bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Sekolah Dasar Tentang Keberagaman Budaya Aceh Singkil
Authors: Asfiana  , Lubis Silvia Sandi Wisuda
Published: January 2024

Sudah sepantasnya di zaman sekarang, bukan lagi pada tahap penyesuaian antara pendidikan yang bersanding dengan teknologi namun sudah pada tahap mahir baik dari penggunaan maupun pembuatannya. Namun fakta lapangan membuktikan bahwa semua itu belum terealisasikan dengan semestinya, banyak dijumpai pada proses pembelajaran di kelas tidak menggunakan media yang mendukung proses pembelajaran, apalagi pada penggunaan media yang berbau teknologi, masih belum banyak digunakan saat pembelajaran. Dari hal tersebut, pembenahan harus segera dilakukan dalam rangka peningkatan peran aktif siswa membentuk pengetahuan yang nantinya berfungsi untuk peningkatan pemahanan dan keterampilan siswa terhadap pemecahan masalah. Komponen yang berperan dalam proses pembelajaran saling mempengaruhi satu dengan yang lainnya, tidak terkecuali dengan penggunaan media pembelajaran. Jenis metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development). Instrumen yang dipakai untuk pengumpulan data diantaranya hasil angket, dan dokumentasi. Angket digunakan untuk pengumpulan data tanggapan dan saran dari subjek validator ahli selanjutnya digunakan untuk revisi. Angket yang dibutuhkan penelitian pengembangan ini diantaranya angket penilaian ahli materi dan angket penilaian ahli media. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan yang berjudul “Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Sekolah Dasar tentang Keberagaman Budaya Aceh Singkil” video pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal dalam meningkatkan pemahaman siswa tentang keberagaman budaya Aceh Singkil menyatakan bahwa penelitian dan pengembangan ini membuahkan hasil produk perangkat pembelajaran yang dikemas dan disajikan dengan bentuk video pembelajaran yang “valid” dalam pembelajaran kebudayaan di kelas IV MIN 27 Aceh Besar. Penelitian dan pengembangan video pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal masih membutuhkan tindak lanjut guna memperoleh perangkat pembelajaran yang layak.
Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Whiteboard Animation dalam Menumbuhkan Keterampilan Abad 21 Mata Pelajaran Al-Qur'an Hadits di MI Assyafi'iyah Keben
Authors: M. Yunus  , M. Fadlil
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze the use of Whiteboard Animation as a learning medium in teaching Al-Qur'an Hadith to sixth grade students. This study also aims to implement the use of Whiteboard Animation in teaching Al-Qur'an Hadith to develop 21st century skills and analyze its contribution in developing these skills. The research method used is descriptive analytical research with a qualitative approach. The research subjects consisted of teachers and sixth grade students at an Islamic elementary school in Indonesia. The results showed that the use of Whiteboard Animation in teaching Al-Qur'an Hadith can increase students' interest and motivation in learning. This media provides a more interesting and interactive learning experience, so that students are more active and involved in the learning process. Besides that, using Whiteboard Animation can also help sis.
Transhumanizam kao izazov kršćanskoj antropologiji
Authors: Singbo Odilon-Gbènoukpo
Published: January 2024

Autor prikazuje glavne ideje transhumanističke antropologije koje po svojoj naravi predstavljaju izazov filozofskoj i teološkoj antropologiji. Najprije ističe glavne karakteristike dosljedne antropologije o kojoj se promišlja iz filozofske, kulturne i teološke perspektive kako bi se vidjelo na koji se način transhumanizam razilazi s njom. Nadalje, rad opisuje transhumanističku antropologiju kao tehnocentrički usmjerenu s opasnošću odbacivanja Boga, i posljedično čovjeka. Dana obećanja u takvoj antropologiji pokazuju redukcionističko poimanje čovjeka čije se ispunjenje nalazi u tehnologiji. Na kraju autor prikazuje konkretan primjer suvremenog načina proizvodnje savršenog djeteta pod utjecajem transhumanističkih ideja čime želi ukazati na opasnost transhumanizma koji se ne može smatrati znanstvenom fantastikom.
PENATAAN KEMBALI OBJEK WISATA PANTAI KURENAI DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR EKOLOGI
Authors: DJABURA OKRILA , Dewi Banteng Beby Sintia , Ajami Frans Mitran
Published: January 2024

The plan aims to arrange the tourist area of Kurenai Beach in Botubarani Village, Kabila Bone district using an Ecological Architecture approach. The tourist area is a place of holiday or recreation from the density of day-to-day activities with fun and enjoyment with facilities and facilities that have been available such as parks, art stage buildings, mushollah, restaurants, children's playgrounds, canteens, gazebo, villa 1 and villa 2. The design of the Kurenai Beach Tourist area with an area of 6 ha aims to arrange sites, structural systems, utility systems, circulation systems and prasarana facilities which are adapted to Ecological Architecture. Ecological architecture is an architectural style that takes care of the surrounding environment of both plants, animals and humans, as well as minimizes the use of energy resources that are not renewable to last longer.
PERANCANGAN PERUMAHAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR MODERN DI KOTA GORONTALO
Authors: Ajami Frans Mitran , Algiffari M. Fauzhan
Published: January 2024

Housing development is part of the national housing development that needs to be improved and developed in a kite-oriented, directed and planned manner so that it can address housing problems. In housing development, it is necessary to design housing through a modern approach. Modern architecture is an International Style that adheres to Form Follows Function which is completely boxy, undecorated and monotonous repetition. Design using concepts with a modern architectural approach is the most important part in building design so that it can determine success in understanding the wishes of the assignor in accordance with government regulations. The aim of this research is to find out the application of the concept through a modern architectural approach in the design of housing developments in the city of Gorontalo. This study uses qualitative methods and observations as a first step in determining the application of modern concepts in housing design type 120. The variables in this study are site, climatology, topographical analysis, circulation, noise, vegetation, zoning, utilities and design of the application of modern architecture. Through this design, it will become an example or recommendation in housing development with a modern approach.
Phytochemistry and biological activity of Onosma rascheyana extracts (Boiss.)
Authors: Sarikurkcu Cengiz , Demir Ersin , Ozer Mehmet Sabih , Binzet Riza
Published: January 2024

In recent years, it has been determined that Onosma species exhibit interesting biological/pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol (MeOH), water and ethyl acetate extracts obtained from the aerials parts of Onosma rascheyana (Boiss.). The chemical compositions of the extracts were determined using spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. Biological activities of the extracts were determined using antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory test systems. The MeOH extract was found to be rich in both phenolics and flavonoids (31.55 mg GAEs/g and 15.20 mg REs/g, respectively). The MeOH extract also contained higher amounts of 4-hydroxybenzoic and p-coumaric acids compared to other phytochemicals. The MeOH extract exhibited remarkable activity in all antioxidant test systems. However, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical cation (ABTS) scavenging assay resulted in superiority of water extract (88.90 mg TEs/g). The relative antioxidant capacity indices (RACI) of the extracts and the correlations between these values and antioxidant activities confirmed the high activity of the MeOH extract. In the α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity tests, the ethyl acetate extract showed high activity, while the tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay resulted in the superiority of the MeOH extract (59.72 mg KAEs/g). It was concluded that the extracts of O. rascheyana could be used as alternative agents in the food, cosmetic and medical industries due to their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities.
El control interno y su incidencia en la gestión operativa
Authors: Espinoza Rosero Gloria Belén , López Cali Verónica Estefanía
Published: January 2024

La finalidad del estudio es determinar si un efectivo sistema de control interno incide en el cumplimiento de los objetivos establecidos, y en la optimación de los recursos. Como metodología emplea un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando para medir la variable independiente, un cuestionario de control interno basado en el modelo COSO, el cual se aplicó a todos los colaboradores de una Institución de Educación Superior privada de Guayaquil, y para la variable dependiente se utilizó un cuestionario de la evaluación de desempeño del personal. Se obtuvo una excelente consistencia interna de los instrumentos de medición con un Alpha de Cronbach de 0,90 y de 0,82 respectivamente. Con el software estadístico R Studio se utilizó la correlación de Spearman, obteniendo como resultado una correlación positiva entre las variables dependientes eficiencia y eficacia respecto las variables independientes componentes del control interno, se evaluó, además, la significancia de los factores de correlación estimados lo que permitió rechazar la hipótesis nula de igualdad a cero. Estos resultados confirman que la organización puede incrementar su gestión operativa mediante la mejora de sus controles internos y encaminar así sus políticas internas y procesos establecidos.
সৈয়দ শামসুল হকের নূরলদীনের সারাজীবন: প্রসঙ্গ ইতিহাস
Authors: সোহেলী জান্নাত
Published: January 2024

সারসংক্ষেপ: স্বাধীনতা-উত্তরকালে বাংলা কাব্যনাট্যের শৈল্পিক রূপায়ণে সৈয়দ শামসুল হক অনন্যসাধারণ, অবিকল্প নির্মাণশিল্পী। কবিতা ও কথাসাহিত্যের মতোই,, অনুবাদ-নাটক, বিশেষত আঞ্চলিক ভাষায় বাস্তবগন্ধী কাব্যনাটক সৃজনে তাঁর আগ্রহ ও সাফল্য ঈর্ষণীয়। তাঁর কাব্যনাটকসমূহের অবয়বে প্রতিবিম্বিত হয়েছে বাঙালির দীর্ঘ সংগ্রামের ইতিহাস, নিজস্ব সমৃদ্ধ লোক-ঐতিহ্য, সমকালীন আর্থ-সামাজিক- রাজনীতি আর জাতিগত অপার সম্ভাবনার প্রতিচিত্র। ফলত তাঁর কাব্যনাট্য হয়ে উঠেছে বাঙালির শক্তি-সাহস, প্রতিবাদ-প্রতিরোধ, সংগ্রাম-সংক্ষোভ আর উজ্জীবনের অসামান্য রূপকল্প । এর অনন্য দৃষ্টান্ত বৃহত্তর রংপুর অঞ্চলের কৃষকবিদ্রোহের ইতিহাস নিয়ে তাঁর রচিত কাব্যনাটক নুরলদীনের সারাজীবন। এ কাব্যনাট্যটির ঐতিহাসিকতা অনুসন্ধানই আমাদের প্রবন্ধের মূল উদ্দেশ্য।
INOVASI PEMANFAATAN PUDDING KAPULAGA SEBAGAI POTENSI SUMBER DAYA LOKAL DALAM PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI DESA PANTAN NANGKA, KECAMATAN LINGE
Authors: Sa’ad Lewaldi , Fajri Maulidil , Manik Erni , Khair Miftahul , Felinda Putri Lili , Veronica Cindi , Rahmina Rahmina
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACK
Central Aceh is one of the districts in Aceh province. The capital city of Central Aceh is Takengon, which is a small town with cold weather located on one of the ridges of the Bukit Barisan mountains which lie along the island of Sumatra, Central Aceh district is located in the Gayo highlands. Other districts in this area are Bener Meriah district and Gayo Lues district. The service activities carried out in Kampung Pantan Nangka Village, Linge District, Central Aceh Regency consisted of preparation, socialization and introduction of cardamom pudding products, and training in making cardamom pudding. To get to know pudding, there was socialization and an introduction to the processing of cardamom into pudding, in the form of counseling which was attended by 25 participants. Pudding is one name for various desserts which are generally made from boiled ingredients. In general, pudding is grouped into wet foods which are usually served on certain occasions. Pudding is made from a mixture of gelatin powder, sugar and water. In processing, pudding can be combined with various other ingredients such as fruit, vegetables, milk, nuts, and so on. Pudding has a sweet taste with a soft texture so it is liked by everyone from children to adults
The Influence of Discipline and TPP on Performance Through Achievement Motivation in Civil Servants at The DPRD Secretariat Purwakarta District
Authors: Amalia Dinda , Jumiati Eti , Ningrum Intan Rusita
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of discipline and additional employee income (TPP) on performance through achievement motivation as an intervening variable in the State Civil Apparatus at the Purwakarta Regency DPRD secretariat. The data source in this study was obtained from a questionnaire (primary) distributed to respondents. The population of this research is the staff of DPRD Purwakarta. The research sample amounted to 24 people. The research analysis method used is the outer model and inner model test. The research findings show that the direct effect: discipline has no effect on performance (P-Value 0.806 > 0.05); TPP affects performance (P-Value 0.001 < 0.05); achievement motivation affects performance (P-Value 0.00 < 0.05); Discipline affects achievement motivation (P-Value 0.002 < 0.05); TPP has no effect on achievement motivation (P-Value 0.740 > 0.05). Indirect effect: achievement motivation successfully mediates discipline to performance (P-Value 0.003 < 0.05), but achievement motivation does not successfully mediate between TPP to performance (P-Value 0.716 > 0.05).
UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGGULANGAN PERMASALAHAN STUNTING DI DESA CILAMAJANG, KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Ilmaa Miftahul , Amalia Nurul Firda , Setiadi Pidi Mohamad Setiadi
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACKHealth is a gift that should be grateful for and maintained, nutrition is part of health. Balanced nutrition can support the creation of a healthy and fit body. However, quite a few nutritional problems arise, one of which is the nutritional problem of stunting. Indonesia is being shocked by the nutritional problem of stunting. Problems that cause stunting in the subdistrict where we serve include babies being born stunted. This lack of nutritional intake can occur when the baby is still in the womb because the mother does not meet nutritional needs during pregnancy and lacks nutritional intake when the child is full of breast milk. Research carried out in Cilamajang Village, Tasikmalaya City in August 2023. This research method aims to find out and studying toddlers who have nutritional problems in Cilamajang Village, which is a phenomenological research study with a qualitative descriptive approach. The total number of community service activities carried out is approximately one month, which includes planning, implementation and evaluation activities. In the first step, the Community Service team identified village potential that could be used to solve the stunting problem in Cilamajang.
La inclusión educativa del alumnado con discapacidad a través de la Educación Física. El estudio de un caso
Authors: Martínez Morales Juan Ramón , Ramón Llin Más Jesús
Published: January 2024

Esta investigación parte del proyecto Aprendizaje de Servicio (ApS) TSEAS-UECO puesto en marcha por las Escuelas San José-Jesuitas de Valencia. Su objetivo principal pretende abordar la “incertidumbre” del alumnado TSEAS hacia el alumnado NEE, para fomentar la inclusión y la igualdad de oportunidades en el ámbito educativo a través de la Educación Física, ayudando al alumnado con discapacidad a romper barreras sociales y culturales que limitan su participación en la sociedad. Durante dos cursos escolares se han analizado a través de la observación participante las prácticas inclusivas diseñadas y adaptadas curricularmente por alumnado de 2º curso del ciclo formativo de TSEAS a alumnado UECO, realizándose una evaluación-diagnóstico inicial y otra final, así como una observación de campo y entrevistas al alumnado TSEAS participante. Los resultados señalan un progreso curricular del alumnado UECO a través de la Educación Física y la práctica deportiva, que han mejorado las interacciones sociales y la comunicación de todo el alumnado, así como un avance muy significativo del alumnado TSEAS. A través de esta investigación se ha podido comprobar empíricamente que la educación y la salud a través de la Educación Física son claves en la inclusión social para el alumnado con discapacidad, ya que generan una mayor igualdad de oportunidades al proporcionar hábitos saludables, prevenir enfermedades y mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas.
Diálogos apócrifos: sobre educação, ensino de língua e literatura
Authors: Mortatti Maria do Rosário Longo
Published: January 2024

Em Diálogos apócrifos, estão reunidos textos selecionados da produção da autora, Maria do Rosário Longo Mortatti, durante sua atuação profissional: entre 1976 e 1991, como professora de língua portuguesa e literatura na rede pública oficial de ensino paulista e em escolas particulares da cidade de Campinas/SP; e, a partir de 1991, como docente universitária vinculada à Unesp (Universidade Estadual Paulista). São textos de palestras, entrevistas, notas e artigos de opinião ou divulgação científica, escritos entre 1986 e 2014, que permaneceram inéditos ou foram publicados em veículos de circulação restrita ou atualmente fora de circulação. Todos estão relacionados com a temática “educação e ensino de língua e literatura”, na qual estão circunscritos os temas de estudos e pesquisas que a autora veio desenvolvendo ao longo das últimas quatro décadas. Os textos estão organizados em ordem cronológica de sua produção e circulação, propiciando maior visibilidade da perspectiva interdisciplinar, no que se refere à relação tanto dos temas entre si quanto com as demandas que motivaram sua abordagem, em cada momento histórico. Essa ordenação cronológica propicia ainda que o leitor relacione informações e opiniões sobre os assuntos abordados com o momento histórico a que se referem, evitando, assim, anacronismos.
Autotrophic growth of E. coli is achieved by a small number of genetic changes
Authors: Ben-Nissan Roee , Milshtein Eliya , Pahl Vanessa , de Pins Benoit , Jona Ghil , Levi Dikla , Yung Hadas , Nir Noga , Ezra Dolev , Gleizer Shmuel , Link Hannes , Noor Elad , Milo Ron
Published: January 2024

Synthetic autotrophy is a promising avenue to sustainable bioproduction from CO
2
. Here, we use iterative laboratory evolution to generate several distinct autotrophic strains. Utilising this genetic diversity, we identify that just three mutations are sufficient for
E. coli
to grow autotrophically, when introduced alongside non-native energy (formate dehydrogenase) and carbon-fixing (RuBisCO, phosphoribulokinase, carbonic anhydrase) modules. The mutated genes are involved in glycolysis (
pgi
), central-carbon regulation (
crp
), and RNA transcription (
rpoB
). The
pgi
mutation reduces the enzyme’s activity, thereby stabilising the carbon-fixing cycle by capping a major branching flux. For the other two mutations, we observe down-regulation of several metabolic pathways and increased expression of native genes associated with the carbon-fixing module (
rpiB
) and the energy module (
fdoGH
), as well as an increased ratio of NADH/NAD+ - the cycle’s electron-donor. This study demonstrates the malleability of metabolism and its capacity to switch trophic modes using only a small number of genetic changes and could facilitate transforming other heterotrophic organisms into autotrophs.
Cardiac glycosides restore autophagy flux in an iPSC-derived neuronal model of WDR45 deficiency
Authors: Papandreou Apostolos , Singh Nivedita , Gianfrancesco Lorita , Budinger Dimitri , Barwick Katy , Agrotis Alexander , Luft Christin , Shao Ying , Lenaerts An-Sofie , Gregory Allison , Jeong Suh Young , Hogarth Penelope , Hayflick Susan , Barral Serena , Kriston-Vizi Janos , Gissen Paul , Kurian Manju A , Ketteler Robin
Published: January 2024

Beta-Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration (BPAN) is one of the commonest forms of Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation, caused by mutations in the gene encoding the autophagy-related protein, WDR45. The mechanisms linking autophagy, iron overload and neurodegeneration in BPAN are poorly understood and, as a result, there are currently no disease-modifying treatments for this progressive disorder. We have developed a patient-derived, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based midbrain dopaminergic neuronal cell model of BPAN (3 patient, 2 age-matched controls and 2 isogenic control lines) which shows defective autophagy and aberrant gene expression in key neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental and collagen pathways. A high content imaging-based medium-throughput blinded drug screen using the FDA-approved Prestwick library identified 5 cardiac glycosides that both corrected disease-related defective autophagosome formation and restored BPAN-specific gene expression profiles. Our findings have clear translational potential and emphasise the utility of iPSC-based modelling in elucidating disease pathophysiology and identifying targeted therapeutics for early-onset monogenic disorders.
Structural insights in the GTP-driven monomerization and activation of a bacterial LRRK2 homologue using allosteric nanobodies
Authors: Galicia Christian , Guaitoli Giambattista , Fislage Marcus , Gloeckner Christian J. , Versées Wim
Published: January 2024

The Roco proteins are a family of GTPases, characterized by the conserved presence of a Roc-COR tandem domain. These proteins entered the limelight after mutations in human LRRK2 were identified as a major cause of familial Parkinson’s disease. LRRK2 is a large and complex protein combining a GTPase and protein kinase activity, and disease mutation increase the kinase activity, while presumably decreasing the GTPase activity. Although a cross-communication between both catalytic activities has been suggested, the underlying mechanisms and the regulatory role of the GTPase domain remain unknown. Recently, several structures of LRRK2 have been reported, but so far structures of Roco proteins in their activated GTP-bound state are lacking. Here, we use single particle cryo-EM to solve the structure of a simpler bacterial Roco protein (CtRoco) in its GTP-bound state, aided by the use of two conformation-specific nanobodies: Nb
Roco1
and Nb
Roco2
. This structure presents CtRoco in an active monomeric state, featuring very significant conformational changes compared to the previously solved nucleotide-free dimer structure. In particular, the structure shows a very large GTP-induced conformational change of the LRR domain, unleashing it from the Roc-COR domains, using the Roc-LRR linker as a hinge. Furthermore, this structure shows how Nb
Roco1
and Nb
Roco2
collaborate to activate CtRoco in an allosteric way. Altogether, our data provides important new insights in the activation mechanism of Roco proteins, with relevance to LRRK2 regulation, and suggest new routes for the allosteric modulation of their GTPase activity.
The arts of attention and Oslo Architecture Triennale
Authors: Sachs Olsen Cecilie
Published: January 2024

This paper starts from a two-fold observation: firstly, that attention rests at the core of our environmental challenges; and secondly, that by becoming (more) attentive to the modified, transformed, and controlled urban environments in which we dwell, we may be better equipped to attend to these challenges. The paper therefore develops and introduces “an urban attention ecology” that seeks to expand our ability to attend to urban form in ways that open possibilities to critically address and creatively negotiate the ways in which cities are built and inhabited. The potentials and challenges of the urban attention ecology are thought through in a practice-based account of a broad range of critical spatial practices centring around the theme of degrowth. These practices took the form of performances, installations, and other artistic projects that the author gathered, developed and presented as curator of the Oslo Architecture Triennale 2019.
Cover photo: The Factory of the Future at the Norwegian Centre for Design and Architecture. OAT / Istvan Virag.
q-Rung orthopair fuzzy dynamic aggregation operators with time sequence preference for dynamic decision-making
Authors: Farid Hafiz Muhammad Athar , Riaz Muhammad , Simic Vladimir , Peng Xindong
Published: January 2024

The q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROPFS) is a kind of fuzzy framework that is capable of introducing significantly more fuzzy information than other fuzzy frameworks. The concept of combining information and aggregating it plays a significant part in the multi-criteria decision-making method. However, this new branch has recently attracted scholars from several domains. The goal of this study is to introduce some dynamic q-rung orthopair fuzzy aggregation operators (AOs) for solving multi-period decision-making issues in which all decision information is given by decision makers in the form of “q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers” (q-ROPFNs) spanning diverse time periods. Einstein AOs are used to provide seamless information fusion, taking this advantage we proposed two new AOs namely, “dynamic q-rung orthopair fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging (DQROPFEWA) operator and dynamic q-rung orthopair fuzzy Einstein weighted geometric (DQROPFEWG) operator”. Several attractive features of these AOs are addressed in depth. Additionally, we develop a method for addressing multi-period decision-making problems by using ideal solutions. To demonstrate the suggested approach’s use, a numerical example is provided for calculating the impact of “coronavirus disease” 2019 (COVID-19) on everyday living. Finally, a comparison of the proposed and existing studies is performed to establish the efficacy of the proposed method. The given AOs and decision-making technique have broad use in real-world multi-stage decision analysis and dynamic decision analysis.
Feature extraction from customer reviews using enhanced rules
Authors: Santhiran Rajeswary , Varathan Kasturi Dewi , Chiam Yin Kia
Published: January 2024

Opinion mining is gaining significant research interest, as it directly and indirectly provides a better avenue for understanding customers, their sentiments toward a service or product, and their purchasing decisions. However, extracting every opinion feature from unstructured customer review documents is challenging, especially since these reviews are often written in native languages and contain grammatical and spelling errors. Moreover, existing pattern rules frequently exclude features and opinion words that are not strictly nouns or adjectives. Thus, selecting suitable features when analyzing customer reviews is the key to uncovering their actual expectations. This study aims to enhance the performance of explicit feature extraction from product review documents. To achieve this, an approach that employs sequential pattern rules is proposed to identify and extract features with associated opinions. The improved pattern rules total 41, including 16 new rules introduced in this study and 25 existing pattern rules from previous research. An average calculated from the testing results of five datasets showed that the incorporation of this study’s 16 new rules significantly improved feature extraction precision by 6%, recall by 6% and F-measure value by 5% compared to the contemporary approach. The new set of rules has proven to be effective in extracting features that were previously overlooked, thus achieving its objective of addressing gaps in existing rules. Therefore, this study has successfully enhanced feature extraction results, yielding an average precision of 0.91, an average recall value of 0.88, and an average F-measure of 0.89.
Using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to predict criminal charges and sentences from Taiwanese court judgments
Authors: Peng Yi-Ting , Lei Chin-Laung
Published: January 2024

People unfamiliar with the law may not know what kind of behavior is considered criminal behavior or the lengths of sentences tied to those behaviors. This study used criminal judgments from the district court in Taiwan to predict the type of crime and sentence length that would be determined. This study pioneers using Taiwanese criminal judgments as a dataset and proposes improvements based on Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). This study is divided into two parts: criminal charges prediction and sentence prediction. Injury and public endangerment judgments were used as training data to predict sentences. This study also proposes an effective solution to BERT’s 512-token limit. The results show that using the BERT model to train Taiwanese criminal judgments is feasible. Accuracy reached 98.95% in predicting criminal charges and 72.37% in predicting the sentence in injury trials, and 80.93% in predicting the sentence in public endangerment trials.
Understanding park visitors’ soundscape perception using subjective and objective measurement
Authors: Ferguson Lauren A. , Taff B. Derrick , Blanford Justine I. , Mennitt Daniel J. , Mowen Andrew J. , Levenhagen Mitchell , White Crow , Monz Christopher A. , Francis Clinton D. , Barber Jesse R. , Newman Peter
Published: January 2024

Environmental noise knows no boundaries, affecting even protected areas. Noise pollution, originating from both external and internal sources, imposes costs on these areas. It is associated with adverse health effects, while natural sounds contribute to cognitive and emotional improvements as ecosystem services. When it comes to parks, individual visitors hold unique perceptions of soundscapes, which can be shaped by various factors such as their motivations for visiting, personal norms, attitudes towards specific sounds, and expectations. In this study, we utilized linear models and geospatial data to evaluate how visitors’ personal norms and attitudes, the park’s acoustic environment, visitor counts, and the acoustic environment of visitors’ neighborhoods influenced their perception of soundscapes at Muir Woods National Monument. Our findings indicate that visitors’ subjective experiences had a greater impact on their perception of the park’s soundscape compared to purely acoustic factors like sound level of the park itself. Specifically, we found that motivations to hear natural sounds, interference caused by noise, sensitivity to noise, and the sound levels of visitors’ home neighborhoods influenced visitors’ perception of the park’s soundscape. Understanding how personal factors shape visitors’ soundscape perception can assist urban and non-urban park planners in effectively managing visitor experiences and expectations.
Application of fenugreek in ruminant feed: implications for methane emissions and productivity
Authors: Zeng Xiangbiao , Chen Yiwen , Li Wenjuan , Liu Shijun
Published: January 2024

Background

Human demand for meat and dairy products will increase as a result of economic development and population growth, and the farming of ruminants, such as cattle and sheep, will also increase. Methane (CH4) emission from the enteric fermentation of ruminant livestock is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and a significant contributor to global warming. Meanwhile, growth performance is often limited and animals are more vulnerable to diseases in high-density, intensive farming, greatly reducing livestock productivity, so developing ways to reduce CH4 emissions and improve ruminant productivity has become a research hotspot. Studies have reported that fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as feed additives have the potential to reduce ruminant methane and improve the productivity. However, systematic reviews of such studies are lacking.

Methodology

In this review, databases of Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct were used for the literature search. The initial keywords search was fenugreek or Trigonella foenum-graecum L. For more focused search, we added terms such as methane, rumen fermentation, growth, milk production and antioxidants. All were done for ruminants. The literature that conforms to the theme of this article is selected, summarized, and finally completed this article.

Results

By regulating the rumen microbiome (suppressing protozoans, methanogenic bacteria, and fungi), fenugreek can lower CH4 emissions according to many in vitro anaerobic fermentation experiments. Fenugreek secondary metabolites (saponins and tannins) are responsible for this impact, but it is still unclear exactly how they work. Therefore, more long-term in vivo experiments are needed to verify its efficacy. Fenugreek is also rich in alkaloids, amino acids, flavonoids, saponins and phenolic acids. These compounds have been shown to have beneficial effects on ruminant growth, lactation, and total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, fenugreek has a great opportunity to develop into a new green feed additive.

Conclusions

This review provides a summary of the effect of fenugreek and its bioactive compounds on rumen fermentation, CH4 emissions and production performance by ruminants. In addition, based on the available data, the possible biochemical pathway of fenugreek to reduce CH4 emissions in ruminants was described. Overall, the livestock feed industry has the opportunity to develop natural, environmentally-friendly feed additives based on fenugreek.
The serotonin blocker Ketanserin reduces coral reef fish Ctenochaetus striatus aggressive behaviour during between-species social interactions
Authors: Staubli Virginie , Bshary Redouan , Triki Zegni
Published: January 2024

A multitude of species engages in social interactions not only with their conspecifics but also with other species. Such interspecific interactions can be either positive, like helping, or negative, like aggressive behaviour. However, the physiological mechanisms of these behaviours remain unclear. Here, we manipulated the serotonin system, a well-known neurohormone for regulating intraspecific aggressive behaviour, to investigate its role in interspecific aggression. We tested whether serotonin blockade affects the aggressive behaviour of a coral reef fish species (Ctenochaetus striatus) that engages in mutualistic interactions with another species, the cleaner fish (Labroides dimidiatus). Although this mutualistic cleaning relationship may appear positive, cleaner fish do not always cooperate and remove ectoparasites from the other coral reef fish (“clients”) but tend to cheat and bite the client’s protective layer of mucus. Client fish thus often apply control mechanisms, like chasing, to deter their cleaner fish partners from cheating. Our findings show that blocking serotonin receptors 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C with ketanserin reduced the client fish’s aggressive behaviour towards cleaner fish, but in the context where the latter did not cheat. These results are evidence of the involvement of serotonin in regulating aggressive behaviour at the between-species social interactions level. Yet, the direction of effect we found here is the opposite of previous findings using a similar experimental set-up and ecological context but with a different client fish species (Scolopsis bilineatus). Together, it suggests that serotonin’s role in aggressive behaviour is complex, and at least in this mutualistic ecological context, its function is species-dependent. This warrants, to some extent, careful interpretations from single-species studies looking into the physiological mechanisms of social behaviour.
Management of Cataract in Dogs: Clinical Study of 22 Cases
Authors: Sharma Rohit Kumar , Mahajan Shashi Kant , Sangwan Vandana
Published: January 2024

Total 22 dogs (18 males and 4 female) with mature/immature/juvenile/senile cataracts presented to Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, COVS, Ludhiana were selected and operated with phaco-procedure and afterwards evaluated for efficacy of this technique for cataract management using foldable lens implant. Standard protocol of general anaesthesia was adopted for surgery of these cases; drug involved, premedication with Butorphanol (@ 0.2mg/kg) +Acepromazine (@0.001mg/kg) + Glycopyrrolate (@0.01mg/kg) followed by induction using propofol (@4mg/kg). Isoflurane (1-2%) was given for maintenance of anaesthesia. Square edge foldable acrylic lens were installed within capsular bag of 19 dogs whereas in 3 dogs it was not possible. Affected lenses or lens material was retrieved using phacoemulsification procedure under coaxial operating microscope. All the intra-operative complications were recorded in present study. Follow up of all animals were noted and evaluated for visual outcomes and postoperative complications (if, any). In order to calculate the success rate, the total number of eyes operated on for cataract surgery and lens implantation was divided by the number of cases in which successful vision restoration was observed. The results showed that restoration of functional vision was noted 15/22 (68.18%) at the 3-months follow-up period. Follow up in few cases (n=4) was recorded telephonically. Miosis, iatrogenic lens adherence with endothelium during surgery, failure of hydrodisection and hyphema were observed as intraoperative problems in this study. Corneal oedema in early postoperative period (within 7-days) was recorded as most common complication of this study. However, uveitis is also reported in many cases but resolved within 7-days of procedure.
Gut Microbiome Derived Lactic Acid Bacteria (GM-d-LAB) from Dwarf Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) Inhibit the Resident Multiple Antibiotics Resistance Bacterial pathogens
Authors: Adeniyi Bolanle Alake , Olorunshola Mercy Mayowa
Published: January 2024

Background: The global health threat posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has created an urgent need for developing alternative treatment methods. Probiotics, especially Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), are gaining interest in this context, as they demonstrate health-enhancing effects and potent antimicrobial activities. The intestines of goats could be a potential origin for developing new probiotics applications in animal feed and human health. Hence this study was carried out to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of LAB and pathogens within the intestines of Nigerian dwarf goats (Capra aegagrus hircus), the antimicrobial activity of LAB against resident MDR pathogens, and subsequent identification of bioactive LAB isolated from goat faeces in Nigeria as potential probiotics in animal feed and human health.

Method: Selective isolation of the LAB was carried out using de Mann Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar while enteric pathogens were isolated on MacConkey agar. Preliminary identification was carried out based on Gram reaction, and morphological, colonial, and biochemical characteristics of each isolate. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of all isolates were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The agar overlay method was used to test the most resistant LAB isolates for antimicrobial activity against enteric pathogens. Selected LAB isolates were identified by 16SrRNA sequencing. 

Results: The antibiotics susceptibility profile showed that a majority (77%) of LAB isolates and minimal (҇≤10%) of enteric pathogens demonstrated resistance to at least three classes of antibiotics, indicating a pattern of multi-drug resistance. Over half (62%) of these LAB isolates displayed significant antimicrobial activity against at least five of the resident-resistant pathogens, illustrating their potential role in controlling these pathogens. The sequencing results identified the most active LAB isolates, revealing a mix of strains including Pediococcus lolli (46%), Pediococcus pentosaceus (23%), Weissella confusa (8%), Enterococcus faecium (8%), Enterococcus hirae (8%), and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis (8%).

Conclusion: The discovery of a diverse range of LAB strains in goat intestines with significant antimicrobial activity against resident enteric pathogens is valuable. This finding suggests the potential use of these bacteria as natural alternatives to traditional antibiotics, especially in the context of growing AMR in animal husbandry.
Sonophotocatalytic reactors for wastewater treatment: A critical review
Authors: Gogate Parag R. , Pandit Aniruddha B.
Published: April 2004

The common optimum operating conditions for sonochemical and photocatalytic oxidation coupled with the similarity in the mechanism of destruction leading to a possible synergism and the possible elimination of some of disadvantages observed for individual processing techniques due to the effects of the other technique has prompted the development of sonophotocatalytic reactors in recent years. The present work aims at critically evaluating the status of the sonophotocalytic reactors with a special focus on wastewater treatment applications. Initially, the discussion has been concentrated on the individual techniques focusing on the recommendations for the optimum operating parameters, novel reactor designs for large scale operations and overview of the literature illustrations in the recent years. The discussion about hybrid technique starts with the mechanism of the expected synergism between sonochemistry and photocatalysis. Different reactor configurations used for the hybrid technique have been analyzed and recommendations have been made for the design of optimum configuration. An optimum set of operating parameters has also been recommended based on the critical analysis of the available literature. It has been observed that sonophotocatalytic oxidation indeed results in significant enhancement of the oxidation intensity and thus the rates of degradation, but its application on a larger scale of operation is hampered, perhaps due to high cost and the lack of suitable design strategies associated with the sonochemical reactors. Some recommendations have been also made for the future work required to eliminate the drawbacks associated with the sonochemical and/or sonophotocatalytic reactors. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 1051–1079, 2004
Proposed association between the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes and otosclerosis is not supported by a case‐control study in Spain
Authors: Rodríguez Laura , Rodríguez Santiago , Hermida Juan , Frade Carlos , Sande Esther , Visedo Guillermo , Martín Carlos , Zapata Carlos
Published: April 2004

Otosclerosis (OTSC) is one of the most common causes of hearing loss in white adults. The COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes coding for type‐I collagen have been proposed as candidate genes in the development of OTSC. The COL1A1 gene was recently reported to be associated with the condition on the basis of a population‐based case‐control study. We report here an independent study of association between COL1A1 and COL1A2 gene polymorphisms and OTSC, in a case‐control sample from a population of Caucasian individuals living in Northwest Spain. Specifically, we studied two COL1A1 polymorphisms previously reported to be associated with OTSC, and six COL1A2 polymorphisms. We performed diverse association analyses based on alleles, genotypes, and two‐locus haplotypes. We found no evidence supporting the putative link of COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes with OTSC. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of a new nonsense mutation (Tyr129Stop) of the SRY gene in a newborn infant with XY sex‐reversal
Authors: Giuffrè Mario , Sammarco Piero , Fabiano Carmelo , Giardina Fabio , Lunetta Fabio , Corsello Giovanni
Published: April 2004

Point mutations and deletions of SRY gene have been described in several cases of XY gonadal dysgenesis. To date, most of these mutations affect the HMG domain of SRY which plays a central role in DNA binding activity of SRY. We report on a non‐mosaic XY sex‐reversed newborn girl (completely female external genitalia). The direct sequencing of SRY showed a new nonsense mutation in a codon of SRY gene flanking the 3′ end of the HMG domain: a thymine is replaced by a guanine at position +387 in codon 129, resulting in the replacement of the amino acid tyrosine (TAT) by a stop codon (TAG). The new mutation of this patient provides further evidence to support the functional importance of the putative DNA binding activity of the HMG‐box domain. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperdeproteinized natural rubber prepared with urea
Authors: Klinklai Warunee , Saito Takayuki , Kawahara Seiichi , Tashiro Kei , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Sakdapipanich Jitladda Tangpakdee , Isono Yoshinobu
Published: April 2004

Preparation of hyperdeproteinized natural rubber was made from fresh latex and preserved high‐ammonia latex by treatment with urea in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Concentration of urea, temperature, and time for the incubation were investigated to remove the proteins effectively. Under the best conditions, the total nitrogen content and amount of allergenic proteins for the deproteinized rubbers were 0.005 wt % and 1.0 μg/ml, respectively, which were less than those of natural rubber deproteinized with proteolytic enzyme. The hyper‐deproteinized natural rubber was proved through FT IR spectroscopy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 555–559, 2004
Examination of the time–water content superposition on the dynamic viscoelasticity of moistened polyamide 6 and epoxy
Authors: Ishisaka A. , Kawagoe M.
Published: April 2004

We have investigated the behavior of moisture absorption by the polyamide 6 and epoxy samples in various humid environments at constant temperature and also examined the effect of absorbed moisture on their dynamic viscoelastic properties. The moisture absorption was revealed to show the Fickian type of diffusion and to shift the dynamic viscoelastic properties of the specimen to those at lower temperature, as an effect of plasticization. Anti‐plasticization taken with an increase in the storage modulus was also observed in a low‐temperature range below −50°C. The time–water content superposition was confirmed to hold at various equilibrium water contents at constant temperature for both polyamide 6 and epoxy. The relation of the shift factor, log aH, to the equilibrium water content for polyamide 6 has a form similar to WLF equation of time–temperature superposition, whereas the log aH for epoxy does not have such a form. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 560–567, 2004
Magnetic field from spot welding equipment—is the basic restriction exceeded?
Authors: Nadeem Mohammad , Hamnerius Yngve , Mild Kjell Hansson , Persson Mikael
Published: April 2004

A point measurement of the magnetic field (MF) near a typical spot welding machine showed that the magnetic flux density was above the ICNIRP reference level. To investigate if the basic restrictions were exceeded, the induced body currents in a full 3D human model were calculated. It was found that at an operator position of 34 cm away from the machine the maximum induced current density was below the ICNIRP basic restriction. But if the operator was closer to the machine, the basic restriction was exceeded. An important finding of the present article is that the basic restriction can be exceeded although the MF spatially averaged over the whole body is well below the reference level. Bioelectromagnetics 25:278–284, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.