bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enabling High Strength and Toughness Polyurethane through Disordered‐Hydrogen Bonds for Printable, Recyclable, Ultra‐Fast Responsive Capacitive Sensors
Authors: Chen Xingbao , Zhao Shiwei , Yuan Anqian , Chen Silong , Liao Yansheng , Lei Yuan , Fu Xiaowei , Lei Jingxin , Jiang Liang
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancement of smart, flexible electronic devices has paralleled a surge in electronic waste (e‐waste), exacerbating massive resource depletion and serious environmental pollution. Recyclable materials are extensively investigated to address these challenges. Herein, this study designs a unique polyurethane (SPPUs) with ultra‐high strength up to 60 MPa and toughness of 360 MJ m−3. This synthetic SPPUs can be fully recycled at room temperature by using green solvents of ethanol. Accordingly, the resultant SPPU‐Ni composites, created by mixing the ethanol‐dissolved SPPUs solution with nickel (Ni) powder, effectively combine the flexibility and recyclability of SPPUs with the electrical conductivity of the nickel filler. Notably, this work develops the printable capacitive sensors (PCBS) through transcribing the paste of SPPUs‐Ni slurry onto PET film and paper using screen‐printing technology. The devised PCBS have fast response time ≈50 ms, high resolution, and multiple signal recognition capabilities. Remarkably, SPPUs and Ni powder can be fully recycled by only dissolving the waste PCBS in ethanol. This work offers a sustainable solution to the growing e‐waste problem in recyclable flexible electronics.
High Coverage Sub‐Nano Iridium Cluster on Core–Shell Cobalt‐Cerium Bimetallic Oxide for Highly Efficient Full‐pH Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Lili , Lei Yuanting , Yang Yinze , Wang Dan , Zhao Yafei , Xiang Xu , Shang Huishan , Zhang Bing
Published: October 2024

The construction of sub‐nanometer cluster catalysts (<1 nm) with almost complete exposure of active atoms serves as a promising avenue for the simultaneous enhancement of atom utilization efficiency and specific activity. Herein, a core–shell cobalt‐cerium bimetallic oxide protected by high coverage sub‐nanometer Ir clusters (denoted as Ir cluster@CoO/CeO2) is constructed by a confined in situ exsolution strategy. The distinctive core–shell structure endows Ir cluster@CoO/CeO2 with enhanced intrinsic activity and high conductivity, facilitating efficient charge transfer and full‐pH water splitting. The Ir cluster@CoO/CeO2 achieves low overpotentials of 49/215, 52/390, and 54/243 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) in 0.5 m H2SO4, 1.0 m PBS, and 1.0 m KOH, respectively. The small decline in performance after 300 h of operation renders it one of the most effective catalysts for full‐pH water splitting. DFT calculations indicate that oriented electron transfer (along the path from Ce to Co and then to Ir) creates an electron‐rich environment for surface Ir clusters. The reconstructed interface electronic environment provides optimized intermediates adsorption/desorption energy at the Ir site (for HER) and at the Ir‐Co site (for OER), thus simultaneously speeding up the HER/OER kinetics.
Wireless, Programmable, and Refillable Hydrogel Bioelectronics for Enhanced Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Du Ningjie , Fan Yunlong , Zhang Yunting , Huang Hao , Lyu Yidan , Cai Ruisi , Zhang Yuqi , Zhang Tianyuan , Guan Yixin , Nan Kewang
Published: October 2024

Diabetic wounds, characterized by complex pathogenesis and high infection rates, pose significant challenges in treatment due to prolonged recovery times and high recurrence rates, often leading to severe complications such as amputation and death. Traditional dry dressing treatments fail to address the unique microenvironment of diabetic wounds and tend to cause secondary damage due to frequent replacement. In this study, an electronic‐embedding, drug‐loading hydrogel bioelectronics is reported for accelerating diabetic wound healing using a combination of programmable pharmaceutical and electrostimulative approaches. Encapsulated in stretchable and biocompatible materials, this device is capable of multiple drug refilling and accelerated drug release modulated by on‐board electronics. In vivo experiments on diabetic model rats confirm the device's effectiveness in promoting wound healing. This innovative approach implies the potential for improving diabetic wound management using a combination of physical, material, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Post‐Synthetic Modification of Porous Organic Cages for Enhanced Iodine Adsorption Performance
Authors: Mao Qianqian , Yang Siyuan , Zhang Jinjin , Liu Yuanhan , Liu Ming
Published: October 2024

The capture of radioactive iodine species from nuclear waste is crucial for environmental protection and human health. Porous organic cages (POCs), an emerging porous material, have showed potential in iodine adsorption due to the advantages of tunable pores and processibility. However, integrating multiple desirable characteristics into a single POC through bottom‐up assembly of pre‐designed building blocks remains challenging. Post‐synthetic modification (PSM) offers an alternative approach, enabling the introduction of various functions into a single POC. Herein, a viable and highly efficient three‐step PSM strategy to modify a representative POC (CC3), is presented. The modified POC, OFT‐RCC36+6Br−, features a charged confined space, electron‐rich heteroatom, and halide ions, exhibiting significantly enhanced iodine vapor uptake compared to the parental cage. The universality of the PSM strategy has been verified by successfully modifying two other POCs. The iodine adsorption behaviors of three modified cage adsorbents in organic solvent and aqueous solution have also been investigated, all of which exhibited improved performance, especially in comparison to ionic cages modified through direct protonation. This work provides an effective PSM strategy for POCs to facilitate iodine adsorption. More importantly, the introduction of a new PSM strategy enriches the functional diversity of POCs, potentially broadening their future applications.
Evidence for a Griffiths Phase to Cluster Spin Glass Transition in the La2/3Sr1/3(Mn1‐3xAl2xTix)O3 System
Authors: Lu Ruie , Ji Yuanchao , Wang Yu , Ke Xiaoqin , Tian Fanghua , Zhou Chao , Zhang Yin , Liu Chang , Yang Sen , Ren Xiaobing , Song Xiaoping
Published: October 2024

The presence of Griffiths phase to cluster spin glass transition has theoretically been predicted in both classical and quantum systems. However, its detection in a classical system has been lacking for decades, which hinders a complete understanding of the relationship between the Griffiths phase and cluster spin glass. Here, the experimental discovery of the Griffiths phase to cluster spin glass transition is reported in a classical magnetic system, diluted ferromagnets La2/3Sr1/3(Mn1‐3xAl2xTix)O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.12). The phase diagram of the system shows a transition from the Griffiths phase into a ferromagnetic state in the low disorder concentration range (0.01 < x ≤ 0.09). In the high disorder concentration range (0.09 < x ≤ 0.12), a Griffiths phase to cluster spin glass transition is identified, which nicely matches that of disordered quantum systems. Moreover, the Griffiths phase is essentially an unfrozen cluster spin glass with partially broken ergodicity is demonstrated experimentally. These findings serve as crucial experimental references for understanding the glassy phenomena in disordered magnets, facilitating future exploration of their unique properties and functionalities.
Enhanced Sensitivity of Cell Identification in Complex Environments Using Chirally Inverted L‐DNA‐Based Logic Devices
Authors: Lai Zixi , Jin Di , Tian Yuan , Chen Xiaoxing , Han Da , Chen Haige , Wang Junyan , Yang Yang
Published: October 2024

Accurate identification and isolation of target cells are crucial for precision diagnosis and treatment. DNA aptamer‐based logic devices provide a distinct advantage in this context, as they can logically analyze multiple cell surface markers with high efficiency. However, the susceptibility of natural DNA (D‐DNA) to degradation can compromise the sensitivity and specificity of these devices, potentially leading to false‐positive and false‐negative results, particularly in complex biological environments. To address this issue, dual‐ and triple‐aptamer‐based cell‐surface logic devices are designed and developed using mirror‐image L‐DNA, a chiral molecule of D‐DNA with high biostability. These devices allow for simultaneous analysis of multiple cell surface proteins, achieving greater specificity in cell identification and isolation than D‐DNA‐based logic devices. The L‐DNA probes realized 98.7% and 70.5% sensitivities in FBS buffer with dual‐ and triple‐aptamer‐based logic devices for target cell identification, while D‐DNA probes only showed 27.9% and 0.1%. It is believed that the high stability of L‐DNA and the high efficiency of the devices for labeling cell subpopulations will have broad applications in the life sciences, biomedical engineering, and personalized medicine.
Novel Green Solvent for Sustainable Fabrication of Quasi‐2D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Guerrero‐León L. Andrés , Bautista‐Quijano José Roberto , Heffner Herman , Shilovskikh Vladimir , Campos Raquel , Rivkin Boris , Vaynzof Yana
Published: October 2024

Despite the remarkable advances in the field of perovskite photovoltaics, the use of toxic solvents for their fabrication poses a significant challenge to their scale‐up and commercialization. The vast majority of studies rely on using the highly hazardous N, N‐Dimethylformamide (DMF), with green alternatives remaining scarce. In this work, the use of glycerol formal (Gly‐F) is reported as a green solvent for fabricating quasi‐2D (n = 5) perovskite solar cells. Quasi‐2D perovskite films processed from Gly‐F exhibit a high degree of uniformity and a compact microstructure. When integrated into solar cells, the green solvent‐processed films reach a promising power conversion efficiency of 14.53%. This performance is lower than that of DMF‐based perovskites, most likely due to the presence of laterally oriented low n perovskite phases. Interestingly, while the performance of DMF‐based devices is rather irreproducible, the performance of Gly‐F‐based devices is robust and consistent. These results demonstrate the potential of Gly‐F‐ as a promising green alternative to DMF.
EU food price inflation amid global market turbulences during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine War
Authors: Kornher L. , Balezentis T. , Santeramo F. G.
Published: October 2024

Since the COVID‐19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine War, global food markets have been in turmoil. Agricultural input and energy prices doubled between 2020 and 2022, with immediate consequences on food accessibility. We examine the drivers of the EU food inflation patterns, and how trade integration shapes these dynamics. We find that food price inflation has been mainly driven by surges in agricultural production costs and, to a lesser extent, by global food price increases. Trade openness has not exacerbated the inflating dynamics during this period. We conclude with reflections on inflationary, production, and trade policies.
Beyond the symptoms: Team‐based learning for social determinants in emergency medicine training
Authors: Abubshait Layla S. , Guirguis Sandra , Pocquette Savannah , Cofer Timothy , Omodt‐Lopez Angelina
Published: October 2024

Background

Emergency departments serve as the front line for individuals facing acute health needs, often compounded by social determinants of health (SDoH). Integrating SDoH into emergency medicine care is vital for promptly addressing health concerns and averting future crises. This curriculum adopts a team‐based approach to train emergency medicine residents in identifying and addressing SDoH, thereby delivering comprehensive and equitable care.

Methods

The curriculum employs various educational strategies, including presession readings, SDoH introductions, case simulations, debriefing sessions, panel discussions, and collaboration with other health care professionals. Evaluation via pre‐ and postcurriculum surveys revealed substantial enhancements in residents' comprehension, identification, and familiarity with local resources related to SDoH.

Results

Findings indicated an uptick in residents' grasp and acknowledgment of SDoH, alongside their capacity to address these factors. Posttraining Likert scores exhibited notable improvements across all domains, underscoring an augmented ability to manage SDoH in clinical practice. This curriculum amplifies residents' capability to deliver patient‐centric care and advocate for health equity.

Conclusions

Continuous refinement and assessment are paramount for ensuring residents' readiness to navigate the intricate social determinants affecting patients' well‐being. Ultimately, this curriculum heralds a pivotal stride toward fostering health equity and refining patient care standards within emergency medicine.
Global trend of cervical cancer among women aged 55 and older from 2010 to 2019: An analysis by socio‐demographic index and geographic regions
Authors: Rezaei Fatemeh , Mazidimoradi Afrooz , Pasokh Zahra , Mobasheri Farzaneh , Taheri Mohammad , Salehiniya Hamid , Allahqoli Leila , Alkatout Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study describes the 2010–2019 trend of cervical cancer (CC) in women over 55 by socio‐demographic index (SDI) and geographical regions.

Methods

We obtained data on CC annually from 2010 to 2019 from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) to analyze the incidence, death and prevalence rates, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with CC across different parameters such as global trend, age groups, SDI, continents, World Bank Regions, World Health Organization (WHO) regions, GBD regions, and National and territorial division. This analysis covers data from 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Results

There were 236,228 CC incidence cases worldwide in 2019, which is a 1.27‐fold increase from 2010. Global CC deaths also increased to 169,304 cases in 2019, reflecting a 1.24‐fold increase. CC prevalence increased to 769,925 cases in 2019, representing a 1.4‐fold rise. The number of CC DALYs globally increased to 3,835,979 cases in 2019, reflecting a 1.24‐fold increase. Incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY numbers of CC increased across all age groups females in the 65–69 years age group experienced the highest increase. Middle SDI countries had the highest incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY numbers, while low SDI countries showed increasing trends. Asia exhibited the highest incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY numbers of CC. Upper middle‐income countries had the highest incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY numbers, with the highest decreases in these rates except the prevalence rate. The Western Pacific Region showed the highest incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY numbers, with declining rate trends. The Republic of Kiribati showed the highest incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY numbers.

Conclusion

Based on the study results, it is clear that although the global trend of epidemiological indicators of CC is decreasing, the largest proportion of the decreasing trend is related to developing countries. But in regions of Africa and Asia that have a lower level of development, sometimes these indicators show upward trends, which shows the worsening of the problem in these regions and the need for serious policies and plans to implement comprehensive vaccination, screening, and promotion interventions. People's awareness is necessary in the field of better disease control.
A Hybrid Fuzzy Deep Belief Network Extreme Learning Machine Framework With Hyperbolic Secant Activation Function for Robust Semi‐Supervised Sentiment Classification
Authors: Mozafari Maryam , Moattar Mohammad Hossein
Published: October 2024

Sentiment classification deals with extracting and classifying the text sentiment. Fuzzy Deep Belief Network (DBN) has proved its efficiency in dealing with sentiment analysis and suitability for classifying unlabeled or semi‐labeled data. Previous structures of deep belief networks are mostly made of traditional activation functions such as sigmoid. In this paper, a new activation function, which is referred to as hyperbolic secant function, is proposed. The new activation function not only solves gradient zeroing problem but also increases the accuracy and efficiency. Besides, extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed as the decision layer to increase the accuracy and improve the generalizability through solving gradient‐based learning problem. The efficiency of the proposed method has been experimented on “IMDB” movie critic dataset, 20‐newspaper dataset and Sentiment Analysis dataset. The results of the proposed method are more accurate and precise as compared with the previous approaches.
A Study on the Effect of Structural Compliance Placing in Soft Contact/Collision Properties of Multirotor Micro Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Abazari Amirali , Bakir Alihan , Sertpoyraz Altar , Ozcan Onur
Published: October 2024

Adding compliance (softness) has been introduced as an effective way to improve the physical collision resilience characteristics of multirotor micro aerial vehicles (MAVs). This article answers the question “Where is the best place to apply compliance in a multirotor MAV to make it more collision‐resilient?” by analyzing the output data of more than 1200 drone collision tests through two sets of accelerated and nonaccelerated collision experiments for four main configurations of micro‐quadcopters each possessing a unique softness layout of physical frame. It is shown that while applying compliance to the protective propeller guards (bumpers) of a micro‐quadcopter provides a more elastic collision, it does not improve its energy‐dissipation (impact damping) characteristics. On the other hand, enhancing the inner frame of the micro‐quadcopter with a softer structure results in higher rates of impact energy damping during the collisions and an increase in the impact time, which results in lower impact accelerations the MAV experiences during the crush. A mathematical model is developed representing the contact/collision interactions as nonlinear viscoelastic forces. Comparing the results of the simulations to the experiments suggests that this model can effectively mimic the impact behavior of contacting/colliding MAVs with different structural stiffness and damping.
Ultrasensitive Ultrasoft Buckled Crack‐Based Sensor for Respiration Measurement and Enhanced Human–Machine Interface
Authors: Lee Jingoo , Kim Taewi , Kim Hyeongseok , Im Sunghoon , Park Jieun , Park Inyong , Park Dae Hoon , Han Bangwoo , Kang Daeshik , Lee Gunhee
Published: October 2024

Wearable strain sensors have transformed the real‐time monitoring of health conditions and human–machine interactions. However, recently developed wearable strain sensors exhibit several limitations. For example, when a sensor is designed with high sensitivity to detect strain, it struggles to accurately measuring the deformation of low‐stiffness materials like skin. Additionally, finding the optimal balance between sensitivity, durability, hysteresis, and strain range in sensor design is challenging. To address these challenges, a Buckled, Ultrasoft, Crack‐based, Large strain, EpiDermal (BUCKLED) sensor is developed. This sensor integrates the benefits of soft structure engineering with high sensitivity of crack‐based sensing mechanisms to ensure optimal skin deformation measurements. The BUCKLED sensor exhibits significant improvements in compliance (18 500 mm N−1), stretchability (100%), hysteresis (2%), durability (10 000 cycles with 100% strain), and force sensitivity () owing to its buckled shape, confirming its ability to detect subtle movements with enhanced accuracy. The sensor's high compliance allows it to accurately measure low‐stiffness objects, ensuring reliable performance. Furthermore, the sensor's tunability is demonstrating its effectiveness in applications such as respiratory monitoring, facial expression recognition, and silent speech interfaces. Consequently, the proposed sensor is versatile and holds great potential for a wide range of sensing applications.
Hypercoagulability in hemoglobinopathies: Decoding the thrombotic threat
Authors: Bou‐Fakhredin Rayan , Cappellini Maria Domenica , Taher Ali T. , De Franceschi Lucia
Published: October 2024

Beta (β)‐thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) are characterized by a hypercoagulable state, which can significantly influence organ complication and disease severity. While red blood cells (RBCs) and erythroblasts continue to play a central role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis in β‐thalassemia and SCD, additional factors such as free heme, inflammatory vasculopathy, splenectomy, among other factors further contribute to the complexity of thrombotic risk. Thus, understanding the role of the numerous factors driving this hypercoagulable state will enable healthcare practitioners to enhance preventive and treatment strategies and develop novel therapies for the future. We herein describe the pathogenesis of thrombosis in patients with β‐thalassemia and SCD. We also identify common mechanisms underlying the procoagulant profile of hemoglobinopathies translating into thrombotic events. Finally, we review the currently available prevention and clinical management of thrombosis in these patient populations.
Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Patients With Mitochondrial Disease in a Pediatric Egyptian Cohort: Novel Variants and Phenotypic Expansion
Authors: Hassaan Hebatallah M , Pyle Angela , Almenabawy Nihal , Robertson Fiona M , Elkhateeb Nour , Girgis Marian Y , Mahmoud Iman Gamal El Din , Amer Fawzia , Samaha Mona , Shaheen Yara , ElNaggar Walaa , Abdoh Doaa , Mehaney Dina Ahmed , Meguid Iman Ehsan Abdel , Taylor Robert W , McFarland Robert , Selim Laila
Published: October 2024

Mitochondrial disorders exhibit clinical and genetic diversity. Nearly 400 distinct genes, located in both the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, harbor pathogenic variants that can produce a broad spectrum of mitochondrial diseases. This work aims to explore the genetic etiology of a cohort of Egyptian pediatric patients who were clinically suspected of having a mitochondrial disorder. A total of 49 patients from 44 unrelated families were studied. Selection criteria included age below 18 years and meeting Morava criteria (a score ≥ 3). The mitochondrial disease criteria (MDC) have been developed to quantify the clinical picture and evaluate the probability of an underlying mitochondrial disorder Exome sequencing, including mitochondrial genome sequencing, was carried out for each participant. Causative variants likely responsible for the phenotypes were identified in 68% of the study population. The mitochondrial subgroup constituted 41% of the studied population with a median age of 4 years. No primary pathogenic variants in mitochondrial DNA were detected. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in eight mitochondrial genes were identified in 78% of the mitochondrial cohort. Additionally, seven novel variants were identified. Nonmitochondrial diagnoses accounted for 27% of the study population. In 32% of cases, disease‐causing variants were not identified. The current study underscores the diverse phenotypic and genetic landscape of mitochondrial disorders among Egyptian patients.
“Novel Metal‐Free Porphyrin with Ionic Liquid and Sulphonic Acid Moieties for Visible Light Assisted Photocatalytic C−N Coupling of Heterocyclic Compounds with Aryl Halides”
Authors: Radheshyam Yadav Piyush , Rambhau Bhagat Pundlik
Published: October 2024

Metal‐free Buchwald‐Hartwig type photocatalytic approach for N‐substitution of 1,2,4‐triazole at normal temperature was explored for the first‐time using novel imidazolium based Brønsted acid functionalized porphyrin (ImBAFPc). The energy band gap and Hammett acidity were determined by UV‐Vis spectrophotometer. The energy band gap, 1.06 eV supported absorption of radiation in the visible region. The N‐arylation of 1,2,4‐triazole with various Ar−X was achieved in a home‐made photoreactor by heterogeneous, recyclable ImBAFPc photocatalyst under irradiation of 5 W LED with good yields. The protocol tolerated electron donating and attracting Ar−X, including inactivated chlorobenzene, affording the arylated triazole with admirable yields. under ambient photocatalytic conditions.
Reductive Photocatalytic Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer by a Zirconium‐Based Molecular Platform
Authors: Jabalera‐Ortiz Pedro J. , Perona Cristina , Moreno‐Albarracín Mercedes , Carmona Francisco J. , Jiménez Juan‐Ramón , Navarro Jorge A. R. , Garrido‐Barros Pablo
Published: October 2024

Reductive proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) has important energetic implications in numerous synthetic and natural redox processes. The development of catalytic systems that can mediate such transformations has become an attractive target, especially when light is used to generate the reactive species towards solar‐to‐chemicals conversion. However, such approach becomes challenged by kinetic competition with H2 evolution. Here we describe the excited state reactivity of a molecular Zr‐based platform under visible light irradiation for the efficient reduction of multiple bonds. Mechanistic investigations shine light on a charge separation process that colocalizes an excited electron and an acidic proton to promote selective PCET. We further leveraged this reactivity for the photocatalytic reduction of a variety of organic substrates. Our results demonstrate the promise of this molecular platform to design strong photocatalytic PCET mediators for reductive transformations. More broadly, we also show the potential relevance of PCET mechanisms in the (photo)redox chemistry of Zr‐based molecular materials.
Arenicolide Family Macrolides Provide a New Therapeutic Lead Combating Multidrug‐Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Hwang Sunghoon , Heo Bo Eun , Nguyen Thanh Quang , Kim Young Jae , Lee Sung‐Gwon , Huynh Thanh‐Hau , Kim Eunji , Jo Shin‐Il , Baek Min‐Jun , Shin Eun‐Kyung , Oh Joonseok , Park Chungoo , Yoon Yeo Joon , Park Eun‐Jin , Kim Kyung Tae , Ryoo Sungweon , Lee Da‐Gyum , Wood Connor , Woo Minjeong , Kim Dae‐Duk , Paik Seungwha , Jo Eun‐Kyeong , Jang Jichan , Oh Dong‐Chan
Published: October 2024

The emergence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) and extensively drug‐resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) poses a significant threat to health globally. During searching for new chemical entities regulating MDR‐ and XDR‐Mtb, chemical investigation of the black oil beetle gut bacterium Micromonospora sp. GR10 led to the discovery of eight new members of arenicolides along with the identification of arenicolide A (Ar−A, 1), which was a previously reported macrolide with incomplete configuration. Genomic analysis of the bacterial strain GR10 revealed their putative biosynthetic pathway. Quantum mechanics‐based computation, chemical derivatizations, and bioinformatic analysis established the absolute stereochemistry of Ar−A and arenicolides D−K (Ar−D−K, 2–9) completely for the first time. Biological studies of 1–9 revealed their antimicrobial activity against MDR and XDR strains of Mtb. Ar−A had the most potent in vitro antimicrobial efficacy against MDR‐ and XDR‐Mtb. Mechanistically, Ar−A induced ATP depletion and destabilized Mtb cell wall, thereby inhibiting growth. Notably, Ar−A exerted a significant antimicrobial effect against Mtb in macrophages, was effective in the treatment of Mtb infections, and showed a synergistic effect with amikacin (AMK) in a mouse model of MDR‐Mtb lung infection. Collectively, our findings indicate Ar−A to be a promising drug lead for drug‐resistant tuberculosis.
Catalyst‐Free Diborylation and Silaboration of Azoarenes: A Simple Photoinduced Approach
Authors: Mondal Reetu Rani , Pal Apurba Kumar , Geetharani K.
Published: October 2024

The diborylation of the N=N double bond of azoarenes has been achieved using a commercially available diboron reagent, B2cat2 [bis(catecholato)diboron]. By utilizing the photo‐switchable nature of azoarenes under blue‐LED light irradiation, an uncatalyzed diborylation and silaboration yielded a broad range of functionalized hydrazine derivatives. The mechanistic origin validates the importance of cis configuration, which is corroborated by theoretical calculations.
Intracellular Redox Environment Determines Cancer‐normal Cell Selectivity of Selenium Nanoclusters
Authors: Xiong Zushuang , He Lizhen , Pi Fen , Yu Yanzi , Xiao Zhirong , Chen Tianfeng
Published: October 2024

Elucidating the chemical structure and intracellular action mechanisms is still the critical limit for the clinical translation of nanomedicines. Intracellular redox environments originating from cell metabolism are key factors affecting internalized drug efficacy. Herein, we engineer Se−Se/Se−S bond to assemble selenium (Se) nanoclusters (SeClus) with intracellular redox environment‐driven selective structure. Chemical structure analysis reveals that, the bonding of sulfur atom in intermediates to the two neighboring or interposition Se atoms in Se rings is the key internal driving force for SeClus formation. This nanocluster can be predominantly transformed to selenocysteine to facilitate selenoproteins synthesis in normal cells, while metabolize to cytotoxic SeO32− based on the oxidative intracellular redox environment of cancer cells. Resultantly, SeClus exhibit significant cell proliferation inhibition ability to cancer cells and impressive safety to normal cells. Taken together, this study not only clarifies the chemical nature of the atom engineering of SeClus, but also elucidates its intracellular redox environment‐oriented anticancer mechanism.
Precise Regulation of the Reverse Intersystem Crossing Pathway by Hybridized Long‐Short Axis Strategy for High‐Performance Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitters
Authors: Liu Futong , Cheng Zhuang , Dong Wei , Yan Yan , Xu Yangze , Su Zihan , Hu Yin , Wan Liang , Lu Ping
Published: October 2024

Multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) molecules have experienced great success in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) owing to their outstanding quantum efficiencies and narrow full width at half‐maximums (FWHMs). However, the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rates of MR‐TADF emitters are usually small, which will lead to relatively long triplet exciton lifetime and severe efficiency roll‐off. Here, we report an effective molecular design strategy to introduce multichannel RISC pathways and thus increase RISC rates without compromising the color fidelity and emission efficiency by the “hybridized long‐short axis (HLSA)” strategy. The TPA‐CN‐BN shows a near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield, rapid RISC rate of 1.4×105 s−1, narrow FWHM of 23 nm, and small singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST) of 0.06 eV in solution. The non‐sensitized OLED based on TPA‐CN‐BN exhibits a narrowband emission with the FWHM of 31 nm, in company with external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 37.9 %. Notably, the device exhibits the low efficiency roll‐off as the EQEs maintain 34.8 % and 21.8 % at 100 and 1000 cd m−2, respectively, representing the best performance for single‐host OLEDs based on the BCzBN skeleton. This study provides a fresh and promising approach to realize high‐performance OLEDs with high color purity and remarkable device efficiency.
A Mechanical Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Stiffens Tumor Cells to Potentiate Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Zhao Yu , Hou Xiaoxue , Wang Zeyu , Peng Shiyu , Zheng Chunxiong , Huang Qingqing , Ma Yufei , Li Yuanfeng , Liu Yong , Liu Yang , Shi Linqi , Huang Fan
Published: October 2024

Tumor progression is associated with tumor‐cell softening. Improving the stiffness of the tumor cells can make them more vulnerable to lymphocyte‐mediated attack. Tumor cell membranes typically exhibit higher cholesterol levels than normal cells, making tumor cells soft. Herein, we demonstrate a mechanical immune checkpoint inhibitor (MICI) formulated by cyclodextrin (CD) lipids and fusogenic lipids. Through fusing CD lipids into the tumor cell membrane using a fusogenic liposome formulation, the cholesterol in the plasma membrane is reduced due to the specific host–guest interactions between CD lipid and cholesterol. As a result, tumor cells are stiffened, and the activation of lymphocytes (including NK and cytotoxic effector T cells) is improved when contacting the stiffened tumor cells, characterized by robust degranulation and effector cytokine production. Notably, this treatment has negligible influence on the infiltration and proliferation of lymphocytes in tumor tissues, confirming that the enhanced antitumor efficacy should result from activating a specific number of lymphocytes caused by direct regulation of the tumor cell stiffness. The combination of MICIs and clinical immunotherapies enhances the lymphocyte‐mediated antitumor effects in two tumor mouse models, including breast cancer and melanoma. Our research also reveals an unappreciated mechanical dimension to lymphocyte activation.
In silico and in vitro evaluation of a PE38 and Nb‐based recombinant immunotoxin targeting the GRP78 receptor in cancer cells
Authors: Khoshbakht Mona , Forghanifard Mohammad Mahdi , Aghamollaei Hossein , Amani Jafar
Published: October 2024

Cancer is a global health problem despite the most developed therapeutic modalities. The delivery of specific therapeutic agents to a target increases the effectiveness of cancer treatment by reducing side effects and post‐treatment issues.

Our aim in this study was to design a recombinant protein consisting of nanobody molecules and exotoxin that targets the surface GRP78 receptor on tumor cells. Bioinformatics methods make drug design and recombinant protein evaluation much easier before the laboratory steps.

Two constructs were designed from a single‐variable domain on heavy chain nanobody domains and PE toxin domains II, Ib, and III. The physicochemical properties, secondary structure, and solubility of the chimeric protein were analyzed using different software. Prostate cancer DU‐145 and breast cancer MDA‐MB‐468 cell lines were used as GRP78‐positive and negative controls, respectively. Accordingly, the cytotoxicity, binding affinity, cell internalization, and apoptosis were evaluated using MTT, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot. The results showed that in the DU‐145 cell line, the cytotoxicity of two recombinant immunotoxins is dose and time‐dependent. In MDA‐MB‐468 and HEK‐293 cells, such an event does not occur. It is possible that two constructs designed for immunotoxins can attach to GRP78‐positive cancer cells and then eradicate cancer cells by internalization and apoptosis. As our in vitro results were in line with in silico data confirming the Bioinformatics predictions, it can be concluded that the designed recombinant immunotoxins may exhibit therapeutic potential against GRP78‐positive tumor cells.
Vom Abriss zum Neubau: Die Hahnwaldbücke in Niedernhausen
Authors: Schölch Udo , Wetzel Timm , Ramolla Thomas , Keller Thorsten , Schmitz Andreas , Cemhan Sinan
Published: October 2024

Bei dem Ersatzneubau im Zuge der L 3027 handelt es sich um eine Straßenbrücke über elf Bahngleise im Ortskern von Niedernhausen mit einer Stützweite von 73 m. Die Planung erfolgte unter hohem Zeitdruck, da die Bestandsbrücke noch vor Erreichen der Restnutzungsdauer wegen Pfeilerschiefstellungen außer Betrieb genommen werden musste und ein Ersatz aus verkehrlichen Gründen dringlich war. Da die Sicherheitsanforderungen der Deutschen Bahn (DB) eine Änderung der Konstruktion erfordern, ist das neue Bauwerk als Stabbogenbrücke (mit obenliegendem Tragwerk) ausgebildet. Neben der Anpassung des Bauwerks an den Stand der Technik wurde auch ein Radfahrstreifen im Straßenquerschnitt integriert. Die Herstellung des Überbaus erfolgte aus transportablen Einzelteilen auf einem Montageplatz in etwa 600 m Entfernung oberhalb der Ortslage Niedernhausen. Im Frühjahr 2023 erfolgte der Transport der etwa 600 t schweren Stahlkonstruktion durch den Ort Niedernhausen und anschließend der Einschub über eine Zwischenstützung in die Endlage. Die Bauausführung ab dem Zeitpunkt des Abbruchs der Bestandsbrücke bis zum Einschub der neuen Stabbogenbrücke dauerte von September 2021 bis Juni 2023. Mit dem vorliegenden Bericht soll der Bogen ausgehend von den Herausforderungen des Erhaltungsmanagements für die Bestandsbrücke über die Planung des Ersatzneubaus bis zur Bauausführung und Verkehrsfreigabe gespannt werden.
Thermal Runaway of Na‐Ion Batteries with Na3V2O2(PO4)2F Cathodes
Authors: Zakharchenko Tatiana K. , Nikiforov Dmitriy I. , Serdyukov Georgiy D. , Komissarov Pavel V. , Shkuratov Mikhail O. , Dzuban Alexander V. , Lakienko Grigorii P. , Gordienko Yuriy A. , Yashina Lada V. , Itkis Daniil M.
Published: October 2024

The metal‐ion battery manufacturing growth rates increase attention to the safety issues. For promising sodium‐ion batteries, this topic has been studied in much less detail than for the lithium‐ion ones. Here, we explored the thermal runaway process of Na‐ion pouch cells with the Na3V2O2(PO4)2F (NVOPF)‐based cathode. The thermal runaway onset temperature for such cells is noticeably higher than that for the NMC‐based LIBs. We show that thermal runaway is triggered by the anode and the separator decomposition rather than by the processes at the cathode. The composition of the gas mixture released during thermal runaway process is similar to that for Li‐ion batteries. The results suggest that sodium‐ion batteries based on polyanionic cathodes can pave the way to safer metal‐ion energy storage technologies.
Flexible Micro‐Supercapacitors with Enhanced Energy Density Utilizing Flash Lamp Annealed Graphene‐Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrodes
Authors: Myung Yusik , Kim TaeYoung
Published: October 2024

As demand for micro‐power sources grows, micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) have become critical for miniaturized devices, offering robust electrochemical energy storage. However, the challenge remains to develop a simple, scalable fabrication method that achieves both high energy and power densities. In this study, we present a refined approach to fabricating MSCs with 3D interconnected graphene/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite electrodes. Our method combines flash lamp annealing (FLA) and laser ablation, where FLA converts graphene oxide (GO) and CNT composite films into 3D‐structured graphene/CNT electrodes, and laser ablation precisely patterns them into interdigitated designs. This dual‐process technique produces MSCs with exceptional electrochemical performance, including an impressive areal capacitance of 26.11 mF/cm2 and a volumetric capacitance of 31.88 F/cm3. These devices also achieve energy densities of 3.72 μWh/cm2 and 4.43 mWh/cm3, maintaining 97 % of their initial capacitance under extreme bending, demonstrating outstanding mechanical flexibility and durability. Furthermore, the scalability of this method was validated by configuring MSCs in series and parallel, achieving enhanced voltage and current outputs without additional interconnections. Overall, the integration of FLA and laser ablation holds significant promise for advancing the performance and scalability of micro‐sized energy storage devices, addressing the growing need for efficient, flexible, and high‐capacity micro‐power sources.
Errichtung modularisierter Schalendächer mit vorgespannten Trockenfugen
Authors: Hofmann Felix , Hägle Marius , Stark Alexander
Published: October 2024

Die in den letzten Jahrzehnten exponentiell angestiegene Betonproduktion hat einen hohen Rohstoffverbrauch und einen großen Anteil an den weltweiten CO2‐Emissionen zur Folge. Für einen schonenderen Ressourceneinsatz können materialeffiziente Strukturen wie Schalentragwerke, die an den Kraftverlauf angepasst sind, zugrunde gelegt werden. Aufgrund ihrer gekrümmten Geometrie ist die Herstellung von Schalentragwerken häufig aufwendig. Das modulare Bauen mit industriell vorproduzierten Betonbauteilen kann dabei einen Beitrag zu effizienteren Produktions‐ und Errichtungsprozessen leisten, sodass Vorteile der Vorfertigung mit den Vorteilen materialeffizienter Tragstrukturen kombiniert werden. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept zur Modularisierung von einfach gekrümmten Schalentragwerken vorgestellt und eine Methode zur schnellen Errichtung gekrümmter Strukturen mit vorproduzierten einzelnen Fertigteilen und vorgespannten Trockenfugen aufgezeigt. Die Machbarkeit wird mit experimentellen Untersuchungen demonstriert.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Computer‐Assisted Cytology in a Primary hrHPV‐Based Cervical Cancer Screening Programme
Authors: Olthof Ellen M. G. , Kaljouw S. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Uyterlinde Anne M. , de Kok Inge M. C. M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Computer‐assisted screening (CAS) shows equal performance compared to manual screening, although results are heterogeneous. Furthermore, using CAS may save costs through a potentially increased screening productivity of technicians, therefore also offering a solution for temporary and structural capacity shortage. We evaluated the circumstances under which CAS will be cost‐effective compared to manual cytology triage in a primary HPV‐based cervical screening programme.

Methods

Microsimulation model MISCAN‐Cervix was used to evaluate 198 different CAS scenarios with varying probabilities to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) and CIN3 and cost reductions per test, compared to manual cytology triage. Cost‐effectiveness was evaluated by costs per (quality‐adjusted) life year ((QA)LY) gained.

Results

CAS will be cost‐effective in all scenarios, except for the following combinations: (1) no cost reduction and an increased probability of detecting CIN1, (2) a cost reduction of €2 per test and an increased probability of detecting CIN1 from 4% onwards or (3) a cost reduction of €4 per test and an increased probability of detecting CIN1 from 6% onwards, compared to manual cytology triage. All CAS scenarios with any reduction in the probability of detecting CIN1 (i.e., increased CIN2+ specificity), or a reduction in costs from €6 per test onwards suggested a more cost‐effective strategy compared to manual cytology triage.

Conclusion

As we based our analysis on a realistic range in costs and test performance, the implementation of CAS is likely to be cost‐effective. Our results can be used as a guideline to advise when to choose CAS instead of manual cytology triage.
Which Moments Matter Most? Investigating Boundary Conditions of the Effect of Specific Moments on Overall Evaluations of Customer Experiences
Authors: Blečić Aleksandar , Kuester Sabine
Published: October 2024

Customer experience (CE) often occurs as a temporal sequence of events that unfold over time. This research investigates the circumstances under which specific moments in the temporal sequence of a CE, such as the beginning or the end, have a disproportionate effect on customers' overall CE evaluations. Specifically, this research explores two boundary conditions of the effect of specific moments: incident valence and perceived control. The results of three scenario experiments, conducted with consumers in two contexts (hedonic and utilitarian), reveal that negative incidents at the end of a CE disproportionately influence overall CE evaluations across these different service contexts, demonstrating recency effects. However, these recency effects do not occur for positive incidents and are only present for individuals with heightened perceived control. Our findings address recent calls to further explore the role of timing and valence in CE evaluations and provide novel insights into the moderating role of perceived control on the effect of specific moments on overall CE evaluations. This research also offers practical guidance to help managers design more effective CEs.
Rotigaptide inhibits spontaneous contractions of gastric smooth muscle in diabetic rats via the PKCα‐Cx43 pathway
Authors: Changri Lu , Sun Haibei , Bao Yitegele , Zhang Mohan
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to investigate the effect of rotigaptide (ZP123) on spontaneous contractions of gastric smooth muscle in diabetic rats and explore the underlying mechanisms. Twelve rats were randomly divided into model and normal control groups. Changes in gastric smooth muscle spontaneous contractions in each group were observed. Western blot analysis was performed to detect Cx43 and PKCα expression. Rat gastric smooth muscle cells were cultured in vitro and divided into normal glucose, high glucose and high glucose+rotigaptide group. The intracellular Ca2+ content was observed by immunofluorescence. The amplitude and frequency of gastric smooth muscle spontaneous contractions were reduced in the model group than the normal control group (all p < .01), which were reduced after rotigatide treatment than before treatment in the model group (all p < .01). The model+rotigaptide group showed decreased membrane expression of Cx43, increased cytoplasmic expression of Cx43, increased membrane expression of p‐PKCα Thr497 and lower membrane/cytoplasm ratio of Cx43 expression compared with the model group (all p < .01). The intracellular Ca2+ content was increased in the high glucose group than the normal glucose group (p < .01), while no significant difference was observed between the high glucose+rotigaptide and high glucose groups. Our findings suggest that rotigatide can stabilize the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in gastric smooth muscle cells under high glucose condition by upregulating PKCα activity and downregulating the number of GJs and the opening rate of GJ hemichannels through the PKCα‐Cx43 pathway, thus inhibiting spontaneous contractions of gastric smooth muscle in diabetic rats.
Photoinduced Self‐assembly: An Alternative Strategy for the Construction of Coordination Oligomers and Polymers
Authors: Honda Takuma , Hirake Takumi , Kondo Mio , Masaoka Shigeyuki , Fujimori Keiichi , Moriuchi‐Kawakami Takayo , Hirahara Masanari
Published: October 2024

Self‐assembled oligonuclear and polynuclear complexes have numerous functionalities and potential applications. Generally, such compounds have been constructed by thermal substitution reactions with bridging ligands. Herein, we report bottom‐up and photochemical construction of functional coordination oligomers and polymers by photosubstitution‐induced self‐assembly. The photosubstitution reactions of a ruthenium precursor complex with bridging ligands having pyrazole moieties afford mono‐, di‐, tri‐, tetra‐, and pentanuclear ruthenium complexes, Ru1–Ru5, which have one‐dimensional architectures. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding between each bridging ligand is a key to construct the molecular nanowires. All the complexes have been isolated and thoroughly characterized. The photochemically synthesized ruthenium complexes act as synthons for longer metal‐complex‐based nanowires with a length of the order of tens‐of nanometers. The multinuclear complexes are generated by photoinduced self‐assembly in the presence of a base, and they undergo photoinduced disassembly in the presence of acid.