bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of brain white matter microstructure with cognitive performance in major depressive disorder and healthy controls: a diffusion-tensor imaging study
Authors: Meinert Susanne , Nowack Nico , Grotegerd Dominik , Repple Jonathan , Winter Nils R. , Abheiden Isabel , Enneking Verena , Lemke Hannah , Waltemate Lena , Stein Frederike , Brosch Katharina , Schmitt Simon , Meller Tina , Pfarr Julia-Katharina , Ringwald Kai , Steinsträter Olaf , Gruber Marius , Nenadić Igor , Krug Axel , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Hahn Tim , Thiel Katharina , Dohm Katharina , Winter Alexandra , Opel Nils , Schubotz Ricarda I. , Kircher Tilo , Dannlowski Udo
Published: October 2021

Cognitive deficits are central attendant symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) with a crucial impact in patients’ everyday life. Thus, it is of particular clinical importance to understand their pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between brain structure and cognitive performance in MDD patients in a well-characterized sample. N = 1007 participants (NMDD = 482, healthy controls (HC): NHC = 525) were selected from the FOR2107 cohort for this diffusion-tensor imaging study employing tract-based spatial statistics. We conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce neuropsychological test results, and to discover underlying factors of cognitive performance in MDD patients. We tested the association between fractional anisotropy (FA) and diagnosis (MDD vs. HC) and cognitive performance factors. The PCA yielded a single general cognitive performance factor that differed significantly between MDD patients and HC (P < 0.001). We found a significant main effect of the general cognitive performance factor in FA (Ptfce-FWE = 0.002) in a large bilateral cluster consisting of widespread frontotemporal-association fibers. In MDD patients this effect was independent of medication intake, the presence of comorbid diagnoses, the number of previous hospitalizations, and depressive symptomatology. This study provides robust evidence that white matter disturbances and cognitive performance seem to be associated. This association was independent of diagnosis, though MDD patients show more pronounced deficits and lower FA values in the global white matter fiber structure. This suggests a more general, rather than the depression-specific neurological basis for cognitive deficits.
Intranasal delivery of replicating mRNA encoding neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice
Authors: Li Jia-Qi , Zhang Zhe-Rui , Zhang Hong-Qing , Zhang Ya-Nan , Zeng Xiang-Yue , Zhang Qiu-Yan , Deng Cheng-Lin , Li Xiao-Dan , Zhang Bo , Ye Han-Qing
Published: October 2021

The lung is the prophylaxis target against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and neutralizing antibodies are a leading class of biological products against various infectious viral pathogen. In this study, we develop a safe and cost-effective platform to express neutralizing antibody in the lung with replicating mRNA basing on alphavirus replicon particle (VRP) delivery system, to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. First, a modified VEEV replicon with two subgenomic (sg) promoters was engineered to translate the light and heavy chains of antibody simultaneously, for expression and assembly of neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody CB6. Second, the feasibility and protective efficacy of replicating mRNA against SARS-CoV-2 infection were demonstrated through both in vitro and in vivo assays. The lung target delivery with the help of VRP system resulted in efficiently block SARS-CoV-2 infection with reducing viral titer and less tissue damage in the lung of mice. Overall, our data suggests that expressing neutralizing antibodies in the lungs with the help of self-replicating mRNA could potentially be a promising prophylaxis approach against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Bottom-up modular synthesis of well-defined oligo(arylfuran)s
Authors: Chen Yang , Shen Pingchuan , Cao Tongxiang , Chen Hao , Zhao Zujin , Zhu Shifa
Published: October 2021

Oligofurans have attracted great attention in the field of materials over the last decades because of their several advantages, such as strong fluorescence, charge delocalization, and increased solubility. Although unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted oligofurans have been well-established, there is an increasing demand for the development of the aryl decorated oligofuran with structural diversity and unrevealed properties. Here, we report the bottom-up modular construction of chemically and structurally well-defined oligo(arylfuran)s by de novo synthesis of α,β′-bifuran monomers and late-stage bromination, stannylation and subsequent coupling reaction. The preliminary study of the photophysical properties demonstrated that the polarity-sensitive fluorescence emission and high quantum yields in THF solution could be achieved by modulating the aryl groups on the oligo(arylfuran)s. These twisted molecules constitute a new class of oligofuran backbone useful for structure−activities relationship studies. Meanwhile, the experimental studies and calculations showed that tetrafurans have appropriate HOMO energy levels, and could therefore potentially be high-performance p-type semiconductors.
Structure of Machupo virus polymerase in complex with matrix protein Z
Authors: Ma Jun , Zhang Shuangyue , Zhang Xinzheng
Published: October 2021

The Arenaviridae family includes several viruses that cause severe human hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality, with no effective countermeasures currently available. The arenavirus multi-domain L protein is involved in viral transcription and replication and represents a promising target for antiviral drugs. The arenavirus matrix protein Z is a small multi-functional protein that inhibits the activities of the L protein. Here we report the structure of Machupo virus L protein in complex with Z determined by cryo-electron microscopy. The Z protein acts as a staple and binds the L protein with 1:1 stoichiometry at the intersection between the PA-C-like region, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and PB2-N-like region. Binding of the Z protein may lock the multiple domains of L into a fixed arrangement leading to loss of catalytic activity. These results further our understanding of the inhibitory mechanism of arenavirus replication machinery and provide a novel perspective to develop antiviral drugs.
A UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS method for the determination of poloxamer 124 and its application in a tissue distribution study in rats
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Cui Yue , Li Lele , Lin Xiaoyin , Zhou Xinxin , Zhu Heyun , Feng Bo
Published: October 2021

A tissue distribution study of poloxamer 124 was carried out using a UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS method.
Light-controlled interconversion between a [c2]daisy chain and a lasso-type pseudo[1]rotaxane
Authors: Chu Chih-Wei , Stares Daniel L. , Schalley Christoph A.
Published: October 2021

The arylazopyrazole-containing pseudorotaxanes can be reversibly switched between a [c2]daisy chain and a lasso-type pseudo[1]rotaxane by light both in solution and in gas phase.
Polypseudorotaxanes constructed from pillar[5]arenes and polyamides by interfacial polymerization
Authors: Ogoshi Tomoki , Yoshiki Miyu , Kakuta Takahiro , Yamagishi Tada-aki , Mizuno Motohiro
Published: October 2021

Polypseudorotaxanes constructed from pillar[5]arene rings and polyamide chains were successfully synthesized by interfacial polymerization of polyamide in the presence of pillar[5]arene.
Regulation of aquaporin-3 water permeability by hyaluronan
Authors: Zhang Hong , Cai Wensheng , Shao Xueguang
Published: October 2021

Hyaluronan can been seen as a natural regulator of AQP3 in the extracellular matrix of the skin.
Monitoring spin-crossover phenomena via Re(i) luminescence in hybrid Fe(ii) silica coated nanoparticles
Authors: Díaz-Ortega Ismael Francisco , Fernández-Barbosa Eva Luz , Titos-Padilla Silvia , Pope Simon J. A. , Jiménez Juan-Ramón , Colacio Enrique , Herrera Juan Manuel
Published: October 2021

Bifunctional Fe(ii)-SCO/Re(i)-luminescent nanocomposites were prepared, in which the Re(i) 3MLCT emission is regulated through the thermal switch of the Fe(ii) t2g6eg0/t2g4eg2 electronic configurations.
Imidosulfonate scorpionate ligands in lanthanide single-molecule magnet design: slow magnetic relaxation and butterfly hysteresis in [ClDy{Ph2PCH2S(NtBu)3}2]
Authors: Jung Jochen , Legendre Christina M. , Demeshko Serhiy , Herbst-Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar
Published: October 2021

In lanthanide SMM ligand design the [Ph2PCH2S(NtBu)3]− anion proved to be advantageous as the S–N bonds adapt easily to various metals. So, the dysprosium complex is a zero-field SMM (Ueff = 66 cm−1) with a butterfly hysteresis closing at 3.5 K.
Depth-dependent defect manipulation in perovskites for high-performance solar cells
Authors: Zhang Yuzhuo , Wang Yanju , Zhao Lichen , Yang Xiaoyu , Hou Cheng-Hung , Wu Jiang , Su Rui , Jia Shuang , Shyue Jing-Jong , Luo Deying , Chen Peng , Yu Maotao , Li Qiuyang , Li Lei , Gong Qihuang , Zhu Rui
Published: October 2021

The depth-dependent defect manipulation strategy using binary modulators with selective penetrability within perovskite films can concurrently passivate the defects both in bulk and at interfaces, boosting the efficiency of the solar cell to 24.36%.
Spiers Memorial Lecture: Analysis and de novo design of membrane-interactive peptides
Authors: Kratochvil Huong T. , Newberry Robert W. , Mensa Bruk , Mravic Marco , DeGrado William F.
Published: October 2021

Membrane–peptide interactions play critical roles in many cellular and organismal functions, including protection from infection, remodeling of membranes, signaling, and ion transport.
Metal-free, visible-light driven C–H ketoalkylation of glycine derivatives and peptides
Authors: Xin Hong , Yuan Zi-Hang , Yang Mingyu , Wang Ming-Hua , Duan Xin-Hua , Guo Li-Na
Published: October 2021

A metal free, visible-light driven C–H ketoalkylation of glycine derivatives and peptides with cycloalkyl hydroperoxides is presented. This protocol provides diverse unnatural amino acids bearing a distal carbonyl group in moderate to good yields.
Single crystal growth and structural, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties in spin-frustrated bow-tie lattice of α-Cu5O2(SeO3)2Cl2
Authors: Kakarla D. Chandrasekhar , Yang Z. H. , Wu H. C. , Kuo T. W. , Tiwari Ajay , Li W.-H. , Lee C. H. , Wang Y.-Y. , Lin J.-Y. , Chang C. K. , Chen B. H. , Wang Chin-Wei , Lee C. A. , Chou Mitch M. C. , Yang H. D.
Published: October 2021

Growth of α-Cu5O2(SeO3)2Cl2 single crystals with unique up-up and down-down ferromagnetic spin-dimers that results in higher magnetoelectric coupling.
Needles in haystacks: reevaluating old paradigms for the discovery of bacterial secondary metabolites
Authors: Chevrette Marc G. , Handelsman Jo
Published: October 2021

Strategies to enhance the rate of natural product discovery from bacteria provide guidance for designing discovery initiatives.
Molecular design of heterogeneous electrocatalysts using tannic acid-derived metal–phenolic networks
Authors: Kim Nayeong , Lee Inhui , Choi Yuri , Ryu Jungki
Published: October 2021

Recently emerged metal phenolic networks (MPNs) show promise as molecularly designable heterogeneous electrocatalysts for various electrochemical reactions owing to their unique features.
A multifunctional epoxy structural adhesive with superior flexibility, damping and durability
Authors: Ge Ying , Zhang Xueqin , Shi You , Cai Yuanbo , Zhou Shengtai , Liang Mei , Zou Huawei
Published: October 2021

In this work, we introduced MCA with a flexible long chain into epoxy resin, and the elongation at break of MCA cured epoxy resin was over 200%.
Reactions of aluminium(i) with transition metal carbonyls: scope, mechanism and selectivity of CO homologation
Authors: Kong Richard Y. , Batuecas Maria , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: October 2021

A homogeneous model system that constructs carbon chains from CO is reported. The system exploits the cooperative effect of a transition metal complex and main group reductant. An entire reaction sequence from C1 → C2 → C3 → C4 has been synthetically verified.
Controlling the carrier density in niobium oxynitride BaNbO2N via cation doping for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting under visible light
Authors: Iwai Takafumi , Nakada Akinobu , Higashi Masanobu , Suzuki Hajime , Tomita Osamu , Abe Ryu
Published: October 2021

Lower-valent cation doping enables appropriate reduction of undesirably high donor density in BaNbO2N, providing both a suitable electron conductivity and hole diffusion length with high photoelectrochemical performance for water splitting.
Principles of synthetic biology
Authors: Garner Kathryn L.
Published: October 2021

In synthetic biology, biological cells and processes are dismantled and reassembled to make novel systems that do useful things. Designs are encoded by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); DNA makes biological (bio-)parts; bioparts are combined to make devices; devices are built into biological systems. Computers are used at all stages of the Design–Build–Test–Learn cycle, from mathematical modelling through to the use of robots for the automation of assembly and experimentation. Synthetic biology applies engineering principles of standardisation, modularity, and abstraction, enabling fast prototyping and the ready exchange of designs between synthetic biologists working around the world. Like toy building blocks, compatible modular designs enable bioparts to be combined and optimised easily; biopart specifications are shared in open registries. Synthetic biology is made possible due to major advances in DNA sequencing and synthesis technologies, and through knowledge gleaned in the field of systems biology. Systems biology aims to understand biology across scales, from the molecular and cellular, up to tissues and organisms, and describes cells as complex information-processing systems. By contrast, synthetic biology seeks to design and build its own systems. Applications of synthetic biology are wide-ranging but include impacting healthcare to improve diagnosis and make better treatments for disease; it seeks to improve the environment by finding novel ways to clean up pollution, make industrial processes for chemical synthesis sustainable, and remove the need for damaging farming practices by making better fertilisers. Synthetic biology has the potential to change the way we live and help us to protect the future of our planet.
Adding power of artificial intelligence to situational awareness of large interconnections dominated by inverter‐based resources
Authors: Zhu Lin , Zhao Yinfeng , Cui Yi , You Shutang , Yu Wenpeng , Liu Shengyuan , Yin He , Chen Chang , Wu Yuru , Qiu Wei , Mandich Mirka , Li Hongyu , Ademola Adedasola , Zhang Chengwen , Zeng Chujie , Jia Xinlan , Wang Weikang , Yuan Haoyu , Jiang Huaiguang , Tan Jin , Liu Yilu
Published: October 2021

Large‐scale power systems exhibit more complex dynamics due to the increasing integration of inverter‐based resources (IBRs). Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance the situational awareness capability for better monitoring and control of power grids dominated by IBRs. As a pioneering Wide‐Area Measurement System, FNET/GridEye has developed and implemented various advanced applications based on the collected synchrophasor measurements to enhance the situational awareness capability of large‐scale power grids. This study provides an overview of the latest progress of FNET/GridEye. The sensors, communication, and data servers are upgraded to handle ultra‐high density synchrophasor and point‐on‐wave data to monitor system dynamics with more details. More importantly, several artificial intelligence (AI)‐based advanced applications are introduced, including AI‐based inertia estimation, AI‐based disturbance size and location estimation, AI‐based system stability assessment, and AI‐based data authentication.
A MIMO antenna synthesis algorithm using characteristic modes
Authors: Thackston Kyle A. , Platt Jori , Sievenpiper Daniel F.
Published: October 2021

Characteristic mode analysis has proven useful in the design of multi‐input multi‐output antennas. By identifying characteristic current modes associated with a conductive structure, the designer can place ports to replicate those current modes, which should generate orthogonal far fields with high isolation from one another. An algorithm that uses characteristic mode analysis is proposed to synthesise multi‐input multi‐output antennas from a conductive structure by determining port placement and excitations without visual inspection. Our algorithm uses a correlation metric to determine the proper excitation from a particular port, and uses a global optimisation algorithm to determine the optimal port placement. Given a particular structure and a domain of possible port locations, our algorithm places ports and generates excitations to synthesise the desired multi‐input multi‐output antenna. Our algorithm is used to synthesise and simulate a simple 3D cell phone model with a metal ground plane, metal rim, and dielectric. The result is an antenna with the desired six isolated channels at 2.5 GHz.
Effects of Half-Time Cooling Using a Fan with Skin Wetting on Thermal
Response During Intermittent Cycling Exercise in the Heat
Authors: Osakabe Jumpei , Kajiki Masanobu , Kondo Kiho , Matsumoto Takaaki , Umemura Yoshihisa
Published: October 2021

The present study investigated the effects of half-time (HT) break cooling using
a fan and damp sponge on physiological and perceptual responses during the
2nd half of a repeated-sprint exercise in a hot environment.
Eight physically active men performed a familiarization trial and two
experimental trials of a 2×30-min intermittent cycling exercise protocol
with a 15-min HT break in hot conditions (35°C, 50% relative
humidity). Two experimental trials were conducted in random order: skin wetting
with a fan (FANwet) and no cooling (CON). During the 2nd
half, a repeated-sprint cycling exercise was performed: i. e.,
5 s of maximal pedaling (body weight×0.075 kp) every
minute, separated by 25 s of unloaded pedaling (80 rpm) and
30 s of rest. Rectal temperature, skin temperature (chest, forearm,
thigh, and calf), heart rate, physiological strain index, rating of perceived
exertion, thermal sensation, and comfort were significantly improved in the
FANwet condition (P<0.05). There was no significant
difference in the repeated-sprint cycling exercise performance between
conditions. The results suggest that skin wetting with a fan during the HT break
is a practical and effective cooling strategy for mitigating physiological and
perceptual strain during the 2nd half in hot conditions.
Patientenzufriedenheit nach Anwendung eines standardisierten
Analgesieverfahrens durch Rettungsfachpersonal – eine
Beobachtungsstudie
Authors: Sander Henning , Matschuck Guido , Möckel Martin , Nübling Matthias , Gnirke André
Published: October 2021

Hintergrund Unzureichende präklinische Schmerzbehandlung führte 2015 zur
Einführung eines standardisierten Analgesiekonzeptes in der
Rettungsdienst-Kooperation in Schleswig-Holstein (RKiSH). Obwohl die
Verträglichkeit, Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit des Analgesiekonzeptes nachgewiesen
wurden, muss die Zufriedenheit der Patienten mit diesem neuen Ansatz noch durch
einen validierten Fragebogen ermittelt werden.

Zielsetzung Untersuchung und Analyse der Unterschiede in der
Patientenzufriedenheit zwischen den eingesetzten Schmerzmitteln.

Methodik Nach Durchsicht der vorhandenen validierten/getesteten
Instrumente zur Messung der Patientenzufriedenheit wurde ein Fragebogen
entwickelt. Nach psychometrischen Tests erhielten wir einen abschließenden
16-Punkte-Fragebogen, der 4 Dimensionen der Patientenzufriedenheit analysierte:
Schmerzbehandlung, Personal, Wartezeit und Medikamentenverträglichkeit. Die
Datenerhebung erfolgte mittels Fragebogen in 4 Kreisen des Landes
Schleswig-Holstein von Juni 2018 bis Juni 2019. Insgesamt wurden 820 Fragebögen
versandt und 363 anonymisierte gültige Antworten ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Wir beobachteten sehr hohe Zufriedenheitswerte für alle Skalen.
Wir fanden keine Unterschiede in der Patientenzufriedenheit zwischen den
einzelnen Arzneimittelgruppen.

Diskussion Unsere Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass die Patienten mit der
derzeitigen Analgesiebehandlung durch das eingesetzte Rettungsdienstpersonal
sehr zufrieden sind und dass keine bestimmte Kombination aus Medikamenten für
die Patienten zufriedenstellender war.
Improving Consistency and Accuracy of Neonatal Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography
Authors: Tsoi Kathleen , Yam Karen K. M. , Cheung Hon M. , Ma Terence P.Y. , So King W. , Fung Eva L.W. , Lam Hugh S.
Published: October 2021

Objective This study aimed to improve the utilization of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) in a neonatal unit by improving aEEG documentation, aEEG knowledge, and pattern recognition ability of neonatal staff.

Methods A quality improvement (QI) program comprising the two Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles was conducted in a level-3 neonatal intensive care unit. The first cycle was focused on improving aEEG documentation with the primary outcome indicator being compliance with aEEG documentation. The second cycle was focused on aEEG interpretation in a health care professional education program with the outcome indicators being accuracy of seizure identification on aEEG and change in conventional EEGs (cEEG) performed. Other outcome indicators included accuracy in identification of background pattern, sleep–wake cycles and artifacts. Process indicators included improvement in aEEG-related knowledge.

Results First PDSA cycle includes lectures on aEEG interpretation, a bedside key, and documentation form. Second PDSA cycle includes online aEEG education pack and detailed aEEG guideline. There was a significant improvement in aEEG documentation after the implementation of both PDSA cycles. Seven of the 46 patients (15.2%) had isolated electrographic seizures which would not have been identified in the pre-aEEG monitoring era. There was an increase in the number of patients with cEEGs done but a steady decrease in number of cEEGs per patient.

Conclusion With the successful application of standardized QI methods, improvements in outcome indicators, such as correct aEEG pattern recognition and improved coverage of at risk infants with cEEGs, were observed. Our QI measures were associated with improvement in aEEG pattern recognition.

Key Points
Neonatal Therapy Staffing in the United States and Relationships to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Type and Location, Level of Acuity, and Population Factors
Authors: Pineda Roberta , Lisle Julia , Ferrara Louisa , Knudsen Kati , Kumar Ramya , Fernandez-Fernandez Alicia
Published: October 2021

Objectives This study aimed to (1) estimate the total pool of neonatal therapists (occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech-language pathologists who work in the neonatal intensive care unit [NICU]) and the average number represented in each U.S. based NICU, and (2) investigate the relationships between the number and type of neonatal therapy team members to NICU/hospital, population, and therapy factors.

Study Design This study used several methods of data collection (surveys, phone calls, and web site searches) that were combined to establish a comprehensive list of factors across each NICU in the United States.

Results We estimate that there are 2,333 full-time equivalent (FTE) positions designated to neonatal therapy coverage, with 4,232 neonatal therapists covering those FTEs. Among 564 NICUs with available neonatal therapy staffing data, 432 (76%) had a dedicated therapy team, 103 (18%) had pro re nata (as the circumstances arise; PRN) therapy coverage only, and 35 (6%) had no neonatal therapy team. Having a dedicated therapy team was more likely in level-IV (n = 112; 97%) and -III (n = 269; 83%) NICUs compared with level-II NICUs (n = 51; 42%; p < 0.001). Having a dedicated therapy team was related to having more NICU beds (p < 0.001), being part of a free-standing children's hospital or children's hospital within a hospital (p < 0.001), and being part of an academic medical center or community hospital (p < 0.001). Having a dedicated therapy team was more common in the Southeast, Midwest, Southwest, and West (p = 0.001) but was not related to the proportion of the community living in poverty or belonging to racial/ethnic minorities (p > 0.05). There was an average of 17 beds per neonatal therapy FTE, a good marker of therapy coverage based on NICU size. Three-hundred U.S. based NICUs (22%) had at least one Certified Neonatal Therapist (CNT) in early 2020, with CNT presence being more likely in higher acuity NICUs (59% of level-IV NICUs had at least one CNT).

Conclusion Understanding the composition of neonatal therapy teams at different hospitals across the U.S. can drive change to expand neonatal therapy services aimed at optimizing outcomes of high-risk infants and families.

Key Points
Artrodese tibiotalocalcaneana minimamente invasiva com haste intramedular retrógrada bloqueada – Relato de três casos
Authors: Moreira Fernando Delmonte , Jambeiro Jorge Eduardo de Schoucair , Cordeiro Antero Tavares , Oliveira José Augusto , Leão Felipe Fernandes , Guedes Alex
Published: October 2021

A osteoartrite do tornozelo (OAT) está associada a quadro álgico e limitação funcional variável, demandando tratamento clínico e eventual indicação cirúrgica quando as medidas conservadoras são inefetivas – a artrodese tem sido o procedimento de escolha, por reduzir a dor, restaurar o alinhamento articular e tornar o segmento estável, preservando a marcha. O presente estudo relata 3 casos (3 tornozelos) de pacientes do sexo masculino, com entre 49 e 63 anos de idade, portadores de OAT secundária, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS AHS, na sigla em inglês) pré-operatória de 27 a 39 pontos, tratados mediante artrodese tibiotalocalcaneana minimamente invasiva utilizando haste intramedular retrógrada bloqueada. A permanência hospitalar foi de 1 dia, e os pacientes foram autorizados para carga imediata com órteses removíveis para deambulação, conforme tolerado. O tratamento fisioterápico, introduzido desde o internamento, foi mantido, priorizando-se treino de marcha, ganho de força e propriocepção. Foi realizado acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico nas semanas 1, 2, 6, 12 e 24. Após evidências de consolidação (entre a 6ª e a 10ª semanas), as órteses foram retiradas. Um paciente queixou-se de dor no pós-operatório imediato e, ao final do 1° ano, apenas 1 paciente apresentou dor durante a reabilitação, resolvida completamente com analgésicos. Atualmente, os pacientes não apresentam queixas, retornando às atividades sem restrições – um deles, à prática de futebol e rapel. A AOFAS AHS pós-operatória foi de 68 a 86 pontos.
Limites da artroscopia na instabilidade anterior do ombro
Authors: Simmer Filho Jair , Kautsky Raul Meyer
Published: October 2021

Muito se discute sobre os limites do tratamento da instabilidade anterior do ombro por artroscopia. O avanço no entendimento das repercussões biomecânicas das lesões bipolares sobre a estabilidade do ombro, bem como na identificação de fatores relacionados ao maior risco de recidiva têm nos ajudado a definir, de forma mais apurada, os limites do reparo por via artroscópica.

Ressaltamos a importância de diferenciação entre perda óssea por erosão da glenoide (POAG) e fraturas da borda da glenoide, pois o prognóstico do tratamento diverge entre essas formas de falha óssea da glenoide. Neste contexto, entendemos que há três tipos de falha óssea: a) Bankart ósseo (fratura); b) combinada; e c) POAG, e abordaremos as opções de tratamento sugerido em cada situação.

Até há pouco tempo, a escolha do método cirúrgico era norteada basicamente pelo grau de acometimento ósseo. Com a evolução do conhecimento, da biomecânica das lesões bipolares e do conceito do glenoid track (trilho da glenoide), o ponto de corte da lesão crítica, vem sendo alterado com tendência de queda. Além das falhas ou perdas ósseas, outras variáveis foram adicionadas e tornaram a decisão mais complexa, porém um pouco mais objetiva.

O presente artigo de atualização tem como objetivo fazer uma breve revisão da anatomia com as principais lesões encontradas na instabilidade; abordar detalhes importantes na técnica cirúrgica artroscópica, em especial nos casos complexos, e trazer as evidências atuais sobre os assuntos de maior divergência, buscando guiar o cirurgião na tomada de decisão.
Análise comparativa de um protocolo de cicatrização secundária modificado para amputações das pontas dos dedos e técnicas de reconstrução não microcirúrgicas
Authors: Chavez-Galvan Carlos Rubén , Martínez-Pérez Ricardo , Flores-Alvarez Efrén , Martínez-Pérez Armando
Published: October 2021

Objetivo Descrever e comparar os resultados obtidos com um protocolo de cicatrização secundária para amputações das pontas dos dedos e sua relação com a gravidade da lesão de acordo com a classificação de Allen.

Métodos Foram revisados os prontuários clínicos de 127 lesões nas pontas dos dedos, e realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo, comparativo e analítico das amputações tratadas de forma conservadora. Foram descritas e analisadas as características da lesão, o tempo de cicatrização, e as complicações.

Resultados Entre abril de 2017 e maio de 2019, foram tratadas de forma conservadora 127 lesões nas pontas dos dedos. A idade média da amostra era de 28,33 anos. O tempo médio de cicatrização foi de 4,31 semanas. As complicações apresentadas durante o acompanhamento afetaram 18,9% (n = 24) dos casos, porém nenhum exigiu tratamento de revisão. Não foi encontrada relação estatisticamente significativa entre o desenvolvimento das complicações e a revisão do tratamento de acordo com a classificação de Allen (p ≥ 0,05).

Conclusão O protocolo de cicatrização secundária proposto mostrou-se seguro e eficaz nas amputações das pontas dos dedos conforme os tipos de 1 a 3 da classificação de Allen, e deve ser incluída como opção terapêutica mesmo em lesões de maior extensão do que aquelas tradicionalmente limitadas.
Efeito da COVID-19 na artroplastia de ombro em um centro médico terciário na cidade de Nova York
Authors: Wang Kevin C. , Patel Akshar V. , White Christopher A. , Gross Benjamin D. , Parsons Bradford O. , Cagle Paul J.
Published: October 2021

Objetivo A pandemia de COVID-19 causou uma pausa sem precedentes em cirurgias eletivas, inclusive artroplastia de ombro. Procuramos determinar as possíveis diferenças clínicas e/ou demográficas entre os pacientes que realizaram artroplastia de ombro durante a pandemia em comparação com o ano anterior (2019).

Métodos Os registros institucionais foram consultados para obtenção de informações sobre pacientes submetidos a artroplastia de ombro entre 1° de março a 1° de julho de 2019 e 2020. Dados demográficos, amplitude de movimento, duração da cirurgia, tempo de hospitalização, condições à alta e manejo pós-operatório foram analisados.

Resultados O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 160 ± 50 minutos em 2020 e de 179 ± 54 minutos em 2019 (p = 0,13). O tempo médio de internação foi de 36 ± 13 horas em 2020 e de 51 ± 40 horas em 2019 (p = 0,04). Em 2019, 96% dos pacientes fizeram fisioterapia, enquanto 71% o fizeram em 2020 (p = 0,003). Todos os pacientes de 2019 e 86% dos pacientes de 2020 participaram do acompanhamento pós-operatório presencial (p = 0,006). Os pacientes de 2019 retornaram para a consulta médica em média 14 ± 11 dias após a cirurgia; os pacientes de 2020 retornaram para o acompanhamento em 25 ± 25 dias (p = 0,10). A amplitude de movimento, a idade, a pontuação da American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA, na sigla em inglês) e as taxas de complicações não diferiram entre as coortes.

Conclusão Os pacientes submetidos a cirurgia na fase inicial da pandemia eram demográfica e clinicamente semelhantes aos pacientes de 2019. No entanto, o tempo de internação diminuiu de forma significativa durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O acompanhamento pós-operatório e a fisioterapia foram adiados em 2020, mas isso não levou a diferenças nas taxas de complicações ou de reinternações em comparação às da coorte de 2019.

Nível de Evidência III.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Developing after COVID-19 Vaccination: VITT, VATT, TTS, and More
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Favaloro Emmanuel J.
Published: October 2021

Despite the huge efforts globally underway for preventing or limiting the spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak appears still virtually unstoppable. As for many other infectious diseases, COVID-19 vaccination has now become crucial for limiting viral spread, especially for averting hospitalizations, need for intensive care, and fatal outcome. Nonetheless, as for other vaccines, COVID-19 vaccination is not completely free from side effects. Among the adverse events that have been reported after receiving COVID-19 vaccination, special emphasis has been given to an unexpected number of thrombocytopenic episodes with or without thrombotic complications, especially in recipients of adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines. Along with a specific clinical presentation, encompassing “atypical” thrombosis (especially cerebral venous [sinus] thrombosis, CVT) more prevalent in young female subjects, this new syndrome called vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) is characterized by, and thereby diagnosed for, the presence of three paradigmatic laboratory abnormalities, i.e., low platelet count (<150 × 109/L), elevated plasma D-dimer levels (>0.5 mg/L), accompanied by a positive test for anti-PF4 (platelet factor 4) antibodies assayed with ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) techniques. Timely identification of these important abnormalities by both clinicians and laboratory professional is essential for early diagnosis and management of VITT, since the outcome of this condition may be fatal in half or even more of effected patients with severe disease. Therefore, this narrative review aims to review here the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of VITT and other COVID-19 vaccine-associated thrombocytopenias.
Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets Type 1A in Two Siblings with a Hypomorphic CYP27B1 Variant Frequent in the African Population
Authors: de Brito Chagas Joana , Cordinhã Carolina , do Carmo Carmen , Alves Cristina , Heath Karen E. , Sousa Sérgio B. , Gomes Clara
Published: October 2021

Vitamin D-dependent type 1A rickets (VDDR-1A) is a rare autosomal recessive disease due to the inability to convert 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] to the active form 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1.25(OH)2D] by the enzyme 25(OH)D-1α-hydroxylase leading to low or low-normal serum levels of [1.25(OH)2D].

We report two sisters with rickets in whom the diagnosis of VDDR-1A was a challenge. They had normal 1.25(OH)2D levels, which are unusual with this condition but may be explained by the identified genotype. Both have compound heterozygous for two, most likely, hypomorphic CYP27B1 alleles: the novel p.(Arg117Gly) variant, and p.(Ala129Thr), which are present in 0.43% of the African population.

This report illustrates the variability of clinical, laboratory, and radiological presentation between two sisters with the same genotype, during phases of faster or slower growth. Genetic testing was crucial for establishing the diagnosis that optimized the management and genetic counseling.
A unified and flexible formulation of molecular fragmentation schemes
Authors: Hellmers Janine , König Carolin
Published: October 2021

We present a flexible formulation for energy-based molecular fragmentation schemes. This framework does not only incorporate the majority of existing fragmentation expansions but also allows for flexible formulation of novel schemes. We further illustrate its application in multi-level approaches and for electronic interaction energies. For the examples of small water clusters, a small protein, and protein–protein interaction energies, we show how this flexible setup can be exploited to generate a well-suited multi-level fragmentation expansion for the given case. With such a setup, we reproduce the electronic protein–protein interaction energy of ten different structures of a neurotensin and an extracellular loop of its receptor with a mean absolute deviation to the respective super-system calculations below 1 kJ/mol.
Structural stability of open vortex beams
Authors: Zeng Ruoyu , Zhao Qi , Shen Yijie , Liu Yidong , Yang Yuanjie
Published: October 2021

Normally, intensity patterns of vortex beams are closed rings such as Laguerre–Gaussian beams and Bessel–Gaussian beams. Recent studies showed that the vortex beams with open ring structures, namely, open vortex beams (OVBs), have non-trivial orbital angular momentum (OAM) spectra and optical forces and can be employed in many applications such as metrology and quantum information. However, the structural stability of OVBs, including the topological charge conservation and the intensity invariance, has not been studied yet. Here, we theoretically propose a generalized model of OVBs, using both geometrical ray-like trajectories and coherent wave-packets, and the structural stability of OVBs is validated by the geometrical envelope of ray bundles. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrated that such OVBs can be generated by a partial fork-grating (PFG). Our study reveals structural characteristics of OVBs, which lays a foundation for the OVB's potential applications in optical manipulation, optical metrology, etc.
In-plane anisotropic 2D CrPS4 for promising polarization-sensitive photodetection
Authors: Zhang Hanlin , Li Yong , Hu Xiaozong , Xu Junmin , Chen Lijie , Li Gang , Yin Shiqi , Chen Jiawang , Tan Chaoyang , Kan Xucai , Li Liang
Published: October 2021

Polarized photodetectors have been widely used in military and civilian applications. The investigation of promising two-dimensional materials with low symmetry structures will be of great significance for the development of polarized integrated nanodevices. In this work, chromium thiophosphate (CrPS4), a ternary layered semiconductor with low symmetry puckered structures and unique linear dichroism (LD) conversion behavior is introduced to act as a polarization-sensitive photodetector. Angle-resolved polarized Raman spectra (ARPRS), polarization-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra, polarization-resolved absorption spectroscopy (PRAS), and electrical transport measurement systematically indicate intriguing anisotropic optical and electrical properties in 2D (two-dimensional) CrPS4. The photodetector of CrPS4 shows a linear anisotropy ratio of ≈1.33 with 405 nm illumination. This pioneering research not only stimulates interest in the development of novel anisotropic 2D materials but also enriches the family of polarization-sensitive photodetectors.
Probing the atomic-scale ferromagnetism in van der Waals magnet CrSiTe3
Authors: Niu Wei , Zhang Xiaoqian , Wang Wei , Sun Jiabao , Xu Yongbing , He Liang , Liu Wenqing , Pu Yong
Published: October 2021

As an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) materials, van der Waals (vdW) magnets have attracted a lot of research attention since they can give access to fundamental physics and potential spintronic device applications. Among these 2D vdW magnets, CrSiTe3, as an intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductor, exhibits great potentials in low-dimensional spintronics. Of particular interest in this 2D vdW magnet is the electronic and magnetic properties at the atomic-scale, which has yet been fully explored so far. Here, combing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, bulk magnetic measurements, and synchrotron-based x-ray techniques, an unambiguous picture of the electronic and magnetic states of CrSiTe3 is presented. Hybridization of Cr-3d and Te-5p orbitals and the semiconducting behavior are confirmed by the band structure detection. Intrinsic ferromagnetism with a magnetic anisotropy constant of 1.56 × 105 erg/cm3 is attributed to the superexchange interaction of the Cr3+ ions. In addition, temperature-dependent spin and orbital moments are determined, and a fitted critical exponent of 0.169 implies that CrSiTe3 is in good agreement with the 2D Ising model. More remarkably, unquenched orbital moments are experimentally evidenced, bringing CrSiTe3 with orbital-dependent intriguing effects and great potentials toward the spintronic devices.
An online system for calculating and delivering long-term carrying capacity information for Queensland grazing properties. Part 1: background and development
Authors: Stone G. , Zhang B. , Carter J. , Fraser G. , Whish G. , Paton C. , McKeon G.
Published: October 2021

This paper (Part 1) describes the development of a new online system that estimates long-term carrying capacity (LTCC) for grazing properties across Queensland, Australia. High year-to-year and multi-year rainfall variability is a dominating feature of the climate of Queensland’s grazing lands, and poses major challenges for extensive livestock production. The use of LTCC is one approach used by graziers to reduce the impact of rainfall variability on land condition and financial performance. Over the past 30 years, scientists, graziers and their advisors have developed a simple approach to calculating LTCC ((average annual pasture growth × safe pasture utilisation) ÷ annual animal intake). This approach has been successful at a property scale (regional south-west Queensland) and in a wider application through Grazing Land Management (GLM) regional workshops. We have built on these experiences to develop an online system (as described in detail in Part 2; Zhang et al. 2021; this issue) that incorporates the simple LTCC approach with advances in technology and grazing science to provide LTCC information for Queensland grazing properties. Features of the LTCC system are: (1) assimilation of spatial datasets (cadastral data, grazing land types, climate data, remotely-sensed woody vegetation cover); (2) a pasture growth simulation model; (3) land type parameter sets of biophysical attributes; and (4) estimates of safe pasture utilisation. The ‘FORAGE LTCC report’ is a major product of the system, describing individual property information that allows detailed analysis and explanation of the components of the LTCC calculation by land type and land condition. The online system rapidly analyses property spatial data and calculates paddock/property LTCC information. For the 10 months between November 2020 and August 2021, over 4000 grazing property reports have been requested in Queensland, and has proven to be a sound basis for ‘discussion support’ with grazier managers and their advisors.
Evolutionary history and pan-genome dynamics of strawberry (
Fragaria
spp.)
Authors: Qiao Qin , Edger Patrick P. , Xue Li , Qiong La , Lu Jie , Zhang Yichen , Cao Qiang , Yocca Alan E. , Platts Adrian E. , Knapp Steven J. , Van Montagu Marc , Van de Peer Yves , Lei Jiajun , Zhang Ticao
Published: October 2021

Significance

Strawberry is a very popular fruit. The strawberry genus (
Fragaria
) has emerged as a model system for various fundamental and applied research in recent years. Here, by using high-throughput sequencing technologies, we provide de novo whole-genome sequences for five wild strawberry species and genome resequencing data for 128 additional accessions of key species. Our analyses resulted in robust estimates of the evolutionary history for most diploid strawberry species, the discovery of a new diploid species (
Fragaria emeiensis
Jia J. Lei), and the construction of a pan-genome for strawberry. We also examined the evolutionary dynamics of gene families. This study provides a powerful genomic platform and resource for future studies in strawberry.
Experimental evidence for neonicotinoid driven decline in aquatic emerging insects
Authors: Barmentlo S. Henrik , Schrama Maarten , de Snoo Geert R. , van Bodegom Peter M. , van Nieuwenhuijzen André , Vijver Martina G.
Published: October 2021

Significance

Survey data show a large-scale decline in insects. This global decline is often linked to human actions in intensive agricultural areas. To investigate whether this decline has a causal relationship with neonicotinoid insecticides, we performed an outdoor experiment with representative surface water concentrations of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid. We exposed naturally formed aquatic communities to increasing neonicotinoid concentrations and monitored insect emergence during a 3-mo period. We show that increasing neonicotinoid concentrations strongly decreased the abundance and biomass of five major insect orders that together comprised >99% of the 55,574 collected insects as well as the diversity of the most species-rich freshwater family, thus showing a causal relation between insect decline and neonicotinoids.
Estimating sexual size dimorphism in fossil species from posterior probability densities
Authors: Sasaki Tomohiko , Semaw Sileshi , Rogers Michael J. , Simpson Scott W. , Beyene Yonas , Asfaw Berhane , White Tim D. , Suwa Gen
Published: October 2021

Significance

The evolutionary study of sexual dimorphism has been hampered by the general inability to accurately estimate low levels of dimorphism in fossil assemblages with no information on sex membership. In previous estimates, accuracy decreased with lower dimorphism levels because the hidden distributions of the two sexes embedded in the sample were not adequately modeled. The posterior density peak (pdPeak) method that we developed in part solves this problem by estimating dimorphism and within-sex variance simultaneously and provides unbiased estimates of dimorphism at levels lower than previously possible. Thus, this method has potential to better address the evolutionary history of weakly dimorphic structures, such as the human canine, enabling a better understanding of dimorphisms and adaptive strategies among primate taxa.
Organizing the “we” in interaction
Authors: Etelämäki Marja
Published: October 2021

In this paper, I analyse a piece of interaction during
which the participants seem to have trouble arriving at an agreement
in a series of affective evaluations. The sequence does not contain
other initiations of repair, third position repairs or fourth
position repairs, places in which problems of intersubjectivity
become visible in the conversation analytic tradition. I show that
these problems are due to the fact that the participants do not
share an understanding of the nature of the conversation, their
respective roles in it, or their mutual relationship. In the end, I
discuss my analysis in light of the Schuetzian (1953) understanding of
intersubjectivity and suggest that initiating and accomplishing
repair are not the only means for restoring intersubjectivity in
interaction.
Definitely indefinite
Authors: Laury Ritva
Published: October 2021

This chapter concerns expressions which seem internally
contradictory because they consist of both a recognitional and a
non-recognitional element. They contain both the Finnish
demonstrative se ‘that, the’, a recognitional, as
in se ihminen ‘that/the person’, and one of the
indefinite determiners yksi ‘one’,
semmonen ‘such’, and joku
‘some’, all of which are non-recognitionals, resulting in
expressions such as se joku ihminen ‘that/the some
person’. The chapter shows that each of these expressions has its
own home environment and expresses a distinct epistemic stance. The
main findings are that these expressions constitute a fine-grained
resource for the negotiation of relative epistemic status and are
tools for building intersubjective common ground in interaction.
Directive turn design and intersubjectivity
Authors: Couper-Kuhlen Elizabeth , Etelämäki Marja , Sorjonen Marja-Leena
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we discuss turn design as a locus of
intersubjectivity. We focus on two types of directives in Finnish
interactions, turns formatted with second-person imperative and
turns that contain zero person. Neither of these turn designs
contains a separate subject phrase explicating the person(s)
referred to, nor does either indicate when the action nominated is
to take place. We study the kinds of assumptions these two turn
designs make and present as shared, and the interplay of the
assumptions in relation to the sequential and activity context of
the turn. The design of turns and actions in sequences of
interaction thus allows us to see intersubjectivity at work, even
when repair does not take place.