bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biologics in ocular inflammatory diseases – Experience from a tertiary referral eye care center in South India
Authors: Babu Kalpana , Padmapriya PG , Rao Anand P , Jois Ramesh
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To analyze the utility of biologics in noninfectious uveitis and other ocular inflammatory diseases in a South Indian patient population.

Methods:

This was a retrospective observational study conducted at the uveitis and ocular inflammatory diseases clinic of a tertiary eye care hospital in South India between 2016 and 2023.

Results:

Records of 76 patients on biologics were retrieved from our databases. The mean age was 34.84 ± 17.383 years. In 75% of patients, the duration of follow-up was 52.75 months. Overall, anterior nongranulomatous uveitis was the most common anatomic type of uveitis (34.21%). HLA B27-associated uveitis was the most common etiology (34.21%) in whom biologics were used. Patients <18 years of age formed 23.7% with a mean age of 10.77 ± 2.75 years. Mean duration of follow-up in patients <18 years of age was 36 months. In this subgroup, panuveitis was the most common anatomic subtype (61.1%) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis was the most common etiology (27.7%). The most commonly used biologic in this study was adalimumab (36.84%). Additional conventional immunomodulators were used along with biologics in 50 patients (65.78%), of which methotrexate was the most common (50%). Adalimumab and rituximab were biosimilars, while tofacitinib was the generic version. There was a significant decrease in the mean number of flareups post-biologics (P = 0.001). Adverse effects were seen in 14 patients (18.42%). The success rate of biologics was low in the parsplanitis group <18 years (33.3%), Blau-associated uveitis (50%), and idiopathic uveitis (30%).

Conclusion:

In this study, we have analyzed the results of biologics in different anatomic types of ocular inflammation and etiologies. The success rate of biologics was low in parsplanitis, idiopathic uveitis, and Blau-associated uveitis and higher in other etiologies.
Spontaneous Acquired Diaphragmatic Hernia: Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Lamture Yeshwant , Dubhashi Siddharth P. , Shetty Deepali
Published: September 2024

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and acquired diaphragmatic hernia (ADH) are secondary to a weakness or opening in the diaphragm. Both are types of internal hernia. The abnormality can range from a minor defect in the posterior edge of the diaphragm to the entire loss of it. CDH usually leads to lung hypoplasia associated with pulmonary hypertension and immaturity, as well as cardiac dysfunction. In ADH, pathophysiology is secondary to herniation and its pressure effects. We report a series of two cases of spontaneous ADH (SADH). Spontaneous acquired rupture of the diaphragm can occur after exercise, coughing, labor (delivery), or even without any significant preceding event. It is uncertain if SADH is caused by a preexisting weak region in the diaphragm, a loss of muscle coordination during vigorous exertion, or both. It is a potentially fatal surgical emergency requiring a high index of clinical judgment in the appropriate clinical setting. SADH acts mechanically by compressing the lung. It is an infrequent entity. This case series and review concisely illustrate the genesis, diagnosis, and treatment of spontaneous diaphragmatic hernia.
Comparative Evaluation of Three File Systems for Shaping Curved Canals: An In Vitro Approach
Authors: Siraparapu Karuna R. , Nagamaheshwari X. , Patil Veerendra S. , Amulya Masuna Rukmini , Adsare Sainath , Prakash Karanam Apoorva
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To compare and evaluate the shaping ability of ProTaper Next, TruNatomy, and Flexer heat activation rotary files in simulated curved canals.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-five severely curved simulated canals in resin blocks were prepared to an apical size of 25 using the following systems (n = 15 per group): ProTaper Next, TruNatomy, and Flexer heat activation. Composite images were made from the superimposition of pre- and post-instrumentation images. Parameters evaluated were total resin removal, centering ability, canal transportation (at the apical, curved, and coronal part), and preparation time.

Results:

Canals prepared with TruNatomy were better centered in the apical part than those prepared with PTN and Flexer heat activation. Flexer heat activation removed significantly more resin at the outer aspect of the maximum point of curvature. PTN and TruNatomy caused similar canal transportations. Instrumentation with Flexer heat activation required more time than with the two other instruments.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of the study, all instruments were safe to use and preserved the original canal shape well. In the apical part of the canals, TruNatomy obtained the best results with regard to canal transportation.

Clinical Significance:

These findings underscore the importance of considering file selection based on specific canal characteristics and treatment objectives to optimize clinical outcomes in endodontic practice.
Effect of Different Pediatric Medications on RMGIC: A Comparative Study
Authors: Qurishi Ahtesham A. , Al Dira Mohammed S. , Sholan Amal H. , Abzoah Shahad E. , Hakami Mahdi A. , Malhan Emad , Moafa Shahad M.
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

This study investigates the impact of commonly prescribed pediatric medications on resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), which is widely used in pediatric dentistry in India. The interaction between these medications and RMGIC could affect the material’s durability and effectiveness.

Methodology:

Sixty RMGIC specimens were divided into five groups, each exposed to different pediatric medications: antibiotic syrup, antipyretic syrup, vitamin syrup, antitussive syrup, and distilled water (control). Microhardness and surface roughness were measured before and after a 14-day immersion period. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s test.

Results:

All pediatric medications significantly affected RMGIC, with antitussive syrup showing the most substantial impact. Microhardness decreased by up to 18.40%, and surface roughness increased by up to 21.40%. The control group showed no significant changes.

Conclusion:

Pediatric medications, particularly those with acidic properties, compromise the durability of RMGIC. Further research is needed to develop more resistant materials or protective measures.
Long-term Outcomes (10 years) of Hepatic Transplantation in a Patient with Hepatic Adenomatosis: A Case Report
Authors: Almunifi Abdullah
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Hepatocellular adenoma is a rare benign liver neoplasm, and hepatic adenomatosis is associated with risks such as intertumoral hemorrhage or necrosis. The imaging features of adenomatosis closely resemble those of solitary adenomas, differing only in the number of lesions. This study reports a case of an 18-year-old woman with perturbed liver function enzymes and multiple hepatic nodules. She had no significant medical history, chronic liver disease, or diabetes and was not taking any regular medications or anabolic steroids. Abdominal ultrasound revealed hepatomegaly and multiple hepatic nodules. Subsequently, the patient underwent hepatic orthotropic transplantation without any complications and was followed-up for 10 years. Multiple lesions with suspicious or confirmed malignant transformation and unwillingness to undergo surgical resection are considered leading indications for hepatic transplantation. Despite efforts to manage the condition conservatively, including hepatic transplantation, the patient experienced complications related to immunosuppressant therapy and ultimately developed chronic rejection. Hepatic transplantation is rarely indicated for benign liver tumors, especially when life-threatening complications or hepatic tumor malignant transformation cannot be ruled out, and tumors are unrespectable. This case highlights the complexity of managing hepatic adenomatosis and underscores the importance of individualized treatment strategies and long-term follow-up.
Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Dengue Fever among Patients in Central India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rathod Siddhi , Ambad Ranjit , Juneja Hemant , Ugemuge Sarita , Bandre Gulshan
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Dengue fever is a major public health concern in India, with outbreaks occurring often and seasonally. This study analyzes general patients’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on dengue disease at a tertiary-care hospital in central India.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 300 general patients using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were computed, encompassing means, frequencies, percentages, and standard deviations.

Results:

Participants generally had positive attitudes towards dengue prevention. Many agreed on the importance of using mosquito repellents, maintaining clean environments, seeking medical help promptly, and supporting community mosquito control initiatives. Sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education level, and location) significantly influenced KAP and treatment adherence.

Conclusions:

This study provides valuable insights into the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and their KAP regarding dengue fever.
How secure can we expect the surveillance policies to be after the implementation in T1 polyps with carcinoma?
Authors: Mateos Sanchez Cristina , Quintanilla Lazaro Elvira , Rabago Luis Ramon
Published: September 2024

Approximately 7% of the polyps resected endoscopically have an adenocarcinoma focus, with no previous endoscopic evidence of malignancy. This raises the question of whether endoscopic resection has been curative. Furthermore, there is no consensus on what the endoscopic and histological criteria for good prognosis are, the appropriate follow-up strategy and what are the long-term results. The aim of the retrospective study by Fábián et al was to evaluate the occurrence of local relapse or distant metastasis in those tumors that were resected endoscopically compared to those that underwent oncologic surgery. They concluded that, regardless of the treatment strategy chosen, there was a higher recurrence rate than described in the literature and that adherence to follow-up was poor. The management approach for an endoscopically benign polyp histologically confirmed as adenocarcinoma depends on the presence of any of the previously described poor prognostic histological factors. If none of these factors are present and the polyp has been completely resected en bloc (R0), active surveillance is considered appropriate as endoscopic resection is deemed curative. These results highlight, once again, the need for further multicentric clinical practice studies to obtain more evidence for the purpose of establishing appropriate treatment and follow-up strategies.
Knowledge Push Mechanism of Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Employing
Deep Residual Network Architecture
Authors: Muin Abdullah-Al , Khan Shahrukh , Miah Md Helal
Published: September 2024

Rolling bearings play a critical role in rotating machinery, with their fatigue
life directly impacting equipment’s operational reliability. This underscores
the significant engineering application value of “fault diagnosis” (FD)
technology for rolling bearings in mechanical, automation, and aerospace
domains. Literature reviews highlight that a substantial portion of failures in
machinery such as jet turbine engines, wind turbines, gear reducers, and
induction machines are attributable to bearing issues. Early fault detection and
preventive maintenance are therefore imperative for ensuring the smooth
operation of rotating machinery. This paper focuses on rolling bearings, delving
deep into FD technology using machine learning principles. It analyses the
structure and common failure modes of rolling bearings, discussing an FD method
based on machine learning. Specifically, the SE-DRN (“squeeze-exclusion deep
residual network”) approach is employed, leveraging “variational modal
decomposition” (VMD) to decompose bearing vibration signals and reorganize the
resulting “intrinsic mode function” (IMF) components into an IMF component
signal matrix. This matrix is then processed by a depth residual network with a
channel attention mechanism for feature extraction and recognition, forming the
SE-DRN-based FD model for rolling bearings. The research attains a remarkable
average diagnostic accuracy of 98% across five different bearing state types,
underscoring its superior accuracy compared to existing literature, thus
showcasing the effectiveness of the SE-DRN approach in rolling bearing FD
technology.
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 12Cr (410 Modified) Ferrite Controlled, Annealed
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: September 2024

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness.
Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, and Rings and Stock for Forging, Flash-Welded Rings and Heading, 34Co - 3.0Cr - 28Ni - 3.0Cb(Nb) - 5.5Al - 0.008B - 25.5Fe Multiple Melted, High Temperature, Oxidation-Resistant, Low Expansion, Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation-Hardenable (Alloy 783)
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: September 2024

This specification covers a cobalt-nickel-iron alloy in the form of bars, forgings, flash-welded rings, and stock for forging, flash-welded rings, or heading.
Evaluation of Groundnut Genotypes for Resistance to Early Leaf Spot Disease and Preharvest Aflatoxin Contamination
Authors: Kankam F. , Tengey T.K. , Ndela D.N.
Published: September 2024

Aflatoxin caused by Aspergillus flavus is a major field to storage contaminant in groundnut seed production, whereas defoliation diseases  in groundnut caused by Passalora arachidicola and Nothopassalora personata are two of the most yield-limiting biotic stresses.  The present study was to identify groundnut genotypes with resistance to leaf spot disease and preharvest aflatoxin contamination.  Thirty-three groundnut genotypes originating from crosses between Schubert × 43-09-03-02 and TS32-1 × 60-02-03-02 including three  checks: Manipinta, Chinese and ICGV03401 were evaluated in screenhouse and field studies. In the screenhouse experiment, the groundnut genotypes were arranged in a Complete Randomized Design with three replications. The field experiment was laid in a 9 × 4  alpha lattice design with three replications. Results revealed that A. flavus population in the soil increased when the fields were  inoculated with the A. flavus isolate. Again, results show that these groundnut genotypes namely, L024, L030, L078B, L086A, L092 and  L096, showed resistance to leaf spot disease infection. Also, except for L020B, which respectively showed a B and B aflatoxin of 71.5 and  72.0 ppb under field conditions and 1 2 132.1 and 131.5 ppb in pots, the remaining genotypes did not accumulate any aflatoxin at the preharvest level. In conclusion, the study identified groundnut genotypes L024, L030, L078B, L086A, L092 and L096 to be resistant to early  leaf spot disease and preharvest aflatoxin contamination. These genotypes could be tested in the future for their yield and stability under  diverse environments and released as varieties.
Chemical Composition, in vitro Gas Production and Microbial Quality of Rice Straw Supplemented with Pelleted or Unpelleted Dried Rumen Digesta Concentrate
Authors: Agolisi H.M. , Ansah T. , Adzitey F.
Published: September 2024

The study sought to assess the chemical composition, microbial quality and in vitro gas production of rice straw supplemented with  pelleted or unpelleted dried rumen digesta (DRD) concentrate in the savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana. Four levels of DRD (0%,  5%, 10% and 15%) were incorporated into a concentrate and subjected to two methods of processing (unpelleted diet and pelleted diet).  Processing methods and DRD inclusion levels had a significant (P<0.05) interaction effect on crude protein (CP), ash, lactic acid bacteria  (LAB) and E. coli. The unpelleted diet at a 15% inclusion level of dried DRD had the highest CP (14.22%). The highest E. coli count was  recorded in the unpelleted diet at 0% inclusion of DRD. No E. coli was detected in the pellet diets. There was a decreasing trend of E. coli  as the levels of DRD increased in the unpelleted concentrate diet. The highest (p<0.05) in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) and  metabolisable energy was recorded in the 15% DRD pellet concentrate supplemented with 50% rice straw. The study concluded that DRD  pellet can be used as a source of protein to enhance the utilisation of poor-quality feed resources during the dry season to improve the  growth performance of ruminants.
The Effects of Life-Enzyme (Zymomonas mobilis) Treated Sawdust on Growth Performance, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility and Ileal Digesta Viscosity and Economics of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Alade A.A. , Olayemi W.A. , Olanloye S.A. , Orimogunje A.A. , Fasasi M.O. , Bamgbose A.M. , Oso A. O.
Published: September 2024

A 56-day study investigated the effects of Zymomonas mobilis treated sawdust on growth and economics of broiler chickens. Three  hundred and seventy-five (375) day old unsexed marshal broiler chicks were allotted to five dietary treatments with 75 broiler chicks per  treatment in a completely randomised designed experiment. Diets were formulated to include untreated sawdust (SD) and Zymomonas  mobilis treated sawdust (ZSD) at 0, 50% and 100%. At the finishing phase (5-8 weeks), dietary treatments with 50% ZSD had higher daily  weight gain and protein efficiency ratio (PER) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). Overall growth response (0 - 8 weeks) showed  similar values for FCR and PER. There was improved crude fibre digestibility; however, there was no influence on crude protein, ether  extract and ash digestibility at the finishing phase (5-8 weeks). Dietary inclusion of SD and ZSD decreased the values of the ileal digesta  viscosity and economic efficiency. Therefore, 50% SD and 100% ZSD could be incorporated in broiler chickens' diets without  compromising the growth response
Curtailment of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on sugar beet by using a novel strategy
Authors: El-Nasharty M. E. A. , El-Sharnoby Hossam M.
Published: September 2024

Two field experiments were conducted in the west Nubaria district, located at Abu El-Matameer Center, the Northern Sector, (30°47'40"N latitude and 30°4'58"E longitude), El Behaira Governorate, Egypt 2022/23 and 2023/24 seasons to evaluate a recent strategy based on carried liquid chemical nematicides i.e., Nemakick®, Oxineem El-Nasr® and Tervigo® as well a biological one Fornem X 5® on rough wheat bran, against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita associated with sugar beet and its effects on yield and quality. Results included that all treatments reduced the examined nematode parameters as well as increased yield and quality characteristics. Exceptionally, Nemakick® achieved the highest reduction percent 58.9, 72.0 and 58.9 % with the number of J2, root gall index and host efficiency respectively, and achieved the highest α amino nitrogen reduction percent 35.8 %, followed by Tervigo®. Likewise, achieved the highest increasing percent in quality chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and charotain with 28.8, 86.3 and 37.5 % respectively, as well as total soluble solids TSS %, quality % and Sucrose % with increasing percent 19.4, 3.5 and 12.1 % respectively, furthermore the highest increasing in quantity were 24.7 and 3.5 tons / feddan by increasing percent 45.6 % with root yield and sugar yield respectively, followed by Tervigo® . Mostly, using a dose of 15 kg / feddan gave the highest reduction in M. incognita parameters and the highest increase in sugar beet crop quantity and quality than using 10 kg / feddan with all treatments.
Physiological effects of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on the adult grasshopper Heteracris littoralis (Acrididae: Orthoptera)
Authors: Salem Hagar M.M. , El-Kholy Ayat I. , Abaza Anwaar M.
Published: September 2024

A current study was carried out to evaluate one of the important biological control methods in the management of grasshoppers, Heteracris littoralis (Rambur) (Acrididae: Orthoptera) which infesting many different plants through artificial infestation by two entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN); Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) in the physiological laboratory, and noticing its physiological effects on the physiological characteristics of grass hopper H. littoralis adults. Whereas current laboratory experiment was carried out through four doses of two tested entomopathogenic nematodes species; S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora; 200, 300, 400, and 500 IJs/100 ml.H2O at 25°C and 60% humidity for 72 hrs. Results obtained indicated that as general effectiveness of H. bacteriophora was higher than the other S. carpocapsae on the physiological characteristics of the successive grasshopper H. littoralis. Also, the higher doses of both of the EPNs were more effective on these physiological characteristics than the lower doses. Physiological characteristics of grasshopper H. littoralis were examined stimulated in the most internal substances secreted by that insect; Total proteins, carbohydrates, total lipids, and important enzymes (Chitinase, lipase, phosphatase, kinase, alpha esterase, beta esterase, oxidation enzymes and digestive enzymes).
Agricultural extension agents’ perception of work-life balance in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Adisa R.S. , Adeyemi M.O. , Ifabiyi J.O. , Abdrashid M.O.
Published: September 2024

Work-life balance denotes a worker’s stability between the job and personal life. Work-life balance depicts employees accomplishing  assigned duties and personal responsibilities without overlapping conflicts. This study investigated the Agricultural Extension Agents’  Perception of Work-Life Balance in Kwara State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty respondents were selected for the study. The findings  showed that the Extension agents have a high work-life balance. The statement that the leader creates a positive and supportive work  environment (mean = 4.32) was the highest-ranked perception statement on leadership styles. The statement that extension agents  arrive for work on time (mean = 4.47) was the highest-ranked perception statement on work-life balance. The statement that a good  insurance scheme will make me take my job with all seriousness (mean = 4.59) was the highest-ranked factor influencing the work-life  balance of the extension agents. The study concluded that the extension agents have a high work-life balance in Kwara State, Nigeria.  The study therefore recommended that the extension organization should ensure the provision of motivational incentives such as  insurance schemes and financial benefits to the extension agents
Determinants of consumer preference for imported and local rice among households in Sokoto metropolis
Authors: B.B. Abubakar  , U. Lawali
Published: September 2024

The study was designed to assess the determinants of consumer preference of local and imported rice among households in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. Two-stage sampling technique was employed, where in the first stage, Sokoto-North, Sokoto-South and some parts of Wamakko Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposively selected. In the second stage, systematic sampling was employed and 27 households from each area were selected, making a total of 81 respondents selected for the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaire while descriptive statistics and regression were employed to analyze the data. The households’ characteristics revealed that 22.5% of the respondents were 70-79 years old. The mean household size was about 16 persons, 82% were married, 58.9% were civil servants and high-income earners and 63.3% of the respondents attained tertiary education. The preference of locally processed rice (52%) as against imported rice was because it has lower price and better taste while, some consumers prefer the imported rice because of its cleanliness and free from stones and other impurities that are commonly found in locally processed rice. Household size and household income had a positive and significant relationship with consumer preference for local rice. It is recommended that Government should provide new technologies and/or facilities for local rice production and processing to enhance the rice quality. This will enable the locally processed rice to compete with imported rice in the domestic and international markets.
Development and comparison of a loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for the rapid diagnosis of lumpy skin disease
Authors: Macharia Edna W. , Binepal Yatinder S. , Onguso Justus , Kiambi Roy , Wanjala Bramwel
Published: September 2024

Lumpy skin disease virus is a poxvirus in the genus Capripoxvirus and is closely related to sheeppox virus and goatpox virus. It’s  economically important in cattle and a notifiable disease by World Organization for Animal Health. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is endemic  in most parts of Africa with small-scale farmers experiencing the highest loss during outbreaks due to restricted animal trade and costly  control and eradication measures. Serological methods of LSD detection are sensitive, inexpensive but can be laborious and time- consuming while, molecular methods such as Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR/quantitative PCR (qPCR) are sensitive  but require expertise and sophisticated laboratories. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) molecular method is advantageous,  as it does not require expertise or sophisticated equipment. Thisstudy aimed to develop a rapid, simple, specific, and  sensitive detection method for LSD. Sixtytwo samples that included skin biopsies, whole blood, serum, and cell cultures were used. New LAMP primer (10_LSD) that could detect lumpy skin disease virus, was designed using Genome based LAMP primer designer (GLAPD)  software. Samples were analyzed by LAMP assay and a gold standard (real-time PCR). A LAMP field-based extraction method using  polyethylene glycol (PEG) was developed and used for the detection of lumpy skin disease virus. The 10_LSD had a kappa value of 0.32  against the qPCR gold standard. In terms of limit of detection, qPCR had a detection limit of 10-3 ng/µl while 10_LSD had a limit of  detection of 1 ng/µl and. The 10_LSD assay showed sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 86 %. The LAMP assay did not cross-react with  closely related viruses like camelpox, Orf virus, and Pestes des Petit Ruminants but could amplify sheeppox virus and goatpox virus. The  average time to positivity was 14-28 minutes. The study supports the adoption of the LAMP assay for rapid Capripoxvirus diagnosis as a  simpler, effective, and rapid method of detection, monitoring, and controlling outbreaks and the spread of disease in a field set up.
Analysis of power distribution transformers’ failure in rural electrification projects in Kenya
Authors: Kamweru Ephantus , Musyoka Erastus
Published: September 2024

Reliable, safe and stable power distribution network is pivotal for realization of a steady economic growth in a country. Power distribution  transformers play an important role to enhance this stability and efficiency in national grid networks and power distribution companies. To enhance sustainability and reliability in these grid-lines performance, customer satisfaction and profitability of the grid  services should be optimally maintained and in sound state. Typically, the distribution transformers used in Kenya are Oil-immersed type  which has a general lifespan of 25 to 30 years; this notwithstanding, they fail in large numbers, within the first 3 years of operation or  even during commissioning, due to various reasons causing enormous economic and service impact on the distribution utilities as well as  the power consumers. In this study, a detailed discourse on the causes of failure in distribution transformers and possible  recommendations to mitigate these challenges have been discussed with reference to data collected from Rural electrification and  renewable energy corporation transformer stores and field project reports. The results show a clear indication that both power line  factors and manufacturers’ defects have great impact on these failures. The conclusion and recommendations will be crucial to inform  future grid line designs and policies’ formulations for the optimal functionality of these transformers.
Molecular detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESβL)-encoding genes among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe State Nigeria
Authors: Saleh Z.M. , Michael G. , Adamu M.T. , Manga M.M. , Garba L.
Published: September 2024

Beta-lactamase inhibitors, like clavulanic acid, inhibit extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESβLs), which are enzymes that impart resistance to penicillins, first-, second-, and third-generation cephalosporins, and aztreonam. The ESβLs are commonly found in Gram-negative bacteria particularly members of Enterobacteriaceae. The wide distribution of ESβL among Enterobacteriaceae has been attributed to the continuous misuse of these antibiotics. Global outbreaks have been linked to the genes producing the ESβLs enzymes that provide resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and detect ESβLs genes among Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe. A total of 420 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were collected and identified by using Gram staining and biochemical tests. As advised by CLSI, the isolates were screened using the disk diffusion method to check for the formation of ESβLs. Suspected ESβL producers based on the screening test were subjected to confirmatory test using double-disk-synergy test (DDST), while the presence of genes coding for the ESβL production was determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The organisms displayed high resistance to Ceftazidime, almost 90%, followed by Cefpodoxime with 75% and Cefotaxime with 74%. Among the 377 resistant isolates, 95(25.2%) were confirmed positive for ESβLs production. E. coli was the most common ESβL producer with 35.7%, followed by K. pneumoniae with 24.2%, K. oxytoca with 14.7% and Citrobacter spp. with 10.5%. Based on PCR analysis, 4 (20%) isolates had one type of ESβL gene, 11(55%) had two types and 5 (25%) isolates had three types of the genes. The most detected ESβL genes were blaCTX-M and blaSHV with equal occurrence of 63.7%, followed by blaTEM with 59.1%. The increased ESβL occurrence in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in our locality creates significant therapeutic problems prompting an immediate need for the establishment of local guidelines for ESβL screening and strengthening Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) practices in FTH Gombe, as well as other laboratories in the State.
Flavor quality in rosaceae fruit and nut crops: “Insights into volatile organic compounds and recent breeding strategies"
Authors: Ogah O. , Ene C. O. , Afiukwa F. N. , Nwankwo V. U.
Published: September 2024

The rose family (rosaceae) is of great importance because it includes a variety of edible fruits such as apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries, almonds, strawberries, loquat, and raspberries but its flavor quality wasn’t the best. The positive impact of flavor quality on consumers and, most importantly, breeding industries can never be overemphasized. Even in the developed world, fruits with quality flavor undoubtedly impact overall health by shifting eating habits away from ceremonial food to daily meals. Although fruit flavor has considerable benefits to consumers, it is difficult to improve, requiring the integration of several complex biochemical pathways controlled by developmental, physiological, and environmental factors. Hence, this paper reviewed the flavor compounds composition of rosaceous fruits and nuts including the factors influencing their contents and concentrations, commonly found volatile organic compounds in rosaceous fruits and nuts, and breeding strategies and challenges in breeding for flavor in rosaceae fruits and nuts. Breeding strategies for improving fruit flavor include molecular-assisted breeding (MAB) and transgenic approaches.Both strategies will develop fruit varieties that not only meet market demands but also provide superior taste and nutritional benefits for consumers.
Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Kigeme Refugee Camp, Rwanda
Authors: Musirakumva Jean Jacques Safari , Renzaho Jean Nepomuscene , Habineza Alphonse
Published: September 2024

Background The most prevalent nutritional deficiency experienced by pregnant women is anemia, which is defined as a hemoglobin level below 11 g/dl in a pregnant woman. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of anemia and identifying its associated factors among pregnant women in Kigeme Camp, Rwanda.Methods A cross-sectional, quantitative approach was used. Two hundred twenty one participants were chosen by a systematic sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data and SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. A p-value of 5% or less was set for significance. Multivariable analysis was utilized to identify the factors associated to anemia.Results The anemia prevalence among pregnant women in Kigeme Refugee Camp was 20.8%. Not eating variety of food (AOR= 4.72, 95%CI: 1.77–12.57, p=0.002), sleeping hungry (AOR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.27–0.73, p=0.001), iron/folic acid supplementation (AOR=5.83, 95%CI: 2.04–16.68, p=0.001), use of modern contraceptives (AOR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.09–4.10, p=0.025), bleeding during pregnancy (AOR=0.26, 95%CI: 0.17–0.64, p=0.001) and not eating food from animals were significantly associated to the occurrence of anemia among study participants.ConclusionThe current study’s findings will be critical for policymakers in designing strategic interventions; it will provide information necessary for different concerned stakeholders, especially clinicians and policy makers who involve in designing anemia curative and preventive measures.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):239-247
Exploring Key Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Air Quality and its Effects on Children in School Environments in Kigali, Rwanda: A qualitative study
Authors: Noel Korukire  , Judith Mukamurigo  , Ana Godson  , Jean de Dieu Habimana  , Anne Marie Uwitonze  , Theoneste  Ntakirutimana
Published: September 2024

Bacground There is limited knowledge about educational stakeholders’ perceptions of air quality in school environments and its effects on schoolchildren. This study explored various perspectives of educational stakeholders, including their perceptions of air quality in school settings, the perceived effects, and the current strategies employed to enhance air quality in schools.MethodsThis study was conducted with a qualitative approach. The researchers conducted a total of 16 in-depth interviews with schools and staff of the city of Kigali. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsParticipants perceive the morning and evening as the most polluted period of the day. Overcrowding, poor quality of chalk, and inadequate ventilation are perceived as the primary contributors to poor air quality within school premises. The perceived adverse effects include respiratory problems, increased absenteeism, poor school performance and school dropout. Additionally, the unavailability of well-defined air quality standards was highlighted as a barrier to achieving optimal air quality in school environments.ConclusionThis study has revealed that most educational stakeholders perceive air pollution as a significant environmental problem that adversely affects the health and comfort of schoolchildren. The study advocates for the promotion of collaborative efforts across various disciplines to formulate and implement strategies aiming at improving air quality in schools. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):319-337
Quality of Post-Cesarean Section Pain Management at Referral Hospital in Kigali Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Emmanuel Habimana Sibomana  , Eugene Tuyishime  , Francoise Nizeyimana  , Christian Mukwesi  , Jean de Dieu Tuyishime  , Bould M. Dylan  , Theogene Twagirumugabe
Published: September 2024

BackgroundStudies in high-income settings have demonstrated that pain management after Cesarean section leads to higher patients’ satisfaction. However, little is known about the quality of pain management and patients’ satisfaction among parturients undergoing cesarean in low resources settings. MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted for 385 parturients from May 2020 to October 2020 at a referral hospital in Kigali Rwanda. The sample size was calculated: S= Z² ×P× (1-P)/M². S= (1.96)2 ×0.5× (1-0.5)/ (0.05)2 =384.16≈385. Parturients aged over 18 years who underwent cesarean were enrolled prior to surgery and followed up within the first 24 hours post cesarean. Data on patients’ characteristics, type of analgesia, type of anesthesia, pain scores, and patients’ satisfaction were collected and analyzed. ResultsAge group 26-33 years 199(51.7%) underwent cesarean section and 201(52, 2%) were elective cesarean section; 361 (93.8%) received spinal anesthesia. Most patients had pain control with low pain scores throughout the first 24 hours 90.1% except immediately after recovery admission 46.8% and 76.1% were satisfied. Morphine was associated with higher patients’ satisfaction.ConclusionThe quality of post cesarean section pain management within 24 hours at hospital is good leading to satisfaction among most patients. However, the quality of pain management was lower after leaving the theatre compared to other post-operative periods; this requires intrathecal morphine which was not used. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):372-378
Survival Status and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children Managed with Congenital Heart Diseases in Addis Ababa Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-up Study
Authors: Jaleta Daba Suyum , Teshome Girum Sebsibie , Nega Yeshi  Birhan , Radie Yosief Tsigie
Published: September 2024

BackgroundCongenital heart disease is the most prevalent congenital abnormality with a prevalence of 9 per 1000 live births. Despite the advancements in medical and surgical care, congenital heart disease is high in developing countries including Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to assess Survival status and associated factors of under-five children managed with congenital heart diseases in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. MethodsAn Institution-based retrospective follow-up study design was used among under-five children managed with congenital heart disease. Data was collected by pretested checklist from 235 randomly selected patient charts. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis; log-rank test and cox proportional hazard were employed. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. ResultA total of 224 charts were reviewed. Thirty four of them died whereas 190 of them were censored. The survival status of CHD was 84.8% to five years. Cox regression identified the following factors to be significantly associated with mortality: weight at admission (AHR=19.023; P=0.004), types of interventions (AHR=73.016; P=0.007), pre-operative condition (AHR=65.097; P=0.0001), family history of heart disease (AHR=10.81; P=0.003), maternal history of substance use (AHR=46.67; P=0.001) and maternal history of viral infection (AHR=52.034; P<0.0001).Conclusion This study showed that the survival status of all infants born with CHD was 84.8%. Mortality risk was decrease by 98.7% in surgically managed patients.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):192-203
Bergamot regulates oxidized low density lipoprotein induced inflammation and foam cell formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by regulating SIRT1/NF κB pathway
Authors: Zhao Fan , Liu Taimin , Liu Bo , Yin Jun
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effects of bergamot (BGM) on the progression of atherosclerosis, and to unravel the mechanism of action.
Methods: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL)-induced HUVECs were used as an in vitro model of atherosclerosis. CCK-8, flow cytometry (FCM), and enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays were performed to confirm the effects of BGM on the viability and inflammation of ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. Oil-red staining and immunoblot tests were conducted to determine the effects of BGM on foam cell formation and macrophage polarization. Furthermore, The mechanism of action of BGM was examined by immunoblot studies.
Results: BGM alleviated the ox-LDL-stimulated decline in HUVEC cell viability, and the ox-LDL-stimulated HUVEC inflammation, but inhibited ox-LDL-stimulated foam cell formation and macrophage polarization in vitro (p < 0.05). In addition, BGM regulated SIRT1/NF-κB pathway, thereby alleviating atherosclerosis (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: BGM regulates OX-LDL-induced inflammation and foam cell formation of HUVECs by mediating SIRT1/NF-κB pathway, and therefore can potentially serve as a drug for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
A clinical study on the efficacy of modified Sangsu Guiling Decoction in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension due to left sided heart disease
Authors: Gu Zhenhua , Wang Yichen , Tang Shuhua , Shen Chunti
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy/effectiveness of modified Sangsu Guiling Decoction (SSGD) formula when used in combination with standard Western medicine in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension caused by left-sided heart disease (PH-LHD).
Methods: A randomized controlled study was carried out on 60 PH-LHD patients recruited from Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. The patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups, each with 30 subjects. The conventional Western medicine treatment for the control group comprised oral intake of 5 mg of andrisentan daily, 0.5 g of amoxicillin capsules every 6 to 8 h (for the patients who had infections, with daily dose not exceeding 4 g); 2.5 mg of enalapril, once daily, and 25 mg of metoprolol, twice daily. The study group received 400 mL of the modified SSGD formula in soup form, in addition to the conventional Western medicine therapy. The treatments lasted three months. In both groups, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptom scoring, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), WHO functional classification, echocardiography, and assay of biochemical indicators were carried out, both before and after the 3-month treatment course.
Results: After 3-month treatments, there were significant improvements in the study group (p < 0.05) in terms of clinical symptom scores, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6MWT distance, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), WHO functional classification, and soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2) levels, relative to the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The combined use of modified SSGD formula and standard Western medicine improves the conditions of PH-LHD patients, enhances physical endurance, and reduces pulmonary systolic pressure. The combination treatment also mitigates inflammatory response, and minimizes the adverse effects caused by TCM, resulting in the enhancement of overall quality of life. Subsequent studies should involve long-term follow-up in order to determine the long-term effects of treatment.
Calcium dobesilate combined with candesartan in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and its effect on TGF b1, VEGF and IL 19 levels in the vitreous humor
Authors: Ji Hongying , Fan Sujie , Du Limin , Shi Wei , Miao Hui , Wu Jing
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of a combination therapy involving calcium dobesilate and candesartan in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and its impact on the transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-b1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-19 (IL-19) levels in the vitreous humor.
Methods: Between January 2020 and May 2023, 112 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy from Handan City Eye Hospital, China were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups: study group (n = 56) - orally administered 500 mg of calcium dobesilate combined with 50 mg of candesartan daily - and control group (n = 56), received calcium dobesilate only. Patients began treatment with calcium dobesilate and candesartan as soon as diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed. Treatment efficacy, changes in hemorrhage area, macular thickness and best-corrected visual acuity were assessed before and after treatment (for a duration of 60 days).
Results: Study group had significantly higher (p < 0.05) treatment efficacy compared to control group, achieving a total effective rate of 92.86 %. It also exhibited reduced hemorrhage area and macular thickness, which were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in control group. Best-corrected visual acuity was significantly higher in the study group (p < 0.05) followed by improved peak systolic velocity and end-diastolic velocity after treatment (p < 0.05). Additionally, TGF-b1, VEGF and IL-19 levels in the vitreous humor were significantly lower in study group compared to control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of calcium dobesilate and candesartan demonstrates significant therapeutic efficacy in treating proliferative diabetic retinopathy while reducing the TGF-b1, VEGF and IL-19 levels in the vitreous humor. Large-scale studies are needed to validate these findings and delve into treatment mechanisms and long-term effects.
In vitro cytotoxic activity of Sansevieria trifasciata against various cancer cell lines
Authors: Afzal Sheryar , Wu Yuan Seng , Zelynn Chan , Appalaraju V
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To determine the in vitro anticancer properties of Sansevieria trifasciata extracts.
Methods: The cytotoxic activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol leaf extracts at different concentrations was assessed against Vero, pancreatic (AsPC-1), lung (A549), esophageal squamous carcinoma (KYSE 150) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cancer cell lines using MTT assay. The apoptosis-inducing potential of selected S. trifasciata leaf extract was determined using a caspase 3/7 assay kit.
Results: Ethyl acetate extract of S. trifasciata leaf showed significant anticancer activity against RD cells and methanol extract against KYSE cells (p < 0.05). Ethyl acetate and methanol extract possessed higher toxicity towards RD and KYSE 150 cell lines and exhibited relatively lower toxicity towards Vero normal cells. Ethyl acetate extract-treated RD cells and KYSE 150 cancer cells had more typical apoptotic morphologic features when compared to normal cells.
Conclusion: Sansevieria trifasciata possesses anticancer activity and provides new insights for future molecular work on investigating its utilization in cancer treatment.