bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal heterogeneity, migration, and consequences for spawning potential of female bull trout in a river–reservoir system
Authors: Benjamin Joseph R. , Vidergar Dmitri T. , Dunham Jason B.
Published: April 2020

The likelihood that fish will initiate spawning, spawn successfully, or skip spawning in a given year is conditioned in part on availability of energy reserves. We evaluated the consequences of spatial heterogeneity in thermal conditions on the energy accumulation and spawning potential of migratory bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a regulated river–reservoir system. Based on existing data, we identified a portfolio of thermal exposures and migratory patterns and then estimated their influence on energy reserves of female bull trout with a bioenergetics model. Spawning by females was assumed to be possible if postspawning energy reserves equaled or exceeded 4 kJ/g. Given this assumption, results suggested up to 70% of the simulated fish could spawn each year. Fish that moved seasonally between a cold river segment and a warmer reservoir downstream had a greater growth rate and higher propensity to spawn in a given year (range: 40%–70%) compared with fish that resided solely in the cold river segment (25%–40%). On average, fish that spawned lost 30% of their energy content relative to their prespawn energy. In contrast, fish that skipped spawning accumulated, on average, 16% energy gains that could be used toward future gamete production. Skipped spawning occurred when water temperatures were relatively low or high, and if upstream migration occurred relatively late (mid‐July or later) or early (early‐May or earlier). Overall, our modeling effort suggests the configuration of thermal exposures, and the ability of bull trout to exploit this spatially and temporally variable thermal conditions can strongly influence energy reserves and likelihood of successful spawning.
Application of homogenization methods for Ireland's monthly precipitation records: Comparison of break detection results
Authors: Coll John , Domonkos Peter , Guijarro José , Curley Mary , Rustemeier Elke , Aguilar Enric , Walsh Séamus , Sweeney John
Published: April 2020

Time series homogenization for 299 of the available precipitation records for the island of Ireland (IENet) was performed. Four modern relative homogenization methods, that is, HOMER, ACMANT, CLIMATOL and AHOPS were applied to this network of station series where contiguous intact monthly records range from 30 to 70 years within the base period 1941–2010. Break detection results are compared between homogenization methods, and coincidences with available documentary information (metadata) were analysed. The lowest (highest) number of breaks were detected with HOMER (ACMANT). Large differences of break frequency were found, namely ACMANT and AHOPS detected 8 times as many breaks than HOMER, while the break frequency with CLIMATOL was intermediate. Also, the ratio of series classified to be homogeneous varies widely between the methods. It is 85% with HOMER, 60% with CLIMATOL, 31% with AHOPS, while only 22% with ACMANT. In a further experiment, all the available time series for Ireland and Northern Ireland, (910 series) were used with ACMANT and CLIMATOL to explore the stability of break frequency for the same 299 series examined in the base experiment. While overall break frequency slightly increased (by 6–13%), the break positions notably changed for individual time series. The number of breaks changed for 59% (23%) of the series with ACMANT (CLIMATOL). For the breaks detected coincidentally by at least three methods including ACMANT and CLIMATOL in the base experiment, the second experiment confirmed the break positions in 86–87% of the breaks. The consequences of these results in relation to the reliability of statistical homogenization are discussed. Sometimes markedly different step functions provide comparable good approaches. However, the accuracy of homogenized time series cannot be related directly to the instability of break detection results.
Downscaling climate projections over large and data sparse regions: Methodological application in the Zambezi River Basin
Authors: Peleg Nadav , Sinclair Scott , Fatichi Simone , Burlando Paolo
Published: April 2020

Climate impact studies often require climate data at a higher space–time resolution than is available from global and regional climate models. Weather generator (WG) models, generally designed for mesoscale applications (e.g., 101–105 km2), are popular and widely used tools to downscale climate data to finer resolution. One advantage of using WGs is their ability to generate the necessary climate variables for impact studies in data sparse regions. In this study, we evaluate the ability of a previously established state of the art WG (the AWE‐GEN‐2d model) to perform in data sparse regions that are beyond the mesoscale, using the Zambezi River basin (106 km2) in southeast Africa as a case study. The AWE‐GEN‐2d model was calibrated using data from satellite retrievals and climate re‐analysis products in place of the absent observational data. An 8‐km climate ensemble at hourly resolution, covering the period of 1976–2099 (present climate and RCP4.5 emission scenario from 2020), was then simulated. Using the simulated 30‐member ensemble, climate indices for both present and future climates were computed. The high‐resolution climate indices allow detailed analysis of the effects of climate change on different areas within the basin. For example, the southwestern area of the basin is predicted to experience the greatest change due to increased temperature, while the southeastern area was found to be already so hot that is less affected (e.g., the number of 'very hot days' per year increase by 18 and 9 days, respectively). Rainfall intensities are found to increase most in the eastern areas of the basin (1 mm·d−1) in comparison to the western region (0.3 mm·d−1). As demonstrated in this study, AWE‐GEN‐2d can be calibrated successfully using data from climate reanalysis products in the absence of ground station data and can be applied at larger scales than the mesoscale.
Influence of collagen membrane on bone quality in titanium mesh reconstructions—Study in rats
Authors: Borges Cristine D'Almeida , Faria Paulo Esteves Pinto , Pessôa de Oliveira Paula Gabriela Faciola , Sales de Melo Soares Mariana , Ricoldi Milla Sprone Tavares , Costa Monalisa Sena , Novaes Júnior Arthur Belém , Tambasco de Oliveira Paulo , Taba Júnior Mário
Published: April 2020

Background

New bone formation and tissue remodeling are the major challenges in implantology today. Titanium meshes have demonstrated reconstructive potential for vertical bone gain. However, the soft tissue healing is technically sensitive to the surgical procedure. The combined usage of collagen membrane and specification of the meshes may ensure greater predictability. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the influence of collagen membrane on the quality of the new bone formation in guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures with different titanium meshes.

Methods

Twenty‐eight Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four main experimental groups, according to mesh pore size in μm: Group P300 (titanium meshes, with 0.3‐mm thickness and 3‐mm pore size; n = 7); Group P175 (titanium meshes, with 0.3‐mm thickness and 1.75‐mm pore size; n = 7); Group P85: (titanium meshes, with 0.04‐mm thickness and 0.85‐mm pore size; n = 7); Group P15: (titanium meshes. with 0.04‐mm thickness and 0.15‐mm pore size; n = 7). The femurs of each animal were subdivided into test and control groups: Test: bovine bone graft associated with porcine collagen and collagen membrane was used; control: bovine bone graft associated with porcine collagen was used without association with collagen membrane. Bone quality evaluation by in vivo microtomography and histologic analysis were performed.

Results

Bone volume formation was similar between groups (P >0.05). However, the titanium meshes with pore size >1 mm demonstrated higher mineral bone density in comparison with meshes with pore size <1 mm (P <0.05), regardless of the combined usage of collagen membrane. All groups showed a spongy bone formation after 30 days.

Conclusions

Combined usage of collagen membrane in GBR procedures with titanium mesh did not show improvements in new bone quality in rat femur model. However, titanium mesh pore size specifications may influence bone quality.
A Case of Generalized Chorea Presenting as an Early Feature of Fragile‐X Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome
Authors: Islam Fariha , Lee Will
Published: April 2020

View Supplementary Video 1
POLR3A‐Related Disorder Presenting with Late‐Onset Dystonia and Spastic Paraplegia
Authors: de Assis Pereira Matos Paula Camila Alves , Gama Maria Thereza Drumond , Bezerra Márcio Luiz Escórcio , da Rocha Antônio José , Barsottini Orlando G. P. , Pedroso José Luiz
Published: April 2020

View Supplementary Video S1
CARES Act to help providers bolster care; supports communities, businesses
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: April 2020

As the country continues to grapple with this unprecedented COVID‐19 pandemic, mental health field leaders are responding to what the most recent $2 trillion stimulus aid package passed by the Senate and House and signed by President Trump means for mental health and substance use providers.
Bipedicled distally based medial plantar artery perforator flap for forefoot reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Guillier David , Campisi Corrado , Krähenbühl Swen M. , Raffoul Wassim , di Summa Pietro G.
Published: April 2020

Reconstruction of soft‐tissue defects in the foot weight‐bearing area should encompass sensate and robust skin. Regarding forefoot defects, distally based medial plantar artery (MPA) flap is an ideal option. However, considering variation of the terminal branches of the MPA, reverse flow flaps can be unreliable with an increasing risk of venous congestion or insufficient arterial flow. In this report, we present a case of the use of reverse flow MPA flaps with dual flow vascularization. The patient was a 37‐year‐old female who presented a 7 × 3 cm soft‐tissue defect of the right forefoot after wide local excision following melanoma. Reconstruction happened with a perforator distally based bipedicled flap (8 × 4 cm) on the MPA though keeping an enhanced vascularization through both superficial (sMPA) and deep (dMPA) medial plantar arteries. Donor site was closed with skin graft. Patient was discharged from hospital at postoperative Day 10 and healed uneventfully with progressive start walk was possible again. A full weight bearing with normal shoes was possible after 8 weeks. Good healing and no functional impairment were present after 9 months of follow‐up. We believe this dual vascularization concept may be adopted when possible to improve the overall circulation of the flap and to prevent risks of vascular insufficiency or vein congestion.
Study on multi‐time reflection induced by in‐line fiber connector in engineering applied distributed single‐fiber interferometer sensing system
Authors: Li Churui , Yan Yuze , Wang Chao
Published: April 2020

In this article, multi‐time reflection phenomenon induced by fiber connector at the connection point of device module in engineering applied all‐fiber long‐distance distributed vibration sensing system is analyzed and discussed. Despite the application of phase generated carrier (PGC) technology, this multi‐time reflection phenomenon severely degrades the performance of the system. Through theoretical analysis and experiments on the basis of PGC technology, it is found that the influence of multi‐time reflection on the system can be suppressed by selecting appropriate modulation frequency according to the position of the reflection point, and the distortion of the phase retrieved signal is effectively eliminated.
Investigation of Parameters that Affect Resin Swelling in Green Solvents
Authors: Amadi‐Kamalu Chidi , Clarke Holly , McRobie Matthew , Mortimer James , North Michael , Ran Yanrui , Routledge Anne , Sibbald Dani , Tickias Matthew , Tse Kai , Willway Helen
Published: April 2020

The influence of various physical and chemical factors on the swelling of polystyrene and PEG based resins in greener organic solvents has been systematically investigated. In general, chemical factors: the nature of the functionality/linker and the degree of loading were found to have a far larger influence on the swelling of the resins than physical parameters such as bead size. The results are interpreted in terms of Hansen solubility parameters for the solvents and there is evidence that some solvents interact with the polymeric core of a resin whilst others interact with the functionality. The results are extended to a study of the changes in resin swelling observed during both deprotection and chain elongation reactions during solid phase peptide synthesis.
Enhanced surface insulation of micron alumina/epoxy composites brought by plasma co‐hydrothermal fluorination of filler
Authors: Zhou Huahao , Xie Qing , Ruan Haoou , An Guoping , Wu Gengteng , Yang Xinyu , Zhang Yahui
Published: April 2020

Epoxy resin filled with micron alumina (micro‐Al2O3/ER) has been widely used in the manufacture of basin insulators for its excellent mechanical and thermal properties. However, charge dissipation properties of micro‐Al2O3/ER are too poor to ensure its surface insulation on strength under long‐term action of a DC electric field. In this paper, the modification method of plasma cohydrothermal fluorination of filler was proposed to improve its surface charge dissipation performance. The surface morphology and the element content of Al2O3 were observed, and the flashover voltage and charge characteristics of different composites were tested. Finally, the trap distribution was calculated by isothermal current attenuation method. Self‐comparison analysis with single‐step modification of plasma treatment shows that the cofluorination method has a high graft rate of fluorine element and an ideal modification effect on surface insulation, with its technical means convenient to be applied in the insulator manufacturing industry.
Matching with time‐dependent treatments: A review and look forward
Authors: Thomas Laine E. , Yang Siyun , Wojdyla Daniel , Schaubel Douglas E.
Published: April 2020

Observational studies of treatment effects attempt to mimic a randomized experiment by balancing the covariate distribution in treated and control groups, thus removing biases related to measured confounders. Methods such as weighting, matching, and stratification, with or without a propensity score, are common in cross‐sectional data. When treatments are initiated over longitudinal follow‐up, a target pragmatic trial can be emulated using appropriate matching methods. The ideal experiment of interest is simple; patients would be enrolled sequentially, randomized to one or more treatments and followed subsequently. This tutorial defines a class of longitudinal matching methods that emulate this experiment and provides a review of existing variations, with guidance regarding study design, execution, and analysis. These principles are illustrated in application to the study of statins on cardiovascular outcomes in the Framingham Offspring cohort. We identify avenues for future research and highlight the relevance of this methodology to high‐quality comparative effectiveness studies in the era of big
data.
Recent Process of Flexible Transistor‐Structured Memory
Authors: Ni Yao , Wang Yongfei , Xu Wentao
Published: April 2020

Flexible transistor‐structured memory (FTSM) has attracted great attention for its important role in flexible electronics. For nonvolatile information storage, FTSMs with floating‐gate, charge‐trap, and ferroelectric mechanisms have been developed. By introducing an optical sensory module, FTSM can be operated by optical inputs to function as an optical memory transistor. As a special type of FTSM, transistor‐structured artificial synapse emulates important functions of a biological synapse to mimic brain‐inspired memory behaviors and nervous signal transmissions. This work reviews the recent development of the above mentioned FTSMs, with a focus on working mechanism and materials, and flexibility.
Small‐Scale Propellers Deliver Miniature Versions of Themselves
Authors: Karshalev Emil , Yan Jieming , Campos Isaac , Sandraz Elodie , Li Jinxing , Wang Joseph
Published: April 2020

Small‐scale actuators and propellers have benefited from advances in materials and manufacturing to become more lifelike. Inspired by animal species, multi‐generational chemically powered artificial propellers that carry small versions of themselves and deliver them “on‐the‐fly” are described. The released replicas are capable of autonomous propulsion and propelling immediately after detachment. Release occurs without human involvement and relies solely on sacrificial layers separating the carriers and replicas. These layers are composed of transient natural polymers, which dissolve under the swimming conditions to release the confined replicas. Judicious selection of the responsive transient materials, layer thickness, and solution conditions (e.g., pH), leads to programmable delivery of the replicas. Finally, the ability of the same carrier propellers to carry and transport multiple generations of propellers and deliver them at predetermined times is demonstrated.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty as treatment of malignant vertebral lesions: a systematic review and GRADE evaluation resulting in a Danish national clinical guideline
Authors: Rousing Rikke , Kirkegaard Andreas Ole , Nielsen Michael , Holtved Eva , Sørensen Leif Hougaard , Lund Thomas , Olesen Viola , Andersen Mikkel Ø.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To summarize the recommendations from the national clinical guideline published by the Danish Health Authority, regarding cemental augmentation as treatment for painful vertebral lesions, in patients with malignant disease.

Methods

A multidisciplinary working group formulated recommendations based on the GRADE approach.

Results

Two of the questions were based on randomized studies and one on professional consensus. The guideline recommends cemental augmentation for painful vertebral lesions in patients with malignant diagnosis, either hematological or non-hematological. Fracture of the posterior wall is not a contradiction to cemental augmentation, but care should always be taken while injecting the cement, to decrease the risk of cemental leaks into the spinal canal.

Conclusion

The recommendations are based on low-to-moderate quality of evidence or professional consensus as well as patient preferences and positive and harmful effects of the intervention. The working group recommends more randomized studies on patients with different malignant diseases and painful vertebral lesions comparing percutaneous vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty and conservative treatment to confirm the conclusion in this guideline.

Graphic abstract

These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Epidemiological trends, predictive factors, and projection of tooth loss in Germany 1997–2030: part II. Edentulism in seniors
Authors: Schwendicke Falk , Nitschke Ina , Stark Helmut , Micheelis Wolfgang , Jordan Rainer A.
Published: April 2020

Objective

This is the second part of a report on tooth loss in Germany 1997–2030. Here, we describe trends in the prevalence of edentulism in seniors 1997–2014, assess predictive factors for edentulism, and projected it into 2030.

Material and methods

We used data from three waves of the cross-sectional, multi-center, nationwide representative German Oral Health Studies. Overall, 3449 seniors (65–74 years) were included (1997: 1367; 2005: 1040; 2016: 1042). Age, sex, educational level, smoking status, and the cohort were entered into age-cohort binary-logistic regression models to assess the association of predictors with edentulism and to project edentulism in 2030 via Monte Carlo simulations.

Results

Between 1997 and 2014, the prevalence of edentulism decreased from 24.8 to 12.4%. With each year of age, the risk of being edentate increased (by 11%, p < 0.001); it was also significantly increased in female versus male (by 40%, p = 0.001), low versus medium and high educational level (up to 257%, p < 0.001), and in former and current smokers (up to 258%, p < 0.001). We predict the prevalence of edentulism to be reduced to 4.2% in 2030. The reduction will be higher in males, never and former smokers, and those with low socio-educational level. On an absolute level and despite a growing elderly population (aged 60–80 years), the number of edentate individuals will have decreased by 3.6 million in 2030 compared with 1997.

Conclusions

Edentulism in seniors has declined equitably in Germany. The decline is expected to continue until 2030. Further efforts are needed to tackle the underlying risk factors.

Clinical relevance

This study presents trends of edentulism in Germany for a period of three decades. It provides clinically relevant data for health care planning by 2030.
The effect of readability and language choice in management accounting reports on risk-taking: an experimental study
Authors: Besuglov Ewgenij , Crasselt Nils
Published: April 2020

Concisely written financial documents facilitate information processing and help to improve decision-making. However, the role of readability seems to be still neglected in accounting practice. Readability concerns become even more relevant in the light of the fact that English is commonly used as the corporate language in multinational corporations throughout the world. Management reports prepared in a foreign language may be less readable than reports written in the preparer’s mother tongue. With this study we set out to experimentally investigate the effects of report readability and choosing either managers’ mother tongue or a foreign language as the reporting language on risk-taking in a management accounting context. We were able to show that a low level of readability significantly reduces the willingness to accept beneficial risks, a phenomenon which can be explained by the cognitive load effect. In line with the foreign language effect, we provide tentative evidence that the use of a foreign language in combination with a high readability level enhances the willingness to undertake beneficial risks. Further investigation revealed that the foreign language effect is present only for a medium–high language proficiency level and can be best explained by the reduced emotionality account.
Cemented all-polyethylene glenoid with standard or individualized backside curvature
Authors: Schnetzke Marc , Sulzer Susan , Engelke Jennifer , Loew Markus
Published: April 2020

Background

The clinical and radiographic results of an all-polyethylene glenoid with variable backside curvature adapted to the individual anatomy were compared with a standard all-polyethylene glenoid.

Methods

This retrospective study included 87 patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis and anatomic shoulder replacement with a short-stem prosthesis and cemented all-polyethylene glenoid. In all, 42 patients with a mean age of 67 ± 8 years were treated with an all-polyethylene glenoid without variable curvature (group 1) and 45 patients with a mean age of 68 ± 10 years were treated with an all-polyethylene glenoid with individualized curvature (group 2). Clinical outcome was determined by range of motion, Constant Score (CS) age- and sex-adjusted Constant Score (CS%), and Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV). Radiographs were analyzed for the occurrence of radiolucent lines according to the method of Mole.

Results

After a mean follow-up of 31 months (range, 24–50) a significant improvement was achieved in all clinical parameters in both groups (p < 0.001). Immediately postoperatively, the radiolucent line score in group 1 was 0.8 ± 1.4 and in group 2 0.7 ± 1.1 (p = 0.713). At the final follow-up, the radiolucent line scores were 1.2 ± 2.0 in group 1 and 0.9 ± 1.1 in group 2 (p = 0.410). In five patients (12%) from group 1 and four patients from group 2 (9%), the radiolucent line score increased over time. One patient in group 1 (2%) exhibited radiographic glenoid loosening.

Conclusion

The all-polyethylene glenoid with individualized curvature showed promising short-term clinical and radiographic results. Further studies with a longer follow-up are necessary to evaluate whether the new all-polyethylene glenoid is superior to the standard all-polyethylene glenoid.
Phase Equilibrium Study of the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 System at 1300°C and 1400°C in Air
Authors: Shi Junjie , Chen Min , Wan Xingbang , Taskinen Pekka , Jokilaakso Ari
Published: April 2020

Due to the importance of the physicochemical properties of slag in the recovery of low-titanium ores and by-products, the equilibrium phase relationships of the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2 system were experimentally determined using a high-temperature equilibration and quenching method at 1300°C and 1400°C. The equilibrium information was obtained by scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer. Perovskite, spinel and pseudobrookite solid solution phases with MgO·2TiO2 and Al2O3·TiO2 end members were found to be coexisting with the liquid phase. The 1300°C and 1400°C isotherms were then constructed on a CaO-SiO2-TiO2-8 wt.% MgO-14 wt.% Al2O3 quasi-ternary section. Comparisons with predictions by Factsage and MTDATA indicated that the computational results agreed well only in the primary phase field of perovskite, while clear deviations existed within other primary phase fields. Therefore, the present results improve our knowledge about the utilization of titanium resources, and are also significant in providing novel equilibrium data for updating the related thermodynamic databases.
Collective competence: Moving from individual to collaborative expertise
Authors: Langlois Sylvia
Published: April 2020

None
Assessment of grinding weld treatment methods using effective notch stresses
Authors: Mecséri B. J. , Kövesdi B.
Published: April 2020

An experimental and numerical research program is executed to investigate the fatigue lifetime increase due to grinding-type post-weld treatment method. Plate edge gusset, longitudinal attachment and T-type joint specimens are investigated using fatigue test results, numerical models and mathematical statistical tools. The favourable impact of grinding on fatigue lifetime of the analysed joints is commonly known for researchers. However, considering the lifetime increasing effect is mainly based on experimental results. In the current research program, numerical models for as-welded and post-weld-treated specimens are developed and the lifetime increasing effect of weld treatment is investigated using effective notch stress (ENS) method. Fatigue tests are executed on as-welded and weld-treated specimens, and their results are comparatively evaluated based on numerical calculations and measured lifetimes. The results prove that the fatigue lifetime of weld treated (ground) details can be predicted with high accuracy by applying modified weld geometry in the numerical model and ENS method. Based on the current investigation, it is proved that the advantage of weld geometry treatment method comes mainly from the modification of the weld geometry at the fatigue critical point. Results also show that the same S-N curve can be applied for both as-welded and ground specimens, if the modified weld geometry is implemented in the numerical model.
Value-Distribution of the Riemann Zeta-Function Along Its Julia Lines
Authors: Steuding Jörn , Suriajaya Ade Irma
Published: April 2020

For an arbitrary complex number $$a\ne 0$$

a
≠
0

we consider the distribution of values of the Riemann zeta-function $$\zeta $$
ζ
at the a-points of the function $$\Delta $$
Δ
which appears in the functional equation $$\zeta (s)=\Delta (s)\zeta (1-s)$$

ζ
(
s
)
=
Δ
(
s
)
ζ
(
1
-
s
)

. These a-points $$\delta _a$$

δ
a

are clustered around the critical line $$1/2+i\mathbb {R}$$

1
/
2
+
i
R

which happens to be a Julia line for the essential singularity of $$\zeta $$
ζ
at infinity. We observe a remarkable average behaviour for the sequence of values $$\zeta (\delta _a)$$

ζ
(

δ
a

)

.
Environmental heavy metals and cardiovascular diseases: Status and future direction
Authors: Yang Ai‐Min , Lo Kenneth , Zheng Tong‐Zhang , Yang Jing‐Li , Bai Ya‐Na , Feng Ying‐Qing , Cheng Ning , Liu Si‐Min
Published: April 2020

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and environmental degradation are leading global health problems of our time. Recent studies have linked exposure to heavy metals to the risks of CVD and diabetes, particularly in populations from low‐ and middle‐income countries, where concomitant rapid development occurs. In this review, we 1) assessed the totality, quantity, and consistency of the available epidemiological studies, linking heavy metal exposures to the risk of CVD (including stroke and coronary heart disease); 2) discussed the potential biological mechanisms underlying some tantalizing observations in humans; and 3) identified gaps in our knowledge base that must be investigated in future work. An accumulating body of evidence from both experimental and observational studies implicates exposure to heavy metals, in a dose‐response manner, in the increased risk of CVD. The limitations of most existing studies include insufficient statistical power, lack of comprehensive assessment of exposure, and cross‐sectional design. Given the widespread exposure to heavy metals, an urgent need has emerged to investigate these putative associations of environmental exposures, either independently or jointly, with incident CVD outcomes prospectively in well‐characterized cohorts of diverse populations, and to determine potential strategies to prevent and control the impacts of heavy metal exposure on the cardiometabolic health outcomes of individuals and populations.
Scattering of SH Wave by a Semi-Circle Inclusion Embedded in Bi-Material Half Space Surface
Authors: Jang Paeksan , Ri Yongguk , Ri Songchol , Pang Cholho , Ok Changson
Published: April 2020

Investigation of SH wave scattering by inclusions in bi-material half space is an important issue in engineering. The purpose of this work is to study the dynamic response of a semi-circle inclusion embedded in bi-material half space surface by SH wave. Graf's addition theorem, Green function method and region-matching technique are used to determine the displacement fields in the bi-material half space and the inclusion. The distributions of dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) around the semi-circle inclusion are depicted graphically considering different material parameters. The results show that the frequency and the incidence angle of SH wave, the rigidities of the inclusion and bi-material half space, and the distance from the inclusion to the interface have a great effect on the distribution of DSCF around the inclusion.
Analysis of Antarctic Peninsula glacier frontal ablation rates with respect to iceberg melt-inferred variability in ocean conditions
Authors: Dryak M. C. , Enderlin E. M.
Published: April 2020

Marine-terminating glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) have retreated, accelerated and thinned in response to climate change in recent decades. Ocean warming has been implicated as a trigger for these changes in glacier dynamics, yet little data exist near glacier termini to assess the role of ocean warming here. We use remotely-sensed iceberg melt rates seaward of two glaciers on the eastern and six glaciers on the western AP from 2013 to 2019 to explore connections between variations in ocean conditions and glacier frontal ablation. We find iceberg melt rates follow regional ocean temperature variations, with the highest melt rates (mean ≈ 10 cm d−1) at Cadman and Widdowson glaciers in the west and the lowest melt rates (mean ≈ 0.5 cm d−1) at Crane Glacier in the east. Near-coincident glacier frontal ablation rates from 2014 to 2018 vary from ~450 m a−1at Edgeworth and Blanchard glaciers to ~3000 m a−1at Seller Glacier, former Wordie Ice Shelf tributary. Variations in iceberg melt rates and glacier frontal ablation rates are significantly positively correlated around the AP (Spearman'sρ= 0.71,p-value = 0.003). We interpret this correlation as support for previous research suggesting submarine melting of glacier termini exerts control on glacier frontal dynamics around the AP.
Where you are, what you want, and what you can do: The role of master statuses, personality traits, and social cognition in shaping ego network size, structure, and composition
Authors: Brashears Matthew E. , Aufderheide Brashears Laura , Harder Nicolas L.
Published: April 2020

Ego networks are thought to be influenced by the opportunities provided to associate with others given by our master statuses (e.g., race or sex), by the preferences individuals possess for interaction given our personality traits (e.g., extroverted or neurotic), and by the capacity to manage interactions on an ongoing basis given our cognitive ability to recall network information. However, prior research has been unable to examine all three classes of predictors concurrently. We rectify this deficiency in the literature by using a novel dataset of nearly 1000 respondents collected using controlled laboratory designs; using this dataset, we can simultaneously examine the impact of master statuses, personality traits, and social cognitive competencies on ego network size, structure (i.e., density), and composition (i.e., diversity). We find that all classes of predictors influence our ego networks, though in different ways, and point to new avenues for research into human sociability.
Choosing an event description: What a PropBank study reveals about the contrast between light verb constructions and counterpart synthetic verbs
Authors: BONIAL CLAIRE , POLLARD KIMBERLY A.
Published: April 2020

Light verb constructions (LVCs) in English and Romance languages are somewhat unique crosslinguistically because LVCs in these languages tend to have semantically similar synthetic verb counterparts (Zarco 1999): e.g.make an appearanceandappear. This runs contrary to assumptions in linguistic theories that two competing forms are rarely maintained in a language unless they serve distinct purposes (e.g. Grice 1975). Why do English LVCs exist alongside counterpart synthetic verbs, especially given that synthetic verbs are arguably the more efficient form (Zipf 1949)? It has been proposed that LVCs serve an aspectual function (Prince 1972, Live 1973, Wierzbicka 1982, Tanabe 1999, Butt & Geuder 2001), as there are telic LVC counterparts (e.g.have a thought) of atelic verbs (e.g.think).  This proposal has been difficult to evaluate without a large-scale resource providing a markup of both LVCs and counterpart verbs. Addressing this gap in resources, the present research describes the development of guidelines for LVC annotation in the English PropBank (Bonial & Palmer 2015). The focus of this article is the subsequent analysis of these annotations, aimed at uncovering corpus evidence of what contexts call for the use of an LVC over a synthetic verb. The corpus study shows that the general function of LVCs is not an aspectual one and provides distributional evidence that the ease and variety with which LVCs can be modified is the general motivating factor for the use of an LVC.
Does choice of drought index influence estimates of drought-induced rice losses in India?
Authors: Fontes Francisco , Gorst Ashley , Palmer Charles
Published: April 2020

Drought events have critical impacts on agricultural production yet there is little consensus on how these should be measured and defined, with implications for drought research and policy. We develop a flexible rainfall-temperature drought index that captures all dry events and we classify these as Type 1 (above-average cooling degree days) and Type 2 droughts (below-average cooling degree days). Applied to a panel dataset of Indian districts over 1966–2009, Type 2 droughts are found to have negative marginal impacts comparable to those of Type 1 droughts. Irrigation more effectively reduces Type 2 drought-induced yield losses than Type 1 yield losses. Over time, Type 1 drought losses have declined while Type 2 losses have risen. Estimates of average yield losses due to Type 1 droughts are reduced by up to 27 per cent when Type 2 droughts are omitted. The associatedex-posteconomic costs in terms of rice production are underestimated by up to 124 per cent.
Exploring Residual Capacity
Authors: Rosa Eduardo , Marsja Erik , Ljungberg Jessica K.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Alarm systems may take advantage of the tactile modality for allocation of attentional resources during the performance of demanding tasks in complex environments. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a tactile warning during increasing levels of mental workload in a primary task. Three simulated flight task conditions varying in mental workload were presented while an “on-thigh” vibrotactile warning was randomly assessed. Generally, there was a decrement in overall warning response performance when task workload increased, but this tendency faded and plateaued as the level of task workload progressed. The observed pattern indicates that vibrotactile warning signals may offer a plausible mode for conveying information during increasing levels of primary task workload.
Correction: Humanized bone facilitates prostate cancer metastasis and recapitulates therapeutic effects of Zoledronic acid in vivo
Authors: Landgraf Marietta , Lahr Christoph A. , Sanchez-Herrero Alvaro , Meinert Christoph , Shokoohmand Ali , Pollock Pamela M. , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Shafiee Abbas , McGovern Jacqui A.
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Wannier–Koopmans method calculations for transition metal oxide band gaps
Authors: Weng Mouyi , Pan Feng , Wang Lin-Wang
Published: April 2020

The widely used density functional theory (DFT) has a major drawback of underestimating the band gaps of materials. Wannier–Koopmans method (WKM) was recently developed for band gap calculations with accuracy on a par with more complicated methods. WKM has been tested for main group covalent semiconductors, alkali halides, 2D materials, and organic crystals. Here we apply the WKM to another interesting type of material system: the transition metal (TM) oxides. TM oxides can be classified as either with d0 or d10 closed shell occupancy or partially occupied open shell configuration, and the latter is known to be strongly correlated Mott insulators. We found that, while WKM provides adequate band gaps for the d0 and d10 TM oxides, it fails to provide correct band gaps for the group with partially occupied d states. This issue is also found in other mean-field approaches like the GW calculations. We believe that the problem comes from a strong interaction between the occupied and unoccupied d-state Wannier functions in a partially occupied d-state system. We also found that, for pseudopotential calculations including deep core levels, it is necessary to remove the electron densities of these deep core levels in the Hartree and exchange–correlation energy functional when calculating the WKM correction parameters for the d-state Wannier functions.
Ground-state energy estimation of the water molecule on a trapped-ion quantum computer
Authors: Nam Yunseong , Chen Jwo-Sy , Pisenti Neal C. , Wright Kenneth , Delaney Conor , Maslov Dmitri , Brown Kenneth R. , Allen Stewart , Amini Jason M. , Apisdorf Joel , Beck Kristin M. , Blinov Aleksey , Chaplin Vandiver , Chmielewski Mika , Collins Coleman , Debnath Shantanu , Hudek Kai M. , Ducore Andrew M. , Keesan Matthew , Kreikemeier Sarah M. , Mizrahi Jonathan , Solomon Phil , Williams Mike , Wong-Campos Jaime David , Moehring David , Monroe Christopher , Kim Jungsang
Published: April 2020

Quantum computing leverages the quantum resources of superposition and entanglement to efficiently solve computational problems considered intractable for classical computers. Examples include calculating molecular and nuclear structure, simulating strongly interacting electron systems, and modeling aspects of material function. While substantial theoretical advances have been made in mapping these problems to quantum algorithms, there remains a large gap between the resource requirements for solving such problems and the capabilities of currently available quantum hardware. Bridging this gap will require a co-design approach, where the expression of algorithms is developed in conjunction with the hardware itself to optimize execution. Here we describe an extensible co-design framework for solving chemistry problems on a trapped-ion quantum computer and apply it to estimating the ground-state energy of the water molecule using the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) method. The controllability of the trapped-ion quantum computer enables robust energy estimates using the prepared VQE ansatz states. The systematic and statistical errors are comparable to the chemical accuracy, which is the target threshold necessary for predicting the rates of chemical reaction dynamics, without resorting to any error mitigation techniques based on Richardson extrapolation.
Blood flow-restricted resistance exercise alters the surface profile, miRNA cargo and functional impact of circulating extracellular vesicles
Authors: Just Jesper , Yan Yan , Farup Jean , Sieljacks Peter , Sloth Mette , Venø Morten , Gu Tingting , de Paoli Frank Vincenzo , Nyengaard Jens Randel , Bæk Rikke , Jørgensen Malene Møller , Kjems Jørgen , Vissing Kristian , Drasbek Kim Ryun
Published: April 2020

Ischemic exercise conducted as low-load blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFRE) can lead to muscle remodelling and promote muscle growth, possibly through activation of muscle precursor cells. Cell activation can be triggered by blood borne extracellular vesicles (EVs) as these nano-sized particles are involved in long distance signalling. In this study, EVs isolated from plasma of healthy human subjects performing a single bout of BFRE were investigated for their change in EV surface profiles and miRNA cargos as well as their impact on skeletal muscle precursor cell proliferation. We found that after BFRE, five EV surface markers and 12 miRNAs were significantly altered. Furthermore, target prediction and functional enrichment analysis of the miRNAs revealed several target genes that are associated to biological pathways involved in skeletal muscle protein turnover. Interestingly, EVs from BFRE plasma increased the proliferation of muscle precursor cells. In addition, alterations in surface markers and miRNAs indicated that the combination of exercise and ischemic conditioning during BFRE can stimulate blood cells to release EVs. These results support that BFRE promotes EV release to engage in muscle remodelling and/or growth processes.
Native/citrullinated LL37-specific T-cells help autoantibody production in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Lande R. , Palazzo R. , Gestermann N. , Jandus C. , Falchi M. , Spadaro F. , Riccieri V. , James E. A. , Butera A. , Boirivant M. , Feldmeyer L. , Surbeck I. , Di Lucca J. , Stuber F. , Spinelli F. R. , Botti E. , Marinari B. , Bianchi L. , Pica R. , Cerbelli B. , Giannakakis K. , Auteri S. E. , Daniels I. , Durrant L. G. , Horstman S. , Costanzo A. , Romero P. , Alessandri C. , Conti F. , Valesini G. , Gilliet M. , Chizzolini C. , Frasca L.
Published: April 2020

LL37 exerts a dual pathogenic role in psoriasis. Bound to self-DNA/RNA, LL37 licenses autoreactivity by stimulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells-(pDCs)-Type I interferon (IFN-I) and acts as autoantigen for pathogenic Th17-cells. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), LL37 also triggers IFN-I in pDCs and is target of pathogenic autoantibodies. However, whether LL37 activates T-cells in SLE and how the latter differ from psoriasis LL37-specific T-cells is unknown. Here we found that 45% SLE patients had circulating T-cells strongly responding to LL37, which correlate with anti-LL37 antibodies/disease activity. In contrast to psoriatic Th17-cells, these LL37-specific SLE T-cells displayed a T-follicular helper-(TFH)-like phenotype, with CXCR5/Bcl-6 and IL-21 expression, implicating a role in stimulation of pathogenic autoantibodies. Accordingly, SLE LL37-specific T-cells promoted B-cell secretion of pathogenic anti-LL37 antibodiesin vitro. Importantly, we identified abundant citrullinated LL37 (cit-LL37) in SLE tissues (skin and kidney) and observed very pronounced reactivity of LL37-specific SLE T-cells to cit-LL37, compared to native-LL37, which was much more occasional in psoriasis. Thus, in SLE, we identified LL37-specific T-cells with a distinct functional specialization and antigenic specificity. This suggests that autoantigenic specificity is independent from the nature of the autoantigen, but rather relies on the disease-specific milieu driving T-cell subset polarization and autoantigen modifications.
Search trends and prediction of human brucellosis using Baidu index data from 2011 to 2018 in China
Authors: Zhao Chenhao , Yang Yuhan , Wu Songyu , Wu Wenchao , Xue Hetian , An Kai , Zhen Qing
Published: April 2020

Reporting on brucellosis, a relatively rare infectious disease caused by Brucella, is often delayed or incomplete in traditional disease surveillance systems in China. Internet search engine data related to brucellosis can provide an economical and efficient complement to a conventional surveillance system because people tend to seek brucellosis-related health information from Baidu, the largest search engine in China. In this study, brucellosis incidence data reported by the CDC of China and Baidu index data were gathered to evaluate the relationship between them. We applied an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and an ARIMA model with Baidu search index data as the external variable (ARIMAX) to predict the incidence of brucellosis. The two models based on brucellosis incidence data were then compared, and the ARIMAX model performed better in all the measurements we applied. Our results illustrate that Baidu index data can enhance the traditional surveillance system to monitor and predict brucellosis epidemics in China.
Up-regulation of voltage-gated sodium channels by peptides mimicking S4-S5 linkers reveals a variation of the ligand-receptor mechanism
Authors: Malak Olfat A. , Abderemane-Ali Fayal , Wei Yue , Coyan Fabien C. , Pontus Gilyane , Shaya David , Marionneau Céline , Loussouarn Gildas
Published: April 2020

Prokaryotic NaV channels are tetramers and eukaryotic NaV channels consist of a single subunit containing four domains. Each monomer/domain contains six transmembrane segments (S1-S6), S1-S4 being the voltage-sensor domain and S5-S6 the pore domain. A crystal structure of NaVMs, a prokaryotic NaV channel, suggests that the S4-S5 linker (S4-S5L) interacts with the C-terminus of S6 (S6T) to stabilize the gate in the open state. However, in several voltage-gated potassium channels, using specific S4-S5L-mimicking peptides, we previously demonstrated that S4-S5L/S6T interaction stabilizes the gate in the closed state. Here, we used the same strategy on another prokaryotic NaV channel, NaVSp1, to test whether equivalent peptides stabilize the channel in the open or closed state. A NaVSp1-specific S4-S5L peptide, containing the residues supposed to interact with S6T according to the NaVMs structure, induced both an increase in NaVSp1 current density and a negative shift in the activation curve, consistent with S4-S5L stabilizing the open state. Using this approach on a human NaV channel, hNaV1.4, and testing 12 hNaV1.4 S4-S5L peptides, we identified four activating S4-S5L peptides. These results suggest that, in eukaryotic NaV channels, the S4-S5L of DI, DII and DIII domains allosterically modulate the activation gate and stabilize its open state.