bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronic acids mediate the infiltration, migration, andM2polarization of macrophages: evaluating metabolic molecular phenotypes in gliomas
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Nan , Dai Ziyu , Wang Zeyu , Zhang Xun , Liang Xisong , Zhang Liyang , Feng Songshan , Wu Wantao , Ye Weijie , Zhang Jian , Luo Peng , Liu Zaoqu , Cheng Quan , Liu Zhixiong
Published: September 2022

Gliomas cause high mortality around the world. The metabolic pattern of the tumor was previously suggested to be associated with the patient's survival outcome and immune activity. Yet, this relationship in glioma remains unknown. This study systematically evaluated the immune landscape in different phenotypes classified by metabolic‐related pathways of 3068 glioma samples and 33 glioblastoma single‐cell sequencing samples. Machine learning prediction analysis of microarray with R (pamr) was used for validating clustering results. A total of 5842 pan‐cancer samples were used for external validation of the metabolic clusters. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) assay, cell clone assay, EdU assay, wound healing assay, Transwell assay, and co‐culture assay were performed to verify the distinction in molecular characteristics among metabolic clusters. Metabolomics and RNA sequencing were performed on HS683 and U251 cells to annotate potential hyaluronic acid (HA)‐mediated pathways. Three distinct metabolic phenotypes were identified. Metabolic cluster 1 correlated with a high number of immune infiltrating cells and poor survival of glioma patients. Metabolic clusters were proved with different levels of the macrophage markers CD68 and CD163 by multiplex immunofluorescence staining. Glioma cells from other metabolic clusters also expressed various levels of HA. HA was further found to mediate glioma proliferation, progression, and invasion. Moreover, HA potentially promoted macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization through the IL‐1/CHI3L1 and TGF‐b/CHI3L1 axes. HA also regulated the expression of PD‐L1. This work revealed the significant connection between metabolic patterns, especially HA, and tumor immune infiltration in gliomas.
Direct Ink Writing of AISI 316L Dense Parts and Porous Lattices
Authors: Biasetto Lisa , Elsayed Hamada
Published: September 2022

The focus of the present work is the development of a metallic ink that possesses controlled rheological properties: by keeping printing parameters constant both AISI 316L dense parts and porous scaffolds have been produced. Shrinkage, porosity, and mechanical properties have been studied to evaluate the link between the ink rheological properties and the final part. Depending on binder composition, linear shrinkage ranging from 9% to 22% and porosity from 34 to 7 vol% are measured. Tensile strength for specimens sintered at 1240 °C reach the value of 444 MPa and elongation at a break of 12.3%. These values are still far from additively manufactured AISI 316L parts with powder bed fusion technologies, but represent an improvement compared to previously reported data in the literature for AISI 316L parts 3D printed by DIW. Porous scaffolds with a spanning distance of 1.2 mm are printed and sintered. Porosity of 74 vol% and compression strength of 74 MPa are measured for this set of samples showing how the produced ink represents a valuable alternative to pastes already present in the literature.
Bioactive Titanium Surfaces Enriched with Silver Nanoparticles Through an In Situ Reduction: Looking for a Balance Between Cytocompatibility and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Cazzola Martina , Barberi Jacopo , Ferraris Sara , Cochis Andrea , Cempura Grzegorz , Czyrska-Filemonowicz Aleksandra , Rimondini Lia , Spriano Silvia
Published: September 2022

This research aims toward an antibacterial and osteoconductive Ti6Al4V surface by chemical etching–oxidation treatment and in situ reduction of silver nanoparticles. Starting from a previously developed process, already proved to enhance the osteoinductive ability of titanium, different parameters are changed to tailor the amount of silver and its distribution across the surface oxide layer thickness. The samples are characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, release of silver, biofilm formation (Staphylococcus aureus), and cytocompatibility toward human osteoblasts progenitor cells. The total amount of silver in the surface oxide layer depends only on the concentration of the silver precursor. The time of the addition of the silver precursor, during the oxidation treatment, affects the oxide layer thickness, dimension, and distribution of the nanoparticles across the surface oxide: they are larger and accumulate on the outermost layer, if the addition occurs early. The maximum ion release occurs after 24 h and lasts up to 14 days; the later addition of silver precursors leads to sustaining the silver release for a longer time. The samples prepared with the higher concentration of the silver precursor are bactericide, but highly cytotoxic, whereas the other ones are bacteriostatic and moderately cytotoxic.
Inorganic‐Based Printed Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Authors: Sarbajna Avishek , Rösch Andres Georg , Franke Leonard , Lemmer Uli , Mallick Md Mofasser
Published: September 2022

One of the simplest ways to generate electric power from waste heat is thermoelectric (TE) energy conversion. So far, most of the research on thermoelectrics has focused on inorganic bulk TE materials and their device applications. However, high production costs per power output and limited shape conformity hinder applications of state‐of‐the‐art thermoelectric devices (TEDs). In recent years, printed thermoelectrics has emerged as an exciting pathway for their potential in the production of low‐cost shape‐conformable TEDs. Although several inorganic bulk TE materials with high performance are successfully developed, achieving high performance in inorganic‐based printed TE materials is still a challenge. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made in printed thermoelectrics in recent years. In this review article, it is started with an introduction signifying the importance of printed thermoelectrics followed by a discussion of theoretical concepts of thermoelectricity, from fundamental transport phenomena to device efficiency. Afterward, the general process of inorganic TE ink formulation is summarized, and the current development of the inorganic and hybrid inks with the mention of their TE properties and their influencing factors is elaborated. In the end, TEDs with different architecture and geometries are highlighted by documenting their performance and fabrication techniques.
Mechano‐Graded Electrodes Mitigate the Mismatch between Mechanical Reliability and Energy Density for Foldable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ge Xiang , Cao Shengkai , Lv Zhisheng , Zhu Zhiqiang , Tang Yuxin , Xia Huarong , Zhang Hongwei , Wei Jiaqi , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yanyan , Zeng Yi , Chen Xiaodong
Published: September 2022

Flexible lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density are highly desirable for wearable electronics. However, difficult to achieve excellent flexibility and high energy density simultaneously via the current approaches for designing flexible LIBs. To mitigate the mismatch, mechano‐graded electrodes with gradient‐distributed maximum allowable strain are proposed to endow high‐loading‐mass slurry‐coating electrodes with brilliant intrinsic flexibility without sacrificing energy density. As a proof‐of‐concept, the up‐graded LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathodes (≈15 mg cm−2, ≈70 µm) and graphite anodes (≈8 mg cm−2, ≈105 µm) can tolerate an extremely low bending radius of 400 and 600 µm, respectively. Finite element analysis (FEA) reveals that, compared with conventionally homogeneous electrodes, the flexibility of the up‐graded electrodes is enhanced by specifically strengthening the upper layer and avoiding crack initiation. Benefiting from this, the foldable pouch cell (required bending radius of ≈600 µm) successfully realizes a remarkable figure of merit (FOM, energy density vs bending radius) of 121.3 mWh cm−3. Moreover, the up‐graded‐electrodes‐based pouch cells can deliver a stable power supply, even under various deformation modes, such as twisting, folding, and knotting. This work proposes new insights for harmonizing the mechanics and electrochemistry of energy storage devices to achieve high energy density under flexible extremes.
Synthesis of Benzofurans from Sulfur Ylides and ortho‐Hydroxy‐Functionalized Alkynes
Authors: Yu Wenjing , Tung Chen‐Ho , Xu Zhenghu
Published: September 2022

The synthesis of benzofurans from readily accessible sulfur ylides and ortho‐hydroxy aryl alkynes is reported. The transformation proceeds through an isomerization/nucleophilic addition/cyclization/aromatization cascade. The substrate scope is very general with respect to both reactants and the products are afforded in 43–94% yield under conditions which are catalyst‐free and additive‐free.

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Low‐Temperature Behavior of Alloy Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cavallaro Kelsey A. , Sandoval Stephanie Elizabeth , Yoon Sun Geun , Thenuwara Akila C. , McDowell Matthew T.
Published: September 2022

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) show poor performance at temperatures below 0 °C due to sluggish reaction kinetics, hindered diffusion, and electrolyte freezing. Materials that alloy with lithium offer higher specific capacity than graphite anodes and are studied extensively at room temperature, but their low‐temperature behavior is not well understood. Here, the electrochemical and transformation behavior of three alloy materials (antimony, silicon, and tin) are investigated. It is shown that antimony is particularly well suited for low‐temperature applications due to its relatively high electrode potential and promising electrochemical stability at low temperatures. It is found that lithium‐antimony alloys can be cycled down to −40 °C with ten times higher specific capacity than graphite on the first cycle. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique is used to understand the kinetic and thermodynamic limitations of these electrode materials at low temperatures, and X‐ray diffraction shows that electrochemical phase transformation behavior is also altered at low temperatures. Finally, it is found that the use of reference electrodes is necessary at low temperatures to avoid counter electrode effects. This investigative study provides new understanding of the behavior of alloy anodes at low temperatures and reveals the need for electrode/electrolyte optimization to enable low‐temperature LIBs.
Motion Analysis and Real‐Time Trajectory Prediction of Magnetically Steerable Catalytic Janus Micromotors
Authors: Wu Jiaen , Folio David , Zhu Jiawei , Jang Bumjin , Chen Xiangzhong , Feng Junxiao , Gambardella Pietro , Sort Jordi , Puigmartí-Luis Josep , Ergeneman Olgac , Ferreira Antoine , Pané Salvador
Published: September 2022

Chemically driven micromotors display unpredictable trajectories due to the rotational Brownian motion interacting with the surrounding fluid molecules. This hampers the practical applications of these tiny robots, particularly where precise control is a requisite. To overcome the rotational Brownian motion and increase motion directionality, robots are often decorated with a magnetic composition and guided by an external magnetic field. However, despite the straightforward method, explicit analysis and modeling of their motion have been limited. Here, catalytic Janus micromotors are fabricated with distinct magnetizations and a controlled self‐propelled motion with magnetic steering is shown. To analyze their dynamic behavior, a dynamic model that can successfully predict the trajectory of micromotors in uniform viscous flows in real time by incorporating a form of state‐dependent‐coefficient with a robust two‐stage Kalman filter is theoretically developed. A good agreement is observed between the theoretically predicted dynamics and experimental observations over a wide range of model parameter variations. The developed model can be universally adopted to various designs of catalytic micro‐/nanomotors with different sizes, geometries, and materials, even in diverse fuel solutions. Finally, the proposed model can be used as a platform for biosensing, detecting fuel concentration, or determining small‐scale motors’ propulsion mechanisms in an unknown environment.
Exome sequencing efficacy and phenotypic expansions involving esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula plus
Authors: Sy Mary R. , Chauhan Jaynee , Prescott Katrina , Imam Aliza , Kraus Alison , Beleza Ana , Salkeld Lee , Hosdurga Saraswati , Parker Michael , Vasudevan Pradeep , Islam Lily , Goel Himanshu , Bain Nicole , Park Soo‐Mi , Mohammed Shehla , Dieterich Klaus , Coutton Charles , Satre Véronique , Vieville Gaëlle , Donaldson Alan , Beneteau Claire , Ghoumid Jamal , Van Den Bogaert Kris , Boogaerts Anneleen , Boudry Elise , Vanlerberghe Clémence , Petit Florence , Bernardini Laura , Torres Barbara , Mattina Teresa , Carli Diana , Mandrile Giorgia , Pinelli Michele , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Neas Katherine , Beddow Rachel , Tørring Pernille M. , Faletra Flavio , Spedicati Beatrice , Gasparini Paolo , Mussa Alessandro , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Lampe Anne , Lam Wayne , Bi Weimin , Bacino Carlos A. , Kuwahara Akela , Bush Jeffrey O. , Zhao Xiaonan , Luna Pamela N. , Shaw Chad A. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Scott Daryl A.
Published: September 2022

Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is a life‐threatening birth defect that often occurs with other major birth defects (EA/TEF+). Despite advances in genetic testing, a molecular diagnosis can only be made in a minority of EA/TEF+ cases. Here, we analyzed clinical exome sequencing data and data from the DECIPHER database to determine the efficacy of exome sequencing in cases of EA/TEF+ and to identify phenotypic expansions involving EA/TEF. Among 67 individuals with EA/TEF+ referred for clinical exome sequencing, a definitive or probable diagnosis was made in 11 cases for an efficacy rate of 16% (11/67). This efficacy rate is significantly lower than that reported for other major birth defects, suggesting that polygenic, multifactorial, epigenetic, and/or environmental factors may play a particularly important role in EA/TEF pathogenesis. Our cohort included individuals with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants that affect TCF4 and its downstream target NRXN1, and FANCA, FANCB, and FANCC, which are associated with Fanconi anemia. These cases, previously published case reports, and comparisons to other EA/TEF genes made using a machine learning algorithm, provide evidence in support of a potential pathogenic role for these genes in the development of EA/TEF.
A Simple and General Nickel‐Catalyzed Michael‐Type Hydroamination of Activated Olefins Using Arylamines
Authors: Rajesh Rajagopal , Garg Jai Anand , Thiruvengetam Prabaharan , Kunjanpillai Rajesh
Published: September 2022

A simple and general addition of aromatic amines to activated olefins viz; acrylonitrile, phenyl vinyl sulfone and dimethyl maleate were realized using a combination of 1–10 mol% of NiBr2 and 2–20 mol% of AgOTf at 27–100 °C in toluene as solvent. A variety of aromatic amines bearing both electron donating and electron withdrawing groups including sterically demanding ones, as well as heteroaromatic amines could be added to activated olefins giving rise to the desired β‐amino acid derivatives or β‐amino sulfones in good yields. Addition of anilines to acrylonitrile was also found to be progressing when AgOTf alone was used as catalyst but was far less effective when compared to catalysis in the presence of NiBr2.
Controllable Self‐Focusing Circular Vortex Pearcey Gaussian Beam with Low Spatial Coherence
Authors: Shi Jingyi , Liang Zehong , Wang Xinyue , Wei Quanfeng , Shui Lingling , Deng Dongmei
Published: September 2022

A new type of controllable self‐focusing circular vortex Pearcey Gaussian beam, which can create an optical potential well with adjustable depth and width at the center of the beam by adjusting the coherent width and the number of topological charges, is introduced. As the coherent width increases, the intensity becomes lower in the dark notch caused by the topological charges, which are consistent with the experimental results. In addition, the self‐focusing location and the strength of the circular vortex Pearcey Gaussian beam can be controlled by the spatial coherence in the simulation.
Ultrahigh‐Throughput Screening of an Artificial Metalloenzyme using Double Emulsions**
Authors: Vallapurackal Jaicy , Stucki Ariane , Liang Alexandria Deliz , Klehr Juliane , Dittrich Petra S. , Ward Thomas R.
Published: September 2022

The potential for ultrahigh‐throughput compartmentalization renders droplet microfluidics an attractive tool for the directed evolution of enzymes. Importantly, it ensures maintenance of the phenotype‐genotype linkage, enabling reliable identification of improved mutants. Herein, we report an approach for ultrahigh‐throughput screening of an artificial metalloenzyme in double emulsion droplets (DEs) using commercially available fluorescence‐activated cell sorters (FACS). This protocol was validated by screening a 400 double‐mutant streptavidin library for ruthenium‐catalyzed deallylation of an alloc‐protected aminocoumarin. The most active variants, identified by next‐generation sequencing, were in good agreement with hits obtained using a 96‐well plate procedure. These findings pave the way for the systematic implementation of FACS for the directed evolution of (artificial) enzymes and will significantly expand the accessibility of ultrahigh‐throughput DE screening protocols.
Highly Selective Preparation and Depolymerization of Chemically Recyclable Poly(cyclopentene carbonate) Enabled by Organoboron Catalysts
Authors: Yang Guan‐Wen , Wang Yuhui , Qi Huan , Zhang Yao‐Yao , Zhu Xiao‐Feng , Lu Chenjie , Yang Li , Wu Guang‐Peng
Published: September 2022

Poly(cyclopentene carbonate) (PCPC) produced by copolymerization of CO2and cyclopentene oxide (CPO) is a promising but challenging chemical recyclable polymer that has high potential in minimizing plastic pollution and maximizing CO2utilization. Currently, problems remain to be solved, include low reactivity of toxic metal catalysts, inevitable byproducts, and especially the ambiguous mechanism understanding. Herein, we present the first metal‐free access to PCPC by using a series of modular dinuclear organoboron catalysts. PCPC was afforded in an unprecedented catalytic efficiency of 1.0 kg of PCPC/g of catalyst; while the depolymerization of PCPC abides by a combination pathway of random chain scission and chain unzipping, returning CPO in near‐quantitative yield (>99 %). The preparation and depolymerization of PCPC along with in depth understanding of related mechanisms would be helpful for further development of advanced catalysts and recyclable plastics.
Self‐Assembly of Peapod‐like Micrometer Tubes from a Planet‐Satellite‐type Supramolecular Megamer
Authors: Xu Fugui , Li Ke , Li Shanlong , Li Chen , Yu Chunyang , Wang Yuling , Jiang Wenfeng , Lin Shaoliang , Mai Yiyong , Zhou Yongfeng
Published: September 2022

This study presents interesting self‐assembly of peapod‐like micrometer tubes from a planet‐satellite‐type supramolecular megamer, which was constructed through the specific host–guest molecular recognition between azobenzene (AZO)‐functionalized hyperbranched poly(ethyl‐3‐oxetanemethanol)‐star‐poly(ethylene oxide) (HSP‐AZO) and β‐cyclodextrin(CD)‐based hydrophilic hyperbranched polyglycerol (CD‐g‐HPG). A peapod‐like structure with micrometer‐sized tube as the pod and vesicles encapsulated inside as the peas was formed through sequential vesicle entosis, linear association, and fusion processes. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations support the structural possibility of the supramolecular peapod formation and its mechanism. UV light irradiation could lead to the disassembly of the peapod‐like structure. This study expands the family of supramolecular polymers and opens a new avenue to develop bioinspired complex hierarchical nanoarchitectures at the microscopic level.
Tris(ortho‐carboranyl)borane: An Isolable, Halogen‐Free, Lewis Superacid
Authors: Akram Manjur O. , Tidwell John R. , Dutton Jason L. , Martin Caleb D.
Published: September 2022

The synthesis of tris(ortho‐carboranyl)borane (BoCb3), a single site neutral Lewis superacid, in one pot from commercially available materials is achieved. The high fluoride ion affinity (FIA) confirms its classification as a Lewis superacid and the Gutmann‐Beckett method as well as adducts with Lewis bases indicate stronger Lewis acidity over the widely used fluorinated aryl boranes. The electron withdrawing effect ofortho‐carborane and lack of pi‐delocalization of the LUMO rationalize the unusually high Lewis acidity. Catalytic studies indicate that BoCb3is a superior catalyst for promoting C−F bond functionalization reactions than tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3].
Lightweight and flexible bismuth oxide composite with enhancedx‐rayshielding efficiency
Authors: Cheraghi Elahe , Chen Siyuan , Liu Jiayu Alexander , Sun Yonghai , Yeow John Tze‐Wei
Published: September 2022

Lead‐based shielding materials are commonly used to protect clinical personnel and patients from high energy x‐ray radiations. However, the toxicity and heavy weight of lead can result in serious health concerns and limit its applications. Alternatively, polymer composites are known as one of the potential candidates to shield high energy photons. Herein, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites are fabricated using different weight percentages (wt.%) of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanoparticles. The mechanical strength of nanocomposites is evaluated by Instron 5548 Micro Tester. Also, x‐ray shielding properties are characterized using continuous x‐ray energies from 60 to 90 keV. To study the effect of the nanocomposite structure on mechanical and shielding properties, multilayer nanocomposites in 2 to 5 layers are also fabricated with alternately PDMS/Bi2O3and PDMS/MWCNT layers and are characterized by the same methods. The 5‐layer nanocomposite improves the mechanical strength from 1.7 MPa in neat PDMS to 4.68 MPa. It is also capable of attenuating 89% of the scattered x‐rays generated at a tube potential of 60 keV, with a weight advantageous in comparison with pure lead.
Introducing concepts of passivity‐based control in anti‐windup algorithms
Authors: Fernández Roberto Daniel , Peña Ricardo Ramiro , Martínez Leandro Ariel , Mantz Ricardo Julián
Published: September 2022

This work presents a reference conditioning anti‐windup scheme based on passivity control theory. The main closed‐loop is controlled by a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control, and the injection and damping assignment technique ensures that PID variables are compatible with the process input. In the proposed algorithm, a fictitious actuator, modeled as a first‐order filter, is incorporated to estimate the rate of change and the output of the actuator device. Amplitude and rate constraints are weight by coefficients that shape the energy function of the anti‐windup scheme. Finally, to show how the algorithm can cope with the windup problem, simulation results are presented. Even when shown the results on a linear PID, the proposal can extend to any linear or nonlinear control in the main control loop.
“Water‐Salt‐in‐Deep Eutectic Solvent” Method to Optimize Conductivity, Viscosity and Freeze Resistance for Eutectic Electrolytes
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Yafei , Zhang Yangming , Zhao Jingxin , Liu Yiyang , Guan Ying , Zhang Yongjun
Published: September 2022

A novel and simple “water‐salt‐in‐deep eutectic solvent” (WS‐DES) strategy is reported here to increase the ionic conductivity, while reducing the viscosity and freezing temperature of deep eutectic solvent (DES). Upon the addition of water and strong electrolyte salt to the DES of [LiTFSI][EG], the conductivity was increased by 16 times, the viscosity was decreased by 36 %, and the freezing temperature was decreased by 30 °C. Additionally, WS‐DES strategy can be well applied to electrolytes for supercapacitor devices. Compared to the initial DES, supercapacitors using WS‐DES electrolyte have higher specific capacitance, better rate performance, lower IR voltage drop, and lower internal resistance. Moreover, the WS‐DES electrolyte also exhibits excellent electrochemical stability under extreme condition even at −40 °C.
The Deep Temporal Arteries: Anatomical Study with Application to Augmentations Procedures of the Temple
Authors: Bae Hyungkyu , Choi You‐Jin , Lee Kyu‐Lim , Gil Young‐Chun , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical features of the deep temporal arteries (DTAs) and thereby provide clinical information for the temple augmentation procedure. Forty‐two adult hemifaces from 15 Korean and 6 Thai cadavers (12 males, 9 females; mean age at death, 79.6 years) with no history of trauma or surgical procedure on the temple area were used for anatomical study. A detailed dissection was performed to identify the locations of the anterior and posterior deep temporal arteries (ADTA and PDTA) with reference to the vertical plane passing through the zygomatic tubercle. Fifty‐eight healthy Korean participants (31 males and 27 females; mean age, 24.7 years) were included in the ultrasonographic study. The distance from the bone to the DTAs was measured at the level of the zygomatic tubercle (HZt) and the eyebrow (HEb). The DTAs were not found within 7.2–12.6 mm posterior to the zygomatic tubercle; instead, the locations varied widely at the HEb. The distances between the bone and the ADTA were 1.7 ± 1.2 mm (mean ± SD) and 1.3 ± 0.8 mm, and those between the bone and the PDTA were 2.1 ± 1.2 mm and 2.0 ± 1.4 mm at HZtand HEb, respectively. Our findings indicate that at HZt, the area 1 cm posterior to the zygomatic tubercle may be a safe area for deep temple augmentation procedures. However, because the distribution patterns of the DTAs at HEband depth of the DTAs are variable, additional care is required to minimize the risks of the procedure.
Clinical applications of mucogingival therapies utilizing adjunctive autologous blood products
Authors: Geisinger Maria L. , Kaur Maninder , Abou Arraj Ramzi V. , Basma Hussein , Geurs Nicolaas C.
Published: September 2022

Background

Mucogingival deformities are prevalent oral conditions and can result in esthetic compromise, dentinal hypersensitivity, and an increase in radicular caries rates. Mucogingival treatments address thin periodontal phenotype and/or gingival recession defects. Although many of these grafting procedures are predictable in improving soft‐tissue quality and quantity around teeth and dental implants, patients often complain of discomfort at both the donor and recipient sites. Free gingival grafts and coronally advanced flaps alone or in combination with subepithelial connective tissue graft and/or acellular dermal matrix are among the most common surgical procedures employed to achieve root coverage and enhance periodontal phenotype. Autologous blood products (ABPs) contain platelets, growth factors, leukocytes, and stem cells that contribute to cell mitosis, collagen production, and angiogenesis, leading to the healing and regeneration of hard and soft tissue. Evaluation of the adjunctive role of ABPs in mucogingival surgery and their impacts on clinical and patient‐centered data is critical to achieve optimal patient‐reported outcome measures based upon the current scientific evidence.

Methods

We present exemplar cases in which adjunctive ABPs were utilized in mucogingival treatment to enhance treatment outcomes.

Results

No adverse events were noted. Satisfactory treatment outcomes were achieved in patients with local and/or systemic compromise when mucogingival therapies were used in combination with ABPs.

Conclusions

Adjunctive use of ABPs may enhance outcomes of mucogingival therapy. Utilization of adjunctive ABPs may be particularly advantageous in situations where the predictability of clinical and esthetic outcomes is limited due to anatomical and/or patient factors.
Identification of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors Using the Cell Painting Assay
Authors: Schölermann Beate , Bonowski Jana , Grigalunas Michael , Burhop Annina , Xie Yusheng , Hoock Joseph G. F. , Liu Jie , Dow Mark , Nelson Adam , Nowak Christine , Pahl Axel , Sievers Sonja , Ziegler Slava
Published: September 2022

Profiling approaches have been increasingly employed for the characterization of disease‐relevant phenotypes or compound perturbation as they provide a broad, unbiased view on impaired cellular states. We report that morphological profiling using the cell painting assay (CPA) can detect modulators of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) in particular. The CPA can differentiate between impairment of pyrimidine and folate metabolism, which both affect cellular nucleotide pools. The identified morphological signature is shared by inhibitors of DHODH and the functionally tightly coupled complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain as well as by UMP synthase, which is downstream of DHODH. The CPA appears to be particularly suited for the detection of DHODH inhibitors at the site of their action in cells. As DHODH is a validated therapeutic target, the CPA will enable unbiased identification of DHODH inhibitors and inhibitors of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis for biological research and drug discovery.
Evidence for Multiple Binding Modes in the Initial Contact Between SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike S1 Protein and Cell Surface Glycans**
Authors: Parafioriti Michela , Ni Minghong , Petitou Maurice , Mycroft‐West Courtney J. , Rudd Timothy R. , Gandhi Neha S. , Ferro Vito , Turnbull Jeremy E. , Lima Marcelo A. , Skidmore Mark A. , Fernig David G. , Yates Edwin A. , Bisio Antonella , Guerrini Marco , Elli Stefano
Published: September 2022

Infection of host cells by SARS‐CoV‐2 begins with recognition by the virus S (spike) protein of cell surface heparan sulfate (HS), tethering the virus to the extracellular matrix environment, and causing the subunit S1‐RBD to undergo a conformational change into the ‘open’ conformation. These two events promote the binding of S1‐RBD to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, a preliminary step toward viral‐cell membrane fusion. Combining ligand‐based NMR spectroscopy with molecular dynamics, oligosaccharide analogues were used to explore the interactions between S1‐RBD of SARS CoV‐2 and HS, revealing several low‐specificity binding modes and previously unidentified potential sites for the binding of extended HS polysaccharide chains. The evidence for multiple binding modes also suggest that highly specific inhibitors will not be optimal against protein S but, rather, diverse HS‐based structures, characterized by high affinity and including multi‐valent compounds, may be required.
Light‐Responsive Oligothiophenes Incorporating Photochromic Torsional Switches
Authors: Jozeliūnaitė Augustina , Rahmanudin Aiman , Gražulis Saulius , Baudat Emilie , Sivula Kevin , Fazzi Daniele , Orentas Edvinas , Sforazzini Giuseppe
Published: September 2022

We present a quaterthiophene and sexithiophene that can reversibly change their effective π‐conjugation length through photoexcitation. The reported compounds make use of light‐responsive molecular actuators consisting of an azobenzene attached to a bithiophene unit by both direct and linker‐assisted bonding. Upon exposure to 350 nm light, the azobenzene undergoes trans‐to‐cis isomerization, thus mechanically inducing the oligothiophene to assume a planar conformation (extended π‐conjugation). Exposure to 254 nm wavelength promotes azobenzene cis‐to‐trans isomerization, forcing the thiophenic backbones to twist out of planarity (confined π‐conjugation). Twisted conformations are also reached by cis‐to‐trans thermal relaxation at a rate that increases proportionally with the conjugation length of the oligothiophene moiety. The molecular conformations of quaterthiophene and sexithiophene were characterized by using steady‐state UV‐vis spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography and quantum‐chemical modeling. Finally, we tested the proposed light‐responsive oligothiophenes in field‐effect transistors to probe the photo‐induced tuning of their electronic properties.
Inhibitory Effect of DMSO on Halohydrin Dehalogenase: Experimental and Computational Insights into the Influence of an Organic Co‐solvent on the Structural and Catalytic Properties of a Biocatalyst
Authors: Milčić Nevena , Stepanić Višnja , Crnolatac Ivo , Findrik Blažević Zvjezdana , Brkljača Zlatko , Majerić Elenkov Maja
Published: September 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are Zlatko Brkljača, Maja Majerić Elenkov and co‐workers at the Ruđer Bošković Institute and University of Zagreb. The image depicts the enzyme halohydrin dehalogenase HheC, which is made up of four identical subunits, with marked catalytic residues and volumetric maps of water and DMSO in the active site. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202201923.
Preparation of nano titanium dioxide coatings by anodic oxidation: beautifully colorful and functional
Authors: Lanfermann Philipp , Weidmann Christoph , Waitz Stefanie , Maaß Mona Christin , Waitz Thomas
Published: September 2022

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine für den Chemieunterricht geeignete elektrochemische Methode zur Herstellung von nano‐ und mikrometerdicken TiO2‐Schichten auf Titanblechen vorgestellt. Durch Variation der Synthesebedingungen lassen sich dabei gezielt verschieden farbig erscheinende kompakte sowie poröse Schichten herstellen. Letztere eignen sich als Photokatalysatoren sowie als Elektrodenmaterial für Natrium‐Ionen‐Akkus, wozu ebenfalls Experimente vorgestellt werden. Neben den Versuchen werden für den Chemieunterricht geeignete Modelle präsentiert, mit denen sich die Ursachen der Farbigkeit durch Interferenz an dünnen Schichten sowie das Wachstum farbiger und poröser TiO2‐Schichten durch Wanderung von Ionen im Festkörper verstehen lassen. Abschließend werden thematische Anknüpfungspunkte der Experimente für den Chemie‐ und für den fächerübergreifenden Unterricht diskutiert.
Data attribute oriented business process effective infrequency behavior mining method
Authors: Li Juan , Fang Xianwen , Guo Xin , Liu Yuzhou , Agordzo George K.
Published: September 2022

The current process mining method takes high‐frequency behavior as the mainstream behavior, and directly filters out the infrequent logs as noise to obtain a concise business process model. However, effective infrequency behaviors that are important to business processes are often data constrained. From a control flow perspective, it is difficult to accurately capture the effective infrequency behavior. A method for mining effective infrequent behaviors based on data attributes is proposed to solve the above problems. First, the important data attributes of target business processes are obtained by feature combination. Then, attribute assignment rules are set according to the needs of the business process to determine whether it has a beneficial impact on the business process. Lastly, it is suggested that a confidence interval be used instead of the traditional threshold to evaluate and mine effective low‐frequency behavior. The experiment results show that compared with other methods, it can significantly improve the fitness of the business process model and can more accurately mine effective infrequency behavior to optimize the business process model.
Use of 5,10‐Disubstituted Dibenzoazaborines and Dibenzophosphaborines as Cyclic Supports of Frustrated Lewis Pairs for the Capture of CO2
Authors: Ferrer Maxime , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero Jose , Oliva‐Enrich Josep M.
Published: September 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Ibon Alkorta′s group at the Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC) and Instituto de Química‐Física Rocasolano (CSIC). The image shows the ability of the 5,10‐Disubstituted Dibenzophosphaborines to capture CO2. Depending on the substituents placed on the Lewis acid and base, the reaction profile of this cyclic Frustrated Lewis Pair changes. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202200204.
Tuning the Carrier Transfer Behavior of Coaxial ZnO/ZnS/ZnIn2S4Nanorods with a Coherent Lattice Heterojunction Structure for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Peng Jing , Liu Guorui , Jiao Xianhui , Xia Hongqiang , Li Jing , Ma Qingxiang , Jin Jun , Li Feng
Published: September 2022

Serious degradation and the short photogenerated carrier lifetime for the wide‐bandgap semiconductor ZnO have become prominent issues that negatively affect photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Herein, a novel electron transport pathway was constructed by simple but effective coaxial growth of ZnO/ZnS/ZnIn2S4heterostructure nanoarrays to increase the carrier separation efficiency. This new photoanode fulfilled the requirements of both favorable band alignment and stability, achieving a stable photocurrent density of 1.146 mA cm−2at 1.2 VRHE, which was approximately twice that of pristine ZnO. Detailed experimental studies revealed that the improved PEC activity was due to the lattice‐matching interface coherency that activated the carrier transport pathway, giving rise to an optimized interfacial electronic structure for promoted charge separation by the built‐in electric field and strengthened water oxidation activity. This design may provide a new approach to fabricating various efficient lattice‐matching coherent interface photoanodes for PEC water splitting.
Across the Board: Rui Cao on Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Cao Rui
Published: September 2022

In this series of articles, the Board Members of ChemSusChem review recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. Rui Cao, who discusses how tuning the second‐sphere environments of Fe porphyrins can improve the activity and selectivity for CO2 reduction. Substituents with proton relay capability, hydrogen‐bonding, and electrostatic features have significant impact on the efficiency of Fe porphyrins for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction
Signal in the noise: Dimensions of predictability in the home auditory environment are associated with neurobehavioral measures of early infant sustained attention
Authors: Werchan Denise M. , Brandes‐Aitken Annie , Brito Natalie H.
Published: September 2022

The home auditory environment influences the development of early language abilities, and excessive noise exposure is increasingly linked with deficits in language and reading scores in children. However, fewer studies have considered the role of noise exposure in shaping the development of attentional processing in early infancy, a foundational neurocognitive skill relevant for learning. Here, we used passive at‐home auditory recording to investigate how multiple dimensions of infants’ home auditory environments, including both the quantity and the predictability of auditory input, impacts neural and behavioral measures of sustained attention in a sociodemographically diverse sample of 3‐month‐old infants (N = 98 infants, 62 males; age M = 3.48 months, SD = 0.39; 52% Hispanic/Latino). Results indicated that infants who were exposed to more predictable patterns of auditory input in the home demonstrated longer overall time in sustained attention during laboratory assessments. In addition, infants’ who experienced more predictable auditory input also demonstrated greater relative increases in electroencephalography frontal theta power during periods of sustained attention, a neural marker relevant to information processing and attentional control. These findings provide novel evidence into the importance of the predictability of early environmental inputs in shaping developing cortical circuitry and attentional systems from the first months of postnatal life.
The physiology of maternal sensitivity to distress: An exploratory study of mothers’ electrocortical and sympathetic nervous system reactivity
Authors: Frost Allison , Kuzava Sierra , Bernard Kristin
Published: September 2022

Maternal sensitivity in response to infant distress is related to a number of physiological processes, including electrocortical activity and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Several studies have examined these systems in isolation, but limited work to date has investigated how they may moderate one another in relation to maternal behavior. The current exploratory study aimed to investigate the interactive effect of the late positive potential (LPP) and skin conductance level (SCL) on observed maternal sensitivity to distress. Ninety‐five mothers of 6‐ to 12‐month‐old infants participated in two reactivity tasks measuring their LPP and SCL responses to child crying stimuli. Maternal sensitivity to distress was coded from video‐recorded mother–infant interactions. Results showed a significant interaction effect, such that LPP reactivity to infant crying was positively related to maternal sensitivity to distress among mothers with relatively low SCL reactivity. The findings highlight the importance of examining multiple systems when characterizing the physiological basis of maternal behavior.
The history of natural history and race: Decolonizing human dimensions of ecology
Authors: Miriti Maria N. , Rawson Ariel J. , Mansfield Becky
Published: September 2022

Natural history, loosely defined as the observational study of organisms in the habitats where they occur, is recognized at the roots of ecology. Although the centrality of natural history in ecology has shifted over time, natural history is currently in resurgence: many again consider it to be the foundation of ecological and evolutionary inquiry and advocate the value of organism‐centered approaches to address contemporary ecological challenges. Educators identify natural history as the foundational entryway into the practice of ecology, for example in the Ecological Society of America's Four‐Dimensional Ecology Education (4DEE) framework. A strong natural history foundation can help generate testable hypotheses to refine mechanistic understanding of the drivers regulating species distributions and abundances and to inform restoration and conservation efforts. Given the resurgence of natural history as the foundation for ecological knowledge and practice, it is important to recognize that natural history has a long history of racism that has impacted ecological thought and priorities. This history shapes not only who conducts ecological science but also foundational ecological concepts. For example, natural history's emphasis on pristine nature untouched by humans disregards or appropriates stewardship and knowledge of most of the world's population. Because of the legacy of chattel slavery, this exclusion is particularly strong for people of African descent. This exclusion narrows ecological inquiry, limits the capacity to find solutions to ecological problems, and risks interventions that perpetuate the relation between eugenics, ecological knowledge, and natural systems. If ecology is to become an inclusive, responsive, and resilient discipline, this knowledge gap must be addressed. We here present the colonial and racist underpinnings of natural history and offer strategies to expand inclusion in the study of nature. Natural history was steeped in racism, providing a hierarchy of cultures and a taxonomy of races. Complementing growing interest in traditional and Indigenous ecological knowledge, we focus on Black ecological knowledge, for example in the study of “maroon ecologies.” Addressing the racist history of natural history is necessary for removing structural and racist barriers to diverse participation and expanding ecological knowledge bases in service of better and more just science.
Redefining American conservation for equitable and inclusive social‐environmental management
Authors: Morales Nia , Lee Jordan , Newberry Milton , Bailey Karen
Published: September 2022

Efforts to recruit, retain, and include Blacks, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) in environmental fields often fall short, in part due to limited conceptualizations of conservation and environment. At the core of this is the North American Model for Wildlife Conservation, an important approach to conservation and wildlife management that has influenced conservation globally. This model, however, is based upon a specific subset of worldviews, driven by Western and Eurocentric constructions of wilderness and nature. This model creates a narrow view of human–environment relationships and erases cultures and communities that explicitly view themselves as part of nature. We review the seven tenets of the North American Model for Wildlife Conservation, highlighting their limitations and exclusion of other models of environmental and natural resource management and alternative relationships with nature. In order to support long‐term environmental engagement and culturally responsive research, 21st century environmental practitioners should shift our thinking around conservation to center counter narratives of BIPOC communities, scientists, and professionals as part of and meaningfully connected to nature. We argue that relying solely on the historically dominant language and ideologies at the core of the North American Model perpetuates disparities in environmental engagement and limits retention of BIPOC in environmental fields. We further highlight how shifts in understanding conservation and relationships to nature enables us to re‐frame our work to support equitable, inclusive, and just conservation science and practice.
Environmental DNA reveals anadromous river herring habitat use and recolonization after restoration of aquatic connectivity
Authors: Ogburn Matthew B. , Plough Louis V. , Bangley Charles W. , Fitzgerald Catherine L. , Hannam Michael P. , Lee Benjamin , Marafino Gabriella , Richie Kimberly D. , Williams Meghan R. , Weller Donald E.
Published: September 2022

Restoring and sustaining anadromous fish populations is a grand challenge in the conservation of freshwater ecosystems. Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis are two closely related anadromous fish for which responses to fish passage restoration are poorly known. We used a targeted environmental DNA method to sample 17 major tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay, USA, to determine the spatial extent of habitat use during the spawning season and the associations of habitat use with watershed characteristics. To help understand responses to restoration of fish passage, the study included portions of eight watersheds where dam removals, fish ladders, or dam failures provided access to habitats that were previously inaccessible to anadromous fish. Overall, 27.5% of samples showed positive detections for river herring, including at least one sample in 16 of 17 tributaries sampled. The presence of both species combined was negatively associated with elevation (relative influence [RI] = 29.8%) and positively associated with a watershed area (RI = 14.5%) and percent cropland (13.6%) of the watershed. In species‐specific analyses, both Alewife (RI = 24.8%) and Blueback Herring (26.2%) presence was negatively associated with elevation, Alewife were more common in watersheds with high percentages of cropland (RI = 19.1%), whereas Blueback Herring were more common in streams with large watersheds (23.2%). The use of formerly blocked spawning habitats was generally greater upstream of sites where dams were removed (2%–100% of habitat used) compared with sites where fish ladders were installed (0%–66.8% of habitat used). The broad‐scale sampling enabled by eDNA methods made it possible to identify habitat use patterns that can be applied to prioritize future restoration efforts and predict species‐specific responses.