bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Flame Spread of Flying Small Coal Particles Explosion
Authors: Duan Zhen Wei , Lv Xiao Yan
Published: July 2012

The explosion cavity, in which nine coal dust explosion tests are made, is made of circular pipe of 0.3m diameter and square pipes of 80mm section side. The analysis of test results shows the flame spread in coal Dust explosion is fast, big change and poor stability; Neither the maximum flame speed nor the spread distance keeps direct proportional to the amount of coal dust. However, there is the optimal coal dust consistency, with which the flame speed can reach its maximum. When the coal dust consistency is bigger than the optimal consistency, the flame speed curve will overall decline. Temporarily "hypoxia" is a very important factor that led to this situation.
Laboratory Study of Weak Acid Fracturing Fluid
Authors: Lou Yan Min , Liu Zhi
Published: July 2012

At present, most of the fields have entered the stage with high moisture content. So fracturing as an important stimulation is particularly important. Through a lot of theoretical analysis and experimental studies. The water insoluble matter of modified guar gum we composed is much lower than before. It has a better tackifier performance. The GHPG can cross-link with cross-linker in weakly acidic conditions. So it can avoid the damage of the fracturing fluid to the formation of desensitization. And the fracturing fluid has higher strength, stability. It has a better gel breaking performance after which the viscosity is 1.87 mPa·s. So it can reduce the damage to reservoir permeability greatly
Solvent Extraction and Stripping of Tetravalent Titanium from Acidic Chloride Solutions by Trioctylphosphine Oxide
Authors: Mao Xue Hua , Liu Dai Jun
Published: July 2012

The solvent extraction and stripping of titanium(Ⅳ) from acidic chloride solutions by trioctylphosphine oxide（TOPO） in kerosene has been investigated. The solvent extraction results demonstrate that the extracted titanium is present as TiCl4.2TOPO. The kinetics of the extraction process is very fast, since the equilibrium is reached in 5 min. In addition, the extraction of titanium (Ⅳ) increases with the total chloride concentration in the aqueous phase, as well as with the extractant concentration in the organic phase. The loading capacity of TOPO for titanium (Ⅳ) is 4.60g/100g TOPO. The stripping results show that when the O/A phase radio changing from 1 to 10, titanium (Ⅳ) is completely stripped from the mental loaded organic phase of TOPO with 1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. Thus titanium (Ⅳ) can be enriched to tenfold concentration by the stripping.
Effect of Synthesis Process Parameters of PESA on its Scale-Inhibiting Performance
Authors: Li Xia , Wu Huai Zhi , Li Xian Se
Published: July 2012

Polyepoxy succinic acid (PESA) is a well-established green scale inhibitor. As compared with the testing results of the samples from some relevant domestic companies, it is found that the scale inhibition performance exhibits a significant deviation from batch to batch. Over the course of PESA synthesis, the focus was on the investigation of the effect of the main process parameters such as pH in the synthetic system, temperature and time upon the scale inhibition performance of the resultant product. The findings show that the pH in the synthetic system affects significantly the intermediate yield in the epoxidation step, and that there exists a correlation between the operational temperature and time in the polymerization process. When the 20 ppm sample prepared at the optimized polymerization temperature and time of 90 °C and 2 h, respectively, was dosed in a testing system, the scale inhibition performance at 10 h on stream is invariably no less than 95%.
Solid-State Fermentation Production of α-Galactosidase by Aspergillus niger Zju-Y1
Authors: Gu Feng Ying , Gao Jie , Ruan Hui , Chen Qi He , He Guo Qing
Published: July 2012

The agro-byproduct culture medium for α-galactosidase production by Aspergillus niger zju-Y1 was optimized with flask-SSF via response surface methodology, maximum α-galactosidase yield at the level of 230.159 U/g dry matter was achieved by using wheat bran and soybean meal as culture medium components. Furthermore, based on the flask-SSF results, the three-section-control strategy was developed for scale-up SSF, making fermentation steadily and efficiently, and the α-galactosidase activity hitting to 174.410 U/g dry matter, which is close to the result of flask-SSF. The results demonstrated that a feasible scale-up SSF mode for α-galactosidase production is successfully set up by combining the utilization of agro-byproduct culture medium and three-section-control strategy.
Solubility of Stearic Acid in Ethanol, 1-Propanol, 2-Propanol, L-Butanol, Acetone, Methylene Chloride, Ethyl Acetate and 95% Ethanol from (293 to 315) K
Authors: Liu Wen Ju , Sun Chen , Zhao Pei Xia , Wang Shao Feng
Published: July 2012

Solubility of stearic acid in ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol,l-butanol, acetone, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol was experimentally determined by the synthetic method from (293 to 315)K. The laser monitoring observation technique was used to determine the disappearance of the solid phase in a solid + liquid mixture. The solubility of stearic acid in methylene chloride was found to be the highest, and the value in 95% ethanol was the lowest. Results are correlated by semi-empirical equations, which show a good fit to the experimental data.
Application of a Novel P-N Intumescent Flame Retardant to Polypropylene
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zhang Fan
Published: July 2012

In this work, a flame retardant system consisting of P-N intumescent flame retardant (IFR), melamine phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was applied to polypropylene (PP). The IFR/APP/PTFE flame-retardant system showed significant synergistic effect, and the PP/IFR/APP/PTFE can reach a LOI value of 30.1% and UL-94 V-0 with only 24wt% flame-retardant (APP: 6wt%, IFR: 17.5wt%, PTFE: 0.5wt%). By using FTIR, SEM and XPS, the burning process of flame-retardant PP and the components of residual char were analyzed, and the flame retardant mechanism of PP/APP/IFR/PTFE system was studied.
Synthesis of Bismuth Oxide Nanoclusters from Norbornene Diblock Copolymer Template
Authors: Pan Chuan Yi , Yan Yan , Li Heng De , Hu Sheng
Published: July 2012

The synthesis and characterization of well-dispersed Bi2O3 nanoclusters from diblock copolymer are reported. A diblock copolymer template of norbornene derivatives was synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization. By introducing BiCl3 into the diblock copolymer template, the bismuth oxide nanoclusters within the copolymer micelles were achieved by NaOH soaking and water wash. Finally, FTIR and TEM were used to characterize the nanocomposite morphology and the process of oxide formation
Selective Determination of Metformin in Urine Sample Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Chemiluminescence Sensor
Authors: Xiong Yan , Huang Ying , Ye Zhong Bin , Chen Chen , Zhang Zhu Jun
Published: July 2012

A flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) sensor for metformin determination based on recognition materials of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) is reported. The sensor was fabricated by packing the MIP particles into a V-shape flow cell. Metformin could be selectively on-line adsorbed by the MIPs and then sensed by its great enhancing effect on the weak CL reaction between N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and fluorescein. The CL intensity was linear to metformin concentration in the range from 2×10−8 to 8×10−6 g•mL−1 and the limit of detection (L.O.D.) was 6×10−9 g•mL−1 (3σ). The sensor showed high selectivity, improved sensitivity and excellent stability and reversibility compared with the CL method without using MIPs. The lifetime of the sensor was investigated and MIPs could be reused for more than 200 times. The sensor has been directly applied to determine metformin in human urine.
Studies on the Modification of Polypropylene for the Detection Cable
Authors: Tian Feng , Wang Geng , Ni Yan Rong , Tong Zhan Ying
Published: July 2012

The blends was obtained by adding appropriate content of polyethylene and other additives such as lubricant and antioxidant in the polypropylene.Through the polarized light micrographs of the blends, we found that the mixer had a multiphase system after they had been processed in the twin screw extruder. The complete spherical crystal in polypropylene was divided into small fragments. A great number of sample with different formula has been tested. The results of the experiment showed that the impact property of mixer was improved. When the content of HDPE in PP is 30 percent, its comprehensive electrical and mechanical properties are best. The blend was completely able to meet the requests for the insulation materials of the cable of detection.
Effect of Adding Pump-Around Circuits and Reducing Stripping Steam Flow Rate on the Improving Energy Efficiency and Increasing Processing Capacity of the Atmospheric Column
Authors: Wang Zhen , Li Wei Wei , Zhao Hui Peng
Published: July 2012

This paper discusses the effect of adding pump-around circuits and reducing stripping steam flow rate on the improving energy efficiency and increasing processing capacity of the atmospheric column in a refinery plant by using commercial simulator. It is shown that both the capacity and energy efficiency of the atmospheric column can be increased by adding pump-around circuits and reducing stripping steam flow rate. The modifications discussed in this paper will affect the separation of the atmospheric column in some way. However, the product qualities can still meet the specifications, if the changes of the parameters are not significant. Therefore, the above issues should be considered in the modifications overall.
CFD-DPM Modeling of Gas-Liquid Flow in a Stirred Vessel
Authors: Li Liang Chao
Published: July 2012

Gas-liquid flow in a stirred vessel was simulated numerically with computational fluid dynamics(CFD). Gas was treated as discrete phase and described by discrete phase model (DPM), while the liquid was considered as a continuum and solved under Euler reference frame. The liquid velocity, gas holdup and gas residence time distribution in the stirred vessel were predicted. The simulation results show that gas dispersion in the stirred vessel is very non-uniformity and high gas holdup is found in the centre of the stirred vessel and vortexes while relatively low in bottom region and region between two impellers. Liquid velocity has great influence on bubble residence time and size distributions.
Analysis of Nutrition Content in Longan Seeds
Authors: Li Niang Hui , Wu Ping Ping , Huang Ru Qiang
Published: July 2012

The nutrition composition of Longan seeds was analysed in this paper.The results showed that starch,reducing sugar and protein are abundant in Longan seeds,as well as mineral elements which mainly contain K,Ca,Mg,P.The content of VA(＜0.56µg/100g) and VE(0.55mg/kg) were determined.It suggests that Logan seeds are favorable nutrient resource of health food.
Physical Properties of Resistant Mungbean Starch Prepared by Enzyme and Acid Treatment
Authors: Sun Qing Jie , Xiong Liu , Xing Ben Xin , Sun Cui Xia
Published: July 2012

The physical properties of enzyme and acid treated mungbean RS were studied. The crystal form was transformed into B type from C type with enzymatic and acid treatment.The solubility and transmittance decreased and mungbean RS content and the water-binding values increased with increase in enzyme and acid hydrolysis. The thermal properties observed by DSC showed a decrease in enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH) and increases in onset (To), peak temperature (Tp) and conclusion temperature (Tc) upon enzyme and acid hydrolysis. The ratio of volume of resistant starch samples wasn’t much different. However, a significant reduction in starch pasting viscosity was observed with enzyme and acid treating
Application of Glycosylated Nitrosohemoglobin in Meat Batters: Color Formation and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Zhang Hong Tao , Li Pei Jun , Kong Bao Hua , Liu Qian , Chang Zhao , Yang He Hong , Jiang Ya Nan
Published: July 2012

Sodium nitrite is an important food additive in meat industry. However, because of its carcinogenicity, the studies about nitrite substitutes have been focused on for many years. In this study, glycosylated nitrosohemoglobin (G-NO-Hb) synthesized by porcine blood, nitrite and sugar through maillard reaction was applied in chilled meat batters to replace for nitrite. Color difference, total aerobic plate count (APC) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) were determined in order to evaluate the quality of meat batters. The identified results by UV-Vis spectra analysis showed that the produced pigment products by porcine blood, nitrite and sugar through maillard reaction was NO-Hb because they had special absorption peaks at 420, 542 and 578 nm. The a*-values of batters treated with G-NO-Hb showed a significant increase (P 0.05), which indicated that the addition of G-NO-Hb had a positive effect on the red color formation of pork batters. Also, both TVB-N values and APC of samples treated with G-NO-Hb were significantly lower than the control samples (P < 0.05). It revealed that G-NO-Hb was a potential substance to substitute for nitrite during meat curing.
Trace Elements Compositions and Fatty Acid Profiles of Mussel
Authors: Chi Chang Feng , Zhang Jian She , Wu Chang Wen , Xu Mei Ying , Wang Bin
Published: July 2012

The trace element content and fatty acid composition of mussel were analyzed in the study. Mussel was rich in Fe, Mg, Se and Zn, with the contents of 221.44 ±1.64, 26.22±0.90, 24.21±0.27 and 4.27±0.04 mg/100g, which were the essential elements in human body. Saturated fatty acids were found at an average level of 64.30 % and unsaturated fatty acids were found at an average level of 35.70 %, and the content of n-3 PUFA + n-6 PUFA was 17.46 %. The highest content of saturated fatty acids in mussel was C22:6(n-3) (D HA), which accounted for 7.30 %. Therefore, the data on trace element and fatty acid composition of this study will form the basis for further research in this field of mussel chemistry for the benefits of human beings.
Isolation of High-GABA Strains and Study on GABA Determinations
Authors: Liu Shi Wang , Xiao Gong Nian , Mao Jian Wei , Huang Jun , Wei Pei Lian , You Yu Ru
Published: July 2012

The lactic acid bacteria to produce GABA and GABA determinations method were studied. Research results show that the strains isolated belong to Lactobacillus delbruckii for GABA with morphological and physiological and biochemical characterization. Paper chromatography for determination of GABA, which suitable conditions for developing agent (N-butanol: acetic acid: water) volume ratio were 4: 1: 3, under 30 min, 80 °C, 510nm detection wavelength respectively.
Research on Chemical Mutagenes is Breeding of Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Quan Yan Ling , Liu Yi Sheng , Xie Sheng Quan , Xu Zhi Liang
Published: July 2012

In this paper, using the methods of Chemical mutagenesis to deal with the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum, use the concentration of 0.1mol/L sodium nitrite to mutation processing the ganoderma lucidum mycelia of 5min.In order to get the strains that has more robust growth ability than the original mycelia. So we can get the Technical guidance for the breeding and industrialized production of Ganoderma lucidum.
Improvement of Foaming Properties of Whole Egg Powder through Maillard Reaction
Authors: Yu Cui , Chi Yu Jie , Xu Wei , Lv Lei , Chen Chen , Sun Qiang
Published: July 2012

In attempt to improve foaming properties of whole egg powder(WEP), WEP proteins were covalently attached to polysaccharide (maltodextrin) in a controlled aqueous solution through Maillard reaction. The optimum reaction conditions were as follows: reaction temperature was 50°C, reaction time was 120min, the weight ratio of maltodextrin:protein was 8‰. After modification, the foaming ability (FA) of WEP increased from 62.96% to 86.05%, the foaming stability(FS) increased from 20.67% to 38.97%. As the reaction proceeded, hydrophobicity and Surface SH groups increased, total SH groups and vailable lysine contents of M-WEP decreased. This results demonstrated that the Maillard reaction partially unfolds and polymerizes proteins of M-WEP and, consequently, improved foaming properties of WEP under certain controlled conditions.
Cloning and Characterization of Three Genes Encoding LMW-GSs from Triticum aestivum, Cultival Cheyenne
Authors: Chen Mei Rong , Shen Xing , Li Lin , Hu Song Qing
Published: July 2012

Three low molecular weight subunit genes, named LMW-CND1 (GeneBank accession JQ780048), LMW-CND2 (GeneBank accession JQ779840), LMW-CND3 (GeneBank accession JQ779841), with a ORF of 1053 bp, 903 bp, 969 bp, respectively, were isolated from cv. Cheyenne and characterized detailed in molecular level. The proteins encoded by the genes, with 350, 300, 322 amino acid residues respectively, differ only in repetitive domain of sequences due to insertion or deletion of repeats in this domain. Highly similarity in amino-acid sequence between these three subunits and other published LMW-GSs was also observed, showing that all three genes published here are typical LMW-GS genes and closely related to the genes on chromosome 1D. Besides, secondary structure prediction of proteins indicated that, in the three LMW-GSs, random loop accounts for no less than 70 %, α-helix amounts to 26 %, average, and only 1.4 %~1.7 % is β-sheet.
Effect of Staphylococcus xylosus and Lactobacillus fermentum Inoculation on Raw Pork Batters and Optimization of the Fermentation Conditions
Authors: Chen Qian , Li Pei Jun , Kong Bao Hua , Liu Qian , Xia Xiu Fang , Li Jing
Published: July 2012

Nitrite is a key ingredient during meat curing but harmful to human health. Staphylococcus xylosus and Lactobacillus fermentum were inoculated to raw pork batters to replace for nitrite. Based on the pH value and redness (a*-value) of the batters, the fermentation conditions were optimized by single factor experiments. The results showed that with the inoculation level of 107 cfu/g, the fermentation temperature and time were chosen as 8 h and 30°C, respectively. The optimum ratio of S. xylosus to L. fermentum ratio was 2:1. 20 mg/kg nitrite was necessary for the color formation of the meat batters. It revealed that S. xylosus and L. fermentum fermentation could partially replace for nitrite in pork batters.
Ultra High-Pressure and Ion Implantation Combined Mutagenesis to Improve the Production of β-Carotene from Red Yeast
Authors: Wang Sui Lou , Liu Wei , Wang Hai Xiang , Lv Chun Hui
Published: July 2012

The Ultra high pressure (UHP) and ion implantation were used to improve the yield of β-carotene from Rhodotorula glutinis NR-98. A mutant G-39 strain was achieved by using ultra high pressure to treat NR-98 strain at a pressure of 300 MPa. The yield of β-carotene increased from the original concentration of 6.03 mg/L to 9.64 mg/L, the increase percentage was 59.87%. Passage experiment indicated it has a good genetic stability. Then, low energy nitrogen ion of 10 Kev was injected to treat the mutant G-39 strain. The other ion mutant GL-5 strain was obtained after screening. The yield of β-carotene was increased from 9.64 mg/L to 17.36 mg/L with an increase percentage of 80.08%. GL-5 strain also has a good genetic stability. The study showed that good mutagenesis effects could be obtained by using combined UHP and ion implantation methods to treat with Rhodotorula glutinis NR-98. The yield of β-carotene was increased from 6.03 mg/L to 17.36 mg/L with a total increase percentage of 188%. The result has a practical application prospect.
Production of Low Calorie Oil with Enzymatic Catalysis Method
Authors: Cui Hui Ling , Xu Yuan Dong , Zhang Yu Jun , Song Hui Bo
Published: July 2012

The 1, 3-specific lipase of Lipozymetlim was used as catalyst to produce low calorie oil through the reaction of soybean oil with glycerol triacetate. The effects of catalyst using amount, molar ratio of the substrates, reaction temperature and reaction time on the product yields were investigated. The orthogonal experiment results showed that the optimal reaction conditions were the substrate molar ratio of 2:1, reaction temperature of 60 °C, reaction time of 24 h, and 10 % enzyme adding amount per gram of substrate. Under such conditions, the reaction yield was 79.56 %. After 5 times reuse of the enzyme, the yield still could reach 58.94 %. The calorific value of the product was measured by calorimetric method and the value was 35 027 J/g which was about 75 % of the corresponding value for soybean oil.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Edible Films Incorporated with Rosemary Extracts on Fresh Beef during Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Liu Qian , Han Jian Chun , Zhang Yong Gen , Li Shuang Mei , Li Jing
Published: July 2012

The effect of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) edible films containing rosemary extracts for shelf-life extension of beef was evaluated over 12-days storage at refrigerated temperature (4 °C). The beef samples were analyzed periodically for microbiological (total plate count), chemical characteristics, such as pH value, colour, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances value (TBARS) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N). The results indicated that filming treatments retarded the decay of beef compared to control group (P < 0.05). And films incorporated with rosemary extracts mostly efficiently inhibited the growth of total plate counts (P < 0.05), also predominantly reduced chemical spoilage, reflected in pH, a*-value, TBARS value and TVB-N (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggested that the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts were expressed in a CMC based edible film, and also could have great effect on improving the quality characterizes of beef and prolong its shelf life.
Research on Low Temperature Elastic Recovery Property of a Novel Poly(ester-Imide-Ether) Based on N-(4-Carboxyphenyl) Trimellitimide Unit
Authors: Lin Shao Jian , Chen Si , Lan Jian Wu , Guo Rong Hui , Shang Jiao Jiao , Li Ya Ni , Fan Jing
Published: July 2012

The elastic recovery property of a novel poly(ester-imide-ether) (PEIE) was prepared from the 1, 4-butanediol (BD), poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG1000) and imide dicarboxylic acid based on 1, 2, 4-benzenetricarboxylic (TMA) and aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was studied. The elastic recovery of the PEIE was studied in the fiber form. The influences of the draw ratio, temperature and heat treatment on elastic recovery were investigated. The results show that the novel PEIE possesses the excellent elastic recovery at low temperature and the quickly-changed temperature is lower than that of traditional poly(ester-ether)s. Meanwhile, the heat treatment process can improve the elastic recovery of the PEIE because this process improves the crystallization of the hard segments.
Enhanced Activity of Intracellular Agarase from a Novel Marine Strain Agarivorans gilvus WH0801
Authors: Gu Wen Xue , Chen Yu Lin , Niu Hui Na , Lu Xiao , Mao Xiang Zhao , Du Zong Jun , Liu Xin Li
Published: July 2012

A marine bacterium strain Agarivorans gilvus WH0801 with the efficient agar degradation ability isolated from fresh seaweed samples of Weihai coast was found to be potential in producing agarase. We studied on the optimal medium composition and culture conditions of Agarivorans gilvus WH0801 by statistical methods in shake flasks. First, several more important factors influencing agarase activity were selected by Plackett-Burman design. They are agar concentration, yeast extract concentration and seed age. Then the optimum levels of these three variables were further determined using Box-Behnken design. The highest agarase activity is obtained in the medium consisting of 2.49 g L-1 agar and 0.88 g L-1 yeast extract when the seed age is 25.64 h. The levels of other factors are 1 g L-1 peptone, 0.01 g L-1 ironic citrate at initial pH 7.0 and 28 °C. The whole optimization strategy results in the activity of agarase reaches 1.158 U mL-1, which is about 6.2-fold increase compares with the control.
Optimization of Glycosylating Condition for Soy Protein Isolates and Maltodextrin by Maillard Reaction
Authors: Dou Chao Ran , Yu Guo Ping , Jiang Lian Zhou , Song Yan , An Sheng Ming
Published: July 2012

The glycation of soy protein isolates and maltodextrin by Maillard wet-heating were evaluated. Glycosylating condition was optimized by the single factor test. The effects of temperature, heating time, protein content, weight ratio of maltodextrin to protein and dextrose equivalents (DE) of maltodextrins (Mds) on the degree of substitution (DS) and browning were investigated. The most optimum conditions are as follows: temperature 90°C, heating time 3h, the protein content 10mg/mL, the weight ratio 2, DE of maltodextrins 9~12. The degree of substitution and browning reaches 14.9% and 0.27 respectively. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between the conditions and the degree on the glycation of SPI and Mds.
Changes in Protein Components and Size Distribution of Bovine Milk Fat Globules Caused by Heat Treatment
Authors: Li Yan Hua , Zhang Lan Wei , Wang Wei Jun , Li Hong Bo , Xue Chao Hui
Published: July 2012

The effects of heat treatment on the changes in the protein components and size distribution of bovine milk fat globules were investigated. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that some membrane proteins, such as xanthine oxidase and butyrophilin, had disappeared or were weakly stained in the gel due to heating of milk. The volume surface average diameter of raw milk fat globules ranged from 1.15 to 7.42 μm. When the heating temperature was above 90 °C or the heating time was prolonged above 10 min, the average diameters of heated milk fat globules increased significantly (P < 0.05).
The Enrichment Condition of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Shelled Buckwheat by Soaking
Authors: Liu Shu Xing , Jiao Wei Na , Zhang Shuang
Published: July 2012

The effects of temperature, time, pH, calcium concentration and the ratio of shelling buckwheat and sodium glutamate were studied while using dipping treatment to accumulate γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in north-shaanxi shelled buckwheat. The results were as follows: Glutamate decarboxylase activity is 3.694u/g. The yield of GABA achieves in the largest respectively under the following conditions: Soaking temperature at 40°C, time of 10h, pH6.0, calcium concentration at 0.3mmol/L, the ratio of shelled buckwheat and sodium glutamate at 1800g/mol.
The Optimization of Corn Juice Beverage Processing Technology
Authors: Yang Xin Chao , Wang Yuan Xiu , Qin Yu Xiang , Ma Chuang , Su Zheng Bo
Published: July 2012

Corn residue is used as raw material, and through the study of corn juice processing, we can optimize the machining process, reduce processing costs, increase economic efficiency. It is found through the test that the optimum corn processing time for the precooking is 1h, liquefaction enzyme dosage is 30 activity unit every gram, reaction time is 1.5h, glucoamylase ratio is 120 activity unit every gram, saccharification time is 1.5h, 40MPa homogeneous for two times, sterilization at 135 °C ultra high temperature for 10s. Under these conditions, the production of maize corn residue has high sugar content with a small amount of enzyme dosage, the production cost is reduced, the product stability is greatly enhanced, and the shelf life is effectively extended.
Effect of 1-MCP on Bioavailability of Lingwu Long Jujube In Vitro Digestion
Authors: Jiang Zhong Li , Wang Ai Li , Li Xi Hong , Zhu Min Peng , Wang Jun Wei
Published: July 2012

The present study investigated the effect of 1-MCP on bioavailability of Lingwu long jujube stored at 0 °C for 60 days. At the end of the storage, compared with the control samples, Lingwu long jujube treated with 1-MCP exhibited higher Vc bioaccessibility, total phenolic content and free radical scavenging capacity, which demonstrated that 1-MCP treatment could provide a better effect on maintaining the bioavailability of Lingwu long jujube.
Analysis and Evaluation of Nutrition Composition of Mussel
Authors: Chi Chang Feng , Zhang Jian She , Wu Chang Wen , Xu Mei Ying , Wang Bin
Published: July 2012

The nutrient components of mussel, including crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, vitamins and composition of amino acids, were analyzed in this study. The crude protein content ranged from 42.23% in S8 to 45.62% in S2. The crude fat content was generally ranging from 2.33% to 2.68%. The crude ash ranged from 1.08% to 1.67%. The total sugar content ranged from 1.23% to 1.31%. VA showed the highest contents and the content ranged from 202.32±0.30 mg/100g in S7 to 212.23±1.37 mg/100g in S5 among all the vitamins. The content of cholesterol ranged from 421.32±3.17 mg/100g in S7 to 445.12±2.43 in S1. The content of riboflavin ranged from 0.54±0.03 mg/100g in S7 to 0.63±0.05 in S3. The content of lecithin ranged from 1.20±0.07 mg/100g in S8 to 1.41±0.09 in S1. The content of unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 18.2±1.31 mg/100g in S8 to 22.9±1.49 in S5. The content of EAA was in the order of Leu > Lys > Thr > Phe >Ile > Val > Met .The ratio between essential amino acids and total amino acids was 39.18 %. The ratio between essential amino acids and total amino acids as well as the ratio between essential amino acids and nonessential amino acids in the amino acid composition of good quality proteins were about 86%, respectively proposed by FAO/WHO. The content of delicious amino acids in mussel was 15.53%, accounting for 36.72 % of total amino acids, which is an important reason for the particularly delicious of mussel.
Drying Characteristics and Process Optimization of Vacuum Far-Infrared Radiation Drying on Cornus officinalis
Authors: Liu Yun Hong , Zhu Wen Xue , Luo Lei , Song Yu
Published: July 2012

Recently, vacuum far-infrared radiation (VFIR) drying has received more and more attention because of its effective and successful applications in drying agricultural products, fruits and vegetables. Drying characteristics of VFIR drying on Cornus officinalis was studied in this research, and orthogonal regression experiment was designed and carried out. The results showed that with increase of heater’s temperature and decrease of chamber’s pressure, drying rate and loganin content increase, and the influence of heater’s temperature is more significant than that of pressure. With nonlinear programming analysis method, the optimized process parameters are obtained as heater’s temperature 98.6 oC and pressure 1000 Pa, and the corresponding drying time and loganin content are 250 min and 1.18%, respectively.
Determination of Pentachlorophenol and Sodium Pentachlorophenolate in Fishery Products by Acetic Anhydride Derivatization/GC/μ-ECD
Authors: Shi Yong Fu , Liu Wen Qin , Huang Dong Mei , Huang Xuan Yun , Yu Hui Juan , Xu Jie , Wang Yuan , Cai You Qiong
Published: July 2012

A method was estimated to detect pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenolate in fishery products by gas chromatography with μ-ECD detector. Procedures of the method included extraction, alkaline stripping and derivatization. The pH of sample matrix was modified to 3-4 by nitric acid solution(nitric acid:water 1:1). Target compounds were extracted by hexane first and 0.2mol/L potassium hydroxide solution was used as stripping reagent to isolate pentachlorophenol from hexane. Acetic anhydride was taken as derivatizing reagent to convert target compounds into nonpolar ester compounds according to acylation reaction. Derivatized compound was extracted by hexane for the analysis of GC. The limit of detection is 2µg/kg . The average recoveries ranged from 73.01 to 104.68% spiked at 2.0,4.0,10.0µg/kg. And the relative standard deviations ranged from1.5 to 8.3%. The method can be used for the determination of pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenolate in fishery products,and it provides an rapid and acute method for food safety determination.
The Anti-Fatigue Effect of Black Soybean Peptide in Mice
Authors: Li Hua , Liu En Qi , Wu Yong Hua , Chen Shang Long
Published: July 2012

The anti-fatigue activity evaluation was carried out with black soybean peptide in mice. The results show that, the middle and high dose active peptides can significantly （P＜0.01） prolong swimming time, blood lactic acid can be reduced notable （P＜0.01）, and improving the liver glycogen storage status greatly （P＜0.01） by infusing with black soybean peptide. The results suggest that black soybean peptide has obvious anti-fatigue effect, and the anti-fatigue action will improve by increasing dose.
Changes in Muscle Protein Fractions of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) during Early Storage Period
Authors: Wang Fa Xiang , Liu Yong Le , Yu Jian , Wang Man Sheng , Li Xiang Hong , Wang Jian Hui , Li Qiang
Published: July 2012

Muscle proteins degradation is one of the important manifestations relating to corruption of freshwater fishes during storage. In this paper, the changes in molecular weight distribution of grass carp muscle proteins during storage at nomal temperature were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and SEC-HPLC measurements. The results showed that the fish muscle proteins were always subject to changes during the whole process of storage, but significant changes of fish muscle proteins took place after 24 hours of storage. Particularly, the high molecular weight proteins were almost completely degraded after storage 24 hours, and the low molecular weight proteins were relatively stable but still undertaken more than 50% of degradation. Our results provide some new evidence for the change law of fish muscle proteins during early storage period.
Etiology of Fruit Rot of Barbary Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) in the Drying Process with Insolation Method in Green House
Authors: Yuan Hui Jun , Yang Ai Mei , Wu Gu Fei
Published: July 2012

A new disease of barbary wolfberry(Lycium barbarum L.) fruit, causing fruit rot in the drying process by insolation method in green house, was found. Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium herbarnm was consistently isolated from the diseased fruits. The lesions of both Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium herbarnm were initially observed on stalk or fruit wound.
Effect of Bacteriocin Treatment on Storage and Quality of Postharvest Strawberry Fruit
Authors: Jia Na , Xie Yuan Hong , Zhang Hong Xing , Liu Hui , Feng Jing Jing , Zhu Lin Da , Zhou Xu Bao
Published: July 2012

In order to explore the effects of bacteriocin treatment on storage and quality of postharvest strawberry fruit, the inhibitory effects of a bacteriocin, produced by Lactobacillus plantarum, against rhizopus on infected strawberry fruits, was evaluated. Meanwhile, corruption rate, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TA) and vitamin C content were analyzed comparing between bacteriocin LF-1 and nisin treatment. The results show that the bacteriocin LF-1 has a significant inhibitory effect against spore germination of rhizopus. The average spore germinations of rhizopus was only 15.5% when treating with bacteriocin LF-1 at volume percentage of 20%. Freshly harvested strawberries were placed in room temperature and aspersed with bacteriocin LF-1 and nisin for 6 days. In particular, corruption rate, TSS, TA and vitamin C content were respectively 40%, 4.0mg/100g, 60.3% and 63.0mg/100g with bacteriocin LF-1 treating. These data suggest that bacteriocin LF-1 significantly reduced fruit decay and maintained overall quality, thereby extended the shelf-life of the strawberries.
Effect of Seasons on Volatile Compounds in Grass Carp Meat
Authors: Shi Wen Zheng , Ying Miao Miao , Wang Xi Chang
Published: July 2012

In this paper, the volatile compounds of the belly meat and red meat of cultured grass carp in different seasons were identified by SPME(solid phase micro-extraction)-GC (gas chromatography)-MS (mass spectrometry). The results showed that SPME was effective to analysis of the volatiles in grass carp meat. According to GC-MS, 26, 44, 41 and 26 volatile compounds were detected in belly meat of grass carp in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively; 48, 46, 43 and 53 volatile compounds were detected in red meat of grass carp in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. The volatile components are mostly carbonyl compounds and alcohols, the respective relative contents are above 90%. The relative content of the volatile compounds of cultured grass carp in different seasons has the significance difference by ANOVA. Seasons have great effect on the volatile compounds of grass carp meat and the impact on red meat is smaller than belly meat The study will enrich the theoretical knowledge of flavor chemistry and provide an effective solution to the current situation of low proportion of fish processing.
Extraction and Analysis of Degradable Polyethylene Residues in Soil
Authors: Xiong Xiao Li , Luo Xue Gang , Chen Cheng
Published: July 2012

A method for extraction of degradable polyethylene (PE) residues in soil was reported in this paper. PE powder (Mw=5000) which was taken as simulated PE residues were evenly mixed with different types of soils. The soil and PE powder mixtures were dissolved in HF:HCl acid mixture (5:2 (v/v)) for 50min at room temperature, followed by sequential washed using water, ethanol, sodium hydroxide and tetrahydrofuran at 45oC. The extraction procedure gave an average recovery rate of 82%. The results show that the soil type had no significant effect on PE recovery rate. The FT-IR spectra and the high temperature gel permeation chromatography (HT-GPC) illustrates that no significant changes in chemical structure and molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of PE after the extraction. The preliminary results obtained indicate that this method can be a new approach in studying the degradation of PE residues in soil.
Low Calorie Oil Production through Transesterification Using Sodium Methoxide
Authors: Xu Yuan Dong , Cui Hui Ling , Zhang Yu Jun , Song Hui Bo
Published: July 2012

Short-chain triglycerides i.e. the low calorie oil was produced by transesterification with soybean oil and glycerol triacetate using sodium methoxide as catalyst. The reaction conditions were optimized and the yield reached 73.14 % under this conditions. The calorific values of the soybean oil and the product were measured and the value for the later was 32 450 J/g which was approximately 71 % of the former.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antitumor Activities of Cis-gallic acid[(1R,2R)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine] Platinum(II)
Authors: Wang Qing Kun , Pu Shao Ping , Li Yong Nian , He Jian , Zhou Li Min , Peng Juan , Huang Tian Jun , Liu Liang Meng
Published: July 2012

Abstract. In order to obtain a gallic acid platinum complex, the title compound was synthesed from potassium tetrachloroplatinate by the reaction potassium iodide, (1R,2R)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine, silver nitrate and gallic acid respectively. The complex structure and component were characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, 1H-NMR and IR and the anticancer activity was measured by MTT method. The result showed that its structure was consistent with the title compound and had inhibiting effect on the growth of tumor cell lines in vitro.
Sterilization of Clothes Infected by Bacteria Using Chlorine-Containing Disinfectant Coupled with Heat Effect
Authors: Li Zhan Guo , Li Ying , Liu Zhi Nong , Li Guo Rong , Zhu An Na
Published: July 2012

Bacterial samples were prepared taking cloth strip as carriers infected by bacillus subtilis var. niger spores. Bacterial carriers were disinfected by spraying chlorine-containing disinfectant coupled with heat effect. Orthogonal experiments were carried out taking available chlorine concentration, spraying quantity of disinfectant, temperature and sterilizing time as influencing factors. The results showed that spraying quantity 0.12 g/cm2of disinfectant containing 5000 mg/L available chlorine, bacillus subtilis var. niger spores on the carrier with 1×106cfu per sample could be killed completely (100%) in 60°C thermostat for 15 min. At the same time, contrastive experiments indicated that there were still 1100 cfu of residual bacteria on the carrier which had been sprayed disinfectant containing 5000 mg/L available chlorine and put into 25°C (room temperature) thermostat for 30 min. While no killing efficiency was observed when putting bacterial carrier into 60°C thermostat for 30 min, if taking standard hard water instead of disinfectant.
The Stimulatory Activities of Baicalein and Baicalin Compounds Derived from Scutellaria baicalensis on Insulin Secretion In Vitro
Authors: Li Yu Ping , Su Hu , Pi Xiao Fang , Gong Yan Chun , Xiong Xiang Yuan , Wu Guang Jie , Li Zi Ling
Published: July 2012

The medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has been used widely in traditional Chinese medicine for anti-inflammation, anticancer, antiviral and antibacterial infections, reducing the total cholesterol level and decreasing blood pressures. Baicalein and baicalin are two major flavonoid of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exhibit various bioactivities. In the present study, the stimulatory activity of baicalin and baicalein derived from Scutellaria baicalensis on insulin secretion in vitro was investigated using HIT-T15 cell, a Syrian hamster transformed β-cell line. The survival rate of cells treated with baicalin or baicalein (0.01-0.5 mg/ml) increased significantly (P < 0.05). In the presence of 5.6 mM glucose, baicalin or baicalein (0.01-0.5 mg/ml) increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and cellular ATP levels in HIT-T15 cells. Baicalin and baicalein exhibited significant stimulatory activity in a dose-dependent manner without apparent cytotoxicity at concentrations less than 0.1 mg/ml. The results obtained in this study suggest that baicalin or baicalein increases the insulin secretion of HIT-T15 cells by the enhancement of β-cells activity and cellular ATP levels. Baicalin or baicalein could be candidates for a new class of anti-diabetic drugs.
Tryptanthrin Sulfonate: Crystal Structure, Cytotoxicity and DNA Binding Studies
Authors: Zhao Li Fang , Liu Yan Cheng , Qin Qi Pin , Ya Wen Zu , Duan Hai Chun
Published: July 2012

Tryptanthrin (TPT), which is an indoloquinazoline alkaloid with multiple biological activities, was studied on its sulfonation in order to increase its water solubility. An 8-substituted tryptanthrin sulfonate (TPTS) was synthesized and structurally characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, ESI-MS, as well as X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The interactional mechanism of TPTS with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was further studied by UV spectroscopy and DNA viscosity experiment. The addition of ctDNA into the TPTS solution induced moderate hypochromicity on its electronic absorption spectrum, by which an intrinsic binding constant of 1.10×104 M-1 was achieved. While addition of TPTS caused significant increasement on the viscosity of ctDNA solution. The results suggest that TPTS interacts with ctDNA mainly by intercalative binding mode.
Biologically Active Compounds from Microalgae and its Health Function
Authors: Xu Yun Yun , Zhang Tao , Chen Lei , Lin Zhen Rong , Ge Xiao Yu
Published: July 2012

Microalgae are a biochemically diverse assemblage of microorganisms amenable to fermentation and mass culture.Most of these microalgae species produce unique products like carotenoids，antioxidants，fatty acids，enzymes，polymers，peptides，toxins and sterols.Microalgae might become economic sources of new drugs，other specialty chemicals and functional foods because production can be optimized in controlled culture.This paper introduced the biologically active compounds from microalgae and its health function，studies of microalgae in human nutrition and new trends in microalgae food，researched on microalgal health food，and the development of information was provided.
Study on Biological Safety of TiO2 Nanomaterials
Authors: Luo Xiao Min , Wu Dong Qiu , Yang Fei Fei
Published: July 2012

Because of the special physical and chemical character, TiO2nonmaterials have been applied in many fields and bring enormous progress to people’s life. However, a new problem has turned to be the focus of people’s attention, that is, whether TiO2nonmaterial may bring about harm to the organism. This paper introduces three contacts (breathing contact, alimentary canal contact, shin contact) between TiO2nanometer materials and people, and then recommends the safety affection of TiO2nonmaterial for people. In the end there are some protection measures of TiO2nanometer dust which may be harmful to our health.
Antimicrobial Activity and Interaction with Bovine Serum Albumin of Nickel(II) Complex
Authors: Liu Yu Fen , Xia Hai Tao , Rong De Fu
Published: July 2012

The binding reaction of nickel(II) complex [Ni(C16H20N2)2•(H2O)2]Cl2•C3H7NO with bovine serum albumin(BSA) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy under the simulative physiological conditions. The experimental results show that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by nickel(II) complex is a result of the formation of ground state complex and the quenching mechanism was static quenching. The binding constants were 4.24×103L•mol−1at 293K with one binding site. The antimicrobial activity study found that the nickel(II) complex was active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.
Study on Chemical Constituents of Lagotis yunnanensis
Authors: Yang Jin , Wu Hai Yan , Li Qing Hua , Yi Ping , Min Yong , Liu Wei , Yang Xiao Dong , Li Liang
Published: July 2012

Lagotis yunnanensis is a folkloric medicine in China. In order to investigate its effective components, The 95% ethanol extract of whole plant of L. yunnanensis was separated and purified with chromatographic method. Eight compounds were obtained and identified as luteolin (1), chrysoeriol (2), apigenin-7-methyl ether (3), 3, 4-dimethoxycinnamyl-D-glucopyranoside (4), verbascoside (5), cistanoside D (6), 2-O--D-glucopyranospylcucurbitacin D (7) and arvenin I (8) by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1~3 are flavonoids, compounds 4~6 are phenylpropanoids and compounds 7 and 8 are triterpenoids. Compounds 4~8 have been obtained from this species for the first time.
Fluorescence Enhancement of the Doxycycline– Europium Ion–Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate System and Doxycycline Determination
Authors: Wang Hai Yan , Jia Bao Xiu , Li Yu Qin , Wang Renliang , Liu Caihong , Li Li
Published: July 2012

A new sepctrofluorimetric method for the determination of doxycycline (DC) was developed based on its enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of europium ion in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS). The mechanism of fluorescence enhancement was studied. Optimum conditions for the determination of DC were also investigated. The linear range was 0.10- 3.00μg/mL. The detection limit was 1.3ng/mL. There was no interference from the excipients normally used in tablet formulations and the serum compositions. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of DC in tablets.
Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Sediments from Aha Lake, China
Authors: Liu Feng , Hu Ji Wei , Huang Xian Fei , Chen Jing An , Fu Li Ya , Luo Jin
Published: July 2012

Assessment of the pollution for the selected six heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Ni) in ten surface sediments sampled from Aha Lake in a dry season was made in the present investigation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the sources of the heavy metals contamination and two components were extracted. Analysis of the lake characteristics and point source pollution revealed that the discharge of industrial effluent and coal mining wastewater were the possible sources of these heavy metals contamination. Based on the speciation characteristics of heavy metals in sediments, the method ratio of secondary phase to primary phase (RSP) was applied to evaluate the loadings and the bioavailability of these heavy metals. The RSP evaluation exhibited that Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn and Ni were mainly associated with Fe-Mn oxides besides residual phase, while Cu mainly existed in organic phase and residual phase. In summary, the potential risk posed to the lake caused by the heavy metals was high and descended in the order of Mn > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cu > Fe.