bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Workers at A Plywood Plants, in Lumajang, East Java: Application of Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Dewantara Bayu Putra , Murti Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Widyaningsih Vitri ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

Background: By products of wood processing such as wood dust and noise are well known with respect to occupational health effects in workers at plywood plants. Previous studies suggested that workers in sawmills, plywood/particle board factories, and veneer plants are at risk of developing allergenic disorders, lung disease, and cancer. Employers have duties concerning the provision and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) at work. PPE is equipment that will protect the user against the risk of accidents or of adverse effects on health. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the use of personal protective equipment among workers at a plywood plants. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lumajang, East Java, in December 2019. A sample of 200 workers was selected randomly. The dependent variable was the use of PPE. The independent variables were motivation, training, attitude, outcome expectation, perceived benefit, vicarious experience, observational learning, regulatory compliance, and reinforcement. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The use PPE increased with high motivation (OR= 7.00; 95% CI= 1.46 to 33.54; p= 0.015), had trained (OR= 22.56; 95% CI= 3.43 to 148.35; p= 0.001), positive attitude (OR= 8.66; 95% CI= 1.71 to 43.84; p= 0.009), high outcome expectation (OR= 5.71; 95% CI= 0.83 to 39.02; p= 0.075), high perceived benefit (OR= 8.60; 95% CI= 1.63 to 45.32; p= 0.011), vicarious experience (OR= 16.89; 95% CI= 3.13 to 91.01; p= 0.001), observational learning (OR= 25.78; 95% CI= 4.36 to 152.54; p<0.001), compliance to regulation (OR= 5.80; 95% CI= 0.93 to 35.83; p= 0.058), and reinforcement (OR= 4.83; 95% CI= 1.14 to 20.47; p= 0.032). Conclusion: The use PPE increases with high motivation, had trained, positive attitude, high outcome expectation, high perceived benefit, vicarious experience, observational learning, compliance to regulation, and reinforcement. Keywords: personal protective equipment, health belief model, social cognitive theory Correspondence: Bayu Putra Dewantara. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: bayuputradewantara-@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281352347536. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.02.50
Biopsychosocial Determinants of Tertiary Preventive Behaviors among Patients with Hypertension in Sragen, Central Java
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Retnowati Very , Pawito Pawito ,   Pawito, Murti Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

Background: Tertiary hypertension prevention is an effort to prevent hypertensive patients from disabilities and complications, which lead to improve their quality of life. The biopsychosocial aspect influences individual behavior in maintaining blood pressure. This study aimed to analyze the biopsychosocial determinants of tertiary prevention behavior in hypertensive patients. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at 25 integrated health posts (posbindu) in Sragen, Central Java. A sample of 200 hypertensive patients was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was tertiary hypertension preventive behavior. The independent variables were attitude, observational learning, role model, imitation, vicarious learning, reinforcement, self-efficacy, self-regulation, and outcome expectation. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Tertiary hypertension preventive behavior increased with observational learning (b= 1.83; 95% CI= 0.31 to 3.35; p= 0.018), role model (b= 1.95; 95% CI= 0.75 to 3.16; p= 0.001), imitation (b= 2.13; 95% CI= 0.89 to 3.38; p= 0.001), vicarious learning (b= 1.60; 95% CI= 0.23 to 2.96; p= 0.022), reinforcement (b= 2.86; 95% CI= 1.25 to 4.47; p<0.001), self-efficacy (b= 1.99; 95% CI= 0.73 to 3.25; p= 0.002), self-regulation (b= 1.39; 95% CI= 0.18 to 2.61; p= 0.024), outcome expectation (b= 2.37; 95% CI= 0.85 to 3.89; p= 0.002), and positive attitude (b= 1.76; 95% CI= 0.40 to 3.13; p=0.011). Conclusion: Tertiary hypertension preventive behavior increases with observational learning, role model, imitation, vicarious learning, reinforcement, self-efficacy, self-regulation, outcome expectation, and positive attitude. Keywords: hypertension, tertiary prevention, biopsychosocial, social cognitive theory Correspondence: Very Retnowati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: veryretnowati@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281548592491 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.60
Reducing contacts to stop SARS-CoV-2 transmission during the second pandemic wave in Brussels, Belgium, August to November 2020
Authors: Ingelbeen Brecht , Peckeu Laurène , Laga Marie , Hendrix Ilona , Neven Inge , van der Sande Marianne AB , van Kleef Esther
Published: February 2021

To evaluate the effect of physical distancing and school reopening in Brussels between August and November 2020, we monitored changes in the number of reported contacts per SARS-CoV-2 case and associated SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The second COVID-19 pandemic wave in Brussels was the result of increased social contact across all ages following school reopening. Physical distancing measures including closure of bars and restaurants, and limiting close contacts, while primary and secondary schools remained open, reduced social mixing and controlled SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Mediación socioprofesional en el proceso de producción periodística sobre la actualización del modelo económico cubano. Estudio de caso
Authors: Medina Orama Raúl Enrique , Somohano Fernandez Abel
Published: February 2021

En el trabajo se analiza la mediación socioprofesional en el proceso de producción periodística asociado a la actualización del modelo económico cubano, en uno de los principales medios del país, Juventud Rebelde. Para ello se parte de presupuestos teóricos vinculados a la sociología de la producción de noticias y el uso del concepto de mediación para el análisis de los procesos comunicativos, entre otras aportaciones relevantes. Durante el proceso indagatorio se recurrió al método etnográfico, la entrevista semiestructurada a profesionales de la organización mediática, el grupo de discusión y la observación participante. En el trabajo se concluye que este proceso, atravesado por condicionantes como la aún insuficiente formación y desarrollo del capital humano, las limitaciones de recursos y la ubicación estructural del periódico en el entramado mediático, no satisface lo deseable en el contexto de transformaciones en el país.
La importancia de la gestión del conocimiento en los medios de comunicación en una institución educativa en México
Authors: Cortés Morales Lidia Pamela , Guerrero Ramírez Sandra Luz , Muriel Amezcua Vanesa del Carmen
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo plantear la importancia de la gestión de conocimiento para el área de producción de un medio de comunicación multiplataforma de una institución educativa. Es una investigación del tipo cuantitativa con alcances exploratorios-descriptivos, mediante un estudio de caso en la televisora de la Universidad de Querétaro, TvUAQ, en la ciudad de Querétaro. Se realiza la revisión teórica sobre la gestión del conocimiento y modelos del conocimiento, con la finalidad de diseñar un instrumento que nos permitiera conocer los aspectos y las condiciones para diseñar la metodología basada en gestión de conocimiento. Finalmente, se analiza la gestión del conocimiento y su aplicabilidad en un medio de comunicación multiplataforma. Se confirmó que la productividad tiene una relación directa con la gestión del conocimiento en un medio de comunicación, así mismo la existencia de condiciones para el diseño de la propuesta metodológica. La aplicación de estrategias o metodologías basadas en gestión del conocimiento mejorarían la productividad de un medio de comunicación, en una institución educativa en México.
Larvicididal Activity of Natural Repellents Against the Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Zhang Shougang , Blore Kai , Xue Rui-De , Qualls Whitney A. , Cermak Steve , Zhu Jun-Wei
Published: February 2021

The present research aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of several recently discovered natural repellents formulated in lotions against larvae of Aedes aegypti. We used a modified larval bioassay method by the World Health Organization standards in evaluating larval mortality at 24-, 48-, and 72-h exposure. Among the test repellents, 2-undecanone showed 100% mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae, followed by catnip oil, capric acid, coconut oil fatty acids, methyl caprate, methyl laurate, and coconut oil methyl esters. The repellent, 2-undecanone showed median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 73.07, 26.45, and 15.68 ppm at 24-, 48-, and 72-h exposure, respectively. Larvicidal activity varied among the other repellents tested.
Nighttime Aerial Sprays for Control of Crepuscular Biting Midges in South Carolina
Authors: Breidenbaugh Mark S. , Foley Elizabeth H. , Brooks Caroline , Reeves Will K.
Published: February 2021

Nighttime aerial spray applications with naled were conducted to evaluate their efficacy in controlling crepuscular biting midges (Culicoides spp.) in South Carolina, using a US Air Force C-130. Local populations of Culicoides spp. were monitored before and after the sprays with Mosquito Magnet traps to assess the efficacy of postsunset applications. Biting midge populations were consistently decreased by the aerial spray applications in this study. This indicates that nighttime sprays can be used to control these pests, even when their peak flight activity is focused around sunset.
Effects of Sodium Chloride on Oviposition Behavior of Aedes albopictus
Authors: Jinguji Hiroshi , Fujiwara Yuki , Ohtsu Kazuhisa , Morimoto Motoko
Published: February 2021

This study examined the effectiveness of sodium chloride (NaCl) as an oviposition repellent for Aedes albopictus females. Oviposition responses to 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, and 1.5% solutions of pure NaCl were evaluated over 8 days using ovitraps. Gravid Ae. albopictus females showed a reduction in oviposition at all NaCl concentrations. Compared with controls, the inhibition of oviposition ranged from 84.4% to 97.0% at concentrations above 0.5% NaCl. We also show that NaCl is effective for oviposition control of gravid females when laying their overwintering eggs. Our results showed that a 0.5% NaCl solution is effective for use as an oviposition repellent against Ae. albopictus females.
Phenology of Rock Pool Mosquitoes in the Southern Appalachian Mountains: Surveys Reveal Apparent Winter Hatching of Aedes japonicus and the Potential For Asymmetrical Stage-Specific Interactions
Authors: Day Corey A. , Lewandowski Kaylin , Vonesh James R. , Byrd Brian D.
Published: February 2021

The North American rock pool mosquito, Aedes atropalpus, has reportedly decreased in abundance following the introduction of Ae. japonicus japonicus to the USA, but the specific mechanisms responsible for the reduction remain unclear. Thus, there is a need for field studies to improve our knowledge of natural rock pool systems where both species co-occur. We sampled rock pool invertebrates over a 12-month period along the Chattooga River at a high-elevation site (728 m) near Cashiers, NC, and at a lower-elevation site (361 m) near Clayton, GA. We identified 12 orders of macroinvertebrates representing at least 19 families and 5 mosquito species. Aedes j. japonicus was present year-round at both sites. We observed overwintering Ae. j. japonicus larvae in pools with water temperatures as cold as 3°C and detected apparent winter egg hatching in water below 10°C. Aedes atropalpus was rarely encountered at the high-elevation site but was highly abundant in the summer months at the low-elevation site. Late-stage Ae. j. japonicus larvae inhabited pools in March 2019 when Ae. atropalpus first appeared in the same pools, creating the potential for asymmetrical stage-specific interactions. Our observations provide evidence of overwintering and early hatching of Ae. j. japonicus in the southeastern climate. Further study of the importance of stage-dependent competition and winter egg hatching of diapausing Ae. j. japonicus eggs is warranted.
PENYELESAIAN PERMASALAHAN PAJAK BERGANDA INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Hapsari Murti Ayu
Published: February 2021

Tax collections is part of a state’s authority. Tax’s contribution is crucial to finances and develops state’s well-being and its people’s wealth. The core or the essence of tax collection is that it cannot cause excessive burden to the taxpayer—so that the taxpayer can afford to their needs first. In this case, globalization has rapidly blur the boundaries between one state and another, so that increases the problems that follows, including in economics and taxations sectors. One of those problems is what we call with ‘international double taxation’ that potentially burden taxpayer more. From this study we aim to find solution to this problem
The Temporal Hyper-Morbidity of Asthma and Attention Deficit Disorder: Implications for Interpretation Based on Comparison of Prospective and Cross-Sectional Population Samples
Authors: Chai Pang Hua , Chang Sam , Cawthorpe David
Published: February 2021

Objective The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a significant temporal relationship exists between asthma and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods The population dataset consisted of 95,846,511 physician diagnoses for 768,460 (46% male) individuals spanning 1993–2010. Four groups were labeled as having neither Asthma nor ADHD, Asthma only, ADHD only, or both Asthma and ADHD and formed the basis of calculating the odds ratios for each sex describing the association of Asthma and ADHD by age, and, in addition, a prospective sample age (<5 years) between 1993 and 1996 was utilized to evaluate the temporal association between Asthma and ADHD.Results There was a significant relationship between ADHD and Asthma within the age strata of the sample, one from the cohort and two from the whole sample. When both ADHD and Asthma were diagnosed in the same patients, the age was younger in both cross-sectional and prospective cohort samples. ADHD arose significantly more often after Asthma in the cross-sectional samples stratified on age and in the prospective cohort sample.Conclusion The results are consistent with previous literature where ADHD has been linked to allergic diseases, such as asthma.
Effect of sintering mode on structure, phase composition and porosity of titanium alloy VT6 parts made by injection molding method of powder-polymer compounds
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Semyonov A.B. , Muranov A.N. ,   Institute of Design and Technology Informatics of RAS, Kutsbakh A.A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Krotov D.M. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Logachev I.A. ,   JSC "Kompozit", Sapronov I.Ju. ,   JSC "Tupolev", Karyagin D.A. ,   JSC "SMK"
Published: February 2021

Changes in the structure and the phase composition of a part made of powder of domestic titanium alloy VT6 produced at JSC «SMK», by the pressure die casting method of a powder-polymer mixture have been studied. The changes take place due to a change in the sintering mode of the porous semi-finished product.
New species of Deschampsia (Poaceae) from Japan
Authors: Probatova N. S. , Barkalov V. Yu.
Published: February 2021

A new species of the genus Deschampsia P. Beauv. was revealed by N. N. Tzvelev in 2015, among the herbarium material from Japan (Hokkaido, Shiretoko Peninsula). It belongs to D. aggr. cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv., but differs from the other species of this group principally by folded surprisingly thick rigid leaf blades. Deschampsia shiretokoensis Tzvelev et Prob. sp. nova is described here.
Situation Analysis Report Phu Nhuan Jewelry Joint Stock Company
Authors: AISDL
Published: February 2021

Phu Nhuan Jewelry Joint Stock Company, better known with abbreviation name as PNJ, is one of the most renowned and respected jewelry retailers in Vietnam. Not only is PNJ domestically successful, but the company is also honored in Asia by Retail Asia magazine (Singapore) as one among top 500 retailers in Asia Pacific between 2004 and 2009. Officially established on 28 April 1988 by twenty progressive like-minded people in Phu Nhuan district, PNJ has been since showing strong and consistent development and performance, and has consolidated its position as the biggest player in the Vietnamese jewelry sector.
From Teachers’ Personal Achievement Goals to Students’ Perceptions of Classroom Goal Structures: Via Student-oriented Goals and Specific Instructional Practices
Authors: Daumiller Martin , Dresel Markus
Published: February 2021

While research has documented associations between teachers’ achievement goals and students’ perceptions of classroom goals, little is known about the mechanisms behind these effects. To enlighten the mode of operation of teacher goals on students’ perceptions of instructional practices and classroom goal structures, a study with 84 secondary school teachers and their 1,447 students (ranging from 7th to 9th grade) in the subject of mathematics was conducted. Classroom goal structures and a wide range of specific mastery and performance-oriented instructional practices derived from Ames’ (1992) TARGET model were assessed via student reports. Teachers reported two types of goals, namely personal achievement goals and student-oriented goals. Two-level path modeling indicated that both types of teacher goals were of relevance. Student reports of teachers’ specific mastery-oriented instructional practices were predicted by teachers’ student-oriented goals and, indirectly, by their personal mastery goals (positively) and performance approach goals (negatively), while performance-oriented instructional practices were negatively predicted by teachers’ personal mastery goals. Perceived classroom goal structures were closely related to these specific instructional practices and also indirectly predicted by teachers’ personal and student-oriented goals.
The Data-Processing Multiverse of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs): A Roadmap for the Optimization and Standardization of ERP Processing and Reduction Pipelines
Authors: Clayson Peter E , Baldwin Scott , Rocha Harold A , Larson Michael J.
Published: February 2021

In studies of event-related brain potentials (ERPs), numerous decisions about data processing are required to extract ERP scores from continuous data. Unfortunately, the systematic impact of these choices on the data quality and psychometric reliability of ERP scores or even ERP scores themselves is virtually unknown, which is a barrier to the standardization of ERPs. The aim of the present study was to optimize processing pipelines for the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) by considering a multiverse of data processing choices. A multiverse analysis of a data processing pipeline examines the impact of a large set of different reasonable choices to determine the robustness of effects, such as the impact of different decisions on between-trial standard deviations (i.e., data quality) and between-condition differences (i.e., experimental effects). ERN and Pe data from 298 healthy young adults were used to determine the impact of different methodological choices on data quality and experimental effects (correct vs. error trials) at several key stages: highpass filtering, lowpass filtering, ocular artifact correction, reference, baseline adjustment, scoring sensors, and measurement procedure. This multiverse analysis yielded 3,456 ERN scores and 576 Pe scores per person. An optimized pipeline for ERN included a .01 Hz highpass filter, 15 Hz lowpass filter, ICA-based ocular artifact correction, and a region of interest (ROI) approach to scoring. For Pe, the optimized pipeline included a .10 Hz highpass filter, 30 Hz lowpass filter, regression-based ocular artifact correction, a -200 to 0 ms baseline adjustment window, and an ROI approach to scoring. The multiverse approach can be used to optimize pipelines for eventual standardization, which would support efforts toward establishing normative ERP databases. The proposed process of analyzing the data-processing multiverse of ERP scores paves the way for better refinement, identification, and selection of data processing parameters, ultimately improving the precision and utility of ERPs.
Development of a Perceptions of Online Learning Scale to Assess Teachers' Beliefs
Authors: Padgett R. Noah , Jiang Shan , Shero Laura , Kettler Todd
Published: February 2021

During the COVID pandemic, the sudden switch to online learning brought an unintended spotlight to this gradually expanding educational innovation. However, while numerous tools exist to assess student perceptions of or readiness for online learning quantitatively, a research gap exists regarding teachers' perceptions of online learning. To facilitate future research among teachers, the authors describe the development of a new perceptions of online learning scale (POOLS). The POOLS seeks to measure teachers' perceptions of online learning across four theoretical constructs associated with quality education in online and traditional face-to-face formats. The POOLS was constructed using expert review and a sample (N=654), where an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted on split halves of these data. The results of this initial validation study provide the basis for using the POOLS as an approach to measuring four aspects of perceptions of online learning: Effective Learning (ω^2 = 0.77), Student-Centered Learning (ω^2 = 0.67), Interactive Learning (ω^2 = 0.73), and Engaged Learning (ω^2 = 0.66). We recommend that the POOLS be used in research settings to describe the relationship among POOLS factors and other characteristics such as self-efficacy, amount or type of experience with online learning, and personality traits.
Redistributing Agency: The Control Roots of Spot Pricing of Electricity
Authors: Breslau Daniel
Published: February 2021

The paper traces the development of the “spot pricing” for electrical power, which has provided the technique for calculating electricity prices in wholesale markets in most of the U.S., and is rapidly becoming the standard in many other countries. The model was first formalized by a group of engineers and economists associated with engineering professor Fred Schweppe, at MIT. From his position as a leading control theorist, well-known in the industry, Schweppe proposed an expansion of control theory that he argued would help break the deadlock in regulatory politics and benefit producers and consumers of power alike. He introduced the approach, which he called “homeostatic control” around 1978 in a seminar of the MIT Energy Lab. Derived by way of a biological metaphor, homeostatic control conceives of a self-correcting system that maintains its equilibrium state in the face of a changing environment. As Schweppe and his collaborators put it, their aim was “an efficient, internally-correcting control scheme” . Homeostatic control marked a departure from the “load-following” approach of system operators, who would constantly adjust the dispatch of power to meet the changing demand, or load. Schweppe’s group envisioned bringing consumers of power into the control system by constantly feeding them signals in the form of prices. The MIT team discovered through the contact between economists and engineers, the calculation for determining efficient prices is identical to the calculation used by engineers for meeting system load while minimizing costs. The Lagrange multipliers, or lambdas, derived from the engineering optimization are the best estimates of the marginal cost, and therefore the efficient prices, at each node of the system.
WHO COUNTS? MEASURING DISABILITY CROSS- NATIONALLY IN CENSUS DATA
Authors: Pettinicchio David , Maroto Michelle Lee
Published: February 2021

Despite established recommended standard definitions, measures, and methods by the UN Washington Group on Disability Statistics and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to assess dimensions of disability, national censuses vary widely in the questions used to identify people with disabilities. Although many seek to conform ex-ante to ICF definitions, they also deviate from this basic framework in different ways. This complicates ex-post harmonization and standardization for cross-national comparisons of disability prevalence and outcomes influenced by disability status, such as labor market participation. Addressing these issues, this study uses IPUMS International Census microdata since 2,000 to examine disability mea- surement across 65 countries. We find that definitions, terminology, measurement, and instructions to both respondents and enumerators matter for understanding disability prevalence cross-nationally. For instance, questions that included potentially stigmatizing language were associated with lower rates of disability reporting, but questions that listed specific limitations were associated with higher rates. Beyond disability, our findings also speak more broadly to ongoing challenges in survey harmonization for cross-national comparison.
Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective properties of Helianthus annuus seed extract against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity
Authors: Brobbey Abena Amponsaa , Jibira Yakubu , Fuseini Baba , Nii-Lamptey Richard , Adu Joseph K
Published: February 2021

This experiment aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seeds against paracetamol induced liver injury. Four groups of rats (n = 3) were used and administered orally once daily with H. annus methanolic extract (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg) for 7 days, followed by the induction of hepatotoxicity using acetaminophen. The blood and liver samples were subjected to liver function biochemical and lipid peroxidation assay. The extract was also subjected to in-vitro antioxidant study using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were also evaluated. The extract was found to have a total flavonoids of 7.72 ± 2.3 mg/g quercetin equivalence and total phenolic content of 40.60244 ± 1.14 mg/g Gallic acid equivalence. H. annus methanolic extract exhibited a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme levels. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity and contained high total phenol content. H. annus methanol extract was found to possess a potential hepatoprotective activity that could be partly attributed to its antioxidant activity and high phenolic content.
Desarrollo local con enfoque agroecológico: la experiencia del Plan de Soberanía Alimentaria Territorial en el departamento de Treinta y Tres
Authors: Gómez Perazzoli Alberto , Chiappe Hernández Marta
Published: February 2021

Entre los años 2005 al 2010, en el departamento de Treinta y Tres (Uruguay) se desarrolló una experiencia innovadora de desarrollo local rural, promovida por el gobierno local. Su propósito era lograr la soberanía alimentaria territorial con un enfoque agroecológico. Involucró a agricultores familiares, quinteros (agricultores urbanos), escuelas rurales y experiencias educativas con jóvenes pobres de la ciudad de Treinta y Tres. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar críticamente la experiencia mencionada utilizando por un lado el Marco de Capitales Comunitarios y por otro, el enfoque de agroecosistemas. Las características y el contexto de la propuesta de desarrollo considerando el papel de la sociedad civil, el Estado y el mercado se analizan mediante el Marco de Capitales Comunitarios, mientras que las características de los predios participantes se describen utilizando el enfoque de agroecosistemas y el relevamiento de puntos críticos para el desarrollo sustentable. La aplicación de ambos enfoques permite detectar factores extrínsecos e intrínsecos que favorecen o limitan la aplicación de principios agroecológicos en el territorio estudiado. En el proceso participaron pequeños agricultores (con rasgos asimilables a campesinos), el gobierno local y otros actores de la academia y la sociedad civil. La dinámica y resistencia que enfrenta la agroecología como una nueva propuesta se analizan a la luz de los cambios técnicos e institucionales requeridos en un régimen socio-técnico hegemónico y del manejo estratégico de nichos para la agricultura.
Componentes de resistencia a Xanthomonas vesicatoria raza T2 en genotipos de tomate en condiciones de invernadero y cámara de crecimiento
Authors: Berrueta Cecilia , Giménez Gustavo , Galván Guillermo , Borges Alejandra
Published: February 2021

La mancha bacteriana es una de las principales enfermedades que afectan al cultivo de tomate. Los agentes causales son cuatro especies del género Xanthomonas. En Uruguay, la especie predominante es Xanthomonas vesicatoria raza T2.Debido a la baja efectividad de las herramientas de control, la resistencia genética adquiere gran interés para mejorar el manejo de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar fuentes de resistencia a mancha bacteriana raza T2 entomate en invernadero y cámara de crecimiento a través de la determinación de los componentes de resistencia. Los componentes evaluados fueron el período de latencia, número de manchas en el folíolo terminal y la población bacteriana en el tejido. También se determinó la severidad en hoja mediante una escala diagramática. Los cultivares Hawaii 7981 y Loica, así como las líneas LB 76 y LB 97 presentaron la menor severidad en el follaje, el menor número de manchas y las poblaciones bacterianas más bajas, resultando los genotipos con mayores niveles de resistencia. Tanto el número de manchas como el monitoreo de la población bacteriana permitieron diferenciar los genotipos por su resistencia a mancha bacteriana en condiciones controladas. Sin embargo, el período de latencia no difirió significativamente entre los genotipos. Las variedades Loica y Hawaii 7981 se identificaron como nuevas fuentes de resistencia parcial a la raza T2.
La certificación de productos ecológicos en España y Brasil
Authors: Caldas Nadia Velleda , Anjos Flávio Sacco dos , Cabedo Carmen Lozano
Published: February 2021

El trabajo analiza dos sistemas de certificación de productos ecológicos, el Sistema Participativo de Garantía (SPG) y la Certificación por Tercera Parte (CTP), mediante el análisis comparativo de dos realidades: el Estado de Rio Grande do Sul(Brasil) y Andalucía (España). Se estudian la trayectoria seguida por ambos sistemas en cada una de las zonas, así como sus particularidades, otorgando especial atención a la perspectiva de los actores sociales. Para ello se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa sustentada en la aplicación de entrevistas abiertas y la observación participante. La principal conclusiónes que, si bien ambos sistemas han tenido presencia en las dos zonas, el predominio de uno sobre otro en cada región constituye un reflejo de los intereses creados en torno a la certificación de productos ecológicos tanto por parte de las entidades públicas y privadas, como por parte de los operadores ecológicos.
Volume and Taper Equations for P. taeda (L.) and E. grandis (Hill ex. Maiden)
Authors: Rachid Casnati Cecilia , Mason Euan G , Woollons Richard , Resquin Fernando
Published: February 2021

We compared several taper and volume equations with emphasis in testing the suitability of compatible taper equations, so that they can be used in forest inventories or decision support systems. We used data from 863 and 932 trees of Pinus taeda and Eucalyptus grandis respectively, collected from the Departments of Rivera, Tacuarembó, Paysandú, and Río Negro in Uruguay. In general, rankings of the candidate models were consistent for both species. For volume estimation the most accurate equations were the models presented by Clutter et al. (1983) and Schumacher and Hall (1933) for P. taeda and E. grandis respectively, while for describing stem profiles the most accurate model was a variable exponent equation presented by Muhairwe (1999) and modified by Methol (2001). The best compatible taper equation tested remained in an intermediate ranking position, but represented a satisfactory option for foresters seeking to use the advantages of this class of equations.
Caracterización y descripción de los estadios ninfales de Borellia bruneri (Rhen, 1906) (Orthoptera: Gomphocerinae)
Authors: Miguel Lucía , Lorier Estrellita , Zerbino Stella
Published: February 2021

En la primavera del año 2008 en la región centro-sur del Uruguay se registró un importante incremento en la población de Borellia bruneri que no se registraba desde hacía 50 años. El momento adecuado de realizar tratamientos para evitar daños es cuando la mayor proporción de la población se encuentra en el estadio de ninfa tres, así la eclosión de huevos es máxima, y se evita el momento de mayor consumo y de disminución en la sensibilidad a los insecticidas. Este trabajo fue realizado en 2009-2010 para conocer el ciclo y la fenología de esta especie en un pastizal natural en el departamento de Florida, Uruguay (33°45’9.30"S 55°54’11.90"O). Desde principios de octubre hasta mediados de enero se realizaron muestreos semanales, y luego muestreos quincenales hasta el fin del período a fines de abril. Los estadios ninfales se determinaron según el desarrollo de los rudimentos alares, la genitalia externa y el número de segmentos antenales. Complementariamente se realizó un estudio morfométrico para caracterizar los estadios previamente diferenciados por las características morfológicas. Se determinaron cinco estadios ninfales fácilmente distinguibles en base al desarrollo de los rudimentos alares y la genitalia externa. Largo de la cabeza, diámetro mayor del ojo y largo del fémur posterior fueron los caracteres más útiles para separar los individuos de los distintos estadios del mismo sexo y entre sexos. Esta información tiene utilidad para planificar estrategias de control oportunas sin que ocurran daños irreparables durante explosiones poblacionales de esta especie.
Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls National Inquiry:
Authors: Wegner Diana L. , Lawless Stephanie
Published: February 2021

In this paper we present a rhetorical genre analysis of the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) National Inquiry. We focus on the concepts of meta-genre and genre hybridity in the context of social change to explore the dynamics of the MMIWG Inquiry as an instantiation of the “truth commission” (TC). Following Giltrow (2002), we treat meta-genre as advice and criticism from genre participants about how a genre should be performed. We apply Gready’s analysis (2011) of the TC as a hybrid genre that has emerged in the context of transitional justice and post-modern governance: the hybrid incorporates three sub-genres: the state (public/national) inquiry, the human rights report, and the official history (rewritten and archived). Our goals are to examine what the concepts of meta-genre and genre hybridity offer to help explain the difficulties of national inquiries/truth commissions in general, and specifically to help illuminate the problematics of the MMIWG Inquiry. Our qualitative analysis focuses on public and media metageneric commentary on the MMIWG Inquiry, including the Commissioners’ responses, in both mainstream traditional media and social media. Our findings show that meta-generic commentary on the MMIWG Inquiry falls into five main categories or themes, each deriving from stakeholders’ expectations raised by the tributary genres.  By far, the most dominant theme is criticism of the Inquiry for its recolonizing legal framework: the ideology of colonialism that inhabits the TC’s state inquiry tributary genre is the object of significant meta-generic criticism. The other four recurrent themes are the perception that the Inquiry should be a criminal investigation, criticism of the Inquiry for its restriction to an “advisory” role only, calls for the inquiry to have a human rights framework, and the expectation that the inquiry is to facilitate meaningful reconciliation. We suggest that, as a recurring and constitutive feature of genre, and, as an arena of negotiation over how genre is to be performed, meta-genre can function as a kind of oversight and challenge that, as an index of social change, inhabits genre as a response to its own inertia. We also suggest that the TC genre creates genre confusion through its conflation of the widely divergent and broad exigences of its tributary genres. We conclude that, at the time of this writing, stakeholders’ diverse expectations, the TC’s problematic hybridity, and the MMIWG Inquiry’s colonizing, statist, legal framework constrain the impetus for change, rendering the Inquiry “truth-lite” (Gready, p. 50) and low impact, and affording only “thin reconciliation”.
Streams to the Ocean of Wisdom
Authors: Solomon Mark L.
Published: February 2021

The second of two short papers, this article responds to Bachmann, and focuses on the metaphor of water as a symbol of Wisdom in Ben Sira 24. Having enumerated six biblical rivers of wisdom, Ben Sira conceives himself as the seventh river, beginning as a tiny channel and swelling into a mighty river of instruction, eventually joining the sea of Wisdom. The symbolism looks back to the prophetic association of living waters with Messianic redemption, and forwards to the Rabbis’ use of water as a symbol of Torah, which they identify both with biblical Wisdom and with the divine Logos. Both Christian and Jewish traditions see the Logos, whether incarnate in Christ or embodied in the Torah, as the vehicle for God’s purifying, redeeming activity. In both cases, the universal redemption flows from the particular.
The history of neurosurgery at Baylor College of Medicine
Authors: Srinivasan Visish M. , Hadley Caroline C. , Patel Akash J. , Ehni Bruce L. , Weiner Howard L. , Rao Ganesh , Lang Frederick F. , Sawaya Raymond E. , Yoshor Daniel
Published: February 2021

The development of neurosurgery at Baylor College of Medicine began with the medical school’s relocation to the new Texas Medical Center in Houston in 1943. An academic service was organized in 1949 as a section of neurosurgery within Baylor’s Department of Surgery. Soon the practice, led by Dr. George Ehni, evolved to include clinical services at Methodist, Jefferson Davis (forerunner of Ben Taub), Texas Children’s, the Veterans Affairs, and the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center hospitals. A neurosurgery residency program was established in 1954. As the clinical practice expanded, neurosurgery was upgraded from a section to a division and then to a department. It has been led by four chiefs/chairs over the past 60 years—Dr. George Ehni (1959–1979), Dr. Robert Grossman (1980–2004), Dr. Raymond Sawaya (2005–2014), and Dr. Daniel Yoshor (2015–2020). Since the 1950s, the department has drawn strength from its robust residency program, its research base in the medical school, and its five major hospital affiliates, which have largely remained unchanged (with the exception of Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center replacing Methodist in 2004). The recent expansion of the residency program to 25 accredited positions and the growing strength of relationships with the “Baylor five” hospitals affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine portend a bright future.
Minimal anterior and posterior combined transpetrosal approach for large petroclival meningiomas
Authors: Morisako Hiroki , Ohata Hiroki , Shinde Bharat , Nagahama Atsufumi , Watanabe Yusuke , Goto Takeo
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

Petroclival meningiomas (PCMs) remain difficult to remove, and radical tumor resection continues to pose a relatively high risk of neurological morbidity in patients with these lesions because of the proximity of the tumor to neurovascular structures. The anterior and posterior combined (APC) transpetrosal approach allows resection of a large petroclival lesion with minimal retraction of the temporal lobe. However, this approach is thought to be complex and time-consuming. The authors simplified this approach by minimizing the petrosectomy and used this method for large PCMs. This retrospective study describes the surgical technique and surgical outcomes of large PCMs.

METHODS

Between 2014 and 2019, 23 patients (19 women and 4 men) with benign (WHO grade I) PCMs were treated using the minimal APC (MAPC) transpetrosal approach. The mean age at surgery was 54.0 years (range 37–74 years). The mean tumor diameter was 40.3 mm (range 30–74 mm). The surgical technique consisted of a temporo-suboccipital craniotomy and minimal drilling of the petrous ridge. After opening Meckel’s cave and removing the lesion at the prepontine cistern, drilling of the petrous apex with superior mobilization of the trigeminal nerve was performed through the subdural space for further tumor resection around the petrous apex. Finally, the tumor was removed as much as possible.

RESULTS

The mean preoperative and postoperative tumor volumes were 26.8 and 1.3 cm3, respectively. The mean extent of resection was 95.4% (range 62%–100%). Postoperative impairments included facial numbness in 7 patients, trochlear nerve palsy in 3 patients, mild oculomotor nerve palsy in 2 patients, and transient abducens nerve palsy in 1 patient. Preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status was improved in 13 patients, remained stable in 9 patients, and deteriorated in 1 patient.

CONCLUSIONS

The MAPC transpetrosal approach provides sufficiently wide exposure of petroclival lesions. Maximal resection via the MAPC transpetrosal approach is a suitable surgical option for the treatment of large PCMs.
Intraoperative continuous vagus nerve monitoring with repetitive direct stimulation in surgery for jugular foramen tumors
Authors: Matsushima Ken , Kohno Michihiro , Ichimasu Norio , Tanaka Yujiro , Nakajima Nobuyuki , Yoshino Masanori
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

Surgery for tumors around the jugular foramen has significant risks of dysphagia and vocal cord palsy due to possible damage to the lower cranial nerve functions. For its treatment, long-term tumor control by maximum resection while avoiding permanent neurological damage is required. To accomplish this challenging goal, the authors developed an intraoperative continuous vagus nerve monitoring system and herein report their experience with this novel neuromonitoring method.

METHODS

Fifty consecutive patients with tumors around the jugular foramen (34 jugular foramen schwannomas, 11 meningiomas, 3 hypoglossal schwannomas, and 2 others) who underwent microsurgical resection under continuous vagus nerve monitoring within an 11-year period were retrospectively investigated. Evoked vagus nerve electromyograms were continuously monitored by direct 1-Hz stimulation to the nerve throughout the microsurgical procedure.

RESULTS

The average resection rate was 96.2%, and no additional surgery was required in any of the patients during the follow-up period (average 65.0 months). Extubation immediately after surgery and oral feeding within 10 days postoperatively were each achieved in 49 patients (98.0%). In 7 patients (14.0%), dysphagia and/or hoarseness were mildly worsened postoperatively at the latest follow-up, but tracheostomy or gastrostomy was not required in any of them. Amplitude preservation ratios on intraoperative vagus nerve electromyograms were significantly smaller in patients with postoperative worsening of dysphagia and/or hoarseness (cutoff value 63%, sensitivity 86%, specificity 79%).

CONCLUSIONS

Intraoperative continuous vagus nerve monitoring enables real-time and quantitative assessment of vagus nerve function and is important for avoiding permanent vagus nerve palsy, while helping to achieve sufficient resection of tumors around the jugular foramen.
Quality of life in children with hydrocephalus treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy
Authors: Ros-Sanjuán Ángela , Iglesias-Moroño Sara , Ros-López Bienvenido , Rius-Díaz Francisca , Delgado-Babiano Andrea , Arráez-Sánchez Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study were to determine the quality of life of a pediatric cohort with hydrocephalus treated by endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), using the Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire–Spanish version (HOQ-Sv), and study the clinical and radiological factors associated with a better or worse functional status.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was undertaken between September 2018 and December 2019. It comprised a series of 40 patients ranging from 5 to 18 years old with hydrocephalus treated by ETV. ETV was considered to be successful if there was no need for surgery for the treatment of hydrocephalus after a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The clinical variables included gender, age at hydrocephalus diagnosis, age at the time of ETV, age at completion of the questionnaire, etiology and type of hydrocephalus (communicating or not), prior shunt, repeat ETV, number of neurosurgical procedures, number of epileptic seizures, presenting signs, and follow-up duration until last office revision. The radiological variables were the Evans Index and the pre- and posttreatment frontooccipital horn ratio. An analysis was conducted of the association between all these variables and the various dimensions on the HOQ-Sv, completed by the parents of the patients via telephone or in the outpatient offices.

RESULTS

The mean age of the children at ETV was 7 years (range 7–194 months), and on completing the questionnaire was 12 years (range 60–216 months). The mean HOQ scores were as follows: overall 0.82, physical domain 0.86, social-emotional (SE) domain 0.84, cognitive domain 0.75, and utility score 0.90. A history of epileptic crises was a predictive factor for a worse score overall and in the SE and cognitive domains. Factors related to a worse score in the physical domain were a previous shunt, the number of procedures, and the etiology and type of hydrocephalus. The mean follow-up duration from ETV to the last office visit was 5 years (64.5 months). No association was found between the degree of ventricular reduction and the quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS

The factors related to a worse score in the different dimensions of the HOQ were a history of epileptic seizures, the number of procedures, communicating hydrocephalus, and having had a previous valve. No association was found between the reduction in ventricular size and the quality of life as measured on the HOQ-Sv.
Ультразвуковой контроль сварного шва тонкостенной титановой оболочки с индикатором непровара
Authors: Исхужин Р.Р. , Борисов В.Н. , Атавин В.Г. , Узких А.А. , Хафизова К.К.
Published: February 2021

The work considers the methodology of weld ultrasonic inspection of thin-wall (0.6 mm) titanium alloy shells. The paper also presents a review of publications on Lamb wave excitation and propagation, and on applications of ultrasonic inspection of thin-wall weldments. The problem of adhesion detection was successfully solved (weld zones with incomplete fusion conduct ultrasonic waves well, but do not provide mechanical strength). Angular groove is proposed as an indication of incomplete fusion in the weld. We analyzed different propagation modes of Lamb wave in the material and selected optimum inspection parameters. Wavelet analysis and precise digital filters with small increment provided great efficiency. Inspection results of corrupted weld and defect-free regions were analyzed. The results of ultrasonic scanning were compared to metallographic study data.