bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro bond strength of cements to treated teeth
Authors: Barakat Mohamed M. , Powers John M.
Published: May 2009

Adhesive bond strengths of glass ionomer and polycarboxylate cements to human enamel and dentine were measured in vitro on untreated surfaces and on surfaces treated with cement liquid or polyacrylic acid, ferric oxalate, and ferric chloride. The bond strengths of two cements to enamel and dentine were increased by as much as 183 per cent by the use of surface treatments of polyacrylic acid and ferric oxalate.
Poly dental addiction
Authors: Goss Alastair N.
Published: May 2009

Poly dental addiction is a psychiatric condition characterized by patients insistently and repeatedly undergoing dental treatment where no organic pathology can be demonstrated and treatment consistently fails to alleviate their symptoms. In this paper two such cases are presented. One patient had multiple extractions and numerous surgical explorations for facial pain and the other had more than thirty dentures constructed over a four‐year period for a burning mouth.
The determination of the mineral content of the alveolus by non‐invasive methods: a preliminary report
Authors: Johnson Kenneth
Published: May 2009

Experiments using an indirect densitometry technique are detailed and disadvantages discussed. An alternative technique using photon absorptiometry is described and its use in the measurement of the mineral content of the mandibular alveolus reported.
Anisotropic setting expansion of phosphate bonded investment
Authors: Junner R. E. , Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

Vertical and horizontal setting expansion was measured under different conditions of horizontal restrictive stress provided by a rigid ring with liners and a flexible ring of rubber dam material. Vertical expansion was significantly greater than horizontal expansion in the rigid ring and not significantly different in the flexible ring. The use of a flexible ring offering little or no restriction to horizontal expansion is recommended to reduce mould distortion.
Attaining mandibular stability following repositioning splint therapy. Case report
Authors: Clausen Gerard F. , Sutherland Peter G.
Published: May 2009

To maintain the stable temporomandibular joint configuration attained by appliance therapy for cases of anterior meniscal displacement, a stable occlusion is required. A number of treatment modalities can achieve the desired result, but may involve complex orthodontics, orthosurgical, or restorative techniques. This report presents the treatment options, and discusses a simple, non‐restorative approach that is useful in selected cases.
Steroid‐induced anterior open bite. Case report
Authors: Acton Caroline H. C.
Published: May 2009

A young man presented with an increasing anterior open bite due to severe erosion and eventual collapse of the mandibular condyles. He had been undergoing immunosuppressive treatment, including high dose prednisolone, to treat the rejection of his renal transplant originally, and subsequently in connection with his mitral valve replacement following infective endocarditis. He also suffered severe secondary hyperparathyroid bone disease. A search of the English language literature failed to find a similar case.
Radiographic localization techniques*
Authors: Keur J. J.
Published: May 2009

Three commonly used techniques to determine the relative position of pathological lesions in the horizontal plane are reviewed as far as accuracy and radiation safety are concerned.
Fifty years of dental education in Queensland*
Authors: Adkins K. F.
Published: May 2009

This Address was delivered at the 24th Australian Dental Association Congress in May 1985 as a tribute to the Golden Jubilee of the Faculty of Dentistry in the University of Queensland. The roles of the six Deans are acknowledged. The progressive acquisition and development of physical facilities, the productivity of the school in terms of graduates and its contributions to knowledge through research and scholarly publications are reviewed, and an optimistic glance is cast at the future.
Drug‐induced palatal pigmentation
Authors: McAllan L. H. , Adkins K. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Palatal pigmentations are rare in children. Four cases of palatal pigmentation associated with the prescribed use of the drug amodiaquine are tabulated and two are reported in detail. The wider clinical application of this anti‐malarial drug and the potential for drug‐induced palatal pigmentations are of dental interest. The pigmentation persists for an indefinite period after withdrawal of the drug.
Root Resorption
Authors: Feiglin Barry
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Over the past years a great deal of work has been done in the field of tooth root resorption but notwithstanding this, understanding of the subject has progressed very little. This paper reviews the subject and suggests ways of minimizing root resorption or perhaps even eliminating it.
Dental panoramic radiography with intra‐oral X‐ray tubes
Authors: Keur J. J. , Macdonald R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Relative dosages administered to patients through intra‐oral tube radiography and panoramic tomography are compared. Properties and resulting indications for intra‐oral tube radiography are discussed.
Herpes simplex and hepatitis B infections and general practice*
Authors: Barrett A. P.
Published: May 2009

Recently there has been an increasing demand placed upon the dental profession to address the problem of viral disease transmission. Viral diseases currently of increasing concern to the medical and dental profession are those caused by the herpes simplex and hepatitis B viruses and the virus responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The importance of these infections to the profession, and the management of patients who may be infectious, are placed in perspective.
Thermal diffusivity of dental cements*
Authors: Baffa O. , Mielnik J. , Panzeri H. , Vinha D.
Published: May 2009

A transient method for measuring the thermal diffusivity of disc‐shaped specimens of dental cements is presented. Results obtained with this method for 14 brands of cements are in the range of 1.22–2.93 × 10−7m2s−1
The rural dental scheme in the Orana and Far West Health Region of New South Wales
Authors: Cooper M. H. , Wright N. T.
Published: May 2009

A treatment delivery service based on private dental practice for pensioners and necessitous persons resident in rural areas is described and results after 13 months operation presented.
A method of intra‐oral measurements of force produced in the ‘tissue pressure technique’
Authors: Easthope D. W.
Published: May 2009

The ‘tissue pressure technique’ is a method of treatment to move pre‐eruptively some palatallylying teeth into their normal position in the arch. This report describes the equipment and procedure to measure the force applied to the palate to produce this movement.
Survey of dental school policies on the management of patients with hepatitis B or AIDS
Authors: Monsour P. A. , Kruger B. J.
Published: May 2009

A survey was conducted of dental school Deans in 18 different countries to determine dental school policy on hepatitis B and AIDS. Almost one‐third of the dental schools do not have a policy recommending that clinical staff and students be immunized against hepatitis B. Some 18 dental schools had no procedure for screening patients for hepatitis B, and only 13 per cent of dental schools were actively screening patients in high risk groups for AIDS. The article provides details on the handling of patients who have or are suspected of having hepatitis B or AIDS.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a perspective*
Authors: Barrett A. P. , Cunningham A. L.
Published: May 2009

Infection by the Human T‐Lymphotropic Virus Type III (HTLV‐III) may lead to the devastating and ultimately fatal disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). As the virus is transmitted in similar ways to the hepatitis B virus, concern has developed within the dental profession regarding the possibility of clinicians acquiring AIDS through treatment of infected patients. This paper aims to place the significance of HTLV‐III infection to dental practice in perspective.
The effects of stress release in indices of mandibular dysfunction
Authors: Dettmar D. M. , L'Estrange P. R.
Published: May 2009

The present investigation examined two groups of 25 people in terms of indices of gnathic dysfunction. The experimental group was experienced in profound stress release methods. The control group, matched for age, sex, and standing teeth had no experience in these methods. Significant differences between the groups in the indices of gnathic dysfunction supported previous authors' works on the role of stress as an aetiological factor in the production of temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
Dental aspects of child abuse: review and case reports
Authors: Symons Anne L. , Rowe Paul V. , Romaniuk K.
Published: May 2009

Child abuse is an unfortunate widespread social disorder that is only now coming to notice. The aetiology, consequences for the victim and clinical manifestations of child abuse are reviewed, and case histories of three very different forms of child abuse are presented. A case of suspected physical abuse, confirmed physical abuse which resulted in death, and a rare case of emotional and socio‐cultural deprivation are described. A large number of child abuse victims, as many as 65 per cent, suffer facial and head injuries that would readily be apparent to dentists. However, there is an apparent lack of awareness by dentists as revealed by their low rate of reporting to authorities. The features or patterns of abuse that may alert dentists to the possibility of child abuse should become general knowledge to dentists so they may help remedy this disorder.
The Brisbane Statistical Division Survey of Adult Dental Health 1984. 1. Design of survey and subject response
Authors: Powell R. N. , McEniery T. M.
Published: May 2009

A survey of adult dental health and attitudes to dental care was undertaken in the Brisbane Statistical Division in May‐June 1984. Using examiners and recorders from the Division of Dental Services Queensland Department of Health, and from members of the Australian Dental Association Queensland Branch, 1504 clinical examinations were carried out and a further 187 subjects (1691 in all) completed the sociological questionnaire. All age groups 15 years and above were included in the subject sample.
Endodontic awareness amongst general practitioners in Victoria. A postal survey
Authors: Feiglin Barry , Harcourt John K.
Published: May 2009

A postal survey of general practitioner dentists in Victoria revealed that approximately 30 per cent carried out only simple endodontic therapy in anterior teeth; and 52 per cent used a sterile approach in that they used rubber dam and sterile instruments. Most respondents filled the root canal using a master cone technique. It is suggested that action be taken to interest the 30 per cent of the dentist population mentioned above in carrying out endodontics in posterior teeth.
Odontomes and their behaviour: a review
Authors: Acton Caroline H. C. , Savage N. W.
Published: May 2009

The borderline between hamartoma and neoplasia is indistinct, as demonstrated by the compound odontome, the complex odontome, the ameloblastic fibro‐odontome, the ameloblastic fibroma and ameloblastic odontosarcoma. All can present with similar clinical findings and similar radiographic findings; thus histological examination of all specimens is recommended.
Survey of Dental Health Week in Queensland 1985 and 1986
Authors: Ryan Peter Clark , Seymour Gregory J.
Published: May 2009

A survey of public dental patients and Queensland dentists was performed to gauge the response to the 1985 and 1986 national Dental Health Week (DHW) promotions. The theme for DHW 1985 was ‘Interdental cleaning’ and the official slogan was ‘Clean between’ The 1986 slogan was ‘A lovely smile makes it all worthwhile’. Of the public patients surveyed in 1985, 48.1 per cent knew the dates of DHW, none knew the slogan and only 5.1 per cent were familiar with the theme. Of those aware of DHW, the majority (34.1 per cent) learnt about DHW through television. The 1986 results followed a similar pattern, although the responses indicated the campaign had less impact, as only 32.8 per cent knew the dates of DHW and 4.4 per cent of the public knew the slogan. In both years approximately one‐third to one‐half of the public thought that DHW made them more aware of their oral health. Of the dentists surveyed, about half believed that DHW increased public awareness of dental health although only 1.9 per cent (1985) and 14.9 per cent (1986) thought that more patients visited them as a result. In both years the majority of dentists (>80 per cent) thought that DHW should continue but less than half thought that it should continue in its present format.
The effects of surface roughness and surface area on the retention of crowns luted with zinc phosphate cement
Authors: Darveniza M. , Basford K. E. , Meek J. , Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

The retention of cast gold crowns luted with zinc phosphate cement to smooth and rough surfaced extracted teeth was examined. No significant difference in retention was observed between smooth and rough surfaced teeth. A significant linear association existed between the surface area of the teeth tested and the retentive force but, statistically, area could not be used as a useful predictor for crown retention.
The dental health and treatment needs of middle‐aged and older patients attending 21 general dental practitioners in South Australia
Authors: Mount Graham , Walker Brian , Roder David
Published: May 2009

Data from routine examinations of 497 45–89 year‐old patients attending 21 South Australian general dental practitioners indicated that these patients had a mean of 18.7 teeth, 1.3 teeth with carious lesions, and 10.1 teeth with restorations and sound. Nine per cent of patients were edentulous. Of the dentate, 66 per cent had calculus, 49 per cent had gingivitis, and 32 per cent had periodontal pockets ≥4 mm. The percentage of all patients needing specific services was: (1) any service, 89 per cent; (2) a prophylaxis, 66 per cent; (3) restorative care, 61 per cent; (4) root canal therapy, 7 per cent; (5) root planing, curettage, or periodontal surgery, 18 per cent; (6) an extraction, 17 per cent; (7) denture services, 22 per cent; (8) other care, 9 per cent. A mean of 1.5 teeth per patient needed restorative care, and 0.7 teeth required extraction.
Temporomandibular joint ankylosis
Authors: Tideman Henk , Doddridge Miles
Published: May 2009

The reconstruction of a permanent functional joint and the provision for correction of any associated deformity are the aims of treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Methods which merely free the ankylosis, in our opinion, compromise the likelihood of achieving these aims.
Overtreatment with removable partial dentures in shortened dental arches
Authors: Käyser A. F. , Witter D. J. , Spanauf A. J.
Published: May 2009

In our cultural pattern shortened dental arches are frequently seen, as molars are often seriously afflicted by caries and periodontal disease. The necessary restorative treatment is often omitted because of lack of motivation and/or financial limitations.

Clinical investigations among subjects with shortened dental arches show that there is sufficient adaptive capacity to maintain adequate oral function when at least tour occlusal units are left, preferably in a symmetrical position.

Treatment by providing free‐end removable partial dentures introduces unfavourable conditions for the remaining dentition. Overtreatment with these appliances is caused by traditional mechanically and morphologically oriented occlusal concepts, disregard of the adaptive capacity in biologic systems, and quantity promoting fee schedules. Problem solving approaches in occlusal therapy should be stimulated to prevent overtreatment.
Hepatitis B virus: the risk to Australian dentists and dental health care workers
Authors: Amerena Vincent , Andrew John H.
Published: May 2009

A survey of 1088 Australian dentists and dental health care workers showed that 8.2 per cent of dentists in private practice, 16.8 per cent of hospital dentists, 2.0 per cent of chairside assistants, 4.1 per cent of dental technicians, and 6.1 per cent of dental students had serological evidence of prior hepatitis B infection manifested by the presence of hepatitis B core antibody. No carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen were detected. The 784 replies to a questionnaire showed that 11.2 per cent of dentists had one or more serological markers to hepatitis B virus (HBV), 7.6 per cent gave a history of overt hepatitis B infection, and 53 per cent had been vaccinated against HBV. Of the 196 non‐vaccinated dentists, 47 per cent did not desire to be blood tested. Continuing education of Australian dentists about the risk of infection with and the need for immunization against HBV is indicated.
Abnormal reaction to subgingivally placed dental amalgam studied by transmission electron microscopy and microprobe analysis. Case report
Authors: Ellender Graham
Published: May 2009

An abnormal clinical response to dental amalgam is reported. The patient presented with a generalized burning sensation having a focus of pain in a region approximating a subgingivally placed dental amalgam restoration. Replacement of the amalgam restoration with glass ionomer cement relieved the pain and burning. Gingival tissue associated with the amalgam, excised to render the new restoration supragingivally, displayed ultrastructural changes in both the epithelium and connective tissue, with mercury demonstrated in the connective tissue and the epithelium by electron microprobe analysis. The significance of the presence of mercury and absence of the other constituents of dental amalgam are discussed.
Review: bupivacaine – a long‐acting local anaesthetic
Authors: Chapman P. J.
Published: May 2009

There are certain situations in dentistry where the use of a long‐acting local anaesthetic is advantageous, especially surgical procedures where moderate to severe postoperative pain is anticipated. Bupivacaine is such an agent and this article aims to provide the general dental practitioner with a brief review of the pharmacology, anaesthetic qualities, and indications for the use of bupivacaine in dentistry.
Limitation of mandibular opening due to enlarged coronoid processes
Authors: Macleod Alan W. Gordon
Published: May 2009

The causes of limited mandibular opening are summarized. Coronoid process enlargement in five patients is discussed; two cases of bilateral coronoid hyperplasia and a unilateral coronoid‐zygomatic ankylosis case underwent successful surgery. One of these bilateral patients exhibited bone regrowth a year later.
A survey of dental radiography
Authors: Monsour P. A. J. , Kruger B. J. , Barnes A. , Macleod A. Gordon
Published: May 2009

A survey was conducted to provide an overview of dental radiography in Australia as practised by private general dental practitioners. There was a response of 77 per cent from the 1419 dentists who were sent questionnaires. Data are presented on how the survey was conducted, response by State or Territory, education details of respondents, special interest areas of respondents and reasons for retaking radiographs. Possible sources of bias in the results are also discussed. The two most common reasons given for retaking radiographs were processing errors (33.4 per cent) and incorrect technique (27.7 per cent).
The Brisbane Statistical Division Survey of Adult Dental Health 1984. 2. Sociological aspects of the survey
Authors: Powell R. N. , McEniery T. M.
Published: May 2009

Participants in the BSD Survey responded to a series of questions designed to elicit information on attitudes to dental care, perceptions of the importance of optimal dental health and factors influencing access to dental care. Over half (56.5 per cent) had attended the dentist in the previous 18 months and of these 45.6 per cent had attended for preventive rather than symptomatic reasons. Expense was identified as the largest single barrier to dental care. Social background and levels of education influenced attitudes to the retention of natural teeth.
Orthopantomographic survey of edentulous patients of different age groups in Malaysia
Authors: Dias A. P. , Jiffry M. T. M.
Published: May 2009

An examination of 488 orthopantomograms of edentulous patients who had attended the Prosthodontic Department of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Malaya between the years 1974 and 1979 was undertaken. Ninety‐seven patients had positive radiological findings such as retained roots, radiopacities, radiolucencies, unerupted teeth, foreign bodies and sequestra. While confirming the findings of previous studies, this report focuses on the importance of age and foreign bodies in relation to positive findings with special reference to Asian patients.
A method for calibrating non‐screen radiographic film
Authors: Darvell B. W.
Published: May 2009

The ‘characteristic curve’ for film response has been shown to be inadequate. A method is proposed to calibrate non‐screen radiographic film response based upon an equation descriptive of the actual irradiation process. The advantages include the total absence of arbitrary decisions and constants, simplicity of application and ready interpretation. In addition, a Contrast Index is derived. Representative results are given.
DDAVP and EACA used for minor oral surgery in von Willebrand disease
Authors: Williamson Raymond , Eggleston Deryck J.
Published: May 2009

A therapeutic approach to the management of mild von Willebrand disease in four patients requiring minor oral surgery is reported, using a combination of 1‐deamino‐8 d‐arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) and epsilon‐aminocaproic acid (EACA).
The position of the apical foramen of the permanent incisors
Authors: Teo C. S. , Chan N. C. , Loh H. S.
Published: May 2009

The position of the apical foramen in relation to the anatomical root apex is of considerable importance to the dentist, especially when the level of obturation of the root canal is determined through tooth length calculated radiologically. The main objective of this study was to determine in upper permanent incisor teeth, the position of foramen/foramina relative to the anatomical apex.

In 635 permanent upper incisors, the results of this study showed 54.3 per cent with the foramen coincident with the root apex, and 45.7 per cent where the root apex and the foramen were non‐coincident. The average distance of the foramen from the root apex in the latter group was 0.35 mm and it ranged from 0.1 to 1.2 mm. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the apical termination of debridement and obturation of root canals.
A survey of the gingival health of Indo‐Chinese child refugees. Part II
Authors: McAllan L. H.
Published: May 2009

The gingival health of 230 Indo‐Chinese children aged between five and twelve years was evaluated after a period of resettlement in Australia with access to dental care facilities. Twenty‐two per cent of these children recorded one or more sites on permanent teeth where there was loss of attachment associated with gingival crevices deeper than 3.5 mm. Such sites were recorded as early as age nine. The number of affected children and the frequency of sites recorded within these children increased markedly with age. Some children aged twelve recorded more than twice the number of sites recorded for children aged nine. Forty‐seven per cent of the sites recorded in affected children aged twelve demonstrated a loss of attachment ≥12 mm. Half of the children who recorded sites with loss of attachment after being resettled in Australia for two years or more registered between three and five sites per child.
Principles of clasp retention: a review
Authors: Chrystie J. A.
Published: May 2009

A review is provided of various theories of the ways in which clasps act to retain removable partial dentures. The claimed roles of each component of a clasp‐unit are examined. The use of undercuts, paths of withdrawal, guide planes and the relationship between retentive‐force and work needed to deform the retentive arm are reviewed. Oversimplifications related to ‘classic theories’ are highlighted and the need for reciprocation is questioned.
Periosteum: its role in the healing of dento‐alveolar surgical wounds and the effect of mental nerve section on mandibular periosteal new bone
Authors: Kingon A. M.
Published: May 2009

This two‐part study investigated the osteogenic potential of rat mandibular periosteum.

In the first part, the importance of the periosteum as an osteogenic source in the healing of dentoalveolar surgical wounds was evaluated. A circumscribed bone defect was created in the buccal aspect of the right mandible of each animal and the overlying periosteum was excised in half of the animals. After sacrifice at a representative range of times between two and 60 days, histological examination of the surgical sites suggested that mandibular periosteum overlying a bone defect did not produce new bone and that healing was largely endosteal. It was noted that periosteum formed copious reactive bone away from the defect, the majority being on the buccal mandibular surface although some was noted also on the lingual aspect.

In the second part, the effect of mental nerve neurotmesis on deposition of reactive bone was investigated. The mental nerve was sectioned in half of the animals and left intact in the other half. The flap was replaced and sutured. Subsequent histological examination indicated that mental nerve neurotmesis did not influence the deposition of mandibular reactive bone.
The Brisbane Statistical Division Survey of Adult Dental Health 1984. 3. Dental health status and treatment needs
Authors: Powell R. N. , McEniery T. M.
Published: May 2009

Dental status and treatment requirements were investigated in 1504 subjects. Mean numbers of decayed, missing and filled (DMF) teeth for the various age groups were: 15–19 years, 6.2; 20–24 years, 10.6; 25–29 years, 15.8; 30–34 years, 18.1; 35–44 years, 20.4; 45–54 years, 23.0; 55–64 years, 26.2; and 65 years and older, 28.7. Total tooth loss did not occur in the 15–19 years or 20–24 years groups. In the 25–29 years group 2.6 per cent of subjects had lost all their teeth, 4.2 per cent in the 30–34 year group and 5.0 per cent in the 35–44 year group. The figures for the older age groups rose dramatically with almost 60 per cent of the 65 year and older age group having lost all their natural teeth. Treatment requirements for all age groups were low. In the 15–19 year age group 62.4 per cent of subjects had no treatment requirements. In other age groups the proportion was lower, ranging from 43.2 to 55.9 per cent. The periodontal condition of subjects was relatively good with only 3.3 per cent requiring complex treatment for severe forms of periodontal disease. A high proportion (over 50 per cent in all but the 15–19 year age group) required scaling and improved personal oral hygiene.
Pulpal integrity of anterior teeth treated with composite resins. A long‐term clinical evaluation
Authors: Gerke Dale C.
Published: May 2009

A clinical study was undertaken to review the pulpal status of anterior teeth restored with composite resins over a period of up to six years. No clinically detectable pulp necrosis was observed irrespective of type of resin, cavity depth or duration of restoration placement.

The study indicated that calcium hydroxide linings are unnecessary except in very deep cavities.
A maxillary buccal tip
Authors: Stacy G. C.
Published: May 2009

A method for the delivery of the average fractured upper buccal root apex, for which no reference can be found in the exodontic literature, is presented.
A 3‐dimensional digitizer using spherical co‐ordinates
Authors: Thomas David
Published: May 2009

This article describes an instrument which can, when supported by a small computer, make three‐dimensional measurements. Measurements can be made on the surface of any object able to fit within a 150 mm side cube. This instrument was intended for use with dental casts but could be applied to any type of object. Various possible techniques for three‐dimensional measurement are discussed and reasons given for the choice of a system based on spherical co‐ordinates.
Hepatitis B virus carrier groups and the Australian community
Authors: Reed B. E. , Barrett A. P.
Published: May 2009

A key component in the dental practitioner's strategy of infection control is the identification and serological screening of potential carriers of the hepatitis B virus. The relevant literature is reviewed, key issues identified, and recommendations for screening made.
The use of ultrasound for the removal of the smear layer. The effect of sodium hypochlorite concentration; SEM study
Authors: Cameron Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2009

This study was carried out to determine the optimum concentration of sodium hypochlorite activated by ultrasound needed to remove the smear layer from an instrumented root canal wall. The results indicated that under the conditions of this experiment a 4 per cent solution of sodium hypochlorite removed all of the smear layer from all 5 specimens; a 2 per cent solution was almost as effective; 1 per cent or 1/2 per cent solutions were less effective, and water was the least effective. A 2 per cent solution of sodium hypochlorite activated by ultrasound would appear to be the optimum concentration for the production of a smear free root canal wall under clinical conditions.
Ghost teeth. Case report
Authors: Boon Lian Chin , San Chong Bun , Huat Siar Chong , Chen Phang Yuet
Published: May 2009

A case of ghost teeth is reported. The clinical, radiological and histological features are presented. Although the aetiology of this condition is unknown, attempts are made to look for a plausible cause.
The prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction among patients wearing complete dentures
Authors: Zissis Alcibiades J. , Karkazis Hercules C. , Polyzois Gregory L.
Published: May 2009

This study investigates the prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction among complete denture wearers and relates the incidence to various features.
A study to investigate the visual quality of dental undergraduates using a simple screening programme
Authors: Rawlinson A.
Published: May 2009

Dental undergraduates were screened for visual defects by orthoptists at a general hospital associated with their dental school. Defects in visual acuity, squints, limitations of convergence and defective stereopsis were found. Four were deemed to require the services of an optician to improve their visual acuity.

Treatment is available for other students with squints, limitations of convergence and defective stereopsis, should this become necessary.

The value of visual screening for dental undergraduates is discussed.
Bilateral double dens invaginatus of maxillary incisors in a young Chinese girl
Authors: Lee Albert M. P. , Bedi Raman , O'Donnell David
Published: May 2009

A case of bilateral double dens invaginatus occurring in the permanent maxillary lateral incisors of a 9‐year‐old Chinese girl is described. The abnormal crown morphology of the teeth involved does not readily fall into any categories of Oehlers' classification of crown forms associated with dens invaginatus.
Unerupted first permanent molar. Case report
Authors: Spratley M. H. , Symons A. L. , Monsour F. N.
Published: May 2009

A case of an unerupted first permanent molar in a nine‐year‐old child is described and the aetiology is discussed. Surgical intervention was selected as the treatment of choice and resulted in a satisfactory outcome.
Blood blisters on the soft palate in Angina bullosa haemorrhagica Case reports
Authors: Daly C. G.
Published: May 2009

Reports are presented on four patients who experienced blood blisters on their soft palates due to suspected Angina bullosa haemorrhagica. The appearances of the blood blisters and the ulcerated areas caused by their collapse are described. Means of differentiating blood blisters in the mouth caused by other disorders are discussed.
Uneasy lies the head that wears the crown*? The recent history of radioactive fluorescers in dental porcelain
Authors: Mack Peter J.
Published: May 2009

Because of their undoubted aesthetic advantages, artificial porcelains are increasingly employed in clinical restorative dental procedures. Both to enhance and to maintain perfection of colour‐matching under diverse lighting conditions, fluorescers of various types are added to the base porcelain powder from which the replacement teeth are to be constructed. Many of these added fluorescers have been shown to be radioactive: this review is concerned with their history.
Erosion: guidelines for the general practitioner
Authors: Bevenius Joan , L'Estrange Peter , Angmar‐Månsson Birgit
Published: May 2009

Tooth surface loss by erosion presents a challenge to the general practitioner in terms of identification of patients at risk, differential diagnosis from attrition and abrasion, evaluation of aetiological and modifying factors in Individual patients and in the clinical management of a progressively destructive pathological process. The guidelines presented in this paper, based on current research findings, were developed in the Department of Cariology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, to provide dentists with routines suitable for use in general practice.
Apical closure and periapical healing in a non‐vital permanent tooth. Case report
Authors: Bourke L. F.
Published: May 2009

Calcium hydroxide apexification treatment can be performed successfully in a non‐vital permanent tooth to attain apical closure and periapical healing. Disinfection of the root canal prior to the introduction of the calcium hydroxide dressing aids the process. This paper reports on such treatment in a newly erupted non‐vital premolar tooth with no visible signs of dental caries or other crown abnormality. Early radiographic assessment of permanent teeth is recommended.
Declining attendances for general anaesthesia and tooth extractions in children following the fluoridation of Melbourne
Authors: Chippendale I. , Storey E.
Published: May 2009

Attendances for tooth extractions under general anaesthesia in children aged one to seven years at the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne have declined about 80 per cent from 1977 to 1986. The form of the decline follows the general pattern of decreasing dental caries in younger children in Melbourne since fluoridation. Since 1983 the numbers of attendances and extractions have remained relatively constant. Now younger children requiring fewer extractions are attending the Hospital. While there has been an increase in the proportion of those needing one or two teeth removed, fewer children are having three or more teeth removed. Nevertheless a small proportion of children still require 10 or more teeth removed. Two‐thirds of the children presenting since 1983 have been life‐time residents of Melbourne, indicating that more than fluoridation is required to reduce dental caries to manageable proportions in some high risk groups.
Twenty years of antibiotic sensitivity testing of dental infections. Part 1. Antibiotic sensitivities, 1980 to 1986*
Authors: Woods Robin
Published: May 2009

The results of 424 antibiotic sensitivity tests on bacteria isolated from pyogenic dental infections during the years 1980 to 1986 have been compiled. The bacteria involved have been identified and guidelines have been suggested for an appropriate antibiotic to assist in treatment of these infections.
The oral needs and demands of a geriatric population at Mt. Olivet, Brisbane, 1986
Authors: Homan B. T. , Lam B. , Larsen R. G.
Published: May 2009

An epidemiological survey was conducted of 238 patients and residents of the Mt. Olivet Complex in Brisbane in January 1986 using a protocol which sought both interview and clinical data. Overall, 62 per cent of the population had one or more oral symptoms. However, ‘felt needs’ were expressed by 33 per cent of all examinees, predominantly for ‘dental treatment’ or ‘denture adjustment’. The ‘professionally‐determined need’ was established for 65 per cent of the survey population, of whom 74 per cent could be treated in a dental chair.

A preventive approach to oral care is recommended. The primary preventive effort should be targeted on poor oral hygiene and xerostomia; and secondary prevention towards symptomatic treatment to minimize personal discomfort. Proposals for the delivery of dental services at Mt. Olivet are discussed.
Chronic pyogenic osteomyelitis. Case report
Authors: Shalhoub S. Y.
Published: May 2009

This paper presents a recent case of osteornyelitis of the jaw, reviews current literature and discusses the state of the art of management of osteomyelitis.
A different design of palatal lift appliance: review and case reports
Authors: Spratley M. H. , Chenerey H. J. , Murdoch B. E.
Published: May 2009

The problems of velopharyngeal incompetence and its treatment by a prosthetic device, the palatal lift appliance, are discussed. A new design of appliance and the technique for its fabrication is described in detail. Four case reports are given.

This design appears to have definite advantages over previously described designs, not the least of which is the simplicity of its fabrication both in the clinic and the laboratory.
Laboratory evaluation of the reversible/irreversible hydrocolloid impression technique
Authors: Thomasz F. G. V. , Chong M. P. , Tyas M. J.
Published: May 2009

The bond strength of reversible hydrocolloid (agar) to irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate), using three agars and eight alginates, was measured in tension. The dimensional stability of three agars with three alginates was measured using a standard dimensional stability die.

Tensile bond strength values ranged from 0 kPa to 16.6 kPa, with one agar having consistently the lowest bond strength to all alginates. The dimensional change of the combination impression was up to 1 per cent, and was within acceptable limits under the conditions of the experiment.

Selective use of agar and alginate is required to produce a clinically useful impression, and recommendations are given on such selection.
Twenty years of antibiotic sensitivity testing of dental infections. Part 2. A review, 1966–1986
Authors: Woods Robin
Published: May 2009

A review spanning the years 1966–1986 has been made of the bacteria isolated from pyogenic dental infections and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Changes in the type of bacteria isolated from these infections and their antibiotic sensitivities have been identified. Antibiotic regimens aimed at reducing the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria have been suggested.
Root resorption caused by impacted permanent teeth. Case report
Authors: Coombs Malcolm I. , Moore Simon R.
Published: May 2009

A case of severe external root resorption in several teeth caused by unerupted permanent teeth is presented along with the initial surgical treatment.
The porcelain‐faced pinlay — a simple solution to the worn dentition. Clinical hints and case reports
Authors: Carter R.
Published: May 2009

A method of construction of a porcelain‐faced pinlay is presented together with illustrations of cases.
The dental health of Indo‐Chinese and Australian‐born adolescents
Authors: Durward Callum S. , Wright F. A. C.
Published: May 2009

Since 1975, more than 100 000 Indo‐Chinese refugees from Vietnam, Kampuchea, and Laos have been resettled in Australia. This dental survey was undertaken to compare the dental health of 104 Australian‐born and 126 Indo‐Chinese adolescents from a State high school within a high migrant area of Melbourne. The mean DMFT score for the Australian‐born group was 3.37 teeth, compared with 6.05 for the Vietnamese group, and 3.10 for the Kampuchean‐Laotian group. More restorations and extractions were required by the Vietnamese subjects compared with the Australian‐born and Kampuchean‐Laotian subjects. Almost all subjects had gingivitis, however the proportion of Indo‐Chinese subjects with shallow and deep pockets was greater than that of the Australian‐born subjects. The periodontal health of the Kampucheans and Laotians was the most severe of the Indo‐Chinese groups. These findings indicate that the Indo‐Chinese adolescent refugees represent a high risk group for dental problems within the Australian population.
A comparison of the cariogenicity of two infant snack foods
Authors: Pearce E. I. F.
Published: May 2009

Two snack foods marketed specifically for infants were compared in caries prediction tests. A milk powder‐supplemented fruit and cereal snack bar produced more titratable acid but did not reach as low a terminal pH as a sweet biscuit on in vitro fermentation by salivary organisms. In an intra‐oral caries test the fruit/cereal bar caused significantly less enamel softening than the biscuit. While this latter test does not assess food retention in the mouth and other factors important in caries, the results suggest that, under similar usage by children, the fruit bar will be less cariogenic. Because it was not absolutely safe with respect to caries, frequency of eating cannot be disregarded. Availability of the fruit snack bar is an important development, allowing an additional choice for parents who wish to select low‐cariogenicity foods for their children.
Clinical evaluation of Scotchbond™ three‐year results
Authors: Tyas M. J. , Burns G. A. , Byrne P. F. , Cunningham P. J. , Dobson B. C. , Widdop F. T.
Published: May 2009

In a previous paper, the one‐year retention of composite resin in non‐undercut Class V abrasion lesions mediated by self‐cure Scotchbond dentine bonding agent without enamel etching was reported. The present paper reports the three‐year results. Initially, a total of 310 restorations was placed using Silux, Silar, Ketac‐Fil and Fuji II. The percentage cumulative loss of the restorations at two and three years, respectively, was: Silux 27, 30; Silar 58, 58; Ketac‐Fil 0, 0; Fuji II 4, 14. Over the total study period, there was a high loss rate of composite restorations in the first six months, and a tendency to increased loss over one to three years. There was a significant increase in marginal discoloration, assessed photographically, over the three‐year period, and caries was present around some restorations.
Central neurilemmoma (schwannoma) of the mandible. Case report
Authors: Stevenson A. R. L.
Published: May 2009

A neurilemmoma presenting as a central bone tumour is uncommon with less than 40 cases having been reported in the jaws. A further case of intraosseous (central) neurilemmoma arising in the posterior mandible of a 55 year old Vietnamese woman is presented with discussion on the incidence, clinical presentation, radiographic appearance, histology and treatment of this benign neurogenic tumour.
Compound composite odontome associated with impacted canine. Case report
Authors: To Edward Wai Hei
Published: May 2009

A case of compound composite odontome is reported. The classification and aetiology of odontomes is briefly discussed.
Some immunological findings in adult periodontitis
Authors: Olśanska‐Seidlová A. , Skarlandt P. , Mikulecky M. , Seymour G.
Published: May 2009

There is little doubt that immunological mechanisms play an important role in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. At the same time, it is recognized that patient susceptibility is ultimately responsible for the clinical manifestation of the disease. In this context, the present study was undertaken to examine a range of systemic immunological parameters in patients with adult periodontitis (AP), so as to test the hypothesis that a specific pattern would identify diseased — possibly ‘at risk’ — patients. These parameters included serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IgD, C3, transferrin, the presence of circulating immune complexes, and the number of circulating T (E‐rosette forming) cells. One hundred and forty AP patients and 70 healthy controls were examined. Following a complex statistical analysis only the levels of IgG, IgM and IgD were significantly increased in adult periodontitis (p < 0.05) while an increase in circulatory immune complexes was significant only for separate statistical tests. Although statistically different, the levels seen in AP patients were still within the normal range hence the clinical significance of the findings is such that it is unlikely that these systemic immunological parameters per se do define an ‘at risk’ population.
The bond strengths of various adhesives used for Maryland Bridges
Authors: Flood Andrew M. , Brockhurst Peter , Harcourt John K.
Published: May 2009

The tensile bond strengths of three groups of adhesives to two electrolytically etched alloys were studied. It was found that the bis‐GMA composite resins gave statistically similar bond strengths. The newer Japanese acrylics tested gave statistically higher results than the bis‐GMA resins. The clinical significance of these results is discussed.
An evaluation of a rapid setting glass ionomer cement in general dental practice
Authors: Knibbs P. J. , Plant C. G.
Published: May 2009

Forty‐five general dental practitioners evaluated the clinical handling properties and performance of a newly formulated glass ionomer cement of the powder/water type. Seven hundred and ninety restorations were placed and 457 were reviewed after seven months. This formulation set rapidly. Approximately 95 per cent of the restorations performed well over the period of assessment. The results of this trial were compared with those of a trial on an earlier glass ionomer cement. The main advantage of the new formulation was the improved handling properties, notably the speed of set. Misuse of the material was the major factor responsible for poor clinical performance.
The influence of mixing ratio on the working time, strength and wear of composites
Authors: de Gee A. J. , ten Harkel H. C. , Davidson C. L.
Published: May 2009

The influence of varying the paste‐to‐paste ratio of chemically initiated composites on the working time, diametral tensile strength and in vitro ‘occlusal’ wear was investigated. If the mixing ratio was varied, the working time was not equally affected for the various brands. This is explained by different relative inhibitor concentrations in the pastes. Within reasonable deviations from the 1:1 ratio, no significant influence on the diametral tensile strength occurred. Wear properties as determined by a simulated occlusal wear test on three posterior composites, was more sensitive to the mixing ratio.
The restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Part 2. Posts
Authors: Hunter A. J. , Flood A. M.
Published: May 2009

Posts are normally used to aid core retention and to provide tooth support, although a significant minority question the use of posts in the latter role. A direct relationship is thought to exist between the quantity of sound tooth structure and tooth strength and care is required when preparing teeth to accept posts. Post configuration is of over‐riding importance in determining retention and support and the effect on retention of small increases to post length should not be over emphasized. Because accurate post fit is important to maximize both retention and support, direct fabrication techniques using matched post/reamer systems are recommended.
Mouthguards and the role of Sporting Team Dentists
Authors: Chapman P. J.
Published: May 2009

With the increased popularity of contact sports and encouragement to participate at an early age, the role of the dental profession in relation to prevention of dental and other orofacial sporting injuries has become more important. Provision of professionally‐fitted (custom) mouthguards for persons involved in contact sports, recognition of the ‘injury prone dentition’, and expertise in immediate management of dental injuries form the basis of sports dentistry. The aim of this review paper is to increase professional awareness and interest. Additionally, it is hoped to stimulate dentists to become involved as sporting club consultants.