bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault diagnosis and analysis of a 110 kV transformer
Authors: Gao Yong , Wang Jie
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to provide valuable insights and assistance for ensuring the safe operation of a 110 kV main transformer by conducting an in-depth analysis of tap changer breather oil leakage defects. By employing transformer testing, disassembly analysis, and other methods, this study successfully identifies and prevents the possibility of transformer failure. The analysis reveals that the deformation of the transformer winding is caused by insufficient short-circuit resistance, which leads to the deformation of the medium-voltage windings under the continuous action of electrodynamic forces during near-area short-circuit currents. Near-area short-circuits are a significant contributing factor to transformer failures. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance operation and maintenance management for older main transformers and optimize protection settings to reduce the risk of near-area short-circuit failures, thus ensuring the safe and stable operation of the main transformer.
Finite control set model-free predictive current control of permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Zou Xinhong , Yang Kai , Zhang Zhengchang , Wu Di , Zheng Licheng , Gao Yue , Luo Cheng , Xiong Fei , Luo Yixiao
Published: March 2024

This thesis proposes finite control set model-free predictive current control (FCSMFPCC) algorithm of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). To address issue of degraded performance during motor operation due to parameter mismatch, a model-free predictive current control arithmetic is devised, which utilizes ultra-local model (ULM) of PMSM. This proposition takes sum of known and sealed disturbances of the system as an unknown quantity, and uses sliding mode observer (SMO) to take stock of sealed quantity. To address the issue of operation delay in predictive control, a two-step method is used to make up for the system. When using price function to choose the first-rank voltage vector, vector selection optimization link is added, which effectively simplifies the algorithm while optimizing the inverter switching action. The simulation outcomes highlight the advantages of the described control algorithm in terms of better dynamic response performance and stronger robustness.
Modeling and simulation of three-level DC/DC converters of high voltage wide range PI control
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Zuo Dongsheng , Li Yang
Published: March 2024

The three-level DC/DC converter is widely used in various applications, including electric vehicle charging stations, portable power supplies, and photovoltaic power generation. The mathematical models of input voltage, output voltage, and duty cycle of IGBT switch tube are established by analyzing the different operating modes of IGBT switch tube under PWM control. To validate the accuracy of the mathematical models, a simulation model can be built in MATLAB virtual environment, and a proportional-integral (PI) controller can be utilized to implement a hybrid closed-loop control strategy, where the current serves as the inner loop and the voltage as the outer loop. Such a control scheme will help to verify the feasibility of the mathematical models.
Research on transformer fault intelligent diagnosis technology based on improved random forest algorithm
Authors: Zhou Linwei , Xu Ding , Yuan Yining , Wang Lingjia
Published: March 2024

Transformer oil can dissolve a certain amount of gas, which can provide an important basis for transformer fault diagnosis. The relationship between the characteristic amount of dissolved gas in transformers and the type of transformer fault was analyzed, and the main influencing factors were extracted. We studied a transformer fault diagnosis method based on the improved random forest algorithm and combined it with the identification requirements of abnormal data in multiple parts of transformers. We improved the random forest from four aspects: dataset construction, bootstrap sampling, decision tree generation, and multi-node voting. We established an improved random forest diagnosis model with oil chromatogram feature gas ratio as the characteristic parameter and analyzed different input parameter combinations. The effectiveness of improving the random forest diagnosis model under different training times was compared with various machine learning methods. The experimental results show that the diagnostic accuracy of the improved random forest diagnostic model is significantly improved compared to other machine learning methods.
Research on piezoelectric simulation characteristics based on ALN piezoelectric thin film structure
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Wang Jia , Tan Wanqing , Zhang Xinru
Published: March 2024

AlN piezoelectric thin films possess exceptional performance and find extensive applications in the fields of underwater acoustic communication and hydroacoustic sensing. To enhance the output voltage values of AlN piezoelectric thin films and optimize their structure, comprehensive simulations and analyses were carried out by using COMSOL on both circular and square film configurations. These investigations specifically focused on examining the impact of dimensional variations on resonance frequency and output voltage, as well as exploring the relationship between vibration frequency and output voltage. The findings revealed that by employing an appropriate cavity radius, increasing the thickness of the thin film can effectively enhance the output voltage. However, if the thickness surpasses 1.5 μm, the output voltage will gradually decline. Notably, the square film exhibited a significantly higher output voltage measurement of 2158 pm compared to the circular film.
Minimum current stress control strategy for three degree of freedom three-phase dual active bridge DC-DC converter
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Fusheng
Published: March 2024

Compared to single-phase dual active bridge (1p-DAB) DC-DC converters, three-phase dual active bridge (3p-DAB) DC-DC converters have advantages such as high single machine power, high power density, small filtering capacitance, and are more suitable for high-voltage situations. Therefore, they have good application prospects in DC transmission and industrial high-power DC-DC converters. However, under traditional single-phase shift (SPS) control, especially in the low power range, there is a large reactive current and severe soft switch loss. This article adopts an asymmetric modulation strategy for its larger reactive power, which reduces its reactive power in the low power range with more degrees of freedom and improves the efficiency of power transmission. Taking current stress as the optimization objective, the KKT algorithm is used to solve, and the corresponding analytical solution is ultimately obtained. Finally, a simulation is built by using MATLAB software to verify the feasibility of the proposed solution.
Full power range DAB unified ZVS control strategy based on low current RMS
Authors: Zhang Chuanqi , Wang Fusheng , Cheng Weizheng
Published: March 2024

Inductive current RMS and soft switching are important performance indexes of dual active bridge DC-DC converter (DAB). This paper proposes a new optimal control strategy for the soft switching range based on the optimization of the effective value of the inductor current. This control strategy restricts the inductor current during switch action, ensuring a significant extension of the soft switching range across the entire power range, reducing switch losses, and achieving the accurate effective value of current, thereby further enhancing the efficiency of the DAB converter. Meanwhile, a new modulation method is proposed to achieve thermal balance between bridge arms. Finally, a simulation model is built and verified using Matlab.
Research on the multi-parameter-based detection scheme for current transformers
Authors: Zhang Fuzhu , Han Xiao , Liu Yu , Xu Tianshi , Zhao Zishu , Ma Weina
Published: March 2024

Oil-immersed current transformers are commonly used as a type of electrical equipment, but they may experience some faults and defects during actual operation. When detecting these faults and defects, the usual detection object is temperature, which is a single detection quantity and easily leads to misjudgment. This article introduces typical defects in oi-limmersed current transformers, conducts simulation analysis, studies the temperature field changes of current transformers when three typical defects occur, and studies the relationship between temperature and pressure to determine the feasibility of using temperature and pressure as the detection object, to improve the accuracy of detection. The results show that by using temperature and pressure as measurement values of a new detection method, the problem of single measurement parameters that cannot determine the internal condition of the equipment can be solved. By monitoring changes in temperature and pressure in real-time, misjudgment due to external factors can be avoided based on the relationship between temperature and pressure.
An improved soft-switching inverter to eliminate pre-charge current
Authors: Ni Hongquan , Dong Yixiang
Published: March 2024

To address the current stress problem brought on by the auxiliary resonant pole inverter’s pre-charge state, this paper gives an improved auxiliary circuit based on the original inverter. The improved circuit avoids a pre-charge state by adding auxiliary capacitors to form a resonant branch. In contrast to the original inverter, this inverter lowers the current stress on both the auxiliary and primary switches by resolving the pre-charge state’s current stress issue. As a result, the inverter’s losses are decreased, which raises the system’s efficiency. The working principle of this inverter is given in the paper. After a comparison and analysis of the inverter’s pre-charge state, an experiment is used to confirm the device’s viability.
Comparison and analysis of power and torque performance of PMSM with different rotor structures
Authors: Wang Hao , Tian Rixin , Li Changchao , Zhang Zongsheng
Published: March 2024

In this paper, according to the double reaction principle of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the power, torque, and power angle characteristics are derived theoretically. Four motor models of tangential type, radial type, V-type, and U-type PMSM are established by finite element software. The magnetic flux density of the motor is analyzed in detail. At the same time, performance indicators such as efficiency, power factor, and air gap power of permanent magnet synchronous motors were calculated and evaluated, further improving the accuracy and credibility of the research. Based on the comparative study of the analysis results, the advantages and disadvantages of electromagnetic performance corresponding to different rotor structures are obtained, providing the design basis of PMSM.
A method for testing partial discharge characteristics of switch cabinet based on improved particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Yu Hongqi , Huang Hui , Xu Ruibo , Mo Weixin
Published: March 2024

In the current operational environment of the switch cabinet, the presence of mixed-frequency signals poses interference from white noise to partial discharge detection, resulting in suboptimal detection efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, this study explores a method for testing the partial discharge characteristics of switch cabinets based on an improved particle swarm algorithm. This novel approach involves signal processing of partial discharge in a switch cabinet, feature extraction based on the particle swarm algorithm, and feature output for partial discharge detection. Experimental comparisons demonstrate that the new detection method significantly enhances detection efficiency and ensures the accuracy of results, meeting the operational requirements of substations.
A load-side resource aggregation method based on Minkowski Sum
Authors: Xiao Fei , Cui Yong , Zhu Jingkai , Qiao Yining , Li Zhaoyu , Ai Qian
Published: March 2024

In the context of high penetration of renewable energy in new power systems, load-side resources have good regulation potential to improve system flexibility. In order to fully exploit the regulation potential of load-side resources, the power regulation range and regulation cost of load-side resources need to be aggregated first. Based on the establishment of a unified model of the scheduling feasible region of the load-side resources, the computation of the Minkowski sum of the feasible region of the load-side resources is realized through the linear superposition of the maximally inner-approximated feasible region. The decomposition scheme of the instructions of the aggregator and the computation method of the equivalent cost function of the aggregator are proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed aggregation method is verified by arithmetic simulation.
Simulation characterization of measurement errors of the wide-range environmentally friendly current transformers
Authors: Zhao Ying , Liu Xueli , Hou Guangdong , Song Ke , Xu Zhongli
Published: March 2024

To accurately measure the hundreds of millions of dollars of electricity consumed, the accuracy, safety, environmental friendliness, and reliability of current transformers become crucial. In response to these problems, there is an urgent need to develop an environmentally friendly current transformer that can adapt to the needs of power systems with wide-range current fluctuations. Therefore, in this paper, the simulation model of a three-phase current transformer with a combined transformer is developed. Simulation and verification work for the relationship between the error characteristics of environmentally friendly current transformers and the influence of magnetic field changes in each phase and the magnitude of the load on the secondary side. We compared the measurement errors before and after active compensation, demonstrating that environmentally friendly current transformers can increase the range and measurement flat frequency range while ensuring their 0.2S class measurement accuracy. This in turn proves the feasibility of wide-range environmentally friendly current transformers.
Research on scenario construction and economic analysis for electric-hydrogen coupling
Authors: Wan Jinming , Kang Jiandong , Liu Zhangli , Yan Huaguang , Li Yang
Published: March 2024

Driven by the “dual carbon” goal and the construction of a New Power System, hydrogen energy as an electric energy storage medium will play an important role and be applied to each link of the power system in the future, showing the development trend as electric-hydrogen coupling. This paper researches 8 typical application scenarios of hydrogen energy throughout the source, grid, and load of a New Power System, describes their composition and characteristics, and calculates economic indicators using the life cycle method, such as the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). At present, the LCOH is high, and the conditions for large-scale promotion have not been met in the short term. The LCOH shows a linear downward trend with the decrease of renewable energy levelized cost or electrolytic cell cost. The LCOH shows a first rapid and then slow downward trend as the efficiency and utilization hours of hydrogen production equipment increase. Generally, when the equipment efficiency exceeds 90% or the utilization hours exceed 19 hours, the improvement of relevant parameters has little impact on the LCOH. With the further improvement of key parameters, hydrogen production-based electricity will have a certain cost competitiveness in the future.
Architecture and design of a remote operation and maintenance master station for power equipment
Authors: Chen Junhong , Zhang Qiran , Zhong Zhaobin , Xia Ruicong , Ye Qing , Chen Tao
Published: March 2024

The study aims to alleviate the pressure of operation and maintenance of primary and secondary power equipment and improve the work efficiency of operation and maintenance personnel. It explores the early elimination of safety hazards in power equipment and hopes to ensure the safe operation of the power grid. This article designs a remote operation and maintenance master station architecture for power equipment, through specialized power operation and maintenance communication protocols and file transmission methods. It summarizes data to the operation and maintenance master station. The data is then analyzed and processed. The operation and maintenance personnel of equipment with safety hazards are promptly notified. Further, the study distinguishes whether faulty equipment needs on-site operation and maintenance through intelligent technology. It provides remote operation and maintenance functions for power equipment. It reduces the number of on-site operations and maintenance personnel. It improves the level of refined management and operation and maintenance capabilities of equipment. The study has a certain reference value for remote operation and maintenance technology of power equipment.
Optimization scheduling of power system under load winter and summer double-peak scenario
Authors: Fu Lei , Zheng Lin , Wu Dingding , Zhang Zaichi , Li Tiange , Hu Zhijian
Published: March 2024

In recent years, due to people’s need for a better life and the impact of extreme weather factors, the annual load curve shows a winter-summer double-peak pattern in summer and winter. In addition, due to the large-scale grid integration of renewable energy sources such as wind power, the uncertainty of its output has further increased the net load during the double-peak scenario, putting the power system under even greater pressure to supply electricity. In this paper, we study the day-ahead hierarchical optimal scheduling model of the power system under the double-peak scenario, considering the pumped-storage flexibility space and the extreme boundary flexibility demand. We simulate and analyze the impacts of different operation modes of the pumped-storage power plant on the scheduling results. The simulation shows that the proposed method can give full play to the effect of pumped storage peak shaving and valley filling and guarantee the reliability of the power supply under the double-peak scenario.
Optimal configuration and power scheduling algorithm of distributed power system with large range power flow transfer
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Tian Guang , Yang Lei , Yang Yang
Published: March 2024

The distributed power system is composed of multiple distributed energy sources, loads and energy storage devices, which have the characteristics of decentralization and complexity. Therefore, a distributed power system optimal allocation and power dispatching algorithm considering large-scale power flow transfer is proposed. Calculate the power flow values of different nodes, and construct an optimization model according to the results to complete power flow transmission. In the inner loop, the current dispatching is set as the objective, and in the outer loop, the voltage dispatching is set as the objective. Distributed power system scheduling is completed by double closed-loop vectors. The experimental results show that the power oscillation amplitude of this method is small and the duration is short.
The data acquisition system for the PANDA Micro-Vertex Detector
Authors: Manzhura O. , Caselle M. , Ardila-Perez L.E. , Calvo D. , Chilingaryan S. , Cossio F. , Dritschler T. , Kopmann A. , Lenta F. , Mazza G. , Peter M. , Sidorenko V. , Staněk P. , Stockmanns T. , Tomášek L. , Tröll N. , Unger K.L. , Zaunick H.-G. , Becker J. , Brinkmann K.-T.
Published: March 2024

The PANDA (antiProton ANnihilation at DArmstadt) experiment will study the strong interaction in annihilation reactions between an antiproton beam and a stationary cluster jet target. The PANDA detector will be composed of several sub-detectors designed for tracking, particle identification and calorimetry. The Micro-Vertex Detector (MVD) is the innermost part of the tracking system surrounding the interaction region, which is designed for precise vertex and tracking detection. It consists of silicon pixel and double-sided microstrip detectors. For the readout of the microstrip sensors an ASIC called ToASt (Torino Asic for Strip readout) is being developed in 0.11 μm CMOS technology at INFN Turin. The ASIC takes advantage of both Time-over-Threshold and Time-of-Arrival methods to accurately measure the event's energy and timestamp. To sustain the acquisition of the microstrip sensors a MDC (Module Data Concentrator) ASIC is under development at KIT. Up to eight ToASt front-ends' data streams are multiplexed, read out and processed by one MDC. The data of several MDCs are collected and processed by the off-detector readout card MMB (MVD Multiplexer Board), also under development at KIT. The processed data is then transferred via 100 GbE optical links to the computing nodes. The ToASt chips have been integrated with the FPGA implementation of the MDC to form the first fully functional detector module. Beam tests have been performed at the COSY facility in Jülich. This paper focuses on the design of MDC ASIC and MMB board, the integration with the ToASt and presents preliminary beam test results.
Radiation test of commercial of the shelf (COTS) optical transceivers in the frame of the beam position monitor (BPM) consolidation project for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
Authors: Barros Marin M. , Boccardi A. , Can Ozdogan S. , Danzeca S. , Ferraro R. , Scialdone A.
Published: March 2024

The consolidation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) beam position monitor (BPM) requires the deployment of about 5000 single-mode radiation-tolerant optical transmitters, working at 10 Gbps during 20 years of operation. While the use of the custom devices being designed at CERN remains the baseline for the project, 8 commercial of the shelf (COTS) optical transceivers have been evaluated as an alternative. This paper presents the results of the full characterization in radiation of these COTS devices, including cumulative effects and single event effects (SEE), evaluated during both data transmission and reception.
The Silicon Charge Detector of the High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection experiment
Authors: Silvestre G. ,   the HERD SCD collaboration
Published: March 2024

The High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detector (HERD) is an experiment designed for direct
measurement of cosmic rays on the Chinese Space Station in 2027. Its goals include precise
measurements of cosmic ray energy spectra, mass composition, electron/positron spectra, cosmic
rays anisotropy, gamma ray astronomy and indirect searches for Dark Matter. HERD features a
55X0, homogeneous, 3D segmented imaging calorimeter and can detect particles from the top and
four lateral sides, providing precise energy measurements and electron/proton separation for a
wide field of view. A key detector in HERD is the Silicon Charge Detector (SCD). SCD measures the
charge of particles before interaction with other materials, minimizing cosmic rays nuclei
fragmentation and reducing systematics on nuclei flux measurement. Thorough studies, TCAD and/or
SPICE simulations, and accelerator tests on prototypes have been conducted to evaluate the
tracking and charge resolution capabilities of the SCD. Further testing with 300 μm detectors
is planned in the coming months to fully characterize the SCD's performance. This paper presents
the results of the simulation studies and of the measured performance with particles.
The CMS Fast Beam Condition Monitor for HL-LHC
Authors: Auzinger G. , Bakhshiansohi H. , Dabrowski A. , Delannoy A.G. , Dierlamm A. , Dragicevic M. , Gholami A. , Gomez G. , Guthoff M. , Haranko M. , Homna A. , Jenihhin M. , Kaplon J. , Karacheban O. , Korcsmáros B. , Liu W.H. , Lokhovitskiy A. , Loos R. , Mallows S. , Michel J. , Myronenko V. , Pásztor G. , Pari M. , Schwandt J. , Sedghi M. , Shevelev A. , Shibin K. , Steinbrueck G. , Stickland D. , Ujvari B. , Wegrzyn G.J.
Published: March 2024

The high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC brings unprecedented requirements for real-time and
precision bunch-by-bunch online luminosity measurement and beam-induced background monitoring. A
key component of the CMS Beam Radiation, Instrumentation and Luminosity system is a stand-alone
luminometer, the Fast Beam Condition Monitor (FBCM), which is fully independent from the CMS
central trigger and data acquisition services and able to operate at all times with a triggerless
readout. FBCM utilizes a dedicated front-end application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to
amplify the signals from CO2-cooled silicon-pad sensors with a timing resolution of a few
nanoseconds, which enables the measurement of the beam-induced background. FBCM uses a modular
design with two half-disks of twelve modules at each end of CMS, with four service modules placed
close to the outer edge to reduce radiation-induced aging. The electronics system design adapts
several components from the CMS Tracker for power, control and read-out functionalities. The
dedicated FBCM23 ASIC contains six channels and adjustable shaping time to optimize the noise with
regards to sensor leakage current. Each ASIC channel outputs a single binary high-speed
asynchronous signal carrying time-of-arrival and time-over-threshold information. The chip output
signal is digitized,
encoded, and sent via a radiation-hard gigabit transceiver
and an optical link
to the back-end electronics for analysis. This paper reports on the updated design of the FBCM
detector and the ongoing testing program.
Experimental analysis of the electric field distribution in semi-insulating GaAs detectors via alpha particles
Authors: Kurucova N. , Šagátová A. , Pavlovič M. , Zaťko B. , Kováčová E. , Boháček P. , Škriniarová J. , Predanocy M.
Published: March 2024

Semi-insulating gallium arsenide (SI GaAs) detectors offer a promising alternative to commercially available silicon detectors. They demonstrate superior radiation hardness and provide improved efficiency for gamma and X-ray detection, primarily attributed to their higher density. In this study, we examined 350 μm thick SI GaAs detectors featuring front-side Ti/Pt/Au Schottky contacts with varying contact areas, complemented by back-side Ni/AuGe/Au ohmic contacts spanning the entire area. First, the reverse current-voltage characteristics of the prepared detectors were measured. The dependence of the reverse current and the breakdown voltage on the Schottky contact area was revealed. As the contact area decreases, the reverse current decreases and the breakdown voltage increases. The detection performance of the detectors was evaluated by alpha spectrometry using an 241Am source. After irradiation of the detectors from the Schottky electrode, the measured alpha spectra show an increasing CCE with decreasing Schottky contact area. Finally, the correlation between the applied bias voltage and the extent of the active detector area from the edge of the detector contact was investigated.
Determination of Henry's law coefficient of oxygen in LAB for JUNO
Authors: Qi X. , Sun X. , Li J. , Hu T. , Fang J. , Zhou L. , Yu B. , Sun L. , Liu W. , Cai X. , Ding Y. , Xie Y. , Zuo G.
Published: March 2024

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO)
requires that the detector use liquid scintillator with an extremely
low background to achieve the desired measurement accuracy of
neutrino mixing parameters. In addition, the production process of
the liquid scintillator must avoid radon gas contamination caused by
equipment leakage. Direct measurement of radon gas in liquid
scintillator is an option for system leak detection. However,
considering the low percentage of radon gas and high percentage of
oxygen in air, the measurement of oxygen in liquid scintillator will
have higher sensitivity. Based on Henry's law and the measuring
principle of a dissolved oxygen meter, an experimental device is
designed to measure Henry's law coefficient and calibrate the
dissolved oxygen meter. Henry's law coefficient of oxygen in linear
alkylbenzene (LAB) at 23.6 °C derived from an experimental
measurement is
2.09 × 107 ± 2.54 ×
106 Pa·L·mol-1. The feasibility of using a
dissolved oxygen meter to measure the dissolved oxygen content in
LAB is verified by calibrating the dissolved oxygen meter.
Soil incubation methods lead to large differences in inferred methane production temperature sensitivity
Authors: Li Zhen , Grant Robert F , Chang Kuang-Yu , Hodgkins Suzanne B , Tang Jinyun , Cory Alexandra , Mekonnen Zelalem A , Saleska Scott R , Brodie Eoin L , Varner Ruth K , Rich Virginia I , Wilson Rachel M , Chanton Jeff P , Crill Patrick , Riley William J
Published: March 2024

Quantifying the temperature sensitivity of methane (CH4) production is crucial for predicting how wetland ecosystems will respond to climate warming. Typically, the temperature sensitivity (often quantified as a Q10 value) is derived from laboratory incubation studies and then used in biogeochemical models. However, studies report wide variation in incubation-inferred Q10 values, with a large portion of this variation remaining unexplained. Here we applied observations in a thawing permafrost peatland (Stordalen Mire) and a well-tested process-rich model (ecosys) to interpret incubation observations and investigate controls on inferred CH4 production temperature sensitivity. We developed a field-storage-incubation modeling approach to mimic the full incubation sequence, including field sampling at a particular time in the growing season, refrigerated storage, and laboratory incubation, followed by model evaluation. We found that CH4 production rates during incubation are regulated by substrate availability and active microbial biomass of key microbial functional groups, which are affected by soil storage duration and temperature. Seasonal variation in substrate availability and active microbial biomass of key microbial functional groups led to strong time-of-sampling impacts on CH4 production. CH4 production is higher with less perturbation post-sampling, i.e. shorter storage duration and lower storage temperature. We found a wide range of inferred Q10 values (1.2–3.5), which we attribute to incubation temperatures, incubation duration, storage duration, and sampling time. We also show that Q10 values of CH4 production are controlled by interacting biological, biochemical, and physical processes, which cause the inferred Q10 values to differ substantially from those of the component processes. Terrestrial ecosystem models that use a constant Q10 value to represent temperature responses may therefore predict biased soil carbon cycling under future climate scenarios.
A scenario analysis of the energy transition in Japan’s road transportation sector based on the LEAP model
Authors: Meng Linghao , Li Mei , Asuka Jusen
Published: March 2024

Japan has lagged behind other developed nations in transitioning its transportation sector to sustainable energy sources. This study employs the Low Emissions Analysis Platform model to examine six scenarios, assessing energy consumption and emissions associated with four major energy sources and pollutants. Our findings reveal an overall decline in total energy consumption across all scenarios. Notably, the Combined scenario where multiple policies are integrated demonstrates the most significant reduction, with a 56% decrease compared to the Business as usual scenario by 2050. The analysis also indicates that the electricity and hydrogen demand for electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles remains economically viable within future strategic plans. Emissions, including CO2, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Methane (CH4), and Nitrous Oxide (N2O), exhibit substantial reductions, particularly under the Active Promotion Scenario, where a high EV adoption rate is achieved. Moreover, the Combined scenario resulting in a comprehensive and integrated approach, leads to a remarkable 66% decrease in emissions. These results serve as valuable reference points for the Japanese government, aiding in the formulation of future targets for widespread EV adoption and emission standards for pollutants.
Can socio-economic indicators of vulnerability help predict spatial variations in the duration and severity of power outages due to tropical cyclones?
Authors: Johnson Paul M , Jackson Nicole D , Baroud Hiba , Staid Andrea
Published: March 2024

Tropical cyclones are the leading cause of major power outages in the U.S., and their effects can be devastating for communities. However, few studies have holistically examined the degree to which socio-economic variables can explain spatial variations in disruptions and reveal potential inequities thereof. Here, we apply machine learning techniques to analyze 20 tropical cyclones and predict county-level outage duration and percentage of customers losing power using a comprehensive set of weather, environmental, and socio-economic factors. Our models are able to accurately predict these outage response variables, but after controlling for the effects of weather conditions and environmental factors in the models, we find the effects of socio-economic variables to be largely immaterial. However, county-level data could be overlooking effects of socio-economic disparities taking place at more granular spatial scales, and we must remain aware of the fact that when faced with similar outage events, socio-economically vulnerable communities will still find it more difficult to cope with disruptions compared to less vulnerable ones.
Why does a decrease in cloud amount increase terrestrial evapotranspiration in a monsoon transition zone?
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Yue Ping , Wu Xianghua , Li Junjun , Shao Naifu , Zhu Bin , Lu Chunsong
Published: March 2024

Terrestrial evapotranspiration plays a critical role in drought monitoring and water resource management. Changes in evapotranspiration are significantly influenced by cloud-related precipitation and radiation effects. However, the impact of cloud amount (CA) on evapotranspiration through its influence on precipitation remains uncertain, especially in the transition zone affected by the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), which limits the understanding of the water cycle. Therefore, this study deeply explores the impact of CA on evapotranspiration and its potential physical mechanisms in Northwest China. The results show that the correlation between 31-year average evapotranspiration and CA is negative only in the semi-arid region and is positive in other climatic regions of Northwest China. This unique negative correlation is related to the change of precipitation pattern in the semi-arid region caused by the weak EASM. Smaller CA in weak monsoons results in more short-wave radiation reaching the surface, larger sensible heat, and weaker convective inhibition. Consequently, the proportion of convective clouds (CCs) increases and precipitation from these CCs enhances evapotranspiration. Less CA increases evapotranspiration and potentially exacerbates aridity in the semi-arid region of Northwest China. These results emphasize the role of cloud type in evapotranspiration. It is well known that global warming can change cloud type with more CCs. Therefore, this study sheds new light on evapotranspiration change under global warming.
Thermodynamic uncertainty relations in the presence of non-linear friction and memory
Authors: Plati A , Puglisi A , Sarracino A
Published: March 2024

A new thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) is derived for systems described by linearly coupled Langevin equations in the presence of non-linear frictional forces. In our scheme, the main variable represents the velocity of a particle, while the other coupled variables describe memory effects which may arise from strongly correlated degrees of freedom with several time-scales and, in general, are associated with thermal baths at different temperatures. The new TUR gives a lower bound for the mean-squared displacement of the position of the particle, including its asymptotic diffusion coefficient. This bound, in several examples worked out here, appears to be a good analytical estimate of the real diffusion coefficient. The new TUR can be also applied in the absence of any external force (with or without thermal equilibrium between the baths), a case which usually goes beyond the scope of original TURs. We show applications to non-linear frictional models with memory, such as the Coulomb and the Prandtl-Tomlinson models, usually representative of friction at the nano-scale and within atomic-force microscopy experiments.
Faecal glucocorticoid analysis as indicator of stress and its effect on the reproduction hormones of the female Malayan sun bear (Helarctus malayanus) in captivity.
Authors: Zoumin Elden , Abdul-Mawah Siti Sarayati , Chor-Wai Lo , Jasnie Farnidah
Published: March 2024

Faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) is frequently used as a non-invasive tool to assess adrenocortical activity in animal conservation and welfare studies. However, studies assessing the stress level and its effect on the reproductive hormones of female Malayan sun bear is lacking. This study aims to assess the level of stress of the female Malayan sun bear in captivity and its effect on the female reproductive hormones of the female Malayan sun bears in captivity in Malaysian Borneo. Through FGM analysis via the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) method, it was found that the bear living in BSBCC has the lowest level of glucocorticoid. as for the relationship between the level of stress and the female reproductive hormones, the level of estrogen which was indicated by estradiol, decreases as the level of FGM increases. In contrast, the level of progesterone increase as the level of FGM increases. It can be concluded that the level of stress in captivity could affect the level of estrogen and progesterone and a high level of progesterone does not always indicate a good reproductive function in female mammals.
Spatio Temporal Analysis of Water Quality at Tasek Bera
Authors: Mohd Nazri N A , Ismain S H A , Foronda Vladimir , Salleh S A , Abdullah M F
Published: March 2024

Bera Lake is Malaysia’s largest natural fresh water reservoir. It has critical environmental and ecological significance for both humans and wildlife. Nonetheless, the water quality of this lake has deteriorated during the previous few decades as a result of land development projects in the river basin area. This study aims to analyse the spatio temporal pattern of water quality in Tasek Bera and to identify and evaluate the degradation grade for water quality, as well as to identify the environmental crucial factor for Tasek Bera and its surrounding area. This study also implements remote sensing technology to determine the water quality parameters in Tasek Bera. The data for this study was obtained from Landsat 8 OLI and Landsat 5 MSS from 3 different years which are year 2000, 2010 and 2020. The landset image were processed and integrated into the Geographical Information System (GIS) software to undergo classification, principal component analysis and weighted overlay process. Based on the weighted overlay mapping and Malaysia’s water quality index, the result showed that in year 2000, the water quality in Tasek Bera is mostly being in the second class (fair water quality) but in 2010, it shows a prominent increasing performance when the lake is mostly being in the first class (excellent water quality). However, in the year 2020, we had observe a significant decreasing of water quality especially on the upper section and the middle section of Tasek Bera. Through this study, researchers will be able to further analyse Tasek Bera’s current environmental state, and eventually bring evidence in the environmental deterioration that Tasek Bera has endured. This is also to make people realise the ecological importance of wetlands in Malaysia.
Floristic composition and species diversity at Gunung Inas forest reserve, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Fnd Afimy , Pardi Faezah , Ruziman Hasya Hannani
Published: March 2024

Monoculture plantations such as Musang King durian farms on a big scale become a controversial issue due to its potential devastating impact to the diversity of forest reserves at some areas in Kedah including Gunung Inas Forest Reserve. This study intended to determine the floristic composition and species diversity at Gunung Inas Forest Reserve (GIFR), Kedah. Three plots of 70 m x 25 m covering 0.53 ha were established at GIFR. Each tree with diameter at breast height of 5 cm and above in the study plots were tagged, measured and identified up to species level. Voucher specimens were then taken for further identification purposes. The floristic composition of GIFR consists of 53 individuals represented by 16 species from 12 families. Anacardiaceae was the most speciose family with four species recorded. The most dominant species was Swintonia schwenkii (Anacardiaceae) with 14 tree individuals. S. schwenkii (Anacardiaceae) was considered to have an absolute dominance at the study site with Important Value Index (IVi) of 12.48%, meanwhile Myrtaceae recorded 20.87% of IVi, reflecting this family to be relatively dominant than other families. GIFR recorded moderate Shannon-Weiner Diversity index of H’ = 2.66 (H’max = 2.77) and Margalef’s Richness Index of DMG = 8.7. High Evenness Index of 0.71 portrayed that the tree species are almost equally abundant at the study area. The total tree biomass in the GIFR was estimated at 76.26 t/ha, contributed by 66.04 t/ha of above ground biomass and 10.22 t/ha below ground biomass. Data and information from this study can serve as a guideline for future ecological research and particularly in planning conservation efforts to ensure the biodiversity and sustainability of forests for future generations.
Amalgamation of Bio-Eco Culture for Sustainable Island Tourism Development
Authors: Othman Raja Norashekin Binti Raja , Abdullah Yusfida Ayu , Nasrudin Na’asah , Yakob Hamizah , Nasir Rabiatul Adawiyah
Published: March 2024

Tourism development can benefit from integrating biology, ecology, and cultural elements. Bio-Eco culture in tourism development emphasizes preserving and showcasing a destination’s unique natural and cultural assets. This approach recognizes that ecosystems and cultural assets are often intertwined and should be considered in developing sustainable tourism. However, tourism development activities often conflict with these efforts. A recent study shows that tourism development has been pursued independently, leading to an imbalance in tourism development. The situation in the study area is identical. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the relationship between cultural ecology and human behaviour as a tool for developing sustainable tourism. Jerejak Island, Penang was selected as a study area. A quantitative approach was applied, involving 150 tourists as respondents. The research identified the potential of tourism resources in the study area and investigated tourist typology through their behaviour. The study revealed a gap between conserving the island’s ecological and biological quality, neglecting the protection of heritage resources, and excessively meeting the needs of tourists. To achieve sustainable tourism development, it is necessary to address these three areas in parallel. It makes the Bio-Eco Cultural in tourism development approach suitable for the study area. Overall, the Bio-Eco cultural approach is also an effort to conserve local tourism resources.
Harmonic Analysis and Gamma Functions on Symplectic Groups
Authors: Jiang Dihua , Luo Zhilin , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2024

Over a

p
p

-adic local field

F
F

of characteristic zero, we develop a new type of harmonic analysis on an extended symplectic group

G
=

G

m

×

S
p

2
n

G={\mathbb {G}}_m\times {\mathrm {Sp}}_{2n}

. It is associated to the Langlands

γ
\gamma

-functions attached to any irreducible admissible representations

χ
⊗
π

\chi \otimes \pi

of

G
(
F
)

G(F)

and the standard representation

ρ
\rho

of the dual group

G
∨

(

C

)

G^\vee ({\mathbb {C}})

, and confirms a series of the conjectures in the local theory of the Braverman-Kazhdan proposal (Braverman and Kazhdan, 2000) for the case under consideration. Meanwhile, we develop a new type of harmonic analysis on

G
L

1

(
F
)

{\mathrm {GL}}_1(F)

, which is associated to a

γ
\gamma

-function

β
ψ

(

χ
s

)

\beta _\psi (\chi _s)

(a product of

n
+
1

n+1

certain abelian

γ
\gamma

-functions). Our work on

G
L

1

(
F
)

{\mathrm {GL}}_1(F)

plays an indispensable role in the development of our work on

G
(
F
)

G(F)

. These two types of harmonic analyses both specialize to the well-known local theory developed in Tate’s thesis (Tate, 1950) when

n
=
0

n=0

. The approach is to use the compactification of

S
p

2
n

{\mathrm {Sp}}_{2n}

in the Grassmannian variety of

S
p

4
n

{\mathrm {Sp}}_{4n}

, with which we are able to utilize the well developed local theory of Piatetski-Shapiro and Rallis (1986) and many other works) on the doubling local zeta integrals for the standard

L
L

-functions of

S
p

2
n

{\mathrm {Sp}}_{2n}

.

The method can be viewed as an extension of the work of Godement-Jacquet (1972) for the standard

L
L

-function of

G
L

n

{\mathrm {GL}}_n

and is expected to work for all classical groups. We will consider the Archimedean local theory and the global theory in our future work.
Introduction
Authors: Erdman Andrew L
Published: March 2024

Julian Eltinge’s act is reconstructed to give readers an idea what it might have been like to see the impersonation artist in “big-time vaudeville,” for it was in vaudeville that Eltinge got his first taste of stardom. This era also marked the rise of scientific sexology led by Havelock Ellis, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, and others. These men reframed sex and gender through a clinical, empirical lens and thus wrest authority from the Church. This solved some problems but in time led to others, such as the pathologizing of cultural noncompliers. Eltinge managed by presenting himself as a specialist, a serious professional, as the field of masculine contest shifted from the rural and local to the urban and organizational. This chapter also explores the oft-posed question regarding Eltinge’s sexuality—“Was he gay”?—not to answer it definitively but to consider what psychological and cultural cargo are implied in such an inquiry.
Epilogue
Authors: Erdman Andrew L
Published: March 2024

The Epilogue provides an overview of the ways in which Julian Eltinge has been remembered, framed, misremembered, forgotten, and resuscitated by writers and thinkers in the time since his death. During the conservative 1940s–1950s, he was either relegated to the antediluvian past and/or praised for being uncontroversial. In the 1960s, as mores began to loosen, some definitively outed Eltinge as gay. As sociocultural and political gay identity coalesced in the post-Stonewall 1990s and amid the AIDS epidemic, some authors tried to resuscitate Eltinge into the LGBTQ pantheon. In our current period of antigay, anti-drag, and anti-trans reactionism, we see the mainstreaming of Julian Eltinge in Pride Month rhetoric from large, neoliberal corporations, a lumping-in of the artist with other early gender nonconformers who may have paid a social and economic price Eltinge largely avoided.
Participatory Action Research
Authors: Brown Tara M.
Published: March 2024

Participatory action research (PAR) is a methodological approach to social science research in which members of the study population participate as co-researchers, usually in collaboration with university-based researchers. As a form of action research, direct interventions into the problems under study are central to the research process. PAR is aimed at giving local community members control over “official” knowledge produced about their lives and social problems that directly impact them. PAR projects typically focus on socially marginalized groups and how structural and institutional inequalities shape their everyday lives. PAR also has a pedagogical dimension in that local, co-researchers are trained in all aspects of the research process. With a focus on social justice, PAR outcomes include sociopolitical action, individual and community capacity-building, as well as knowledge creation and theory-building.