bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUSTAINABLE METHOD TO PREPARE NANOCELLULOSE WITH ENHANCED STABILITY AND STRUCTURAL UNIFORMITY BY USING DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS
Authors:   School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology,
Guangzhou 510006, China, WU FANGJI , HE WOHUA ,   School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China, HONG HAOQUN ,   School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology,
Guangzhou 510006, China, WEI TAO ,   School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology,
Guangzhou 510006, China
Published: February 2025

In this study, three different particle sizes of raw materials and four different acidities of deep eutectic solvents (DES) were used to prepare nanocellulose, aiming to find a combination that ensures high yield, good particle size distribution, stability, structural uniformity, and low energy consumption. The effect of DES acidity and feedstock particle size on the prepared nanocellulose was also discussed. The results showed that the greater the acidity of carboxylic acid DES, the smaller the effect of the raw material particle size variation on the yield, and the higher the yield of nanocellulose, the smaller its dimensions, the more uniform its particle size distribution, and the higher its crystallinity. The nanocellulose after this treatment also had carboxylation effects and different esterification due to the acidity differences of the deep eutectic solvent and the structural differences of raw materials. The nanocellulose obtained after these treatments had higher thermal decomposition response.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF BIRCH ETHANOL LIGNIN HYDROGENATION PRODUCTS ON RU/C CATALYST
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia, KAZACHENKO ALEKSANDR S. , AKMAN FERIDE ,   Vocational School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, University of Bingöl, Bingöl 12000, Turkey, MIROSHNIKOVA ANGELINA ,   Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia, SKRIPNIKOV ANDREY ,   Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia, LI XIAOMIN ,   Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia, SYCHEV VALENTIN V. ,   Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia, SELEZNEVA O. S. ,   Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50, bld. 24, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia, HOLIKULOV UTKIRJON ,   Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Samarkand State University, 15 University Blvd., Samarkand, 140104 Uzbekistan, ISSAOUI NOUREDDINE ,   Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics, Faculty of Sciences,
University Monastir, 5079 Tunisia, AL-DOSSARY OMAR M. ,   Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
Published: February 2025

Plant biomass is a valuable raw material for the production of important chemicals. Lignin depolymerization processes make it possible to obtain valuable aromatic substances. In this work, the aromatic products of birch ethanol lignin hydrogenation were studied. The lignin depolymerization process was carried out on a ruthenium catalyst, varying the oxidation temperature of the carbon carrier. The hydrogenation products were analyzed by GC, GC-MS and DFT. It was shown that the highest yield of monomeric methoxyphenols (about 11 wt%) was achieved using the 3% Ru/C(400) catalyst. Catalysts have a significant effect on the yield and composition of solid, liquid and gaseous products. Thus, the use of the most effective 3% Ru/C(400) catalyst increased the yield of monomeric methoxyphenols from 2.2 to 11.1 wt% compared to the non-catalytic experiment. The liquid products of birch ethanol lignin hydrogenation mainly consist of syringol derivatives, which were studied using density functional theory methods. Spectroscopic (FTIR and NMR) characteristics, HOMO-LUMO, Mulliken atomic charges, electronic parameters, MEP and ALIE were calculated. Optical softness, softness and maximum charge transfer index values increased with increasing chain length of the alkyl radical and the appearance of a double bond.
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION VIA DARK FERMENTATION:
A REVIEW OF INFLUENTIAL FACTORS
Authors:   Department of Renewable Energy and Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University,
Punjab 141004, India, SACHDEVA TAGGAR MONICA , KAUR AMANPREET ,   Department of Renewable Energy and Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University,
Punjab 141004, India, JAIN CHAHAK ,   Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab 141004, India, KALIA ANU ,   Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab 141004, India, SINGH SOOCH SARBJIT ,   Department of Renewable Energy and Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University,
Punjab 141004, India
Published: February 2025

Biohydrogen is a promising low-carbon energy source due to its high energy density, and emerging technologies have been studied to achieve highly efficient and competitive H2 production. The biological hydrogen production involves microbe-assisted bioconversion, either in the presence or in the absence of light, called photo-fermentation or dark fermentation, respectively. Biohydrogen production using fermentative conversion of organic carbon in the absence of light, i.e., dark fermentation, has gained great interest during the last few decades. The mechanistic understanding of various metabolic pathways involved in dark fermentative hydrogen production is well understood and reviewed here. Further, the hydrogen yield is affected by a number of factors during the fermentation of organic substrates by either pure or mixed microbial cultures, and some of the pertinent factors have been discussed in this review. This review aims to present the current state of knowledge on the dark fermentation process, focusing on the use of waste materials as substrates.
THERMOSENSITIVE SOL-GEL SYSTEM CONTAINING VANCOMYCIN-LOADED THIOMERIC NANOPARTICLES FOR ENHANCED PERMEATION ACROSS NASAL MEMBRANE
Authors:   Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan, TABASSUM SAMIA , SARWAR HAFIZ SHOAIB ,   Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, SAFRAZ MUHAMMAD ,   Al Ain University of Science, Al Ain Campus, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, QURESHI OMER SALMAN ,   Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan, JALIL AAMIR ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan, SAEED MUHAMMAD ASAD ,   Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, AMER MUHAMMAD ,   Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan, SOHAIL MUHAMMAD FARHAN ,   Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan, ZULCAIF ZULCAIF ,   Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan, JUNAID USMANI SYFYAN ,   Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan, MENAA FARID ,   "Departments of Internal Medicine and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego 92037, CA, USA"
Published: February 2025

During oral delivery, vancomycin (VAN) is prone to enzymatic degradation and therefore, an intra-nasal highly mucoadhesive system, having enhanced nasal residence time, is considered in this study as an alternative way for vancomycin delivery. It was aimed to develop highly mucoadhesive in-situ gelling nanoparticles (NPs) by combining two mucoadhesive technologies: i.e. thiolation and thermosetters for nasal delivery of vancomycin. For this purpose, thiolated chitosan was synthesized, and the degree of thiolation was determined via Ellman’s test. In the next step, vancomycin-loaded nanoparticles based on chitosan (CS-NP) and thiolated chitosan (TCS-NP-PL) were prepared and coated with 20% (w/w) solution of pluronic to form thiolated thermosensitive in-situ gelling systems. Nanoparticles were assessed for particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), morphology, gelling time, viscosity, swelling index, and gelling temperature. Likewise, CS-NP and TCS-NP-PL were evaluated for mucoadhesion, ex-vivo drug permeation across the nasal membrane, and in-vitro drug release. TCS-NP-PL showed gelation at 32 ± 0.5 °C in 45 ± 2 seconds. TCS-NP-PL showed a maximum mucoadhesion of up to 210 min. In vitro drug release studies revealed that CS-NP, TCS-NPs, and TCS-NPs-PL showed 55%, 54.6%, and 52.1% drug release, respectively, during 24 h. TCS-NP-PL exhibited 6.40-fold enhanced permeation across nasal mucosa, as compared to free drugs. TCS-NP-PL significantly increased nasal residence time and permeability of VAN, supporting the concept of combined use of thiolation and thermo in-situ gelling system for prolonged contact with nasal mucosa, providing increased transport across nasal membrane.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTASE PRODUCED FROM ASPERGILLUS NIGER USING SOLID STATE FERMENTATION
Authors:   Department of Botany, Government College University, Katchery Road, Lahore, Pakistan, MAHMOOD SHAHZAD , GHAFOOR SHAHID MEMUNA ,   Department of Botany, Government College University, Katchery Road, Lahore, Pakistan, NADEEM MUHAMMAD ,   Food and Biotechnology Research Centre (FBRC), Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan, NELOFER RUBINA ,   Food and Biotechnology Research Centre (FBRC), Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan, IRFAN MUHAMMAD ,   Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
Published: February 2025

The current research work was carried out to purify and characterize phytase. The enzyme was purified through precipitation of ammonium sulfate and gel filtration chromatography. The results revealed that, after all the purification steps, the maximum specific activity of 697 U/mg, 15.2 purification fold with 43% phytase yield was obtained. The result showed the appearance of only one band of purified phytase in SDS-PAGE, which indicates high purification of the enzyme and efficiency of the process used for purification. Phytase, after purification, showed a molecular weight of 45.7 kDa. After that, the characterization of the purified phytase was also conducted. The results exhibited that the enzyme was active optimally at pH 5 and 50 °C temperature for 10 min of the incubation period. Enzyme kinetics revealed that purified phytase exhibited Vmax and Km values of 1207.0 IU/mL and 0.5738 mg/mL, respectively, using Na-phytate as substrate. Phytase showed 98% and 86% thermostability at 50 °C and 60 °C, respectively, for 1 h of pre-incubation temperature treatment. The pH stability studies revealed that the enzyme retained 100% and 98% relative activity at pH 5 and 6, respectively. Ca2+ and Mg2+ showed positive effects, whereas Mn2+, Na+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ exhibited negative effects on phytase activity.
REMOVAL OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT USING THE S2O82-/UV PHOTOCATALYTIC PROCESS: OPTIMIZATION BY MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Authors:   Science Faculty, Environmental Chemistry Department,
Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, Chile, YEBER MARÍA C. , ZAMBRANO JENNIFER ,   Science Faculty, Environmental Chemistry Department,
Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, Chile
Published: February 2025

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are presented as a viable alternative for treating wastewater generated by the cellulose production industry, as these waters contain high concentrations of phenolic compounds and elevated levels of color, which are difficult to remove by conventional methods. AOPs require short treatment times and can lead to the mineralization of organic matter present in the wastewater. The oxidation process used in this study employs persulfate as the oxidant, which, when activated by UV radiation, generates sulphate radicals over a broad pH range (1 ≤ pH ≤ 10.5). The sulphate radical is a highly reactive species due to its high oxidation potential (E0 2.6-3.1 eV).
For process optimization, two experimental variables were studied: pH, ranging from 2.0 to 11.0, and persulfate concentration, ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 gL-1. An experimental design was constructed using a full factorial design with three levels, resulting in 15 experiments. The experimental design revealed an optimal response at pH 6.0 and 0.55 gL-1 of oxidant, determining that within 1 hour of treatment, it is possible to achieve a reduction of 87.8% in phenolic compounds, with a constant rate of 0.022 min-1 (R2=0.83) and EEO = 20 Kwh-1. At the same time, the COD was reduced by 90.5%, the TOC by 79%, and the color was 100% eliminated, while increasing the effluent’s bioavailability from 0.35 to 1.4 (p ≤ 0.001, 95% confidence).
The high bioavailability of the organic matter obtained after the treatment is an excellent outcome for the subsequent management of the usage of the treated water, whether it is for reuse in the industrial process itself, for irrigation purposes, or for return to the aquifer without causing environmental harm.
KINETIC AND ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES FOR REMOVAL OF TEXTILE DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS ON NUT SHELL ADSORBENT
Authors:   Chlef University, Hay Essalem, P.O. Box 151, 02000 Chlef, Algeria, YKHLEF LAIDANI , GHANIA HENINI ,   Chlef University, Hay Essalem, P.O. Box 151, 02000 Chlef, Algeria, SALAH HANINI ,   Medea University, LBMPT, Urban Pole, 26000 Medea, Algeria
Published: February 2025

In the present work, the objective has been to determine the potential of a natural residue material, namely, nut shells, for the removal of Methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions. Adsorption studies were carried out varying parameters, such as contact time, pH, initial concentration and temperature, in order to find the optimum ones. The results obtained showed that the nut shell adsorbent had an adsorption capacity of 16.44 mg/g for Methylene blue. The adsorption process was rapid and reached equilibrium in 20 min of contact at 45 °C and pH 6. Different adsorption models, namely, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Elovich ones, were examined for the description of the adsorption data, and it was found that the best fit of experimental data was achieved by the Langmuir model. Also, the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied to the experimental data. The experimental data fitted very well the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and followed the model of intraparticle diffusion (Kdif varied from 1.694 to 3.584 mg/(g min1/2) for concentrations between 30 and 70 mg/L, whereas diffusion was not the only rate-limiting step. The adsorption using the studied system (nut shells/Methylene blue) proved to be an exothermic and spontaneous process. The biosorbent was characterized by various techniques, including FT-IR and XRD.
DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM COMBINED PLASTIC WASTE FOR TREATING INDUSTRIAL PULP AND PAPER MILL EFFLUENT
Authors:   Avantha Centre for Industrial Research and Development,
Thapar Technology Campus, Patiala – 147 004, India, GUPTA VIPUL , BHARDWAJ NISHI K. ,   Avantha Centre for Industrial Research and Development,
Thapar Technology Campus, Patiala – 147 004, India, RAWAL RAVINDRA K. ,   Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University,
Mullana – 133 203, India
Published: February 2025

An adsorbent was prepared from combined plastic waste and characterized in comparison with commercial adsorbents. The adsorption study was carried out for elimination of lignin and colour from the EOP stream of a paper mill effluent by using activated carbon in 100 mL batch experiments. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were employed to analyze the adsorption isotherms and it was found that the Freundlich model could fit the data better than the Langmuir model. The value of constant ‘n’ was found to be >1, indicating the nature of adsorption is physical. The 𝑅𝐿 value ( 1) confirmed the favorability of the adsorption process. The removal efficiency of the developed adsorbent (AC-CPW) was found to be 82.7 ± 1.32% for lignin, and 94.5 ± 2.71% for colour, at 10 g/100 mL adsorbent dose. The results demonstrate that abundant plastic waste can be turned into an adsorbent to be used for removal of pollutants from highly contaminated EOP stream of paper mill effluents.
EFFECT OF HUMIC ACID AND MIXED HERBS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL VALUES ON GOATS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Dwatmadji  , T. Suteky  , E. Soetrisno
Published: February 2025

This study was aimed to determine the effect of mixed herbs and humic acid supplementation on the physiological status, haematological, and biochemical values of local goats in Indonesia. Twenty-four local goats 7-8 months old, were divided into four groups of six goats each. T0: herbs without humic acid, T1: herbs with 2-gram humic acid/goat T2: herbs and 4-gram humic acid/goat; T3: herbs and 6-gram humic acid/goat. The goats were fed grass and fermented oil palm. The result found that Orthogonal contrasts detect (P< 0.001) a significant influence of humic acid addition on respiration and heart rate, as well as HTC, with the amount of addition varying considerably during the 12.00 observation. There are no alterations in erythrocyte indices, leucocytes increase quantitatively with neutrophils rising significantly in line with the presence of humic acid. Humic acid lowers serum cholesterol while boosting protein levels in the blood. In summary, humic acid impacts physiological and haemato-biochemical parameter of local goats in Indonesia.
CORRELATION OF VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TO COFFEE LEAF RUST DISEASE AND ITS NATURAL CONTROL
Authors: Nur Kholida  , Nur Prihatiningsih  , Endang Mugiastuti  , Endang Mugiastuti  , Siti Nurchasanah
Published: February 2025

Climate is an important factor in the development of plant diseases. to be able to avoid yield loss due to disease explosion, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study of climatic factors as a direct and indirect influence. one that can be done is weather data-based forecasting.  This method can determine and estimate the likelihood of disease outbreaks in a certain period. In addition, disease forecasting can act as prevention due to pathogen attacks so as to avoid damage and yield loss and maintain the ecosystem of antagonistic fungi in the coffee ecosystem. Agro ecosystem management can encourage the development of antagonistic fungi as pathogen biological agents. Akanthomyces sp. species are widely reported as entomopathogenic fungi. In Indonesia, Akanthomyces sp. was found to be associated with Arabica coffee leaf rust disease. This study was conducted in seven coffee plantation locations in Kalibening District, Banjarnegara Regency, Indonesia. This study detected environmental factors affecting the development of Hemileia vastatrix, predicted its population and determined the antagonistic fungus associated with H. vastatrix, namely Akanthomyces sp. TBK2, by molecular detection.
EVALUATION OF STABILITY PARAMETERS FOR COMPOSTING OF SOLID WASTE PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOST
Authors: Hussein N. Abd  , Hussein M. Flayeh
Published: February 2025

The compost product enhances soil quality, lowers erosion, and aids in the reduction of plant diseases without having a negative influence on the environment. The possibility for compost recovery from organic waste, fruit waste, agricultural residues, domestic garbage, and animal manure was examined in this study. These wastes are composted in a five-week aerobic -pile composting process. The temperature, pH, moisture, electrical conductivity, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N-ratio), nitrification index (NH4-N/NO3-N), and NPK (Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium( value of the finished compost were all measured both during and after the composting process. These physio-chemical characteristics and parameters that affected the composting process included temp., pH, moisture, and electrical conductivity.The results revealed long - term negative impacts characteristics for moisture content, electrical conductivity (reached 1.5-2.34 dS/cm), total organic carbon, C/N ratio (reached 17.3-13.5), and increase in nitrogen content per unit material for the more, with composting time the nitrification index NH4+/NO3-ratio decreased by less than 0.5, as with overall increasing PH profiles. pH-value varying from (4–8) during the composting process, and GI values greater than 90 at the conclusion of the composting period. The bio-pile R3 was found to be the most helpful for composting, according to the data. It maintained the highest temperature for the longest period of time (52–60 oC), then gradually dropped to ambient temperature, which is seen as a sign that the composting process had ended and the finished compost was a mature and stable product.
IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION IN MICE IMMUNIZED WITH FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VACCINE
Authors: Sura A. Radam
Published: February 2025

The present study was carried out to investigate immunopathological effect of foot and mouth disease vaccine against nosocomial infections, to achieve this goal different samples obtained from urine of hospitalized patient, the isolated bacteria were identified by cultural examination,  biochemical tests PCR. Twenty-four  mice were divided equally into three groups. The 1st  group 8 mice  were immunized I/M with 0.1 ml of FMD vaccine, two dose with 14 days intervals, 2nd group 8 mice was inoculated I/P with 0.5 from 3x108 CFU/ml while 3rd  group was inoculated 0.2 ml of phosphate buffer saline and served as control negative. At 27-30  days post immunization, cellular immune response was done by DTH and 3 mice from each mentioned groups were sacrificed for measuring IgG titer then all the remained animals were injected I/P with 0.5 ml from infections dose3x108 CFU/ml. Post mortem examination was made at 3 days post infections and specimen of liver, kidney, lung and spleen were fixed with 10 % formalin for histopathological study. The result of skin test showed that the mean values of skin thickness against FMD vaccine at 24 hr. was 3.47 mm then increase to 4.66  at 48 hr. The result expressed high value of AB titer against FMD vaccine 2778.66 compared with control group recorded heavy bacterial growth recorded in the infected group with sever histological lesion characterized by suppurative granuloma in liver with lymphoid depletion in splenic tissue together with renal tubules degeneration while the main histopathogical findings of immunized groups revealed multiple MNCs infiltration with mature granuloma in liver and lung together with mild or absent bacterial growth. The result concluded that FMD vaccine reduce the infection in the immunized mice and enhance protective immune response against experimental murine bacterial infection.
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DUHOK WATERSHED
Authors: Ghariba Y. H.  , J. I. Salim  , H. S. Mohammad Ali
Published: February 2025

This study was aimed to obtain morphometric parameters of Duhok watershed evaluated through three aspects. The area was located at Duhok governorate with covers 394.87Km2. Depending on stream orders, ten of sub-watersheds were extracted from the main watershed. Furthermore, Duhok watershed stream orders ranged from 1 to 6, as well as the total number of segmented stream reported for the total number of orders was (4175). The results of the current study indicate the Duhok watershed has a high relief ratio (0.026 m/km) and relative relief (0.95) which refers to steep slopes and excessive runoff. The ruggedness value is (4.09) indicates the study region is rugged with high density of streams also the low value of hypsometric integral (0.37) indicates the mature stage of watershed age. However, the watershed's flatter flow regime and elongated shape are confirmed by the values of form factor (0.23), elongation ratio (0.54), and circulation ratio (0.40). The watershed mean bifurcation ratio is 4.13, indicating significant structural disruption, while the value of stream frequency (10.69 streams/km2) suggests dense surface runoff and steeper topography. a very fine drainage texture (37.66) which leads to a higher risk of erosion. The findings of this study will be valuable in watershed management, water resources and protecting the environment in the future.
SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE OF DENGUE USING THE EXPONENTIALLY WEIGHTED MOVING AVERAGE IN THE DISTRICT OF WESTERN MAHARASHTRA
Authors: Mulaje Sanjay Mallinath , Zombade Digambar Mahadev
Published: February 2025

Background: Public health officials require the immediate identification of dengue outbreaks. This study sought to
evaluate the efficacy of the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) in identifying dengue outbreaks.
Methods: The EWMA algorithms were utilized on daily dengue case counts to identify actual outbreaks in western
Maharashtra, India, from January 2018 to December 2022. The EWMA model values were calculated for λ ranging from
0.1 to 0.9, and the Upper Control Limit (UCL) was determined for each EWMA model with a fixed k of 2 and σ equal to 1.
The efficacy of EWMA models was evaluated through Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative
Predictive Value, False Positive Rate, and False Negative Rate. Of the various algorithms, EWMA wit Results: h λ= 0.9
exhibited the most effective performance in detecting outbreaks from 2018 to 2022. The EWMA 9 (λ = 0.9) attains the
optimal equilibrium among EWMA 1 to EWMA 9, exhibiting a sensitivity of 80.2%, specificity of 100%, positive
predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 90.9%. Using different EWMA settings ( Conclusion: λ and σ)
showed that models with higher smoothing parameters EWMA 9, had improved sensitivity and specificity.
FLOW THROUGH VENTURIMETER
Authors: Alkateb Ezadin B Farhat
Published: February 2025

This experiment focuses on fluid flow measurement using a Venturi meter, emphasizing its application in determining
flow rates accurately across industrial systems. The Venturi meter operates by channeling fluid through a constricted
section, creating a measurable pressure drop as velocity increases at the throat. Key objectives of the experiment are to
derive the discharge coefficient (Cd) from empirical data and to analyze the relationship between Reynolds number and
Cd , providing insight into the performance of the Venturi meter under varying flow conditions. The setup includes a
closed-loop water system with a Venturi meter, orifice plate, and rotameter, each equipped with pressure taps for
measuring differentials across the devices. Using Bernoulli's equation, theoretical flow rates are calculated and
compared to actual measurements obtained by catch-tank and stopwatch methods, which serve as the control standard.
Additionally, energy losses incurred across pipeline components, including elbows and rapid expansions, are assessed,
illustrating how different devices impact fluid dynamics. This experiment reinforces fundamental fluid mechanics
concepts and demonstrates how Venturi meters enable precise flow measurement in industrial settings, underscoring
the importance of calibration and measurement accuracy. The results validate the reliability of the Venturi meter and
deepen understanding of practical flow measurement technologies essential in engineering applications.
THE EFFECT OF THE KHMER ROUGE REGIME ON THE CAMBODIAN SOCIETY
Authors: Dutta Richa , Kumar Pawan
Published: February 2025

Through this paper,I would like to highlight the impact that the regime of Khmer Rouge had on the people of Cambodian
Society and how they were displaced,destroyed,and devastated as they had to leave their homes and livelihood behind
and live as refugees in their land.The issues that are focused upon in this paper are multi-dimensional as they focus on
the society's economic,political,social,and overall well-being.
BLOOD STREAM INFECTIONS AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN KONASEEMA DISTRICT OF COASTAL ANDHRA PRADESH.
Authors: Prakash D.S.R.S. , Mohan S. Murali , Chandrakala B. Preethi
Published: February 2025

In the present paper an attempt has been made to blood stream infection (BSI) is a major public health burden
worldwide, with high mortality. Patient outcome is critically influenced by delayed therapy, and fast and accurate
pathogen diagnostics decisively improves the care of patients. During the past two decades' major improvements have
been made in the diagnostic performance of blood culture diagnostics through actions on pre-analysis and time to result
Konaseema ecological zone of Amalapuram Mandal of West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh.
Sepsis Management in Medical-Surgical Nursing: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: V Sukanya, , S Neetha Dalvi, , N Renukadevi, D.
Published: February 2025

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition resulting from an extreme immune response to infection, leading to organ dysfunction and high mortality rates. Early identification and timely intervention are crucial for improving patient outcomes. This review explores evidence-based strategies in sepsis management, including early recognition, fluid resuscitation, antimicrobial therapy, hemodynamic support, and nursing interventions. The role of a multidisciplinary healthcare team in sepsis care is also highlighted, emphasizing the importance of adherence to international guidelines such as the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Strengthening nursing protocols and adopting advanced monitoring techniques can significantly reduce sepsis-related morbidity and mortality.
Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Treated with Two-Phase Orthodontic Approach
Authors: Qalalwa Mahmoud , Hmida Houssem , Madhi Nadia , Amor Wiem Ben , Dallel Ines , Tobji Samir , Amor Adel Ben
Published: February 2025

Improving facial aesthetics is a major reason why patients with class II division 1 malocclusion look for orthodontic therapy. Two-phase approach that includes functional jaw orthopaedics as well as fixed orthodontic treatment is one of various techniques available to treat Class II malocclusions. The following case report describes a young growing female patient with a Class II Division 1 malocclusion. In the first stage, the patient was treated using Andresen activator for growth modification and correction of her overjet, overbite and profile. Then, fixed orthodontic appliance was used in the second phase, to ensure well-aligned arches and improve aesthetic and function.
Legal Protection for Creditors as Winners in Courts not Accompanied by Collateral Confiscation
Authors: Soemarto Elfan C. , Ghufron M. , Wisnuwardhani Diah Aju
Published: February 2025

This article examines and analyzes the trial process in court, particularly in cases of breach of contract or default. The research method used is normative legal research, which studies and analyzes Decision No. 224/Pdt.G/2021/PN.MLG concerning debtor default and legal protection for creditors who obtain a favorable court ruling against a defaulting debtor but without the enforcement of a security seizure (conservatoire beslag). The results indicate that the panel of judges, in their considerations, applied fair and balanced legal principles by ruling that the defendant was in default. However, the request for security seizure was denied due to the absence of urgent grounds for such an action. To protect the interests of the plaintiff or creditor, the execution process of the court ruling can be pursued, whereby the relevant court will issue a warning (Aanmaning) to the debtor or defendant to voluntarily comply with the ruling. If this effort fails, the court will enforce an execution seizure on the defendant's or debtor's assets. These assets will then be auctioned, and the proceeds will be used to settle the defendant's obligations fully.
Effect of Hydro-Methanolic Leaf Extract of Justicia carnea on some Haematological Parameters of Indomethacin Treated Wistar Rats
Authors: Ikiriko Adokiye , Uranta Miriam Nengi , Eifuobhokhan Joy , Charles Christian , Obia Onyebuchi , Okari Karibo Amakiri
Published: February 2025

The use of plant-based natural products as medicine is a common practice in low income countries. In cultures Justicia carnea (JC) is mainly cultivated because of its perceived hematinic effect. The study involved a total of twenty-five wistar rats separated into five groups of five rats each. Group 1 served as control and received distilled water. Groups 2 to 5 received respectively a single oral dose of 30mg/kg indomethacin (Sabiu et al., 2015). While group 2 remained untreated (Indomethacin-only group), groups 3, 4 and 5 respectively received in addition 200mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg of JC leaf extract for 14 days. The results showed that at lower concentrations (200mg/kg and 500mg/kg) there were no significant changes in the measured hematological parameters. The 1000mg/kg JC caused significant rise in red blood cell count, packed cell volume and lymphocytes but depressed neutrophils without any significant effects on the platelet count. Conclusively, consumption of high concentrations of Justicia carnea leaves improves red blood cell count and thus possibly ameliorates indomethacin induced anemia in wistar rats. Although, JC leaves did not cause any significant changes in the platelet count, it significantly reduced neutrophils and elevated lymphocytes.
From Awareness to Barriers of Reporting Prevalence and Forms of Gender Based Violence among Adolescents in Conflict Settings
Authors: Ajibade Victoria Seun , Akafa Tensaba Andes , Oladele Gloria Omonefe , John Artu Ishishen , Ngbede Ocheifa Matthew
Published: February 2025

Background: The WHO highlights that barriers to reporting GBV include fear of stigma, lack of confidence in justice systems, and inadequate support service. Cultural norms and inadequate legal protections further hinder GBV reporting and support in this setting. Gender-based violence is a threat to public health and affects women and girls in different ways and forms. Women and girls around the world are often the targets — either directly or caught in the crossfire of inter-communal violence. They also bear the brunt of economic pressures through displacement, loss of livelihood, and property destruction, or the loss of household breadwinners because of the violence. This study delved from awareness to barriers of reporting prevalence and forms of gender based violence among adolescents in conflict settings of Southern Kaduna. Methodology: The research utilizes a cross-sectional design with simple random and convenient sampling technique among adolescents who were chosen from secondary schools, community, churches, mosques, and youth clubs at a particular time providing a snapshot of forms of gender-based violence among adolescents in conflict areas using Zangon-Kataf. Data were amassed via structured questionnaires, analyzed using SPSS. Results: Findings were presented through percentages in tables. Results revealed that a majority of adolescents or respondents reported having experienced GBV at some point in their lives. The findings of this study underscore that while a certain percentage of respondents reported not experiencing GBV in the past year, a significant proportion experienced it rarely, occasionally, or frequently. This suggests that GBV is an ongoing issue in the community, with many individuals experiencing repeated instances of violence. Furthermore, the study disclosed that the community was identified as the most frequent location for GBV incidents, followed by the workplace and home. In addition, physical violence was cited as the most ....
PENGENALAN TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR BERSIH SEDERHANA DI TIBAN KAMPUNG, KECAMATAN SEKUPANG
Authors: Hafidz Moh , Pattasang Pattasang , Anwar Anwar , Razak Abd , Jamal Siti Aisyah , Susanti Andi Hepy
Published: February 2025

Akses terhadap air bersih yang layak masih menjadi tantangan bagi masyarakat di Tiban Kampung, Kecamatan Sekupang. Program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan warga dalam mengolah air bersih menggunakan teknologi sederhana. Kegiatan dilakukan melalui metode ceramah, tanya jawab, dan praktik langsung pembuatan sistem penyaringan air sederhana.Hasil program menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman peserta sebesar 85%, dengan 70% peserta mampu membuat sistem penyaringan air secara mandiri. Selain itu, terbentuknya kelompok kerja masyarakat menjadi langkah strategis dalam memastikan keberlanjutan penerapan teknologi pengolahan air di lingkungan mereka. Dengan tingkat kepuasan peserta mencapai 90%, program ini terbukti memberikan manfaat nyata dan diharapkan dapat direplikasi di wilayah lain yang menghadapi permasalahan serupa.
Analisis Yuridis Pembuktian Sengketa Transfer Pricing
Authors: Arrisman Arrisman , Fauzi Ahmad
Published: February 2025

This research is about the juridical analysis of the proof of transfer pricing disputes with an example of the case of the Tax Court decision No.Put.74576/PP/M.IB/15/2016. The ruling granted an appeal filed by PT HI, a foreign investment company from Japan. Transfer Pricing or TP occurs in transactions involving "Taxpayers with parties who have a special relationship" (affiliates) based on Article 18 of the Income Tax Law. Taxpayers with affiliated transactions are required to fill in the information and method of testing TP on the Corporate Income Tax Return based on TP documentation. In the case of PT HI, the Director General of Taxes checks import purchase transactions from affiliates using the method listed in the Corporate Income Tax Return of PT HI. PT HI fills in the information of affiliate transactions in the Corporate Income Tax Return not based on TP documentation. PT HI makes TP documentation, and submits it to the tax office during the objection process. At the objection stage, the DGT rejected the objection submitted by PT HI. PT HI then appealed to the Tax Court. In its decision, the Tax Court granted the appeal and canceled the DGT's correction to the import purchase cost. This study aims to find out and analyze the efforts of the Panel of Judges at the Tax Court to obtain material truth in making decisions by referring to the theory of free proof. This study uses a normative juridical research method because it focuses on literature research which essentially examines legal principles, legal systematics, and legal synchronization by analyzing them. The results of the study show that the Tax Court with the principle of free proof obtains material truth by digging up legal facts from affiliate transactions.
THE DESIGN OF THE SEEDING MACHINE WITH A MODIFIED SHAPE OF THE GROOVE PROFILE OF THE SECTIONAL ROLLER FOR SOWING GRAIN SEEDS
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", SURKOV I.A. , LARYUSHIN N.P. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", SHUKOV A.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", KIRYUKHINA T.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Published: February 2025

The operational process of sowing seeds of both grain and leguminous crops imposes a number of strict requirements not only on the designs of sowing machines, but also to the parameters of their operation. Currently, mechanical seeding machines have become widespread, among which roller type devices are the most common [1], however, despite their main advantages, such as simplicity of design and low cost of production, they have a number of disadvantages. When working with roller devices, the following problems often arise: unsatisfactory layout of the seed material along the length of the row (uneven sowing pitch), instability of the general seeding rate and injury to the seed material, as a result of which all this will lead to an increase in seed consumption and a decrease in their germination. To eliminate the mentioned above disadvantages, scientists and engineers are working on improvement of the technological process of seeding and the designs of seeding machines. One of the most promising areas of improvement of the seeding machine is to change the profile of the grooves of sectional rollers. The article describes a designed seeding machine with a modified shape of the groove profile of the sectional roller. This seeding machine is designed for sowing seeds of grain and leguminous crops by the example of seeds of soft winter wheat of the cultivar Fotinya. The functional diagram of the operation of this sowing machine is based on the fact that the modified shape of the groove provides a more uniform layout of seeds along the length of the ridge. The use of a modified shape of the roller groove leads to an increase in the consistancy of the overall seeding rate and a decrease in the injury rate of the seed material.
ECOLOGICAL VALENCE OF WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MANUKYAN I.R.
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study is to determine the productivity potential of the studied cultivars of winter wheat according to the parameters of ecological valence. The variation of the grain weight per ear indicator in a cultivar ranged from 9.4% (Nureke) to 26.0% (Homer). Significant plasticity of a trait depending on external factors was the distinct feature of the cultivars Lilith (25.0), Homer (26.0). The coefficient of adaptability (CA) was higher than 100% in cultivars Avalanche, Cobra, Bagrat, Kapitan, Adele, Don 107. According to the linearity regression coefficient or ecological valence, the cultivars Cobra and Bagratwere were highly responsive to improving growing conditions (bi ≥ 1). Cultivars that react poorly to changes in growing conditions (bi < 1) include Avalanche, Homer, Lilith, Izuminka, Kapitan, Adele, Nureke, Don 107. They are more effective when cultivated on autumn ploughed soils as their yield was reduced to a lesser extent compared to intensive cultivars. The cultivars that were identified with the maximum manifestation of the sign of drought resistance (MSTI) were Cobra – 2.4, Kapitan – 1.9, Bagrat – 1.4, Nureke – 1.4, Don 107 – 1.2. According to the plant productivity index, the Cobra cultivar stood out – 9.3. In other cultivars, the index values ranged from 3.7 (Nureke) to 7.7 (Lilith). A smaller sum of ranks when using most evaluation methods was obtained for the cultivars Cobra, Bagrat, Adele, Lilith (the sum of ranks from 10 to 24). These cultivars are characterized by resistance to varying growing conditions and are able to form high productivity in contrasting climatic conditions. Winter soft wheat cultivars with high overall adaptive ability, resistance to stressors and high productivity include: Cobra, Bagrat, Adele, Lilith, which can serve as sources of economically useful traits and be used in the breeding process.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LAND UTILIZATION IN PENZA REGION
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", POZUBENKOVA E.I. , GURYANOVA N.M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", STAROSTINA E.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Published: February 2025

The article considers matters of current interest of agricultural land utilization in terms of regulations of the Russian Federation. The organizational and economic assessment of agricultural land utilization directly affects the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the effectiveness of the utilization. The article presents the material on the size and dynamics of the total land area in the country, as well as the structure of the land distribution in the Penza region by category. Using the comparative and analytical method to analyze the distribution of agricultural land by land categories, it can be noted that the region has the most favorable conditions for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy, since the largest share in the whole region falls on arable land. The issues of reproduction of land fertility by applying mineral and organic fertilizers for crop yields in large, medium and small agricultural organizations of the Penza region are considered. The main problems determining the artificial fertility of lands have been identified, namely, the annual decrease in the use of mineral and organic fertilizers for agricultural crops per 1 hectare of sowing, which directly affects the deterioration of the nutrient balance. The effectiveness of the system of reproduction and use of agricultural land is determined by a number of indicators: crop yield, gross harvest, soil bonitet. As a result of analytical activity, positive and negative aspects have been identified and the main ways to increase the economic efficiency of agricultural land utilization have been identified.
Study of the aerial photography images defects due to the influence of turbulent air flows in area of the aircraft hemispherical optical head
Authors:   Alieva G.V. Guseynov O.A. Barkov A.N. Kurasova YU.YU.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the assessment of images defects due to the influence of turbulent air flows in area of the hemispherical optical head during aerial photography by using aircraft. Two optimization problems to determine specific types of newly introduced mode functional dependencies are formulated and solved. By imposing integral constraints on these functions, the problem of determining these function types at which the optical signal at the input of the head receiver reaches an extreme value due to the aero-optical effect is solved. The use of the well-known method of unconditional variational optimization allow to determine the specific type of the specified functions, at which this signal can reach its maximum value.

Keywords
image defect, aerial photography, optimization, stereo pair, hemispherical head
Application of artificial neural networks in integrated INS/GNSS navigation system: a review of prospective research
Authors:   SHenjen Jao Lukyanov V.V.
Published: February 2025

Integration of inertial navigation systems (INS) and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) has become an important approach to achieve accurate and reliable navigation solutions. In recent years, considerable attention is paid to the application of artificial neural networks in integrated INS/GNSS navigation systems. The latest achievements in the field of application of artificial neural networks in the integrated INS/ GNSS navigation system with an assessment of their impact on the accuracy, stability and reliability of navigation are considered.

Keywords
inertial navigation system, global navigation satellite system, integrated navigation, artificial neural network, Kalman filter, fusion algorithm