bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generation of Wide Color Gamut in a Collisional and Magnetized Plasma by Laser‐Induced Coloration on Composite Structure Surfaces
Authors: Zhao He , Xia Tong , Cao Siyuan , Chen Yuhao , Zhang Penglei , Zhang Qian , Hou Yubin , Song Yanrong , Wang Pu
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a new scheme for generating a wide gamut of structural colors on the thin‐film‐stack‐based (TFSB) substrates is proposed. The TFSB surfaces consist of titanium/random gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and titanium/ random gold and copper nanoparticles (Au+CuNPs), which can trigger more resonance absorption and widen the color gamut. The electric fields in two designed structures are simulated, and the results showed that the random distribution of AuNPs and Au+CuNPs enhance the uniform local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) response. This enhancement is crucial in broadening the coverage of the reflection spectrum, which enables the generation of a wide range of colors, including green and red. The influence of laser parameters on the color of TFSB substrates and tested their durability in terms of time is analyzed. Finally, a color palette and made structural color patterns on TFSB by nanosecond pulsed laser are prepared. The proposed new scheme can be easily fabricated by magnetron sputtering without requiring additional procedures, which can open new perspectives in plasmonic colors. This work demonstrates that the promising potential of methods in creating a wide color gamut on metallic surfaces. Additionally, it serves as a means to store information for the preservation and protection of traditional cultures.
Hybrid Catalysts in Photoredox Arylation of Sodium Arylsulfinates
Authors: Ionova Violetta A. , Abel Anton S. , Averin Alexei D. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: May 2024

Complexes [(bpy)2Ru(BL)](PF6)2 (Ru(BL), BL=N,N‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,10‐phenanthrolinamine) have been investigated in the coupling reaction of aryl halides and sodium arylsulfinates under visible light irradiation. The position (3, 4 or 5) of the nickel‐coordinating di(pyridin‐2‐yl)amine fragment in the 1,10‐phenanthroline core has a strong influence on the activity of the catalytic system. The advantage of binding fragments of photocatalyst and metal complex into one molecule in the systems with bridging ligands N,N‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,10‐phenanthrolin‐3‐amine (BL1) and N,N‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,10‐phenanthrolin‐4‐amine (BL2), in comparison with mixed catalytic systems, is shown. With Ru(BL2) photocatalysts it is possible to reduce the loading to 0.1 mol%, instead of the commonly used 1–2 mol%, and to eliminate the use of the additional ligand for nickel. Under these conditions, more than 20 diarylsulfones of different structures were synthesized in 25–95% yields.
Oxidative Rearrangement Approach for the Ring Contraction of N−H Piperidines to Pyrrolidines
Authors: Takashima Mirei , Miyoshi Makoto , Sako Makoto , Arisawa Mitsuhiro , Murai Kenichi
Published: May 2024

We have developed a method for ring contraction of N−H piperidines using oxidative rearrangement with PhI(OAc)2. The reaction forms iminium ion intermediates that are effectively trapped by nucleophiles (e. g., NaBH4, H2O) yielding the corresponding pyrrolidine derivatives. Additionally, we propose an ionic mechanism supported by experiments and density‐functional theory calculations.
Soy Peptide Supplementation Mitigates Undernutrition through Reprogramming Hepatic Metabolism in a Novel Undernourished Non‐Human Primate Model
Authors: Xu Zhenzhen , Amakye William Kwame , Ren Zhengyu , Xu Yongzhao , Liu Wei , Gong Congcong , Wong Chiwai , Gao Li , Zhao Zikuan , Wang Min , Yan Tao , Ye Zhiming , Zhong Jun , Hou Chuanli , Zhao Miao , Qiu Can , Tan Jieqiong , Xu Xin , Liu Guoyan , Yao Maojin , Ren Jiaoyan
Published: May 2024

In spite of recent advances in the field of undernutrition, current dietary therapy relying on the supply of high protein high calorie formulas is still plagued with transient recovery of impaired organs resulting in significant relapse of cases. This is partly attributed to the inadequacy of current research models in recapitulating clinical undernutrition for mechanistic exploration. Using 1636 Macaca fascicularis monkeys, a human‐relevant criterion for determining undernutrition weight‐for‐age z‐score (WAZ), with a cutoff point of ≤ −1.83 is established as the benchmark for identifying undernourished nonhuman primates (U‐NHPs). In U‐NHPs, pathological anomalies in multi‐organs are revealed. In particular, severe dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism characterized by impaired fatty acid oxidation due to mitochondria dysfunction, but unlikely peroxisome disorder, is identified as the anchor metabolic aberration in U‐NHPs. Mitochondria dysfunction is typified by reduced mito‐number, accumulated long‐chain fatty acids, and disruption of OXPHOS complexes. Soy peptide‐treated U‐NHPs increase in WAZ scores, in addition to attenuated mitochondria dysfunction and restored OXPHOS complex levels. Herein, innovative criteria for identifying U‐NHPs are developed, and unknown molecular mechanisms of undernutrition are revealed hitherto, and it is further proved that soypeptide supplementation reprogramed mitochondrial function to re‐establish lipid metabolism balance and mitigated undernutrition.
A Test Case: Synthesis and Evaluation of 6‐(Pyrazolyl)‐Indole Hybrid Molecules as Potential Anti‐Tuberculosis Agents
Authors: Mohammed Zabiulla K. , Ranjan Prabodh , Ranganatham Archakam , Manickan Elanchezhiyan , Yellappa Shivaraj
Published: May 2024

In this study, we synthesized and characterized various 6‐(pyrazolyl)‐indole derivatives using various spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C, FT‐IR and Mass). Substituents including electron‐withdrawing (formyl, nitrile, carboxylic acid, ester, amide, nitro) and donating groups (methylene alcohol, chloro) were introduced at the 5th position of the pyrazole ring, yielding pyrazole‐indole compounds (16 a–16 r). These compounds were assessed for anti‐tuberculosis screening against H37Rv and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Notably, 16 c, 16 j, and 16 o showed potent activity (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration <25 μg/mL) compared to standard drugs such as Rifampicin, Isoniazid, and Pyrazinamide. Molecular level understanding was enhanced through density functional theory (DFT) geometry optimization preceding molecular docking, revealing significant interactions between ligand and protein, supporting the antitubercular activity of 16 c, 16 j, and 16 o.
Recent Advance in the β‐Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Deoxy Glycosides
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Dong Hai
Published: May 2024

Compounds containing a 2‐deoxy β‐glycoside linkage play important roles in carbohydrate chemistry, serving as potential therapies with significant biological properties. From the viewpoint of synthesis, many strategies developed in recent years targeted the stereoselective construction of 2‐deoxy glycosides. This review aims to summarise recent advances in the synthetic routes toward 2‐deoxy β‐glycosides developed over the last decade. Where associated, practical applications of these strategies in the total synthesis of natural products are highlighted.
Constructing An Oxyhalide Interface for 4.8 V‐Tolerant High‐Nickel Cathodes in All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yuankai , Yu Tao , Xu Sheng , Sun Yu , Li Jingchang , Xu Xiangqun , Li Haoyu , Zhang Min , Tian Jiamin , Hou Ruilin , Rao Yuan , Zhou Haoshen , Guo Shaohua
Published: May 2024

All‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSBs) have received increasing attentions as one promising candidate for the next‐generation energy storage devices. Among various solid electrolytes, sulfide‐based ASSBs combined with layered oxide cathodes have emerged due to the high energy density and safety performance, even at high‐voltage conditions. However, the interface compatibility issues remain to be solved at the interface between the oxide cathode and sulfide electrolyte. To circumvent this issue, we propose a simple but effective approach to magic the adverse surface alkali into a uniform oxyhalide coating on LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) via a controllable gas‐solid reaction. Due to the enhancement of the close contact at interface, the ASSBs exhibit improved kinetic performance across a broad temperature range, especially at the freezing point. Besides, owing to the high‐voltage tolerance of the protective layer, ASSBs demonstrate excellent cyclic stability under high cutoff voltages (500 cycles~94.0 % at 4.5 V, 200 cycles~80.4 % at 4.8 V). This work provides insights into using a high voltage stable oxyhalide coating strategy to enhance the development of high energy density ASSBs.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkenylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Lin Chuiyi , Zhang Jiwu , Sun Zhao , Guo Yinlong , Chong Qinglei , Zhang Zhihan , Meng Fanke
Published: May 2024

Catalytic enantioselective alkenylation of aldehydes with easily accessible alkenyl halides promoted by a chiral cobalt complex derived from a newly developed tridentate bisoxazolinephosphine is presented. Such processes represent an unprecedented reaction pathway for cobalt catalysis and a general approach that enable rapid construction of highly diversified enantioenriched allylic alcohols containing a 1,1‐, 1,2‐disubstituted and trisubstituted alkene as well as axial stereogenicity in up to 99 % yield and 99 : 1 er without the need of preformation of alkenyl–metal reagents. DFT calculations revealed the origin of enantioselectivity.
Umpolung‐Enabled Divergent Dearomative Carbonylations
Authors: Wang Ming‐Yang , Zeng Wei‐Long , Chen Lin , Yuan Yu‐Fei , Li Wei
Published: May 2024

Although dearomative functionalizations enable the direct conversion of flat aromatics into precious three‐dimensional architectures, the case for simple arenes remains largely underdeveloped owing to the high aromatic stabilization energy. We herein report a dearomative sequential addition of two nucleophiles to arene π‐bonds through umpolung of chromium–arene complexes. This mode enables divergent dearomative carbonylation reactions of benzene derivatives by tolerating various nucleophiles in combination with alcohols or amines under CO‐gas‐free conditions, thus providing modular access to functionalized esters or amides. The tunable synthesis of 1,3‐ or 1,4‐cyclohexadienes as well as the construction of carbon quaternary centers further highlight the versatility of this dearomatization. Diverse late‐stage modifications and derivatizations towards synthetically challenging and bioactive molecules reveal the synthetic utility. A possible mechanism was proposed based on control experiments and intermediate tracking.
Modulating Hydrogen Shuttling in Ammonia by Neutral and Cationic Boron‐Containing Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs)
Authors: Crumpton Agamemnon E. , Heilmann Andreas , Aldridge Simon
Published: May 2024

Xanthene‐backbone FLPs featuring secondary borane functions −B(ArX)H (where ArX=C6F5 (ArF) or C6Cl5 (ArCl)) have been targeted through reactions of the dihydroboranes Me2S ⋅ BArXH2 with [4,5‐xanth(PR2)Li]2 (R=Ph, iPr), and investigated in the synthesis of related cationic systems via hydride abstraction. The reactivity of these systems (both cationic and charge neutral) with ammonia have been probed, with a view to probing the potential for proton shuttling via N−H bond ‘activation.’ We find that in the case of four‐coordinate boron systems (cationic or change neutral), the N−H linkage remains intact, supported by a NH⋅⋅⋅P hydrogen bond which is worth up to 17 kcal mol−1 thermodynamically, and enabled by planarization of the flexible xanthene scaffold. For cationic three coordinate systems, N‐to‐P proton transfer is viable, driven by the ability of the boron centre to stabilise the [NH2]− conjugate base through N‐to‐B π bonding. This proton transfer can be shown to be reversible in the presence of excess ammonia, depending on the nature of the B‐bound ArX group. It is viable in the case of C6F5 substituents, but is prevented by the more sterically encumbering and secondary donor‐stabilising capabilities of the C6Cl5 substituent.
Engineering Single‐Atom Sites with the Irving–Williams Series for the Simultaneous Co‐photocatalytic CO2 Reduction and CH3CHO Oxidation
Authors: Li Jian , Du Minghao , Wu Zhenfa , Zhang Xinru , Xue Wenjuan , Huang Hongliang , Zhong Chongli
Published: May 2024

The bonding effects between 3d transition‐metal single sites and supports originate from crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE). The 3d transition‐metal atoms of the spontaneous geometrical distortions, that is the Jahn–Teller effect, can alter CFSE, thereby leading to the Irving–Williams series. However, engineering single‐atom sites (SASs) using the Irving–Williams series as an ideal guideline has not been reported to date. Herein, alkynyl‐linked covalent phenanthroline frameworks (CPFs) with phenanthroline units are developed to anchor the desired 3d single metal ions from d5 to d10 (Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+). The Irving–Williams series was employed to accurately predict the bonding effects between 3d transition‐metal atoms and phenanthroline units. To verify this, theoretical calculations and experimental results reveal that Cu‐SASs/CPFs exhibits higher stability and faster charge‐transfer efficiency, far surpassing other metal‐SASs/CPFs. As expected, Cu‐SASs/CPFs demonstrates a high photoreduction of CO2‐to‐CO activity (~30.3 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1) and an exceptional photooxidation of CH3CHO‐to‐CH3COOH activity (~24.7 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1). Interestingly, the generated *O2− is derived from the process of CO2 reduction, thereby triggering a CH3CHO oxidation reaction. This work provides a novel design concept for designing SASs by the Irving–Williams to regulate the catalytic performances.
Chloride‐ and Hydrosulfide‐Bound 2Fe Complexes as Models of the Oxygen‐Stable State of [FeFe] Hydrogenase
Authors: Liu Yu‐Chiao , Chu Kai‐Ti , Wang Hong‐Ru , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Tseng Mei‐Chun , Wang Cheng‐Hsin , Horng Yih‐Chern , Chiang Ming‐Hsi
Published: May 2024

[FeFe] hydrogenases demonstrate remarkable catalytic efficiency in hydrogen evolution and oxidation processes. However, susceptibility of these enzymes to oxygen‐induced degradation impedes their practical deployment in hydrogen‐production devices and fuel cells. Recent investigations into the oxygen‐stable (Hinact) state of the H‐cluster revealed its inherent capacity to resist oxygen degradation. Herein, we present findings on Cl‐ and SH‐bound [2Fe‐2S] complexes, bearing relevance to the oxygen‐stable state within a biological context. A characteristic attribute of these complexes is the terminal Cl−/SH− ligation to the iron center bearing the CO bridge. Structural analysis of the t‐Cl demonstrates a striking resemblance to the Hinact state of DdHydAB and CbA5H. The t‐Cl/t‐SH exhibit reversible oxidation, with both redox species, electronically, being the first biomimetic analogs to the Htrans and Hinact states. These complexes exhibit notable resistance against oxygen‐induced decomposition, supporting the potential oxygen‐resistant nature of the Htrans and Hinact states. The swift reductive release of the Cl‐/SH‐group demonstrates its labile and kinetically controlled binding. The findings garnered from these investigations offer valuable insights into properties of the enzymatic O2‐stable state, and key factors governing deactivation and reactivation conversion. This work contributes to the advancement of bio‐inspired molecular catalysts and the integration of enzymes and artificial catalysts into H2‐evolution devices and fuel‐cell applications.
Lithium Borate Polycarbonates for High‐Capacity Solid‐State Composite Cathodes
Authors: Charlesworth Thomas , Yiamsawat Kanyapat , Gao Hui , Rees Gregory J. , Williams Charlotte K. , Bruce Peter G. , Pasta Mauro , Gregory Georgina L.
Published: May 2024

Improving composite cathode function is key to the success of the solid‐state battery. Maximizing attainable cathode capacity and retention requires integrating suitable polymeric binders that retain a sufficiently high ionic conductivity and long‐term chemo‐mechanical stability of the cathode active material‐solid‐electrolyte‐carbon mixture. Herein, we report block copolymer networks composed of lithium borate polycarbonates and poly(ethylene oxide) that improved the capacity (200 mAh g−1 at 1.75 mA cm−2) and capacity retention (94 % over 300 cycles) of all‐solid‐state composite cathodes with nickel‐rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode active material, Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte, and carbon. Tetrahedral B(OR)2(OH)2− anions immobilized on the polycarbonate segments provide hydrogen‐bonding chain crosslinking and selective Li‐counterion conductivity, parameterized by Li‐ion transference numbers close to unity (tLi+~0.94). With 90 wt % polycarbonate content and a flexible low glass transition temperature backbone, the single‐ion conductors achieved high Li‐ion conductivities of 0.2 mS cm−1 at 30 °C. The work should inform future binder design for improving the processability of cathode composites towards commercializing solid‐state batteries, and allow use in other cell configurations, such as lithium‐sulphur cathode designs.
Formation, Structure and Reactivity of a Beryllium(0) Complex with Mgδ+−Beδ− Bond Polarization
Authors: Berthold Chantsalmaa , Maurer Johannes , Klerner Lukas , Harder Sjoerd , Buchner Magnus R.
Published: May 2024

Attempts to create a novel Mg−Be bond by reaction of [(DIPePBDI*)MgNa]2 with Be[N(SiMe3)2]2 failed; DIPePBDI*=HC[(tBu)C=N(DIPeP)]2, DIPeP=2,6‐Et2C‐phenyl. Even at elevated temperatures, no conversion was observed. This is likely caused by strong steric shielding of the Be center. A similar reaction with the more open Cp*BeCl gave in quantitative yield (DIPePBDI*)MgBeCp* (1). The crystal structure shows a Mg−Be bond of 2.469(4) Å. Homolytic cleavage of the Mg−Be bond requires ΔH=69.6 kcal mol−1 (cf. CpBe−BeCp 69.0 kcal mol−1 and (DIPPBDI)Mg−Mg(DIPPBDI) 55.8 kcal mol−1). Natural‐Population‐Analysis (NPA) shows fragment charges: (DIPePBDI*)Mg +0.27/BeCp* −0.27. The very low NPA charge on Be (+0.62) compared to Mg (+1.21) and the strongly upfield 9Be NMR signal at −23.7 ppm are in line with considerable electron density on Be and the formal oxidation state assignment of MgII−Be0. Despite this Mgδ+−Beδ− polarity, 1 is extremely thermally stable and unreactive towards H2, CO, N2, cyclohexene and carbodiimide. It reacted with benzophenone, azobenzene, phenyl acetylene, CO2 and CS2. Reaction with 1‐adamantyl azide led to reductive coupling and formation of an N6‐chain. The azide reagent also inserted in the Cp*−Be bond. The inertness of 1 is likely due to bulky ligands protecting the Mg−Be unit.
Improvement of thermal stability, flame retardancy, hydrophobicity, tear and wear performance of polyester fabrics with graphene nanoplatelet coating
Authors: Manasoglu Gizem , Celen Rumeysa , Kanmaz Dilayda
Published: May 2024

In this study, graphene nanoplatelets were applied to polyester fabrics using the knife‐coating method at different concentrations (50, 100, and 150 g/kg). SEM, DSC, and TGA/DTG analyses were performed. The influence of graphene coating on hydrophobicity and surface roughness was examined by water contact angle (WCA) measurement and root mean square roughness, respectively. Abrasion resistance and tear strength tests were also performed. The effect of graphene used as a filler on the flammability of polyester fabric was evaluated for the first time according to the BS 5852 standard. No significant weight loss (only in the range of 0.4%–1.5%) was observed in the graphene‐coated samples even after 100,000 cycles. While the WCA value was 0 for the uncoated fabric, the blind coating and maximum graphene‐coated sample measured 86° and 95°, respectively. The coating process reduced the roughness of the base fabric, and the decrease continued with the increasing graphene ratio. The tear strength values that were 45.5 N in the warp and 53.6 N in the weft direction in the blind coating, increased to 52.2 and 59.1 N, respectively, at the maximum graphene concentration. Graphene coating enhanced thermal stability, increased hydrophobicity, and improved flame retardancy in the test using a smoldering cigarette.
Temperature dependent cut‐resistance properties of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene based knitted textiles
Authors: Singh Shubham , Somkuwar Viraj Uttamrao , Maurya Sandeep Kumar , Garg Hema , Das Apurba , Kumar Nandan , Kumar Bipin
Published: May 2024

The increasing awareness of safety standards for personal protective equipment in various industries and everyday life has significantly increased the demand for effective cut‐resistance clothing to prevent injuries. Ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), renowned for its strength, is predominantly used to produce cut‐protective clothing for sectors such as automotive, manufacturing, glass, and metal. These cut‐resistance clothing are often exposed to harsh workplace conditions, including elevated temperatures, which can compromise their structural integrity and diminish their cut‐protection efficacy. The present work investigates the effect of temperature on the cut‐resistance performance of core‐spun UHMWPE yarns integrated with stainless‐steel and glass filament‐based knitted fabrics. Cut‐performance was assessed across industrial work handling temperatures ranging from 30 to 75°C. Furthermore, thermal cut performance was analyzed by structural characterization and surface morphology of the samples. The results revealed a general decline in cut performance with increasing temperature for all samples, with stainless steel‐reinforced UHMWPE fabrics experiencing the most pronounced reduction % compared with their glass fiber‐reinforced and 100% UHMWPE counterparts. These results are substantiated by analyses of surface temperature distribution profiles and x‐ray diffraction outcomes. This study benefits industry workers, guiding them in selecting effective protective clothing for varied thermal conditions.
Investigation of polypropylene yarns containing silver nanoparticles: Fiber characteristics, yarn properties, and fabric performance analysis
Authors: Demirhan Ali Doğukan , Tuğral Seda , Sarıışık Merih , Göktaş Devrim , Kartal Gülşah Ekin
Published: May 2024

This study focuses on the development of antimicrobial technical textiles using silver‐infused polypropylene fibers to meet the escalating demand for enhanced protection against pathogens in medical settings. Various polypropylene‐based fibers with different silver concentrations and cross‐sections were produced through spinning experiments, resulting in six distinct fiber types. Comprehensive analyses, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), were conducted to evaluate thermal and structural properties. Physical strength and morphological characteristics were examined to determine optimal compositions. Subsequently, selected fibers were spun into yarns and knitted to create textile surfaces. Evaluation encompassed physical attributes, color, morphology, water vapor permeability, and antimicrobial efficacy against Gram‐negative bacteria, particularly E.coli. The results demonstrated over 99% antibacterial activity across all samples, highlighting their potential utility in medical textiles and other applications. Additionally, the study revealed that the water vapor permeability values were higher in fabric samples without silver nanoparticle additives, with a negligible decrease observed in samples with higher silver nanoparticle concentrations. The antibacterial activity was found to increase with higher silver concentrations in trilobal cross‐section samples. Round cross‐section samples exhibited higher antibacterial activity at the same silver concentration. These findings provide valuable insights for future antibacterial‐based fiber production studies and literature.
Modeling of the temperature‐dependent tensile strength of polymer considering the effect of the two‐phase transition of glass and rubber phases
Authors: Li Ying , Zuo Mini , Mai Zhipeng , Deng Qian , Lin Yi , Zhang Xuyao , Li Weiguo
Published: May 2024

This study explores the contribution of glass phase and rubber phase to polymer failure, and establishes a theoretical model of temperature‐dependent tensile strength (TDTS) considering the effect of two‐phase transition based on the Force‐heat Equivalence Energy Density Principle (FHEEDP). The model achieves good verification by comparison with the TDTS experimental data of various polymer materials, including epoxy‐based shape memory polymer (SMP), PEEK‐based SMP and CdS/PMMA. The results demonstrate that the model can perform an accurate prediction for the tensile strength of polymer at different temperatures by easily obtainable material parameters. In conclusion, the proposed theoretical model deepens the understanding on the two‐phase transition and their effect on the TDTS, as well as supplies a practical predicted method on the TDTS of polymer, which is crucial for polymer applied in extreme condition.
Identification of vilazodone as a novel plasminogen activator inhibitor to overcome Alzheimer's disease through virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation, and biological evaluation
Authors: Sun Wenxiu , Sheng Xuan , Li Peiru , Li Runwu , Guo Zihe , Lin Hao , Gong Yuesong
Published: May 2024

Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (PLAU), a member of the S1 serine peptidase family in Clan PA, plays a crucial role in the conversion of plasminogen into active plasmin. However, the precise role of PLAU in the central nervous system remains incompletely elucidated, particularly, in relation to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we successfully identified that PLAU could promote cell senescence in neurons, indicating it as a potential target for AD treatment through a systematic approach, which included both bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. Subsequently, a structure‐based virtual screening approach was employed to identify a potential PLAU inhibitor from the Food and Drug Administration‐approved drug database. After analyzing docking scores and thoroughly examining the receptor–ligand complex interaction modes, vilazodone emerges as a highly promising PLAU inhibitor. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to generate a complex structure between the relatively stable inhibitor vilazodone and PLAU. Of note, vilazodone exhibited superior cytotoxicity against senescent cells, showing a senolytic activity through targeting PLAU and ultimately producing an anti‐AD effect. These findings suggest that targeting PLAU could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. Furthermore, investigating the inhibitory potential and structural modifications based on vilazodone may provide valuable insights for future drug development targeting PLAU in AD disorders.
Brokering knowledge from laboratory experiments in evidence‐based education: The case of interleaving
Authors: Rowlandson Paul , Simpson Adrian
Published: May 2024

The turn to ‘evidence‐based education’ in the past three decades favours one type of evidence: experiment. Knowledge brokers ground recommendations for classroom practice on reports of experimental research. This paper distinguishes field and laboratory experiments, on the basis of control and precision of causal ascription. Briefly noting problems with knowledge brokers’ extrapolating from field experiments, the paper's main focus is on extrapolating from laboratory experiments, using the case of ‘interleaving’. It argues that knowledge brokers often extrapolate from laboratory experiments as if they are field experiments. By considering both laboratory and ‘extra‐lab’ interleaving studies, it suggests that an alternative extrapolation—creating laboratory effects in the classroom—has little pedagogical value. The conclusion suggests focussing on mechanisms, contexts and outcomes as a more useful basis for brokering pedagogical knowledge from laboratory experiments.
Beyond the hype: Deciphering brand trust amid sustainability skepticism
Authors: Riva Farzana , Magrizos Solon , Rizomyliotis Ioannis , Uddin Mohammad Rajib
Published: May 2024

Positioning a brand as environment‐friendly does not guarantee that customers will blindly accept it. While previous research has explored consumer responses to various green marketing claims, the search for the process under which consumers form positive or negative associations remains inconclusive. Based on the theoretical lens of signaling, this study examines the process of green brand trust where consumers form green brand associations after receiving the appropriate signal from the firms. In so doing we answer calls for more research on green brand trust and extend previous understanding by arguing for and confirming the mediating role of green brand associations. We further hypothesize that resultant mediation will be stronger for individuals with low green skepticism. Findings from 270 consumers indicate that green brand association mediates the relationship between green brand positioning and green brand trust. Further, green skepticism may weaken green brand association's effect on green brand trust. While firms tend to take extra effort to make their green offering trustworthy, they need to strengthen their signaling efforts that facilitate associating with a green brand to trust that brand.
Driving toward business sustainability: Empirical evidence from low‐carbon practices
Authors: Wang Shuang , Tuo Yiwen , Zhang Xueqing , Tan Yingshuang , Liu Man
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the effect of low‐carbon practices on business sustainability, delved into the underlying mechanisms that exist between them, and designed the recipes tailored toward promoting business sustainability in both high and low‐level. Based on a sample of 681 firms with 1376 observations from 2020 to 2022 that disclose the low‐carbon practices in MD&A, we employed a quasi‐replication method comprising regression analysis and fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to test hypotheses and explore pathways. Regression analysis results demonstrate that low‐carbon practices significantly promote business sustainability and underscore the mediation effect of technological innovation capacity, alongside the moderating influence of R&D funding and government incentives and penalties. Additionally, fsQCA results reveal a pronounced synergistic impact emanating from multiple antecedent conditions, rather than a singular factor, in driving both high‐ and low‐level business sustainability. The findings on sustainable business operations management are invaluable for decision‐makers seeking to establish a low‐carbon strategic initiative that adeptly addresses the diverse opportunities and complexities posed by global environmental concerns.
Efficiency of transurethral en‐bloc resection vs. conventional transurethral resection for non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: An umbrella review
Authors: Li Deng‐xiong , Yu Qing‐xin , Wu Rui‐cheng , Wang Jie , Feng De‐chao , Deng Shi
Published: May 2024

Background

En‐Bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumor (ERBT) was clinically used to resect non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, discrepancies persist regarding the comparisons between ERBT and conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumor (cTURBT).

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and performed manual searches of reference lists to collect and extract data. Data evaluation was carried out using Review Manager 5.4.0, Rx64 4.1.3, and relevant packages.

Results

There were nine eligible meta‐analyses and nine eligible RCTs in our study. NMIBC patients undergoing ERBT were significant associated with a lower rate of bladder perforation and obturator nerve reflex compared to those receiving cTURBT. Our pooled result indicated that ERBT and cTURBT required similar operation time. Regarding postoperative outcomes, ERBT demonstrated superior performance compared to cTURBT in terms of detrusor muscle presence, catheterization time, and residual tumor. ERBT exhibited a higher rate of three‐month recurrence‐free survival (RFS) compared to those receiving cTURBT (p < 0.05; I2 = 0%). In bipolar subgroup, ERBT had a significant better 12‐month RFS than cTURBT (p < 0.05; I2 = 0%). Simultaneously, the exclusion of Hybrid Knife data revealed a significant improvement in 12‐month RFS associated with ERBT (p < 0.05; I2 = 50%).

Conclusion

Using a combination of umbrella review and meta‐analysis, we demonstrated that ERBT had better or comparable perioperative outcome and improved 3 and 12 month RFS than cTURBT. We suggest that ERBT maybe a better surgical method for patients with NMIBC compared with cTURBT.
Association of preoperative elevated lipoprotein (a) with poor survival in patients with biliary tract cancers
Authors: Fan Shanshan , Mao Yihan , Ge Yang , Liang Ziwei
Published: May 2024

Background

Biliary tract cancers have garnered significant attention due to their highly malignant nature. The relationship between abnormal lipid metabolism and tumor occurrence and development is a research hotspot. However, its correlation with biliary tract cancers is unclear.

Methods

We enrolled 78 patients with biliary tract cancers and obtained data on clinical characteristics, pathological findings, and preoperative blood lipid indices, including total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), triglycerides (TG), and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)]. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal predictive cutoff values of lipid indicators among the participants. Independent risk factors were determined using Cox regression, and survival was predicted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.

Results

Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the body mass index (BMI), tumor location, surgical margin, N stage, and abnormally increased LDL‐C, TG, and Lp(a) levels were significantly associated with poor prognosis of biliary tract cancers (p < 0.05). Multifactor Cox regression demonstrated that only N stage (HR = 3.393, p < 0.001) and abnormally increased Lp(a) levels (HR = 2.814, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with shorter survival. N stage and Lp(a) were identified as independent prognostic risk factors for patients with biliary tract cancers.

Conclusion

This study presents Lp(a) as a novel biochemical marker that can guide clinical treatment strategies for patients with biliary tract cancers. More effective treatment options and intensive postoperative testing should be considered to prolong the survival of these patients with preoperative abnormal lipid metabolism.
Heavy Metal Detection with Organic Moiety‐Based Sensors: Recent Advances and Future Directions
Authors: Ritu  , Narang Uma , Kumar Vinod
Published: May 2024

Heavy metal hazardous and enduring characteristics present a noteworthy risk to both human well‐being and the ecosystem. Heavy metal level monitoring requires accurate and dependable detection techniques. This review emphasizes the requirement for sophisticated detection methods that can address the issues like sensitivity, selectivity, cost and ease of use for the detection of heavy metal ions and allow for more accurate and trustworthy monitoring using various organic moieties. It offers a thorough overview of cutting‐edge organic moiety‐based heavy metal detection techniques. It primarily discusses four different types of substituted core structures, including coumarin, porphyrin, Schiff bases, and terpyridine, along with their mechanisms, methods, detection limits, and appropriate metal bindings. These moieties exhibit strong coordination with heavy metal ions because of their distinct structural characteristics. They produce stable complexes with complicated ligand‐metal interactions that are useful in a variety of applications, including sensing and catalysis. Each probe was chosen based on its propensity or capacity to identify important analytes in practical applications. To increase the effectiveness and productivity of fluorescence sensing, researchers have recently been working to create new fluorescence chemosensors that can identify many ions at once.
Expanding the Available RNA Labeling Toolbox With CutA Nucleotidyltransferase for Efficient Transcript Labeling with Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Analogs
Authors: Tomecki Rafal , Drazkowska Karolina , Madaj Rafal , Mamot Adam , Dunin‐Horkawicz Stanislaw , Sikorski Pawel J.
Published: May 2024

RNA labeling is an invaluable tool for investigation of the function and localization of nucleic acids. Labels are commonly incorporated into 3′ end of RNA and the primary enzyme used for this purpose is RNA poly(A) polymerase (PAP), which belongs to the class of terminal nucleotidyltransferases (NTases). However, PAP preferentially adds ATP analogs, thus limiting the number of available substrates. Here, we report the use of another NTase, CutA from the fungus Thielavia terrestris. Using this enzyme, we were able to incorporate into the 3′ end of RNA not only purine analogs, but also pyrimidine analogs. We engaged strain‐promoted azide‐alkyl cycloaddition (SPAAC) to obtain fluorescently labeled or biotinylated transcripts from RNAs extended with azide analogs by CutA. Importantly, modified transcripts retained their biological properties. Furthermore, fluorescently labeled mRNAs were suitable for visualization in cultured mammalian cells. Finally, we demonstrate that either affinity studies or molecular dynamic (MD) simulations allow for rapid screening of NTase substrates, what opens up new avenues in the search for the optimal substrates for this class of enzymes.
Imidazoles are Tunable Nucleofuges for Developing Tyrosine‐Reactive Electrophiles
Authors: Justin Grams R. , Yuan Kun , Founds Michael W. , Ware Madeleine L. , Pilar Michael G. , Hsu Ku‐Lung
Published: May 2024

Imidazole‐1‐sulfonyl and ‐sulfonate (imidazylate) are widely used in synthetic chemistry as nucleofuges for diazotransfer, nucleophilic substitution, and cross‐coupling reactions. The utility of these reagents for protein bioconjugation, in contrast, have not been comprehensively explored and important considering the prevalence of imidazoles in biomolecules and drugs. Here, we synthesized a series of alkyne‐modified sulfonyl‐ and sulfonate‐imidazole probes to investigate the utility of this electrophile for protein binding. Alkylation of the distal nitrogen activated the nucleofuge capability of the imidazole to produce sulfonyl‐imidazolium electrophiles that were highly reactive but unstable for biological applications. In contrast, arylsulfonyl imidazoles functioned as a tempered electrophile for assessing ligandability of select tyrosine and lysine sites in cell proteomes and when mated to a recognition element could produce targeted covalent inhibitors with reduced off‐target activity. In summary, imidazole nucleofuges show balanced stability and tunability to produce sulfone‐based electrophiles that bind functional tyrosine and lysine sites in the proteome.
Enzyme‐Programmed Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yongpeng , Liu Xuan , Hou Siqi , Wu Ranfeng , Yang Jing , Zhang Cheng
Published: May 2024

Nanoparticles are a hot topic in the field of nanomaterial research due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. In recent years, DNA‐directed nanoparticle self‐assembly technology has been widely applied to the development of numerous complex nanoparticle superstructures. Due to the inherent stability and surface electric repulsion of nanoparticles, it is difficult to make nanoparticle superstructures respond to molecular signals in the external environment. In fact, enzyme‐programmed molecular systems are developed to allow diverse functions, including logical operations, signal amplification, and dynamic assembly control. Therefore, combining enzyme‐controlled DNA systems may endow nanoparticle assembly systems with more flexibility in program design, allowing them to respond to a variety of external signals. In this review, we summarize the basic principles of enzyme‐controlled DNA/nanoparticle self‐assembly and introduce its applications in heavy metal detection, gene expression, proteins inside living cells, cancer cell therapy, and drug delivery. With the continuous development of new nanoparticle materials and the increasing functionality of enzyme DNA circuits, enzyme‐directed DNA/nanoparticle self‐assembled probe technology is expected to see significant future development.
A mixed methods study of student veterans’ academic and service transitions before, during, and after attending community college(s)
Authors: Summers EJ , McEwen Danielle L. , Cordero Rafael A. , Silva Jesse
Published: May 2024

This mixed‐methods study examined characteristics and learning experiences of student veterans who transitioned from community college(s) into a 4‐year public university. The study descriptively compared veteran versus non‐veteran transfer students, using a survey and follow‐up interviews. Results illustrated that student veterans attended larger numbers of community colleges prior to their transfer compared with non‐veterans. They tended to be older, more ethnically diverse, and more likely to be men than non‐veterans. Transfer student veterans valued (a) differences among high school, military, community college, and 4‐year learning experiences; (b) connections between coursework and career work; (c) being informed about the cultural practices and norms of college, particularly for first‐generation student veterans; and (d) persistence in navigating multiple community colleges toward achieving successful 4‐year degree completion. For student veterans, the military became a way to enact and pay for their postsecondary aspirations. Interconnected community colleges meaningfully transported them to 4‐year postsecondary achievements.
Low body mass index and risk of mortality after mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair procedure: The “obesity paradox”
Authors: Carter‐Storch Rasmus , Veien Karsten T. , Mogensen Nils Sofus Borg , Banke Ann , Tofte‐Hansen Emil Ulrikkaholm , Ali Mulham , Laursen Kristian , Dahl Jordi Sanchez
Published: May 2024

Background

Most patients undergoing the mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) technique are elderly comorbid patients. Low body mass index (BMI) < 23 kg/m2 has been identified in other elderly populations as a risk factor, but has not been studied sufficiently in mitral TEER.

Aims

We aimed to study the impact of low BMI (23 kg/m2) on the outcome after mitral TEER.

Methods

Patients undergoing first‐time TEER for mitral regurgitation at a single tertiary center were included, with the exclusion of patients with preprocedural hemodynamic instability or missing BMI. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were long‐term major bleeding or admission with heart failure.

Results

A total of 120 patients (mean age 76 ± 10 years, 76% men) were included in the study. Thirty‐nine (31%) had low BMI. Patients with low BMI had a similar symptomatic benefit as patients with BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 at 1 year regarding decrease in diuretics dose and decrease in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (p > 0.05). In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, BMI as a continuous variable (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.93 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.87–0.99], p = 0.03) and low BMI (HR: 1.99 [95% CI: 1.12–3.52], p = 0.02) were associated with the primary outcome. Low BMI was not significantly associated with major bleeding (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 2.39 [95% CI: 0.96–5.97], p = 0.06) or admission with heart failure (SHR: 1.06 [95% CI: 0.61–1.88], p = 0.83) during follow‐up with univariable competing risk regression analysis.

Conclusion

Low BMI is a risk factor for mortality after mitral valve TEER, confirming the presence of an “obesity paradox” in this population and should receive attention in patient selection.
Bouveret's syndrome: A rare case of gallstone causing gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Sabir Alifa , Mushtaq Ruqia , Arshad Rabia , Khalid Noor , Ayub Maheen , Maqbool Shahzaib , Farhan Muhammad , Hanif Muhammad , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

The case highlights the importance of decisive action in addressing large gallstones causing gastric outlet obstruction. The chosen single‐stage surgical approach reflects the need to manage both obstruction and the gallstone simultaneously.

Bouveret's syndrome is a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction secondary to gallstones entering the enteric system through an acquired cholecystoduodenal fistula. Here, we present the case of an 85‐year‐old female who presented to our emergency department with gastric outlet obstruction secondary to a large gallstone in the third part of the duodenum. Abdominal X‐ray did not demonstrate air‐fluid levels but revealed a dilated gastric shadow, suggesting gastric outlet obstruction. EGD showed a dilated stomach and a hard, golf ball‐sized gallstone in the duodenum. CT scan showed a distended stomach with a large gallstone obstructing the DJ junction and air in the biliary tree. Findings were suggestive of perforation of the gallbladder with stone impaction in the duodenojejunal (DJ) junction. The patient was managed surgically with a one‐stage procedure comprising enterotomy, fistula closure, and cholecystectomy. Although Bouveret's syndrome is rare, it is important for practicing surgeons to have a high index of suspicion for this condition due to the high mortality associated with it.
Spontaneous pregnancy after fertility‐sparing surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced pure dysgerminoma: A case report
Authors: Göç Göksu , Göç Alida , Kastrati Gezim , Baftiu Dardan , Kurshumliu Fisnik
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Fertility‐sparing surgery and appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced malignant ovarian germ cell tumors have excellent survival results and promising reproductive and obstetric outcomes.

This case report aims to demonstrate the potential feasibility and success of fertility‐sparing surgery (FSS) coupled with adjuvant chemotherapy in treating advanced malignant ovarian germ cell tumor (MOGCT), focusing on pure dysgerminoma, fertility, and achieving spontaneous pregnancy. The patient was a 23‐year‐old female who initially presented with complaints of abdominal distension and a palpable mass and was subsequently diagnosed with advanced MOGCT. The patient provided a complete clinical and radiological response to FSS with complete surgical staging and cisplatin‐based chemotherapy (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin). Despite being diagnosed with advanced MOGCT and treated with FSS and adjuvant chemotherapy, she later experienced spontaneous pregnancy, giving birth to a healthy child. This case study demonstrated the potential for successful fertility preservation and pregnancy in advanced‐stage MOGCT patients treated with personalized treatment approaches. Nevertheless, a broader investigation is needed to understand the relevant complex dynamics and to ascertain whether FSS with adjuvant chemotherapy could be a reliable approach in treating advanced MOGCT.