bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A High Efficient and Real Time Data Aggregation Scheme for WSNs
Authors: Du Tao , Qu Zhe , Guo Qingbei , Qu Shouning
Published: June 2015

Data aggregation is an important method of improving transmitting efficiency of WSNs, but existing researches have some disadvantages as follows: several periods delay will be generated when filtering messages; the reduplicated messages filtering ratio is low; complex calculations need to be executed; and extra hardware should be added to obtain high performance. To resolve these problems, this paper proposes a real time and high efficient data aggregation scheme (dynamical message list based data aggregation, DMLDA) based on clustering routing algorithm. DMLDA includes three procedures: activating nodes, clustering nodes, and filtering messages. In filtering procedure, a special data structure named dynamic list will be established in every filtering node; it is designed to store messages transmitted by filtering node, and, comparing current message with list's items, the message's redundancy can be judged without any delay. To improve the filtering efficiency, the message list can be adjusted dynamically. The three procedures of data aggregation are all introduced, and the filtering method is designed in detail in this paper. At last, a series of experiments are simulated to prove our scheme's performance, and the advantages are analyzed in theory.
A MicroRNA-Transcription Factor Blueprint for Early Atrial Arrhythmogenic Remodeling
Authors: Torrado Mario , Franco Diego , Lozano-Velasco Estefanía , Hernández-Torres Francisco , Calviño Ramón , Aldama Guillermo , Centeno Alberto , Castro-Beiras Alfonso , Mikhailov Alexander
Published: June 2015

Spontaneous self-terminating atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common heart rhythm disorders, yet the regulatory molecular mechanisms underlying this syndrome are rather unclear. MicroRNA (miRNA) transcriptome and expression of candidate transcription factors (TFs) with potential roles in arrhythmogenesis, such asPitx2,Tbx5, and myocardin (Myocd), were analyzed by microarray, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting in left atrial (LA) samples from pigs with transitory AF established by right atrial tachypacing. Induced ectopic tachyarrhythmia caused rapid and substantial miRNA remodeling associated with a marked downregulation ofPitx2,Tbx5, andMyocdexpression in atrial myocardium. The downregulation ofPitx2,Tbx5, andMyocdwas inversely correlated with upregulation of the corresponding targeting miRNAs (miR-21, miR-10a/10b, and miR-1, resp.) in the LA of paced animals. Throughin vitrotransient transfections of HL-1 atrial myocytes, we further showed that upregulation of miR-21 did result in downregulation ofPitx2in cardiomyocyte background. The results suggest that immediate-early miRNA remodeling coupled with deregulation of TF expression underlies the onset of AF.
Clinical Outcomes of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction with Accelerated Cross-Linking (ReLEx SMILE Xtra) in Patients with Thin Corneas and Borderline Topography
Authors: Ganesh Sri , Brar Sheetal
Published: June 2015

Purpose. To study the safety and clinical outcomes of ReLEx SMILE with accelerated cross-linking in individuals with thinner corneas, borderline topography, and higher refractive errors.Methods. Eligible patients first underwent SMILE procedure for correction of myopic refractive error. Following the removal of lenticule, 0.25% riboflavin in saline was injected into the interface and allowed to diffuse for 60 seconds. Finally, eye was exposed to UV-A radiation of 45 mW/cm2for 75 seconds through the cap. Total energy delivered was 3.4 J/cm2.Results. 40 eyes of 20 patients with mean age of 26.75 ± 5.99 years were treated. Mean follow-up was 12 months ± 28.12 days. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) was −5.02 ± 2.06 D preoperatively and −0.24 ± 0.18 D postoperatively. The mean central corneal thickness (CCT) and keratometry changed from 501 ± 25.90 µm to 415 ± 42.26 µm and 45.40 ± 1.40 D to 41.2 ± 2.75 D, respectively. Mean uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 20/25 or better in all eyes. No eyes lost lines of corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA). There were no complications like haze, keratitis, ectasia, or regression.Conclusion. Based on the initial clinical outcome it appears that SMILE Xtra may be a safe and feasible modality to prevent corneal ectasia in susceptible individuals.
Banknote Validation through an Embedded RFID Chip and an NFC-Enabled Smartphone
Authors: Eldefrawy Mohamed Hamdy , Khan Muhammad Khurram
Published: June 2015

With the new, state-of-the-art printing devices and equipment, there has been rapid growth in the counterfeiting of banknotes. Traditional security features on banknotes are easy targets for counterfeiters, and they can easily imitate the original banknotes with fake ones. Conventional methods for validating currency require specialized devices for the authentication of banknotes. However, cost and lack of mobility of sophisticated banknote validation devices are big problems for general consumers. Modern digital solutions are attempting to complement the traditional security features through embedding radio frequency identification (RFID) chips in the banknotes, for example, Euro currency. Unfortunately, the requirement of specialized RFID readers for banknote validation impedes their widespread proliferation among consumers. To overcome this problem, a new method of banknote validation using an RFID chip and an NFC-enabled smartphone is presented. The consumer sends a banknote validation request to the Monetary Agency (MA) using her or his smartphone and an Internet connection. TheMAreplies by sending a random challenge to the consumer’s smartphone. The RFID chip in the banknote receives the challenge, via the NFC, and calculates an equivalent response to theMA’s challenge. If any of the messages are incorrect, authentication is denied. By the proposed method, consumers can easily and instantly check the originality of currency notes with theMAusing their smartphones and an Internet connection. The proposed system is less expensive, computationally, than regular methods and preserves the privacy of people who carry banknotes.
Density Functional Theory Study on the Electronic Structures of Oxadiazole Based Dyes as Photosensitizer for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Mehmood Umer , Hussein Ibnelwaleed A. , Harrabi Khalil , Ahmed Shakeel
Published: June 2015

The molecular structures and UV-visible absorption spectra of complex photosensitizers comprising oxadiazole isomers as theπ-bridges were analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT. The ground state and excited state oxidation potentials, HOMOs and LUMOs energy levels, and electron injection from the dyes to semiconductor TiO2have been computed in vacuum here. The results show that all of the dyes may potentially be good photosensitizers in DSSC. To justify the simulation basis, N3 dye was also simulated under the similar conditions. Simulated absorption spectrum, HOMO, LUMO, and band gap values of N3 were compared with the experimental values. We also computed the electronic structure properties and absorption spectra of dye/(TiO2)8systems to elucidate the electron injection efficiency at the interface. This work is expected to give proper orientation for experimental synthesis.
Rat Models of Diet-Induced Obesity and High Fat/Low Dose Streptozotocin Type 2 Diabetes: Effect of Reversal of High Fat Diet Compared to Treatment with Enalapril or Menhaden Oil on Glucose Utilization and Neuropathic Endpoints
Authors: Holmes Amey , Coppey Lawrence J. , Davidson Eric P. , Yorek Mark A.
Published: July 2015

We examined whether reversal of high fat diet, stimulating weight loss, compared to two treatments previously shown to have beneficial effects, could improve glucose utilization and peripheral neuropathy in animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Rats were fed a high fat diet and treated with a low dose of streptozotocin to create models of diet induced obesity or type 2 diabetes, respectively. Afterwards, rats were transferred to a normal diet or treated with enalapril or dietary enrichment with menhaden oil for 12 weeks. Obesity and to a greater extent type 2 diabetes were associated with impaired glucose utilization and peripheral neuropathy. Placing obese rats on a normal diet improved glucose utilization. Steatosis but not peripheral neuropathy was improved after placing obese or diabetic rats on a normal diet. Treating obese and diabetic rats with enalapril or a menhaden oil enriched diet generally improved peripheral neuropathy endpoints. In summary, dietary improvement with weight loss in obese or type 2 diabetic rats was not sufficient to correct peripheral neuropathy. These results further stress the need for discovery of a comprehensive treatment for peripheral neuropathy.
Gestational Weight Gain and Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in a Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Matsumiya Hiroko , Saito Naotaka , Minakami Hisanori , Kataoka Soromon
Published: June 2015

Preeclamptic twin pregnancy with larger gestational weight gain (GWG) is suggested to have a higher risk of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). This was true in a 5-year experience at a single center. A primiparous woman with twins and prepregnancy weight of 51.0 kg exhibited hypertension at gestational week (GW) 32−6/7and GWG of 18.3 kg (6.0 kg and 2.9 kg during the last four weeks and one week of gestation, resp.) concomitant with generalized edema, gave birth at GW 34−4/7, developed proteinuria, cough, and dyspnea postpartum, and was diagnosed with preeclampsia and PPCM showing left ventricular ejection fraction of 34% and plasma BNP level of 1530 pg/mL. This was the only case of PPCM among 101 (12 with preeclampsia) and 3266 women with twin and singleton pregnancies, respectively. Thus, PPCM occurred significantly more often in women with preeclamptic twin pregnancies than in women with singleton pregnancies (8.3% [1/12] versus 0.0% [0/3266],P=0.0355). This patient showed the greatest weight gain of 6.0 kg during the last four weeks of gestation and the greatest weight loss of 19.2 kg during one month postpartum among 90 women with twin deliveries at GW ≥ 32.
Quality Degradation of Chinese White Lotus Seeds Caused by Dampening during Processing and Storage: Rapid and Nondestructive Discrimination Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Lu , Fu Hai-Yan , Cai Chen-Bo , She Yuan-Bin
Published: June 2015

Dampening during processing or storage can largely influence the quality of white lotus seeds (WLS). This paper investigated the feasibility of using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics for rapid and nondestructive discrimination of the dampened WLS. Regular (n=167) and dampened (n=118) WLS objects were collected from five main producing areas and NIR reflectance spectra (4000–12000 cm−1) were measured for bare kernels. The influence of spectral preprocessing methods, including smoothing, taking second-order derivatives (D2), and standard normal variate (SNV), on partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLSDA) was compared to select the optimal data preprocessing method. A moving-window strategy was combined with PLSDA (MWPLSDA) to select the most informative wavelength intervals for classification. Based on the selected spectral ranges, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 0.927, 0.950, and 0.937 for SNV-MWPLSDA, respectively.
Cognitive Self-Scheduled Mechanism for Access Control in Noisy Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Manzano Mario , Espinosa Felipe , Bravo-Santos Ángel M. , Gardel-Vicente Alfredo
Published: June 2015

Within the challenging environment of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), networked control systems such as platooning guidance of autonomous vehicles require innovative mechanisms to provide real-time communications. Although several proposals are currently under discussion, the design of a rapid, efficient, flexible, and reliable medium access control mechanism which meets the specific constraints of such real-time communications applications remains unsolved in this highly dynamic environment. However, cognitive radio (CR) combines the capacity to sense the radio spectrum with the flexibility to adapt to transmission parameters in order to maximize system performance and has thus become an effective approach for the design of dynamic spectrum access (DSA) mechanisms. This paper presents the enhanced noncooperative cognitive division multiple access (ENCCMA) proposal combining time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) schemes with CR techniques to obtain a mechanism fulfilling the requirements of real-time communications. The analysis presented here considers the IEEE WAVE and 802.11p as reference standards; however, the proposed medium access control (MAC) mechanism can be adapted to operate on the physical layer of different standards. The mechanism also offers the advantage of avoiding signaling, thus enhancing system autonomy as well as behavior in adverse scenarios.
IUmote: A Framework for the Efficient Modelling, Evaluation, and Deployment of Algorithms and Hardware for Underwater Communications
Authors: Sanchez Antonio , Perles Angel , Yuste Pedro , Capella Juan V. , Serrano Juan Jose
Published: June 2015

We present an approach for the modelling and simulating of the modem section of underwater sensor networks. The proposal is based on a specially designed modem architecture and the use of simulation tools and models that represent each of the communication elements: the water medium, physical transducers, electronics, and coding/decoding software. The algorithms can be simulated in the modelling environment; this framework does not require recoding and allows the combination of real and modelled elements. In physical terms, the modem engine provides a decoupled pipelined design of the processing path for the algorithms which allows users to run complex algorithms without requiring a highly demanding specific hardware. The proposal includes a methodology that has allowed us to significantly reduce the effort required in the process, from algorithm development to the effective deployment of the system. As a case study, this paper shows its application and results in the evaluation of a multipath and Doppler-shift correction algorithms.
Endometrial Stromal Nodule: A Rarity and a Pathological Challenge
Authors: Borg Camilla Skovvang , Humaidan Peter , Noer Hanne , Majeed Huda Galib
Published: June 2015

Endometrial stromal tumors are rare, and endometrial stromal nodule is the least common. In the region of Middle Jutland, Denmark, only two cases are reported since 1995. The nodules are benign; nevertheless, hysterectomy is the treatment of choice. Tumor margins are required for diagnosis and essential to differentiate it from an invasive stromal sarcoma whose prognosis is very different. We report a rare case of a 38-year-old woman, with presurgical diagnosis of a uterine tumor/polyp. She presented with nausea and changes in bleeding pattern and initially had a transcervical polyp resection performed. Histopathological examination showed the presence of an endometrial stromal tumor with unclear margins, and an invasive malignant endometrial sarcoma could not be excluded. Pathological examination revealed an endometrial stromal nodule with invasion, not exceeding three mm. Endometrial stromal tumors are interesting due to their rare existence and difficulties in establishing a histological diagnosis. Although endometrial stromal nodules are benign entities, they must be differentiated from the other invasive malignant stromal tumors, which may change the final prognosis. No preoperative diagnostic tools are at hand, and benign as well as malignant tumors are treated with hysterectomy.
4-Nitroaniline Degradation by TiO2Catalyst Doping with Manganese
Authors: Zheng Kai , Zhang Tong-chao , Lin Pin , Han Yu-hua , Li Hong-yi , Ji Ren-jie , Zhang Hai-yun
Published: June 2015

Stainless steel anode covered with layer film of TiO2doped with manganese was utilized to decompose 4-nitroaniline in rectangular borosilicate glass reactor, while stainless steel mesh was chosen as cathode; the anode and cathode were connected to the direct-current power; meantime two 60 W (λmax= 365 nm) UV lamps were used as light source. The microstructures on TiO2before and after being doped with manganese were analyzed by energy disperse X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The performance of degradation of 4-nitroaniline was evaluated by analyzing cracking ratio of 4-nitroaniline ring, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) in remaining solution. Monitored parameters during all the photocatalytic reaction including dissolved oxygen, direct voltage, and radiation dosage of ultraviolet rays were investigated. When dissolved oxygen concentration, direct voltage, and radiation dosage of ultraviolet rays were, respectively, equivalent to 9 mg/L, 24 V, and 1200 μW/cm2, the degradation ratio of 4-nitroaniline reached maximum. The experimental results indicated that cracking ratio of 4-nitroaniline ring and the removal ratio of COD and TOC were, respectively, more than 99%, 85%, and 80% when reaction was run for 10 hours. The values of COD and TOC were, respectively, less than 16 mg/L and 8 mg/L while the experiment was finished.
miR-27 and miR-125 Distinctly Regulate Muscle-Enriched Transcription Factors in Cardiac and Skeletal Myocytes
Authors: Lozano-Velasco Estefania , Galiano-Torres Jennifer , Jodar-Garcia Alvaro , Aranega Amelia E. , Franco Diego
Published: June 2015

MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs of approximately 22–24 nucleotides which are capable of interacting with the 3′ untranslated region of coding RNAs (mRNAs), leading to mRNA degradation and/or protein translation blockage. In recent years, differential microRNA expression in distinct cardiac development and disease contexts has been widely reported, yet the role of individual microRNAs in these settings remains largely unknown. We provide herein evidence of the role of miR-27 and miR-125 regulating distinct muscle-enriched transcription factors. Overexpression of miR-27 leads to impair expression ofMstnandMyocdin HL1 atrial cardiomyocytes but not in Sol8 skeletal muscle myoblasts, while overexpression of miR-125 resulted in selective upregulation ofMef2din HL1 atrial cardiomyocytes and downregulation in Sol8 cells. Taken together our data demonstrate that a single microRNA, that is, miR-27 or miR-125, can selectively upregulate and downregulate discrete number of target mRNAs in a cell-type specific manner.
Analysis of Th17 and Tc17 Frequencies and Antiviral Defenses in Gut‐Associated Lymphoid Tissue of Chronic HIV‐1 Positive Patients
Authors: d’Ettorre Gabriella , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Andreotti Mauro , Selvaggi Carla , Giustini Noemi , Serafino Sara , Schietroma Ivan , Nunnari Giuseppe , Antonelli Guido , Vullo Vincenzo , Scagnolari Carolina
Published: June 2015

The complex relationship between both the Th1/Th17 and Tc1/Tc17 axis and innate defences in the intestinal mucosa during HIV‐1 infection has not been well characterized. This study examined the frequency, phenotype, and functional status of T cell populations in the gut‐associated lymphoid tissue and peripheral blood of virologically suppressed HIV‐1‐infected patients on therapy, focusing on the Th1, Th17, Tc1, and Tc17 cell subsets. We found a persistent immune cell activation (CD38 and HLADR expression) into the GALT despite the higher levels of Th17 and Tc17 in respect to peripheral blood. An upregulation of type I IFN response in GALT compared to the peripheral blood compartment was also recorded. Furthermore, IFN‐α/β levels were negatively related to the frequencies of Th1 naïve cells and Tc1 cell subsets (naïve, central memory, and effector memory) in the GALT. In contrast, no relationships between type I IFN response and Th1 or Tc1 cell subsets in peripheral blood compartment and between IFN‐α/β and Th17/Tc17 in both GALT and peripheral blood district were recorded. These data indicate that prolonged antiretroviral treatment improves GALT immune function despite the persistence of immune activation and type I IFN response in chronic HIV‐1 positive patients.
Mild Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Reduces the Susceptibility of the Heart to Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Identification of Underlying Gene Expression Changes
Authors: Korkmaz-Icöz Sevil , Lehner Alice , Li Shiliang , Vater Adrian , Radovits Tamás , Hegedűs Péter , Ruppert Mihály , Brlecic Paige , Zorn Markus , Karck Matthias , Szabó Gábor
Published: July 2015

Despite clinical studies indicating that diabetic hearts are more sensitive to ischemia/reperfusion injury, experimental data is contradictory. Although mild diabetes prior to ischemia/reperfusion may induce a myocardial adaptation, further research is still needed. Nondiabetic Wistar (W) and type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats (16-week-old) underwent 45 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and 24 h reperfusion. The plasma glucose level was significantly higher in diabetic rats compared to the nondiabetics. Diabetes mellitus was associated with ventricular hypertrophy and increased interstitial fibrosis. Inducing myocardial infarction increased the glucose levels in diabetic compared to nondiabetic rats. Furthermore, the infarct size was smaller in GK rats than in the control group. Systolic and diastolic functions were impaired in W + MI and did not reach statistical significance in GK + MI animals compared to the corresponding controls. Among the 125 genes surveyed, 35 genes showed a significant change in expression in GK + MI compared to W + MI rats. Short-term diabetes promotes compensatory mechanisms that may provide cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury, at least in part, by increased antioxidants and the upregulation of the prosurvival PI3K/Akt pathway, by the downregulation of apoptotic genes, proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, profibrogenic TGF-β, and hypertrophic markerα-actin-1.
H.264 SVC Complexity Reduction Based on Likelihood Mode Decision
Authors: Balaji L. , Thyagharajan K. K.
Published: June 2015

H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) was prolonged to Scalable Video Coding (SVC). SVC executes in different electronics gadgets such as personal computer, HDTV, SDTV, IPTV, and full‐HDTV in which user demands various scaling of the same content. The various scaling is resolution, frame rate, quality, heterogeneous networks, bandwidth, and so forth. Scaling consumes more encoding time and computational complexity during mode selection. In this paper, to reduce encoding time and computational complexity, a fast mode decision algorithm based on likelihood mode decision (LMD) is proposed. LMD is evaluated in both temporal and spatial scaling. From the results, we conclude that LMD performs well, when compared to the previous fast mode decision algorithms. The comparison parameters are time, PSNR, and bit rate. LMD achieve time saving of 66.65% with 0.05% detriment in PSNR and 0.17% increment in bit rate compared with the full search method.
Vibration Control of the Boom System of Truck-Mounted Concrete Pump Based on Constant-Position Commandless Input Shaping Technique
Authors: Liu Rongsheng , Gao Yingjie , Yang Sen , Yang Yulin
Published: July 2015

Vibration of the boom system is inevitably caused by periodic disturbances, which are induced by pumping concrete. In this paper, an active control strategy of constant-position commandless input shaping technique is developed to suppress vibration. Based on a set of independent modal equations obtained by adopting modal approach, the double-impulse control with reverse direction is proposed, which is aiming at not only suppressing vibration, but also avoiding the variation of the equilibrium position of the boom system after active control action. And the characteristic of time-lag existing in real system is also taken into account for optimizing the control action. Experiments of vibration control were implemented on a 52-meter-long five-boom system to verify the proposed control strategy.
Constrained Fuzzy Predictive Control Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Ait Sahed Oussama , Kara Kamel , Hadjili Mohamed Laid
Published: June 2015

A fuzzy predictive controller using particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach is proposed. The aim is to develop an efficient algorithm that is able to handle the relatively complex optimization problem with minimal computational time. This can be achieved using reduced population size and small number of iterations. In this algorithm, instead of using the uniform distribution as in the conventional PSO algorithm, the initial particles positions are distributed according to the normal distribution law, within the area around the best position. The radius limiting this area is adaptively changed according to the tracking error values. Moreover, the choice of the initial best position is based on prior knowledge about the search space landscape and the fact that in most practical applications the dynamic optimization problem changes are gradual. The efficiency of the proposed control algorithm is evaluated by considering the control of the model of a 4 × 4 Multi-Input Multi-Output industrial boiler. This model is characterized by being nonlinear with high interactions between its inputs and outputs, having a nonminimum phase behaviour, and containing instabilities and time delays. The obtained results are compared to those of the control algorithms based on the conventional PSO and the linear approach.
Design, Repeatability, and Comparison to Literature Data of a New Noninvasive Device Called “Rotameter” to Measure Rotational Knee Laxity
Authors: Neumann Simon , Maas Stefan , Waldmann Danièle , Ricci Pierre-Louis , Zürbes Arno , Arnoux Pierre-Jean , Kelm Jens
Published: June 2015

The present paper deals with the design, the repeatability, and the comparison to literature data of a new measuring device called “Rotameter” to characterize the rotational knee laxity or the tibia-femoral rotation (TFR). The initial prototype P1 of the Rotameter is shortly introduced and then modified according to trials carried out on a prosthetic leg and on five healthy volunteers, leading therefore to an improved prototype P2. A comparison of results obtained from P1 and P2 with the same male subject shows the enhancements of P2. Intertester and intratester repeatability of this new device were shown and it was observed that rotational laxities of left and right knees are the same for a healthy subject. Moreover, a literature review showed that measurements with P2 presented lower TFR values than other noninvasive devices. The measured TFR versus torque characteristic was quite similar to other invasive devices, which are more difficult to use and harmful to the patient. Hence, our prototype P2 proved to be an easy-to-use and suitable device for quantifying rotational knee laxity. A forthcoming study will validate the Rotameter thanks to an approach based on computed tomography in order to evaluate its precision.
A Review of Spectral Methods for Dispersion Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Suspensions
Authors: Njuguna Jidraph , Vanli O. Arda , Liang Richard
Published: June 2015

Characterization is a crucial step in the study of properties of nanomaterials to evaluate their full potential in applications. Carbon nanotube-based materials have properties that are sensitive to size, shape, concentration, and agglomeration state. It is therefore critical to quantitatively characterize these factors in situ, while the processing takes place. Traditional characterization techniques that rely on microscopy are often time consuming and in most cases provide qualitative results. Spectroscopy has been studied as an alternative tool for identifying, characterizing, and studying these materials in situ and in a quantitative way. In this paper, we provide a critical review of the spectroscopy techniques used to explore the surface properties (e.g., dispersion) characteristics of carbon nanotubes in aqueous suspensions during the sonication process.
RPL Mobility Support for Point-to-Point Traffic Flows towards Mobile Nodes
Authors: Carels David , De Poorter Eli , Moerman Ingrid , Demeester Piet
Published: June 2015

The “routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks” (RPL) from the IETF ROLL working group is a widely used standard to support routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although the RPL protocol was originally designed with static topologies in mind, recently a number of extensions have been proposed to support traffic flows from mobile nodes towards a static gateway. However, this paper demonstrates that these solutions do not support traffic flows going the other direction, for example, from the gateway towards mobile devices. To remedy this, the paper first analyses the problems that prevent reliable traffic flows towards mobile devices when using RPL. Afterwards, a new mechanism to improve downward route updating is proposed. Our new approach minimizes the probability of connectivity loss by ensuring that the internal state of the static network remains consistent. Our solution is implemented and evaluated using both simulation tools and experimental facilities and it is shown that it improves the end-to-end packet delivery ratio to mobile nodes from 20–30% up to 80% while reducing the overall RPL signalling overhead without the use of location information.
Hemostatic Parameters according to Renal Function and Time after Transplantation in Brazilian Renal Transplanted Patients
Authors: Mota Ana Paula Lucas , Alpoim Patrícia Nessralla , Figueiredo Roberta Carvalho de , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina , Braga Gomes Karina , Dusse Luci Maria SantAna
Published: July 2015

Kidney transplantation is the key for patients with end-stage renal disease, improving quality of life and longer survival. However, kidney transplant triggers an intense inflammatory response and alters the hemostatic system, but the pathophysiological mechanisms of these changes are not completely understood. The aim of this cross-sectional cohort study was to investigate hemostatic biomarkers in Brazilian renal transplanted patients according to renal function and time after transplantation. A total of 159 renal transplanted patients were enrolled and D-Dimer (D-Di), Thrombomodulin (TM), von Willebrand Factor (VWF), and ADAMTS13 plasma levels were assessed by ELISA. An increase of D-Di was observed in patients with higher levels of creatinine. ADAMTS13 levels were associated with creatinine plasma levels and D-Di levels with Glomerular Filtration Rate. These results suggested that D-Di and ADAMTS13 can be promising markers to estimate renal function. ADAMTS13 should be investigated throughout the posttransplant time to clarify the participation of this enzyme in glomerular filtration and acceptance or rejection of the graft in Brazilian transplanted patients.
Aortico-Left Atrial Fistula: A Rare Complication of Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Endocarditis Secondary toEnterococcus faecalis
Authors: Agrawal Abhinav , Amor Martin Miguel , Iyer Deepa , Parikh Manan , Cohen Marc
Published: June 2015

Paravalvular aortic root abscess with intracardiac fistula formation is an exceedingly rare complication of infective endocarditis. This condition is even more rarely encountered in patients with bioprosthetic valve endocarditis. We report an unusual case of a 68-year-old Bosnian female with a bioprosthetic aortic valve, who developed an extensive aortic root abscess, complicated by an aortico-left atrial intracardiac fistula. This case illustrates that a high index of suspicion, prompt diagnosis by echocardiography, proper antibiotic therapy, and early surgical intervention are crucial to improving treatment outcomes for this rare condition.
Secure Two-Party Distance Computation Protocols with a Semihonest Third Party and Randomization for Privacy Protection in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Huang Haiping , Gong Tianhe , Chen Ping , Qiu Guoxia , Wang Ruchuan
Published: July 2015

Scenarios in which two nodes who distrust each other in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) would like to know the distance between them are considered. The scenario is designed to protect the private information of WSNs, in this case each node's location, from the other nodes and from a passive attacker. The goal of the present work is to provide two novel and secure two-party distance computation protocols based on a semihonest model, the first with aid of a third party and the second based on randomization technique. Both of these protocols can extend the calculated value into a real number field. The output of the distance computation and the intermediate values in the proposed protocols are also private and not accessible to a third party or any other attackers. When executing these two protocols, security is guaranteed, and the performances of communication and computation of them are found to be satisfactory when compared to those of other similar protocols.
Evaluation of Single-Impact-Induced Cartilage Degeneration by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: de Bont Florence , Brill Nicolai , Schmitt Robert , Tingart Markus , Rath Björn , Pufe Thomas , Jahr Holger , Nebelung Sven
Published: July 2015

Posttraumatic osteoarthritis constitutes a major cause of disability in our increasingly elderly population. Unfortunately, current imaging modalities are too insensitive to detect early degenerative changes of this disease. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising nondestructive imaging technique that allows surface and subsurface imaging of cartilage, at near-histological resolution, and is principally applicablein vivoduring arthroscopy. Thirty-four macroscopically normal human cartilage-bone samples obtained from total joint replacements were subjected to standardized single impactsin vitro(range: 0.25 J to 0.98 J). 3D OCT measurements of impact area and adjacent tissue were performed prior to impaction, directly after impaction, and 1, 4, and 8 days later. OCT images were assessed qualitatively (DJD classification) and quantitatively using established parameters (OII, Optical Irregularity Index; OHI, Optical Homogeneity Index; OAI, Optical Attenuation Index) and compared to corresponding histological sections. WhileOAIandOHIscores were not significantly changed in response to low- or moderate-impact energies, high-impact energies significantly increased mean DJD grades (histology and OCT) andOIIscores. In conclusion, OCT-based parameterization and quantification are able to reliably detect loss of cartilage surface integrity after high-energy traumatic insults and hold potential to be used for clinical screening of early osteoarthritis.
Lymphatic Malformation, Retinoblastoma, or Facial Cleft: Atypical Presentations of PHACE Syndrome
Authors: Fernández-Ibieta María , López-Gutiérrez Juan Carlos
Published: June 2015

PHACE syndrome is a neurocutaneous disorder characterized by large cervicofacial infantile hemangiomas and associated anomalies: posterior fossa brain malformation, hemangioma, arterial cerebrovascular anomalies, coarctation of the aorta and cardiac defects, and eye/endocrine abnormalities of the brain. When ventral developmental defects (sternal clefting or supraumbilical raphe) are present the condition is termed PHACE. In this report, we describe three PHACE cases that presented unique features (affecting one of the organ systems described for this syndrome) that have not been described previously. In the first case, a definitive PHACE association, the patient presented with an ipsilateral mesenteric lymphatic malformation, at the age of 14 years. In the second case, an anomaly of the posterior segment of the eye, not mentioned before in PHACE literature, a retinoblastoma, has been described. Specific chemotherapy avoided enucleation. And, in the third case, the child presented with an unusual midline frontal bone cleft, corresponding to Tessier 14 cleft. Two patients’ hemangiomas responded well to propranolol therapy. The first one was followed and treated in the pre-propranolol era and had a moderate response to corticoids and interferon.
miR-126 Is Involved in Vascular Remodeling under Laminar Shear Stress
Authors: Mondadori dos Santos Ana , Metzinger Laurent , Haddad Oualid , M’baya-Moutoula Eléonore , Taïbi Fatiha , Charnaux Nathalie , Massy Ziad A. , Hlawaty Hanna , Metzinger-Le Meuth Valérie
Published: June 2015

Morphology and changes in gene expression of vascular endothelium are mainly due to shear stress and inflammation. Cell phenotype modulation has been clearly demonstrated to be controlled by small noncoding micro-RNAs (miRNAs). This study focused on the effect of laminar shear stress (LSS) on human endothelial cells (HUVECs), with an emphasis on the role of miRNA-126 (miR-126). Exposure of HUVECsin vitroto LSS modified the shape of HUVECs and concomitantly regulated the expression of miR-126, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and syndecan-4 (SDC-4). A significant upregulation of miR-126 during long-term exposure to flow was shown. Interestingly, LSS enhanced SDC-4 expression on the HUVEC membranes. Overexpression of miR-126 in HUVECs decreased the levels of targets stromal cell-derived factor-1 SDF-1/CXCL12 and VCAM-1 but increased the expression of RGS16, CXCR4, and SDC-4. No significant difference in terms of cell proliferation and apoptosis was observed between scramble, anti-miR-126, and pre-miR-126 transfected HUVECs. In Apo-E KO/CKD mice aortas expressing a high level of miR-126, SDC-4 was concomitantly increased. In conclusion, our results suggest that miR-126 (i) is overexpressed by long-term LSS, (ii) has a role in up- and downregulation of genes involved in atherosclerosis, and (iii) affects SDC-4 expression.
Matrix-Type Network DEA Model with Its Application Based on Input-Output Tables
Authors: Cheng Yun , Gao Huan-Li
Published: June 2015

The matrix-type network data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is established for evaluating the relative performance of the matrix-type structure. The existence of solution and property of the new model is given. The equivalence of DEA efficiency and Pareto solutions of corresponding objective programming problem is proved. Using data in input-output tables, the new model is tested and the results show that the new model can be feasible in evaluating the relative performance of the matrix-type structure.
Effects of RuPeng15 Powder (RPP15) on Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Gouty Arthritis in Rats
Authors: Kou Y.-Y. , Li Y.-F. , Xu M. , Li W.-Y. , Yang M. , Li R.-L.
Published: June 2015

RuPeng15 Powder (RPP15) is a herbal multicompound remedy that originates from traditional Tibetan medicine and possesses antigout, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperuricemic properties based on the traditional conceptions. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PRP15 in rat gouty arthritis induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. In the present study, we found that treatment with RPP15 (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 g/kg) in rats with gouty arthritis induced by MSU crystals significantly attenuated the knee swelling. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that MSU-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and the elevated expressions of nuclear transcription factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) in synovial tissues were significantly inhibited, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) result showed that MSU-induced high levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in synovial fluid were reduced by treatment with RPP15 (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 g/kg). We conclude that RPP15 may be a promising candidate for the development of a new treatment for gout and its activity of antigout may be partially related to inhibiting TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and NF-κB p65 expression in the synovial tissues.
Full Mouth Reconstruction of a Bruxer with Severely Worn Dentition: A Clinical Report
Authors: Zeighami Somayeh , Siadat Hakimeh , Nikzad Sakineh
Published: July 2015

Tooth wear is attributed to several factors many of which often remain unidentified. Management of tooth wear is challenging in preventive and restorative dentistry. Correct assessment of occlusal vertical dimension, interocclusal rest space, and centric relation records are critical for successful treatment. In order to evaluate different treatment modalities and select the treatment of choice some information can be obtained from study casts and diagnostic wax-up. In order to achieve a predictable and desirable result, a systematic approach may be helpful. This paper describes the full mouth rehabilitation of a 36-year-old bruxer with severely worn dentition and other dental problems such as unfavorable restorations. A diagnostic work-up was performed and provisional restorations were made; then, they were clinically evaluated and adjusted based on the criteria dictating esthetics, phonetics, and vertical dimension. After endodontic therapy, clinical crown lengthening was performed. Two short implants were inserted in the posterior mandible. Custom-cast dowel cores and metal-ceramic restorations were fabricated and a full occlusal splint was used to protect the restorations. We ensured stable contacts on all teeth with equal intensity in centric relation and anterior guidance in accord with functional jaw movements.
MicroRNA-143/-145 in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Zhao Wang , Zhao Shui-Ping , Zhao Yu-Hong
Published: June 2015

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the onset and development of many cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence shows that miRNAs can be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases, and miRNA-based therapy may be a promising therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The microRNA-143/-145 (miR-143/-145) cluster is essential for differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and determines VSMC phenotypic switching. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in knowledge concerning the function of miR-143/-145 in the cardiovascular system and their role in cardiovascular diseases. We discuss the potential role of miR-143/-145 as valuable biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases and explore the potential strategy of targeting miR-143 and miR-145.
A Novel Compression Technique for Multi-Camera Nodes through Directional Correlation
Authors: Shaheen Saima , Javed M. Younus , Mufti Muid , Khalid Shehzad , Khanum Aasia , Khan Shoab A. , Akram M. Usman
Published: June 2015

A major fraction of multimedia stream contents tends to be redundant and leads to wastage of storage capacity and channel bandwidth. In order to eliminate surplus data, standard video compression algorithms exploit spatial and temporal correlation present in video sequence. However, in case of a multisensor network, intersensor statistical redundancy is the most significant factor in acquiring efficient link utilization as well as making resultant findings valuable to the end user. In this paper, an extension to our previously proposed scheme has been presented to accomplish performance goals of a multisensor environment. Standard MPEG codec has been used to accomplish distributed motion compensation in prespecified directions known as directional correlation. Video frame correlation has been estimated locally at the camera node as well as across different nodes, defined as node communication strategies. Further, receiver feedback assists in quality control after reconstitution by decoder assessment. Results estimated have been analyzed for saving ratios and multimedia quality. Results analysis illustrates increased gains in frame quality and compression saving, achieved through reducing node displacement from the reference node [Formula: see text].
Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Node Dose Distribution in 3D Conformal Radiotherapy Techniques in 67 pN0 Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Witucki Gerlo , Degregorio Nikolaus , Rempen Andreas , Schwentner Lukas , Bottke Dirk , Janni Wolfgang , Ebner Florian
Published: June 2015

Introduction. The anatomic position of the sentinel lymph node is variable. The purpose of the following study was to assess the dose distribution delivered to the surgically marked sentinel lymph node site by 3D conformal radio therapy technique.Material and Method. We retrospectively analysed 70 radiotherapy (RT) treatment plans of consecutive primary breast cancer patients with a successful, disease-free, sentinel lymph node resection.Results. In our case series the SN clip volume received a mean dose of 40.7 Gy (min 28.8 Gy/max 47.6 Gy).Conclusion. By using surgical clip markers in combination with 3D CT images our data supports the pathway of tumouricidal doses in the SN bed. The target volume should be defined by surgical clip markers and 3D CT images to give accurate dose estimations.
Pinning Synchronization of Switched Complex Dynamical Networks
Authors: Du Liming , Qiao Feng , Wang Fengying
Published: June 2015

Network topology and node dynamics play a key role in forming synchronization of complex networks. Unfortunately there is no effective synchronization criterion for pinning synchronization of complex dynamical networks with switching topology. In this paper, pinning synchronization of complex dynamical networks with switching topology is studied. Two basic problems are considered: one is pinning synchronization of switched complex networks under arbitrary switching; the other is pinning synchronization of switched complex networks by design of switching when synchronization cannot achieved by using any individual connection topology alone. For the two problems, common Lyapunov function method and single Lyapunov function method are used respectively, some global synchronization criteria are proposed and the designed switching law is given. Finally, simulation results verify the validity of the results.
Guaranteed Cost Fault-Tolerant Control for Networked Control Systems with Sensor Faults
Authors: Zhu Qixin , Lu Kaihong , Xie Guangming , Zhu Yonghong
Published: June 2015

For the large scale and complicated structure of networked control systems, time-varying sensor faults could inevitably occur when the system works in a poor environment. Guaranteed cost fault-tolerant controller for the new networked control systems with time-varying sensor faults is designed in this paper. Based on time delay of the network transmission environment, the networked control systems with sensor faults are modeled as a discrete-time system with uncertain parameters. And the model of networked control systems is related to the boundary values of the sensor faults. Moreover, using Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequalities (LMI) approach, the guaranteed cost fault-tolerant controller is verified to render such networked control systems asymptotically stable. Finally, simulations are included to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Differential Reponses of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells to mTOR Inhibition
Authors: Yang Aimin , Xiao Xia , Zhao Mingfeng , LaRue Amanda C. , Schulte Bradley A. , Wang Gavin Y.
Published: June 2015

Abnormal activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been observed in a variety of human cancers. Therefore, targeting of the mTOR pathway is an attractive strategy for cancer treatment and several mTOR inhibitors, including AZD8055 (AZD), a novel dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, are currently in clinical trials. Although bone marrow (BM) suppression is one of the primary side effects of anticancer drugs, it is not known if pharmacological inhibition of dual mTORC1/2 affects BM hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) function and plasticity. Here we report that dual inhibition of mTORC1/2 by AZD or its analogue (KU-63794) depletes mouse BM Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit+cells in cultures via the induction of apoptotic cell death. Subsequent colony-forming unit (CFU) assays revealed that inhibition of mTORC1/2 suppresses the clonogenic function of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in a dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, we found that dual inhibition of mTORC1/2 markedly inhibits the growth of day-14 cobblestone area-forming cells (CAFCs) but enhances the generation of day-35 CAFCs. Given the fact that day-14 and day-35 CAFCs are functional surrogates of HPCs and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), respectively, these results suggest that dual inhibition of mTORC1/2 may have distinct effects on HPCs versus HSCs.