bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bozköy’de Kadın ve Erkeğin Mekân Kullanımında Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri: Etnoarkeolojik Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: MUTLU Serhan
Published: March 2021

Araştırma kapsamında Kuzeybatı Anadolu'da Biga Yarımadası'nda (Troas) Bozköy'de toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini anlamaya yönelik etnografik çalışma yapılmıştır. Etnografik çalışmanın amacı ilerleyen dönemlerde kazısı ve araştırılması planlanan prehistorik dönem Bozköy-Hanaytepe Höyüğü'ne toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ile ilgili etnoarkeolojik temel veriler hazırlayıp toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri üzerine dikkat çekmektir. Çalışmada Bozköy'deki izlenimler neticesinde toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini özel, kamusal alan ve tarım arazileri başlıkları altında mekân içi ve mekân dışı bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Mekân içi ve mekân dışı iş bölümlerinde mimari öğelerden çokça yararlanılmıştır. Tarım arazileri ile köy dışındaki iş bölümünde ise tarım, hayvancılığa dayalı ekonomik değerlerden ve maddi nesnelerden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada köyün ekonomik yapısı (tarım, hayvancılık, zeytincilik vb.), köy ekonomisinin konut mimarisine etkileri (tipolojik farklar), köyün demografik yapısı, sosyal değişimlerin konut mimarisine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Köyün çevre yerleşmelerle ilişkisi, köyde zanaat veya el işleri, mekân içi ve mekân dışı mimari öğeler ışığında toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri, kadın ve erkek arasında mekân içi ve mekân dışı bağlamında tarımsal arazilerde ve köy dışında iş bölümü, ekonomide kadın ve erkeğin yeri göz önünde tutulmuştur.
Experimental, numerical and analytical investigation on blast response of brick walls subjected to TNT explosive
Authors:   Karadeniz Technical University, Altunışık Ahmet Can , Önalan Fatma , Sunca Fezayil
Published: March 2021

Structural damage caused by terrorist attacks or explosions resulting from accidents is an essential crucial issue for civil engineering structures. After the explosion, heavy damage and total collapse occur in the structural carrier system, and these destructions can cause significant loss of life and property. This study aimed to determine the structural behavior of brick walls exposed to blast loading with different explosive weights using analytical, numerical, and experimental methods. The masonry brick walls were selected for the application and constructed in the allowed quarry area for experimental studies. 40g, 150g, and 290g of TNT, which are placed inner base center of brick walls, were used respectively to observe the progressive damage. The analytical blast responses, such as maximum pressure values etc., were calculated and predicted empirical formulas. The numerical blast responses were determined with Ansys Workbench and Autodyn software. At the end of the study, damage situations, pressures, displacement values, and energies are presented comparatively. It is observed from both experimental and numerical methods that 40g and 150g TNT explosives caused several damages on the wall. The wall collapsed on supporting points in 290g TNT explosives. It can be seen that the mean values of pressures and displacements increase respectively by three and six times, with the TNT explosive weight increasing from 40g to 290g. A good agreement is also found between the finite element results and empirical formulas proposed by Henrych and Sadovsky. However, inconsistent blasting responses are obtained with empirical formulas depending on the scaled distance.
Phosphorylation of glycoluryl derivatives with phosphorus pentachloride
Authors:   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A.Buketov, Kazakhstan, Salkeeva L.K. , Muratbekova A.A. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A.Buketov, Kazakhstan, Minayeva E.V. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A.Buketov, Kazakhstan, Voitichek P. ,   Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, Tayshibekova E.K. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A.Buketov, Kazakhstan, Dostanova A.R. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A.Buketov, Kazakhstan, Tateeva A.B. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A.Buketov, Kazakhstan, Salkeeva A.K. ,   Karaganda Technical University, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2021

The paperpresents the research results on the synthesis and study of new organophosphorus derivatives of glycoluril, obtained on the basis of pentavalent phosphorus. New organoelement phosphorus derivatives synthesized on the basis of N-acyl-substituted glycolurilhave been obtained.They are of considerable interest due to the presence of effective reaction centers. Tetraacetyl-substituted glycoluril —2,4,6,8-tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo[3,3,0]octane-3,7-dione was chosen as theinitial synthon. Theuse of unsubstituted glycoluril in the reaction of direct phosphorylation by the action of phosphorus trichloride or pentachloride is not possible due to the absence of active phosphorylation centers. It was experimentally shown that the reaction proceeds with prolonged heating for at least 48 hours in an argon. Theinitial acyl derivative of glycoluril and phosphorus pentachloride in theratio of 1:6 and leads to the formation of diphosphonic complex of tetraacetylglycoluril —dihexachlorophosphorate 2,6-diacetyl-(4,8-diacetyl-2,4,6,8-tetraaza-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-dione)-2,6-di(chloroethenyltrichlorophosphonium). The obtained compoundis a white crystalline substance unstable in air. Decomposition of the diphosphonic complex was carried out using benzaldehyde and proceeds with the formation of the corresponding dichlorophosphate derivative, also unstable in air and rapidly decomposing at room temperature.
Synthesis of alkyl derivatives of 3,7,10-trioxo-2,4,6,8,9,11-hexaaza[3.3.3]propellane and evaluation of their biological activity
Authors:   Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies SB RAS, Biysk, Russia, Sinitsyna А.А. , Il’yasov S.G. ,   Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies SB RAS, Biysk, Russia
Published: March 2021

Today 3,7,10-trioxo-2,4,6,8,9,11-hexaaaza[3.3.3]propellane (THAP) has not yet received widespread re-search attention due to the complexity of the synthesis. This work is devoted to the development of a method for the THAP derivatives synthesis, as well as to the study of their biological activity in comparison with al-kyl-substituted glycolurils (subject of comparison). ТНАРwas N-alkylated to furnish novel hexaalkyl deriva-tives of ТНАРwith methyl, ethyl and propyl substituents. The conditionsfor obtaining the maximum yield of the target productwere optimizedon the base of methyl derivative. The reaction proceeded in DMSO/КОНat 75–80ºC for 13hours in a moderate yield of 56%. The ethyl and propyl derivatives of ТНАРwere synthe-sized under the same conditions. The biological activity of the obtained ТНАРalkyl derivatives and glycoluril alkyl derivatives was evaluated against Sporosarcina ureae, Bacillus pumilus, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and influenza A virus. All the samples were found to exhib-it antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.It was shown that 2,4,6,8,9,11-hexapropyl-ТНАР, di-tert-butyl-diphenyl-, di-tert-butyl-dibenzyl-, di-tert-butyl-dimethyl-and di-isopropyl-dibenzylglycoluril, have exhibited also toxicity to living cells besides antiviral activity
Vitamin Drug conjugate: a systematic review of pharmacological potential
Authors:   Dr. D.Y.Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Bhole R.P. , Shinde Yogita ,   Dr. D.Y.Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Bonde C.G. ,   SVKM’s, NMIMS School of Pharmacy, Shirpur, Dist: Dhule, India, Wavhale R.D. ,   Dr. D.Y.Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Published: March 2021

Cancer is a chronic disease which can cause death. In traditional chemotherapycytotoxic drugs are used to kill proliferating cancer cells. The cytotoxic agent exhibits less specificity, less biological activity, causes sys-temic toxicity and undesirable side effects. Each year, about 1.8 million of the population are infected and die due to tuberculosis infection. An increase of drug resistance during the tuberculosis treatment is a significant concern. So, it is necessary to develop a new approach or therapies to resolve drug resistance, drug selectivity in tuberculosis infection and the reduction of the side effects of cytotoxic agents and anti-tubercular drugs. This review describes the newly emerging concept of «vitamin drug conjugate». Vitamin-drug conjugate is a specifically carried drug toward the target site, is one of the promising ways to treat chronic diseases like can-cer and tuberculosis and enhance the therapeutic outcome. The purpose of this review is to explore vitamin as a targeting moiety for new anticancer and anti-tubercular drug to overcome challenges, such as non-selectivity, systemic toxicity and multidrug resistance. This approach is beneficial in the treatment of life-threatening disease like cancer, tuberculosis and also in many viral infections.
Change in the volume of water crystallization as a result of exposure to a high-frequency electromagnetic field
Authors:   Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia, Shipunov B.P. , Zakharova M.V. ,   Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia
Published: March 2021

The influence of a high-frequency electromagnetic field on the process of water crystallization has been stud-ied.Water irradiated by аfield at 30–200 MHz was kept from 0 to 21 days, then it was frozen. Volumes of ice at crystallization were compared for water irradiated and unirradiated by the field. Values located more or less symmetrically near zero; 2) values with a predominantly positive shift, and 3) values for which the shift is mostly negative. Positive shift was noted when combining 200 MHz and the exposure time up to 11 days. The maximum effect of relative volume increase almost two times was observed at 200 MHz and one day ex-posure time. The maximum compression of ice approximately three times compared to the unirradiated sam-ple occurred twice: after field effect at 90 MHz and exposure time of 11 days, and at 140 MHz and exposure time of 21 days. The similarity of time dependence at 170MHz with the dependence of thermal effect of glu-cose dissolution found in early works was noted.The data obtained confirm that field effect results in both strengthening and loosening of water structure
Synthesis and properties of oligochitosan ascorbate from Bombyx mori
Authors:   Institute of Chemistry and Physics of Polymers of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Pirniyazov K.K. , Tikhonov V.E. ,   Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences A.N.Nesmeyanov, Moscow, Russia, Rashidova S.Sh. ,   Institute of Chemistry and Physics of Polymers of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: March 2021

Oligochitosan samples were obtained by acid hydrolysis of high molecular weight chitosan isolated from Bombyx mori (B.M.). Carrying out acid hydrolysis for 6 hours, it was found that after 4 hours and further with increasing duration, the molecular weight of chitosan decreases to a value corresponding to the ranges of mo-lecular weights of oligochitosan 2–16 kDa. It has been seen that the optimal duration of hydrolysis, leading to the production of oligochitosan with a molecular weight of less than 16 kDa, should be considered 4–5 hours. Depolymerization of chitosan with a molecular weight of 177 kDa was carried out using sodium nitrite in so-lution to obtain oligochitosan with a molecular weight of 6 kDa. On the basis of oligochitosan samples ob-tained by two methods, their ascorbates were received. Under constant conditions with varying the ratio of the components (ChS:AA) and the pH of the solution, the reaction of chitosan ascorbate formation was car-ried out on the basis of the suspension method. The composition, structure, and molecular weight characteris-tics of oligochitosan ascorbate and oligochitosan Bombyx morisamples were confirmed by physicochemical methods. It has been seen that the obtained samples have antimicrobial properties against Fuzarium oxysporum.
Modification of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles for targeted delivery of payloads
Authors:   Institute of Nuclear Physic of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Korolkov I.V. ,   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Ludzik K. ,   Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Poland,   Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia, Lisovskaya L.I. ,   Institute of Nuclear Physic of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Zibert A.V. ,   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Yeszhanov A.B. ,   Institute of Nuclear Physic of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan,   Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Zdorovets M.V. ,   Institute of Nuclear Physic of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan,   Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2021

The development of methods for targeted delivery of payload is a rapidly developing area of research.For this reason, iron oxide nanoparticles have potential to be used in delivery of substances by using external magnetic field. However it is necessary to develop methods of their modification, which will lead to the pos-sibility of immobilization of payloads with the required concentration for therapeutic use. In this article, supermagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were modified with silanes such as (3-chloropropyl)-trimethoxysilane, (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane and (3-glycidyl-propyl)trimethoxysilane by reaction of polycondensation. Then carborane compound (payload) was success-fully attached on the modified nanoparticles via covalent bonding. Structure, size and element composition were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDA). It was found that resulting nanoparticles contain 16.6% of bo-ron (according to EDA), and their average size is 32±9 nm (according to SEM). In vitro test using HeLa (cer-vical cancer cell) and PC-3 (prostate cancer cell) shows low cytotoxicity in concentration range of 1–200μg/ml.
EGFR and HER2neu Expression in Gall Bladder Carcinoma and Its Association with Clinicopathological Parameters - An Institutional Experience from North India
Authors: Abeer Inara , Khan Sabina , Hasan Mohd. Jaseem , Hussain Musharraf
Published: March 2021

Objective: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common biliary tract malignancy found worldwide with very high incidence in North India especially Delhi region. It is characterized by poor prognosis and ineffective treatment especially in advanced stage. The aim of this study was to evaluate EGFR and HER2/neu immunoexpression in cancer patients and to correlate it with the clinicopathological parameters so as to identify GBC patients who can benefit from targeted therapy.Methods: Present study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, New Delhi. A total of 40 cases of Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) were evaluated for Immunohistochemical expression of EGFR and HER2/neu. Clinicopathological parameters of GBC were studied and correlated with immunoexpression of EGFR and HER2 /neu. Result: The mean age of the GBC patients was 55.9 years with 90% being females. On histopathology, 34(85%) cases were conventional adenocarcinoma. The EGFR expression was positive in 29/40 cases (72.5%). It was significantly more positive in poorly differentiated grade and advanced stages of gall bladder carcinoma (P<0.05). The expression of HER2/neu was positive in 13/40 cases (32.5%). It was significantly more positive in well differentiated gall bladder carcinoma (P<0.05). Immunoexpression of EGFR was inversely related with HER2/neu expression and this association was statistically significant.Conclusion: Among GBC patients, EGFR expression and HER2/neu expression was 72.5% and 32.5%, respectively. Significant EGFR expression was seen in poorly differentiated and advanced stage cancers while significant HER2/neu expression was seen in well differentiated gall bladder carcinomas. To conclude, these two markers HER2/neu and EGFR can be used as predictive and prognostic markers respectively, with rationale to further explore the use of anti-HER2 and anti- EGFR therapy in gall bladder cancer.
NEW SELECTED FORMS OF ASIATIC LILY HYBRIDS BREEDING OF I.V. MICHURIN FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC CENTER
Authors: Sokolova M. A.
Published: March 2021

В статье представлены некоторые результаты скрещивания азиатских гибридов лилий. Спрос на цветочную продукцию и современные требования к сортам требуют постоянного совершенствования их сортимента. С этой целью в 2013-2015 гг. в лаборатории цветоводства ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр имени И. В. Мичурина» проводилось скрещивание азиатских гибридов лилий. В селекционный процесс вовлекали лучшие отечественные и зарубежные сорта. В период с 2013 по 2015 гг. было проведено 94 комбинации скрещивания и получен новый селекционный материал в объеме 38 086 шт. гибридных семян, из которых было выращено более 1000 гибридных сеянцев азиатских лилий. В статье описаны результаты исследований 17 гибридных сеянцев, которые были разнообразны по срокам наступления цветения, окраске, форме и размеру цветка, наличию рисунка на листочках околоцветника, высоте генеративных побегов, количеству цветков в соцветии, степени бульбоносности. Высота генеративных побегов изученных сеянцев варьировала в пределах от 55 до 114 см. Количество цветков в соцветии было от 5 до 15 шт. Диаметр цветка зависел от формы и колебался в пределах от 6 до 14 см. Степень поражения болезнями у всех сеянцев отмечалась на уровне 1 балла. Оценка декоративных показателей варьировала в пределах от 57 до 59 баллов. Оценка хозяйственно ценных признаков, определившая гибридные сеянцы, наиболее приспособленные к местным условиям произрастания, изменялась в пределах от 31 до 36 баллов. Комплексная оценка гибридных сеянцев азиатских лилий по совокупности декоративных и хозяйственно-биологических признаков находилась на уровне 90-95 баллов и позволила выделить 5 наиболее перспективных отборных форм.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF POLLEN FERTILITY OF SOME CHERRY FORMS BREEDING OF THE RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FRUIT CROP BREEDING
Authors: Ulitskaya О. N. , Borodkina A. G.  , Efremov I.  N. 
Published: March 2021

Fertility of pollen grains is their ability to induce full fertilization. This parameter is one of the most important in the selection of pairs when crossing all fruit crops, including sour cherry. The determination of this parameter in selected and elite forms of sour cherry is an urgent direction in breeding. The purpose of these studies was to determine the fertility of pollen in four selected and elite forms of sour cherry breeding in the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crops Breeding (RRIFCB). The studies were conducted at the laboratory of cytoembryology over 2 years, from 2019 to 2020, and their results are preliminary. As objects of research, 4 selected and elite forms of sour cherry, with high taste and marketability, were taken. The sour cherry variety Turgenevka, obtained at RRIFCB, was chosen as a control. The collection of pollen from cherry forms to determine fertility was carried out during the period of mass flowering of trees in the first ten days of May. The anthers removed from the flowers were dried at room temperature, opened, and the spilled pollen was poured into parchment paper bags and stored in a desiccator over calcium chloride. Fertility was determined by the method of pollen staining with acetocarmine. According to the research results, it was established that, on average, over 2 years of research, cherry accessions 84847, 84854, 84735 stand out for a high degree of pollen fertility (more than 58.64 % in almost all forms), which makes it possible to recommend them for use in crosses to obtain new hybrids . The highest degree of fertility was observed in pollen of the control variety Turgenevka — it was 76.80 % on average over two years. The lowest fertility was observed in the sour cherry form 84595. In this case, it was only 29.61 %.
INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NOVATEK SOLUB K-MAX FERTILIZER ON THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER QUALITIES OF APPLE FRUITS
Authors: Useynov D. R.  , Chelebiev E. F. , Denisova О. A.
Published: March 2021

The article presents data on the study of the effect of foliar water-soluble mineral fertilizer NOVATEK Solub K-Max 10-5-30 on the biochemical composition and commercial quality of apple fruits. A rise in vitamin C from the introduction of NOVATEK at a rate of 2.5 kg/ha indicates the effectiveness of this drug for optimizing the content of ascorbic acid in fruits. An increase in the content of monosaccharides and a decrease in disaccharides were found for all the studied rates of consumption of agrochemicals. The use of mineral fertilizer “Novatek Solub K-Max” contributed to increase the dry weight of fruits. The application of this mineral fertilizer is recommended for inclusion in the industry regulations for Apple cultivation as one of the elements of the technology.
Teaching Narrative Text in Junior High School: Digital Story Telling in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Context
Authors: Shasqia Mutiara
Published: March 2021

Current learning perspective is a process of giving learners to have the ability or skills in an innovative learning situation. In learning English, it requires techniques and creative so that learners have competence in writing narrative text. This research aims at proving digital storytelling can improve the junior high school students’ writing skill in making narrative text. Digital storytelling is one of the media for teaching writing narrative text. The objectives of this qualitative study are to discuss the technique of teaching digital storytelling in writing process based on the selected literature and current study regarding the use of digital storytelling. This ongoing research tries to give an additional perspective and motivation to improve students’ writing skill in the narrative text through digital storytelling. This study reveals that by using digital storytelling, the students can mastery some aspect in English.
The Gamifying Teaching Elementary English: Word Search Game to Reach Vocabulary Mastery
Authors: Simatupang Devi Novita Sari , Derin Tatum
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research is to find out whether there is any significant effect of the word search game compared to the board game towards the students’ vocabulary mastery at the fourth grade SD Swasta Karya Tani Kandis. The design used in this research is experimental research. The location for this research was at SD Swasta Karya Tani Kandis. The vocabulary test was used to find out the students’ ability in vocabulary. The result of this research shown that the data obtained from the students’ pre-test to find the homogeneity to see the equal ability from both classes.  and post-test scores of experimental classes 1 and 2 to know the different scores of two experimental classes. The test was to answer the questions based on the vocabulary test. Before treatment, the researcher gave the pre-test to IVA (experiment class 1) and IVB (experiment class 2). The researcher taught within 6 (Six) meetings including pre-test and post-test.  Based on the data analysis it can be seen that Sig < 0,000. The value of sig (2-tailed) was 0.03 and it was lower than significant probabilities 5% (P< 0.05) in post-test experimental classes 1 and 2. Furthermore, there is a significant effect of using Word Search  Game toward students’ vocabulary mastery fourth grade SD Swasta  Karya Tani Kandis between experimental groups 1 and 2. In conclusion, there was a significant effect of using Word Search  Game toward students’ vocabulary mastery.
The Investigation of Students’ Knowledge on a Novel Learning Strategy: What is Interesting about Blended Learning for EFL University Students?
Authors: Yuliana Riska , Marwa Marwa , Hamuddin Budianto
Published: March 2021

This research aimed at exploring students’ interest and knowledge in blended learning context at English Education Department in Universitas Lancang Kuning (Unilak). This descriptive quantitative research involved 27 out of 135 students as the samples as they are part of a class that uses blended learning actively through their entire semester. These 27 students were selected by using random sampling technique from fourth, sixth, and eight semester in regular class. The questionnaire used as the main instrument to collect the data. The data analyzed descriptively in term of mean and standard deviation then interpreted descriptively. The result of the findings revealed that the majority of students’ have High level of students’ interest and knowledge in blended learning context. It was probed by their mean score, interest students’ score 3.71 and the students’ knowledge score 3.67. The standard deviation to interest was 6,83 and knowledge was 5.28. This is means that the blended learning which employed during these 2 years seems in a high interest and knowledge level among the students at English Language Education Department.
An Investigation on How University Students’ View Lecturers’ Usage of Speech Acts in ELT context
Authors: Shasqia Mutiara , Anggraini Aulia
Published: March 2021

Teachers and lecturers alike understand that they must consciously use a variety of speech acts to force students to follow their instructions and be motivated to learn on their own. This paper reports the findings of a study designed to investigate the notion of the perlocutionary effect of university students in the classroom resulted from lecturers’ illocutionary acts. The acts were then analyzed the illocutionary act of the lecturers’ talk or speech during specific time using Austin’s speech act theory. This present study built its investigation from data collection on both lecturers and university students through interview and field notes. This study manage to reveals that lecturers freely use speech acts of persuading, angering, and commanding. This study believes that illocutionary acts will still have happened in our interaction's life or communication in many-many context including classroom interaction between lecturer-students communication context.
Learning Local Wisdom through the Symbols of Ma’nene’ Rituals in North Toraja: A Semiotic Perspective
Authors: Tahir M. Dalyan , Hunaeni Hunaeni , Poetra Sylver Tri
Published: March 2021

This study examines the meaning of symbols and interpretations of local wisdom in ma’nene’ rituals in the Baruppu community of North Toraja Regency using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data regarding words and behavior in rituals were obtained through interview techniques, note-taking, recording, and documentation in the form of photos and videos. Data analysis used Pierce's semiotic theory. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the ma’nene’ ritual is divided into two stages, namely: 1) Preparation (a) Ma'kongan ada', (b) Kapenomban pa'paranduk, (c) Manta'da, (d) Ma' pakande ada', (e) Umpasun bombongan; and 2) Implementation of (a) Ma'bungka', (b) Ma'kassa'i, (c) Massomba tedong, (d) Manglokko tedong sola bai, (e) Ma'pakande nene', (f) Mantutu', (g) Capenomban pa'paupu'. In carrying out the ritual, there are various symbols, including: (1) Tau-tau, (2) Bombongan, (3) Pangngan, (4) Kain ba'ru, (5) Tedong sola bai, (6) Bo'bo 'sola duku', (7) Punti leaves, (8) Tallang. Based on the semiotic analysis of the symbols in the ritual, several types of local wisdom were found, namely: (a) religious values, (b) brotherhood, and (c) unity.
Studying the Role of Positive Reinforcement for Motivation to Learn the English Language at Secondary Level in Pakistan
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Safdar , Iqbal Asif , Mukhtar Rafia , Noreen Shaista , Javed Zahida
Published: March 2021

English is being used all over the world as an international language. It is a Lingua Franca that enjoys a supreme status in society. Learners have to wrestle with new vocabulary, rules of grammar, pronunciation, and more. So, the current study explores the students’ motivation and the perceptions of English teachers about positive reinforcement in an English language classroom. Motivation and attitudes in learning a language in the classroom are very important and may make language courses more stimulating. The study contained a quantitative paradigm of control and experimental group as the research design. One hundred students and thirty teachers were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data were collected using a close-ended self-developed questionnaire of 30 items with five main indicators subdivided into six indicators. The collected data was analysed in SPSS. The results demonstrated that Pakistani students were motivated in learning the English language and have shown a positive attitude towards using reinforcement in the classrooms. The study also spotlighted that if the motivation is used efficiently in the classroom, it will be a high-ranking tool for language learning. The recommendations and findings of this study should be taken into careful consideration, and steps should be taken to implement them in Pakistani English language classrooms.
META-ANALISIS PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIKA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PBL
Authors: Eka Martha Genna Juliana , Awang Imanuel Sairo , Setiawan Beni
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh motivasi belajar dan komunikasi dalam matematika yang masih rendah, sehingga banyak cara yang dilakukan oleh guru atau peneliti salah satunya dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan motivasi belajar dan komunikasi matematika dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Meta-analisis, pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan menelusuri dan mengganalisis artikel hasil penelitian sebelumnya dengan kata kunci yang sama. Data penelitian diperoleh dari sumber artikel yang ada pada jurnal. Teknik dan alat pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi dan dokumetasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar dari peningkatan yang terkecil 7,19% sampai yang tertinggi sebesar 19,67% dengan rata-rata 0,35 berada pada kategori sedang dan Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan komunikasi matematika dari peningkatan yang terkecil 1,24% sampai yang tertinggi 31,8% dengan rata-rata peningkatan 0,32 yang berada pada klarisifikasi kategori sedang. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meninggkatkan motivasi belajar dan komunikasi matematika pada jenjang sekolah dasar.
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI RENDAHNYA MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Rismawati Melinda , Khairiati Eta
Published: March 2021

Peneliti melihat bahwa siswa kurang antusias mengikuti pembelajaran, kebanyakan siswa kurang memperhatikan saat guru menjelaskan materi, siswa sibuk sendiri, sering mengantuk dan termenung. Nilai pelajaran matematika merupakan nilai pelajaran yang paling rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya motivasi belajar siswa di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 3 Makong pada mata pelajaran Matematika. Rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini yaitu faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya motivasi belajar siswa dan faktor apa yang dominan mempengaruhi rendahnya motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika di SDN 3 Makong. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis faktor dan analisis deskriptif. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah analisis faktor eksploratori. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik komunikasi tidak langsung, komunikasi langsung serta teknik dokumentasi. Hasil analisis faktor ditemukan 6 faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya motivasi belajar siswa yang diberi nama faktor sarana belajar, faktor minat, faktor perhatian, faktor kemampuan diri, fakor teman sebaya, dan faktor kesehatan dengan persentase varians 66,985%. Faktor paling dominan yang mempengaruhi rendahnya motivasi belajar siswa yaitu faktor sarana belajar dengan persentase varians 20,914%.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Dores ,S.Pd., M.Pd Olenggius Jiran , Wibowo Dwi Cahyadi , Susanti Susi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika dikelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri  03 Sebungkang tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SDN 03 sebungkang sebanyak  15 orang  siswa. Pendekatan pada penelitian ini kualitatif dengan  metode penelitian kualitatif sedangkan bentuk penelitian ini adalah deskriptif  kualitatif.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh: 1) kemampuan berpikir kritis siwa pada mata pelajaran matematika di kelas IV SDN 03 Sebungkang  sebesar 29,58% kategori sangat rendah. Memahami masalah matematis untuk didiskusikan sebesar 63,33%, mengajukan alasan yang logis berupa konsep/ide sebagai bukti yang valid dan relevan sebesar 26,67%,menyimpulkan hubungan antara ide-ide untuk menyelesaikan masalah matematis sebesar 13,33%, dan mengambil tindakan berupa penyelesaian masalah matematis sebesar 15%. 2) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yaitu faktor psikologis yang terdiri dari perkembangan intelektual, motivasi, dan kecemasan, Faktor fisiologis yang terdiri dari kondisi fisik, faktor kemandirian belajar, dan faktor interaksi. 3) upaya yang dilakukan guru untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yaitu pengelolaan kelas, menggunakan pendekatan dan metode pembelajaran yang bervariasi, menciptakan interaksi antara guru dan siswa, dan melakukan evaluasi  pembelajaran.
Clinical Management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in the Netherlands: Barriers to and Proposals for the Implementation of the International Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Heutinck Lotte , van Gameren Maaike , Verschuuren Jan J.G.M. , Geurts Alexander C.H. , Jansen Merel , de Groot Imelda J.M.
Published: March 2021

Background:

In order to successfully implement the international clinical care guidelines for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in the Netherlands, it is essential to know what barriers are experienced by healthcare practitioners regarding guideline adherence and organization of care. In the Netherlands, academic medical centers provide follow up visits and work together with peripheral hospitals, rehabilitation centers, centers for home ventilation and primary care centers for treatment.

Objective:

To investigate perceived barriers to international clinical DMD guideline adherence and identify potential areas of improvement for implementation in the Dutch ‘shared care’ organization.

Methods:

Semi-structured in-depth interviews with healthcare practitioners of academic medical hospitals and questionnaires for healthcare practitioners of rehabilitation centers, based on the framework of Cabana.

Results:

The analyses identified 4 barriers for non-adherence to the DMD guideline: (i) lack of familiarity/awareness, (ii) lack of agreement with specific guideline, (iii) lack of outcome expectancy, (iv) external barriers.

Conclusions:

A heterogeneous set of barriers is present. Therefore, a multifaceted intervention strategy is proposed to overcome these barriers, including a clear division of roles, allowing for local (Dutch) adaptations per specialism by local consensus groups, and the facilitation of easy communication with experts/opinion leaders as well as between care professionals.
Analysing Nexus between Economic Growth, GHG Emissions, and Energy Consumption for India
Authors: Hasan Asim , Usmani Rahil Akhtar
Published: March 2021

Rising greenhouse gas emissions is an important issue of the current time. India’s massive greenhouse gas emissions is ranked third globally. The escalating energy demand in the country has opened the gateway for further increase in emissions. Recent studies suggest strong nexus between energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions. This study has the objective to empirically test the aforementioned interdependencies. The co-integration test and multivariate vector error correction model (VECM) are used for the analysis and the Granger Causality test is used to establish the direction of causality. The time-series data for the period of 1971–2011 is used for the analysis. The results of the study confirm strong co-integration between variables. The causality results show that economic growth exerts a causal influence on carbon emissions, energy consumption exerts a causal influence on economic growth, and carbon emissions exert a causal influence on economic growth. Based on the results, the study suggests a policy that focuses on energy conservation and gradual replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources, which would be beneficial for the environment and the society.
Association between obstructive sleep apnea and persistent postural-perceptual dizziness
Authors: Bery Anand K. , Azzi Jayson Lee , Le Andre , Spitale Naomi S. , Leech Judith , Lelli Daniel A. , Tse Darren
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to vestibular dysfunction, but no prior studies have investigated the relationship between Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD), a common cause of chronic dizziness, and OSA. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: We determined the frequency of OSA in an uncontrolled group of PPPD patients from a tertiary dizziness clinic based on polysomnogram (PSG). We then assessed the sensitivity and specificity of common OSA questionnaires in this population. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients with PPPD underwent PSG (mean age 47, 60% female, mean BMI 29.5). A majority, or 56%, of patients were diagnosed with OSA, and in most, the OSA was severe. OSA patients were older (56 years versus 40 years, p = 0.0006) and had higher BMI (32 versus 26, p = 0.0078), but there was no clear gender bias (56% versus 64% female, p = 1.00). The mean sensitivity and specificity of the STOP BANG questionnaire for detecting OSA was 86% and 55%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of the Berlin Questionnaire was 79% and 45%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of OSA was much higher in our small PPPD group than in the general population. Screening questionnaires appear to demonstrate good sensitivity to detect PPPD patients at risk of OSA in this small study. Future studies should confirm these findings and determine whether treatment of OSA improves symptoms in PPPD.
Prognosis after acute unilateral vestibulopathy: Usefulness of the suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP)
Authors: Casani Augusto Pietro , Canelli Rachele , Lazzerini Francesco , Navari Elena
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study aims to describe the features of the suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP) in acute unilateral vestibulopathy (AUV) and to define its role in predicting the recovery of patients. METHODS: Thirty patients diagnosed with AUV were retrospectively analyzed. The dizziness handicap inventory score and video head impulse test parameters performed 4–8 weeks from the AUV onset constituted the main outcome measures. Patients with a worse recovery (Group 1) and patients who recovered spontaneously (Group 2) were compared. RESULTS: The SHIMP vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain was statistically significantly lower than the conventional head impulse paradigm (HIMP) VOR gain (P < 0.001). The SHIMP VOR gain was negatively correlated with the DHI (P < 0.001) and was positively correlated with the HIMP VOR gain (P < 0.001) and the SHIMP overt saccades (%) (P < 0.001). Patients with a worse recovery exhibited the following: higher DHI (P < 0.001), lower SHIMP and HIMP VOR gain (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively), and lower SHIMP and greater HIMP overt saccade prevalence values (P = 0.007 and P = 0.032, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The SHIMP and HIMP help in improving our approach to AUV. SHIMP appears to better identify the extent of the vestibular damage in patient suffering from AUV than HIMP and could provide interesting information about the course of the disease. Particularly, the analysis of SHIMP VOR gain and overt saccade prevalence would provide useful information about the recovery of patients.
Baseline apparent diffusion coefficients: Validation study of new predictor of survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma following chemoembolization
Authors: Xu Lichao , Wang Shiqin , Wang Shengping , Wang Ying , Li Wentao , Lin Guangwu , Yuan Zheng
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate whether the baseline apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can predict survival in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving chemoembolization.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of HCC patients is performed within 2 weeks before chemoembolization. The ADC of the largest index lesion is recorded. Responses are assessed by mRECIST after the start of the second course of chemoembolization. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis is performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and determine optimal cut-off values. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses are used to explore the differences in overall survival (OS) between the responders and non-responders.

RESULTS:

The difference is statistically significant in the baseline ADC between the responders and non-responders ( P < 0.001). ROC analyses indicate that the baseline ADC value is a good predictor of response to treatment with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.744 and the optimal cut-off value of 1.22×10–3 mm2/s. The Cox regression model shows that the baseline ADC is an independent predictor of OS, with a 57.2% reduction in risk.

CONCLUSION:

An optimal baseline ADC value is a functional imaging response biomarker that has higher discriminatory power to predict tumor response and prolonged survival following chemoembolization in HCC patients.
Deep learning supported disease detection with multi-modality image fusion
Authors: Sangeetha Francelin Vinnarasi F. , Daniel Jesline , Anita Rose J.T. , Pugalenthi R.
Published: March 2021

Multi-modal image fusion techniques aid the medical experts in better disease diagnosis by providing adequate complementary information from multi-modal medical images. These techniques enhance the effectiveness of medical disorder analysis and classification of results. This study aims at proposing a novel technique using deep learning for the fusion of multi-modal medical images. The modified 2D Adaptive Bilateral Filters (M-2D-ABF) algorithm is used in the image pre-processing for filtering various types of noises. The contrast and brightness are improved by applying the proposed Energy-based CLAHE algorithm in order to preserve the high energy regions of the multimodal images. Images from two different modalities are first registered using mutual information and then registered images are fused to form a single image. In the proposed fusion scheme, images are fused using Siamese Neural Network and Entropy (SNNE)-based image fusion algorithm. Particularly, the medical images are fused by using Siamese convolutional neural network structure and the entropy of the images. Fusion is done on the basis of score of the SoftMax layer and the entropy of the image. The fused image is segmented using Fast Fuzzy C Means Clustering Algorithm (FFCMC) and Otsu Thresholding. Finally, various features are extracted from the segmented regions. Using the extracted features, classification is done using Logistic Regression classifier. Evaluation is performed using publicly available benchmark dataset. Experimental results using various pairs of multi-modal medical images reveal that the proposed multi-modal image fusion and classification techniques compete the existing state-of-the-art techniques reported in the literature.
A Reliable Numerical Analysis of Transmission Dynamics of Chicken Pox (Varicella Zoster Virus)
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad , Ahmed Nauman , Rafique Mudassar , Ahmad Muhammad Ozair
Published: March 2021

Solutions generated through numerical techniques are great in solving real-world problems. This manuscript deals with the numerical approximation of the epidemic system, describing the transmission dynamics of the Vercilla Zoster Virus (VZV) through the impact of vaccination. To discretize the continuous dynamical system, we proposed a novel numerical technique that preserves the true dynamics of the VZV epidemic model. The proposed technique is established in such a manner that it sustains all necessary physical traits depicted by the epidemic model under study. The designed technique is named a nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme. Theoretical analysis of the designed NSFD technique is presented which describes its strength over the standard numerical procedures which are already being used for such purposes. The graphical solutions of all the numerical techniques are presented which verify the efficacy of the proposed NSFDS technique.
A non-coding cancer mutation disrupting an HNF4α binding motif affects an enhancer regulating genes associated to the progression of liver cancer
Authors: Cavalli M. , Diamanti K. , Pan G. , Dabrowski M.J. , Komorowski J. , Wadelius C.
Published: March 2021

Background: Somatic mutations in coding regions of the genome may result in non-functional proteins that can lead to cancer or other diseases, however cancer mutations in the non-coding regions have rarely been studied and the interpretation of their effects is difficult. Non-coding mutations might act by breaking or creating transcription factor binding motifs in promoters, enhancers or silencers resulting in altered expression of target gene(s). A high number of mutations have been reported in coding and non-coding regions in cells of liver cancer. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of several genes in liver cells, while the motifs it binds are frequently mutated in promoters and enhancers in liver cancer. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the genetic effects of a non-coding somatic mutation frequently observed in liver cancer. Materials and Methods: We evaluated experimentally the effects of a somatic mutation frequently reported in liver cancer as a motif-breaker for the binding of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α. The effects of the mutation on protein binding and enhancer activity were studied in HepG2 cells via electrophoresis mobility shift assay and dual luciferase reporter assays. We also studied genome-wide promoter-enhancer interactions performing targeted chromosome conformation capture in liver tissue to identify putative target genes whose expression could be altered by the mutation. Results: We found that the mutation leads to reduced protein binding and a decrease in enhancer activity. The enhancer harboring the mutation interacts with the promoters of ANAPC13, MAP6D1 and MUC13, which have been implicated in liver cancer. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of non-coding somatic mutations, vastly understudied, but likely to contribute to cancer development and progression.