bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The complete genome sequence and analysis of a plasmid-bearing myxobacterial strain Myxococcus fulvus 124B02 (M 206081)
Authors: Chen Xiao-jing , Han Kui , Feng Jing , Zhuo Li , Li Ya-jie , Li Yue-zhong
Published: January 2016

Myxobacteria, phylogenetically located in the delta division of the Proteobacteria, are well known for characterized social behaviors and large genomes of more than 9 Mb in size. Myxococcus fulvus is a typical species of the genus Myxococcus in the family Myxococcaceae. M. fulvus 124B02, originally isolated from a soil sample collected in Northeast China, is the one and only presently known myxobacterial strain that harbors an endogenous autonomously replicating plasmid, named pMF1. The endogenous plasmid is of importance for understanding the genome evolution of myxobacteria, as well as for the development of genetic engineering tools in myxobacteria. Here we describe the complete genome sequence of this organism. M. fulvus 124B02 consists of a circular chromosome with a total length of 11,048,835 bp and a circular plasmid of 18,634 bp. Comparative genomic analyses suggest that pMF1 has a longstanding sustention within myxobacteria, and probably contributes to the genome expansion of myxobacteria.
Pharmacological interventions for self-harm in adults
Authors: Hawton Keith , Witt Katrina G. , Salisbury Tatiana L. Taylor , Arensman Ella , Gunnell David , Hazell Philip , Townsend Ellen , van Heeringen Kees
Published: January 2016

Self-harm (intentional self-poisoning or self-injury) is common, often repeated, and strongly associated with suicide. This is an update of a broader Cochrane review on psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for self-harm, first published in 1998 and previously updated in 1999. We have now divided the review into three separate reviews. This review is focused on pharmacological interventions in adults who self-harm.
Does drug treatment reduce the risk of further self-harm or suicide?
Authors: Smith Katharine , Attenburrow Mary Jane
Published: January 2016

Self-harm is a significant social and healthcare problem, with substantial morbidity and healthcare costs. It has strong links to further self-harm and to suicide. The current review is one of three that investigate interventions in preventing recurrence of self-harm, and it focuses on pharmacological treatment. The conclusions are limited by the small number and size of trials identified, and the low quality of evidence. No benefit on recurrence of self-harm was detected in three small trials of antidepressants, but the types studied are ones that are now less commonly used. A small trial of flupentixol suggested a possible benefit on repetition, but this has not been replicated. One small trial of lithium showed no benefit, but this was in contrast to a recent large meta-analysis showing a significant anti-suicidal effect of lithium when used to treat mood disorder. The review highlights important areas for further research.
Gaining approvals for mental health research in the NHS
Authors: Cooper Miriam , Eyre Olga , Doherty Joanne , Jones Rhys Bevan
Published: January 2016

When embarking on mental health research it is often necessary to apply for approvals from one or more review bodies to ensure that the research is ethical and that the safety and well-being of participants are safeguarded. This can be complicated and time consuming, particularly to those unfamiliar with the process. In this article we describe the approvals commonly required for National Health Service-based research involving patients and endeavour to clearly explain what is involved at each stage. We then highlight some of the main considerations, including ethical aspects, which are particularly pertinent to conducting research in the field of mental health, and finish with general advice and considerations for future developments in the area.
Towards a more just insanity defence: recovering moral wrongfulness in the M'Naghten Rules
Authors: Rix Keith J. B.
Published: January 2016

This article describes how the M'Naghten Rules, which govern the law of insanity in England and Wales, came into existence. In relation to knowledge of the wrongfulness of the alleged act, the article reveals how the Court of Appeal has sought to limit the defence, whereas the courts of first instance, and a number of other jurisdictions, have adopted interpretations of the Rules that accord more closely with the law of insanity as it existed at the time of Daniel McNaughtan's trial and that the Rules were probably meant to formulate. Three cases are used to illustrate the difficulties resulting from the position adopted by the Court of Appeal. It is suggested that in cases where the insanity defence is raised, justice is likely to be better served by addressing specifically and separately the accused's understanding or appreciation of the moral wrongfulness of the alleged act and their knowledge as to whether the alleged act is contrary to the law of the land.
Role of Hypothalamic VGF in Energy Balance and Metabolic Adaption to Environmental Enrichment in Mice
Authors: Foglesong Grant D. , Huang Wei , Liu Xianglan , Slater Andrew M. , Siu Jason , Yildiz Vedat , Salton Stephen R. J. , Cao Lei
Published: January 2016

Environmental enrichment (EE), a housing condition providing complex physical, social, and cognitive stimulation, leads to improved metabolic health and resistance to diet-induced obesity and cancer. One underlying mechanism is the activation of the hypothalamic-sympathoneural-adipocyte axis with hypothalamic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as the key mediator. VGF, a peptide precursor particularly abundant in the hypothalamus, was up-regulated by EE. Overexpressing BDNF or acute injection of BDNF protein to the hypothalamus up-regulated VGF, whereas suppressing BDNF signaling down-regulated VGF expression. Moreover, hypothalamic VGF expression was regulated by leptin, melanocortin receptor agonist, and food deprivation mostly paralleled to BDNF expression. Recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer of Cre recombinase to floxed VGF mice specifically decreased VGF expression in the hypothalamus. In contrast to the lean and hypermetabolic phenotype of homozygous germline VGF knockout mice, specific knockdown of hypothalamic VGF in male adult mice led to increased adiposity, decreased core body temperature, reduced energy expenditure, and impaired glucose tolerance, as well as disturbance of molecular features of brown and white adipose tissues without effects on food intake. However, VGF knockdown failed to block the EE-induced BDNF up-regulation or decrease of adiposity indicating a minor role of VGF in the hypothalamic-sympathoneural-adipocyte axis. Taken together, our results suggest hypothalamic VGF responds to environmental demands and plays an important role in energy balance and glycemic control likely acting in the melanocortin pathway downstream of BDNF. (Endocrinology 157: 983-996, 2016)
Sign, Affect, and Musicking before the Human
Authors: Tomlinson Gary
Published: January 2016

Viewed in broad and deep-historical perspective, human musicking can help us to discern a semiotics reaching far beyond the human sign, clarifying its signifying processes while at the same time delimiting them within the larger realm of information. These categories and distinctions, brought to bear on recent affect theory, show it to be often inadequate in its use of key concepts. This biosemiotic analysis, then, indicates three directions forward: first, toward an adjustment of certain claims of object-oriented philosophers sometimes allied to the affect theorists; second, toward a revisiting of Deleuze and Guattari's A Thousand Plateaus and of the relation there of the sign and affect to assemblages and their formation; and, third, toward the speculative materialism of Meillassoux and the opportunity it proposes for an anti-Kantian historicism.
Capitalist Divination
Authors: Bear Laura
Published: January 2016

Economic theory and technocratic policy have long understood economic action to be a communicative activity. From Pierre-Simon Laplace and Adam Smith to current liberalization fiscal policy in India designed to produce price signals and entrepreneurial behavior this conceptualization has been dominant. Instead this article draws on the anthropology of divination to argue that capitalist action is provoked by technologies of the imagination that generate speculation. These issues are explored in the context of changing forms of governance of the Hooghly riverine economy by bureaucrats in the Kolkata Port Trust. Through ethnography we track how public-private partnerships are forged by exemplary men, or seers, deploying divinatory action. The fortunes of business, trade, and the livelihoods of informalized workers rest on these practices, which generate short-term unstable forms of capital accumulation. Drawing on this case, we can potentially develop comparative critical approaches to the recent emergence of popularist speculators in India and elsewhere.
Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Ganti Tejaswini
Published: January 2016

In this essay, I focus on what has been characterized as a perennial problem for the Hindi film industry—the inability to accurately measure commercial outcome. While commentators and industry personnel criticize and lament this inability as an impediment to the rational functioning of the Hindi film industry, I argue that rather than hindering the industry, the lack of accurate information is integral to its functioning. Relying on economic theory's definition of “ambiguity,” which refers to missing information that could be known, I reveal how the Hindi film industry's inability to accurately measure box-office outcome produces an ambiguity about commercial transactions that is actually generative and productive, enabling the industry to function and reproduce itself. In large-scale media industries like Bollywood, I contend, the presence of ambiguity is necessary and actually critical for the long-term existence of such industries.
Betting on Performed Futures
Authors: Puri Stine Simonsen
Published: January 2016

In this article I focus on prediction in an Indian gambling market. The article is based on my long-term fieldwork at Delhi Racecourse, which offered a microcosm in which to examine speculations on future uncertainty. I argue that these speculations are oriented toward predicting people rather than horses. This is because the future is not considered an open-ended event subject to laws of chance, but rather an event that is fixed. The races are perceived as spectacles hiding the real underlying game, where races are being manipulated by jockeys, trainers, horse owners, race judges, and the mafia in order to extract money from the betting market. This understanding of the immediate future as manipulated by various actors with economic interest in certain outcomes mirrors perceptions of the political economic system in India at large. In the article I emphasize the importance of embedding our understanding of uncertainty in political, economic, technological, and social contexts and existing systems of exchange, while paying attention to the role of larger technological and economic developments. I take betting to be a form of speculation in between calculation and suspicion.
Dehistoricizing Islam in Africa
Authors: Marsh Wendell Hassan
Published: January 2016

The Walking Qur'an by Rudolph T. Ware III ambitiously takes on African and Islamic studies in a call to make the study of Islam in Africa more central to the two fields that have left it lying in a double margin. By arguing that a series of root metaphors from the tradition suggest an implicit theory of embodied knowledge that constitute an authentic Islam, however, Ware particularizes West African and Muslim forms of religiosity and dehistoricizes present struggles and points of social contention. The resulting narrative appears to legitimate claims made by the religious establishment within Senegal today while making claims to legitimate authority possible among the African American Muslim community.
Of Reciting and Reading
Authors: Diagne Souleymane Bachir
Published: January 2016

Rudolph Ware's groundbreaking work, The Walking Qur'an, is for the most part devoted to an important episode of the history of Senegambia known as “the Wars of the Marabouts.” Leaning on works by historians of the period, Ware revisits the episode using a powerful conceptual tool: the notion of the human being as a “walking Quran.” As Diagne discusses, many Islamic traditions insist on the fact that the Quran is truly written in the heart of the believer who thus becomes an embodiment of the Word of God. As the being chosen to be the bearer of the Word spoken by God, a human could not be enslaved as the Quran could not be put “in chains.” Ware argues that such a meaning of the nobility of the human and her election to be the lieutenant (khalife) of God is the driving force behind the wars of the Marabouts against the Atlantic slave trade. Diagne also engages with Ware's claim that Muslim reformers who by the end of the nineteenth century advocated “modern” pedagogical approaches to education in centers such as Al Azhar or madrases in Senegambia turned their back to the authentically Islamic epistemology of embodiment.
The kindlin family: functions, signaling properties and implications for human disease
Authors: Rognoni Emanuel , Ruppert Raphael , Fässler Reinhard
Published: January 2016

The kindlin (or fermitin) family of proteins comprises three members (kindlin-1,-2 and -3) of evolutionarily conserved focal adhesion (FA) proteins, whose best-known task is to increase integrin affinity for a ligand (also referred as integrin activation) through binding of β-integrin tails. The consequence of kindlin-mediated integrin activation and integrin-ligand binding is cell adhesion, spreading and migration, assembly of the extracellular matrix (ECM), cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Another hallmark of kindlins is their involvement in disease. Mutations in the KINDLIN-1 (also known as FERMT1) gene cause Kindler syndrome (KS) – in which mainly skin and intestine are affected, whereas mutations in the KINDLIN-3 (also known as FERMT3) gene cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency type III (LAD III), which is characterized by impaired extravasation of blood effector cells and severe, spontaneous bleedings. Also, aberrant expression of kindlins in various forms of cancer and in tissue fibrosis has been reported. Although the malfunctioning of integrins represent a major cause leading to kindlin-associated diseases, increasing evidence also point to integrin-independent functions of kindlins that play an important role in the pathogenesis of certain disease aspects. Furthermore, isoform-specific kindlin functions have been discovered, explaining, for example, why loss of kindlins differentially affects tissue stem cell homeostasis or tumor development. This Commentary focuses on new and isoform-specific kindlin functions in different tissues and discusses their potential role in disease development and progression.
What is copyright
Authors: Al Mataleqa Mohamed , Yasen Bassam
Published: January 2016

Intellectual property is considered one of the sensitive topics of our time, as it is completely linked to the human mind. This led to a jurisprudential dispute among legal scholars about the legal nature of intellectual property. Is it a personal right, a moral right, or a right that is completely separate from these rights, meaning that it is of a private nature?
When we study the Jordanian Civil Law, we find that it considers it a moral right. This is through its division into sections of moral rights, such that industrial property and trademarks are included under this right. Copyright is very similar to industrial property and trademarks in terms of general rules. Because the principle is to protect the mental innovator, whether this innovator is industrial or a literary work, without regard to its crystallization of material entities.
As for the Egyptian legislator, he did not address these rights directly, but rather left the matter to the jurisprudence of the jurists and postponed all non-material rights to their own laws. However, in the event that these laws are unable to accommodate new matters, reference is made to the Civil Code, which is the basis of these laws and fills any deficiency. In which.
Optimal Provision-After-Wait in Healthcare
Authors: Braverman Mark , Chen Jing , Kannan Sampath
Published: January 2016

We investigate computational and mechanism design aspects of allocating medical treatments at hospitals of different costs to patients who each value these hospitals differently. The payer wants to ensure that the total cost of all treatments is at most the budget, B. Access to overdemanded hospitals is rationed through waiting times.

We first show that optimizing social welfare in equilibrium is NP-hard. But if the number of hospitals is small and the budget can be relaxed to (1 + ɛ)B for arbitrarily small ɛ, the optimum under budget B can be achieved efficiently. Next, we show waiting times emerge endogenously from the dynamics between hospitals and patients and the payer doesn’t have to explicitly enforce them; all it needs to do is enforce the amount of money paid to each hospital, and the dynamics will converge to the desired waiting times in finite time. Going beyond equilibrium solutions, we investigate the optimization problem over a much larger class of mechanisms. With two hospitals and concave preference profiles of the patients, optimal welfare is actually attained by the randomized assignment, which allocates patients at random and avoids waiting times. Finally, we discuss potential policy implications of our results, followup directions, and open problems.
Strategies for reducing peri-operative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Su E. P. , Su S.
Published: January 2016

During the last ten years, greater attention has been given to the management of peri-operative blood loss after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), as it is a modifiable outcome that has a significant effect on the rate of complications, the recovery, and the economic burden. Blood loss after TKA has been greatly reduced during this time, thereby dramatically reducing the rates of allogeneic transfusion. This has significantly reduced the complications associated with transfusion, such as fluid overload, infection, and increased length of stay.

The greatest advent in lowering peri-operative blood loss after TKA has been the introduction of tranexamic acid, which reduces blood loss without increasing the risk of thromboembolic events.

This paper discusses the ways of reducing blood loss after TKA, for which a multimodal algorithm, with pre-, intra- and post-operative measures, has been adopted at our institution.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):98–100.
Treatment of nonunions in fractures of the humeral shaft according to the Diamond Concept
Authors: Miska M. , Findeisen S. , Tanner M. , Biglari B. , Studier-Fischer S. , Grützner P. A. , Schmidmaier G. , Moghaddam A.
Published: January 2016

Methods

Between 2005 and 2012, 50 patients (23 female, 27 male) with nonunion of the humeral shaft were included in this retrospective study. The mean age was 51.3 years (14 to 88). The patients had a mean of 1.5 prior operations (sd 1.2;1 to 8). All patients were assessed according to a specific risk score in order to devise an optimal and individual therapy plan consistent with the Diamond Concept. In 32 cases (64%), a change in the osteosynthesis to an angular stable locking compression plate was performed. According to the individual risk an additional bone graft and/or bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) were applied.

Results

A successful consolidation of the nonunion was observed in 37 cases (80.4%) with a median healing time of six months (IQR 6). Younger patients showed significantly better consolidation. Four patients were lost to follow-up. Revision was necessary in a total of eight (16%) cases. In the initial treatment, intramedullary nailing was most common.

Discussion

The use of locking compression plates in combination with autologous cancellous bone graft has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment. In more complex cases, the use of the Masquelet technique and BMP-7 may be indicated at the first revision operation. Take home message: Our results suggest the Diamond Concept is a successful treatment strategy for nonunions of the humeral shaft. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:81–7.
Smoking status and the Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand score are early predictors of symptomatic nonunion of displaced midshaft fractures of the clavicle
Authors: Clement N. D. , Goudie E. B. , Brooksbank A. J. , Chesser T. J. S. , Robinson C. M.
Published: January 2016

Aims

This study identifies early risk factors for symptomatic nonunion of displaced midshaft fractures of the clavicle that aid identification of an at risk group who may benefit from surgery.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of 88 patients aged between 16 and 60 years that were managed non-operatively.

Results

The rate of symptomatic nonunion requiring surgery was 14% (n = 13). Smoking (odds ratio (OR) 40.76, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.38 to 120.30) and the six week Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.22, for each point increase) were independent predictors of nonunion. A six week DASH score of 35 or more was identified as a threshold value to predict nonunion using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Smoking and the threshold value in the DASH and were additive risk factors for nonunion, when neither were present the risk of nonunion was 2%, if one or the other were present the nonunion rate was between 17% to 20%, and if both were present the rate increased to 44%.

Discussion

Patients with either of these risk factors, which include approximately half of all patients sustaining displaced midshaft fractures of the clavicle, are at an increased risk of developing a symptomatic non-union. Take home message: Smoking and failure of functional return at six weeks are significant predictors of nonunion of the midshaft of the clavicle. Such patients warrant further investigation as to whether they would benefit from early surgical fixation in order to avoid the morbidity of a nonunion. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:125–30.
The epidemiology of failure in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Khan M. , Osman K. , Green G. , Haddad F. S.
Published: January 2016

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a cost effective and extremely successful operation. As longevity increases, the demand for primary TKA will continue to rise. The success and survivorship of TKAs are dependent on the demographics of the patient, surgical technique and implant-related factors.

Currently the risk of failure of a TKA requiring revision surgery ten years post-operatively is 5%.

The most common indications for revision include aseptic loosening (29.8%), infection (14.8%), and pain (9.5%). Revision surgery poses considerable clinical burdens on patients and financial burdens on healthcare systems.

We present a current concepts review on the epidemiology of failed TKAs using data from worldwide National Joint Registries.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):105–12.
The surgical approach for revision total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Abdel M. P. , Della Valle C. J.
Published: January 2016

A key to the success of revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a safe surgical approach using an exposure that minimises complications. In most patients, a medial parapatellar arthrotomy with complete synovectomy is sufficient. If additional exposure is needed, a quadriceps snip performed through the quadriceps tendon often provides the additional exposure required. It is simple to perform and does not alter the post-operative rehabilitative protocol. In rare cases, in which additional exposure is needed, or when removal of a cemented long-stemmed tibial component is required, a tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) may be used. Given the risk of post-operative extensor lag, a V-Y quadricepsplasty is rarely indicated and usually considered only if TTO is not possible.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):113–15.
Cemented or cementless humeral fixation in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty?
Authors: Phadnis J. , Huang T. , Watts A. , Krishnan J. , Bain G. I.
Published: January 2016

Aims

To date, there is insufficient evidence available to compare the outcome of cemented and uncemented fixation of the humeral stem in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA).

Methods

A systemic review comprising 41 clinical studies was performed to compare the functional outcome and rate of complications of cemented and uncemented stems in RSA. These included 1455 cemented and 329 uncemented shoulders. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar. Variables were compared using pooled frequency-weighted means and relative risk ratios (RR).

Results

Uncemented stems had a significantly higher incidence of early humeral stem migration (p < 0.001, RR 18.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.0 to 65.2) and non-progressive radiolucent lines (p < 0.001, RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.4), but a significantly lower incidence of post-operative fractures of the acromion compared with cemented stems (p = 0.004, RR 14.3, 95% CI 0.9 to 232.8). There was no difference in the risk of stem loosening or revision between the groups. The cemented stems had a greater relative risk of infection (RR 3.3, 95% CI 0.8 to 13.7), nerve injury (RR 5.7, 95% CI 0.7 to 41.5) and thromboembolism (RR 3.9, 95% CI 0.2 to 66.6). The functional outcome and range of movement were equivalent in the two groups.

Discussion

RSA performed with an uncemented stem gives them equivalent functional outcome and a better complication profile than with a cemented stem. The natural history and clinical relevance of early stem migration and radiolucent lines found with uncemented stems requires further long-term study. Take home message: This study demonstrates that uncemented stems have at least equivalent clinical and radiographic outcomes compared with cemented stems when used for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:65–74
Patient-specific cutting blocks
Authors: Lee G-C.
Published: January 2016

Patient specific instrumentation (PSI) uses advanced imaging of the knee (CT or MRI) to generate individualised cutting blocks aimed to make the procedure of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) more accurate and efficient. However, in this era of healthcare cost consciousness, the value of new technologies needs to be critically evaluated. There have been several comparative studies looking at PSI versus standard instrumentation. Most compare PSI with conventional instrumentation in terms of alignment in the coronal plane, operative time and surgical efficiency, cost effectiveness and short-term outcomes. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have also been published. PSI has not been shown to be superior compared with conventional instrumentation in its ability to restore traditional mechanical alignment in primary TKA. Most studies show comparative efficacy and no decrease in the number of outliers in either group. In terms of operative time and efficiency, PSI tended towards decreasing operative time, saving a mean of five minutes per patient (0 to 20). Furthermore, while some cost savings could be realised with less operative time and reduced instrumentation per patient, these savings were overcome by the cost of the CT/MRI and the cutting blocks. Finally, there was no evidence that PSI positively affected clinical outcomes at two days, two months, or two years. Consequently, current evidence does not support routine use of PSI in routine primary TKA.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):78–80.
Teachers’ use of social-media tools for their professional development
Öğretmenlerin sosyal medya araçlarını mesleki gelişim amaçlı olarak kullanım durumları
Authors: Öztürk Duygu Saniye , Öztürk Faruk , Özen Raşit
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study is to determine the use of social media for professional development purposes by the teachers. Fourty teachers working at various grades and schools in the city center of one of the cities located in the North-west part of Turkey in the spring semester of 2014-2015 academic year formed the study group. For the selection of teachers, purposeful random sampling technique was used. The qualitative data were collected through a questionnaire developed by the researchers in the spring semester of 2014-2015 academic year. For the analysis of the qualitative data, descriptive analysis was used. The findings of the study revealed that teachers generally use the social media tools for professional purposes in their daily classroom activities and their professional development. In the meantime, it is observed that social media tools are effective when they are used for their professional development and for sharing purposes. Besides, teachers emphasized that social media has an important place in terms of their personal and professional development as well as they state that attention should be paid to dangers and misuse of social media.

 

Özet

Bu araştırmanın amacı öğretmenlerin sosyal medyayı mesleki gelişim amaçlı nasıl kullandıklarının belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde bulunan bir ilin merkezinde çeşitli okul kademelerinde 2014-1015 öğretim yılında görev yapan öğretmenlerden seçilen kırk öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Öğretmenlerin seçiminde amaçlı rastgele örneklem tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma ile ilgili nitel veriler 2014-2015 öğretim yılı bahar döneminde araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen bir anket ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi için, betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, öğretmenlerin sosyal medya araçlarını genel olarak kullandıkları, mesleki gelişim ve paylaşım amaçlı kullanmada ise çoğunlukla etkin oldukları görülmüştür. Bunun yanında öğretmenler, bireysel ve mesleki gelişim konusunda sosyal medyanın önemli bir yeri olduğunu vurgulamakla birlikte bilgi kirliliği gibi tehlikelere karşı da dikkatli olunması gerektiğini belirtmektedirler.
Intimate partner violence against women: Effects of power distance, individualism and economy
Kadına yönelik yakın partner şiddeti: Güç mesafesi, bireycilik ve ekonominin etkisi
Authors: Yüce Selvi Ümran , Karanfil Derya
Published: January 2016

The aim of the present study is to examine the varying rates of physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) across countries with respect to Hofstede's (2001) power distance and individualism culture dimensions and investigate the possible mediating role of country economy in these relationships.  The sample of the study was composed of the values of 25 countries on the study variables. The points of countries on culture dimensions were obtained from Hofstede (2001) open data source. Gross national income per capita (GNIPC) was used as indicator of the economic development of the countries, and the values were taken from World Health Organization report (2013a). Physical and sexual IPV rates of countries were obtained from United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women data set (UN WOMEN, 2011). Countries having points in all three data sets were included in the study. Findings indicated that at cross-cultural level, physical and sexual IPV were significantly and positively correlated with power distance and they were significantly and negatively correlated with individualism and GNIPC. Additionally, mediation analyses showed that GNIPC significantly mediated both the relationship between power distance and physical IPV and power distance and sexual IPV. However, although GNIPC significantly mediated the relationship between individualism and physical IPV, did not mediate the relationship between individualism and sexual IPV.

 

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkelerarası farklılaşan fiziksel ve cinsel yakın partner şiddeti (YPŞ) oranlarının, Hofstede (2001)’nin kültürel boyutlarından güç mesafesi ve bireycilik/toplulukçuluk ile ilişkisini incelemek ve ülke ekonomisinin bu ilişkilerdeki olası aracı etkisini saptamaktır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, 25 ülkenin ilgili boyutlardan aldığı değerlerden oluşturmaktadır. Ülkelerin kültür boyutlarındaki değerleri, Hosftede (2001) açık veri setinden elde edilmiştir. Kişi Başına Düşen Gayri Safi Milli Hasıla (GSMH), ülkelerin ekonomik durumunun göstergesi olarak kabul edilmiş ve değerler Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Raporu’ndan (WHO, 2013a) alınmıştır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen ülkelerdeki YPŞ oranları ise, Birleşmiş Milletler Cinsiyet Eşitliği ve Kadınların Güçlendirilmesi Birimi (UN WOMEN, 2011) tarafından derlenen veri setinden elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, ülkeler düzeyinde, kadına yönelik fiziksel ve cinsel YPŞ oranlarının, güç mesafesi ile anlamlı düzeyde ve olumlu yönde, bireycilik ve kişi başına düşen GSMH ile anlamlı düzeyde ve olumsuz yönde bir ilişkisinin olduğu ortaya koymuştur. Aracı etki analizleri, kişi başına düşen GSMH’nın güç mesafesi ile fiziksel ve cinsel YPŞ ve bireycilik ile fiziksel YPŞ ilişkisine aracılık ettiğini; buna karşın bireycilik ile cinsel YPŞ ilişkisine aracılık etmediğini göstermiştir.
Screenings
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: January 2016

Columnist Paul Julian Smith discusses the state of television in Mexico and speculates on what the future may hold. There are plans to launch three new networks, one public and two private in the coming year. As a result of President Peña Nieto's telecommunications reform, there is for the first time a prospect of real competition for media dinosaur Televisa. As a result, television conglomerates’ recent move to the live stage reveals an attempt to purchase a more direct link to their popular audience.
Evidence of Visibility
Authors: Rich B. Ruby
Published: January 2016

Editor-in-Chief B. Ruby Rich reports on recent symposia and festivals in which she took part, reflects on the current state of Canadian documentary filmmaking, and charts a course through the content featured in FQ 69.2.
Sketchy Lesbians: Carol as History and Fantasy
Authors: White Patricia
Published: January 2016

Rather than a forward-looking lesbian representation, Todd Haynes's Carol, an adaptation by Phyllis Nagy of Patricia Highsmith's 1952 novel, The Price of Salt, looks to images and affective investments of the past to explore lesbian representability, the historical discourses and aesthetic codes through which desire between women can be recognized. The collaboration brings together preoccupations from Haynes's oeuvre and themes from Highsmith's that question reception of the film in terms of a happy ending and future progress. Through evocative art direction, camerawork, and star performances, the film invites the viewer to share the perspective of Therese (Rooney Mara), a nearly blank character written as Highsmith's stand-in, who is subsumed by desire for Carol (Cate Blanchett), a wealthy, discontented suburban wife and mother whom she meets by chance. The lovers’ exclusivity, and even their persecution, are understood as elements of fantasy that ultimately shed light on queer history.
Postpartum diastasis of the pubic symphysis: case report and literature review
Authors: Uvarovas Valentinas , Žukauskas Povilas , Šiatkus Tadas , Masionis Povilas
Published: January 2016

Postpartum diastasis of the pubic symphysis has the incidence from 1 in 300 to 1 in 30,000 deliveries. Under the action of progesterone and relaxin, a 1 cm widening of pubic symphysis is considered to be physiological and necessary for normal delivery. However, any higher widening is always pathological, involving the damage of pubic and sacroiliac ligaments. Multiparity has been identified as the only independent risk factor. Because this pathology often manifests as chronic pain in the pubic symphysis region, it is often mistakenly stated as a normal postpartum occurrence. It is only later when the symptoms of pelvic instability and pubic osteitis appear. Postpartum symphysiolysis is a clinical challenge to a physician due to low awareness and the postpartum period important to both the patient and the newborn.
Abdominal lymphangiomas in adults: case report and literature review
Authors: Šileikis Audrius , Danys Donatas , Žaldokas Gytis , Strupas Kęstutis
Published: January 2016

Intraabdominal lymphangioma is rare and comprises 5% of all lymphangiomas. In adults, it is less common than in children, and because of a benign progress lymphangioma is usually asymptomatic and its diagnosis is quite difficult. However, it is recommended to extirpate lymphangioma surgically to avoid complications. There is the question if lymphangioma should be completely excised to avoid relapses. We present a case of cavernous lymphangioma in an adult male who underwent a partial resection of the tumour. After ten years of observation, there is no evidence of tumour recurrence.
Klubo sąnario endoprotezo sepsinis išklibimas esant gūžduobės protrūzijai ir išorinės klubinės arterijos sužalojimui: atvejo aprašymas
Authors: Uvarovas Valentinas , Kocius Manvilius , Voitkun Jurij , Kuropatkinaitė Indrė , Kaupas Simonas
Published: January 2016

Straipsnyje aprašyta reta komplikacija po klubo sąnario endoprotezavimo operacijos. Ligonei dėl dešinio klubo sąnario artrozės atlikta planinė pirminė klubo sąnario endoprotezavimo operacija. Per pirmą pooperacinį mėnesį įvyko keturi endoprotezo išnirimai, diagnozuotas gūžduobinio komponento išklibimas. Atlikta revizinė artroplastika, implantuojant dvigubo mobilumo gūžduobinį komponentą. Po 12 mėnesių dėl persistuojančios infekcijos, gūžduobinio komponento išklibimo esant progresuojančiai protrūzija į mažąjį dubenį ir gausaus kraujavimo iš fistulės pooperacinio rando vietoje skubiai atlikta revizinė operacija. Angiografijos duomenimis, kraujavimo požymių į mažąjį dubenį nebuvo. Operacijos metu rastas į mažąjį dubenį paniręs gūžduobinis endoprotezo komponentas, pažeidęs išorinę klubinę arteriją, dauginiai šlaunikaulio ir kaulinio gūžduobės dugno osteomielito židiniai. Arterijos defektas susiūtas ir atlikta klubo sąnario egzartikuliacija.
Bendrojo kepenų latako jatrogeninio E2 klasės sužalojimo atliekant laparoskopinę cholecistektomiją gydymas endoskopinio stentavimo būdu: klinikinis atvejis
Authors: Grigaliūnas Aurelijus , Lunevičius Raimundas , Kuliešius Žygimantas , Praleikienė Lina
Published: January 2016

ĮžangaAprašome bendrojo kepenų latako jatrogeninio E2 klasės sužalojimo endoradiologinės diagnostikos ir nestandartinio sėkmingo gydymo tulžies latako stentavimu atvejį. Klinikinis atvejisLigoniui, 81 metų vyrui, dėl ūminio perforacinio kalkulinio cholecistito ir subhepatinio pūlinio atlikta laparoskopinė cho­lecistektomija ir pokepeninio tarpo drenavimas. Po operacijos buvo iki 700 ml tulžies nuotėkis pro dreną. Endoskopinės cholangiopankreatografijos metu diagnozavus bendrojo kepenų latako E2 klasės sužalojimą, tulžies latakai buvo stentuoti plastikiniu stentu. Vėliau susidariusi 1 cm ilgio striktūra buvo panaikinta metaliniu savaime išsiplečiančiu ir antimigracinį me­chanizmą turinčiu Hanarostent BCT-10-080-180 stentu. Praėjus pusei metų nuo šios procedūros ligonis jautėsi visiškai paten­kinamai. Cholangito simptomų nebuvo.IšvadosTulžies latakų stentavimas yra efektyvi alternatyva atviroms tulžies latakų operacijoms esant bendrojo kepenų latako jatro­geninės kilmės didelės apimties perforaciniam sužalojimui ir vėliau susidariusiai striktūrai (E2 ir potencialiai E1 sužalojimų klasės). Jis yra ypač svarbus vyresnio amžiaus ligoniams, turintiems mažą fiziologinį rezervą.
Hidrocefalijos revizinių operacijų priežastys
Authors: Šustickas Gytis , Rimšienė Justė
Published: January 2016

Darbo tikslasNustatyti pacientų, sergančių hidrocefalija, pakartotinių operacijų dažnį ir priežastis. Įvertinti šunto revizijos poreikio bei vožtuvo gedimo dažnio priklausomybę nuo hidrocefalijos etiologijos, likvoro priešoperacinio slėgio, implantuoto vožtuvo gamintojo bei drenuoto smegenų skilvelio rago.Ligoniai ir metodaiRetrospektyviai išanalizuoti operacijų protokolai bei epikrizės visų 130 pacientų, kuriems nuo 2007 m. vasario 1 d. iki 2014 m. sausio 31 d. VšĮ Respublikinės Vilniaus universitetinės ligoninės (RVUL) Neurochirurgijos skyriuje atlikta 214 ventrikuloperitoneostomijos (VPS) operacijų dėl hidrocefalijos (HC). Rinkti duomenys: HC etiologija, likvoro slėgis prieš operaciją, operacijų skaičius, pakartotinių operacijų priežastys, drenuotas ragas, implantuotas vožtuvas bei nustatytas vožtuvo atsidarymo slėgis. Tarpusavyje lyginant pacientus pagal implantuotus skirtingų gamintojų vožtuvus, HC priežastis ir likvoro slėgį prieš operaciją, ieškota statistiškai patikimų koreliacijų su vožtuvo gedimo ir revizijos poreikio dažniu. Duomenys statistiškai apdoroti SPSS 22.0 programa.RezultataiPasiskirstymas pagal lytį: 49 % vyrų, 51 % moterų. Amžius svyravo nuo 20 iki 83 metų, amžiaus vidurkis 55±15,0 metų. 55 metų amžiaus arba jaunesni buvo 61 (46,9 %) pacientas, vyresni nei 55 metų – 69 (53,1 %) pacientai. Aptariamuoju laikotarpiu atlikta 214 VPS operacijų. Vieną kartą operuoti 84 (64,6 %) pacientai, pakartotinai – 46 (35,4 %) pacientai, kai kurie po keletą kartų. Nustatytos pakartotinės operacijos priežastys – galvinio kateterio užsikimšimas konstatuotas 2,17 % atvejų, vožtuvo gedimas – 30,43 % atvejų, pilvinio kateterio užsikimšimas – 10,87 %, mišrus šunto sistemos blokas – 23,92 %, šunto migracija – 10,87 %, sistemos šalinimas dėl infekcijos – 19,57 %, tiksli priežastis nenustatyta – 2,17 %. Dažniausia pakartotinės operacijos priežastis – vožtuvo gedimas. Tarpusavyje lyginant implantuotų skirtingų gamintojų vožtuvų – „Codman“, „Sophysa“, „Medtronic“ – gedimo dažnį, statistiškai reikšmingo skirtumo nerasta (p>0,05). Taip pat vožtuvo gedimo dažnis nesiskyrė drenavus priekinį ar užpakalinį ragą (p>0,05). Tačiau 55 metų amžiaus ir jaunesniems pacientams šunto revizijos reikėjo dažniau nei vyresniems (p=0,047). Be to, vožtuvas gedo gerokai dažniau, kai likvoro slėgis prieš operaciją buvo žemas, palyginti su vidutiniu (p=0,035) ir aukštu (p=0,036) likvoro slėgiu prieš operaciją. Nustatyta patikima atvirkštinė koreliacija – likvoro takų stenozės atveju vožtuvas genda daug rečiau nei esant kitoms HC priežastims (p=0,012).IšvadosPakartotinės VPS operacijos prireikė 35,4 % pacientų. Dažniausia pakartotinės operacijos priežastis – vožtuvo gedimas. Pacientų amžius pirmosios operacijos metu, HC etiologija, likvoro slėgis prieš operaciją reikšmingai susiję su vožtuvo gedimo dažniu ir revizijos poreikio dažniu. Vožtuvo gedimo dažnis ir šunto revizijos poreikis nepriklauso nuo implantuoto šunto gamintojo ir drenuoto rago.
Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract
Authors: Poudel Atul , Afshan Sabahat , Dixit Mehul
Published: January 2016

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract are extremely common and are often diagnosed prenatally. Abnormalities may result in hydronephrosis, whether unilateral or bilateral, or in small dysplatic kidneys. It is important to accurately diagnose the underlying cause of the renal and urinary tract anomaly to provide timely intervention and preservation of renal function.
Medical Liability and the Neonatologist
Authors: Donn Steven M.
Published: January 2016

Medical malpractice litigation is a fact of life. The American tort system is outcomes based, and a poor outcome often leads to a medical malpractice lawsuit. Neonatologists practice in a complex setting that deals with critically ill infants at a high risk for complications and poor outcomes. Understanding the components of medical malpractice, recognizing areas of risk, and practicing within a system of prospective risk management can go a long way to not only reduce the risk of litigation but also improve patient safety and ultimately patient outcomes.
A Case of a Central Conducting Lymphatic Anomaly Responsive to Sirolimus
Authors: McCormick Andrew , Rosenberg Stacy , Tier Katherine , Balest Arcangela
Published: January 2016

The study of vascular anomalies is a rapidly progressing field in medicine. The development of new knowledge in the pathology and management of these disease processes are exemplified in the treatment of hemangiomas with propranolol and generalized lymphatic malformations with sirolimus. Central conducting lymphatic anomalies have traditionally been refractory to medical and surgical interventions. We report a case of a central conducting lymphatic anomaly that was responsive to sirolimus. A 14-year-old boy presented with chylothorax and chyluria with a lymphangiogram demonstrating abnormal lymphatic flow and reflux along the entire course of the central channels. Traditionally, medical management has been limited to somatostatin and low-fat diet with poor response and surgical interventions that are palliative. Sirolimus allows a new medical option that could improve management of this unresponsive population.
Supporting Parental Decisions About Genomic Sequencing for Newborn Screening: The NC NEXUS Decision Aid
Authors: Lewis Megan A. , Paquin Ryan S. , Roche Myra I. , Furberg Robert D. , Rini Christine , Berg Jonathan S. , Powell Cynthia M. , Bailey Donald B.
Published: January 2016

Advances in genomic sequencing technology have raised fundamental challenges to the traditional ways genomic information is communicated. These challenges will become increasingly complex and will affect a much larger population in the future if genomics is incorporated into standard newborn screening practice. Clinicians, public health officials, and other stakeholders will need to agree on the types of information that they should seek and communicate to parents. Currently, few evidence-based and validated tools are available to support parental informed decision-making. These tools will be necessary as genomics is integrated into clinical practice and public health systems. In this article we describe how the North Carolina Newborn Exome Sequencing for Universal Screening study is addressing the need to support parents in making informed decisions about the use of genomic testing in newborn screening. We outline the context for newborn screening and justify the need for parental decision support. We also describe the process of decision aid development and the data sources, processes, and best practices being used in development. By the end of the study, we will have an evidenced-based process and validated tools to support parental informed decision-making about the use of genomic sequencing in newborn screening. Data from the study will help answer important questions about which genomic information ought to be sought and communicated when testing newborns.