bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Factors of Literacy Achievement in Young Gifted Children in Rural Schools
Authors: El-Abd Maria , Callahan Carolyn , Azano Amy
Published: April 2019

The present study investigated predictive factors of literacy achievement in third-grade students identified as gifted in rural schools. The sample consisted of 180 identified students in a total of eight districts, three of which were randomly assigned to the treatment condition and five of which were randomly assigned to the control condition. Students in the treatment condition received instruction with a place-based folklore unit of the Challenge Leading to Engagement, Achievement, and Results (CLEAR) curriculum, a language arts based curriculum designed to challenge gifted learners, in addition to an intervention promoting an incremental mind-set. Results of the present study indicated that prior achievement, mind-set, and gender were all statistically and practically significant predictors of literacy achievement for students identified as gifted in rural areas. A stronger incremental mind-set was associated with lower literacy achievement scores. Practical implications and recommendations, as well as limitations and directions for further research, were discussed.
Suppression of inflammation by ethanol extract of Clausena lansium via modulation of TLR4/MYD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Huang Guihong , Li Juan , Li Wanlian , Liu Tianxu , Jiang Guojun , Wu Ting , Zou Yong , Huang Junhe , Tao Liqun , Zhu Zhaoming , Yue Jiakui , Zhang Xiaoling , Xiao Shengjun
Published: April 2019

The fruit and root of Clausena lansium are remedy for bronchitis in oriental traditional medicine. Extracts from Clausena lansium are reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. This study is designed to investigate whether the ethanol extract of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels could inhibit the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammatory in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the underlining mechanisms. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are used to detect the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) protein and expression of TNF-α mRNA, respectively. RT-PCR and Western blotting are used to determine the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, MYD88, and TRAF6, respectively. The extract of Clausena lansium suppressed the expression and secretion of TNF-α, which is released by RAW 264.7 cells after LPS induction. Meanwhile, the expression of TLR4, MYD88, and TRAF6 are decreased by extracts from Clausena lansium. Meanwhile, NBP2-29328, an inhibitor of MYD88, synergistically enhances the inhibiting effect of extract from Clausena lansium. The results imply that ethanol extract from Clausena lansium attenuate macrophage-mediated inflammation and TLR4/MYD88/TRAF6 pathway is its potential target.
Nurses' Attitudes Toward the Use of an Electronic Health Information System in a Developing Country
Authors: Salameh Basma , Eddy Linda L. , Batran Ahmad , Hijaz Asma , Jaser Shorook
Published: April 2019

The electronic-based documentation system is considered a major transformation in health care in many hospitals worldwide. Successful implementation of the system makes nurses' jobs easier, saves time, and improves the quality of care that is delivered to patients. However, little is known about the adoption of electronic health information systems in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to understand and evaluate nurses' acceptance and attitudes about implementation of an electronic health information system in Palestinian hospitals. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 191 nurses in three governmental hospitals in Palestine. A majority of these nurses understood the need for and accepted the computer-based documentation as demonstrated by their scores on the attitude questionnaire. Inclusion of nurses in early phases of planning and implementation is important. Other developing countries can learn from the Palestinian experience with implementation of electronic health records.
A study on the formation process of the two characters ‘䉼, 剬’ shown in Kehong yinyi 可洪音义
Authors: Lee Kyoo-Kap
Published: April 2019

Although the two characters ‘䉼, 剬’ appearing in Kehong yinyi are originally regular scripts by themselves, they are used as variant forms of the characters ‘料’ and ‘制’, respectively, in this book. As such, the character shapes of variant forms appear the same as the regular scripts of other characters in many cases. This paper describes how these variant forms are made.
Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance Is Revealed as a Multi-step Process by Studies of the SET-Domain Proteins SET-25 and SET-32
Authors: Woodhouse Rachel M , Ashe Alyson
Published: April 2019

It is now clear that heredity is not determined purely by Mendelian genetic inheritance; sometimes, epigenetic signals can be passed from parent to progeny for multiple generations. This phenomenon is termed transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI), and examples have now been observed in multiple organisms including plants, flies, mice, and nematodes. Here we discuss the recent findings that TEI is a multi-step process and that the putative chromatin modifiers SET-25 and SET-32 are important in the establishment but not maintenance of silencing.
Role of medical and molecular imaging in COPD
Authors: Myc Lukasz A. , Shim Yun M. , Laubach Victor E. , Dimastromatteo Julien
Published: April 2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is expected to climb on the podium of the leading causes of mortality worldwide in the upcoming decade. Clinical diagnosis of COPD has classically relied upon detecting irreversible airflow obstruction on pulmonary function testing as a global assessment of pulmonary physiology. However, the outcome is still not favorable to decrease mortality due to COPD. Progress made in both medical and molecular imaging fields are beginning to offer additional tools to address this clinical problem. This review aims to describe medical and molecular imaging modalities used to diagnose COPD and to select patients for appropriate treatments and to monitor response to therapy.
Two Tales of Song-Dynasty Painted Fans
Authors: Weitz Ankeney
Published: April 2019

Chinese painted fans from the Song dynasty survive in relatively large numbers owing to the protective brocade mounts in which later collectors placed them. At the time of their initial production, however, fan paintings were meant to be held in the hand and worn on the body. This two-part article first considers the contexts of production, consumption, and signification of painted fans in twelfth- and thirteenth-century China, particularly in the urban setting of the capital city at Hangzhou. It then turns to the painted fans' transformation into collectibles in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, with attention given to the aesthetic, political, and social nostalgia of the Song-Yuan transition, which continues to flavor the reception of these images down to the present day.
Supracellular migration – beyond collective cell migration
Authors: Shellard Adam , Mayor Roberto
Published: April 2019

Collective cell migration is a highly complex process in which groups of cells move together. A fundamental question is how cell ensembles can migrate efficiently. In some cases, the group is no more than a collection of individual cells. In others, the group behaves as a supracellular unit, whereby the cell group could be considered as a giant ‘supracell’, the concept of which was conceived over a century ago. The development of recent tools has provided considerable evidence that cell collectives are highly cooperative, and their migration can better be understood at the tissue level, rather than at the cell level. In this Review, we will define supracellular migration as a type of collective cell migration that operates at a scale higher than the individual cells. We will discuss key concepts of supracellular migration, review recent evidence of collectives exhibiting supracellular features and argue that many seemingly complex collective movements could be better explained by considering the participating cells as supracellular entities.
Emerging novel agents for patients with advanced Ewing sarcoma: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) New Agents for Ewing Sarcoma Task Force
Authors: Bailey Kelly , Cost Carrye , Davis Ian , Glade-Bender Julia , Grohar Patrick , Houghton Peter , Isakoff Michael , Stewart Elizabeth , Laack Nadia , Yustein Jason , Reed Damon , Janeway Katherine , Gorlick Richard , Lessnick Stephen , DuBois Steven , Hingorani Pooja
Published: April 2019

Ewing sarcoma is a small round blue cell malignancy arising from bone or soft tissue and most commonly affects adolescents and young adults. Metastatic and relapsed Ewing sarcoma have poor outcomes and recurrences remain common. Owing to the poor outcomes associated with advanced disease and the need for a clear research strategy, the Children’s Oncology Group Bone Tumor Committee formed the New Agents for Ewing Sarcoma Task Force to bring together experts in the field to evaluate and prioritize new agents for incorporation into clinical trials. This group’s mission was to evaluate scientific and clinical challenges in moving new agents forward and to recommend agents and trial designs to the Bone Tumor Committee. The task force generated a framework for vetting prospective agents that included critical evaluation of each drug by using both clinical and non-clinical parameters. Representative appraisal of agents of highest priority, including eribulin, dinutuximab, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, is described. The task force continues to analyze new compounds by using the paradigm established.
КОНСПЕКТ ЛОГОПЕДИЧЕСКОГО ЗАНЯТИЯ С ДОШКОЛЬНИКОМ, ИМЕЮЩИМ ДЦП
Authors: Efremova Nina Sergeevna , Shulyak Natalya Andreevna , Larina Elena Anatolyevna
Published: April 2019

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной теме дефектологического образования, а именно, коррекции речевого нарушения детей дошкольного возраста, имеющим детский церебральный паралич (ДЦП). Предметом выступает специфика коррекции речевой и психомоторной функции у детей имеющих ДЦП. Авторы ставят целью подготовку конспекта логопедического занятия, который учитывает все особенности речи и опорно-двигательного аппарата ребёнка, на основе федерального государственного образовательного стандарта (ФГОС) дошкольного образования для детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования составляют теоретические и практические методы для проведения коррекционной работы.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что составленный конспект отвечает требованиям ФГОС по варианту обучения 6.2( ), таким образом, его могут использовать логопеды в своей практике. Авторы делают предположение, что данная разработка будет полезна логопедам ДОУ и студентам специального (дефектологического) образования.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере коррекционной педагогики и специального дефектологического образования.
On Definability of Connectives and Modal Logics over FDE
Authors: Odintsov Sergei P. , Skurt Daniel , Wansing Heinrich
Published: April 2019

The present paper studies two approaches to the expressiveness of propositional modal logics based on first-degree entailment logic, FDE. We first consider the basic FDE-based modal logic BK and certain systems in its vicinity, and then turn to some FDE-based modal logics in a richer vocabulary, including modal bilattice logic, MBL. On the one hand, model-theoretic proofs of the definability of connectives along the lines of [McCullough, “Logical connectives for intuitionistic propositional logic”, Journal of Symbolic Logic 36, 1 (1971): 15–20. DOI: 10.2307/2271511] and [[17] Wansing, “Logical connectives for constructive modal logic”, Synthese 150, 3 (2006): 459–482. DOI: 10.1007/s11229-005-5518-5] are given for various FDE-based modal logics. On the other hand, building on [Odintsov and Wansing, “Disentangling FDE-based paraconsistent modal logics, Studia Logica 105, 6 (2017): 1221–1254. DOI: 10.1007/s11225-017-9753-9], expressibility is considered in terms of mutual faithful embeddability of one logic into another logic. A distinction is drawn between definitional equivalence, which is defined with respect to a pair of structural translations between two languages, and weak definitional equivalence, which is defined with respect to a weaker notion of translations. Moreover, the definitional equivalence of some FDE-based modal logics is proven, especially the definitional equivalence of MBL and a conservative extension of the logic BK□×BK□, which underlines the central role played by BK among FDE-based modal logics.
Nephrotoxin‐Related Acute Kidney Injury and Predicting High‐Risk Medication Combinations in the Hospitalized Child
Authors: Yonekawa Karyn E , Zhou Chuan , Haaland Wren L , Wright Davene R
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

In the hospitalized patient, nephrotoxin exposure is one potentially modifiable risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI). Clinical decision support based on nephrotoxin ordering was developed at our hospital to assist inpatient providers with the prevention or mitigation of nephrotoxin‐related AKI. The initial decision support algorithm (Algorithm 1) was modified in order to align with a national AKI collaborative (Algorithm 2).

OBJECTIVE

Our first aim was to determine the impact of this alignment on the sensitivity and specificity of our nephrotoxin‐related AKI detection system. Second, if the system efficacy was found to be suboptimal, we then sought to develop an improved model.

DESIGN

A retrospective cohort study in hospitalized patients between December 1, 2013 and November 30, 2015 (N = 14,779) was conducted.

INTERVENTIONS

With the goal of increasing nephrotoxin‐related AKI detection sensitivity, a novel model based on the identification of combinations of high‐risk medications was developed.

RESULTS

Application of the algorithms to our nephrotoxin use and AKI data resulted in sensitivities of 46.9% (Algorithm 1) and 43.3% (Algorithm 2, P = .22) and specificities of 73.6% and 89.3%, respectively (P < .001). Our novel AKI detection model was able to deliver a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 70%.

CONCLUSIONS

Modifications to our AKI detection system by adopting Algorithm 2, which included an expanded list of nephrotoxins and equally weighting each medication, did not improve our nephrotoxin‐related AKI detection. It did improve our system's specificity. Sensitivity increased by >50% when we applied a novel algorithm based on observed data with identification of key medication combinations.
Implementação de um Sistema b-Learning na Escola Secundária do Nambambe-Lubango
Authors: Chicuma Uhongo Bernardo
Published: April 2019

Este artigo tem como objecto de estudo a implementação de um sistema b-learning na Escola Secundaria do Nambambe -Lubango, uma vez que a instituição reúne condições para a sua materialização, ainda que não a tenha. Por isso, pensámos fazer um estudo pormenorizado sobre o tema, a fim de descrever e explicar as condições existentes para a sua implantação. A metodologia empregue é o estudo de caso com vista a explicar a implantação do b-learning que é a modalidade aceite para ser efectuada nesta instituição, a julgar pelas vantagens que ela oferece e os benefícios que trará para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, mormente para os professores e alunos em termos de tecnologia, informação e conhecimento, libertando-se da infoexclusão digital.
“Povoamento” da Mapunda. Encontros e desencontros num espaço iminentemente Colonial.
Authors: Alicerces Bahu Helder
Published: April 2019

A expressão “povoamento” foi marcada, durante anos, por um enorme simbolismo cuja dimensão extrapolou fronteiras e dominou a agenda de imensas ordens expansionistas pelo globo. Era a condição necessária para a reivindicação de um território e, nesta lógica, o recurso a massa humana disponível para a concretização deste importante postulado da colonização. É neste quadro de abordagem que se enquadra o bairro da Mapunda, marcadamente habitado por madeirenses durante a grande odisseia de desenvolvimento da antiga colónia de Sá da Bandeira.
RUMO À CIDADE. DESLOCAMENTO FORÇADO E URBANIZAÇÂO EM ANGOLA
Authors: Figueiredo Neto Pedro
Published: April 2019

A história recente de Angola evidencia a relação entre conflito, deslocamento forçado e urbanização. No entanto, o tipo de urbanização vivido no país, não significou necessariamente o acesso a melhores condições de vida e oportunidades económicas, o acesso a infraestruturas básicas ou o direito à cidade. Ao traçar uma espiral histórica sobre o crescimento urbano em Angola – ou sobre a redistribuição de populações de zonas rurais para aglomerados urbanos –, durante o longo conflito (1961-2002) até ao presente, procurar-se-á analisar os motivos por detrás de tal processo, atendendo às conotações e concepções associadas à cidade.
SERÁ MBÔNGI’A ÑGÎNDU A ESCOLA DAS CIÊNCIAS POLÍTICAS NO ANTIGO KÔNGO?
Authors: Batsîkama Patrício
Published: April 2019

Existem várias informações espalhadas em diversos documentos desde século XV até o século XX, onde encontramos dados importantes que possam reconstruir o que terá sido Mbôngi. Existem pessoas que foram iniciadas no mbôngi, embora o Cristianismo colonial considerou de uma sociedade secreta perigosa. Uma exploração etnográfica permite-nos fazer um olhar endógeno e perceber que se trata de um espaço formativo para os servidores públicos. Uma comparação destas fontes permite-nos perceber que Mbôngi’a ñgîndu terá sido uma Escola onde se ensinava as Ciências Políticas.
An integrated approach to e-health, data collection and patient-reported outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Avery Pearl
Published: April 2019

Medical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is expensive and has a considerable side-effect profile. Nurse-led care must follow quality standards and relies on patient input and consistent monitoring. There are a variety of novel e-health solutions to assist with this. Data collection and audit participation can be streamlined with the implementation of a patient-management system linked with the IBD Registry national data-collection initiative. However, this can carry a burden of input for clinicians. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) allow for patient self-efficacy and remote review, potentially increasing outpatient capacity and adding value to IBD services. PROMs need to be validated and easy to use, such as IBD-Control. An ecosystem approach is effective in a fractured e-health landscape, and PROMS should be integrated with accessible patient portals. It is hoped that these developments will increase monitoring opportunities and outpatient capacity, as well as help nurses manage the increasingly complex care prescribed for IBD patients.
Timing and method of oral refeeding in mild acute pancreatitis: a systematic review
Authors: Hanson Allison , Hewlings Susan
Published: April 2019

Background:

Optimal timing and method of oral refeeding in mild acute pancreatitis (AP) is unclear.

Aims:

To identify the optimal timing and method of oral refeeding in patients with mild AP.

Methods:

PubMed and CINAHL were searched to identify randomised control trials (RCTs) for inclusion, and risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration Tool.

Results:

A total of 10 RCTs were included, six trials assessing timing of oral refeeding and five trials assessing method of oral refeeding. Early refeeding was associated with reduced length of hospital stay (LoHS) in five out of six trials. An immediate full caloric diet was associated with reduced LoHS in two out of five trials. There was a statistical increase in calories consumed in the group receiving immediate full caloric diets in three trials. There were no adverse events.

Conclusion:

Early oral refeeding can safely reduce LoHS in patients with mild AP. Refeeding with an immediate full caloric diet is safe and can increase calories consumed, but it does not decrease LoHS.
The importance of peer support in aesthetics
Authors:   PIAPA
Published: April 2019

Most people would agree that peer support is hugely important for the advancement of the medical aesthetics sector. However, being supportive of our peers, while being careful not to spoon-feed or control them can be challenging. In this article, Amy Senior discusses the balancing act involved in supporting our peers in aesthetics
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA PAISAGEM DO BAIXO CURSO DO RIO ITAPICURU, CONDE/BAHIA
Authors: Menezes Lucidalva Andrade de
Published: April 2019

Esta pesquisa analisou um trecho do baixo curso do rio Itapicuru, delimitada pelos rios Pirangi e das Pontes. Tevese no processo de análise das características naturais aliadas a forma de uso da terra os principais pontos investigados. O referencial teórico-metodológico foi baseado no modelo geossistêmico de Bertrand (1971). Sendo necessário o levantamento de informações em acervos bibliográficos e cartográficos, utilização de recursos de sensoriamento remoto, de geoprocessamento e trabalho de campo. A área de estudo ocupa parcialmente o município do Conde no litoral nordeste da Bahia, é parte integrante da APA Litoral Norte da Bahia, ocupa 206,03 km2. As potencialidades da área estão incorporadas nos seus aspectos naturais, nas relações ecológicas e socioculturais. A fragilidade natural local é observada na integração dos aspectos físicos aliadas ao uso inadequado da terra. A maior parte da área, equivalendo a 53,85%, revelou-se em estado de Resistasia, em especial o grau de fragilidade Extremamente Forte. A área de estudo se encontra com grau de comprometimento ambiental negativo, requerendo ações efetivas que inibam degradação futuras.
The unifying power of scientific theories. An alternative proposal from structuralism to Kitcher’s explanatory pattern
Authors: Blanco Daniel , Ginnobili Santiago , Lorenzano Pablo
Published: April 2019

Kitcher has satisfactorily explicatedunification using his particular approach to scientific explanation. However, we believe that his perspective has certain problems, which have been inherited by more recent approaches to the topic. Specifically, the requirement of stringency of patterns that Kitcher proposes to determine the unifying power of an explanatory pattern undermines the typical and peculiar heterogeneity we can find in different applications of unifying theories. We will show how this topic can be better addressed by the perspective built by metatheoretical structuralism without sacrificing any of Kitcher's correct intuitions.
TRABALHO PEDAGÓGICO NA EJA/EPT NA PERSPECTIVA DO CURRÍCULO INTEGRADO
Authors: Maraschin Mariglei Severo , Ferreira Liliana Soares
Published: April 2019

Desenvolver um trabalho pedagógico integrado na perspectiva do currículo integrado, considerando os sentidos críticos do trabalho e da tecnologia como eixos, tem sido um grande desafio na Educação Profissional. O presente texto visa apresentar e analisar uma realidade de um curso na Educação de Jovens e Adultos integrada à Educação Profissional, na qual os sujeitos do trabalho pedagógico demonstraram assumir os sentidos críticos de trabalho e de tecnologia, na perspectiva do currículo integrado. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo em seis realidades de Educação Profissional, a partir de grupos focais, com estudantes e com professores do curso PROEJA e entrevista com o gestor do campus. Porém, em apenas uma realidade, ficaram evidentes ações de integração, tendo o trabalho como princípio educativo. Dessa forma, apresentam-se sentidos teóricos do trabalho e da tecnologia no trabalho pedagógico, e o currículo integrado na práxis – uma análise de uma experiência de EJA/EPT. Resultante da pesquisa, considera-se que, para chegar-se à possibilidade de os estudantes também vivenciarem o currículo integrado, são necessários espaços de trabalho pedagógico crítico e coletivo que passam por reuniões pedagógicas e diálogo constante, pela integração da linguagem e pelo compromisso em integrar trabalho e tecnologia.
La dualidad en el poema "El Dios ibero" de Antonia Machado
Authors: Velasco Gómez Gutiérrez Dolores
Published: April 2019

The Generation of ’98 was the name of a group of Spanish writers born between 1864 and 1875 whose common feature was the influence caused by the Hispanic crisis of 1898. Most of these authors tried to propose solutions through their writings. Antonio Machado’s poem “The Iberian God” was placed in this context. The poet, through a game of dualities, describes the unsettled God that determines the religiosity of the Hispanic man and suggests the god he yearns for, a firm and grim god, shaped by the Iberian man in a piece of Castilian oak, symbol of Spanish unity.
El tema de la emigración ilegal en El viaje de los cantores de Hugo Salcedo
Authors: Katona Eszter
Published: April 2019

El tema de la emigración es un motivo constante en el teatro mexicano de los siglos XX y XXI. Desde Los que vuelven (1933), de Juan Bustillo Oro, hasta Nueva York versus El Zapotito (2010), de Verónica Musalem, el teatro siempre ha sido sensible a este problema que incluye conflictos tanto socio-políticos como culturales y psicológicos. El artículo quiere enfocar la atención en el destino de los emigrantes indocumentados a través de la obra teatral El viaje de los cantores (1987), de Hugo Salcedo, drama clave del teatro mexicano contemporáneo, cuya actualidad no ha disminuido en las últimas tres décadas.
Relationship Between Body Composition and Nutritional Status in Brazilian Nonagenarians
Authors: Safian Claudia Aline Oliveira , Bós Ângelo José Gonçalves
Published: April 2019

Introduction Brazil has undergone considerable changes in age distribution, particularly in nonagenarians. Allied to this reality, there is a series of nutritional disorders in this population segment. An important factor related to quality of life and healthy aging is good nutrition throughout life. Objective To observe the possible relationship between nutritional status and body composition in nonagenarians. Methodology This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study, with participants aged 90 years or older, evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), anthropometric parameters, and Bioimpedance. Results The sample consisted of 72 nonagenarians, averaging in age 93.7 years, most female (72%), white (82%) and widowed (64%), 19.4% were in nutritional risk, based on the MNA criteria. All anthropometric parameters presented lower averages among nonagenarians in nutritional risk. Regarding the bioimpedance parameters, in general the risk-free nonagenarians presented higher averages of weight, maximum ideal weight, minimum ideal weight, BMI, lean-mass, fat-mass, percentage of fat-mass and minimum percentage of fat-mass. Conclusions Most nonagenarians were in good nutritional status. Both anthropometric and bioimpedance parameters were effective to discriminate between normal and at nutritional risk nonagenarians. We also concluded that nutritional risk assessment in nonagenarians patients requires a joint analysis of the several existing methods for the nutritional evaluation, in order to obtain global diagnosis and accurate analysis of the nutritional status of the nonagenarians.
GLOBAL EVOLUTION AND PALEOGEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF
MID - CRETACEOUS ORBITOLINIDS
Authors: Boudagher-Fadel Marcelle , Price G. David
Published: April 2019

Members of the Larger Benthic Foraminiferal (LBF) family Orbitolinidae occured from the Cretaceous to the Paleogene, however, they were most diverse during the mid-Cretaceous, and dominated the agglutinated LBF assemblages described from limestones of that period. Various orbitolinid species have been used to zone and date lithologies formed in the shallow, warm waters of the Aptian to the Early Cenomanian, and many, sometimes inaccurate, generic and sub-generic nomenclatures have been proposed to differentiate the often subtle morphological changes that orbitolinids exhibit over time. Until now, it has not been possible to develop an effective global overview of their evolution and environmental development because descriptions of specimens from Asia have been relatively rare. Following our recent study of over 1800 orbitolinid-rich thin sections of material from 13 outcrops of the Langshan Limestone, from the Southern Tibetan Plateau, and from the Barito Basin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, it has been possible to compare the stratigraphic ranges of these orbitolinids with previously described Tethyan and American forms, based on the use of a planktonic zonal (PZ) scheme, itself tied to the most recent chronostratigraphic scale. This has allowed the reconstruction of the phylogenetic and paleogeographic evolution of the orbitolinids from their Valanginian origin in the Tethys. Although Tethys remained the paleogeographic focus for the orbitolinids, it is inferred here for the first time that a bi-directional paleogeographic migration of some orbitolinid genera occurred from Tethys to the Americas and also to the Western Pacific region. Our observations and dating confirm that global marine regressions in the Aptian were coincident with, and may well have facilitated, these orbitolinid transoceanic migrations. However, migration stopped after rising sea-level in the Early Albian appears to have again isolated these provinces from each other. Tectonic forces associated with the subduction of the Farallon Plate and further sea-level raises led to the opening of the Western Interior Seaway in the North America, which correlates with, and may have been the cause of, the Middle Albian (top of PZ Albian 2) extinction of the American orbitolinids. The extinction of the orbitolinids revealed that the Western Pacific province was split into two sub-provinces, with extinction occurring at the end of the Early Albian (top of PZ Albian 1) in the Northwest Pacific sub-province, and at the end of the Albian (top of PZ Albian 4) in the sub-province that is today South East Asia (on the margins and west of the Wallace Line). The final virtual extinction of the orbitolinids occurred at the end of the Cenomanian in the Tethyan province, which coincides with, and may have been caused by, global anoxic oceanic events that correlate with a near-peak Mesozoic eustatic sea-level high-stand that led to the overall global collapse of the paleotropical reef ecosystem at that time.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT MUSLIM DALAM PENDIDIKAN SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI HIFDZ AL-‘AQL DAN ICESCR
Authors: Madaniy A Malik
Published: April 2019

This paper asserts that education is an important instrument in life. Specifically, this article describes the rationale for Muslim’s obligation to participate actively in education, and the roles they play in the implementation of a quality education. All will be assessed from the perspective of Islamic teachings, particularly the Qur’an and Hadith. In addition, to strengthen and complement this paper, the perspective of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), which confirms that the Islamic community is a unified living entity when it comes to fulfilling education (kiyan hayy wahid). Therefore, the cooperation of various parties in the administration of education in accordance with the principles of maqasid shariah and the ICESCR is part of the Qur’anic command to do good deeds and piety (ta’awun ‘ala al-birr wa at -taqwa). Cooperation should embodied in an effort to develop a culture of reading and writing, preparing facilities and infrastructure, to increase educational human resources and create an environment conducive to education. Contribution of the Muslim community in educational issues should be the expectation of all parties.
Aktivitas Antagonis Bakteri yang Berasosiasi dengan Teritip (Balanus sp.) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Bacillus cereus
Authors: Wismayanti Gita , Sedjati Sri , Trianto Agus
Published: April 2019

Marine invertebrates are the most productive source of bioactive compounds.  However, most of the compounds originally produced by the microorganisms living associated with the invertebrates.  Barnacle is an invertebrate that has a unique interaction with bacteria. Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus are the cause of the foodborne disease that causes of remarkedly losses in the food industry.  The barnacle was collected from Panjang Island, Jepara.  The bacterial isolates were obtained by serial dilution followed by isolation based on morphological characteristics.  The antagonistic assay to E. coli dan B. cereus was utilized for screened the isolates.  Then, the active isolates were cultured for the further test with the disc diffusion agar method of the supernatant followed by the extracts.  The most active isolates were identified based on molecular method.  A total of 14 isolates were obtained from the Balanus sp., which six of them have activity against the E. coli and B. cereus.  The isolates TJ 5.4 and TJ 5.5 have the strongest activity the bacteria.  Base on the analyses of the BLAST and phylogenetic tree the isolates showed 99% homology the Bacillus wiedmannii (TJ 5.4) and Lysinibacillus macroides (TJ 5.5). Invertebrata laut merupakan salah satu sumber bahan bioaktif yang paling produktif. Sebagian senyawa yang terdapat dalam biota laut, sejatinya diproduksi oleh mikroorganisme yang hidup berasosiasi dengan biota laut tersebut.  Teritip merupakan salah satu hewan invertebrata yang memiliki berbagai interaksi unik dengan bakteri. Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Bacillus cereus merupakan dua dari beberapa bakteri patogen yang sering menjadi agen penyebab foodborne disease.  Teritip dikoleksi dari Pulau Panjang, Jepara. Isolat bakteri diperoleh dengan metoda pengenceran bertingkat dan dilanjutkan isolasi berdasarkan karakteristik morfologis. Uji antagonis terhadap E. coli dan B. cereus digunakan untuk menskrining bioaktivitas isolat.  Isolat yang aktif dikultur untuk uji lanjut yaitu supernatant dan dilanjutkan ekstraknya dengan metoda disc diffusion agar.  Bakteri yang paling aktif diidentifikasi secara molekuler untuk mengetahui spesiesnya.  Sebanyak 14 isolat bakteri diperoleh dari Balanus sp. dimana enam diantaranya memiliki aktivitas terhadap bakteri uji.  Isolat TJ 5.4 dan TJ 5.5 memiliki aktivitas paling kuat terhadap E. coli dan B. cereus. Berdasarkan pengolahan sekuen dan analisis pohon filogenetik, dua isolat bakteri tersebut memiliki homologi 99% terhadap bakteri Bacillus wiedmannii (TJ 5.4) dan Lysinibacillus macroides (TJ 5.5).
The Heavy Metal Contamination in Shallow Groundwater at Coastal Areas of Surabaya East Java Indonesia
Authors: Rochaddi Baskoro , Atmodjo Warsito , Satriadi Alfi , Suryono Chrisna Adhi , Irwani Irwani , Widada Sugeng
Published: April 2019

The present study was conducted to assess the level of heavy metal contamination in shallow aquifer of Surabaya coastal areas.  Six heavy metals (Arsenic, Mercury, Chromium, Lead, Cupper and Magnesium) of contaminant have been determined in the shallow groundwater.  The samples were then analyzed by using Atomic Absorbent Spectrometry gas and followed by using the method of Standard Method Examination. The result indicated that shallow groundwater in Surabaya has been contaminated by Arsenic (0.243 ppm) and Magnesium (1.262 ppm). Another heavy metal such as Mercury, Chromium, Lead, and Cupper showed bellow detected.  This study has proven the presence of heavy metal as specially Arsenic and Magnesium has been contain in shallow aquifer supplies in the coastal areas of Surabaya.
Effect of Photorefractive Keratectomy and Laser in situ Keratomileusis in High Myopia on logMAR Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity
Authors: Langrová Hana , Derse Matthias , Hejcmanová Dagmar , Feuermannová Alena , Rozsíval Pavel , Hejcmanová Markéta
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To compare effect of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on contrast sensitivity (CS) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in high myopia. Methods: 38 myopes (PRK) and 31 patients (LASIK) were examined before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -8.0 ± 1.7D (PRK) and -9.2 ± 2.1D (LASIK). CS was tested on a computerized system of the Contrast Sensitivity 8010 Type at 6 spatial frequencies (0.74 and 29.55 c/deg), BCVA was measured on logMAR charts. Results: At 12 months postoperatively, mean spherical equivalent was -0.6 ± 1.0D (PRK) and -1.0 ± 0.8D (LASIK). Postoperative values of CS were significantly higher in the PRK group, except for spatial frequencies of 3.69 and 7.39 c/deg up to 3 months postoperatively. The initial significant decrease of BCVA lasted up to 6 months after PRK. In the LASIK group BCVA was not significantly different from its preoperative level at the 3-months follow-up. Conclusions: The significant improvement of CS after PRK suggest that PRK can improve quality of vision in eyes with high myopia. Although recovery of BCVA after LASIK was faster than after PRK, there may be a persistent decrease in CS.
From everyday speech to literary style: The decline of the distant address De in Norwegian during the twentieth century
Authors: Nesse Agnete
Published: April 2019

Change in norms for the use of address forms and change in the actual usage of these forms are an important part of the history of any language. By investigating how certain grammatical features are chosen for specific pragmatic meaning, we deepen our understanding of the relationship between language and society. These changes can be described from several angles by focussing on intralinguistic factors (which linguistic features are used) or on social factors. In this article, we will take both perspectives into consideration by looking at the forms of pronominal address that have been used in Norway, as well as how and why they have changed. The data is drawn primarily from radio and weekly magazines, the popular media of the twentieth century.
New speaker paradigm and historical sociolinguistics: Dynamics between Florentines and learners in early modern Italy
Authors: Serra Eleonora
Published: April 2019

This paper aims to assess whether the emerging research paradigm of the new speaker may be useful in the study of language history. This question is tackled by exploring the dynamics which arose between Florentines and non-Florentine learners in sixteenth-century Italy. At the time, notwithstanding the peninsula’s linguistic fragmentation, the written language came to be progressively standardised around an archaic variety of Florentine (the fourteenth-century vernacular used by Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio). Florentines, initially, had no active role in this process and literary Florentine was living an autonomous life, becoming, at the written level, a “learner” variety progressively influenced by its new users. If at first Florentines themselves saw the emerging exogenous written standard in negative terms, they were not immune to its influence – an influence which grew stronger as the century progressed. The dynamics which arose between Florentines and learners concerning linguistic ownership appear similar to the ones which exist between “traditional” linguistic minorities and new speakers in some present-day revitalisation contexts. It is argued that the “new speaker” lens, mainly employed in the field of endangered languages, is valuable for capturing the dynamics which emerge between different groups during historical processes of language standardisation.
Stimmverbote gegen den herrschenden Gesellschafter im GmbH-Konzern
Authors: Ekkenga Jens
Published: April 2019

Machtkämpfe unter den Gesellschaftern einer faktisch beherrschten GmbH werden herkömmlich vor allem mit Blick auf den Außenseiterschutz entschieden. Machtverschiebungen zu Lasten des Mehrheitsgesellschafters, der von wesentlichen Abstimmungen mit Bedeutung für die Konzernleitung gem. § 47 Abs. 4 GmbHG abgeschnitten ist, spielen dabei bislang keine oder kaum eine Rolle. Der nachfolgende Beitrag hat zum Ziel, die Interessengewichte unter Berücksichtigung der überschießenden Stimmkraft des Minderheitsgesellschafters in derartigen Sonderlagen neu auszuloten. Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung stehen dabei die mitgliedschaftliche Treuepflicht des Minderheitsgesellschafters und dessen gesteigerte Verantwortung im Umgang mit dem ihm aufgrund des Stimmverbots zugewiesenen Alleinentscheidungsrecht.
Corrective Muscle Activity Reveals Subject-Specific Sensorimotor Recalibration
Authors: Iturralde Pablo A. , Torres-Oviedo Gelsy
Published: April 2019

Recent studies suggest that planned and corrective actions are recalibrated during some forms of motor adaptation. However, corrective (also known as reactive) movements in human locomotion are thought to simply reflect sudden environmental changes independently from sensorimotor recalibration. Thus, we asked whether corrective responses can indicate the motor system’s adapted state following prolonged exposure to a novel walking situation inducing sensorimotor adaptation. We recorded electromyographic (EMG) signals bilaterally on 15 leg muscles before, during, and after split-belts walking (i.e., novel walking situation), in which the legs move at different speeds. We exploited the rapid temporal dynamics of corrective responses upon unexpected speed transitions to isolate them from the overall motor output. We found that corrective muscle activity was structurally different following short versus long exposures to split-belts walking. Only after a long exposure, removal of the novel environment elicited corrective muscle patterns that matched those expected in response to a perturbation opposite to the one originally experienced. This indicated that individuals who recalibrated their motor system adopted split-belts environment as their new “normal” and transitioning back to the original walking environment causes subjects to react as if it was novel to them. Interestingly, this learning declined with age, but steady state modulation of muscle activity during split-belts walking did not, suggesting potentially different neural mechanisms underlying these motor patterns. Taken together, our results show that corrective motor commands reflect the adapted state of the motor system, which is less flexible as we age.
Preparing for the Lurch into a Surgery Clerkship
Authors: Tribble Curtis G , Walters Dustin
Published: April 2019

Over our combined nearly 50 years as surgical educators, we have been asked many times by medical students how they should prepare for and function in a Surgery Clerkship. It is still easy for me (C.G.T.) to recall, as a medical student myself, having the same questions. While I had initially thought that the transition from college to medical school would be challenging, I quickly realized that the first few years of medical school were not as much of a transition as I had imagined. However, as the clerkship year approached for my medical school classmates and me, it was quite clear to us that we were about to enter an educational environment for which our prior years in college and medical school had likely not optimally prepared us. And, when the primary advice we were given about how we should function as medical students rotating through the clerkships was that we should “just live the life of the house officer,” we realized that we had little to no idea what we were actually supposed to do once we began the clerkship year.
Korupcijos suvokimas tarp ekspertų, gerai informuotų piliečių ir eilinių gyventojų
Authors: Pocienė Aušra
Published: April 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

This article presents an analysis based on Alfred Schutz’s epistemological stratification; it asks how do three epistemic groups perceive the phenomenon of corruption in Lithuania, these three groups being: (1) “experts,” scientists and criminal justice representatives working with corruption cases; (2) “well informed citizens,” politicians and the representatives of mass media, and (3) “people from the street,” ordinary Lithuanian citizens. The analysis is based on the data of focus groups discussions that were performed in the framework of the project “Social Context of Corruption: An Analysis of Macro, Meso and Micro Level Factors” that was implemented at Vilnius University, Faculty of Philosophy during 2015–2017.

The group discourses are analyzed from perspectives of three levels: (1) corruption as a worldwide phenomenon on a macro level; (2) the extent and forms of corruption on the social-meso level, and (3) the origin of corruption and the concept of the “corrupted man” on the micro-individual level. In the article, it is also analyzed how experts, “well informed citizens” and ordinary people assess the current means of corruption control and prevention in Lithuania and what other suggestions of prevention they have.

The analysis showed that the main focus of three groups is localized on the meso level, discussing the extent and level of corruption in society, its main forms and corrupted groups. Only little attention is paid to the micro-individual level, where corruption takes it roots as a moral problem. Also, the predominant concept of corruption among ordinary people is almost the same as embedded in criminal law – as a crime committed by white collar individuals who have a particular amount of power at their disposal. Such a narrow legal perception of corruption becomes dysfunctional for effective crime control and prevention as far as it overlooks the widespread culture of corruption that penetrates all social layers, not only the white collars.

The main criticism of current corruption control and prevention policy is based on its demonstrative ineffective and dysfunctional character, while the main perspective of corruption prevention is seen in general social education and primary socialization. The experts and ordinary citizens view the culture of corruption as possibly being diminished only by strengthening social relations and restoring community commitment.
Manicheizmai ir Czesławas Miłoszas: moralinės vaizduotės tyrimas
Authors: Mažeikis Gintautas
Published: April 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Straipsnio tikslas – apmąstyti Czesławo Miłoszo Ulro žemę manicheizmo istorijos kontekste remiantis moralinės vaizduotės teorija ir moralinės pusiausvyros koncepcija. Straipsnyje analizuojami viduramžių, Renesanso, romantizmo ir XX amžiaus manicheizmai, diskutuojama su Vytauto Kavolio ir Leonido Donskio samprotavimais šiomis temomis. Straipsnio naujumas: atsižvelgiant į Williamo Blake’o ir Cz. Miłoszo samprotavimus, kalbama apie moralinės pusiausvyros koncepciją ir daromos prielaidos dėl personalizuoto ir depersonalizuoto triksterio vaidmens skatinant moralinių pusiausvyrų kaitą. Straipsnyje siekiama apibrėžti moralinių galių funkcionalumą ir disfunkcionalumą moralinės vaizduotės teorijos ribose.