bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Study on Development of Coping Strategies for Early Childhood Conflicts Regarding Object Possession and Related Factors
Authors: Umezaki Takayuki , Sakai Atsushi , Maeshiro Kazumi , Murohashi Hiroto
Published: January 2024

Children experience peer relationship conflicts related to object possession from early childhood. They achieve social–emotional development by adjusting mutual desires and overcoming conflicts using different conflict‐coping strategies. Conflict studies have examined the effects of conditions, such as who first owned an object, and strategies employed by children of varying age groups. On the other hand, longitudinal studies on this issue are rare. We examined children's conflict‐coping strategy development under different conditions about who possessed an object first using data from three time points in early childhood. The results showed no effects of conditions on three developmental patterns: strategy transition characterized by dependence on others, social strategy dominance characterized by autonomy, or emotional strategy dominance characterized by non‐autonomy. Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender and inhibitory control defined these patterns. Moreover, there was an interactional effect of family caregiving attitudes and opportunities for contact with peers. These results indicate the reciprocal influence of family caregiving and peer relationship on early childhood development related to conflict experiences.
Unraveling the Complexities of Second Language Lexical Stress Processing: The Impact of First Language Transfer, Second Language Proficiency, and Exposure
Authors: Sagarra Nuria , Fernández‐Arroyo Laura , Lozano‐Argüelles Cristina , Casillas Joseph V.
Published: January 2024

We investigated the role of cue weighting, second language (L2) proficiency, and L2 daily exposure in L2 learning of suprasegmentals different from the first language (L1), using eye‐tracking. Spanish monolinguals, English–Spanish learners, and Mandarin–Spanish learners saw a paroxytone and an oxytone verb (e.g., FIRma–firMÓ “s/he signs–signed”), listened to a sentence containing one of the verbs, and chose the one that they heard. The three languages have contrastive lexical stress, but suprasegmentals have a greater functional load in Mandarin than in English. Monolinguals predicted suffixes accurately with both stress conditions and favored oxytones, but learners predicted suffixes accurately only with oxytones, the condition activating fewer lexical competitors. Monolinguals predicted suffixes accurately sooner but at a slower rate than did learners. L2 proficiency, but not L1 or L2 exposure, facilitated L2 predictions. In conclusion, learners of a contrastive‐stress L1 rely on L2 suprasegmentals to the same extent as monolinguals, regardless of their L1. Lower L2 proficiency and higher cognitive load (more lexical competitors) reduce learners’ reliance on suprasegmentals.
Molecular Action of GOLDEN2‐LIKE Transcription Factor Family with Diverse Interacting Promoters and Proteins
Authors: Choi Heebak , Gwak Dohoon , Kim Sangyun , Yi Taegyu , Ha Sun‐Hwa
Published: January 2024

GOLDEN2‐LIKE (GLK) transcription factors belong to the GARP superfamily and are known as major positive regulators of greening in various plants, including Arabidopsis, rice, maize, tomato, and moss. Recent studies have reported many GLK downstream targets and binding partners. This revealed the breadth of GLK‐related downstream pathways and its multiplexed‐regulatory system beyond greening regulation. To evaluate the complexity of the molecular mode of action of GLKs, here we summarize the current knowledge of the interactions from promoters of direct GLK downstream target genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosystem I, photosystem II, catechin biosynthesis, flowering, and abscisic acid signaling, and proteins that directly bind to GLKs, including kinases, E3 ligases, repressors of GLK activity, histone deacetylases, transcriptional coregulators, and transcription factors. This overview of GLK‐related pathways supports the pleiotropic function of GLKs as core regulators of a multi‐regulatory system involving plant greening and other phenotypes.
Field survey of the phase and sex ratios of the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) using sex‐specific molecular markers
Authors: Arai Takahiro , Koiwai Keiichiro , Nozaki Reiko , Kondo Hidehiro , Hirono Ikuo , Suzuki Hidekazu , Kamiya Mitsunobu
Published: January 2024

Dominance of one phase (i.e. diploid or haploid) has been reported in various isomorphic macroalgae; however, studies of the relative frequencies of the two phases are limited to a few taxa owing to the difficulty in identifying phases of sterile thalli. In Dictyota dichotoma, we have previously documented the dominance of fertile sporophytes. In the present study, the phase and sex ratios of sterile thalli of D. dichotoma were determined using newly developed sex‐specific markers. Differentially expressed genes were detected by transcriptome analyses of female and male gametophytic strains and a sporophytic strain aiming to identify candidate sex‐specific genes. These candidates were aligned with genome sequences on the sex chromosomes of Ectocarpus siliculosus and were identified as putative sex‐specific genes of D. dichotoma. Two primer sets were designed to discriminate phase and sex by the presence or absence of PCR products, and these markers were applied to examine the phase and sex ratios of D. dichotoma in various habitats and seasons. The proportion of sporophytes against 33–50 thalli examined in each of the five habitats at Ebisu Island, Shizuoka Prefecture was 88–100%, and the proportion of fertile sporophytes against total sporophytes (fertility proportion) varied among the habitats (0–54%). The fertile sporophytes were remarkably larger than the sterile sporophytes. At Tateyama, Chiba Prefecture, the dominance of sporophytes occurred in all seasons. The fertility proportion of sporophyte was relatively high from February (62.4%) to May (91.9%) and lower than 23% in other seasons. When artificial substrates were anchored in the middle of the D. dichotoma population, newly recruited thalli were all sporophytes, suggesting infrequent reproduction via tetraspores in nature. Based on these findings, we discuss potential fitness differences between the phases of D. dichotoma.
Direct topsoil transfer to already planted reforestation sites increases native plant understory and not ruderals
Authors: Hamberg Jonas , Robinson Derek T. , Trant Andrew J. , Richardson Paul J. , Murphy Stephen D.
Published: January 2024

Forests restored passively or by tree planting can take many decades to be recolonized by native forest understory plant species, if at all. Our study tested (1) the ability of forest topsoil transfer to accelerate the recovery of native forest plant communities in post‐agricultural reforestation sites after tree‐planting and without previous topsoil removal and (2) the effect of adding combinations of woody debris (WD), shrub plantings, and shade shelters (SS) on top of the transferred topsoil. Five 12.5 × 10 m treatment blocks were established in each of three recipient sites, which included two post‐agricultural reforestation sites, and one abandoned gravel pit site. Each treatment blocks received forest topsoil and a combination of additional treatments. Treatment and control plots were sampled for all vascular species in spring and summer. Native forest plant species richness in topsoil recipient plots was similar (p > 0.05) to that of mature donor forest sites, and significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of passive control plots in the recipient sites. The plant community composition of all topsoil recipient plots had also become more like the donor forests and less like recipient site controls. Only the unplanted gravel pit‐site increased in non‐native ruderal plant species after topsoil transfer. The addition of WD, shrub plantings, or SS had no significant effect after two growing seasons. We recommend that topsoil should when possible be added where trees have already been planted, allowing for shorter time to canopy closure and thereby higher survival of shade‐adapted understory species.
Impact of manufacturing servitization on total factor productivity under global trade openness
Authors: Wang Hongsen , Fang Shuanxi , Guo Qing , Meng Bo
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the impact of manufacturing servitization, service trade openness, and their interaction on the total factor productivity (TFP) of the manufacturing industry. Using panel data covering 43 economies, the study finds that higher levels of manufacturing servitization and service trade openness lead to higher TFP in the manufacturing industry. In addition, the positive impact of manufacturing servitization on TFP is greater in economies with higher levels of service trade openness. The study also shows that trade creation and research and development innovation mediate the relationship between manufacturing servitization, service trade openness, and TFP. Finally, the paper finds that the positive impact of manufacturing servitization, service trade openness, and their interaction on TFP is greater in developing countries and in low‐ and high‐TFP manufacturing industries. This research contributes to understanding the intricate relationship between manufacturing servitization, service trade openness, and manufacturing TFP.
A rare vascular injury in a blood donor after whole blood donation
Authors: Scuracchio Patricia , Achkar Ruth , Dias Lara , Oliveira Melina , Casella Ivan , Presti Calogero , Fachini Roberta , Wendel Silvano
Published: January 2024

Background

Blood donation is a safe process though reactions may still occur. We describe a rare vascular complication in a frequent donor, with improvements in the collection process aimed at avoiding future events.

Methods

A 63‐year‐old woman presented with local pain and an apparent collection in the left arm 8 days after donation. Duplex ultrasound identified a superficial liquid collection and signs of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) between the cubital vein and an arterial branch. A computed tomography (CT)‐angio performed 1 day after ultrasound did not identify signs of AVF, followed by a new duplex which confirmed CT‐angio findings. It was assumed that a traumatic AVF evolved with spontaneous thrombosis. In the early follow‐up (18 days), a progressive regression of hematoma was observed without any sequelae.

Results

Investigation showed a faster whole blood bag collection time (3 min; normal: 5–9 min), and the processed packed red blood cell had a brighter red color than usual. The donor reported local bleeding after needle withdrawal, not observed in previous donations and a bruise forming on the same day. No arterial puncture (AP) was noticed by the collection staff during the procedure. The staff was retrained and actions were taken focusing on more active surveillance of late reactions, highlighting the importance of post‐donation information by the donors, regardless of any adverse reaction observed, to detect late complications.

Conclusion

We described an uncommon AP in a donor that was not identified, leading to an AVF that spontaneously thrombosed.
Contagio emocional: ventana de apertura hacia el encuentro con el otro, en niños con autismo
Authors: Pacca Laura , Villalobos María Eugenia
Published: January 2024

Objetivo. Presentar las comprensiones desarrolladas en la investigación interinstitucional internacional “Desarrollo de un protocolo clínico para el diagnóstico temprano del autismo”, cuyo fin es, desde el momento del proceso diagnóstico, ampliar la visión del niño con autismo en los contextos médico, educativo y social, desde la comprensión de la complejidad de su mundo interior. Método. Se utilizó la prueba TCE para indagar sobre la presencia de Contagio Emocional (CE) en los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Resultados. El análisis del caso de uno de los niños de la población de investigación permitió poner en evidencia la presencia de CE como indicador de posibilidades del niño con TEA, para ingresar a la constitución de intersubjetividad. Así, el CE se constituye en una brújula para la propuesta terapéutica dirigida a las personas con TEA, que los convoque a nuevos encuentros. Conclusión. Incluso con un bloqueo del desarrollo emocional, en los sujetos TEA es posible identificar pequeñas aperturas hacia la emoción de los otros, “ventanas” y posibilidades para el desarrollo relacional de estos niños, lo cual se transforma en preludio de construcciones más complejas como la empatía y el vínculo.
La relación entre Candomblé y la escuela en el contexto brasileño: una revisión de literatura
Authors: Candido da Silva Cátia , Ferraz de Castillo D. Freire Sandra , Teixeira Borges Fabrícia
Published: January 2024

Objetivo. Identificar cómo la relación entre el Terreiro de Candomblé y la escuela se viene tratando en la literatura científica, prioritariamente por la Psicología del Desarrollo. Método. Los artículos fueron recopilados en bases de datos nacionales (Brasil) e internacionales, y registrados en la matriz PRISMA. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, fueron seleccionados 23 artículos, lo que permitió el análisis vertical y horizontal de categorías como temas, área de publicación, metodologías, entre otros. Resultados. Hay interés creciente sobre el tema, prioritariamente, en Educación y Ciencias Sociales. Conclusión. Se discute sobre la discriminación, los prejuicios y la violencia sufridos por adeptos de las religiones afrobrasileñas. Se ha identificado un vacío sobre el tema en revistas de psicología y sobre el desarrollo de procesos subjetivos en la experiencia en la frontera terreiro y escuela.
Construcción del self dialógico en la transición de la escuela básica a la secundaria
Authors: Roncancio-Moreno Mónica , Aristizábal Oviedo Danna , Díaz-Upegui Katherine
Published: January 2024

Objetivos. Explorar los procesos de construcción del self dialógico en niños en transición del último grado del ciclo de educación básica primaria al primer año del ciclo de educación secundaria, desde una perspectiva que integra tanto el abordaje de la psicología cultural como la teoría del self dialógico. Método. Se diseñó un estudio cualitativo de aproximación idiográfica con el uso de observaciones de campo, entrevistas a los niños, educadores y cuidadores, y una situación semiestructurada para los niños. Resultados. Se observó una dinámica de tensiones y emergencia de nuevos significados en el sistema de self dialógico, alimentada por las orientaciones culturales de otros que hacen presencia significativa en la vida de los niños y niñas y por el escenario que representan las transiciones escolares. En ambos casos, se identificaron campos afectivo-semióticos y posicionamientos dinámicos de sí particulares. Conclusión. La dinámica del self dialógico es alimentada por diversos significados construidos a partir de signos hipergeneralizados de carácter afectivo a lo largo del desarrollo, la cual se configura y reconfigura mediante procesos de canalización cultural y reconocimiento anticipado. Se destacó la necesidad de otorgar una voz a los participantes, de manera que permita procesos de reflexión y reposicionamiento.
Depresión y estrés percibido en una muestra de parejas mexicanas durante el embarazo primerizo
Authors: Reyna-Martínez Mónica , González-Ramírez Mónica T. , Vanegas-Farfano Minerva T.
Published: January 2024

Objetivo. Evaluar niveles de estrés percibido y depresión, asociados a parejas con embarazo primerizo. Método. Estudio transversal correlacional con muestreo por conveniencia, que emplea el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI-II) y la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS). Participaron 94 parejas mexicanas con embarazo primerizo de una institución de salud pública. Resultados. Diferencias significativas entre sexos, pero en ambos padres, el estrés no muestra severidad (< 28) y la depresión se encuentra en niveles de nada a mínimos (M = 4.64, DE = 3). Las correlaciones de Spearman entre grupos son positivas y significativas en estrés percibido (rs = 0.26, p = 0.001) y depresión (rs = 0.30, p = 0.001). Conclusión. Los hallazgos revelan escasa severidad, pero según los puntos de corte, las mujeres exhiben mayor prevalencia de estrés (10.6%) y depresión (24.5%), en comparación con los hombres (6.4% y 9.6% respectivamente), coincidiendo con otros informes. Las asociaciones entre la pareja muestran dependencia, por tanto, se asume una relación estrecha, donde el comportamiento de uno afecta el resultado del otro; esto representa un factor de riesgo para la díada. Se propone profundizar sobre factores de riesgo asociados a la problemática de salud pública que involucran las variables del estudio.
Aproximaciones al desarrollo: diálogos de frontera entre las teorías socioculturales y Bergson
Authors: Reyes-Rojas Mónica , Sánchez- Río Hernán , Simão Mathia Livia
Published: January 2024

Objetivo. Este artículo de reflexión teórica se interesa en establecer un diálogo de frontera entre las perspectivas desarrollistas de la teoría de Bergson y la teoría sociocultural de Vygotsky para reconocer aproximaciones y distanciamientos. Método. Este estudio de corte cualitativo documental está orientado por reseñas analíticas y matrices de comparación de ambas perspectivas teóricas: Resultados. Se contrasta la noción evolutiva de cambio en la teoría de Bergson y Vygotsky. La noción de desarrollo que subyace a ambas perspectivas y sus referentes metodológicas. Discusión. La discusión enmarca el diálogo de los dos autores con el CSC para reconocer las potencialidades de su planteamiento acerca del cambio en el desarrollo a partir de las negociaciones con los otros y con un enfoque que recupera la importancia de los procesos de significación e integra ambos autores de forma creativa y novedosa.
Hechos victimizantes, gestión de conflictos y agresividad en víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano
Authors: Velandia-Arias Camilo Javier , Paba-Barbosa Carmelina
Published: January 2024

Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre hechos victimizantes, habilidades para la gestión de conflictos y agresividad en víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano. Método. Estudio correlacional con diseño transversal. Participaron 51 personas incluidas en el Registro Único de Víctimas, seleccionadas mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se emplearon la Escala de Solución de Conflicto y el Inventario de Situaciones y Comportamientos Agresivos. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, coeficientes de correlación y prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados. Se identificó una alta prevalencia de polivictimización y escasa vinculación al Programa de Atención Psicosocial y Salud Integral a Víctimas. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas y con tamaños de efecto grandes: las víctimas de violencia sexual demostraron más empatía, las víctimas de amenazas obtuvieron mejores puntuaciones en diferentes habilidades para la gestión de conflictos y la modalidad individual del Programa de Atención Psicosocial y Salud Integral a Víctimas se asoció con mayor evaluación de resultados. Conclusión. Las agresiones sexuales, las amenazas contra la integridad y la atención psicosocial individual se asociaron a mayores o menores habilidades para la gestión de conflictos en víctimas del conflicto armado residentes en el Magdalena. Sin embargo, este hallazgo debe analizarse sopesando numerosos factores personales, sociales e históricos.
Efficiency Tests of Turbine Water Wheels
Authors: Webber Wm. O.
Published: January 2024

These are records of a series of consecutive tests under uniform conditions of four water wheels, with the same apparatus and the same observers, to determine the efficiency of the wheels, and ascertain the effects of corrosion and wear upon the relative efficiency of the wheels, also to determine whether more modern wheels would show greater relative efficiencies, and whether it would be more economical to operate all of the wheels at part gate all of the time, or some of the wheels at full gate part of the time.

The tests are instructive because of the wide range of speeds and gate openings covered systematically and consecutively. They show conclusively that water wheels should be run at the speed for which they are designed under any given head, that modern wheels, with coarser buckets having a spoon-shaped discharge depending below the guide ring of the wheel, and with the outer periphery of the bucket at discharge of greater diameter than the bucket at entrance, would give much more power, higher speed, and greater efficiencies from the same water than from wheels of older design without these modern improvements.

They also show how rapidly a complete series of efficiency tests of a wheel can be made with properly designed apparatus efficiently handled by a corps of intelligent observers.
Wired together, change together: Spike timing modifies transmission in converging assemblies
Authors: Spivak Lidor , Someck Shirly , Levi Amir , Sivroni Shir , Stark Eran
Published: January 2024

The precise timing of neuronal spikes may lead to changes in synaptic connectivity and is thought to be crucial for learning and memory. However, the effect of spike timing on neuronal connectivity in the intact brain remains unknown. Using closed-loop optogenetic stimulation in CA1 of freely moving mice, we generated unique spike patterns between presynaptic pyramidal cells (PYRs) and postsynaptic parvalbumin (PV)–immunoreactive cells. The stimulation led to spike transmission changes that occurred together across all presynaptic PYRs connected to the same postsynaptic PV cell. The precise timing of all presynaptic and postsynaptic cell spikes affected transmission changes. These findings reveal an unexpected plasticity mechanism, in which the spike timing of an entire cell assembly has a more substantial impact on effective connectivity than that of individual cell pairs.
An in situ digital synthesis strategy for the discovery and description of ocean life
Authors: Burns John A. , Becker Kaitlyn P. , Casagrande David , Daniels Joost , Roberts Paul , Orenstein Eric , Vogt Daniel M. , Teoh Zhi Ern , Wood Ryan , Yin Alexander H. , Genot Baptiste , Gruber David F. , Katija Kakani , Wood Robert J. , Phillips Brennan T.
Published: January 2024

Revolutionary advancements in underwater imaging, robotics, and genomic sequencing have reshaped marine exploration. We present and demonstrate an interdisciplinary approach that uses emerging quantitative imaging technologies, an innovative robotic encapsulation system with in situ RNA preservation and next-generation genomic sequencing to gain comprehensive biological, biophysical, and genomic data from deep-sea organisms. The synthesis of these data provides rich morphological and genetic information for species description, surpassing traditional passive observation methods and preserved specimens, particularly for gelatinous zooplankton. Our approach enhances our ability to study delicate mid-water animals, improving research in the world’s oceans.
Ultrathin covalent organic framework nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Zhou Enbo , Zhang Xiang , Zhu Lei , Chai Erchong , Chen Jinsong , Li Jie , Yuan Daqiang , Kang Longtian , Sun Qingfu , Wang Yaobing
Published: January 2024

Photocatalytic water oxidation is a key half-reaction for various solar-to-fuel conversion systems but requires simultaneous water affinity and hole accumulation at the photocatalytic site. Here, we present the rational design and synthesis of an ionic-type covalent organic framework (COF) named tetraphenylporphyrin cobalt and cobalt bipyridine complex (CoTPP-CoBpy
3
) COF, combining cobalt porphyrin and cobalt bipyridine building blocks as a photocatalyst for water oxidation. The good dispersibility of porous large-size (>2 micrometers) COF nanosheets (≈1.45 nanometers) facilitates local water collection; the ultrafast triplet-state charge transfer (1.8 picoseconds) and prolonged charge separation (1.2 nanoseconds) further contribute to the efficient accumulation of holes in the CoTPP moiety, leading to a photocatalytic dioxygen production rate of 7323 micromoles per gram per hour. Moreover, we have identified an end-on superoxide radical (O
2
·
) intermediate at the active site of the CoTPP moiety and proposed an electron-intermediate cascade mechanism that elucidates the synergistic coupling of electron relay (S
1
-T
1
-T
1
′) and intermediate evolution during the photocatalytic process.
Small-molecule inhibition of glycogen synthase 1 for the treatment of Pompe disease and other glycogen storage disorders
Authors: Ullman Julie C. , Mellem Kevin T. , Xi Yannan , Ramanan Vyas , Merritt Hanne , Choy Rebeca , Gujral Tarunmeet , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Blake Kerrigan , Tep Samnang , Homburger Julian R. , O’Regan Adam , Ganesh Sandya , Wong Perryn , Satterfield Terrence F. , Lin Baiwei , Situ Eva , Yu Cecile , Espanol Bryan , Sarwaikar Richa , Fastman Nathan , Tzitzilonis Christos , Lee Patrick , Reiton Daniel , Morton Vivian , Santiago Pam , Won Walter , Powers Hannah , Cummings Beryl B. , Hoek Maarten , Graham Robert R. , Chandriani Sanjay J. , Bainer Russell , DePaoli-Roach Anna A. , Roach Peter J. , Hurley Thomas D. , Sun Ramon C. , Gentry Matthew S. , Sinz Christopher , Dick Ryan A. , Noonberg Sarah B. , Beattie David T. , Morgans Jr. David J. , Green Eric M.
Published: January 2024

Glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1), the rate-limiting enzyme in muscle glycogen synthesis, plays a central role in energy homeostasis and has been proposed as a therapeutic target in multiple glycogen storage diseases. Despite decades of investigation, there are no known potent, selective small-molecule inhibitors of this enzyme. Here, we report the preclinical characterization of MZ-101, a small molecule that potently inhibits GYS1 in vitro and in vivo without inhibiting GYS2, a related isoform essential for synthesizing liver glycogen. Chronic treatment with MZ-101 depleted muscle glycogen and was well tolerated in mice. Pompe disease, a glycogen storage disease caused by mutations in acid α glucosidase (GAA), results in pathological accumulation of glycogen and consequent autophagolysosomal abnormalities, metabolic dysregulation, and muscle atrophy. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant GAA is the only approved treatment for Pompe disease, but it requires frequent infusions, and efficacy is limited by suboptimal skeletal muscle distribution. In a mouse model of Pompe disease, chronic oral administration of MZ-101 alone reduced glycogen buildup in skeletal muscle with comparable efficacy to ERT. In addition, treatment with MZ-101 in combination with ERT had an additive effect and could normalize muscle glycogen concentrations. Biochemical, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses of muscle tissue demonstrated that lowering of glycogen concentrations with MZ-101, alone or in combination with ERT, corrected the cellular pathology in this mouse model. These data suggest that substrate reduction therapy with GYS1 inhibition may be a promising therapeutic approach for Pompe disease and other glycogen storage diseases.
TMEM106B core deposition associates with TDP-43 pathology and is increased in risk SNP carriers for frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Marks Jordan D. , Ayuso Virginia Estades , Carlomagno Yari , Yue Mei , Todd Tiffany W. , Hao Ying , Li Ziyi , McEachin Zachary T. , Shantaraman Anantharaman , Duong Duc M. , Daughrity Lillian M. , Jansen-West Karen , Shao Wei , Calliari Anna , Bejarano Jesus Gonzalez , DeTure Michael , Rawlinson Bailey , Casey Monica Castanedes , Lilley Meredith T. , Donahue Megan H. , Jawahar Vidhya Maheswari , Boeve Bradley F. , Petersen Ronald C. , Knopman David S. , Oskarsson Björn , Graff-Radford Neill R. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Dickson Dennis W. , Josephs Keith A. , Qi Yue A. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Ward Michael E. , Zhang Yong-Jie , Prudencio Mercedes , Petrucelli Leonard , Cook Casey N.
Published: January 2024

Genetic variation at the transmembrane protein 106B gene (
TMEM106B)
has been linked to risk of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP) through an unknown mechanism. We found that presence of the
TMEM106B
rs3173615 protective genotype was associated with longer survival after symptom onset in a postmortem FTLD-TDP cohort, suggesting a slower disease course. The seminal discovery that filaments derived from TMEM106B is a common feature in aging and, across a range of neurodegenerative disorders, suggests that genetic variants in
TMEM106B
could modulate disease risk and progression through modulating TMEM106B aggregation. To explore this possibility and assess the pathological relevance of TMEM106B accumulation, we generated a new antibody targeting the TMEM106B filament core sequence. Analysis of postmortem samples revealed that the
TMEM106B
rs3173615 risk allele was associated with higher TMEM106B core accumulation in patients with FTLD-TDP. In contrast, minimal TMEM106B core deposition was detected in carriers of the protective allele. Although the abundance of monomeric full-length TMEM106B was unchanged, carriers of the protective genotype exhibited an increase in dimeric full-length TMEM106B. Increased TMEM106B core deposition was also associated with enhanced TDP-43 dysfunction, and interactome data suggested a role for TMEM106B core filaments in impaired RNA transport, local translation, and endolysosomal function in FTLD-TDP. Overall, these findings suggest that prevention of TMEM106B core accumulation is central to the mechanism by which the
TMEM106B
protective haplotype reduces disease risk and slows progression.
Antibodies targeting the fusion peptide on the HIV envelope provide protection to rhesus macaques against mucosal SHIV challenge
Authors: Pegu Amarendra , Lovelace Sarah E. , DeMouth Megan E. , Cully Michelle D. , Morris Daniel J. , Li Yingying , Wang Keyun , Schmidt Stephen D. , Choe Misook , Liu Cuiping , Chen Xuejun , Viox Elise , Rowshan Ariana , Taft Justin D. , Zhang Baoshan , Xu Kai , Duan Hongying , Ou Li , Todd John-Paul , Kong Rui , Li Hui , Shaw George M. , Doria-Rose Nicole A. , Kwong Peter D. , Koup Richard A. , Mascola John R.
Published: January 2024

The fusion peptide (FP) on the HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer can be targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Here, we evaluated the ability of a human FP-directed bNAb, VRC34.01, along with two vaccine-elicited anti-FP rhesus macaque mAbs, DFPH-a.15 and DF1W-a.01, to protect against simian-HIV (SHIV)
BG505
challenge. VRC34.01 neutralized SHIV
BG505
with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC
50
) of 0.58 μg/ml, whereas DF1W-a.01 and DFPH-a.15 were 4- or 30-fold less potent, respectively. VRC34.01 was infused into four rhesus macaques at a dose of 10 mg/kg and four rhesus macaques at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. The animals were intrarectally challenged 5 days later with SHIV
BG505
. In comparison with all 12 control animals that became infected, all four animals infused with VRC34.01 (10 mg/kg) and three out of four animals infused with VRC34.01 (2.5 mg/kg) remained uninfected. Because of the lower potency of DF1W-a.01 and DFPH-a.15 against SHIV
BG505
, we infused both Abs at a higher dose of 100 mg/kg into four rhesus macaques each, followed by SHIV
BG505
challenge 5 days later. Three of four animals that received DF1W-a.01 were protected against infection, whereas all animals that received DFPH-a.15 were protected. Overall, the protective serum neutralization titers observed in these animals were similar to what has been observed for other bNAbs in similar SHIV infection models and in human clinical trials. In conclusion, FP-directed mAbs can thus provide dose-dependent in vivo protection against mucosal SHIV challenges, supporting the development of prophylactic vaccines targeting the HIV-1 Env FP.
Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of colistin on
Acinetobacter baumannii
biofilm formation potency, adherence, and invasion to epithelial host cells: an experimental study in an Iranian children’s referral hospital
Authors: Yousefi Nojookambari Neda , Eslami Gita , Sadredinamin Mehrzad , Vaezjalali Maryam , Nikmanesh Bahram , Dehbanipour Razieh , Yazdansetad Sajjad , Ghalavand Zohreh
Published: January 2024

Here, we described the efficacy of colistin sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) on biofilm-forming activity, host epithelial cell adherence, and invasion capacity of
Acinetobacter baumannii
strains collected from children admitted to the Children’s Medical Center Hospital. Biofilm formation potency of
A. baumannii
clinical isolates was measured using a 96-well microtiter plate assay. Distribution of biofilm-related genes, including
bap
,
abaI
,
ompA
,
csuE
, and
bla
PER-1
, was detected by PCR. The mRNA expression level of
ompA
and
csuE
was measured by qPCR in the presence of ¼ and ½ MICs of colistin.
A. baumannii
adhesion and invasion to eukaryotic host cells were phenotypically assayed at sub-MICs of colistin. Eighty percent (56/70) and 35.7% (25/70) of
A. baumannii
isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes, respectively. The strong, moderate, and weak biofilm producers of
A. baumannii
were 37.1% (26/70), 32.8%, (23/70), and 22.8% (16/70), respectively. The frequencies of biofilm-associated genes were 100% for
abaI
,
ompA
, and
csuE
, followed by 22.8% (16/70) and 24.3% (17/70) for
bap
and
bla
PER-1
, respectively. The downregulation of
csuE
and
ompA
expression levels was observed in the sub-MIC of colistin.
In vitro
cell culture study showed a decreased capability of
A. baumannii
to adhere to the human epithelial cells at sub-inhibitory doses of colistin; however, none of the isolates could invade HEp-2 cells. Our study showed that the genes encoding biofilm-associated proteins undergo downregulation in expression levels after exposure to sub-MICs of colistin in
A. baumannii
. Longitudinal
in vivo
studies are needed to fully understand the clinical aspects of pathogenicity mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of drug resistance.

IMPORTANCE

Since the toxicity of colistin is dose dependent, there is a focus on strategies that reduce the dose while maintaining the therapeutic effect of the drug. Our findings about sub-inhibitory doses of colistin provide a novel insight into the logical use of colistin to treat and control
Acinetobacter baumannii
-related infections in clinical practice.
Supplemental Material: A late refugium for Classopollis in the Paleocene Lower Wilcox Group along the Texas Gulf Coast
Authors: Smith Vann , al. et
Published: January 2024

 Well information, Classopollis abundance, biostratigraphic interpretation, and geochemical data.  
Supplemental Material: Does zircon geochemistry record global sediment subduction?
Authors: Sundell Kurt E. , al. et
Published: January 2024

Zircon δ18O database and details of sensitivity testing.  
Supplemental Material: Structure and provenance of the Cretaceous Pingshanhu Basin in the Hexi Corridor: Implications for Mesozoic tectonics in the northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wu Chen , al. et , Liu Wenyou
Published: January 2024

Table S1: Detailed results of detrital zircon U-Pb analyses for sandstone samples from Pingshanhu Basin. Table S2: Summary of geochronology results for magmatic rocks in the Qilian Shan and the Alxa block. 
Acute inferior vena cava thromboembolism in pregnancy
Authors: Bilyalova Gulshat , Iskalieva Saira , Baibusunova Aida , Boshanova Assel
Published: January 2024

A multigravida in her late 20s was diagnosed with inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT) and PE at 26 weeks of pregnancy after a routine prenatal care visit. The patient denied any diseases that could cause IVCT, as well as the presence of any symptoms. Progressive thrombocytopenia was diagnosed in the period until the implantation of the inferior vena cava filter (IVCF). Due to a rupture of foetal membranes and chorioamnionitis, labour was induced at 32 weeks of pregnancy. The IVCF remained in place and anticoagulants were continued through the postpartum period for up to 6 months.
Unveiling the fungal color palette: pigment analysis of Fusarium solani species complex and Curvularia verruculosa clinical isolates
Authors: Chaves-González Luis Enrique , Jaikel-Víquez Daniela , Lozada-Alvarado Stefany , Granados-Chinchilla Fabio
Published: January 2024

Fungal species in the Nectriaceae, such as Fusarium spp. ( Hypocreales: Nectriaceae), are etiologic agents of hyalohyphomycosis capable of producing violaceous or yellowish pigments under certain conditions, while Curvularia spp. ( Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae) are agents of phaeohyphomycosis and typically produce melanin in their cell walls. In nectriaceous and pleosporaceous fungi, these pigments are mainly constituted by polyketides (e.g., azaphilones, naphthoquinones, and hydroxyanthraquinones). Considering the importance of pigments synthesized by these genera, this work focused on the selective extraction of pigments produced by eight Fusarium solani species complex and one Curvularia verruculosa isolate recovered from dermatomycosis specimens, their separation, purification, and posterior chemical analysis. The pigments were characterized through spectral and acid–base analysis, and their maximum production time was determined. Moreover, spectral identification of isolates was carried out to approach the taxonomic specificity of pigment production. Herein we describe the isolation and characterization of three acidic pigments, yellowish and pinkish azaphilones (i.e., coaherin A and sclerotiorin), and a purplish xanthone, reported for the first time in the Nectriaceae and Pleosporaceae, which appear to be synthesized in a species-independent manner, in the case of fusaria.
Generalized second law of thermodynamics in massive gravity
Authors: Beigmohammadi Mohammad , Karami Kayoomars
Published: January 2024

Here, we study the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics in the framework of massive gravity. To do this, we consider a FRW universe filled only with matter and enclosed by the apparent horizon. In addition, we consider two models including generalized massive gravity (GMG) as well as dRGT massive gravity on de Sitter. For both models, we first study the dynamics of background cosmology and then explore the validity of GSL. We conclude that for the selected values of model parameters the GSL is respected.
Relationship between Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Thromboembolic Events in Elderly Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Huang Jiajun , Gu Wenxi , Hao Xiaojiao , Li Guiru , Yuan Yumin , Lu Yingmin
Published: January 2024

Objective. To investigate the relationship between brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and thromboembolic events in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods. This is a prospective cohort study, and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 180 elderly patients with NVAF were included. The patients received follow-up appointments in the clinic or by telephone every 6 months after the beginning of the study. The primary follow-up endpoints were thromboembolic and atherosclerotic events, including ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and systemic embolism. The secondary endpoints were adverse events, including cardiovascular death, all-cause death, and hospitalisation for heart failure. Patients were divided into three groups according to their BNP level at admission: group A (BNP ≤334.5 pg/mL), group B (BNP = 334.5–1,288 pg/mL), and group C (BNP ≥1,288 pg/mL). Results. A total of 180 patients were enrolled in this study, with 50 patients in group A, 68 in group B, and 62 in group C. Compared with groups A and B, group C had a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (Z = 15.142; P=0.001) and a lower ejection fraction (EF) value (Z = 119.893; P=0.001). The left atrium (LA) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) were larger (Z = 105.031; P=0.001 and Z = 74.430; P=0.001), respectively, suggesting that patients with significantly increased BNP had a higher risk of thromboembolism and atherosclerosis, lower EF, larger LA and LVEDD, and worse cardiac function. After 1 year of follow-up, the incidence of primary endpoint events (χ2 = 9.556; P=0.008) and secondary endpoint events (χ2 = 59.485; P=0.001) in group C were higher than those in groups A and B. Conclusion. Higher BNP levels may be an independent risk factor for thromboembolic and atherosclerotic events in elderly patients with NVAF. The higher the BNP level, the greater the risk of thromboembolic and atherosclerotic events.
Assessment of Edible Woody Plants’ Diversity, Their Threats, and Local People’s Perception in Borecha Woreda of Buno Bedele Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Beleta Kitessa Gemechu , Jiru Dereje Bekele , Tolera Kumela Dibaba
Published: January 2024

Edible woody plants play an essential role in ensuring the food and livelihood security of communities. However, the management practice and diversity of those plants are declined, particularly in an urbanizing world, due to a lack of traditional awareness among the people. This research identified edible woody plants’ diversity, their threats, and local people’s perception in Borecha woreda of Buno Bedele Zone, southwestern Ethiopia. Data on edible woody plants were gathered through interviews with 105 households (67 men and 38 women) between the ages of 21 and 90. Structured and semistructured questionnaires were used to obtain the data from informants. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the number of edible woody plants reported by age and literacy level of respondents. Forty-three species of edible woody plants, belonging to 34 genera and 24 families, were identified. Fruits (79.1%), roots (14%), leaves (2.3%), stems (2.3%), and seeds (2.3%) were identified as the edible parts of these plants. Fruits are the most edible plant part usually consumed fresh without cooking in the study area. The identified plants have a variety of growth forms: shrubs (49%), trees (37%), and lianas (14%) respectively. The most common plant growth forms in the study site were shrubs. In the study area, agricultural expansion, overharvesting, and lack of natural regeneration were the major threats to edible woody plants. In the study area, cutting for constructions was the primary hazard to edible woody plants. In situ and ex situ conservation strategies and efforts of plantation practices in the agricultural landscape are needed for sustaining the edible woody plants in the study area.
Synergistic Cytotoxicity of Extracts of Chaga Mushroom and Microalgae against Mammalian Cancer Cells In Vitro
Authors: Wagle Sajeev , Lee Julie Anne , Rupasinghe H. P. Vasantha
Published: January 2024

Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) contains bioactive metabolites and has been used to treat various ailments, including cancer. Similarly, marine microalgae are considered a sustainable food supplement with anticancer and antioxidant properties. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of different extracts prepared from I. obliquus and microalgae using cultured human and canine cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HepG2, HOS, D-17, and DH-82). MTS cell viability assay was used to study the cytotoxicity of I. obliquus and microalgae extracts, and a synergy matrix effect was used to study the combined effect of the extracts. Isobologram analysis and the highest single agent synergy model were applied to study and validate the synergy between the extracts from I. obliquus and microalgae. Ethanol-based extraction and supercritical water extract significantly inhibited the growth of various mammalian cancer cells compared to aqueous extracts. Osteosarcoma cells were more susceptible to the supercritical extracts of I. obliquus and chlorophyll-free and sugar-free ethanol extracts of microalgae. A combination of ethanol-based I. obliquus extract and chlorophyll-free microalgae extract resulted in a synergistic interaction with various tested cancer cells. This study provides experimental evidence supporting the potential therapeutic application of I. obliquus and microalgae extracts with a synergistic effect to inhibit the growth of various mammalian cancer cells. Additional in vivo studies are required to fully explore possible therapeutic applications of these unique mixtures to be used in treating cancers.
The Use of Noninvasive Velacur® for Discriminating between Volunteers and Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Curry Michael P. , Tam Edward , Schneider Caitlin , Abdelgelil Noha , Hassanien Tarek , Afdhal Nezam H.
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the leading cause of chronic liver disease globally and can progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. Current AASLD, AGA, and ADA guidelines recommend assessment for liver fibrosis in all patients with NAFLD. Serum biomarkers for fibrosis, while widely available, have notable limitations. Imaging-based noninvasive testing for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis is more accurate and is becoming more widespread. Methods. We evaluated the feasibility of a novel shear wave absolute vibroelastography (S-WAVE) modality called Velacur® for assessing liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for fibrosis and attenuation coefficient estimation (ACE) in differentiating patients with chronic liver disease from normal healthy controls. Results. Fifty-four healthy controls and 89 patients with NAFLD or cured HCV with a prior known LSM of >8 kPa were enrolled, and all subjects were evaluated with FibroScan® and Velacur®. Velacur® was able to discriminate patients with increased liver stiffness as determined by a FibroScan® score of >8 kPa from healthy controls with an AUC of 0.938 (0.88-0.96). For assessment of steatosis in NAFLD patients only, Velacur® could identify patients with steatosis from healthy controls with an AUC of 0.831 (0.777-0.880). The Velacur® scan quality assessment was superior in healthy controls, as compared to patients, and the scan quality, as assessed by the quality factor (QF) and interquartile range (IQR)/median, was affected by BMI. Velacur® was safe and well tolerated by patients, and there were no adverse events. Conclusion. Velacur® assessment of liver stiffness measurement and liver attenuation is comparable to results obtained by FibroScan® and is an alternative technology for monitoring liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic liver disease. This trial is registered with NCT03957070.