bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Productive achievements in backyard poultry projects funded by the strategic program for food security at Tepecoacuilco, Guerrero, Mexico
Authors: Reza-Solis Irad Jared , León-Merino Aurelio , Valtierra-Pacheco Esteban , Hernández-Juárez Martín , Santoyo-Cortes Vinicio Haracio
Published: July 2021

Objective: To identify the socioeconomic factors in Tepecoacuilco, Guerrero that favored food productionand family income that improves their food security via backyard poultry projects.Methodology: 31 families with backyard poultry projects for chicken meat and egg production were surveyedand their information complemented with two participatory workshops.Results: The average area of the backyards per family was 48.27 m2 and 25.3 m2  out ofthem were used for the supported projects. It was found that only 16.1% of the studiedprojects are in operation y families with active projects had improvements in their dietsince their consumption of eggs and healthy meats. Regarding egg production, anannual average of 187.2 kg was obtained in operating projects.Limitations: The conditions of local violence in the study region limited the possibility ofinterviewing all the beneficiaries selected in the sample.
Conclusions: The beneficiaries improved their family diet with the financed projects,however, results indicate that family needs are not yet fully satisfied since thebeneficiaries still continue to buy eggs that they consider essential for their intake. Theprojects had null o little contribution to household income.
Recommendation of Choline Inclusion in Lambs’ Diet
Authors: Martínez Aispuro José Alfredo , Sánchez-Torres Esqueda María Teresa , Figueroa Velasco José Luis , Cordero Mora José Luis
Published: July 2021

Objective: To establish an inclusion recommendation for choline (herbal or synthetic) in fattening lambs’diet based on productive performance and blood metabolites.Design/Methodology/Approach: A literature review was carried out of herbal and synthetic choline supplementation in the diet of fattening lambs.Results: The addition of protected choline chloride (50% purity) in the lamb’s diet should be less than 2.5g/kg DM in order not to cause a detrimental effect on the productive performance. On the other hand, the inclusion of herbal choline in lambs’ diet should be greater than 6 g/kg DM to have positive effects on body gain and feed conversion.Study Limitations/Implications: It is necessary to establish the requirement for choline in fattening lambs because studies where choline is supplemented show that the contribution of conventional ingredients is insufficient.Findings/Conclusions: The inclusion of herbal (6 g/kg DM) and synthetic (2.5 g/kg DM) choline in lambs’ diet improves body weight gain and modifies energy metabolites
Caracterización clínica y hallazgos microbiológicos durante episodios de neutropenia febril en pacientes con cáncer.
Authors: Borré Naranjo Diana , Montes Farah Juan , Carmona Meza Zenen
Published: July 2021

Introducción: con el aumento en la detección temprana de las neoplasias y el inicio de protocolos de quimioterapia, radioterapia o ambas, ha aumentado la prevalencia de la neutropenia febril en estos pacientes. Objetivo: establecer características clínicas y hallazgos microbiológicos de los episodios de neutropenia febril en pacientes con cáncer que ingresaron al Hospital Universitario del Caribe. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de neutropenia febril y neoplasia hematológica o tumor solido ingresados entre 2015 y 2016. Resultados: se encontró un total de 31 episodios de neutropenia febril en 23 pacientes con una edad media de 44.7 años, el 13% correspondía a pacientes mayores de 60 años y aproximadamente el 10% tenía más de una comorbilidad. Predominó el sexo masculino (53%). El tiempo de hospitalización promedio fue de 30.6 días. El 77.4% de los episodios de neutropenia correspondían a casos de neoplasias hematológicas y el 64% estuvieron precedidos por administración de quimioterapia. El recuento de neutrófilos absolutos promedio fue de 366 y más de la mitad de los episodios cursaron con neutropenia moderada y severa (77.4%). La mortalidad global durante el periodo de estudio fue del 22%. El principal foco infeccioso al ingreso fue urinario (17.6%). Con relación a los agentes microbianos en el 79% se aislaron bacterias y en el 20% hongos; las bacterias aisladas con mayor frecuencia correspondieron a la familia Enterobacteriaceae (47.3%).
News on angiotensin II and atrial fibrillation : from the molecular to the pathophysiological.
Authors: Llamas Nieves Andrés Elías , Lozada Martínez Ivan David , Torres Llinás Daniela Marcela , Manzur Jattin Fernando , Cardales Periñán Miguel
Published: July 2021

Introducción: la fibrilación auricular es la arritmia más prevalente en el mundo y acarrea elevadas cifras de morbilidad y mortalidad. Numerosos estudios han demostrado la participación del sistema renina angiotensina en la patogenia de la fibrilación auricular, y en varios de estos, se especula el mecanismo subyacente que involucra un proceso de remodelación del tejido auricular. Objetivo: exponer literatura relacionada con los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la Fibrilación Auricular, su impacto en el riesgo cardiovascular, y aspectos relacionados entre angiotensina II y fibrilación auricular. Métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión no sistemática de la literatura utilizando términos clave tales como “Atrial Fibrillation” y “Angiotensin II”, además de sinónimos, los cuales fueron combinados con los conectores “AND” y “OR”, tanto en inglés como en español, en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, EBSCO, y MEDLINE. Resultados: la fibrosis atrial constituye una alteración estructural que propicia el mantenimiento de la Fibrilación Auricular, y la Angiotensina II contribuye en este proceso ampliamente mediante la estimulación de procesos inflamatorios, disminución en la actividad de colagenasa, aumento en la expresión de MAPK, y cambios en las propiedades electrofisiológicas cardíacas a través de la unión al receptor AT1. Conclusiones: conocer la fisiopatología de la fibrilación auricular a nivel molecular, permite dilucidar aún más el contexto y las posibles complicaciones de los pacientes afectados, facilitando la generación de hipótesis que contribuyan al diagnóstico oportuno, preciso y efectivo, el desarrollo de nuevas dianas terapéuticas, así como un mejor enfoque en el área clínica.
Narrando la diáspora indígena a través de la cámara de Yolanda Cruz.
Authors: González Hurtado Argelia
Published: July 2021

El artículo explora las primeras obras documentales de la cineasta chatina Yolanda Cruz: Guenati’zá, The Ones Who Come to Visit (2004) y Sueños binacionales/Bi-National Dreams (2005). El análisis de estos documentales se centra en las estrategias cinematográficas que Cruz utiliza para representar la migración indígena de los pueblos de Oaxaca a los Estados Unidos. Se arguye que estos documentales revelan una noción de identidad basada en actos de autodefinición, un proceso activo y constante de elección y posicionamiento, moldeado por las experiencias de migración.
Evolution of theoretical views on the regional innovation system
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Ladygina Irina A.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of the study of regional innovation systems, the development of which is one of the most important factors of economic growth. Goal. Determine the most effective factors for the development of regional innovation systems in various theoretical and methodological concepts of territorial planning. Tasks. Analyze domestic and foreign approaches to the formation of regional innovation systems and their subsequent development. To identify the most relevant concepts of innovative development of regions, applicable in modern conditions of scientific and technological progress. Determine the possibilities of applying global theoretical approaches and practical experience in the construction of innovation systems in the regions of Russia. Methodology. In the course of the study, comparative and retrospective types of analysis were used in relation to the processes of theories and concepts of innovative development at the regional level. The methodological basis of the study was the concept of the «knowledge economy», the application of which made it possible to identify the high importance of building up and diffusion of knowledge in the regional innovation process. Results. It was revealed that for Russia and its regions to enter the next stage of economic development, innovations and innovative activities should play a leading role. One of the main priorities of regional development should be the formation of an innovative infrastructure, the basis will be the creation of conditions for supporting small and medium-sized innovative enterprises based on business incubators, venture financing, information, consulting and legal support for business entities. Direct support of the innovation system should include the introduction of preferential tax regimes for enterprises in this sector and the provision of state preferences. Conclusions. By now, there has already been a transition from understanding the dominant role of innovation in the development of any socio-economic system to the target formation of public and private institutions of innovation, called national and regional innovation systems. In this regard, it is necessary to further modernize management approaches and practices to the process of state support for innovation.
قضية النظم من منظور علم البلاغة؛ دراسة تحليلية بلاغية
Authors: Mohamed Haji Ibrahim  , Yuslina Mohamed  , Majdi Hj Ibrahim  , Wan Azura Wan Ahmad  , Aishah Isahak
Published: July 2021

This study deals with one of the important subjects in the Rhetoric Discipline, i.e., versification issue. It is considered the first issue been raised by Imam Abd al-Qaher al-Jarjani, the founder of rhetoric, during his research and his argument on the issue of miracles in the Holy Quran. This study discusses the versification thought and reveals its features under the rhetoric perspective. The objective of this study is to be a prominent reference and to discuss the versification thought, and his theory of versification from its inception until it established in this discipline. The Arabic literary taste and sense possess the disclosure of the secrets of rhetoric, it relies on the awareness of style and the verbalization theory. The clarity of the significance or its ambiguity can only come through versification thought. In this study, the researchers rely on the inductive and analytical method, by extrapolating evidence from the Qur’anic verses related to the versification thought based on Abdul-Qahir al-Jurjani analysis’ theory. The study concluded that the reason for the emergence of versification theory is the interrelation of the word and the context of what is required by grammar with its validity and that eloquence and rhetoric does not come except from that versification. Finally, the researchers concluded that the versifications are the only verdict in terms of rhetoric because the decoration in poetry when expressing does not mean that the versification of speech deserved eloquence or rhetoric compared to the Qur’an, the great miracle far from decoration.
ملخص البحث
لعل من أهم القضايا التي يجب على دارس البلاغة أن يحيط بها علماً ومعرفة هي قضية النظم. فهي في حد ذاتها تعتبر القضية الأولى التي أثارها مؤسس علم البلاغة الإمام عبدالقاهر الجرجاني أثناء بحثه ودفاعه عن قضية الإعجاز البياني في القرآن الكريم. وعلى هذا الصدد، جاءت هذه المقالة لدراسة فكرة النظم والبحث في ثناياها، وكشف معالمها تحت منظور علم البلاغة. كما تهدف هذه المقالة أيضاً إلى أن تكون مرجعا بارزا، وحديثا موجزا عن فكرة النظم، ونظريته منذ نشأتها إلى أن ثبتت فكرة راسخة في علم البلاغة. إن الذوق الأدبي، والحس المرهف الذي يمتلك كشف أسرار البلاغة يكمن في الإحاطة بالأسلوب ونظم الكلام، والعلم بتخير الألفاظ. فوضوح الدلالة أو غموضها لا يتأتّى إلّا من خلال التعرف على ماهية فكرة النظم. وهذا كله هو ما تهدفه هذه الدراسة المتواضعة التي نحن بصددها. ويعتمد الباحثون في هذه المقالة على المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي، وذلك باستقراء شواهد من الآيات القرآنية والأبيات الشعرية وتحليلها تحليلا بلاغيا وفقاً لمفهوم النظم الذي انتهجه عبدالقاهر الجرجاني لتبيان تفاوت مستويات البلاغة والفصاحة في الكلام. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى أن سبب ظهور نظرية النظم هي تعالق وارتباط اللفظة بأخواتها في سياق ما، يقتضيه علم النحو بصحته وأن الفصاحة والبلاغة لا تـتأتى إلا من ذلك النظم. واستنتج الباحثون أن النظم هو الحكم الوحيد في منظور البلاغة لأن الزخرفة في الشعر عند التعبير لا تعنى أن نظم الكلام استحق الفصاحة أو البلاغة بخلاف نظم القرآن الكريم الذي ابتعد عن الزخرفة.
The Application of Laswell Communication Model on The Good Message Within Religious Malay Films
Authors: MOHAMAD RASIT ROSMAWATI , ASHAARI MUHAMAD FAISAL , HANIN HAMJAH SALASIAH
Published: July 2021

The general public perceives film as the factor that encourages negativity in the behaviour of its audience. However, through the perspective of film studies, the film can serve as the means to convey a good message. However, more in-depth reviews need to be done to attest to its capability in doing so. Therefore, using Laswell Communication Model (1948), this study was carried out to examine the good messages from religious Malay films. This study used qualitative content analysis design. by using purposive sampling, the researcher chose four Malay films as the subjects in this film study. The movies were Maut (Death) (2009), Syurga Cinta (Love Heaven) (2009) and Nur Kasih (The Light of Love) The Movie (2011). The films were watched and analysed by inserting all the facts into content analysis forms - the film meaning evaluation form and theme coding form. Narrative and theme analysis were used to analyse the film text data. Overall, the study found that the Malay religious films examined to discuss the concept of good message. There were four themes from the religious Malays films analysis which were promoting the good messages; the plays of emotions, based on the target group, negative reinforcement style and the good advice. However, not all the film samples highlight the idea of good messages in their purest sense as they are inharmonious with the principle of Amar Ma’ruf Nahi Munkar (encouraging good deeds, forbidding bad acts).
Article 24C Paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia: History and Critical Analysis of Disputes on the Authority of State Institutions
Authors: Demas Brian W  , Sudarsono  , Rachmad Safa’at  , Muchamad Ali Safa’at
Published: July 2021

In simple terms, the ratio legis can be interpreted as the reason why there is a provision in the law. Article 24C paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia determines the authority possessed by the Constitutional Court, paragraph (1) reads: The Constitutional Court has the authority to adjudicate at the first and final levels whose decisions are final to examine laws against the Constitution, decide disputes over authority a state institution whose authority is granted by the Constitution, decides on the dissolution of political parties, and decides on disputes regarding the results of general elections. The limiting provisions of Article 24C paragraph (1) seem to close the scope for expanding the Constitutional Court authority to decide disputes over the authority of independent state institutions. Meanwhile, this is a state requirement. This research uses a statutory approach with a descriptive analysis method. The conclusions obtained are: 1) it is not possible that a state institution that has supervisory authority has conflict with other legal institutions; 2) there are state institutions whose authorities are regulated by law and have the potential for authority disputes, but are resolved through the executive agency; 3) there is the authority of state institutions that have the potential for conflict of authority but there are no rules for resolving them.
Treatment Outcome of Scalp Angiosarcoma: A Single Institute Experience
Authors: Ryu Sung Seok , Park Seung Jin , Jung Young Ho , Choi Seung-Ho , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon , Lee Yoon Se
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives Scalp angiosarcoma is a rare but aggressive vascular malignancy. It is often found in the advanced state and tends to cause distant metastasis at an early stage. There is no consensus on a treatment modality, although wide excision followed by adjuvant therapy is currently used. The purpose of this study was to analyze the treatment results and disease progress pattern of scalp angiosarcoma in a single institution.Subjects and Method We enrolled patients who diagnosed with scalp angiosarcoma at Asan Medical Center from March 2011 to September 2019. Disease course and prognostic factors were analyzed by estimating overall survival rate and disease free survival.Results A total 12 patients were enrolled in this study. The median overall survival was 16.0 months. The 3-year-survival rate was 10.6%, and the median disease free survival was 5.0 months. On the average, it took 11.4 months till death after recurrence.Conclusion Although wide surgical excision and multiple adjuvant therapies are employed, scalp angiosarcoma showed frequent recurrences and metastasis which led to poor outcomes. Further investigations for scalp angiosarcoma are necessary to improve treatment outcomes.
ISOLASI SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI DARI EKSTRAK DAUN TEHTEHAN (Acalypha siamensis) SERTA PENDEKATAN AKTIVITAS MELALUI STUDI IN SILICO
Authors: Setyawan Dimas Ade
Published: July 2021

Abstrak Seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penyakit akibat radikal bebas dan infeksi bakteri yang terjadi di negara berkembang sebagai penyebab salah satu masalah kematian di Indonesia. Tumbuhan asli Indonesia bernama daun Tehtehan memiliki potensi sebagai tanaman obat telah digunakan sebagai sebagai antibakteri pada tahap ekstrak. Isolasi senyawa aktif perlu dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi struktur dan aktivitasnya sehingga dapat dilakukan penentuan dosis. Isolasi senyawa aktif dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis dengan fase diam silica gel dan fase gerak methanol:kloroform:heksan (7:2:1). Senyawa murni yang telah didapatkan dikarakterisasi strukturnya dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV/Vis dan inframerah, serta spektrometer massa dan resonansi magnetik inti (NMR). Penambatan molekul dilakukan dengan menggunakan program PyRx dan divisualisasikan menggunakan program Discovery Studio. Hasil interpretasi menunjukkan senyawa aktif (E)-3-(1Hindol3yl)1(4methoxyphenyl)-prop-2en-1-one. Senyawa tersebut memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 42,54369 ppm dengan menggunakan metode DPPH. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan adanya aktivitas sedang pada S. aureus dengannilai zona penghambatan 1,6-2 cm. Uji secara in silico menunjukkan bahwa senyawa tersebut mampu berinteraksi dengan baik dengan protein superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (PGT) dan Dalanyl Dalanine carboxypeptidase (DACA) dengan melakukan penambatan molekul (molecular docking). Kata kunci: daun teh-tehan, isolasi, antioksidan, antibakteri, penambatan molekul
Rare Types Including Iridaceae Juss. of the Garagush Mountain
Authors: Novruzi N.
Published: July 2021

The genus Iris Tourn. ex L. of the family Iridaceae Juss. there are 200 different species in the Northern Hemisphere. There are more than 30 species of this genus in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan, some of which are endemic to Azerbaijan or the Caucasus. All irises are decorative and used in ornamental gardening. Iris caucasica Stev. (Iris caucasica Hoffm.) and I. lycotis Woronow (Iris iberica subsp. lycotis (Woronow) Takht.) grows on rocky and grassy slopes of The Garagush Mountain. Iris caucasica Stev. is included in the Red Data Book of Nakhchivan AR as an important subcatagory of protection with the status of Lower Risk — LR (a — Conservation Dependent — CD). Iris lycotis Woronow has been to its activity and other abiotics factors, its range is reduced its biology is poorly studied and it is included as an endangered species in the Red Data Book of Nakhchivan AR with the status of Near Threatened — NT. Species included in this category should be enshrined in special protected areas and their biological characteristics should be studied.
Medical and Social Problems of the Health State of Children in a Crisis Life Situation in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Abdullaev T. , Siezdbekova N. , Aralbaeva A.
Published: July 2021

This work is devoted to the study of medical and social problems of the health status of children in a crisis life situation. The results of the study of children in the age structure and gender structure have been determined. Shown are medical and social problems that affect the incidence, physical and neuropsychic development of children.
Trusted Data Exchange Concept
Authors: Voronin A.
Published: July 2021

The paper considers main problems of the possibilities of implementing mechanisms for exchanging heterogeneous information between information systems and automated systems of the enterprise. The system of trusted data exchange concept defined.
How to Eliminate the Negative Impact of Scientific and Technological Progress on the “Transparency” and Efficiency of the Market
Authors: Khubaev G.
Published: July 2021

It is shown that scientific and technological progress leads to a decrease in the awareness of market participants, and the “opacity” of the market contributes to the active development of goods and business processes for one purpose, leads to the waste of intellectual and financial resources. The use of original methods and tools is justified for the quantitative assessment of the characteristics of the consumer quality of multifunctional goods and the growth of functional demand, reduction of budget allocations of market entities, and accelerated development of the market economy.
The Importance of Application of Modern Information and Communication Technologies in the Development of the Digital Economy
Authors: Saatova L.
Published: July 2021

Article is about the digital economy, which is the hottest topic today. The signs, indicators and assessment of the digital economy, as well as its share in GDP are also cited.
Innovative Modernization of the Banking Sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the Conditions of Globalization
Authors: Kenjaev M.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the issues of the system of banking innovations in the context of globalization. The interpretation and analysis of the main components of the innovative modernization of the banking sector in the light of the “Strategy for innovative development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period 2019-2021” is carried out. An attempt is made to generalize scientific discussions on the systematic study of the innovative activity of commercial banks through a comprehensive study of the features of banking innovations. The urgent tasks of banks in the field of innovative modernization are indicated.
Studying Syntactic Phraseological Units
Authors: Abdygazieva N. , Alybaeva T.
Published: July 2021

This article discusses sentences of phraseological structure as a special type of syntactic phraseological units. Syntactic phraseological units have spread widely in modern literature, colloquial speech, and also in the media. The theoretical questions of the study of phraseological units are considered, the analysis of works devoted to this problem of linguistics is contained. After analyzing the works devoted to the problems of syntactic phraseology, certain specific features of syntactic phraseological units were identified. Syntactic phraseological units in the research of linguists are considered as related syntactic constructions.
Aproximación al uso de las redes sociales por las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad en España en perspectiva internacional
Authors: Rodríguez Andrés Roberto , López-García Julia María
Published: July 2021

Como parte de su política de comunicación, las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad de todo el mundo se han introducido en las redes sociales para relacionarse con los ciudadanos. A nivel internacional hay ya una amplia corriente de investigación sobre este tema, pero hasta el momento hay muy pocos estudios empíricos sobre el caso español, a pesar de que las policías de nuestro país son consideradas como un caso de éxito. El presente trabajo trata de realizar una primera aproximación sobre el uso que dan a estas redes sociales y analiza cuestiones como su compromiso con la comunicación 2.0, las comunidades que han conseguido generar y cuál es la actividad que desarrollan para difundir información e interaccionar con los ciudadanos. Ello se complementará con una comparación con los principales cuerpos policiales internacionales, lo que permitirá apuntar algunas claves que justifican el éxito español, así como futuras líneas de investigación a desarrollar en este campo.
El tratamiento periodístico del suicidio en diarios digitales de Argentina, España y Perú
Authors: Granja-González Silvia , Meneses-Fernández María Dolores
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo analizamos el tratamiento periodístico de cuatro casos de suicidio de personajes famosos internacionales en siete diarios digitales editados en tres países hispanohablantes: Argentina, España y Perú. Los dos sudamericanos regulan a través de sus códigos deontológicos el tratamiento del suicidio. En España, ningún código deontológico lo hace. Los casos seleccionados de Chester Bennington, Robin Williams, Tony Scott y Alexander McQueen garantizaban el seguimiento de la noticia y el hallazgo de un número de noticias representativo. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar el grado de adecuación de los medios a las normas de autorregulación y a las recomendaciones de profesionales de la salud. Aplicamos el análisis de contenidos periodísticos, de códigos deontológicos y de documentos internacionales elaborados por expertos en salud. Los resultados revelan la disfunción en el tratamiento informativo y las normas deontológicas respecto a las directivas internacionales.
Prácticas comunicativas y desafección política en el contexto de las campañas electorales. Análisis de su relación desde el modelo O-S-R-O-R
Authors: Muñiz Carlos
Published: July 2021

Es habitual encontrar en buena parte de los países democráticos cada vez más ciudadanos alejados de la política, con desconfianza en las instituciones y que incluso llegan a deslegitimar el sistema. Son diversos los factores que determinan esta desafección política, presente a través de manifestaciones de cinismo, apatía y escepticismo. Entre ellos, se ha apuntado a la posible influencia de los hábitos comunicativos, es decir consumo de medios y conversación sobre política, tanto en el ámbito offline como en el online. Para determinar este posible efecto, se realizó una encuesta panel en el transcurso de las pasadas elecciones presidenciales de México de 2018. Tomando el modelo O-S-R-O-R como referencia, los resultados muestran una nula influencia de los hábitos comunicativos en el desarrollo de cinismo y más limitado en el de escepticismo. Sin embargo, se observa un aumento de la apatía derivado del consumo de medios tradicionales y del desarrollo de conversación interactiva.
El radioteatro en España: marco de referencia para una aproximación diacrónica
Authors: González-Conde María Julia , Ortiz-Sobrino Miguel Ángel , Prieto-González Hugo
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es ofrecer una contextualización del radioteatro en España entre las décadas de los años cuarenta a los años setenta del siglo pasado. A través de un análisis retrospectivo de su historia, se hace hincapié en algunas de las claves de su implantación como género narrativo y dramático. Se utiliza una metodología teórico-conceptual, basada en el análisis documental, que ha permitido circunscribir y referenciar temporalmente el radioteatro en el periodo señalado. El resultado del análisis pone de manifiesto la relación de los radioteatros con la situación social y la importancia de su legado literario y cultural. Igualmente, se referencian las aportaciones de los autores y realizadores españoles de radioteatro en esas décadas. La conclusión pone de manifiesto que, a lo largo de la historia de la radio, el radiodrama aparece y desaparece condicionado por sus programadores y por la demanda del público. A pesar de la apuesta de la radio por los contenidos informativos en su programación, a partir de finales de los años setenta, se mantuvieron en antena algunos seriales, como La saga de los Porretas (1976-1988), en la Cadena SER, y Sobrenatural (1994-1996), o Historias (1997-2003), en Radio Nacional de España.
El género Solierella en las Antillas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Crabronidae)
Authors: Genaro Julio A.
Published: July 2021

El género Solierella comprende avispas depredadoras de pequeño a mediano tamaño, las cuales no han sido debidamente estudiadas en el Neotrópico. En este trabajo se revisa el género para las Antillas, con la adición de una especie nueva: S. garridoi para la Hispaniola (República Dominicana), la cual constituye el primer registro del género para la isla. La nueva especie está cercanamente emparentada con S. sola Genaro y Portuondo, de Cuba. Una combinación de caracteres la separa de la especie cubana y de las especies neárticas o neotropicales conocidas. Se presenta una clave para diferenciar las dos especies antillanas.
Description of larvae of Eleotris perniger (Teleostei: Eleotridae) in transition from saltwater to freshwater from Montserrat, West Indies
Authors: Schmidt Robert E. , McMullin Erin , Wright Jeremy J. , Weatherwax Bryan
Published: July 2021

Larvae of the Smallscaled Spinycheek Sleeper (Eleotris perniger) in transition from saltwater to freshwater were identified using COI and 16S gene sequences and the morphology and color pattern were then described. Available freshwater habitat for this species on Montserrat is minimal and continued existence is threatened by potential water withdrawals.
Drymaeus virgulatus, an extirpated land snail species on Saint Kitts and Tintamarre islands
Authors: Lenoble Arnaud
Published: July 2021

The land snail species Drymaeus virgulatus (Férussac, 1821) is recorded in St. Kitts in the form of 21 complete or fragmented shells collected on the island in November 2019. The complete shells were collected on the backshores of South Frigate Bay and Majors Bay, while shell fragments come from naturally exposed sections of the North Frigate Bay sand ridge, where they date to the pre-Columbian period. This evidence therefore attests to the past presence of this species on the island. The absence of this taxon from recent malacological surveys points to it having been extirpated from St. Kitts. Apertural fragments of a large bulimulidae collected in the caves of Tintamarre Island, near St. Martin, are also related to this taxon, adding a second West Indian island from which this species apparently disappeared in recent centuries.
Primer reporte del pez Amphilophus citrinellus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) en cuerpos de agua natural para República Dominicana
Authors: Montero-Fortunato Enmanuel , Infante José
Published: July 2021

Se reporta por primera vez habitando de forma natural, la especie de pez ornamental Amphilophus citrinellus (Günther, 1864) para República Dominicana, en la presa de Hatillo, provincia Sánchez Ramírez. Se colectaron nueve especímenes y se utilizaron caracteres merísticos para su identificación. Se presume la introducción intencional de esta especie de alto potencial invasor en este cuerpo de agua.
Oscillatory Biomedical Signals: Frontiers in Mathematical Models and Statistical Analysis
Authors: Wu Hau-Tieng , Lai Tze Leung , Haddad Gabriel G. , Muotri Alysson
Published: July 2021

Herein we describe new frontiers in mathematical modeling and statistical analysis of oscillatory biomedical signals, motivated by our recent studies of network formation in the human brain during the early stages of life and studies forty years ago on cardiorespiratory patterns during sleep in infants and animal models. The frontiers involve new nonlinear-type time–frequency analysis of signals with multiple oscillatory components, and efficient particle filters for joint state and parameter estimators together with uncertainty quantification in hidden Markov models and empirical Bayes inference.
Diverse Profile of Fermentation Byproducts From Thin Stillage
Authors: Fortney Nathaniel W. , Hanson Nathaniel J. , Rosa Paula R. F. , Donohue Timothy J. , Noguera Daniel R.
Published: July 2021

The economy of biorefineries is influenced not only by biofuel production from carbohydrates but also by the production of valuable compounds from largely underutilized industrial residues. Currently, the demand for many chemicals that could be made in a biorefinery, such as succinic acid (SA), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and lactic acid (LA), is fulfilled using petroleum, palm oil, or pure carbohydrates as raw materials, respectively. Thin stillage (TS), the residual liquid material following distillation of ethanol, is an underutilized coproduct from the starch biofuel industry. This carbon-rich material has the potential for chemical upgrading by microorganisms. Here, we explored the formation of different fermentation products by microbial communities grown on TS using different bioreactor conditions. At the baseline operational condition (6-day retention time, pH 5.5, 35°C), we observed a mixture of MCFAs as the principal fermentation products. Operation of a bioreactor with a 1-day retention time induced an increase in SA production, and a temperature increase to 55°C resulted in the accumulation of lactic and propionic acids. In addition, a reactor operated with a 1-day retention time at 55°C conditions resulted in LA accumulation as the main fermentation product. The prominent members of the microbial community in each reactor were assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Under all operating conditions, members of the Lactobacillaceae family within Firmicutes and the Acetobacteraceae family within Proteobacteria were ubiquitous. Members of the Prevotellaceae family within Bacteroidetes and Lachnospiraceae family within the Clostridiales order of Firmicutes were mostly abundant at 35°C and not abundant in the microbial communities of the TS reactors incubated at 55°C. The ability to adjust bioreactor operating conditions to select for microbial communities with different fermentation product profiles offers new strategies to explore and compare potentially valuable fermentation products from TS and allows industries the flexibility to adapt and switch chemical production based on market prices and demands.
Absence of Desmin Results in Impaired Adaptive Response to Mechanical Overloading of Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Joanne Pierre , Hovhannisyan Yeranuhi , Bencze Maximilien , Daher Marie-Thérèse , Parlakian Ara , Toutirais Geraldine , Gao-Li Jacqueline , Lilienbaum Alain , Li Zhenlin , Kordeli Ekaterini , Ferry Arnaud , Agbulut Onnik
Published: July 2021

Background: Desmin is a muscle-specific protein belonging to the intermediate filament family. Desmin mutations are linked to skeletal muscle defects, including inherited myopathies with severe clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to examine the role of desmin in skeletal muscle remodeling and performance gain induced by muscle mechanical overloading which mimics resistance training.

Methods: Plantaris muscles were overloaded by surgical ablation of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. The functional response of plantaris muscle to mechanical overloading in desmin-deficient mice (DesKO, n = 32) was compared to that of control mice (n = 36) after 7-days or 1-month overloading. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms implicated in the observed partial adaptive response of DesKO muscle, we examined the expression levels of genes involved in muscle growth, myogenesis, inflammation and oxidative energetic metabolism. Moreover, ultrastructure and the proteolysis pathway were explored.

Results: Contrary to control, absolute maximal force did not increase in DesKO muscle following 1-month mechanical overloading. Fatigue resistance was also less increased in DesKO as compared to control muscle. Despite impaired functional adaptive response of DesKO mice to mechanical overloading, muscle weight and the number of oxidative MHC2a-positive fibers per cross-section similarly increased in both genotypes after 1-month overloading. However, mechanical overloading-elicited remodeling failed to activate a normal myogenic program after 7-days overloading, resulting in proportionally reduced activation and differentiation of muscle stem cells. Ultrastructural analysis of the plantaris muscle after 1-month overloading revealed muscle fiber damage in DesKO, as indicated by the loss of sarcomere integrity and mitochondrial abnormalities. Moreover, the observed accumulation of autophagosomes and lysosomes in DesKO muscle fibers could indicate a blockage of autophagy. To address this issue, two main proteolysis pathways, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy, were explored in DesKO and control muscle. Our results suggested an alteration of proteolysis pathways in DesKO muscle in response to mechanical overloading.

Conclusion: Taken together, our results show that mechanical overloading increases the negative impact of the lack of desmin on myofibril organization and mitochondria. Furthermore, our results suggest that under these conditions, the repairing activity of autophagy is disturbed. Consequently, force generation is not improved despite muscle growth, suggesting that desmin is required for a complete response to resistance training in skeletal muscle.
CBFB-MYH11 Fusion Sequesters RUNX1 in Cytoplasm to Prevent DNMT3A Recruitment to Target Genes in AML
Authors: Liu Peng , Liu Jin-Pin , Sun Si-Jia , Gao Yun , Ai Yingjie , Chen Xiufei , Sun Yiping , Zhou Mengyu , Liu Yun , Xiong Yue , Yuan Hai-Xin
Published: July 2021

A growing number of human diseases have been found to be associated with aberrant DNA methylation, including cancer. Mutations targeting genes encoding DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), TET family of DNA demethylases, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1, IDH2) that produce TET inhibitory metabolite, 2-hyoxyglutarate (2-HG), are found in more than half of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To gain new insights into the regulation of DNA de/methylation and consequence of its alteration in cancer development, we searched for genes which are mutated in a manner that is linked with gene mutations involved in DNA de/methylation in multiple cancer types. We found that recurrent CBFB-MYH11 fusions, which result in the expression of fusion protein comprising core-binding factor β (CBFB) and myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) and are found in 6∼8% of AML patients, occur mutually exclusively with DNMT3A mutations. Tumors bearing CBFB-MYH11 fusion show DNA hypomethylation patterns similar to those with loss-of-function mutation of DNMT3A. Expression of CBFB-MYH11 fusion or inhibition of DNMT3A similarly impairs the methylation and expression of target genes of Runt related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), a functional partner of CBFB. We demonstrate that RUNX1 directly interacts with DNMT3A and that CBFB-MYH11 fusion protein sequesters RUNX1 in the cytoplasm, thereby preventing RUNX1 from interacting with and recruiting DNMT3A to its target genes. Our results identify a novel regulation of DNA methylation and provide a molecular basis how CBFB-MYH11 fusion contributes to leukemogenesis.
Trichinella spiralis Paramyosin Induces Colonic Regulatory T Cells to Mitigate Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hao Chunyue , Wang Wei , Zhan Bin , Wang Zixia , Huang Jingjing , Sun Ximeng , Zhu Xinping
Published: July 2021

Helminth infection modulates host regulatory immune responses to maintain immune homeostasis. Our previous study identified Trichinella spiralis paramyosin (TsPmy) as a major immunomodulatory protein with the ability to induce regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, whether TsPmy regulates gut Tregs and contributes to intestinal immune homeostasis remains unclear. Here we investigated the therapeutic effect of recombinant TsPmy protein (rTsPmy) on experimental colitis in mice, and elucidated the roles and mechanisms of colonic Tregs induced by rTsPmy in ameliorating colitis. Acute colitis was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in C57BL/6J mice, and chronic colitis was induced by naïve T cells in Rag1 KO mice. Mice with colitis were pre-treated with rTsPmy intraperitoneally, and clinical manifestations and colonic inflammation were evaluated. Colonic lamina propria (cLP) Tregs phenotypes and functions in DSS-induced colitis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Adoptive transfer of cLP Tregs treated by rTsPmy into Rag1 KO chronic colitis was utilized to verify Tregs suppressive function. rTsPmy ameliorated the disease progress of DSS-induced colitis, reduced pro-inflammatory responses but enhanced regulatory cytokines production in DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, rTsPmy specifically stimulated the expansion of thymic-derived Tregs (tTregs) rather than the peripherally derived Tregs (pTregs) in the inflamed colon, enhanced the differentiation of effector Tregs (eTregs) with higher suppressive function and stability in colitis. This study describes the mechanisms of colonic Tregs induced by the Trichinella-derived protein rTsPmy in maintaining gut immune homeostasis during inflammation. These findings provide further insight into the immunological mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effect of helminth-derived proteins in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Colorectal Cancer Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Educate Human Fibroblasts to Stimulate Migratory Capacity
Authors: Clerici Stefano Piatto , Peppelenbosch Maikel , Fuhler Gwenny , Consonni Sílvio Roberto , Ferreira-Halder Carmen Veríssima
Published: July 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is in the top 10 cancers most prevalent worldwide, affecting equally men and women. Current research on tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) suggests that these small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play an important role in mediating cell-to-cell communication and thus potentially affecting cancer progression via multiple pathways. In the present study, we hypothesized that sEVs derived from different CRC cell lines differ in their ability to reprogram normal human fibroblasts through a process called tumor education. The sEVs derived from CRC cell lines (HT29 and HCT116) were isolated by a combination of ultrafiltration and polymeric precipitation, followed by characterization based on morphology, size, and the presence or absence of EV and non-EV markers. It was observed that the HT29 cells displayed a higher concentration of sEVs compared with HCT116 cells. For the first time, we demonstrated that HT29-derived sEVs were positive for low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (Lmwptp). CRC cell-derived sEVs were uptake by human fibroblasts, stimulating migratory ability via Rho-Fak signaling in co-incubated human fibroblasts. Another important finding showed that HT29 cell-derived sEVs are much more efficient in activating human fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Indeed, the sEVs produced by the HT29 cells that are less responsive to a cytotoxic agent display higher efficiency in educating normal human fibroblasts by providing them advantages such as activation and migratory ability. In other words, these sEVs have an influence on the CRC microenvironment, in part, due to fibroblasts reprogramming.
The Second Oncogenic Hit Determines the Cell Fate of ETV6-RUNX1 Positive Leukemia
Authors: Rodríguez-Hernández Guillermo , Casado-García Ana , Isidro-Hernández Marta , Picard Daniel , Raboso-Gallego Javier , Alemán-Arteaga Silvia , Orfao Alberto , Blanco Oscar , Riesco Susana , Prieto-Matos Pablo , García Criado Francisco Javier , García Cenador María Begoña , Hock Hanno , Enver Tariq , Sanchez-Garcia Isidro , Vicente-Dueñas Carolina
Published: July 2021

ETV6-RUNX1 is almost exclusively associated with childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), but the consequences of ETV6-RUNX1 expression on cell lineage decisions during B-cell leukemogenesis are completely unknown. Clinically silent ETV6-RUNX1 preleukemic clones are frequently found in neonatal cord blood, but few carriers develop B-ALL as a result of secondary genetic alterations. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the first transforming steps could greatly advance the development of non-toxic prophylactic interventions. Using genetic lineage tracing, we examined the capacity of ETV6-RUNX1 to instruct a malignant phenotype in the hematopoietic lineage by cell-specific Cre-mediated activation of ETV6-RUNX1 from the endogenous Etv6 gene locus. Here we show that, while ETV6-RUNX1 has the propensity to trigger both T- and B-lymphoid malignancies, it is the second hit that determines tumor cell identity. To instigate leukemia, both oncogenic hits must place early in the development of hematopoietic/precursor cells, not in already committed B-cells. Depending on the nature of the second hit, the resulting B-ALLs presented distinct entities that were clearly separable based on their gene expression profiles. Our findings give a novel mechanistic insight into the early steps of ETV6-RUNX1+ B-ALL development and might have major implications for the potential development of ETV6-RUNX1+ B-ALL prevention strategies.
Progress and Prospect of Organic Electrocatalysts in Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Dong Yangyang , Li Tingting , Cai Dong , Yang Shuo , Zhou Xuemei , Nie Huagui , Yang Zhi
Published: July 2021

Lithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries featured by ultra-high energy density and cost-efficiency are considered the most promising candidate for the next-generation energy storage system. However, their pragmatic applications confront several non-negligible drawbacks that mainly originate from the reaction and transformation of sulfur intermediates. Grasping and catalyzing these sulfur species motivated the research topics in this field. In this regard, carbon dopants with metal/metal-free atoms together with transition–metal complex, as traditional lithium polysulfide (LiPS) propellers, exhibited significant electrochemical performance promotions. Nevertheless, only the surface atoms of these host-accelerators can possibly be used as active sites. In sharp contrast, organic materials with a tunable structure and composition can be dispersed as individual molecules on the surface of substrates that may be more efficient electrocatalysts. The well-defined molecular structures also contribute to elucidate the involved surface-binding mechanisms. Inspired by these perceptions, organic electrocatalysts have achieved a great progress in recent decades. This review focuses on the organic electrocatalysts used in each part of Li−S batteries and discusses the structure–activity relationship between the introduced organic molecules and LiPSs. Ultimately, the future developments and prospects of organic electrocatalysts in Li−S batteries are also discussed.