bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1195 – Psychiatry In Russia Today. Social Dimension
Authors: Neznanov N.G. , Vasilyeva A.V.
Published: July 2013

Mental health is the fundamentals of intellectual, creative, productive and defense capability of the nation. According to the Russian health ministry evaluation about 15-20% of population need mental health care services and only about 5-5.5% really get it.

Psychiatry today can be defined as stigmatized, suffering from social and professional isolation medical discipline. We have to take it seriously the strong influence of psychiatric mythology, stigmatization and self-stigmatization are the other parts of social and social-psychiatric reality, defining the patient decision to cooperate with psychiatrists. The survey made by Russian Psychiatric Association revealed that majority of professionals as well as mental health care consumers are not satisfied with mental health care system in Russia today.

Reorganization of social consciousness is one of the main challenges for psychiatry today. The following steps have to be done. Rebuilding of the mental health care system on the voluntary principle, with legislative definition of the involuntary hospitalization in the patient interests. Systematic educative work is necessary. The discrepancy between the defined by mythology expectations and psychiatric reality has to be overcome in the work with patients and their relatives.

Mandatory is not only radical restricting of the mental hospital functioning, but also development of various with differentiated services outpatient mental health care facilities, including the organization of the so-called outer dispensaries mental health services in general medicine institutions. It is necessary to develop and widen psychotherapeutic and social services, providing the mental health services at the different stages of patient treatment and observation.
1197 – Social-psychological Differences Between Men And Women Greek Doctors
Authors: Hatzoglou C. , Gourgoulianis K. , Pappas P. , Kotrotsiou E. , Gouva M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Many studies have concluded that doctors -irrelevant of their specialties- have higher levels of hostility and psychological problems compared to these observed in the general population.

Objectives

The investigation of psychological characteristics of Greek male and female resident doctors.

Aims

To demonstrate the high hostility rates among physicians.

Materials and methods

102 Greek resident doctors in the field of Internal Medicine, 45 male and 57 female, participated in the present study. The scientific tools used were: a) the Other As Shamer Scale (OAS), b) the Experience of Shame Scale (ESS), c) the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ), d) The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), e) a questionnaire concerning socio-demographic information.

Results

The 52% of the sample(73,3% of male and 33,5% of female) are single with mean age 33,9 and 34,2 correspondingly. In their comparison using the T-Test it was observed that the male resident doctors showed a statistically higher mean value in the subscales of: behavioral shame (P=0,045), criticism of others (P=0,031), extrapunitiveness (P=0,048). No other significant differences were demonstrated between the two groups.

Conclusion

There were not demonstrated significant differences between male and female doctors. Both male as well as female resident doctors of the sample showed high levels of hostility, a result that is supported by many other international studies. Concerning the socio-demographic results of the study it must be stressed that the medical doctors used in the sample are married at a higher age compared to the general Greek population of their coevals.
1199 – What Do We Know About The Father Of Patients With Anorexia Nervosa Or Bulimia?
Authors: Garcia C. , Seidinger F.M. , Turato E.R.
Published: July 2013

Eating disorders (ED) are severe psychiatric disorders affecting mainly teenage girls and young women. There is evidence that family aspects play an important role in the etiology of ED and influence treatment outcome. Most researches in this field focus on mother, neglecting father figure. The emotional characteristics and life experiences of these men remain little studied. However, some authors have emphasized that father has an important role in emotional problems underlying ED. The objective of this study is to review the literature about life experiences, emotional, cognitive and behavioral characteristics of the father of patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia. The strategy search used the keywords “Eating Disorders,” “Father-Child Relations” and “Fathers” in the databases PubMed, Lilacs, PsycInfo, Embase and Scopus. It included studies published between 2001 and 2011 in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Studies analyzing the father indirectly, without his own manifestation, were exclude, as well as theoretical studies and researches that considered obesity as a type of ED. It reached 18 articles and only 15 used qualitative method. All articles were read and analyzed. Depression, anxiety, obsessive traits, feelings of guilt and failure were frequently reported by subjects. In 2 studies, we observed parents dissatisfied with their bodies, desiring to be thinner or muscular, without presenting body image distortion. Hostility and authoritarianism in relation to the child were also observed. Rationalization and avoidance coping strategies were the most frequent. No study focused the father through his life experiences. Therefore, this field remains poorly explored by qualitative researchers.
1206 – Degree Of Alcohol Intoxication On The Abnormal Offenders
Authors: Janjic V. , Radmanovic B. , Jovanovic M. , Ravanic D. , Mihajlovic G. , Djukic Dejanovic S.
Published: July 2013

The aim of the study was association between degree of alcohol intoxication and abnormal offenders convicted for the criminal acts. Used sources were courd and medical records, which team exploited while preparing the reports for the County court in Kragujevac, and for the Municipal Courts in the Sumadija region. Analyse is consitsted from two different periods. First is from January 1999 till January 2002. and 72 convicted persons are included. Second period is ten years later, from January 2009 till January 2012. and 58 persons are included.

Indictments were for the following criminal acts: mischief, robbery, rape, sexual abuse, intention of murder but without deliberation and murder. Following the degrees of the alcohol as cause of depression of the brain and inhibitory mechanisams, influenced differently on the convicted criminals (p= 0.001). According to the results of the study less degree of the alcohol is most frequent and most dangerous facilitating factor of the criminal acts. There is statistically significant difference between two periods for the different criminal acts connected with degree of alcohol intoxication (p< 0.05).

We can conclude that alcohol influence differently on the convicted criminals and different criminal acts depent from degree of alcohol intoxication.
1208 – Patients Receiving Corticosteroid Therapy: The Adherence To Treatment And Effect On Mood And Psychology
Authors: Mouna A. , Ghanem M.
Published: July 2013

Materials and methods

This descriptive study was held in the department of Internal Medicine in Hedi Chaker Hospital, (Sfax-Tunisia), during 04 months (From July to October 2012). We have included 50 patients, having corticosteroids with a dose equal or greater than 10 mg of prednisone per day for a period exceeding one month. We used in this study, the HAD scale for anxiety-depression, the SF-36 to investigate the quality of life of these patients, the ANGST score of hypomania and the Morisky score to investigate the adherence to treatments (Corticosteroids).

Results

The average age was 43.43 + / -16.11 years. The age of discovery of the disease was 38.24 + / -14.28 years. An average score of anxiety was 10.6 + / -3.89. The mean score of depression was 8.75 + / -4.035. An average score of hypomania was 8.43 + / -4.025. We noted that 53.7% of patients belong to level 3 of anxiety, and 40.56% have some level depression by the HAD score.

Psychiatric complications were noted in 58.5% of patient with a major depressive state in 12.2%. Patients reported sleep disturbances in 24% with behavioral problems in 9.6% of cases.

The average score of SF36 was 56.55 + / -15.21, and 74% of patients had distorted quality of life, mainly affecting health psychic (92.54%), limitation due to mental state (95.75%).

Conclusion

Our results suggest the interest of a psychiatric examination before the introduction of corticosteroids, in order to detect patients requiring special supervision.
1218 – The Link Between Creativity And Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Gomes S. , Lima Peixoto M. , Campos O.
Published: July 2013

Artists are valued for their ability to capture, express and engender states of intense emotion. Regular experience and sharing of intense emotions may challenge a preexisting mood regulation vulnerability.

A series of studies have revealed particularly strong associations between mood disorders, especially bipolar disorder, and creativity. Specifically, recent findings demonstrate that bipolar disorder patients and highly creative individuals have certain personality/ temperamental commonalities, which in turn may predispose them to increased creativity.

The aim of this review is to reflect and discuss, based on a revision of the scientific literature, this apparent association between creativity and bipolar disorder.
1223 – Executive Functions, Visuoconstructive Ability And Memory In Institutionalized Elderly
Authors: Moitinho S. , Marques M. , Espírito Santo H. , Vigário V. , Almeida R. , Matreno J. , Alves V. , Nascimento T. , Costa M. , Tomaz M. , Caldas L. , Ferreira L. , Simões S. , Guadalupe S. , Lemos L. , Daniel F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Executive functions (EF) are associated to frontal lobes and cognitive decline (CD) with worse results on EF tests.

Objectives/aims

Analyze if the Frontal Assessment Battery/FAB assessing EF discriminates elders with CD (vs. with no CD; Montreal Cognitive Assessment/MoCA), and if the results obtained with the Rey Osterreith Complex Figure Test/ROCF (copy's quality, immediate, and delayed memory) are associated with the CD presence/absence. Moreover, we wanted to assess if copy's quality and 3 minutes memory test are associated with FAB results, since these two tests are supposedly associated with EF and with frontal lobes assessed by the FAB, contrarily to the 20 minutes memory (supposedly related to the temporal area).

Methodology

556 institutionalized elders (age: M ± SD =80.2 ± 5.23; range=60-100) filled in voluntarily a sociodemographic questionnaire, ROCF, MoCA and FAB.

Results

FAB and all ROCF tests were associated with the absence/presence of CD. Regarding variables stratified by age and education, FAB was associated with immediate memory but not with copy's quality nor with delayed memory. With no stratified ROCF and FAB, correlations confirmed the previous associations, but also between FAB and copy's quality.

Conclusions

Results follow the literature regarding the association between immediate memory and EF (associated to frontal lobes), in contrast to the long-term memory which is associated with the temporal area and that was not associated with FAB. Results concerning copy's quality (ROCF) are not consensual.
1232 – Psychoeducation For Patients With Bipolar Affective Disorder
Authors: Prasko J. , Latalova K. , Cerna M. , Grambal A. , Jelenova D. , Kamaradova D. , Ociskova M. , Sedlackova Z. , Vrbova K. , Vyskocilova J.
Published: July 2013

Structured psychological interventions should be considered for patients with bipolar disorder once they are past the acute phase or a relapse, with the aim of reducing the likelihood of future relapses.

Method

The PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for articles containing the following keywords: “bipolar disorder” and “psychoeducation”. The resources were confronted with our own experiences with psychoeducation in bipolar patients and only most relevant information was included in the text.

Results

The most important target of the psychoeducation is to prevent a relapse by increasing compliance with medication usage, increasing social rhythms, reducing emotional expressivity in the family and increasing coping skills against stress. Studies on psychoeducation in bipolar disorder demonstrate significant effects on rehospitalization rates, compliance and knowledge. Compared with mood stabilizer treatment alone, combination treatment of CBT and mood stabilizers has been shown to reduce the number of bipolar episodes, reduce the duration of episodes that do occur, and reduce the number of hospital admissions due to episodes. The aim of the group psychoeducational program of the Psychiatric clinic in Olomouc is to familiarize patients with the essence of bipolar disorder, the part and principles of pharmacotherapy, the recognition of the warning signs of relapse, to advice about improper and stressful stereotypes in communication within families, and finally the training of social skills. Patients consider this program as a meaningful and helping them to better understanding what happened in their life. Supported by grant IGA MZ CR NT 11047-4/2010.
1237 – Social Adaptation And Adherence In Patientes With Schizophrenia -the Role Of Long -acting Antipsychotic
Authors: Kecojevic Miljevic S. , Miljevic C. , Stojiljkovic D.
Published: July 2013

Achivment of remission and patientes recover through improvment of social adaptation are the major goals in schizophrenia tretman, but long an offen hardly realisated.A major factor contributing effective tretman of shizophrenia and improvment of social fuction and adaptation is adherence wich including compliance, aliance and konkordance as ekvivalents of high - colaborativ therapeutic relationship patient-doctor.Studies found that both patients and clinicians overstimate compliance, and on the other side found significant lower relapse rate in patientes treaten with depot long acting atipical antipsychotic comparable with patientes treten with oral forma of the same antipsychotic.

The objective of this paper is examination quality and level of psychosocial function and adaptation oin patients with shizophrenia treted with long acting depot atipical antipsychotic in comparation with the same equvivalents in population of patientes with schizophrenia treted with oral compound of the same antipsyhotic.We compare also resultates with others demografic and for tretman relevant data as:number hospitalisations,partial or in hospital, patients and family edukation, involving in outhospital assssociations of patientes with mental health problems, etc.

In metodology we use list of demografic data, CGI, SASS and MARS.
1248 – Characteristic Of Suicide Attempts And Non-suicidal Self-injurious Behaviors In Adolescent Girls Diagnosed With Conduct Disorder
Authors: Szewczuk-Boguslawska M. , Kaczmarek M. , Flisiak-Antonijczuk H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The rate of non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors (NSIB) is reported to be between 12–35% of adolescents. The previous studies revealed that around 9% of adolescents admitted to attempting suicide.

Objective

The aim of the study was to determine the lifetime incidence of suicidal ideations, suicide attempts (SA) and NSIB in girls diagnosed with Conduct Disorders (CD) who were educated and treated in Youth Sociotherapy Center (YSC).

Methods

42 girls aged 13–18 years suffered from CD participated in the study. All participants were residents of YCS due to previous educational and behavioral problems or juvenile delinquency. Based on psychiatric and psychological examination, medical and psychiatric history, the lifetime incidence of suicidal thoughts, SA and NSIB were estimated. The age of onset of symptoms and behaviors was also assessed as well as numbers of SA and NSIB.

Results

Among the studied group 20 (47.6%) girls confirmed the occurrence of suicidal ideations, 9 (21.4%) patients SA and 26 (61.9%) NSBI during their lifetime. The median age of onset of both SIB and SA was 13 years. Median numbers of SA and NSIB was 4.4 and 12 respectively.

Conclusions

Adolescent girls suffered from CD are at high risk of early onset and recurrence of suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors.
1256 – Suicide Seasonality In Relation To Sunlight Duration And Serotonergic Medication
Authors: Makris G.D. , Reutfors J. , Ösby U. , Isacsson G. , Frangakis C. , Ekbom A. , Papadopoulos F.C.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Suicide seasonality with a peak incidence in spring or early summer has been consistently reported. Although a quite robust finding this spring peak of suicides is poorly understood. The effect of climate parameters such as sunlight, temperature, humidity etc. on hormones and neurotransmitters such as serotonin has been hypothesized to explain the seasonal variation in suicide.

Objective

To examine the amplitude of suicide seasonality in relation to sunlight duration and serotonergic medication.

Methods

By using Swedish Registers we gathered information including forensic data on antidepressive medication for 11,845 suicides during 1992 to 2003. Moreover, data for sunlight duration for the same period for all Swedish counties was obtained from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. The presence of suicide seasonality was estimated with a Poisson regression variant, in three groups, as defined by tertiles of sunlight duration.

Results

In regions with low sunlight duration no statistically significant seasonality pattern was found for men independently of medication. In regions with middle or high sunlight duration an increased amplitude of seasonality was observed among men treated with SSRIs in a dose dependent pattern. Such a pattern was not observed among suicide victims on other antidepressant medication or those without an antidepressant. Women on the other hand showed a seasonal variation in suicide only in regions with low sunlight duration.

Conclusions

Suicide seasonality amplitude increases with higher sunlight duration especially in men treated with SSRIs. In women, the highest suicide seasonality was observed in regions with the lowest sunshine duration.
1263 – Internet Based Psychoeducative Cbt Program For Bipolar Patients Treated With Thymostabilisers
Authors: Prasko J. , Latalova K. , Cerna M. , Grambal A. , Jelenova D. , Kamaradova D. , Mainerova B. , Vrbova K. , Ociskova M. , Sedlackova Z.
Published: July 2013

Objective

Internet-based therapy typically involves the interaction between a consumer and therapist via the Internet and incorporates the use of a structured Web-based treatment program for consumers to access in conjunction with therapist assistance (usually by email. Over the past decade, Internet-based treatments have been found effective for a variety of physical health conditions and mental health disorders, such as headache, encopresis, tinnitus, depression, panic disorder, social phobia, GAD and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Aims

The purpose of this open study will be to test the efficacy of therapist-assisted internet 12 module 4 month long selfhelp program based on cognitive behavioral approach (IB-CBT) with the treatment as usual (TAU) for bipolar affective disorder patients who are medicated with thymostabilisers.

Method

Participants who recruit from the patients of the Psychiatric clinic Olomouc at time of start the maintenance pharmacological phase of the treatment of bipolar affective disorder will be randomized to the TAU (treatment as usual) and IB-CBT (12 modules of internet based CBT+ TAU). All participants will complete a clinical diagnostic interview, and a set of questionnaires to assess affective symptoms at four time periods (start of the maintenance treatment period and at follow up: 6 month, 12 month and 24 month. The study will be done in open conditions.

Results

The results from the start of the maintenance treatment period will be present.
1266 – The Role Of Media In Shaping Sexual Disorders In Youth
Authors: Kibrik N. , Butkova T.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The existence of age-normal are causes the special features of sexual dysfunction. At a young age (18-30 years) is characterized by the development and formation of the sexual function. It is for this age period is characterized by the influence of media on the psycho-emotional state - admass, and as a consequence, the development of psychogenic sexual dysfunctions. Propaganda regular and undying of male strength is cause the formation of personality conflict.

Methods

35 patients were examined in this age range. Analysis of the data revealed that most patients were observed ejaculation disorder, (which was associated with increased sexual arousal) and erectile dysfunction, due to a number of reasons (personal characteristics, the nature of psychological trauma).

Results

At a young age, there is an active search for a regular sexual partner. Unsuccessful attempts to prove their sexual viability leads to the formation of non-adaptive systems of personality that was the cause of sexual dysfunction. Is aggravated sexual dysfunction picture of perfectionism. The emergence of sexual dysfunction was also due to misconceptions about the norm of sexual activity. Thus formed resistant obsessive fear of impotence. Patients in this group rarely share their problems in sexual life with a partner, because they fear for their dignity and fear seem weak, vulnerable.

Conclusions

The development of sexual dysfunction is largely determined by personality traits of the individual. Thus, in patients aged under 30 years at the base of sexual disorders lying psychogenic factor. The degree of which depends on the personality characteristics.
1273 – Addictive Behaviour In An Acute Mental Health Unit (granada, Southern Spain)
Authors: Galiano S. , Soler A. , Muñoz J.E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

From last March 2011 until now we have implemented in our Acute Mental Health Unit the Law 42/30-12-2010. This law regulates the existence of free-smoke places.

Methods

We have collected the data of the smokers patients that began the process of detoxification. We evaluated their level of dependence (Fargestrom's test), their motivation to smoke and the abstinence syndrome intensity. At three months of their hospital discharge we measured the abstinence from smoking in these patients.

Results

A total of 31 patients were assessed, 22 out of them were treated with patches of nicotine (14 men, 8 women) age range 18 -57 years; 9 out of 31 smokers patients did not use substitutive treatment (6 men, 3 women) age range 22 - 48 years.

At three months, only 2 patients kept the tobacco abstinence (6.4%) and another patient more had reduced the consumption approximately to the half. Six month later only one of them kept abstinent.

Conclusions

We understand the necessary promotion and the prevention of the physical health in our patients, avoiding the consumption of toxic substances as far as possible. It is crucial to improve the efficacy of the interventions aimed at to quit tobacco consumption.

However, the abandon of an addiction should have a fundamentally voluntary character. The addictions in our patients are chronic and recurrent, and they should be approached from a longitudinal perspective including in its treatment plan.
1274 – Factors Affecting Activity Of Health Care Seeking Behavior In Patients Suffering From Affective And Neurotic, Stress-related And Somatoform Disorders
Authors: Malygin Y. , Tsygankov B. , Malygin V.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Patients suffering from psychic disorders are characterized with postponed health-seeking. The aim of this study was to find out factors affecting the activity of health care seeking behavior (HCSB).

Material

44 inpatients took part the study. Most of them were male (81%). Mean age was 39,0±12,3. Among patients 32% suffered from affective disorders, 68% - from neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders. Patients were divided into 2 groups with active - aHCSB (n= 32) and passive - pHCSB (n= 12).

Methods

Semi-structured were used to find out the anamnestic information. Coping-strategies (Lazarus) test, personality test and attitude towards disease test were used.

Results

In aHCSB group the rate of married patients or patients having non-official relations was higher than in pHCSB group. Contact with psychiatrist prior to current episode of disease predicted aHCSB. Anxiety towards symptoms of disease resulted aHCSB. In aHCSB group neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders were more common and affective disorders, apathy and asthenia were less common than in pHCSB group. Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety was higher in aHCSB, while presence of agoraphobia resulted pHCSB. Higher degree of coping strategies (seeking of social support and planning of problem-solving) was present in aHCSB compared with pHCSB group. Patients from aHCSB group had higher exalted personality traits. Sensitive type of attitude towards disease was more common in pHCSB than aHCSB group.

Conclusions

Health care seeking behavior is affected with complex of factors. Knowledge of these factors can be used in prevention of passive health care seeking behavior.
1283 – Social Motor Coordinations: a Study With Schizophrenia And Social Phobic Patients
Authors: Capdevielle D. , Salesse R. , Del-Monte J. , Varlet M. , Marin L. , Boulenger J.-P. , Smith R. , Bardy B. , Raffard S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Social interactions dysfunctions make up core symptoms of many mental disorders and have been extensively studied through cognitive paradigms gathered under the concept of social cognition. Nevertheless, a growing body of literature have demonstrated that motor coordination is an important feature of these human social interactions but has been little studied in the context of mental diseases.

Objective

In this study, we propose to compare the processes of inter-agent coordination in healthy and socially impaired clinical populations (e.g. schizophrenia and social phobia patients).

Method

20 schizophrenia and 20 social phobia patients were compared to 20 healthy subjects using an hand-held pendulum paradigm in intentional and unintentional interpersonal motor coordination, with different leadership conditions. All participants had psychopathological and neuropsychological evaluations.

Results

Our results demonstrated that each group of subject was characterised by specific signature concerning interpersonal motor coordination. More specifically, instability of the coordination and temporal delay between patient and controls revealed that schizophrenia impaired intentional coordination but not spontaneous non-intentional coordination whereas social phobia only affected leader conditions.

Conclusion

Taken altogether, these preliminary results give evidence that motor control through motor coordination behaviours is a fundamental part of social interactions deficits in schizophrenia and social phobia. These results lead us to examine if the evaluation of motor coordination during a social interactions could help to discriminate the deficits in social interactions and to propose specific therapy for their rehabilitation.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by an Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant (Project SCAD # ANR-09- BLAN-0405-03).
1290 – Relashionship Between Therapeutic Modalities And Treatment Compliance In Schizophrenia
Authors: Zouari O. , Zalila H. , Arfaoui S. , Boussetta A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Although effective treatment for schizophrenia is available, patient's compliance with treatment prescriptions is notoriously poor. Factors influencing compliance were identified: factors linked to patients, factors depending on the therapeutic relation the clinician and factors due to medications.

Objective

To study the relationship between treatment techniques and medication compliance in schizophrenia.

Method

A cross-sectional study of patients with schizophrenia and their parents followed as outpatients in the department of psychiatry D in Razi hospital.

Results

95 patients was recruited punctually. 84 patients (88.5%) were receiving long-acting neuroleptic. Just under half patients (48%) were compliant with their treatment. Almost all observing patients (91%) were receiving long-acting neuroleptic. The average dose of NLP prescribed in patients observing is slightly lower than that of not observed. The number of daily doses of treatment also appeared to influence the adherence behavior. The correlation between adverse events and compliance was statistically significant (p = 0.032).

Conclusion

The management of schizophrenia could be greatly improved by considering the medication related factors leading to non compliance. Medication prescription complexity is important to take under consideration. However, strategies for the improvement of compliance must also take into consideration other factors such us patient-related and interactional factors.
1294 – Assessment Of Professional Stress Among Nurses At The General Hospital Of Sousse In Tunisia
Authors: Nakhli J. , Maraoui A. , Bouhlel S. , Ben Nasr S. , Ben Hadj Ali B.
Published: July 2013

Background

Stressed workers are more likely to be unhealthy. However relation between professional stress and anxiety and/or depressive disorders remains controversial.

Objective

The aims of this study are to assess the degree of professional stress among nurses at the general hospital and to determine correlation between stress and anxiety and/or depressive symptoms.

Methodology

70 nurses through a random draw according to the specialty had participated. Six medical departments and three surgery departments were selected from eighteen departments. We have used two self-administered questionnaires: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD).

Results

The group mean age of was 33.7 ± 9.1 years.

PSS mean score in our group was 43.2 ± 6.9 and HAD mean score was 17.4 ± 4.2.

13% of nurses had pathological stress level (PSS Score > 50). We also noted that 33% of nurses had anxiety symptoms and 44% had depressive symptoms.

No correlation was found between PSS score and HAD score and between PSS score and the two sub-scales of HAD.

Variables such as female gender (p= 0.003), conflicts with colleagues (p= 0.016) were significantly correlated with high anxiety symptoms.

For depressive symptoms, we found that nurses working in surgery department are more depressed than those in medicine department (p= 0.03).

37% of nurses had criteria of major depressive disorder.

Conclusion

13% of nurses had pathological stress level. Third of them had anxiety symptoms and less than half had depressive symptoms.
1296 – Schizophrenia And Social Support: a Comparison Between China And Singapore
Authors: Chow A. , Mellor D.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Social support enhances a person's ability to cope and adapt to his environment, and has been found to bolster emotional and physical well-being. This may be especially true in collectivist cultures like Singapore and China, where Confucian values have strong influence over the peoples' behaviours. These values impact the way the society perceives mental illness and the way sufferers are supported. Despite cultural similarities, there are important differences between China and Singapore. Singapore is a highly developed country with excellent psychiatric facilities, while China is still developing with limited psychological resources.

Aims

To understand how social support impacts on the psychosocial functioning of sufferers with schizophrenia. It sought to examine and elucidate differences between both countries so similar in culture but different in developments.

Methods

Structured questionnaires were given to two groups of subjects (Patients and caregivers). Participants were recruited from Singapore and China (Shanghai). A total sample size of 200 participants was collected from both sites. This comprised of 50 patients and 50 primary care givers in each location.

Results

Preliminary results indicated similar psychosocial functioning levels in patients with schizophrenia despite differences in means of social support. Chinese patients received more support from their families while Singaporean patients obtained support from the external environment such as mental health professionals.

Conclusions

In spite of cultural similarities, these sufferers obtained and perceived social support from different sources. More research in cultural psychology is recommended to better understand the relationship between social support and schizophrenia in Asian societies.
1302 – Characteristics Of Suicidal Attempts In Bipolar Disorder: Differences Between Subtypes 1 And 2
Authors: Moliere F. ,   Fondation Fondamental
Published: July 2013

Background

Suicidal behaviour represents a main cause of morbidity in patients with bipolar disorder. Researchers estimate that between 25% and 60% of individuals with bipolar disorder will attempt suicide at least once in their lives. Although it remains a controversial issue, several studies have found that patients with bipolar-II disorder have a higher risk of suicide attempt than those with bipolar-I.

Aim

To investigate whether bipolar II disorder has different characteristics from bipolar I disorder among suicide attempters.

Methods

311 patients suffering from bipolar disorder, hospitalized after a suicide attempt, were interviewed by semi-structured interview, suicide attempt characteristics and a wide range of personality traits relevant to suicidal vulnerability.

Results

There was no significant difference between BP-I and BP-II suicide attempters according to sociodemographic variables. BP-I and BP-II patients did not differ for intent and lethality of suicide attempt for both BP subtypes. There was no significant difference for other characteristics of suicide behavior such as number of previous attempts, age at first suicide attempt, use of violent mean. Personality traits such as impulsivity, aggression, emotional lability, and hopelessness were similar between BP-I and BP-II patients. There was no significant difference between the groups in rates of comorbid substance abuse, anxious disorder or eating disorder.

Limitations

Retrospective study, lack of information about number of previous episodes and severity of acute episode of the bipolar disorder.

Conclusion

BP-I and BP-II subtypes have similar features of suicide attempt and personality traits relevant to suicidal risk.
1307 – Clinical Predictors Of Therapeutic Response To Clozapine In a Sample Of 42 Patients With Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia
Authors: Nakhli J. , Ltaief L. , Ben Amor L. , Ben Nasr S. , Ben Hadj Ali B.
Published: July 2013

Background

Several lines of evidence suggest that Clozapine is more effective than others antipsychotic drugs in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). It would therefore be extremely valuable if predictors of response to Clozapine could be identified.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive factors of clinical responses to Clozapine in a group of patients with TRS.

Methods

We had studied 42 TRS patients (8 males and 34 females) receiving Clozapine. All patients inthis study fulfilled the criteria for refractory schizophrenia according to the UK guidelines for the for the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE).

Psychopathology was evaluated before the initiation of Clozapine therapy and after 4 weeks using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Scale for the Assessment for Positive Symptoms (SAPS), and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS).

Results

Of the TRS patients on Clozapine, 61.9% achieved a clinical response, defined as at least a 20% decrease in BPRS.

There were no correlation between gender, age, educational level and Clozapine response.

The different subtypes of schizophrenia have shown no differences in therapeutic response.

There was no correlation between response and daily doses of Clozapine (relative to dose per kg of body weight).

A good Clozapine response was more likely when schizophrenia began at a later age (p= 0.007) and when negative symptoms were severe (p= 0.009).

Conclusion

In our study 61.9% of TRS patients on Clozapine had a clinical response. Priority should be given for patients with evident negative symptom.
1308 – Pharmacological Treatment Of Adhd In Adults
Authors: Kooij J.J.S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

ADHD is a common disorder with a prevalence rate of 3-5% in children, adults and older persons. In psychiatry, addiction centers and forensic psychiatry, the prevalence of ADHD in adults is estimated higher, around 20%. After careful assessment of ADHD and comorbid disorders, ADHD in adulthood can be effectively treated with psycho-education, medication, coaching and cognitive behaviour therapy.

Objectives & aims

To give an overview of the current state-of-the-art treatment of ADHD and comorbidity in adults.

Methods

Pharmacological treatment of ADHD usually comes after treatment of more acute or severe disorders like depressive or bipolar episodes, anxiety disorders and addiction. Because of the inattention problems of ADHD patients, antidepressant medication is usually preferred above cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety or depression. Light therapy for seasonal affective disorder and melatonin treatment for the frequent delayed sleep phase syndrome are usually effective, though yet little studied. Available, but off-label medications used for ADHD in adults are stimulants (methylphenidate, dexamphetamine), atomoxetine, bupropion XL, modafinil and tricyclic antidepressants.

Results

Based on 17 years of clinical experience and on efficacy and safety data in the literature, first and other choices of medication will be discussed, as well as common dosing schedules in adults, side effects, contra-indications and combined treatment of stimulants with antidepressants, mood stabilisers and melatonin.

Conclusions

All disorders must be addressed and treated in the right order, based on severity. Treatment of ADHD in adults is not just treatment of ADHD, but of a combination of disorders that cluster in our patients.
1310 – Factors Related To Homicide In Tunisian Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Nakhli J. , Bouhlel S. , Ben Meriem H. , Ridha R. , Ben Hadj Ali B.
Published: July 2013

Background

Evaluation of variables correlated to homicide is a fundamental issue for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies to deal with such criminal behavior.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to assess the characteristics of homicide in Tunisian patients suffering from schizophrenia and to determine the correlated socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic variables.

Methods

The study included two groups of male patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia who attended the university psychiatric hospital of Tunis “Razi”. The first group was composed by 36 patients hospitalized in the forensic unit between the first January 2000 and 30 may 2012 for homicide. The second group included 50 patients without any criminal record. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic variables were analyzed and compared between the two groups.

Results

No differences were found between the two groups regarding the different socio-demographic variables. Significant differences were found with respect to a duration of untreated psychosis equal to or more than one year (p= 0.048), shorter duration of psychiatric care (p= 0.002), lower number of hospitalizations (p= 0.026), antecedent of forced hospitalization (p< 0.001), low degree of insight (p= 0.001), poor medication compliance (p< 0.001) and higher antipsychotic doses (p= 0.001).

Conclusion

Demographic variables as suggested by other studies are less valuable predictors of homicide in patients with schizophrenia. Interventions for reducing such behavior should focus on clinical variables and integrate an early diagnosis of the disease and improvement of insight as well as medication compliance.
1311 – Response Trajectories During Antidepressant Treatment Of Major Mood Disorder
Authors: Vaiva G. , Courtet P. , Saleron J. , Corruble E. , Llorca P.M. , Bayle F. , Gorwood P.
Published: July 2013

Context

A recent study by Levine and Leucht described several kinetics of treatment response among schizophrenic patients with antipsychotics. We aimed so to test this methodology in a population of depressed patients.

Method

2938 outpatients with major depressive disorder were included in a multicentre, non interventional study, assessing at inclusion, week 2 and week 6, mood (QIDS-C, CGI, PGI and VAS) and functionality (SDS). To identify homogeneous groups of patients on the evolution of QIDS criteria over time (D0, W2 and W6), the latent class linear mixed model was used. Then, the groups were described at each time by several clinical characteristics and scores using ANOVA or the chi-square test. All metrics at day 0 and week 2 were tested for their capacity to predict a kinetic of response, all patients being treated by Agomelatine.

Results

1200 patients were drug naïve for the current episode; 3 types of response kinetics were found: early, intermediate et late responders. The principal factor in relationship with a later response was the number of past episodes. Among the 1700 patients with a previous antidepressant treatment, 6 types of kinetics were distinguished: early response kinetics, intermediate and late response, non response and a singular one with early response at W2 and relapse at W6. The principal factor in relationship with a bad response kinetic was the age at first episode of mood disorder.

Conclusions

Previous reports stressing the interest of an assessment at week 2 were reinforced by the present results.
1313 – Prevalence Of Psychiatric Disorders Among Cancer Patients Admitted In a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Gopalan M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and India is no exception to this. The controversies and necessity of assessing the prevalence of psychological morbidity with validated instruments in cancer patients, which can have important ramifications, in service delivery led to the present study.

Aims and objectives

To study the Prevalence and correlates of psychiatric morbidity in cancer patients and find the factors associated with psychiatric illness in cancer patients in a tertiary care centre.

Methods

Patients admitted in Radiotherapy ward of Medical College Trivandrum who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were assessed using translated and validated MINI 6.0, delirium rating scale and Adjustment disorder questionnaire after obtaining informed consent.

Results

Of the 384 patients assessed the prevalence of Psychiatric disorders was 41.7% with adjustment disorders contributing to 22.6%, major depressive disorders 10.9%, delirium 6.5%, and hypomania 1.6% and age, past history of chemotherapy, past history of radiotherapy, & surgical treatment of carcinomas were significantly associated with psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions

Cancer is associated with Psychiatric disorders and affects patients. Psychological interventions can alleviate the distress of these persons and provisions of psychological support should be is an important component in the care of these patients.
1322 – Mirror Neuron Dysfunction And Ego-boundary Disturbances In Schizophrenia
Authors: Mehta U.M. , Basavaraju R. , Thirthalli J. , Gangadhar B.N.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Ego-boundary disturbance (EBD) in schizophrenia is a unique psychopathological cluster characterized by passivity experiences (involving thoughts, actions, emotions and sensations) attributed by patients to some external agency. Aberrant mirror neuron activation may explain impaired self-monitoring and agency attribution underlying these ‘first rank’ symptoms.

Aims

We aim to study mirror neuron activity (MNA) in schizophrenia patients with and without EBD using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Methods

50 right-handed schizophrenia patients (DSM IV) were evaluated using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Positive & Negative Syndrome Scale. They completed a TMS experiment to assess putative premotor MNA. Motor evoked potential (MEP) was recorded in the right first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) with (a) 120% of resting motor threshold (RMT) and (b) stimulus intensity set to evoke MEP of 1 millivolt amplitude (MT1). These were done in 3 states: actual observation of an action using the FDI, virtual-observation (video) of this action and resting state. The difference of MEP between resting to action-observation states formed the measure of MNA.

Results

MNA measured using MT1 and 120% RMT paradigms for real-observation was significantly lower in the 18 patients with EBD (thought-broadcast/withdrawal/insertion, made-act/impulse/affect and somatic passivity) than the 32 patients without EBD (t=2.75, p = 0.009; t = 2.41, p = 0.02 respectively for the two paradigms). The two groups did not differ on age, gender, education and total symptom scores.

Conclusions

Schizophrenia patients with EBD have lower premotor MNA. This highlights the role of MNA dysfunction in the pathophysiology of this unique and intriguing symptom cluster in schizophrenia.
1326 – Correlations Of Self-injury Behaviour, Aggression & Emotional Intelligence In Adolescents With Different Mental Disorders
Authors: Zvereva M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Problems of self-injury behaviour (SIB) now are extremely actual in normal and abnormal adolescence, however, amount of psychological researching is limited (Gratz K.L., Polskaya N.A.). Here we use combined definition of SIB as the intentional, direct injuring of body tissue usually done without suicidal intentions.

Objectives

Adolescents 13-17 years old:

Experimental group 1 - 17 patients (schizotypal disorder - EG1).

Experimental group 2 - 11 patients (psychopathic syndrome - EG2).

Control group - 20 normally developed adolescents.

Aims

Determining of risk factors for self-injury behaviors among adolescents with different mental disorders.

Methods

1.

SIB scale (N.A.Polskaya)

2.

Emotional Intelligence Scale - EQ (D.Goleman)

3.

Aggression questionary (Buss A.H. & Perry M.)

4.

Dembo-Rubinshtein self-assessment test

Results

We assess correlation between SIB and other analyzed parameters in both experimental groups.

Correlation coefficient in EG1

1.

index of SIB and EQ -0,730 (p < 0.001)

2.

index overall scores of aggression questionary and SIB 0,725(p < 0.001)

3.

index anger and physical SIB 0,651 (p < 0.01)

4.

index self-assessment of character and SIB -0,690(p < 0.01)

Correlation coefficient EG2

1.

index of SIB and EQ0,661(p < 0.05)

2.

index hostility and psychological SIB 0,650 (p < 0.05)

Control group haven’t any correlations.

Conclusions

Similar correlations of SIB and EQ was obtained in experimental groups.

Correlation between anger score and physical SIB was shown in EG1.

Correlation between hostility score and psychological SIB was shown in EG2.

It was found antithetic correlation between self-assessment of character and SIB in EG1.