bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anemia in Pregnancy: Mentzer Index as a Predictor for Iron Supplementation Needs
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Obeagu Getrude Uzoma
Published: December 2024

Anemia during pregnancy is a significant public health concern that affects a substantial proportion of women globally, with iron deficiency anemia being the most prevalent form. Effective early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants. The Mentzer Index, a simple calculation derived from the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red blood cell (RBC) count, serves as a useful tool to differentiate between iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia, thereby guiding appropriate treatment strategies. By categorizing the type of anemia, healthcare providers can more accurately assess the need for iron supplementation, which is essential for managing iron deficiency anemia but may not be beneficial in cases of thalassemia. The Mentzer Index has gained recognition for its ease of use, especially in resource-limited settings where access to advanced laboratory diagnostics may be restricted. With a straightforward calculation, it allows for rapid screening of pregnant women presenting with anemia symptoms. This index not only aids in timely diagnosis but also supports targeted interventions, ensuring that iron supplementation is administered only to those who truly need it. This targeted approach minimizes the risk of complications associated with unnecessary iron supplementation in individuals with thalassemia or other forms of anemia, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnostic tools in maternal health care.
Keywords: Anemia, Pregnancy, Mentzer Index, Iron Supplementation, Iron Deficiency, Thalassemia, Hematological Indices, Maternal Health
Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Perampanel Oral Dispersible Tablets Utilizing Screening of Additives
Authors: Mandal Kalidas , Jat Rakesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

The mouth dissolving tablets are prepared and formulated utilizing different additives like plasticizers, polymers and other bulk forming agents. There are many different batches are manufactured and tested for their evaluation parameters like disintegration test, dissolution test, content uniformity test and weight variation tests. The many bateches are tested and one of the optimized batch is selected for pharmacological action and marketing purpose. The analytical method was developed as according to calibration curve.
Oral dispersible tablets of perampenal have been prepared and formulated utilizing xanthen gum and super disintigrant sodium crosscarmilose and sodium starach glycolate with crospovidone with multi-stationary punching machine. The phosphate buffer is also utilized for mainting buffer pH of the intestine. The natural polymers are preffered as compared to synthetic polymers. The different batches of tablets have been prepared and evaluated with official dissolution time, disintegration time, weight variation and content of uniformity tests and unofficial firability testing with Roche friabilator and hardness or tensile strength of the the prepared tablets with Pfizer hardeness tester.
Keywords: Perampanel, xanthen gum, crosscarmilose, crosspovidone, sodium starch glycolate, mouth dissolving tablets
Unveiling Siman-i-Mufrit (Obesity): Unani Perspective and Role of Hammam-i-Bukhari in its management
Authors: Wani Irshad Ahmed , Husain Bushra , Nayab Mohd , Begum Mehmooda
Published: December 2024

Obesity is a major health concern globally & is the most common nutritional disorder defined as an excessive buildup of adipose tissue in the body. Unani medicine provides a unique perspective on obesity, defining it as ‘Siman-i-mufrit’ which is increased Ratubat & Barudat, causing imbalance and building up of morbid stuff such as Madda-i-balghamiya (Shehmi madda) & Akhlat in body and offering treatment based on Sue Mizaj Barid Ratab. One of the most well-known tadabeer that has been detailed for treating siman-i-mufrat in the Unani System of Medicine is Hammam-i-Bukhari, a form of Hammam. In order to burn off excess calories stored in the body and get rid of Madda-i-Balghamiya causing Sue Mizaj Barid, Kasrat-i-Istifragh by Hammam-e-Bukhari has been recommended.
Keywords: Siman-i-Mufrit, Obesity, Sue Mizaj Barid, Unani Medicine, Ilaj bit Tadbeer, Hammam-i-Bukhari
Unraveling Nipah Virus: Key Insights on Spread, Symptoms, Management
Authors: Kaundal Amit Kumar , Kumar Inder , Pathania Kavita , Sakshi Dr , Aayush Dr , Mehta Sagar , Sharma Ankit
Published: December 2024

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a newly identified zoonosis that poses a major risk to both humans and animals is the Nipah Virus (NiV). The infectious agent known as NiV is responsible for devastating illnesses in both people and animals. It was initially found in the Pteropus genus fruit bats and the Pteropodidae family. The most frequently identified route for transmitting NiV is ingesting fresh date palm sap, among other possible mechanisms. Another potential route for NiV to spread from bats to humans through domestic animals. The NiV mostly affects respiratory and neurological tissues, resulting in neurological symptoms and respiratory difficulties in those who are off. The immune system's ability to fight the virus is crucial, and this includes interferon-mediated pathways and innate immunological responses. NiV is regarded as a BSL-4 disease since there is no known cure or vaccine to prevent it only personal care including symptomatic treatment, hydration management, and breathing help, remains the mainstay of care. Three pharmaceutical options for the possible treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of NiV infection have been studied: ribavirin, favipiravir, and m102.4 monoclonal antibody. This review will give an overview of the virus, explain the circumstances behind its emergence, and speculate on when it might spread to other parts of the world.
Keywords: NiV- Nipah Virus; World Health Organization; pathogenesis, vaccines
Efficacy of Wet Cupping in the Management of Sciatica: A Case Report
Authors: Tariq Anam , Khizar Niyazi Abdullah , Nayab Mohd , Ansari Abdul Nasir
Published: December 2024

Sciatica, a prevalent and debilitating condition, is characterized by radiating pain along the sciatic nerve, often resulting from lumbar disc herniation, spinal stenosis, or degenerative disc disease. In Unani medicine, the condition is referred to as Irq-un-Nasa, considered a subtype of Waja-ul-Mafasil (joint pain). Unani texts attribute the cause of Irq-un-Nasa to the accumulation of morbid humors (khilt) like Khilt-e-Balgham or Khilt-e-Dam, causing inflammation and obstruction in the affected nerves and joints.This study evaluates the effectiveness of Hijama (wet cupping therapy) in treating sciatica through two case reports. Case 1 involves a 38-year-old female with L5-S1 disc herniation and left-sided sciatica, while Case 2 concerns a 42-year-old male with right-sided sciatica due to lumbar spondylosis. Both patients underwent four sessions of Hijama over 28 days. Results were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain assessment. These findings indicate that Hijama effectively alleviated sciatica pain in both cases. The therapeutic effect of Hijama is believed to involve neural, haematological, and immune mechanisms, promoting pain relief, blood circulation, and immune modulation. The results suggest Hijama as an effective, low-cost alternative for managing sciatica.
Keywords: Irq-un-Nasa, lumbar disc herniation, Low Back Pain, Unani medicine, Hijama, wet cupping therapy.
Placental Adrenomedullin and Soluble Endoglin Expression in Preeclamptic Placentas
Authors: Ünal Beyza Karadede , Akkuş Murat , Türe Zeynep , Acar Gül Ebru Aydeniz , Ölmez Mehmet , Yıldırım Esma , Aşır Fırat , Ağaçayak Elif , Yıldızhan Eda
Published: December 2024

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the placental expression levels of two recently discovered proteins, adrenomedullin (ADM) and soluble endoglin (sEng), in preeclamptic pregnancies.
Materials and Methods: Placental tissue sections were obtained from 20 preeclamptic and 20 normotensive patients and processed for paraffin embedding. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunostaining methods were applied to the sections, which were then examined under a light microscope and photographed.
Results: In the preeclamptic group, more intense pathological changes were observed in placental tissues compared to the control group, including an increase in Hofbauer cells, degeneration, congestion, and hemorrhage in villous capillaries. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed sEng and ADM expression in both groups, with a concentration of these proteins in cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells. sEng expression was 34.83% in the control group and 49.22% in the preeclamptic group, showing a significant increase (p=0.000). ADM expression was 51.72% in the control group and 22.08% in the preeclamptic group, with a significant decrease observed (p=0.000).
Conclusion: We suggest that trophoblast cells play an indirect functional role in the development of preeclampsia or in response to the homeostatic disturbances it causes. We believe that further research is needed to obtain new findings that could support this hypothesis.
Keywords: Placenta, Umbilical cord, Adrenomedullin, Soluble Endoglin
Investigation of the therapeutic effect of in vitro Ceratonia siliqua application on DNA damage caused by human sperm cryopreservation
Authors: Akıncı Dilara , Akkuş Murat , Türe Zeynep , Acar Gül Ebru Aydeniz , Ölmez Mehmet , Yıldırım Esma , Yıldızhan Eda , Akıncı Mehmet Emin
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ceratonia siliqua L (carob) plant added to the culture medium to reduce the negative effect on sperm parameters as a result of cryodamage occurring in sperm during human sperm cryopreservation.
Materials and methods: Semen samples obtained with consent from 50 infertile men aged 25-40 years were subjected to spermiogram test. Spermatozoa were divided into normospermia and asthenospermia. Semen was washed with gradient method to separate spermatozoa according to motility and vitality with the least risk of cotamination. The groups were divided into 6 groups. normospermic group with gradient method, normozoospermic group with gradient method and freeze-thawed, normozoospermic group with gradient method and freeze-thawed and Ceratonia siliqua L., normozoospermic group with only gradient method, asthenozoospermic group with gradient method, asthenozoospermic group with gradient method and freeze-thawed, asthenozoospermic group with gradient method and freeze-thawed and added Ceratonia siliqua L. Semen samples were frozen at -196 °C with liquid nitrogen and stored in a nitrogen tank. Then the samples were thawed at 37 °C and vitality test was performed with eosin Y stain in all groups.
Results:  In order to investigate the effect of freeze-thawing on sperm parameters, only semen samples washed by gradient method were compared with the frozen and thawed group without the addition of Ceratonia siliqua L. Cryopreservation had a significant (p˂0.05) negative effect on all sperm parameters. In the investigation of the effect of Ceratonia siliqua L. on cryodamage, sperm vitality parameter was compared in the groups in which Ceratonia siliqua L. was added to the incubation medium in vitro.   Ceratonia siliqua L. concentration was adjusted as 0.01%.  A positive difference was observed between the groups to which Ceratonia siliqua L. was added compared to the groups to which Ceratonia siliqua L. was not added.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the negative effects of sperm freezing on sperm vitality are clearly demonstrated. Considering the positive differences in the groups in which Ceratonia siliqua L. was added in vitro, we think that Ceratonia siliqua L. will contribute to male infertility.
Pharmaceutical Resilience
Authors: Bhosale Kiran , Baradkar Omkar , Lakade Sandip
Published: December 2024

Supply chain resilience involves creating diverse and redundant sources for raw materials, optimizing logistics, and employing advanced forecasting techniques to anticipate and mitigate potential shortages. Manufacturing resilience focuses on adopting scalable and adaptable production technologies, enhancing quality control measures, and establishing contingency plans for production disruptions. Regulatory resilience entails the capacity to navigate and comply with evolving regulatory landscapes swiftly, fostering collaborations with regulatory agencies to expedite approval processes during emergencies. Innovation and research resilience are crucial for sustaining drug development and responding to emerging health threats. This involves investing in cutting-edge technologies, fostering partnerships for collaborative research, and maintaining a pipeline of new therapies and treatments. Pharmaceutical resilience also requires effective communication and coordination among stakeholders, including pharmaceutical companies, healthcare providers, governments, and international organizations. By enhancing these components, the pharmaceutical sector can better withstand and recover from disruptions, ensuring continuous access to essential medications and safeguarding public health. This abstract emphasizes the multifaceted approach needed to build and sustain resilience within the pharmaceutical industry, ensuring its capacity to meet both current and future challenges effectively.
Keywords: Supply Chain Management, Regulatory Framework, Research and Development (R&D), Manufacturing Capabilities, Healthcare System Integration, Innovation
Development Pharmaceutics of Doxepin Hydrochloride Orally Disintegrating Tablets for Dosing Flexibility to Physicians and Patient Compliance
Authors: Manohari Packiaraj Jeyachandran , Seethalakshmi Aswin Iyappan , George Samuel , Kunchithapatham Janakiraman , Ezhumalai Samuel , Ramesh Asaithambi , Seelamantula Srihariteja , Rao Guhan Himadeep Chowdary Eswara , Munirathnam Induprasad , Reddy Narendra Reddy Parvatha Janarthana , Uthayasuriyan Jegatheesh , Venkatachalam Kamalakkannan , Kumar Madhavan , Seshadri Venkateswaran Chidambaram , Sekar Rohith
Published: December 2024

An attempt was made to formulate, evaluate and commercialize Doxepin Hydrochloride orally disintegrating tablets 3 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg. A direct blending and compression process by scale-up and scale-down approach / dose-proportional approach was followed to make the product. The excipients include 55% of Pearlitol Flash (Co-processed excipient of 80% D-Mannitol & 20% Maize Starch), 18% of Ludipress (Co-processed excipient of 93% Lactose Monohydrate, 3.5% Povidone K30 & 3.5% Polyplasdone XL), 0.2% of Peppermint Flavor 501500 TP0504, 0.4% of Sucralose and 1.4% of Magnesium Stearate. The composition and process was optimized as per IIG1 and SUPAC IR guidance document2. The final product exhibited rapid disintegration time complying with CDER’s guidance on orally disintegrating tablets3. The organoleptics of the final product was found acceptably flavored, exhibited smooth mouth feel and tasted pleasantly. Doxepin Hydrochloride is a BCS Class I drug (High Soluble and High Permeable) and accordingly the formulated ODT exhibited rapid disintegration and dissolution profile and hence qualifies for Bio-waiver4,5 The manufactured product was packed in both multi-dose bottle pack and special child lock enabled push-through provisioned unit dose amber colored PVC – ACLAR blister pack. The packed product was found to be stable for 6 months in ICH recommended accelerated stability storage condition at 40°C / 75%RH, hence qualifies for 2 years shelf life period at room temperature condition. The designed product was successfully commercialized under brand name InnAR-PZTM and found to be a cost-effective and differentiated alternative to tablet, capsule & oral liquid concentrate available in the market.
Keywords: Doxepin, co-processed excipients, direct blending, compression, orally disintegrating tablet
Introduction about Global infectious disease and use of nanotechnology
Authors: Gawai Ankita Y. , Bakal Ravindra L. , Hatwar Pooja Ramdas , Nehar Krushnali N. , Bhujade Pranali R.
Published: December 2024

Infectious diseases, including COVID-19, malaria, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), pose significant threats to global health. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these diseases. This review highlights the applications of nanotechnology in combating infectious diseases. Nanoparticles, such as metallic nanoparticles, liposomes, and quantum dots, have been employed in the detection and treatment of infectious diseases. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have improved the efficacy and reduced the toxicity of antiviral and antibacterial drugs. Additionally, nanotechnology has enabled the development of point-of-care diagnostics and vaccines for infectious diseases. This review provides an overview of the current state of nanotechnology in infectious disease management and highlights its potential to revolutionize the field. By leveraging the unique properties of nanoparticles, nanotechnology can provide innovative solutions for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases, ultimately improving global health outcomes.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Infectious diseases, COVID-19, Malaria, Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS
Exploring the Psycological Effects of Formoterol Fumarate and Budesonide Inhaler: A Case Study on Induced Depression
Authors: Subashini R , Priyadharshini R , Aishwarya S , Hema V
Published: December 2024

A patient with a longstanding history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presented with significant weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, and sleep disturbance persisting for 15 days, alongside a rapid weight loss of 15 kg in 10 days. Initial evaluations revealed bilateral pleural effusion, complicating her clinical picture. Despite no prior psychiatric history, a psychiatric evaluation indicated severe sleep disturbances, reduced food intake, and pronounced fatigue, leading to a diagnosis of depression. The patient's regular treatment included an inhaler containing formoterol fumarate and budesonide for 35 years. Notably, the inhaler’s long-term use may have contributed to her depressive symptoms. Emergency treatment involved intravenous administration of normal saline with multivitamins, pantoprazole to manage potential gastrointestinal complications, and a multivitamin and multimineral syrup. Psychiatric management included sertraline, an SSRI, to ameliorate depressive symptoms and zolpidem for sleep disturbances. This multidisciplinary approach resulted in significant improvement. Upon discharge, the patient was stable and prescribed a regimen including sertraline, pantoprazole, mirtazapine, zolpidem, and multivitamins to support her long-term recovery and well-being. The case underscores the potential for inhaler-induced depression in patients with COPD and the importance of a comprehensive treatment plan.
Keywords: Depression, Adverse event of inhaled drugs, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Weight loss
Evaluating the estrogenic activity and toxicity of Tectona grandis leaf extract on the reproductive and endocrine system of female wistar rats
Authors: Ngwewondo Adela , Ebouel Ferdinand Lanvin Edoun , Kowa Théodora Kopa , Yamthe Lauve Rachel Tchokouaha , Tamdem Stephanie Guetchueng , Deutou Armelle Tchamgoue , Tarkang Protus Arrey , Lenta Bruno , Agbor Gabriel
Published: December 2024

Female reproductive complications continue to be a major health challenge worldwide. Medicinal plants richer in secondary metabolites such as phytoestrogens have been used over decades for the treatment of reproductive health problems like infertility, with limited knowledge on their toxicities. The present study was designed to evaluate the estrogenic potential and safety of Tectona grandis leaves extract on female wistar rats.
Following acclimatization and pre-evaluation of the estrous cycle, female wistar rats, 6 weeks old were placed in groups of 3 animals each and T. grandis extracts administered daily in graded doses of 500, 1000, 2000mg/Kg body weight against controls for 28 days (Sub-acute toxicity). A dose dependent increase in 17-Beta estradiol was observed in the serum and ovary homogenates versus an increase in cholesterol when compared to the control groups. Results from the three animals per group showed an increase in the weights of the animals and a non-significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), white blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit at the dose of 2000 mg/kg. Also, there was no significant difference in the organ weights and histopathological examinations of necropsied animals showed no abnormalities in the various organs. T. grandis leave extract contains phytochemicals such as lignans that can be converted by microflora to phytoestrogens, which can compete with endogenous estrogen for the estrogen receptor potentiating similar activities like estrogens. This indicates that T. grandis could be explored as hormonal replacement therapies in infertility, menopausal and/or breast cancer related problems.
Keywords: 17-β-estradiol, Tectona grandis, lignans, phytoestrogens, toxicity, hormonal replacement therapy
The Invisible Threat: Microplastics in Human Blood and Placenta
Authors: Mishra Anjali , Modak Sudipta , Bhattacharjee Shubhrojit , Vishwanaath Rupam , Mohan Anand , Kumar Bipin
Published: December 2024

Today, microplastics are probably the most abundant and cardinal pollutant in soil and marine life. These particles are small and have a greater risk of endangering the ecosystem and human health. The use of plastic has become so abundant that it has spread over a wide area of ​​the sea and has now migrated and reached the human plate as well.
Aim: To study the inconspicuous invasion of microplastics from ocean to human placenta and breasts milk.
Objective: Detailed excavation of the literature available in this topic was done from various search engines, like google scholar, PubMed, Science direct. This study is an attempt to describe the reflection of different toxicological forms of microplastics in biotic and abiotic forms which may hamper the coming generations in the long run. Therefore, there is an urgent need to assess toxicity and biohazards to save our homes i.e. our "motherland".
Conclusion: The increasing environmental catastrophe with possible public health repercussions is highlighted by the discovery of microplastics in human breast milk and placenta, underscoring the urgent need for coordinated global efforts to minimise plastic pollution.
Keywords: Microplastics, human placenta, pollutants, ecosystem, biohazards
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CONSUMERS OF E-2B BANDA ACEH REFILL DRINKING WATER DEPOT IN TERMS OF INDONESIAN POSITIVE LAW AND ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Muhammad Arief  , Agustin Hanapi  , Riadhus Sholihin
Published: December 2024

Article 1 of Law No. 8 of 1999 which regulates "Consumer protection law", in Article 1 states "Consumer protection as all efforts that ensure legal certainty to provide protection to consumers". The researcher applies empirical law in this study, which is legal research that examines the adoption or application of normative legal provisions in each unique legal event in society. Various data sources were used, including secondary data from a literature review as well as primary data from interviews with business owners. The research findings show that the E-2B Banda Aceh refillable drinking water depot business has taken steps to protect consumers by obtaining SLHS in accordance with Permenkes No. 492 of 2010. With the SLHS, the business has met good sanitation and hygiene standards in processing and distributing drinking water that is free from bacteria as required by the Ministry of Health based on Permenkes No. 492 of 2010. The principles of fairness, integrity, and accountability are the basis of consumer protection in Islamic law.
DETERMINATION OF WATER TARIFFS PDAM TIRTA PEUSADA EAST ACEH, INDONESIA
Authors: Canden Chairani Isrumuharram  , Nahara Eriyanti
Published: December 2024

The determination of water tariffs by Perumda Tirta Peusada in East Aceh District has led to community dissatisfaction due to tariffs that are considered unfair and do not reflect the quality of service received, as well as unclear water distribution. This issue potentially contains elements of gharar (uncertainty) in the water sale and purchase transaction, which is contrary to the principles of Islamic law. This research uses descriptive analysis method with a case study approach and qualitative research, by collecting data through interviews and literature study to analyse the implications of water tariff setting at Perumda Tirta Peusada in the context of sharia economic law. The determination of water tariffs by Perumda Tirta Peusada in East Aceh Regency contains elements of gharar in the context of sharia economics, because the tariff charged is not in accordance with the volume of water consumed by customers. Customers are still charged for 10 cubic metres even though their water usage is less than that amount, creating uncertainty in the transaction. In addition, frequent water distribution disruptions and supply instability further exacerbate this problem, as customers pay for services they do not receive as expected. This practice goes against the principles of transparency, fairness, and clarity advocated in Islamic law. Therefore, Perumda Tirta Peusada needs to improve its tariff policy and the quality of water distribution to ensure that water transactions are more fair, transparent, and in accordance with sharia principles.
O que retorna com o épico?
Authors: De Oliveira Lucas Laurentino
Published: December 2024

Livro resenhado:SILVEIRA, Jorge Fernandes da. O retorno do épico e outras voltas. Rio de Janeiro: Oficina Raquel, 2023.
Resenha de O tamanho do mundo, de António Lobo Antunes
Authors: Rodrigues Ferreira Paulo
Published: December 2024

Livro resenhado:ANTUNES, António Lobo. O Tamanho do Mundo. Alfragide: D. Quixote, 2022.
Vencendo a morte com humor e riso
Authors: Duarte Lelia Parreira
Published: December 2024

Observo neste texto que a ironia retórica, em sua intenção de criticar ou reforçar ideologias — com a contraposição de opostos ou por dizer algo sem realmente dizê-lo — evolui posteriormente para o que Jankélévitch chama de ironia humoresque ou de segundo grau, a partir da consciência de que o absoluto se realiza e ao mesmo tempo se destrói, num momento fugidio, em equilíbrio entre a comédia e a tragédia. Ao assumir o estatuto de código evanescente da linguagem e mostrar a impossibilidade de atingir a pretendida “verdade”, essa ironia muitas vezes provoca o riso, o qual se relaciona com o que é mais característico do ser humano. Ou seja: com a tragicidade da vida, inevitavelmente terminada na (im)previsível morte. Liga-se também com a capacidade de distanciamento: o prazer de pensar, o gosto do engano e a possibilidade de subverter provisoriamente, através do jogo, a condenação à morte e a tudo aquilo que ela representa. Com base nessas reflexões e em outras de vários estudiosos do humor e do riso (como Freud, Schopenhauer, Bergson, Hobbes, Baudelaire, Bataille, Lacan, Jacques Alain-Miller e Abrão Slavutzky), analiso textos de ficção dos portugueses Lídia Jorge, Augusto Abelaira, valter hugo mãe e António Lobo Antunes, e dos angolanos João Melo e Manuel Rui. Concluo, com Maurice Blanchot, que o riso se relaciona com o desejo maior do ser humano — o de morrer contente, tendo em vista o descontentamento da vida.
Bathos e humor no “Auto da Lusitânia”, de Gil Vicente
Authors: Sodré Paulo Roberto
Published: December 2024

Diversas leituras têm sido realizadas a respeito do “Auto da Lusitânia”, de Gil Vicente, ficando pouco explorada a linguagem humorística da peça compósita de 1532. Neste estudo, pretende-se observar como o bathos, a súbita mudança do registro sublime para o baixo, e explorado humoristicamente pelo dramaturgo. Baseiam a discussão as reflexões de Orlando Amorim (2013), Jose Augusto Cardoso Bernardes (2019) e Noémio Ramos (2022), sobre aquele auto, e as de Luiz Carlos Travaglia (2015) e Terry Eagleton (2020), acerca do humor batético. Nota-se que tanto a justaposição de personagens e gêneros dramáticos como seus discursos próprios, oscilando entre o registro alto e o baixo, garantem o efeito humorístico desse texto teatral.
Entre o poético, a infância e a (nova) utopia: o riso
Authors: Silva Heringer Elisangela
Published: December 2024

Este artigo propõe analisar a presença do riso e de seus mecanismos, tais como o jogo irônico, a comicidade e o humor, cultivados sobretudo por personagens marginais, dos quais se destacam as crianças, na obra Avóde- zanove e o segredo do soviético (2009), de Ondjaki. Através da observância dessa recorrência temática, na obra, objetiva-se perceber como o riso confi- gura-se como um elemento de desnudamento de questões problemáticas no ambiente distópico do pós-independência do mesmo modo que se constitui como instrumento para a manutenção da utopia e do sonho. O percurso analítico percorre bases teóricas sobre o risível e seus mecanismos, a partir das teorias de Verena Alberti, Wladimir Propp e Henri Bergson associados a outros pesquisadores do tema, e como elas se associam com a ideia de leveza, defendida por Ítalo Calvino, e com o otimismo que é observada na produção literária do autor angolano.
A opereta cômica portuguesa de finais do século XIX
Authors: Barbieri Claudia
Published: December 2024

Em 1868, as operetas burlescas do compositor alemão, naturalizado francês, Jacques Offenbach (1819-1880), ganharam traduções para o português e tiveram montagens exitosas nos teatros de Lisboa, espalhando-se os sucessos pelo país. O apreço do público, por tais espetáculos, irá garantir longa vida às operetas no território português, sobretudo nas últimas três décadas do século XIX. Apesar do repertório ser constituído, inicialmente, por títulos franceses, logo, autores e compositores portugueses trabalharam para o desenvolvimento da opereta cômica nacional e algumas parcerias felizes foram constituídas. Entre os autores, destacamos os nomes de Gervásio Lobato (1850-1895) e de D. João da Câmara (1852-1908), que possuíam à época larga produção teatral. As partituras musicais foram criadas pelo maestro e músico Ciríaco de Cardoso (1846-1900). Este artigo tem por objetivo principal recuperar parte da recepção crítica de algumas operetas cômicas portuguesas, criadas por estes três autores, como O burro do Senhor Alcaide (1891), O solar dos Barrigas (1892) e O testamento da velha (1894), que despertaram o riso e cativaram o público, não apenas em Portugal, mas, também, no Brasil.
Viagem ao país dos nefelibatas: o riso neorrealista de Joaquim Namorado
Authors: De Paula Neto Oscar José
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho discorre sobre o papel do humor e do riso na escrita do poeta Joaquim Namorado, uma das figuras tutelares do neorrealismo português. Para tanto, analisamos os poemas de Viagem ao país dos nefelibatas, livro escrito no final da década de 1930, planejado inicialmente como obra au- tônoma, mas publicado como parte da coletânea Incomodidade (1945). O conjunto poético, através da ironia, da paródia e do sarcasmo, reúne textos no qual a leitura crítica da tradição literária, da história e da cultura portuguesa traz corrosivos questionamentos ao regime salazarista e a outras formas de dominação, além de se apresentar enquanto uma forma de resistência e de luta, não fugindo aos pressupostos do movimento neorrealista. Assim, ao considerar a radicalidade temática e estilística proposta pelo autor no auge da consolidação do neorrealismo em Portugal, visamos refletir como tal poesia, mediante as estratégias abertas pela comicidade e pelo risível, intenta inquirir o real e combater as adversidades do seu tempo histórico.
Resenha de Annona ou misto curioso
Authors: Monteleone Joana
Published: December 2024

Resenha de Annona ou misto curioso. Folheto semanal que ensina o método de cozinha e copa com um artigo de recreação. 1836-1837.
“A mão deformada”: o riso subversivo de Patrícia Lino
Authors: Sales Paulo Alberto da Silva
Published: December 2024

Reflexão sobre a poesia de Patrícia Lino a partir da dicção risível e paródica que promove outras possibilidades de criação poética por meio de práticas de apropriação e de fricção de códigos. Presença da comicidade como es- tratégia ridicularizadora de lugares-comuns sobre o imaginário colonial. Construções de cantos paralelos que valorizam o afeto por meio do riso. Presença da ironia como estratégia corrosiva de discursos eurocêntricos ex- cludentes. Desmonte de mentalidades de teor machista, patriarcal e purista. A poesia como lugar de encontro de dissidentes por meio do cruzamento de culturas, línguas e textualidades, o que revela seu caráter exofônico graças às estratégias de mobilidade e de migração.
Apresentação
Authors: Moreira Deyse , Alves Ida
Published: December 2024

Apresentação à Abril 33.
Bayesian Bullshit
Authors:   University of Pennsylvania, Srivastava Sajan , Mylovanov Tymofiy ,   University of Pittsburgh, Vohra Rakesh ,   University of Pennsylvania
Published: December 2024

A bullshitter neither knows nor cares about the truth, and therefore, it has been asserted, is more pernicious than a liar. We examine this assertion within the standard model of cheap talk communication where a bullshitter is modeled as an uninformed Sender. We show that in some circumstances, uncertainty about whether the Sender is informed or not can increase the welfare of the Receiver.
Rosemary essential oil by hydrodistillation: SPME-GC-MS characterization
Authors:   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, Calvo-Gomez Octavio , Ruzibayev Akbarali ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, Akramova Rano ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, Salijonova Shakhnozakhon ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, Gaipova Shakhnozakhon ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, Khodjaev Sarvar ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan
Published: December 2024

Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) is an aromatic herb with a multitude of uses. It is both a seasoning in various dishes, and a natural remedy for several diseases mainly due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Plus, it is also used in cosmetic industry and for improving agriculture practices and helping the environment, since it may be a natural antimicrobial. It is worth noting that this plant is also grown and commercialized in Uzbekistan, thus, if added value is given to rosemary’s products, it has potential for improving living conditions and helping in the economy of local farmers and entrepreneurs. In this work, we discuss a technique for obtaining rosemary essential oil, rich in terpenes, by vacuum assisted hydrodistillation. This is a solventless environmentally friendly and safe technique that allows the obtention of an added value rosemary product where terpenes, compounds responsible for most of rosemary’s properties, are the most abundant. Two samples of locally acquired rosemary were sourced, essential oil was extracted, and characterization was then performed by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). As a comparison, a direct injection of a dilution of one of the essential oil samples was also performed. It was concluded that samples of essential oil obtained from both sources were entirely composed of terpenes or terpene derivatives. Besides, SPME was a superior method when compared to direct injection, since a larger number of volatiles was able to be identified.
Inclusive rural development of territorial communities of Lviv region through financial decentralisation and territorial marketing
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine, Bezpartochnyi Maksym , Bezpartochna Olesia ,   International European University, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

Ensuring inclusive rural development of territorial communities requires a comprehensive study and the use of special methods and tools. To ensure such growth, it is advisable to apply financial decentralisation and territorial marketing. The aim of the study is to determine the level of inclusive rural development of territorial communities of Lviv region. The study is based on the analysis of the budgetary indicators of rural territorial communities of Lviv region, a study of the political, economic and social inclusion of active groups of entities of rural territorial communities of Lviv region. The budgetary indicators of rural territorial communities of Lviv region are analysed, taking into account the average values for the region and the country. Based on the results of questionnaire surveys of active groups of entities of rural territorial communities of Lviv region, the level of political, economic and social inclusion is determined. The research identified indicators of political, economic and social inclusion that shape the perceptions of active groups of entities on further improvements aimed at enhancing inclusive rural development of territorial communities. The results of the research show that the level of inclusive rural development of territorial communities of Lviv region is above average. Prospects are aimed at ensuring permanent monitoring of the integrated index of inclusive rural development of territorial communities as an indicator of the efficiency of budgetary funds (financial decentralisation) and meeting the needs of active groups of entities of rural communities (territorial marketing) in Ukraine.
Measurement of sustainable entrepreneurship – benefits in a breeze: a review
Authors:   Riga Stradins University, Latvia, Bormane Santa , Tiuncika Lasma ,   Riga Stradins University, Latvia
Published: December 2024

When it comes to moving towards sustainable entrepreneurship, a knowledge-based economy is starting to affect companies and how they are managed. It is relevant for researchers and entrepreneurs to evaluate different sustainability aspects and look for ways how to achieve entrepreneurship sustainability. In the past couple of decades, many indicators have been developed which measure the performance of sustainable entrepreneurship. Not all cover a sufficient basis to provide a thorough evaluation, though. The goal of the study was to evaluate the expertise in sustainable entrepreneurship among large companies with metrics identified in the latest scientific literature review. In the process of the literature review, authors identified key metrics to measure the performance of sustainable entrepreneurship and split them into six groups. They mostly focus on social, environmental, and economic performance measurement. Relatively few research results mention the importance of corporate management indicators. Thus, the key metrics are distinctive by including corporate management as a separate aspect in the performance measurement. The conceptual framework is represented by the acronym BREEZE, including 6 groups of key metrics: brand awareness and consumer behaviour, responsibility for society and employees, environmentally friendly materials, ease of use and reuse (disposal), zero waste, economic performance (approbated on focus group discussion and expert interviews). The results revealed that the expertise levels in sustainable entrepreneurship among the large companies are fair. Complementary data analyses were carried out; as a result, authors developed a self-evaluation matrix in sustainable entrepreneurship.
Theoretical frameworks shaping innovative product development for the regional improvement: a multidisciplinary perspective
Authors:   University of Latvia, Latvia, Braslina Liga , Batraga Anda ,   University of Latvia, Latvia, Kellerte Katrina ,   University of Latvia, Latvia, Šalkovska Jeļena ,   University of Latvia, Latvia, Šķiltere Daina ,   University of Latvia, Latvia, Braslins Girts ,   University of Latvia, Latvia
Published: December 2024

In the realm of innovative product development, a multidisciplinary and scientifically grounded approach plays a pivotal role in shaping the creation of novel solutions. As society faces complex problems and rapidly evolving needs, understanding the scientific methodologies and theories underpinning innovative product development is crucial. Research aim is to comprehensively analyze and synthesize the diverse theoretical foundations from various scientific disciplines that influence the process of innovative product development. Research methods include literature review, content analysis, and expert interviews were employed to identify and categorize relevant theoretical frameworks from various disciplines. The studyʼs key findings emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in innovative product development. The study highlights the roles of creativity, economics, and psychology in product development, stressing the need to weave diverse scientific theories into a systematic approach for user-centric solutions. The study highlights the integrative nature of innovation by elucidating the diverse theoretical foundations underpinning product development, enhancing understanding of how various scientific theories converge to drive innovation systematically. The findings underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in guiding real-world product development, offering practical insights for innovators, educators, and professionals seeking to optimize the innovation process and create user-centric solutions.
Development trends and opportunities for social assistance
Authors:   University of Latvia, Latvia, Joppe Aina , Būmane Inga ,   University of Latvia, Latvia, Ozola Kristīne ,   University of Latvia, Latvia
Published: December 2024

A social security system must provide social security and support for all members of society, regardless of their age or financial situation. The elderly and disabled may face various health problems, physical and mental decline which may make them dependent on other people or on professional care. People with financial means lack the care they need; for example, older people who may not have family carers or who do not want to use commercial care services. In this case, an additional support system is needed to provide care for those with financial resources. A social program should be available so that these people can receive help from the state or the municipality. As life expectancy increases and older people become a larger demographic group in society, it is essential to provide adequate care and support for this group of older people. This includes medical and health care, as well as social care and emotional support. In this context, the state and society have a responsibility to provide appropriate care services and resources to ensure the dignity, comfort, and security for older people if they can afford private care. In old age, people deserve to live with dignity and quality care, regardless of their financial situation or social status. This requires care and attention by both the state and society to establish and maintain systems that guarantee that the needs of older people are met.
BEHAVIOR OF POLISH CONSUMERS ON THE FINANCIAL MARKET IN THE LIGHT OF RESEARCH RESULTS IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE
Authors:   Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie, Gębski Ł. , Druhov O. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2024

Purpose – Financial literacy plays an increasingly important role in the formation of vital skills of the population. The ability to correctly understand and use financial services is already an integral part of the knowledge of an adult. Because of this, measuring the level of financial literacy plays an important social role. The aim of this article is to analyze market behavior and consumer knowledge on the financial market in the light of scientific achievements and own research. The authors examine the actual level of financial knowledge of Polish consumers and analyze the mistakes made by consumers.

Design/methodology/approach – In the article, the authors reviewed the literature and the most important studies on financial knowledge and consumer behavior in the financial market in Poland and Ukraine – in the context of the pan-European OECD/INFE study. Then, the authors presented their own study of Polish consumers. The results of the survey conducted on a representative group of consumers were subjected to statistical analysis to detect relationships and correlations. Pearson's χ2 non-parametric test was used to examine the relationship between two variables measured on a qualitative scale. The strength of the relationship is calculated based on Cramer's V coefficient. The study conducted by the authors allowed them to formulate conclusions.

Findings – Hypotheses were formulated regarding consumer behavior on the financial market. They were examined and confirmed by the results of the study. Consumers tend to overestimate their own financial competence and knowledge in this area. They also remain uncritical towards their mistakes. They also succumb to behavioral cognitive errors. As a result, decisions and choices made on the financial market are not always rational.

Practical implications – The results of these studies are interesting for people and bodies responsible for consumer protection on the financial market. The awareness of the low – actual –level of knowledge and the tendency to make cognitive errors put in a new light the foundations of the policy in the field of institutional consumer protection (the postulate of increasing the level of protection) and the assessment of the economic education system (it is insufficient)

Originality/value – This article presents new and unique results of a survey of a representa-tive group of consumers. The survey was one of the first – on a European scale – to aim not only tocollect consumers' declarations regarding their financial knowledge, but also to critically verify the answers obtained.
INTEGRATION UKRAINIAN ECONOMY INTO EUROPEAN VALUE CHAINS: MODELING OF ECONOMIC COMPLEXITY
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Pyroh O.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to research of the modern trends of Ukrainian integration into European value chains that based on the sectoral model and its complexity, and to identify their features during last years. Based on the latest research and publications related to this topic, it is possible to formulate the hypothesis that at the postwar period, Ukraine needs to integrate into European value chains via transformation of the sectoral model of development that will provide the status as global and competitive actor in global and European economies.

Design/methodology/approach. To research the modern trends of Ukrainian integration into European value chains, the methods of scientific research were applied (theoretical generalization, empirical method and methods of statistical analysis).

Findings. Our research observed the modern tendencies of Ukrainian economy integration into European value chains. During 2000-2021 Ukraine traded the products in such types of economic activities as agriculture, forestry and fishing; electricity, gas and water; mining and quarrying; manufacturing, and services in GVCs. There were also significant changes in the geographical structure of Ukraine's trade in GVCs, and, also, changed the direction of Ukraine's foreign economic activity: from the “Russia-CIS vector” to the “EU vector”.

Practical implications. The obtained results impact to develop the recommendations for the formation and implementation of the strategy of Ukrainian integration into European value chains now and at the conditions of postwar period.

Originality/value. The research highlights the elements of the methodological system of transformation of the integration strategy of Ukraine into European value chains now and at the conditions of the postwar period, based on macro-forecasting of the country's development was carried out in accordance with strategic economic tasks.