bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reseña histórica de la fundación del Departamento de Pediatría - Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Authors: Lago Barney Gabriel , Bertolotto Cepeda Ana María
Published: July 2024

La fundación del Departamento de Pediatría de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana y el servicio de pediatría del hoy Hospital Universitario San Ignacio se dieron dentro de un contexto mundial tan interesante como complejo, con grandes implicaciones sociales y sobre la salud y desarrollo de la infancia y adolescencia.
Low human interest for the most at-risk reef fishes worldwide
Authors: Mouquet Nicolas , Langlois Juliette , Casajus Nicolas , Auber Arnaud , Flandrin Ulysse , Guilhaumon François , Loiseau Nicolas , McLean Matthew , Receveur Aurore , Stuart Smith Rick D. , Mouillot David
Published: July 2024

Human interest in biodiversity is essential for effective conservation action but remains poorly quantified at large scales. Here, we investigated human interest for 2408 marine reef fishes using data obtained from online public databases and social media, summarized in two synthetic dimensions, research effort and public attention. Both dimensions are mainly related to geographic range size. Research effort is also linked to fishery importance, while public attention is more related to fish aesthetic value and aquarium trade importance. We also found a strong phylogenetic bias, with certain fish families receiving disproportional research effort and public attention. Most concerningly, species at the highest risk of extinction and those most vulnerable to future climate change tend to receive less research effort and public attention. Our results provide a lens through which examining the societal attention that species garner, with the ultimate goals to improve conservation strategies, research programs, and communication plans.
In vivo mapping of cellular resolution neuropathology in brain ischemia with diffusion MRI
Authors: Wu Dan , Lee Hong-Hsi , Ba Ruicheng , Turnbill Victoria , Wang Xiaoli , Luo Yu , Walczak Piotr , Fieremans Els , Novikov Dmitry S. , Martin Lee J. , Northington Frances J. , Zhang Jiangyang
Published: July 2024

Noninvasive mapping of cellular pathology can provide critical diagnostic and prognostic information. Recent advances in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging enabled in vivo examination of tissue microstructures well beyond the imaging resolution. Here, we proposed to use diffusion time–dependent diffusion kurtosis imaging (
t
DKI) to simultaneously assess cellular morphology and transmembrane permeability in hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Through numerical simulations and organoid imaging, we demonstrated the feasibility of capturing effective size and permeability changes using
t
DKI. In vivo MRI of HI-injured mouse brains detected a shift of the
t
DKI peak to longer diffusion times, suggesting swelling of the cellular processes. Furthermore, we observed a faster decrease of the
t
DKI tail, reflecting increased transmembrane permeability associated with up-regulated water exchange or necrosis. Such information, unavailable from a single diffusion time, can predict salvageable tissues. Preliminary applications of
t
DKI in patients with ischemic stroke suggested increased transmembrane permeability in stroke regions, illustrating
t
DKI’s potential for detecting pathological changes in the clinics.
Single-molecule imaging reveals allosteric stimulation of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain by host sialic acid
Authors: Díaz-Salinas Marco A. , Jain Aastha , Durham Natasha D. , Munro James B.
Published: July 2024

Conformational dynamics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein (S) mediate exposure of the binding site for the cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The N-terminal domain (NTD) of S binds terminal sialic acid (SA) moieties on the cell surface, but the functional role of this interaction in virus entry is unknown. Here, we report that NTD-SA interaction enhances both S-mediated virus attachment and ACE2 binding. Through single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer imaging of individual S trimers, we demonstrate that SA binding to the NTD allosterically shifts the S conformational equilibrium, favoring enhanced exposure of the ACE2-binding site. Antibodies that target the NTD block SA binding, which contributes to their mechanism of neutralization. These findings inform on mechanisms of S activation at the cell surface.
Out of the blue: Hyperaccumulation of molybdenum in the Indo-Pacific sponge
Theonella conica
Authors: Shoham Shani , Keren Ray , Lavy Adi , Polishchuk Iryna , Pokroy Boaz , Ilan Micha
Published: July 2024

Molybdenum is an essential micronutrient, but because of its toxicity at high concentrations, its accumulation in living organisms has not been widely demonstrated. In this study, we report that the marine sponge
Theonella conica
accumulates exceptionally high levels of molybdenum (46,793 micrograms per gram of dry weight) in a wide geographic distribution from the northern Red Sea to the reefs of Zanzibar, Indian Ocean. The element is found in various sponge body fractions and correlates to selenium. We further investigated the microbial composition of the sponge and compared it to its more studied congener,
Theonella swinhoei
. Our analysis illuminates the symbiotic bacterium
Entotheonella
sp. and its role in molybdenum accumulation. Through microscopic and analytical methods, we provide evidence of intracellular spheres within
Entotheonella
sp. that exhibit high molybdenum content, further unraveling the intricate mechanisms behind molybdenum accumulation in this sponge species and its significance in the broader context of molybdenum biogeochemical cycling.
STING activation disrupts tumor vasculature to overcome the EPR limitation and increase drug deposition
Authors: Jiang Xiaomin , Luo Taokun , Yang Kaiting , Lee Morten J. , Liu Jing , Tillman Langston , Zhen Wenyao , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Lin Wenbin
Published: July 2024

The low success rate of cancer nanomedicines has raised debate on the role of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect on tumor deposition of nanotherapeutics. Here, we report a bifunctional nanoscale coordination polymer (NCP), oxaliplatin (OX)/2′,3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (GA), to overcome the EPR limitation through stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation and enhance chemotherapeutic and STING agonist delivery for tumor eradication. OX/GA encapsulates GA and OX in the NCP to protect GA from enzymatic degradation and improve GA and OX pharmacokinetics. STING activation by OX/GA disrupts tumor vasculatures and increases intratumoral deposition of OX by 4.9-fold over monotherapy OX-NCP. OX/GA demonstrates exceptional antitumor effects with >95% tumor growth inhibition and high cure rates in subcutaneous, orthotopic, spontaneous, and metastatic tumor models. OX/GA induces immunogenic cell death of tumor cells and STING activation of innate immune cells to enhance antigen presentation. NCPs provide an excellent nanoplatform to overcome the EPR limitation for effective cancer therapy.
Optical super-resolution nanothermometry via stimulated emission depletion imaging of upconverting nanoparticles
Authors: Ye Ziyang , Harrington Benjamin , Pickel Andrea D.
Published: July 2024

From engineering improved device performance to unraveling the breakdown of classical heat transfer laws, far-field optical temperature mapping with nanoscale spatial resolution would benefit diverse areas. However, these attributes are traditionally in opposition because conventional far-field optical temperature mapping techniques are inherently diffraction limited. Optical super-resolution imaging techniques revolutionized biological imaging, but such approaches have yet to be applied to thermometry. Here, we demonstrate a super-resolution nanothermometry technique based on highly doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) that enable stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution imaging. We identify a ratiometric thermometry signal and maintain imaging resolution better than ~120 nm for the relevant spectral bands. We also form self-assembled UCNP monolayers and multilayers and implement a detection scheme with scan times >0.25 μm
2
/min. We further show that STED nanothermometry reveals a temperature gradient across a joule-heated microstructure that is undetectable with diffraction limited thermometry, indicating the potential of this technique to uncover local temperature variation in wide-ranging practical applications.
The role of metals in hypothiocyanite resistance in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Gray Michael J.
Published: July 2024

The innate immune system employs a variety of antimicrobial oxidants to control and kill host-associated bacteria. Hypothiocyanite/hypothiocyanous acid (
−
OSCN/HOSCN) is one such antimicrobial oxidant that is synthesized by lactoperoxidase, myeloperoxidase, and eosinophil peroxidase at sites throughout the human body. HOSCN has potent antibacterial activity while being largely non-toxic toward human cells. The molecular mechanisms by which bacteria sense and defend themselves against HOSCN have only recently begun to be elaborated, notably by the discovery of bacterial HOSCN reductase (RclA), an HOSCN-degrading enzyme widely conserved among bacteria that live on epithelial surfaces. In this paper, I show that Ni
2+
sensitizes
Escherichia coli
to HOSCN by inhibiting glutathione reductase and that inorganic polyphosphate protects
E. coli
against this effect, probably by chelating Ni
2+
ions. I also found that RclA is very sensitive to inhibition by Cu
2+
and Zn
2+
, metals that are accumulated to high levels by innate immune cells, and that, surprisingly, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase are not involved in HOSCN stress resistance in
E. coli
. These results advance our understanding of the contribution of different oxidative stress responses and redox buffering pathways to HOSCN resistance in
E. coli
and illustrate important interactions between metal ions and the enzymes bacteria use to defend themselves against oxidative stress.

IMPORTANCE

Hypothiocyanite (HOSCN) is an antimicrobial oxidant produced by the innate immune system. The molecular mechanisms by which host-associated bacteria defend themselves against HOSCN have only recently begun to be understood. The results in this paper are significant because they show that the low molecular weight thiol glutathione and enzyme glutathione reductase are critical components of the
Escherichia coli
HOSCN response, working by a mechanism distinct from that of the HOSCN-specific defenses provided by the RclA, RclB, and RclC proteins and that metal ions (including nickel, copper, and zinc) may impact the ability of bacteria to resist HOSCN by inhibiting specific defensive enzymes (e.g., glutathione reductase or RclA).
Laryngeal schwannoma masquerading as malignancy
Authors: Annam Chandra Shekhar , Das Soumyajit , Iyer Aishwari , Bakshi Satvinder Singh
Published: July 2024

Laryngeal schwannoma is a rare type of neurogenous tumour with a non-specific presentation. We present a case of a middle-aged man with issues of hoarseness, globus sensation and intermittent episodes of throat pain. The Hopkins examination showed right vocal fold irregularity with fullness in the right ventricle. The contrast-enhanced CT neck revealed an ill-defined lesion with contrast uptake extending into the paraglottic region with no neck node involvement. Considering the clinical presentation of hoarseness, throat pain and globus with imaging revealing contrast enhancement of lesion, direct laryngoscopy and biopsy were planned to rule out malignancy. Intraoperatively, a well-defined submucosal capsulated swelling became apparent after incision and dissection of the mucosa over the right vocal fold. A complete excision of the swelling was done with microlaryngeal instruments without tracheostomy. The histopathological report was suggestive of schwannoma. The literature review discusses clinical presentation, location, imaging features and management strategy.
Odontome and its pathological effect on surrounding teeth
Authors: Parasramka Pallavi , Somkuwar Jay Kishor , Khanna Richa , Vaish Prachi
Published: July 2024

Odontoma is the most common odontogenic tumour derived from both epithelial and mesenchymal components of the tooth-forming apparatus. It is commonly diagnosed in the second and third decades of life when a radiograph is taken for some other purpose, as most cases are asymptomatic. This case involves a young boy, with the chief complaint of pain and swelling in the lower left back region. An intraoral examination revealed a carious and hypoplastic left permanent mandibular first molar. Although the molar was suspected as the source of his symptoms, radiographic imaging revealed multiple odontomas and missing second and third molar tooth buds. This case highlights the pathological effects of odontomas on surrounding teeth, including the malformation of the first molar and aplasia of the second and third molars. The sole management depends on the early diagnosis, histopathological examination to rule out malignancy and conservative surgical excision of these tissues.
Association between rheumatoid arthritis and risk of radiotherapy toxicity: a systematic review
Authors: Liebenberg Nina , McWilliam Alan , Kerns Sarah L , Marshall Deborah C , West Catharine M
Published: July 2024

There is sometimes concern over the use of radiotherapy for cancer in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but there is little evidence to support its avoidance. Identifying any association between RA and risk of radiotherapy toxicity could impact current guidance. We aimed to review the evidence base. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, a systematic review was conducted of Medline, Embase and PubMed databases on 25 November 2019 and updated 22 February 2024. Articles identified for inclusion were reviewed by two independent assessors. 155 articles were identified. With repeat articles excluded, 114 remained. 12 articles were included in qualitative analysis. Six studies held no comparison cohort; one compared patients with RA to patients without RA collagen vascular disease (CVD); five compared patients with RA to CVD or a matched pair. Studies showed patients with RA developed higher levels of toxicity; however, only two studies had statistically significant results. Nine of the 12 studies had medium-to-low quality evidence and displayed predisposition to numerous biases. Due to limited high-quality research, it is difficult to draw a clear conclusion on the relationship between RA and radiotherapy toxicity. Given the current lack of strong and high-quality evidence identified in this review, dose reduction of radiotherapy in patients with RA lacks sufficient evidence to be recommended. There is a need for further high-quality research involving prospective analyses of toxicity, up-to-date radiotherapy techniques, long follow-up and large cohorts. Also, analyses need to adjust for confounding factors, match for risk factors and incorporate RA activity status assessments.
Prospective cohort study investigating frequency and risk factors for acute pain 1 day after refractive surgery
Authors: Betz Jason , Locatelli Elyana Vittoria Tessa , Harkness Brooke M , Perez-Blanco Maricarmen , Everist Steven J , Chen Siting , Stutzman Richard , Chamberlain Winston , Nanji Afshan , Lapidus Jodi , Aicher Sue A , Galor Anat
Published: July 2024

Background/aims

To examine demographic and clinical factors associated with ocular pain 1 day after refractive surgery.

Methods

Prospective study of individuals undergoing refractive surgery. Participants rated their ocular pain on a 0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS) presurgery and 1 day after surgery. Presurgery, participants completed questionnaires on demographics, comorbidities, medications and dry eye and ocular pain symptoms; and an anaesthetised Schirmer test was performed. Acute ocular pain 1 day after surgery was defined as an NRS score of worst pain since surgery ≥3 and this group was compared with individuals with NRS scores<3.

Results

251 individuals underwent refractive surgery (89% laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, n=222; 11% PRK, n=29). Mean age was 35±8 years (range 19 to 60); 60% (n=150) self-identified as female, 80% (n=203) as White, and 36% (n=89) as Hispanic. Thirteen (5%) individuals reported ocular pain (NRS ≥3) prior to surgery and 67% (n=168) reported ocular pain 1 day after surgery (nine individuals had pain at both time points). Factors that were associated with pain 1 day after surgery included Hispanic ethnicity (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.42, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.68, p<0.001) and the presence of eye pain presurgery (aRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.18, p=0.02).

Conclusion

A majority of individuals report moderate or greater pain within 24 hours of refractive surgery. Hispanic ethnicity and eye pain prior to surgery were associated with self-reported acute postsurgical pain.
Impact of probiotic supplementation on exercise endurance among nonelite athletes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial
Authors: McDermott Caitlin E. , Judkins Taylor C. , Vincent Heather K. , Culpepper Tyler , Colee James , Nieves Carmelo , Mathews Anne E. , Langkamp-Henken Bobbi
Published: July 2024

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel trial investigated whether generally healthy adult, nonelite runners would have a greater time-to-exhaustion during submaximal treadmill running with probiotic versus placebo supplementation. It was hypothesized that the probiotic would impact training progression by reducing gastrointestinal (GI) and cold/flu symptoms. Participants who typically ran ≥24 km/week, ran or cross-trained 3–5 days per week, and had a maximal oxygen intake (V̇O2 max) in the 60–85th percentile were enrolled. V̇O2 max was used to establish individualized workload settings (85% of V̇O2 max) for the submaximal endurance tests at baseline and following 6 weeks of supplementation with a probiotic ( Lactobacillus helveticus Lafti L10, 5×109 CFU/capsule/day) or placebo. Participants self-reported GI and cold/flu symptoms and physical activity via daily and weekly questionnaires. Outcomes were tested using a linear model to determine if mean response values adjusted for baseline differed between groups. Twenty-eight participants ( n = 14/group), aged 25 ± 5 years (mean ± SD) with a body mass index of 23 ± 3 kg/m2, completed the study. At the final visit the probiotic group had a lower time-to-exhaustion versus the placebo group ( P = 0.01) due to an increase in time-to-exhaustion with the placebo (1344 ± 188 to 1565 ± 219 s, P = 0.01) with no change with the probiotic (1655 ± 230 to 1547 ± 215 s, P = 0.23). During the intervention, the probiotic group completed fewer aerobic training sessions per week ( P = 0.02) and trained at a lower intensity ( P = 0.007) versus the placebo group. Few GI and cold/flu symptoms were reported with no differences between groups. Time-to-exhaustion increased in the placebo group, possibly due to differences in training habits.
Electric Penrose, circular orbits and collisions of charged particles near charged black holes in Kalb–Ramond gravity
Authors: Zahid Muhammad , Rayimbaev Javlon , Kurbonov Nuriddin , Ahmedov Saidmuhammad , Shen Chao , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon
Published: July 2024

General relativity (GR) is a well-tested theory of gravity in strong and weak field regimes. Many modifications to this theory were obtained, including different scalar, vector, and tensor fields to the GR with non-minimal coupling to gravity. Kalb–Ramond (KR) gravity is also a modified theory formulated in the presence of a bosonic field. One astrophysical way to test gravity is by studying the motion of test particles in the spacetime of black holes (BH). In this work, we study the circular motion of charged particles and explore energetic processes around charged BHs in KR theory. First, we investigated the event horizon radius and analyzed horizon-no horizon regions in the BH charge and KR parameter space. Considering the Coulomb interaction, we derive and analyze the effective potential for charged particles around a charged KR BH. We investigate charged particles’ angular momentum and energy corresponding to circular orbits. We also investigate how the KR non-minimal coupling parameter affects the radius of the innermost stable circular orbits, the corresponding energy, and the angular momentum. We also investigated the electric Penrose process and charged-particle collisions near the KR BH. The presence of the nonzero KR parameter results in a decrease in the energy efficiency of the Penrose process. Also obtained is that the KR parameter’s positive (negative) values cause a decrease (increase) in the center of mass energy of colliding particles near the BH horizon.
Impact of star pressure on $$\gamma $$ in modified gravity beyond post-Newtonian approach
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Ky , Chauvineau Bertrand
Published: July 2024

We offer a concrete example exhibiting marked departure from the Parametrized Post-Newtonian (PPN) approximation in a modified theory of gravity. Specifically, we derive the exact formula for the Robertson parameter $$\gamma $$
γ
in Brans–Dicke gravity for spherical compact stars, explicitly incorporating the pressure content of the stars. We achieve this by exploiting the integrability of the 00-component of the Brans–Dicke field equation. In place of the conventional PPN result $$\gamma _{\,\text {PPN}}=\frac{\omega +1}{\omega +2}$$

γ

PPN

=

ω
+
1

ω
+
2

, we obtain the analytical expression $$\gamma _{\,\text {exact}}=\frac{\omega +1+(\omega +2)\Theta }{\omega +2+(\omega +1)\Theta }$$

γ

exact

=

ω
+
1
+
(
ω
+
2
)
Θ

ω
+
2
+
(
ω
+
1
)
Θ

where $$\Theta $$
Θ
is the ratio of the total pressure $$P_{\parallel }^{*}+2P_{\perp }^{*}$$

P

‖

∗

+
2

P

⊥

∗

and total energy $$E^{*}$$

E

∗

contained within the star. The dimensionless quantity $$\Theta $$
Θ
participates in $$\gamma $$
γ
due to the scalar degree of freedom of Brans–Dicke gravity. Our non-perturbative formula is valid for all field strengths and types of matter comprising the star. In addition, we establish two new mathematical identities linking the active gravitational mass, the ADM (Arnowitt–Deser–Misner) mass, and the Tolman mass, applicable for Brans–Dicke gravity. We draw four key conclusions:(1) The usual $$\gamma _{\,\text {PPN}}$$

γ

PPN

formula is violated for high-pressure mass sources, such as neutron stars, viz. when $$\Theta \ne 0$$

Θ
≠
0

, revealing a limitation of the PPN approximation in Brans–Dicke gravity. (2) The PPN result mainly stems from the assumption of pressureless matter. Even in the weak-field star case, non-zero pressure leads to a violation of the PPN formula for $$\gamma $$
γ
. Conversely, the PPN result is a good approximation for low-pressure matter, i.e. when $$\Theta \approx 0$$

Θ
≈
0

, for all field strengths. (3) Observational constraints on $$\gamma $$
γ
set joint bounds on $$\omega $$
ω
and $$\Theta $$
Θ
, with the latter representing a global characteristic of a mass source. If the equation of state of matter comprising the mass source approaches the ultra-relativistic form, entailing $$\Theta \simeq 1$$

Θ
≃
1

, $$\gamma _{\,\text {exact}}$$

γ

exact

converges to 1 irrespective of $$\omega $$
ω
. More generally, regardless of $$\omega $$
ω
, ultra-relativistic matter tends to suppress the scalar degree of freedom in the exterior vacuum of Brans–Dicke stars, reducing the vacuum to the Schwarzschild solution. (4) In a broader context, by exposing a limitation of the PPN approximation in Brans–Dicke gravity, our findings indicate the significance of considering the interior structure of stars in observational astronomy when testing candidate theories of gravitation that involve additional degrees of freedom besides the metric tensor.
Microscopic state equation for oscillator chains
Authors: Di Florio Vincenzo , Giberti Claudio , Rondoni Lamberto , Zhao Hong
Published: July 2024

Systems allowing anomalous transport of mass, momentum energy, etc., such as low-dimensional particles systems or highly confining media, are hard to characterize thermodynamically. Indeed, local thermodynamic equilibrium may not be established and their behaviour often strongly depends on many microscopic parameters, including the symmetry of the interaction potentials. Thermodynamic state equations, on the other hand, involve a small set of observables, which are obtained averaging in time and over the large number of particles that populate mesoscopic cells in which local equilibrium can be realized. In this work we show that a linear relation discovered earlier, that connects the average distance between pairs of consecutive particles with their kinetic energy, applies to quite a large set of 1-dimensional particle systems known to produce anomalous transport. This relation is microscopic in nature, since the quantities involved are neither averaged over many particles, neither over very large times. Nevertheless, its robustness is under variations of the external parameters, and the limited set of quantities it involves qualify it as a state equation, analogously to thermodynamic relations. We provide conditions for which the relation can be violated within a limited range of parameters values, and we find that it can be extended to two-dimensional networks of coupled oscillators. The validity of this relation further shows that the states of aggregation of matter in low-dimensional systems are often different from standard macroscopic ones.
Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Generation in Highly Nonlinear Chalcogenide Fibers
Authors: Rahman Ashiq , Dutta Niloy K.
Published: July 2024

Interest in mid-infrared broadband laser light sources has surged due to applications in trace gas detection, free-space communications, and countermeasures. Progress in supercontinuum generation leverages fiber-based near-infrared and bulk-optic mid-infrared pump sources. In this paper, the Generalized Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation has been solved, using the Split Step Fourier Method, to simulate the pulse propagation and mid-infrared supercontinuum generation, inside a fiber composed of highly nonlinear As2Se3/As2S3 chalcogenide glass. The effect of various parameters, including fiber nonlinearity, Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD), input power and pulse-width, anomalous and normal dispersion pumping regime, etc. on the output supercontinuum bandwidth has been extensively studied. A tapered chalcogenide fiber is modeled to facilitate continuous simultaneous modification of the GVD and the Kerr nonlinearity parameter. Pumping the waveguides with 230-fs secant pulses at a peak power of 4.2-kW yields a mid-IR supercontinuum extending from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] micrometers.
Significance of a quadratically varying deceleration parameter in scalar field-dominated model and cosmic acceleration
Authors: Mishra Keshav Ram , Chaudhary Himanshu , Kumar Rajesh , Nekouee Z. , Pacif Shibesh Kumar Jas
Published: July 2024

In this study, we explore the enigma of late-time cosmic acceleration in the framework of a general scalar field playing the role of dark energy. Our investigation yields an exact solution to Einstein’s field equations, achieved through a parametrization of the deceleration parameter [Formula: see text] in quadratic form in the homogeneous and isotropic background geometry represented by Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetime. This parametrization unveils a seamless transition from a decelerated to an accelerated phase in the cosmic evolution. Furthermore, we leverage this parametrization to reconstruct cosmological parameters with respect to redshift z, elucidating their dependency on certain model parameters that govern the universe’s evolutionary trajectory. The model parameters are subsequently constrained using diverse observational datasets. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of geometrical and physical parameters, complete with the numerically constrained values. To gain deeper insights into the nature of dark energy, we employ Statefinder diagnostics, conducting a thorough examination. Our findings shed light on the intricate interplay between cosmic acceleration, quintessential dark energy and the parametrization of deceleration parameter, offering valuable insights into the fundamental dynamics of the universe.
Behavior of Tsallis holographic dark energy for Marder universe
Authors: Aktaş Can
Published: July 2024

In this study, Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) was discussed within the frame of [Formula: see text] gravitational theory and considering the homogeneous and anisotropic Marder universe. The Hubble horizon was taken into consideration as infrared cutoff of the system. To get the field equations, solutions were used for the THDE density and the anisotropy parameter. Furthermore, a variety of physical parameters such as deceleration parameter, anisotropy parameter and volume have been examined. They have been also been visually examined with the help of graphics. Different values of deceleration parameter consistent with different observational data were mentioned. In addition to this, cosmological parameters like jerk, lerk and snap parameters were analyzed. Statefinder diagnostics which are helpful tools for the separation of dark energy models have been examined. By the calculation and representation of the overall density parameter ([Formula: see text]) it can be concluded that the anisotropic nature of model vanishes showing a tendency to isotropy in accordance with present universe. Finally, the physical and geometrical nature of the model was studied, collating with relevant studies and observations.
A Two-Dimensional Discrete Memristor Map: Analysis and Implementation
Authors: Xiang Qian , Shen Yunzhu , Peng Shuangshuang , Liu Mengqiang
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present a novel two-dimensional discrete memristor map that is based on a discrete memristor model and a sine–arcsine one-dimensional map. First, an analysis is conducted on the memristor model to understand its characteristics. Then, the model is coupled with the sine–arcsine one-dimensional map to achieve the two-dimensional discrete memristor map. Our investigation reveals the presence of coexisting attractors and hyperchaotic attractors as the bifurcation parameters vary. Numerical simulations show that the discrete memristors effectively enhance the complexity of chaos in the sine–arcsine map. Furthermore, a digital circuit is designed to experimentally verify the new chaotic system. The research results can enrich the theoretical analysis and circuit implementation of chaos.
A local fractional modified Crank–Nicolson scheme for fractal LWR model of traffic flow
Authors: Goswami Pranay , Pokhriyal Bhawna , Kumar Kranti
Published: July 2024

This research proposes a modified Crank–Nicolson finite difference scheme with local fractional derivatives to approximate the solutions of local fractional LWR traffic flow model. The stability and consistency of the scheme are examined. Further, convergence of the scheme is assured by using Lax’s equivalence theorem. Some exemplary instances are discussed along with their simulations to validate the proposed method. The obtained numerical solutions show the dynamical evolution of traffic density with respect to time and space. The results derived using the proposed numerical scheme establish that they are quite effective in obtaining the numerical solution to the fractal vehicular traffic flow problem.
Metric Space and Calculus of Type-2 Interval-Valued Functions
Authors: Rahaman Mostafijur , Das Manojit , Alam Shariful , Salahshour Soheil , Mondal Sankar Prasad
Published: July 2024

This paper attempts an extensive study on metric space and calculus under Type 2 interval uncertainty. Type 2 interval generalizes interval uncertainty considering both ends of the interval number to be imprecise. Type 2 interval philosophy was introduced in the literature with optimization perspectives. We prioritize the study of Type 2 interval-ruled dynamical systems. The concerns necessitate an extensive introduction of metric space and calculus for Type 2 interval-valued functions. We investigate several fundamental properties of metric space in the contemporary of Type 2 interval setting. After significant findings in differential calculus using generalized Hukuhara difference of Type 2 interval numbers, a detailed and novel manifestation of integral calculus including Riemann and Lebesgue senses is also done in this paper. We also provide hints for possible mathematical modelings of real-world scenarios using Type 2 interval-ruled uncertain decision realm.
Carving Out Control Code: Automated Identification of Control Software in Autopilot Systems
Authors: Balasubramaniam Balaji , Ahmed Iftekhar , Bagheri Hamid , Bradley Justin
Published: July 2024

Cyber-physical systems interact with the world through software controlling physical effectors. Carefully designed controllers, implemented as safety-critical control software, also interact with other parts of the software suite, and may be difficult to separate, verify, or maintain. Moreover, some software changes, not intended to impact control system performance,
do
change controller response through a variety of means including interaction with external libraries or unmodeled changes only existing in the cyber system (e.g., exception handling). As a result, identifying safety-critical control software, its boundaries with other embedded software in the system, and the way in which control software evolves could help developers isolate, test, and verify control implementation, and improve control software development. In this work we present an automated technique, based on a novel application of machine learning, to detect commits related to control software, its changes, and how the control software evolves. We leverage messages from developers (e.g., commit comments), and code changes themselves to understand how control software is refined, extended, and adapted over time. We examine three distinct, popular, real-world, safety-critical autopilots—ArduPilot, Paparazzi UAV, and LibrePilot to test our method demonstrating an effective detection rate of 0.95 for control-related code changes.
A Comprehensive Threat Modelling Analysis for Distributed Energy Resources
Authors: Bhaskar Neel , Ahmed Jawad , Masood Rahat , Ahmed Nadeem , Kerr Stephen , Jha Sanjay K.
Published: July 2024

The exponential rise in popularity of distributed energy resources (DERs) is attributed to their numerous benefits within the power sector. However, the risks that new DERs pose to the power grid have not yet been closely assessed, exposing a gap in the literature. This article addresses this gap by presenting a comprehensive threat model of the DER architecture, combining the MITRE ATT&CK catalogue for industrial control systems (ICS), and the IDDIL/ATC threat model, to create a hybrid approach. Our first contribution is to propose criteria derived from seven metrics to evaluate and compare the efficacy and usability of threat modelling frameworks for DER systems, allowing more informed framework selection. Our second contribution is to develop a comprehensive hybrid threat modelling approach based on IDDIL/ATC and MITRE ATT&CK and organise attack paths chronologically using the cyber kill chain methodology to categorise attacker techniques. Our third contribution is to perform a comprehensive DER architecture system decomposition, elaborating assets, trust levels, entry points, data, protocols, and entity relations to identify the threat landscape. Our final contribution is to apply the proposed approach to the distribution system operator (DSO), mapping potential attacker techniques and illustrating a ransomware attack chain on the DSO's Energy Management System, with proposed mitigations.
The Nature of the Beast: Wildlife Valuation from the Iconic to the Ordinary
Authors: Lewis Lynne , Raynor Jennifer , Richardson Leslie
Published: July 2024

Wildlife species generate significant economic value through recreational opportunities, ecosystem services, and their existence and preservation for future generations. Policymaker decisions about fish and wildlife conservation, population management, hunting and fishing limits, and damage assessments all rely to some extent on nonmarket valuation estimates of the species in question. Focusing on individual species, we present a comprehensive review of the nonmarket valuation literature from 1990 to 2023. We quantify studies by species and synthesize the characteristics of these species. We examine why certain species or uses have been the historical focus. Finally, we offer some insights into gaps in our knowledge and directions for future research. While the wildlife valuation literature is extensive, we question the scope of coverage and speculate on the reasons for such heavy coverage of some species and limited coverage of others. Charisma, endemism, and rarity play a large role, as do species with large use values.
Low-cost, portable, easy-to-use kiosks to facilitate home-cage testing of nonhuman primates during vision-based behavioral tasks
Authors: Ramezanpour Hamidreza , Giverin Christopher , Kar Kohitij
Published: July 2024

Training nonhuman primates (NHPs) for vision-based behavioral tasks in a laboratory setting is a time-consuming process and comes with many limitations. To overcome these challenges, we have developed an affordable, open-source, wireless, touchscreen training system that can be placed in the NHPs’ housing environment. This system enables NHPs to work at their own pace. It provides a platform to implement continuous behavioral training protocols without major experimenter intervention and eliminates the need for other standard practices like NHP chair training, collar placement, and head restraints. Hence, these kiosks ultimately contribute to animal welfare and therefore better-quality neuroscience in the long run. In addition, NHPs quickly learn complex behavioral tasks using this system, making it a promising tool for wireless electrophysiological research in naturalistic, unrestricted environments to probe the relation between brain and behavior.
Direction‐of‐Arrival Estimation of Electromagnetic Pulse Based on Energy Distribution
Authors: Li Weiyi , Chen Jian , Lin Lin
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) sources in modern radar system and proposes a novel EMP DOA estimation method. The method is based on energy distribution and improves the low accuracy and high computational complexity of the conventional estimation method. According to the characteristics of the EMP signal, the frequency point where 90% of the signal energy is concentrated is considered as the critical frequency point. Before this point, differently sized frequency sub‐blocks are determined depending on the energy. After the critical frequency point, identically sized frequency sub‐blocks are chosen at equal frequency intervals for processing. The proposed method is compared with the representative EMP DOA estimation methods. Simulation experiments are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results illustrate that the computational complexity is significantly reduced while the accuracy is improved compared to the conventional method.
Supplementary Table S2 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Somatic mutations in each case
Supplementary Table S1 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Germline SNVs and indels found in known cancer predisposing genes
Supplementary Figure S6 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Signature analysis of case 3.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Signature analysis and representation of somatic alterations of the two tumors ofcase 2.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Signature analysis and representation of somatic alterations of the two tumors ofcase 1.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Somatic mutation calling and timing of clonal expansion relative to the exposure toplatinum.
Supplementary Figure S14 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Calculation of confidence intervals of activity of SBS31.
Supplementary Figure S13 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

mSigAct SBS31 detection specificity test.
Supplementary Figure S10 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Representation of somatic alterations of the two tumors of case 4.
Supplementary Data 1 from Exploration of Immune-Modulatory Effects of Amivantamab in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Lung and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Sun M. , Kang Seong-san , Kim Dong K. , Lee Soo-Hwan , Synn Chun-Bong , Baek Sujeong , Yang Seung M. , Han Yu J. , Kim Mi H. , Han Heekyung , Na Kwangmin , Kim Young T. , Yun Mi R. , Kim Jae H. , Byeon Youngseon , Kim Young S. , Lee Jii B. , Hong Min H. , Curtin Joshua C. , Patel Bharvin , Bergiers Isabelle , Pyo Kyoung-Ho , Cho Byoung C.
Published: July 2024

Individual whole slide images of HNSCC PDX tumor used for TME analysis.
Supplementary Data 1 Legend from Exploration of Immune-Modulatory Effects of Amivantamab in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Lung and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Sun M. , Kang Seong-san , Kim Dong K. , Lee Soo-Hwan , Synn Chun-Bong , Baek Sujeong , Yang Seung M. , Han Yu J. , Kim Mi H. , Han Heekyung , Na Kwangmin , Kim Young T. , Yun Mi R. , Kim Jae H. , Byeon Youngseon , Kim Young S. , Lee Jii B. , Hong Min H. , Curtin Joshua C. , Patel Bharvin , Bergiers Isabelle , Pyo Kyoung-Ho , Cho Byoung C.
Published: July 2024

Data legend for supplementary data 1, showing the process chart and raw whole slide images of multiplex IHC.
Intelligent automation computational modelling for contextual consulting services using Industry 4.0
Authors: Pandey Vijay Kumar , Rathore Neeraj , Bhosale Narayan P
Published: July 2024

The methodology towards operational management and service delivery associated with consulting firms, irrespective of any business domain, are less revisited in perspective from the automation-based process management. Adoption of Industry 4.0 has been attempted by various researchers from the business process management; however, there are less evidence of any computational model towards it. Apart from this, existing models are accompanied by various loopholes which makes its further challenging to analyze it on practical environment. Hence, the proposed study introduces a novel computational and analytical framework which is capable of performing the predictive modelling in order to meet the contextual service development and delivery demands in distributed environment. The novelty of this model is its inclusion of contextual data aggregation, contextual constraint analysis, predictive maintenence, and self-adjusting machine which are core attributes of Industry 4.0 automation standards. The study outcome shows that proposed system offers 20% cost reduction and 89% of minimized service delivery time in contrast to existing related work. Same has been also observed in benchmarked outcomes with state-of-art models.
BahanbaKu: intuitive mobile application for buying recipe ingredients
Authors: Brata Komang Candra , Ramadhan Rigel Vibi , Nugraha Irvan Rizki , Zhafrant Rifqi Hilmy , Putra Ananda Ilyasa
Published: July 2024

Many solutions were proposed to help people get their food or recipe ingredients easily without having to go to the market in person. Especially for people who have limited time and energy to go out and buy groceries. However, the existing solutions still lack the intuitiveness for users to get the ingredient information of a food recipe and still can’t facilitate the customers to have an all-in-one solution to get the needed ingredients. This study aims to combine the machine learning modalities and image recognition approach to provide a mobile app that can help people find food recipes intuitively and provide a digital ecosystem that can accommodate collaboration between various business actors including the MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises). Instead of users buying items separately, the unique value of the proposed app (BahanbaKu) is that each of the ingredients needed by the user will be delivered in a single package. The preliminary evaluation result reveals that the accuracy of the proposed app is promising to assist people while getting recipe information for a particular food. The proposed app is also considered intuitive to the users with 81.7 SUS score.