bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of curing temperature and layering pattern on performance studies: a novel hybrid composite
Authors: Bennet Chellam , Rajini Nagarajan , Siva Irulappasamy , Winowlin Jappes Jebas Thangiah , Amico Sandro Campos
Published: September 2014

The effect of curing temperature and layering pattern on mechanical and free vibrational properties (natural frequency and damping) of Sansevieria cylindrica/coconut sheath fiber reinforced hybrid unsaturated polyester (USP) composites is discussed. The hybrid composites were compression molded using different layering sequences. Curing was carried out at different temperatures (30°C and 60°C). The results show that Sansevieria cylindrica/USP composites are stronger than the coconut sheath/USP composites. At higher curing temperatures, a significant improvement in strength was observed in all composites and layering pattern also played a vital role in enhancing composite strength, with coconut sheath/Sansevieria cylindrica/Sansevieria cylindrica stack yielding a higher strength compared to the other composites. In addition, curing temperature and layering pattern produced a similar effect on the vibrational characteristics of the composites.
Effiziente Parameterschätzung impedanzbasierter Sensoren durch lokale, lineare Transformation
Authors: Wendler Frank , Büschel Paul , Kanoun Olfa
Published: September 2014

In diesem Beitrag wird der Ansatz zur Auswertung von spektralen
Datensätzen durch eine lineare Transformation vorgestellt. Ziel dieser
Transformation ist die effiziente Bestimmung eines Eingangsparameters
des Sensors, um einen zuvor definierten Arbeitspunkt, unabhängig von
weiteren im Datensatz repräsentierten Eingangsparametern. Die
Ersparnis an Rechenzeit und Rechenleistung bei vergleichbaren
Ergebnissen – gegenüber der sonst üblichen nichtlinearen Regression
– ist besonders bei rechnenintensiven Modellen und leistungsschwacher
Hardware, wie beispielsweise in Embedded-Anwendungen, vorteilhaft. Die
Parametrierung der linearen Abbildung durch das Ausgangskennlinienfeld
selbst erlaubt die Berechnung der Eingangsparameter ohne explizite
Kenntnis der Modellgleichung. Alle Prozessschritte wie Datenauswahl,
Bestimmung der linearen Koeffizienten und Anwendung der Transformation
werden erläutert und an einem Beispiel für zwei Parameter
demonstriert. Die Ergebnisse der Parameterschätzungen werden
anschließend mit verwendeten Eingangsparametersätzen verglichen und
diskutiert.
Verbindung von Stereo-PIV und CFD zur Untersuchung
eines Durchmessersprunges in kleinem
Rohrdurchmesser
Authors: Eichler Thomas , Straka Martin , Fenske Helmut , Rose Jürgen , Lederer Thomas
Published: September 2014

Der Strömungszustand in einer geschlossenen Rohrleitung der
Dimension DN 15 wird nach einer Änderung des Rohrdurchmessers
(Sprung) anhand von Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry
(SPIV)-Messungen und Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
untersucht. Dabei werden deutliche Auswirkungen auf die Strömung
durch die Änderungen des Rohrdurchmessers nachgewiesen. Mittels
der hier gesammelten Erkenntnisse können in Folgeuntersuchungen
Messabweichungen realer Zähler bestimmt werden. SPIV eignet sich
als schnelles und präzises Messverfahren zur zeitlich und räumlich
hochaufgelösten Ermittlung von 3D-Geschwindigkeitsverteilungen in
Rohrleitungen. CFD bietet die Möglichkeit Strömungszustände
abweichend vom Messort zu analysieren.
Fluorine prefers hydrogen bonds over halogen bonds! Insights from crystal structures of some halofluorobenzenes
Authors: Dikundwar Amol G. , Sathishkumar Ranganathan , Guru Row Tayur N.
Published: September 2014

Crystal structures of a series of isomers of chlorofluorobenzene, bromofluorobenzene and iodofluorobenzene, all of which are liquids under ambient conditions, are determined by a technique of in situ cryocrystallography. These simple dihalo substituted benzenes provide clear insights into subtle interplay of packing interactions preferred by fluorine and heavier halogens for example, C–H···X hydrogen bonds vs. X···X halogen bonds (X=F, Cl, Br, I). The interaction patterns noted here are purely characteristic of halogens, having not been influenced by other stronger interactions. Variability of principal supramolecular synthons among the isomers highlights the importance of molecular shape and relative position of interacting atoms while preserving the basic intermolecular bonds. Mutually exclusive occurrence of homo (I···I) and hetero (I···F) halogen bonds in polymorphs of 4-iodofluorobenzene questions the robustness and reliability of these interactions.
Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Rheology of Oil Well Cement Slurries
Authors: Shahriar A. , Nehdi M. L.
Published: September 2014

This study explores the effects of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the rheological properties of oil well cement slurries. Four different mineral admixtures including metakaolin (MK), silica fume (SF), rice husk ash (RHA), and class F fly ash (FA) were used as partial replacement for API class G oil well cement. A new generation polycarboxylate-based high-range water reducing admixture was used to improve the fluidity of slurries. A series of flow tests was performed using an advanced shear-stress/shear strain controlled rheometer at three different temperatures, namely 23, 45, and 60°C. Rheological properties of cement slurries were calculated from the resulting flow curves using the Bingham plastic model and the Herschel–Bulkley’s model. Changes in shear stress–shear rate relationships, yield stress, plastic viscosity, and shear thinning/thickening behavior were found to be related to temperature and the type and dosage of supplementary cementitious material. Among the four different mineral admixtures tested, low calcium fly ash was found to achieve most suitable yield stress and plastic viscosity values.
Performance Criteria for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cements by X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis
Authors: Stutzman Paul , Heckert Alan
Published: September 2014

Bulk oxide determinations from two pairs of ASTM C150/C150M-12 portland cements are used to calculate precision and accuracy values for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) by both the fused glass bead and the pressed powder sample preparation methods. The first pair of cements are ordinary portland cement (OPC) with 45 participants, while the second pair contains ca. 3 % limestone, with 24 labs participating. Each lab provided results from six replicates analyzed in duplicate, covering fifteen analytes, CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, SO3, MgO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, P2O5, Mn2O3, SrO, ZnO, Cr2O3, and Cl, with the laboratories roughly split between the two different sample preparations. Chemical data using traditional chemical analyses (the Reference Methods per ASTM C150) from the Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory (CCRL) proficiency test program were included for comparison to the XRF results. Precision measures for within- and between-laboratory performance are presented as 1σ and 95 % limits (ASTM d2s). Accuracy criteria are based upon a two-sided 95 % prediction interval for the mean of two separate test results, defining the range of values one might expect for each analyte relative to a certified value of a reference material. Comparing to current C114 limits, based upon classical wet chemical analysis, within-lab precision for CaO is larger, wheras SiO2precision is similar to existing limits. Al2O3 and Fe2O3 precisions are substantially better, whereas for the remaining analytes, the precision is generally similar to ASTM C114 limits. A comparison of the ASTM accuracy criteria shows that CaO accuracy is poorer than the current limit, SO3 is larger, SiO2 and Na2O are similar, while the remaining accuracy limits for XRF are generally better than the ASTM C114 criteria. The powder method shows a positive relative bias for CaO for the cements containing less than 5 % limestone, suggesting a need for more limestone-containing reference materials for powder method calibration for these cements.
Effect of Formwork, Wall Thickness, and Addition of Fly Ash on Concrete Hydration
Authors: Gupta Rishi , Kuder Katie
Published: September 2014

The use of different forming materials, insulating materials, and stripping times can significantly affect the maturity and hence the strength gain of concrete within forming systems. This information can be vital in determining the stripping time of scaffolding and formwork. In this project, maturity and compression tests were performed on specimens (simulating scaled-down walls) formed using a polyvinyl chloride stay-in-place (SIP) forming system with and without insulation. The findings were then compared to data obtained from walls formed by wood formwork, which is the material typically used in the field. The various parameters studied in this project were wall thickness, type of forming material, insulation, and addition of fly ash. The results indicate that with an increase in wall thickness, the peak temperature and the temperature development index (TDI) increased proportionally. TDI is defined as the area under the temperature-versus-time curve measured from the dormant temperature to the peak temperature. The data show that the proposed TDI was a good indicator of the extent of the hydration reaction, and with further research the relationship between temperature development and strength gain of concrete could be clearly identified. Increases in the peak temperature and TDI were noted in wood forming systems relative to SIP systems and in insulated systems relative to un-insulated systems. The use of fly ash in concrete resulted in a lower temperature peak and TDI and a delay in reaching peak temperature. However, the use of concrete containing fly ash in insulated SIP systems led to a higher TDI than a conventional concrete mix formed in wood forms, indicating better concrete maturity at the same age.
Fracture Toughness Characterization of High-Pressure Pipe Girth Welds Using Single-Edge Notched Tension [SE(T)] Specimens
Authors: Lucon E. , Weeks T. S. , Gianetto J. A. , Tyson W. R. , Park D. Y.
Published: September 2014

The safety and reliability of large-diameter pipelines for the transport of fluid hydrocarbons is being improved by the development of high-strength steels, advanced weld technologies, and strain-based design (SBD) methodologies. In SBD, a limit is imposed on the applied strains rather than the applied stresses. For high-pressure pipelines, SBD requires an assured strength overmatch for the weld metal as compared to the base material, in order to avoid strain localization in the weldment during service. Achieving the required level of strength overmatch, as well as acceptable ductility and low-temperature fracture toughness, is a challenge as the pipe strength increases. Published studies show that low constraint geometries such as single-edge tension [SE(T)] or shallow-notched single-edge bend [SE(B)] specimens represent a better match to the constraint conditions of surface-breaking circumferential cracks in large-diameter pipelines during service (Shen, G., Bouchard, R., Gianetto, J. A., and Tyson, W. R., “Fracture Toughness Evaluation of High Strength Steel Pipe,” Proceedings of PVP2008, ASME Pressure Vessel and Piping Division Conference, Chicago, IL, July 27–31, ASME, New York, 2008). However, the SE(T) geometry is not included in any of the most widely used elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) test standards. A procedure has been developed for performing and analyzing SE(T) toughness tests using a single-specimen technique that includes formulas for calculating the J-integral and crack-tip opening displacement, as well as for estimating crack size using rotation-corrected elastic unloading compliance. Here, crack-resistance curves and critical toughness values obtained from shallow-crack SE(T) specimens (a0/W ≈ 0.25) are compared to shallow-crack (a0/W ≈ 0.25) SE(B) specimens. We believe that the SE(T) methodology is mature enough to be considered for inclusion in future revisions of EPFM standards such as ASTM E1820 and ISO 12135, although additional work is needed to establish validity limits for SE(T) specimens.
Fatigue Monitoring of Austenitic Steels with Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs)
Authors: Sorich Andreas , Smaga Marek , Eifler Dietmar
Published: September 2014

Early detection of fatigue processes in the cyclically loaded metastable austenitic steel AISI 347 was performed by electromagnetic acoustic transducer measurements in total strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue tests at ambient and elevated temperature. The changes in the physical data were interpreted via microstructural changes observed by scanning- and transmission-electron microscopy, as well as x-ray investigations. The application of physically based measurement data, e.g., time-of-flight from electromagnetically activated ultrasonic signals in austenitic fatigue specimens and total strain, enables measurements of a new hysteresis relationship. In analogy to the common stress–strain hysteresis, this hysteresis gives information about the actual state of fatigue and shows significant changes in shape before specimen failure.
Revised η-Factors andJ-CTOD Relationships for SE(B) Fracture Specimens Including 3D Effects and Implications for Fracture Toughness Measurements
Authors: de Souza Rodolfo F. , Ruggieri Claudio
Published: September 2014

This work provides revised η-factors derived from CMOD records and J-CTOD relationships applicable to estimate the J-integral and CTOD in SE(B) specimens with varying crack size and specimen configuration. Very detailed non-linear finite element analyses for plane-strain and 3D models provide the evolution of load with increased crack mouth opening displacement, which is required for the estimation procedure. The analysis matrix considers SE(B) specimens with W=2B and W=B configurations with and without side grooves covering a wide range of specimen thickness, including a precracked Charpy (PCVN) specimen. Overall, the present results provide validation of the J and CTOD evaluation procedure currently adopted by ASTM E1820-11, while at the same time giving improved estimation equations for J and CTOD incorporating 3D effects which enter directly into more accurate testing protocols for experimental measurements of fracture toughness values using 3P SE(B) specimens.
Fatigue Crack Growth from Compression Pre-Cracks
Authors: Borz Meghan J. , Chadwick Michael J. , Branin Andrew M. , Riddell William T.
Published: September 2014

The compression pre-crack method can be used to develop near-threshold fatigue crack growth rates much quicker than the ASTM standard load shed method. The compression pre-crack method is faster than the standard method and eliminates load history effects that are of concern when the standard method is used. However, crack growth developed using the compression pre-cracking approach is susceptible to different load history effects. A suite of tests using the compression pre-crack method that were performed on AISI 9310 steel are presented in this paper. An approach for identifying the critical crack growth increments required to develop valid data is presented, and the effects of three potential mechanisms are evaluated. For these tests, the residual stress field resulting from the initial compression field appears to be the more important effect on crack growth behavior. Crack growth increments measured from the notch tip that are 2.5 times larger than the size of the plastic zone resulting from the compression pre-cracking are required in order to develop valid data on the fatigue crack growth rate.
Environmentally Friendly Lubricant-Development Programs at USDA
Authors: Biresaw Girma
Published: September 2014

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) carries out a wide range of programs to help in the development and commercialization of biobased lubricants. Widespread use of bioproducts will have wide-ranging benefits to the environment, the rural economy, and the safety and well-being of the American people. The USDA’s programs can be broadly classified as technology and policy related. The technology-related programs are mainly focused on biobased product development in accordance with the demands of the lubricant market. The current lubricant market is about 10.6 × 109 gallons per year worldwide of which about 1 % is biobased. This brings a lot of market growth opportunities for biobased lubricants at the expense of petroleum-based lubricants. Because base oils account for nearly 80 % of the lubricant market, the USDA’s technology programs are mainly focused on developing robust biobased base oils that successfully compete against petroleum-based base oils. The policy aspect of the USDA’s program is intended to encourage and support biobased lubricant development efforts outside of the USDA. The USDA manages the BioPreferred program, which allows manufacturers to list their biobased products that meet the minimum biobased content, so they will be considered for purchase by Federal procurement officials. The program also awards the “USDA Certified Biobased Product” to qualified products. The policy aspect also includes the awarding of competitive grants to researchers and small businesses. The USDA is party to several cooperative research and development agreements (CRADAs) within the private sector. The CRADAs have allowed discoveries made in the lab to be further tested, developed, and to enter the market.
Evaluation of Different Readily Biodegradable Base Fluids in a Multi-Purpose Grease-Development Project
Authors: Bailey Matt , Kusak Brian , Almeter Mark , Smahol James
Published: September 2014

Readily biodegradable greases made from synthetic base oils have superior qualities to many biodegradable base fluids originating from natural sources. However, the pricing and sustainability of lubricants made from bio-based fluids make them an attractive option for applications that will not experience temperature extremes where many bio-based fluids do not perform well. This paper will compare the properties of biodegradable multi-purpose lithium complex greases made from non-renewable-based synthetic fluids with two greases made from renewable-based oils.
Giustizia Fascista
Authors: Maulsby Lucy M.
Published: September 2014

Designed by the architect most closely associated with fascism, Marcello Piacentini, the Palace of Justice was the largest building constructed in Milan in the interwar period. Piacentini intended that the building, with its extensive decorative program, would assert the state’s authority in Milan, the commercial and financial center of Italy and the birthplace of fascism, and serve as a permanent monument to the legal system that structured the fascist state. In Giustizia Fascista: The Representation of Fascist Justice in Marcello Piacentini’s Palace of Justice, Milan, 1932–1940, Lucy M. Maulsby examines the controversy surrounding the decorative program, which ultimately involved government officials at the highest levels, and argues that the building evinces a genuine uncertainty about how to translate fascist policy into a cultural program. The continued use of this building as the setting for the nation’s legal dramas raises questions about how and to what extent these symbols continue to embody the notion of justice in Italian society and culture today.
Memorialization on War-Broken Ground
Authors: Yilmaz Ahenk
Published: September 2014

Memorialization on War-Broken Ground: Gallipoli War Cemeteries and Memorials Designed by Sir John James Burnet focuses on the problems posed by the endeavor to memorialize the Gallipoli campaign of World War I and the memorials designed by the principal architect of the Imperial (now Commonwealth) War Graves Commission, Sir John James Burnet. The commission’s work in Gallipoli is different from the memorials on the western front not only because its location is on “enemy” land but also because Burnet’s modifications of the commission’s design principles were developed to represent a coherent imperial identity around the world. AhenkYılmaz analyzes these modifications and the motives behind them to demonstrate the process by which the landscape and the stories of the campaign shaped the techniques of commemoration on this war-broken ground.
Situating Chinese Architecture within “A Century of Progress”
Authors: Roskam Cole
Published: September 2014

Situating Chinese Architecture within “A Century of Progress”: The Chinese Pavilion, the Bendix Golden Temple, and the 1933 Chicago World’s Fair explores the overlooked role played by Chicago’s 1933 World’s Fair in China’s twentieth-century architectural development. The exposition initially represented a valuable opportunity for China’s recently established Guomindang administration to highlight its new political agenda via a national pavilion that would also symbolize the country’s search for a modern, uniquely Chinese architectural expression. Numerous financial and geopolitical obstacles would eventually prevent official Chinese participation, and two unofficial structures were completed instead on China’s behalf: a privately financed Chinese pavilion and a piece-by-piece reconstruction of an eighteenth-century Qing replica of a Tibetan Buddhist shrine, the Golden Temple, sponsored by the Chicago-based industrialist Vincent Bendix. Cole Roskam investigates the transnational forces that produced these buildings at the fair and argues that the event should be considered an important new point of inquiry in the study of Chinese modern architecture.
Responsive Eyes
Authors: Flaherty George F.
Published: September 2014

Responsive Eyes: Urban Logistics and Kinetic Environments for the 1968 Mexico City Olympics looks closely at a series of temporary designed environments created for the organizing committee of the 1968 Mexico City Olympics. Integrating architecture, visual communication, and mass media, the design team created kinetic environments, or spaces that estranged user-beholders’ visual and spatial perceptions, inviting immersion and interaction to produce a holistic image of a thoroughly modern, socially integrated Mexico at a time when this view of Mexico was not necessarily held by audiences at home or abroad. The team’s design choices demonstrated cosmopolitan awareness of global aesthetics and discursive currents, including optical and kinetic art as well as recent advances in scientific investigation that inspired new modes of urban vision and engagement, part of an international renewal of modernist techniques and aspirations. These environments also responded to more local concerns, including Mexico City’s ongoing capitalist urbanization and reticulation of the modernist architect’s professional and social purchase in Mexico in light of increasing globalization. By situating the Olympic environments within the larger context of exhibitions of kinetic art and art happenings from the period, George F. Flaherty highlights the possibilities and limits of transformation envisaged by Mexico 68’s kinetic environments, arguing that their design provides a window through which to assess Mexican architects’ claim to act as expert mediators between the city and state, architecture and art, and Mexico and the wider world.
Congruence between Poetry and Music in Schumann's Dichterliebe
Authors: Randel Don Michael
Published: September 2014

Poetry and music have in common various ways of structuring sound. In both, one can speak of rhythm, meter, loudness (e.g., accent), and pitch. Beyond sound in the narrow sense, one can also speak of syntax in that both language and Western tonal music create expectations that are satisfied or not in a variety of ways. These material aspects of poetry and music can be the basis for exploring how poetry and music fit together in vocal music in general and in individual works. The study of poetry in these terms came to prominence in the work of Roman Jakobson and others beginning in 1960 and has more recently been taken up by Marjorie Perloff and colleagues. The study of music with words has in general not considered the materiality that they share, especially not in the analysis of individual works. Writers on music have generally placed emphasis on expression of the semantic content of texts instead, privileging texts that can be read in relation to Romantic lyric theory. This has led to the search for word painting of one kind or another that has shaped the understanding of whole periods in the history of music and that is very much with us still, though this semantic domain cannot ultimately be separated from the material aspect of language.

This article analyzes Songs 1, 2, 4, and 6 of Schumann's Dichterliebe in terms of this materiality with a view to showing how closely congruent poetry and music can be in their own terms in individual works without dwelling first on what they might be thought to express. This is to speak not at first about meaning but rather about the means by which meaning is created. Analysis of this kind in no way precludes hermeneutics. It is but one starting point and one that bears directly on the act of listening and perhaps performance.
Britten the Anthologist
Authors: Salfen Kevin
Published: September 2014

Benjamin Britten was one of several twentieth-century British composers active before the Second World War who wrote “anthology cycles”—that is, cyclic vocal works on poetry anthologies of the composer's own making. This apparently British invention is deeply indebted to the widespread success of the anthology as a literary form in classrooms, homes, and marketplaces of Victorian and Edwardian England. Britten's early attraction to canonical anthologies such as Arthur Quiller-Couch's Oxford Book of English Verse (1900), for example, is representative of a cultural practice of reading. Britten and other British composers renewed their connection to that practice when they became anthologists for their musical works, identifying themselves as arbiters of poetic and musical taste.

Britten's anthology cycle Serenade for tenor, horn, and strings (1943) uses Quiller-Couch's Oxford Book for as many as four of its six texts, many of which share pastoral themes. And yet the composer's musical settings often seem to challenge a conventional reading of the chosen texts and the generic titles Britten assigned to each movement. By creating a canonical, pastoral anthology and then challenging it through music, Britten, who had just returned to England from the United States, invested Serenade with the potential to present the world of prewar England as embattled.
R-spondin1, WNT4, and the CTNNB1 signaling pathway: strict control over ovarian differentiation
Authors: Chassot Anne-Amandine , Gillot Isabelle , Chaboissier Marie-Christine
Published: September 2014

Sex differentiation is a unique developmental process. Starting from a bipotential gonad, it gives rise to the ovary and the testis, two highly specialized organs that differ morphologically and physiologically despite sharing common reproductive and endocrine functions. This highlights the specific plasticity of the gonadal precursors and the existence of complex antagonistic genetic regulation. Mammalian sex determination is controlled by paternal transmission of the Y-linked gene, sex-determining region Y (SRY). Using mouse models, it has been shown that the main role ofSryis to activate the expression of the transcription factorSox9; either one of these two genes is necessary and sufficient to allow testicular development through Sertoli cell differentiation. Thus, defects inSRY/Sryand/orSOX9/Sox9expression result in male-to-female sex reversal of XY individuals. Molecular mechanisms governing ovarian differentiation remained unknown for a long time, until the discovery of the roles of R-spondin1 (RSPO1) and WNT4. In XX individuals, activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway by the secreted proteins RSPO1 and WNT4 is required to allow granulosa cell differentiation and, in turn, ovarian differentiation. Thus, mutations inRSPO1result in female-to-male sex reversal of XX patients, and mouse models have allowed the identification of genetic cascades activated by RSPO1 and WNT4 to regulate ovarian development. In this review, we will discuss the respective roles of RSPO1, WNT4, and the β-catenin signaling pathway during ovarian differentiation in mice.
Regulation of miR-101/miR-199a-3p by the epithelial sodium channel during embryo implantation: involvement of CREB phosphorylation
Authors: Sun Xiao , Ruan Ye Chun , Guo Jinghui , Chen Hui , Tsang Lai Ling , Zhang Xiaohu , Jiang Xiaohua , Chan Hsiao Chang
Published: September 2014

In our previous study, we have demonstrated that the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) mediates the embryo-derived signals leading to the activation of CREB and upregulation of cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX2) required for embryo implantation. This study aims to investigate whether microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the ENaC-induced upregulation of COX2 during embryo implantation. The results show that the levels of miR-101 and miR-199a-3p, two COX2 targeting miRNAs, are reduced by ENaC activation, and increased by ENaC inhibition or knock-down of ENaC subunit (ENaCα) in human endometrial surface epithelial (HES) cells or in mouse uteri during implantation. Phosphorylation of CREB is induced by the activation of ENaC, and blocked by ENaC inhibition or knockdown in HES cells. Knockdown of ENaCα or CREB in HES cells or in mouse uterusin vivoresults in increases in miR-101 and miR-199a-3p, accompanied with decreases in COX2 protein levels and reduction in implantation rate. The downregulation of COX2 caused by knockdown of ENaC or CREB can be recovered by the inhibitors of miR-101 or miR-199a-3p in HES cells. These results reveal a novel molecular mechanism modulating COX2 expression during embryo implantation via ENaC-dependent CREB activation and COX2-targeting miRNAs.
Characterization of Novel Sorghum brown midrib Mutants from an EMS-Mutagenized Population
Authors: Sattler Scott E , Saballos Ana , Xin Zhanguo , Funnell-Harris Deanna L , Vermerris Wilfred , Pedersen Jeffrey F
Published: September 2014

Reducing lignin concentration in lignocellulosic biomass can increase forage digestibility for ruminant livestock and saccharification yields of biomass for bioenergy. In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and several other C4 grasses, brown midrib (bmr) mutants have been shown to reduce lignin concentration. Putative bmr mutants isolated from an EMS-mutagenized population were characterized and classified based on their leaf midrib phenotype and allelism tests with the previously described sorghum bmr mutants bmr2, bmr6, and bmr12. These tests resulted in the identification of additional alleles of bmr2, bmr6, and bmr12, and, in addition, six bmr mutants were identified that were not allelic to these previously described loci. Further allelism testing among these six bmr mutants showed that they represented four novel bmr loci. Based on this study, the number of bmr loci uncovered in sorghum has doubled. The impact of these lines on agronomic traits and lignocellulosic composition was assessed in a 2-yr field study. Overall, most of the identified bmr lines showed reduced lignin concentration of their biomass relative to wild-type (WT). Effects of the six new bmr mutants on enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic materials were determined, but the amount of glucose released from the stover was similar to WT in all cases. Like bmr2, bmr6, and bmr12, these mutants may affect monolignol biosynthesis and may be useful for bioenergy and forage improvement when stacked together or in combination with the three previously described bmr alleles.
Atomic Scale Imaging and Energy Loss Spectroscopy of Epitaxial Graphene
Authors: Nicotra Giuseppe , Ramasse Quentin M. , Scuderi Mario , Longo Paolo , Deretzis Ioannis , La Magna Antonino , Giannazzo Filippo , Spinella Corrado
Published: September 2014

Atomic-resolution structural and spectroscopic characterization techniques (scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy) are combined with nanoscale electrical measurements (conductive atomic force microscopy) to study at the atomic scale the properties of graphene grown epitaxially through the controlled graphitisation of Si-face and C-face hexagonal SiC(0001) substrates by high temperature annealing. A scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis, carried out at 60KeV of beam energy, below the knock-on threshold for carbon to ensure no damage is imparted to the film by the electron beam, demonstrates that the buffer layer present on the planar SiC(0001) Si-face delaminates from it on the (11-2n) facets of SiC surface steps, In addition, electron energy loss spectroscopy reveals that the delaminated layer has a similar electronic configuration to purely sp2-hybridized graphene. A thin amorphous film is found on the C-face, instead, which strongly suppresses epitaxy with the SiC substrate. Structurally, the amorphous area is inhomgeneous, as its Si-concentration gradually decreases while approaching the first graphene layer, which is purely sp2-hybridized. Based on these features, we discuss differences and similarities between the C-only buffer layer that forms on the Si-face of SiC with respect to the thicker C/Si amorphous film of the C-face.
Free vibration analysis of four parameter functionally graded plates accounting transverse shear mode
Authors: Taj M. N. A. Gulshan , Chakrabarti Anupam , Talha Mohammad
Published: September 2014

In the present investigation, free vibration analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) plate is performed incorporating higher order shear deformation theory in conjunction with C0 based finite element formulation. The cubic component of thickness term is incorporated in in-plane fields and constant variation of thickness is assumed for transverse component. The theory incorporates the realistic parabolic variation of transverse shear stresses thus eliminates the use of shear correction factor. Aluminium/Zirconia plate is considered for the analysis and the effective properties are assumed to have smooth and gradual variation in the thickness direction and remain constant in in-plane direction. The spatial variation of properties pertaining to homogeneous and FGM plate is estimated by means of power law, which is described by the four parameters. With respect to dynamic analysis, it is vital for an analyst to know whether the top of the plate is ceramic or metal rich, and inversely bottom of the plate is ceramic or metal rich. This phenomenon can be described by choosing the appropriate values of the parameters appears in the power law. In the study, prominence has been given to study the influence of power law parameters on frequency response of FGM plates so as to accomplish different combination of FGM profiles. Thin and moderately thick FGM plates are analyzed to generate the frequency values of the FGM plate. The imperative conclusions presented regarding the choice of parameter in the power law could be useful for designer to arrive for particular material profile of FGM plate.
A direct evidence of fatigue damage growth inside silicon MEMS structures obtained with EBIC technique
Authors: Huy Vu Le , Kamiya Shoji
Published: September 2014

Electron beam induced current (EBIC) is a semiconductor analysis technique performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). It is able to sense defects beneath the surface even invisible by SEM. This paper presents the results of a trial to observe the defect growth inside silicon MEMS structures under fatigue loading by applying EBIC technique. The tests were performed on two specimens fabricated from an n-type single crystal silicon wafer. While the test region of the specimens was repeatedly subjected to compressive stress, EBIC images were obtained to visualize damage evolution which presented by the growth of the dark region on EBIC images. It was proved that the damage is not due to the growth of oxidation layer on the surface of the specimens but due to the growth of intrinsic defects of silicon crystal. The results would be evidences to elucidate that the fatigue damages grow inside silicon MEMS structures but not in oxidation layer.
Dynamic stability analysis of laminated composite plates with piezoelectric layers
Authors: Chung Nguyen Thai , Luong Hoang Xuan , Xuan Nguyen Thi Thanh
Published: September 2014

Research on the stability to determine the critical value of structures is a complex issue but of real significance. Piezoelectric composite plate is one of the structures which have the ability to control the mechanical behaviors under loads. One of the prominent capabilities of this structure is the ability to control its vibration and stability. Using the finite element method (FEM) and construction calculation program in Matlab, the authors analyzed the elastic stability of piezoelectric composite plates under dynamic in-plane loads, taking into account damping properties of the structure. Critical loads and other factors affecting the stability of the plate are investigated.
A coupling successive approximation method for solving Duffing equation and its application
Authors: Bich Dao Huy , Bich Nguyen Dang
Published: September 2014

The paper proposes an algorithm to solve a general Duffing equation, in which a process of transforming the initial equation to a resulting equation is proposed, and then the coupling successive approximation method is applied to solve the resulting equation. By using this algorithm a special physical factor and complex-valued solutions to the general Duffing equation are revealed. The proposed algorithm does not use any assumption of small parameters in the equation solving. The coupling successive procedure provides an analytic approximated solution in both real-valued or complex-valued solution. The procedure also reveals a formula to evaluate the vibration frequency, \(\varphi\), of the non-linear equation. Since the first approximation solution is in a closed-form, the chaos index of the general Duffing equation and the chaotic characteristics of solutions can be predicted. Some examples are used to illustrate the proposed method. In the case of chaotic solution, the Pointcaré conjecture is used for solution verification.
Lucy Bregman, The Ecology of Spirituality: Meanings, Virtues, and Practices in a Post-Religious Age
Authors: Myers Jacob D.
Published: September 2014

N/A
Elizabeth Drescher and Keith Anderson, Click 2 Save: The Digital Ministry Bible
Authors: Wiseman Karyn L.
Published: September 2014

N/A
Meredith Gould, The Social Media Gospel: Sharing the Good News in New Ways
Authors: Kim Nam Joong
Published: September 2014

N/A
Jennifer R. Ayres, Good Food: Grounded Practical Theology
Authors: Liu Gerald C.
Published: September 2014

N/A
J. Dwayne Howell, ed., Preaching and the Personal
Authors: Bland Dave
Published: September 2014

N/A
Daniel Overdorf, One Year to Better Preaching: 52 Exercises to Hone Your Skills
Authors: Bland Dave
Published: September 2014

N/A
Timothy H. Sherwood, The Rhetorical Leadership of Fulton J. Sheen, Norman Vincent Peale, and Billy Graham in the Age of Extremes
Authors: DeBona Guerric
Published: September 2014

N/A
James Henry Harris, No Longer Bound: A Theology of Reading and Preaching
Authors: Steele Amy E.
Published: September 2014

N/A
Paul E. Hoffman, Faith Shaping Ministry
Authors: Elkins Heather Murray
Published: September 2014

N/A
Leonard Sweet, Giving Blood: A Fresh Paradigm for Preaching
Authors: Bates J. Barrington
Published: September 2014

N/A
[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]
Authors: Freitas Ana Vasconcellos
Published: September 2014

Em 1938 foi criada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro a instituição de caridade católica Apoio Fraternal, com a missão de amparar exclusivamente pessoas que tinham perdido fortuna e posição social a ponto de necessitarem da ajuda alheia. Tal amparo de caráter absolutamente sigiloso previa um complexo auxílio material e religioso. Este artigo pretende abordar a existência de uma pobreza envergonhada e suas especificidades com a finalidade de exemplificar as tensões e conflitos que envolvem o pertencimento a um grupo social. As fontes analisadas encontram-se no acervo da instituição, ainda em funcionamento nos dias de hoje.
[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]
Authors: Sanglard Gisele , Ferreira Luiz Otávio
Published: September 2014

A relação entre filantropia, assistência e pobreza no Brasil ganhou evidência com a emergência da questão social. Este é o objeto deste artigo, que será analisado a partir das ações do médico Fernandes Figueira na direção da Policlínica das Crianças da Misericórdia carioca (1909-1924). Ao definir como objeto de sua atenção a mulher trabalhadora e seus filhos, Fernandes Figueira delimitou o espaço de ação pública e privada. A nosso ver, ter dirigido essa instituição foi fundamental para ele, uma vez que ela se tornou seu laboratório privilegiado de observação para as políticas públicas que iria implementar na década de 1920.
Confined concrete with variable crack angle – part I: analytical model
Authors: Kim Yoo Jae , You Byung Hee , Sriraman Vedaraman , Kotwal Ashley
Published: September 2014

Part I of this paper presents experimental results for confined concrete in the form of stress–strain relationships. It seeks to determine the behaviour of confined concrete incorporating variable crack angle and void strain to verify the model. Part II presents the investigation of shear transfer across a definite plane which must be considered in the formation of the crack opening path. This paper develops a constitutive model for confined concrete with variable crack angle that is able to show improved correlation with the experimental data. In the case of fibre confined concrete, comparisons of experimental results of specimens with two different concrete strengths are made to determine the effects of selected variables including fibre volume fraction. While existing material models do not adequately represent the behaviour of concrete air voids confined by composite wraps, a new material model is proposed here, which attempts to overcome the shortcomings in the existing material models. An existing stress–strain model for confined concrete was modified to incorporate a variable angle of internal slope, where the angle minimises the normal stress on the slip surface. An additional modification was the introduction of strains due to collapse of internal voids.
Walking and cycling as an urban transport option in Singapore
Authors: Koh P. P. , Wong Y. D.
Published: September 2014

Singapore, facing a land scarcity issue, has been continuously looking for sustainable urban transport solutions to facilitate effective movement within the island nation. With the recent population projection of 6·9 million and the unprecedented national age shift (towards ageing) by 2030, investing more on non-motorised transport (NMT), namely walking and cycling, may be a workable solution. The first part of the paper focuses on assessing the first/last mile trips connecting to rail transit stations and evaluating NMT as a viable solution in the Singapore context. Engineering and behavioural studies aimed at providing adequate NMT infrastructure to the increasing demand of users are discussed next. Safety, accessibility and capacity of the NMT network are assessed by the use of the safety and accessibility index. Current key research findings (such as pedestrian shed, NMT push and pull factors and route choice models) are showcased.
Car-free concept in Changzhou high-speed rail station area development
Authors: Zhu Longbin , Jiang Xiaoyu , Kawasaki Haruo
Published: September 2014

Rapid urban development and increased car ownership and use in China bring many social and environmental problems. Many Chinese cities are promoting numerous large-scale transport infrastructures and development projects. How to shift the car-oriented development paradigm in the planning and construction of these projects is a challenge for planners and engineers. In the planning of the new town of Changzhou high-speed rail station, the car-free development concept was introduced to create a pedestrian-friendly urban space with easy transportation accessibility, safety and vitality. The planning team studied the car-free development concept and practices, and proposed an adaptive integrated solution for the HSR station project. It consists of four components: mixed-use development, maximum accessibility by public transportation, seamless transport transfer and continuous pedestrian network, which were integrated in the urban design by interfacing with land use, landscape and architecture. The result of the urban design is acknowledged and used as a guiding and control instrument by the city planning bureau for planning and management, serving as a basis for the regulatory planning and further spatial design.
Naturalization of central European plants in North America: species traits, habitats, propagule pressure, residence time
Authors: Pyšek Petr , Manceur Ameur M. , Alba Christina , McGregor Kirsty F. , Pergl Jan , Štajerová Kateřina , Chytrý Milan , Danihelka Jiří , Kartesz John , Klimešová Jitka , Lučanová Magdalena , Moravcová Lenka , Nishino Misako , Sádlo Jiří , Suda Jan , Tichý Lubomír , Kühn Ingolf
Published: September 2014

The factors that promote invasive behavior in introduced plant species occur across many scales of biological and ecological organization. Factors that act at relatively small scales, for example, the evolution of biological traits associated with invasiveness, scale up to shape species distributions among different climates and habitats, as well as other characteristics linked to invasion, such as attractiveness for cultivation (and by extension propagule pressure). To identify drivers of invasion it is therefore necessary to disentangle the contribution of multiple factors that are interdependent. To this end, we formulated a conceptual model describing the process of invasion of central European species into North America based on a sequence of “drivers.” We then used confirmatory path analysis to test whether the conceptual model is supported by a statistical model inferred from a comprehensive database containing 466 species. The path analysis revealed that naturalization of central European plants in North America, in terms of the number of North American regions invaded, most strongly depends on residence time in the invaded range and the number of habitats occupied by species in their native range. In addition to the confirmatory path analysis, we identified the effects of various biological traits on several important drivers of the conceptualized invasion process. The data supported a model that included indirect effects of biological traits on invasion via their effect on the number of native range habitats occupied and cultivation in the native range. For example, persistent seed banks and longer flowering periods are positively correlated with number of native habitats, while a stress‐tolerant life strategy is negatively correlated with native range cultivation. However, the importance of the biological traits is nearly an order of magnitude less than that of the larger scale drivers and highly dependent on the invasion stage (traits were associated only with native range drivers). This suggests that future research should explicitly link biological traits to the different stages of invasion, and that a failure to consider residence time or characteristics of the native range may seriously overestimate the role of biological traits, which, in turn, may result in spurious predictions of plant invasiveness.