bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of potential threats to national security of the Russian Federation related to possible use of biological weapons by international terrorists
Authors: Kobetc Peter
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzes the potential threat to the national security of the Rus-sian Federation associated with the use of biological active substances by interna-tional terrorist organizations. The relevance of the work is caused by the fact that at the beginning of the new Millennium, domestic and foreign scientific sources do not stop actively discussing the problems associated with the possible use of biological weapons to commit a terrorist attack. In the course of the research, the author makes an important conclusion that a system that counteracts acts of biological terrorism cannot be an effective mechanism if we do not constantly monitor the strains of dangerous infectious diseases that are circulating on the territory of our country, which are pathogenic biological agents that can be used by terrorists to commit a biological terrorist act. The author also makes a number of conclusions regarding the fact that in the conditions of the 20s. In the twenty-first Millennium, biological terrorism, being a special phenomenon, can not only cause a colossal danger to all living things, but in the case of certain unfavorable conditions for modern society, it can act as a destructive mechanism that provokes global changes in the world, which will eventually lead to changes in the global geo-political balance of forces, reformatting the current social relations and the currently existing parameters and characteristics of social space. The novelty of this work is the analysis of threats to the national security of the Russian Federation, due to the potential use of biological weapons for terrorist purposes. Some other provisions of the work are also new. The practical significance of the scientific article is expressed in the possible use of its results in the activities of law enforcement agencies to counteract acts of bioterrorism.
Political economy: reasons for diverging from practice
Authors: Tarkhanov O
Published: December 2020

Based on the analysis of socio-economic processes that took place in the economic organism of human societies of different epochs, it is shown that the human community in its development reaches the stage of the state before the formation of antagonistic classes in it. At the same time, it is revealed that the destruction of the great States (the Roman Empire, autocratic Russia and the USSR) was caused by the violation of the phenomenon of organic matter circulation in agriculture, which determines the essence of natural soil fertility, which is the basis of food production, as an objective element of productive forces.
Investment instruments of companies in the context of digitalization of the economy
Authors: Katyshevskiy Y. , Matveev Vladimir , Smirnova O.
Published: December 2020

A review article on investment vehicles for companies in the modern digital economy. The article presents the main financial instruments available to organizations that allow them to invest free funds to generate additional income. Deposits, bonds, Federal loan bonds, stocks, mutual funds, ETFs and REITs are considered. Their main parameters are analyzed from the point of view of applied use, as well as the possibility of implementing transactions for the placement of funds in these instruments through digital channels. The article provides up-to-date quotes for rates and profitability parameters of instruments. Different banks and their terms of placement are compared on deposits. The main idea of the article is to convey the need to study, select and use specific tools in accordance with the objectives of the organization in order to obtain maximum additional income.
Improvement of Tannase Production from Bacillus Bacteria by Submerged Fermentation of Spent Tea
Authors: Al Haddad Rasha , Tahla Mohamad , Al Amir Lina
Published: December 2020

Tannase is an enzyme that causes hydrolysis of a group of tannins (gallo-tannins) to gallic acid and glucose. This enzyme is of importance due to its numerous applications in many fields, such as in the food industry by enhancing tea and coffee flavor and improving the quality of fruit juices rich in tannins. Tannase is also of importance in improving the quality of animal feed. Gallic acid is applied in the drug industry, and the production of antioxidants is used in the oil industry. This study was carried out to improve production of tannase from genus Bacillus using spent tea as a substrate by submerged fermentation and applying the statistical design Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Five parameters were considered, and each parameter was studied at five levels. They were temperature range (25 to 45˚C), pH (3–8), incubation period (24–120 hours), spent tea (0.5–2.5%) and rotation speed (100–300rpm). Results obtained revealed that optimum conditions for maximum production of tannase were: temperature at 35˚C, pH at 5, incubation time of 48 hours, spent tea concentration 1.5%, and rotation speed of 150 rpm. We recommend that further studies be carried out to clarify and determine the properties of crude and purified enzymes.
Penggunaan Model PBL untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika dan Self Efficacy Siswa
Authors: Suciyati  , Hardiansyah
Published: December 2020

Permasalahan yang sering ditemukan oleh guru pada mata pelajaran matematika adalah rata-rata siswa belum mampu menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah dengan menggunakan langkah-langkah yang benar. Siswa masih belum mampu memahami masalah, menentukan dan melaksanakan perencanaan, maupun mengambil kesimpulan dengan benar. Hal ini dikarenakan siswa kurang berusaha dalam menyelesaikan soal. Kondisi tersebut disebabkan oleh siswa yang tidak yakin akan kemampuan dirinya sendiri (self efficacy) ditambah dengan penggunaan model pembelajaran yang masih konvensional. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan quasi experiment design, yaitu desain penelitian yang melibatkan dua kelompok (eksperimen dan kontrol). Quasi experiment design yang dipilih yaitu Nonrandomized Control Group Pretest-Postest Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Woha, dengan sampel penelitian menggunakan dua kelas yaitu satu kelas sebagai kelas eksperimen (VII.1) dan satu kelas sebagai kelas kontrol (VII.2). Berdasarkan beberapa hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan SPSS 22.0, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model PBL berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dan self efficcay siswa.
Lembar kerja siswa matematika berbasis etnomatematika setting historical K.H Ahmad Dahlan di sekolah dasar
Authors: Jayani Ardiana , Astuti Erni Puji , Purwaningsih Wharyanti Ika , Wibowo Budi
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to produce Student Worksheets (LKS) with K.H Ahmad Dahlan historical settings for fourth-grade students at SD and declared fit for use. The development model used in this research is the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development model. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out by documentation, interviews, and questionnaires. The instruments used in this study were validation sheets for material experts, media experts, cultural experts, and practicality sheets for teachers. The results showed that the developed worksheets the valid criteria with a score of 3.57. The effectiveness criteria cannot be measured because of the covid 19 virus which causes students to carry out learning online. Practicality criteria are also fulfilled and got a score of 3.93 with good criteria. Based on assessments by material experts, media experts, cultural experts and filling in practicality sheets by the teacher, the products developed are declared valid and practical.
Eksperimen model pembelajaran MMP dan Problem Solving terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa
Authors: Nurhaliza Ika Risti , Maryam Isnaeni
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the mathematics problem-solving abilities of students who received the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model were better than the mathematics problem-solving abilities of students who received the Problem Solving learning model. The research was conducted at MTs Al-Iman Bulus Purworejo class IX A and IX B. The research method used was a quasi-experimental design, which refers to the instrument of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. The study population came from grade IX students, with a total of 401 students. The sampling technique was cluster random sampling. The prerequisite test of normality, homogeneity, and balance before treatment showed that the data were normally distributed, homogeneous, and balanced. The prerequisite test for normality and homogeneity of the data after treatment showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The hypothesis test calculation using the t-test obtained of 2,2431 and with α = 5% ( ) of 1,6667. Based on the hypothesis testing results, the value of then is rejected; this means that the problem-solving ability of students who receive the MMP learning model is better than students who receive the Problem Solving learning model.
Analisis kemampuan pemahaman matematis pada mata kuliah kalkulus peubah banyak
Authors: Wahyuni Arie , Hidayati Destia Wahyu
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the ability of students’ mathematical understanding in the multi-variable calculus course. The method used in this study is a test. This test will be used to determine students’ mathematical comprehension abilities in the multivariable calculus course. The results of this study concluded that 3 students scored 50-60, 4 students scored 60-70, 6 students scored 70-80. There are several factors that cause student scores to not get perfect scores, namely in the learning process there is a need for an attractive learning model, the need for technology, etc.
Polemical conversation on the conception of internal truth
Authors: Mamchur Helen , Paramonov Andrei
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the problem of truth in scientific knowledge in a polemical form. The concept of internal truth, according to which truth in science is understood as the correspondence of a theory to its subject, is opposed to the concept of truth, which science strives for, as the knowledge of things in themselves. According to the latter, truth is always internal and in scientific constructions we never leave the boundaries of the language of theory. These concepts of truth are analyzed using examples from the history of science, where the synthesis strategy serves as an effective mechanism for resolving contradictions between different theoretical approaches. Questions of understanding the truth are also considered in the horizon of possible strategies for resolving contradictions between fundamental theories in modern science. The phenomenon of productive errors in science is touched upon.
Are Information Technologies So Dangerous
for Written Culture?
Authors: Syrodeeva Asya
Published: December 2020

One of the factors that determines the current lifestyle is technology, which persistently draws the world into competition for new means and practices. As the subject of these processes, our contemporary not only takes an active part in them, but also reflexes a lot about his/her own impact. Although technology is ambivalent and multivector in its development, the humanitarian role of protecting the history of human experience, as well as creating the updated versions of cultural practices is not alien to it. Inspired by the broad interpretation of the writing practices proposed by J. Derrida, the author of the article shows how important it is for the understanding of technology not to be overloaded with alarmism. Information technologies have a democratizing effect on social life by offering new tools and formats for the writing. In particular, they support on a personal level the freedom of self-realization, while on a public scale — sociocultural diversity and interaction.
Еще раз о «единственном аргументе» Ансельма из Аоста. Отклик на книгу «Реабилитация вещи»
Authors: Neretina Svetlana
Published: December 2020

Я хотела бы пояснить сама себя, сделать ремарку к собственным размышлениям об «unum argumentum» Ансельма. Когда я в нашей совместной с А. П. Огурцовым книге «Реабилитация вещи» писала об аргументе Ансельма, меня вела, главным образом, мысль, что этот аргумент именно и только философский, это — не риторика. Я тогда обратила внимание на то, как можно использовать форму определения для неопределимого, написав «Ты есть нечто большее»1. При этом «большее» раскрывает содержание понятия, представляя не только это предельное содержание вещи, ее наивысший смысл, но меняя самое грамматику. Обычно мы считаем сравнительную степень прилагательного меньшей, чем превосходная степень. Но еще Августин в диалоге «Об учителе» рекомендовал не слишком доверять принятым грамматическим правилам. Степень «больше» в данном случае указывает на границу, которая всегда может быть превзойдена. Это постоянное превосхождение ее человеческим интеллектом, пытающимся помыслить нечто наибольшее, показывает, что нечто наибольшее, которое всегда больше в том числе и самого себя, уже обнаруживает, что оно, это наибольшее, большее самого себя, есть. И это то, что называется Богом. Вопрос в правомерности считать это «есть» имеющим отношение к бытию.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF DISTRIBUTION OF COLUBRID SNAKES IN SERBIA
Authors: Tomović Ljiljana , Urošević Aleksandar , Ajtić Rastko , Krizmanić Imre , Simović Aleksandar , Labus Nenad , Jović Danko , Krstić Milivoj , Đorđević Sonja , Anđelković Marko , Golubović Ana , Džukić Georg
Published: December 2020

Detailed distribution pattern of colubrid snakes in Serbia is still inadequately described, despite the long historical study. In this paper, we provide accurate distribution of seven species, with previously published and newly accumulated faunistic records compiled. Comparative analysis of faunas among all Balkan countries showed that Serbian colubrid fauna is among the most distinct (together with faunas of Slovenia and Romania), due to small number of species. Zoogeographic analysis showed high chorotype diversity of Serbian colubrids: seven species belong to six chorotypes. South-eastern Serbia (Pčinja River valley) is characterized by the presence of all colubrid species inhabiting our country, and deserves the highest conservation status at the national level. This study should provide the basis for further, more comprehensive faunistic research, as the data on distribution of colubrid species in our country are far from complete, with large distribution “gaps”, especially in northern and central parts of Serbia.
BECHSTEIN’S BAT MYOTIS BECHSTEINII (KUHL, 1817) IN SOUTHWESTERN BALKANS: FIRST RECORD FOR MONTENEGRO AND ADDITIONAL DATA FOR ALBANIA
Authors: Theou Philippe , Đurović Marina
Published: December 2020

In this paper the records of the Bechstein’s bat Myotis bechsteinii (Kuhl, 1817) for Montenegro and Albania are given.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF LACERTID LIZARDS IN SERBIA
Authors: Urošević Aleksandar , Ljubisavljević Katarina , Tomović Ljiljana , Krizmanić Imre , Ajtić Rastko , Simović Aleksandar , Labus Nenad , Jović Danko , Golubović Ana , Anđelković Marko , Džukić Georg
Published: December 2020

In this study, we present updated distributional data for all Serbian lacertids, having taken into account the available previously published information, and the so far unpublished authors’ field records and evidence from other sources. According to our current knowledge, eight lacertid species inhabit Serbia. Analysis of lacertid diversity within the country showed that biogeographic regions with highest species diversity are Metohija (eight species) and Kosovo (seven species). Regions in Serbia are mutually similar concerning lacertid faunas (average Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index is 0.82). Comparative analysis of lacertid faunas among all Balkan countries showed that Serbian lacertid fauna is the most similar to those of Albania and the FYR of Macedonia, and then to faunas of Romania and Bulgaria. Zoogeographic analysis showed that Serbian lacertids belong to three distinct chorotypes, with the East-Mediterranean being the richest (four species). Generally, diversity of lacertids in Serbia is most strongly determined by topographic diversity, habitat heterogeneity, and climatic peculiarities, with the inflow of the sub-Mediterranean climate along several river valleys in the south being especially important. This paper is intended to serve as a basis for further research, since data on distribution of lacertid species in Serbia are far from complete, with large distributional gaps of recorded species and with unconfirmed presence of two species.
THALASSARACHNA BASTERI AND T. AFFINIS (ACARI, HALACARIDAE), HISTORY, CHARACTERS, BIOLOGY, AND DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Bartsch Ilse
Published: December 2020

Thalassarachna basteri and T. affinis are known since more than a century. Though frequently found in shallow water areas, there exist only very few descriptions of their external characters. These and distinguishing characters are outlined, data of habitat, life cycle, feeding, and distribution are given. Adults and nymphs of T. basteri and T. affinis can be discriminated on the basis of the shape of the frontal spine and number of spines on leg I. Thalassarachna basteri is regularly found in cold-temperate and polar areas, both on the eastern and western coast of the North Atlantic whereas most records of T. affinis are from the warm-temperate eastern North Atlantic.
FIRST RECORD OF THE WATER MITE TORRENTICOLA UNGERI (SZALAY, 1927) (ACARI, HYDRACHNIDIA, TORRENTICOLIDAE) FROM RUSSIA
Authors: Tuzovskij Petr V.
Published: December 2020

In this paper the fiirst record of the water mite Torrenticola ungeri (Szalay, 1927) (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) from Russia is given.
FILLING IN THE GAPS IN DISTRIBUTION DATA OF THE SNAKE-EYED SKINK ABLEPHARUS KITAIBELII BIBRON AND BORY, 1833 (SQUAMATA: SCINCIDAE) IN SERBIA
Authors: Ljubisavljević Katarina , Tomović Ljiljana , Simović Aleksandar , Krizmanić Imre , Ajtić Rastko , Jović Danko , Urošević Aleksandar , Labus Nenad , Đorđević Sonja , Golubović Ana , Anđelković Marko , Džukić Georg
Published: December 2020

The distribution of Ablepharus kitaibelii (Snake-eyed skink) in Serbia was reviewed, based on the collection of 183 records comprised of the authors’ unpublished data, observations of colleague researchers and of literature data. Roughly 68% of these records have not been published previously. Apparent distribution gaps in western and southern parts of the country were largely filled in by new findings. The absence of the Snake-eyed skink in the northern parts of our country is most likely caused by large-scale alteration and destruction of suitable habitats. Presented data provide the basis for further research and conservation assessments of this species.
DESCRIPTION OF A SECOND SPECIES OF SUBGENUS GUTTA WRASE & SCHMIDT, 2006 FROM CHINA (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Guéorguiev Borislav
Published: December 2020

Pterostichus (Gutta) kongshuhensis, sp. n. (type locality: China, Yunnan Province, Baoshan Prefecture, Tengchong County, 2.8 km ENE village Kongshuhe), is described. The new species is morphologically closest to P. (Gutta) gaoligongensis Wrase & Schmidt, 2006.
BUTTERFLY SURVEYS IN ALBANIA DURING 2014 INCLUDING THE DISCOVERY OF TWO NEW SPECIES FOR THE COUNTRY
Authors: Micevski Nikola , Franeta Filip , Gascoigne-Pees Martin , Micevski Branko , Verovnik Rudi
Published: December 2020

During field surveys conducted in Albania in 2014, we encountered 90 species of butterflies. Anthocharis damone Boisduval, 1836 is a new species for the fauna of Albania while Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 is confirmed for the country. With these discoveries the number of butterfly species known to occur in Albania has risen to 200 and our surveys added many new sites for species considered rare and local in Albania. In addition, the life cycles of Lycaena ottomana (Lefèbvre, 1830) and Apatura metis from Albania are documented and discussed.
A MOLECULAR GENETIC EVIDENCE OF THE OCCURRENCE OF THE FRESHWATER SNAIL RADIX LAGOTIS (SCHRANK, 1803) (GASTROPODA: LYMNAEIDAE) IN BULGARIA
Authors: Schniebs Katrin , Georgiev Dilian , Glöer Peter , Hundsdoerfer Anna K.
Published: December 2020

Radix lagotis (Schrank, 1803) was found in the Dragoman marshes in Bulgaria. By comparison of the mitochondrial cyt-b sequences (fragment of 329 bp) and sequence data obtained from the nuclear ITS-2 spacer these specimens fell into one cluster with sequences from R. lagotis from Germany, Austria and Czech Republic confirming the morphological determination and the first record of this species for Bulgaria.
MORPHOLOGY OF AN INTERSEX INDIVIDUAL OF THE WATER MITE PIONA COCCINOIDES (THOR, 1897) (ACARI: HYDRACHNIDIA, PIONIDAE)
Authors: Tuzovskij Petr V.
Published: December 2020

In this paper description of an intersex individual of the water mite Piona coccinoides (Thor, 1897) is given.
BOETTGERILLIDAE VAN GOETHEM 1972: BOETTGERILLA PALLENS SIMROTH 1912 (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) – A NEW FAMILY, GENUS AND SPECIES FOR THE BULGARIAN FAUNA
Authors: Dedov Ivaylo K. , Schneppat Ulrich E. , Glogger Fabia Knechtle , Georgiev Dilian
Published: December 2020

In this paper Boettgerilla pallens Simroth 1912 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) is reported for the first time for fauna of Bulgaria.
THE POPULATION DYNAMICS AND REPRODUCTION OF STREBLOSPIO GYNOBRANCHIATA (ANNELIDA, SPIONIDAE), AN ALIEN POLYCHAETE WORM, IN THE SEVASTOPOL BAY (THE BLACK SEA)
Authors: Boltachova Natalya A. , Lisitskaya Elena V. , Podzorova Darina V.
Published: December 2020

The macrozoobenthic investigation in the Sevastopol Bay was conducted from 2001 to 2013. In 2007, first individuals of Streblospio gynobranchiata Rice & Levin, 1998, exotic for the Black Sea, were found in samples of soft sediment from the bay. According to the records, by 2009, mean population density has increased to 703±43 ind.·m-2 and decreased to 465±56 ind.·m-2 by 2013. The spionid polychaetes S. gynobranchiata inhabit muddy seabed with vast admixture of pelitic silts (66±8%), at depths ranged from 2 to 17 m and seawater salinity from 14.3 to 17.7‰. As our experiments have shown, in warm (17–18°С) sea water S. gynobranchiata completed planktonic stage of development in 9–10 days; in the absence of adequate substrate this period lasted for about a month. Worms fully matured within 3.5 months since their appearance in plankton and started to reproduce in the fourth month. Such life strategy favours rapid spreading of S. gynobranchiata along the shoreline of the Black Sea.
FRESHWATER LEECHES (CLITELLATA: HIRUDINIDA) OF SOUTH-WESTERN IRAN: SMALL AREA - HIGH DIVERSITY
Authors: Rahmanipanah Sara , Belgheiszadeh Hamid , Darestani Kaveh Darabi , Tehrani Hora Jalai
Published: December 2020

In this paper the four families, six genera and six species of freshwater leeches have been reported in seven localities of of south-western Iran.
TWO NEW FRESHWATER MOLLUSK SPECIES OF THE GENUS GRAECOANATOLICA RADOMAN, 1973 FROM TURKEY (GASTROPODA: HYDROBIIDAE)
Authors: Glöer Peter , Pešić Vladimir
Published: December 2020

Two species of the hydrobiid genus Graecoanatolica Radoman, 1973 were described from Turkey as new to science. The new species are characterized by a larger dimension of the shell. A comparative table of shell dimensions and features of penes to the species known for Turkey are provided. The total number of species of genus Graecoanatolica tallies now 12 species.
NEW DATA OF THE SUBTERRANEAN GAMMARIDEAN FAUNA OF WESTERN BALKAN PENINSULA (CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE AMPHIPODA 285)
Authors: Karaman Gordan S.
Published: December 2020

Two species of subterranean Amphipoda from the fresh waters of western Dinarid Mountains on Balkan Peninsula are treated in this work: Niphargus bosniacus described from Mračna pećina Cave in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Stanko Karaman (1943) and known from this locality only, was collected again from the type-locality and redescribed and figured in detail, and its relationship to some other taxa of genus Niphargus are treated.The species Typhlogammarus mrazeki Schäferna, 1906, known from several localities in Montenegro, Herzegovina, southern and central Croatia, was discovered now in the Tunel Sv. Ilija near village Zagvozd on Biokovo Mt. above Makarska (Croatia).
AKAR KONFLIK SURIAH (Tinjauan Deskriptif Historis)
Authors: Roni Tabroni
Published: December 2020

Konflik di Suriah adalah sebuah konflik yang kompleks dan merupakan sebuah konflik yang panjang. Konflik ini begitu memberi dampak yang besar bukan hanya di kawasan Timur Tengah tapi juga pada cakupan yang lebih luas. Benih-benih konflik ini sebenarnya sudah ada jauh sebelum pemberontakan pertama di bulan Maret 2011. Dalam tataran konflik, sebelum kita menemukan akar dari konflik tersebut maka kita akan susah untuk menemukan cara mengatasinya. Dalam artikel ini ada dua hal yang menjadi akar dari semua konflik di Suriah. Konflik Sunni-Syiah dan intervensi asing. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif historis, di mana pembahasannya dibatasi pada tinjauan terhadap semua hal yang menjadi akar konflik Suriah khususnya sejak Suriah merdeka sampai sekarang. Kemudian dibantu teori legitimasi politik yang berpadu dengan teori pembangunan politik (statebuilding) sebagai alat utama untuk memberikan alternatif solusi mengatasi semua akar konflik tersebut.
KONDISI EKONOMI CIREBON PADA MASA JEPANG
Authors: Eva Nur Arovah
Published: December 2020

Salah satu usaha Jepang untuk menopang upaya perang dan rencana-rencananya bagi dominasi ekonomi jangka panjang terhadap Asia Timur dan Asia Tenggara adalah dengan menyusun dan mengarahkan kembali perekonomian Indonesia. Berkenaan dengan hal itu Jepang mengeluarkan peraturan-peraturan baru dan kebijakan yang mengendalikan dan mengatur kembali hasil-hasil utama perekonomian Indonesia beserta harga berbagai komoditi. Dampak yang ditimbulkan adalah kekacauan dan penderitaan bagi rakyat Indonesia. Demikian juga situasi di Cirebon. Kesulitan itu, bukan hanya menyentuh sisi ekonomi tapi juga merambah ke sisi sosial dan politik masyarakat Cirebon.  Tulisan ini berusaha menggambarkan kondisi Cirebon khususnya bidang perekonomian pada masa penjajahan Jepang.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ACTIVE LEARNING TIPE QUIZ TEAM TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DENGAN VARIABEL MODERATOR MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Poy Saefullah Zevender
Published: December 2020

This research was motivated by observations and interviews stating that the critical thinking skills by taking into account the motivation of learners is still low. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is influence from learning model Active Learning Type Quiz Team about the critical thinking skills of learners, whether there is influence learning motivation of students towards critical thinking skills of learners, and whether there is an interaction effect between teaching model active learning type of quiz team  to learning motivation towards critical thinking skills of learners. The method used is experimental method with factorial design. This caused the hypothesis testing is done by using two way analisys of variance in order to avoid noise or a possibility that states there is an effect due to mixing of the data analysis. Meanwhile, the population in this study were all students of class X as many as 309 students and the sample is class X-2 as the experimental class and X-3 as the control class, each of which consists of 39 students. Based on the results of the study showed: There is the influence of learning model Active Learning type Quiz Team of the critical thinking skills of learners with sig. 0.000 <0.05. There is the influence of learning motivation towards the critical thinking skills of learners with sig. 0.003 <0.05. There is an interaction effect between the active learning teaching model type quiz team with the learning motivation towards the critical thinking skills of learners with sig. 0.000 <0.05. To reach the maximum critical thinking skills, it is recommended that the teachers continue to practice, formulate and present problems that exist into the learning process as a stimulus for students to get them used to find the solution of a problem that occurs in daily life.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN PAKEM BERBASIS BIOENTERPRENEURSHIP PADA PEMBUATAN NATA DE COCO TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DAN MOTIVASI ENTERPRENEURSISWA DI SMK PLUS FATAHILLAH GEGESIK
Authors: Mudatsir
Published: December 2020

Pembelajaran IPA Industri di SMK Plus fatahillah belum mampu  meningkatkan hasil belajar dan motivasi enterpreneur siswa untuk berkarya dalam membuat suatu produk. Salah satu cara untuk menggugah motivasi siswa dalam berkarya adalah dengan pembelajaran berbasis enterpreneur. Sementara itu untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dibutuhkan pendekatan belajar yang mampu membuat siswa semangat dalam belajar, aktif, kreatif dan efektif  mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Kebutuhan tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa pendekatan PAKEM (pembelajaran aktif, kreatif efektif dan menyenangkan) dianggap tepat untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran berbasis bioenterpreneurship. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keterlaksanaan pendekatan PAKEM berbasis bioenterpreneurship, peningkatan hasil belajar, peningkatan motivasi enterpreneur, respon siswa dan respon guru terhadap pembelajaran. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain pretest posttest control group design. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI SMK Plus Fatahillah. Sampel diambil melalui purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden 60 siswa yang terbagi dalam kelas kontrol dan eksperimen. Hasil penelitian diperoleh, (1) pembelajaran terlaksana 100% (2) hasil belajar siswa mengalami kenaikan sedang pada kelas kontrol dengan dengan N gain 0,45  dan N gain pada kelas eksperimen 0,73 yang berarti peningkatannya tinggi. Untuk menguji perbedaan hasil belajar kelas kontrol dan eksperimen maka dilakukan uji Mann whitneymenghasilkan perbedaan signifikan dengan hasil  0,00 < 0,05.  (4) respon tinggi diberikan oleh siswa dengan prosentase sebesar 80% siswa menyatakan setuju dan tertarik pada pembelajaran PAKEM berbasis bioenterpreneurship.(5) Respon guru terhadap pembelajaran PAKEM berbasis bioenterpreneurship dari hasil prosentase 60% setuju  dan 40% sangat setuju, respon tinggi diberikan guru terhadap pembelajaran PAKEM berbasis bioenterpreneurship. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan PAKEM dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar, motivasi enterpreneur serta respon positif dari siswa maupun dari guru.
DINAMIKA NAHDLATUL ULAMA DI TASIKMALAYA TAHUN 1926-1961
Authors: Sujati Budi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang dinamika Nahdlatul Ulama di Tasikmalaya pada tahun 1926-1961. Penelitian ini dipandang menarik karena berdirinya Nahdlatul Ulama di Tasikmalaya merupakan tantangan dan respon dari Bupati RAA Wirataoeningrat mendirikan perkumpulan Guru Agama (PGA) yang anggotanya senantiasa mendukung kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah sehingga mereka yang tidak sependapat dan tidak sepaham dengan visi dan misi perkumpulan itu membentuk sepakat mendirikan Nahdlatul Ulama hingga Nahdlatul Ulama di Tasiklamaya mengalami dinamika sebelum dan sesudah pemilu 1955 yang pada akhirnya pada 1961 banyak warga Nahdliyin Tasikmalaya banyak terlibat dalam roda pemerintahan sehingga eksis sampai sekarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian sejarah dengan metode heuristik, kritik, interpetasi dan historiografi. Oleh karena itu, sumber data untuk penelitian ini adalah dokumen-dokumen sejarah yang menyangkut jiwa zamannya: arsip, majalah, buku, wawancara dan sebagainya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Nahdlatul Ulama berdiri di Tasikmalaya secara legal formal pada 1928 dan mengalami kemajuan pada rentang waktu 1955 dikarenakan peran kyai/ ajengan yang sangat besar.
PENERAPAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE STAD DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA MATERI CAHAYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Surahman
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar dan keaktifan belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA di kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Kasokandel, Majalengka. Pemicunya adalah karena model pembelajaran yang diterapkan masih bersifat konvensional, berpusat pada guru (teacher centered). Untuk mengatasi kesulitan belajar tersebut ditawarkan melalui penerapan model pembelajaran cooperative learning tipe STAD (Student Teams Achievement Divisions). Studi ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab permasalahan: 1) Bagaimanakah penerapan model cooperative learning tipe STAD pada pembelajaran IPA materi cahaya di kelas VIII A? 2) Bagaimana hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPA materi cahaya menggunakan model cooperative learning tipe STAD di kelas VIII A? Permasalahan tersebut dibahas melalui penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan melalui 2 siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model cooperative learning tipe STAD pada pembelajaran IPA materi cahaya di kelas VIII A berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keaktifan belajar siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari tingkat ketuntasan belajar peserta didik per siklusnya. Pada pra siklus hanya terdapat 11 siswa atau 37% saja yang tuntas belajar, dengan nilai KKM 70. Namun itu mengalami kenaikan di siklus I menjadi 20 siswa atau 67%.  Pada siklus II meningkat lagi menjadi 26 siswa atau 87%. Sementara keaktifan belajar siswa pada siklus I sebanyak 18 siswa atau 60%. Pada siklus II terdiri dari 25 siswa atau 83%. Oleh karenya, model belajar cooperative learning tipe STAD sangat tepat digunakan dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA di kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Kasokandel, Majalengka.
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN KREATIF PRODUKTIF DIKOLABORASIKAN DENGAN MNEMONIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA KONSEP PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN DI KELAS X MA PUI TENAJAR INDRAMAYU
Authors: Ulinniam
Published: December 2020

The learning process is to develop students' activities and creativity through various interactions and various learning experiences. But in its implementation, learning is still found that does not develop the potential of the students to be active and creative in learning.

The purpose of this study (1) to study the activities of students who apply productive creative learning strategies collaborated with mnemonics, (2) find out the difference in learning outcomes improvement of students who apply productive creative learning strategies collaborated with mnemonics with those who do not use, (3) examine participant responses students with the implementation of productive creative learning strategies collaborated with mnemonics.

The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all students of class X MA PUI Tenajar Indramayu with a sample of 2 experimental and control classes.

The results of this study indicate that: (1) the activities of the students went quite well, this is based on the value of the observation sheet the average student was able to get a value of 77.8. (2) there is a difference in the improvement of student learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes, this is seen from the results of the Paired Sample Test which shows the significance value or sig (2- tailed) is 0,000, when compared the value will be less than 0.05 (0,000 <0.05), (3) students' responses to the application of productive creative learning strategies collaborated with mnemonics on the concept of environmental pollution categorized as strong, this is seen from the average percentage of positive statements 76.3% and negative statements 69, 2% who answered agreed, in other words the majority of students liked productive creative learning strategies collaborated with mnemonics.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA BIOLOGI SMA BERBASIS PENDEKATAN ILMIAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERFIKIR SISWA
Authors: Sari Yuli Arnita
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) berbasis pendekatan ilmiah pada mata pelajaran Biologi SMA. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 tahap yaitu analisis, perancangan dan pengembangan. Pengembangan LKS difokuskan pada peningkatan keterampilan berfikir siswa kelas X, XI dan XII. Kelas X pada materi perubahan dan pelestarian lingkungan difokuskan pada Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), kelas XI pada sistem organ difokuskan pada critical thinking, dan kelas XII pada materi bioteknologi difokuskan pada creative thinking. Uji simulasi dilaksanakan di Laboratorium STKIP Pangeran Dharma Kusuma Segeran Juntinyuat Indramayu dan rancangan awal LKS divalidasi oleh validator internal dan validator eksternal. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji coba terbatas di SMA RISE Kedawung dan SMA RISE Kota Cirebon. Hasil penilaian menunjukkan LKS berbasis pendekatan ilmiah mempunyai kategori sangat valid dan valid pada aspek pedagogik, konstruksi, teknis dan keterampilan berfikir. Respon siswa terhadap LKS yang dikembangkan berkategori sangat baik dan baik. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKS berbasis pendekatan ilmiah yang dikembangkan berpotensi untuk diimplementasikan pada lingkup yang lebih luas.
Les mutations du centre invisible : les villes petites et moyennes et leurs stratégies de transformation
Authors: Oberlé Cécile
Published: December 2020

Bien que prépondérantes dans le territoire et la population de l’Allemagne, les villes petites et moyennes sont peu étudiées et constituent une sorte de centre invisible du pays. Face aux défis actuels, des questions démographiques à la nécessaire transition écologique en passant par les modes de vie ou de travail, elles ont des besoins et des possibilités propres, et développent souvent des stratégies spécifiques. L’enjeu est important, puisque de leur capacité à faire face aux mutations dépend la vitalité, et in fine l’équilibre des territoires, sur fond d’un populisme qui se nourrit en partie des inégalités territoriales. Pour certaines, en déclin démographique et économique, c’est aussi leur subsistance qui est en jeu. Les difficultés rencontrées et les solutions apportées se distinguent souvent de ce qui peut être observé dans les métropoles. La participation citoyenne joue un rôle particulièrement important, qu’il s’agisse de lancer des initiatives, d’organiser une concertation autour des transformations envisagées ou encore, très concrètement, de participer bénévolement à la mise en œuvre de celles-ci. L’article explore les transformations opérées en termes d’aménagement urbain (ré-urbanisation, diversification des fonctionnalités, intégration de l’eau et de la végétation dans la ville), de cohésion sociale, de mobilité et de politique énergétique. Enfin, il aborde la question des moyens à disposition des villes petites et moyennes, et tout particulièrement les très grandes disparités (régionales et locales) dans leurs possibilités de financement, en dépit de l’obligation constitutionnelle d’établir des conditions de vie équivalentes sur tout le territoire.
L’accompagnement en éducation : une nouvelle façon d’esquiver la rencontre avec l’adolescent ?
Authors: Pirone Ilaria
Published: December 2020

Cette contribution part du constat que le thème de l’accompagnement des adolescents connaît actuellement une forte diffusion dans le champ de l’éducation. La récurrence de ce thème peut être entendu comme un rappel aux éducateurs de la nécessité des sujets de cheminer dans la relation à l’autre, ou par la relation à l’autre. Mais si ce rappel devient nécessaire face aux nouvelles formes du lien social prises dans la fragilisation des références symboliques, l’institutionnalisation des pratiques de l’accompagnement risque de réduire cet acte à sa dimension normative. À l’appui de différentes expériences de recherche, il s’agira d’interroger ce danger pour essayer de comprendre ce que les adolescents attendent de l’accompagnement de la part des adultes-éducateurs-enseignants. Après avoir brièvement défini les contours flous de cette notion, il s’agira de déplacer la question de l’accompagnement à celle d’une attente qui fasse rencontre, en rappelant les enjeux psychiques de la traversée adolescente.
Adolescence djihadiste, un passage raté
Authors: Fajnwaks Débora
Published: December 2020

Depuis 2016 le nombre de mineurs mis en examen sous une qualification terroriste s’est fortement accru en France. Un phénomène sans précédent qui impacte considérablement le travail des juges du tribunal pour enfants et des acteurs en charge du suivi judiciaire des jeunes condamnés. La protection de la jeunesse se trouve sollicitée dans cette oscillation troublante d’une jeunesse à protéger et d’une jeunesse dont il s’agirait brusquement de se protéger. Le dispositif dans lequel j’accueille les jeunes est une alternative à l’incarcération préventive avant le jugement, un dispositif qui tout en créant les conditions d’une observation prolongée exclut l’objectif illusoire de la déradicalisation. Je m’interroge sur la manière dont un enfant se retrouve dans une telle situation, comment en est-il arrivé là ? Par quel nouage singulier cet enfant se trouve dans la relation avec un menteur inconnu mais célèbre, dans le visionnage des scènes horrifiques en soi et d’ordinaire insoutenables pour quiconque, un discours univoque où l’effroi se conjugue à l’apocalyptique d’une réponse ? Dans ce travail clinique l’apparition de la figure du « ça-cri-fils » où le jeune en question se voue à expier la faute commise par un père dévalué constitue un point de traversée violent et définitif.
L’adolescent un étranger de passage : théâtre et clinique de l’adolescence contemporaine
Authors: Gavarini Laurence
Published: December 2020

Cet article se propose d’entrecroiser deux « scènes », le théâtre de l’auteur contemporain libano-québécois, Wajdi Mouawad, et un terrain de recherche sur le décrochage et sur la grande difficulté scolaire localisé dans un collège d’une banlieue populaire parisienne. Il procédera par une mise en miroir et en dialogue des « figures » d’adolescents et d’histoires singulières : d’un côté, les personnages, fictionnels, des pièces de Mouawad et, de l’autre, les collégiens, filles et garçons, bien incarnés et vivants, rencontrés pour la recherche dans le cadre d’un dispositif de groupes de parole adolescents. La fréquentation du théâtre de Mouawad, de ses mises en scènes et de ses textes, aide l’auteure à penser « ses » propres adolescents, à élaborer ce qui a été entendu sur le terrain, aux côtés d’appuis théoriques constitués ici par la psychanalyse (Freud, Winnicott, Aulagnier, Gaillard, Lesourd, Texier) et l’anthropologie (Douville, Hobsbawn). Le travail d’historisation, la quête généalogique, la traque des non-dits familiaux, l’exil, les violences de l’Histoire, la violence des séparations, la figure de l’étranger, la recherche du répondant adulte, si présents chez les héros de Mouawad, permettent à l’auteure d’entendre ce qui a pu faire défaut chez les collégiens et collégiennes rencontrés ou en tout cas ce qui demeure à l’état de questions sans réponse chez beaucoup de jeunes qui ont participé aux groupes de parole qu’elle a animés. Même si ses histoires s’inscrivent souvent dans des environnements incertains, Mouawad en fait de quasi universels de ce que peut faire l’adolescence à un sujet bousculé par l’Histoire. Il nous aide ainsi à penser des éléments de l’impensable, du refoulé, de notre contemporain concernant notamment les traumas de l’immigration, la revendication culturelle et religieuse, le déni/refus des savoirs scientifiques.
Esquisse d’une histoire de la démocratisation de l’enseignement en Europe de 1918 à nos jours
Authors: Garnier Bruno
Published: December 2020

À travers quelques questions telles que la généralisation de scolarisations socialement indifférenciées, l’allongement de la scolarité obligatoire, le développement de la mixité scolaire, l’articulation entre secteur public et secteur privé et la gestion pédagogique de la diversité. Les lendemains de la guerre de 1914-1918 ont favorisé l’émergence de l’école unique, c’est-à-dire l’idée de rendre commune à tous les enfants une scolarité destinée à fonder l’unité nationale et à permettre l’accès universel aux connaissances indispensables à la vie sociale. Dans les premières années de l’après-guerre, l’Allemagne et la France font figure de postes avancés pour la réforme de l’école unique, mais c’est en Union Soviétique que la réforme de l’école unique fut engagée avec la plus grande vigueur, et elle devint, entre les deux guerres, un modèle pour un large courant réformateur en Europe occidentale. Par ailleurs, la question de l’école unique déborda peu à peu le cadre de la réforme institutionnelle pour poser la question pédagogique : si l’école unique était instituée, quelle sorte de méthode pédagogique devrait-elle employer ? Les systèmes éducatifs dans l’Europe de l’après-Seconde guerre mondiale connurent plusieurs changements structurels avec l’institution d’établissements scolaires du secondaire dépourvus de filières internes et de recrutement socialement déterminé de leur population scolaire. Mais aujourd’hui, quel que soit le modèle de système éducatif que l’on examine, des problèmes récurrents remettent en question les fondements d’une école unique pour tous. Comment gérer la diversité des élèves dans des pays marqués par les inégalités entre territoires ? Comment l’école peut-elle affronter les multiples différences entre les enfants ? Comment l’école peut-elle demeurer fondatrice du « vivre ensemble », dans les pays où elle reproduit massivement les inégalités sociales ? Cette esquisse a finalement l’ambition d’avoir contribué à montrer que l’histoire de la démocratisation de l’enseignement, en tant que projet et en tant que réalisation toujours inachevée, est bien constituée au xx e siècle à l’échelle européenne, mais elle reste largement à écrire.
L’adjectif au CM2
Authors: Beaumanoir-Secq Morgane , Renvoisé Claire
Published: December 2020

Dans le cadre du programme REAlang, une recherche de grande ampleur initiée en 2019, un important recueil de données permet de rendre compte des représentations des élèves sur les classes grammaticales du verbe et de l’adjectif, du CE2 (3 ème  primaire) au CM2 (5 ème  primaire). L’article qui s’y rattache expose et analyse les premiers résultats relatifs aux savoirs des élèves de CM2 concernant l’adjectif. À travers des tâches d’identification et de définition, il apparait que trois années d’enseignement explicite de cette notion ne permettent pas de construire une représentation stable de l’adjectif. Ainsi, plus de la moitié des élèves soulignent plus d’intrus que d’adjectifs, et, surtout, il est quasi impossible de typologiser ce qu’ils commentent. L’analyse des définitions produites permet cependant de procéder à une analyse des choix d’enseignement et des problèmes qu’ils soulèvent, mais aussi de s’appuyer sur les représentations des élèves pour établir des démarches possibles et des progressions souhaitables.
Gérard Genette et le roman proustien
Authors: Vultur Ioana
Published: December 2020

Le roman proustien est une référence constante chez Genette. Cet article prend comme point de départ sa théorie du récit élaborée à partir de À la recherche du temps perdu  dans  Discours du récit , puis dans  Nouveau Discours du récit et Fiction et Diction . Si Genette part du particulier (l’œuvre de Proust) pour aller vers le général (sa théorie narratologique), je me demanderai, en allant du général vers le particulier, en quoi son analyse narrative nous permet une meilleure compréhension de l’œuvre de Proust. Pour montrer comment la poétique peut devenir complémentaire de la critique, j’étudie le cas de Paul Ricœur, qui s’est lui aussi penché sur la question du temps et du récit, pour montrer comment il a intégré la théorie de Genette dans une herméneutique littéraire, en déplaçant l’accent du texte vu comme une structure vers « le monde du texte ».