bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors Associated with Initiation of Breastfeeding among Mothers with Low Birth Weight Babies: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Centre Study in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Taha Zainab , Ali Hassan Ahmed , Ludmilla Wikkeling-Scott  , Dimitrios Papandreou
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: Early initiation of breastfeeding is important for good lactation outcomes and has long been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Recommendations are based on research showing that breastfeeding saves children’s lives, particularly among vulnerable populations such as low birth weight (LBW) neonates. In spite of a consistent rise in LBW deliveries, and in spite of the importance of breastfeeding for the survival of LBW neonates, a dearth of research exists regarding early initiation of breastfeeding for this population.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of, and factors associated with the initiation of breastfeeding among mothers with children aged less than two years who were low birth weight in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE).
METHODS: The data for this cross-sectional study were extracted from a larger project on evaluation of breastfeeding practices in Abu Dhabi. The original data were collected from seven healthcare centres located in different urban and suburban areas of Abu Dhabi during 2017. A structured questionnaire was used by trained research assistants who collected relevant data from mothers during the interview.
RESULTS: The study included a total of 1,822 mothers of children below the age of two years; 175 (9.6%) of those children were identified as LBW. The mean (standard deviation [SD] ages of the mothers and the children were 30.5 (5.0) years and 6.0 (5.1) months, respectively. The mean birth weight (SD) of the LBW children was 2079.6 (255.0) grams.
Forty (29.9%) mothers of LBW children initiated breastfeeding within the first hour. Sixty-four (47.8%) were delivered vaginally, and 70 (52.2%) were delivered via caesarean section (CS).
In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the only factor associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding among the LBW children was CS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07, 5.07).
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of LBW was 9.6%, and it was associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding as compared to the normal birth weight babies. While early initiation of breastfeeding should be promoted for all newborns, LBW infants are recognised as a vulnerable group and thus require additional support. There should be more emphasis on promoting and facilitating breastfeeding for LBW babies, especially those delivered by CS.
La personnalisation de l’apprentissage vue comme facteur effectif d’innovation pédagogique
Authors: Youssef Éliane , Audran Jacques
Published: February 2020

Le développement croissant de la technologie a poussé les responsables pédagogiques à investir dans les ressources numériques afin d’améliorer la qualité de l’apprentissage et les performances des élèves. Plusieurs exemples ont montré que l’innovation pédagogique que ce soit un service, un bien, un processus, une innovation organisationnelle ou encore une expression relevant du marketing, n’était pas nécessairement efficace pour diverses raisons. Cet article défend l’idée que la personnalisation de l’apprentissage peut être un facteur important pour réussir à innover. Il ne s’agit pas de n’importe quelle forme de personnalisation, mais de la « personnalisation collaborative » qui donne à l’apprenant un rôle actif et intentionnel tout au long du processus d’apprentissage à l’inverse de la personnalisation superficielle, segmentée, prescriptive et adaptative.
Pigmented Ocular Fundus Lesions Associated With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Li Chris J. , Yaghy Antonio , Shields Carol L.
Published: February 2020

A 36-year-old man was referred for evaluation after trauma to the left eye. He gave a history of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) diagnosed at age 15 years and treated with prophylactic colectomy. Funduscopy revealed multifocal pigmented ocular fundus lesions at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in both eyes (Figure
1A and 1B
). The lesions were haphazardly distributed, oval-shaped, variable in size, and with irregular borders. On fundus autofluorescence, the RPE lesions were hypoautofluorescent and surrounded by trace hyperautofluorescence (Figure
1C and 1D
). These findings represented the pigmented ocular fundus lesions that serve as a biomarker for FAP.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:124.]
Modified Flanged Intrascleral Fixation of Intraocular Lens for Vitreoretinal Surgeons
Authors: Najafi Mehdi , Johnston Richard H. , Yamane Shin
Published: February 2020

The surgeons have modified the flanged intrascleral intraocular lens (IOL) fixation technique initially described by Yamane et al. to avoid manipulation of the IOL within the anterior chamber. Their technique involves securing the IOL haptics into receiving needles within the posterior segment. Advantages of this technique include repositioning and securing a dislocated three-piece IOL to the sclera without removing the lens or creating a large corneal incision.
Un artesonado poliédrico manierista en Castroverde de Campos (Zamora, España)
Authors: Fernández-Cabo M. C. , González Uriel A. , De Miguel Sánchez M.
Published: February 2020

Este artículo analiza un caso excepcional en la carpintería de armar en España. Se trata del artesonado de cinco paños de la iglesia de Santa María del Río, en Castroverde de Campos (Zamora). Construido en el s. XVI, con una trama de artesones poligonales en su intradós, combina el diseño renacentista con la tradición técnica hispano-musulmana de estructuras de madera, y presenta aportaciones novedosas como la inusual disposición de escuadrías, la duplicidad de estructuras y las poco ortodoxas uniones carpinteras utilizadas. Además, la introducción de artesones convexos junto a los convencionales artesones cóncavos le confiere un marcado aspecto manierista y resuelve ingeniosamente el encuentro entre paños. La muy posible coincidencia de diseñador y constructor en la misma persona explicaría un proceso de construcción con módulos prefabricados, con el consiguiente ahorro de costes y riesgos laborales.
Foundations of Adult Education, Learning Characteristics, and Instructional Strategies
Authors: Okojie Mabel C. P. O. , Sun Yan
Published: February 2020

The chapter examines the concept of adult education by analyzing its emergence as an academic discipline, and assesses the philosophical ideologies through which it finds expression. It provides a critical review of andragogy as a framework for examining its perception as a teaching method exclusively for adult learners. The review reveals that andragogical principles can be used to develop learning strategies to support instruction for both children and adult learners. The unchallenged assumption that pedagogy is exclusively reserved for teaching children is critically assessed. To demonstrate that adults do learn from instructional strategies that are supported by both pedagogical and andragogical principles, a case study is conducted. Adults learn from similar methods as much as children. It indicates that the distinction between pedagogy and andragogy as principles of learning is somewhat spurious. The chapter discussed strategies for using digital theories to facilitate instruction.
Field Weed Recognition Based on an Improved VGG With Inception Module
Authors: Fu Lifang , Lv Xingchen , Wu Qiufeng , Pei Chengyan
Published: February 2020

The precision spraying of herbicides can significantly reduce herbicide use, and recognizing different field weeds is an important part of it. In order to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of field weed recognition, this article proposed a field weed recognition algorithm based on VGG model called VGG Inception (VGGI). In this article, three optimizations were made. First, the reduced number of convolution layers to reduce parameters of network. Then, the Inception structure was added, which can maintain the main features, and have better classification accuracy. Finally, data augmentation and transfer learning methods were used to prevent the problem of over-fitting, and further enhance the field weed recognition effect. The Kaggle Images dataset was used in the experiment. This work achieved greater than 98% precision in the detection of field weeds. In actual field, the accuracy could reach 80%. It indicated that the VGGI model has an outstanding identification performance for seedling, and has significant potential for actual field weed recognition.
A Fuzzy Performance Evaluation Model for Government Websites Based on Language Property and Balanced Score Card
Authors: Hu Fang , Yang Jian
Published: February 2020

The government website is an important tool for the government to improve administrative efficiency and public service. Just as traditional government management needs performance evaluation, government websites also need performance evaluation. Based on the theory of Balanced Scorecard (BSC), this article puts forward a set of BSC performance evaluation index system for government websites and uses analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to establish the weight of all levels of indicators in the system. According to the characteristics of website performance evaluation, the qualitative and quantitative indicators are disposed in a unified fuzzy processing, and the performance of government websites is evaluated objectively and impartially by multi-level fuzzy evaluation method, which provides a scientific and feasible method for promoting the performance of government websites.
A Hybrid User-Centric Approach for Efficient Web Service Selection
Authors: Negi Neerja , Chandra Satish
Published: February 2020

Over the last few years, e-commerce has exhibited explosive growth due to the ease of availability of the internet. E-commerce is rapidly changing the way in which businesses are interacting with each other as well as with their consumers. In each innovative e-commerce application, web services are being included as an important component. This leads to the availability of a huge number of web services that provide similar functionalities. The main challenge is to select the appropriate web service which fulfills the end user requirements. So, there is a need for a web service selection method that selects the web services not only based on their functionality, but also considers the nonfunctional requirements. This article proposes a method to preprocess web services using the J48 classification technique. After that, a hybrid weight evaluation mechanism is employed to obtain the weight values of each nonfunctional parameter. In the end, the web services that are near to user expectations are selected out using the ranking method.
Finite State Coaxial Rotor Inflow Model Enhancements Using VVPM-Extracted Influence Coefficients
Authors: Kong Yong-Boon , Prasad J.V.R. , He Chengjian
Published: February 2020

An analytical coaxial rotor inflow model has been developed in the literature by combining pressure fields of individual rotors. In such a pressure potential superposition inflow model (PPSIM), real flow phenomena such as viscous effects, flow swirls, and wake distortions are neglected.
To capture real flow effects, inflow distribution predictions from the viscous vortex particle method (VVPM) are used to correct PPSIM influence coefficients (L-matrix). It is found that cosine–sine coupling is significant during hover and low advance ratios, especially on the lower
rotor. Most correction terms are found to be insensitive to the thrust coefficient ratio between the upper and lower rotors. For ease of implementation, the curve-fitted correlation of each L-matrix correction element and wake skew function is found. Inflow states computed from PPSIM with
curve-fitted L-matrix corrections are close to VVPM results, with an average difference of 6%.
The registration of non-traditional trademarks in China: a cautious approach
Authors: Zhan Qian
Published: February 2020

Traditionally, trademarks convey source information to consumers through the use of words, letters, or numerals. The types of signs that are nowadays considered as being capable of constituting a trademark have expanded beyond words or figurative devices. Although non-traditional trademarks have received wide acceptance in many jurisdictions, the hurdle for obtaining registration appears to be higher than for traditional marks. Two issues have figured predominantly in the debate over protection for non-traditional marks: distinctiveness and functionality. Applications for non-traditional trademarks in China have given rise to a number of judicial decisions. The jurisprudence in China has taken a cautious approach in making decisions on a case-by-case basis, depending on the kind of mark in question. After a brief introduction to non-traditional marks, section 2 interprets the trademark definition in the China Trademark Law and reviews the extent to which non-traditional marks might be protected under the existing laws. Sections 3, 4, and 5 present a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the functionality and distinctiveness issues for three-dimensional marks, colour marks, and sound marks. Finally, the Conclusion highlights the main problems in the protection of non-traditional trademarks and proffers solutions for analysing distinctiveness and functionality issues for non-traditional marks.
Adjudicating sartorial elegance from the court – the sumptuary impulse in
the law of modern sports sponsorship against ambush marketing
Authors: Zhu Chen Wei
Published: February 2020

Ambush marketing, sometimes also known as guerrilla marketing, comprises
attempts to create an unauthorized association with mega-sporting events
(such as the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup) without obtaining
official sponsorship agreements. This article contends that the contemporary
law of sports sponsorships against ambush marketing harbours a palpable but
much-neglected sumptuary impulse, which has never before been adequately
scrutinized. It shows that pre-modern sumptuary law strangely resonates with
modern anti-ambush law's sumptuary obsession with the visual order of
symbols and images as prestige signifiers. It also reveals an ongoing
‘intellectual property’ turn in the recent development of sumptuary
anti-ambush law-making, whose ambition is to reify sports-derived sumptuary
distinction into a thing-in-itself for nearly absolute ‘property’
protection. My argument is illustrated by a carefully selected number of
ambush disputes including Australian Olympic Committee (AOC) v Telstra,
which represents the latest development in this field of law.
Terpenes and their oxidation products in the French Landes forest: insights from Vocus PTR-TOF measurements
Authors: Li Haiyan , Riva Matthieu , Rantala Pekka , Heikkinen Liine , Daellenbach Kaspar , Krechmer Jordan E. , Flaud Pierre-Marie , Worsnop Douglas , Kulmala Markku , Villenave Eric , Perraudin Emilie , Ehn Mikael , Bianchi Federico
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The capabilities of the recently developed Vocus
proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF) are
reported for the first time based on ambient measurements. With the
deployment of the Vocus PTR-TOF, we present an overview of the observed
gas-phase (oxygenated) molecules in the French Landes forest during
summertime 2018 and gain insights into the atmospheric oxidation of
terpenes, which are emitted in large quantities in the atmosphere and play
important roles in secondary organic aerosol production. Due to the greatly
improved detection efficiency compared to conventional PTR instruments, the
Vocus PTR-TOF identifies a large number of gas-phase signals with elemental
composition categories including CH, CHO, CHN, CHS, CHON, CHOS, and others.
Multiple hydrocarbons are detected, with carbon numbers up to 20.
Particularly, we report the first direct observations of low-volatility
diterpenes in the ambient air. The diurnal cycle of diterpenes is similar to
that of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes but contrary to that of isoprene.
Various types of terpene reaction products and intermediates are also
characterized. Generally, the more oxidized products from terpene oxidations
show a broad peak in the day due to the strong photochemical effects, while
the less oxygenated products peak in the early morning and/or in the
evening. To evaluate the importance of different formation pathways in
terpene chemistry, the reaction rates of terpenes with main oxidants (i.e.,
hydroxyl radical, OH; ozone, O3; and nitrate radical, NO3) are calculated. For the less oxidized non-nitrate monoterpene oxidation
products, their morning and evening peaks have contributions from both
O3- and OH-initiated monoterpene oxidation. For the monoterpene-derived
organic nitrates, oxidations by O3, OH, and NO3 radicals all
contribute to their formation, with their relative roles varying
considerably over the course of the day. Through a detailed analysis of
terpene chemistry, this study demonstrates the capability of the Vocus
PTR-TOF in the detection of a wide range of oxidized reaction products in
ambient and remote conditions, which highlights its importance in
investigating atmospheric oxidation processes.
The potential of elastic and polarization lidars to retrieve extinction profiles
Authors: Giannakaki Elina , Kokkalis Panos , Marinou Eleni , Bartsotas Nikolaos S. , Amiridis Vassilis , Ansmann Albert , Komppula Mika
Published: February 2020

Abstract. A new method, called ElEx (elastic extinction), is proposed for the estimation of extinction coefficient lidar profiles using only the information provided by the
elastic and polarization channels of a lidar system. The method is applicable to lidar measurements both during daytime and nighttime under
well-defined aerosol mixtures. ElEx uses the particle backscatter profiles at 532 nm and the vertically resolved particle linear
depolarization ratio measurements at the same wavelength. The particle linear depolarization ratio and the lidar ratio values of pure aerosol types
are also taken from literature. The total extinction profile is then estimated and compared well with Raman retrievals. In this study, ElEx was
applied in an aerosol mixture of marine and dust particles at Finokalia station during the CHARADMExp campaign. Any difference between ElEx and Raman
extinction profiles indicates that the nondust component could be probably attributed to polluted marine or polluted continental
aerosols. Comparison with sun photometer aerosol optical depth observations is performed as well during daytime. Differences in the total aerosol
optical depth are varying between 1.2 % and 72 %, and these differences are attributed to the limited ability of the lidar to correctly represent the aerosol
optical properties in the near range due to the overlap problem.
Intercomparison of four methods to estimate coral calcification under various environmental conditions
Authors: Gómez Batista Miguel , Metian Marc , Oberhänsli François , Pouil Simon , Swarzenski Peter W. , Tambutté Eric , Gattuso Jean-Pierre , Alonso Hernández Carlos M. , Gazeau Frédéric
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Coral reefs are constructed by calcifiers that precipitate calcium carbonate
to build their shells or skeletons through the process of calcification.
Accurately assessing coral calcification rates is crucial to determine the
health of these ecosystems and their response to major environmental changes
such as ocean warming and acidification. Several approaches have been used
to assess rates of coral calcification, but there is a real need to compare
these approaches in order to ascertain that high-quality and intercomparable
results can be produced. Here, we assessed four methods (total alkalinity
anomaly, calcium anomaly, 45Ca incorporation, and 13C
incorporation) to determine coral calcification of the reef-building coral
Stylophora pistillata. Given the importance of environmental conditions for this process, the
study was performed under two starting pH levels (ambient: 8.05 and low:
7.2) and two light (light and dark) conditions. Under all conditions,
calcification rates estimated using the alkalinity and calcium anomaly
techniques as well as 45Ca incorporation were highly correlated. Such a
strong correlation between the alkalinity anomaly and 45Ca
incorporation techniques has not been observed in previous studies and most
probably results from improvements described in the present paper. The only
method which provided calcification rates significantly different from the
other three techniques was 13C incorporation. Calcification rates based
on this method were consistently higher than those measured using the other
techniques. Although reasons for these discrepancies remain unclear, the use
of this technique for assessing calcification rates in corals is not
recommended without further investigations.
Dissolved iron in the North Atlantic Ocean and Labrador Sea along the GEOVIDE section (GEOTRACES section GA01)
Authors: Tonnard Manon , Planquette Hélène , Bowie Andrew R. , van der Merwe Pier , Gallinari Morgane , Desprez de Gésincourt Floriane , Germain Yoan , Gourain Arthur , Benetti Marion , Reverdin Gilles , Tréguer Paul , Boutorh Julia , Cheize Marie , Lacan François , Menzel Barraqueta Jan-Lukas , Pereira-Contreira Leonardo , Shelley Rachel , Lherminier Pascale , Sarthou Géraldine
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Dissolved Fe (DFe) samples from the GEOVIDE voyage (GEOTRACES GA01, May–June 2014) in the North Atlantic Ocean were analyzed using a
seaFAST-pico™ coupled to an Element XR sector field
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (SF-ICP-MS) and provided interesting
insights into the Fe sources in this area. Overall, DFe concentrations ranged
from 0.09±0.01 to 7.8±0.5 nmol L−1.
Elevated DFe concentrations were observed above the Iberian, Greenland, and
Newfoundland margins likely due to riverine inputs from the Tagus River,
meteoric water inputs, and sedimentary inputs. Deep winter convection
occurring the previous winter provided iron-to-nitrate ratios sufficient to
sustain phytoplankton growth and lead to relatively elevated DFe
concentrations within subsurface waters of the Irminger Sea. Increasing DFe
concentrations along the flow path of the Labrador Sea Water were attributed
to sedimentary inputs from the Newfoundland Margin. Bottom waters from the
Irminger Sea displayed high DFe concentrations likely due to the dissolution
of Fe-rich particles in the Denmark Strait Overflow Water and the Polar
Intermediate Water. Finally, the nepheloid layers located in the different
basins and at the Iberian Margin were found to act as either a source or a
sink of DFe depending on the nature of particles, with organic particles
likely releasing DFe and Mn particle scavenging DFe.
Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian–Triassic boundary section
Authors: Gliwa Jana , Ghaderi Abbas , Leda Lucyna , Schobben Martin , Tomás Sara , Foster William J. , Forel Marie-Béatrice , Ghanizadeh Tabrizi Nahideh , Grasby Stephen E. , Struck Ulrich , Ashouri Ali Reza , Korn Dieter
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The Permian–Triassic boundary section in the Aras Valley in NW
Iran is investigated with respect to carbonate microfacies, biostratigraphy
(particularly conodonts, nautiloids, and ammonoids), chemostratigraphy
(carbon isotopes), and environmental setting. Correlation of the data allows
the establishment of a high-resolution stratigraphy based on conodonts (with
four Wuchiapingian, 10 Changhsingian, and three Griesbachian zones),
ammonoids (with nine Changhsingian zones), and carbon isotopes; it forms
the base for the reconstruction of the environmental changes before and
after the end-Permian extinction event at the studied locality. In the Aras
Valley section, there is no evidence for the development of anoxic
conditions, associated with the end-Permian mass extinction.
TRAPPIST-1 Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI): motivations and protocol version 1.0
Authors: Fauchez Thomas J. , Turbet Martin , Wolf Eric T. , Boutle Ian , Way Michael J. , Del Genio Anthony D. , Mayne Nathan J. , Tsigaridis Konstantinos , Kopparapu Ravi K. , Yang Jun , Forget Francois , Mandell Avi , Domagal Goldman Shawn D.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Upcoming telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT), the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) or the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) may soon be able to characterize, through transmission, emission or reflection spectroscopy, the atmospheres of rocky exoplanets orbiting nearby M dwarfs. One of the most promising candidates is the late M-dwarf system TRAPPIST-1, which has seven known transiting planets for which transit timing variation (TTV) measurements suggest that they are terrestrial in nature, with a possible enrichment in volatiles. Among these seven planets, TRAPPIST-1e seems to be the most promising candidate to have habitable surface conditions, receiving ∼66 % of the Earth's incident radiation and thus needing only modest greenhouse gas inventories to raise surface temperatures to allow surface liquid water to exist. TRAPPIST-1e is, therefore, one of the prime targets for the JWST atmospheric characterization. In this context, the modeling of its potential atmosphere is an essential step prior to observation. Global climate models (GCMs) offer the most detailed way to simulate planetary atmospheres. However, intrinsic differences exist between GCMs which can lead to different climate prediction and thus observability of gas and/or cloud features in transmission and thermal emission spectra. Such differences should preferably be known prior to observations. In this paper we present a protocol to intercompare planetary GCMs. Four testing cases are considered for TRAPPIST-1e, but the methodology is applicable to other rocky exoplanets in the habitable zone. The four test cases included two land planets composed of modern-Earth and pure-CO2 atmospheres and two aqua planets with the same atmospheric compositions. Currently, there are four participating models (LMDG, ROCKE-3D, ExoCAM, UM); however, this protocol is intended to let other teams participate as well.
Evaluation of the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model
version 2.10 (UVic ESCM 2.10)
Authors: Mengis Nadine , Keller David P. , MacDougall Andrew , Eby Michael , Wright Nesha , Meissner Katrin J. , Oschlies Andreas , Schmittner Andreas , Matthews H. Damon , Zickfeld Kirsten
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The University of Victoria Earth system climate model of intermediate complexity has been a useful tool in recent assessments of long-term climate changes including paleo-climate modelling. Since the last official release of the UVic ESCM 2.9, and the two official updates during the last decade, a lot of model development has taken place in multiple groups. The new version 2.10 of the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM), to be used in the 6th phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP6), presented here combines and brings together multiple model developments and new components that have taken place since the last official release of the model. To set the foundation of its use, we here describe the UVic ESCM 2.10 and evaluate results from transient historical simulations against observational data. We find that the UVic ESCM 2.10 is capable of reproducing well changes in historical temperature and carbon fluxes, as well as the spatial distribution of many ocean tracers, including temperature, salinity, phosphate and nitrate. This is connected to a good representation of ocean physical properties. For the moment, there remain biases in ocean alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon, which will be addressed in the next updates to the model.
Terrestrial water loss at night: global relevance from observations and climate models
Authors: Padrón Ryan S. , Gudmundsson Lukas , Michel Dominik , Seneviratne Sonia I.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Nocturnal water loss (NWL) from the surface into the atmosphere is often overlooked because of the absence of solar radiation to drive
evapotranspiration and the measuring difficulties involved. However, growing evidence suggests that NWL – and particularly nocturnal transpiration
– represents a considerable fraction of the daily values. Here we provide a global overview of the characteristics of NWL based on latent heat
flux estimates from the FLUXNET2015 dataset, as well as from simulations of global climate models. Eddy-covariance measurements at 99 sites indicate
that NWL represents 6.3 % of total evapotranspiration on average. There are six sites where NWL is higher than 15 %; these sites comprise mountain
forests with considerable NWL during winter that is related to snowy and windy conditions. Higher temperature, vapor pressure deficit, wind speed, soil
moisture, and downward longwave radiation are related to higher NWL, although this is not consistent across all of the sites. On the other hand, the global
multi-model mean of terrestrial NWL is 7.9 % of the total evapotranspiration. The spread of the model ensemble, however, is greater than 15.8 %
over half of the land grid cells. Finally, NWL is projected to increase everywhere with an average of 1.8 %, although with a substantial
inter-model spread. Changes in NWL contribute substantially to projected changes in total evapotranspiration. Overall, this study highlights the
relevance of water loss during the night and opens avenues to explore its influence on the water cycle and the climate system under present and
future conditions.
Can the boundary profiles at 26N be used to extract buoyancy-forced AMOC signals?
Authors: Polo Irene , Robson Jon , Haines Keith , Thomas Christopher
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The AMOC circulation is driven both by direct wind stresses and by the buoyancy-driven formation of North Atlantic Deep Water over the Labrador and Nordic Seas. In many models low frequency density variability down the western boundary of the Atlantic basin is linked to changes in the buoyancy forcing over the Atlantic Sub-Polar Gyre (SPG) region, and this is found to explain part of the geostrophic AMOC variability at 26N. In this study, using different experiments with an OGCM, we develop statistical methods to identify characteristic vertical density profiles at 26N at the western and eastern boundaries which relate to the buoyancy-forced AMOC. We show that density anomalies due to anomalous buoyancy forcing over the SPG propagate equatorward along the western Atlantic boundary, through 26N, and then eastward along the equator, and poleward up the eastern Atlantic boundary. The timing of the density anomalies appearing at the eastern and western boundaries at 26N reveals a propagation speed leading to ~ 2–3 years lags between boundaries with maxima along deeper levels (2600–3000 m). Time record required to capture those vertical density profiles in the model is ~ 26 years. Results suggest that depth structure, and the lagged covariances between the boundaries at 26N, may both provide useful information for detecting density anomalies of high latitude origin in more complex models, and potentially in the observational RAPID array. However, time filtering will be required together with the continuation of the RAPID program in order to extend the time period.
On the importance of snowpack stability, its frequency distribution, and avalanche size in assessing the avalanche danger level: a data-driven approach
Authors: Techel Frank , Müller Karsten , Schweizer Jürg
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Consistency in assigning an avalanche danger level when forecasting or locally assessing avalanche hazard is essential, but challenging to achieve, as relevant information is often scarce and must be interpreted in the light of uncertainties. Furthermore, the definitions of the danger levels, an ordinal variable, are vague and leave room for interpretation. Decision tools, developed to assist in assigning a danger level, are primarily experience-based due to a lack of data. Here, we address this lack of quantitative evidence by exploring a large data set of stability tests (N = 10,125) and avalanche observations (N = 39,017) from two countries related to the three key factors that characterize avalanche danger: snowpack stability, its frequency distribution and avalanche size. We show that the frequency of the most unstable locations increases with increasing danger level. However, a similarly clear relation between avalanche size and danger level was not found. Only for the higher danger levels the size of the largest avalanche per day and warning region increased. Furthermore, we derive stability distributions typical for the danger levels 1-Low to 4-High using four stability classes (very poor, poor, fair and good), and define frequency classes (none or nearly none, a few, several and many) describing the frequency of the most unstable locations. Combining snowpack stability, its frequency and avalanche size in a simulation experiment, typical descriptions for the four danger levels are obtained. Finally, using the simulated snowpack distributions together with the largest avalanche size in a step-wise approach, as proposed in the Conceptual Model of Avalanche Hazard, we present an example for a data-driven look-up table for avalanche danger assessment. Our findings may aid in refining the definitions of the avalanche danger scale and in fostering its consistent usage.
L’Ananké dans la Machine infernale de Cocteau
Authors: Ponty Florian
Published: February 2020

L’Ananké (Ἀνάγκη) peut être traduite littéralement par Nécessité, fatalité, destin : elle est l’un des concepts fondamentaux de la cosmologie antique qui sera ensuite abondamment évoqué dans les tragédies grecques. Dans la Machine infernale, Cocteau a repris ce concept fondamental des mythologies antiques pour en faire l’un des aspects les plus importants de sa pièce.
Wilder as a Playwright-in-the-Making: Adapting A Doll' House
Authors: Dubost Thierry
Published: February 2020

In 1937, Thornton Wilder updated Ibsen' A Doll' House as a present to his friend, actress Ruth Gordon, because she and producer/director Jed Harris felt that William Archer' translation of Ibsen' play was dated. Gordon and Harris believed that more than fifty years after the play' premiere, it could still be successful on Broadway provided a few changes were made—hence the request to Wilder. A close study of the rewriting process proves that his task was more complex and important than what he made people believe, especially so as Wilder' and Ibsen' approaches to the stage rested upon different cultural backgrounds attributable to the distinction between late-nineteenth-century Norway and the post–World War I United States. However, looking beyond their contrasting writing modes—and the paradoxical fidelity that transforming the play entailed—this article starts from the variations between the two versions to examine how rewriting characterizes Wilder as a playwright-in-the-making.
Propuesta del diseño de un sistema automatizado de bajo costo aplicado en la técnica Z-Scan
Authors: Hernández René , Ponce Roger , Fiallos Jonathan , Mejía Roberto
Published: February 2020

En el presente trabajo se presenta una propuesta de diseño para la automatización e implementación de la técnica Z-Scan. Pretendiendo se considere como base y con opción a modificación según las circustancias particulares bajo las cuales se implemente.
Hospital based physician advisor program sheds new light on observation rate
Authors: Owolabi Timothy
Published: February 2020

Hospital observation is a topic of interest among patients for whom being classified as observation has negative financial ramifications. Similarly, observation rate is monitored by some hospital administrators because of its potential financial impact on the health system. During the creation of an internal physician advisor program, the new health system physician advisor was asked to investigate causes for a higher than average observation rate for WellSpan Summit Health. Using Lean methodology, standard work was established for the physician advisor observation patient review process when inpatient criteria were not met. Key performance indicators were tracked using production boards and a dashboard that interfaces with the electronic health record. The physician advisor program decreased missed inpatient conversion opportunities, but despite fixing process problems, improving level of care determination accuracy, and seeing outcomes that should have decreased the observation rate, the observation rate paradoxically increased. The cause of the rising observation rate is unknown but is likely multifactorial. Possible causes include changing standards concerning what qualifies as inpatient, Affordable Care Act (ACA) expansion of insured patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with low acuity conditions, and the safety net function of the hospital for patients living with adverse social determinants of health. The safety net theory is most likely true for “high utilizers” using a greater portion of hospital resources than the rest of the population. This study provides evidence that observation rate is not a useful metric in the absence of a process problem. A more meaningful metric concerning observation patients is observation length of stay.
Blue Zone of Ikaria, Greece: An education abroad program for nursing and health-related disciplines
Authors: Naber Jessica L. , Phelps Grace
Published: February 2020

International education is growing among American students. In the past two decades, the number of students studying abroad has more than tripled. Research has provided evidence that students who participate in study abroad are more likely to have a variety of career prospects and are more aware socially and culturally. In a world where nurses will be providing care for an increasingly diverse population, cultural awareness and improved interaction with people of different cultures is invaluable. A faculty member with education abroad experience at a mid-size university in the southern United States developed a study abroad program for the summer of 2019 to Ikaria, Greece. This program centered around the concept of Blue Zones, areas of the world identified as having the largest population of centenarians, or people that have lived for longer than 100 years. This article outlines the process of development of the program and the course associated with the program. There is information about course description, course objectives, grading procedures, course activities, and a schedule of activities that students participated in while abroad. Student response to this education abroad experience was very positive. Students have reported that they attempt to implement the nine concepts into their everyday lives since returning, and the impact that this program and other education abroad programs has had, is profound.
Latent Variable Models for Integrated Analysis of Credit and Point Usage History Data on Rewards Credit Card System
Authors: Shimizu Ryotaro , Yamashita Haruka , Ueda Masao , Tanaka Ranna , Tachibana Tetsuya , Goto Masayuki
Published: February 2020

Recently, credit cards with point rewards functions (rewards credit cards) are widely used. Credit card companies can collect the users’ usage log data of various stores in multiple industries. The purposes of possessing a credit card varies depending on each user such as to use only the credit function, to use both the credit and point rewards functions, etc. Moreover, credit cards can be used in various situations in users’ lives, and the purchase history of each user is diverse. Focusing on the diversity of both card possessing purposes and purchasing behavior for each user, we propose two latent class models representing these diversities in this research.
ESTIMAÇÃO DOS CUSTOS DE IMPORTAÇÃO PARA UMA EMPRESA DO RAMO DE PLÁSTICOS: ANÁLISE DO IMPACTO NO CUSTO DO PRODUTO VENDIDO
Authors: Paulino Bruno Henrique Ferreira de , Oliveira Josmária Lima Ribeiro de , Figueiredo Ana Tereza Lanna
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo se caracteriza como um estudo do impacto da substituição de matéria-prima nacional por similares importados no Custo do Produto Vendido de uma indústria paulista que fornece compostos plásticos principalmente para injeção na indústria automotiva. A matéria-prima básica utilizada é o polímero polipropileno, produto que no Brasil é vendido exclusivamente pela empresa Braskem. O objetivo do artigo consiste em demonstrar como a monopolização da venda do produto impacta nos custos de produção e como o processo de estimação dos custos de importação para fins comparação de preços é fundamental para a tomada de decisão em relação ao processo de compra. A metodologia do estudo de caso contou com aplicação de questionário e entrevista semiestruturada, além da pesquisa documental para coleta de informações fiscais, financeiras e contábeis com a finalidade de produzir evidências capazes para acompanhar o processo de decisão em relação à importação versus compra no mercado nacional. Os resultados demonstram que a variação cambial é um elemento determinante na decisão permitindo atingir uma economia de quase de 2,5% no custo do produto vendido, o que significa em termos monetários uma economia de centenas de milhares de reais.
Crisis del empleo, austeridad y relaciones de género en Portugal: el caso de la Región Autónoma de Madeira
Authors: Nascimento Andreia
Published: February 2020

Resumen En Portugal, a pesar de las mejoras experimentadas en los últimos años, la discriminación en las relaciones laborales basada en el género aún persiste. En el contexto de la crisis económica, financiera, política y laboral, donde la austeridad, implementada y supervisada por el Fondo Monetario Internacional, ha agravado la precariedad laboral, es fundamental analizar el impacto de esta realidad en el mercado de trabajo y en las relaciones de género. En este marco se sitúa esta reflexión. Desde un primer enfoque sobre las perspectivas teóricas de las transformaciones laborales y las relaciones de género, pasamos al análisis y comprensión de los cambios y tendencias recientes del mercado de trabajo, de la flexibilidad y del futuro de la igualdad de género, a la luz de las contribuciones de las sociólogas Sara Falcón Casaca (2012) y Virginia Ferreira (2014).

Abstract In Portugal, despite the improvements experienced in recent years, discrimination in labor relations based on gender still persists. In the context of the economic, financial, political and labor crisis, where austerity, implemented and supervised by the International Monetary Fund, has aggravated labor precariousness, it is fundamental to analyze the impact of this reality on the labor market and on the relationships of genre. In this framework, this reflection is placed. From a first approach on the theoretical perspectives of labor transformations and gender relations, we turn to the analysis and understanding of recent changes and trends in the labor market, of flexibility and of the future of gender equality, in the light of the contributions of the sociologists Sara Falcón Casaca (2012) and Virginia Ferreira (2014).
Vicarious Liability in Groups of Companies and in Supply Chains - Is Competition Law Leading the Way?
Authors: Ulfbeck Vibe
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the concept of vicarious liability in the area of competition law. It argues that this concept is to some extent embedded in the concept of the undertaking under competition law with the consequence that parent companies – under certain conditions – can be held liable for competition law infringements committed by subsidiaries. The liability can be termed “vicarious” because it is imposed regardless of whether the parent company was involved in or ought to have had any knowledge of the competition law infringements committed by the subsidiary. Whereas such liability has until recently only been imposed for administrative fines, the Skanska decision changes this. Following this decision it must be assumed that parent companies can also be held vicariously liable for civil liability incurred by a subsidiary. It is pointed out that it is a separate question whether the Akzo-presumption rule, established with regard to the imposition of fines for competition law infringements, can also be applied in a pure civil liability case concerning parental liability. Next, the article discusses whether the results reached in the area of competition law can be transferred to other areas of the law. In this regard, the article analyses recent case law with regard to parental liability for workers’ injuries and environmental damage and compares these areas of the law to competition law. Finally, the article discusses whether the concept of the undertaking can be extended to apply also in situations where companies are not tied by ownership but by contract. In this regard the article focuses on the (possibly) emerging concept of supply chain liability.
Restored freshwater flow and estuarine benthic communities in the northern Gulf of Mexico: research trends and future needs
Authors: Tupitza Jillian C. , Glaspie Cassandra N.
Published: February 2020

Restoring river connectivity to rebuild and sustain land is a promising restoration strategy in coastal areas experiencing rapid land loss, such as the Mississippi river delta. Results of these large-scale hydrologic changes are preliminary, and there exists limited empirical evidence regarding how benthic communities will respond, specifically in Barataria Bay and Breton Sound in southeast Louisiana. In this review, the body of existing research in this geographic region pertaining to the drivers of benthic community response that are related to restored freshwater flow and sediment deposition is examined. Overall trends include (1) potential displacement of some species down-estuary due to reduced salinities; (2) temporary lower diversity in areas closest to the inflow; (3) increased benthic production along the marsh edge, and in tidal bayous, as a result of nutrient loading; (4) more habitat coverage in the form of submerged aquatic vegetation; and (5) reduced predation pressure from large and/or salinity-restricted predators. These trends highlight opportunities for future research that should be conducted before large-scale hydrologic changes take place.
Semantic Orchestration and Exploitation of Material Data: A Dataspace Solution Demonstrated on Steel and Copper Applications
Authors: Nahshon Yoav , Morand Lukas , Büschelberger Matthias , Helm Dirk , Kumaraswamy Kiran , Zierep Paul , Weber Matthias , de Andrés Pablo
Published: December 2024

In materials science and manufacturing, vast amounts of heterogeneous data (e.g., measurement and simulation logs, process data, publications) serve as the bedrock of valuable knowledge for various engineering applications. However, efficiently storing and managing this diverse data pose challenges due to limited standardization and integration across different organizational units. Addressing these challenges is essential to fully unlock the potential of data‐driven approaches. This article introduces a novel, comprehensive semantic methodology tailored to materials engineering and realized as a technology stack named Dataspace Management System (DSMS), which powers dataspace solutions that leverage the knowledge encoded in heterogeneous data sources to support data‐driven insights and to derive new knowledge. At its core, DSMS offers a distinctive knowledge management approach tuned to meet the specific requirements of the materials science and manufacturing domain, all while adhering to the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) principles. DSMS provides functionalities for data integration, linkage, exploration, visualization, processing, data sharing, and services (e.g., consulting) to support engineers in decision‐making, design, and optimization. An architectural overview is presented, outlining core concepts and their technological implementation. In addition, the applicability of these concepts to common data processing tasks is demonstrated through use cases from the StahlDigital and KupferDigital research projects within Germany's MaterialDigital initiative.