bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÜRKİYE SELÇUKLULARININ YIKILIŞI SÜRECİNDE SOSYAL HAYATTA BAZI İNSANİ DEĞERLER ÜZERİNE
Authors: ALTUNSOY Nazlı
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada Kösedağ Savaşı ve sonrasında Anadolu’da yaşanan sosyal buhran ile Anadolu’daki insani değerlerin bu buhranın atlatılmasındaki etkisi incelenecektir. Kösedağ bozgunu (641/1243) ile birlikte iktisadi, siyasî ve en önemlisi sosyal buhran yaşanmıştır. Reaya, ekonominin ve güvenliğin bozulması ile otorite boşluğunun sonuçlarını yaşayarak deneyimlemiş ve dertlerini anlatacakları bir merci bulmakta zorlanmıştır. Şehirli ve göçer tabakaları arasındaki sosyal farkın yanı sıra Anadolu’ya yoğun bir göçün de gelmesi var olan keşmekeşin artmasına sebep olmuş, müslim-gayrimüslim tüm reaya var olma mücadelelerini bu karmaşa ortamında vermek zorunda kalmışlardır.

İnsanlık tarihine birer hediye olan değerlerin oluşması genellikle böyle buhran zamanlarından sonra vuku’ bulmuştur. Bu dönemde Anadolu’da İslâm algısı kendine has bir anlayış geliştirmiştir. Bu anlayışa göre en yüce değer insan sevgisidir. İnsan, müslim-gayrimüslim ayırt edilmeksizin değerlidir, sevgi ve saygıyı hak etmektedir. Bunların yanında din, dil, ırk ayrımı yapılmaksızın dinî liderlerin ve özellikle Türkmen dervişlerinin tüm halka eşit davrandığı ve herkesin sığınağı olduğu, dinî önderlerin dinler üstü bir pozisyonda bulunduğu izlenmektedir.
Value Co-Creation Model of Halal Logistics Services
Authors: Okdinawati Liane , Simatupang Togar M. , Imran Arif , Lestari Yuliani Dwi
Published: July 2021

Increasing consumer awareness to provide halal assurance in the supply chain process happens in Muslim countries and non-Muslim countries. Kosher products become a symbol for food safety, quality assurance, and lifestyle choice due to the strict requirements, thereby reducing the risk of contamination of the disease. This led to the increase of demands of halal logistics services to implement the halal concepts in logistics processes. One of the obstacles faced by the companies is a lack of understanding of how the halal concept is applied in accordance with the role of each company in the supply chain. This paper illustrates the value co-creation model using several supply chains for Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), cosmetics, fashion, and pharmaceuticals to provide value for customers and all parties that guarantee halal concepts throughout the activities of the supply chains. Business model and the adaptation in operational planning for a transportation company as halal logistics services are also developed in this paper by including segregation process, packaging, cleaning process, halal labeling, and halal documentation to ensure standard halal assurance are distinguished from activities in the general logistics process.
Designing a Traceability System for Rice Distribution Process Using QR Code Bassed Android Application at Perum Bulog Subdivre III Surakarta
Authors: Sutopo Afan , Susmartini Susy , Herdiman Lobes
Published: July 2021

The state-owned Enterprises (SEO) that manages businesses in the food sector, especially rice is Perum Bulog. However, there were often reports from public about quality of Perum Bulog's rice. Such as the rice had contaminated with gravel or plastic and did not match with premium rice standard. Moreover, The distribution process of premium rice to outlet (RPK) found uncertainty over the arrival time of orders. It caused out of stock and lost sales at the outlet. This paper introduces a q traceability system rice distribution process based on Android with QR Code technology. Furthermore, this paper discusses the system architecture and the development of traceability system design using the company's business process data flow diagram. The developed prototype system shows the functional requirements of the system and can be used by stakeholders to monitor the production process and assist the decision-making process.
Marketing Development Model of Goyor Woven Fabric Increases Consumer Buying Interest in Pandemic Covid-19 Era: Study at Sragen Goyor Industry Center
Authors: Suranto S. , Djunaidi Much.
Published: July 2021

Goyor woven fabric is a product of the creative industry, a micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) product in weaving. Goyor woven fabric is developed industrial center locations at Kalijambe, Miri, Plupuh, Sragen. Goyor woven fabric, as a result of weaving craft, is a handmade woven fabric through a non-machine loom (ATBM).  The study aims to raise the potential of woven fabric products so that woven fabric products (goyor) become attractive to consumers and increase consumer buying interest. The strategy applied to increase sales volume and increase consumer buying interest is through marketing models by marketing mix approaches 9P (products, prices, promotions, distribution, people, physic, process, public relation, and power) to consumer buying interest. This research is beneficial as a marketing development model of market-oriented goyor Woven Fabric. The research objectives are to (a) analyze woven fabric goyor products based preferred by consumers; (b) analyze the market-oriented fabric goyor marketing development model in pandemic era covid 19.  The research method uses explanatory sequential methods with a research population of 15 entrepreneurs who understand Kalijambe, Miri, and Plupuh goyor woven fabric products. Data analysis Likert scale using preferences costumers while increasing product marketing uses a participatory approach. The research results showed that goyor fabric product preferred by consumers has the characteristics of using a marketing mix approach as follows: (1) product variables; (2) variable prices; (3) promotion variables; (4) place variables, (5) people, (6) physic, (7) process, (8) public relation and (9) power). The concept of strategy empowerment and market-oriented product marketing empowerment model is said to be feasible and reasonable. It can be used as a marketing development model in increasing interest in buying goyor products in the pandemic era covid 19.
Penghambatan Ekstrak Daun Kremah (Alternanthera sessilis) Terhadap Enzim α-amilase secara In-Vitro
Authors: Wirasti Wirasti , Lestari Titi , Isyti'aroh Isyti'aroh
Published: July 2021

An important treatment for type 2 diabetes is controlling blood glucose levels. α-amylase enzyme in the body plays a role in breaking down carbohydrates into starch. Control of the amylase enzyme is needed in diabetes cases Kremah plant (Alternanthera sessillis) is a plant whose leaves can be used to lower blood glucose levels because it contains secondary metabolites, one of which is flavonoids which can inhibit the α-amylase enzyme. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity and inhibition value of kremah leaves against the α-amylase enzyme. The method used in this research is the enzymatic reaction by measuring the intensity of the color using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The IC50 value obtained by α-amylase enzyme inhibition was 101.89±7,21 μg / ml while the IC50 acarbose value was 127.17±4,42 μg / ml. These results indicate that kremah leaf extract has activity (hyperglycemia) by inhibiting complex carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes such as the α-inhibition enzyme α-Amylase which is good compared to acarbose because the IC50 value of the extract is smaller, so that the leaves of kremah has inhibiting of the α-amylase enzyme.
INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL PADA PELAJARAN BAHASA JAWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Haryanti Yanti , Kaltsum Honest Ummi
Published: July 2021

Local wisdom is supposed to be a basic guideline for people to live their life in the surround society. Recently, media emerges and discusses on the survival of the local wisdom throughout the Indonesian society. This research is trying to review how the values of local wisdom are taught in elementrary schools. Process of learning cultural values is better done intensively and continuously that internalization of the values can be absorbed well. Internalization process of the values done in schools need tough efforts, started with selection of media or tools which load the values needed to be learned. Using the content analysis, this research is trying to review the content about local wisdom in the text books of Bahasa Jawa subject. This analysis is hoped to find themes and examples of the implementation of the Javanesse local wisdom. By using the content analysis, this research results in the findings that the three dimensions of local values are covered in all text books used in the research; however, there are some detail values found undiscussed in the text books.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN PENDIDIKAN PROFESI GURU SEKOLAH DASAR BEBASIS HOTS
Authors: Wantoro Jan , Sutama Sutama , Zuhriah Siti , Hafida Siti Hadiyati Nur
Published: July 2021

In general, this study was aimed at developing a HOTS-based PPG assessment instrument at the Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The specific objective of this study was to design a HOTS-based PPG assessment instrument that is appropriate for PPG learning. Overall, this study uses a research and development approach. While the development of research is carried out in four stages, namely the stage of defining, designing, developing and disseminating. The results showed that the level of differentiation of the questions that had been given was still low, with the index of difficulty of the questions which were also still not satisfactory. In fact, the quality of the deception has an indication that it is considered to be lacking.
INDONESIAN RURAL EFL TEACHER’S STRATEGY IN TEACHING HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS
Authors: Pasutri Novita Silta , Bukhori Bukhori , Helmiati Helmiati
Published: July 2021

This research aims to explore the rural teacher’s strategy in teaching Higher Order Thinking Skills based on the 2013 curriculum. By using qualitative approach, the researchers collect the data employs non-participant observation in the teaching and learning process, interviewed the English teacher, also documents by collecting the lesson plan made by one of the English teacher in one of Junior High School in Gaung District. The result of this research showed that the teacher used determining learning objectives with the eight characteristics of the lesson plan for 2013 curriculum, teach through questioning with LOTS questions, practice before assessment but it’s not effective, also provide assessment and feedback to develop students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills. The researchers also found that the teacher miss the step of review, refine and improve because she did not collect the students’ feedback. Based on the finding above, the researchers conclude that the teacher has been trying to do the steps to develop the students’ HOTS, but the development of HOTS in the rural area is not reach the expectation of the Higher Order Thinking based on 2013 curriculum.
The Effects of Foreign Market Entry Strategies on Financial Performance of Listed Multinational Firms in Kenya
Authors: Smith C. , Ogutu M. , Munjuri M. , Kagwe J.
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to establish the effects of foreign market entry strategies on the financial performance of listed multinational firms in Kenya. Internationalization theory was used as the theoretical foundation of the study. Empirical studies reviewed revealed that several studies had been done on the direct relationship between performance of multinational firms and their modes of entry into foreign firms. However, none of these studies focused on the financial performance of listed multinational firms. The study utilised a cross-sectional descriptive design. Secondary data collected from firms’ annual reports and financial statements for a period of four years (2014 to 2017) was used. The firms’ financial indicators of Sales Growth, Return on Equity, Return on Assets and Return on Capital Employed were employed to measure their performance. Franchising, exporting, wholly owned subsidiary and acquisitions were assessed as the entry strategies used by multinational firms. Data was collected from all the 62 listed multinational companies in Kenya and analysed using quantitative methods. This analysis was most preferred for data collected was quantitative in nature. The relationship between the independent and the dependent variable was tested using simple linear regression. The results show that the performance of multinational firms operating through franchises and as wholly owned subsidiaries as well as acquisitions was lower than the performance of multinationals operating as export companies. The study concludes that the mode of entry into foreign markets chosen by a firm significantly affected its financial performance in the said market. It is therefore recommended that multinational firms wishing to expand their operations globally to come up with long term strategies that have gone through rigorous scrutiny for the benefit of the firm. The study gave a contextual understanding of the internationalization theory. The theory managed to emphasize on reasons why multinational firms should expand their operations beyond their national boundaries. Actual ingredients for policy makers to undertake a well thought through policy formulation to fully understand the importance of choosing the right entry strategy was provided for in the results. Recommendations of the study are that a thorough marketing evaluation of the country of interest should be undertaken to ensure that proper measures are put in place for the selection of an entry strategy that will address the goals and objectives of a firm. The study also recommends that employees of a firm who are at the forefront in the internationalization process should be well informed and trained ahead of the firm’s plans. Policy makers and advisories in countries are advised to streamline the processes of foreign firms’ registration so to attract foreign investors.
Resource Planning as a Panacea for Successful Completion of Water Projects in Semi-Arid Areas in Machakos County, Kenya
Authors: Mutuku Harrison Mbaluto , Mueke Mumo , Mwangi Augustine
Published: July 2021

This study aimed at establishing the influence of resource planning on successful completion of water projects in semi-arid areas in Kenya with a specific focus on Machakos County. The target population consisted of 648 representative beneficiaries of water projects in Machakos County, Water Management committee members, Sub-County water officers and Machakos County Local Coordinators who are involved in water projects in Machakos County. A sample of 241 respondents was selected using purposive and simple random sampling procedures. The study had a response rate of 70.5%. Descriptive and inferential statistic was employed to analyze the quantitative data. From the simple linear regression conducted, the findings revealed resource Planning influences successful completion of water projects meaning that there was positive relationship between resource planning and successful completion of water projects in semi-Arid Areas. The study recommends the need for legislative authorities to increase statutory allocation to help enhance successful completion of water projects.
Creative Tourism and Business Development in Akwa Ibom State
Authors: Brownson Christabel D.
Published: July 2021

Creative Tourism is a new tourism opportunity that emphasizes the engagement between host and guests who are interested in actively participating in and learning from an authentic experience. It is the future of cultural tourism. Although it is considered as an escape route from the reproduction of cultural assets of tourism destination, contributing the preserve of original cultures and intangible heritage. A simple evaluation of the performance of the Nigerian Tourism industry reveals the absence of a tourism spirit among industry players and the lack of adequate visitor ready tourism products. Despite the low contribution of tourism to the national GDP of the Country, the Nigerian government has made several efforts and attempts to boost the industry with sporadic developments in some states of the country of which Akwa Ibom State is one of them. It is with this view that this study seeks to investigate Creative tourism and business development in Akwa Ibom State. Using a quantitative analysis, a total sample of 192 entrepreneurs were investigated. Findings revealed that Creative Tourism relates positively with business development in Akwa Ibom State.
The Impact of Herding Behavior on Stock Mispricing: The Case of Listed Companies at the Egyptian Exchange
Authors: Alber Nader , Ezzat Ehab
Published: July 2021

This paper aims at examining the impact of herding behavior on stock mispricing. Herding behavior is measured by Cross Sectional of Standard Deviation (CSSD), while stock mispricing is measured by the difference between the market value and intrinsic value of stock. This has been conducted using a sample of 24 companies are listed at the Egyptian exchange during the period from 2002 to 2018.

Results indicate there is a significant effect of herd behavior on stock mispricing in a bivariate context, while the effect remains significant, even after controlling for inflation rate and discount rate. Besides, the discount rates don’t seem to have any significant effects on stock mispricing.
Prevalence of Dental Crowding in the Kabul Dental Hospital, Kabul-Afghanistan
Authors: Erfan Ozair , Taka Gulbahar , Qaderyar Hosna
Published: July 2021

Background: Dental crowding, also called overcrowding, is a condition in which there is not enough space in the mouth for the steady growth of permanent teeth. Common problems that crowding can cause for a person include difficulty chewing food, speech problems, tooth decay, enamel loss, premature tooth loss, pressure on the jaws and pain, gingival resorption, and tenderness. Crowding always creates an unpleasant appearance for a person and even causes a person to be isolated from society and reduce self-confidence due to an ugly appearance. Crowding raises serious functional and aesthetic concerns for many patients.

Aims: Conduct a descriptive study in this field with 1000 patients of the (OPD) Outpatient Department of Kabul Dental Hospital on the prevalence of crowding and to finding the relationship between the incidence of crowding according to the upper and lower jaws and the anterior and posterior segments of each jaw.

Methods and materials: The sampling method were systematic random sampling that 1000 people were randomly selected from all OPD service clients during nine months and were included in the study. The required information was obtained by clinical examination of patients above the dental unit, under adequate light and the kit of dental examination equipment with direct clinical examination of the patient, and a pre-prepared questionnaire was inserted.

The information obtained from the questionnaire reached the coding page, and it was entered into IBM_SPSS-25 software, and its analysis was performed.

Results: From the results of this study, it was found that the prevalence of crowding was 59.1%, with the highest incidence of 28.6% in the lower jaw. Also, the highest rate of crowding events was 44.9% in the anterior segment of the mandible. Crowding events were received in the upper jaw 12.7%, with the highest incidence of 29.3% in the anterior segment.
Development of A Computer Aided Real-Time Interpretation System for Indigenous Sign Language in Nigeria Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Olabanji Ayodele Olawale , Ponnle Akinlolu Adediran
Published: July 2021

Sign language is the primary method of communication adopted by deaf and hearing-impaired individuals. The indigenous sign language in Nigeria is one area receiving growing interest, with the major challenge faced is communication between signers and non-signers. Recent advancements in computer vision and deep learning neural networks (DLNN) have led to the exploration of necessary technological concepts towards tackling existing challenges. One area with extensive impact from the use of DLNN is the interpretation of hand signs. This study presents an interpretation system for the indigenous sign language in Nigeria. The methodology comprises three key phases: dataset creation, computer vision techniques, and deep learning model development. A multi-class Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is designed to train and interpret the indigenous signs in Nigeria. The model is evaluated using a custom-built dataset of some selected indigenous words comprising of 15000 image samples. The experimental outcome shows excellent performance from the interpretation system, with accuracy attaining 95.67%.
FPGA Data Acquisition of Electrical Parameter
Authors: Iroanusi Kennedy Ahamefula
Published: July 2021

A data acquisition system using a Programmable Logic Gate Array (FPGA) and Graphical User Interface (GUI) for visual enhancement designed for Personal Computer is shown. The data acquisition of voltage (V), current (A) and temperature ( ) signals and/or parameters transmitted at high frequency in real time via the system-on-chip (SOC) created on Spartan 6 FPGA. The system-on-chip is achieved by programming the FPGA with a high-speed hardware description language (Verilog) code written for the system, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) was designed for the system and the GUI has been created using a graphical approach utilizing LabVIEW to enable data monitoring on Personal Computer (PC) display. The FPGA requires digital input signals; therefore, an analogue to digital convertor (ADC) is required for the convert sensor data from analogue signal from sensors to digital signals. A voltage level shifter is required to normalise the voltage level standards within the circuity in between the 5V from the ADC converter and the 3.3V voltage requirement for the FPGA. The Spartan 6 FPGA receives data from the analogue sensors via the ADC, the data are wrapped up in packets and transmitted through RS-232 serial port to the PC. The three aforementioned parameters are monitored on the GUI on the PC presented in both numerical and graphical format and all data can be store in a file for backup storage, maintenance or reference purposes.
Filed Comparative Investigation of Loading Test on Micro-Piles Installed with Different Technique – (Case Study)
Authors: Elsiragy M. N.
Published: July 2021

Foundation can be subjected to additional load and constructed in soft soils; therefore, the settlement or foundation tilting is achieved. The most beneficial method to control the settlement and foundation tilting are to be used Micro-piles which have been considered is an effective and easy to reinforce the existing foundation, it also successfully adopted in many ground improvement techniques to safeguard structure from collapse. The paper aims to study the behavior of full-scale micro piles under compression in the filed with length of 20 m as end bearing with diameter of 88.9 mm. This study is focused on the observing the behavior of three micro-piles installed with different technique. The first is normal one without injection as pipe piles MP1, the second is pipe pile with grouted bulb MP2 only under the toe of micro-piles and inside grouting. The last one or third micro-pile MP3 is pipe pile with fully injection for both toe and around the pile length. Three loading tests in the field are carried out to show the load settlement response under axial compression and horizontal load to get the ultimate micro-pile capacity. The results showed that the fully injected micro-piles with grouting have a higher ultimate load capacity and minor settlement compared with other two cases. The ultimate load capacities for fully grouted micro-piles and only with grouted bulb are found to be 13 and 8 times of ultimate capacity of pipe micro-piles without grouted bulb at the toe respectively. Also, it is found that the ultimate horizontal load capacity of Mp3 is found to be 27 ton while it is recorded as 3 and 4 ton for MP1 and MP3 respectively at horizontal displacement of 0.2 micro-pile diameter.
Study of Unbiased Plotting Position Formulae for the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) Distribution
Authors: Ologhadien Itolima
Published: July 2021

The determination of appropriate quantile relations between the magnitude of extreme events and the corresponding exceedance probabilities is a prerequisite for optimum design of hydraulic structures. Various plotting position formulae have been proposed for estimating the exceedance probabilities or recurrence in. In this study, eight plotting position formulae recommended for GEV distribution were used for estimating the exceedance probabilities of annual maximum series of River Niger at Baro, Kouroussa and Shintaku hydrological stations. The performance measures of PPCC, RRMSE, PBIAS, MAE and NSE were calculated by applying their individual equations to each pair of observed AMS, arranged in ascending order, and exceedance probabilities calculated using each plotting positions. The result of the study show that Weibull was the best plotting position formula, seconded by Beard and thirdly, In – na and Ngugen. This study underscores the necessity to accurately size water infrastructure. In a recent paper, the author found GEV distribution the best – fit probability distribution model in Nigeria. Thus, the need to develop indepth understanding and accurate estimation of exceedance probabilities and return periods using the GEV distribution. Furthermore, this paper recommends similar studies to be conducted for Pearson Type 3(PR3) and Log Pearson Type 3 (LP3) distributions.
Unified Vector Multiplication Approach for Calculating Convolution and Correlation
Authors: Okoloko Innocent E.
Published: July 2021

This paper is a theoretical analysis of discrete time convolution and correlation and to introduce a unified vector multiplication approach for calculating discrete convolution and correlation, both of which are important concepts in the design and analysis of signals and systems and are usually encountered in the first course in signals and systems analysis. There are software tools for calculating them, however, it is important to learn now to compute them by hand. Several methods have been proposed to compute them by hand, most of which can be very involving. However, a closer look at the concepts reveal that the convolution and correlation sums are actually vector multiplication with diagonalwise addition and for finite sequences, can be computed by hand the same way. The method is also extended to N-point circular convolution. The method also makes it clearer to see the similarities and differences between convolution and correlation.
Immersion ultrasonic transducers
Authors: Khakimov Ortagoli
Published: July 2021

The principles of operation and design of immersion ultrasonic transducers developed by the authors for excitation and reception of elastic vibrations in moving filament-like and plane-parallel materials, in particular, polymer fibbers and films, with an adjustable angle of input (reception) of probing signals into moving controlled object – polymer fibbers and films at normal and high temperatures.

The technical characteristics of the installation are given in which the converters developed by us are used, namely, sounding base (distance from the emitter to the receivers), the duration of the probing pulses, the frequency of filling and the duration of the probing pulses, the speed of the controlled object, the combined standard measurement uncertainties of the difference Δt of the propagation times of ultrasonic waves from the emitter to the first and second signal receivers, relative combined standard uncertainties of measurements of attenuation coefficient and velocity of propagation of ultrasonic waves.
Persepsi Apoteker terhadap Apoteker Online di Wilayah Surabaya Timur
Authors: Lorensia Amelia , Emiliana Lamur
Published: July 2021

Indonesia saat ini belum memiliki regulasi terkait dengan penjualan obat melalui media online, termasuk apotek online. Namun tatap muka apoteker dan pasien sangat penting dilakukan, karena melalui media online tanpa ada persyaratan atau pembatasan yang mengatur sehingga untuk memberikan jaminan keselamatan kepada masyarakat dan menghindari penyalahgunaan obat yang dijual melalui media online. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif kuantitatif non eksperimental dengan metode purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner untuk mengetahui persepsi apoteker terhadap apotek online di Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini sampel difokuskan dengan metode non-random sampling dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Jumlah responden yang terlibat adalah 100 orang apoteker. Persepsi responden sebagaian besar memberikan persepsi positif, baik pada jaminan kualitas mutu obat dan pelayanan kefarmasian. Responden juga menyetujui adanya keuntungan pembelian via online, seperti kemudahan akses, hemat waktu, dan kelengkapan informasi. Namun responden juga menyetujui adanya kekurangan dari pembelian online seperti risiko keaslian obat, keterbatasan informasi, dan penyalahgunaan obat. Apoteker memandang apotek online sebagai peluang dalam penjualan obat namun juga berisiko penyalahgunaan obat bila tidak diatur dalam regulasi pemerintah.
Control of Gray Mold on Tomato plants by Spraying Piper nigrum and Urtica dioica Extracts under Greenhouse Condition
Authors: Ghazal Hamed N. , Al-Shahwany Ayyad W , Alâ€“Dulaimy Firas T.
Published: July 2021

Field experimented were examined the effects of Piper nigrum and Urtica dioica extracts on the gray mold disease in tomato that caused by Botrytis cinerea. To evaluate the inducing resistance of these extracts, many treatments were sprayed on tomato leaves, including methanolic and aquatic extracts, Silver nano particles biosynthesis (AgNPs) and water as (control).

The results indicated that the resistance of tomato plants was increased when tomato plant sprayed first with Methanolic P. nigrum extracts and after 4 hours sprayed with B. cinerea. Also, spraying with methanolic and aquatic AgNPs P. nigrum extract were reduced gray mold disease. These results were showed that P. nigrum AgNPs treatment reduced the gray mold of tomato leaves because of the activities of total phenolic compounds which was infected with Botrytis cinerea.
A Random Laser Production Using Fluorescein Dye Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Al-Arab Husam S. , Al-Kadhemy Mahasin F. H. , Saeed Asrar Abdulmunem
Published: July 2021

A random laser has been produced using Fluorescein dye solution in water, with concentration of (8 10-5 M); doped with (0.001g) TiO2 Nanoparticles with the particle size of (15.7 nm). A blue diode laser of 450 nm wavelength has been used as an optical pumping source. The wavelength of the random laser was 523 nm and the intensity was 5.44 mW
Well-Controlled Generation Process of Bimetallic Ag//Au Colloidal Nanoparticles by Non-Thermal Plasma DC Glow Discharge
Authors: Alwan Alwan M. , Khamis Raad A. , Abdallah Shahad M.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, an inexpensive, simple and well-accurate process of the generation of bimetallic silver Ag//gold Au core//shell is colloidal metal nanoparticles (MNPs). This is achieved via an atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma glow discharge between two electrodes. One of these electrodes is a capillary tube placing over solution about (1 cm) that acts as the cathode, while the other electrode is a metal disk immersed in the solution and acts as an anode. Glow discharge process carried out at room temperature using a home-made cell with (6 KV) applied voltage and direct current (DC) about (1.8 mA) for different discharge periods. A wide range of bimetallic Ag//Au colloidal MNPs was rapidly synthesized as a result of non-thermal plasma formation between a capillary tube and the surface of AgNO3 solution for (5 min) and a mixture of AgNPs-HAuCl4 solution for (5, 10 and 15 min). Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the structural properties of the bimetallic Ag//Au colloidal MNPs. While optical properties were investigated using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results show that the discharge time plays a crucial role in modifying the bimetallic nanoparticles properties such as grain size, surface area, and optical stability. Moreover, TEM and FE-SEM confirm the formation of Ag//Au core//shell structure with uniform sizes and shapes.
Using Chaos and Ant Track Attributes to Recognize The Faulting Systems and Subtle Faults of a Jurassic - Cretaceous Sedimentary Packages in Merjan_West Kifl Oil Fields - Central Iraq
Authors: Fadhil Mohammed Sadi , Al-Rahim Ali M.
Published: July 2021

Study of three dimensional seismic data of Merjan area-central Iraq has shown that the Jurassic â€“ Cretaceous succession is affected by faulting system. Seven major normal faults were identified and mapped. Synthetic traces have been calculated by using sonic and density log data of the well Me-1.Two exploration wells were drilled in the area Me-1 and Wkf-1 wells, the distance between them is 15.82 km. Discussion about the effect of this system on the sedimentary package has been presented. The tight faults that couldnâ€™t be distinguished it on seismic sections were determined using seismic attributes. They have different strike and limited in their vertical and horizontal extension. They are system facilitates the movement or migration of the fluid across the stratigraphic column in the study area. Faulting framework can be divided into two groups: the first affects the Jurassic and lower Cretaceous rocks and the second effect the upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary rocks. The first group is associated with the post rift thermal sag, passive margin progradation and gravitational collapse (lower Jurassic â€“ upper Cretaceous (Turonian) 022 â€“ 93 Ma); approximately Sargelue â€“ NahrUmr depositional time. The second group is few and is associated with the rifting creating the Euphrates graben (Late Turonian â€“ Maastrichtian 90 â€“ 70 Ma) approximately Tanuma shale / Sadi â€“ Shiranish) depositional time.
The Effect of Sodium Chloride on Ion Association of Lysine and Arginine Ionizable Side Chains Amino Acids with Dehydro-L-ascorbic Acid in Aqueous Solution at Different Temperatures
Authors: Kadhim Muhammed J.
Published: July 2021

Molar conductance (Î›) of ionizable side chains amino acids, lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg) with dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) in water and in NaCl solutions was measured at temperatures range 298 K to 313 K. The limited molar conductance (Î›o) and the constant of the ions association (KA) are calculated using the Shedlovsky techniques. The dynamic radius of the concerned ion (R) is calculated by used Stokesâ€“Einstein relation. The heat of association, the Gibbs free energy, the change of entropy and activation energy (Î”Ho/ kJ mol-1, Î”Go/ kJ mol-1, Î”So/J K-1 mol-1, and Î”ES/ kJ mol-1) respectively), also calculated. The data show increases the molar conductance with increase in temperature and decreasing in values at addition of DHA to Lys and Arg solutions. The association ions in NaCl solutions appear to increase in radius and decrease in diffusion coefficient relative to water solutions.Î”ES, shows in most samples a positive value for the association and the values in NaCl solutions has lower relative to the water solutions. Î”Go is a trend to decrease with an increase in DHA concentration in water and NaCl solutions. The ion association is exothermic reaction relative to the negative value of Î”Ho. The Î”So andÎ”Ho results, for Lys and Arg solutions, show decreasing in values at increase in DHA concentration in water and NaCl solutions. Î”Go (kJ mol-1), Î”So (J K-1 mol-1), Î”Ho (kJ mol-1), and Î”Es (kJ mol-1)
Evaluation of the Aquifer Properties Between Al-Khassa Dam and Kirkuk Structure - NE Iraq
Authors: Darwesh Shams H. , Al-Tamimi Omer S.
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to evaluate the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer between Al-khassa dam and Kirkuk structure, Kirkuk/ NE Iraq. Pumping tests applied for selected wells in the area to evaluate the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer, special distribution of the water table and groundwater movement direction of the groundwater, the hydraulic properties results of five single pumping test in the study area showed that the transmissivity (T) is ranged between (2.01 to 7. 5 m2/day ), storage coefficient (Sc) ranged (6.4 * 10-3 to 7.3 * 10-2) and the hydraulic conductivity (K) is ranged between (0.025 to 0.35 m/day) that calculated by Winlog software, groundwater discharge of the area is equal to 0.163*106MCM, and the optimum distance between the wells should be about 18.8 m. The results0indicated that the aquifer type is semi-unconfined to semi-confined in Bai-Hassan Formation as shown in the geological map. Groundwater movement of the study areashowed that the direction of the groundwater is from the East side toward West around (Al- Khassa dam area).
Comparative Study of Ranking Methods for Fuzzy Transportation
Authors: Al thabhawi Sami Kadhem kareem
Published: July 2021

There are several methods that are used to solve the traditional transportation problems whose units of supply, demand quantities, and cost transportation are known exactly. These methods obtain basic solution, and develop it to the best solution through a series of consecutive calculations to obtain the optimal solution.The steps are more complex with fuzzy variables, so this paper presents the disadvantages of solutions of the traditional ways with existence of variables in the fuzzy form.This paper also presents a comparison between the results that emerged after using different conversion ranking formulas to convert from fuzzy form to crisp form on the same numerical example with a full fuzzy form. The problem has been then converted into a linear programming model, and the BIG-M method to be later used to find the optimal solution that represents the number of units transferred from processing or supply centers to a number of demand centers based on the known cost of transportation.Achieving the goal of the problem is by finding the lowest total transportation cost,while the comparison is based on that value. The results are presented in acomprehensive table that organizes data and results in a way that facilitates quickand accurate comparison. An amendment to one of the order formats was suggested,because it has different results compared to other formulas. One of the rankingequations is modified, because it has different results compared to other methods..
Mann Iteration Processes on Uniform Convex n-Banach Space
Authors: Hamed Mustafa Mohamed , Jamil Zeana Zaki
Published: July 2021

Let Y be a"uniformly convex n-Banach space, M be a nonempty closed convex subset of Y, and S:Mâ†’M be adnonexpansive mapping. The purpose of this paper is to study some properties of uniform convex set that help us to develop iteration techniques for1approximationjof"fixed point of nonlinear mapping by using the Mann iteration processes in n-Banachlspace.
A Comparative Study on Meta-Heuristic Algorithms For Solving the RNP Problem
Authors: Khalil Abeer Sufyan , Al-Dabbagh Rawaa Dawoud
Published: July 2021

The continuous increases in the size of current telecommunication infrastructures have led to the many challenges that existing algorithms face in underlying optimization. The unrealistic assumptions and low efficiency of the traditional algorithms make them unable to solve large real-life problems at reasonable times.The use of approximate optimization techniques, such as adaptive metaheuristic algorithms, has become more prevalent in a diverse research area. In this paper, we proposed the use of a self-adaptive differential evolution (jDE) algorithm to solve the radio network planning (RNP) problem in the context of the upcoming generation 5G. The experimental results prove the jDE with best vector mutation surpassed the other metaheuristic variants, such as DE/rand/1 and classical GA, in term of deployment cost, coverage rate and quality of service (QoS).
Reconstruction of Paleo depth and Paleo temperature from C- O stable isotope records of Mishrif Formation, southern Iraq
Authors: Taha Taher M. , Abdullah Enaam J.
Published: July 2021

Stable isotopes 18O/16O and 13C/12C in the carbonate rocks of the Mishrif Formation are examined here to define the depositional characters in the basin includes paleo temperatures and paleo depth.

     The Mishrif formation (Cenomanian â€“ Early Turonian) has extensive distribution in Iraq and Middle East. Mishrif Formation composed of organic detrital limestone. Four boreholes in four oilfields, Noor â€“ well (11), Amarah â€“ well (14), Buzurgan â€“ well (24), Halfaya â€“ well (8), in south east of Iraq have been studied.

The studied samples have negative Î´18O isotope values studied well, with Average (-4.11â€°), (-4.47â€°), (-4.48â€°), (-4.18â€°) in the studied wells respectively. Carbon Isotope composition positive values in the study samples, with average (2.32â€°), (1.84â€°), (2.20â€°), (2.24â€°)  are studied well respectively. The Stable isotope (18O/16O and 13C/12C) of Mishrif Formation provide the first records of      paleotemperature for the (Cenomanian â€“ Early turanian ) which indicate moderate  during deposition.

     The plot of depositional environment refers to warm water carbonate sediment and the bulk samples cluster tightly to small positive reflect modal isotope composition of dominant skeletal marine carbonate. The paleo-salinity (Z values) provide the marine deposits in studied samples. As the paleo-temperature was high temperature by (T values). The paleo depth he all studied samples in the four oilfields are fall in the same level which is in the upper part of Thermocline this indicate the moderate depth
On Weakly Second Submodules
Authors: Saadi Zainab , Ahmed Ghaleb
Published: July 2021

Let  be a non-zero right module over a ring  with identity. The weakly second submodules is studied in this paper. A non-zero submodule  of   is weakly second Submodule when  ,  where ,  and  is a submodule of  implies either  or   . Some connections between these modules and other related modules are investigated and number of conclusions  and characterizations are gained.
Exact Methods for Solving Multi-Objective Problem on Single Machine Scheduling
Authors: Chachan Hanan Ali , Hameed Alaa Sabah
Published: July 2021

In this paper, one of the Machine Scheduling Problems is studied, which is the problem of scheduling a number of products (n-jobs) on one (single) machine with the multi-criteria objective function. These functions are (completion time, the tardiness, the earliness, and the late work) which formulated as . The branch and bound (BAB) method are used as the main method for solving the problem, where four upper bounds and one lower bound are proposed and a number of dominance rules are considered to reduce the number of branches in the search tree. The genetic algorithm (GA) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to obtain two of the upper bounds. The computational results are calculated by coding (programing) the algorithms using (MATLAP) and the final results up to (18) product (jobs) in a reasonable time are introduced by tables and added at the end of the research.
Heuristic Modularity for Complex Identification in Protein-Protein Interaction Networks
Authors: H. Abdulateef Amenah H. , Attea Bara'a A. , Rashid Ahmed N.
Published: July 2021

Due to the significant role in understanding cellular processes, the decomposition of Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks into essential building blocks, or complexes, has received much attention for functional bioinformatics research in recent years. One of the well-known bi-clustering descriptors for identifying communities and complexes in complex networks, such as PPI networks, is modularity function.   The contribution of this paper is to introduce heuristic optimization models that can collaborate with the modularity function to improve its detection ability. The definitions of the formulated heuristics are based on nodes and different levels of their neighbor properties.  The modularity function and the formulated heuristics are then injected into the mechanism of a single objective Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) tailored specifically to tackle the problem, and thus, to identify possible complexes from PPI networks. In the experiments, different overlapping scores are used to evaluate the detection accuracy in both complex and protein levels. According to the evaluation metrics, the results reveal that the introduced heuristics have the ability to harness the accuracy of the existing modularity while identifying protein complexes in the tested PPI networks.
Depth dose measurement in water phantom for two X-ray energies (6MeV and 10MeV) in comparison with actual planning
Authors: Hasan Raghdah H. , Essa Samar I. , AL-Naqqash Manwar A.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to measure doses delivered at different depths in water phantom at vertical position in comparison with the actual planning in order to verify the dose delivered to the tumor in addition to the measurement of the effect penumbra dose to assess the dose leaking to the healthy soft tissue.

     Percentage depth dose (PDD) values was measured at field sizes (5Ã—5,10Ã—10,15Ã—15, and 20Ã—20) cm2, and the depth dose was measured between (0-16) cm deep at 4cm intervals, for both energies 6 MeV and 10 MeV X-ray beam. Other readings were taken at different distances 1cm and 2cm outside of the actual beam in orthogonal directions at depth of 4 cm. These measurements were designed to measure the penumbra dose produced outside the central beam.

     Results show that the high similarity between water phantom and actual tissue for this reason water is taken as phantom for Quality Assurance (QA) and calculation the depth dose. The similar results may appear strange as the actual planning depth dose is taken in the chest wall where there is bone and soft tissue. The increase in the field size, increases the percentage of surface dose, this could be caused by an increase in the amount of scattering in the larger fields. There is almost no difference in depth dose between homogenous and non homogenous planning also similar to the water phantom. Because of higher photon energy 6MeV and 10MeV the bone has no influence in absorption from the soft tissue. A slight change in the depth dose with increase in the field size may be caused by the scattered radiation.
The Effect of some discontinuities on rock Slope Failure in Some Selected Sites in Bammo Anticline
Authors: Hameed Aya Ali , Alkubaisi Manal Shakir
Published: July 2021

Field studies of the slopes of Bammo anticline, in Northeast of Iraq, was carried out in five selects stations, where rock slopes and the discontinuities were surveyed in these stations and its relationships with failures were determined. The field work was revealed the abundance of rock slope failures, the dominant types are rock fall and toppling.                                                           

     Slope stability assessment was carried out by stereographic projection was made using software (GEOrient 9.5.0), the slopes were classified according to (Al-Saadi, 1981), and the rocks were described in engineering terms according to (Anon, 1972) depending on field data. The study also revealed that the factors affecting slope stability in the study area were slope angle, height, dip of strata, and discontinuities. Some remedial measures are suggested for the unstable slopes, and the most important removal of the detached block.
Shell Model Calculations for Some Properties of 29-34Mg Isotopes
Authors: Mahmood Lubna Abduljabbar , Flaiyh Ghaith Naima
Published: July 2021

The calculations of the shell model, based on the large basis, were carried out for studying the nuclear 29-34Mg structure. Binding energy, single neutron separation energy, neutron shell gap, two neutron separation energy, and reduced transition probability, are explained with the consideration of the contributions of the high-energy conﬁgurations beyond the model space of sd-shell. The wave functions for these nuclei are used from the model of the shell with the use of the USDA 2-body effective interaction. The OBDM elements are computed with the use of NuShellX@MSU shell model code that utilizes the formalism of proton-neutron.