bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genes significantly associated with an improved prognosis and long-term survival of glioblastoma
Authors: Yoon Hong Gyu , Cheong Jin Hwan , Ryu Je Il , Won Yu Deok , Min Kyueng-Whan , Han Myung-Hoon
Published: November 2023

Background and purpose

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most devastating brain tumor with less than 5% of patients surviving 5 years following diagnosis. Many studies have focused on the genetics of GBM with the aim of improving the prognosis of GBM patients. We investigated specific genes whose expressions are significantly related to both the length of the overall survival and the progression-free survival in patients with GBM.

Methods

We obtained data for 12,042 gene mRNA expressions in 525 GBM tissues from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Among those genes, we identified independent genes significantly associated with the prognosis of GBM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the genes significant for predicting the long-term survival of patients with GBM. Bioinformatics analysis was also performed for the significant genes.

Results

We identified 33 independent genes whose expressions were significantly associated with the prognosis of 525 patients with GBM. Among them, the expressions of five genes were independently associated with an improved prognosis of GBM, and the expressions of 28 genes were independently related to a poorer prognosis of GBM. The expressions of the ADAM22, ATP5C1, RAC3, SHANK1, AEBP1, C1RL, CHL1, CHST2, EFEMP2, and PGCP genes were either positively or negatively related to the long-term survival of GBM patients.

Conclusions

Using a large-scale and open database, we found genes significantly associated with both the prognosis and long-term survival of patients with GBM. We believe that our findings may contribute to improving the understanding of the mechanisms underlying GBM.
A cohort-based study of host gene expression: tumor suppressor and innate immune/inflammatory pathways associated with the HIV reservoir size
Authors: Dwivedi Ashok K. , Gornalusse Germán G. , Siegel David A. , Barbehenn Alton , Thanh Cassandra , Hoh Rebecca , Hobbs Kristen S. , Pan Tony , Gibson Erica A. , Martin Jeffrey , Hecht Frederick , Pilcher Christopher , Milush Jeffrey , Busch Michael P. , Stone Mars , Huang Meei-Li , Reppetti Julieta , Vo Phuong M. , Levy Claire N. , Roychoudhury Pavitra , Jerome Keith R. , Hladik Florian , Henrich Timothy J. , Deeks Steven G. , Lee Sulggi A.
Published: November 2023

The major barrier to an HIV cure is the HIV reservoir: latently-infected cells that persist despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). There have been few cohort-based studies evaluating host genomic or transcriptomic predictors of the HIV reservoir. We performed host RNA sequencing and HIV reservoir quantification (total DNA [tDNA], unspliced RNA [usRNA], intact DNA) from peripheral CD4+ T cells from 191 ART-suppressed people with HIV (PWH). After adjusting for nadir CD4+ count, timing of ART initiation, and genetic ancestry, we identified two host genes for which higher expression was significantly associated with smaller total DNA viral reservoir size, P3H3 and NBL1, both known tumor suppressor genes. We then identified 17 host genes for which lower expression was associated with higher residual transcription (HIV usRNA). These included novel associations with membrane channel (KCNJ2, GJB2), inflammasome (IL1A, CSF3, TNFAIP5, TNFAIP6, TNFAIP9, CXCL3, CXCL10), and innate immunity (TLR7) genes (FDR-adjusted q<0.05). Gene set enrichment analyses further identified significant associations of HIV usRNA with TLR4/microbial translocation (q = 0.006), IL-1/NRLP3 inflammasome (q = 0.008), and IL-10 (q = 0.037) signaling. Protein validation assays using ELISA and multiplex cytokine assays supported these observed inverse host gene correlations, with P3H3, IL-10, and TNF-α protein associations achieving statistical significance (p<0.05). Plasma IL-10 was also significantly inversely associated with HIV DNA (p = 0.016). HIV intact DNA was not associated with differential host gene expression, although this may have been due to a large number of undetectable values in our study. To our knowledge, this is the largest host transcriptomic study of the HIV reservoir. Our findings suggest that host gene expression may vary in response to the transcriptionally active reservoir and that changes in cellular proliferation genes may influence the size of the HIV reservoir. These findings add important data to the limited host genetic HIV reservoir studies to date.
Analysing the influence of accounting conventions on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya
Authors: Macharia Mercy Wangari , Ronald Martin Onsiro
Published: November 2023

The collapse of some commercial banks in Kenya in the recent past has raised the question of the credibility of financial information as a tool for investors to make informed decisions. The study sought to analyse the disclosure practices of accounting conventions on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The following specific objectives guided the study: to establish the influence of the disclosure, consistency, prudence and materiality of financial reports on the performance of commercial banks in Kenya. A cross-sectional survey was adopted. The target population was 42 respondents who formed the sample size by the census method. The data was collected through questionnaires, secondary data and annual reports and analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The finding shows a moderate positive relationship between disclosure and the performance of commercial banks. The relationship is significant (r = 0.322, p>0.01). The result shows a moderate positive relationship between consistency and performance of commercial banks. The relationship is significant (r = 0.369, p>0.01). The results also show a moderate positive relationship between prudence and the performance of commercial banks at a significance of (r=0.500, p>0.01). On establishing the relationship between materiality and performance of commercial banks, it was found there is a moderate positive relationship with a significance of (r = 0.317, p>0.01). Respondents indicated that the consistency of financial reports has little effect on the net profit of commercial banks. Respondents indicated that prudence of financial reports leads to better organisational performance. The materiality of financial reports affects organisation performance. Prudence in financial reporting affected the decision-making among the investors in the banking industry. The study recommends that commercial banks' management ensure transparency, honesty, consistency and reliability during financial reporting.
DETERMINATION OF FREE AMINO ACIDS IN UNDERGROUND ORGANS OF ELEUTHEROCOCCUS SENTICOSUS RUPR. ET MAXIM
Authors: Komarova Aitalyyna Kuo Aleksandrovna , Stepanova Tatyana Alekseevna , Prokopyev Ilya Andreevich
Published: November 2023

A study of free amino acids in the underground organs of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Eleutherococcus senticosus Rupr. et Maxim, family Araliaceae) was carried out. The material for the study was samples of rhizomes and roots of Eleutherococcus collected in the Amur Region, Jewish Autonomous Region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories.

Amino acids were determined by GC-MS. According to the results of studies, from two to nine amino acids were found in the rhizomes and roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus, of which 6 are nonessential (alanine, proline, serine, glutamine, pyroglutamic acid, aspartic acid) and 3 are essential (valine, leucine, threonine). The total content of amino acids in the studied samples averaged 20.1 mg/100 g. It was revealed that the dominant group is heterocyclic amino acids, the representatives of which include proline and pyroglutamic acid. The average content of proline and pyroglutamic acid was 4.9 and 7.1 mg/100 g, respectively. Based on a comparative analysis of the amino acid composition of ten samples, it was shown that the amino acid composition of the rhizomes and roots of Eleutherococcus from different populations varies. As a result of a cluster analysis based on the content of amino acids in the studied samples, two groups are distinguished: samples from the Khabarovsk Territory - Amur Region, samples from the Primorsky Territory - Jewish Autonomous Region (Leninsky District).
PAPER AND THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS IN PLANT RAW MATERIALS (REVIEW). MESSAGE 1
Authors: Kompantseva Evgenia Vladimirovna , Saushkina Anna Stepanovna
Published: November 2023

Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCC) are one of the types of biologically active compounds (BAC) synthesized by plants. Along with carbohydrates and proteins, HCCs are the most common compounds in the plant world and are found in almost all higher plants in free form, as part of esters and glycosides. Although the pharmacological activity of most HCCs has not been studied enough yet, however, its spectrum is quite wide.

Many wild plants, which are currently used mainly in ethnoscience and traditional medicine, are cheap, affordable raw materials that are promising for introduction into the medical and pharmaceutical practice of our country as potential medicines. Therefore, the search for new plant species that are interesting for detailed study and the creation of modern medicines containing HCC on their basis is an scientific research area of current interest.

The review is devoted to the study and systematization of paper and thin-layer chromatography methods used to determine the composition of HCC in plant raw materials growing on the territory of the Russian Federation as a potential raw material base of polyphenolic compounds.

The review uses 80 sources of domestic scientific literature for the period from 2007 to 2022 inclusive, which show the results of the use of thin-layer (TLC) and paper (PC) chromatography for the study, identification and standardization of plant raw materials by the content of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCC).

The research method used was a retrospective information and analytical analysis of the of Russian scientific literature sources.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF PLANTS OF THE GENUS VITEX L. (LAMIACEAE)
Authors: Volodina Svetlana Olegovna , Nekrasova Elena Vladimirovna , Vu Thi Loan , Ochagova Aleksandra Yur'yevna , Topkova Oksana Vladimirovna , Volodin Vladimir Vital'yevich
Published: November 2023

A comparative phytochemical study of selected species of the genus Vitex L. (Lamiaceae) (V. agnus-castus, V. canescens, V. negundo, V. tripinnata) from the flora of Russia and Vietnam out was carried. The largest amount of extractive compounds was obtained from the leaves of V. agnus-castus when extracted with 60 % ethanol. Color reactions with Trim Hill and Stahl reagents, as well as thin-layer chromatography data, showed a high content of iridoids in extracts of leaves of V. agnus-castus and V. negundo and their low content (or absence) in V. tripinnata and V. canescens leaf extracts. The greatest amount of polyphenols and flavonoids is contained in the extract of the leaves of V. agnus-castus. The smaller amount of polyphenols is found in the leaves of V. canescens, and least amount of flavonoids is found in the leaves of V. tripinnata. All Vitex samples studied are characterized by an increased content of essential trace elements – iron, copper and zinc, and the leaves of V. tripinnata are also high in cobalt. High antiradical activity of all leaf samples of Vitex species was established. The relationship between the content of secondary metabolites and the position of species on the molecular phylogenetic tree of the genus Vitex is shown, which makes it possible to develop a chemotaxonomic forecast for search species of this genus with an increased content of biologically active compounds of a certain class (iridoids, polyphenols, phytoecdysteroids) for further pharmacological studies.
The Other Fifty Percent: Expressions from Special Education Teachers about Why They Persist in the Profession
Authors: Scott LaRon , Powell Christine , Bruno Lauren , Cormier Christopher , Hall Kendra , Brendli Katherine , Taylor Joshua
Published: November 2023

We examined reasons special educators are motivated to persist in the profession despite challenges that often lead to attrition for this group. Participants were 21 special education teachers with six or more years of teaching experience across multiple grade levels. Data were collected via the Zoom virtual meeting platform with four focus groups. Semi-structured interview techniques were used, and data were analyzed using deductive coding procedures. Participants shared external, employment, and personal factors associated with Billingsley’s (1993) career decision framework that influenced their persistence, such as supports from school administrators with expertise in special education law, passion for students and their achievement, and stressors related to the workforce that motivated them to persist in the profession. Implications for educational practice and future research are discussed.
Length of transfer time between connecting trains – is there an ideal value?
Authors: Froněk Jan , Chlumecký Jaroslav , Vymětal Daniel
Published: November 2023

Quality public transport is an essential part of global mobility. In general, there is an effort to ensure that as many transport users as possible use public transport. The public transport subsystems also include rail transport. Nowadays, traveling by train is not only a matter of overcoming longer distances in national and international transport, but also a matter of daily commuting to work, school or service. Suburban rail transport is usually part of integrated transport systems, the principle of which is the possibility to use several types of means of transport in one journey per ticket. An indicator of the proper functioning of these systems is the existence of quality and convenient transfer dates times and reliable transfer links that minimize waiting times and total time spent on transportation. Within these systems, there is no network-specific maximum transfer time, which usually depends on the technical solution of the transfer point, the distance that passengers have to cover between vehicles or check-in technology (for example, front door boarding, turnstiles, etc.). the ideal value of the transfer time in terms of the probability that the passenger will not miss the connection and at the same time represents different aspects of the view of this issue. This is on the specific route Ostrava – Prague, which is the busiest in the Czech Republic. Within it, two reference links will be selected (one for each direction), the mean value of the delay in the stations with connections and other statistical indicators will be determined. Furthermore, a simulation of train delays is created using the Monte Carlo method, from which the probability of a connection is determined and subsequently the degree of dissatisfaction with the route is determined while maintaining the current connections. From which a transfer time is subsequently identified in which the probability of passing is as low as possible, but at the same time in normal situations passengers do not have to wait too long.
Simulation assessment of the headway under the ETCS L3
Authors: Nachtigall Petr , Tischer Erik
Published: November 2023

This paper deals with a simulation assessment of the impact of the introduction of ETCS L2 and L3 on the capacity of railway lines. The simulation itself is carried out in the OpenTrack simulation software, especially in the tool headway calculator. For this research, an infrastructure model has been built, which represents a typical layout of lines and stations in the Czech Republic. By successive modifications of the model, the significance of the impact of the implementation of ATP systems on the capacity of lines can be simulated. In the paper, the influence of the implementation of different application levels of ATP systems on the capacity of railway lines is evaluated.
Cooperation of active steering control of wheelsets with subsystems of an autonomous urban rail vehicle
Authors: Vrba Jan
Published: November 2023

The paper presents the motivations for the application of actively controlled elements in the running gear of a rail vehicle and the challenges that need to be addressed before deploying vehicles with actively controlled elements in real operation. Furthermore, the paper presents the design of an active element concept and its control for steering the axles of an urban rail vehicle to improve the vehicle’s passage through small radius curves. The design takes into account the fundamental issues of cost and safety of the application of active elements, which are addressed in the presented control design by using data from autonomous driving subsystems such as the environmental database or the anti-collision system.
Automated Identification of Wood Surface Defects Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Syla Besfort , Saleh Shadi , Hardt Wolfram
Published: November 2023

Wood plates are widely used in the interior design of houses primarily for their aesthetic value. However, considering its esthetical values, surface defect detection is necessary. The development of computer vision and CNN-based object detection methods has opened the way for wood surface defect detection process automation. This paper investigates deep-learning applications for automatic wood surface defect detection. It includes the evaluation of deep learning algorithms, including data generation and labeling, preprocessing, model training, and evaluation. Many adjustments regarding the dataset size, the model, and the modification of the neural network were made to evaluate the model's performance in the specified challenge. The results indicate that modifications can increase the YOLOv5s performance in detection. The model with GCNet added and trained in 4800 images has achieved 88.1% of mAP. The paper also evaluates the time performance of models based on different GPU units. The results show that in A100 40GB GPU, the maximum time to process a wood plate is 2.2 seconds. Finally, an Active learning approach for the continual increase in performance while detecting with the smaller size of manual labeling has been implemented. After detecting 500 images in 5 cycles, the model achieved 98.8% of mAP. This scientific paper concludes that YOLOv5s modified model is suitable for wood surface defect detection. It can perform with high accuracy in real time. Moreover, applying the active learning approach can facilitate the labeling process by increasing the performance during detection.
CALCULATION OF CONNECTION IN THE ALL-WHEEL DRIVE SYSTEM LADA VESTA SW CROSS
Authors: Lyashenko M. V. , Potapov A. V.
Published: November 2023

Now there are no domestic front-wheel drive vehicles with electric all-wheel drive. This article is a continuation of the development of partial all-wheel drive on a Lada car. Here is a variant of the connection between the electric motor and the gearbox. The coupling and its possible way of fastening on the shafts of the units are calculated.
SAFETY STUDY OF THE ENERGY SYSTEM OF RESIDENTIAL PREMISES
Authors: Vahrushkin I. V. , Mikaeva S. A. , Zhuravleva Yu. A. , Zheleznikova O. E. , Kovalenko O. Yu.
Published: November 2023

The paper investigates the reliability of protection of type B circuit breakers for residential premises. The focus of this work is on short circuit protection. To this end, a number of experiments were carried out to study the reaction of various electrical circuits to a short circuit and to understand which of the circuits would be the safest. During the experiments, the most widely used automatic switches of type B – B8, B16, B25, designed for a current of 3…5 A, but which have a greater sensitivity to short circuits, were investigated. All switches were carefully inspected for mechanical damage. All experiments were carried out in special dielectric gloves and in compliance with safety regulations. For the experiment, a test stand was assembled. For the connection, terminal blocks were used, through which the stand is supplied with power from the network to the ammeter, which will show the current at the stand. The paper gives recommendations on the selection and operation of circuit breakers.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE AIR-CLEANING DEVICE OF THE GAS TURBINE INSTALLATION OF THE COMPRESSOR STATION OF THE MAIN GAS PIPELINE
Authors: Berdnik A. N.
Published: November 2023

Presented a various types of pollution of compressed air at the entrance to the combustion chamber of a gas turbine installation depending on the geographical location of the compressor station of the main gas pipeline. Shown is a comparison of technical and economic indicators of two design schemes of air-purifying devices of a gas turbine installation at the compressor station of the main gas pipeline.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND DYNAMICS OF A VARIABLE THROTTLE (CHOKE VALVE) FOR X-MAS TREES
Authors: Trukhanov K. A. , Gontarev A. V.
Published: November 2023

One of the main elements of the subsea production system (SPS) is an adjustable throttle that regulates the supply of the medium (liquid) moved along the wellbore. The drive that controls the position of the shut-off-and-regulating element (SCE) of the throttle should provide increased requirements for reliability and dynamics, based on the requirements for the stability of the SCE, since the occurrence of self-oscillations can be the cause of the «start of disasters». Modern methods for the development and analysis of technical systems are based on the widespread use of mathematical models based on detailed knowledge of the processes and phenomena occurring in the systems under consideration. The use of a mathematical model is of great and urgent importance – it allows not to carry out expensive and costly physical experiments both in terms of time and money. The results obtained in the course of computer simulation can be used to optimize systems, determine operating modes and the causes of possible failures. The article presents the developed mathematical model of the adjustable choke of the X-mas tree. The mathematical model, unlike the existing ones, takes into account the non-stationary nature of the emerging hydrodynamic force on the SCE, as well as the nonlinearity of the hydraulic equipment – the actuator and control distributor. The paper presents the results of a numerical experiment and compares the proposed mathematical model with the results of a numerical experiment. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the creation of an object-oriented mathematical model of an adjustable choke of X-mas trees, taking into account the non-stationary load on the actuator, as well as the non-linearities of the control equipment.
ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ELECTROEROSIVE DISPERSION PROCESS IN THE ELECTROEROSIVE DISPERSION REACTOR
Authors: Gadalov V. N. , Gubanov O. M. , Filonovich A. V. , Vornacheva I. V.
Published: November 2023

Mathematical model of the electroerosive dispersion reactor allows evaluating its performance. The number of spark discharges in the layer of granules is determined by the voltage per contact in the discharge chain. A bitrow chain of granules is compiled using a random number generator. A table of calculated and experimental data is given.
ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF THE NON-SYNCHRONIZED HUMAN LOADING ON THE AMPLIFICATION FACTOR OF SPORTS GRANDSTANDS
Authors: Poznyak E. V. , Monin S. A.
Published: November 2023

ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF THE NON-SYNCHRONIZED HUMAN LOADING ON THE AMPLIFICATION FACTOR OF SPORTS GRANDSTANDS
ULTRA-JET DIAGNOSTICS OF DAMAGE TO CARBON FIBER PANELS AS A RESULT OF THERMAL CYCLING
Authors: Galinovsky A. L. , Kovaleva D. E. , Zhenyuan Jia , Badanina Yu. V.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the development of a method of ultra-jet diagnostics of damage to carbon fiber panels, based on the high-speed impact of a liquid jet on the surface of a sample, the results of which are judged on its quality indicators. It is shown that the informative criteria for assessing the quality of carbon fiber panels as a result of ultra-jet diagnostics are the amount of stratification of the composite material and the depth of the cavity. Based on the analysis of experimental data, it is proved that the method of ultra-jet diagnostics makes it possible to assess the level of defectiveness of a carbon fiber panel formed as a result of thermocyclic tests of samples of various durations. Dependences are constructed according to which it is possible to observe a change in the informative (geometric parameters) of samples depending on the formed damage as a result of previously conducted thermocyclic tests. The presented material is part of the ongoing comprehensive research on the assessment of the possibility of using the proposed method of ultra-jet diagnostics to assess the quality of composite materials used in rocket and space technology.
ABOUT THE WORK OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF THE RYBINSK STATE AVIATION TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER P. A. SOLOVYOV IN THE FIELD OF HIGH-TECH AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Bezylazny V. F.
Published: November 2023

The article presents the results of research carried out by the author independently, as well as jointly with his students (9 doctors and 60 candidates of technical sciences). Recommendations on technological support of the accuracy of processing and quality of the surface layer of machine parts are proposed, taking into account the technological conditions of processing (cutting mode, properties of the processed and tool materials, geometry of the cutting part of the tool), as well as indicators of the operational properties of machine parts and products in general, (fatigue strength, contact stiffness of the surfaces of parts and their wear resistance, corrosion resistance, as well as the strength of the press joints). The directions of automation of manufacturing technology and assembly of products, as well as the organization of production (calculation of the number of parts in a batch, justification of the choice of equipment, organization of joint parallel work of the designer and technologist, etc.), problematic issues of repair of high-tech products, including aviation gas turbine engines, and quality management of products and processes are proposed. The article is dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Department of “Technology of Aircraft Engines and General Mechanical Engineering”, Rybinsk State Aviation Technical University named after P. A. Solovyov.
METHOD FOR CALCULATING TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR CONSTRAINED EXTRUSION OF RECTANGULAR BRACKETS. Part 3
Authors: Vorontsov A. L. , Karpov S. M.
Published: November 2023

The end of the methodology for calculating the technological parameters of the process of constrained extrusion of rectangular brackets under conditions of plane deformation in the general case of misalignment of the punch and die is outlined. In this part of the methodology, the extrusion of a hardening material is considered, for which calculations are described in detail, taking into account hardening. The above formulas make it possible to determine such important parameters of the stamping process as the total and specific deforming forces, the heights of the walls formed as a result of extrusion, as well as the increase in yield stress.
COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF THEORETICAL FORMULAS FOR RESTRICTED TRADITIONAL EXTRUSION WITH STRENGTHENING
Authors: Vorontsov A. L. , Lebedeva D. A.
Published: November 2023

Cold constrained traditional extrusion of cups with a conical bottom made of a hardening material is considered. Methods for performing specific calculations of the deforming force for various geometric parameters of extrusion with a temperature effect are demonstrated in detail. Comparison with the experimental data obtained by extruding brass L63 and steel 12Kh18N9T shows the high accuracy of the derived calculation formulas.
DYNAMICS OF POST-SCHOOL INVESTMENT, EDUCATION AND WAGES IN TURKISH LABOR MARKET: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
Authors: KUL GELAL Hande
Published: November 2023

Although Human Capital Theory asserts post-school investment as an important mechanism in the wage differentials, it is not adequately scrutinized by the literature. Post-school investment is linked to demographic factors like gender, age, education, marital status, etc., and has a dual effect in the wage differentials of individuals (Blaug, 1976; Mincer J. A., 1974a; Polachek, 1975; Rodríguez, Saltiel, & Urzua, 2018). Moreover, PSI can mediate the effect of education on wages which has been widely discussed in the literature. In light of these, this study aims to understand the dynamics of post-school investment, education, and wages in relation with other demographics ignoring the causal relationship between these variables using Adult Education Survey (TURKSTAT, 2007). Results indicate that PSI is high for observations who are young, non-married, women, high wage earner, non-routine job holder, and vocational collage school graduate. Interestingly, results indicate that low wage earners have to invest on their human capital to compete in the labor market against job losses most probably as they are low skilled workers, and their abilities are prone to depreciation easily. Moreover, men can earn more than women, even if they have a lower education level.
Symmetry and monotonicity of singular solutions to p-Laplacian systems involving a first order term
Authors: Biagi Stefano , Esposito Francesco , Montoro Luigi , Vecchi Eugenio
Published: November 2023

We consider positive singular solutions (i.e. with a non-removable singularity) of a system of PDEs driven by p-Laplacian
operators and with the
additional presence of a nonlinear first order term. By a careful use of a rather new version of the moving
plane method, we prove the symmetry of the solutions. The result is already new in the scalar case.
»Ein Bild von ihm … wird immer belehrend und erquickend bleiben.

Sein Leben lehrte.« David Friedländers biographische Fragmente über Moses Mendelssohn
Authors: Lohmann Uta
Published: November 2023

A few years after Moses Mendelssohn’s death (1786) David Friedländer wrote life-history descriptions in which he took a fragmentary look at Mendelssohn’s personality and emphasized that he had succeeded in approaching moral perfection as a human being and as a merchant to a high degree. With the virtuous perfection pattern Moses Mendelssohn (Vollkommenheitsmuster Moses Mendelssohn) designed by him, Friedländer initially pursued two intentions: on the one hand, he established a modern Jewish educational ideal, and on the other hand, his image of Mendelssohn served him to combat prejudice among non-Jews. Three decades later, Friedländer published further biographical fragments about Mendelssohn, this time appearing in a distinctly educational context, and again presenting Mendelssohn as an educational ideal. The article analyzes Friedländer’s ›Platonic‹ mode of presenting Mendelssohn and questions the significance of his parallelization of Mendelssohn with Socrates. In addition, it examines Friedländer’s choice of the fragment as a descriptive category and form of biographical representation, with which he functionalizes Mendelssohn for his pedagogical aims.
»Es ist viel Liebenswürdiges darin«. Max Brods Schreiben über Kafka
Authors: Ludewig Anna-Dorothea
Published: November 2023

Max Brod’s writing about Franz Kafka is one of the much-debated biographical undertakings of the 20th century, whose impacts still occupy literary scholars. Max Brod himself as well as his own extensive literary and journalistic-essayistic oeuvre is hardly known anymore, and this is also true for the numerous Kafka editions and contributions. Yet Brod’s interpretation of his friend has a life of its own and continues to have a subcutaneous effect. Until his own death in December 1968, Brod attended to his friend’s work with both devotion and appropriation, creating a Kafka cosmos in which he had assigned himself a key position. This constellation thus suggests a particularly close interweaving of autobiographical and biographical writing, which is the focus of this article.
Vom vergeblichen und vergänglichen Leben. Es sei denn, andere schreiben darüber. Was Hinko Gottlieb über Lavoslav Schick (und sich selbst) 1934 schrieb
Authors: Vulesica Marija
Published: November 2023

In his poem »Memento«, Hinko Gottlieb (1886–1948) – a lawyer and a poet – portrayed a trait of his contemporary and companion Lavoslav Schick (1881–1941) – a historian and a lawyer too – with wit and humor. His approach is biographically, at the same time he uses irony to make fun of Schick’s own biographical approaches to other Croatian Jews. As a result of the analysis of this commemorative poem, published in 1934, questions are raised about the source value of a satirical poem. Likewise, about the meaning, form and about (political) intentions of biographical depictions in general. For the contemporaries, but also for today’s researches.
Leben schreiben. Auto/biographische Familienerzählungen in der deutschsprachigen jüdischen Gegenwartsliteratur
Authors: Banki Luisa
Published: November 2023

Within German Jewish contemporary literature’s engagement with the Shoah and Second World War, a new approach has gained traction: auto/biography. This article examines characteristics of recent German Jewish auto/biographical family narratives and discusses newer genre poetics of auto/biography. If every biography is also autobiography, these contemporary auto/biographical family narratives showcase the other side of that poetological coin: preoccupied with self-definition and self-assurance, these first-person narrators seek to position themselves in the generational chain of their families through a reconstruction of their family histories. By way of example, the article offers a reading of Marina Frenk’s auto-fictional debut novel »ewig her und gar nicht wahr« (2020) as an innovative, radically fictionalized, and polyphonous family biography.
Peirce’s philosophy of notations and the trade-offs in comparing numeral symbol systems
Authors: Stjernfelt Frederik , Pantsar Markus
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we connect two research directions concerning numeral symbol systems and their epistemological significance. The first direction concerns the cognitive processes involved in acquiring and applying different numeral symbols, e.g. the Indo-Arabic or Roman numeral systems. The second direction is a semiotic one, with focus on Charles Peirce’s Philosophy of Notation. Peirce’s work on logical formalism is well known, but he also wrote extensively on numeral systems. Here we take Peirce’s considerations on central notions like iconicity and simplicity and examine their relevance for comparing different numeral symbol systems. We argue that simplicity and iconicity, for example, cannot be understood as single notions. Instead, they should be connected to different aims of numeral symbols that different systems fulfill to different degrees. Consequently, we focus on the kind of trade-offs that different symbol systems imply in acquiring and applying numeral symbol systems.
Abel-Gontcharoff polynomials, parking trajectories and ruin probabilities
Authors: Lefèvre Claude , Picard Philippe
Published: November 2023

The central mathematical tool discussed is a non-standard family of polynomials, univariate and bivariate, called Abel-Goncharoff polynomials. First, we briefly summarize the main properties of this family of polynomials obtained in the previous work. Then, we extend the remarkable links existing between these polynomials and the parking functions which are a classic object in combinatorics and computer science. Finally, we use the polynomials to determine the non-ruin probabilities over a finite horizon for a bivariate risk process, in discrete and continuous time, assuming that claim amounts are dependent via a partial Schur-constancy property.
Multi-dimensional almost automorphic type sequences and applications
Authors: Kostić Marko , Koyuncuoğlu Halis Can
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we investigate several new classes of multi-dimensional almost automorphic type sequences and focus on their applications
to various difference equations involving Volterra difference equations. We provide many structural results, illustrative examples and open problems about the notion under consideration.
Solar assisted CaCl2 desiccant wheel rotor system for simultaneous cooling and dehumidification operation: experimental and modelling approach
Authors: Prasad Amarjeet Kumar , Singh Dhirendra Kumar , Shankar Ravi , Thakur Amit K. , Singh Dheerandra
Published: November 2023

High temperature and humidity of many reason of India in the summer season is the major challenge for human comfort also in the drying. In the present work, experiments have been performed to examine the cooling and dehumidification process in the summer season for human comfort and industrial application with the help of calcium chloride (CaCl2) based desiccant material solid desiccant wheel integrated with solar heating arrangements. In this study experimental findings are also evaluated by the mathematical model. During the dehumidification of air in the process unit humidity changes from 17.75 to 29.03 g H2O/kg dry air to 2.8–3.9, 6.8–8.15, 8.92–10.9 & 9.79–11.87 g H2O/kg dry air for flow rate at 1, 2, 3 & 4 m/s, respectively. The process air outlet temperature is increased in the range of 2.58–3.53 K for all air flow rates. After humidification of process outlet air, human comfort condition (HCC) is produced with temperature and humidity in the range of 30–33 °C and 7.77–12.47 g H2O/kg dry air for different air flow rates. Overall airflow for velocity 2–4 m/s can be recommended for the HCC condition. The proposed modelled expression indicates less than 10 % error between the actual and modelled value for different sections.
The concentration booth and the handshaking lane: ideologies of the phatic
Authors: Nozawa Shunsuke
Published: November 2023

Scholars of language and culture have effectively used the language ideology concept to critique the referentialist assumption in the post-Enlightenment conceptualization of language and society. Continuing with this critical project, this article attempts a further reorientation of our analytic metalanguage to explore the ideology of the phatic, the way in which salient emphasis is placed on problems regarding communicative channels of contact. The article identifies this ideology in the increasingly visible role played by phatic labor and its concrete manifestations in scenes of service and affective labor in contemporary Japan. Two separate instances are analyzed to reveal their common engagement with channels of contact as a metapragmatic concern. First, I analyze one Japanese restaurant chain’s attempt to design and control the material zone of contact in dining experience, as indicative of the larger tendency in the contemporary economy to standardize consumer desire at the level of the phatic. Second, I look to the culture of celebrity, especially popular idols, and examine the institutionalization of fan-idol contact that has become a hegemonic marketing strategy. These cases witness rituals of public encounter that either work to hybridize human speech acts with nonhuman speech-actants inhabiting the material environment of contact, or to regulate forms of interaction deemed detrimental to the channel of affect through monitoring, interruption, and other forms of phatic policing. I use this analysis to draw attention to the necessity of taking the phatic function seriously in the scholarly exploration of language ideology. While scholars in various fields have frequently spoken of the centrality of communicative labor in postindustrial societies, the analytic focus on ideologization of the phatic offers a more precise theoretical and empirical framework for examining how communication is fetishized as the central site of political and economic intervention.
The Wolof argument-focus constructions as copulaless clefts
Authors: Bourdeau Corentin
Published: November 2023

In Wolof (Niger-Congo), focus is expressed morphosyntactically via specific focus constructions. This article deals with two of them, namely the subject-focus and the complement-focus constructions. I propose to analyse them as copulaless cleft constructions of the form focus | topic, that is, constructions in which the focus and the topic are juxtaposed. In such clefts, the topic of the sentence is expressed by means of a noun phrase which is headed by the definite article la when the focus corresponds to the syntactic object, and by the morpheme a when the focus corresponds to the syntactic subject of the sentence.
An exact sequence for the graded Picent
Authors: Marcus Andrei , Minuță Virgilius-Aurelian
Published: November 2023

To a strongly 𝐺-graded algebra 𝐴 with 1-component 𝐵, we associate the group

Picent
gr

⁢

(
A
)

\mathrm{Picent}^{\mathrm{gr}}(A)

of isomorphism classes of invertible 𝐺-graded

(
A
,
A
)

(A,A)

-bimodules over the centralizer of 𝐵 in 𝐴.
Our main result is a

Picent

\mathrm{Picent}

version of the Beattie–del Río exact sequence, involving Dade’s group

G
⁢

[
B
]

G[B]

, which relates

Picent
gr

⁢

(
A
)

\mathrm{Picent}^{\mathrm{gr}}(A)

,

Picent
⁢

(
B
)

\mathrm{Picent}(B)

, and group cohomology.
Generalized Abel equations and applications to translation invariant Radon transforms
Authors: Webber James W.
Published: November 2023

Generalized Abel equations have been employed in the recent literature to invert Radon transforms which arise in a number of important imaging applications, including Compton Scatter Tomography (CST), Ultrasound Reflection Tomography (URT), and X-ray CT.
In this paper, we present novel injectivity results and inversion methods for generalized Abel operators.
We apply our theory to a new Radon transform,

R
j

\mathcal{R}_{j}

, of interest in URT, which integrates a square integrable function of compact support, 𝑓, over ellipsoid and hyperboloid surfaces with centers on a plane.
Using our newly established theory on generalized Abel equations, we show that

R
j

\mathcal{R}_{j}

is injective and provide an inversion method based on Neumann series.
In addition, using algebraic methods, we present image phantom reconstructions from

R
j

⁢
f

\mathcal{R}_{j}f

data with added pseudo-random noise.
Metabolomic analysis of serum short-chain fatty acid concentrations in a mouse of MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease after dietary supplementation with branched-chain amino acids
Authors: Mi Na , Ma Lili , Li Xueying , Fu Jia , Bu Xinxin , Liu Fei , Yang Fan , Zhang Yali , Yao Lifen
Published: November 2023

The gut microbiota and microbial metabolites influence the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the microbial–gut–brain axis. Increasing body of evidence suggests that disturbances in the metabolism of peripheral branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases through neuroinflammatory signaling. Preliminary research has shown that longitudinal changes in serum amino acid levels in mouse models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are negatively correlated with disease progression. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the changes in serum levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in a mouse model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD after dietary BCAA supplementation. In our research, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to detect serum SCFA concentrations. The data were then analyzed with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Finally, the correlations of serum SCFA levels with gut and motor function in MPTP-induced PD mice were explored. Propionic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and isobutyric acid concentrations were elevated in MPTP + H-BCAA mice compared with MPTP mice. Propionic acid concentration was increased the most, while the isovaleric acid concentration was decreased. Propionic acid concentration was positively correlated with fecal weight and water content and negatively correlated with the pole-climbing duration. In conclusion, these results not only suggest that propionic acid may be a potential biomarker for PD, but also indicate the possibility that PD may be treated by altering circulating levels of SCFA.
Research progress of metal-based additive manufacturing in medical implants
Authors: Zhai Yun , Zhang Hao , Wang Jianchuan , Zhao Dewei
Published: November 2023

Metal-based additive manufacturing has gained significant attention in the field of medical implants over the past decade. The application of 3D-printing technology in medical implants offers several advantages over traditional manufacturing methods, including increased design flexibility for implant customization, reduced lead time for emergency cases, and the ability to create complex geometry shapes for patient-specific implants. In this review study, the working principles and conditions of metal 3D-printing technologies such as selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting, as well as their applications and advantages in the medical field, are investigated in detail. The application scenarios and research status of non-degradable metals including titanium alloy, medical stainless steel, etc., and degradable metals like magnesium alloy are introduced as printing materials. We discuss the improvement of mechanical properties and biocompatibility of implants through surface modification, porous structure design, and the optimization of molding processes. Finally, the biocompatibility issues and challenges caused by the accuracy of CT imaging, fabrication, implant placement, and other aspects are summarized.
Ethik als Gegenstand der Religionswissenschaft
Authors: Hetmanczyk Philipp
Published: November 2023

Im deutschsprachigen Raum haben sich unterschiedliche Fachformate als Alternativen zum konfessionellen Religionsunterricht etabliert. Innerhalb dieser Fachformate kommt der Religionskunde meist ein mehr oder weniger großer Anteil zu und oftmals beteiligt sich die Religionswissenschaft an der Lehrpersonenausbildung für diese religionskundlichen Fachanteile. Neben der Religionskunde bildet jedoch auch die Ethik entweder einen Teil dieser Fächer oder das Fach als solches ist als Ethik benannt. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, inwiefern die Religionswissenschaft auch einen Beitrag zur Lehrpersonenausbildung für das Fach bzw. die Fachdimension Ethik leisten kann.