bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Waxy Rice Moisture Content and Rate of CO2 Injection on Characteristics of Extruded Pellets and Vacuum‐Puffed Yukwa (a Korean Traditional Snack)
Authors: Shen Xiaojun , Gil Sunkook , Ryu Gihyung
Published: January 2013

Extrusion with CO2 injection was developed to simplify the process of producing vacuum‐puffed yukwa (rice snacks). The effects of feed moisture content and CO2 injection on the characteristics of extruded pellets (maximum viscosity and degree of gelatinization) and vacuum‐puffed yukwa (expansion ratio, bulk density, hardness, and color) were investigated. Higher feed moisture increased the size of vacuum‐puffed yukwa and the degree of gelatinization, whereas the maximum viscosity decreased. Maximum viscosity and gelatinization degree of extruded pellets were highly correlated with expansion ratio, bulk density, hardness, and color values of vacuum‐puffed yukwa. Increasing feed moisture content significantly increased expansion ratio but decreased bulk density and hardness. CO2 injection decreased bulk density and hardness of vacuum‐puffed yukwa.
First Report of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Acalypha australis in China
Authors: Ji Y. H. , Zhang H. , Zhang K. , Li G. , Lian S. , Cheng Z. B. , Zhou Y. J.
Published: January 2013

Whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (WTGs) can cause serious damage to many crops in China, so an investigation of weed hosts of WTGs was carried out in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2012. Fifty-seven symptomless samples of Acalypha australis L., a common weed known as Asian copperleaf, were randomly collected from seven tomato fields in Nanjing and Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, from July to September. Total DNA of each sample was extracted and PCR was performed using degenerate primers PA and PB to amplify a specific region covering the AV2 gene of DNA-A and part of the adjacent intergenic region (1). DNA fragments were successfully amplified from 27 out of 57 samples and PCR amplicons of 16 samples were sequenced. Alignment results showed that the nucleotide sequence identities ranged from 98 to 100% with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) accessions. The full-length viral circular DNA genome was amplified using primer pair 1AbF (ATGTGGGATCCACTTCTAAATGAATTTCC) and 1AsR (GCGTCGACAGTGCAAGACAAACTACTTGGGGACC) which were designed based on the known sequences amplified by PA and PB. The complete genome sequence (GenBank Accession No. JX910534) was 2,781 nucleotides in length and had 99 to 100% sequence identity with TYLCV accessions (GU434142, GU111505). The dot immunobinding assay using monoclonal antibody against TYLCV confirmed the 27 weed samples positive by PCR were infected by TYLCV. These results demonstrated that A. australis is a host of TYLCV that might play an important role in viral epidemics in tomato fields in China. TYLCV-infected A. australis did not show typical symptoms like leaf curl, chlorosis, and stunting and thus appears to be a symptomless host. In our investigation, the infection rate ranged from 14 to 79% depending on the field sampled, suggesting that the weed may be an important reservoir of TYLCV, especially during the non-tomato planting period. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. australis as a host of TYLCV in China.

Reference: (1) D. Deng et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 125:327, 1994.
Role of Thiopurine Metabolite Testing and Thiopurine Methyltransferase Determination in Pediatric IBD
Authors: Benkov Keith , Lu Ying , Patel Ashish , Rahhal Riad , Russell Gary , Teitelbaum Jonathan ,   NASPGHAN Committee on Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Published: January 2013

Thiopurines have been used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for >30 years, and measurements of both thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and thiopurine (TP) metabolites, 6‐thioguanine nucleotides (6‐TGN) and 6‐methylmercaptopurine (6‐MMP), have been readily available. The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) Committee on Inflammatory Bowel Disease thought it appropriate to review the present indications for use of TPMT and TP metabolite testing. Substantial evidence demonstrates that TP therapy is useful for both Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Review of the existing data yielded the following recommendations. TPMT testing is recommended before initiation of TPs to identify individuals who are homozygote recessive or have extremely low TPMT activity, with the latter having more reliability than the former. Individuals who are homozygous recessive or have extremely low TPMT activity should avoid the use of TPs because of concerns for significant leukopenia. TMPT testing does not predict all cases of leukopenia and has no value to predict hypersensitivity adverse effects such as pancreatitis. Any potential value to reduce the risk of malignancy has not been studied. All individuals taking TPs should have routine monitoring with complete blood cell count and white blood cell count differential to evaluate for leukopenia regardless of TPMT testing results. Metabolite testing can be used to determine adherence with TP therapy. Metabolite testing can be used to guide dose increases or modifications in patients with active disease. Consideration would include either increasing the dose, changing therapy or for those with elevated transaminases or an elevated 6‐MMP, using adjunctive allopurinol to help raise 6‐thioguanine metabolites and suppress formation of 6‐MMP. Routine and repetitive metabolite testing has little or no role in patients who are doing well and taking an acceptable dose of a TP.
Identification of genetically and oceanographically distinct blooms of jellyfish
Authors: Lee Patricia L. M. , Dawson Michael N , Neill Simon P. , Robins Peter E. , Houghton Jonathan D. R. , Doyle Thomas K. , Hays Graeme C.
Published: January 2013

Reports of nuisance jellyfish blooms have increased worldwide during the last half-century, but the possible causes remain unclear. A persistent difficulty lies in identifying whether blooms occur owing to local or regional processes. This issue can be resolved, in part, by establishing the geographical scales of connectivity among locations, which may be addressed using genetic analyses and oceanographic modelling. We used landscape genetics and Lagrangian modelling of oceanographic dispersal to explore patterns of connectivity in the scyphozoan jellyfish
Rhizostoma octopus
, which occurs
en masse
at locations in the Irish Sea and northeastern Atlantic. We found significant genetic structure distinguishing three populations, with both consistencies and inconsistencies with prevailing physical oceanographic patterns. Our analyses identify locations where blooms occur in apparently geographically isolated populations, locations where blooms may be the source or result of migrants, and a location where blooms do not occur consistently and jellyfish are mostly immigrant. Our interdisciplinary approach thus provides a means to ascertain the geographical origins of jellyfish in outbreaks, which may have wide utility as increased international efforts investigate jellyfish blooms.
Limit-cycle-based control of the myogenic wingbeat rhythm in the fruit flyDrosophila
Authors: Bartussek Jan , Mutlu A. Kadir , Zapotocky Martin , Fry Steven N.
Published: January 2013

In many animals, rhythmic motor activity is governed by neural limit cycle oscillations under the control of sensory feedback. In the fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster, the wingbeat rhythm is generated myogenically by stretch-activated muscles and hence independently from direct neural input. In this study, we explored if generation and cycle-by-cycle control ofDrosophila's wingbeat are functionally separated, or if the steering muscles instead couple into the myogenic rhythm as a weak forcing of a limit cycle oscillator. We behaviourally tested tethered flying flies for characteristic properties of limit cycle oscillators. To this end, we mechanically stimulated the fly's ‘gyroscopic’ organs, the halteres, and determined the phase relationship between the wing motion and stimulus. The flies synchronized with the stimulus for specific ranges of stimulus amplitude and frequency, revealing the characteristic Arnol'd tongues of a forced limit cycle oscillator. Rapid periodic modulation of the wingbeat frequency prior to locking demonstrates the involvement of the fast steering muscles in the observed control of the wingbeat frequency. We propose that the mechanical forcing of a myogenic limit cycle oscillator permits flies to avoid the comparatively slow control based on a neural central pattern generator.
Skyrmions from gravitational instantons
Authors: Dunajski Maciej
Published: January 2013

We propose a construction of Skyrme fields from holonomy of the spin connection of gravitational instantons. The procedure is implemented for Atiyah–Hitchin and Taub–NUT instantons. The skyrmion resulting from the Taub–NUT is given explicitly on the space of orbits of a left translation inside the whole isometry group. The domain of the Taub–NUT skyrmion is a trivial circle bundle over the Poincaré disc. The position of the skyrmion depends on the Taub–NUT mass parameter, and its topological charge is equal to two.
On the discovery of the diffuse interstellar bands
Authors: McCall Benjamin J. , Griffin R. Elizabeth
Published: January 2013

This contribution attempts to reconstruct the precise history of the discovery of one of astronomy's long-lasting enigmas, the so-called diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). While systematic research into the DIBs was initiated by Merrill in 1936, the first pointers to abnormal features in the spectra of distant stars were published some 15 years earlier by Mary Lea Heger, who researched them at Lick Observatory while a student. We have examined Heger's observing notebooks from her doctoral work in 1919–1920. We have also digitized her 1919 photographic plates, and compared the spectra that she measured with modern ones. Our conclusion is that Heger was indeed the first to observe and draw attention to the two absorption features at 5780 Å and 5797 Å that subsequently came to be recognized as DIBs, thereby initiating a substantial field of research that now embraces several hundred such features, all of whose provenance is unsolved even to this day.
PROTEIN l-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE2 Is Differentially Expressed in Chickpea and Enhances Seed Vigor and Longevity by Reducing Abnormal Isoaspartyl Accumulation Predominantly in Seed Nuclear Proteins
Authors: Verma Pooja , Kaur Harmeet , Petla Bhanu Prakash , Rao Venkateswara , Saxena Saurabh C. , Majee Manoj
Published: January 2013

PROTEIN l-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE (PIMT) is a widely distributed protein-repairing enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of abnormal l-isoaspartyl residues in spontaneously damaged proteins to normal aspartyl residues. This enzyme is encoded by two divergent genes (PIMT1 and PIMT2) in plants, unlike many other organisms. While the biological role of PIMT1 has been elucidated, the role and significance of the PIMT2 gene in plants is not well defined. Here, we isolated the PIMT2 gene (CaPIMT2) from chickpea (Cicer arietinum), which exhibits a significant increase in isoaspartyl residues in seed proteins coupled with reduced germination vigor under artificial aging conditions. The CaPIMT2 gene is found to be highly divergent and encodes two possible isoforms (CaPIMT2 and CaPIMT2′) differing by two amino acids in the region I catalytic domain through alternative splicing. Unlike CaPIMT1, both isoforms possess a unique 56-amino acid amino terminus and exhibit similar yet distinct enzymatic properties. Expression analysis revealed that CaPIMT2 is differentially regulated by stresses and abscisic acid. Confocal visualization of stably expressed green fluorescent protein-fused PIMT proteins and cell fractionation-immunoblot analysis revealed that apart from the plasma membrane, both CaPIMT2 isoforms localize predominantly in the nucleus, while CaPIMT1 localizes in the cytosol. Remarkably, CaPIMT2 enhances seed vigor and longevity by repairing abnormal isoaspartyl residues predominantly in nuclear proteins upon seed-specific expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), while CaPIMT1 enhances seed vigor and longevity by repairing such abnormal proteins mainly in the cytosolic fraction. Together, our data suggest that CaPIMT2 has most likely evolved through gene duplication, followed by subfunctionalization to specialize in repairing the nuclear proteome.
6-Nitro-1,3-benzothiazole-2(3H)-thione
Authors: Qiu Qi-Ming , Cui Yang-Zhe , Zhao Yin-Hua , Jin Qiong-Hua , Zhang Cun-Lin
Published: January 2013

In the title molecule, C7H4N2O2S2, the nitro group is twisted by 5.5 (1)° from the plane of the attached benzene ring. In the crystal, N—H...S hydrogen bonds link pairs of molecules into inversion dimers, which are linked by weak C—H...O interactions into sheets parallel to (101). The crystal packing exhibits short intermolecular S...O contacts of 3.054 (4) Å and π–π interactions of 3.588 (5) Å between the centroids of the five- and six-membered rings of neighbouring molecules.
(E)-3-Amino-4-(2-phenylhydrazinylidene)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
Authors: Elgemeie Galal H. , Sayed Shahinaz H. , Jones Peter G.
Published: January 2013

The molecule of the title compound, C9H9N5O, is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation of all atoms = 0.02 Å) except for the NH2H atoms. An intramolecular hydrazinylidene–carbonyl N—H...O=C hydrogen bond is present. In the crystal, molecules are connectedviaN—H...N/O hydrogen bonds, forming thick layers parallel to (100).
Bis(diethylamido-κN)(diethylamine-κN)bis(2,6-diisopropylphenylamido-κN)zirconium(IV)
Authors: Zauliczny Mateusz , Grubba Rafał , Ponikiewski Łukasz , Pikies Jerzy
Published: January 2013

In the title compound, [Zr(C12H18N)2(C4H10N)2(C4H11N)] or [Zr(HNC6H3iPr2)2(NEt2)2(HNEt2)], which was obtained by the reaction of Zr(NEt)4withiPr2C6H3NH2, the ZrIVatom is in a trigonal–bipiramidal geometry in which the N atoms from twoiPr2C6H3NH and one NEt2ligand occupy the equatorial positions, and the N atoms of an NEt2and an Et2NH ligand occupy the apical positions. An intramolecular N—H...N contact occurs. There are two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit.
(E)-2-[(Furan-2-yl)methylidene]-7-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-1-one
Authors: Thiruvalluvar A. , Archana R. , Yamuna E. , Rajendra Prasad K. J. , Butcher R. J. , Gupta Sushil K. , Öztürk Yildirim Sema
Published: January 2013

In the title molecule, C18H15NO2, the atoms in the carbazole unit deviate from planarity [maximum deviation from mean plane = 0.1317 (12) Å]. The pyrrole ring makes dihedral angles of 1.01 (8) and 18.56 (10)° with the benzene and furan rings, respectively. The cyclohexene ring adopts a half-chair conformation. In the crystal, pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds form anR22(10) ring. Molecules are further linked by C—H...O and C—H...π interactions, forming a three-dimensional network.
3-Benzyl-4-ethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione
Authors: Karczmarzyk Zbigniew , Pitucha Monika , Wysocki Waldemar , Pachuta-Stec Anna , Stańczuk Andrzej
Published: January 2013

The title compound, C11H13N3S, exists in the 5-thioxo tautomeric form. The benzene ring exhibits disorder with a refined ratio of 0.77 (2):0.23 (2) for componentsAandBwith a common bridgehead C atom. The 1,2,4-triazole ring is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.002 (3) Å for the benzyl-substituted C atom, and forms dihedral angles of 88.94 (18) and 86.56 (49)° with the benzene rings of componentsAandB, respectively. The angle between the plane of the ethyl chain and the mean plane of 1,2,4-triazole ring is 88.55 (15)° and this conformation is stabilized by an intramolecular C—H...S contact. In the crystal, pairs of N—H...S hydrogen bonds link molecules into inversion dimers. π–π interactions are observed between the triazole and benzene rings, with centroid–centroid separations of 3.547 (4) and 3.544 (12) Å for componentsAandB, and slippages of 0.49 (6) and 0.58 (15) Å, respectively.
2,6-Dimethylphenyl acridine-9-carboxylate
Authors: Trzybiński Damian , Wera Michał , Krzymiński Karol , Błażejowski Jerzy
Published: January 2013

In the title compound, C22H17NO2, the acridine ring system and the benzene ring are oriented at a dihedral angle of 37.7 (1)°. The carboxyl group is twisted at an angle of 67.7 (1)° relative to the acridine skeleton. In the crystal, molecules are arranged in stacks along thebaxis, with all of the acridine rings involved in multiple π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.632 (2)–4.101 (2) Å]. The acridine moieties are parallel within the stacks, but inclined at an angle of 52.7 (1)° in adjacent stacks.
rac-2,3-Dibromopropionamide
Authors: Köppen Robert , Emmerling Franziska , Koch Matthias
Published: January 2013

The racemic title compound, C3H5Br2NO, was crystallized from methanol. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked through N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along thec-axis direction. These chains are linked through N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming an undulating two-dimensional network lying parallel to thebcplane. There are also short Br...Br contacts present [3.514 (3) Å].
Di-μ-chlorido-bis[(2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid-κ2N,N′)chloridocopper(II)] dimethylformamide tetrasolvate
Authors: Øien Sigurd , Wragg David Stephen , Lillerud Karl Petter , Tilset Mats
Published: January 2013

In the title compound, [Cu2Cl4(C12H8N2O4)2]·4C3H7NO, which contains a chloride-bridged centrosymmetric CuIIdimer, the CuIIatom is in a distorted square-pyramidal 4 + 1 coordination geometry defined by the N atoms of the chelating 2,2′-bipyridine ligand, a terminal chloride and two bridging chloride ligands. Of the two independent dimethylformamide molecules, one is hydrogen bonded to a single –COOH group, while one links two adjacent –COOH groupsviaa strong accepted O—H...O and a weak donated C(O)—H...O hydrogen bond. Two of these last molecules and the two –COOH groups form a centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded ring in which the CH=O and the –COOH groups by disorder adopt two alternate orientations in a 0.44:0.56 ratio. These hydrogen bonds link the CuIIcomplex molecules and the dimethylformamide solvent molecules into infinite chains along [-111]. Slipped π–π stacking interactions between two centrosymmetric pyridine rings (centroid–centroid distance = 3.63 Å) contribute to the coherence of the structure along [0-11].
2-Chlorobenzene-1,4-diaminium bis(dihydrogenphosphate)
Authors: Mrad Mohamed Lahbib , Zeller Matthias , Rzaigui Mohamed , Ben Nasr Cherif
Published: January 2013

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C6H9ClN22+·2H2PO4−, contains two dihydrogenphosphate anions and one 2-chlorobenzene-1,4-diaminium dication. The H2PO4−anions are interconnected through strong O—H...O hydrogen bonds to form two-dimensional infinite layers parallel to (001). The organic entities are anchored to the inorganic layers through N—H...O hydrogen bonds, and through weak C—Cl...O halogen bonds [3.159 (2) Å, 140.48 (7)°]. No π–π stacking interactions between neighboring aromatic rings or C—H...π interactions towards them are observed. Minor disorder is observed for the Cl atom and one hydroxy group [minor-component occupancy = 3.29 (9)%].
N-(β-Carboxyethyl)-α-isoleucine
Authors: Nehls Irene , Hanebeck Olaf , Becker Roland , Emmerling Franziska
Published: January 2013

The title compound, {2-[(2-carbamoylethyl)amino]-3-methylpentanoic acid}, C9H18N2O3, is of interest with respect to its biological activity. It was formed during an addition reaction between acrylamide and the amino acid isoleucine. The crystal structure is a three-dimensional network built up by intermolecular N—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds.
Isopropyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
Authors: Mönch Bettina , Emmerling Franziska , Kraus Werner , Becker Roland , Nehls Irene
Published: January 2013

The title compound, C17H26O10, was formed by a Koenigs–Knorr reaction of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide and propan-2-ol. The central ring adopts a chair conformation. The crystal does not contain any significant intermolecular interactions.
n-Propyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
Authors: Mönch Bettina , Emmerling Franziska , Kraus Werner , Becker Roland , Nehls Irene
Published: January 2013

The title compound [systematic name: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-propoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate], C17H26O10, was formed by a Koenigs–Knorr reaction of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide andn-propanol. The central ring adopts a chair conformation. The crystal does not contain any significant interactions such as hydrogen bonds.
3-Chloro-1-methyl-4-[2-(3-phenylallylidene)hydrazinylidene]-3,4-dihydro-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-2,2-dione
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad , Tahir M. Nawaz , Harrison William T. A. , Khan Islam Ullah , Shafique Sidra
Published: January 2013

In the title compound, C18H16ClN3O2S, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 4.81 (2)° and the alkyl chain takes on an extended conformation [N—C—C—C = 179.2 (4)°]. The conformation of the thiazine ring is an envelope, with the S atom displaced by −0.805 (3) Å from the mean plane of the other five atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.046 Å). The Cl atom is an axial conformation and is displaced by 1.761 (4) Å from the thiazine ring plane. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of C—H...O interactions generateR22(20) loops and further C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the dimers into (001) sheets. Weak aromatic π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid separations = 3.870 (3) and 3.883 (3) Å] are also observed.
(Pyridin-4-yl)methylN′-(3-phenylallylidene)hydrazinecarbodithioate
Authors: Low May Lee , Ravoof Thahira Begum S. A. , Tahir Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed , Crouse Karen A. , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: January 2013

In the title compound, C16H15N3S2, the central C2N2S2residue is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.045 Å) and the pyridyl and benzene rings are inclined and approximately coplanar to this plane, respectively [dihedral angles = 72.85 (9) and 10.73 (9)°], so that, overall, the molecule adopts an L-shape. The conformation about each of the N=C [1.290 (3) Å] and C=C [1.340 (3) Å] bonds isE. Supramolecular chains along [1-10] are stabilized by N—H...N(pyridine) hydrogen bonding and these are connected into a double layer that stacks along thec-axis direction by C—H...π(pyridine) interactions.
2,4,6,8-Tetrakis(2-fluorophenyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one
Authors: Park Dong Ho , Ramkumar V. , Parthiban P.
Published: January 2013

The title compound, C31H24F4N2O, exists in a chair–boat conformation with an equatorial orientation of the 2-fluorophenyl groups on both sides of the secondary amino group of the chair form. The benzene rings in the `chair' part are inclined to each other at 19.4 (1)°, while the equivalent angle between the benzene rings in the `boat' part is 75.6 (1)°. One F atom was treated as disordered over two positions in a 0.838 (4):0.162 (4) ratio. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains along [001] and these chains are held togetherviaweak N—H...F and C—H...F interactions.
(1E,4E)-1,5-Bis[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]penta-1,4-dien-3-one
Authors: Park Dong Ho , Ramkumar V. , Parthiban P.
Published: January 2013

In the title compound, C19H12F6O, a monoketone derivative of curcumin, both double bonds have atransconformation. The molecule is mostly planar with all C and O atoms essentially coplanar, with the exception of one benzene ring, which is tilted by 17.18 (1)° with respect to the plane of the remainder of the molecule. The r.m.s. deviation from planarity of the coplanar section is 0.0097 Å. The crystal packing features weak C—H...O and C—H...F interactions.
Diethyl [(2-chloroanilino)(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]phosphonate
Authors: Suresh G. , Nandakumar A. , Sabari V. , Perumal P. T. , Aravindhan S.
Published: January 2013

In the title compound, C26H27ClN3O3P, the mean plane of the central pyrazole ring forms a dihedral angle of 71.37 (14)° with the chlorophenyl ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers withR22(10) ring motifs. The 3-phenyl ring is disordered with four C atoms occupying two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.748 (4):0.252 (4).
3,3′,5,5′-Tetra-tert-butyl-2′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
Authors: Jian Chunli , Zhang Jinjin , Wang Lei , Tang Ning , Wu Jincai
Published: January 2013

In the title molecule, C37H48O4S, the benzene rings in the biphenyl fragment are inclined to each other at 61.1 (1)°. The hydroxy group is involved in a weak intramolecular O—H...Osulfonatehydrogen bond. Onetert-butyl group is disodered over two orientations in a 0.682 (17):0.318 (17) ratio. In the crystal, weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into columns in direction [100].
3-[2-Cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-(4-methylsulfanylbenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
Authors: Suresh J. , Venkateshan M. , Ponnuchamy S. , Kumar R. Ranjith , Lakshman P. L. Nilantha
Published: January 2013

In the title compound, C22H18FNO3S2, the five-membered thiazolidine ring is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.003 Å) and forms dihedral angles of 70.2 (3), 73.16 (17) and 10.32 (14)° with the cyclopropane, fluorobenzene and methylthiobenzene rings, respectively. The sum of the bond angles around the thiazolidine ring N atom (359.6°) indicatessp2hybridization. The molecular structure features intramolecular C—H...S, C—H...F and C—H...O interactions. In the crystal, no significant intermolecular contacts were apparent.
Rebar corrosion in mortars with high limestone filler content
Authors: Batic O.R. , Sota J.D. , Fernández J.L. , Bellotti N. , Romagnoli R.
Published: January 2013

Purpose

This research aims to study the influence of limestone filler on rebar corrosion.

Design/methodology/approach

Mortar samples containing 35% calcareous filler and with a rebar inserted in the axis, were cast. Specimens were cured at the open air and during 28 days in lime water. After curing, they were submerged in two electrolytes (tap water and 3% NaCl) and corrosion parameters (corrosion potential and corrosion current) were monitored over time by d.c. techniques. Simultaneously, electrochemical noise measurements were carried out. After corrosion tests, rebars were pulled out by lateral compression, and their surface observed by scanning electron microscopy.

Findings

In general, carbonate additions impaired mortar protective properties, especially in the presence of chloride and changed the nature of the protective layer on rebars. The curing process did not introduce significant differences except for mortars with a high water cement ratio cured in lime water for which the beneficial effects of the simultaneous presence of carbonate and lime in the pore solution could be appreciated. The role of carbonate additions is to provide carbonate anions to passivate rebars. This passivation process caused corrosion rates not to be so high. Carbonate anions also deposited on oxide spots which were rendered passive but this process was not uniform. Certain areas on the rebar underwent intense carbonation while others showed increased corrosion rates.

Originality/value

There are not many corrosion studies about the influence of limestone filler on rebars corrosion. Particularly, this paper deals with mortars containing high percentages of carbonate additions. Results showed that the presence of this type of admixture changes the structure of the passive layer and, sometimes, may increase corrosion rates.
Managing your co‐creation mix: co‐creation ventures in distinctive contexts
Authors: Roser Thorsten , DeFillippi Robert , Samson Alain
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to co‐creation theory by integrating conceptual insights from the management and marketing literatures that are both concerned with co‐creation phenomena. It aims to develop a reference model for comparing how different organizations organize and manage their co‐creation ventures. It also aims to apply the authors' framework to four distinct cases that illustrate the differences in co‐creation practice within different co‐creation environments.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors compare four different companies based on case profiles. Each company is employing its own distinct approach to co‐creating. The authors employ a method mix including literature analysis, structured interviews, document and web site analysis, as well as participation.

Findings

The reference model offers a set of useful dimensions for case‐based inquiry. The case comparisons show how firms may decide to systematise and manage a mix of co‐creation activities within B2B versus B2C contexts, utilising either crowd‐sourced or non‐crowd‐sourced approaches. Further, the case comparisons suggest that there are less differences in B2B versus B2C co‐creation as compared with crowd‐sourced versus non‐crowd‐sourced approaches. Ultimately, implementation decisions in one dimension of co‐creation design (e.g. whom to involve in co‐creation) will affect other dimensions of implementation and governance (e.g. how much intimacy) and thus how co‐creation needs to be managed.

Originality/value

The paper presents case comparisons utilising B2B versus B2C, as well as crowd versus non‐crowd‐sourcing examples of co‐creation and an original decision support framework for assessing and comparing co‐creation choices.
Differentiating market offerings using complexity and co‐creation
Authors: Plötner Olaf , Lakotta Jan , Jacob Frank
Published: January 2013

Purpose

Customer decision‐making uncertainty (DMU) is a persistent phenomenon in business‐to‐business markets. However, there is substantial variation in the degree to which customers perceive DMU and how suppliers should react to it. The purpose of this paper is to explain variation in customer decision‐making uncertainty.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on existing industrial buying typologies, this paper proposes a new classification scheme to explain variance in customer decision‐making uncertainty. Market offering complexity and co‐creation are used as defining dimensions in the construction of four archetypal types of industrial market offerings.

Findings

The paper demonstrates on a theoretical level that customer decision‐making uncertainty is especially prevalent in complex offerings characterized by high degrees of co‐creation.

Practical implications

This typology helps to provide a more nuanced understanding of the effects of co‐creation on customer value. Firms should adapt their selling approaches to the degree of complexity and co‐creation that they offer their customers.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper rests in explaining customer decision‐making uncertainty in relation to complexity and co‐creation. Thus, it sheds light on the dark side of co‐creating market offerings.
Consumers' personal values and sales promotion preferences effect on behavioural intention and purchase satisfaction for consumer product
Authors: Teck Weng Jee , Cyril de Run Ernest
Published: January 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of Malaysian consumers' personal values and sales promotion preferences on their overall behavioural intention and purchase satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

– In total, 1,300 questionnaires were distributed and collected by hand through hired enumerators in 13 different states in Malaysia (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor and Terengganu). This research was carried out for four different type of consumer product (convenience, shopping, specialty/luxury and unsought product). Data were analysed using General Linear Model-Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and General Linear Model-Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to test for difference between independent and dependent variables.

Findings

– The findings suggest that sales promotion technique preferences will have an impact on consumers' behavioural intention and purchase satisfaction for all the product types studied. On the other hand, there is no significant impact in consumers' purchases satisfaction and behavioural intention by personal value for all the product type studied.

Practical implications

– The findings from this research have expanded current knowledge and academic studies done on similar areas of research where this research detail the association of personal value and sales promotion techniques preferences on consumers' purchase satisfaction (attitude) and behavioural intention (behaviour) for different types of consumer products. The research suggests to managers in Malaysia that it is crucial to understand the characteristics of their products when selecting appropriate strategies and sales promotion techniques for better market segmentation and targeting.

Originality/value

– This research is the first of its type where only a minimal number of studies have looked into these issues (personal values and sales promotion techniques preferences) from a business perspective.
Supervisor behaviours that facilitate training transfer
Authors: Lancaster Sue , Di Milia Lee , Cameron Roslyn
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the supervisor behaviours that employees found to be helpful and unhelpful in facilitating training transfer. The study aims to provide rich qualitative data from the employee's perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilises a cross‐sectional design. A case study and a qualitative interpretivist approach were used to interpret the employee's responses. In total 24 semi‐structured interviews were conducted and responses were analysed with the aid of NVivo.

Findings

The results suggested what supervisors did prior to, during and after course attendance was critical to training transfer. Supportive behaviours prior to the course included motivating, encouraging and setting expectations. Practical support provided during the course signalled the value that the supervisor placed on the course. Meetings held after the course provided the best opportunity to support transfer. Transfer was maximised when participants experienced a positive role model and when supervisors showed interest in their experience of the course, encouraged and sponsored new initiatives, and involved them in decision‐making. The main perceived hindrances to training transfer were culture, policies and a lack of encouragement.

Originality/value

This is a qualitative study in a field of inquiry dominated by quantitative approaches. The results highlight the employee's perspective concerning what they found to assist in training transfer. This methodology is rarely evidenced in the extant literature.
Let's get personal: making sustainability tangible to students
Authors: Savageau Ann E.
Published: January 2013

Purpose

Most students report giving little thought to their consumption and waste, and when confronted with issues of sustainability still find them either distant and impersonal or overwhelming. One area that has been relatively unexplored is the concept of a self‐audit and self‐reflection in the development of intrinsic motivation for living sustainably. The aim of this paper is to describe the results of a case study that addresses this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

As part of an integrated course, Introduction to Sustainable Design, undergraduate students participate in the creation and use of a personal Resource Consumption and Waste Audit that makes tangible their resource consumption and waste generation and that forms the basis for self‐reflection throughout the course. The instructions to the students for the three‐day audit are provided along with the results as self‐reported by the students.

Findings

Students generally express surprise and dismay at their levels of consumption and waste, and state that they are motivated to change behaviors. Many call the audit “life‐changing” and add that everyone should do a similar audit if our society is to become more sustainable.

Originality/value

The audit provides a novel, simple and cost‐effective way for students to assess their own resource consumption and waste generation, and it lays the groundwork for behavioral change based on self‐reflection around these issues. It has the additional advantages of requiring no special technology, being adaptable to different courses and majors, and providing a basis for development of quantitative and longitudinal studies.
Malaysian teacher trainees' practices on science and the relevance of science education for sustainability
Authors: Madhawa Nair Subadrah , Rashid Mohamed Abdul , Marimuthu Nagamah
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the practice of teacher trainees on science and the relevance of science education. The study focuses on teacher trainees' practice on science teaching and its relevance to understanding science education.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a survey method using questionnaires. The samples consist of 80 teacher trainees, majoring in Science Education, from a teachers training institute in Malaysia. The teacher trainees were asked to complete a set of questionnaires on the relevance of their content knowledge of science to Science Education, application of student's home culture in classroom science and in infusing moral education in classroom lessons. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistical and inferential statistical (independent samples t‐test).

Findings

The results showed that the female trainees' practice of science and the relevance of science education is significantly higher than that of their male counterparts. Besides that, the findings indicate that there is no significant difference between the male and female trainees on their practices of students' home culture applied in classroom science and applying moral education in teaching science. The findings also indicated there is a need to bring in students' home culture into the teaching and learning of science.

Practical implications

Findings of this paper suggest one approach that could be adopted to make science education more relevant to the students understanding is by incorporating teaching strategies that are designed to promote content learning through a cultural relevant curriculum. This will make schools a better place to inculcate environmental concerns for a sustainable future.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the need to educate trainee teachers (male and female) and bring them closer to gain cooperation and commitment to achieve sustainability. The paper also proposes the need to bring in students' home culture, priorities and concern into the teaching and learning of science.
Enablers and challenges of a sustainable housing industry in Malaysia
Authors: Zainul Abidin Nazirah , Yusof Nor'Aini , Othman Ayman A.E.
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the enablers of creating a viable environment for a sustainable housing industry and investigate the barriers limiting this progress.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review is carried out to explore the four‐angle enablers (technological, institutional, internal action and market influence) which are crucial to create an industry which is prone towards sustainable construction. Based on the interviews and surveys conducted on Malaysian developers, the findings point to various challenges for each enabler.

Findings

The paper highlighted that the government's lack of incentive programmes and the slow progress in revising related regulations are major hindrances for institutional enablers. For technological aspects, the problem lies in the cost of importing products because of the lack of locally‐produced green technology. The cost factor and lack of “urgency” are the core problems in encouraging internal action, while the low demand by the potential buyers affects market influence.

Originality/value

Actions towards transforming the conventional industry into a sustainable one require resolute actions and drive from various parties. This paper provides an insight into the key enablers for a sustainable housing industry and the current problems associated with each enabler. Although the research was carried out in Malaysia, the results may be applicable to other countries as well.
Can knowledge sharing mitigate the effect of construction project complexity?
Authors: Cooke Trevor
Published: January 2013

Purpose

In recent years the pace of technological innovation in construction operations has escalated with resulting intensification of the inputs necessary for contemporary multi‐disciplinary construction projects, and thereby has exacerbated their potential complexity. In its widest form the topic of complexity in construction continues to attract considerable research and re‐evaluation; however the resulting published work remains largely unapplied by construction professionals due to either to its intricacy or difficulty of application. This study concludes that recent advances in information management can facilitate data sharing and thereby resolve many of the early life and project production complexity issues. The aim of this paper is to suggest a new direction for research studies.

Design/methodology/approach

This desktop study uses a key word protocol to identify the relationship between published research papers both past and present to first determine the development of complexity research and then looks forward to an interaction between research and industry.

Findings

Questions if complexity in multi‐disciplinary projects may well be diminished by information modelling, this practical solution evolved in parallel with computer based design.

Originality/value

This descriptive study suggests a new direction for research studies.
Mechanisms of corporate governance going international
Authors: Yrjö Collin Sven‐Olof , Smith Elin , Umans Timurs , Broberg Pernilla , Tagesson Torbjörn
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how internationalisation of corporate governance mechanisms influences firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on the data collected from annual reports of the year 2004, from all 239 Swedish corporations listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange, on which a quantitative analysis was performed.

Findings

The findings suggest that internationalisation of corporate governance does not have a straightforward influence on firm performance, which can be due to: the fact that mechanisms with governance functions have several functions, of which governance is but one; and the fact that governance mechanisms cannot be analyzed in isolation, since they are included in a coherent corporate governance strategy.

Originality/value

The paper is the first to investigate the corporate governance mechanisms' internationalisation issue.
An evaluation of the effect of housing provision on re‐offending
Authors: Ellison Mark , Fox Chris , Gains Adrian , Pollock Gary
Published: January 2013

Purpose

Established in 2007, Vision Housing is a small London‐based specialist housing provider working primarily with ex‐offenders. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of Vision Housing's provision of housing and support on re‐offending rates.

Design/methodology/approach

The evaluation design compared expected re‐offending rates after one year calculated using offender group reconviction scale (OGRS3) with actual reoffending rates after one year based on data from the police national computer (PNC). “Re‐offending” was defined in line with the current Ministry of Justice definition based on “proven re‐offending”.

Findings

The predicted rate of proven re‐offending for 400 clients referred to Vision over 12 months was 40.7 per cent. Their actual proven re‐offending rate over 12 months was 37.0 per cent. This is 3.7 percentage points less than the predicted proven re‐offending rate, equivalent to a 9.1 per cent reduction in proven re‐offending. This result was statistically significant. Analysis also suggested that Vision Housing is more successful with women; offenders under the age of 35; offenders referred by the Prison and Probation Service; offenders with a higher predicted risk of proven re‐offending; and offenders who had committed more serious offences.

Research limitations/implications

The evaluation conducted to date does not include a comparison group and therefore has relatively low levels of internal validity.

Practical implications

The authors are not aware of any UK studies of the impact of housing on re‐offending that have successfully used a more methodologically robust evaluation design. Until such studies are carried out, the results of the current study should be of great interest to policy‐makers and those delivering rehabilitative services to ex‐offenders in partnership with third sector organisations.

Originality/value

This study has produced evidence of the impact of housing on recidivism and quantified that impact.
The politicisation, dynamics and violence during Zimbabwe's land reform programme
Authors: Mutanda Darlington
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The aim of the article is to elucidate the political factors which motivated Zimbabwe's land reform that was forcibly initiated by the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (ZANU PF) government in 2000.

Design/methodology/approach

The research makes use of primary and secondary sources. The government of Zimbabwe parliamentary debates highlight the grievances raised by the people over land redistribution as early as 1980. The newspapers, internet and published material provide evidence pointing out to the political nature of the land reform.

Findings

It is apparent that the ZANU PF government was reluctant to address the land question despite the fact that many rural people were crowded in the reserves. It was in 2000 that ZANU PF awakened to its waning popularity after the referendum defeat which coincided with the formation of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) in 1999. Land reform was used as a political weapon to thwart the MDC as evidenced by the brutal suppression of MDC activities countrywide.

Social implications

The research proves that the victimisation of MDC members in Zimbabwe has made opposition politics a disastrous game. Starting in 2000, ZANU PF embarked on a mission to thwart opposition activism and the effects were deeply felt. Paramilitary groups such as the Second Chimurenga war veterans, Border Gezi “youths” and ZANU PF supporters took the lead in torturing and killing real and alleged MDC supporters. The MDC retaliated but with very limited success.

Originality/value

The paper provides unique insights into the political motives which encouraged Zimbabwe's land reform programme. The implications for practice provided herein are useful for policy makers in the country.
An exploration of sibling violence predictors
Authors: Carvalho Relva Inês , Monteiro Fernandes Otília , Pinheiro Mota Catarina
Published: January 2013

Purpose

Sibling violence is generally considered to be the most prevalent form of family violence. This paper aims to examine the association between sibling violence and other forms of violence: parent‐to‐parent violence, parent‐to‐child violence and dating violence.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 590 Portuguese university students.

Findings

There was a strong positive association between sibling violence and other forms of family violence. Psychological and physical aggression is highly prevalent among siblings. Results also show that sibling violence is the most prevalent form of family violence. Regression models demonstrated that parent‐to‐child violence is a substantial predictor of sibling violence.

Originality/value

The results of this study point to the importance of studying the co‐occurrence of different forms of family violence.