bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realistic Simulation of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Kiourt Chairi , Pavlidis George , Koutsoudis Anestis , Kalles Dimitris
Published: February 2017

One of the most challenging problems in the simulation of real environments is to generate worlds that appear realistic and more attractive. It becomes increasingly challenging when the simulated environment focuses on minors (students), because the young generation has high demands on simulation systems due to their experience in computer gaming. Virtual museums are among the most important simulation environments, which present cultural and educational content for everyone. Their purpose is to enrich the users experience by allowing an intuitive interaction with the museum artifacts and to offer knowledge with the most pleasant ways. This paper focuses on the aspects of realistic simulations in the development of virtual 3D environments for Cultural Heritage applications. This study includes aspects regarding some of the most high-tech image effects, applicable artificial intelligence methods, powerful game engines, how real object can be reconstructed realistically and how all those features may be combined to produce realistic, pleasant, productive and educative environments.
Evaluation of Personalised Software in Cultural Heritage
Authors: Kabassi Katerina
Published: February 2017

Personalised software has been extensively used in museum guides and recommendation systems for tours because it provides added value to the interaction of the user with cultural heritage. However, this added value can only be confirmed through an evaluation experiment. Therefore, this paper reviews on the evaluation experiments of personalised software for cultural heritage. More specifically, the paper categorises the experiment with respect to the method of evaluation and the criteria used. Finally, it provides a discussion on the main conclusions drawn the researchers conducting these experiments.
Aerial and Remote Sensing Archaeology
Authors: Kaimaris Dimitris , Georgiadis Charalampos , Patias Petros , Tsioukas Vassilis
Published: February 2017

New techniques and methodological procedures, which would allow at a short time and at low cost for the identification of a new archaeological site, were always in the interest of archaeologists. In this paper, aerial and remote sensing archaeology issues will be analyzed, both as measuring tools for the documentation of existing archaeological structures as well as tools of archaeology prospection, which are based on the appearance of the reflection of covered structures in images, i.e. the so-called marks.
Properties of Rejuvenated RAPs from Stone Mastic Asphalt
Authors: Hyzl Petr , Krcmova Iva , Nekulova Pavla , Dasek Ondrej , Coufalik Pavel
Published: February 2017

Recycling asphalt pavement creates a cycle of reusing materials that optimizes the use of natural resources. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a useful alternative to virgin materials because it reduces the need to use virgin aggregate. This paper is concerned with the current issue of using RAP in Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA). SMA is a wearing course, which is especially stable and durable. It describes the effects of application of rejuvenators on properties of asphalt binders. These rejuvenation additives restore the physical and chemical properties of aged binders. In addition, the aged asphalt binder with rejuvenators applied was subjected to a short-term laboratory aging using the RTFOT (Rolling Thin Film Oven Test). To assess the binder properties, both the standard empirical tests and more advanced functional tests (dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer) have been performed. Last part of the paper provides an evaluation of the individual rejuvenation additives. Based on the results it can be concluded that a positive change in properties of aged asphalt binder obtained from a modified RAP (from SMA) after applying all the rejuvenators has been proven. The effect of the rejuvenators during the manufacturing process and laying has been verified.
Isolation of Biofilm-Forming Bacteria from the Secondary Effluent of the Wastewater Treatment Plant and its Ability to Produce N-Acylhomoserine Lactone as Quorum Sensing Signal
Authors: Nasuno Eri , Abe Yuto , Iimura Ken-ichi , Ohno Masaki , Okuda Tetsuji , Nishijima Wataru , Kato Norihiro
Published: February 2017

Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is one of the cell-to-cell communication systems. N-Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are the most common QS signals and responsible for biofilm formation in gram-negative bacteria. Inactivation of QS, also referred to as quorum quenching, has been regarded as a popular strategy to control membrane bioreactor (MBR) operations because biofouling in MBR wastewater treatment systems is often caused by biofilm formation. In the present study, 24 bacterial strains were isolated from the secondary effluent of a wastewater treatment plant and AHL productivity and biofilm formation were evaluated on 8 out of 24 isolates. The isolated 8 strains can produce AHLs that only possess a long (C8-C14) acyl side chain. The representative 3 strains were selected from these isolates based on the higher activity of biofilm formation. The AHL separation analysis with a thin layer chromatography clearly showed that N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) and N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) existed in the secondary effluent sample, while no C6-HSL producing strain was isolated. C8-HSL was identified as the product of isolate No. 6. These results suggest that the secondary effluent probably contains various cell-to-cell signaling molecules derived not only from the inhabitants but also from the other microorganisms involved in the activated sludge for the biological pre-treatment. In this secondary effluent, AHL trapping techniques can be proposed as one of the acceptable strategies for the control of the QS systems because the remaining AHLs have relatively long acyl side chain and low concentrations.
Effect of Annealing Process on the Performance of Pressure of the φ3.5mm×8.75mm Cylindrical Copper Cylinder
Authors: Zhang Zi Xiao , Kong De Ren , Wang Fang , Jiang Tao
Published: February 2017

By using different annealing processes to anneal the pressure-measuring cylindrical copper cylinder, playing some static experiments on different copper cylinders, the difference of pressure measuring performance of copper cylinder was analyzed. Results show that, by using current annealing processes all can achieve the purpose of full softening the material of the copper cylinder and the deformation of copper is not significantly affected by the different temperatures. Some copper cylinders which use short holding time have poor linear sensitivity, but their measurement deviation is better than those which use longer holding time. So, in the actual production of copper, we should use shorter annealing time to improve their measuring accuracy.
Assessment of Simple RANS Turbulence Models for Stall Delay Applications at Low Reynolds Number
Authors: Mohamed M. Arif , Wu Y. , Skote Martin
Published: February 2017

This paper assesses the performance of three two-equation turbulence models viz. the SST k-ω, the RNG and realizable k-εfor the simulations of a rotating blade in a wind tunnel experiment where k, ε and ω are turbulent kinetic energy, dissipation rate and specific dissipation respectively. The experiments showed the stall-delay phenomenon at the inboard of the rotating blade at a Reynolds number of 4800. This trend of suction peaks was captured by all three turbulence models albeit not matching the experimental coefficient of pressure accurately. All three models also showed radial flow at the inboard which is consistent with the experiments while the SST predicted the least k at low wall values.
Seismic Performance Evaluation for Reinforced Concrete Buildings and Masonry Buildings
Authors: Lin Jeng Hsiang
Published: February 2017

Performance-based seismic design is the basis of most new seismic design standards and specifications worldwide. In a performance-based seismic design, a performance objective consists of the specification of a performance level and a corresponding probability that this performance level may be exceeded. This study explored some probability information for seismic performance for reinforced concrete buildings and masonry buildings. The exceeding probabilities of various performance levels for reinforced concrete buildings and masonry buildings during their 50-year useful lives were investigated. Then, a probabilistic evaluation was performed for these buildings to examine the achievement of desired performance design objectives.
Mode II Fracture of Functionally Graded Beams Exhibiting Material Non-Lynearity
Authors: Rizov Victor Iliev
Published: February 2017

A non-linear analysis of the mode II fracture in functionally graded materials was developed by using a beam configuration with two longitudinal cracks located symmetrically with respect to the centroid. The beam mechanical behaviour was described by a non-linear stress-strain relation. The non-linear fracture was studied by the J-integral approach. An analysis of the strain energy release rate was conducted with considering the material non-linearity in order to verify the J-integral non-linear analytical solution derived. The solution obtained is very convenient for parametric studies of mode II fracture in functionally graded beams exhibiting material non-linearity. The effects of material properties and crack location along the beam height on the non-linear fracture were evaluated. The results can be used for optimization of the beam structures with respect to the fracture performance.
The Influence of Synthetic Temperature on Structure and Performance to LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2
Authors: He Rui , Zhang Li Hui , Guo Ru Hui , Liu Zhen Fa
Published: February 2017

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was prepared by high temperature solid-state method under different synthesis temperature. The structure and morphology of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical performance of the cathode material was researched by Land 2001. XRD and SEM results show that the well-crystallized LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 composite with homogeneous small particles was obtained. And the optimum synthetic temperature was 500°C for 5 hour and 900°C for 20 hour. From charge/discharge test, it can be seen that at 0.1C, 0.2C and 0.5C rate, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 has initial discharge capacities of 178.6mAh/g, 172.9mAh/g and 152.7mAh/g, respectively. The discharge capacities of optimum sample remain above 85% after 43 cycles. This study provides the selection of synthetic temperature via solid state methods.
The Researching of CAE Intelligent Assisted System
Authors: Ma Qin Yi , Xie Da Peng , Song Li Hua , Zhou Mao Jun
Published: February 2017

At present, use of computer aided engineering (CAE) software is rapidly expanding in the manufacturing industry. However, the CAE software is not an easy tool to use because of its versatility and amount of expertise required to understand and evaluate simulation results. So the operation is more complex, and the error rate is higher in the engineering analysis. A CAE Intelligent Assisted Expert System (IAES) that supports Finite Element analysis was proposed and implemented. The CAE IAS is implemented based on VS2012 development environment, which is based on case and rule based reasoning. It is used to guide and assist CAE engineers to analyze the project, so that the accuracy and efficiency of the analysis are greatly improved and the product performance is better optimized.
‘… Earth’s proud empires pass away…’: The glorification and critique of power in songs and hymns of Imperial Britain
Authors: Tönsing Gertrud
Published: February 2017

Songs and hymns shape faith and play a part in shaping political landscapes. They can be used to build or maintain power as well as to critique and challenge it. This has been true for South Africa, and some brief examples will be given. But this article focuses on hymns and patriotic songs from the time of the British Empire and explores how they portray power, entrench superiority or build a common, global Christian identity.
John Calvin and postmodern spirituality
Authors: Fick P.H.
Published: February 2017

Postmodernists reject universal truth claims and brand them as violent impositions on a person by powerful institutions. Postmodernist spirituality seeks for a more subjective, life- experience based attitude towards values and truths of the Bible and relationship in community. Careful consideration should be given to the issues of community, knowledge/truth, faith, and faith experience. This article will show that, in his “Institutes”, Calvin gives ample attention to faith, the liberating truth about God as revealed in Jesus Christ, and to the Chris- tian’s intimate relationship with Him. Being in Christ, commu- nion with Christ or the “unio mystica cum Christo” through faith as a central theme in Calvin’s theology, needs to be redis- covered and re-applied to reformed spirituality as apologetic means in a postmodern world. This treasure should satisfy the kind of spirituality postmodernists yearn for.
The influence of Calvinism on the South African Council of Churches
Authors: Meiring P.G.J.
Published: February 2017

The impact of Calvinist theology and of reformed leadership on the South African Council of Churches (SACC) is vast. After a brief history of the SACC, the author notes the contribution that a number of reformed and presbyterian clergy and theologians have made – as presidents, general secretaries or as theo- logians who helped develop the SACC’s message. At least five principles that Calvin held dear, are reflected in the SACC’s agenda during the past decades: the quest for unity, the con- cern for mission, covenanting for justice, providing a prophetic witness in the community, and when the need arose, the willingness to confront the government of the day. The article concludes with a brief look at the future of the SACC and of the continued input that reformed theologians may be able to make.
'Wir tun nichts Gutes, wobei wir nicht sündigen': De heiliging in de verkondiging binnen de gereformeerde kerk in het 19e eeuwse Wuppertal
Authors: Kommers J. Hans
Published: February 2017

In de turbulente jaren van het midden van de 19e eeuw opponeerde de prediker Hermann Friedrich Kohlbrügge (1803−1875) tegen het optimistische vooruitgangsgeloof van zijn tijd, met zijn reformatorische verkondiging waarin Jezus Christus in het midden van de verkondiging werd gezet. In zijn preken schilderde hij niet met waterverf; een natte spons erover en alles was weg, maar zijn woorden haakten in harten en gewetens van zijn toehoorders. Juist op het ‘doen’ in het geloof legde hij accenten, waar tot op deze dag nog over gesproken wordt. Hoe zit het? Een christen doet goede werken en is volkomen in Christus en dan toch: ‘Wir tun nichts Gutes, wobei wir nicht sündigen’ (Kohlbrügge 1903:33). De concrete, praktische zaken van het leven worden bij hem niet geplaatst in de ervaringswereld van de toehoorders, kortom, dichter bij hun leven, maar toehoorders en hun werkelijkheid worden gezien in het licht van de opgestane Christus. Hoe voorkomen wij dat ons kader wordt scheefgetrokken waarin het menselijke en het geestelijke gescheiden wordt? Heiliging vraagt om een geïntergreerd leven.‘Wir tun nichts Gutes, wobei wir nicht sündigen’: The sanctification in the ministry within the Reformed church in the 19th century Wuppertal. In the turbulent years of the mid–19th century the preacher Hermann Friedrich Kohlbrügge (1803–1875) stood up against the prevailing opinion of an optimistic feel good religion with a biblical preaching in which Jesus Christ is glorified. When he preached, he did not portray with a pencil, which can be erased easily. His words were engraved in the hearts and conscience of the people listening to him. His way of highlighting the ‘deeds’ in Christian belief, are issues people still discuss today. This is how he sees it: a Christian does good deeds and is completely sanctified in Christ, yet ‘Wir tun nichts Gutes, wobei wir nicht sündigen’ (Kohlbrügge 1903:33). The practical and modern day issues of life are not placed in the experienced way people were used too, but the reality is being shown in the light of the Risen Lord. How do we prevent our framework from being pulled into the wrong direction? A direction in which the human and spiritual is separated. Sanctification means an integrated life.
Abraham Kuyper’s Christian science and empirical science – different yet similar: An investigation into epistemological structures
Authors: Grönum Nicolaas J. , Janse van Rensburg Fika
Published: February 2017

Abraham Kuyper wanted his fellow countrymen to accept biblically informed academic output as scientific and therefore authoritative. If Kuyper’s plans were to come to fruition, he would have to state the case for a Christian science in a way that made sense to an audience enamoured with empirical science. Kuyper did this when he adopted foundationalism as epistemological thought structure, just like empirical scientists did. He did also differ from empirical science in the sense that he took faith as the foundation for his epistemological thought structure. Although Kuyper’s choice for faith as foundation gave him the opportunity to introduce the Bible to scientific endeavour, his acceptance of foundationalism resulted in him dehumanising knowledge the same way empiricist scientist’s did.Abraham Kuyper se Christelike en empiriese wetenskappe - verskillend, dog dieselfde:‘n Ondersoek na epistemologiede denkstrukture. Abraham Kuyper wou dat sy tydgenote bybels-gefundeerde akademiese arbeid as wetenskaplike arbeid aanvaar. Ten einde dit tebewerkstellig moes Kuyper sy saak vir ’n Christen-wetenskap so stel dat dit sin kon maak vir sy tydgenote wat sterk onder die invloed van die waarde van empiriese wetenskapsbeoefening was. Kuyper het dit gedoen deur, soos die empiriese wetenskapsbeoefening, ook van ’n foundationalist epistemologiese denkstruktuur gebruik te maak. Hy het wel van die empiriese wetenskapsbeoefening verskil deur geloof as fondasie vir sy epistemologiese denkstruktuurte neem. Hoewel Kuyper se aandrang op geloof as fondasie hom die geleentheid gegee het om die Bybel by wetenskapsbeoefening te betrek, het sy aanvaarding van foundationalism tot gevolg gehad dat hy kennis op dieselfde wyse as die empiriese wetenskapsbeoefening dehumaniseer. [Full text article to follow]
KRAS detection on archival cytological smears by the novel fully automated polymerase chain reaction-based Idylla mutation test
Authors: De Luca Caterina , Vigliar Elena , d’Anna Melania , Pisapia Pasquale , Bellevicine Claudio , Malapelle Umberto , Troncone Giancarlo
Published: February 2017

Background:

Molecular techniques are relevant to modern cytopathology, but their implementation is difficult without molecular expertise and infrastructure. The assessment of KRAS mutational status on cytological preparations may be useful either to refine uncertain diagnoses on pancreatic aspirates or to yield predictive information to plan targeted treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The novel test Idylla™ enables fully automated KRAS genotyping in approximately 2 h, even in less experienced hands.

Materials and Methods:

This study aims to validate this methodology to detect KRAS mutations on archival cytological preparations of pancreatic cancer (n = 9) and mCRC (n = 9) by comparing the Idylla™ performance to that of standard real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

The same 11 mutations (n = 4: p.G12D; n = 2: p.G12V; n = 2: p.A59E/G/T; n = 1: p.G12R; n = 1: p.G13D; n = 1: p.Q61H) were detected by both techniques.

Conclusion:

Even in less experienced laboratories, a cytopathologist may easily integrate morphological diagnostic report with accurate KRAS mutation detection, which is relevant for diagnostic and treatment decisions.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Spinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Moon Myung-Sang , Kim Sung-Sim , Moon Han-Lim , Kim Dong-Hyeon
Published: February 2017

Even in an era of remarkable medical advances, there is an issue of why tuberculosis remains in the list of disastrous diseases, afflicting humans and causing suffering. There has not been a plausible answer to this, and it has been suggested that clinicians and medical scientists could presently not win the war against the tubercle bacilli. With regards to this issue, based on the authors' own clinical and research experiences, in this review, the available literature was revisited in order to address the raised questions and to provide recent information on characteristics of tubercle bacilli and possible ways to more effectively treat tuberculosis.
Preventive Gabapentin versus Pregabalin to Decrease Postoperative Pain after Lumbar Microdiscectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Qadeer Mohsin , Waqas Muhammad , Rashid Muhammad Jawad , Enam Syed Ather , Sharif Salman , Murtaza Ghulam
Published: February 2017

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare pregabalin and gabapentin for mean postoperative visual analog score (VAS) for pain in patients undergoing single-level lumbar microdiscectomy for intervertebral disc prolapse at a tertiary care hospital.

Overview of Literature

Pregabalin has a superior pharmacokinetic profile and analgesic effect at lower doses than gabapentin; however, analgesic efficacy must be established during the perioperative period after lumbar spine surgery.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial was carried out at our institute from February to October 2011 on 78 patients, with 39 participants in each study group. Patients undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy were randomized to group A (gabapentin) or group B (pregabalin) and started on trial medicines one week before surgery. The VAS for pain was recorded at 24 hours and one week postoperatively.

Results

Both groups had similar baseline variables, with mean ages of 42 and 39 years in groups A and B, respectively, and a majority of male patients in each group. The mean VAS values for pain at 24 hours for gabapentin vs. pregabalin were comparable (1.97±0.84 vs. 1.6±0.87, respectively; p=0.087) as were the results at one week after surgery (0.27±0.45 vs. 0.3±0.46, respectively; p=0.79). None of the patients required additional analgesia postoperatively. After adjusting for age and sex, the VAS value for group B patients was 0.028 points lower than for group A patients, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.817, R2=0.018).

Conclusions

Pregabalin is equivalent to gabapentin for the relief of postoperative pain at a lower dose in patients undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy. Therefore, other factors, such as dose, frequency, cost, pharmacokinetics, and side effects of these medicines, should be taken into account whenever it is prescribed.
Average plasma sheet polytropic index as observed by THEMIS
Authors: Frühauff Dennis , Mieth Johannes Z. D. , Glassmeier Karl-Heinz
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Multi-spacecraft data from the years 2008 to 2015 of the THEMIS mission particularly in the near-Earth plasma sheet are used in order to empirically determine the polytropic index in the quiet and active time magnetotail. The results of a number of previous studies in the 1990s can be confirmed. An analysis of the total database, although showing poor correlation, results in an average polytropic index of γ = 1. 72. The active time plasma sheet is well correlated with an average γ = 1. 49. However, the data scattering suggests that the analysis of the data in total is not adequate. In order to reduce the timescales, individual spacecraft orbits are analyzed, giving a broad distribution of polytropic indices throughout the plasma sheet. The major part of the distribution falls in a range between γ = 0. 67 and γ = 2. Our results indicate a variety of thermodynamic processes in the magnetotail and an all-time presence of heat exchange of the plasma. A description of the plasma sheet using an equation of state with a single γ is probably inadequate. This necessitates the application of more sophisticated approaches, such as a parametrization of the heat flux vector in magnetohydrodynamic equations or a superposition of polytropic indices.
A vertical representation of soil carbon in the JULES land surface scheme (vn4.3_permafrost) with a focus on permafrost regions
Authors: Burke Eleanor J. , Chadburn Sarah E. , Ekici Altug
Published: February 2017

Abstract. An improved representation of the carbon cycle in permafrost regions will enable more realistic projections of the future climate–carbon system. Currently JULES (the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) – the land surface model of the UK Earth System Model (UKESM) – uses the standard four-pool RothC soil carbon model. This paper describes a new version of JULES (vn4.3_permafrost) in which the soil vertical dimension is added to the soil carbon model, with a set of four pools in every soil layer. The respiration rate in each soil layer depends on the temperature and moisture conditions in that layer. Cryoturbation/bioturbation processes, which transfer soil carbon between layers, are represented by diffusive mixing. The litter inputs and the soil respiration are both parametrized to decrease with increasing depth. The model now includes a tracer so that selected soil carbon can be labelled and tracked through a simulation. Simulations show an improvement in the large-scale horizontal and vertical distribution of soil carbon over the standard version of JULES (vn4.3). Like the standard version of JULES, the vertically discretized model is still unable to simulate enough soil carbon in the tundra regions. This is in part because JULES underestimates the plant productivity over the tundra, but also because not all of the processes relevant for the accumulation of permafrost carbon, such as peat development, are included in the model. In comparison with the standard model, the vertically discretized model shows a delay in the onset of soil respiration in the spring, resulting in an increased net uptake of carbon during this time. In order to provide a more suitable representation of permafrost carbon for quantifying the permafrost carbon feedback within UKESM, the deep soil carbon in the permafrost region (below 1 m) was initialized using the observed soil carbon. There is now a slight drift in the soil carbon ( <  0.018 % decade−1), but the change in simulated soil carbon over the 20th century, when there is little climate change, is comparable to the original vertically discretized model and significantly larger than the drift.
Three novel copula-based bias correction methods for daily ECMWF air temperature data
Authors: Alidoost Fakhereh , Stein Alfred , Su Zhongbo , Sharifi Ali
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Data retrieved from global weather forecast systems are typically biased with respect to measurements at local weather stations. This paper presents three copula-based methods for bias correction of daily air temperature data derived from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The aim is to predict conditional copula quantiles at different unvisited locations, assuming spatial stationarity of the underlying random field. The three new methods are: bivariate copula quantile mapping (types I and II), and a quantile search. These are compared with commonly applied methods, using data from an agricultural area in the Qazvin Plain in Iran containing five weather stations. Cross-validation is carried out to assess the performance. The study shows that the new methods are able to predict the conditional quantiles at unvisited locations, improve the higher order moments of marginal distributions, and take the spatial variabilities of the bias-corrected variable into account. It further illustrates how a choice of the bias correction method affects the bias-corrected variable and highlights both theoretical and practical issues of the methods. We conclude that the three new methods improve local refinement of weather data, in particular if a low number of observations is available.
Numerical modeling of fluid effects on seismic properties of fractured magmatic geothermal reservoirs
Authors: Grab Melchior , Quintal Beatriz , Caspari Eva , Maurer Hansruedi , Greenhalgh Stewart
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Seismic investigations of geothermal reservoirs over the last 20 years have sought to interpret the resulting tomograms and reflection images in terms of the degree of reservoir fracturing and fluid content. Since the former provides the pathways and the latter acts as the medium for transporting geothermal energy, such information is needed to evaluate the quality of the reservoir. In conventional rock physics-based interpretations, this hydro-mechanical information is approximated from seismic velocities computed at the low-frequency (field-based) and high-frequency (lab-based) limits. In this paper, we demonstrate how seismic properties of fluid-filled, fractured reservoirs can be modeled over the full frequency spectrum using a numerical simulation technique which has become popular in recent years. This technique is based on Biot's theory of poroelasticity and enables the modeling of the seismic velocity dispersion and the frequency dependent seismic attenuation due to wave-induced fluid flow. These properties are sensitive to key parameters such as the hydraulic permeability of fractures as well as the compressibility and viscosity of the pore fluids. Applying the poroelastic modeling technique to the specific case of a magmatic geothermal system under stress due to the weight of the overlying rocks requires careful parameterization of the model. This includes consideration of the diversity of rock types occurring in the magmatic system and examination of the confining-pressure dependency of each input parameter. After the evaluation of all input parameters, we use our modeling technique to determine the seismic attenuation factors and phase velocities of a rock containing a complex interconnected fracture network, whose geometry is based on a fractured geothermal reservoir in Iceland. Our results indicate that in a magmatic geothermal reservoir the overall seismic velocity structure mainly reflects the lithological heterogeneity of the system, whereas indicators for reservoir permeability and fluid content are deducible from the magnitude of seismic attenuation and the critical frequency at which the peak of attenuation and maximum velocity dispersion occur. The study demonstrates how numerical modeling provides a valuable tool to overcome interpretation ambiguity and to gain a better understanding of the hydrology of geothermal systems, which are embedded in a highly heterogeneous host medium.
Consumer Innovativeness in Food Industry: From Literature Review Some Indications for Business Practices
Authors: Passaro Pierluigi , Salomone Sergio
Published: February 2017

Objectives. Through the analysis of literature, the evolution of consumer’s behaviour is traced, although with broad strokes, with the purpose of outlining the consumer innovativeness related to the sector, in anticipation of the imminent and relevant innovations in food field. Final objective is that of highlighting the principal trends which determine the modern consumer’s choices in food sphere. Methodology. The explorative-type research is essentially based on a systematic analysis of literature in theme of bent to innovation in the consumer’s behaviour. Findings. The trend which is changing the attitude to create innovative products in food field will be determined not only by the changes in the consumer’s behaviour but above all by the necessity of including such changes in the innovation process, realized by companies.Research limits. The objective difficulty in the identification of a unanimous definition of innovation does not allow to be able to carry out such an empirical survey to measure the consumer innovativeness, especially in food field.Practical implications. The deep changes intervened in the life system of consumers on the one hand, and the succeeding each other of events that have profoundly conditioned the agro-food sector on the other hand, have been subjects of studies to understand the new approach of consumers to the food offer, useful for the companies in the definition of product innovation politics. Originality of the study. The limited literature in the field of consumer innovativeness, much more in the agro-food field, makes the present research original in its attempt of theoretical systematization of concept of bent to consumer’s innovation in food field.
Numerical Analysis of Face Stability of Slurry Pipe Jacking Tunnel in Frozen Ground
Authors: Wen Kai , Shimada Hideki , Zeng Wei , Sasaoka Takashi , Hamanaka Akihiro
Published: February 2017

In this paper, a series of parametric three-dimension numerical simulations were carried out to estimate the face stability and to calculate the minimum allowable slurry pressure of pipe jacking tunnel in frozen ground for the first time. In total, 5120 of simulation schemes were done with different ground temperature, diameter and cover thickness of tunnel, cohesion and friction angle of frozen soil. In order to figure out the optimal grouting pressure, 4 groups of additional simulations are computed with the uniform face support pressure of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times of horizontal stress, σH, at tunnel axis. The qualitative analysis of heading face deformation mechanism and quantitative analysis between deformation profiles and influential factors were implemented to comprehend the heading face deformation characteristics when conducting pipe jacking tunnel in frozen ground. The results show that ground temperature plays a dominant role to control the face deformation of jacking tunnel in frozen ground. And, factors of tunnel diameter and cover thickness have relatively greater influence on the deformation regulation than that of shearing parameters of frozen soil, cohesion and friction angle. Finally, the minimum allowable slurry pressure for each simulation schemes are obtained, which may be used in construction the pipe jacking tunnel in frozen ground.
Running the Obstacle Race towards Public Accounting Harmonization in EU-28: A Temporal Study
Authors: Sforza Vincenzo , Cimini Riccardo
Published: February 2017

The European Commission has recently started a project aimed at harmonizing EU public accounting systems through the development of European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS). The project is a response to the lack of coherence between primary public-sector accounts and government financial statistics, in order to strengthen the economic governance structure in the euro area. This paper aims to show that the divergences (adjustments) between the measures of surplus/deficit in governmental (working balance, WB) and national accounting (net borrowing lending, NBL) vary over time to provide future research opportunities around the factors that, affecting temporal divergences between these measures, enhance fiscal fragility within the EU public sector accounting system. By analysing the Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP) tables issued by 28 EU countries over the period 2010-2015, the paper uses novel approaches in measuring adjustments based on network analysis and regression models, showing that they are significantly different over time.
Alta Floresta: uma colônia de Ariosto da Riva em Mato Grosso
Authors: Junior Armando Wilson Tafner , Silva Fábio Carlos da
Published: February 2017

Ariosto da Riva, devido à fundação de diversas cidades no Oeste e no Norte do Brasil, ficou conhecido como o último bandeirante. Assim como os verdadeiros bandeirantes, Ariosto da Riva foi sempre adjetivado de forma contraditória, como símbolo de bondade para uns e de perversidade para outros. Neste trabalho, é evidenciada a forma de colonização imposta pela INDECO, empresa de propriedade de Ariosto da Riva, na cidade de Alta Floresta, na Amazônia matogrossense, demonstrando os aspectos históricos e sociais resultantes de tal processo de colonização.
Mulheres, papéis sociais e processos criativos entre artesãs de brinquedos de miriti
Authors: Júnior Amarildo Ferreira , Nascimento Larissa Tuane Lima do , Figueiredo Silvio Lima
Published: February 2017

Realiza considerações sobre a inserção e posições das mulheres no Campo de Relações Sociais dos Brinquedos de Miriti de Abaetetuba (Pará/Brasil). Verifica a atuação destas na Associação dos Artesãos de Brinquedos e Artesanatos de Miriti de Abaetetuba (Asamab). Analisa os papeis atribuídos às mulheres e percebe as relações entre a construção ao gênero feminino e a divisão sexual do trabalho entre os seus membros. Verifica-se a existência de diferenças nas características dos papeis atribuídos à mulher e ao homem.
Predicting the Behavior of Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors of the Uterine Corpus
Authors: Acosta Andres Martin , Adley Brian P.
Published: February 2017

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are rare neoplasms that share phenotypic features with angiomyolipomas, clear cell sugar tumors, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. They presumably represent the neoplastic counterpart of a yet-unidentified perivascular epithelioid cell that expresses smooth muscle and melanocytic immunomarkers. The uterus is the second most common site of origin for perivascular epithelioid cell tumors, after the retroperitoneum. Although most uterine perivascular epithelioid cell tumors are clinically benign and can be cured by a complete surgical excision, there is a subset characterized by both local and distant dissemination. Unfortunately, no single histopathologic or immunohistochemical parameter can accurately predict the clinical behavior of these tumors, which is why the 2012 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the female reproductive organs suggests the use of several criteria to predict the risk of aggressive clinical behavior. Here we review those perivascular epithelioid cell tumors of the uterine corpus with aggressive clinical behavior reported in the literature, and we discuss their most relevant clinical and histopathologic features.
Human Colors—The Rainbow Garden of Pathology: What Gives Normal and Pathologic Tissues Their Color?
Authors: Piña-Oviedo Sergio , Ortiz-Hidalgo Carlos , Ayala Alberto G.
Published: February 2017

Context.—

Colors are important to all living organisms because they are crucial for camouflage and protection, metabolism, sexual behavior, and communication. Human organs obviously have color, but the underlying biologic processes that dictate the specific colors of organs and tissues are not completely understood. A literature search on the determinants of color in human organs yielded scant information.

Objectives.—

To address 2 specific questions: (1) why do human organs have color, and (2) what gives normal and pathologic tissues their distinctive colors?

Data Sources.—

Endogenous colors are the result of complex biochemical reactions that produce biologic pigments: red-brown cytochromes and porphyrins (blood, liver, spleen, kidneys, striated muscle), brown-black melanins (skin, appendages, brain nuclei), dark-brown lipochromes (aging organs), and colors that result from tissue structure (tendons, aponeurosis, muscles). Yellow-orange carotenes that deposit in lipid-rich tissues are only produced by plants and are acquired from the diet. However, there is lack of information about the cause of color in other organs, such as the gray and white matter, neuroendocrine organs, and white tissues (epithelia, soft tissues). Neoplastic tissues usually retain the color of their nonneoplastic counterpart.

Conclusions.—

Most available information on the function of pigments comes from studies in plants, microorganisms, cephalopods, and vertebrates, not humans. Biologic pigments have antioxidant and cytoprotective properties and should be considered as potential future therapies for disease and cancer. We discuss the bioproducts that may be responsible for organ coloration and invite pathologists and pathology residents to look at a “routine grossing day” with a different perspective.
A Cost‐Effective Treatment Process for Producing High‐Quality Drinking Water
Authors: Schneider Orren D. , Lechevallier Mark W.
Published: February 2017

To reduce capital spending while maintaining water quality goals, american water investigated converting GAC filters from a time‐based regeneration/replacement mode to biofiltration.
Preseismic ionospheric anomalies detected before the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake
Authors: Iwata Takuya , Umeno Ken
Published: February 2017

On 15 April 2016, the Kumamoto earthquake (Mw 7.3) occurred in Japan with no warning signals. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers provide useful information on disturbances in the ionosphere by calculating the changes in total electron content (TEC), which is the number of electrons in the ionosphere. Here we show our recently proposed correlation analysis of TEC data which can detect the preseismic ionospheric anomalies from the public GNSS data. Our method detected the ionospheric anomaly several tens of minutes before the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake near its epicenter. Furthermore, we gave an indicator to distinguish between the preseismic TEC anomalies and the medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) by calculating the anomalous area rates. These results support the hypothesis for existence of the preceding phenomena before large earthquakes.
A New rGO‐Overcoated Sb2Se3 Nanorods Anode for Na+ Battery: In Situ X‐Ray Diffraction Study on a Live Sodiation/Desodiation Process
Authors: Ou Xing , Yang Chenghao , Xiong Xunhui , Zheng Fenghua , Pan Qichang , Jin Chao , Liu Meilin , Huang Kevin
Published: February 2017

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are a promising alternative to lithium ion batteries for a broader range of energy storage applications in the future. However, the development of high‐performance anode materials is a bottleneck of SIBs advancement. In this work, Sb2Se3 nanorods uniformly wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a promising anode material for SIBs are reported. The results show that such Sb2Se3/rGO hybrid anode yields a high reversible mass‐specific energy capacity of 682, 448, and 386 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 A g−1, respectively, and sustains at least 500 stable cycles at a rate of 1.0 A g−1 with an average mass‐specific energy capacity of 417 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 90.2%. In situ X‐ray diffraction study on a live SIB cell reveals that the observed high performance is a result of the combined Na+ intercalation, conversion reaction between Na+ and Se, and alloying reaction between Na+ and Sb. The presence of rGO also plays a key role in achieving high rate capacity and cycle stability by providing good electrical conductivity, tolerant accommodation to volume change, and strong electron interactions to the base Sb2Se3 anode.
Black Phosphorus Revisited: A Missing Metal‐Free Elemental Photocatalyst for Visible Light Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhu Xianjun , Zhang Taiming , Sun Zijun , Chen Huanlin , Guan Jian , Chen Xiang , Ji Hengxing , Du Pingwu , Yang Shangfeng
Published: February 2017

Metal‐free elemental photocatalysts for hydrogen (H2) evolution are more advantageous than the traditional metal‐based inorganic photocatalysts since the nonmetal elements are generally cheaper, more earth‐abundant, and environmentally friendly. Black phosphorus (BP) has been attracting increasing attention in recent years based on its anisotropic 2D layered structure with tunable bandgap in the range of 0.3–2.0 eV; however, the application of BP for photocatalytic H2 evolution has been scarcely reported experimentally although being theoretically predicted. Herein, for the first time, the visible light photocatalytic H2 evolution of BP nanosheets prepared via a facile solid‐state mechanochemical method by ball‐milling bulk BP is reported. Without using any noble metal cocatalyst, the visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of BP nanosheets reaches 512 µmol h−1 g−1, which is ≈18 times higher than that of the bulk BP, and is comparable or even higher than that of graphitic carbon nitrides (g‐C3N4).
Highly N2‐Regioselective TsOH‐Catalyzed Olefin Hydroamination: Metal‐Free Synthesis of N2‐Alkyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles
Authors: Wei Hao , Hu Qingxia , Ma Yutao , Wei Liangming , Liu Jiaqiang , Shi Min , Wang Feijun
Published: February 2017

A highly N2‐regioselective functionalization of 2H‐1,2,3‐triazole and 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole was achieved via a para‐toluenesulfonic‐acid‐catalyzed olefin hydroamination. The reaction afforded the corresponding products with up to 92 % N2 regioselectivity.
Alkene Hydrogenations by Soluble Iron Nanocluster Catalysts
Authors: Gieshoff Tim N. , Chakraborty Uttam , Villa Matteo , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: February 2017

The replacement of noble metal technologies and the realization of new reactivities with earth‐abundant metals is at the heart of sustainable synthesis. Alkene hydrogenations have so far been most effectively performed by noble metal catalysts. This study reports an iron‐catalyzed hydrogenation protocol for tri‐ and tetra‐substituted alkenes of unprecedented activity and scope under mild conditions (1–4 bar H2, 20 °C). Instructive snapshots at the interface of homogeneous and heterogeneous iron catalysis were recorded by the isolation of novel Fe nanocluster architectures that act as catalyst reservoirs and soluble seeds of particle growth.
Triptolide Suppresses Alkali Burn‐Induced Corneal Angiogenesis Along with a Downregulation of VEGFA and VEGFC Expression
Authors: Wang Geng , Li Na , Lv Xiaohong , Ahmed Naila , Li Xinlei , Liu Huidong , Ma Jing , Zhang Yafang
Published: February 2017

Triptolide (TPL) is an active compound extracted from a Chinese herbal medicine tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (Celastraceae), which has been used as an anti‐inflammatory drug for years. It also inhibits the growth and proliferation of different types of cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of TPL on angiogenesis after chemical‐induced corneal inflammation was studied in vivo. The effects of TPL on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and tube formation of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were studied in vitro. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Migration was analyzed using the scratch wound healing assay and transwell assay. Tube formation assay was used to examine angiogenesis. Real‐time PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and VEGFC. To study the in vivo effects of TPL, the mouse model of alkali burn‐induced corneal angiogenesis was used. The angiogenesis was analyzed by determining the density of the newly generated blood vessels in corneas. We found that TPL induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of RAECs in a dose‐dependent manner. TPL inhibited migration and tube formation of RAECs and decreased the expression of VEGFA and VEGFC in vitro. Furthermore, TPL suppressed alkali burn‐induced corneal angiogenesis and inhibited the expression of VEGFA and VEGFC in corneas in vivo. In conclusion, topical TPL as a pharmacological agent has the ability to reduce angiogenesis in cornea and may have clinical indications for the treatment of corneal angiogenesis diseases which have to be further explored. Anat Rec, 300:1348–1355, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.