bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the rate of human schistosomiasis reinfection
Authors: Zacharia Abdallah , Mushi Vivian , Makene Twilumba
Published: December 2020

While praziquantel mass drug administration is currently the most widely used method in the control of human schistosomiasis, it does not prevent subsequent reinfection hence persistent transmission. Towards schistosomiasis elimination, understanding the reinfection rate is crucial in planning for the future interventions. However, there is scarcity of information on the global reinfection rate of schistosomiasis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at summarizing studies that estimated the reinfection rate of human schistosomiasis. Three data bases (PubMed, Hinari and Google Scholar) were thoroughly searched to retrieve original research articles presenting data on reinfection rate of human schistosomiasis. Study quality and risk of bias was assessed based on Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Meta-analysis was conducted using statistical R version 3.6.2 and R Studio using “meta” and “metafor” packages. Random effect model was employed to estimate pooled reinfection rates. Heterogeneity was determined using Cochran’s Q (chi-square)–test and Higgins I2 statistics. A total of 29 studies met inclusion criteria to be included in this review. All studies had at least satisfactory (5–9 scores) quality. The overal mean and pooled reinfection rates of schistosomiasis were 36.1% (±23.3%) and 33.2% (95% CI, 26.5–40.5%) respectively. For intestinal schistosomiasis, the mean and pooled reinfection rates were 43.9% (±20.6%) and 43.4% (95% CI, 35.8–51.4%), and that for urogenital schistosomiasis were 17.6% (±10.8%) and 19.4% (95% CI, 12.3%– 29.2%) respectively. Cochran’s Q (chi-square)–test and Higgins I2 statistic indicated significant heterogeneity across studies (p-values < 0.001, I2 values > 95%). Results of subgroup analysis showed that, the type of Schistosoma species, participants’ age group, sample size and geographical area had influence on disparity variation in reinfection rate of schistosomiasis (p < 0.1). Despite the control measures in place, the re-infection rate is still high, specifically on intestinal schistosomiasis as compared to urogenital schistosomiasis. Achieving 2030 sustainable development goal 3 on good health and wellbeing intensive programmatic strategies for schistosomiasis elimination should be implemented. Among such strategies to be used at national level are repeated mass drug administration at least every six months, intensive snails control and health education.
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule expression correlates with the WNT subgroup in medulloblastoma and is involved in regulating tumor cell proliferation and invasion
Authors: Achiha Takamune , Kijima Noriyuki , Kodama Yoshinori , Kagawa Naoki , Kinoshita Manabu , Fujimoto Yasunori , Nonaka Masahiro , Fukai Junya , Inoue Akihiro , Nishida Namiko , Yamanaka Takumi , Harada Atsuko , Mori Kanji , Tsuyuguchi Naohiro , Uda Takehiro , Ishibashi Kenichi , Tomogane Yusuke , Sakamoto Daisuke , Shofuda Tomoko , Yoshioka Ema , Kanematsu Daisuke , Mano Masayuki , Luu Betty , Taylor Michael D. , Kanemura Yonehiro , Kishima Haruhiko
Published: December 2020

Cluster of differentiation (CD) 166 or activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) is a transmembrane molecule known to be an intercellular adhesion factor. The expression and function of ALCAM in medulloblastoma (MB), a pediatric brain tumor with highly advanced molecular genetics, remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the significance and functional role of ALCAM expression in MB. ALCAM expression in 45 patients with MB was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded clinical specimens and the relationship between ALCAM expression and pathological type/molecular subgroup, such as WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4, was examined. Eight ALCAM positive (18%), seven partially positive (16%), and 30 negative (67%) cases were detected. All seven cases of the WNT molecular subgroup were ALCAM positive and ALCAM expression strongly correlated with this subgroup (P < 0.0001). In addition, functional studies using MB cell lines revealed ALCAM expression affected proliferation and migration as a positive regulator in vitro. However, ALCAM silencing did not affect survival or the formation of leptomeningeal dissemination in an orthotopic mouse model, but did induce a malignant phenotype with increased tumor cell invasion at the dissemination sites (P = 0.0029). In conclusion, our results revealed that ALCAM exhibited highly specific expression in the WNT subgroup of MB. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the cell kinetics of MB cell lines can be altered by the expression of ALCAM.
Acute leucocyte, muscle damage, and stress marker responses to high-intensity functional training
Authors: Gomes João Henrique , Mendes Renata Rebello , Franca Crystianne Santana , Da Silva-Grigoletto Marzo Edir , Pereira da Silva Danilo Rodrigues , Antoniolli Angelo Roberto , de Oliveira e Silva Ana Mara , Quintans-Júnior Lucindo José
Published: December 2020

Background

High-intensity functional training (HIFT) has become more popular, and the number of practitioners has increased; however, it remains unclear whether perturbations in the immune parameters occur, even after one single bout. Our aim was to examine acute leucocyte, muscle damage, and stress marker responses following a single ‘Cindy’ workout session, and compare the results between novice and experienced participants.

Material and methods

Twenty-three HIFT practitioners (age 31.0 ± 1.0 years) completed the ‘Cindy’ workout. They were categorized as novice (3–8 months of experience; n = 10) and experienced (≥18 months; n = 13). White blood cell (WBC) count, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, blood cortisol level, and lactate concentration were measured. Blood analysis was performed before (pre-ex), immediately after (post-ex), 30 min after (post-30 min), and 24 h after (post-24 h) a single ‘Cindy’ workout session.

Results

WBC count was higher post-ex (6.8 to 11.8x103/μL) and returned to baseline values within post-30 min (p<0.01). Neutrophil (3.3 to 4.5x103/μL) and lymphocyte levels (2.8 to 5.9x103/μL) were higher post-ex and returned to baseline values after post-24 h, yet lymphocytopoenia (2.2x103/μL) was observed at post-30 min (p<0.01). CK increased post-ex (174.9 to 226.7 U.L-1) and remained elevated post-24 h. Cortisol (14.7 to 17.0 μg/dL) and lactate (1.9 to 13.5 mmol.l-1) responses increased post-ex, but only the lactate level was reduced at post-30 min (p<0.01). The experienced participants had higher WBC, lymphocyte, and cortisol concentrations post-ex than the novice ones (p<0.01).

Conclusions

A single HIFT session elicited significant acute perturbations in WBC count, stress markers, and muscle tissue, which is like other similar regimens. Importantly, the experienced participants showed greater lymphocyte and cortisol responses than the novice ones.
Response of oat morphologies, root exudates, and rhizosphere fungal communities to amendments in a saline-alkaline environment
Authors: Lu Peina , Yang Tony , Li Lijun , Zhao Baoping , Liu Jinghui
Published: December 2020

The application of organic amendments to saline-alkaline soil has been recommended as an agricultural strategy to improve crop productivity and soil health. However, there has been limited research on how organic soil amendment strategies affect the health of oats and their associated rhizosphere fungal communities in saline-alkaline conditions. Thus, the objectives of this study were to understand the effects of oat cultivars with contrasting saline-alkaline tolerances and different amendments on plant morphologies, root exudates (soluble sugars and organic acids), and rhizosphere fungal communities in a saline-alkaline environment. Experiments were conducted on a saline-alkaline tolerant cultivar, Baiyan2, and a saline-alkaline sensitive cultivar, Caoyou1, under four different organic amendment strategies: 1. control (no amendment application), 2. bio-fertilizer application, 3. rotten straw application, and 4. a co-application of bio-fertilizer and rotten straw. Results showed that plant morphological characters of Baiyan2 were better than Caoyou1, and that soluble sugar and organic acid levels in the rhizosphere of Baiyan2 were significantly lower than Caoyou1. Compared to the control, oat root and plant development was significantly improved by the combined bio-fertilizer and rotten straw amendment. Bio-fertilizer application promoted malic and citric acid levels, contributing to a higher total organic acid level, and significantly increased the abundance of Rhizopus arrhizus and decreased the abundance of the fungal pathogens Alternaria, Cladosporium, Sarocladium and Heydenia of Ascomycota in both oat cultivars. All amendment treatments containing rotten straw, except the combined amendment in Baiyan2, significantly increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota (specifically Gibberella, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Bipolaris) and decreased the relative abundance of R. arrhizus by reducing soluble sugar and organic acid levels. For the combined amendment in Baiyan2, there were no significant changes in Gibberella and Rhizopus between the control and amendment treatment. Our results suggest that co-application of bio-fertilizer and rotten straw, combined with a tolerant oat cultivar, is an effective method to increase crop productivity and enhance soil health in a saline-alkaline environment.
Non-adherence to long-lasting insecticide treated bednet use following successful malaria control in Tororo, Uganda
Authors: Rek John , Musiime Alex , Zedi Maato , Otto Geoffrey , Kyagamba Patrick , Asiimwe Rwatooro Jackson , Arinaitwe Emmanuel , Nankabirwa Joaniter , Staedke Sarah G. , Drakeley Chris , Rosenthal Philip J. , Kamya Moses , Dorsey Grant , Krezanoski Paul J.
Published: December 2020

Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated bednets (LLINs) are common tools for reducing malaria transmission. We studied a cohort in Uganda with universal access to LLINs after 5 years of sustained IRS to explore LLIN adherence when malaria transmission has been greatly reduced. Eighty households and 526 individuals in Nagongera, Uganda were followed from October 2017 –October 2019. Every two weeks, mosquitoes were collected from sleeping rooms and LLIN adherence the prior night assessed. Episodes of malaria were diagnosed using passive surveillance. Risk factors for LLIN non-adherence were evaluated using multi-level mixed logistic regression. An age-matched case-control design was used to measure the association between LLIN non-adherence and malaria. Across all time periods, and particularly in the last 6 months, non-adherence was higher among both children <5 years (OR 3.31, 95% CI: 2.30–4.75; p<0.001) and school-aged children 5–17 years (OR 6.88, 95% CI: 5.01–9.45; p<0.001) compared to adults. In the first 18 months, collection of fewer mosquitoes was associated with non-adherence (OR 3.25, 95% CI: 2.92–3.63; p<0.001), and, in the last 6 months, residents of poorer households were less adherent (OR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.17–22.2; p = 0.03). Any reported non-adherence over the prior two months was associated with a 15-fold increase in the odds of having malaria (OR 15.0, 95% CI: 1.95 to 114.9; p = 0.009). Knowledge about LLIN use was high, and the most frequently reported barriers to use included heat and low perceived risk of malaria. Children, particularly school-aged, participants exposed to fewer mosquitoes, and those from poorer households, were less likely to use LLINs. Non-adherence to LLINs was associated with an increased risk of malaria. Strategies, such as behavior change communications, should be prioritized to ensure consistent LLIN use even when malaria transmission has been greatly reduced.
Analysis of the effects of a tricyclic antidepressant on secondary sleep disturbance induced by chronic pain in a preclinical model
Authors: Ito Hisakatsu , Takemura Yoshinori , Aoki Yuta , Hattori Mizuki , Horikawa Hideyo , Yamazaki Mitsuaki
Published: December 2020

Chronic pain and sleep have a bidirectional relationship that promotes a vicious circle making chronic pain more difficult to treat. Therefore, pain and sleep should be treated simultaneously. In our previous study, we suggested that hyperactivation of ascending serotonergic neurons could cause secondary sleep disturbance in chronic pain. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of a tricyclic antidepressant (amitriptyline) and a selective 5-hydroxy-tryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) antagonist (MDL 100907) that adjust serotonergic transmission, on secondary sleep disturbance induced in a preclinical chronic pain model. We produced a chronic neuropathic pain model by partial sciatic nerve ligation in mice, analyzed their electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) using the SleepSign software, and evaluated the sleep condition of the pain model mice after administration of amitriptyline or MDL 100907. Amitriptyline improved thermal hyperalgesia and the amount of sleep, especially non-REM sleep. Time change of normalized power density of δ wave in the nerve ligation group with amitriptyline administration showed a normal pattern that was similar to sham mice. In addition, MDL 100907 normalized sleep condition similar to amitriptyline, without improvement in pain threshold. In conclusion, amitriptyline could improve sleep quantity and quality impaired by chronic pain. 5-HT2A receptor antagonism could partially contribute to this sleep improvement, but is not associated with pain relief.
Utilization of institutional delivery and associated factors among mothers in Hosanna Town, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Anshebo Demeke , Geda Bifitu , Mecha Aregash , Liru Alemu , Ahmed Ritbano
Published: December 2020

Background

Institutional delivery is one of the key interventions that have been proven to reduce maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. Ethiopia has initiated different efforts to enhance the acceptance of institutional delivery. In spite of this, the number of institutional deliverys is still very low in Ethiopia and varies from region to region. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the utilization of institutional delivery and of factors associated with it among mothers in Hossana Town, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods

This study was a community-based cross-sectional study of mothers who had given birth within 12 months before the study. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. During the study period, 403 mothers were selected using the systematic random sampling technique. Data entry was done using EpiData (version 3.1), and data were exported to SPSS (version 24) for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the associated factors at 95% CI.

Results

This study revealed that 53.6% of mothers delivered their infants at health facilities. The factors associated with the institutional delivery were primigravidas (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI, 1.4–4.7), the availability of antenatal care (AOR = 3.4; 95%CI, 1.7–7.2), having planned pregnancies (AOR = 3.9; 95%CI, 1.7–9.3) and the involvement of both parents in decision making (AOR = 2.4; 95%CI, 1.4–2.5). However, when only the mother was involved in the decision making regarding the delivery, the figure decreased by 70% (AOR = 0.3; 95%CI, 0.1–0.8).

Conclusions

The findings of this study indicate that high numbers of births occur without skilled attendants or are non- institutional delivery. In terms of the factors that are associated with institutional delivery, the study suggests that strengthening sustained provision of education during antenatal care and at community levels are crucial.
Training outcomes for audiology students using virtual reality or traditional training methods
Authors: Bakhos David , Galvin John , Aoustin Jean-Marie , Robier Mathieu , Kerneis Sandrine , Bechet Garance , Montembault Norbert , Laurent Stéphane , Godey Benoit , Aussedat Charles
Published: December 2020

Due to limited space and resources, it can be difficult to train students on audiological procedures adequately. In the present study, we compared audiology training outcomes between a traditional approach and a recently developed immersive virtual reality (VR) approach in audiology students. Twenty-nine first-year audiology students participated in the study; 14 received traditional training (“TT group”), and 15 received the VR training (“VRT group”). Pre- and post-training evaluation included a 20-item test developed by an audiology educator. Post-training satisfaction and self-confidence were evaluated using Likert scales. Mean post-training test scores improved by 6.9±9.8 percentage points in the TT group and by 21.1±7.8 points in the VRT group; the improvement in scores was significant for both groups. After completing the traditional training, the TT group was subsequently trained with the VR system, after which mean scores further improved by 7.5 points; there was no significant difference in post-VR training scores between the TT and VRT groups. After training, the TT and VRT groups completed satisfaction and self-confidence questionnaires. Satisfaction and self-confidence ratings were significantly higher for the VR training group, compared to the traditional training group. Satisfaction ratings were “good” (4 on Likert scale) for 74% of the TT group and 100% of the VRT group. Self-confidence ratings were “good” for 71% of the TT group and 92% of the VRT group. These results suggest that a VR training approach may be an effective alternative or supplement to traditional training for audiology students.
Adult attachment styles and mothers’ life satisfaction in relation to eating behaviors in the families with overweight and obese children
Authors: Pasztak-Opiłka Agnieszka , de Jonge Romana , Zachurzok Agnieszka , Górnik-Durose Małgorzata E.
Published: December 2020

Family plays a significant role in shaping children's eating behaviors. The aim of the study was to assess whether mothers’ attachment style, their life satisfaction and their own body weight can be associated with family eating behaviors. The results from 52 dyads (mothers/children) covered by the Metabolic Disease Clinic were analyzed. A targeted sample selection was used, taking into account the weight (overweight/obesity) and age (≥11 years) criteria of the child. The results have shown that the mother's body weight is a significant determinant of her child's body weight. The anxiety-ambivalent attachment style in mothers is a significant predictor of behaviors aimed at regulating and controlling affective states by food. A decrease in the knowledge of nutrition is associated with an increase in the level of anxiety-ambivalent and avoidant style. The avoidant attachment style is significantly associated with the nutrition organisation and control. Dysfunctional eating behaviors predominate among mothers with a lower level of life satisfaction. The lower the level of life satisfaction, the greater the tendency to regulate affective states and family relationships through nutrition, and to manifest improper organisation of nutrition. Mothers with obesity, compared to mothers with overweight and with normal body weight show a higher level of regulating emotions through food, improper organisation of nutrition and lower control in this area. The research results indicateshow significant relationships between insecure attachment styles, life satisfaction, and the mother's weight with eating behaviors unfavorable to health. It is therefore necessary to include family factors in the process of creating effective intervention strategies.
Impact of vaginal microbiome communities on HIV antiretroviral-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) drug metabolism
Authors: Cheu Ryan K. , Gustin Andrew T. , Lee Christina , Schifanella Luca , Miller Charlene J. , Ha Avie , Kim Casey , Rodriguez Violeta J. , Fischl Margaret , Burgener Adam D. , Arnold Kelly B. , Alcaide Maria L. , Klatt Nichole R.
Published: December 2020

Despite the efficacy of antiretroviral-based pre-exposure prophylactics (PrEP) in men who have sex with men, studies in women have produced widely varying outcomes. Recent evidence demonstrates that vaginal microbial communities are associated with increased HIV acquisition risk and may impact PrEP efficacy. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying how vaginal bacteria alter PrEP drug levels and impact HIV infection rates ex vivo. Using cervicovaginal lavages (CVLs) from women with or without bacterial vaginosis (BV), we identified microbial metabolism of PrEP drugs in BV samples through LC-MS/MS analysis of soluble drug levels and metabolite formation in dual T-cell cultures. CVL samples were assessed for microbiome analysis using sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. We also observed non-Lactobacillus bacteria that are associated with BV may potentially impact PrEP efficacy through increased HIV infection rates in co-cultures containing Lactobacillus or BV bacteria, PrEP drugs, CEM-GFP cells, and HIV-1LAI virus. Finally, we used these data to develop a novel predictive mathematical simulation modeling system to predict these drug interactions for future trials. These studies demonstrate how dysbiotic vaginal microbiota may impact PrEP drugs and provides evidence linking vaginal bacteria to PrEP efficacy in women.
A vector whitefly endocytic receptor facilitates the entry of begomoviruses into its midgut cells via binding to virion capsid proteins
Authors: Zhao Jing , Lei Teng , Zhang Xin-Jia , Yin Tian-Yan , Wang Xiao-Wei , Liu Shu-Sheng
Published: December 2020

Many circulative plant viruses transmitted by insect vectors are devastating to agriculture worldwide. The midgut wall of vector insects represents a major barrier and at the same time the key gate a circulative plant virus must cross for productive transmission. However, how these viruses enter insect midgut cells remains poorly understood. Here, we identified an endocytic receptor complex for begomoviruses in the midgut cells of their whitefly vector. Our results show that two whitefly proteins, BtCUBN and BtAMN, compose a receptor complex BtCubam, for which BtCUBN contributes a viral-binding region and BtAMN contributes to membrane anchorage. Begomoviruses appear to be internalized together with BtCubam via its interaction with the 12–19 CUB domains of BtCUBN via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Functional analysis indicates that interruption of BtCUBN and BtAMN lead to reduction of virus acquisition and transmission by whitefly. In contrast, CUBN-begomovirus interaction was not observed in two non-competent whitefly-begomovirus combinations. These observations suggest a major role of the specific endocytic receptor in facilitating viral entry into vector midgut cells.
Rhabditophanes diutinus a parthenogenetic clade IV nematode with dauer larvae
Authors: Dulovic Alex , Renahan Tess , Röseler Waltraud , Rödelsperger Christian , Rose Ann M. , Streit Adrian
Published: December 2020

Comparative studies using non-parasitic model species such asCaenorhabditis elegans, have been very helpful in investigating the basic biology and evolution of parasitic nematodes. However, as phylogenetic distance increases, these comparisons become more difficult, particularly when outside of the nematode clade to whichC.elegansbelongs (V). One of the reasonsC.eleganshas nevertheless been used for these comparisons, is that closely related well characterized free-living species that can serve as models for parasites of interest are frequently not available. The Clade IV parasitic nematodesStrongyloidesare of great research interest due to their life cycle and other unique biological features, as well as their medical and veterinary importance.Rhabditophanes, a closely related free-living genus, forms part of the Strongyloidoidea nematode superfamily.Rhabditophanes diutinus(=R. sp. KR3021) was included in the recent comparative genomic analysis of the Strongyloididae, providing some insight into the genomic nature of parasitism. However, very little is known about this species, limiting its usefulness as a research model. Here we provide a species description, name the species asR.diutinusand investigate its life cycle and subsequently gene expression in multiple life stages. We identified two previously unreported starvation induced life stages: dauer larvae and arrested J2 (J2A) larvae. The dauer larvae are morphologically similar to and are the same developmental stage as dauers inC.elegansand infective larvae inStrongyloides. As inC.elegansandStrongyloides, dauer formation is inhibited by treatment with dafachronic acid, indicating some genetic control mechanisms are conserved. Similarly, the expression patterns of putative dauer/infective larva control genes resemble each other, in particular betweenR.diutinusandStrongyloidesspp. These findings illustrate and increase the usefulness ofR.diutinusas a non-parasitic, easy to work with model species for the Strongyloididae for studying the evolution of parasitism as well as many aspects of the biology ofStrongyloidesspp, in particular the formation of infective larvae.
The cucumber mosaic virus 1a protein regulates interactions between the 2b protein and ARGONAUTE 1 while maintaining the silencing suppressor activity of the 2b protein
Authors: Watt Lewis G. , Crawshaw Sam , Rhee Sun-Ju , Murphy Alex M. , Canto Tomás , Carr John P.
Published: December 2020

The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) is a potent counter-defense and pathogenicity factor that inhibits antiviral silencing by titration of short double-stranded RNAs. It also disrupts microRNA-mediated regulation of host gene expression by binding ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1). But inArabidopsis thalianacomplete inhibition of AGO1 is counterproductive to CMV since this triggers another layer of antiviral silencing mediated by AGO2, de-represses strong resistance against aphids (the insect vectors of CMV), and exacerbates symptoms. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and co-immunoprecipitation assays we found that the CMV 1a protein, a component of the viral replicase complex, regulates the 2b-AGO1 interaction. By binding 2b protein molecules and sequestering them in P-bodies, the 1a protein limits the proportion of 2b protein molecules available to bind AGO1, which ameliorates 2b-induced disease symptoms, and moderates induction of resistance to CMV and to its aphid vector. However, the 1a protein-2b protein interaction does not inhibit the ability of the 2b protein to inhibit silencing of reporter gene expression in agroinfiltration assays. The interaction between the CMV 1a and 2b proteins represents a novel regulatory system in which specific functions of a VSR are selectively modulated by another viral protein. The finding also provides a mechanism that explains how CMV, and possibly other viruses, modulates symptom induction and manipulates host-vector interactions.
Análisis de la vulnerabilidad social a los riesgos naturales mediante técnicas estadísticas multivariantes
Authors: Navarro Daniel , Vallejo Ismael , Navarro Manuel
Published: December 2020

La combinación de una población humana y de un agente potencialmente destructivo no produce necesariamente un desastre. Para que el desastre se vuelva inevitable debe producirse en el contexto de una población vulnerable. En este estudio se analiza la vulnerabilidad social a los riesgos naturales mediante técnicas estadísticas multivariantes, en concreto, análisis de componentes principales y análisis clúster k-means. La combinación de estas técnicas evita la necesidad de ponderar las variables a priori. Esta metodología se ha aplicado como caso de estudio a la ciudad de Almería utilizando un conjunto de variables que influyen en la vulnerabilidad de la población. Respecto a la vulnerabilidad social, se ha concebido de forma holística, abarcando sus diferentes dimensiones y evitando una simplificación excesiva de la complejidad de la realidad social. Por ello, se ha tenido en cuenta que existen múltiples factores sociales, económicos y culturales que influyen en la aparición de un desastre. Los resultados obtenidos han permitido identificar las zonas de mayor vulnerabilidad social, destacando que alrededor del 32 por ciento de la población presenta una vulnerabilidad alta o muy alta. Por último, la metodología propuesta se ha mostrado adecuada para el estudio de la vulnerabilidad social, siendo además replicable a otras áreas de estudio y a diferentes escalas.
Uso del cine comercial en la enseñanza de Psicología para estudiantes de Medicina y de Biología
Authors: Pérez Jorge , Baillès Eva
Published: December 2020

En este escrito se narra una experiencia de uso de tres películas comerciales para llevar a cabo evaluaciones formativas en Psicología con estudiantes de Medicina y de Biología. En ambos casos, los alumnos visionaban las películas en horas de clase y posteriormente realizaban el examen formativo. Unos días después, se entregaban a los estudiantes los exámenes corregidos para realizar una sesión de retroalimentación. En ésta se comentaban todas las preguntas y se hacía hincapié en los conceptos que no habían sido asimilados de forma correcta. Se hace una valoración muy positiva de la experiencia tanto por la alta satisfacción mostrada por los estudiantes como por el éxito académico final de éstos.
A területi egyenlőtlenségeket és a versenyképességet meghatározó társadalmi tényezők Hajdú-Bihar megye térségeiben
Authors: Bánfalvi Győző Sándor , Czibere Ibolya
Published: December 2020

The general approach of an area’s social and economic change is often the result of a quantitative assessment of one of its sectors. However, the processes that have taken place can be better captured through a complex index that carries the major economic and social characteristics of the observed area. By compiling such a complex social and economic index we characterize the competitiveness of a region, and regional rankings compiled on the basis of such complex territorial indicators also helped to allocate EU funds in Hungary. One of the aims of our study is to try to determine the movement of Hajdú-Bihar County and its regions on the map of the relative territorial inequality of the country from the change of regime to the end of the fi rst EU development cycle. We could do this in two major periods. In the fi rst, we examined the period from the change of regime to Hungary’s joining the EU with the help of the categorization of the competitiveness of the regions in Hungary. In the second period we can follow the development of the territorial inequality in Hungary during the fi rst EU development cycle. This observation is based on the values of complex social and economic indicators recorded at the start and the end of this period, and the regional rankings established on the basis of them. During the whole period examined only little change could be detected in the relative rankings of the counties. For example, Hajdú-Bihar County was the sixth worst-hit Hungarian county in 2007, and at the start of the new EU development cycle (2013) it fell back by one position. Meanwhile, the large territorial inequalities that had previously characterized the country remained and even increased. These are refl ected in the increase of territorial inequalities within the counties, thus the territorial inequalities of Hajdú-Bihar County also increased signifi cantly. The whole period in study is characterized by the growth of territorial inequality, but its tendency is not the same. The polarization within the county started right after the regime change, then accelerated and intensifi ed signifi cantly during the periods. Another important objective of our study is to try to interpret the tendencies in relation to the territorial inequality of Hajdú-Bihar county directly through the change of county-level competitiveness factors.
Számvevőszéki értékteremtés turbulens környezetben – a komplexitás kezelésének lehetőségei
Authors: Nagy Sándor , Gulyás László
Published: December 2020

A komplex adaptív rendszerek tulajdonságainak és működésének vizsgálata, illetve az ebből származtatható megállapítások alkalmazhatósági területeinek kiterjesztése az utóbbi évtizedben egyre nagyobb érdeklődésnek örvend. Nincs ez másként a menedzsmentben és a szervezetelméletben sem. Az új szemlélet – azaz a komplex működési környezethez való tudatos szervezeti alkalmazkodás – átültetése és interpretációja révén a tudásalapú gazdaságban olyan vállalkozások jöhetnek létre, amelyek a magasabb szintű alkalmazkodási és innovációs képességeik révén hosszabb távon is fenntartható versenyelőnyöket és magas hozzáadott értéket tudnak produkálni. A szerzők tanulmánya alapvetően arra keresi a választ, hogy ez az új megközelítés integrálható-e a közösségi értékteremtésbe – különös tekintettel a számvevőszéki működés kontextusába. A versenyszféra és a közszféra közötti hasonlóságot a komplexitás kezelésében látják, függetlenül attól, hogy az értékteremtés más-más koncepciókon nyugszik a két említett területen.
Az innováció társadalmi felelőssége
Authors: Angyal Ádám
Published: December 2020

A szerző kutatásának legfőbb eredménye egy új fogalom megalkotása: az innováció társadalmi felelőssége. Az innováció a gazdasági élet fontos és nélkülözhetetlen eleme. Ez az általános megközelítés jellemzi az innovációs folyamatok kutatását is. Nem vitatva az innovációk hasznosságának igazságát, ebben az írásban kiszélesíti ezt az általánosan használt és szigorúan korlátozott megközelítést. Tapasztalatai és kutatásainak eredményei szerint két új megközelítéssel gazdagítja az innováció fogalmát. Az első az innovációk feltétlen hasznosságával kapcsolatos. Az innovációk veszélyesek is lehetnek. Megemlítve az atombombát, a DDT rovarirtót vagy a szintetikus kábítószereket, világos lehet, hogy mit tart veszélyes innovációnak. Az innováció fogalmának értelmezésében egy további új területre utal. Nemcsak a gazdaságban, de a társadalmi élet egészében ismertek az innovációk. A szocializmus, ez a jelentős és végső soron sikertelen társadalmi innováció a legjelentősebb példa a sikertelen társadalmi innovációra. Napjainkban is találkozni lehet kétes hozadékú társadalmi innovációkkal. Írása néhány példát említ a mai veszélyes kimenetelű intellektuális kezdeményezésekből is.
A magyar kis- és közepes vállalkozások vezetőinek vállalkozói hajlandósága
Authors: Hofmeister Tóth Ágnes , Kopfer-Rácz Kinga , Sas Dóra
Published: December 2020

Korábbi kutatások eredményei alapján a vállalkozói hajlandóság a vállalkozások egyik sikertényezőjének tekinthető. A vállalkozói hajlandóság magában foglalja a proaktív szemlélet alkalmazását, a kockázatvállalási hajlandóságot és az innovációs aktivitást. A magyar kis- és középvállalkozók esetében igazán érdekes ez a kérdés, hiszen a magyar vállalkozói kultúra csak a rendszerváltást követően, az 1990-es években kezdett el fejlődni, és még most is dominánsan jelen vannak azok a vállalkozók, akik kényszerítő tényezők, és kevésbé egy üzleti lehetőség vonzósága miatt kezdtek saját vállalkozásba. A szerzők a vállalkozói szellem vizsgálatára kvantitatív kutatást végeztek 200 KKV-vezető bevonásával. A kutatás során a Matsuno, Mentzner és Ozsomer (2002) által alkalmazott skálát használták. Az eredmények alapján a vállalkozói hajlandóságot vizsgáló skála megbízhatósága az elfogadható tartományon kívül esett, így az nem alkalmazható megbízhatóan a magyar vállalkozók vizsgálatára. A módszertani eltérések nem szignifikánsak, ami arra enged következtetni, hogy a skála validitására inkább a magyar és a nyugati országok vállalkozói kultúrája közötti eltérés van jelentős hatással. Ez az eltérés elsősorban a magyar vállalkozók sajátos szocializálódásával és szociokulturális hátterével magyarázható, ami jelentős hatással van gondolkodásmódjukra és a vállalkozói léthez való viszonyukra.
A tudásmenedzsment fejlődési szakaszainak tettenérése a magyar üzleti tanácsadás piacán
Authors: Fejes József
Published: December 2020

A 2008-as gazdasági válság a menedzsmentdöntések homlokterébe helyezte a tudástőke-befektetéseket, aminek következtében a tudásmenedzsment szembetűnően dinamikus fejlődésnek indult. A fejlődés azonban globális szinten másfajta intenzitást mutat, mint Magyarországon. A szerző kutatása ezeket a különbségeket igyekszik feltárni a magyar üzleti tanácsadó cégek tudásmenedzsment-gyakorlatán keresztül. A fejlődéstörténetet három részre bontva vizsgálta: rendszer, stratégia és versenyképesség szintjén. A magyar vezetési tanácsadók tudásmenedzsment-gyakorlatáról megállapítható, hogy komoly szakmai munka folyik a vizsgált vállalatok mindegyikénél, azonban kivétel nélkül van még továbbfejlődési lehetőség a tudás menedzselésében.
Indications for various options of foot deformities orthopedic correction in diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy
Authors: Bardiugov Petr S. , Parshikov Mikhail V. , Galstyan Gagik R. , Yarygin Nikolaj V.
Published: December 2020

Diabetic osteoarthropathy is one of the most difficult complication of diabetes mellitus, requiring the cooperation of a many of specialitys, including traumatologists - orthopedists. However, there is no single approach to the choice of orthopedic treatment tactics for this group of patients. From 2015 to 2018 inclusive, there were 35 patients with diabetic osteoarthropathy that received conservative or surgical orthopedic treatment. 11 patients received conservative orthopedic treatment; 24 patients received surgical treatment. A total of 26 surgical interventions were performed. Two types of surgical interventions were performed: 1) resection of the protruding fragment of one or another bone of the tarsus - 12 operations 2) reconstructive surgery aimed at correcting gross deformation of the middle and / or hindfoot - 14 operations. Along with general clinical examination, all patients underwent orthopedic examination, determining the degree of blood supply disturbance. A differentiated approach to choosing the method of orthopedic treatment of the presented group of patients allowed to restore limb supportability, ensure stability in the ankle joint and joints of the middle foot, create conditions for healing and prevention of relapse of the ulcer. The experience gained allowed us to offer indications for a particular method of orthopedic treatment of foot deformities in diabetic osteoarthropathy, depending on the stage of the pathological process, its location, the severity of the deformation, and the clinical course of this pathology.
Scholars at the Royal Society of Sciences of Montpellier (1706–1793)
Authors: De la Croix David
Published: December 2020

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars who worked at the Royal Society of Sciences of Montpellier from its inception in 1706 to its dissolution in 1793.
Scholars and Literati at the Danzig Research Society (1743–1800)
Authors: De la Croix David , Ganterer Maximilian
Published: December 2020

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who participated in the activities of the Danzig Research Society in Gdansk (Pomerania, Poland) from its inception in 1743 to the eve of the Industrial Revolution (1800).
Sustainable Tourism Business Promotion in Pakistan: A Descriptive Analysis of Logistics and Environmental Agreements
Authors: ULLAH Nazir , AZIZ Saidatul Nadia Abd , IDREES Rao Qasim
Published: December 2020

The tourism industry is considered most important aspect for the progress of the economy as well as enhancing employment rate of the country. Tourism sector comprises on different activities such as, hotels, restaurants, tour operators, transportation management and providing services to the local and foreign clients at their destinations. Furthermore, tourism industry is also very important to bring foreign currency in the country through the visitors which consequently enhance the foreign reserves. However, there is deficiency of prescribed rules and regulations for Pakistan tourism sector particularly environmental agreements and their enforcement consequently it creates many operational as well as market-based issues, hence drops the progress rate of this sector. Pakistan is also one of those countries where tourism business and services are being dealt without any proper regulatory system and it can further disturb the tourism investment by the Chinese or domestic investors under CPEC projects. There is strong connection between tourism business development and better logistics infrastructure and facilities of roads and railway sectors. This research article provides an analysis of tourism development in Pakistan through well planed physical infrastructure in order to get better results from tourism investments. In this article, authors adopt descriptive approach while providing the information and also explore the benefits and utilisation of CPEC overland logistics investment by the Chinese companies in tourism industry. There is an analytical jurisprudence approach is applied to highlight logistics benefits and preferences between China and Pakistan as well as the changes in environmental agreements. This study concludes that better logistics and transport infrastructure along with comprehensive environmental policies further accelerates tourism business with major trade markets in the country. Positive rearrangement of environmental agreements as well as logistics and transport is helpful to attract foreign investment in the tourism industry and particularly in areas which probably would have capacity to generate revenue. In this manner, tourism sector through developed connectivity and growth of infrastructure creates employment opportunities in the country.
Reasons and Benefits of Seasonal Migrations in the Villages of Rugova
Authors: KRASNIQI Addhe , DANA Hazer , ÇELA Tomor
Published: December 2020

This study deals with seasonal migration as a special frame of migration. These migrations date back to the early days and consist of the movement of the population for a certain period of time, which are mainly related to the grazing of animals in the hilly-mountainous areas for higher productivity. In the territory of Kosova, as well, this sort of migration is quite emphatic, specifically in Rugova Mountain (Albanian Alps). The basic purpose of this research is the evidence of the main reasons of seasonal migration and the benefits of it. It is quite apparent that the main reasons are economic in nature, therefore through this research the key factor why the migrations reside those high mountain areas during warm seasons have been analyzed. Moreover, beside those migration reasons, a special emphasis in this study is given to the benefits those migrations have been bringing to the immigrant country, as well as to the migrant one.
Financial Mechanism for Managing the Environmental Innovation Development of the Economy in Ukraine
Authors: BORISOVA Victoria , SAMOSHKINA Iryna , RYBINA Larysa , SHUMKOVA Olena
Published: December 2020

The article substantiates the directions of improving a financial mechanism for managing the environmental innovation development of the Ukrainian economy. It presents an in-depth analysis of conceptual foundations of the formation of a system of principles, goals and criteria for ensuring the adequacy of a financial management mechanism with a special focus on the features of environmental innovation development. For optimal reallocation of a resource component, the necessity for systematic application of fiscal and credit management tools is justified. To ensure maximum growth of environmental innovation capacity of the economy the authors have improved a mechanism for developing an optimal set of target financing programs, analyzed the financial methods of managing the environmental innovation development of economy. The paper focuses on the nature and content of the concept “financial mechanism for managing the environmental innovation development of economy”, which is proposed to be understood as a system of actions of financial methods and levers on the basis of relevant legal, information and regulatory support aimed at the most efficient development of the environmental innovation capacity of economy through optimal reallocation of the resource component of this potential. This enables, on the basis of a systematic analysis of financial relations that originate from environmental innovation development, to determine the main directions of their transformation under the influence of changes in the financial management mechanism. The subject of the research is the economic relations that arise between state and local government bodies and business entities regarding the allocation and reallocation of financial resources in managing the environmental innovation development of economy. In order to achievie the goal of the article, the authors have used the general scientific and special methods of cognition, fundamental provisions of general economic theory, the theory of economic development, evolutionary economics, economics and finance of nature management.
JUSTIFICATION OF USING CROSSFIT TRAINING IN JUDO
Authors: Osipov A , Guralev V , Nagovitsyn R , Kapustin A , Kovyazina G
Published: December 2020

Aim. The paper aims to justify the use of CrossFit training for improving special physical fitness of judokas. Materials and methods. Male judokas aged from 19 to 20 years (n = 23) who have an experience of at least 6 years were engaged in CrossFit training for 12 weeks. Their physical fitness was assessed using the following methods: SJFT, blood lactate concentration, load test (60 Ippon-Seoi-Nage). The results obtained were compared with the data of recent scientific studies of domestic and foreign experts. Results. Significant (p < 0.05) differences in the results of special judoka tests after 12 weeks of CrossFit training were revealed. A significant decrease in the recovery time of athletes was found. Blood lactate concentration in athletes significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Conclusion. The results of the study prove the effectiveness of regular CrossFit training sessions for judokas. The positive dynamics of the results of special tests indicates an increase in special physical fitness of athletes.
The Association between Serum Malondialdehyde and Nitric Oxide Level of Children Living In Area of Chronic Pesticide Exposure
Authors: Parahita Astra , Hardaningsih Galuh , Soetadji Anindita
Published: December 2020

Background: Chronic exposure of organophosphate pesticides is an oxidative stress that causes liver and aortic damage. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a biological marker of oxidative damage to cell lipids membrane. The liver produces insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) which stimulates the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to produce vascular nitric oxide (NO). Children who are living in those area may be exposed to pesticide chronically. Objective: The study aims is to determine the relationship between serum MDA and NO level of children living in an area of chronic pesticide exposure.Method: Cross sectional study was conducted to 50 children aged between 8 – 10 years in agriculture areas of Brebes. Serum MDA and NO level was measured at the same time using ELISA method, data were shown on numerical scale. Statistical analysisby Pearson correlation.Result: Fifty children met the criteria, consisting of 30 males (60%) and 20 females (40%). The mean of serum MDA level in males, females, and total subjects were normal 6.03 (3.86) µg/ mL, 5.18 (2.11) µg/ mL, and 5.69 (2.60) µg/ mL, respectively. The mean of serum NO level in males, females, and total subjects were increased 79.42 (50.78) µmol/ L, 68.11 (50.81) µmol/ L, and 74.90 (50.58) µmol/ L, respectively. There was no association between serum MDA and NO level found.Conclusion: Serum NO level of children living in an area of chronic pesticide exposure was higher than normal value. However, there was no association between serum MDA and NO level found.