bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between shift work, shift work sleep disorders and premature ejaculation in male workers
Authors: Zheng Zhenming , Pan Jiashan , Chen Zhimin , Gao Pan , Gao Jingjing , Jiang Hui , Zhang Xiansheng
Published: July 2024

Objective

Shift work and Shift Work Sleep Disorder (SWSD) are known to affect the secretion of several neurotransmitters and hormones associated with premature ejaculation (PE). However, their specific influence on the regulation of male ejaculation remains unclear. This study explores the relationship between shift work, SWSD, and PE.

Methods

From April to October 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted across five regions of China to explore the work schedules, sleep quality, and sexual function of male workers. Participants' sleep quality was evaluated using a validated SWSD questionnaire, and their erectile function and ejaculatory control were assessed with the International Inventory of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) scores, respectively. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were employed to identify risk factors associated with PE. Confounders were controlled using multiple regression models, and clinical prediction models were developed to predict PE onset and assess the contribution of risk factors.

Results

The study included 1239 eligible participants, comprising 840 non-shift workers and 399 shift workers (148 with SWSD and 251 without SWSD). Compared to non-shift working males, those involved in shift work (β 1.58, 95% CI 0.75 – 2.42, p < 0.001) and those suffering from SWSD (β 2.86, 95% CI 1.86 – 3.85, p < 0.001) they had significantly higher PEDT scores. Additionally, we identified daily sleep of less than six hours, depression, anxiety, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, frequent alcohol consumption (more than twice a week), and erectile dysfunction as risk factors for PE. The predictive model for PE demonstrated commendable efficacy.

Conclusion

Both shift work and SWSD significantly increase the risk of premature ejaculation, with the risk magnifying in tandem with the duration of shift work. This study reveals the potential impact of shift work and SWSD on PE and provides new theoretical foundations for the risk assessment and prevention of this condition.
Reallocating just 10 min to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from other components of 24-hour movement behaviors improves cardiovascular health in adults
Authors: Ji Yemeng , Atakan Muhammed M. , Yan Xu , Wu Jinlong , Kuang Jujiao , Peng Li
Published: July 2024

Background

As components of a 24-hour day, sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA), and sleep are all independently linked to cardiovascular health (CVH). However, insufficient understanding of components’ mutual exclusion limits the exploration of the associations between all movement behaviors and health outcomes. The aim of this study was to employ compositional data analysis (CoDA) approach to investigate the associations between 24-hour movement behaviors and overall CVH.

Methods

Data from 581 participants, including 230 women, were collected from the 2005–2006 wave of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This dataset included information on the duration of SB and PA, derived from ActiGraph accelerometers, as well as self-reported sleep duration. The assessment of CVH was conducted in accordance with the criteria outlined in Life’s Simple 7, encompassing the evaluation of both health behaviors and health factors. Compositional linear regression was utilized to examine the cross-sectional associations of 24-hour movement behaviors and each component with CVH score. Furthermore, the study predicted the potential differences in CVH score that would occur by reallocating 10 to 60 min among different movement behaviors.

Results

A significant association was observed between 24-hour movement behaviors and overall CVH (p < 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. Substituting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for other components was strongly associated with favorable differences in CVH score (p < 0.05), whether in one-for-one reallocations or one-for-remaining reallocations. Allocating time away from MVPA consistently resulted in larger negative differences in CVH score (p < 0.05). For instance, replacing 10 min of light physical activity (LPA) with MVPA was related to an increase of 0.21 in CVH score (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.11 to 0.31). Conversely, when the same duration of MVPA was replaced with LPA, CVH score decreased by 0.67 (95% CI -0.99 to -0.35). No such significance was discovered for all duration reallocations involving only LPA, SB, and sleep (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

MVPA seems to be as a pivotal determinant for enhancing CVH among general adult population, relative to other movement behaviors. Consequently, optimization of MVPA duration is an essential element in promoting overall health and well-being.
Measurement properties of the Regular Physical Exercise Adherence Scale (REPEAS) in individuals with chronic pain
Authors: Pinheiro Cezar Augusto Brito , Bassi-Dibai Daniela , Pontes-Silva André , Pereira Fábio Henrique Ferreira , Pinheiro Jocassia Silva , Fidelis-de-Paula-Gomes Cid André , Dibai-Filho Almir Vieira
Published: July 2024

Objective

To examine the measurement properties of the Regular Physical Exercise Adherence Scale (REPEAS) in Brazilians with chronic pain.

Methods

Cross-sectional and longitudinal design (washout period for reliability). The study was conducted in two Brazilian states, Maranhão and São Paulo, and included Brazilian adults, irregular exercisers, former exercisers or non-exercise practitioners, aged 18 to 59 years and with chronic pain. The instruments used in this study were: the REPEAS, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (BHPAQ), the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for general pain (RMDQ-g). The evaluation focused on structural validity, construct validity, reliability (with standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change), internal consistency, and floor and ceiling effects.

Results

The two-dimensional structure was tested through confirmatory factor analysis, which resulted in adequate fit indeces: chi-square values/degrees of freedom = 1.541, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.966, comparative fit index = 0.974, root mean square error of approximation = 0.074, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.068. Additionally, satisfactory factor loadings (> 0.40) were obtained. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were adequate for the environmental factors domain (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.79, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88) and the personal factors domain (ICC = 0.97, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93). In hypothesis testing for construct validity, we observed a significant correlation with magnitude below 0.30 of the environmental factors domain of the REPEAS with RMDQ-g, PSEQ and sport domain of the BHPAQ. For the personal factors domain, we observed a significant correlation with a magnitude of 0.30 to 0.50 with RMDQ-g, PSEQ, and sport domain of the BHPAQ, and below 0.30 with leisure domain of the BHPAQ. No floor or ceiling effects were found for the REPEAS domains.

Conclusion

The REPEAS is a valid instrument with a two-dimensional internal structure consisting of 12 items. It has a reliable construct and is suitable for use in the clinical and epidemiological context for adults with chronic pain in Brazil.
Influence of lifestyle patterns on depression among adults with diabetes: a mediation effect of dietary inflammatory index
Authors: Wang Baoping , Fan Yuxin , Wang Xin , Zeng Xiangru , Zeng Sha , Jia Hongwei , Li Yin , Dai Chenlin
Published: July 2024

Background

Lifestyle has become a crucial modulator in the management of diabetes and is intimately linked with the development and exacerbation of comorbid depression. The study aimed to analyze lifestyle patterns and their impact on depression in individuals with diabetes and to explore the role of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) in the relationship between lifestyle patterns and depression.

Methods

Data was attained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2009 and 2020. A latent class analysis (LCA) was performed on 3,009 diabetic adults based on lifestyle behaviors. A generalised linear model (GLM) was employed to analyse the effects of different lifestyle patterns on depression. The mediation effect model was utilised to examine the relationship between lifestyle patterns, DII and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores.

Results

The cohort was divided through LCA into unhealthy lifestyle (44.53%), unhealthy but non-alcohol use (48.06%) and healthy but smoking (7.41%) groups of lifestyle behaviors, the unhealthy but non-alcohol use group was identified as a risk factor for depression (OR = 1.379, 95%CI = 1.095 ~ 1.735, P = 0.006). The DII partially mediated the relationship between the unhealthy but non-alcohol use group and PHQ-9, and fully mediated the relationship between the healthy but smoking group and PHQ-9, with effect coefficients of − 0.018 (95%CI: −0.044 ~ − 0.001) and − 0.035 (95%CI: −0.083 ~ − 0.001).

Conclusions

Lifestyle patterns significantly influence the occurrence of depression among diabetes patients. The dietary inflammation plays a varying mediating role between different lifestyle patterns and depression. Restricting pro-inflammatory diets or encouraging anti-inflammatory diets, combined with the promotion of healthy lifestyle practices, may be an effective method for preventing and alleviating symptoms of depression among patients with diabetes.
The efficacy and safety of combined therapy with endobronchial tamponade and bronchial artery embolization for massive hemoptysis
Authors: Lin Chaohui , Chen Yanfeng , Cai Donglu , Chen Zhiyu , Peng Zhuli , Lai Huiting , Liu Dexin
Published: July 2024

Background

Massive hemoptysis is characterized by its life-threatening nature, potentially leading to airway obstruction and asphyxia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of combining endobronchial tamponade with bronchial artery embolization (BAE) in the treatment of massive hemoptysis.

Methods

Between March 2018 and March 2022, a total of 67 patients with massive hemoptysis who underwent BAE were divided into two groups: the combination group (n = 26) and the BAE group (n = 41). Technical and clinical success rates were assessed, and adverse events were monitored following the treatment. Blood gas analysis and coagulation function indicators were collected before and after the treatment, and recurrence and survival rates were recorded during the follow-up period.

Results

All patients achieved technical success. There were no significant differences in the clinical success rate, recurrence rates at 3 and 6 months, and mortality rates at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year between the combination group and the BAE group. However, the hemoptysis recurrence rate at 1 year was significantly lower in the combination group compared to the BAE group (15.4% vs. 39.0%, P = 0.039). No serious adverse events were reported in either group. After treatment, the combination group showed higher levels of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), fibrinogen (FIB), and D-dimer (D-D) compared to the BAE group (P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between combined therapy and hemoptysis-free survival.

Conclusion

Combination therapy, compared to embolization alone, exhibits superior efficacy in improving respiratory function, correcting hypoxia, stopping bleeding, and preventing recurrence. It is considered an effective and safe treatment for massive hemoptysis.
Evidence-based practice in traditional persian medicine (TPM): a stakeholder and social network analysis
Authors: Abdipour Mehrian Seyed Reza , Uddin Shahadat , Ghahramani Zahra , Moshfeghinia Reza , Shahabi Saeed , Haghdoost Aliakbar , Mesbahi Golsa , Khodadost Mahmoud , Hashempur Mohammad Hashem , Heydari Mojtaba , Mojahedi Morteza , Nimrouzi Majid , Pasalar Mehdi , Vardanjani Hossein Molavi , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri
Published: July 2024

Background

The utilization of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is experiencing a global surge, accompanied by the adoption of national CAM policies in numerous countries. Traditional Persian medicine (TPM) is highly used as CAM in Iran, and the ongoing scientific evaluation of its interventions and the implementation of evidence-based medicine (EBM) encounters various barriers. Therefore, comprehending the characteristics and interactions of stakeholders is pivotal in advancing EBM within TPM policies. In this study, we utilized both classical stakeholder analysis and social network analysis to identify key stakeholders and potential communication patterns, thereby promoting EBM in TPM policy-making.

Methods

A cross-sectional nationwide stakeholder analysis was conducted in 2023 using snowball sampling. The interviews were carried out using a customized version of the six building blocks of health. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Stakeholders were assessed based on five factors (power, interest, influence, position, and competency). The connections and structure of the network were analyzed using degree, betweenness, closeness centrality, and modularity index to detect clusters of smaller networks.

Results

Among twenty-three identified stakeholders, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) and the Public were the most powerful and influential. The Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences was the most competent stakeholder. Social network analysis revealed a low density of connections among stakeholders. Pharmaceutical companies were identified as key connectors in the network, while the Public, supreme governmental bodies, and guilds acted as gatekeepers or brokers. The MOHME and Maraji were found to be high-ranking stakeholders based on four different centrality measures.

Conclusion

This study identifies powerful stakeholders in the network and emphasizes the need to engage uninterested yet significant stakeholders. Recommendations include improving competence through education, strengthening international relations, and fostering stronger relationships. Engaging key connectors and gatekeepers is essential for bridging gaps in the network.
Laparoscopic training workshop to assess medical students’ skill acquisition and interest in surgical careers
Authors: Chen Pin-Chun , Yang Po-Wen , Kao Yi-Kai , Chen Chia-Hung , Tsai Chih-Jong , Chen Yi-Chieh , Song Ling-Chiao , Tsai Kai Lung , Wu Richard C. , Chen Chih-I
Published: July 2024

Background

With its minimally invasive approach, laparoscopic surgery has transformed the medical landscape. As the demand for these procedures escalates, there is a pressing need for adept surgeons trained in laparoscopic techniques. However, current training often falls short of catering to medical school education. This study evaluates the impact of a custom-designed laparoscopic training workshop on medical students’ surgical skills and career aspirations.

Methods

This prospective experimental study was conducted at the E-Da hospital in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Medical students from Taiwanese medical schools undergoing Clerk 5, Clerk 6, and Postgraduate Year 1 and 2 were invited to participate. Medical students (n = 44) underwent an endoscopic skill training workshop consisting of lectures, box training, and live tissue training. The trainees performed multiple tasks before and after training using our objective evaluation system. The primary outcome was assessed before and after training through a questionnaire assessing the influence of training on students’ interest in surgery as a career. The secondary outcome measured improvement in skill acquisition, comparing the task completion time pre- and post-workshop. For the primary outcome, descriptive statistics were used to summarize the questionnaire responses, and paired t-tests were performed to determine significant changes in interest levels post-workshop. For the secondary outcome, paired t-tests were used to compare the time recorded pre- and post-training.

Results

Post-training, participants exhibited significant proficiency gains, with task completion times reducing notably: 97 s (p = 0.0015) for Precision Beads Placement, 88.5 s (p < 0.0001) for Beads Transfer Exercise, 95 s (p < 0.0001) for Precision Balloon Cutting, and 137.8 s (p < 0.0001) for Intracorporeal Suture. The primary outcome showcased an increased mean score from 8.15 pre-workshop to 9.3 post-workshop, indicating a bolstered interest in surgery as a career. Additionally, post-training sentiment analysis underscored a predominant inclination toward surgery among 88% of participants.

Conclusion

The custom-designed laparoscopic workshop significantly improved technical skills and positively influenced students’ career aspirations toward surgery. Such hands-on training workshops can play a crucial role in medical education, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical skills and potentially shaping the future of budding medical professionals.
The impact of evidence-based nursing leadership in healthcare settings: a mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Välimäki Maritta , Hu Shuang , Lantta Tella , Hipp Kirsi , Varpula Jaakko , Chen Jiarui , Liu Gaoming , Tang Yao , Chen Wenjun , Li Xianhong
Published: July 2024

Background

The central component in impactful healthcare decisions is evidence. Understanding how nurse leaders use evidence in their own managerial decision making is still limited. This mixed methods systematic review aimed to examine how evidence is used to solve leadership problems and to describe the measured and perceived effects of evidence-based leadership on nurse leaders and their performance, organizational, and clinical outcomes.

Methods

We included articles using any type of research design. We referred nurses, nurse managers or other nursing staff working in a healthcare context when they attempt to influence the behavior of individuals or a group in an organization using an evidence-based approach. Seven databases were searched until 11 November 2021. JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-experimental studies, JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series, Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool were used to evaluate the Risk of bias in quasi-experimental studies, case series, mixed methods studies, respectively. The JBI approach to mixed methods systematic reviews was followed, and a parallel-results convergent approach to synthesis and integration was adopted.

Results

Thirty-one publications were eligible for the analysis: case series (n = 27), mixed methods studies (n = 3) and quasi-experimental studies (n = 1). All studies were included regardless of methodological quality. Leadership problems were related to the implementation of knowledge into practice, the quality of nursing care and the resource availability. Organizational data was used in 27 studies to understand leadership problems, scientific evidence from literature was sought in 26 studies, and stakeholders’ views were explored in 24 studies. Perceived and measured effects of evidence-based leadership focused on nurses’ performance, organizational outcomes, and clinical outcomes. Economic data were not available.

Conclusions

This is the first systematic review to examine how evidence is used to solve leadership problems and to describe its measured and perceived effects from different sites. Although a variety of perceptions and effects were identified on nurses’ performance as well as on organizational and clinical outcomes, available knowledge concerning evidence-based leadership is currently insufficient. Therefore, more high-quality research and clinical trial designs are still needed.

Trail registration

The study was registered (PROSPERO CRD42021259624).
Prediction of chromosomal abnormalities in the screening of the first trimester of pregnancy using machine learning methods: a study protocol
Authors: Shaban Mahla , Mollazadeh Sanaz , Eslami Saeid , Tara Fatemeh , Sharif Samaneh , Arghavanian Fatemeh Erfanian
Published: July 2024

Background

For women in the first trimester, amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling is recommended for screening. Machine learning has shown increased accuracy over time and finds numerous applications in enhancing decision-making, patient care, and service quality in nursing and midwifery. This study aims to develop an optimal learning model utilizing machine learning techniques, particularly neural networks, to predict chromosomal abnormalities and evaluate their predictive efficacy.

Methods/ design

This cross-sectional study will be conducted in midwifery clinics in Mashhad, Iran in 2024. The data will be collected from 350 pregnant women in the high-risk group who underwent screening tests in the first trimester (between 11-14 weeks) of pregnancy. Information collected includes maternal age, BMI, smoking habits, history of trisomy 21 and other chromosomal disorders, CRL and NT levels, PAPP-A and B-HCG levels, presence of insulin-dependent diabetes, and whether the pregnancy resulted from IVF. The study follows up with the women during their clinic visits and tracks the results of amniocentesis. Sampling is based on Convenience Sampling, and data is gathered using a checklist of characteristics and screening/amniocentesis results. After preprocessing, feature extraction is conducted to identify and predict relevant features. The model is trained and evaluated using K-fold cross-validation.

Discussion

There is a growing interest in utilizing artificial intelligence methods, like machine learning and deep learning, in nursing and midwifery. This underscores the critical necessity for nurses and midwives to be well-versed in artificial intelligence methods and their healthcare applications. It can be beneficial to develop a machine learning model, specifically focusing on neural networks, for predicting chromosomal abnormalities.

Ethical code

IR.MUMS.NURSE.REC. 1402.134
Establishment of a promising vitiligo mouse model for pathogenesis and treatment studies
Authors: Fan Ruirui , Gao Jie
Published: July 2024

Aims

Vitiligo is a chronic dermatological condition characterized by the progressive loss of melanocytes, for which traditional therapy has shown limited efficacy. This study aimed to establish a vitiligo model with easy operability, high repeatability, and stable depigmentation to provide a foundation for studying the pathogenesis and developing novel therapies for vitiligo.

Methods

(1) Establishing vitiligo model: Firstly, deliver B16F10 cells to the back skin of C57BL/6 J via intradermal injection (day 0), and the CD4 depletion antibody was injected intraperitoneally on day 4 and 10. Secondly, the melanoma was surgically removed on day 12. Thirdly, CD8 antibody was administered intraperitoneally every fourth day till day 30. (2) Identification of vitiligo model: H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the melanocytes. The melanin was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Lillie ferrous sulfate staining and L-DOPA staining.

Results

(1) The back skin and hair began to appear white on day 30. Melanin loss reached peak on day 60; (2) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed melanocytes were reduced. L-DOPA staining, Lillie ferrous sulfate staining and TEM results showed that melanin decreased in the epidermis.

Conclusion

We successfully establishment a vitiligo mouse model which can be more capable to simulate the pathogenesis of human vitiligo and provide an important basis for the study of pathogenesis and therapy of vitiligo.
Successful open surgical treatment for persistent type II endoleak following thoracic endovascular aortic repair: a case report
Authors: Lee June , Kim Do Yeon , Lim Hyun Ah , Hong Seok Beom , Kim Yong Han , Kim Hwan Wook
Published: July 2024

Background

The occurrence of type II endoleaks after endovascular repair of aortic aneurysm has gradually gained increasing attention. We present a case of a patient with an expanding aneurysm after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for a type II endoleak, in which successful direct ligations of the intercostal artery were performed using a sac incision without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or graft replacement.

Case presentation

A 62-year-old male patient, previously treated with TEVAR for a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm, presented with ongoing chest discomfort. Based on the diagnosis of a growing aneurysm and type II endoleak, the patient was prepared for CPB and aortic cross-clamping, as a precautions against the possibility of a type I endoleak. A longitudinal opening of the thoracic aortic aneurysm sac was performed following left thoracotomy. Visual confirmation identified the T5 level intercostal artery as the source of the endoleak, and after confirming the absence of a type I endoleak, multiple ligations were applied to the intercostal artery. Follow-up computed tomography confirmed the absence of endoleaks or sac growth.

Conclusion

In a case involving TEVAR for a thoracic aortic aneurysm, open suture ligations were used to treat type II endoleaks without having to resort to CPB, resulting in successful outcomes.
Two Japanese families with familial pancreatic cancer with suspected pathogenic variants of CDKN2A: a case report
Authors: Kiyozumi Yoshimi , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Todaka Akiko , Ashida Ryo , Nishimura Seiichiro , Kado Nobuhiro , Higashigawa Satomi , Harada Rina , Ishihara Eiko , Horiuchi Yasue , Honda Goichi , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Serizawa Masakuni , Urakami Kenichi
Published: July 2024

Background

Germline mutations in CDKN2A result in Familial Atypical Multiple Mole Melanoma Syndrome (FAMMM) (OMIM #155,601), which is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and melanoma. FAMMM has been reported globally, but it is quite rare in Japan. We report two families with familial pancreatic cancer with suspected pathogenic variants of CDKN2A that were incidentally identified through comprehensive genomic profiling.

Case presentation

The first case is a 74-year-old woman with a diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma with multiple liver metastases. She had family histories of pancreatic cancer, but no personal or family history of malignant melanoma. Whole exon sequencing detected a germline CDKN2A variant evaluated as likely pathogenic. The results were disclosed to her daughters after she died, and the same CDKN2A variant was detected in one of the daughter. The daughter was referred to a nearby hospital for her clinical management. The second case is a 65-year-old man with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. He had family histories of pancreatic cancer, but no personal or family history of malignant melanoma. He underwent a comprehensive genomic profiling test using pancreatic cancer tissue, and detected a presumed germline pathogenic variant of CDKN2A. Germline testing confirmed the same CDKN2A variant. Genetic analysis of his relatives produced negative results. Other blood relatives are scheduled for genetic analysis in the future. We report two families with familial pancreatic cancer with suspected pathogenic variants of CDKN2A that were incidentally identified through comprehensive genomic profiling.

Conclusions

In current Japanese precision medicine, comprehensive genetic analysis can reveal rare genetic syndromes and offer us the opportunity to provide health management for patients and their relatives. However, gene-specific issues are raised in terms of the evaluation of a variant’s pathogenicity and the extent of surveillance of the at-risk organs due to a lack of genetic and clinical data concerning CDKN2A variant carriers in Japan.
Engaging Mood Brain Circuits with Psilocybin (EMBRACE): a study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled and delayed-start, neuroimaging trial in depression
Authors: Poulin Joshua M. , Bigford Gregory E. , Lanctôt Krista L. , Giacobbe Peter , Schaffer Ayal , Sinyor Mark , Rabin Jennifer S. , Masellis Mario , Singnurkar Amit , Pople Christopher B. , Lipsman Nir , Husain Muhammad I. , Rosenblat Joshua D. , Cao Xingshan , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Nestor Sean M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide across domains of health and cognition, affecting overall quality of life. Approximately one third of individuals with depression do not fully respond to treatments (e.g., conventional antidepressants, psychotherapy) and alternative strategies are needed. Recent early phase trials suggest psilocybin may be a safe and efficacious intervention with rapid-acting antidepressant properties. Psilocybin is thought to exert therapeutic benefits by altering brain network connectivity and inducing neuroplastic changes that endure for weeks post-treatment. Although early clinical results are encouraging, psilocybin’s acute neurobiological effects on neuroplasticity have not been fully investigated. We aim to examine for the first time how psilocybin acutely (intraday) and subacutely (weeks) alters functional brain networks implicated in depression.

Methods

Fifty participants diagnosed with MDD or persistent depressive disorder (PDD) will be recruited from a tertiary mood disorders clinic and undergo 1:1 randomization into either an experimental or control arm. Participants will be given either 25 mg psilocybin or 25 mg microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) placebo for the first treatment. Three weeks later, those in the control arm will transition to receiving 25 mg psilocybin. We will investigate whether treatments are associated with changes in arterial spin labelling and blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast neuroimaging assessments at acute and subacute timepoints. Primary outcomes include testing whether psilocybin demonstrates acute changes in (1) cerebral blood flow and (2) functional brain activity in networks associated with mood regulation and depression when compared to placebo, along with changes in MADRS score over time compared to placebo. Secondary outcomes include changes across complementary clinical psychiatric, cognitive, and functional scales from baseline to final follow-up. Serum peripheral neurotrophic and inflammatory biomarkers will be collected at baseline and follow-up to examine relationships with clinical response, and neuroimaging measures.

Discussion

This study will investigate the acute and additive subacute neuroplastic effects of psilocybin on brain networks affected by depression using advanced serial neuroimaging methods. Results will improve our understanding of psilocybin’s antidepressant mechanisms versus placebo response and whether biological measures of brain function can provide early predictors of treatment response.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06072898. Registered on 6 October 2023.
Prolonged water-only fasting in the management of low-grade follicular lymphoma: a case series
Authors: Gabriel Sahmla , Myers Toshia R. , Thompson Natasha , Goldhamer Alan C.
Published: July 2024

Background

Follicular lymphoma typically follows an indolent and relapsing course often requiring several treatment cycles to achieve remission. Some patients opt to use complementary and alternative therapies particularly when observation is a treatment option.

Case presentation

Here we present a case series of three patients, a 50-year-old, White, Hispanic female, 56-year-old, White, non-Hispanic male, and 49-year-old, White, non-Hispanic male, who elected to undergo one or more prolonged water-only fasting and refeeding interventions to manage low to intermediate grade follicular lymphoma. Fasting was well tolerated in each patient. Each patient also experienced a reduction in the size and avidity of hypermetabolic lymph nodes as independently determined by their respective oncologists.

Conclusion

The reported cases demonstrate positive outcomes in low-grade follicular lymphoma coinciding with prolonged water-only fasting and exclusively whole-plant-food dietary interventions. These findings highlight the potential of such interventions and warrant further exploration through preliminary observational research.
Preclinical evaluation of [18F]FP-CIT, the radiotracer targeting dopamine transporter for diagnosing Parkinson’s disease: pharmacokinetic and efficacy analysis
Authors: Ahn Jae Hun , Kim Min Hwan , Lee Kyongkyu , Oh Keumrok , Lim Hyunwoo , Kil Hee Seup , Kwon Soon Jeong , Choi Jae Yong , Chi Dae Yoon , Lee Yong Jin
Published: July 2024

Background

N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (FP-CIT), the representative cocaine derivative used in dopamine transporter imaging, is a promising biomarker, as it reflects the severity of Parkinson’s disease (PD). 123I- and 18F-labeled FP-CIT has been used for PD diagnosis. However, preclinical studies evaluating [18F]FP-CIT as a potential diagnostic biomarker are scarce. Among translational research advancements from bench to bedside, translating preclinical findings into clinical practice is one-directional. The aim of this study is to employ a circular approach, beginning back from the preclinical stage, progressing to the supplementation of [18F]FP-CIT, and subsequently returning to clinical application. We investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of [18F]FP-CIT and its efficacy for PD diagnosis using murine models.

Results

Biodistribution, metabolite and excretion analyses were performed in mice and PD models were induced in rats using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The targeting efficiency of [18F]FP-CIT for the dopamine receptor was assessed through animal PET/CT imaging. Subsequently, correlation analysis was conducted between animal PET/CT imaging results and immunohistochemistry (IHC) targeting tyrosine hydroxylase. Rapid circulation was confirmed after [18F]FP-CIT injection. [18F]FP-CIT reached the highest uptake of 23.50 ± 12.46%ID/g in the striatum 1 min after injection, and it was rapidly excreted within 60 min. The major metabolic organs of [18F]FP-CIT were confirmed to be the intestines, liver, and kidneys. Its uptake in the intestine was approximately 5% ID/g. The uptake in the liver gradually increased, with excretion beginning after reaching a maximum after 60 min. The kidneys exhibited rapid elimination after 10 min. In the excretion study, rapid elimination was verified, with 21.46 ± 9.53% of the compound excreted within a 6 h period. Additionally, the efficacy of [18F]FP-CIT PET was demonstrated in the PD model, with a high correlation with IHC for both the absolute value (R = 0.803, p = 0.0017) and the ratio value (R = 0.973, p = 0.0011).

Conclusions

This study fills the gap regarding insufficient preclinical studies on [18F]FP-CIT, including its ADME, metabolites, and efficiency. The pharmacological results, including accurate diagnosis, rapid circulation, and [18F]FP-CIT excretion, provide complementary evidence that [18F]FP-CIT can be used safely and efficiently to diagnose PD in clinics, although it is already used in clinics.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support
Authors: de Roux Quentin , Disli Yekcan , Bougouin Wulfran , Renaudier Marie , Jendoubi Ali , Merle Jean-Claude , Delage Mathilde , Picard Lucile , Sayagh Faiza , Cherait Chamsedine , Folliguet Thierry , Quesnel Christophe , Becq Aymeric , Mongardon Nicolas
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Patients on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) support are at a high risk of hemorrhagic complications, including upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and impact of this complication in V-A ECMO patients.

Materials and methods

A retrospective single-center study (2013–2017) was conducted on V-A ECMO patients, excluding those who died within 24 h. All patients with suspected UGIB underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and were analyzed and compared to the remainder of the cohort, from the initiation of ECMO until 5 days after explantation.

Results

A total of 150 V-A ECMO cases (65 after cardiac surgery and 85 due to medical etiology) were included. 90% of the patients received prophylactic proton pump inhibitor therapy and enteral nutrition. Thirty-one patients underwent EGD for suspected UGIB, with 16 confirmed cases of UGIB. The incidence was 10.7%, with a median occurrence at 10 [7–17] days. There were no significant differences in clinical or biological characteristics on the day of EGD. However, patients with UGIB had significant increases in packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma needs, mechanical ventilation duration and V-A ECMO duration, as well as in length of intensive care unit and hospital stays. There was no significant difference in mortality. The only independent risk factor of UGIB was a history of peptic ulcer (OR = 7.32; 95% CI [1.07–50.01], p = 0.042).

Conclusion

UGIB occurred in at least 1 out of 10 cases of V-A ECMO patients, with significant consequences on healthcare resources. Enteral nutrition and proton pump inhibitor prophylaxis did not appear to protect V-A ECMO patients. Further studies should assess their real benefits in these patients with high risk of hemorrhage.
On generalized $(k,\psi )$-Hilfer proportional fractional operator and its applications to the higher-order Cauchy problem
Authors: Sudsutad Weerawat , Kongson Jutarat , Thaiprayoon Chatthai
Published: July 2024

In this work, we introduce a novel idea of generalized $({{k}},\psi )$
(
k
,
ψ
)
-Hilfer proportional fractional operators. The proposed operator combines the $({{k}},\psi )$
(
k
,
ψ
)
-Riemann–Liouville and $({{k}},\psi )$
(
k
,
ψ
)
-Caputo proportional fractional operators. Some properties and auxiliary results of the proposed operators are investigated. The ψ-Laplace transform and its properties of the proposed operators are established and utilized to solve Cauchy-type problems. Furthermore, the uniqueness result for a higher-order initial value problem under $({{k}},\psi )$
(
k
,
ψ
)
-Hilfer proportional fractional operators is proved by using Picard’s iterative technique. At the end, examples are provided to present the theoretical results. This new type of proposed operator can help other researchers who are still working on real-world problems.
Structural Performance of Ferrocement Hollow Shear Walls Subjected to Lateral and Compressive Axial Loads
Authors: Shaheen Yousry B. , Eltaly Boshra A. , Khairy Samar , Fayed Sabry
Published: July 2024

In this study, ten shear walls were experimentally tested to examine behaviour of ferrocement hollow shear walls subjected to axial and lateral loads. Ferrocement mortar (FM) was used to build eight walls, while normal concrete (NC) was used to build two controls. Walls were lateral reinforced using conventional stirrups, two layers of welded wire mesh (WWM), and expanded steel mesh (ESM). Two specimens lacked lateral reinforcement except for one transverse web in the center of the inner hole. Two symmetric groups of five walls each were created by dividing the walls. While the other group was loaded laterally, one group was loaded axially. In each group, the load–displacement relationship, maximum load and associated displacement, stiffness, ductility, and failure mechanism of FM and NC walls were compared. The results showed that FM walls provided with ESM and WWM had ultimate axial loads that were, respectively, 36% and 19% higher than NC control walls. Ultimate lateral loads and related ultimate drifts of FM walls reinforced with two layers of WWM and ESM were, respectively, 68% and 39%, 96% and 43.5%, larger than control NC wall. For lateral loads greater than those applied to the NC control wall, stiffness increase ratios for FM walls ranged from 2.5% to 89.5%, and for axial loads, they ranged from 20% to 150.5%. The ductility of FM walls increased when compared to NC walls by 58.5% and 158.8% for axial and lateral loading, respectively, when two layers of WWM were utilized to lateral reinforce FM walls. When two layers of ESM were applied to laterally reinforce FM walls in comparison to an NC wall, this increased the walls' ductility under axial and lateral loads by 110.5% and 214.7%, respectively.
Corrosion mechanisms for lead-glazed pottery from Qibi Ming Tomb of the Tang Dynasty in Xianyang, China
Authors: Li Yanli , Liu Panpan , Luo Yujia , Ge Mantang , Xing Huiping , Li Yuhu
Published: July 2024

Six corroded glazed pottery figurines, which excavated from the Qibi Ming Tomb of the Tang Dynasty in Xianyang, were selected to study the corrosion mechanism. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDS), Energy X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDX), and micro-Raman spectroscopy were applied to analyze the pristine composition of the glaze layer and pottery substrate, the composition and microstructure of corrosion products. The results indicate that lead-glazed pottery figurines are low-temperature PbO-CaO-SiO2 glaze, with Pb as the main flux, and Cu, Fe as the main colorant. The corrosion products include PbCO3, CaCO3, PbCO3·PbCl2, PbCl2, PbO2, and Si-rich layer. There are Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus sclerotiorum on the surface of glazed pottery. These microorganisms produce organic acids and mold spots on the surface of the pottery figurines, which in turn cause corrosion pits to form on the surface of the figurines. Chemical corrosion reactions mainly include dissolution–precipitation, combination reaction, and oxidation reaction. This article describes the corrosion process of lead-glazed pottery figurines and establishes corresponding corrosion models. This study provides new insights into the corrosion mechanism of lead-glazed pottery, which is of great significance for studying pottery corrosion.
Cervical vertebral and spinal cord injuries in rollover occupants
Authors: Al-Salehi Loay , Kroeker Shannon G. , Kerrigan Jason R. , Cripton Peter A. , Panzer Matthew B. , Siegmund Gunter P.
Published: July 2024

Background

Rollover crashes continue to be a substantial public health issue in North America. Previous research has shown that the cervical spine is the most injured spine segment in rollovers, but much of the past research has focused on risk factors rather than the actual cervical spine injuries. We sought to examine how different types of cervical spine injuries (vertebral and/or cord injury) vary with different occupant-related factors in rollovers and to compare these with non-rollovers.

Methods

We obtained crash and injury information from the National Automotive Sampling System–Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) for 2005–2015 and Crash Investigation Sampling System (CISS) for 2017–2022. Based on weighted data, we calculated relative risks to assess how occupant sex, seat belt use, ejection status, and fatal outcome relate to the rate of different cervical spine injuries in rollovers and non-rollovers.

Results

In NASS-CDS occupants with cervical spine injuries (N = 111,040 weighted cases), about 91.5% experienced at least one vertebral injury whereas only 11.3% experienced a spinal cord injury (most of which had a concomitant vertebral fracture). All types of cervical spine injuries we examined were 3.4–5.2 times more likely to occur in rollovers compared to non-rollovers. These relative risks were similar for both sexes, belted and unbelted, non-ejected, and non-fatal occupants. The number of weighted CISS occupants with cervical spine injuries (N = 42,003) was smaller than in the NASS analysis, but cervical spine injuries remained 6.25 to 6.36 times more likely in rollovers compared to non-rollovers despite a more modern vehicle fleet.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the continued need for rollover-specific safety countermeasures, especially those focused on cervical spine injury prevention, and elucidate the frequency, severity and other characteristics of the specific vertebral and spinal cord injuries being sustained in rollovers. Our findings suggest that countermeasures focused on preventing cervical vertebral fractures will also effectively prevent most cervical spinal cord injuries.
Cognition trajectory in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Tony Abeer A. , Abdelrashid Sara , Ahmed Hoda S. , Khodair Mohamed Rizk
Published: July 2024

Background

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease brought on by genetic changes that alter the dystrophin (DYS) protein. There has been growing evidence that children with DMD have been at higher risk of developing symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders. We aimed at defining the cognitive difficulties and their categories in patients with DMD, compared to healthy controls, and assessing their relation with the functional severity. This work was a multi-center, observational, case–control study conducted on DMD patients. Age and sex-matched healthy subjects with no neurologic, psychiatric, or medical comorbidities were included as normal controls.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference in cognitive patterns between the studied groups. We have observed a significant relationship between cognitive difficulties and functional severity assessment in our patients. There was a statistically significant difference between the studied cases regarding basic characteristics and correlation between cognitive functions and demographic data.

Conclusions

The decline in cognitive functions in DMD patients compared to healthy controls was established. Education was the most affected domain in patients, with more speech delay and dropping out of school. Therefore, it was recommended to establish cognitive screening as a routine in the evaluation and follow-up of DMD children.
Application of energy combined thermal comfort in intelligent building management in complex environments
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu
Published: July 2024

The efficient operation of heating ventilation and air conditioning systems relies on advanced control strategies. However, current control methods are often limited by issues such as uncertain system parameter information and spatial coupling constraints related to the supply rate of the air supply fan. To this end, an energy joint thermal comfort management method for complex environments in multiple regions is proposed. The long-term total cost minimization of the system is established, and then the Lyapunov optimization technology is used to design the distributed control algorithm. Simulation validation shows that the proposed method reduces the energy cost by an average of 11.24% compared to other methods with a thermal discomfort cost coefficient of 0. The average temperature deviation in the area is improved by 0.15 °C and 0.68 °C, respectively. The method saves more than 10% of the total energy cost under different thermal perturbations with an average total temperature deviation of 0.04 °C. The results indicate that the proposed energy joint thermal comfort management method can flexibly balance energy costs and user thermal comfort without knowing any prior information of system parameters, which can also greatly protect user privacy information. This method has application value in the control of heating ventilation and air conditioning systems in complex environments such as commercial buildings.