bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Vienna Initiative as an Example of Cross-Border Policy Coordination – Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Jović Dragan S.
Published: March 2020

At the very beginning of global economic and financial crisis, foreign capital started to withdraw from banking sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There was a huge danger that the domestic banking sector would suffer great instability due to high exposure to foreign investors. The big part of foreign funds was in the form of hot money, and the European banks highly exposed to Central and Southeast Europe had to act. EBRD and IMF launched a rescue plan aimed to slow down the deleveraging process and to preserve financial stability. The foreign banks promised that the pace of funds withdrawal would be accommodated to the preserving of home countries financial stability. The meeting about this issue was held in Vienna, which is an international banking hub for part of Central and especially for Southeast Europe. According to the meeting’s place, rescue plan got the name Vienna Initiative (VI). VI was a cross-border activity with the final aim to reduce systematic risks appeared because of the withdraw of foreign capital from BH banking sector. In this view, VI was specific m macroprudential tool for keeping financial stability. In addition, in a broader view, it was cross-border macroprudential policy coordination plan. For Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Vienna Initiative came in the right moment. Without VI it would be very hard or maybe even impossible for Bosnia and Herzegovina to preserve financial stability and to prevent the balance of payment crisis, and even currency crisis and banking crisis. Thus, in the case of BH, VI was very successful cross-border policy coordination due to the large exposure of domestic banking sector to the foreign investors. At the pick of crisis foreign liabilities of BH banking sector were 6 billion BAM (12/2008) i.e. 32,5% of total liabilities or 29% of total asset. All developed models show that foreign liabilities have a great influence on loans, deposits, and industrial production. The unexpected fall in foreign liabilities would have adverse and very strong effects on deposits, loans, and industrial production. All models show that foreign liabilities significantly affect economic and financial activity in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We used different techniques to show influences of foreign liabilities on domestic variables; Vector autoregression in level and in differences, Vector error correction model, Conditional VAR, and multiple regression models. All models show that in case of disorderly withdrawal of foreign funds, fall in industrial production, deposits, and loans would be much higher than in the case when VI is applied. The main conclusion of the article is that VI helped BH to avoid huge and long negative credit growth i.e. credit crunch, and to avoid deeper economic crisis.
Digital Signature and Organization of Decentralized Authentication in Business Environment
Authors: Talić Tijana , Radić Gordana , Avramović Zoran Ž.
Published: March 2020

Modern electronic communication is fast and efficient. It has never been easier to change the document’s content. In this paper, we explain and show through practical work how it is possible to protect the data sent electronically in business communication by using decentralized authentication systems.
On Possible Cryptographic Optimization of Mobile Healthcare Application
Authors: Đorđević Goran , Marković Milan
Published: March 2020

The paper deals with a possible SOA based m-healthcare online system with secure mobile communication between patients and medical professionals with medical and insurance organizations. An example of an Android-based secure mobile client application is presented which can be used in the described secure m-healthcare model and it is experimentally evaluated. In the paper, we focus on possible optimization of cryptographic algorithms implemented in the secure Android mobile client application. The presented experimental results justify that security operations related to X.509v3 digital certificate generation and XML/WSS digital signature creation/verification are feasible on some current smart phones and justify the use of the proposed optimization techniques for implemented cryptographic algorithms.
Identifying the Most Significant Indicators of the Total Road Safety Performance Index- Case Study: European Union
Authors: Tešić Milan , Hermans Elke , Lipovac Krsto , Pešić Dalibor
Published: March 2020

The review of the national and international literature dealing with the assessment of the road safety level has shown great efforts of the authors who aimed to define the methodology for calculating the composite road safety index on a territory (region, state, etc.). The procedure for obtaining a road safety composite index of an area has been largely harmonized. The question that has not been fully resolved yet concerns the selection of indicators. There is a wide range of road safety indicators used to show the road safety situation in a territory. The road safety performance index (RSPI) obtained on the basis of a larger number of safety performance indicators (SPIs) enables decision makers to more precisely define earlier goal- oriented actions. Recording a broader comprehensive set of SPIs helps identify the strengths and weaknesses of an area’s road safety system. Therefore, there is a need for calculating a road safety performance index with a limited number of indicators (RSPIlnn) which will provide a comparison of sufficient quality, of as many countries as possible. The application of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and correlation analysis has helped to check if the RSPIlnn is likely to be of sufficient quality. A strong correlation between the RSPIlnn and the RSPI based on all indicators has been identified using the proposed methodology. This will help achieve the standardization of indicators including data collection procedures and selection of the key list of indicators that need to be monitored.
Metabolic Syndrome and Pharmacological Treatment Measures
Authors: Semiz Ljiljana , Semiz Zoran Ž. , Semiz Marko Z.
Published: March 2020

Metabolic syndrome is a set of several different pathological conditions and risk factors that are often the cause of many unwanted cardiac and cerebrovascular occurrences. It is highly represented around the world, especially in countries with excessive and inadequate nutrition, insufficient physical activity of the population and obesity, with a constant growth trend. The work included 1052 patients with HTA of which DM was 309 (29.4%). Out of the total number of 1052 patients with metabolic syndrome there were 675 (64.2%) patients. Observing certain determinants of the metabolic syndrome HTA was present in all observed patients. Low HDL cholesterol values were found in 503 (74.5%) patients and the lowest incidence was hyperglycaemia (252 mg / 37.3%). Implemented pharmacological treatment measures have led, in most patients, the blood pressure to optimal or normal. The effect of pharmacological therapy on glycaemic value in patients with metabolic syndrome led to the normalization of glycaemia in majority of patients. The results achieved have improved the quality of life of patients and motivated them for further treatment.
Aflatoxins as Food Contaminants
Authors: Kvaternik Marin , Todorović Milena , Nikolić Miodrag , Protić Marina
Published: March 2020

Mycotoxins are nowadays one of the most known and most frequent chemical food contaminants. Among the listed mycotoxins, aflatoxins are the most important group of mycotoxins in terms of impact on human and animal health. Of the known mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic. The main sources of aflatoxins are cereals, oilseeds, nuts, dried fruit, and spices. The most commonly used screening method for the detection of mycotoxins is the immunoenzyme (ELISA) method. The purpose of this paper is to show the types of foodstuffs and the results of sample analyses of aflatoxin B1 in these foodstuffs carried out at the Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Srpska - Regional Center Doboj in the period from 2011 to 2017, and to propose measures for improvement of supervision in this area, i.e. to recommend certain measures in order to prevent the occurrence of aflatoxins in foodstuffs.
Dispersion Modeling of Accidental Releases of Propane Gas
Authors: Ilić Predrag , Nešković Markić Dragana , Stojanović Bjelić Ljiljana , Farooqi Zia Ur Rahman
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates the impact of accidental release of propane gas in surrounding areas consequences of propane gas leak studying the negative effects on both the environment and individuals. Subject of the research is impact of accidental release of propane gas in in business zone “Ramići-Banja Luka”, Banja Luka. The ALOHA software has been used in this paper to modelling of propane release. The modelling was performed for an accidental release of 4,000 kg propane from unsheltered single storied for one hour. For a typical average atmospheric condition in location, this accidental propane release would cause a red zone of 101 metres (AEGL-3=33,000 ppm), orange zone of 159 metres (AEGL-2=17,000 ppm) and yellow zone of 324 metres (AEGL-1=5,500 ppm) to downwind from the source.
Nursing interventions in the treatment of syndrome Takotsubo // Zadaci kardiološke medicinske sestre u lečenju Takotsubo sindroma
Authors: Ognjenović Areta
Published: March 2020

Takostube syndrome (TS; broken heart syndrome) is described as transient reversible cardiomyopathy that occurs in older women in most cases as a result of mental or psychological suffering. It is associated with various disorders and it is defined as Takotsubo Syndrome (TS). The clinical picture is similar to acute coronary syndrome, but it must differ from acute ischemic heart disease. Ethiopathological factors have not been fully clarified, but the main role in the development of TS by catecholamine-induced spiking myocardial capillaries or the direct toxicity of catecholamines themselves.There are no strict guidelines in the implementation of health care for patients with TS. Given the great similarity in the clinical picture between acute myocardial infarction and TS, the same procedures and tasks are used in practice as in patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation, while coronarography does not prove to be the opposite. The patient under suspicion of diagnosis of TS is admitted to the coronary unit.Healthcare goals for the treatment of patients with TS are identical to those in acute coronary syndrome and include: pain relief, tension reduction - anxiety, preservation of myocardial function, and prevention and treatment of complications.
The Effects of Programmed Kinesiological Treatment on Correction of Kyphosis and Flat Feet Deformity in Pupils / Efekti programiranog kineziološkog tretmana na korigiranje deformiteta kifoze i ravnog stopala kod učenika
Authors: Mikić Branimir , Bajrić Senad , Čerkez-Zovko Ivana , Pehar Miran , Stankovska Zorica
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of programmed kinesiological treatment on transformation of postural spinal status in the sagittal plane - kyphosis and flat feet - pes planus, in IV to VI grade pupils (second triad of nine-year elementary school). The study was conducted on a 290 pupil sample.Eight (8) variables were applied in the study to evaluate postural spine status - kyphosis and flat feet - pes planus. The research had a longitudinal character. The use of contingent tables shows the frequencies and the corresponding percentages increase the deformity of the spine - kyphosis and flat feet - pes planus.The results of the study indicate the statistical significance of the percentage of deformity of the kyphosis and flat feet - pes planus. Changes in the arch of the feet and spine are mainly in the first stage of deformation, which also enabled the correction of the condition with the application of programmed kinesiological treatment.Therefore, in the global assessment of the quality and justification of the use of programmed kinesiological treatment for one school year, we must state that it contributed to the improvement of the deformity of the kyphosis and the flat feet of the research sample of pupils.
Motivational Orientation of Primary School Students in Physical Education Classes / Motivacione orijentacije učenika osnovne škole u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja
Authors: Lukić Nikola , Vukićević Veljko , Škundrić Gojko , Vignjević Slobodan
Published: March 2020

Physical education is considered to be a favorable context for achieving significant educational outcomes and promotion of physical activity in children and young people. The real scope of physical education is largely dependent on student motivation. The theory of self-determination as a kind of motivation of the motivation, offers a grateful framework for understanding the motivation of students in the teaching of physical education. On a sample of 121 respondents, from fifth through seventh grade and the same students, after one year, a self-regulation questionnaire was applied in order to examine students’ motivational orientations. The student survey was conducted at the time of physical education at the elementary school “Branko Radičević” in Odžaci. Based on the results of motivational orientations of students obtained with the t-test for dependent samples, we obtained that there are statistically significant differences in the identified regulation and intrinsic motivation, while for other types of motivation the differences are small but not statistically significant. With differences between boys and girls at initial and final measurement in motivational orientations in physical education, in amotation we received statistically significant differences only on the final measurement. There was no change in external regulation, while in the introjected regulation there was a change only in the final measurement. With the identified regulation and intrinsic motivation, the results showed that there are statistically significant differences both on the initial and the final measurement. When it comes to boys, statistically significant differences are obtained in the identified regulation and intrinsic motivation. Regarding only girls, statistically significant differences existed in the identified regulation and intrinsic motivation as well as in the introjected regulation and amotization, while the difference was not only present in the external regulation.
Mobilna aplikacija WordUp – inovativno i zabavno usvajanje vokabulara engleskog jezika
Authors: Maenza Neda , Gajić Tijana
Published: March 2020

Savremene tehnologije, koje su iz dana u dan svefunkcionalnije i naprednije, u znatnoj meri su uvećalemogućnosti za učenje i usavršavanje stranih jezika, a samim tim iunapređenje svih jezičkih veština. U ovom radu predstavljeni susavremeni trendovi u učenju engleskog jezika i načini bogaćenjaleksičkog fonda, neophodni za jačanje svih jezičkih veština, a uzpomoć mobilne aplikacije Word Up. Ova aplikacija se izdvaja odostalih jer pronalazi praznine u znanju svakog korisnikapojedinačno i stvara personalizovani plan učenja i usvajanja reči,grupišući ih po korisnosti i upotrebnoj vrednosti, u zavisnosti odkategorije kojoj korisnik aplikacije pripada. U radu jepredstavljeno istraživanje sprovedeno sa ciljem ispitivanjastavova studenata o korišćenju ove mobilne aplikacije kao alataza poboljšanje jezičkog fonda. Rad nudi i opis metodologijeistraživanja i načina obrade podataka. Nakon analize rezultata,date su preporuke, kako za dalja istraživanja, tako i zakorišćenje inovativnih tehnologija za lakše pamćenje i učenjenovih, sasvim nepoznatih ili polupoznatih reči, kao i za usvajanjeviše značenja - polisemije već poznatih reči i izraza. Ovaaplikacija se preporučuje svim zainteresovanima, voljnim da nasvakodnevnom nivou usavršavaju i bogate leksički fondengleskog jezika, na ležeran, zabavan, a pre svega edukativannačin.
Obrazovanje 4.0: U korak sa industrijskom revolucijom
Authors: Dobrojević Miloš
Published: March 2020

U Bosni i Hercegovini, kao i u ostalim državama nastalim na teritoriji bivše Jugoslavije i danas je dominantan model sistema obrazovanja sa kraja XIX i početka XX veka, proistekao iz druge industrijske revolucije čija je osnovna karakteristika bila masovna proizvodnja. Brzi tempo industrijalizacije poljoprivrednog društva, organizacija proizvodnje po sistemu montažne trake uz standardizaciju i eliminaciju ručnog rada su stvorili potrebu za velikim brojem radnika sa ograničenim setom radnih veština. Da bi se zadovoljile potrebe za radnom snagom, obrazovanje je takođe prilagođeno masovnoj proizvodnji kroz sistem osnovnih, srednjih, stručnih i visokih škola, koji je proizvodio kadrove prosečnog kvaliteta i sa ograničenim setom radnih veština. U poslednjih 50 godina, napredak informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija (IKT), sveopšta digitalizacija i automatizacija proizvodnje, pojava Interneta i međusobno umrežavanje fabričkih postrojenja su eliminisali potrebu za nespecijalizovanom radnom snagom. Nasuprot tome, tempo razvoja novih tehnologija od radnika sa specijalizovanim veštinama zahteva permanentno usavršavanje i usvajanje novih znanja. Nažalost, postojeći obrazovni sistem u državama bivše Jugoslavije nije u stanju da prati tempo koji diktira pojava novih IKT, niti industriji da obezbedi u značajnim količinama radnu snagu koja bi svojim kvalitetom mogla da parira modernim izazovima. Kako IK tehnologije proistekle iz četvrte industrijske revolucije mogu da pomognu da se ovaj problem reši?
A new species of romance: Walpole’s nostalgic fusion of medieval and modern
Authors: Savković Katarina , Zečević Snežana , Drinić Igor
Published: March 2020

Cilj rada je da rasvetli vezu između prošlosti isadašnjosti ostvarenu u Otrantskom zamku Horasa Volpola(Horace Walpole), način na koji je ta veza uspostavljena, te udeonostalgije u stvaranju gotskog romana nazvanog novom vrstomromanse. Horas Volpol bio je engleski plemić i kolekcionarfasciniran gotskom arhitekturom, srednjovekovnim životom iprošlošću uopšte. U ovom duhu napisao je 1764. godine svojroman prvenac, Otrantski zamak, čiji žnačaj ne leži toliko unjegovoj umetničkoj vrednosti, koliko u činjenici da je u pitanjupionirski gotski roman iz kog su pisci crpli inspiraciju dugonakon njegovog objavljivanja. Elementi poput smrti, ludila,propadanja, proročanstava i natprirodnih događaja koje jeVolpol spojio u Otrantu, mogu se bez većih poteškoća uočiti unaučno-fantastičnim i delima horor žanra današnjice,prvenstveno u književnosti i kinematografiji, a zatim i upopularnoj kulturi uopšte. Imajući ovo u vidu, mišljenja smo daOtrantskom zamku valja posvetiti pažnju, čime bi se moglodoprineti potpunijem razumevanju savremenih umetničkihdostignuća nastalim po ugledu na njega, kao i obogaćivanju onihkoja će tek uslediti.
An ultralong CDRH2 in HCV neutralizing antibody demonstrates structural plasticity of antibodies against E2 glycoprotein
Authors: Flyak Andrew I , Ruiz Stormy E , Salas Jordan , Rho Semi , Bailey Justin R , Bjorkman Pamela J
Published: March 2020

A vaccine protective against diverse HCV variants is needed to control the HCV epidemic. Structures of E2 complexes with front layer-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) isolated from HCV-infected individuals, revealed a disulfide bond-containing CDRH3 that adopts straight (individuals who clear infection) or bent (individuals with chronic infection) conformation. To investigate whether a straight versus bent disulfide bond-containing CDRH3 is specific to particular HCV-infected individuals, we solved a crystal structure of the HCV E2 ectodomain in complex with AR3X, a bNAb with an unusually long CDRH2 that was isolated from the chronically-infected individual from whom the bent CDRH3 bNAbs were derived. The structure revealed that AR3X utilizes both its ultralong CDRH2 and a disulfide motif-containing straight CDRH3 to recognize the E2 front layer. These results demonstrate that both the straight and bent CDRH3 classes of HCV bNAb can be elicited in a single individual, revealing a structural plasticity of VH1-69-derived bNAbs.
Duodenal Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Treated with Chemotherapy
Authors: An Jee young , Kim Joon Sung , Kim Byung Wook
Published: March 2020

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas most commonly occur in the stomach and rarely in the duodenum. Gastric MALT lymphoma is usually associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection that may be cured by eradication. However, duodenal MALT lymphoma is not associated with H. pylori infection. Moreover, the pathophysiology and treatment methods for duodenal MALT lymphoma have not yet been established because the disease is rare. Here, we report a case of duodenal MALT lymphoma. A 58-year-old man was treated for a refractory duodenal ulcer. Based on repeated biopsy, a diagnosis of MALT lymphoma was made. The patient achieved complete remission after chemotherapy and was followed up without recurrence for three years.
Evolutionary history of the Cameroon radiation of puddle frogs (Phrynobatrachidae:Phrynobatrachus), with descriptions of two critically endangered new species from the northern Cameroon Volcanic Line
Authors: Gvoždík Václav , Nečas Tadeáš , Dolinay Matej , Zimkus Breda M. , Schmitz Andreas , Fokam Eric B.
Published: March 2020

The Cameroon Volcanic Line, a mountain chain located between West and Central Africa, is a region of numerous endemic diversifications, including of puddle frogs (Phrynobatrachus). This study reviews the phylogeny and taxonomy of puddle frogs of the “Cameroon radiation,” which is a clade containing mainly montane but also at least three lowland species. Molecular data revealed a novel evolutionary lineage from high altitudes in the northern part of the mountains. Puddle frogs from the new, minute-sized (SVL < 20 mm) lineage are identified using molecular, morphological and acoustic data and described as two new species,Phrynobatrachus arcanussp. nov. (Gotel Mountains, Cameroon–Nigeria) andP. mbabosp. nov. (Tchabal Mbabo, Cameroon). The tadpole of the first species is also described. Phylogenetic analyses placed the new lineage to the proximity of the recently described lowland small-sized taxa (P. horsti,P. ruthbeateae). Based on the inferred phylogeny, we propose five species groups within the Cameroon radiation:P. arcanus,P. chukuchuku,P. ruthbeateae,P. steindachneri, andP. werneri. The taxonomically enigmaticP. hylaiosis proposed to be a member of theP. ruthbeateaespecies group. The basal radiation evolved during the late Miocene with subsequent diversifications occurring during the Pliocene, while closely related terminal taxa originated during the Pleistocene. We recommend that the newly described species are categorized as Critically Endangered due to their limited ranges and because recent surveys did not identify any individuals at the type localities. This further supports the need for conservation interventions in the mountains of Cameroon and Nigeria.
Psychometric evaluation of a newly developed Elderly-Constipation Impact Scale
Authors: Abdul Wahab Patimah , Mohd Yusoff Dariah , Abdul Kadir Azidah , Ali Siti Hawa , Lee Yeong Yeh , Kueh Yee Cheng
Published: March 2020

Background

Chronic constipation is a common symptom among the elderly, and it may affect their quality of life (QoL). A lack of available research focused on the elderly means that this effect is not well understood. This study aimed to develop and validate a new scale (Elderly-Constipation Impact Scale (E-CIS)) to measure the impact of chronic constipation on QoL among the elderly.

Methods

A pool of items was generated from a qualitative study, literature reviews, and expert reviews. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the original 40 items of the E-CIS and followed by 27 items for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A total of 470 elderly people with chronic constipation were involved.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 68.64 ± 6.57. Finally, only 22 items were indicated as appropriately representing the E-CIS, which were grouped into seven subscales: ‘daily activities’, ‘treatment satisfaction’, ‘lack of control of bodily function’, ‘diet restriction’, ‘symptom intensity’, ‘anxiety’ and ‘preventive actions’. The scale was confirmed as valid (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.04, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.961, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.952 and chi-square/degree of freedom (chiSq/df) = 1.44) and reliable (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.66–0.85, composite reliability (CR) = 0.699–0.851) to assess the impact of chronic constipation on the elderly’s QoL.

Conclusions

The E-CIS is useful to measure the impact of chronic constipation on the elderly’s QoL. A further test is needed to determine the validity and reliability of this scale in other elderly population.
Ativação territorial das agroindústrias rurais familiares na Região do Alto Médio Uruguai
Authors: Albarello Ezequiel Plínio , Alberto Junior Carlos , Machado Deponti Cidonea
Published: March 2020

O artigo busca compreender se e como as agroindústrias familiares do CODEMAU podem tornar-se ativos territoriais, permitindo seu desenvolvimento e da região. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, baseada em dados disponíveis no “Plano de desenvolvimento: arranjo produtivo local, agroindústria familiar e diversidade no Médio Alto Uruguai”, e pesquisa empírica, baseada na aplicação de um questionário para 66 agroindústrias familiares, distribuídas por 16 municípios pertencentes ao CODEMAU. Concluiu-se, por um lado, que as agroindústrias do CODEMAU, com a formação da ADEMAU, apresentaram estratégias coletivas de ação, aproveitando os recursos genéricos e específicos do território, o que favorece a possibilidade de ativação territorial; por outro lado, que são necessárias políticas públicas adequadas para a revelação dos “recursos escondidos” para a eficácia da ação dos atores no território, sem o que o processo de ativação territorial tende a ser prejudicado.
Problemáticas e valores representados na literatura cinza sobre água em Joinville-SC
Authors: Schwarz Maria Luiza , Bonatti Joceline , Meira Roberta Barros
Published: March 2020

A água é, em seus diferentes contextos, a questão central deste artigo. Ele resulta de pesquisa baseada em análise de conteúdo. O objetivo é verificar o núcleo dos sentidos contidos nas representações de dois escritores e dois jornais, com textos publicados em diferentes épocas da história do município de Joinville, no estado de Santa Catarina. Foram analisadas duas obras do memorialista Schneider (1994; 1995) e do historiador Ficker (1965), assim como matérias dos jornais “Gazeta de Joinville” (dos últimos quatro anos) e “Jornal de Joinville” (dos últimos seis meses). A água é representada 132 vezes nos livros e 161 vezes nos jornais. Os resultados mostram que os temas sobre este recurso têm assumido um valor utilitarista/tecnológico, incluindo os modos de sua gestão, sendo poucos os valores atribuídos à importância vital da água para as diversas formas de vida do planeta. O presente artigo busca discutir a relevância e os problemas que envolvem a água em Joinville, analisando se persistem os valores e problemas atribuídos ao recurso ou se eles se diferenciam ao longo do tempo, fornecendo pistas para ações futuras.
Cenários de desenvolvimento para o Amapá 2020-2050
Authors: Chagas Marco Antonio , Filocreão Antônio Sérgio Monteiro
Published: March 2020

Este artigo descreve as atividades econômicas atualmente em curso no estado do Amapá e prospecta cenários de desenvolvimento para o período 2020-2050. Apresenta as atividades que mobilizam recursos naturais e o uso da terra, como mineração, hidrelétricas, petróleo e gás, agronegócio, áreas protegidas, além das condições da urbe amapaense. Em termos metodológicos, utiliza variáveis de empregabilidade, impactos, riscos e conflitos distributivos para prospectar três possíveis cenários: um trágico, um tradicional e um sustentável. Conclui-se que o Amapá segue tendência que caminha para uma realidade que se situa entre o trágico e o tradicional, embora não se descarte o cenário sustentável como utopia societária emancipatória. Contudo, este cenário somente é admitido epistemologicamente, em contexto de radical mudança política, distante do atual quadro dominado pela regulação social neoliberal.
Burguesia industrial e a construção de uma agenda de desenvolvimento: a perspectiva da FIERGS
Authors: Cadona Marco André
Published: March 2020

Com base nos posicionamentos políticos da FIERGS (Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul) no contexto das eleições de 2018, o artigo apresenta a agenda de desenvolvimento defendida pela burguesia industrial do Rio Grande do Sul. Depois de resgatar a participação da FIERGS na discussão sobre o desenvolvimento no Rio Grande do Sul, desde os anos 1980, são analisados os cinco temas que estruturaram a agenda de desenvolvimento, defendida por essa fração subnacional da burguesia industrial no Brasil nas eleições de 2018: 1. Segurança jurídica, desburocratização, simplificação e eficiência administrativa/tributária do setor público; 2. Infraestrutura e logística; 3. Adequação do tamanho e peso do setor público, estabilidade macroeconômica e financiamento; 4. Inserção externa e novas tecnologias; 5. Empreendedorismo, indústria e sociedade. O artigo indica que a burguesia industrial do Rio Grande do Sul atua como força social e coletivamente organizada na defesa de uma agenda de desenvolvimento sustentada num processo histórico de afirmação/reafirmação dos pressupostos neoliberais.
Influence of Poultry Manure Rates on the Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Rivers State
Authors: Adesina O. L. , Wiro K. O.
Published: March 2020

Knowledge of optimum rates of poultry manure application is of immense significance in the correction of the soil nutrient deficiencies for crop production. Manure application is of importance to both the soil amendment and in the growth and yield of crops. Leaching, pattern of cropping, use of non-certified seeds and non-improved varieties have hampered the efficient growth and yield of okra. The study was conducted to examine the growth and yield responses of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) to poultry manure rates in Rivers State. The research study became imperative to examine how rate of poultry manure could affect the production of okra. The experiment utilized three rates of poultry manure, 0-tons (control), 5-tonsha-1 and 10-tonha-1and the treatment combination arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) replicated three times. Growth characteristics measured were, plant height, stem thickness, leaf area and number of leaves per plant while yield parameters measured were pod length, seeds per pod, total number of pods, pod yield per hectare. The results revealed that appropriate rate of poultry manure application in the production of okra has the capacity to increase okra growth and yield in Rivers State. The use of 10-tonha-1 of poultry manure performed better than other poultry manure rates and so it’s recommended that okra farmers in the study area should apply 10-tonha-1 for high quality and quantity production of okra in  Rivers State.
The Effects of Fine Dust on Children's Health: The Moderating Effects of Poverty and Green Area Ratio
Authors: Kim Si Ah , Park Ji Hye , Han Da Young , Chung Ick-Joong
Published: March 2020

We live under substantial influence of our surrounding environment, and children are more vulnerable to climate hazards such as fine dust (PM10). However, there is a dearth of research confirming the multifaceted effects of fine dust on children's physical and mental health. This study clarifies the relationship between PM10 and children’s health, examining the moderating effects of poverty and green area ratio. The results were as follows. First, fine dust (PM10) has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of children. Second, the effect of PM10 on children’s mental health is moderated by the green area ratio of the children’s residences. Based on the results of this study, a disaster welfare policy is proposed to protect climate change-vulnerable populations from fine dust.
A Study on Flame and Smoke Detection Algorithm Using Convolutional Neural Network Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Ryu Jinkyu , Kwak Dongkurl
Published: March 2020

Recently, cases of large-scale fires, such as those at Jecheon Sports Center in 2017 and Miryang Sejong Hospital in 2018, have been increasing. We require more advanced techniques than the existing approaches to better detect fires and avoid these situations. In this study, a procedure for the detection of fire in a region of interest in an image is presented using image pre-processing and the application of a convolutional neural network based on deep-learning. Data training based on the haze dataset is included in the process so that the generation of indoor haze smoke, which is difficult to recognize using conventional methods, is also detected along with flames and smoke. The results indicated that fires in images can be identified with an accuracy of 92.3% and a precision of 93.5%.
A Study on the Establishment of Sprinkler System in Duct Passing through Fire Compartment Walls
Authors: Kwon Younghee , Chae Seungun , Min Sehong
Published: March 2020

The need for a standard review of fire prevention and related statutes and human safety protection against fire spread has emerged owing to the recent diversification of fire types and the increase in the scale of damage in the K-industrial complex's electronic parts manufacturing plant. The building law mitigates the installation of fire dampers (FDs) by fixing sprinkler heads to the inside of the exhaust duct that penetrates the fire compartment wall in the electronic components manufacturing plant. However, the clause presents only alternative applicability and does not present any installation criteria. This results in conflicting interpretations between the Fire Protection Act and the Building Act, causing major confusion in the work. Therefore, in this study, three problems of building legal fire-fighting facilities in electronic parts manufacturing plants with special process characteristics were reviewed and analyzed. In addition, performance standards and standards for inspection and maintenance of building-legal firefighting facilities suitable for preventing the spread of flames were presented.
Root Cause Analysis of Electric Fires and Risk Diagnosis of Parked Vehicles
Authors: Choi Minseok
Published: March 2020

Generally, a vehicle's electrical circuits are protected against overcurrent. However, an overcurrent protector cannot completely prevent fires. In particular, fires that occur in parked vehicles are often caused by Joule heat and arc faults owing to contact failures, partial disconnection, arc tracking, and connection errors in the circuit that continues to receive electricity from the battery. Since the flowing current in such a case is not an overcurrent, the fuse will not react and may thereby cause a fire. Additionally, if a wire burns and causes a short circuit after the fire, the fuse will react to cut off the electricity supply, but cutting off the electricity supply after ignition has no significance. Furthermore, since an overcurrent protection device cannot determine whether Joule heat and arc faults are occurring in anelectrical circuit, a thermal imaging test is required in addition to visual inspection and should be conducted duringvehicle inspection.
An Experimental Study on the Combustion Characteristics of Major Combustible Materials in Office Buildings
Authors: Lee Byeongheun , Jin SeungHyun , Kim DongEun , Kwon Youngjin
Published: March 2020

Performance-based design (PBD) that is introduced to secure the fire safety of buildings requires engineering analysis such as simulation. However, in domestic applications, it is dependent on the standards and data from the U.S.A. and Japan. Therefore, in this study, we measured the fire-load of combustibles in office buildings to secure basic data and the engineering design method. We also selected the main combustible that is commonly investigated in Tackett Buildings which was experimented on using the hood of aroom-corner testing machine. In addition, the fire growth rate was derived based on the results classified by the growth stages of the combustible. We proposed a method to apply the combustion characteristics of the domestic combustible.
A Study on the Health Vulnerability Assessment of Particle Matter in Incheon
Authors: Jung Seung Kwon , Jun Kye Won
Published: March 2020

This study presents health vulnerability assessment indicators of particle matter, such as exposure indicators, sensitivity indicators, and adaptive indicators, based on the health vulnerability assessment indicators presented by IPCC (2007). To derive the suggested evaluation indices, basic data from 2018 were analyzed. The response variables for each indicator through re-scaling were combined to calculate and present vulnerability indices for administrative regions. The response variable of the exposure indicator was weighted to reflect the local environment and regional characteristics. The present study proposes a plan to manage particle matter in the administrative district of Incheon by utilizing the calculated health vulnerability index of such matter.
Effect of Atmospheric Humidity on Fine Dust Measurement Using the Light Scattering Method
Authors: Lee Chang Ho , Oh Sung Nam
Published: March 2020

The interest in fine dust has greatly increased. Therefore, sensors and devices for measuring the concentration of fine dust have been developed and are being used. For example, the distribution of light scattering measuring sensors has increased the use of self-measurement to manufacture and measure fine dust detectors. However, fine dust detectors that use light scattering are extremely sensitive to humidity; there is a highly sensitive component that recognizes water vapor in the air as fine dust. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to quantitatively understand the influence of atmospheric humidity on the concentration of fine dust and to use this understanding to correct measured values. In this study, we investigated the correlation between fine dust concentration and relative humidity measured by a fine dust sensor using the light scattering method. As a result, relative humidity and fine dust concentration exhibited a high positive correlation. The same trend was also observed when the humidity either increased or decreased.
The Impacts of Large Natural Hazards on Neighborhood Diversity
Authors: Lee Dalbyul
Published: March 2020

This study analyzes the impacts of natural hazards on neighborhoods, focusing on their age and housing type diversity. It estimates how the diversity of neighborhoods having experienced large natural hazards since 2005 changed between 1995 and 2015, as compared to neighborhoods without such experiences. "Neighborhood" was defined as a census tract of the National Statistical Office, and longitudinal data analysis was used to clarify the differences in natural hazards' impacts according to the characteristics (damage intensity and financial independence) of the neighborhoods. The results of the analyses are as follows: First, age and housing type diversity decrease immediately in the aftermath of large natural hazards but tend to recover quickly. Second, the impacts differ in accordance with the neighborhood's characteristics. Age diversity in neighborhoods with severe damage tends to decrease sharply but increases rapidly during recovery. In neighborhoods with high levels of financial independence, age diversity tends to increase, while housing type diversity tends to decrease, and post-disaster growth rates tend to be reversed.
Retinal Annular Ring Lines of White Without Pressure
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Du Man , Wang Shuting
Published: December 2024

This case report discusses a diagnosis of white without pressure in the peripheral retina of a patient with high myopia.
Square pegs in round holes: How do pediatric emergency medicine fellowship program directors fit graduates of emergency medicine residencies into their programs?
Authors: Runkle Anne P. , Feliu Marianela , Lo Charmaine B. , Way David P. , Mitzman Jennifer
Published: December 2024

Objective

Pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship directors can interview candidates from either pediatric or EM residency programs. Currently, most candidates are pediatricians; however, because emergency physicians have attributes that could benefit PEM, our goal was to investigate facilitators and barriers to training more of them to become PEM physicians.

Methods

We surveyed U.S. PEM fellowship program directors (PDs) about their program's recruitment practices: Do they recruit only pediatricians or mostly pediatricians with an occasional emergency physician or do they actively recruit both? We solicited volunteers from each recruitment group for interviews. These were recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded using summative content analysis. Comments were cataloged into themes that were philosophical or logistic in nature and those that might facilitate (drivers) or serve as barriers (restrainers) to the inclusion of emergency physicians in PEM.

Results

We received 50 of 86 (58%) survey responses, 29 (34%) of whom volunteered for interviews. The 17 volunteers we selected for interviews generated 13 themes that fell into the four major theme categories: four philosophical drivers, three logistic drivers, two philosophical restrainers, and four logistic restrainers. Program groups differed with regard to the inclusion of emergency physicians. Most limiting were the impact of variable program length and the implicit belief that pediatricians are best suited to treat children. Most beneficial is the recognized value of EM graduates to the field of PEM.

Conclusions

While PDs acknowledged a growing need for PEM physicians, particularly in community hospitals, and that emergency physicians would contribute to PEM, they also identified the logistical burden of including them in programs primarily designed for pediatricians. This burden involves maintaining separate curricula for EM graduates and finding emergency physician faculty to serve as mentors. PDs also expressed a desire for resources to guide the integration of more emergency physicians into their programs.
Assessment of Suitable Habitats, Fragmentation Analysis, and Ecological Corridor Identification for Sichuan Golden Snub‐Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Sichuan Province, Southwest China
Authors: Dai Yunchuan , Zhu Yujing , Xia Wancai , Zou Shuzhen , Wang Fan , Li Dayong
Published: December 2024

The Sichuan golden snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) was found to possess significant scientific and conservation value but faced multiple threats including habitat fragmentation and loss, human disturbance, illegal hunting, and the impacts of climate change on their habitat. To enhance habitat protection for this species, our study utilized field survey data and distribution records from protected areas to systematically evaluate spatial heterogeneity in suitable habitat distribution and habitat quality in Sichuan Province. Integration of 3S technology and ecological modeling allowed for a comprehensive assessment. We found that: (1) The potential habitat area for the species in Sichuan Province covered 78,470.47 km², with suitable and marginally suitable habitats occupying 28,301.36 and 50,169.11 km² respectively. Suitable habitats were predominantly found at elevations of 1600–3200 m, in areas with low population density and minimal human disturbance. (2) Suitable habitats within protected areas accounted for 42.7% of the total suitable habitat area, while marginally suitable habitats within protected areas comprised 24.8% of the total marginally suitable habitat area. (3) Vegetation types most utilized by the species, ranked from highest to lowest preference, were deciduous broadleaf forests, evergreen coniferous forests, evergreen broadleaf forests, mixed coniferous‐deciduous forests, and shrublands. Evergreen coniferous forests exhibited the largest patch area and lowest fragmentation, whereas deciduous broadleaf forests showed higher fragmentation within protected areas. (4) Four potential ecological corridors were identified, connecting the Wujiao, Xuebaoding, and Baodinggou nature reserves. Strengthening the protection of suitable habitats and potential ecological corridors would enhance landscape connectivity, facilitating the effective utilization of suitable habitats by the Sichuan golden snub‐nosed monkey. Our findings provided a scientific basis for future conservation and management efforts for the Sichuan golden snub‐nosed monkey.
Novel Scent Enrichment Enhances Socio‐Sexual and Olfactory Behaviors in Zoo‐Housed Gentle Lemurs
Authors: Fontani Sara , Glendewar Gale , Cowen Rachel , Callagan Georgia , Costantini Anna B. , Elwell Emily , Dubreuil Colin , Palframan Matthew , Vaglio Stefano
Published: December 2024

The Alaotran gentle lemur (Hapalemur Alaotrensis) is one of the most endangered primates in the world and shows a low success rate in captive breeding programmes. We tested a novel scent enrichment, made up of a synthesized mixture likely conveying information about female fertility, on four unsuccessful breeding pairs (n = 8 subjects) living at the Jersey, Birmingham, London (United Kingdom) and Mulhouse (France) zoos. We evaluated the effects of the scent enrichment on behavior (515 h of observation) and fecal endocrinology (cortisol and testosterone measurements) (n = 180 samples) comparing pre‐ enrichment, enrichment and post‐ enrichment phases. We found a small effect by sex on olfactory behaviors related to the enrichment. We also found that both male and female sexual behaviors significantly increased during the enrichment. Conversely, we did not find any significant change related to enrichment in cortisol and testosterone levels, whilst some effect by the zoo environment. Our results show little effectiveness by the scent enrichment as the lemur hormone levels did not change significantly and the lemurs continued to fail to reproduce following the enrichment. Nevertheless, our findings highlight that biologically relevant scent may trigger natural species‐specific behaviors, with potential implications for enhancing behavioral health and management of zoo‐based endangered lemur species.
Sex‐specific mechanisms of cerebral microvascular BKCa dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Silva Josiane F. , Polk Felipe D. , Martin Paige E. , Thai Stephenie H. , Savu Andrea , Gonzales Matthew , Kath Allison M. , Gee Michael T. , Pires Paulo W.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Cerebrovascular dysfunction occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD), impairing hemodynamic regulation. Large conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels (BKCa) regulate cerebrovascular reactivity and are impaired in AD. BKCa activity depends on intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+ sparks) and nitro‐oxidative post‐translational modifications. However, whether these mechanisms underlie BKCa impairment in AD remains unknown.

METHODS

Cerebral arteries from 5x‐FAD and wild‐type (WT) littermates were used for molecular biology, electrophysiology, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments.

RESULTS

Arterial BKCa activity is reduced in 5x‐FAD via sex‐dependent mechanisms: in males, there is lower BKα subunit expression and less Ca2+ sparks. In females, we observed reversible nitro‐oxidative modification of BKCa. Further, BKCa is involved in hemodynamic regulation in WT mice, and its dysfunction is associated with vascular deficits in 5x‐FAD.

DISCUSSION

Our data highlight the central role played by BKCa in cerebral hemodynamic regulation and that molecular mechanisms of its impairment diverge based on sex in 5x‐FAD.

Highlights

Cerebral microvascular BKCa dysfunction occurs in both female and male 5x‐FAD.

Reduction in BKα subunit protein and Ca2+ sparks drive the dysfunction in males.

Nitro‐oxidative stress is present in females, but not males, 5x‐FAD.

Reversible nitro‐oxidation of BKα underlies BKCa dysfunction in female 5x‐FAD.