bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mes réponses aux questions d’hommes, réels ou imaginaires, curieux de l’allaitement et de la parentalité
Authors: Prieur Régine
Published: June 2015

Des membres masculins du collège de Spirale ont bien voulu poser à Regine Prieur, qui accompagne des parents de bébés allaités depuis trente ans, des questions curieuses, naïves et ouvertes sur l’allaitement et ses liens avec la parentalité.
Parents et professionnels, tous experts ?
Authors: Coum Daniel
Published: June 2015

L’émergence d’un signifiant nouveau – parentalité – dans le discours savant puis courant est à analyser comme un symptôme. Elle renseigne sur les effets, dans l’ordre symbolique, de ce que nous envisageons comme une mutation, celle de la famille en tant qu’elle impacte chacun – adultes, adolescents, enfants – dans le quotidien de son existence. Cette mutation renvoie à l’évidence d’une réalité sociale en mouvement – les configurations familiales et l’évolution de leurs formes : recomposition, monoparentalité, homoparentalité, etc. Mais elle concerne d’abord et avant tout les conditions de possibilité de la formation du Sujet, enjeu anthropologique et problématique humaine essentiels pour les psychologues cliniciens et psychanalystes en tout premier lieu, mais également et de manière plus générale pour les praticiens du social, de l’éducation et du soin. Nous analyserons donc cette mutation d’un point de vue épistémologique, anthropologique et psychopathologique, afin d’en tirer quelques enseignements quant à la nécessaire évolution des conceptions que nous avons développées jusqu’ici, et qui portent sur la fonction des parents, la compétence parentale et les rapports parents/professionnels.
La coéducation en question : tous acteurs ?
Authors: Rayna Sylvie
Published: June 2015

Si toute éducation est coéducation, les protagonistes concernés, et en particulier les parents, les enfants, les professionnels de la petite enfance, en sont-ils toujours les acteurs ? Comment peuvent-ils développer leur capacité et leur pouvoir d’agir ? Des expériences, réalisées à différentes échelles mais au sein de dynamiques démocratiques participatives, ici et ailleurs, indiquent des pistes…
Dis Gérard, c’est quoi, la parentalité ?
Authors: Neyrand Gérard
Published: June 2015

Définir la parentalité constitue une opération très délicate, car l’irruption de ce terme dans les discours publics dans les années 1980 masque son emploi très antérieur dans des disciplines aussi diverses que l’anthropologie, la psychanalyse et la sociologie. Y participent aussi bien ce que l’on désigne comme les fonctions parentales, les liens parent-enfant, la structure des rapports sociaux, et leurs expressions dans la dynamique de parentalisation. Mais ce qui en fait sa modernité est sa prise dans une politique qui érige le parentalisme en moyen de gestion des populations, et qui a organisé le développement du soutien et de l’accompagnement à la parentalité.
Les parents nouveaux ont-ils de l’avenir ?
Authors: Sanguet Marcel
Published: June 2015

Les parents nouveaux apparaissent comme soumis à une illusion de toute-puissance concernant le développement de leur enfant. Cette croyance que l’enfant pourrait ne pas échapper à leur volonté a pour conséquence une angoisse importante de mal faire ou de faire du mal à l’enfant. Les parents nouveaux vont donc multiplier les demandes de conseils, recettes et autres techniques de coaching pour tenter de garder emprise sur l’enfant. La métaphore d’une maman crocodile soudainement pourvue d’un inconscient accompagnera la réflexion.
Les parents, c’est dramatique
Authors: Végis Graziella
Published: June 2015

Au théâtre comme dans la vraie vie, il y a toutes sortes de parents. Comment sont perçus les parents aujourd’hui, au théâtre ? Comment les auteurs les représentent-ils ? Qu’est-ce qui fait théâtre chez les parents d’aujourd’hui ? Quelques bribes de réponses sont données ici au regard d’un corpus composé de vingt textes et dix-sept auteurs de théâtre contemporains, puisés dans le répertoire très jeune des textes dramatiques écrits à l’adresse des enfants et des jeunes aujourd’hui.
La petite musique parentale
Authors: Bouteloup Philippe
Published: June 2015

La musique est une composante importante de la vie de l’enfant et de son développement. Comment les parents peuvent-ils accompagner l’enfant dans sa découverte du monde sonore ? Peuvent-ils trouver un équilibre entre être initiateur, accompagnateur et instigateur ?
Parentalité, migration et exil, comment prendre soin des parents ?
Authors: Mestre Claire
Published: June 2015

Des familles migrantes et exilées sont accueillies dans nos consultations transculturelles. Notre dispositif groupal comporte en son sein une diversité professionnelle incluant des psychothérapeutes, des anthropologues et des interprètes et une méthodologie, le complémentarisme, qui permet l’utilisation non simultanée de l’anthropologie et de la psychanalyse. Ainsi, je propose, à partir de notre clinique transculturelle, d’exposer les quelques questions qui fondent l’idée de la famille : celles concernant le couple, l’accueil d’un enfant, le don d’enfants. Si les questions sont universelles, les réponses ne sont pas les mêmes ici et ailleurs. De plus, la migration bouscule les repères et induit l’acculturation ; l’exil menace de disloquer les liens. Pour chaque situation familiale rencontrée, il faut nous décentrer par rapport à nos concepts qui fondent notre compréhension de la formation de la famille. Le cadre, outre la référence méthodologique, comprend aussi cette capacité à penser l’autre et à le respecter ; nous retiendrons une situation clinique où le groupe thérapeutique mettra en œuvre sa capacité contenante et pare-excitante pour protéger les liens familiaux face à la menace.
Être parent : entre nature et culture
Authors: Dayan Jacques
Published: June 2015

L’état d’être parent est à l’intersection de faits culturels et biologiques. La complexité de ces interactions oblige le sujet humain à un travail de représentation qui, basé sur une conception spécifiquement culturelle du fait biologique, construit des normes remaniées tout à la fois par la science et par l’évolution des mœurs.
Ranking de universidades chilenas: un análisis multivariado
Authors: Firinguetti Limone Luis , Yáñez Alvarado Miguel
Published: June 2015

En este trabajo se elabora un ranking de las universidades chilenas en base a información pública disponible. Dicho ranking toma en cuenta el carácter multivariado de estas instituciones. Además, se ha comprobado que los resultados del ranking son consistentes con un conocido ranking internacional construido a partir de un conjunto diferente de datos y con varios análisis multivariados realizados de la información tratada en este estudio.
La Gestión de la colección en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas. Planes y normativas (III): evaluación y expurgo
Authors: Herrera Morillas José Luis
Published: June 2015

Este artículo recoge la tercera y última parte del trabajo de investigación dedicado al estudio de la gestión de la colección en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas a partir del análisis de los planes y normativas elaborados por estas bibliotecas. En los anteriores trabajos se ha abordado la selección y la adquisición. Ahora se estudian dieciocho textos que regulan la evaluación y el expurgo de colecciones en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas.
Análisis del patrimonio artístico de Granada a través de la documentación fotográfica
Authors: López-Ávila María Begoña
Published: June 2015

Este trabajo de investigación diseña una base de datos de documentación fotográfica sobre un conjunto de monumentos de Granada, para analizar y reflejar la evolución de este patrimonio. Este material analizado e interpretado se recoge en una base de datos documental permitiendo recuperar información a cualquier usuario interesado. La metodología planteada se basa en propuestas metodológicas de análisis documental, proponiendo un nuevo modelo para la interpretación histórico-artística. La evaluación de la base de datos se basa en una serie de consultas realizadas por usuarios, cuyas respuestas son valoradas con las métricas de exhaustividad y precisión, y sus resultados son: la mayoría de los documentos recuperados satisfacen las necesidades de información de los usuarios y el índice de exhaustividad es alto. Las conclusiones extraídas son: la demostración de la eficacia y funcionalidad del diseño de la base de datos, y de aspectos mejorables.
Evolución del mercado de la información electrónica: desde los orígenes hasta el auge del sector infomediario
Authors: Hípola Pedro , Muñoz-Cañavate Antonio
Published: June 2015

En la actualidad se habla de la existencia del denominado sector infomediario, un segmento de la industria de los contenidos digitales cuyo crecimiento ha sido propiciado por los recientes textos legales que regulan la reutilización de una parte de la información generada por el sector público. Si se analiza el listado de empresas que componen este sector se observa que muchas de ellas proceden de lo que se ha conocido desde hace décadas con el nombre de industria de la información electrónica. En este artículo se analiza el nacimiento y desarrollo de esa industria, tanto a escala mundial como dentro del contexto español, para evaluar cuáles han sido los procesos y organizaciones que han servido para facilitar que se pongan las bases del llamado sector infomediario. Al realizar dicho estudio se observan trayectorias y dinámicas muy diferentes según cuál sea el ámbito geográfico que se considere.
Evaluación de “subject gateways”: propuesta metodológica y análisis longitudinal
Authors: Fernández-Ramos Andrés
Published: June 2015

Se realiza un diagnóstico de la calidad de 30 subject gateways en dos periodos de tiempo (2007 y 2012) con el fin de detectar sus puntos fuertes, sus debilidades y observar su evolución. Para ello se diseña y utiliza un cuestionario con 30 indicadores ponderados y agrupados en tres categorías: acceso a la información, gestión y administración y elementos de valor añadido. Se observó que había grandes diferencias entre unos subject gateways y otros y que la calidad media era buena en las dos primeras categorías, pero que había importantes carencias la última. En el periodo de tiempo estudiado no hay grandes variaciones, únicamente se aprecian mejoras en los servicios de valor añadido, pero sin que lleguen a ser significativas.
Las revistas universitarias en el marco de los criterios de evaluación de la actividad investigadora en España
Authors: Ruíz-Pérez Rafael , Martín-Martín Alberto , Delgado López-Cózar Emilio
Published: June 2015

La evaluación de la actividad investigadora en España mediante la “acreditación nacional” y los “sexenios de investigación”, no solo otorga reconocimiento personal y social a profesores e investigadores sino que condiciona su carrera académica, de ahí que se trate de un asunto polémico. Las críticas más contundentes se centran en las revistas científicas y la forma de evaluarlas, siendo las revistas universitarias las que se sienten especialmente perjudicadas frente a otros colectivos. Se explora la situación de las revistas universitarias españolas en relación con los criterios de evaluación de las agencias mediante distintos indicadores: regularidad, periodicidad, peer review, presencia en índices de impacto y situación en los sistemas de valoración. Los resultados detectan deficiencias importantes y la comparación entre revistas universitarias y no universitarias, aunque permite identificar diferencias, estas no son muy acusadas. Las conclusiones pueden ser de interés para que las agencias de evaluación rectifiquen los criterios que directa o indirectamente penalizan la edición universitaria.
Gestión de datos geográficos en bibliotecas universitarias españolas: Estado de la cuestión
Authors: Aguilar-Moreno Estefania , Granell-Canut Carlos
Published: June 2015

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una encuesta sobre la gestión de datos geográficos digitales en bibliotecas universitarias españolas. El objetivo de la investigación es averiguar en qué estado se encuentran las bibliotecas universitarias españolas en relación con la gestión de datos geográficos y cuáles pueden ser los factores limitantes para su desarrollo. Los resultados reflejan la percepción de las bibliotecas universitarias sobre cuál podría ser su rol dentro de la gestión de datos geográficos en el entorno universitario.
Findings Identifying How Administrative Leaders Might Recruit, Select, Train, Motivate, and Support Online Faculty
Authors: Portugal Lisa Marie
Published: June 2015

This study is a phenomenological study exploring faculty experiences teaching online coursework in master's programs in education. The study sought to understand and categorize learning factors that might produce stress and job burnout in the online instructional environment. In addition, the demands, expectations, and associated stress-producing factors in the online instructional environment were examined to distinguish best practices for online faculty. Moreover, attributes required by faculty best suited for the expectations and demands in distance learning were classified. Online faculty perspectives with teaching experience in the modality for three or more years generated the study's findings and insights. Stakeholders such as administrators, faculty trainers, faculty mentors, and faculty interested in employment in distance learning may find these insights useful to identify realistic criteria to base future decisions about teaching online, employment practices, hiring standards, and training opportunities. Insights about best practices, standards, and procedures have been articulated to assist in the development of administrative decisions, initial training programs, faculty mentor supports, and on-going faculty training.
Short and Long-term Effects of rTMS Treatment on Alzheimer's Disease at Different Stages: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rutherford Grant , Lithgow Brian , Moussavi Zahra
Published: June 2015

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) uses a magnetic coil to induce an electric field in brain tissue. As a pilot study, we investigated the effect of rTMS treatment on 10 volunteers with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a two-stage study. The first stage consisted of a double-blind crossover study with real and sham treatments. Each treatment block consisted of 13 sessions over 4 weeks. During each session, 2000 TMS pulses at 90%-100% of resting motor threshold were applied to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex bilaterally, and the patients were kept cognitively active by object/action naming during the treatment. The second stage was an open-label study, in which the same treatments were performed in 2-week blocks (10 sessions) approximately every 3 months as follow-up treatments on six of the volunteers, who completed the first stage of the study. Primary outcome measures were the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale. The secondary outcome measures were the Revised Memory and Behavior Checklist as well as our team's custom-designed cognitive assessments. The results showed a noticeably stronger improvement on all assessments during the real treatment as compared to the sham treatment. The changes in MOCA scores as well as our designed cognitive assessment were found to be statistically significant, with particularly strong results in the six volunteers who were in the early stages of the disease. The long-term trends observed in the second stage of the study also showed generally less decline than would be expected for their condition. It appears that rTMS can be an effective tool for improving the cognitive abilities of patients with early to moderate stages of AD. However, the positive effects of rTMS may persist for only up to a few weeks. Specific skills being practiced during rTMS treatment may retain their improvement for longer periods.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Balloon Dynamics by the Immersed Boundary Method Coupled to the Multiple-Relaxation-Time Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Wu Jiayang , Cheng Yongguang , Zhang Chunze , Diao Wei
Published: June 2015

The immersed boundary method (IBM) has been popular in simulating fluid structure interaction (FSI) problems involving flexible structures, and the recent introduction of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) into the IBM makes the method more versatile. In order to test the coupling characteristics of the IBM with the multiple-relaxation-time LBM (MRT-LBM), the three-dimensional (3D) balloon dynamics, including inflation, release and breach processes, are simulated. In this paper, some key issues in the coupling scheme, including the discretization of 3D boundary surfaces, the calculation of boundary force density, and the introduction of external force into the LBM, are described. The good volume conservation and pressure retention properties are verified by two 3D cases. Finally, the three FSI processes of a 3D balloon dynamics are simulated. The large boundary deformation and oscillation, obvious elastic wave propagation, sudden stress release at free edge, and recoil phenomena are all observed. It is evident that the coupling scheme of the IBM and MRT-LBM can handle complicated 3D FSI problems involving large deformation and large pressure gradients with very good accuracy and stability.
Comparison of Simulations of Convective Flows
Authors: Lallemand Pierre , Dubois François
Published: June 2015

We show that a single particle distribution for the “energy-conserving” D2Q13 lattice Boltzmann scheme can simulate coupled effects involving advection and diffusion of velocity and temperature. We consider various test cases: non-linear waves with periodic boundary conditions, a test case with buoyancy, propagation of transverse waves, Couette and Poiseuille flows. We test various boundary conditions and propose to mix bounce-back and anti-bounce-back numerical boundary conditions to take into account velocity and temperature Dirichlet conditions. We present also first results for the de Vahl Davis heated cavity. Our results are compared with the coupled D2Q9-D2Q5 lattice Boltzmann approach for the Boussinesq system and with an elementary finite differences solver for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Our main experimental result is the loss of symmetry in the de Vahl Davis cavity computed with the single D2Q13 lattice Boltzmann model without the Boussinesq hypothesis. This result is confirmed by a direct Navier Stokes simulation with finite differences.
A Fast and Rigorously Parallel Surface Voxelization Technique for GPU-Accelerated CFD Simulations
Authors: Janßen C. F. , Koliha N. , Rung T.
Published: June 2015

This paper presents a fast surface voxelization technique for the mapping of tessellated triangular surface meshes to uniform and structured grids that provide a basis for CFD simulations with the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The core algorithm is optimized for massively parallel execution on graphics processing units (GPUs) and is based on a unique dissection of the inner body shell. This unique definition necessitates a topology based neighbor search as a preprocessing step, but also enables parallel implementation. More specifically, normal vectors of adjacent triangular tessellations are used to construct half-angles that clearly separate the per-triangle regions. For each triangle, the grid nodes inside the axis-aligned bounding box (AABB) are tested for their distance to the triangle in question and for certain well-defined relative angles. The performance of the presented grid generation procedure is superior to the performance of the GPU-accelerated flow field computations per time step which allows efficient fluid-structure interaction simulations, without noticeable performance loss due to the dynamic grid update.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Empty Railway Freight Wagons
Authors: Kedare Shashank B. , Sharma S.C. , Harsha S.P.
Published: June 2015

Increase in the speed of train leads to aerodynamic problems. These problems occur due to turbulent behaviour of air flow around the train. So it is of great concern to study the dynamics of fluid flow. This paper deals with the dynamic analysis of empty freight wagons due to air turbulence using computational fluid dynamics. The effect of important aerodynamic coefficients such as aerodynamic drag, pressure distribution and velocity stream line has been studied on realistic and simplified freight train geometries. The geometry is a scaled model of freight open wagon typeâ€˜BOXN25â€™ from Indian Railways. The aerodynamic analysis for empty wagons shows that the critical stress zone and the air drag effect are comparable between the two considered geometries.
A Preliminary Study of Clinical Abbreviation Disambiguation in Real Time
Authors: Wu Y. , Denny J. C. , Rosenbloom S. T. , Miller R. A. , Giuse D. A. , Song M. , Xu H.
Published: June 2015

Objective: To save time, healthcare providers frequently use abbreviations while authoring clinical documents. Nevertheless, abbreviations that authors deem unambiguous often confuse other readers, including clinicians, patients, and natural language processing (NLP) systems. Most current clinical NLP systems “post-process” notes long after clinicians enter them into electronic health record systems (EHRs). Such post-processing cannot guarantee 100% accuracy in abbreviation identification and disambiguation, since multiple alternative interpretations exist.

Methods: Authors describe a prototype system for real-time Clinical Abbreviation Recognition and Disambiguation (rCARD) – i.e., a system that interacts with authors during note generation to verify correct abbreviation senses. The rCARD system design anticipates future integration with web-based clinical documentation systems to improve quality of healthcare records. When clinicians enter documents, rCARD will automatically recognize each abbreviation. For abbreviations with multiple possible senses, rCARD will show a ranked list of possible meanings with the best predicted sense at the top. The prototype application embodies three word sense disambiguation (WSD) methods to predict the correct senses of abbreviations. We then conducted three experments to evaluate rCARD, including 1) a performance evaluation of different WSD methods; 2) a time evaluation of real-time WSD methods; and 3) a user study of typing clinical sentences with abbreviations using rCARD.

Results: Using 4,721 sentences containing 25 commonly observed, highly ambiguous clinical abbreviations, our evaluation showed that the best profile-based method implemented in rCARD achieved a reasonable WSD accuracy of 88.8% (comparable to SVM – 89.5%) and the cost of time for the different WSD methods are also acceptable (ranging from 0.630 to 1.649 milliseconds within the same network). The preliminary user study also showed that the extra time costs by rCARD were about 5% of total document entry time and users did not feel a significant delay when using rCARD for clinical document entry.

Conclusion: The study indicates that it is feasible to integrate a real-time, NLP-enabled abbreviation recognition and disambiguation module with clinical documentation systems.

Citation: Wu Y, Denny JC, Rosenbloom ST, Miller RA, Giuse DA, Song M, Xu H. A preliminary study of clinical abbreviation disambiguation in real time. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 364–374

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-10-RA-0088
Biomass burning influence on high-latitude tropospheric ozone and reactive nitrogen in summer 2008: a multi-model analysis based on POLMIP simulations
Authors: Arnold S. R. , Emmons L. K. , Monks S. A. , Law K. S. , Ridley D. A. , Turquety S. , Tilmes S. , Thomas J. L. , Bouarar I. , Flemming J. , Huijnen V. , Mao J. , Duncan B. N. , Steenrod S. , Yoshida Y. , Langner J. , Long Y.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. We have evaluated tropospheric ozone enhancement in air dominated by biomass burning emissions at high latitudes (> 50° N) in July 2008, using 10 global chemical transport model simulations from the POLMIP multi-model comparison exercise. In model air masses dominated by fire emissions, ΔO3/ΔCO values ranged between 0.039 and 0.196 ppbv ppbv−1 (mean: 0.113 ppbv ppbv−1) in freshly fire-influenced air, and between 0.140 and 0.261 ppbv ppbv−1 (mean: 0.193 ppbv) in more aged fire-influenced air. These values are in broad agreement with the range of observational estimates from the literature. Model ΔPAN/ΔCO enhancement ratios show distinct groupings according to the meteorological data used to drive the models. ECMWF-forced models produce larger ΔPAN/ΔCO values (4.47 to 7.00 pptv ppbv−1) than GEOS5-forced models (1.87 to 3.28 pptv ppbv−1), which we show is likely linked to differences in efficiency of vertical transport during poleward export from mid-latitude source regions. Simulations of a large plume of biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions exported from towards the Arctic using a Lagrangian chemical transport model show that 4-day net ozone change in the plume is sensitive to differences in plume chemical composition and plume vertical position among the POLMIP models. In particular, Arctic ozone evolution in the plume is highly sensitive to initial concentrations of PAN, as well as oxygenated VOCs (acetone, acetaldehyde), due to their role in producing the peroxyacetyl radical PAN precursor. Vertical displacement is also important due to its effects on the stability of PAN, and subsequent effect on NOx abundance. In plumes where net ozone production is limited, we find that the lifetime of ozone in the plume is sensitive to hydrogen peroxide loading, due to the production of HOx from peroxide photolysis, and the key role of HO2 + O3 in controlling ozone loss. Overall, our results suggest that emissions from biomass burning lead to large-scale photochemical enhancement in high-latitude tropospheric ozone during summer.
An assessment of the performance of a 1.5 μm Doppler lidar for operational vertical wind profiling based on a 1-year trial
Authors: Päschke E. , Leinweber R. , Lehmann V.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. We present the results of a 1-year quasi-operational testing of the 1.5 μm StreamLine Doppler lidar developed by Halo Photonics from 2 October 2012 to 2 October 2013. The system was configured to continuously perform a velocity-azimuth display scan pattern using 24 azimuthal directions with a constant beam elevation angle of 75°. Radial wind estimates were selected using a rather conservative signal-to-noise ratio based threshold of −18.2 dB (0.015). A 30 min average profile of the wind vector was calculated based on the assumption of a horizontally homogeneous wind field through a Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse of the overdetermined linear system. A strategy for the quality control of the retrieved wind vector components is outlined for ensuring consistency between the Doppler lidar wind products and the inherent assumptions employed in the wind vector retrieval. Quality-controlled lidar measurements were compared with independent reference data from a collocated operational 482 MHz radar wind profiler running in a four-beam Doppler beam swinging mode and winds from operational radiosonde measurements. The intercomparison results reveal a particularly good agreement between the Doppler lidar and the radar wind profiler, with root mean square errors ranging between 0.5 and 0.7 m s−1 for wind speed and between 5 and 10° for wind direction. The median of the half-hourly averaged wind speed for the intercomparison data set is 8.2 m s−1, with a lower quartile of 5.4 m s−1 and an upper quartile of 11.6 m s−1.
Comparison of operational satellite SO2 products with ground-based observations in northern Finland during the Icelandic Holuhraun fissure eruption
Authors: Ialongo I. , Hakkarainen J. , Kivi R. , Anttila P. , Krotkov N. A. , Yang K. , Li C. , Tukiainen S. , Hassinen S. , Tamminen J.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. This paper shows the results of the comparison of satellite SO2 observations from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and OMPS (Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite) with ground-based measurements during the Icelandic Holuhraun fissure eruption in September 2014. The volcanic plume reached Finland on several days during the month of September. The SO2 total columns from the Brewer direct sun (DS) measurements in Sodankylä (67.42° N, 26.59° E), northern Finland, are compared to the satellite data. The operational satellite SO2 products are evaluated for high latitude conditions (e.g. large solar zenith angle, SZA). The results show that the best agreement can be found for lowest SZAs, close-to-nadir satellite pixels, cloud fraction below 0.3 and small distance between the station and the centre of the pixel. Under good retrieval conditions, the difference between satellite data and Brewer measurements remains mostly below the uncertainty on the satellite SO2 retrievals (up to about 2 DU at high latitudes). The satellite products assuming a priori profile with SO2 predominantly in the planetary boundary layer give total column values with the best agreement with the ground-based data. The analysis of the SO2 surface concentrations at four air quality stations in northern Finland shows that the volcanic plume coming from Iceland was located very close to the surface. This is connected to the fact that this was a fissure eruption and most of the SO2 was emitted into the troposphere. This is an exceptional case because the SO2 volcanic emissions directly affect the air quality levels at surface in an otherwise pristine environment like northern Finland. The time evolution of the SO2 concentrations peaks during the same days when large SO2 total column values are measured by the Brewer in Sodankylä and enhanced SO2 signal is visible over northern Finland from the satellite maps. Thus, the satellite retrievals were able to detect the spatiotemporal evolution of the volcanic plume as compared to the surface observations. Furthermore, direct-broadcast SO2 satellite data (from both OMI and OMPS instruments) are compared for the first time against ground-based observations.
Positive trends in organic carbon storage in Swedish agricultural soils due to unexpected socio-economic drivers
Authors: Poeplau C. , Bolinder M. A. , Eriksson J. , Lundblad M. , Kätterer T.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle as a potential sink or source. Land management influences SOC storage, so the European Parliament decided in 2013 that changes in carbon stocks within a certain land use type, including arable land, must be reported by all member countries in their national inventory reports for greenhouse gas emissions. Here we show the temporal dynamics of SOC during the past 2 decades in Swedish agricultural soils, based on soil inventories conducted in 1988–1997 (Inventory I), 2001–2007 (Inventory II) and from 2010 onwards (Inventory III), and link SOC changes with trends in agricultural management. From Inventory I to Inventory II, SOC increased in 16 out of 21 Swedish counties, while from Inventory I to Inventory III it increased in 18 out of 21 counties. Mean topsoil (0–20 cm) SOC concentration for the entire country increased from 2.48 to 2.67% C (a relative increase of 7.7%, or 0.38% yr−1) over the whole period. We attributed this to a substantial increase in ley as a proportion of total agricultural area in all counties. The horse population in Sweden has more than doubled since 1981 and was identified as the main driver for this management change (R2 = 0.72). Due to subsidies introduced in the early 1990s, the area of long-term set-aside (mostly old leys) also contributed to the increase in area of ley. The carbon sink function of Swedish agricultural soils demonstrated in this study differs from trends found in neighbouring countries. This indicates that country-specific or local socio-economic drivers for land management must be accounted for in larger-scale predictions.
Modelling the effect of soil moisture and organic matter degradation on biogenic NO emissions from soils in Sahel rangeland (Mali)
Authors: Delon C. , Mougin E. , Serça D. , Grippa M. , Hiernaux P. , Diawara M. , Galy-Lacaux C. , Kergoat L.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. This work is an attempt to provide seasonal variation of biogenic NO emission fluxes in a Sahelian rangeland in Mali (Agoufou, 15.34° N, 1.48° W) for years 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Indeed, NO is one of the most important precursors for tropospheric ozone, and previous studies have shown that arid areas potentially display significant NO emissions (due to both biotic and abiotic processes). Previous campaigns in the Sahel suggest that the contribution of this region in emitting NO is no longer considered as negligible. However, very few data are available in this region, therefore this study focuses on model development. The link between NO production in the soil and NO release to the atmosphere is investigated in this modelling study, by taking into account vegetation litter production and degradation, microbial processes in the soil, emission fluxes, and environmental variables influencing these processes, using a coupled vegetation–litter decomposition–emission model. This model includes the Sahelian Transpiration Evaporation and Productivity (STEP) model for the simulation of herbaceous, tree leaf and faecal masses, the GENDEC model (GENeral DEComposition) for the simulation of the buried litter decomposition and microbial dynamics, and the NO emission model (NOFlux) for the simulation of the NO release to the atmosphere. Physical parameters (soil moisture and temperature, wind speed, sand percentage) which affect substrate diffusion and oxygen supply in the soil and influence the microbial activity, and biogeochemical parameters (pH and fertilization rate related to N content) are necessary to simulate the NO flux. The reliability of the simulated parameters is checked, in order to assess the robustness of the simulated NO flux. Simulated yearly average of NO flux ranges from 2.09 to 3.04 ng(N) m−2 s−1 (0.66 to 0.96 kg(N) ha−1 yr−1), and wet season average ranges from 3.36 to 5.48 ng(N) m−2 s−1 (1.06 to 1.73 kg(N) ha−1 yr−1). These results are of the same order as previous measurements made in several sites where the vegetation and the soil are comparable to the ones in Agoufou. This coupled vegetation–litter decomposition–emission model could be generalized at the scale of the Sahel region, and provide information where few data are available.
WETCHIMP-WSL: intercomparison of wetland methane emissions models over West Siberia
Authors: Bohn T. J. , Melton J. R. , Ito A. , Kleinen T. , Spahni R. , Stocker B. D. , Zhang B. , Zhu X. , Schroeder R. , Glagolev M. V. , Maksyutov S. , Brovkin V. , Chen G. , Denisov S. N. , Eliseev A. V. , Gallego-Sala A. , McDonald K. C. , Rawlins M.A. , Riley W. J. , Subin Z. M. , Tian H. , Zhuang Q. , Kaplan J. O.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Wetlands are the world's largest natural source of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. The strong sensitivity of methane emissions to environmental factors such as soil temperature and moisture has led to concerns about potential positive feedbacks to climate change. This risk is particularly relevant at high latitudes, which have experienced pronounced warming and where thawing permafrost could potentially liberate large amounts of labile carbon over the next 100 years. However, global models disagree as to the magnitude and spatial distribution of emissions, due to uncertainties in wetland area and emissions per unit area and a scarcity of in situ observations. Recent intensive field campaigns across the West Siberian Lowland (WSL) make this an ideal region over which to assess the performance of large-scale process-based wetland models in a high-latitude environment. Here we present the results of a follow-up to the Wetland and Wetland CH4 Intercomparison of Models Project (WETCHIMP), focused on the West Siberian Lowland (WETCHIMP-WSL). We assessed 21 models and 5 inversions over this domain in terms of total CH4 emissions, simulated wetland areas, and CH4 fluxes per unit wetland area and compared these results to an intensive in situ CH4 flux data set, several wetland maps, and two satellite surface water products. We found that (a) despite the large scatter of individual estimates, 12-year mean estimates of annual total emissions over the WSL from forward models (5.34 ± 0.54 Tg CH4 yr−1), inversions (6.06 ± 1.22 Tg CH4 yr−1), and in situ observations (3.91 ± 1.29 Tg CH4 yr−1) largely agreed; (b) forward models using surface water products alone to estimate wetland areas suffered from severe biases in CH4 emissions; (c) the interannual time series of models that lacked either soil thermal physics appropriate to the high latitudes or realistic emissions from unsaturated peatlands tended to be dominated by a single environmental driver (inundation or air temperature), unlike those of inversions and more sophisticated forward models; (d) differences in biogeochemical schemes across models had relatively smaller influence over performance; and (e) multiyear or multidecade observational records are crucial for evaluating models' responses to long-term climate change.
Relationships between burned area, forest cover loss and land use change in the Brazilian Amazon based on satellite data
Authors: Fanin T. , van der Werf G. R.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Fires are used as a tool in the deforestation process. Yet, the relationship between fire and deforestation may vary temporally and spatially depending on the type of deforestation and climatic conditions. This study evaluates spatiotemporal dynamics of deforestation and fire represented by burned area over the 2002–2012 period in the Brazilian Legal Amazon. As a first step, we compared newly available Landsat-based maps of gross forest cover loss from the Global Forest Change (GFC) project with maps of deforestation extent from the Amazon Deforestation Monitoring Project (PRODES) produced by the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE). As a second step, we rescaled the Landsat-based data to the 500 m resolution of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area data (MCD64A1) and stratified this using MODIS land cover data to study the role of burned area in forest cover loss and deforestation. We found that while GFC forest cover loss and PRODES deforestation generally agreed on spatial and temporal dynamics, there were several key differences between the datasets. Both showed a decrease in the extent of forest cover loss or deforestation after 2004, but the drop was larger and more continuous in PRODES than in GFC. The observed decrease in forest cover loss or deforestation rates over our study period was mainly due to lower clearing rates in the evergreen broadleaf forests in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia. GFC indicated anomalous high forest cover loss in the years 2007 and 2010 not reported by PRODES. The burned area data showed that this was predominantly related to increased fire activity occurring outside of the tropical forest area during these dry years, mainly in Pará. This indicates that fire and forest loss dynamics in woodlands or secondary forests may be equally important as deforestation in regulating atmospheric CO2 concentrations. In addition to the decrease in forest cover loss rates, we also found that post-deforestation fire use declined; burned area within 5 years after forest cover loss decreased from 54 to 39% during our study period.
Bottom water variability in the subtropical northwestern Pacific from 26 kyr BP to present based on Mg / Ca and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of benthic foraminifera
Authors: Kubota Y. , Kimoto K. , Itaki T. , Yokoyama Y. , Miyairi Y. , Matsuzaki H.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. To understand bottom water variability in the subtropical northwestern Pacific, bottom water temperatures (BWTs), carbon isotopes (δ13C), and oxygen isotopes of seawater (δ18Ow) at a water depth of 1166 m were reconstructed from 26 kyr BP to present. A new regional Mg / Ca calibration for the benthic foraminifera Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (type B) was established to convert the benthic Mg / Ca value to BWT, based on 26 surface sediment samples and two core-top samples retrieved around Okinawa Island. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the δ18Ow in the intermediate water in the northwestern South Pacific was ~0.4‰ lower than in the deep South Pacific, indicating a greater vertical salinity gradient than at present. This salinity (and probably density) structure would have led to stratification in the intermediate and deep Pacific, which would, in turn, have greatly influenced carbon storage during the glacial time. The benthic Mg / Ca and δ18Ow records suggest changes that seem to follow Heinrich event 1 (H1) and the Bølling–Alleød (B/A) and Younger Dryas (YD) intervals, with BWT higher during H1 (~17 kyr BP) and YD (~12 kyr BP) and lower during B/A (~14 kyr BP). The warming in the bottom water during H1 suggests increased contribution of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) to the subtropical northwestern Pacific and decreased upwelling of cooler waters from the abyssal North Pacific. During the interval from 17 to 14.5 kyr BP, the BWT tended to decrease successively in association with a decrease in δ13C values, presumably as a result of increased upwelling of the abyssal waters to the intermediate depths of the North Pacific caused by shoaling and enhancement of the southward return flow of Pacific Deep Water (PDW). During the Holocene, the millennial- to sub-millennial-scale variations in the BWT generally correlate with the sea surface temperatures in the Okhotsk Sea, the source region of the NPIW, suggesting that changes in the BWT are linked to changes in the NPIW production rate.
Surface seiches in Flathead Lake
Authors: Kirillin G. , Lorang M. S. , Lippmann T. C. , Gotschalk C. C. , Schimmelpfennig S.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Standing surface waves or seiches are inherent hydrodynamic features of enclosed water bodies. Their two-dimensional structure is important for estimating flood risk, coastal erosion, and bottom sediment transport, and for understanding shoreline habitats and lake ecology in general. In this work, we present analysis of two-dimensional seiche characteristics in Flathead Lake, Montana, USA, a large intermountain lake known to have high seiche amplitudes. To examine spatial characteristics of different seiche modes, we used the original procedure of determining the seiche frequencies from the primitive equation model output with subsequent derivation of the spatial seiche structure at fixed frequencies akin to the tidal harmonic analysis. The proposed procedure revealed specific seiche oscillation features in Flathead Lake, including maximum surface level amplitudes of the first fundamental mode in straights around the largest island; several higher modes appearing locally in the vicinity of the river inflow; the "Helmholtz" open harbor mode, with the period approximately twice that of the longest seiche mode, generated by a large shallow bay connected to the main lake basin; and several rotating seiche modes potentially affecting the lake-wide circulation. We discuss lake management problems related to the spatial seiche distribution, such as shoreline erosion, floods, and transport of sediments and invasive species in Flathead Lake.
Identification of spatiotemporal patterns of biophysical droughts in semi-arid region – a case study of the Karkheh river basin in Iran
Authors: Kamali B. , Abbaspour K. C. , Lehmann A. , Wehrli B. , Yang H.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. This study aims at identifying historical patterns of meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural (inclusively biophysical) droughts in the Karkheh River Basin (KRB), one of the nine benchmark watersheds of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. Standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized runoff index (SRI), and soil moisture deficit index (SMDI) were used to represent the above three types of droughts, respectively. The three drought indices were compared across temporal and spatial dimensions. Variables required for calculating the indices were obtained from the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) constructed for the region. The model was calibrated based on monthly runoff and yearly wheat yield using the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) algorithm. Five meteorological drought events were identified in the studied period (1980–2004), of which four corresponded with the hydrological droughts with 1–3 month lag. The meteorological droughts corresponded well with the agricultural droughts during dry months (May–August), while the latter lasted for a longer period of time. Analysis of drought patterns showed that southern parts of the catchment were more prone to agricultural drought, while less influenced by hydrological drought. Our analyses highlighted the necessity for monitoring all three aspects of drought for a more effective watershed management. The analysis on different types of droughts in this study provides a framework for assessing their possible impacts under future climate change in semi-arid areas.
An improved method for the determination of dissolved nitric oxide (NO) in seawater samples
Authors: Lutterbeck H. E. , Bange H. W.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived intermediate of the oceanic nitrogen cycle, however, due to its high reactivity, measurements of dissolved NO in seawater are rare. Here we present an improved method to determine NO concentrations in discrete seawater samples. The set-up of our system consisted of a chemiluminescence NO analyser connected to a stripping unit. The limit of detection for our method was 5 pmol NO in aqueous solution which translates into 0.25 nmol L−1 when using a 20 mL seawater sample volume. Our method was applied to measure high resolution depth profiles of dissolved NO during a cruise to the eastern tropical South Pacific Ocean. Our method is fast and comparably easy to handle thus it opens the door for deciphering the distribution of NO in the ocean and it facilitates laboratory studies on NO pathways.
Revealing the deeper structure of the end-glacial Pärvie fault system in northern Sweden by seismic reflection profiling
Authors: Ahmadi O. , Juhlin C. , Ask M. , Lund B.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. A new seismic reflection survey for imaging deeper levels of the end-glacial Pärvie fault system in northern Sweden was acquired in June 2014. The Pärvie fault system hosts the largest fault scarp so far documented in northern Scandinavia, both in terms of its length and calculated magnitude of the earthquake that generated it. Present-day microearthquakes occur along the length of the fault scarp on the eastern side of the scarp, in general agreement with an east-dipping main fault. In the central section of the fault system, where there is a number of subsidiary faults east of the main Pärvie scarp, it has been unclear how the earthquakes relate to the structures mapped at the surface. A seismic profile across the Pärvie fault system acquired in 2007, with a mechanical hammer as a source, showed a good correlation between the surface mapped faults and moderate to steeply dipping reflections. The most pronounced reflectors could be mapped to about 3 km depth. In the new seismic survey, for deeper penetration an explosive source with a maximum charge size of 8.34 kg in 20 m deep shot holes was used. Reflectors can now be traced to deeper levels with the main 65° east-dipping fault interpreted as a weakly reflective structure. As in the previous profile, there is a strongly reflective 60° west-dipping structure present to the east of the main fault that can now be mapped to about 8 km depth. Extrapolations of the main and subsidiary faults converge at a depth of about 11.5 km, where current earthquake activity is concentrated, suggesting their intersection has created favorable conditions for seismic stress release. Based on the present and previous seismic reflection data, we propose potential locations for future boreholes for scientific drilling into the fault system. These boreholes will provide a better understanding of the reflective nature of the fault structures and stress fields along the faults at depth.