bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stereotypes, Control, Hyper‐Surveillance, and Disposability of NCAA Division I Black Male Athletes
Authors: Comeaux Eddie
Published: July 2018

This chapter uses critical race theory as an interpretive framework to explain and operationalize the role of race and racism in the lived experiences and challenges of Division I Black male athletes, and specifically in relation to engagement and achievement at Predominantly White Institutions.
UHRF1 Licensed Self-Renewal of Active Adult Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Blanchart Albert , Navis Anna C. , Assaife-Lopes Natalia , Usoskin Dmitry , Aranda Sergi , Sontheimer Jana , Ernfors Patrik
Published: July 2018

Adult neurogenesis in the brain continuously seeds new neurons throughout life, but how homeostasis of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) is maintained is incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that the DNA methylation adapter ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains-1 (UHRF1) is expressed in, and regulates proliferation of, the active but not quiescent pool of adult neural progenitor cells. Mice with a neural stem cell-specific deficiency in UHRF1 exhibit a massive depletion of neurogenesis resulting in a collapse of formation of new neurons. In the absence of UHRF1, NSCs unexpectedly remain in the cell cycle but with a 17-fold increased cell cycle length due to a failure of replication phase entry caused by promoter demethylation and derepression of Cdkn1a, which encodes the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. UHRF1 does not affect the proportion progenitor cells active within the cell cycle but among these cells, UHRF1 is critical for licensing replication re-entry. Therefore, this study shows that a UHRF1-Cdkn1a axis is essential for the control of stem cell self-renewal and neurogenesis in the adult brain.
Perceptions of Excellent Teachers: International, HBCU, and Health Professions Perspectives
Authors: Groccia James E. , Ismail Emad A. , McConner Mary , Ford Channing R. , Noll Kelley
Published: July 2018

Four TBC studies investigating faculty and student perceptions of the qualities of excellent teachers yielded consistent results, although student responses revealed a greater range of qualities. Students included more items from the caring and supportive subscale whereas faculty tended to focus more on items from the professional competency subscale.
Graybody radiation phenomena in a fractional manner
Authors: Uzun Merve , Şirin Hüseyin , Çalık Abdullah Engin , Atman Kazım Gökhan
Published: July 2018

In this paper, the graybody radiation phenomena has been handled with the help of fractional calculus. Fractional definition of graybody spectrum has been written in terms of Mittag‐Leffler function. The obtained data from fractional calculus approximation for nearly 2.87 × 107 K have been compared with literature values and standard blackbody radiation.
A universal tachyon in nearly no-scale de Sitter compactifications
Authors: Junghans Daniel , Zagermann Marco
Published: July 2018

Abstract

We investigate de Sitter solutions of

$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$

N
=
1

supergravity with an F-term scalar potential near a no-scale Minkowski point, as they may in particular arise from flux compactifications in string theory. We show that a large class of such solutions has a universal tachyon with

$$ \eta \le -\frac{4}{3} $$

η
≤
−

4
3

at positive vacuum energies, thus forbidding meta-stable de Sitter vacua and slow-roll inflation. The tachyon aligns with the sgoldstino in the Minkowski limit, whereas the sgoldstino itself is generically stable in the de Sitter vacuum due to mass mixing effects. We specify necessary conditions for the superpotential and the Kähler potential to avoid the instability. Our result may also help to explain why the program of classical de Sitter hunting has remained unsuccessful, while constructions involving instantons or non-geometric fluxes have led to various examples of meta-stable de Sitter vacua.
Tests and proofs for custom data generators
Authors: Dubois Catherine , Giorgetti Alain
Published: July 2018

We address automated testing and interactive proving of properties involving complex data structures with constraints, like the ones studied in enumerative combinatorics, e.g., permutations and maps. In this paper we show testing techniques to check properties of custom data generators for these structures. We focus on random property-based testing and bounded exhaustive testing, to find counterexamples for false conjectures in the Coq proof assistant. For random testing we rely on the existing Coq plugin QuickChick and its toolbox to write random generators. For bounded exhaustive testing, we use logic programming to generate all the data up to a given size. We also propose an extension of QuickChick with bounded exhaustive testing based on generators developed inside Coq, but also on correct-by-construction generators developed with Why3. These tools are applied to an original Coq formalization of the combinatorial structures of permutations and rooted maps, together with some operations on them and properties about them. Recursive generators are defined for each combinatorial family. They are used for debugging properties which are finally proved in Coq. This large case study is also a contribution in enumerative combinatorics.
Soil moisture remote-sensing applications for identification of flood-prone areas along transport infrastructure
Authors: Ahlmer Anna-Klara , Cavalli Marco , Hansson Klas , Koutsouris Alexander J. , Crema Stefano , Kalantari Zahra
Published: July 2018

The expected increase in precipitation and temperature in Scandinavia, and especially short-time heavy precipitation, will increase the frequency of flooding. Urban areas are the most vulnerable, and specifically, the road infrastructure. The accumulation of large volumes of water and sediments on road-stream intersections gets severe consequences for the road drainage structures. This study integrates the spatial and temporal soil moisture properties into the research about flood prediction methods by a case study of two areas in Sweden, Västra Götaland and Värmland, which was affected by severe flooding in August 2014. Soil moisture data are derived from remote-sensing techniques, with a focus on the soil moisture-specific satellites ASCAT and SMOS. Furthermore, several physical catchments descriptors (PCDs) are analyzed and the result shows that larger slopes and drainage density, in general, mean a higher risk of flooding. The precipitation is the same; however, it can be concluded that more precipitation in most cases gives higher soil moisture values. The lack, or the dimensioning, of road drainage structures seems to have a large impact on the flood risk as more sediment and water can be accumulated at the road-stream intersection. The results show that the method implementing soil moisture satellite data is promising for improving the reliability of flooding.
Editorial
Authors: Santana Carlos Rivera , Mackinlay Elizabeth , Nakata Martin
Published: July 2018

This special issue of the Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, titled ‘South-South Dialogues: Global Approaches to Decolonial Pedagogies’, aims to contribute to the field of Australian Indigenous Studies and Education by further diversifying the perspectives, conversations and conceptual tools to engage with Indigenous pedagogies. Through a south-south conversational and conceptual approach, this special issue expands the conversation of Indigenous pedagogies internationally and conceptually from a global south location. At the same time, this special issue means to be a re-iteration of the first ‘South-South Dialogues: Situated Perspectives in Decolonial Epistemologies’ conference held in November 2015 at The University of Queensland, Brisbane, which displayed a south-south conversation lead by local and global Indigenous perspectives. This special issue further theorises what many local and global scholars view as implied in Indigenous education: that the mainstream field of education can be re-examined using a decolonial viewpoint, one that is led by the views of Indigenous peoples and people of colour from the ‘global south’. This issue also responds to a re-awakening of decolonial theories that have been embodied in ‘Southern Theory’ (Connell, 2007), Indigenous Standpoint Theory (Nakata, 2007), coloniality/decoloniality (see, for instance, Maldonado-Torres, 2007), among others that continue to re-examine the conditions in which colonisation continues to be epistemologically exerted and continue to propose ways to contest it. This re-invigorated conversation is one that can be addressed by a genuinely horizontal intercultural dialogue lead by the southern perspectives. This was, one way or another, what was observed and lived in the ‘South-South Dialogues’ conference that felt like the starting point of a newer form of knowledge production and pedagogy.
Scaling-up social enterprises: The effects of geographic context
Authors: Corner Patricia Doyle , Kearins Kate
Published: July 2018

Social enterprises implement business-like approaches to address social problems. Scale-up of these enterprises beyond one geographical context can extend their impact to better match the scope of problems being addressed. Unfortunately, many social enterprises start but relatively few expand to new contexts, making scale-up one of the most important but least understood outcomes of social entrepreneurship. We explore this outcome empirically, extending existing research that is predominantly conceptual. The study adopts a multicase study research design. A dynamic capabilities framework reveals how resources are amassed and configured for expansion, a process that can be more difficult for social compared to commercial enterprises. Findings suggest scale-up may be a second act of social entrepreneurship because dissimilarities between initial and scale-up contexts necessitate product modification, different partnerships, and idiosyncratic resource configurations. We thus call into question existing literature’s focus on standardization – generic resource configurations – for scaling-up social enterprises to new geographical contexts.
Improvement of Multi-GNSS Precise Point Positioning Performances with Real Meteorological Data
Authors: Su Ke , Jin Shuanggen
Published: July 2018

Tropospheric delay is one of the main error sources in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP). Zenith Hydrostatic Delay (ZHD) accounts for 90% of the total delay. This research focuses on the improvements of ZHD from tropospheric models and real meteorological data on the PPP solution. Multi-GNSS PPP experiments are conducted using the datasets collected at Multi-GNSS Experiments (MGEX) network stations. The results show that the positioning accuracy of different GNSS PPP solutions using the meteorological data for ZHD correction can achieve an accuracy level of several millimetres. The average convergence time of a PPP solution for the BeiDou System (BDS), the Global Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System of Russia (GLONASS), BDS+GPS, and BDS+GPS+GLONASS+Galileo are 55·89 min, 25·88 min, 33·30 min, 20·50 min and 15·71 min, respectively. The results also show that atmospheric parameters provided by real meteorological data have little effect on the horizontal components of positioning compared to the meteorological model, while in the vertical component, the positioning accuracy is improved by 90·6%, 33·0%, 22·2% and 19·8% compared with the standard atmospheric model, University of New Brunswick (UNB3m) model, Global Pressure and Temperature (GPT) model, and Global Pressure and Temperature-2 (GPT2) model and the convergence times are decreased 51·2%, 32·8%, 32·5%, and 32·3%, respectively.
MÖBIUS INVARIANT FUNCTION SPACES AND DIRICHLET SPACES WITH SUPERHARMONIC WEIGHTS
Authors: BAO GUANLONG , MASHREGHI JAVAD , POULIASIS STAMATIS , WULAN HASI
Published: July 2018

Let ${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}}$ be Dirichlet spaces with superharmonic weights induced by positive Borel measures $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ on the open unit disk. Denote by $M({\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}})$ Möbius invariant function spaces generated by ${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}}$. In this paper, we investigate the relation among ${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}}$, $M({\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}})$ and some Möbius invariant function spaces, such as the space $BMOA$ of analytic functions on the open unit disk with boundary values of bounded mean oscillation and the Dirichlet space. Applying the relation between $BMOA$ and $M({\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}})$, under the assumption that the weight function $K$ is concave, we characterize the function $K$ such that ${\mathcal{Q}}_{K}=BMOA$. We also describe inner functions in $M({\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}})$ spaces.
Niche amplitude, tidal-locking and Fermi's Paradox
Authors: Stevenson David S.
Published: July 2018

‘Where is everybody?’ remarked Enrico Fermi, leading to the famous, and as yet unanswered ‘Fermi's Paradox’ as this remark has come to be known. While there are a number of possible solutions that vary from the distances are too great; the cost prohibitive or civilizations naturally decline or eliminate themselves before interstellar travel becomes possible, none of these are intellectually satisfying. More recently, Manasvi Lingam and Abraham Loeb suggested that for those planets orbiting red dwarfs, atmospheric erosion may be a partial solution to this ‘paradox’. Such planets may experience greater exposure to stellar winds and/or extreme ultraviolet and X-radiation (henceforth abbreviated to EUV). While this proposition is undeniably reasonable, it is likely incomplete. A more fundamental limitation on the development of biological complexity is imposed by plate tectonics: time. On asynchronously rotating planets, the habitable area for any species is defined by latitudinal bands that encompass the globe. Conversely, on synchronous rotators, the comparative habitable area is limited to broadly concentric regions surrounding the Sub-Stellar Point (SSP). Given that terrestrial mammals and from them humans evolved in tropical or subtropical regions, the geographical area subtended with these conditions is likely to be smaller and transected by suitable landmasses for shorter periods than on asynchronously rotating worlds. Habitable subaerial regions for individual species are therefore more limited in area. This leads to a greater limitation on the temporal intervals over which biological complexity can evolve.
Theoriegestützte Fallanalysen anhand des Pflegetheorie-Rondells
Authors: Boßler Barbara , Heinsch Anna
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Die Theorie bildet neben Forschung und Lehre die dritte Säule der (Pflege-)Wissenschaft. Es geht um das Erfassen der Sinn- und Ursachenzusammenhänge von dem, was erlebt oder getan wird. Professionelle pflegerische Verantwortung kann nur wahrgenommen werden, wenn ein „Durchblick“ vorhanden ist (Menche, 2011). Das Pflegetheorie-Rondell ist ein niederschwelliges Instrument für Fallanalysen. Es soll Pflegefachkräfte und Auszu- bildende unterstützen, ein persönliches Pflegeverständnis zu entwickeln und bedürfnisorientiert zu arbeiten. Im diesem Artikel werden Ergebnisse einer Fallanalyse mittels des Pflegetheorie-Rondells und nachfolgender Befragung mit Praxis-Anleiterinnen vorgestellt. Konsequenzen aus den Erkenntnissen sind die Gestaltung von Schulungen zur Vermittlung der Handhabbarkeit des Rondells, Einführung bedürfnisorientierter Fallanalysen auf einer Modellstation und Ausbau des Rondells mit weiteren Pflegetheorien.
Was psychiatrisch Pflegende mit Pippi Langstrumpf zu tun haben
Authors: Hahn Sabine
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Stephan Bögershausen ist Altenpfleger, Diplom-Pflegewirt, stellvertretender Pflegedirektor an der LWL-Klinik Lengerich, Pflegedienstleiter für die Abteilungen Allgemeine Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Gerontopsychiatrie und Neurologie, Gründungsmitglied des Referats Psychiatrische Pflege in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN), Gründungs- und Präsidiumsmitglied der DFPP und Mitglied in der BFLK.
Quantification of Precipitation Asymmetries of Tropical Cyclones Using 16‐Year TRMM Observations
Authors: Pei Yongxian , Jiang Haiyan
Published: July 2018

Both low and higher wavenumber asymmetries of tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation are quantified from 16 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) microwave imager rainfall estimates using Fourier decomposition. The energy spectrum of rainfall perturbation and impacts of the storm motion and vertical wind shear to the rainfall asymmetry are analyzed. It is found that the wavenumber 1 perturbation only contributes 37% of the total perturbation energy of total TC precipitation, while over 70% of the total perturbation energy is from the sum of wavenumbers 1 through 6. Most of the total precipitation asymmetry is from the heavy precipitation, and contributions for light and moderate precipitation types are small. The maximum motion‐relative precipitation asymmetry is generally located down motion but shifts cyclonically after adding wavenumber 2–6 components to wavenumber 1. The asymmetry index of wavenumber 1 and 1–6 asymmetries relative to the vertical wind shear is about 2 to 3 times as large as that relative to the storm motion. The vertical wind shear is a more important factor than the storm motion in producing precipitation asymmetry, especially for the wavenumber 1. A dominant downshear left wavenumber‐1 asymmetry maximum is found regardless of the shear vector orientation to the TC motion, the magnitude of the shear value, and the speed of TC motion. However, the maximum asymmetry of wavenumber 1–6 asymmetry becomes downshear right for the subgroup with low shear, fast motion, and the shear vector left to the motion.
High climate model dependency of Pliocene Antarctic ice-sheet predictions
Authors: Dolan Aisling M. , de Boer Bas , Bernales Jorge , Hill Daniel J. , Haywood Alan M.
Published: July 2018

The mid-Pliocene warm period provides a natural laboratory to investigate the long-term response of the Earth’s ice-sheets and sea level in a warmer-than-present-day world. Proxy data suggest that during the warm Pliocene, portions of the Antarctic ice-sheets, including West Antarctica could have been lost. Ice-sheet modelling forced by Pliocene climate model outputs is an essential way to improve our understanding of ice-sheets during the Pliocene. However, uncertainty exists regarding the degree to which results are model-dependent. Using climatological forcing from an international climate modelling intercomparison project, we demonstrate the high dependency of Antarctic ice-sheet volume predictions on the climate model-based forcing used. In addition, the collapse of the vulnerable marine basins of Antarctica is dependent on the ice-sheet model used. These results demonstrate that great caution is required in order to avoid making unsound statements about the nature of the Pliocene Antarctic ice-sheet based on model results that do not account for structural uncertainty in both the climate and ice sheet models.
Caspases maintain tissue integrity by an apoptosis-independent inhibition of cell migration and invasion
Authors: Gorelick-Ashkenazi Anna , Weiss Ron , Sapozhnikov Lena , Florentin Anat , Tarayrah-Ibraheim Lama , Dweik Dima , Yacobi-Sharon Keren , Arama Eli
Published: July 2018

Maintenance of tissue integrity during development and homeostasis requires the precise coordination of several cell-based processes, including cell death. In animals, the majority of such cell death occurs by apoptosis, a process mediated by caspase proteases. To elucidate the role of caspases in tissue integrity, we investigated the behavior ofDrosophilaepithelial cells that are severely compromised for caspase activity. We show that these cells acquire migratory and invasive capacities, either within 1–2 days following irradiation or spontaneously during development. Importantly, low levels of effector caspase activity, which are far below the threshold required to induce apoptosis, can potently inhibit this process, as well as a distinct, developmental paradigm of primordial germ cell migration. These findings may have implications for radiation therapy in cancer treatment. Furthermore, given the presence of caspases throughout metazoa, our results could imply that preventing unwanted cell migration constitutes an ancient non-apoptotic function of these proteases.
Author Correction: Dynamics of a qubit while simultaneously monitoring its relaxation and dephasing
Authors: Ficheux Q. , Jezouin S. , Leghtas Z. , Huard B.
Published: July 2018

The original version of this Article omitted the following from the Acknowledgements: Z. Leghtas' primary affiliation is Centre Automatique et Systèmes, Mines ParisTech. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Bilophila wadsworthia aggravates high fat diet induced metabolic dysfunctions in mice
Authors: Natividad Jane M. , Lamas Bruno , Pham Hang Phuong , Michel Marie-Laure , Rainteau Dominique , Bridonneau Chantal , da Costa Gregory , van Hylckama Vlieg Johan , Sovran Bruno , Chamignon Celia , Planchais Julien , Richard Mathias L. , Langella Philippe , Veiga Patrick , Sokol Harry
Published: July 2018

Dietary lipids favor the growth of the pathobiont Bilophila wadsworthia, but the relevance of this expansion in metabolic syndrome pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we showed that B. wadsworthia synergizes with high fat diet (HFD) to promote higher inflammation, intestinal barrier dysfunction and bile acid dysmetabolism, leading to higher glucose dysmetabolism and hepatic steatosis. Host-microbiota transcriptomics analysis reveal pathways, particularly butanoate metabolism, which may underlie the metabolic effects mediated by B. wadsworthia. Pharmacological suppression of B. wadsworthia-associated inflammation demonstrate the bacterium’s intrinsic capacity to induce a negative impact on glycemic control and hepatic function. Administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 limits B. wadsworthia-induced immune and metabolic impairment by limiting its expansion, reducing inflammation and reinforcing intestinal barrier. Our results suggest a new avenue for interventions against western diet-driven inflammatory and metabolic diseases.
Crystal structure and substrate binding mode of ectonucleotide phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase-3 (NPP3)
Authors: Döhler Christoph , Zebisch Matthias , Sträter Norbert
Published: July 2018

Ectonucleotide phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase-3 (NPP3) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that regulates extracellular levels of nucleotides. NPP3 is known to contribute to the immune response on basophils by hydrolyzing ATP and to regulate the glycosyltransferase activity in Neuro2a cells. Here, we report on crystal structures of the nuclease and phosphodiesterase domains of rat NPP3 in complex with different substrates, products and substrate analogs giving insight into details of the catalytic mechanism. Complex structures with a phosphate ion, the product AMP and the substrate analog AMPNPP provide a consistent picture of the coordination of the substrate in which one zinc ion activates the threonine nucleophile whereas the other zinc ion binds the phosphate group. Co-crystal structures with the dinucleotide substrates Ap4A and UDPGlcNAc reveal a binding pocket for the larger leaving groups of these substrates. The crystal structures as well as mutational and kinetic analysis demonstrate that the larger leaving groups interact only weakly with the enzyme such that the substrate affinity is dominated by the interactions of the first nucleoside group. For this moiety, the nucleobase is stacked between Y290 and F207 and polar interactions with the protein are only formed via water molecules thus explaining the limited nucleobase selectivity.
Spatiotemporal epidemiology of rabies at an interface between domestic dogs and wildlife in South Africa
Authors: Grover Michael , Bessell Paul R. , Conan Anne , Polak Pim , Sabeta Claude T. , Reininghaus Bjorn , Knobel Darryn L.
Published: July 2018

We characterized the spatiotemporal epidemiology of rabies from January 2009 through March 2014 across the interface between a wildlife reserve and communal livestock farming area in South Africa. Brain tissue from 344 animals of 28 different species were tested for lyssavirus antigen. Of these, 146 (42.4%) samples tested positive, of which 141 (96.6%) came from dogs. Brain samples of dogs were more likely to test positive for lyssavirus antigen if they were found and destroyed in the reserve, compared to samples originating from dogs outside the reserve (65.3% vs. 45.5%; odds ratio (OR) = 2.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27–4.03), despite rabies surveillance outside the reserve being targeted to dogs that have a higher index of suspicion due to clinical or epidemiological evidence of infection. In the reserve, dogs were more likely to test positive for rabies if they were shot further from villages (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.18–1.71) and closer to water points (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.81). Our results provide a basis for refinement of existing surveillance and control programs to mitigate the threat of spillover of rabies to wildlife populations.
Evaluating the potential of residual Pap test fluid as a resource for the metaproteomic analysis of the cervical-vaginal microbiome
Authors: Afiuni-Zadeh Somaieh , Boylan Kristin L. M. , Jagtap Pratik D. , Griffin Timothy J. , Rudney Joel D. , Peterson Marnie L. , Skubitz Amy P. N.
Published: July 2018

The human cervical-vaginal area contains proteins derived from microorganisms that may prevent or predispose women to gynecological conditions. The liquid Pap test fixative is an unexplored resource for analysis of microbial communities and the microbe-host interaction. Previously, we showed that the residual cell-free fixative from discarded Pap tests of healthy women could be used for mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomic identification of cervical-vaginal proteins. In this study, we reprocessed these MS raw data files for metaproteomic analysis to characterize the microbial community composition and function of microbial proteins in the cervical-vaginal region. This was accomplished by developing a customized protein sequence database encompassing microbes likely present in the vagina. High-mass accuracy data were searched against the protein FASTA database using a two-step search method within the Galaxy for proteomics platform. Data was analyzed by MEGAN6 (MetaGenomeAnalyzer) for phylogenetic and functional characterization. We identified over 300 unique peptides from a variety of bacterial phyla and Candida. Peptides corresponding to proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, oxidation-reduction, and transport were identified. By identifying microbial peptides in Pap test supernatants it may be possible to acquire a functional signature of these microbes, as well as detect specific proteins associated with cervical health and disease.
Developmental arrest in Drosophila melanogaster caused by mitochondrial DNA replication defects cannot be rescued by the alternative oxidase
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Paula C. , Camargo André F. , Andjelković Ana , Jacobs Howard T. , Oliveira Marcos T.
Published: July 2018

The xenotopic expression of the alternative oxidase AOX from the tunicate Ciona intestinalis in diverse models of human disease partially alleviates the phenotypic effects of mitochondrial respiratory chain defects. AOX is a non-proton pumping, mitochondrial inner membrane-bound, single-subunit enzyme that can bypass electron transport through the cytochrome segment, providing an additional site for ubiquinone reoxidation and oxygen reduction upon respiratory chain overload. We set out to investigate whether AOX expression in Drosophila could counteract the effects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication defects caused by disturbances in the mtDNA helicase or DNA polymerase γ. We observed that the developmental arrest imposed by either the expression of mutant forms of these enzymes or their knockdown was not rescued by AOX. Considering also the inability of AOX to ameliorate the phenotype of tko25t, a fly mutant with mitochondrial translation deficiency, we infer that this alternative enzyme may not be applicable to cases of mitochondrial gene expression defects. Finding the limitations of AOX applicability will help establish the parameters for the future putative use of this enzyme in gene therapies for human mitochondrial diseases.
Compressing Networks with Super Nodes
Authors: Stanley Natalie , Kwitt Roland , Niethammer Marc , Mucha Peter J.
Published: July 2018

Community detection is a commonly used technique for identifying groups in a network based on similarities in connectivity patterns. To facilitate community detection in large networks, we recast the network as a smaller network of ‘super nodes’, where each super node comprises one or more nodes of the original network. We can then use this super node representation as the input into standard community detection algorithms. To define the seeds, or centers, of our super nodes, we apply the ‘CoreHD’ ranking, a technique applied in network dismantling and decycling problems. We test our approach through the analysis of two common methods for community detection: modularity maximization with the Louvain algorithm and maximum likelihood optimization for fitting a stochastic block model. Our results highlight that applying community detection to the compressed network of super nodes is significantly faster while successfully producing partitions that are more aligned with the local network connectivity and more stable across multiple (stochastic) runs within and between community detection algorithms, yet still overlap well with the results obtained using the full network.
Electrical Transport and Power Dissipation in Aerosol-Jet-Printed Graphene Interconnects
Authors: Pandhi Twinkle , Kreit Eric , Aga Roberto , Fujimoto Kiyo , Sharbati Mohammad Taghi , Khademi Samane , Chang A. Nicole , Xiong Feng , Koehne Jessica , Heckman Emily M. , Estrada David
Published: July 2018

This paper reports the first known investigation of power dissipation and electrical breakdown in aerosol-jet-printed (AJP) graphene interconnects. The electrical performance of aerosol-jet printed (AJP) graphene was characterized using the Transmission Line Method (TLM). The electrical resistance decreased with increasing printing pass number (n); the lowest sheet resistance measured was 1.5 kΩ/sq. for n = 50. The role of thermal resistance (RTH) in power dissipation was studied using a combination of electrical breakdown thermometry and infrared (IR) imaging. A simple lumped thermal model ($${\boldsymbol{\Delta }}{\bf{T}}={\bf{P}}{\boldsymbol{\times }}{{\bf{R}}}_{{\bf{TH}}}$$
Δ
T
=
P
×

R

TH

) and COMSOL Multiphysics was used to extract the total RTH, including interfaces. The RTH of AJP graphene on Kapton is ~27 times greater than that of AJP graphene on Al2O3 with a corresponding breakdown current density 10 times less on Kapton versus Al2O3.
Weighted Betweenness Preferential Attachment: A New Mechanism Explaining Social Network Formation and Evolution
Authors: Topirceanu Alexandru , Udrescu Mihai , Marculescu Radu
Published: July 2018

The dynamics of social networks is a complex process, as there are many factors which contribute to the formation and evolution of social links. While certain real-world properties are captured by the degree-driven preferential attachment model, it still cannot fully explain social network dynamics. Indeed, important properties such as dynamic community formation, link weight evolution, or degree saturation cannot be completely and simultaneously described by state of the art models. In this paper, we explore the distribution of social network parameters and centralities and argue that node degree is not the main attractor of new social links. Consequently, as node betweenness proves to be paramount to attracting new links – as well as strengthening existing links –, we propose the new Weighted Betweenness Preferential Attachment (WBPA) model, which renders quantitatively robust results on realistic network metrics. Moreover, we support our WBPA model with a socio-psychological interpretation, that offers a deeper understanding of the mechanics behind social network dynamics.
Coverage and diagnostic yield of Whole Exome Sequencing for the Evaluation of Cases with Dilated and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mak Timothy Shin Heng , Lee Yee-Ki , Tang Clara S. , Hai JoJo S. H. , Ran Xinru , Sham Pak-Chung , Tse Hung-Fat
Published: July 2018

Targeted next generation sequencing of gene panels has become a popular tool for the genetic diagnosis of hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, it is uncertain whether the use of Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) represents a more effective approach for diagnosis of cases with HCM and DCM. In this study, we performed indirect comparisons of the coverage and diagnostic yield of WES on genes and variants related to HCM and DCM versus 4 different commercial gene panels using 40 HCM and DCM patients, assuming perfect coverage in those panels. We identified 6 pathogenic or likely pathogenic among 14 HCM patients (diagnostic yield 43%). 3 pathogenic or likely pathogenic were found among the 26 DCM patients (diagnostic yield 12%). The coverage was similar to that of four existing commercial gene panels due to the clustering of mutation within MYH7, MYBPC3, TPM1, TNT2, and TTN. Moreover, the coverage of WES appeared inadequate for TNNI3 and PLN. We conclude that most of the pathogenic variants for HCM and DCM can be found within a small number of genes which were covered by all the commercial gene panels, and the application of WES did not increase diagnostic yield.
Rapid oral bacteria detection based on real-time PCR for the forensic identification of saliva
Authors: Jung Ju Yeon , Yoon Hyun Kyu , An Sanghyun , Lee Jee Won , Ahn Eu-Ree , Kim Yeon-Ji , Park Hyun-Chul , Lee Kyungmyung , Hwang Jung Ho , Lim Si-Keun
Published: July 2018

This study developed a new method for forensic saliva identification using three oral bacteria, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Neisseria subflava, combined with a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) system we called OB mRT-PCR. Analytical sensitivity results showed that the target bacteria were amplified at 102–107 copies/reaction, and analytical specificity was assessed using 24 other viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. To evaluate the OB mRT-PCR kit for forensic applications, saliva from 140 Korean individuals was tested, and at least two target bacteria were detected in all the samples. Additional studies on non-saliva samples demonstrated the specificity of the kit. Comparison of the kit with two conventional saliva test methods, the SALIgAE and RSID-Saliva assays, indicated that it was more sensitive and applicable to saliva samples in long-term storage (up to 14 weeks). Additionally, through amplification of mock forensic items and old DNA samples (isolated without lysis of the bacterial cells, regardless of their Gram-positivity), we found that the kit was applicable to not only saliva swabs, but also DNA samples. We suggest that this simple RT-PCR-based experimental method is feasible for rapid on-site analysis, and we expect this kit to be useful for saliva detection in old forensic DNA samples.
Remarkably low flicker noise in solution-processed organic single crystal transistors
Authors: Watanabe Shun , Sugawara Hirotaka , Häusermann Roger , Blülle Balthasar , Yamamura Akifumi , Okamoto Toshihiro , Takeya Jun
Published: July 2018

Low-frequency noise generated by a fluctuation of current is a key issue for integrating electronic elements into a high-density circuit. Investigation of the noise in organic field-effect transistors is now sharing the spotlight with development of printed integrated circuits. The recent improvement of field-effect mobility (up to 15 cm2 V−1 s−1) has allowed for organic integrated circuits with a relatively high-speed operation (~50 kHz). Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the noise feature will be indispensable to further improve the circuit stability and durability. Here we performed noise measurements in solution-processed organic single crystal transistors, and discovered that a low trap density-of-states due to the absence of structural disorder in combination with coherent band-like transport gives rise to an unprecedentedly low flicker noise. The excellent noise property in organic single crystals will allow their potential to be fully exploited for high-speed communication and sensing applications.
Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics – From Metabolite Analysis to Metabolic Profiling
Authors: Ramautar Rawi
Published: July 2018

A key aim of using a metabolomics approach is to obtain (ultimately) an answer to a well-defined biological question. To this end, state-of-the-art analytical separation techniques are currently used for the reliable profiling of (endogenous) metabolites in a wide range of biological samples. Within metabolomics, capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS) has become a very strong analytical tool for the selective profiling of polar and charged metabolites. In CE, compounds are separated according to their charge-to-size ratio and, therefore, the separation mechanism of this approach is fundamentally different from chromatographic-based separation techniques. As such, CE-MS provides complementary information on the metabolic composition of biological samples. In this chapter, the utility of CE and CE-MS for the analysis of (highly) polar and charged metabolites is described from a historical perspective. Attention is devoted to some research works from a few decades ago in which the value of CE for the selective analysis of a few (endogenous) metabolites in human body fluids was demonstrated. Then, seminal research works on the development of CE-MS methods for targeted and non-targeted metabolomics studies are discussed. Finally, the current situation of CE-MS in metabolomics is considered and a view on where this approach may head to is provided.
Stacking or On-line Sample Concentration in CE-MS for Metabolomics
Authors: Wuethrich Alain , Quirino Joselito P.
Published: July 2018

ESI-MS is a powerful/sensitive detector for CE in metabolomics. For trace analysis of certain metabolites, off-line sample preparation will be required prior to CE-ESI-MS. An alternative and complementary sample preparation approach is stacking, which was initially developed for CE with UV detection to improve detection sensitivity. Stacking also offers the possibility of sample clean-up during analyte focusing, providing the opportunity to improve the tedious and long analysis commonly associated with bioanalysis. This chapter introduces the different stacking techniques developed in CE-UV, and their evolution into CE-ESI-MS with special emphasis on applications for metabolomics. The nature of metabolites (typically charged small molecules) makes it easy to apply the different stacking techniques currently available in the literature. However, it seems like stacking in CE-ESI-MS for metabolomics is still in its development/testing stage, and hopefully younger scientists will pursue research in this relevant area of study.
Single-cell Metabolomics with Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Onjiko Rosemary M. , Portero Erika P. , Nemes P.
Published: July 2018

Metabolic characterization of single cells serves as a powerful measure of the molecular activity state of cells, but is dependent on the availability of specialized analytical technologies. Capillary electrophoresis (CE)–mass spectrometry (MS) is one such technology that integrates sensitivity, label-free detection, and capability for quantification. This chapter discusses key steps of a successful single-cell study using CE–MS. Discussions are dedicated to the identification of cells, collection of sample materials, metabolite extraction, separation by CE, ionization by an electrospray or alternative ion source, and detection by MS. Where applicable, suggestions are provided to aid the robustness and confidence of single-cell measurements. Finally, representative successes are highlighted from contemporary studies on single cells using CE-MS.
Slow magnetic relaxation in octahedral low-spin Ni(iii) complexes
Authors: Bhowmick Indrani , Roehl Andrew J. , Neilson James R. , Rappé Anthony K. , Shores Matthew P.
Published: July 2018

Low-spin (S = 1/2) Ni(iii) cyclam complex salts can show SMM-type properties depending on the axial ligand donor atom identity.
Dual function hollow structured mesoporous Prussian blue mesocrystals for glucose biosensors
Authors: Zeng Ke , Yang Minghui , Liu You-Nian , Rasooly Avraham
Published: July 2018

Dual function hollow structured mesoporous Prussian blue mesocrystals (HMPB) serve both as a scaffold carrier matrix to load the enzyme glucose oxidase and as a redox mediator of H2O2, the by-product of glucose oxidase catalyzed glucose reaction. The red and blue symbols represent glucose oxidase and HMPB, respectively.
The protective role ofOcimum basilicumL. (Basil) against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in mice: Impact on oxidative stress, inflammation, motor deficits and anxiety-like behavior
Authors: Abd El-Ghffar Eman Ali , Al-Sayed Eman , Shehata Safia Mohamed , Eldahshan Omayma A. , Efferth Thomas
Published: July 2018

The gastroprotective effect ofOcimum basilicumL. (Basil) hexane extract (OBHE) in aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in mice and its ameliorative effect on behavioral alterations were determined.
Thermoplasmonic enhancement of upconversion in small-size doped NaGd(Y)F4 nanoparticles coupled to gold nanostars
Authors: Martínez Eduardo D. , Urbano Ricardo R. , Rettori Carlos
Published: July 2018

Feeling the plasmonic heat: the photothermal effect in gold nanostars enhances the emission intensity of small-size upconverting nanocrystals.
Considerably enhanced exciton emission of CsPbCl3 perovskite quantum dots by the introduction of potassium and lanthanide ions
Authors: Liu Yanan , Pan Gencai , Wang Rong , Shao He , Wang He , Xu Wen , Cui Haining , Song Hongwei
Published: July 2018

The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of blue-violet emission for CsPbCl3 quantum dots (QDs) is still low, which has limited its application in multi-colour displays.
High-performance broadband heterojunction photodetectors based on multilayered PtSe2 directly grown on a Si substrate
Authors: Xie Chao , Zeng Longhui , Zhang Zhixiang , Tsang Yuen-Hong , Luo Linbao , Lee Jung-Ho
Published: July 2018

The broadband heterojunction photodetectors, exhibiting superior photoresponse performances ranged from deep ultraviolet to near-infrared, were made by growing a multilayered PtSe2 film directly onto Si.
1,4-Refunctionalization of β-diketones to γ-keto nitriles via C–C single bond cleavage
Authors: Wu Qi , Li Yabo , Wang Chenyang , Zhang Jianye , Huang Mengmeng , Kim Jung Keun , Wu Yangjie
Published: July 2018

The 1,4-refunctionalization of β-diketones to γ-keto nitriles was realized via an Fe-catalyzed cascade radical process.
Copper-catalyzed oxidative functionalization of benzylic C–H bonds with quinazoline 3-oxides
Authors: Fan Liwen , Zhang Zhenming , Wang Tao , Liang Qingjin , Zhao Junfeng
Published: July 2018

A highly efficient copper-catalyzed oxidative functionalization of benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds with quinazoline 3-oxides has been developed.
A non-invasive approach to explore the discriminatory potential of the urinary volatilome of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Taunk Khushman , Taware Ravindra , More Tushar H. , Porto-Figueira Priscilla , Pereira Jorge A. M. , Mohapatra Rajkishore , Soneji Dharmesh , Câmara José S. , Nagarajaram H. A. , Rapole Srikanth
Published: July 2018

A non-invasive urinary volatilomics approach for exploring the IDC type breast cancer.
Evaluation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation potential in ANAMMOX effluents
Authors: Wang Sike , Fu Jing , Yang Hongwei , Zhang Bowen , Shi Xuchuan , Zuo Jiane
Published: July 2018

Typical DBPs was detected in chlorinated anammox effluents.
Relativistic torques induced by currents in magnetic materials: physics and experiments
Authors: Kaviraj Bhaskar , Sinha Jaivardhan
Published: July 2018

The article focuses on the physics that explains the phenomenon of torques induced by currents in systems comprising ferromagnetic–non-magnetic materials with particular emphasis on experiments that concern the observation of such torques.
Bio-sourced phosphoprotein-based synthesis of silver-doped macroporous zinc phosphates and their antibacterial properties
Authors: Hinostroza Ramos Jessica Viviana , Anselme Karine , Simon-Masseron Angélique , Ploux Lydie
Published: July 2018

Phosphoproteins as key reactants in an original method of synthesis of silver-doped macroporous zinc phosphates with antibacterial properties.
Sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion in water and its application to photochemical transformations
Authors: Kerzig Christoph , Wenger Oliver S.
Published: July 2018

The first systems for efficient upconversion-based technologies in water have been developed and pave the way for novel green photochemistry.
Tetrazine-mediated bioorthogonal prodrug–prodrug activation
Authors: Neumann Kevin , Gambardella Alessia , Lilienkampf Annamaria , Bradley Mark
Published: July 2018

Prodrug–prodrug activation describes the simultaneous, traceless and bioorthogonal activation of two drugs.
Visualization of diffusion limited antimicrobial peptide attack on supported lipid membranes
Authors: Heath George R. , Harrison Patrick L. , Strong Peter N. , Evans Stephen D. , Miller Keith
Published: July 2018

Using fast-scanning AFM to capture an antimicrobial peptide attack on planar lipid bilayers allows us to watch membrane disruption in real time. We observed the rapid removal of membrane in a 2D diffusion limited aggregation process giving new insight into antimicrobial peptide mechanisms of action.
Structure-designed synthesis of yolk–shell hollow ZnFe2O4/C@N-doped carbon sub-microspheres as a competitive anode for high-performance Li-ion batteries
Authors: Hou Linrui , Bao Ruiqi , Zhang Yanru , Sun Xuan , Zhang Jinyang , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang , Yuan Changzhou
Published: July 2018

Hierarchical H-ZFO–C@void@C sub-microspheres were purposefully designed, and exhibited excellent Li-storage behaviors as a competitive anode towards advanced Li-ion batteries.
Hierarchical nickel nanowire@NiCo2S4 nanowhisker composite arrays with a test-tube-brush-like structure for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Liao Jie , Zou Peichao , Su Songyang , Nairan Adeela , Wang Yang , Wu Dang , Wong Ching-Ping , Kang Feiyu , Yang Cheng
Published: July 2018

An asymmetric supercapacitor consisting of a NiCo2S4 nanowhisker-array electrode and activated carbon shows state-of-the-art energy storage performance for NiCo2S4-based cathode materials at the device level.
Low-valence bicomponent (FeO)x(MnO)1−x nanocrystals embedded in amorphous carbon as high-performance anode materials for lithium storage
Authors: Diao Guiqiang , Balogun Muhammad-Sadeeq , Tong Si-Yao , Guo Xianzi , Huang Xue , Mao Yanchao , Tong Yexiang
Published: July 2018

Nearly uniform monodisperse bicomponent iron manganese oxide, (FeO)x(MnO)1−x nanocrystals encapsulated in amorphous carbon was used as a high-performance anode material for lithium ion batteries.
Stability of a biodegradable microcarrier surface: physically adsorbed versus chemically linked shells
Authors: Roy Audrey , Murcia Valderrama Maria Alejandra , Daujat Valentin , Ferji Khalid , Léonard Michèle , Durand Alain , Babin Jérôme , Six Jean-Luc
Published: July 2018

Microcarriers' shell stability was studied with competitive surfactants or with proteins contained in the MSCs culture medium.