bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization Work Flow Converts Power to Performance for GOM Drilling
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2019

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 29065, “Converting Power to Performance: Gulf of Mexico Examples of an Optimization Work Flow for Bit Selection, Drilling-System Design, and Operation,” by Mark W. Dykstra, SPE, Miguel A. Armenta, SPE, Fitzerald A. Mathew Ain, SPE, Omolara Adesokan, and Tess L. Schornick, Shell, and Ashabikash Roy Chowdhury, SPE, and Mark D. Allain, Baker Hughes, a GE company, prepared for the 2018 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 30 April–3 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2018 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

Time spent on bottom drilling is only approximately 10% of the time consumed by drilling operations, but this still provides a significant opportunity for savings if it can be reduced. The goal of the work described in this paper was to decrease this percentage while drilling an exploratory well in the Gulf of Mexico. Significant results were achieved with the use of advanced hybrid polycrystalline-diamond-compact/tungsten-carbide-insert (PDC/TCI) bits.

Introduction

The focus well is in the Walker Ridge area approximately 150 nautical miles south of Port Fourchon, Louisiana. The rig floor to the zone of interest includes 6,500 ft of water, 1,200 ft of sediments, 12,250 ft of salt, and then deeper sediments. In the basic well design, a 38-in. conductor would be jetted to 200 ft below the mudline. The 26-in. section would be drilled through sediments and 2,000 ft of salt without risers using seawater and a 9.3-lbm/gal water-based pump-and-dump (PAD) drilling fluid, after which the 22-in. casing would be set. The 16½-in. section would be drilled through the bulk of the remaining salt with a riser in place using synthetic-based drilling fluid. The well would remain vertical until the kickoff point. After setting a 14-in. casing, the remaining hole sections would exit the salt and penetrate the deeper zones using synthetic-based drilling fluid.

Design Phase: Offset Well Study

The first step in the optimization process was to evaluate the drilling challenges that could be encountered in each hole section and identify potential performance limiters. The key lessons from the analysis of offset wells include the following:

The shale/sand sequence above the salt would be soft and could be drilled as quickly as desired, though subject to wellbore stability and hole-cleaning limitations.

The salt section would be very drillable, but mechanical specific energy (MSE) levels would be approximately 40 ksi.

PDC bits would be very aggressive, so torque would be highly sensitive to weight on bit (WOB).

Peak rate of penetration (ROP) in both salt and sediments would be directly proportional to the power provided to the bit.

Torque variation could be as low as 10 to 20% for stiff drillstrings featuring 65/8-in. drillpipe using relatively high rotary speeds (e.g., 170 rev/min or greater).

Bottomhole assembly (BHA) designs with a minimal tendency to hang up are desirable.
Polyelectrolyte-Complex Nanoparticles for Fluid-Loss Control in Oilwell Cementing
Authors: Andersen Corbin D. , Lin Ying-Ying , Liang Jenn-Tai
Published: January 2019

This paper focuses on the application of polyelectrolyte-complex (PEC) nanoparticles to fluid-loss control of oilwell cements. Cement-slurry design involves considerable complexities, including the interplay of viscosity, yield point (YP), fluid-loss control, setting time, sedimentation, gel-strength development, and density. Polymers such as hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethyl HEC (CMHEC), and polyvinyl alcohol have been used extensively for fluid-loss control in oilwell cementing. However, the resulting increase in slurry viscosity often led to unwanted side effects, such as increased pumping requirements. PECs were originally developed as drug carriers for pharmaceutical applications. Our previous work (Cordova et al. 2008; Lin et al. 2014; Johnson et al. 2016) showed that they can also be effective in improved-oil-recovery applications. In this study, we explore the potential of using PEC nanoparticles to achieve effective fluid-loss control while maintaining good fluid properties of the cement slurry. Results from this proof-of-concept study demonstrated that a PEC system comprising common oilfield polymers can be used to achieve effective fluid-loss control. Simultaneously, the system shows improved rheological properties over control samples while maintaining other desirable slurry characteristics.
Estimating Biomass and Yield Using METRIC Evapotranspiration and Simple Growth Algorithms
Authors: Khan Azeem , Stöckle Claudio O. , Nelson Roger L. , Peters Troy , Adam Jennifer C. , Lamb Brian , Chi Jinshu , Waldo Sarah
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas

Crop models have significant limitations in estimating “real‐world” yields across the landscape.

Joining satellite‐based evapotranspiration and leaf area index with growth algorithms provide good yield estimation.

Proposed method evapotranspiration and yields compared well with observations at four dryland sites.

Crop models are used to assess crop yield under prescribed scenarios and at scales varying from point to field to region and beyond. The use of models to evaluate the performance of agricultural systems, as they exist in the real world, can be challenging and plagued with constraints. This is due to the difficulty in characterizing the spatial variability across the landscape of crops, soils, weather, management, miscellaneous stress factors, and the initial state of the system. We propose the use of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimated from remote sensing images and simple crop growth‐transpiration algorithms as an alternative to the use of standalone crop models for real‐world yield assessment. In this study, we combined ETa estimates from METRIC (Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration) with simple crop growth algorithms extracted from the CropSyst model to estimate biomass production and yield at high resolution (30 by 30 m). We tested this approach in four dryland agriculture sites in eastern Washington State with contrasting annual precipitation. All sites were equipped with an eddy covariance flux tower for ground ETa estimation. The proposed approach was able to provide good estimates of ETa, seasonal change of aboveground biomass and yields at all sites when compared with observations for a 3‐year period, collectively including five different annual crops. Because estimations are made at high resolution, they can be scaled up to field or regional scales. Advantages and limitations of the proposed approach are discussed.
Improvement in long-range streamflow forecasting accuracy using the Bayes' theorem
Authors: Seo Seung Beom , Kim Young-Oh , Kang Shin-Uk , Chun Gun Il
Published: January 2019

This study has developed a hydrologic forecasting system for correcting the systematic bias inherent in hydrologic simulations based on the Bayes' theorem. The observed climatology was used as prior information, and results of a linear regression model that describes the relationship between ‘the observed streamflow’ and ‘the mean of the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) forecasts’ was used to form a likelihood function. The Bayes' theorem was then applied to produce posterior information for the streamflow forecast. Thirty-five watersheds, in which a dam is operated, were tested in this study, and the forecast accuracy was evaluated. It was found that the developed Bayesian ESP (B-ESP) model is capable of improving the forecast accuracy of the ESP. It was found that the forecasting accuracy was improved for all the different lengths of lead-times with the B-ESP model. Nonetheless, the B-ESP model obtained lower RPSS values than the ESP, while its deterministic forecasting accuracy was better than the ESP. This is due to the intrinsic attribute of the Bayesian inference.
Nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes in three soils fertigated with decentralised wastewater treatment effluent to field capacity
Authors: Musazura W. , Odindo A. O. , Tesfamariam E. H. , Hughes J. C. , Buckley C. A.
Published: January 2019

The Decentralised Wastewater Treatment System (DEWATS) provides low cost onsite sanitation to residents living in informal settlements. Wastewater management through agriculture prevents environmental pollution and promotes sustainable agriculture. This study investigated the effects of fertigation with DEWATS effluent to field capacity in three South African soils under a banana crop. The experiment was conducted as a complete randomised design in a greenhouse with two irrigation water treatments (DEWATS effluent vs municipal tap water irrigation + fertiliser) × three soil types (Ia, Cf and Se) and four replicates over 728 days. Data were collected on crop growth, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake and dynamics in the soil. The DEWATS effluent significantly (p < 0.05) increased N and P uptake and soil NH+4-N and extractable P concentrations. Furthermore, DEWATS effluent fertigation significantly (p < 0.05) increased N leaching from the Ia soil and P leaching from the Cf soil. Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching from DEWATS was lower than the tap water irrigation + fertiliser treatment. There was, however, excess N and P accumulation from the DEWATS than the irrigation + fertiliser treatment, which would cause environmental concerns from runoff and leaching losses in the medium to long term.
Wavelet denoising and cubic spline interpolation for observation data in groundwater pollution source identification problems
Authors: Zhao Ying , Fu Qiang , Lu Wenxi , Yi Ji , Chu Haibo
Published: January 2019

As the identified results of groundwater pollution source identification (GPSI) can influence the cost for the polluter in paying for remediating groundwater resources, it is important that the accuracy of the estimated result should be as high as possible. However, many factors can influence the result, such as noisy concentration data and incomplete concentration data. Thus, this paper is aimed at studying the difference between using the observation data before and after denoising and interpolating for solving GPSI problems. Four kinds of noise level and 20 groups of missing data were designed to test the performance of wavelet denoising and cubic spline interpolation, respectively. The results show that the denoising process can improve the estimated result for the GPSI problem, and the higher the noise level, the stronger this effect. In terms of interpolation, more accurate results can be made after interpolating if the missing data belong to the period after the source releases the pollutant. If the missing data are from when the pollution source is active, interpolation cannot help increase the estimated performance.
Ammonia-based aeration control with optimal SRT control: improved performance and lower energy consumption
Authors: Schraa Oliver , Rieger Leiv , Alex Jens , Miletić Ivan
Published: January 2019

Ammonia-based aeration control (ABAC) is a cascade control concept for controlling total ammonia nitrogen (NHx-N) in the activated sludge process. Its main goals are to tailor the aeration intensity to the NHx-N loading and to maintain consistent nitrification, to meet effluent limits but minimize energy consumption. One limitation to ABAC is that the solids retention time (SRT) control strategy used at a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) may not be consistent with the goals of ABAC. ABAC-SRT control is a strategy for aligning the goals of ammonia-based aeration control and SRT control. A supervisory controller is used to ensure that the SRT is always optimal for ABAC. The methodology has the potential to reduce aeration energy consumption by over 30% as compared to traditional dissolved oxygen (DO) control. Practical implementation aspects are highlighted for implementation at full scale, such as proper selection of the set point for the supervisory controller, proper calculation of the rate of change in sludge inventory, using a mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) controller, and tuning of the controllers. In conclusion, ABAC-SRT is a promising approach for coordinated control of SRT, total ammonia nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen in the activated sludge process that balances both treatment performance and energy savings.
Enhanced degradation of methylene blue by a solution plasma process catalyzed by incidentally co-generated copper nanoparticles
Authors: Prasertsung Isarawut , Kaewcharoen Sasin , Kunpinit Kornnika , Yaowarat Wattanachai , Saito Nagahiro , Phenrat Tanapon
Published: January 2019

This study presents a catalytic organic pollution treatment using the solution plasma process (SPP) with incidentally co-generated copper (Cu) nanoparticles via Cu electrode erosion. Methylene blue (MB) was used as a model organic contaminant. The treatment time was from 0 to 60 minutes at the plasma frequencies of 15 and 30 kHz. The treatment efficacy using the Cu electrode was compared with that of the tungsten (W) electrode. The high erosion-resistant W electrode provided no W nanoparticles, while the low erosion-resistant Cu electrode yielded incidental nanoparticles (10–20 nm), hypothesized to catalyze the MB degradation during the SPP. The percentage of MB degradation and the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation were determined by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The results showed that, after the SPP by the Cu electrode for 60 minutes, the MB was degraded up to 96%. Using the Cu electrode at a high plasma frequency strongly accelerated the Cu nanoparticle generation and MB treatment, although the amount of H2O2 generated during the SPP using the Cu electrode was less than that of the W electrode. The Cu nanoparticles were hypothesized to enhance MB degradation via both homogeneous (release of dissolved Cu ions) and heterogeneous (on the surface of the particles) catalytic processes.
New type of heat generating from the sun's rays device
Authors: Vahobov Isroilhodzha Samievich
Published: January 2019

This article discusses how to use solar energy to heat a building and develop a new device for generating heat from the sun. The author presents two types of solar energy usage.
Disrupção tecnológica:impactos no crescimento do mercado de seguros
Authors: Borelli Elizabeth , Saponara Ricardo Stocco
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo visa analisar, com foco no cenário econômico brasileiro, as perspectivas do setor de seguros após as novas disrupções tecnológicas. Com base numa pesquisa exploratória, estuda a evolução histórica da tecnologia da informação, do surgimento da economia do conhecimento até as tecnologias disruptivas, bem como as mudanças ocasionadas no setor de seguros. Dada a importância do mercado de seguros na economia, aliada ao crescimento promissor que as tecnologias disruptivas trarão, este segmento deverá dirigir seus investimentos com a responsabilidade de um crescimento no longo prazo, beneficiando o ambiente econômico e social no qual está inserido.
Differential Characteristics of HMGB2 Versus HMGB1 and their Perspectives in Ovary and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cámara-Quílez María , Barreiro-Alonso Aida , Rodríguez-Bemonte Esther , Quindós-Varela María , Cerdán M. Esperanza , Lamas-Maceiras Mónica
Published: January 2019

We have summarized common and differential functions of HMGB1 and HMGB2 proteins with reference to pathological processes, with a special focus on cancer. Currently, several “omic” approaches help us compare the relative expression of these 2 proteins in healthy and cancerous human specimens, as well as in a wide range of cancer-derived cell lines, or in fetal versus adult cells. Molecules that interfere with HMGB1 functions, though through different mechanisms, have been extensively tested as therapeutic agents in animal models in recent years, and their effects are summarized. The review concludes with a discussion on the perspectives of HMGB molecules as targets in prostate and ovarian cancers.
The Role of Antioxidants in Cancer, Friends or Foes?
Authors: Poljsak B. , Milisav I.
Published: January 2019

Consumption of dietary supplements by millions of people is increasing [1]. Between 64 to 81% of cancer patients and survivors use multivitamin supplements after the cancer diagnosis [2]. The use of antioxidants during cancer therapy has been a hot topic in medical science for the last 20 years without clear answers and recommendations. It seems that antioxidants are able to I) decrease the cancer formation risk by quenching ROS that are involved in cancer initiation and progression and II) assist in survival of cancer/precancer cells once the malignant transformation already occurred. Antioxidants were shown to assist cancer initiation, interfere with cancer treatment by reducing its efficacy and patient survival, and vice versa, there are reports of beneficial antioxidant effect during the cancer treatment.
Photo- and Sono-Dynamic Therapy: A Review of Mechanisms and Considerations for Pharmacological Agents Used in Therapy Incorporating Light and Sound
Authors: Yang Yanye , Tu Juan , Yang Dongxin , Raymond Jason L. , Roy Ronald A. , Zhang Dong
Published: January 2019

As irreplaceable energy sources of minimally invasive treatment, light and sound have, separately, laid solid foundations in their clinic applications. Constrained by the relatively shallow penetration depth of light, photodynamic therapy (PDT) typically involves involves superficial targets such as shallow seated skin conditions, head and neck cancers, eye disorders, early-stage cancer of esophagus, etc. For ultrasound-driven sonodynamic therapy (SDT), however, to various organs is facilitated by the superior... transmission and focusing ability of ultrasound in biological tissues, enabling multiple therapeutic applications including treating glioma, breast cancer, hematologic tumor and opening blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Considering the emergence of theranostics and precision therapy, these two classic energy sources and corresponding sensitizers are worth reevaluating. In this review, three typical therapies using light and sound as a trigger, PDT, SDT, and combined PDT and SDT are introduced. The therapeutic dynamics and current designs of pharmacological sensitizers involved in these therapies are presented. By introducing both the history of the field and the most up-to-date design strategies, this review provides a systemic summary on the development of PDT and SDT and fosters inspiration for researchers working on ‘multi-modal’ therapies involving light and sound.
Application of the Monte Carlo Method for the Prediction of Behavior of Peptides
Authors: Toropova Alla P. , Toropov Andrey A.
Published: January 2019

Prediction of physicochemical and biochemical behavior of peptides is an important and attractive
task of the modern natural sciences, since these substances have a key role in life processes. The
Monte Carlo technique is a possible way to solve the above task. The Monte Carlo method is a tool with
different applications relative to the study of peptides: (i) analysis of the 3D configurations (conformers);
(ii) establishment of quantitative structure – property / activity relationships (QSPRs/QSARs); and (iii)
development of databases on the biopolymers. Current ideas related to application of the Monte Carlo
technique for studying peptides and biopolymers have been discussed in this review.
An Overview of Chitosan Nanofibers and their Applications in the Drug Delivery Process
Authors: AL-Jbour Nawzat D. , Beg Mohammad D. , Gimbun Jolius , Alam A.K.M. Moshiul
Published: January 2019

Chitosan is a polycationic natural polymer which is abundant in nature. Chitosan has gained much attention as natural polymer in the biomedical field. The up to date drug delivery as well as the nanotechnology in controlled release of drugs from chitosan nanofibers are focused in this review. Electrospinning is one of the most established and widely used techniques for preparing nanofibers. This method is versatile and efficient for the production of continuous nanofibers. The chitosan-based nanofibers are emerging materials in the arena of biomaterials. Recent studies revealed that various drugs such as antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, proteins and anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs were successfully loaded onto electrospun nanofibers. Chitosan nanofibers have several outstanding properties for different significant pharmaceutical applications such as wound dressing, tissue engineering, enzyme immobilization, and drug delivery systems. This review highlights different issues of chitosan nanofibers in drug delivery applications, starting from the preparation of chitosan nanofibers, followed by giving an idea about the biocompatibility and degradation of chitosan nanofibers, then describing how to load the drug into the nanofibers. Finally, the major applications of chitosan nanofibers in drug delivery systems.
Zinc-dependent Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors with Different Zinc Binding Groups
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Fang , Chen Xiaoxue , Wang Jie , Zhao Yonglong , Li Yongjun , He Bin
Published: January 2019

The state of histone acetylation plays a very crucial role in carcinogenesis and its development by chromatin remodeling and thus altering transcription of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Such epigenetic regulation was controlled by zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs), one of the major regulators. Due to the therapeutic potential of HDACs as one of the promising drug targets in cancer, HDAC inhibitors have been intensively investigated over the last few decades. Notably, there are five HDAC inhibitors already approved to the market. Vorinostat (SAHA), Belinostat (PXD-101) and Romidepsin (FK228) have been approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in USA for treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) or peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) while Panbinostat (LBH-589) has also been approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Recently, Chidamide was approved by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for the treatment of PTCL. The structural feature of almost all HDAC inhibitors consists of Cap group, linker, and zinc-binding group (ZBG). The binding of ZBG groups to zinc ion plays a decisive role in the inhibition of HDAC. Therefore, we will summarize the developed HDAC inhibitors according to different ZBG groups and discuss their binding mode with zinc ion.
Prediction of Drug-Drug Interactions Related to Inhibition or Induction of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes
Authors: Dmitriev Alexander V. , Lagunin Alexey A. , Karasev Dmitry А. , Rudik Anastasia V. , Pogodin Pavel V. , Filimonov Dmitry A. , Poroikov Vladimir V.
Published: January 2019

Drug-drug interaction (DDI) is the phenomenon of alteration of the pharmacological activity
of a drug(s) when another drug(s) is co-administered in cases of so-called polypharmacy. There are three
types of DDIs: pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic, and pharmaceutical. PK is the most frequent
type of DDI, which often appears as a result of the inhibition or induction of drug-metabolising enzymes
(DME). In this review, we summarise in silico methods that may be applied for the prediction of the inhibition
or induction of DMEs and describe appropriate computational methods for DDI prediction,
showing the current situation and perspectives of these approaches in medicinal and pharmaceutical
chemistry. We review sources of information on DDI, which can be used in pharmaceutical investigations
and medicinal practice and/or for the creation of computational models. The problem of the inaccuracy
and redundancy of these data are discussed. We provide information on the state-of-the-art physiologically-
based pharmacokinetic modelling (PBPK) approaches and DME-based in silico methods. In
the section on ligand-based methods, we describe pharmacophore models, molecular field analysis,
quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), and similarity analysis applied to the prediction of
DDI related to the inhibition or induction of DME. In conclusion, we discuss the problems of DDI severity
assessment, mention factors that influence severity, and highlight the issues, perspectives and
practical using of in silico methods.
Bone Marrow Niches for Skeletal Progenitor Cells and their Inhabitants in Health and Disease
Authors: Herrmann Marietta , Jakob Franz
Published: January 2019

The bone marrow hosts skeletal progenitor cells which have most widely been referred to as Mesenchymal Stem or Stromal Cells (MSCs), a heterogeneous population of adult stem cells possessing the potential for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. A consensus agreement on minimal criteria has been suggested to define MSCs in vitro, including adhesion to plastic, expression of typical surface markers and the ability to differentiate towards the adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages but they are critically discussed since the differentiation capability of cells could not always be confirmed by stringent assays in vivo. However, these in vitro characteristics have led to the notion that progenitor cell populations, similar to MSCs in bone marrow, reside in various tissues. MSCs are in the focus of numerous (pre)clinical studies on tissue regeneration and repair.

Recent advances in terms of genetic animal models enabled a couple of studies targeting skeletal progenitor cells in vivo. Accordingly, different skeletal progenitor cell populations could be identified by the expression of surface markers including nestin and leptin receptor. While there are still issues with the identity of, and the overlap between different cell populations, these studies suggested that specific microenvironments, referred to as niches, host and maintain skeletal progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Dynamic mutual interactions through biological and physical cues between niche constituting cells and niche inhabitants control dormancy, symmetric and asymmetric cell division and lineage commitment. Niche constituting cells, inhabitant cells and their extracellular matrix are subject to influences of aging and disease e.g. via cellular modulators. Protective niches can be hijacked and abused by metastasizing tumor cells, and may even be adapted via mutual education. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on bone marrow skeletal progenitor cell niches in physiology and pathophysiology. We discuss the plasticity and dynamics of bone marrow niches as well as future perspectives of targeting niches for therapeutic strategies.
La vida y la salud
Authors: Hernández Torres Esther
Published: January 2019

Editorial
Influencia de las creencias en vejez, salud y enfermedad de adultos mayores en el uso de servicios de salud
Authors: Vargas Esquivel Luz María , Crespo Knopfler M. Silvia , Taracena Ruiz Elvia , Casasa García Patricia , Belserio Almario Carmen L.
Published: January 2019

Las creencias en salud y vejez se estudian desde el paradigma cualitativo, y desde la situación de los ancianos mexicanos.

Los objetivos del estudio son relacionar las creencias en vejez, salud, y enfermedad con el uso de servicios de primer nivel de atención y comprender el concepto de salud y vejez desde la visión de los adultos mayores.

Metodología: El estudio es de tipo cualitativo a través de la teoría fundamentada con 8 informantes en la comunidad adjunta a la clínica Valle de Aragón, durante el periodo del 2004, en su domicilio mediante entrevista semi­dirigida. El análisis de datos se llevó a cabo a través del microanálisis, codificación abierta, axial y selectiva.

Resultados: Se presentan algunos avances, al faltar desarrollar diversas categorías y sus interrelaciones. Las creencias respecto a la vejez se enfocan como deterioro de funcionalidad física, soledad, pero que debe ser aceptada. Los preámbulos del envejecimiento, se encaminan más a las modificaciones del sistema musculo esquelético y digestivo principalmente. La visión de la salud para dichos informantes está encaminada a la independencia, el apoyo familiar y estar libre de enfermedad. El aprendizaje de la salud se da por la historia de vida.
Como se constituye un centro colaborador de enfermería de la Organización Mundial de la Salud
Authors: Zárate Grajales Rosa A. , Rubio Domínguez Severino
Published: January 2019

El artículo Segundo de las normas que rigen la Constitución de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) le asigna la función de promover y realizar acciones en el campo de la salud. Es ampliamente reconocido que la mejor manera de promover actividades relacionadas con ésta es establecer mecanismos de colaboración con instituciones nacionales de los Estados Miembros.

Por lo tanto, a lo largo de los años se ha desarrollado una red amplia de Centros Colaboradores de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) que se actualiza constantemente, según sean las necesidades identificadas en el programa de la Organización. En particular, respecto de su objetivo central de proporcionar acceso universal a la salud.

Dentro de la OMS se ha encomendado al Departamento de Políticas y Cooperación en materia de Investigaciones, ubicado en el Grupo Orgánico de Pruebas Científicas e información para las Políticas, la tarea de administrar el proceso de formalización de la relación entre la OMS y sus centros colaboradores.

Se espera que esta información sea útil para aclarar los mecanismos de colaboración y para facilitar su utilización por parte de todos aquellos que estén interesados en realizar actividades de cooperación técnica con la OMS/OPS.
Editorial
Authors: Zárate Grajales Rosa A.
Published: January 2019

Editorial
Asociación de Enfermeras en Trasplantes A.C. (SEET)
Authors: Nava Salgado Susana , Medina Ponce Minerva , García Rivero Clementina , Vergara Bautista Patricia , Pardo Vásquez Reyna Bertha , Ramírez Gómez Enriqueta , Ibarra Blancas Isabel , Ramos Hernández Ma. de Lourdes , Hernández Mosco Agustina
Published: January 2019

El campo de los trasplantes de órganos en humanos es uno de los más complejos y fascinantes de la medicina moderna y un capítulo brillante de la historia del siglo XX. Los trasplantes de órganos y tejidos humanos, consisten en transferir un tejido u órgano, de su sitio original a otro diferente funcionando, esto puede ser dentro de un mismo individuo o bien de un individuo a otro, con el propósito de restaurar las funciones perdidas del mismo, sustituyéndolo por uno sano. El personal de Enfermería es un eje importante en las instituciones donde se realizan transplantes ya que de ellas depende también el éxito del tratamiento y recuperación del paciente, su dedicación y el gran interés las motiva a proporcionar atención especializada a este tipo de pacientes y que con los avances de la medicina moderna caminan conjuntamente con el equipo multidisciplinario y enfrenta diariamente el contacto con el milagro de la vida y la medicina. El 28 de junio del 2005 queda legalmente constituída la Asociación de Enfermeras en Trasplantes A. C., cuyo logo contiene las letras SEET. A partir de la fecha de constitución de la SEET, hasta la fecha, se cuenta con un número de 80 asociadas. El objetivo de la SEET es agrupar a todos los profesionistas que cuentan con cédula profesional expedida por la Dirección General de profesiones en la rama de Enfermería y que deseen pertenecer a la asociación. La asociación proporciona capacitación al personal de Enfermería involucrado en la atención a pacientes trasplantados, conjugando la educación científica y la experiencia clínica. Adecuando el cuidado Enfermero a los recursos con que cuenta cada institución, promoviendo una actitud de aprendizaje permanente basada en la enseñanza continúa, combinando la teoría con la práctica buscando elevar permanentemente la calidad de atención al paciente trasplantado.
Una mirada al examen profesional por áreas de conocimiento en la licenciatura en Enfermería
Authors: González Noriega Ma Antonia , Nicolás Caballero Yazmin , Rodríguez Arellano Octavio
Published: January 2019

El Examen General por Áreas de Conocimiento (EPAC) es una opción de titulación que ofrece la Escuela Nacional de Enfermería y Obstetricia de la UNAM a estudiantes de los sistemas escolarizado; abierto e incorporado; para obtener el grado de licenciatura o profesional técnico en Enfermería. El propósito del artículo es socializar y evidenciar el trabajo realizado con el EPAC de nivel licenciatura a partir de la creación de la Unidad de Apoyo para la Evaluación de los Aprendizajes. Ello ha permitido; con el trabajo de un equipo multidisciplinar; mejorar el proceso del examen; hacer innovaciones informáticas y administrativas; mantener un apoyo educativo directo y confiable tanto a instituciones participantes como a sustentantes. Los resultados que se muestran fueron extraídos de las cuatro aplicaciones realizadas hasta el año 2006; las que se juzgaron a partir de estudios de tipo descriptivo y transversal; con muestra censal. Es innegable que el trabajo permanente con este proceso reorientará las acciones para una mejora continua; que posibiliten altos estándares de confiabilidad lo que garantizará la obtención de resultados más objetivos y oportunos.
La evaluación formativa, un camino por recorrer en la práctica docente
Authors: Ponce Cortés Blanca
Published: January 2019

En el presente artículo se presentan los elementos teóricos que guiaron el subproyecto PAPIME No. 223003 “Evaluación de la práctica docente de los profesores de la Escuela Nacional de Enfermería y Obstetricia. Un enfoque formativo” En el primer apartado se abordan dos enfoques de la evaluación: el sumativo (cuantitativo) y el formativo (cualitativo) para distinguir la importancia de la elección de uno u otro. El primero está orientado a medir los resultados, el segundo, está centrado en los procesos, buscando proporcionar información sobre actividades que se desarrollan a fin de mejorar el desempeño a evaluar. En el segundo apartado se destaca la importancia de evaluar la práctica docente de los profesores a través no sólo de los estudiantes, informantes irremplazables, sino también de la mirada de los profesores sobre su práctica, por la importancia de conocer sus pensamientos al respecto, ya que consideramos que constituyen uno de los fundamentos para actuar sobre el currículo y sobre la mejora de sus prácticas. Concluimos considerando que este camino por recorrer hacia la evaluación formativa es un terreno fértil para la sensibilidad y la exploración de nuevas y efectivas formas de evaluación y estrategias de formación docente que conduzcan a la mejora del proceso formativo de los alumnos.
Influenza Humana A H1N1, su profilaxis y tratamiento con antivirales
Authors: Zarza Arizmendi Dolores
Published: January 2019

En el presente artículo se presentan las directrices generales que los profesionales de la salud deben conocer sobre la utilización de los antivirales en la profilaxis y tratamiento de la influenza humana tipo A (H1N1) que recientemente se presentó en nuestro país, Se especifican además los criterios para la dosificación y la vía de administración de acuerdo con la edad del enfermo y del antiviral que se trate. Se hace énfasis en los casos en los que están indicados los antivirales así como aquellos en los que se requiere extremar precauciones y limitar su uso. Así mismo como el uso de medidas no farmacológicas para evitar la diseminación del virus.
De La gran transformación a La gran financiarización
Authors: Polanyi Levitt Kari
Published: January 2019

Análisis del capitalismo contemporáneoy el proceso de globalización y los elementos que definen la financiarización
Managing rental car businesses in the new economy: Using a multivariate decision model approach
Authors: Narsing Anthony , Sanders Terry , Kistner Len , Williams Jerry
Published: January 2019

U.S. rental car organizations are having to modify their business models to adapt to the new economy, which includes increased fuel costs, reduced business and leisure travel, and reduced resale of low mileage rental units. Revenue is negatively impacted due to increased maintenance as a result of higher mileage requirements placed on the rental inventory. Changes in the depreciation allowance on the rental car fleet reduced the potential value of vehicles by requiring fleet operations managers to maintain the fleets for longer periods of time. This article presents a multivariate decision-making model, which used in conjunction with in-house performance indicators, will assist operations managers in understanding specific variables likely to impact rental car revenues and optimize their decisions regarding available assets.
An empirical cross cultural assessment of a logistics/supply chain management typology
Authors: McGinnis Michael A , Kara Ali , Spillan John E
Published: January 2019

This manuscript compares the three dimensions (Process Strategy, Market Strategy, and Information Strategy) of the Bowersox Daugherty (1987) logistics strategy typology among five disparate countries by integrating the findings of previous empirical research. The appropriateness of the three Bowersox/Daugherty dimensions when combined into the construct Overall Logistic Strategy (OLS) are assessed. The role of OLS impact on Organizational Competitiveness (COMP) through two intervening variables LCE (Logistics Coordination Effectiveness) and CSC (Customer Service Commitment) is evaluated. The findings indicate that OLS is an appropriate descriptor of logistics/ supply chain management in a wide range of cultures and that the integration of OLS, LCE, and CSC is useful in explaining COMP across cultures. The findings of this research are discussed in the context of earlier perspectives on organizational strategy and overall logistics strategy.
Pertinencia de las competencias demostradas en trabajos de grado de Ingeniería Forestal
Authors: Niño Pinilla Diana Marcela , Pérez Reyes Angie Tatiana , Moreno Gutiérrez Jaime Alberto
Published: January 2019

Este estudio analiza la pertinencia de las competencias desarrolladas en los trabajos de grado por los estudiantes del proyecto curricular de Ingeniería Forestal en la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, con respecto al perfil profesional adoptado y aprobado por el Ministerio de Educación. Para lo anterior, se recopilaron los trabajos de grado sustentados en el periodo 2015 – 2017, desarrollados por los estudiantes formados con el currículo actualizado en 2009 para satisfacer dicho perfil. Los trabajos se clasificaron por competencia, para cada una de las cuales se definieron criterios de evaluación, con base en las características comunes de los temas abarcados por estas, con cuatro niveles de desarrollo de cada competencia, con lo que se procedió a realizar la calificación de los trabajos de grado. Se encontraron un total de 67 trabajos de grado que hacen parte del nuevo pensum, aprobados y sustentados hasta el año 2017 de los cuales se logró tener acceso a 62 para realizar la evaluación. No se evidenció una proporcionalidad entre el desarrollo de las competencias demostradas y la cantidad de trabajos en cada una; por otro lado, se observó que la mayoría de las competencias abarcan muchos temas con lo cual demuestran generalidad, pero pierden especificidad, lo que evidencia en la mayoría de los casos un desarrollo muy básico de las competencias que debe tener un Ingeniero Forestal formado en la Universidad Distrital.
Neurorehabilitation of alexia without agraphia - a case report
Authors: Tomic Gordana , Nikolic Jelena , Punisic Silvana , Subotic Misko , Zidverc-Trajkovic Jasna
Published: January 2019

Introduction. Alexia without agraphia is an impairment of reading ability.
Speech, auditory comprehension, repetition and writing are relatively
intact. Due to a damage of the splenium of corpus callosum, alexia without
agraphia is considered to be an interhemispheric disconnection syndrome.
Case Report. We presented a 71-year-old male, with chronic hypertension,
diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The magnetic resonance imaging showed a
lesion in the left medial temporal region, including the equilateral
thalamus, posterior cingulate gyrus, splenium of corpus callosum, lingual
occipital gyrus, and the tail of the hippocampus. Lacunar ischemia was found
on the right side of cerebellum. The neuro-linguistic diagnostic protocol
included the Mini Mental State Examination, Boston Diagnostic Aphasia
Examination, Boston Naming Test and phonemic and category fluency tests. We
have also designed a clinical protocol for color recognition assessment. The
results showed a mild cognitive impairment related to the time and space
orientation, delayed memory and reading. On the speech and language levels,
a severe acquired alexia without agraphia was registered which was not
associated with other language modalities. Conclusion. The neuro-linguistic
tests and clinical techniques provide a rather reliable diagnostic criteria,
which is the basis for neuro-rehabilitation. The rehabilitation protocol
refers to training techniques: tactile-kinesthetic recognition of graphemes
and application of various reading techniques, such as letter-by-letter
reading, Multiple Oral Re-reading, melodic intonation therapy and oral
reading technique in order to facilitate rehabilitation of reading.
New AMS dates as a contribution to the absolute chronology of the early eneolithic in the central Balkans
Authors: Bulatovic Aleksandar , Vander Linden , Gori Maja
Published: January 2019

In this study we present new absolute dates for the Early Eneolithic in
Serbia. Four of them confirm the recently obtained dates from that period
(Bubanj-Hum I culture) but two samples (from Mokranjske stene and Bubanj)
provide somewhat later dates for this period, although their stratigraphic
context makes their interpretation difficult. Pottery from those sites,
besides the typical examples, also shows particular stylistic and
typological characteristics that resemble Galatin or S?lcu?a IV cultures, so
one can presume that the Bubanj-Hum I culture in Serbia may have lasted
longer than what is generally assumed.
Jewellery made of bronze sheets from the prehistoric necropolis at the village of Velebit, near Kanjiza
Authors: Kapuran Aleksandar
Published: January 2019

In 1970, a Bronze Age necropolis in the village of Velebit to the north of
Vojvodina was fully explored, but has remained unpublished until today. Apart
from possessing all of the features of a H?gelgr?ber culture complex, some
finds indicate connections to the Belegis - Cruceni culture, developed at the
very south of the Carpathian basin. In this paper, we shall present only some
of the most attractive finds from the necropolis, including jewellery made of
bronze sheets. They include spiral greaves, a belt and finger-rings. The
remaining finds shall be presented in a monograph that is being planned.
A 12th century set of marvered purple glass vessels from Branicevo (Serbia)
Authors: Spasic-Djuric Dragana , Jovanovic Sonja
Published: January 2019

During the 2011 archaeological excavations at the Mali Grad site in
Branicevo, a set of at least 16 vessels made of translucent dark-purple glass
and decorated with marvered opaque white trails was discovered. This unique
glass assemblage, consisting of at least eight bowls, three bottles, two
cylindrical flasks and three further vessels which can be possibly attributed
to flasks, was found in the most significant archaeological context in the
urban centre of Branicevo, in the layer above the floor in House No 4.
According to other archaeological finds from the same context, coins in
particular, the glass vessel set is dated to the 12th century. Importantly,
the finds from Branicevo are so far the earliest securely-dated vessels of
this type in the territory of the Byzantine Empire, post-dating the
reestablishment of its control over the Balkan Peninsula in the 11th century.
Eye Care Utilization Among Insured People With Diabetes in the U.S., 2010–2014
Authors: Benoit Stephen R. , Swenor Bonnielin , Geiss Linda S. , Gregg Edward W. , Saaddine Jinan B.
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults, and although screening with eye exams is effective, screening rates are low. We evaluated eye exam visits over a 5-year period in a large population of insured patients 10–64 years of age with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used claims data from IBM Watson Health to identify patients with diabetes and continuous insurance coverage from 2010 to 2014. Diabetes and DR were defined using ICD-9 Clinical Modification codes. We calculated eye exam visit frequency by diabetes type over a 5-year period and estimated period prevalence and cumulative incidence of DR among those receiving an eye exam.

RESULTS

Among the 298,383 insured patients with type 2 diabetes and no diagnosed DR, almost half had no eye exam visits over the 5-year period and only 15.3% met the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations for annual or biennial eye exams. For the 2,949 patients with type 1 diabetes, one-third had no eye exam visits and 26.3% met ADA recommendations. The 5-year period prevalence and cumulative incidence of DR were 24.4% and 15.8%, respectively, for patients with type 2 diabetes and 54.0% and 33.4% for patients with type 1 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

The frequency of eye exams was alarmingly low, adding to the abundant literature that systemic changes in health care may be needed to detect and prevent vision-threatening eye disease among people with diabetes.
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Burden in People With Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S. Receiving Antidiabetic and Cardioprotective Therapies
Authors: Montvida Olga , Cai Xiaoling , Paul Sanjoy K.
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE

Individualized treatment of patients with diabetes requires detailed evaluation of risk factor dynamics at the population level. This study evaluated the persistent glycemic and cardiovascular (CV) risk factor burden over 2 years after treatment intensification (TI).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

From U.S. Centricity Electronic Medical Records, 276,884 patients with incident type 2 diabetes who intensified metformin were selected. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130/140 mmHg and LDL ≥70/100 mg/dL were defined as uncontrolled for those with/without a history of CV disease at TI. Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL and HbA1c ≥7.5% (58 mmol/mol) were defined as uncontrolled. Longitudinal measures over 2 years after TI were used to define risk factor burden.

RESULTS

With 3.7 years’ mean follow-up, patients were 59 years; 70% were obese; 22% had a history of CV disease; 60, 30, 50, and 48% had uncontrolled HbA1c, SBP, LDL, and triglycerides, respectively, at TI; and 81% and 69% were receiving antihypertensive and lipid-modifying therapies, respectively. The proportion of patients with consistently uncontrolled HbA1c increased from 31% in 2005 to 41% in 2014. Among those on lipid-modifying drugs, 41% and 37% had consistently high LDL and triglycerides over 2 years, respectively. Being on antihypertensive therapies, 29% had consistently uncontrolled SBP. Among patients receiving cardioprotective therapies, 63% failed to achieve control in HbA1c + LDL, 57% in HbA1c + SBP, 55% in LDL + SBP, and 63% in HbA1c + triglycerides over 2 years after TI.

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients on multiple therapies for risk factor control, more than one-third had uncontrolled HbA1c, lipid, and SBP levels, and more than one-half had two CV risk factors that were simultaneously uncontrolled after TI.