bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pollen limitation of native plant reproduction in an urban landscape
Authors: Carper Adrian L. , Warren Paige S. , Adler Lynn S. , Irwin Rebecca E.
Published: October 2022

Premise

Evidence suggests that bees may benefit from moderate levels of human development. However, the effects of human development on pollination and reproduction of bee‐pollinated plants are less‐well understood. Studies have measured natural variation in pollination and plant reproduction as a function of urbanization, but few have experimentally measured the magnitude of pollen limitation in urban vs. non‐urban sites. Doing so is important to unambiguously link changes in pollination to plant reproduction. Previous work in the Southeastern United States found that urban sites supported twice the abundance of bees compared to non‐urban sites. We tested the hypothesis that greater bee abundance in some of the same urban sites translates into reduced pollen limitation compared to non‐urban sites.

Methods

We manipulated pollination to three native, wild‐growing, bee‐pollinated plants: Gelsemium sempervirens, Oenothera fruticosa, and Campsis radicans. Using supplemental pollinations, we tested for pollen limitation of three components of female reproduction in paired urban and non‐urban sites. We also measured pollen receipt as a proxy for pollinator visitation.

Results

We found that all three plant species were pollen‐limited for some measures of female reproduction. However, opposite to our original hypothesis, two of the three species were more pollen‐limited in urban relative to non‐urban sites. We found that open‐pollinated flowers in urban sites received less conspecific and more heterospecific pollen on average than those in non‐urban sites.

Conclusions

These results suggest that even when urban sites have more abundant pollinators, this may not alleviate pollen limitation of native plant reproduction in urban landscapes.
Infratentorial Superficial Siderosis and Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
Authors: Schievink Wouter I. , Maya M. Marcel , Harris Jennifer , Galvan Javier , Taché Rachelle B. , Nuño Miriam
Published: October 2022

Objective

Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks cause intracranial hypotension (SIH) and also may cause infratentorial superficial siderosis (iSS) but the rate of development among different CSF leak types and outcome of treatment are not known. We determined the time interval from SIH onset to iSS and the outcome of treatment.

Methods

A total of 1,589 patients with SIH underwent neuroimaging and iSS was detected in 57 (23 men and 34 women, mean age = 41.3 years [3.6%]). We examined the type of underlying CSF leak by various imaging modalities. Percutaneous and surgical procedures were used to treat the CSF leaks.

Results

The iSS was detected in 46 (10.3%) of 447 patients with ventral CSF leaks, in 2 (3.9%) of 51 patients with dural ectasia, in 5 (2.6%) of 194 patients with CSF‐venous fistulas, in 4 (0.9%) of 457 patients with simple meningeal diverticula, and in none of the 101 patients with lateral CSF leaks or the 339 patients with leaks of indeterminate origin (p < 0.001). The estimated median latency period from SIH onset to iSS was 126 months. Ventral CSF leaks could not be eliminated with percutaneous procedures in any patient and surgical repair was associated with low risk (<5%) and resulted in resolution of the CSF leak in all patients in whom the exact site of the CSF leak could be determined. Other types of CSF leak were treated with percutaneous or surgical procedures.

Interpretation

The iSS can develop in most types of spinal CSF leak, including CSF‐venous fistulas, but mainly in chronic ventral CSF leaks, which require surgical repair. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:64–75
PNP Ligands in Cobalt‐Mediated Activation and Functionalization of White Phosphorus
Authors: Kuchkaev Airat M. , Kuchkaev Aidar M. , Khayarov Khasan R. , Zueva Ekaterina M. , Dobrynin Alexey B. , Islamov Daut R. , Yakhvarov Dmitry G.
Published: October 2022

Transition‐metal mediated white phosphorus activation is of high interest as an ecological alternative to P4 chlorination pathway to the practically useful phosphorus products. Herein, we report a facile approach for P4 activation, transformation and subsequent functionalization using cobalt complexes bearing PNP ligands. The use of N,N‐bis(diphenylphosphino)amine as a ligand allows one to transform P4 tetrahedron into a zig‐zag chain with the formation of complex [Co(Ph2PNHP(Ph2)PPPPP(Ph2)NHPPh2)]BF4 (4). The presence of organic substituent at nitrogen atom in PNP ligand enables one to obtain complexes with η1‐coordinated P4 molecule, which indicates a crucial role of N−H bond in transformation of white phosphorus tetrahedron. Additionally, complex 4 can readily be functionalized by means of the reaction with Ph2PCl leading to the formation of a new complex bearing unique P9‐ligand. The obtained results provide opportunities for facile construction of new polyphosphorus ligands in the coordination sphere of transition metal complexes.
Progress in Hydrogen Production Coupled with Electrochemical Oxidation of Small Molecules
Authors: Wang Tongzhou , Cao Xuejie , Jiao Lifang
Published: October 2022

The electrochemical oxidation of small molecules to generate value‐added products has gained enormous interest in recent years because of the advantages of benign operation conditions, high conversion efficiency and selectivity, the absence of external oxidizing agents, and eco‐friendliness. Coupling the electrochemical oxidation of small molecules to replace oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode in an electrolyzer would simultaneously realize the generation of high‐value chemicals or pollutant degradation and the highly efficient production of hydrogen. This Minireview presents an introduction on small‐molecule choice and design strategies of electrocatalysts as well as recent breakthroughs achieved in the highly efficient production of hydrogen. Finally, challenges and future orientations are highlighted.
Recent trends in synthetic strategies using magnetic nanostructures as green catalysts in synthesis of pyran analogues
Authors: Dhadda Surbhi , Sharma Shaily , Jakhar Prakash , Sharma Himanshu
Published: October 2022

In recent years, magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites play an important role as a nanocatalyst in the creation of a wide range of bioactive heterocycles with extraordinarily high activity and selectivity, low energy consumption, and extended life. Among all heterocycles, many natural products, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive compounds contain pyran scaffolds which have a wide range of uses in biomedical research, industry, and medicine. Additionally, these are also widely used in the synthesis of novel heterocyclic systems as precursors. This study focused on recent advances in the last 5 years in using various magnetic recoverable and recycled nanoparticles and nanocomposites to synthesize pyran derivatives and their pharmacological activity. This article has been classified into three subsections: (i) MNPs‐metal nanocomposite catalyzed reactions, (ii) MNPs‐organic based nanocomposite catalyzed reactions, and (iii) MNPs‐ionic liquid nanocomposite catalyzed reactions and (iv) MNPs‐acid based nanocomposite to describe catalytic efficiency of magnetic nanocomposites for the synthesis of pyran derivatives. A comparative study of nanocomposites and different approaches for green synthesis of pyrans by highlighting the advantages and disadvantages along with catalyst recovery and recyclability has been mentioned, which will help scientists to probe and stimulate the study of these scaffolds.
4,4‐Diphenylmethane diisocyanate coating modified short‐cut carbon fiber enhances the interlaminar shear properties of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite laminates
Authors: Fan Meng‐Xuan , Nie Hui‐Jie , Guan Ji‐Peng , Wu Zhi‐Min , Cao Miao , Xu Xu‐Fan , Li Jian , Dang Rui‐qiong , Shen Xiao‐Jun
Published: October 2022

The brittleness of epoxy resin (EP) and the smooth, inert surface of carbon fiber (CF) affects their interfacial interaction, making the composite exhibit poor interlaminar shear properties that significantly limit its practical application. In this paper, a 4,4‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) layer was uniformly coated on short‐cut carbon fiber (SCF) by chemical bonding and physical cladding. The reaction of the isocyanate group of MDI with the active hydrogen in the epoxy system was used to form a strong chemical bond between EP and SCF to enhance the interfacial interaction. Moreover, the introduced SCF as filler can play a better connecting and anchoring role in the CF/EP composite, enabling better stress transfer and enhancing the integrity inside the composite. The coating of MDI on the surface of SCF and the efficient synergistic effect that it brings were successfully demonstrated by Fourier‐transform infrared, thermogravimetric analyzer, dynamic mechanics analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, and interlaminar shear strength characterization. Compared with the untreated SCF reinforced CF/EP composite, MDI@SCF enhanced the interlaminar performance of the material by 10.06%. When the concentration of MDI treatment solution and SCF content was adjusted to the optimal value, the interlayer performance of the material increased by 17.01% compared to the pure CF/EP composite.
The human cervix: Comprehensive review of innervation and clinical significance
Authors: Giovannetti Olivia , Tomalty Diane , Velikonja Leah , Jurkus Connor , Adams Michael A.
Published: October 2022

Detailed knowledge regarding the innervation and histology of the human cervix is crucial given the surgical removal of this tissue for conditions such as cervical dysplasia. Recent evidence implicates the cervix in the sexual response, making it pertinent to characterize this region to elucidate its role. Despite this, literature describing the overall innervation of the cervix from anatomical and histological perspectives is lacking. The aim of this review was to consolidate descriptions pertaining to human cervix innervation and discuss possible mechanisms of dysfunction, as an unintended result of cervix removal. A detailed literature search of relevant articles describing human cervix innervation was conducted. 1597 articles were screened based on the keywords searched. Only 16 articles, containing information regarding specific evidence of the innervation of the human cervix, were included and categorized based on parameters of innervation (method, type, location). The published evidence demonstrates that the human cervix has sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory innervation, but does not characterize changes after surgical procedures. Despite the gaps in knowledge, it is relevant that associations linking clinical procedures, involving cervical removal and adverse sexual health outcomes, become an important focus for discussions between physicians and patients. Future work is needed to better detail the affected innervation as well as the neural pathway‐specific relationship to symptoms of sexual dysfunction.
New anatomical insights of the superficial branch of the zygomaticotemporal nerve for treating temporal migraines: An anatomical study
Authors: Choi You‐Jin , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: October 2022

The zygomaticotemporal nerve is known to contribute to temporal migraines; however, its precise anatomy remains unknown. The potential accessory branches of the zygomaticotemporal nerve may be considered a cause of continued temporal migraines after surgical procedures. In this study, we defined the novel superficial branch of the zygomaticotemporal nerve (sZTN) and investigated its anatomical course, distribution, and clinical implications. Twenty‐two hemifaces from 11 fixed Korean cadavers (six males, five females; mean age, 78.3 years) were used in this study. The piercing points of the sZTN through the deep and superficial layers of the deep temporal fascia, and the superficial temporal fascia were defined as P1, P2, and P3, respectively. The distance of each point from the zygomatic tubercle was measured using an image analysis software. The sZTN ascended between the bone and the temporalis after emerging from the zygomaticotemporal foramen. It then pierced the deep temporal fascia without penetrating the temporalis. After then, it pierced the superficial layer of the deep temporal fascia and turned superiorly toward the upper posterior temple. When the sZTN passed through the superficial temporal fascia, it intersected with the superficial temporal artery in every case. The novel findings of the sZTN may help in the treatment of intractable temporal migraines refractory to injection or surgical procedure. Based on our findings, targeting the sZTN may be applied as an alternative treatment strategy for patients who do not show significant improvement with treatment targeted to trigger sites.
Technological and sensory evaluation of pound cakes with reduced sugar and fat substituted by hydrated chia (Salvia hispanica L.)
Authors: Cappuccelli Pinto Letícia , Rebellato Ana Paula , Steel Caroline Joy
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives

There is a growing demand for products with reduced sugar and fat contents, as excessive consumption has been associated with the development of several chronic noncommunicable diseases. However, both fat and sugar provide important technological and sensory characteristics, mainly in bakery products such as pound cakes. The use of ingredients with functional properties to reduce sugar and substitute fat in food products is an important approach. In this regard, the effect of reducing fat (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and sugar (20%) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of pound cakes was evaluated, using hydrated chia seeds as fat replacer.

Findings

The specific volume of pound cakes decreased significantly with sugar reduction and fat replacement, also influencing their texture. Regarding crumb color, the values of the coordinates L*, a*, and b* were reduced with the increase of hydrated chia seeds, indicating cake darkening. The moisture content and water activity of pound cakes increased, while the number of alveoli decreased, with sugar reduction and fat replacement. Nevertheless, the sensory evaluation showed that all attributes had acceptance scores above 5, and all pound cakes had a good purchase intention.

Conclusions

The results showed an interesting potential for the use of hydrated chia seeds for fat replacement, requiring only a few adjustments. Future studies should be conducted to improve the texture and minimize the structural defects of these cakes.

Significance and Novelty

Hydrated chia seeds may be an interesting alternative as fat substitute in pound cakes.
Road to a rare diagnosis: Description of novel unbalanced translocation causing partial trisomy 17p
Authors: Musabi Melab , Saker Ayman , Baer Jessi , Wang Peter , Mohseni Meybodi Anahita , Prasad Chitra , Bhattacharya Soume
Published: October 2022

Trisomy 17 is a rare chromosomal disorder. Existing literature on the topic is limited and mostly refer to mosaic Trisomy 17 cases. Our report summarizes the 70‐day clinical course of a late preterm neonate with partial Trisomy 17p karyotype 46,XY,der(14)t(14;17)(p11.1;p11.2) dpat. Trisomy 17 due to unbalanced translocation is rare, and our case elaborates the clinical presentation with intestinal malfunction without any anatomical pathology and urethral diverticulum and the ethical dilemma in decision‐making. The male proband was born at 35 weeks with antenatal findings of multiple neurological and other abnormalities such as cystic hygroma, absent corpus collosum, high riding third ventricle, absent cavum septum pellucidum, indented occiput, absent ductus venous, and intrauterine growth restriction. The postnatal findings included significant facial dysmorphisms with short palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, low set ears, micrognathia, hirsutism, and single palmar creases, central hypotonia, and hyperreflexia of upper limbs bilaterally. Genital‐urinary assessment revealed a urinary diverticulum and significantly underdeveloped scrotum with undescended testes. Infant had excessive irritability and resistance to sleep despite increasing doses of analgesia and sedation, and persistent respiratory and feeding difficulties. Enteral nutrition could not be established due to profuse and persistent diarrhea, necessitating use of total parenteral nutrition. Microarray assay exhibited a pathogenic copy number gain of approximately 21.4 Mb of chromosome region 17p13.3p11.2. Follow‐up chromosome analysis and FISH revealed an abnormal male karyotype with a derivative chromosome 14, resulting from an unbalanced translocation between the short arm of one chromosome 14 and the short arm of one chromosome 17, effectively resulting in trisomy 17p11.2. It was derived from a paternal balanced t(14;17)(p11.1;p11.2) as shown by chromosome analysis and FISH studies. The rarity of this chromosomal disorder contributed to difficulty with prognosis and led to bioethical dilemma regarding life‐sustaining measures and quality of life. Through shared decision‐making processes and in consideration of poor prognosis, parents decided to withdraw life‐sustaining care and the proband died at postnatal day of life 70.
Treatment of a large through and through periapical lesion using guided tissue regeneration: A case report of 2 years follow‐up
Authors: Alajmi Buraikan , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Aldowah Omir
Published: October 2022

Proper removal of the diseased tissue, debriding the canal system, and sealing the defect or cavity, the surgeon prevents or reduces the spread of microorganisms within the periradicular tissues. Treatment modalities following the failure of root canal treatment (RCT) are root canal retreatment (ReRCT). Regeneration of periapical defects may have a significant problem in periradicular surgery. In such circumstances, the gingival connective tissue can proliferate, or the oral epithelium can migrate into the defect, preventing the development of normal trabecular bone. Hard tissue can be restored using guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in conjunction with endodontic treatment for endodontic‐periodontal lesions. Treatment of large periapical defects using GTR increases overall treatment success.
Amino Acid Ionic Liquids Supported on Nano‐Sized MnO2 for Deep Desulfurization of Model Fuels
Authors: Yao Pei , Du Shiqi , Zhang Yihan , Li Wenfu , Li Entian
Published: October 2022

Amino ahcid ionic liquids were prepared and loaded onto manganese dioxide for fuel desulfurization. The optimum desulfurization process conditions of the loaded amino acid ionic liquids were obtained experimentally and by response surface methodology. The excellent regeneration and recycling performance of the loaded amino acid ionic liquids was confirmed by reusability experiments. The equilibrium experimental data fit the Langmuir isotherm well, and a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model can be used to describe the adsorption kinetics of dibenzothiophene adsorption. The research results of the desulfurization mechanism show that the adsorption of thiophenes by the loaded amino acid ionic liquids is chemical adsorption.
Organocatalyzed Phospha‐Michael Addition: A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Customized Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxide Photoinitiators
Authors: Conti Riccardo , Widera Anna , Müller Georgina , Fekete Csilla , Thöny Debora , Eiler Frederik , Benkő Zoltán , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: October 2022

Addition of the P−H bond in bis(mesitoyl)phosphine, HP(COMes)2 (BAPH), to a wide variety of activated carbon–carbon double bonds as acceptors was investigated. While this phospha‐Michael addition does not proceed in the absence of an additive or catalyst, excellent results were obtained with stoichiometric basic potassium or caesium salts. Simple amine bases can be employed in catalytic amounts, and tetramethylguanidine (TMG) in particular is an outstanding catalyst that allows the preparation of bis(acyl)phosphines, R−P(COMes)2, under very mild conditions in excellent yields after only a short time. All phosphines RP(COMes)2 can subsequently be oxidized to the corresponding bis(acyl)phosphane oxides, RPO(COMes)2, a substance class belonging to the most potent photoinitiators for radical polymerizations known to date. Thus, a simple and highly atom economic method has been found that allows the preparation of a broad range of photoinitiators adapted to their specific field of application even on a large scale.
Enhancement of biosludge dewatering using proteins through dual conditioning
Authors: Ghazisaidi Hamed , Tran Honghi , Meyer Torsten , Allen D. Grant
Published: October 2022

In pulp and paper mills, effective biosludge dewatering is essential in wastewater treatment to reduce the large volume of biosludge that needs to be treated and disposed. The dewatering process normally requires the use of polymers from petroleum‐based sources. This study explores the potential of using cationic proteins such as protamine for biosludge dewatering through dual conditioning with a small amount of a synthetic anionic polymer such as anionic polyacrylamide (APAM). The results show that dual conditioning provides substantial synergistic enhancements in dewatering. The maximum cake solids content of biosludge achieved by adding protamine (7.5%) alone was 12%. By dual conditioning with a small amount of APAM (0.1%), not only the cake solids content was increased to 16%, but also the amount of protamine addition was substantially lowered to 2%. These results, coupled with the change in zeta potential of the particles in the biosludge samples, suggest that the cationic protamine reduced the negative charge of the particles, allowing smaller particles to agglomerate and providing a positively charged framework for the subsequent addition of the negatively charged APAM. After adding APAM, substantial floc‐bridging occurred, allowing smaller flocs to aggregate into larger flocs. These synergistic effects can lower the wastewater treatment cost by reducing the amount of synthetic polymer and by applying low‐value proteins from natural sources.
Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry 2022 Goes Virtual
Authors: Diamanti Eleonora , Méndez María , Ross Tatjana , Kuttruff Christian A. , Lefranc Julien , Klingler Franca‐Maria , von Nussbaum Franz , Jung Manfred , Gehringer Matthias
Published: October 2022

The Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry (FiMC) meeting, which represents the largest international medicinal chemistry conference in Germany, took place from March 14th to 16th 2022 in a fully virtual format. Organized by the Division of Medicinal Chemistry of the German Chemical Society (GDCh) together with the Division of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry of the German Pharmaceutical Society (DPhG) and a “local” organization committee from the University of Freiburg headed by Manfred Jung, the meeting brought together 271 participants from around 20 countries. The program included 33 lectures by leading scientists from industry and academia as well as early career investigators. 67 posters were presented in two poster sessions and with over 20.000 poster abstract downloads. The general organization and the time‐shift function were very much appreciated as demonstrated by almost 600 on‐demand contents retrieved. The online format fitted perfectly to bring together medicinal chemists from academia and industry across the globe.
Importance of Co‐operative Hydrogen Bonding in the Apramycin‐Ribosomal Decoding A‐Site Interaction
Authors: Pirrone Michael G. , Ande Chennaiah , Haldimann Klara , Hobbie Sven N. , Vasella Andrea , Böttger Erik C. , Crich David
Published: October 2022

An intramolecular hydrogen bond between the protonated equatorial 7’‐methylamino group of apramycin and the vicinal axial 6’‐hydroxy group acidifies the 6’‐hydroxy group leading to a strong hydrogen bond to A1408 in the ribosomal drug binding pocket in the decoding A site of the small ribosomal subunit. In 6’‐epiapramycin, the trans‐nature of the 6’‐hydroxy group and the 7’‐methylamino group results in a much weaker intramolecular hydrogen bond, and a consequently weaker cooperative hydrogen bonding network with A1408, resulting overall in reduced inhibition of protein synthesis and antibacterial activity.
Top advances in lymphoma for 2021
Authors: Patel Dilan A. , Kahl Brad S.
Published: October 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy, antibody–drug conjugates, bispecific T‐cell redirectors, and agents targeting tonic B‐cell receptor signaling have altered the paradigm for three of the most common lymphomas in the year 2021. For diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, the POLARIX study has shown improvement on the standard backbone of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone in the frontline setting, a feat that had not been achieved despite great efforts over the past 20 years. In the relapsed and refractory setting, two unique CAR T‐cell products have displaced autologous transplantation to the third line, and they allow patients with chemotherapy‐resistant disease to receive approved therapy earlier. CAR T‐cell products, once used exclusively in the aggressive lymphoma arena, are now showing high response rates and durable activity against indolent lymphomas. The investigation of mosunetuzumab in indolent lymphomas offers another option for patients who have received multiple lines of cytotoxic drugs. On the basis of these trends, PI3K inhibitors are being displaced in favor of safer and more durable constructs. In addition, within the past year, the approval and implementation of zanubrutinib for marginal zone lymphoma have filled a need for later line therapy, especially for less fit and elderly patients.
Catalytic Processes to Accelerate Decarbonization in a Net‐Zero Carbon World
Authors: Wang Yixiao , Tian Yuan , Pan Shu‐Yuan , Snyder Seth W.
Published: October 2022

Reducing carbon dioxide emissions is one of the critical challenges to mitigate global climate change, which is having detrimental impacts on society and the environment. Fossil fuel combustion in transportation, power generation, and industrial processes is the dominant contributor to carbon emissions. Over the past decades, sustainable solutions and strategies have been investigated and developed to enable decarbonization. Catalysis plays an essential role to address this global challenge by increasing energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, capturing carbon dioxide, and utilizing clean energy sources to displace fossil fuels. In this Review, the role of catalysis in reducing energy demand was discussed, enhancing process efficiency, displacing carbon‐intensive feedstocks and products, and therefore, reducing carbon emissions. Recent advances in catalyst development were summarized, focusing on applications to enhance industrial processes efficiency and enable utilization of clean energy sources. Emerging approaches in catalysis were reviewed, including the manufacture of iron and steel, direct air capture of CO2, production of ethylene, ammonia, and sustainable aviation fuels, plastic recycling, and the synthesis of biobased plastics. The Review was concluded with suggested research directions to achieve a carbon net‐zero world.
The Laccase‐Lig Multienzymatic Multistep System in Lignin Valorization
Authors: Vignali Elisa , Gigli Matteo , Cailotto Simone , Pollegioni Loredano , Rosini Elena , Crestini Claudia
Published: October 2022

Invited for this month′s cover is the work by Claudia Crestini and collaborators at Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Italy, and University of Insubria, Italy. The image shows the formation of low‐molecular‐weight compounds by the oxidative depolymerization of lignin by the laccase‐Lig multienzymatic multistep system. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201147.
Understand the basics of digital accessibility
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: October 2022

We all have a responsibility for digital access, said Melanie Thornton, Coordinator of Access and Equity Outreach at the University of Arkansas Partners for Inclusive Communities. Thornton gave an overview of digital accessibility basics at a virtual session of the Association on Higher Education And Disability annual conference.
Thank you, and read on!
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: October 2022

It has been a great honor to be editor of this publication for the past seven years. Every month, I have been inspired speaking with disability services specialists who have shared their passions for their students, for disability rights, and for justice.
Detection of activin receptor type IIA and IIB‐Fc fusion proteins by automated capillary immunoassay
Authors: Desharnais Philippe , Naud Jean‐Francois
Published: October 2022

Activin receptor type IIA and type IIB fusion protein have been designed to sequester circulating molecules of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily and inactivate their actions. Members of this superfamily have been reported as essential regulators of erythropoiesis by triggering the formation of activated ternary complexes containing different combinations of type I and type II receptors, which can limit RBC production by accelerating erythroid differentiation and inhibiting erythroid progenitor expansion. The recent approval of Luspatercept for the treatment of anemia associated to transfusion‐dependent MDS and Beta‐thalassemia in afflicted patients means that it can now pose a real threat of being abused in sport for its ability to stimulate erythropoiesis. Several methods for the detection of these molecules in blood have been proposed for the purpose of sport antidoping control. Here we propose the detection of the ActRIIA‐Fc and ActRIIB‐Fc fusion proteins by automated capillary Western immunoassay (Simple Western). The use of these immunoassays for the detection of protein targets has become widespread in the recent years. The work presented here demonstrates that this methodology enables a versatile, rapid, and sensitive detection of activin ligand traps in blood samples: plasma, serum, or dried blood spots (DBS). Preliminary results indicate that detection in urine samples is also possible. The option to use different antibodies allows the possibility to use this method as an initial testing procedure as well as a confirmation procedure. Finally, results coming from an administration study confirm that the method is suitable for routine analysis.
Leopard density and interspecific spatiotemporal interactions in a hyena‐dominated landscape
Authors: Vissia Sander , Fattebert Julien , van Langevelde Frank
Published: October 2022

Scavenging is widespread in the carnivore guild and can greatly impact food web structures and population dynamics by either facilitation or suppression of sympatric carnivores. Due to habitat loss and fragmentation, carnivores are increasingly forced into close sympatry, possibly resulting in more interactions such as kleptoparasitism and competition. In this paper, we investigate the potential for these interactions when carnivore densities are high. A camera trap survey was conducted in central Tuli, Botswana, to examine leopard Panthera pardus densities and spatiotemporal activity patterns of leopard and its most important competitors' brown hyena Parahyaena brunnea and spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta. Spatial capture–recapture models estimated leopard population density to be 12.7 ± 3.2 leopard/100 km2, which is one of the highest leopard densities in Africa. Time‐to‐event analyses showed both brown hyena and spotted hyena were observed more frequently before and after a leopard observation than expected by chance. The high spatiotemporal overlap of both hyena species with leopard is possibly explained by leopard providing scavenging opportunities for brown hyena and spotted hyena. Our results suggest that central Tuli is a high‐density leopard area, despite possible intense kleptoparasitism and competition.
Genomic divergence, local adaptation, and complex demographic history may inform management of a popular sportfish species complex
Authors: Gunn Joe C. , Berkman Leah K. , Koppelman Jeff , Taylor Andrew T. , Brewer Shannon K. , Long James M. , Eggert Lori S.
Published: October 2022

The Neosho Bass (Micropterus velox), a former subspecies of the keystone top‐predator and globally popular Smallmouth Bass (M. dolomieu), is endemic and narrowly restricted to small, clear streams of the Arkansas River Basin in the Central Interior Highlands (CIH) ecoregion, USA. Previous studies have detected some morphological, genetic, and genomic differentiation between the Neosho and Smallmouth Basses; however, the extent of neutral and adaptive divergence and patterns of intraspecific diversity are poorly understood. Furthermore, lineage diversification has likely been impacted by gene flow in some Neosho populations, which may be due to a combination of natural biogeographic processes and anthropogenic introductions. We assessed: (1) lineage divergence, (2) local directional selection (adaptive divergence), and (3) demographic history among Smallmouth Bass populations in the CIH using population genomic analyses of 50,828 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained through ddRAD‐seq. Neosho and Smallmouth Bass formed monophyletic clades with 100% bootstrap support. We identified two major lineages within each species. We discovered six Neosho Bass populations (two nonadmixed and four admixed) and three nonadmixed Smallmouth Bass populations. We detected 29 SNPs putatively under directional selection in the Neosho range, suggesting populations may be locally adapted. Two populations were admixed via recent asymmetric secondary contact, perhaps after anthropogenic introduction. Two other populations were likely admixed via combinations of ancient and recent processes. These species comprise independently evolving lineages, some having experienced historical and natural admixture. These results may be critical for management of Neosho Bass as a distinct species and may aid in the conservation of other species with complex biogeographic histories.
Optimization and application of loop‐mediated isothermal amplification technique for sex identification in red‐whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus)
Authors: Changtor Phanupong , Gupta Yash Munnalal , Yimtragool Nonglak
Published: October 2022

The red‐whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus) is a popular avian species in Thailand and many other countries. The red‐whiskered bulbul has a high economic value, but breeding is challenging since sex identification is difficult. The PCR method is now used for sex identification. However, PCR amplification and post‐PCR analysis necessitate the use of a laboratory equipped with specialized scientific instruments, which is inconvenient for field operations. This research describes a method for amplification of DNA samples using the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) approach, which is a molecular biology methodology for isothermal amplification that is extremely sensitive, fast, and easy for post‐LAMP product visualization. Herein, total of 23 blood samples were collected and DNA was extracted. Two sets of LAMP primers were designed for CHD‐Z and CHD‐W genes. The colorimetric assay was used to investigate the best conditions for LAMP reactions and post‐LAMP product visualization. LAMP reactions for sex identification were compared to traditional PCR in terms of sensitivity and specificity. LAMP reactions were found to be 10‐fold more sensitive than PCR at 1 ng of DNA. When compared to electrophoresis analysis, the visualization with colorimetric assay using GelRed® and SYTO™ 9 was 100% accurate. The optimal LAMP condition tested simple DNA extracted from bird feathers using the HotSHOT technique. The result showed that the optimal condition could distinguish the sex of red‐whiskered bulbuls totally and accurately. A powerful method for red‐whiskered bulbul sex identification is demonstrated in this study, which can be used in field studies because it is quick and easy to perform, has high sensitivity, and does not require advanced scientific equipment.
Enhancement of mass transfer performance by nanoparticles during the CO2 absorption with MDEA solution in a randomly packed tower
Authors: Liu Jian , Kong Chengdong , Yang Liu , Wu Xiaojiang , Zhang Zhongxiao
Published: October 2022

In this study, the mass transfer enhancement by nanoparticles during CO2 absorption process with MDEA solution in a randomly packed tower was investigated. The mass transfer performance of MDEA solution with and without nanoparticles were quantified and analyzed in terms of the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient (KGav). An enhancement factor (E), defined as the ratio of KGav with and without nanoparticles, was further introduced to evaluate the enhancement effect of the addition of nanoparticles. The effects of TiO2 nanoparticle concentration, MDEA concentration, liquid flow rate, liquid temperature, inert gas flow rate, and CO2 loading on KGav and E were systematically studied in the packed tower. It is found that the maximum value of E can reach 1.37, when the nanoparticle concentration is 0.09wt%, the liquid flow rate is 21.22 m3/m2·h, the liquid temperature is 27°C, the MDEA concentration is 30%, the gas flow rate is 7.58 kmol/m2·h and the CO2 loading is 0.2 mol CO2/mol MDEA. Usually, the KGav of the MDEA nanofluids can be increased by 10–37% in a randomly packed tower compared to that of the MDEA solution, which is consistent with the results from the bubbling reactors. However, when the CO2 loading of absorption exceeds 50%, E becomes less than 1.0, which means that high CO2 loading inhibits the enhancement effect of nanoparticles. In order to predict the mass transfer performance of MDEA nanofluid, a formula correlating E and various dimensionless operating parameters (i.e. ,
,
and ) is proposed and fitted with an average absolute deviation of 14%. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Best friend or broken tool? Exploring the co‐existence of humans and artificial intelligence in the workplace ecosystem
Authors: Einola Katja , Khoreva Violetta
Published: October 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important topic in business literature and strategy talk. Yet, much of this literature is normative and conceptual in nature. How organizational members perceive AI and the job role changes that come with it is, so far, largely unknown territory for both HR scholars and practitioners. We sought to investigate the relationship between humans and AI and conducted an in‐depth exploratory study into the co‐existence of humans and two early‐stage AI‐solutions, one for “low‐status” automation and another for “high‐status”; augmentation. We suggest that different organizational groups may engage in distinctly different sensemaking processes regarding AI, an important insight for successful HRM strategies when AI is being introduced into the workplace. Moreover, contrary to recent conceptual work, our findings indicate that AI‐enabled automation and augmentation solutions may not be detached from nor exist in tension with each other. They are deeply embedded in organizational processes and workflows for which people who co‐exist with the technologies must take ownership. Our findings, in part, go against discussions on AI “taking over” jobs or deskilling humans. We describe a more nuanced version of reality fluctuating around the various ways different organizational groups encounter different AI‐solutions in their daily work. Finally, our study warns against unconditional technological enthusiasm, managerial ignorance of the nature of work that employees undertake in different organizational groups, and a neglect of the time and effort required to successfully implement AI‐solutions that affect not only the home organization but also members of the broader ecosystem.
Postoperative adverse events and re‐treatment among patients who have undergone laparoscopic and robotic sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse in Japan
Authors: Shigemi Daisuke , Okada Akira , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: October 2022

Objective

To describe and compare the postoperative adverse events and re‐treatment for recurrence after laparoscopic and robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy in Japanese patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study using the DeSC database, which contains claims and medical check‐up data provided by DeSC Healthcare Inc., Tokyo, Japan. We identified all patients who had undergone either laparoscopic or robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy from April 2014 to May 2021. Patient backgrounds and postoperative outcomes were compared between the laparoscopic and robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy groups. Moreover, the composite adverse event comprising vaginal erosion, postoperative urinary incontinence, postoperative dysuria, urinary tract injury, and abdominal incisional hernia was evaluated. Re‐treatment for POP recurrence included pessary use and surgery for POP was also evaluated.

Results

Among 28 748 patients diagnosed with POP, 409 (1.4%) had undergone laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy and 52 (0.2%) had undergone robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy. The prevalence of postoperative adverse events was 20.8% and 13.5% in the laparoscopic and robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy groups, respectively (P = 0.270). One patient (1.9%) underwent surgery after robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy, and none of the patients was administered pessaries postoperatively in both groups.

Conclusion

In Japan, postoperative outcomes after laparoscopic and robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy are similar and comparable to those reported in western countries.
COVID‐19 infection and pain in adolescents with sickle cell disease: A case series
Authors: Heyman Heidi M. , Alberts Nicole M. , Rees Matthew , Puri Latika , Frett Michael J. , Anghelescu Doralina L.
Published: October 2022

Adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) have been shown to have pain‐related sequelae following COVID‐19 infection. In this case series, we discuss five adolescents with SCD and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection who subsequently developed complex pain circumstances manifested as: (1) increased frequency of acute care visits or admissions for pain; (2) new onset chronic pain; (3) new onset neuropathic pain; (4) escalation in the complexity of pharmacologic therapies; (5) increased use of nonpharmacologic interventions. While more research is needed to fully understand the implications of COVID‐19 infection on pain in adolescents with SCD, these cases suggest the presence of a complex relationship.
Respective contributions of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration to long‐term changes in global drought duration and intensity
Authors: Wang Ren , Li Longhui , Chen Lijuan , Ning Liang , Yuan Linwang , Lü Guonian
Published: October 2022

Climate change has resulted in an increase in drought in most global land areas, mainly due to a decrease in regional precipitation (P) or an increase in potential evapotranspiration (PET) induced by climate warming. However, knowledge on the contributions of P and PET to long‐term changes in global drought duration and intensity is still limited. In this study, we quantitatively analysed the respective contributions of P and PET to long‐term drought duration and intensity on a global scale, using standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and different inputs of P and PET. The results showed that the mean drought duration and intensity experienced an increasing trend in most global land areas during 1950–2020, especially in western United States, eastern Amazon, Mediterranean region, Africa, western Asia, and northeastern Asia. The contributions of P and PET to historical drought evolution vary from regions. The results show that while increasing PET has extensive contribution to drought increase, regional increases in long‐term drought duration and intensity are largely determined by the variability in P, and the contribution of P to the increase in long‐term drought can even reach 100%. This study has great implications in improving physical understanding of long‐term drought evolution under climate change.
Timing of Oral Feeding in Patients Who have Undergone Free Flap Reconstruction for Oral Cancer
Authors: Wu Hong‐Yun , Shan Xiao‐Feng , Cai Zhi‐Gang , Zhang Jing , Li Pei‐Jun , Zhang Lei , Yang Yue
Published: October 2022

Objective

Determine the safety and effectiveness of a nasogastric tube removal plan designed to shorten nasogastric tube indwelling time after oral cancer surgery plus free flap reconstruction.

Materials and Methods

A parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted from May 2021 to December 2021 at Peking University School of Stomatology. Volunteers (n = 128) were separated into four groups: non‐tracheostomy control and intervention groups and tracheostomy control and intervention groups. Control patients received the conventional nasogastric tube removal plan. Non‐tracheotomy intervention patients were asked to swallow 5 ml of water on the first postoperative day. If there was no coughing, they were allowed progressively increasing amounts of water for the following 2 days. The nasogastric tube was removed only after ensuring level I/II performance on the Watian water swallowing test, no “wet voice” after drinking water, no marked decrease in blood oxygen saturation after drinking, and satisfactory daily oral nutritional intake. Tracheotomy intervention patients received the same protocol plus an additional Watian water swallowing test after tracheal tube removal.

Results

Nasogastric tube removal time was earlier in the intervention subgroups than in control subgroups: 5.0 ± 2.3 days versus 7.8 ± 3.9 days (p = 0.001) in non‐tracheostomy patients and 9.8 ± 1.1 days versus 16.2 ± 13.0 days (p = 0.049) in tracheostomy patients. Incidence of wound complications and daily food intake were comparable between the groups. The incidence of pneumonia was lower in the tracheostomy intervention group than in the tracheostomy control group (12.5% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.162). Pharyngeal pain score was lower in tracheotomy intervention patients than in tracheotomy control patients (p = 0.029). Postoperative hospital stay was shorter in tracheotomy intervention patients than in tracheotomy control patients (p = 0.005).

Conclusions

On the basis of ensuring safety and effectiveness, patients undergone free flap reconstruction for oral cancer could be offered oral intake early after surgery, which will not increase the incidence of wound complications and pneumonia or adversely affecting the oral intake of the patients; it can also help minimize pharyngeal pain and shorten postoperative hospital stay of patients with a tracheotomy.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 133:1382–1387, 2023
An artificial intelligence analysis of climate‐change influencers' marketing on Twitter
Authors: Ballestar María Teresa , Martín‐Llaguno Marta , Sainz Jorge
Published: October 2022

Designing marketing strategies with social media influencers are becoming increasingly relevant for setting political agendas. This study focuses on how two representative social influencers, Greta Thunberg and Bill Gates, engage in advising against climate change. The investigation uses 23,294 tweets posted by them or their followers citing them on climate change around the 25th edition of the United Nations Climate Change Conference. This study applies artificial intelligence and natural language processing to analyse the marketing mechanism of social influencers. We scrutinize the sentiment of the messages and then identify and analyse the different networks constructed around them to discern how pervasive a social influencer's message is. The results show that Thunberg and Gates follow different and unconnected strategies to deliver their messages to their followers.