bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing an Interpreting Competence Scale (ICS) and evaluating the interpreting competence of prospective interpreters and professionals in Turkey
Authors: ÜNAL Fatma , ÇOBAN ODACIOĞLU Fadime
Published: February 2023

Even though the translation activity is as old as humankind's history, academic translation teaching started towards the end of the 20th century. The demand for interpreting has also increased with international relations, migration, asylum, and two world wars. The need to train interpreters has emerged in this field, similar to written translation. Accordingly, what kind of knowledge, behavior, skills, and perspectives must be gained by individuals who want to be interpreters has been researched by translation scholars. The concept of interpreting competence has also emerged in interpreting studies. Different studies regarding this concept have been performed, and an attempt has been made to create interpreting competence models, especially by the araştırılGerman scholars. This study basically intends to develop an interpreting competence scale by investigating the opinions of prospective interpreters and professionals regarding interpreting competence. Accordingly, a literature review was carried out in this area, and the developed interpreting competence scale was implemented. Through this developed scale, the situation of the interpreting market in Turkey in terms of the professionals and prospective students who have interpreting training at different universities were compared. In the study, it was concluded that the scale is valid and reliable (having four sub-dimensional and 22 items). In interpreting, a significant difference is available in favor of male participants in linguistic-cultural competence, and besides, the effect is positive. In addition, there is a significant difference in favor of those desiring to work in the interpreting market in the interpreting process management. Furthermore, it can be said that there is a significant difference in favor of participants considering interpreting their primary profession in interpreting process management. A significant difference is present in favor of those living in a country where a foreign language they know has been spoken for more than three months, and the effect can be positive- medium. For correlation values, participants' interpreting competence has a low significant relationship with sex and the status of living in a foreign country. In contrast, the relationship between age and students' grades can be either medium or positive. The study also found out a high and positive significant relationship between the desire to work in the interpreting market and considering interpreting the primary profession. Finally, those who want to specialize in interpreting must have a high level of dedication to the profession because interpreting is a practice-based process requiring intensive effort in a cognitive, intellectual, and affective sense.
Avrupa Birliği ikincil hukuk tasarruflarının çevirisinde Almanca-Türkçe çözümlemeli çeviri yöntemi
Authors: ÖZBAY Recep
Published: February 2023

Avrupa Birliği kendi iç iletişiminde çeviriye verdiği özel önemi ‘AB’nin dili çeviridir’ sloganıyla güçlü bir şekilde vurgulamaktadır. Reform niteliğindeki bu bakış açısıyla, 27 ülkede konuşulan 24 resmi dil bir anlamda eşit konuma getirilmiştir. AB vatandaşları etkin ve kalite güvencesi sağlanmış çeviri hizmetleri sayesinde her türlü bilgi, metin ve belgeye neredeyse eş anlı olarak kendi ana dillerinde yazılmış kaynaklar olarak ulaşabilmektedirler. Ülkemizin AB’ye üye olma hedefi doğrultusunda yürütülen çok yönlü çalışmalar çerçevesinde AB hukuk mevzuatının birincil ve ikincil kaynaklarının Türkçeye çevrilmesi gerekmektedir. Kurucu antlaşmalar ile tadil edilmiş versiyonlarından oluşan birincil hukuk kaynaklarının çevirileri büyük oranda yapılmıştır. Çevirilerinin yapılması beklenen ve AB’nin Resmî Gazetesi üzerinden günlük olarak yayımlanan ve hacmi sürekli genişleyen ikincil hukuk kapsamına giren birikmiş on binlerce sayfa belge söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada AB’nin ikincil hukuk kaynakları arasında yer alan hukuki düzenlemelerin çevirisine yönelik Almancadan Türkçeye çözümlemeli bir çeviri yöntemi gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır. Analiz edilen tüzük, AB Resmî Gazetesi’nin 31 Ekim 2022 tarihli sayısından alınmıştır. Kaynak belge ve Türkçe çevirisi çalışmaya örnek olarak eklenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, özellikle Almanca mütercim-tercümanlık ve çeviribilim bölümü öğrencilerini AB ikincil hukuk metinlerinin çevirisinde uygulayabilecekleri çözümlemeli bir yöntemle tanıştırıp bu alana yönlendirmektir. Ortaya konan yöntemde, bir taraftan çevirmenin hukuk metinleri üzerinde yapması gereken dilbilimsel analizlerin, diğer taraftan da alan diline hakimiyetin önemine vurgu yapılmaktadır.
Haber metinleri çevirilerinde paralel metinlerle çalışmanın önemi
Authors: ŞEVİK Nesrin
Published: February 2023

Üniversitelerdeki çeviri bölümlerinin sağladığı akademik eğitim sonucu çevirmenlik mesleğine adım atan çevirmen adaylarının piyasada donanımlı bir şekilde yer alması, aldıkları eğitim ve eğitim müfredatı ile doğru orantılıdır. Bu çalışma çeviri eğitimi müfredatında yer alan Basın Çevirisi dersinde öğrencilerin metin çözümleme yetisini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın araştırma örneklemini Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Mütercim ve Tercümanlık Bölümü, Almanca Mütercim ve Tercümanlık Anabilim Dalı üçüncü sınıfta öğrenim gören ve bölümün 8 yarıyıllık ders müfredatında seçmeli ders olarak yer alan Basın Çevirisi dersine katılan öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada çevirmen adayı öğrencilerin Alman basınında yer alan Türkiye ile ilgili çevrimiçi gazete haber metnini Türkçeye aktarmalarında anadil ve kültür bilgisi ile çeviri edinçlerinin çeviri metinde ne kadar etkili olduğu irdelenecektir. Adayların çeviri edincinin değerlendirilmesinde izlenecek yol haritası, öğrencilerin ana dil ve kültür yetisi ve ana dillerindeki paralel metinlerin okumasının erek metnin oluşturulmasında ne oranda etkili olduğunu betimlemeye çalışan iki bileşenli bir model üzerine kurulmuştur. Araştırma örneklemini oluşturan çevirmen adayı öğrencilerin, basın çevirisi için seçilen haber metninin konusuna ait paralel metinleri ana dillerinde daha önce okumuş olmalarının, kaynak metnin konusunu anlamada ne derece önemli ve metni anlamaya ne kadar katkı sağladığı, bilgi eksikliğini giderip gidermediği, erek metnin metin türü geleneği hakkında bilgilendirici olup olmadığı ve tüm bu bilgilerin ve incelemelerin sonucunda elde ettikleri bilgilerin erek metinde karşılık bulup bulmadığı betimlenmeye çalışılacaktır.
Terapia antirretroviral en la transmisión perinatal del VIH
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Paz Sánchez Carlos Emilio , Correa Asanza Katherine ,   Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Gallardo León Jefferson ,   Universidad de Guayaquil
Published: February 2023

La transmisión vertical es el modo común de adquisición de la infección de VIH en los niños. Sin ninguna intervención un aproximado del 20% de los niños se infectan antes de nacer (infección prenatal o intrauterina), mientras que un 50-80 % lo hacen durante el parto (infección intraparto); la lactancia materna puede incrementar el 15.20% el riesgo de transmisión. (Villatoro, C. M. (2015).
Finansal Başarısızlık Tahmini Üzerine Türkiye’de Yayımlanan Lisansüstü Tezlerin Bibliyometrik Analizi (1991-2021)
Authors: KARATAŞ Bekir , CAN Ahmet Vecdi
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’de 1991-2021 döneminde “finansal başarısızlık tahmini” üzerine yayımlanmış 73 adet tez (49 adet yüksek lisans tezi ve 24 adet doktora tezi) çeşitli parametrelere göre bibliyometrik özellikleri kapsamında incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya konu tezlere YÖK tez veri tabanından ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden Bibliyometrik analiz tekniği kullanılarak mevcut durum ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmanın bibliyometrik özelliklere göre ortaya koyduğu bazı bulgular şöyledir; araştırmaya konu olan 73 tezin: % 67’si yüksek lisans, % 33 doktora tezidir. En çok kullanılan anahtar kelimeler ise “finansal başarısızlık” ve “Lojistik Regresyon” olmuştur. Yüksek lisans tezleri ortalama 7 yıllık, doktora tezleri ise ortalama 9 yıllık veriler üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tez adlarındaki başarısızlık kavramına bakıldığında “finansal başarısızlık” % 64, “mali başarısızlık” % 22 ve “finansal sıkıntı” ifadesi ise % 14 oranında kullanılmıştır. En çok kullanılan ilk dört başarısızlık kriteri (bağımlı değişken) sırasıyla “iflas etme”, “Altman Z skor”, “Gözaltı Pazarına alınma” ve “üst üste üç yıl zarar etme” dir. Tüm tezlerin % 50’sinde tek bağımlı değişken kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Tezlerde kullanılan ortalama bağımsız değişken sayısı yüksek lisans tezlerinde 18, doktora tezlerinde bu sayı 28’dir. En çok kullanılan ilk üç analiz/tahmin yöntemi sırasıyla “lojistik regresyon”, “diskriminant analizi ve “yapay sinir ağları”dır. Eğitim-test seti barındıran tezlerde en çok % 70-% 30 ve % 80-% 20 eğitim-test seti kullanılmıştır. Altman Z Skor modellerinin finansal başarısızlık tahmini noktasında genel doğru tahmin yüzdelerinin diğer yöntemlerden düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın finansal başarısızlık tahmini araştırmalarına yol göstereceği düşünülmektedir.
Muhasebe Eğitiminde Hikâyeleştirme (Storytelling) Ve Uygulama Önerileri
Authors: KISACIK Harun , ÇAKAR Recep
Published: February 2023

Ekonomik sistemin temel taşları olarak kabul edilen işletmeler hakkında mali bilgiler muhasebe aracılığı ile elde edilmektedir. Muhasebe meslek mensuplarının verimliliği işletmelerin mali bilgilerinin kalitesini arttırdığı ölçüde işletmelerin de verimliliğini arttıracaktır. İyi bir muhasebe eğitimi alan meslek mensubu alanı ile ilgili olarak kendisini geliştirme imkânı bulacak, kendini geliştiren meslek mensubu müşavirlik yaptığı işletmeyi bilgi ve birikimi ile yönlendirerek işletmenin verimli hale gelmesini sağlayacaktır. Verimliliği artan işletme ekonomik sistemin işlevselliğini doğal olarak da toplum refahını arttıracaktır. Bu bağlamda muhasebe meslek mensuplarının iyi bir eğitim ile donanımlı olmalarının sağlanması gerekliliği ortadadır. Muhasebe eğitimi birbirini takip eden süreçlerle gerçekleşmektedir. İlk olarak muhasebe sisteminin kavranması, akabinde hesap planının ve hesapların işleyişinin idrak edilmesi, son olarak da muhasebenin sonucu olan mali tabloların oluşumu ve analizi hususlarının öğrenilmesi gerekmektedir. Eğitimde birçok yöntem ve materyal kullanılabilmektedir. Kelime, görsel, imge vb. araçlar yardımıyla eğitim sürecini kolaylaştıran hikâyeleştirme (storytelling) uygulamaları, bir konuyu hikâyeleme yöntemi ile öğrenicilere aktarma sanatıdır. Anlaşılması, kavranması zor olan bir konu hikayeleştirme yöntemi ile daha kolay aktarılabilmektedir. Bilginin kolay öğrenilebilmesi hedef kitle açısından olumlu bir durum olmakla birlikte diğer konuların da öğrenilme isteğini arttırmaktadır. Hikayeleştirme yöntemi konunun öğrenilmesini kolaylaştırdığı gibi aktarılan bilginin kalıcı olmasını da sağlamaktadır. Hikayeleştirme yöntemi ile verilen muhasebe eğitiminin daha verimli olacağı düşünülebilir. Çalışmada ilk olarak muhasebe eğitimi ve hikayeleştirme konularına değinilerek akabinde muhasebe eğitiminde hikayeleştirme uygulaması ele alınacaktır. Hikayeleştirme uygulamaları ile muhasebe eğitimi ilgililerinin muhasebe eğitimini daha verimli bir şekilde kavramaları amaçlanmaktadır.
Bibliometric Analysis of Sustainability Accounting and Reporting
Authors: ALTIN Meltem , YILMAZ Recep
Published: February 2023

The execution of accounting activities in accordance with the understanding of social responsibility is directly related to the management of businesses based on the principles of sustainability, transparency and, accountability. In this context, notions of sustainable accounting and reporting emerge, which pertain to the public disclosure of accounting operations in transparency and accountability. This research investigated scientific studies on sustainability accounting and reporting by using bibliometric indices. In this regard, the scanned Scopus database articles were categorized with regarding to the topic headings and their contents defined in accordance with the relevant literature. The literature search yielded a total of 817 papers. After filtering, 378 articles were deemed suitable for the analysis. According to the analysis results, the most productive year for the publication of research papers on sustainable accounting was the year 2020, with 47 publications. Based upon the research findings, it can be asserted that the United Kingdom has the most publications, and the most effective journal is the "Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal". Finally, keyword analysis shows that "sustainable development", "environmental management" and "environmental impact" are the most frequent keywords.
Nakit Akış Bilgilerinin Değer İlişkisi: BİST Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: KAYA İbrahim , ÖZÇELİK Hakan
Published: February 2023

Muhasebe bilgilerinin temel niteliklerinden olan değer ilişkisi, muhasebe bilgilerinin hisse senedi fiyatlarını açıklayabilme gücüdür. Değer ilişkisi, muhasebe bilgileri ile firma değeri arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki olarak açıklanabilir. Firma değerinin tespitinde, muhasebe bilgi kullanıcılarının ihtiyaç duyduğu temel muhasebe bilgilerinden birisi nakit akış bilgisidir. Nakit akış bilgilerinin raporlandığı nakit akış tablosu, bilanço ve gelir tablosu kadar önemli bir finansal tablodur. Çalışmanın amacı, nakit akış bilgilerinin değer ilişkisini tespit etmektir. Amaç kapsamında, BİST 100 şirketlerinden 2014-2019 yılları arasında verilerine ulaşılabilen şirketlerin nakit akış bilgileri ile hisse senedi fiyatı arasındaki ilişki, panel veri analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; nakit akış tablosu verilerinin imalat ve imalat dışı sektörlerde değer ilişkisine sahip olduğu, dönem sonu nakit bilgisinin değer ilişkisinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
İşletmelerin Finansal Sağlamlığının Belirlenmesinde Finansal Oranlarla Oluşturulan Çok Değişkenli Modellerin Karşılaştırılması: BIST’te İşlem Gören Toptan Ticaret Sektöründe Bir Uygulama
Authors: SARIAY M. A. İbrahim
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, işletmelerin finansal sağlamlığını belirleyebilmek için finansal oranlarla oluşturulan çok değişkenli modelleri karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde incelemektir. Örneklem olarak BİST Toptan Ticaret Sektöründe işlem gören işletmelerin 2017-2021 dönemlerinin ele alındığı çalışmada, çok değişkenli modellerin finansal sağlamlığı ölçmede kullanılabilmesi için finansal sağlamlık göstergeleriyle bu modeller arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek üzere panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlendikten sonra, Toptan Ticaret Sektöründe yer alan işletmelerin finansal sağlamlık görünümleri beş modele göre karşılaştırılarak ölçülmüştür. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, Toptan Ticaret Sektöründe yer alan işletmelerden ikisinin tüm modellerde ve tüm yıllarda finansal olarak sağlam olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Kripto Varlıkların Muhasebeleştirilmesi Üzerine Bir İçerik Analizi
Authors: KILIÇ İsa , ALATAŞ Ahmet
Published: February 2023

Kripto varlıklar ile ilgili birçok ülkede yasal bir düzenleme bulunmaması, kripto varlık kullanıcılarının kripto varlıkları hangi grup içerisinde ve hangi kalemlerde nasıl muhasebeleştirileceği hususunda tereddüt yaşamalarına sebep olmaktadır. Yapılan çalışma; kripto varlıkların nasıl muhasebeleştirileceğini ve hangi kalemler içerisinde muhasebeleştirilmesi gerektiğini, bu konuda araştırmacılar tarafından önerilen mevzuatsal düzenlemeler ile kullanıcıların uygulama yöntemlerinin neler olduğunu belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için içerik analizi çeşitlerinden olan betimsel bir içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda kripto varlıkların muhasebeleştirilmesinde öne çıkan hesap grupları; nakit ve nakit benzeri varlık, finansal araç, stok ve maddi olmayan duran varlık hesapları olarak listelenmiş, kripto paraların maddi olmayan duran varlık olarak değerlendirilip ona göre muhasebeleştirmesinin var olan eksiklik ve boşluklara rağmen literatürde en çok tercih edilen seçenek olduğu görülmüştür. Kripto paraların ortak bir tanımının yapılması ve muhasebeleştirilmesi konusunda uluslararası kripto para birimleri adı altında bir standardın hazırlanması da kripto paranın tüm tarafları arasındaki işlemlerde birlikteliği sağlayacaktır.
Denetim Kalitesi Göstergeleri Ve Bir Model Önerisi: Borsa İstanbul Örneği
Authors: YAROĞLU Zeynep , KURT Ganite
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışma ile denetim kalitesi göstergeleri ve bir denetim kalitesi çerçevesi oluşturulup oluşturulamayacağı incelenmiştir. Genel kabul görmüş bir denetim kalitesi tanımının olmaması nedeniyle, denetim kalitesinin nasıl tanımlanacağı ve ölçüleceği tartışmaları akademisyenlerin ve düzenleyicilerin gündeminde yer almaktadır. Türkiye’deki literatürde yer alan çalışmalar bütüncül bir yaklaşım yerine denetim kalitesini bir açıdan ele alırken ya da yatırımcılar, denetim komiteleri ve denetçiler gibi paydaşların denetim kalitesi algısını ölçerken; herhangi bir düzenleyici kurum tarafından denetim kalitesi çerçevesi oluşturulmak üzere yürütülen denetim kalitesi göstergeleri projesi bulunmamaktadır. Borsa İstanbul’da İmalat sektöründe 2016 ve 2020 yılları arasında yer alan halka açık işletmelerden oluşan panel veriye ait analizin F- testi sonuçları, önerilen denetim kalitesi göstergeleri modelinin bir bütün olarak istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Analiz sonuçları, sorumlu ortak, etik ve bağımsızlık eğitim saati ve müşteri işletme büyüklüğü göstergelerinin denetim kalitesi (kar kalitesi) ile arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ampirik sonuçlar teori ile tutarlı olduğu için, denetim kalitesini etkileyen muhtemel göstergelerin tümü önerilen denetim kalitesi modeline dahil edilmiştir. Düzenleyiciler, denetçiler, denetim komiteleri ve yatırımcılar için potansiyel ilgi alanını oluşturacak olan analiz bulguları, Türkiye'de bir denetim kalitesi projesi oluşturmanın önemini vurgulamaktadır.
Strategy for Developing Small Micro and Medium Enterprises of Culinary in Baturaja City, OKU Regency
Authors: Vitergo Robi , Sari Fifian Permata , Efrianti Rini , Manggi Anggi Fatmayati
Published: February 2023

This study aims to examine internal and external elements in the development of Culinary MSMEs in Baturaja City, OKU Regency, to define the Culinary MSMEs' development plan to improve economic growth in Baturaja City, OKU Regency. This study employed the survey method of research. A SWOT analysis was utilized to analyze the data in this investigation. The study's findings reveal various internal and external aspects. Internal factors include strength, consumer service, promotional media, raw material availability, and labor. Weaknesses include a lack of ability to innovate products, a scarcity of development money, difficulties obtaining raw materials, and technological limits in the manufacturing process. In the meanwhile, external forces present opportunities: the consumer. According to the findings of the study, the development strategies used to develop culinary MSMEs in Baturaja City, OKU Regency are the SO Strategy (difference and development of quality-oriented products and the development of marketing or promotional strategies), the WO Strategy (development of more varied product designs and the development of production processes with the revitalization of more modern machines and equipment), and  ST Strategy (a highly competitive product development with a characteristic load  local, Credit policy with cheaper interest and simpler process and improvement of the quality of physical infrastructure as well), WT Strategy (Development of promotion to the market with more sophisticated media and Increased role of external institutions, associations of large entrepreneurs in the development of MSME businesses)
DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Chagas Carlos Ricardo , Souza Haroldo Nonato Ferreira de , Magalhães Gabriela Del Prete , Bedran Sálua Saud , Chagas Natascha Carneiro
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The diagnosis of breast cancer in pregnant and postpartum women presents challenges. The clinical management of the breasts during pregnancy and lactation requires knowledge of the physiological changes of the pregnant breast, as well as the correct identification and approach to possible changes. The reluctance of physicians and patients to perform radiographic tests and invasive procedures during this period should be discussed. Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate that all breast lesions found in these periods should be carefully evaluated, highlighting the importance of diagnostic evaluation methods, comparing the advantages, disadvantages, and possible false-negative factors of the methods frequently used in clinical practice. Methods: This is a literature review, which uses references found in scientific books on gynecology, obstetrics, and mastology, in addition to the use of the databases Medline, BVS, PubMed, UpToDate, and LILACS, applying to originals and literature reviews written in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Results: The analysis of diagnostic methods in the context of breast cancer is associated with pregnancy, such as selfexamination, anamnesis and clinical examination, ultrasonography, mammography, evaluation by core biopsy, evaluation by cytology, and evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging, presented as a result of limitations not found in nonpregnant women. The bibliographic study points to the need for individualized monitoring, analysis, and application, taking into consideration a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer during her pregnancy and physiological and morphological changes in the breast. Conclusion: Early diagnosis is not common during pregnancy; consequently, more advanced stages are associated with breast cancer simultaneously to gestation. Therefore, even in pregnancy, any suspicion of breast lesion must undergo evaluation. Pregnant and postpartum women should have clinical breast examinations as a routine, making patients and health staff aware of their importance in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle. Advice about the self-examination, request for ultrasound, mammography, and biopsy is necessary.
DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER IN BRAZIL: REFLECTION ON THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Ramos Maria Fernanda Passos Rocha , Ramos Dandara Rocha , Ramos Paulus Fabricio Mascarenhas , Avena Katia de Miranda
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent oncological type and the leading cause of death by malignancy among women in Brazil and worldwide. At present, since the outbreak of COVID-19, an obstacle arises regarding the diagnosis and screening of new diseases, as well as in the continuity of treatment and follow-up of those women already diagnosed prior to the pandemic. Objectives: The objective of this work was to verify if the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the screening of breast cancer in women in Brazil. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study, with a descriptive and quantitative approach, carried out with secondary data provided by the Cancer Information System (SISCAN/ DATASUS), considering two temporal clippings — before the pandemic (2015–2019) and during the pandemic (2020 and 2021). Women diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent mammography between 2015 and 2021 were included in the study. Review by the Research Ethics Committee was waived because the public, aggregated, and unidentified data were used. Results: Between 2015 and 2021, 17,229,218 mammograms were performed in Brazil. The temporal analysis shows a gradual upward behavior in all years, reaching 49.6% growth in the period before the pandemic (from 2,047,504 mammograms in 2015 to 3,063,618 mammograms in 2019). Already during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a change in the Brazilian epidemiological behavior, being evidenced a significant drop in the number of examinations performed. In 2020, 1,864,891 mammograms were recorded, representing a 39.1% drop, while in 2021, 2,606,074 mammograms were recorded, representing a 39.7% increase over the previous year, but if compared to the last prepandemic year, there is an important decrease in the amount of mammograms performed (14.9%). Besides this, another consequence was the underdiagnosis of some diseases, such as breast cancer. The estimate stipulated by the National Cancer Institute (INCA) for each year of the triennium between 2020 and 2022 was 66,280 new cases of breast cancer in Brazil. As with mammograms, in 2020, there was a 10.3% drop in diagnoses (n=46,509), which represents only 70.2% of the estimate made by INCA for 2020. In 2021, this drop was even more significant (n=24,446), representing only 36.9% of the expected for the period. Conclusion: Because of the emergence of COVID-19 and the magnitude of the pandemic, there was an epidemiological change in public health in Brazil, significantly impacting the screening, monitoring, and treatment of diseases with high incidence in the country. It is believed that this panorama will reflect in the increase of cases and their severity, besides impacting the costs of public health worldwide.
EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE AND EXERCISE THERAPY IN REHABILITATION OF PHYSICAL DYSFUNCTIONS ON WOMEN BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS
Authors: Giron Patricia Santolia , Haddad Cinira Assad Simão , Rizzi Samantha Karlla Lopes de Almeida , Nazário Afonso Celso Pinto , Facina Gil
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The treatment of breast cancer can trigger physical dysfunctions and psychological difficulties such as pain, depression, limitation of upper limb function, and shoulder range of motion (ROM) deficits. Exercise therapy is a treatment well established in the literature for these disorders and acupuncture is an alternative to it. However, most studies using acupuncture only assess pain. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare three distinct rehabilitation treatments (exercise therapy, acupuncture, and Stiper®) in women undergoing breast cancer surgery, assessing pain, depression, upper limb function, and ROM parameters. Methods: In total, 79 women with pain above 3 on the visual analog scale (VAS) and with more than 90 days of surgery were included. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Hospital São Paulo on May 13, 2016, under number 1.543.582, and registered in the Clinical Trials Registry on January 11, 2016, with number NCT02798263. They were divided into three groups that received weekly treatment for 10 weeks: group I (G1) treated with standard, predefined exercise therapy, based on stretching of the cervical muscles, shoulder girdle, and shoulder ROM exercises with a duration of 30 min; group II (G2) treated with 30 min of acupuncture using predefined points; and group III (G3) treated with the same acupuncture points as group II, however, using the Stiper ® (silicon oxide micronized quartz pellet) in place of needles. Results: In all, 67 patients completed the treatment, being 26 from G1, 23 from G2, and 18 from G3. There was a decrease in pain over time in all groups (first session compared with the fifth (p <0.001) and with the tenth (p<0.001), but not between groups. There was a statistically significant difference in depressive symptoms using the Beck questionnaire over time in the three groups (between the first and tenth sessions [p=0.001], between the first and fifth sessions [p=0.052], but not between groups). Regarding the DASH questionnaire for shoulder function, there were significant differences over time at all evaluated moments (p <0.001), but not between groups. Conclusion: The rehabilitation of physical dysfunctions in women who survived breast cancer through exercise therapy, acupuncture, and Stiper® proved to be effective, without superiority between the groups. We conclude that acupuncture showed equivalent results when compared with exercise therapy, thus being an effective approach in the rehabilitation of these women.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND INCIDENCE OF BREAST CANCER IN MALE PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY HEALTH INSTITUTION
Authors: Freitas Laura Rabelo de , Costa Lilian Cristina Silva da , Silva Maria Gabriela Ferreira da , Batista Luiza Rodrigues , Machado Rafael Henrique Szywanski
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Despite the rare incidence of malignant breast pathologies in men, it is extremely important to pay attention to any complaints related to breast alterations in men. Benign and malignant breast diseases are uncommon in men. In addition, most of the male population can be careless when it comes to their own health, especially in breast diseases, commonly seen as an exclusive condition for women. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological profile of male patients treated at the Mastology Clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Lagoa’s Federal Hospital (HFL), a tertiary health institution. Methods: In total, 40 medical records of patients who were assisted during 2020 and 2021 were evaluated. Results: The majority of patients were between 30 and 70 years old, and the major complaints (97%) were related to a tumor or to breast volume increase. Sixty percent of the patients were diagnosed with gynecomastia and, as a consequence, have been regularly observed throughout appointments since then. Some of these patients (12.5%) have reported the use of anabolic substances before the discovery. The breast cancer incidence in this male population was 22.5% during this period, and the patients affected by malignant tumors were between 47 and 74 years old. Most patients with breast cancer smoked (55%) and drank alcohol (22%). No patient had breast cancer in family history and only one patient was related to a family history of prostate cancer. A total of 66.6% of the male breast cancer in this study population was positive for hormone receptors, and the papillary carcinoma of the breast was the predominant histological type (44.4%). Conclusion: As other studies indicate, all of the patients were in an advanced stage of the disease since the first appointment at HFL. Low educational level, no knowledge about possible male breast cancer, insecurity, shyness and fear of possible social judgments about breast increase (especially in older patients), and carelessness when it comes to their own health were the preponderant factors for a clinically advanced disease among the patients at HFL. These factors were also relevant for a bad adaptation to the treatment, as well as emotional shakiness during therapy and follow-up: some patients showed symptoms such as apathy, deep sadness, and even depression. The male population assisted by the Mastology Clinic at HFL has similar features as the ones in equivalent studies. This research confirms the necessity of an increase in male’s Health Care Education, family participation during treatment, and interdisciplinary care, considering the physical and emotional consequences of such diagnosis.
EXTENSIVE DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS IN THE CHEST AND BREAST: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Belluco Rosana Zabulon Feijó , Baqueiro Melissa de Andrade , Resende Vitória Vasconcelos de Lara , Vasconcelos Flávio Lúcio , Macedo Jefferson Lessa Soares de
Published: February 2023

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DP) is a neoplasm of the deep layer of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. It presents a rare incidence and constitutes 0.1% of the malignant tumors. It has local aggressive behavior with slow tumor growth, low metastasis rates of around 5%, but has high rates of local recurrence after surgical excision. The diagnosis is histopathological through biopsy of the lesion, and the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method can help in selected cases by detecting possible chromosomal rearrangements in the tissue. Physical examination, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography may be helpful in assessing the area of tumor extension. The treatment of choice is resections with 3-cm wide margins or Mohs micrographic surgery. The prognosis is directly related to the correct excision of the compromised margins. A woman, 51 years old, presented with a raised, brownish, irregular, 13×8 cm multinodular lesion attached to the overlying skin, in the epigastric region, which extended to the left hypochondrium and lower quadrants of the left breast, without local symptoms or lymph node enlargement. She reported the appearance of a small nodular skin lesion at the site 10 years ago and reports continuous growth of the nodule, with the involvement of the adjacent skin and the left breast starting 5 years ago, after the formation of a hypertrophic scar due to two previous local resections of the initial lesion. Mammography showed a nodule of cutaneous origin in the lower inner quadrant of the left breast, which may correspond to keloids — BIRADS 2. Breast ultrasound showed a solid, echogenic nodule measuring 1.6×1.2 cm in the left breast at 8 am; 2.5 cm from the nipple — suggestive of lipoma, and at 7 am, nodule measuring 2.4×1.6 cm that penetrates the breast parenchyma — BIRADS 3. The lesion was diagnosed as dermatofibrosarcoma on histopathological examination of a skin fragment. The patient underwent resection of the lesion with a safety margin by the mastology team and primary reconstruction using a thigh graft by the plastic surgery team. A surgical specimen was sent for anatomopathological examination that presented a result compatible with a previous biopsy, reiterating the diagnosis of DP, and with peripheral and deep surgical margins free of neoplastic involvement; evolved without postoperative complications or restriction of range of motion; and referred to radiotherapy to assess the need for additional treatment.
FIBROADENOMA AND PHYLOID TUMOR: CLINICAL DIFFERENCES AND IN IMAGING EXAMINATIONS
Authors: Lima Maysa Ramos de , Teixeira Camila Melo do Egypto , Barreto Gabriela Porto , Leite Filho João Geraldo Teixeira de Miranda
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Among the fibroepithelial lesions, there are fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumors (PTs) that are breast neoplasms. Both of them offer breast lumps. Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast lesion in young adult women. It has limited growth and does not usually exceed 2 cm, and in some cases it can present itself as a giant. More commonly, it affects the upper lateral quadrant, and it can be located in any quadrant, multiple, unilateral or bilateral forms. PTs represent less than 1% of fibroepithelial tumors in the breast, being more common around the age of 40. It can be benign, borderline, or malignant. Methods: An analysis about the theme was carried out in scientific articles using the various academic means of electronic data, with an emphasis on SciELO, Google Academic, LILACS, RBGO, BVS, and CAPES. A comparative study of fibroadenoma and PT was performed from 2018 to 2022. Results: Fibroadenoma is usually slow growing and painless. The association of clinical and imaging findings makes the follow-up of these lesions quite reliable. In contrast, PT manifests as a faster growing nodule that can be repeated even after excision and/or metastasize. The differential diagnosis between the two tumors is of extreme importance, bearing in mind the prognosis and therapy to be used in each one. Imaging tests, such as mammography and ultrasound, do not show pathognomonic signs of PT; however, as a support in diagnosis, ultrasound is a reliable method in cases of large and well-defined tumors, due to the presence of cystic areas interspersed with the solid mass. As for fibroadenoma, cytology associated with the clinical and imaging is part of the triple diagnosis, in case of doubt, FNA is added, which has a specific cytological aspect. Conclusion: Fibroadenoma is usually slow growing and painless. The association of clinical and imaging findings makes the follow-up of these lesions quite reliable. In contrast, PT manifests as a faster growing nodule that can be repeated even after excision and/or metastasize. The differential diagnosis between the two tumors is of extreme importance, bearing in mind the prognosis and therapy to be used in each one. Imaging tests, such as mammography and ultrasound, do not show pathognomonic signs of PT; however, as a support in diagnosis, ultrasound is a reliable method in cases of large and well-defined tumors, due to the presence of cystic areas interspersed with the solid mass. As for fibroadenoma, cytology associated with clinical and imaging is part of the triple diagnosis, in case of doubt, FNA is added, which has a specific cytological aspect.
FIBROADENOMA ARISING IN SUPERNUMERARY AXILARY BREAST TISSUE
Authors: Kleina Larissa Renata , Lucena Claudio Rotta , Linhares Jose Clemente
Published: February 2023

Supernumerary breasts occur in about 1–5% of women, most often in the armpits and are subject to the same benign and malignant diseases as normal breast tissue. A patient sought the health unit in February 2021 after noticing a palpable and painful nodular lesion in the left axillary region. An evaluation was performed by a gynecologist who requested an imaging test. The ultrasound showed lymphadenopathy in the left axillary extension with an unusual appearance, measuring 25.9×15.7×15.3 mm, BIRADS classification 4. She underwent ultrasound-guided core biopsy and the anatomopathological result was compatible with breast fibroadenoma. The patient was referred to the mastology service of Hospital Erasto Gaertner for evaluation. On examination, the presence of bilaterally palpable fibroglandular tissue in the axillary region is compatible with accessory breasts and two palpable nodules in the left axilla, the first with 3×1.5 cm in the anterior axillary line and the second with 1×1 cm in the posterior axillary line, both with fibroelastic characteristics. There are no palpable nodules or changes in breast imaging tests. It was proposed to the patient that the excision of the supernumerary glands bilaterally for further anatomopathological analysis. She will undergo the surgical procedure on Febraury 5, 2022.
GIANT CELL TUMOR OF THE BREAST WITH PULMONARY METASTASIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Monteiro Karina Miranda , Fiel Francianne Rocha , Almeida Nyara Rodrigues Conde de , Carneiro Sandrelli dos Reis
Published: February 2023

Giant cell tumor of soft tissue (GCT-ST) is an extremely uncommon tumor that resembles GCT of the bone in morphology and immunohistochemistry, usually occurs in the superficial and deep STs of the extremities, and the breast is a very rare location. It is composed of a mixture of round mononuclear cells and multinucleated osteoclast giant cells. It is classified as an intermediate-type fibrous tissue cell tumor, occasionally metastatic type, that has a benign clinical course when treated adequately by complete excision. Therefore, local recurrence or distant metastasis is extremely rare. A 36-year-old female patient was admitted to the Mastology Service with a 20-cm palpable nodule in the left breast, associated with ectasia without signs of lymphadenopathy; reports hypertension, hypothyroidism, and hysterectomy in 2006, due to uterine myomatosis. In relation to family history, her father had prostate cancer. On imaging examinations, a breast ultrasound was performed and showed a solid and hypoechoic node, lobulated contour with small cystic areas inside, with post acoustic phenomenon, located in the superolateral quadrant of the left breast. Mammography confirmed BIRADS 0. The biopsy revealed an atypical epithelial lesion with abundant osteoclast-like giant stromal cells. Computed tomography of the chest revealed nonspecific pulmonary nodules in the right upper lobe, the largest measuring 0.5 cm. Immunohistochemistry concluded histiocystic neoplasm rich in multinucleated giant cells — Ki-67 15%, AE1/AE3, and GATA-3 negative, CD68 positive. As clinical management, a simple left mastectomy was indicated. Anatomopathology showed a fibrohistiocytic neoplasm with abundant osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells, measuring 10.5 cm.
GIANT PHYLLODES BREAST TUMOR AFTER INDUSTRIAL SILICONE INJECTIONS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Freitas Laura Rabelo de , Costa Lilian Cristina Silva da , Silva Maria Gabriela Ferreira da , Batista Luiza Rodrigues , Torres Daniele Pitanga
Published: February 2023

A phyllodes tumor is an uncommon lesion in the breast. There are three forms of presentation: benign, borderline, and malignant. The major incidence of phyllodes tumor is seen in women between 40 and 50 years old, and the benign presentation is the most frequent, being more current in those women, the reason why it is so relevant to have a complete exeresis of the lesion with free surgical margins. We present a case of a female patient with a giant phyllodes tumor on the right breast after an industrial silicone injection. In March 2021, a 60-year-old patient suffering from high blood pressure and anxiety was assisted at the Mastology Clinic at Hospital Federal da Lagoa (HFL). Before 28 years, she had submitted to an industrial silicone injection in the breast, with no medical evaluation before or after the procedure. In 2016, she found a tumor in her right breast, a lesion with a progressive growth. In October 2020, she noticed an ulcer near the tumor, which is why she sought medical help. After two biopsies with no malignant evidence, she was forwarded to our service, presenting an extensive injury at the right breast: an ulcerated lesion filling (>12 cm), filling the lateral aspect of the breast, with bleeding areas and necrosis. The papillary areolar complex was completely deviated to the medial side. Another biopsy was made, but the results were again inconclusive of malignant cancer, despite the clinical features. The axillary area was affected by lymphadenopathy. The left breast had uncountable tumors, because of the industrial silicone injection. The patient chose the mastectomy of both breasts, afraid of a possible malignant disease. The surgery was performed in June 2021, with a lymph node biopsy on the right side. The histopathology reported a giant and benign phyllodes tumor (15×13 cm) with an extensive inflammatory process, necrosis, calcification, edema, vascular congestion, fibrosis, and foreign body giant cells reaction. The skin and papilla were attacked by the inflammatory process in all the depths of the dermis. The lymph nodes just presented an inflammatory process and surgical margins were free. The left breast presented the same lesions of the inflammatory process visible in the right breast. The patient remains in followup, considering the possibility of recurrence of the phyllodes tumor, and awaiting the appropriate time for breast reconstruction. Although there is no evidence about the risk factors for developing a phyllodes tumor, there is no doubt about the mutagenic potential of the silicone liquid in the body. The relevance of this study is based on the rare clinical disease and on the problem associated with illegal practice of aesthetic medicine, still frequent in our Society.
HIGH LEVELS OF SATISFACTION WITH CARE AFTER BREAST CANCER SURGERY
Authors: Miranda Isabela , Frasson Antônio Luiz , Costa Bartira Ercília Pinheiro da , Lichtenfels Martina , Vollbrecht Betina
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Despite improvements in surgical techniques, oncologic breast surgery can have a profound impact on women’s health. Advances in breast cancer treatment result in longer survival times, highlighting the importance of conceptions of quality of life and personal satisfaction. Evaluating these outcomes in surgical breast cancer patients provides essential information to improve shared decision-making. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate satisfaction with care in patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) for the treatment of breast cancer. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study using a database of women who underwent BCS or NSM for breast cancer treatment from January 2017 to December 2017. All procedures were performed by a same senior breast surgeon. Clinical-pathological data were assessed from the medical record and the patient’s follow-up was updated during appointments. All patients filled out an electronic version of the BREAST-Q questionnaire. This study received approval from the ethics committee of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul and all participants signed the consent form. Results: The BCS and NSM groups were composed of 75 and 70 women, respectively. Patients in the NSM group were younger at the time of surgery than those in the BCS group, with a mean age of 45.4 and 55.7 years, respectively (p <0.05). The median follow-up time since surgery was 29.2 months in the BCS and 28.1 months in the NSM group (p=0.876). Satisfaction with care was extremely high and not statistically different between groups. The related satisfaction scores by BCS and NSM groups were respectively: with surgeon 98.1±5.4 versus 96.3±8.8, with medical team 97.7±7.2 versus 94.8±16.8, with office staff 97.4±11.2 versus 96.9±8.2, and with surgeon’s information 80.8±23.8 versus 80.1±19.2. After adjustment for clinical-pathological variables, we found no difference in the results compared to the nonadjusted analysis. Conclusion: Our study shows that there is no difference in satisfaction with care between women who underwent BCS and NSM for the treatment of breast cancer. Furthermore, the level of satisfaction was extremely high in both groups, highlighting the importance of the support offered by the surgeon and his team, and patient’s involvement in the decision-making process regarding surgical treatment.