bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Updates from China: clinical and research experience of homeopathy in the pandemic
Authors: To Ka Lun Aaron , Fok Yuen Ying Yvonne
Published: March 2021

Background: Hong Kong is one of the regions which is most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in China. In homeopathy, common pathognomonic symptoms are less informative, while homeopathic symptoms are always more helpful for homeopathic prescriptions. Aims: The first case series from Hong Kong was presented and the homeopathic repertorization symptoms observed in the 18 confirmed/suspected cases of COVID-19 in Hong Kong in early 2020 was reported. Methodology: A standard questionnaire on common homeopathic symptoms was filled in by all diagnosed/suspected COVID-19 patients, with or without the help of a consulting-room assistant, before the consultation. Repertorization symptoms from the case series were reported from 18 consecutive patients who used homeopathy as an adjunctive measure, in addition to the conventional or traditional chinese medicine, for symptomatic relief from COVID-19. Anonymized clinical information for research and academic purposes was used and approved by patients. The authors focused mainly on the homeopathic symptoms, i.e. the more individualised and characteristic symptoms which were available in the homeopathic repertories. In the presentation, the demographics, prevelance of homeopathic medicines, common repertorization symptoms in each of the top-ranked remedies, and differentiating symptoms for each top-ranked remedy were presented. Differentiating features were defined as homeopathic symptoms that were present in at least 50% of cases for the top-ranked remedy and in no more than 2 cases for other top-ranked remedies. The data collection project was further extended under the Clificol COVID-19 Support Project, a multinational, combined retrospective, and prospective longitudinal study. Results and discussion: Homeopathic symptoms of 18 cases were presented. All of the cases were categorized as mild. Eighteen common symptoms screened out of 79 selected repertorization symptoms constituted two sets of homeopathic symptom pictures: Bryonia alba (n = 4) and Gelsemium sempervirens (n = 12). Eight and seven differentiating features, respectively, were identified for Bryonia alba and Gelsemium sempervirens. Most updated data from the ongoing COVID-19 Support project was also presented. Conclusion: The common symptoms of 18 mild COVID-19 cases constituted two sets of homeopathic symptom pictures, indicating Bryonia alba or Gelsemium sempervirens; they were indicated in 4 and 12 cases, respectively, out of the 18 in total.
Homeopathy and emotional disorders in children during covidian-19 pandemic
Authors: Lino Renata Rodrigues Garcia , Gosik Maria Solange , Mendes Maria Filomena Xavier , Takeuti Isabella Sebusiani Duarte , Esher Silvia Grosso , Barbas Danielle , Lacerda Giselle Iannarella , Turrini Cláudia Matera , Dechiare Izilda Aparecida , Tavares Davisson do Sacramento de Lucena , Scigliano Thais Perella Cunha , Silva Rosemery Santos , Marçal Inês Dantas Ferraz
Published: March 2021

Background The period of social isolation, due to the Covid-19 Pandemic, impacted the children's social and family life in different ways. The whole family's feelings and emotions are intertwined, and everyone is involved in a broad awareness. Children, having a more developed intuitive awareness, receive all this in the form of subliminal inputs. At the moment, there is a concern regarding behavioral disorders in children and the risk of medicalization. The systemic view of Homeopathy can contribute to understanding this context. Aims: To contextualize the pediatric emotional disorders resulting from Pandemic in Carillo Júnior's view of Classic Systemic Homeopathy and list possible homeopathic medicines. Methodology: Bibliographic survey about emotional disorders in children during the Pandemic period. A theoretical review of the concept of disease in the view of classic systemic homeopathy and selection of drugs based on the method of repertorization of signs and symptoms. Results and discussion: The classification of diseases based on the Carillo Jr Complex Systems Model is based on the concept of prevalence between intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Through this model, we can understand what is being received by children as subliminal "inputs" since they do not assess the irrational conscience. Individual resilience and vulnerability will determine how they respond. Emotional and behavior disorders: distraction, irritability, fear, agitation, anxiety, poor sleep, nightmares. Main suggested drugs: Belladona, Chamomilla, Aconitum nappelus, Argentum nitricum, Gelsemium, Tarentula hispanica, Stramonium, Ignatia amara, Aurum metalicum, Cypripedium, Coffea cruda. Conclusion: The imposed social isolation leads to an excess of external inputs on the pediatric population, and the difficulty in processing them can lead to the emergence of emotional disorders. Therefore, as a cognitive therapy that acts on the self-regulation of the organism, homeopathy is an excellent, beneficial, and assertive tool.
Clinical study of China officinalis in the view of classical systemic homeopathy during COVID-19 epidemic in São Paulo
Authors: Mendes Maria Filomena Xavier , Takeuti Isabella Sebusiani Duarte , Melo Luciana Valentini , Santos Leticia Marilia de Almeida Werneck , Barbas Danielle da Silva , Cabo Domingos José Vaz , Brunelli William , Strastis Hristos , Lino Renata Rodrigues Garcia , Mourão Leila Cristina dos Santos , Oliveira Adriana Passos , Gosik Maria Solange
Published: March 2021

Background: Brazilian Ministry of Health has reported 5.273.954 cases and 154.837 deaths from COVID-19 on October 20th, 2020. The first case of COVID-19 in Brazil occurred on February 26th, in São Paulo state. A total of 351.877 cases and 13.331 deaths were reported only in the city of São Paulo on October 20th. This scenario has severe health, economic, and social impact, as in other countries. Therefore, treatment strategies are urgently needed, such as Homeopathy that has shown excellent results in several epidemics. Aims: This study aims to describe the health signs and symptoms of some healthcare and essential professionals during the use of China officinalis. Methodology: Participants were professionals of the Server Public Municipal Hospital of São Paulo (HSPM), the Nossa Senhora Rainha da Paz Association (RP), and The Padre Bento Hospital (HPB). The homeopathic intervention was C. officinalis 6CH and a dosage of six drops per day. The study design was a time series with analysis by questionnaire before and after using homeopathic medicine. Statistical analyses were done by the McNemar test to compare qualitative data paired with a significance level of 5%. Ethical approval is CAAE 31802720.0.0000.5442. Results and discussion: Among the HSPM and RP participants, 83,1% did not develop symptoms while using C. officinalis and 16,9% developed symptoms while using C. officinalis. Among the HPB participants, 87,8 % did not develop symptoms while using C. officinalis and 12,2 % developed symptoms while using C. officinalis. . During the usage of C. officinalis, covid19-like symptoms were reduced with a significant difference (p<0.05). Among the symptomatic, none of the participants needed intensive care hospitalization, supplemental oxygen, or intubation. Conclusion: C. officinalis was very acceptability by participants, and its use during the coronavirus pandemic contributed to health promotion.
Homeopathic medicine as health promotion during COVID-19 pandemic period in Niteroi city
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Passos , Stern Maria da Conceição Farias , Almeida Cláudia Márcia Osório Xavier , Bolognani Fabio de Almeida , Holandino Carla , Rocha Leandro
Published: March 2021

Background: According to the World Health Organization, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has 36.835.130 reported cases and 1.068.113 deaths worldwide on October 10, 2020. The city of Niterói has declared a public health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic with 13.906 reported cases, 3.03% of lethality, and 445 deaths. In this scenario, it is necessary to search for other forms of treatment such as Integrative Medicine, especially Homeopathy, which was used with excellent results in the great epidemics. Aims: Evaluate the use of the homeopathic medicine composed of Bryonia alba 30CH, China officinalis 30CH, and Metallum album 30CH in the health signs and symptoms of the health professionals of the Dr. Guilherme Taylor March Regional Polyclinic in Niterói. Ethical approval is CAAE 31601020.3.0000.5243. Methodology: The study design was a time series with analysis before and after using homeopathic medicine for eight weeks. Analysis of health signs and symptoms was carried out through a structured questionnaire. Statistical test was used to compare qualitative data paired with a significance level of 5%. Results and discussion: A total of 57 health professionals in face-to-face work used homeopathic medicine. No side effect was observed in all participants. The majority (84.2%) was without any flu-like symptoms before and after treatment. Nine participants (15.8%) had shown initial flu-like symptoms. After using homeopathic medicine, there was an improvement with a significant difference (p <0.05). Among the symptomatic, six participants had a positive result in the covid test with significant improvement (p <0.05) of the symptoms within seven days of using homeopathic medicine. Conclusion: The homeopathic intervention used during the coronavirus pandemic contributed as health promotion and adjunctive measure for symptomatic relief from COVID-19 and a treatment strategy that could be used as an adjunct to all sanitary and therapeutic measures recommended by health authorities.
Vegetation and climate effects on soil production, chemical weathering, and physical erosion rates
Authors: Schaller Mirjam , Ehlers Todd Alan
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Weathering of bedrock to produce regolith is essential for sustaining life on Earth and global biogeochemical cycles. The rate of this process is influenced not only by tectonics, but also by climate and biota. Here we investigate these interactions with new observations of soil production, chemical weathering, and physical erosion rates from the large climate and vegetation gradient of the Chilean Coastal Cordillera (26° to 38° S). These findings are compared to a global compilation of published data from similar settings. The four Chilean study areas span (from North to South): arid (Pan de Azúcar), semi-arid (Santa Gracia), mediterranean (La Campana) and temperate humid (Nahuelbuta) climate zones. We test the hypotheses that: 1) soil production as well as chemical weathering rates increase with increasing mean annual precipitation; 2) physical erosion rates stabilize as vegetation cover increases; and 3) the contribution of chemical weathering to total denudation is constant over the climate gradient.We find observed soil production rates range from ~7 to 290 t/(km2 yr) and are lowest in the sparsely vegetated and arid North, increase southward toward the vegetated mediterranean climate, and then decrease further South in the temperate humid zone. This trend is discussed and compared with global data from similar catchments underlain by granitic lithologies. Calculated chemical weathering rates range from zero in the arid North to a high value of 211 t/(km2 yr) in the mediterranean zone. Chemical weathering rates are comparable in the semi-arid and temperate humid zones (~20 t/(km2 yr). Physical erosion rates are low in the arid zone (~11 t/(km2 yr)) and increase towards the South (~ 40 t/(km2 yr)). Combined total chemical weathering and physical erosion rates indicate that denudation rates are lowest in the arid North and highest in the Mediterranean climate zone. The contribution of chemical weathering to total denudation rates increases and then decreases with increasing mean annual precipitation from North to South. The observation that the calculated chemical weathering rates in the southernmost location, with the highest mean annual precipitation and the highest chemical index of alteration, are not the highest of all four study areas is found to be consistent with the global data analysis.
Öğretmenlerin Vefa Sosyal Destek Ekipleri’nde Görev Alma Nedenlerine İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: Özdoğru Mehmet
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada öğretmenlerin Vefa Sosyal Destek Ekipleri’nde görev alma nedenlerine ilişkin görüşlerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan durum çalışması desenine göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu Eskişehir ili Odunpazarı Kaymakamlığı Vefa Sosyal Destek Ekipleri’nde gönüllü olarak görev alan öğretmenlerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği tercih edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin Vefa Sosyal Destek Ekipleri’ne ilişkin görüşlerinin çözümlenmesinde nitel veri analiz tekniklerinden biri olan içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğretmenlerin Vefa Sosyal Destek Ekipleri’nde gönüllü olarak görev almasında vatandaşlık ve sorumluluk bilincinin öne çıktığı görülmüştür. Öğretmenler, Vefa Sosyal Destek Ekipleri’nde görev yaparken huzur, vicdani rahatlık, işe yaramanın verdiği haz, manevi yönden haz, kendisiyle gururduyma, insan olmanın onurunu yaşama ve aidiyet hislerini yaşamıştır. Öğretmenlerin tamamına yakını ihtiyaç durumunda bu tür faaliyetlerde tekrar görev alabileceklerini ifade etmiştir. Bu bulgudan hareketle Vefa Sosyal Destek Ekipleri’nde gönüllü olarak görev yapan öğretmenlerin sosyal sorumluluk faaliyetlerine karşı oldukça duyarlı oldukları, ihtiyaç halinde göreve hazır oldukları söylenebilir.
COVID-19 and Primary School 1st Grade in Turkey: Starting Primary School in The Pandemic Based on Teachers' Views
Authors: Fidan Mustafa
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic initiated an extensive and sudden digital transformation in the education. Suddenly, an entire of students had to start managing and mastering with digital tools to participate in their compulsory basic education. In this study, starting primary school first grade remotely is examined according to teachers' views. The research method is qualitative phenomenology study. The study group consists of nine teachers determined by the maximum variation sampling method, which is one of the purposeful sampling types. Three of these teachers work in the village, three in the city center, and three in a private school. The data collected from teachers with the interview technique were analyzed using content analysis. According to the results of the research, teachers' views on remote teaching in the first grade of primary school were divided into two groups, positive and negative. While teachers have positive views in the parent participation, academic and convenience themes, they have negative views in the social, equal opportunity, psychology and academic themes. The experiences of teachers in the first grade of primary school show that first reading and writing can be achieved remotely. It is very important to reduce the social, psychological and equal opportunity problems.
COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Öğrencilerin Olası Öğrenme Kayıpları
Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Baz Burak
Published: March 2021

Örgün eğitim faaliyetlerine çeşitli nedenlerle verilen aralar, öğrencilerde öğrenme kayıpları yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Alanyazında yer alan araştırmalar COVID-19 salgınının da benzer bir etkiye sahip olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada öğrenme kayıplarının nedenleri, ölçülmesi, COVID-19 salgınının eğitim faaliyetleri üzerindeki etkileri ve bu dönemde yaşanan öğrenme kayıplarının bütüncül bir perspektifle incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öğrenme kayıpları üzerinde yurt içi ve yurt dışı literatürde yer alan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar, COVID-19 salgını döneminde uzaktan eğitim faaliyetlerine erişim ve öğrencilerin öğrenme performanslarının desteklenmesi konularında yaşanan sıkıntıların öğrenme kayıplarını derinleştirdiğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte meydana gelen öğrenme kayıplarının çeşitli ölçme yöntemleriyle tespitinin, geliştirilecek telafi eğitim programlarının tasarlanması açısından önemini ortaya koymuştur. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda öğrenme kayıplarının azaltılmasına yönelik bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.
S’intéresser au Patrimoine Sportif ?
Authors: Bromberger Christian
Published: March 2021

The sporting heritage includes buildings, theaters for sporting competitions, and equipment characteristic of each discipline, artistic works having a sport for object, written and published texts, audiovisual but also oral archives testifying to sporting practices and passions. . This very diverse heritage only takes on its full meaning if the elements preserved are placed in their context. The task of bringing together, safeguarding and exhibiting this heritage falls to specialized museums, a key to understanding the division of activities according to gender, the social stratification of tastes, the affirmation of local and regional identities, national (through the fervor aroused by major matches), the way in which our societies deal with the violence of confrontations, the canons of beauty and bodily decorum ... and the cardinal values of modern societies (the spirit of competition, between other).
Le petit patrimoine sportif: entre bien public et mémoire collective
Authors: Fournier Laurent Sébastien
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the small sporting heritage. It is not limited to a classic view of sporting heritage, centered on architecture or art objects associated with sport. It aims to include everyday objects, serial objects that have a symbolic and social rather than commercial value. In order to fully understand the issues associated with this specific category of "small heritage", the article recalls some general characteristics of the concept of heritage. Examples illustrate the interest on small heritage by characters of the world of sports. The small sporting heritage, constituted by everyday sporting objects and often neglected by heritage institutions and museums, constitutes a great social wealth that must be valued for its relation to the athletes themselves. Since we here consider heritage a social resource instead of a collection of prestigious objects, ethnography allows us to empirically identify situations in which sportspeople value the small heritage linked to their practices. This is the case, for example, when groups of sportspeople organize exhibitions or collections in museums and archives. An important theoretical issue related to the association of the notions of heritage and sport is to better understand the ways in which the boundaries between public and private are articulated and shifted. Sporting heritage makes it possible to understand the historical changes in methods of organization and appropriation of sports practices. By establishing a strong link between sport, public goods and collective memories, the concept of sporting heritage opens up a reflection on the construction of identities through sport.
中国文化创意产品及服务贸易的国际竞争力分析
Authors: 谢 德鑫 , 肖 昀
Published: March 2021

经济全球化的趋势不断加强，国际贸易的新领域文化创意正蓬勃发展，中国的文创产业贸易迅速增长，国家也越来越重视文化创意经济的发展。文化创意产业具有高技术性、高附加值、高效益、低投入等特征，因此得到了许多国家的重视，有些地区还将其发展为了支柱型产业。本研究首先对文创产业进行定义，分析解读近年来我国文创产品贸易和服务贸易的发展情况与特征，同时根据联合国贸易与发展会议的数据，整理出中国文化创意产业进出口贸易的相关资料，并通过国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力和显性比较优势，作出国际竞争力分析。依据研究结果分析影响中国文化创意产品及服务贸易的原因，提供相关政策性建议。
2019年中国企业资产证券化发展状况研究
Authors: 杨 迪川
Published: March 2021

企业资产证券化是我国非金融机构资产证券化的主要模式。本文着重介绍中国企业资产证券化的交易基础资产、结构的特点和信用增级的主要方法，以及对我国企业在2019年的资产证券化的发展情况和违约情况，进行较为细致的分析。
中国银行外汇业务发展现状及对策研究
Authors: 黄 洁 , 康 柔虹 , 李 昊伟 , 谢 靖妍
Published: March 2021

近年来我国外汇市场总体稳健发展，市场外汇供求基本保持平衡，外汇产品渐趋丰富，外汇交易币种逐渐增加，对银行外汇业务的需求也不断增加，这对我国商业银行来说既是机遇又是挑战，外汇业务发展前景广阔但同时也有许多问题和阻碍需要解决和克服。中国银行是目前我国外汇业务做的最好的商业银行，其产品和经验对我国商业银行外汇业务发展有着积极的借鉴作用，为此本文特以中国银行为例，尝试探索我国商业银行外汇业务的现状、存在问题及相关对策。
基于钻石模型的福建金融服务贸易竞争力研究
Authors: 朱 世臻 , 林 晨萍
Published: March 2021

本文基于波特的钻石模型，分析影响福建金融服务贸易竞争力的6大因素，并且通过建立福建金融服务贸易竞争力影响模型，实证生产要素、需求条件、相关与支持产业、企业组织、战略和竞争、政府与机遇六大因素，对福建金融服务贸易竞争力都有显著影响。本文最后在此基础上，提出关于进一步提升福建金融服务贸易竞争力的建议。
基于“营改增”完成后的消费税改革制度创新研究
Authors: 危 素玉 , 杨 燕贞 , 黄 佳扬 , 文 缘缘
Published: March 2021

在引导国民消费、优化产业结构、保障财政收入等方面，我国消费税发挥着积重要的作用。由于社会的快速发展，贫富差距的不断加大，现行消费税已跟不上我国经济发展的需要；在“营改增”全面完成后，在急需重构地方税体系的局面下，我国消费税改革面临着前所未有的挑战。本文基于消费税三大功能定位，对现行消费税制度现状、存在的问题进行了深入的解析，并提出了我国消费税未来改革的路径方向。
基于DEA方法对东南亚港口物流相对效率的比较研究
Authors: 程 国卿 , 刘 沧 , 邱 碧珍
Published: March 2021

作为境内外贸易的重要中转站，港口在国民经济体系中具有重要的地位。随着海洋的优势被发现，各个国家陆续把海洋港口作为经济贸易的重要窗口。港口作为全球综合运输网络的节点，其功能不断拓宽，在发展现代物流中扮演着越来越重要的角色。为顺应经济全球化的需要，现代港口需要总体上建立起港口物流中心，不断完善其物流职能，并通过物流的绩效评价，完善和健全港口的现代物流服务模式。数据包络分析DEA方法为物流与供应链领域中的绩效评价、物流效率比较提供了一个有效的工具。本文以东南亚国家的12个典型港口为样本对象，通过DEA方法计算出这些港口物流的相对效率和基本分类。在数据分析的基础上，研究这12个港口在投入产出效率方面所存在的问题，找出不同港口效率不足的原因，并根据不同港口所存在的不同问题提出改进方向，以及增进物流效率的方法与建议。
福建古雷石化基地对台承接原因及其发展分析
Authors: 卢 孔亮 , 廖 汶钊
Published: March 2021

福建虽为贫油省，但正在大力借助承接台湾石化产业的合作契机、来大力发展当地石化产业。同时，福建石化产业的发展面临诸多挑战和机遇，位于漳州市的古雷石化基地担负着福建对台湾石化产业的承接和发展的重任。本文阐明福建省石化产业对台承接环境及优势，讨论古雷石化基地的区位优势和产业集聚意义，结合台湾岛内、外综合因素对其石化产业向外投资发展的原因进行归纳，最后探索福建石化产业发展潜在的制约因素和国际发展环境。
双顺差与国际收支平衡的验证
Authors: 杨 国梁 , 林 飞烨
Published: March 2021

长时间以来，中国国际收支存在经常项目、资本和金融项目“双顺差”的失衡现象，尽管这在一定意义上能提高中国抵御外部冲击的能力，也有利于增强中国的综合国力与国际影响力，但也会给中国国民经济发展带来不良影响。本文以二元选择模型探讨中国国际收支出现“双顺差”格局的概率，实证中国国际收支占比与美元指数正向提高中国国际收支双顺差概率，而有效汇率与外人直接投资占比减低双顺差概率；本文并对于平衡中国国际收支提出具体政策建议，以保障国民经济持续健康发展。
基于消费者心理距离之知识付费平台内容营销影响研究
Authors: 王 静
Published: March 2021

知识付费平台作为一种以知识为产品的新兴产物，是人们精神满足的方式之一，而内容为王一直是知识付费领域的核心之重。本文选取中国知识付费杰出代表喜马拉雅FM、得到平台和樊登读书为研究对象，结合内容营销与心理距离的相关理论，通过问卷设计与调查，收得有效问卷为302份，运用SPSS25.0软件对数据进行统计分析和模型验证，探讨内容营销的四个维度：功能性内容、娱乐性内容、社交性内容及情感性内容对消费者心理距离呈显著的正相关影响，并在此基础上提出相关建议。
浅析青海盐湖资源开发利用与可持续发展
Authors: 缪 文静 , 廖 汶钊
Published: March 2021

青海省是一个盐湖矿产资源相当富裕的省份，对于矿业的开发也是该省国民经济发展的四大支柱产业之一。青海省盐湖是国内目前少有的具有极高经济价值的盐湖资源，其锂、硼、钾、镁等资源的综合利用，可获得较好的经济效益，为地方和国家经济发展做出贡献。本文通过查阅文献、收集资料、取样分析数据以及采访咨询盐湖相关工作人员，研究青海盐湖资源是否可以走向可持续发展的道路；在盐湖开发中需要注重保护，在保护中完成开发，促进盐湖经济朝着可持续发展的方向发展。
基于G20集团贸易便利化对跨境电商的实证分析
Authors: 侯 慧芳 , 黄 泽炜
Published: March 2021

随着经济全球化的推动，科学技术的发展和资本要素的自由流动，越来越多的企业实现跨国贸易，推动了跨境电商的迅速发展。本文以G20集团数据为样本，利用主成分分析法（PCA）得到G20集团各个国家的贸易便利化指数，并通过实证分析验证贸易便利化对跨境电商的促进作用，可以得出如下结论：高水平的GDP、人口数量的增加对跨境电商具有促进作用，以及贸易便利化水平的发展对跨境电商具有重要的积极影响等。最终通过PCA中得到的结论从基础设施建设、简化通关流程、国际合作、电子商务环境这四个方面提出促进跨境电商发展的政策建议。
福建省海洋渔业综合竞争力评价研究
Authors: 陈 梦 , 张 珏
Published: March 2021

本文基于福建省情，通过设计生产要素、需求条件、市场结构、生产要素、相关及支持性产业、政府影响五方面共二十条指标，构建福建省海洋渔业综合竞争力指标体系，分别采用熵值法和层次分析法求取指标体系权重，并基于二者加权平均后的综合权重，结合福建、山东、浙江三大渔业大省数据进行验证，得出福建省海洋渔业在全国综合竞争力排名第二，但与山东省差距较大的基本结论。本文提出以市场为导向优化水产品结构、促进龙头企业建设、积极推动“智慧渔业”发展步伐、拓宽海洋渔业市场范围、推动“共享渔业”发展等政策建议。
泉州制造业的转型升级以智能制造为例
Authors: 苏 锦俊 , 黄 舒婷
Published: March 2021

在制造业领域，泉州作为典型代表，同时也是“中国制造2025”的唯一地方模范和实例。在明确2025年目标的基础上，泉州针对制造业先后颁布实施了一系列政策措施，以促进制造业转型以及智能制造业的发展，中高端制造业发展成效显着。本文以“中国制造2025”为背景，通过分析揭示出泉州制造业智能制造发展中优劣势、机遇和挑战，列出其发展成果，以针对泉州制造业智能化发展提出科学有效的建议；同时，提出了泉州制造业向全省乃至全国智能化转型升级带来的经验启示。
“恶势力”犯罪情节认定后的从重量刑规范以2019年中国裁判文书网100份涉“恶势力”犯罪的判决为样本分析
Authors: 方 言清
Published: March 2021

对“恶势力”犯罪从重处罚，既是扫黑除恶刑事政策变化的题中之义，也是“恶势力”犯罪特征的当然要求，应当在规范化量刑时，作为“酌定从重处罚情节”予以从重处罚。但是，如何从重处罚在实践中出现了一定偏差，存在未予从重处罚或不加区别地从重处罚两个误区，造成了“从严惩处”刑事政策适用不统一等问题；应在量刑中提高基准刑，并且提高的幅度应尽量统一、规范。“恶势力”团伙、犯罪集团的从重标准、不同罪数形态的从重规则要有所区别，要注意避免犯罪情节重复评价，规范加大财产刑的力度。经过对2019年中国裁判文书网100份涉“恶势力”犯罪的判决为样本分析，本文提出应对“恶势力”犯罪在量刑中提高基准刑，增加基准刑的10%-30%。具体调节比例确定时，还应结合个案中的相关因素予以调整，并区别不同的罪数形态，同时还应适用禁止重复评价原则。充分利用财产刑从严惩处，在对刑期在有期徒刑十年以下的“恶势力”犯罪的被告人并处财产刑时，可以判处犯罪金额二倍以上的罚金；对于刑期在有期徒刑十年以上的，可以并处没收财产。
新零售模式下零售边界与零售创新研究
Authors: 周 功建
Published: March 2021

电子商务在经历了近年来的高速发展之后，开始面临在线用户数量增速放缓、流量红利渐趋萎缩等现实问题与挑战。与此同时，随着人们经济收入水平的不断提升和社会经济增长，人们对消费过程中的体验关注程度远远高于对产品价格的关心程度，在线电子商务在满足消费者体验方面的短板也日益凸显。因此，以阿里巴巴集团为先导的电商企业，开始将目光转向“新零售”模式的构建，期望通过对在线、线下以及现代物流进行无缝对接与深度融合，探索到零售业新的增长点。本文基于新零售模式下零售边界与零售创新进行分析，并针对新零售业持续发展提出科学、合理对策，进而驱使零售业在行业、产业以及社会经济增长中发挥更大作用。
养老储备型金融产品与养老金融教育
Authors: 金 能斗
Published: March 2021

随着老龄化人口的逐年增加，养老问题成为亟待解决的课题。本文通过分别对养老保障体系中的第一支柱、第二支柱、第三支柱的发展演变过程、养老金融发展现状与不足的梳理，提出养老金第三支柱是未来形成多层次养老保险体系的重要组成部分，特别是鼓励商业银行、保险公司、基金、信托等金融机构提供多元化、适老性养老储备型金融产品的同时，养老金融发展过程中风险防范是必要。并且提出加强监管、建立系统化风险控制体系、创造养老金融发展的良好环境、保障养老资产增值保值、推动加强养老金融教育等具体建议。
差异化战略在我国餐饮行业的应用研究
Authors: 赵 伟晶
Published: March 2021

作为迈克尔·波特重要竞争战略之一，差异化战略的成功应用极大的促进了国内外企业的发展。本文以我国餐饮业三个成功企业为研究对象，分析其如何运用差异化战略提升企业竞争力，从而赢得顾客忠诚与市场地位。希望借此研究能够给我国其他餐饮企业以借鉴，以促进整个行业更好发展。
人民币升值与反J曲线效应实证研究
Authors: 周 若诗
Published: March 2021

近年来，由于中国经济实力的快速增长，贸易政策也随之不断改善，由此引起人民币的有效汇率不断走高，从常识理论来说，这将不利于中国商品的对外出口，并对贸易收支起到恶化的作用，而J曲线理论指出，在人民币贬值的过程中，会出现短暂的进口增加而出口减少的情况。由此可以推出，在人民币升值的过程中，是否会也出现出口增加而进口减少、贸易收支改善的相反情况，即出现所谓的反J曲线效应。 本文选取1995年到2019年中国的进口量、出口量以及贸易收支额作为被研究对象，人民币汇率、实际GDP、贸易伙伴的GDP指数、贸易政策作为解释变量，探究在中国是否真正存在实际意义上的反J曲线效应，从而对目前中国的经济形势做一些理论上分析和政策建议。在汇率方面选取实际有效汇率代替常用的对美元汇率，剔除了不同国家汇率不同的因素。其次本文将采用理论与实证相结合的方法进行综合分析，运用计量经济相关知识对数据采取单位根、协整、格兰杰因果等多方面检验，并建立了多元回归模型，力求完整分析出“反J曲线”效应。研究结果表明，在短期内人民币升值不会导致对外贸易的进口增加和出口减少，即不会引起我国对外贸易顺差的减少，存在时滞效应，人民币升值对我国贸易差额的影响存在“反J曲线”效应。
产品生命周期模型视角下中国高技术产业贸易的演变
Authors: 柯 郁馨 , 杨 佳华
Published: March 2021

近年来，中国高技术产业在社会经济发展中扮演着越来越重要的角色，现已发展成为衡量科技水平高低和经济发展质量的一大指标。我国进入新的发展阶段，国际经贸竞争格局与发展态势也变得更加复杂；作为国家经贸的重要组成部分，高技术产业的发展程度直接决定了一个国家的竞争优势。本研究根据七个国际贸易竞争力指标，得出我国当前三类高技术产品的进出口贸易现状；再基于产品生命周期理论，对中国、美国、日本以及越南四个国家进行对比分析，得出我国在其中S类与E类高技术产品处于生命产品周期的成长或成熟期，在其中O类产品则处于衰退、消亡阶段。总体而言，我国在高技术产品领域属于模仿国，在国际市场上尚不具备竞争优势，需快速向创新国与创新商品转型，努力提高我国高技术产业的国际地位。
3D lithostratigraphic model of the Paleogene of the onshore part of the Moesian Platform (Northeast Bulgaria)
Authors: Valchev Boris , Sachkov Dimitar , Juranov Sava
Published: March 2021

The Paleogene sedimentary rocks in the north-easternmost part of the territory of Bulgaria have been penetrated by numerous boreholes. In terms of regional tectonic zonation, the study area is a part of the onshore sector of the Moesian Platform, which partly includes the South Dobrogea Unit and the easternmost part of the North Bulgarian Dome with its eastern slope. The lithostratigraphy of the Paleogene successions consists of six formal units (the Komarevo, Beloslav, Dikilitash, Aladan, Avren, and Ruslar formations) and one informal unit (glauconitic marker). For compiling an overall conception of the regional aspects (lithology, thickness, spatial distribution, and relationships) of the individual lithostratigraphic units and for illustration of their spatial distribution, a 3D lithostratigraphic model based on reinterpretation of individual borehole sections has been created. The model database was compiled by integration of the original lithological data from 338 borehole sections.
Illite/smectite diagenesis and thermal evolution of Lower Cretaceous–Paleogene successions in the Dolna Kamchiya Depression, Eastern Bulgaria
Authors: Stefanov Yavor
Published: March 2021

The diagenesis of mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S) minerals in Lower Cretaceous–Paleogene successions from the Dolna Kamchiya Depression was studied, using X-ray diffraction analysis of the clay fraction (<2 μm) from core samples. The proportion of illite in I/S and degree of ordering increase with depth irrespective of the geological age, indicating that highly expandable I/S compositions were progressively illitized during the burial evolution. Lowest smectite values are recorded in the Lower Cretaceous deposits, whereas in the Paleogene sections are documented great regional variations in the I/S mineralogy, caused by differential basin subsidence. The transition from randomly interstratified (R0) to R1-ordered I/S occurs between depths of 2200 m and 2400 m, and crosscuts the major stratigraphic boundaries. The variable patterns of I/S depth profiles resulted from the combined influence of temperature, burial history, sedimentation and subsidence rates, and basin geodynamic types on diagenesis. The rapid increase in illite content in the I/S clays across the main unconformities reflects the great thickness of eroded sediments during uplift and denudation events and/or elevated heat flow. The reconstructed palaeogeothermal gradient for the Eocene after corrections for decompaction and erosion would correspond to the values for foreland basin settings reported in the literature. Application of the I/S geothermometer to the Lower Cretaceous–Paleogene rocks demonstrates a general trend of increased organic maturity toward southeast in relatively isochronous deposits. The new results appear to be the first record for the effect of a multiphase basin evolution on the smectite illitization in sedimentary successions from the Dolna Kamchiya Depression.
Fossil sea lilies of the genus Isselicrinus Rovereto, 1914 from the lower Oligocene, Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Authors: Kirilova Lidiya , Georgiev Vladimir
Published: March 2021

Fossil sea lilies of the genus Isselicrinus Rovereto, 1914 were found near the village of Raven, Momchilgrad Municipality, in the Eastern Rhodopes in 1978. They were recovered from the rocks of the Raven complex. The latter is composed of rhyolite pyroclastics with layers of reef limestones. With the Ar/Ar method, the pyroclastics of thе Raven complex have been dated as 31.19–30.97 Ma (early Oligocene). The presence of reef limestones suggests shallow coastal waters with normal salinity and a warm climate, in which Isselicrinus lived. These were the outskirts of a tropical basin, inhabited by faunas, which today have their descendants in the tropical areas.
Origin of fabric-selective dolomitization recognizable in the field: two case studies from Anisian carbonate rocks in the western Balkanides
Authors: Chatalov Athanas
Published: March 2021

The origin of dolomitized burrows (Cruziana ichnofacies) in limestones and dolomitic layers in limestone-dolostone ribbon rocks was studied on the basis of petrography, X-ray diffractometry, geochemical data and isotope signatures of the dolomites. Selective dolomitization of the burrows with a local source of Mg occurred in a near-surface setting from non-evaporitic solutions with low Mg/Ca ratio. The low-temperature precipitation of non-stoichiometric (with Ca excess) dolomite was microbially mediated and controlled by bacterial sulphate reduction. The carbon for dolomite formation was largely derived from seawater and/or dissolution of precursor carbonate sediments, and partly derived from the decomposition of organic matter. Selective dolomitization of primarily argillaceous carbonate layers in the ribbon rocks was mainly associated with an autochthonous source of Mg. Clay mineral transformations (i.e., illitization of smectite) at intermediate burial depths supplied Mg ions for the formation of Ca-rich (locally ferroan) dolomite. However, differential diagenesis of the originally clay-rich and clay-poor layers may also have favoured early dolomite precipitation, whereupon contemporaneous seawater was the primary Mg source during shallow burial. The obtained results show that various factors control the formation of fine-grained, non-stoichiometric dolomite with macroscopically recognizable fabric-selective character of replacement.
Fossil fault zones: significance and applications
Authors: Ehteshami-Moinabadi Mohsen
Published: March 2021

Fossil faults are permanently inactive fault zones, preserved and recognized in the geological record of an area by major brittle, semi-brittle, or mylonitic fault rocks, showing significant width and displacement. Applications and purposes of fossil fault researches include, but are not limited to, investigation on seismic faulting, analog model of active faults, metal ore deposits, paleo-path and fluid migration, deformation mechanism and fault migration along-strike and down-dip. These categories involve subsidiary subjects, some of which are relatively new and seem to attract more attention. Fossil faults are a major source of information about past geological processes that were active at some depth in Earth’s lithosphere, and also provide an opportunity for assuming and predicting the future in structural geology. This paper reviews the researches done on fossil faults and their applications since the early 1970s, albeit not always listed as “fossil faults”.
Practical application of kinesiotaping in the case of a cesarean section scar
Authors:   Unisono Medica, Daniszewska-Jarząb Iga , Jarząb Sławomir ,   Divison of Rehabilitation in Movement Disorders, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University
Published: March 2021

A scar is a skin change resulting from the healing process following, among others, a mechanical injury. Its reconstruction is an important stage that determines the final appearance of the scar and the functionality of the adjacent tissues. The aim of the study is to present the possibility of kinesiotaping in reducing the undesirable effects of a postoperative scar after a C-section on tissue mobility and disturbance of muscle tone. Kinesiotaping supports the spontaneous healing of the scar by reducing pain sensations, activating the lymphatic system, microcirculation, improving the functioning of the surrounding muscles and joints and normalizing muscle tension. Taping the scars is carried out using various techniques, where the direction of sticking or the extent to which the tape is stretched is important. The following techniques are useful in the treatment of caesarean scars: the Z technique, the step technique or the isolated fascial technique.
Life satisfaction and increased self-perceived attractiveness as psychological benefits of physical activity
Authors: Barczak Paulina , Bednarek Hanna
Published: March 2021

The studies demonstrate the relationship between higher level of life satisfaction and exercise. The purpose of this article was to determine what type of physical activity, CrossFit training or Latin Dance, positively impacts the level of life satisfaction and self-perceived physical attractiveness in young adults. After CrossFit and Latin Dance training participants declared greater overall satisfaction with life, greater life optimism, increased self-efficacy and greater self-esteem. The results of the authors’ study may be an important contribution to the discussion about factors influencing human well-being. Furthermore, the research could be a scientific argument to promote physical activity among young adults.
Program for the Analysis of Plane Trusses
Authors: Makunza John k.
Published: March 2021

The ‘TRAP - TRuss Analysis Program’ can assist engineers in the analysis of plane truss-type structures, as well asprove an excellent basis for understanding the “finite – element” method. The Program is completely menu-driven, withall nodes, elements, and load data entered through an input file. TRAP includes plotting for displaying the truss geometryin its original shape showing all nodes and support points. In the analysis process, firstly the structure data; e.g numberof nodes, elements, materials and supports are to be defined. Secondly, element properties and support constraints haveto be specified. Finally, nodal global loads are then defined. The program output include; displacements for each node,axial forces, length of each element and reactions at the supports.The program aims at reducing the time of analysis and increase the accuracy of calculations as well as storage of theanalysed data. The program caters for manual methods of truss analysis such as method of sections or joint method. Ithas been found that the program is efficient and has no limitations on the number of nodes and elements. The program is suitable for use by design engineers in analysing Plane – Trusses of any size.
Foaming Characteristics of the Food-Industry Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Manyele S.V.
Published: March 2021

Intensive foaming observed during aeration of the aerobic food industry wastewater treatment plant is presented. Thisstudy was conducted to establish the foaming characteristics using a pilot three-phase fluidized bed bioreactor (TPFBB).A fluidization column (0.2 m i.d. and 6 m high) was used. The TPFBB was loaded with variable masses of novel biomasssupport particles (BSP). Wastewater samples collected from a plant processing both vegetable oil (VOPWW) and soap(SPWW) were immediately introduced in the TPFBB for aeration. The characteristics studied include: variation of foamvolume with time, foam multiplicity, foaming and foam collapse rates. The SPWW produced excessive foam volumes at ahigher rate and higher foam multiplicity compared to VOPWW. Dilution, increasing aeration rate or BSP loading led tohigher foaming rate, which decreased with time. Spraying wastewater at the top of the liquid surface minimized foamingrate.
Optimal Utilization of Timber Poles as Structural Members of Formwork
Authors: Lwambuka Ladslausi
Published: March 2021

Timber poles of the type “Mirunda” are commonly used in East Africa as formwork support structures for casting of reinforced concrete slabs, beams and canopies. It is also widely known that the “Mirunda” poles as structural members of formwork are massively used without any structural consideration and guidance. This common practice has resulted into wastage of natural resources and escalated construction costs. This study has attempted to establish the load bearing capacity of randomly selected “Mirunda” poles through laboratory testing. Using an existing construction site as a casestudy, the results have been used to establish the actual number of timber poles required to support freshly castreinforced concrete slabs, beams and canopies. The loading has been assumed for normal accessibility as perspecifications in BS 6399: Part1 (1984).with a dynamic factor arising from the impact of dropping the concreteonto the formwork as well as the dynamic effect of the concrete vibrating machine. A comparison has beenmade between the actual requirement and the quantity of timber poles counted on site. On basis of the studyfindings appropriate recommendations have been provided on how “Mirunda” poles can be optimally utilized as structural members of formwork.
Preliminary Estimates of Building Cost and the Lowest Evaluated Tender
Authors: Eliufoo Harriet
Published: March 2021

The paper has investigated and established to what extent are preliminary estimates of building costs close to the lowestevaluated tender and how geographical proximity influences the variance between preliminary estimate and the lowestevaluated tender.A multiple case study constituting 43 building projects in Tanzania were statistically analysed covering a period from1995- 1999. Findings reveal a significant variance exists between the quantity surveyor’s preliminary estimate figureand the lowest evaluated tender; and that the variance between the quantity surveyor’s figure and the bidder is smallwhen the proposed building project is geographically closer to the quantity surveyor’s base. Analysis of variance (one -way) has shown geographical distance has a statistical significance on the variance between the preliminary estimatesand the lowest evaluated tender.The study has established that the object of preliminary estimates in building costs, that of making the client aware of hisfinancial obligations at early stages of a building project are not met fully.
Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir System Simulation by Using Hec-ressim Model
Authors: Mulungu Deogratias M.M. , Ng’ondya Rejea , Mtalo Felix
Published: March 2021

This research paper focused on estimating effective water and optimization of the NyM reservoir for storageconservation and hydropower generation. Several models were used in the study: the Rainfall-Runoff model, GFFS wasused to fill in missing data, and the HEC-ResSim Model and the NWBM for reservoir system simulation and waterbalance respectively. The effective inflows to the NyM reservoir were determined using HEC-ResSim model and theNWBM used to check the total water loss in the system. For the reservoir system simulation, the HEC-ResSim model wasused to estimate water loss through irrigation abstractions in Kikuletwa and Ruvu reaches before water enters the NyMreservoir. The loss was estimated to be 27% of the total inflows at 1DD1 and 1DC1 gauging stations upstream thereservoir. Reservoir evaporation was estimated using pan evaporation data collected from NyM meteorological station.The effective inflows are important data to the reservoir system simulations for power production. The mean value ofeffective water reaching the NyM compared well with the previous study measurement of the dry season value, which wasdone before the dam construction. The HEC-ResSim simulated releases were used to determine the power production atNyM hydropower plant. Considering water abstractions, the first simulated alternative favored storage conservation inthe reservoir. The power achieved in this alternative was 7% above the TANESCO production (41.6 GWh/yr). Thesecond simulated alternative was to maximize power production at NyM hydropower plant. This alternative yielded 13%above TANESCO production. Despite the high energy attainable in maximization option, the reservoir water levels trendwas seen to draw down drastically. The study also investigated the extent of the impact brought about by the abstractedwater. If irrigation abstractions were restricted from the two reaches then power production would increase by 11.5GWh. This increment is about 24% above the power produced when abstraction is allowed in Ruvu and Kikuletwa Riverreaches.
Socio-Economic Impacts of Water Scarcity in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mwakalila Shatdrack
Published: March 2021

Drought and the resulting low water levels in rivers exacerbate water scarcity conditions in Dar es Salaam city. Theresult is frequent water rationing in areas served with piped water, sometimes for days or weeks, and low water pressure,which leads residents to resort to other less safe and sometimes more expensive water sources. The frequent and currentresponse to the inadequate piped water supply in Dar es Salaam has been the use of groundwater resources. There areboth public and private bore-holes and wells drilling companies in Dar es Salaam.. This paper therefore, presents somesocio-economic impacts of water scarcity in Dar es Salaam city. The methodology employed in field data andinformation collection includes interviews, questionnaire, focus group discussions and participatory observation. This isdata triangulation, an essential technique for improving the reliability of data and information. The study reveals that theparticipation of local community (including water vendors and private business entrepreneurs) in water delivery systemsthrough drilling bore-holes and shallow wells has improved water supplies in the study areas. However, the study hasrevealed some problems related to water scarcity in Dar es Salaam. These include high prices for water, poor sanitationand hygiene, unsafe and unclean water and inconvenient payment systems. Poor sanitation is related to stagnant wateraround the bore-holes and shallow wells. It is noted that unsafe water is mainly a problem for those obtaining water fromwater vendors and/or hire young men to collect water for household uses. However, the study concludes that individual’sparticipation in water delivery systems in Dar es Salaam City has positively improved the life standards of the localpeople, particularly the poor.
Adaptive IIR Filters for Single Interference Suppression in a BPSK DS CDMA System In Rayleigh Fading Channel
Authors: Mvuma Aloys
Published: March 2021

In this paper, effect of a single narrow-band interference (NBI) on bit error rate (BER) performance for a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) synchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS CDMA) communication system operating in a frequency nonselective Rayleigh fading channel is analyzed. Second-order adaptive infinite impulseresponse (IIR) notch filters with plain gradient algorithm (GA) for suppression of NBI in the DS CDMA system are proposed. A general closed-form BER expression for the DS CDMA system with NBI suppression second order adaptive IIR notch filters is derived based on the standard Gaussian approximation (SGA) method. BER expressions are then derived for the allpass filter-based adaptive IIR notch filter and adaptive IIR notch filter with constrained poles and zeros, the two structures that are commonly found in literature. It is observed that both adaptive IIR notch filter structures exhibit comparable BER performance. Extensive computer simulation results are presented to verify the accuracy and limitations of the analysis.
Software Engineering: A fundamental Approach to Automate and Interface Medical Electronic Systems with Computers in Healthcare Systems
Authors: Twaakyondo Hashim M. , Mbowe Joseph E.
Published: March 2021

The cost for application software and propriatry standards (i.e. data structure and formats) required for storing clinicaldatasets from electronic device cause the use of time-consuming paper-based documentation and/or the transfer ofelectronic lab records manually to the PC database systems in Mother-Offspring Malaria Study (MOMS) LaboratoryUnit located in Morogoro Regional Hospital, Tanzania. We have explored the ability to extract laboratory results fromHaematology analyzer machine for easy management, access and storage. The methodology and tools used during thestudy includes; site survey and hands-on practice for requirement engineering, visual basic 6.0 for interface design andMicrosoft Access for relational database design. The study has developed a model “ CO mpose- TRA ansmit- CO nvent-CO mpose” convention (acronym COTRACOCO) to implements an open serial port interface that required only a driverclass to execute the labs outputs for storage in database with at run-time with less programming knowledge. The studydemonstrated that the COTRACOCO convention presented is general and may promote a new paradigm for establishingthe robust serial port communication systems for any digital device.
A geotechnical Study on the Characteristics of Swell-Shrink Soils in Kibaha, Tanzania
Authors: Lucian Charles , Hintze Staffan , Msambichaka Joseph J.
Published: March 2021

The properties of Swell-shrink of the soils in Kibaha were studied. Geotechnical and mineralogical tests were carried outon disturbed and undisturbed samples recovered from trial pits at different locations. Using empirical relationships, theswelling potential of the soil was established in correlation with the soil plasticity limits and grain size analysis (claycontents). The average values for the plastic, liquid and linear shrinkage limits for soils were 22.2%, 60.7% and 14.5%respectively. The plasticity Index (PI) which is the difference between liquid limits and plastic limits ranges from 27% to47.4% with an average of 38.5%. The natural water content is very small ranging from 7% to 11% with an average of9.6% which is smaller than the corresponding shrinkage limit.Furthermore, the samples were tested for percentage of volume change in free swell tests and swelling pressure in one-dimensional swell tests. The free swell and upward pressure were in the excess of 100% to 150% and 50 kParespectively. In addition, the coefficient of linear extensibility ranged from 0.09 to 0.14 signifying high to very high swell-shrink potential.Finally, the main clay mineral present in the sample was determined by running the X-ray diffraction (XRD) test. The x-ray diffraction scan indicated the presence of high proportion of clay minerals (smectite) in the soils.
Impacts of Lake Victoria Level Fluctuations to Livelihoods Missungwi District Case Study
Authors: Kimaro T.A. , Fidelis R.
Published: March 2021

Lake Victoria experienced drastic levels changes in 2005 causing great inconveniences to lakeside communities. Thisstudy investigated effects of these changes on livelihoods through questionnaire surveys, focused group discussions,interviews and analysis of fish catches, diseases, crops, and lake levels data. Results indicate recession of levels hadvarious socio-economic impacts. The changes caused severe water shortage due to drying up of shallow wells and aremarkable increase in prevalence of schistosomiasis because of increased utilization of lake water. There was noevidence for impact of level changes on malaria and diarrhea. Decline of water levels caused decline in fish catches dueto retreat of water from breeding sites. However receding waters created a new land for cultivation which helped toboost Maize and sweet potatoes production. The results emphasize on ensuring stability of lake levels to avoid negativeimpacts on livelihoods and to maintain ecological integrity of the lake.