bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent advances and future perspectives of Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite oxides electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries
Authors: Zhou Chongyang , Guo Weibin , Fan Jiayao , Shi Naien , Zhao Yi , Yang Xu , Ding Zhen , Han Min , Huang Wei
Published: June 2024

All‐solid‐state batteries equipped with solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) have gained significant interest due to their enhanced safety, energy density, and longevity in comparison to traditional liquid organic electrolyte‐based batteries. However, many SSEs, such as sulfides and hydrides, are highly sensitive to water, limiting their practical use. As one class of important perovskites, the Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite oxides (RPPOs), show great promise as SSEs due to their exceptional stability, particularly in terms of water resistance. In this review, the crystal structure and synthesis methods of RPPOs SSEs are first introduced in brief. Subsequently, the mechanisms of ion transportation, including oxygen anions and lithium‐ions, and the relevant strategies for enhancing their ionic conductivity are described in detail. Additionally, the progress made in developing flexible RPPOs SSEs, which are critical for flexible and wearable electronic devices, has also been summarized. Furthermore, the key challenges and prospects for exploring and developing RPPOs SSEs in all‐solid‐state batteries are suggested. This review presents in detail the synthesis methods, the ion transportation mechanism, and strategies to enhance the room temperature ionic conductivity of RPPOs SSEs, providing valuable insights on enhancing their ionic conductivity and thus for their practical application in solid‐state batteries.

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Drip irrigation for sustaining high sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) yield in marginally to moderately waterlogged saline vertisols of Karnataka, India
Authors: R.H. Rajkumar , J. Vishwanath , Karegoudar Annanagouda V. , Kaledhonkar Malharimartand J. , S.R. Anand , Dandekar Anilkumar T. , Thakur Raj Kumar
Published: June 2024

In the Tungabhadra project command, subsurface drainage is used to reclaim waterlogged saline areas, but its adoption is lower due to its high cost and highly skilled in nature. Irrigation water management could sustain high cane yields in mildly affected areas. A field experiment was conducted on waterlogged saline vertisols with sugarcane crops using surface drip, subsurface drip and furrow irrigation with water application amounts of 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of evapotranspiration (ET). The subsurface drip at 1.2 ET resulted in more leaching of salts and a higher moisture content. Also it had the highest cane yield (131.0 t ha−1), water productivity (WP) (8.30 kg m−3) and sugar WP (1.72 kg m−3) among the different methods. Among the irrigation levels, the 1.2 ET level had the highest cane yield (124.7 t ha−1), lowest WP (6.89 kg m−3) and highest sugar WP (1.43 kg m−3). The highest benefit–cost ratio was recorded for the subsurface drip treatment. Depth to water table was greater for the subsurface drip treatment compared to the furrow treatment. Therefore, subsurface drip irrigation at 1.2 ET for sugarcane can act as a viable preventive measure for sustaining high cane yield in mildly waterlogged saline vertisols in the command.
Preventing tuberculosis with community‐based care in an HIV‐endemic setting: a modelling analysis
Authors: Ross Jennifer M. , Greene Chelsea , Broshkevitch Cara J. , Dowdy David W. , van Heerden Alastair , Heitner Jesse , Rao Darcy W. , Roberts D. Allen , Shapiro Adrienne E. , Zabinsky Zelda B. , Barnabas Ruanne V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) both prevent tuberculosis (TB) disease and deaths among people living with HIV. Differentiated care models, including community‐based care, can increase the uptake of ART and TPT to prevent TB in settings with a high burden of HIV‐associated TB, particularly among men.

Methods

We developed a gender‐stratified dynamic model of TB and HIV transmission and disease progression among 100,000 adults ages 15−59 in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. We drew model parameters from a community‐based ART initiation and resupply trial in sub‐Saharan Africa (Delivery Optimization for Antiretroviral Therapy, DO ART) and other scientific literature. We simulated the impacts of community‐based ART and TPT care programmes during 2018−2027, assuming that community‐based ART and TPT care were scaled up to similar levels as in the DO ART trial (i.e. ART coverage increasing from 49% to 82% among men and from 69% to 83% among women) and sustained for 10 years. We projected the number of TB cases, deaths and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) averted relative to standard, clinic‐based care. We calculated programme costs and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios from the provider perspective.

Results

If community‐based ART care could be implemented with similar effectiveness to the DO ART trial, increased ART coverage could reduce TB incidence by 27.0% (range 21.3%−34.1%) and TB mortality by 34.6% (range 24.8%–42.2%) after 10 years. Increasing both ART and TPT uptake through community‐based ART with TPT care could reduce TB incidence by 29.7% (range 23.9%−36.0%) and TB mortality by 36.0% (range 26.9%−43.8%). Community‐based ART with TPT care reduced gender disparities in TB mortality rates, with a projected 54 more deaths annually among men than women (range 11–103) after 10 years of community‐based care versus 109 (range 41–182) in standard care. Over 10 years, the mean cost per DALY averted by community‐based ART with TPT care was $846 USD (range $709–$1012).

Conclusions

By substantially increasing coverage of ART and TPT, community‐based care for people living with HIV could reduce TB incidence and mortality in settings with high burdens of HIV‐associated TB and reduce TB gender disparities.
Experiences of intimate partner violence and valued living among women veterans: The role of self‐efficacy
Authors: Taverna Emily , Kline Nora , Kumar Shaina A. , Iverson Katherine M.
Published: June 2024

Predominantly cross‐sectional research suggests that self‐efficacy may play an important role in women's psychological health after experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). However, few studies have examined these associations over time or with respect to broader aspects of psychological well‐being. Valued living, which reflects behavioral engagement within personally important life domains, represents a key aspect of well‐being that may be negatively impacted by experiences of IPV. Participants were 190 women veterans who completed three web‐based surveys. We examined whether IPV experiences at Time 1 were associated with valued living at Time 3 (i.e., 4 years after Time 1) through self‐efficacy at Time 2 (i.e., 3 years after Time 1). We separately examined overall, psychological, physical, and sexual IPV and investigated lifetime and recent (i.e., past 6 months) IPV experiences for each subtype. Separate path analysis models indicated that lifetime overall, β = ‐.10, 95% CI [‐.19, ‐.02]; psychological, β = ‐.08, 95% CI [‐.17, ‐.001]; physical, β = ‐.10, 95% CI [‐.18, ‐.01]; and sexual, β = ‐.11, 95% CI [‐.22, ‐.01], IPV experiences were indirectly associated with less valued living through less self‐efficacy, whereas the indirect effect only emerged for recent physical IPV, β = ‐.26, 95% CI [‐.50, ‐.02], but not for recent overall, psychological, or sexual IPV. These findings suggest that experiencing IPV is associated with less self‐efficacy and valued living, which highlights the importance of providing early psychosocial interventions to enhance well‐being among individuals managing the effects of experiencing IPV.
Indigenous co‐stewardship of North American moose: recommendations and a vision for a restoration framework
Authors: Moore Seth A. , Severud William J. , Wolf Tiffany M. , Pelican Katharine , Bauerkemper Joseph , Carstensen Michelle , Windels Steven K.
Published: June 2024

Moose (Alces alces; mooz [singular], moozoog [plural] in Anishinaabemowin, Ojibwe language) are an important species to many Indigenous rights‐holders and stakeholders throughout their circumpolar range. Management of moose can often lead to conflict when various perspectives of Indigenous nations are not recognized or appreciated. During the 55th North American Moose Conference and Workshop held in Grand Portage, Minnesota, USA, we held a workshop with 145 participants centered around co‐stewardship of moose among various Indigenous nations, federal, state, and provincial governments, academia, and non‐governmental agencies. Using a facilitator, the participants identified opportunities and challenges surrounding issues related to moose management. Participants then further identified priority improvements and action steps for co‐stewardship. Six core principles of Indigenous co‐stewardship were developed: 1) recognition of Indigenous Sovereignty, which specifies that co‐stewardship must begin with a recognition of the sovereignty of Indigenous nations and their inherent rights to manage, conserve, and preserve natural and cultural resources within their ancestral lands; 2) shared responsibility, where co‐stewardship is a shared responsibility between Indigenous nations, federal governments, and state governments; 3) cultural and ecological respect, which stipulates that co‐stewardship should honor the cultural significance of moose to Indigenous nations and recognize the ecological importance of moose within the broader ecosystem; 4) inclusive decision‐making, which details that co‐stewardship requires inclusive and equitable decision‐making processes that involve meaningful consultation and consent from Indigenous nations; 5) resource sharing and capacity building, where co‐stewardship involves the sharing of resources and knowledge between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous partners; and 6) adaptive management and sustainability, specifying that co‐stewardship should embrace adaptive management principles, where management strategies are continuously evaluated, adjusted, and improved based on new information and changing conditions. Some of the key takeaways from the workshop included that it will be essential to integrate Indigenous ways of knowing into an equitable and inclusive management system, there are existing models of co‐stewardship that can be built upon, it is critical to build trust among all key stakeholders and rights‐holders, and it will be important to establish formal and informal collaborative systems among all partners to support co‐stewardship at all levels. We discuss a study and synthesis on Indigenous co‐stewardship of moose and offer a synopsis and recommendations to advance restoration of moose in North America.
Mitigating the effects of PVC microplastics and mercury stress on rye (Secale cereale L.) plants using zinc oxide−nanoparticles
Authors: Okla Mohammad K. , Abbas Zahid Khorshid , Al‐Qahtani Salem Mesfir , Al‐Harbi Nadi Awad , Abdel‐Maksoud Mostafa A.
Published: June 2024

In present years, the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) has received great attention due to increase in the nutrient accumulation by plants for improving the capability of agronomic Zn biofortification. Although, the emergence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics (MPs) as pollutants in agricultural soils is increasingly alarming, presenting significant toxic threats to soil ecosystems. The present work studied the impact of different levels of PVC‐MPs, namely 0 (no PVC‐MPs), 2, and 4 mg L−1, along with mercury (Hg) levels of 0 (no Hg), 10, and 25 mg kg−1 in the soil, while concurrently applying with ZnO‐NPs at 0 (no ZnO‐NPs), 50, and 100 μg mL−1 to rye (Secale cereale L.) plants. This study aimed to examine plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange characteristics, oxidative stress indicators, and the response of various antioxidants (enzymatic and non‐enzymatic) and their specific gene expression, proline metabolism, the ascorbic acid–dehydroascorbic acid (AsA–GSH) cycle, and cellular fractionation in the plants. The research outcomes indicated that elevated levels of PVC‐MPs and Hg stress in the soil notably reduced plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange attributes. However, PVC‐MPs and Hg stress also induced oxidative stress in the roots and shoots of the plants by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and electrolyte leakage (EL) which also induced increased compounds of various enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants, and also the gene expression and sugar content. Furthermore, a significant increase in proline metabolism, the AsA–GSH cycle, and the pigmentation of cellular components was observed. Although, the application of ZnO‐NPs showed a significant increase in plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non‐enzymatic compounds, and their gene expression and also decreased oxidative stress. In addition, the application of ZnO‐NPs enhanced cellular fractionation and decreased the proline metabolism and AsA–GSH cycle in S. cereale plants. These results open new insights for sustainable agriculture practices and hold immense promise in addressing the pressing challenges of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils.
Impact of COVID‐19 on facial plastic surgery volumes: A large database analysis of pre‐ and post‐pandemic trends
Authors: Lorenz F. Jeffrey , Rothka Andrew J. , Schopper Heather K. , Lighthall Jessyka G.
Published: June 2024

Objective

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, elective surgeries faced cancelations due to quarantine measures. The objective of this study was to assess facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS) volume before, during, and after the height of the pandemic on a national scale.

Methods

The TriNetX Research Network identified 68,101,098 individuals aged 18+ with healthcare interactions from 2017 to 2022. Rates of common FPRS surgeries and procedures were compared during March–August of each year, aligning with the pandemic lockdown.

Results

Compared to immediately before the pandemic in 2019, the 2020 pandemic peak saw an overall surgical volume reduction of −36.8%, with specific surgeries decreasing significantly: rhinoplasty (−28.6%), septoplasty (−34.0%), rhytidectomy (−54.9%), blepharoplasty (−40.7%), brow lift (−43.8%), ectropion/entropion repair (−35.6%), repair of blepharoptosis (−45.6%), correction of lagophthalmos (−29.9%), correction of lid retraction (−36.8%), and lipectomy (−41.8%) (p < .001). The procedural volume also decreased by 28.6%, encompassing reductions in various procedures: botulinum toxin A (−18.7%), facial filler (−40.7%), dermabrasion (−62.3%), chemical peel (−36.6%), and intralesional injection (−33.3%) (p < .001). In contrast to 2020, 2021 witnessed an increase of +75.0% in total surgical and +61.3% procedural volume: rhinoplasty (+81.0%), septoplasty (+74.7%), rhytidectomy (+143.4%), blepharoplasty (+81.7%), brow lift (+64.5%), ectropion/entropion repair (+55.2%), repair of blepharoptosis (+62.7%), correction of lagophthalmos (+39.0%), correction of lid retraction (+73.0%), lipectomy (+121.2%), botulinum toxin A (+52.4%), filler (+59.6%), dermabrasion (+91.8%), chemical peel (+78.8%), and intralesional injection (+67.3%) (p < .001). In 2022, rates of total surgeries (+8.5%) and procedures (+12.8%) surpassed pre‐pandemic levels from 2019 (p < .001).

Conclusions

FPRS experienced significant pandemic‐induced decreases, followed by a notable recovery in subsequent years, with certain surgeries and procedures surpassing pre‐pandemic levels.

Level of Evidence

4.
Nanophotonics with Plasmonic Nanorod Metamaterials
Authors: Roth Diane J. , Krasavin Alexey V. , Zayats Anatoly V.
Published: June 2024

Taking advantage of their unique and tuneable electromagnetic properties, plasmonic metamaterials constitute a versatile platform for a variety of applications ranging from high‐resolution imaging, sensing and spontaneous emission engineering to ultrafast nonlinear optics and light polarization control. Here, recent advances in the design and applications of plasmonic metamaterials based on aligned metallic nanorod assemblies are reviewed, and the fast‐developing trends in their exploitation in nanophotonics are outlined. The fabrication of the nanorod‐based metamaterials is introduced and their linear and nonlinear optical properties are presented from both microscopic and phenomenological considerations. Multiscale structuring allowing precise engineering of the electromagnetic modes supported by the nanorod metamaterials, as well as nonlocal spatial dispersion effects and their impact on nanophotonic performance are discussed. To illustrate the developing field of practical applications of these metamaterials, some of their main application domains in sensing, photochemistry and nonlinear optics are overviewed and novel designs of anisotropic metamaterials directly derived from the nanorod architecture are introduced.
High‐β Lasing in Self‐Assembled Photonic‐Defect Microcavities with a Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayer as Active Material
Authors: Koulas‐Simos Aris , Palekar Chirag C. , Gaur Kartik , Limame Imad , Shih Ching‐Wen , Rosa Bárbara L.T. , Ning Cun‐Zheng , Reitzenstein Stephan
Published: June 2024

The investigation and development of innovative micro‐ and nanolasers using transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers as active materials is attracting considerable attention due to their unique electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. In this report, the fabrication of photonic‐defect microcavities that are self‐assembled and integrated into a dielectric distributed Bragg reflector structure that fully encapsulates a monolayer of tungsten diselenide () is detailed. The encapsulation process of the monolayer with hexagonal boron nitride generates air bubbles that induce parabolic photonic defects in the microcavity. These defects lead to a tight diameter‐dependent three‐dimensional optical confinement, which is confirmed by experimental studies and numerical simulations. In addition, a significant nonlinearity in the input‐output characteristics and excitation‐power‐dependent linewidth narrowing is observed in the resonators, indicating laser operation, which is verified by photon autocorrelation measurements. The photonic‐defect cavities are all formed on a single monolayer sample, suggesting potential advantages for multi‐wavelength emission photonic applications and facilitating TMDC‐based prestructured photonic‐defect microlasers for large‐scale fabrication.
Liouville–Green transformation technique to solve singularly perturbed delay differential equations of reaction diffusion type
Authors: Joy Dany , S Dinesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we introduce a numerical method for solving singularly perturbed delay differential equations using Liouville–Green transformation. As an initial step, to approximate the term with negative shift, we use Taylor series, which in turn changes the equation into a singular perturbation problem with the same asymptotic behavior. Then we utilize the Liouville–Green transformation technique to derive a recurrence relation comprising three terms, which can be solved by using the Thomas algorithm. A look into the method's stability and convergence has been done. The MATLAB R2022a mathematical software has been used to obtain the computational results and plots. Almost second‐order accuracy is achieved with the scheme derived. The numerical findings have been compiled into tables and graphs have been provided to visualize the impact of delay on the solution boundary layer and oscillatory behavior. The convergence rate of the present method has been determined theoretically and numerically, and both are shown to agree. In brief, the present method enhances the results of certain previously published numerical approaches.
Preoperative diffusion tensor imaging: Fiber‐trajectory‐distribution‐based tractography to identify facial nerve in vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Hu Qiming , Li Mingchu , Li Mengjun , Zeng Qingrun , Yu Jiangli , Wang Xu , Xia Ze , Xie Lei , Zhang Jiawei , Huang Jiahao , Liang Jiantao , Chen Ge , Wu Xiaolong , Feng Yuanjing
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Tractography of the facial nerve based on diffusion MRI is instrumental before surgery for the resection of vestibular schwannoma, but no excellent methods usable for the suppression of motion and image noise have been proposed. The aim of this study was to effectively suppress noise and provide accurate facial nerve reconstruction by extend a fiber trajectory distribution function based on the fourth‐order streamline differential equations.

Methods

Preoperative MRI from 33 patients with vestibular schwannoma who underwent surgical resection were utilized in this study. First, T1WI and T2WI were used to obtain mask images and regions of interest. Second, probabilistic tractography was employed to obtain the fibers representing the approximate facial nerve pathway, and these fibers were subsequently translated into orientation information for each voxel. Last, the voxel orientation information and the peaks of the fiber orientation distribution were combined to generate a fiber trajectory distribution function, which was used to parameterize the anatomical information. The parameters were determined by minimizing the cost between the trajectory of fibers and the estimated directions.

Results

Qualitative and visual analyses were used to compare facial nerve reconstruction with intraoperative recordings. Compared with other methods (SD_Stream, iFOD1, iFOD2, unscented Kalman filter, parallel transport tractography), the fiber‐trajectory‐distribution‐based tractography provided the most accurate facial nerve reconstructions.

Conclusion

The fiber‐trajectory‐distribution‐based tractography can effectively suppress the effect of noise. It is a more valuable aid for surgeons before vestibular schwannoma resection, which may ultimately improve the postsurgical patient's outcome.
Improvement of thermomechanical and dielectric properties of thermoplastic polyurethane using bismuth sodium titanate/carbon nanotube hybrid fillers
Authors: Wondu Eyob , Kim Jooheon
Published: June 2024

The development of innovative composite materials through the amalgamation of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with bismuth sodium titanate (BNT) and carbon nanotube (CNT) fillers was investigated. Before the composite fabrication, the fillers' surfaces were treated to enhance their compatibility with the TPU matrix. Hybrid fillers of BNT and CNTs were fabricated by mixing the two types of filler particles through ball milling and subsequently annealing the mixture at 250°C. Melt‐blending and injection molding were utilized to synthesize the composites at 210°C processing temperature. The prepared composites showed significantly enhanced thermal conductivity, dielectric constant, thermal stability, and thermomechanical properties compared with the neat TPU matrix. For instance, the dielectric constant was enhanced by 340% upon the inclusion of 40 wt.% BNT and CNT fillers compared to the neat TPU matrix (40CBNT‐TPU has 13.2). In particular, the inclusion of BNT‐CNT particles in the TPU matrix improved the thermal conductivity of the TPU matrix by 1180% tremendously as compared to neat TPU (40CBNT‐TPU has 2.6 W/(m.K)).

Highlights

Crystalline bismuth sodium titanate (BNT) is fabricated.

Degradation of 8 wt.% of the IPDI‐treated BNT proves surface treatment.

Dielectric constant (DC) improved by 340% compared to neat TPU.

Thermal conductivity (TC) enhanced 11.4 times compared to neat TPU.

Improvement in TC and DC will make it applicable in electronic materials.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction of an Ar/CH4 plasma with a surface: Growth, structure, and sputtering of the deposited C:H films
Authors: Kandjani Glenn Otakandza , Brault Pascal , Mikikian Maxime , Michau Armelle , Hassouni Khaled
Published: June 2024

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the growth of hydrocarbon films with a surface at temperatures from 300 to 1000 K. The results show that C2H is the main precursor of film growth. The formed C:H films are mainly unsaturated and dominated by double bonds and CN3 carbon atoms. The evolution of the C:H film is considered under the bombardment of the two major ions (Ar+ and C2H3+) with energies ranging from 50 to 100 eV. Film sputtering is significant above 50 eV, while at lower energies, the atoms of the C2H3+ ions can be incorporated and contribute to the growth.
Exercise effects on cortical excitability in pain populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pimenta Danielle Carolina , Cardenas‐Rojas Alejandra , Camargo Lucas , Lima Daniel , Kelso Julia , Navarro‐Flores Alba , Pacheco‐Barrios Kevin , Fregni Felipe
Published: June 2024

Background

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) studies examining exercise‐induced neuroplasticity in pain populations have produced contradictory findings. We conducted a systematic review to explore how exercise impacts cortical excitability in pain populations using TMS metrics. This review aims to summarize the effect sizes and to understand their sources of heterogeneity.

Methods

We searched multiple databases from inception to December 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with any type of pain population, including acute and chronic pain; exercise interventions were compared to sham exercise or other active interventions. The primary outcomes were TMS metrics, and pain intensity was the secondary outcome. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Cochrane tool.

Results

This review included five RCTs (n = 155). The main diagnoses were fibromyalgia and cervical dystonia. The interventions included submaximal contractions, aerobic exercise, physical therapy, and exercise combined with transcranial direct current stimulation. Three studies are considered to have a high risk of bias. All five studies showed significant pain improvement with exercise. The neurophysiological data revealed improvements in cortical excitability measured by motor‐evoked potentials; standardized mean difference = 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.35–2.78, I2 = 19%) but no significant differences in resting motor threshold. The data on intracortical inhibition/facilitation (ICI/ICF) was not systematically analyzed, but one study (n = 45) reported higher ICI and lower ICF after exercise.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that exercise interventions positively affect pain relief by modifying corticospinal excitability, but their effects on ICI/ICF are still unclear. While the results are inconclusive, they provide a basis for further exploration in this area of research; future studies should focus on establishing standardized TMS measurements and exercise protocols to ensure consistent and reliable findings. A large‐scale RCT that examines various exercise interventions and their effects on cortical excitability could offer valuable insights to optimize its application in promoting neuroplasticity in pain populations.
Highly Permeable Mixed Matrix Membranes for Gas Separation via Dual Defect‐Engineered Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8
Authors: Seong Jeongho , Nam Ki Jin , An Heseong , Yu Seungho , Shin Ju Ho , Kim Ki Chul , Kang Sung Gu , Reddy K. S. S. V. Prasad , Hong Do‐Young , Kim Seok‐Jhin , Lee Jong Suk
Published: June 2024

Defect engineering of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is a promising strategy for tailoring the interfacial characteristics between MOFs and polymers, aiming to create high‐performance mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). This study introduces a new approach using dual defective alkylamine (AA)‐modulated zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (DAZIF‐8), to develop high‐flux MMMs. Tributylamine (TBA) and triethylamine (TEA) monodentate ligands coordinate with zinc ions in varying compositions. A mixture of Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O:2‐methylimidazole (Mim):AA in a 1:1.75:5 molar ratio facilitates high‐yield coordination between Zn and multiple organic ligands, including Zn‐Mim, Zn‐TEA, and Zn‐TBA (>80%). Remarkably, DAZIF‐8 containing 3 mol% TBA and 2 mol% TEA exhibits exceptional characteristics, such as a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 1745 m2 g−1 and enhanced framework rigidity. Furthermore, dual Zn‐AA coordination sites on the framework's outer surface enhance compatibility with the polyimide (PI) matrix through electron donor–acceptor interactions, enabling the fabrication of high‐loading MMMs with excellent mechanical durability. Importantly, the PI/DAZIF‐8 (60/40 w/w) MMM demonstrates an unprecedented 759% enhancement in ethylene (C2H4) permeability (281 Barrer) with a moderate ethylene/ethane (C2H4/C2H6) selectivity of 2.95 compared to the PI, surpassing the polymeric upper limit for C2H4/C2H6 separation.
Hydrosilylation of Dihydrosilylium Ion Stabilized by Coordination of a σ‐Donating Ni(0) Ligand
Authors: Takahashi Shintaro , Baceiredo Antoine , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Kato Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2024

The hydrosilylation reactions of dihydrosilylium ion 2, stabilized by coordination of a σ‐donating Ni(0) fragment, has been investigated. Complex 2 with two reactive sites, dihydrosilylium and Ni(0) centers, readily reacts with diphenylacetylene via a selective mono‐hydrosilylation reaction to afford the corresponding Ni(0)‐stabilized (hydro)(vinyl)silylium ion 6. In the case of ethylene, three equivalents of olefin are consumed to give a cationic Ni(II)‐complex 7 featuring a Bu‐Si+‐NiII‐Et moiety with a NHC‐supported Si atom. DFT calculations indicate that the hydrosilylation proceeds by a classical (Chalk‐Harrod type) mechanism with the assistance of NHC ligand moving between Si and Ni centers according to their stabilization requirements.
Integrating Sustainable Development Goals to Assess Energy Transition Scenarios in Municipalities of Northern Sweden
Authors: Sobha Parvathy , Krook-Riekkola Anna
Published: June 2024

Local governments face significant challenges in implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To address these challenges, the study adopts a model-based system analysis approach for integrating sustainable development principles into the local energy transition, examining (i) what to include and vary across scenarios, (ii) what to extract from the model results, and (iii) what to discuss with the local governments. An energy system optimisation model, based on the TIMES modelling framework, is employed to represent the municipal energy system of Gällivare in northern Sweden and its potential transition pathways. The study also provides a comparative data-driven assessment to examine whether the energy transition pathways converge or diverge from the SDGs. In addition, a set of sustainability indicators has been identified/developed and are implemented in the model to assess sustainability across different pathways. The challenge inherent in such quantitative comparisons, particularly those of a complex nature such as sustainability, lies in selecting appropriate indicators for municipalities that align with the model’s framework. The analysis shows both convergent and divergent pathways. For instance, electrification in the identified transition pathways reduces fossil fuel use (converges towards SDG13 on climate), but electrification also introduces complexities with increased material usage for electric vehicles (diverges from SDG12 on responsible consumption and production).
Will the Nordics Become an Export Hub for Electro Fuels and Electricity?
Authors: Karlsson Kenneth , Radoszynski Andrea Marin , Münster Marie , Langer Lissy , Kountouris Ioannis , Giehl Johannes Felipe , Westerberg Jenny , Nissen Sidsel A. , Daabech Alexander , Bache Mathias , Hedemann Lars , Kirkegaard Julia Kirch , Hansson Julia
Published: June 2024

The Nordics have a huge renewable energy potential, mainly in the form of onshore and offshore wind as well as biomass potentials and can deliver some of the lowest electricity prices in Europe. They could export large amounts of electricity and hydrogen, supplying mainland Europe and abroad. But where and when should wind, PV and green fuel production capacity be built, and what kind of infrastructure is needed? Within the Nordics—who can/will become a net exporter of electricity and green fuels?

To avoid sub-optimal solutions, some overall analysis and planning may be needed to secure societal benefits and reduce the overall cost. By comparing plans and visions for the build-out of electrolyser capacity, electricity and gas infrastructure, and wind and solar projects, we discuss consistency (or lack thereof) in the project pipelines. Furthermore, the future role of the Nordics is discussed by comparing scenario analysis from different modelling teams to identify robust conclusions and critical uncertainties.

The impact goes beyond SDG 13 (Climate action) and supports e.g., SDG 8 (Decent work and economic growth) by implementing a more sustainable economic system and also offers the opportunity to provide affordable and clean energy (SDG 7).
Transition Pathways for a Low-Carbon Norway: Bridging Socio-technical and Energy System Analyses
Authors: Chang Miguel , Espegren Kari , Haaskjold Kristina , Rosenberg Eva , Damman Sigrid , Mäkitie Tuukka , Pisciella Paolo , Andersen Allan Dahl , Skjølsvold Tomas Moe
Published: June 2024

This study presents an interdisciplinary approach to analyze different transition pathways towards the sustainable development of a low-carbon society, focusing on Norway as a case. The study bridges a socio-technical perspective on sustainability transitions with techno-economic energy systems and regional-economic modelling analyses. Incorporating a socio-technical perspective in the scenario design allows us to envision pathways considering causal processes of technological and socio-institutional change, and potential transition bottlenecks. The resulting scenarios are used in the techno-economic energy system analysis to show cost-optimal energy system configurations, including varying levels of new renewable capacity needed, new conversion technologies, and fuel substitutions across all sectors leading to different decarbonization pathways for the Norwegian energy system by 2050. The regional-economy analysis addresses the impacts of these pathways on general economic growth and labor. The results show that higher levels of decarbonization are possible for Norway; however, potential bottlenecks can slow down the transition, while trade-offs in economic growth and development must be balanced out with decarbonization ambitions.
Endoscopic management of greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS): a comprehensive systematic review
Authors: Giai Via Riccardo , Elzeiny Ahmed , Bufalo Marco , Massè Alessandro , Giachino Matteo
Published: June 2024

Background

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) presents challenges in clinical management due to its chronic nature and uncertain etiology. Historically attributed to greater trochanteric bursitis, current understanding implicates abductor tendinopathy as the primary cause. Diagnosis usually involves a clinical examination and additional tests such as imaging and provocative testing. Surgical intervention may be considered for cases refractory to conservative therapy, with endoscopic techniques gaining ground over open procedures.

Materials and methods

A systematic review was conducted adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies were searched in four databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and Medline. The selected articles were evaluated according to the criteria of levels of evidence (LoE). The Coleman methodology score (mCMS) was used to analyze the retrospective studies. This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews.

Results

Surgical success rates ranged from 70.6–100%, significantly improving pain and function. Complications were generally mild, mainly hematomas and seromas, while recurrence rates were low. However, limitations such as the retrospective design and the absence of control groups warrant cautious interpretation of the results.

Conclusions

Endoscopic surgery emerges as a promising option for refractory GTPS, offering effective symptom relief and functional improvement. Despite limitations, these results suggest a favorable risk–benefit profile for endoscopic procedures. Further research is needed, particularly prospective randomized trials, to confirm these findings and optimize surgical techniques to improve patient outcomes.
Diagnostics and treatment delay in primary central nervous system lymphoma: What the neurosurgeon should know
Authors: Hasner M. C. , van Opijnen M. P. , van der Meulen M. , Verdijk R. M. , Maas S. L. N. , te Boome L. C. J. , Broekman M. L. D.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The gold standard for diagnostics in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is histopathological diagnosis after stereotactic biopsy. Yet, PCNSL has a multidisciplinary diagnostic work up, which associated with diagnostic delay and could result in treatment delay. This article offers recommendations to neurosurgeons involved in clinical decision-making regarding (novel) diagnostics and care for patients with PCNSL with the aim to improve uniformity and timeliness of the diagnostic process for patients with PCNSL.

Methods

We present a mini review to discuss the role of stereotactic biopsy in the context of novel developments in diagnostics for PCNSL, as well as the role for cytoreductive surgery.

Results

Cerebrospinal fluid-based diagnostics are supplementary and cannot replace stereotactic biopsy-based diagnostics.

Conclusion

Histopathological diagnosis after stereotactic biopsy of the brain remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Additional diagnostics should not be a cause of diagnostic delay. There is currently no sufficient evidence supporting cytoreductive surgery in PCNSL, with recent studies showing contradictive data and suboptimal study designs.
Predictions of transient vector solution fields with sequential deep operator network
Authors: He Junyan , Kushwaha Shashank , Park Jaewan , Koric Seid , Abueidda Diab , Jasiuk Iwona
Published: June 2024

The deep operator network (DeepONet) structure has shown great potential in approximating complex solution operators with low generalization errors. Recently, a sequential DeepONet (S-DeepONet) was proposed to use sequential learning models in the branch of DeepONet to predict final solutions given time-dependent inputs. In the current work, the S-DeepONet architecture is extended by modifying the information combination mechanism between the branch and trunk networks to simultaneously predict vector solutions with multiple components at multiple time steps of the evolution history, which is the first in the literature using DeepONets. Two example problems, one on transient fluid flow and the other on path-dependent plastic loading, were shown to demonstrate the capabilities of the model to handle different physics problems. The use of a trained S-DeepONet model in inverse parameter identification via the genetic algorithm is shown to demonstrate the application of the model. In almost all cases, the trained model achieved an $$R^2$$

R
2

value of above 0.99 and a relative $$L_2$$

L
2

error of less than 10% with only 3200 training data points, indicating superior accuracy. The vector S-DeepONet model, having only 0.4% more parameters than a scalar model, can predict two output components simultaneously at an accuracy similar to the two independently trained scalar models with a 20.8% faster training time. The S-DeepONet inference is at least three orders of magnitude faster than direct numerical simulations, and inverse parameter identifications using the trained model are highly efficient and accurate.
Intergenerational transmission of maternal prenatal anxiety to infant fearfulness: the mediating role of mother-infant bonding
Authors: Rousseau Sofie , Katz Danielle , Schussheim Avital , Frenkel Tahl I.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study is the first to directly investigate the mechanistic role of maternal bonding toward her infant in the early intergenerational pathway of risk from maternal anxiety to infant fearfulness.

Methods

Mothers (N = 216; M
age=32.78) reported on their anxiety and bonding at four time-points between pregnancy and ten-months postpartum. At four and ten-months postpartum, infant temperamental precursors of anxiety were assessed through maternal report and observation.

Results

Cross-lagged longitudinal path modeling indicated a significant link between prenatal maternal anxiety and infant temperamental fearful withdrawal at 10-months postpartum (R
2 = 0.117), which was fully explained by decreased maternal bonding at one-month postpartum and increased infant temperamental negative reactivity at 4-months postpartum.

Conclusion

Results support the need to foster maternal bonding in preventive perinatal care, particularly in the context of maternal anxiety.
Stratified steady inviscid water flows with effects of surface tension and constant non-zero vorticity
Authors: Kolun Nataliia
Published: June 2024

In this paper we consider steady inviscid three-dimensional stratified water flows of finite depth with a free surface and an interface. The interface plays the role of an internal wave that separates two layers of constant and different density. We study two cases separately: when the free surface and the interface are functions of one variable and when the free surface and the interface are functions of two variables. In both cases, considering effects of surface tension, we prove that the bounded solutions to the three-dimensional equations are essentially two-dimensional. More specifically, assuming that the vorticity vectors in the two layers are constant, non-vanishing and parallel to each other we prove that their third coordinate vanishes in both layers. Also we prove that the free surface, the interface, the pressure and the velocity field present no variations in the direction orthogonal to the direction of motion.
A comprehensive survey on the chicken swarm optimization algorithm and its applications: state-of-the-art and research challenges
Authors: Chen Binhe , Cao Li , Chen Changzu , Chen Yaodan , Yue Yinggao
Published: June 2024

The application of optimization theory and the algorithms that are generated from it has increased along with science and technology's continued advancement. Numerous issues in daily life can be categorized as combinatorial optimization issues. Swarm intelligence optimization algorithms have been successful in machine learning, process control, and engineering prediction throughout the years and have been shown to be efficient in handling combinatorial optimization issues. An intelligent optimization system called the chicken swarm optimization algorithm (CSO) mimics the organic behavior of flocks of chickens. In the benchmark problem's optimization process as the objective function, it outperforms several popular intelligent optimization methods like PSO. The concept and advancement of the flock optimization algorithm, the comparison with other meta-heuristic algorithms, and the development trend are reviewed in order to further enhance the search performance of the algorithm and quicken the research and application process of the algorithm. The fundamental algorithm model is first described, and the enhanced chicken swarm optimization algorithm based on algorithm parameters, chaos and quantum optimization, learning strategy, and population diversity is then categorized and summarized using both domestic and international literature. The use of group optimization algorithms in the areas of feature extraction, image processing, robotic engineering, wireless sensor networks, and power. Second, it is evaluated in terms of benefits, drawbacks, and application in comparison to other meta-heuristic algorithms. Finally, the direction of flock optimization algorithm research and development is anticipated.
A novel lifetime analysis of repairable systems via Daubechies wavelets
Authors: Wu Jingchi , Dohi Tadashi , Okamura Hiroyuki
Published: June 2024

It is well-known that minimally repaired systems are characterized by non-homogeneous Poisson processes. When the underlying lifetime distribution function or its associated intensity function is completely known, the statistical inference of the cumulative number of failures/repairs is made through some standard techniques. On the other hand, when the parametric form of the lifetime distribution or the intensity function is not known, non-parametric inference techniques such as non-parametric maximum likelihood estimate (NPMLE) and kernel-based estimates are employed. Since these techniques are based on the underlying lifetime data, the resulting estimates of the cumulative number of failures/repairs with respect to the system operation time are discontinuous and troublesome in assessing the reliability measures such as reliability function and mean time to failure, etc. In this paper, we propose a novel lifetime analysis of the repairable systems via Daubechies wavelets. More specifically, we generalize the seminal Daubechies wavelet estimate by Kuhl and Bhairgond (Winter Simul Conf Proc 1:562–571, 2000) by combining the ideas on NPMLE and KMBs. In both simulation experiments and real data analyses, we investigate applicability of our Daubechies wavelet-based approaches and compare them with the conventional non-parametric methods.
Quantifying and reducing the complexity of multi-line charts as a visual aid in multi-criteria decision-making
Authors: Huang He , Siraj Sajid
Published: June 2024

Multi-line charts are commonly used in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) to represent multiple data series on the same graph. However, the presence of conflicting criteria or divergent viewpoints introduces the challenge of accurately interpreting these charts, necessitating thoughtful design to improve their comprehensibility. In this paper, we model these multi-line charts as connected perfect matching bipartite graphs. We propose a metric called the Coefficient of Complexity (CoC) to quantify the complexity of these multi-line charts. In order to reduce the visual complexity of these charts, we propose to minimize the CoC by modeling it as an integer linear optimization problem (reminiscent of the traveling salesman problem). We demonstrate our techniques through multiple real-life case studies, wherein multi-line charts serve as data visualization across various MCDM software tools. Additionally, multi-line charts with specific requirements have been optimized using our approach, showcasing the adaptability and efficacy of our technique. We also formulate the radar chart as a specialized form of the multi-line chart, and adapt our technique to improve its comprehensibility. The proposed CoC and its optimization are important contributions to the field of analytics, as a number of methods use multi-line charts for visual aid. Consequently, enhancing their comprehensibility can facilitate the decision-making process and help decision-makers gain insights.