bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urbanización y municipalización en territorio indígena
Authors: García Gualda Suyai Malen
Published: June 2021

La provincia de Neuquén (Argentina) es una zona altamente codiciada por sus valiosos recursos naturales. La diversidad de sus riquezas la han convertido en un espacio preciado por inversores inmobiliarios, sobre todo en zonas dedicadas a la explotación turística y en áreas estratégicas para el desarrollo de la economía de enclave. Considerando este panorama, nos proponemos analizar cómo los procesos de municipalización y urbanización han impactado nocivamente en los pueblos indígenas, especialmente sobre las comunidades mapuce[1]. Nuestro objetivo central es reflexionar sobre cómo el derecho al acceso a la tierra y al territorio es vulnerado, especialmente en contextos de creciente urbanización, tanto por la ausencia de políticas distributivas como por conductas discriminatorias que niegan los derechos identitarios y culturales reconocidos por la normativa vigente. Entendemos que la ausencia de políticas públicas de estas características restringe la ciudadanía de estos grupos, lo cual es una clara violación a la justicia social.
 
[1]En este artículo se utiliza el término “mapuce” sin h intermedia y en singular, según el grafemario de Ragileo.
Segregación y pobreza multidimensional en el sistema urbano colombiano
Authors: Mayorga Henao José Mario , Hernández Laura Milena , Lozano María Camila
Published: June 2021

El artículo tiene como objetivos identificar los patrones de distribución de la pobreza multidimensional en las principales aglomeraciones urbanas del Sistema de Ciudades colombiano y estimar la magnitud de la segregación residencial entre la población pobre y no pobre asentada en estos territorios. A partir de una reflexión conceptual sobre la pobreza y la segregación, se plantea un estudio comparativo para establecer cómo este fenómeno se presenta en el Sistema de Ciudades, mediante la implementación de múltiples métodos de análisis espacial y estadístico que permiten construir índices a diferentes escalas. Lo anterior, permite concluir que el fenómeno de la segregación residencial presenta particularidades en sus patrones de distribución geográfica al interior de cada aglomeración urbana.
Trend characteristics of rainy days and evaporation at a tropical rainforest region in East Malaysia, Borneo
Authors: MV Ninu Krishna , MV Prasanna , H Vijith
Published: June 2021

Impact of climate change over the hydrological system in a region can be identified through statistical characterization of hydrometerological parameters such as rainfall, temperature, humidity and evaporation. In order to understand the influence of climate change, statistical trend characteristics of rainy days, non-rainy days and evaporation rate in the Limbang River Basin (LRB) in Sarawak, Malaysia, Northern Borneo was assessed in the present research. Annual rainfall and monthly evaporation data, over a period of 46 years, (1970 - 2015) corresponding to three rain gauging stations, the Limbang DID, Ukong and Long Napir were used in the research. Linear regression model, Mann Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator techniques were applied to detect the statistical trends in rainy days and evaporation. A statistically significant increasing trend in annual rainy days was found at all the stations. Non-rainy days showed a statistically significant decreasing trend at Limbang DID and Ukong. Monthly evaporation rates showed an overall increasing trend and the greatest increasing trend in evaporation was observed in September (2.55 mm/year) for the Limbang DID and in December (2.61 mm/year) for Ukong. Evaporation measured at the Ukong station also showed a non-significant decrease during June and September. A comparison of the evaporation controlling meteorological variables such as rainfall, temperature and relative humidity indicates inter-influence at various strengths. Along with local precipitation characteristics, wind and fluctuation of atmospheric temperature over the region plays a vital role in increased rate of evaporation from the region. Overall, the analysis identified a statistically significant increasing trend in rainy days and evaporation in the LRB. The results of the present research can be used as critical planning data for micro and macro hydroelectric projects in the river basin.
Investigation on Mining Subsidence Based on Sentinel-1A Data by SBAS-InSAR technology—Case Study of Ningdong Coalfield, China
Authors: Ma Fei , Sui Lichun
Published: June 2021

Ground deformation characterization was difficult to obtain over large spatial areas before the invention of the Satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) technique. Especially underground mining in the Loess Plateau of China, it causes large-scale ground damage within a short period of time. A small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithm can overcome some limitations of InSAR technology, such as temporal decorrelation, spatial decorrelation, and atmospheric delay. In this study, SBAS-InSAR technology was applied to process 19 scenes of Sentinel-1A data in Ningdong Coalfield, China. We investigated and analyzed the mining subsidence status from March 2015 to June 2016. There are 6 ground deformation areas in the cumulative subsidence maps, and the maximum cumulative subsidence value is -178cm distributed in the Renjiazhuang mining area during this period. The deformation rate map shows that the maximum deformation rate was -117cm/year. GPS data above the working tunnel was collected in six mining areas in Shigouyi. The subsidence value of SBAS data is consistent with GPS observation station data. The results reveal the evolution process of subsidence in mining subsidence and are helpful to the early warning of the mine disaster.
Calibration Method of Petroleum Underground Horizon Based on High Precision Gravity and Magnetic Exploration
Authors: Zang Kai , Wei Jiuchuan , Yu Linsong , Wan Fang , Hu Zunfang , Li Yang
Published: June 2021

Because the high-precision calibration results of the petroleum underground layer are of great significance for oil production efficiency, research on the calibration method of the petroleum underground layer based on high precision gravity and magnetic exploration is researched. The gravity magnetic model is used to retrieve the bedrock depth, and the results of the basement structure and sedimentary rock distribution of the gravity and magnetic geology in the petroleum underground horizon of the Tongbai basin are obtained. On this basis, the geological data, logging data, seismic data, and VSP data are comprehensively used, and the layered calibration method is used to calibrate the petroleum underground layer of the Tongbai basin. Considering the seismic datum and the core elevation in the area, the rock formation is divided by various logging curves. The average time difference and density of the divided rock layers are interpolated at equal depth intervals to obtain velocity sequences and density sequences at equal time intervals and finally realize time-depth conversion. When the drilling geological horizon is unified, the synthetic record of the seismic reflection layer is compared with the geological horizon to realize the horizon calibration of the seismic reflection layer. When the local stratification is not uniform, the seismic reflection layer is calibrated by tracking the seismic reflection layer, high-precision velocity analysis, and various synthetic records to verify the reliability of the geological horizon. The results show that the proposed method can accurately survey the geological conditions of the Tongbai basin. It detected 14 basement faults, and the NW-trending and NE-trending faults controlled the basin, while the north-south faults controlled the later evolution of the basin. The method can be used for the horizon calibration of inclined wells, which is suitable not only for anisotropic media but also for formations with a less lateral variation of local formation lithology. Moreover, its usage is flexible, and it can be corrected by multiple speed data.
The characteristics of unconventional tight oil reservoir and its modification technology and productivity prediction
Authors: Fan Yang , Lifeng Liu , Qiquan Ran , Jinping Kong , Mengya Xu , Jiaxin Dong
Published: June 2021

The zonal productivity prediction model of volume fractured horizontal wells in tight reservoirs is established in this study based on the physical model of volume fractured horizontal wells to study the near-well seepage law of volume fractured horizontal wells in unconventional tight reservoirs. The conformal transformation and iteration method are used to solve the problem. Compared with Fan Zifei's and Ning Zhengfu's method, the optimization of fractured horizontal wells' production parameters is studied. The effects of starting pressure gradient and fracture cluster number on horizontal wells' productivity with volume fracturing are analyzed. Multivariate regression analysis is used to rank the importance of influencing factors. The results show that the starting pressure gradient has the most significant impact on capacity. The application example of volume fractured horizontal wells in Lucaogou tight reservoir shows that the zonal productivity model established in this study can be used to predict the initial productivity of volume fractured horizontal wells. Thus, through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the productivity prediction model of horizontal wells with volume fracturing has certain guiding significance for the effective development of tight reservoirs.
Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the management of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in pediatric population
Authors: Cabrera-Bernal Edgar Vladimir , Torres-Amaya Marcela , Vallejo-Ortega María Teresa , Linares-Ballesteros Adriana , Sarmiento-Urbina Isabel Cristina , Contreras-Acosta Agustín Darío , Castro-Dager Ángel , Montenegro-Aguilar Lylliam Patricia , Lotero-Díaz Viviana
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia in children, with a reported incidence of 1.1-12.5 cases per 100 000 children. However, currently, there are several definitions of ITP, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Objective: To develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline (CPG) to standardize the definition of ITP and, in this way, reduce the variability of its diagnosis, and to provide indications for the treatment of acute, persistent, and chronic ITP in patients under 18 years of age.
Materials and methods: The CPG was prepared by a multidisciplinary group that followed the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) guidelines for developing CPGs, formulated PICO clinical questions, and conducted systematic reviews. GRADE evidence profiles were created and recommendations, with their corresponding level of evidence and strength, were made after a panel of experts assessed the benefit-risk balance, the quality of evidence, the patients’ values and preferences, and the context in which they should be implemented.
Results: A total of 23 recommendations were made to pediatricians, hematologists, and health professionals working in emergency services for treating acute, persistent, and chronic ITP. Overall, the CPG has low quality of evidence, and the recommendations were made in order to improve the success rate of ITP treatment and the prognosis of children with this condition.
Conclusions: Although ITP is the main cause of thrombocytopenia in pediatrics, to date there is not enough high-quality evidence that supports the recommendations presented here for its proper classification and treatment in children. Thus, further studies providing high-quality evidence on this issue are required.
Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to assess the clinical skills of physical therapy students when using physical agents
Authors: De la Barra-Ortiz Hernán Andrés , Gómez-Miranda Luis Adrián , De la Fuente-Astroza Juan Ignacio
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The use of physical agents in physical therapy (PT) requires clinical reasoning, as well as knowledge of their risks and contraindications; however, deficiencies may be observed when used in clinical practice.
Objective: To implement the Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) method for the assessment of clinical skills among physical therapy specialty students when using physical agents.
Materials and methods: A pilot, non-experimental, cross-sectional study was conducted in 114 physical therapy students enrolled during the first semester of 2019 in a physical agents course offered at the Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile. The OSCE consisted of 7 peer-validated stations, in which various skills were implemented in simulated clinical scenarios to achieve learning outcomes associated with the use of physical agents, namely: S1: connective tissue flexibility; S2: muscle relaxation; S3: analgesia; S4: drainage; S5: muscle strengthening; S6: parameter interpretation; and S7: equipment installation. Observers at each station assessed students’ clinical skills and decision-making using a checklist. OSCE scores were described using medians and interquartile ranges, representing the data dispersion between the 25th and 75th percentile (P25-P75). Station scores by sex were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: Median scores were higher than the minimum passing score in stations S1 (66, IQR: 52-70), S2 (55, IQR: 45-60), S3 (60, IQR: 50-69), S4 (65, IQR: 55-73), and S7 (40, IQR: 33-45), but they were below the passing score in stations S5 (54, IQR:46-65) and S6 (10, IQR: 9-13). In addition, 101 (88.59%) students had a global passing score in the OSCE.
Conclusion: The OSCE scores obtained by the participants show their attainment of clinical skills when using physical agents since most of them obtained a global passing score; however, reinforcing the clinical skills for parameter interpretation is necessary, considering that the lowest mean score was obtained in said station.
Risk of cardiovascular disease according to the Framingham score in patients with high blood pressure from Píllaro, Ecuador. 2017-2018
Authors: Abril-López Patricio Alejandro , Vega-Falcón Vladimir , Pimienta-Concepción Iván , Molina-Gaibor Álvaro Adrián , Ochoa-Andrade Miguel Jacob
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The use of the Framingham Risk Score is of great importance for predicting CVD risk.
Objective: To estimate the 10-year CVD risk in adult patients diagnosed high blood pressure (HBP) who visited the outpatient service of the San Miguelito de Píllaro Health Center, in Tungurahua, Ecuador, using the Framingham Risk Score (2008).
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, observational, prospective and descriptive study conducted in 120 HBP patients aged 30 to 74 years who visited the outpatient service between January and October 2017. Data were obtained from the review of medical records, which were in turn updated during the execution of the study. The Framingham risk score was used to calculate the 10-year CVD risk. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed in Epi Info 7, using absolute frequencies and percentages.
Results: Of the 120 patients, 59.17% were women. Furthermore, 15% of the participants had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 13.33% had a history of smoking, 47.50% had elevated systolic blood pressure, and 39.17% had hypercholesterolemia. CVD risk was low (≤ 1% Framingham score), intermediate (10-19%), and high (≥ 20%) in 15%, 29.16%, and 59.16% of participants, respectively. None of them had a very low CVD risk (≤1%).
Conclusion: The Framingham risk score was useful to estimate CVD risk in the study population treated in the primary health care setting. Consequently, more extensive use of this instrument in different health units is recommended to obtain better estimates of CVD risk and, as a result, achieve the implementation of health prevention and health care actions that improve the prognosis in the medium and long term, and thus the quality of life of these patients.
FRAME ANALYSIS OF MICROTEACHING IN A COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE OF TEACHERS OF ENGLISH AS AN ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: Kirsch William , Sarmento Simone
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to discuss the discourse practice of microteaching in a teaching community consisting mainly of students pursuing the teacher certification in English as an Additional Language in southern Brazil. The study relies on qualitative methods of data generation and analysis as well as on the framework of interactional sociolinguistics. Results suggest microteaching is a highly complex practice, with a recurring pattern. Additionally, they suggest that students who are considered successful in a microteaching session are those who produce such pattern in their micro-classes. We conclude by suggesting that informing participants about the expectations regarding the structure of microteaching before they engage in it is desirable.
Linezolid Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report
Authors: Harsh H. Patel  , Harsha D. Makwana  , Supriya D. Malhotra
Published: June 2021

Linezolid (LZD) is an antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of activity against virtually all clinically important Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Thrombocytopenia (TP) is a common adverse effect of Linezolid (LZD). Prolonged treatment duration, renal insufficiency, chronic liver disease, malignancy, previous vancomycin use, baseline platelet count, and lower body weight have been reported as possible risk factors for LZD-associated TP. Here, we illustrate a case of a 51-year-old male patient diagnosed with pancreatitis and urinary tract infection and was prescribed several antibiotics including Linezolid. In this case, platelets count which were initially normal started declining from day 7 of initiating Linezolid. Linezolid was withdrawn from treatment from day 9. Platelet count gradually came back to normal on day 16. This suggests reversible type of thrombocytopenia by Linezolid. This case illustrates need for careful observation of platelet count during the treatment with Linezolid.

Keywords:

Linezolid, Thrombocytopenia, Dechallenge
Quantitative insights into the dislocation source behavior of twin boundaries suggest a new dislocation source mechanism
Authors: Li Juan , Pharr G. M. , Kirchlechner C.
Published: June 2021

Pop-in statistics from nanoindentation with spherical indenters are used to determine the stress required to activate dislocation sources in twin boundaries (TBs) in copper and its alloys. The TB source activation stress is smaller than that needed for bulk single crystals, irrespective of the indenter size, dislocation density and stacking fault energy. Because an array of pre-existing Frank partial dislocations is present at a TB, we propose that dislocation emission from the TB occurs by the Frank partials splitting into Shockley partials moving along the TB plane and perfect lattice dislocations, both of which are mobile. The proposed mechanism is supported by recent high resolution transmission electron microscopy images in deformed nanotwinned (NT) metals and may help to explain some of the superior properties of nanotwinned metals (e.g. high strength and good ductility), as well as the process of detwinning by the collective formation and motion of Shockley partial dislocations along TBs.

Graphic abstract
Family interview for organ and tissue donation: good practice assumptions
Authors: Knhis Neide da Silva , Martins Sabrina Regina , Magalhães Aline Lima Pestana , Ramos Saulo Fábio , Sell Camila Telemberg , Koerich Clarice , Brehmer Laura Calvacanti de Farias
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify information that can support creating good practice assumptions to develop family interview for organ and tissue donation. Methods: this scoping study, conducted in two Brazilian hospitals in the southern, between April and December 2017, included integrative review and consultation with 15 families who experienced interview for organ donation. For data analysis, thematic content analysis was used. Results: three categories emerged: communication of death, which shows the need to know the history of hospitalization of patients; emotional support, the team must have mastery of the stages of mourning; information about donation, professionals need to know the stages of the donation process and respect families’ time. Final Considerations: good practice assumptions point to the need for team training, respect for family time and the use of simple language.
Association between the orientation received during hospitalization and the occurrence of wound healing
Authors: Ramos Fabiana Tomé , Meira Jéssica Renata Reis de , Colenci Raquel , Alencar Rúbia de Aguiar
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess whether there is an association between the orientation received during hospitalization and the occurrence of wound healing from the patient’s perspective after hospital discharge. Methods: concurrent cohort, with 180-day follow-up, held in Dermatology Ward. A total of 62 patients with wounds requiring care after discharge were evaluated between July 2015 and November 2016. Information about the orientation was obtained by phone call between 7 and 10, 60, 120 and 180 days after discharge. Results: the older the patient, the lower the chance of healing in up to ten days; and the longer the hospitalization, the lower the chance of healing. They received orientation in the high 90.3%, while 87% understood the orientations. Conclusions: there was no association between the orientation received during hospitalization and the occurrence of wound healing from the patient’s perspective after hospital discharge.
Newborn bath: construction and validation of the instrument content
Authors: Silva Maria Paula Custódio , Sampaio Mayline Verônica Rocha , Rocha Nylze Helena Guillarducci , Fonseca Luciana Mara Monti , Rocha Jesislei Bonolo do Amaral , Contim Divanice
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To build and validate the content of a good practice tool in the newborn bath. Method: Methodological study, developed from December 2018 to January 2019, in a Joint Neonatal Housing Unit of a teaching hospital, in three stages: bibliographic survey, construction of the instrument and content validation by nine judges. The content validity index was used above 80% and general analysis with ten requirements. Results: The instrument was organized in three domains: before bathing, during bathing and after bathing, with a total of 20 items. Two rounds of validation were carried out to adjust the suggestions; the second presented a percentage of agreement between the judges, equal to or above 0.82. Conclusion: The instrument “Good practices in the newborn’s bath” was considered representative and valid in terms of content.
The oral ability of premature children with regard to breastfeeding under the light of the Theory of Causation
Authors: Sousa Carolina Pereira da Cunha , Santos Viviane Euzébia Pereira , Sousa Yanna Gomes de , Souza Nilba Lima de
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the repercussions of premature babies’ oral ability concerning breastfeeding, under the light of the theory of causation. Methods: Theoretical production of reflections based on Hobbes’s theory of causation. Results: The study addresses the understanding of oral abilities as the main accident regarding the capacity of the premature newborn, which, coupled with other accidents that make up the other domains, concerning breastfeeding, is an integral cause of the phenomenon. Final considerations: Although there are protocols, even if some of them are inconsistent or incomplete, the use of criteria such as weight and gestational age as standards to understand this readiness can still be observed. However, the effect manifests itself even in the absence of these accidents, showing them as partial causes of the phenomenon, while oral ability is, by itself, a necessary cause for this event to take place.
The meaning of nursing 200 years after Nightingale - perceptions of professional practice in the intensivist context
Authors: Nunes Emanuelle Caires Dias Araújo , Szylit Regina
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to know the meaning of contemporary nursing from the experience of intensive care nurses. Methods: qualitative research based on the theoretical framework of Symbolic Interactionism and the methodological framework of Interpretive Interactionism. The setting was a general hospital in Bahia, being carried out with 12 nurses working in intensive care for at least one year, through semi-structured interviews and drawing-text-theme technique, whose data were organized according to Miles and Huberman and analyzed upon the referential. Results: the sense of being a nurse was evidenced; a being for care, resulting from the experience in intensive care, capable of promoting the development of professional self-image, by causing, in nurses, other skills - besides the scientific ones, such as empathy, creativity, spirituality and compassion. Final Considerations: the sense of being a nurse, currently, expresses developments inherited from the Nightingalean proposal, but transcends the technical-managerial emphasis of this to a humanistic care perspective converging with our contemporary professional identity: a being for care.
Information demands from families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Weissheimer Gisele , Mazza Verônica de Azevedo , Santana Julia Mazul , Ruthes Victoria Beatriz Trevisan Nobrega Martins , Freitas Cibelly Aliny Siqueira Lima
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the information demands of families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Method: this is a qualitative study conducted through semi-structured and audio-recorded interviews with 55 family members, in the states of Paraná, Ceará, and Macapá, between September 2018 and September 2019. Thematic category analysis and Qualitative Data Analysis Software resources were used for data organization. Results: it was identified that families need information regarding the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (definition, cause, possibility of cure, prognosis and the probability of having another child with Autism Spectrum Disorder); child’s routine and behavior; future rights and expectations. Final considerations: information demands are relevant to support professionals, health managers and other services in health care organization to support families of children with autism.
Patient participation in care safety: Primary Health Care professionals’ perception
Authors: Carvalho Pedro Rodrigues , Ferraz Emannuela Sofia Dantas , Teixeira Cristiane Chagas , Machado Valéria Bertonha , Bezerra Ana Lúcia Queiroz , Paranaguá Thatianny Tanferri de Brito
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze health professionals’ perception about the meaning and practice of patient involvement in care safety in Primary Health Care. Methods: this is an exploratory, qualitative study, developed with 22 professionals in the Federal District, Brazil. A semi-structured interview was conducted between October and November/2018. Content analysis was carried out according to Bardin. Results: nurses, physicians, dentists, among others, participated. The following categories emerged: Meaning of patient involvement in care safety; Factors intervening in patient involvement in care safety; Strategies for patient involvement in care safety; Qualification for patient involvement in care safety. Final Considerations: the meaning of patient involvement for care safety was associated with co-responsibility and patient-centered care. Professionals’ practice revealed intervening factors and the use of involvement strategies. A gap was identified in training on patient involvement in care safety.
Potential of soil cover with plastic film for the setting of sweet orange orchards
Authors: Pacheco Camilla de Andrade , Girardi Eduardo Augusto , Silva Samuel de Moura , Gueiros José Adelmo Souto , Bassanezi Renato Beozzo
Published: June 2021

Abstract Soil cover with plastic film is a practice used to optimize the agronomic performance of different crops, but its behavior in the citrus growing conditions of Brazil remains unknown. Five experiments in commercial orchards located in the state of São Paulo, in rainfed or irrigated systems, were carried out to evaluate the effect of soil cover with plastic film (white/black or silver/black color) on the vegetative growth and initial production of sweet orange trees up to 3.5 years after planting. In each location and experiment, completely randomized design was used, with four to ten replicates and five to twelve useful trees per plot. Considering the set of results, soil cover with plastic film increased the average canopy volume by 27% and the average production per tree by 33% compared to control trees without plastic cover. The positive effect of plastic cover was observed until the third year of its application, gradually decreasing with its degradation. In general, greater relative increases were observed in variables evaluated with the use of plastic cover in rainfed experiments than irrigated ones, while the effect of white/black either silver/black films was similar.
FOCAL DEPENDENCE, LOGICAL PRIORITY AND THE UNITY OF ARISTOTLE’S METAPHYSICS
Authors: Robert Gastón
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT A long-standing problem in Aristotelian scholarship concerns the question of how to reconcile Aristotle’s twofold description of metaphysics as ontology (the universal science of being qua being) and theology (the science of the changeless and separate substance). An important attempt to answer this question (advanced first by G. Patzig) consists in saying that the changeless and separate substance is focally prior to (or the focal meaning of) substance and therefore to being in general (since substance is focally prior to being in general). This article aims to refute this kind of approach to the problem of the unity of Aristotle’s metaphysics by arguing that (i) relations of focal meaning entail the logical (definitional) priority of the prior items over the dependent items standing in such relations; (ii) the changeless and separate substance is not logically prior to the other types of substances distinguished by Aristotle; and, therefore, (iii) the changeless and separate substance is not focally prior to (the focal meaning of) substance.
ESSENCIALISMO MEREOLÓGICO, CORPOS E PESSOAS
Authors: Santos Pedro
Published: June 2021

RESUMO A ideia de reduzir o discurso sobre corpos ao discurso sobre agregados é motivada por meio de uma série de problemas metafísicos envolvendo a noção de corpo. Em seguida, duas estratégias de redução são apresentadas. Na primeira, cada corpo é identificado a uma construção lógica envolvendo mundos possíveis e instante do tempo. Na segunda, corpos são tratados como ficções lógicas. A viabilidade de ambas as estratégias é defendida. Embora uma decisão sobre qual das duas é preferível não seja tomada, um aspecto relevante para a comparação é salientado: a segunda abordagem conduz a uma encruzilhada desagradável quanto à natureza das pessoas.
ÜBER DIE TECHNISCHE SELBSTBESTIMMUNG DES MENSCHEN Ein begrifflicher und phänomenologischer Beitrag zur Erklärung der Fragen nach Eugenik, Transhumanismus, und dgl.
Authors: Altobrando Andrea
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKT Insbesondere nach den Katastrophen des Zweiten Weltkriegs wurde die Beziehung zwischen menschlicher Natur und Technologie hauptsächlich in „Promethean“-Begriffen diskutiert. Es wurde entsprechend diskutiert, da es darum geht, die Fähigkeit und möglicherweise die Notwendigkeit des Menschen, technisch zu denken und zu handeln, d. h. mit Hilfe technischer Geräte. Dies betrifft ebenso die menschliche Möglichkeit, die Umwelt technisch zu verändern. Infolge der letzteren, beeindruckenden Fortschritte und Errungenschaften in den Bereichen Biotechnologie, Pharmazie usw., beziehen sich die neuen Fragen, die an diese Felder gestellt werden können, eher auf die Geschichte von Ikarus. Der rätselhafte Kern dieses Mythos entspricht der Fähigkeit, die menschliche Natur irgendwie zu verändern, sowie die Notwendigkeit, dies zu tun, und, abgesehen von den Risiken, die Ziele solcher Modifikationen. In diesem Artikel wird eine gleichzeitig begriffliche und phänomenologische Analyse hinsichtlich der Beziehung zwischen technischen Fähigkeiten, technischen Produkten, menschlichen Bedürfnissen und menschlichen Wünschen, durchgeführt. Obwohl eine solche Analyse es ermöglichen sollte, aktuelle Fragen ebenso zu den ethischen Seiten technischer (Selbst-) Eingriffe in die menschliche „Natur“ besser zu erfassen, soll dieser Artikel nur dazu beitragen, den Zusammenhang zwischen Menschsein und Technologie zu klären.
ACTUALIDAD DE GEORG SIMMEL. UN ESTUDIO EN TORNO A SU CONCEPTO DE STIMMUNG
Authors: Chicote Francisco Garcia
Published: June 2021

RESUMEN Interesado en los motivos que impulsaron la recuperación de Georg Simmel como sociólogo de la modernidad, el artículo indaga el rol que desempeña en su ensayística el concepto de estado de ánimo (Stimmung), de probada relevancia en la tradición filosófica alemana, pero escasamente estudiado para el caso de Simmel. Se sostiene que el carácter radicalmente subjetivista que asume la Stimmung condiciona su comprensión de la dialéctica entre sujeto y objeto. Para demostrar tal hipótesis, el artículo recorre el desarrollo de la noción en la obra de Simmel: esta comienza en la reflexión sobre la representación artística del paisaje, pasa a constituir un modo de valoración estrictamente subjetivista y termina desempeñando un rol considerable en la metafísica de la modernidad, lo que fomenta elementos apologéticos.
THE GROUNDS OF KNOWLEDGE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN KUHN’S PARADIGMS AND FOUCAULT’S EPISTEMES
Authors: Pirozelli Paulo
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Thomas Kuhn’s “paradigms” and Michel Foucault’s “epistemes” are often seen as similar concepts, in that both would establish necessary conditions of knowledge. However, how close are they to each other? The aim of this article is to compare these two concepts in detail. Firstly, I discuss the similarities and differences between paradigms and epistemes regarding a number of aspects, as well as their respective functions within Kuhn’s and Foucault’s approaches. The analysis is organized around a series of topics, such as “definition” and “scope,” with the intention of facilitating the comparison. Next, I examine some comments that Foucault and Kuhn made on each other’s work, paying particular attention to matters related to the nature and role of paradigms and epistemes.
A herança africana e a construção do Estado brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Paulo Roberto de
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender como, de maneira aparentemente paradoxal no Brasil, com uma sociedade erigida em estreita relação com o Continente Africano, se construiu um Estado que desde suas primeiras décadas de existência mostrou-se hostil aos africanos e a seus descendentes, promovendo, ao contrário, a continuidade de uma civilização europeia nos trópicos.
Visões e práticas de mulheres vivendo com HIV/aids sobre reprodução, sexualidade e direitos
Authors: Carvalho Jamille Maria Rodrigues , Monteiro Simone Souza
Published: June 2021

Resumo: O artigo analisa as visões e práticas sobre reprodução, sexualidade e direitos de mulheres vivendo com HIV/aids (MVHA). O estudo, de caráter qualitativo, teve, por base, entrevistas feitas em dois momentos, 2013 e 2018, com sete MVHA atendidas em serviços de referência em HIV/aids no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram investigadas opiniões e vivências sobre maternidade, interações afetivo-sexuais, feminismo e direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Os achados revelam a percepção naturalizada das entrevistadas sobre o corpo feminino e a sua responsabilização acerca dos eventos da vida sexual e reprodutiva. Nota-se uma associação entre direito reprodutivo e direito de escolha da maternidade ou da participação dos pais na criação dos filhos. Quanto aos direitos sexuais, prevaleceu a concepção do direito de escolha da mulher (ou pessoa) diante das demandas, imposições ou violência para fazer sexo, incluindo o contexto das relações matrimonias. A conjuntura sociocultural mostrou-se mais determinante das práticas preventivas e trajetória reprodutiva do que a sorologia do HIV. Foi notado a capacidade das MVHA de remodelar práticas ligadas à rotina de cuidado com a família, à maternidade, a escolhas contraceptivas e ao exercício da sexualidade. Mas, as normas tradicionais de gênero se mostram fortemente nas suas dinâmicas familiares, e o alcance dessas transformações é mediado pelo contexto sociocultural e econômico. Assim, o menor acesso a bens simbólicos dos estratos populares, que caracteriza o universo das mulheres entrevistadas, compromete o acesso desses grupos a conquistas relativas à liberdade sexual e à autonomia feminina.
Near miss neonatal em hospitais de referência para gestação e parto de alto risco: estudo transversal
Authors: França Karla Eveline Ximenes de , Vilela Mirella Bezerra Rodrigues , Frias Paulo Germano de , Chaves Milena Ayres , Sarinho Silvia Wanick
Published: June 2021

O objetivo do artigo foi descrever e comparar indicadores de near miss neonatal em hospitais de referência para gestação e parto de alto risco. É um estudo exploratório, transversal, realizado em dois hospitais gerais localizados na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Considerou-se casos de near miss neonatal os recém-nascidos do ano de 2016 com idade gestacional < 33 semanas ou peso ao nascer < 1.750g ou Apgar no 5º minuto de vida < 7 ou internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) neonatal, e que permaneceram vivos até 7 dias de vida. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos e sobre Mortalidade, do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, para caracterizar todos os nascidos vivos das instituições, os casos de near miss e a disponibilidade de tecnologia. Calculou-se os indicadores de near miss neonatal e a taxa de mortalidade neonatal precoce. O Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira acolheu a clientela de maior gravidade, apresentou maior taxa de near miss neonatal (119,21 por mil nascidos vivos; p = 0,009) e de mortalidade neonatal precoce (35,22 por mil nascidos vivos; p < 0,001). O Hospital das Clínicas registrou a maior proporção de internações em UTI neonatal (76% dos casos; p < 0,001). Os indicadores de near miss neonatal demonstraram diferenças entre os hospitais analisados, sendo úteis para a vigilância da assistência neonatal em instituições de saúde, mas necessitam de atenção ao perfil e contexto local quando a intenção é realizar avaliações classificatórias. Os achados mostram a complexidade de avaliar diferentes serviços de saúde.
Antimicrobial and insecticidal effects of essential oil and plant extracts of Myrcia oblongata DC in pathogenic bacteria and Alphitobius diaperinus
Authors: Santana C. B. , Souza J. G. L. , Toledo A. G. , Alves L. F. A. , Alves D. S. , Corrêa J. M. , Pinto F. G. S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract The secondary metabolism products of plants have influenced great economic interest, given their chemical diversity and biological activities. Because of this, this study evaluates the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, insecticidal, and antioxidant activity of plant extracts and oil of Myrcia oblongata. Saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids were detected. The extracts showed antimicrobial capacity on the tested microorganisms, except for the methanolic extract, which showed no activity for P. mirabilis and S. enteritidis. Regarding the analysis of antioxidant compounds, the hexanic, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts showed higher antioxidant activities and also higher insecticidal performance on Alphitobius diaperinus larvae, resulting in 80% adult mortality. The results reported here show that there may be a relationship between antioxidant potential and the insecticidal effect of Myrcia oblongata DC. The components present in both the extract and the oil can be used as natural alternative to synthetic compounds in the biological control of parasites and pathogenic microorganisms.
Ionic homeostasis, biochemical components and yield of Italian zucchini under nitrogen forms and salt stress
Authors: Fernandes C. S. , Sá F. V. S. , Ferreira Neto M. , Dias N. S. , Reges L. B. L , Gheyi H. R. , Paiva E. P. , Silva A. A. , Melo A. S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract This research was carried out aiming at evaluating the effects of nitrate and ammonium ions on nutrient accumulation, biochemical components and yield of Italian zucchini (cv. Caserta) grown in a hydroponic system under salt stress conditions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse utilizing an experimental design in randomized blocks, arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with 4 replications. The treatments consisted of two forms of nitrogen (nitrate - NO3- and ammonium - NH4+) and 5 electrical conductivity levels of irrigation water (ECw) (0.5, 2.0, 3.5, 5.0 and 6.5 dS m-1). The analysis of the results indicated that supply of N exclusively in NH4+ form promotes greater damage to the leaf membrane and reduction in accumulation of macronutrients and higher Na+/K+, Na+/Ca++ and Na+/Mg++ ratios in the shoots of zucchini plants. Electrical conductivity of irrigation water above 2.0 dS m-1 reduces the accumulation of nutrients in shoot and yield of Italian zucchini plant. The toxicity of NH4+ under Italian zucchini plants overlap the toxicity of the salinity, since its fertilization exclusively with this form of nitrogen inhibits its production, being the NO3- form the most suitable for the cultivation of the species.
Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier, 1833) stomach: a source of aspartic proteases for industrial and biotechnological applications
Authors: Silva M. K. S. , Silva T. A. , Silva J. A. F. , Costa L. D. A. , Leal M. L. E. , Bezerra R. S. , Costa H. M. S. , Freitas-Júnior A. C. V.
Published: June 2021

Abstract The viscera and other residues from fish processing are commonly discarded by the fishing industry. These by-products can be a source of digestive enzymes with industrial and biotechnological potential. In this study, we aimed at the extraction, characterization, and application of acidic proteases from the stomach of Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier, 1833). A crude extract from the stomachs was obtained and submitted to a partial purification process by salting-out, which obtained a Purified Extract (PE) with a specific proteolytic activity of 54.0 U⋅mg-1. A purification of 1.9 fold and a yield of 41% were obtained. The PE presents two isoforms of acidic proteases and a maximum proteolytic activity at 45 °C and pH 2.0. The PE acidic proteolytic activity was stable in the pH range of 1.5 to 7.0 and temperature from 25 °C to 50 °C. Purified Extract kept 35% of its proteolytic activity at the presence of NaCl 15% (m/v) but was totally inhibited by pepstatin A. Purified Extract aspartic proteases presented high activity in the presence of heavy metals such as Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Al3+, and Cu2+. The utilization of PE as an enzymatic addictive in the collagen extraction from Nile tilapia scales has doubled the process yield. The results indicate the potential of these aspartic proteases for industrial and biotechnological applications.
Water quality assessment of the Demetrio stream: an affluent of the Gravataí River in the South of Brazil
Authors: Martins L. P. , Sampaio J. , Godoi R. S. , Vargas L. K. , Silva F. R. , Beneduzi A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract The Gravataí River basin, one of the main water sources of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, is among the ten most polluted rivers in Brazil. Water quality is monitored only through physico-chemical and microbiological parameters in Brazil, and in this context, considering the importance of the use of biomarkers in complementing the analysis of water, the present study aimed to evaluate the environmental quality of the main affluent of the Gravataí River, Demetrio stream, through physico-chemical, microbiological, and cytogenotoxic criteria, at the stream source (P1), whereas samples P2 and P3 were obtained from the upstream near the area with the highest urban density and the downstream near the meeting point with the Gravataí River, respectively. The results for copper concentration and color classified the Demetrio stream as Class 4 in general, that is, the water is suitable only for navigation and to landscape harmony. The main genotoxic alterations (micronuclei and nuclear buds) were observed in P2, in which were obtained the highest levels of copper, in addition to iron and manganese. Anthropic interventions were observed in P1 and P2; however, due to its low metal concentration, P3, near the Gravataí River, manifested an improvement in environmental quality.
Review of the inquilinous fauna associated with insect galls in Brazilian restingas
Authors: Maia V. C.
Published: June 2021

Abstract Several records of associated fauna, including parasitoids, inquilines, predators, and successors, have been reported by insect gall inventories in Brazilian restingas. Although most guilds are well established, inquilines have frequently been misinterpreted. In this paper, the inquilinous fauna of insect galls is revised based on five criteria: food habit; coexistence with the inducer; modification of gall tissues or production of new tissues; phylogenetic relationship with the inducer; and mobility. Gall inventories dated from 1988 to 2019 were examined, totaling 16 publications, eight of them with inquiline records. This guild was reported in 53 gall morphotypes in 44 plant species and four morphospecies distributed among 36 genera of 24 host families for a total of 65 records. Most inquilines were repositioned into the cecidophage guild and others into the kleptoparasite guild, resulting in a large reduction in the frequency of inquilines (from 65 to five records), and in first reports of cecidophages and kleptoparasites, with 46 and 13 records, respectively. Cecidophage was the most diverse guild with insects of five orders (Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Thysanoptera) while kleptoparasites were represented only by two orders (Diptera and Hymenoptera) and inquiline solely by Hymenoptera. Other results indicate that Leptothorax sp. (Formicidae) could be a successor and not an inquiline.
Phytotoxicity of plant extracts of Vismia japurensis cultivated in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Lima L. M. , Pedroza L. S. , Osório M. I. C. , Souza J. C. , Nunez C. V.
Published: June 2021

Abstract Plants that produce secondary metabolites with allelopathic activity or phytotoxicity can be biotechnologically important, serving as sources of allelochemicals, and thus contributing to the agroindustrial sector. Vismia japurensis (Hypericaceae) is an Amazonian species that grows in clumps called vismiais, from which most other plants are absent. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify possible phytotoxicity effects of hexane and methanol extracts of Vismia japurensis leaves and branches in vivo and from seedlings grown in vitro on Lactuca sativa. In addition, fresh and dry leaves were assayed by the sandwich method in order to determine their ability to release allelochemicals. The hexanic extract from in vitro seedlings reduced germination by 10%, while the methanol extract produced a 16% reduction in germination speed. Root growth of Lactuca sativa was inhibited by 64.7% when subjected to hexane leaf extract, by 39.3% under the influence of hexane branch extract, and by 96.09% for in vitro seedling hexanic extract. When analysed by thin layer chromatography and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, extracts showed evidence of terpenes, anthraquinones and flavonoids, with greater intensity of signals in the aromatic region of in vitro seedling hexanic extract. Clearly, Vismia japurensis has a high biotechnological potential in terms of the production of substances of low polarity with capacity to interfere in plant development.