bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Templatic Syllable Patterns of Reduplication and Stem-affixing Inflections in the Classical Arabic Based on Prosodic Morphology Theory
Authors: Veysi Elkhas , Abbaszadeh Farangis
Published: November 2016

A morpheme, is a set of feature matrices dominated by a single node. Reduplication or gemination is one of the productive morphological processes which have been studied inclusively in different languages and in the frame of different linguistic theories like Generative Grammar, Optimality Theory and Minimalist Program. McCarthy's prosodic theory is justified by an analysis of the formal properties of the system of verbal processes like reduplication are the primary or sole morphological operations. This theory of nonconcatenative morphology recognizing the root as a discontinuous constituent. Under the prosodic model, a morphological category which characteristically reduplicates simply stipulates an output template composed of vowel and consonant. Consonantal roots and vocalic melodies in Arabic, although they contain bundles of the same distinctive features, can nevertheless be represented on separate autosegmental tiers. This ensures that the association conventions for melodies can operate independently on these two tiers. Association of autosegments from different tiers to the same segments will be subject to the natural restriction that no segment receives multiple associations for the same nontonal feature.
Application of Virtual Team-working in Teaching Productive Skills to Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Chalak Azizeh , Fouladi Forough
Published: November 2016

Application of Virtual Team-Working has provided opportunities to solve the limitations of the traditional ways of teaching and learning. This study investigated, how using virtual team-working could affect teaching productive skills of Iranian EFL learners. A group of 30 Iranian upper intermediate female EFL learners, aged 18-31, in Isfahan Air Base were arranged in two groups. They set up their virtual groups and continued team-work activities during 6 weeks. This study employed a triangulated research approach involving questionnaires, pre/post productive tests, observation, and interview to increase the reliability of the study. Pre/Post productive tests were used to compare the participants’ speaking and writing productions before/after the project, and they were evaluated based on the comparison of their mean scores by Matlab software. A chi-square test was run for each test to see whether the differences between observed and expected results were significant. The results showed that the mean scores of the participants in the posttest were significantly higher than that in the pretest in experimental group. Moreover, the attitudes of the participants towards using virtual team-working were surveyed by using questionnaires. The results of this study may benefit teachers, students, and those involved in teaching and learning.
Stoichiometric Modeling of Oxygen Transportation through the Surface of Isolated Perfused Rat Liver
Authors: Шадрин К.В. , Shadrin K.V.
Published: November 2016

Stoichiometric modeling allows analyzing the features of metabolism both the cell populations and the holistic isolated organs. In this paper,
one of the stoichiometric modeling methods, Flux Balance Analysis, was used to investigate the mechanisms of oxygen transportation through the surface
of the isolated perfused rat liver at various oxygenation conditions. It is shown that the oxygen intake through the surface of the isolated
perfused liver is associated with energy consumption.
Сardiovascular autonomic neuropathy as a diabetes complication
Authors: Latfullin I A , Kim Z F , Mingazetdinov M A
Published: November 2016

The article deals with one of the possible complications of diabetes mellitus - cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy as a variant of diabetic neuropathy. The basic pathogenic mechanisms of development of this condition and clinical manifestations depending on the patient’s age, duration and degree of diabetes compensation, are described. Diagnostic criteria for heart involvement in diabetes mellitus are discussed in detail, from asymptomatic course to sudden patient’s death, from instrumental findings to acute biventricular failure development. The main findings from patient’s work-up (ECG, echocardiography) are named. The principles of prevention and treatment of heart disease in diabetes mellitus are provided. Theory is accompanied by our own clinical observation and is illustrated with ECG. In the clinical case tactics of treatment and prevention of diabetic cardiopathy are suggested.
Instrumental correction during surgical treatment of patients with large soft tissue lipomas
Authors: Izmaylov A G , Dobrokvashin S V , Volkov D E , Pyrkov V A , Zakirov R F , Davlet-Kil’deev S A , Akhmetzyanov R A
Published: November 2016

Aim. To improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with large soft tissue lipomas by developing and implementing of adaptation-distraction device for rapprochement of wound edges.Methods. During the period from 2012 to June, 2016, 61 patients with various localization of large soft tissue lipomas were hospitalized to the department of surgery of Kazan Hospital for war veterans. The patients were divided into 2 groups: control group included 35 (57.4%) patients who had the traditional mass excision with wound sealing, and the study group included 26 (42.6%) patients, on whom instrumental method was applied with the use of adaptation-distraction device for rapprochement of wound edges in order to reduce tissue trauma during removal of the lump and suturing tissues.Results. Clinical use of adaptation-distraction device for removing various tumors of the skin and subcutaneous tissue has demonstrated its advantage over traditional methods. Optimal conditions for radical removal of the tumor with maximum compliance with the rules of ablastics and antiblastics with minimal blood loss (20-45 ml) are created. In control group postoperative wound complications included 2 (5.7%) hematomas and 1 (2.8%) seroma. In the study group 1 (3.8%) patient had hematoma.Conclusion. Use of adaptation-distraction device provides preliminary circular local tissue compression directly near the tumor and in its base, which leads to local preventive hemostasis in surgical wound area without shutting down the blood flow in surrounding tissues; the device allows to make the imposition of primary seams not interrupting the surgery and to avoid eruption.
Diagnosis and treatment of biliary hypertension syndrome in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Shaymardanov R S , Gubaev R F , Khamzin I I , Nuriev I I
Published: November 2016

Aim. To study the efficacy and pancreatic and biliodigestive bypass surgeries combined with or without resection of the pancreatic head in the surgical treatment of biliary hypertension syndrome in chronic pancreatitis.Methods. The analysis of surgical treatment of 87 patients with chronic pancreatitis complicated with biliary tract obstruction was performed. In 78 patients the strictures were tubular and had a length of 2-4 cm, 9 patients had «rat’s tail» shaped strictures and a length of 5-7 cm.Results. In 37 patients various biliodigestive anastomoses without intervention on the pancreas were performed. Unsatisfactory results of choledochoduodenal anastomosis in chronic pancreatitis in long-term follow-up were reported in 3 of 8 interviewed patients. The optimal variant of biliodigestive bypass in chronic pancreatitis with biliary hypertension syndrome is hepaticojejunal anastomosis. In 13 patients different interventions on biliary tract in combination with resection of pancreatic head by Frey were performed. In 13 patients with obstructive forms of chronic pancreatitis with severe pancreatic hypertension pancreaticojejunostomy without resection of the pancreatic head was performed. In the long-term follow up after these surgeries in 7 out of 10 patients the signs of biliary hypertension did not completely resolve. The best results were obtained by using draining pancreatic duct interventions with pancreatic head resection by Frey.Conclusion. In tubular pancreatogenic strictures of the common bile duct when the symptoms of biliary hypertension are severe, the method of choice is hepaticojejunal anastomosis; duodenum preserving resection of pancreatic head in chronic pancreatitis complicated with biliary hypertension should be combined with bile duct draining operations.
Features of drug therapy for patients with myocardial infarction and different glomerular filtration rates
Authors: Belkorey O S , D’yakova E N , Oslopov V N , Khasanov N R
Published: November 2016

Aim. To study the features of treatment of patients with myocardial infarction and different functional state of kidneys at outpatient and inpatient stages of treatment.Methods.A retrospective study included 179 patients admitted to the hospitals of Moscow North-Eastern Administrative District with verified diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Depending on glomerular filtration rate all patients were divided into two groups: patients with acute myocardial infarction and with GFR of ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, and those with GFRResults. Prevalence of arterial hypertension among patients with decreased functional state of kidneys was 94.5% vs. 76.8% among patients with preserved kidney function (p=0.004), prevalence of ischemic heart disease was 36.4% vs. 18.8% respectively (p=0.021). Outpatients administration rate of ACE inhibitors to patients with decreased kidney function was 18.2% and that of statins was 1.8%. Among patients with history of myocardial infarction 24.4% received aspirin, and 35.6% received another antithrombotic medication (P2Y12 platelet receptor inhibitor).Conclusions. Arterial hypertension and history of myocardial infarction, prolonged inpatient stay were observed more frequently in patients with decreased kidney function; outpatient administration of ACE inhibitors, statins and antithrombotic medications to patients with history of myocardial infarction and decreased kidney functional ability was rare.
Surgical tactics in patients with pancreatic necrosis and its complications
Authors: Krasil’nikov D M , Abdul’janov A V , Zajnullin I V , Borodin M A , Zefirov R A , Imamova A M
Published: November 2016

Aim. Improving the results of surgical treatment of patients with pancreatic necrosis and its complications based on developing optimal variants of surgical interventions for each case.Methods. The article presents experience of surgical treatment of 344 patients with pancreatic necrosis admitted to surgical clinic №1 of Kazan state medical university in Republican clinical hospital (Kazan) during the period from 2009 to 2015. According to the developed procedure of choosing the optimal treatment options for patients with pancreatic necrosis, depending on the stage, degree of involvement of pancreas and retroperitoneal space and the presence of complications, patients underwent a variety of options and combinations of types of surgical interventions. Under the guidance of X-ray 124 surgeries were performed, in 69 (20.1%) cases surgical interventions under ultrasound (US) guidance were completed with open surgical intervention.Results. Videolaparoscopic interventions with therapeutic and diagnostic purposes were performed in 198 patients with lethal outcomes in 3 (3.1%) cases. As a completed intervention videolaparoscopy was performed in 49 (24.7%) cases. 226 (65.7%) patients underwent open surgery. Most patients required combined surgical treatment, which included a combination of minimally invasive procedures and open surgery in 199 (57.9%) patients.Conclusion. Use of combined methods of surgical treatment in patients with infected pancreatic necrosis greatly improves treatment outcomes; a combination of minimally invasive and open surgery can significantly reduce postoperative mortality in pancreatic necrosis from 17.8% to 12.5%.
Main causes of difficult intubation
Authors: Gorbunov S V , Bayalieva A Zh , Ustimov D Yu , Nagimullin R R
Published: November 2016

Difficult or unsuccessful intubation occur in anesthesiologist’s practice infrequently but such situations may have direct threat to a patient’s life. Often mortality associated with anesthesia is caused precisely by difficulties of intubation. The article deals with analyses of the causes of possible difficult intubation in the practice of anesthesiologist and intensivist in planned and emergency situations. Mallampati test, evaluation of thyromantal distance and mobility of atlanto-occipital joint can be used to predict difficult intubation. According to most recent publications, the most effective way to predict it is the «LEMON» score. Ample opportunities for overcoming difficulties of tracheal intubation are created by recently introduced techniques of videolaryngoscopy - different types of video laryngoscope-modifications of Macintosh blades. Their features compared to classic intubation with the use of Macintosh and Magil blades are excellent view and complete visual control of structures of the larynx.
Boerhaave syndrome in emergency abdominal surgery
Authors: Chikaev V F , Bondarev Yu V , Mavzyutov A L , Sorokina E S
Published: November 2016

Aim. To present a case of spontaneous rupture of esophagus taking into account its rarity, diversity of clinical manifestations, complexity of making a diagnosis and treatment of this disease.Methods. Over the past three years in Kazan City Clinical Hospital №7 three cases of the esophageal damage were registered. The age of the patients ranged from 48 to 67 years, including 2 females and 1 male with spontaneous rupture of esophagus.Results. A 48-year old patient was admitted to the hospital complaining of vomiting with blood followed by appearance of retrosternal pain which appeared immediately after the holiday and nutritional stress. Emergency fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS) was performed. Endoscopy revealed signs suggestive of diaphragmatic hernia, and 2 ruptures of esophageal mucous membrane up to 3 cm on the left wall of esophagus above the cardiac sphincter. The diagnosis of Mallory-Weiss syndrome complicated with bleeding was made. Surgery: laparotomy, abdominal revision. The abdominal cavity had dark hemorrhagic discharge, inflamed peritoneum and signs of diffuse peritonitis. Diaphragmatic crurotomy was performed. Revision of abdominal esophagus revealed two longitudinal ruptures of the left esophageal wall 1.5 and 3 cm long 8 cm up from the cardiac sphincter. The ruptures were sutured by discontinuous atraumatic encircling stitch. Lower mediastinum was drained with two double-lumen tubes, the gastric probe was installed through the nose. During the follow up CT scan and ultrasound of thoracic cavity were performed. Liquid nutrition through the probe lasted up to 20 days. The mediastinum was lavaged through double-lumen tube with an aqueous solution of chlorhexidine and chymotrypsin up to 32 days. The patient was discharged on day 34 in a satisfactory condition.Conclusion. One of the etiologic factors of spontaneous esophageal rupture may be diaphragmatic hernia of the esophagus with increased intraesophageal pressure; early surgical intervention, suturing of esophageal rupture, mediastinal drainage and lavage in the postoperative period are fundamental steps in the treatment of esophageal rupture.
Spondylodiscitis: early diagnosis and management of patients
Authors: Khafizova I F , Popova N A , Panyukhov A G , Gumerov F R
Published: November 2016

Spondylodiscitis is an inflammatory disease of vertebral structures involving intervertebral discs and adjacent vertebral bodies and joints. The main complaint is back pain that is known to be the most prevalent complaint in the general population. Diagnosis of spondylodiscitis is difﬁcult and is often characterized by delay from the debut of symptoms. It is due to the rarity of the disease and non-specificity of its symptoms. The aim was to determine the basic principles of early diagnosis of pyogenic spondylodiscitis. In the present study performed in Kazan City clinical hospital №7, a retrospective analysis of 7 cases of spondylodiscitis during the period from may 2014 to September 2016 was performed. The diagnosis was maid with the use of neuroimaging. In most cases, the lumbar spine was affected. The most common presentation was pain syndrome, moderate to severe. Delay in making a diagnosis from the beginning of the disease was 86.2 days. After antibiotic therapy all patients noted improvement. The study demonstrated that early diagnosis of spondylodiscitis remains a challenge and at the same time requires timely adequate treatment with antibacterial agents. Magnetic resonance imaging is a method of choice for making a diagnosis.
Severe pneumonia in clinical practice
Authors: Khamitov R F , Pal’mova L Yu , Sulbaeva K R
Published: November 2016

Severe pneumonia is the actual problem of present respiratory medicine due to the pronounced impact on mortality and economic expenses of health care. For this reason the aim was to study the regional predictors of fatal severe pneumonia with subsequent development of guidelines for optimizing various aspects of diagnosis and treatment of these group of patients. Retrospective analysis of 62 case histories of admitted patients, who died from severe pneumonia during the calendar year, was performed. The results showed that lethal outcomes of severe pneumonia mostly occur in intensive care units. Analysis of performed laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures was conducted to reveal the most significant prognosis markers. The main mistakes in administering medications, firstly antimicrobial, were analyzed. Antibiotic therapy was proclaimed completely optimal only in 18% of cases. The analysis allows to make conclusions about the need for rational minimization of diagnostic complex for hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia with mandatory measurement of oxygen saturation, sputum study and chest X-ray in two projections directly on the first day. Along with timely correction of treatment these methods will allow optimizing the total cost of treatment. Ceftriaxone is a leading administered drug in severe pneumonia with lethal outcomes. Appearingly, first of all, it is determined by the absolute predominance of cheap generic drug forms in pharmaceutical market which do not provide adequate clinical efficiency. Underrated high potential of semisynthetic aminopenicillins in severe pneumonia treatment was identified.
Wavelet Transform as an Alternative to Power Transformation in Time Series Analysis
Authors: Ogbonna Chukwudi Justin , Nweke C. Jeol , Nwogu Eleazer C. , Iwueze Iheanyi Sylvester
Published: November 2016

This study examines the discrete wavelet transform as a transformation technique in the analysis of non-stationary time series while comparing it with power transformation. A test for constant variance and choice of appropriate transformation is made using Bartlett’s test for constant variance while the Daubechies 4 (D4) Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used for wavelet transform. The stationarity of the transformed (power and wavelet) series is examined with Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test (ADF). The stationary series is modeled with Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) Model technique. The model precision in terms of goodness of fit is ascertained using information criteria (AIC, BIC and SBC) while the forecast performance is evaluated with RMSE, MAD, and MAPE. The study data are the Nigeria Exchange Rate (2004-2014) and the Nigeria External Reserve (1995-2010). The results of the analysis show that the power transformed series of the exchange rate data admits a random walk (ARIMA (0, 1, 0)) model while its wavelet equivalent is adequately fitted to ARIMA (1,1,0). Similarly, the power transformed version of the External Reserve is adequately fitted to ARIMA (3, 1, 0) while its wavelet transform equivalent is adequately fitted to ARIMA (0, 1, 3). In terms of model precision (goodness - of - fit), the model for the power transformed series is found to have better fit for exchange rate data while model for wavelet transformed series is found to have better fit for external reserve data. In forecast performance, the model for wavelet transformed series outperformed the model for power transformed series. Therefore, we recommend that wavelet transform be used when time series data is non-stationary in variance and our interest is majorly on forecast.
Emulación del Videojuego “Pong”, usando Robots Móviles con herramientas Lego Mindstorms Nxt 2.0
Authors: Infante Moreno Wilson , Bautista Rodríguez Juan , Berdugo Romero Edwin
Published: November 2016

El presente trabajo describe la elaboración e implementación de dos robots móviles, utilizando LEGO® MindStrom NXT 2.0 y la aplicación de la plataforma LABVIEW, para reproducir, de forma física,  el video juego Pong®, con el fin de implementar las acciones de bloquear y lanzar una pelota en futbol robótico, así como también introducir el estudio de asignación de roles o tareas  a este escenario, ya que en un momento dado uno de los robots lanzará la pelota y el otro robot deberá atraparla, posteriormente se cambiarán sus roles y de esta forma los robots podrán interactuar igual que en el videojuego comercializado por Atari; permitiendo de alguna manera que los robots actuarán de forma defensiva y ofensiva cambiando de rol según la situación de juego. Debido  a que, cada robot presenta comportamientos muy simples y la interacción de estos permite un comportamiento global, no se utilizó un estructura explícita de coordinación, ni un protocolo de comunicación entre los miembros del sistema para la asignación de tareas, tal como lo realizan los mecanismos swarm intelligence, inspirado en colonias de insectos.  Teniendo presente algunas limitaciones de procesamiento de las herramientas de Lego para la respuesta de los robots, se observó en diferentes pruebas el buen desempeño y funcionamiento de los robots móviles para comportamiento global muy parecido al juego Pong® El proyecto se llevó a cabo con la colaboración del grupo de investigación en Robótica Móvil Autónoma “ROMA” de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Facultad Tecnológica.
Reflections on the Politics of Power Patriarchy in Vietnamese Gender Employment
Authors: Lam Thi Loan , Laura Ron
Published: November 2016

The advent of Feminism, and the philosophical ideas it has engendered, have impacted significantly to improve 'gender equality', especially in the western world. However, such ideas represent relatively new, and from the public's perspective, unconventional concepts in Viet Nam. There is still a very strong underpinning of Confucianism which pervades and shapes community perspectives on the roles which women should and should not play. Nonetheless, a burgeoning governmental awareness of the depth of the problem of covert gender inequity is slowly but steadily surfacing, along with legislation that has encouraged and supported an increasing number of women to undertake education and employment at the tertiary level. Despite the admirable efforts of the government, there exists a cultural phenomenon of blatant inequity, now known popularly as the “glass ceiling effect” (i.e., a transparent structural barrier which compromises the spirit of equity which would otherwise afford women with the same opportunities to executive appointments in many areas of executive leadership as extend to men. The study presented here about the access women have to executive positions in Tertiary Education shows clearly that despite the fact that many women are as professionally qualified as the male applicants with whom they compete, there are significantly fewer women in executive tertiary employment than men.
May There Be Peace: Teaching- Learning Approaches and Strategies in the Cultivation of Lasallian Peace Culture
Authors: Resurreccion Analiza D.
Published: November 2016

This study sought to identify teaching- learning approaches and strategies in the cultivation of peace culture in De La Salle Lipa, Philippines. Interviews were conducted among selected professors in the College of Education, Arts, and Sciences who carry out peace initiatives through courses they teach. Content analysis of the syllabi of the courses that carry out peace concepts was also done. The findings identified holistic, participatory, cooperative, humanist, and experiential approaches evident in teaching courses that carry out peace concepts. It was recommended that the institution formalizes peace efforts if it is really committed to creating a condition conducive to peace whether at an intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup, national, or international level.
A Mechanistic Understanding of Asphaltenes Precipitation From Varying-Saturate-Concentration Perspectives
Authors: Prakoso A. A. , Punase A. D. , Hascakir B..
Published: November 2016

Asphaltenes precipitation within reservoir pores or production flowlines can severely hamper the petroleum-extraction process. Although the effect of temperature and pressure on asphaltene deposition is well-known, the manner in which the variations in oil composition affect the asphaltenes-precipitation mechanism requires more clarity. This work investigates the effect of crude-oil compositional change on asphaltene stability. The impact of oil composition is analyzed by preparing pseudocomponents through blending the crude oil with their own saturates fractions.

A systematic characterization of 11 different bitumen and crude-oil samples was carried out by density and viscosity measurements and the determination of the elemental composition and saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) contents. Further analyses were conducted on the asphaltenes separated by use of n-pentane. The cluster size was determined by a particle-size analyzer, and the stability of asphaltenes was evaluated by zeta-potential. The molecular structure of SARA fractions and bulk crude-oil samples was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Onset-of-asphaltenes-precipitation (OAP) tests on crude-oil samples were achieved by the addition of different solvents (n-pentane, n-heptane, and crude-oil saturates fraction).

While the physical characterization studies could only provide weak relations between the density/viscosity and the asphaltene content of the bulk samples, it has been found that mainly the ratio of the heavy (resins + asphaltenes) to light (saturates +aromatics) fractions controls the viscosity and the °API value of the crude oils. As this ratio increases, the crude oil becomes more viscous and dense. Also, the asphaltene/resin ratio was found to be critical because of its impact on asphaltene stability, which was determined through zeta-potential measurements. The high asphaltene/resin ratios result in low asphaltene stability; however, this effect is surpassed by the higher aromatics fraction in the bulk oil. Asphaltene stability was further studied with OAP tests. The OAP-test results provide the behavior of asphaltenes after the interaction of bulk oil samples with normal saturated hydrocarbons; however, our study improves the OAP-test procedure by conducting OAP tests with crude oil's own saturates fractions. The interaction of saturates fraction with crude oil resulted in more asphaltenes precipitation compared with interaction of n-pentane and n-heptane. The FTIR analyses indicate the presence of impurities in saturates fractions, and these impurities are believed to cause higher asphaltenes precipitation as a result of the polar nature of the impurities.
Dexmedetomidine to enable MRI scanning in a patient with airway compromise
Authors: Scott‐Warren Victoria , Sebastian Joseph , Eadsforth Peter
Published: November 2016

We present the case of an obese gentleman with airway compromise due to a large tumour within the left thoracic inlet, who required a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to plan further treatment. He was profoundly claustrophobic and required sedation in order to undergo the scan. We describe the use of dexmedetomidine supplemented with a small amount of midazolam to successfully sedate the patient whilst avoiding respiratory depression and obtundation of airway reflexes associated with higher doses of midazolam or propofol sedation.
Peripherally inserted central catheter causing life‐threatening cardiac tamponade
Authors: Ridler Simon , Nixon Chris
Published: November 2016

We report a 60‐yr‐old female who had a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) for parenteral nutrition (TPN). Insertion was uneventful although the line was seen to extend into the right ventricle. The line was re‐positioned but soon after commencing TPN she collapsed. Computerised tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) demonstrated a pericardial effusion with a high fat content. Pericardiocentesis revealed fluid with a high triglyceride content and confirmed pericardial placement of ther tip of the catheter. The patient subsequently made an uneventful recovery.

We could only find one other case in the literature of pericardial tamponade after PICC placement in an adult. The exact anatomical course of this line remains unclear despite careful review of radiological imaging. We discuss methods to gauge appropriate line length, possible signs on chest radiography and the immediate management of pericardial tamponade. Resuscitation via a malpositioned line may prove catastrophic; if doubt exsists the line should not be used.
Successful continuous 32‐day epidural analgesia in a pregnant woman with cervical cancer
Authors: Gach Marcin , Domagalska Anna , Turek Dariusz , Kalinka Jaroslaw
Published: November 2016

A 36‐year‐old pregnant lady was admitted at 26 weeks gestation with abdominal pain radiating to the groin and back. Physical examination, biopsy of the cervix and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed cervical carcinoma. As the patient wished to continue with the pregnancy, a decision was made to perform elective caesarean section at 34 weeks. Due to persistent severe pain despite systemic analgesics, the decision to insert a tunnelled epidural catheter was made in order to provide long term analgesia. Repeated boluses of 0.2% ropivacaine or 0.2‐0.25% bupivacaine with morphine, depending on numerical rating scale (NRS) values, were administered. Co‐medication consisted of intravenous acetaminophen. Preterm delivery by caesarean section at 32 weeks gestation was performed because the patient went into labour. The epidural catheter was in situ for 32 days with no complications.
The anaesthetic implications of severe citric acid allergy
Authors: Kumar Alex , Comara Sno
Published: November 2016

We present an unusual case of severe citric acid allergy and discuss the implications for anaesthetic management of a patient undergoing elective Caesarean section.
El concepto “ambiente”, una reflexión epistemológica sobre su uso y su estandarización en las ciencias ambientales
Authors: Morales Jasso Gerardo
Published: November 2016

En el presente artículo se analizan tres significados de ambiente y se plantean las tensiones que implican dos de ellas con el fin de proponer la adopción de uno de los significados para su uso en las ciencias ambientales. Se distingue ambiente de categorías como hábitat, naturaleza, ecosistema y a través de una argumentación epistemológica, se genera una propuesta para las ciencias ambientales en la que ambiente es redefinido en un sentido sistémico. También se propone el cuestionamiento de ideas dualistas que generan tensiones que sólo pueden ser resueltas con base en paradigmas que superen el disyuntivismo mecanicista.
Characteristics of greywater from different sources within households in a community in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Bakare B. F. , Mtsweni S. , Rathilal S.
Published: November 2016

The reuse of greywater is steadily gaining importance in South Africa. Greywater contains pollutants that could have adverse effects on the environment and public health if the water is not treated before reuse. Successful implementation of any greywater treatment process depends largely on its characteristics in terms of the pollutant strength. This study investigated the physico-chemical characteristics of greywater from different sources within 75 households in a community in Durban, South Africa. The study was undertaken to create an understanding of greywater quality from different sources within and between households. Greywater samples were collected from the kitchen, laundry and bathing facilities within each of the households. The samples were analysed for: pH, conductivity, turbidity, total solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). There was a significant difference in the parameters analysed between the greywater from the kitchen compared with the greywater from the bathtub/shower and laundry. It was also observed that the characteristics of greywater from the different households varied considerably. The characteristics of the greywater obtained in this study suggest that the greywater generated cannot be easily treatable using biological treatment processes and/or technologies due to the very low mean BOD : COD ratio (<0.5).
Removal of Cd, Cu and Zn ions from aqueous solutions using natural and Fe modified sepiolite, zeolite and palygorskite clay minerals
Authors: Bahabadi Fatemeh Nasseri , Farpoor Mohammad Hady , Mehrizi Majid Hejazi
Published: November 2016

Metal ions such as Cu, Cd, and Zn are toxic and considered as hazardous pollutants due to their stability in the environment. In this study, the natural and Fe (III) modified sepiolite, palygorskite, and zeolite clay minerals were used for the removal of Cu, Zn, and Cd ions from aqueous solutions. The iron chloride 1 M was used for mineral modification and the capacity of sorbent was assessed in a batch experiment containing six starting concentration of sorbents ranging from 10 mg L−1 to 140 mg L−1. Results of the study showed higher removal efficiency for modified compared to natural clays. Removal efficiency of Cd, Cu, and Zn for zeolite was increased by 15.5, 30.2 and 21.4%, respectively, after modification. Zn removal by sepiolite remained unchanged after surface modification, whereas Cu and Cd removal was increased respectively by 13.6 and 21.2%. Palygorskite modification process also increased 38.14% of Cu, 25.5% of Zn, and 28.4% of Cd sorption compared to its unmodified form. Equilibrium sorption isotherm studies showed that the experimental data were better fitted by the Freundlich sorption isotherm (r2 > 0.99) than the Langmuir (r2 > 0.82). In general, the investigated minerals are suggested as efficient sorbents for the removal of Cd, Cu, and Zn ions from contaminated aqueous solutions.
La memoria como dilema del recuerdo en las heridas morales.
Authors: Vargas-Montañez Nelson Orlando
Published: November 2016

El propósito de este texto es reconocer el papel de la memoria como dispositivo en el reconocimiento de las heridas morales. La memoria es parte esencial de la condición humana, más aun de la identidad de los pueblos. Hacer mención a la memoria está en función al reconocimiento de los sujetos, dando lugar al recuerdo como síntesis del no-olvido, puesto que el recuerdo hace que las heridas vayan sanando. Abrir las heridas permite reconocer el sentido de la memoria en el bagaje social, pero tan solo esto es posible en la medida en que exista el diálogo entre los individuos. Es en el diálogo en el que nos re-significamos como sujetos sociales puesto que tenemos la posibilidad de realizarnos, de re-situarnos y de construir la diversidad que constituye la fuerza del reconocimiento de los pueblos. Para lograr el objetivo del tema es pertinente abordar una estructura que permita afrontar la discusión epistemológicamente establecida desde un marco de “memoria y no-olvido en el ámbito de la democracia”. Así, el análisis está inscrito en la investigación cualitativa con un enfoque hermenéutico, lo cual permitirá explorar y leer los textos y situaciones presentadas de los sujetos.
Un nuevo fragmento de Pitágoras
Authors: Martínez Lacy Ricardo
Published: November 2016

D.S. XVIII.1.1 contiene una cita de Pitágoras que no ha sido tomada en cuenta como fragmento, a pesar de que no puede haber dudas de que el autor se basaba en una obra considerada auténtica.
Comentarios a Categorías y autoconciencia en Kant de Pedro Stepanenko
Authors: Leyva Gustavo
Published: November 2016

El libro Categorías y autoconciencia en Kant de Pedro Stepanenko expone las distintas perspectivas desde las cuales Kant pretendió justificar la objetividad de las categorías. En esta exposición, Stepanenko se ha apoyado en el estudio sobre la génesis de la deducción trascendental que Wolfgang Carl lleva a cabo en su libro Der schweigende Kant. A pesar de que Stepanenko se mueve una y otra vez en dirección de una reconstrucción argumentativa, cabe preguntarse si logra liberarse de la estrategia interpretativa de W. Carl, para la cual los textos de Kant se abordan básicamente como expresión de las intenciones argumentativas del autor, reeditando, al parecer, la vieja divisa del “retorno al texto”.
Categorías y autoconciencia en Kant de Pedro Stepanenko
Authors: Cabrera Isabel
Published: November 2016

Esta discusión pretende, por un lado, resaltar el valor heurístico de la interpretación de la deducción trascendental que propone Pedro Stepanenko en este libro y, por otro, cuestionar la precisión de algunas de sus conclusiones.
Tiempos, objetos y sucesos en la metafísica estoica
Authors: Salles Ricardo
Published: November 2016

El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar las tesis que sostuvieron los primeros estoicos sobre la individualización de los tiempos (¿qué determina que un instante sea distinto de otro?). En contra de una objeción que formuló Jonathan Barnes contra la coherencia de la teoría estoica del eterno retorno —objeción que presupone que, para los estoicos, t y t* son distintos sólo si los cuerpos y sucesos que se dan en t son distintos de los cuerpos y sucesos que se dan en t* —, intento mostrar que en la metafísica estoica las diferenciaciones temporales no presuponen diferenciaciones en lo que existe en el tiempo, lo cual implica que en ella puede haber tiempo sin cambio.
Algunas consecuencias filosóficas del trabajo de Kurt Gödel
Authors: Cardona Suárez Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2016

El artículo presenta los argumentos que le permiten a Gödel defender el realismo platónico a partir de sus resultados de incompletitud. Se sostiene que hay un estrecho paralelismo con lo que podríamos denominar el fracaso del programa cartesiano. El programa cartesiano fracasó al querer mostrar la autonomía plena de la razón y tuvo que reconocer en la intuición sensorial otra fuente del conocimiento objetivo de los objetos externos. De la misma manera, el programa de Hilbert, como se deduce de los teoremas de incompletitud de Gödel, fracasó al querer mostrar la plena autonomía de la razón formalizada. En ese sentido, el único recurso que le queda al matemático para salvar el carácter descriptivo de sus proposiciones, a juicio de Gödel, es apoyarse en la intuición de los conceptos abstractos. El argumento de Gödel exige que la mente humana no se pueda reducir a un mecanismo. Esta segunda exigencia es también paralela a la defensa del dualismo cartesiano.
Deconstrucción de la irrealidad
Authors: Faria Paulo
Published: November 2016

El artículo presenta una crítica a la adopción por Samuel Cabanchik del “irrealismo” de Goodman para clarificar y extender las observaciones de Austin acerca del significado de “real”. Siguiendo a Cora Diamond, se distingue el realismo metafísico del “espíritu realista” —una actitud hacia los problemas filosóficos que excluye cualquier tesis semejante al irrealismo goodmaniano, y que la obra de Austin ejemplifica. Se rastrea el origen del nominalismo de Goodman acerca de las especies —la fuente de su irrealismo— en su trabajo anterior sobre la inducción; sin embargo, se muestra que dicho nominalismo está subdeterminado por la prueba goodmaniana de que el proyecto de una lógica formal de la confirmación (Hempel, Oppenheim) estaba destinado al fracaso. Con base en algunas observaciones de Quine sobre la Paradoja de los Cuervos, se esboza una defensa de la relevancia filosófica de cualesquiera restricciones empíricas pueda haber sobre el atrincheramiento de conceptos. El argumento se cierra con una breve discusión del examen hecho por Austin de las variedades de la irrealidad, con la que se pretende dejar en claro por qué el Austin de Cabanchik no podría ser Austin.
Subjetividad y culpabilidad
Authors: Hurtado Guillermo
Published: November 2016

Ésta es una nota crítica del libro Culpabilidad y resistencia de Óscar Martiarena. Se afirma que el autor no ofrece suficientes datos para probar la tesis central del libro que consiste en que los indios del virreinato se resistieron a convertirse en conciencias individuales culpables, tal como pretendían los sacerdotes católicos que les inculcaban la práctica de la confesión. También se sostiene que no es correcta la manera en la que Martiarena conecta las nociones de autonomía y culpabilidad.
Lo viejo, lo nuevo y su absorción. Comentario a "Viejo y nuevo pragmatismo" de Susan Haack
Authors: Esteban J. Miguel
Published: November 2016

En estas páginas retomo la discusión sobre Susan Haack: “Viejo y nuevo pragmatismo” (Diánoia 47) iniciada en este mismo volumen por Ramón del Castillo. En la primera sección abordo el tema de la autenticidad, la seriedad en oposición al carácter antiintelectual que Haack adscribe al neopragmatismo. En la segunda presento algunos argumentos de James y Dewey que respaldan la continuidad entre viejo y nuevo pragmatismo, para después aportar algunos elementos debidos a Hookway que hacen que el cuadro de la filosofía de Peirce resulte algo más complejo de lo que Haack sugiere en “Viejo y nuevo pragmatismo”. A partir de ahí contrapondré algunas consecuencias de los pragmatismos de Dewey y Peirce para la filosofía social. Por último, en la tercera parte, matizo algunas afirmaciones de Haack sobre el pragmatismo de Quine e intento presentar una imagen moderada del neopragmatismo de Rorty, una actitud filosófica más acorde con una teoría deweyana de la investigación como la que, según Haack, Rorty ha abandonado de una vez por todas.
Neoliberalismo, globalización y filosofía social
Authors: García de la Sienra Adolfo
Published: November 2016

Este trabajo empieza mostrando que la utopía, la cual no es más que una representación imaginaria de una sociedad en la que se habría realizado el ideal humanista secular de la personalidad libre y autónoma, es inviable y necesaria como criterio direccional para la crítica del proceso de globalización. Introduce en segundo término una concepción filosófica que reconoce la nomicidad del mundo (su sujeción a leyes naturales y normas supraarbitrarias de diferentes tipos), para mostrar que el proceso de integraciónmundial está impulsando por dicha nomicidad, si bien distorsionado debido a una relativa desobediencia a la misma. Concluye con una apreciación de dicho proceso pero también con la exigencia de poner en vigor ciertas normas de desarrollo histórico que lo dirijan por una senda más equilibrada y justa.
Un modelo multiculturalista más allá de la tolerancia
Authors: Olivé León
Published: November 2016

En este artículo defiendo la tesis de que en las sociedades multiculturales donde hay desigualdades económicas, sociales y materiales entre pueblos o entre culturas, el establecimiento por parte del Estado, o de entidades supraestatales o de organismos internacionales de políticas de compensación o de un trato diferencial en la asignación de recursos a favor de los pueblos o de las culturas que tienen desventajas, se justifica sobre la base de un principio de justicia social. Se discute la noción pertinente de justicia social, basada en la idea de la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas de todos los miembros de la sociedad.
¿Puede realmente una mayoría estar equivocada?
Authors: S. Robledo Luis
Published: November 2016

Este trabajo se centra en la concepción rortiana de la justificación epistémica como el consenso asertivo comunitario y pretende ofrecer un argumento en contra de la identificación de ambas nociones. La crítica explota la perspectiva pragmatista que Rorty defiende: se propone entender que los estándares de justificación son históricocontextuales y se trata de mostrar que la reducción de la justificación al consenso entra en conflicto con esta idea. Para ello primero se exponen y evalúan los argumentos de Putnam contra la concepción rortiana que giran en torno del problema del relativismo, así como las réplicas de Rorty. En segundo lugar se arguye que nuestra noción de sentido común de la justificación impide la identificación entre justificación y consenso, y abre la posibilidad de que una comunidad pueda estar mayoritariamente equivocada respecto de cuáles creencias están justificadas.
¿Qué es el absolutismo lógico? Respuesta a Alejandro Tomasini
Authors: Hernández Márquez Víctor Manuel
Published: November 2016

El presente texto es una respuesta a la reseña que el profesor Tomasini ha hecho de mi libro Lógica, lenguaje y realidad. Argumento que su crítica está equivocada en al menos cinco puntos importantes: 1) Descuida las diferencias entre la distinción de van Heijenoort y la de Hintikka, entre la lógica como lenguaje y el lenguaje como medio universal; y de paso, también la mía. 2) Su demanda por una definición clara de la noción de absolutismo lógico se encuentra desencaminada. 3) Confunde mi interpretación del absolutismo de Wittgenstein con la llamada teoría pictórica. 4) La interpretación heredada sobre la aritmética de Wittgenstein, sostenida por Tomasini, es errónea en varios sentidos y no puede usarse contra la interpretación que él opone; esto es, contra el logicismo. 5) Por último, la discusión de Tomasini sobre la noción de analiticidad de Frege se encuentra simplemente fuera de lugar.
Principios lógicos y principios morales: la identidad de los indiscernibles
Authors: Quesada Raúl
Published: November 2016

Partiendo de la definición de la identidad en Principia Mathematica, aquí se discute el estatus lógico del principio de la identidad de los indiscernibles con los criterios y argumentos de Leibniz y Clarke. En la defensa que hace Leibniz de este principio se establece la distinción entre una necesidad lógica y una necesidad moral, relacionada con la existencia y el buen juicio de Dios, que se resume en el principio de razón suficiente; esta posición se puede relacionar con el Tractatus, donde se critica a Russell en términos similares a los que Clarke usó en contra de Leibniz. Wittgenstein, sin embargo, habla de la experiencia necesaria para entender la lógica: la experiencia fundamental de que algo es; así, se puede sugerir un paralelo entre su posición y la distinción de Leibniz, el cual también nos llevaría a replantear y repensar en términos leibnizianos la independencia radical de la lógica.
Algunas observaciones sobre la educación poético-musical en la Exposición de la “República” de Platón de Averroes
Authors: López Farjeat Luis Xavier
Published: November 2016

El propósito de este trabajo es comentar los pasajes en donde Averroes estudia el papel de la educación poético-musical en la Exposición parafrasística de la “República” de Platón. El conocimiento del corpusaristotélico y el legado de algunos de sus predecesores árabes le permiten a Averroes hacer algunas consideraciones sobre los tipos de discurso y, en particular, sobre el discurso poético. Como se sabe, el papel de los poetas en la polis es un asunto al que Platón presta atención en varios fragmentos de su República. Las observaciones de Averroes se apartan sutilmente de la filosofía platónica e intentan mostrar la importancia de la ciencia política en el contexto islámico.