bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Criminal business model and the governance of seized and confiscated businesses
Authors: Faldetta Guglielmo , Provenzano Carmelo
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze what happens to a business model when the governance of the focal organization changes, particularly when it has to re-shape its transactional network.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews literature on governance structure of criminal organizations and uses two case studies to show two different approaches in re-shaping the business transactional network after the seizure from Mafia organization.

Findings

The paper finds three different approaches about governance structure in criminal organizations and describes what happens to a business model when the governance of the focal organization changes as is the case of the seizure and confiscation of Mafia businesses. The paper shows that when a judicial administrator is able to effectively build a new transactional network, the business he manages can survive and can also give good performance.

Research limitations/implications

The paper provides two business cases, but this is not enough to give empirical evidence; this could be provided through other case studies or through quantitative methods using surveys or data provided by the Italian courts.

Practical implications

The paper has some potential managerial implications, in particular for the judicial administrator. He should encourage the construction of a new transactional network, first analyzing the existing network, going deeply into the content and the motivators of the relationships with the stakeholders, and deciding if such relationships can be re-formulated or must be left.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper is that it analyzes criminal organizations using well-known approaches, applying them to the case of seized and confiscated business.
Hyperthermia, Thermal Injuries, and Death from a Forced Convection Heat Source: A Case Report and Experimental Model
Authors: Fisher‐Hubbard Amanda O. , Sung LokMan , Hubbard Sean A. , Hlavaty Leigh
Published: December 2016

Heat‐related deaths of children are most often encountered in the context of enclosed vehicles in summer months. Deviating from this, a 16‐month‐old boy was found unresponsive in a stroller that was placed adjacent to a space heater during mid‐winter. The cause of death was hyperthermia and thermal injuries. Manner of death determination was difficult due to alleged surrounding circumstances. To understand the time‐course of this child's injuries, a child death scene investigation was performed; the stroller and space heater were recovered. In a re‐enactment of the events, a slaughtered pig approximating the child's size was warmed using a water bath and placed in the stroller beside the space heater. Cutaneous temperature measurements showed rapid initial temperature rise with subsequent steady increases. Tanning of the skin was seen on periodic direct observations. Internal temperature monitoring illustrated steady increases. This experiment was essential in classifying the manner of death as homicide.
Self‐Identified Vampirism and Risk for False Positives: A Case Example of Team Homicide and Implications for Forensic Behavioral Science
Authors: Williams DJ
Published: December 2016

Historically, reported cases of self‐identified vampirism typically have been associated with psychopathology and sometimes a propensity for violence. However, scholars recently have noted a wide range of diverse practices and meanings that all fall under the general description of self‐identified vampirism. This brief report focuses on a homicide case (male and female partnered offenders), wherein a single victim was murdered and dismembered. Due to specific case evidence, there was controversy regarding whether or not the homicide was motivated by ritualistic self‐identified vampirism. Court documents were reviewed and assessed, and findings suggest that the evidence used to support assertions that homicidal motivations occurred due to ritualistic vampirism was misinterpreted due to the omission of a growing multidisciplinary literature on self‐identified vampirism. It is important for forensic experts to be aware of emerging research on alternative identities, including vampirism, that challenge traditional theories and assumptions.
Are local market relationships undermining organic fruit and vegetable certification? A bivariate probit analysis
Authors: Torres Ariana P. , Marshall Maria I. , Alexander Corinne E. , Delgado Michael S.
Published: December 2016

This article investigates how an organic fruit and vegetable farmer's choice to use direct‐to‐consumer market channels impacts his/her decision to be certified organic. First, we model the decision to be certified organic as a conditionally independent decision from the farmer's chosen market channels. Second, we estimate the probability of certifying organic as an endogenously determined marketing decision to the choice of market channels, and use a bivariate probit specification to model this decision. Empirical evidence indicates that the decision to certify is endogenous to the chosen market channels. We show that farmers selling direct to consumers are less likely to certify organic.
Extended spectrum cephalosporin resistance among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in West Norway during 2006–2013; a prospective surveillance study
Authors: Mylvaganam Haima , Kolstad Helge , Breistein Rebecca Irene , Lind Grete , Skutlaberg Dag Harald
Published: December 2016

Routine surveillance of resistance to broad‐spectrum cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae and phenotypic identification of underlying mechanisms using a simple strategy was commenced in 2006 at our laboratory, serving West Norway. This report focuses on the results until 2013. The classical plasmid‐mediated extended spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBLA) among clinically relevant Escherichia coli isolates showed an increase from 0.6% to 4.3% during the surveillance period, while prevalence for other mechanisms remained stable, below 0.7%. ESBLA in Klebsiella pneumoniae had similar prevalence in 2006 (0.6%) and 2013 (4.4%), but in between it peaked to 3.9% in 2008 and to 9.3% in 2011. Within the other species, the numbers of clinically relevant isolates and isolates‐producing ESBLA were much lower. An increasing resistance due to hyperproduction of AmpC enzymes was seen in Enterobacter and Citrobacter, with prevalence increasing from 18% and 12.2% in 2006 to 27.5% and 26.1% in 2013, respectively. Hyperproduction of KOXY enzyme in Klebsiella oxytoca remained below 9.5% and did not show an increasing trend. The overall increase in the proportions of isolates‐producing ESBLA in E. coli/K. pneumoniae and hyperproduction of AmpC in Enterobacter/Citrobacter necessitates measures to hinder the spread of resistant bacteria and vigilant antibiotic stewardship.
Statins and mortality: the untold story
Authors: Kostapanos Michael S. , Elisaf Moses S.
Published: December 2016

Statins are first‐line evidence‐based drugs for the management of dyslipidaemias and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. However, statin clinical trials have shown marginally significant benefits on mortality, especially in the primary prevention setting. A major limitation of those trials is their relatively short follow‐up. A reduced number of fatal events within a 5‐year follow‐up make mortality benefits unlikely to arise. This is particularly relevant for the primary prevention trials, where the risk of cardiovascular death is low. The short follow‐up is a limitation for safety assessments too. However, extended major statin trials failed to detect any major safety concerns. Safety and efficacy assessments are even more complicated considering the differences of cardiovascular risk status in primary prevention individuals, and also given some potential ethnic and inter‐individual genetic variations in response to statin treatment. Considerable evidence suggests a favourable risk–benefit balance for statin treatment. It can be assumed that statins reduce mortality in the long term by preventing cardiovascular events with complications that reduce lifespan. Unfortunately, this hypothesis cannot be proven as there is no current ethical basis on designing long‐term placebo‐controlled statin trials. Nevertheless, by effectively reducing disabilities related to cardiovascular events, statins have major benefits for public health. Therefore, clinicians should not withhold statin treatment awaiting proof of mortality benefits, as this may remain an ‘untold story’.
Can the Arts Get Under the Skin? Arts and Cortisol for Economically Disadvantaged Children
Authors: Brown Eleanor D. , Garnett Mallory L. , Anderson Kate E. , Laurenceau Jean‐Philippe
Published: December 2016

This within‐subjects experimental study investigated the influence of the arts on cortisol for economically disadvantaged children. Participants were 310 children, ages 3–5 years, who attended a Head Start preschool and were randomly assigned to participate in different schedules of arts and homeroom classes on different days of the week. Cortisol was sampled at morning baseline and after arts and homeroom classes on two different days at start, middle, and end of the year. For music, dance, and visual arts, grouped and separately, results of piecewise hierarchical linear modeling with time‐varying predictors suggested cortisol was lower after an arts versus homeroom class at middle and end of the year but not start of the year. Implications concern the impact of arts on cortisol for children facing poverty risks.
Early Math Trajectories: Low‐Income Children's Mathematics Knowledge From Ages 4 to 11
Authors: Rittle‐Johnson Bethany , Fyfe Emily R. , Hofer Kerry G. , Farran Dale C.
Published: December 2016

Early mathematics knowledge is a strong predictor of later academic achievement, but children from low‐income families enter school with weak mathematics knowledge. An early math trajectories model is proposed and evaluated within a longitudinal study of 517 low‐income American children from ages 4 to 11. This model includes a broad range of math topics, as well as potential pathways from preschool to middle grades mathematics achievement. In preschool, nonsymbolic quantity, counting, and patterning knowledge predicted fifth‐grade mathematics achievement. By the end of first grade, symbolic mapping, calculation, and patterning knowledge were the important predictors. Furthermore, the first‐grade predictors mediated the relation between preschool math knowledge and fifth‐grade mathematics achievement. Findings support the early math trajectories model among low‐income children.
Association between the prevalence of dental caries in children and factors related to their mothers
Authors: Shin B‐M , Park D‐Y
Published: December 2016

Objectives

We assessed the association between the socio‐economic, behavioural, psychological and oral health status factors of Korean mothers with the status of dental caries in their children using nationwide representative data from the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Methods

Children were categorized into child (CG, 6–11 years) and adolescent (AG, 12–18 years) groups. Responses from both the child and his/her mother were included in the analysis. The data for mother–child pairs were analysed using the chi‐square test and multiple logistic regression of complex samples along with other covariates, including frequency of daily tooth brushing, tooth brushing before going to bed, regular dental check‐up and unmet dental care needs.

Results

The prevalence of dental caries in the CG was 2.4 times higher in children with mothers having ≥1 permanent tooth caries than in those with mothers having no caries (P < 0.001). In the AG, the risk of permanent tooth caries was higher in children with mothers who received less education and experienced stress (P < 0.05), and the risk was also higher (2.4 times) in children with mothers with ≥1 active permanent tooth caries than in those whose mothers did not have caries (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The mothers’ oral health status was significantly associated with the existence of dental caries in their children, even after adjusting for child‐related variables. Strategies for promoting oral health in children and adolescents by including individual and family factors based on the sociocultural background of the country will be necessary.
The effects of teacher directed writing instruction combined with SOLO Literacy Suite
Authors: Park Y. , Ambrose G. , Coleman M.B. , Moore T.C.
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an intervention in which teacher‐led instruction was combined with computerized writing software to improve paragraph writing for three middle school students with intellectual disability. A multiple probe across participants design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. During each 30 to 45‐min intervention session, the teacher provided instruction using a graphic organizer to remind students about grammar rules and proper paragraph structure. Then participants wrote paragraphs using three of the four software components of SOLO Literacy Suite (Write:OutLoud, Co:Writer and Draft:Builder). Data indicated that the intervention was effective in improving writing quality (topic adherence and mechanics measured on a rubric), percentage of words spelled correctly and percentage of correct word sequences for all participants. Implications for educators and future research are discussed.

Lay Description

What is already known about this topic:

Writing is a vital skill that must be present in order for secondary students to excel in all academic areas.

Students with intellectual disabilities (ID) in secondary school experience difficulty with written expression.

Limited explicit teaching of writing skills for students with disabilities results in schoolaged students continuing to struggle with written expression.

What this paper adds:

Writing technology, when paired with teacher-directed writing instruction, can be one solution for improving the writing of students with SD.

The explicit teaching of writing skills, including mechanics and organizational structure, can contribute to the writing success of students with disabilities.

Students with ID would better respond to technology‐based writing instruction when it is delivered along with well-planned teacher‐led instruction.

Implications for practice and/or policy:

The features of the writing software should fit the needs of students with disabilities in order for future writing interventions to be more effective.

Changes that could be made to the software to meet the needs of students with disabilities include the following: the speed with which the text is read aloud, the voice of the text to speech feature, and the overall amount of time that participants have to develop a written product.
Objective snoring time and carotid intima‐media thickness in non‐apneic female snorers
Authors: Kim Jinyoung , Pack Allan I. , Riegel Barbara J. , Chirinos Julio A. , Hanlon Alexandra , Lee Seung Ku , Shin Chol
Published: December 2016

Controversy persists about whether snoring can affect atherosclerotic changes in adjacent vessels, independently of obstructive sleep apnea and other cardiovascular risk factors. This study examined the independent association between snoring and carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT) in non‐apneic snorers and non‐snorers. We studied 180 non‐apneic snorers and non‐snorers participating in a full‐night home‐based sleep study. Snoring sound was measured objectively by a microphone. Based on snoring time across the night, participants were classified as non‐snorers (snoring time: 0%), mild snorers (1–25%) and moderate to heavy snorers (≥25%). We measured IMT on both common carotid arteries. The three groups were matched by age, body mass index, cholesterol, blood pressure and glucose levels, using weights from generalized boosted‐propensity score models. Mean carotid IMT increased with increased snoring time across the night in women: non‐snorers (0.707 mm), mild (0.718 mm) and moderate to heavy snorers (0.774 mm), but not in men. Snoring during at least one‐fourth of a night's sleep is associated independently with subclinical changes in carotid IMT in women only.
Maternal Incarceration and Children's Education and Labor Market Outcomes
Authors: Brown Christian
Published: December 2016

I estimate the effect of maternal incarceration on education and labor market outcomes. I link mother–child panels and estimate maternal fixed effects to control for unobservable household heterogeneity. Maternal incarceration from birth to age 10 is associated with increased grade retention and dropout rates. Conditional on completing high school, incarceration from 15 to 17 is associated with decreased college attendance. Maternal incarceration does not appear to have a further effect on employment, but some wage penalties are apparent. Propensity score analysis suggests that controlling for unobservable household characteristics is vital when examining the link between incarceration and labor outcomes.
Thisnesses, Propositions, and Truth
Authors: Ingram David
Published: December 2016

Presentists, who believe that only present objects exist, should accept a thisness ontology, since it can do considerable work in defence of presentism. In this article, I propose a version of presentism that involves thisnesses of past and present entities and I argue that this view solves important problems facing standard versions of presentism.
Depicting Depictions
Authors: Jagnow René
Published: December 2016

How is it possible for a picture to depict a picture? Proponents of perceptual theories of depiction, who argue that the content of a picture is determined, in part, by the visual state it elicits in suitable viewers, that is, by a state of seeing‐in, have given a plausible answer to this question. They say that a picture depicts a picture, in part, because, under appropriate conditions of observation, a suitable viewer will be able to see a picture in the picture. In this article, I first argue that this answer is in conflict with the way in which some of the most influential perceptual theories of depiction – Robert Hopkins's version of the experienced resemblance theory and Dominic Lopes's version of the recognition theory – construe seeing‐in. I then formulate a version of the recognition theory that avoids this conflict and show how it can explain the depiction of pictures.
Living in Limbo: Latinas' Assessment of Lower Rio Grande Valley Colonias Communities
Authors: Hilfinger Messias DeAnne K. , Sharpe Patricia A. , del Castillo‐González Lourdes , Treviño Laura , Parra‐Medina Deborah
Published: December 2016

Community asset mapping (CAM) is the collective process of identifying local assets and strategizing processes to address public health issues and concerns and improve quality of life. Prior to implementing a community‐based physical activity intervention with Latinas in the Texas Lower Rio Grande Valley, promotoras [community health workers] conducted 16 interactive sessions in 8 colonias. The analysis of the transcribed CAM recordings and on‐site observational data resulted in the construction of Living in Limbo as the thematic representation of these Latinas' social isolation and marginalization associated with pervasive poverty, undocumented immigration status or lack of citizenship, their fears emanating from threats to physical and emotional safety, and the barriers created by lack of availability and access to resources.
Meningococcal Vaccination in Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Blackwell Christopher W.
Published: December 2016

Recent outbreaks of meningitis in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Los Angeles, Chicago, New York City, and other locations across the United States have heightened public health concerns regarding the increasing incidence of meningococcal infections in this vulnerable population. MSM have unique risk factors that result in greater threat from certain infectious diseases, including meningococcal infection. Men who have sex with men who are infected with HIV are at even higher risk. This article explores the increased risks among MSM in contracting and communicating meningococcal infection, use of vaccination as primary prevention, and outreach strategies that may help address this issue and lessen the disease burden associated with meningococcal infection in these sexual minorities.
Negative Affectivity, Political Contention, and Turnout: A Genopolitics Field Experiment
Authors: Settle Jaime E. , Dawes Christopher T. , Loewen Peter John , Panagopoulos Costas
Published: December 2016

Recent genopolitics and political psychology research suggests individuals' biological differences influence political participation. The interaction between individual differences and environments has received less attention, not least because of the confound of self‐selection into environments. To test the interaction between innate predispositions and an exogenous environmental influence, we conducted a field experiment during the 2010 California midterm elections. We randomly assigned subjects to receive a postcard mobilization treatment designed to induce an emotional response to the degree of political contention in the election. We tested the possibility that subjects who are genetically predisposed toward negative affectivity will be less likely to vote after treatment exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first field experiment in political science to measure genetic moderation of a treatment, and it suggests experimental approaches can benefit from the inclusion of genetically and other biologically informative covariates.
Living in Violent Neighbourhoods is Associated with Gestational Weight Gain Outside the Recommended Range
Authors: Galin Jessica , Abrams Barbara , Leonard Stephanie A. , Matthay Ellicott C. , Goin Dana E. , Ahern Jennifer
Published: December 2016

Background

During pregnancy, most women do not meet gestational weight gain (GWG) guidelines, potentially resulting in adverse maternal and infant health consequences. Social environment determinants of GWG have been identified, but evidence on the relationship between neighbourhood violence and GWG is scant. Our study aims to examine the relationship between neighbourhood violence and GWG outside the recommended range.

Methods

We used statewide vital statistics and health care utilization data from California for 2006–12 (n = 2 364 793) to examine the relationship of neighbourhood violence (quarters of zip‐code rates of homicide and assault) in the first 37 weeks of pregnancy with GWG (categorized using the Institute of Medicine's pregnancy weight gain guidelines). We estimated risk ratios (RR) and marginal risk differences, and analyses were stratified by maternal race/ethnicity and prepregnancy body mass index.

Results

Residence in neighbourhoods with the highest quartile of violence was associated with more excessive GWG (adjusted RR 1.04, 95% confidence interval CI 1.03, 1.05), compared to the lowest quartile of violence; violence was not associated with inadequate GWG. On the difference scale, this association translates to 2.3% more women gaining weight excessively rather than adequately if all women were exposed to high violence compared to if all women were exposed to low violence. Additionally, associations between neighbourhood violence and excessive GWG were larger in non‐white women than in white women.

Conclusions

These findings support the hypothesis that violence can affect weight gain during pregnancy, emphasizing the importance of neighbourhood violence as a public health issue.
Long‐term effects of prairie restoration on plant community structure and native population dynamics
Authors: Trowbridge Charlotte C. , Stanley Amanda , Kaye Thomas N. , Dunwiddie Peter W. , Williams Jennifer L.
Published: December 2016

The key to restoring degraded grassland habitats is identifying feasible and effective techniques to reduce the negative impacts of exotic species and promote self‐sustaining native populations. It is often difficult to extend monitoring of restoration efforts to evaluate long‐term success, but doing so is essential to understanding how initial outcomes change over time. To assess how initial treatment effects persist, we revisited degraded patches of Pacific Northwest prairie habitat 6 years after experimental restoration efforts ceased. We evaluated plant community composition to determine the lasting effects of supplemental native seeding and disturbance treatments (burning, mowing, and herbicide to reduce exotic species). We tracked the persistence of seeded species and measured spread of their populations to evaluate suitability of species for restoration and the ability of the habitat to support native plant populations. We found that plots that received supplemental seeding continued to exhibit higher richness of native species than those left unseeded, and that both seeding and disturbance treatments could positively influence native species abundance over the long term. The initially observed effects of disturbance treatments on reducing exotic grass abundance had diminished, highlighting the importance of long‐term monitoring and ongoing control of exotic species. Nevertheless, these treatments significantly influenced the population trajectories of 4 out of 8 seeded native species. There was evidence of spatial advance of most seeded species. Results from extended monitoring confirm that dispersal limitation of native species and difficulties maintaining the reduction of exotic grasses continue to be major barriers to success in restoration of invaded grasslands.
An effective spherical panoramic LoD model for a mobile street view service
Authors: Liu Xianxiong , Hu Qingwu , Ai Mingyao , Zhao Pengcheng , Yu Dengbo
Published: December 2016

Street view (panoramic view) services have begun to shift from PC platforms to mobile smart devices. Considering the capabilities of smart terminal devices, a 360° spherical level of detail (LoD) model for mobile street view services that renders panoramic images on the inner surface of a sphere via LoD is proposed in this article. Panoramic images are segmented into tiles and organized in a pyramid tile structure for LoD rendering to improve the rendering efficiency of the proposed model. A projection model between panoramic images and the spherical surface is presented to map the panoramic tiles on the spherical graticule. A street view‐rendering algorithm of panoramic images is proposed with the rendering function of OpenGL for Embedded Systems (OpenGL ES). A street view service app running on Android, based on the proposed approach, is implemented to assess two aspects of the panoramic view model, namely visualization effect and efficiency. Experiment results reveal that the 360° spherical LoD model of the panoramic image can display 3D street view scenes better than the cubic panoramic view model. The proposed model also has an excellent 3D visualization effect and high‐efficiency rendering ability for mobile street view services. Therefore, it is applicable in large‐scale mobile street view services both online and offline and in augmented reality navigation.
Reasoning Biases, Non‐Monotonic Logics and Belief Revision
Authors: Dutilh Novaes Catarina , Veluwenkamp Herman
Published: December 2016

A range of formal models of human reasoning have been proposed in a number of fields such as philosophy, logic, artificial intelligence, computer science, psychology, cognitive science, etc.: various logics (epistemic logics; non‐monotonic logics), probabilistic systems (most notably, but not exclusively, Bayesian probability theory), belief revision systems, neural networks, among others. Now, it seems reasonable to require that formal models of human reasoning be (minimally) empirically adequate if they are to be viewed as models of the phenomena in question. How are formal models of human reasoning typically put to empirical test? One way to do so is to isolate a number of key principles of the system, and design experiments to gauge the extent to which participants do or do not follow them in reasoning tasks. Another way is to take relevant existing results and check whether a particular formal model predicts these results. The present investigation provides an illustration of the second kind of empirical testing by comparing two formal models for reasoning – namely the non‐monotonic logic known as preferential logic; and a particular version of belief revision theories, screened belief revision – against the reasoning phenomenon known as belief bias in the psychology of reasoning literature: human reasoners typically seek to maintain the beliefs they already hold, and conversely to reject contradicting incoming information. The conclusion of our analysis will be that screened belief revision is more empirically adequate with respect to belief bias than preferential logic and non‐monotonic logics in general, as what participants seem to be doing is above all a form of belief management on the basis of background knowledge. The upshot is thus that, while it may offer valuable insights into the nature of human reasoning, preferential logic (and non‐monotonic logics in general) is ultimately inadequate as a formal model of the phenomena in question.
Sensing visceral urban politics and metabolic exclusion in a Chinese neighbourhood
Authors: Pow C P
Published: December 2016

Insofar as the production of space is intimately bound up with the bodily senses, it would be reasonable to posit that the politics of space is also at the same time a politics of the senses. In this context, the theoretical remit of this paper is to extend our analysis of the role of the senses in theorising a visceral politics of urban exclusion. Using the case study of a middle‐class neighbourhood orxiaoquin Shanghai, the paper interrogates how class‐based sensory ‘othering’ is deployed to preserve and regulate the socio‐metabolic environment of the neighbourhood sensorium and justify urban exclusion. Such revanchist (sensory) urbanism, however, is irreducible to the cultural politics of neoliberalism, but also deeply implicated in actually existing metabolic inequalities in contemporary urban China. In particular, those whose metabolic needs are devalued are often stigmatised and cast as ‘sensorial others’ with repulsive sensory and metabolic bodily practices that are at odds with the urban middle‐class. By bringing together critical literature on sensory urbanism and urban metabolism, a key contribution of this paper is to advance the theorisation of visceral micro‐politics of urban exclusion that is experienced and ‘sensed’ through everyday metabolic inequalities in urban China.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THORACIC RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS AND POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSIS OF THORACIC DISEASES IN DYSPNEIC COMPANION RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)
Authors: Fouriez‐Lablée Virginie , Vergneau‐Grosset Claire , Kass Philip H. , Zwingenberger Allison L.
Published: December 2016

Companion rats are often presented to veterinarians for respiratory difficulties. Dyspnea in rats is most commonly due to infectious pneumonia, and thoracic neoplasia can go undiagnosed ante mortem due to a mistaken interpretation of pneumonia. In domestic carnivores, pulmonary nodular patterns have been shown to correlate with lung neoplastic diseases and infectious diseases. The main objective of this retrospective case series study was to determine whether certain radiographic criteria could be correlated with the presence of thoracic infectious disease and neoplastic disease in companion rats. A secondary objective was to determine whether the patient's sex and age were different between rats diagnosed with infectious versus neoplastic disease. Medical records and thoracic radiographs of dyspneic companion rats presented to the University of California at Davis, William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital during the time period from January 2000 to December 2014 were reviewed. Rats with postmortem confirmation of thoracic lesions were included in the study. Thoracic radiographs were evaluated for positioning, lesion distribution, lung lobe involved, pulmonary pattern, mediastinal and pleural lesions by three observers blinded to diagnosis. Thirty rats were included in the study, including 23 rats with an infectious disease and seven with neoplasia. Mediastinal lesions were significantly more prevalent in the group diagnosed with thoracic neoplasia (P = 0.031), in particular cranially (P = 0.048). Although there was an overlap between the two groups, findings indicated that the presence of cranial mediastinal lesions may be helpful for differentiating neoplastic from infectious disease in rats.
Estelas de trayectorias esparcidas: las tácticas indígenas en el contexto de las misiones. Colombia, 1880-1930
Authors: Pérez Benavides Amada Carolina
Published: December 2016

Este artículo estudia, a partir de la propuesta analítica de Michel de Certeau, las estrategias puestas en juego por los misioneros en el proceso de evangelización-civilización de las comunidades indígenas a finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX en Colombia —principalmente en la región del Caquetá y el Putumayo—, y, a la vez, pone un especial acento en las tácticas desplega- das por estas comunidades frente a dicho proceso. Me interesa analizar en particular cómo en la instauración y consolidación de las misiones se intersectan y entremezclan dos historias paralelas: la del intento del Estado nacional y de la institución eclesial por ampliar sus radios de acción y la de la manera como respondieron los indígenas a dicho intento a partir de sus propios repertorios culturales. 
Concordancia entre guía incisiva con patrones dentales, esqueléticos funcionales y del biotipo facial / Concordance between Incisal Pathway with Dental, Functional Skeletal, and Facial Biotype Patterns
Authors: Puerta Salazar Germán Eduardo , Herrera-Guardiola Santiago , Martínez Cajas Carlos Humberto
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT. Background: is necessary to consider which parameter should stablish the central incisor inclination. Purpose: The main objective of the present study was to appraise the possible concordance between the maxillary incisors inclination and the facial axis, the articular eminence inclination and the palatal functional inclination of the maxillary incisors. Methods: We perform an observational cross sectional study with 315 cone beam tomographic images from 63 healthy patients. Then a single technician carried out all the measures. The statistical analysis included T test, regression, and intra-class correlation. Results: There´s no statistical correlation between the articular eminence angle and the maxillary incisor inclination, nonetheless the facial axis present a low correlation and the functional palatal surface of the maxillary incisors present a high correlation with the inclination of the upper incisors. Conclusion: We conclude that the maxillary inclination could be answer by others functional factors such as neutral zone, occlusal function, and facial biotype except the articular eminence inclination. On the other hand, the facial axis should be taken into account in orthodontic planning treatment and could be a key factor to stablish the maxillary incisor inclination.
Condición periodontal de pacientes con apnea obstructiva del sueño / Periodontal Status of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Cuervo Monguí Adriana , Martínez Pastrana María Constanza , Sosa Quiroga Gretty Marcela , Hernández Torres Melissa , Latorre Uriza Catalina , Escobar Arregocés Francina , Velosa Porras Juliana
Published: December 2016

Background: There are systemic diseases that are directly related to periodontal disease, so it is necessary to identify them, in order to control them and prevent the worsening of this condition. Objective: To describe the periodontal condition of patients who underwent polysomnographic analysis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The sample included 166 patients with prior polysomnography, who underwent periodontal examination to determine periodontal diagnosis based on the classification of Armitage 1999 and sub-classified according to location. Results: Of the 166 patients evaluated, 99.40 % had periodontal diseases, of which 71.08 % had obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSA), periodontitis 58.4% and gingivitis 36.74 %. The most prevalent periodontal diseases corresponded to 60.39 % of the total sample and gingivitis with preexisting insertion loss, severe chronic periodontitis, and moderate chronic periodontitis affected 41.11 % of patients with the diagnosis of OSA and remaining 19.28 % did not have OSA. Conclusions: The most prevalent diagnosis in patients with polysomnographic examination was generalized gingivitis with preexisting insertion loss. The diagnosis of periodontitis in OSA patients was more related to the presence of local factors. A greater severity of periodontal diagnosis, fewer teeth present in the mouth, increased mobility, greater amount of furcation involvement, less frequent brushing, and higher age.
El efecto de la capsaicina en fibroblastos pulpares humanos en la producción de PGE2 y citoquinas proinflamatorias está asociado al etanol / The Effect of Capsaicine in Human Pulp Fibroblasts, in the Production of PGE2 and Proinflammatory Cytokines...
Authors: Bedoya Mejía María Alexandra , Rodríguez Camacho Luz Stella , Jaramillo Gómez Lorenza María , Moreno Abello Gloria Cristina
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT. Background: due of capsaicin effect on the control of various inflammatory mediators, it has been proposed to modulate inflammatory processes caused by physical assaults to pulp tissue. Purpose: to evaluate the effect of capsaicin diluted in 0.05 % ethanol and its vehicle on PGE2 production, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12p70 in Human Fibroblasts Pulp (FPH). Methods: concentrations of PGE2, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12p70 were analyzed by ELISA or flow cytometry in supernatants of FPH at 6 and 8 hours, after being stimulated with capsaicin 5*10-5 M and 2,5*10-5 M and ethanol 0.05% vehicle of capsaicin and compared with unstimulated cells. Results: ethanol 0.05% as a diluent capsaicin, is responsible for the effect on the decrease in the expression of PGE2, IL-8 and IL-6 at the times and concentrations evaluated; and IL-12p-70 was the only cytokine that increased significantly in the presence of capsaicin 2,5*10-5 M at 8h, it is statistically greater than ethanol 0.05%. Capsaicin and ethanol had not significant effect on IL-1β. Conclusion: the effect of capsaicin on FPH, is associated with ethanol 0.05% used as diluent and varies depending on time and the mediator analyzed.
El plagio en la publicación científica / Plagiarism in Scientific Publication
Authors: Delgado Troncoso Jorge Enrique
Published: December 2016

El presente editorial hace un análisis del tema de los derechos de autor y los riesgos legales y éticos que conlleva el plagio. Como se indica en el texto, “El plagio existe cuando se copia todo o parte del contenido de un material publicado previamente y se incluye en otra publicación o documento al pie de la letra, o casi al pie de la letra, sin dar los debidos créditos a los autores o la publicación original. Esto también se aplica a las publicaciones del mismo autor porque equivale a autoplagio”. El artículo finaliza confirmando el compromiso de Universitas Odontologica de promover una cultura de la calidad científica y ética en la investigación, así como de velar por que el material que se publique cumpla con los más altos estándares posibles.
Identificación de cadáveres sometidos a altas temperaturas, a partir de las características macroscópicas de sus órganos dentales y la aplicabilidad de la genética forense / Identification of Bodies Exposed to High Temperatures Based on Macroscopic...
Authors: Barraza Salcedo María Del Socorro , Rebolledo Cobos Martha Leonor
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT. Background: Forensic dentistry in cases of incineration provides scientific elements that allow the identification of bodies, by analyzing dental organs, through the isolation of DNA obtained from the pulp as an alternative to confirm the identity of the victim. When the degree of temperature is highly elevated, dental tissues are vulnerable and therefore the DNA pulp is not salvageable, wasting resources and time by lack of standards to identify macroscopic characteristics that indicate this situation reliably. Objective: To describe the main features of teeth subjected to high temperatures and the relationship of these to the viability of their DNA, as a contribution to forensic genetic identification. Methods: A literature search for three databases were used; Pubmed, EBSCO and Google academician, 50 articles were selected in several languages, which made regarding the descriptors "cremated teeth; violence; Forensic Odontology; ID; DNA samples; dental pulp". Results: Most authors reported the resistance of dental tissues when subjected to high temperatures and others showed the success of the identification through dental comparisons. Conclusions: A successful identification evidenced by DNA extracted from bone and dental remains. The literature reviewed suggests that up to certain temperatures, can be carried out identification by forensic genetics of cremated victims by DNA contained in dental pulp. Strict national referencing was observed in the physical characteristics or incinerated dental macroscopic bodies.
Stability Analysis of Chaotic Wavy Stratified Fluid-Fluid Flow With the 1D Fixed-Flux Two-Fluid Model
Authors: Vaidheeswaran Avinash , Fullmer William D. , Chetty Krishna , Marino Raul G. , Lopez de Bertodano Martin
Published: December 2016

The one-dimensional fixed-flux two-fluid model (TFM) is used to analyze the stability of the wavy interface in a slightly inclined pipe geometry. The model is reduced from the complete 1-D TFM, assuming a constant total volumetric flux, which resembles the equations of shallow water theory (SWT). From the point of view of two-phase flow physics, the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, resulting from the relative motion between the phases, is still preserved after the simplification. Hence, the numerical fixed-flux TFM proves to be an effective tool to analyze local features of two-phase flow, in particular the chaotic behavior of the interface.

Experiments on smooth- and wavy-stratified flows with water and gasoline were performed to understand the interface dynamics. The mathematical behavior concerning the well-posedness and stability of the fixed-flux TFM is first addressed using linear stability theory. The findings from the linear stability analysis are also important in developing the eigenvalue based donoring flux-limiter scheme used in the numerical simulations. The stability analysis is extended past the linear theory using nonlinear simulations to estimate the Largest Lyapunov Exponent which confirms the non-linear boundedness of the fixed-flux TFM. Furthermore, the numerical model is shown to be convergent using the power spectra in Fourier space. The nonlinear results are validated with the experimental data. The chaotic behavior of the interface from the numerical predictions is similar to the results from the experiments.
Implicit LES Applied to Isothermal Swirling Coaxial Jets
Authors: Parra-Santos Teresa , Szasz Robert Z. , Pérez J. Rubén , Vuorinen Ville , Castro Francisco
Published: December 2016

This work is devoted to the analysis of the interaction of two coaxial jet with swirling flow using Large Eddy Simulation methodology to reproduce the case of Roback and Johnson. The eight - flat - vanes in the annular nozzle are the precursor of the swirling annular jet with high swirl number.

An implicit LES model was used, this model uses mesh size as filter width so no sub-grid model is required. It is the numerical error who plays the role of dissipative part of the stress tensor in the sub-mesh. Mesh prerequisites are Δy+ = 1 and uniform hexahedral mesh. The resolution scheme used is a Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) with coefficients looking for good precision. PISO is the pressure-velocity coupling used. Besides, multigrid resolution improves the performance towards the full convergence.

Influence of the swirl number on the flow pattern is analyzed. Also the impact of conical diffuser on the mixing is presented.
Swirl Influence on Mixing and Reactive Flows
Authors: Parra-Santos Teresa , Gutkowski Artur N. , Mendoza Victor , Szasz Robert Z. , Rodriguez Miguel A. , Castro Francisco , Perez J. Ruben
Published: December 2016

The interaction of two confined coaxial jets has been studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Annular jet flows over 8 flat blade swirl generator. Numerical simulation uses RNG k-ε turbulence model. These models are suitable for turbulent swirl dominated flows. Intermediate swirl injector has been simulated and the flow patterns for non-reactive and reactive cases are contrasted. Low swirling injectors do not promote the fluid to turn over near the center of the chamber, resulting larger mixing zones with weak gradients. Whereas large swirling flows promote the formation of an Inner Recirculation Zone that is a precursor of higher gradients. Probability Density Function is selected as combustion model. High swirl numbers let fix the location of the reactive zone.
Practical Learning on Computational Fluid Dynamics at Undergraduate Level
Authors: Parra-Santos Teresa , Molina Jordá José M. , Luna-Sandoval Gabriel , Cacho-Perez Mariano , Pérez J. Rubén
Published: December 2016

This work involves a methodology for Mechanical Engineering students to learn Computational Fluid Dynamics playing an active role. Students carry out a fluid mechanics down scaled projects with the steps of sensibility of mesh, convergence of numerical algorithm, validation of turbulence model and description of flow patterns. Furthermore, they develop their critical thought when they identify weak points susceptible for improvement.

The offer of benchmark test cases ranges from head loses, driven cavities, swirling flows, to external aerodynamics. Simplifications to the level of undergraduate courses imply two dimensional simulations and a limited number of grid points. Hence, the assessment is based in coherence of decisions and efficient use of limited resources.

A review of the offer of workshops is supplied, such as the Ahmed car, the Roback and Johnson burner, aerodynamics of different NACA airfoils, and different geometries of driven cavities. These are classical test cases of numerical research and a sample of applications in wind energy, industrial furnaces, and lubrication.

Parametrization based in geometry, Reynolds number, Pitch angle among other, let simulate different flow patterns with similar degree of difficulty.

There is a deeper understanding of the topic when students need to discuss the strategies to accomplish the project, they need to write a technical report and finally they need to justify the evaluation of other works. Also, it is important to link the simplified projects of the workshop with the real world and the industrial applications.
An Educational Laboratory With a Remote Controlled Centrifugal Pump Test Rig
Authors: Dolle B. , Benra F.-K. , Brillert D. , Dohmen H. J.
Published: December 2016

Further improving efficiency and expanding the working range of centrifugal pumps are major development targets. Therefore, theoretical education for engineering students is essential to gain knowledge about the practical performance of these machines. Based on the strong interdependency between theoretical and practical teaching content, experimental laboratories represent an excellent method to combine both. To offer such experiments, a test rig with a three stage centrifugal pump was assembled in the past. The rising number of students and time-limited access to the test rig resulted in groups of 20 students for each experimental run. A novel tele operative lab is developed to reduce the group size and thereby improve educational quality. This remote lab provides a global, time independent access to the test rig. As a consequence of the advanced flexibility, group sizes of maximum 5 could be realized. Additionally, the absence of a supervising assistant, leads to an improved self-prepared and autonomous working of the students.