bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘You've come to children that are in care and given us the opportunity to get our voices heard': The journey of looked after children and researchers in developing a Patient and Public Involvement group
Authors: Alderson Hayley , Brown Rebecca , Smart Debbie , Lingam Raghu , Dovey‐Pearce Gail
Published: May 2019

Background

Looked after children and care leavers (denoted as LAC) are often described as a ‘hard to reach' group of young people, and their voices are rarely sought to inform academic research.

Methods

This paper reports on experiences and reflections of a group of children and young people and academic researchers who developed a Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) group that was set up in the context of an ongoing health service intervention trial with LAC.

Setting and participants

Eighteen qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven LAC, the participation officer within a North East Children in Care Council and the four researchers involved in developing and facilitating the PPI group. PPI sessions (n = 9) each approximately 1 hour in length were conducted over an 18‐month period.

Analysis

The qualitative interviews were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, and direct quotes are used within the paper.

Main outcomes

The LAC used the PPI group to produce a 5‐minute video to highlight why they think young people should be involved in research. Overall findings suggested that it was feasible to develop a research‐related PPI group with LAC. Findings from the research were used to co‐develop ‘top tips' of working with vulnerable young people such as looked after children.

Conclusion

This paper has shown that PPI with LAC can be done if a co‐production approach to research is taken. It also suggests that assumptions regarding the capabilities of young people as researchers need to be re‐evaluated.
Comparison of the predictive value among inflammation‐based scoring systems for bleomycin pulmonary toxicity in patients with germ cell tumors
Authors: Maruyama Yuki , Sadahira Takuya , Araki Motoo , Mitsui Yosuke , Wada Koichiro , Edamura Kohei , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Watanabe Masami , Watanabe Toyohiko , Nasu Yasutomo
Published: May 2019

Objective

To compare the predictive value of pretreatment inflammation‐based scoring systems in patients with germ cell tumors receiving first‐line bleomycin‐based chemotherapy.

Methods

Retrospectively, we evaluated 57 patients with germ cell tumors. Bleomycin pulmonary toxicity was defined as the presence of asymptomatic decline in pulmonary function tests, pulmonary symptoms or interstitial pneumonia on computed tomography in the absence of infection. The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune‐inflammation index, albumin‐to‐globulin ratio, Prognostic Nutritional Index, Glasgow Prognostic Score and C‐reactive protein were measured in all patients. To assess the predictive ability of each scoring system, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated, and multivariate analysis was carried out to identify the predictive scores associated with bleomycin pulmonary toxicity.

Results

Of the 57 patients, 15 patients developed bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio had the highest area under the curve value (0.763) of all inflammation‐based scoring systems, followed by the Prognostic Nutritional Index (0.749). In multivariate analysis, the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (odds ratio 11.5; P = 0.009) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (odds ratio 9.07; P = 0.013) were independently associated with development of bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. As these two independent markers were combined, the area under the curve achieved the highest value (0.822).

Conclusions

The present study shows that the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and Prognostic Nutritional Index are independent risk factors for development of bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. The combination of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and Prognostic Nutritional Index seems to have superior predictive value compared with other inflammation‐based scoring systems.
Deliberate storytelling in big data analytics adoption
Authors: Boldosova Valeriia
Published: May 2019

The emergence of big data analytics (BDA) has posed opportunities as well as multiple challenges to business practitioners, who have called for research on the behavioural factors underlying BDA adoption at the individual level. The purpose of this study is to extend the information systems (IS) research on storytelling and to explore the role and characteristics of deliberate storytelling in individual‐level BDA adoption. This case study used the grounded theory approach to extract qualitative data from 24 interviews, field notes, and documentary data. The explicit contributions of the study to the literature include (a) increasing our understanding of the facilitating role of deliberate storytelling in individual‐level BDA adoption, (b) identifying four deliberate storytelling patterns and seven underlying corporate stories disseminated by organizations to influence individual behaviour, and (c) defining the core characteristics of effective deliberate storytelling. This study has multiple implications for business practitioners and demonstrates how deliberate storytelling can be used as a facilitating mechanism in daily business practice.
Preparation and optical properties of samaria‐doped yttria‐stabilized zirconia single crystals
Authors: Tan Xiaojun , Xu Shoulei , Wang Xiangyu , Liu Fenhong , Goodman Bernard A. , Xiong Dingkang , Deng Wen
Published: May 2019

Single crystals of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) doped with various concentrations of Sm2O3 were synthesized by the optical floating zone method, and their structure and spectroscopic properties characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorption, and luminescence measurements. XRD showed that the cubic phase of ZrO2 was stabilized by addition of Y2O3 and a series of absorption peaks characteristic of Sm3+ was detected by UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy. Three phenomenological J‐O oscillator strength parameters Ωt (t = 2, 4, 6) were calculated to evaluate the local structure and bonding in the vicinity of the Sm3+ for the 0.75 mol% Sm2O3: YSZ sample. These were in order of Ω2 < Ω4 < Ω6 with values of Ω2 = 5.46 × 10−20 cm2, Ω4 = 10.70 × 10−20 cm2, and Ω6 = 12.67 × 10−20 cm2, and indicate a relatively high symmetry and low covalent character for the Sm‐O bond at the Sm3+ sites in the YSZ matrix. Photoluminescence spectra recorded under an excitation of 404 nm showed four emission bands centered at 571 nm, 621 nm, 652 nm, and 716 nm corresponding to the transitions 4G5/2→6Hj (j = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2, 11/2). The transition probability, lifetime, and branching ratio obtained from the emission spectrum of the 0.75 mol% Sm2O3: YSZ crystal showed that YSZ is a potential host for Sm3+ to achieve a reddish‐orange laser output, and the Sm3+‐modified YSZ crystals have a possible use in reddish‐orange laser and lighting devices.
Art as Activism #stateoftheart: The Art Teachers Association of Ireland's campaign towards reform of the Leaving Certificate Art Curriculum
Authors: Keogh Aoife
Published: May 2019

The Art Teachers Association of Ireland's (ATAI), #stateoftheart campaign worked to persuade Irish policymakers to develop a new curriculum for Leaving Certificate art, reforming the long‐outdated 1972 curriculum. Students across the country designed over 3,000 postcards for the Minister for Education and an online petition was signed by 2,500 people. Students and teachers took to the corridors of schools and the streets of their towns to highlight the power of the arts and call for reform. Recently it was announced that a Senior Cycle development group under the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment would be created to address full reform of Leaving Certificate Art. This article will examine the context and rationale for the #stateoftheart campaign drawing on the images and voices of students and teachers.
Element‐and‐Principles Instruction, Perceptual Drawing and Paul Klee's Pedagogical Sketchbook
Authors: Howell Joyce Bernstein
Published: May 2019

This study examines the key concepts of elements‐and‐principles art instruction, as defined in the publications by Vorkurs (preliminary course) instructors at the Bauhaus. Elements‐and‐principles instruction was for decades central to formalist art training, and continues to play a role, albeit limited, today. Preceding accounts of the elements‐and‐principles have not considered contextual matters worthy of attention, specifically, two other instructional frameworks. One is perceptual drawing that dominated in Western art culture before the inception of the elements‐and‐principles approach. The second is the instructional model Paul Klee proposed in his well‐known but under‐examined instructional publication of 1925, Pedagogical Sketchbook. With regard to the latter, scholars have failed to undertake detailed analysis that would explain Klee's instructional model and, in particular, its central (and idiosyncratic) concept of ‘trichotomy’. Trichotomy is a structure rather than a formal element, providing visual equivalents for extra‐visual events. The peculiarity of trichotomy and related concepts in Pedagogical Sketchbook has kept the publication a faint presence in elements‐and‐principles instruction and in related scholarly inquiry. With a more precise presentation of Klee's pedagogical focus, this study distinguishes heretofore overlooked dissimilarities between the Pedagogical Sketchbook model and elements‐and‐principles approach, and enables recognition of affinities between Klee's model and current conversations about embodiment pedagogies in visual arts education.
Incidental detection of single coil right ventricular lead perforation during aortic valve surgery
Authors: Herrmann Florian E. M. , Juchem Gerd , Hagl Christian , Schramm René , Sadoni Sebastian
Published: May 2019

It is unknown how many pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) leads perforate during lead placement. Symptoms of a perforated lead include shortness of breath and chest pain. Signs of perforation can include a high pacing threshold, reduced lead sensing, and a high lead impedance. We present the case of a patient where perforation of the single coil right ventricular lead was not evident in imaging but incidentally detected during operative aortic valve replacement. The lead perforation rate during device implantation is around 1%—ICD leads have a higher perforation rate.
Augmented intelligence decision tool for stroke prediction combines factors from CHA2DS2‐VASc and the intermountain risk score for patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Horne Benjamin D. , Jacobs Victoria , May Heidi T. , Graves Kevin G. , Bunch T. Jared
Published: May 2019

Introduction

CHA2DS2‐VASc and CHADS2 are computationally simple risk prediction tools used to guide anticoagulation decisions for stroke prophylaxis, but they have modest risk discrimination ability and use static dichotomous variables. The Intermountain Mortality Risk Scores (IMRS) are dynamic decision tools using standard clinical laboratory tests. This study derived new stroke prediction scores using variables from both CHA2DS2‐VASc and IMRS.

Methods and Results

In outpatients with first atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosis at the Intermountain Healthcare (females, n = 26 063 males, n = 29 807), sex‐specific “IMRS‐VASc” scores were derived using variables from CHA2DS2‐VASc, warfarin use, the complete blood count, and the comprehensive metabolic profile. Validation was performed in an independent Intermountain outpatient AF cohort (females, n = 11 021; males, n = 12 641). Stroke occurred among 3.1% and 3.1% of females and 2.3% and 2.5% of males in derivation and validation groups, respectively. IMRS‐VASc stratified stroke with similar ability in derivation (c‐statistics, females: c = 0.703, males: c = 0.697) and validation groups (females: c = 0.681, males: c = 0.685). CHA2DS2‐VASc (females: c = 0.581 and c = 0.605; males: c = 0.616 and c = 0.613 in derivation and validation, respectively) and CHADS2 (females: c = 0.581 and c = 0.608; males: c = 0.620 and c = 0.621 in derivation and validation, respectively) were substantially weaker stroke predictors. IMRS was the strongest mortality predictor (females: c = 0.783 and c = 0.782; males: c = 0.796 and c = 0.794 in derivation and validation, respectively) and all scores were poor at predicting bleeding risk.

Conclusions

A temporally dynamic risk score, IMRS‐VASc was derived and validated as a predictor of stroke in outpatients with AF. IMRS‐VASc requires further validation and the evaluation of its use in guiding care and treatment decisions for patients with AF.
Long‐term impact of powered toothbrush on oral health: 11‐year cohort study
Authors: Pitchika Vinay , Pink Christiane , Völzke Henry , Welk Alexander , Kocher Thomas , Holtfreter Birte
Published: May 2019

Aims

This study aimed to assess 11‐year longitudinal effects of powered toothbrush on periodontal health, caries and tooth loss in an adult population.

Materials and Methods

Participants of Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) cohort with dental examinations and interview data at SHIP‐1, SHIP‐2 or SHIP‐3 examinations were included. Mixed‐effects linear regression models were constructed between the exposure (manual versus powered toothbrush) and outcome variables (periodontal status using mean probing depth (PD) and mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), caries status using DMFS and DFS scores, and tooth loss), adjusting for potential baseline covariates.

Results

Final baseline (SHIP‐1) study sample comprised of 2,819 participants. Powered toothbrush users increased from 18.3% (SHIP‐1) to 36.9% (SHIP‐3); were younger; had significantly less mean PD [β: −0.09 (95% CI: −0.16; −0.02)] and mean CAL [β: −0.19 (95% CI: −0.32; −0.07)] progressions; and had 17.7% less DMFS progression and 19.5% more teeth retained than the manual toothbrushers.

Conclusions

In the long‐term, powered toothbrush seems to be effective in reducing mean PD and mean CAL progressions, besides increasing the number of teeth retained.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of health care workers towards antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial stewardship programmes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Firouzabadi Dena , Mahmoudi Laleh
Published: May 2019

Rationale and Aims

Antibiotic development was a major breakthrough in defeating infections; however, their vast use has led to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causing mortality, morbidity, and financial burden worldwide. Considering the limited introduction of newer antimicrobials to overcome resistance patterns, sufficient knowledge of their use can help manage this issue. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) with the mainstay of education can be a good resolution. The aim of this study was to seek aspects in which knowledge regarding antibiotics is lacking at our institutions.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional study performed in Shiraz, South of Iran, was designed as a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) study. A self‐administered questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was designed and handed out to health care workers including infectious disease practitioners, surgeons, internal medicine specialists and residents, general practitioners, medical students, and microbiology lab technicians and PhD graduates. Difference in response to questions was evaluated between the practitioner and nonpractitioner groups.

Results

Completed questionnaires were collected (n = 126). According to the results, most participants (88.1%) agreed on establishment of local guidelines. Majority (94.4%) also believed that education regarding antibiotics can help reduce AMR. Good patient care was not believed to be impaired by limiting use of antibiotics (72.2%). A significant difference in the practitioner and nonpractitioner groups' practice score was observed.

Conclusion

In our study, knowledge deficit was observed in some aspects of AMR. We can conclude that more practice and education are needed in ASP for the better performance in reducing resistant patterns.
Accuracy of clinical coding of pleural empyema: A validation study
Authors: Hamilton Fergus , Arnold David
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Routinely recorded coding data are increasingly being used for clinical research, but the quality of that data is often variable. The clinical coding of pleural empyema has not been studied. If data are not accurately recorded, linking coding data through, for example, Hospital Episode Statistic data (HES), will lead to inappropriate conclusions.

Methods

We extracted the coding data for a year from three hospitals in the Southwest of England, UK: One large district general hospital, one tertiary pleural referral centre, and one thoracic surgical centre. We verified and validated this coding to ensure its accuracy. To assess the sensitivity of coding, we then verified the coded cases against a cohort of proven empyema patients from a recent observational study.

Results

One hundred eighty‐two patients with a coded diagnosis of pleural empyema were extracted. In 158 of these patients, the diagnosis was correct clinically, with a positive predictive value of 86%. In the cohort of 25 patients with a known clinical diagnosis of empyema, 18 were coded as empyema, a sensitivity of 72%. There was no significant difference in coding between hospitals.

Conclusion

In the centres studied, empyema coding was generally good (>85% accuracy), although some cases were miscoded. Using codes for elective admissions helped to differentiate post‐operative from community acquired empyema. It is likely empyema is under rather than over‐recorded in HES data.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A risk factor for progression of liver fibrosis in middle‐aged patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Toyoda Hidenori , Sone Yasuhiro , Yasuda Satoshi , Miyake Nozomi , Kumada Takashi , Tanaka Junko
Published: May 2019

Background and Aim

The severity of liver fibrosis is strongly associated with prognosis in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We evaluated clinical risk factors for progression of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.

Methods

This study included 1562 middle‐aged (36–64 years) patients with NAFLD and less severe liver fibrosis (fibrosis‐4 index < 1.3).

Results

During follow‐up, 186 patients progressed to advanced fibrosis (fibrosis‐4 index > 2.67). The 3‐, 5‐, 7‐, and 10‐year cumulative incidence of progression to advanced fibrosis was 4.4%, 6.7%, 11.0%, and 16.7%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, age, albumin concentration, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were significantly associated with progression to advanced fibrosis. Multivariate analysis with adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, dyslipidemia, T2DM, and steatosis showed that age ≥ 50 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.121; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.462–3.076; P < 0.001), albumin concentration < 4.2 g/dL (HR, 1.802; 95% CI, 1.285–2.528; P < 0.001), and the presence of T2DM (HR, 1.879; 95% CI, 1.401–2.520; P < 0.001) were independently associated with progression to advanced fibrosis. Conversely, degree of steatosis was not associated with progression to advanced fibrosis. The respective 3‐, 5‐, 7‐, and 10‐year cumulative incidence of progression to advanced fibrosis was 3.6%, 5.0%, 8.2%, and 12.9% in patients without T2DM (n = 1077) and 6.1%, 10.4%, 16.7%, and 24.0% in patients with T2DM (n = 485) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with progression to advanced liver fibrosis in middle‐aged NAFLD patients, even those with less severe liver fibrosis.
Comparisons between Oral Anticoagulants among Older Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Authors: Deitelzweig Steven , Keshishian Allison , Li Xiaoyan , Kang Amiee , Dhamane Amol D. , Luo Xuemei , Balachander Neeraja , Rosenblatt Lisa , Mardekian Jack , Pan Xianying , Nadkarni Anagha , Di Fusco Manuela , Garcia Reeves Alessandra B. , Yuce Huseyin , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES

Older adult patients are underrepresented in clinical trials comparing non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and warfarin. This subgroup analysis of the ARISTOPHANES study used multiple data sources to compare the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (SE) and major bleeding (MB) among very old patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) prescribed NOACs or warfarin.

DESIGN

Retrospective observational study.

SETTING

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and three US commercial claims databases.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 88 582 very old (aged ≥80 y) NVAF patients newly initiating apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin from January 1, 2013, to September 30, 2015.

MEASUREMENTS

In each database, six 1:1 propensity score matched (PSM) cohorts were created for each drug comparison. Patient cohorts were pooled from all four databases after PSM. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of stroke/SE and MB.

RESULTS

The patients in the six matched cohorts had a mean follow‐up time of 7 to 9 months. Compared with warfarin, apixaban (HR = .58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .49‐.69), dabigatran (HR = .77; 95% CI = .60‐.99), and rivaroxaban (HR = .74; 95% CI = .65‐.85) were associated with lower risks of stroke/SE. For MB, apixaban (HR = .60; 95% CI = .54‐.67) was associated with a lower risk; dabigatran (HR = .92; 95% CI = .78‐1.07) was associated with a similar risk, and rivaroxaban (HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.07‐1.24) was associated with a higher risk compared with warfarin. Apixaban was associated with a lower risk of stroke/SE and MB compared with dabigatran (stroke/SE: HR = .65; 95% CI = .47‐.89; MB: HR = .60; 95% CI = .49‐.73) and rivaroxaban (stroke/SE: HR = .72; 95% CI = .59‐.86; MB: HR = .50; 95% CI = .45‐.55). Dabigatran was associated with a lower risk of MB (HR = .77; 95% CI = .67‐.90) compared with rivaroxaban.

CONCLUSION

Among very old NVAF patients, NOACs were associated with lower rates of stroke/SE and varying rates of MB compared with warfarin. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1662–1671, 2019
Safe and Effective Anticoagulation: What Does Drug Concentration Add?
Authors: Alexander Karen P. , Alexander John H.
Published: May 2019

This editorial comments on the article by Sukumar et al.
Petrochronology of oxidized granulites from southern Peru
Authors: Yakymchuk Chris , Rehm Adrian , Liao Zhuoheng , Cottle John M.
Published: May 2019

Sapphirine–quartz granulites from the Cocachacra region of the Arequipa Massif in southern Peru record early Neoproterozoic ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism. Phase equilibrium modelling and zircon petrochronology are used to quantify timing and pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions of metamorphism. Modelling of three magnetite‐bearing sapphirine–quartz samples indicates peak temperatures of >950°C at ~0.7 GPa and a clockwise P–T evolution. Elevated concentrations of Al in orthopyroxene are also consistent with ultrahigh‐temperature conditions. Neoblastic zircon records ages of c. 1.0–0.9 Ga that are interpreted to record protracted ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism. Th/U ratios of zircon of up to 100 reflect U‐depleted whole‐rock compositions. Concentrations of heavy rare earth elements in zircon do not show systematic trends with U–Pb age but do correlate with variable whole‐rock compositions. Very large positive Ce anomalies in zircon from two samples probably relate to strongly oxidizing conditions during neoblastic zircon crystallization. Low concentrations of Ti‐in‐zircon (<10 ppm) are interpreted to result from reduced titania activities due to the strongly oxidized nature of the granulites and the sequestration of titanium‐rich minerals away from the reaction volume. Whole‐rock compositions and oxidation state have a strong influence on the trace element composition of metamorphic zircon, which has implications for interpreting the geological significance of ages retrieved from zircon in oxidized metamorphic rocks.
S-nitrosoglutathione protects lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4–nuclear factor-κB signal pathway
Authors: Fan Heng , Zhao Yu , Zhu Jian-Hua
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of S-nitrosoglutathione (SNG) on acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods

We established an AKI model by intraperitoneal administration of LPS in mice and LPS-induced human kidney (HK-2) cells in vitro. We obtained the kidney tissues from mice for histopathological examination, examined inflammatory cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and measured the expression levels of toll-like receptor 4–nuclear factor-κB (TLR4–NF-κB) signal pathway-related proteins by Western blotting.

Key findings

Pretreatment of SNG effectively improved the kidney function, reduced the pathological damage score of kidney in mice and decreased the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, pretreatment of SNG also repressed TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB IκBα, IKKβ and p65 expression levels in HK-2 cells induced by LPS.

Conclusions

S-nitrosoglutathione attenuates the severity of LPS-induced AKI by inhibiting the TLR4–NF-κB signalling pathway and may act as a protective agent for septic AKI.
Discovery of the extracytoplasmic function σ factors
Authors: Lonetto Michael A. , Donohue Timothy J. , Gross Carol A. , Buttner Mark J.
Published: May 2019

This special issue of Molecular Microbiology marks the 25th anniversary of the discovery of the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors, proteins that subsequently emerged as the largest group of alternative σ factors and one of the three major pillars of signal transduction in bacteria, alongside one‐ and two‐component systems. A single bacterial genome can encode > 100 ECF σ factors, and combined with their cognate anti‐σ factors, they represent a modular design that primarily functions in transmembrane signal transduction. Here, we first describe the immediate events that led to the 1994 publication in the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences USA, and then set them in the broader context of key events in the history of σ biology research.
Beyond the A‐layer: adsorption of lipopolysaccharides and characterization of bacteriophage‐insensitive mutants of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida
Authors: Paquet Valérie E. , Vincent Antony T. , Moineau Sylvain , Charette Steve J.
Published: May 2019

Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a fish pathogen that causes furunculosis. Antibiotherapy used to treat furunculosis in fish has led to resistance. Virulent phages are increasingly seen as alternatives or complementary treatments against furunculosis in aquaculture environments. For phage therapy to be successful, it is essential to study the natural mechanisms of phage resistance in A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Here, we generated bacteriophage‐insensitive mutants (BIMs) of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, using a myophage with broad host range and characterized them. Phage plaques were different depending on whether the A‐layer surface array protein was expressed or not. The genome analysis of the BIMs helped to identify mutations in genes involved in the biogenesis of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and on an uncharacterized gene (ASA_1998). The characterization of the LPS profile and gene complementation assays identified LPS as a phage receptor and confirmed the involvement of the uncharacterized protein ASA_1998 in phage infection. In addition, we confirmed that the presence of an A‐layer at the bacterial surface could act as protection against phages. This study brings new elements into our understanding of the phage adsorption to A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida cells.
A complete genome sequence for Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi PP1 highlights the importance of multiple modes of horizontal gene transfer during phytopathogen evolution
Authors: Baltrus David A. , Clark Meara
Published: May 2019

Hybrid assembly strategies that combine long‐read sequencing reads from Oxford Nanopore's MinION device combined with high‐depth Illumina paired‐end reads have enabled completion and circularization of both plasmids and chromosomes from multiple bacterial strains. Here we demonstrate the utility of supplementing Illumina paired‐end reads from a previously published draft genome of P. syringae pv. pisi PP1 with long reads to generate a complete genome sequence for this strain. The phylogenetic placement and genomic repertoire of virulence factors within this strain provides a unique perspective on virulence evolution within P. syringae phylogroup 2, and highlights that strains can rapidly acquire virulence factors through horizontal gene transfer by acquisition of plasmids as well as through chromosomal recombination.
One step forward? Advances and setbacks on the path toward gender equality in families and work
Authors: Thébaud Sarah , Halcomb Laura
Published: May 2019

Men and women increasingly express egalitarian preferences for organizing family life, but workplace norms and practices are still based on relatively traditional assumptions about the gender division of labor in families. In this article, we unpack this discordant feature of the cultural landscape with recent sociological research on gender, work, and family. We begin by discussing the growing body of evidence on preferences for gender–egalitarian relationships and specify how these egalitarian desires are incongruous with workplace norms and practices. Such a mismatch between desires and reality tends to produce negative personal and career outcomes, including work–family conflict, stress, and job and marital dissatisfaction. Then, we offer a critical review of the recent actions taken by some employers and policymakers to address this issue. We observe some progressive changes in both the public and private sector in regard to family leave policies, flexible work arrangements, childcare support, and fertility benefits, but these policy initiatives still fall short of supporting gender–egalitarian arrangements for working families. We conclude with a discussion of how researchers could better evaluate and increase the effectiveness of workplace initiatives.
Synthetic osteochondral resurfacing for treatment of large caudocentral osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the humeral head in 24 dogs
Authors: Murphy Susan C. , Egan Padraig M. , Fitzpatrick Noel M.
Published: May 2019

Objective

To report the outcome of dogs with large, caudocentral, osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the humeral head treated with synthetic osteochondral resurfacing (SOR) implants.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

Twenty‐four client‐owned large breed or giant dogs.

Methods

The medical records of all dogs treated with first generation (G1) and second generation (G2) SOR implants were reviewed. All dogs were assessed with clinical examination and imaging 12 weeks after surgery. Assessment of outcome was based on subjective assessment of lameness, scoring of postoperative radiographs, and the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) questionnaire.

Results

Osteochondral resurfacing was performed with a G1 implant in 13 dogs (15 shoulders) and a G2 implant in 11 dogs (13 shoulders). Lameness resolved in all dogs treated with G1 implants and in 10 dogs treated with G2 implants by 12 weeks after surgery. One dog treated with a G2 implant was found to have an implant‐associated infection, requiring implant removal. No recurrence of lameness was reported in 9 limbs treated with G1 implants and 10 limbs treated with G2 implants that were available for clinical review at a median time of 387 and 365 days, respectively, after surgery. Mean postoperative LOAD scores were 4.2 of 52 and 5.2 of 52 in dogs treated with a G1 or a G2 implant, respectively.

Conclusion

Synthetic resurfacing was technically feasible in all joints of this study and resulted in good clinical results.

Clinical significance

The use of SOR implants seems viable to treat large caudocentral OCD lesions of the humeral head in dogs and warrants prospective comparison with conventional arthroscopic treatment.
Curar el pasado: teoría, curaduría y diálogo en una muestra de arte indígena contemporáneo del Gran Chaco Gualamba
Authors: Cantero Emanuel
Published: May 2019

El siguiente artículo es una respuesta a la exposición de arte indígena contemporáneo Gran Chaco Gualamba. Arte, Cosmovisión, Soberanía (Chaco, Argentina; Julio de 2013). Sin desviarse de los propios objetivos de la muestra, problematiza la práctica curatorial como una forma de ver y mostrar a la producción artística de las poblaciones originarias como artefactos significantes íntimamente enlazados con sus formas de vida comunitaria -y no meramente obras de arte autónomas y asépticas de toda función social-. Contrastando las definiciones del equipo de curadoras, el corpus de obras expuestas y el discurso de pobladores originarios, se muestra que este intento por recuperar el nexo orgánico entre arte, cosmovisiones y vida en comunidad resulta trunco, dado que los propios pobladores originarios consideran esta vinculación como una circunstancia históricamente pretérita, previa a los procesos de colonización. Recuperando las luchas presentes de las comunidades, que a falta de ese pasado armonioso plantean su identidad como resistencia necesaria para un futuro distinto – mejor-.
Cultura visual y guerras civiles. Continuidades y contradicciones nacionales, Colombia 1871-1885
Authors: Rodríguez Vargas Hernán
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo se ocupa de la triple relación entre cultura visual, guerras civiles y proyecto nación en el periodo comprendido entre 1871 y 1885 del siglo XIX colombiano, en clave de lo que implica una cierta circulación de objetos y modos de representación visual comunes tanto en Europa como en América. Metodológicamente, a través del trabajo de archivo se analiza la cultura visual en medio de los grandes conflictos civiles y los proyectos de nación. En esta línea, la producción de imágenes que tuvo lugar en este tiempo revela: 1) una cierta lógica de la promoción nacional que hace visibles sus contradicciones; 2) la formación de una cultura visual que se lee en clave internacional, y, 3) el imaginario del tiempo nacional en el que se imposta un futuro desde un pasado común, al tiempo que este mismo se pone en cuestión por las diferencias que comportan los distintos conflictos civiles.
La mentira en política: entre la manipulación de los hechos y la pregunta por quién habla ahí
Authors: Zárate Cotrino Andrea Catalina
Published: May 2019

En este trabajo partiremos de los planteamientos que Hannah Arendt desarrolla en “Verdad y política” sobre el empleo de la mentira en el espacio público-político. Sirviéndonos de la revisión crítica de Jacques Derrida en su conferencia Historia de la mentira: Prolegómenos sobre lo planteado por la filósofa, nos acercaremos a otras preguntas de mayor tenor, a saber, qué permite afirmar que en política una mentira es eficaz y en qué consiste esa eficacia. Desde allí, veremos que en este ámbito de lo social la mentira no se limita, como afirma Arendt y la tradición en la que ella se inscribe, a la intencionalidad del mensaje proferido o al autoengaño (idea psicológica de la mentira), sino más bien implica que lo allí dicho, en tanto enunciado realizativo, produce “efectos de verdad”. Sin embargo, así como no todo enunciado realizativo es mendaz, veremos en qué sentido la eficacia de la mentira política se relaciona profundamente con quién agencia ese decir.
Trayectorias del relativismo moderno y su ontología política: entre la posverdad y la hiperverdad
Authors: Manrique Ospina Carlos Andrés
Published: May 2019

Este artículo problematiza el difundido diagnóstico sobre la relación entre política y verdad, o política y mentira, que se moviliza con el vocablo posverdad. Primero, se cuestiona la presunta novedad histórica que este pretende identificar, recordando cómo la filosofía política en Occidente ha estado atravesada por una ansiedad frente a la fuerza amenazante de un discurso huérfano y errante que circula sin conciencia y sin referente. Segundo, se indican las limitaciones del reproche en relación con la retirada de la razón y la veracidad de la política, y su falla en atender a cómo, desplazándonos del campo de la política electoral al de la técnica gubernamental, opera hoy una producción de la verdad de lo social en un discurso tecnocientífico hegemónico. Tercero, se muestra que hay una coherencia estructural entre la técnica gubernamental de la hiperverdad y el inescrupoloso interés estratégico en la realpolitik de la política electoral, coherencia anclada en las premisas ontológicas y epistémicas de la concepción moderna de lo político. Finalmente, se destaca la potencia crítica que ante este panorama nos ofrece aún el legado del posestructuralismo.
Random Fiber Networks With Superior Properties Through Network Topology Control
Authors: Deogekar S. , Yan Z. , Picu R. C.
Published: May 2019

In this work, we study the effect of network architecture on the nonlinear elastic behavior and strength of athermal random fiber networks of cellular type. We introduce a topology modification of Poisson–Voronoi (PV) networks with convex cells, leading to networks with stochastic nonconvex cells. Geometric measures are developed to characterize this new class of nonconvex Voronoi (NCV) networks. These are softer than the reference PV networks at the same nominal network parameters such as density, cross-link density, fiber diameter, and connectivity number. Their response is linear elastic over a broad range of strains, unlike PV networks that exhibit a gradual increase of the tangent stiffness starting from small strains. NCV networks exhibit much smaller Poisson contraction than any network of same nominal parameters. Interestingly, the strength of NCV networks increases continuously with an increasing degree of nonconvexity of the cells. These exceptional properties render this class of networks of interest in a variety of applications, such as tissue scaffolds, nonwovens, and protective clothing.
Influence of Geometrical Parameters on Heat Transfer of Transversely Corrugated Helically Coiled Tube for Deicing Fluid
Authors: Wu Mengli , Nie Qi , Li Yunpeng , Yue Xianqu , Chen Weibin , Wang Chiyu
Published: May 2019

In order to ensure flight safety in cold winter, aircraft ground deicing is crucial and necessary. In Chinese deicing fluid heating system, the helically coiled tube is paramount exchanger to heat deicing fluid. The deicing fluid is ethylene-glycol-based mixture with high viscosity. Aiming at heat transfer enhancement of deicing fluid, ring rib is formed by an embossed tube wall toward the internal of the tube; thus, transversely corrugated helically coiled tube (TCHC) is achieved. Depth and width are two key geometrical parameters of ring rib. Based on field synergy principle, the influence of depth–diameter ratio (H/D) and width-diameter ratio (w/D) is investigated through numerical simulation. The results show that outlet temperature, mean convection heat transfer coefficient, and Nusselt number have similar trends, which first increase and then decrease nonlinearly. The variation of flow resistance coefficient is inversely proportional to Reynolds number. Especially, the effect of H/D is more significant than that of w/D. Field synergy angle and velocity field are also analyzed to reveal the mechanism of heat transfer. TCHC performs better than the original tube. Orthogonal experiment calculates the outlet temperature of TCHC when H/D and w/D change. The combination of H/D=0.075 and w/D=0.5 is best solution. TCHC effectively enhances heat transfer of deicing fluid. Therefore, TCHC is beneficial to improve the deicing efficiency and ensure the flight punctuality.
Predictive Modeling of Microgrinding Force Incorporating Phase Transformation Effects
Authors: Ding Zishan , Sun Gaoxiang , Jiang Xiaohui , Guo Miaoxian , Liang Steven Y.
Published: May 2019

This study investigates the prediction of maraging steel C250 microgrinding forces by incorporating phase transformation effects with the manufacturing process mechanics. The results could consequently increase the accuracy of the prediction and better understand the influence of phase evolution on the materials processing. Based on a detailed analysis of microgrinding mechanics and thermodynamics, an iterative blending scheme integrating phase transformation kinetics and material genome analysis is developed. The physical-based formulation, experimental validation, and computational configuration are presented herein for the microgrinding forces, quantifying phase transformation effects. According to the results, the implementation of the iterative blending scheme can help achieve a higher prediction accuracy of microgrinding forces. Besides, the iterative blending would enable the consideration of the interactive relation between process mechanics and microstructure evolution through materials genome analysis.
Two-Dimensional Electro-Elastic Analysis of FG-CNTRC Cylindrical Laminated Pressure Vessels With Piezoelectric Layers Based on Third-Order Shear Deformation Theory
Authors: Mohammadi Masoud , Arefi Mohammad , Ahmadi Sara Amir
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper is to show the electro-elastic static behavior of cylindrical sandwich pressure vessels integrated with piezoelectric layers. The core is made of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC). The cylinder is embedded between two piezoelectric layers made of PZT-4. The effective material properties of reinforced core with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are calculated based on rule of mixture. The constitutive relations are developed in cylindrical coordinate system based on a higher-order shear deformation theory for both core and piezoelectric layers. The employed higher-order theory is based on third-order variation of deformations along the thickness direction to improve the accuracy of numerical results. The method of eigenvalue–eigenvector is used for solution of system of governing equations along the longitudinal direction. The numerical results are provided along the longitudinal and radial directions in terms of significant parameters such as various patterns of CNTs, various volume fractions of CNTs, various elastic foundation coefficients, and various applied electrical potentials.
Notch Effect on Structural Strength of Components at Elevated Temperature Under Creep, Fatigue, and Creep-Fatigue Loading Conditions: Phenomenon and Mechanism
Authors: Gong Jian-Guo , Gong Cheng , Xuan Fu-Zhen , Chen Haofeng
Published: May 2019

Structural discontinuities (e.g., nozzle, hole, and groove) widely occur in many high temperature components of nuclear and fossil power plants. In general, the notched component is used for simplified tests and analyses due to the complexity of the introduction of a practical component. In the previous work, the effects of the notch on failure life of the components have been reported experimentally, including the strengthening and weakening effects; however, the internal mechanisms have not been clearly demonstrated. This work reviews the notch effects on the structural strength of the notched components at elevated temperatures under creep, fatigue, and creep-fatigue loading conditions. Experimental phenomena (i.e., strengthening or weakening effects) for typical notched specimens subjected to the above three loading conditions are summarized, and the related factors for notch effects on creep rupture life or cycle to failure of the components are discussed. The mechanisms for the strengthening or weakening effects induced by a notch are described. Evaluation procedures for notch effect analysis under complex loading conditions are also included, and the primary challenges concerning the notch effect are provided for further investigations.
Thermomechanical Evaluation of the Performance and Integrity of a HDPE Stub-End Bolted Flange Connection
Authors: Barsoum I. , Barsoum Z. , Islam M. D.
Published: May 2019

In this study, the integrity of a manhole structure made of a 78 in. high density polyethylene (HDPE) stub-end, steel ring, and blind flange, sealed with a compressed nonasbestos fiber (CNAF) gasket is investigated by means of a parametric finite element analysis (FEA). A coupled thermomechanical nonlinear FEA model is built, comprising of a heat transfer and a structural model, which allows modeling the complex thermal and mechanical loads and their interactions present during the operation of the manhole. The temperature-dependent elastic–plastic HDPE material constitutive behavior and the temperature-dependent nonlinear response of the CNAF gasket are accounted for in the model. Factors influencing the performance and integrity of the manhole such as stud-bolt pretorque level (Tb), internal pressure (Pi), and outer temperature (To) are considered. Based on the results, the integrity and performance of the structure are assessed in view of a leakage through the gasket criterion and a yielding of the HDPE stub-end criterion. The FEA results reveal that both Tb, Pi, and To significantly influence the performance (i.e., leakage) of the gasket and the integrity (i.e., yielding) of the HDPE stub-end. At 40 °C, it is possible to find a safe operational window for a range of Tb and Pi values, where no leakage through the gasket or yielding of the stub-end occurs. However, as the temperature is increased this safe operational window decreases considerably, and at 80 °C safe operation cannot be guaranteed where leakage, yielding, or both simultaneously, will lead to loss in performance and integrity of the manhole structure.
Hoatzin nestling locomotion: Acquisition of quadrupedal limb coordination in birds
Authors: Abourachid Anick , Herrel Anthony , Decamps Thierry , Pages Fanny , Fabre Anne-Claire , Van Hoorebeke Luc , Adriaens Dominique , Garcia Amado Maria Alexandra
Published: May 2019

Hoatzin nestling locomotion suggests that bird transitional forms may have used a larger locomotor repertory.
cAMP metabolism controls caspase-11 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in sepsis
Authors: Chen Ruochan , Zeng Ling , Zhu Shan , Liu Jiao , Zeh Herbert J. , Kroemer Guido , Wang Haichao , Billiar Timothy R. , Jiang Jianxin , Tang Daolin , Kang Rui
Published: May 2019

Targeting immunometabolism is a strategy to prevent infection-mediated septic death.
A personalized platform identifies trametinib plus zoledronate for a patient with KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Bangi Erdem , Ang Celina , Smibert Peter , Uzilov Andrew V. , Teague Alexander G. , Antipin Yevgeniy , Chen Rong , Hecht Chana , Gruszczynski Nelson , Yon Wesley J. , Malyshev Denis , Laspina Denise , Selkridge Isaiah , Rainey Hope , Moe Aye S. , Lau Chun Yee , Taik Patricia , Wilck Eric , Bhardwaj Aarti , Sung Max , Kim Sara , Yum Kendra , Sebra Robert , Donovan Michael , Misiukiewicz Krzysztof , Schadt Eric E. , Posner Marshall R. , Cagan Ross L.
Published: May 2019

A novel
Drosophila
-based approach resulted in a significant response by a patient with KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer.
Efficient nonparametric belief propagation for pose estimation and manipulation of articulated objects
Authors: Desingh Karthik , Lu Shiyang , Opipari Anthony , Jenkins Odest Chadwicke
Published: May 2019

A “pull” message passing algorithm is an efficient nonparametric belief propagation for pose estimation of articulated objects.
Waving off neurodegeneration
Authors: Neman Josh
Published: May 2019

Gamma wave oscillations provide neuroprotection in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease.