bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme spectrum enables optimally controlling T cell glycolysis and differentiation
Authors: Chen Xuyong , Liu Lingling , Kang Siwen , Gnanaprakasam JN Rashida , Wang Ruoning
Published: March 2023

Isoenzyme divergence is a prevalent mechanism governing tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific metabolism in mammals. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme spectrum reflects the tissue-specific metabolic status. We found that three tetrameric isoenzymes composed of LDHA and LDHB (LDH-3/4/5) comprise the LDH spectrum in T cells. Genetically deleting
LDHA
or
LDHB
altered the isoenzyme spectrum by removing all heterotetramers and leaving T cells with LDH-1 (the homotetramer of LDHB) or LDH-5 (the homotetramer of LDHA), respectively. Accordingly, deleting
LDHA
suppressed glycolysis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Unexpectedly, deleting
LDHB
enhanced glycolysis but suppressed T cell differentiation, indicating that an optimal zone of glycolytic activity is required to maintain cell fitness. Mechanistically, the LDH isoenzyme spectrum imposed by LDHA and LDHB is necessary to optimize glycolysis to maintain a balanced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen pool. Our results suggest that the LDH isoenzyme spectrum enables “Goldilocks levels” of glycolytic and redox activity to control T cell differentiation.
Magnitude and kinetics of the human immune cell response associated with severe dengue progression by single-cell proteomics
Authors: Robinson Makeda L. , Glass David R. , Duran Veronica , Agudelo Rojas Olga Lucia , Sanz Ana Maria , Consuegra Monika , Sahoo Malaya Kumar , Hartmann Felix J. , Bosse Marc , Gelvez Rosa Margarita , Bueno Nathalia , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Montoya Jose G. , Maecker Holden , Estupiñan Cardenas Maria Isabel , Villar Centeno Luis Angel , Garrido Elsa Marina Rojas , Rosso Fernando , Bendall Sean C. , Einav Shirit
Published: March 2023

Approximately 5 million dengue virus–infected patients progress to a potentially life-threatening severe dengue (SD) infection annually. To identify the immune features and temporal dynamics underlying SD progression, we performed deep immune profiling by mass cytometry of PBMCs collected longitudinally from SD progressors (SDp) and uncomplicated dengue (D) patients. While D is characterized by early activation of innate immune responses, in SDp there is rapid expansion and activation of IgG-secreting plasma cells and memory and regulatory T cells. Concurrently, SDp, particularly children, demonstrate increased proinflammatory NK cells, inadequate expansion of CD16
+
monocytes, and high expression of the FcγR CD64 on myeloid cells, yet a signature of diminished antigen presentation. Syndrome-specific determinants include suppressed dendritic cell abundance in shock/hemorrhage versus enriched plasma cell expansion in organ impairment. This study reveals uncoordinated immune responses in SDp and provides insights into SD pathogenesis in humans with potential implications for prediction and treatment.
LiH formation and its impact on Li batteries revealed by cryogenic electron microscopy
Authors: Vilá Rafael A. , Boyle David T. , Dai Alan , Zhang Wenbo , Sayavong Philaphon , Ye Yusheng , Yang Yufei , Dionne Jennifer A. , Cui Yi
Published: March 2023

Little is known about how evolved hydrogen affects the cycling of Li batteries. Hypotheses include the formation of LiH in the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and dendritic growth of LiH. Here, we discover that LiH formation in Li batteries likely follows a different pathway: Hydrogen evolved during cycling reacts to nucleate and grow LiH within already deposited Li metal, consuming active Li. We provide the evidence that LiH formed in Li batteries electrically isolates active Li from the current collector that degrades battery capacity. We detect the coexistence of Li metal and LiH also on graphite and silicon anodes, showing that LiH forms in most Li battery anode chemistries. Last, we find that LiH has its own SEI layer that is chemically and structurally distinct from the SEI on Li metal. Our results highlight the formation mechanism and chemical origins of LiH, providing critical insight into how to prevent its formation.
Stimulating Transcription in Antibiotic-Tolerant Escherichia coli Sensitizes It to Fluoroquinolone and Nonfluoroquinolone Topoisomerase Inhibitors
Authors: LaGree Travis J. , Byrd Brandon A. , Quelle Ryan M. , Schofield Stephanie L. , Mok Wendy W. K.
Published: March 2023

Antibiotic tolerant bacteria and persistent cells that remain alive after a course of antibiotic treatment can foster the chronicity of infections and the development of antibiotic resistance. Elucidating how bacteria overcome antibiotic action and devising strategies to bolster a new drug’s activity can allow us to preserve our antibiotic arsenal.
Transcriptional Control of
hgcAB
by an ArsR-Like Regulator in
Pseudodesulfovibrio mercurii
ND132
Authors: Gionfriddo Caitlin M. , Soren Ally Bullock , Wymore Ann M. , Hartnett D. Sean , Podar Mircea , Parks Jerry M. , Elias Dwayne A. , Gilmour Cynthia C.
Published: March 2023

This work reveals a link between microbial mercury methylation and arsenic resistance and may hold clues to the evolution of mercury methylation genes (
hgcAB
). Microbes with
hgcAB
produce methylmercury, a strong neurotoxin that readily accumulates in the food web.
Third-degree atrioventricular block associated with severe acute hyponatraemia
Authors: Nasir Ali Zagham , Jorgensen Drew
Published: March 2023

Severe acute hyponatraemia, defined as a sodium concentration of less than 120 mEq/L, typically manifests with neurological manifestations, resulting in obtundation, coma, seizures, respiratory arrest and death. It very rarely is arrhythmogenic, with a literature review revealing seven cases of hyponatraemia-associated atrioventricular (AV) block of various degrees, of which only three were described as having third-degree AV block. The higher-degree AV blocks typically occurred at sodium levels closer to 115 mEq/L. We present a case of severe acute hypo-osmolar hyponatraemia-induced third-degree AV block in a patient without any other risk factors or aetiologies who initially presented with subdural haematoma and developed refractory bradycardia during his admission. The patient’s third-degree AV block completely resolved after correction of his sodium. This case highlights the importance of working up the cause of new-onset third-degree AV block and the consideration of rarer electrolyte derangements such as hyponatraemia as a potential cause.
Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging findings following flow diversion in patients with complex middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms: a single-center analysis regarding the jailed cortical branches
Authors: Korkmazer Bora , Karaman Ahmet Kursat , Ustundag Ahmet , Arslan Serdar , Kızılkılıç Osman , Koçer Naci , Islak Civan
Published: March 2023

Background

Flow diverter (FD) devices provide a safe and effective treatment option especially for wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. One of the main concerns in patients treated with FD devices is patency of arterial branches jailed by the stent. However, there are no long-term data from magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP) studies regarding jailed branches. In this study we aimed to reveal the MRP findings in patients with jailed middle cerebral artery (MCA) cortical branches during long-term follow-up after flow diversion.

Methods

Patients who underwent FD stent treatment for MCA aneurysms with a resulting jailed cortical branch were included. Follow-up clinical, angiographic, and MRP examination findings were recorded. Different MRP parameters were measured in the MCA territory regarding the jailed branches.

Results

Eighteen patients treated endovascularly with flow diversion for a total of 20 MCA aneurysms were included. At angiographic follow-up (median 35 months, range 7–95 months) complete occlusion was observed in 13 (65%) aneurysms and partial occlusion was observed in 6 (30%). The mean transit time (MTT) prolongation, MTT ratio, time-to peak (TTP) prolongation, and TTP ratio were 1.34, 1.20, 1.18, and 1.06 s, respectively, when compared with the contralateral side in the MCA territory. MTT, TTP, and cerebral blood volume values of the patients showed statistically significant differences compared with the contralateral side (P<0.05).

Conclusions

Flow diversion treatment of complex bifurcation aneurysms can be effective and safe. MRP examination may reveal perfusion changes in the territory vascularized via a jailed branch, and these changes are rarely accompanied by clinical findings.
1 Transfer of military surgical simulation developments to the civilian sphere
Authors: Cohen HML , Swain CS , Stannard A , Faulconer ER , Parker P , Hand CJ , Pallister I
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Defence Medical Services has a history of sharing clinical practice and innovation with the civilian sector. Changes to surgical training has meant acquiring and maintaining trauma surgical skills is becoming more difficult. Anatomically correct, bleeding junctional vascular trauma task trainers have been developed for the Military Operational Specialist Team Training (MOSTT) course. We investigated the benefit of these models on a civilian trauma course attended by non-vascular surgeons. The Mass Casualty Damage Control Surgery Ortho Trauma Surgery (DCS) Course is taught by a combined civilian and military faculty.

Method

Groin, pelvic and shoulder haemorrhage surgical task trainers with pulsatile blood flow were used in the course to simulate junctional haemorrhage requiring surgical intervention.

Participants completed modified pre and post course questionnaires to record changes in their self-reported confidence.

Results

Ten participants completed simulation scenarios using the models and provided feedback. Approach to femoral artery, subclavian artery, gaining proximal and distal arterial control and temporary arterial shunting all had statistically significant improvements in participant confidence (p<0.0047, p<0.0017, p<0.0012 and p<0.0009).

Conclusion

These findings mirror the experience on the MOSTT course where 63% of participants indicated that their confidence had improved. These results demonstrate the value for high fidelity surgical simulation in civilian practice to help maintain currency in less frequently encountered injury patterns. The training includes the whole team in high fidelity DCS simulation without the need for live tissue or cadaveric material and shows that surgical mannequins developed for the military environment have utility on civilian trauma courses. Research by the authors about the effects of this model on surgical ability and performance is ongoing.
Diffusion Monte Carlo calculations on the low-lying states of LaX (X = Ge, As, Te)
Authors: Elkahwagy Nagat , Ismail Atif
Published: March 2023

The spectroscopic and molecular properties of the title molecules have been investigated by means of the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method, to provide theoretical information for molecular species that are scarce in literature. To this aim, potential energy curves have been constructed for the selected dimers in neutral and anionic forms within DMC employing single determinant trial wave functions of orbitals obtained from density functional theory calculations. Bond length, transition energy, vibrational frequency, and electron affinity have been determined for each species. Results have been discussed and compared with their isovalents where available.
A visual SLAM algorithm based on fuzzy clustering for removing dynamic features
Authors: Zhou Qinghui , Zhang Chenlong , He Yuping , Huang Jie
Published: March 2023

Most visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms assume that no or only few moving objects occur in application environments. This assumption makes the algorithms vulnerable to the interference of moving objects in dynamic environments. To address the problem, a new visual SLAM method, which could eliminate dynamic features without any prior information, was proposed. By measuring the position of each feature point and its motion vector difference between image sequences, a two-stage clustering was performed on the feature points in the field of view. This method removed the features detected on moving objects, and used a static initialization technique to eliminate the dependence of SLAM on prior information. The proposed method intended to improve OV2SLAM (a fully online and versatile visual SLAM for real-time applications) algorithm, and the experimental verification was carried out. Our results show that while maintaining the real-time performance of the original OV2SLAM algorithm, the positioning accuracy and robustness of the proposed method is improved in a dynamic environment.
A Multi-Start Gradient Combination Method for High-Performance Global Search
Authors: Ma Ruikang , Li Pan , Guo Xinru , Zhang Hao , Zhang Qiang , Ning Li
Published: March 2023

The gradient descent is one of the most common methods to modify the gradient parameters of the neural network, however, it may fall into the local optimum in the training process. As we all know, genetic algorithm can find the global optimal solution through global search, but it may not be efficient, always takes a lot of running time. These two methods are complementary in the running time and the cost, which inspired us to consider the combination of gradient descent and genetic algorithm. In this paper, a multi-start combinatorial optimization method based on the genetic algorithm and the gradient descent is proposed. First, the initial point is selected through the genetic algorithm. Then the combination of multi-start and gradient descent is used, which can quickly achieve the global search and improve the performance with relatively less running time and cost. Compared with the traditional genetic algorithm and gradient descent method, this proposed algorithm has a better performance in computing the global optimum efficiently.
Analytical solution of Bloch NMR fluid flow space–time-dependent equation using laplace transform and complex inversion integral
Authors: Rasheed Lateef , Usman Adam
Published: March 2023

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon whereby magnetization is excited when static and time varying magnetic fields are applied simultaneously on a given medium such as human blood. The effect of the magnetization causes the protons of the medium to spinning. For several decades now, a set of three Bloch equations are used to describe the dynamics of the spinning protons. Exact solution of the Bloch equations has been the endeavors of many workers with partial success. In about a decade now, a milestone was the appearance of a single NMR fluid flow equation derived from the three set of Bloch equations. The single equation has been found insuperable up to now, defying all efforts to yield a closed form solution. Motivated by the exigency to achieve complete magnetization expression as a function of time and distance, for NMR signal calculations or experiments, we have actualized a closed form solution. We used the method of Laplace transforms and ultimately applied complex inversion theorem to obtain the inverse Laplace transforms. Our final expression is a labyrinth of several oscillatory systems that are characteristics of a nonlinear phenomenon. This is cognate with concepts of chaos.
Cascaded Inner Loop Fuzzy SMC for DC–DC Boost Converter
Authors: Rekha Y. , Jamuna V. , Christopher I. William
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the implementation of the Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller (FSMC) in the inner loop of the cascaded control structure of the DC–DC Boost Converter is presented. On account of nonlinearity and nonminimum phase nature, switched-mode DC–DC converters show a poor response in their dynamic characteristics. In most of the works, the inner loop is served by SMC/FLC, and the outer loop by PI. In this study, the proposed FSMC, which is the combination of SMC and FLC is recommended in the inner current loop which reduces the chattering phenomena and improves the robustness against uncertainties, disturbances and varying circuit parameters with the reaching law. The Lyapunov approach is considered to study the stability of the proposed controller. A comparative analysis is made with the results obtained from the proposed FSM controller, Fuzzy and SMC control. The effectiveness of the FSMC controller is validated by observing its system performance.
Effects of Incorporating Double Time Delays in an Investment Savings-Liquidity Preference Money Supply (IS-LM) Model
Authors: Rajpal Akanksha , Bhatia Sumit Kaur , Kumar Vijay
Published: March 2023

The Investment Savings-Liquidity preference Money supply (IS-LM) model is represented as a graph depicting the intersection of products and the money market. It elaborates how an equilibrium of money supply versus interest rates may keep the economy in control. In this paper, we combine the basic business cycle IS-LM model with Kaldor’s growth model in order to create an augmented model. The IS-LM model, when coupled with a certain economics expansion (in our instance, the Kaldor–Kalecki Business Cycle Model), provides a comprehensive description of a developing but robust economy. Right after the introduction of capital stock into the system, it cannot be employed and also, while making some investment choices, this requires some time in execution, which ultimately alters resources, i.e. capital. Thus, in the capital accumulation, we will be incorporating double time delays in Gross product and Capital Stock. These time delays represent the time periods during which investment decisions were made and executed and the time spent in order for the capital to be put to productive use. After formulating a mathematical model using delayed differential equations, dynamic functioning of the system around equilibrium point is examined where three instances appeared based on time delays. These cases are: when both delays are not in action, when only one delay is in action and when both delays are in action. It is shown that time delay affects the stability of the equilibrium point and, as the delay crosses a critical point, Hopf bifurcation exists. It is observed that by using Kaldor type investment function, the delay residing in capital stock only will destabilize in less time as compared to when both the delays are present in the system. The system is sensitive to certain parameters which is also analyzed in this work.
The Darboux Polynomials and Integrability of Polynomial Levinson–Smith Differential Equations
Authors: Demina Maria V.
Published: March 2023

We provide the necessary and sufficient conditions of Liouvillian integrability for nondegenerate near infinity polynomial Levinson–Smith differential equations. These equations generalize Liénard equations and are used to describe self-sustained oscillations. Our results are valid for arbitrary degrees of the polynomials arising in the equations. We find a number of novel Liouvillian integrable subfamilies. We derive an upper bound with respect to one of the variables on the degrees of irreducible Darboux polynomials in the case of nondegenerate or algebraically degenerate near infinity polynomial Levinson–Smith equations. We perform the complete classification of Liouvillian first integrals for the nondegenerate or algebraically degenerate near infinity Rayleigh–Duffing–van der Pol equation that is a cubic Levinson–Smith equation.
Analysis of elastic scattering angular distributions and fusion excitation functions of reactions induced by 9Be on 27Al, 28Si, 144Sm and 208Pb targets at near barrier energies
Authors: Chetna  , Shaikh Md. Moin , Singh Pardeep , Kharab Rajesh
Published: March 2023

The elastic scattering angular distributions and the fusion excitation function data for the reactions induced by the loosely bound projectile 9Be on [Formula: see text]Al, [Formula: see text]Si, [Formula: see text]Sm and [Formula: see text]Pb targets at near and above barrier energies have been analyzed with a motive to investigate the importance of breakup couplings within the framework of continuum discretized coupled channels approach. It is found that at energies much higher than Coulomb barrier, the breakup effects are insignificant for light targets while for heavy targets, the breakup effects play a dominant role at these energies. But at energies comparable to the barrier height, the role of breakup becomes crucial for light mass targets also.
COMBINATORIAL PROPERTIES FOR A CLASS OF SIMPLICIAL COMPLEXES EXTENDED FROM PSEUDO-FRACTAL SCALE-FREE WEB
Authors: XIE ZIXUAN , WANG YUCHENG , XU WANYUE , ZHU LIWANG , LI WEI , ZHANG ZHONGZHI
Published: March 2023

Simplicial complexes are a popular tool used to model higher-order interactions between elements of complex social and biological systems. In this paper, we study some combinatorial aspects of a class of simplicial complexes created by a graph product, which is an extension of the pseudo-fractal scale-free web. We determine explicitly the independence number, the domination number, and the chromatic number. Moreover, we derive closed-form expressions for the number of acyclic orientations, the number of root-connected acyclic orientations, the number of spanning trees, as well as the number of perfect matchings for some particular cases.
The structure of abelian number fields with Dirichlet characters
Authors: Chen Ruikai , Mesnager Sihem
Published: March 2023

This paper concerns a classical subject regarding the structural properties of abelian number fields. The primitive elements, integral bases, conductors and discriminants are important for studying abelian number fields, and this paper emphasizes that they are closely related to the associated Dirichlet characters. Then by evaluating the Gauss sums, we can give explicit forms of abelian fields of small degree.
Cellular Noetherian algebras with finite global dimension are split quasi-hereditary
Authors: Cruz Tiago
Published: March 2023

We prove that cellular Noetherian algebras with finite global dimension are split quasi-hereditary over a regular commutative Noetherian ring with finite Krull dimension and their quasi-hereditary structure is unique, up to equivalence. In the process, we establish that a split quasi-hereditary algebra is semi-perfect if and only if the ground ring is a local commutative Noetherian ring. We give a formula to determine the global dimension of a split quasi-hereditary algebra over a commutative regular Noetherian ring (with finite Krull dimension) in terms of the ground ring and finite-dimensional split quasi-hereditary algebras. For the general case, we give upper bounds for the finitistic dimension of split quasi-hereditary algebras over arbitrary commutative Noetherian rings. We apply these results to Schur algebras over regular Noetherian rings and to Schur algebras over quotients rings of the integers.
Business Models, Dynamic Capabilities and Industry 4.0: A Framework to Explore This Relationship
Authors: Cruzara Giovani , Frega José Roberto , Szabo Cherobim Ana Paula Mussi , Sandri Emanuel Campigotto
Published: March 2023

This study explores the relationship between business models, dynamic capabilities, and industry 4.0. Based on the literature of these constructs, a framework was created and four organizations were analyzed. Three of them are classified as providers of industry 4.0, and one is classified as a user of industry 4.0. The results demonstrate that the organizations classified as providers managed to develop dynamic capabilities that assisted them to digitally transform themselves and innovate their business model. For these organizations, network contacts and the organizational ecosystem are considered two fundamental aspects to allow industry 4.0 development. At the same time, organizational culture was pointed out as one of its greatest barriers for innovations and digital transformation development, considered a barrier even greater than the technology itself.
A derivation of the standard model particles from internal spacetime
Authors: Beil Charlie
Published: March 2023

‘Internal spacetime’ is a modification of general relativity that was recently introduced as an approximate spacetime geometric model of quantum nonlocality. In an internal spacetime, time is stationary along the worldlines of fundamental (dust) particles. Consequently, the dimensions of tangent spaces at different points of spacetime vary, and spin wavefunction collapse is modeled by the projection from one tangent space to another. In this paper, we develop spinors on an internal spacetime, and construct a new Dirac-like Lagrangian [Formula: see text] whose equations of motion describe their couplings and interactions. Furthermore, we show that hidden within [Formula: see text] is the entire standard model: [Formula: see text] contains precisely three generations of quarks and leptons, the electroweak gauge bosons, the Higgs boson, and one new massive spin-[Formula: see text] boson; gluons are considered in a companion paper. Specifically, we are able to derive the correct spin, electric charge, and color charge of each standard model particle, as well as predict the existence of a new boson.
Dynamical study of varicella-zoster virus model in sense of Mittag-Leffler kernel
Authors: Ain Qura Tul , Khan Aziz , Abdeljawad Thabet , Gómez-Aguilar J. F. , Riaz Saleem
Published: March 2023

The primary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection that causes chickenpox (also known as varicella), spreads quickly among people and, in severe circumstances, can cause to fever and encephalitis. In this paper, the Mittag-Leffler fractional operator is used to examine the mathematical representation of the VZV. Five fractional-order differential equations are created in terms of the disease’s dynamical analysis such as S: Susceptible, V: Vaccinated, E: Exposed, I: Infectious and R: Recovered. We derive the existence criterion, positive solution, Hyers–Ulam stability, and boundedness of results in order to examine the suggested fractional-order model’s wellposedness. Finally, some numerical examples for the VZV model of various fractional orders are shown with the aid of the generalized Adams–Bashforth–Moulton approach to show the viability of the obtained results.
Modeling and simulation of stochastic transients in power systems based on frequency shifting theory
Authors: Zhao Peng , Xia Yue , You Zhikai , Hu Yu
Published: March 2023

The increasing uncertainties in power systems have brought non-negligible influences on the dynamic behaviors. An accurate and efficient simulation method considering the effects of stochastic disturbances is of critical importance for the analysis of the dynamic performance of power systems. In this paper, a methodology for the simulation of stochastic transients in power systems is developed based on frequency shifting theory. The stochastic differential equations describing the stochastic process of parameter migration are represented through analytic signals. The frequency shifting operation is introduced. The Fourier spectra of analytic signals are shifted to reduce their maximum frequency contents, thereby permitting a larger time-step in time-domain simulation in accordance with Shannon’s sampling theory. Through the trapezoidal Milstein scheme, the stochastic differential equations with shifted analytic signals are discretized. Branch companion models that process analytic signals for the simulation of stochastic transients are formulated. The numerical properties of branch models are further examined. The analysis of test cases demonstrates that the proposed method can be used to represent stochastic transients caused by parameter migrations accurately and efficiently.
Faculty Can Save Lives of the Elderly
Authors: Patterson David A.
Published: March 2023

A unique viewpoint on risks to senior citizens from academia.
TomFi: Small Object Tracking Using Commodity WiFi
Authors: Zhang Xiaobin , Xu Hongzhe , Liu Jianwei , Han Jinsong
Published: March 2023

Rodent infestation has always been one of the most severe threats to humans, which to solve consumes massive manpower and resources. People usually use traps or poisons to treat rat infestation. Such passive countermeasures are inefficient. Damage often occurs when the rats are finally trapped or killed, not to mention the potential risk to injure humans or cause pollution. In this article, we propose a WiFi-based active small object tracking system named
TomFi
. The core components of TomFi include several deep learning techniques that bridge rat locations/motions and WiFi signal variations (represented by the channel state information). TomFi first employs a detection model to detect the appearance of the rat and then localize it based on a two-branch localization model. Through the design of the two-branch localization model, to our best knowledge, we are the first to solve the information loss and distortion problem. We conducted extensive experiments in both the laboratory environment and real-world kitchen scenarios. The results show that TomFi can achieve a detection success rate of 99%+ and a centimeter-level localization accuracy in real time.
Hydrogen Absorption into Copper-Coated Titanium Measured by In Situ Neutron Reflectometry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Situm Arthur , Bahadormanesh Behrouz , Bannenberg Lars J , Ooms Frans , Feltham Hunter A , Popov Guerman , Behazin Mehran , Goncharova Lyudmila V , Noël James J
Published: March 2023

One concern regarding the used nuclear fuel containers proposed for use in a Canadian deep geological repository (DGR) is the possibility that a small amount of hydrogen might be absorbed into their copper coating, potentially altering its mechanical properties. Reported herein is a study of hydrogen absorption into 50 nm of copper, coated on 4 nm of Ti using in situ neutron reflectometry (NR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). NR results show that hydrogen is absorbed when the copper is cathodically polarized below the threshold for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but that the hydrogen concentrates in the underlying titanium layer rather than concentrating in the copper coating. The hydrogen concentration in titanium rapidly rose when the HER was initiated and was observed to reach a steady state at TiH1.5. Over the course of 55h of cathodic polarization, the concentration of hydrogen in the copper remained below the NR detection limit (2 at %). The portion of hydrogen atoms produced that diffused through the copper layer was initially 3.2%, suggesting a possible upper limit for hydrogen uptake by the copper coating of the UFC, although definitive conclusions can only be drawn from studies on 3 mm copper-coated steel samples.
Watch-Type Dual-Mode Wearable Health Device
Authors: Park Hyusim , Nguyen Liem H. T. , Lakshminarayana Shanthala , Sun Yuze , Jung Sungyong
Published: March 2023

Wearable devices can be found as numerous types of health devices ranging from monitoring hazardous environments to detecting physiological signals. Its utilities have also shown encouraging improvements toward personalized healthcare. Thus, many kinds of wearable health devices (WHD) have been reported and developed. Those reports highlight their efficiency in monitoring harmful environmental factors and various diseases for diagnostic and treatment purposes. This paper proposes a watch-type of dual-mode WHD that can perform gaseous phase detection to monitor dangerous environmental situations such as bad air quality and aqueous phase detection to measure physiological signals from human sweat or blood. The proposed system was fabricated on a printed circuit board and its size is 3 cm × 3 cm which is suitable as a wearable device. It also consumes very low power and has capabilities of wired/wireless charging and wired/wireless communication. Furthermore, customized windows and Android applications have been developed to visualize obtained data in a user’s computer or smartphone. The system was tested both electrically and chemically and showed promising results as the WHD.
Rapid and Slow Unlocking-Induced Startup Mechanisms of Locked Segment-Dominated Landslides
Authors: Chen Hongran , Xu Chao , Cui Yuan , Qin Siqing
Published: March 2023

Locked segment-dominated landslides initiate when locked segments are sufficiently damaged to be unlocked. The evolution of such slopes toward instability displays either an exponentially or stepwise accelerated displacement pattern, but the underlying mechanisms of these patterns are elusive. We show that the displacement pattern is governed by mechanical synergy (resistance homogenization) between the ruptured locked segment and the transfixion segment. Using a mechanical model, we demonstrate that rapid and slow resistance homogenizations, which depend mainly on the brittleness of locked segments, cause two unlocking-induced startup mechanisms that lead to loss of slope stability: one occurring at the peak-stress points and the other at the residual-strength points of the locked segments. Accordingly, the evolution toward instability exhibits one of the two abovementioned patterns. External factors, such as rainwater, can deteriorate the strength of geomaterials but hardly alter the inherent mechanical rules that a locked segment adheres to. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of locked segment-dominated landslides and pave the way for reliably predicting their occurrence.
An RT-qPCR Assay from Rectal Swabs for the Detection of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 in Natural Cases
Authors: Asin Javier , Moriarty Megan E. , Mikolon Andrea B. , Clifford Deana L. , Rejmanek Daniel , Uzal Francisco A. , Crossley Beate M.
Published: March 2023

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2 or Lagovirus europaeus GI.2) is spreading across North America. This has enabled submissions of lagomorphs for testing to veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs). The liver is currently the gold-standard sample type for testing by RT-qPCR. VDL clients usually seek alternate diagnostic approaches that permit simpler and faster sample collection with less risk of environmental contamination; there is also a necessity for a sample type that can be collected from live animals. Therefore, the goal of this study was to optimize and evaluate an RT-qPCR assay on rectal swabs collected from a group of carcasses of leporids of different species that were submitted to a VDL during an RHDV2 outbreak. A total of 130 carcasses were tested both by liver tissue and rectal swab RT-qPCR. The results of the liver samples were considered the gold standard, and 73 carcasses tested positive and 57 carcasses tested negative in liver. Out of the 73 liver RT-qPCR-positive carcasses, 64 tested positive and 9 tested negative on the rectal RT-qPCR. All 57 liver RT-qPCR-negative carcasses tested negative on the rectal RT-qPCR. The sensitivity and specificity of the rectal RT-qPCR were 88% and 100%, respectively, most likely due to significantly (

p
<
0.001

) lower viral loads in the rectal swabs (median Ct: 27.03) compared to the liver samples (median Ct: 12.69). Despite being more than 4 logs less sensitive, RT-qPCRs from rectal swabs can be used to screen leporid carcasses for the presence of RHDV2 RNA.
Automated Plant Recognition System with Geographical Position Selection for Medicinal Plants
Authors: Acharya Biswaranjan , Ghosh Ahona , Panda Sucheta , Hu Yu-Chen
Published: March 2023

Basically, it is hard for endeavors to recognize plant leaf images by a layman due to the varieties in some plant leaves and the extensive information collected for investigation. It is hard to build an automated recognition framework that can handle massive data and give an intermediate analysis. Image examination and order and pattern recognition are some issues that are effectively connected to the existing methods. This paper focuses on designing an automated plant recognition system based on the best recognition algorithm and the Google platform to locate all plant locations on a map. A case study of India, which has huge biodiversity, is illustrated. The proposed system can show the detailed location of that particular species, where they can be found, and the shortest distance from the current location.
Stage-Dependent Predation on Prey Species Who Possess Different Life Histories
Authors: Wikan Arild , Kristensen Ørjan
Published: March 2023

Two stage-structuredone-population (prey) models together with four prey-predator models are analyzed. Regarding the prey models, where one of them has fecundity elements which depend on the total population while the fecundities of the other depend on the mature part of the population only, we prove that both of them are permanent and moreover that their fixed points undergo supercritical bifurcations, flip, and Neimark-Sacker, respectively, at the various instability thresholds. By use of the models, we also provide a discussion of stability and dynamical properties of species who possess different life histories and extent results obtained elsewhere. Turning to predation, in contrast to what one finds in most papers, we scrutinize cases where both the immature subpopulation of the prey and the mature part are targets for the predator. Among our findings, here is that increased predation may act in both a stabilizing and destabilizing fashion depending on the size of fecundity of prey. Moreover, we present new results about the transition from stability to instability, and we show that whenever predation acts destabilizing, the effect is most profound in cases where the prey possesses a precocious semelparous life history. We also provide several examples where increased predation may turn a stable system chaotic.
Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia in Shanghai: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Yu Linli , Moorthy SathishKumar , Peng Lin , Shen Liangliang , Han Yu , Zhang Zikai , Li Yanqiao , Huang Xin
Published: March 2023

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) affects the quality of life (QoL) and has a negative psychological impact on patients. We sought to investigate the frequency of anxiety and depression in AGA patients and explore their relationship with patients’ QoL. This cross‐sectional survey enrolled 192 participants with AGA. Hairdex, World Health Organization Quality of life Brief Version (WHOQOL‐BREF), and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) instruments were used to assess the QoL of patients, and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to evaluate patients’ anxiety symptom and depression symptom. HADS, WHOQOL‐BREF, and DLQI scores and domains of the Hairdex score were analyzed using linear regression and Pearson correlation. Apart from self‐confidence, all four domains of Hairdex were significantly correlated with depression scores and anxiety scores. All four domains of WHOQOL‐BREF were significantly correlated with depression and anxiety scores. While all six domains of DLQI were also significantly correlated with anxiety scores only. This study demonstrates a significant correlation between psychiatric morbidity and QoL in individuals with AGA. Hence, psychiatric treatment evaluations should be considered.
On Metric Dimension of Subdivided Honeycomb Network and Aztec Diamond Network
Authors: Zhang Xiujun , Muhammad Bilal Hafiz , Rehman Atiq ur , Hussain Muhammad , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the metric dimensions of the polygonal networks, particularly, the subdivided honeycomb network, Aztec diamond as well as the subdivided Aztec diamond network. A polygon is any two-dimensional shape formed by straight lines. Triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, and hexagons are all representations of polygons. For instance, hexagons help us in many models to construct honeycomb network, where n is the number of hexagons from a central point to the borderline of the network. A subdivided honeycomb network

SHCN

n

is obtained by adding additional vertices on each edge of

HCN

n

. An Aztec diamond network

AZN

n

of order

n

is a lattice comprises of unit squares with center

a
,
b

satisfying

a

+

b

≤
n

. The subdivided Aztec diamond network

SAZN

n

is obtained by adding additional vertices to each edge of

AZN

n

. In this work, our main aim is to establish the results to show that the metric dimensions of

SHCN

n

and

AZN

n

are 2 and 3 for

n
=
1

and

n
≥
2

, respectively. In the end, some open problems are listed with regard to metric dimensions for

k

-subdivisions of

HCN

n

and

AZN

n

.
The Progress of Research on Genetic Factors of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Li Qinlan , Chen Shuting , Dong Xinyi , Fu Sen , Zhang Tianyu , Zheng Weiwei , Tian Yonghong , Huang Donghui
Published: March 2023

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is both mental and physical health problem affecting about 1–5% of women of childbearing age. The etiology of RPL is complex, involving chromosomal abnormalities, autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, and endometrial dysfunction. The causes of abortion are still unknown in more than 50% of these cases. With the development of science and technology, an increasing number of scholars focus on this field and find that genetic factors may play an essential role in unexplained RPL, such as embolism-related genes, immune factor-related genes, and chromosomal numeric, and structural variation. This review summarizes the genetic factors associated with RPL, including genetic mutations and genetic polymorphisms, chromosomal variants, and chromosomal polymorphisms. Many related genetic factors have been found to be demographically and geographically relevant, some of which can be used for risk prediction or screening for the etiology of RPL. However, it is difficult to predict and prevent RPL due to uncertain pathogenesis and highly variable clinical presentation. Therefore, the genetic factors of RPL still need plentiful research to obtain a more accurate understanding of its pathogenesis and to provide more detection means for the screening and prevention of RPL.
G-CSF Is a Novel Mediator of T-Cell Suppression and an Immunotherapeutic Target for Women with Colon Cancer
Authors: Ray Anita L. , Saunders Apryl S. , Nofchissey Robert A. , Reidy Megan A. , Kamal Maria , Lerner Megan R. , Fung Kar-Ming , Lang Mark L. , Hanson Joshua A. , Guo Shaoxuan , Urdaneta-Perez Maria G. , Lewis Samara E. , Cloyde Michael , Morris Katherine T.
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

G-CSF enhances colon cancer development. This study defines the prevalence and effects of increased G-CSF signaling in human colon cancers and investigates G-CSF inhibition as an immunotherapeutic strategy against metastatic colon cancer.

Experimental Design:

Patient samples were used to evaluate G-CSF and G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) levels by IHC with sera used to measure G-CSF levels. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to assess the rate of G-CSFR+ T cells and IFNγ responses to chronic ex vivo G-CSF. An immunocompetent mouse model of peritoneal metastasis (MC38 cells in C57Bl/6J) was used to determine the effects of G-CSF inhibition (αG-CSF) on survival and the tumor microenvironment (TME) with flow and mass cytometry.

Results:

In human colon cancer samples, the levels of G-CSF and G-CSFR are higher compared to normal colon tissues from the same patient. High patient serum G-CSF is associated with increases in markers of poor prognosis, (e.g., VEGF, IL6). Circulating T cells from patients express G-CSFR at double the rate of T cells from controls. Prolonged G-CSF exposure decreases T cell IFNγ production. Treatment with αG-CSF shifts both the adaptive and innate compartments of the TME and increases survival (HR, 0.46; P = 0.0237) and tumor T-cell infiltration, activity, and IFNγ response with greater effects in female mice. There is a negative correlation between serum G-CSF levels and tumor-infiltrating T cells in patient samples from women.

Conclusions:

These findings support G-CSF as an immunotherapeutic target against colon cancer with greater potential benefit in women.
Insights from an Exploratory Retrospective Cohort Study: Are Face-to-Face Follow-Up Consultations after Colonoscopy a Thing of the Past?
Authors: Lau Jerrald , Pang Ning-Qi , Ang Chermaine , Tan Ker-Kan
Published: March 2023

Background: Colonoscopy is a commonly performed procedure, but most patients will not actually be found with colorectal cancer. Subsequent face-to-face consultations to explain post-colonoscopy findings are common despite the time and cost-saving benefits of teleconsultation, especially in a post-COVID-19 era. This exploratory retrospective study examined the proportion of post-colonoscopy follow-up consultations that could have been converted to teleconsultation within a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Methods: A retrospective cohort of all patients who underwent colonoscopy in the institution from July to September 2019 was identified. All follow-up face-to-face consultations related to the index colonoscopy from the scope date to 6 months post-colonoscopy were traced. Clinical data relevant to the index colonoscopy and these consultations were extracted from electronic medical records. Results: The cohort consisted of 859 patients (68.5% male, age range: 18–96 years). Of these, 15 (1.7%) had colorectal cancer, but the majority (n = 643, 74.9%) were scheduled for at least one post-colonoscopy visit – a total of 884 face-to-face clinical visits. The final sample was 682 (77.1%) face-to-face post-colonoscopy visits that did not involve any procedures performed or indicated the need for any subsequent follow-up. Conclusion: If such “unnecessary” post-colonoscopy consultations exist within our institution, then similar situations possibly occur elsewhere. As COVID-19 continues to periodically tax healthcare systems worldwide, preservation of resources will remain integral alongside quality standards of routine patient care. There is a need for detailed analyses and modeling to hypothesize potential savings by also considering the start-up and maintenance costs of switching to a teleconsultation-dominated system.
Delirium and Dementia in the Elderly: Sometimes Associated or Always Together?
Authors: Bugiani Orso
Published: March 2023

Background: In the elderly, the association of delirium and dementia can cause diagnostic problems because they share the same symptom of confusion. Delirium is often misdiagnosed as dementia and treated inappropriately, ignoring that it could be successfully addressed, which can lead to increased health risks up to death. Summary: Confusion indicates that functional reserve fails to compensate for the action of stressors. The decline in reserve is linked to aging-related changes in blood flow, mitochondria, cerebrospinal fluid, and immune function, as well as the appearance of structural precursors of disease. It is greater in dementia that adds a large burden of pathology, especially degenerative and vascular. Key Messages: Based on their common background linking normal and pathological brain aging, it can be argued that delirium and dementia are always associated to some extent and can aggravate each other. The clinical approach to their association, which currently relies on the preliminary diagnosis of delirium according to ad hoc protocols, could be simplified by taking delirium for granted so that its causative stressors, usually the most common diseases of old age and/or drug abuse, could be addressed immediately. This approach would benefit all demented patients: not only those who are in such a serious condition that they need to be hospitalized due to the risk of death, but also those with clouded delirium.
TWELVE MYTHS ABOUT COVID-19
Authors: Krekhovska-Lepiavko O. M. , Lokay B. A. , Volkov R. K.
Published: March 2023

According to the resent investigations, many countries are still at high transmission levels with thousands of new COVID cases every day. Thankfully, a lot of people all over the world are vaccinated and have a much lower chance of developing severe disease or needing hospitalization. The unfortunate news is that there are clusters of people who are not vaccinated, and many of those individuals are ending up hospitalized—or worse. Misinformation continues to spread online and in communities, and medical professionals are having to dispel myth after myth about COVID-19. The article provides the antidote to misinformation describing some of the more common misconceptions and providing the facts.