bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Substance Abuse on Nigeria’s Economic Performance
Authors: Ikhayere Jossy Ijie , Babalola Abdurrauf Idowu , Yelwa Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study: This study investigated the effect of substance abuse on the real growth rate in Nigeria between 1993 and 2017. The study specifically examined the period-based impact of substance abuse prevalence and rehabilitated individual drug addicts on the actual growth rate of the Nigerian economy.

Methodology: Autoregressive distributed lag and co-integration/bound test techniques were employed to analyze the data obtained. In between, correlation analysis and preliminary tests were carried out.

Main findings: The study found out that substance abuse and rehabilitated drug individuals have a significant impact on economic performance. While substance abuse has a significant negative impact, rehabilitated, individual drug addicts have a significant positive impact. However, in the long run, there was no indication of a significant impact on the Nigerian economy.

Research limitations/implications: This study will be of use to the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and most drug control programs in many countries. The Ministries of Economic Planning to examine the extent to which drug abuse has had an economic impact.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Economic analysis showcasing the effect of drug abuse prevalence and rehabilitated individuals on economic performance is quite scanty. This work creates a good reference point in areas of health economics and macroeconomics generally. It allows readers to know the genesis of drug trafficking and abuse in Nigeria.
Diagnose the Bioactive Compounds in Flaxseed Extract and Its Oil and Use Their Mixture as an Antioxidant
Authors: Al-Temimi Wasan K. A. , Al- Garory Najla H.S. , Khalaf Ali A.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to extract the important antioxidants components of flaxseed in different ways. The Determination of total phenol content, antioxidant activity and percentage of linoleic acid inhibition by DPPH for the components (Lignan, oil, 80 and 100% ethanolic extract and the deionized water extract). The components of flaxseed oil were identified using GC/MS. The efficiency of the mixture (80% ethanolic extract and oil)  was determined by inhibiting the process of oxidation of linoleic acid during storage periods (0, 7, 14 and 21 days) at laboratory temperature, and the following results were obtained:  The yield of lignan, oil, ethanol extract (80 and 100)% and deionized  water were (0.12,40.52,10.9,9.6 and 13 )g.100g-1 seed respectively, while the total phenolic content of the above components was (700,1165,3315,2098 and 483)mgGAE.100g-1,respectively. Flaxseed oil gave the highest antioxidant activity 79.3% with an inhibition percentage 73.19%, compared with ethanolic extract, lignan and water extract. The diagnosis of GC/MS flaxseed oil showed that  the oil was contained in compounds with antioxidant activity, including mono, di and tri-terpens such as Copaene, Monoterpene, ?- Sesquiphellandrene, Squalene, diethyl phthalate ,?-Sitosterol and Hexadecanoic acid, as well as, the presence of ascorbic acid and gamma tocopherol with good concentrations (8.68 and 2.62)% respectively. The mixture of 80% ethanol and oil extract showed an effect in decreasing of peroxide values with an increase of concentration of the added mixture (0.1, 0.4 and 0.10 mg.mg-1). The maximum reduction of the peroxide value at the concentration was 0.6 mg. mg-1, compared with the standard sample during the different durations of storage.
Growth Performance and Feed Efficiency Assessment of Two Groups of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Cultivated in Iraq
Authors: Al-Humairi Kadhim O.M. , Al-Tameemi Riyadh A. , Al-Noor Sajed S.
Published: June 2020

Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the growth performance and feed efficiency of two groups, old (H1) and new (H2) of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. (97.37+0.33 g). Fishes of the H1 introduced to Iraq in 1982 and then their reproduction and farming began on a large scale, while fishes of the H2 was introduced to Iraq in 2009 by Inmaa Agricultural Enterprises Organization. H2 group indicated significantly (p<0.05) better performance in several studied parameters which included specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV), total apparent digestibility and apparent digestibility of protein and carbohydrates. This group also recorded significant (p<0.05) lower feed satiation level and fat deposited in the body compared to the old group (H1). Results of the current experiment concluded that there is a clear higher efficiency of the group H2 in most studied growth and feed efficiency parameters, which indicates the possibility of obtaining higher productivity and better economic profits when used in farming activities.
Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA / DHA) and Vitamin E Addition on the Growth Performance and the Larvae Performance of Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Salih Osamah A. , Al-Dubakel Adel Y. , Gowdet Ali I.
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted in earthen ponds of shrimp hatchery belonging to the Basrah Agricultural Directorate, to find out the effect using of food additives omega-3 and Vitamin E on the performance of the growth and the quality of the produced larvae of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L.. Three treatments were used, the first treatment (T1) represented control without any food additives, the second treatment (T2) contained 5gm.Kg-1 diet of omega-3 fatty acids and the third treatment (T3) contained Vit. E was added at 200 mg.Kg-1 diet. The experiment lasted for 82 days. For each treatment three replicate were used and six common carp brood stock in each replicate. The productive parameters (body weight, weight gain, feed conversion rate, feed efficiency ratio% and specific and relative growth rate%) were measured. Results indicated an improvement in all production parameters and in the feed conversion efficiency of for T2 and T3, compared with the T1. The weight gain (526.39 gm.fish-1), feed conversion rate was 3.61 and feed efficiency ratio was  28.13% for the T2 which showed a significant differences (P<0.05) compared to the control, while T3 did not show significant differences (P>0.05 ) in comparison with both treatments T1 and T2; the specific and relative growth rate for T2 were 0.32%.day-1 and 30.81 %.day-1 respectively showed also a significant differences (P<0.05) compared with the control. These results showed that addition Vit. E to the diet improved the production parameters of common carp larvae better than in omega-3 and control treatments. The study concluded that addition omega-3 fatty acids at a concentration of 5gm Kg -1, and Vit. E at a concentration of 200 mg kg-1 to the diet enhanced the growth rates of common carp and improved larvae production.
Study some of Morphological and Physiological Traits of Kurrajong Brachychiton populneus (Schott & Endl.) Seedlings Planted under Water Stress Conditions
Authors: Karim Shaima A. , Qadir Sirwa A. , Sabr Halmat A.
Published: June 2020

In this study, Brachychiton populneus seedlings were subjected to drought stress for 90 Days and physiological and morphological characters analyzed to determine their response to water deficit. The growth characters including, height and diameter of shoots, the dry weight of shoots and roots as well as photosynthetic pigment and the leaves content of relative water content were measured to evaluate the effects of drought in the physiological growth of plant. The lowest means; 59 cm and 8 mm of shoot height and diameter respectively were recorded at 30% of water holding capacity of soil (WHC). Drought treated seedlings at both 60% and 30% WHC had lower dry weight of shoots; 9.54 and 8.24 g plant-1 respectively compared  to the control. Consequently, the increase of drought conditions led to enhancement the growth of roots and roots to shoots ratio. The highest increase in the dry weight of roots and roots to shoots ratio were25.96 g plant-1 and 3.19 recorded under severe drought stress condition. Lowest amount of chlorophyll a; 2.94 mg g-1 F W recorded under 30% SWHC. It is found also the total content of chlorophyll in the leaves decreased significantly; 5.86 and 7.88 mg g-1 F W under both levels. While the highest ratio of chlorophyll a: b was 1.59 recorded at 60% SWHC. However, the lowest leave relative water content LRWC%; 86% was recorded under 30% SWHC. These findings may explain the characters of the early growth and physiological responses of, Brachychiton populneus to dehydration and facilitate the selection of drought-resistant tree families.
Introducción del Liderazgo Positivo: oportunidades de mejora en el aprendizaje en la Educación Superior
Authors: Benito Capa Águeda , Fernandez de la Cruz Alejandro , Hernandez Castillo De Tejeda Ariadna Elisabeth , Segura Gutierrez Luz América , Vargas Llontop Hernán Alfredo , Moreno Melgarejo Alberto
Published: June 2020

El Liderazgo Positivo constituye una forma muy interesante de abordar el funcionamiento y la gestión de las organizaciones, que ha conseguido resultados extraordinariamente positivos en numerosas compañías. En ese contexto, este artículo describe cómo tres docentes de una universidad peruana incorporan los principios del Liderazgo Positivo en la impartición de sus materias. La metodología de investigación de esta iniciativa piloto es mixta, contemplando a los estudiantes y a los profesores como fuente de información, tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa.
Letragrafía: Síntesis y comunicación visual
Authors: Osnaya Baltierra Santiago
Published: June 2020

Las letras aparecieron en el mundo como una necesidad de comunicación. En sus inicios, éstas fueron creadas como imágenes que representaban ideas y sonidos, a través del tiempo se convirtieron en lo que se conoce como alfabeto. Hoy en día dicho sistema de lenguaje parece ser invisible debido a la cotidianeidad con que es manipulado. El objetivo del texto, es proponer un distanciamiento semántico del uso convencional que tienen las grafías que conforman el abecedario, para plantear que a través de la forma y expresividad de cada letra es posible transmitir un mensaje.
La estrategia como factor de innovación en las organizaciones
Authors: Arellano-Becerril Enrique , Vega Yuridia
Published: June 2020

En este trabajo se plantea la importancia de la estrategia en la organización como factor detonante para los procesos de innovación y competitividad empresarial. ¿Cuáles son las estrategias de las empresas para lograr innovación organizacional?. “La pregunta fundamental en el campo de la dirección estratégica es cómo las firmas consiguen y sostienen la ventaja competitiva”. La investigación se orienta hacia factores de innovación organización como son la productividad y la flexibilidad laboral, explorando en las organizaciones la relación entre la capacidad tecnológica y los sistemas de información como variables de la productividad. Así mismo se propone un modelo matemático para estimar la productividad en base a las variables de capacidad tecnológica y los sistemas de información.
Effect of Age on Histological Changes of Urogenital Tract in Albino Rats
Authors: Al-hayyali Fatima
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the histologic changes of kidney, urinary bladder, testis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland of rats of various ages (6,12 and 18 months old). Results illustrated variable changes of kidney represented by congestion of renal capillaries, acute tubular necrosis, shrinkage of glomerular tuft, degeneration in tubular epithelium of the 6,12 and 18 months old rats, the morphometric changes of the glomerular diameter decreases with advanced age. The lesions of urinary bladder characterized by hyperplasia of the epithelial lining, papillae into the lumen, hypertrophy of muscle fibers, desquamation of epithelium, cystitis in addition to thickening of the mucosa and hyalinization of muscle fibers of the 6,12 and 18 months old rats. The thickness of the bladder wall showed a significant changes increase at (P≤0.05) with age, while morphometric analysis did not show any age related changes in the bladder muscle thickness. In testis there were congestion of blood vessels, a spermia, degeneration of the spermatocytes and spermatozoa, thickening of interstitial and hyperplasia of leydig cells of the 6,12 and 18 months old rats. The wall thickness of Seminiferous tubule increases with age and basement membrane thickness and tubular diameter decreased with age. The seminal vesicle of the 6,12 and 18 months old rats revealed hyperplasia of glandular epithelium. Lesions of the prostate gland of 6,12 and 18 months old rats showed epithelial hyperplasia which extended as finger-like projections and presence of variable amounts of colloid substance.
Study the Physiological Effects of Finasteride (Prostacare) on some Reproductive Parameters in Male Rats (Rattus- Rattus)
Authors: AL-Edany Assad
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted in the veterinary medicine college in basrah university animal house and aimed to investigate the effect of finasteride (prostacare) on malesome parameters reproductive system in albino male rats (Rattua-Rattus). Thirty six mature male rats with body weight 200-210 g and age 8 weeks were randomly divided into three groups (12 animal each group). The first group was considered as control group and treated orally normal salin (0.9%N.S)during the experimental 30 days , the second group was treated finasteride(0.016mg/kg of body weigt oraiiy during the experimental(30)days.and the third group was administrated finasteride(0.032mglkg of body weigt orally during the experimental 30 days. The results showed a significant decrease in the sperm count ,sperm motility ,live sperm and increase in dead sperm percentage as well as a significant decrease in the level of reproductive hormones (testosterone, LH and FSH) in treated group with finasteride compared with control group , from this study it was concluded that the finasteride has undesired physiological effects on fertility in albino male rats (Rattus-Rattus).
Effect of Shearing Wool and the Hot Months of the Year on some Production Characteristics in Turkish Awassi Ewes
Authors: AL-Sharqi Taha , Abdullah Majid
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effect of wool shearing and the environmental factors represented by some hot months of the year (July August and September) on some production characteristics in Turkish Awassi ewes. 18 ewes, aged 3-5 years, with an average weight of about 55±1.43 kg, were used. The ewes divided into three treatments. The first group control (T1) were not shorned the wool, the second group (T2) wool of ewes were sheared at a distance of 1 cm from skin, while third group (T3) wool of ewes were sheared at level of the skin. The value of the weekly Temperature-humidity index THI in this study (32.33, 31.08, 31.70, 32.53, 33.45, 33.83, 34.60, 33.91, 31.90, 31.10, 31.84, 32.74) weeks respectively, while the monthly THI was (31.63, 33.48, 31.82) months of the study in July August and September in a respectively. The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the treatments in body weight that were recorded at the tenth week where the THI reached. While the Second group recorded (2.16 ± 0.802) kg compared to T1, T3 (0.916 ± 0.723) (0.583 ± 0.490) kg respectively. While the total body weight of ewes and birth weight showed non-significant differences between different treated groups. From another hand the result showed non-significant differences feed and significant differences in water consumption between different treated groups. From the current study concluded that the level of shearing wool in Turkish Awassi ewes in conjunction with high temperature has an effect in production characteristics by reducing the effect of heat stress on the ewes.
Cloud Computing Virtualization of Resources Allocation for Distributed Systems
Authors: Shukur Hanan , Zeebaree Subhi , Zebari Rizgar , Zeebaree Diyar , Ahmed Omar , Salih Azar
Published: June 2020

Cloud computing is a new technology which managed by a third party “cloud provider” to provide the clients with services anywhere, at any time, and under various circumstances. In order to provide clients with cloud resources and satisfy their needs, cloud computing employs virtualization and resource provisioning techniques.  The process of providing clients with shared virtualized resources (hardware, software, and platform) is a big challenge for the cloud provider because of over-provision and under-provision problems. Therefore, this paper highlighted some proposed approaches and scheduling algorithms applied for resource allocation within cloud computing through virtualization in the datacenter. The paper also aims to explore the role of virtualization in providing resources effectively based on clients’ requirements. The results of these approaches showed that each proposed approach and scheduling algorithm has an obvious role in utilizing the shared resources of the cloud data center. The paper also explored that virtualization technique has a significant impact on enhancing the network performance, save the cost by reducing the number of Physical Machines (PM) in the datacenter, balance the load, conserve the server’s energy, and allocate resources actively thus satisfying the clients’ requirements. Based on our review, the availability of Virtual Machine (VM) resource and execution time of requests are the key factors to be considered in any optimal resource allocation algorithm. As a results of our analyzing for the proposed approaches is that the requests execution time and VM availability are main issues and should in consideration in any allocating resource approach.
Les enfants disparus du recensement français
Authors: Le Penven Eric
Published: June 2020

La France a mis en œuvre, depuis 2004, une nouvelle méthode de recensement, un recensement dit « rénové », dont l’un des objets affiché était d’améliorer la qualité des résultats. Pourtant, depuis, un écart important et tendanciellement croissant s’observe entre le nombre de jeunes enfants de moins d’1 an selon le recensement et les statistiques de naissances précédemment enregistrées par les services d’état civil. Comment expliquer un tel phénomène ? Ce phénomène est-il géographiquement localisé ? Pour répondre à ces questions, sa géographie et les différentes causes possibles sont examinées
Diffusion des logiques néo-managériales et organisations policières
Authors: de Maillard Jacques
Published: June 2020

Dans quelle mesure l'usage des instruments quantifiés et le suivi de la performance transforment-ils les modes de gouvernement des polices ? À partir d'une enquête au sein de la Préfecture de police de Paris et du Metropolitan Police Service de Londres, l'article questionne les effets des nouveaux dispositifs néo-managériaux sur deux dimensions de l'activité policière : les relations organisationnelles (capacité des dirigeants à contrôler l'activité vs. accroissement de l'autonomie) et la nature du mandat policier (focalisation sur la seule lutte contre la délinquance vs. approche plus large du mandat policier). Au total, ces dispositifs s'inscrivent principalement dans la réactivation, modernisée par les nouvelles technologies et une certaine sophistication managériale, des mécanismes bureaucratiques de contrôle et conduisent à une relative mise sous tension de l'organisation. Cependant, tant le style de management que la nature des indicateurs de performance diffèrent : dans les deux polices, l'acclimatation des techniques néo-managériales se traduit par des réinventions des modèles traditionnels.
GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, 100 YEARS LATER
Authors: Cacciatori Sergio Luigi
Published: June 2020

We present a short communication on the recent directmeasurements of gravitational waves, made possible by the joint eorts of the LIGO and the Virgo projects. These notes are devoted to a broad audience. In the rst part we will present the basic ideas of the theory of relativity, leading to the prediction of the existence of gravitational waves. The second part is devoted to present the main results and consequences of the discovery.
STEPHEN HAWKING: SPACE, TIME AND QUANTA
Authors: Carfora Mauro
Published: June 2020

A brief introduction to the scientic work of Stephen Hawking and to his contributions to our understanding of the interplay between general relativity and quantum theory.
Lâ€™IMPATTO DEI CAMBIAMENTI CLIMATICI SULLA CRESCITA ECONOMICA E LA DISUGUAGLIANZA GLOBALE
Authors: Tavoni Massimo
Published: June 2020

Climate change will impact economic growth and exacerbate global income inequalities. By hitting the poorest more, both in Italy, Europe and worldwide, it poses a challenge for the international order. Here we discuss the latest analysis of the economic impacts of climate change.
LOCOMOZIONE UMANA E ANIMALE A DIFFERENTI GRAVITÃ€: ADATTAMENTI BIOMECCANICI ED EFFETTI METABOLICI
Authors: Minetti Alberto Enrico
Published: June 2020

A few years before Apollo Missions to Moon, locomotion physiologists promoted research and discussion about the potential adaptation of human body, the musculo-skeletal apparatus in particular, to an environment subject to a much smaller gravity acceleration than on Earth. Rodolfo Margaria and Giovanni Cavagna, who had just started investigating the fundamental mechanical paradigms of terrestrial locomotion, built a gravity-emulation facility in a 15 m tall vent shaft in Milano to study how jumping ability was affected by low-gravity. The combined knowledge led them to correctly predict that humans on the Moon would have walked at a very low pace and the alternative to an impaired running would have been a bouncing gait like hopping. Since then, other scientists around the world kept on researching on this subject, both experimentally and through mathematical models. Models based on â€˜dynamic similarityâ€™ (Froude Number) have confirmed that spontaneous locomotion adopted by astronauts was predictable. Recent biomechanical and metabolic experiments in the rebuilt emulation facility in Milano indicated that gaits with very different economy on Earth (running, skipping and hopping range from 2x to 10x, when compared to walking) progressively tend to have the same cost of transport when gravity decreases, and they are all alike at Moon gravity. This suggests that the energy devoted to sustain body weight represents a crucial determinant in the propulsion economy. Together with further biomechanical analysis, these data from emulated outer space are promising clues toward a better understanding of still unsolved mysteries of terrestrial locomotion (as the speed independence of metabolic cost of running).
О нетривиальной разрешимости кратного однородного уравнения Винера-Хопфа в консервативном случае и об уравнении Пайерлса
Authors: Arabadzhyan Levon Gurgenovich , Arabajyan Gurgen Levonovich
Published: June 2020

Описан процесс построения в октанте положительного решения интегрального однородного уравнения Винера-Хопфа в одном особом (консервативном) случае. Применение полученных общих результатов к однородному стационарному уравнению Пайерлса позволяет изучить поведение решения этого уравнения при больших значениях аргументов. Эти вопросы представляют определенный интерес в теории переноса излучения.
Поток магнитной спиральности для уравнений среднего магнитного поля
Authors: Akhmet'ev Petr Mikhailovich
Published: June 2020

Уравнение среднего магнитного поля описывает процесс генерации магнитного поля на большом масштабе за счет ЭДС, возникающей на мелком масштабе. Рассматривается случай, когда магнитное поле на большом масштабе также случайно. Определяется функция плотности магнитной спиральности, которая инвариантна при калибровочном преобразовании магнитного вектор-потенциала. Изучается уравнение для потока магнитной спиральности крупномасштабного поля. Вводится поправочное слагаемое, связанное с инвариантом квадратичной магнитной спиральности.
Многочлены Чебышeва, числа Каталана и трехдиагональные матрицы
Authors: Artisevich Anzhela Evgen'evna , Bychkov Boris Sergeevich , Shabat Alexey Borisovich
Published: June 2020

Установлена связь между линейным разностным уравнением второго порядка, отвечающим многочленам Чебышeва, и числами Каталана. Последние являются предельными коэффициентами сходящегося ряда рациональных функций, отвечающего уравнению Риккати. В качестве основного приложения показана связь между многочленами $\varphi_n(\mu)$, являющимися решениями задачи коммутирования трехдиагональной матрицы с простейшей матрицей Вандермонда, и многочленами Чебышeва.
Antecedents of Sexual Harassment: A Case of Asian Firm’s Financial Performance
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Fatima Rida , Murtaza Abroo , Zeeshan Syed , Ullah Irfan
Published: June 2020

A more friendly and relaxed working environment with a lack of sexual harassment contributes toward achieving consistent financial performance based on smooth working. Existing trends in research best bit the importance of antecedents touching the environment of the organization. This research goes to explore the antecedents of sexual harassment, which are essential for the efficient and relaxing work environment as well as the sustainable financial growth of the firm in the context of Asia. By employing a qualitative approach, the study discovered numerous antecedents in the Asian context, from which, few of the antecedents are prominent due to some common features in the response of experts. Lastly, the research presents policy recommendations based on the findings.
Is COVID-19 Generating Pandemic Animosity among Nations and Consumers? A Theoretical Overview
Authors: Nawaz Shahid , Yun Jiang , Nawaz Muhammad Zahid , Aalam Faizan
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 is a massive geopolitical disturbance that will reset the international system once the fuzz is lifted, accelerate de-globalization as well as de-regionalization and establish new political and trade alignments, and probably a new world order. This virus divided the world into three narratives, foremost is in favor of the US and against China, and second is in favor of China and against the US, and the third represents the neutral people who believe it is a natural virus. Multiple conspiracy theories have emerged about the origin and spread of the virus. Hence, it has generated pandemic animosity among the people of different nations. China and the US need to be more transparent on the origin and spread of the pandemic and step back from confrontation. This is a time to be united to fight with the virus. COVID-19 has also opened the gateway avenue for future researchers in multiple disciplines of academia.
Evaluation of the Financial Performance between Traditional Private Commercial Banks and Islamic Banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Akber S. M. , Dey Asha
Published: June 2020

The paper analyzes and evaluated the performance of Islamic banks and Traditional private commercial banks in Bangladesh with a duration from 2015 to 2019. The basis of the analysis used in this paper is CAMEL test.  All the relevant data has collected from the bank’s websites. To measure and compare the performance this paper has used a sample of five Islamic banks and five Traditional private commercial banks. It considered the average ratio of each year.  A standard test format (CAMEL tests) has used to analyze the performance of Islamic and Traditional private commercial banks. To justify the reliability of the data this paper has used t-tests. The outcome of this paper says that apart from the quality of the management significant difference doesn’t exist between the performance of Islamic Banks and Traditional private commercial banks in Bangladesh based on CAMEL test. Considering the quality of the management and asset quality Traditional private commercial banks perform better, but for the capital adequacy and liquidity position Islamic banks perform better in Bangladesh.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MATERI FUNGSI KOMPOSISI MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD SISWA SMA NEGERI 1 TEGALLALANG
Authors: Jebeg Dewa Made
Published: June 2020

Hasil belajar matematika siswa SMA Negeri 1 Tegallalang belum mencapai hasil yang memuaskan, terlihat dari rata-rata nilai ulangan harian kelas X IPA.2 pada semester ganjil hanya sebesar 66,57 masih di bawah KKM 77 dan persentase ketuntasan belajar hanyalah 25,71% dari 35 siswa yang ada. Faktor yang mempengaruhi prestasi belajar tersebut adalah siswa yang kurangnya aktivitas dan kooperatif siswa dalam pembelajaran di kelas. Sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika funsi komposisi siswa SMA Negeri 1 Tegallalang melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan subjek penelitian 35 siswa kelas X IPA.2 SMA Negeri 1 Tegallalang pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1) Penerapan pembelajaran model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dalam pembelajaran matematika dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika fungsi komposisi siswa X IPA.2 SMA Negeri 1 Tegallalang tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Peningkatan prestasi belajar matematika tersebut dapat dilihat pada perolehan awal prasiklus perolehan rata-rata skor 66,57 dengan ketuntasan belajar 25,71%, meningkat pada sklus tindakan I dengan perolehan rata-rata sebesar 80,90 serta ketuntasan belajar meningkat sebesar 77,14% dan meningkat juga pada siklus II dengan perolehan rata-rata 81,07 dengan ketuntasan belajarnya meningkat sebesar 97,14% , sedangkan standar deviasi(SD) awal prasiklus sebesar 7,35, menurun pada siklus I sebesar 4,57 dan pada siklus II standar deviasi (SD) menurun sebesar 4,35.
Electronic and Social Media Influence on Women Buying Behavior Through the Commercialization of Media
Authors: Ghous Sobia Usman , Shabir Prof. Ghulam , Ul Hassan Prof. Taimoor
Published: June 2020

Abstract

            This research aims to explore the factors of electronic media affecting the buying behavior of consumers especially the females in Pakistan. It is generally believed that females build their buying behavior from print and electronic media specifically while taking impression from related news, television dramas, showbiz activities, commercials, advertisements, celebrities, and other tools. This study is an effort to measure the impact of effects of advertising aired on electronic media on women’s buying behavior in Karachi City. Overall, advertising has a great role in buying behavior. This quantitative research employs survey study as data collection tool from Karachi through random sampling. The researchers distributed 2000 questionnaires among females of academic departments of universities, housewives, journalists, teachers and students from various localities of Karachi. The results of the study showed that majority of the population was strongly affected by the commercials of various products aired on electronic media in Pakistan. A large number of females also opinionated that electronic media exploited their consumer and privacy rights and negatively led them to buy products which were not actually as per their requirements. The study was limited to the City of Karachi alone due to multiple factors including limited timeframe, however, this study may open new phenomena pertaining to this arena.
Présentation. Nation et République sous le prisme des défis contemporains
Authors: Nouazi Kemkeng Carole Valérie , Njikam Njifotie Abdou
Published: June 2020

Présentation du dossier thématique
À propos de la crise des critères de définition de l’État en droit international contemporain
Authors: Nouazi Kemkeng Carole Valérie
Published: June 2020

La notion d’État est l’objet d’une construction théorique menée par les constitutionnalistes et les internationalistes. Mais au regard des mutations du droit international qui entraînent un dynamisme de ses éléments constitutifs, la remise en cause de la définition de l’État aujourd’hui constitue un signe évident. La présente étude propose une meilleure visibilité de la déconstruction théorique des éléments constitutifs de l’État qui pourra permettre d’envisager une redéfinition ou une refondation de la notion d’État en droit international. La méthode juridique, combinée aux méthodes systémique et sociologique, permet de faire le constat de la crise de l’État en droit international aujourd’hui et montre que l’on assiste à sa reconstruction au regard de la pratique du droit international.
Désenchantement de la république au Cameroun: les rationalités en finalité contre les rationalités en valeur
Authors: Mahini Bertrand-Michel , Daouda Sakinatou
Published: June 2020

La présente étude esquisse une analyse de l’effectivité de la vision républicaine de l’État au Cameroun. Cette vision ontologique de la république (res publica) est constitutionnellement proclamée et politiquement revendiquée. Mais au regard des pratiques politiques, peut-on véritablement parler d’État républicain? À l’examen des processus d’étatisation, l’État républicain se concrétise par la mise en place progressive d’un ensemble d’institutions garantes de l’intérêt général. Cette effectivité historique qui consacre le développement de l’État républicain est cependant querellée à l’observation des pratiques instituées de gouvernance politique. D’où la nécessité d’une (ré)appropriation pratique, contemporaine et collective, des mœurs républicaines. Cette (ré)appropriation va bien au-delà de la simple production des institutions dites démocratiques et vainement républicaines.
Impacto da pandemia COVID-19 na qualidade de imagem na radiografia do tórax em Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos
Authors: Freitas Davide , Silva Cristiana , Pereira José Manuel
Published: June 2020

A imagem nas Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) desempenha um papel crucial na assistência ao paciente, sendo a radiografia ao tórax o exame mais requisitado aos pacientes COVID-19 em contexto de UCI. O elevado risco de exposição ao vírus poderá influenciar a qualidade de execução dos exames. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar o cumprimento dos critérios de boa realização em radiografia do tórax em UCI, antes e durante a fase crítica da pandemia COVID-19. Avaliaram-se 32 imagens, 16 realizadas antes da pandemia e 16 a doentes COVID-19, de acordo com uma escala de 8 itens, com pontuação entre 8 e 25 pontos, inversamente proporcional ao grau de cumprimento. Não se observaram diferenças significativas ao nível dos valores médios entre os grupos, exceto na presença de artefactos, constatandose que os exames realizados a doentes COVID-19 cumpriram melhor/mais eficazmente este critério. Os resultados sugerem que, apesar do acréscimo de stress derivado à exposição ao novo vírus, se mantém o padrão de qualidade na realização de exames em UCI.
On the Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of Additively Manufactured Duplex Stainless Steels Produced Using Laser-Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Jiang D. , Birbilis N. , Hutchinson C.R. , Brameld M.
Published: June 2020

The microstructure and electrochemical properties of additively manufactured 22Cr duplex stainless steel (DSS) and 25Cr super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) produced by laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) are reported herein. The as-built microstructure is fully ferritic, while a 50/50 ferrite-austenite phase ratio was achieved by post heat treatment. The electrochemical response of DSS and SDSS prepared by L-PBF was investigated using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) tests in 0.6 M NaCl solution and compared with the wrought counterparts. Both 22Cr DSS and 25Cr SDSS prepared by L-PBF showed comparable electrochemical response to their corresponding wrought alloys at room temperature. The findings herein demonstrate the feasibility of additive manufacturing as applied to DSS.
Thinking with Soils
Authors: Counihan Carole
Published: June 2020

This book presents a novel and systematic social theory of soil, and is representative of the rising interest in ‘the material’ in social sciences. Bringing together new modes of ‘critical description’ with speculative practices and methods of inquiry, it contributes to the exploration of current transformations in socioecologies, as well as in political and artistic practices, in order to address global ecological change.

The chapters in this edited volume challenge scholars to attend more carefully to the ways in which they think about soil, both materially and theoretically. Contributors address a range of topics, including new ways of thinking about the politics of caring for soils; the ecological and symbiotic relations between soils; how the productive capacities and contested governance of soils are deployed as matters of political concern; and indigenous ways of knowing and being with soil.
The response of stratospheric water vapor to climate change driven by different forcing agents
Authors: Wang Xun , Dessler Andrew Emory
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We investigate the response of stratospheric water vapor (SWV) to different forcing agents within the Precipitation Driver and Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP) framework. For each model and forcing agent, we break the SWV response into a slow response, which is coupled to surface temperature changes, and a fast SWV, which is the direct response to external forcing, but without any mediation from the surface temperature. Our results show that, for most climate perturbations, the slow SWV response dominates the fast response. The slow SWV response exhibits a similar sensitivity to surface temperature across all climate perturbations. Specifically, the sensitivity is 0.35 ppmv K−1 in the tropical lower stratosphere (TLS), 2.1 ppmv K−1 in the northern hemispheric lowermost stratosphere (LMS), and 0.97 ppmv K−1 in the southern hemispheric LMS. The fast SWV response only dominates the slow SWV response when the forcing agent radiatively heats the cold point region – for example, black carbon, which directly heats the atmosphere by absorbing solar radiation. The fast SWV response in the TLS is primarily controlled by the fast adjustment of cold point temperature across all climate perturbations. This control becomes weaker at higher altitudes and at higher latitudes below 150 hPa.
Atmospheric drag effects on modelled LEO satellites during the July 2000 Bastille Day event in contrast to an interval of geomagnetically quiet conditions
Authors: Nwankwo Victor U. J. , Denig William , Chakrabarti Sandip K. , Ajakaiye Muyiwa P. , Fatokun Johnson , Akanni Adeniyi W. , Raulin Jean-Pierre , Correia Emilia , Enoh John E.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. In this work we simulated the effects of atmospheric drag on two model SmallSats in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with different ballistic coefficients during 1-month intervals of solar-geomagnetic quiet and perturbed conditions. The goal of this effort was to quantify how solar-geomagnetic activity influences atmospheric drag and perturbs satellite orbits. Atmospheric drag compromises satellite operations due to increased ephemeris errors, attitude positional uncertainties and premature satellite re-entry. During a 1-month interval of generally quiescent solar-geomagnetic activity (July 2006) the decay in altitude (h) was a modest 0.53 km (0.66 km) for the satellite with the smaller (larger) ballistic coefficient of 2.2 × 10−3 m2/kg (3.03 × 10−3 m2/kg). The associated Orbital Decay Rates (ODRs) during this quiet interval ranged from 13 m/day to 23 m/day (from 16 m/day to 29 m/day). For the disturbed interval of July 2000 the significantly increased altitude loss and range of ODRs were 2.77 km (3.09 km) and 65 m/day to 120 m/day (78 m/day to 142 m/day), respectively. Within the two periods more detailed analyses over 12-day intervals of extremely quiet and disturbed conditions revealed respective orbital decays of 0.16 km (0.20 km) and 1.14 km (1.27 km) for the satellite with the smaller (larger) ballistic coefficient. In essence, the model results show that there was a 6–7 fold increase in the deleterious impacts of satellite drag between the quiet and disturbed periods. We also estimated the enhanced atmospheric drag effect on the satellites' parameters caused by the July 2000 Bastille Day event (in contrast to the interval of geomagnetically quiet conditions). The additional percentage increase due to the Bastille Day event to the monthly mean values of h and ODR are 34.69 % and 50.13 % for Sat-A, and 36.45 % and 68.95 % for Sat-B. These simulations confirmed; (i) the dependence of atmospheric drag force on a satellite's ballistic coefficient, and (ii) that increased solar-geomagnetic activity substantially raises the degrading effect of satellite drag. In addition, the results indicate that the impact of short-duration geomagnetic transients can have a further deleterious effect on normal satellite operations. While none of these findings were particularly surprising or profound we suggest that a model of satellite drag when combined with a high-fidelity atmospheric specification, as was done here, can lead to improved satellite ephemeris estimates.
Luminescence properties and dating of proglacial sediments from northern Switzerland
Authors: Mueller Daniela , Preusser Frank , Buechi Marius W. , Gegg Lukas , Deplazes Gaudenz
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Luminescence dating has become a pillar of the understanding of Pleistocene glacial advances in the northern foreland of the Swiss Alps. However, both quartz and feldspar from the region are equally challenging as dosimeters with anomalous fading, partial bleaching and unstable components being some of the obstacles to overcome. In this study, luminescence properties of coarse- and fine-grained quartz, feldspar and polymineral fractions of eight samples from a palaeovalley, Rinikerfeld, in northern Switzerland are assessed and found appropriate for dating. While anomalous fading of the IRSL signal of the feldspar and polymineral fraction is observed, fading corrected coarse-grained feldspar ages are consistent with those derived from quartz. In general, coarse-grained quartz and feldspar as well as the fine-grained polymineral fractions are in agreement and present negligible evidence for partial bleaching. However, ages derived from fine-grained quartz are found to underestimate those of the coarse-grained quartz fractions. Impact of total dose rate on finite ages was assessed but age underestimation is likely due to grain size dependent luminescence properties. The top six samples indicate sedimentation of at least 16.6 m during Marine Isotope Stage 6 with a rapid transition from a lacustrine environment to a landscape dominated by colluvial deposits. For the two lowest samples, no finite ages are derived.
Wave height return periods from combined measurement–model data: A Baltic Sea case study
Authors: Björkqvist Jan-Victor , Rikka Sander , Alari Victor , Männik Aarne , Tuomi Laura , Pettersson Heidi
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This paper presents how to account for the lack of sampling variability in model data when they are combined with wave measurements. We addressed the dissimilarities between the types of data by either: i) low-pass filtering the observations or ii) adding synthetic sampling variability to the model. Measurement–model times series combined with these methods served as the basis for return period estimates of a high wave event in January 2019. During this storm northerly wind speeds in the Baltic Sea rose to 32.5 m s−1 and an unprecedented significant wave height of 8.1 m was recorded in the Bothnian Sea sub-basin. Both methods successfully consolidated the combined time series but produced slightly different results: using low-pass filtered observations gave lower estimates for the return period than using model data with added sampling variability. Extremes in both types of data followed the same type of theoretical distributions, and our best estimate for the return period was 104 years (95 % confidence 39–323 years). A similar wave event can potentially be more likely in the future climate, and this aspect was discussed qualitatively.
Daily Pad Usage Versus the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form for Continence Assessment Following Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Tienza Antonio , Graham Petra L. , Robles Jose E. , Diez-Caballero Fernando , Rosell David , Pascual Juan I. , Patel Manish I. , Mungovan Sean F.
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Continence assessment is an essential component of follow-up after radical prostatectomy (RP). Several methods exist to assess the severity of urinary incontinence (UI). Our study examined the relationship and degree of agreement between International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) scores and the number of pads used in a 24-hour period in the assessment of UI following RP.Methods: Continence was prospectively assessed in 746 men from a Spanish urology clinic 12 months after RP using the ICIQ-SF and pad usage. The relationship between ICIQ-SF scores and pad usage was assessed using Spearman rank correlation coefficients. The Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test was used to determine whether the ICIQ-SF score and the component question scores increased with increasing pad usage. The Bonferroni-corrected pairwise Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to determine which pairs of pad usage levels differed. The weighted kappa was used to evaluate the agreement between pad usage levels and ICIQ-SF questions.Results: The continence rate was 82% using the “no pad usage” definition of continence versus 78% using the definition of an ICIQ-SF score of 0 (P<0.001). Strong positive correlations were observed between the number of pads and the ICIQ-SF total and component question scores (rs>0.85, P<0.001). The ICIQ-SF total and component question scores increased significantly with increasing pad usage (P<0.001). The ICIQ-SF scores (P<0.018) for all pairs of pad usage levels (0, 1, 2, or 3 or more) differed significantly. The agreement between the ICIQ-SF leakage amount question and pad usage was very good (rs=0.861, P<0.001).Conclusions: At 12 months post-RP, 24-hour pad usage was closely correlated with ICIQ-SF, although the continence rate differed depending on the definition used. Higher levels of pad usage were associated with higher questionnaire scores, more leakage, and poor quality of life (interference with everyday life).