bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of kaempferol toin vitromaturation medium regulates oxidative stress and enhances subsequent embryonic developmentin vitro
Authors: Zhao Yuhan , Xu Yongnan , Li Yinghua , Jin Qingguo , Sun Jingyu , E Zhiqiang , Gao Qingshan
Published: October 2019

Kaempferol (KAE) is one of the most common dietary flavonols possessing biological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Although previous studies have reported the biological activity of KAE on a variety of cells, it is not clear whether KAE plays a similar role in oocyte and embryoin vitroculture systems. This study investigated the effect of KAE addition toin vitromaturation on the antioxidant capacity of embryos in porcine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation. The effects of kaempferol on oocyte quality in porcine oocytes were studied based on the expression of related genes, reactive oxygen species, glutathione and mitochondrial membrane potential as criteria. The rate of blastocyst formation was significantly higher in oocytes treated with 0.1 µm KAE than in control oocytes. The mRNA level of the apoptosis-related geneCaspase-3was significantly lower in the blastocysts derived from KAE-treated oocytes than in the control group and the mRNA expression of the embryo development-related genesCOX2andSOX2was significantly increased in the KAE-treated group compared with that in the control group. Furthermore, the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species was significantly decreased and that of glutathione was significantly increased after KAE treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was increased and the activity of Caspase-3 was significantly decreased in the KAE-treated group compared with that in the control group. Taken together, these results suggested that KAE is beneficial for the improvement of embryo development by inhibiting oxidative stress in porcine oocytes.
PARABOLIC COMPACTIFICATION OF HOMOGENEOUS SPACES
Authors: Čap Andreas , Gover A. Rod , Hammerl Matthias
Published: October 2019

In this article, we study compactifications of homogeneous spaces coming from equivariant, open embeddings into a generalized flag manifold$G/P$. The key to this approach is that in each case$G/P$is the homogeneous model for a parabolic geometry; the theory of such geometries provides a large supply of geometric tools and invariant differential operators that can be used for this study. A classical theorem of Wolf shows that any involutive automorphism of a semisimple Lie group$G$with fixed point group$H$gives rise to a large family of such compactifications of homogeneous spaces of$H$. Most examples of (classical) Riemannian symmetric spaces as well as many non-symmetric examples arise in this way. A specific feature of the approach is that any compactification of that type comes with the notion of ‘curved analog’ to which the tools we develop also apply. The model example of this is a general Poincaré–Einstein manifold forming the curved analog of the conformal compactification of hyperbolic space. In the first part of the article, we derive general tools for the analysis of such compactifications. In the second part, we analyze two families of examples in detail, which in particular contain compactifications of the symmetric spaces$\mathit{SL}(n,\mathbb{R})/\mathit{SO}(p,n-p)$and$\mathit{SO}(n,\mathbb{C})/\mathit{SO}(n)$. We describe the decomposition of the compactification into orbits, show how orbit closures can be described as the zero sets of smooth solutions to certain invariant differential operators and prove a local slice theorem around each orbit in these examples.
Faint Dwarf galaxies in nearby WINGS clusters: photometric characterization
Authors: Bettoni Daniela , Omizzolo Alessandro
Published: October 2019

In the cores of galaxy clusters there is a population of lows-mass stellar systems such as dwarf Early-type galaxies, ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) and ultra diffuse dwarf galaxies. We present here the photometric and morphological characterization of this population of objects using deep CFHT images of a sample of clusters belonging to the WINGS survey (0.04 < z < 0.06). We study only galaxies that are spectroscopically confirmed members of the cluster. The population of dwarfs ranges from ∽ 30% for the more rich clusters to ∽ 5-6% for the less rich ones.
The Nature of the Triangulum-Andromeda Stellar Structures
Authors: Silva J. V. Sales , Perottoni H. , Cunha K. , Rocha-Pinto H. J. , Souto D. , Almeida-Fernandes F.
Published: October 2019

The outer stellar halo is home to a number of substructures that are remnants of former interactions of the Galaxy with its dwarf satellites. Triangulum-Andromeda (TriAnd) is one of these halo substructures, found as a debris cloud by Rocha-Pinto et al., (2004) using 2MASS M giants. Would be these structures related to dwarf galaxies or to the galactic disk? To uncover the nature of these stars we performed a high-resolution spectroscopic study (R = 40,000) along with a kinematic analysis using Gaia data. We determined the atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances of Ca and Mg for the 13 TriAnd candidate stars along with their respective orbits. Our results indicate that the TriAnd stars analyzed have a galactic nature but that these stars are not from the local thin disk.
HST STIS Observations of the Central Radio/X-Ray Source in the Compact Starburst Galaxy Henize 2-10
Authors: Rohr Eric , Whittle Mark , Reines Amy , Johnson Kelsey
Published: October 2019

Based on radio and X-ray observations, it has been suggested that a black hole of mass ∼106 Mʘ resides in the dwarf starburst galaxy Henize 2-10. This unusual finding has important implications for the formation of massive black holes in the early universe since Henize 2-10 can be viewed as a low redshift analog to the first high-z galaxies. We present long-slit HST STIS spectra that include the central radio/X-ray source. While recent VLT-MUSE spectroscopic observations with 0″.7 seeing show no change in ionization near the central source, our higher spatial resolution STIS observations identify a distinct compact region at the location of the radio/X-ray source. Initial analysis reveals broader (FWHM ∼ 380 km s-1) blue-shifted lines of low ionization. Our analysis focuses on testing two scenarios: a LINER-like AGN and a young (few decades) SNR.
Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey for the Local Group Dwarf Galaxies: Ursa Minor
Authors: Komiyama Yutaka
Published: October 2019

We have carried out a wide and deep imaging survey for the Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxy Ursa Minor (UMi) using Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC). The data cover out beyond the nominal tidal radius down to ~25 mag in i band, which is ~2 mag below the main sequence turn-off point. The structural parameters of UMi are derived using red giant branch (RGB) stars and sub-giant branch (SGB) stars, and the tidal radius is suggested to be larger than those estimated by the previous studies. It is also found that the distribution of bluer RGB/SGB stars is more extended than that of redder RGB/SGB stars. The fraction of binary systems is estimated to be ~0.4 from the morphology of the main sequences.
Multiple Absorption Systems in the Lines of Sight to Quadruply Lensed Quasar H1413+1143 As a Probe of the Circumgalactic medium around Dwarf Galaxy
Authors: Okoshi Katsuya , Minowa Yosuke , Kashikawa Nobunari , Koyamada Suzuka , Misawa Toru
Published: October 2019

We present the first measurement of differences in MgII absorption strength in multiple intervening absorbers, which are also identified as (sub-)Damped Lyman alpha absorption systems, in the four spectra of the quadruply lensed quasar H1413+1143, often referred to the “Cloverleaf”, from highly spatial resolution and high signal-to-noise spectroscopy with an optical multi-mode spectrograph, the Kyoto tridimentional spectrograph II on board the Subaru telescope. The detection of significant MgII absorptions in multiple components in the spatially-resolved spectra suggests that chemical enrichment differs at least on scale of about 10 kpc within the separation of sightlines. For, a DLA system at redshift zabs = 1.66, the rest equivalent widths of MgII absorption lines change by factors up to 6, which is similar to those of HI absorption lines. This suggests that (inhomogeneous) cold absorbers which give rise to strong HI/MgII absorptions dwell on a scale within 10 kpc in the circumgalactic medium (CGM).
Dwarf Galaxies in the Core of Coma Cluster
Authors: Hasan S. N. , Shah Priya , Nagamani P.
Published: October 2019

Dwarf galaxies constitute 18% of the galaxies in the core of the Coma Cluster. We present the correlation between structural properties and morphology of galaxies in the central region of Coma Cluster for 221 objects within the apparent magnitude range m < 19.5. The data is taken from the HST/ACS Coma Cluster Treasury Survey. For cluster membership we have used photometric redshifts and spectroscopic redshifts from literature. From the investigation of correlations of effective radius, Sersic index, absolute magnitude and bulge to total light ratio, we find the galaxies are distributed as follows: dwarfs 18%, E/SO 33%, SO 22%, Sb & Sb0 17% and 10% are Spirals+Irregulars+Ring. We found that multiple component fits are best for giants and the single Sersic fit is best for dwarfs & spiral galaxies. We shall try to explain why the single Sersic fit is best for dwarfs and what kind of stellar orbits do they correspond to using the bulge Sersic index of dwarfs.
Numerical computation of gravitational field of infinitely-thin axisymmetric disc with arbitrary surface mass density profile and its application to preliminary study of rotation curve of M33
Authors: Fukushima Toshio
Published: October 2019

We developed a numerical method[-70pt] to compute the gravitational field of an infinitely-thin axisymmetric disc with an arbitrary surface mass density profile. We evaluate the gravitational potential by a split quadrature using the double exponential rule and obtain the acceleration vector by numerically differentiating the potential by Ridders’ algorithm. By using the new method, we show the rotation curves of some non-trivial discs: (i) truncated power-law discs, (ii) discs with a non-negligible center hole, (iii) truncated Mestel discs with edge-softening, (iv) double power-law discs, (v) exponentially-damped power-law discs, and (vi) an exponential disc with a sinusoidal modulation of the density profile. Also, we present a couple of model fittings to the observed rotation curve of M33: (i) the standard deconvolution by assuming a spherical distributin of the dark matter and (ii) a direct fit of infinitely-thin disc mass with a double power-law distribution of the surface mass density.
Diffuse post-starburst galaxies: a smoking gun of formation of ultra-diffuse galaxies via ram pressure stripping
Authors: Chilingarian Igor V. , Grishin Kirill A. , Afanasiev Anton V. , Fabricant Daniel , Katkov Ivan Yu.
Published: October 2019

Ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) have sizes comparable to the Milky Way and stellar masses of about 1/1000 of it. They attracted a lot of attention as possible “dark galaxies” heavily dominated by dark matter, however, no reliable dynamical mass estimates were done because of their extremely low surface brightness. We have recently found 13 gas free diffuse young (300–500 Myr) post-starburst galaxies (PSGs) without ongoing star formation in Coma and Abell 2147, which, should they continue to evolve passively, will become UDGs in 5 Gyr. We obtained deep spectroscopic observations for 11 diffuse PSGs and derived their internal kinematics and stellar population properties. All of them possess disk-like kinematics (substantial rotation, low stellar velocity dispersion) and likely experienced starburst episodes prior to the star formation quenching by ram pressure stripping. Our results suggest that at least some UDGs were “normal” intermediate to large-sized disk galaxies in the past, which were later quenched by dense environment.
Outlying Hα blobs in SDSS IV MaNGA
Authors: Bait Omkar , Wadadekar Yogesh , Barway Sudhanshu
Published: October 2019

We have discovered a population of 29 outlying Hα emitters which appear like unresolved blobs in the DR14 data release of the SDSS IV MaNGA integral field unit survey. They do not have any underlying optical continuum emission in deep imaging from the DECam Legacy Survey or Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey. These blobs either lie away from the disc of the host galaxy in the MaNGA IFU and/or have velocities which are different from the velocity map of the host galaxy. Interestingly, all of them show photoionisation due to star formation. These galaxies have very high specific star formation rates compared to the known population of dwarf galaxies. However, their metallicities are consistent with or even lowerthan those of the local volume dwarfs. Thus, we can possibly rule out tidal dwarf galaxies. They could represent a new population of low mass and starbursting dwarf galaxies.
Effekte einer 6-sekündigen Präsentation von bildgestützten Warnhinweisen auf implizite und explizite alkoholbezogene Kognitionen von Jugendlichen
Authors: Morgenstern Matthis , Hanewinkel Reiner
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung. Ziel: Es wurde untersucht, welche unmittelbaren Wirkungen alkoholbezogene Warnhinweise auf Jugendliche haben. Methodik: Zwei experimentelle Online-Studien mit insgesamt 2.497 Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen zwischen 13 und 19 Jahren. In beiden Studien wurde vor dem Ausfüllen eines Fragebogens für 6 Sekunden ein Bild präsentiert, das per Zufall aus drei Kategorien stammte: a) jugendspezifischer Warnhinweis b) konventioneller nicht-jugendspezifischer Warnhinweis sowie c) „neutrales“ Foto ohne Alkoholbezug. Als direkte Maße wurden alkoholbezogene Einstellungen und Trinkintentionen erfasst (Studie 1), als indirekte Maße der implizite Affekt, soziale Normen und allgemeine (inkl. alkohol-bezogene) Risikoeinschätzungen (Studie 2). Ergebnisse: Nach Exposition mit einem konventionellen Warnhinweis schätzten die Befragten die Wahrscheinlichkeit höher ein, am nächsten Wochenende fünf oder mehr alkoholische Getränke zu konsumieren als in den beiden anderen Bedingungen (Studie 1). Befragte der Bedingung „jugendspezifischer Warnhinweis“ hatten eine insgesamt höhere Risikowahrnehmung und schätzten die Risiken des Alkoholkonsums als höher ein als Befragte der beiden anderen Bedingungen (Studie 2). Keine Unterschiede ergaben sich bei alkoholbezogenen Einstellungen (Studie 1). Schlussfolgerungen: Bereits eine sehr kurze Exposition mit bildgestützten Warnhinweisen über Alkohol scheinen messbare Effekte auf Kognitionen von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen auslösen zu können.
Endokrine Folgen der Anorexia nervosa
Authors: Milos Gabriella , Hebebrand Johannes
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung. Anorexia nervosa ist eine gefährliche Krankheit mit noch unbekannter Ätiologie, die eine Vielzahl von endokrinen Auswirkungen verursacht. Charakteristisch für Anorexia nervosa sind eine reduzierte Nahrungsaufnahme und dadurch deutliches Untergewicht, sowie die Angst vor Gewichtszunahme. Oft haben Betroffene auch eine verzerrte Selbstwahrnehmung, Bewegungsdrang und eine ausbleibende Regelblutung. Anorexia nervosa ist schwierig zu behandeln, hat einen oft chronischen Verlauf und ist mit einem erhöhten Mortalitätsrisiko verbunden. Die endokrinologischen Veränderungen treten in mehreren endokrinen Achsen auf, ihr Ausmass hängt mit dem Grad der Unterernährung zusammen. Ein niedriger Leptin-Serumspiegel, bedingt durch das Untergewicht, signalisiert dem Gehirn einen potenziell gefährlichen Energiemangel. Es kommt zu einer Kaskade von neuroendokrinen Anpassungsreaktionen, um dem Organismus das Überleben zu sichern. Die Auswirkungen des Hungerzustandes sind weitreichend und beeinträchtigen Hypophyse, Schilddrüse, Nebennieren, Gonaden und Knochen. Bei positiven Verläufen sind die meisten Dysfunktionen reversibel; die kompromittierte Knochenstabilität kann sich nur zögerlich erholen.
Systemische Therapien bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen mit Essstörungen
Authors: Pasi Patrick , Pauli Dagmar
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung. Essstörungen sind schwere psychosomatische Krankheiten mit beträchtlichen psychiatrischen und somatischen Komorbiditäten, verminderter Arbeitsfähigkeit, starker Inanspruchnahme des Gesundheitssystems und hohen Behandlungskosten. Da die Erkrankung typischerweise in der Adoleszenz oder im frühen Erwachsenenalter beginnt und frühe Interventionen erwiesenermassen zu einer besseren Prognose führen, gab es in den vergangenen Jahren viel Therapieforschung zur Behandlung der Essstörungen im Jugendalter. Bei Jugendlichen überwiegt die Wirksamkeit der Familientherapie verglichen mit der Einzeltherapie, die bei Erwachsenen in den internationalen Behandlungsrichtlinien immer noch die beste Evidenz hat. Bei Jugendlichen mit Bulimia nervosa wird ebenfalls die Familientherapie empfohlen. Bei Betroffenen mit Binge eating und Adipositas ist man mit der Forschung betreffend familienbasierter Ansätze noch am Anfang, es gibt aber erste ermutigende Resultate. Dieser Artikel fasst einige systemtherapeutische Ansätze für Familien von Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen mit Essstörungen zusammen, mit Bezug auf die neusten Forschungsergebnisse. Zudem werden Anpassungen der Konzepte an Gegebenheiten des Gesundheitssystems erwähnt, mit dem Ziel, umfassendere Behandlungsangebote für Patienten mit Essstörungen und deren Familien anzuregen.
Zippered Shear Zone Model for Interacting Shear Zones in the Borborema Province, Brazil, as Constrained by U‐Pb Dating
Authors: Ávila Carlos F. , Archanjo Carlos J. , Fossen Haakon , Hollanda Maria Helena B. M.
Published: October 2019

Shear zones typically interact to form connected systems or networks to accommodate crustal deformation, but our knowledge of how this happens is fragmentary. Understanding branching and interacting shear zones requires knowledge of timing, deformation kinematics, and rheology. The Senador Pompeu, Tauá, and Cococi strike‐slip shear zones of the Borborema Province (NE Brazil) have a central role and location in the Neoproterozoic assembly of Gondwana and provide a means to understand shear zone interaction. We apply (i) U‐Pb in situ SHRIMP analysis of zircons from syntectonic plutons and dykes to constrain the timing of shearing and (ii) vorticity and strain analysis on pluton's megacrystic facies deformed in the magmatic state and during final stages of crystallization. Obtained ages show that the shear zone pair was active under high temperature at 583.5±4.6 Ma, while felsic dykes were emplaced in the brittle regime in the wall rocks. Average vorticity estimates of 0.70 indicate a strong component of pure shear in the shear zones. Despite the transpressional character, the dispersion in estimates of thinning and thickening for the Senador Pompeu shear zone highlights variations of offset rate for the interacting branches that leads to localized transtension. We conclude that the kinematic framework of the Senador Pompeu and Tauá conjugate pair involves the formation of a dextrally closing zipper structure involving the trailing Cococi shear zone to the southwest, which in turn caused the northeastward extrusion of the enclosed crustal wedge and possibly activation of the nappe system of the Ceará Central domain.
Visualization tools for human structural variations identified by whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Yokoyama Toshiyuki T. , Kasahara Masahiro
Published: October 2019

Visualizing structural variations (SVs) is a critical step for finding associations between SVs and human traits or diseases. Given that there are many sequencing platforms used for SV identification and given that how best to visualize SVs together with other data, such as read alignments and annotations, depends on research goals, there are dozens of SV visualization tools designed for different research goals and sequencing platforms. Here, we provide a comprehensive survey of over 30 SV visualization tools to help users choose which tools to use. This review targets users who wish to visualize a set of SVs identified from the massively parallel sequencing reads of an individual human genome. We first categorize the ways in which SV visualization tools display SVs into ten major categories, which we denote as view modules. View modules allow readers to understand the features of each SV visualization tool quickly. Next, we introduce the features of individual SV visualization tools from several aspects, including whether SV views are integrated with annotations, whether long-read alignment is displayed, whether underlying data structures are graph-based, the type of SVs shown, whether auditing is possible, whether bird’s eye view is available, sequencing platforms, and the number of samples. We hope that this review will serve as a guide for readers on the currently available SV visualization tools and lead to the development of new SV visualization tools in the near future.
Gadd45β promotes regeneration after injury through TGFβ-dependent restitution in experimental colitis
Authors: Hwang Jung Hwan , Kim Tae-Hwan , Kim Yong-Hoon , Noh Jung-Ran , Choi Dong-Hee , Kim Kyoung-Shim , Lee Eun-Young , Kim Byoung-Chan , Kim Myung Hee , Kim Ho , Lee Tae Geol , Lee Jong-Soo , Lee Chul-Ho
Published: October 2019

Dysregulated immune responses and impaired function in intestinal epithelial cells contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 beta (Gadd45β) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory symptoms. However, the role of Gadd45β in IBD is completely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the role of Gadd45β in IBD. Gadd45β-KO mice exhibited drastically greater susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and mortality than C57BL/6J mice. Bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that Gadd45β functions predominantly in the intestinal epithelium and is critical during the recovery phase. Gadd45β regulates the TGF-β signaling pathway in colon tissue and epithelial cells by inhibiting Smurf-mediated degradation of TGF-β receptor type 1 via competitive binding to the N-terminal domain of Smad7. Furthermore, these results indicate that the Gadd45β-regulated TGF-β signaling pathway is involved in wound healing by enhancing epithelial restitution. These results expand the current understanding of the function of Gadd45β and its therapeutic potential in ulcerative colitis.
Exploration of intermediate-sized INDELs by next-generation multigene panel testing in Han Chinese patients with breast cancer
Authors: Hata Chihiro , Nakaoka Hirofumi , Xiang Yu , Wang Dong , Yang Anping , Liu Dahai , Liu Fang , Zou Qingfeng , Zheng Ke , Inoue Ituro , You Hua
Published: October 2019

Multigene panel testing via next-generation sequencing focuses on the detection of small-sized mutations, such as single nucleotide variants and short insertions and deletions (INDELs). However, intermediate-sized INDELs have not been fully explored due to technical difficulties. Here, we performed bioinformatics analyses to identify intermediate-sized INDELs in 54 cancer-related genes from 583 Han Chinese patients with breast cancer. We detected a novel deletion–insertion in a translational variant of PTEN (also known as PTENα) in one patient.
Early detection and staging of chronic liver diseases with a protein MRI contrast agent
Authors: Salarian Mani , Turaga Ravi Chakra , Xue Shenghui , Nezafati Maysam , Hekmatyar Khan , Qiao Jingjuan , Zhang Yinwei , Tan Shanshan , Ibhagui Oluwatosin Y. , Hai Yan , Li Jibiao , Mukkavilli Rao , Sharma Malvika , Mittal Pardeep , Min Xiaoyi , Keilholz Shella , Yu Liqing , Qin Gengshen , Farris Alton Brad , Liu Zhi-Ren , Yang Jenny J.
Published: October 2019

Early diagnosis and noninvasive detection of liver fibrosis and its heterogeneity remain as major unmet medical needs for stopping further disease progression toward severe clinical consequences. Here we report a collagen type I targeting protein-based contrast agent (ProCA32.collagen1) with strong collagen I affinity. ProCA32.collagen1 possesses high relaxivities per particle (r1 and r2) at both 1.4 and 7.0 T, which enables the robust detection of early-stage (Ishak stage 3 of 6) liver fibrosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (Ishak stage 1 of 6 or 1 A Mild) in animal models via dual contrast modes. ProCA32.collagen1 also demonstrates vasculature changes associated with intrahepatic angiogenesis and portal hypertension during late-stage fibrosis, and heterogeneity via serial molecular imaging. ProCA32.collagen1 mitigates metal toxicity due to lower dosage and strong resistance to transmetallation and unprecedented metal selectivity for Gd3+ over physiological metal ions with strong translational potential in facilitating effective treatment to halt further chronic liver disease progression.
Convergent evolution of face spaces across human face-selective neuronal groups and deep convolutional networks
Authors: Grossman Shany , Gaziv Guy , Yeagle Erin M. , Harel Michal , Mégevand Pierre , Groppe David M. , Khuvis Simon , Herrero Jose L. , Irani Michal , Mehta Ashesh D. , Malach Rafael
Published: October 2019

The discovery that deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) achieve human performance in realistic tasks offers fresh opportunities for linking neuronal tuning properties to such tasks. Here we show that the face-space geometry, revealed through pair-wise activation similarities of face-selective neuronal groups recorded intracranially in 33 patients, significantly matches that of a DCNN having human-level face recognition capabilities. This convergent evolution of pattern similarities across biological and artificial networks highlights the significance of face-space geometry in face perception. Furthermore, the nature of the neuronal to DCNN match suggests a role of human face areas in pictorial aspects of face perception. First, the match was confined to intermediate DCNN layers. Second, presenting identity-preserving image manipulations to the DCNN abolished its correlation to neuronal responses. Finally, DCNN units matching human neuronal group tuning displayed view-point selective receptive fields. Our results demonstrate the importance of face-space geometry in the pictorial aspects of human face perception.
Intronic ATTTC repeat expansions in STARD7 in familial adult myoclonic epilepsy linked to chromosome 2
Authors: Corbett Mark A. , Kroes Thessa , Veneziano Liana , Bennett Mark F. , Florian Rahel , Schneider Amy L. , Coppola Antonietta , Licchetta Laura , Franceschetti Silvana , Suppa Antonio , Wenger Aaron , Mei Davide , Pendziwiat Manuela , Kaya Sabine , Delledonne Massimo , Straussberg Rachel , Xumerle Luciano , Regan Brigid , Crompton Douglas , van Rootselaar Anne-Fleur , Correll Anthony , Catford Rachael , Bisulli Francesca , Chakraborty Shreyasee , Baldassari Sara , Tinuper Paolo , Barton Kirston , Carswell Shaun , Smith Martin , Berardelli Alfredo , Carroll Renee , Gardner Alison , Friend Kathryn L. , Blatt Ilan , Iacomino Michele , Di Bonaventura Carlo , Striano Salvatore , Buratti Julien , Keren Boris , Nava Caroline , Forlani Sylvie , Rudolf Gabrielle , Hirsch Edouard , Leguern Eric , Labauge Pierre , Balestrini Simona , Sander Josemir W. , Afawi Zaid , Helbig Ingo , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Tsuji Shoji , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Casari Giorgio , Sadleir Lynette G. , van Coller Riaan , Tijssen Marina A. J. , Klein Karl Martin , van den Maagdenberg Arn M. J. M. , Zara Federico , Guerrini Renzo , Berkovic Samuel F. , Pippucci Tommaso , Canafoglia Laura , Bahlo Melanie , Striano Pasquale , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Brancati Francesco , Depienne Christel , Gecz Jozef
Published: October 2019

Familial Adult Myoclonic Epilepsy (FAME) is characterised by cortical myoclonic tremor usually from the second decade of life and overt myoclonic or generalised tonic-clonic seizures. Four independent loci have been implicated in FAME on chromosomes (chr) 2, 3, 5 and 8. Using whole genome sequencing and repeat primed PCR, we provide evidence that chr2-linked FAME (FAME2) is caused by an expansion of an ATTTC pentamer within the first intron of STARD7. The ATTTC expansions segregate in 158/158 individuals typically affected by FAME from 22 pedigrees including 16 previously reported families recruited worldwide. RNA sequencing from patient derived fibroblasts shows no accumulation of the AUUUU or AUUUC repeat sequences and STARD7 gene expression is not affected. These data, in combination with other genes bearing similar mutations that have been implicated in FAME, suggest ATTTC expansions may cause this disorder, irrespective of the genomic locus involved.
Cryo-EM structure and polymorphism of Aβ amyloid fibrils purified from Alzheimer’s brain tissue
Authors: Kollmer Marius , Close William , Funk Leonie , Rasmussen Jay , Bsoul Aref , Schierhorn Angelika , Schmidt Matthias , Sigurdson Christina J. , Jucker Mathias , Fändrich Marcus
Published: October 2019

The formation of Aβ amyloid fibrils is a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. However, the structure of Aβ amyloid fibrils from brain tissue is poorly understood. Here we report the purification of Aβ amyloid fibrils from meningeal Alzheimer’s brain tissue and their structural analysis with cryo-electron microscopy. We show that these fibrils are polymorphic but consist of similarly structured protofilaments. Brain derived Aβ amyloid fibrils are right-hand twisted and their peptide fold differs sharply from previously analyzed Aβ fibrils that were formed in vitro. These data underscore the importance to use patient-derived amyloid fibrils when investigating the structural basis of the disease.
TAF1 plays a critical role in AML1-ETO driven leukemogenesis
Authors: Xu Ye , Man Na , Karl Daniel , Martinez Concepcion , Liu Fan , Sun Jun , Martinez Camilo Jose , Martin Gloria Mas , Beckedorff Felipe , Lai Fan , Yue Jingyin , Roisman Alejandro , Greenblatt Sarah , Duffort Stephanie , Wang Lan , Sun Xiaojian , Figueroa Maria , Shiekhattar Ramin , Nimer Stephen
Published: October 2019

AML1-ETO (AE) is a fusion transcription factor, generated by the t(8;21) translocation, that functions as a leukemia promoting oncogene. Here, we demonstrate that TATA-Box Binding Protein Associated Factor 1 (TAF1) associates with K43 acetylated AE and this association plays a pivotal role in the proliferation of AE-expressing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. ChIP-sequencing indicates significant overlap of the TAF1 and AE binding sites. Knockdown of TAF1 alters the association of AE with chromatin, affecting of the expression of genes that are activated or repressed by AE. Furthermore, TAF1 is required for leukemic cell self-renewal and its reduction promotes the differentiation and apoptosis of AE+ AML cells, thereby impairing AE driven leukemogenesis. Together, our findings reveal a role of TAF1 in leukemogenesis and identify TAF1 as a potential therapeutic target for AE-expressing leukemia.
Offshore transport of particulate organic carbon in the California Current System by mesoscale eddies
Authors: Amos Caitlin M. , Castelao Renato M. , Medeiros Patricia M.
Published: October 2019

The California Current System is characterized by upwelling and rich mesoscale eddy activity. Cyclonic eddies generally pinch off from meanders in the California Current, potentially trapping upwelled water along the coast and transporting it offshore. Here, we use satellite-derived measurements of particulate organic carbon (POC) as a tracer of coastal water to show that cyclones located offshore that were generated near the coast contain higher carbon concentrations in their interior than cyclones of the same amplitude generated offshore. This indicates that eddies are in fact trapping and transporting coastal water offshore, resulting in an offshore POC enrichment of 20.9 ± 11 Gg year−1. This POC enrichment due to the coastally-generated eddies extends for 1000 km from shore. This analysis provides large-scale observational-based evidence that eddies play a quantitatively important role in the offshore transport of coastal water, substantially widening the area influenced by highly productive upwelled waters in the California Current System.
The rapid electrochemical activation of MoTe2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: McGlynn Jessica C. , Dankwort Torben , Kienle Lorenz , Bandeira Nuno A. G. , Fraser James P. , Gibson Emma K. , Cascallana-Matías Irene , Kamarás Katalin , Symes Mark D. , Miras Haralampos N. , Ganin Alexey Y.
Published: October 2019

The electrochemical generation of hydrogen is a key enabling technology for the production of sustainable fuels. Transition metal chalcogenides show considerable promise as catalysts for this reaction, but to date there are very few reports of tellurides in this context, and none of these transition metal telluride catalysts are especially active. Here, we show that the catalytic performance of metallic 1T′-MoTe2 is improved dramatically when the electrode is held at cathodic bias. As a result, the overpotential required to maintain a current density of 10 mA cm−2 decreases from 320 mV to just 178 mV. We show that this rapid and reversible activation process has its origins in adsorption of H onto Te sites on the surface of 1T′-MoTe2. This activation process highlights the importance of subtle changes in the electronic structure of an electrode material and how these can influence the subsequent electrocatalytic activity that is displayed.
Constraining the rise of oxygen with oxygen isotopes
Authors: Killingsworth B. A. , Sansjofre P. , Philippot P. , Cartigny P. , Thomazo C. , Lalonde S. V.
Published: October 2019

After permanent atmospheric oxygenation, anomalous sulfur isotope compositions were lost from sedimentary rocks, demonstrating that atmospheric chemistry ceded its control of Earth’s surficial sulfur cycle to weathering. However, mixed signals of anoxia and oxygenation in the sulfur isotope record between 2.5 to 2.3 billion years (Ga) ago require independent clarification, for example via oxygen isotopes in sulfate. Here we show <2.31 Ga sedimentary barium sulfates (barites) from the Turee Creek Basin, W. Australia with positive sulfur isotope anomalies of ∆33S up to + 1.55‰ and low δ18O down to −19.5‰. The unequivocal origin of this combination of signals is sulfide oxidation in meteoric water. Geochemical and sedimentary evidence suggests that these S-isotope anomalies were transferred from the paleo-continent under an oxygenated atmosphere. Our findings indicate that incipient oxidative continental weathering, ca. 2.8–2.5 Ga or earlier, may be diagnosed with such a combination of low δ18O and high ∆33S in sulfates.
Rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria using Raman spectroscopy and deep learning
Authors: Ho Chi-Sing , Jean Neal , Hogan Catherine A. , Blackmon Lena , Jeffrey Stefanie S. , Holodniy Mark , Banaei Niaz , Saleh Amr A. E. , Ermon Stefano , Dionne Jennifer
Published: October 2019

Raman optical spectroscopy promises label-free bacterial detection, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing in a single step. However, achieving clinically relevant speeds and accuracies remains challenging due to weak Raman signal from bacterial cells and numerous bacterial species and phenotypes. Here we generate an extensive dataset of bacterial Raman spectra and apply deep learning approaches to accurately identify 30 common bacterial pathogens. Even on low signal-to-noise spectra, we achieve average isolate-level accuracies exceeding 82% and antibiotic treatment identification accuracies of 97.0±0.3%. We also show that this approach distinguishes between methicillin-resistant and -susceptible isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and MSSA) with 89±0.1% accuracy. We validate our results on clinical isolates from 50 patients. Using just 10 bacterial spectra from each patient isolate, we achieve treatment identification accuracies of 99.7%. Our approach has potential for culture-free pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing, and could be readily extended for diagnostics on blood, urine, and sputum.
Thermotolerance in the pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is linked to antigen masking via mRNA decay-dependent reprogramming
Authors: Bloom Amanda L. M. , Jin Richard M. , Leipheimer Jay , Bard Jonathan E. , Yergeau Donald , Wohlfert Elizabeth A. , Panepinto John C.
Published: October 2019

A common feature shared by systemic fungal pathogens of environmental origin, such as Cryptococcus neoformans, is their ability to adapt to mammalian core body temperature. In C. neoformans, this adaptation is accompanied by Ccr4-mediated decay of ribosomal protein mRNAs. Here we use the related, but thermo-intolerant species Cryptococcus amylolentus to demonstrate that this response contributes to host-temperature adaptation and pathogenicity of cryptococci. In a C. neoformans ccr4Δ mutant, stabilized ribosomal protein mRNAs are retained in the translating pool, and stress-induced transcriptomic changes are reduced in comparison with the wild type strain, likely due to ineffective translation of transcription factors. In addition, the mutant displays increased exposure of cell wall glucans, and recognition by Dectin-1 results in increased phagocytosis by lung macrophages, linking mRNA decay to adaptation and immune evasion.
The oomycete Lagenisma coscinodisci hijacks host alkaloid synthesis during infection of a marine diatom
Authors: Vallet Marine , Baumeister Tim U. H. , Kaftan Filip , Grabe Veit , Buaya Anthony , Thines Marco , Svatoš Aleš , Pohnert Georg
Published: October 2019

Flagellated oomycetes frequently infect unicellular algae, thus limiting their proliferation. Here we show that the marine oomycete Lagenisma coscinodisci rewires the metabolome of the bloom-forming diatom Coscinodiscus granii, thereby promoting infection success. The algal alkaloids β-carboline and 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid are induced during infection. Single-cell profiling with AP-MALDI-MS and confocal laser scanning microscopy reveals that algal carbolines accumulate in the reproductive form of the parasite. The compounds arrest the algal cell division, increase the infection rate and induce plasmolysis in the host. Our results indicate that the oomycete manipulates the host metabolome to support its own multiplication.
Structural insights of human mitofusin-2 into mitochondrial fusion and CMT2A onset
Authors: Li Yu-Jie , Cao Yu-Lu , Feng Jian-Xiong , Qi Yuanbo , Meng Shuxia , Yang Jie-Feng , Zhong Ya-Ting , Kang Sisi , Chen Xiaoxue , Lan Lan , Luo Li , Yu Bing , Chen Shoudeng , Chan David C. , Hu Junjie , Gao Song
Published: October 2019

Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a dynamin-like GTPase that plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial fusion and cell metabolism. Mutations in MFN2 cause the neurodegenerative disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A (CMT2A). The molecular basis underlying the physiological and pathological relevance of MFN2 is unclear. Here, we present crystal structures of truncated human MFN2 in different nucleotide-loading states. Unlike other dynamin superfamily members including MFN1, MFN2 forms sustained dimers even after GTP hydrolysis via the GTPase domain (G) interface, which accounts for its high membrane-tethering efficiency. The biochemical discrepancy between human MFN2 and MFN1 largely derives from a primate-only single amino acid variance. MFN2 and MFN1 can form heterodimers via the G interface in a nucleotide-dependent manner. CMT2A-related mutations, mapping to different functional zones of MFN2, lead to changes in GTP hydrolysis and homo/hetero-association ability. Our study provides fundamental insight into how mitofusins mediate mitochondrial fusion and the ways their disruptions cause disease.
A deep learning framework to predict binding preference of RNA constituents on protein surface
Authors: Lam Jordy Homing , Li Yu , Zhu Lizhe , Umarov Ramzan , Jiang Hanlun , Héliou Amélie , Sheong Fu Kit , Liu Tianyun , Long Yongkang , Li Yunfei , Fang Liang , Altman Russ B. , Chen Wei , Huang Xuhui , Gao Xin
Published: October 2019

Protein-RNA interaction plays important roles in post-transcriptional regulation. However, the task of predicting these interactions given a protein structure is difficult. Here we show that, by leveraging a deep learning model NucleicNet, attributes such as binding preference of RNA backbone constituents and different bases can be predicted from local physicochemical characteristics of protein structure surface. On a diverse set of challenging RNA-binding proteins, including Fem-3-binding-factor 2, Argonaute 2 and Ribonuclease III, NucleicNet can accurately recover interaction modes discovered by structural biology experiments. Furthermore, we show that, without seeing any in vitro or in vivo assay data, NucleicNet can still achieve consistency with experiments, including RNAcompete, Immunoprecipitation Assay, and siRNA Knockdown Benchmark. NucleicNet can thus serve to provide quantitative fitness of RNA sequences for given binding pockets or to predict potential binding pockets and binding RNAs for previously unknown RNA binding proteins.
Tuning wettability of molten lithium via a chemical strategy for lithium metal anodes
Authors: Wang Shu-Hua , Yue Junpei , Dong Wei , Zuo Tong-Tong , Li Jin-Yi , Liu Xiaolong , Zhang Xu-Dong , Liu Lin , Shi Ji-Lei , Yin Ya-Xia , Guo Yu-Guo
Published: October 2019

Metallic lithium affords the highest theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential and is viewed as a leading contender as an anode for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries. However, the poor wettability of molten lithium does not allow it to spread across the surface of lithiophobic substrates, hindering the production and application of this anode. Here we report a general chemical strategy to overcome this dilemma by reacting molten lithium with functional organic coatings or elemental additives. The Gibbs formation energy and newly formed chemical bonds are found to be the governing factor for the wetting behavior. As a result of the improved wettability, a series of ultrathin lithium of 10–20 μm thick is obtained together with impressive electrochemical performance in lithium metal batteries. These findings provide an overall guide for tuning the wettability of molten lithium and offer an affordable strategy for the large-scale production of ultrathin lithium, and could be further extended to other alkali metals, such as sodium and potassium.
Structure of a cyanobacterial photosystem I tetramer revealed by cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Kato Koji , Nagao Ryo , Jiang Tian-Yi , Ueno Yoshifumi , Yokono Makio , Chan Siu Kit , Watanabe Mai , Ikeuchi Masahiko , Shen Jian-Ren , Akimoto Seiji , Miyazaki Naoyuki , Akita Fusamichi
Published: October 2019

Photosystem I (PSI) functions to harvest light energy for conversion into chemical energy. The organisation of PSI is variable depending on the species of organism. Here we report the structure of a tetrameric PSI core isolated from a cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, analysed by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) at 3.3 Å resolution. The PSI tetramer has a C2 symmetry and is organised in a dimer of dimers form. The structure reveals interactions at the dimer-dimer interface and the existence of characteristic pigment orientations and inter-pigment distances within the dimer units that are important for unique excitation energy transfer. In particular, characteristic residues of PsaL are identified to be responsible for the formation of the tetramer. Time-resolved fluorescence analyses showed that the PSI tetramer has an enhanced excitation-energy quenching. These structural and spectroscopic findings provide insights into the physiological significance of the PSI tetramer and evolutionary changes of the PSI organisations.
Diamond growth from organic compounds in hydrous fluids deep within the Earth
Authors: Frezzotti Maria Luce
Published: October 2019

At subduction zones, most diamonds form by carbon saturation in hydrous fluids released from lithospheric plates on equilibration with mantle rocks. Although organic molecules are predicted among dissolved species which are the source for carbon in diamonds, their occurrence is not demonstrated in nature, and the physical model for crustal diamond formation is debated. Here, using Raman microspectroscopy, I determine the structure of carbon-based phases inside fluid inclusions in diamond-bearing rocks from the Alps. The results provide direct evidence that diamond surfaces are coated by sp2-, and sp3-bonded amorphous carbon and functional groups of carboxylic acids (e.g., carboxyl, carboxylate, methyl, and methylene), indicating the geosynthesis of organic compounds in deep hydrous fluids. Moreover, this study suggests diamond nucleation via metastable molecular precursors. As a possible scenario, with carbon saturation by reduction of carboxylate groups, I consider tetrahedral H-terminated C groups as templates for the growth of sp3-structured carbon.
An updated and unified earthquake catalog from 1787 to 2018 for seismic hazard assessment studies in Mexico
Authors: Sawires Rashad , Santoyo Miguel A. , Peláez José A. , Corona Fernández Raúl Daniel
Published: October 2019

Here we present a new updated and unified Poissonian earthquake catalog for Mexico. The details about the catalog compilation, the removal of duplicate events, unifying the magnitude scales, removal of dependent events through the declustering process and its completeness analysis are presented. Earthquake and focal mechanism data have been compiled from various local, regional and international sources. Large earthquake events (MW ≥ 6.5) have been carefully revised for their epicentral locations and magnitudes from trusted publications. Different magnitude-conversion relationships, compatible with available local and regional ones, has been established to obtain unified moment magnitude estimates for the whole catalog. Completeness periods for the declustered catalog were estimated for the definition of appropriate seismic source models for the whole territory. The final unified Poissonian earthquake catalog spans from 1787 to 2018, covering a spatial extent of 13° to 33°N and 91° to 117°W. This catalog is compatible with other published catalogs providing basis for new analysis related to seismicity, seismotectonics and seismic hazard assessment in Mexico.
Prenatal hypoxia-induced epigenomic and transcriptomic reprogramming in rat fetal and adult offspring hearts
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhang Lubo , Wang Charles
Published: October 2019

The molecular mechanism of antenatal hypoxia impacting on fetal heart development and elevated risk of heart disease of adult offspring is poorly understood. We present a dataset integrating DNA methylome and transcriptome analyses of antenatal hypoxia affecting rat fetal and adult offspring hearts to understand hypoxia-mediated epigenomic reprogramming of the heart development. We showed that antenatal hypoxia not only induced DNA methylomic and transcriptomic changes in the fetal hearts, but also had a delayed and lasting effect on the adult offspring hearts. Of interest, antenatal hypoxia induced opposite changes in DNA methylation patterns in fetal and adult hearts, with a hypermethylation in the fetus and a hypomethylation in the adult. An extensive preprocessing, quality assessment, and downstream data analyses were performed on the genomic dataset so that the research community may take advantage of the public resource. These dataset could be exploited as a comprehensive resource for understanding fetal hypoxia-mediated epigenetic reprogramming in the heart development and further developmental programming of heart vulnerability to disease later in life.

Figshare doi: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9948572