bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planar piecewise linear random motions with jumps
Authors: Garra Roberto , Orsingher Enzo , Ratanov Nikita
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we study persistent piecewise linear multidimensional random motions. Their velocities, switching at Poisson times, are uniformly distributed on a sphere. The changes of direction are accompanied with subsequent jumps of random length and of uniformly distributed orientation.

In this paper, we obtain some useful properties and formulae of distributions of these processes. In particular, we get these distributions in the cases of jumps with Gaussian and exponential distributions of jump magnitudes.
Numerical modeling of dynamics of a population system with time delay
Authors: Dushkov I. N. , Jordanov I. P. , Vitanov N. K.
Published: August 2017

Mathematical models of interacting populations are often constructed as systems of differential equations, which describe how populations change with time. Below we study such a model connected to the nonlinear dynamics of a system of populations in presence of time delay. The consequence of the presence of the time delay is that the nonlinear dynamics of the studied system become more rich, eg, new orbits in the phase space of the system arise, which are dependent on the time‐delay parameters. In more detail, we introduce a time delay and generalize the model system of differential equations for the interaction of 3 populations based on generalized Volterra equations in which the growth rates and competition coefficients of populations depend on the number of members of all populations. Then we solve numerically the system with and without time delay. We use a modification of the method of Adams for the numerical solution of the system of model equations with time delay. By appropriate selection of the parameters and initial conditions, we show the impact of the delay time on the dynamics of the studied population system.
High‐mobility group box 1 released by autophagic cancer‐associated fibroblasts maintains the stemness of luminal breast cancer cells
Authors: Zhao Xi‐Long , Lin Yong , Jiang Jun , Tang Zhuo , Yang Shuai , Lu Lu , Liang Yan , Liu Xue , Tan Jiao , Hu Xu‐Gang , Niu Qin , Fu Wen‐Juan , Yan Ze‐Xuan , Guo De‐Yu , Ping Yi‐Fang , Wang Ji Ming , Zhang Xia , Kung Hsiang‐Fu , Bian Xiu‐Wu , Yao Xiao‐Hong
Published: August 2017

Cancer stem cells/cancer‐initiating cells (CICs) and their microenvironmental niche play a vital role in malignant tumour recurrence and metastasis. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major components of the niche of breast cancer‐initiating cells (BCICs), and their interactions may profoundly affect breast cancer progression. Autophagy has been considered to be a critical process for CIC maintenance, but whether it is involved in the cross‐talk between CAFs and CICs to affect tumourigenesis and pathological significance has not been determined. In this study, we found that the presence of CAFs containing high levels of microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3II), a marker of autophagosomes, was associated with more aggressive luminal human breast cancer. CAFs in human luminal breast cancer tissues with high autophagy activity enriched BCICs with increased tumourigenicity. Mechanistically, autophagic CAFs released high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which activated its receptor, Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 4, expressed by luminal breast cancer cells, to enhance their stemness and tumourigenicity. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry of 180 luminal breast cancers revealed that high LC3II/TLR4 levels predicted an increased relapse rate and a poorer prognosis. Our findings demonstrate that autophagic CAFs play a critical role in promoting the progression of luminal breast cancer through an HMGB1–TLR4 axis, and that both autophagy in CAFs and TLR4 on breast cancer cells constitute potential therapeutic targets. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of low bone mass among adolescents with nontransfusion‐dependent hemoglobin E/β‐thalassemia and its relationship with anemia severity
Authors: Nakavachara Pairunyar , Petchkul Jaturat , Jeerawongpanich Krittha , Kiattisakthavee Pornpimol , Manpayak Teerarat , Netsakulnee Parichat , Chaichanwattanakul Katharee , Pooliam Julaporn , Srichairatanakool Somdet , Viprakasit Vip
Published: August 2017

Background

Low bone mass is common among adolescents with transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassemia despite adequate transfusion and iron chelation. However, there are few reports regarding bone mineral density (BMD) among adolescents with nontransfusion‐dependent thalassemia (NTDT). Indeed, only BMD data in patients with nontransfusion‐dependent (NTD) β‐thalassemia intermedia have been reported. No previous study has investigated BMD among adolescents with NTD hemoglobin (Hb) E/β‐thalassemia.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of low bone mass among adolescents with NTD Hb E/β‐thalassemia and factors relating to low bone mass.

Methods

We investigated BMD of lumbar spine (L2–L4; BMDLS) and total body (BMDTB), as measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, in 22 adolescents (aged 13.2–20 years) with NTD Hb E/β‐thalassemia.

Results

Low bone mass was found to be 18.2% and 22.7% at the lumbar spine (BMDLS Z‐score adjusted for bone age and height age) and 13.6% and 9.1% at the total body (BMDTB Z‐score adjusted for bone age and height age). Patients with mean Hb level <8 g/dl were more likely to have low bone mass (BMDLS and BMDTB Z‐scores adjusted for bone age) compared to those with Hb level ≥ 8 g/dl. Mean Hb level correlated with BMDLS and BMDTB Z‐scores adjusted for bone age.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that a low Hb level was associated with low bone mass among adolescents with NTD Hb E/β‐thalassemia. A significant proportion of low bone mass among these patients highlights the importance of appropriate management, including red cell transfusion, vitamin D and calcium supplementation for improved long‐term bone health.
High‐performance conducting polybenzimidazoles nanohybrids
Authors: Ozaytekin I. , Dinc H. , Oflaz K. , Kaya T. , Cakmaktepe S. , Yılmaz E.
Published: August 2017

The use of ionic liquids (IL) and nanoparticles in polymeric membranes is known to increase the electrochemical performance for heavy metal ions must be eliminated from water resources. In this study at first, NiFe2O4and Fe3O4nanoparticles were obtained using cationic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at 120°C in autoclave. Hybrid structure of this nanoparticles obtained by the method known as the hydrothermal was prepared with polybenzimidazole (Poly[2,21‐(p‐phenylene)‐5,51‐bis(benzimidazole)]: PBI1 and (Poly[2,21‐(p,p1‐diphenylene)‐5,51‐bis(benzimidazole)]: PBI2) in IL (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide [BMIM]BF4: IL) environment. For the acquisition of hybrid nanoparticles with polybenzimidazole, polycondensation reaction of hydroxamoyl chloride (Terephtalohydroxamoyl chloride and 4,41‐Bis(phenylhydroxamoyl chloride) and 3,31‐diaminobenzidine monomers in IL environment was performed without acid media. The increase in proton conduction in comparison to the PBI membranes were observed due to the presence of ILs in PBI‐ILs blend membranes. These nanohybrids were characterized by the FT‐IR, XRD, TEM, EDX, at different temperature, vibrating sample magnetometer, and SEM analyses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction, and the hybrid microspheres were found uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrices without any agglomeration. The influence of [BMIM]BF4as IL on the structure, electrical conductivity and magnetic properties of PBI‐NiFe2O4‐IL nanocomposite were studied in detail. TGA analyses were performed for thermal resistance of nanoparticles and PBI hybrid structure.Tinitial,Tmax, andTlastdecomposition temperatures were determined, initial decomposition temperature was obtained in the range of 420–600°C for hybrid structures. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:4372–4385, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of Schiff bases metal complexes
Authors: Al Zoubi Wail , Al‐Hamdani Abbas Ali Salih , Ahmed Susan Duraid , Ko Young Gun
Published: August 2017

The new Schiff base 1‐[(2‐{1‐[(dicyclohexylamino)‐methyl]‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl}‐ethylimino)‐methyl]naphthalen‐2‐ol (HL) was prepared from 1‐{[2‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl)‐ethylimino] methyl}‐naphthalen‐2‐ol and dicyclohexyl amine. From this Schiff base, monomeric complexes [M (L)n (H2O)2 Cl2] with M = Cr, Fe, Mn, Cd, and Hg were synthesized and characterized based on elemental analysis (EA), FT‐IR, mass(MS), UV‐visible, thermal analysis, magnetic moment, and molar conductance. The results showed that the geometrical structural were octahedral geometries for the Cr(III) and Fe(III) complexes, square planer for Pd(II) complex, and tetrahedral for Mn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) complexes. Kinetic parameters such as ΔE*,ΔH*, ΔG*, and K of the thermal decomposition stages were calculated from the TGA curves using Coats‐Redfern method. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) was applied for calculations of both electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of synthesized Schiff base and its complexes. The analysis of electrostatic potential (EPS) maps correlates well with the computed energies providing on the dominant electrostatic nature of N‐H‐‐‐O interactions. The biological activities had been tested in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well fungi like Penicillium expansum, Fusarium graminearum, Macrophomina phasealina, and Candida albicans bacteria in order to assess their antimicrobial potential.
Determination of antioxidant activity of surface‐treated PET films coated with rosemary and clove extracts
Authors: Farghal Hebatullah H. , Karabagias Ioannis , El Sayed Mayyada , Kontominas Michael G.
Published: August 2017

Commercial PET films were surface treated and subsequently coated with either rosemary (RME) or clove (CE) extracts. Surface treatments involved (1) corona treatment, (2) chemical modification, and (3) plasma treatment. Radical scavenging activity (RSA) of both pure plant extracts and coated film extracts were determined using the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. RME‐coated films showed a % RSA of 25.6%, 22.4%, and 24.1% for plasma, chemical modification, and corona treatment, respectively, at an extract concentration of 1402 ppm, respectively, while pure RME showed a %RSA of 16.0%. Respective %RSA values for CE were 25.0% for plasma, 25.2% for chemically modified, and 25.2% for corona‐treated films at 1402 ppm, while pure CE showed a %RSA of 47.6%. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, performed on ground fish muscle wrapped in all types of employed films, showed a remarkable decrease in the degree of fish oxidation ranging between 50.0 and 80.0% after 6 days of storage. Contact angle measurements confirmed that surface chemically modified films had the highest adhesion strength followed by corona and plasma‐treated films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data also supported contact angle measurements. Finally, the oxygen permeability of surface‐treated films did not differ from untreated films indicating that surface treatment did not affect film barrier properties.
Influence of surgical gloves on haptic perception thresholds
Authors: Hatzfeld Christian , Dorsch Sarah , Neupert Carsten , Kupnik Mario
Published: August 2017

Background

Impairment of haptic perception by surgical gloves could reduce requirements on haptic systems for surgery. While grip forces and manipulation capabilities were not impaired in previous studies, no data is available for perception thresholds.

Methods

Absolute and differential thresholds (20 dB above threshold) of 24 subjects were measured for frequencies of 25 and 250 Hz with a Ψ‐method. Effects of wearing a surgical glove, moisture on the contact surface and subject's experience with gloves were incorporated in a full‐factorial experimental design.

Results

Absolute thresholds of 12.8 dB and −29.6 dB (means for 25 and 250 Hz, respectively) and differential thresholds of −12.6 dB and −9.5 dB agree with previous studies. A relevant effect of the frequency on absolute thresholds was found. Comparisons of glove‐ and no‐glove‐conditions did not reveal a significant mean difference.

Conclusions

Wearing a single surgical glove does not affect absolute and differential haptic perception thresholds.
An enhanced authentication with key agreement scheme for satellite communication systems
Authors: Qi Mingping , Chen Jianhua
Published: August 2017

To ensure secure communication in satellite communication systems, recently, Zhang et al presented an authentication with key agreement scheme and claimed that their scheme satisfies various security requirements. However, this paper demonstrates that Zhang et al's scheme is insecure against the stolen‐verifier attack and the denial of service attack. Furthermore, to authenticate a user, Zhang et al's scheme requires large computational load to exhaustively retrieve the user's identity and password from the account database according to a temporary identity and then update the temporary identity in the database. To overcome the weaknesses existing in Zhang et al's scheme, we proposed an enhanced authentication with key agreement scheme for satellite communication systems. The analyses of our proposed scheme show that the proposed scheme possesses perfect security properties and eliminates the weaknesses of Zhang et al's scheme well. Therefore, from the authors' viewpoints, the proposed scheme is more suitable for the authentication scheme of mobile satellite communication systems.
Five Steps Toward Successful Culturally Relevant Text Selection and Integration
Authors: Sharma Sue Ann , Christ Tanya
Published: August 2017

Given the increasing diversity in U.S. schools and the impact of texts that reflect students’ identities and experiences in the world, it has become imperative for teachers to be able to effectively integrate culturally relevant texts. In this article, the authors show how to do this using five steps to guide the process. First, teachers need to recognize the need for culturally responsive instruction. Second, they need to know more about their students’ lives; the authors present three methods for discovering this. Third, teachers need ways to search for culturally relevant texts, such as using multicultural booklists and Google searches to learn more about authors. Fourth, the authors provide a construct for selecting a text that will likely be culturally relevant for a specific student. Fifth, the authors provide an example of critical questions and personal response opportunities for using these texts within instruction.
From continuum mechanics to SPH particle systems and back: Systematic derivation and convergence
Authors: Evers Joep H.M. , Zisis Iason A. , van der Linden Bas J. , Duong Manh Hong
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we derive from the principle of least action the equation of motion for a continuous medium with regularized density field in the context of measures. The eventual equation of motion depends on the order in which regularization and the principle of least action are applied. We obtain two different equations, whose discrete counterparts coincide with the scheme used traditionally in the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical method [27], and with the equation treated by Di Lisio et al. in [9], respectively. Additionally, we prove the convergence in the Wasserstein distance of the corresponding measure‐valued evolutions, moreover providing the order of convergence of the SPH method. The convergence holds for a general class of force fields, including external and internal conservative forces, friction and non‐local interactions. The proof of convergence is illustrated numerically by means of one and two‐dimensional examples.
Near-wall statistics of a turbulent pipe flow at shear Reynolds numbers up to 40 000
Authors: Willert Christian E. , Soria Julio , Stanislas Michel , Klinner Joachim , Amili Omid , Eisfelder Michael , Cuvier Christophe , Bellani Gabriele , Fiorini Tommaso , Talamelli Alessandro
Published: August 2017

This paper reports on near-wall two-component–two-dimensional (2C–2D) particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements of a turbulent pipe flow at shear Reynolds numbers up to $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=40\,000$ acquired in the CICLoPE facility of the University of Bologna. The 111.5 m long pipe of 900 mm diameter offers a well-established turbulent flow with viscous length scales ranging from $85~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ at $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=5000$ down to $11~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ at $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=40\,000$. These length scales can be resolved with a high-speed PIV camera at image magnification near unity. Statistically converged velocity profiles were determined using multiple sequences of up to 70 000 PIV recordings acquired at sampling rates of 100 Hz up to 10 kHz. Analysis of the velocity statistics shows a well-resolved inner peak of the streamwise velocity fluctuations that grows with increasing Reynolds number and an outer peak that develops and moves away from the inner peak with increasing Reynolds number.
The influence of organic matter content and media compaction on the dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes with different foraging strategies
Authors: KAPRANAS APOSTOLOS , MAHER ABIGAIL M. D. , GRIFFIN CHRISTINE T.
Published: August 2017

In laboratory experiments, we investigated how media with varying ratio of peat:sand and two levels of compaction influence dispersal success of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species with different foraging strategies:Steinernema carpocapsae(ambusher),Heterorhabditis downesi(cruiser) andSteinernema feltiae(intermediate). Success was measured by the numbers of nematodes moving through a 4 cm column and invading a wax moth larva. We found that both compaction and increasing peat content generally decreased EPN infective juvenile (IJ) success for all three species. Of the three species,H. downesiwas the least affected by peat content, andS. carpocapsaewas the most adversely influenced by compaction. In addition, sex ratios of the invading IJs of the twoSteinernemaspecies were differentially influenced by peat content, and in the case ofS. feltiae, sex ratio was also affected by compaction. This indicates that dispersal of male and female IJs is differentially affected by soil parameters and that this differentiation is species-specific. In conclusion, our study shows that organic matter: sand ratio and soil compaction have a marked influence on EPN foraging behaviour with implications for harnessing them as biological pest control agents.
Psychosis as a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Huang X. , Fox K. R. , Ribeiro J. D. , Franklin J. C.
Published: August 2017

Background

Research has long noted higher prevalence rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among individuals with psychotic symptoms. Major theories have proposed several explanations to account for this association. Given the differences in the literature regarding the operationalization of psychosis and sample characteristics, a quantitative review is needed to determine to what extent and how psychosis confers risk for suicidality.

Methods

We searched PsycInfo, PubMed, and GoogleScholar for studies published before 1 January 2016. To be included in the analysis, studies must have used at least one psychosis-related factor to longitudinally predict suicide ideation, attempt, or death. The initial search yielded 2541 studies. Fifty studies were retained for analysis, yielding 128 statistical tests.

Results

Suicide death was the most commonly studied outcome (43.0%), followed by attempt (39.1%) and ideation (18.0%). The median follow-up length was 7.5 years. Overall, psychosis significantly conferred risk across three outcomes, with weighted mean ORs of 1.70 (1.39–2.08) for ideation, 1.36 (1.25–1.48) for attempt, and 1.40 (1.14–1.72) for death. Detailed analyses indicated that positive symptoms consistently conferred risk across outcomes; negative symptoms were not significantly associated with ideation, and were protective against death. Some small moderator effects were detected for sample characteristics.

Conclusions

Psychosis is a significant risk factor for suicide ideation, attempt, and death. The finding that positive symptoms increased suicide risk and negative symptoms seemed to decrease risk sheds light on the potential mechanisms for the association between psychosis and suicidality. We note several limitations of the literature and offer suggestions for future directions.
The prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students: a meta-analysis
Authors: Mortier P. , Cuijpers P. , Kiekens G. , Auerbach R. P. , Demyttenaere K. , Green J. G. , Kessler R. C. , Nock M. K. , Bruffaerts R.
Published: August 2017

Background

Adolescence and young adulthood carry risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB). An increasing subpopulation of young people consists of college students. STB prevalence estimates among college students vary widely, precluding a validated point of reference. In addition, little is known on predictors for between-study heterogeneity in STB prevalence.

Methods

A systematic literature search identified 36 college student samples that were assessed for STB outcomes, representing a total of 634 662 students [median sample size = 2082 (IQR 353–5200); median response rate = 74% (IQR 37–89%)]. We used random-effects meta-analyses to obtain pooled STB prevalence estimates, and multivariate meta-regression models to identify predictors of between-study heterogeneity.

Results

Pooled prevalence estimates of lifetime suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts were 22.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 19.5–25.3%], 6.1% (95% CI 4.8–7.7%), and 3.2% (95% CI 2.2–4.5%), respectively. For 12-month prevalence, this was 10.6% (95% CI 9.1–12.3%), 3.0% (95% CI 2.1–4.0%), and 1.2% (95% CI 0.8–1.6%), respectively. Measures of heterogeneity were high for all outcomes (I2 = 93.2–99.9%), indicating substantial between-study heterogeneity not due to sampling error. Pooled estimates were generally higher for females, as compared with males (risk ratios in the range 1.12–1.67). Higher STB estimates were also found in samples with lower response rates, when using broad definitions of suicidality, and in samples from Asia.

Conclusions

Based on the currently available evidence, STB seem to be common among college students. Future studies should: (1) incorporate refusal conversion strategies to obtain adequate response rates, and (2) use more fine-grained measures to assess suicidal ideation.
The Marionette: Intermedial Presence and B-Boy Culture in South Korea
Authors: CHOI SEOKHUN
Published: August 2017

In this essay, I argue that human performers and technological media can work together as equal partners rather than as rivals competing for the audience's attention. Understanding presence in the ‘strong’ sense of the word – namely the actor's ability to draw the spectators’ undivided attention as opposed to the ‘weak’ sense of simply being present – I substantiate this claim with a model of intermedial presence inThe Marionette, a popular Korean b-boy show that combines live dancing with video and black light. The show's central motif of puppetry puts the live dancers and the media elements in a highly integrated relationship while their distinct ontological identities are maintained. Understanding the show's intermedial dynamics in terms of collaboration and hypermediacy challenges the conventional binary between the live and the mediatized, as well as the assimilationist position that regards the two as fused in intermedial performance.
Some sharp results about the global existence and blowup of solutions to a class of pseudo-parabolic equations
Authors: Zhu Xiaoli , Li Fuyi , Li Yuhua
Published: August 2017

In this paper we are interested in a sharp result about the global existence and blowup of solutions to a class of pseudo-parabolic equations. First, we represent a unique local weak solution in a new integral form that does not depend on any semigroup. Second, with the help of the Nehari manifold related to the stationary equation, we separate the whole space into two components S+ and S– via a new method, then a sufficient and necessary condition under which the weak solution blows up is established, that is, a weak solution blows up at a finite time if and only if the initial data belongs to S–. Furthermore, we study the decay behaviour of both the solution and the energy functional, and the decay ratios are given specifically.
Optimal fuzzy scheduling and sequencing of multiple-period operating room
Authors: Al-Refaie Abbas , Judeh Mays , Li Ming-Hsien
Published: August 2017

Little research has considered fuzzy scheduling and sequencing problem in operating rooms. Multiple-period fuzzy scheduling and sequencing of patients in operating rooms optimization models are proposed in this research taking into consideration patient‘s preference. The objective of the scheduling optimization model is obtaining minimal undertime and overtime and maximum patients' satisfaction about the assigned date. The objective of sequencing the optimization model is both to minimize overtime and to maximize patients' satisfaction about the assigned time. A real-life case study from a hospital that offers comprehensive surgical procedures for all surgical specialties is considered for illustration. Research results showed that the proposed models efficiently scheduled and sequenced patients while considering their preferences and hospitals operating costs. In conclusion, the proposed optimization models may result in improving patient satisfaction, utilizing hospital's resources efficiently, and providing assistance to decision makers and planners in solving effectively fuzzy scheduling and sequencing problems of operating rooms.
Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), dopamine transporter solute carrier family C6, member 4 (SLC6A3), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes as moderators of the relation between maternal history of maltreatment and infant emotion regulation
Authors: Villani Vanessa , Ludmer Jaclyn , Gonzalez Andrea , Levitan Robert , Kennedy James , Masellis Mario , Basile Vincenzo S. , Wekerle Christine , Atkinson Leslie
Published: August 2017

Although infants less than 18 months old are capable of engaging in self-regulatory behavior (e.g., avoidance, withdrawal, and orienting to other aspects of their environment), the use of self-regulatory strategies at this age (as opposed to relying on caregivers) is associated with elevated behavioral and physiological distress. This study investigated infant dopamine-related genotypes (dopamine receptor D2 [DRD2], dopamine transporter solute carrier family C6, member 4 [SLC6A3], and catechol-O-methyltransferase [COMT]) as they interact with maternal self-reported history of maltreatment to predict observed infant independent emotion regulation behavior. A community sample (N= 193) of mother–infant dyads participated in a toy frustration challenge at infant age 15 months, and infant emotion regulation behavior was coded. Buccal cells were collected for genotyping. Maternal maltreatment history significantly interacted with infantSLC6A3andCOMTgenotypes, such that infants with more 10-repeat and valine alleles ofSLC6A3andCOMT,respectively, relative to infants with fewer or no 10-repeat and valine alleles, utilized more independent (i.e., maladaptive) regulatory behavior if mother reported a more extensive maltreatment history, as opposed to less. The findings indicate that child genetic factors moderate the intergenerational impact of maternal maltreatment history. The results are discussed in terms of potential mechanism of Gene × Environment interaction.
Triangle-Free Subgraphs of Random Graphs
Authors: ALLEN PETER , BÖTTCHER JULIA , KOHAYAKAWA YOSHIHARU , ROBERTS BARNABY
Published: August 2017

Recently there has been much interest in studying random graph analogues of well-known classical results in extremal graph theory. Here we follow this trend and investigate the structure of triangle-free subgraphs of G(n, p) with high minimum degree. We prove that asymptotically almost surely each triangle-free spanning subgraph of G(n, p) with minimum degree at least (2/5 + o(1))pn is (p−1n)-close to bipartite, and each spanning triangle-free subgraph of G(n, p) with minimum degree at least (1/3 + ϵ)pn is O(p−1n)-close to r-partite for some r = r(ϵ). These are random graph analogues of a result by Andrásfai, Erdős and Sós (Discrete Math.8 (1974), 205–218), and a result by Thomassen (Combinatorica22 (2002), 591–596). We also show that our results are best possible up to a constant factor.
Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and acceptability of a fish protein isolate in the nutrition of children under 36 months of age
Authors: Ochoa Theresa J , Baiocchi Nelly , Valdiviezo Gladys , Bullon Vanessa , Campos Miguel , Llanos-Cuentas Alejandro
Published: August 2017

Objective

To determine the effect of a fish protein isolate (FPi), administered over 6 months, on the growth of children aged 6–36 months, measured by Z-scores of height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ), compared with the standard meal without FPi; and to determine the safety and acceptability of FPi daily consumption.

Design

Cluster-randomized community-based controlled trial. For 6 months, the centres received either FPi replacing 50 % of total proteins in the diet or standard protein. HAZ and WHZ were used to determine the effect on growth. Acceptability was determined by daily consumption, measured by weighing the servings before and after consumption.

Setting

Day care centres and community nutritional centres in northern Lima, Peru.

Subjects

Children (n 441) aged 6–36 months.

Results

Four centres were randomized to the intervention with FPi, five centres were randomized to the standard control diet. More than 36 900 meals were prepared and administered in a supervised manner. Both groups received the same amounts of energy and proteins daily (proteins about 12–15 % of total energy). Growth of children who received the FPi diet was similar to that of children with the standard diet. Consumption was similar in the FPi and control groups (70 v. 80 % of amount offered, respectively). The protein was safe and well tolerated. No adverse events were reported. However, the cost of the intervention with FPi was 20–40 % lower v. the standard diet with animal protein derived from beef, chicken, eggs or liver.

Conclusions

The FPi was well accepted and there was no significant difference in growth between both groups. FPi is a potential source of animal protein at lower cost.
Is Aboriginal nutrition a priority for local government? A policy analysis
Authors: Helson Catherine , Walker Ruth , Palermo Claire , Rounsefell Kim , Aron Yudit , MacDonald Catherine , Atkinson Petah , Browne Jennifer
Published: August 2017

Objective

The present study aimed to explore how Australian local governments prioritise the health and well-being of Aboriginal populations and the extent to which nutrition is addressed by local government health policy.

Design

In the state of Victoria, Australia, all seventy-nine local governments’ public health policy documents were retrieved. Inclusion of Aboriginal health and nutrition in policy documents was analysed using quantitative content analysis. Representation of Aboriginal nutrition ‘problems’ and ‘solutions’ was examined using qualitative framing analysis. The socio-ecological framework was used to classify the types of Aboriginal nutrition issues and strategies within policy documents.

Setting

Victoria, Australia.

Subjects

Local governments’ public health policy documents (n79).

Results

A small proportion (14 %,n11) of local governments addressed Aboriginal health and well-being in terms of nutrition. Where strategies aimed at nutrition existed, they mostly focused on individual factors rather than the broader macroenvironment.

Conclusions

A limited number of Victorian local governments address nutrition as a health issue for their Aboriginal populations in policy documents. Nutrition needs to be addressed as a community and social responsibility rather than merely an individual ‘behaviour’. Partnerships are required to ensure Aboriginal people lead government policy development.
A NOTE ON MARCINKIEWICZ INTEGRALS ASSOCIATED TO SURFACES OF REVOLUTION
Authors: LIU FENG
Published: August 2017

We establish the bounds of Marcinkiewicz integrals associated to surfaces of revolution generated by two polynomial mappings on Triebel–Lizorkin spaces and Besov spaces when their integral kernels are given by functions $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}\in H^{1}(\text{S}^{n-1})\cup L(\log ^{+}L)^{1/2}(\text{S}^{n-1})$. Our main results represent improvements as well as natural extensions of many previously known results.
Physiotherapy managers’ views of musculoskeletal physiotherapy service provision in Ireland: a qualitative study
Authors: French Helen P. , Galvin Rose
Published: August 2017

Aim

Integrated multidisciplinary primary healthcare is still in a relatively early stage of development in Ireland, with significant restructuring occurring in the past decade. Musculoskeletal physiotherapy services traditionally provided in acute hospital settings have been relocated into the primary care setting where the physiotherapist works as part of the multidisciplinary team. This study aimed to explore physiotherapy managers’ experiences of managing musculoskeletal physiotherapy services in primary care to gain an insight into the opportunities and challenges in service delivery, changing roles and ongoing professional development needs of staff.

Participants

Qualitative design using semi-structured interviews with primary care physiotherapy managers in the Republic of Ireland was employed.

Results

Five interviews took in a mix of rural and urban areas nationally. The relationship with the GP was an important one in musculoskeletal physiotherapy services in primary care. Physiotherapists were well skilled but opportunities for professional and career development were restricted. Methods of optimising resources in the face of staffing restrictions were identified. Whilst there were many examples of innovations in service delivery, various barriers negatively impacted on optimal service including resource constraints and national strategy.

Conclusions

A number of factors that impact on musculoskeletal service delivery in primary care from the perspective of physiotherapy managers were identified in this study. Future research should explore the views of other stakeholders to provide a more thorough understanding of the relevant issues affecting musculoskeletal physiotherapy service provision in primary care in Ireland.
Induction of autophagy by sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor PF-543 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Hamada Masakazu , Kameyama Hiroyasu , Iwai Soichi , Yura Yoshiaki
Published: August 2017

Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) regulates tumor growth. The effects of PF-543, a specific SphK1 inhibitor, on human SCC cells were examined. The proportion of viable cells after PF-543 treatment decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and cell death occurred in SphK1-expressing SCC cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that PF-543 induced both necrosis and apoptosis. PF-543 also induced granular accumulation of LC3 and conversion from LC3-I to LC3-II, which was blocked by autophagy inhibitors, wortmannin, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), and bafilomycin A1. Treatment of head and neck SCC cells with autophagy inhibitors and PF-543 increased the proportion of cells with necrosis and apoptosis, indicating that autophagy acts to promote cell survival. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger reduced the cytotoxicity of PF-543. These results demonstrated that PF-543 induces apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy in human head and neck SCC cells, and that autophagy antagonizes either necrosis or apoptosis.
Erratum: Molecular preservation of 1.88 Ga Gunflint organic microfossils as a function of temperature and mineralogy
Authors: Alleon Julien , Bernard Sylvain , Le Guillou Corentin , Marin-Carbonne Johanna , Pont Sylvain , Beyssac Olivier , McKeegan Kevin D. , Robert François
Published: August 2017

Nature Communications 7 Article number: 11977 (2016); Published 17 June 2016; Updated 14 August 2017 This Article contains errors in the figure numbering and referencing that were introduced during the production process. Figures 4, 5 and 6 should be labelled as Figs 5, 6 and 4, respectively. In paragraph 9 of the Discussion section, the penultimate sentence should read ‘Yet, Triple Junction and Mink Mountain organic microfossils exhibit very similar C-XANES spectra (Fig.
Discovery of potential biomarkers in human melanoma cells with different metastatic potential by metabolic and lipidomic profiling
Authors: Kim Hye-Youn , Lee Hwanhui , Kim So-Hyun , Jin Hanyong , Bae Jeehyeon , Choi Hyung-Kyoon
Published: August 2017

Malignant melanoma, characterized by its ability to metastasize to other organs, is responsible for 90% of skin cancer mortality. To investigate alterations in the cellular metabolome and lipidome related to melanoma metastasis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and direct infusion-mass spectrometry (DI-MS)-based metabolic and lipidomic profiling were performed on extracts of normal human melanocyte (HEMn-LP), low metastatic melanoma (A375, G361), and highly metastatic melanoma (A2058, SK-MEL-28) cell lines. In this study, metabolomic analysis identified aminomalonic acid as a novel potential biomarker to discriminate between different stages of melanoma metastasis. Uptake and release of major metabolites as hallmarks of cancer were also measured between high and low metastatic melanoma cells. Lipid analysis showed a progressive increase in phosphatidylinositol (PI) species with saturated and monounsaturated fatty acyl chains, including 16:0/18:0, 16:0/18:1, 18:0/18:0, and 18:0/18:1, with increasing metastatic potential of melanoma cells, defining these lipids as possible biomarkers. In addition, a partial-least-squares projection to latent structure regression (PLSR) model for the prediction of metastatic properties of melanoma was established, and central metabolic and lipidomic pathways involved in the increased motility and metastatic potential of melanoma cells were identified as therapeutic targets. These results could be used to diagnose and control of melanoma metastasis.
IRS4, a novel modulator of BMP/Smad and Akt signalling during early muscle differentiation
Authors: Dörpholz Gina , Murgai Arunima , Jatzlau Jerome , Horbelt Daniel , Belverdi Mohammad Poorgholi , Heroven Christina , Schreiber Isabelle , Wendel Gisela , Ruschke Karen , Stricker Sigmar , Knaus Petra
Published: August 2017

Elaborate regulatory networks of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathways ensure precise signalling outcome during cell differentiation and tissue homeostasis. Here, we identified IRS4 as a novel regulator of BMP signal transduction and provide molecular insights how it integrates into the signalling pathway. We found that IRS4 interacts with the BMP receptor BMPRII and specifically targets Smad1 for proteasomal degradation consequently leading to repressed BMP/Smad signalling in C2C12 myoblasts while concomitantly activating the PI3K/Akt axis. IRS4 is present in human and primary mouse myoblasts, the expression increases during myogenic differentiation but is downregulated upon final commitment coinciding with Myogenin expression. Functionally, IRS4 promotes myogenesis in C2C12 cells, while IRS4 knockdown inhibits differentiation of myoblasts. We propose that IRS4 is particularly critical in the myoblast stage to serve as a molecular switch between BMP/Smad and Akt signalling and to thereby control cell commitment. These findings provide profound understanding of the role of BMP signalling in early myogenic differentiation and open new ways for targeting the BMP pathway in muscle regeneration.
Hidden peculiar magnetic anisotropy at the interface in a ferromagnetic perovskite-oxide heterostructure
Authors: Anh Le Duc , Okamoto Noboru , Seki Munetoshi , Tabata Hitoshi , Tanaka Masaaki , Ohya Shinobu
Published: August 2017

Understanding and controlling the interfacial magnetic properties of ferromagnetic thin films are crucial for spintronic device applications. However, using conventional magnetometry, it is difficult to detect them separately from the bulk properties. Here, by utilizing tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance in a single-barrier heterostructure composed of La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (LSMO)/LaAlO3 (LAO)/Nb-doped SrTiO3 (001), we reveal the presence of a peculiar strong two-fold magnetic anisotropy (MA) along the [110]c direction at the LSMO/LAO interface, which is not observed in bulk LSMO. This MA shows unknown behavior that the easy magnetization axis rotates by 90° at an energy of 0.2 eV below the Fermi level in LSMO. We attribute this phenomenon to the transition between the eg and t2g bands at the LSMO interface. Our finding and approach to understanding the energy dependence of the MA demonstrate a new possibility of efficient control of the interfacial magnetic properties by controlling the band structures of oxide heterostructures.
The heat shock response and humoral immune response are mutually antagonistic in honey bees
Authors: McKinstry Mia , Chung Charlie , Truong Henry , Johnston Brittany A. , Snow Jonathan W.
Published: August 2017

The honey bee is of paramount importance to humans in both agricultural and ecological settings. Honey bee colonies have suffered from increased attrition in recent years, stemming from complex interacting stresses. Defining common cellular stress responses elicited by these stressors represents a key step in understanding potential synergies. The proteostasis network is a highly conserved network of cellular stress responses involved in maintaining the homeostasis of protein production and function. Here, we have characterized the Heat Shock Response (HSR), one branch of this network, and found that its core components are conserved. In addition, exposing bees to elevated temperatures normally encountered by honey bees during typical activities results in robust HSR induction with increased expression of specific heat shock proteins that was variable across tissues. Surprisingly, we found that heat shock represses multiple immune genes in the abdomen and additionally showed that wounding the cuticle of the abdomen results in decreased expression of multiple HSR genes in proximal and distal tissues. This mutually antagonistic relationship between the HSR and immune activation is unique among invertebrates studied to date and may promote understanding of potential synergistic effects of disparate stresses in this critical pollinator and social insects more broadly.
Bioenergetic Adaptations in Chemoresistant Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Dar Sajad , Chhina Jasdeep , Mert Ismail , Chitale Dhananjay , Buekers Thomas , Kaur Hareena , Giri Shailendra , Munkarah Adnan , Rattan Ramandeep
Published: August 2017

Earlier investigations have revealed that tumor cells undergo metabolic reprogramming and mainly derive their cellular energy from aerobic glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation even in the presence of oxygen. However, recent studies have shown that certain cancer cells display increased oxidative phosphorylation or high metabolically active phenotype. Cellular bioenergetic profiling of 13 established and 12 patient derived ovarian cancer cell lines revealed significant bioenergetics diversity. The bioenergetics phenotype of ovarian cancer cell lines correlated with functional phenotypes of doubling time and oxidative stress. Interestingly, chemosensitive cancer cell lines (A2780 and PEO1) displayed a glycolytic phenotype while their chemoresistant counterparts (C200 and PEO4) exhibited a high metabolically active phenotype with the ability to switch between oxidative phosphorylation or glycolysis. The chemosensitive cancer cells could not survive glucose deprivation, while the chemoresistant cells displayed adaptability. In the patient derived ovarian cancer cells, a similar correlation was observed between a high metabolically active phenotype and chemoresistance. Thus, ovarian cancer cells seem to display heterogeneity in using glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation as an energy source. The flexibility in using different energy pathways may indicate a survival adaptation to achieve a higher ‘cellular fitness’ that may be also associated with chemoresistance.
The validity of self-report of eye diseases in participants with vision loss in the National Eye Health Survey
Authors: Foreman Joshua , Xie Jing , Keel Stuart , van Wijngaarden Peter , Taylor Hugh R. , Dirani Mohamed
Published: August 2017

We assessed the validity and reliability of self-report of eye disease in participants with unilateral vision loss (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 in the worse eye and equal to or better than 6/12 in the better eye) or bilateral vision loss (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 in the better eye) in Australia’s National Eye Health Survey. In total, 1738 Indigenous Australians and 3098 non-Indigenous Australians were sampled from 30 sites. Participants underwent a questionnaire and self-reported their eye disease histories. A clinical examination identified whether participants had cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. For those identified as having unilateral or bilateral vision loss (438 Indigenous Australians and 709 non-Indigenous Australians), self-reports were compared with examination results using validity and reliability measures. Reliability was poor for all four diseases (Kappa 0.06 to 0.37). Measures of validity of self-report were variable, with generally high specificities (93.7% to 99.2%) in all diseases except for cataract (63.9 to 73.1%) and low sensitivities for all diseases (7.6% in Indigenous Australians with diabetic retinopathy to 44.1% of non-Indigenous Australians with cataract). This study suggests that self-report is an unreliable population-based research tool for identifying eye disease in those with vision loss.
A route to robust thioether-functionalized MOF solid materials displaying heavy metal uptake and the ability to be further oxidized
Authors: Xiao Guo-Wei , Chen Teng-Fei , Sun Xin-Zhan , Guo Hui , Li Zhong-Feng , Deng Yu-Heng , Wan Chong-Qing
Published: August 2017

A facile and mild solvent-assisted ligand exchange method was developed as an alternative strategy to achieve thioether-based MOFs, and their oxidized forms, that were able to take up heavy metals from solutions and capture CO2.
Copper photoredox catalyst “G1”: a new high performance photoinitiator for near-UV and visible LEDs
Authors: Mokbel H. , Anderson D. , Plenderleith R. , Dietlin C. , Morlet-Savary F. , Dumur F. , Gigmes D. , Fouassier J.-P. , Lalevée J.
Published: August 2017

The goal of this paper concerns the development of photoinitiating systems usable in industrial processes for coating applications and the production of thick epoxy/glass fibre composites.
A facile synthetic route for the morphology-controlled formation of triazine-based covalent organic nanosheets (CONs)
Authors: Kim Min-Sung , Phang Cheol Soo , Jeong Young Kyu , Park Jin Kuen
Published: August 2017

A new type of organic nanosheet was synthesized via two different routes. We found that the morphologies of resulting products can be controlled based on the synthetic route and solvent used for film formation.
A bifunctional NiCoP-based core/shell cocatalyst to promote separate photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen generation over graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Qin Zhixiao , Chen Yubin , Huang Zhenxiong , Su Jinzhan , Guo Liejin
Published: August 2017

A bifunctional core/shell cocatalyst with a NiCoP core and a nickel cobalt phosphate (NiCo–Pi) shell is developed to promote photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen generation over graphitic carbon nitride.