bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Questioning Nature: A Study of Death and Isolation in Selected Nature Poems by Robert Frost
Authors: AlKhrisheh Amal S. , Abuhammam Emad A. , Al-Rbehat Walaa R.
Published: January 2023

This study aims to discuss the themes of death and isolation in selected nature poems by Robert Frost, the reasons behind this odd employment of nature, the relationship between death and isolation, and how one begets the other. The assumptions and principles of psychoanalytical and biographical approaches provide the theoretical framework for this dissertation, namely, through examining the life of Frost, as well as psychic exhaustion and traumas which reveal the unconscious motives behind his use of the themes of death and isolation in his nature poems. To answer the study’s questions, it focuses on studying those poems by going over the symbols and figures of speech that present the challenging, gloomy picture of nature, which single out Frost from other American and English poets’ images of nature.
Cultural Relations Among Speakers of South Halmahera Languages
Authors: Arafah Burhanuddin , Kaharuddin  , Hasjim Munira , Arafah Azhariah Nur B. , Takwa  , Karimuddin
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to examine the cultural relationships between languages in Buli, East Makian, Gane, Gebe, Maba, Patani, and Sawai in South Halmahera, Indonesia. It portrayed the cultural relationships between the people from the regions speaking the South Halmahera languages. Furthermore, the cultural inventory was created and explained using qualitative and the 'wörter und sachen' methods. The findings showed a cultural tie between South Halmahera speakers living close to the language heartland. Those living away from their origin are related to different languages and cultures. The connections have resulted in lexical borrowings, syntactical alterations, as well as language and cultural divergences that cause language diversities.
A Critical Overview of the Implementation of Language-Immersion Through the Use of Mobile Apps
Authors: Kannan M. , Meenakshi S.
Published: January 2023

The use of m-learning, also known as mobile learning, allows the new generation of people to have better communication and activities regardless of location and time. The purpose of this research is to understand more about how students learn English using their mobile devices. Mobile technologies are increasingly being used in language teaching and learning. MALL (Mobile Assisted Language Learning) allows anybody to study regardless of their location, job, studies, and time constraints. In mobile learning, smartphones, iPods, tablets, computers, and iPads are utilised to facilitate language acquisition. There are various applications available for persons studying English as a second language. This research looks at how mobile apps are classified for elementary, secondary, and tertiary learners. This research focuses on the implementation, analysis, and assessment of language learning mobile apps. The concept, technique, theoretical, and pedagogical characteristics that drive modern mobile applications are also discussed in this article. Because these applications are designed to help learners improve their language abilities, the focus should be on learning the four important language skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing using mobile technology. It also reveals that apps are more effective at teaching listening and speaking skills than traditional learning techniques.
What Is a Name? Identity and Diaspora in Leila Aboulela’s The Kindness of Enemies
Authors: Dwakiat Khawla M. Al , Maani Hala T.
Published: January 2023

What does it mean to be a Muslim carrying an Arabic name, such as Osama or Hussein along with existing as a part of a Western society today? This is one of the core questions that are explored by the Egyptian-Sudanese-Scottish novelist Leila Aboulela in her 2015 novel The Kindness of Enemies. In light of the cultural theorist Stuart Hall’s definition of identity as a “‘moveable feast’: formed and transformed continuously in relation to the ways we are represented or addressed in the cultural systems which surround us” (Hall, 1996, p. 598), this paper investigates how the discovery of one’s identity is indeed an intricate procedure, one that is unavoidably complicated. When an individual straddles the boundaries of two cultures, the mission becomes even more complex and problematic. Furthermore, this paper throws light on the significance of names for those of Muslim heritage trying to assimilate into the British social system after 7/7/2005 London bombings. As the novel highlights the effect of the “war on terror” on Arab British Muslims, the paper discusses why Aboulela’s main protagonists have been anguished by taking off their first identify markers. Why Natasha legally changes her name? Why Osama prefers being named Oz or Ossie? Additionally, the paper aims at examining how the characters’ identities are formed and reformed to produce themselves anew within their host cultures.
The influence of fermentation activity and ester producing capacity of yeast strains on the chemical composition and organoleptic characteristics of Gamza wines
Authors: Yoncheva Tatyana , Spasov Hristo , Kostov Georgi
Published: January 2023

The influence of the two technological parameters, temperature (20 °C, 24 °C, 28 °C) and the inoculum amount of the yeast culture (2%, 3%, 4%) on the duration of the alcoholic fermentation and the ester-producing capacity of the Badachoni and the 24-6 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae species was studied. The yeast exhibited high fermentation activity. The intensity with which it initiated the process and the time for its completion was in correlation with the studied factors. The strains showed the best activity at 28 °C/4%. Neural networks were applied and mathematical models were derived, properly describing the fermentation process and the change in the total amount of esters in the course of the process, depending on the technological conditions. The rate in the dynamic of the esters during the process was monitored in 4 stages - onset, rapid fermentation, quiet fermentation, and after malolactic fermentation. The maximum quantity of esters was synthesized in the middle of the process. During alcoholic fermentation, the esters followed a tendency to increase with decreasing the temperature, increasing the amount of yeast culture and the time of the process. The Badachoni and the 24-6 strains demonstrated the highest ester-producing capacity under the temperature of 20 °C and with the 4% inoculum of the yeast culture. The Badachoni strain quantitatively produced more esters than the 24-6 strain. No strict correlation was found between the amount of esters and the organoleptic properties of the wines. The sample containing the most esters had the highest tasting score only in the variants of the 24-6 strain.
Effect of Microwave Frying on 3-MCPD and Glycidyl Ester Content of Potato Strips
Authors: Yorulmaz Aslı
Published: January 2023

The study aims to investigate the effect of microwave frying power and time on 3-MCPD and glycidyl ester contents of oils absorbed by fried potatoes. For this purpose, potato sticks were fried with three different refined vegetable oils (canola, corn, sunflower) at two power settings (350 W, 700 W) for two time periods (3 and 5 minutes). The fried potato oil samples were evaluated for their 3-MCPD and glycidyl ester content using alkali transesterification with DGF Standard Method C-VI 18 (10). Results have shown that microwave frying with different vegetable oils resulted in the formation of different 3-MCPD ester patterns. Microwave power and time did not change significantly the content of glycidyl ester s of potatoes fried with canola oil.
Onomastykon dla każdego — o modułowej strukturze artykułów hasłowych w serwisie Dolnoserbske mjenja | Niedersorbische Namen: O modułowej strukturze artykułów dotyczących pochodzenia nazw własnych w serwisie internetowym Dolnoserbske mjenja | Niedersorbische Namen
Authors: Zschieschang Christian
Published: January 2023

A large, diverse database on the Lower Sorbian language comprising several dictionaries, corpora etc. has already existed for several years. This database (www.dolnoserbski.de) is compiled, managed, and supplemented by the Sorbian Institute. It also includes proper names. After establishing detailed, practical information about the grammar of the names (declination), the goal of the next step was to include etymological information. Instead of a scholarly repository of the entire onomastic knowledge about Sorbian names, the aim was to create a bilingual (Lower Sorbian and German) information service for a broader public. However, this requires much more basic information than would be necessary for an onomastician. When, how, and why Sorbian names were coined has to be explained not just in general, but also in connection with individual names. This includes information about the reasons for names, the role of the various suffixes the names were created with, and so on. To compile this extensive information, which not only presents the etymology of the basic morphemes but also full explanations of names, specific text modules were developed for all phenomena and aspects concerning multiple names. For example, an article about one name consists of a specific text about this name along with several of the text modules dealing with, for instance, the suffix and the semantic group to which the name belongs. Furthermore, Lower Sorbian broadcasting contains a series featuring short explanations of Sorbian settlement names and surnames which runs partly in parallel with the above-mentioned database project.
PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE VERBAL AND NONVERBAL PRESENTATIONS IN THE ANIMATED CARTOON “HORRID HENRY”
Authors: Tkachenko Nataliya
Published: January 2023

The article accounts on the psycholinguistic semantics of the verbal and nonverbal children’s representations thus reflecting the everlasting problem of children upbringing. The animated cartoon “Horrid Henry” has not yet been chosen as the material for the polyparadigmal psycholingustic study of communication, comprising lexicosemantic, linguocognitive, pragmalinguistic and linguodidactic analyses. The cоmplex investigation of the collocation “Horrid Henry” comprised lexicosemantic, contextual and textual analyses. The object of the article is the dialogical speech in the children's animated cartoon television series “Horrid Henry. The subject matter of the research is the linguistic and conceptual semantics of the title “Horrid Henry”. The novelty of the research is represented both by the material and by the psycholinguistic functional paradigmal methods applied as psycholinguistic studies are inseparable from other branches of linguistics. The article is aimed at interpreting and classifying the motives of the child’s misbehavior in verbal and nonverbal psycho-semantic representations, The purpose of the article is reflecting the pluses and minuses of communication adults-children and their far-going influence on society. The key notion “horrid” forms the complex concept of subjective egotism that can be attributed to the child’s sub-consciousness and his search for the social recognition. The functional paradigm revealed the fact that it is useful activity rather than the parents’ instructions or adaptation to society that organizes the child’s mind and behavior. Thus, the title “Horid Henry” loses its semantic “horid”, revealing positive conceptual transformations.
EXPRESSIVE AND EVALUATIVE POTENTIAL OF IDIOMS OF GAMBLING IN SPANISH
Authors:   Kyiv National Linguistic University, Bobchynets Lyubov
Published: January 2023

The research paper is dedicated to functional analysis of the idioms of gambling in Contemporary Spanish. The studied phraseological units are frequently used in texts of news, in particular, in the titles. There are few cases of the use of Spanish lexicon of gambling as proper names: ergonyms and names of plates. The idioms of gambling in the Spanish language perform expressive and evaluative functions. The main method of our research is the contextual analysis which reveals positive or negative evaluation of people, situations and behavior, expressed by the idioms of gambling. The most part of phraseological units of gambling are used to characterize negatively politicians and their actions. The proverbs and sayings about gambling in Spanish express negative evaluation of the game which may cause addiction. According to the structure, the idioms of gambling are nominative, attributive and verbal word combinations. The proverbs and sayings about gambling are simple and compound sentences with rhyme and parallel structure. According to the origin, the studied idioms are international or borrowed from other languages, as the English borrowing "poker face", and national idioms which mainly refer to Spanish playing cards, as "echar un órdago", "cantar las cuarenta", etc. The future studies may be devoted to the search of right equivalents of translation of the Spanish idioms of gambling into Ukrainian and comparative linguistic and culture studies of Spanish and Ukrainian idioms of gambling.
LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC WAYS OF CONCEPT WAR VERBALIZING IN SPANISH JOURNALISTIC DISCOURSE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Drobiazko Anna
Published: January 2023

The article treats the investigation of the ways of linguistic foregrounding of the concept WAR, which, in connection with the tense socio-political events of the 21st century, occupies an important place in the consciousness of representatives of the Spanish-speaking society. In our opinion, further study of the ways of its understanding and interpretations in the mindset of each nation can be a significant contribution to the search for diplomatic ways of resolving armed conflicts all over the world. During the investigation we revealed the main ways of its representation in newspaper articles about Russian aggression against Georgia (2008) and Ukraine (2014, 2022). Texts of news feeds of Internet sources, Spanish-language periodicals and mass media were selected as material for analysis, as they best reflect the objective reality and represent an actual contemporary image of the war. Having considered the dictionary definitions of these lexemes-verbalizers, we investigated the conceptual component of the concept, examined the structural and semantic content of the concept. The contexts of the use of verbalizers were analyzed in order to determine the associative component, which helps to understand the attitude of producers and consumers of Spanish journalistic discourse towards this phenomenon. It has been established that the concept of WAR has an extensive nominative field and a wide range of interpretations depending on the context in which it is used.
Metaverse Teknolojisinin Gelecekte Turizm Sektörüne Olası Etkilerini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: ERCAN Fatih
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, uzman görüşlerinden hareketle metaverse teknolojisinin gelecekte turizm sektörü üzerindeki olası etkilerini tespit etmektir. Bu kapsamda nitel veri toplama tekniklerinden yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme kullanılarak 22 katılımcıdan birincil veriler elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra bu veriler, belirlenen tema ve alt temalar ışığında kodlanarak betimsel analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, turizmde en çok seyahat alanında, turist rehberliği mesleğinde, ek gelir sağlama olarak metaverse teknolojisinin etkilerinin görüleceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, gelecekte metaverse’ün turizm pazarlaması açısından en önemli potansiyel faydasının ön deneyim oluşturma olduğu ve ön deneyim ile güvenin turizmdeki gerçek satın alma davranışını etkileyen en önemli unsurlar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer bir bulguya göre, COVID-19 pandemisi turizm sektöründe metaverse teknolojisine uyum sürecini hızlandırmıştır. İlgili literatürde metaverse’ün turizm sektörüne etkilerine ilişkin birincil verilere dayalı çalışmaların sınırlı olması bu çalışmanın sonuçlarını önemli kılmakta ve özgün değerini artırmaktadır. Sosyal medyanın turizmde kullanılan en önemli dijital araç olması, turizmde gerçek satın alma davranışında metaverse’deki ön deneyim ve güven faktörlerinin etkili olması yönündeki bulgular mevcut literatürdeki çalışmaların sonuçlarıyla da benzerlik göstermektedir.
An Overview of Books Suggested for Research Methods at International Relations (IR) Postgraduate Degree Programmes in Turkey
Authors: GÖKÇE Emrah Utku
Published: January 2023

This study focuses on the core reading in research methods courses in International Relations (IR) postgraduate programmes in Turkey. The first section determines the core reading materials in the syllabi. In the second section, in order to thematically code these books, we create five categories: (1) General Research Methods, (2) Research Methods in Social Sciences (3) Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Research Methods, (4) Research Methods in Political Science (5) Research Methods in International Relations. The research was modelled/designed according to a case study conducted with a qualitative approach. The data collection method of the study is document review, while the chosen data analysis method is content analysis. The study analyses the contents of syllabi from 70 different module/course. Findings show that Social Sciences have the most methodology-related books with 37% of the books being relevant to research methods. Conversely, the study shows that this rate is at 1% for IR. The study concludes that discipline-specific method books are not chosen within the IR postgraduate programmes. Finally, the study recommends significant research methodology books to be included in the related IR syllabi.
İçerik Analizi Tekniği: İletişim Bilimlerinde ve Sosyolojide Doktora Tezlerinde Kullanımı
Authors: METİN Osman , ÜNAL Şükriye
Published: January 2023

İçerik analizi; nesnel, ölçülebilir, doğrulanabilir bilgilere ulaşmak amacıyla doküman, metin ve evrak gibi pek çok farklı materyali belli kurallar dahilinde (örnekleme, kodlama, kategori vs.) analiz etmeyi amaçlayan nitel araştırma yöntemi içerisinde yer alan bir tekniktir. Çalışmanın amacı sosyoloji ve iletişim bilimleri alanlarında içerik analizi tekniğinin anlaşılması ve uygulamasında ne tür benzerlik ve farklılıkların olduğunu belirlemektir. İçerik analizinin ne olduğu, hangi türlerinin bulunduğu, analizin tamamlanabilmesi için hangi aşamalardan geçilmesi gerektiği üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda iletişim bilimleri ve sosyoloji alanında içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak hazırlanan doktora tezlerinin yöntem bölümü içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak incelenmektedir. 2013-2021 yılları arasında sosyoloji ve iletişim bilimlerinde hazırlanan otuz iki doktora tezi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sosyoloji alanında sekiz doktora tezi, iletişim bilimleri alanında ise sekiz doktora tezi olmak üzere toplam on altı doktora tezi araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara bakıldığında iletişim bilimleri alanında hazırlanan tezlerin içerik analizini yardımcı bir teknik olarak kullanılmadığı, kategori ve kod oluşturmaya özen gösterildiği tespit edilmiştir. Sosyoloji alanında hazırlanan doktora tezlerinde ise içerik analizi tekniği çoğunlukla yardımcı bir teknik olarak kullanılmıştır.
Real Life Experience with Individualized Doses of Incobotulinumtoxina in Patients with Severe Spasticity Due to Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Al-nisr Maysa , Alguacil Noemi
Published: January 2023

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of incobotulinumtoxinA, at doses according to individual needs, in 10 patients with acquired brain injury and severe upper and lower limb spasticity. Patients received a multipattern periodic treatment with ultrasound-guided injections of incobotulinumtoxinA at doses of 800-900 U in the upper and lower limbs. The mean number of injection cycles per patient was 4.2. The 0-10 visual analogue scale for pain score decreased significantly from pre-injection (mean: 4.7) to four-week post-injection (mean: 0.7). Similarly, the mean Ashworth Scale score (muscular tone assessment) at four-week post-injection (mean: 1.4) was significantly lower than at injection (mean: 2.5). Except for two patients in one pattern, all cases showed an improvement in passive range of motion assessments using goniometry. All patients reported maximum satisfaction with the treatment, all reporting “much improved” after the treatment. No treatment-related adverse effects were observed during the study. Individualized doses of incobotulinumtoxinA are effective and well-tolerated for this type of patients and allow better management of their severe spasticity. Therefore, individualization of doses should be taken into account for optimizing clinical outcomes and improving the patients’ treatment satisfaction.
Experience with Thoracic EndoVascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) treatment of uncomplicated Stanford type B aortic dissection, 2022 Updates
Authors: Ali Amna , Khwaja Shamsuddin , Saavedra Jeffrey , Eckroth-Bernard Kamell , Javed Usman , Venugopal Chandrasekar , Reich Heidi , Hashimi Habiba , Araim Leheb , Stewart Robert , Wilkins Lisa , Janday Navjot , Calkins Alex , Lin John
Published: January 2023

There have been significant advances in the technique and application of endovascular repair of thoracic aortic pathology over the past 20 years. The Stanford type A and the complicated type B dissection patients require urgent/emergent intervention. In the last decade, earlier intervention has been pursued for uncomplicated type B dissections. The INvestigation of STent-grafts in Aortic Dissection (INSTEAD) Long term (XL) study showed that there was significant crossover from medical management to Thoracic EndoVascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) at year 3, suggesting TEVAR might benefit this population long term. Today, the application of TEVAR, which was initially designed to address aneurysmal disease, has become a standard and Food and Drug Administrative (FDA) approved management option in dissections. Currently there are four FDA approved TEVAR devices in the United States for the treatment of the thoracic dissections, namely Gore, Medtronic, Cook, and Terumo. With each iteration, there are increased opportunities for customization and widespread use in individualized patient’s pathology. As the technology improves and the feasibility of the grafts expands, the complication rates continue to decline cementing the safety and efficacy of these thoracic aortic grafts. Two rare but catastrophic complications in spinal ischemia and retrograde Stanford type A aortic dissection are further discussed. With the success of the TEVAR, a new frontier of hybrid aortic surgery has developed. The debranching of the aortic arch vessels in order to advance the TEVAR proximal landing zones has been aggressively pursued. With the widespread growth of TEVAR technology it is apparent that complex aortic pathology can be safely repaired endovascularly.  Article Details
Helicobacter pylori Immune Response in Children Versus Adults
Authors: Reyes Victor
Published: January 2023

pylori is perhaps the most prevalent human pathogen worldwide and infects almost half of the world's population. Despite the decreasing prevalence of infection overall, it is significant in developing countries. Most infections are acquired in childhood and persist for a lifetime unless treated. Children are often asymptomatic and often develop a tolerogenic immune response that includes T regulatory cells and their products, immunosuppressive cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). This contrasts to the gastric immune response seen in H. pylori-infected adults, where the response is mainly inflammatory, with predominant Th1 and Th17 cells, as well as, inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17. Therefore, compared to adults, infected children generally have limited gastric inflammation and peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori surreptitiously subverts immune defenses to persist in the human gastric mucosa for decades. The chronic infection might result in clinically significant diseases in adults, such as peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This review compares the infection in children and adults and highlights the H. pylori virulence mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis and immune evasion.
Turning the rationale of cattle rabies surveillance and control in Latin America: from rabies case to vampire bat aggression-based program
Authors: Dias Ricardo , Dornelas Mariana , Gonçalves Vitor
Published: January 2023

In Brazil and in most of the Latin America countries, the control of the cattle rabies relies upon the indiscriminate culling of the Desmodus rotundus inside a radius of 12 km around an outbreak. The culling is performed by applying warfarin paste in the back of the bats, in the hope that when it returns to its roost after foraging, its conspecifics would ingest the paste during social grooming and die of hemorrhage. This control approach is performed in absentia with the surveillance effort, since if bats die indiscriminately, the effects in the social structure of the colonies are unknown. It is believed that the indiscriminate culling helps the rabies virus spread among bats and consequently, the spillover to livestock. For this reason, any sampling effort in bats and even the identification of cattle rabies outbreaks transmitted by bats is useless to predict future outbreaks or even mitigate current outbreaks. Even though the tendency of the cattle rabies outbreaks is decreasing in Brazil, this should be carefully considered, since rabies surveillance efforts are heterogeneous and decreasing. Even so, the nationwide space-time cattle rabies outbreak shows a wave pattern, increasing the urge of the revision of the current surveillance and control actions. The present work proposes a new approach aiming at decreasing the spillover to livestock by incorporating ecological features of the D. rotundus, most importantly turning the surveillance-control rationale which is currently reactive to livestock rabies cases to a surveillance system reactive to changes in the incidence of vampire bat attacks on the livestock and selective bat population control. For example, estimating the roosts' carrying capacity and contact networks allows the interruption of rabies virus spread by reducing the bat population of target individuals in selected roosts or roost communities. Moreover, the terrain slope dependency of the bat foraging behavior allows to find more efficiently the roost from which bats are attacking a farm or conversely, to find attacked farms if an occupied bat roost is known. These practices could increase the efficiency of the surveillance and control and the cost-effectiveness of the current cattle rabies control program.
Flu, AIDS, and the Development of Intuitive Thinking about Disease
Authors: Sigelman Carol
Published: January 2023

Despite the importance for their health and well-being of children’s acquiring knowledge and understanding of disease, surprisingly little work has been done to compare children’s thinking about different diseases at different ages to determine whether and how thinking about familiar diseases shapes thinking about newly encountered diseases. The present study reports a new analysis of interviews with 156 children that were conducted in 1992, when AIDS represented a new and life-threatening but not well understood health threat. The aim was to compare thinking about the causality of a familiar disease, influenza, and a then-unfamiliar disease, AIDS, among third, fifth, and seventh graders. Comparisons of the two diseases and three grade levels focused on: (a) level of understanding based on cognitive-developmental theory and (b) three features defining children’s intuitive theories of disease (a biological ontology or vocabulary, causal propositions featuring an invisible germ or virus, and logical coherence). Scores on all four resulting summary measures and on all but one of eight causal propositions collectively constituting a scientific explanation of each disease, increased with age, with growth especially pronounced from third grade to fifth and seventh grades. Summary scores were moderately intercorrelated, both within each disease and across the two diseases. Folk beliefs about cold weather causing flu and casual contact causing AIDS declined with age. Levels of knowledge and understanding of the two diseases were more often similar than different. However, children’s thinking about flu was ahead of their thinking about AIDS in some respects, especially among the youngest children and especially with respect to symptomology. At the same time, exposure to information during the AIDS epidemic appeared to enable children describing AIDS causality to replace the generic term germ used for flu with the more specific term virus and to better understand that a person must have a disease or its pathogen to transmit it, that the causal agent for a disease is disease-specific, and that the body resists germs and viruses. Implications for better understanding the development of disease concepts and filling gaps in children’s knowledge and understanding in the era of COVID-19 are discussed.
Popular Beverages Stimulate Oropharyngeal and Gut Receptors Eliciting Modulation of the Upper Digestive Processes
Authors: McMullen Michael
Published: January 2023

This paper reports clinical studies on the effect of agonists of taste and chemethesis receptors in the oropharyngeal cavity and the gut. The peripheral nerve system plays a vital role in our selection or rejection of what we eat and drink. Although the degree to which it is hard-wired has not been determined, it is known that our food and drink choices change with age. Scientific studies on the impact of food and drink on the body have been concerned predominantly with nutritional factors and, more recently, impacts on cholesterol and blood sugar levels. On the other hand, the sensations we experience during eating and drinking have long been regarded, perhaps even dismissed, as purely hedonistic. The idea that foods and drinks may actually influence digestion is a novel one and is based on the discovery 20 years ago of taste buds, innervated by the vagi, in stomach and intestinal tissues. Studies indicate some of our most popular drinks modulate both postprandial hyperaemia and gastric emptying. It is proposed that the bitter taste experienced with some foods and drinks promotes increased blood flow to the splanchnic circulation and slows the flow of chyme to the small intestine. In cases of toxicity, these actions promote emesis whereas at non-toxic levels, bitter substances promote digestion by increasing postprandial hyperaemia and slowing gastric emptying. Additionally, chemethesis agonists can act on the oropharyngeal receptors resulting in a slower gastric emptying. These effects may lead to a learned behaviour and subsequent enjoyment of bitter tastants, rather than their rejection, amongst those with reduced digestive capacity. It provides a rationale for the popularity of certain bitter tasting aperitifs and digestive alcoholic beverages originating in southern Europe.
Immune Dysfunction as Measured by Lymphocytopenia, Minimal Residual Disease and Outcome after Radical Prostatectomy for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Murray Nigel , Aedo Socrates , Fuentealba Cynthia , Reyes Eduardo , Salazar Anibal
Published: January 2023

Background: An intact immune function may be important in eliminating or maintaining minimal residual disease latent. Objective: Use the absolute lymphocyte count as an immune biomarker, determine its association with minimal residual disease and relation with biochemical failure. Design, setting, and participants: prospective observational single centre study in men treated by radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. One month after surgery blood and bone samples were taken to detect circulating prostate cells and micro-metastasis. A total of 404 men were enrolled, at each follow up time total PSA, ALC and CPC presence/absence were determined.  Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: observed times to biochemical failure (Kaplan-Meier) and restricted mean biochemical failure free survival times were assessed, changes in the absolute lymphocyte count and the presence/absence of circulating prostate cells were determined during follow-up and association with biochemical failure. Results and Limitations: 404 men participated; 182 were minimal residual disease negative (Group A), 80 had only micro-metastasis (Group B) and 142 were circulating prostate cell positive (Group C); 175 men underwent biochemical failure, Group C were at high risk of early failure, Group B of late failure. One month post-surgery Group C men had lower absolute lymphocyte counts, compared to Groups A and B. During follow-up men with stable absolute lymphocyte counts did not relapse, a decreasing absolute lymphocyte count was associated with relapse within 18 months and the appearance of circulating prostate cells in the blood. After five years the absolute lymphocyte count decreased in Group B patients. A low absolute lymphocyte count one-month post-surgery or a decrease during follow-up was associated with an increased risk of treatment failure. Conclusions: the absolute lymphocyte count is an important prognostic factor, it may change with time, a decrease is associated with pending biochemical failure and later appearance of circulating prostate cells.
Systemic Factors in Organisational Failures: A Review of some recent high-profile cases
Authors: Slater David , Ale Ben
Published: January 2023

This paper explores the various options for organisational structures by examining some high-profile incidents in the light of a number of theories that have been put forward to explain behaviours. On first inspection, it might be concluded that a common theme emerging from studying the results of such organisational behaviours might be the slavish conformance to “acceptable” or expected “institutionalised” structures which stipulate impenetrable layers of middle management between the “sharp end” teams and the responsible executives and their governing Boards. This so called “clay layer” has been highlighted as a major factor in high profile incidents such as Challenger, Columbia, Chernobyl, Longford, Macondo blow out and many others . However, on closer examination, there are other examples of corporate failures, (such as the Post Office computerisation scandal) which suggest that the “clay layer” in fact serves another purpose; to allow credible “deniability” for the controlling minds in difficult areas. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 maintains that the” person who was the 'controlling mind' of the organisation is personally responsible for the offence. This paper sets out to scrutinise whether these are borne out in practice. and urges that the design and application of organisational structures should be tailored to effective and ethical operation.
Thrombocytopenia in Critical Care Unit: Risk Factors, Etiologies, and Management
Authors: Bou-ouhrich Yassine , Charra Boubaker
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Thrombocytopenia is a platelet count below 150,000/mm3. It is a frequent abnormality in critically ill patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study which included 603 patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit in the Ibn Rochd university hospital of Casablanca over a two years period, from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. The aim of the study is to point out the incidence, risk factors, etiologies, therapeutic modalities, as well as the morbidity and mortality related to thrombocytopenia in critical care. Results: During the study period, and out of these 603 patients, 168 patients had thrombocytopenia, that is an incidence of 27.8%; 38 patients among them were admitted with an already ongoing thrombocytopenia. Sepsis, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, renal failure, hemodialysis, and liver dysfunction were risk factors of thrombocytopenia and predictors of mortality. Thrombocytopenia was a factor of increased mortality, the percentage of death was higher in the thrombocytopenic group compared with the non-thrombocytopenic group with a rate of 42.26%. However, it was not an independent factor of mortality. Conclusion: Sepsis is the major factor incriminated in the occurrence of thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients. Therapeutic management including platelet transfusion should depend on the etiology of thrombocytopenia along with the associated hemorrhagic risk.
Does the Sleman Chili Auction Market Affect the Local, Regional and National Market Prices in Indonesia?
Authors: Jamhari Jamhari , Nasir Muh Amat , Nugroho Agus Dwi , Ismiasih Ismiasih , Yonekura Hitoshi
Published: January 2023

Promoting the horticultural auction market as an alternative outlet is becoming more popular. The horticultural auction market has some benefits, such as reducing price volatility and controlling inflation. This research used a case study in Sleman Regency, which established a horticultural auction market to manage volatile chili prices. The daily price data with ECM-GARCH analysis was used to investigate market integration between the Sleman chili auction market and other markets. The result showed that the Sleman auction market had a beneficial impact on the price decline in the local markets. This impact indicated that the auction market controls inflation at the regional level. However, only 5% to 13% of daily variations of the long-term equilibrium of the auction market to other markets were adjusted. There was information efficiency of the chili prices in Indonesia based on the GARCH model. This study proves that auction markets promote control of macro inflation. This study was the first to manage horticultural product price risk from a chili auction market perspective. Moreover, the model applied in this study expands the ECM-GARCH model to improve the validity of an ECM's significance tests and the efficiency of standard ECM parameter estimation.
The neglected role of technology in quality of care crisis
Authors: Babaii Saeedeh , Monajemi Alireza
Published: January 2023

The quality of care crisis (QCC) is one of the most crucial crises the modern medicine is confronting, as the existential and psychological needs of patients have not been addressed and satisfied. Several attempts have been made to find solutions for QCC, e.g., the Marcum's recommendation to make physicians virtuous. Most of the existing formulations for the QCC have regarded technology as one of the causes of this crisis and not part of its solution.
Although the authors agree with the role of technology in creatingthe crisis of care to some extent, in this article we try to present thecrisis of care so that medical technology is an important part of itssolution. For this purpose, we analyzed QCC from the philosophicalperspectives of Husserl and Borgmann and put forward a novelproposal to take account of technology in QCC. In the first step, itis discussed that the role of technology in causing the crisis of careis due to the gap between the techno-scientific world and the life-world of the patients. This formulation shows that the crisis-causing role of technology is not inherent. In the second step, it is tried to find a way to integrate technology into the solution to the crisis. In the proposed reframing, designing and applying technologies based on focal things and practices make it possible to develop technologies that are caring and are able to mitigate QCC.
Development of Thalassemia Medication Questionnaire (TMQ): An Instrument for Measuring Major Thalassemia Patients’ Knowledge and Practice Regarding their Medications
Authors: Azarkeivan Azita , Mohammadnezhad Ghader , Esmaily Hadi
Published: January 2023

Background: Thalassemia is a congenital disease and Iran is as one of the countries in the thalassemia belt. It has a huge burden in Iranian national health budget. The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire to assess the knowledge and practice of thalassemia patients toward their medications.
Methods: This is a methodological research, which was done from April 2020 to November 2021 in Tehran, Iran, To develop a valid and reliable instrument for measuring major thalassemia patients’ knowledge and practice regarding their medications, a questionnaire based on three iron chelating medications (deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox) developed. This process done by holding several expert panel meetings. This questionnaire was consisting of some aspects such as: administration, self-monitoring, miss dose, common interactions, and adverse events. Content validity index (CVI) and internal consistency and reliability were calculated.
Results: The CVI was as 0.76 for deferoxamine, 0.80 deferiprone and 0.88 for deferasirox questionnaire. Further analysis for internal consistency demonstrated satisfactory results with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.743 to 0.781. Results showed Thalassemia Medication Questionnaire (TMQ) demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability for application.
Conclusion: It was concluded that TMQ could be a useful instrument to measure knowledge and practice about iron chelation therapy. The reason is the diverse range of questions and the simplicity, validity, reliability, and the practicability.
Deprescribing in Patients of Hypothyroidism Results in Better Health Outcome: A Case Series
Authors: Mishra Prashant , Bhargava Shashikant
Published: January 2023

Appropriate levothyroxine (LT4) dosing is essential in hypothyroid patients to maintain biochemical and clinical euthyroidism, but achieving appropriate plasma concentration of LT4 can be complicated by numerous disease states, foods, supplements, and commonly prescribed medications such as calcium supplements, pantoprazole etc. that potentially interfere with intestinal LT4 absorption. About one-third of treated patients are not receiving adequate treatment, leading to decreased quality of life, increased morbidity, and even increased mortality. Hypothyroid patients treated with LT4 must be careful to avoid concomitant ingestion of such medicines or optimal gap must be ensured between ingestions to prevent drug-drug interactions and reduce absorption of LT4. We describe two such real life cases managed in our clinical pharmacology consultation facility to highlight the importance of systematically evaluating the drug-drug interactions of levothyroxine with commonly used concomitant medications and how deprescribing of the same can result in attainment of optimum thyroid replacement with lesser doses of LT4 with better patient outcome.
Cinema, Matemática e Educação: um diálogo possível
Authors: Di Santo Marcella Suarez , Silva Matheus Dos Santos
Published: January 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura acerca do cinema, matemática e educação. Tem por objetivo ampliar as possibilidades da educação matemática a partir da inserção do cinema no debate da matemática. É parte dos resultados de um trabalho de conclusão de curso e se desenvolve a partir da abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa com metodologia de levantamento bibliográfico acerca dos temas elencados. Ao longo da pesquisa, identificamos a baixa produção acadêmica de educação matemática e cinema em revistas científicas brasileiras e, portanto, propusemos apresentar uma abordagem de cinema, matemática e educação que possibilite, incentive e estimule os professores de matemática a incluir o cinema como uma linguagem, para além de recurso didático, na sala de aula da matemática da educação básica. Os resultados do levantamento bibliográfico apontam a riqueza e as possibilidades de diálogos entre cinema e educação matemática, sem deixar de mencionar a educação como um todo. Por se tratar de uma linguagem que produz e é produzida culturalmente, o cinema se apresenta como mais uma possibilidade de diálogo do mundo concreto e do conhecimento matemático.
O FNO na região amazônica de Carajás: aprofundando o caráter primário e deletério da economia regional
Authors: Gumiero Rafael Gonçalves
Published: January 2023

Os investimentos federais na Amazônia brasileira foram grandemente ampliados nos anos 1950 em decorrência de iniciativas da Superintendência do Plano de Valorização Econômica da Amazônia (SPVEA), sucedidas pelas da Superintendência de Desenvolvimento da Amazônia (Sudam), nos anos 1960. Posteriormente, os Fundos Constitucionais de Financiamento, a partir de 1989, são tomados como alternativas para investimentos em projetos na região. Este artigo apresenta a distribuição do balanço do Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Norte (FNO) para a Amazônia, nos anos 2008 até 2020, com enfoque nos municípios que compõem a região de Carajás. Os movimentos para essa análise envolveram: a realização de balanço dos investimentos realizados, executados e praticados pelo FNO na região de Carajás e a identificação das atividades produtivas às quais os investimentos do FNO foram direcionados em Carajás. Os resultados demonstram que os investimentos contribuíram para aprofundar o caráter primário e deletério da economia dessa região, já que priorizaram as atividades rurais, com ênfase na pecuária bovina.
Ajuste espacial e temporal na Amazônia: reflexões sobre fronteira do capital e des-re-configurações territoriais
Authors: Michelotti Fernando , Nascimento Humberto Miranda do , Gomes Júnior Evaldo
Published: January 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir criticamente sobre a tensão entre as configurações territoriais predominantes e alternativas no espaço regional da Amazônia brasileira. Partindo da abordagem de Harvey (2005) sobre a relação entre ajuste temporal e espacial, discute-se a produção capitalista do espaço periférico por meio de um fenômeno específico: a expansão da fronteira do capital na Amazônia. Assim, tomando como base as antigas áreas pertencentes aos municípios de Marabá, Conceição do Araguaia e São Félix do Xingu, primeiro, busca-se revelar a permanência do contínuo movimento da fronteira na mesorregião do Sudeste do Pará, e, em segundo, relacioná-lo ao enfrentamento à produção capitalista do espaço mediante a territorialização de sujeitos não hegemônicos.
A Amazônia em páginas impressas: a Série Realidade Brasileira da Folha de São Paulo
Authors: Salgueiro Eduardo De Melo
Published: January 2023

No curso das décadas de 1960 e 1970, a região amazônica foi alvo de grandes projetos empreendidos pelo Estado brasileiro, em parceria com a iniciativa privada. Os projetos desenvolvimentistas pretendiam impulsionar o “progresso” e o “desenvolvimento” daquela região, dentro da dinâmica capitalista de produção. Nesse sentido, analisa-se neste texto como um Suplemento Especial, publicado pelo jornal paulista Folha de S. Paulo, intitulado Série Realidade Brasileira, tratou de fazer um diagnóstico da situação em que se encontrava a Amazônia, visando à proposição de projetos em favor da efetivação das relações capitalistas na região. Para fazer tal análise, utilizarei como principal referencial teórico o conceito de representação, pensado por Roger Chartier, uma vez que a imposição das visões de mundo imprimidas pelo periódico pode ser compreendida a partir desse horizonte conceitual.