bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Treatment of Interaction Between Laser-field and Electrons for Simulating Laser Processing of Metals
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshiyuki
Published: April 2021

Laser ablation is often simulated by the two-temperature model in which electrons are assumed to be thermirized by laser irradiation, while an explicit representation of interaction between laser-field and electrons is challenging but beneficial as being free from any adjustable parameters. Here, an ab initio method based on the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in which electron-ion dynamics under a laser field are numerically simulated is examined as a tool for simulating femtosecond laser processing of metals. Laser-induced volume expansion and ablation of Cu(111) and Ni(111) surfaces are simulated by using repeating slab models. The amount of simulated volume expansion is compared between Cu(111) and Ni(111) slabs for the same laser pulse conditions, and the Ni slab is found to expand more than the Cu slab despite the smaller thermal expansion coefficient of Ni compared with Cu. The analyzed electronic excitation and lattice motion were compared to those in the two-temperature model. The threshold fluence of Cu ablation deduced from current TDDFT approach is found to be comparable to those reported experimentally.
Unconsciously Guided Behavior With a Bias-Free Measurement of Consciousness
Authors: Koivisto Mika , Kangassalo Veera
Published: April 2021

Many researchers believe that unconscious, invisible stimuli can guide behaviour, but convincing evidence for this phenomenon is lacking. The controversy results from the difficulty of defining and measuring consciousness in an unbiased way. We utilized a bias-free 2-interval forced-choice (2IFC) paradigm to study whether orientation or color of unconscious, masked stimuli can guide behaviour. Each trial consisted of two intervals, only one of which contained the target stimulus. The observers were forced to discriminate the orientation or color of the stimulus in each interval, and in the end of the trial they made a 2IFC decision on which one of the intervals the stimulus was present. We focused on the trials in which the 2IFC decision was made incorrectly, suggesting unconsciousness of the presence of the target. In masked trials both orientation and color was discriminated with higher accuracy than expected by chance. Control trials showed that the participants followed the instructions and performed at ceiling in the 2IFC task, indicating that the specific non-perceptual cognitive requirements of the 2IFC task cannot explain the incorrect 2IFC decisions. The present results provide strong evidence for unconsciously guided behaviour. Further studies should examine the constraints of this phenomenon with the unbiased procedure.
Towards a Parsimonious Pathway Model of Modifiable and Mediating Risk Factors Leading to Diabetes Risk
Authors: Ho Yi-Ching Lynn , Lee Vivian Shu Yi , Ho Moon-Ho Ringo , Lin Gladis Jing , Thumboo Julian
Published: April 2021

Background: The development of diabetes mellitus has been closely linked to multiple risk factors, of which modifiable factors are of particular interest for disease prevention. Yet few studies have assessed the system of pathways though which risk factors lead to diabetes, and how the different groups of risk factors may interact,both as independent or mediating factors. Methods: We aimed to develop a broad pathway model for diabetes risk with modifiable lifestyle risk factors as the start point, hypothesising that Lifestyle Risk (physical inactivity, smoking, poor diet and insufficient sleep) would impact Diabetes Risk (HbA1c) through the mediating factor of Physiological Load (BMI, resting pulse rate, CRP, systolic and diastolic blood pressure). The lifestyle and physiological factors were grouped via principal components analysis and a summary index respectively. Non modifiable risk factors, such as sociodemographics were specified as covariates. We used structural equation modeling to test this model, first using Wave 5 data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), as this was the only wave that collected all indicators of interest. To fit in longitudinal data from an earlier wave (IFLS4), we further tested a smaller model with the two Lifestyle Risk indicators available. Results: Both models showed indirect effects of Lifestyle Risk on Diabetes Risk via Physiological Load, with the cross-sectional model also showing a direct effect. The effect sizes were within the range of other studies that assessed the variables separately. Conclusion: Taken together, the results support the model of an indirect effect of Lifestyle Risk on Diabetes through Physiological Load. Specifying Lifestyle Risk as an observable, composite variable incorporates the cumulative effect of risk behaviour and differentiates this study from previous studies assessing it as a latent construct. We were able to assess causality with retrospective cohort data. Finally, the parsimonious model groups and summarises the multifarious risk factors and illustrates parsimonious and modifiable pathways that could be applied in chronic disease prevention efforts.
Shared semiochemicals in a tri-trophic system benefit crop plants
Authors: Aflitto Nicholas C. , Thaler Jennifer S
Published: April 2021

Prey commonly use volatile chemicals released from predators to infer the level of danger and can enact phenotypic changes to increase their chance of survival. Because some predators emit volatiles that are also used in plant defense signaling, there is the potential for plants to also respond to predator cues. In the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, predator spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris, potato, Solanum tuberosum, system, the beetle responds to the predator aggregation semiochemical, which is comprised of predator-specific compounds and compounds that are known to be used by plants as green leaf volatile signals to induce their own defenses. Given this shared sensory cue in the system we asked the question; is the effect of the predator semiochemical on prey driven by the full predator semiochemical, or are there bioactive compounds in the blend that are also shared with the plants that are responsible for the prey behavioral changes? By fractionating the semiochemical into three treatments (full blend, shared cues, and predator only) and dispensing it in a replicated potato field with free-ranging herbivores, we found that the cues shared with the plant reduced herbivore feeding by 37 percent and the full blend by 41 percent compared to the control or predator specific fraction. Potato plants also responded to the shared cues by growing larger over the season and initiating flowering earlier, indicating that prey responses to the semiochemical could be direct or mediated by the plant’s response to the semiochemical. These findings highlight the potential utility of using shared cues for management purposes. Rather than using a semiochemical treatment that has a single target audience (i.e., the pest), we showed that a cue shared across multiple trophic levels decreased plant damage and increased growth, while eliciting anti-predation behavior in the prey.
The Impact of Time Length to Boolean Remission for Tight Disease Activity Control After Acquisition in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Yoshii Ichiro , Chijiwa Tatsumi , Sawada Naoya
Published: April 2021

Importance of time length to achieving clinical remission on disease activity control, daily activities (ADL) and quality of life (QOL) maintenance after the remission was investigated for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).In patients who achieved remission once or more, relationship between time length from initiation to achieve remission (TL) and patients’ background data at baseline, and relationship between TL and mean simplified disease activity score (SDAI), modified Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) score, pain score with visual analog scale (PS-VAS), Sharp/van der Heijde Score (SHS) and quality of life score (QOLS) at the first remission and thereafter were evaluated statistically. Patients were divided into two groups whether TL was within 6 months or longer (G≤6 and G>6). Change of the parameters and Boolean remission rate (BRR) after the first remission between the two groups were compared statistically.In 465 patients, TL correlated significantly with the SDAI score, the HAQ score, PS-VAS, SHS, and the QOLS after the remission. The SDAI score and the BRR after the first remission were significantly better in the G≤6 than in the G>6.TL is an important key to guarantee good disease activity control, ADL and QOL.
Using Medtronic AP360 Mechanical Prosthesis in Mitral Valve Replacement for Patients with Mitral Insufficiency After Primum Atrial Septal Defect Repair to Reduce Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction Risk
Authors: Guo Lei , Yang Qiqi , Han Yu , Zheng Junnan , Ni Yiming
Published: April 2021

Background: Atrial septal defect is one of the most common congenital heart diseases in adults. Primum atrial septal defect (PASD) accounts for 4% to 5% of congenital heart defects. Patients with PASD frequently suffer mitral insufficiency, and thus, mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) or mitral valve replacement (MVR) is often required at the time of PASD repair. Unfortunately, recurrent unrepairable severe mitral regurgitation can develop in many patients undergoing PASD repair plus MVP in either short- or long-term after the repair surgery, requiring a re-do MVR. In those patients, risk of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) has increased.Case presentation: We present 5 such cases who were aged from 24 to 47 years and had a PASD repair plus MVP or MVR for 14 to 40 years, suffering moderate to severe mitral regurgitation. Using Medtronic AP360 mechanical mitral prostheses, only one patient occurred mild LVOTO. Conclusions: Usage of Medtronic AP360 mechanical mitral prostheses to perform MVR in patients with MI who had a PASD repair history can potentially reduce the risk of LVOTO. Long-term follow-up is required to further confirm this clinical benefit associated with AP360 implantation in patients with PASD.
Enhanced Lignin Biodegradation by Consortium of White rot Fungi: Microbial Synergistic Effects and Product Mapping
Authors: Cui Tangwu , Yuan Bo , Guo Haiwei , Tian Hua , Wang Weimin , Ma Yingqun , Li Changzhi , Fei Qiang
Published: April 2021

Background : As one of the major components in lignocellulosic biomass, lignin has been considered as the most abundant renewable aromatic feedstock in the world. Featuring with mild conditions and diversity, biological degradation of lignin is a promising approach comparing with thermal or catalytic ones. Results : In this study, a consortium of white rot fungi composed of Lenzites betulina and Trametes versicolor was employed in order to enhance the ligninolytic enzyme activity of laccase (Lac) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) under microbial synergism. The maximum enzymatic activity of Lac and MnP was individually 18.06 U·mL-1 and 13.58 U·mL-1 along with a lignin degradation rate of 50%, which were achieved from batch cultivation of the consortium. The activity of Lac and MnP obtained from the consortium was all improved more than 40%, compared with monocultures of L. betulina or T. versicolor under the same culture condition. Our findings of enhanced biodegradation were in accordance with the results observed from scanning electron microscope (SEM) and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Finally, the analysis of heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) provided a comprehensive product mapping of the lignin biodegradation, suggesting that the lignin has undergone depolymerization of the macromolecules, side-chain cleavage, and aromatic ring-opening reactions. Conclusions : Our results revealed a considerable escalation on the enzymatic activities obtained in a short period from the cultivation of the L. betulina or T. versicolor due to the enhanced microbial synergistic effects, providing a potential bioconversion route for the applications of lignin utilization.
Are Wearable Devices Effective for Preventing and Detecting Falls: An Umbrella Review (A Review of Systematic Reviews)
Authors: Warrington Daniel Joseph , Shortis Elizabeth , Whittaker Paula Jane
Published: April 2021

Background: Falls are a common and serious health issue facing the global population, causing an estimated 646,000 deaths per year globally. Wearable devices typically combine accelerometers, gyroscopes and even barometers; using the data collected and inputting this into an algorithm that decides whether a fall has occurred. The purpose of this umbrella review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the systematic reviews on the effectiveness of wearable electronic devices for falls detection in adults.Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), and CINAHL, were searched from their inceptions until April 2019 for systematic reviews that assessed the accuracy of wearable technology in the detection of falls.Results: Seven systematic reviews were included in this review. Due to heterogeneity between the included systematic reviews in their methods and their reporting of results, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Most devices tested used accelerometers, often in combination with gyroscopes. Three systematic reviews reported an average sensitivity of 93.1% or greater and an average specificity of 86.4% or greater for the detection of falls. Placing sensors on the trunk, foot or leg appears to provide the highest accuracy for falls detection, with multiple sensors increasing the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of these devices. Conclusions: This review demonstrated that wearable device technology offers a low-cost and accurate way to effectively detect falls and summon for help. There are significant differences in the effectiveness of these devices depending on the type of device and its placement. Further high-quality research is needed to confirm the accuracy of these devices in frail older people in real-world settings.
Prognostic Value of Fibrinogen in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Prediabetes or Diabetes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Five-year Findings From a Large Cohort Study
Authors: Yuan Deshan , Jiang Ping , Zhu Pei , Jia Sida , Zhang Ce , Liu Yue , Liu Ru , Xu Jingjing , Tang Xiaofang , Zhao Xueyan , Gao Runlin , Yang Yuejin , Xu Bo , Gao Zhan , Yuan Jinqing
Published: April 2021

Background: Fibrinogen (FIB) is an independent risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular events in the general population. However, the relationship between FIB and long-term mortality among CAD patients undergoing PCI remains unclear, especially in individuals complicated with diabetes mellitus (DM) or prediabetes (Pre-DM). Methods: 6,140 patients with CAD undergoing PCI were included in the study and subsequently divided into three groups according to FIB levels (FIB-L, FIB-M, FIB-H). These patients were further grouped by glycemic status [normoglycemia (NG), Pre-DM, DM]. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The secondary endpoint was cardiac mortality. Results: FIB was positively associated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in CAD patients with and without DM (P <0.001). During a median follow-up of 5.1 years, elevated FIB was significantly associated with long-term all-cause mortality (adjusted HR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.28-2.69; P=0.001) and cardiac mortality (adjusted HR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.15-2.89; P=0.011). Similarly, patients with DM, but not Pre-DM, had increased risk of all-cause and cardiac mortality compared with NG group (all P<0.05). When grouped by both FIB levels and glycemic status, diabetic patients with medium and high FIB levels had higher risk of mortality [(adjusted HR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.12-5.89), (adjusted HR: 3.04; 95% CI: 1.35-6.82), all P<0.05]. Notably, prediabetic patients with high FIB also had higher mortality risk (adjusted HR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.01-5.12). Conclusions: FIB was strongly associated with long-term all-cause and cardiac mortality among CAD patients undergoing PCI, especially in those with DM and Pre-DM. FIB test may help to identify high-risk individuals in this specific population.
Quantification of Vortex Flow in Pulmonary Arteries of Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Kamada Hiroki , Ota Hideki , Nakamura Masanori , Sun Wenyu , Aoki Tatsuo , Sato Haruka , Sugimura Koichiro , Takase Kei
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This study proposes an objective method of quantifying the vortex flow in pulmonary arteries to compare the duration of its presence before and after balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods: Thoracic 4D-flow magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 28 CTEPH patients before and after BPA. Planes were set in pulmonary arteries to evaluate volume flow rate (VFR), the duration, and area of backward flow in the pulmonary trunk, which is a component of the vortex flow. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the peak of the time course of VFR of backward flow was assessed to quantify the duration of the vortical flow. Results: Although overall flow patterns after BPA appeared to be the same as the one before BPA, significant decreases in the FWHM, area, and VFR of the backward flow after BPA were found (FWHM: before, 1.88×10-1 ± 1.51×10-2 [cardiac cycle] vs. after, 1.65×10-1 ± 1.86×10-2 [cardiac cycle]; area ratio: before, 2.67×10-1 ± 1.30×10-2 vs. after, 2.38×10-1 ± 1.31×10-2; VFR: before, 13.6±2.21 [mL/s] vs. after, 11.3±2.36 [mL/s]). Conclusion: BPA promoted significant decreases in the FWHM, area, and VFR of backward flow in the pulmonary trunk, thereby facilitating efficient blood transport. The tendencies for these changes were to be larger for cases where BPA more greatly decreased the pressure. The results suggest that the FWHM, area, and VFR are useful indicators for the noninvasive evaluation of the therapeutic effects of BPA.
Clinical Analysis of restrictive strabismus secondary to ophthalmic surgery
Authors: Guo Lili , Zhao Zhihua , Miao Zequn , Ouyang Qianru , Xu Xin , Wang Lejin
Published: April 2021

Background: This study aimed to report the clinical characteristics and surgical methods of restrictive strabismus secondary to ophthalmic surgery. Methods: This retrospective case series covered 14 restrictive strabismus cases secondary to ophthalmic surgery. After evaluation of the clinical history and the basic ophthalmological findings, the following parameters were examined: squint angles (prism with alternative cover test, Krimsky’s test or Maddox cross), ocular motility, duction test and the forced duction test. All paitients underwent surgery, the strabismus surgery included the excision of adhesions and scar tissue, adhesiolysis, medial and lateral ligaments separated, repositioning of extraocular muscles (according to the degree of deviations). We described the clinical characteristics and evaluated the surgical results in strabismus eyes. Results: All patients were satisfied with the results of surgery, obtained anatomical reduction and partial functional recovery. In nine cases with preoperative diplopia, eight cases had no diplopia after surgery and one patient’s diplopia disappeared after the secondary surgery. The other five cases without preoperative diplopia, but had restricted ocular motility, which improved significantly than before surgery. Conclusions: Orbital surgery, trauma, conjunctival surgery, strabismus surgery and so on, can lead to secondary restrictive strabismus surgery. Strabismus surgical treatments including the full removal of the muscles around the scar, adhesiolysis, medial and lateral ligaments separated, eye muscle surgery, can provide excellent results and patient’s satisfaction.
Effect of LiNbO3 on the Electrocaloric Performance of 0.94BNT-0.06BT Ceramic Materials
Authors: Chen Jing , Wu lei , Duan Luanfan , Liu Dongren
Published: April 2021

Considering that the electric refrigeration temperature range of 0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramic materials is 100 ~ 140℃, the electric refrigeration performance of the 0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramic material system was modified by LiNbO3 doping to reduce the cooling temperature. As a result, the refrigeration temperature range of the 0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramic material system was lowered to 25 ~ 80℃, achieving its cooling effect near room temperature, and in this temperature range, the adiabatic temperature changes ∆T > 0.6K.
The association between serum uric acid and controlled attenuation parameter in United States adults without hepatitis B and C: a cross-sectional study
Authors: He Mingming , Chen Lihong , Wang Yu , Ma Haijun
Published: April 2021

Background: Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a kind of widespread popular parameter to evaluate various types of hepatic steatosis by liver ultrasound transient elastography. We investigated the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and CAP without hepatitis B and C virus-infected in the United States adults, data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Methods: The present study was cross-sectional research. 4319 American men and women participants ≥18 years old, without B and C hepatitis, were included in our analysis. There are some measures to evaluate the association between SUA and CAP by multivariate logistic regression analyses, fit smoothing curves, generalized additive models, two-piecewise linear regression model and subgroup analyses.Results: There was a positive association between the value of SUA and CAP by multivariate logistic regression analyses after adjusting for various confounders. Besides, the inflection point of non-linear curve relationship was identified as 4.3 mg/dL, for SUA <4.3 mg/dL, the effect size is 10.6 (P< 0.01); Correspondingly, SUA≥ 4.3 mg/dL, the effect size is 4.3 (P< 0.01).Finally, SUA was positively associated with glycohemoglobin less than 6.5% individuals (β =7.3, P< 0.01) and Fasting glucose less than 7.0 mmol/L individuals (β = 6.8, P< 0.01) in the subgroup analysis. Conclusions: Our research found the relationship between SUA and CAP is non-linear. Subgroup analysis indicated that the positive association between SUA and CAP were showed in non-diabetic patients but not in diabetic.
Determinants of School Attendance in 6841 Elementary School Students in Japan: a Structural Equation Model
Authors: Nakamura-Thomas Hiromi , Sano Nobuyuki , Maciver Donald
Published: April 2021

Background: Managing school nonattendance is a priority worldwide. We aimed to explore students’ feelings and perceptions about attending school and the potential determinants of a positive attitude towards attending school. Methods: We hypothesized that a positive attitude towards attending school was influenced by positive relationships with friends and school teachers, positive perceptions of current circumstances, and positive subjective health. An original questionnaire was developed and distributed in Japan. To capture how children felt about attending school, the item wording was “I am looking forward to going to my school.” To capture positive relationships with friends and school teachers, items were positively worded, including “I get along well with friends” and “school teachers approve of my efforts.” To capture positive perceptions of current circumstances, items were positively worded, including “I am able to prepare for classes by my own” and “I am proud of myself.” For positive subjective health, selected items were “my health status,” “I get tired easily” and “I have anxieties and/or worries.” We analyzed data from 6841 elementary school children in the 5th year in Japan using a structural equation model. We examined the model using the comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA).Results: The final model obtained 0.055 for RMSEA, 0.933 for CFI, and 0.923 for TLI. Children’s positive views towards attending school were directly related to positive relationships with friends and school teachers (the path coefficient value was 0.465), positive perception of current circumstances (0.074), and positive subjective health (0.187). Conclusions: This study found that positive relationships with friends and school teachers were significantly and positively associated with children looking forward to attending school. Positive health status and a positive perception of current circumstances were also significant, but the relationship was not as strong.
Contrasting SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in Singapore: Cohort studies in migrant workers and the general population
Authors: Clapham Hannah E , Chia Wan Ni , Tan Linda Wei Lin , Kumar Vishakha , Lim Jane M , Shankar Nivedita , Tun Zaw Myo , Zahari Marina , Hsu Li Yang , Sun Louisa J , Wang Linfa , Tam Clarence C
Published: April 2021

From January 2020, Singapore implemented comprehensive measures to suppress SARS-CoV-2. Community transmission has been limited, although explosive outbreaks have occurred in migrant worker dormitories. We conducted longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 serology studies among 478 residents of a SARS-CoV-2 affected migrant worker dormitory between May and July 2020, and 937 community-dwelling adult Singapore residents with sera collected before September 2019 and in November/December 2020. By end 2020, <2 per 1000 (0.16%, 95% CrI: 0.008% - 0.72%) adult residents in the community were infected with SARS-CoV-2, approximately 4 times higher than the national notified case incidence. In contrast, in the migrant worker cohort, nearly two-thirds 63.8% (95% CrI: 57.9% - 70.3%) had been infected by July 2020; no symptoms were reported in >90% of these infections. SARS-CoV-2 suppression is feasible with rapid implementation of comprehensive control measures. However, the risk of large-scale epidemics in densely-populated environments requires specific consideration in preparedness planning.
Personalized metabolic profile by synergic use of NMR and HRMS
Authors: Petrella Greta , Montesano Camilla , Lentini Sara , Ciufolini Giorgia , Vanni Domitilla , Speziale Roberto , Salonia Andrea , Montorsi Francesco , Summa Vincenzo , Vago Riccardo , Orsatti Laura , Monteagudo Edith , Cicero Daniel
Published: April 2021

A new strategy that takes advantage of the synergism between NMR and LC-HRMS (SYNHMET), and that allows to obtain a unique list of the absolute concentrations of 164 metabolites in urine, is presented. Metabolite identification and quantification by this method in one of the most difficult biofluids to characterize, due to complexity and variability, is more accurate than what can be obtained using the two techniques separately. This result is achieved without the need for chemical reactions to cross-check the data between the two types of spectra, nor the use of analytical standards and calibration curves. The fact that the absolute rather than relative concentration is obtained allows the final dataset to be used to determine a patient's personalized profile. The number of quantifiable metabolites by the application of this method can be expanded in the future with further analysis. We will illustrate the use of SYNHMET in the study of urine samples from healthy subjects, patients with chronic cystitis and bladder cancer.
Image of social and religious security in the region of the Russian-Chinese border in foreign scientific literature
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Romanova N. , Kononov S. ,   Far Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School named after Marshal of the Soviet Union K. K. Rokossovsky, Zhukov А. ,   Transbaikal State University, Zhukova А. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study is to resolve the contradiction between understanding the social security of regions as security within the framework of a single Russian social space, and understanding it as an indicator of the autonomy of regions. The study uses a modeling method that makes it possible to synthesize the provisions on the social security of Russian regions within the framework of the concepts of their “unity” and “regionality”. The result of the conducted research is the formation of a dynamic model of social security of Russian regions, within the framework of which the process of continuous construction of normative and value concepts, instilled in the regional community through the surrounding society’s influence, as well as social agreements aimed at achieving conjunction within the social space of Russian regions, is taking place. The second result is the definition of the social security of Russian regions as a process in which, depending on the situational influence of objective and subjective factors, either centrifugal or regional trends prevail. The third result is the statement that, for a long time, despite the significant difference in the civilizational nature of the regions, the Russian social space remains intact, which indicates the prevalence of unifying tendencies and the lack of desire in Russian regions to leave the all-Russian social space
Current aspects of managing the bank’s cash liquidity in terms of minimizing cash circulation
Authors:   Ural state University of Economics,, Prokofieva E.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of the banks’ participation in improving the efficiency of the organization of cash circulation, which does not lose its relevance in the modern economy. In the current situation, despite the growth in the volume and share of non-cash payments, the demand for cash is characterized by stability. The article focuses on the features, advantages and disadvantages of the reducing cash circulation process. It is noted that the primary impact on cash circulation is made by settlements made by individuals. In this regard, the study focuses on the fundamental changes in this direction that are taking place in the banking sector. This is, first of all, the reduction of cash withdrawals from plastic cards and the growth of non-cash payments with their use, the lack of growth of the card market; increase in electronic terminals and reduce the number of ATMs installed. At the same time, it is emphasized that one of the main areas that determine both the liquidity and profitability of the bank is the regulation of cash balances. With the number of banks operating in the economy shrinking, the struggle for customers is becoming more acute. The satisfaction of the latter with the quality of the bank’s services, including in terms of settlement liquidity, should be considered as one of the primary factors that ensure the effectiveness of a significant number of banking operations. In this context, special attention is paid to the specifics of the bank’s actions to optimize cash flows, which requires the use of specialized automatic systems that allow processing data on cash balances and turnover to form forecasts that optimize the collection schedule and reduce ATM downtime due to lack of funds
NEO-PLEISTOCENE MINERALOGY MORAINES AND MORAINE-LIKE SEDIMENTS OF THE MORDOVIA TERRITORY
Authors:   National Research Mordovian State University named after N. P. Ogarev, Runkov S. , Maskaikin V. ,   National Research Mordovian State University named after N. P. Ogarev
Published: April 2021

The results of the mineralogical composition study of moraines and moraine-like deposits in the territory of Mordovia are presented. The material has been studied on a fine sand fraction of 0.25–0.1 mm according to the method used in the Scientific Research Laboratory of the latest deposits and paleogeography of the Pleistocene in the Lomonosov Moscow State University. The samples were taken during field work carried out on the eastern periphery of the area of the Neo-Pleistocene glaciations of the Don glacial zone. New field data on Quaternary glaciations in the Don River basin region and in the Middle Volga region cause a significant aggravation of discussions, which often leads to a revision of the age of moraine horizons and consequently the justification of new paleogeographic reconstructions and stratigraphic constructions. The varying degree of geological knowledge of the region makes it difficult to compare the sections of the latest deposits. In this regard, the problems of the number and age of glaciations are particularly relevant. It requires a more reasonable determination of the remote sources position of debris removal, knowledge of the mechanisms of the peripheral ice sheets’ impact on landscapes and clarification of the boundaries of their distribution. Detailed lithological data on glacial deposits can also be useful for geologists-surveyors and the needs of many sectors of the national economy. The final goal of the work is to reconstruct the paleogeographic conditions of the glacial formations on the territory of Mordovia, the number, age and distribution boundaries of the cover glaciations on the basis of the conjugate approach. A comprehensive study of the glacial and interglacial strata will allow to revise the previous ideas on the stratigraphy and paleogeography of the region in the future. Therefore, the results of processing data on the mineralogy of moraines and moraine-like deposits are cons
IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY AND COUNTERACTION OF CORRUPTION OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA FOR THE TRANSBAIKAL REGION, AS A POLITICAL PROCESS
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Beydina Т. , Pogulich O. ,   Transbaikal State University, Durov Yа. ,   Transbaikal State University, Novikova А. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: April 2021

The article is relevant, since it provides an assessment of anti-corruption policy as a political process at the regional and local levels. Purpose of the article: to identify the stages of the political process on anti-corruption policy focused on the prevention of the negative consequences of corruption. The levels of the political process, as substantiated in the article, are associated with the development of socio-economic and political differences between regions. The identification of these levels is the scientific novelty of this study. In the modern period, there is a crisis of international relations, globalization and the strengthening of national trends, including in the dynamics of the development of political processes. The fight against terrorism, the COVID-19 epidemic, environmental problems, and anti-corruption policies are not united in a global perspective, but “disintegrate” into national apartments and become problems of individual countries, not the entire modern community. This is the specificity of the political process at the global and national levels. The article is devoted to the problems of managing economic security, and combating corruption of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Transbaikal Region (hereinafter UEBiPK UMVD of Russia for the Transbaikal Region), further which is part of the police. This organization is an operational subdivision that carries out, within its competence, operational-search activities directed against crimes in relation to state power, the interests of the civil service and service in local government bodies. The specificity of the activities of the UEBiPK UMVD of Russia for the Transbaikal Region is the identification and documentation of economic, corruption malfeasance, as well as the implementation of operational support for anti-corruption policy. Anti-corruption policy as a political process in the Transbaikal Region is unstable, taking into account the cross-border specifics and has four levels: detection, response, prevention and evaluation of effectiveness. This conclusion is a scientific achievement of the authors. In addition, the author analyzes the political stability that is necessary for the implementation of the anti-corruption policy of the Transbaikal Region. The main thrust of this policy is economic crimes committed using information and communication technologies. The article describes the effectiveness of anti-corruption policy in the Transbaikal Territory
Methodology for modeling ore deposits in the GIS Micromine
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Manikovsky P. , Vasyutich L. ,   Transbaikal State University, Sidorova G. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: April 2021

The information about the generally accepted methods of modeling mineral deposits into a step-by-step methodology is systematized in the article. The method of modeling the geological structure of ore deposits of minerals in the mining and geological information system Micromine based on geological exploration data is considered step by step. As a result of the modeling process, the specialist receives a block model of the mineral. The most common way of interpreting an ore body based on geological profiles is covered gradually. The article describes the algorithm for constructing a geological model, which includes importing data into the Micromine GIS environment, and their visualization in gradual mode: creating a database of exploration wells, displaying their mouths and trajectories, and selecting ore intervals in accordance with the requirements of the State Commission on reserves. The obtained ore intervals are used for interpreting data on vertical sections, combining contours of ore bodies and building their frame models, as well as creating an empty block model and interpolating laboratory testing data into it. The authors do not consider the method of modeling coal deposits and the method of conditional modeling. Suggestions are made on the subject of future research in terms of describing methods for modeling reservoir deposits and conditional modeling
NESCO World Heritage Sites as a key for intercultural dialogue, humanist ideals and interfaith harmony
Authors:   Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Belekova А.
Published: April 2021

The article focuses on promoting intercultural cooperation and strengthening international community on the example of UNESCO World Heritage sites, inscribed into the World Heritage List that is being formed on the basis of the World Heritage Convention of 1972. UNESCO is a universal intergovernmental UN structure responsible for international cooperation in the sphere of education, science, culture and communication. One of the main activities of the Organization is the world heritage conservation and intercultural dialogue. The article analyzes the UNESCO role in the geopolitical architectonics of Eurasia in which the World Heritage gains a qualitatively new meaning. In the context of a sustainable development the integration of promoting intercultural interaction and heritage safeguarding becomes particularly urgent. The article deals with several initiatives aimed at enhancing the cultural component of the Eurasian integration, including the goals and perspectives of discussion platforms set up for experience exchange in the sphere of World Heritage sites’ conservation and their management. The article seeks to identify the most important challenges and goals of the cooperation strategy between UNESCO and the institutions concerned in the field of the intercultural dialogue promotion in the Eurasian area that seems to be very important both for Russia and the CIS countries, and for the perspectives of the emerging global civilization of the future
Political parties of the “new” subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District on the eve of the start of a new electoral cycle
Authors:   Buryat State University named after D. Banzarov, Budaev B. , Badmatsyrenov T. ,   Buryat State University named after D. Banzarov
Published: April 2021

The article examines the main features of the development of regional party systems in the Republic of Buryatia and the Transbaikal Territory. The authors’ attention is drawn to the conditions for the development of the political system of these regions on the eve of their entry into the Far Eastern Federal District. From the point of view of the authors, the process of transition of the Republic of Buryatia and the Transbaikal Territory was determined not only by the desire to increase the number of residents of the Far Eastern Federal District, but also by the desire to reverse the deteriorating political situation in the regions of Eastern Siberia. The drop in the ratings of regional heads, the weakening of the positions of the regional branches of the parties in power, against the background of the crisis in the economy, all this as a whole reduced the possibilities of managing the region from the federal center. The transition of the regions to the Far Eastern Federal District was to be supported by new financial injections, which was supposed to stabilize the regional party systems. In this situation, it becomes interesting how close the regional party systems of the Republic of Buryatia and the Transbaikal Territory are, how close they are to the electoral indicators of the Far Eastern Federal District. The solution of what internal problems are typical for them will contribute to the effective development of regional party systems on the ground. The authors note that in the Republic of Buryatia and the Transbaikal Territory, regional branches of the parties in power on the eve of the “transition” experienced a serious political crisis. This circumstance was actively used by the opposition, which managed to increase its influence in regional parliaments. At the same time, the leaders of the opposition put at the forefront not party interests, but personal ones. Partized in the early 2000 the regional political system, again began to return to the system of patronage-client relations, built on mutual benefit. The party system of the regions began to slowly degrade. The transfer of subjects to the Far Eastern Federal District should help to stabilize the local party system. The new heads of regions, who managed to straddle financial flows, managed to consolidate the political elite around themselves and build relatively stable, even relations with the opposition
Innovation capability of the company: the roles of leadership and error management
Authors: Bundtzen Hennings , Hinrichs Gerriet
Published: April 2021

Extensive research has been conducted promoting empowerment, inclusive decision making, and self-determination by employees. However, where does an organization initiate change if employees stay in their comfort zone and rather have a work-to-rule mentality? They just do not take over responsibility and the power they are given. The inductive case study involved first-hand data about leader-member exchange and corporate culture. A qualitative research approach was selected by employing personal construct psychology to receive an unbiased cultural view of employees and leaders interacting. A sample of 61 repertory grid structured interviews with 21 leaders and 40 employees produced 782 unique personal assessment criteria. The applied methodology allows a quantitative analysis of these assessments in association with leadership, error management, and employees' proactive behavior. This unusual psychological-based approach chosen as intuitive interviews predicated on personal construct psychology is unlikely to provoke socially desirable or questionnaire-driven results. Based on the case study findings, a systematic review of contemporary scientific literature was conducted to generate broadly applicable results. The final qualitative synthesis included 41 research articles relevant to the investigated topic. Theoretical and empirical results allowed concluding that leadership vulnerability supports error management and employees' psychological safety. These combinations are prerequisites to proactive behavior. Additional preconditions to proactivity are employee resilience and organizational commitment. This article's results could give practical recommendations in case organizations lack the proactive behavior of their workforce. Finally, this article advocates further research on vulnerability in leadership and managers communicating their own weaknesses and mistakes as it is an underrepresented area in current scientific literature.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF JACKET FOUNDATIONS FOR OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES IN TRANSITIONAL WATER
Authors:   College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Fowai Issa , Jianhua Zhang , Sun Ke ,   College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China, Wang Bin ,   Powerchina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited
Published: April 2021

Most of the offshore wind turbines (OWT) recently installed in Europe, China and North America are in shallow water. However, unlocking the full potential of OWT lies in deeper waters. Jacket substructures have presented themselves as a reliable foundation concept for transitional water depth. This study focuses on the structural static and dynamic analysis of the traditional jacket substructures (with X and K bracing) and the recently patented three-legged twisted jackets (with a twisted angle of 30 and 60 degrees) for deployment in transitional water (beyond 60 m). To facilitate comparison, the dimensions of all the jackets remain the same, while, the geometric configurations are distinct. Static analysis was implemented to better understand the global load bearing behaviour of the jackets. First, the global displacement patterns at the tower top are compared. The individual reactions at mud-line were investigated, followed by the evaluation of the maximum von Mises stress. Subsequently, this research went on to investigate the effect of dynamic loading. In this dynamic analysis, three main critical points were considered, including the wave point (67 m), the platform and the tower top. A modal analysis was performed to compute the mode shapes and natural frequencies for all the jackets. The first five modes of all the jackets were also checked against the results available for the OC4 project. A similar analytical approach was adopted for the structural design of monopile or tripod foundations for offshore wind turbines. The results showed that in the static analysis both the traditional jackets and the twisted jackets were safe under the provided load combination. The twisted jacket proved to possess excellent structural behaviour compared to the traditional four-legged jackets, while maintaining the merits of lower material usage with fewer nodes. Analysing the von Mises stress revealed that the maximum stress occurred at the transition piece and close to the working platform. The modal analysis results of the jackets demonstrated that the twisted jackets (30 and 60 degrees) with the first natural frequency of 0.29 and 0.31 Hz fell under the soft-stiff design category whereas the traditional four-legged jackets were classified as stiff-stiff designs. The discovered structural performance of OWTs equipped with various jacket foundations contributes to the preliminary structural selection and optimal design of foundations of OWTs to be installed in transitional water.