bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-pharmacological methods in the treatment of resistant hypertension
Authors: Kichukov Kostadin N. , Dimitrov Hristo V. , Nikolova Lora K. , Petrov Ivo S. , Tokmakova Maria P.
Published: April 2013

INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension is the most common chronic cardiovascular disease affecting about 25% of the adult population. Meta-analyses have demonstrated a linear relationship between blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular events. Resistant hypertension defined as failure to reach blood pressure targets despite treatment with three antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic represents a serious clinical problem. It has been estimated that it affects between 8.9% and 12.8% of all treated hypertensive subjects. In resistant hypertension the optimal blood pressure is illusive despite very well tailored therapy.

OBJECTIVE: Management of resistant hypertension is exactly the fi eld where blood pressurecontrolling non-pharmacological methods fi t best. The present article aims at throwing light on these methods’ principles of action, on who the target patient groups are and the respective results. Two methods are especially reviewed here: the carotid barorefl ex stimulation and the transcatheter renal sympathetic denervation. Current results from the use of renal denervation suggest stable effi ciency of the method, the results becoming signifi cant 6 months after the procedure is applied and sustained for two years in the follow-up. As much as 90% of the treated patients respond to the procedure. The transcatheter renal denervation is associated with only 2.61% of procedural complications. The barorefl ex carotid stimulation, too, is known to produce a stable effect on blood pressure: the effect become obvious at 12 months in 88% of the treated subjects. The neurologic complications associated with the procedure are reported to occur in 4.4% of cases.

CONCLUSION: The present review article clearly demonstrates that non-pharmacological methods for treatment of resistant hypertension show great promise despite some open questions concerning their long term effects and procedural safety.
Effect of selective beta-blockade with bisoprolol in the treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation
Authors: Negreva Maria N. , Penev Atanas P.
Published: April 2013

The incidence of atrial fibrillation has been rapidly increasing in recent years. The increased tonus of the sympathetic nervous system is related to the development of atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of bisoprolol, a highly selective beta-blocker, on patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation (< 48 hours) for regularization of the rhythm using propafenone.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study includes 164 patients (81 women, 83 men, age 59.09 ± 10.81) with successfully restored sinus rhythm in recent-onset atrial fibrillation. The patients received either propafenone (group A, n = 82) or a combination of propafenone and bisoprolol (group B, n = 82). The studied patients were randomly allocated to the groups. Propafenone was administered intravenously as a 2 mg/kg bolus followed by infusion of 0.0078 mg/kg/min for 120 min and orally in dosage of 300 mg three times every 8 hours if arrhythmia persisted. Bisoprolol was administered in a single dose at the very beginning of propafenone treatment and only in patients from group B at a dose of 5 or 10 mg. Regularization of the rhythm was assessed at the 3rd, 6th, 12th and 24th hour.

RESULTS: In the initial stages of regularization the combined therapy restored the sinus rhythm in a greater number of patients in comparison with the monotherapy (at the 6th hour 67.07% in group B versus 48.78% in group A, P < 0.05; at the 12th hour it was 87.80% versus 75.60%, respectively, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Early regularization of rhythm in patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation reduces the likelihood of recurrent episodes of arrhythmia. This makes the application of selective beta-blockade clinically significant.
Antinociceptive Effect of Clomipramine Through Interaction with Serotonin 5-Нт2 And 5-Нт3 Receptor Subtypes
Authors: Kostadinov Ilia D. , Delev Delian P. , Kostadinova Ivanka I.
Published: April 2013

INTRODUCTION: Tricyclic antidepressants are used in the treatment of various pain syndromes. The antidepressant clomipramine inhibits predominantly the reuptake of serotonin in the central nervous system. The mechanism of its analgesic effect is not fully understood.

The AIM of the present study was to find experimentally any dose-effect dependence in the analgesic effect of clomipramine and the involvement of the 5-НТ2 and 5-НТ3 receptors in the mechanism of this effect. Material and methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were used in the study allocated to five groups (10 animals each): a saline treated control group, one positive control group treated with metamizole and three experimental groups treated with intraperitoneally administered clomipramine in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg bw, respectively. To study the role of 5-НТ2 and 5-НТ3 receptors in this effect we used another five groups (10 animals each): control, positive control and three experimental groups treated with clomipramine only, clomipramine and granisetrone and clomipramine and cyproheptadine, respectively. Three nociceptive tests were used: the hot plate test, analgesimeter and the acetic acid-induced writhing test. To gauge the antinociceptive action we used the increased latency in the hot plate test expressed as maximum possible effect % (%MPE), the increase in paw pressure to withdraw the hind paw in analgesimeter and decrease in the number of spinal cord writhes in the acetic acid test.

RESULTS: Clomipramine in a dose of 20 mg/kg bw significantly increased the %MPE in hot plate test and the pressure to withdraw the hind paw in the analgesimeter when compared with the control. In the acetic acid test clomipramine decreased non-significantly the number of writhes compared with the controls. Granisetrone reduced non-significantly the antinociceptive effect of clomipramine in all tests. Cyproheptadine potentiated the analgesic effect of clomipramine in acetic acid test and decreased it significantly in the hot plate test. In analgesimeter cyproheptadine decreased significantly the paw pressure to withdraw the tested hind paw at 1 hour and non-significantly at 2 hours.

CONCLUSION: Clomipramine in the dose of 20 mg/kg bw has a pronounced antinociceptive affect towards thermal and mechanical pain stimulation. The 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor subtypes are very likely involved in the mechanism of this effect.
Amino acids through developmental stages of sunflower leaves
Authors: Roy Nayan , Laskar Subrata , Barik Anandamay
Published: April 2013

The PICO-TAGanalysis of proteins revealed that 17 protein-bound and 18 free amino acids were present throughout the developmental stages of sunflower leaves. The total protein-bound amino acid content was much higher than total free amino acid content throughout the development of sunflower leaves. The contents of protein-bound and free amino acids as well as essential and non-essential ones displayed different patterns with leaf maturation, suggesting that total protein levels are poor predictors of the nutritive status of leaves.
Karyological and morphological variations within the genus Dysphania (Chenopodiaceae) in Bulgaria
Authors: Grozeva Neli H. , Cvetanova Yanka G.
Published: April 2013

The karyological and morphological variability of species from the genus Dysphania were studied. The results demonstrated that genus Dysphania is represented in Bulgaria by five species: Dysphania ambrosioides, D. multifida, D. botrys, D. schraderiana and D. pumilio. The first two species are tetraploids with chromosome number 2n = 32 for D. ambrosioides and 2n = 36 for D. multifida. The remaining three species are diploids with 2n = 18. The results from statistical analysis demonstrated that the main source of phenotype variation in the species is the interpopulation variation. The specific characters which allowed their recognition are themorphological characteristics of the perianth lobes, the upper leaves and the seeds. The distinction between D. multifida, D. ambrosioides and D. schraderiana is based on differences in the quantitative traits, while in D. botrys and D. pumilio qualitative traits are also important. The basic evolutionary mechanisms are polyploidy and diploidy.Atendency towards reduction in the size of generative organs and the number of perianth lobes was found.
Aquatic and Semi Aquatic Heteroptera Communities from South-East Transylvanian Small Rivers
Authors: Ilie Daniela Minodora , Olosutean Horea
Published: April 2013

The paper presents the analysis of the relations between aquatic and semi aquatic Heteroptera from south-east Transylvanian small rivers and habitat characteristics of the sampling sites. Biological material was collected from 23 sampling sites from Hârtibaciu Plateau (8), and Făgaraş (12) and Sibiu (3) Depressions. A large number of species were identified, almost a third (22 out of 69) of the species sampled so far in Romania. Gerris (Gerris) lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758) has the highest relative abundance and frequency, seconded by Nepa cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 and Sigara (Pseudovermicorixa) nigrolineata nigrolineata Fieber, 1848. Community composition is influenced by habitat characteristics, the most important role being held by the presence of aquatic vegetation, favoring G. lacustris and N. cinerea, and the inconstancy of the hydrological regime, favoring S. nigrolineata. Habitat conditions are having a low influence on biodiversity values, although substrate and hydrological heterogeneity and aquatic vegetation seem to be responsible for higher species richness, while mild anthropic impact and a larger site size are resulting in higher species heterogeneity.
Bianca Looks from above the Book: Readings on the Margin of Bruno Schulz’s Ex-Libris for Stanisław Weingarten
Authors: Maszewski Zbigniew
Published: April 2013

The bookplate which Bruno Schulz designed in 1919 for his friend, Stanisław Weingarten, anticipates the motifs of his later literary work: a book, the Book, a collection of books reflecting the collector’s preferences but dependent on the laws undermining the notions of authorship and ownership. Standing on the margin of the artistic and literary scene, Pierrot/Schulz acknowledges the relatedness of his and Weingarten’s “private” vision with the recurrent, universal themes of world art and literature. The scene designed for the emblem of Weingarten’s library demonstrates Schulz’s awareness that the pleasure of discovering spaces of textual cross-fertilizations belongs to the realm of discoveries made by “standard” narratives of psychoanalysis. The scene also demonstrates Schulz’s readiness to imaginatively play with that awareness.
The essay traces correspondences between the elements of the 1919 Pierrot ex-libris and the books from Weingarten’s collection which, with time, included and gave privileged position to the works of Bruno Schulz. Among the authors referred to are Rainer Maria Rilke, Alfred Kubin, and Jules Laforgue (in the critical appreciation of Jan Szarota).
Wpływ Wapnowania i Nawożenia Mineralnego na Zawartość Rozpuszczalnych Form Pierwiastków Śladowych W Glebie Płowej / The Influence of Liming and Mineral Fertilization on the Content of Trace Elements Soluble Forms in Haplic Luvisols Formed from Loess
Authors: Nazarkiewicz Małgorzata , Kaniuczak Janina
Published: April 2013

The research was carried out on a permanent fertilization field in the area of the Rzeszow Foothills Region, with Haplic Luvisols formed from loess. The following plants were cultivated in a 4-year cropping system: pasture sunflower, winter wheat, potatoes and spring barley. Various mineral fertilizers NPK + Mg constans and various mineral fertilization NPK + Mg Ca constans were applied in the experiment. Liming was applied in the form of CaO (at the dose of 2.86 t Ca × ha.1). The experiment included 14 fertilizer objects, in 4 replications according to the method of random sub-blocks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied in statistic processing for a double classification: liming (A) and mineral fertilization (B) . independently of liming. As a result of the testing, it was found that liming raised the content of Cr in Ap and Bt horizons. Mineral fertilization raised the content of Co and Cr in Ap and Bt horizons and Cd and Pb in Bt horizon. The combined effect of liming and mineral fertilization decreased the content of Ni and Co in Ap horizon and Cd in Bt horizon and raised the content of Cr in Ap and Bt horizons and Pb in Bt horizon.
Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Successful Treatment with Topical 5% Imiquimod Cream
Authors: Stojanović Slobodan , Vučković Nada , Vemić Dragan
Published: April 2013

The authors present a case of a 36-year-old man with a penile intraepithelial neoplasia who was evaluated at the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Dermatovenereology Diseases of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina in December of 2010. The patient was referred to this facility by an urologist and had histopathological reports of 4 biopsy specimens taken from different plaques on the glans penis. Biopsy samples were collected from lesions which were clinically diagnosed as leukoplakia. Histopathological findings of all biopsy specimens showed: “dysplasio epithelii planocellularis gradus levioris et partim gradus mediocris diffusa”. Given the histopathological diagnosis, the patient was referred to a dermatologist for conservative therapy of these lesions, avoiding radical surgery. On admission, the patient presented with slightly indurated erythematous plaques with some desquamation at the surface, and a tendency for diffuse involvement of the entire glans penis. Topical 5% imiquimod cream was administered on the lesions once a day and was washed off after 8 hours during 10 weeks. Check-ups were scheduled for every other week in order to assess the course and progress of topical treatment. No significant side effects were recorded, except for acute local inflammation accompanied by mild exudation and itching. After 10 weeks of treatment, complete regression of lesions was achieved, and in the following period of 18 months (until present) no recurrence was observed.
Multidimensionality of immigrant integration policy at the local level. Examples of initiatives in Germany and The United Kingdom
Authors: Jaczewska Barbara
Published: April 2013

Awareness that immigrant integration takes place at a local level has been growing for several years. Immigration policy debates and decisions mostly occur at the national level, but the question of how to implement immigrant integration policy is much more urgent at a local level. The purpose of the article is to present the multidimensionality of integration actions as well as examples of projects considered to be “best practices” that are carried out today at the local level in German and UK cities of different sizes. The countries chosen have long histories of immigration and have developed significantly different approaches to immigration issues, nevertheless local experiences (in both countries) highlight not only differences but also similarities in immigrant integration policy. The surveys presented help us to understand that immigrant integration is a complicated process that can be stimulated in various ways, and that there is no single way to introduce policy towards immigrants.
Multicriteria analysis in hazards assessment in Libya
Authors: Zeleňáková Martina , Gargar Ibrahim , Purcz Pavol
Published: April 2013

Environmental hazards (natural and man-made) have always constituted problem in many developing and developed countries. Many applications proved that these problems could be solved through planning studies and detailed information about these prone areas. Determining time and location and size of the problem are important for decision makers for planning and management activities. It is important to know the risk represented by those hazards and take actions to protect against them. Multicriteria analysis methods - Analytic hierarchy process, Pairwise comparison, Ranking method are used to analyse which is the most dangerous hazard facing Libya country. The multicriteria analysis ends with a more or less stable ranking of the given alternatives and hence a recommendation as to which alternative(s) problems should be preferred. Regarding our problem of environmental risk assessment, the result will be a ranking or categorisation of hazards with regard to their risk level.
Influence of Visitors’ Flows on Indoor Air Quality of Museum Premises
Authors: Dovgaliuk Volodymyr , Lysak Pavlo
Published: April 2013

The article considers the influence of visitors’ flows on indoor air quality of museum premises and work of ventilation and air conditioning systems. The article provides the analysis of the heat input from visitors, the results of mathematical simulation of visitors flow influence on indoor air quality. Several advice options are provided on application of variable air volume systems for provision of constant indoor air quality.
Methods of Assessing the Risks Associated with Lack of Water Supplies, Water Safety Plan for National Conditions
Authors: Rybka Sławomir
Published: April 2013

Article shows the desire to obtain risk-control options, and bringing it to a tolerable level. Subjects were ways of managing and dealing with risk. Methods of dealing with aspects of the protection of industrial buildings and high-risk critical infrastructure vulnerability analysis methodology to the loss of integrity. Also a set method to deal with aspects of the protection of industrial buildings and high-risk critical infrastructure that is the analysis of susceptibility to loss of integrity. The article also presents the basic principles of water safety plan based on national and foreign research publications. In the next part of article WSP methodology was concluded, outlining the actions which use significantly reduces the risk of threats that could lead to supply of contaminated tap water or total interruption of its supply. In further considerations the most important steps in creating WSP were presented. In the final section the principle of modular computer system operation that is used for network management for urban water supply in Rzeszow was presented.
Climate Change and Conservation
Authors: Ledig F. Thomas
Published: April 2013

- Conserving forest genetic resources and, indeed, preventing species extinctions will be complicated by the expected changes in climate projected for the next century and beyond. This paper uses case examples from rare spruces (Picea sp.) from North America to discuss the interplay of conservation, genetics, and climate change. New models show how climate change will affect these spruces, making it necessary to relocate them if they are to survive, a tool known as assisted migration or, preferably, assisted colonization. The paper concludes with some speculation on the broader implications of climate change, and the relevance of conservation to preserving the necessary ecological services provided by forests.
Clinical and etiopathological aspects of muscle and joint sports injuries
Authors: Moldovan I. , Mureşan S. , Pop S. T. , Trimbitas C. , Iliescu D.M. , Brînzaniuc Klara
Published: April 2013

This descriptive study was conducted on a group of 92 patients during January 2012 - December 2012, treated at the Sports Rehabilitation Department of NOVA VITA Medical Center, Tîrgu Mures. We investigated the incidence of muscle and joint injuries by age group, gender, region of the injured muscle and joint, type of sport. Football is the main sport practiced at a professional level, thus the leg is the most exposed body part to diseases at different levels and degrees, especially the ankle, knee and thigh with muscle damage and ligament injuries. Playing tennis at an amateur level can harm body parts like the shoulder and the elbow and can cause tendon and muscle injuries. The most affected region is the knee. Knee injuries are present in almost all sports. Nearly 40% of the injuries are ligament injuries.
Fatty acid composition of Bulgarian Black Sea fish species
Authors: Merdzhanova Albena , Stancheva Mona , Makedonski Lubomir
Published: April 2013

The fatty acid compositions of three Black Sea fish species turbot (Pseta maxima), red mullet (Mullusbarbatus ponticus) and garfish (Belone belone) were investigated. This species are considered as preferred for consumption in Bulgaria. Lipid extraction was done according to the Bligh and Dyer method. The fatty acid composition was determined by GC/MS. The saturated fatty acids amounts were 38.32 % for turbot, 35.44 % red mullet and 42.90% for garfish. Monounsaturated fatty acids were found in lowest level in comparison with other groups for garfish (23.65%) and turbot (24.85%) while for red mullet they have a highest value - 37.56%. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic (C 20:5 omega 3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic (C 22:6 omega 3, DHA) acids were found in highest levels in turbot (22.26%) and garfish (21.80%) and in lowest values of red mullet (9.35%). The results showed that the fish examined are good source of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, resulting in a very favourable omega 3 / omega 6 ratios, especially in turbot and garfish
Nontemplate synthesis, characterization and theoretical study of tetraazamacrocycles
Authors: Șen İbrahim , Yildiz Cem Burak , Azizoğlu Akın
Published: April 2013

The syntheses of new tetraaza macrocyclic compounds of variable ring sizes by non-template methods and their characterization with the help of elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR) have been reported in detail. The vibrational frequencies determined experimentally are compared with those obtained theoretically from density functional theory (DFT) and Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations. The comparisons between the experimental and theoretical results indicate that B3LYP level with both the 3-21G(d) and 6-31G+(d,p) basis sets is able to provide satisfactory results for predicting IR properties. The frontier molecular orbital diagrams and molecular electrostatic potential maps of title compounds have been also calculated and visualized at the B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p) level of theory.
The Brothel in O'Neill's Mansions
Authors: Real Jere
Published: April 2013

THE SUCCESSFUL STAGING IN 1968 in both Los Angeles and New York of a major production of the Eugene O'Neill drama, More Stately Mansions demands that some detailed critical analysis other than newspaper reviews at last be paid . this play, the opinion of Mr. Robert Brustein and others notwithstanding. In his discussion of O'Neill's play in The Theatre of Revolt Brustein, at that time theater critic of New Republicdismissed More Stately Mansions with a footnote. The play was, he wrote, "sadly marred and incomplete." It was, in his views, "a regression, a throwback to an earlier stage of O'Neill's development." Had the play been destroyed as O'Neill specifically directed before his death, its loss would have been negligible.1 In general, Mr. Brustein's appraisal is accurate; but the play has hovered about like a spectre of O'Neill's that would not go away. It was produced first by the Swedish Royal Dramatic Theatre. A greatly revised text was published in 1964; and now a major production employing the talents of Ingrid Bergman, Arthur Hill, and Colleen Dewhurst has been mounted in the United States. Detailed analysis, incomplete• and marred as the play well may be, seems justified.
Shaw and America
Authors: Irvine William
Published: April 2013

WHEN A MAN is occasionally and crudely insulted by an ordinary person, he is justly indignant, but when he is persistently, ingeniously and brilliantly insulted over a period of 50 years by a person of undoubted genious-he is subtly flattered. Americans have been so flattered by Shaw.
Pinter the Player
Authors: Smith Leslie
Published: April 2013

IN THE GROWING VOLUME OF CRITICAL STUDY that Pinter's plays have attracted, perhaps insufficient attention has been paid to his early years as a repertory actor, and the influence these years had on his work as a playwright. Yet, as Pinter has said, a dramatist must "absorb a great many things of value from an active and intense experience in the theatre ... " throughout rehearsal and performance.' And he acknowledges that "my experience as an actor has influenced my playsit must have-though it's impossible for me to put my finger on it exactly."
Cinema, Theater and Opera: Modern Drama as Ceremony
Authors: Bennett Benjamin
Published: April 2013

In the criticism of literature, since Aristotle, practically no significant work has been done that does not include, or at least presuppose, a discussion of genres or types or modes, an analysis of the artistic universe into units compact enough to provide a basis for characterizing, differentiating and comparing particular phenomena. Even in the case of broad theoretical attempts to explain the artistic endeavor or the aesthetic experience as such, some basic notion of types is necessary in order to identify, in the first place, what the philosophical or political or psychological argument is meant to account for.
The Director-Playwright Relationship of Louis Jouvet and Jean Giraudoux
Authors: Norwood James
Published: April 2013

Theatre historians often discuss the rise of the director in the twentieth century by citing a number of important collaborations between playwrights and their directors. Stanislavsky and Chekhov, Kazan and Williams, and Jouvet and Giraudoux are examples; in each case, the symbiosis between theatre artists produced a distinct theatrical style. Most of these relationships have been unambiguous and carefully documented. The relationship of Louis Jouvet and Jean Giraudoux, however, is an enigmatic one. Perhaps that is why it is often described only in the most general terms. Donald Inskip's Jean Giraudoux - The Making of a Dramatist, which recounts the production history of Giraudoux's plays, is typical in the unspecified praise that it assigns to the working relationship of Jouvet and Giraudoux.
Strindberg's Father: Symbolism, Nihilism, Myth
Authors: Belliquist John Eric
Published: April 2013

As part of the Strindberg Festival held in Stockholm during May, 1981, the Stockholm Stadsteater presented a putatively polemical version of the play Fadren with the slightly reconstructed title Fadern instead. In the foyer of the theater the play's audiences encountered displays intended to reveal the socio— economic plight of women in Strindberg's day; during the performance they were faced with Laura cast as a harassed, hapless victim rather than an implacable vampire; and upon its conclusion they departed in contemplation of the final image of the daughter Bertha, who had stood at the edge of the stage in order to focus the director's entreaties: the scarred survivor of an unfortunate parental conflict, an innocent victim of yet another skirmish in the "battle of the sexes" in which the male (including by implication the author of the play) was primarily at fault. Neither Bertha nor her mother, nor apparently even her father, was meant to be aware of anything to do with that "psychic murder" ("själamord") which Strindberg thought could be brought about in what he called the "battle of the brains" (hjärnomas kamp") instead. Yet in fact Fadern left an impression overwhelmingly different from what the director Jan Hä:anson desired. In the role of the captain Adolf, the actor Keve Hjelm had managed to transcend his director's peculiar intent, simply by conveying Strindberg's ineradicable subjectivity. At the Strindberg Symposium held as part of the Festival in Stockholm, Hjelm himself explained — much to Hakanson's apparent consternation — why this had happened: for him The Father was a philosophical expression. of the existential plight of the human soul, not at all a mere excuse to issue ideological equivocations.
Beckett as Director: The Manuscript Production Notebooks and Critical Interpretation
Authors: Knowlson James
Published: April 2013

This essay does not attempt to capture the extraordinary fascination, the atmosphere of keen concentration and the unusual "feel" of rehearsals when Samuel Beckett is directing his own plays. It seeks rather to provide an over-view of some of the ways in which Beckett's directorial notes can occasionally initiate, but, more often, assist or confirm critical interpretation. It also sets out to consider how these notes pose some rather taxing problems for the critic who is seeking to make significant use of them.
Alan Ayckboum's Liza Doolittle
Authors: Dukore Bernard
Published: April 2013

This passage occurs in "A Self-Improving Woman," the title of one of four possible third scenes (every scene has a title) in Alan Ayckbourn's Intimate Exchanges, which consists of eight full-length plays. Since each play has two possible endings, contained in different concluding scenes, there are, in effect, sixteen plays. To see all of Intimate Exchanges requires sixteen evenings and/or matinees at the theatre. The published text fills two volumes.

Intimate Exchanges continues along lines Ayckbourn had explored in Sisterly Feelings, which employs alternative scenes in the center, the flip of a coin during performance determining which scene is played. In both works, each alternative creates a different set of circumstances that eventually requires another choice. A more complex comedy, Intimate Exchanges not only progresses by means that are not arbitrary, but the decisions in the later play, which more closely derive from character, are more numerous than those in the earlier, and each decision results in alternatives with greater ramifications than the previous alternatives.
Performance as Paradigm: the Example of Bali
Authors: George David
Published: April 2013

Thomas Kuhn, who gave us the term as cultural Weltanschauung or ideological "mindset", was sure: "The decision to reject one paradigm is always simultaneously the decision to accept another." Either he was wrong (at least about revolutions in the Humanities) or else the contemporary crisis in Western culture inscribed in the terms Post-modernism and Deconstruction is only a hiccup after all, and the heavily battered Text-paradigm of Modernism will soon re-emerge not only intact but even strengthened by the impotence of its critics and their boomeranging weapons (for did they not attack it in words ... ?). The attack on Logocentrism and Modernism and all they imply — the Enlightenment Project, Metanarratives, Metaphysics, Causality, Teleology — has been the major academic growth industry of the last twenty years during which, it is true, we have been given some tantalising glimpses of an alternative episteme. It is one which has delighted those of us who had already moved away from drama-as-literature to theatre and even further on — to perfonnance, for so many of them gestured in that direction: Lyotard's "perfonnativity", Baudrillard’s "scenodramas", Ihab Hassan's "process, play, perfonnance", Calinescu's neo-Baconian "Idols of the Theatre", Mellard's "act, ritual, play", Andrew Ross's "philosophy of praxis", Derrida's "Ereignis" and hymns to Artaud ... the alternative appeared clear: the only possible replacement for the Modernist Text-paradigm was/is Perfonnance.
Book Reviews
Authors: Smith Bruce , Merritt Susan Hollis , Cocalis Susan , Worth Katherine , Davis Tracy , Jenkins Anthony , Berkowitz Gerald
Published: April 2013

John M. Clum, Acting Gay: Male Homosexuality in Modern Drama, reviewed by Bruce R. Smith

Penelope Prentice, The Pinter Ethic: The Erotic Aesthetic, reviewed by Susan Hollis Merritt

Lynda Hart and Peggy Phelan, eds.,Acting Out: Feminist Performances, reviewed by Susan L. Cocalis

Theodore Shank ed., Contemporary British Theatre, reviewed by Katherine Worth

Joel H. Kaplan, Theatre and Fashion: Oscar Wilde to the Suffragettes, reviewed by Tracy C. Davis

John Dawick, Pinero: A Theatrical Life, reviewed by Anthony Jenkins

Walter A. Davis, Get the Guests: Psychoanalysis, Modern American Drama and the Audience, reviewed by Gerald M. Berkowitz
Once Were Lesbians…: Re/Negotiating Re/presentations in The Catherine Wheel and Difference of Latitude
Authors: Kerr Rosalind
Published: April 2013

Two new Canadian plays set in "pre-lesbian" time periods,' The Catherine Wheel by Ingrid MacDonald and Difference of Latitude by Lisa Walter, feature "women" who become "warriors" — one in the Prussian army in the 1710s; the other in the British merchant navy in the war of 1812. Based respectively on the characters of veteran soldier Catherine Linck, an actual historical figure executed for sodomy in Prussia in 1721 , and the apprentice sailor Frances, a creation modelled on several real seafaring women from the 1800s, both plays unfold by creating a series of situations that question the extremes to which these male imposters are driven in order to maintain their precarious gender disguises. Valuable as interrogations of past examples of the depth and range of persecution which awaited women who dared to transgress gender, class, occupation, and community lines, they draw upon historical frameworks that provide the necessary aesthetic distance to confront present-day assumptions about gender as it impinges on other social categories. Even self-identified lesbian spectators are likely to find themselves challenged by the shifting representations which result in producing the "crossed, intersected identities," as Jill Dolan proposes in "Desire Cloaked in a Trenchcoat," that these "outlaw" characters move in and out of.
Lulu pantomime in one act by Félicien Champsaur
Authors: Bermel Albert
Published: April 2013

First perfonned at the Nouveau Cirque

October I, 1888
Challenging Myth and Tradition: National/Cultural Identity and the Irish Theatrical Canon
Authors: Singleton Brian
Published: April 2013

The constructions of national and cultural identities in Ireland have been contemporaneous and, in the Irish psyche, synonymous with one another. The Irish theatre canon at the tum of the last century, engineered by W.B. Yeats, Lady Gregory, and J.M. Synge, inter alia, came at the height of modernism but harked back to a pre-modem and pre-colonial Gaelic native culture in an attempt to establish a peculiarly Irish body of literature and drama. The simultaneous interest in the revival of the Irish language joined with Yeats to form part of a cultural resistance to British Home Rule and the struggle for independence. Theatre used as allegory (as in Yeats's Cathleen Ni Houlihan, for instance) for such a struggle made the medium highly politicized. Subsequently, as a new nation emerged and was forged, the drama from that early period became enshrined as the new national culture. In particular, in establishing an alternative. to the colonial representation of the Irish, such drama also established a tradition of theatrical myths, an agrarian Celtic twilight, and an urban revolutionary politics. But as practised by Yeats, theatrical myth making absented itself from contemporary realities and carved out a cultural niche for Protestants and ("West Briton Kiltartanry”) who had been displaced politically by revolutionary upheavals. The latter, as enshrined in the way O'Casey was performed, turned out to be still more damaging, establishing a comfortable tradition of ignoring the critique of Romantic nationalism and effectively replicating the old colonial system, leading to urban deprivation, that it produced. This indeed was satirized by Shaw, in John Bull's Other Island (1904), and in the early O'Casey plays — but to perform such plays in the 1920S would have been cultural suicide. G.N. Reddin was typical in attacking them as the cultural construction of the colonial project: "The spirit of the Abbey Theatre was Cromwellian ... This Kiltanan jargon, and the venerable authors of it were the creation of the same foreign biased mind as evolved, for the same political motives, that mirth-provoking, buffoon-stage Irish pat"
Deconstruction and Development of the Opera Carmen
Authors: Friedman Dan , Kurlander Gabrielle
Published: April 2013

The Castillo Theatre's theatrical engagement with Georges Bizet's opera Carmen involves five productions of three different Carmen-based scripts over the ten years between 1987 and 1997. All of these productions were adaptations of, or, perhaps more accurately, responses to and dialogues with, Bizet's Carmen. Taken together, they constitute a deconstruction/reconstruction not only of Carmen but of theatrical conventions and ideological assumptions about nineteenth-century opera.
Suzuki Tadashi's "The Chekhov": Three Sisters, The Cherry Orchard, and Uncle Vania
Authors: Carruthers Ian
Published: April 2013

Suzuki Tadashi's first production as a student was Chekhov's short comedy The Anniversary, and his engagement with The Three Sisters dates back to a 1961 staging that was controversial because he refused to make it a vehicle for the radical politics demanded by the Communist-dominated Waseda University Drama Society. Yet the student's view of Chekhov "as a critical realist, one who exposed the conditions for revolution in the present" continued to inform his major productions of Chekhov in the 1980s and 1990s.
Book Reviews
Authors: Grace Sherrill , Lane Harry , Dugan James , Singleton Brian , Trotter Mary , Osburn John , Connelly Stacey , Clemons Leigh , McKinnie Michael
Published: April 2013

Craig Stewart Walker, The Buried Astrolabe: Canadian Dramatic Imagination and Western Tradition, reviewed by Sherrill Grace

Christ Johnson, Essays on george F. Walker: Playing with Anxiety, reviewed by Harry Lane

Marc Maufort and Franca Bellarsi, eds., Siting the Other: Re-visions of Marginality in Australian and English-Canadian Drama, reviewed by James Dugan

Mary Trotter, Ireland's National: Th eatres: Political Performance and the Origins of the Irish Dramatic Movement, reviewed by Brian Singleton

Stephen Watt, Eileen Morgan, and Shakir Mustafa, eds., A Century of Irish Drama: Widening the Stage, reviewed by Brian Singleton

Dermot Bolger, Druids, Dudes and Beauty Queens: The Changing Face of Irish Theatre, reviewed by Mary Trotter

Albert Wertheim, The Dramatic Art of Athol Fugard: From South Africa to the World, reviewed by Martin Orkin

David G. Richards, Georg Büchner's's Woyzeck: A History of Its Criticism, reviewed by John Osburn

John London, ed., Theatre under the Nazis, reviewed by Stacey Connelly

Helka Makinen, S.e. Wilmer, Theatre, History and National Identities, reviewed by Leigh Clemons

Michael Kobialka, ed., Of Borders and Thresholds: Theatre History, Practice, and Theory, reviewed by Michael McKinnie
The Prompter’s Box: Modern Drama’s Allegories of Allegory
Authors: Ackerman Alan
Published: April 2013

The Prompter’s Box is a brief dramaturgical essay that appears at the beginning of selected issues of Modern Drama, imagining the articles themselves as interrelated acts within a larger intellectual dialogue. The goal of such an introductory essay is to present the reader with certain streams of thought that may illuminate aspects of, or enable connections between, individual articles, without instructing the reader in how to understand each essay.
Study of Solubility of Atorvastatin using Ternary Phase Diagram for the Development of Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS)
Authors: Khan Fariba , Islam Md Saiful , Jalil Reza-ul
Published: April 2013

Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) is successfully used to improve the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of the poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Atorvastatin calcium (ATV), a poorly aqueous soluble drug having low oral bioavailability, was the model drug for this study. The aim of this study was to find out the suitable lipid and surfactant which can be used in formulation of ATV-SEDDS and this was done using ternary phase diagram, an important tool used very essentially in optimizing SEDDS formulations. Ternary phase diagrams of lipid/surfactant/ATV mixture were constructed to generate the solubility data of ATV. Two lipids namely Capmul PG 8, Oleic acid and seven different surfactants namely Tween 20, Tween 80, Cremophor CO 40, Cremophor CO 60, Cremophor EL, Cremophor RH 40 and Cremophor RH 60 were used. For Capmul PG 8/surfactant mixture, solubilizing efficiency order was: Cremophor RH 40 > Tween 80 > Tween 20 > Cremophor CO 60 > Cremophor RH 60 > Cremophor EL > Cremophor CO 40. For Oleic acid/surfactant mixture, solubilizing efficiency order was: Cremophor RH 40 > Tween 80 > Tween 20 > Cremophor RH 60 > Cremophor CO 60 > Cremophor EL > Cremophor CO 40. Considering the solubility phase diagrams of the drug, both Oleic acid and Capmul PG 8 can be used as lipid in combination with any of the surfactants, Cremophor RH40 or Tween 80 or Tween 20 for the development of SEDDS formulations of ATV having enhanced solubility and dissolution property. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i2.14507 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(2): 83-91, 2012 (December)
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Glochidion multiloculare (Roxb. ex Willd.) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Azam ATM Zafrul , Hasan Abdullah Al , Uddin Md Gias , Masud Mohammad Mehedi , Hasan Choudhury Mahmood
Published: April 2013

The methanol extract (ME) of the powdered bark of Glochidion multiloculare and its six vacuum liquid chromatographic (VLC) fractions (Fa-f) were investigated for antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Only fractions Fc and Fd showed mild antimicrobial activity. Significant free radical (DPPH) scavenging activity was found in Ff (IC50 value = 9.27±0.117 ?g/ml). The total phenolic content was measured involving Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and it was the highest in fraction Fe (187.00±1.74 mg of GAE/gm of sample). Cytotoxicity (LC50) by brine shrimp lethality bioassay was found to be significant for Fb (0.023±0.001 ?g/ml), Fc (0.3±0.01 ?g/ml) and Fd (0.117±0.0015 ?g/ml). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i2.14560 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(2): 117-120, 2012 (December)
Development of Sustained Release Preparations of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Based on Fatty Matrix
Authors: Nargis Monnujan , Islam Md Saiful , Naushin Fatima , Haider Syed Shabbir
Published: April 2013

Sustained release formulations of metoclopramide HCl (4-amino-5-chloro-N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-2- methoxybenzamide hydrochloride) (MH) were prepared using carnauba wax (CW) and stearic acid (SA) as matrix formers. Granules were prepared by melt granulation method while direct compression technique was used to prepare the tablets. The drug release profiles of these products were studied by in-vitro dissolution testing in simulated gastric, gastrointestinal and intestinal media of pH 1.2, 4.5 and 7.5, respectively. The increase in the proportion of SA in the granules produced a concomitant decrease of the initial drug release rate but later on the release rate was enhanced in the intestinal medium. Drug release was found to be affected by compression force and stirring rate but also showed a dependency on pH of the dissolution fluid. The fastest release rate was found at pH 4.5 and the slowest at pH 1.2 which was consistent with the drugs solubility behavior. Matrix erosion and water uptake rates were highest in the intestinal medium and lowest in the gastric medium. The drug release kinetics followed the Higuchis model in all cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i2.14563 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(2): 129-136, 2012 (December)
Les tombes multiples dans le Néolithique français : aléa statistique ou pratique institutionnalisée ?
Authors: Chambon Philippe , Leclerc Jean
Published: April 2013

deaths in these agricultural communities. The various scenarios that have been proposed have little in common apart from their dramatic nature and misuse of ethnographic comparisons. Our new study of multiple burials in the French Early and Middle Neolithic follows three successive yet complementary paths. Firstly, a statistical approach showed that the simultaneous death of two individuals is not improbable: the proportion of double graves conforms to our expectations of prehistoric demography. The number of triple graves, however, is much too high, and the probability of more than three simultaneous natural deaths is nil. Next, archaeological observations were used to look for possible exceptional features in graves with multiple burials. It emerges that there is no distinction between double and single graves from the same context. Graves with four or more burials, on the contrary, display specific arrangements. Triple burials are paradoxical, since they are improbable in demographic terms yet display ordinary archaeological features. This paradox can be resolved by close examination of the cemeteries involved. In fact the demographically exceptional graves match the single graves because all the graves are exceptional here. The association of several multiple graves in the same sites supports this conclusion. Ultimately, leaving aside the few cases involving •catastrophic” events, Early and Middle Neolithic multiple burials are ordinary features within an unusual funerary phenomenon.
Indices d'un art mégalithique en Aquitaine
Authors: Beyneix Alain
Published: April 2013

La présente contribution est avant tout un inventaire raisonné des témoignages d’un art mégalithique en Aquitaine. Des décorations gravées sont encore observables sur le menhir de Guillay à Larrivière dans les Landes et sur les dalles de chevet des allées funéraires du Curton à Jugazan et de Roquefort à Lugasson, toutes deux en Gironde. Des motifs picturaux aujourd’hui disparus ont pu orner l’allée de Barbehère à Saint-Germaind’Esteuil en Gironde et beaucoup plus hypothétiquement l’allée de Lumé 1 à Fargues-sur-Ourbise en Lot-et-Garonne. Les représentations sont en très grande majorité abstraites. On ne connaît qu’une seule gravure figurative (le boviné du menhir de Guillay). Il est par ailleurs tout à fait plausible que d’autres gravures peu profondes ainsi que des décors picturaux réalisés sur des dalles de calcaire aient été détruits par les précipitations, le vent ou le gel. Quoi qu’il en soit, la rareté des monuments ornés ne permet pas d’appréhender la signification de cet art pariétal mégalithique et il est pour l’heure impossible de dépasser le stade élémentaire de la description des décors et des motifs répertoriés.
De la fin du Solutréen au Magdalénien moyen dans les vallées de la Claise et de la Creuse
Authors: Chehmana Lucie , Almeida Miguel , Aubry Thierry , Thiennet Henri , Walter Bertrand
Published: April 2013

Abstract

This paper presents a re-evaluation of the archaeological record available for an economic approach of lithic assemblages, dated between 19000 and 14000 BP, from the Claise and Creuse valleys. The integrity of each lithic assemblage is accessed through the taphonomic analysis of the Fritsch Shelter and La Garenne stratigraphic sequences. This approach permits a new interpretation of the Fristch Shelter stratigraphic units and the establishment of technological relationships with lithic assemblages recovered from open-air sites in the Claise and Creuse valleys. The data revealed a variability of raw material procurement and technology of the lithic industries, both in caves and open-air settlements, between the end of the Solutrean and the Middle Magdalenian, and allows an interpretative model to be proposed in terms of settlement complementarities.