bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of acoustoelastic borehole waves subjected to tectonic stress with formation anisotropy and borehole deviation
Authors: Zuo Peng , Liu Yang , Fan Zheng
Published: October 2021

Sonic logging is a useful technique to estimate tectonic stress around a borehole. The key to successful evaluation of tectonic stress is having a thorough understanding of a forward model that generates responses of borehole waves to tectonic stress. We have developed a generic model to simulate responses of borehole waves to tectonic stress based on the semianalytical finite-element method and acoustoelasticity. This model can compute the distribution of tectonic stress around an inclined borehole with an arbitrary anisotropic formation and simulate the acoustoelasticities of borehole waves under this complicated stress. To avoid tedious and time-consuming code development, we also provide easy access to the model by reformulating and implementing the governing equations in a commercial software package. We validate the model by using three case studies in which analytical/numerical solutions are available, showing a good agreement between the results from our model and the solutions in the literature. We then apply the model to some important applications in boreholes, demonstrating that this model can provide a powerful tool for understanding the responses of borehole waves to tectonic stress.
Seismic depositional sequence characterization by using enhanced multichannel variational-mode decomposition
Authors: Tian Yajun , Gao Jinghuai
Published: October 2021

For seismic stratigraphy, a key issue is distinguishing the characteristics of seismic reflections generated by geologic events with different scales, which in turn assists in sequence stratigraphic interpretation. Data-driven signal decomposition approaches, such as variational-mode decomposition (VMD) and multichannel VMD (MVMD), can use waveform similarity to decompose seismic data into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Unfortunately, it is a hard task to define the number of IMFs. To overcome the shortcoming of previous works, we have constructed an enhanced MVMD and then developed a workflow to decompose seismic data. We first determined the relationship between the IMFs and structures with different scales. Then, we developed a method to set the number of IMFs using contraction operator mapping and scale-space representation. Finally, we developed a workflow and applied it to synthetic and field data to identify seismic sequence stratigraphy boundaries. Synthetic and field data examples indicate that our workflow preserves lateral continuity and precisely extracts IMFs caused by depositional sequences with different geologic scales, facilitating the interpretation of subtle depositional patterns.
Musculoskeletal Features in Adults With X-linked Hypophosphatemia: An Analysis of Clinical Trial and Survey Data
Authors: Javaid Muhammad Kassim , Ward Leanne , Pinedo-Villanueva Rafael , Rylands Angela J , Williams Angela , Insogna Karl , Imel Erik A
Published: October 2021

Context

Patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) experience multiple musculoskeletal manifestations throughout adulthood.

Objective

To describe the burden of musculoskeletal features and associated surgeries across the lifespan of adults with XLH.

Methods

Three groups of adults were analyzed: subjects of a clinical trial, participants in an online survey, and a subgroup of the online survey participants considered comparable to the clinical trial subjects (according to Brief Pain Inventory worst pain scores of ≥ 4). In each group, the adults were categorized by age: 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and ≥ 60 years. Rates of 5 prespecified musculoskeletal features and associated surgeries were investigated across these age bands for the 3 groups.

Results

Data from 336 adults were analyzed. In all 3 groups, 43% to 47% had a history of fracture, with the proportions increasing with age. The overall prevalence of osteoarthritis was > 50% in all 3 groups, with a rate of 23% to 37% in the 18- to 29-year-old group, and increasing with age. Similar patterns were observed for osteophytes and enthesopathy. Hip and knee arthroplasty was reported even in adults in their 30s. Spinal stenosis was present at a low prevalence, increasing with age. The proportion of adults with ≥ 2 musculoskeletal features was 59.1%, 55.0%, and 61.3% in the clinical trial group, survey group, and survey pain subgroup, respectively.

Conclusion

This analysis confirmed high rates of multiple musculoskeletal features beginning as early as age 20 years among adults with XLH and gradually accumulating with age.
Spinal Neuronal GRK2 Contributes to Preventive Effect by Electroacupuncture on Cisplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Mice
Authors: Ma Xue , Chen Yu , Li Xiao-Chen , Mi Wen-Li , Chu Yu-Xia , Wang Yan-Qing , Mao-Ying Qi-Liang
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:

The main symptoms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) include pain and numbness. Neuronal G protein–coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) plays an important role in various pain models. Cisplatin treatment can induce the activation of proinflammatory microglia in spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of spinal neuronal GRK2 in cisplatin-induced CIPN and in the prevention of CIPN by electroacupuncture (EA).

METHODS:

The pain and sensory deficit behaviors of mice were examined by von Frey test and adhesive removal test. The expression of neuronal GRK2 in the spinal cord is regulated by intraspinal injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) containing neuron-specific promoters. The protein levels of GRK2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), and DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) in spinal dorsal horn were detected by Western blot, the density of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) was detected by immunofluorescence, and microglia activation were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTS:

In this study, cisplatin treatment led to the decrease of GRK2 expression in the dorsal horn of spinal cord. Overexpression of neuronal GRK2 in spinal cord by intraspinal injection of an AAV vector expressing GRK2 with human synapsin (hSyn) promotor significantly inhibited the loss of IENFs and alleviated the mechanical pain and sensory deficits induced by cisplatin. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the overexpression of neuronal GRK2 significantly inhibited the messenger RNA (mRNA) upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and M1 microglia marker cluster of differentiation (CD)16 induced by cisplatin. Furthermore, the TREM2 and DAP12, which has been demonstrated to play a role in microglia activation and in the development of CIPN, were also downregulated by overexpression of neuronal GRK2 in this study. Interestingly, preventive treatment with EA completely mimics the effect of overexpression of neuronal GRK2 in the spinal cord in this mouse model of cisplatin-induced CIPN. EA increased GRK2 level in spinal dorsal horn after cisplatin treatment. Intraspinal injection of AAV vector specifically downregulated neuronal GRK2, completely reversed the regulatory effect of EA on CIPN and microglia activation. All these indicated that the neuronal GRK2 mediated microglial activation contributed to the process of CIPN.

CONCLUSIONS:

Neuronal GRK2 in the spinal cord contributed to the preventive effect of EA on CIPN. The neuronal GRK2 may be a potential target for CIPN intervention.
On Crystallization
Authors: Marriott David
Published: October 2021

This essay considers the various meanings of the word “crystallization” in Frantz Fanon's main theses on national culture and his political philosophy more generally. It also further considers the implications of crystallization alongside Fanon's notion of the “nation to come” for an understanding of his approach to art, history, philosophy, and religion. This philosophy of crystallization, of which there has been little or no mention in Fanonian studies, is also contrasted with and compared to works by the Guinean poet Keita Fodéba and the Iranian critic Ali Shariʿati.
The Value of the Surface
Authors: Hyvönen Ari-Elmeri
Published: October 2021

Through an unorthodox reading of Hannah Arendt, this article argues that her political thought contains unacknowledged resources for conceptualizing embodiment in politics, and in relation to the economy, physical needs, and appearance. In contrast to the way she is typically read, this essay develops an affirmative account of embodiment in Arendt's work. Arendt not only recognizes the role of the appearing body in action but also underscores the importance of labor and necessity for a human sense of reality. Throughout her oeuvre, she presents a historical analysis of the rise of a functionalist, processual understanding of life under capitalist modernity. She also develops an alternative, nonfunctionalist framing of living bodies, highlighting a gratitude for “given” aspects of existence and the value of the bodily surface as a sentient interface between embodied needs and the common world. The article tracks the development of these reflections in Arendt's engagements with Karl Marx, Simone Weil, and Adolf Portmann.
Effects of Weather Parameters on Endurance Running Performance: Discipline-specific Analysis of 1258 Races
Authors: MANTZIOS KONSTANTINOS , IOANNOU LEONIDAS G. , PANAGIOTAKI ZOE , ZIAKA STYLIANI , PÉRIARD JULIEN D. , RACINAIS SÉBASTIEN , NYBO LARS , FLOURIS ANDREAS D.
Published: October 2021

Introduction

This study evaluated how single or combinations of weather parameters (temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar load) affect peak performance during endurance running events and identified which events are most vulnerable to varying weather conditions.

Methods

Results for the marathon, 50-km racewalking, 20-km racewalking, and 10,000-, 5000-, and 3000-m steeplechase were obtained from the official Web sites of large competitions. We identified meteorological data from nearby (8.9 ± 9.3 km) weather stations for 1258 races held between 1936 and 2019 across 42 countries, enabling analysis of 7867 athletes.

Results

The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) across races ranged from −7°C to 33°C, with 27% of races taking place in cold/cool, 47% in neutral, 18% in moderate heat, 7% in high heat, and 1% in extreme heat conditions, according to the World Athletics classification. Machine learning decision trees (R
2 = 0.21–0.58) showed that air temperature (importance score = 40%) was the most important weather parameter. However, when used alone, air temperature had lower predictive power (R
2 = 0.04–0.34) than WBGT (R
2 = 0.11–0.47). Conditions of 7.5°C–15°C WBGT (or 10°C–17.5°C air temperature) increased the likelihood for peak performance. For every degree WBGT outside these optimum conditions, performance declined by 0.3%–0.4%.

Conclusion

More than one-quarter of endurance running events were held in moderate, high, or extreme heat, and this number reached one-half when marathons were excluded. All four weather parameters should be evaluated when aiming to mitigate the health and performance implications of exercising at high intensities in a hot environment with athletes adopting heat mitigation strategies when possible.
Fitness Level‐ and Sex-Related Differences in Macrovascular and Microvascular Responses during Reactive Hyperemia
Authors: RASICA LETIZIA , INGLIS ERIN CALAINE , IANNETTA DANILO , SOARES ROGERIO N. , MURIAS JUAN M.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Reactive hyperemia (RH) is widely used for the investigation of macrovascular (flow-mediated dilation, or FMD) and microvascular (near-infrared spectroscopy–vascular occlusion test, or NIRS-VOT) function. Mixed results have been reported on fitness level‐ and sex-related differences in FMD outcomes, and little is known about microvascular differences in untrained and chronically trained males and females.

Methods

Fifteen chronically trained (CT: 8 males, 7 females) and 16 untrained (UT: 8 males, 8 females) individuals participated in this study. Aerobic fitness (V˙O2max) was assessed during a cycling incremental exercise test to volitional exhaustion. FMD and NIRS-VOT were performed simultaneously on the lower limb investigating superficial femoral artery and vastus lateralis muscle, respectively.

Results

%FMD was not different between groups (CT males, 4.62 ± 1.42; CT females, 4.15 ± 2.23; UT males, 5.10 ± 2.53; CT females, 3.20 ± 1.67). Peak blood flow showed greater values in CT versus UT (P ≤ 0.0001) and males versus females (P = 0.032). RH blood flow area under the curve was greater in CT versus UT (P = 0.001). At the microvascular level, desaturation and reperfusion rates were faster in CT versus UT (P = 0.018 and P = 0.013) and males versus females (P = 0.011 and P = 0.005). V˙O2max was significantly correlated with reperfusion rate (P = 0.0005) but not with %FMD.

Conclusions

Whereas NIRS-VOT outcomes identified fitness- and sex-related differences in vascular responses, %FMD did not. However, when RH-related outcomes from the FMD analysis were considered, fitness- and/or sex-related differences were detected. These data highlight the importance of integrating FMD and NIRS-VOT outcomes for a more comprehensive evaluation of vascular function.
An Association between Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Bone Mineral Density in a Diverse Cohort of Collegiate Athletes
Authors: ROCKWELL MICHELLE S. , KOSTELNIK SAMANTHA B. , MCMILLAN RYAN P. , LANCASTER MELANIE , LARSON-MEYER D. ENETTE , HULVER MATTHEW W.
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Although vitamin D is intimately involved in bone metabolism, the relationship between vitamin D status, as measured by serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, and bone mineral density (BMD) is weak, particularly in non-White populations. Measurement of bioavailable 25(OH)D has been suggested as a better indicator of vitamin D status than total 25(OH)D concentration. To date, the bioavailable 25(OH)D biomarker has been explored minimally in athletic populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between total and bioavailable 25(OH)D concentrations and BMD in collegiate athletes.

Methods

NCAA Division I basketball and swimming athletes served as study participants (n = 53; 28 females, 25 males; 28 basketball players, 25 swimmers). All participants completed dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans for analysis of BMD, blood draws for vitamin D measures, and diet/lifestyle questionnaires.

Results

Overall, total 25(OH)D was 80.0 + 13.9 nmol·L−1 and bioavailable 25(OH)D was 6.0 ± 1.9 nmol·L−1. There was strong disagreement between total 25(OH)D and bioavailable 25(OH)D concentrations (κ = −0.299, r = −0.129) (P = 0.100); 53% of total participants and 77% of Black participants were classified differently (low vs normal vitamin D status) based on total and bioavailable 25(OH)D criteria. Black participants had significantly lower total 25(OH)D and higher bioavailable 25(OH)D concentrations than White participants (59.5 vs 102.5 nmol·L−1 and 7.9 vs 5.4 nmol·L−1, respectively) (P < 0.001). Total 25(OH)D and total BMD were not correlated, but bioavailable 25(OH)D and total BMD demonstrated a positive correlation (r = 0.618, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

These results suggest that bioavailable 25(OH)D concentration may be a better clinical measure of vitamin D status than total 25(OH)D as related to BMD in collegiate athletes, particularly in Black athletes. Further research on the utility of the bioavailable 25(OH)D biomarker in athletes is needed.
Avanço neopentecostal no futebol brasileiro: análise sócio–antropológica acerca das relações entre religião, futebol e espaço público no Brasil
Authors: Petrognani Claude
Published: October 2021

Este texto se mobiliza em torno das relações entre religião, futebol e espaço público no Brasil. Mais especificamente, discorre sobre um aspecto do campo religioso brasileiro: a saber, o campo evangélico, em particular o neopentecostal e a sua inserção e rápida difusão no meio esportivo, principalmente o futebol.A partir de dados da pesquisa de doutoramento, será possível, sem pretensão exaustiva, demonstrar que há um avanço evangélico, fazendo desta configuração religiosa muito mais que «uma das religiões periféricas ou marginais dos brasileiros» (Carvalho, 1999, p. 3), podendo ser considerada uma religião «hegemônica» quase como o catolicismo, no que diz respeito ao ambiente futebolístico.Além disso, tentar-se-á mostrar que o interesse evangélico, no que diz respeito aos esportes, com o grupo denominado Atletas de Cristo, aprofunda as suas raízes na herança da Muscular Christianity de era vitoriana (1837-1901).Enfim, este objeto permite refletir sobre um tema crucial da atualidade, o fenômeno da religião no espaço público.
Proposição de um modelo de gestão para micro e pequenas marcenarias do setor moveleiro
Authors: Costa Guilherme Wollmann da , Andrade Bárbara Pisoni Bender , Piran Fabio Antonio Sartori
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é propor um novo modelo de gestão focado especificamente em micro e pequenas marcenarias do setor moveleiro. Para cumprir este objetivo foi utilizado o método de pesquisa da Design Science Research (DSR) na elaboração de um artefato prático que consiga equalizar as dificuldades de subsistência encontradas no segmento e atender às necessidades específicas não contempladas por modelos de gestão genéricos. Além disso, o estudo criado foi amparado na pesquisa bibliográfica de dois marcos teóricos: “Modelos de Gestão” e “Setor moveleiro e suas características” e na análise comparativa de três modelos de gestão selecionados: “Seis Caixas”, “McKinsey 7s” e “Estrela de Galbraith”. O modelo desenvolvido foi chamado de Marcenaria 5A e é composto pela segmentação da empresa em 5 setores: Administrativo, Comercial, PCP, Produção e Execução. O artefato apresenta também os macros processos presentes em cada um dos setores bem como suas relações e fluxos de trabalho e informação.
Desenvolvimento de um kit didático para estudos de resistência dos materiais, com aplicação na engenharia de produção
Authors: Avila Paulo Urbano , Campos Luiz Carlos de , Abdounur Oscar João , Dias José Antonio Siqueira , Castanho Manuel Antonio Pires
Published: October 2021

Dentro do universo da engenharia de produção, o processo de usinagem de materiais metálicos e tratamento térmico causa tensões residuais que podem alcançar valores significativos e influenciar a durabilidade dos diversos componentes mecânicos. Definir o processo adequado para cada aplicação requer a previsão de quão elevada será a tensão gerada em função das variáveis do processo utilizado.  A fim de conhecer os valores das tensões resultantes, é necessário medi-las, por exemplo, usando análise experimental de tensão, que consiste no uso de strain gauges para medir deformações em uma superfície. Logo, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o processo de desenvolvimento e aplicação de um kit didático educacional (KiDiTen®), versão II, automatizado, em conformidade com a formação por competência na pesquisa do ensino de Engenharia, utilizando conceitos de Física, Matemática e Teoria da Elasticidade, com o objetivo de levar o aluno ao conceito elementar da tensão mecânica, tensão elétrica e tensor de ordem 2. Utilizaram-se metodologias como Educação Baseada em Projetos, Aprendizado Baseado em Problemas e abordagem STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). Comprovou-se que a metodologia adotada foi adequada, empregando diversas metodologias de ensaios.
Diagnóstico do nível de sustentabilidade em comunidade do Geopark Araripe da UNESCO
Authors: Duarte Ana Karine Gomes , Mendonça Francisca Jeanne Sidrim de Figueiredo , Cabral Nájila Rejanne Alencar Julião , Souza Bruna Stephany Coelho de
Published: October 2021

No cenário atual as práticas relacionadas à sustentabilidade estão sendo cada vez mais indispensáveis para gerir qualquer negócio e melhorar qualidade de vida. Visando a necessidade de uma agenda ambiental comprometida com o desenvolvimento econômico e a manutenção da qualidade ambiental foram estipulados os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Este trabalho mostra a realidade em 5 comunidades interioranas em atendimento aos ODS. Trata-se de um estudo de caso no entorno dos geossítios do Geopark Araripe da UNESCO, identificando gargalos e avanços que merecem melhor visibilidade para que uma vida sustentável seja alcançada. A partir do estudo ampliado da relação dos 17 Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável com as práticas vivenciadas pelas comunidades, foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas, no período de maio a dezembro de 2020, a fim de se obter um diagnóstico do comprometimento destas comunidades com as metas dos ODS. Realizou-se análise SWOT para identificação dos pontos fortes e fracos dos geossítios, no sentido de subsidiar ações futuras de promoção ao desenvolvimento sustentável ao dia a dia destas comunidades.
Geoprodutos em comunidades turísticas para o desenvolvimento sustentável e empreendedorismo social
Authors: Leite Maria Juliana Ferreira , Mendonça Francisca Jeanne de Figueiredo , Tavares Frederico Romel Maia , Cabral Nájila Rejanne Alencar Julião , Maia Everson Araújo
Published: October 2021

Em um mundo com grandes desafios ambientais, torna-se evidente a necessidade do planejamento e execução de ações que colaborem efetivamente no progresso e desenvolvimento social sustentável. Uma das estratégias utilizadas pelo Geopark Araripe é o apoio na elaboração de produtos que resgatam a identidade e a conservação do patrimônio local, utilizando recursos naturais e comuns da região. Os geoprodutos se pretendem a intensificar a cultura e valorizar o território, incorporando as comunidades às novas tecnologias, envolvendo-os na comercialização e assegurando sustentabilidade e inclusão social. Como objetivo, a pesquisa buscou fortalecer e apoiar as abordagens inovadoras ligadas ao território, estimulando os produtores locais a empreender de forma sustentável nas comunidades estudadas. O estudo foi realizado em quatro etapas: revisão sistemática, elaboração das diretrizes para classificação dos geoprodutos, elaboração dos questionários, aplicação dos questionários ao geoprodutores e estudo de caso. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram que os geoprodutos criam oportunidades e valorizam geodiversidade da região. Portanto, podem ser utilizados para o empreendedorismo e beneficiamento dos produtores locais, estimulando o desenvolvimento e criação de novos estabelecimentos empresariais, além de proporcionar novas fontes de renda.
Diagnóstico das práticas de descarte dos resíduos sólidos em comunidades
Authors: Oliveira Luana Pessoa , Mendonça Francisca Jeanne Sidrim de Figueiredo , Tavares Frederico Romel Maia , Kohlrausch Tatiana Betat , Chaves Jéssica Ingrid Marinho
Published: October 2021

Atualmente, o consumo da população seguido da produção de resíduos sólidos vem aumentando cada vez mais. A quantidade de resíduos sólidos em lixões a céu aberto prejudica à qualidade do meio ambiente, do solo e da saúde da população.  Este trabalho tem como objetivo, apresentar resultados parciais do projeto, para a constituição de uma rede de coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos. Este projeto caracteriza-se como um Estudo de Caso. Foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas com uso de um questionário feito através da ferramenta google forms para a coleta de dados. Concluiu-se a partir dos resultados obtidos que, a comunidade desconhece a importância do descarte adequado dos resíduos sólidos e a separação de lixo, assim como uma possível reciclagem ou reuso. Neste caso, ações mínimas como a realização de cursos relacionados à educação ambiental, saúde, economia e empreendedorismo podem ser aplicadas as comunidades como forma de melhorar a qualidade de vida, gerar renda e contribuir com a sustentabilidade.
Economia circular
Authors: Silva Thainy Genny Esteves , Pontes Andreia Cristina da Silva Jordão Emerenciano , Musetti Marcel Andreotti , Ometto Aldo Roberto
Published: October 2021

O modelo de negócio baseado em uma economia circular é aquele no qual os recursos são mantidos em uso pelo maior tempo possível, este sistema é uma alternativa ao caminho linear “levar, fazer-usar-descartar” sendo seguido em muitas indústrias. Porém, as empresas podem adotar uma abordagem circular para a produção, implementando uma variedade de modelos de negócios alternativos. Com base em uma pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica na literatura sobre a temática da economia circular no Brasil, serão apresentados os principais conceitos. Além disso, será exposto um panorama da evolução das políticas públicas no Brasil e no mundo e as iniciativas para adoção dos elementos da circularidade que estão sendo desenvolvidos no País. Conclui-se que as políticas públicas são essenciais para o desenvolvimento e através da revisão realizada foi possível concluir que o Brasil não possui políticas públicas ou legislação específica para a promoção da economia circular, e as iniciativas incipientes são promovidas por ONG’s ou empresas privadas, com projetos realizados de formas isoladas. Portanto, é necessário o fortalecimento das capacidades das organizações na sociedade civil e de pequenos municípios e disseminação do pensamento circular. O País deve seguir uma linha de ação que promova a aproximação das universidades e instituições de pesquisa, fomentando e promovendo projetos de áreas como saneamento básico e reciclagem.
Occupational Challenges to the Development and Maintenance of Physical Fitness Within Law Enforcement Officers
Authors: Lentine Tim , Johnson Quincy , Lockie Robert , Joyce Jill , Orr Rob , Dawes Jay
Published: October 2021

Law enforcement officers must perform physically demanding tasks as part of their job duties. Consequently, law enforcement officers must possess an adequate level of physical fitness to perform these activities safely and effectively. Ironically, most of an officer's shift time is sedentary. This, in addition to other occupational challenges, may make it difficult for officers to develop and maintain fitness across the occupational life span. This is concerning when considering that physical fitness is associated with their occupational task performance. In this column, the unique challenges law enforcement officers experience when trying to maintain health and occupational fitness are discussed.
COVID-19 and breastfeeding: can SARS-CoV-2 be spread through lactation?
Authors:   Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Florea Radu Marian , Sultana Camelia Madalina ,   Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Stefan S. Nicolau Virology Institute, Bucharest, Romania
Published: October 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is a new betacoronavirus that was first reported in the Hubei province, China, in December 2019. The virus is likely transmitted through air droplets. However, there are reported cases where SARS-CoV-2-RNA was found in other samples, such as blood or stool. Nonetheless, there is limited information concerning the presence of viral RNA in pregnancy-related samples, specifically breast milk. However unlikely, there is still uncertainty regarding the possibility of vertical transmission from mother to infant through breastfeeding. This review aims to synthetize the literature written so far on this topic. Despite not being extensively researched, vertical transmission through breast milk seems unlikely. Case series showed that milk samples from mothers with COVID-19 were almost entirely negative. So far, there have been only 9 recorded cases of viral shedding in milk samples, uncertain however of the viability of the particles. Furthermore, WHO and UNICEF strongly encourage commencing breastfeeding after parturition, underlining the benefits of lactation. Moreover, some studies have proven the existence of IgG and IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies in the maternal milk that could possibly play an important part in the neonate’s protection against the virus. Vertical transmission through lactation seems unlikely, most studies pointing towards the safety of breastfeeding. However, further larger-scale studies need to be performed in order to clarify a yet uncertain matter.
Thermoplastic Analysis of Cluster Crystallization of Cryoprotective Solutions
Authors:   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Osetskyi Oleksandr , Gurina Tetyana ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Poliakova Anna ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Sevastianov Stanislav ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

For the first time the possibility of using thermomechanical analysis to construct the fragments of state diagrams of cryoprotective solutions in the zone of glass transition temperatures has been considered. A method for studying cluster crystallization of cryoprotective solutions based on thermomechanical curves has been developed. The parameters of thermomechanical curves of frozen aqueous solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), polyethylene oxide 1500 (PEO-1500), glycerol were analyzed and the relationship between these parameters and the cluster crystallization kinetics for these solutions was established. On the basis of experimentally obtained thermomechanical curves for the frozen solutions of DMSO and PEO-1500 the possibility of formation of clusters of two types has been shown: on the basis of ice and cryoprotective substance microcrystals. Additional experimental data were obtained to construct a complete state diagrams of cryoprotective solutions, which include the existing cluster phase areas.
Theoretical Estimation of Optimal Linear Cooling Rate for PK-15 Cell Suspension
Authors:   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Gordienko Olga , Kovalenko Igor ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Kovalenko Svitlana ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Kuleshova Larysa ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Todrin Oleksandr ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

Preservation of cells during crystallization of the cell suspension is influenced by two types of damaging factors. The first type of cryoinjury occurs during the crystallization of the extracellular environment and is caused by dehydration of cells, increasing the concentration and ionic strength of extracellular and intracellular solutions. As the cooling rate rises, the damage rate of the first type decreases as a result of the reduced time of action of damaging factors. The second type of cryoinjury is intracellular crystallization, the probability of which enhances at high cooling rates, is considered the most destructive to cells. The optimal linear cooling rate for PK-15 cells is determined using a physico-mathematical model, which describes the probability of cryoinjury of cells in the linear freezing mode and is based on the two-factor theory of cryoinjury, thermodynamic theory of homogeneous crystallization and general theory of activation-type processes. The findings have shown that within the range of cooling rates < 0.5 °C/min the cryoinjury of PK-15 cells occurs mainly due to the effects of the solution, and at cooling rates > 2.5 °C/min this was mainly resulted from an intracellular crystallization. The dependence of the percentage of damaged cells on the cooling rate has a relatively wide minimum within the range of cooling rates of 0.5 °C/min… 2.5 °C/min.
Role of Liquid-Liquid Phase Transitions in Mechanism of Erythrocyte Protection During Cooling with CRIHBT-115 Cryopreservative Agent
Authors:   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Khodko Oleksiy
Published: October 2021

The presence in the system of critical liquid-liquid phase transition (PT) by the mechanism, resulting in formation of dispersion system, namely high-concentrated emulsion, has been established here during cooling when using polarized light microscopy and fixation of critical opalescence phenomenon in erythrocyte concentrate with glycerol-containing cryopreservative agent, designed at the Central Research Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion (Russia) (CRIHBT-115 ). The studied cryobiological system displayed no signs of crystallization. A phase behaviour of cryopreservative and supernatant has been studied during cooling-warming cycle. Changes in the volume of cryopreservative and erythrocyte concentrate were comparatively and qualitatively evaluated during cooling. The mechanism of protective action of cryopreservation solution has been determined. The similarity between physical and chemical processes during cooling-warming of erythrocyte cytoplasm and garlic meristem cells (germinal plant tissue) when entering cold anabiosis has been established.
Defining Definiteness in Turoyo
Authors: Yifrach Miriam , Coppock Elizabeth
Published: October 2021

This paper puts forth an expanded typology of definiteness marking, which includes not only ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ but also ‘super-weak’. It also proposes a methodology for identifying ‘super-weak’ definites, and applies it to Ṭuroyo, an endangered Semitic language. Data from questionnaires and interviews shows that Ṭuroyo’s definite article has a very wide distribution, including anti-uniqueness effects with exclusives, suggesting ‘super-weak’ status. Syntactic factors also affect their distribution: We find definiteness-spreading uses with demonstratives and possessives, even in non-contrastive environments, and superlative adjectives appear to compete for the article’s syntactic position. On the semantic side, we propose that Ṭuroyo’s definiteness-markers are not ‘weak’ but ‘super-weak’ articles. To explain their anaphoric uses, typical of ‘strong’ articles, we propose that the typology is arranged as a cline ordered by entailment, so that stronger articles entail weaker ones.
Fachadas Vegetadas em áreas urbanas
Authors: Rezende Juliana de Castro , Rocha Bruno Massara , Abrahão Karla Cristina de Freitas Jorge
Published: October 2021

As mudanças climáticas associadas ao intenso processo de urbanização e à crescente mudança do uso do solo vem desafiando as sociedades a buscar meios de minimizar as suas consequências e eventos, dentre eles: enchentes, ondas de calor, incêndios florestais, vendavais, aumento do nível dos mares, desertificação. Os jardins verticais adaptados as edificações podem ser uma estratégia para minimizar as ilhas de calor em ambientes urbanos, além de qualificar a paisagem. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e apontar espécies vegetais adequadas à implementação de Jardins Verticais em ambientes urbanos. Por meio de uma metodologia projetual multifatorial, foram analisadas duas fachadas na área central de Belo Horizonte com diferentes orientações e dois tipos de sistemas de jardim vertical. Os resultados apresentaram que o sistema de cortina verde se mostrou mais sustentável e econômico, em relação ao sistema de jardim hidropônico, em termos de rega e quantidade de mudas, além de possibilitar o uso de espécies do bioma local. Os resultados do estudo contribuem para orientar a implementação e a difusão de jardins verticais em edificações. Sugere-se para trabalhos futuros, estudos experimentais que analisem o uso de espécies do bioma local e a relação com a manutenção, e com o consumo de água para irrigação.
Desafios das Pessoas com Mobilidade Reduzida
Authors: Francisco Aldino Miguel , Camoli Horácio Cinco
Published: October 2021

As pessoas com deficiência para conseguirem realizar as suas atividades de locomoção têm que viver numa sociedade inclusiva tal como orientam as disposições do “princípio da igualdade, da lei das pessoas com deficiências e da lei das acessibilidades. O objetivo consiste em fazer uma análise comparativa da legislação Angolana e Brasileira sobre as pessoas com deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida, tendo como caso de estudos quatro escolas do município de Moçâmedes (Angola). Os principais métodos foram a pesquisa bibliográfica, a observação, levantamento fotográfico, fez-se a sistematização e análise dos resultados do material qualitativo dos inquéritos com auxílio a estatística descritiva e porcentual, os critérios de avaliação dos ambientes acessíveis e não acessíveis teve como base a ABNT NBR 9050:2020. Conclui-se que as normas sobre acessibilidade nos dois países se diferenciam na forma de produção, em Angola é apenas nacional, e se assemelham nos conteúdos técnicos e âmbitos de aplicação que têm como base os municípios. Os itens identificados com maiores problemas de acessibilidades nas escolas foram: Tipo de piso, Sinalização e Sanitários. Na generalidade as escolas não possuem símbolo internacional de acessibilidade nem rotas de acessos, o material do tipo de piso utilizados e os sanitários não estão adaptados para deficientes. As escolas analisadas nenhuma está adaptada a 100% segundo a ABNT NBR 9050, visto avaliação de acessibilidade a porcentagem mais alta foi da Escola 1 com 50% de Acessibilidade, porém, recomendou-se a elaboração de projetos curto e médio prazo de reestruturação das infraestruturas escolar para maior inclusão.
Субъекты квазипубличного взаимодействия в регионе ресурсного типа: взгляд изнутри
Authors: Левин Сергей Николаевич , Кранзеева Елена Анатольевна , Саблин Кирилл Сергеевич
Published: October 2021

В представленной статье на основе материалов глубинного интервью и анкетного опроса дана характеристика субъектов и практик политико-экономического взаимодействия в Кузбассе как в регионе ресурсного типа. В роли таких субъектов выступают представители региональной администрации и ресурсных компаний. Сравнительные преимущества представленного исследования заключаются именно во взгляде изнутри на данный региональный кейс, состоящий в том, что исследователи сами были погружены в реалии экономики и общества Кемеровской области. Это означает, что они занимались решением специфической именно для социологии задачи теоретизации обыденного. Решение этой задачи предполагает использование исследовательской стратегии обоснованной теории, предполагающей выбор моделей и инструментов, соответствующих особенностям объекта исследования. Выбранная методология исследования позволила описать сложившиеся в Кузбассе практики квазипубличного взаимодействия, которые характеризуются следующими чертами. Представители региональной власти и ресурсных компаний позиционируют себя как субъекты, действующие в интересах всего населения региона. При этом они монополизируют функции формулирования и реализации общественных целей развития, заявляя о том, что только они обладают необходимой для этого информацией и возможностями. В рамках такого подхода население практически исключается из числа активных субъектов политико-экономического и социального взаимодействия. В свою очередь представители властных структур и ресурсных компаний на неформальном уровне совместно реализуют как экономические, так и политико-административные функции. Власть привлекает предпринимателей к реализации своих политико-административных функций, включая финансирование производства общественных благ, различного рода социальных и инфраструктурных проектов и т. д. Предприниматели соглашаются на это, понимая, что без прямой поддержки власти ведение сколько-нибудь серьезного бизнеса невозможно. При этом все участники политико-экономического взаимодействия: политические руководители, профессиональные государственные служащие, собственники и менеджеры ресурсных компаний – ведут себя не в соответствии со своими формальными социальными ролями, а как персоны, включенные в закрытую вертикальную социальную сеть.
Члены Совета Федерации: карьера до вхождения в должность и после прекращения полномочий
Authors: Тев Денис Борисович
Published: October 2021

В статье анализируется карьера членов Совета Федерации до вхождения в должность и после отставки. Эмпирической основой исследования служит биографическая база данных, содержащая информацию о 637 сенаторах, избранных (назначенных) в соответствии с законами о порядке формирования верхней палаты 2000 и 2012 гг. Были выявлены основные институциональные сектора, в которых проходит карьера членов Совета Федерации; среди них – представительные органы, администрация и бизнес (роль других сфер гораздо слабее). Установлено, что значимость этих каналов рекрутирования варьируется в зависимости от субъекта делегирования сенаторов. Анализ показал ряд тенденций рекрутирования членов Совета Федерации в 2010-е гг.: рост распространенности законодательного опыта, сокращение присутствия крупного бизнеса в верхней палате, увеличение числа бывших губернаторов в Совете Федерации, усиление укорененности сенаторов в делегировавших их регионах. Опираясь на модель элитного рекрутирования Б. Харасимива, в частности понятие структуры возможностей, автор выдвигает предположения о факторах, обусловливающих карьерные характеристики сенаторов и их историческую динамику.
«Я противник режима, но всегда работаю на “Единую Россию”», или о политтехнологическом сообществе в современной России
Authors: Колесник Наталья Владимировна
Published: October 2021

В работе рассматривается процесс институционализации рынка политических услуг на примере функционирования политтехнологического сообщества. В начале работы уделяется внимание академическим дискуссиям по поводу связи авторитарных режимов и выборов. Среди важных характеристик «электоральных автократий» были выделены следующие: наличие многопартийной системы, регулярные парламентские выборы, всеобщее избирательное право и другие составляющие «демократического ландшафта». Основной предмет эмпирического исследования состоит в прояснении роли политтехнологов в структуре избирательных кампаний, анализе формальных и неформальных аспектов избирательных кампаний в российских регионах. Работа состоит из нескольких основных частей: история формирования рынка политических профессий в современной России, источники рекрутирования и социально-экономический статус политтехнологов, особенности профессиональных траекторий после завершения карьеры политтехнолога. Эмпирической основой для исследования послужили 76 глубинных полуформализованных интервью с основными агентами избирательного процесса в российских регионах (политическими технологами, журналистами, представителями региональных администраций, партийными активистами, владельцами консалтинговых компаний и др.). сообщества в современной России носит незавершенный характер, избирательные кампании представляют собой двуединый процесс, когда границы между политическим бизнесом и политическим процессом стираются, и главным становится не качество предоставляемых услуг, а длительность самого процесса.
Hybridization and Immobilization v1
Authors: Shih Chia-Hsien
Published: October 2021

This protocol is to assemble GotCha with circular probe, immobilization probe and magnetic beads.
Jojo v1
Authors: Shih Chia-Hsien
Published: October 2021

Nice
Evagreen Dye Fluorescence Verification v1
Authors: Shih Chia-Hsien
Published: October 2021

This protocol is to establish the relationship between Evagreen Dye fluorescent intensity and DNA concentration.
Potential Pitfalls in the Analysis and Structural Interpretation of Seismic Data from the Mars InSight Mission
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Davis Paul , Lekić Ved , Maguire Ross , Compaire Nicolas , Schimmel Martin , Stutzmann Eleonore , C. E. Irving Jessica , Lognonné Philippe , Scholz John-Robert , Clinton John , Zenhäusern Géraldine , Dahmen Nikolaj , Deng Sizhuang , Levander Alan , Panning Mark P. , Garcia Raphaël F. , Giardini Domenico , Hurst Ken , Knapmeyer-Endrun Brigitte , Nimmo Francis , Pike W. Tom , Pou Laurent , Schmerr Nicholas , Stähler Simon C. , Tauzin Benoit , Widmer-Schnidrig Rudolf , Banerdt William B.
Published: October 2021

The Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) of the InSight mission to Mars has been providing direct information on Martian interior structure and dynamics of that planet since it landed. Compared with seismic recordings on the Earth, ground-motion measurements acquired by SEIS on Mars are not only made under dramatically different ambient noise conditions, but also include idiosyncratic signals that arise from coupling between different InSight sensors and spacecraft components. This work is to synthesize what is known about these signal types, illustrate how they can manifest in waveforms and noise correlations, and present pitfalls in structural interpretations based on standard seismic analysis methods. We show that glitches (a type of prominent transient signal) can produce artifacts in ambient noise correlations. Sustained signals that vary in frequency, such as lander modes that are affected by variations in temperature and wind conditions over the course of the Martian sol, can also contaminate ambient noise results. Therefore, both types of signals have the potential to bias interpretation in terms of subsurface layering. We illustrate that signal processing in the presence of identified nonseismic signals must be informed by an understanding of the underlying physical processes in order for high-fidelity waveforms of ground motion to be extracted. Whereas the origins of the most idiosyncratic signals are well understood, the 2.4 Hz resonance remains debated, and the literature does not contain an explanation of its fine spectral structure. Even though the selection of idiosyncratic signal types discussed in this article may not be exhaustive, we provide guidance on the best practices for enhancing the robustness of structural interpretations.
Hallazgos ecográficos para la determinación de nódulos tiroideos malignos
Authors: Guernizo Villanueva Johana Alejandra , Patricia Ortiz Silvia , Nuñez Jesus , Trujillo Ivan Andres
Published: October 2021

Introducción: los nódulos tiroideos son un crecimiento localizado en el tejido tiroideo, aproximadamente el 8 % son malignos, y el ultrasonido es el método ideal para detectarlos. Objetivo: determinar cuáles son los hallazgos ecográficos que pueden sugerir una mayor probabilidad de malignidad del nódulo tiroideo. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de tipo corte transversal en pacientes con nódulo tiroideo en una institución prestadora de salud de Neiva. Resultados: se evaluaron 63 pacientes con un promedio de edad de 52 años, 95 % fueron femeninos y el 5 % masculinos. El 71 % presentaron nódulos tiroideos benignos, y el 10 % nódulos malignos. En el 100 % de los nódulos tiroideos malignos se encontró vascularidad aumentada, microcalcificaciones, adenopatías asociadas, bordes irregulares y componente sólido, y los hallazgos con respecto a hipoecogenicidad y diámetro anteroposterior mayor al transverso (más alto que ancho), se encontró en el 83 %, siendo estadísticamente significativos. La sensibilidad de los hallazgos ecográficos supera el 80 %, excepto la variable “tamaño del nódulo mayor a 1 centímetro”. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos ecográficos como adenopatías y el diámetro anteroposterior mayor al transverso son indicadores potenciales de nódulos tiroideos malignos, el tamaño mayor a un centímetro no siempre es predictor de malignidad, sin embargo debido al tamaño de la muestra en nuestro estudio no es posible generalizarlo como un factor determinante para la realización de biopsia, por ende recomendamos el seguimiento de los nódulos teniendo en cuenta los criterios ecográficos de malignidad y la clasificación TIRADS para tomar decisiones con respecto a las biopsias tiroideas.