bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of vegetation on the microstructure and erosivity of precipitation
Authors: Radulović Lana , Bezak Nejc , Šraj Mojca
Published: February 2024

The process of precipitation interception, in which vegetation retains precipitation, has a major influence on natural processes such as soil erosion. Assessing this influence requires measurements of the microstructure of precipitation using modern instruments that allow measurements of the velocity, size, and number of raindrops. The precipitation microstructure data were obtained using 1-minute measurements from three optical disdrometers placed under the birch canopy, under the black pine canopy and above the canopies. In the period under consideration between 12 July 2022 and 16 February 2023, 48 rainfall events were recorded, for which the duration, the amount of precipitation, the average intensity of precipitation, and the characteristics of the raindrops (size, velocity, and number of drops) were calculated. Additionally, the kinetic energy (KE), the maximum 30-minute intensity (max I30), and the rainfall erosivity factor (R) were calculated. All these variables were calculated for measurements above and below the tree canopies. The results show that the proportion of intercepted precipitation decreases with the duration of the events for both birch and pine. Droplets increased on average during the leafed period, as they passed through the tree canopy, and decreased during the leafless period. During the entire period, the diameter of the droplets increased on average by 46% under birch and by 26% under black pine. The droplet velocity decreased on average by 38% under the pine, while it increased minimally under the birch by 1%, which is the result of an increase in the average velocity under the birch during the leafless period by 7%. The analysis of the results shows that the rainfall interception has a large impact on soil erosion, as, for example, the rainfall erosivity factor (R) under birch decreased by 43% and under pine by 90%.
Characteristic features of designing the system of students’ practical training in the context of education transformation
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Elizarova Liudmila Viacheslavovna , Trubitsina Olga Ivanovna ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Semenova Elena Yurievna ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Kostina Ekaterina Alekseevna ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Bagramova Nina Vitalievna ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: February 2024

Introduction. The article investigates the problem of enhancing students’ ability and willingness to perform professional tasks. The research aim is to identify the characteristic features of practical training design in the context of educational system transformation. Materials and Methods. In order to solve the research tasks, we used the following methods: questionnaire survey of students (n=159) and teaching staff (n=98), observation of the educational process, analysis of laws and regulations as well as scholarly literature on the subject, and focus group discussions of employers, students, and practical training supervisors. Results. We identified core components of practical student training and comprehensively analysed this concept. The analysis revealed the characteristic features of practical training design during education transformation. Furthermore, the study substantiated the viability of modular and step-by-step designs of the practical training system aimed at the development of students’ ability and willingness to perform professional tasks. Conclusions. We consider the characteristic features of practical training design to be the basis of effective educational design aimed at the development of students’ professional competencies and strengthening the tendencies of practice-oriented learning.
Evaluating the functions of the teacher-producer for preparing prospective economists in the modern context of education system digitalization
Authors:   Financial University, Kormiltseva Elena Aleksandrovna , Sokur Elena Anatolyevna ,   Financial University, Filimonov Viacheslav Arkadyevich ,   Sobolev Institute of Mathematics SB RAS, Shmakova Alexandra Pavlovna ,   Financial University, Burmistrova Nataliya Aleksandrovna ,   Financial University
Published: February 2024

Introduction. The authors explore the problem of enhancing the communication culture of prospective economists in the context of digital transformation and interaction with artificial intelligence systems. The purpose of the article is to identify the role of the teacher-producer in organizing teacher-student interaction in the system of economic education (secondary school-university), as well as to evaluate the functions of pedagogical production necessary to improve the communicative culture of future economists in the era of digitalization. Materials and Methods. The Pareto principle is used as the methodological basis of the study, according to which 20% of teaching resources provide 80% of the obtained educational result. The sociological survey was conducted among students and academic staff of economic faculties at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Astrakhan State University, State Social and Humanitarian University (Kolomna) and schoolchildren of specialized classes (gymnasium 19, Omsk). Results. The analysis of empirical data demonstrates the relevance of the role of the teacher-producer in the economic education system in the era of digitalization, as well as the positive attitude of the younger generation towards the prospects for the introduction of artificial intelligence. The functions of pedagogical production are highlighted, taking into account the digital specifics of modern economic education. Using the Pareto principle confirms that mastery of the functions of pedagogical production (information, communication, organizational) in the system of economic education, constituting about 20% of the component composition of pedagogical functions, determine 80% of the educational result in terms of increasing the level of communicative culture of future economists. Conclusions. The authors revealed and described the functions of pedagogical production are highlighted, taking into account the digital specifics of modern economic education.
The potential of artificial intelligence in preserving linguistic diversity for future generations
Authors:   Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Ermolova Tatiana Victorovna , Savitskaya Natal’ya Vasil’evna ,   Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Dedova Ol’ga Vital’evna ,   Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Guzova Alexandra Victorovna ,   Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
Published: February 2024

Introduction. The significant and only partially solved problem of preserving cultural heritage and linguistic diversity in the world can obtain additional ways of solving by means of using modern technologies, in particular, the Artificial Intelligence (AI). The purpose of this article is to analyze up-to-date research data on the possibility of preserving linguistic diversity by means of Artificial Intelligence technologies and evaluate their effectiveness taking into account linguistic transformations determining the development of AI. Materials and Methods. This review is aimed at analyzing the data available in scholarly literature on the potential of artificial intelligence in preserving linguistic diversity and the existing limitations in the case of its application to rare and endangered languages. Results. The search for data on the research problem revealed that using AI technologies as tools for implementing the task of preserving linguistic diversity is still the subject of discussion mainly in the media and public spheres and is extremely poorly represented in academic literature. Among the challenges partially related to the potential of AI is the linguistic bias of many AI systems, which is rooted in the data used to train them, which can further entrench social and linguistic inequalities among certain ethnic groups and create difficulties in building educational models for teaching these languages with the help of AI. The authors argue that AI systems can be trained to recognize and analyze linguistic patterns of languages that have been understudied or are endangered, including building educational models in native languages for small ethnic groups at risk of losing the language of communication. There is evidence that AI can recreate lost languages. A major challenge in using AI to preserve linguistic diversity is the lack of data on many languages that are rarely used in the media space or are endangered. Conclusions. Finally, the authors conclude that AI technologies are recognized as promising for preserving linguistic diversity.
Pulp Treatment Processes
Authors:   Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers UMR 5518 au CNRS/INPG/CTP/EFPG Ecole Française de Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques BP 65 – 38402 Saint-Martin d’Hères Cedex, Roux Jean-Claude
Published: February 2024

The repulping, refining and hot dispersing processes are considered in this first part “Pulp Treatment Processes” of the review paper about “Stock Preparation”, which focuses on the process engineering aspects of the unit operations used in the production of virgin and recycled pulps. Chemical and physical-chemical aspects are beyond the scope of this paper, as are pulp dilution, transport and storage. The pulp treatment processes refer to the unit operations aim- ing at altering and/or upgrading the fibrous raw material and associated solid materials and contraries (inks and various contaminants). They include re-pulping or disintegration, refining or beating, hot dispersing and mixing. Pulp disintegration has curiously never been of great interest to the paper science community, and hence remains an area of investigation where quite substantial benefits could be gained through reductions in energy consumption. Some new approaches will be presented that get round the difficult concept of pulp apparent viscosity, which is really an aspect of rheology. One of the main operations in stock preparation is obviously pulp. While the effects of refining on fibres have been extensively studied in the past, its engineering parameters have not. For example, we do not yet know how to extrapolate refining results from the pilot to the industrial scale. It is even difficult to compare the effects of conical and disc refiners on the same pulp. It seems that only an integrated approach can improve our understanding of this process; one such will be proposed, building on fundamental engineering principles. Then, the paper goes on to consider hot dispersion, an important process step in the field of paper recycling and deinking, to complete the effects of pulping and/or refining in terms of ink detachment, alteration of contaminants and fibre conformability. Hot dispersion is generally combined with bleaching because of the high temperature, consistency and mixing effect.
A Theory for the Transverse Collapse of Wood Pulp Fibres
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada 3800 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6S 2L9, Jang Ho Fan
Published: February 2024

Theoretical considerations have led us to formulate a general equation for the collapse of wood pulp fibres in terms of trans verse dimensions, transverse elastic modulus of the fibre wall, and the collapse pressure. This equation is in agreement with experimental results on the effects of fibre transverse dimensions on collapse. We have also developed an equation for the transverse elastic modulus of the fibre wall in terms of fibril angle and the orthotropic elastic constants. We can therefore confirm the dependence of collapse on the transverse elastic modulus through the effect of fibril angle on the collapse of chemical pulp fibres.
Ink Release from Printed Surfaces – New Methodology and Initial Insights to the True Mechanisms Behind Ink Detachment
Authors:   SCA Packaging Research, Sundsvall, Sweden, Andreasson Ulrika , Wågberg Lars ,   Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to develop and test a new equipment for evaluating the mechanism behind ink detachment from printed model surfaces. The equipment developed for this purpose consisted of an impinging jet cell, a printed model cellulose surface and a microscope equipped with a CCD camera for image collection. By applying image analysis to images of the printed surfaces at different time intervals, during the detachment studies, it was possible to quantify the ink detachment from the surface. Mechanistic studies of offset ink and flexographic ink detachment were also performed with the new equipment. Results show that the flexographic inks seem to be removed by a washing process in which the printed image is gradually removed from the surface. For the offset print the results are quite different. In order to remove the printed offset ink it is necessary to have a certain hydrodynamic shear in combination with a swelling of the cellulose surface. This swelling seems to create a relative movement between the ink and the cellulose surface. In solutions with higher ionic strength no offset ink is removed. These results are in line with earlier assumptions about the deinking mechanisms but in the present work these processes are actually shown for the first time.
An Experimental Study by NMR and SANS of the Ambient Hydration of Paper
Authors:   Australian Pulp and Paper Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Garvey C.J. , Parker I.H. ,   Australian Pulp and Paper Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Simon G.P. ,   Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Whittaker A.K. ,   Centre for Magnetic Resonance, University of Queensland, Knott R.B. ,   Physics Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
Published: February 2024

The structural changes in fibre polymers and dispersion of water in the polymer have been studied at length scales less than 400 Å with contrast variation small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The SANS of hydrating paper samples is discussed in different angular regions in terms of a scattering wavenumber vector, q (q = 4π/λ . sin θ/2 where λ is the wavelength of the neutrons and θ is the scattering angle). At low q close to the neutron beam, the Guinier region, voids in the structure are found to disappear as the microfibrils swell with water. The lateral dimensions of the cellulose crystallite are calculated from x-ray diffraction data and there is a good qualitative correlation with relative size of the crystallites and the appearance of short range of order in the SANS in the mid-range of the q studied. The range of the length scale of the SANS feature is slightly larger than the elementary crystallite which is consistent with layers of swollen cellulose and water around the crystallite. In the high q region, the angular region furthermost from the beam, the scattering is discussed in terms of deviation from Porod scattering. According to this interpretation the interface between cellulose and water is not clearly defined and there is an increase in the amount of surface area for water to bind to. These results are consistent with water disrupting the hydrogen bonding in fibre polymers. The NMR spin diffusion experiment monitors the exchange of magnetisation between water and polymer protons. A simplistic model of this transfer process is justified and indicates that water is not uniformly dispersed in the polymer as a function of moisture content.
Colloidal Stability of Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) Dispersions. Influence of Shear, Electrolyte Concentration, Poly-electrolytes and Surfactants
Authors:   Department of Chemical Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Mattsson Rosa ,   Development Department, AssiDomän Kraftliner, SE-941 86 Piteå, Sweden, Sterte Johan ,   Department of Chemical Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Ödberg Lars ,   Department of Chemical Technology, Luleå University of Technology;AssiDomän Corporate R&D, SE-105 22 Stockholm, Sweden
Published: February 2024

The influence of shear, electrolytes, polyelectrolytes (anionic trash), and surfactants on the colloidal stability of differently formulated AKD dispersions was investigated. The stability was tested under shear in a Britt Dynamic Drainage Jar by measuring particle size distributions and microelectrophoretic mobilities. Three cationic dispersions were used, stabilised with (1) starch with low charge density, (2) starch with medium charge density and a polyaluminum salt, (3) synthetic polymer with high charge density. All dispersions showed good to excellent stability to high levels of shear and electrolytes. All tested dispersions were influenced by carboxymethylcellulose, CMC, and flocculation was induced at a CMC addition giving a z-potential around zero. Dispersions with a higher charge density formed larger flocs and the floc size was a function of the ratio dispersion/CMC. The presence of xylan and sodium oleate only affected the dispersions with high charge density. Experimental results and theoretical calculations of the rate of AKD flocculation are in good agreement. The theoretical calculations are based on Smoluchowski’s equation for collisions between spherical particles in a uniform shear with a correction for hydrodynamic and van der Waals forces between the particles. Calculations indicate that AKD flocculation can compete with deposition on fines and fibres under papermaking conditions.
The Structure of Turbulence in the Near-wall Area of a Channel Flow
Authors:   Energy and Process Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. BOX 589, FIN - 33101 Tampere, Finland, Eloranta H. , Saarenrinne P. ,   Energy and Process Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. BOX 589, FIN - 33101 Tampere, Finland
Published: February 2024

Fluid dynamics plays an essential role in the paper manufacturing process. The quality of paper is affected by the turbulence properties in the headbox and jet. In this paper the structure of turbulence in the wall area of a two-dimensional converging channel is studied experimentally. The measurements are performed with Particle Image Velocimetry, which provides instantaneous two-dimensional velocity fields. The structure of turbulence is studied by analysing both instantaneous and time-mean velocity fields. As a result several kind of flow structures can be identified close to the channel walls. The most prominent are streamwise elongated structures, which manifest themselves as a spatial modulation of the streamwise velocity component. Substantial activity in the near-wall region is related to the mean-shear close to the surface. The mechanisms of the wall-turbulence are discussed in a short review of the main concepts found in the literature. The results of this study are expected to improve the understanding of the significance of the headbox slice boundary layers in the paper-making process.
Wet Pressing – Present Understanding and Future Challenges
Authors:   Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland, Paulapuro Hannu
Published: February 2024

The essential scientific problems in wet pressing are concerned with water removal from the wet web, its runnability and the effect of pressing on the quality of the web and the paper produced from it. This paper briefly reviews the present understanding of the effect of wet pressing on the web and paper quality and discusses some questions concerning the runnability of the web through the press section. The main emphasis is placed on water removal. A short historical review of the development of our present understanding of wet pressing fundamentals is presented. The modelling of wet pressing is also discussed. The water removal from the fibre cell wall starts at fairly low solids contents of the web, in the range of 20–25%. In modern press sections, the solids content of the web after pressing is about 45–50%. At this solids content, most of the water is in the fibre wall. Thus, when trying to enhance water removal further, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms and controlling factors in cell wall dewatering. Present scientific efforts should therefore be focused on finding as invariant and quantitative knowledge as possible on the behaviour of the cell wall under wet pressing conditions. Recent research on cell wall dewatering is reviewed in the paper. Advanced measuring methods such as NMR, solute exclusion, WRV(CCV) and DSC techniques have produced new and to a certain extent invariant information on the cell wall structure and dewatering. As a result, a clearer picture of the differences in the behaviour of mechanical and chemical pulps, softwood and hardwood pulps and different types of fines material has emerged. The effect of hornification and beating has also been clarified. Further development of measuring techniques such as DSC-based thermoporosimetry is most likely to improve our understanding in this area, helping to make it more accurate and invariant.
Densification and Dewatering in High Temperature Wet Pressing
Authors:   STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, Gustafsson Jan-Erik , Kaul Vikram ,   STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, Lobosco Vinicius ,   STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
Published: February 2024

A number of quantitative models of wet pressing have been proposed in the literature but none of them take into account the observed rate dependence of the structural pressure. This rate dependence, which is ascribed to the flow resistance of the water in the fibre walls, should be incorporated in wet pressing models. This paper presents a hydrodynamic model of wet pressing that includes the rate dependence of the structural pressure and thus takes into account the flow resistance of the intra-fibre water. The model is general in the sense that it can predict changes in the state of the fibre web due to a pressure pulse of arbitrary shape, under a wide range of web saturation and temperature conditions. The model can predict the effect of high press-roll temperatures. The predictive capability of the model has been studied with the help of data from the third press of a pilot paper machine. For wet pressing at ambient temperatures, the model gives good predictions of solids content over wide ranges of machine speeds, grammages and linear loads and its predictive capability is quite adequate for most engineering applications. For high press roll temperatures, the predictions are satisfactory over a wide range of press roll temperatures and linear loads but some significant systematic discrepancies occur. These predictions can probably be improved by using better estimates of the hardening curves at high temperatures. Once calibrated, the model can give considerable information about changes in the state of the web as it passes through the nip and some insights about the mechanisms that are active.
Drying of Paper – An Overview, the State of Paper Drying Knowledge
Authors:   Metso Corporation, PO Box 1220, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Karlsson Markku
Published: February 2024

The paper concerns various present and projected future drying technologies employed to dry paper and paperboard products. The topics discussed include moisture distribution and mobility within the web and how this can effect important paper properties. It is suggested that dryer sections have a much higher potential than their present role of simply drying and transporting the web from press to reel and that their future active role will be made possible by sophisticated new drying models specifically developed to predict and control web defects such as curl, mottle and others. Also covered are economics of drying alternatives for various paper and board grades and an overall assessment of future drying technologies including impingement drying, Condebelt drying, impulse drying, direct steam drying, IR and induction and microwave drying. The paper concludes with a look at further needs in fundamental and applied research in drying.
Use of prenatal contacts by pregnant women in the Republic of Congo
Authors: Mbongo Jean-Alfred , Niama Ange Clauvel , Ndziessi Gilbert , Eya Christ , Moundongo Judicaël Bantsimba- , Kintsakieno Rostin , Mouyokani Jérémie
Published: February 2024

Introduction: According to the WHO, antenatal contact increases the likelihood of a favourable pregnancy outcome by 87%. The aim of this study is to assess the use of antenatal contacts in the Congo. Methodology: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from September to December 2021 throughout the Republic of Congo. The data were analysed using R Studio© version 4.2 software. Quantitative variables were expressed as means and standard deviations and qualitative variables as frequency. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Out of a total of 1,797 pregnant women and 64 health facilities, the average age of the women was 26 ± 6 years, and 94% of them had had at least one prenatal contact. For 75.5% of women, the first contact occurred more than 3 months earlier, and the number of prenatal contacts was four or more in 21.42% of cases. There was low coverage of Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT g-SP) and a lack of immunisation against neonatal and maternal tetanus (30.9% and 16.6% respectively). Of the 912 women surveyed to calculate coverage rates for Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT g-SP), 30.9% had good coverage. There are 16.6% of women not immunised against neonatal and maternal tetanus. The centres are geographically accessible to most of the women surveyed (74.7%). Of the 912 women surveyed to calculate coverage rates for Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT g-SP), 30.9% had good coverage. The proportion of women not immunised against neonatal and maternal tetanus was 16.6%. Of the 64 health facilities surveyed, public facilities accounted for 89.1%. The activity package consisted of curative consultations, antenatal care, iron and folic acid supplementation, all at a rate of 64%. These were followed by consultations, family planning (60%) and vaccination (60%). Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is provided at 53%. Conclusion: The rate of use of antenatal contacts remains high in the Congo, but the package of activities required to meet the health needs of pregnant women is inadequate and exposes them to the risk of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. There is therefore an urgent need to improve the completeness and quality of antenatal care in order to prevent maternal and foetal mortality.
Comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with platelet rich plasma and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in gonarthrosis grade I-II
Authors: Grenier Almeyda Gustavo Enrique
Published: February 2024

Background: Worldwide, the incidence of degenerative diseases has increased, mainly gonarthrosis. The World Health Organization estimates that 40% of the population over 70 years of age has gonarthrosis, which may increase in the following decade,1 generating 10%-25% of consultations.2 Treatment with intra-articular Platelet Rich Plasma is an effective therapy.3 Methodology: A cross-sectional, prospective, quasi-experimental, non- randomized study was carried out comparing the evolution of the symptoms of grade I and II gonarthrosis in 140 patients, half treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the other half treated with Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), at the Specialty Clinic N.3, Cuauhtémoc Health Jurisdiction, 2020. Descriptive statistics were analyzed by calculating the mean and standard deviation, inferential statistics through Chi-square. Results: The most affected age group was from 60 to 69 years old with 43.5%, with a female sex prevailing with 33.5%. Most patients were overweight and obese with 39% and 53% respectively. Pain improved in 92% of patients treated with PRP and in 25.7% of patients treated with NSAIDs. The functional capacity of the knee recovered in 97% of the patients treated with PRP and in 35.7% of those treated with NSAIDs. Conclusions: treatment of grade I and II gonarthrosis with intra-articular PRP is more effective than treatment with NSAIDs.
Unique technologies: saving lives to save souls
Authors: Kollars Jr Thomas M
Published: February 2024

There are public health challenges throughout the world. Developing new technologies to reduce the risk and assist in the prevention of infectious diseases is critical. In addition, providing spiritual help using the Gospel of Jesus while providing health technologies can also assist in both hope and salvation. Several technologies were tested. The ProVector® vector control technology was found to be effective in controlling mosquitoes in the laboratory, in the yard of a home, and in a simulated refugee camp. Adult mosquitoes die within a few days after ingesting ProVector Entobac, and when their bodies are placed in water the larvae die. The Bioagent Transport and Environmental System (BioTEMS) was used to provide a risk assessment of malaria should it be introduced into a community in Georgia. The DNAudioDNArt Atomic™ music algorithm was useful found to be useful in educating and assisting communities and individuals facing different health challenges, including malaria, cancers, drug addiction, and the mental challenge from the loss of loved ones. A new song and colors based on fetal development was developed to assist the education of pregnant mothers and communities, that at the moment of conception the child begins to develop. In addition to reducing health challenges, the vector control, music, and art technologies include the Gospel to provide an opportunity for people to come to faith in Jesus.
Review of malformed frogs
Authors: Ebun Ajibola Mary , TO Omoshehin
Published: February 2024

This study reviewed the survey of malformed frogs and the probable causes of their deformities. It analysed the checklist and pattern of malformations in frogs and examined different malformations in frogs of selected articles. It also reviewed the causes of malformation in frogs of different articles. The reviewed showed that limb malformations with 22.41% was the most recorded malformations in frogs with pattern of publications revealed that there was varying trend in article publication which peaked in 2000 and 2023. Different malformations in frogs are abnormal skin, albinism, extra hindlimb, eye malformation. Others are lack of palms, appendages and appendicular, limb malformation, ectrodactyly, brachydactyly and ectrodactyly. The causes of malformations in frogs reviewed includes mutation, parasites, heavy metals, environmental stressors and ultraviolet light. The study concluded that human factors or anthropogenic activities played an important role in malformations in frogs reviewed.
Cyber Security in the Energy Industry Against the Background of Rapid Development of Artificial Intelligence
Authors:   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Mytko L.O.
Published: February 2024

The problems of protecting information resources from cyberattacks of public and private en-terprises are considered based on the analysis of data in the USA for 2022, taking into account the type of cyberattack and estimates of the damage caused. The analysis of cyberattacks allows us to conclude that the security of information resources depends on the human factor for more than 90 percent and it is in this direction that maximum efforts should be made. Improving the protection of information resources is not possible without the use of artificial intelligence (AI). The possibilities of the influence of AI on the cyber defense of the energy industry are consid-ered and areas that require attention in the development of systems of protection against cyber attacks, which are "doomed" to attract the achievements of AI, are proposed. At the same time, it is taken into account that AI not only allows you to increase protection against cyber attacks, but can also make computer networks less secure. And the extraordinary capabilities of neural networks require the urgent creation of agreed international protocols for their developers.
Adaptive Combined Channel Network Coding for Cognitive Radio Networks with Cooperative Relay
Authors:   National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic», Kapiton А.M. , Baranenko R.V. ,   Uman National University of Horticulture, Sokol H.V. ,   National technical university «Kharkiv politechnic institute», Okhrymenko M.Yu. ,   National technical university «Kharkiv politechnic institute»
Published: February 2024

Cognitive radio is one of the new technologies for 4G/5G applications, so cooperative relay communication and network coding are considered as certain methods to help improve their re-spective applications. A primary broadcast system for multimedia video streaming applications that broad¬casts data to primary users and an auxiliary cooperative relay secondary cognitive ra-dio system are considered. The secondary cooperative overlay system can use multiple error control coding methods for point-to-point data retransmission, such as channel coding, network coding, and combi¬ned coding methods to improve system performance under variable link con-ditions. A new technique of adaptive coding of AC2NC combined channel network for data re-transmission is proposed. The new AC2NC first analyzes the channel feedback information and then selects the best retransmission coding technique based on the target bandwidth or trans-mission time optimization. This is instead of using a single static channel or a network coding technique with dynamic channel conditions. The proposed AC2NC improves system through-put, reduces retransmission time, and provides more spectrum access opportunities for the sec-ondary sys¬tem's own data transmissions. AC2NC's relative throughput and time saving capabil-ities for cognitive radio users have been shown to exceed ninety percent, under certain channel conditions, compared to some static coding methods.
Analysis of Computer Vision Methods and Means for Explosive Ordnance Detection Mobile Systems
Authors:   National Aerospace University named after M.E. Zhukovsky ", Mishchuk V.V. ,   Kharkiv Aviation Institute", Fesenko H.V. ,   National Aerospace University named after M.E. Zhukovsky "Kharkiv Aviation Institute"
Published: February 2024

The detection and removal of unexploded ordnance and landmines are vital for ensuring civil-ian safety, enabling the repurposing of affected land, and supporting post-conflict recovery ef-forts. Robotization plays a pivotal role in addressing the hazardous and labor-intensive nature of demining operations. The purpose of this paper is to review prominent computer vision tech-niques, particularly object detection, and analyze their applications in the specialized domain of explosive ordnance detection. An extensive review of the literature was conducted to explore the utilization of computer vision in the field of explosive ordnance detection. The study in-volved a comparative analysis of diverse imaging sensors employed for data capture. Special at-tention was given to reviewing sources that elaborate on different methods for detecting objects within the field of computer vision. Various approaches to object detection were thoroughly examined and compared. The research extensively examined the metrics and datasets used to evaluate different approaches for object detection. Possibilities of applying computer vision methods to detect explosive ordnance under the limitations of mobile platforms were studied. Directions of future research are formulated.
Modeling of Air Pollution in the City Using Thematic Diagrams
Authors:   T.G. Shevchenko Transnistrian State University Republic Moldova, Tiraspol, Bashkatov A.М.
Published: February 2024

The proposed methodology for assessing local pollution levels demonstrates the potential for addressing such tasks in principle. However, its practical implementation necessitates the con-sideration of numerous diverse factors, including unforeseen events such as accidents, com-plexities arising from military scenarios, and human factors. Furthermore, it should account for recent climatic changes characterized by rising temperatures and prolonged precipitation defi-cits, requiring adjustments to correction data for variable Di. Effective utilization of accumulat-ed data and the availability of thematic maps proves advantageous in cities with established ur-ban planning solutions and a stable transport network configuration. Successful implementation hinges on the completeness and reliability of data, accessibility to data and observational out-comes from stationary monitoring stations. Most significantly, the adoption of this metho-dology depends on practical demand and interest, the potential for automation of tasks con-ducted by specialized organizations and services, and compliance with international standards and requirements.
Nomenclatural notes on South American Gentianella (Gentianaceae, Gentianeae, Swertiinae): G. meyeniana
Authors:   Royal Botanical Gardens, P.O. Box 399, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3H8, Pringle J.S. , Zanotti C.A. ,   Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Labardén 200, Casilla de Correo 22, B1642HYD, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Published: February 2024

There is no known original material linked to the name Gentiana meyeniana Griseb. [≡ Gentianella meyeniana (Griseb.) Fabris]. The uncertainty about the correct application of the name, the discrepancies among the published descriptions of the species, and the high affinity in descriptive morphology with the type material of the name Gentianella boliviana support a proposal that the name Gentiana meyeniana be rejected, since the specific epithet of the latter name has priority over boliviana.
Syntaxonomy and ecological differentiation of vegetation of the class Festuco-Brometea in Mykhailivska Tsilyna Nature Reserve
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Larionov M.S.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to syntaxonomy and synphytoindication of steppe vegetation in Mykhailivska Tsilyna Nature Reserve (Sumy Region). Based on phytosociological materials collected in 2021–2022 and literature data, changes of steppe vegetation in the reserve over the past ten years have been analyzed. The plant communities of the class Festuco-Brometea were identified as two subassociations and two variants in three associations, belonging to one alliance and one order. The article provides characteristics of the syntaxa, their ecological requirements, synphytoindication indexes, and results of DCA-ordination of the obtained indexes of ecological factors. It has been found that the main ecological gradients affecting ecological and territorial differentiation of the syntaxa are the soil humidity, nitrogen content in soil, soil aeration, and total salt regime. During the study, an increasing mesophytization of the steppe vegetation was observed, caused by the absence of mowing on the territories that formerly were under the constant mowing regime.
The first record of Arrhenia chlorocyanea (Hygrophoraceae) in Ukraine
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Prydiuk M.P. , Safina N.V. ,   52/3 Klenova Str., Vorzel 08296, Bucha District, Kyiv Region, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

The first record in Ukraine of Arrhenia chlorocyanea (Hygrophoraceae) is reported. The species is rather rare, or mostly overlooked, in Europe. A complete description of the fruit bodies and details of their microscopic structure is provided. In addition, information on the habitats and worldwide distribution of the species is presented. The article is illustrated with original photos and drawings of the fungus.
Demandas de tarefas linguísticas e funções executivas na compreensão de sentenças de alto custo por crianças em idade escolar
Authors: Dos S. Rodrigues Erica , Rosa Ana Augusto Marina , Breia Julianna , Pestana Henrique Lara , Sicuro Corrêa Letícia Maria
Published: February 2024

Este artigo investiga a relação entre compreensão de sentenças de alto custo sintático (passivas, relativas e interrogativas QU-) por parte de crianças e seu desempenho em tarefas de controle inibitório (CI). 74 crianças em idade escolar falantes de português brasileiro foram testadas por meio do MABILIN, uma bateria linguística com identificação de imagens que objetiva identificar crianças em risco de comprometimento linguístico, e por meio de duas versões para crianças do teste de Flanker e do teste Go/no-Go. A complexidade das imagens foi manipulada na compreensão de sentenças com orações relativas ramificadas à direita e interrogativas QU+N. Obteve-se uma correlação positiva entre o desempenho global no teste linguístico e nos testes de CI. Além disso, o desempenho das crianças na análise das imagens complexas também se mostrou correlacionado às habilidades de CI. Os resultados sugerem que as demandas do processo de mapeamento de sentenças em tarefas linguísticas podem ser dependentes de habilidades de CI. Discutem-se as implicações dos resultados obtidos para o rastreamento de crianças com TDL (Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem).
"Tiramos a batuqueira do meio de nós"
Authors: Souza Mariana Pinheiro de , Fagundes Mari Cristina de Freitas
Published: February 2024

O texto aborda o racismo religioso no ambiente de trabalho. A pesquisa é relevante porque a violação de direitos com base no racismo religioso é recorrente, sendo uma faceta do racismo estrutural. O município pesquisado é uma das cidades com maior contingente de negros do Estado, pois foi um grande centro escravocrata do país. Desse modo, o legado de resistência que se desenvolveu – como é o caso das religiões afro-brasileiras – faz com que o racismo estrutural se apresente dissimuladamente. O problema de pesquisa que move o estudo é: como o racismo religioso interfere na trajetória profissional de pessoas residentes na cidade de Pelotas? O objetivo geral foi verificar como o racismo religioso interfere na trajetória profissional de pessoas residentes nesse município, em diferentes organizações e cargos e, os específicos, são: analisar a percepção de trabalhadores afro-religiosos sobre o racismo religioso no ambiente de trabalho e; compreender como a gestão de pessoas pode reduzir essa prática. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas. Como resultado, se identificou que pessoas afro-religiosas sentem medo de manifestar a religiosidade no trabalho e, se o fazem, são punidas com demissões ou desqualificação do seu labor e que uma gestão de pessoas atenta à diversidade religiosa é uma potente estratégia na redução do racismo religioso no ambiente laboral.
THERAPEUTIC USE OF LAVENDER OIL
Authors: Popova-Dobreva D.
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE To establish the scientific directions of lavender oil research and its therapeutic use. METHODS An analysis was made of the available methodological literature in the medical database PubMed related to Lavender oil. Known empirical therapeutic uses of lavender oil are Relaxation and stress relief. Lavender oil is known for its calming properties, which can help promote relaxation and reduce stress and anxiety; Pain relief: Lavender oil has analgesic properties, which means it can help relieve pain. Skincare: Lavender oil has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help soothe and heal minor skin irritations like acne, insect bites, and minor burns; Respiratory support: Digestive health: Lavender oil may also help support digestive health by reducing inflammation in the gut and promoting healthy digestion. RESULTS 501 scientific studies with Lavender oil were found in the medical database PubMed. This publication analyzes the directions of scientific studies. CONCLUSIONS Lavender oil is a popular essential oil that has been used for centuries for its therapeutic properties. A significant part of scientific research is aimed at proving empirically known therapeutic applications.
Kilka lit(h)olinwistycznych uwag o cechach minerałów, skał i kamieni zwerbalizowanych w Małym słowniku wyrazów obcych Michała Arcta z 1911 roku
Authors: Węgorowska Katarzyna
Published: February 2024

Niniejszy artykuł wpisuje się w cykl opracowań z zakresu lit(h)olingwistyki oraz cykl publikacji poświęconych specyfice Małego słownika wyrazów obcych M. Arcta. Jego przedmiotem są, tym razem, cechy minerałów, skał i kamieni zwerbalizowane w ponad stuletnim dziś leksykograficznym kompendium. Na ich podstawie autorka szkicu ustaliła pięć grup definicyjnych, dzięki którym wiadomo, że mineralogiczne, petrograficzne i gemmologiczne okazy, według wydawcy ekscerpowanego słownika, charakteryzują się: 1) jednym specyficznym wyróżnikiem, jak np.: brylant, chloryt; 2) dwoma wyróżnikami, jak np.: granit, malachit; 3) trzema wyróżnikami, jak np.: ametyst, bursztyn; 4) wieloma wyróżnikami, jak np.: agat, opal; 5) wieloma wyróżnikami oraz nazewniczą synonimicznością, jak np.: nefryt = nerkowiec, serpentyn = wężowiec. W rozważaniach zwrócono ponadto uwagę na etymologiczną proweniencję poszczególnych opisanych w nim denotatów oraz niektóre archaiczne formy językowe, jak karnijol, obacz. Wszystkie zinterpretowane w niniejszej lit(h)olingwistycznej propozycji „dane językowe” potwierdzają nie tylko różne sposoby ubogacania polszczyzny, ale też jej rozwój.
W zdrowej rodzinie są zdrowe relacje... O użyciu przymiotnika zdrowy w wybranym znaczeniu
Authors: Lisczyk Karolina
Published: February 2024

Przedmiotem artykułu jest opis użycia wyrażenia zdrowa rodzina (oraz połączeń przymiotnika zdrowy z rzeczownikami: związek, małżeństwo, partnerstwo, koleżeństwo, przyjaźń i relacja). Celem badań jest skonkretyzowanie, jakie treści mieszczą się w zakresie semantycznym tak użytego przymiotnika zdrowy, a także w jakich obszarach tematycznych najczęściej występują analizowane wyrażenia. Przykłady użycia zostały zaczerpnięte z czterech elektronicznych korpusów polszczyzny. Z ich analizy wynika, że wyrażenie zdrowa rodzina jest często nacechowane, w dużej mierze właściwe dyskursowi katolickiemu i prawicowemu. W połączeniu z nazwami różnych relacji zdrowy to wolny od przemocy fizycznej i psychicznej oraz oparty na szacunku, zaufaniu, dobrej komunikacji, szczerości/ uczciwości oraz akceptacji.