bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Au-delà de la symbiose : le rôle des exclusions primaires dans la psychose schizophrénique
Authors: Mellacqua Zefiro , Blondel Agnès
Published: December 2016

Cet article se fonde sur des années d’expérience clinique avec des patients psychotiques adultes, certains souffrant de psychose chronique et d’autres vivant leur premier épisode de schizophrénie. Ces patients vivent dans le sud-est de Londres, dans le quartier de Lambeth, reconnu pour afficher un des taux de psychose les plus élevés du Royaume-Uni et sans doute d’Europe (Kirkbride et al., 2006). L’auteur commence par décrire l’avis de Berne (1971a) sur la scission 2 et sa théorie plus tardive sur les exclusions du Parent (Berne, 1971b) créatrices de psychose active. Il suggère ensuite que la schizophrénie est un trouble lié à un traumatisme relationnel, et non le seul résultat de la symbiose (Schiff, 1975), ni le produit de conflits intrapsychiques (Novellino, 1991, 1998, 2004 ; Novellino & Moiso, 1990) et de contaminations complexes (Goulding & Goulding, 1979). L’auteur avance que la schizophrénie implique des exclusions structurales multiples et profondes qui causent des lacunes précoces du Parent dans l’état du moi Enfant (P 0 et P 1 ), et qui finissent par provoquer une fragmentation de l’ego/self.
Les Racines du mal : aux origines de la violence
Authors: Brécard France
Published: December 2016

L’article, dans un premier temps, fait référence à différentes théories, psychanalyse et sociologie, théories qui expliquent l’origine des actes violents. Sans nier les apports de ces premières l’auteur nous convie à porter notre attention et notre réflexion sur l’histoire psychique de chacun. Elle apporte une explication plus psychologique que sociologique quant aux causes de l’origine des réactions violentes. Des apports théoriques, des illustrations, soutiennent notre compréhension. L’optimisme est présent. Des idées de solution sont présentées. C’est un nouveau regard sur l’origine de la violence que nous apporte France Brécard. F.H.
Comment valoriser les compétences liées à la mobilité internationale ? Analyse de l’efficacité communicationnelle de l’Europass Mobilité
Authors: Brassier-Rodrigues Cécilia
Published: January 2017

Dans le contexte actuel de professionnalisation croissante des formations universitaires, la valorisation de la mobilité internationale des étudiants revêt une importance capitale. L’Europass Mobilité est un outil qui permet « à quiconque effectue une expérience de mobilité dans un pays européen, quel que soit son âge ou son niveau d’éducation, de consigner les savoirs et compétences acquis dans un autre pays européen ». Il a pour objectif d’accompagner la validation et la reconnaissance des compétences liées à la mobilité internationale. Mais qu’en est-il dans la réalité ? Dans cet article, après avoir défini le lien entre la mobilité internationale, le contexte d’apprentissage et les compétences acquises, nous analyserons l’efficacité communicationnelle de l’Europass Mobilité, sur la base de deux enquêtes qualitatives exploratoires : l’une réalisée auprès de 8 entreprises françaises et l’autre auprès de 104 étudiants de licence et de master ayant réalisé une mobilité internationale ou sur le point de partir en semestre d’étude ou en stage à l’   étranger.
Mobilités et compétences en langues étrangères et dans le domaine interculturel : outils et réflexions pour la description, l’   évaluation et la reconnaissance de ces compétences
Authors: Blons-Pierre Catherine
Published: January 2017

Entre la mise en place du programme d’action de l’Union européenne pour la mobilité des étudiants Erasmus (European Community Action Scheme for Mobility of University Students) en 1987 et celle du programme Socrates concernant l’enseignement supérieur en 1994, la mobilité des étudiants s’est développée et ne cesse de se développer dans un contexte de mondialisation et de crise économique. Des outils permettant une plus grande transparence et une comparabilité des enseignements, comme le système des trois cycles Licence-Master-Doctorat (LMD), celui des unités capitalisables transférables ECTS ou encore le Cadre européen des certifications (CEC) sont venus progressivement renforcer le dispositif. Désormais, les étudiants ont la possibilité de s’inscrire dans une université à l’   étranger et de faire reconnaître leur parcours académique dans la discipline qu’ils ont choisi d’étudier. Ils peuvent donc faire valider, par exemple, une partie du programme LMD qu’ils ont suivie hors de leur université d’origine. Ils peuvent également en plus, parfois, faire valider des connaissances et des compétences acquises en langues étrangères mais cela reste soumis au bon vouloir de leur université d’origine. Que dire alors de toutes les compétences transversales et interculturelles qu’ils acquièrent, non sans effort, lors de leur séjour à l’   étranger ? Elles ne sont absolument pas reconnues, d’autant plus qu’elles sont acquises le plus souvent dans un cadre informel. Que faudrait-il donc pour arriver à les faire reconnaître et valider ? Il faudrait tout d’abord identifier ces compé­tences spécifiques développées par l’   étudiant de mobilité, puis les décrire, les illustrer et enfin permettre à l’   étudiant par le biais d’une évaluation/autoévaluation de les mettre en valeur grâce à un portfolio spécifique digital, par exemple. L’   étude qui suit propose quelques réflexions, outils, pistes et bonnes pratiques transférables dans le contexte de l’   étudiant de mobilité.
Histoire de la formation, formation de l’histoire
Authors: Palazzeschi Yves
Published: December 2016

Yves Palazzeschi est maître de conférences en sciences de l’éducation à l’université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, actuellement en fonction à l’Institut des Sciences sociales du travail. Il exerce depuis plus de 25 ans dans le domaine de la formation de formateurs. Ses activités de recherche portent sur l’histoire de la formation ; il a publié, en 1998, Introduction à me sociologie de la formation. Anthologie de textes français 1944-1994 (2 volumes) chez L’Harmattan, et récemment « Le passé composé de la formation. Un abécédaire historique » ( Cadres CFDT , n° 405-406, juillet 2003, 15-21).
Les interactions utilisateur-environnement hypermédia en situation réelle de formation
Authors: Leblanc Serge , Sève Carole , Saury Jacques , Durand Marc
Published: December 2016

Cet article propose une présentation critique des différentes approches des interactions utilisateur-environnement hypermédia repérables dans la littérature, et développe une approche cognitive et ergonomique située de ces interactions qui accorde un primat au point de vue et aux significations de l’acteur. Le cadre théorique et méthodologique permettant d’appréhender le cours d’action des acteurs en situation naturelle est présenté et quelques résultats concernant des formes typiques d’interactions utilisateur-environnement hypermédia sont exposées.
L’incitateur andragogique. Pour une meilleure compréhension des enjeux dans les formations adultes et les formations en ligne
Authors: Simonian Stéphane
Published: December 2016

Nous allons centrer ce travail sur ce que les étudiants de licence en Sciences de l’éducation ont appelé « incitateur » lors des entretiens menés avec la méthode d’explicitation d’une action de Vermersch (1974). Les adultes en formation, sujets des entretiens, n’ont pas pour unique objectif la recherche d’aptitudes professionnelles mais la recherche d’une réflexion ainsi que d’une compréhension de leur parcours professionnel. L’incitateur va permettre de comprendre les enjeux de la formation des adultes ainsi que les atouts de la formation en ligne (inciter à la réflexion), et la nécessité de synergie avec des cours en présentiel (structurer la réflexion, mémoriser).
Transformational leadership, work-family conflict and enrichment, and commitment
Authors: Gillet Nicolas , Fouquereau Evelyne , Huyghebaert Tiphaine , Vandenberghe Christian
Published: January 2017

Bien que les liens entre le leadership transformationnel et l’attachement organisationnel soient bien documentés, peu de recherches ont été menées sur les mécanismes explicatifs de ces relations. Dans cette étude, nous proposons que les relations entre le leadership transformationnel et l’attachement organisationnel soient médiées par le conflit et l’enrichissement travail-famille. Un questionnaire a été distribué à 600 salariés (225 hommes et 375 femmes) de plusieurs entreprises françaises. Des analyses en équations structurelles ont montré que les relations entre le leadership transformationnel et quatre composantes de l’attachement organisationnel (i.e., attachement affectif, attachement normatif, attachement par sacrifice perçu et attachement par manque d’alternatives) sont partiellement médiées par le conflit et l’enrichissement travail-famille. En adoptant des comportements de leadership transformationnel, les managers peuvent améliorer les interactions entre les sphères professionnelle et privée et indirectement faciliter le développement de formes positives d’attachement organisationnel (attachement affectif, attachement normatif, attachement par sacrifice perçu), tout en réduisant le conflit travail-famille et l’attachement par manque d’alternatives.
Disseminated Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis Status Post Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Morcellation
Authors: Anand Neil , Handler Marci , Khan Ahsan , Wagreich Allison , Calhoun Sean
Published: December 2016

Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are common benign neoplasms, which develop from the muscular tissue of the uterus with an estimated incidence of 20-40% in women of reproductive age. In the early nineties, power morcellators were introduced and became commonly used during hysterectomy for symptomatic fibroids. However, if all fragments are not removed, they may parasitize to other blood supply and present as abdominal or pelvic masses.  Unfortunate cases have also been reported in which uterine sarcomas seeded throughout the abdomen and pelvis secondary to morcellation. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) estimates that 1 in 350 women undergoing hysterectomy or myomectomy for fibroids is found to have an unsuspected uterine sarcoma. As a result, the FDA issued a press release in 2014 discouraging the use of power morcellators. Recently, the FDA approved a new containment device, the PneumoLiner, for use with certain power morcellation devices. However, it is unknown if this device will help to reduce the risk of seeding fibroids and unsuspected uterine malignancies. We present a case in which a patient who underwent morcellation therapy for symptomatic fibroids presented with recurrent abdominal and pelvic leiomyomas mimicking malignancy.
L’usage par les juges allemands de la connaissance scientifique sur la dangerosité des pesticides et des ondes électromagnétiques
Authors: Kresse Bernhard
Published: December 2016

Cet article propose une analyse de l’usage par les juges allemands de la connaissance scientifique sur la dangerosité des pesticides et des ondes électromagnétiques. Il va de soi que les juridictions doivent dans tous les cas recourir au savoir scientifique, mais la question est celle de savoir comment établir ce savoir dans le procès. En ce qui concerne les contentieux administratifs, les juges ont tendance à suivre les résultats et évaluations de l’autorité administrative compétente. Au cas où il existe des valeurs limites officielles établies par les autorités administratives spécialisées en la matière, les juridictions, en matière civile ainsi qu’administrative, vont pourtant appliquer ces valeurs. Les expertises judiciaires, par contre, ne sont généralement utilisées que pour confirmer le résultat trouvé par l’autorité administrative compétente ou par l’application des valeurs limites des autorités administratives spécialisées. Si une expertise judiciaire n’est pas en conformité avec ces données, le juge va en général argumenter que l’expertise judiciaire n’est pas convaincante.
L’élaboration de la norme législative et la prise en compte du savoir scientifique
Authors: Lahorgue Marie-Béatrice
Published: December 2016

 «La controverse autour du principe de précaution « versus principe d’innovation » est au cœur de différents débats législatifs (OGM, ondes électromagnétiques, nanomatériaux, risques chimiques, perturbateurs endocriniens…). Cet article propose des clés de lecture de la prise en compte du savoir scientifique dans l’élaboration de la norme législative à travers l’illustration du débat parlementaire relatif à la loi dite ondes du 9 février 2015 dont l’adoption fut quelque peu tumultueuse. Ce parcours législatif témoigne de deux occasions manquées pour le législateur : avoir fait preuve, d’une part, d’innovation dans la fabrique de la loi en appliquant le principe de précaution à un secteur marqué par la prégnance de l’incertitude scientifique et, d’autre part, d’audace en appliquant dans le même temps le principe ALARA (traditionnellement réservés aux rayonnements ionisants) aux ondes électromagnétiques (rayonnements non-ionisants).

The controversy surrounding the precautionary principle “Versus the principle of Innovation” is at the center of different legislative debates (GMO, electromagnetic waves, nano materials, chemical risks, endocrine disruptors...). This article proposes reading tools on the basis of scientific knowledge to understand the elaboration of legislative norms illustrated by the parliamentary debate on electromagnetic waves on February 9, 2015, whose adoption was somewhat tumultuous. This legislative process reflects two missed opportunities for the legislator : to prove, firstly, the innovation in the construction of the law by applying the precautionary principle to a sector marked by the predominance of scientific uncertainty and, secondly, the boldness by applying at the same time the ALARA principle (traditionally reserved for ionizing radiation) to electromagnetic waves (non-ionizing radiation).
La Cour européenne des droits de l’homme et le traitement de la connaissance scientifique sur la nocivité des ondes électromagnétiques, produits chimiques et autres activités polluantes
Authors: Lambert Abdelgawad Elisabeth
Published: December 2016

Cet article propose une lecture critique de l’appréhension de la connaissance scientifique ou de son absence par la CourEDH dans le contentieux sanitaire et environnemental. Il révèle que la position de la Cour se décline en deux catégories principales : 1) l’hypothèse la plus simple d’expertises unanimes réalisées en interne ou l’existence de seuils réglementaires ; 2) l’hypothèse compliquée pour la Cour de controverse scientifique ou d’absence de connaissance scientifique sur les effets sur la santé des activités dangereuses, cas de figure dans lesquels la Cour ne cherche pas à approfondir la connaissance manquante, mais, bien au contraire, se retranche, solution certes de facilité, derrière la marge d’appréciation. Cette étude appelle à s’interroger sur le maintien du raisonnement par causalité et surtout sur le refus d’une Cour des droits de l’homme de rendre la justice en s’équipant des données scientifiques nécessaires afin de trancher les litiges portés par des victimes en quête de justice.
Radiofréquences et santé : améliorer l’évaluation des risques
Authors: Merckel Olivier , Fite Johanna , Roth-Delgado Olivia
Published: December 2016

La mutation permanente des applications des technologies sans fil utilisant les radiofréquences s’accompagne de questionnements, aussi bien de la part des usagers qui les utilisent ou qui y sont exposés, que dans la sphère scientifique. Cet article propose d’explorer l’évolution réglementaire qui encadre les technologies sans fil au regard du développement des connaissances liées à l’exposition aux champs électromagnétiques radiofréquences et aux effets sanitaires qui pourraient y être associés. Le cadre réglementaire dans ce domaine peut être vu comme un reflet des connaissances et incertitudes scientifiques, sur lequel se construisent des dispositions héritées de la législation européenne (Directive 1999/5/CE) ou d’application du principe de précaution (Loi n° 2015-136 du 9 février 2015 relative à la sobriété, à la transparence, à l'information et à la concertation en matière d'exposition aux ondes électromagnétiques), par exemple. Même si les controverses publiques autour de la question des effets sanitaires liés à l’exposition aux champs électromagnétiques ne reflètent pas forcément les niveaux de preuve scientifique de leur existence, elles ont poussé à renforcer la structuration et la description des méthodes d’évaluation des risques dans ce domaine. Cet effort permet de mieux faire émerger les types d’incertitude scientifique qui accompagnent les évaluations de risque (manque de connaissances, données contradictoires, etc.) et ainsi affiner les mesures de gestion ou évolutions réglementaires éventuelles.
Studies of Flipping Classes with Asian Students
Authors: Loucky John Paul
Published: January 2017

This chapter offers definitions of “Flipping Classes” (FC), which are classes that shift learning responsibility towards students and employ more media outside of class to help learners prepare to contribute more during classroom time. Its primary purpose is to increase student engagement by the wiser use of CALL, TELL and SMALL (Social Media Enhanced Language Learning). In support of these aims, this chapter examines “Flipped Classroom” instruction with the purpose of mining applications and websites that can help teachers flip their classes more effectively. Using FC, students are more engaged and enjoy preparing for their lessons out of class. They also gain confidence and communication skills as they present in class. Various definitions and examples of flipped classes will be presented, and its educational aims discussed.
Gain Time and Differentiate to Meet Student Needs in University Learning Environments
Authors: Rosen Lauren Beth , Maeda Magara , Roberts Natalia
Published: January 2017

Flipped learning is a way to regain lost time and provide support for students where they really need it. This became especially apparent in Interactive Two-way Videoconference (ITV) based distance courses where lost time and difficulties differentiating for students across multiple campuses created great frustration. Language educators are very accustomed to and comfortable with students working in groups and pairs, unlike other disciplines, to problem solve, think critically and develop content. This chapter discusses how Russian and Japanese instructors moved the “fact learning” parts of lessons to independent study while increasing opportunities for students to practice creating with the language in a supported teacher-guided environment. In the process, they regained lost time to focus on increasing student proficiency, addressed specific student misconceptions, and more easily differentiated instruction to meet student learning styles.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set Theory with Fair Share CPU Scheduler
Authors: Raheja Supriya
Published: January 2017

CPU Scheduler is one of the crucial modules of any operating system. Operating system uses CPU schedulers based on the requirements. Fair Share CPU scheduler is preferable scheduler by many operating systems. It distributes fixed processor time amongst different parts of a system like groups, users etc. Fixed distribution of processor time can distress the performance of system. Moreover, traditional CPU schedulers ignore the impreciseness and uncertainty of the tasks. This work presents the Intuitionistic Fuzzy based Fair Share scheduler (IFFS). IFFS scheduler has extended the research in the field of the impreciseness of tasks. Intuitionistic Fuzzy Inference Systems, IFIS-DP and IFIS-DCS have been designed to share the CPU time dynamically and for assigning dynamic priority to each task. Experimental results prove the better performance of IFFS scheduler over FS scheduler.
Analyzing and Studying the Selection Tests based on their Capabilities in Evaluation of Various Jobs Proficiencies and Abilities
Authors: Abdolshah Mohamamd , Farazmand Nahid , Mollaaghamirzaei Ali , Eshragh Fateme , Nezhad Khashayar Ghadiri
Published: January 2017

Nowadays, finding qualified labor force among the job applicants is one of the main problems in organizations and companies, so employee selection is one of the main challenges in human resource management. In this case, the variety of methods and tests has been represented and used in order to evaluate the employees' abilities up to now. However, determining the best selection methods according to the job requirements is one of the basic challenges in organizations and companies. In this chapter, different selection methods and their capabilities have been studied in order to assess various job abilities. The results, of this research, showed that the methods such as Assessment centers have significantly assessed a persons' job abilities, however we should pay attention to some parameters such as time, cost, the method's validity, and moral and legal aspects for an appropriate selection method.
A Post-Bureaucratic Age?
Authors: McSweeney Brendan
Published: January 2017

This chapter rejects the claim that the replacement of bureaucracy by post-bureaucratic has become inevitable. It interrogates the claim in a number of ways: by unpacking the notion that each age has a unitary mode organizing and instead argues that there is pluralism; by illustrating that past organization was not purely bureaucratic; by arguing that explosive growth of information communications technologies has not only enabled post-bureaucratisation but also bureaucratic intensification; by separating out a number of elided terms such as ‘modernization' and post-bureaucratisation; by demonstrating the confirmation bias employed by some leading post-bureaucratic age aficionados; and by providing evidence from diverse social arena and territories of bureaucratic intensification. It concludes that whilst there may be a positive role for the notion of post-bureaucracy as an ideal which may aid in illuminating and constraining excesses of bureaucracy, the wholesale replacement of bureaucracy by non-bureaucracy is unrealized and unrealizable.
Social Organization, Social Tools
Authors: Moretti Gaia
Published: January 2017

The social organization, the “Enterprise 2.0” (McAfee, 2006) is literally the organization where social software and platforms are daily used. Technology is (or should be) considered as an enabling platform of learning and collaboration in several functional areas; the communication and marketing area can probably have more benefits from a social approach. How can company's members learn to work in this new context? With which results? Are social tools comprised and used in organizations today, or are they only new tools suspiciously looked at by the organization's members? This chapter is focused on the identification of the edges that usually obstruct the process of creating and developing a social organization, particularly on the cultural issues influencing the organizational processes.
Challenges and Issues in Web-Based Information Retrieval System
Authors: Sathiyamoorthi V.
Published: January 2017

It is generally observed throughout the world that in the last two decades, while the average speed of computers has almost doubled in a span of around eighteen months, the average speed of the network has doubled merely in a span of just eight months! In order to improve the performance, more and more researchers are focusing their research in the field of computers and its related technologies. Internet is one such technology that plays a major role in simplifying the information sharing and retrieval. World Wide Web (WWW) is one such service provided by the Internet. It acts as a medium for sharing of information. As a result, millions of applications run on the Internet and cause increased network traffic and put a great demand on the available network infrastructure.
Reducing Poverty and Sustaining Growth
Authors: Nisha Nabila , Rifat Afrin
Published: January 2017

Microfinance institutions have been effective rural banking channels that extended financial services to low-income individuals, particularly women in developing country settings. Since its inception, microfinance has evolved as an economic development approach and has grown to enormous scale in Bangladesh, with a reported approximate 23 million borrowers in a country of roughly 150 million people. These numbers reveal the highest population saturation of microfinance in any country. However, with the maturity of the microfinance market in recent years, competition has subsequently increased among various financial and non-financial institutions. Against this backdrop of intense competition, this chapter aims to focus on the current institutions of Bangladesh that has made the microfinance service almost a sole option for the downtrodden segment of the low-income society. In particular, various approaches of microfinance and its operational structure by these institutions including the challenges and attributions of a dynamic micro credit concept will be highlighted.
Empowering High-Needs Students With Problem-Based Learning Through Mobile Technology
Authors: Herring Jessica
Published: January 2017

With nearly ubiquitous access to mobile technology in the classroom, differentiation can become more seamless and student-driven, and students can focus on solving problems and developing life skills rather than recalling and regurgitating content-focused material. The cognitive focus of the classroom shifts from the lower levels of Bloom's Taxonomy to the highest levels of analysis and synthesis, as students are asked to create, improve, revise, and design. Implementing this model of problem-based learning can be transformational in the classroom; however, high-needs students struggle with the challenge at first. High-needs students are often asked to complete the lowest cognitive tasks. While they may be exhilarated by the challenge of problem-based learning, they may also struggle to improve and revise because of the stigma of failure they have experienced in previous academic endeavors.
Mobile Apps in Open Educational Resources
Authors: Xiu Ying , Fulgencio Jose L. , Asino Tutaleni I. , Baker Alesha D.
Published: January 2017

Globally, those who have traditionally been adversely impacted by the digital divide due to lack of access to computing technologies such as desktop computers, are also the ones who have been shown to have high adoption of mobile devices. If open educational resources (OER) are to have the envisaged wide impact, it is necessary to look at the role mobile applications and mobile app markets play in the OER movement. In this chapter, we link mobile applications and OER and discuss the role mobile app markets play in facilitating open-access learning initiatives. This is done by exploring OER and mobile learning definitions, benefits, and barriers; and comparing and contrasting mobile apps across a set of variables including purpose and resource format.
Between Davos and Porto Alegre
Authors: Magala Slawomir Jan
Published: January 2017

Surfing contemporary media communications allows us to notice the names of a Swiss town of Davos and a Brazilian city of Porto Alegre. They stand for two different strategies of pursuing knowledge, allocating it to social institutions and organizing social learning processes. The first is for the rich and powerful. The second is for the poor and powerless. Both symbolize global class struggles, also in producing and applying knowledge, which is the fastest growing human resource. What if we apply the idea of a democratic entrepreneurship and explore contemporary possibilities of information and communication technologies from the point of social learning processes? Can improved learning be imagined as the only sustainable guideline in the longer run? Can primitive accumulation of knowledge give way prevent costly cognitive failures?
Local Public Enterprise Business Model as Multiple Value Creation System
Authors: Staszewska Beata Maria
Published: January 2017

This chapter demonstrates that the local public business model is a phenomenon connected with the multiple value creation system. The primary objective of this study is to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how local public companies may build their business models and simultaneously create new values for customers, stakeholders, and society. The study examines the links between the business model, multiple value creation, business ecosystems with regards to public enterprise. The present study analyses the business model of the local public enterprise in Poland. The findings describe the multiple value creation system from different perspectives and allow for delineating the public business model framework in the tourism industry. Profound understanding of values perception from many perspectives may bring the local public enterprise business model as complex phenomenon closer to recognition.
Antigenic Determinants of Der p 1: Specificity and Cross-Reactivity Associated with IgE Antibody Recognition
Authors: Glesner Jill , Vailes Lisa D. , Schlachter Caleb , Mank Nicholas , Minor Wladek , Osinski Tomasz , Chruszcz Maksymilian , Chapman Martin D. , Pomés Anna
Published: December 2016

Der p 1 and Der f 1 are major allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, respectively. An analysis of antigenic determinants on both allergens was performed by site-directed mutagenesis. The analysis was based on the x-ray crystal structures of the allergens in complex with Fab fragments of three murine mAbs that interfere with IgE Ab binding: the two Der p 1–specific mAbs 5H8 and 10B9, and the cross-reactive mAb 4C1. On one hand, selected residues in the epitopes for mAb 5H8 and mAb 4C1 were substituted with amino acids that resulted in impaired Ab binding to Der p 1. On the other hand, an epitope for the Der p 1–specific mAb 10B9, which partially overlaps with mAb 4C1, was created in Der f 1. The mutation of 1–3 aa residues in Der f 1 was sufficient to bind mAb 10B9. These residues form hydrogen bonds with CDRs of the Ab other than H CDR3. This observation unveils an exception to the dominant role of H CDR3 commonly observed in Ag recognition. Overall, this study resulted in the identification of important residues for mAb and IgE Ab recognition in group 1 mite allergens. This information can be used to engineer allergen mutants with reduced IgE Ab binding for immunotherapy.
Sublytic C5b-9 Induces Glomerular Mesangial Cell Apoptosis through the Cascade Pathway of MEKK2–p38 MAPK–IRF-1–TRADD–Caspase 8 in Rat Thy-1 Nephritis
Authors: Zhu Ganqian , Qiu Wen , Li Yongting , Zhao Chenhui , He Fengxia , Zhou Mengya , Wang Lulu , Zhao Dan , Lu Yanlai , Zhang Jing , Liu Yu , Yu Tianyi , Wang Yingwei
Published: December 2016

The apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in the early phase of rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N), a model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), is primarily triggered by sublytic C5b-9. However, the mechanism of GMC apoptosis induced by sublytic C5b-9 remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that expressions of TNFR1-associated death domain–containing protein (TRADD) and IFN regulatory factor–1 (IRF-1) were simultaneously upregulated in the renal tissue of Thy-1N rats (in vivo) and in GMCs under sublytic C5b-9 stimulation (in vitro). In vitro, TRADD was confirmed to be a downstream gene of IRF-1, because IRF-1 could bind to TRADD gene promoter to promote its transcription, leading to caspase 8 activation and GMC apoptosis. Increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was verified to contribute to IRF-1 and TRADD production and caspase 8 activation, as well as to GMC apoptosis induced by sublytic C5b-9. Furthermore, phosphorylation of MEK kinase 2 (MEKK2) mediated p38 MAPK activation. More importantly, three sites (Ser153/164/239) of MEKK2 phosphorylation were identified and demonstrated to be necessary for p38 MAPK activation. In addition, silencing of renal MEKK2, IRF-1, and TRADD genes or inhibition of p38 MAPK activation in vivo had obvious inhibitory effects on GMC apoptosis, secondary proliferation, and urinary protein secretion in rats with Thy-1N. Collectively, these findings indicate that the cascade axis of MEKK2–p38 MAPK–IRF-1–TRADD–caspase 8 may play an important role in GMC apoptosis following exposure to sublytic C5b-9 in rat Thy-1N.
Allergen Valency, Dose, and FcεRI Occupancy Set Thresholds for Secretory Responses to Pen a 1 and Motivate Design of Hypoallergens
Authors: Mahajan Avanika , Youssef Lama A. , Cleyrat Cédric , Grattan Rachel , Lucero Shayna R. , Mattison Christopher P. , Erasmus M. Frank , Jacobson Bruna , Tapia Lydia , Hlavacek William S. , Schuyler Mark , Wilson Bridget S.
Published: December 2016

Ag-mediated crosslinking of IgE–FcεRI complexes activates mast cells and basophils, initiating the allergic response. Of 34 donors recruited having self-reported shrimp allergy, only 35% had significant levels of shrimp-specific IgE in serum and measurable basophil secretory responses to rPen a 1 (shrimp tropomyosin). We report that degranulation is linked to the number of FcεRI occupied with allergen-specific IgE, as well as the dose and valency of Pen a 1. Using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat–based gene editing, human RBLrαKO cells were created that exclusively express the human FcεRIα subunit. Pen a 1–specific IgE was affinity purified from shrimp-positive plasma. Cells primed with a range of Pen a 1–specific IgE and challenged with Pen a 1 showed a bell-shaped dose response for secretion, with optimal Pen a 1 doses of 0.1–10 ng/ml. Mathematical modeling provided estimates of receptor aggregation kinetics based on FcεRI occupancy with IgE and allergen dose. Maximal degranulation was elicited when ∼2700 IgE–FcεRI complexes were occupied with specific IgE and challenged with Pen a 1 (IgE epitope valency of ≥8), although measurable responses were achieved when only a few hundred FcεRI were occupied. Prolonged periods of pepsin-mediated Pen a 1 proteolysis, which simulates gastric digestion, were required to diminish secretory responses. Recombinant fragments (60–79 aa), which together span the entire length of tropomyosin, were weak secretagogues. These fragments have reduced dimerization capacity, compete with intact Pen a 1 for binding to IgE–FcεRI complexes, and represent a starting point for the design of promising hypoallergens for immunotherapy.
Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on the Memory and Activation Profiles of B Cells in HIV-Infected African Women
Authors: Tanko Ramla F. , Soares Andreia P. , Müller Tracey L. , Garrett Nigel J. , Samsunder Natasha , Abdool Karim Quarraisha , Abdool Karim Salim S. , Riou Catherine , Burgers Wendy A.
Published: December 2016

Human immunodeficiency virus infection induces a wide range of effects in B cells, including skewed memory cell differentiation, compromised B cell function, and hypergammaglobulinemia. However, data on the extent to which these B cell abnormalities can be reversed by antiretroviral therapy (ART) are limited. To investigate the effect of ART on B cells, the activation (CD86) and differentiation (IgD, CD27, and CD38) profiles of B cells were measured longitudinally in 19 HIV-infected individuals before (median, 2 mo) and after ART initiation (median, 12 mo) and compared with 19 age-matched HIV-uninfected individuals using flow cytometry. Twelve months of ART restored the typical distribution of B cell subsets, increasing the proportion of naive B cells (CD27−IgD+CD38−) and concomitantly decreasing the immature transitional (CD27−IgD+CD38+), unswitched memory (CD27+IgD+CD38−), switched memory (CD27+IgD−CD38− or CD27−IgD−CD38−), and plasmablast (CD27+IgD−CD38high) subsets. However, B cell activation was only partially normalized post-ART, with the frequency of activated B cells (CD86+CD40+) reduced compared with pre-ART levels (p = 0.0001), but remaining significantly higher compared with HIV-uninfected individuals (p = 0.0001). Interestingly, unlike for T cell activation profiles, the extent of B cell activation prior to ART did not correlate with HIV plasma viral load, but positively associated with plasma sCD14 levels (p = 0.01, r = 0.58). Overall, ART partially normalizes the skewed B cell profiles induced by HIV, with some activation persisting. Understanding the effects of HIV on B cell dysfunction and restoration following ART may provide important insights into the mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis.
Anti-musk positive myasthenia gravis and three semiological cardinal signs
Authors: Matta André P.C. , Ferreira Ana C. Andorinho F. , Kirmse Arielle , Damm Anna Carolina , Farinhas João Gabriel D.I.B. , Barbosa Mariane D. , Teles Mayara C.M. , Fiorelli Camila , Fiorelli Rossano , Nascimento Osvaldo J.M. , Orsini Marco
Published: January 2017

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a relatively uncommon disorder with an annual incidence of approximately 7 to 9 new cases per million. The prevalence is about 70 to 165 per million. The prevalence of the disease has been increasing over the past five decades. This is thought to be due to better recognition of the condition, aging of the population, and the longer life span of affected patients. MG causes weakness, predominantly in bulbar, facial, and extra-ocular muscles, often fluctuating over minutes to weeks, in the absence of wasting, sensory loss, or reflex changes. The picture of fluctuating, asymmetric external ophthalmoplegia with ptosis and weak eye closure is virtually diagnostic of myasthenia. We report an atypical MG case with three semiological cardinal signs.
The Effect of Charophyte Communities on Phosphorus Flow in Lake Shinji, Japan
Authors: Komuro Takashi , Kamiya Hiroshi , Yamamuro Masumi , Seike Yasushi
Published: January 2017

Charophytes are a group of aquatic algae similar to vascular plants; they play an important role in the nutrient cycling of lakes. Specifically, under eutrophication, charophytes have a greater capacity for phosphorus accumulation than vascular plants. During their development, charophytes accumulate calcium within their structures, along with dissolved phosphorus from the water column. The calcified structures are deposited onto the lakebed after the death of the plant, with phosphorus co-precipitating with calcium, limiting its return to the water. Lake Shinji is one of many lakes in Japan where the charophyte population is in decline or extinct. Using aerial photographs acquired 70 years ago, we estimate the extent of the historical charophyte community in Lake Shinji, and quantitatively evaluate and examine the extent to which charophytes accumulated phosphorus in the lake sediment. The amount of phosphorus accumulated by the charophyte community in Lake Shinji is estimated to be 0.56-25.5 t P y-1. Charophytes are not found in Lake Shinji today, and although various species of vascular plants have recolonised the lake, no significant improvement in water transparency has been observed. This study concludes that charophytes are likely to be a more effective measure in combating eutrophication than vascular plants.
Analysis of Determinants of Split Ratings and Rating Conservativeness between Japanese and US Credit Rating Agencies
Authors: Shimizu Yoshiki , Lee Junghee , Takei Hideki
Published: January 2017

In the previous paper, we confirmed the existence of the split ratings between Japanese and US credit rating agencies (CRAs). Our study did not support early studies suggesting that the split ratings were merely random occurrences. Rather, our findings suggested that the split ratings occurring between Japanese and US CRAs were not random and frequently occurring. The Japanese CRA assigned less conservative ratings than the US CRAs. In this paper, we performed the multivariate regression analysis to find variables which would differentiate the degree of rating conservativeness. Our samples were 192 Japanese companies which were assigned their ratings by Japanese and US credit rating agencies. We used 10-year bond ratings of these companies from 2000 and 2009. Our data sources were Nikkei NEEDS-Financial Quest for Japanese ratings and financial information and Thomson Reuters Datastream for US ratings. All financial data of the 192 firms were collected from Nikkei NEEDS-Financial Quest. According to our findings, Japanese agency seems to put higher weight on ROA than US agencies while all agencies seem to use variables such as asset, liquidity, and leverage to assign ratings. We assume that this is the main variable that has differentiated the degree of rating conservativeness.
Intellectual Capital & Firm Performance: An Empirical Study on the Oil & Gas Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Kharal Mina , Abrar Muhammad , Zia-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Sarfraz Khan Muhammad , Kharal Maria
Published: January 2017

Knowledge has become power now a days and organization in the ever changing world now a day consider knowledge and intellect of tier employees as a competitive edge which enables such organizations to compete effectively in the marketplace. The literature in the domain of intellectual capital management has received considerable evidence as to whether the intellectual capital contributes towards the firm performance and value or not. This study extends the evidence in this regard by conducting research on Oil & Gas sector of Pakistan.Using VAIC model of intellectual capital measurement and ROA, ROE, EPS, Sales growth ad M/B ratio as proxies of internal and external performance of the company this study documents a positive impact of intellectual capital on the organizational performance and value in the Oil & Gas sector of Pakistan. Thus, intellectual capital could be considered an intangible asset and spending with regard to the development and establishment of intellectual capita should be considered asset with long term value. Recommendations and implications of the study are also provided in the end.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS RELACIONADAS AO TRANSPORTE INDIVIDUAL E COLETIVO E SEUS IMPACTOS SOBRE INDICADORES DE SAÚDE E AMBIENTE EM UBERLÂNDIA, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Cunha Paolla Brandão da , Silva Guilherme Gomes , Pereira Boscolli Barbosa
Published: January 2017

O trânsito na área urbana de Uberlândia torna‑se a cada dia mais desorganizadoe inseguro, comprometendo a qualidade de vida da população e afetando asegurança e a saúde das pessoas devido aos diversos conflitos e às emissõesde poluentes oriundos do elevado tráfego de automóveis. O presente trabalhoobjetivou habilitar o Modelo FPEEEA (OMS) como instrumento de análisedos impactos das políticas públicas relacionadas direta e/ou indiretamenteaos sistemas de transporte coletivo e individual na saúde da população deUberlândia, MG. Os dados para elaboração da matriz foram levantados embases de dados da literatura científica e de domínio público virtual. Foramselecionados indicadores para a identificação das forças motrizes (FM) epressões (P). Para cada nível da matriz foram identificadas e relacionadasações (A) de atenção e vigilância em saúde ambiental, que podem contribuirpara as decisões e gerenciamento de riscos associados à vigilância emsaúde ambiental.
COMPOSTAGEM: UMA NECESSIDADE DOS CENTROS URBANOS
Authors: Polzer Verônica Rosária
Published: January 2017

O artigo analisa como os centros urbanos enfrentam o problema dos resíduossólidos orgânicos provenientes de domicílios, restaurantes, feiras livres,hortifrutigranjeiros, supermercados e outros. O destino desse material paraa compostagem pode contribuir diretamente para o aumento da vida útil dosaterros sanitários. Além disso, a aplicação do composto em telhados verdes,jardins verticais, praças, hortas e canteiros públicos ou privados pode incidir namelhora da qualidade do espaço urbano e do aspecto paisagístico dos bairros,além de contribuir para a redução das ilhas de calor, e aumento do confortotérmico em edifícios. Como estudo de caso serão apresentados dois modelosde compostagem em larga escala, uma em São Paulo e outra em Vancouver.O objetivo é apresentar alternativas de aproveitamento dos resíduos orgânicos,de modo a desviar esse material dos aterros sanitários, por meio de técnicas decompostagem acelerada cujo composto pode ser utilizado em hortas urbanas,telhados verdes, além de conter valor comercial. Para desenvolvimento doartigo e obtenção dos objetivos estabelecidos foram consideradas análisesquantitativas, por meio de visitas técnicas à usina de compostagem da Lapaem São Paulo, à usina de compostagem acelerada em Vancouver e a hortasurbanas como, por exemplo, a Horta das Corujas; e qualitativas, considerando aanálise de técnicas consagradas utilizadas para compostagem urbana de forma aidentificar as que se adequam às características limitadas de espaço das cidades.
GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS DE CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL: ESTUDO DE CASO EM EMPREENDIMENTOS COMERCIAL E RESIDENCIAL EM LONDRINA (PR)
Authors: Scalone Paola Arima , Souza Sueli Tavares de Melo , Figueiredo Edilene Sarge
Published: January 2017

Com o crescimento do setor da construção civil, a exploração de matériaprimaaumenta, assim como os impactos ambientais causados aos recursosnaturais. Além disso, a problemática desse setor envolve desde o desperdícioaté a segregação incorreta nas obras, contribuindo para o aumento daquantidade de resíduos. Por isso, é necessário que seja realizado um Planode Gerenciamento de Resíduos da Construção Civil (PGRCC). O objetivoprincipal do presente trabalho foi proporcionar melhorias ao gerenciamentode resíduos da construção civil (RCCs) por meio do monitoramento doPGRCC em dois empreendimentos, um comercial e outro residencial.O monitoramento consistiu em visitas semanais e tinha como instrumento oPlano de Ação, documento para registro das não conformidades e ações parasolucioná-las. O empreendimento comercial teve eficiência maior do Planode Ação, porém no residencial houve maior eficácia. Nos empreendimentoshavia política de reciclagem; assim, o PGRCC cumpriu seu objetivo deminimizar os impactos causados pela construção civil.
Efectos geomorfológicos del tsunami de Chile de 2010 frente a la zona de máximo slip, revelados por imágenes satelitales y observaciones de campo: El caso del litoral arenoso La Trinchera, Región del Maule
Authors: Araya Cornejo Cristian , Carvajal Matías
Published: January 2017

El análisis de imágenes satelitales junto a observaciones de campo, permitieron la identificación y descripción de las consecuencias geomorfológicas que dejó el tsunami de Chile de 2010 en el litoral arenoso La Trinchera, ubicado frente a la zona de máximo slip del terremoto que lo generó. El tsunami abrió breaches y construyó abanicos en cordones litorales y dunas; erosionó dunas vegetadas y formó pedestales; hizo retroceder la línea de costa un centenar de metros; formó flood scours de hasta 350 metros de largo en la ribera sur de los ríos Malaquita y Huenchullami; y erosionó casi en su totalidad la barra litoral del estuario del río Mataquito y parte de la barra del río Huenchullami. Los efectos directos del tsunami y la extensión de su inundación, fueroncontrolados por el tipo de duna dominante, en este caso, las familias de los barjanes y de dunas parabólicas. Con el tiempo se generaron fenómenos cómo la proliferación de aspersiones, transformaciones en la morfología de dunas y la rápida recuperación de la barra del estuario del río Mataquito. Todos estos procesos sugieren una alteración en el intercambio de sedimentos en el sistema playa-duna.