bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FuSENet: fused squeeze‐and‐excitation network for spectral‐spatial hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Roy Swalpa Kumar , Dubey Shiv Ram , Chatterjee Subhrasankar , Baran Chaudhuri Bidyut
Published: April 2020

Deep learning‐based approaches have become very prominent in recent years due to its outstanding performance as compared to the hand‐extracted feature‐based methods. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is a type of deep learning architecture to deal with the image/video data. Residual network and squeeze and excitation network (SENet) are among recent developments in CNN for image classification. However, the performance of SENet depends on the squeeze operation done by global pooling, which sometimes may lead to poor performance. In this study, the authors propose a bilinear fusion mechanism over different types of squeeze operation such as global pooling and max pooling. The excitation operation is performed using the fused output of squeeze operation. They used to model the proposed fused SENet with the residual unit and name it as FuSENet. Here the classification experiments are performed over benchmark hyperspectral image datasets. The experimental results confirm the superiority of the proposed FuSENet method with respect to the state‐of‐the‐art methods. The source code of the complete system is made publicly available at https://github.com/swalpa/FuSENet.
Compact ultra‐wideband FSS optimised through fast and accurate hybrid bio‐inspired multiobjective technique
Authors: Alcântara Neto Miércio Cardoso de , Renato Oeiras Ferreira Hélio , Priscyla Leite de Araújo Jasmine , José Brito Barros Fabrício , Gomes Neto Alfredo , de Oliveira Alencar Marina , Protásio dos Santos Cavalcante Gervásio
Published: April 2020

In this study, a bioinspired computation (BIC) optimisation technique to synthesise the geometric dimensions of a lozenge‐shaped broadband frequency selective surface (FSS) for electromagnetic wave filtering in satellite communications systems, for the X (8–12 GHz) and Ku (12–18 GHz) bands, is presented. A hybrid BIC technique, that combines the general regression neural network with a multi‐objective flower pollination algorithm, is proposed. The objectives of the optimisation process consist of tuning the resonant frequency of the lozenge‐shaped FSS to 15.2 GHz and operating bandwidth to 8 GHz, characterising a broadband framework. The cutoff frequencies to control the operating frequency range of the FSS, referring to transmission coefficient in decibels (dB), were obtained at a threshold of −10 dB. The proposed lozenge‐shaped FSS, after optimisation of the geometrical dimensions of its unit cell, was fabricated on fiberglass substrate (FR4). The simulated and measured results show a good agreement.
Grain/grain‐boundary mediated dispersive photo‐current characteristics in close space sublimated micro‐granular CdTe films
Authors: Ramanathan Kulandai Velu , Shankar Balakrishnan , Nair Shantikumar V. , Shanmugam Mariyappan
Published: April 2020

Photo‐current characteristics in close space sublimation processed multi‐facetted Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) micro‐granular films were studied under AM1.5, blue and green laser illuminations to assess the energy dependent charge transport characteristics. Photo‐current under AM1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm2) resulted in three times more than dark current while it was observed 2.4 and 2.5 times more in case of blue and green laser illuminations, respectively. While all the three illuminations (AM1.5, blue and green lasers) were capable to generate photo‐electrons in CdTe, the variation in magnitude was articulated to the effect of grain boundaries present across the charge transport pathways as evidenced from the surface morphology examined by scanning electron microscopic studies which asserted that CdTe films were micro‐granular in nature separated by grain boundaries. It is elucidated in the measurements that charge carriers under the illumination of AM1.5 light, acquired energy to overcome the grain boundaries easily compared to the charge carriers produced by blue and green light sources as evidenced from the photo‐current measurements.
Improved prediction method of PV output power based on optimised chaotic phase space reconstruction
Authors: Wang Yufei , Fu Yuchao , Xue Hua
Published: April 2020

With a large number of photovoltaic (PV) generation systems connected to power grid, accurate forecasting becomes important, the results can be used to alleviate their impacts on the grid effectively. However, most of existing methods strongly rely on the numerical weather prediction (NWP), accuracy of them under highly volatile weather conditions is poor. In this study, without using meteorological data, an improved prediction method based on optimised chaotic phase space reconstruction is presented. Firstly, chaos theory is introduced to analyse the evolution law of PV output power. Then, in order to decrease the delay effect of original chaotic attractor and the negative effect of each phase space power sequence's fluctuation on forecasting accuracy, the algorithm of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is introduced to perform further analysis, so as to raise the regularity of chaotic attractors and extract the partial fluctuation features. Finally, based on optimized chaotic attractor and genetic algorithm‐back propagation (GA‐BP) neural network, the authors build a combined prediction model and apply it into actual measurement data to verify its validation. Numerical results show that by carrying out the optimised chaotic phase space reconstruction, proposed prediction approach achieves better accuracy than the chaos‐GA‐BP, EEMD‐GA‐BP and NWP‐GA‐BP methods.
The ALMA view of the high-redshift relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies
Authors: Pensabene A. , Carniani S. , Perna M. , Cresci G. , Decarli R. , Maiolino R. , Marconi A.
Published: April 2020

Context.The existence of tight correlations between supermassive black holes (BHs) and their host galaxies’ properties in the local Universe suggests a closely linked evolution. Investigating these relations up to the high redshifts (z ≳ 6) is crucial in order to understand the interplay between star formation and BH growth across the cosmic time and to set constraints on galaxy formation and evolution models. In this work, we focus on the relation between BH mass (MBH) and the dynamical mass (Mdyn) of the host galaxy.

Aims.Previous works suggest an evolution of theMBH−Mdynrelation with redshift indicating that BH growth precedes the galaxy mass assembly during their co-evolution atz >  3. However, dynamical galaxy masses at high redshift are often estimated through the virial theorem, thus introducing significant uncertainties. Within the scope of this work, our aim is to study theMBH−Mdynrelation of a sample of 2 <  z <  7 quasars by constraining their galaxy masses through a full kinematical modelling of the cold gas kinematics, thus avoiding all possible biases and effects introduced by the rough estimates usually adopted so far.

Methods.For this purpose, we retrieved public observations of 72 quasar host galaxies observed in [CII]158 μmor CO transitions with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). We then selected those quasars whose line emission is spatially resolved, and performed a kinematic analysis on ALMA observations. We estimated the dynamical mass of the systems by modelling the gas kinematics with a rotating disc, taking into account geometrical and instrumental effects. Our dynamical mass estimates, combined withMBHobtained from literature and our own new CIVλ1550 observations allowed us to investigate theMBH/Mdynin the early Universe.

Results.Overall, we obtained a sample of ten quasars atz ∼ 2−7, in which line emission is detected with high S/N (≳5−10) and the gas kinematics are spatially resolved and dominated by ordered rotation. The estimated dynamical masses place six out of ten quasars above the local relation yielding toMBH/Mdynratios ∼10× higher than those estimated in low-zgalaxies. On the other hand, we found that four quasars atz ∼ 4−6 have dynamical-to-BH-mass ratios consistent with what is observed in early-type galaxies in the local Universe.
Deep XMM-Newton observations of the northern disc of M31
Authors: Kavanagh Patrick J. , Sasaki Manami , Breitschwerdt Dieter , de Avillez Miguel A. , Filipović Miroslav D. , Galvin Timothy , Haberl Frank , Hatzidimitriou Despina , Henze Martin , Plucinsky Paul P. , Saeedi Sara , Sokolovsky Kirill V. , Williams Benjamin F.
Published: April 2020

Aims. We use new deep XMM-Newton observations of the northern disc of M31 to trace the hot interstellar medium (ISM) in unprecedented detail and to characterise the physical properties of the X-ray emitting plasmas.

Methods. We used all XMM-Newton data up to and including our new observations to produce the most detailed image yet of the hot ISM plasma in a grand design spiral galaxy such as our own. We compared the X-ray morphology to multi-wavelength studies in the literature to set it in the context of the multi-phase ISM. We performed spectral analyses on the extended emission using our new observations as they offer sufficient depth and count statistics to constrain the plasma properties. Data from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury were used to estimate the energy injected by massive stars and their supernovae. We compared these results to the hot gas properties.

Results. The brightest emission regions were found to be correlated with populations of massive stars, notably in the 10 kpc star-forming ring. The plasma temperatures in the ring regions are ~0.2 up to ~0.6 keV. We suggest this emission is hot ISM heated in massive stellar clusters and superbubbles. We derived X-ray luminosities, densities, and pressures for the gas in each region. We also found large extended emission filling low density gaps in the dust morphology of the northern disc, notably between the 5 and 10 kpc star-forming rings. We propose that the hot gas was heated and expelled into the gaps by the populations of massive stars in the rings.

Conclusions. It is clear that the massive stellar populations are responsible for heating the ISM to X-ray emitting temperatures, filling their surroundings, and possibly driving the hot gas into the low density regions. Overall, the morphology and spectra of the hot gas in the northern disc of M31 is similar to other galaxy discs.
The 3D non-LTE solar nitrogen abundance from atomic lines
Authors: Amarsi A. M. , Grevesse N. , Grumer J. , Asplund M. , Barklem P. S. , Collet R.
Published: April 2020

Nitrogen is an important element in various fields of stellar and Galactic astronomy, and the solar nitrogen abundance is crucial as a yardstick for comparing different objects in the cosmos. In order to obtain a precise and accurate value for this abundance, we carried out N I line formation calculations in a 3D radiative-hydrodynamic STAGGER model solar atmosphere in full 3D non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE). We used a model atom that includes physically motivated descriptions for the inelastic collisions of N I with free electrons and with neutral hydrogen. We selected five N I lines of high excitation energy to study in detail, based on their strengths and on their being relatively free of blends. We found that these lines are slightly strengthened from non-LTE photon losses and from 3D granulation effects, resulting in negative abundance corrections of around − 0.01 dex and − 0.04 dex, respectively. Our advocated solar nitrogen abundance is log ɛN = 7.77, with the systematic 1σ uncertainty estimated to be 0.05 dex. This result is consistent with earlier studies after correcting for differences in line selections and equivalent widths.
Assessing the performance of Polish Regional Funds for Environmental Protection and Water Management using DEA model
Authors: Nazarko Joanicjusz , Chodakowska Ewa
Published: April 2020

The public sector is under growing pressure to increase its efficiency. Expectations from the political authorities, local communities, stakeholders and media towards the public-sector entities are high. Modern management methods must be introduced to meet them. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an important method used in comparative studies of public sector efficiency. Voivodeship Funds for Environmental Protection and Water Management (VFEPWMs) are public entities that financially support actions aimed at environmental protection and water management. Their task is to acquire and redistribute financial resources to support projects related to environmental protection. VFEPWMs face the challenge of increasing the use of available funds and the efficiency of their use. The paper presents the use of DEA method — which is as a modern engineering management tool — to evaluate the VFEPWMs performance. In the DEA performance analysis of VFEPWM, it is assumed that each unit may be characterised by their input resources, effects, environmental variables and transformation processes that transform resources into effects. VFEPWMs have better performance if they transform resources into desirable effects (actions) more efficiently. The results of the conducted analysis allow comparing the performance of particular VFEPWMs, to identify model units and to develop benchmarking graphs. The analysis is performed not only to assess the current level of VFEPWM performance but also to acquire information allowing to remove inefficiency.
Composite Criticality in Machinery Fleet Management of Construction Projects
Authors: Pantouvakis John-Paris , Maravas Alexander
Published: April 2020

During construction operations, fleet management aims at maximizing the uptime and efficiency of construction machinery while also minimizing the cost of ownership through lifecycle planning and management. In the deterministic approach, the theory suggests that one type of machinery is considered to be critical. However, taking into account the real circumstances under which projects are performed with issues such as machine reliability, worker performance, and/or errors in estimating the scope of work, it is evident that there are significant limitations to the existing approach. Hence, to address this issue, uncertainty in fleet productivity is modelled with fuzzy set theory. In this context, the notion of composite criticality under which the productivity of a fleet depends on more than one type of machinery because of the fluctuations of the individual productivities is introduced. To this purpose, a simple case study is presented to illustrate this concept. It is concluded that this approach leads to a better understanding of the estimation of activity duration and cost estimation which in turn means better project scheduling and financial planning.
Container truck transportation routing as a Mixed Fleet Heterogeneous Dial-a-Ride Problem
Authors: Amine Masmoudi Mohamed , Kuzmicz Katarzyna Anna , Pesch Erwin , Demir Emrah , Hosny Manar
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a new variant of the Heterogeneous Dial-a-Ride Problem (HDARP) is innovatively applied to a routing problem of trucks picking up and delivering full and empty containers in the logistic chain, including container depots, importers demanding full containers and exporters requesting empty containers. On the route different types of trucks pick-up and deliver full and empty 20- and 40-foot containers. We consider trucks that are operated by alternative fuel, as well as the need for refuelling of trucks in any alternative fuel station to eliminate the risk of running out of fuel during its route. The objective of the paper is to contribute to the optimization of container truck transport routing with multiple pick¬ups and deliveries by providing a mathematical programming model aiming at minimizing the transportation cost as well as the negative environmental impacts.
Success Factors for Effective Contractor-led Stakeholder Relationship Management: Perspectives from the Botswana Construction Industry
Authors: Taimu Marian , Awuzie Bankole , Ngowi Alfred
Published: April 2020

Stakeholder relationship management (SRM) remains critical to the attainment of successful project outcomes. This is particularly the case in the construction industry: an industry often described as considerably fragmented and project-based with a multiplicity of stakeholders with vested interests. Burgeoning incidences of project failure has been attributed to poor SRM. A lot of studies investigating stakeholder management exist, yet a paucity of studies looking into SRM has been noticed. Most of these studies have sought to investigate the phenomenon from a client perspective without taking cognizance of the contractor’s role in SRM. Also, the tendency of these studies to overlook stakeholder dynamics as it concerns power, uncertainty, etc. during various stages of the project lifecycle is observed. These are the gaps which this study will seek to fill relying on the customer relationship model (CRM) theoretical lens. A multi-case study research design is proposed. Different contractor organizations were selected based on a set of predetermined criteria. A plethora of within-case interviews and document reviews will be utilized in eliciting data concerning the approach adopted by construction contractors for managing extant relationships with critical stakeholders. The data was analysed thematically. It is expected that success factors will result from the elicited narratives. The following success factors for effective management of stakeholder relationship management emerged from the interviews and documents: Communication, understanding of stakeholders, the different types of stakeholders and type of project, management, and interpersonal skills, collaboration, engagement, and conflict management. This artefact will be compared to different CRM models to identify probable success factors for engendering effective stakeholder relationship management. Furthermore, the study’s findings will seek to contribute towards the development of a contractor-centric stakeholder relationship management framework for the Botswana construction industry.
An Approach for Integrating Mixed Reality into BIM for Early Stage Design Coordination
Authors: Prabhakaran Abhinesh , Mahamadu Abdul-Majeed , Mahdjoubi Lamine , Manu Patrick
Published: April 2020

Building Information Modelling (BIM) and its associated technologies have proved to be one of the most promising developments in the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. Over the past few decades, the AEC sector has been restricted

in its communication of design as a result of single interface methods based on 2D and 3D visualization of information. Thus, most issues with respect to construction are identified fairly late, resulting in costly changes. With the introduction of BIM, many other approaches to data visualization can be leveraged including Mixed Reality (MR) applications for the virtual representation of spaces and objects beyond 3D. MR offers a revolution in the virtual representation of objects and space through context awareness as well as the incorporation of information beyond 3D offering countless opportunities for more effective design visualization and coordination. Despite the capability of MR, however, few examples exist of its application to design coordination in the AEC. In addressing this gap this study proposes a novel methodology for the application of MR in design coordination as well as investigates the impact of introducing MR into BIM workflow with a focus on the identification and avoidance of clashes. A prototypical model of the MR design coordination is presented and discussed. Findings indicate that MR improves design productivity and quality but also highlights potential infrastructure issues inhibiting the mainstreaming of MR for design practice.
Does proximity to tourist site affect the rental value of residential properties? Empirical evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Oshodi Olalekan , Oyedeji Oyewale , Aigbovboa Clinton
Published: April 2020

The property market plays a vital role in the economy of any nation. The industry provides jobs, investment opportunities and constructed space for productive activities, among others. Several authors have developed predictive models for the rental value of residential properties. However, little is known about the impact of tourist site on the rental value of residential properties. This study seeks to examine the effect of tourist sites on the rental value of residential properties using an artificial intelligence technique. The predictive modelling approach was utilised in this study. It was found that proximity to tourist site and security are the most important factors influencing rental prices of residential properties. In addition, the developed Neural Network (NN) model could adequately predict the rental value of residential properties (93.75% were correctly predicted). The results of this study demonstrate that the NN model is a useful tool for forecasting of the rental value of properties. The findings of this study provide valuable information for policy makers, professionals in the built environment and property investors.
Causes and Impact of Human Error in Maintenance of Mechanical Systems
Authors: Nkosi Mfundo , Gupta Kapil , Mashinini Madindwa
Published: April 2020

The concept of minimizing human error in maintenance is progressively gaining attention in various industries. The incorporation of human factors when solving engineering problems, particularly in maintenance, can no longer be ignored where high standards of performance are expected. The journey of improving maintenance performance through the reduction of human error begins with the understanding of causes and impact of human error in maintenance. This paper evaluates previous scholarly writings on human errors, to specifically establish the causes and impact of human error in maintenance. This study relies predominantly on the existing literature on human error in maintenance derived from published and unpublished research. The primary findings emerging from the research exhibit a number of key factors that cause a human error in maintenance such as poor management and supervision, organizational culture, incompetence, poorly written procedures, poor communication, time pressure, plant and environmental conditions, poor work design and many more. The literature review also revealed that human errors have a negative impact on safety, reliability, productivity and efficiency of the equipment. It was further discovered that equipment failures leading to accidents, incidents, loss of life and economic losses are the major effects of human error. Human error in mechanical systems’ maintenance is a serious problem which needs adequate attention in order to develop corrective and preventive measures. This review paper serves as a basis for maintenance practitioners and interested parties to develop corrective and preventive measures for minimizing human error in the maintenance of mechanical systems.
Holistic assessment of intelligent technologies: Top management’s perceptions
Authors: Ejsmont Krzysztof
Published: April 2020

Due to the beginning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution based mainly on intelligent technologies used in the production area, rational assessment of their functioning has become the subject of interest of many scientists. The main aim of the article is to present the method of intelligent technologies assessment and to determine the possibilities of its adaptation by manufacturing companies. The following methods and research approaches were used in the construction of the method: integrated method, controlling, desk research, observation of the functioning of intelligent technologies, questionnaire interview. The research procedure assumes the adoption of a three-stage assessment process (measure – module – dimension). The holistic approach adopted in the study is achieved through horizontal aggregation of obtained values of measures and modules. The method was verified for the assessment of an intelligent technological line operating in a large metallurgical company. The substantive analysis of the achieved results allowed to develop a list of recommended activities within modules that have not been assessed positively. It has also become possible to assess the implementation of strategic and operational goals realized through the use of intelligent technological line. The developed final assessment formula will help determine the effectiveness of the activities undertaken (comparative analysis).
Tension between Productivity and Respect for People in Construction
Authors: Mollo Lesiba George , Emuze Fidelis , Sishuba Nicholus
Published: April 2020

Productivity in the construction industry is declining in real-time. The decline in productivity is a source of worry for practitioners and researchers. The purpose of this paper is to ascertain major factors influencing productivity in relation to the notion of respects for people (RFP) in construction. The reviewed literature influences the semi-structured questionnaire used to survey construction professionals in Johannesburg, South Africa. The results reaffirm the tension productivity increment and the enhancement of RfP as both ideas appear to be moving in opposite directions on a typical construction site. It was discovered that respect for workers on a construction site is a major concern. The paper argues that ethical reasoning affects productivity. Therefore, an appropriate management system is required to improve the workers' perception of productivity and RfP working on construction sites.
SOFC modelling considering radiation heat transfer
Authors: Alimi Wael , Chouikh Ridha , Guizani Amen Allah
Published: April 2020

In this study, the influence of radiation heat transfer within a planar SOFC is investigated. The numerical model is made by performing two-dimension mathematical model describing mass, momentum and heat transport phenomena coupled with electrochemical reactions. The finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations. Compared with literature results, the simulations show that radiation reduces temperature gradients and has a significant effect on enhancing heat transfer within the SOFC and counter balancing thermal dissipation induced by activation, concentration and ohmic polarisations. Thus, it must be included for an accurate model.
Usefulness of direct clipping for the bleeding source of colonic diverticular hemorrhage (with videos)
Authors: Kishino Takaaki , Kanemasa Kazuyuki , Kitamura Yoko , Fukumoto Kohei , Okamoto Naoki , Shimokobe Hideto
Published: April 2020

Background and study aims The efficacy of endoclips for colonic diverticular hemorrhage remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoclips versus endoscopic band ligation (EBL) for the treatment of colonic diverticular hemorrhage.

Patients and methods At Nara City Hospital, 93 patients with colonic diverticular hemorrhage with stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) were treated using endoclips or EBL between January 2013 and December 2018. We classified the patients treated by endoclips into the direct clipping group and indirect clipping group. Endoclips were placed directly onto the vessel if technically feasible (direct clipping). When direct placement of endoclips onto the vessel was not possible, the diverticulum was closed in a zipper fashion (indirect clipping). Patient demographics, rate of early rebleeding within 30 days after initial treatment, and complications were retrospectively evaluated.

Results Of the 93 patients, 34, 28, and 31 were in the direct clipping group, indirect clipping group, and EBL group, respectively. Rates of early rebleeding in the direct clipping, indirect clipping, and EBL groups were 5.9 % (2/34), 35.7 % (10/28), and 6.5 % (2/31), respectively (P = 0.006: direct clipping vs indirect clipping, P = 1: direct clipping vs EBL). No complications occurred in any groups. All patients who had early rebleeding in the direct clipping group underwent EBL, and no further bleeding occurred after repeat therapy.

Conclusions Direct clip placement is acceptable as the first treatment choice for colonic diverticular hemorrhage. When direct placement of endoclips is not possible, EBL should be performed instead of indirect clipping.
Endoscopic full-thickness resection using a clip non-exposed method for gastrointestinal tract lesions: a meta-analysis
Authors: Brewer Gutierrez Olaya I. , Akshintala Venkata S. , Ichkhanian Yervant , Brewer Gala G. , Hanada Yuri , Truskey Maria P. , Agarwal Amol , Hajiyeva Gulara , Kumbhari Vivek , Kalloo Anthony N. , Khashab Mouen A. , Ngamruengphong Saowanee
Published: April 2020

Background and study aims Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) allows for treatment of epithelial and sub-epithelial lesions (SELs) unsuitable to conventional resection techniques. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of clip-assisted method for non-exposed EFTR using FTRD or over-the-scope clip of gastrointestinal tumors.

Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed. The primary outcome of interest was the rate of histologic complete resection (R0). Secondary outcomes of interest were the rate of enbloc resection, FTR, adverse events, and post-EFTR surgery. Random-effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates and generate forest plots.

Results Eighteen studies with 730 patients and 733 lesions were included in the analyses. Indications for EFTR were difficult/residual colorectal adenoma, adenoma at a diverticulum or appendiceal orifice and early cancer (n = 634), colorectal SELs (n = 42), and upper gastrointestinal lesions (n = 51), other colonic lesions (n = 6). Median size of lesions was 13.5 mm. There were 22 failed EFTR attempts. Pooled overall R0 resection rate was 82 % (95 % CI: 75, 89). The pooled overall FTR rate was 83 % (95 % CI: 77, 89). The pooled overall enbloc resection rate was 95 (95 % CI: 92, 96). The pooled estimates for perforation and bleeding were < 0.1 % and 2 %, respectively. Following EFTR, a total of 110 patients underwent surgery for any reason [pooled rate 7 % (95 % 2, 14). The pooled rates for post-EFTR surgery due to invasive cancer, for non-curative endoscopic resection and for adverse events were 4 %, < 0.1 % and < 0.1 %, respectively. No mortality related to EFTR was noted.

Conclusions EFTR appears to be safe and effective for gastrointestinal lesions that are not amenable to conventional endoscopic resection. This technique should be considered as an alternative to surgery in selected cases.
Preliminary report on the safety and utility of a novel automated mechanical endoscopic tissue resection tool for endoscopic necrosectomy: a case series
Authors: van der Wiel S. E. , May A. , Poley J. W. , Grubben M. J. A. L. , Wetzka J. , Bruno M. J. , Koch A. D.
Published: April 2020

Background and study aims Endoscopic drainage of walled-off necrosis and subsequent endoscopic necrosectomy has been shown to be an effective step-up management strategy in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. One of the limitations of this endoscopic approach however, is the lack of dedicated and effective instruments to remove necrotic tissue. We aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility, safety, and clinical outcome of the EndoRotor, a novel automated mechanical endoscopic tissue resection tool, in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis.

Methods Patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis in need of endoscopic necrosectomy after initial cystogastroscopy, were treated using the EndoRotor. Procedures were performed under conscious or propofol sedation by six experienced endoscopists. Technical feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes were evaluated and scored. Operator experience was assessed by a short questionnaire.

Results Twelve patients with a median age of 60.6 years, underwent a total of 27 procedures for removal of infected pancreatic necrosis using the EndoRotor. Of these, nine patients were treated de novo. Three patients had already undergone unsuccessful endoscopic necrosectomy procedures using conventional tools. The mean size of the walled-off cavities was 117.5 ± 51.9 mm. An average of two procedures (range 1 – 7) per patient was required to achieve complete removal of necrotic tissue with the EndoRotor. No procedure-related adverse events occurred. Endoscopists deemed the device to be easy to use and effective for safe and controlled removal of the necrosis.

Conclusions Initial experience with the EndoRotor suggests that this device can safely, rapidly, and effectively remove necrotic tissue in patients with (infected) walled-off pancreatic necrosis.
Outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with left ventricular assist devices: a tertiary care experience
Authors: Taylor Caren , Bittner Krystle , Bartell Nicholas , Aranez Jose , Alexis Jeffrey D , Carlson Beth , Chen Leway , McNitt Scott , Kothari Truptesh , Kaul Vivek , Kothari Shivangi
Published: April 2020

Background and study aims Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement is a therapeutic modality for patients with end-stage heart failure. Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common complication following LVAD implantation. The aim of this study was to report our experience in management and outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding in a large cohort of patients with LVADs.

Patients and methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent LVAD implantation at the University of Rochester Medical Center from January 2008 to June 2017. Data were collected on patient characteristics, clinical aspects of gastrointestinal bleeding events, and procedural interventions. A Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to identify potential risk factors for a gastrointestinal bleeding event.

Results During the study period, 345 patients underwent LVAD implantation. Of these, 125 patients (36.2 %) experienced 297 gastrointestinal bleeding events resulting in 533 endoscopic procedures. The diagnostic yield of endoscopy in determining a bleeding source was 49.5 %. If required, therapeutic interventions were successful in achieving homeostasis in 96.2 % of procedures. Our 30-day overall post-procedure adverse event (AE) rate was 6.6 %. Procedure-related (bleeding, infection, and perforation) AEs were very minimal (2.8 %). A Cox proportional hazard model indicated that older age at implant, female sex, African-American race, diabetes mellitus, and pulmonary hypertension were statistically significant predictors of a gastrointestinal bleeding event following LVAD implantation.

Conclusions LVAD patients have a high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy was able to safely locate a bleeding lesion in approximately half of our patients and was successful in treating bleeding lesions in a majority of the cases.
Impact of balloon inflation on the insertion of endoscopic ultrasound: a prospective, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kang Jinwoo , Lee Sang Hyub , Lee Jae Woo , Jang Dong Kee , Choi Jin Ho , Choi Young Hoon , Paik Woo Hyun , Ahn Dong-Won , Jeong Ji Bong , Ryu Ji Kon , Kim Yong-Tae
Published: April 2020

Background and study aims During endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), patients may experience severe discomfort. The radial echoendoscope has a balloon around its tip. Balloon inflation prior to insertion may reduce contact injury and pharyngeal pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of balloon inflation on pharyngeal pain during insertion.

Patients and methods Patients who underwent radial EUS for pancreatobiliary disease were randomized into standard insertion or balloon-inflated insertion. The primary outcome was the proportion of moderate-to-severe pharyngeal pain. Secondary outcomes were the degree of pharyngeal pain, risk factors for moderate pharyngeal pain, procedure-related adverse events, and pharyngeal pain depending on the experience of the endoscopist.

Results A total of 481 patients were randomized into two groups: standard insertion (238) and balloon inflation (243). No statistically significant differences in proportion of moderate-to-severe pain were found (26.5 % vs. 20.2 %, P = 0.107). Balloon inflation (HR 0.65; 95 % CI (0.42–0.98, P = 0.041) was a protective factor against moderate pain. Balloon inflation reduced the proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe pain when performed by physicians with less than 3months of experience with EUS (44.7 % vs. 25.3 %, P = 0.012).

Conclusion Balloon inflation did not reduce the absolute degree of post-procedural pain with EUS, but it reduced the number of patients with moderate-to-severe pain when performed by physicians with less than 3 months of experience.
Concordância interobservadores dos métodos estáticos de avaliação dos tipos de pisada em praticantes de corrida
Authors: Macedo Rafael Rocha , Kanashiro Thiago Kazunori Neves , de Mattos Gustavo Henrique Ramalho , Alcaide Alexandre , Rodrigues Luciano Miller Reis , Dobashi Eiffel Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2020

Objetivo Avaliar a acurácia dos métodos de diagnóstico interobservadores do tipo de pisada em atletas corredores utilizando três métodos de avaliação: exame físico, podoscopia e baropodometria comparando com a medida radiográfica dos ângulos de Meary e pitch do calcâneo.

Métodos Trata-se de estudo transversal de atletas que praticam corrida. Os critérios de inclusão foram: indivídulos com idade mínima de 18 anos e máxima de 65 anos de ambos os sexos; indivídulos hígidos, sem comorbidades que interfiram no desempenho da corrida; praticantes regulares que realizam corrida ao menos duas vezes na semana; índice de massa corpórea entre 18,5 e 29,99 Kg/m2; aceitação dos termos de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE). Os critérios de não inclusão compreenderam: presença de lesões prévias ou ativas que comprometam a atividade esportiva; cirurgias prévias dos pés; obesidade. Foram selecionados 40 pacientes, sendo 29 (72,5%) do sexo masculino e 11 (27,5%) do sexo feminino cuja média das idades foi de 39 anos (mínimo de 19 anos e máximo de 61 anos). O índice de massa corpórea (IMC) dos 40 pacientes variou de 21,00 a 29,99 Kg/m2 (média de 25,48 Kg/m2 com desvio-padrão de 2,39 Kg/m2 e mediana de 25,50 Kg/m2). Excluímos os que apresentaram valor superior a 29,99 Kg/m2. A frequência de corrida variou de 2 a 5 vezes por semana (média de 3,13 vezes por semana com desvio-padrão de 0,79 vezes por semana e mediana de 3 vezes por semana). Foram realizados exame físico, podoscopia e baropodometria, e sua avaliação foi feita por quatro examinadores; além disso, os resultados foram comparados com a classificação radiográfica do tipo de pisada obtida através da mensuração dos ângulos de Meary e pitch do calcâneo.

Resultados A concordância interobservadores destes parâmetros foi verificada pelo índice de concordância de Kappa ponderado, segundo o qual obtivemos uma concordância significante entre os participantes, levando-se em consideração o exame físico, podoscopia e baropodometria e de acordo com o índice Kappa. A concordância foi marginal quando comparados os resultados dos três métodos com a classificação angular radiográfica.

Conclusão Obtivemos uma concordância excelente entre os observadores ao considerarmos o exame físico, a podoscopia e a baropodometria para o diagnóstico do tipo pisada em corredores. Porém, quando comparados os resultados obtidos com as medidas radiográficas, a concordância para o diagnóstico do tipo da pisada foi baixa.
Luxação intra-articular horizontal da patela: Relato de caso
Authors: Miranda Saulo Fouani de , Kupczik Fabiano , Schiavon Marlus Eduardo Gunia , Sbrissia Bruno , Suzuki Gustavo Yuiti Kaneko
Published: April 2020

Luxação intra-articular da patela é uma afecção incomum, podendo ocorrer deslocamento no plano horizontal ou vertical; pode se associar com lesão/ruptura do tendão do quadríceps, total ou parcial, com lesão osteocondral ou dos ligamentos colaterais. Fatores de risco são: frouxidão ligamentar, hipermobilidade patelar, patela alta e displasia troclear, e é mais comum em jovens, podendo necessitar de redução cruenta. Casos de luxação intra-articular da patela são eventos raros, sendo necessários uma suspeição diagnóstica e um manejo diferenciado. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso raro de luxação intra-articular da patela, assim como seu quadro clínico, diagnóstico, conduta e revisão da literatura.
Effects of temperature and density evolution in MHD simulations of HIT-SI
Authors: Benedett T. E. , Hansen C. J. , Morgan K. D. , Jarboe T. R.
Published: April 2020

The helicity injected torus-steady inductive (HIT-SI) experiment uses steady inductive helicity injection to form a spheromak equilibrium and sustain the structure against resistive decay. Helicity injection is performed using two half-tori “injectors” connected to the main plasma volume, whose fields are oscillated in an AC manner. The properties of the sustained spheromak equilibrium have been experimentally observed to vary with the frequency of the injector oscillation, producing higher current gains and more-symmetric and outwardly shifted current centroids with higher frequency. A computational scan of injector frequency using the 3D MHD code PSI-Tet, which models the entire HIT-SI plasma volume including the injectors, has been performed, including a comparison of the results using the full Hall MHD model to those obtained using a simplified “zero-beta” (constant temperature and density) model. The results of both PSI-Tet models are also compared with experimental data and with simulations using the NIMROD code, which does not model the injector regions. The results of the PSI-Tet simulations show that the average temperature and current gain increase with injector frequency, in agreement with experimental trends. The simulations also show qualitative changes in the dynamics of several quantities with increasing injector frequency, such as density oscillations and current evolution. However, the outward shift and symmetrizing of the current centroid, observed experimentally, are not observed in these MHD simulations, indicating that unresolved or excluded dynamics may be important.
Cathode configuration changes mode structure of transparent cathode discharges
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: April 2020

Closing the open end of a hollow grid cathode alters the transition and appearance of plasma optical emission patterns in transparent cathode discharges.
Vertical Transmission, November 2002
Authors: Ellis David
Published: April 2020

It is a great honour for me to become President of ASM and I look forward to the challenges that the next 2 years will provide.
Strategies for identifying new antimicrobial targets
Authors: S Nichols David , Sanderson Kevin , Shaw Kathleen
Published: April 2020

The increasing number of human pathogens resistant to existing classes of antibiotics has made the identification of novel antimicrobial agents a matter of urgency. The fact that no new class of broad spectrum antibiotics has been developed since the 1970s highlights the symptom that the majority of current antibiotics have been targeted against a limited number of bacterial cellular processes. These can be generally classed as inhibitors targeted against cell wall biosynthesis, DNA/RNA replication, protein synthesis or specific biochemical bottlenecks.
Proteome analysis for antimicrobial drug development and target validation
Authors: J Cordwell Stuart
Published: April 2020

Earlier this year, I provided a review of the technologies involved in studying microbial physiology using proteomics. This global analysis of protein expression can be utilised to discover novel targets for vaccines, antimicrobial therapeutics and diagnostics, as well as to determine the cellular effects and interaction partners of newly synthesized compounds. Furthermore, the technology has also been applied to comparisons of bacterial strains that differ in their resistance to commonly used antibiotics.
Immunologic effects of probiotics and human health
Authors: Gill Harsharn
Published: April 2020

The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harbours an extremely complex and diverse microbial ecosystem representing over 500 different species. While a majority of indigenous bacteria are benign or beneficial, some possess the potential to cause disease; in healthy individuals, a balance exists between these populations. In addition to nutritional and barrier functions, the intestinal microflora plays an important role in guiding the development of a balanced immune system and maintaining gut homeostasis. Perturbations in the microbial homeostasis due to factors such as antibiotic therapy, stress and infection enhances predisposition to increased risk of infectious diseases, cancers and immunoinflammatory disorders.
Probiotics and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea
Authors: V Riley Thomas , L Golledge Clayton
Published: April 2020

Clostridium difficile is now recognised as the major cause of hospital acquired infectious diarrhoea. Data from Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (SCGH) in Perth, Western Australia, is typical of many similar hospitals in developed countries. SCGH is a 600 bed adult university teaching hospital. During the period 1983 to 1992, C. difficile was detected in 917 patients who were being investigated for diarrhoeal illness. Up to 120 patients a year were infected, most of these being elderly females. Incidence rates increased from 23/100,000 occupied bed days in 1983 to 56/100,000 occupied bed days in 1990.
Australian responses to threats of bioterrorism
Authors: D Mathews John , A Smallwood Richard
Published: April 2020

Australia has been a ?lucky country?, using Donald Horne?s term from the 1960s, but without his sense of irony. Yet our world is changing fast. The 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney provided a time for national celebration. However, before the Games it was not widely known that defence and civil authorities had been working quietly to prepare for any terrorist or bioterrorist incident.
Vertical Transmission, July 2003
Authors: Ellis David
Published: April 2020

I am pleased to report that the Extraordinary General Meeting held in Adelaide on Tuesday 13 May 2003 voted unanimously to approve the establishment of a Senior Associate membership category. The postal vote results were 368 votes in favour verses 51 votes against. The National Qualifications Committee will now assess applications for Senior Associate membership. Associate members shall be eligible to apply for Senior Associate Membership if they have (a) completed the requirements of an academic qualification in microbiology at diploma level or alternative qualifications acceptable to National Council; and (b) satisfactorily completed at least five years? appropriate full-time employment, or its equivalent, after completion of their academic qualification, as a practising microbiologist. A Senior Associate Member will be eligible to have voting rights.
Fusarium wilt of cotton: a fatal fungal affliction?
Authors: Nehl David , Allen Stephen , Kochman Joseph
Published: April 2020

Fusarium wilt is one of those uncommon phenomena where something so small does so much and motivates so many. It is a virulent, new fungal pathogen which is afflicting a vibrant modern industry in the Australian rural landscape. In this review, we examine the appearance of Fusarium wilt of cotton and the substantial response by the researchers and farming communities behind Australia?s third biggest rural export commodity.
Phosphorus solubilising Penicillium spp. for agriculture
Authors: Wakelin Steven
Published: April 2020

Many Penicillium species found in soil provide vital ecosystem services such as turnover of organic matter and mineral weathering. Recently, some such species have been shown to increase the growth of plants, particularly on soils that bind phosphorus tightly. There is now interest in the exploitation of this group of Penicillium as a means to increase agricultural production. Could this be the next chapter in our exploitation of this genus?