bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban transformation of a post-soviet coastal city: the case of Saint Petersburg
Authors: Zhitin Dmitry V. , Lachininskii Stanislav S. , Mikhaylova Anna A. , Shendrik Alexander V.
Published: April 2020

At the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, post-socialist cities of Europe experienced an active transformation of their socio-demographic and economic structure. A striking feature of post-Soviet cities was the preservation of the disproportionate weight of industry in the economy against the background of a long absence of the real estate market. This phenomenon highlighted the need to solve the problems of socio-economic inequality within the city and restructuring its economy. This is especially true for Russian cities experiencing the shifts in the territorial structure of the population under the influence of transition to market economy, the third industrial revolution and the change of economic- geographical location. This study focuses on identifying trends in the social segmentation of the urban space of St. Petersburg as the second largest city in Russia and a socio-economic center of national importance. The social stratification of the city was studied at the grassroots administrative and territorial level based on the assessment of spatial distribution and the formation of territorial groups of the population with certain qualitative characteristics. The object of the study was 111 municipalities of St. Petersburg. The dynamics of their five most important indicators of demographic, social and economic development in 1989–2018 was analyzed: real estate tax on individuals per capita; the proportion of entrepreneurs; own incomes of municipalities per inhabitant; the proportion of people with an academic degree; cost of housing. Using the rank method, a social welfare rating was compiled. Information for the study was taken from the materials of the general urban planes of St. Petersburg in 1966, 1987 and 2005, the All-Russian population censuses of 2002 and 2010, the databases of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Federal Tax Service, and from the real estate «CIAN» company. The increasing social segregation by income was revealed. The existing differentiation of municipalities in terms of welfare is shown. The poorest are the municipalities of the southern part of the city (Kolpinsky, Nevsky, Krasnoselsky districts and Kronshtadt), while the most prosperous are the municipalities of Petrograd and Central districts, as well as certain territories of the municipal district of Moskovskaya Zastava, the villages of Komarovo, Repino and Solnechnoe.
Zoning of the republic of Kazakhstan as to the risk of natural focal diseases in animals: the case of rabies and anthrax
Authors: Abdrakhmanov Sarsenbay K. , Mukhanbetkaliyev Yersyn Y. , Korennoy Fedor I. , Beisembayev Kanatzhan K. , Kadyrov Ablaikhan S. , Kabzhanova Anar M. , Adamchick Julie , Yessembekova Gulzhan N.
Published: April 2020

Rabies and anthrax, being natural focal diseases, are characterized by the ability to persist in areas with a certain combination of environmental factors without human intervention. These infections annually cause sporadic outbreaks in domestic, livestock and wild animals in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) receiving close attention of the veterinary service. In particular, targeted mass vaccination and surveillance are conducted, which requires zoning of the country according to the exposure to the diseases.

This paper presents a zoning approach based on the estimation of suitability to the study diseases using the Environmental Niche Modelling method. Retrospective data on animal rabies outbreaks in the RK for 2003-2014, as well as data on anthrax burial sites for 1933-2014 were used. The following environmental factors were treated as potential explanatory variables: 1) a set of climate data derived variables BIOCLIM; 2) altitude above the sea level; 3) land cover type; 4) the maximum green vegetation fraction and 5) soil type.

The modelling outcomes for both diseases indicate elevated risks along the northern and southeastern borders of the RK that not only follows the distribution of historic disease cases, but also accounts for potentially suitable environmental conditions. To comply with the requirements of the veterinary service, gridded risk maps were converted into categorical maps by averaging risk values within municipal districts and ranking according to four categories: low, medium, high, and very high.

The maps obtained may be used as recommendations to the veterinary service as a basis for developing regionspecific anti-epizootic measures.
Fasilitasi Kelompok Tani HKm Dalam Persiapan Kegiatan Pemanenan dan Paska Panen Agroforestri Porang di Gunung Kidul, Indonesia
Authors: Hermudananto Hermudananto , Madya Septiana Ratih , Supriyatno Nunuk
Published: April 2020

Desa Banyusoco di Kabupaten Gunung Kidul memiliki hutan rakyat yang dikelola oleh empat kelompok tani Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm), salah satunya yaitu Sedyo Rukun dengan luas 17 ha yang didominasi tanaman Jati. Lahan di bawah tegakan ini umumnya belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk menambah pendapatan mereka. Dalam rangka mendukung Desa Banyusoco sebagai desa wisata, serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani, sejak tahun 2018 masyarakat mengadopsi budidaya agroforestri Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) di bawah tegakan dengan fasilitasi kelembagaan kelompok tani yang dimulai pada tahun yang sama. Tahun 2019, tanaman Porang direncanakan dipanen berupa umbi dan bulbil (katak), sehingga kesiapan masyarakat diperlukan untuk pemanenan dan paska panen untuk mengoptimalkan produktivitas dan pendapatan dari budidaya agroforestri Porang. Hal ini memotivasi tim Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) Fakultas Kehutanan UGM untuk memfasilitasi kelompok tani HKm Sedyo Rukun melalui kegiatan observasi lapangan, Focus Group Discussion, pelatihan, serta studi banding dengan tujuan Kelompok Tani HKm i) Mampu melakukan pemanenan Porang dengan produktivitas optimal; ii) Memiliki aturan tentang distribusi manfaat dari budidaya agroforestri Porang kepada anggotanya; iii) Mampu meningkatkan nilai tambah Porang dengan produk paska panen. Hasil yang dicapai yaitu pelatihan dan studi banding yang dilaksanakan memberi motivasi petani budidaya dan pengolahan Porang lebih optimal dengan pendampingan secara intensif melalui kegiatan PKM.
Trabajadores de plataformas digitales: Condiciones laborales en plataformas de reparto a domicilio en Argentina
Authors: Del Bono Andrea
Published: April 2020

Resumen
El artí­culo identifica las problemáticas que caracterizan a las condiciones laborales de los repartidores de dos plataformas de reparto a domicilio –la catalana Glovo y la colombina Rappi– que operan desde 2018 en varias ciudades argentinas. A partir de una investigación basada en entrevistas a trabajadores y trabajadoras, análisis de foros y redes sociales, observaciones de campo y relevamiento de prensa se analiza la situación en el empleo de los repartidores, en lo que se refiere a la relación entre la plataforma y su papel como empleador y al reconocimiento de estos en su carácter de trabajadores. A partir de una visión de conjunto, las condiciones laborales se describen como preocupantes porque reflejan el trato injusto que reciben los trabajadores y trabajadoras de plataformas. Se analiza también la naturaleza de la gestión algorí­tmica y su impacto sobre la organización del trabajo. Finalmente, el artí­culo se interroga sobre las dificultades que tienen los repartidores para organizarse de manera colectiva y presenta las estrategias que han desplegado los trabajadores de plataformas para hacer oí­r sus reclamos.
Jerarquí­a ecológica y de capital en la producción de un espacio periférico del capitalismo global
Authors: Valiente Silvia Carina
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la capitalización de la naturaleza y el territorio en Andalgalá, espacio periférico del capitalismo global pero funcional al él por el desarrollo de actividades extractivas a gran escala, mineras puntualmente. Desde una aproximación decolonial abrevaremos sobre la producción de un espacio atravesado por diferentes jerarquí­as (ecológica y de capital) asociadas a un patrón de poder colonial/moderno que sistemáticamente ha negado la coexistencia de diferentes espacio-temporalidades. Desde una metodologí­a cualitativa apoyada con trabajo de campo, pretendemos contribuir a esclarecer problemáticas comunes a la región vinculadas a la apropiación de recursos geoestratégicos, propiciando la reflexión colectiva sobre una problemática común a diferentes geografí­as de América Latina.
Introducing the hybrid “K-means, RLS” learning for the RBF network in obstructive apnea disease detection using Dual-tree complex wavelet transform based features
Authors: Ostadieh Javad , Amirani Mehdi Chehel
Published: April 2020

Apnea is one of the deadliest diseases that can be prevented and cured if it is detected in time. In this paper, we propose a precise method for early detection of the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) disease using the latest feature selection and extraction methods. The feature selection in this paper is based on the Dual tree complex wavelet (DT-CWT) coefficients of the ECG signals of several patients. The feature extraction from these coefficients is done using frequency and time techniques. The Feature selection is done using the spectral regression discriminant analysis (SRDA) algorithm and the classification is performed using the hybrid RBF network. A hybrid RBF neural network is introduced in this paper for detecting apnea that is much less computationally demanding than the previously presented SVM networks. Our findings showed a 3 percent improvement in the detection and at least a 30 percent reduction in the computational complexity in comparison with methods that have been presented recently.
Miary odporności gospodarczej, społecznej i instytucjonalnej
Authors: Masik Grzegorz
Published: April 2020

Przedmiotem pracy są miary odporności gospodarczej, społecznej i instytucjonalnej podejmowane w badaniach międzynarodowych. Celem opracowania jest natomiast przegląd międzynarodowych badań i na tej postawie przedstawienie stosowanych miar i wskaźników odporności. Do prezentacji wyników analizy wykorzystano zestawienia tabelaryczne uwzględniające kilka cech wskaźników. Z przeglądu literatury wynika, że w badaniach odporności wyróżnia się takie kategorie wskaźników, jak: wskaźniki kontekstowe, wskaźniki wejściowe, wskaźniki produktu, wskaźniki rezultatu oraz wskaźniki procesu. Inny podział wskaźników uwzględnia pomiar bezpośredni i pośredni odporności. Miary odporności mogą odnosić się również do wskaźników ilościowych i jakościowych. Odnosząc się do skali badania odporności, wyróżnia się poziom międzynarodowy, krajowy, regionalny, lokalny (miejski), sąsiedzki i indywidualny lub gospodarstw domowych. Z przeglądu badań wynika, że najczęściej w analizach odporności stosowane są wskaźniki produktu i rezultatu na poziomie krajowym i lokalnym. Zdecydowana większość wskaźników pozwala zmierzyć odporność w sposób pośredni, a metoda pomiaru ma zazwyczaj charakter ilościowy i opiera się na danych wtórnych.
The types of escape in the Holy Quran and its faith significance
Authors: Kharma Marwa Mahmoud
Published: April 2020

This study dealt with inductionthe pronunciation(escape) and its derivatives in the Holy Quran, and aims to clarify the types of escape mentioned in the Holy Quran and its faith significance. The study included a preliminary and two topics: The first topic: the escape from a specific, and has two requirements;The first requirement: escape from a certain plainly (whether in the world or the hereafter), the second requirement: escape from a certain unauthorized but known from the context, and the second topic:the escape from a non-appointed. Then stamped with a conclusion in which the most important results زAmong the most prominent results was that the escape contained in the Holy Qur’an can be divided in two ways:In terms of the escape from it, and in terms of the extent of the use to escape, and Every escape mentioned in the Noble Qur’an was a definite escape from it and not beneficial to its companions.Except for fleeing to God Almighty, it is general and includes escape from everything to Him.and it is the only escape that realizes safety and contentment.
Токсичность молекул и мицелл стабилизатора наночастиц серебра в исследовании их действия на клетки эндотелия
Authors: Kaba S.I. , Egorova E.M.
Published: April 2020

Актуальность. Определяли цитотоксичность растворов анионного поверхностно-активного вещества (ПАВ) аэрозоля-ОТ (АОТ), используемого в качестве стабилизатора наночастиц серебра (НЧС), в экспериментах на клетках эндотелия. Цель работы: выявить отдельные вклады мономеров и мицелл стабилизатора в токсическое действие растворов наночастиц. Методы. Цитотоксичность оценивали с помощью МТТ-теста по изменениям жизнеспособности эндотелиальных клеток линии EA.hy926 после 24-часовой инкубации с растворами АОТ. При этом учитывали влияние ионной силы на критическую концентрацию мицеллообразования (ККМ) и соответственно, на соотношение мономеров и мицелл АОТ в растворе НЧС. Результаты. Получены скорректированные данные по цитотоксичности АОТ в составе раствора НЧС, которые позволили оценить отдельные вклады мономеров и мицелл АОТ в общий эффект препарата наносеребра. Выводы. Предложенный нами методологический подход даёт возможность более точно оценивать токсичность водных растворов заряженных ПАВ, а также продвинуться в понимании механизма их действия на живые организмы как в качестве стабилизаторов наночастиц, так и в качестве антивирусных или антибактериальных средств для наружного применения в медицинской практике.

Background. Cytotoxicity of anionic surfactant aerosol-OT (AOT) used as a stabilizer of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was studied on endothelial cells. The aim: to determine individual contributions of AOT monomers and micelles to the toxic effect of AgNPs solution. Methods. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay by changes in viability of EA.hy926 cells after 24-h incubation with AOT solutions. Experiments were performed with regard for the influence of ionic strength on the micelle critical concentration (and thus, on monomer-micelle ratio) of AOT in the AgNPs solution. Results. The study provided corrected data on cytotoxicity of the AOT present in the AgNPs solution, which allowed estimating individual contributions of monomers and micelles to the total toxic effect of nanoparticle solution. Conclusions. The proposed methodological approach provides more accurate estimation of charged surfactant toxicity and a better insight into the mechanism of their toxic effect on living organisms in using the charged surfactants either as nanoparticle stabilizers or as antiviral and antibacterial agents for external use in medical practice.
Reactants, Products, and Transition States of Elementary Chemical Reactions Based on Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Grambow Colin , Pattanaik Lagnajit , Green William H.
Published: April 2020

Reaction times, activation energies, branching ratios, yields, and many other quantitative attributes are important for precise organic syntheses and generating detailed reaction mechanisms. Often, it would be useful to be able to classify proposed reactions as fast or slow. However, quantitative chemical reaction data, especially for atom-mapped reactions, are difficult to find in existing databases. Therefore, we used automated potential energy surface exploration to generate 12,000 organic reactions involving H, C, N, and O atoms calculated at the ωB97X-D3/def2-TZVP quantum chemistry level. We report the results of geometry optimizations and frequency calculations for reactants, products, and transition states of all reactions. Additionally, we extracted atom-mapped reaction SMILES, activation energies, and enthalpies of reaction. We believe that this data will accelerate progress in automated methods for organic synthesis and reaction mechanism generation—for example, by enabling the development of novel machine learning models for quantitative reaction prediction.
Driving Torsion Scans with Wavefront Propagation
Authors: Qiu Yudong , Smith Daniel , Stern Chaya , Feng Mudong , Wang Lee-Ping
Published: April 2020

The parameterization of torsional / dihedral angle potential energy terms is a crucial part of developing molecular mechanics force fields.Quantum mechanical (QM) methods are often used to provide samples of the potential energy surface (PES) for fitting the empirical parameters in these force field terms.To ensure that the sampled molecular configurations are thermodynamically feasible, constrained QM geometry optimizations are typically carried out, which relax the orthogonal degrees of freedom while fixing the target torsion angle(s) on a grid of values.However, the quality of results and computational cost are affected by various factors on a non-trivial PES, such as dependence on the chosen scan direction and the lack of efficient approaches to integrate results started from multiple initial guesses.In this paper we propose a systematic and versatile workflow called \textit{TorsionDrive} to generate energy-minimized structures on a grid of torsion constraints by means of a recursive wavefront propagation algorithm, which resolves the deficiencies of conventional scanning approaches and generates higher quality QM data for force field development.The capabilities of our method are presented for multi-dimensional scans and multiple initial guess structures, and an integration with the MolSSI QCArchive distributed computing ecosystem is described.The method is implemented in an open-source software package that is compatible with many QM software packages and energy minimization codes.
Solution chemistry effects on the solvation shell of metal ions
Authors: Wang Xiangwen , Toroz Dimitrios , Kim Seonmyeong , Clegg Simon , Park Gun-Sik , Di Tommaso Devis
Published: April 2020

As natural aqueous solutions are far from being pure water, being rich in ions, the properties of solvated ions are of relevance for a wide range of systems, including biological and geochemical environments. We conducted ab initio and classical MD simulations of the alkaline earth metal ions Mg2+ and Ca2+ and of the alkali metal ions Li+, Na+, K+ and Cs+ in pure water and electrolyte solutions containing the counterions Cl– and SO42–. Through a detailed analysis of these simulations, this study reports on the effect of solution chemistry (composition and concentration of the solution) to the ion–water structural properties and interaction strength, and to the dynamics, hydrogen bond network, and low-frequency dynamics of the ionic solvation shell. Except for the ion–water radial distribution function, which is weakly dependent on the counter-ions and concentrations, we found that all other properties can be significantly influenced by the chemical characteristics of the solution. Calculation of the velocity autocorrelation function of magnesium ions, for example, shows that chlorine ions located in the second coordination shell of Mg2+ weaken the Mg(H2O)62+ hydration ‘cage’ of the cation. The result reported in this study suggest that ionic solvation shell can be significantly influenced by the interactions between other ions present in solution ions, especially those of opposite charge. In more general terms, the chemical characteristics of the solution, including the balance between ion-solvent and ion-ion interactions, could result in significant differences in behavior and function of the ionic solvation shell.
In Silico Identification and Docking-Based Drug Repurposing Against the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2, Causative Agent of COVID-19
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Singh Harvijay
Published: April 2020

The rapidly enlarging COVID-19 pandemic caused by novel SARS-coronavirus 2 is a globalpublic health emergency of unprecedented level. Therefore the need of a drug or vaccine thatcounter SARS-CoV-2 is an utmost requirement at this time. Upon infection the ssRNA genomeof SARS-CoV-2 is translated into large polyprotein which further processed into differentnonstructural proteins to form viral replication complex by virtue of virus specific proteases:main protease (3-CL protease) and papain protease. This indispensable function of main proteasein virus replication makes this enzyme a promising target for the development of inhibitors andpotential treatment therapy for novel coronavirus infection. The recently concluded α-ketoamideligand bound X-ray crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (PDB ID: 6Y2F) from Zhang et al.has revealed the potential inhibitor binding mechanism and the determinants responsible forinvolved molecular interactions. Here, we have carried out a virtual screening and moleculardocking study of FDA approved drugs primarily targeted for other viral infections, to investigatetheir binding affinity in Mpro active site. Virtual screening has identified a number of antiviraldrugs, top ten of which on the basis of their bending energy score are further examined through molecular docking with Mpro. Docking studies revealed that drug Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Tipranavirand Raltegravir among others binds in the active site of the protease with similar or higheraffinity than the crystal bound inhibitor α-ketoamide. However, the in-vitro efficacies of the drugmolecules tested in this study, further needs to be corroborated by carrying out biochemical andstructural investigation. Moreover, this study advances the potential use of existing drugs to beinvestigated and used to contain the rapidly expanding SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Discovery and Biocatalytic Application of a PLP-Dependent Amino Acid γ-Substitution Enzyme that Catalyzes C-C Bond Formation
Authors: Chen Mengbin , Liu Chun-Ting , Tang Yi
Published: April 2020

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes can catalyze various transformations of amino acids at alpha, beta, and gamma positions. These versatile enzymes are prominently involved in the biosynthesis of nonproteinogenic amino acids as building blocks of natural products, and are attractive biocatalysts. Here, we report the discovery of a two-step enzymatic synthesis of (2S, 6S)-6-methyl pipecolate 1, from the biosynthetic pathway of indole alkaloid citrinadin. The key enzyme CndF is PLP-dependent and catalyzes synthesis of (S)-2-amino-6-oxoheptanoate 3 that is in equilibrium with the cyclic Schiff base. The second enzyme CndE is a stereoselective imine reductase that gives 1. Biochemical characterization of CndF showed this enzyme performs gamma-elimination of O-acetyl L-homoserine to generate the vinylglycine ketimine, which is subjected to nucleophilic attack by acetoacetate to form the new Cgamma-Cdelta bond in 3 and complete the gamma-substitution reaction. CndF displays substrate promiscuity towards different beta-keto carboxylate and esters. Using a recombinant Aspergillus strain expressing CndF and CndE, feeding various alkyl-beta-keto esters led to the biosynthesis of 6-substituted L-pipecolates. The discovery of CndF expands the repertoire of reactions that can be catalyzed by PLP-dependent enzymes.
A Microfluidic Sensing System with a Multichannel Surface Plasmon Resonance Chip: Damage-free Characterization of Cells by Pattern Recognition
Authors: Sugai Hiroka , Tomita Shunsuke , Ishihara Sayaka , Yoshioka Kyoko , Kurita Ryoji
Published: April 2020

The development of a versatile sensing strategy for the damage-free characterization of cultured cells is of great importance for both fundamental biological research and industrial applications. Here, we present a pattern-recognition-based cell-sensing approach using a multichannel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip. The chip, in which five cysteine derivatives with different structures are immobilized on Au films, is capable of generating five unique SPR sensorgrams for the cell-secreted molecules that are contained in cell culture media. An automatic statistical program was built to acquire kinetic parameters from the SPR sensorgrams and to select optimal parameters as “pattern information” for subsequent multivariate analysis. Our system rapidly (~ 10 min) provides the complex information by merely depositing a small amount of cell culture media (~ 25 µL) onto the chip, and the amount of information obtained is comparable to that furnished by a combination of conventional laborious biochemical assays. This non-invasive pattern-recognition-based cell-sensing approach could potentially be employed as a versatile tool for characterizing cells.
Impact of Binding to the Multidrug Resistant Regulator Protein LmrR on the Photo-Physics and -Chemistry of Photosensitizers
Authors: H Mejías Sara , Roelfes Gerard , browne wesley
Published: April 2020

Light activated photosensitizers generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that interfere with cellular components and can induce cell death, e.g., in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The effect of cellular components and especially proteins on the photochemistry and photophysics of the sensitizers is a key aspect in drug design and the correlating cellular response with the generation of specific ROS species. Here, we show the complex range of effects of binding of photosensitizer to a multidrug resistance protein, produced by bacteria, on the formers reactivity. We show that recruitment of drug like molecules by LmrR (Lactococcal multidrug resistance Regulator) modifies their photophysical properties and their capacity to induce oxidative stress especially in 1O2 generation, including rose bengal (RB), protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), bodipy, eosin Y (EY), riboflavin (RBF), and rhodamine (Rh6G). The range of neutral and charged dyes with different exited redox potentials, are broadly representative of the dyes used in PDT.
Beta-PdBi2 Monolayer: Two-Dimensional Topological Metal with Superior Catalytic Activity for Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Formic Acid
Authors: Zhu Xiaorong , Wang Yu , Jing Yu , Heine Thomas , Li Yafei
Published: April 2020

The lack of efficient electrocatalysts has been a main obstacle for the large-scale commercialization of CO2 electroreduction. In this work, we demonstrate that two-dimensional (2D) beta-PdBi2 mono-layer is a promising solution for this issue. beta-PdBi2 monolayer is a stable 2D crystal and the three-dimensional (3D) bulk interlayer energy is similar as for other layered materials that can be exfoliated into 2D crystals. Interestingly, beta-PdBi2 monolayer has rather intri-guing electronic properties: while being metallic, it also has a non-trivial topological point. Remarkably, the extra electronic states at the Fermi level induced by the intrinsic spinorbit coupling (SOC) effect significantly enhance the adsorption of OCHO* intermediate on beta-PdBi2 monolayer, resulting in a rather small onset potential of -0.26 V vs. RHE for CO2 electroreduction to HCOOH. These results not only suggest a promising candidate for CO2 electrolysis but also deepen our understanding of the factors dominating the catalytic activity of 2D materials.
Influence of VC and FEC Additives on Interphase Properties of Carbon in Li-Ion Cells Investigated by Combined EIS & EQCM-D
Authors: Kitz Paul , Lacey Matthew , Novák Petr , Berg Erik
Published: April 2020

The electrolyte additives vinylene carbonate (VC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) are well known for increasing the lifetime of a Li-ion battery cell by supporting the formation of an effective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the anode. In this study combined simultaneous electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and operando electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D) are employed together with in situ gas analysis (OEMS) to study the influence of VC and FEC on the passivation process and the interphase properties at carbon-based anodes. In small quantities both additives reduce the initial interphase mass loading by 30 to 50 %, but only VC also effectively prevents continuous side reactions and improves anode passivation significantly. VC and FEC are both reduced at potentials above 1 V vs. Li+/Li in the first cycle and change the SEI composition which causes an increase of the SEI shear storage modulus by over one order of magnitude in both cases. As a consequence, the ion diffusion coefficient and conductivity in the interphase is also significantly affected. While small quantities of VC in the initial electrolyte increase the SEI conductivity, FEC decomposition products hinder charge transport through the SEI and thus increase overall anode impedance significantly.
Copper-Graphene-TiO2 Hybrid Materials for Photocatalytically Assisted H2 Generation
Authors: Tobaldi David Maria , Koci Kamila , Edelmannova Miroslava , Lajaunie Luc , Figueiredo Bruno , Calvino José , Seabra Maria Paula , Labrincha Joao Antonio
Published: April 2020

Hydrogen, as energy carrier, is a zero-emission fuel. Being green and clean, it is considered to play an important role in energy and environmental issues. Photocatalytic water splitting is a process used to generate hydrogen from the dissociation of water. Titanium dioxide is still the archetype material for photocatalytic water splitting. However, because of the fast recombination of the photo-generated exciton, the yield of the reaction is typically low. In this work, we have modified the surface of titanium dioxide with copper and copper/graphene to sensitise it to visible light, and to increase the spatial charge carrier separation, thus extending the quantum yield of H2 production from methanol/water mixtures. Results showed that, in the analysed system, exists an optimum amount of copper plus graphene (i.e. 0.5 mol% copper plus 0.5 wt% graphene) to grant a two-fold increase in the photocatalytic hydrogen generation compared to that of bare titania. That system proved itself to be complex and dynamic. This was attributed to the increased spatial charge carrier separation exploited by graphene (under 365 and 405 nm irradiation), and to the continuous reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) due to IFCT that has proven to be an excellent visible-light sensitiser in the copper/graphene-titania system.Hybrid titania-copper-graphene materials could therefore be exploited in the field of light-to-energy applications.
Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling for chemoproteomic applications
Authors: Cao Jian , Armenta Ernest , Boatner Lisa , Desai Heta , Chan Neil , Castellon Jose , Backus Keriann
Published: April 2020

Bioorthogonal chemistry is a mainstay of chemoproteomic sample preparation workflows. While numerous transformations are now available, chemoproteomic studies still rely overwhelmingly on copper-catalyzed azide –alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) or 'click' chemistry. Here we demonstrate that gel-based activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and mass-spectrometry-based chemoproteomic profiling can be conducted using Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling. We identify reaction conditions that proceed in complex cell lysates and find that Suzuki –Miyaura cross-coupling and CuAAC yield comparable chemoproteomic coverage. Importantly, Suzuki–Miyaura is also compatible with chemoproteomic target deconvolution, as demonstrated using structurally matched probes tailored to react with the cysteine protease caspase-8. Uniquely enabled by the observed orthogonality of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling and CuAAC, we combine both reactions to achieve dual protein labeling.
VYTR hypothesis for the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of GS-5734 treatment in humans with COVID-19
Authors: Vityala Yethindra  , Ainura Dzhangazieva  , Zhyldyz Kurzhunbaeva  , Tugolbai Tagaev  , Furquan Nazami
Published: April 2020

In December 2019, many pneumonia cases were reported without an apparent cause but were associated with seafood and wet markets in Wuhan, China Clinical features were similar to pneumonia, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) (formerly 2019-nCoV) was determined as the causative pathogen. To date, there are no effective antiviral drugs for the targeted treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We provide the VITYALA YETHINDRA (VYTR) hypothesis for the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of GS-5734 treatment in humans with COVID-19. Prophylactic GS-5734 treatment may prevent SARS-CoV-2 induced disease and lung lesions in participants inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 and potentially inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. Therapeutic GS-5734 treatment may show a reduction in the severity of symptoms, reduce viral replication, the absence of lung lesions in some participants and decrease in lesions in 50% of participants may be possible. As broad-spectrum drugs are capable of inhibiting coronavirus infections, GS-5734 should be considered a broad-spectrum, first-line drug and may inhibit coronavirus infections and COVID-19. More clinical trials are needed to prove that GS-5734 (Remdesivir) is a safe and effective drug for the treatment of COVID-19.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN BAHASA, KANDUNGAN PORNOGRAFI DAN KONOTASI PORNOGRAFI, SERTA KANDUNGAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM TEKS LAGU CAMPURSARI
Authors: Adhani Agnes
Published: April 2020

Research on the use of language, sentence, the content of pornography and connotations of pornography, and the content of character education in the campursari song text are aimed to describing at: (1) language, (2) sentence variations, (3)  pornographic content and pornographic connotations, and (4) content character education in the campursari song text. This study included qualitative descriptive research. The research data are in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The data source for this study is ten songs downloaded from the internet. The results of the study: (1) ten songs analyzed by nine song texts used Javanese as the title and one song used the Javanese language and Indonesian language. Of the ten songs, all song texts use Javanese, there are mixed Indonesian language codes into Javanese, mixed Javanese language codes and English into Indonesian, Indonesian language code switching to Javanese, and there are letters written that violate General Guidelines Enhanced Javanese Spelling (PUEBJYD), (2) the use of sentences consists of: (a) declarative sentences, (b) interrogative sentences, and (c) imperative sentences, (3) there are six songs containing pornography and connotations of pornography, and (4) the value of prominent character education is creative, besides that it is a violation of polite and religious values.
MEMBACA BANTEN DALAM MOTIF CERITA RAKYAT
Authors: Nurfaidah Resti
Published: April 2020

Banten was well-known as a regionof  historical and literary treasures. These two anthologies of folklore: "Golden Chicken Legend and Other Stories" and "Legend of Keong Gondang" shown those two things. This paper was written to  prove the harmonious life of  Banten people who were able to combine the concepts of their ancestors and the Islamic religion. This research useda qualitative  method through descriptive analysis. The theoretical concept used in this research was Pan & Kosicki’sframing, and  representation of Stuart Hall. The results shew that Banten strived to become a harmonious region by combining between previous ancestral with Islamic religious concepts. Banten residents did not only leave legendary figures who were considered to have extraordinary services in the development of the history of the region. In addition, Banten residents also did not deny the presence of animals and objects that were considered to have an important role in their lives.
PERSEPSI PENGGUNA MODA TRANSPORTASI TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN BAHASA DI RUANG PUBLIK DI SEMBILAN KOTA INDONESIA
Authors: Purba Amran
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine the perceptions of users of transportation modes on language use at airports, stations, terminals, and ports in nine cities in Indonesia and to find out how far the application of language usage rules is applied to transportation modes. The method used in this study is a quantitative and descriptive qualitative approach. The research data is carried out by primary data collection in the field, namely the perception (view) of the users of transportation modes at airports, stations, terminals, and ports. The results of the study show that there are six cities (still dominant) agreeing on the use of Indonesian in the modes of air, sea, land and rail transportation. Then, there are two cities that even strongly agree on the use of Indonesian in the mode of transportation. Furthermore, there is one city that states that it is not agreeable to use Indonesian. Thus, perceptions of language users in transportation modes predominantly have high weight values. So, users of the transportation mode still have the concern to maintain or prioritize the use of Indonesian instead of foreign languages. Meanwhile, regional languages can also be used as a third language in the area rather than in the capital city.
KALIMAT TANYA DALAM PERSIDANGAN DI PENGADILAN NEGERI BANDA ACEH
Authors: Nuthihar Rahmad , Bangun Tara Astika , Wahdaniah Wahdaniah
Published: April 2020

This study examines the use of interrogative sentences in trials at the Banda Aceh District Court. The trial in principle is an activity to obtain and prove the information being tried. Therefore, the judge as the person in charge of examining and adjudicating cases uses question sentences to obtain information as clearly as possible. The results of this study conclude that the types of question sentences contained in the trials at the Banda Aceh District Court are, partial sentences, total sentences, rhetorical sentences, and subtle sentences. Furthermore, the question sentence function is a representative and directive function.
Self-supervised pre-training of CNNs for flatness defect classification in the steelworks industry
Authors: Galli Filippo , Ritacco Antonio , Lanciano Giacomo , Vannocci Marco , Colla Valentina , Vannucci Marco
Published: April 2020

Classification of surface defects in the steelworks industry plays a significant role in guaranteeing the quality of the products. From an industrial point of view, a serious concern is represented by the hot-rolled products shape defects and particularly those concerning the strip flatness. Flatness defects are typically divided into four sub-classes depending on which part of the strip is affected and the corresponding shape. In the context of this research, the primary objective is evaluating the improvements of exploiting the self-supervised learning paradigm for defects classification, taking advantage of unlabelled, real, steel strip flatness maps. Different pre-training methods are compared, as well as architectures, taking advantage of well-established neural subnetworks, such as Residual and Inception modules. A systematic approach in evaluating the different performances guarantees a formal verification of the self-supervised pre-training paradigms evaluated hereafter. In particular, pre-training neural networks with the EgoMotion meta-algorithm shows classification improvements over the AutoEncoder technique, which in turn is better performing than a Glorot weight initialization.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL LAYANAN INFORMASI KARIER MEMANFAATKAN AUDIOVISUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMATANGAN KARIER SISWA
Authors: Nafi Ahmad
Published: April 2020

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan layanan informasi karier, mendeskripsikan tingkat kematangan karier siswa, menghasilkan model layanan informasi karier berbantuan audiovisual untuk meningkatkan kematangan karier siswa, mengetahui tingkat keefektifan model layanan informasi karier berbantuan audiovisual untuk meningkatkan kematangan karier siswa SMA Wira Usaha BandunganKab. Semarang.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode research and development. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model layanan informasi karier berbantuan audiovisual terbukti efektif untuk meningkatkan kematangan karier siswa. Hal ini dilihat dari peningkatan kematangan karier siswa sebelum dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan, yaitu sebesar selisih skor 14,4 %. Selain itu, uji statistik T Test juga menunjukan t hitung > t tabel yaitu 10,088 > 2,056. Peningkatan kematangan karier berdasarkan uji N-gain diperoleh nilai 0,44 poin pada kategori sedang. Oleh karena itu, Guru bimbingan dan konseling diharapkan dapat melaksanakan model pengembangan ini secara berkala dan berkelanjutan dengan tetap memperhatikan masukan dari lingkungan/pihak terkait.
Rational Hybrid Analytical Model for Steel Pipe Rack Quantification in Oil & Gas Industries
Authors: Rajalingam Manoharan , Srivastava Amit
Published: April 2020

The objective of this work is to develop an analytical model to overcome the shortfalls in current engineering practices that are being used to estimate the pipe rack steel quantities during the pre-bid engineering phase in Oil & Gas industries. The research methodology consists of performing data analysis of past projects and devising a new system by developing suitable structure formulation techniques, loading system creation, structural stability analysis and LRFD design calculations, along with steel quantification procedures, which are completed in a single run. Then this rational hybrid analytical model is applied to examine a real-time project pipe rack structure module. As research findings, the results of the analytical model are compared with the outcome of both the conventional methods as well as the bench mark detailed engineering calculations. It is found that the quantity obtained using the new method is extremely close to the detailed engineering quantity with the least time consuming. Hence, this novel analytical model has proved to be a boon to structural engineers working in Oil and Gas industries since the crux of pre-bid engineering is to process voluminous data and calculate the quantities more precisely within a shorter time frame to be a successful bidder.
Healing of Generated Cracks in Cement Mortar Using MICP
Authors: Kulkarni Prakash B. , Nemade Pravin Dinkar , Wagh Manoj Pandurang
Published: April 2020

This research is carried out to investigate pre-existing repair cracks in cement mortar using the microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology. In the study, 20-cylinder mortar samples (45 mm in diameter and 40 mm in length) were split to have cracked width of various sizes. Out of twenty cracked samples, sixteen samples of average crack width ranging from 0.12 to 1.3 mm were repaired using the MICP method, while four cracked samples, with an average crack width ranging from 0.16 to 1.55 mm were soaked under distilled water. The water permeability and split tensile strength (STS) of these repaired mortars were tested. The amount of CaCO3 precipitated on the cracked mortar surfaces was evaluated. The results indicated that the MICP repair technique clearly reduced the water permeability of the cracked samples within the range of 73 to 84 %; while water-treated samples were too weak to undergo test. MICP-repaired samples had STS ranging from 29 to 380 kPa after 24 rounds of treatment. A relationship between the STS and percentage amount of CaCO3 precipitated was observed for samples with an average crack width between 0.29 and 1.1 mm, which indicated that STS increased with percentage increase in CaCO3 precipitated on the crack surfaces.
Parametric Study of an Organic Rankine Cycle Using Different Fluids
Authors: Touaibi Rabah , Koten Hasan , Boydak Ozlem
Published: April 2020

This work is an energy study of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for the recovery of thermal energy by comparing three organic fluids. This cycle is considered to be a promising cycle for the conversion of heat into mechanical energy suitable for low temperature heat sources; it uses more volatile organic fluids than water, which generally has high molecular weights, thus allowing operating pressures at temperatures lower than those of the traditional Rankine cycle. A thermodynamic model was developed using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software to determine its performance using different working fluids (toluene, R245fa and R123) under the same operating conditions, taking into account the effect of certain operating parameters and the selection of organic fluids on cycle performance. The results obtained show that the toluene organic fluid has the best thermal efficiency of the cycle compared to the other fluids; 14.38% for toluene, 13.68% for R123 and 13.19 for R245fa.
Effect of neem on Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton and its parasitoid Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya in Ecuador
Authors: Cañarte-Bermúdez Ernesto , Navarrete-Cedeño Bernardo , Montero-Cedeño Silvia , Arredondo-Bernal Hugo César , Chávez-López Onésimo , Bautista-Martínez Néstor
Published: April 2020

Efficacy of neem on Citrus Leafminer (CLM) and effect on its parasitoid Ageniaspis citricola was evaluated, using field, cage and olfactometer tests. Treatments were: aqueous extract of neem (50 gL-1), formulated oil of neem (10 mL L-1) and control. Field study was done in a Citrus aurantifolia orchard, three applications were carried out, which were evaluated every 48 hours until ten days after the treatment. Cage and olfactometer tests were performed in a greenhouse and repeated twice each time. In the cage, it were used 50 infested Citrus reticulata plants per experimental unit, while for the olfactometer test, as experimental arena, transparent plastic jars with 20 adults of CLM inside were used. Variables evaluated were: CLM infestation, dead, live and predated larvae, pupae, emerged adults and parasitized pupal chambers. The highest mortality of the CLM was caused by the aqueous extract of neem with 77.17%, which began 48 hours after application, suggesting inhibition of feeding. The aqueous extract of neem showed in average 88.80 % of repellency of adults of CLM and neem oil 85.64%. The high mortality of CLM and the repellent effect of neem, seem to influence negatively in parasitism which fluctuated between 9.45 % and 20.16 % in treated trees.
Revisión del estado del arte de sistemas DX-SAHP para la obtención de agua caliente sanitaria
Authors: Quitiaquez William , Simbaña Isaac , Isaza-Roldán César A. , Quitiaquez Patricio , Nieto-Londoño César , Toapanta-Ramos Fernando
Published: April 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar de forma detallada las distintas investigaciones realizadas con sistemas de bombas de calor de expansión directa asistidas por energía solar (DX-SAHP) utilizadas para el calentamiento de agua en los últimos años. El creciente consumo energético, el uso de refrigerantes que debilitan la capa de ozono, la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero a la atmósfera y los efectos en el calentamiento global, son los principales problemas que presentan los sistemas convencionales de calentamiento de agua. El uso de hidrocarburos como refrigerantes representa una reducción en la contaminación, además de ser una de las mejores opciones para reemplazar a los clorofluorocarbonos e hidroclorofluorocarbonos por sus valores de potencial de calentamiento global y potencial de destrucción de la capa de ozono cercanos a 0. Un sistema DX-SAHP aprovecha la energía solar térmica directamente, empleando un colector solar de placa plana sin cubierta. Esos sistemas proporcionan agua caliente sanitaria a más de 50 °C, calentando volúmenes de agua de hasta 200 litros, alcanzando valores de COP superiores a 4. La energía solar y el uso de refrigerantes alternativos de bajo impacto ambiental son propuestos para alcanzar este propósito.