bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender-specific linkages: frailty, polypharmacy, anti-cholinergic burden, and 5-year mortality risk—a real-world analysis
Authors: Chou Yin Yi , Lee Yu Shan , Lin Chu Sheng , Chen Jun Peng , Kuo Fu-Hsuan , Lin Cheng-Fu , Chen Yi-Ming , Lin Shih-Yi
Published: November 2023

Background

With higher age, frailty escalates the risk of falls, unexpected physical dysfunction, hospitalization, and mortality. Polypharmacy in the older population is a major challenge that not only increases medical costs, but also may worsen the risk of hospitalization and death. More importantly, the properties of anti-cholinergic drugs contribute various negative effects. This study aimed to investigate the sex difference in the association of polypharmacy, anticholinergic burden, and frailty with mortality.

Methods

Participants older than 65 years who attended the geriatric outpatient clinic of the study center between January 2015 and July 2020 were invited to participate in this retrospective study. Comprehensive geriatric assessment data were collected and the phenotype of frailty was determined by Fried’s criteria. Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier curve were used to identify risk factors of 5-year survival along with intergroup differences in the risks.

Results

Of the 2,077 participants, 47.5% were female. The prevalence of frailty and the rate of polypharmacy were 44.7% and 60.6%, respectively. Higher age, male sex, low body mass index, low Mini-Mental State Examination scores, low activities of daily living, frailty status, polypharmacy, and a high Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and greater anticholinergic burden were significant risk factors that were associated with the 5-year all-cause mortality. Male patients with frailty exhibited the highest risks of mortality compared with male patients without frailty and female patients with or without frailty. Polypharmacy was significantly associated with a higher 5-year mortality rate in the frail male group compared with the non-frail male. In frail female group, individuals with a higher anticholinergic burden (as indicated by the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale) from drug usage exhibited an elevated 5-year mortality rate.

Conclusions

Polypharmacy and greater anticholinergic burden, synergistically interacted with frailty and intensified the 5-year mortality risk in a gender-specific manner. To mitigate mortality risks, clinicians should prudently identify polypharmacy and anticholinergic burden in the older population.
Targeting B4GALT7 suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma through the Cdc2/CyclinB1 and miR-338-3p/MMP2 pathway
Authors: Liu Chang , Jia Yuqi , Zhao Xinan , Wang Zifeng , Zhu Xiaoxia , Zhang Chan , Li Xiaoning , Zhao Xuhua , Gong Tao , Zhao Hong , Zhang Dong , Niu Yuhu , Dong Xiushan , Li Gaopeng , Li Feng , Zhang Hongwei , Zhang Li , Xu Jun , Yu Baofeng
Published: November 2023

Background

As a three-dimensional network involving glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans (PGs) and other glycoproteins, the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumorigenesis is well revealed. Abnormal glycosylation in liver cancer is correlated with tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. However, the role of galactosyltransferase in HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) is largely unknown.

Methods

Here, the oncogenic functions of B4GALT7 (beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7) were identified in HCC by a panel of in vitro experiments, including MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), colony formation, transwell and flow cytometry assay. The expression of B4GALT7 in HCC cell lines and tissues were examined by qPCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and western blot assay. The binding between B4GALT7 and miR-338-3p was examined by dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Results

B4GALT7 encodes galactosyltransferase I and it is highly expressed in HCC cells and human HCC tissues compared with para-tumor specimens. MiR-338-3p was identified to bind the 3′ UTR (untranslated region) of B4GALT7. Highly expressed miR-338-3p suppressed HCC cell invasive abilities and rescued the tumor-promoting effect of B4GALT7 in HCC. ShRNA (short hairpin RNA) mediated B4GALT7 suppression reduced HCC cell invasive abilities, and inhibited the expression of MMP-2 and Erk signaling.

Conclusion

These findings identified B4GALT7 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
Response of Different Dates of Sowing and Fertility Levels on Yield and Economics of Rabi Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Damor Navdeep , Panchal Chena , Panchal Jigar , Patel Manan
Published: November 2023

A discipline test changed into performed for the duration of the rabi season of 2015-16 to study the performance of rabi maize to one-of-a-kind dates of sowing and fertility tiers. The trial become laid out in a split plot design with 4 replications, assigning a total 48 mixtures i.e. four sowing dates (15th October, 1st November, 15th November and 1st December) in the predominant plot and three fertility ranges from urea and DAP (200-100-00, 175-87.5-00 and 150-75-00 kg NPK in kg ha-1.) in the sub plots. The crop sown on 1st November extensively more advantageous the yields and economics compared to early sowing 15th October and past due sowing 15th November and 1st December whilst, 200-100-00 kg NPK in line with ha-1 utility appreciably improved over one 175-87.5-00 kg NPK in step with ha and 150-75-00 kg NPK in line with ha.
Integrated Application of Inorganic, Organic Sources and Biofertilizers on Nutrient Status of Soil and Aonla Leaves under Sub-Tropics of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Sharma Ankur , Chawla Ritik , Dahiya Priyanka , Nagaich K. N.
Published: November 2023

The field experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Research CRC Farm – 1 of the Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, ITM University Gwalior (M.P.) during the year 2019 and 2020 to study the Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management on nutrient status of soil and aonla leaves under sub-tropics of Madhya Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in the randomized block design with three replications and eleven treatments viz. (control) - RDF (1000: 500:1000 g/ tree),  3/4thof RDF + FYM,  3/4th of RDF + FYM + Azotobacter (100 g), 3/4th of RDF + FYM+ Azospirillum (100 g), 3/4th of RDF + FYM+ PSB (100 g), 3/4thof RDF + FYM+ Azotobacter + Azospirillum + PSB(100 g/tree each), ½ of RDF + FYM, 1/2 of RDF + FYM+ Azotobacter (100 g), 1/2 of RDF + FYM + Azospirillum(100 g), ½ of RDF + FYM + PSB(100 g), ½ of RDF + FYM + Azotobacter + Azospirillum + PSB (100 g/tree, each. The results revealed that among different treatments, application of ½ of RDF + FYM + Azotobacter + Azospirillum + PSB recorded higher microbial population, available nitroge, phosphorus, potassium and available soil zinc, copper and boron which was followed by application of 1/2 of RDF + FYM+ Azotobacter (100 g). Thus, application of ½ of RDF + FYM + Azotobacter + Azospirillum + PSB was found to best for improving the soil nutrient status which will in turn help in improving the yield of Aonla.
Blood and Its Components
Authors: Cohn Claudia S. , Shaz Beth H.
Published: November 2023

This JAMA Insights summarizes best clinical practices for use of whole blood, plasma, cryoprecipitate, platelets, and red blood cells in the process of blood transfusion.
FBXL16 promotes cell growth and drug resistance in lung adenocarcinomas with KRAS mutation by stabilizing IRS1 and upregulating IRS1/AKT signaling
Authors: Morel Marion , Long Weiwen
Published: November 2023

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) are a major subtype of non‐small‐cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). About 25% of LUADs harbor GTPase KRAS mutations associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. While encouraging tumor response to novel covalent inhibitors specifically targeting KRASG12C has been shown in the clinic, either intrinsic resistance exists or acquired therapeutic resistance arises upon treatment. There is an unmet need to identify new therapeutic targets for treating LUADs with activating KRAS mutations, particularly those with resistance to KRASG12C inhibitor(s). In this study, we have revealed that F‐box/LRR‐repeat protein 16 (FBXL16) is selectively upregulated in LUAD with KRAS mutations. It promotes LUAD cell growth and transforms lung epithelial cells. Importantly, FBXL16 depletion greatly enhances sensitivity to the KRASG12C inhibitor (sotorasib) in resistant cells by downregulating phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB; also known as AKT) signaling. Mechanistically, FBXL16 upregulates insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) protein stability, leading to an increase of IGF1/AKT signaling, thereby promoting cell growth and migration. Taken together, our study highlights the potential of FBXL16 as a therapeutic target for treating LUAD with KRAS activating mutations.
Sensor fault‐tolerant control for an internal combustion engine
Authors: Escobar‐Jiménez R. F. , Ocampo‐Rodríguez L. E. , Osorio‐Gordillo G. L. , García‐Beltrán C. D.
Published: November 2023

This research presents the design of a fault‐tolerant system based on a dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) and a bank of two high‐gain observers to ensure the continuous operation of an internal combustion engine (ICE) despite total and partial faults in the mass airflow (MAF) sensor, temperature sensor, and pressure sensor. The DEKF aims to estimate the air mass flow rate () through the throttle valve. The DEKF uses the temperature and pressure measured in the intake manifold to accurately estimate the (), a failure in any of both sensors will not allow the correct functioning of the DEKF. Therefore, a bank of two high‐gain observers is proposed to estimate the pressure and temperature from only one measure. Observer 1 estimates the temperature and pressure from the pressure, and Observer 2 uses the temperature for estimating pressure and temperature. Hence, if the temperature or pressure sensors fail, the estimated temperature or pressure will replace the ill‐measure signal. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed fault‐tolerant system in the case of one sensor or multiple sensor faults.
T‐S fuzzy observer and actuator fault‐tolerant controller designs for descriptor systems
Authors: El Youssfi Naoufal , Zoulagh Taha , El Aiss Hicham , El Bachtiri Rachid , Barbosa Karina A.
Published: November 2023

This work focuses on designing an observer to measure states and actuator faults as well as fault‐tolerant control (FTC) for fuzzy Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) singular systems. An enhanced system is built by creating a new vector from the system state and the actuator faults. The first task is simultaneously to estimate system states and actuator faults with an adaptive observer. Then, in order to get a stabilized faulty singular system, we conceive an observer based on FTC. Using Lyapunov's approach, a linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) feasibility problem is formulated to provide the controller and the observer gains. Compared with previous studies, the proposed method significantly simplifies the design and simultaneously provides the controller and the observer gains in one step. Finally, three examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control.
Thermo‐Mechanical Characteristics of a Sandwich Cylindrical Shell with Entangled Metallic Wire Mesh: Numerical and Experimental Analysis
Authors: Xue Xin , Lin Congcong , Wei Yuhan , Xiong Yunlingzi , Zhang Mangong , Shao Yichuan , Liao Juan
Published: November 2023

As a novel lightweight composite structure with notable mechanical resistance and thermal insulation characteristics in high‐temperature environments, the sandwich cylindrical shell with entangled metallic wire mesh (SCS‐EMWM) has been growing interest in industrial applications. This study focuses on investigating the thermo‐mechanical behavior of the SCS‐EMWM in high‐temperature environments. The static mechanical properties of entangled metal wire mesh (EMWM) are first characterized, and the macroscopic mechanical properties are identified using the Ogden–Mullins model. Subsequently, the deformation modes at different densities and temperatures are analyzed through theoretical and finite element methods. The radial compression test of SCS‐EMWM is performed to characterize its energy dissipation (ΔW), loss factor (η), and secant stiffness (K). The quasi‐static loading‐unloading results of the EMWM reveal a positive correlation between temperature, density, and the mechanical behavior. In addition, as the density and temperature increase, the peak load of SCS‐EMWM continuously increases from 20 to 200 N. Under high‐temperature conditions, the radial compression test of SCS‐EMWM reveals a significant concurrence between experimental and simulation results regarding load variations. Furthermore, in comparison to EMWM, the loss factor of SCS‐EMWM exhibits an approximate increase of 0.1 and shows a positive correlation with temperature, while it decreases with increasing density.
A Manufacturability‐Driven Method for Designing Metamaterial Focusing Acoustical Lenses
Authors: Qin Feng , Zhang Jie , Drinkwater Bruce W.
Published: November 2023

Herein, a method for designing and fabricating acoustic metamaterial focusing lenses for imaging applications such as nondestructive testing is proposed. First, a refractive index distribution is designed using the time delay method for a target focal length. Second, unit cell structures that can achieve the required refractive indices are found using the effective property retrieval method. At this point, factors such as fabrication cost and manufacturing limitations are considered. Finally, the pressure field from the designed lens is calculated using finite element (FE) modelling and iterated until the required focusing performance is achieved. To increase manufacturability, the unit cells necessarily become larger than required for the homogeneous regime. As an example, a lens of focal length 200 ± 10 mm at a frequency of 40 kHz is designed using cross‐shaped unit cells and fabricated using three‐dimensional printing. The design methodology leads to 2.4 mm (wavelength/3.6) unit cells which operate near the cut‐off frequency of the first mode. The lens is experimentally tested, achieving a focal length of 208 mm and a focal width of 12 mm (1.4 × wavelength), and showing good agreement with an FE model. The focusing ability of the lens is demonstrated by measuring the size of various holes in thin plates.
Directional Modification‐Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework Solid‐State Electrolytes for Highly Stable Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Miao Cheng‐Lin , Wang Xiao‐Xue , Guan De‐Hui , Li Jia‐Xin , Wang Huan‐Feng , Xu Ji‐Jing
Published: November 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with accurately directional and well‐ordered channels are considered ideal solid‐state Li‐ion conductors and are expected to be utilized in solid‐state lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries to achieve rechargeable batteries with high energy density. However, the instability of MOFs toward air and lithium metal has become a crucial problem to overcome. Herein, a breakthrough is first realized in overcoming these challenges by utilizing cationic MOF (CMOF) as an advanced Li‐ion conductor. Benefiting from the positively charged sites in the CMOF, an outstanding Li+ conductivity of 6.45 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature, a low activation energy of 0.15 eV, and a high transference number of 0.59 are achieved. In particular, the CMOF shows high flame retardancy, H2O, and O2− stability, which are key factors that affect the battery performance of Li–O2 batteries. Such extraordinary Li+ transport makes the assembled solid‐state Li–O2 battery cycle up to 790 h with a low overpotential of 1.09 V. The proposed novel directional modification strategy is of great significance to developing high‐performance SSEs for solid‐state Li–O2 batteries and other lithium batteries.
Hierarchical Metal‐Organic Network‐Forming Glasses toward Applications
Authors: Wei Yong‐Sheng , Ashling Christopher W. , Watcharatpong Teerat , Fan Zeyu , Horike Satoshi
Published: November 2023

Glassy states of network‐forming coordination polymers (CPs) and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a novel category of amorphous materials. Recent years have seen substantial progress in expanding the compound library and advancing the structural design of CP/MOF glasses. This review examines the current status and future potential of multi‐scale hierarchical CP/MOF glass materials, covering synthesis, shape adaptability, and synergistic materials. Extensive experimental and theoretical investigations of structure‐property relationships have shed light on their diverse utility, spanning areas such as permanent porosity and gas permeability, ionic and electronic conductivity, optics, catalysis, and battery technology. Additionally, the inherent properties of these glasses, coupled with their phase transformation capability, enable a range of morphological architectures. Current challenges are also addressed and offer insights into future research, with the goal of bringing CP/MOF glasses to the industry.
Exploring and Analyzing the Systemic Delivery Barriers for Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Lin , Quine Skyler , Frickenstein Alex N. , Lee Michael , Yang Wen , Sheth Vinit M. , Bourlon Margaret D. , He Yuxin , Lyu Shanxin , Garcia‐Contreras Lucila , Zhao Yan D. , Wilhelm Stefan
Published: November 2023

Most nanomedicines require efficient in vivo delivery to elicit meaningful diagnostic and therapeutic effects. However, en route to their intended tissues, systemically administered nanoparticles often encounter delivery barriers. To describe these barriers, the term “nanoparticle blood removal pathways” (NBRP) is proposed, which summarizes the interactions between nanoparticles and the body's various cell‐dependent and cell‐independent blood clearance mechanisms. Nanoparticle design and biological modulation strategies are reviewed to mitigate nanoparticle‐NBRP interactions. As these interactions affect nanoparticle delivery, the preclinical literature from 2011–2021 is studied, and the nanoparticle blood circulation and organ biodistribution data are analyzed. The findings reveal that nanoparticle surface chemistry affects the in vivo behavior more than other nanoparticle design parameters. Combinatory biological‐PEG surface modification improves the blood area under the curve by ≈418%, with a decrease in liver accumulation of up to 47%. A greater understanding of nanoparticle‐NBRP interactions and associated delivery trends will provide new nanoparticle design and biological modulation strategies for safer, more effective, and more efficient nanomedicines.
Diamond‐Based Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Cyclic Stability Through Dual‐Phase MnO2‐Graphitic Transformation Induced by High‐Dose Mn‐Ion Implantation
Authors: Deshmukh Sujit , Kunuku Srinivasu , Jakobczyk Pawel , Olejnik Adrian , Chen Chien‐Hsu , Niu Huan , Yang Bing , Yang Nianjun , Bogdanowicz Robert
Published: November 2023

While occasionally being able to charge and discharge more quickly than batteries, carbon‐based electrochemical supercapacitors (SCs) are nevertheless limited by their simplicity of processing, adjustable porosity, and lack of electrocatalytic active sites for a range of redox reactions. Even SCs based on the most stable form of carbon (sp3 carbon/diamond) have a poor energy density and inadequate capacitance retention during long charge/discharge cycles, limiting their practical applications. To construct a SC with improved cycling stability/energy density Mn‐ion implanted (high‐dose; 1015–1017 ions cm−2) boron doped diamond (Mn‐BDD) films have been prepared. Mn ion implantation and post‐annealing process results in an in situ graphitization (sp2 phase) and growth of MnO2 phase with roundish granular grains on the BDD film, which is favorable for ion transport. The dual advantage of both sp2
(graphitic phase) and sp3 (diamond phase) carbons with an additional pseudocapacitor (MnO2) component provides a unique and critical function in achieving high‐energy SC performance. The capacitance of Mn‐BDD electrode in a redox active aqueous electrolyte (0.05 M Fe(CN)63‐/4− + 1 M Na2SO4) is as high as 51 mF cm−2 at 10 mV s−1 with exceptional cyclic stability (≈100% capacitance even after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles) placing it among the best‐performing SCs. Furthermore, the ultrahigh capacitance retention (≈80% retention after 88 000 charge/discharge cycles) in a gel electrolyte containing a two‐electrode configuration shows a promising prospect for high‐rate electrochemical capacitive energy storage applications.
A Magnetoelastic Twist on Magnetic Noise: The Connection with Intrinsic Nonlinearities
Authors: Spetzler Elizaveta , Spetzler Benjamin , McCord Jeffrey
Published: November 2023

Intrinsic magnetic noise limits the functionality of all magnetic field sensors and related devices using magnetic films as sensing elements. A novel origin of magnetic noise due to ferromagnetic material's magnetostriction is revealed by implementing a comprehensive multi‐level signal‐noise model and thoroughly validating it experimentally on magnetoelectric composite ΔE‐effect sensors. From electrical measurements and operando magnetic domain visualization, magnetic contributions are shown to dominate the noise floor and limit the overall performance of multi‐domain magnetoelastic sensors. The newly introduced noise contribution is correlated with the nonlinearity of the magnetostrictive properties. The effect on sensor output is particularly pronounced in magnetoelastic and magnetoelectric composite devices, but the results generally apply to all sensor devices incorporating magnetic materials. Therefore, the identified magnetic noise source makes a significant contribution to understanding the limitations of magnetic sensors and provides important guidelines for optimizing future magnetic sensors for low detectivity.
Accelerating Macroscale Superlubricity through Carbon Quantum Dots on Engineering Steel Surfaces
Authors: Du Changhe , Yang Tao , Yu Tongtong , Zhang Liqiang , Sui Xudong , Feng Yange , Wang Xiaobo , Wang Daoai
Published: November 2023

Macroscale superlubricity on engineering steel surfaces offers a promising solution for minimizing friction and wear in engineering applications. However, achieving superlubricity typically requires a long running‐in period, which may result in significant wear for the friction pair. Herein, a new lubricant with superlubricating properties is rationally designed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and critic acid (CA) under complexing effect with a running‐in period of about 800 s. Importantly, the introduction of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) obtained from the pyrolysis of CA into PEG aqueous solution shortens the running‐in period for achieving macroscale superlubricity (µ ≈ 0.005) between steel/steel contact to 44 s. The corresponding wear rate (1.15 × 10−7 mm3 N−1 m−1) on the steel disk is reduced by 77% due to the shorter running‐in time. Furthermore, the surface analysis combined with the molecular dynamics simulations demonstrates that CQDs easily adsorb on the surface of the friction pair, forming a carbon film that reduces interaction energy between the lubricant molecules and the substrate. This work provides new insights into the lubrication mechanism of CQDs and contributes to the design of liquid superlubricants with short running‐in periods and low wear rates on engineering steel surfaces.
Chaotropic Salt‐Aided “Water‐In‐Organic” Electrolyte for Highly Reversible Zinc‐Ion Batteries Across a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Wang Ziqing , Diao Jiefeng , Burrow James N. , Brotherton Zachary W. , Lynd Nathaniel A. , Henkelman Graeme , Mullins Charles Buddie
Published: November 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries are promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries due to their cost‐effectiveness and improved safety. However, several challenges, including corrosion, dendrites, and water decomposition at the Zn anode, hinder their performance. Herein, an approach is proposed, that deviates from the conventional design by adding water into a propylene carbonate‐based organic electrolyte to prepare a non‐flammable “water‐in‐organic” electrolyte. The chaotropic salt Zn(ClO4)2 exploits the Hofmeister effect to promote the miscibility of immiscible liquid phases. Interactions between propylene carbonate and water restrict water activity and mitigate unfavorable reactions. This electrolyte facilitates preferential Zn (002) deposition and the formation of solid electrolyte interphase. Consequently, the “water‐in‐organic” electrolyte achieves a 99.5% Coulombic efficiency at 1 mA cm−2 over 1000 cycles in Zn/Cu cells, and constant cycling over 1000 h in Zn/Zn symmetric cells. A Na0.33V2O5/Zn battery exhibits impressive cycling stability with a capacity of 175 mAh g−1 for 800 cycles at 2 A g−1. Additionally, this electrolyte enables sustainable cycling across a wide temperature range from −20 to 50 °C. The design of a “water‐in‐organic” electrolyte employing a chaotropic salt presents a potential strategy for high‐performance electrolytes in zinc‐ion batteries with a large stability window and a wide temperature range.
Great Enhancement in the Seebeck Coefficient of PEDOT:PSS by Polaron Level Splitting via π–π Overlapping with Nonpolar Small Aromatic Molecules
Authors: Li Chang'an , Shan Chengwei , Luo Dou , Gu Xiaoyu , Le Qiujian , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Dong Zhen , Sun Kuan , Ouyang Jianyong
Published: November 2023

Organic thermoelectric (TE) materials are regarded as the next‐generation TE materials because of their merits including low cost, high mechanical flexibility, and low intrinsic thermal conductivity. However, their Seebeck coefficient is usually quite low. Herein, a new strategy is demonstrated to greatly enhance the Seebeck coefficient of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxy‐thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), which is the most popular TE polymer, through polaron level splitting via π–π overlapping with nonpolar small aromatic molecules including anthracene, naphthalene, and pyrene. Although these aromatic molecules are neither oxidizing nor reducing agent, they can greatly enhance the Seebeck coefficient of PEDOT:PSS films pre‐treated with dimethyl sulfoxide, acid, or acid then base, while they do not lower the electrical conductivity too much. Through such a treatment with anthracene, the Seebeck coefficient can be up to 45.5 µV K−1, and the ZT value can be up to 0.27. The enhancement is ascribed to the splitting of the lower polaron energy level of PEDOT, which is induced by the π–π overlapping between the aromatic compounds and conjugated PEDOT. This can shift up the Fermi level, thereby enhancing the Seebeck coefficient.
Sampling the Materials Space for Conventional Superconducting Compounds
Authors: Cerqueira Tiago F. T. , Sanna Antonio , Marques Miguel A. L.
Published: November 2023

A large scale study of conventional superconducting materials using a machine‐learning accelerated high‐throughput workflow is performed, starting by creating a comprehensive dataset of around 7000 electron–phonon calculations performed with reasonable convergence parameters. This dataset is then used to train a robust machine learning model capable of predicting the electron–phonon and superconducting properties based on structural, compositional, and electronic ground‐state properties. Using this machine, the transition temperatures (Tc) of approximately 200 000 metallic compounds are evaluated, all of which are on the convex hull of thermodynamic stability (or close to it) to maximize the probability of synthesizability. Compounds predicted to have Tc values exceeding 5 K are further validated using density‐functional perturbation theory. As a result, 541 compounds with Tc values surpassing 10 K, encompassing a variety of crystal structures and chemical compositions, are identified. This work is complemented with a detailed examination of several interesting materials, including nitrides, hydrides, and intermetallic compounds. Particularly noteworthy is LiMoN2, which is predicted to be superconducting in the stoichiometric trigonal phase, with a Tc exceeding 38 K. LiMoN2 has previously been synthesized in this phase, further heightening its potential for practical applications.
Engineering Kirigami Frameworks Toward Real‐World Applications
Authors: Jin Lishuai , Yang Shu
Published: November 2023

The surge in advanced manufacturing techniques has led to a paradigm shift in the realm of material design from developing completely new chemistry to tailoring geometry within existing materials. Kirigami, evolved from a traditional cultural and artistic craft of cutting and folding, has emerged as a powerful framework that endows simple 2D sheets with unique mechanical, thermal, optical, and acoustic properties, as well as shape‐shifting capabilities. Given its flexibility, versatility, and ease of fabrication, there are significant efforts in developing kirigami algorithms to create various architectured materials for a wide range of applications. This review summarizes the fundamental mechanisms that govern the transformation of kirigami structures and elucidates how these mechanisms contribute to their distinctive properties, including high stretchability and adaptability, tunable surface topography, programmable shape morphing, and characteristics of bistability and multistability. It then highlights several promising applications enabled by the unique kirigami designs and concludes with an outlook on the future challenges and perspectives of kirigami‐inspired metamaterials toward real‐world applications.
NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Oxygen Delivery and Controlled Release Improves Photodynamic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Silue , Chen Jingqin , Gao Rongkang , Chen Rui , Xue Qiang , Ren Yaguang , Liu Liangjian , Tang Chuanyu , Hu Haoyu , Zeng Ning , Wen Sai , Zhang Hai , Liu Chengbo , Fang Chihua
Published: November 2023

Hypoxia, a prominent hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), undermines curative outcomes, elevates recurrence rates, and fosters metastasis, particularly during photodynamic therapy (PDT) in clinical settings. Studies indicate that alleviating tumor hypoxia enhances PDT efficacy. However, persistent challenges, including suboptimal oxygen delivery efficiency and absence of real‐time feedback on blood oxygen fluctuations during PDT, considerably impede therapeutic efficacy in tumor treatment. This study addresses these issues using near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) photoacoustic (PA) imaging for tumor‐targeted oxygen delivery and controlled release. For this purpose, a biomimetic oxygen delivery system designated BLICP@O2 is developed, which utilizes hybrid tumor cell membranes and thermosensitive liposomes as oxygen carriers, incorporating the NIR‐II dye IR1048, photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), and perfluorohexane. Upon sequential irradiation at 1064 and 690 nm, BLICP@O2 exhibits significant photothermal and photodynamic effects. Photothermal heating triggers oxygen release, enhancing the photodynamic effect of Ce6. Blood oxygen changes during PDT are tracked by multispectral PA imaging. Enhanced PDT efficacy, mediated by hypoxia relief, is convincingly demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. This work presents an imaging‐guided, dual‐wavelength programmed cascaded treatment strategy for tumor‐targeted oxygen delivery and controlled release, with real‐time efficacy monitoring using PA imaging, offering valuable insights for overcoming challenges in PDT‐based cancer therapy.
Recycled Tandem Catalysts Promising Ultralow Overpotential Li‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Lu Bingyi , Min Zhiwen , Xiao Xiao , Wang Boran , Chen Biao , Lu Gongxun , Liu Yingqi , Mao Rui , Song Yanze , Zeng Xian‐Xiang , Sun Yuanmiao , Yang Jinlong , Zhou Guangmin
Published: November 2023

Lithium‐carbon dioxide (Li‐CO2) batteries are regarded as a prospective technology to relieve the pressure of greenhouse emissions but are confronted with sluggish CO2 redox kinetics and low energy efficiency. Developing highly efficient and low‐cost catalysts to boost bidirectional activities is craved but remains a huge challenge. Herein, derived from the spent lithium‐ion batteries, a tandem catalyst is subtly synthesized and significantly accelerates the CO2 reduction and evolution reactions (CO2RR and CO2ER) kinetics with an in‐built electric field (BEF). Combining with the theoretical calculations and advanced characterization techniques, this work reveals that the designed interface‐induced BEF regulates the adsorption/decomposition of the intermediates during CO2RR and CO2ER, endowing the recycled tandem catalyst with excellent bidirectional activities. As a result, the spent electronics‐derived tandem catalyst exhibits remarkable bidirectional catalytic performance, such as an ultralow voltage gap of 0.26 V and an ultrahigh energy efficiency of 92.4%. Profoundly, this work affords new opportunities to fabricate low‐cost electrocatalysts from recycled spent electronics and inspires fresh perceptions of interfacial regulation including but not limited to BEF to engineer better Li‐CO2 batteries.
Fluorescent Switchable Surfaces Based on Quantum Dots Modified With Redox‐Active Molecules
Authors: Campos‐Lendinez Ángel , Muñoz Jose , Crivillers Núria , Mas‐Torrent Marta
Published: November 2023

By combining the switching ability of redox molecules with the unique fluorescence properties of quantum dots (QDs), a robust electrochemical fluorescence switch is developed here. This is realized by grafting CdSe/ZnS QDs on transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates and, subsequently, modifying them with a Ferrocene (Fc) molecular monolayer. The application of oxidation/reduction voltage pulses to tune the Fc redox state leads to the tuning of the surface fluorescence output. Interestingly, the ON/OF ratio can be enhanced by reducing the distance between the redox active unit and the QD due to a more efficient electronic coupling. Remarkably, by defining a mixed‐valence state, a ternary switch has also been achieved. It is highlighted that the QD surface immobilization is key to realize this switch to avoid aggregation and fluorescence quenching in suspension. Hence, an efficient and versatile novel route to fabricate robust fluorescent redox switches is demonstrated, opening a wide avenue of possibilities to be explored in the field of sensing and information storage.
Plasmonic Nano‐Rotamers with Programmable Polarization‐Resolved Coloration
Authors: Kim Juhwan , Han Jang‐Hwan , Kim Hyun Min , Lee Tung‐Chun , Jeong Hyeon‐Ho
Published: November 2023

3D‐shaped artificial Mg nano‐rotamers with a programmable dihedral angle between two plasmonic arms, designed to exhibit both programmable linear and circular polarization properties, are presented. The nanoscale physical shadow growth technique offers precise control over the angular alignment in these nanostructures with 1° angular precision, thus controlling their symmetry from achiral C2v and C2h to chiral C2. As a result, they give rise to a wide range of polarization‐resolved coloration, spanning from invisible to visible colors with 46% transmission contrast for linear polarization while exhibiting 0.08 g‐factor in visible for circular polarization. These nano‐rotamers hold great potential for various applications in adaptive photonic filters, memory, and anticounterfeiting devices, benefiting from their tunable plasmonic properties.
Synthetic Cells Revisited: Artificial Cell Construction Using Polymeric Building Blocks
Authors: Maffeis Viviana , Heuberger Lukas , Nikoletić Anamarija , Schoenenberger Cora‐Ann , Palivan Cornelia G.
Published: November 2023

The exponential growth of research on artificial cells and organelles underscores their potential as tools to advance the understanding of fundamental biological processes. The bottom–up construction from a variety of building blocks at the micro‐ and nanoscale, in combination with biomolecules is key to developing artificial cells. In this review, artificial cells are focused upon based on compartments where polymers are the main constituent of the assembly. Polymers are of particular interest due to their incredible chemical variety and the advantage of tuning the properties and functionality of their assemblies. First, the architectures of micro‐ and nanoscale polymer assemblies are introduced and then their usage as building blocks is elaborated upon. Different membrane‐bound and membrane‐less compartments and supramolecular structures and how they combine into advanced synthetic cells are presented. Then, the functional aspects are explored, addressing how artificial organelles in giant compartments mimic cellular processes. Finally, how artificial cells communicate with their surrounding and each other such as to adapt to an ever‐changing environment and achieve collective behavior as a steppingstone toward artificial tissues, is taken a look at. Engineering artificial cells with highly controllable and programmable features open new avenues for the development of sophisticated multifunctional systems.
Visualization of Confined Electrons at Grain Boundaries in a Monolayer Charge‐Density‐Wave Metal
Authors: Chen Yaoyao , Zhang Yu , Wang Wei , Song Xuan , Jia Liang‐Guang , Zhang Can , Zhou Lili , Han Xu , Yang Hui‐Xia , Liu Li‐Wei , Si Chen , Gao Hong‐Jun , Wang Ye‐Liang
Published: November 2023

1D grain boundaries in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are ideal for investigating the collective electron behavior in confined systems. However, clear identification of atomic structures at the grain boundaries, as well as precise characterization of the electronic ground states, have largely been elusive. Here, direct evidence for the confined electronic states and the charge density modulations at mirror twin boundaries (MTBs) of monolayer NbSe2, a representative charge‐density‐wave (CDW) metal, is provided. The scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements, accompanied by the first‐principles calculations, reveal that there are two types of MTBs in monolayer NbSe2, both of which exhibit band bending effect and 1D boundary states. Moreover, the intrinsic CDW signatures of monolayer NbSe2 are dramatically suppressed as approaching an isolated MTB but can be either enhanced or suppressed in the MTB‐constituted confined wedges. Such a phenomenon can be well explained by the MTB‐CDW interference interactions. The results reveal the underlying physics of the confined electrons at MTBs of CDW metals, paving the way for the grain boundary engineering of the functionality.
Hollow Spherical Heterostructured FeCo‐P Catalysts Derived from MOF‐74 for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Jiang Hualin , Zhao Zhe , Li Gang , Wang Mengxue , Chen Pinghua , Liu Xiaotian , Tu Xinman , Hu Yitian , Shen Zhen , Wu Yirou
Published: November 2023

The design of catalysts with tunable active sites in heterogeneous interface structures is crucial for addressing challenges in the water‐splitting process. Herein, a hollow spherical heterostructure FeCo‐P is successfully prepared by hydrothermal and phosphorization methods. This hollow structure, along with the heterogeneous interface between Co2P and FeP, not only facilitates the exposure of more active sites, but also increases the contact area between the catalyst and the electrolyte, as well as shortens the distance for mass/electron transfer. This enhancement promotes electron transfer to facilitate water decomposition. FeCo‐P exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER) performance when reaching @ 10 mA cm−2 in 1 mol L−1 KOH, with overpotentials of 131/240 mV for HER/OER. Furthermore, when FeCo‐P is used as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting (OWS), it only requires low voltages of 1.49, 1.55, and 1.57 V to achieve CDs of 10, 100, and 300 mA cm−2, respectively. Density functional theory calculations indicate that constructing a Co2P and FeP heterogeneous interface with good lattice matching can facilitate electron redistribution, thereby enhancing the electrocatalytic performance of OWS. This work opens up new possibilities for the rational design of efficient water electrolysis catalysts derived from MOFs.
Gelatin methacryloyl granular scaffolds for localized mRNA delivery
Authors: Carvalho Bruna Gregatti , Nakayama Aya , Miwa Hiromi , Han Sang Won , de la Torre Lucimara Gaziola , Di Carlo Dino , Lee Junmin , Kim Han‐Jun , Khademhosseini Ali , de Barros Natan Roberto
Published: November 2023

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapy is the intracellular delivery of mRNA to produce desired therapeutic proteins. Developing strategies for local mRNA delivery is still required where direct intra‐articular injections are inappropriate for targeting a specific tissue. The mRNA delivery efficiency depends on protecting nucleic acids against nuclease‐mediated degradation and safe site‐specific intracellular delivery. Herein, novel mRNA‐releasing matrices based on RGD‐moiety‐rich gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds are reported. GelMA concentration in aerogel‐based microgels (µgels) produced through a microfluidic process, MAP stiffnesses, and microporosity are crucial parameters for cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. After being loaded with mRNA complexes, MAP scaffolds composed of 10% GelMA µgels display excellent cell viability with increasing cell infiltration, adhesion, proliferation, and gene transfer. The intracellular delivery is achieved by the sustained release of mRNA complexes from MAP scaffolds and cell adhesion on mRNA‐releasing scaffolds. These findings highlight that hybrid systems can achieve efficient protein expression by delivering mRNA complexes, making them promising mRNA‐releasing biomaterials for tissue engineering.
Synergistic promotions of K doping on CO2 capture and in situ conversion
Authors: Xie Zhicheng , Shao Bin , Sun Zheyi , Shi Yaqi , Gao Zihao , Li Su , Li Jingkun , Li Yi , Liu Honglai , Hu Jun
Published: November 2023

The integrated CO2 capture and conversion (iCCC) technology has been recognized as a promising strategy for upcycling the emitted CO2 into artificial carbon sequestration but still demands highly efficient dual functional materials (DFMs). We develop an efficient iCCC process of the integrated lithium‐looping (LiL) and reverse water gas shift reaction through deeply understanding K doping in the novel Kx‐Li4SiO4@Niy DFMs. The appropriate K doping enables the fast diffusion of CO2 and H2 into the bulk DFMs through forming LiKCO3 surface eutectic layer as well as strongly interacts with catalyst Ni to generate new medium basic sites for synergistic promotions of CO2 capture and in situ conversion. More importantly, after the pelletization, the LP‐K0.2‐Li4SiO4@Ni10 DFM (20–40 mesh) avoids the agglomeration and achieves an excellent and stable iCCC cycle performance, with CO2 capture capacity of 3.8 mmol/g, CO2 conversion efficiency of 90%, and CO selectivity close to 100% at 550°C in one fixed‐bed column.
Sex‐specific genetic architecture of late‐life memory performance
Authors: Eissman Jaclyn M. , Archer Derek B. , Mukherjee Shubhabrata , Lee Michael L. , Choi Seo‐Eun , Scollard Phoebe , Trittschuh Emily H. , Mez Jesse B. , Bush William S. , Kunkle Brian W. , Naj Adam C. , Gifford Katherine A. ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) | Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) | The Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), Cuccaro Michael L. , Cruchaga Carlos , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Wang Li‐San , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Mayeux Richard P. , Haines Jonathan L. , Jefferson Angela L. , Kukull Walter A. , Keene C. Dirk , Saykin Andrew J. , Thompson Paul M. , Martin Eden R. , Bennett David A. , Barnes Lisa L. , Schneider Julie A. , Crane Paul K. , Hohman Timothy J. , Dumitrescu Logan
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Women demonstrate a memory advantage when cognitively healthy yet lose this advantage to men in Alzheimer's disease. However, the genetic underpinnings of this sex difference in memory performance remain unclear.

METHODS

We conducted the largest sex‐aware genetic study on late‐life memory to date (Nmales = 11,942; Nfemales = 15,641). Leveraging harmonized memory composite scores from four cohorts of cognitive aging and AD, we performed sex‐stratified and sex‐interaction genome‐wide association studies in 24,216 non‐Hispanic White and 3367 non‐Hispanic Black participants.

RESULTS

We identified three sex‐specific loci (rs67099044—CBLN2, rs719070—SCHIP1/IQCJ‐SCHIP), including an X‐chromosome locus (rs5935633—EGL6/TCEANC/OFD1), that associated with memory. Additionally, we identified heparan sulfate signaling as a sex‐specific pathway and found sex‐specific genetic correlations between memory and cardiovascular, immune, and education traits.

DISCUSSION

This study showed memory is highly and comparably heritable across sexes, as well as highlighted novel sex‐specific genes, pathways, and genetic correlations that related to late‐life memory.

Highlights

Demonstrated the heritable component of late‐life memory is similar across sexes.

Identified two genetic loci with a sex‐interaction with baseline memory.

Identified an X‐chromosome locus associated with memory decline in females.

Highlighted sex‐specific candidate genes and pathways associated with memory.

Revealed sex‐specific shared genetic architecture between memory and complex traits.
Longitudinal change in memory performance as a strong endophenotype for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Archer Derek B. , Eissman Jaclyn M. , Mukherjee Shubhabrata , Lee Michael L. , Choi Seo‐Eun , Scollard Phoebe , Trittschuh Emily H. , Mez Jesse B. , Bush William S. , Kunkle Brian W. , Naj Adam C. , Gifford Katherine A. ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI),   Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC),   The Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), Cuccaro Michael L. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Wang Li‐San , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Mayeux Richard P. , Haines Jonathan L. , Jefferson Angela L. , Kukull Walter A. , Keene C. Dirk , Saykin Andrew J. , Thompson Paul M. , Martin Eden R. , Bennett David A. , Barnes Lisa L. , Schneider Julie A. , Crane Paul K. , Dumitrescu Logan , Hohman Timothy J.
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

Although large‐scale genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted on AD, few have been conducted on continuous measures of memory performance and memory decline.

METHODS

We conducted a cross‐ancestry GWAS on memory performance (in 27,633 participants) and memory decline (in 22,365 participants; 129,201 observations) by leveraging harmonized cognitive data from four aging cohorts.

RESULTS

We found high heritability for two ancestry backgrounds. Further, we found a novel ancestry locus for memory decline on chromosome 4 (rs6848524) and three loci in the non‐Hispanic Black ancestry group for memory performance on chromosomes 2 (rs111471504), 7 (rs4142249), and 15 (rs74381744). In our gene‐level analysis, we found novel genes for memory decline on chromosomes 1 (SLC25A44), 11 (BSX), and 15 (DPP8). Memory performance and memory decline shared genetic architecture with AD‐related traits, neuropsychiatric traits, and autoimmune traits.

DISCUSSION

We discovered several novel loci, genes, and genetic correlations associated with late‐life memory performance and decline.

Highlights

Late‐life memory has high heritability that is similar across ancestries.

We discovered four novel variants associated with late‐life memory.

We identified four novel genes associated with late‐life memory.

Late‐life memory shares genetic architecture with psychiatric/autoimmune traits.