bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Private and Externality Costs and Benefits of Recycling Crystalline Silicon (c-Si) Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: Markert Elizabeth , Celik Ilke , Apul Defne
Published: July 2020

With solar photovoltaics (PV) playing an increasing role in our global energy market, it is now timely and critical to understand the end of life management of the solar panels. Recycling the panels can be an important pathway, possibly recovering a considerable amount of materials and adding economic benefits from currently installed solar panels. Yet, to date, the costs and benefits of recycling, especially when externality costs resulting from environmental pollution are considered, are largely unknown. In this study, we quantified the private and externality costs and benefits of recycling crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV panels. We found that the private cost of end-of-life (EoL) management of the c-Si PV module is USD 6.7/m2 and much of this cost is from transporting (USD 3.3/m2) and landfilling (USD 3.1/m2), while the actual recycling process (the cost of consumed materials, electricity or the investment for the recycling facilities) is very small (USD 0.3/m2). We found that the external cost of PV EoL management is very similar to the private cost (USD 5.2/m2). Unlike the breakdown of the private costs, much of the externality costs (USD 4.08/m2) come from the recycling process, which suggests that more environmentally friendly methods (e.g., recycling methods that involve fewer toxic chemicals, acids, etc.) should be preferred. We estimated that the total economic value of the recycled materials from c-Si PV waste is USD 13.6/m2. This means that when externality costs are not considered, the net benefit of recycling is USD 6.7; when the externality cost of recycling is considered, there is still a net benefit of USD 1.19 per m2.
Unsteady Natural Convection in a Cylindrical Containment Vessel (CIGMA) With External Wall Cooling: Numerical CFD Simulation
Authors: Hamdani Ari , Abe Satoshi , Ishigaki Masahiro , Sibamoto Yasuteru , Yonomoto Taisuke
Published: July 2020

In the case of a severe accident, natural convection plays an important role in the atmosphere mixing of nuclear reactor containments. In this case, the natural convection might not in the steady-state condition. Hence, instead of steady-state simulation, the transient simulation should be performed to understand natural convection in the accident scenario within a nuclear reactor containment. The present study, therefore, was aimed at the transient 3-D numerical simulations of natural convection of air around a cylindrical containment with unsteady thermal boundary conditions (BCs) at the vessel wall. For this purpose, the experiment series was done in the CIGMA facility at Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The upper vessel or both the upper vessel and the middle jacket was cooled by subcooled water, while the lower vessel was thermally insulated. A 3-D model was simulated with OpenFOAM®, applying the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (URANS) model. Different turbulence models were studied, such as the standard k-ε, standard k-ω, k-ω shear stress transport (SST), and low-Reynolds-k-ε Launder–Sharma. The results of the four turbulence models were compared versus the results of experimental data. The k-ω SST showed a better prediction compared to other turbulence models. Additionally, the accuracy of the predicted temperature and pressure were improved when the heat conduction on the internal structure, i.e., flat bar, was considered in the simulation. Otherwise, the predictions on both temperature and pressure were underestimated compared with the experimental results. Hence, the conjugate heat transfer in the internal structure inside the containment vessel must be modeled accurately.
Numerical Simulation of the Flow and Heat Transfer in an Electric Steel Tempering Furnace
Authors: Palacio-Caro Iván D. , Alvarado-Torres Pedro N. , Cardona-Sepúlveda Luis F.
Published: July 2020

Heat treatments, such as steel tempering, are temperature-controlled processes. It allows ferrous steel to stabilize its structure after the heat treatment and quenching stages. The tempering temperature also determines the hardness of the steel, preferably to its optimum working strength. In a tempering furnace, a heat-resistant fan is commonly employed to generate moderate gas circulation to obtain adequate temperature homogeneity and heat transfer. Nevertheless, there is a tradeoff because the overall thermal efficiency is expected to reduce because of the high rotating speed of the fan. Therefore, this study numerically investigates the thermal efficiency changes of an electric tempering furnace due to changes in the rotating speed of the fan and the effects on temperature homogeneity and the heat transfer rate to the load. Heat losses through the walls were calculated from the external temperature measurement of the furnace. Four different speeds were simulated: 720, 990, 1350, and 1800 rpm. Thermal homogeneity was improved at higher rotating speeds; this is because the recirculation zone caused by the fan improved the flow mixing and the heat transfer. However, it was found that the thermal efficiency of the tempering furnace decreased as the rotating speed values increased. Therefore, these characteristics should be modulated to obtain a profit when controlling the rotating speed. For example, although thermal efficiency decreases by 20% when the rotating speed is doubled, the heat transfer rate to load is increased by up to 50%, which can be beneficial in decreasing the process of tempering times.
The Talent Development Pathway for Elite Basketball Players in China
Authors: Bonal José , Jiménez Sergio Lorenzo , Lorenzo Alberto
Published: July 2020

A large portion of previous sport talent development research has been conducted using Western countries study subjects such as Canadian, Swedish, Spanish, British, or American athletes. However, the factors that affect oriental culture athletes remain an unexplored field. The aims of this investigation were to consolidate the exploration of the pilot study that studied the key factors for Chinese elite basketball players’ careers and understand what facts have helped them to achieve the highest sportive level through qualitative research. The pathway to excellence of 11 Chinese elite basketball players were analyzed through a semi-structured interview with different categories such as social context, sport context, tactical factors, or anthropometric factors. Results showed that cultural factors, family tradition, academic studies, coaches, mental strength, training structuration, and international competitions had a great effect and influence in the talent development of Chinese basketball players.
Increase in Video Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions about Their Implementation and Adequate Management
Authors: Jiménez-Rodríguez Diana , Santillán García Azucena , Montoro Robles Jesús , Rodríguez Salvador María del Mar , Muñoz Ronda Francisco José , Arrogante Oscar
Published: July 2020

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, health care modalities such as video consultations have been rapidly developed to provide safe health care and to minimize the risk of spread. The purpose of our study is to explore Spanish healthcare professionals’ perceptions about the implementation of video consultations. Based on the testimonies of 53 professionals, different categories emerged related to the four identified themes: benefits of video consultations (for professionals, patients, and the health system, and compared to phone calls), negative aspects (inherent to new technologies and the risk of a perceived distancing from the professional), difficulties associated with the implementation of video consultations (technological difficulties, lack of technical skills and refusal to use video consultation among professionals and patients), and the need for training (technological, nontechnical, and social-emotional skills, and adaptation of technical skills). Additionally, the interviewees indicated that this new modality of health care may be extended to a broader variety of patients and clinical settings. Therefore, since video consultations are becoming more widespread, it would be advisable for health policies and systems to support this modality of health care, promoting their implementation and guaranteeing their operability, equal access and quality.
Understanding the Problem of Access to Public Health Insurance Schemes among Cross-Border Migrants in Thailand through Systems Thinking
Authors: Kunpeuk Watinee , Teekasap Pard , Kosiyaporn Hathairat , Julchoo Sataporn , Phaiyarom Mathudara , Sinam Pigunkaew , Pudpong Nareerut , Suphanchaimat Rapeepong
Published: July 2020

Thailand has become a popular destination for international migrant workers, particularly from Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar. However, only a fraction of these migrant workers were insured by public health insurance. The objective of this study was to apply systems thinking to explore contextual factors affecting access to public health insurance among cross-border migrants in Thailand. A group model building approach was applied. Participants (n = 20) were encouraged to share ideas about underlying drivers and barriers of migrants’ access to health insurance. The causal loop diagram and stock and flow diagram were synthesised to identify the dynamics of access to migrant health insurance. Results showed that nationality verification is an important mechanism to deal with the precarious citizenship status of undocumented migrants. However, some migrants are still left uninsured. The likely explanations are the semi-voluntary nature of the Health Insurance Card Scheme, administrative delay of the enrollment process, and resistance of some employers to hiring migrants. As a result, findings suggest that effective communication is required to raise acceptance towards insurance among migrants and their employers. A participatory public policy process is needed to create a good balance of migrant policies among diverse authorities.
Forecasting Covid-19 Dynamics in Brazil: A Data Driven Approach
Authors: Pereira Igor Gadelha , Guerin Joris Michel , Silva Júnior Andouglas Gonçalves , Garcia Gabriel Santos , Piscitelli Prisco , Miani Alessandro , Distante Cosimo , Gonçalves Luiz Marcos Garcia
Published: July 2020

The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, a new data driven approach for predicting the Covid-19 pandemic dynamics is introduced. The second contribution consists in reporting and discussing the results that were obtained with this approach for the Brazilian states, with predictions starting as of 4 May 2020. As a preliminary study, we first used an Long Short Term Memory for Data Training-SAE (LSTM-SAE) network model. Although this first approach led to somewhat disappointing results, it served as a good baseline for testing other ANN types. Subsequently, in order to identify relevant countries and regions to be used for training ANN models, we conduct a clustering of the world’s regions where the pandemic is at an advanced stage. This clustering is based on manually engineered features representing a country’s response to the early spread of the pandemic, and the different clusters obtained are used to select the relevant countries for training the models. The final models retained are Modified Auto-Encoder networks, that are trained on these clusters and learn to predict future data for Brazilian states. These predictions are used to estimate important statistics about the disease, such as peaks and number of confirmed cases. Finally, curve fitting is carried out to find the distribution that best fits the outputs of the MAE, and to refine the estimates of the peaks of the pandemic. Predicted numbers reach a total of more than one million infected Brazilians, distributed among the different states, with São Paulo leading with about 150 thousand confirmed cases predicted. The results indicate that the pandemic is still growing in Brazil, with most states peaks of infection estimated in the second half of May 2020. The estimated end of the pandemics (97% of cases reaching an outcome) spread between June and the end of August 2020, depending on the states.
AMPK, Mitochondrial Function, and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Wu Shengnan , Zou Ming-Hui
Published: July 2020

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is in charge of numerous catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways to sustain appropriate intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels in response to energetic and/or cellular stress. In addition to its conventional roles as an intracellular energy switch or fuel gauge, emerging research has shown that AMPK is also a redox sensor and modulator, playing pivotal roles in maintaining cardiovascular processes and inhibiting disease progression. Pharmacological reagents, including statins, metformin, berberine, polyphenol, and resveratrol, all of which are widely used therapeutics for cardiovascular disorders, appear to deliver their protective/therapeutic effects partially via AMPK signaling modulation. The functions of AMPK during health and disease are far from clear. Accumulating studies have demonstrated crosstalk between AMPK and mitochondria, such as AMPK regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction causing abnormal AMPK activity. In this review, we begin with the description of AMPK structure and regulation, and then focus on the recent advances toward understanding how mitochondrial dysfunction controls AMPK and how AMPK, as a central mediator of the cellular response to energetic stress, maintains mitochondrial homeostasis. Finally, we systemically review how dysfunctional AMPK contributes to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases via the impact on mitochondrial function.
Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Blasiak Janusz , Pawlowska Elzbieta , Chojnacki Jan , Szczepanska Joanna , Chojnacki Cezary , Kaarniranta Kai
Published: July 2020

Zinc supplementation is reported to slow down the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but there is no general consensus on the beneficiary effect on zinc in AMD. As zinc can stimulate autophagy that is declined in AMD, it is rational to assume that it can slow down its progression. As melanosomes are the main reservoir of zinc in the retina, zinc may decrease the number of lipofuscin granules that are substrates for autophagy. The triad zinc–autophagy–AMD could explain some controversies associated with population studies on zinc supplementation in AMD as the effect of zinc on AMD may be modulated by genetic background. This aspect was not determined in many studies regarding zinc in AMD. Zinc deficiency induces several events associated with AMD pathogenesis, including increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the resulting lipofuscinogenesis. The latter requires autophagy, which is impaired. This is a vicious cycle-like reaction that may contribute to AMD progression. Promising results with zinc deficiency and supplementation in AMD patients and animal models, as well as emerging evidence of the importance of autophagy in AMD, are the rationale for future research on the role of autophagy in the role of zinc supplementation in AMD.
Proteomics Reveals that Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase Modulates Cell Architecture and Increases Susceptibility to Stress
Authors: Costanzo Michele , Caterino Marianna , Cevenini Armando , Jung Vincent , Chhuon Cerina , Lipecka Joanna , Fedele Roberta , Guerrera Ida Chiara , Ruoppolo Margherita
Published: July 2020

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a rare inborn error of metabolism caused by deficiency of the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) enzyme. Downstream MUT deficiency, methylmalonic acid accumulates together with toxic metabolites from propionyl-CoA and other compounds upstream of the block in the enzyme pathway. The presentation is with life-threatening acidosis, respiratory distress, brain disturbance, hyperammonemia, and ketosis. Survivors develop poorly understood multi-organ damage, notably to the brain and kidneys. The HEK 293 cell line was engineered by CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out the MUT gene (MUT-KO). Shotgun label-free quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses revealed potential damaging biological processes in MUT-deficient cells. MUT-KO induced alteration of cellular architecture and morphology, and ROS overproduction. We found the alteration of proteins involved in cytoskeleton and cell adhesion organization, cell trafficking, mitochondrial, and oxidative processes, as validated by the regulation of VIM, EXT2, SDC2, FN1, GLUL, and CHD1. Additionally, a cell model of MUT-rescuing was developed in order to control the specificity of MUT-KO effects. Globally, the proteomic landscape of MUT-KO suggests the cell model to have an increased susceptibility to propionate- and H2O2-induced stress through an impairment of the mitochondrial functionality and unbalances in the oxidation-reduction processes.
Caveolae-Associated Protein 3 (Cavin-3) Influences Adipogenesis via TACE-Mediated Pref-1 Shedding
Authors: Park Phil June , Kim Sung Tae
Published: July 2020

Abnormal adipogenesis regulation is accompanied by a variety of metabolic dysfunctions and disorders. Caveolae play an important role in the regulation of fat production, modulated by caveolae-associated proteins (Cavin-1 to 4). Here, we investigated the role of Cavin-3 in lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation, as the regulatory functions and roles of Cavin-3 in adipocytes are unknown. A Cavin-3 knockdown/overexpression stable cell line was established, and adipogenesis-related gene and protein expression changes were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Additionally, confocal immune-fluorescence microscopy was used to verify the intracellular position of the relevant factors. The results showed that Cavin-3 mRNA and protein expression were elevated, along with physiological factors such as lipid droplet formation, during adipogenesis. Cavin-3 silencing resulted in retarded adipocyte differentiation, and its overexpression accelerated this process. Furthermore, Cavin-3 knockdown resulted in decreased expression of adipogenesis-related genes, such as PPAR-γ, FAS, aP2, and Adipoq, whereas preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) was markedly increased during adipocyte maturation. Overall, Cavin-3 influences caveolar stability and modulates the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE)-mediated Pref-1 shedding process in both mouse and human adipocytes. The Cavin-3-dependent shedding mechanism appears to be an important process in adipocyte maturation, providing a potential therapeutic target for obesity-related disorders.
Influence of the Infill Orientation on the Properties of Zirconia Parts Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication
Authors: Cano Santiago , Lube Tanja , Huber Philipp , Gallego Alberto , Naranjo Juan Alfonso , Berges Cristina , Schuschnigg Stephan , Herranz Gemma , Kukla Christian , Holzer Clemens , Gonzalez-Gutierrez Joamin
Published: July 2020

The fused filament fabrication (FFF) of ceramics enables the additive manufacturing of components with complex geometries for many applications like tooling or prototyping. Nevertheless, due to the many factors involved in the process, it is difficult to separate the effect of the different parameters on the final properties of the FFF parts, which hinders the expansion of the technology. In this paper, the effect of the fill pattern used during FFF on the defects and the mechanical properties of zirconia components is evaluated. The zirconia-filled filaments were produced from scratch, characterized by different methods and used in the FFF of bending bars with infill orientations of 0°, ±45° and 90° with respect to the longest dimension of the specimens. Three-point bending tests were conducted on the specimens with the side in contact with the build platform under tensile loads. Next, the defects were identified with cuts in different sections. During the shaping by FFF, pores appeared inside the extruded roads due to binder degradation and or moisture evaporation. The changes in the fill pattern resulted in different types of porosity and defects in the first layer, with the latter leading to earlier fracture of the components. Due to these variations, the specimens with the 0° infill orientation had the lowest porosity and the highest bending strength, followed by the specimens with ±45° infill orientation and finally by those with 90° infill orientation.
Atomistic Simulation of the Strain Driven Phase Transition in Pure Iron Thin Films Containing Twin Boundaries
Authors: Jiang Yunqiang , Wang Binjun , Xu Chun , Zhang Jianguo
Published: July 2020

Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the strain-induced phase transitions in pure body-centered-cubic (bcc) iron (Fe) thin films containing twin boundaries (TBs) with different TB fractions and orientations are studied. Two groups of bcc thin films with different TB-surface orientation relationships are designed. In film group 1, the (112) [ 11 1 ¯ ] TBs are perpendicular to the ( 11 1 ¯ ) free surfaces, while the (112) [ 11 1 ¯ ] TBs are parallel to the free surfaces in film group 2. We vary the TB numbers inserted into the films to study the effect of TB fraction on the phase transition. Biaxial strains are applied to the films to induce the bcc to close packed (cp) phase transition. The critical strain, at which the first phase transition takes place, decreases with the TB fraction increase in film group 1 with a perpendicular TB-surface orientation, while such a relationship is not observed in film group 2 with parallel TB-surface orientation. We focus on the free surface and TB as the nucleation positions of the new phase and the afterward growth. In addition, the dynamics of the phase transition is discussed. This work may help to understand the mechanism of phase transition in nanoscale or surface-dominant systems with pre-existing defects.
Mixing Performance of a Cross-Channel Split-and-Recombine Micro-Mixer Combined with Mixing Cell
Authors: Juraeva Makhsuda , Kang Dong Jin
Published: July 2020

A new cross-channel split-and-recombine (CC-SAR) micro-mixer was proposed, and its performance was demonstrated numerically. A numerical study was carried out over a wide range of volume flow rates from 3.1 μL/min to 826.8 μL/min. The corresponding Reynolds number ranges from 0.3 to 80. The present micro-mixer consists of four mixing units. Each mixing unit is constructed by combining one split-and-recombine (SAR) unit with a mixing cell. The mixing performance was analyzed in terms of the degree of mixing and relative mixing cost. All numerical results show that the present micro-mixer performs better than other micro-mixers based on SARs over a wide range of volume flow rate. The mixing enhancement is realized by a particular motion of vortex flow: the Dean vortex in the circular sub-channel and another vortex inside the mixing cell. The two vortex flows are generated on the different planes perpendicular to each other. They cause the two fluids to change their relative position as the fluids flow into the circular sub-channel of the SAR, eventually promoting violent mixing. High vorticity in the mixing cell elongates the flow interface between two fluids, and promotes mixing in the flow regime of molecular diffusion dominance.
Comparing Four Question Formats in Five Languages for On-Line Consumer Surveys
Authors: Seninde Denis Richard , Chambers Edgar
Published: July 2020

Question formats are critical to the collection of consumer health attitudes, food product characterizations, and perceptions. The information from those surveys provides important insights in the product development process. Four formats based on the same concept have been used for prior studies: Check-All-That-Apply (CATA), Check-All-Statements (CAS), Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA), and Rate-All-Statements (RAS). Data can vary depending on what question format is used in the research, and this can affect the interpretation of the findings and subsequent decisions. This survey protocol compares the four question formats. Using a modified version of the Eating Motivation Survey (EMS) to test consumer eating motivations for five food items, each question format was translated and randomly assigned to respondents (N = 200 per country per format) from Brazil (Portuguese), China (Mandarin Chinese), India (Hindi or English), Spain (Spanish), and the USA (English). The results of this survey should provide more understanding of the differences and similarities in distribution of data for the four scale formats. Also, the translations and findings of this survey can guide marketers, sensory scientists, product developers, dieticians, and nutritionists when designing future consumer studies that will use these question formats.
Sex-Specific Differences in the Gut Microbiome in Response to Dietary Fiber Supplementation in IL-10-Deficient Mice
Authors: Zhang Zhengxiao , Hyun Jae Eun , Thiesen Aducio , Park Heekuk , Hotte Naomi , Watanabe Hikaru , Higashiyama Takanobu , Madsen Karen L.
Published: July 2020

There is growing interest in studying dietary fiber to stimulate microbiome changes that might prevent or alleviate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, dietary fiber effects have shown varying degrees of efficacy, for reasons that are unclear. This study examined whether the effects of isomaltodextrin on gut microbiota and IBD were dependent on dose or host sex, using an Interleukin (IL)-10 deficient murine colitis model. After 12 weeks, colonic IL-12p70 was depressed in male mice receiving high-dose isomaltodextrin supplementation compared to the control group (p = 0.04). Male mice receiving high-dose isomaltodextrin exhibited changes in microbial alpha-diversity, including enhanced richness and evenness (p = 0.01) and limited reduction in the relative abundance of Coprococcus (q = 0.08), compared to the control group. These microbial compositional changes were negatively associated with IL-12p70 levels in the male group (rs ≤ −0.51, q ≤ 0.08). In contrast, female mice receiving isomaltodextrin displayed a reduction in alpha-diversity and Coprococcus abundance and a high level of IL-12p70, as did the control group. Together, these results indicate that isomaltodextrin altered the gut microbial composition linking specific immune-regulatory cytokine responses, while the interactions among fiber, microbiota and immune response were dose dependent and largely sex specific. The results further indicate that interactions between environmental and host factors can affect microbiome manipulation in the host.
Effects of 120 vs. 60 and 90 g/h Carbohydrate Intake during a Trail Marathon on Neuromuscular Function and High Intensity Run Capacity Recovery
Authors: Urdampilleta Aritz , Arribalzaga Soledad , Viribay Aitor , Castañeda-Babarro Arkaitz , Seco-Calvo Jesús , Mielgo-Ayuso Juan
Published: July 2020

Background: Current carbohydrate (CHO) intake recommendations for ultra-trail activities lasting more than 2.5 h is 90 g/h. However, the benefits of ingesting 120 g/h during a mountain marathon in terms of post-exercise muscle damage have been recently demonstrated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of 120 g/h CHO intake with the recommendations (90 g/h) and the usual intake for ultra-endurance athletes (60 g/h) during a mountain marathon on internal exercise load, and post-exercise neuromuscular function and recovery of high intensity run capacity. Methods: Twenty-six elite trail-runners were randomly distributed into three groups: LOW (60 g/h), MED (90 g/h) and HIGH (120 g/h), according to CHO intake during a 4000-m cumulative slope mountain marathon. Runners were measured using the Abalakov Jump test, a maximum a half-squat test and an aerobic power-capacity test at baseline (T1) and 24 h after completing the race (T2). Results: Changes in Abalakov jump time (ABKJT), Abalakov jump height (ABKH), half-squat test 1 repetition maximum (HST1RM) between T1 and T2 showed significant differences by Wilcoxon signed rank test only in LOW and MED (p < 0.05), but not in the HIGH group (p > 0.05). Internal load was significantly lower in the HIGH group (p = 0.017) regarding LOW and MED by Mann Whitney u test. A significantly lower change during the study in ABKJT (p = 0.038), ABKH (p = 0.038) HST1RM (p = 0.041) and in terms of fatigue (p = 0.018) and lactate (p = 0.012) within the aerobic power-capacity test was presented in HIGH relative to LOW and MED. Conclusions: 120 g/h CHO intake during a mountain marathon might limit neuromuscular fatigue and improve recovery of high intensity run capacity 24 h after a physiologically challenging event when compared to 90 g/h and 60 g/h.
Roasting a Pig in Front of a Mosque: How Pork Matters in Pegida’s Anti-Islam Protest in Eindhoven
Authors: van Es Margaretha A.
Published: July 2020

This article provides an analysis of a public protest by the far-right group Pegida-Netherlands, where the participants attempted to demonstratively eat pork near a mosque in Eindhoven on 26 May 2019. This led to fierce responses: hundreds of young Muslim counter-protesters prevented the Pegida supporters from reaching the mosque, shouting insults at them and throwing stones at the police. Based on field notes from the event and a variety of other research material, this article shows how pork becomes a means of provocation in a larger entanglement between people and their perceived intentions, other objects, times and places. Furthermore, the author argues that the clash between protesters and counter-protesters can be seen as a theatrical performance set up by Pegida to share its worldview with a wide audience, and critically analyzes the role of pork in Pegida’s attempt to ‘reclaim Dutch territory’ that has been ‘lost to Islamization’. Last but not least, this article discusses how provocations bring about counter-provocations. As such, this article shows the value of a material approach to the study of conflicts, and critically evaluates Pegida-Netherlands’ official stance of non-violence vis-à-vis the implications of its protest language.
Low Host Abundance and High Temperature Determine Switching from Lytic to Lysogenic Cycles in Planktonic Microbial Communities in a Tropical Sea (Red Sea)
Authors: Abdulrahman Ashy Ruba , Agustí Susana
Published: July 2020

The lytic and lysogenic life cycles of marine phages are influenced by environmental conditions such as solar radiation, temperature, and host abundance. Temperature can regulate phage infection, but its role is difficult to discern in oligotrophic waters where there is typically low host abundance and high temperatures. Here, we study the temporal variability of viral dynamics and the occurrence of lysogeny using mitomycin C in a eutrophic coastal lagoon in the oligotrophic Red Sea, which showed strong seasonality in terms of temperature (22.1–33.3 °C) and large phytoplankton blooms. Viral abundances ranged from 2.2 × 106 to 1.5 × 107 viruses mL−1 and were closely related to chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration. Observed high virus-to-bacterium ratio (VBR) (4–79; 16 ± 4 (SE)) suggests that phages exerted a tight control of their hosts as indicated by the significant decrease in bacterial abundance with increasing virus concentration. Heterotrophic bacterial abundance also showed a significant decrease with increasing temperature. However, viral abundance was not related to temperature changes and the interaction of water temperature, suggesting an indirect effect of temperature on decreased host abundance, which was observed at the end of the summertime. From the estimated burst size (BS), we observed lysogeny (undetectable to 29.1%) at low percentages of 5.0% ± 1.2 (SE) in half of the incubations with mitomycin C, while it increased to 23.9% ± 2.8 (SE) when the host abundance decreased. The results suggest that lytic phages predominate, switching to a moderate proportion of temperate phages when the host abundance reduces.
Using the Hair Removal Laser in the Axillary Region and its Effect on Normal Microbial Flora
Authors: Fazel Zeynab , Majidpour Ali , Behrangi Elham , Fathizadeh Sara , Nokandeh Maryam , Atefi Najmolsadat , Ghassemi Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The axillary hair removal laser is one of the most often used procedures to treat unwanted hairs in that region. Employing this technology can be helpful in decreasing the bromhidrosis. Methods: In the present research, a clinical trial study over the effect of the hair removal laser on normal microbial flora at the axillary region is presented. The intervention group consisted of 30 women referred to the dermatologic clinic for the purpose of removing axillary hair by the alexandrite 755 nm laser and the control group consisted of 30 women referred to the same clinic for any other reasons. Both groups were evaluated for the type of bacterial strains on the first visit and after three and six months. Results: The results showed that the sense of sweat smell improved by about 63% after the last laser session. The frequency of all bacterial strains decreased in the intervention group except Staphylococcus epidermidis which was significant. In the control group, there was no significant decrement in any bacterial strains and even the prevalence of more strains including Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis increased. Counting the mean bacterial colon showed a slight decrement of the bacterial count following the laser. Conclusion: The use of laser radiation, even with the aim of hair removal, can alter the microbial flora, and it can be accompanied by the improvement of the smell of sweat. The effect of the laser on different bacterial strains is quite different, which can depend on the amount of energy, the wavelength, the characteristics of the area under the laser, and also the structural properties of the membrane of the microorganism itself.
Yumuşak Güç Unsuru Olarak Filistin’in Kamu Diplomasisi Faaliyetleri
Authors: KILINÇ Mehmet Can , ERCAN Murat
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışma İsrail tarafından işgallere ve saldırılara maruz kalan Filistin’in uluslararası kamuoyuna sesini duyurabilmesi için son zamanlarda uygulamaya başladığı yumuşak güç unsuru olarak kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerini ele almaktadır. Günümüz uluslararası ilişkiler literatüründe, devletlerin ulusal çıkarlarının ve fırsatlarının savunulması artık iki devlet arasında gerçekleştirilen klasik diplomasi yöntemlerinin çok daha ilerisine geçmiştir. Devletler artık askeri gücün yerine, kamu diplomasisinin yumuşak güç boyutunu harekete geçirerek diğer ülkelerin hükümetleri veya uluslararası kurum, kuruluş ve bölgesel örgütler ile dünya kamuoyundaki vatandaşları etkilemeye yönelik politikalar geliştirmeye başlamıştır. Filistin de İsrail’in saldırılarını uluslararası kamuoyuna duyurmak ve dikkatini çekmek için ilk olarak İntifada hareketlerini başlatmış, İsrail askerlerine ve tanklarına taş ve sopa ile karşılık vermiştir. Bilhassa Filistin değişen diplomasi anlayışının etkisiyle sert güç kullanımı yerine insanların akıllarına ve kalplerine seslenen kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerine daha fazla önem vermeye başlamıştır. Çünkü Filistin halkı kendi toprakları içerisinde zulümlerle karşı karşıya kaldığı için kamu diplomasisi ve yumuşak güç unsurlarını kullanabilmek açısından potansiyeli yüksek bir ülke durumundadır. Filistin yumuşak güç unsurlarını etkin biçimde kullanabilmek amacıyla diğer devletlerle olan siyasi ilişkilerinin yanında toplumlar arasındaki diyalogları da arttırmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Filistin’in artan yumuşak güç etkisini kullanmaya yönelik olarak harekete geçirdiği kültür, eğitim, diaspora, dijital ve askeri kamu diplomasisi politikaları ve çalışmaları ile Filistin halkının kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerine katkıları analiz edilmektedir.
RUSSIAN AND AMERICAN HORROR FICTION AS A GENRE, CREATIVE WRITING AND EDUCATIONAL PHENOMENON: A PROBLEM STATEMENT
Authors: Malykh Vyacheslav Sergeevich
Published: July 2020

Although the genre of horror has gained an extraordinary popularity in contemporary literature, it still raises controversy among specialists. The situation in Russia is especially complicated. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Russian horror fiction used to develop concurrently with the evolution of horror genre in the U.S., but after the revolution of 1917 and until the late 1980s this tradition was interrupted in Russia. Therefore, nowadays the question “What is horror fiction?” is unclear for Russian philologists, the question “How to write horror fiction?” is unclear for Russian writers, and including the horror genre in literature syllabus is regarded by Russian professors and teachers as a forbidden topic. The situation is different in the United States where a long-standing tradition of interpreting the category of the horrible has been created. Modern American scientists, philosophers, writers and educators agree that horror fiction in its best manifestations touches upon essential problems of a human soul. It allows to exert a powerful positive influence on the formation and development of a personality. Throughout the 20th century, the genre of horror was systematically evolving in the U.S., and as of today, it is American horror fiction that sets the standards of the genre all over the world. The aim of this research is to describe horror fiction as a dynamically developing genre from three points of view: 1) through comparative and genre analyzis of horror fiction in the U.S. and Russia; 2) by studying narrative strategies which are used by horror writers in the U.S.; 3) by surveying principles of teaching the horror genre in an American multicultural educational environment. After experiencing decades of oblivion, the genre of horror can revive in Russia thanks to the critical mastering of the U.S. experience, where the genre tradition has never been interrupted. A list of bibliography is attached to help beginner researchers with their study of the subject.
TRANSLATING DRAMA: ANALYSIS OF DAVID EDGAR’S PLAY “ TESTING THE ECHO”
Authors: Borisenko Yulia Aleksandrovna , Makarov Stanislav Sergeevich
Published: July 2020

The article focuses on one of the problems of literary translation - the translation of dramatic texts. The article examines this type of texts in terms of the specificity of the genre and type of literature, their structural and other specific characteristics. Special attention is given to existing approaches to the development of translation strategies in drama. Different approaches to dramatic texts in linguistics and translation studies are analyzed, such as communicative, cultural, and hermeneutic ones. The play of the contemporary British writer David Edgar “Testing the Echo” was selected for a detailed pre-translation analysis, identification and solution of the most significant translation problems. The choice of the play was determined by the presence of complex culture-specific situations (interesting from the point of view of translation), the unusual principle of plot construction, as well as the lack of a translated version of the play. A detailed analysis of the play is preceded by the summary of the plot and some information about the main characters. The paper discusses the most “problematic” extracts from the translation point of view, accounts for translation decisions and lists some of the transformations that had to be resorted to in the process of translating. As a result, a conclusion is made that translation of drama has an interdisciplinary character, involving both theatrical and literary issues. Thus, the most effective strategy of translating drama is a combination of concretization and adaptation.
ON THE ISSUE OF TRANSLATING AUSTRALIAN СULTURE-BOUND LEXEMES INTO RUSSIAN (BASED ON COLLEEN McCULLOUGH’S NOVEL “THE THORN BIRDS”)
Authors: Shutova Nella Maksimovna , Adyeva Guzel Nazifovna
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of transferring Australian сulture-bound lexemes into the Russian language taking the novel by Colleen McCullough “The Thorn Birds” as an example. The comparison of the original and its translation made by Nora Gal made it possible to analyze in detail the semantics of culture-bound lexemes, their stylistic functions in the specific context and the effectiveness of translation techniques employed by the translator. The relevance of the problem discussed is determined by the fact that the problems of translating culturally marked vocabulary are the most difficult problems in literary translation. It is very difficult (and sometimes impossible) to transmit the meaning of such words in full, but the translator should still strive to avoid significant losses in conveying their semantics, stylistic functions and pragmatics. Adequate translation of the considered lexemes, their adaptation to the Russian context are necessary for presenting to the Russian reader a complete panorama of the life in the country described. The purpose of the study was to consider and assess the methods used by the translator for translating culture-bound lexemes in one particular novel. The following methods of analyzing the data were employed: comparative analysis, lexicographic analysis, contextual analysis. The study revealed some losses of culturally significant information, as well as its deformation, i. e. distorted interpretation and unjustified pragmatic adaptation to the host culture. The conducted research allowed to make some conclusions concerning the most optimal ways of presenting Australian culture-bound lexemes in the Russian context, in some cases we offered our own translation solutions
Espaços Públicos de Lazer na Promoção da Qualidade de Vida
Authors: Silva Emília Amélia Pinto Costa da , Silva Priscilla Pinto Costa da , Santos Ana Raquel Mendes dos , Cartaxo Hemília Grabrielly de Oliveira , Rechia Simone , Freitas Clara Maria Silvestre Monteiro de
Published: July 2020

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi revisar na literatura os fatores que estimulam a utilização dos espaços públicos de lazer, com intuito de colaborar na discussão e direcionar os gestores públicos, para que, por meio dos espaços públicos de lazer, os indivíduos possam ter uma melhor qualidade de vida. Efetuou-se uma revisão integrativa através das bases de dados eletrônicas. A busca delimitou-se no período de 2005 a 2010. Os 11 artigos selecionados apontaram que tais estruturas estão associadas à prática de atividade física e relações sociais, oferecendo benefícios de ordem sociocultural e da saúde, proporcionando, uma qualidade de vida aos frequentadores.
Preferências de Atividades de Lazer de um Grupo de Idosas do Extremo Sul do Brasil
Authors: Ricardo Luiza Isnardi Cardoso , Ribeiro José Antônio Bicca , Ferreira Rodrigo Wiltgen , Cavalli Adriana Schüler
Published: July 2020

A população idosa no Brasil está aumentando de forma acentuada. Sendo assim, investigações acerca da complexidade do processo de envelhecimento tornam-se imprescindíveis. O lazer é benéfico à manutenção da saúde, no desenvolvimento biopsicossocial dos idosos, principalmente por estabelecer relações com o meio onde vivem. O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar as preferências de atividades de lazer de idosas participantes do projeto NATI-ESEF-UFPel. Este estudo descritivo de corte transversal foi desenvolvido por meio de um questionário semi-estruturado, aplicado em 191 idosas participantes do projeto. Os resultados apontam que as idosas têm preferência por atividades de lazer que possam ser realizadas em seu domicílio, predominando as atividades artísticas e manuais.
Lazer, Juventude e Álcool
Authors: Brunelli Rodrigo Trevisan , Romera Liana Abrao , Marcellino Nelson Carvalho
Published: July 2020

Objetiva-se, neste artigo, analisar o oferecimento de bebidas alcoólicas em material impresso de festas e eventos voltados para o público jovem. O trabalho foi realizado com a combinação de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, sendo considerados documentos os folders de divulgação de festas dirigidas ao público jovem, foram recolhidos 103 folders de modo aleatório na cidade de Piracicaba SP e região. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os recursos midiáticos utilizam-se dos apelos das imagens e oferecem bebidas alcoólicas como recurso argumentativo, cujo propósito é seduzir os jovens, interferindo nas escolhas de suas vivências de lazer, incorporando estes mundos virtuais de signos, a partir de consumo dos produtos e serviços divulgados. Assim, percebemos que: os espaços ofertados para o lazer dos jovens estão permeados pela lógica capitalista; o lazer é colocado pela sociedade como ocasião de consumo; o espaço para o lazer também é visto como espaço de consumo.
Técnica, Corpo e Arte
Authors: Debortoli José Alfredo Oliveira , Sautchuk Carlos Emanuel
Published: July 2020

A partir de questões geradas por pesquisa etnográfica em andamento acerca das relações entre pessoas, artefatos e movimentos envolvidos na prática do grupo Cia Suspensa, busca-se explorar um arcabouço conceitual apropriado para tratar do tema. Em particular, empreende-se uma apreciação teórico-metodológica que associa a antropologia e o movimento humano. As principais vias acionadas estão em torno de algumas noções de técnica, corpo e arte, expressas particularmente nas proposições de Tim Ingold. Também é empreendida uma aproximação a estudos sobre arte e movimento. Por fim, pontuamos algumas das linhas gerais que tais reflexões sugerem para a pesquisa em curso.
Lazer, Esporte e Turismo
Authors: Figueiredo Silvio Lima , Bahia Mirleide Chaar , Cabral Patrícia Thatyane Miranda , Nóbrega Wilker Ricardo de Medonça , Tavares Auda Edileusa Piani
Published: July 2020

O artigo apresenta as análises da pesquisa realizada em parques e áreas verdes urbanos de uma cidade da Amazônia Brasileira, Belém. A pesquisa teve como objetivo explicitar as representações sobre as áreas verdes da cidade pelos seus usuários, em práticas de esporte e lazer, realizadas por residentes e turistas. Foram entrevistados usuários das áreas verdes, em entrevistas diretivas, porém abertas, e também observações em campo. Foram debatidos os conceitos de esporte-lazer, de áreas verdes e de espaços públicos urbanos, que produziram corpo analítico para os dados coletados. A pesquisa indica a crescente busca por espaços verdes nas cidades, a diversificação das práticas, e as necessidades dos usuários, e debate ainda a relação contraditória entre o meio urbano na Amazônia brasileira e os espaços verdes, percebendo a carência de espaços desse tipo e de políticas públicas para as demandas de seus usuários e de suas práticas.
Pesquisar em Educação Física a partir das perspectivas das Ciências Humanas
Authors: Mendes Maria Isabel Brandão de Souza
Published: July 2020

O objetivo desse estudo foi tecer uma reflexão sobre a pluralidade epistemológica da Educação Física, no sentido de apontar alguns elementos que possam contribuir com o reconhecimento da não hierarquização de saberes e a superação da desvalorização de se pesquisar em Educação Física a partir das perspectivas das ciências humanas. A partir da análise de alguns estudos que dão visibilidade a pluralidade de saberes da Educação Física brasileira, destaco a necessidade de se respeitar as diferentes lógicas de produção do conhecimento na Educação Física brasileira, no sentido de contribuir com a superação da desvalorização de se pesquisar em Educação Física a partir das perspectivas das ciências humanas.