bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI ORANG TUA DENGAN USIA PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA 3-5 TAHUN DI TK SENTOSA BHAKTI BATURAJA
Authors: Budianto Yudi
Published: April 2021

Pendahuluan: Status sosial ekonomi adalah suatu pengelompokan orang-orang berdasarkan kesamaan karakteristik pekerjaan, pendidikan dan ekonomi. Status sosial ekonomi menunjukkan ketidaksetaraan tertentu. perkembangan anak adalah segala perubahan yang terjadi pada diri anak dilihat dari berbagai aspek antara lain aspek fisik (motorik), emosi, kognitif dan psikososial bagaimana anak berinteraksi dengan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status social ekonomi orang tua dengan usia perkembangan anak usia 3-5 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan di TK Sentosa Bhakti Baturaja Tahun 2019 sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 54 siswa/i. Metode Penelitian: merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara door to door dalam satu kali waktu pengisisan, kuesioner yang telah diisi selanjutnya di lakukan pengolahan data meliputi editing, coding, entry, cleaning. Hasil Penelitian: didapatkan bahwa nilai p value 0,013 (< 0,05) artinya ada hubungan yang bermakna antara status sosial ekonomi orang tua terhadap usia perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistic (hipotesis) yang dilakukan dengan pengujian Chisquare.

 

Introduction: Socioeconomic status is a grouping of people based on similar characteristics of work, education and economy. Socioeconomic status indicates certain inequalities. child development is all the changes that occur in the child seen from various aspects including physical (motor), emotional, cognitive and psychosocial aspects of how children interact with the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the socioeconomic status of parents with the age of development of children aged 3-5 years. This research was conducted in Sentosa Bhakti Baturaja Kindergarten in 2019. The samples in this study were 54 students. Research Methods: is a descriptive study. Data collection in this study was carried out door-to-door in one time filling, the questionnaire that was filled in then carried out data processing including editing, coding, entry, cleaning. Research Results: found that the p value of 0.013 (<0.05) means that there is a significant relationship between the socioeconomic status of parents to the child's developmental age. This study uses astatistical test (hypothesis) which is done by Chi-square testing.Keyword: Socio-Economic Status, Age of Child Development, Students.
KEGAWATDARURATAN PSIKOLOGIS BERUPA TINGKAT STRES, KECEMASAN DAN DEPRESI KORBAN GEMPA, TSUNAMI DAN LIKUIFAKSI DI WILAYAH PANTOLOAN KABUPATEN DONGGALA PALU SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Iswari Miranti Florencia
Published: April 2021

Pendahuluan: Korban bencana tidak hanya mengalami masalah darurat seperti pembangunan, makanan, kondisi fisik akibat gempa namun juga masalah kesehatan mental. Setelah peristiwa bencana, sebagian besar populasi korban bencana tetap memiliki reaksi psikologis yang normal, akan tetapi 15-20% akan mengalami gangguan mental ringan atau sedang yang merujuk pada kondisi PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), sementara 3-4% akan mengalami gangguan berat seperti psikosis, depresi berat dan kecemasan yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian: untuk menjelaskan tentang kegawatdaruratan psikologis berupatingkat stress, kecemasan dan depresi yang terjadi pada korban bencana gempa, tsunami dan likuifaksi wilayah pantoloan Kabupaten Donggala Palu Sulawesi Tengah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah para pengungsi di tenda-tenda pengungsian di wilayah Pantoloan Kabupaten Donggala dan sampel berjumlah 33 responden ditentukan dengan teknik total sampling. Metode: yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan Instrumen penelitian questioner DASS 42 dengan teknik wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian: didapatkan tingkat stress terbanyak pada kategori berat yaitu 17 orang (51.5%), tingkat kecemasan terbanyak kategori berat yaitu 30 orang (90.9%), dan tingkat depresi terbanyak kategori ringan yaitu 22orang 66.7%).

 

Introduction: Disaster victims not only experience emergency problems such as construction, food, physical condition due to the earthquake but also mental health problems. After a catastrophic event, the majority of the disaster victims population still has a normal psychological reaction, but 15-20% will experience mild or moderate mental disorders that refer to the condition of PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), while 3-4% will experience severe disorders like psychosis, major depression and high anxiety. The purpose of the study: to explain the psychological emergencies in the form of stress, anxiety and depression that occur in victims of the earthquake, tsunami and liquefaction of the Pantoloan area, Donggala Palu, Central Sulawesi. The population in this study wererefugees in refugee tents in the Pantoloan area of Donggala Regency and a sample of 33 respondents was determined by total sampling technique. Method: used is quantitative with descriptive research design. Data collection using the DASS 42 questioner research instrument with interview and observation techniques. Results: the highest levels of stress were found in the severe category of 17 people (51.5%), the most severe level of anxiety was 30 people (90.9%), and the mildest level of depression was 22 people 66.7%).
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN LASERASI PERINEUM PADA KEHAMILAN NORMAL DI RSUD DR. IBNU SOETOWO BATURAJA KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ULU
Authors: Sarwoko Sabtian
Published: April 2021

Pendahuluan: Banyak kemungkinan masalah yang muncul pada ibu pasca persalinan salah satunya adalah laserasi perineum. Laserasi perineum dapat menjadi suatu hal yang mengancam jika diikuti dengan perdarahan. Ada beberapa factor yang dapat mengakibatkan laserasi perineum yaitu jarak kehamilan,, berat bayi lahir, dan usia ibu. Tujuan penelitian: ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui factor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan laserasi perineum pada kehamilan normal. Di RS Ibnu Sotowo Baturaja. Metode Penelitian: ini menggunakan survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu bersalin normal di RSUD dr. Ibnu Soetowo Baturaja Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu, dengan sampel pengambilan sampel secara random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 177 responden. yang selanjutnya dilakukan uji statistik Chi-Square, dengan derajat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian: menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan jarak persalinan dengan kejadian laserasi perineum (p value 0,002), ada hubungan berat badan lahir dengan kejadian laserasi perineum (p value 0,001) serta ada hubungan umur ibu dengan kejadian laserasi perineum (p value 0,001).

 

Bacground: Many possible problems that arise in mothers after childbirth one of which is perineal laceration. Perineal laceration can be a threat if followed by bleeding. There are several factors that can cause perineal laceration, namely the distance of pregnancy, birth weight, and maternal age. This study aimed to determine what factors are associated with perineal laceration in normal pregnancy. At the Ibnu Sotowo Baturaja Hospital. Methode This research uses analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The study population was all normal delivery mothers at RSUD dr. Ibnu Soetowo Baturaja Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, with a random sampling with 177 respondents. the Chi-Square statistical test was then performed, with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that there was a relationship between the distance of labor with the incidence of perineal laceration (p value 0.002), there was a relationship of birth weight with the incidence of perineal laceration (p value 0.001) and there was a relationship between maternal age and the incidence of perineal laceration (p value 0.001).
ANALISIS KONSEP DIRI ANAK YANG TINGGAL DI PANTI ASUHAN ANALYSIS SELF CONCEPT OF CHILDREN LIVING IN ORPHANAGE
Authors: Dewi Romlah , Rini Puji Setya
Published: April 2021

Latar Belakang: Konsep diri mulai berkembang sejak masa bayi dan terus berkembang sejalan dengan perkembangan individu itu sendiri. Anak usia sekolah, merupakan usia anak dengan berbagai macam karakterisitik yang mempunyai konsep dari pada pandangannya atau penilaian individu lain terhadap dirinya sendiri, baik bersifat fisik, sosial, maupun psikologis yang di dapat dari hasil interaksinya dengan orang lain. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsep diri anak yang tinggal di panti asuhan. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan evaluation research secara univariat yaitu melakukan penilaian terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan program yang sedang dilakukan dalam rangka mencari umpan balik dan tehnik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan tehnik total sampling sebanyak 40 responden. Hasil : Hasil penelitian gambaran konsep diri anak usia 6-12 tahun meliputi gambaran diri positif 20 (50%) responden negatif 20 (50%), ideal diri realistis 19 (47%) dan tidak realistis 21 (53%) responden, harga diri tinggi 22 (55%) responden, rendah 18( 45%) peran diri berperan 22 (55%) responden, tidak berperan 18 (45%) responden, dan identitas diri kuat 17 (47%) responden, tidak kuat 23 (58%) responden. Kesimpulan : Hendaknya anak yang tinggal di panti asuhan dapat menjaga konsep diri sehingga memudahkan interaksi sosial sehingga individu yang bersangkutan dapat mengantisipasi reaksi orang lain.

 

 

Background: The concept of self began to develop from infancy and continues to develop in line with the development of the individual itself. school age children, is the age of children with a variety of characteristics that have concepts from their views or other individual assessments of themselves, both physical, social, and psychological in the results of their interactions with others. The purpose of this study was to determine the selfconcept of children living in orphanages. Methods: The research design used was observational analytic with a univariate evaluation research approach which was to carry out an assessment of the implementation of the program activities being carried out in order to seek feedback and sampling techniques using a total sampling technique of 40 respondents. Results The results of the study of self-concept of children aged 6-12 years include positive self-image 20 (50%) negative respondents 20 (50%), realistic self-ideal 19 (47%) and unrealistic 21 (53%) respondents, high self-esteem 22 (55%) respondents, low 18 (45%) self-role plays 22 (55%) respondents, does not play 18 (45%) respondents, and self-identity is strong 17 (47%) respondents, not strong 23 (58%) respondents . Conclusion:Children who live in orphanages should be able to maintain their self-concept so as to facilitate social interaction so that the individual can anticipate the reaction ofothers.
Defense of Host Plants against Orgyia trigotephras in Northeast of Tunisia
Authors:   Laboratoire d’Ecologie Forestière (LR161INRGREF03), INRGREF, Université de Carthage, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia, Ezzine Olfa , Chograni Hnia ,   Département de Biologie, INSAT, Université de Carthage, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia, Dhahri Samir ,   Laboratoire de Gestion et de Valorisation des Ressources Forestières (LR161INRGREF01) INRGREF, Université de Carthage, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia, Ben Jamâa Mohamed Lahbib ,   Laboratoire de Gestion et de Valorisation des Ressources Forestières (LR161INRGREF01) INRGREF, Université de Carthage, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia
Published: April 2021

The egg-larval stage of Orgyia trigotephras were observed in shrubs maquis of Jebel Abderrahmane in north-east Tunisia, mainly on Quercus coccifera and Pistacia lentiscus, while only eggs were noticed on Phillyrea media. This kind of observation suggest us to study tree defense against O. trigotephras which will be explored by chemical analysis of P. lentiscus, Q. coccifera and P. media. Two types of analyses were the focus of this study to understand plant defense (i) primary metabolites and (ii) components of essential oils of these tested plants. Kjeldhal method was used for nitrogen and Mrssorr method for potassium, sodium and phosphorus extraction. Essential oils were extracted with the hexane solvent; chemical composition was determined using (GC/MS) methods. Oil compounds were identified by comparison to their retention time. Results of mineral extraction showed that percentage of potassium, sodium, phosphorus and nitrogen were more important in P. lentiscus and P. media than in Q. coccifera. Five major compounds were identified from essential oils of Q. coccifera, four from P. media and four from P. lentiscus. Nitrogen, which is a source of protein for insects, is produced in low concentrations in the foliage, decreasing nitrogen levels strategy for defending the plant against insect larvae. The absence of monoterpens in the foliage at P. media could explain the choice of larvae not to feed upon this host which probably confers resistance against this defoliator.
Using Abacus and Bundles of Stick to Help Basic Two (2) Pupils to Add Two and Three-Digit Numbers: An Action Research of Ghana National College Basic School, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
Authors: O.K. Dennis , K.O. Ernest , K. Sulemana , Z. Yusif , Z. Zunurain , A. Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to use Abacus and Bundles of stick as Instructional Materials or Teaching Learning Materials (TLMs) to improve the addition of two- and three-digit numbers among Basic Two (2) Pupils of Ghana National College Basic School, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana. Action research design was used for the study. Evaluation Test (Pre-Test and Post-Test) were used to gather data on the pupils. The population was thirty-four (34) and the sample used for the study was fourteen (14) pupils. Pre-Test was used to assess the pupil’s performance to identify their strength and weakness for the necessary interventions to be used to solve that problem. Post-Test was used to gather results and compare the effectiveness of the use of Abacus and Bundles of stick in solving addition of two- and three-digits numbers in mathematics. Simple percentage count was employed by the researcher to display the results and findings. It was found out from the study that, appropriate materials like Bundles of sticks and Abacus should be encouraged and be used in primary schools more especially at the Lower Primary levels (Early Grade levels) to teach for the pupils to overcome their difficulties in solving addition problems involving two- and three-digits numbers.
Den andre persona
Authors: Black Edwin
Published: April 2021

Den amerikanske retorikeren Edwin Black mener at retorikk er moralske handlinger som kan dømmes ut fra moralske prinsipper. Ethvert idiom forutsetter en ideologi, og enhver diskurs forutsetter en leser med en viss karakter. Black analyserer John Birch Society's bruk av metaforen 'kommunismen som kreftsvulst', og er nådeløs i sin dom over deres ­politiske retorikk. Oversatt til norsk av Lars Nyre, introduksjon ved Lisa Storm Villadsen
The Study of Industry Field Awareness About Core Competencies
Authors: Song Changyong , Son Youmi , Seo Myounghee
Published: April 2021

The Study of Industry Field Awareness About Core Competencies
Heat Transfer Behaviour of Nano Fluid at High Pressure
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, India, Prajapati O.S. , Rohatgi N. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India, Rajvanshi A.K. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
Published: April 2021

Recent investigations on nanofluids indicate that the suspended nanoparticles markedly change the heat transfer characteristics of the suspension. In this study, heat transfer characteristics of ZnO-water nanofluids were investigated. Experiments were conducted with ZnO-water nanofluids at particle volume concentrations up to 0.1 volume %, constant subcooling of 20°C, pressure 2 bar, mass flux 400 kg/m2 s and heat fluxes up to 500 kW/m2 with variable. Effect of heat flux and nanofluid concentration on heat transfer coefficient of ZnO-water nanofluids was investigated. Study reveals that heat transfer coefficient increases with ZnO-water nanofluids.
The Relationship Between the Teaching Goal Orientations and Teaching Approach of Physical Education and Sports Teachers
Authors: Sarıgül Veysel , Karakaya Yunus Emre , İnce Uğur , Yalçın Cemal
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted in line with the opinions of physical education and sports teachers working in educational institutions to reveal the relationship between goal orientation towards teaching and teaching approaches. A total of 279 physical education and sports teachers from different schools in Elazig were enrolled in the study. To determine the target orientation of the research group towards teaching ‘Goal Orientation Scale for Teaching’ and to determine the teaching approaches ‘Instructional Approaches Inventory’ were used. The data obtained are saved by using the licensed SPSS 22.0 package program. ‘One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)’ and ‘Pearson Correlation Analysis’ has been made. As a result of the correlation analysis, a positive and high-level relationship between ‘Goal Orientation Scale for Teaching’ and ‘Skill Approach’ has been found (r = 0.789; p = 0.000). It has been concluded that there was a very high positive correlation between the ‘Teaching Approaches Inventory Scale’ and ‘Developmental’ subscale (r = 0.932; p = 0.000). The relationship between goal orientations towards teaching and teaching approaches was found to be positive and moderate (r = 0.616; p = 0.000). The fact that physical education and sports teachers enrich their teaching by establishing a relationship between their goal orientations and teaching approaches towards teaching in the lesson process will further contribute to students’ learning physical education and sports lessons in a meaningful way.
FATORES ASSOCIADOS À PROPOSIÇÃO DO DIAGNÓSTICO DE ENFERMAGEM: ATRASO NO CRESCIMENTO EM ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Batista Kadyjina Lúcio Daiane , Matias Karolayne Cabral , Cavalcanti Ricaelly De Medeiros , Fernandes Renata Marinho , Lopes Marcos Venícius de Oliveira , Lira Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: analisar os fatores socioeconômicos e clínicos associados à proposição do diagnóstico de enfermagem atraso no crescimento em adolescentes.Método: estudo transversal em escolas públicas de uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil. Amostra com 385 adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos. A coleta ocorreu de junho a setembro de 2017. A análise de dados ocorreu no IBM SPSS statistic.Resultados: os fatores que apresentaram associação com as características definidoras “Estatura final inferior ao alvo”, “Maturação sexual retardada”, “Diminuição da massa óssea”, “Velocidade de crescimento abaixo do esperado” e “Diminuição da massa óssea” foram: sexo, anos de estudo, estado civil e massa muscular. Os fatores relacionados “Efeitos indesejáveis de terapias” e “Privação emocional” associaram-se à idade e ao sexo, respectivamente.Conclusão: Esses fatores podem influenciar direta ou indiretamente na proposição diagnóstica, contribuindo na acurada detecção do problema, oportunizando ações precisas e resultados positivos em saúde.
EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE NA PRÁTICA DA ENFERMAGEM: INTEGRAÇÃO ENTRE ENSINO E SERVIÇO
Authors: Silva Valentina Barbosa da , Mendes Vanessa Alves , Lima Stéfane Christie Ferreira de , Gonçalves Thamyris Lucimar Pastorini , Paes Graciele Oroski , Stipp Marluci Andrade Conceição
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: relatar a experiência da Educação Permanente em Saúde na formação de acadêmicos de enfermagem integrando o ensino com o serviço de enfermagem.Desenvolvimento: relato de experiência sobre a prática de educação desenvolvida no hospital na capital de Rondônia, realizada no período entre abril e junho de 2019. Ela aconteceu em quatro momentos: troca de experiência entre os envolvidos; problematização das práticas; plano de intervenções; e avaliação. A implantação da educação permanente em saúde foi fundamental para a qualificação dos serviços, porém, registram-se dificuldades na execução, especialmente devido à forma da organização do trabalho hospitalar.Conclusão: a educação permanente em saúde no estágio supervisionado permitiu a criação de espaços de reflexão com a equipe, contribuindo para a ampliação do diálogo, compreensão da realidade e inclusão de estratégias facilitadoras ao trabalho da enfermagem.
INCIDÊNCIA DE VOLUME DE LÍQUIDOS EXCESSIVO EM PACIENTES ADULTOS SOB CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS
Authors: Bittencourt Caroline Monteiro , Busanello Josefine , Harter Jenifer , Garcia Raquel Potter
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: identificar a incidência do diagnóstico de enfermagem Volume de Líquidos Excessivo em pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, no período de três meses.Método: estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva da região sul do Brasil. Foram analisadas as características clínicas obtidas no prontuário e exame físico de 31 pacientes, admitidos entre março e maio de 2018, por distribuição de frequência, e análise bivariada com teste Qui-quadrado.Resultados: 54,8% dos pacientes desenvolveram Volume de Líquidos Excessivo, prevalecendo as características definidoras: edema, hemoglobina e hematócrito diminuídos, anasarca e desequilíbrio eletrolítico. Comprometimento neurológico, ventilação mecânica, sedação e mais de quatro dias de internação foram evidenciados como principais fatores relacionados.Considerações finais: este estudo contribui para a acurácia diagnóstica do Volume de Líquidos Excessivo dos pacientes internados em terapia intensiva e amplia a possibilidade de desenvolvimento deste diagnóstico de enfermagem.
AMAMENTAÇÃO, ALIMENTAÇÃO COMPLEMENTAR E SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL EM UMA REGIÃO DE FRONTEIRA
Authors: Hirano Aline Renata , Baggio Maria Aparecida , Ferrari Rosangela Aparecida Pimenta
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: conhecer como a amamentação e alimentação complementar se relacionam à segurança alimentar e nutricional de crianças residentes em uma região de fronteira.Método: pesquisa qualitativa com 12 mães e 12 profissionais de saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Os dados foram coletados entre abril e outubro de 2019, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e submetidos à Análise Temática de Conteúdo.Resultados: foram identificadas três categorias: Aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar: direito da criança ao alimento seguro e adequado; Aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar: da orientação ao consumo; Amamentação, alimentação complementar e o contexto da Tríplice Fronteira.Conclusão: o leite materno e a alimentação complementar saudável contemplam a segurança alimentar e nutricional. Cultura, condição financeira, trabalho materno, somados à oferta de alimentos inadequados, comprometem esse processo. Acredita-se que esse estudo possa fomentar ações e políticas públicas voltadas ao direito à alimentação infantil na região.
Empowering the Indiana Bridge Inventory Database Toward Rapid Seismic Vulnerability Assessment
Authors: Bonthron Leslie , Beck Corey , Lund Alana , Mahmud Farida , Zhang Xin , Orellana Montano Rebeca , Dyke Shirley J. , Ramirez Julio , Cao Yenan , Mavroeidis George
Published: April 2021

With the recent identification of the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone in addition to the New Madrid Seismic Zone, Indiana’s Department of Transportation (INDOT) has become concerned with ensuring the adequate seismic performance of their bridge network. While INDOT made an effort to reduce the seismic vulnerability of newly-constructed bridges, many less recent bridges still have the potential for vulnerability. Analyzing these bridges’ seismic vulnerability is a vital task. However, developing a detailed dynamic model for every bridge in the state using information from structural drawings is rather tedious and time-consuming. In this study, we develop a simplified dynamic assessment procedure using readily-available information from INDOT’s Bridge Asset Management Program (BIAS), to rapidly identify vulnerable bridges throughout the state. Eight additional data items are recommended to be added into BIAS to support the procedure. The procedure is applied in the Excel file to create a tool, which is able to automatically implement the simplified bridge seismic analysis procedure. The simplified dynamic assessment procedure and the Excel tool enable INDOT to perform seismic vulnerability assessment and identify bridges more frequently. INDOT can prioritize these bridges for seismic retrofits and efficiently ensure the adequate seismic performance of their assets.
Somatic cell score: gene polymorphisms and other effects in Holstein and Simmental cows
Authors: Čítek Jindřich , Brzáková Michaela , Hanusová Lenka , Hanuš Oto , Večerek Libor , Samková Eva , Jozová Eva , Hoštičková Irena , Trávníček Jan , Klojda Martin , Hasoňová Lucie
Published: April 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of gene polymorphisms and nongenetic factors on the somatic cell score (SCS) in the milk of Holstein (n = 148) and Simmental (n = 73) cows and their crosses (n = 6).Methods: The SCS was calculated by the formula SCS = log2(SCC/100,000)+3, where SCC is the somatic cell count. Polymorphisms in the casein alpha S1 (CSN1S1), beta-casein (CSN2), kappa-casein (CSN3), beta-lactoglobulin (LGB), acyl-CoA diacylglycerol transferase 1 (DGAT1), leptin (LEP), fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), and 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 6 (AGPAT6) genes were genotyped, and association analysis to the SCS in the cow’s milk was performed. Further, the impact of breed, farm, year, month of the year, lactation stage and parity on the SCS were analysed. Phenotype correlations among SCS and milk constituents were computed by Pearson correlation coefficients.Results: Only CSN2 genotypes A1/A2 were found to have significant association with the SCS (p<0.05), and alleles of CSN1S1 and DGAT1 genes (p<0.05). Other polymorphisms were not found to be significant. SCS had significant association with the combined effect of farm and year, lactation stage and month of the year. Lactation parity and breed had not significant association with SCS. The phenotypic correlation of SCS to lactose content was negative and significant, while the correlation to protein content was positive and significant. The correlations of SCS to fat, casein, nonfat solids, urea, citric acid, acetone and ketones contents were very low and not significant.Conclusion: Only CSN2 genotypes, CSN1S1 and DGAT1 alleles did show an obvious association to the SCS. The results confirmed the importance of general quality management of farms on the microbial milk quality, and effects of lactation stage and month of the year. The lactose content in milk reflects the health status of the udder.
Metabolomics comparison of serum and urine in dairy cattle using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Eom Jun Sik , Kim Eun Tae , Kim Hyun Sang , Choi You Young , Lee Shin Ja , Lee Sang Suk , Kim Seon Ho , Lee Sung Sill
Published: April 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to conduct metabolic profiling of dairy cattle serum and urine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and to compare the results obtained with those of other dairy cattle herds worldwide so as to provide a basic dataset to facilitate research on metabolites in serum and urine.Methods: Six dairy cattle were used in this study; all animals were fed the same diet, which was composed of total mixed ration; the fed amounts were based on voluntary intake. Blood from the jugular neck vein of each steer was collected at the same time using a separate serum tube. Urine samples were collected by hand sweeping the perineum. The metabolites were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by performing principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection scores, and metabolic pathway data using Metaboanalyst 4.0.Results: The total number of metabolites in the serum and urine was measured to be 115 and 193, respectively, of which 47 and 81, respectively were quantified. Lactate (classified as an organic acid) and urea (classified as an aliphatic acylic compound) exhibited the highest concentrations in serum and urine, respectively. Some metabolites that have been associated with diseases such as ketosis, bovine respiratory disease, and metritis, and metabolites associated with heat stress were also found in the serum and urine samples.Conclusion: The metabolites measured in the serum and urine could potentially be used to detect diseases and heat stress in dairy cattle. The results could also be useful for metabolomic research on the serum and urine of ruminants in Korea.
Mithun (Bos frontalis): the neglected cattle species and their significance to ethnic communities in the Eastern Himalaya — A review
Authors: Dorji Tashi , Wangdi Jigme , Shaoliang Yi , Chettri Nakul , Wangchuk Kesang
Published: April 2021

Objective: This review consolidates the available information on the socio-economic and ecological significance of Mithun in the lives of ethnic communities in the Eastern Himalaya.Methods: Standard guidelines were followed for the review and data collection was carried out at three stages; literature search, literature screening, and literature review and analysis.Results: Records indicate a long association of Mithun with the ethnic groups. Mithun serves as a symbol of pride and local currency for barter trade in the ethnic society. Its utilities range from being used as a bride price to settling legal disputes. Several cultural festivals and local ceremonies are celebrated around this bovine. Due to its semi-wild nature, this animal also has an ecological role to conserve broad leaf sub-tropical forests. However, it remains neglected and has not received policy attention, leading to a stagnated growth. The institutions for Mithun research and development are also weak. Furthermore, the species is under threat from new diseases and habitat alteration triggered by climate change.Conclusion: Founded on the current state of knowledge, there is a need for institutional development, strengthening institutional linkages, and promoting regional cooperation among Mithun rearing countries for further research and development of this unique cattle.
5-Aminolevulinic acid improves chicken sperm motility
Authors: Taniguchi Shin , Zhu Zhendong , Matsuzaki Mei , Tsudzuki Masaoki , Maeda Teruo
Published: April 2021

Objective: This study investigated the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on the motility parameters, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and ATP levels in chicken sperm.Methods: The pooled semen from Barred Plymouth Rock males was used. In the first experiment, the semen was diluted 4-times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS (-)) containing various concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mM) of 5-ALA, and then the sperm motility parameters after incubation were evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). In the second experiment, the semen was diluted 4-times with PBS (-) containing 0.05 mM 5-ALA, and then sperm mitochondrial membrane depolarization and ATP levels after 1.5 h of incubation were analyzed with the MitoPT® JC-1 Assay and ATP Assay kits, respectively. In the third experiment, the semen was removed from the seminal plasma and resuspended with the mediums of PBS (-), PBS (-) supplemented with CaCl2 and MgCl2 (PBS (+)) + 5-ALA, PBS (+) + caffeine, and PBS (+) + caffeine + 5-ALA. Then, the sperm motility parameters after incubation were evaluated by CASA. In the last experiment, the semen was treated with the mediums of PBS (-), PBS (-) + 5-ALA, 5.7% glucose, 5.7% glucose + 5-ALA after removing the seminal plasma, and then the sperm motility parameters were evaluated by CASA.Results: The addition of 0.05 mM 5-ALA significantly increased the chicken sperm motility, progressive motility, linearity, average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, and the wobble. The sperm mitochondrial membrane depolarization was also increased by the 5-ALA treatment. The 5-ALA treatment decreased the sperm ATP levels. Both the caffeine treatment and glucose treatment decreased the sperm motility during incubation period.Conclusion: 5-ALA might increase sperm mitochondrial membrane depolarization to utilize the ATP for enhancing sperm movement.
Urease and nitrification inhibitors with pig slurry effects on ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions, nitrate leaching, and nitrogen use efficiency in perennial ryegrass sward
Authors: Park Sang Hyun , Lee Bok Rye , Kim Tae Hwan
Published: April 2021

Objective: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of urease inhibitor (hydroquinone [HQ]) and nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide [DCD]) on nitrogen (N) use efficiency of pig slurry for perennial ryegrass regrowth yield and its environmental impacts.Methods: A micro-plot experiment was conducted using pig slurry-urea 15N treated with HQ and/or DCD and applied at a rate of 200 kg N/ha. The flows of N derived from the pig slurry urea to herbage regrowth and soils as well as soil N mineralization were estimated by tracing pig slurry-urea 15N, and the N losses via ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, and nitrate (NO3–) leaching were quantified for a 56 d regrowth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) sward.Results: Herbage dry matter at the final regrowth at 56 d was significantly higher in the HQ and/or DCD applied plots, with a 24.5% to 42.2% increase in 15N recovery by herbage compared with the control. Significant increases in soil 15N recovery were also observed in the plots applied with the inhibitors, accompanied by the increased N content converted to soil inorganic N (NH4+ +NO3–) (17.3% to 28.8% higher than that of the control). The estimated loss, which was not accounted for in the herbage-soil system, was lower in the plots applied with the inhibitors (25.6% on average) than that of control (38.0%). Positive effects of urease and/or nitrification inhibitors on reducing N losses to the environment were observed at the final regrowth (56 d), at which cumulative NH3 emission was reduced by 26.8% (on average 3 inhibitor treatments), N2O emission by 50.2% and NO3– leaching by 10.6% compared to those of the control.Conclusion: The proper application of urease and nitrification inhibitors would be an efficient strategy to improve the N use efficiency of pig slurry while mitigating hazardous environmental impacts.
Effect of storage time and the level of formic acid on fermentation characteristics, epiphytic microflora, carbohydrate components and in vitro digestibility of rice straw silage
Authors: Zhao Jie , Wang Siran , Dong Zhihao , Li Junfeng , Jia Yushan , Shao Tao
Published: April 2021

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of storage time and formic acid (FA) on fermentation characteristics, epiphytic microflora, carbohydrate components and in vitro digestibility of rice straw silage.Methods: Fresh rice straw was ensiled with four levels of FA (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% of fresh weight) for 3, 6, 9, 15, 30, and 60 d. At each time point, the silos were opened and sampled for chemical and microbial analyses. Meanwhile, the fresh and 60-d ensiled rice straw were further subjected to in vitro analyses.Results: The results showed that 0.2% and 0.6% FA both produced well-preserved silages with low pH value and undetected butyric acid, whereas it was converse for 0.4% FA. The populations of enterobacteria, yeasts, moulds and aerobic bacteria were suppressed by 0.2% and 0.6% FA, resulting in lower dry matter loss, ammonia nitrogen and ethanol content (p<0.05). The increase of FA linearly (p<0.001) decreased neutral detergent fibre and hemicellulose, linearly (p<0.001) increased residual water soluble carbohydrate, glucose, fructose and xylose. The in vitro gas production of rice straw was decreased by ensilage but the initial gas production rate was increased, and further improved by FA application (p<0.05). No obvious difference of FA application on in vitro digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre was observed (p>0.05).Conclusion: The 0.2% FA application level promoted lactic acid fermentation while 0.6% FA restricted all microbial fermentation of rice straw silages. Rice straw ensiled with 0.2% FA or 0.6% FA improved its nutrient preservation without affecting digestion, with the 0.6% FA level best.
Geduld als Ressource
Authors: Siebert-Blaesing Bettina
Published: April 2021

Many young adults find the pressure to perform highly stressful. For the field of individual coaching, the question arises of how patience can improve the situation of those affected. Based on a historical–philosophical classification, this book presents research approaches and studies on patience. Through a qualitative survey of 176 volunteers in their social year, the reader learns how young adults see patience as a form of help in crises. The central criteria in this respect are 'learning to be patient in everyday life and using the example of one’s parents', a 'dialogical relationship' and more 'time for rest and relaxation'. The book also describes recommendations for health promotion in (social) educational coaching for practice and research.
Acute myocardial infarction trends in the population of the Nišava District
Authors: Deljanin Zorana , Rančić Nataša , Ilić Mirko , Janićijević Ivana , Veljković Dejan
Published: April 2021

Acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of premature morbidity and premature death worldwide. The aim of the paper was to determine the trends of acute myocardial infarction in the period between 2006 and 2019 in the population of the Nišava District. A descriptive study was performed. Data about acute myocardial infarction incidence and mortality were obtained from the population registry for Acute Coronary Syndrome of Serbia. Crude, specific and age-standardized incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 persons were calculated as well as the trend lines. A total number of 12,142 new cases of acute myocardial infarction (7,595 in males and 4,547 in females) were registered. Men suffered 1.7 times more often than females. An insignificantly decreasing acute myocardial infarction incidence trend y = 0.4868x + 112.24, R² = 0.0029 was recorded. A total of 3,925 persons died (2,260 males and 1,665 females). Men died 1.4 times more often than women and a significant decreasing mortality trend was recorded both males (y = -1.6112x + 52.563, R² = 0.7779) and in females (y = -0.4956x + 22.81, R² = 0.3306). A significant increasing mortality trend of acute myocardial infarction by age was determined y = 11.152x - 34.519, R² = 0.7022. The trend of incidence tended to decrease however, without statistical significance, but insignificantly. The incidence and mortality rates were higher in men than in women for the whole observed period. Mortality trend significantly decreased both in men and in women and significantly increased with age.
Structural changes and economic growth of the Republic of Serbia: The effects of applied structural adjustment models
Authors: Ćorović Enes , Gligorijević Živorad , Manasijević Aleksandar
Published: April 2021

There is a general consensus in the economic literature that there is a strong correlation between structural changes and economic growth: structural changes are the most significant repercussion of economic growth, but at the same time, in the long run, it's most important factor. Having in mind this fact, the analysis of structural changes and economic growth of the Republic of Serbia is a key research issue on which this paper focuses. In that sense, the paper, based on relevant theoretical knowledge and reference statistics on the movement of basic macroeconomic indicators, monitors and analyzes the effects of applied models of economic growth in the process of structural adjustment of the economy of the Republic of Serbia during the first two decades of the 21st century, in which major, and in some sub periods, specific structural changes took place.
Measuring and estimating tax elasticity in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Kalaš Branimir , Mirović Vera , Andrašić Jelena
Published: April 2021

The paper analyzes tax elasticity in the Republic of Serbia in terms of tax revenues, personal income tax, corporate income tax, value added tax, social security contributions and excises for the period 2005-2019. Tax elasticity manifest sensitivity of tax forms to a change in the gross domestic product, where results have shown that indirect taxes have higher coefficients of elasticity compared to direct taxes. Results of empirical analysis have manifested that tax revenues are elastic to a change in gross domestic product, where 1% increase in GDP makes to a change of tax revenues for 1.31%. Also, tax elasticity is the highest at corporate income tax, while revenues from value added tax and excises are also elastic in the observed period. On the other hand, personal income tax and social security contributions are inelastic to a change in the gross domestic product in the Republic of Serbia.
The Internet promotion of Moravica administrative district as a tourism destination
Authors: Garabinović Dušan , Milićević Snežana
Published: April 2021

Tourism destinations tend to create and represent the integrated product of tourism appropriately. The target market can often be outside the national borders. In such circumstances, modern promotion in tourism requires flexibility, as well as the creation of optimum communication strategy. Such strategies include the combination of the Internet and the traditional forms of promotinal activities. It is necessary to highlight websites and social networks as the basic, often the most important elements of the Internet promotional mix. Each region possesses its own specific tourist features, the Moravica administrative district included (Čačak, Lučani, Gornji Milanovac and Ivanjica), as a part of the Republic of Serbia. According to this, the aim of this paper is to point out the presence of local tourism organizations, hotels, travel agencies and tourism events in the Moravica administrative district on the Internet, using websites and social networks. An Internet search and a search of social networks were performed in order to determine whether the previously mentioned factors of tourism have a Web site and accounts on the analyzed social networks, whether open accounts on social networks were used in the analyzed period in 2019 and to determine the number of followers. The contribution of this paper is that it provides an overview of the current situation in the area of online promotion of the Moravica administrative district as a tourism destination that has not been researched extensively so far.
The global distribution of Chinese investments: Importance for the economy of Serbia
Authors: Marjanović Darko , Jovičić Elena , Stojanović Danijela
Published: April 2021

Before the onset of the global economic crisis (2007), SEE countries generally focused their activities on attracting investment from developed and affluent European countries. The financial crisis has significantly affected the inflow of foreign investment, so that some Southeast European countries have become very attractive destinations for Chinese companies and their investments. This is precisely the period when Chinese companies received a clear signal from their home country to take advantage of the financial crisis that hit European countries, to diversify their investments and increase their market share. Due to lack of investment, Serbia opened its market and received fresh Chinese capital. The aim of this paper is to present the global distribution of Chinese investments, with particular reference to the importance they have for the Serbian economy. In order to get a clearer picture of the current situation, the secondary data for the period 2013-2019 years are used in the analysis, both regionally and globally. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that Serbia is currently the largest recipient of Chinese investments in the region, and in the upcoming period, the trend of Chinese investments growth is expected to be continued, which will further contribute to the development of the Serbian economy.
A classification of contemporary cognitive currents in the Islamic world with specific critical reference to neo-mu'tazilism
Authors: Halilović Seid
Published: April 2021

One of the recent currents of thought in the contemporary Islamic world, which is becoming increasingly dominant, is developing on the margins of social and cognitive credibility of modern rationality. The basic methodological orientation that characterizes this cognitive current could reaffirm the historical memory of mu'tazilism, a classical theological school in Islam known for the fact that its representatives strongly promoted the primary importance of rational thinking. It does not matter whether we will accept to call these new Muslim thinkers NEO-mu'tazilites because of that - what will be much more important is to clearly determine their cognitive position in the overall classification of cognitive currents in the contemporary Islamic world. In fact, today we recognize four general currents of Muslim thought: (1) continuity of historical intellectual heritage, (2) mechanical promotion of modern knowledge, (3) critique of modernism from the perspective of Islamic intellectual tradition, (4) reconstruction of Islamic historical heritage from the perspective of exclusive credibility of modern knowledge. In this general cognitive classification in the contemporary conditions of the Islamic world, it will be crucial to distinguish two groups within the last current of thought, namely: (1) early Muslim reformers who were not experts in internal structures and hidden philosophical principles of modern science, (2) newer thinkers who are in no way connected with the historical heritage of Islamic classical knowledge, but under the cloak of popular religious terms reduce the key elements of the Islamic doctrinal and ontological stage in favour of the exclusive authority of the logical structures of modern rationality. These latter thinkers, who usually declare themselves as NEO-mu'tazilites, by essential reconstruction of the cultural and civilizational being of Islam, in fact discredit the social position of contemporary representatives of the classical Islamic intellectual heritage, who in the last few decades have renewed the internal sources of Islamic civilizational power in conditions of general reaffirmation of religious values. In this context, we will understand better the recent changes in the balance of global power and the models by which the modern West is reorganizing comprehensive capacities of its political, media and even academic authorities in order to consolidate in the long run new intellectual and educational structures in the contemporary Islamic world on the margins of modern rationality.
On theological-philosophical teachings of the Mu'tazilite school
Authors: Džilo Hasan
Published: April 2021

The paper discusses several issues that were in the centre of interest of the most important representatives of the Mu'tazilite school. It is a concept of God's absolute transcendence presented through rational arguments. The transcendence of God also becomes a central theological-philosophical question in Abu Hudayl, Vasil Ibn Ata, Jubai, Nazzam, Abu Hashim and others. The whole theory of Mu'tazilites about divine properties, modes, or states functions as proof of divine transcendence and the idea of creation clothed in philosophical form. These theories cannot be validly formed unless the notion of the oneness of God (tawhid) is abstracted. Mu'tazilites add another category to this notion, which has a metaphysical meaning, and that is divine justice, which they relate to ethical concepts, that is, to man's freedom and responsibility.