bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Economic Complexity, Energy Consumption Structure and Greenhouse Gas Emission: Heterogeneous Panel Evidence from the EU Countries
Authors: Neagu Olimpia , Teodoru Mircea Constantin
Published: January 2019

The aim of the paper is to examine the long-term relationship between economic complexity, energy consumption structure, and greenhouse gas emission, within a panel of European Union countries and two subpanels: (i) European economies with higher economic complexity and (ii) European economies with a lower level of economic complexity. Taking into consideration the heterogeneity among European countries, the heterogeneous panel technique is used, including panel estimation through fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS). The empirical findings indicate a long-term equilibrium relationship between economic complexity, energy consumption structure and greenhouse gas emission within all three panels. Economic complexity and energy consumption structure have a statistically significant impact on greenhouse gas emission within all panels, but the influence is higher within the subpanel of countries with a lower level of economic complexity, suggesting a higher risk of pollution as the economic complexity grows and as the energy balance inclines in favor of non-renewable energy consumption. Our paper suggests that the economic complexity is a variable that must be taken into consideration when national economic and energy policies are shaped. Finally, policy implications for each panel of countries are discussed.
Sustainability Education and Organizational Change: A Critical Case Study of Barriers and Change Drivers at a Higher Education Institution
Authors: E. Akins Edwin , Giddens Elizabeth , Glassmeyer David , Gruss Amy , Kalamas Hedden Maria , Slinger-Friedman Vanessa , Weand Matthew
Published: January 2019

Integrating sustainability within institutions of higher education can have a tremendous impact on students, faculty, and the larger community. Sustainability efforts also experience many barriers to implementation within higher education contexts. A change management perspective can help characterize these barriers and ways to overcome them. In this critical case study, we use a process model to examine the kinds of barriers Kennesaw State University (KSU) has faced regarding implementation of academic sustainability and to evaluate change drivers that can advance sustainability during a time of leadership change. The process model evaluates barriers and change drivers according to published frameworks, and provides a way for higher education institutions to identify the most difficult barriers, easily surmountable barriers, and areas where change drivers can have the most impact. At KSU, the process model identified the self-determination of middle-tier change drivers as the most important way to advance sustainable development in higher education institutions (SD in HEI) until new leadership emerges. The process model is iterative and modifiable, because the specific frameworks used in the process model may vary depending upon the needs of each HEI and stage of progression toward SD.
Sustainable Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling Optimization Using a Genetic Algorithm with an Integrated Chromosome Representation
Authors: Lee Hyun Cheol , Ha Chunghun
Published: January 2019

This paper proposes a genetic algorithm (GA) to find the pseudo-optimum of integrated process planning and scheduling (IPPS) problems. IPPS is a combinatorial optimization problem of the NP-complete class that aims to solve both process planning and scheduling simultaneously. The complexity of IPPS is very high because it reflects various flexibilities and constraints under flexible manufacturing environments. To cope with it, existing metaheuristics for IPPS have excluded some flexibilities and constraints from consideration or have built a complex structured algorithm. Particularly, GAs have been forced to construct multiple chromosomes to account for various flexibilities, which complicates algorithm procedures and degrades performance. The proposed new integrated chromosome representation makes it possible to incorporate various flexibilities into a single string. This enables the adaptation of a simple and typical GA procedure and previously developed genetic operators. Experiments on a set of benchmark problems showed that the proposed GA improved makespan by an average of 17% against the recently developed metaheuristics for IPPS in much shorter computation times.
The Politics of Selection: Towards a Transformative Model of Environmental Innovation
Authors: Hausknost Daniel , Haas Willi
Published: January 2019

As a purposive sustainability transition requires environmental innovation and innovation policy, we discuss potentials and limitations of three dominant strands of literature in this field, namely the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions (MLP), the innovation systems approach (IS), and the long-wave theory of techno-economic paradigm shifts (LWT). All three are epistemologically rooted in an evolutionary understanding of socio-technical change. While these approaches are appropriate to understand market-driven processes of change, they may be deficient as analytical tools for exploring and designing processes of purposive societal transformation. In particular, we argue that the evolutionary mechanism of selection is the key to introducing the strong directionality required for purposive transformative change. In all three innovation theories, we find that the prime selection environment is constituted by the market and, thus, normative societal goals like sustainability are sidelined. Consequently, selection is depoliticised and neither strong directionality nor incumbent regime destabilisation are societally steered. Finally, we offer an analytical framework that builds upon a more political conception of selection and retention and calls for new political institutions to make normatively guided selections. Institutions for transformative innovation need to improve the capacities of complex societies to make binding decisions in politically contested fields.
Integrated Assessment Method of Emergency Plan for Sudden Water Pollution Accidents Based on Improved TOPSIS, Shannon Entropy and a Coordinated Development Degree Model
Authors: Long Yan , Yang Yilin , Lei Xiaohui , Tian Yu , Li Youming
Published: January 2019

Water is the source of all things, so it can be said that without the sustainable development of water resources, there can be no sustainable development of human beings. In recent years, sudden water pollution accidents have occurred frequently. Emergency response plan optimization is the key to handling accidents. Nevertheless, the non-linear relationship between various indicators and emergency plans has greatly prevented researchers from making reasonable assessments. Thus, an integrated assessment method is proposed by incorporating an improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, Shannon entropy and a Coordinated development degree model to evaluate emergency plans. The Shannon entropy method was used to analyze different types of index values. TOPSIS is used to calculate the relative closeness to the ideal solution. The coordinated development degree model is applied to express the relationship between the relative closeness and inhomogeneity of the emergency plan. This method is tested in the decision support system of the Middle Route Construction and Administration Bureau, China. By considering the different nature of the indicators, the integrated assessment method is eventually proven as a highly realistic method for assessing emergency plans. The advantages of this method are more prominent when there are more indicators of the evaluation object and the nature of each indicator is quite different. In summary, this integrated assessment method can provide a targeted reference or guidance for emergency control decision makers.
Impacts of Urban Green Landscape Patterns on Land Surface Temperature: Evidence from the Adjacent Area of Olympic Forest Park of Beijing, China
Authors: Amani-Beni Majid , Zhang Biao , Xie Gao-Di , Shi Yunting
Published: January 2019

Urban green space has been considered as an ecological measure to mitigate urban heat islands (UHI). However, few studies investigate the cooling effect of the adjacent area of the urban park; as the transition region from a green space to a hardened surface where more complex heat exchange occurs, it deserves to be paid more attention. This paper examines the relationship between the urban greening patterns and the cooling effect in the surrounding areas of the Olympic Forest Park in Beijing. Results showed that the forestland and waterbodies could cool 6.51% and 12.82% of the impervious surface temperatures, respectively. For every 10% increase in the green space ratio, the land surface temperature drops by 0.4°C, and per kilometer increase in the distance from the forest park, the land surface temperature increases by 0.15 °C. The aggregation index (AI) and largest patch index (LPI) of the green space patterns presented a strong negative correlation with surface temperature. This study confirms the cooling effects in the adjacent area of the urban park and highlights their dependence on urban greening patterns. Therefore, we should not only develop more green spaces but also scientifically plan their spatial configuration in the limited urban land for the improvement of the cooling effect.
Differential Transcriptome Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in the Cecal Tonsil of Susceptible and Resistant Turkeys
Authors: Reed Kent M. , Mendoza Kristelle M. , Coulombe Roger A.
Published: January 2019

The nearly-ubiquitous food and feed-borne mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is carcinogenic and mutagenic, posing a food safety threat to humans and animals. One of the most susceptible animal species known and thus a good model for characterizing toxicological pathways, is the domesticated turkey (DT), a condition likely due, at least in part, to deficient hepatic AFB1-detoxifying alpha-class glutathione S-transferases (GSTAs). Conversely, wild turkeys (Eastern wild, EW) are relatively resistant to the hepatotoxic, hepatocarcinogenic and immunosuppressive effects of AFB1 owing to functional gene expression and presence of functional hepatic GSTAs. This study was designed to compare the responses in gene expression in the gastrointestinal tract between DT (susceptible phenotype) and EW (resistant phenotype) following dietary AFB1 challenge (320 ppb for 14 days); specifically in cecal tonsil which functions in both nutrient absorption and gut immunity. RNAseq and gene expression analysis revealed significant differential gene expression in AFB1-treated animals compared to control-fed domestic and wild birds and in within-treatment comparisons between bird types. Significantly upregulated expression of the primary hepatic AFB1-activating P450 (CYP1A5) as well as transcriptional changes in tight junction proteins were observed in AFB1-treated birds. Numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-β and EGF were significantly down regulated by AFB1 treatment in DT birds and pathway analysis suggested suppression of enteroendocrine cells. Conversely, AFB1 treatment modified significantly fewer unique genes in EW birds; among these were genes involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism and immune response. This is the first investigation of the effects of AFB1 on the turkey gastro-intestinal tract. Results suggest that in addition to the hepatic transcriptome, animal resistance to this mycotoxin occurs in organ systems outside the liver, specifically as a refractory gastrointestinal tract.
Half a Century of Research on Membrane-Containing Bacteriophages: Bringing New Concepts to Modern Virology
Authors: Mäntynen Sari , Sundberg Lotta-Riina , Oksanen Hanna M. , Poranen Minna M.
Published: January 2019

Half a century of research on membrane-containing phages has had a major impact on virology, providing new insights into virus diversity, evolution and ecological importance. The recent revolutionary technical advances in imaging, sequencing and lipid analysis have significantly boosted the depth and volume of knowledge on these viruses. This has resulted in new concepts of virus assembly, understanding of virion stability and dynamics, and the description of novel processes for viral genome packaging and membrane-driven genome delivery to the host. The detailed analyses of such processes have given novel insights into DNA transport across the protein-rich lipid bilayer and the transformation of spherical membrane structures into tubular nanotubes, resulting in the description of unexpectedly dynamic functions of the membrane structures. Membrane-containing phages have provided a framework for understanding virus evolution. The original observation on membrane-containing bacteriophage PRD1 and human pathogenic adenovirus has been fundamental in delineating the concept of “viral lineages”, postulating that the fold of the major capsid protein can be used as an evolutionary fingerprint to trace long-distance evolutionary relationships that are unrecognizable from the primary sequences. This has brought the early evolutionary paths of certain eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal viruses together, and potentially enables the reorganization of the nearly immeasurable virus population (~1 × 1031) on Earth into a reasonably low number of groups representing different architectural principles. In addition, the research on membrane-containing phages can support the development of novel tools and strategies for human therapy and crop protection.
CSV2018: The 2nd Symposium of the Canadian Society for Virology
Authors: Grandvaux Nathalie , McCormick Craig
Published: January 2019

The 2nd Symposium of the Canadian Society for Virology (CSV2018) was held in June 2018 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, as a featured event marking the 200th anniversary of Dalhousie University. CSV2018 attracted 175 attendees from across Canada and around the world, more than double the number that attended the first CSV symposium two years earlier. CSV2018 provided a forum to discuss a wide range of topics in virology including human, veterinary, plant, and microbial pathogens. Invited keynote speakers included David Kelvin (Dalhousie University and Shantou University Medical College) who provided a historical perspective on influenza on the 100th anniversary of the 1918 pandemic; Sylvain Moineau (Université Laval) who described CRISPR-Cas systems and anti-CRISPR proteins in warfare between bacteriophages and their host microbes; and Kate O’Brien (then from Johns Hopkins University, now relocated to the World Health Organization where she is Director of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals), who discussed the underlying viral etiology for pneumonia in the developing world, and the evidence for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as a primary cause. Reflecting a strong commitment of Canadian virologists to science communication, CSV2018 featured the launch of Halifax’s first annual Soapbox Science event to enable public engagement with female scientists, and the live-taping of the 499th episode of the This Week in Virology (TWIV) podcast, hosted by Vincent Racaniello (Columbia University) and science writer Alan Dove. TWIV featured interviews of CSV co-founders Nathalie Grandvaux (Université de Montréal) and Craig McCormick (Dalhousie University), who discussed the origins and objectives of the new society; Ryan Noyce (University of Alberta), who discussed technical and ethical considerations of synthetic virology; and Kate O’Brien, who discussed vaccines and global health. Finally, because CSV seeks to provide a better future for the next generation of Canadian virologists, the symposium featured a large number of oral and poster presentations from trainees and closed with the awarding of presentation prizes to trainees, followed by a tour of the Halifax Citadel National Historic Site and an evening of entertainment at the historic Alexander Keith’s Brewery.
The Contribution of Coniferous Canopy to the Molecular Diversity of Dissolved Organic Matter in Rainfall
Authors: Ide Jun’ichiro , Makita Naoki , Jeong Seonghun , Yamase Keitaro , Ohashi Mizue
Published: January 2019

Rainwater interacts with tree canopies in forest ecosystems, which greatly influence its quality. However, little information is available regarding how tree canopies influence dissolved organic matter (DOM) in rainwater. To examine this, we collected bulk deposition (rainfall) and throughfall in a conifer (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantation, western Japan, during a rain event, and analyzed their DOM molecular compositions using ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The dissolved organic carbon flux and the number of DOM molecular species detected were approximately seven times and three times higher in throughfall than in rainfall, respectively. We found that the average proportion of molecular species shared between five sample replicates was larger in throughfall (69%) than in rainfall (50%). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that the molecular species were significantly differentiated between throughfall and rainfall, and the dissimilarity among the replicates was much smaller in throughfall. This indicates that the quality of DOM in rainwater became spatially homogeneous due to contact with tree canopies. The number of lignin-like molecules was larger than those of any other biomolecular compounds in throughfall and seven times larger than in rainfall, suggesting that many of plant-derived DOM molecules were dissolved into rainwater.
Comparison of Methods to Estimate Lake-Surface-Water Temperature Using Landsat 7 ETM+ and MODIS Imagery: Case Study of a Large Shallow Subtropical Lake in Southern Brazil
Authors: Tavares Matheus Henrique , Cunha Augusto Hugo Farias , Motta-Marques David , Ruhoff Anderson Luís , Cavalcanti J. Rafael , Fragoso Carlos Ruberto , Martín Bravo Juan , Munar Andrés Mauricio , Fan Fernando Mainardi , Rodrigues Lucia Helena Ribeiro
Published: January 2019

Water temperature regulates many processes in lakes; therefore, evaluating it is essential to understand its ecological status and functioning, and to comprehend the impact of climate change. Although few studies assessed the accuracy of individual sensors in estimating lake-surface-water temperature (LSWT), comparative analysis considering different sensors is still needed. This study evaluated the performance of two thermal sensors, MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+, and used Landsat methods to estimate the SWT of a large subtropical lake. MODIS products MOD11 LST and MOD28 SST were used for comparison. For the Landsat images, the radiative transfer equation (RTE), using NASA’s Atmospheric Correction Parameter Calculator (AtmCorr) parameters, was compared with the single-channel algorithm in different approaches. Our results showed that MOD11 obtained the highest accuracy (RMSE of 1.05 ° C), and is the recommended product for LSWT studies. For Landsat-derived SWT, AtmCorr obtained the highest accuracy (RMSE of 1.07 ° C) and is the recommended method for small lakes. Sensitivity analysis showed that Landsat-derived LSWT using the RTE is very sensitive to atmospheric parameters and emissivity. A discussion of the main error sources was conducted. We recommend that similar tests be applied for Landsat imagery on different lakes, further studies on algorithms to correct the cool-skin effect in inland waters, and tests of different emissivity values to verify if it can compensate for this effect, in an effort to improve the accuracy of these estimates.
Using a Hydrologic Model to Assess the Performance of Regional Climate Models in a Semi-Arid Watershed in Brazil
Authors: Santos Carlos A. S. , Rocha Felizardo. A. , Ramos Tiago B. , Alves Lincoln M. , Mateus Marcos , Oliveira Rodrigo Proença de , Neves Ramiro
Published: January 2019

This study assessed the impact of climate change on the hydrological regime of the Paraguaçu river basin, northeastern Brazil. Hydrological impact simulations were conducted using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for 2020–2040. Precipitation and surface air temperature projections from two Regional Climate Models (Eta-HadGEM2-ES and Eta-MIROC5) based on IPCC5—RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios were used as inputs after first applying two bias correction methods (linear scaling—LS and distribution mapping—DM). The analysis of the impact of climate change on streamflow was done by comparing the maximum, average and reference (Q90) flows of the simulated and observed streamflow records. This study found that both methods were able to correct the climate projection bias, but the DM method showed larger distortion when applied to future scenarios. Climate projections from the Eta-HadGEM2-ES (LS) model showed significant reductions of mean monthly streamflow for all time periods under both RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The Eta-MIROC5 (LS) model showed a lower reduction of the simulated mean monthly streamflow under RCP 4.5 and a decrease of streamflow under RCP 8.5, similar to the Eta-HadGEM2-ES model results. The results of this study provide information for guiding future water resource management in the Paraguaçu River Basin and show that the bias correction algorithm also plays a significant role when assessing climate model estimates and their applicability to hydrological modelling.
The Evaluation of Regional Water-Saving Irrigation Development Level in Humid Regions of Southern China
Authors: Zhao Lu , Zhang Lili , Cui Ningbo , Liang Chuan , Feng Yi
Published: January 2019

Water-saving irrigation development level (WIDL) refers to reasonably and accurately judging a water-saving area based on the analysis of all factors affecting the water-saving irrigation development. The evaluation of regional WIDL is the premise of scientific planning guidance to irrigation work. How to select reasonable evaluation indexes and build a scientific and comprehensive model to evaluate WIDL is of great significance. In this study, the comprehensive evaluation index system of WIDL in 21 cities (states) of the Sichuan province in China (a typical humid region in southern China) was constructed, and the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) method was improved to evaluate WIDL. Results showed that the overall development level of water-saving irrigation was “poor” in Sichuan province. The water-saving irrigation level turned out to be “good” in three regions with advantageous geographical conditions and developed economies, “general” in four regions with good economic levels where agronomy water saving has been popularized, and “poor” in fourteen regions of mountainous and hilly areas, especially Ganzi, Aba, and Liangshan, located in the Northwest plateau of Sichuan province, with poor natural resources and insufficient economies. The evaluation results were in good agreement with the actual situation, and in this area, there is enormous potential for the development of water-saving irrigation strategies. This study provides an important technical approach for the evaluation of water-saving irrigation development in humid regions of Southern China.
INTERNAL NOISE MODELLING PROBLEMS OF TRANSPORT POWER EQUIPMENT
Authors: Bazaras Jonas
Published: January 2019

The acoustic analysis of transport vehicles is presented in this article. Two types of vehicles of Russian production (TEP‐60 and M62) were selected for this research. Using ANSYS/Multiphysic software acoustic noise of different power units in the engine sector was simulated. In this paper we present the modelling results of the locomotive internal noise. In ANSYS/Multiphysic anbience the problems of acoustics are solved on the basis of harmonic response analysis by providing harmonic pressure excitation (sine type) at some points of fluid structure and obtaining the pressure distribution in the fluid. By changing the agitation frequency variable sound distribution at the interval of different frequencies is obtained. Constructing the calculation scheme for a three dimensional locomotive model, spatial structure of finite elements is used. The whole construction was described by 3D finite elements FLUID30 designed for a specified acoustic analysis. The presented acoustic calculation model of rolling‐stock cabin allows the evaluation of structural solutions and, in case of emergency, taking extra measures in the process of rolling‐stock design. The results of acoustic calculation were compared with experimental measurements.
THE INFLUENCE OF FIXED‐ROUTE TAXI ON ROAD ACCIDENTS AND AIR POLLUTION
Authors: Komarov Jury , Fedotov Vitali
Published: January 2019

The development of market economy in Russia expands the need for movement of groups of people of large mega cities on time to a place at simultaneous reduction of the number of groups with identical purposes. Therefore for many cities a wide use of fixed‐route taxis the service of passengers at a constant increase of the numbers of routes and the numbers of transport units was characteristic. At the certain intensity of the movement of fixed‐route taxis on separate sites of city highways the transport stream and the changing quality of environment raises the risk of road accident and becomes ecologically unsafe. The results of the estimation of the negative influence of fixed‐route taxis in comparison with other categories of vehicles are presented. The research was made on city highways running through the zones with a greater number of cultural and community places, shopping centers and administrative establishments. Perspective ways of the increase of traffic safety and the decrease of concentration of harmful emissions are offered.
MODELING PERFORMANCE OF RAILWAYS NODES AS INTERMODAL TERMINALS
Authors: Vasiliauskas Aidas Vasilis
Published: January 2019

Present performance of railway transport sector is determined by two groups of factors. The first one relates to the changes of external economic environment of railway performance, while the second one deals with the internal changes in the railway transport sector. These factors determine priority directions of railway transport sector development. A good example of such development is implementation of intermodal services, which in turn foresee concept of integration of various logistics service providers.

In this paper assumption is made, that implementation of intermodal services as well as integration of various logistics services providers can not be reached without proper nodes on the multimodal transport networks. Therefore definition, urge and some key functions of intermodal terminal are discussed. Later theoretical model of such terminal performance is presented. The paper ends with conclusions about the meaning of intermodal terminal to the increase of quality level of railway transport sector performance.
LOGISTICS PARK DEVELOPMENT IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: Šulgan Marián
Published: January 2019

The paper deals with the actual situation in the Slovak Republic concerning the logistics parks development. It presents the theoretical base of the logistics park development, i.e. the comparative analysis, SWOT analysis, transport infrastructure survey, marketing study and marketing plan for logistics park. It also presents the basic characteristic of logistics park, logistics chains and activities connected with the transport, logistics and goods distribution.
ANALYSIS OF POSSIBILITIES AND PROPOSALS OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM (ITS) IMPLEMENTATION IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Jarašūniene Aldona
Published: January 2019

ITS covers all modes of and considers all elements of the transportation system - the vehicle, the infrastructure, and the driver or user, interacting together dynamically.

Information is at the core of ITS whether it is static or real‐time traffic data or a digital map. Many ITS tools are based on the collection, processing, integration and supply of information. Data generated by ITS may provide real‐time information about current conditions on a network, or on‐line information for journey planning, enabling highway authorities and agencies, road operators, public and commercial transport providers and individual travellers to make better informed, safer, more coordinated and more ‘intelligent’ decisions or ‘smarter’ use of networks.

There are studies showing estimation of ITS implementation in foreign countries and in Lithuania, ITS vision, the conclusions of SWOT analysis, possible technical solutions of ITS deployment, ITS planning and financing and measures of ITS deployment in Lithuania.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERURBAN SERVICE BY USE OF ALTERNATIVE COMMERCIAL ROAD TRAINS
Authors: Pocklad Oleg
Published: January 2019

The main task of this paper is to review the principal aspects in organization of interurban long haul service by use of road trains on the basis of the “district” traffic system. The goal of the paper is to determine the most effective methods of trucking operations in order to highlight the regularities that characterize these methods. The paper describes practicable methods of freight flow analysis, some factors and parameters concerning movement of motor‐vehicle trains and original route schedules as well. Of special interest is the obtained algorithm of economically effective trucking operations of motor‐vehicle trains on the route.
ANALYSIS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLE HYBRID POWERTRAINS
Authors: Kliauzovich Siarhei
Published: January 2019

Ecological and socioeconomic factors determine high interest in the development of pollution‐free vehicles. At present use of electro‐vehicles is suppressed by a number of technological factors. Vehicles with alternative power‐trains are transitional stage between development of pollution‐free vehicles and vehicles with conventional internal combustion engine. According to these aspects the investigation on conventional hybrid drives and their control systems is carried out in the article. The equations that allow evaluating effectiveness of regenerative braking for different variants of hybrid drive are given. The AMESim software is used as the modeling environment, in which models of hybrid vehicles are developed and the results of virtual simulation are analyzed. Also a number of recommendations for increasing of regenerative braking effectiveness are given.
TECHNIQUE FOR DEFINITION OF BREAK SIZE OF ROAD COVERING ON THE BRIDGE
Authors: Sužiedelytė-Visockienė Jūratė
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the submitted photogrammetric method for image rectification to the planar coordinate system. The images are taken by metric digital camera Canon EOS 350D. The camera is calibrated with Technet(Pictran B, D/E) software using the special test‐field for calibration. Calibration parameters are determined to the images rectification process. The images in the planar coordinate system are transformed to 5 control points with the same software. The received results are visible in tables and figures. The transformed, planar images can be applied to research, designing and deformations estimate of engineering constructions.
PRESUMPTIONS OF EFFECTIVE OPERATION OF DIESEL ENGINES RUNNING ON RME BIODIESEL. RESEARCH ON KINETICS OF COMBUSTION OF RME BIODIESEL
Authors: Lebedevas Sergejus , Vaicekauskas Andrius , Suškov Pavel
Published: January 2019

The results of experimental research on kinetics of fuel combustion of diesel engine A41are presented in the publication. The change of characteristics of indicated work (in‐cylinder pressure and temperature, period of induction, heat release and heat release rate) and fuel injection (fuel injection pressure, fuel injection phases) was determined in diesel engine running on RME biodiesel being compared to diesel fuel. The results of researches were used to explain experimentally determined changes of operational and ecological characteristics of diesel engine running on RME biodiesel. In addition, the reliability of diesel engine A41 running on RME biodiesel was evaluated. The presumptions of effective operation of diesel engines running on RME biodiesel were formulated.
THE ROLE OF INLAND WATERWAY NAVIGATION IN A SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Authors: Rohács József , Simongáti Győző
Published: January 2019

Sustainable development has become a guiding principle of human activities nowadays. Sustainable transport can take a great part in future development. Today this is not the case, and road transport contributes to this above all. For sustainable transport development the necessity of modal shift is inevitable and the inland waterway navigation should get the higher share of the total transport where there is an alternative. This presentation shows the reasons why the inland waterway navigation can increase the level of sustainability.
VALUING ATTRIBUTES OF ENHANCED TRAFFIC INFORMATION: AN EXPERIENCE IN KOLKATA
Authors: Basu Debasis , Maitra Bhargab
Published: January 2019

Most of the traffic information considers a single item like travel time or delay. In the present work, enhanced traffic information displaying instantaneous travel time and its variation from the previous interval to the present, is considered. An initial investigation is made on the effectiveness of such traffic information on route choice behavior of trip makers by valuation of attributes of the traffic information. Taking a case study of two urban corridors in the Kolkata metro city, India, the valuation is done separately for private car and taxi trip makers. The stated preference (choice based) data collected from trip makers are analyzed using both multinomial logit (MNL) and mixed logit (ML) modeling techniques. Assuming sparsely used constrained triangular distribution of random parameters, two different types of ML model are developed: one with independent choice sets and the other one by accounting heterogeneity around the mean of random parameter(s). Both family income and trip purpose are found to decompose heterogeneity around the mean estimate(s). The values of travel time and their variation presented in the paper encourage further investigation on such type of traffic information for management of congestion on alternative urban corridors both spatially and temporally.
ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKING IN HIGH‐SPEED RAIL TRANSPORT
Authors: Liudvinavičius Lionginas , Lingaitis Leonas Povilas
Published: January 2019

The paper considers electrodynamic braking of trains, which is of particular importance for high‐speed railway transport from theoretical and technical perspectives. Braking methods used for high‐speed trains should ensure compatibility and redundancy of braking systems. They include a mechanical method (based on adding frictional disks to wheelsets), as well as magnetic braking, which is being currently implemented and based on eddy currents, etc. High‐speed trains have AC/DC engines, for which the principles of electric braking can be applied. Electrodynamic braking is of particular importance for high‐speed transport using linear motors and developing the speed of 400–500 km/h. These traction rolling stocks will not have commonly used trucks. The tests in this area are being conducted in Japan and Germany now. The paper suggests some theoretical and practical solutions to these problems. Schematic diagrams of the locomotive braking and ways of controlling the braking force by varying electric circuit parameters are presented. The authors suggested contact‐free regulation of braking rheostat resistor for controlling braking force in rheostatic braking. A schematic diagram of harmonizing electrified railways and power system's upgrading aimed at ensuring power regeneration is also presented.
METHODOLOGY RECOMMENDATION FOR ONE‐CRITERION TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS: CAKMAK METHOD
Authors: Çakmak Tanyel , Ersöz Filiz
Published: January 2019

Transportation problems (TP) are one of the most prominent fields of application of the mathematical disciplines to optimization and operations research. In general, there are three starting basic feasible solution methods: Northwest Corner, Least Cost Method, VAM – Vogel's Approximation Method. The three methods differ in the quality of the starting basic solution. In this study, we actually show a new method for starting basic feasible solution to one‐criterion‐transportation problems: Çakmak Method. This method can be used for balanced or unbalanced one-criterion transportation problems, and gives the basic feasible optimum solution accordingly.
POSSIBILITIES OF DRIVEABILITY AND FUEL CONSUMPTION IMPROVEMENT BY ADVANCED CONTROL POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM IN PASSENGER CAR
Authors: Bieniek Andrzej , Jantos Jerzy , Mamala Jarosław
Published: January 2019

The correct work of a power transmission system for the sake of a car motion properties, fuel consumption and pollution emission, requires proper control of an engine and power transmission system. This problem becomes especially significant in the case of automation of the power transmission system and particularly regarding the system of constant gear ratio change between the engine and drive wheels (Continuously Variable Transmission), examined in the paper. This control is based on friction degree conditions estimation between metal belt and the transmission wheels. This paper also describes the experimental results of bench test and road test and applying of different control strategies.
RESULTS OF THE GAS CARRIER RELIQUEFACTION PLANT TRIAL
Authors: Miliajev Viktor , Erlihman Vladimir , Fatyhov Yury
Published: January 2019

In the paper results of the gas carrier reliquefaction plant trial are considered. Safe transportation of liquefied gases is explained. The construction of the ship on trial is described. Designed parameters of the reliquefaction plant are presented. Heat gain into cargo tanks is obtained. Volumetric capacity, cooling capacity, volumetric efficiency and power consumption of the compressors are determined. Results of the main engine trial, diesel generator trial, reliquefaction plant trial, and calculations performed afterwards are represented in five tables. The results obtained may be used for optimisation calculations of gas carriers’ reliquefaction plants.
A New AGILE MCAL Configuration to Detect Gamma-Ray Bursts and Sub-threshold Events in the Multimessenger Era
Authors: Ursi Alessandro , Tavani Marco , Verrecchia Francesco , Marisaldi Martino , Argan Andrea , Trois Alessio , Tempesta Patrizio
Published: January 2019

Starting in 2016 August, the onboard software configuration of the Astrorivelatore Gamma ad Immagini LEggero (AGILE) MiniCALorimeter (MCAL) was modified in order to increase the instrument trigger capabilities for the detection of short duration high-energy transients, such as weak gamma-ray sub-threshold events and short gamma-ray bursts. MCAL is a nonimaging, all-sky detector, operating in the energy range 0.4–100 MeV. This change was carried out in order to make AGILE more competitive in the detection of electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave events revealed by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory/Virgo experiments. In the 22 months from 2016 August to 2018 May, the new adopted MCAL-GW configuration substantially enhanced the number of MCAL onboard triggers, increasing the total acquisition time of the instrument, and resulted in the detection of 52 bursts, 40 of which have been confirmed by the InterPlanetary Network.
Gyrosynchrotron Emission Generated by Nonthermal Electrons with the Energy Spectra of a Broken Power Law
Authors: Wu Zhao , Chen Yao , Ning Hao , Kong Xiangliang , Lee Jeongwoo
Published: January 2019

The latest observational reports of solar flares reveal some uncommon features of microwave spectra, such as unusually hard (or even positive) spectra and/or a super-high peak frequency. For a better understanding of these features, we conduct a parameter study to investigate the effect of broken-power-law spectra of energetic electrons on microwave emission on the basis of the gyrosynchrotron mechanism. The electron broken-power-law energy distribution is characterized by three parameters—the break energy (E

B
) and the power-law indices below (δ
1) and above (δ
2) the break energy. We find that with the addition of the δ
2 component of the electron spectra, the total flux density can increase by several times in the optically thick regime, and by orders of magnitude in the optically thin regime; the peak frequency (ν

p
) also increases and can reach up to tens of gigahertz; and the degree of polarization (r

c
) decreases in general. We also find that (1) the variation of the flux density is much larger in the optically thin regime, and the microwave spectra around the peak frequency manifest various profiles with a softening or soft–hard pattern; (2) the parameters δ
1 and E

B
affect the microwave spectral index (α) and the degree of polarization (r

c
) mainly in the optically thick regime, while δ
2 mainly affects the optically thin regime. The results are helpful in understanding the recently reported microwave bursts with unusual spectral features and indicate the demands for a more complete spectral coverage of microwave bursts, especially in the high-frequency regime, say >10–20 GHz.
Different Contributions to Space Weather and Space Climate from Different Big Solar Active Regions
Authors: Jiang Jie , Song Qiao , Wang Jing-Xiu , Baranyi Tünde
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper is to show that large active regions (ARs) with different magnetic configurations have different contributions to short-term and long-term variations of the Sun. As a case study, the complex δ-type AR 12673 and the simple β-type AR 12674 are investigated in detail. Since the axial dipole moment at cycle minimum determines the amplitude of the subsequent cycle and space climate, we have assimilated the individual observed magnetic configurations of these two ARs into a surface flux transport model to compare their contributions to the axial dipole moment D. We find that AR 12673 has a significant effect on D at the end of the cycle, making it weaker because of abnormal and complicated magnetic polarities. An initial strongly positive D ends up with a strongly negative value. The flare-poor AR 12674 has a greater contribution to the long-term axial dipole moment than the flare-rich AR 12673. We then carry out a statistical analysis of ARs larger than 800 μHem from 1976 to 2017. We use the flare index FI and define an axial dipole moment index DI to quantify the effects of each AR on space weather and space climate, respectively. Whereas the FI has a strong dependence on the magnetic configuration, the DI shows no such dependence. The DI is mainly determined by the latitudinal location and the latitudinal separation of the positive and negative magnetic fluxes of the ARs. Simple ARs have the same possibility as complex ARs to produce big DI values affecting space climate.
Hidden diversity in European bees: Andrena amieti sp. n., a new Alpine bee species related to Andrena bicolor (Fabricius, 1775) (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae)
Authors: Praz Christophe , Müller Andreas , Genoud David
Published: January 2019

We revise the Alpine bee taxa related toAndrenabicolor(Fabricius, 1775), includingA.montanaWarncke, 1973 andA.allosaWarncke, 1975, the status of which has remained contentious. Phylogenetic analyses of one mitochondrial gene and one nuclear gene, as well as morphological examination reveal the presence of four Alpine species in this complex, one of which is new to science,A.amietisp. n.This new species is widely distributed in the Alps from southern France throughout Switzerland, northern Italy and southern Germany to Austria; a single record is known from the Apennines. The type locality is located within the Unesco World Heritage site “Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch”. Two widely divergent mitochondrial lineages are found in sympatry inA.amietisp. n.; the status of these lineages, which together form a paraphyletic unit from whichA.allosaarose, is briefly discussed. We show thatA.allosa,A.amietisp. n.andA.montanaare polylectic but that each species exhibits a distinct spectrum of pollen hosts: the univoltineA.allosashows affinities for pollen of the early-blooming Alpine plant genusCrocus.A.amietisp. n.is bivoltine and, as inA.bicolor, the summer generation exhibits a distinct preference for Campanulaceae, while the spring generation is widely polylectic.A.montanahas a single generation in the summer and forages on a diversity of flowers such as Campanulaceae, Cistaceae and Caryophyllaceae. An identification key is presented for central European members of the subgenus Euandrena Hedicke, 1932. Lastly, the new Alpine species appears to represent the tip of the iceberg of substantial cryptic diversity in southern European Andrena (Euandrena):A.croaticaFriese, 1887 is resurrected from synonymy withA.bicolorand treated as a valid species (stat. rev.),A.pileataWarncke, 1875, described as a subspecies ofA.allosa, is elevated to species rank (stat. n.), and three additional unclear taxa are briefly described.
Playing hard to get: two new species of subterranean Trechini beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) from the Dinaric Karst
Authors: Lohaj Roman , Delić Teo
Published: January 2019

Almost 200 years of continuous and systematic research in subterranean habitats of the Dinaric Karst and adjoining areas have resulted in the discovery of more than 400 specialized subterranean beetles. Among these, a special place belongs to the morphologically well distinguished and elusive, so called aphaenopsoid trechine beetles, which are characterized by a prolonged head, pronotum and appendages, and widened, ovoid-shaped elytra. Two new species of aphaenopsoid trechines – Derossiellalukicisp. n. from two deep pits on Mt Biokovo, Croatia, and Adriaphaenopspetrimarissp. n. from Pištet 4 Cave, Kameno more, Montenegro – are described, illustrated, and compared with closely related congeners. Identification keys for both genera and an annotated catalogue for all Adriaphaenops species, as well as data on the distribution and the ecology of these remarkable species, are provided and discussed.
First photographic record of marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata Martin, 1837 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) in Nepal
Authors: Lama Sonam Tashi , Ross James G. , Bista Damber , Sherpa Ang Phuri , Regmi Ganga Ram , Suwal Madan Krishna , Sherpa Pema , Weerman Janno , Shrestha Lama Shrota , Thapa Madhuri , Poudyal Laxman Prasad , Paterson Adrian M.
Published: January 2019

The marbled catPardofelismarmoratais a Near Threatened small felid. The cat’s presence in Nepal is based on an anecdote. A camera trap-based study to access diversity and abundance of terrestrial mammals in eastern Nepal accumulated 3,014 camera trap days and resulted in 5,176 photographs of 17 medium-large sized mammal species. Amongst them, a marbled cat was captured at a single camera trap station in January 2018. The camera trap-capturing the marbled cat was located in the secondary forest at an altitude of 2,750 m a.s.l., dominated by free-ranging cattle close to a permanent human settlement (1.4 km) and a temporary cattle herding camp (0.4 km). This is the first photographic evidence of a marbled cat in Nepal. In this survey, we also recorded three other felid species: common leopardPantherapardus, Asiatic golden-catCatopumatemminckiiand leopard catPrionailurusbengalensis. We recommend detailed year-round camera trap surveys in the mid-hills of eastern Nepal along with research on adaptation of the small felids to human-dominated areas and assessment of immediate threats for preparing sound conservation management plans of the marbled cat and its sympatric species. Initiation of conservation programmes engaging localdokpa(herders) is necessary.