bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro-refractive optical elements fabricated by multi-exposure lithography for laser speckle reduction
Authors: Tong Zhaomin , Niu Feng , Jian Zequn , Sun Changyuan , Ma Yifei , Wang Mei , Jia Suotang , Chen Xuyuan
Published: October 2020

Laser speckle reduction with a macro refractive optical element (mROE) is restricted by the limited entrance facet size of light pipe. Here, we have fabricated a micro-ROE (μROE) that incorporates three-dimensional micro-optical structures. The μROE with 2 × 2 duplicated multi-level cells is made of SU-8 photoresist with the help of multi-exposure lithography process. When the μROE works together with the mROE, objective speckle contrast is reduced to 0.2, where the light source is a low-coherence multimode laser diode. In principle, more speckle reduction can be obtained by fabricating μROEs with more cells and larger height differences among the cells.
Testing a Paul trap through determining the evaporation rate of levitated single semi-volatile organic droplets
Authors: Valenzuela A. , Rica R. A. , Olmo-Reyes F. J. , Alados-Arboledas L.
Published: October 2020

Rigorous knowledge of the optical fingerprint of droplets is imperative for the understanding of complex aerosol processes. Here, a Paul trap is operated to store single semi-volatile organic droplets in air. The droplets are illuminated with a green laser and the elastic scattering is collected on a CMOS camera. The setup provides excellent performance in terms of confinement and stability, allowing us to detect size changes of the order of few nanometres. The stability also allows us to measure vapour pressures with remarkable reproducibility. This approach supplies a robust method for the optical interrogation in the sub-micron range.
Hybrid wideband multipath self-interference cancellation with an LMS pre-adaptive filter for in-band full-duplex OFDM signal transmission
Authors: Zheng Lizhuo , Liu Zhiyang , Xiao Shilin , Fok Mable P. , Zhang Zhiyi , Hu Weisheng
Published: October 2020

A wideband multipath self-interference cancellation (SIC) system employing both dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator-based analog SIC and least mean square (LMS) algorithm-based pre-adaptive filter digital SIC is proposed and demonstrated for the cancellation of multipath self-interference (SI) and facilitation of in-band full-duplex (IBFD) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal transmission. The multipath effect is an unavoidable challenge in SIC due to the dynamic and unpredictable properties in each path, as well as the need for separate matching components for compensating for each path. In this Letter, an LMS algorithm-based adaptive filter is used as a pre-equalizer to adapt and generate the matching signal to the closest approximate of the multipath SI signal. The adaptation is based on the minimization of the error signal generated from the matching signal and multipath SI signal in the LMS algorithm. With the introduction of the LMS adaptive filter to the analog SIC, an additional 9 dB cancellation improvement is obtained, resulting in a total of 32 dB cancellation depth over a cancellation bandwidth of 2.7 GHz at a center frequency of 1.65 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, the achieved performance is by far the widest cancellation bandwidth in a multipath SIC system, which is essential in a large bandwidth and high data rate transmission system. With the help of the proposed LMS adaptive filter digital SIC assisted analog SIC located at the remote node, power-efficient IBFD transmission of an OFDM signal through a 25 km fiber is experimentally demonstrated with a 6 dB bit error rate and 8% error vector magnitude improvements.
Broadly and finely tunable hybrid silicon laser with nanosecond-scale switching speed
Authors: Stern Brian , Kim Kwangwoong , Calò Cosimo , Fortin Catherine , Lanteri Delphine , Mekhazni Karim , Provost Jean-Guy , Wilk Arnaud , Mallécot Franck , Pommereau Frédéric , Melikyan Argishti , Dong Po
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate a hybrid silicon tunable laser with wide tunability and rapid switching speed for applications in sensing and optical networks. By implementing an optimized carrier injection phase shifter design, the filters of the silicon laser cavity may be efficiently controlled, enabling both fine and broad wavelength tuning across a 56 nm range, in addition to a rapid 10 ns switching time. The laser emits up to 10 dBm output power, and the linewidth is near 200 kHz. The fast wavelength switching demonstrated here may be employed in data center and access networks, while the potential for rapid wavelength sweeping is attractive for optical sensing and imaging applications.
Photonic generation of multiband and multi-format microwave signals based on a single modulator
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Guangyi , Hao Tengfei , Zhu Sha , Li Ming , Zhu Ninghua , Li Wei
Published: October 2020

We report a photonic scheme to generate multiband and multi-format microwave signals based on a commercial dual-polarization Mach–Zehnder modulator (DP-MZM). The key novelty of this work is the compact signal generator benefitting from the single modulator and the flexible multi-format signals at the multiband. The upper Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) of the DP-MZM is used to generate an optical frequency comb, while the lower MZM is driven by baseband electrical coding or single-chirp signal to obtain the multi-format modulated optical signal. The proposed scheme is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. A multiband phase-coded microwave signal with a bit rate of 2 Gb/s and complementary linearly chirped microwave waveform pairs with a time duration of 1 µs and a bandwidth of 2 GHz have been successfully generated. The performance of pulse compression of generated signals is also demonstrated.
Change in Irradiance PDF of Gaussian Beam with Increasing Aperture Size and Its Effect on Direct Detection FSOC Metrics
Authors: Beason Melissa , Gladysz Szymon
Published: October 2020

Large apertures are used in FSOC systems to increase signal and reduce scintillation. Based on simulations of a realistic FSOC system using a Gaussian beam we found significant changes in the empirical PDF with increasing aperture size. We compare the fit of PDFs to data and the effect of PDF choice on  and fade probability of a direct detection FSOC system.
Golden hour for perovskite photonics
Authors: Zhang Qing , Diederichs Carole , Xiong Qihua
Published: October 2020

Halide perovskite semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for the next-generation low-energy consumption, high-flexibility photonics and optoelectronic devices thanks to their superior optical and excitonic properties as well as fabrication convenience. This special issue, including three review papers and six original research papers, focuses on the studies of both fundamentals and applications of perovskite photonics, covering materials, excitonic properties, nonlinear optics, strong light–matter interactions, and optoelectronic devices.
The Developmental Patterns of Injera Baking Stoves: Review on the Efficiency, and Energy Consumption in Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Mulugeta
Published: October 2020

Injera will continue to be the staple food for Ethiopians and Eritreans and some parts in east Africa in years to come. In order to efficiently bake Injera using various types of stoves, research and development work for Injera baking have been conducted so far and is critical. The use of energy sources is dominantly biomass is used for Injera baking followed by electricity yet. Electricity is mainly used in urban dwellers of the country which is limited one. Alternative energy sources such as solar thermal and biogas can be used for baking Injera alternatively. There are different types of Injera baking stoves design in Ethiopia using biomass energy such as open fire three stone stove, Mirt stove (includes improved one with high chimney, stand types), Burayou Injera baking stove Sodo, Awuramba, Tehesh indicating developmental patterns of stove based on the aim to reduce specific fuel consumption as well as efficiency by reducing energy losses during baking. Thus, it is determined that the average specific fuel consumption of three stone open fire was 929 g/kg of Injera, Mirt stove is 535g/kg of Injera, Gonziye is 617 g/kg of Injera, Awuramba is 573 g/kg of Injera while Sodo is 900 g/kg of Injera. The other Injera baking stoves were developed for baking Injera using solar thermal energy and biogas sources are designed to attain the average required surface temperature of Injera baking pan or Mitad. It is found that the average surface temperature of the concentric type solar thermal Injera baking stove is 148 oC, parabolic type solar Injera baking stove is 200 oC, electric stove is 225 oC using 3.75 KW electricity, WASS electrical is 220 oC consuming 1.4 KW electricity and biogas 210 oC. Further investigation needed to continue the developmental patterns of Injera baking system by improving the efficiency of the stove by reducing energy losses there has needed that the baking pan or Mitad to be improved.
Ex Ovo Omnia
Authors:   Rochester Institute of Technology/ National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Pagano Todd
Published: October 2020

One of history’s most diverse thinkers metaphorically depicted humanity’s dangerous reliance on nonrenewable energy resources as an unborn chick in an egg. American philosopher, poet, scientist, and mathematician, Buckminster Fuller, described the nutrients in an egg as the temporary and extinguishable support required for the development of an unhatched chick. Once the nutrients are depleted, the chick must break from its shell and cultivate its own mechanism for survival. Symbolically, he explained that the human population must view the use of earth’s finite resources as the nutriment in an egg that can be provisionally relied upon in order to provide the necessary time and energy required for mankind to establish alternative energy sources for a sustainable future. I use Bucky’s metaphor to describe my own teaching philosophy; the role of the educator as that of a facilitator, or provider of the “egg”. Using this mindset and a variety of learning modalities in my classroom, I am hopeful that at the end of the educational process, my students emerge from their “shells” with the necessary skills to be renewable sources of learning unto themselves.
Science Instruction for Secondary Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders: A Guide for Curriculum Development
Authors:   California State University, Chico, Slemrod Tal , Wood Leah ,   California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Hart Shelley ,   California State University, Chico, Coleman William ,   Renton School District
Published: October 2020

This article provides a step-by-step guide for the organization and development of science lessons and units, to support the academic and behavioral performance of secondary students with challenges with related disabilities. This clinical practice guide provides a process for curriculum development for students with emotional or behavior disorders (EBD) in the science classroom. Steps include recommendations, goals, and examples for administrators and educators to discover appropriate plans and interventions to promote engagement and learning, including supporting success on State mandated High Stakes Assessments.
AstroDance: Engaging Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students in Astrophysics via Multimedia Performances
Authors:   Rochester Institute of Technology, Nordhaus Jason , Campanelli Manuela ,   Rochester Institute of Technology, Bochner Joe ,   Rochester Institute of Technology, Warfield Thomas ,   Rochester Institute of Technology, Bischof Hans-Peter ,   Rochester Institute of Technology, Noel-Storr Jake ,   University of Groningen
Published: October 2020

The dynamics of gravitating astrophysical systems such as black holes and neutron stars are fascinatingly complex, offer some of nature's most spectacular phenomena, and capture the public's imagination in ways that few subjects can. Here, we describe AstroDance, a multi-media project to engage deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students in astronomy and gravitational physics. AstroDance incorporates multiple means of representation of scientific concepts and was performed primarily for secondary and post-secondary audiences at ~20 venues in the northeastern US prior to the historic first detection of gravitational waves. As part of the AstroDance project, we surveyed ~1000 audience members roughly split evenly between hearing and DHH audience members. While both groups reported statistically equivalent high-rates of enjoyment of the performance, the DHH group reported an increase in how much they learned about science at a statistically significant rate compared to the hearing audience. Our findings suggest that multi-sensory approaches benefit both hearing and DHH audiences and enable accessible participation for broader groups.
Visualization without Vision – How Blind and Visually Impaired Students and Researchers Engage with Molecular Structures
Authors:   University of California-Davis, J. Laconsay Croix , B. Wedler Henry ,   University of California-Davis, J. Tantillo Dean ,   University of California-Davis
Published: October 2020

This article examines the tools and techniques currently available that enable blind and visually impaired (BVI) individuals to visualize three-dimensional objects used in learning chemistry concepts. How BVI individuals engage with and visualize molecular structure is discussed and recent tactile (or haptic) and auditory methods for visualization of various chemistry concepts are summarized. Remaining challenges for chemistry education researchers are described with the aim of highlighting the potential value of educational research in further enabling BVI students to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.
The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond
Authors:   Educational Testing Service, J.G. White Jason
Published: October 2020

This paper serves two purposes. First, it offers an overview of the role of the Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) in representing mathematical notation on the Web, and its significance for accessibility. To orient the discussion, hypotheses are advanced regarding users’ needs in connection with the accessibility of mathematical notation. Second, current developments in the evolution of MathML are reviewed, noting their consequences for accessibility, and commenting on prospects for future improvement in the concrete experiences of users of assistive technologies. Recommendations are advanced for further research and development activities, emphasizing the cognitive aspects of user interface design.
TactViz: A VMD Plugin for Tactile Visualization of Protein Structures
Authors:   University of Delaware, R. Shaw Olivia , A. Hadden-Perilla Jodi ,   University of Delaware
Published: October 2020

Scientific disciplines spanning biology, biochemistry, and biophysics involve the study of proteins and their functions. Visualization of protein structures represents a barrier to education and research in these disciplines for students who are blind or visually impaired. Here, we present a software plugin for readily producing variable-height tactile graphics of proteins using the free biomolecular visualization software Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD) and protein structure data that is publicly available through the Protein Data Bank. Our method also supports interactive tactile visualization of proteins with VMD on electronic refreshable tactile display devices. Employing our method in an academic laboratory has enabled an undergraduate student who is blind to carry out research alongside her sighted peers. By making the study of protein structures accessible to students who are blind or visually impaired, we aim to promote diversity and inclusion in STEM education and research.
Powstawanie i dojrzewanie podstawowej wspólnoty kościelnej na przykładzie misji Masomeloka (w diecezji Toamasina na Madagaskarze)
Authors: ŻUKOWSKI WALDEMAR
Published: October 2020

Powstawanie i dojrzewanie podstawowej wspólnoty kościelnej na przykładzie misji Masomeloka (w diecezji Toamasina na Madagaskarze)
Slow Waves Promote Sleep-Dependent Plasticity and Functional Recovery after Stroke
Authors: Facchin Laura , Schöne Cornelia , Mensen Armand , Bandarabadi Mojtaba , Pilotto Federica , Saxena Smita , Libourel Paul Antoine , Bassetti Claudio L.A. , Adamantidis Antoine R.
Published: October 2020

Functional recovery after stroke is associated with a remapping of neural circuits. This reorganization is often associated with low-frequency, high-amplitude oscillations in the peri-infarct zone in both rodents and humans. These oscillations are reminiscent of sleep slow waves (SW) and suggestive of a role for sleep in brain plasticity that occur during stroke recovery; however, direct evidence is missing. Using a stroke model in male mice, we showed that stroke was followed by a transient increase in NREM sleep accompanied by reduced amplitude and slope of ipsilateral NREM sleep SW. We next used 5 ms optical activation of Channelrhodopsin 2-expressing pyramidal neurons, or 200 ms silencing of Archeorhodopsin T-expressing pyramidal neurons, to generate local cortical UP, or DOWN, states, respectively, both sharing similarities with spontaneous NREM SW in freely moving mice. Importantly, we found that single optogenetically evoked SW (SWopto) in the peri-infarct zone, randomly distributed during sleep, significantly improved fine motor movements of the limb corresponding to the sensorimotor stroke lesion site compared with spontaneous recovery and control conditions, while motor strength remained unchanged. In contrast, SWoptoduring wakefulness had no effect. Furthermore, chronic SWoptoduring sleep were associated with local axonal sprouting as revealed by the increase of anatomic presynaptic and postsynaptic markers in the peri-infarct zone and corresponding contralesional areas to cortical circuit reorganization during stroke recovery. These results support a role for sleep SW in cortical circuit plasticity and sensorimotor recovery after stroke and provide a clinically relevant framework for rehabilitation strategies using neuromodulation during sleep.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain stroke is one of the leading causes of death and major disabilities in the elderly worldwide. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying spontaneous brain plasticity after stroke, together with an optimization of rehabilitative strategies, are essential to improve stroke treatments. Here, we investigate the role of optogenetically induced sleep slow waves in an animal model of ischemic stroke and identify sleep as a window for poststroke intervention that promotes neuroplasticity and facilitates sensorimotor recovery.
No Evidence for a Role of Spatially Modulated α-Band Activity in Tactile Remapping and Short-Latency, Overt Orienting Behavior
Authors: Ossandón José P. , König Peter , Heed Tobias
Published: October 2020

Oscillatory α-band activity is commonly associated with spatial attention and multisensory prioritization. It has also been suggested to reflect the automatic transformation of tactile stimuli from a skin-based, somatotopic reference frame into an external one. Previous research has not convincingly separated these two possible roles of α-band activity. Previous experimental paradigms have used artificially long delays between tactile stimuli and behavioral responses to aid relating oscillatory activity to these different events. However, this strategy potentially blurs the temporal relationship of α-band activity relative to behavioral indicators of tactile-spatial transformations. Here, we assessed α-band modulation with massive univariate deconvolution, an analysis approach that disentangles brain signals overlapping in time and space. Thirty-one male and female human participants performed a delay-free, visual search task in which saccade behavior was unrestricted. A tactile cue to uncrossed or crossed hands was either informative or uninformative about visual target location. α-Band suppression following tactile stimulation was lateralized relative to the stimulated hand over central-parietal electrodes but relative to its external location over parieto-occipital electrodes. α-Band suppression reflected external touch location only after informative cues, suggesting that posterior α-band lateralization does not index automatic tactile transformation. Moreover, α-band suppression occurred at the time of, or after, the production of the saccades guided by tactile stimulation. These findings challenge the idea that α-band activity is directly involved in tactile-spatial transformation and suggest instead that it reflects delayed, supramodal processes related to attentional reorienting.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLocalizing a touch in space requires integrating somatosensory information about skin location and proprioceptive or visual information about posture. The automatic remapping between skin-based tactile information to a location in external space has been proposed to rely on the modulation of oscillatory brain activity in the α-band range, across the multiple cortical areas that are involved in tactile, multisensory, and spatial processing. We report two findings that are inconsistent with this view. First, α-band activity reflected the remapped stimulus location only when touch was task relevant. Second, α-band modulation occurred too late to account for spatially directed behavioral responses and, thus, only after remapping must have taken place. These characteristics contradict the idea that α-band directly reflects automatic tactile remapping processes.
Excitation-Inhibition Imbalance Leads to Alteration of Neuronal Coherence and Neurovascular Coupling under Acute Stress
Authors: Han Kayoung , Lee Myunghee , Lim Hyun-Kyoung , Jang Minwoo Wendy , Kwon Jea , Lee C. Justin , Kim Seong-Gi , Suh Minah
Published: October 2020

A single stressful event can cause morphologic and functional changes in neurons and even malfunction of vascular systems, which can lead to acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding how acute stress impacts neuronal activity, the concurrent vascular response, and the relationship between these two factors, which is defined as neurovascular coupling. Here, usingin vivotwo-photon imaging, we found that NMDA-evoked calcium transients of excitatory neurons were impaired and that vasodilation of penetrating arterioles was concomitantly disrupted in acutely stressed male mice. Furthermore, acute stress altered the relationship between excitatory neuronal calcium coherence and vascular responses. By measuring NMDA-evoked excitatory and inhibitory neuronal calcium activity in acute brain slices, we confirmed that neuronal coherence both between excitatory neurons and between excitatory and inhibitory neurons was reduced by acute stress but restored by blockade of glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Furthermore, the ratio of sEPSCs to sIPSCs was altered by acute stress, suggesting that the excitation-inhibition balance was disrupted by acute stress. In summary,in vivo,ex vivo, and whole-cell recording studies demonstrate that acute stress modifies excitatory-inhibitory neuronal coherence, disrupts the excitation-inhibition balance, and causes consequent neurovascular coupling changes, providing critical insights into the neural mechanism of stress-induced disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAcute stress can cause pathologic conditions, such as acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, by affecting the functions of neurons and blood vessels. However, investigations into the impacts of acute stress on neurovascular coupling, the tight connection between local neural activity and subsequent blood flow changes, are lacking. Through investigations at thein vivo,ex vivo, and whole-cell recording levels, we found that acute stress alters the NMDA-evoked vascular response, impairs the function and coherence of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and disrupts the excitatory and inhibitory balance. These novel findings provide insights into the relevance of the excitatory-inhibitory balance, neuronal coherence, and neurovascular coupling to stress-induced disorders.
“There’s A Little Bit of That Magic Where I’m Becoming Something Else”: LGBT+ Furry Identity Formation and Belonging Online
Authors: Heinz Mary
Published: October 2020

Active and open identi cation with animals and the creation of anthropomorphic (or zoomorphic) fursonas have become infamous on the internet, yet published research on the subculture is lacking. This ethnographic study explores this under-examined subculture by considering how individuals who identify as LGBT+ and as furry nd and experience community online in ways that contribute to feelings of belonging, inclusion, and overall well-being. Through a series of semi-structured interviews, it was found that participating LGBT+ furries experienced an increase in self-reported emotional well-being when allowed to engage with online furry fandom. Given that furry identity is inherently non-normative, the fandom becomes an accepting space for other non-normative identities, like LGBT+ identities. By creating accepting online communities, those without access to supportive communities in their o -line lives can learn about and explore non-normative identity without judgement. These spaces may allow for the accumulation of multiple non-normative identities, all of which are in relative harmony within online furry fandom, which serves as a “catch-all” identity. Existing within this space had positive a ects on the well-being of the participants.
An Improvement of Chalet Management System
Authors: Lim Xiu Ting , Lee Khai Loon
Published: October 2020

The constant growth of the tourism industry in Malaysia has led to the rise of the hospitality industry over recent years. The major tourism SMEs are usually providing the needs or demand of touristy to tourists such as food, accommodation, transportation and other necessities. This paper focuses on the issues of poor customer satisfaction and operational performance that occur in a small and medium scale hospitality company and the ways to solve the problem by developing a prototype of the Chalet Management System. The five whys analysis was used to identify the problems that occur in the hospitality company. The prototype of the Chalet Management System is developed by using Rapid Application Development (RAD) technique with Microsoft Access. This study showed that the Chalet Management System had improved customer satisfaction and operational performance by decreasing the registration process lead time and improving data accuracy and efficiency. The proposed system also received positive feedbacks with its functionalities from the company.
Improving Production System Performance Using Overall Equipment Effectiveness
Authors: Clarence Lance , Mat Daud Wan Muhammad Noor Sarbani
Published: October 2020

In the competition among organization on the global market, no organization will tolerate losses. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) overall is a new process in which the efficiency of a system is calculated and complicated manufacturing issues are truly simplified to simple and intuitive knowledge delivery. It thinks about the exceptionally important measures of productivity. An endeavour has been done to measure and analyse existing Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) at company Kirino in hope to reduce unplanned downtime losses on equipment failure and tooling damage to maximize the productivity. The methods used to analyse these various causes were analysis tools and Intelligence Systems. After knowing the causes of various activities that leads to high rates of defects, then recommendations for improvements that could be used by company Kirino were ready to be made using intelligent system as a medium of solution
GOOD GOVERNANCE IN BANGLADESH: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Ferdaus Jannatul , Hossain Saudia
Published: October 2020

Nowadays governance remains a multi-dimensional concept. It may be termed as a totality of issues reliant on the person concerned about and his/her individual perception of practicality. Good governance cannot be attained, except holding the attention of its vibrant interactions with democratization advantages, the civil rights situation, the state of pro-active improvement and the role of government strategies and programs in a specific nation-state. Here, supposed to be a means of consciousness which seems good governance is beneficial due to its various favourable belongings. Good governance simplifies communal and economic progress and concentrates on its surroundings where social privileges are appreciated. Responsibility, competence, effectiveness, and sustainability can affect people’s involvement, which is subsequently vigorous for good governance. On the local area, shared improvement has been associated with good governance. It is correspondingly understood that participatory growth is not thinkable excluding the existence of a vigorous civil society. Democratization in the logic of providing reasonable chances for taking part in political lifespan may closely relate to good governance also. The mode with which good governance has been represented is evidently lacking in Bangladesh. The views that keep an eye on the essence typically consider looking over the prevailing state of concerns vis-a-vis good governance. In observing the current state of affairs, we inquire the question about how much good governance is at all possible. In reply to this question, the importance is engaged in good governance’s interconnections with the formation of fresh from of democracy, reinforcement of bureaucracy, combating corruption and rising civil society participation viewpoints.
The use of rural areas in Portugal: Historical perspective and the new trends
Authors: Almeida Maria Antónia
Published: October 2020

The Portuguese landscape and its rural areas are the result of thousands of years of human presence, particularly since the late nineteenth century, when protectionist public policies were put in place to promote food self-sufficiency. During the Estado Novo regime, four main agricultural policies were enforced: wheat campaigns, internal colonization, agricultural hydraulic systems and reforestation. Nevertheless, there was a massive rural exodus, starting mainly in the 1960s, which resulted in the depopulation of 80 per cent of the territory. Nowadays, less than 20 per cent of the Portuguese population inhabits interior regions. This demographic change presents huge socio-economic challenges. Recently there have been new trends, based on land concentration and super intensive monoculture, which are incompatible with central and local governments’ policies and strategies to reverse depopulation. The sustainability of Portugal’s rural world, its landscape and the quality of life of its population are at risk. Four items were identified in this article: eucalyptus and pine forests, olive plantations, greenhouses and mining.
Despoblación, envejecimiento y políticas sociales en Castilla y León
Authors: Díez Modino José Manuel , Pardo Fanjul Ana
Published: October 2020

Envejecimiento y despoblación son los dos principales desafíos del reto demográfico al que se enfrentan varias regiones de España y de Europa. Aunque el envejecimiento puede ser considerado como un logro de las sociedades, la despoblación se parece más a un fracaso. Estos dos fenómenos interactúan entre sí, de forma que la despoblación, al estar provocada por bajas tasas de natalidad o por emigración de población joven, contribuye a que el índice de vejez sea mayor, y el envejecimiento, por su parte, agrava el problema de despoblación, ya que una población envejecida tiene menores tasas de natalidad y, finalmente, aumenta las tasas de mortalidad. No obstante, esta relación entre envejecimiento y despoblación no tiene por qué ser únicamente en esa dirección; es posible –y cada vez parece más necesario– que las políticas orientadas a la atención y a los cuidados de las personas mayores contribuyan a paliar el problema de la despoblación. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar que es preciso convertir el envejecimiento en un reto para combatir el problema de despoblación, especialmente a través de las políticas sociales orientadas a la atención de las personas mayores.
Proyecciones de población para áreas pequeñas: estimaciones a nivel de parroquia en cinco provincias del Noroeste de España
Authors: Fernández Vázquez Esteban , Rubiera Morollón Fernando
Published: October 2020

En este artículo se presenta un procedimiento sencillo para obtener proyecciones demográficas para áreas geográficas pequeñas. El método aquí presentado se basa en asumir que las tendencias de las zonas que se van a proyectar serán similares a las observadas en períodos anteriores, y en tomar las proyecciones para áreas geográficas más extensas como punto de referencia. En términos matemáticos, esta técnica pasa por un problema de minimización restringida de las divergencias cuadráticas entre las proyecciones obtenidas y las observadas en períodos pasados, donde las proyecciones demográficas agregadas se toman como restricción. Esta propuesta encaja adecuadamente con el escenario presente en el caso de las proyecciones demográficas que el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) elabora para España, donde las previsiones se presentan a escala provincial pero no con más nivel de detalle. Aunque estas proyecciones provinciales son útiles de cara a la planificación de políticas y a la dotación de determinados servicios por parte del sector público, sería deseable disponer de ellas a una escala geográfica inferior al ámbito provincial. El procedimiento presentado en este trabajo se ilustra con el caso de cinco provincias de España, correspondientes a las comunidades autónomas de Asturias y Galicia, en las que las predicciones de población correspondientes para el año 2033 son desagregadas a una escala geográfica de parroquia.
Protección del derecho a la propiedad privada de las personas naturales accionistas y socias de empresas en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Rincón Tatiana
Published: October 2020

The article reviews the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the protection of the right to property of natural person shareholders of companies.  The objective is to evidence the manner in which this Court has protected the right, despite the provision of Article 1.2 of the American Convention that excludes the recognition of rights of legal persons. The present work argues that the Inter-American Court has managed to protect the right to private property of natural person shareholders in two ways.  First, through the distinction it has made between the rights of the natural person as a partner or shareholder of a company and the rights of the company itself as a legal person.  Secondly, through the interpretation it has made regarding the exhaustion of domestic remedies, as an admissibility requirement set forth in Article 46.1.a) of the American Convention, when such remedies can only be exhausted by the legal person and not by shareholders, when distinguishing between the analysis of the exhaustion of resources and the analysis of the ownership of the rights of legal persons. In this manner, the Court has eliminated access barriers to the organs of the Inter-American Human Rights System and has reaffirmed the object and purpose of the Convention as an instrument that recognizes and protects the human rights of all natural persons.
Nitrogen fertilization level and cutting affected lignocellulosic crops properties important for biogas production
Authors: Oleszek Marta , Matyka Mariusz
Published: October 2020

The influence of the nitrogen fertilization level was investigated relative to the chemical composition of lignocellulosic energy crops and their usefulness as a substrate for the purpose of biogas production. In the case of perennial crops, such as Virginia mallow (VM) and reed canary grass (RCG), the impacts of individual swath and cutting frequency were examined. The results showed that raised nitrogen fertilization improved the biomass quality. This was important for biogas production, primarily through decreased lignin content, and for an increased ratio of structural carbohydrates to lignin. It is believed that this tendency may facilitate the digestion of the tested substrate and increase the methane fermentation efficiency. Likewise, the swath of perennial crops differed significantly in terms of the analyzed properties, which also may have been reflected in the suitability of biomass as a feedstock for biogas plants.
2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Wyckoff Myra H. , Weiner Chair; Gary M. ,   On behalf of the Neonatal Life Support Collaborators
Published: October 2020

This 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) for neonatal life support includes evidence from 7 systematic reviews, 3 scoping reviews, and 12 evidence updates. The Neonatal Life Support Task Force generally determined by consensus the type of evidence evaluation to perform; the topics for the evidence updates followed consultation with International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation member resuscitation councils. The 2020 CoSTRs for neonatal life support are published either as new statements or, if appropriate, reiterations of existing statements when the task force found they remained valid.

Evidence review topics of particular interest include the use of suction in the presence of both clear and meconium-stained amniotic fluid, sustained inflations for initiation of positive-pressure ventilation, initial oxygen concentrations for initiation of resuscitation in both preterm and term infants, use of epinephrine (adrenaline) when ventilation and compressions fail to stabilize the newborn infant, appropriate routes of drug delivery during resuscitation, and consideration of when it is appropriate to redirect resuscitation efforts after significant efforts have failed.

All sections of the Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm are addressed, from preparation through to postresuscitation care. This document now forms the basis for ongoing evidence evaluation and reevaluation, which will be triggered as further evidence is published.

Over 140 million babies are born annually worldwide (https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/births-and-deaths-projected-to-2100). If up to 5% receive positive-pressure ventilation, this evidence evaluation is relevant to more than 7 million newborn infants every year. However, in terms of early care of the newborn infant, some of the topics addressed are relevant to every single baby born.
Franz A. Foltz and Frederick A. Foltz, Faith, Hope, and Love in the Technological Society
Authors: Granados Cassandra
Published: October 2020

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David Lyle Jeffrey, In the Beauty of Holiness: Art and the Bible in Western Culture
Authors: Lin Suchi
Published: October 2020

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Leah D. Schade, Preaching in the Purple Zone: Ministry in the Red-Blue Divide
Authors: Moiso Aimee C.
Published: October 2020

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Tecnologias Assistivas no Ensino de Física para Alunos com Deficiência Visual: um estudo de caso baseado na audiodescrição
Authors: Santos Priscila Valdênia dos , Brandão Gisllayne Cristina de Araújo
Published: October 2020

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o uso da audiodescrição como tecnologia assistiva incorporada ao processo ensino-aprendizagem de física para um aluno do ensino superior com deficiência visual. Após a inserção de alguns tipos de tecnologias assistivas, observou-se que a barreira comunicacional persistia, impedindo o estudante de entender plenamente o conteúdo, resultando em grande dependência dos seus colegas e da tutora presencial. Assim, o objetivo da pesquisa é verificar como a audiodescrição incorporada ao contexto educacional pode contribuir para o aprendizado de física dos estudantes universitários com deficiência visual. Após o acompanhamento de cada etapa, em que diferentes tecnologias assistivas foram utilizadas, realizou-se a coleta de dados qualitativos, mediante aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado com o discente e sua tutora. A análise demonstrou que a audiodescrição proporcionou ao aluno uma maior autonomia e acentuada melhora em seu rendimento acadêmico, favorecendo condições para o exercício de sua cidadania plena.
TEORIA DA AGÊNCIA E OS CONFLITOS ORGANIZACIONAIS: A INFLUÊNCIA DAS TRANSFERÊNCIAS E DAS PROMOÇÕES NOS CUSTOS DE AGÊNCIA EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO BANCÁRIA
Authors: GODOY PAULO DE , MARCON ROSILENE
Published: October 2020

RESUMO A capilaridade do setor bancário, com sua atuação distribuída em diversas cidades e, conseqüentemente, em milhares de agências, demanda como forma de bem representar a instituição tanto a promoção quanto a transferência de executivos para ocupar cargos de gerência em cidades e agências distintas, atuando assim como agentes dos proprietários/acionistas das instituições. Este trabalho analisa a existência de conflitos familiares em razão de uma promoção e/ou transferência, e se esses eventuais conflitos podem influenciar o comportamento do gerente, a ponto de produzir algum custo de agência. Para tanto, com base na Teoria da Agência e na literatura sobre conflitos organizacionais, pesquisou-se um grupo de gerentes de uma instituição financeira brasileira. Como resultado da aplicação de um questionário encontraram-se evidências de que os gerentes consultam suas famílias durante o processo de promoção e/ou transferência e que esse processo pode gerar conflitos entre os gerentes e seus familiares. Os resultados indicam que, na opinião dos gerentes pesquisados, eles podem ser influenciados por uma situação de promoção e/ou transferência, podendo ter sua atuação comprometida, gerando custos de agência.
Construção de uma maquete experimental automatizada para o estudo da polarização da luz e comprovação experimental da Lei de Malus com o auxílio da plataforma Arduíno
Authors: Oliveira Ivanor Nunes de , Silva Wilton Lacerda , Ramos Jorge Anderson Paiva , Melo Clênia Andrade Oliveira de , Takiya Carlos , Chaves Valteni Douglas
Published: October 2020

Resumo No presente artigo, apresentamos os procedimentos necessários para a construção de uma maquete experimental automatizada para a comprovação da lei de Malus com o auxílio da plataforma Arduino, em consonância com o plano de automatização das práticas laboratoriais dos Laboratórios de Física Geral da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, UESB. A escolha da plataforma Arduino está relacionada, em primeiro lugar, com o seu baixo custo, a facilidade de programação e a sua capacidade de estudar processos físicos em tempo real na prática educacional, o que tem permitido modernizar os laboratórios, que são automatizados, manipulados remotamente. A utilização de modernos recursos de software e hardware, unidos por uma plataforma de software universal, permite criar ferramentas virtuais e reais multifuncionais com interface cômoda para estudantes e pesquisadores. Os resultados experimentais obtidos foram usados para demonstrar a lei de Malus por dois métodos. De fato, considerando-se os mais recentes progressos da tecnologia dos computadores, tem-se oportunidades reais para introduzir os mais avançados e eficientes recursos de software e hardware, altamente interativos sem o uso de equipamentos caros.
Prevalência de diagnóstico e tipos de câncer em idosos: dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013
Authors: Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo , Friestino Jane Kelly Oliveira , Ferraz Rosemeire de Olanda , Bacurau Aldiane Gomes de Macedo , Stopa Sheila Rizzato , Moreira Filho Djalma de Carvalho
Published: October 2020

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de diagnóstico médico de câncer em idosos, descrever os tipos de câncer, as limitações em atividades cotidianas, autopercepção da saúde e a relação com doenças/condições crônicas. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional com dados de idosos (n=11.177) que participaram da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS/2013). Estimaram-se as prevalências e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 69,8 anos (IC95%:69,5-70,1) e 56,4% (IC95%:54,8-58,0) eram mulheres. O diagnóstico de câncer foi referido por 5,6% (IC95%:5,0-6,4) dos idosos, sendo maior entre homens (7,1%) que em mulheres (4,7%; p<0,001). Os três principais tipos de câncer foram, nos homens: próstata (52,4%;IC95%:43,5-61,2), pele (13,9%;IC95%:9,1-20,6) e intestino (10,6%;IC95%:4,9-21,5); nas mulheres: mama (46,9%;IC95%:40,6-53,3), pele (17,3%;IC95%:14,2-20,8) e intestino (9,8%;IC95%:6,5-14,5). Cerca de 67% foram diagnosticados após os 60 anos, 33,0% referiram limitação decorrente da doença e 16,8% (IC95%:12,4-22,4) autoavaliaram sua saúde como ruim/muito ruim. A presença de limitação foi cerca de 31% maior naqueles com diagnóstico mais recente e a autopercepção da saúde foi pior naqueles com diagnóstico inferior a 5 anos. Nos idosos com câncer, observaram-se maiores prevalências de hipertensão arterial, doenças do coração, depressão e doenças respiratórias crônicas (p<0,05). Conclusão: Os achados mostram a prevalência de câncer nos idosos brasileiros, com diferenças entre os sexos, bem como a distribuição dos principais tipos e a idade do primeiro diagnóstico. Destaca-se a importância da hipertensão arterial, doenças do coração, depressão e doenças respiratórias, além de outras condições de vida e saúde dos idosos no cuidado oncogeriátrico.
Tutorial-Articles: The Importance of Data and Code Sharing
Authors: Martins Henrique Castro
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Context: this document is designed to be along with those that are in the first edition of the new section of the Journal of Contemporary Administration (RAC): the tutorial-articles section. Objective: the purpose is to present the new section and discuss relevant topics of tutorial-articles. Method: I divide the document into three main parts. First, I provide a summary of the state of the art in open data and open code at the current date that, jointly, create the context for tutorial-articles. Second, I provide some guidance to the future of the section on tutorial-articles, providing a structure and some insights that can be developed in the future. Third, I offer a short R script to show examples of open data that, I believe, can be used in the future in tutorial-articles, but also in innovative empirical studies. Conclusion: finally, I provide a short description of the first tutorial-articles accepted for publication in this current RAC’s edition.
As “epifanias” de Paulo Henriques Britto e a poesia de “arrancar os olhos”
Authors: Serafim Fernando Mendonça
Published: October 2020

Resumo Neste artigo, recorreremos a textos de filósofos e críticos literários para formular uma leitura crítica que consiga abarcar de modo suficiente alguns questionamentos estéticos que são implicitamente abordados na poesia de Paulo Henriques Britto. Tais tópicos são construídos por meio de uma subversão das noções de sujeito e objeto, o que nos leva a imaginar que é uma nova relação de uso que está evidenciada em sua poesia. Esse conceito convoca outros procedimentos que se ligam à especificidade da poesia como forma de ver o mundo além dos sentidos. A percepção transmutada e relativizada dos objetos responde a uma exigência da poética de Paulo Henriques Britto: a de expor a aparente vida comum como um palco em que a crise se apresenta como um substrato da reflexão estética.