bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analytical review on interfacial reactions in high-temperature die-attach: the insights into the effect of surface metallization and filler materials
Authors: Liu Canyu , Liu Changqing
Published: January 2025

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of interfacial reactions and the impact of surface metallization in high-temperature die-attach, which is critical for ensuring the reliability of interconnects and joints in power electronic module packaging and integration. With the emergence of high-temperature filler materials, distinctive features in interfacial interactions and microstructural evolution arise, necessitating detailed examination to select suitable surface finishes based on the filler metals and specific applications. Metallization does not always enhance joint quality and reliability, so cost-effectiveness and manufacturability must also be considered when metallization is deemed viable. The formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during interfacial reactions is particularly important, although solid solution formation at interfaces also warrants attention. This review evaluates five commonly used high-temperature metal solder fillers—high-Pb solder, Au-based solder, Bi-Ag solder, Zn-Al solder, and nano Ag paste—focusing on their interactions with various metallized surfaces in die-attach bonding. The effects of metallization on interfacial reactions and bond formation are discussed, leading to recommendations for cost-effective and reliable metallizations suitable for these applications.
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté : un terroir fertile pour l’innovation en Optique et en Photonique
Authors: Courvoisier François , Cluzel Benoît
Published: January 2025

Mieux connue pour ses grandes filières dans l’agroalimentaire, le luxe, l’automobile, l’énergie, la santé et les microtechniques, la Bourgogne-Franche-Comté abrite également un écosystème dynamique en optique et photonique, fruit d’une longue tradition de recherche et d’innovation. Cette région a su développer des compétences de pointe en s’appuyant sur des laboratoires de recherche reconnus internationalement, et a créé des acteurs industriels de l’optique et des lasers de premier plan.
De la détection des ondes gravitationnelles à l’optomécanique quantique
Authors: Cohadon Pierre-François , Croquette Michaël , Jacquet Pierre-Edouard
Published: January 2025

Les fluctuations quantiques de la lumière limitent de façon fondamentale la sensibilité des interféromètres gravitationnels. Ce domaine a ainsi été moteur pour le développement des techniques de squeezing. Parallèlement, les progrès en nano- ou microfabrication ont permis l’émergence d’un nouveau domaine, l’optomécanique quantique, qui s’intéresse au couplage de résonateurs mécaniques mésoscopiques à la lumière, avec des applications en métrologie, mais aussi en information quantique ou en physique fondamentale.
Nano-oscillateur électro-optomécanique à boucle fermée pour la photonique micro-onde intégrée
Authors: Ghorbel Inès , de Rossi Alfredo , Combrie Sylvain , Braive Rémy
Published: January 2025

La forte interaction optomécanique au sein d’une nanostructure intégrée sur un circuit photonique permet la génération d’oscillation directement aux fréquences GHz sur une porteuse optique. L’ajout d’une boucle de rétroaction opto-électro-mécanique renforce la stabilité court terme de l’oscillateur.
Vers une éducation thérapeutique salutogénique au profit du parcours de vie des personnes autistes : une recherche « par, pour et avec » la communauté autiste
Authors: Durand-Larrieux Christelle , Larrieux Sébastien , Rebel Lucas , Gross Olivia
Published: January 2025

Introduction : Depuis 2021, l’ETP est officiellement inscrite dans le parcours de soins des personnes autistes, et des programmes se développent progressivement sur le territoire national. Objectifs : Afin de contribuer à une réflexion sur des objectifs d’éducation à visée salutogénique, permettant de soutenir les capabilités individuelles et collectives des personnes adultes autistes, nous avons tenté de définir leurs besoins éducatifs. Méthodes : Une étude descriptive « portée par » la communauté autiste a été menée sous forme de focus groups auprès de vingt et une personnes volontaires, toutes membres de Groupes d’Entraide Mutuelle Autisme situés en Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Résultats : En appliquant l’approche des capabilités de Martha Nussbaum, huit domaines au sein desquels les personnes autistes rencontrent des obstacles à une vie épanouie, ont été mis en exergue. De multiples besoins ont été identifiés desquels ont été dégagés des besoins éducatifs. Ces derniers concernent la construction identitaire, la normativité de santé, le parcours de soins, la relation avec les soignant · e · s, la gestion de vie, les interactions sociales et la démocratisation de l’autisme. Discussion : Une éducation capabilitante combinant ETP et éducation salutogénique, apparaîtrait pertinente pour améliorer le parcours de vie du public autiste. Conclusion : Cette étude communautaire a permis d’identifier des besoins éducatifs sous une nouvelle perspective, suggérant de développer les capabilités des personnes autistes au sein de l’ETP.
Intraoperative Patellar Tendon Injuries during Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comprehensive Review of Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management Strategies
Authors: Offord Evan , Njoku Innocent , Huffman Nickelas , Pasqualini Ignacio , Krebs Viktor E. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Deren Matthew E.
Published: January 2025

Patellar tendon rupture (PTR) is a rare and severe postoperative complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Even rarer is the intraoperative occurrence of PTR during TKA. PTR is a major complication as it can lead to chronic disability, functional limitations, and postoperative morbidity. Therefore, surgical repair of the intraoperative PTR is typically pursued through one of the following three methods: (i) primary repair with direct suturing; (ii) direct suturing with cerclage augmentation, and (iii) direct suturing with either autograft or synthetic graft augmentation. In the case of an incomplete tear, direct repair with suture anchors for distal tears, and end-to-end repair with/without synthetic graft augmentation for mid-substance and proximal tears, is recommended. In the case of complete tears, if adequate tissue is present, direct repair with extensor mechanism reconstruction should be performed, regardless of the location of the tear. Furthermore, for complete tears with defective tissue, extensor mechanism reconstruction should be performed using mesh or allograft augmentation, regardless of the location of the tear. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and thorough overview of the prevention, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of intraoperative extensor mechanism injuries during TKA.
Countering populism through emotive transformation: political performances during Taiwan’s 2021 COVID outbreak
Authors: Lo Ming-Cheng M. , Hsieh Shinyi
Published: January 2025

Scholars have analyzed how structural forces and cultural factors contribute to populism, but relatively little research has been devoted to documenting or theorizing counter-populism. This study asks: how does counter-populist performance become successful? We engage the literatures of populism, political performance, and hope, and conduct a case study of the 2021 COVID outbreak in Taiwan. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of 313 newspaper reports, we find that the Taiwanese government’s counter-populist efforts succeeded through transforming an emotive context of anger into one featuring hope—a process we term “emotive transformation.” We identify three facilitating mechanisms: the enactment of key elements of hope (agency, valid pathways, support from allies, and tangible outcomes); the timely inclusion of bipartisan or nonpartisan participants; and strong collective effervescence. Our study contributes to theorizing counter-populism and helps address the “Atlantic bias” in studies of populism.
Bridges across regions: the effects of Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific cooperation on European security architectures
Authors: Grgić Gorana
Published: January 2025

This article examines the evolving landscape of European security cooperation with partners outside the Euro-Atlantic theater, focusing on the Indo-Pacific region. Prior to Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, European threat assessments prompted a re-evaluation of security policies, highlighting the importance of partnerships with like-minded countries. This shift has introduced complexities in European security dynamics, including updated bilateral engagements, novel minilateral formats, and some revisions to multilateral cooperation. This article critically assesses who, how, and in what way is organizing these new and updated security partnerships. Focusing on the phenomenon of cross-regional cooperation, the article examines fundamental questions related to the organization of European security. First, the article investigates the beneficiaries of European security initiatives (who benefits) and the extent to which European actors have a clear vision for such engagements. Namely, whether they have been acting as architects, bricoleurs, agnostics, or spoilers. It also examines the mechanisms employed to ensure security and identifies the threats targeted by these measures (how), particularly regarding collaboration among multiple revisionist states. Lastly, the article explores how existing and newly formed cooperation modes impact European security architecture (in what way), arguing that some contribute to the existing “shopping malls” and others to the “tree houses.”
Modeling correlated-noise in silicon spin qubit device
Authors: Cheng Guoting , Guo Jing
Published: January 2025

Silicon-based spin qubit platform is a promising candidate for the hardware realization of quantum computing. Charge noise, however, plays a critical role in limiting the fidelity and scalability of silicon-based quantum computing technologies. This work presents Green’s transfer function approach to simulate the correlated noise power spectral density (PSD) in silicon spin qubit devices. The simulation approach relates the dynamics of the charge noise source of two-level fluctuators (TLFs) to the correlated noise of spin qubit device characteristics through a transfer function. It allows the noise auto-correlation and cross correlation between any pairs of physical quantities of interest to be systematically computed and analyzed. Because each spin qubit device involves only a small number of TLFs due to its nanoscale device size, the distribution of TLFs impacts the noise correlation significantly. In both a two-qubit quantum gate and a spin qubit array device, the charge noise shows strong cross correlation between neighboring qubits. The simulation results also reveal a phase-flipping feature of the noise cross-PSD between neighboring spin qubits, consistent with a recent experiment.
Biotechnological melanin synthesized from tyrosine vs other precursors significantly affects its electrochemical response
Authors: Sayago J. , Martinez L. M. , Hernández G. , Gosset G.
Published: January 2025

Melanin is a natural black-brown pigment found in animals, plants, bacteria, and human body. In its solid state, it conducts electric charge, shows photoconductivity, switches between high and low resistive states, and under certain conditions retains electric charge. The formation of melanin thin films is a prerequisite for many electronic applications, i.e., biocompatible electronics and biocompatible batteries, although it has been difficult to properly deposit high quality melanin electrodes due to its low solubility and low thermal stability. We discovered that synthetic melanin derivatives result in electrochemically active films with different electrochemical response profiles. These results aim toward the effective use of melanin thin-films for potential applications in organic biocompatible electronics.
Optimization of fin-slanted angles for enhanced electrical performance in lateral β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs
Authors: Xu Haiwen , Zhang Jishen , Gong Xiao
Published: January 2025

In this work, the influence of fin-slanted angles (α) on the electrical performance of lateral β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs was investigated through a combination of experiments and Sentaurus TCAD simulations. The fin-slanted devices demonstrated enhancement-mode characteristics with an on/off ratio of around 107. The increment in α resulted in improved drain-to-source current (IDS) and extrinsic transconductance (Gm). The voltage-blocking performance also showed significant enhancement with increasing α due to the mitigation of edge crowding, achieving a 40% increase in the breakdown voltage (VBR) for devices with an α of 15° and gate-to-drain length (LGD) of 10 μm. A detailed simulation analysis of the electric field distribution within the fin at the gate electrode edge identified an optimal α of approximately 25°, which effectively mitigates electric field crowding and has the potential to enhance the DC performance of the MOSFETs. These findings highlight the critical role of fin-slanted angle optimization in advancing the performance of lateral β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs, positioning them as promising candidates for next-generation power electronics.
A low-dissipation numerical method based on boundary variation diminishing principle for compressible gas–liquid two-phase flows with phase change on unstructured grid
Authors: Wakimura Hiro , Aoki Takayuki , Xiao Feng
Published: January 2025

A low-dissipation numerical method for compressible gas–liquid two-phase flow with phase change on unstructured grids is proposed. The governing equations adopt the six-equation model. The non-conservative terms included in the volume fraction and total energy equations of the six-equation model are defined on cell boundaries using second-order accurate approximations and calculated without interpolating the spatial derivatives. To capture discontinuities such as contact discontinuities and gas–liquid interfaces with low dissipation, the Monotone Upstream-centered Schemes for Conservation Laws (MUSCL)-Tangent Hyperbola for INterface Capturing method with Quadratic surface representation and Gaussian Quadrature (THINC/QQ)-boundary variation diminishing (BVD) scheme, which combines the MUSCL method and the THINC/QQ method, is employed. The MUSCL method is one of the mainstream numerical solvers for compressible flows, achieving second-order accuracy for smooth solutions, but it introduces excessive numerical dissipation errors near discontinuous solutions. The THINC/QQ method uses a reconstruction function developed for interface capturing on unstructured grids, making use of a sigmoidal function with a quadratic surface. By combining these reconstruction functions according to the BVD principle, the MUSCL method is selected for smooth solutions, while the THINC/QQ method is chosen for discontinuous solutions, preserving the solution structure accurately. Several benchmark tests are solved, demonstrating that the MUSCL-THINC/QQ-BVD scheme not only captures contact discontinuities with low dissipation but also resolves dynamically generated gas–liquid interfaces due to phase changes clearly.
Phase-field-based regularized lattice Boltzmann method for axisymmetric two-phase electrohydrodynamic flow
Authors: Zhu Yuqi , Zhang Shiting , Hu Yang , He Qiang , Li Decai
Published: January 2025

In this study, a phase-field-based regularized lattice Boltzmann method is proposed to solve axisymmetric two-phase electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow problems. Three regularized lattice Boltzmann equations are formulated to solve the axisymmetric electric scalar potential equation, the axisymmetric conservation form of the Allen–Cahn phase field equation, and the axisymmetric velocity-based Navier–Stokes equation, respectively. Both the perfect dielectric model and the leaky dielectric model are considered. The accuracy and stability of the proposed regularized lattice Boltzmann model are evaluated through several numerical examples in axisymmetric geometries, including static droplet tests, EHD droplet deformation, EHD Rayleigh–Taylor instability, EHD Rayleigh–Plateau instability, and ionic liquid ferrofluid droplet spreading. The numerical results are in good agreement with existing analytical, experimental, and numerical data. The findings indicate that the presence of the electric field significantly influences the two-phase flow dynamics. For the leaky dielectric model when the conductivity ratio is less than the permittivity ratio, the EHD flow deforms perpendicular to the direction of the electric field. In contrast, in other cases, the EHD flow deforms along the direction of the electric field. In most scenarios, the electric field intensifies the evolution of the two-phase interface and induces complex interfacial hydrodynamic behaviors.
Modulation of flux-closure polar state for enhanced storage unit and thermal conductivity via dual-probe excitation
Authors: Luo S. S. , Hu S. W. , Shan D. L. , Liu Y. Y. , Lei C. H. , Pan K.
Published: January 2025

Ferroelectric topological structures have broad application prospects for high-density information storage for long-term data retention via topological protection. However, the high-density memory component might generate tremendous power consumption, causing the failure of ferroelectric devices due to the severe thermal effect. There remains an emergent issue on the synchronous achievement of high-density data storage with the decreasing influences of the thermal effects in ferroelectric topological domain structures. Here, we introduce dual-probe excitation to control the symmetry of the electric field and integrate the phase field simulation for modulating the flux-closure ferroelectric domain configuration to simultaneously improve the memory storage unit and thermal conductivity at the nanoscale in PbTiO3 thin film under a piezoresponse force microscopy experiment. It is found that the grown flux-closure polar state in both in-plane directions encourages us to enhance the storage density during dual-probe excitation in topological ferroelectric memory devices. Moreover, the increased number of flux-closure polar states and the decreased density of the domain walls can be obtained by using dual-probe excitation. Finally, we figured out that both the double-staircase-like and paddle-like domain configurations exhibit large storage units and effective thermal conductivity simultaneously under dual-probe excitation. Our study gives a guideline to synchronously improve storage performance and thermal conductivity through multiple-probe excitations in topological ferroelectric materials and devices.
Electronic band evolution between Lieb and kagome nanoribbons
Authors: Uchôa E S , Lima W P , Sena S H R , Chaves A J C , Pereira Jr J M , da Costa D R
Published: January 2025

We investigate the electronic properties of nanoribbons made out of monolayer Lieb, transition, and kagome lattices using the tight-binding model with a generic Hamiltonian. It allows us to map the evolutionary stages of the interconvertibility process between Lieb and kagome nanoribbons by means of only one control parameter. Results for the energy spectra, the density of states, and spatial probability density distributions are discussed for nanoribbons with three types of edges: straight, bearded, and asymmetric. We explore for different nanoribbon terminations: (i) the semiconductor-metallic transition due to the interconvertibility of the Lieb and kagome lattices, (ii) the effect of both nanoribbon width and inclusion of the next-nearest-neighbor hopping term on the degeneracy of the quasi-flat states, (iii) the behavior of the energy gap versus the nanoribbon width, (iv) the existence and evolution of edge states, and (v) the nodal spatial distributions of the total probability densities of the non-dispersive states.
An

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-plug-and-play approach for MPI using a zero shot denoiser with evaluation on the 3D open MPI dataset
Authors: Gapyak Vladyslav , Rentschler Corinna Erika , März Thomas , Weinmann Andreas
Published: January 2025

Objective. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging medical imaging modality which has gained increasing interest in recent years. Among the benefits of MPI are its high temporal resolution, and that the technique does not expose the specimen to any kind of ionizing radiation. It is based on the non-linear response of magnetic nanoparticles to an applied magnetic field. From the electric signal measured in receive coils, the particle concentration has to be reconstructed. Due to the ill-posedness of the reconstruction problem, various regularization methods have been proposed for reconstruction ranging from early stopping methods, via classical Tikhonov regularization and iterative methods to modern machine learning approaches. In this work, we contribute to the latter class: we propose a Plug-and-Play approach based on a generic zero-shot denoiser with an

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-prior. Approach. We validate the reconstruction parameters of the method on a hybrid dataset and compare it with the baseline Tikhonov, ART, DIP and the previous PP-MPI, which is a Plug-and-Play method with denoiser trained on MPI-friendly data. Main results. We derive a Plug-and-Play reconstruction method based on a generic zero-shot denoiser. Addressing (hyper)parameter selection, we perform an extended parameter search on a hybrid validation dataset we produced and apply the derived parameters for reconstruction on the 3D Open MPI Dataset. We offer a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the zero-shot Plug-and-Play approach on the 3D Open MPI dataset with the validated parameters. Moreover, we show the quality of the approach with different levels of preprocessing of the data. Significance. The proposed method employs a zero-shot denoiser which has not been trained for the MPI reconstruction task and therefore saves the cost for training. Moreover, it offers a method that can be potentially applied in future MPI contexts.
Modal analysis of Doppler shift and strain time histories extracted from distributed fiber optic sensing data
Authors: Brewick Patrick T , Peña Francisco , Parker Allen R , Chan Hon M
Published: January 2025

While fiber optic sensing systems (FOSS) operate through a variety of technologies, optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) has emerged as a means for distributed sensing, wherein a single fiber contains hundreds to thousands of sensing points along its length. Currently, most OFDR distributed sensing focuses on strain sensing; however, prior to deriving strain information, the changes in the carrier frequency of optical gratings can also be monitored. These changes in carrier frequency register as Doppler shifts, and this study explores treating these shifts like dynamic signals, e.g. time histories. Further, this study demonstrates that the Doppler shift time histories contain modal information distinct from strain measurements that can be similarly extracted through traditional modal analysis. Using experimental data from modal testing of a cantilevered plate, frequency-based modal identification is performed on both strain and Doppler shift time histories recovered from an OFDR-based distributed FOSS. The results reveal that Doppler shift time histories yield estimates of the slope mode shapes, as opposed to the strain mode shapes produced by the strain time histories, which can be used to recover displacement mode shapes through numerical integration. In addition, comparisons between the dynamic signals show that the Doppler shift time histories provide a greater number of identifiable modes with higher correlations to reference mode shapes than strain measurements.
Thermoelectrics in alkaline earth metal tellurides of ATe2 type - A first-principles study
Authors: Manjula M , Muthumari M , Viswanathan E
Published: January 2025

We report an extensive study on the structural and thermoelectric performance of the novel semiconducting binary type ATe2 (A = Mg,Be,Ca,Sr,Ba) earth abundant materials using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. The PBE-GGA exchange correlation potential method was used for electronic structure calculations within the framework of density functional theory. The structural stability of the materials was confirmed by ground state energy, formation energy and mechanical responses. The calculated lattice constants, energy band structures and density of states explain the nature of the materials and are agreed with previous experimental and theoretical works. According to our calculated results, we revealed a high figure of merit materials are CaTe2 and SrTe2 due to high Seebeck and electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity values. Additionally, Slack’s equation was utilized to obtain low lattice thermal conductivity values. Our findings will serve as theoretical guidelines for future experimental and industrial applications both in cooling and heating.
Riemann–Hilbert approach to the higher-order Kaup-Newell equation on the half line
Authors: Yu 于 Hui 慧 , Zhang 张 Ning 宁
Published: January 2025

The higher-order Kaup–Newell equation is examined by applying the Fokas unified method on the half-line. We demonstrate that the solution can be expressed in relation to the resolution of the Riemann–Hilbert problem. The jump matrix for this problem is derived from the spectral matrix, which is calculated based on both the initial conditions and the boundary conditions. The jump matrix is explicitly dependent and expressed through the spectral functions, which are derived from the initial and boundary information, respectively. These spectral functions are interdependent and adhere to a so-called global relationship.
Fused model of the alternating spin chain from ABJM theory*
Authors: Bai 白 Nan 楠 , Feng 冯 Fan 帆 , Shao 邵 Mao-Zhong 茂忠
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we present an algebraic construction of the fused model for the ABJM spin chain by gluing two adjacent quantum spaces and two original auxiliary spaces. We prove the integrability of the fused model by demonstrating the validity of the Yang-Baxter equation. Owing to the regularity property of the fused R-matrix, we successfully construct the boost operator for the fused model and obtain the third-order charge accordingly. We also investigate the open spin chain Hamiltonian for the fused model and indicate the general common structures of the boundary terms which are further used to analyze the integrability of the flavored ABJM Hamiltonian.
Improvement of microstructure and mechanical properties for Al7075 aluminium reinforced with hybrid graphite and SiC particles via a combination of mechanical alloying and stir casting
Authors: Potisawang Charinrat , Talangkun Sukangkana , Ponhan Kowit
Published: January 2025

This research focuses on the fabrication of Al7075 composites reinforced with varying amounts of nano-sized SiC particles (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt%) combined with 0.5 wt% graphite (Gr), employing a hybrid process of mechanical alloying and semi-solid stir casting. The study investigates the influence of SiC content, nanoparticle feeding method, and the role of Gr on the microstructures, mechanical characteristics, and machinability of the composites. Microstructural analysis revealed that integrating milled powders into the molten Al7075 alloy produced a uniform dispersion of nanoscale SiC particles within the α-Al matrix, avoiding the particle agglomeration observed with the conventional method. Higher SiC content resulted in finer grains and improved mechanical performance. The Al7075-0.5Gr-2.0SiC composite exhibited a 16% increase in hardness relative to the unreinforced Al7075 alloy. The inclusion of nanoscale SiC particles notably enhanced tensile strength, while the presence of Gr acted as a lubricant, improving surface roughness.
Potential applications of PLGA/PVA coaxial nanofibers with controlled release for guiding tissue regeneration
Authors: Zhang Huinan , Ji Dongchao , Zhao Kunlong , Li Zhuoheng , Yang Shuo , Wang Peng , Cao Wenxin , Sun Yu
Published: January 2025

Biomedical scaffolds are increasingly used in bone repair due to their exceptional ability to support cell growth and proliferation. This study developed a multifunctional poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/metronidazole coaxial electrospun nanofiber membrane to overcome the limitations of current bone tissue self-repair mechanisms. Optimization of the coaxial electrospinning parameters significantly improved the membrane’s overall performance. Mechanical property testing revealed that the tensile strength increased from 4.304 ± 0.079 MPa to 6.915 ± 0.032 MPa as the shell layer feeding rate was increased. Drug release studies demonstrated a marked reduction in the initial burst release of metronidazole as the shell layer thickness increased. The release amount decreased from 86% to 34% by the third hour, and the release continued over the course of one week. Furthermore, the in vitro release model transitioned from first-order kinetics to Peppas-Sahlin kinetics. In vitro studies confirmed that the metronidazole-loaded coaxial fiber membrane exhibited excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and osteogenic potential. In conclusion, PLGA/PVA controlled-release nanofiber membranes loaded with antibacterial drugs offer great promise for bone tissue regeneration therapies.
Electrochemical determination of mercury in surface water samples using Au nanoparticles /electrochemically reduced graphene oxide modified electrode
Authors: Trang Ha Thuy , Anh Vu Ho Xuan , Khac Lieu Pham , Tuyen Tran Ngoc , Van Chung Huynh , Van Thanh Ho , Duong Hoang Ho Thuy , Hai Phong Nguyen , Luyen Nguyen Dinh , Khieu Dinh Quang
Published: January 2025

In the present work, we utilized Au nanoparticles /electrochemically reduced graphene oxide ( AuNPs/ErGO) as a modifier of glassy carbon electrode to detect Hg(II) in surface water by a voltammetric method. The careful execution of the fabrication of AuNPs/ErGO on a glassy carbon electrode, achieved through the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and Au(III) solution using cyclic voltammetry, was a testament to our dedication and commitment. The modified electrode surface and the obtained materials were characterized by using a range of analytical techniques, including x-ray diffraction, Fourier Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, elemental distribution maps, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results revealed the highly dispersed Au nanoparticles around 10–20 nm on the reduced graphene oxide matrix. Differential pulse-anodic stripping voltamtemtry (DP-ASV) was used for quantitative determinations, and the linear calibration curves were obtained in the Hg(II) concentration ranges of 2 to 15 ppb. The proposed DP-ASV approach offers a highly selective and sensitive method for Hg(II) determination with a limit of detection of 0.680 ppb. The study also meticulously addressed the common interfering species in aqueous solutions. Finally, the modified electrode was applied to sensitively determine Hg(II) in tap, lake, and river water samples with satisfactory results.
Thermal cracking of effective decontamination and recycling of lubricating oil: mechanisms, conditions, and performance enhancements
Authors: R Nafeena Abdul Munaf , Kandasamy Senthil Kumar , M Bakkiyaraj , Gara Dheeraj Kumar , A Abdul Munaf
Published: January 2025

Thermal cracking of SAE 40 lube oil contamination is a critical process for maintaining the efficiency and longevity of industrial machinery and automotive engines. This study investigates the mechanisms and outcomes of thermal cracking as a method to decompose and remove contaminants from lube oil (SAE40) and investigates the possibility of the use of solid coke produced as residue after the cracking process. The research also examines the optimal conditions for thermal cracking, including temperature ranges, heating rates, and the influence of catalysts. Analytical techniques such as thermogravimetry (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermograms (DSC) are employed to characterize the chemical composition of the solid produced after treatment. This result reveals that the produced coke after the treatment demonstrates the resin capability, and it can be used as a binder or additive in lower temperature applications. This study underscores the potential of thermal cracking as an effective method for recycling contaminated lube oil, thereby contributing to sustainability and cost-efficiency in industrial maintenance practices.
Microstructure and tribological properties of WC-12Ni/Cu composite coating prepared by laser cladding on 45 steel surface
Authors: Zhang Fulong , Zhang Junquan , Ping Lu , Wentao Zhang , Liu Shuangyu , Chuanjin Huang , Qiushi Zhang , Cui Bo , Binhua Wang
Published: January 2025

To reduce the amount of copper used and improve the service life of the copper layer in the plunger pair of a plunger pump, Ni15 was chosen as the transition layer to assist in the laser cladding preparation of copper-steel composite materials. WC-12Ni powder was mixed into Cu powder at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 wt%, and different compositions of cladding layers were prepared using laser cladding technology. The microstructure of the cladding layers was analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The microhardness of the composite coatings was tested using microhardness Vickers (MHV), and the tribological performance of the composite coatings was evaluated using the friction and wear testing machine (F&WM). The results showed that, in terms of microstructure, element diffusion occurred around the WC particles, and partial dissolution of WC particles at their sharp corners led to the formation of new compounds with other elements. Additionally, WC particles contributed to the refinement of the microstructure. In terms of performance, the microhardness of the composite coatings increased with the increase in WC-12Ni content, reaching a maximum of 412.5 HV0.1 when the content was 25 wt%. Regarding tribological properties, the composite coating with 20 wt% WC-12Ni exhibited excellent friction-reducing properties, with a stable coefficient of friction of 0.53. Both the 20 wt% and 25 wt% WC-12Ni composite coatings demonstrated good wear resistance, with wear rates of 4.4 × 10−4 mg/ N·m.
Carbon footprint heterogeneity across elderly groups in China
Authors: Wang Yunyue , Wang Yafei
Published: January 2025

Assessing the elderly’s environmental impact is crucial as aging deepens. This paper incorporates age heterogeneity and urban-rural heterogeneity within the elderly into the study of aging’s impact on the environment, dividing the elderly population into four subgroups. Utilizing an environmentally extended multi-region input-output(EE-MRIO) model and data from 12,000 households, the carbon footprints of four subgroups was calculated. Findings reveal significant urban-rural and age-related heterogeneities in carbon emissions among those aged 60 and above. Urban elderly have higher per capita carbon footprints than rural elderly, and ‘the younger elderly’ have higher footprints than ‘the oldest old’. This heterogeneity extends to carbon footprint’s distribution: Urban elderly lean towards enjoyable consumption, while rural elderly prioritize survival. ‘The younger elderly’ have a greater carbon footprint from transport. This paper nests Chinese and global EE-MRIO, showing that global economies are more impacted by China’s elderly demand than mainland China itself. Furthermore, urban-rural structure has a greater impact on global carbon emissions compared to age structures.
Heat transfer optimization using silver nanoparticle-stabilized nanofluids in copper heat pipes: comparative analysis of stabilizing agents
Authors: Elumalai Sivakumar , Kadamban Manikandan
Published: January 2025

This study explores the thermal performance of copper heat pipes filled with surface-modified silver nanoparticle-stabilized nanofluids. The aim was to assess the effect of different nanoparticle surface chemistries on key heat transfer parameters such as thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient (HTC). Five silver nanofluids stabilized by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), Branched Polyethyleneimine (bPEI), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Citrate, and Lipoic Acid were evaluated under heat inputs ranging from 50 W to 90 W and filling ratios of 60% and 70%. K-type thermocouples were used to measure temperature, from which thermal resistance and HTC were calculated. The bPEI-stabilized nanofluid demonstrated the best performance, reducing thermal resistance from 0.0540 °C/W at 50 W to 0.0420 °C/W at 90 W, while increasing HTC from 1680 W/m2 °C to 2320 W/m2 °C. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) confirmed that higher filling ratios and heat inputs significantly enhanced heat transfer. These findings highlight the potential of surface-modified silver nanofluids to improve thermal management systems, particularly in high heat flux applications. Further research is suggested to explore long-term stability and the scalability of these nanofluids for industrial use.
Forehead Lift With Cross-frontal Scalp Anchorage
Authors: Gencer Mehmet , Sağlam Yunus , Tatar Burak Ergün , Kerem Metin
Published: January 2025

Background

Over the past decade, facial aesthetics has gained popularity, with a notable increase in upper facelift procedures. Despite the popularity of brows and forehead lifts, the optimal fixation technique remains controversial. Common methods involve suturing of the temporal fascia or using monocortical miniscrews anchored to the frontal bone. Other options include the use of microscrews, percutaneous fixation posts, Kirschner wires, Mitek anchors, Endotine devices, bone tunnels, miniplates, and fibrin glue.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to present a method in which pulling force is transmitted directly to the brow/forehead skin through subperiosteal dissection, utilizing the scalp as a suspension point.

Methods

This retrospective study included 129 patients who underwent surgery between May 2022 and June 2023. Patients with less than 12 months of follow-up, irregular follow-up, or a history of botulinum toxin or brow contouring were excluded. Preoperative and 12-month postoperative photographs were evaluated with the Brow Positioning Grading Scale.

Results

No persistent dimples were observed; on average, dimples resolved within 4 weeks. Postoperative edema, erythema, and bruising resolved within 6 days. Complications, including chemosis, stitch-site infections, muscle weakness, paresthesia, and asymmetry, were all resolved. Significant improvements in eyebrow height and Brow Positioning Grading Scale scores were noted at the 12-month follow-up visit.

Conclusions

This technique offers a natural upper face rejuvenation option that is particularly suitable for patients with lower brow positions or of advanced age.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)
Online-adjusted evolutionary biclustering algorithm to identify significant modules in gene expression data
Authors: Galindo-Hernández Raúl , Rodríguez-Vázquez Katya , Galán-Vásquez Edgardo , Hernández Castellanos Carlos Ignacio
Published: January 2025

Analyzing gene expression data helps the identification of significant biological relationships in genes. With a growing number of open biological datasets available, it is paramount to use reliable and innovative methods to perform in-depth analyses of biological data and ensure that informed decisions are made based on accurate information. Evolutionary algorithms have been successful in the analysis of biological datasets. However, there is still room for improvement, and further analysis should be conducted. In this work, we propose Online-Adjusted EVOlutionary Biclustering algorithm (OAEVOB), a novel evolutionary-based biclustering algorithm that efficiently handles vast gene expression data. OAEVOB incorporates an online-adjustment feature that efficiently identifies significant groups by updating the mutation probability and crossover parameters. We utilize measurements such as Pearson correlation, distance correlation, biweight midcorrelation, and mutual information to assess the similarity of genes in the biclusters. Algorithms in the specialized literature do not address generalization to diverse gene expression sources. Therefore, to evaluate OAEVOB’s performance, we analyzed six gene expression datasets obtained from diverse sequencing data sources, specifically Deoxyribonucleic Acid microarray, Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) sequencing, and single-cell RNA sequencing, which are subject to a thorough examination. OAEVOB identified significant broad gene expression biclusters with correlations greater than $0.5$ across all similarity measurements employed. Additionally, when biclusters are evaluated by functional enrichment analysis, they exhibit biological functions, suggesting that OAEVOB effectively identifies biclusters with specific cancer and tissue-related genes in the analyzed datasets. We compared the OAEVOB’s performance with state-of-the-art methods and outperformed them showing robustness to noise, overlapping, sequencing data sources, and gene coverage.
Towards simplified graph neural networks for identifying cancer driver genes in heterophilic networks
Authors: Li Xingyi , Xu Jialuo , Li Junming , Gu Jia , Shang Xuequn
Published: January 2025

The identification of cancer driver genes is crucial for understanding the complex processes involved in cancer development, progression, and therapeutic strategies. Multi-omics data and biological networks provided by numerous databases enable the application of graph deep learning techniques that incorporate network structures into the deep learning framework. However, most existing methods do not account for the heterophily in the biological networks, which hinders the improvement of model performance. Meanwhile, feature confusion often arises in models based on graph neural networks in such graphs. To address this, we propose a Simplified Graph neural network for identifying Cancer Driver genes in heterophilic networks (SGCD), which comprises primarily two components: a graph convolutional neural network with representation separation and a bimodal feature extractor. The results demonstrate that SGCD not only performs exceptionally well but also exhibits robust discriminative capabilities compared to state-of-the-art methods across all benchmark datasets. Moreover, subsequent interpretability experiments on both the model and biological aspects provide compelling evidence supporting the reliability of SGCD. Additionally, the model can dissect gene modules, revealing clearer connections between driver genes in cancers. We are confident that SGCD holds potential in the field of precision oncology and may be applied to prognosticate biomarkers for a wide range of complex diseases.
Acoustical modeling and analysis of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell stack anode exhaust gas from the perspective of ultrasound testing
Authors: Yao Naiyuan , Ma Tiancai , Lin Weikang , Li Ruitao , Du Chang
Published: January 2025

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells are widely utilized in transportation and stationary power generation applications due to their high energy conversion efficiency, substantial power density, and zero emissions. To address the requirements for internal status monitoring and hydrogen purge management in the hydrogen supply subsystem of automotive fuel cell systems, this paper proposes an innovative online monitoring scheme for real-time measurement of the anode exhaust mixture concentration from the fuel cell stack, utilizing an ultrasonic flowmeter. This scheme offers high measurement accuracy, short sampling intervals, simple configuration, and low cost. An acoustic analysis model of the anode exhaust gas was developed to systematically evaluate the influence of environmental parameters such as temperature, pressure, and humidity on the ultrasonic flowmeter’s measurement. Additionally, an ultrasonic flowmeter prototype was constructed based on this acoustic model, and the accuracy of its flow rate and concentration measurements was validated using standard gases. The results indicate that, without a humidity sensor, the absolute error in hydrogen concentration can reach 7 vol%, while the absolute error in nitrogen concentration can exceed 11 vol%. Therefore, integrating additional sensors is essential for improving the accuracy of concentration calculations for the anode exhaust gas components. The relative error in flow measurement with the ultrasonic flowmeter prototype is consistently below 5%, and the absolute error in concentration measurements is less than 1%, reflecting the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. Furthermore, this paper outlines a calculation method for converting sensor feedback into the mass flow rates of individual gas components in the mixture. This work offers a novel theoretical and practical framework for enhancing real-time internal status monitoring and hydrogen purge management in fuel cell systems, which is expected to significantly improve the reliability, stability, and fuel economy of automotive fuel cell systems in the future.
The future of industrial hydrogen: renewable sources and applications for the next 15 years
Authors: Behrendt Frank
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the potential industrial applications of hydrogen produced from renewable sources, focusing on anticipated advancements and adoption over the next 15 years. With the global shift toward defossilation, renewable hydrogen presents a compelling solution to reduce industrial greenhouse gas emissions. The article examines various production methods, cost projections, technological challenges, and key industries that will benefit from renewable hydrogen integration. Renewable hydrogen is anticipated to play a critical role in industrial defossilation over the next 15 years. As industries and governments seek to meet climate targets, hydrogen’s versatility as a fuel and feedstock positions it well for applications across various sectors, including heavy industry, transportation, and power generation. Challenges remain in cost, efficiency, and infrastructure, but ongoing advancements in electrolysis technology and supportive policies are expected to drive down costs. Successful deployment will also depend on international collaboration, regulatory frameworks, and public acceptance. The case studies and pilot projects highlighted in this paper provide evidence of the promising future for renewable hydrogen in industrial applications.
Numerical investigation on leakage characteristics of labyrinth seal for cavitation flow in the liquid hydrogen piston pump
Authors: Ren Hongyu , Wu Wei , Yang Shaoqi , Xie Xiujuan
Published: January 2025

Based on the thermodynamically modified Zwart cavitation model, a two-dimensional theoretical cavitation flow model of the labyrinth seal between the piston and cylinder in a liquid hydrogen piston pump is established and verified. The influence of cavitation on the pressure distribution along the clearance seal, which reduces the leakage rate, is analyzed. The influence of input pressure and degree of subcooling on the cavitation flow is discussed. Higher inlet pressure and degree of subcooling can diminish the sealing effect between cavitation and liquid-phase flows. Furthermore, the leakage rates for clearance and labyrinth seals with 20- to 60-μm sealing gap are compared. When the sealing gap is no less than 30 μm, the labyrinth sealing effect is superior to clearance seal. Finally, the leakage rates of labyrinth seals with three cavity structures—square, curve, and triangle—are simulated. The sealing effects are ordered as follows: square labyrinth cavity, curved labyrinth cavity, and triangular labyrinth cavity. The sealing effect is preferred when the optimal length-to-width ratio of the square cavity is around 5.0. The studies are further helpful to decrease the leakage rate of labyrinth seals and enhance volumetric efficiency in liquid hydrogen piston pump.