bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale alterations in GABAB receptors and GIRK channel organization on the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Martín-Belmonte Alejandro , Aguado Carolina , Alfaro-Ruiz Rocío , Moreno-Martínez Ana Esther , de la Ossa Luis , Aso Ester , Gómez-Acero Laura , Shigemoto Ryuichi , Fukazawa Yugo , Ciruela Francisco , Luján Rafael
Published: September 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by a reorganization of brain activity determining network hyperexcitability and loss of synaptic plasticity. Precisely, a dysfunction in metabotropic GABAB receptor signalling through G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK or Kir3) channels on the hippocampus has been postulated. Thus, we determined the impact of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology in GIRK channel density, subcellular distribution, and its association with GABAB receptors in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from the APP/PS1 mouse model using quantitative SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labelling (SDS-FRL) and proximity ligation in situ assay (P-LISA). In wild type mice, single SDS-FRL detection revealed a similar dendritic gradient for GIRK1 and GIRK2 in CA1 pyramidal cells, with higher densities in spines, and GIRK3 showed a lower and uniform distribution. Double SDS-FRL showed a co-clustering of GIRK2 and GIRK1 in post- and presynaptic compartments, but not for GIRK2 and GIRK3. Likewise, double GABAB1 and GIRK2 SDS-FRL detection displayed a high degree of co-clustering in nanodomains (40–50 nm) mostly in spines and axon terminals. In APP/PS1 mice, the density of GIRK2 and GIRK1, but not for GIRK3, was significantly reduced along the neuronal surface of CA1 pyramidal cells and in axon terminals contacting them. Importantly, GABAB1 and GIRK2 co-clustering was not present in APP/PS1 mice. Similarly, P-LISA experiments revealed a significant reduction in GABAB1 and GIRK2 interaction on the hippocampus of this animal model. Overall, our results provide compelling evidence showing a significant reduction on the cell surface density of pre- and postsynaptic GIRK1 and GIRK2, but not GIRK3, and a decline in GABAB receptors and GIRK2 channels co-clustering in hippocampal pyramidal neurons from APP/PS1 mice, thus suggesting that a disruption in the GABAB receptor–GIRK channel membrane assembly causes dysregulation in the GABAB signalling via GIRK channels in this AD animal model.
Disparities in years of potential life lost among racial and ethnic groups in Washington state
Authors: Amiri Solmaz , Stanley Sandte L. , Denney Justin T. , Buchwald Dedra
Published: September 2022

Background

The disproportionate mortality burden racial and ethnic groups endure compared to their non-Hispanic white (NHW) counterparts is a widely known public health issue in the United States.

Methods

We examined disparities in premature mortality through a measure of years of potential life lost (YPLL) among racial and ethnic groups after accounting for individual and place-based risk factors. Data were nearly 400,000 geocoded death records from Washington state mortality records from 2011 to 2018. Decedent records included information on marital status and educational attainment at time of death. We linked these records to census tract indicators of rurality and area deprivation based on residential longitude and latitude coordinates at time of death. We conducted censored Poisson regression to test adjusted associations between racial and ethnic identity and YPLL.

Results

Relative to non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, American Indian and Alaska Natives, Asian or other Pacific Islanders, multiracial, and Hispanic decedents had significantly higher rates of YPLL. Controlling for sociodemographic factors reduced but did not eliminate the disparities in YPLL between non-Hispanic whites and other racial and ethnic groups. Controlling for place-based risk factors did not further attenuate differences.

Conclusions

Racial and ethnic minorities suffer disproportionately from premature mortality. Researchers and policy makers must recognize the disproportionate risks to premature mortality and work together to alleviate them through the delivery of better and more accessible targeted services.
Bioelectronic multifunctional bone implants: recent trends
Authors: Soares dos Santos Marco P. , Bernardo Rodrigo M. C.
Published: September 2022

The concept of Instrumented Smart Implant emerged as a leading research topic that aims to revolutionize the field of orthopaedic implantology. These implants have been designed incorporating biophysical therapeutic actuation, bone-implant interface sensing, implant-clinician communication and self-powering ability. The ultimate goal is to implement revist interface, controlled by clinicians/surgeons without troubling the quotidian activities of patients. Developing such high-performance technologies is of utmost importance, as bone replacements are among the most performed surgeries worldwide and implant failure rates can still exceed 10%. In this review paper, an overview to the major breakthroughs carried out in the scope of multifunctional smart bone implants is provided. One can conclude that many challenges must be overcome to successfully develop them as revision-free implants, but their many strengths highlight a huge potential to effectively establish a new generation of high-sophisticated biodevices.
Detection and characterization of rice orange leaf phytoplasma infection in rice and Recilia dorsalis
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Ji Zhenxi , Huang Zhejun , Zhao Yibing , Wang Huanqin , Jiang Zhoumian , Li Zhanpeng , Chen Hongyan , Chen Wenle , Wei Taiyun
Published: September 2022

Phytoplasmas are small bacterial parasites that lack cell walls and are transmitted in a persistent-propagative manner by insect vectors. However, detailed multiplication patterns and movements of phytoplasmas within host plant and insect vector remain elusive. In this study, a specific antibody against the immunodominant membrane protein (Imp) of rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROLP) was generated and subjected to the frozen section immune gold labeling assay, immune gold labeling microscopy, and immune fluorescence labeling assay to investigate how ROLP enters, propagates, and spreads in rice and its leafhopper vector Recilia dorsalis at the ultrastructural level. During acquisition and transmission by insect vectors, ROLPs could squeeze and penetrate the multiple membrane/tissue barriers such as microvilli, apical plasmalemma, and basal lamina in the intestines or salivary glands by endocytosis- and exocytosis-like mechanism. Furthermore, ROLP infection is restricted to the type IV and V cells of salivary glands. In contrast to the classical binary fission used by most bacteria, electron microscopy reveals that ROLP exploits an asymmetrical budding strategy to replicate in plant hosts and insect vectors. In this process, a cellular protrusion of ROLP forms a bud to reproduce the offspring by fission at the junction between the bud and the ROLP main body. These results clarify the infection characteristics of ROLP in rice and R. dorsalis, which will help guide the formulation of ROLP prevention and control strategies.
Vesicle trafficking and vesicle fusion: mechanisms, biological functions, and their implications for potential disease therapy
Authors: Cui Lele , Li Hao , Xi Yufeng , Hu Qianli , Liu Huimin , Fan Jiaqi , Xiang Yijuan , Zhang Xing , Shui Weiwei , Lai Ying
Published: September 2022

Intracellular vesicle trafficking is the fundamental process to maintain the homeostasis of membrane-enclosed organelles in eukaryotic cells. These organelles transport cargo from the donor membrane to the target membrane through the cargo containing vesicles. Vesicle trafficking pathway includes vesicle formation from the donor membrane, vesicle transport, and vesicle fusion with the target membrane. Coat protein mediated vesicle formation is a delicate membrane budding process for cargo molecules selection and package into vesicle carriers. Vesicle transport is a dynamic and specific process for the cargo containing vesicles translocation from the donor membrane to the target membrane. This process requires a group of conserved proteins such as Rab GTPases, motor adaptors, and motor proteins to ensure vesicle transport along cytoskeletal track. Soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptors (SNARE)-mediated vesicle fusion is the final process for vesicle unloading the cargo molecules at the target membrane. To ensure vesicle fusion occurring at a defined position and time pattern in eukaryotic cell, multiple fusogenic proteins, such as synaptotagmin (Syt), complexin (Cpx), Munc13, Munc18 and other tethering factors, cooperate together to precisely regulate the process of vesicle fusion. Dysfunctions of the fusogenic proteins in SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion are closely related to many diseases. Recent studies have suggested that stimulated membrane fusion can be manipulated pharmacologically via disruption the interface between the SNARE complex and Ca2+ sensor protein. Here, we summarize recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of vesicle trafficking, and implications for the development of new therapeutics based on the manipulation of vesicle fusion.
Quantifying the fragmentation of polypropylene upon exposure to accelerated weathering
Authors: Meides Nora , Mauel Anika , Menzel Teresa , Altstädt Volker , Ruckdäschel Holger , Senker Jürgen , Strohriegl Peter
Published: September 2022

Polymers are omnipresent in our everyday lives. For specific applications, their properties can be extensively modified by various types of additives, e.g., processing stabilizers, antioxidants, UV-stabilizers, flame retardants, and plasticizers. While several additives are nowadays considered to be toxic or persistent in the environment, quantitative data characterizing plastic fragmentation and microplastic formation have not yet been discussed in detail. Here, we present a long-term, laboratory-controlled accelerated weathering study on polypropylene (PP) particles with and without processing stabilizers. We were able to identify the stabilizers as Irgafos® 168, and Irganox® 1010. For both PP sample sets, we monitored the degradation using a combination of various analytical methods, such as gel permeation chromatography, particle size distributions, scanning electron microscopy, solid-state 13C magic-angle spinning NMR and liquid-state 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The stabilizers prevent degradation by simulated solar radiation for about 350 h. Then, degradation sets in rapidly, leading to an exponential decrease in molecular weight and particle size, accompanied by an increase in crystallinity and the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups. After 3200 h, representing approximately 2 years of outdoor weathering, both PP samples exhibit comparable characteristics and sizes, regardless if a stabilizer was initially present. During degradation, an extremely large number of 100,000 daughter particles (4 µm) are formed and released from one MP particle of 192 µm diameter. Their physical properties and chemical composition have largely changed, resulting in a very low molecular weight and a hydrophilic character. These particles no longer resemble pristine PP. We thus expect them to be more prone to biodegradation compared to the starting material.
Clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy combined with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in high-risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhang Peng , Cai Shengyong , Yan Chengquan , Li Lin
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NCHT) combined with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in high-risk prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was used in this study. Eighty patients with high-risk PCa treated in Tangshan Gongren Hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The control group was given neoadjuvant endocrine therapy, while the research group was added NCHT to the control group. Three months later, the patients of two groups underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. The changes of surgical indicators, adverse drug reactions, incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms, biochemical recurrence rate after follow-up, PSA progression-free survival and incidence of surgical complications were compared between the two groups.

Results: After NCHT, the PSA level and prostate volume in the research group decreased significantly than those in the control group (P = 0.00). Surgical duration, postoperative hospital stay and retention time of drainage tube were significantly shorter and intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the research group than those in the control group (P = 0.00). The incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms, biochemical recurrence and surgical complications in the research group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the early recovery rate of urinary control and progression-free survival were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: NCHT combined with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a safe and effective treatment for high-risk PCa, which is worthy of promotion in clinical practice.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5469

How to cite this:Zhang P, Cai S, Yan C, Li L. Clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy combined with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in high-risk Prostate Cancer. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5469

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Regulation and roles of mitochondrial metabolism in ageing and stress
Authors: Γκίκας Ηλίας
Published: September 2022

Τα μιτοχόνδρια συμμετέχουν σε σημαντικές κυτταρικές λειτουργίες, με κύρια την παραγωγή ενέργειας μέσω της αναπνευστικής αλυσίδας. Δυσλειτουργίες στα μιτοχόνδρια εντοπίζονται κατά την διάρκεια της γήρανσης και σχετίζονται με μεταβολικές διαταραχές, καρκίνο και νευροεκφυλιστικές ασθένειες όπως η νόσος Parkinson’s και Alzheimer’s, μεταξύ άλλων. Για την διατήρηση της ομοιόστασης σε περιόδους στρες ή κατά την διάρκεια της γήρανσης, τα κύτταρα έχουν αναπτύξει διάφορους μηχανισμούς ποιοτικού ελέγχου που ρυθμίζουν την απομάκρυνση των δυσλειτουργικών μιτοχονδρίων (μέσω μιτοφαγίας) αλλά και την βιογένεση νέων μιτοχονδρίων. Σκοπός του πρώτου μέρους της διατριβής είναι η μελέτη του ρόλου των μηχανισμών εισόδου πρωτεϊνών στα μιτοχόνδρια (mitochondrial protein import system) στην γήρανση του νηματώδους Caenorhabditis elegans. Η δουλειά μας καταδεικνύει πως οι μηχανισμοί εισόδου πρωτεϊνών στα μιτοχόνδρια καθορίζουν τον αριθμό και την λειτουργία των μιτοχονδρίων. Συγκεκριμένα, η μείωση του αριθμού των μιτοχονδρίων οδηγεί στην ενεργοποίηση της γλυκόλυσης καθώς και στην παραγωγή ενδιάμεσων προϊόντων, όπως το 3-φωσφογλυκερικό οξύ το οποίο χρησιμοποιείται για την de novo σύνθεση της σερίνης. Αυτός ο επαναπρογραμματισμός του μεταβολισμού είναι αρκετός για να επεκτείνει την διάρκεια ζωής του C. elegans. Σκοπός του δεύτερο μέρους της διατριβής είναι η μελέτη του ρόλου της μιτοχονδριακής λειτουργίας σε συνθήκες υποξίας. Από προηγούμενες μελέτες σε υποξικούς όγκους είχε προταθεί ότι τα μιτοχόνδρια έχουν παθητικό και όχι ενεργητικό ρόλο για την επιβίωση και εξέλιξη του όγκου. Αντιθέτως, τα ευρήματά μας αναδεικνύουν την αναγκαιότητα διατήρησης και προσαρμογής της μιτοχονδριακής λειτουργίας σε συνθήκες υποξίας. Συγκριμένα, βρήκαμε ότι η μεταφορά και σύνθεση των μιτοχονδριακών φωσφολιπιδίων συμβάλει στην προσαρμογή της μορφολογίας και της λειτουργίας των μιτοχονδρίων εξασφαλίζοντας έτσι την επιβίωση σε συνθήκες υποξίας. Τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής αναδεικνύουν τον ρόλο και την ρύθμιση των μιτοχονδρίων στην γήρανση και απόκριση σε στρες.
Records of antibodies in breast milk in postpartum women who have been vaccinated or exposed to COVID-19: A systematic review
Authors: Mardiyan Kurniawati Eighty , Rahmawati Nur Anisah
Published: September 2022

Background: Breast milk is a critical element in developing a baby's immunity through immune transfer. Antibodies are an essential unit of immunity against infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This paper explores antibodies in breast milk in postpartum women who have been vaccinated or exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Duration of antibody appearance was studied to determine the adequate time in transferring antibodies by breastfeeding.

Methods: Three databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, were used as sources of articles. Inclusion criteria applied in selecting articles were prospective observational study or experimental design study in English, evaluating antibodies in breast milk, and conducted between 2019–2021. Article quality and risk of bias were assessed with Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). The data found were synthesized in a narrative manner.

Results: This systematic review included 20 articles. A total of 306 postpartum women who were infected with COVID-19, 20 postpartum women who had viral symptoms and 495 postpartum women who had been vaccinated were studied. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were found in the breast milk of infected and vaccinated postpartum women. SARS CoV-2 infection is associated with the presence of IgA dominant, whereas vaccination is related to the presence of IgG dominant. Antibodies persisted from day 10 of onset to 10 months in infected postpartum women and started from three days to six weeks in vaccinated postpartum women. Meta-analysis could not be carried out due to the variety of articles.

Conclusions: Antibodies found in breast milk in infected and vaccinated postpartum women have different dominant types. Further research needs to be done regarding the mechanism of antibody transfer in breast milk, longer research duration and studies that directly examine the comparison of antibodies in breast milk in vaccinated and infected postpartum women.

Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022340859, 23 June 2022).
Case Report: Focal leptomeningeal disease, atypical cancer of unknown primary site
Authors: Vences Miguel A. , Araujo-Chumacero Mary M. , Urrunaga-Pastor Diego , Barreto Leila , Rodríguez-Kadota Liliana , Barreto-Acevedo Elliot , Saavedra-Rocha César , Quispe-Huamaní Elder V.
Published: September 2022

Background: Leptomeningeal metastasis is an infrequent form of cancer expression, and it has a poor prognosis due to its torpid evolution and its challenging diagnosis.

Case report: We report the case of a 68-year-old woman with rapidly progressing cognitive decline and focal epilepsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive gyriform hypersignal in the right precentral sulcus region, without mass effect, tenuous contrast uptake, and hydrocephalus with transependymal edema. The body tomographic study was negative for solid cancer and the 18F-FDG PET-CT revealed a severe hypermetabolism in the right lung upper lobe. These findings were suggestive of lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis. We performed a brain biopsy, finding atypical cells in the leptomeningeal region with positive immunohistochemical staining for CK7 and negative for CK20 corresponding to lung adenocarcinoma. The patient was evaluated in the oncology service and scheduled for radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Conclusions: Focal leptomeningeal disease is an entity that should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all cases of focal leptomeningitis. Timely diagnosis and adequate cancer management can increase patient survival.
Building synapses: Using a synthetic approach to bridge synaptic membranes
Authors: Kim Christina K. , Kolodkin Alex L. , Shen Kang , Stuber Garret D.
Published: September 2022

Synapses are specialized cellular junctions essential for communication between neurons. Synapse loss occurs in many neurodegenerative diseases. Harnessing our molecular knowledge of the development and maintenance of synapses, Suzuki et al. present the first comprehensive attempt to use a synthetic protein to bridge the pre- and postsynaptic membranes [1]. They show that this powerful approach can stimulate the formation of pre- and postsynaptic specializations in vitro, rescue synaptic deficits of mutant mice in vivo, and ameliorate synapse loss and behavioral abnormalities in both Alzheimer’s disease and spinal cord injury mouse models.
ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONSIBILITY OF FREIGHT FORWARDERS IN A NUMBER OF CIS COUNTRIES
Authors: Poliak Miloš , Salamakhina Ekaterina S.
Published: September 2022

This article raises the issue of the difference in the amount of the responsibility of freight forwarders in selected countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (hereinafter CIS). The purpose of this analysis is to determine and compare the amount of responsibility of freight forwarders in different countries. The collected information will be used in the future for the possibility of considering changes in the legislative norms governing international forwarding activities. The proposal to amend the legislative norms will contain the creation of uniform conditions for the responsibility of freight forwarders, regardless of which state the entrepreneur providing forwarding services is registered in, which will simplify the process of organizing the transportation of goods. The article presents the results of the analysis of the responsibility of freight forwarders in selected countries of the European Union (hereinafter the EU), which were identified in the framework of earlier studies. Further, the conditions of responsibility of freight forwarders in CIS countries were analyzed, which were established in accordance with the legislative norms regulating the freight forwarding process. Among other things, national associations of freight forwarders were identified and differences in the responsibilities of freight forwarders in freight forwarding contracts offered by these organizations were determined. Based on the results of the analysis, a comparison of the data obtained was carried out, which can be used for further, more in-depth study of the chosen topic.

Purpose. To analyze the responsibility of freight forwarders in selected CIS countries.

Methodology the article used a comparative legal method of analysis.

Results: the results of the analysis of the responsibility of freight forwarders in selected CIS countries have been obtained, which will be the basis for further creation of joint solutions to combine the conditions for carrying out forwarding activities in various countries.

Practical implications the obtained results should be applied by economic entities engaged in international forwarding activities.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE PROCESS OF CHANGING THE AMPLITUDE-FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CAR SUSPENSION IN VIBRATION MODE WHEN THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE SILENT BLOCKS CHANGES
Authors: Baradiev Viсtor S.
Published: September 2022

This article discusses the analytical study of the influence of the parameter of the technical condition of the suspension silent blocks on the amplitude-frequency response of the car springing system. The process of changing the magnitude of the oscillation amplitude and the displacement of the resonant frequency in the vibration mode is investigated. The regularities of the influence of the coefficient of residual damping of suspension silent blocks on the amplitude of fluctuations of the normal load on the wheels of the car during tests on vibration stands are revealed.

Purpose – theoretical substantiation of the influence of the technical condition of the suspension silent block in terms of the power parameter on the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the car suspension system.

Method or methodology for conducting work: in this article, when performing calculations, numerical methods for solving differential equations were used, as well as methods of mathematical modeling.

Results: a mathematical model has been developed that is used for the analytical study of the influence of the technical state parameter of silent blocks on the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the suspension system.

Practical implications: the obtained results can be used by manufacturers of vibration stands based on the EUSAMA method, organizations working in the field of developing methods and tools for diagnosing a car suspension, and also used to calculate the parameters of functioning of car suspension systems in stationary harmonic modes.
RESEARCH OF DEFORMATION AND DESTRUCTION OF CAR ELEMENTS UNDER EXTREME CONDITIONS
Authors: Kiyashko Larisa A. , Ksenofontova Victoria A.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the improvement of the methodology for the examination of the operation the vehicles in extreme conditions that occur during road traffic accidents (RTA). Of great interest in the field of road safety are the tasks of determining the causes of RTA and the conditions under which they occur. There are computer systems that allow modeling the processes of interaction automobile vehicles with obstacles and among themselves during an accident. These developments based on various mathematical models of the car collision process. The most reliable and promising are systems that based on methods for analyzing plastic deformations and destruction of car structural elements during an accident. The basis of these methods is the law of conservation energy or the model of the transition of the kinetic energy of a moving vehicle into the potential energy of a structure deformed after an accident. This process described with the help of the parameter – the energy equivalent of the speed. The analysis of the object is study – automobile body structures carried out. They classified as thin-walled shell structures that are easily plastically deformed. The available methods for solving the problems of analysis the elastic-plastic deformations in such structures do not allow providing the high accuracy of the solution necessary for the examination of the RTA.

Purpose – improvement of the methodology for conducting an autotechnical examination of an accident.

Methodology: solution of inverse problems of continuum mechanics.

Results: a variant of the finite element representation of the design and a method of the variational approach to determining the energy criteria of the process under study were developed. It provides the greatest accuracy in solving the tasks.

Practical implications: it is expedient to apply the obtained results when carrying out an autotechnical examination of an accident.
ROBUST FORECASTING OF TRAFFIC FLOW INTENSITY
Authors: Vlasov Alexey A.
Published: September 2022

Accurate and timely information about current and forecast parameters of traffic flows is an important condition for the functioning of intelligent transport systems. The use of high-quality data will make it possible to solve the problem of adaptive traffic flow management more effectively, reduce travel time, improve the accuracy of travel route planning, and generally improve the efficiency of using transport infrastructure.

This article presents studies of the impact of traffic light objects on the registration of traffic flow parameters by transport detectors. It is established that the location of the control zone of transport detectors within the area of the formation of the queue of vehicles leads to artificial noise of the collected data. The use of robust forecast of transport flow parameters in solving problems of adaptive traffic flow management is justified.

The solution of the problem of robust traffic intensity prediction using the LightGBM model based on the gradient boosting algorithm is shown. The feature space of the model included the traffic intensity log, the date and time of the data received, the weekend features, and the lane group ID. The robustness of the forecast is ensured by using the smoothed time series model error function using the LOWESS method, when applying the original, non-smoothed time series to the model input.

The model trained on real data has properties of robustness of the traffic intensity forecast, provided filtering of stochastic fluctuations and outliers of the measured ones. At the same time, it distinguishes the features of the daily profiles for working and weekend days in all groups of bands, the forecast delay was observed only if there was a significant deviation of the observed intensity from the daily trend.
FLIGHT AND PENETRATION BEHAVIORS OF TANDEM EFPS WITH FINS
Authors: ZHENG YUANFENG , ZHENG ZHIJIAN , ZHANG HONGYU , MA HONGBING
Published: September 2022

Based on the principle of kinematic similarity and stabilization storage of a projectile, the flight stability characteristic of a tandem explosively formed projectile (EFP) formed by a shaped charge with double-layer liners and a hexagonal shell was investigated by simulation and theoretical analysis. The damage to multilayer interval steel plates impacted by the tandem EFP with empennages was also studied. Five types of hexagonal shell with representative thicknesses of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2 mm were used. The results show that the hexagon shell has a significant influence on the shock wave propagation direction and time, causing the liners to suffer a periodic impulse and warp regularly at the edge. Finally, the tandem EFP forms three pairs of symmetric fins, which ensure that the EFP flies steadily in the air. The hexagonal shell thickness has an important influence on the formation, flight, and penetration of the tandem EFP. As the hexagonal shell thickness increases gradually, the length:diameter ratios of the tandem EFP decrease correspondingly, and the forerunning and following EFPs have a greater speed difference, causing a larger interval distance as the two EFPs fly steadily in the air. Moreover, the interval distance between the two EFPs plays a crucial role in penetrating the multilayer plates.
BALLISTIC TRADE-OFFS FOR DEPLETED URANIUM REPLACEMENT IN A KINETIC ENERGY PENETRATOR
Authors: FOURNIER JEAN-FRANCOIS , JAANSALU KEVIN M.
Published: September 2022

Depleted uranium (DU) alloys are often employed in kinetic energy penetrators as they show superior terminal ballistic performance over other materials, such as tungsten heavy alloys (WHA). This performance gap is generally attributed to differences in deformation behavior, such as adiabatic shearing in DU alloys. However, due to several factors associated with the use of DU, there is a need to seek a replacement material. The objective of this paper is to identify and model the trade-offs available or required in internal and external ballistics as a function of density of a WHA material such that it would match the modelled terminal performance a DU alloy penetrator. The performance is modelled using the Baer-Frankle lumped parameter model for the internal ballistics, the flat-fire trajectory approximation for the external ballistics and the Walker-Anderson penetration model for the terminal ballistics of a tungsten-like material. The conversion of the deformation behaviour of WHA to a DUlike failure mode is developed from the data of Magness & Farand based on relative crater ratios in the impact velocity range of 800 to 1000 m/s. Modifications, such as the penetrator’s length and a change in propellant, are suggested to define the lower boundaries of density. However, the change to a more energetic propellant would increase barrel erosion rates. With a WHA alloy failing by adiabatic shearing, the minimum required density to match the DU penetrator could be as low as 14.5 g/cm3 but with implications for round stability and an increase in barrel wear rate.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PENETRATION OF MASONRY WALL BY LARGE CALIBER RIFLE BULLET
Authors: LI JIN-MING , YAN WEN-MIN , WANG SHU , LU DA-BIN , MAI RUI-MIN
Published: September 2022

To study the law of penetration action of small high-speed projectiles into the wall, three kinds of large caliber rifle projectiles were used to conduct armor penetration tests on the masonry walls, in which a mortar layer was applied inside and outside of the masonry wall, and the masonry was clay bricks and autoclaved aerated concrete blocks, respectively. High-speed photography of the impact velocity, residual velocity and motion attitude of the projectile, damage pattern, size and penetration process of the target body were obtained. Through the analysis of the kinetic energy loss ratio of the projectile and the wall penetration, it was revealed that the penetration effect of the projectile is mainly determined by the core structure (the single mass projectile is considered as the full core structure), the anti-penetration effect of the masonry wall mainly depends on the strength of the block itself, the anti-penetration effect of the lightweight masonry wall is weak, and the projectile penetrates more easily, the anti-penetration effect of the clay brick wall is the strongest, and also discovered the penetration depends on the thickness of the wall and the location of the projectile impact point. The results of the test and analysis can provide a basis for how to improve the lethality of light weapons against human targets behind the protection of brick walls.
ANALYSIS ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BULLETS DEFORMATION AND INCIDENT PARAMETERS OF PISTOL BULLET IMPACT TO CONCRETE
Authors: LI JIN-MING , WEI WEI , YAN WEN-MIN , WANG SHU
Published: September 2022

To study the correlation between the bullets deformation characteristics and incident parameters of a 7.62mm lead pistol bullet during impacting to concrete, and to find the sensitivity relationship between each characteristic eigenvalue and quantity parameters, the finite element model of a 7.62mm lead pistol bullet hitting the concrete target was established. The accuracy and effectiveness of the numerical simulation were verified by experiments, and the numerical method can truly reproduce the motion behavior of the bullets in the process of hitting concrete. The results showed that under normal penetration, the angle between the impact surface and the projectile axis can be judged as a normal penetration, the height of the bullet decreases with the increase of incident velocity and is more sensitive to incident velocity, and the deformation of the bullet showed more characteristics under oblique penetration, and the changing trend of each eigenvalue at a different incident angle is similar. In addition, the grey correlation analysis of each eigenvalue of bullets deformation was carried out, and the sensitivity relationship of each eigenvalue to incident parameters was obtained, which provides technical support for the ballistic reconstruction of gun-related cases.
EFFECT ON PREMADE SEPARABLE LESS-PENETRATING PROJECTILE PENETRATING GELATIN TARGET
Authors: ZANG LI-WEI , SONG WEI-DONG , QIN BIN , YAN WEN-MIN
Published: September 2022

Less-penetrating projectile has the capability of less penetration and high execution, it attracts international scientific interests for suitability for antiterrorism and anti-hijack. a new projectile which has the structure of pole mushroom shaped cap—premade separable half ring core—indenting jacket were designed for treatment and improving the capability of less penetration and high execution. Both testing and calculation data of 92A pistol projectile and 9mm pistol projectile proved the feasibility of new projectiles design. The result indicates that energy release of “jacket peeled—cap perturbed—core separated” is more effective than that of traditional projectile. The less penetration, high execution effect and degree of treatment difficulty of premade separable less-penetrating projectile is better than 92A pistol projectile and domestic 9mm low penetration pistol projectile.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF RHOMBIC FRAGMENT PENETRATING INTO BALLISTIC GELATIN
Authors: HAN RUIGUO , DONG FANGDONG , LIU ZIDE
Published: September 2022

In order to study the penetration effects of rhombic fragment penetrating into the ballistic gelatin, a numerical model was established by using Ansys/Ls-Dyna. The penetrating process and the transient response of gelatin were simulated using the proposed model which was validated by experiment. The effects of fragment mesh size, model simplification method and incident angle on simulation accuracy were analyzed by numerical simulation. The results indicated that the mesh size significantly influenced the accuracy of numerical results and computing time. The simulation result of the simplified 1/2 model of the fragment was apparently different from the experimental data, while that of whole model was coincident with the experimental results. In addition, the incident angle obviously affected the penetration depth, and the maximum difference of penetration depth at the similar initial velocity and different incident angles was about 40mm.
AN ASSESSMENT METHOD OF BEHIND ARMOR BLUNT TRAUMA BASED ON STUN ENERGY
Authors: HAN RUIGUO , QIN BIN , YAN WENMIN
Published: September 2022

In order to effectively conduct the evaluation of behind armor blunt trauma (BABT), the stun energy induced by the pressure wave was proposed to evaluate the injury level of BABT. The expression of the stun energy was derived according to the relation between the stress wave propagation in the gelatin and the stun energy. The experiments of several typical bullets impacting gelatin covered with armor were carried out to validate the method of stun energy, and the characteristic parameters of stun energy, the maximum pressure and the pressure impulse were obtained. The assessment results based on stun energy and the score of Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) in the biological experiments were compared, and it was indicated that the stun energy in the gelatin impacted by different bullets was consistent with the score of MAIS. The evaluation method based on stun energy can be used to quantitatively measure the effects of behind armor blunt trauma.
STUDY ON EFFECT OF BULLETS BLUNTING GELATIN TARGET WITH SOFT ARMOR
Authors: WANG XUE-JIAO , YUAN DA-WEI , GAO TONG
Published: September 2022

Two kinds of 9mm bullets whose armor are all copper, internal steel, lead respectively blunting gelatin target with soft armor are studied in this paper, mechanical responses of gelatin with body armor to non-penetrating ballistic impact is analyzed through the test and simulation research, and the pressure peak of gelatin in specific locations, warhead deformation, the number of layers soft protection through are analyzed, the results of simulation and test are consistent basically, then the accuracy of the simulation model is verified, mechanical parameter such as the pressure, stress in the gelatin, displacement, acceleration are obtained. The results showed that: gelatin is still under big pressure and acceleration shock. The pressure peak of different position can be solved quickly by polynomial fitting of the pressure peak and the impact point distance. The method can be applied in the design and evaluation of different kinds projectiles and soft body protection performance.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF TYPE 51 7.62MM BULLET PENETRATION TEST TO THE MINIBUS BODY AND ITS SIMULATED TARGET
Authors: WEI WEI , WANG HAOSHENG , YAN WENMIN , LI JINMING , WANG JIANZHONG
Published: September 2022

The penetrating test of bullet impacting the minibus body was carried out to explore the bullet hole parameters and minibus materials composition. And then the body simulation target was established by analyzing the composition materials of minivan body and the result of penetrating test. The simulated target penetration experiments were carried out with different velocity and angle. The velocity range is from 100m/s to 450m/s, and the angle range is from 15 degrees to 90 degrees. The results show that with the same penetration angle, the width of bullet hole increases with the increase of penetrated velocity. When the angle is 30 degree and the velocity is less than 110m/s, the bullet cannot penetrate the target. When the angle is 15 degree and the velocity is less than 226m/s, the bullet cannot penetrate the target.
CONTRACULTURA, ACCIONES Y ARQUITECTURA
Authors: Ramos-Carranza Amadeo , Añón-Abajas Rosa María
Published: September 2022

Para la arquitectura, la década de los sesenta y siguientes queda como el momento de grandes acontecimientos que la intención de cambiar los paradigmas sociales, políticos, económicos e ideológicos dominantes en sociedades industrializadas y desarrolladas. Movimientos y corrientes contraculturales que se añadieron al extenso y complejo panorama ideológico que Charles Jencks representó en su gráfico en el año 1971. Aquellos caminos marginales, con el paso del tiempo, el cambio de milenio y la consolidación de una arquitectura global, han dejado de expresar acciones o pensamientos colectivos, siendo sustituidos por nombres propios de arquitectos o de las principales empresas productoras de la arquitectura. El texto de este artículo reflexiona críticamente sobre esta cuestión y aprovecha la capacidad de determinadas ideas que sugieren investigaciones actuales, para proponer un entramado cultural que transitaría al margen de las arquitecturas representativas del pensamiento global.
Palmar Digital Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report and Review of 36 Cases
Authors: Farrugia Stephanie , Cachia Monique , Degaetano James , Boffa Michael J
Published: September 2022

Thrombosis of the palmar digital veins is relatively rare, typically reported in women aged 35-65 years and most commonly occurring on the fourth digit. Clinical presentation varies and the lesion can present on the fingers or the palms of the hands. Diagnosis may be suspected clinically and confirmed on histology and radiologically. The condition can be managed conservatively or surgically. A 58-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of a tender, skin-coloured nodule on her right palm. This was surgically excised, and the histopathological diagnosis was a thrombosed varix. As no underlying medical issues were raised on further testing, it was thought that her thrombosed varix was likely secondary to repeated trivial mechanical trauma, given that she was a housewife. A literature review yielded 36 cases of thrombosed varix, including our case. Most cases (85.3%) occurred in females, and the mean age of patients was 51.67 years, with two-thirds of patients between 35 and 65 years of age. The fourth digit and the proximal interphalangeal joint were the most commonly affected sites, respectively. Although rare, doctors should consider the possibility of a thrombosed varix when presented with tender and raised nodules on the palms or fingers.
Essential Oil Composition of Different Plant Parts of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. and Perry Grown in South Andaman Island, India
Authors: Waman Ajit Arun , Bohra Pooja
Published: September 2022

Dried unopened flower bud is the economic produce obtained from clove tree. Similar to clove buds, its essential oil also has manifold applications in food, flavor and pharmaceutical industries worldwide. These properties are mainly attributed to the presence of various bioactive molecules including Eugenol. In order to know the composition of essential oil present in clove leaves and pedicels as compared to commercially used clove buds, the present study was undertaken. Results revealed that different plant parts had varied essential oil composition in terms of relative percentage of various compounds. Leaf essential oil was found to be the richest source of Eugenol among the plant parts studied. This finding suggests use of clove leaves for season independent commercial scale essential oil extraction and growing perennial clove plants for dedicated leaf production purpose.
Ethnofarming Practices of Mandaya Ginger Farmers in Andap, New Bataan, Davao de Oro, Philippines
Authors: C. Esteban Jerald Anthony , Casol Jr. Hilario H. , Dodongan Eugine B.
Published: September 2022

The study aimed to determine the socio-demographic profile and document existing practices and problems related to ginger farmers' soil fertility, diseases, and insect pest management practices. Also, to analyze the agro-ecological situation using SWOT analysis. The enumerators conducted one-on-one interviews with the ginger farmers with participative field transects from November 2017 to June 2018 to identify the Ethnofarming practices of Mandaya ginger farmers with 44 key participants. The result shows that the majority of the ginger farmers are old (36%), male (80%), married (85%) with 5 to 6 children (32%), with more than 25 years of ginger farming experience (77%) in less than 0.25 hectare (50%), and have low educational attainment (48%). The Mandaya ginger farmers use soil color and texture, the presence of Ageratum conyzoides, and crop income from the previous cropping as indicators to identify fertile and infertile soils. Fewer Mandaya farmers still practice indigenous knowledge including magical, factual, and traditional practices on ginger production. Although most farmers use new technologies, some tend to combine their indigenous knowledge with new technologies for ginger farming. It has been identified that the Mandaya farmers had limited knowledge of controlling insect and disease infestations, soil fertility management, and commodity price fluctuation, which are significant constraints for them. Mandaya ginger farmers and government agencies are encouraged to develop technologies that will utilize their indigenous knowledge of ginger and other crops while promoting, preserving, and protecting their cultural identity anchored to a scientific way of farming to help attain food security and sustainability for the country.
Technical, Economic and Allocative Efficiencies of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Growing Farmers in Intermediate Zones of J and K
Authors: Qammer Naseem Akhter , Shaheen Farhet Ahmad , Wani Shabir Ahmad , Wani Fehim Jeelani
Published: September 2022

The study was carried out in two intermediate zones of Jammu and Kashmir to identify both farm specific and socio-economic factors that influence the technical efficiency (TE) and also to analyze the economic (EE)and allocative efficiency (AE) of wheat growing farmers to assess the level of possibilities to gain the desired level of productivity by improving all three types of efficiencies(TE, AE and EE)by estimating Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Production Function and Stochastic Profit Function. The study revealedthat how different cost components affect the profitability of production of wheat crop and also proposes that at how much level of efficiency, the farmer is producing the wheat crop and how much level of efficiency is yet to be obtained. The maximum likelihood estimates of the stochastic production function revealed that fertilizer and farmyard manure showed a negative and significant effect on wheat production. The coefficients of the frontier profit function revealed thatall input shows a negative and significant impact on wheat farmer profitability. Socio-economic factors show positive and significant relation with technical efficiency except cultivated area. The mean technical, economic and allocative efficiencyof farm households was found out to be 86 per cent, 71 per cent, and 83 per cent indicated that there is still scope for wheat growers to increase all the three efficiencies by operating at a full efficient level by proper utilization and allocation of existing resources and technology. This study provides crucial information for the farmers and also to the government about to formulate effective policy measures for attaining the sustainability of wheat crop in rainfed hilly areas of Jammu division.