bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late Postoperative Prosthetic Pulmonary Valve Endocarditis in a 13-Year-Old Girl with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: O'Brien Michael C. , Pourmoghadam Kamal K. , DeCampli William M.
Published: June 2015

Prosthetic pulmonary valve endocarditis has infrequently been described outside large cohort reviews, which have typically focused on infections of the left-sided heart valves. Hence, the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management principles of prosthetic pulmonary valve endocarditis have not been well differentiated from those of infected aortic and mitral valves. More patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot are reaching adulthood and will need pulmonary valve implantation. Consequently, a focus on this infrequent but serious cardiac infection is needed, to learn what characteristics might distinguish it from infections of left-sided heart valves.

We report the case of a 13-year-old girl with repaired tetralogy of Fallot who presented with fever and nonspecific symptoms. The patient initially failed to meet the Duke criteria for endocarditis but was then found to have endocarditis of her prosthetic pulmonary valve. We explanted the valve and replaced it with a pulmonary homograft, after which the patient had no infectious sequelae. In addition to presenting the patient's case, we review the literature on surgically inserted prosthetic pulmonary valves and discuss the primary management concerns when those valves become infected with endocarditis.
Anomalous Origin of the Left Main Coronary Artery from the Right Coronary Artery with a Preaortic Course
Authors: Yildiz Omer , Karabay Kanber Ocal , Akman Canan , Aytekin Vedat
Published: June 2015

We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with stable angina pectoris and Canadian Cardiovascular Society class II functional capacity. An electrocardiogram during a treadmill exercise test showed substantial ST-segment depression in the inferolateral leads. Coronary angiograms revealed an anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery from the opposite sinus of Valsalva and an interarterial course between the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery. Although this phenomenon is dangerous, the patient refused further examination. We discuss the diagnosis and treatment of patients who have an anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus of Valsalva.
Lizenzverwaltung von elektronischen Zeitschriften mit KnowledgeBase Plus (KB+)
Authors: Ahlborn Benjamin
Published: June 2015

Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken geben heute einen substantiellen Teil ihres Etats für elektronische Medien aus. Die heute eingesetzten lokalen Erwerbungssysteme bieten meist nur eine lückenhafte Unterstützung für Electronic Resource Management (ERM). Seit 2013 wird von britischen Konsortien und Bibliotheken die Software Knowledgebase Plus (KB+) für die Verwaltung von elektronischen Zeitschriftenpaketen und Lizenzen eingesetzt. KB+ ersetzt kein vollwertiges ERM-System, da Informationen zu Finanzen noch nicht abgebildet werden, es bietet aber eine Reihe von Funktionen, die auch für deutsche Bibliotheken interessant sein könnten.
Variable coding and object alignment in Spanish: A corpus-based approach
Authors: García-Miguel José M.
Published: June 2015

This article discusses three variable coding properties of Spanish objects: flagging (
Forging new pathways for research on language learning motivation
Authors: Raby Françoise
Published: June 2015

Research on motivation in the field of applied linguistics seeks to better understand how and why learners become involved in learning activities and maintain their efforts in this regard. Dörnyei provided a seminal model drawing essentially from cognitive and social psychology (Dörnyei, 2001). In the wake of his reflection, and after investigating motivation in a range of academic contexts, we are now able to present our own model, which is dynamic, weighted, and polytomic (Raby, 2007). After presenting cognitive ergonomics as a new pathway for research in second language acquisition, we shall present the results of our investigations in foreign language learning motivation in technologically enhanced contexts, outlining major methodological difficulties pertaining to this sort of this grounded research.
Rewriting rural community and dictatorial history through magical realism in Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude
Authors: Abdullah Abu Shahid
Published: June 2015

Márquez was greatly influenced by his grandmother’s story-telling ability, and was highly indebted to the socio-political history of Latin America, particularly Colombia. In One Hundred Years of Solitude, he wants to reconstruct the lost world of childhood by using magical realism which gives expression to the world-view of a rural people who live in isolation from modern world. By retelling the official history from the perspective of the oppressed, he reveals the fact that history is never factual and impartial but serves the interest of those who write it. Through the banana company massacre and the subsequent hide and seek over the number of dead workers, Márquez exposes the way official history becomes fabricated and distorted by authorities, and fails to provide the original occurrences. He was disgusted with the political violence and civil wars which had distraught people; he was also against capitalism, scientific and technological inventions, and so-called modernization, which are the means through which foreign culture brings corruption and brutality, dominates, exploits and oppresses the natives, and threatens the native culture and identity. By employing magical realism, he was able to recreate Colombian history to protest against the way capitalism dominated the socio-political and economic structure of the region.
What Can I Hope about the Earth’s Future Climate? Affective Resources for Overcoming Intergenerational Distance, Kantian and Otherwise
Authors: Williamson Diane
Published: June 2015

While climate change involves spatial, epistemological, social, and temporal remoteness, each type of distance can be bridged with strategies unique to it that can be borrowed from analogous moral problems. Temporal, or intergenerational, distance may actually be a motivational resource if we look at our natural feelings of hope for the future of the world, via Kant’s theory of political history, and for our children. Kant’s theory of hope also provides some basis for including future generations in a theory of justice.
État chimique de formé au cours de l’irradiatión neutronique de composés du tellure
Authors: Bertet Michel , Chanut Yves , Muxart Roland
Published: June 2015

Les transformations chimiques accompagnant l’émission β
-
de 131Te ont été étudiées dans différentes conditions expérimentales; on a recherché particuliérement les états d’oxydation 131I de après irradiation neutronique d’anhydride tellureux et d’acide tellurique cristallisés ou dissous dans divers milieux aqueux. Dans le cas de l’acide tellurique, les quantités relatives des états d’oxydation de 131I, fraction réduite (I*-, I*O-, I*2), iodates et périodates dépendent du milieu de dissolution, que l’acide soit irradié k l’état cristallisé ou en solution. Dans le premier cas, la fraction «réduite» croît de 12% a 89% lorsque l’on passe d’un milieu de dissolution voisin de la neutralité á un milieu acide (HNO3 0,8 M). Dans le second cas, la fraction «réduite» est de 89% en Solution neutre ou acide et 64% dans KOH 0,5 M. Pour l’anhydride tellureux, en milieu alcalin, la valeur de la fraction «réduite » varie peu avec les conditions d’irradiation de TeO2 (état solide ou dissous). En Solution, on observe seulement une légère augmentation (de 46% á 56%). Le milieu nitrique est, par contre, caractérisé par une très grande instabilité dont le résultat est une répartition variable des divers états d’oxydation de l’iode, suivant les conditions expérimentales d’analyse.
Extraction of Ruthenium by Naphthols from Fission Products Mixtures
Authors: Konečný Ctirad
Published: June 2015

Separation of microamounts of ruthenium from fission product mixtures in 0.2-0.8 M•HNO3 by extraction with molten naphthols was studied with respect to the composition of individual mixtures and to naphthol amounts. The values of ruthenium distribution ratios depend on the molar ratios naphthol: ferric ions and naphthol: mercuric ions. The radionuclides 106Ru, 90Sr,144Ce, and 137CS were used for the test trials.
The Chemical Forms of Radioarsenic Activated in β- Decay of 77GeCl4 and in the 75ASCl3 (η, γ) Reaction in Benzene
Authors: Halpern A. , Slekierska Κ. E. , Sluda A.
Published: June 2015

The distribution of radioarsenic among the various products in the presence of oxygen has been determined in the following series of experiments : 1. 1 M ASCl3 in benzene has been activated with thermal neutrons, 2. 77GeCl4 has been kept in contact with benzene, and 3. 77GeCl4 has been kept in contact with benzene in the γ-field of a 60Co-unit, at two different gamma dose rates. The distribution of the products (labelled with 76As and 77As, respectively) was determined by high-voltage paper electrophoresis. The results show that: 1. the distribution of radioarsenic is not only dependent on the properties of the recoil fragment produced in the nuclear process, but also on the radiation-increased chemical reactivity of the organic environment, 2. both 77As formed in the (n, γ) reaction and 77As produced by β-decay give the same organic yield, however, some changes in the distribution of products are observed, 3. the formation of the products by the hot processes is due mainly to reaction of the recoil atom with a single medium molecule or with its fragmentation products.
Die aktivierungsanalytische Silberbestimmung in Stoffen mit hohem Cadmiumgehalt
Authors: Lux Franz
Published: June 2015

Zur Vermeidung störender Kernreaktionen wird das Silber vom Cadmium vor der Neutronenbestrahlung elektrolytisch abgetrennt ; darüber wurde in einer früheren Mitteilung berichtet.

Nach der Neutronenaktivierung wird das Silber mitsamt der gebildeten 110mAg- Aktivität unter Zusatz von Silberträger mit Salpetersäure von den Platinkathoden abgelöst, radiochemisch gereinigt und die 110mAg- Aktivität gemessen.

Für die radiochemische Reinigung wurde ein für diesen Fall geeignetes kombiniertes Fällungsverfahren ausgearbeitet. Reinigungsversuche mit Hilfe des Ag+/Silberhalogenidaustausches erbrachten nicht die erwarteten Dekontaminationsfaktoren. Bei Testanalysen wurden Silbermengen von 10-8 g bis 10-4 g neben 1 g Cadmium mit einer Genauigkeit von ±10% bestimmt. Die direkte Bestrahlung unveränderter Analysenproben ergab, daß vor allem wegen der nicht erwarteten starken Bildung von 106Ag und 105Ag aus Cadmium eine Abtrennung des Silbers vom Cadmium vor der Neutronenaktivierung bereits bei hundertmal höheren Silbergehalten erforderlich ist, als ursprünglich auf Grund von Literaturangaben berechnet worden war.
Heterogener Austausch von Kalium- und Cäsiumionen an Kalium- und Cäsiumtetraphenylborat
Authors: Lieser K. H. , Hecker Α. Β. H.
Published: June 2015

Im System K[(C6H5)4B]/Cs+ erstreckt sich der Austausch sehr rasch auch auf das Innere der Kristalle; im Mittel werden 64% der Kaliumionen gegen Cäsiumionen ausgetauscht. In den Systemen K[(C6H5)4B]/K+ und Cs[(C6H5)4B]/Cs+ beschränkt sich der Austausch zunächst auf die Oberfläche der Kristalle; es werden nur etwa 1% der Ionen ausgetauscht. Im System Cs[(C6H5)4B]/K+ wird kein Austausch beobachtet. Das Verhältnis der Löslichkeiten ist kein Maß für den Umfang des Austausches.
The Determination of Size Distribution of Particles in Suspension by a Diffusion Technique
Authors: Reinhardt H. , Liljenzin J. O , Lindner R.
Published: June 2015

Under the assumption of a logarithmic particle-size distribution, the geometric mean radius r̄ and the geometric standard deviation σ can be determined by means of radial diffusion transport and wall adsorption within a capillary. The possibility of simultaneous sedimentation is taken into account. The best fit of the experimental results to calculated curves is shown to confirm earlier estimates of the size of „radiocolloids" and Al2O3-powder.
Checklist of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Tocantins and Bahia, Brazil: a gradient from Cerrado, Caatinga and Atlantic Forest
Authors: Lapenta Marina Janzantti , Bueno Adriana De Arruda
Published: June 2015

Herein we present a list of bat species in a gradient of physiognomies, from the Cerrado to the Caatinga and to the Atlantic Forest, between Tocantins and Bahia, two of the most poorly bat-sampled regions in Brazil. A total of 30 species (26 for Bahia and 13 for Tocantins), were recorded. We report, for the first time, two species of bats from Tocantins: Anoura geoffroyi (Phyllostomidae) and Cynomops planirostris (Molossidae). Our study increases to 41 the number of bat species for the Caatinga of Bahia, including two new formal reports for this region (Artibeus fimbriatus and Molossus rufus).
¿Hablando con mirlos? El uso de la personificación de los animales en la leyenda artúrica
Authors: Sanz Mingo Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2015

Resumen

Aunque los textos que conforman la literatura artúrica no suelen presentar rasgos fabulescos, sino, más bien, mitológicos, algunas narraciones artúricas usan características propias de las fábulas para desarrollar sus ideas moralistas. Este artículo se centra en el estudio de un texto medieval galés y uno contemporáneo en inglés para demostrar cómo se hace uso y aplican las técnicas de la fábula a la leyenda artúrica.

Palabras clave: Literatura artúrica, Fábula, Mitología, Mabinogion, Animales.

Abstract

Even when Arthurian literature does not usually present characteristics of fables but, rather, mythological qualities, some texts make use of fable features in order to develop a moralistic viewpoint. This article deals with the study of a Welsh medieval text and a contemporary one in English to show how the technique of the fable is used and applied to the Arthurian legend.

Key words: Arthurian literature Fable, Mythology, Mabinogion Animals.

 
Santiago López Moreda Hispania en los humanistas europeos Detractores y defensores (María Asunción Sánchez Manzano)
Authors: Sánchez Manzano María Asunción
Published: June 2015

Reseña escrita por María Asunción Sánchez Manzano de Santiago López Moreda Hispania en los humanistas europeos
Presentación Monográfico 2014
Authors: Martín-Junquera Imelda
Published: June 2015

Homenaje a la industria sobre todo a la minera
Agricultural water conservation in china: plastic mulch and traditional irrigation
Authors: Ingman Mark , Santelmann Mary V. , Tilt Bryan
Published: June 2015

Plastic mulch is commonly used with micro‐irrigation in developed countries; however, Chinese farmers use plastic mulch on a vast scale independent of micro‐irrigation. For the past three decades, China's land area in plastic mulch has exceeded the world's total land area in micro‐irrigation. We report results from the water‐scarce region of Minqin County, where 87% of Chinese farmers interviewed responded that they use plastic mulch to conserve water and 53% to increase yields. Survey results indicated the desire to conserve water through the use of plastic mulch to be statistically equivalent to the desire to increase yields. Responses to interviews and surveys indicate that farmers perceive water savings of 24–26% when plastic mulch is used. Interview and survey responses suggest farming families are shifting to purchasing wheat from outside the region; a potential import of “virtual water” into this water‐scarce region.
Experiences, Uses, and Significations of the Home as a Birth Territory in a Town in Central Greece
Authors: Chronaki Myrto
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND:The issue of home birth has been examined in the medical and social sciences in relation to its biomedical safety and women’s birthing experiences. However, the role the home landscape itself plays at birth has only marginally been studied.

AIM:The objective of this study is to investigate the material and symbolic dimensions of the home environment, as experienced by women who gave birth at home in the Greek town of Volos in the period from 1994 to 2013.

METHODS:The biographical approach is adopted to study women’s birth narratives and their descriptions of the new uses of the home; the reflective position was used for the analysis of the findings.

FINDINGS:The narratives of the women on their expectations and experiences of birth at home included the issues of safety; privacy and intimacy; freedom, control, and responsibility; presence of the baby and close family members; the “naturalness” of birth; and the joy the new mothers experienced. The home territory was used in new, creative ways to facilitate the birth. The house itself underwent some provisional changes and was loaded with novel meanings.

CONCLUSION:Women were found to be empowered in their new role as mothers and as persons in general, and the home was redefined as a more open place that interacted with the public sphere.
Framing Indoor Tanning Warning Messages to Reduce Skin Cancer Risks Among Young Women: Implications for Research and Policy
Authors: Mays Darren , Tercyak Kenneth P.
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We investigated the impact of indoor tanning device warnings that communicate the risks associated with indoor tanning (i.e., loss framed) or the benefits of avoiding indoor tanning (i.e., gain framed).

Methods. A convenience sample of non-Hispanic White women aged 18 to 30 years who tanned indoors at least once in the past year (n = 682) participated in a within-subjects experiment. Participants completed baseline measures and reported indoor tanning intentions and intentions to quit indoor tanning in response to 5 warning messages in random order. A text-only control warning was based on Food and Drug Administration–required warnings for indoor tanning devices. Experimental warnings included graphic content and were either gain or loss framed.

Results. In multivariable analyses, gain-framed warnings did not differ from the control warning on women’s intentions to tan indoors, but they prompted stronger intentions to quit than the control message. Loss-framed warnings significantly reduced intentions to tan indoors and increased intentions to quit indoor tanning compared with control and gain-framed warnings.

Conclusions. The public health impact of indoor tanning device warnings can be enhanced by incorporating graphic content and leveraging gain- and loss-framed messaging.
An Assessment of Tight Sand Development Potential in the South Rulison Area, Garfield County, Colorado
Authors: Duda J. R. , Hancock J. S.
Published: June 2015

This study focuses on natural gas occurrences and reservoir characterization in the assessment of the production potential in the Piceance Creek Basin (Garfield County, Colorado). This Basin has reservoirs with lenticular sands that are characterized as having low porosities, low permeabilities, and relatively high water saturations. One such horizon is the Mesaverde Group which consists of discontinuous sandstone lenses distributed within a shale matrix, and is present throughout the Piceance Creek Basin. Prior studies of the commercial Rulison Field located in the southcentral portion of the Basin in Garfield County indicated that compressional forces created an anticlinal nose aligned northwest to southeast through part of the field; these forces created a conductive natural fracture system that enhances the permeability of the Mesaverde. This paper shows a relationship between the Rulison Field and an area south of Rulison, which encompasses approximately 36 square miles (93.2 km2). The area has been sparsely drilled to date (averaging one well per two sections and nonuniformly spaced); thus, the possibility exists for further commercial development through infill drilling. The southern Rulison area is characterized in structure, percent sand, and critical reservoir parameters including permeability. Production rates, cumulative gas production, and drilling and completion data are used to infer permeabilities by history matching, using a dual porosity, dual permeability reservoir simulator. Results include a reservoir description of the area with economic evaluations of several investment scenarios in order to assess the economic feasibility of exploiting the potential resource.
Mechanisms Controlling Fracture Height Growth in Layered Media
Authors: BenNaceur K. , Touboul E.
Published: June 2015

In a fracturing treatment, vertical and lateral growth are influenced by in-situ conditions, and by the rheological properties of the fracturing fluid. The analysis of the parameters affecting the height growth of those hydraulically induced fractures is a critical issue for predicting stimulation effectiveness. Eventually, a precise control of the height growth, and preventing the fracture from penetrating into the barriers would avoid possible water or gas coning following the treatment.

The effects of the properties of the barriers, including variations in crack opening moduli, stresses, and additional stresses due to leak-off, on the rate of height growth are described. A boundary integral technique is used to evaluate the effects of treatments which impede the vertical height growth, and treatment simulations are performed with a three-dimensional fracture model. Upwards and downwards growth are proven to be impeded by use of selected prop-pants, and their effect can be characterized by the trends in pressure evolution during the treatment.

Several cases are then presented, with different strategies for height growth control and their implication on poststimulation production. When two-phase flow may occur, comparisons based on a black-oil model are made to show the effects on water-oil ratio curves.
Regionalism, Municipal Organization, and Interlocal Cooperation in Canada
Authors: Spicer Zachary
Published: June 2015

The challenge of governing multi-municipal areas is a long-standing policy problem for those who study local government. While changes to government structures are often suggested as a solution to the coordination and servicing dilemmas inherent within metropolitan areas, more recent research has demonstrated that decentralized, voluntary means of interlocal cooperation show promise in providing for service and policy continuity within these regions. Very little research has been conducted on the state of voluntary cooperation in Canadian metropolitan areas. This article seeks to correct this by studying interlocal agreements within six Canadian metropolitan areas, while introducing new measures for examining the intensity of these relationships. Overall, this article finds that municipalities within these areas are using interlocal agreements sparingly, and those with arrangements are mostly signing low-value, low-risk agreements that do not integrate governance mechanisms or service responsibility.
A Microplate Growth Inhibition Assay for Screening Bacteriocins against Listeria monocytogenes to Differentiate Their Mode-of-Action
Authors: Vijayakumar Paul , Muriana Peter
Published: June 2015

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have historically been used in food fermentations to preserve foods and are generally-recognized-as-safe (GRAS) by the FDA for use as food ingredients. In addition to lactic acid; some strains also produce bacteriocins that have been proposed for use as food preservatives. In this study we examined the inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes 39-2 by neutralized and non-neutralized bacteriocin preparations (Bac+ preps) produced by Lactobacillus curvatus FS47; Lb. curvatus Beef3; Pediococcus acidilactici Bac3; Lactococcus lactis FLS1; Enterococcus faecium FS56-1; and Enterococcus thailandicus FS92. Activity differences between non-neutralized and neutralized Bac+ preps in agar spot assays could not readily be attributed to acid because a bacteriocin-negative control strain was not inhibitory to Listeria in these assays. When neutralized and non-neutralized Bac+ preps were used in microplate growth inhibition assays against L. monocytogenes 39-2 we observed some differences attributed to acid inhibition. A microplate growth inhibition assay was used to compare inhibitory reactions of wild-type and bacteriocin-resistant variants of L. monocytogenes to differentiate bacteriocins with different modes-of-action (MOA) whereby curvaticins FS47 and Beef3, and pediocin Bac3 were categorized to be in MOA1; enterocins FS92 and FS56-1 in MOA2; and lacticin FLS1 in MOA3. The microplate bacteriocin MOA assay establishes a platform to evaluate the best combination of bacteriocin preparations for use in food applications as biopreservatives against L. monocytogenes.
Coarse-Grained Modeling of Peptide Docking Associated with Large Conformation Transitions of the Binding Protein: Troponin I Fragment–Troponin C System
Authors: Wabik Jacek , Kurcinski Mateusz , Kolinski Andrzej
Published: June 2015

Most of the current docking procedures are focused on fine conformational adjustments of assembled complexes and fail to reproduce large-scale protein motion. In this paper, we test a new modeling approach developed to address this problem. CABS-dock is a versatile and efficient tool for modeling the structure, dynamics and interactions of protein complexes. The docking protocol employs a coarse-grained representation of proteins, a simplified model of interactions and advanced protocols for conformational sampling. CABS-dock is one of the very few tools that allow unrestrained docking with large conformational freedom of the receptor. In an example application we modeled the process of complex assembly between two proteins: Troponin C (TnC) and the N-terminal helix of Troponin I (TnI N-helix), which occurs in vivo during muscle contraction. Docking simulations illustrated how the TnC molecule undergoes significant conformational transition on complex formation, a phenomenon that can be modeled only when protein flexibility is properly accounted for. This way our procedure opens up a new possibility for studying mechanisms of protein complex assembly, which may be a supporting tool for rational drug design.
L'état des recherches françaises en histoire sociale du moyen âge (Quelques aperçus des résultats acquis et des problèmes en suspens)
Authors: Fourquin Guy
Published: June 2015

L'histoire sociale de la France à la fin du moyen âge semble en train de progresser nettement parce qu'elle a su, souvent, se renouveler. Sortant des sentiers battus (par exemple : opposition vraie ou supposée de la noblesse et de la bourgeoisie), encombrés d'à priori, elle commence à s'intéresser aux composantes fondamentales de la société : famille conjugale ; famille large ; clans familiaux ou suprafamiliaux (ceux-ci se renforçant aux dépens de la famille étroite pendant les malheurs de la guerre de cent ans puis pour limiter les empiétements de l'Etat) ; groupes socioprofessionnels (par exemple, ceux formant les officiers royaux ou princiers). Ce nouvel éclairage peut profiter à d'autres secteurs de l'histoire, qu'il s'agisse de celle des soulèvements ou de l'histoire proprement politique.
Les morts chassés de la cité. ''Lumière et Préjugés" : les "émeutes" à Lille (1779) et à Cambrai (1786) lors du transfert des cimetières
Authors: Lottin Alain
Published: June 2015

Alain Lottin, De doden uit de steden verdreven. "Verlichting en vooroordeel" : de "troebelen" te Rijsel (1779) en te Kamerrijk (1786) bij de overbrenging van de kerkhoven.

Na de debatten waarin de "verlichte" opinie zich tegen de infectiebronnen, die de kerkhoven waren, gekeerd had, verbood een koninklijke declaratie op 10 maart 1776 het begraven in de kerken, en drong aan op de verplaatsing van de begraafplaatsen buiten de stad. In Rijsel bereidde de stadsmagistratuur methodisch deze maatregelen voor sedert 1772 ondanks de oppositie van de traditionalisten. Bij de uitvoering van de nieuwe verordeningen komt oproer voor. Zo werden in 1779 in Rijsel twee lijkwagens vernietigd en werd een betoger voorbeelding gestraft. In Kamerrijk steunt het volk de families die weigeren voor het vervoer door paarden getrokken karren te gebruiken. In twee gevallen geldt dat de mensen zelf hun doden naar het (nieuwe) graf brengen willen uit "goedheid, geloof en medeleven". Deze debatten en betogingen (waarin het probleem van de frisse lucht een grote rol speelt) spruiten voort uit een mentaliteitsverschil en vooral uit de ontkerstening van een deel van de elite en de wil het "overbodige" uit de stad te verbannen om zo kostbare grond te winnen. Daarbij komt een verwerpen van de dood en een terugkeer naar heidense opvattingen. Deze elite neemt het op tegen het volk en sommige notabelen die de dure maatregelen verwerpen omdat ze de oude verbondenheid en de volksreligie verdwijnen doen. Het is duidelijk dat de desa- cralisatie van de stad een achteruitgang van de zin voor het sakrale betekent.
La hiérarchie catholique et la Belgique sous l'occupation allemande
Authors: Dantoing Alain
Published: June 2015

A. Dantoing, De katholieke hiérarchie in bezet Belgie.

Voor het uitbreken van het conflict kiest de kerk de zijde van de strikte neutraliteit van de regering en is van oordeel dat België niet hoeft tussen te komen zolang zijn vitale belangen niet bedreigd worden. Tijdens de bezetting voert de kerk een dubbele politiek ; tot maart 1943 vermijdt ze elk conflict met de militaire overheid, conflicten die deze overheid ook niet wenst. Nadat de kerkelijke overheid gemerkt heeft dat deze politiek niet het minste effekt heeft voor de verdediging van de essentiele rechten, protesteert ze in maart 1943 publiekelijk tegen de verplichte arbeid en vertolkt zo, eindelijk, de opinie van de bevolking. Tegenover de collaboratie neemt de kerk in het mandement van 7 October 1940 reeds duidelijk stelling, wat na de vooroorlogse reacties tegen het rexisme te verwachten was. II het algemeen nam de kerk een positieve houding in tegenover de weerstand.
Opinions et attitudes de chrétiens pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale
Authors: Vandenbussche Robert
Published: June 2015

Robert Vandenbussche, Opinions and attitudes of Christians during World War II.

On the eve of the war, Catholic circles of Northern France look fundamentally conservative. The groups or movements that try to shake down this political and social conservatism (P.D.P., C.F.T.C., J.O.C.) remain a minority party. The political and social crisis, the social problems of the 1 930's contribute to divide the Catholic circles, at the same time prompting the moderates to radicalize their position.

The beginning of the war is seen as that of a new campaign imposed and directed by the Germans ; yet the Soviet Union is not spared political attacks. Very soon, the war is understood by the Catholics as a "Christian crusade" against National-Socialism and Communism.

The occupation divides the "Catholic community".

Many circles feel an undeniable inclination towards the National revolution. The heads of many bodies controlled wholly or partially by the State are notable Catholics and active militants. But theirs is not a complete allegiance. The evolution of the regime is not always throught satisfactory : nevertheless a strong faith in the spirit of the national revolution, judged as a necessary cure for many evils and which reminds on certain points the Catholic action movement, is still felt.

The résistants are moved by other motives : patriotism and anti-germanism contribute to this act of individual refusal. The social origins of the Catholic résistants are mostly similar to those of the partisans of the national revolution (the middle classes), and also sometimes more popular. A form of more political resistance develops around the leaders of the Parti démocratique populaire. But from 1943 this movement grows wider and tries to reach as many different circles as possible : the publishing of "Témoignage Chrétien" and the formation of the R.I.C. (Résistants d'inspiration chrétienne) are landmarks in this development.

The consequences of this division are innumerable : traditional obedience and a certain conception of religious life are shattered.
Le trésor gaulois de Ledringhem. Essai d'interprétation
Authors: Leclercq P.
Published: June 2015

Pierre Leclercq, "De schat van de Galliërs ontdekt te Ledringhem".

De in 1852 ontdekte schat telde enkele duizenden geldstukken. In een ongeveer gelijke hoeveelheid waren stateren van de Morinen (Ambiani van de klassen IV en VI van juffr. S. Scheers) en van de Nerviërs aanwezig. Het ging im hun beider bijdrage in de strijd tegen Cesar. De schat werd waarschijnlijk in 55 voor CHr. begraven. Belangrijk is dat hij stateren van de Morinen bevat van de klasse VI die waarschijnlijk in de streek van Ledringhem-Terwaan geslagen werden.
Trésors de la Gaule septentrionale. La circulation monétaire à la fin du IIIème et au début du IVème siècles
Authors: Bastien Pierre
Published: June 2015

Pierre Bastien, "Schatten van noordelijk Gallië. De geldcirculatie op het einde van de derde en het begin van de vierde eeuw".

Het eerste deel van het artikel is gewijd aan een inventaris van de Romeinse munten van de eerste tot de derde eeuw ontdekt in noordelijk Gallië en gedurende de laatste dertig jaar gepubli- ceerd. In het tweede deel wordt de geldcirculatie in dezelfde streek van het einde van de derde tot het begin van de vierde eeuw bestudeerd, tot de dood van Constantinus. Daarvoor wordt gesteund op recente publicaties in verband met monétaire opslagplaatsen, en geldstukken op vindplaatsen en begraafplaatsen. Het gaat vooral om de gevolgen van de hervorming van Aurelius, de penetratie van het geld van Carausius en Allectius en de geldinbreng gedurende de onderscheiden perioden van ateliers in Lyon, Trier en Londen.
Un nouveau lot du trésor de Guimaëc (Finistère)
Authors: Aubin Gérard
Published: June 2015

Gérard Aubin, "Een nieuw gedeelte van de schat van Guimaëc (Finistère)".

Deze schat, opgegraven in 1938, bevatte 770 antoniniani. 100 munten zijn in 1954 in de openbaarheid gebracht. Dit artikel behandelt 200 andere munten. Dit deel B Lijkt op het eerste deel (deel A). De schat van Guimaëc bevat, voor zover we deze kennen, slechts een zeer klein aantal plaatselijke imitaties (20 P de 300) en kan vergeleken worden met vier andere ontdekkingen uit die streek. De auteur dyrly voor de ingraving ervan te situeren enige tijo na de troonsafstand van tetricus. Hij verwerpt de traditioneel gemaakte tegenstelling tussen goede en slechte schatten uit deze tijd. Inderdaad zijn de schatten die veel plaatselijke imitaties bevatten pas veel later verborgen, onder probus of zelfs nog na diens heerschappij. De komplete katalogus van deze vondst zal later gepubliceerd worden.
Dispersion et concentration de la draperie sedanaise au XVIIIème siècle : l'entreprise des Poupart de Neuflize
Authors: Gayot Gérard
Published: June 2015

Gérard Gayot, "Dispersion and concentration of the Sedan cloth-industry in the XVIIIth century : the Poupart de Neuflize enterprise".

In the case of Sedan, the family record-book ot the Poupart de Neuflize family (private archives) and the traditional sources (Archives Nationales F 12) enable us to explain the constitution in eighteenth century France of those areas of mono-industry marked with a heavy concentration of labour force and dominated by trading manufacturers who thus control directly the supply of raw materials, the manufacturing itself, and the sale.

The traders' capital, pricked by the demand and by the search for reduced costs, deliberately takes part in the up-stream industrialization process by the setting of spinning and weaving workshops in the suburban zones and in the country. Without any dangerous locking-up of capital, without mechanization, without the creation of derived poles, the traders' capital nevertheless organizes a new industrial space and a new type of social relationship wich will have to be taken into account by the nineteenth century industrializing movement.
Aux origines de la Révolution industrielle en Suède
Authors: Nordmann Claude J.
Published: June 2015

Claude Nordmann, "Het begin van de industriële omwenteling in Zweden".

Hoe kon een klein en achterlijk land gedurende het grootste deel van de zeventiende eeuw een grote mogendheid worden ? Met de grote kopermijn van Falan bezat Zweden belangrijke reserves van dit kostbare metaal en daarbij kwam dat ten tijde van Gustav Adolf, Kristina en Karel Gustav X Zweden ook het monopolie van de Europese kopermarkt bezat. In de jaren 1580 werd het kopergeld in Spanje ingevoerd ; de Vasa kontroleerden al snel deze rijkdom voor het bekostigen van de oorlogen, wat ook een voorwaarde was voor de buitenlandse ondernemers. Op het einde van de regering van Karel XI werd de koperontginning vervangen door de ijzerindustrie onder de impuis van Duitse en daarna Waalse en Hollandse experten. In 1637 werd een mijncollege opgericht en de kroon deed haar best om de produktie te beperken en zo de prijzen hoog te houden. Maar de industrie kwam stilaan in de handen van de eigenaars van de gieterijen in de Bergslag. De grootste ondernemer was een Amsterdammer, Louis de Geer, zowel wat de wapens als de textiel betreft.

Ijzer bleef het voornaamste exportartikel in de 18de eeuw vooral naar Groot-Brittanië. Vanaf 1750 wordt Sint-Petersburg echter een belangrijker exportcentrum voor ijzer dan Stockholm. De ijzerwinning stond onder de contrôle van een vereniging van ijzergieters die hun mijnen volgens een patriarchaal systeem bestuurden met de bescherming en de subsidies van de "hoeden". Kristoph Polhem en Swedenborg werkten samen om van Zweden een grote industriële natie te maken, maar na 1763 werd dat onmogelijk ; wel was de weg geopend om van Zweden een welvaartstaat te maken.
Le site épipaléolithique des basses pâtures à Maroilles (Nord). Etude préliminaire
Authors: Fagnart Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2015

Jean-Pierre Fagnart, "The epipaleolithic site of the "Basses Pâtures" at Maroilles (Nord). Preliminary study".

The prehistorical site of Maroilles in southern Hainault displays a particular aspect of the regional Epipaleolithic ("Mesolithic"). The technical, typological, and stylistic characteristics of the industry make a cultural attribution to the Ardennian credible.
Espaces sauvages et chasses royales dans le Nord de la Francie, VII ème-IX ème siècles
Authors: Hennebicque Régine
Published: June 2015

A l'époque franque, les espaces sauvages du Nord de la Francie relèvent d'une véritable organisation de l'espace établie par le roi en fonction de contraintes alimentaires et sociologiques.

Contraintes alimentaires puisque les résidences royales ont été installées à proximité immédiate de grandes forêts où les souverains allaient chasser le gibier noble qui honorait leur table. A partir du VIIème siècle, ces espaces jadis publics ont même été réservés à l'usage royal par l'institution des "forestes".

Contraintes sociologiques aussi car l'étude des voyages carolingiens montre que ces derniers ne relèvent pas de nécessités alimentaires. Pour tenir son rang et assurer son pouvoir face à l'aristocratie, le roi doit disposer d'immenses espaces qui dépassent largement ses besoins mais lui permettent de circuler et chasser à son gré. Cette exploitation très extensive de vastes zones réservées est bien caractéristique des sociétés inégalitaires où règne la pénurie.
Entreprise et association dans l'arrondissement de Lille 1830-1862
Authors: Deyon Pierre , Hirsch Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2015

L'article repose sur l'analyse sérielle des actes de société déposés au greffe du tribunal de l'arrondissement de Lille. Les statistiques des créations des dissolutions, celles de la capitalisation sont toutes des indicateurs précieux de la conjoncture régionale. Elles révèlent aussi l'évolution des structures et des localisations industrielles. Mais surtout les actes de société nous renseignent sur les modes de gestion des entreprises. Ils confirment le caractère familial de beaucoup de société, la méfiance des industriels à l'égard du système bancaire et les pratiques courantes de l'autofinancement. Les registres conservés au greffe du tribunal de commerce permettent encore d'étudier les professions des associés. En résumé cette source nous apporte autant d'informations sur l'histoire des familles et les relations sociales que sur l'histoire économique et industrielle.
Overcoming Organizational Obstacles and Driving Change
Authors: Murphy Jenni , Keck Anna
Published: June 2015

Social media channels are tools for communication, not new communication in and of themselves. Like any form of external communication, social media is ineffective without a strategy and plan. In 2009, the College of Professional Education (CPE) at State University North began an arduous process to gain support and resources for the organizational use of social media. The case history highlights the various mechanisms, projects, and models CPE experienced during the evolution of the Social Media Team and the “Year of Social Media” initiative. Using Kotter's 8-Step Change Model, the activities are discussed across 4 stages. This approach resulted in 32 segments of evaluation – 4 stages of development and 8 steps of change. The case history and analysis specifically focus on the organizational changes that occurred in order to enable organizational usage of social media for student engagement, advocacy, and marketing. The study does not focus on the actual use of social media tools or the impact on student engagement, advocacy, and marketing. The analysis sheds light on the experiences of change with a process model applied retroactively and provides a synopsis of lessons learned.
Facebook as an Educational Environment for Mathematics Learning
Authors: Baya'a Nimer , Daher Wajeeh
Published: June 2015

In this chapter, the authors describe four successful experiments in using social networking sites (Facebook and Edmodo) in mathematics teaching and learning, where this use depended on populating the sites with historical mathematicians and/or mathematical phenomena. They describe two models of using social networking sites in mathematics education, as well as the phases of working mathematically with students when implementing each model. The authors emphasize the use of social talk as the first step to involve students with the learning of mathematics, as well as moving to cultural talk as a bridge between the social talk and the mathematical discourse. The experience in the four experiments indicates that social networking sites invite student collaboration, as well as encourage their learning actions and interactions. Teacher's or moderator's sensitivity is a very important factor for the success of the experiment, especially when young students are involved. Other factors which influenced the success of students' learning in social networking sites were the features of the social networking site, the properties of the inter-disciplinary phenomenon or the mathematics produced by the historical mathematicians, the background of the learners, and the activities of the moderator.
Analysing the Suitability of Virtual Worlds for Direct Instruction and Individual Learning Activities
Authors: Zarraonandia Telmo , Francese Rita , Passero Ignazio , Díaz Paloma , Tortora Genoveffa
Published: June 2015

Despite several researchers reporting evidence that 3D Virtual Worlds can be used to effectively support educational processes in recent years, the integration of this technology in real learning processes is not as commonplace as in other educational technologies. Instructional designers have to balance the cost associated with the development of these virtual environments with the expected outcomes reported by the use of the new technology, but for some types of learning processes those outcomes are not always easily predicted. In this document the authors experience using 3D Virtual Worlds is summarized with the aim of getting a deeper understanding of their potential pedagogical use when supporting two different types of learning activities commonly included on a course: direct instruction, which exploits the social dimension of the technology, and individual learning activities in which that feature is not used. Based on those experiences a set of guidelines for designing 3D virtual world learning environments is proposed.
A Review of Tools for Overcoming the Challenge of Monitoring of Social Media
Authors: Figueroa Carlos , Otero Abraham
Published: June 2015

Until recently, a company's communications with the public were unidirectional and mostly limited to advertisements in mass media. This gave companies almost complete control over their brand and image. Nowadays, a new set of media, in which the public has similar capabilities for creating content as companies has emerged: social media. The growth of this medium has been exponential, endowing it with a reach that can dwarf traditional mass media. Having or not having a presence in such media is not just a choice of the company. The company's customers and the general public can generate content related to a company without the company's consent. There is no way for the company to avoid it. All they can do is listen to the conversations, engage in them, and try to dampen negative feelings while steering the overall conversation in positive directions. Given the size of social networks and the large number of conversations that they support on a daily basis, manual monitoring is impossible. In this chapter, the authors review and evaluate various tools to support the tasks of monitoring and managing the content of social media that is relevant for a company, a brand, or a product.
Social Media Tools in Initial Teacher Education
Authors: Mâţă Liliana
Published: June 2015

This chapter investigates the current context of integrating and exploiting social media tools in initial teacher education. The theoretical part highlights the latest approaches of social media on an international level from the perspective of the following elements: a) the concept of social media, b) the categories of tools, c) the implications of integrating social media technologies in the field of teacher education, and d) the configuration of innovative model of social media in the context of teacher training. The methodological part presents the results of a content analysis research of the way in which new social media tools may be used in initial teacher training. The research results contribute to establishing the main issues in this field as well as new solutions and directions for improving initial training programmes for teachers by means of social media tools.
Facebook's Hidden Potential
Authors: Saykili Abdullah , Kumtepe Evrim Genç
Published: June 2015

As Social Networking Sites have come to play a greater part in our lives, more and more people interact with each other in these environments. Because social networking tools have managed to attract billions of users worldwide, they have also drawn the attention of educators. As the largest social networking site, Facebook has captured the interest of educators and educational institutions, regardless of its desirable or undesirable effects on education settings. However, empirical research on the implications of how Facebook can be utilized in English as a foreign or second language (EFL/ESL) learning and teaching setting is limited. This issue needs further exploration to provide deeper insights and meaningful conclusions. This chapter focuses on the utility of a multicultural Facebook special interest group, FaceLearning, which was created by the authors to support the EFL/ESL learning and teaching. The research attempts to map the potentials and the concerns that arise from the perspectives of three instructors involved in the study to explore the value, role, and educational implications of Facebook for EFL/ESL settings.