bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Study on Tobacco Use among Youth in the Kyrgyz Republic Republic (GYTS, 2019)
Authors: Polupanov A. G. , Tolebaeva A. A. , Sabirov I. S. , Altymysheva A. T. , Sabirova A. I. , Uraimova A. A. , Artykova N. P.
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study was to assess the situation related to tobacco consumption among adolescents aged 13 – 15 in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Materials and Methods. The study used a two-stage selection of schoolchildren in grades 7 – 9 (teenagers 13 – 15 years old) to conduct the survey. At the 1st stage, information was collected about all schools of the republic, where children of the target group study. the schools in which the survey was subsequently conducted were selected by the statistical sampling method according to the number of students in grades 7 – 9. The grades whose students participated in the questionnaire were set at stage 2 by random sampling in each school The survey includes 43 questions from the Standard main Questionnaire of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) and 30 supplementary questions (73 in total) with multiple choice of answers. The statistical processing was performed using the SUDAAN software package (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention); a 95% confidence interval was calculated to calculate weighted prevalence estimates and standard errors (SE).

Results. The survey found that 6.0% of schoolchildren (9.5% of boys and 2.4% of girls) currently use various types of tobacco; 4.4% of schoolchildren currently use tobacco (6.8% of boys and 2.0% of girls); 2.4% of schoolchildren smoke cigarettes; 2.4% use smokeless tobacco, 2.8% use other tobacco products (hookah); 2.8% of schoolchildren smoke electronic cigarettes (3.9% of boys and 1.7% of girls). Tobacco use most often begins before age 7 or after age 12. 16.8% of schoolchildren are exposed to tobacco smoke at home, of which 14.2% are in closed places and 14.8% in open public places. 87.2% of schoolchildren purchase cigarettes in a shop, kiosk, from a street vendor, and in the market. During the visit to the point of sale 26.7% noticed tobacco advertising and promotions; 49.7% saw anti-tobacco messages in the mass media. Definitely think that smoking tobacco by other people is bad for them, 71.2% of schoolchildren.

Conclusion. A high percentage of teenagers consuming e-cigarettes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco products has been noted, although > 50% of them are aware of the dangers of tobacco use. Every 6th student is a passive smoker. The vast majority of schoolchildren aged 13 – 15 who try to quit smoking do not receive professional help in quitting tobacco use, and are exposed to protobacco media marketing campaigns.
An efficient algorithm for overlapping bubbles segmentation
Authors:   Laboratory of Metrology and Energetic Systems, National School of Engineers of Monastir, University of Monastir, Bettaieb Afef , Filali Nabila ,   Laboratory of Metrology and Energetic Systems, National School of Engineers of Monastir, University of Monastir, Filali Taoufik ,   Laboratory of Metrology and Energetic Systems, National School of Engineers of Monastir, University of Monastir, Ben Aissia Habib ,   Laboratory of Metrology and Energetic Systems, National School of Engineers of Monastir, University of Monastir
Published: August 2020

Image processing is an effective method for characterizing various two-phase gas/liquid flow systems. However, bubbly flows at a high void fraction impose significant challenges such as diverse bubble shapes and sizes, large overlapping bubble clusters occurrence, as well as out-of-focus bubbles. This study describes an efficient multi-level image processing algorithm for highly overlapping bubbles recognition. The proposed approach performs mainly in three steps: overlapping bubbles classification, contour segmentation and arcs grouping for bubble reconstruction. In the first step, we classify bubbles in the image into a solitary bubble and overlapping bubbles. The purpose of the second step is overlapping bubbles segmentation. This step is performed in two subsequent steps: at first, we classify bubble clusters into touching and communicating bubbles. Then, the boundaries of communicating bubbles are split into segments based on concave point extraction. The last step in our algorithm addresses segments grouping to merge all contour segments that belong to the same bubble and circle/ellipse fitting to reconstruct the missing part of each bubble. An application of the proposed technique to computer generated and high-speed real air bubble images is used to assess our algorithm. The developed method provides an accurate and computationally effective way for overlapping bubbles segmentation. The accuracy rate of well segmented bubbles we achieved is greater than 90 % in all cases. Moreover, a computation time equal to 12 seconds for a typical image (1 Mpx, 150 overlapping bubbles) is reached.
Identification of the acoustic signal models of audio exchange systems under conditions of interference and acoustic feedback
Authors:   Murom Institute (branch) of Vladimir State University, Ermolaev V.A. , Kropotov Y.A. ,   Murom Institute (branch) of Vladimir State University, Proskuryakov A.Y. ,   Murom Institute (branch) of Vladimir State University
Published: August 2020

In this paper questions of building models of information exchange systems with discrete and distributed delay and with delayed feedback by methods of the theory of linear functional differential equations are investigated. When solving the said equations, it is necessary to consider restrictions caused by the uncertainties in the system under modeling, such as the absence of the exact data on the parameters of the model elements, their natural spread and temporal variations, thus requiring the solution of an identification problem. The models with continuous aftereffect introduced in this work take a fuller account of reflected signal characteristics in closed space, which increases the reliability of modeling results in comparison with the known differential models. At the same time, there is a problem of finding functions that characterize the value distribution of the echo delay. In this work, these functions (kernels) are approximated by a number of exponents, which simplifies the equations and allows the assumption that the aftereffect can be concentrated on both final and infinite intervals. The echo components caused by closed-space resonances are modeled by transfer functions of the corresponding linear links. In numerical modeling, a single-channel model represented by a second-order resonance link and a pulse-shaped kernel described by a sum of two decreasing exponents is considered. The analysis of stability of the models of systems with delayed feedback is conducted by a frequency method. In the paper an approach to estimating the correlation and spectral functions of signals and noise components based on the parametric representation of the latter is considered. The paper also considers issues relating to the practical significance of the research results.
Transfer of spin angular momentum to a dielectric particle
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kotlyar V.V. ,   Samara National Research University, Nalimov A.G. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Kovalev A.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Porfirev A.P. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Stafeev S.S. ,   IPSI RAS - Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: August 2020

We show here that in the sharp focus of a linearly polarized laser beam the spin vector flux has only transverse components (the effect of photonic wheels or photonic helicopter). For a linearly polarized optical vortex, the orbit-spin conversion leads to the appearance of both longitudinal and transverse components of the spin density vector in the focus. Spin-orbit conversion is experimentally demonstrated for a circularly polarized Gaussian beam when a transverse energy flux (orbital angular momentum) arises in the focus, which is transmitted to a microparticle and makes it rotate. Switching the handedness of circular polarization (from left to right) switches the microparticle rotation direction. It is also shown here that an azimuthally polarized vortex beam with an arbitrary integer topological charge generates in the focus a spin density vector that only has an axial component (pure magnetization), while the transverse spin flux is absent.
Substantiation of the selection of the points for the erector suspension with the lifting mechanism ropes at launch complexes
Authors: Udovik I.S. , Zolin A.V.
Published: August 2020

The paper considers the problem of selecting the optimal weight and size characteristics of an erector frame for advanced super heavy-lift launch vehicle by selecting the suspension points of lifting mechanism ropes to the erector when transferring the rocket to a vertical position at the launch complex. The calculated dependences of frame weight and the force in polyspast system on the distance between the points of erector attachment to the racks of the launch pad and the points of erector suspension with the ropes are presented. The effect of the transverse width of the erector frame guide beams and the angle between the tight ropes and the horizon at the initial moment of lifting the rocket to the vertical position on the weight and dimensions of the erector is analyzed. According to the calculation results there is the possibility of a significant reduction in the weight, size and cost of the erector and the drives of lifting mechanisms in comparison with the case when ropes are attached to the cantilever part of the frame and systems using hydraulic drives as the lifting end organs of the erector beam.
Determining abbreviations in Kariyer.net domain
Authors: Tuncer Isilay , Kara Kemal Can , Karakas Askin
Published: August 2020

In this paper, studies determining abbreviations and their meanings in job texts are explained. The data used in this study consist of job texts stored in the Kariyer.net database. The applied method consists of two separate steps: first, the words and phrases in all job text documents are vectorised with the Word2Vec model. The phrases and abbreviations that are compatible with each other in the proximity of these word vectors are then checked and matched. In the second step, sentences with abbreviations and their meanings in the dataset are defined by the rules determined by Regex. Then, the appropriate abbreviations are collected and added to the dictionary.

 

Keywords: Word embeddings, text mining, abbreviation detection.
Training of ANFIS with simulated annealing algorithm on flexural buckling load prediction of aluminium alloy columns
Authors: Haznedar Bulent , Bayraktar Rabia , Yayla Melih , Demirkol Mustafa Diyar
Published: August 2020

In this study, we propose a simulated annealing algorithm (SA) to train an adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS). We performed different types of optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithm (GA), SA and artificial bee colony algorithm on two different problem types. Then, we measured the performance of these algorithms. First, we applied optimization algorithms on eight numerical benchmark functions which are sphere, axis parallel hyper-ellipsoid, Rosenbrock, Rastrigin, Schwefel, Griewank, sum of different powers and Ackley functions. After that, the training of ANFIS is carried out by mentioned optimization algorithms to predict the strength of heat-treated fine-drawn aluminium composite columns defeated by flexural bending. In summary, the accuracy of the proposed soft computing model was compared with the accuracy of the results of existing methods in the literature. It is seen that the training of ANFIS with the SA has more accuracy.

 

Keywords: Soft computing, ANFIS, simulated annealing, flexural buckling, aluminium alloy columns.
A comparative study of different classification algorithms on RNA-Seq cancer data
Authors: Simsek Nihat Yilmaz , Haznedar Bulent , Kuzudisli Cihan
Published: August 2020

Gene mutations are the most important reason of cancer diseases, and there are different kind of causing genes across these diseases. RNA-Seq technology enables us to allow for gathering information about many genes simultaneously; hence, RNA-Seq data can be used for cancer diagnosis and classification. In this study, RNA-Seq dataset for renal cell cancer is analysed using three different developed classification methods: random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN) and deep learning (DL). The genes in our dataset are related to the following cancer types: kidney renal papillary cell, kidney renal clear cell and kidney chromophore carcinomas. It suggests that the DL method gives the highest accuracy rate compared to RF and ANN for 95.15%, 91.83% and 89.22%, respectively. We believe that the results acquired in this study will make a contribution to the classification of cancer types and support doctors in their processes of decision making.

 

Keywords: Classification, gene-expression, RNA-Seq, DL.
Optimisation of scheduled tasks by real-time measurement and correlation
Authors: Saydam Berkay , Orhan Cem , Toker Niyazi , Turasan Mansur
Published: August 2020

For functional safety, the scheduler should perform all time critical tasks in an order and within predefined deadlines in embedded systems. Scheduling of time critical tasks is determined by estimating their worst-case execution times. To justify the model design of task scheduling, it is required to simulate and visualise the task execution and scheduling maps. This helps to figure out possible problems before deploying the schedule model to real hardware. The simulation tools which are used by companies in an industry perform scheduling simulation and visualisation of all time critical tasks to design and verify the model. All of them lack the capability of comparing simulation results versus real results to achieve the optimised scheduling design. This sometimes leads the overestimated worst-case execution times and increased system cost. The aim of our study is to decrease the system cost with optimisation of scheduled tasks via using the static analysing method.

 

Keywords: Schedule visualisation, scheduler optimisation, functional safety, real-time systems, scheduler.
Innovative development of key sectors of economy based on the creation of technological parks in the Republic of Azerbaijan
Authors: Hasanov Niyazi , Akbulaev Nurkhodzha
Published: August 2020

The priorities of stabilisation of the Azerbaijan economy require the search for approaches to the organisation of production and economic activities on a new technological basis within the framework of the construction of structures of the Techno park type. This article is devoted to issues of innovative development of key sectors of economy on the basis of digitalisation and creation of technological parks in the Republic of Azerbaijan. This article examines the current situation of the digital economy, its characteristic features, analyses the state of Techno parks and various approaches to the use of the digital economy, as well as the prospects and trends of its development in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The aim of this article is to develop theoretical and practical issues related to the innovative development of key sectors of the economy on the basis of the introduction of scientific and technical structures of the Techno park type. The main result of this work is the allocation of opportunities for the further successful development of key sectors of the economy on the basis of the creation of technological parks in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The article considers theoretical and practical aspects of innovative development of economic sectors on the basis of introduction of scientific and technical structures of Techno park type. It is determined that one of the main problems of development of the country and its individual regions’ increase of investment attractiveness and innovation activity. It is proved that insufficient use of the scientific and technological potential of the country has been shown to be due to lack of organisational resources and organisational innovation.

 

Keywords: Technopark, digital economy, innovative infrastructure, information technologies.
Statistical analysis of radiomic features in differentiation of glioma grades
Authors: Cinarer Gokalp , Emiroglu Bulent Gursel
Published: August 2020

Radiomics is an important quantitative feature extraction tool used in many areas such as image processing and computer-aided diagnosis. In this study, the discriminability of brain cancer tumour grades (Grade II and Grade III) with radiomic features were analysed statistically. The data set consists of 121 patients, 77 patients with Grade II tumours and 44 patients with Grade III tumours. A total of 107 radiomic features were extracted, including three groups of radiomic features such as morphological, first-order and texture. Relationships between the characteristics of each group were tested by Spearman’s correlation analysis. Differences between Grade II and Grade III tumour categories were analysed with Mann–Whitney U test. According to the results, it was seen that radiomic features can be used to differentiate the features of tumour levels evaluated in the same category. These results show that by employing radiomic features brain cancer grade detection can help machine learning technologies and radiological analysis.

 

Keywords: Radiomics, glioma, image processing.
La periferia: fragmentos inestables de la ciudad vivida
Authors: Lindon Alicia
Published: August 2020

En este texto se presenta una aproximación teórico-metodológica a la periferia desde las experiencias espaciales cotidianas de sus habitantes. Ello supone una inversión múltiple del punto de vista frecuente en los estudios urbanos. Por un lado, el espacio y el tiempo se conciben en términos vividos.Por otro lado, se recurre a una inversión metodológica al tomar como aproximación a la realidad geográfica las narrativas de vida de los habitantes, es decir, los discursos sobre los lugares en vez de priorizar el registro de los lugares en sí mismos.

Para ello, en la primera parte se aborda la periferia como fragmentos densos que expresan estados inestables de lo urbano, siempre marcados por la tensión entre el cambio y el orden periféricos. Luego, la propuesta explora el abordaje de la periferia vivida a partir del análisis de las experiencias espaciales de los habitantes y sus biografías. Ello se revisa a través del anclaje periférico de los eventos biográficos de los habitantes de la periferia, tanto individuales como familiares, y también de la configuración de cronotopos periféricos en las narrativas locales.
Análisis multitemporal de la frontera fluvial entre Perú y Colombia mediante análisis de imágenes satelitales basado en objetos geográficos durante el período 1989-2015
Authors: Quiroga Olarte Leidy Johanna , Bohórquez Martha Patricia , Santa Guzmán Luis Fernando
Published: August 2020

Para este trabajo se propone una metodología semiautomatizada para el estudio de la dinámica fluvial de grandes ríos mediante el análisis multitemporal de imágenes satelitales basado en objetos geográficos (GEOBIA). El método brinda interoperabilidad directa con los sistemas de información geográfica, permite la cuantificación de la variación de las formas en superficie existentes y es eficiente en tiempo de cómputo. Los resultados obtenidos con esta metodología se verifican con datos tomados en campo. La metodología se aplica a la dinámica del río Amazonas, que ha generado conflicto entre Perú y Colombia debido a que el río fue establecido como la línea limítrofe que separa estos dos países. Los resultados muestran las repercusiones en superficie en cuanto a los cambios en las islas de arena, la erosión y la dinámica en el fondo del canal durante el período 1989-2015, causada por la carga de sedimentos y el movimiento del thalweg. En la validación con el estudio de campo se encontró un 99,2% de exactitud entre lo estimado y lo existente.
Percepciones sobre fenómenos volcánicos: elementos para la gestión del riesgo en Colombia
Authors: Hernandez Peña Yolanda Teresa , Vargas Cuervo German , Zafra Mejía Carlos Alfonso
Published: August 2020

La teoría cultural del riesgo establece que cada sociedad construye, a partir de diferentes referentes históricos y simbólicos, una percepción diferencial sobre los riesgos que eventualmente los pueden afectar. De esta manera se genera todo un edificio simbólico alrededor de las amenazas circundantes, las propias vulnerabilidades y la generación de espacios denominados “de seguridad relativa”, aspectos de importancia que se relacionan con posibles brechas entre las políticas de prevención y gestión emanadas de las autoridades territoriales y las percepciones y reacciones locales de las comunidades afectadas. En efecto, al analizar el caso de las dinámicas socioculturales en zonas de influencia de fenómenos volcánicos es posible encontrar procesos de construcción colectiva para la creación de una percepción común sobre el nivel de riesgo aceptable. El objetivo del presente artículo es evidenciar las distintas percepciones que existen alrededor de los fenómenos volcánicos en Colombia y su relación con estrategias emanadas de las entidades oficiales encargadas de su gestión. La investigación se fundamentó en un enfoque etnográfico complementado con un análisis documental. Se destaca que el 80% de los miembros de las comunidades indígenas entrevistados no establecen una brecha entre el binarismo naturaleza-cultura y relativizan la amenaza volcánica. Este tipo de evidencia señala que los modelos y estrategias de gestión generadas desde la política pública deben ahondar en estas construcciones culturales para entender cómo se generan los espacios de seguridad relativa.
Nunca hemos sido animales. El posthumanismo de Heidegger
Authors: Crowell Steven
Published: August 2020

La pregunta por la relación entre el Dasein y el ser humano nunca fue adecuadamente caracterizada en Ser y tiempo. En la década siguiente a esta publicación, Heidegger examinó este problema cuando trata de elaborar una “metafísica” fundada fenomenológicamente. Un momento crucial en este intento se encuentra en su reflexión acerca del animal en su curso magistral de 1929/30, Conceptos fundamentales de la metafísica. Este escrito explora el tratamiento heideggeriano de la diferencia entre el animal (incluyendo al homo sapiens) y el “Dasein en nosotros”. Esto es hecho en diálogo con un reciente ejemplo de lo que yo denomino “bio-posthumanismo”, el punto de vista de que normativamente no existe una distinción significativa a considerar entre el ser humano y otros animales. Surge de esta manera una imagen del post-humanismo fenomenologico de Heidegger.
The Incidence Rate of Helminthiasis in The Digestive Tract of Dairy Cattle in The Partnership of PT. Greenfields Indonesia
Authors: Azizah Wenny Nur , Chrismanto Dony , Madyawati Sri Pantja , Eliyani Hana
Published: August 2020

Background: One of the partnerships of PT. Greenfields Indonesia is located on the slopes of Mount Kawi, precisely in Pijiombo, Ngadirenggo Village, Wlingi District, Blitar Regency. The tropical situation in this area is very humid and has high rainfall. It causes dairy cattle to be infected with helminths. Therefore, observations of the incidence rate of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in dairy cattle are needed. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in dairy cattle in the partnership of PT. Greenfields Indonesia. Method: Fecal samples from 36 dairy cattle were collected and examined using native, sedimentation, and flotation techniques. Result: Indicated that the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in the dairy cattle was about 66,66%. There were 24 dairy cattle positively and 12 cattle negatively. Helminth species found included class Nematoda (Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Mecistocirrus digitatus, and Gaigeria pachyscelis) and Cestoda (Moniezia expansa). Conclusion: The incidence rate of helminthiasis was quite high dairy cattle in the partnership of PT. Greenfields Indonesia.
Bacterial Pollution Levels In Broiler Chicken Meat For Sale In The Market Of Bauntung Banjarbaru
Authors: Herliani Herliani , Hidayat Muhammad Ilmi
Published: August 2020

This research aims to find out how high the level of bacterial contamination found in broiler chicken meat sold at the Bauntung Market, Banjarbaru. The method used in this research is the sampling method to determine the sample using the random sampling method used to determine the experimental test sample. This sampling was carried out for three days at 8:00 AM and 11:00 PM. The variables observed in this study were physical observation, the number of bacteria (TPC), and the type of bacteria. The data obtained were then performed a t-test (paired samples test) using a variety of SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) program analysis 18. Laboratory analysis was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University. The results obtained indicate that there are significant differences in Sig. (2-tailed) (<0.05) between the collection times of the number of bacteria, so it can be concluded that the average level of bacterial contamination at the time of collection at 07.00 am lower than at 10:00 noon. Which is 2.13 x 109 cfu / g and 5.81 x 109 cfu / g. The whole sample taken at 07.00 am did not exceed the threshold, while taken at 10:00 noon had exceeded the threshold required by SNI. Bacterial contaminants that grow on EMBA and SSA media include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter, Shigella sp., Salmonella sp., and Providencia.
Potential of Fungi Isolate as a Biological Control of White Root Disease (Rigidoporus sp.) on Rubber Plant
Authors: Mariana Mariana , Dewi Kurnia Utami , Samharinto Samharinto , Budi Ismed Setya
Published: August 2020

Rigidoporus Sp. is a white root fungus which is the main diseases problems on rubber plants in the wet and dry lands of South Kalimantan. An economically and ecologically beneficial control solution for this problem soil contagion was by using antagonistic fungi. This research was aimed to study the potential of rhizosphere and endophytic fungi in swampland, to control white root fungus on rubber plants.  The research used exploratory method. Rhizospheric fungi were explored from swamp rubber plant roots at Pulau Damar village Hulu Sungai Utara District; endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves and jelutung swamps (Dyera lowii) which is rubber-like plants. The isolates found then were screened based on the percentage of inhibition using the dual culture method between pathogens and test isolates, also observed the interaction mechanism and viability test. The research in the laboratory was arranged using a Completely Randomized Design with one factor i.e. the type of antagonistic fungi. Five isolates which had the highest inhibitory power were isolates I13K4R, I7K3R, I1K2R, I6K2R, and I1E with successive inhibitions 95.00%, 83.00%, 76.50%, 62.50% and 53.00%. Thus, isolates have included potential antagonistic agents because they had the ability in space competition more than 50% and proven to be able to paralyze Rigidoporus. The viability test results showed that the isolate that had germination capability of more than 60% were respectively I13K4R 88.05%, I7K3R 87.33%, I1K2R 86.93%, I6K2R 72.85%, and I1E 74.78%.
Conséquences des traitements technologiques sur la qualité de la viande
Authors: OUALI A.
Published: August 2020

Le poids des technologies dans la définition des qualités organoleptiques des viandes est indéniable. Parmi ces qualités, nous avons choisi de nous intéresser plus particulièrement à la tendreté et au processus d’attendrissage puisque, chez le bovin, cette caractéristique constitue le facteur limitant le plus important de l’acceptabilité par le consommateur. Cette revue tente de tracer un panorama des effets des conditions de réfrigération, de la congélation, de la vitesse de chute de pH, de la stimulation électrique et des promoteurs de croissance sur la tendreté de la viande. Concernant la température, il apparaît que des conditions de réfrigération trop douces ou trop rapides conduisent à une diminution de la tendreté. Vitesse de chute du pH et température étant étroitement interdépendantes, une relation similaire a été établie entre la tendreté finale et la vitesse d’acidification du muscle, des vitesses trop rapides de chute du pH (abaissement de la température très lent) ou trop lentes (abaissement de la température très rapide) conduisant à l’obtention de viandes plus dures. La tendreté de la viande sera donc optimum dans des conditions de réfrigération intermédiaires entre ces deux extrêmes. La congélation de muscles post-rigor affecte principalement la rétention d’eau et cette qualité sera d’autant mieux préservée que la congélation sera rapide et la décongélation lente. Par contre, ce traitement semble accélérer le processus d’attendrissage, probablement au travers de l’altération, par les cristaux de glace de la structure contractile et des protéines myofibrillaires elles-mêmes. La stimulation électrique des carcasses en basse (20 à 100 V) ou en haute tension (500 à 700 V) qui permet de prévenir l’apparition du phénomène de contracture au froid, n’a un effet bénéfique sur la tendreté que lorsqu’elle est associée à une réfrigération rapide. Associée à une réfrigération lente, elle conduit en effet à un durcissement de la viande. Quelle que soit leur nature, les promoteurs de croissance semblent avoir des effets néfastes sur les qualités de la viande et plus particulièrement la tendreté.
Aptitude à la coagulation du lait de vache : influence de l’alimentation. Etude réalisée dans 6 exploitations du Pays de Thônes (Haute-Savoie)
Authors: MARTIN B. , COULON J.B.
Published: August 2020

L’étude réalisée entre janvier et juillet 1989 dans six exploitations laitières réalisant du Reblochon fermier dans le Pays de Thônes (Haute-Savoie) a permis de décrire les variations des principaux paramètres de l’aptitude à la coagulation des laits individuels et de troupeau (temps de coagulation, vitesse de raffermissement, fermeté du gel) et de les relier aux caractéristiques quantitatives de l’alimentation hivernale des animaux (bilans énergétique, azoté et minéral). Ces mesures ont permis de montrer les particularités des conduites alimentaires des troupeaux de cette région où globalement, les apports alimentaires hivernaux ont été largement supérieurs aux besoins des animaux (+ 1 à + 25 %). Les excédents se sont accompagnés de déséquilibres des apports azotés (excès de PDIE par rapport aux PDIN) et minéraux (excès de calcium par rapport au phosphore) et ont surtout été marqués (excédents énergétiques de l’ordre de 20 %) dans les exploitations caractérisées par des laits de qualité beaucoup plus variable au cours de l’année. A l’échelle des troupeaux (n = 6) comme à l’échelle de l’individu (n = 160), il n’a cependant pas été possible, dans la limite des données disponibles, de mettre en relation l’aptitude à la coagulation du lait avec les bilans alimentaires des animaux. L’étude des laits individuels a par contre permis de confirmer l’influence du stade physiologique des animaux et du pH initial du lait sur ses paramètres de coagulation. Les caractéristiques des laits des troupeaux ont été très liées à l’exploitation et d’autres facteurs, alimentaires, ou non pourraient être en cause pour expliquer les différences d’aptitude du lait à la coagulation.
Pâturage pour vaches laitières. Effets du chargement et de la complémentation en pâturage tournant simplifié
Authors: HODEN A. , MULLER A. , PEYRAUD J.L. , DELABY L. , FAVERDIN P. , PECCATTE J.R. , FARGETTON M.
Published: August 2020

Trois essais, chacun d’une durée moyenne de 6 mois, ont été répétés de 1986 à 1988 sur les mêmes surfaces du domaine INRA du Pin au Haras selon la technique du pâturage tournant simplifié (2 parcelles au printemps, 4 en automne). Ils ont concerné un total de 162 vaches d’un haut niveau de production à la mise à l’herbe (30,0 kg/j de lait en moyenne). Les comparaisons ont porté sur l’influence de 3 niveaux de chargement correspondant à 100 (Témoin = 2,3 vaches/ ha), 115 (Fort = 2,6 vaches/ha) et 130 (Très fort = 3,0 vaches/ha) % du témoin, en interaction avec 2 niveaux H (Haut = 3,7 kg/j/vache) et B (Bas = 0,5 kg) d’aliment concentré. Les productions individuelles ne sont pas significativement différentes entre chargements et n’ont diminué que de 5 % entre les extrêmes (20,3 pour le Très Fort contre 21,3 kg lait 4 % pour le Témoin). La production de lait à l’hectare a augmenté de 23 % avec le chargement Très Fort (9800 contre environ 8000 kg lait 4 % avec le Témoin). La complémentation a permis une amélioration moyenne des productions de 9 % (21,8 avec le niveau Haut contre 20,0 kg lait 4 % avec le Bas, P < 0,01). Cette réponse tend à s’améliorer avec le niveau de production des vaches à la mise à l’herbe et l’augmentation du chargement. Les mesures effectuées sur l’herbe pâturée permettent de mieux appréhender sa valorisation par les vaches.
Les cannes de maïs dans l’alimentation des ruminants. Utilisation des cannes traitées à l’ammoniac et à l’urée par des bovins à besoins modérés
Authors: CHENOST M. , LAFAYE D. , BOISSAU J.M. , CHAISE J.P. , L’HOTELIER L.
Published: August 2020

Les cannes de maïs récoltées en balles rondes derrière la moissonneuse-batteuse et conservées par injection de 3 kg d’ammoniac pour 100 kg de matière sèche de canne peuvent constituer l’essentiel (80 %) de la ration hivernale de génisses laitières à viande en croissance modérée et de vaches à viande en gestation-lactation. Distribuées à volonté en l’état (elles sont déjà grossièrement hachées à la récolte), les quantités qui en sont ingérées, toutefois moins élevées que les spathes traitées (UEB de 1,60 contre 1,30), permettent :- à des génisses laitières et à viande, recevant 1,5 kg de céréales et 100 g de CMV (15-15) soufré par jour, de réaliser des croîts de l’ordre de 400 g/j lorsqu’elles ont 2 ans et de 500 à 600 g/j lorsqu’elles ont un an. Si l’objectif de croissance est plus élevé, il conviendra d’ajouter une source d’azote peu fermentescible (300 à 500 g/j de tourteau de soja) ;- à des vaches à viande en fin de gestation - début lactation recevant 1,5 puis 2 kg de céréales à partir du vêlage et 180 g du même CMV de limiter leur perte de poids entre le vêlage et la mise à l’herbe à 30 kg, perte tout à fait acceptable dans le cas de vêlages précoces. Les performances de reproduction enregistrées sur 3 années d’observation, les condition de vêlage, le poids des veaux à la naissance et leur vitalité ne sont pas affectés.
Choix de l’âge à la castration en production de viande bovine semi-intensive
Authors: MULLER A. , MICOL D. , PECCATTE J.R. , DOZIAS D.
Published: August 2020

La production de bovins à viande à partir de ressources herbagères utilise essentiellement des animaux mâles castrés. Le fait que l’animal entier présente un potentiel de croissance supérieur a conduit à recommander, pour cette production, un âge à la castration tardif au risque de pénaliser fortement l’animal, lors de cette opération, s’il atteint un développement déjà important. Le but des études conduites au Domaine INRA du Pin au Haras a été de préciser les effets d’une castration à 9 ou à 13 mois sur la production de boeufs à partir d’herbe. Ce facteur a été étudié en interrelation avec d’autres facteurs d’élevage au cours de trois essais consécutifs : précocité des génotypes des animaux, niveau d’alimentation au cours de l’hiver, âge à l’abattage. Il ressort globalement que l’âge à la castration dans la plage étudiée modifie assez peu les caractéristiques finales des animaux. De nombreuses interactions avec les autres facteurs étudiés et des compensations entre les diverses périodes de la vie productive semblent réduire les effets attendus de l’âge à la castration. Cependant les carcasses des animaux castrés les plus tard semblent présenter un état d’engraissement moindre à l’abattage. En définitive, au sein des élevages, le choix de l’âge à la castration aux environs d’un an dépendra surtout de la faisabilité et de la pénibilité de l’opération pour l’animal.
Aspect clinique et fréquence des boiteries du dindon de chair
Authors: CHEREL Y. , RESCH C. , WYERS M.
Published: August 2020

Les troubles locomoteurs ont été étudiés chez le dindon de 15 semaines en décrivant la position et la marche d’animaux normaux puis en analysant les différences observées chez les animaux boiteux. Les différents troubles peuvent être classés en 7 groupes : le premier correspond à des anomalies exclusivement dynamiques (tremblements et couchés fréquents), deux groupes sont caractérisés par des malpositions des genoux (écartement bilatéral des genoux, écartement unilatéral d’un genou), trois groupes sont caractérisés par des malpositions des pieds (rotation externe des pieds, déplacement médio-crânial du pied, déviation médiale du pied) et un groupe est caractérisé par des déviations latérales des membres. La fréquence des boiteries, estimée dans 22 élevages, est de 52 % + 15 %. L’intensité des troubles est indépendante de la fréquence. Les troubles locomoteurs de la dinde en croissance semblent très différents des déformations osseuses associées au varus ou au valgus qui sont observées chez le poulet.
Les élevages de bovins allaitants spécialisés sont profondément affectés par la crise bovine. Evolution 1989/90 et à plus long terme d’un groupe d’élevages du Charolais Central. Première analyse sommaire
Authors: LHERM M. , BÉBIN D. , LIÉNARD G.
Published: August 2020

Après seulement deux années de répit (1988-1989), la production de viande bovine française et européenne, entre à nouveau, en 1990, dans une nouvelle crise, qui se manifeste par une importante chute des cours (- 7 % entre 1989 et 1990, - 15 % en été 1991). Celle-ci affecte particulièrement les exploitations spécialisées ayant des vaches allaitantes, compromettant leur avenir. L’étude présente l’évolution des résultats technico-économiques d’un groupe de 95 élevages charolais des zones herbagères centrales françaises (Nièvre, Creuse, Saône-et-Loire, Allier) disposant de bonnes structures de production (119 hectares, 63 vaches, 120 UGB). Le revenu chute de 27 % entre 1989 et 1990, malgré les aides, et malgré une augmentation de la productivité du travail, qui atteint en moyenne 18 000 kg de viande vive par travailleur. L’analyse de l’évolution à long terme de ces exploitations montre une forte augmentation de la production de viande par UTH (+ 40 % en Nièvre entre 1978 et 1990, + 32 % en Creuse entre 1981 et 1990) obtenue grâce à une amélioration du chargement des surfaces fourragères et surtout à l’agrandissement continu des exploitations. Ceci n’a pas empêché une baisse des revenus, de l’ordre de 21 % par rapport à 1978 et de 30 % par rapport à 1981. Comment, dans ces conditions, résoudre le problème de la capitalisation nécessaire pour accroître le cheptel et réaliser les équipements indispensables à une bonne efficacité du travail, et pour permettre la transmission des entreprises, sans générer un endettement excessif qui hypothèque l’avenir ? Dans ces régions où domine l’herbe, les solutions de remplacement moins exigeantes en capitaux, rencontrent également des difficultés économiques, que ce soient les ovins dont le prix (en francs constants) a été divisé par 2 en 10 ans, ou les céréales et les oléoprotéagineux dont les rendements sont aléatoires et les prix également en baisse tendancielle. Les mesures d’extensification proposées par la CEE sont également mal adaptées à ces zones déjà peu productives. Des mesures spécifiques seraient nécessaires pour préserver ces exploitations qui représentent un potentiel de viande de qualité et qui constituent la base de l’entretien du territoire et du maintien de la vie sociale de ces zones défavorisées.
Maîtrise de la composition du lait : influence des facteurs nutritionnels sur la quantité et les taux de matières grasses et protéiques
Authors: HODEN A. , COULON J.B.
Published: August 2020

La composition chimique du lait dépend de facteurs liés à l’animal et au milieu. Parmi ces derniers, l’alimentation joue un rôle important : elle permet d’agir à court terme et de manière différente sur les taux de matières grasses et de protéines. Le taux protéique varie dans le même sens que les apports énergétiques (+ 0,6 g/kg par UFL supplémentaire aux alentours des recommandations). Il peut aussi être amélioré par des apports spécifiques en acides aminés (lysine et méthionine). Il est presque toujours diminué par l’adjonction de lipides, même protégés, dans la ration. Le taux butyreux dépend à la fois de la part d’aliment concentré dans la ration (et, quand celle-ci est élevée, de la nature de ces aliments concentrés), et du mode de présentation et de distribution de la ration (finesse de hachage, nombre de repas, mélange des aliments). Il peut être sensiblement augmenté par l’utilisation de certains aliments (ensilage de maïs, betteraves, lactosérum) ou additifs (substances tampons, monopropylène glycol). Il est donc possible de modifier sensiblement et dans des sens opposés le taux butyreux et le taux protéique. Dans l’avenir, des moyens synthétiques et objectifs d’appréciation de la qualité des rations (indice de fibrosité) devraient permettre d’améliorer la gestion des variations de ces taux.
WUJUD KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM BENTUK DAN FUNGSI FOLKLOR LISAN BANYUMAS
Authors: Lelono Bambang , Widjatini Roch
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is for inventory the forms of verbal folklores in Banyumas. Banyumas known by various predicates, one of which is the uniqueness of the language and culture. Banyumas dialect called ngapak language that are characteristic of the Banyumas. There is a typical expression of the living Banyumas although not as strong as Banyumas dialect, proverbs form of expression is “ora ilok”. The are more folklore, the origin of which Baturaden. This is a form of local wisdom in Banyumas verbal folklore. Method used in this research is ethnography method. The result of analysis said that Ngapak banyumas or dialects used in every day communication among people in Banyumas informal situations. As for the phrase “ora ilok” inBanyumas is a tradition that should be preserved because it contains the teachings of morality. Folklore about the origin Baturaden now a tourist spot as one of nature's assets in Banyumas district area.
Backmatter (Copyright Transfer Agreement Form, Publication Ethics, Submission Information)
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: August 2020

Backmatter Volume 11, Issue 1 June 2020
Study of Proportions Seaweed Eucheuma cottonii L. and Cooking Time on Quality of Functional of Seaweed Dodol
Authors: Hermawan David , Warkoyo Warkoyo , Jasmine Claudia , Pakpahan Okta Pringga
Published: August 2020

Seaweed as a source of nutrition contains carbohydrates, protein, lipid and ash. Ones of ingredients that works for healthy were dietary fiber. Eucheuma cottonii seaweed contains carrageenan, which can act as a stabilizer, a material thickening, gelling agent, and emulsifiers. This research is aim to know the level of resilience Dodol with the proportion of seaweed and cooking time. The study was conducted using a randomized block design consisting of two factors. The first factor is proportions seaweed thickener composition, glutinous rice flour, rice flour (30:35:30, 40:25:20, 50:15:10), the second factor is cooking time (20, 30, 40 minutes) repeated three times. The observations parameter includes moisture content, ash content, protein, lipid, crude fiber, and texture.The research results showed that has interaction between the proportion of seaweed and cooking time. The proportion of seaweed and cooking time gives effect to the moisture content and the texture of dodol seaweed. The proportions give effect to the moisture content, ash, lipid, crude fibre, and texture while treatment cooking time gives effect to the moisture content, ash, protein, lipid, and texture of dodol seaweed. The best treatment is produced by treatment of 50 g of seaweed: 15 g of glutinous rice: 10 g of rice flour and 40 minutes cooking time with the result 62.10% moisture content, 3.32% ash content, 2.42% protein, 3.25% lipid, 5.20% crude fibre, 76.70 N texture.
Antibacterial Activity of Haslea ostrearia Supernatant Adapted in Indonesia against Pathogenic Bacteria Relevant to Mariculture (In-Vitro Study)
Authors: Permatasari Ikfa , Prasetiya Fiddy Semba , Arsad Sulastri , Agung Mochamad Untung Kurnia , Mouget Jean-Luc
Published: August 2020

Haslea ostrearia has known as the only diatom which synthesizes a water-soluble blue pigment, marennine. It has some biological activities such as allelopathy, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and growth inhibitor. Marennine is available in two forms, intracellular which located in the apical of the cell and extracellular which released into the culture medium. This research aimed to test the bioactivity of Haslea ostrearia supernatant adapted in Indonesia as an antibacterial against pathogenic bacteria relevant to marine culture using in-vitro study. This research was using an explorative method, data analysed statistically and descriptive-comparatively observed. Observation parameters were the inhibitory zone of antibacterial activity, absorbance value of MIC test, and bacterial growth qualitatively from MBC test. Marennine concentration in the supernatant of Haslea ostrearia adapted in Indonesia is about 3.74 mg. L-1. The highest concentration supernatant of Haslea ostrearia that shown antibacterial activity is 3.5 mg. L-1 with inhibitory zone diameter is about 6.87 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 7.14 mm for Vibrio harveyi, correspondingly. The minimum concentration that inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus is 0.03 mg. L-1, while for Vibrio harveyi is 0.06 mg. L-1. Antibacterial activity of supernatant Haslea ostrearia originally adapted in Indonesia classified into bacteriostatic
KAJIAN SIFAT FISIK, KIMIA DAN SENSORIS CRACKERS SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG SUKUN (Artocarpus communis) TERMODIFIKASI ASAM ASETAT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SARI DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius)
Authors: Astuti Dwi , Kawiji Kawiji , Nurhartadi Edhi
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of substitution of acetic acid modified breadfruit flour with the addition of pandan leaves extract against physic, chemical and sensory characteristic of crackers and determine their antioxidant activity on crackers. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor substitution of acetic acid modified breadfruit flour. Sensory data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, if there is a difference it was followed with significance test using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at significance level of 0,05. The results showed that substitution of acetic acid modified breadfruit flour did not significantly affect the physical characteristic (hardness), chemical characteristics such as moisture content, ash, protein, carbohydrate and antioxidant activity of crackers. However, the substitution of acetic acid modified breadfruit flour affected the levels of fat, crude fiber, sensory characteristics (colour, flavor, taste, texture and overall) of crackers. The antioxidant activity of crackers is about 3.27%-4.16%.