bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Disciplines and Cross-Sector Mixed-Methods Examination of Design Thinking Practices and Outcome
Authors: Lake Danielle , Flannery Kathleen , Kearns Morgan
Published: February 2021

This mixed method study investigated design thinking (DT) practices and outcomes from across disciplinary frameworks within one institution of higher education. Building upon prior DT studies, it examined three interlocking research questions: What DT practices are being implemented across the curriculum? What kinds of outcomes do faculty observe? What are the significant relationships between particular practices and observed outcomes? Thirty-five courses were examined via a faculty survey adapted from Liedtka and Bahr (2019), and a semi-structured interview created by Lake, Ricco, and Whipps (2018). In alignment with liberal arts educational practices, the most frequently utilized DT practices included working in teams that recognize diverse contributions and engaging in active listening in order to find shared meaning. Consistent with expectations for project- and team-based courses, faculty felt such practices yielded valued outcomes, concluding DT practices built trust across teams and increased the quality of solutions. Relationships between practices and outcomes revealed the utilization of more ethnographic tools was associated with a lower frequency of expanding relationships and resources, and that a greater focus on design criteria to find an ideal solution hampered efforts towards trust building. These findings suggest DT requires time and trust which can be constrained by the imposed deadlines of semester-based projects. The survey and interviews pointed to both similarities and differences between disciplines in DT practices. Future research investigating design thinking pedagogy should include faculty, students, and stakeholders with multiple touchpoints for assessment to identify learning experiences that build change-making capacities and yield genuinely valuable and viable real world projects.
Evaluation of multi-target deep neural network models for compound potency prediction under increasingly challenging test conditions
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez Raquel , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: February 2021

Machine learning (ML) enables modeling of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) and compound potency predictions. Recently, multi-target QSAR models have been gaining increasing attention. Simultaneous compound potency predictions for multiple targets can be carried out using ensembles of independently derived target-based QSAR models or in a more integrated and advanced manner using multi-target deep neural networks (MT-DNNs). Herein, single-target and multi-target ML models were systematically compared on a large scale in compound potency value predictions for 270 human targets. By design, this large-magnitude evaluation has been a special feature of our study. To these ends, MT-DNN, single-target DNN (ST-DNN), support vector regression (SVR), and random forest regression (RFR) models were implemented. Different test systems were defined to benchmark these ML methods under conditions of varying complexity. Source compounds were divided into training and test sets in a compound- or analog series-based manner taking target information into account. Data partitioning approaches used for model training and evaluation were shown to influence the relative performance of ML methods, especially for the most challenging compound data sets. For example, the performance of MT-DNNs with per-target models yielded superior performance compared to single-target models. For a test compound or its analogs, the availability of potency measurements for multiple targets affected model performance, revealing the influence of ML synergies.
Shallow gas hydrates off southwest Taiwan and their mechanisms
Authors: Huang Yin-Sheng , Hsu Shu-Kun , Su Chih-Chieh , Lin Andrew Tien-Shun , Yu Pai-Sen , Babonneau Nathalie , Ratzov Gueorgui , Lallemand Serge , Huang Pi-Chuen , Lin Shiao-Shan , Lin Jing-Yi , Wei Kuo-Yen , Chang Yuan-Pin , Yu Neng-Ti , Tsai Ching-Hui
Published: February 2021

We have collected two shallow gas hydrate samples at two sites having different geological settings off southwest Taiwan during the cruise MD214 in 2018. The first core site, MD18-3542, is on the South Yuan-An East Ridge at ~ 1200 m water deep, where a structural unconformity covered by fine-silt sediments appears at ~ 5.5 m below the seafloor. The second core site, MD18-3543, is close to the Good-Weather Ridge at ~ 1100 m water deep, where a gas-related pockmark structure and authigenic carbonates are present at shallow strata with fine-silt sediments near the seafloor. Sediment properties of core MD18-3542 are distinctively different above and below the layer corresponding to the unconformity. Both cores show obvious gaps or voids in the lower core halves. The core features could be linked to the dissociated methane upward migrating from deep strata. Core site settings with upwelling methane would favor the formation of shallow gas hydrates. At site MD18-3542, the shallow hydrate could be formed due to high concentration methane kept beneath the unconformity covered by fine-silt sediments. At site MD18-3543, the shallow hydrate could be formed due to an extremely high flux of upwelling methane trapped either beneath the authigenic carbonates or fine-silt sediments.
Internally Incentivized Interdisciplinarity: Organizational Restructuring of Research and Emerging Tensions
Authors: Salmela Mikko , MacLeod Miles , Munck af Rosenschöld Johan
Published: February 2021

Interdisciplinarity is widely considered necessary to solving many contemporary problems, and new funding structures and instruments have been created to encourage interdisciplinary research at universities. In this article, we study a small technical university specializing in green technology which implemented a strategy aimed at promoting and developing interdisciplinary collaboration. It did so by reallocating its internal research funds for at least five years to “research platforms” that required researchers from at least two of the three schools within the university to participate. Using data from semi-structured interviews from researchers in three of these platforms, we identify specific tensions that the strategy has generated in this case: (1) in the allocation of platform resources, (2) in the division of labor and disciplinary relations, (3) in choices over scientific output and academic careers. We further show how the particular platform format exacerbates the identified tensions in our case. We suggest that certain features of the current platform policy incentivize shallow interdisciplinary interactions, highlighting potential limits on the value of attempting to push for interdisciplinarity through internal funding.
Maghemite nanoparticles coated by methacrylamide-based polymer for magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Herynek Vít , Babič Michal , Kaman Ondřej , Charvátová Hana , Veselá Mariana , Buchholz Oliver , Vosmanská Magda , Kubániová Denisa , Kohout Jaroslav , Hofmann Ulrich G. , Šefc Luděk
Published: February 2021

A wise selection of tracers is critical for magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Most of the current tracers are based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with a suitable coating. We prepared maghemite cores (γ-Fe2O3) by coprecipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts with ammonium hydroxide followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and stabilization as an anionic (γ-Fe2O3⊖) or cationic colloid (γ-Fe2O3⨁). The cores were coated by poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-co-N-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-2-methyl-prop-2-enamide. The particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, tested in vitro in a field-free point MPI scanner, and compared to nanoparticles prepared by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite and to the commercially available Resovist®. The cores had an average diameter of 8.0 nm (γ-Fe2O3⨁) and 8.7 nm (γ-Fe2O3⊖); the hydrodynamic diameter was 88 nm. Zeta potential values for both positively charged (+52 mV) and negatively charged particles (–60 mV) provided for good colloidal stabilization. Spinel structure of maghemite was confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The uncoated γ-Fe2O3⨁ particles yielded an MPI signal lower (by 16 %) than Resovist; the coated ones reached 88 % of the Resovist signal. Anionic γ-Fe2O3⊖ particles reached a higher (uncoated particles, by 15 %) or comparable (coated ones) signal relative to Resovist with a substantially lower signal dispersion. Control particles prepared by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite scored the weakest results. To conclude, a suitable size, narrow size distribution, and colloidal stability predispose the synthetized particles for use as a tracer for MPI. The anionic particles provided a higher signal with a lower dispersion than commercial tracers.
Reserve Volatility and the Identification of Exchange Rate Regimes
Authors: Bleaney Michael , Tian Mo
Published: February 2021

Should exchange rate regime classifications be based purely on some measure of exchange rate flexibility, or should such flexibility be judged in proportion to the degree of exchange market pressure (EMP), as reflected in the behaviour of international reserves? Some authors have claimed that the best approach to classifying exchange rate regimes is to estimate to what extent EMP is absorbed in reserve variability rather than exchange rate variability. Empirical evidence is presented on the variability of reserves and exchange rates for 193 countries from 1980 to 2019. Pegged regimes do not display any more reserve volatility than floats. In most regimes there is a small but statistically significant positive correlation between reserve accumulation and exchange rate appreciation in monthly data, but this effect is no stronger in less flexible regimes, where intervention is expected to be greater. A flexibility index is constructed, based on the ratio of exchange rate flexibility to reserve volatility, and is compared to one based solely on exchange rate flexibility by investigating its conformity with the IMF de facto classification. The flexibility index that takes reserves into account does not improve the identification of pegs, but it helps to a limited extent to distinguish free floats from managed floats.
Psychological well-being and illness perceptions in patients with hypopituitarism
Authors: Slagboom Tessa N. A. , Deijen Jan Berend , Van Bunderen Christa C. , Knoop Hans A. , Drent Madeleine L.
Published: February 2021

Objective

The primary aim of the current study was to objectify a spectrum of persisting subjective psychological complaints in patients with hypopituitarism, at least six months after normalizing of the hormonal disturbances. Also, gender differences on these outcomes were investigated. The secondary aim was to identify illness perceptions and causal attributions within this patient group.

Methods

A total of 42 adult participants (60% females) with treated hypopituitarism once filled out a number of psychological questionnaires. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) assessed mood and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) assessed well-being. Illness perceptions were identified using the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Brief Dutch Language Version (IPQ-B DLV) and causal attributions by using the Causal Attribution List (CAL). Patient outcomes were compared to reference values of healthy norm groups.

Results

Participants scored significantly worse on the POMS depression, anger, fatigue and tension subscales, the SCL-90 psychoneuroticism, depression, inadequacy of thinking and acting and sleeping problems subscales and all subscales of the WSAS when compared to reference data. Women also scored worse on depression (HADS) and somatic symptoms (SCL-90). Compared to other illnesses, patients with hypopituitarism have more negative and realistic illness perceptions on consequences, timeline, identity and emotions. Participants attributed their complaints more to physical causes than psychological causes.

Conclusion

Despite normalization of hormonal disturbances, patients with hypopituitarism in general can still experience problems during daily living, such as negative mood states and a decreased psychological well-being.
Soil organic nitrogen: an overlooked but potentially significant contribution to crop nutrition
Authors: Farzadfar Soudeh , Knight J. Diane , Congreves Kate A.
Published: February 2021

Background

For more than a century, crop N nutrition research has primarily focused on inorganic N (IN) dynamics, building the traditional model that agricultural plants predominantly take up N in the form of NO3− and NH4+. However, results reported in the ecological and agricultural literature suggest that the traditional model of plant N nutrition is oversimplified.

Scope

We examine the role of organic N (ON) in plant N nutrition, first by reviewing the historical discoveries by ecologists of plant ON uptake, then by discussing the advancements of key analytical techniques that have furthered the cause (stable isotope and microdialysis techniques). The current state of knowledge on soil ON dynamics is analyzed concurrently with recent developments that show ON uptake and assimilation by agricultural plant species. Lastly, we consider the relationship between ON uptake and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in an agricultural context.

Conclusions

We propose several mechanisms by which ON uptake and assimilation may increase crop NUE, such as by reducing N assimilation costs, promoting root biomass growth, shaping N cycling microbial communities, recapturing exuded N compounds, and aligning the root uptake capacity to the soil N supply in highly fertilized systems. These hypothetical mechanisms should direct future research on the topic. Although the quantitative role remains unknown, ON compounds should be considered as significant contributors to plant N nutrition.
Metrisable assessment of the course of stream-systemic processes in vector form in industry 4.0
Authors: Drozd Radosław , Wolniak Radosław
Published: February 2021

The goal of this paper is to present an innovative conception how to use metrisable vector structure of a manufacturing process, based on quantitative relations between the activity of input streams, features of the product, and effect of losses; all of which are excellent practical solution for Industry 4.0, and in turn intelligent factories. This solution can be a usefull way in the process of building sustainable organization. A vector representation of manufacturing processes was formulated, one which is based in system engineering. Three manufacturing system state vectors were proposed. These are: input stream vector$${\upphi }$$ϕ, product features vector$$\overrightarrow {{\text{ P}}}$$P→which is also referred to as quality vector, and losses vector$$\overrightarrow {{\text{ S}}}$$S→. Scalar, vector, and mixed products of these vectors may form constitutive equations of manufacturing processes. The relations between the vectors$$\upphi$$ϕ,$$\overrightarrow {{\text{ P}}}$$P→,$$\overrightarrow {{\text{ S}}}$$S→provide a possibility for a metrisable, complex analysis and assessment of a contemporary manufacturing process. The paper shows practical methods for defining the size of the vector values within the process. The demonstrated vector description of stream-systemic processes can also be applied to non-material manufacturing.
Critical examination of current response shift methods and proposal for advancing new methods
Authors: Sébille Véronique , Lix Lisa M. , Ayilara Olawale F. , Sajobi Tolulope T. , Janssens A. Cecile J. W. , Sawatzky Richard , Sprangers Mirjam A. G. , Verdam Mathilde G. E. ,   the Response Shift – in Sync Working Group
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This work is part of an international, interdisciplinary initiative to synthesize research on response shift in results of patient-reported outcome measures. The objective is to critically examine current response shift methods. We additionally propose advancing new methods that address the limitations of extant methods.

Methods

Based on literature reviews, this critical examination comprises design-based, qualitative, individualized, and preference-based methods, latent variable models, and other statistical methods. We critically appraised their definition, operationalization, the type of response shift they can detect, whether they can adjust for and explain response shift, their assumptions, and alternative explanations. Overall limitations requiring new methods were identified.

Results

We examined 11 methods that aim to operationalize response shift, by assessing change in the meaning of one’s self-evaluation. Six of these methods distinguish between change in observed measurements (observed change) and change in the construct that was intended to be measured (target change). The methods use either (sub)group-based or individual-level analysis, or a combination. All methods have underlying assumptions to be met and alternative explanations for the inferred response shift effects. We highlighted the need to address the interpretation of the results as response shift and proposed advancing new methods handling individual variation in change over time and multiple time points.

Conclusion

No single response shift method is optimal; each method has strengths and limitations. Additionally, extra steps need to be taken to correctly interpret the results. Advancing new methods and conducting computer simulation studies that compare methods are recommended to move response shift research forward.
The presumption of assurance
Authors: Faulkner Paul
Published: February 2021

According to the Assurance Theory of testimony, in telling an audience something, a speaker offers their assurance that what is told is true, which is something like their guarantee, or promise, of truth. However, speakers also tell lies and say things they do not have the authority to back up. So why does understanding tellings to be a form of assurance explain how tellings can provide a reason for belief? This paper argues that reasons come once it is recognised that tellings are trusted. And the logic by means of which trust gives reason to believe is quite general; it applies equally to belief that is based on evidence rather than assurance. Outlining this logic requires the introduction of the idea of epistemic presumptions, whose truth plays the role of ensuring a connection between believer, justification and truth.
Correction to: Importance of livestock diseases identified using participatory epidemiology in the highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Gizaw Solomon , Desta Hiwot , Alemu Biruk , Tegegne Azage , Wieland Barbara
Published: February 2021

An erratum to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s11250-021-02593-7
Effect of prostatic apex shape (Lee types) and urethral sphincter length in preoperative MRI on very early continence rates after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Preisser Felix , Mueller Matthias , Theissen Lena H. , Welte Maria N. , Hoeh Benedikt , Humke Clara , Bernatz Simon , Bodelle Boris , Würnschimmel Christoph , Tilki Derya , Huland Hartwig , Graefen Markus , Roos Frederik C. , Becker Andreas , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Chun Felix K. H. , Kluth Luis A. , Mandel Philipp
Published: February 2021

Purpose

To test the effect of anatomic variants of the prostatic apex overlapping the membranous urethra (Lee type classification), as well as median urethral sphincter length (USL) in preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) on the very early continence in open (ORP) and robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) patients.

Methods

In 128 consecutive patients (01/2018–12/2019), USL and the prostatic apex classified according to Lee types A–D in mpMRI prior to ORP or RARP were retrospectively analyzed. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify anatomic characteristics for very early continence rates, defined as urine loss of ≤ 1 g in the PAD-test.

Results

Of 128 patients with mpMRI prior to surgery, 76 (59.4%) underwent RARP vs. 52 (40.6%) ORP. In total, median USL was 15, 15 and 10 mm in the sagittal, coronal and axial dimensions. After stratification according to very early continence in the PAD-test (≤ 1 g vs. > 1 g), continent patients had significantly more frequently Lee type D (71.4 vs. 54.4%) and C (14.3 vs. 7.6%, p = 0.03). In multivariable logistic regression models, the sagittal median USL (odds ratio [OR] 1.03) and Lee type C (OR: 7.0) and D (OR: 4.9) were independent predictors for achieving very early continence in the PAD-test.

Conclusion

Patients’ individual anatomical characteristics in mpMRI prior to radical prostatectomy can be used to predict very early continence. Lee type C and D suggest being the most favorable anatomical characteristics. Moreover, longer sagittal median USL in mpMRI seems to improve very early continence rates.
„Du stehst unter genauer Beobachtung, unangenehmer Beobachtung“
Authors: Springer Nina , Troger Franziska
Published: February 2021

Der vorliegende Beitrag konzeptualisiert unterschiedliche Formen problematischen Publikumsfeedbacks als Ausdruck kommunikativer Gewalt, die bei Betroffenen Stress auslöst und Bewältigungsreaktionen in Gang setzt. Aufbauend auf dem Forschungsstand zur Wahrnehmung digitaler Sicherheit arbeiten wir heraus, dass Journalistinnen in besonderer Weise unter kommunikativer Gewalt leiden. Mithilfe von neun qualitativen Interviews mit betroffenen Journalistinnen im deutschsprachigen Raum untersuchen wir, (1) wie Journalistinnen die Situation wahrnehmen und bewerten, in der sie kommunikative Gewalt erlebten, und (2) welche Strategien für die Bewältigung dieser Situationen sie benutzten. Die Analyse der Interviews illustriert, wie Überraschung, Mangel an Kontrolle und Personalisierung Unsicherheit produzieren und Situationen dadurch ihr besonderes Stresspotential entfalten. Weiterhin wird deutlich, dass kommunikative Gewalt nicht nur publizistisch problematische Bewältigungsreaktionen (wie beispielsweise Selbstzensur) zeitigt, sondern auch Mechanismen auslösen kann, die publizistisch als wertvoll wahrgenommen werden (Selbstreflexion, Verantwortungsübernahme, Empathie). Die vorliegende Studie ergänzt den in der deutschsprachigen Journalistik im Wesentlichen auf quantitativen Daten beruhenden Forschungsstand und stellt Erkenntnisse für die Aus- und Weiterbildung sowie Medienpraxis zur Verfügung.
EMF 35 JMIP study for Japan’s long-term climate and energy policy: scenario designs and key findings
Authors: Sugiyama Masahiro , Fujimori Shinichiro , Wada Kenichi , Oshiro Ken , Kato Etsushi , Komiyama Ryoichi , Silva Herran Diego , Matsuo Yuhji , Shiraki Hiroto , Ju Yiyi
Published: February 2021

In June, 2019, Japan submitted its mid-century strategy to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and pledged 80% emissions cuts by 2050. The strategy has not gone through a systematic analysis, however. The present study, Stanford Energy Modeling Forum (EMF) 35 Japan Model Intercomparison project (JMIP), employs five energy-economic and integrated assessment models to evaluate the nationally determined contribution and mid-century strategy of Japan. EMF 35 JMIP conducts a suite of sensitivity analyses on dimensions including emissions constraints, technology availability, and demand projections. The results confirm that Japan needs to deploy all of its mitigation strategies at a substantial scale, including energy efficiency, electricity decarbonization, and end-use electrification. Moreover, they suggest that with the absence of structural changes in the economy, heavy industries will be one of the hardest to decarbonize. Partitioning of the sum of squares based on a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) reconfirms that mitigation strategies, such as energy efficiency and electrification, are fairly robust across models and scenarios, but that the cost metrics are uncertain. There is a wide gap of policy strength and breadth between the current policy instruments and those suggested by the models. Japan should strengthen its climate action in all aspects of society and economy to achieve its long-term target.
Effects of experiencing the role of imaginary future generations in decision-making: a case study of participatory deliberation in a Japanese town
Authors: Hara Keishiro , Kitakaji Yoko , Sugino Hiroaki , Yoshioka Ritsuji , Takeda Hiroyuki , Hizen Yoichi , Saijo Tatsuyoshi
Published: February 2021

To ensure sustainability, overcoming intergenerational conflict is vital, and social systems supporting decision-making that takes into account the benefits to future generations is thus critically important. One promising approach in such social systems is introducing “imaginary future generations” who act as representatives for the benefits of future generation in actual, present-day decision-making situations. In this study, we explore the effects and implications of participants’ experiences as representatives of imaginary future generation. We conducted a citizens’ participatory debate on creating a vision and appropriate policies associated with public facilities and housing in a town in Japan, and examined how the thinking patterns and decisions of the participants shifted as a result of debating from the perspectives of both current and imaginary future generations. Based on analyses of a questionnaire and the keywords in answers to a worksheet provided to the participants, we demonstrate that through their experiences as representatives of imaginary future generations, a clear shift in perspective occurred, with increases in self-reflective viewpoint. We also found that the shared viewpoints of the current and future generations existed within the individuals. These findings hint at how we can develop institutions and social systems that facilitate sustainable decision-making.
Ownership and inequalities: exploring UNEP’s Environmental Cooperation for Peacebuilding Program
Authors: Krampe Florian
Published: February 2021

The question of ownership—that is, who is included and excluded from policy processes—has become one of the most pressing issues in the global discourse on peace and conflict. While research shows that the inclusion of domestic actors is critical to success, broader international processes often neglect these actors. Focused on environmental peacebuilding—the sustainable management of natural resources in post-conflict settings—as an emerging area, this article employs qualitative content analysis (QCA) to study four core reports of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)’s Environmental Cooperation for Peacebuilding Programme (2008–2015). The results reveal that the framing of environmental peacebuilding in these documents contributes to power inequalities being reinforced. The reports’ language suggests that, overall, UNEP favors international ownership of environmental peacebuilding. By contrast, local actors—both state and non-state—appear to be considered a risk in the context of natural resource management. This article discusses the implications of this lack of inclusion for peacebuilding practice.
Conservative management of first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation
Authors: Schliemann Benedikt , Minkus Marvin , Seybold Dominik , Scheibel Markus
Published: February 2021

Traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation is a common injury in young and active patients and the proper treatment is still a matter of debate. The recurrence rate after conservative management remains high and, therefore, primary surgical intervention is sometimes recommended in very young patients whose risk of recurrences is highest. Immobilization in external rotation, first described by Itoi, is a promising conservative option as it provides adequate labral reduction and low recurrence rates. Recent meta-analyzes could not unequivocally demonstrate its superiority over internal rotation immobilization. However, biomechanical and early clinical results show a better effect on reduction of the labrum and lower recurrence rates for immobilization in a combination of abduction/external rotation than for external rotation alone. The present article aims to provide an overview of the conservative management of first-time traumatic shoulder dislocation in order to provide the treating physician or surgeon with the best current evidence as a basis for developing the appropriate treatment strategy for the patient.
Labral lesions in first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation: it’s more than just Bankart …
Authors: Schliemann B. , Dyrna F. , Kravchenko V. , Raschke M. J. , Katthagen J. C.
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation occurs frequently and usually affects young, active male patients. Detachment of the anteroinferior labrum, known as the Bankart lesion, is a common result. However, more extensive entities including bony lesions and disruptions of the labral ring can also be found. The aim of the present work was to analyze all cases of first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation at a level‑1 trauma center with regard to the type of labral lesion. Focus was placed on the frequency and distribution of complex lesions and the extent of the surgical repair.

Patients and methods

The clinical database of a level‑1 trauma center with a specialized shoulder unit was searched to identify all patients with first-time anterior shoulder dislocation treated between 2015 and 2019. Of 224 patients, 110 underwent primary surgical repair after first-time dislocation (mean age 40 years).

Results

A total of 62% of patients had only a soft tissue injury, while 38% (n = 40) showed a bony Bankart lesion/fracture of the glenoid fossa with a mean defect size of 26%. In only 31% of patients (n = 34), a classicBankart repair was performed, whereas the remaining 69% underwent additional procedures.

Conclusion

In this series of surgically treated first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations, the majority of cases presented with more complex lesions than an isolated classic Bankart lesion. The risk for bony involvement and associated pathologies, such as cuff tears and greater tuberosity fracture, increases with age and requires a more extensive surgical approach. Disruption of the labral ring was frequently found in both soft tissue and bony lesions and directly affected the surgical procedure.
A column-and-constraint generation algorithm for two-stage stochastic programming problems
Authors: Tönissen Denise D. , Arts Joachim J. , Shen Zuo-Jun Max
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a column-and-constraint generation algorithm for two-stage stochastic programming problems. A distinctive feature of the algorithm is that it does not assume fixed recourse and as a consequence the values and dimensions of the recourse matrix can be uncertain. The proposed algorithm contains multi-cut (partial) Benders decomposition and the deterministic equivalent model as special cases and can be used to trade-off computational speed and memory requirements. The algorithm outperforms multi-cut (partial) Benders decomposition in computational time and the deterministic equivalent model in memory requirements for a maintenance location routing problem. In addition, for instances with a large number of scenarios, the algorithm outperforms the deterministic equivalent model in both computational time and memory requirements. Furthermore, we present an adaptive relative tolerance for instances for which the solution time of the master problem is the bottleneck and the slave problems can be solved relatively efficiently. The adaptive relative tolerance is large in early iterations and converges to zero for the final iteration(s) of the algorithm. The combination of this relative adaptive tolerance with the proposed algorithm decreases the computational time of our instances even further.
Buckling Properties of a Subsea Function Chamber for Oil/Gas Processing in Deep Waters
Authors: Al-Hamati Amer Ali , Duan Menglan , An Chen , Guedes Soares C. , Estefen Segen
Published: February 2021

Due to the complexity of installations and connections of subsea production equipment and the massive structures involved in a challenging environment, the failure of subsea production equipment could induce enormous loss to the safety and reliability of structures in addition to the cost of the oilfield development. One of the challenges that the subsea production structures face, as it moves to ultra-deep water and polar underwater equipment, is to design subsea shell structures capable of withstanding high external pressures. Hence, a subsea function chamber (SFC) has been lately proposed as a viable solution, which has a high level of safety and reliability, and a technique for the subsea production system. This paper presents a general and efficient buckling and collapse analysis strategy. In this work, the SFC is composed of cylindrical and hemispherical shaped steel material. Initial imperfection-based nonlinear buckling analysis has been carried out to investigate the buckling and risks associated with different thicknesses of the structure. Linear and nonlinear static buckling analyses have been carried out using ABAQUS software. By introducing the nonlinear properties of materials, the nonlinear numerical model of SFC is established. The effects of the thickness of different models and the number of stiffeners on the buckling modes are discussed. The wall thickness is calculated by the Donnell equation and Timoshenko’s classical method. It has been found that the classical solutions given by the Donnell and Timoshenko equations are more accurate for structures with larger lengths and diam. The thickness and number of stiffeners have a great influence on the ultimate buckling external pressure load of SFC structure
Contextualizing Security Innovation: Responsible Research and Innovation at the Smart Border?
Authors: Klimburg-Witjes Nina , Huettenrauch Frederik C.
Published: February 2021

Current European innovation and security policies are increasingly channeled into efforts to address the assumed challenges that threaten European societies. A field in which this has become particularly salient is digitized EU border management. Here, the framework of responsible research and innovation (RRI) has recently been used to point to the alleged sensitivity of political actors towards the contingent dimensions of emerging security technologies. RRI, in general, is concerned with societal needs and the engagement and inclusion of various stakeholder groups in the research and innovation processes, aiming to anticipate undesired consequences of and identifying socially acceptable alternatives for emerging technologies. However, RRI has also been criticized as an industry-driven attempt to gain societal legitimacy for new technologies. In this article, we argue that while RRI evokes a space where different actors enter co-creative dialogues, it lays bare the specific challenges of governing security innovation in socially responsible ways. Empirically, we draw on the case study of BODEGA, the first EU funded research project to apply the RRI framework to the field of border security. We show how stakeholders involved in the project represent their work in relation to RRI and the resulting benefits and challenges they face. The paper argues that applying the framework to the field of (border) security lays bare its limitations, namely that RRI itself embodies a political agenda, conceals alternative experiences by those on whom security is enacted upon and that its key propositions of openness and transparency are hardly met in practice due to confidentiality agreements. Our hope is to contribute to work on RRI and emerging debates about how the concept can (or cannot) be contextualized for the field of security—a field that might be more in need than any other to consider the ethical dimension of its activities.
Pathways of Neutrophil Granulocyte Activation in Hereditary Angioedema with C1 Inhibitor Deficiency
Authors: Kajdácsi Erika , Veszeli Nóra , Mező Blanka , Jandrasics Zsófia , Kőhalmi Kinga Viktória , Ferrara Anne Lise , Cervenak László , Varga Lilian , Farkas Henriette
Published: February 2021

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1-inhibitor deficiency belongs to bradykinin-mediated angioedemas. It is characterized by recurrent subcutaneous and/or submucosal swelling episodes (HAE attacks) and erythema marginatum skin rash as a pre-attack (prodromal) phase. HAE attacks were shown to be accompanied by peripheral blood neutrophilia. We aimed to find molecular mechanisms that may explain the distinct role of neutrophil granulocytes in HAE. Plasma levels of blood cells and factors related to neutrophil activation (cytokines, chemokines, chemotactic factors, enzymes, and neutrophil extracellular trap) were measured in plasma samples obtained from patients during symptom-free periods (n = 77), during prodromal phase (n = 8) and attacks (n = 14), during a spontaneously resolved attack (n = 1), and in healthy controls (n = 79). Higher counts of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophil granulocytes were found in symptom-free patients compared with controls; these cell counts were elevated further during HAE attacks. The level of chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 5, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and myeloperoxidase were also higher in the symptom-free patients than in the controls. Levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, leukotriene B4, neutrophil elastase, and myeloperoxidase were elevated during attacks. During erythema marginatum, white blood cells and monocyte count and levels of interleukin 8 were elevated compared with symptom-free period. Similar changes were detected during the attack follow-up. We conclude that the activation of NGs in symptom-free periods and a further increase observed during attacks suggests that NGs may be involved in the pathomechanism of HAE with C1-INH deficiency.
Sternectomy for Candida albicans sternal osteomyelitis after left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Van Hemelrijck Mathias , Frank Michelle , Zinkernagel Annelies S. , Buechel Ronny , Sromicki Juri , Wilhelm Markus J. , Klein Holger , Hasse Barbara , Mestres Carlos A.
Published: February 2021

Fungal osteomyelitis is an uncommon complication after cardiac surgery and associated with high mortality. A case of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis osteomyelitis with device infection after implantation of a left ventricular assist device in a 60-year-old male patient is presented here. After clinical identification and confirmation with microbiological examinations and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan, debridement was performed. Surgical specimens grew C. albicans and S. epidermidis. Fluconazole, daptomycin, and negative pressure wound therapy were initiated, but failed to achieve healing. Total sternectomy and pectoralis flap reconstruction were performed. There was no recurrent infection for C. albicans on a prolonged antifungal regime. The combination of antifungal therapy and aggressive surgical debridement may be useful to control fungal osteomyelitis.
Glucose-limiting conditions induce an invasive population of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with increased connexin 43 expression and membrane localization
Authors: Jones Jennifer C. , Miceli Amanda M. , Chaudhry Mary M. , Kaunitz Chloe S. , Jai Mallika A. , Pancho Romel N. , Lazzar Alan , Taylor Bradley S. , Bodempudi Vishnupriya , Jain Prarthana P. , Hanjra Sheeri , Urban Alexander E. , Zanotti Brian , Kohlmeir Ellen K. , Bodenstine Thomas M.
Published: February 2021

Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is a homeostatic process mediated by membrane channels composed of a protein family known as connexins. Alterations to channel activity can modulate suppression or facilitation of cancer progression. These varying roles are influenced by the cancer cell genetic profile and the context-dependent mechanisms of a dynamic extracellular environment that encompasses fluctuations to nutrient availability. To better explore the effects of altered cellular metabolism on GJIC in breast cancer, we generated a derivative of the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 optimized for growth in low-glucose. Reduced availability of glucose is commonly encountered during tumor development and leads to metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 low-glucose adapted cells exhibited a larger size with improved cell–cell contact and upregulation of cadherin-11. Additionally, increased protein levels of connexin 43 and greater plasma membrane localization were observed with a corresponding improvement in GJIC activity compared to the parental cell line. Since GJIC has been shown to affect cellular invasion in multiple cancer cell types, we evaluated the invasive qualities of these cells using multiple three-dimensional Matrigel growth models. Results of these experiments demonstrated a significantly more invasive phenotype. Moreover, a decrease in invasion was noted when GJIC was inhibited. Our results indicate a potential response of triple-negative breast cancer cells to reduced glucose availability that results in changes to GJIC and invasiveness. Delineation of this relationship may help elucidate mechanisms by which altered cancer cell metabolism affects GJIC and how cancer cells respond to nutrient availability in this regard.
Can Animals Refer? Meta-Positioning Studies of Animal Semantics
Authors: Ongstad Sigmund
Published: February 2021

This meta-study applies a socio-semiotic framework combining five basic communicational aspects, form, content, act, time, and space, developed to help answering the questionCan animals refer?It further operates with four levels, sign, utterance, genre, and lifeworld, studying relations between utterance and genre in particular. Semantic key terms found in an excerpted ‘resource collection’ consisting of three anthologies, two academic journals, and a monography, studying content in animal communication, are inspected, and discussed, especially information, functional reference, and reference. Since a temporary inspection concluded that the field seems unable to give convincing joint answers, the scope of the meta-study was extended to include critical investigations of implicit communicational epistemologies applied in the sources. Two major challenges were brought to surface. Firstly, the problem of conflicting interrelatedness in animal utterances (parts versus whole). Positioning analyses revealed that theories and project-designs were mostly dyadic, prioritising form/content, content/function, or function/form, and rarely form/content/function, as a whole. The second concerned the issue of functional openness of animal communication systems. The meta-study found that more recent studies tend to reduce an essentialist search for ‘clear’ categories in favor of more complex designs, where focus is less on references in utterances as such and more on a species’ communicational system. This shift in turn leads to a problematisation of the role of context, kinds of communication (life-genres) and semantic levels in animal utterances, in other words, on animal communication for particular species as a whole.
Infantile Hämangiome
Authors: Volc-Platzer Beatrix
Published: February 2021

Die Prävalenz des infantilen Hämangioms beträgt 4,5 %. Am häufigsten finden sich Hämangiome am Stamm und an den Extremitäten. Risikolokalisationen sind der Kopf-Hals- und der Anogenitalbereich. Charakteristisch ist ein rasches Wachstum bis zum Erreichen von ca. 80 % der maximalen Größe bis zum Ende des dritten Lebensmonats. Auf die Wachstumsphase folgt eine spontane Regression bis zum Ende des 4. Lebensjahres. Die meisten Hämangiome sind unkompliziert, klein und erfordern keine Therapie. Dennoch sind engmaschige Kontrollen in den ersten Lebenswochen erforderlich, um IH mit erhöhtem Risiko rechtzeitig zu identifizieren und zu behandeln. Zu den Indikationen für eine Behandlung zählen Einschränkung der Atmung durch paraglottische oder -tracheale Lokalisation, eine drohende Herzinsuffizienz bei großen Hämangiomen, funktionelle Einschränkungen bis zur Amblyopie bei periokulärer Lokalisation, Behinderung der Nasenatmung durch IH am Naseneingang, Ulzeration von IH im Lippen- oder Genitalbereich, und – last but not least – kosmetische Beeinträchtigungen. Die Entdeckung des therapeutischen Potenzials von oralem Propranolol hat nicht nur das Therapiekonzept revolutioniert, sondern auch neue Erkenntnisse für die vaskuläre Biologie ermöglicht. Trotz raschen Ansprechens auf den systemischen Betablocker sollte eine Therapiedauer von 6 Monaten nicht unterschritten werden. Dermatologen und Dermatologinnen, Pädiater und Pädiaterinnen sowie Allgemeinmediziner sind gefordert, Hämangiome so früh wie möglich zu erkennen, um Risiko-Hämangiome im frühen Stadium der Proliferation zu erkennen und eine adäquate Therapie zu ermöglichen. Klinische Studien zur Evaluierung der Langzeitsicherheit von Propranolol sind erforderlich.
Was kommt dort durch die Luft geflogen …?
Authors: Maier Harald
Published: February 2021

Die Larven des 4. bis 6. Stadiums des Eichenprozessionspinners sind mit Brennhärchen (Setae) bewehrt, welche bei Mensch und Tier heftige entzündliche Haut- und Schleimhautreaktionen (Lepidopterismus) hervorrufen. Die Übertragung erfolgt sehr häufig aerogen, oder durch direkten Kontakt. Durch den Befall von Bäumen im urbanen Grünbereich ist die Fallzahl – vor allem in Jahren mit Massenvermehrung des Forstparasiten – sehr groß. Da die Dunkelziffer sehr hoch ist, sollten Ärzte und Ärztinnen bei Patienten mit juckenden, asymmetrisch verteilten papulösen oder urtikariellen Exanthemen an die Möglichkeit des Vorliegens einer Raupendermatitis denken. Meiden der Befallsgebiete bzw. Tragen von persönlicher Schutzkleidung bei Außenarbeitern, stellen die besten präventiven Maßnahmen dar.
Moral Uncanny Valley: A Robot’s Appearance Moderates How its Decisions are Judged
Authors: Laakasuo Michael , Palomäki Jussi , Köbis Nils
Published: February 2021

Artificial intelligence and robotics are rapidly advancing. Humans are increasingly often affected by autonomous machines making choices with moral repercussions. At the same time, classical research in robotics shows that people are adverse to robots that appear eerily human—a phenomenon commonly referred to as the uncanny valley effect. Yet, little is known about how machines’ appearances influence how human evaluate their moral choices. Here we integrate the uncanny valley effect into moral psychology. In two experiments we test whether humans evaluate identical moral choices made by robots differently depending on the robots’ appearance. Participants evaluated either deontological (“rule based”) or utilitarian (“consequence based”) moral decisions made by different robots. The results provide first indication that people evaluate moral choices by robots that resemble humans as less moral compared to the same moral choices made by humans or non-human robots: a moral uncanny valley effect. We discuss the implications of our findings for moral psychology, social robotics and AI-safety policy.