bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction Site Sides
Authors: Tønsberg Ivar
Published: November 2016

Photography created for the Design Concept issue by Ivar
Tønsberg.
Gravity’s Reverb: Listening to Space-Time, or Articulating the Sounds of Gravitational-Wave Detection
Authors: Helmreich Stefan
Published: November 2016

In February 2016, U.S.-based astronomers announced that they had detected gravitational waves, vibrations in the substance of space-time. When they made the detection public, they translated the signal into sound, a “chirp,” a sound wave swooping up in frequency, indexing, scientists said, the collision of two black holes 1.3 billion years ago. Drawing on interviews with gravitational-wave scientists at MIT and interpreting popular representations of this cosmic audio, I ask after these scientists’ acoustemology—that is, what the anthropologist of sound Steven Feld would call their “sonic way of knowing and being.” Some scientists suggest that interpreting gravitational-wave sounds requires them to develop a “vocabulary,” a trained judgment about how to listen to the impress of interstellar vibration on the medium of the detector. Gravitational-wave detection sounds, I argue, are thus articulations of theories with models and of models with instrumental captures of the cosmically nonhuman. Such articulations, based on mathematical and technological formalisms—Einstein’s equations, interferometric observatories, and sound files—operate alongside less fully disciplined collections of acoustic, auditory, and even musical metaphors, which I call informalisms. Those informalisms then bounce back on the original articulations, leading to rhetorical reverb, in which articulations—amplified through analogies, similes, and metaphors—become difficult to fully isolate from the rhetorical reflections they generate. Filtering analysis through a number of accompanying sound files, this article contributes to the anthropology of listening, positing that scientific audition often operates by listening through technologies that have been tuned to render theories and their accompanying formalisms both materially explicit and interpretively resonant.
Golden Snail Opera: The More-than-Human Performance of Friendly Farming on Taiwan’s Lanyang Plain
Authors: Tsai Yen-Ling , Carbonell Isabelle , Chevrier Joelle , Tsing Anna Lowenhaupt
Published: November 2016

Combining video and performance-oriented text, this genre-bending o-pei-la is a multispecies enactment of experimental natural history. Our players consider the golden treasure snail (金寶螺 kim-pó-lê; Pomacea canaliculata and relatives; golden apple snail), first imported to Taiwan from Argentina in 1979 for an imagined escargot industry, but now a major pest of rice agriculture in Taiwan and across Asia. Whereas farmers in the Green Revolution’s legacy use poison to exterminate snails, a new generation of friendly farmers (友善小農; youshan xiaonong) in Taiwan’s Yilan County hand-pick snails and attempt to learn enough about their lives to insert farming as one among many multispecies life ways within the paddy. Drawing on a variety of knowledge sources, including personal experience, international science, social media, traditional calendars, and local understandings of ghosts and deities, these farmers construct an experimental natural history of both new and old paddy-field denizens. Their experiments self-consciously intersect with the investigations made by other species of the paddy field. Our article offers an ethnography of both kinds of experiments, human and nonhuman. Video and text together show the performative features of cross-species acquaintance. In the process, we contribute to debates about radical alterity, showing how anthropologists can do more than sort for difference: we can identify vernacular patches of practice that mix and juxtapose many ontological alternatives.
Investigation of prospective teachers' metacognitive awareness in terms of some variables
Authors: Bars Mehmet , Oral Behçet
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the metacognitive awareness of prospective teachers according to their gender, field of study and the average number of books they read in a year excluding textbooks. The study was conducted in accordance with this purpose, and the sample of the study consists of prospective teachers who were senior students at Dicle University Ziya Gökalp Faculty of Education in the 2014-2015 academic years spring semester and 1475 randomly selected prospective teachers in the teacher certification program. In the study, the 52-item "Metacognitive Awareness Inventory" was used in order to determine the metacognitive awareness levels of prospective teachers. The inventory was originally developed by Schraw and Dennison (1994) and it was adapted to Turkish by Akın, Abacı and Çetin (2007). The findings of the study reveal that the metacognitive awareness of prospective teachers does not differ significantly in the total extent of the scale according to their gender, but differs significantly according to their field of study and the average number of books they read in a year excluding textbooks.
The Potential Benefit of Intracarpal Pressure Measurement in Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Surgery – An Analysis of EMG Findings and Pressure Values
Authors: Kanta Martin , Ehler Edvard , Kremláček Jan , Řehák Svatopluk , Laštovička David , Adamkov Jaroslav , Habalová Jiřina , Bartoš Michael
Published: November 2016

Endoscopic carpal tunnel syndrome surgery is a modern minimally invasive method of carpal tunnel decompression. However, the method does also have its critics, who emphasize that there is an increased rate of complications in comparison to open procedures. To further improve and optimize results of endoscopic surgery we used an intracarpal pressure sensor to verify the effect of carpal tunnel decompression. The endoscopic single portal approach was used in all cases. Median nerve conduction studies were performed prior to and 3 months after surgery. Two groups, those with pressure studies and those without, were then compared according to several EMG parameters such as: median nerve distal motor latency, amplitude of motor response, sensory nerve conduction velocity to the index finger, and amplitude of sensory nerve action potential. In both groups, we observed similarly significant improvements in all conduction parameters, except the amplitude of motor response, which did not change in either group, i.e. no difference in postoperative EMG between the two groups was observed. Despite this fact, intracarpal pressure measurement is still useful in localising the point in which the median nerve is compressed and provides valuable functional information on the level decompression achieved.
Tissue Specific Sensitivity of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore to Ca2+ Ions
Authors: Endlicher René , Křiváková Pavla , Lotková Halka , Milerová Marie , Drahota Zdeněk , Červinková Zuzana
Published: November 2016

Ca2+-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is involved in induction of apoptotic and necrotic processes. We studied sensitivity of MPTP to calcium using the model of Ca2+-induced, cyclosporine A-sensitive mitochondrial swelling. Presented data indicate that the extent of mitochondrial swelling (dA520/4 min) induced by addition of 25 μM Ca2+is seven-fold higher in liver than in heart mitochondria (0.564 ± 0.08/0.077± 0.01). The extent of swelling induced by 100 μM Ca2+was in liver tree times higher than in heart mitochondria (0.508±0.05/ 0.173±0.02). Cyclosporine A sensitivity showed that opening of the MPTP is involved. We may thus conclude that especially at low Ca2+concentration heart mitochondria are more resistant to damaging effect of Ca2+than liver mitochondria. These finding thus support hypothesis that there exist tissue specific strategies of cell protection against induction of the apoptotic and necrotic processes.
Blended learning citation patterns and publication networks across seven worldwide regions
Authors: Spring Kristian J , Graham Charles R
Published: November 2016

The field of international blended learning (BL) is primed to benefit from stronger communication and collaboration. Collaboration is currently limited, and regions vary greatly in terms of citations. However, BL is growing worldwide and each region is an important part of the community. The goal of this research is to explore where the most impactful conversations about BL worldwide are occurring and how, if at all, are they connected to one another in terms of citations and publications. We present here the most cited BL articles from each region, the journals that publish these articles, and citation and publication patterns for each in order to construct a broad overview of impact and publication within the field.
Ein softwarebasierter Patientensimulator zur Evaluierung medizinischer Entscheidungssysteme
Authors: Kretschmer Jörn , Laufer Bernhard , Lehmann Thomas , Stehle Patrick , Redmond Daniel , Möller Knut
Published: November 2016

Die Automatisierung der klinischen Intensivtherapie ist eine Entwicklung mit enormem ökonomischem Potential. Die immer
komplexer werdenden Algorithmen für eine solche Automatisierung müssen während der Entwicklung aber auch zur
Evaluierung und Validierung systematisch getestet werden. Besonders in der Entwicklungsphase eignen sich hierzu
Simulationssysteme, die die physiologischen Reaktionen des Patienten abbilden und eine realitätsnahe Evaluierung
ermöglichen. Im Folgenden soll ein solcher Patientensimulator vorgestellt werden, der einen mechanisch beatmeten
Patienten abbilden kann. Die Ergebnisse der Patientensimulation zeigen in ihrer Gesamtheit physiologisch plausibles
Verhalten und können in Echtzeit oder schneller berechnet werden.
Beispiele für den Einsatz von Automatisierungstechnik bei der Analyse biologischer Modellorganismen
Authors: Marcato Daniel , Breitwieser Helmut , Scheikl Paul , Peravali Ravindra , Reischl Markus , Pylatiuk Christian
Published: November 2016

Biologische Modellorganismen wie z. B. die Eier des Zebrafischs müssen für Experimente in der Regel zunächst in
Mikrotiterplatten einsortiert werden, damit sie mikroskopiert werden können. Die Auswertung des dabei gewonnenen
Bildmaterials erfolgt anschließend, wie die anderen Prozessschritte auch, meist manuell. Aus diesem Grund wurden Systeme
zur Automatisierung der verschiedenen Prozessschritte am Institut für Angewandte Informatik entwickelt. Die ausgewählten
Beispiele beinhalten das automatische Sortieren von Zebrafischeiern durch einen Roboter ohne die Einwirkung von sichtbarem
Licht, die daran anschließende automatisierte Detektion von motorischen Reaktionen der Fischeier auf optische Reize und
ein System zur automatisierten Verhaltensbeobachtung adulter Fische.
State-of-the-art diagnosis of myocardial infarction
Authors: Vafaie Mehrshad
Published: November 2016

The current version of the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) was published in 2012. An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is characterized by evidence of myocardial necrosis in a clinical setting of acute myocardial ischemia. Diagnostic criteria include a rise and/or fall of serially tested cardiac biomarkers (preferentially cardiac troponins) with at least one value above the 99th percentile of the upper reference limit combined with symptoms of ischemia, new changes on electrocardiogram (ECG), imaging evidence of a new loss of viable myocardium or new regional wall motion abnormalities or the identification of an intracoronary thrombus by angiography or autopsy. Compared to previous versions, the current definition of MI includes minor modifications regarding ECG criteria and subtypes of MI as well as the use of cardiac imaging and high sensitivity troponin assays. This article summarizes the Universal MI definition and includes recommendations from the current guidelines for the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Strategies for “early rule-in” and “rule-out” of non-ST-elevation MI with high sensitivity cardiac troponin assays, risk scores for assessment of ischemic and bleeding risk and criteria for optimal timing of angiography are presented.
Effect of dip time on the electrochemical behavior of PPy-Cu(OH)2 hybrid electrodes synthesized using pyrrole and CuSO4
Authors: Thakur Amarsingh V. , Lokhande Balkrishna J.
Published: November 2016

The present work in on the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) mediated synthesis and study of variations in electrochemical behavior of PPy-Cu(OH)2 hybrid electrodes with dip time. In the aqueous route preparation, 0.1 m pyrrole, 0.1 m CuSO4 dissolved in acidified water (using 0.5 m H2SO4) and H2O2 (30 wt %) were used as initial ingredient sources. The peaks observed in the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the electrode at 2θ=21.500 oriented along the <110> planes closely match with the peaks of Cu(OH)2 as per JCPDS data card no. 42-0638 indicating the existence of triclinic Cu(OH)2 in the hybrid. The characteristic peak at 1559 cm−1 in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum due to pyrrole ring vibrations confirms the existence of PPy in the hybrid. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis shows the occurrence of C, N, O and Cu in the electrode material which substantiates the formation of the hybrid. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of electrodes with optimum dip time (20 s) in pyrrole show networks of interconnected nanostructures. The specific capacitance increases with the dip time in the source solutions. The electrode prepared with optimum dip time in pyrrole has produced the maximum values of specific capacitance (SC), specific energy (SE) and specific power (SP) as 127.04 F/g, 44.16 Wh/kg and 30 kW/kg, respectively, when analyzed in 0.5 m H2SO4. Impedance study of the electrode explains the mixed capacitive nature and the maximum values of solution resistance (Rs), charge transfer resistance (Rct) and Warburg impedance (Rw) are 1.35 Ω, 143.4 Ω and 2.05 Ω, respectively.
Application of Fractional Techniques in the Analysis of Forest Fires
Authors: Lopes António M. , Machado J.A. Tenreiro
Published: November 2016

In this paper we study the global behavior of forest fires (FFs) in the Continental United States for the period 1984–2013. The data are obtained from a public domain catalog maintained by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity project. First we adopt clustering analysis to reduce the information dimensionality. Then we adopt mathematical tools commonly used in the analysis of dynamical systems, namely fractal dimension, entropy and fractional Fourier transform. The fractional techniques unveil FF patterns embedded in the data.
Discharge Coefficient of Rectangular Side Weirs on Circular Channels
Authors: Azimi Hamed , Shabanlou Saeid , Ebtehaj Isa , Bonakdari Hossein
Published: November 2016

In this study, the flow turbulence and variations of the supercritical free surface flow in a circular channel along a side weir are simulated as three dimensional using the RNGk-εturbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) scheme. Comparison between the numerical model and experimental measurements shows that the numerical model simulates the free surface flow with good accuracy. According to the numerical model results, the specific energy variations along the side weir for the supercritical flow regime are almost constant and the energy drop is not significant but by increasing the side weir length the energy difference between the side weir upstream and downstream increases. Next, using the nonlinear regression (NLR) and analysis of the simulation results, some relationships for calculating the discharge coefficient of side weir on circular channels in supercritical flow regime are provided.
Work Integration Social Enterprises for People with Disabilities in Japan
Authors: Laratta Rosario , Nakagawa Sachiko
Published: November 2016

This paper is divided into two interrelated sections. The first part provides a historical analysis of three relevant policy regimes and discusses how these have affected the emergence and development of Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) in Japan. The second part of the paper draws on the findings of a qualitative study of 18 WISEs to identify and characterize different models of WISEs in Japan. Three major dimensions were observed: i) social goal of the organizations; ii) organizational strategies; iii) governance structure. This paper should be viewed as a first attempt to build knowledge about emerging, or already well-established, social enterprise models in Japan. This, in turn, could foster international comparative analysis between Japan and other developed countries.
XL to XXL: Seeking Solutions for Transport, Exhibition and Storage of Charles Le Brun’s Cartoons
Authors: Dubard Valentine , Kasprzak Charlotte
Published: November 2016

The exhibition of 75 cartoons by Charles Le Brun (1619–1690) in Madrid and Barcelona scheduled for March 2016 offered a good opportunity to discuss the collection’s overall condition which was at that point very heterogeneous. Several solutions for storage and transport will be introduced in the article. Cartoons which had already been lined on canvas and stretched on auto-tensor frames were inserted into movement, storage and transport boxes adapted to the needs of a graphic art collection. Cartoons which had been already mounted on cardboard were additionally protected by covers with spacers. For cartoons which had remained rolled since they have entered the collection in 1690, specially customized portfolios were designed for transport and storage using a wooden grid frame to obtain a very light, but rigid support. The creation of prototypes allowed us to refine the portfolio’s design little by little.
Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging processing techniques in stroke studies
Authors: Mirzaei Golrokh , Adeli Hojjat
Published: November 2016

In recent years, there has been considerable research interest in the study of brain connectivity using the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). Studies have explored the brain networks and connection between different brain regions. These studies have revealed interesting new findings about the brain mapping as well as important new insights in the overall organization of functional communication in the brain network. In this paper, after a general discussion of brain networks and connectivity imaging, the brain connectivity and resting state networks are described with a focus on rsfMRI imaging in stroke studies. Then, techniques for preprocessing of the rsfMRI for stroke patients are reviewed, followed by brain connectivity processing techniques. Recent research on brain connectivity using rsfMRI is reviewed with an emphasis on stroke studies. The authors hope this paper generates further interest in this emerging area of computational neuroscience with potential applications in rehabilitation of stroke patients.
Aut liberi aut libri? Arbeitsbedingungen und -zufriedenheit des religionswissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses in Deutschland
Authors: Eufinger Veronika , Jelinek-Menke Ramona , Neumaier Anna
Published: November 2016

Die Arbeitsbedingungen und -zufriedenheit des religionswissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses, d. h. all derer, die, ohne auf eine Professur berufen zu sein, religionswissenschaftlich forschen und arbeiten, wurden bislang kaum untersucht. Der Arbeitskreis Mittelbau und Nachwuchs (AKMN) der Deutschen Vereinigung für Religionswissenschaft (DVRW) hat im Sommer 2015 eine statistische Erhebung durchgeführt, um diese Lücke zu schließen. Auf der Grundlage der Umfrageergebnisse werden in diesem Beitrag zunächst die Arbeitsbedingungen und ihre Auswirkungen auf berufliche Perspektiven und persönliche Lebensumstände der betreffenden Personengruppe beschrieben. An diese Darstellung schließen sich Anregungen für die zukünftige Gestaltung religionswissenschaftlicher Arbeit im Kontext von Forschungsinstitutionen, insbesondere Universitäten, an.
The Kepler tiling as the oldest complex surface structure in history: X-ray structure analysis of a two-dimensional oxide quasicrystal approximant
Authors: Roy Sumalay , Mohseni Katayoon , Förster Stefan , Trautmann Martin , Schumann Florian , Zollner Eva , Meyerheim Holger , Widdra Wolf
Published: November 2016

We have carried out a surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) analysis of the approximant structure related to the recently discovered two-dimensional dodecagonal oxidic quasicrystal. The structure is characterized by the 32.4.3.4 Archimedean tiling, first described by Kepler in 1619. The tiling network is related to titanium atoms observed as protrusions in scanning tunneling microscopy images. All four titanium atoms within one two-dimensional unit cell (a0=13.1 Å, b0=12.9 Å, γ=90.5°) are surrounded by three oxygen atoms. The TiO3 units are separated by barium atoms. The total stoichiometry is given by Ba4 Ti4 O10.
Electronic Polarisability of NaNO2–NaNO3 and NaOH–NaNO3 Ionic Melts and Effective Ionic Radius of OH－
Authors: Iwadate Yasuhiko , Ohnishi Ryosuke , Ohkubo Takahiro
Published: November 2016

Molar volumes and refractive indexes of molten NaNO2–NaNO3 and NaOH–NaNO3 systems were measured by dilatometry and goniometry, respectively. The molar volumes of both systems increased with increasing temperature. Refractive indexes decreased with a rise of temperature or with increasing wavelength of the incident visible light. Assuming that the electronic polarisability is inherent in an ion, the electronic polarisability of a OH－ ion in the melt was estimated from the Lorentz–Lorenz equation to be 1.26×10−30 m3, being comparable with that in the crystal. The effective ionic radius of a OH－ ion was evaluated from the obtained electronic polarisability to be 1.34×10−10 m, using the correlation between the third power of the ionic radius and the electronic polarisability of an ion so far reported. The effective ionic radius obtained in this work was in good agreement with that assigned by Shannon.
Suspending Disbelief: Magnetic and Miraculous Levitation from Antiquity to the Middle Ages
Authors: Lowe Dunstan
Published: November 2016

Static levitation is a form of marvel with metaphysical implications whose long history has not previously been charted. First, Pliny the Elder reports an architect’s plan to suspend an iron statue using magnetism, and the later compiler Ampelius mentions a similar-sounding wonder in Syria. When the Serapeum at Alexandria was destroyed, and for many centuries afterwards, chroniclers wrote that an iron Helios had hung magnetically inside. In the Middle Ages, reports of such false miracles multiplied, appearing in Muslim accounts of Christian and Hindu idolatry, as well as Christian descriptions of the tomb of Muhammad. A Christian levitation miracle involving saints’ relics also emerged. Yet magnetic suspension could be represented as miraculous in itself, representing lost higher knowledge, as in the latest and easternmost tradition concerning Konark’s ruined temple. The levitating monument, first found in classical antiquity, has undergone many cultural and epistemological changes in its long and varied history.
Robert Schumann, Serious Virtuosity, and the Rhetoric of the Sublime
Authors: Stefaniak Alexander
Published: November 2016

In several essays from the first half of the nineteenth century, Robert Schumann and other music critics used the rhetoric of the sublime when describing select, unconventionally intense virtuosic showpieces and performances, evoking this category’s associations with overpowering, even fearsome experiences and heroic human qualities. These writings formed one strand of a larger discourse in which musicians and critics attempted to describe and identify instances of virtuosity that supposedly rejected superficiality and aimed at serious aesthetic values: in the nineteenth-century imagination, the sublime abnegated mere sensuous pleasure; inspired a mixture of attraction, admiration, and trepidation; and implied both masculinity and intellectual cultivation. It offered a framework for self-consciously elevating virtuosity rooted in the sheer intensity and, in some cases, perceived inaccessibility of particular works and performances. Schumann extended the mantle of sublimity to Liszt during the virtuoso’s 1840 Leipzig and Dresden concerts. Critics described three of Schumann’s own 1830s piano showpieces using the rhetoric of the sublime, comparing the finale of the Concert sans orchestre, Op. 14, to violent forces of nature to illustrate the way its virtuosic passagework disrupts and engulfs lyrical themes within an anomalous formal structure. They also linked the Toccata, Op. 7, and Etudes symphoniques, Op. 13, to Beethoven, hinting at the ways in which Schumann alluded to or modeled these showpieces on Beethoven symphonies. These episodes in Schumann’s career broaden our understanding of the contexts in which nineteenth-century writers on music evoked the sublime, showing how they described this quality not only in symphonies and large choral works but also in solo performances and showpieces. They illuminate the politics of the sublime, revealing its significance for nineteenth-century thinking about the cultural prestige that particular musical works and performances could attain.
“Quasi industre giardiniero”
Authors: Gavito Cory M.
Published: November 2016

Among the roughly 150 Italian songbooks published between 1610 and 1665 with the guitar tablature known as alfabeto, about thirteen are anthologies. These anthologies often advertise the role of a compiler who has gathered together music by diverse authors. The extent to which compilers also functioned as authors and editors is not well understood. This essay considers the case of Giovanni Stefani, a compiler who, in the preface to his Scherzi amorosi of 1622, describes the anthology as a collection of his choosing that contains “varie compositioni de Virtuosi della prima classe” (various compositions of first-class virtuosos). Intriguingly, none of the settings Stefani prints (in both this alfabeto anthology and two others) include attributions.

Since the 1880s, scholars have been preoccupied with matters of transmission and attribution, unearthing a network of textual and musical concordances. This article expands the nexus of Stefani’s songs and their concordant sources, revealing an array of examples that range from identical copies to “partial” concordances that take over motives, phrases, refrains, or harmonic schemes. These examples indicate that in preparing his anthologies, Stefani mined a corpus of existing prints and manuscripts while also relying heavily on oral transmission. The complex nature of Stefani’s approach, taken together with his complete avoidance of composer attributions, points toward an editorial process shaped by a fluid exchange between oral and written musical practices.
A New Source for the Performance of Cantus Planus and Cantus Fractus in Eighteenth-Century Venice
Authors: Dyer Joseph
Published: November 2016

Among the books, manuscripts, and printed music donated to Boston University by the renowned Haydn scholar H. C. Robbins Landon is a manuscript collection of music for the Ordinary of the Mass. The volume is a compendium, most likely from the Veneto, created in the mid-eighteenth century by extracting pages from three manuscripts copied earlier in the century or late in the previous century. The four cantus-fractus Ordinary cycles that introduce the volume (presumably contemporaneous with its creation) and most of the sixteen cantus-fractus Credos seem to be unica. The compendium assembles a practical repertory of monophonic Ordinary chants in plainsong and cantus fractus for the celebration of Mass in a parish church or a religious community. Rubrical notes added to the manuscript prescribe liturgical assignments, specify starting pitches that frequently signal transposition, and call for the participation of the organ, either in alternation with the choir or as accompaniment. The compendium not only augments the known repertoire of cantus-fractus melodies and chants for the Ordinary of the Mass, but it also provides insights into the performance style of chant in eighteenth-century Italy.
Time Zones
Authors: Jackson Shannon , Bryan-Wilson Julia
Published: November 2016

Exploring the emergence of the rubric “time-based art” across several disciplinary formations, including performance and visual art, this editors’ introduction outlines some historical theories of duration across the arts and argues for a contextual approach that accounts for both medium and institutional location.
The Non-time of Lived Experience
Authors: Lepecki André
Published: November 2016

This essay analyzes the approach of Brazilian artist Hélio Oiticica (1937–80) to what he called “the problem of color.” Oiticica’s conceptual-aesthetic pursuits between 1959–65 offered a renewed onto-political conceptualization of notions of time, particularly of the “liveness” of inert matters and of the “thingness” of participation. His notion of “vivência estética” (the lived experience of the aesthetic) bridged supposed gaps between performance and objecthood while offering a redefinition of what constitutes political action and what constitutes artistic matter.
National Parks for New Audiences
Authors: Coslett Daniel E. , Chalana Manish
Published: November 2016

Changing sociocultural and historiographic contexts require new approaches to interpretation and presentation at National Park Service–administered sites. Through the study of two NPS parks in Washington State (San Juan Island National Historical Park and Whitman Mission National Historic Site), this article explores the agency’s interpretive programs and practices in relation to founding mandates and contemporary relevance. As demonstrated by these case studies, efforts to expand programming and presentations within the NPS system are ongoing but at present insufficient in light of current changes in demographics and visitation. Ultimately, for the NPS to remain relevant in the twenty-first century it must respect founding mandates but diversify interpretation of its parks’ contested histories, thereby enhancing its contemporary relevance and better engaging today’s audiences.
Resuscitating the Promise
Authors: Shea Margo , Zujewski Maryann , Parker Jonathan
Published: November 2016

This article explores the challenges and opportunities that accompany efforts on the ground to nurture innovation as we promote stewardship, preserve valued places, advance education, and facilitate citizens’ connection to their parks and historic sites in the second century of the National Park Service. Using the first nationally designated historic site, Salem Maritime, as a case study, we examine efforts to grapple with bureaucratic inertias, entrenched patterns of insularity, and reliance on top-down authority. Support from leadership is necessary to allow education and interpretation staff on the ground to invite scholars, teachers, school districts, community educators, park neighbors, and others to participate in developing more engaged, complex, multivocal, and democratic histories and a broader vision for the new century in the NPS.
Tracing a Lineage of Social Reform Programs at Catoctin Mountain Park
Authors: Sirna Angela
Published: November 2016

This article uses Catoctin Mountain Park as a case study to chart the evolution of social policy on a national park landscape. It places these changes in the larger context of economic, social, and land use policies throughout the twentieth century. These policies and programs often created complicated relationships between the park and certain groups. It is essential for the National Park Service to understand these complexities in order for it to be a good steward of the agency’s own history and provide new opportunities for visitor engagement.
NPS History 101
Authors: Bruggeman Seth C.
Published: November 2016

This essay details my experience in developing and teaching a course concerning the history of the National Park Service for students enrolled in Temple University’s ProRanger Program. I offer this account as a pedagogical case study, but also as evidence that educational partnerships between the agency and college classrooms can help us imagine new possibilities for both. Most significant, for the NPS, is the possibility of grooming a new generation of agency advocates at a time when it—and we—need them most.
A National Park in the Wasteland
Authors: Dilsaver Lary M.
Published: November 2016

The National Park Service functions through the conceptual framework of American culture, which derives from Christian ideas born in the Middle East. Biblical societies reacted to deserts in two ways. Most people shunned arid areas as dangerous and bereft of life. But a second belief drew prophets and others who sought retreat for meditation or seclusion. The National Park Service and the public initially held the negative view of the desert, but a rise in appreciation of its sublime character challenged that perception. Joshua Tree National Park shows how that change influenced the existence and management of an arid park.
Glycosylation pattern analysis of glycoprotein hormones and their receptors
Authors: Núñez Miguel Ricardo , Sanders Jane , Furmaniak Jadwiga , Rees Smith Bernard
Published: November 2016

We have studied glycosylation patterns in glycoprotein hormones (GPHs) and glycoprotein hormone receptor (GPHR) extracellular domains (ECD) from different species to identify areas not glycosylated that could be involved in intermolecular or intramolecular interactions. Comparative models of the structure of the TSHR ECD in complex with TSH and in complex with TSHR autoantibodies (M22, stimulating and K1-70, blocking) were obtained based on the crystal structures of the FSH-FSHR ECD, M22-TSHR leucine-rich repeat domain (LRD) and K1-70-TSHR LRD complexes. The glycosylation sites of the GPHRs and GPHs from all species studied were mapped on the model of the human TSH TSHR ECD complex. The areas on the surfaces of GPHs that are known to interact with their receptors are not glycosylated and two areas free from glycosylation, not involved in currently known interactions, have been identified. The concave faces of GPHRs leucine-rich repeats 3–7 are free from glycosylation, consistent with known interactions with the hormones. In addition, four other non-glycosylated areas have been identified, two located on the receptors’ convex surfaces, one in the long loop of the hinge regions and one at the C-terminus of the extracellular domains. Experimental evidence suggests that the non-glycosylated areas identified on the hormones and receptors are likely to be involved in forming intramolecular or intermolecular interactions.
Vildagliptin and caloric restriction for cardioprotection in pre-diabetic rats
Authors: Tanajak Pongpan , Pintana Hiranya , Siri-Angkul Natthaphat , Khamseekaew Juthamas , Apaijai Nattayaporn , Chattipakorn Siriporn C , Chattipakorn Nipon
Published: November 2016

Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption causes cardiac dysfunction. Although calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to be useful in obesity, we hypothesized that combined CR with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor provides greater efficacy than monotherapy in attenuating cardiac dysfunction and metabolic impairment in HFD-induced obese-insulin resistant rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups to be fed on either a normal diet (ND, n = 6) or a HFD (n = 24) for 12 weeks. Then, HFD rats were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 6/subgroup) to receive just the vehicle, CR diet (60% of mean energy intake and changed to ND), vildagliptin (3 mg/kg/day) or combined CR and vildagliptin for 4 weeks. Metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac mitochondrial function, left ventricular (LV) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 signaling pathway were determined. Rats on a HFD developed insulin and FGF21 resistance, oxidative stress, cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired LV function. Rats on CR alone showed both decreased body weight and visceral fat accumulation, whereas vildagliptin did not alter these parameters. Rats in CR, vildagliptin and CR plus vildagliptin subgroups had improved insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress. However, vildagliptin improved heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac mitochondrial function and LV function better than the CR. Chronic HFD consumption leads to obese-insulin resistance and FGF21 resistance. Although CR is effective in improving metabolic regulation, vildagliptin provides greater efficacy in preventing cardiac dysfunction by improving anti-apoptosis and FGF21 signaling pathways and attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in obese-insulin-resistant rats.
Characterization of the cervical mucus plug in mares
Authors: Loux S C , Scoggin K E , Troedsson M H T , Squires E L , Ball B A
Published: November 2016

The cervical mucus plug (CMP) is believed to play an integral role in the maintenance of pregnancy in the mare, primarily by inhibiting microbial entry. Unfortunately, very little is known about its composition or origin. To determine the proteomic composition of the CMP, we collected CMPs from mares (n = 4) at 9 months of gestation, and proteins were subsequently analyzed by nano-LC–MS/MS. Results were searched against EquCab2.0, and proteomic pathways were predicted by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Histologic sections of the CMP were stained with H&E and PAS. To identify the origin of highly abundant proteins in the CMP, we performed qPCR on endometrial and cervical mucosal mRNA from mares in estrus, diestrus as well as mares at 4 and 10 m gestation on transcripts for lactotransferrin, uterine serpin 14, uteroglobin, uteroferrin, deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 and mucins 4, 5b and 6. Overall, we demonstrated that the CMP is composed of a complex milieu of proteins during late gestation, many of which play an important role in immune function. Proteins traditionally considered to be endometrial proteins were found to be produced by the cervical mucosa suggesting that the primary source of the CMP is the cervical mucosa itself. In summary, composition of the equine CMP is specifically regulated not only during pregnancy but also throughout the estrous cycle. The structural and compositional changes serve to provide both a structural barrier as well as a physiological barrier during pregnancy to prevent infection of the fetus and fetal membranes.
Sąvokų sistema atvaizduotų individo žinių elastingumas ir jo bandomasis tyrimas
Authors: Budrevičius Algirdas
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje analizuojama sąvokų sistema atvaizduotų individo žinių elastingumas ir pateikiamas jo bandomasis tyrimas. Žinios laikomos elastingomis, jeigu turi gebą jautriai reaguoti (keistis), kai keičiasi poveikis joms. Apibrėžiamos elastingumo prielaidos ir sąlygos. Aprašomas poveikio žinioms sudarymo būdas individui užduodant klausimus, kuriuose prašoma išvardyti temos sąvokas. Esminė tokių klausimų ypatybė – vos pastebimas jų prasmės skirtumas. Straipsnyje apibūdinami tipiniai elastingumo reakcijų atvejai. Žinių elastingumui vertinti pritaikoma procentinė skalė, suskirstanti žinias į kelis pagrindinius lygius: nuo visiškai neelastingų iki labai elastingų. Aptartas ir ribinis atvejis, kai elastingumo sąvoka netaikytina (jeigu poveikis sukelia individo reakciją, rodančią kokybinį žinių pokytį). Naudojama skalė atitinka tvarkos (rangų) skalės lygį. Žinių elastingumo reiškinio išsamesniam išaiškinimui aprašomas bandomasis tyrimas su informacijos vadybos studijų programos baigiamųjų (2012) metų studentais (dvylika respondentų). Tyrimas iliustruoja ir konkretizuoja teoriškai išskirtus pagrindinius elastingumo reakcijų tipus, padeda geriau paaiškinti elastingumo reiškinio esmę ir jo tyrimo būdą. Jis patvirtina natūralią prielaidą, kad tirtųjų studentų pamatinės sąvokomis atvaizduotos žinios turėtų būti elastingos.
Preschool ADHD Diagnosis and Stimulant Use Before and After the 2011 AAP Practice Guideline
Authors: Fiks Alexander G. , Ross Michelle E. , Mayne Stephanie L. , Song Lihai , Liu Weiwei , Steffes Jennifer , McCarn Banita , Grundmeier Robert W. , Localio A. Russell , Wasserman Richard
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the change in the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and prescribing of stimulants to children 4 to 5 years old after release of the 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics guideline.

METHODS:

Electronic health record data were extracted from 63 primary care practices. We included preventive visits from children 48 to 72 months old receiving care from January 2008 to July 2014. We compared rates of ADHD diagnosis and stimulant prescribing before and after guideline release using logistic regression with a spline and clustering by practice. Patterns of change (increase, decrease, no change) were described for each practice.

RESULTS:

Among 87 067 children with 118 957 visits before the guideline and 56 814 with 92 601 visits after the guideline, children had an ADHD diagnosis at 0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7% to 0.8%) of visits before and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.8% to 0.9%) after guideline release and had stimulant prescriptions at 0.4% (95% CI, 0.4% to 0.4%) of visits in both periods. A significantly increasing preguideline trend in ADHD diagnosis ended after guideline release. The rate of stimulant medication use remained constant before and after guideline release. Patterns of change from before to after the guideline varied significantly across practices.

CONCLUSIONS:

Release of the 2011 guideline that addressed ADHD in preschoolers was associated with the end of an increasing rate of diagnosis, and the rate of prescribing stimulants remained constant. These are reassuring results given that a standardized approach to diagnosis was recommended and stimulant treatment is not first-line therapy for this age group.
Regulation of in vitro morphogenesis in maize inbreds of the Lancaster group
Authors: Derkach K. V. , Abraimova O. E. , Satarova T. M.
Published: November 2016

The aim of this work is the comparative evaluation of the influence of physiologically active substances (PAS) on the ratio of morphogenesis types in vitro and plant regeneration in callus tissues of maize inbreds of the Lancaster heterotic group. Lancaster inbreds of Ukrainian selection DК267, DК6080 and DК298 and lines PLS61, A188 and Chi31 of foreign selection which represented eponymous heterotic groups were selected for into the research. For callusogenesis induction immature embryos of 1.0–1.5 mm in length were planted on a modified N6 medium with 30 g/l sucrose. For regeneration the 30-day callus tissue was transplanted to a modified MS medium containing 20 g/l sucrose and various PAS: 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.1 mg/l) or indolylbutyric acid (IBA) (1.0 mg/l), or cefotaxime (CT) (150 mg/l). Morphogenesis and plant regeneration were obtained in callus tissue by organogenesis through the formation of leaf-like structures or shoots only without roots (hemmogenesis) and by embryogenesis through the development of embryos with the cooperative laying of the apexes of the shoot and the root. The predominant type of in vitro morphogenesis in both groups of genotypes was organogenesis. A tendency to increasing the embryogenesis level among Lancaster inbreds in comparison with the other investigated groups was observed. A certain tendency to increase the level of embryogenesis on a medium for regeneration with IBA, compared to other PAS, was marked. So, for the Lancaster group the embryogenesis level on the medium with IBA was 33.3%, while for the other investigated genotypes it was about 10.3%. Regeneration frequency was 45.8 plantlets/100 calli for Lancaster inbred DК298, 42.2 plantlets/100 calli for DК267 and 5.6 plantlets/100 calli for DК6080. Regeneration frequency of inbred PLS61 was 204.0 plantlets/100 calli, 100.0 plantlets/100 calli for Chi31 and 11.1 plantlets/100 calli for А188. Observed reductions in capacityfor plant regeneration of Lancaster inbreds may have been due to their pedigree. These inbreds belong to the commercial heterotic group that was not specially selected for increased regenerative ability, unlike the model inbreds of other heterotic groups. Overall, the level of regeneration frequency in the Lancaster group was 44.8 plantlets/100 calli on the medium under BAP, 41.4 plantlets/100 calli under IBA, and 20.7 plantlets/100 calli with CT. In general, the level of regeneration frequency for non-Lancaster heterotic groups reached 89.7 plantlets/100 calli on the medium with BAP, 96.7 plantlets/100 calli under IBA, and 93.1 plantlets/100 calli under CT. To enhance embryogenesis and frequency of regeneration for maize inbreds of the Lancaster group 30 g/l sucrose in the callusogenesis medium and physiologically active substance indolylbutyric acid (1.0 mg/l) in the medium for regeneration can be recommended.
Aggressive behaviour of Robins Erithacus rubecula (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae) at watering places in the forest steppe zone of Ukraine
Authors: Markova A. O.
Published: November 2016

283 The purpose of this research was to study interspecific and intra-specific aggressive reactions of Robins (Erithacus rubecula L.) at watering places in natural and anthropogenically pressured areas. The study took place in Kaniv Nature Reserve, Cherkassy region, in May-June 2010, 2012 and 2014 and the state dendrology park “Oleksandriya” of the National Academy of Science in Bila Tserkva. The observation of the birds’ behavior was performed using the ethological methods of “total observation” and “continuous logging”. In order to calculate the critical distance at which a bird shows aggression, the watering areas studied were divided into 1 x 1 m squares. It was found that aggressive intersspecific actions of Robins were more frequent in the natural habitat of Kaniv Reserve while intraspecific aggression was more frequent in the dendrology park. It was noticed that Robins responded aggressively to 12 species of birds in the Kaniv Natur Reserve site. Those species were: Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos), Blackbird (T. merula), Great Tit (Parus major), BlueTit (P. caeruleus), Marsh Tit (P. palustris), Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes), Icterine Warbler (Hippolais icterina), Wood Warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix), Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) and Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa striata). Most often, aggression was directed to individuals that were already at a watering place rather than birds which arrived after the Robins. Besides, Robins frequently initiate aggressive relations. An inverse correlation of aggressive acts and the size parameters of the species, which were objects of Robins’ aggression, was observed. A success rating of Robins’ defence and attack in aggressive relations in Kaniv Nature Reserve was established: Robins were always successful in protecting its territory or attacking an Icterine Warbler and Chiffchaff, and always fails in defending agianst or attacking a Blackbird. The rating in contact with Spotted Flycatcher was zero. The critical distance of aggressive behaviour in intraspecific contacts at watering places was 40–50 cm, while for interspecific contacts it varied from5 cm to2 m. Our research emphasizes the importance of long-term research and multivariate approaches for understanding the complexity of dominance relations in birds.