bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binary star sequence in the outskirts of the disrupting Galactic open cluster UBC 274
Authors: Piatti Andrés E.
Published: June 2020

We report the identification of a numerous binary star population in the recently discovered ∼3 Gyr old open cluster UBC 274. It becomes visible when the cluster color-magnitude diagram is corrected by differential reddening and spans mass ratio (q) values from 0.5 up to 1.0. Its stellar density radial profile and cumulative distribution as a function of the distance from the cluster center reveal that it extends out to the observed boundaries of the tidal tails of the cluster (about six times the cluster radius) following a spatial distribution indistinguishable from that of cluster main-sequence (MS) stars. Furthermore, binary stars withqvalues lower or higher than 0.75 do not show any spatial distribution difference either. FromGaiaDR2 astrometric and kinematics data we computed Galactic coordinates and space velocities with respect to the cluster center and mean cluster space velocity, respectively. We found that cluster members located throughout the tidal tails move relatively fast, regardless of whether they are a single or binary star. The projection of their motions onto the Galactic plane resembles that of a rotating solid body, while the motions along the radial direction from the Galactic center and perpendicular to the Galactic plane suggest that the cluster is being disrupted. The similarity of the spatial distributions and kinematic patterns of cluster MS and binary stars reveals that UBC 274 is facing an intense process of disruption that has apparently swept out any signature of internal dynamic evolution, such as mass segregation driven by two-body relaxation.
The cloudbow of planet Earth observed in polarisation
Authors: Sterzik Michael F. , Bagnulo Stefano , Emde Claudia , Manev Mihail
Published: June 2020

Context. Scattering processes in the atmospheres of planets cause characteristic features that can be particularly well observed in polarisation. For planet Earth, both molecular scattering (Rayleigh) and scattering by small particles (Mie) imprint specific signatures in its phase curve. Polarised phase curves allow us to infer physical and chemical properties of the atmosphere like the composition of the gaseous and liquid components, droplet sizes, and refraction indices.

Aims. An unequivocal prediction of a liquid-water-loaded atmosphere is the existence of a rainbow feature at a scattering angle of around 138–144°. Earthshine allows us to observe the primary rainbow in linear polarisation.

Methods. We observed polarisation spectra of Earthshine using FORS2 at the Very Large Telescope for phase angles from 33° to 65° (Sun–Earth–Moon angle). The spectra were used to derive the degree of polarisation in the B, V, R, and I passbands and the phase curve from 33° to 136°. The new observations extend to the smallest phases that can be observed from the ground.

Results. The degree of polarisation of planet Earth is increasing for decreasing phase angles downwards of 45° in the B, V, R, and I passbands. From comparison of the phase curve observed with models of an Earth-type atmosphere we are able to determine the refractive index of water and to constrain the mean water droplet sizes to 6−7μm. Furthermore, we can retrieve the mean cloud fraction of liquid water clouds to 0.3, and the mean optical depth of the water clouds to values between 10 and 20.

Conclusions. Our observations allow us to discern two fundamentally different scattering mechanisms of the atmosphere of planet Earth: molecular and particle scattering. The physical and chemical properties can be retrieved with high fidelity through suitable inversion of the phase curve. Observations of polarimetric phase curves of planets beyond the Solar System shall be extremely valuable for a thorough characterisation of their atmospheres.
Industry 4.0 in development of new technologies for underground mining
Authors: Pałaka Dorota , Paczesny Bartosz , Gurdziel Marcel , Wieloch Wiktoria
Published: June 2020

Students of the Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology of the Wrocław University of Technology, together with engineers from KWK ROW Ruch Chwałowice, a part of Polska Grupa Górnicza S.A., conducted a survey among the group of underground workers. The selected target group included mechanical fitters, electricians and miners. The survey concerned the development of new technologies for underground coal mining. It was developed so that its form is understandable to the respondents. It contained 15 questions and the respondents were asked to choose only one answer for each question. The questionnaire was anonymous and contained questions about the period of seniority and the age of the respondent. The article presents opportunities arising from the introduction of Industry 4.0 in the context of improving safety and increasing coal production in underground mining. A historical view of industrial revolutions was developed based on available publications in order to briefly present the idea of Industry 4.0.
Chamber Relative to the Previously Extracted Longwall Panel
Authors: Ermakova Inna , Fedusov Vyacheslav
Published: June 2020

Longwall salvage activities at JSC SUEK-Kuzbass underground coal mines may experience unforeseen delays. To determine the causes of the delays in the salvage activities, we have considered various factors. Firstly, we have analyzed the effect of the longwall face width on the duration of salvage activities. We have proved that this factor does not have a statistically significant effect on the duration of salvage activities. We have established that the duration of the salvage activities is determined by the location of the salvage chambers relative to the pillar and the previously extracted panel. In the event that contiguous previously extracted panel is located near the salvage chamber, the salvage time is doubled on average.
Bulgarian Mining Industry between Tradition and Innovation
Authors: Deneva Aneta , Grasis Jānis
Published: June 2020

Extractive activities are traditional for the Bulgarian economy and are part of the economic activity of the population since the establishment of the Bulgarian state. As an autonomous sector of the economy, they are approved after 1878. The initial extractive activities are carried out with the direct participation of foreign capital, mainly French, German and Belgian. The extraction of raw materials has always been among the priority economic areas. Not surprisingly with the first economic laws adopted by the Bulgarian Government is supported its development. A typical example in this respect is the law on the promotion of the local industry since 1909. Among the promotion activities are mining, metal industry, as well as the quarry and that for the processing of soil materials. The mining industry is an indispensable part of the structure of the Bulgarian economy, regardless of its transformations.
The Roof Support Load Analysis for Pre-Driven Recovery Room Parameters Design
Authors: Zorkov Danil , Renev Alexey , Filimonov Konstantin , Zainulin Rinat
Published: June 2020

Submitted by generalized experience entry longwall into pre- driven recovery room (PDRR) in foreign and Russian mine.Submitted by research characteristic state parameters of the roof at failed entry. Give a classification of roof collapse at the entrance longwall into PDRR.On the example of longwall panel 5а-10-18 mine Raspadskaya reviewed formation process of stress-strain condition in area for PDRR. Has been modeled process of entry longwall into PDRR in the conditions of heavy roof. Determine the expected load on the anchor and standing support, installed in the PDRR. Assessed the load on the longwall shield. When calculating the loads was taken into account the following parameters: width pre-driven recovery room, number of standing support in the PDRR and especially its placement, the rate of entry longwall into PDRR.
Selection of the Optimal Grain-size Distribution of Crushed Stone Sand and Gravel Sand Mixtures for the Pavement of Truck Haul Roads of Coal Open Pits
Authors: Shabaev Sergey , Ivanov Sergey
Published: June 2020

The constant increase in traffic load at mining enterprises forces to look for ways to improve the quality of feeder roads of coal open pits. There is a constant search for tools and methods for improving road pave- ment to increase the service life of truck haul roads. It is known that haul roads are topped mostly with lightweight flexible pavements due to the pe- culiarities of moving vehicles. One of the most applicable materials for pav- ing truck haul roads is crushed stone sand mixtures. However, the lack of scientific research aimed at finding ways to improve the riding quality of open pit haul roads and increase the efficiency of open-pit truck haulage op- eration due to the roads as component of a system did not allow the use of dense-graded mixtures as a pavement for open pit haul roads. In this work, studies were carried out to optimize the grain-size distribution of crushed stone sand mixtures taking into account the physical and mechanical, strength, and deformation properties of the material.
Rock Pressure Manifestation in Development Workings Advanced in a Thick Coal Seam
Authors: Filimonov Konstantin , Zorkov Danil , Tsibaev Sergey , Kucherenko Aleksandr
Published: June 2020

A research of rock pressure manifestations in the seam workings of seam 52 in “V. D. Yalevsky” mine is presented. It is shown that the inspected development workings advanced in a thick seam have a number of peculiarities determining the urgency of their stability research. It is noted that the researches are carried out in the workings subjected to coal extraction influence, as well as in the workings not subjected to that influence. A brief description of the research method including a visual examination of the mine workings and their support elements, instrumental studies of the border rock massif and the theoretical justification of the parameters of rock pressure are given. The following patterns: rock pressure manifestations mostly in the workings sidewalls, a positive time dynamics of rock pressure manifestations, and the increased intensity of manifestations in the workings roof after coal extracting in the face were recorded. The theoretical justification of rock pressure manifestations and the interpretation of the results of instrumental researches are given.
Complex analysis of polymer wastes in coal enrichment for the purpose of their utilization
Authors: Evmenov Sergey , Evmenova Galina , Tretyakov Vladimir
Published: June 2020

At ‘wet’ methods of minerals processing in order to dewater flotation concentrates, flotation waste and low-ash coal slurry, highly effi- cient equipment is used such as disk vacuum filters, belt filter presses, etc. On the filter surfaces of these machines, a filter cloth made of poly- caproamide fiber is attached or put on, which eventually goes out-of use for various reasons and is transported to dumps (landfills). The paper pre- sents a complex of physical and chemical analyses to evaluate influence of operating conditions of the filter cloth on the thermal and technological properties of the polymer. The results of the study showed a possibility of re-processing (recycling) of the out-of use filter material from vacuum fil- ters in order to obtain marketable recycled polycaproamide.
Assessment of Influence of Technological Parameters on Peat Extraction
Authors: Puhova Olga , Lebedev Vladimir
Published: June 2020

The article evaluates the weather and hydrological impact on geotechnology when fragmented peat is milled and dried at a peat deposit. The amount of moisture feeding the fragmented peat of a deposit was studied and was determined to depend on the ground water level. The influence of drainage on the water regime of a high-more peat deposit and that of weather conditions on ground water level fluctuations over time have been evaluated at production sites with an open drainage network. When a peat deposit is drained, under the action of gravitation (the pressure differential in the ground and a drain), ground water seeps into the drains and is transported along them, down-grade, to the collection network and diverted from the drained area. The processes of moisture movement at a peat deposit help evaluate and justify measures to improve its water-air regime which is used in the development of intensive draining methods for a peat deposit and the maintenance of the necessary water regime in peat deposits.
Methane Emission Control at the High-Productive Longwall Panels of the Yalevsky Coal Mine
Authors: Meshkov Anatoly , Kazanin Oleg , Sidorenko Andrey
Published: June 2020

The analysis of the experience of methane emission control at the V. D. Yalevsky mine (Kuznetsk coal basin, Russia) during the series of shallow gassy coal seams mining with the high productive longwall was performed. The analysis of the efficiency of gob degassing by the vertical wells and isolated methane removal by gas-suction fans is performed. The efficiency of reducing the distance between ventilation crosscuts between entries is shown. It is also shown that the problems of providing the longwall high productivity in conditions of increasing the natural gas content in the coal seams are associated with gas emission from the extracted coal seam and the lack of effective methods for its early and preliminary degassing. Recommendations for using advanced mining of close-up coal seams as an effective method of degassing of rock mass within the zone of influence of undermining and overmining are given.
The influence of the ratio of dimensions of rock samples on their tensile strength
Authors: Shalamanov Viktor , Shabdanov Musa
Published: June 2020

Annotation In the work, studies were carried out on the effect of the dimensions of rock samples and the shape of their end faces on the tensile strength limits. Sandstones, aleurolites and their interlayers were tested. The core diameter was 36-78 mm, prevailing 50-70 mm. Rocks are mainly me- dium- and fine-grained. The fracture of cores into pieces took place along thin layers of carbonaceous materials, aleurolites, cracks and cleavage, in places of accumulation and plaque of carbonaceous, carbonate and other weak substances in the form of continuous films, scattered spots and debris. All tests were carried out on the press in accordance with the recommenda- tions of the current GOST, samples were divided by applying a load along the generatrix. It was found that the tensile strength of the test samples var- ied from 0.15 to 21 MPa. The results obtained proved conclusively that cores can be used to solve production and technical problems without pre- liminary treatment of their end surfaces at the ratio of heights to diameters from 0.31 to 1.6. This will allow to increase the volume of tests of samples taken in wells by 60%, and obtain reliable information and thus more fully and reliably substantiate geomechanical conditions, Attachment and protec- tion of mine workings and optimal angles of slopes of quarry sides and ledges at open method of coal mining. This issue has been little studied and requires further research in every geological-economic region of Kuzbass.
Improving the Efficiency of a Mining Enterprise by Coordinating Production Processes
Authors: Tyurin Alexey , Kuvataev Ildar
Published: June 2020

To improve the efficiency of the mining industry, it is necessary to coordinate all production processes, which allows reducing unproductive downtime of mining and transport equipment, increasing their productivity, and reducing the cost of operations at all stages of the production cycle. To achieve this result, the article uses a systematic approach to consider the features of planning the work of all departments of the coal mine, starting with drilling and blasting operations on the sites and ending with the shipment of finished products to consumers. Based on the example of JSC “Chernigovets” in the Kemerovo region, the article considers a two-level model for planning the work of all divisions of the enterprise for a month, taking into account the dynamics of resource use of production and transport sections. Taking into account the uneven performance of production operations and the wide variety of mining equipment used at the stages of preparation, excavation, excavation, transportation, processing and shipment of finished products to external rail transport, it is possible to use a hierarchical two-level system with aggregation of processes at the first level and their detail at the second level. Using the dynamic programming method allowed us to solve the problem of planning the activities of all divisions of the enterprise at the first level and identify the boundaries of changes in the planned indicators at the second level, which do not worsen the results achieved at the first level. The proposed method of planning the operation of the mine will allow you to quickly track the achieved indicators, compare them with the planned ones and, if necessary, adjust the work of the enterprise’s divisions in real time to achieve the best performance indicators of the coal mine as a whole.
Exploring Strategic Directions for the Local Innovation Ecosystem Development in the Mining Industry
Authors: Lazarenko Yuliia , Garafonova Olga , Marhasova Vyktoriia , Tkalenko Nataliia , Grigashkina Svetlana
Published: June 2020

The paper is aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the core components of the local innovation ecosystem in the mining industry, including the role of the main actors related to the development and commercialization of innovation in the sector, such as mining operators, technology suppliers and service providers, research and development institutions, local communities, governments and policymakers. As a result of the study, a set of recommendations is presented which focused on the strategic directions that should be taken into consideration in order to develop an effective and efficient local innovation ecosystem and enhance the level and quality of innovation in the industry.
The Environmental Load Reducing as a Factor of Improving the Quality of Life of the Coal Mining Region Population
Authors: Slesarenko Ekaterina , Sheveleva Oksana , Kudrevatykh Natalia , Vagina Nina
Published: June 2020

The need to reduce the environmental load as the most important factor of improving the quality of life of the population and preventing the outflow of human resources from the coal mining region is substantiated in the article. The study allowed identifying a number of socio-economic threats associated with the influence of high environmental load in coal mining regions, namely: the presence of adverse sanitary and hygienic factors affecting the state of health and the quality of life of people; the excess of the average Russian share of jobs with unsatisfactory conditions for ensuring their compliance with sanitary and epidemiological standards and regulations in coal mining regions; increase in the incidence rate. The entire list of identified threats has the most direct impact on the indicators of population growth and migratory movement leading to a lack of human resources in a region. First of all, it is proposed to reduce the environmental load of a mining region through the implementation of a concept aimed at improving the environmental safety of the industry at all stages: from exploratory activities to mine abandonment. And secondly, the environmental load should be reduced on the basis of a set of measures affecting such important areas of regional economic development as diversification of industrial production (increasing the share of industries with lower environmental load on the ecosystem), developing a high-tech business and mainstreaming responsible consumption ideas in the public mind and businesses.
Sustainable Development: Bonding Inertia of a Resource Based Economic Specialization
Authors: Roshсhina Irina , Lisovskaya Ekaterina , Krishtal Igor , Levshina Olga
Published: June 2020

This article is focused on the issues of interdependence between resources and economic development. The inability to form universal approaches to ensuring sustainable development is caused by constant change of public development conditions and substantial differences between territories. The objective of this research is to reveal distinctive tendencies in the performance of Russia’s economic system in view of exploring possibilities of achieving sustainable development in regions with a large number of monotowns. The hypothesis of the research is a thesis that sustainable development of the Russian economy at all levels is affected by the growth holding inertia caused by its resource based specialization. It was confirmed that among factors affecting sustainable development of the Russian economy are its specialization in natural resources, fragmented material production, lack of a national science-based engineering core and a non-developed internal market, priority support by the government of large private companies both in industry and finance and reliance on foreign investments. The analysis of sustainable development of Kemerovo Oblast confirmed the first part of the conclusions made by Thanh Le and Cuong Le Van – the use of nonrenewable resources limits economic growth. It is currently impossible to verify the second part of their conclusions as applied to Kemerovo Oblast. The main condition – rational economic structure – is out of the picture. The process of sustainable development is affected by dominating resource based industrial specialization and as a result by high dependence of socio-economic development and regional budgets on world commodity prices.
Professional Linguistic Identity of a Mining Engineer: Formation Levels
Authors: Dolgova Natalia , Larionova Julia , Gubanova Inna , Shirokolobova Anastasia
Published: June 2020

The paper deals with professional linguistic identity, the study of which is the priority area of cognitive terminology studies. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the development stages of professional linguistic identity of a mining engineer dealing with tailing dams and embankments and failures and accidents on them. The analysis of a mining engineer professional linguistic identity formation was carried out according to the three level system: 1) the level of specialist professional consciousness; 2) the verbal level; 3) the motivation and pragmatic level. As the result of this investigation the term system structure was developed, which showed the formation of professional linguistic identity. The final stage of professional linguistic identity formation is the script construction. The analyzed stages highlight that development and activity of professional linguistic identity reflect connections of a person with his/hers professional activity, and peculiarities of the person mentality prescribe priority ways of conceptualization and categorization of the world. The result is professional discourse which demonstrates professional qualities of professional linguistic identity.
The Development of University Students’ Cognitive Activity as a Part of Human Capital Growth in Kuzbass Mining Cluster
Authors: Deryabina Natalia , Sergeichik Tatyana
Published: June 2020

Social and economic welfare in Kuzbass as a coal mining region is provided through the development of human capital. This task is accomplished via education and training, enabling improved levels of quality and production at coal mining enterprises. Therefore, the increasing requirements for University graduates imply the need of new forms and updated content in students’ cognitive activity development. The main goal of our research is to identify and justify the conditions for developing students’ cognitive activity in the process of their studying at the University in coal mining region. The article presents data from a study carried out among students and teachers of Kemerovo State University, the largest institution of higher education in Kuzbass. During the research, special attention was paid to implementing the problem-based learning, which allowed students to enhance their activities at lectures, seminars, and in preparing for classes. The results of the study showed progress in students’ independent cognitive activity and their self-motivated attitude to the process of learning due to several factors. The activity of students largely depends on the teachers’ proficiency in supporting, guiding, and monitoring the learning process, as well as on the teaching methods they use. The growth of human capital in terms of higher education becomes a key determinant of the coal mining region’s sustainable development.
Advanced training of personnel for the coal mining industry in the educational ecosystem of the region
Authors: Kasatkina Natalia , Krasnoshlykova Olga , Rudneva Elena , Levanova Albina
Published: June 2020

Changes in the social and economic life of society, an understanding of the forces currently at play require changes in the fields of education philosophy, education technology education curriculum and design for education at all levels. There is a need in transformation and redefining curriculum agendas for educational institutions related to the training of qualified, competitive, professionally mobile staff, who are ready to design and implement the activities of coal mining enterprises. Kemerovo region is one of the most important regions of the country for coal mining and metallurgy development, which almost completely supplies the entire country with coal. Training of personnel for the coal mining industry assumes increasing importance and orientation necessary for the future of the country. Our research has shown that the structure of young people’s self-awareness, their personal life and professional intentions are changing. It is necessary that young people should be ready for making independent decisions in choosing a profession required in the region. The socio- economic development of the region is characterized by the emergence of various innovations in the system of vocational, occupational and human resources management training for the coal mining industry. Based on the results of our research we consider it necessary to create clusters aimed at integrating and concentrating the activities of educational organizations, scientific institutions, supplementary education organizations, industrial enterprises that are located on the same territory, in the same region, in order to prepare qualified personnel for the coal mining industry of the region.
Assessment and promotion of social responsibility of business in the development of rural areas of the mining region
Authors: Yurzina Tatyana , Shalanov Nikolay , Kosinskiy Piotr
Published: June 2020

In modern conditions, business development accompanied by its social responsibility, which is important for rural areas of the mining region. Businesses operating in rural areas use their labor resources and social infrastructure. Intensive development of the mining industry accompanied by both negative environmental consequences and impact on the socio – economic development of territories that, due to insufficient funds in local budgets, are not able to solve many existing problems. The search for mechanisms for the development of rural areas in combination with social responsibility of business is the key to its successful functioning, one of the conditions for which is a harmonious combination of its interests and the interests of rural areas. This combination can manifest itself in business investment in rural development. However, businesses must be motivated to invest. This motivation is the level of investment attractiveness of rural areas. The ratio between the levels of investment attractiveness of the territory and the investment potential of the business forms such a category as the level of motivation for the implementation of social responsibility of the business. At the same time, the growth of business investment potential contributes to increasing the level of investment attractiveness of rural areas. Thus, increasing motivation to implement social responsibility of business is a condition for its stimulation. To solve this problem, the authors propose a method for integral assessment of motivation for implementing social responsibility based on an algorithm for calculating it based on a set of indicators. It was conclude that increasing the investment attractiveness of the territory affects the growth of the level of motivation for the implementation of social responsibility of business, thus ensuring the harmonious development of the business and the territory of its location.
Two cases of deliberate implant mismatch in knee arthroplasty
Authors: Marie-Hardy Laura , O’Loughlin Padhraig , Bonnin Michel , Ait Si Selmi Tarik
Published: June 2020

Cases: Knee arthroplasty is increasingly common with good clinical results. However, there is a cohort of patients whose native knee anatomy may not marry well with standard implants. The current authors describe two cases (one unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), one total knee arthroplasty (TKA)), during which deliberately implanting an implant designed for the contra-lateral distal femur (TKA) or contralateral femoral condyle (UKA) respectively, led to a better fit than correct-sided implants. Conclusion: The authors share their experience to raise awareness of a potential solution to such an intra-operative challenge and suggest that implant customisation may ultimately address challenges with grossly abnormal native anatomy.
Distribution of the 21-Gene Breast Recurrence Score in Patients with Primary Breast Cancer in Germany
Authors: Walter Vincent P. , Taran Florin-Andrei , Wallwiener Markus , Bauer Armin , Grischke Eva-Maria , Walter Christina Barbara , Hahn Markus , Brucker Sara Y. , Hartkopf Andreas Daniel
Published: June 2020

Background Multigene assays are being used increasingly to aid in decision-making about chemotherapy in breast cancer. Here, we present the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) of patients tested in routine clinical practice in Germany.

Patients and Methods In a retrospective analysis, 4695 patients with hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative early breast cancer (pT1 – 3, pN0 – 1, M0) were included in whom RS testing was conducted in Germany between November 2015 and July 2018. RS groups as defined in the TAILORx trial (RS result 0 – 10; 11 – 25; 26 – 100) were used.

Results Of these patients, 21% were assigned to the low RS group, 63% to the midrange RS group, and 15% to the high RS group. 1772 (81%) of 2175 node-negative patients over 50 years of age were grouped either into the low RS group or the midrange RS group. The portion of patients with a low or midrange RS was 90% among node-positive patients (1284 of 1432 patients), 79% among patients with Ki-67-high (≥ 20%) tumors (1829 of 2310 patients), 86% vs. 70% among patients with G2 and G3 tumors (3244 of 3762 patients and 368 of 522 patients), respectively, 88% among patients with a tumor size of > 5 cm (140 of 159 patients), and 82% among node-negative patients at high clinical risk (1110 of 1352).

Conclusions The distribution of the 21-gene RS in German patients that were tested in routine clinical practice indicates that, according to the results of the TAILORx trial, chemotherapy may not be beneficial in most of these.
Herzinfarktsterblichkeit innerhalb und außerhalb der Kliniken
in Berlin
Authors: Maier Birga , Loewe Annette , Larscheid Patrick , Behrens Steffen , Bruch Leonhard , Busse Reinhard , Schaefer Henning , Schoeller Ralph , Schühlen Helmut , Theres Heinz , Stockburger Martin
Published: June 2020

Ziel der Studie Die Sterblichkeit am Herzinfarkt setzt sich zusammen aus
den außerhalb und innerhalb der Klinik Verstorbenen. Da es sich beim
Herzinfarkt um eine schwerwiegende Erkrankung handelt, ist der Anteil an
Patienten, die vor Krankenhausaufnahme versterben, vergleichsweise groß
und wie Daten aus Schweden und Augsburg zeigen in seiner relativen
Häufigkeit bezogen auf alle am Infarkt Verstorbenen über die
Zeit ansteigend. Ziel unserer Studie war es, für Berlin den Anteil an
außerhalb zu innerhalb der Klinik am Infarkt Verstorbenen zu
ermitteln.

Methode Gemeinsam mit dem Berliner Zentralarchiv für
Leichenschauscheine wurden alle Leichenschauscheine vom 1.7.14–30.6.15
durchgesehen und die 1076 Verstorbenen, bei denen im Leichenschauschein Infarkt
nach bestimmten Suchworten oder ICD10 kodiert (I21, I22, I23) angegeben wurde,
anonymisiert in unsere Studie eingeschlossen.

Ergebnis Von den 1076 identifizierten Patienten verstarben 66%
außerhalb und 34% während ihres Krankenhausaufenthaltes.
Die innerhalb und außerhalb der Kliniken am Infarkt Verstorbenen zeigten
keine Unterschiede im Anteil Frauen (40,4% innerhalb, 39,0%
außerhalb; p=0,671), in der Häufigkeit der Obduktion
(16,8–16,6%; p=0,938) oder in der Todesart
„nicht natürlich“ bzw. ungewiss
(17,1–19,3%; p=0,388). Unterschiede gab es im Alter und
in den Sterbemonaten. Die außerhalb der Kliniken an einem Herzinfarkt
Verstorbenen waren vergleichsweise jünger (76J.) als die in den Kliniken
Verstorbenen (80J.). Dabei ist die Differenz am größten bei
den<65-Jährigen, die zu 76,3% außerhalb und zu
23,7% in der Klinik verstarben. In den Monaten Juli–September
war der relative Anteil an außerhalb der Klinik Verstorbenen mit
15,4% am niedrigsten und mit 29,4% für die innerhalb der
Klinik Verstorbenen am höchsten. Diese Tendenz traf auf jüngere
und ältere Verstorbene und auf Männer und Frauen
gleichermaßen zu.

Schlussfolgerung Im Untersuchungszeitraum Juli 2014 bis Juni 2015
verstarben zwei Drittel der am Infarkt Verstorbenen in Berlin außerhalb
der Kliniken. Der Herzinfarkttod außerhalb der Kliniken betraf bevorzugt
Jüngere und variierte jahreszeitlich. Das im Vergleich zur
stationären Sterblichkeit nach wie vor hohe Ausmaß der
Herzinfarktsterblichkeit außerhalb der Kliniken sollte vermehrte
Anstrengungen zu wissenschaftlich begleiteter verbesserter Prävention
und Versorgung stimulieren.
Prädiktoren und Auswirkungen von Ermittlungsverfahren wegen
Cannabis
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Seidel Ann-Kathrin , Morgenstern Matthis
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund und Zielsetzung 2018 wurden 218 660 Fälle von
Rauschgiftkriminalität im Zusammenhang mit Cannabis registriert.
Prädiktoren und Auswirkungen cannabisbezogener Ermittlungsverfahren
sollten untersucht werden.

Methode Retrospektive Kohortenstudie mit 10 432 Personen zwischen
15 und 46 Jahren (M=22,2 Jahre, SD=4,8); davon 54,6%
männlich. Die Stichproben-Rekrutierung erfolgte 2018 über
soziale Medien. Der Online Fragebogen erfasste potentielle Prädiktoren
und als Ergebnisparameter die mentale Gesundheit, den sozialen Status, die
Arbeitslosigkeit, die Höhe des Einkommens sowie problematischen
Cannabis- und Alkoholkonsum.

Ergebnisse 9246 Personen (88,6%) hatten jemals in ihrem Leben
Cannabis konsumiert. Gegen 1736 Personen (18,8%) wurde ein
cannabisbezogenes Ermittlungsverfahren eingeleitet. Diese Personen waren
häufiger männlich, älter, verfügten seltener
über das Abitur, hatten höhere Sensation Seeking-Werte, hatten
häufiger eine ADHS-Diagnose, begannen früher mit dem
Cannabiskonsum und hatten in allen Cannabiskonsumvariablen höhere
Ausprägungen. Keine signifikanten Assoziationen fanden sich zwischen
Ermittlungsverfahren und der Höhe des Einkommens, der Arbeitslosigkeit,
der mentalen Gesundheit oder dem subjektiven sozialen Status. Von den befragten
Nie- oder ehemaligen Konsumenten gaben 63,4 bzw. 44,8% als Grund
für die Abstinenz an, keine Schwierigkeiten mit dem Gesetz bekommen zu
wollen.

Schlussfolgerung Es fanden sich keine Hinweise, dass cannabisbezogene
Ermittlungsverfahren Auswirkungen auf die aktuelle Lebens- bzw.
Gesundheitssituation hatten. Befürchtungen, Schwierigkeiten mit dem
Gesetz zu bekommen, waren insbesondere für Personen relevant, die noch
nie oder derzeit kein Cannabis konsumierten.
Unterstützungsbedarf und -möglichkeiten für
Hausärzte in der Versorgung von Patienten mit komplexem Bedarf: Eine
Fragebogenerhebung Berliner Hausärzte
Authors: Döpfmer Susanne , Trusch Barbara , Stumm Judith , Peter Lisa , Kuempel Lisa , Grittner Ulrike , Schnitzer Susanne , Rieckmann Nina , Dini Lorena , Heintze Christoph
Published: June 2020

Ziel Vor dem Hintergrund der demografischen Entwicklung werden
zukünftig Versorgungsmodelle wichtig, die Hausärzte in der
Versorgung von Patienten mit komplexem Bedarf unterstützen
können. Die vorliegende Fragebogenstudie untersucht, welche Formen der
Unterstützung sich Berliner Hausärzte wünschen.

Methodik Alle niedergelassenen Hausärzte Berlins (n=2354)
wurden im Zeitraum August bis September 2018 postalisch gebeten, einen
für die Fragestellung entwickelten Fragebogen auszufüllen. Die
Fragen adressierten den Unterstützungsbedarf sowie verschiedene
Unterstützungsmodelle. Es wurde zwischen
Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten innerhalb (Delegation, Substitution)
und außerhalb (Sozialarbeiter, Versorgungslotsen,
Pflegestützpunkt) von Hausarztpraxen differenziert. Die Auswertung
erfolgte deskriptiv, sowie explorativ multivariat in Bezug auf
Zusammenhänge zwischen der Zustimmung zu Unterstützungsmodellen
und Praxis- bzw. Arztcharakteristika (Alter, Geschlecht der Ärzte, Lage
der Praxis, Praxisform, Arbeitszeit).

Ergebnisse 557 Fragebögen (Response Rate 23,7%) wurden
ausgewertet. Unterstützungsbedarf wurde v. a. für
administrative, koordinative und organisatorische Tätigkeiten gesehen
sowie für soziale und sozialrechtliche Fragestellungen. Ein
Großteil der teilnehmenden hausärztlichen Praxen steht sowohl
der Delegation als auch der Substitution ärztlicher Leistungen positiv
gegenüber. Darüber hinaus ist für Hausärzte auch
Unterstützung außerhalb der eigenen Praxis durch Mitarbeiter
eines ambulanten Pflegedienstes, eines Pflegestützpunktes, oder durch
Sozialarbeiter und Versorgungslotsen vorstellbar. Insbesondere jüngere
und weibliche Hausärzte sowie diejenigen, die bereits in kooperativen
Praxis-Strukturen tätig sind, sind offen für kooperative
Ansätze unter Einbeziehung weiterer Gesundheitsberufe.

Schlussfolgerung Es bestehen noch unzureichend genutzte Potenziale der
Delegation und der Kooperation mit bestehenden Strukturen. Die hier befragten
Berliner Hausärzte zeigten ein hohes Maß an Zustimmung zu
Delegation und Substitution. Aber auch Gesundheitsberufe und Institutionen
außerhalb der eigenen Praxis könnten die Hausärzte
stärker unterstützen. Insbesondere für administrative
und koordinative Tätigkeiten sowie für soziale und
sozialrechtliche Fragestellungen wird Unterstützungsbedarf gesehen. In
weiteren Untersuchungen sollte die Akzeptanz unter der Ärzteschaft und
die Machbarkeit unterschiedlicher Modelle weiter untersucht werden.
Impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Goenka Mahesh K. , Afzalpurkar Shivaraj , Ghoshal Uday C. , Guda Nalini , Reddy Nageshwar
Published: June 2020

Background and study aims Gastrointestinal endoscopy, being an aerosol-generating procedure, has the potential to transmit Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the current pandemic. Adequate knowledge is the key to prevention. A survey, perhaps the first, was conducted among Indian endoscopists to assess the impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 on gastroinestinal endoscopy practice in the country.

Methods From April 24 to 28, 2020, an electronic survey (using Google Form) was conducted with 23 questions (single or multiple answers) on: (1) endoscopy practice before the pandemic; (2) knowledge about COVID-19; and (3) its impact on endoscopy practice.

Results Responses were received from 375 of 1205 (31.1 %) endoscopists. Most (35.7 %) were young (31–40 years), practicing in corporate multi-speciality hospitals (44.6 %) or independent practice set-up (17.7 %) in metropolitan cities (55.6 %) and urban areas (42.3 %). In most units (75.4 %), fewer than 10 % of procedures performed are endoscopies, as compared to before the pandemic. A reduction in volume of endoscopy related to restriction of the routine procedures by the latest guideline was reported by 86.9 % of respondents. Most are using N95 masks (74.7 %) and/or complete personal protective equipment (PPE, 49.2 %) during endoscopic procedures. Only 18.3 % of respondents had access to negative pressure rooms either within (5.4 %) or outside (12.9 %) the usual endoscopy suite.

Conclusion Endoscopy units in India are performing fewer than 10 % of their usual volumes due to current restrictions. Resources to follow current international guidelines, including use of negative pressure rooms and PPE, are limited. Alternate measures are needed to keep up the services.
Leveraging Framework Instability: A Journey from Energy Storage to Drug Delivery
Authors: Matzger Adam J. , Suresh Kuthuru , López-Mejías Vilmalí , Roy Saikat , Camacho Daniel F.
Published: June 2020

Amorphous pharmaceuticals often suffer from poor physical stability, which can negate their high solubility, fast dissolution rate, and better oral bioavailability vs. crystalline forms. This represents a major hurdle to processing, storage, and delivery of amorphous pharmaceuticals. Several approaches to addressing these problems have been pursued, but there is still a need for a general method for stabilizing the amorphous form. We describe a novel approach using a water-unstable metal-organic framework as a drug delivery vehicle that demonstrates improved amorphous form stability accompanied by remarkably enhanced solubility and a fast dissolution rate. This research project spanned eleven years from conception to realization and dissemination. With origins in understanding the stability or porous solids for energy storage materials, the work also highlights potential of basic science understanding to illuminate new areas of application.
Force-Induced Cycloaddition of Aziridine: Can We Force a New Route?
Authors: Yoon Hyo Jae , Jung Sangmin , Kim Seo Yeon
Published: June 2020

Cycloaddition reactions of aziridines with dipolarophiles under traditional thermal or photochemical conditions entail destructive routes to form reactive intermediates such as an azomethine ylide. This article highlights a recent study that demonstrates a cycloaddition reaction of aziridine induced by mechanical force. Experimental results suggest that the force-induced cycloaddition of aziridine with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate as a dipolarophile does not seem to involve an ylide, with implications for a possible new reaction route.

1 Rivalry between Aziridine and Epoxide

2 Mechanochemically Responsive Polymers

3 Aziridine Mechanophore

4 Concluding Remarks and Outlook
Potassium Carbonate Promoted Nucleophilic Addition of Alkenes with Phosphites
Authors: Guo Shengmei , Huang Zhenjun , Liu Wei , Li Sen , Yang Yutian , Cai Hu
Published: June 2020

A facile hydrophosphonylation of alkenes by phosphites promoted by potassium carbonate was developed. The reaction features include easy handling, environmental friendliness, and avoidance of the use of strong bases. A variety of alkenes are tolerated in this reaction, with moderate to excellent yields.
Long-Term Results of Pisiformectomy in a Cohort of 57 Patients
Authors: Verhiel Svenna H. W. L. , Blackburn Julia , Ritt Marco J. P. F. , Chen Neal C.
Published: June 2020

Background Excision of the pisiform is an infrequently used option for pisotriquetral joint dysfunction when nonoperative treatment is ineffective. This study reviews the patient-reported outcomes of patients treated with pisiformectomy, and furthermore focuses on the complications and the need for and time to revision procedure.

Materials and Methods Medical records of 57 patients were manually reviewed and assessed for complications, rate of unplanned reoperations, and type of reoperations. Thirty-seven patients (65%) completed patient-rated outcomes surveys at a median of 10 years after their procedure.

Results The complication rate was 13% (n = 7). Ulnar nerve symptoms were noted in three patients. No reoperations were performed after the pisiform excision. Out of the 16 patients who had preoperative symptoms of ulnar nerve compression at the wrist, 10 patients reported that their symptoms had completely resolved after the surgery. The median Quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score after surgery was 4.5 (2.3–16), median score for pain 0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0–2), and median score for overall satisfaction 10 (IQR: 8–10).

Conclusions Pisiformectomy is a surgery used sparingly in cases with refractory pain associated with arthrosis of the pisotriquetral joint or enthesopathy of the flexor carpi ulnaris/pisiform interface. When utilized in this fashion, patients report limited disability on patient-rated outcome measures, low pain scores, and high satisfaction at mid- to late follow-up.
Machine Perfusion: Cold versus Warm, versus Neither. Update on Clinical Trials
Authors: Bonaccorsi-Riani E. , Brüggenwirth I.M.A. , Buchwald J.E. , Iesari S. , Martins P.N.
Published: June 2020

Machine perfusion (MP) preservation is potentially one of the most significant improvements in the field of liver transplantation in the last 20 years, and it has been considered a promising strategy for improved preservation and ex situ evaluation of extended criteria donor (ECD) organs. However, MP preservation adds significant cost and logistical considerations to liver transplantation. MP protocols are mainly classified according to the perfusion temperature with hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) and normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) being the two categories most studied so far. After extensive preclinical work, MP entered the clinical setting, and there are now several studies that demonstrated feasibility and safety. However, because of the limited quality of clinical trials, there is no compelling evidence of superiority in preservation quality, and liver MP is still considered experimental in most countries. MP preservation is moving to a more mature phase, where ongoing and future studies will bring new evidence in order to confirm their superiority in terms of clinical outcomes, organ utilization, and cost-effectiveness. Here, we present an overview of all preclinical MP studies using discarded human livers and liver MP clinical trials, and discuss their results. We describe the different perfusion protocols, pitfalls in MP study design, and provide future perspectives. Recent trials in liver MP have revealed unique challenges beyond those seen in most clinical studies. Randomized trials, correct trial design, and interpretation of data are essential to generate the data necessary to prove if MP will be the new gold standard method of liver preservation.