bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Resection in Kurdistan Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology: A Single Center Experience
Authors:   Lecturer in School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Sulaimani Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Higher Education, Kurdistan-Iraq FACS,MRCS,FICS,CABS , FICMS, Salih Barham Muhammad Muhammed , Kasnazani Qalandar Hussin Abdulkarim ,   Senior consultant /Digestive surgery, Chairman of Kurdistan Board in Subspecialty of Digestive surgery, Sulaimani section, kurdistan-Iraq, FACS, FRCS, FICS, AHPBA member, Abdulla Karzan Seerwan ,   Lecturer in School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Sulaimani Faculty of Medical sciences, Ministry of Higher Education , Kurdistan- Iraq ,MRCS,FICMS
Published: April 2023

Background and objectives:Liver resection has become definitive management for several benign and malignant conditions. The aim of the study is to review the short-term outcome of hepatic resection, including extent of resection, the original pathology, blood loss, blood transfusion, morbidity and mortality. Methods: This is a case series study included 25 patients underwent hepatic resection to treat benign conditions or to potentially eradicate malignant conditions between 1stJanuary 2016 to 31st August 2017 in three hospitals belongs to Kurdistan Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Data regarding socio-demographics and short term outcome, including extent of resection, blood loss, blood transfusion, morbidity and mortality were collected and analyzed. Results: The total number of patients that underwent hepatic resection was 25. There were 5 male, 20 female. Age ranged between 5-77 years with mean age of 45.8 years. The indications for resection were malignant disease in (44%) and benign diseases in (56%).The mean estimated blood loss was 904.0 ± 597.7 .The mean blood transfusion was 800 ml packed red blood cell. The postoperative recovery was smooth in (64%) and complicated in (36%). The mortality rate was (4%). Conclusions: hepatic resections can be done with acceptable early postoperative outcomes despite limited resources and low volume set-up, morbidity, mortality, estimated blood loss and average transfusion requirement was high which can be further minimized with better meticulous surgical technique and use of novel energy devices
The Relation between Serum Magnesium Level and Acute Exacerbation of Asthma in Children Admitted to Rapareen Teaching Hospital in Erbil city
Authors:   MBChB. Pediatric board candidate at KBMS, Pirdawo Dilan Ramzy , Alrabbaty Abbas Abdulqadr ,   MBChB, CABP, DCH. Professor of Pediatrics, College of Medicine Hawler Medical University
Published: April 2023

Background and objectives: Asthma is a common disease caused by chronic information and increased responsiveness of pulmonary airways with airflow obstruction. Magnesium in extracellular fluid is crucial for normal neuromuscular activities, and its deficiency is associated with increased contractility of smooth muscle cells including bronchiolar wall leading to bronchospasm. The aim of this study is to detect the prevalence of hypomagnesemia among asthmatic children and to find out any significant correlation of hypomagnesemia with asthma in children. Methods:A case control study performed in Erbil city, from January 2017 to January 2018. One hundred asthmatic patients aged (3-13) years were examined, all of them had acute asthmatic attacks with respiratory distress for which they were admitted to (Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital). The control group included 100 healthy non asthmatic children who visited the hospital with their parents. Blood samples were taken to measure serum magnesium level. Statistical analysis performed by statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS19). Results: the mean serum magnesium in patients group was (1.91± 0.33) mg/dl and it was significantly lower than control group it (2.03± 0.33) mg/dl. Serum magnesium level decreased with increasing severity of asthma symptoms. Conclusions: Serum magnesium level is significantly lower in asthmatic children as compared to the control group, serum magnesium level decreased as the duration of asthma is longer but not significantly, there was an inverse relation between serum magnesium and the severity of asthma, no significant change in its serum level was found when steroids and bronchodilators are used
Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on IGF-1 Level Among Sample of Children
Authors:   MBChB, KBMS Trainee Pediatrics, Raparin Pediatric Hospital, Erbil, Iraq., Noori Kani Rast , Rabaty Abbas Abdulkadir ,   Professor of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
Published: April 2023

Background and objectives:Iron-deficiency anemia is a worldwide nutritional problem and an important public health problem especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to compare the mean insulin like growth factor-1 of anemic children with that of non-anemic children and to correlate the levels of insulin like growth factor-1 with the levels of serum ferritin. Methods:cross-sectional study included fifty children. Measurement of levels of insulin like growth factor-1 was done in 25 children with iron deficiency anemia and compared with twenty-five age- and sex- matched non anemic children. Results: The mean age + SD were 6.11 + 3.31 years, ranging. There was significant difference detected between the iron deficiency anemia and control group regarding the mean values of insulin like growth factor-1 level as there was more than one third of iron deficiency anemia group had insulin like growth factor-1 levels lower than that of the control group. There was a relatively strong, significant positive correlation between serum ferritin levels with insulin like growth factor-1 levels. Conclusions:A significant correlation was observed between serum ferritin and serum insulin growth factor-1 level, since less serum ferritin levels is associated with less insulin growth factor-1 levels among anemic group compared with control group, implying that the effect of IDA on insulin like growth factor-1 level may differ according to body iron status.
Coronary Artery Lesions during Coronary Angiography in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction with and without Reciprocal Changes
Authors:   Lecturer in Department of Medicine College of Medicine, Interventional cardiologist at Erbil Cardiac Center, Wahhab Ibrahim Bilal , Qader Mohammed Youns ,   Physician at KRG/ministry of health Trainee in interventional cardiology Erbil Cardiac Center, Alwan Mohammed Hasan ,   Ass. Prof. in Department of Medicine College of Medicine, Interventional cardiologist in Erbil Cardiac Center
Published: April 2023

Background and objectives: ST segment elevation myocardial infarction is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. This study tries to clarify the role of reciprocal changes in the possibility of having more than one coronary artery occlusion. Methods:The study is a prospective case control study and the data are collected from January 2017 till January 2018. The total number of participants in this study was 144 cases of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction randomly taken from emergency department of cardiac center in Erbil city. All of them underwent coronary angiography, comparison of coronary artery finding made between those with reciprocal changes on electrocardiography 72 cases and the others without reciprocal changes 72 cases. Chi-square test was used for data analysis and interpretation. Results: The mean age of participants were 57.5 years. 35 out of 144 were female and 109 out of 144 were male. Out of 72 case with reciprocal ST segment depression 63 (87.5%) had more than one blood vessel with critical lesion, while 9 out of 72 (12.5%) had single blood vessel with critical lesion. On the other hand 40% of patients without reciprocal ST depression had more than one artery involved and the remainder 60% had single blood vessel involved and this difference was statistically significant. Conclusions:Reciprocal ST segment depression in acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction signifies the presence of multiple vessel occlusion rather than simple electrical phenomenon.
The Effect of Different Lipoproteins on the Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Relation between them in Patients in Kurdistan
Authors:   Lecturer in Department of Medicine College of Medicine HMU, Interventional cardiologist at Erbil Cardiac Center, Saka Marewan Hawil , Faeq Abdulsatar Kamil ,   Lecturer in Department of Medicine College of Medicine HMU, Trainee in interventional cardiology Erbil Cardiac Center
Published: April 2023

Background and objectives: Lipoproteins mainly LDL-C and Non HDL-C are among important risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis, Coronary angiography is the standard diagnostic investigation for obstructive coronary vascular disease. Finding a lipoprotein index for severity of coronary atherosclerosis which can be estimated by many score systems is matter of debate among many studies. The objective of the study is to assess the effects of different lipoproteins on severity of coronary atherosclerosis and the relation among them. Methods:From 1-4-2017 to 28- 2-2018, 125 patients collected in Cardiac Center in Erbil were included in this case control study, the patients were collected on daily base by systematic sampling, for all patients basic demographic data collected including age, gender, ethnic group, if he used statin for more than 3 weeks, the risk factors of atherosclerosis , then standard diagnostic coronary angiography done and fasting total serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-C, high density lipoprotein-C, serum triglyceride and non-high density lipoprotein-C were estimated, the severity of coronary atherosclerosis were estimated by Syntax score available on line (http://syntaxscore.com/calculator/start.htm), patients were divided to three groups according to their score levels, the data analyzed by SPSS program. Results : The study showed that there were no significant differences in the demographic data among the three groups apart from the risk factors, mean ages were (57±11, 59±10 and 61±9 year respectively p-value 0.152), male/female ratio were ( 20/20, 36/8 and31/10 respectively p-value 0.558), The study showed that statins significantly reduced cholesterol (p-value 0.03) and low density lipoprotein ( p-value < 0.001) (albeit above target levels) but they did not reduce significantly the non- high density lipoprotein level ( p-value 0.07) nor they reduced the score values significantly ( p-value 0.32). There was significant positive correlation between high density lipoprotein level and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in all arms. Conclusions:Serum level of non-high density lipoprotein is more important than low density lipoprotein as far as severity of coronary atherosclerosis is concerned and target LDL level was not achieved
The Prevalence of Thyroid Malignancy in Multinodular Goiter in Erbil Governorate
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Muhamad Banin Naser , Shareef Sabah Jalal ,   Assistant professor. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University. M.B.CH.B.D.G.S.M.R.C.S.UK
Published: April 2023

Background and objectives:thyroid malignancy is relatively a rare tumor, but it represents the most common form of malignancy of endocrine glands. The common scenario in multinodular goiter is finding of incidental thyroid carcinoma after histopathological evaluation of specimens for assumed benign thyroid lesions. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and types of malignancy in multinodular goiter in Erbil governorate, in order to choose the best surgical options for their treatment. Methods:This prospective cross-sectional study has been conducted from 1st March 2017 to 1st March 2018 on 72 patients with multinodular goiter in Rizgary teaching hospital and private hospitals in Erbil city. All patients evaluated preoperatively by history, clinical examination, thyroid function test, ultrasound study, fine needle aspiration cytology. Then, offered operative treatment for compressive symptoms, thyrotoxicosis, cosmetic concerns, undetermined cytology, suspicious or proved malignancy by fine needle aspirationcytology Results: Among 72 cases, 90.3% were females and 9.7% were males, with mean age distribution at the time of surgery was 41.6 ± 12.6 years. 8.3% of patients found to have malignancy on final histological examination and papillar carcinoma constituted 83.3% of cases. Conclusions:-we recommend near-total or total thyroidectomy to eliminate the need for re-operation in case of thyroid cancer.
Tamización universal con cervicometría para la prevención de parto pretérmino en Colombia: un estudio de costo-utilidad. Año 2022
Authors: Camacho Montaño Andrés , Rojas López Kristina , Buitrago Leal Marcela
Published: April 2023

Tamización universal con cervicometría para la prevención de parto pretérmino en Colombia: un estudio de costo-utilidad. Año 2022
Exploring the Potential of Metaverse for Higher Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications
Authors: Prakash Amrita , Haque Alimul , Islam Farheen , Sonal Deepa
Published: April 2023

Introduction: the Metaverse, a virtual space where users can engage with each other in a variety of experiences, has gained significant attention in recent years. With the advent of advanced technologies like Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR), the possibilities of the Metaverse have expanded to create new opportunities for learning and education.
Objective: this research article aims to explore the potential of the Metaverse for higher education, including its opportunities, challenges, and implications.
Methods: the article provides a comprehensive overview of the Metaverse, its history, and its key components. It then examines the potential of the Metaverse for higher education by reviewing relevant literature and analyzing the benefits that it can offer. These benefits include increased accessibility, flexibility, and interactivity, as well as the potential for immersive and personalized learning experiences.
Results: the article also identifies the challenges and limitations of the Metaverse, such as technical limitations, privacy and security concerns, and the need for digital literacy skills. It further discusses the implications of using the Metaverse for higher education, including its impact on teaching and learning, curriculum design, and student engagement.
Conclusions: finally, the article proposes some recommendations for educators and institutions interested in exploring the use of the Metaverse for higher education. These recommendations include developing a clear understanding of the educational goals, selecting appropriate technologies and platforms, and providing training and support for both educators and students.
Libro resúmenes del II Congreso Internacional de Investigación Multidisciplinaria (CIIM)
Authors: Rincón Soto Idana Berosca
Published: April 2023

En esta segunda oportunidad, tuvimos el honor de compartir experiencias con docentes, académicos e investigadores de alto nivel, lo que amerita apreciar la labor que desde las instituciones universitarias de América Latina se vienen realizando, en aras de promover y fomentar la cultura investigativa, aunado a su vez, de alianzas y convenios que permiten fortalecer nuestras redes de investigadores a nivel internacional. Desde el Centro Internacional de Investigación y Estudios Superiores (CIIEES), con sede en Costa Rica, nos complace haber reunido, previa convocatoria, a más de 200 docentes, con aproximadamente 80 ponencias, producto de sus trabajos y proyectos de investigación, lo que refleja el compromiso y responsabilidad de la academia en estos eventos de proyección y difusión. A su vez, todas las presentaciones, cumplieron con los estándares de rigurosidad científica establecidos, y se enfatizó en sus respectivas publicaciones, lo que agrega valor significativo a tan importantes trabajos. Con orgullo y agradeciendo a todos las instituciones que apoyaron nuestro trabajo, que creen en nuestro compromiso, así como a los investigadores miembros de la red de coordinadores que permitieron la organización y logística del II CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA, con una jornada de treinta horas, con las exposiciones magistrales de conferencistas internacionales de admirable trayectoria y nivel académico profesional, así como la presentación de las ponencias por sus autores desde diferentes países, transige extender las felicitaciones y éxitos para que continúen expandiendo y generando conocimientos que permitan crecer no solo como profesionales, sino como sociedad.
Karahisar-i Sahib Sancağı, Han- Barçın, Sandıklı Kazalarındaki Aşiretlere Ait 1721 Numaralı Nüfus Defterinin Değerlendirilmesi (H.1256/M.1840-1841)
Authors: EMREN Hakan , GÜNEŞ Mehmet
Published: April 2023

Osmanlı Devleti tarihine yönelik araştırma yapılırken başvurulacak yazılı arşiv kaynakları içerisinde “Nüfus Defterleri” önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Nüfus defterlerinde beşeri unsurlar, zaman ve mekân birlikteliği bir arada yer aldığı için demografik özelliklerin ve şehir tarihinin aydınlatılması bakımından oldukça önem taşımaktadır.

Osmanlı Devleti’nde gerçek anlamda ilk nüfus sayımı II. Mahmut zamanında yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu sayımda özellikle askere alımlar için Müslümanların ve vergiler için Müslümanlarla birlikte gayrimüslimlerin de kayıtları tutulmuştur. Daha önce yapılan sayımlar daha çok vergi mükelleflerine tespit amacıyla yapıldığından nüfus tespiti açısından yetersiz kalmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, 1840-41 yılı itibariyle Karahisar-i Sahib Sancağın bağlı Han-Barçın ve Sandıklı kazalarındaki aşiretlerin erkek Müslüman nüfusu hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Aşiret nüfusu ve bu nüfusun fiziki özellikleri, yaşları tespit edilerek elde edilen bilgiler çerçevesinde değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.
Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma-A rare Tumor arising from remnant of Rathkes pouch
Authors: Vanishree Murugavel  , Sunderesh Kamal Chander  , Sonti Sulochana
Published: April 2023

Craniopharyngioma is a rare tumor arising from squamous rests located at any point along the invagination of the primitive stomodeum, Rathke’s pouch, from the nasopharynx to the hypothalamus. 1 There are two peaks in the occurrence of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, one in the first to second decade and the other in the fifth decade. They are generally sporadic and their molecular pathogenesis is poorly defined. There are two clinicopathological forms of craniopharyngiomas-papillary squamous type, and adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. The classical adamantinomatous variant, which affects people of all ages consists of palisading columnar cells that look like ameloblast of embryonic tooth buds. It has poor prognosis when compared to papillary craniopharyngioma. It has an underlying mutation in β-catenin and translocation of the protein to the nucleus, which can be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TIKTOK SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATION ON BEHAVIOR OF YOUTH: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Ghafar Majid , Rashid Azhar , Khan Noor Nabi
Published: April 2023

Social media has become an integral part of our life. People around the globe interact with each other by using social media applications. Social media turns the world into global village. The use of social media has become a great risk for children and adolescents. Thesis risks include some psychological issues related to mental health. This research explores the psychological effects of TikTok social media application among the students of Hazara University, Mansehra. Uses and Gratification theory of media is the relevant theory with this research study. Population for this specific research study was the student so Hazara University. A self-administered questionnaire used for collecting data from a sample of 400 respondents, both male and female with equal presential. The collected data was analyzed by using statistical software SPSS. Data tabulation and its sub-sequent analysis reveals that almost all the students i.e., 100% of Hazara University use smartphone in their regular routine life and 78% students used smartphone more than three hours a day. The empirical analysis reveals that more than 65% respondents use smartphone for different purposes i.e., chat, calls, information, entertainment etc. the exclusive analysis of data reveals that TikTok smartphone application have different psychological effects on its users these effects include loneliness, anxiety, stress etc.
Beethovenowska metamorfoza Chopina. Przykład nieświadomego przetwarzania informacji muzycznej
Authors: Kinzler Hartmuth
Published: April 2023

Trzy środkowe fazy strukturalne w taktach 9–67 w części „A” Scherza op. 20 Fryderyka Chopina można interpretować jako typowe dla tego twórcy figuracyjne przedłużenia trzech fragmentów z pierwszej fazy Sonaty fortepianowej op. 10 nr 3 Ludwiga van Beethovena. Fakt, że porównywane fragmenty pochodzą z jednej sonaty, wzmacnia przypuszczenie, że jest to mniej lub bardziej świadome przejęcie przez Chopina owego motywu i wykorzystanie go w transpozycji o półton w dół. Stawianą hipotezę potwierdza rudymentarna teoria nieświadomego przetwarzania informacji.
Beyond the mountains: the reception of Moniuszko and his ‘Halka’ abroad
Authors: Allison John
Published: April 2023

Beyond the mountains: the reception of Moniuszko and his ‘Halka’ abroad Without doubt, Halka is the opera of Moniuszko that has travelled most widely around the world, yet sadly it still remains unknown to most non-Polish music lovers. This article traces its presence abroad to reveal when and where interest in it has peaked. Yet how to define ‘abroad’ when speaking of Moniuszko, whose life crossed present-day political boundaries and since Poland itself was partitioned during his lifetime? More often than not, politics has played a part in the dissemination of Moniuszko’s music and Halka in particular: strong trends in its performance history can be seen in two of the three partitioning empires, Russia and Austro-Hungary, while later German translations were to play an important role; the plot also appealed from a political point of view to communist regimes, and the first two complete recordings were made in early 1950s Moscow and Prague. Halka has continued to travel widely, if sporadically, with one of its most unexpected appearances being as recently as 2015 in Haiti. Yet the wider recognition this opera deserves remains elusive.
Halka (włoska wersja językowa) Stanisław Moniuszko (Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina 2018)
Authors: Krusch Uwe
Published: April 2023

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Halka na gruzach Festung Breslau
Authors: Topolska Agnieszka
Published: April 2023

The music of Stanisław Moniuszko appeared in Wrocław much later than in other cities of Poland and neighbouring countries. The meagre profile of this composer’s output in Lower Silesia was only raised by the much-trumpeted premiere of his opera Halka on 8 September 1945 in Wrocław, four months after the cessation of military activities on the territory of Festung Breslau. The history of the preparations for the first operatic premiere in Polish Wrocław shows how much truth there is in our ideas about the Polishness of Lower Silesia and how much romantic yearning.
Tylko całość. Z profesorem Michałem Bristigerem rozmawia Kamila Stępień-Kutera
Authors: Stępień-Kutera Kamila
Published: April 2023

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Economía social: enfoque socio económico del Ecuador
Authors: Merizalde Véliz Diana Carolina , Recalde Aguilar Lugarda María , Maldonado Castro Ángel Boris , Moreno Suquilanda Edgar Alan
Published: April 2023

El propósito de este artículo es analizar los factores socioeconómicos del Ecuador y Latinoamérica desde un enfoque un poco más amplio a través de estudios de caso de las entidades más representativas de la economía solidaria. La economía popular unificada es un modelo económico alternativo al modelo capitalista neoliberal. En el término economía solidaria, se ha hecho necesario introducir valores como la solidaridad en la teoría y las prácticas económicas de las personas. Centrarse en factores laborales en lugar de factores de capital. La Ley Básica de Economía Popular y Solidaridad, promulgada en 2011, es quizás el documento legal específico que institucionaliza el modelo económico más desarrollado de la región. Identifica a los actores económicos y las organizaciones en economías comunes desde la lógica del trabajo, examina ejemplos simbólicos de experiencias de producción y marketing, y analiza el foco en las organizaciones, instituciones financieras. En América Latina y el Caribe se encuentra entre los pioneros de un tema que está causando impacto como lo es la economía popular, Ecuador es uno de los países más apegado a este tipo de economías comprendiendo a un conjunto de actividades sociales. Por ello, se han elaborado retratos históricos de la economía social y solidaria del mundo y de América Latina con el fin de comprender su contexto de desarrollo y diversos argumentos conceptuales. La economía social solidaria no es un programa homogéneo, pero ayuda a proponer respuestas a algunos de los problemas actuales de desempleo e integración social, renovando no sólo los procesos económicos, intercambiando intereses comerciales, sino también beneficios e intereses sociales. Se concluye realizando un análisis detallado de la economía popular y solidaria y cómo puede servir de impulsor para un desarrollo socioeconómico de toda la población que la conforma.
PENINGKATAN MINAT BELAJAR MELALUI MODEL COURSE REVIEW HORAY (CRH) PADA MATA PEMBELAJARAN IPA MENGIDENTIFIKASI FUNGSI ORGAN TUBUH
Authors: Sugandi Dede , Syach Alfyan , Juniarti Nadia
Published: April 2023

Permasalahan yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya minat belajar siswa terhadap belajar siswa terdapat pelajaran IPA. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa hal diantaranya penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang kurang tepat, sarana dan prasarana yang kurang memadai serta kurangnya komunikasi antara Guru dengann siswa, maupun siswa dengan siswa.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan model pembelajaran Course Riview Horay (CRH) dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPA di kelas V SD Negeri Sirnabaya II Kecamatan Telukjambe Timur Kabupaten Karawang. Sesuai metode dipilih, yaitu penelitian tindakan kelas maka penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian tindakan dari Kemmis dan Mc Taggart yaitu berbentuk spiral dari siklus yang satu ke siklus berikutnya. Setiap siklus meliputi planing (rencana), action (tindakan), observation (pengamatan), reflection (refleksi). Hal itu dapat dilihat dari perolehan data hasil pengamatan proses pembelajaran dari siklus kesatu sampai siklus ketiga dengan perolehan hasil observasi siswa siklus ke-1 mencapai 70%, siklus ke-2 82%, siklus ke-3 90%. Sedangkan perolehan hasil angket Minat Belajar terjadinya peningkatan setiap siklusnya yaitu siklus ke-1 79%, siklus ke-2 85% dan siklus ke-3 89%. Berdasarkan data diatas, serta membuktikan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Course Review Horay telah terjadi peningkatan pencapaian hasil belajar siswa, dam sudah mencapai tingkat kentuntasan sebagaian sudah diterapkan.
Adversarial AI Testcases for Maritime Autonomous Systems
Authors: Walter Mathew J , Barrett Aaron , Walker David J , Tam Kimberly
Published: April 2023

Contemporary maritime operations such as shipping are a vital component constituting global trade and defence. The evolution towards maritime autonomous systems, often providing significant benefits (e.g., cost, physical safety), requires the utilisation of artificial intelligence (AI) to automate the functions of a conventional crew. However, unsecured AI systems can be plagued with vulnerabilities naturally inherent within complex AI models. The adversarial AI threat, primarily only evaluated in a laboratory environment, increases the likelihood of strategic adversarial exploitation and attacks on mission-critical AI, including maritime autonomous systems. This work evaluates AI threats to maritime autonomous systems in situ. The results show that multiple attacks can be used against real-world maritime autonomous systems with a range of lethality. However, the effects of AI attacks vary in a dynamic and complex environment from that proposed in lower entropy laboratory environments. We propose a set of adversarial test examples and demonstrate their use, specifically in the marine environment. The results of this paper highlight security risks and deliver a set of principles to mitigate threats to AI, throughout the AI lifecycle, in an evolving threat landscape.
A Review on Viral Outbreak in India with Special Reference to COVID-19
Authors: Khamari Aishwarya , Khamari Monika , Kumar Mishra Akshya , Panda Jijnasa , Gardia Debashish , Rath Ratikanta
Published: April 2023

COVID-19, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and SARS are three severe pandemics linked to novel coronaviruses that have so far impacted people in the twenty first century. These acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are brought on by viruses that are all exceedingly contagious and/or have caused large mortality. On January 7, 2020, a patient in Wuhan, China, with pneumonia-like symptoms had a novel coronavirus found in lung fluid. In 1980, the smallpox disease was formally deemed extinct worldwide. The cause of smallpox is unknown. The discovery of smallpox-like lesions on Egyptian mummies indicates that the illness has existed for at least 3000 years. The Ebola virus, a member of the filovirus family that affects both humans and other primates, causes the severe illness known as Ebola virus disease (EVD). The idea that swine influenza was a sickness related to human flu was originally put forth when pigs were ill during the 1918 flu pandemic at the same time as humans. Because viruses vary in their structural, anatomical, and molecular makeup, distinct viral diseases can be detected or tested using different methodologies, procedures, or diagnostic tools. Viral vaccines come in a wide variety of varieties in the pharmaceutical industry. From a medical perspective, several treatments are used for various viral illnesses.
Digestibility of Proteins in Legumes
Authors: A. Misquitta Stephanie , N. Kshirsagar Deepika , R. Dange Pooja , G. Choudhari Vikram , M. Kabra Mukund
Published: April 2023

Legume proteins have recently attracted interest from the food industry. Indeed, they are economical and have good nutritional and functional attributes. In addition to being important for growth and maintenance, they also provide antioxidant peptides, and are hence gaining importance for these additional health benefits. The nutritional benefits of leguminous seeds, are linked to the digestibility of the proteins into peptides and amino acids. Seed proteins have a complex structure. Coexisting with these proteins in the seed matrix, are other components that interfere with protein digestibility. Among them, are the antinutritional factors (ANFs), like trypsin inhibitors, which are also significant in animal nutrition. Thus, improving access to legume proteins, often depends on the removal of these inhibitors. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the factors affecting the efficient digestion of proteins, with emphasis on ANFs and methods to eliminate them. Enzymatic treatment is an effective method to solve the problems encountered. Exogenous enzymes, act as digestive aids and help improve protein digestibility in vivo, where digestion is impaired due to insufficient digestive enzymes. Enzymes provide an environment-friendly alternative to energy-intensive processes in the food industry. Complete digestion of legumes will prevent wastage and enhance food security, besides contributing to sustainability.
Understanding the Assistive Potential of Consumer Technologies: A Case Example of Smartphones, Smart Speakers, and Internet of Things Technologies
Authors: Boyle Bryan , O’Brolcháin Fiachra
Published: April 2023

Assistive technology by its very design seeks to maintain, improve, or facilitate the functional capabilities of people with disabilities and older people. Traditionally, assistive technologies have been specialist in nature defined by the functional capabilities that it is linked to. However, digital consumer technologies such Digital Voice Assistants are increasingly building ever greater functionality in efforts to appeal to users, including those with disabilities. Aimed at a general market as opposed to being restricted to people with a disability, consumer products, with their lower cost thresholds, can provide a good ratio of social return on investment. Furthermore, the growing interoperability of technologies such as smartphones, smart speakers, and internet of things is building hitherto unanticipated opportunities for people with disabilities. This chapter examines the assistive potential of a range of consumer digital technologies and explores how they can benefit people with disabilities and older people. Issues pertaining to risks to personal information, autonomy as well as consent while using these technologies are also outlined. Finally, this chapter concludes with reflections as to how future consumer products can seek to balance the benefits that can be accrued from their use with concerns for respecting the privacy of people with disabilities.
The Use of Plants as Phytobiotics: A New Challenge
Authors: Cyrille Houketchang Ndomou Serge , Kuietche Mube Herve
Published: April 2023

The search for bioactive compounds of natural origin, also called phytobiotics, has become a major challenge for industrialists, farmers, and scientists alike. Phytobiotics are compounds known for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, detoxifying, flavoring, and digestive-stimulating properties. These beneficial effects of phytobiotics depend on the part of the plant used (bark, leaves, stem, roots, fruit, flower, seeds) or their extract. Regarding their classification, there are several types of active compounds derived from plants, also grouped under the name of secondary metabolites such as tannins, polyphenols, terpenes, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, cyanides, and glycosides. Concerning their role, phytobiotics are used as feed additives to improve growth performance, nutritional status, and biochemical parameters of humans and animals. They can also be used ethno-medically for the prophylaxis and curative treatment of diseases such as diabetes, obesity, kidney stones, insomnia, gout, hemorrhoids, acne, and eye problems.
Taxing Energy as Innovation Driver in the European Union
Authors: Gabriela Lagos-Rodríguez Mª
Published: April 2023

A significant European Union’s concern is overcoming dependence on fossil fuels and generating sustainable and environmentally friendly growth. Public decisions must be adopted to ensure this objective considering the widespread agreement about promoting energy change implies a technological transformation derived from R&D. This chapter is focused on the relationship between energy taxation and environmental R&D. The question is whether European taxation’s role is suitable for promoting energy change. The main conclusion is that beyond the fact that green taxes are a low percentage of the total collection, their configurations are more designed to internalise pollution’s cost than favour R&D. Despite energy taxation has been directed at the fundamental objective of revenue collection, it is necessary that public tax policies should be designed considering their role as a driver of environmental R&D. Taxes on traditional energy sources should adapt their structure considering the level of CO2 emissions as well as the impact of investment tax credits on the Corporate Income Tax should be assessed as drivers of environmental R&D. A limitation of this study is the lack of available data to link these incentives to the patents on green energy sources which constitutes an objective to achieve in future research.
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Authors: Edinger Julia ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: April 2023

What causes a person to cheat on their spouse? How do you know if someone is truly repentant for their actions, or if they are only repentant because they were caught? In this philosophical short story fiction, Jacob is in a stable, if unexciting marriage to Dina, the mother of their two children. However, Jacob is also having an affair with the younger Sasha, the neighborhood barista. Jacob feels some guilt for his actions but heads off to meet and have sex, with Sasha on her break. After intercourse she opens his phone and finds out, for the first time, he is married. Sasha tells Jacob he must tell his wife of his infidelity by 4pm, or she will call herself. Jacob rushes home, a truly penitent man, ready to confess his wrongdoing, and beg for forgiveness. However, moments before confessing to his wife, he sees on the news that Sasha has been killed in a car accident.
“The Pealing of Stillness”
Authors: Moore Ian Alexander ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2023

Addressing the place of the Austrian poet, Georg Trakl, in the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer, this article turns in particular to Trakl’s poem “A Winter Evening” in order to unfold a sense of language in dialogue with the poet. This engagement equally becomes the occasion for Gadamer to confront Heidegger, whose own reading of Trakl becomes both an inspiration and a challenge.
Digital Twins of the Ocean can foster a sustainable blue economy in a protected marine environment
Authors: Brönner Ute , Sonnewald Maike , Visbeck Martin
Published: April 2023

While the field of hydrography is crucial for maritime navigation and other maritime applications, oceanography is the field that provides the relevant data and knowledge for predicting climate change, monitoring marine resources, and exploring marine life. Digital ocean twins combine these two exciting fields and combine ocean observations and ocean models to establish virtual representations of a real world system, in this case the ocean or an ocean area, as well as assets in the ocean and processes within ocean industries or the natural environment. They have the potential to play a critical role in optimising and supporting sustainable ocean development. Digital Twins are synchronised with their real-world counterparts at a specific frequency and fidelity. They can provide valuable insights into the ocean's state and its evolution over time, which can be used to support decision-making in ocean governance and various ocean-related industries. Digital ocean twins can transform human ocean interactions by accelerating holistic understanding, optimal decision-making, and effective interventions. Digital twins of the ocean use ocean observations, historical and forecast data to represent the past and present and simulate possible future scenarios. They are motivated by outcomes, tailored to use cases, powered by integration, built on data, guided by domain knowledge, and implemented in IT systems. In this article, we explore the benefits of digital twins for the ocean, the challenges in developing them, and the current state of the art in ocean digital twin technology. One of the main benefits of digital ocean twins is their ability to provide accurate predictions of ocean conditions under expected interventions. Their information can be used to support decision- making in various applications including ocean-related industries, such as fishing, shipping, and offshore energy production. Additionally, digital twins can help to improve our understanding of the ocean's complex processes and their interactions with human activities, such as climate change, pollution, resource extraction and overfishing. Researchers and IT companies are combining various technologies and data sources, such as the Internet of Things for ocean observations, state of the art data science, artificial intelligence and machine learning, data spaces and vocabularies into digital ocean twins to contextualise data, improve the accuracy of ocean models and make ocean knowledge more accessible to a wide range of users.
Correlation Between History of Birth Control Usage and Incidence of Gingivitis among Pregnant Women in Ambulu Public Health Center, Jember District: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rosanti Nadia Dian , Perwitasari Dinar Rizqi , Fa’ni Renidya Asyura Muttabi’ Deya
Published: April 2023

Using birth control (BC) can affect gingiva tissue, increasing the risk of developing gingivitis among women of reproductive age. Based on the Central Bureau of Statistics census, in 2021 61,77% of women in their reproductive age have used contraception and birth control in East Java. This study aims to find the correlation between the history and birth control usage and the incidence of gingivitis among pregnant women in Ambulu Public Health Center. This study uses a cross-sectional method with an analytical observational approach on pregnant women who visited the Dental Outpatient and received dental examinations in April and May of 2022. Thirty respondents were gathered with a history of birth control usage and evaluated using the dentist's Periodontal Index (PI). The results show that nine respondents (30%) had no history of using BC, two respondents (6.6%) used BC pills, ten respondents (33.3%) used 1-month injection BC, five respondents (16.6%) used 3-month injection BC, two respondents (6.6%) used implants BC and two respondents (6.6%) used IUD. From the cross table, one respondent (3.3%) was in the normal category, 1 respondent (3.3%) was in the simple gingivitis category, 15 respondents (50%) were in the early destructive periodontal disease category, and 13 respondents (43.4%) were in the destructive periodontitis. The data are analyzed using Chi-square result, showing that the significant value is p = 0,049 (p<0,05), so it can be concluded there is a significant relation between history of birth control usage and incidence of gingivitis in Ambulu Public Health Center. Dental and oral examinations are highly recommended in routine as early detection of health problems among pregnant women.
Health Promotion Using Jigsaw Cooperative Method for Enhancing Knowledge and Attitude on Anemia Prevention among Adolescents in Gunungkidul
Authors: Fa'ni Renidya Asyura Muttabi Deya , Rosanti Nadia Dian , Perwitasari Dinar Rizqi
Published: April 2023

Based on census data from Gunungkidul Health Department in 2022, 3 out of 10 female adolescents have anemia. Anemia is a health problem requiring more attention due to its influence on health and pregnancy complications among women in their reproductive age. Anemia among adolescents is related to their health knowledge and attitude. Health promotion using the cooperative jigsaw method is one of the effective methods to gain new knowledge among adolescents. This study aims to find the effectiveness of the cooperative jigsaw method on anemia prevention knowledge and attitude among female adolescents. This study uses quasi-experiment with pre-post test using control group. Using probability sampling, 60 female students from SMKN 1 Wonosari and SMKN 3 Wonosari are gathered to be this study’s respondents. The result shows that the average knowledge in the jigsaw cooperative group is 37,65 while in the conventional group is 23,35 with a P-value = 0,001. The average increase on attitude on the jigsaw cooperative group is 43,42 while in the conventional group is 17,58 with a P-value = 0,000. There is a significant difference in the average increase of knowledge and attitude in the cooperative jigsaw group on anemia prevention among female adolescents. Based on this, the cooperative jigsaw method is expected to be used as a method in health education.
Identity and Artificial Intelligence in The Adventures of Pinocchio
Authors:   MultiMedia, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: April 2023

Pinocchio is, above all, what he is not. His identity is often played to the limit, imagined by himself and everyone he meets along the way. Pinocchio is the name of life that is simultaneously inorganic, human and animal. For this reason, it is the possible name of a radical desertion: to identify at the same time with oneself and with someone other than oneself. One question that can be deduced from The Adventures of Pinocchio is whether such an intelligent machine would like to become "human"? In fact, before Pinocchio becomes a real boy, he does everything that real boys do, including the disobedience to their parents.
Nowcasting the Gold Prices in Türkiye Employing Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Networks
Authors:   PhD., Centrade Fulfillment Services co-founder, Karsiyaka, Izmir, Türkiye, Tuncsiper Dr. Cagatay
Published: April 2023

Gold is a valuable metal which is widely used to accumulate capital and also as the raw material for a spectrum of jewellery and technological devices. Considering the broad utilization of gold, it is important to model the gold prices on both the country and the global levels. In this study, the gold price in Türkiye is modelled dependent on various related factors. The import, export and production amounts of gold as well as the exchange rate are considered as the input data affecting the gold prices. The seasonal-trend decompositions of the data are analysed as the first step. Then, a multilayer perceptron type deep learning network is developed in Python programming language for the modelling of the gold prices in Türkiye for the period of 2013M01-2023M02. The 70% of the available data is used as the training data whereas 30% of the data is taken as the test data. The actual gold prices and the results of the developed multilayer perceptron deep learning model are plotted which visually shows that the developed model accurately nowcasts the gold prices. The performance metrics of the developed nowcasting model namely the coefficient of determination, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error and the root mean square error are also calculated which further verify the accuracy of the developed model. It is argued that the developed model for the modelling of the gold prices can also be used for other countries or regions.
ความชุกและรูปแบบลายพิมพ์อาร์อีพีของยีน blaOXA-51, blaNDM-1, blaADC, aphA6 และ ISAba125 ใน Acinetobacter baumannii ที่แยกได้จากสิ่งส่งตรวจของผู้ป่วย จังหวัดพิษณุโลก
Authors:   , ศรชัย จริยา
Published: April 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii เป็นเชื้อที่สำคัญที่ก่อให้เกิดการติดเชื้อภายในโรงพยาบาลและมีการดื้อยาปฏิชีวนะหลายชนิดเพิ่มมากขึ้น โดยการสร้างเอนไซม์ทำลายยาเป็นกลไกการดื้อยาที่มีความสำคัญและพบได้บ่อย ในการศึกษาครั้งนี้ได้ทำในเชื้อ A. baumannii ที่แยกได้จากสิ่งส่งตรวจตั้งแต่เดือนกรกฎาคม 2561 ถึง กุมภาพันธ์ 2562 จำนวน 257 ตัวอย่าง นำมาตรวจหาความชุกของยีนที่สร้างเอนไซม์ beta-lactamase เอนไซม์ cephalosporinase เอนไซม์ aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) และอินเซอร์ชันซีเควน (ISAba125) โดยปฏิกิริยาลูกโซ่พอลิเมอเรส และหาความหลากหลายทางสายพันธุ์ของเชื้อด้วยวิธี repetitive element polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR)

 ผลการศึกษาพบว่าเชื้อ A. baumannii 221 ตัวอย่าง (ร้อยละ 86.0) เป็นเชื้อที่ดื้อยาหลายชนิด (multidrug-resistant A. baumannii : MDR-AB) โดยเชื้อ A. baumannii 257 ตัวอย่าง ให้ผลบวกกับยีน blaOXA-51 คิดเป็นร้อยละ 100.0 รองลงมาได้แก่ ยีน blaADC ยีน blaNDM-1 ยีน ISAba125 และยีน aphA6 คิดเป็นร้อยละ 38.5, 8.2, 6.2 และ 2.3 ตามลำดับ โดยพบ blaOXA-51 ร่วมกับยีน blaADC มากที่สุดคิดเป็นร้อยละ 35.0  ในการศึกษาครั้งนี้สามารถจำแนกความหลากหลายทางสายพันธุ์ของเชื้อ A. baumannii ด้วยวิธี rep-pcr ได้ 18 กลุ่ม  โดยพบว่ากลุ่มที่ 1 และ กลุ่มที่ 2 ซึ่งเป็นกลุ่มหลักที่ใหญ่ที่สุด กลุ่มที่ 1 พบยีน blaOXA-51 (ร้อยละ 59.7) และ blaOXA-51 ร่วมกับยีน blaADC  (ร้อยละ 35.5) มากที่สุด และพบเป็นเชื้อดื้อยาหลายขนานสูงถึงร้อยละ 85.5  กลุ่มที่ 2 พบยีน blaOXA-51 (ร้อยละ 25.0) และ blaOXA-51 ร่วมกับยีน blaADC  (ร้อยละ 75.0) มากที่สุดเช่นเดียวกัน และพบเป็นเชื้อดื้อยาหลายขนานสูงถึงร้อยละ 100.0 จากการศึกษาครั้งนี้สามารถนำมาใช้เป็นข้อมูลเบื้องต้นสำหรับการควบคุมป้องกันการแพร่กระจายของยีนดื้อยาและเชื้อแบคทีเรียดื้อยาในอนาคตต่อไป