bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Positive Reinforcement Theory on Weightlifter’s Performance
Authors: Fayyaz Saqib , Afsheen Sabahat , Khan Adeel
Published: December 2021

A common problem was observed at local level weightlifting clubs in Lahore, Pakistan i.e., coaches use inappropriate ways (shouting and abusing) to get desired performance results but, it ends in young weightlifter’s resentment and take them away from their sport targets and some choose to quit weightlifting sport as well. The existing literature about acquiring desired results in sports suggests; only positive approach can be useful i.e., Positive Reinforcement Theory ‘PRT’ developed by B F Skinner (Marzieh Gordan, 2014). Hence, in this applied deductive type quantitative study, an eight-week experiment was conducted in Lahore which tested the implications of Positive Reinforcement Theory on young weightlifters’ performance. The objectives of this study were; (a) to apply Positive Reinforcement Theory in weightlifting sport to examine the cause-and-effect relationship between positive reinforcement and young weightlifter’s performance, (b) to test if the study’s Positive Reinforcement Program ‘PRP’ model helps young weightlifters to achieve desired targets within given timeframe or not? At first, pre-competition was administered to record standard performance results of both groups. Secondly, ‘PRP’ Model based on ‘PRT’ was introduced to experimental group and then post-competition testing was conducted to record and compare performance results of both groups. The results of both groups’ Paired Sample t-test and Independent Sample t-test, using statistical package SPSS version 23, showed a significant impact of ‘PRP’ model on the young weightlifter’s performance. Therefore, it is concluded that; acquisition of young weightlifters’ desired performance results. Coaches should use ‘PRP’ model rather than applying inappropriate ways to motivate young weightlifters. The PRP model also helps young weightlifters to achieve their targeted performance results within given timeframe.
Pattern of Facebook Usage and its Impacts on Physical Activity
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Mehmood Faisal , Ahmad Bilal
Published: December 2021

Objectives:  The study was to find out the relationship between Facebook usage and participation in physical activities.

Methods: During the year 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 identified students from 5000 in the faculty of Allied Health Science at the University of Lahore, Pakistan. According to this survey use the technique of convenience sampling, after the formula of sampling by Yamane (1967). All of the questioners of the independent and the dependent variable are used for the measure Facebook addiction of the participation in physical activity.

Results: Demographic data male participation 134 (53.6%) and 116 (46%) females in this study. The relationship among variables is .11, which is significant at p> .001. This result shows that there is a greater than a 0.1% chance that the independent variable (F.B) affects participation in the physical activity. The study reveals the limited benefits excessive use of Facebook is a little effect on participation in physical activity.

Conclusion: As per this result, the limited benefits excessive use of Facebook is a little effect on participation in physical activity; another aspect may be an effect on the participation on the physical activity like social, educational, behavioral and economic, etc.
Effect of Playing Venue on Hormonal Responses and Psychological State of Inter-University Volleyball Players
Authors: Tabassum Yasmeen , Butt Muhammad Zafar Iqbal , Roohi Nabila
Published: December 2021

The home advantage is a powerful wonder that happens in the realm of amateur and professional games where most teams win more than 50% of matches. The present study compared the effects of playing venue on hormonal responses and psychological state of inter-university volleyball players at home and away ground. A total of 96 male players age, 18 to 24 years from eight different public and private universities were selected as the subject in this study. Matches were scheduled in such a manner so that each team would play one match on home ground and one on away ground. The results of this study showed that a 13% reduction in the testosterone level of players was seen on the opponent’s home ground before playing the match, whereas, 18% elevation in cortisol level of players was recorded on the opponent’s home ground before-match. Psychological measures indicated that players’ cognitive and somatic anxiety levels were increased on away ground (10% and 13%, respectively) whereas, their self-confidence level declined  by 17% on an opponent’s home ground before the commencement of the match. The present study supports the notion that there are differences in pre-competition hormonal and psychological states that may play a key role in ‘the home advantage’ which could affect players’ behavior and match outcomes.
KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF SISWA PADA KONSEP SISTEM GERAK MANUSIA MELALUI MEDIA CHARTA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 CIKUPA KABUPATEN TANGERANG
Authors: DEWI DEDEK MARTHA
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the cognitive abilities of students on the material system of motion in humans through charta media in class VIII E students of SMP Negeri 1 Cikupa, Tangerang Regency. The method used is descriptive quantitative. The population in this study were all eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Cikupa, Tangerang Regency, in the 2014/2015 academic year. The sample used is class VIII E consisting of 40 people. The data collection technique was carried out by purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using pretest-posttest. The instrument used is an objective test in the form of multiple choice to measure cognitive ability. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the use of charta learning media can increase the value of cognitive abilities of class VIII E students of SMP Negeri 1 Cikupa, Tangerang Regency.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan kognitif siswa pada materi system gerak pada manusia melalui media charta pada siswa kelas VIII E SMP Negeri 1 Cikupa Kabupaten Tangerang. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Cikupa Kabupaten Tangerang tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu siswa kelas VIII E yang terdiri dari 40 orang. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan secara purpose sampling. Tenik pengumpulan data menggunakan pretest-postest. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes objektif berupa pilihan ganda untuk mengukur kemampuan kognitif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran charta dapat meningkatkan nilai kemampuan kognitif siswa kelas VIII E SMP Negeri 1 Cikupa Kabupaten Tangerang.
First insights into northern Africa high-altitude background aerosol chemical composition and source influences
Authors: Deabji Nabil , Fomba Khanneh Wadinga , El Hajjaji Souad , Mellouki Abdelwahid , Poulain Laurent , Zeppenfeld Sebastian , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Field measurements were conducted to determine aerosol chemical
composition at a newly established remote high-altitude site in North
Africa at the Atlas Mohammed V (AMV) atmospheric observatory located in the
Middle Atlas Mountains. The main objectives of the present work are to
investigate the variations in the aerosol composition and better assess
global and regional changes in atmospheric composition in North Africa. A
total of 200 particulate matter (PM10) filter samples were collected at the site using a high-volume (HV) collector in a 12 h sampling interval from August to December 2017. The chemical composition of the samples was analyzed for trace metals, water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC/EC), aliphatic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents. The results indicate that high-altitude aerosol composition is influenced
by both regional and transregional transport of emissions. However,
local sources play an important role, especially during low wind speed
periods, as observed for November and December. During background conditions characterized by low wind speeds (avg. 3 m s−1) and mass concentrations in the range from 9.8 to 12 µg m−3, the
chemical composition is found to be dominated by inorganic elements, mainly
suspended dust (61 %) and ionic species (7 %), followed by organic
matter (7 %), water content (12 %), and unidentified mass (11 %).
Despite the proximity of the site to the Sahara, its influence on the atmospheric composition at this high-altitude site was mainly seasonal and accounted for only 22 % of the sampling duration. Biogenic organics
contributed up to 7 % of the organic matter with high contributions from compounds such as heneicosane, hentriacontane, and nonacosane. The AMV site is dominated by four main air mass inflows, which often leads to different aerosol chemical compositions. Mineral dust influence was seasonal and ranged between 21 % and 74 % of the PM mass, with peaks observed during the summer, and was accompanied by high concentrations of SO42- of up to 3.0 µg m−3. During winter, PM10 concentrations are low (<30 µg m−3),
the influence of the desert is weaker, and the marine air masses (64 %)
are more dominant with a mixture of sea salt and polluted aerosol from the
coastal regions (Rabat and Casablanca). During the daytime, mineral dust
contribution to PM increased by about 42 % because of road dust
resuspension. In contrast, during nighttime, an increase in the
concentrations of alkanes, PAHs, alkane-2-ones, and anthropogenic metals
such as Pb, Ni, and Cu was found due to variations in the boundary layer
height. The results provide the first detailed seasonal and diurnal
variation of the aerosol chemical composition, which is valuable for long-term
assessment of climate and regional influence of air pollution in North
Africa.
The MOPITT Version 9 CO Product: Sampling Enhancements and Validation
Authors: Deeter Merritt , Francis Gene , Gille John , Mao Debbie , Martínez-Alonso Sara , Worden Helen , Ziskin Dan , Drummond James , Commane Roísín , Diskin Glenn , McKain Kathryn
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Characteristics of the Version 9 (V9) MOPITT ("Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere") satellite retrieval product for tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) are described. The new V9 product includes many CO retrievals over land which, in previous MOPITT product versions, would have been discarded by the cloud detection algorithm. Globally, the number of daytime MOPITT retrievals over land has increased by 30–40 % relative to the Version 8 product, although the increase in retrieval coverage exhibits significant geographical variability. Areas benefiting from the improved cloud detection performance include (but are not limited to) source regions often characterized by high aerosol concentrations. The V9 MOPITT product also incorporates a modified calibration strategy for the MOPITT near-infrared (NIR) CO channels, resulting in greater temporal consistency for the NIR-only and thermal infrared-near infrared (TIR-NIR) retrieval variants. Validation results based on in-situ CO profiles acquired from aircraft in a variety of contexts indicate that retrieval biases for V9 are typically within the range of ±5 % and are generally comparable to results for the V8 product.
DARCLOS: a cloud shadow detection algorithm for TROPOMI
Authors: Trees Victor , Wang Ping , Stammes Piet , Tilstra Lieuwe G. , Donovan David P. , Siebesma A. Pier
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Cloud shadows are observed by the TROPOMI satellite instrument as a result of its high spatial resolution as compared to its predecessor instruments. These shadows contaminate TROPOMI's air quality measurements, because shadows are generally not taken into account in the models that are used for aerosol and trace gas retrievals. If the shadows are to be removed from the data, or if shadows are to be studied, an automatic detection of the shadow pixels is needed. We present the Detection AlgoRithm for CLOud Shadows (DARCLOS) for TROPOMI, which is the first cloud shadow detection algorithm for a spaceborne spectrometer. DARCLOS raises potential cloud shadow flags (PCSFs), and actual cloud shadow flags (ACSFs). The PCSFs indicate the TROPOMI ground pixels that are potentially affected by cloud shadows based on a geometric consideration with safety margins. The ACSFs are a refinement of the PCSFs using spectral reflectance information of the PCSF pixels, and identify the TROPOMI ground pixels that are confidently affected by cloud shadows. We validate DARCLOS with true color images made by the VIIRS instrument on board of Suomi NPP orbiting in close constellation with TROPOMI on board of Sentinel 5-P. We conclude that the PCSF can be used to exclude cloud shadow contamination from TROPOMI data, while the ACSF can be used to select pixels for the scientific analysis of cloud shadow effects.
Traceable total ozone column retrievals from direct solar spectral irradiance measurements in the ultraviolet
Authors: Egli Luca , Gröbner Julian , Hülsen Gregor , Schill Herbert , Stübi René
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Total column ozone (TCO) is commonly measured by Brewer and Dobson spectroradiometers. Both types of instruments are using four wavelengths in the ultraviolet radiation range to derive TCO. For the calibration and quality assurance of the measured TCO both instrument types require periodic field comparisons with a reference instrument. This study presents traceable TCO retrievals from direct solar spectral irradiance measurements with the portable UV reference instrument QASUME. TCO is retrieved by a spectral fitting technique derived by a minimal least square fit algorithm using spectral measurements in the wavelength range between 305 nm and 345 nm. The retrieval is based on an atmospheric model accounting for different atmospheric parameters such as effective ozone temperature, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering, SO2, ground air pressure, ozone absorption cross sections and top-of-atmosphere solar spectrum. Traceability means, that the QASUME instrument is fully characterized and calibrated in the laboratory to SI standards (International System of Units). The TCO retrieval method from this instrument is independent from any reference instrument and does not require periodic in situ field calibration. The results show that TCO from QASUME can be retrieved with a relative standard uncertainty of less than 0.8 %, when accounting for all possible uncertainties from the measurements and the retrieval model, such as different cross sections, different reference solar spectra, uncertainties from effective ozone temperature or other atmospheric parameters. The long-term comparison of QASUME TCO with a Brewer and a Dobson in Davos, Switzerland, reveals, that all three instruments are consistent within 1 % when using the ozone absorption cross section from the University of Bremen. From the results and method presented here, other absolute SI calibrated cost effective solar spectroradiometers, such as array spectroradiometers, may be applied for traceable TCO monitoring.
Look−up tables resolved by complex refractive index to correct particle sizes measured by common research−grade optical particle counters
Authors: Formenti Paola , Di Biagio Claudia , Huang Yue , Kok Jasper , Mallet Marc Daniel , Boulanger Damien , Cazaunau Mathieu
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Optical particle counters (OPC) are widely used to measure the aerosol particle number size distribution at atmospheric ambient conditions and over a large size range. Their measurement principle is based on the dependence of light scattering on particle size. However, this dependence is not monotonic at all sizes and light scattering also depends on the particle composition (i.e., the complex refractive index, CRI) and morphology. Therefore, the conversion of the measured scattered intensity to the desired particle size depends on the microphysical properties of the sampled aerosol population and might not be unique at all sizes. While these complexities have been addressed before, corrections are typically applied ad-hoc and are not standardised. This paper addresses this issue by providing a consistent and extended database of pre−computed correction factors for a wide range of complex refractive index values representing the composition variability of atmospheric aerosols. These correction factors are calculated for five different commercial OPCs (USHAS, PCASP, FSSP, GRIMM and its airborne version Sky− GRIMM, CDP) by assuming Mie theory for homogeneous spherical particles, and by varying the real part of the CRI between 1.33 and 1.75 in steps of 0.01 and the imaginary part between 0.0 and 0.4 in steps of 0.001. Correction factors for mineral dust are provided at the CRI of 1.53 – 0.003i and account for the asphericity of these particles. The datasets described in this paper are distributed at open-access repository: https://doi.org/10.25326/234 (license CC BY, Formenti et al., 2021) maintained by the French national center for Atmospheric data and services AERIS to data users/geophysicists who number size distribution measurements from OPC for their research on atmospheric aerosols. Application and caveats of the CRI-corrections factors are presented and discussed. The dataset presented in this paper is not only useful for correcting the size distribution from an OPC when the particle refractive index is known, but even when only assumptions can be made. Furthermore, this dataset can be useful in calculating uncertainties or sensitivities of aerosol volume/mass/extinction from OPCs given no or limited knowledge of refractive index.
Snow Water Equivalent Change Mapping from Slope Correlated InSAR Phase Variations
Authors: Eppler Jayson , Rabus Bernhard T. , Morse Peter
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Area-based measurements of snow water equivalent (SWE) are important for understanding earth system processes such as glacier mass balance, winter hydrological storage in drainage basins and ground thermal regimes. Remote sensing techniques are ideally suited for wide-scale area-based mapping with the most commonly used technique to measure SWE being passive-microwave, which is limited to coarse spatial resolutions of 25 km or greater, and to areas without significant topographic variation. Passive-microwave also has a negative bias for large SWE. Repeat-pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) as an alternate technique allows measurement of SWE change at much higher spatial resolution. However, it has not been widely adopted because: (1) the phase unwrapping problem has not been robustly addressed, especially for interferograms with poor coherence and; (2) SWE change maps scaled directly from repeat-pass interferograms are not an absolute measurement but contain unknown offsets for each contiguous coherent area. We develop and test a novel method for repeat-pass InSAR based dry-snow SWE estimation that exploits the sensitivity of the dry-snow refraction-induced InSAR phase to topographic variations. The method robustly estimates absolute SWE change at spatial resolutions of < 1 km, without the need for phase unwrapping. We derive a quantitative signal model for this new SWE change estimator and identify the relevant sources of bias. The method is demonstrated using both simulated SWE distributions and a 9-year RADARSAT-2 spotlight-mode dataset near Inuvik, NWT, Canada. SWE results are compared to in situ snow survey measurements and estimates from ERA5 reanalysis. Our method performs well in high-relief areas and in areas with high SWE (> 150 mm), thus providing complementary coverage to other passive- and active-microwave based SWE estimation methods. Further, our method has the advantage of requiring only a single wavelength band and thus can utilize existing spaceborne synthetic aperture radar systems. In application, a first order analysis of SWE trends within three drainage basins suggests that differences between basin-level accumulations are a function of major landcover types, and that re-vegetation following a forest-tundra fire that occurred over 50 years ago continues to affect the spatial distribution of SWE accumulation in the study area.
Yerinde Yaşlanma ve Yerel Yönetim Uygulamaları: İstanbul Örneği
Authors: KURTKAPAN Hamza , ŞENTÜRK Murat
Published: December 2021

Yerinde yaşlanma, alışılan çevrede olabildiğince uzun süre yaşamını sürdürerek yaşlanmayı ifade etmektedir. Kentleşme süreci dolaylı biçimde yaşlıların yerinde yaşlanmalarını zorlaştırmaktadır. Kentsel alanlarda yerinde yaşlanmanın sürekliliği için bu sürecin yaşlılar için ortaya çıkardığı olumsuzlukları tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Yerinde yaşlanmanın gerçekleşebilmesi için yerel yönetimlerin ailenin yaşlılara yönelik bazı sorumluluklarını paylaşması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul’da ilçe yerel yönetim hizmetlerinin yerinde yaşlanma sürecine ne tür bir katkı sağladığını ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmaktadır. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenoloji nitel araştırma deseni kullanılarak, yerel yönetim aktörleriyle 30 adet yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yapılmıştır. Veriler betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yerel yönetimlerin yaşlılara yönelik hizmetler aracılığıyla ailenin yaşlılara yönelik bazı sorumluklarının paylaşılması yerinde yaşlanma sürecine olumlu katkı yaptığı söylenebilir. Araştırmada yerel yönetimlerin yalnız yaşayan yaşlıların ya da aile ve akrabalarıyla kalan yaşlıların bazı temel ihtiyaçlarını destekleme noktasında kritik bir role sahip olabilecekleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kentlerde yerel yönetimlerin yaşlı kişisel bakım ve sağlık hizmetleri, evlere sıcak yemek servisi gibi faaliyetlerinin yerinde yaşlanmayı kolaylaştıracağı söylenebilir. Bu hizmetler yaşlıların sosyal ve fiziksel çevrelerinde kopmadan yaşlanmalarına yardımcı olacaktır. Yaşlılara yönelik hizmetlerin güvenilir kaynaklar tarafından sunulması yaşlıların huzurlu, sağlıklı şekilde yaşlanabilmelerine hizmet edebilir. Bu çerçevede kamusal boyuta sahip yerel yönetimlerin yaşlı ve yaşlı aileleri ile iş birliği içerisinde yaşlılara sunacağı hizmetler yaşlıların kendilerini daha güvende ve mutlu hissetmelerini sağlayacaktır. Yaşlanma sürecinin ortaya çıkardığı dezavantajlara bağlı biçimde olarak geleneksel anlamda aile bireylerinin üstlendikleri yaşlı bakımı sorumluluklarının önemli bir kısmının yerel yönetimlerce paylaşılması gerekmektedir.
Factors Associated with Adherence to Antiretroviral Drugs among HIV Positive Patients Attending Selected Comprehensive Care Centers in Semi-Urban, Kenya
Authors: Ochieng Martin Owuor , Kikuvi Gideon , Mokaya Daniel
Published: December 2021

Management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is multipronged but its nerve centre is lifelong adequate and consistent use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). The overall objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral drugs among HIV positive patients attending selected Comprehensive Care Centres (CCC) in Kibwezi West Sub-county, Makueni County, Kenya. 385 respondents were recruited by systematic random sampling and interviewed. Three Focused Group Discussions (FGD) and two Key Informant Interviews (KII) were also conducted. Majority 364(94.5%) of the respondents were adherent to ARVs. There was a significant association between adherence to ARVs and gender {χ 2 (1) =4.636, p<0.05} with males likely to have poor adherence {OR 0.174 (95%CI 0.130, 0.233)}. Age was significantly associated with adherence {Likelihood Ratio G2 (4) =10.693, p<0.05} with older ages (above 65 years) likely to adhere. Living in the same house with someone on ARVs was significantly associated with adherence to ARVs {χ 2 (1) =3.997 p=<0.05} with respondents living in the same house with someone on ARVs likely to adhere {OR 0.144 (95%CI 0.103, 0.200)}. Majority of the respondents had adequate knowledge and positive attitude towards adherence to ARVs. FGDs and KIIs identified fear, stigma, not believing in oneself, participating in activities that hamper adherence such as drinking alcohol, ignorance, denial, lack of social support, busy work schedule poor attitude by health service providers, drug stock outs, distance and long waiting time as contributing to poor adherence to ARVs. In conclusion, constant education and awareness creation on importance of adherence to ARVs should be strengthened particularly during clinic appointments to maintain knowledge and enhance positive attitude towards adherence. Measures to improve adherence among the male and younger population should be strengthened.

Key words: adherence, antiretrovirals age, gender, knowledge, attitude.
MANAJEMEN KURIKULUM ADAPTIF DALAM MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIFITAS PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Wahyudi Shokhif Mas'ud
Published: December 2021

Learning in emergency conditions cannot be carried out as usual, however, students still get education and learning services, namely through distance learning by carrying out learning activities from home. The purpose of this paper is to describe the governance of the adaptive curriculum model of the education unit in improving effective learning adapted to the conditions and needs of the school/madrasah. The method used is a qualitative method with a library research approach. The results of the adaptive curriculum development model are divided into three, namely: 1) General curriculum model (regular). 2) General curriculum model with modifications. 3) Individualized curriculum model Effective learning if teaching activities can achieve the objectives according to the initial planning. Learning is said to be effective when students can absorb the subject matter and efficiently. Emergency learning models include: Project Based Learning, online Method, Offline Method, Home Visit Method, Integrated Curriculum, Blended Learning.
MANAJEMEN SPIRITUAL DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL MUNAWWIR KRAPYAK YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Zamroni Zamroni , Pratama Dian Arif Noor , Riswadi Riswadi
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to analyze the mapping of spiritual management process in Pondok Pesantren Al-Munawwir Kolplek L Krapyak Yogyakarta. The type of research used is qualitatively descriptive with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observations and documentation. Spiritual management makes a bridge to the peak consciousness of human self existence in the vertical line called fitrah awareness, one consciousness that is tawhid. Management concept is understood not only to be empirical-rational by relying on the ability of the five senses and human intellectuality, but more deeply to the values of spirituality that are the main center in success with various aspects of life. The results showed that Pondok Pesantren Al Munawwir Kompleks L implemented a pesantren management system that emphasizes managerial and applies spiritual values in its management through programs realized to achieve more comprehensive and holistic goals, namely through 1) takhalli management; 2) tahalli management; 3) tajalli management.
Improving the Technology for the Production of Fruit Distillates Based on Innovative Approaches to Fractional Distillation of Apple Wine Materials
Authors: Кулагова Екатерина Петровна , Моргунова Елена Михайловна , Шепшелев Александр Анатольевич , Пушкарь Александр Александрович
Published: December 2021

В настоящей статье научно обоснован прием сокращения количества образующейся головной фракции при фракционной перегонке. В том числе научно обоснована перспективность повторного применения нового побочного продукта фракционной перегонки, промежуточной фракции, в технологии изготовления яблочных (фруктовых) или кальвадосных дистиллятов. Представлен сравнительный анализ состава головной фракции, полученной в процессе фракционной перегонки с выделением и применением и без выделения и применения промежуточной фракции с учетом требований технических нормативно-правовых актов. Подтверждена целесообразность проведения процесса фракционной перегонки с отбором четырех фракций вместо трех, характерных для классической технологии производства фруктовых дистиллятов.

In this material is scientifically justified the method of reducing the amount of the resulting head fraction during fractional distillation. Scientifically based the prospects for the repeated application of a new product fractional distillation of an intermediate fraction in the technology of manufacturing fruit distillates. Сomparative analysis is presented of the composition of the head fraction and with / without isolation (s) and with / without the use (s) of an intermediate fraction, following the technical requirements. The expediency of the process has been proved with the selection of four instead of three fractions characteristic of the classical technology of production of fruit distillates.
Giải pháp phát triển đội ngũ cán bộ quản lý các trường trung cấp chuyên nghiệp thành phố Đà Lạt, tỉnh Lâm Đồng
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nhàn , Phùng Đình Mẫn
Published: December 2021

Quá trình đổi mới sự nghiệp giáo dục và đào tạo nước ta, Đảng và Nhà nước luôn khẳng định “phát triển đội ngũ giáo viên và cán bộ quản lý là khâu quan trọng nhất”. Từ thực trạng phát triển đội ngũ cán bộ quản lý các trường trung cấp chuyên nghiệp thành phố Đà Lạt, tỉnh Lâm Đồng, bài viết đề xuất bốn giải pháp về quản lý nhân sự trong giáo dục nhằm phát triển đội ngũ cán bộ quản lý đủ về số lượng, mạnh về chất lượng và đồng bộ về cơ cấn tại các trường trung cấp chuyên nghiệp thành phố Đà Lạt đáp ứng yêu cầu đổi mới giáo dục đào tạo hiện nay.
Một số lưu ý về xác suất có điều kiện
Authors: Nguyễn Đình Inh
Published: December 2021

Xác suất có điều kiện là một trong những nội dung cơ bản của Lý thuyết xác suất. Bài viết này phân tích những hạn chế trong một số cách tiếp cận về xác suất có điều kiện thường gặp. Đặc biệt, bài viết đưa ra một cách mô phỏng cho công thức xác suất có điều kiện trong trường hợp tổng quát (các biến cố sơ cấp không nhất thiết đồng khả năng cũng như số biến cố sơ cấp không nhất thiết hữu hạn).
Xác định tỷ lệ nhiễm và chủng virus gây bệnh Gumboro trên gà ở Thái Nguyên
Authors: Đỗ Bích Duệ , Nguyễn Quang Tuyên , Phạm Thị Phương Lan , Chu Thị Thái
Published: December 2021

Điều tra tình hình dịch tễ bệnh Gumboro trên gà nuôi tại Thái Nguyên, kết quả thu được như sau: Tỷ lệ gà mắc bệnh ở Phú Bình (61,88%) cao hơn Đồng Hỷ (55,18%). Tỷ lệ mắc bệnh Gumboro ở gà không tiêm phòng chiếm 77,45%, tiêm vaccine 1 lần chiếm 66,21%, tiêm vaccine 2 lần chiếm 36,52%. Ở phương thức chăn nhốt hoàn toàn, bệnh Gumboro chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất (74,49%). Tỷ lệ mắc bệnh ở giống gà Lương Phượng (72,43%) cao hơn gà Tam Hoàng (65,28%), gà Mía (50,41%) và gà Ri (63,36%). Bệnh mắc chủ yếu ở gà dưới 30 ngày tuổi chiếm tỷ lệ (73,66%). Kiểm tra trên phôi trứng: 90,4% mẫu bệnh phẩm cho kết quả dương tính với virus Gumboro. Chủng virus ĐH65 qua 5 lần phân lập có bệnh tích điển hình, tỷ lệ chết phôi tăng, thời gian chết phôi tập trung từ 48-72 giờ.
Phương hướng nâng cao năng lực tự học, tự nghiên cứu cho sinh viên
Authors: Lê Thị Mỹ Trà
Published: December 2021

Để đáp ứng yêu cầu phương thức đào tạo theo học chế tín chỉ của trường đại học, đòi hỏi giảng viên phải hướng dẫn sinh viên cách học, đồng thời sinh viên phải thay đổi nhận thức và cách học để tạo tính tương tác tốt trong quá trình giảng dạy. Bài viết trình bày một số yếu tố cần quan tâm trong dạy – học tích cực, từ đó đưa ra một số phương hướng giúp nâng cao năng lực tự học, tự nghiên cứu và sáng tạo trong học tập cho sinh viên.
Vận dụng phương pháp lượng giác hóa giải một số bài toán đại số - giải tích trong chương trình toán trung học phổ thông
Authors: Phạm Trọng Thư
Published: December 2021

Bài viết giới thiệu phương pháp lượng giác hóa và vận dụng trong giải một số bài toán đại số - giải tích thuộc chương trình toán trung học phổ thông và các ví dụ minh họa tiêu biểu.
COVID-19’un Ekonomik Etkileri Üzerine Genel Bir İnceleme
Authors: BAKIRTAŞ İbrahim , OZAN Engin Can
Published: December 2021

Bu makalenin amacı, koronavirüs (COVID-19) salgınının ekonomi üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin mevcut araştırmaların yöntemleri, bulguları ve politikalarıyla detaylı şekilde inceleyerek, genel bir değerlendirme sunmak ve bu etkileri en çok vak’a görülen ilk 10 ülkenin zaman serileri grafikleriyle göstermektir. Çalışma, hazırlanan literatür kapsamında salgının ekonomik etkilerini araştırmakta ve bu etkileri azaltmak için önerilen politika önerilerini tartışmaktadır. Hazırlanan literatür araştırmasına göre COVID-19’a bağlı ölümlerin yanı sıra olumsuz makroekonomik göstergeleri üzerinden ekonomik etkilerin de gözlemlendiği kanıtlamaktadır. Bu olumsuz ekonomik etkiler finansal piyasalar, döviz kuru, kamu harcamaları ve enerji fiyatları özelinde incelenmektedir. Bu incelemeler COVID-19 ile mücadelede kullanılacak politika önerilerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına yönelik ipuçları vermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre ulusal ve uluslararası düzeylerde daha fazla politika koordinasyonu COVID-19’un olumsuz ekonomik etkilerini sınırlandırmaktadır.
Ketahanan Entrepreneur Perempuan pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Gainau Paskanova Christi , Rawun Yuli
Published: December 2021

The outbreak of Covid-19 has weakened the performance of micro businesses, especially micro scale women entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs implement various measures to sustain their businesses through the pandemic. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the performance of micro businesses in the city of Manado, North Sulawesi Province. The study uses the sample of 30 micro businesses collected through questionnaires, observations, and interviews with women entrepreneurs with stratified random sampling technique. The collected data was then analyzed with SmartPLS 3.0 M3. The results found that trust and networks have significant influences on the performance of micro businesses during the crisis. The findings imply that businesses need to establish strong relationships with customers as a mean to building trust and networking to enable businesses to survive in the midst of a crisis. In addition, businesses should also improvise their products in times of crisis to maintain the cash flow.Keywords: women entrepreneur; business performance; trust; smartPLS

AbstrakPandemi Covid-19 telah menghambat produktivitas usaha di sektor mikro, tidak terkecuali para pelaku usaha perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kinerja usaha sektor mikro di Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel yang dipilih secara acak yang terdiri dari 30 pelaku usaha mikro perempuan. Data dianalisis menggunakan SmartPLS 3.0 M3, setelah melalui prosespenyebaran kuesioner, observasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa faktor kepercayaan (trust) dan jaringan (network) memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja usaha mikro di masa krisis. Kedua faktor ini sangat penting karena kepercayaan dan jaringan memberikan kemampuan bagi pelaku usaha untuk tetap bertahan di masa krisis. Selain itu, pelaku usaha juga sebaiknya melakukan improvisasi atas produknya dimasa krisis untuk menjaga kelancaran arus kas.
Vaccine hesitancy and its determinants – a way forward?
Authors: Michel Janet , Sauter Thomas C , Tanner Marcel
Published: December 2021

The availability of highly effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines brought about renewed hope worldwide to overcome the pandemic, becoming an integral part of public health measures. However, vaccine hesitance, defined as the reluctance of people to receive the recommended vaccines, threatens to stand in the way. Understanding why people are not taking up the recommended vaccines can assist in strategy development, which is critical for increasing vaccine uptake. Unfortunately, during the pandemic, social media has often been involved in misinformation and misinterpretation of the scarce research data. This has widened the existing chasms in the society, causing strong polarisation of vaccine-uptaking vs vaccine-hesitant people. Confrontation and stigmatisation can turn hesitance into defiance, and this will have additional detrimental effect. Researchers and medical workers must lead the forefront of honest and respectful communication, acknowledging the concerns that vaccine hesitant people have. This is particularly important as most vaccine hesitant people neither have a political agenda nor are they committed to an anti-scientific cause. Although it may sound trivial, public health needs to revert to its roots of teaching medicine to the people.
The Dynamics of Individual Differences in Teaching/Learning of English as a Second/Foreign Language
Authors: Alharbi Sultan H.
Published: December 2021

The subject of individual learner differences (IDs) in English as a Second/Foreign (ESL/EFL) Language teaching and learning is an area which has been much debated and investigated. Since these differences vary according to the geographical or cultural influences of the learners, variations in results and opinions among language instructors are inevitable. However, the indubitable fact is that these differences considerably influence the ESL/EFL language learners’ performances. Individuals are different in personality styles, and these personality styles are influenced by age, cultural background and a whole lot of other factors. These IDs lead to dynamism in language acquisition. The current study thus examined three set of IDs to determine how they affect the learning style preferred by individuals. The individual differences analyzed in this study include: race, exposure to English Language, and personality type (i.e., introvert or extrovert). The study concluded that while race and exposure to English Language affected the preferred learning style significantly as expected English language acquisition, personality style, however, did not have an influence on the preferred learning style for this study sample. IDs are extremely complex, with a large number of variables. As a result, it is critical for researchers as well as English language instructors to identify the source of the problem from a psychological standpoint and consider variables that would aid in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) improvement.
مفهوم الروح في القرآن : دراسة تحليلية
Authors: نسيبة عبد الرحيم محمد عبد الرحيم
Published: December 2021

مفهوم الروح في القرآن : دراسة تحليلية

Spirit humanitarian atom and a single, unified simple, not more and not detract not changed does not change, which is but a moment of puff in the human body to the moment of his appearance in the flesh to the moment of courtyard body to the moment of resurrection, he is God metal one static eternal, everlasting, and he knows his Lord directly, it's a message the word is no God but God, which is accurate in size and amount not considerations of quantity and time, place and density, and therefore the correct light does not weigh him or the form can not be captured only by his secret and native sole Samad.

This spirit is Abdullah deputized and his existence as it is, is a certificate, and he believes that there is one God and that human message, in essence, is a message of oneness.
CATASTROPHIC ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME: DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Жанузаков М.А. , Бапаева М.К. , Джалилова Г.К. , Шурина А.Ж. , Утежанов Э.М.
Published: December 2021

Клинические проявления катастрофического антифосфолипидного синдрома многообразны, что затрудняет своевременную диагностику и соответственно адекватное лечение. Цель: устранить трудности, возникающие у практических врачей при постановке диагноза, дифференциальной диагностике и лечении катастрофического антифосфолипидного синдрома, основываясь на анализе данных литературы и на примере клинического случая. Материалы и методы: исследований по данной проблеме в отечественных источниках мы не встретили, что привело к необходимости остановиться на литературных данных и клиническом примере. Результаты: на основании анамнеза заболевания, результатов клинического и дополнительных методов исследования пациента, установлен диагноз катастрофического антифосфолипидного синдрома. Выводы: для ранней диагностики катастрофического антифосфолипидного синдрома необходима настороженность при возникновении признаков ДВС-синдрома и быстро развивающейся полиорганной недостаточности.

Clinical manifestations of the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome are diverse, which complicates timely diagnosis and, accordingly, adequate treatment. Goal: eliminate the difficulties encountered by practitioners in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, based on the analysis of literature data and on the example of a clinical case. Materials and methods: we did not find any studies on this issue in domestic sources, which led to the need to focus on literature data and a clinical example. Results: on the basis of the anamnesis of the disease, the results of clinical and additional research methods of the patient, a diagnosis of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome was established. Conclusions: for early diagnosis of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, alertness is required when signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation and rapidly developing multiple organ failure occur.
MODERN ASPECTS OF CCHF PATHOGENESIS
Authors: Бердалиева Ф.А. , Абуова Г.Н. , Полукчи Т.В. , Алиев Д.С. , Ауезханов С.П.
Published: December 2021

На современном этапе в вопросах причинно-следственной связи патофизиологических, иммунологических, биохимических и других процессов, обуславливающих механизм возникновения и течения ККГЛ определены основные векторы: повреждение вирусом клеток - мишеней ( эндотелий сосудистой системы в органах и тканях, моноцитарные макрофаги, гепатоциты и др.); высокий потенциал вируса к репликации; стремительная вирусемия; развертывание локального и генерализованного иммуновоспалительного ответа; нарушение гемостаза и гемодинамики; развитие ДВС синдрома; синдрома полиорганной недостаточности.

At the present stage, the main vectors have been identified in the causal relationship of pathophysiological, immunological, biochemical and other processes that determine the mechanism of the occurrence and course of CCGL: damage to target cells by the virus ( endothelium of the vascular system in organs and tissues, monocytic macrophages, hepatocytes, etc.); high potential of the virus for replication; rapid viremia; deployment of a local and generalized immuno-inflammatory response; violation of hemostasis and hemodynamics; development of DIC syndrome; multiple organ failure.
THE HARMFUL COMPLICATIONS OF PERIPHERAL NERVES IN NEUROSURGICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Дюсембеков Е.К. , Халимов А.Р. , Курмаев И.Т. , Николаева А.В. , Жайлаубаева А.С. , Гаитова К.К. , Досым Н.
Published: December 2021

Проведено исследование 93 пациентов с ятрогенными повреждениями периферических нервов, 11,7% по отношению ко всем оперированным пациентам. Женщин было 51, мужчин 42. Пациенты трудоспособного возраста составили 88%. Позднее обращение за специализированной нейрохирургической помощью составило 53,7%. Чаще всех повреждался седалищный нерв - 29,1%, затем лучевой нерв - 22,6%. Наиболее частые причины ятрогенных осложнений - это операции на опорно-двигательном аппарате (79 - 84,9%). Представлены виды оперативных вмешательств, предложены меры по профилактике и своевременному специализированному лечению больных с ятрогенными повреждениями нервов.

Research has been done of 93 patients with iatrogenic injuries of peripheral nerves. It amounted to 11,7 per cent of all patients, who received surgical treatment. In the absolute value, there were 51 men and 42 women in gender equivalent. The significant quantity of working age patients amounts to 88%. 53.7% - it is late referral to specialized neurosurgical care. The volume of sciatic nerve injuries was the largest and amounted to 29,1%, the next a radial nerve - 22,6%. Most common causes of harmful complications there are operations on the musculoskeletal system (79 - 84,9%).The article shows the types of surgery, preventive measures and timely specialized treatment of patients with iatrogenic nerve injuries were proposed
TRЕATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DYSCIRCULATORY ENCEPHALOPATHY OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC GENESIS
Authors: Нургужаев Е.С. , Жакенова Г.Ж. , Нуржанова Р.Б. , Жумабаева К.А. , Оспанов А.А.
Published: December 2021

В данной представлены данные о терапевтической эффективности метаболических средств в комплексной терапии больных с дисциркуляторной энцефалопатией атеросклеротического генеза

This article presents data on the therapeutic efficacy of metabolic agents in the complex therapy of patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy of atherosclerotic genesis
MINIMALLY INVASIVE OSTEOSYN THES IS OF FRACTURES OF THEAN TERIOR PELVIC SEMICIRCLE
Authors: Аскеров Р.А. , Абдуразаков А.У. , Утешов Б.Б. , Саганаев Н.Б. , Мусатаев С.С.
Published: December 2021

В данной работе нами был рассмотрен метод малоинвазивного остеосинтеза переломов переднего тазового полукольца. В ходе работы было выяснено, что по сравнению с классическими методами у малоинвазивного есть существенное преимущество. Малоинвазивный метод позволяет значительно снизить длительность операции, объем интраоперационной кровопотери и начать более раннюю реабилитацию пациента.

In this paper, we considered the method of minimally invasive osteosynthesis of fractures of the anterior pelvic semicircle. In the course of the work, it was found that in comparison with classical methods, the minimally invasive method has a significant advantage. The minimally invasive method allows you to start the rehabilitation of the patient much earlier, the duration of the operation is reduced, blood loss during the operation is reduced. Further on, the clinical example will describe the very essence of the method.
FEATURES OF RESIDUAL PHENOMENA AND CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 (REVIEW)
Authors: Абуова Г.Н. , Айтмуратова Г.А. , Полукчи Т.В. , Бердалиева Ф.А. , Шаймерденова Г.Г.
Published: December 2021

Проведен литературный обзор об особенностях остаточных явлений и последствий COVID-19 на основе данных, опубликованных до настоящего времени. К началу января 2021 года COVID-19, сопровождающийся тяжелым острым респираторным синдромом, вызванным коронавирусом (SARS-CoV-2), привел к более чем 83 миллионам подтвержденных случаев и более чем 1,8 миллионам смертей. Клинический спектр инфекции SARS-CoV-2 широк, включая бессимптомную инфекцию, лихорадку, усталость, миалгии, легкое заболевание верхних дыхательных путей, тяжелую и опасную для жизни вирусную пневмонию, требующую госпитализации и летальный исход. COVID-19 - это новое заболевание, и остается неопределенность в отношении возможных долгосрочных последствий для здоровья. На сегодняшний день известно, что у большинства инфицированных, особенно в молодом возрасте, заболевание имеет легкое течение, по сравнению с лицами старшего возраста. У некоторых пациентов заболевание быстро прогрессирует и развиваются различные осложнения, в т.ч. полиорганная недостаточность. Поэтому раннее выявление и своевременное лечение критических случаев имеет решающее значение.

A literature review on the features of residual phenomena and consequences of COVID-19 is analyzed on the basis of data published so far. By the beginning of January 2021, COVID-19, accompanied by severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), led to more than 83 million confirmed cases and more than 1.8 million deaths. The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection is wide, including asymptomatic infection, fever, fatigue, myalgia, mild upper respiratory tract disease, severe and life-threatening viral pneumonia requiring hospitalization, and death. COVID-19 is a new disease, and uncertainty remains about possible long-term health consequences. To date, it is known that the majority of infected people, especially at a young age, have a mild course of the disease, compared with older people. In some patients, the disease progresses rapidly and various complications develop, including multiple organ failure. Therefore, early detection and timely treatment of critical cases is crucial.