bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The simplest representative of a complex series: the Hg-rich amalgam Yb11Hg54
Authors: Tambornino Frank , Hoch Constantin
Published: April 2017

Yb11Hg54 is a new member of a series of amalgams with composition close to MHg5. Its crystal structure was solved and refined on the basis of single crystal data. The structure model was confirmed with a Rietveld refinement. Yb11Hg54 has the first crystal structure in this family in which no disorder effects such as mixed occupation, split positions or superstructure formation is observed. It therefore can be regarded as a parent structure for all other amalgams. The crystal structure of Yb11Hg54 can be derived from the Gd14Ag51 structure type, the aristotype of this family. We give a detailed crystal structure description for Yb11Hg54 and discuss it in the context of the further known crystal structures closely related. A ranking within this structure family can be established by calculating features for the structural complexity for all structures, including the individual disorder phenomena.
The [BN2]3−anion – a carbon dioxide isosteric building unit for a large family of complex nitridoborate structures
Authors: Pöttgen Rainer , Reckeweg Olaf
Published: April 2017

The crystal chemistry of nitridoborates with the CO2analogous [BN2]3−ion is reviewed. Such nitridoborates form with the alkali and alkaline earth metals as well as with divalent europium. Also quaternary compounds with mixed cations along with nitridoborate nitrides, oxides, halides and hydrides are discussed. The spectroscopic (IR, Raman, solid state NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopy) and magnetic behavior as well as optical properties are discussed in the light of structure-property relationships.
Role of Chloride on the Environmental Degradation of Micro-Alloyed Steel in Simulated Fuel Grade Ethanol Environment
Authors: Joseph O. O. , Loto C. A. , Ade Ajayi J. , Sivaprasad S.
Published: April 2017

In this study, micro-alloyed steel (MAS) material commonly used in the manufacture of auto parts and pipes was immersed in simulated fuel grade ethanol (SFGE) blends and its performance was evaluated. In order to determine the role of chloride on corrosion behavior, electrochemical measurement was conducted in low-conductivity ethanolic solutions in the absence of supporting electrolyte; also mass loss test was performed. Consistent with the mass loss and electrochemical test results, the effect of chloride on the degradation of MAS in the fuel ethanol environments can be classified from the least corrosive concentration to the highest as follows: 0 mg/L < 32 mg/L < 64 mg/L NaCl. Chloride increased the pitting tendency of MAS in E20, E40, and E80 blends.
Metallurgical Nature of the As-Cast Microstructure of High-Nitrogen, High-Manganese Stainless Steels
Authors: Kazakov A. A. , Shakhmatov A. , Badrak R. , Kolpishon E.
Published: April 2017

High-nitrogen, high-manganese austenitic steels because of their non-magnetic behavior and corrosion resistance in combination with high strength and toughness serve various applications. The Schaeffler diagram is commonly used for predicting the as-cast microstructures but it does not reflect the nature of the austenite associated with the sequence of phase formation during solidification. Thermodynamic simulations are an aid to understanding the metallurgical nature of austenite. In this study, the microstructure was revealed by tint etching with examination using polarized light with the light optical microscope. The fragments of dendritic arms that share a common crystallographic orientation were identified by this technique. Two kinds of austenitic microstructures, both with grains formed by sharply defined primary and secondary dendritic arms and with grains having a blurred dendritic pattern, were observed. Solidification through austenite freezes the chemical inhomogeneity, whereas solidification through δ-ferrite, with subsequent transformation of δ-ferrite to austenite, leads to a “blurring” of the dendritic structure. These two kinds of microstructures were interpreted by a Schaeffler–Spiedel diagram which is modified in this paper. Electrochemical investigations showed that the chemical homogeneity of the austenite obtained by primary δ-ferrite solidification exhibited improved corrosion properties.
Anisotropy in Residual Stress Measurements in Aluminum Alloys Used in the Aerospace Industry
Authors: Ramesh Narayanan P. , Suwas S. , Sinha P. P. , Ranganathan S.
Published: April 2017

The aerospace industry has encountered many failures of the metallic hardware and sub-systems made of aluminum alloys, wherein the residual stresses are known to play a major role. This requires an accurate measurement of the residual stresses at various locations of the component in a nondestructive manner. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) method of measuring the residual stresses offers one of the most commonly used nondestructive techniques providing accurate stress values. The aluminum alloys, used for launch vehicle and satellite applications, are subjected to a variety of processing operations to realize the final product. These processes invariably introduce crystallographic texture in the material, which, in turn, influences the residual stresses measured using the diffraction method. The sin2ψ–2θ plots show nonlinearity in the longitudinal and transverse direction for the alloys studied. This nonlinearity could be caused by two major factors, namely, the crystallographic texture and stress gradient from the surface to the core of the sheets. In the case of aluminum alloys studied, both the factors play important roles by influencing the residual stress measurements. This paper covers the anisotropy in residual stress measurements caused by the influence of texture using the diffraction technique. Experiences at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) have been discussed with case studies on textured aluminum-alloy materials.
475°C Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless Steel—A Comprehensive Microstructure Characterization Study
Authors: Örnek C. , Burke M. G. , Hashimoto T. , Lim J. J. H. , Engelberg D. L.
Published: April 2017

The effect of 475°C embrittlement on microstructure development of grade 2205 duplex stainless steel was investigated. Spinodal decomposition products and associated precipitates in ferrite, austenite, and at interphase boundaries were characterized using analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Micro-analyses confirmed the presence of Cr-enriched α'' and Cr-depleted α' spinodal structures in the ferrite after 5 h of aging at 475°C. Long-term aging for 255 h resulted in heavily-faulted R-phase precipitates with sizes of ∼50–400 nm, χ-phase, and ε-Cu in the ferrite, TiN and Cr2N precipitates in the austenite, and a continuous network of M23C6-carbides at interphase boundaries. A significant hardness increase was observed after 255 h of aging, which was accompanied by a reduction of ferrite fraction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) stress measurements showed a general reduction of residual stresses in both ferrite and austenite with aging. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) showed increased local misorientations, primarily close to precipitate interfaces within the ferrite, indicating the development of strain heterogeneities in the microstructure. The data presented provided a better understanding of 475°C embrittlement in duplex stainless steel, suggesting that not only the ferrite alone is responsible for embrittlement. A comprehensive microstructure characterization study has been provided and the explanation for 475°C embrittlement of duplex stainless steel has been discussed.
The Genetic Requirements for Pentose Fermentation in Budding Yeast
Authors: Mittelman Karin , Barkai Naama
Published: April 2017

Cells grow on a wide range of carbon sources by regulating substrate flow through the metabolic network. Incoming sugar, for example, can be fermented or respired, depending on the carbon identity, cell type, or growth conditions. Despite this genetically-encoded flexibility of carbon metabolism, attempts to exogenously manipulate central carbon flux by rational design have proven difficult, suggesting a robust network structure. To examine this robustness, we characterized the ethanol yield of 411 regulatory and metabolic mutants in budding yeast. The mutants showed little variation in ethanol productivity when grown on glucose or galactose, yet diversity was revealed during growth on xylulose, a rare pentose not widely available in nature. While producing ethanol at high yield, cells grown on xylulose produced ethanol at high yields, yet induced expression of respiratory genes, and were dependent on them. Analysis of mutants that affected ethanol productivity suggested that xylulose fermentation results from metabolic overflow, whereby the flux through glycolysis is higher than the maximal flux that can enter respiration. We suggest that this overflow results from a suboptimal regulatory adjustment of the cells to this unfamiliar carbon source.
Die historische Preisentwicklung von Edel- und Industriemetallen
Authors: Ehrhardt Olaf
Published: April 2017

Ein wichtiger Zweig der empirischen Kapitalmarktforschung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welche Renditen Anleger mit Wertpapieren oder anderen Vermögensgegenständen unter Berücksichtigung von Inflationsrisiken langfristig erzielen können. In dieser Studie werden zum Zwecke der Berechnung von Realrenditen historische Preiszeitreihen für die Edelmetalle Gold, Silber und Platin sowie für die sechs an der London Metal Exchange gehandelten Industriemetalle (Aluminium, Blei, Kupfer, Nickel, Zink, Zinn) aufbereitet, welche zum Teil bis ins 13. Jahrhundert zurückreichen.
Рукописи Лествицы Иоанна Синайского в собрании библиотеки им. Врублевских Академии наук Литвы
Authors: Попова Татьяна Георгиевна Георгиевна
Published: April 2017

The Wróblewski Library of the Academy of Sciences of Lithuania contains 4 manu­scripts of The Ladder by John Klimakos (F19-246, F19-247, F19-248, F19-263). The manuscripts F19-246 and F19-247 reveal great textual proximity. They are associated with the editing of the most popular translation of The Ladder in the Bulgarian environ­ment. Related are the manuscript from the Hilandar Monastery (No. 185) and the manu­script from the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, from the collection of the Library of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (No. 235). F19-263 is associated with the editing of the same transla­tion in the Serbian environment. Related is the manuscript from the Pochayiv Lavra, from the collection of the Library of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (No. 12). F19-248 contains the text of The Siberian Lestvichnik. The author calls the manuscripts of The Siberian Lestvichnik and the books in the Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences to be containing certain fragments of The Ladder.
Русский язык в восприятии студентов филологического факультета: русисты vs. нерусисты
Authors: Гринько Юлия
Published: April 2017

This article analyses the perception of the Russian language by students of the Faculty of Philology of Vilnius University. The purpose of the study is to find out what associa­tions are linked with the Russian language by students of different specialties, classify them by semantic areas and try to interpret them according with the sociolinguistic back­ground of Lithuania by conducting a psycholinguistic experiment. The experiment was carried out in the Autumn of 2014 with the help of students of Lithuanian, English, Polish and Russian philology. 1 333 responses were received. The greatest number of semantic areas to distinguish was derived from the students of Russian philology, who provided more associations as compared to philologists of other languages. For those informants who have a poor command of Russian or do not know the language at all the associations are more often based on political and historic events.
Сводный каталог кириллическихрукописных книг, хранящихся в Литве: Предварительные материалы
Authors: Морозова Надежда
Published: April 2017

The catalogue was prepared in 2008–2011, within the framework of the research project Lithuanica: Literary Heritage of the Ethnoconfessional Minorities of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Part II, funded by the Research Council of Lithuania (contract LIT–1–39). The paper provides brief information about all the Cyrillic manuscripts preserved in the libraries and museums of Lithuania. The catalogue is built on the database principle and includes the following fields: 1) title of the manuscript; 2) keeping place; 3) signature; 4) dating; 5) size; 6) storage; 7) provenance. The database contains information about 426 Cyrillic manuscripts: 419 of the manuscripts are kept in Vilnius, 6 books are found in the Biržai Region Museum Sėla and 1 — in the Rokiškis Region Museum. The collected data about the Cyrillic manuscripts preserved in the libraries and museums of Lithuania sug­gest that Lithuania has the biggest collection of these artifacts among the Baltic States.
К 165-летию Н.В. Крушевского: жизнь и судьба ученого (18 декабря 1851, Луцк — 12 ноября 1887, Казань)
Authors: Пахолок Зинаида А.
Published: April 2017

...
Mеждународная конференция “Письменное наследие и информационные технологии. El’Manuscript–2016” (Вильнюс, 22–26 августа 2016 г.)
Authors: Тимченко Татьяна
Published: April 2017

...
Третья Международная научная конференция “Языковые контакты и контрасты”
Authors: Кошкин Игорь , Стойкова Татьяна
Published: April 2017

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PENGARUH PERGANTIAN JARING TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN KERAPU LUMPUR Epinephelus sp. DALAM KERAMBA JARING APUNG
Authors: Yuliansyah Hazmi , Khalik Abdul
Published: April 2017

Budidaya ikan di laut selalu ditempeli oleh aneka jasad air biofouling pada badan jaring sehingga dapat mernpengaruhi sirkulasi dan nrenimbulkan kerusakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi pergantian keranrba jaring apung terhadap pertumbuhan dan sintasan ikan kerapu lumpur Epinephelus sp. Penelitian di]aksanakan selarna tiga bulandengan menerapkan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan.
PENGENDALIAN Vibrio harveyi SECARA BIOLOGIS MENGGUNAKAN BAKTERI JENIS LAIN SEBAGAI MUSUH ALAMINYA PADA LARVA UDANG WINDU
Authors: Roza Des , Zafran Zafran , Taufik Imam , Girsang Moral Abadi
Published: April 2017

Vibrio harveyi merupakan ancaman serius pacla usaha pembenihan udang windu (penaeus monodon) yang menyebabkan kematian massal larva. Cara umum untuk pengenclalian penyakit ini biasanya dengan penggunaan bahan kimia maupun antibiotik tetapi kurang efektif karena tingkat keberhasilannya sangat bervariasi.
PENGARUH RANSUM PAKAN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP SINTASAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN SOTONG BULUH (Sepioteuthis lessoniana Lesson)
Authors: Marthinus Silele , Ahmad Taufik
Published: April 2017

Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ransum pakan terhadap sintasan, pertumbuhan, biomassa, dan rasio konversi pakan sotong buluh dilakukan dalam keramba jaring apung (Kejapung) di perairan Bojo, Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan. Ukuran kejapung yang digunakan L x 1 x 1m dengan ukuran mata jaring 3/4 inci.
Three-dimensional bond model considering the coupled damage effect for dowel action
Authors: Li Peng-Fei , An Xue-Hui , He Shi-Qin , Chen Chen
Published: April 2017

The behaviour of the dowel action as a shear transfer mechanism across interfaces and joints has been recognised as an important component of structural analysis. In this paper, a three-dimensional non-linear bond model considering the coupled damage effect of concrete was developed to simulate the mechanism of interaction between reinforced bars and subgrade concrete. The local axis strain of the rebar and the local compressive strain of concrete were chosen as quantitative indicators of the damage effect. In total, 15 specimens were tested to investigate the effect of the bar diameters, concrete strength, pre-tension and concrete cover on the dowel action. A parameter study based on the experimental data was performed to calibrate the damage index of the model. Verification of the model was conducted by comparing the analysis results with available experimental results. The results show that the proposed model gives good predictions for both failure mechanisms of dowel action.
Effect of temperature on the strength development of mortar mixes with GGBS and fly ash
Authors: Soutsos Marios , Hatzitheodorou Alexandros , Kanavaris Fragkoulis , Kwasny Jacek
Published: April 2017

The concrete mixes used in this study had 28 d mean strengths of 50 and 30 MPa and also had Portland cement (PC) partially replaced with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (FA). These mixes were the same as those used in a UK-based project that involved casting of blocks, walls and slabs. The strength development of ‘equivalent’ mortar mixes was determined in the laboratory for curing temperatures of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50°C. High curing temperatures were found to have a beneficial effect on the early-age strength, but a detrimental effect on the long-term strength. GGBS was found to be more sensitive to high curing temperatures than PC and FA, as reflected in its higher ‘apparent’ activation energy. The accuracy of strength estimates obtained from maturity functions was examined. The temperature dependence of the Nurse–Saul function (i.e. concrete strength gain rate varies linearly with temperature) was not sufficient to account for the improvement in early-age strengths resulting from high curing temperatures. The Arrhenius-based function, on the other hand, overestimated them because of the detrimental effect of high curing temperature on strength starting from a very early age. Both functions overestimated the long-term strengths, as neither function accounts for the detrimental effect of high curing temperatures on the ultimate compressive strength.
Hysteresis via Endogenous Rigidity in Wages and Participation
Authors: Doniger Cynthia L. , López-Salido J. David
Published: April 2017

We model hysteresis in the labor market as resulting from a strategic complementarity in firms' wage setting and workers' job search strategies. Strategic complementarity results in a continuum of possible equilibria with higher-wage equilibria welfare dominating lower-wage equilibria. Further, we specify a protocol for revelation of the new equilibria following shocks such that the model exhibits (1) periods of endogenous rigidity in wages and participation, (2) persistent changes in wages, participation, and output in response to transitory movements in labor productivity, (3) sluggish recoveries including both a "jobless" phase and a "wageless" phase. Furthermore, regardless of the history, expansions are insufficiently robust in the sense that misallocation remains during expansions.
Measuring Transaction Costs in the Absence of Timestamps
Authors: Zikes Filip
Published: April 2017

This paper develops measures of transaction costs in the absence of transaction timestamps and information about who initiates transactions, which are data limitations that often arise in studies of over-the-counter markets. I propose new measures of the effective spread and study the performance of all estimators analytically, in simulations, and present an empirical illustration with small-cap stocks for the 2005-2014 period. My theoretical, simulation, and empirical results provide new insights into measuring transaction costs and may help guide future empirical work.
Understanding Survey Based Inflation Expectations
Authors: Berge Travis J.
Published: April 2017

Survey based measures of inflation expectations are not informationally efficient yet carry important information about future inflation. This paper explores the economic significance of informational inefficiencies of survey expectations. A model selection algorithm is applied to the inflation expectations of households and professionals using a large panel of macroeconomic data. The expectations of professionals are best described by different indicators than the expectations of households. A forecast experiment finds that it is difficult to exploit informational inefficiencies to improve inflation forecasts, suggesting that the economic cost of the surveys' deviation from rationality is not large.
Energy improvement in induction furnace using foaming slag with variation of carbon injection
Authors: Kipepe Theodore Mwata , Pan Xiaowei
Published: April 2017

Energy efficiency is nowadays one of the biggest concerns worldwide. It has become one of the critical matters to any country and industry particularly in South Africa. Because of the complexities and challenges found in industries and especially in foundry, many strategies have been established to measure and regulate more efficiently the energy. Many studies have been conducted in steelmaking process and electrical arc furnace using foaming slag to reduce energy consumption. As such, in this case study, the experiment will be conducted in a small foundry metal casting laboratory using an Induction Furnace (IF), which will reduce energy usage by using the foaming slag and as well pointing out the importance and the impact of carbon rate change on the foaming creation. After experiments all results show that the melting time can be reduced from 42min to 35 min, which is 20% time saving, the electrical energy consumption also has been reduced from 13.93kWh to 10kWh which is 39.3% saving. On the other hand, the foaming slag optimum height was reached at 1 cm. Therefore, a simple modelling has been designed and calculations have been made on heat transfer at the surface opening of the Induction Furnace and temperature loss has been reduced from 878°C to 870°C, with heat transfer loss reduced from 27.99kW to 26.38kW which was 6.10% of energy saving.
Prediction of diesel engine performance, emissions and cylinder pressure obtained using bioethanol-biodiesel-diesel fuel blends through an artificial neural network
Authors: Aydogan Hasan
Published: April 2017

The changes in the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of bioethanol-safflower biodiesel and diesel fuel blends used in a common rail diesel engine were investigated in this experimental study. E20B20D60 (20% bioethanol, 20% biodiesel, 60% diesel fuel by volume), E30B20D50, E50B20D30 and diesel fuel (D) were used as fuel. Engine power, torque, brake specific fuel consumption, NOx and cylinder inner pressure values were measured during the experiment. With the help of the obtained experimental data, an artificial neural network was created in MATLAB 2013a software by using back-propagation algorithm. Using the experimental data, predictions were made in the created artificial neural network. As a result of the study, the correlation coefficient was found as 0.98. In conclusion, it was seen that artificial neural networks approach could be used for predicting performance and emission values in internal combustion engines.
Rolling circle amplification-mediated hairpin (hp)-RNA libraries v1
Authors: D. Weyman Philip
Published: April 2017

A sequence-independent method to turn genomic DNA into libraries of hairpins. An efficient way to get a different adapter on each end of a DNA fragment is toclone it and digest the fragment back out. Design the vector to have unique restriction sitesoutside the unique regions you want to put on each end. After digestion, your DNA fragments will have two different "adapters" on each end. Adapted from: Wang L., Zheng J., Luo Y., Xu T., Zhang Q., Zhang L., Xu M., Wan J., Wang MB., Zhang C., Fan Y. 2013. Construction of a genomewide RNAi mutant library in rice. Plant Biotechnology Journal 11:997–1005. DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12093.
New Definition and Classifications of Epilepsy Among Highlights of the American Epilepsy Society Annual Meeting
Authors: Sperling Michael R ,   Chair, 2016 American Epilepsy Society Annual Meeting Committee, Member, AES Council on Education, Baldwin Keyes Professor of Neurology, Vice Chair for Research, Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, US; Director, Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Philadelphia, US
Published: April 2017

More than 5 million children and adults suffer from epilepsy, but diagnosis and treatment remains challenging. A new classification system rolled out at the recent American Epilepsy Society annual meeting should help make diagnosis easier, ensuring earlier identification of epilepsy and more timely treatment. Other cutting-edge research, insights and best practices presented at the meeting focused on surgical and minimally invasive treatment options, the use of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnant women, the potential benefits of cannabidiol oil in patients refractory to standard treatment and the underdiagnosis of infantile spasms.
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy 101—Pitfalls and Pearls of Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Beydoun Said R ,   Neuromuscular Division, Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California, US, Brannagan III Thomas H ,   Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, US, Donofrio Peter ,   Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, US, Koski Carol Lee ,   GBS/CIDP Foundation International, Narberth, Pennsylvania, US, Lancaster Eric ,   The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
Published: April 2017

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), which is caused by demyelination of the peripheral nerves, is characterized by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function in the arms and legs. CIDP is a treatable condition in which early diagnosis is crucial to limit chronic disability. CIDP can mimic other neuropathies and it is important to identify these in order to ensure prompt treatment. Patients with other causes of neuropathy should be suspected of having CIDP if there is rapid progress or proximal weakness. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), corticosteroids, and plasma exchange are first-line therapies. The IVIG CIDP Efficacy (ICE) trial, the largest trial reported of any CIDP treatment, demonstrated that IVIG therapy reduced disability and functional impairment, as well as improved quality of life. Autoantibodies against membrane proteins of the peripheral nerve axons or the myelin sheath have been reported recently, and an improved understanding of antibody responses in CIDP may enable the development of future targeted therapeutic interventions.
Cerebral Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas—an Update on Pathophysiology, Natural History and Treatment
Authors: Gross Bradley A ,   Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US, Jankowitz Brian T ,   Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US, Friedlander Robert M ,   Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
Published: April 2017

Dural arteriovenous fistulas are unique vascular shunts that can be discovered incidentally or after presentation with pulsatile tinnitus, ocular symptoms, focal neurologic deficits, and even hemorrhage. Their natural history is predicated on the shunt’s venous drainage pattern; presentation modality and venous ectasia are also independent factors influencing lesion natural history. Their management is often via endovascular embolization; surgical disconnection of high risk fistulas and radiosurgery for low risk shunts unamenable to embolization are also options. This article will provide a modern update on dural arteriovenous fistula pathophysiology, natural history and treatment approaches.
Dengue IgM antibody sero-status assessment: a current experience in a teaching institution
Authors: Kiran Deepti , Arora Balvinder Singh , Gogna Arun , Aggarwal K. C.
Published: April 2017

Background: In 2015, Delhi city experienced the worst outbreak of dengue infection since 1996 and our laboratory received a very high number of cases for IgM ELISA testing following clinicians’ referrals. The present study intends to correlate IgM antibody response with duration of fever, platelets counts and ‘with age and gender distribution’ of such cases attending OPDs and subsequently admitted to the medicine and pediatric wards in our tertiary care hospital, New Delhi, albeit, with some useful conclusions and suggestions.Methods: A hospital based observational study was conducted enrolling a total of 500 cases, clinically suspected of DF/DHF/DSS that either reported directly or were referred to Safdarjung Hospital from region in and around Delhi and NCR and subsequently admitted to Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics wards. A total of 500 cases and 50 controls were tested for IgM antibody by ‘IgM antibody capture ELISA (MAC ELISA).Results: Of total 500 serum samples tested, 169 i.e. 33.8% were found to be sero positive. Seropositivity was more among the males 99/169 (58.57%) than the females 70/169 (41.43%). The highest numbers of cases were seen in the age group 41-60 years (46.15%). Amongst seropositive cases, 146 (86.39%) cases had fever of >5 days duration while remaining 23 (13.60%) presented with fever of <5 days. Low platelet count between 20,000-1L cells/mm3 was a feature in all the seropositive cases and statistically it was found significant (p-value 0.001).Conclusions: Detection of IgM specific antibodies by MAC ELISA in cases with high index of clinical suspicion continues to be an effective tool providing a supportive criterion to clinical diagnosis, especially during outbreak periods.
FORENSIC MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ROLE OF COLD FACTOR IN CASES OF DEATH IN HOSPITAL
Authors: Frolova I. A.
Published: April 2017

The article is about causes of death in hospital after hypothermia. Morphological criteria and way of construction of forensic medical diagnosis for this cause of death are offered.
FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION OF THE PERSON ON THE BASIS OF APPEARANCE AND FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE BODY
Authors: Romanko N. A. , Zinin A. M. , Khaziev S. N.
Published: April 2017

Article is devoted questions of definition of the competence of the forensic expert conducting identification and diagnostic researches of images of the person on pictures, video recordings and other data carriers on appearance. Problems of person identification under images of hands, feet, a head and other parts of body in the absence of possibility of research of the face are considered.
SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME AND OTHER INDICATORS OF INFANT DEATH IN STAVROPOL REGION
Authors: Berlay M. V. , Kopylov A. V. , Karpov S. M.
Published: April 2017

The «Sudden Infant Death Syndrome» stands for unexpected nonviolent death of apparently healthy chest age child when there is no history or pathomorphological features which can be adequate explanations for death reasons. In Russian Federation, the death rate from this syndrome in the range of 0.06 to 2.8 per 1000 live births. In Stavropol region, average figures are equal to 0,36 per 1000 live births in the period of 2005–2014. The maximum recorded rate was 0.53 per 1,000 in 2012, while the minimum was observed in 2007 (0.23 per 1,000). Rates of incidence sudden infant death syndrome are similar to the rates of incidence associated with infectious diseases, and as a result of injury or poisoning. Currently paid attention to neurogenic mechanisms of sudden infant death syndrome, as a consequence in combination cranio-spinal birth injury with delayed fatal in infancy, in the period of residual effects.
FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF INTRAMUSCULAR HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Makhlis A. V. , Pesterev V. G. , Ilyina E. V.
Published: April 2017

The article is focused on examination of intramuscular hemorrhages in skeletal muscles in different types of death, analysis of its localization, incidence, mechanisms of development, biochemical evaluation of intramuscular blood after hemorrhage and role of hemorrhage in daily practice of forensic pathologists. This article doesn’t study hemorrhage after local blunt trauma with injury of skin, subcutaneous fatty tissue and skeletal muscles.
TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE INTIMA OF THE CAROTID ARTERY
Authors: Ermakov E. A. , Gudkova T. V. , Frolov V. V.
Published: April 2017

The article refers to intimal damage the internal carotid artery, arising in the conditions of traffic injuries in a car passenger in the so-called «whiplash» injury.
To Digital or not to Digital: How Mothers are Navigating the Digital World with their Young Children
Authors: Teichert Laura
Published: April 2017

We know many children are using digital tools, such as mobile phones and tablets. Much has been debated about the appropriateness of these tools in the lives of young children (e.g., American Academy of Pediatrics, 2001, 2011; National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2012). Yet, parents are engaged in digital practices. Adults’ beliefs about the appropriateness of digital media for children influence the environments they create for young children and potentially influence children’s exposure to and interactions with digital tools. This paper describes the digital literacy practices of three families and reports on the tensions mothers felt in whether to allow their children to participate in these practices.
Legitimizing Linguistic Diversity: The Promise of Plurilingualism in Canadian Schools
Authors: Krasny Karen , Sachar Sonya
Published: April 2017

Policies and practice related to the production and treatment of human difference and diversity figure prominently in educational discourse related to language and identity (Piccardo, 2013; Schecter & Cummins, 2003; Wenger, 1999).  In this article, we undertake a historical review of Canadian language and multicultural policy and how it has shaped educational practice in Canadian schools. In response, we advance a critical understanding of plurilingualism as it more accurately reflects changing communities and conditions of diversity within the global context. Focusing on students as social actors and their ability to use languages for intercultural interactions, our review yields important pedagogical implications for leveraging the dynamism and interconnectedness of language competencies to reimagine Canadian classrooms.
Short‐term Forecasting Tools for Agricultural Nutrient Management
Authors: Easton Zachary M. , Kleinman Peter J.A. , Buda Anthony R. , Goering Dustin , Emberston Nichole , Reed Seann , Drohan Patrick J. , Walter M. Todd , Guinan Pat , Lory John A. , Sommerlot Andrew R. , Sharpley Andrew
Published: April 2017

The advent of real‐time, short‐term farm management tools is motivated by the need to protect water quality above and beyond the general guidance offered by existing nutrient management plans. Advances in high‐performance computing and hydrologic or climate modeling have enabled rapid dissemination of real‐time information that can assist landowners and conservation personnel with short‐term management planning. This paper reviews short‐term decision support tools for agriculture that are under various stages of development and implementation in the United States: (i) Wisconsin's Runoff Risk Advisory Forecast (RRAF) System, (ii) New York's Hydrologically Sensitive Area Prediction Tool, (iii) Virginia's Saturated Area Forecast Model, (iv) Pennsylvania's Fertilizer Forecaster, (v) Washington's Application Risk Management (ARM) System, and (vi) Missouri's Design Storm Notification System. Although these decision support tools differ in their underlying model structure, the resolution at which they are applied, and the hydroclimates to which they are relevant, all provide forecasts (range 24–120 h) of runoff risk or soil moisture saturation derived from National Weather Service Forecast models. Although this review highlights the need for further development of robust and well‐supported short‐term nutrient management tools, their potential for adoption and ultimate utility requires an understanding of the appropriate context of application, the strategic and operational needs of managers, access to weather forecasts, scales of application (e.g., regional vs. field level), data requirements, and outreach communication structure.

Core Ideas

Advances in weather forecasting, data management, and modeling improve nutrient management.

New tools facilitate improved farm decisions in response to real‐time weather.

Nutrient management can be performed operationally and strategically with real‐time tools.
Genetic Effects of Chromosomes 1, 4, and 18 from Three Tetraploid Gossypium Species in Topcrosses with Five Elite Cultivars
Authors: Jenkins Johnie N. , McCarty Jack C. , Campbell B. Todd , Hayes R. W. , Wu Jixiang , Saha Sukumar , Stelly D. M.
Published: April 2017

Chromosome substitution lines (CSLs) have been developed for selected chromosomes from two tetraploid species of Gossypium and are effective ways to target introgression of alleles from exotic tetraploid species into Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) Genetic effects of chromosomes 1, 4, and 18 from Upland cotton (TM‐1), Pima cotton (G. barbadense L.), and Hawaiian cotton (G. tomentosum Nutt. ex Seem) were estimated by topcrossing TM‐1 and six isochromosomal CSLs with five upland cultivars and comparing F2 and F3 hybrids for agronomic and fiber traits. Data were analyzed according to an additive–dominance (AD) model. Additive genetic effects were greater than dominance effects for lint percentage, fiber uniformity, fiber strength, and elongation; whereas, dominance effects were greater than additive effects for boll weight, lint yield, fiber length, and fiber micronaire. All additive × environment effects were small. Dominance × environment effects were only significant for boll weight, lint yield, and fiber micronaire. Chromosome B04 and B18 from Pima cotton and T01 from Hawaiian cotton had significantly greater additive effects for lint percentage than homologs. Chromosomes 1, 4, and 18 from the three species generally showed negative additive effect on lint yield compared with cultivars. Chromosome 1 from Hawaiian cotton had greater additive effects on fiber length than homologs. Chromosomes 1 and 4 from Pima cotton showed greater additive effects on fiber strength than homologs. The magnitude of additive effects on important agronomic and fiber traits show that Pima cotton and Hawaiian cotton harbor useful alleles for Upland cotton breeding programs.
Forage and Seed Production Potential, Nutritive Value, and Fatty Acid Profile of Fenugreek
Authors: Islam M. Anowarul , Obour A.K. , Rule D.C. , Bandara M. , Acharya S.N.
Published: April 2017

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.) is a valuable specialty crop used both as an herb and as a spice. Fenugreek also has potential to be used as an animal feed. This study evaluated 13 entries of fenugreek in two locations in Wyoming (Laramie and Lingle) for forage accumulation, seed yield, nutritive value, and fatty acid profile. The study at Laramie was conducted under irrigated conditions, while that at Lingle was conducted on both irrigated and rain‐fed conditions. Forage accumulations of fenugreek entries grown under irrigated conditions were not different. Location × year interaction (P = 0.003) influenced forage accumulation, with forage accumulation ranging from 870 kg ha−1 in 2010 at Laramie to 6720 kg ha−1 (2011) at this same location. Entry × year effects on forage accumulation were significant (P < 0.05) under rain‐fed conditions. The entry (F96) produced greater forage accumulation than commercial fenugreek cultivars Amber and Tristar in 2 out of the 3 yr. Except crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and fatty acid profile were not different among fenugreek entries when grown under irrigation. Under rain‐fed conditions, entry × year interaction had a significant effect on CP (P = 0.009) and IVDMD (P = 0.0007). Seed yield differed among fenugreek entries when grown under irrigation, but the response was not consistent over the 3 yr. Overall, our results demonstrated the potential of fenugreek to diversify forage production in the central Great Plains of Wyoming.
Variation in Seed‐Quality Traits of Chickpea and Their Correlation to Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides Concentrations
Authors: Wang Runfeng , Gangola Manu P. , Jaiswal Sarita , Båga Monica , Gaur Pooran M. , Chibbar Ravindra N.
Published: April 2017

Genetic resources with desired seed composition are needed to improve nutritional quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds. A germplasm collection of 171 chickpea genotypes (desi and kabuli types) was characterized for selected seed quality traits (thousand‐seed weight [TSW], starch, protein, and amylose) in one greenhouse and two field trials. Kabuli‐type chickpea genotypes (115.7 to 537.4 g and 36.2 to 49.0%) had higher TSW and starch concentrations than desi types (114.6 to 332.4 g and 32.4 to 42.9%), respectively. Desi type chickpea genotypes (16.7 to 27.5%) showed a higher range for protein concentration than kabuli types (17.1 to 24.8%). However, amylose concentration did not vary significantly between desi (29.7 to 34.4%) and kabuli (29.2 to 35.0%) type chickpea genotypes. Genotype, environment, and their interaction showed a significant impact on selected seed‐quality traits. Among the chickpea seed‐quality traits studied, seed weight was the most heritable trait, and it showed significant positive correlation with starch concentration. Protein, amylose, and total raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) had significant negative correlation with TSW. However, total RFO concentration showed significant positive correlation to both starch and protein concentrations. The identified desi and kabuli genotypes can be used as new genetic resources in chickpea improvement programs to develop chickpea varieties with enhanced nutritional composition.
First Report of Dollar Spot Disease, Caused by Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa, of Agrostis Stolonifera in Sweden
Authors: Espevig Tatsiana , Brurberg May Bente , Usoltseva Marina , Dahl Åslög , Kvalbein Agnar , Normann Karin , Crouch Jo Anne
Published: April 2017

Dollar spot is a destructive and widespread disease affecting most turfgrass species, but until recently it has been absent from the Scandinavian countries of northern Europe. In the fall of 2014, disease symptoms consistent with dollar spot were observed on a golf course fairway in Sweden. A fungus was isolated from symptomatic turf and identified as Sclerotinia homoeocarpa on the basis of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, morphology, and culture characteristics. The ITS sequence was identical to isolates of S. homoeocarpa from the eastern and midwestern United States. Koch's postulates were fulfilled, confirming the S. homoeocarpa isolate as the causal agent. This is the first report of turfgrass dollar spot in Sweden and only the second report of the disease from Scandinavia. Because pesticides are rarely used in the cultivation of Scandinavian turfgrass, dollar spot disease may prove difficult to control through conventional means and potentially represents a major threat to the industry.
Mapping Agronomic Traits in a Wild Barley Advanced Backcross–Nested Association Mapping Population
Authors: Nice Liana M. , Steffenson Brian J. , Blake Thomas K. , Horsley Richard D. , Smith Kevin P. , Muehlbauer Gary J.
Published: April 2017

Crop improvement relies on the ability to utilize novel genetic variation. Six‐rowed malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare) developed in the US Midwest has an especially narrow genetic base. Therefore, developing strategies to widen the genetic base in barley is important for continued crop improvement. A wild barley [Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell.] advanced backcross–nested association mapping (AB‐NAM) population was developed to assess wild‐barley‐derived alleles in an elite spring six‐rowed malting barley background. The 796 BC2F4:6 lines in the AB‐NAM were derived from 25 wild barley accessions backcrossed to the cultivar Rasmusson. Because the AB‐NAM design minimizes the deleterious and unadapted traits of the wild barley parents, the population was screened in five field environments for the agronomic traits: days to heading, height, productive tiller number (PTN), test weight, and yield. The number of loci identified ranged from two (PTN, the trait with the lowest heritability) to 19 (height). Domestication‐related genes were identified for each trait, particularly the photoperiod gene Ppd‐H1 for days to heading, height, and PTN and the nonbrittle Btr1/Btr2 loci for test weight and yield. Only a single variant showed beneficial variation for yield from a wild barley allele, but positive effects were identified for the other traits examined, including positive variants for test weight on chromosomes 1H and 3H. The AB‐NAM population is a novel resource to map agronomically important traits associated with wild barley alleles.
Pea Phenology: Crop Potential in a Warming Environment
Authors: Huang Shaoming , Gali Krishna K. , Tar'an Bunyamin , Warkentin Thomas D. , Bueckert Rosalind A.
Published: April 2017

One hundred and seven recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed from the cross of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars CDC Centennial × CDC Sage with the objectives of evaluating phenology and yield components, and to map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for these traits. Experiments were conducted in 2013 using normal seeding date at Saskatoon and Rosthern in Saskatchewan, and in 2014 using both normal and late seeding. The late seeding date was used to expose the plots to a more heat stressful environment, analogous to that experienced in warmer regions of the North American prairies. Days to flowering termination (DTFT) was positively correlated with final seed yield under both normal and late seeding conditions. Among the yield components, pod number (PN) was most positively associated with seed yield, followed by thousand seed weight (TSW) and seed number per pod (SNPP). A genetic linkage map consisting of 1024 loci with a total coverage of 1702 cM was developed using SNP markers. Ten QTLs were found consistent over more than one environment, five for flowering traits and five for yield component traits. A stable QTL at Linkage Group 6b for days to flowering was detected over four environments. The QTLs for flowering duration, TSW and reproductive node number were different between normal and late seeding, which implies different mechanisms were involved under the contrasting environments.