bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Content Homogenization of Fact-Checking Through Platform Partnerships: A Comparison Between Eight Countries
Authors: Cazzamatta Regina
Published: July 2024

This article evaluates the extent of social media policing in fact-checking (as opposed to verifying public figures’ statements) and the thematic convergence across eight countries in Europe and Latin America. Based on audience reach, we collected links from various organizations (independent outlets, legacy media, or global news agencies). A representative stratified sample of 25% resulted in 3,154 articles. Among the findings, the trend of social media policing prevails across countries and organizations, except for most European legacy media. Independent news-born fact-checking organizations follow a convergent path, sharing more similarities with their global counterparts than their national media peers.
The Researcher’s Facilitating Role in Stimulating a Constructive Group Climate in Online Focus-Group Interviews
Authors: Roald Gunhild Marie , Schruijer Sandra , Neergård Gunn-Berit
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this article is to examine the role of the researcher in stimulating a constructive group climate in online focus-group interviews. It is argued that a climate of psychological safety enhances the likelihood of people expressing their true opinions and thoughts regarding the topic at hand, which is a crucial quality of focus-group research. However, these aspects are more difficult to develop in online encounters than face-to-face. We therefore look into how the researcher can work to acquire focus-group data of adequate quality from online focus-group interviews. Based on an analysis of the research literature on focus-group interviews, as well as group development theory and person-centered theory, we propose three main strategies for researchers who conduct online focus-group interviews: (a) creating conditions before the interview; (b) creating conditions at the beginning of the interview; and (c) active interventions during, and at the end of, the interview.
“Such a Queer Thing”: A Love Poem for Queer and Trans Young Adults
Authors: Paceley Megan S. , Mollet Amanda
Published: July 2024

In a sociopolitical environment where LGBTQ+ rights are under attack, we are in critical need of research that challenges stigma and promotes joy for queer and trans people. Research poems utilize qualitative texts to disseminate findings via poetry, which can reduce stigma, promote empowerment, and tell a story. Interviews with LGBTQ+ college students ( n = 32) explored their experiences coming to and thriving in healthy intimate relationships. The authors, a queer cisgender woman and a queer genderqueer person, created the poem using quotes to illustrate processes of understanding one’s identity, discovering love, navigating queer relationships, and self-discovery.
Dostarlimab: A promising new PD-1 inhibitor for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Farzeen Zubaria , Khan Rana Rashad Mahmood , Chaudhry Ayoub Rashid , Pervaiz Muhammad , Saeed Zohaib , Rasheed Shahzad , Shehzad Behram , Adnan Ahmad , Summer Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Objective

Dostarlimab, a humanized monoclonal PD-1 blocking antibody, is being tested as a cancer therapy in this review. Specifically, it addresses mismatch repair failure in endometrial cancer and locally progressed rectal cancer patients.

Data Sources

A thorough database search found Dostarlimab clinical trials and studies. Published publications and ongoing clinical trials on Dostarlimab's efficacy as a single therapy and in conjunction with other medicines across cancer types were searched.

Data Summary

The review recommends Dostarlimab for endometrial cancer mismatch repair failure, as supported by GARNET studies. The analysis also highlights locally advanced rectal cancer findings. In the evolving area of cancer therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors including pembrolizumab, avelumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, and durvalumab were discussed.

Conclusions

Locally advanced rectal cancer patients responded 100% to Dostarlimab. Many clinical trials, including ROSCAN, AMBER, IOLite, CITRINO, JASPER, OPAL, PRIME, PERLA, and others, are investigating Dostarlimab in combination treatment. This research sheds light on Dostarlimab's current and future possibilities, in improving cancer immunotherapy understanding.
Mechanics and mechanobiology of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Humphrey JD
Published: July 2024

Rupture of intracranial aneurysms, either fusiform or saccular in shape, associates with significant morbidity and mortality. The progressive enlargement and eventual rupture of these lesions depends strongly on the associated mechanics and mechanobiology. In this paper, we review results from past biomechanical analyses of intracranial aneurysms and highlight lessons learned in the general area of vascular mechanobiology with the goal of guiding future research.
Does the capacitor analogy model in fracture mechanics of elastic dielectrics constitute an appropriate approximation?
Authors: Behlen Lennart , Wallenta Daniel , Ricoeur Andreas
Published: July 2024

The analytical solution of an elliptic dielectric cavity in an infinite dielectric plate is taken as basis to investigate a Griffith crack problem which is obtained by letting the semi-minor axis tend towards zero. In the course of this, an erroneous conformal mapping, commonly employed in literature and correctly reproducing the electric field only in a part of the physical space, is rectified. Interpreting the elliptic interface as faces of a mechanically opened crack which is exposed to an oblique remote electric field, surface charges and electrostatic tractions are calculated. In contrast to the established capacitor analogy model, approximately yielding electric charge densities and Coulombic tractions from displacements and electric potentials in the undeformed crack configuration, the work at hand provides exact solutions accounting for different implications of the crack curvature and for the inclination of the electric field. Crack weight functions are finally used to calculate stress and electric displacement intensity factors. As turns out, the surface charges of the capacitor analogy represent an excellent substitute for the exact electric boundary conditions within a relevant range of parameters, whereas inaccurate Coulombic tractions in the vicinity of crack tips may lead to a significantly overestimated mode I stress intensity factor.
Artistic gymnastics as a semiotic construct: the case of the Chinese national team at the Olympic Games / La gimnasia artística como constructo semiótico: el equipo nacional chino en los Juegos Olímpicos
Authors: Wang Jiya , Yao Dawei
Published: July 2024

China is one of the most dynamically developing countries that experienced rapid and tumultuous modernization in the second half of the twentieth century. This modernization consisted of the sports organization improvement and appropriate target-setting in Olympic sports. Sport is the most important sphere of international communication, and gymnastics pertains to the expression of semiotic units by the movement itself. The purpose of this research is to study a semiotic construct embracing the victories, behaviour patterns and organization of the Chinese gymnastics team at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, where China demonstrated its highest achievements in gymnastics. Another reason for selecting these Olympic Games is that semiotically significant elements of the athletes’ behaviour differ from other contexts and Olympics. Consequently, the latter feature facilitates the segregation of these elements through phenomenological research.
Peripheral Coagulation Parameters and Prostate Cancer Association: A Retrospective Study and Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Liu Feifan , Song Yufeng , Wu Fei , Wang Jianyu , Wang Delin , Zhao Zhenlin , Wu Haihu , Lyu Jiaju , Ning Hao
Published: July 2024

Background:

The limitations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa) necessitate the exploration of novel biomarkers. Recent studies suggest a potential link between coagulation markers, particularly fibrinogen and D-dimer, and PCa.

Methods:

A retrospective single-center analysis on 466 biopsy-undergone patients was conducted, categorized into PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) groups. Baseline and coagulation parameter levels were analyzed. Utilizing a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we investigated the causative relationship between D-dimer and PCa risk.

Results:

Individuals with PCa, compared with those with BPH, exhibited significantly higher D-dimer levels ( P < .001), total PSA ( P < .001), and PSA density ( P < .001). Fibrinogen levels did not exhibit significant differences ( P = .505). The MR analysis suggested a probable causal link between elevated D-dimer levels and an increased risk of PCa (odds ratio: 1.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.48-2.21, P = 7.4 × 10−9).

Conclusions:

This research highlights D-dimer as a potential biomarker for diagnosing PCa, supported by clinical and MR analyses. The study paves the way for future large-scale, multi-center research to corroborate these findings and further explore the relationship between coagulation markers and PCa mechanisms.
Visible Light in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Akuffo-Addo Edgar , Ramsay Kaitlyn , Mohsen Samiha , Boisvert Jeannie , Mukovozov Ilya
Published: July 2024

Acne vulgaris, a prevalent dermatological disorder, frequently affects individuals’ self-perception and general psychosocial functioning. The growing demand for home-based light therapy devices prompted a systematic review to assess the efficacy of visible light in acne treatment. Overall, 35 studies were included, representing 1185 cases of acne vulgaris (mean age: 23.7 years; sex: 63% female). A total of 69% of the included studies were level 2 evidence. Overall, 92% of patients achieved partial remission of their acne lesions using visible light therapy. Among the patients who experienced a partial remission of their acne, 46% experienced a reduction of 0% to 50% in their acne lesions, while 33% and 12% experienced reductions of 51% to 74% and 75% to 99%, respectively. Notably, blue light emerged as the predominant treatment modality in this context, used in around 64% of the cases. A total of 95% of the patients who were treated with blue light experienced a partial clearance of acne lesions; 44% experienced a reduction of 0% to 50% in their acne lesions, while 42% and 9% experienced reductions of 51% to 74% and 75% to 99%, respectively. Overall, the average total lesion count improved by 43% at week 4 compared to the baseline. The average number of treatment sessions was 22 (range 1-112 sessions). On average, treated patients responded within a period of 4 weeks. Commonly reported side effects included skin irritation and erythema. This review highlights the potential of visible light therapy in acne treatment. Head-to-head studies are needed to compare the efficacy of visible light compared to existing therapies for the treatment of acne.
Tofacitinib in Pediatric Alopecia Areata Totalis and Alopecia Universalis: A Retrospective Analysis From India
Authors: Gowda Shreya K. , Aggarwal Akash , Thakur Vishal , Behera Biswanath , Garg Sonika , Sethy Madhusmita , Ayyanar Pavithra
Published: July 2024

Alopecia areata totalis and universalis are disabling conditions and therapeutically challenging as they are refractory to conventional options. Tofacitinib is a Janus-kinase (JAK) inhibitor utilized to treat alopecia areata (AA) as an off-label drug. In India, FDA-approved JAK inhibitors such as baricitinib and ritlecitinib are not available. There are only a few case reports on tofacitinib in AA in the Indian population. We present the data of 9 pediatric cases of clinically and histologically proven alopecia areata totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU), for whom oral tofacitinib was given after baseline investigations. The following parameters were analysed: Photographic image and severity of alopecia tool (SALT) score at baseline, 3 months and 6 months, and Children Dermatology Life Quality Index (cDLQI) at baseline and 6 months. The mean ± standard deviation ( M ± SD) of the SALT score and cDLQI( M ± SD) at baseline were 95 ± 5 and 17 ± 2. At weeks 4 and weeks 12, the SALT ( M ± SD) score was 92.7 ± 6.1 and 34.35 ± 11.16, respectively. At weeks 24, the SALT ( M ± SD) score and cDLQI ( M ± SD) were 3.33 ± 5 and 6 ± 2. The final reduction in SALT score from the baseline was 100% in 6/9 cases (66.67%), 75% to 99% in 3/9 (22.23%), and 50 to 75% in 1/9 (11.12%). We also observed minimal adverse effects (one child developed herpes zoster) with tofacitinib. Our study demonstrates that oral tofacitinib represents a viable modality in managing difficult-to-treat pediatric AA, such as AT and AU, with a good safety profile.
Responsibility as weight and space: An aesthetic (re)theorising of responsibility and responsible leadership development for youth
Authors: Lloyd Rhiannon , Carroll Brigid , Woolsey Leny
Published: July 2024

This article seeks to explore youth experiences of responsibility and responsible leadership in leadership development. Noting that youth leadership development programmes have been criticised for prioritising positional and adult-based theories of leadership, we engage directly with youth participants in a leadership development programme to explore their experiences of responsible leadership. Using discourse and aesthetic approaches, we identify two primary discourses of ‘weight’ and ‘space’, which in conjunction with Young’s social-connection model of responsibility, we draw on to conceptualise a youth-oriented form of responsible leadership. In doing so, we offer leadership development a nuanced theorisation of responsibility while also extending and adapting Young’s work to more action-oriented forms of responsible leadership. We conclude by proposing five practices of responsible leadership development that can be effectively incorporated into leadership development programmes to support youth in negotiating the weight and space of responsibility.
Turning complexity into a Delight to the Mind: An integrative framework for teaching and learning complex reasoning
Authors: Montefusco Andrea , Angeli Federica
Published: July 2024

Compelling global challenges and the COVID-19 pandemic have multiplied calls for embedding complexity theory in management research and education to develop more effective analytical skills and organizational practices. Yet, educational curricula adopting complexity theory are still very sparse. This conceptual article explores the relationship between complex adaptive system (CAS) theory, individual and organizational learning, and sensemaking to inform a novel integrated framework for teaching and learning complex reasoning. We outline several cognitive challenges hindering the adoption of complex thinking in managerial settings, such as the tendency-to-simplify of reductionist thinking, the counterintuitive nature and continuous evolution of complex systems’ behavior, the difficulty of updating cognitive frames, and the tendency toward immediate decision-making. We thus propose the need for dynamic preparedness as a core competence for embedding complex reasoning in management learning and practice. Based on CAS core concepts, namely nonlinearity, feedback loops, system delays, path dependency, multiple interacting agents, and autopoiesis, we argue how dynamic preparedness can be nurtured through an abductive, situated educational approach, which develops intuition to sensemaking and the ability to recognize the boundary conditions of simplified models. The proposed framework provides a timely contribution to complexity-oriented education, crucial to increasing societal resilience toward future systemic crises.
Flourishing in life in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The role of illness identity and health-related quality of life
Authors: Krömeke Antonia , Shani Maor
Published: July 2024

Amidst chronic challenges in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), including physical symptoms, emotional stress, and social constraints, this study aimed to elucidate how patients’ perceptions of their illness and its integration into their self-concept are related to their ability to flourish in life. We hypothesized that having a positive and integrative illness identity and social identification will predict higher flourishing, mediated by enhanced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In an online survey with 244 German-speaking IBD adults ( Mage = 36.62, 85% women), we found that lower engulfment (where the disease dominates one’s identity) predicted higher levels of flourishing, mediated by higher HRQoL. Enrichment, reflecting personal growth from illness, directly predicted higher flourishing, while stronger social identification predicted higher subjective well-being, but not flourishing. The results highlight the potential of fostering positive illness identities and social connections to enhance flourishing in individuals with IBD or similar chronic conditions.
English L2 vocabulary acquisition through storytelling for adolescents with and without learning disabilities
Authors: Barwasser Anne , Calhoon Mary Beth , Knaak Turid , Grünke Matthias
Published: July 2024

English is a widely spoken language around the world and is taught in German schools. Even though acquiring English proficiency is vital in today’s globalized society, students with learning disabilities (LDs) or other severe academic difficulties in Germany are often considered incapable of learning English as a second language (L2) beyond a very rudimentary level. In this study, we examined the effects of an English-language storytelling program on the vocabulary of German secondary school students with and without LDs ( N = 45) for four weeks using a pretest–posttest control group design with follow-up measurements. Results showed significant gains for participants in the treatment group compared to the control group. Moreover, the participants in the English-language storytelling program developed more positive attitudes towards the English language overall.
Cultural continuity, identity, and resilience among Indigenous youth: Honoring the legacies of Michael Chandler and Christopher Lalonde
Authors: Burack Jacob A. , Bombay Amy , Kirmayer Laurence J.
Published: July 2024

This essay is an introduction to the thematic issue of Transcultural Psychiatry in honor of the work of Michael Chandler and Christopher Lalonde, developmental psychologists who made essential contributions to the study of identity and wellness among Indigenous youth in Canada and internationally. We outline their major contributions and illustrate the ways their innovative theory and methods have inspired decades of research, including the recent work presented in this issue, which addresses four broad themes: (1) the importance of a developmental perspective in mental health research; (2) the role of individual and collective continuity of identity in suicide prevention and mental health promotion; (3) Indigenous perspectives on trauma and resilience; and (4) Indigenous knowledge and values as a basis for culturally adapted and culturally grounded mental health services and interventions.
Should we be writing at a time like this? Reflections on abolition, political science, and international relations
Authors: Crilley Rhys
Published: July 2024

Should we be writing at a time like this? In this short reflection for the 25th anniversary of the British Journal of Politics and International Relations, I argue that for the journal to remain relevant in an age of perma-crisis, those of us who read and publish in it need to adopt an abolitionist approach to our research, teaching, and praxis. I outline the contours of an abolitionist approach to political science and international relations, and argue that if we are a community who aims to understand, explain, and address the issues and crises that face Britain and the globe today, then our disciplines of political science and international relations may themselves not be up to the scale and seriousness of the challenges we face. Instead, abolition can provide a pathway to overcoming harms and injustices, and offers us a future of care, community, and public safety.
Older adults in major trauma centre psychology provision
Authors: Moorhouse Jaswinder , Holt Bethany , Dixon Lili , Baggaley Jessica , Wilson Georgia , Johnson Louise
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Older adults (OAs) comprise a significant proportion of the Major Trauma (MT) population and the mean age of major trauma patients is rising. Over recent years increasing focus has been directed towards ensuring that the physical health needs of older MT patients are met and managed in a timely and appropriate manner during their acute care. This study aims to explore whether the psychological needs of older adults in major trauma centres are also being appropriately recognised and whether this population is appropriately referred for timely psychological support. The paper also briefly outlines the psychological needs identified in this group during their inpatient admission. The implications for major trauma teams and major trauma psychology services are discussed.

Methods

Retrospective review of referral data captured over a 6 month period as part of the routine service practice for new referrals. Demographic differences were analysed using chi-squared.

Results

There is a statistically significant relationship between major trauma patients’ age and their referral status to Clinical Psychology, with older adults receiving fewer referrals for psychological support.

Conclusion

The current literature understanding the impact of MT for OAs is sparse. Further exploration is needed with both staff and patients to better understand the service gaps and barriers for OAs accessing psychological support following MT.
Parental mediation of children’s online risks: The role of parental risk perception, digital skills and risk experiences
Authors: Helsper Ellen Johanna , Veltri Giuseppe Alessandro , Livingstone Sonia
Published: July 2024

This article advances the understanding of parental mediation of children’s online activities by examining the roles of parental perceptions of risk and parent and child digital skills. Analysis of a survey of European parents distinguishes parental perceptions of the likelihood of risk and the severity of harm before testing the linearity of their relation to digital skills. Results show that parents with higher perceived control over online risk management and those with a broader set of digital skills are more involved in mediating their children’s online activities. The analysis also shows a non-linear, n-shaped relationship between parental skills and parental perception of the severity of harm. The results suggest that future research on parental mediation should distinguish parental knowledge of the digital world based on direct experience from their general perceptions of the likelihood of risk and severity of harm.
Fatigue performance impact of hybridization on Kevlar/flax and glass/flax hybrid composites
Authors: Sarwar Ahmed , Bougherara Habiba
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the effects of hybridization with flax in two distinct laminates: Kevlar/flax (Kevlar/flax/epoxy, KFE) and glass/flax (glass/flax/epoxy, GFE), each featuring two flax fiber orientations (0° and ±45°) under stress-controlled conditions. Employing the wet hand lay-up method, the laminates, comprising 16 plies in a sandwich structure, undergo tension–tension stress-controlled loading at 5 Hz with R = 0.1 until failure or completion of 106 cycles. A comprehensive analysis, encompassing fatigue life, damage modulus, residual strain, fatigue modulus, and hysteresis energy, is conducted to discern the synergies and influences of Kevlar and glass with flax fibers. Results indicate that KFE hybrid specimens exhibit exceptional fatigue strength, surpassing other laminates in load endurance by a significant margin (1.22x–2.46x) over the same cycle count. Conversely, GFE hybrids, despite demonstrating initially higher strength, experience a rapid decline in endurance, particularly evident in the 0° GFE hybrids, which exhibit a 0.43x reduction. Moreover, both KFE hybrids demonstrate a more gradual rate of decline compared to their corresponding GFE hybrids (0.82x and 0.63x) and KFE UD (unidirectional) samples show less sensitivity than FE UD (0.87x). These findings suggest that Kevlar forms a highly effective hybrid with flax, whereas glass, despite common comparisons with flax, does not yield a favorable hybrid for structural applications.
Geometric modelling and finite element analysis of plain-woven natural fibre reinforced hybrid textile composites
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Tevatia Abhishek , Dixit Anurag
Published: July 2024

Prior to the fabrication and implementation processes, it is imperative to accurately predict the mechanical strength of the textile composite. The major goal of this work is to develop a three-dimensional finite element method to estimate the mechanical response of a woven fabric hybrid natural textile composite under compression. A mesoscale finite element model for a plain-woven fabric unit cell has been developed and analysed for its mechanical characteristics. For their mechanical robustness, six natural fibre plain-woven patterns viz. flax plain, jute plain, basalt plain, inter-yarn hybrid basalt-flax plain, and jute-flax plain were compared and thoroughly examined. These patterns’ mechanical properties were modelled and critically contrasted using matrix materials like thermoset epoxy and thermoplastic polypropylene. The basalt-flax plain with epoxy as the matrix material has excellent mechanical properties among the numerous analysed patterns. Thus, it was concluded that transverse-longitudinal shear characteristics and yarn cross-sectional stiffness have the greatest influence on compressed textiles. In parametric analysis, the impact of geometric parameters on strain energy, artificial strain energy, displacement, and contact pressure – such as yarn width, yarn spacing, and fabric thickness was thoroughly investigated and discussed in detail. The current model can accurately mimic a textile fabric with various weaving patterns, material properties, and stress conditions.
Intelligent segmentation and quantification of tunnel lining cracks via computer vision
Authors: Feng Yong , Zhang Xiao-Lei , Feng Shi-Jin , Zhang Wei , Hu Kan , Da Yue-Wu
Published: July 2024

Aiming to automatically, precisely, and rapidly detect tunnel lining cracks from images and extract geometric information for structural condition assessment, this study proposes a novel tunnel lining crack segmentation network (TCSegNet) and establishes a framework for calculating key geometric parameters of cracks. A tunnel lining crack segmentation dataset is first built by conducting on-site inspections of metro tunnels and collecting open-sourced tunnel images. Afterward, the TCSegNet, conforming to the encoder–decoder architectural paradigm, is designed to separate cracks from lining images pixel-to-pixel. An improved ConvNeXt and developed efficient atrous spatial pyramid pooling module constitute the encoder. The skip connections, upsampling modules, and tailored segmentation head form the decoder. Upon the segmentation results of TCSegNet, a computing framework integrating multiple digital image processing techniques is proposed to obtain the length, average width, and maximum width of cracks. The experimental results show that the TCSegNet achieves leading results among several dominant models, with 70.78% mean intersection over union (mIoU) and 57.43% F1score. Furthermore, the TCSegNet has 32.01 million parameters, requires 55.13 billion floating point operations, and gets 107.28 frames per second, proving that it has low time and space complexities and implements real-time segmentation. Also, the rationality and effectiveness of TCSegNet in alleviating the crack disjoint problem and preserving crack edge details are verified through comparative experiments. In addition, the TCSegNet achieves 71.99%, 70.45%, and 70.23% mIoU in high-resolution image segmentation, robustness, and generalization tests, respectively, demonstrating that it is competent for detecting high-resolution lining images, has a solid resistance to illumination variations, and can be well generalized to other tunnel lining image datasets. Finally, the applicability of the crack quantification framework is validated by practical application examples. The developed approaches in this study provide pixel-level segmentation results and detailed measurements of concrete lining cracks to assess tunnel structural safety status.
LGBTQ+ Faculty Members' Perceptions of Diversity Policies and Practices in Higher Education
Authors: Mauldin Sage A.
Published: July 2024

Problem

The career development and professional growth of LGBTQ+ faculty members in higher education is an under researched topic in the field of human resource development (HRD); particularly as it relates to ways that exclusionary diversity policies and practices can hinder well-being and perpetuate marginalization of this group. While current diversity policies and practices in higher education acknowledge and address race and ethnicity, gender identity and sexuality have tended to receive far less attention. This issue is particularly problematic within the HRD career development paradigm. The reinforcement of cisheteronormativity leads to feelings of marginalization and exclusion among LGBTQ+ faculty members, highlighting systemic barriers that hinder their professional growth.

Solution

The purpose of this study was to explore six LGBTQ+ faculty members’ perceptions of diversity policies and practices at their respective institutions, investigating how the language and implementation of them contribute to a sense of marginalization and exclusion. The role of critical human resource development (CHRD) in challenging the social injustices emanating from exclusionary diversity policies and practices is discussed. Implications for positive career development outcomes from implementing and enforcing inclusive diversity policies and practices are highlighted.

Stakeholders

The stakeholders are higher education institutions (HEIs), human resource development (HRD) practitioners who may work with them, and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) executives.
Invited Review: Collecting Data through Dyadic Interviews: A Systematic Review
Authors: Morgan David L.
Published: July 2024

This article reports on a systematic review of journal articles that used dyadic interviews, also known as paired or joint interviews. The two basic formats for these interviews involve either interviewing participants separately or together, plus the additional possibility of using both formats in the same study. A search using the Social Science Citations Index yielded 471 articles that reported on such interviews. Of these articles, 38% reported interviewing the dyad members separately, 55% reported interviewing them together, and 7% used both formats. Over 40% reported on interviews of married couples or equivalents, and an additional 30% of the interviews involved other pairs of family members. Less common pairings involved coworkers, patients and providers, or friends. These results indicate an almost unanimous use of dyadic interviews based on pre-existing relationships and family members in particular, with only limited use as a broader interviewing method.
Single Access and X-Over Reversed Iliac Extension Technique in a PAD Patient Needing Complex Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Nana Petroula , Kölbel Tilo , Panuccio Giuseppe , Torrealba José I. , Rohlffs Fiona
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

To describe the X-over reversed iliac extension technique in a patient with severe peripheral arterial disease (PAD) scheduled for inner branched endovascular aortic repair (iBEVAR).

Technique:

A multimorbid 62-year-old male patient was planned for iBEVAR due to a 58 mm suprarenal aortic aneurysm. The patient had a previous right femoropopliteal bypass and stenting of the left iliac axis. At admission, he presented with recent onset severe left limb claudication, which was attributed to left iliac stent occlusion. To avoid the postoperative compression of the right common femoral artery (CFA) and preserve the patency of the bypass, a single left CFA access, followed by left iliac artery recanalization, was decided. The right iliac axis was catheterized with a Lunderquist wire using X-over access from the left CFA. An iliac extension (ZISL, 24–59, Cook Medical, Bloomington, USA) was reversed and resheathed on back-table and implanted in the right common iliac artery using the X-over technique. The left CFA access was used to complete the remaining steps of the procedure. The predischarge computed tomography angiography confirmed bilateral iliac artery and femoropopliteal bypass patency.

Conclusion:

The X-over reversed iliac extension technique may be applied in selected PAD patients, when undergoing complex endovascular aortic repair.

Clinical Impact

As the number of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is expected to increase the upcoming decades, out of the box solutions may be needed to assist complex endovascular aortic management. The X over technique, which consist of the contralateral advancement of an on-table reversed iliac limb, was successfully applied in a patient with severe PAD and numerous previous peripheral interventions, who was managed with branched endovascular aortic repair . The X Over technique may provide an additional alternative in well-selected patients with demanding vascular access undergoing complex endovascular aortic procedures.
What Is Important to Measure in Sentence-Level Language Comprehension?
Authors: Sarmiento Cherish M. , Truckenmiller Adrea J.
Published: July 2024

Educators and researchers have been interested in supporting sentence-level language comprehension for struggling readers, but it has been challenging to research. To investigate the properties of sentences that might be useful targets for future research in instruction and assessment, we coded several features of the items in a computer-adaptive scale of sentence comprehension. The Syntactic Knowledge Task is designed for students in Grades 3–10. We then explored how the features of the sentences were related to the item’s difficulty value to determine which aspects of sentence-level language made sentences more and less challenging for students across a range of development. We found that genre, words that represent a logical connection, number of idea units, long words, and words on the Academic Word List were significantly associated with item difficulty. Implications for understanding students’ sentence-level language development are discussed.
Closed-Loop Infraslow Brain–Computer Interface can Modulate Cortical Activity and Connectivity in Individuals With Chronic Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Mathew Jerin , Adhia Divya Bharatkumar , Smith Mark Llewellyn , De Ridder Dirk , Mani Ramakrishnan
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Chronic pain is a percept due to an imbalance in the activity between sensory-discriminative, motivational-affective, and descending pain-inhibitory brain regions. Evidence suggests that electroencephalography (EEG) infraslow fluctuation neurofeedback (ISF-NF) training can improve clinical outcomes. It is unknown whether such training can induce EEG activity and functional connectivity (FC) changes. A secondary data analysis of a feasibility clinical trial was conducted to determine whether EEG ISF-NF training can significantly alter EEG activity and FC between the targeted cortical regions in people with chronic painful knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. A parallel, two-arm, double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial was conducted. People with chronic knee pain associated with OA were randomized to receive sham NF training or source-localized ratio ISF-NF training protocol to down-train ISF bands at the somatosensory (SSC), dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC), and uptrain pregenual anterior cingulate cortices (pgACC). Resting state EEG was recorded at baseline and immediate post-training. Results. The source localization mapping demonstrated a reduction ( P = .04) in the ISF band activity at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LdlPFC) in the active NF group. Region of interest analysis yielded significant differences for ISF ( P = .008), slow ( P = .007), beta ( P = .043), and gamma ( P = .012) band activities at LdlPFC, dACC, and bilateral SSC. The FC between pgACC and left SSC in the delta band was negatively correlated with pain bothersomeness in the ISF-NF group. Conclusion. The EEG ISF-NF training can modulate EEG activity and connectivity in individuals with chronic painful knee osteoarthritis, and the observed EEG changes correlate with clinical pain measures.
Safe-Guarding Youth from Online Sexual Exploitation in the Digital Era: A Role for Primary Care
Authors: Zeyzus Johns Bree A. , Casola Allison R. , Rea Olivia , Skolnik Neil , Fidler Susan K.
Published: July 2024

Online child sexual exploitation refers to the use of technology to sexually exploit or harm a person under age 18. In 2020, over 21.7 million reports of online child sexual enticement were filed with law enforcement, highlighting the alarming prevalence of this form of exploitation. This phenomenon has become increasingly prevalent in recent years due increased household internet access to the internet, the increased use of smartphones among children and teens, and the rapid expansion of new technological platforms such as live-streaming and gaming. Despite its risk and prevalence, this form of sexual abuse against children is largely underrepresented in the medical literature, with no formal screening or reporting guidelines for primary care physicians. This paper aims to define online child sexual exploitation, explore its health impacts, identify associated risk factors, and emphasize the pivotal role of primary care physicians in screening and counseling youth. By shedding light on this issue, we strive to address the critical need for safe-guarding the well-being of children and adolescents in an increasingly digital age.
Observing Neurodiversity, Observing Methodology: Ethnography in Pandemic Times
Authors: Gibson Margaret F. , livingstone bridget , Monroe Hannah , Leo Sarah , Gruson-Wood Julia , Crockford Paula
Published: July 2024

Ethnographic researchers have long relied upon observation as a powerful means to learn about social relations. This paper discusses research observation that was conducted as a part of an institutional ethnography (IE) investigating how people use the language and ideas of neurodiversity across different settings. While our research protocol initially called for ethnographic observation to take place at in-person events in Southern Ontario, our approach needed to be re-formulated with the switch to online events during the COVID-19 pandemic. After the shift to online-only spaces, a total of 52 sessions at 7 online events related to neurodiversity or autism were observed by a team of 5 researchers: these events were no longer geographically restricted but were officially “hosted” by institutions in Canada, the US, and the UK. This paper reflects upon the challenges and opportunities we encountered as we conducted observations in digital spaces, including our experiences of navigating the “chat” feature. We discuss the need to analyze the format as well as the content of online events, and present findings on how neurodiversity appeared in these social spaces. Finally, we consider the implications of this research for people who are conducting ethnographic observation in an increasingly online world.
Bayesian neural networks for uncertainty quantification in remaining useful life prediction of systems with sensor monitoring
Authors: Ochella Sunday , Dinmohammadi Fateme , Shafiee Mahmood
Published: July 2024

Many machine learning (ML) algorithms have been developed over the past two decades for prognostics and health management (PHM) of complex engineering systems. However, most of the existing algorithms tend to produce point estimates of a variable of interest, for example the equipment’s remaining useful life (RUL). The point estimation of the RUL often neglects the uncertainty inherent in model parameters and/or the uncertainty associated with data inputs. Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) have shown a lot of promise in obtaining credible intervals for model parameters, thus accounting for the uncertainties inherent in both the model and data. This paper proposes a deep BNN model with the Monte Carlo (MC) dropout method to predict the RUL of engineering systems equipped with sensors and monitoring instruments. The model is tested on NASA’s Turbofan Engine Degradation Simulation Dataset and the results are discussed and analyzed. It is revealed that the method can produce highly accurate predictions for RUL distribution parameters in safety critical components.
Rehabilitation robot joint performance evaluation of a zero-spin traction drive with non-Newtonian fluid considered
Authors: Shuaidong Zou , Guanghui Xie , Renqiang Yang , Jingming Hou , Fanwei Sun
Published: July 2024

In this study, a zero-spin cone-roller traction drive (CRTD) is presented for the joints transmission system in rehabilitation robots due to its high transmission performance and characteristics of overload protection. It can achieve safe interactions among humans, rehabilitation robots, and the environment, making it a potential substitute for traditional gear-based transmission systems. The performance of CRTD, especially efficiency, is studied in this paper based on an elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model with the considerations of the non-Newtonian effect. The results demonstrate that the overall efficiency differs in different stages, reaching a maximum value of 95%. The overload protection activates when there is a sharp drop in efficiency, and the overload threshold can be identified by the efficiency, which may provide guidance for operation and optimization.
Compassion fatigue and loneliness at work in nurses – the mediating role of resilience: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kiratli Didem , Duran Songul
Published: July 2024

Background:

Heavy workload, job stress and lack of colleague support can lead to loneliness and burnout in nurses. Caring for a patient with constant pain can cause compassion fatigue. Loneliness at work and compassion fatigue also negatively affect the quality of patient care.

Aim:

This study aims to determine the effect of resilience on loneliness at work and compassion fatigue in nurses.

Method:

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was conducted with a total of 214 nurses.

Results:

A statistically significant negative relationship was found between the level of loneliness at work and resilience, and between resilience and compassion fatigue in nurses. The mediating role of resilience was found to be significant in the effect of loneliness at work on compassion fatigue in nurses.

Conclusions:

The results of this study suggest empowering nurses who have loneliness at work and compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue is seen as occupational deformation. Nurses need to learn how to manage compassion fatigue, develop coping skills and receive support to ensure job satisfaction. In addition, nurse managers should create a reasonable workload for nurses. These efforts can increase the job satisfaction and patient care quality of nursing departments.
A cog in a wheel? Journalism under pressure during coups d’état in Burkina Faso
Authors: Fierens Marie , Heywood Emma , Yaméogo Lassané
Published: July 2024

This article explores how the (attempted) coups and popular uprising that occurred in Burkina Faso between October 2014 and January 2022 have impacted the professional boundaries of journalism. These events are considered crucial in understanding the complex and ongoing interactions between political actors and the media, and contribute to a better understanding of the broader reality of journalism’s boundary-making process across Africa. Drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted with journalists, editors and journalism teachers in Ouagadougou in 2022, this article investigates the roles that private and public media journalists aimed to play in these extreme conditions and how their reactions reflect the constantly evolving nature of the journalistic profession.
A fragile narrative: Transformations and consistency in the Russian representation of the war in Ukraine
Authors: Mamedov Intigam
Published: July 2024

In February 2022, Russia began a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The relevant narrative articulated by Vladimir Putin presented it as a short-term mission of military professionals. However, as the war continued, the situation at the front required complicated decisions that the initial narrative was not able to cover. This article analyses the core transformations of the Russian narrative on the war in Ukraine. Appealing to the strategic narrative concept, this article suggests a framework for assessing the narrative’s viability. The author reveals that, although the current modified narrative is not able to provide a clear and coherent explanation corresponding to people’s lived experiences, it is still effective due to the following reasons. First, it is built on and perceived within an intuitively familiar discursive landscape that has been promoted for decades. Second, the external prerequisites of the viability, such as the scale of its articulation through propaganda or existing opportunities to perceive alternative narratives, remain strong. Thus, it is likely that most of the rational argumentation in the narrative will be further replaced by its sacralization, and the information isolation will be continuously reinforced.
Effect of weight on dynamic ropes’ responses in indoor climbing
Authors: Nikonov Anatolij , Nagode Marko , Klemenc Jernej , Emri Igor
Published: July 2024

The experimental-numerical-analytical methodology, based on a simple non-standard falling weight experiment, was used to investigate the influence of weight on climbing ropes’ response. Analysis of the impact force, deformation of rope, dissipated and retrieved energy, and maximum deceleration showed that the weight of the climber significantly affects all the examined physical quantities and, consequently, climbers’ safety. Smaller falling mass generates smaller maximum force, dissipates less energy, and generates smaller retrieved energy that propels climbers in the opposite vertical direction. However, maximum deceleration, considered to be one of the most important safety indicators, exhibits non-monotonic dependence on weight. In indoor climbing, these results might aid instructors in introducing measures to help in the traceability of the use of ropes regarding climbers’ weight.