bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Effects of High Fructose Corn Syrup on the Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Liu Keling
Published: January 2025

Excessive intake of added sugars and fructose has been associated with leading to adverse health outcomes. This article reviews the effects of sugar intake in a variety of ways, categorized as increased body weight fat, fatty liver (NAFLD), and cardiovascular-related diseases in humans. The analysis showed that decreasing consumption of sugar and sugar products significantly reduced weight, whereas increasing consumption of sugar and sugar products, especially from sugary beverages, led to weight gain. In addition, excessive intake of high sugar is associated with the accumulation of liver fat, a key factor contributing to the increased incidence of fatty liver. The findings highlight the key role of fructose, especially from high fructose corn syrup, in promoting metabolic dysfunction. In conclusion, reducing intake of added sugars is critical to preventing chronic disease and improving public health. Subsequent studies should explore individual differences in response to sugar metabolism and the long-term effects of interventions for small intakes of sugar.
Introduction of improvement in TB therapy with addition of nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Sen , Zhou Jiahao , Lu Xiaohan
Published: January 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global infectious disease. The challenges faced in current treatment often include the development of drug resistance, long treatment periods and serious side effects. At the same time, Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions to enhance TB treatment. With the help of nanoparticles such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles and inorganic nanoparticles, the drug delivery system can be improved, which leads to higher concentrations of drugs at the site of infection. In this way, side effects are minimized and treatment time is potentially shortened.
Role of NMDA Receptors in Adult-generated Hippocampal Neurons: Implications for Alleviating Depression and Anxiety-like Behaviors
Authors: Yang Huilan Ou
Published: January 2025

The hippocampus is the brain region critical for learning, memory and emotional regulation. New neurons are continuously produced in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus throughout adulthood and evidence from animal studies suggest the involvement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mental health, particularly in conditions like major depressive disorder (MDD) and memory formation. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a common class of antidepressants, have been shown to enhance neurogenesis, while disrupted neurogenesis is linked to cognitive impairments and decreased stress resilience in animal studies. Research supports the notion that NMDA receptors are essential in neurogenesis, regulating neuronal plasticity and synaptogenesis. Patients with MDD often exhibit decreased cognitive ability and memory, implicating NMDA receptor involvement. While NMDA receptors are considered potential drug targets for mental illnesses, evidence linking NMDA receptor activity in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) to mental health is limited, and the mechanisms remain poorly understood. This review aims to summarize recent studies to elucidate the connection between NMDA receptors on adult-born neurons and stress resilience, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for depression and anxiety-like behaviors.
Tas13D inhibits the growth of non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating EGFR
Authors: Xiong Siyuan
Published: January 2025

Tas13D, a taspine derivative specifically designed to target the EGFR pathway, a key driver of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has demonstrated significant efficacy in vitro by inhibiting the viability of A549 lung cancer cells, promoting apoptosis, and reducing EGFR phosphorylation. In vivo studies in mice demonstrated that Tas13D effectively reduced tumor size and enhanced apoptosis, indicating its promising therapeutic potential for NSCLC. However, further research is necessary to investigate potential resistance mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment to optimize its clinical application.
The Effect of Cylindrospermopsin on KIR3DL3 receptors Activity, and Colon Cancer Development
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan
Published: January 2025

To explore the efficacy of astragaloside in the treatment of colon cancer and the cytotoxic mechanism of colon cancer cells. This paper mainly focuses on the inhibition of HHLA2-KIR3DL3 pathway to explore and study the possible mechanism of astragaloside. The physiological effects of astragaloside on colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo should be tested through cell culture and animal experiments. At the same time, the influence of astragaloside on the physiological function of normal cells should be confirmed by MTT assay, and the binding effect of astragaloside with KIR3DL3 should be determined by SPR.At the same time, under the premise that the experimental results support the hypothesis, the optimal concentration and the most timely time of astragaloside to kill colon cancer cells were investigated. The reduction of tumor size in the astragaloside treatment group can prove that astragaloside can inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells. The combination of astragaloside and KIR3DL3 can further speculate that the inhibition of colon cancer cells may be related to the inhibitory function of KIR3DL3.
The mechanisms of monoclonal antibodies and their utilization in cancer therapy
Authors: Fang Zibo
Published: January 2025

Cancer is a serious public health issue and the second leading cause of death worldwide. It is predicted that the number of cancer diagnoses and cancer-related deaths will continue to rise in the future. Advances in molecular biology and genomics of cancer, combined with an increasing understanding of the molecule phenomena in cancer, have led to the emergence of monoclonal antibodies as key therapeutic strategies in reverse pharmacology. Monoclonal antibodies have high specificity and affinity, allowing them to directly target specific tumor markers and modulate the immune system, thereby providing unique advantages in precision cancer therapy. The purpose of this review is to gain an in-depth understanding of the structure and function of monoclonal antibodies, and to provide a comprehensive overview of the applications and developments of monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment, as well as their mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses. Furthermore, by analyzing the approved and investigational drugs for different types of cancer and their efficacy, one can gain a deeper comprehension of monoclonal antibodies targeting distinct cancers.
Application of Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Models in Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Guo Qizhen
Published: January 2025

In the medical domain, artificial intelligence (AI) pertains to the utilization of machine learning models and algorithms for the analysis of intricate medical data. This paper demonstrates the application of learning models in cancer diagnosis through two innovative approaches: the Hybrid U-Net model and an improved MobileNet-V3 model, as well as a novel Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) model. The combination of these models has achieved significant improvements in cancer diagnosis accuracy, interpretability, and performance. The integration of the Hybrid U-Net with MobileNet-V3 effectively enhances image segmentation and feature extraction efficiency, particularly in analysis of medical imaging tasks such as skin cancer detection. Through hyperparameter optimization, these models perform exceptionally well with complex data, significantly improving performance metrics such as accuracy, PPV, NPV, and AUC. On the other hand, the MIL model, with its innovative attention mechanism, has shown considerable promise in improving the diagnosis of lung cancer by providing greater interpretability and aiding clinical understanding. However, despite the impressive performance of these models, the research also highlights limitations such as small sample sizes and reliance on existing segmentation methods, which affect the stability and broad applicability of the models.
Dietary structure and pattern in prevention of prediabetes
Authors: Lyu Fenglin
Published: January 2025

The light manual labor work pattern of modern society has led to difficulties in blood sugar management, rising obesity rates, and an increase in the number of diabetes patients. Prediabetes is a condition where blood glucose levels are elevated but not high enough for a diabetes diagnosis. Prediabetes represents a critical stage for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with symptoms including abnormal fasting blood glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations. This review explores the diagnostic criteria for prediabetes and dietary management approach of preventing the state of prediabetes. Poor diet and inadequate physical inactivity are key contributors to the rise in prediabetes cases. Dietary interventions such as understanding your diet structure, following health dietary patterns are effective strategies for managing blood glucose level and preventing prediabetes. The Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, and plant-based dietary patterns have protective effects in reducing T2D risk by promoting insulin sensitivity and reducing inflammation. Overall, it is important to combine dietary and lifestyle approaches to prevent prediabetes.
The Integration of Innovative Business Models and Accounting Tools in the Sale of Agricultural Products in Rural China
Authors: Zhang Ruixi
Published: January 2025

This study explores the integration of accounting tools with innovative business models to improve financial transparency and foster consumer trust among rural smallholder farmers in China. The report highlights common challenges faced by smallholder farmers, such as irregular financial records and inadequate costing, which hinder their access to finance and limit their competitiveness in the marketplace. Drawing on international case studies such as India's kata Book and Kenya's M-Pesa, the study highlights the significant benefits of accounting tools in improving financial flows and increasing economic efficiency. This study uses literature research methods and case study methods to explore the impact of accounting tools on the standardization of financial records and the improvement of production efficiency. The findings suggest that greater financial transparency can not only increase farmers' market participation but also increase consumers' trust in their products. Based on these findings, the study makes policy recommendations, including expanding education and training, developing offline accounting tools suitable for rural settings, and encouraging their adoption through tax incentives. The results emphasize the important role of accounting tools in promoting the sustainable development of the rural economy and provide practical insights for realizing the goal of rural revitalization
Financial Drivers of Innovation: An Analysis of Its Determinants in G10 Nations
Authors: Xiong Tianqi
Published: January 2025

Innovation plays a crucial role in the financial growth and development of the nation. This is because an increase in portfolio investment attracts foreign capital into the economy, which further adds to innovation due to increased capital. In addition, financial growth signifies a rise in the production of goods and services in an economy, which further stimulates the wages and profitability of businesses in the long run. Thus, this research incorporates a panel data analysis to explore the association between financial determinants and innovation index in G10 economies using the RE model, the FE model, and the Hausman test. The results of the research indicate that a rise in financial determinants adds to the innovation index in G10 economies
Research on Credit Risk Identification and Management Strategy of Real Estate Supply Chain from the Perspective of Sustainable Development
Authors: Wu Jin
Published: January 2025

The real estate sector plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth. However, it faces significant challenges related to credit risk and sustainable supply chain practices. The management of credit risk and the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors into credit risk assessment have garnered increasing attention. This paper investigates the influence of sustainability practices within the real estate supply chain on credit risk management, focusing on the case study of China Evergrande Group. Through an analysis of Evergrande Group's financial reports and relevant policy changes via literature review and case study methodology, this research delves into the underlying causes of its credit risk as well as its repercussions on the supply chain. The findings indicate that Evergrande Group's high leverage coupled with an aggressive debt expansion strategy has resulted in a heightened accumulation of credit risk amid evolving policies and market conditions. Consequently, it is recommended that real estate enterprises enhance their mechanisms for assessing supply chain-related credit risks, establish early warning systems for potential credit issues, promote information sharing among stakeholders, and refine their contractual agreements and guarantee frameworks to mitigate credit risks while promoting sustainable development within their supply chains
Analyzing Chinas Unilateral Tariff Exemption Policy in the 2024 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation: Implications and Contributions
Authors: Yin Ziqian
Published: January 2025

In the face of rising global trade tensions and economic uncertainties, Chinas 2024 unilateral tariff exemption policy for African countries adopted at the Forum on China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) is part of a strategic shift in Chinas economic engagement in the continent. This paper delves into the economic underpinnings of the policy to untangle the potential to foster African exports, to grow the economy, and to propel industrialization on the African continent. It analyzes both the positive impacts of the policy in the areas of consumption, employment and infrastructure development, and the need to address potential negative impacts, in terms of the implications of the policy for the exchange rate of the Chinese renminbi (RMB) and more broadly, on global trade dynamics. The policy is found to align with Chinas ambition to extend global economic influence and boost South-South cooperation, and guides actionable recommendations to maximize the policys benefits and shed light on the path to future research of the policys long term impact on Africas economic structure and Chinas standing in the international trade field
Research on the Coordinated Development of Industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region under the Background of Regional Economic Integration
Authors: Zhang Leyao
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses on the coordinated development of industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region and explores it in depth under the background of regional economic integration. The article first explains the relevant concepts and points out that the BTH urban agglomeration has a pivotal position in politics, economy, transportation, and other aspects, and its coordinated development of industries is of far-reaching significance. At present, the optimization of industrial structure and industrial relocation and transfer in the BTH region have made certain progress, which is specifically manifested in the continuous upgrading of industrial structure, the leap of the industry to a high-quality stage, the initial emergence of innovation-driven synergy effects, and the orderly relocation and acceptance of industries. However, there are many challenges for future development, including weak industrial radiation and driving, large internal gradient gap, insufficient innovation transformation, and other crises. In terms of path selection, people should optimize the industrial division of labor and layout, strengthen the coordination of the industrial chain, and improve the efficiency of innovation coordination. With the experience of the Pearl River Delta, people should build a characteristic industrial system of the capital, create an advanced manufacturing cluster, and improve the innovation system to enhance regional competitiveness, achieve integrated high-quality development, and become a highland of advanced manufacturing and scientific and technological innovation, to help build a new development pattern
A Case Study of the Merger by Share Swap and Absorption of Baosteel and WISCO Type
Authors: Jiang Siye
Published: January 2025

The steel and iron sector to capacity, the implementation of the supply-side structural change of the background. In order to further promote the structural modifying the design of the state-owned economy, enhance the current enterprise system, further the reform of state-owned businesses, speed up the overcapacity industry mergers and reorganization of the strong support for the supply-side structural reform's implementation. Baoshan Iron & Steel Company Limited (Baosteel) and WISCO is the name of Wuhan Iron & Steel Company Limited Company, as the top companies in China's iron and steel industry, have decided to implement a joint reorganization around the strategic objective of Soul, Body, Quality and Efficiency. The transaction program adopts the Baosteel shares to WISCO shares all shareholders to issue A shares for shares absorption merger of WISCO shares. At the same time, Baosteel shares, The controlling shareholders of Baosteel Group hold Wuhan Iron and Steel shares. Wuhan Iron and Steel Group will undergo a joint reorganization and Baosteel Group will become "China Baowu Iron and Steel Group Co. Ltd." Wuhan Iron and Steel Group shareholding will be gratuitously shifted to the China Baowu Group
The Impact of Policy Changes in the Real Estate Market on Residents Livelihood and Economic Recovery
Authors: Cao Yiche
Published: January 2025

After the COVID-19 epidemic, the economies of all countries have been hit hard and peoples lives have been seriously affected. Restoring the economy and helping people return to the standard of living before the outbreak have become urgent issues for the government currently. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the real estate industry can drive the economy and peoples livelihood that have been damaged by the epidemic, and analyze the impact of real estate on the national economy, the policies of real estate in recent years and their effects. It is concluded that real estate-related policies need to be changed, for instance, that the purchase restriction policy should be strengthened in first-tier cities, while people should be allowed to buy on demand in second- and third-tier cities. The cancellation of purchase restriction policies and the development of real estate market have a positive impact on economic recovery. The findings of this article are helpful for the government to introduce more appropriate policies and help people to explore the direction of economic recovery in the future
Crafting an English Ebook for the Merdeka Curriculum: Insights from Indonesian High School Teachers
Authors: Rohimajaya Nur Azmi , Hartono Rudi , Yuliasri Issy , Fitriati Sri Wuli
Published: January 2025

Need analysis is an essential component of Research & Development (R&D) and cannot be separated from the process as a whole. This study analyzed the need for an English ebook model based on the Merdeka curriculum for Indonesian Senior High Schools. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study investigated the requirements for the research purpose. Data were collected through questionnaires from 68 English Senior High School teachers in Pandeglang, Banten Province, Indonesia, and analyzed qualitatively. The findings revealed that almost all English teachers agreed that the English coursebook should reflect the Merdeka curriculum, with a preference for interactive ebook formats. Both students and teachers expressed a need for an introductory English ebook as a learning medium in the classroom. Specifically, teachers emphasized the importance of incorporating local content and interactive elements. These findings provide a foundation for developing an English ebook model based on the Merdeka curriculum, tailored to the needs of Indonesian Senior High School students and aligned with current educational trends.
Klasifikasi Sifat Cidera Kecelakaan berdasarkan Karakteristik Masyarakat di Jakarta
Authors: Sarinah Sarinah , Addini Fida Fathiyah , Agusinta Lira , Haryanto Dwi , Maolani Rukaesih Achmad , Abdurachman Edi
Published: January 2025

Traffic accidents are one of the biggest causes of death in Indonesia. Traffic accidents could occur due to various factors such as human factors, facilities, infrastructure, and the environment. These factors are seen as causes of traffic accidents. Furthermore, the impacts experienced due to traffic accidents are not always the same. Someone could be injured or even die. This impact is seen as the nature of an accident injury. This research analyzes and models the relationship between the nature of traffic accident injury variables and the variables causing traffic accidents. The data used in this research is 12,353 traffic accident data in DKI Jakarta from 2020 to 2021. The analysis was carried out using two main methods, namely the chi-square test to determine the existence of a relationship between variables and an ordinal logistics regression model to model the influence of variables causing traffic accidents on variables of the accident injuries nature. Based on the chi-square test, there is a significant relationship between the level of traffic injury and the factors of age, gender, type of work, time and location of the incident. However, there is no significant relationship between the level of the traffic injury and the day of the incident. Variables that are significantly related are then created as an ordinal logistics regression model equation. The results show that the injury level could be predicted based on the causal factors with 92.45% accuracy in classifying the level of the injury.
Slam`s, a poesia viva das ruas
Authors: De Oliveira Cleber José , Barros Patrícia Marcondes de
Published: January 2025

As literaturas periféricas e marginais são os objetos de análise e discussão deste dossiê. Por serem expressões artísticas potentes e questionadoras na medida em que lançam luz sobre as mazelas sociais e seus desdobramentos na vida social das populações historicamente subalternizadas, essas poéticas e narrativas vêm ocupando lugar destaque nos debates sobre arte e resitência na atualidade.
Não alheio a isso, nesta segunda edição, os organizadores oportunizam aos leitores da revista Boitatá uma entrevista com o slammaster Emerson Alcalde, visando ampliar e aprofudar o debate público/acadêmico sobre a expressão poética “Slam”.
Tent spaces and solutions of Weinstein type equations with CMO(R_+,dm_λ) boundary values
Authors: Betancor Jorge J. , Guo Qingdong , Yang Dongyong
Published: January 2025

Let \(\{P_{t}^{[\lambda]}\}_{t>0}\) be the Poisson semigroup associated with the Bessel operator \(\Delta_{\lambda}\) on \(\mathbb{R}_+:=(0,\infty)\), where \(\lambda>0\) and
 
\(\Delta_{\lambda}:=-x^{-2\lambda}\frac{d}{dx}x^{2\lambda}\frac{d}{dx}\).
 
In this paper, the authors show that a function \(u(y,t)\) on \(\mathbb{R}_{+}\times\mathbb{R}_{+}\), has the form \(u(y,t)=P_{t}^{[\lambda]}f(y)\) with \(f\in\) CMO\((\mathbb{R}_{+},dm_{\lambda})\), where \(dm_{\lambda}(x):=x^{2\lambda}\,dx\), if and only if \(u\) satisfies the Weinstein type equation
 
\(\mathbb{L}_{\lambda}u(x,t):=\frac{\partial^{2}u(x,t)}{\partial t^{2}}-\Delta_{\lambda}u(x,t)=0\), \((x,t)\in{\mathbb{R}_{+}\times\mathbb{R}_{+}}\),
 
a Carleson type condition and certain limiting conditions. For this purpose, the authors first introduce the tent spaces \(T_{2}^{p}\) with \(p\in[1,\infty]\) and \(T_{2,C}^{\infty}\) in the Bessel setting and then show that CMO\((\mathbb{R}_{+},dm_{\lambda})\) has a connection with \(T_{2,C}^{\infty}\) via \(\{P_{t}^{[\lambda]}\}_{t>0}\). In addition, the authors obtain some boundedness results on the operator \(\pi_{\lambda}\) from tent spaces to some "ordinary" function spaces.
Educational Innovation in Islamic Education (PAI) with the TGT Learning Model Supported by Genially Media: Students' Learning Interest
Authors: Sari Jihan Novita , Azizah Nurul , Anwar Syaiful , Murtadho Ali , Syafe’i Imam
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of using a technology-based interactive learning model on students' learning interest. The learning model used in this research is Team Games Tournament (TGT), supported by Genially learning media, to measure its effectiveness on students' learning interest during the learning process. This research employs a quasi-experimental design with a post-test for both the experimental and control groups. The results of the study show that the t-test yielded a significance value of 0.21, indicating that there is a significant effectiveness in using the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model with Genially learning media to enhance students' learning interest. This study presents an innovation by combining the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model with Genially learning media to support students' interest in learning Islamic Education (PAI). The findings of this research can demonstrate how effective technology-based learning models are in improving the quality of education, which can serve as a consideration for education policymakers to better support the use of technology in the learning process, as well as provide training for teachers in utilizing interactive learning media to support a more effective learning experience.
Analisis Penerimaan Sistem Informasi Manajemen E-Clinic pada Klinik Margorejo
Authors: Khaivi Eagle Perdana , Paputungan Irving Vitra
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerimaan pengguna terhadap Sistem Informasi Manajemen (SIM) E-Clinic di Klinik Margorejo, Kabupaten Klaten. Dengan menggunakan model Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), penelitian ini menilai empat variabel utama: Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Attitude Toward Using (ATT), dan Behavioral Intention to Use (BI). Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 30 responden yang merupakan pengguna aktif sistem E-Clinic di klinik tersebut. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa PEU dan PU memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap ATT, yang pada gilirannya mempengaruhi BI. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kemudahan penggunaan dan manfaat sistem sangat menentukan sikap pengguna dan niat mereka untuk terus menggunakan sistem E-Clinic. Meskipun sistem ini diterima dengan baik, rekomendasi diberikan untuk meningkatkan antarmuka sistem dan memberikan pelatihan lebih lanjut untuk memaksimalkan penerimaan teknologi ini.
Advancing Diagnosis: The Role of Imaging Modalities in Accurate Assessment of Skull Base ENT Pathologies
Authors: Hussain Ashfaq , Hussain Junaid , Mushtaq Allah Bux , Ashraf Safia , Siddique Tariq Zia , Afzal Muhammad
Published: January 2025

The skull base was a multifaceted anatomical region where important structures unite, including major blood vessels and cranial nerves. Precise diagnosis of Ear, Nose, and Throat disorders in this area was critical for effective treatment planning, but conventional diagnostic methods often lack the required detail. Objective: To determine the efficiency of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in correctly diagnosing skull base Ear, Nose, and Throat pathologies. Methods: A comparative study was carried out at Shahida Islam Medical Complex, Lodhran, from September 2023 to February 2024. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 100 patients who underwent Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for suspected skull base Ear, Nose, and Throat pathologies. Imaging results were compared against final clinical diagnoses confirmed through biopsy. Diagnostic accuracy was measured using sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value, and Negative Predictive Value. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed higher sensitivity (85.7%) and specificity (87.7%) compared to Computed Tomography (sensitivity 73.0%, specificity 82.0% respectively). Diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for specific pathologies included meningioma (sensitivity 93.52%, specificity 87.32%), chordoma (sensitivity 79.92%, specificity 95.72%), and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (sensitivity 86.62%, specificity 83.12%). Conclusions: It was concluded that Magnetic Resonance Imaging demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy compared to Computed Tomography in the diagnosis of Ear, Nose, and Throat pathologies of skull base due to having greater sensitivity and specificity. These findings indicate that Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a superior diagnostic tool for early detection of skull base disorders.
Tool Development for Parental Reviews of Cochlear Implanted Children in Urdu
Authors: Shahid Rida , Mubeen Raffa , Saqulain Ghulam , Awan Waqar Ahmed
Published: January 2025

The treatment of profound hearing loss and the adjustment of a child after this is a critical task for parents. Presently, cochlear implantation is the most common and effective treatment for profound hearing loss. However, navigating the decision-making process can be overwhelming for families. Currently, there is no standardized tool available in Urdu to help parents before taking the decision of cochlear implantation. Objective: To develop a tool to assess parental reviews of cochlear-implanted children in Urdu. Methods: This descriptive research conducted at Riphah International University (Sept. 2020–February 2021) utilized a sample of 20 parents of cochlear implanted children, aged 6 to 15 5 years. Parents included either gender aged 29 to 59 years. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed using interviews and existing literature. Themes from interviews and existing literature were used to develop items. Content validity was assessed by 5 expert speech and language pathologists. For the meaningfulness of each item, a cognitive debriefing interview was conducted with the parents. Each item was reviewed and modified as per suggestion and pre-tested. Results: A 92-item tool was developed with 07 subsections related to i) Decision of Cochlear Implantation, ii) Process of Cochlear Implantation, iii) Effects of Cochlear Implantation, iv) General Functioning of Child, v) Self-Reliance and QoL, vi) Education of Child and vii Communication. The tool revealed good reliability and content validity SCVI=0.94. Conclusion: The developed 92-item Parental Reviews of Cochlear-Implanted Children in Urdu (PRCIC-U) tool is a reliable and valid tool review of different stages of the cochlear implantation procedure for the Urdu-speaking population.
Effectiveness of Probiotics and Standard Therapy Versus Standard Therapy Alone in Patients of Mild to Moderate Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Iqbal Gulraiz , Nazar Tazeen , Aziz Bilal , Fatima Tooba , Imran Yasir , Islam Asif
Published: January 2025

Analgesics, steroids and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the cornerstone of treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective: To determine effectiveness of probiotics, introduced to standard treatment, in improving Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS-28) in patients with mild to moderate rheumatoid arthritis, when given for a period of three months. Methods: This randomized controlled trial registered under ClinicalTrials.gov ID:  NCT06594822, was conducted on diagnosed cases of rheumatoid arthritis presenting to Mayo hospital, Lahore from 24th August 2023 till 23rd February 2024. Eighty-eight patients were recruited employing simple random sampling techniques and were categorized into two groups. Group A received standard therapy along with probiotics whereas Group B received standard therapy alone. DAS-28 score was assessed at baseline, at 45 and 90 days. Results: Patients in Group A showed an effective reduction in DAS-28 of 22.7% compared to 6.8% in group B (p=0.035). DAS-28 score in group A and B at baseline was 3.67 ± 0.61 vs 3.63 ± 0.52, p=0.708, after 45 days was 3.15 ± 0.63 vs 3.49 ± 0.56, p=0.010 and after 90 days was 2.93 ± 0.75 vs 3.27 ± 0.52, p=0.015. During treatment at days 45 and 90, group A patients showed a greater decrease from baseline i.e., -0.52 ± 0.63 vs -0.14 ± 0.56, p<0.010 and -0.74 ± 0.75 vs 0.36 ± 0.52, p<0.015 than group B patients. Group A also had a significant improvement in mean DAS-28 score at days 45 and 90 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Daily supplementation of probiotics with standard treatment is effective for the alleviation of symptoms and disease severity in patients having mild to moderate rheumatoid arthritis.
Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Nisar Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad Waqar , Asadullah  , Ahmad Nisar
Published: January 2025

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a prevalent global health issue, with Pakistan experiencing a high burden. Diabetic patients were more susceptible to Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and often exhibit greater antibiotic resistance. Objective: To determine the sensitivity/resistance patterns of DM and Non-DM UTI patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 208-UTI at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from January to July 2020. Patients were equally divided into DM (n=104) and non-DM (n=104) groups. Results: A total of 208 UTI cases were equally divided between diabetic and non-diabetic groups (104 in each). The mean age of patients was 42.49 ± 1.148 years with a male predominance 132 (63.4%). Dysuria was reported in 81 (38.9%), urinary frequency in 86 (41.3%), and fever in 41 (19.7%) patients. Significant differences were observed in antibiotic resistance patterns between diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Diabetic patients exhibited higher resistance to Meropenem 86 (78%) versus 24 (22%), p<0.001), Ciprofloxacin 95 (98%) versus 2 (2%), p<0.001), and Ceftazidime 93 (79.4%) versus 24(20.6%), p<0.001) compared to non-diabetics. Conversely, sensitivity were significantly lower in diabetic patients for Meropenem (18(18%) versus 80(82%), p<0.001), Ciprofloxacin (9(8%) versus 102(91.8%), p<0.001), and Ceftazidime (11(12.3%) versus 79(87.7%), p<0.001). No significant associations were found between age or gender and antibiotic sensitivity within either group. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that diabetic patients were at significantly higher risk for antibiotic-resistant UTIs, particularly against meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime. These findings highlight the importance of customized antibiotic therapies and better glycemic control in diabetic patients to reduce UTIs complications.
Assessing Risk Factors, Patterns, and Knowledge of Preventive Measures in Traumatic Dental Injuries among School Children
Authors: Saba Shah Syeda Zileharam , Saba Shah Syeda Lalarukh , Hameed Aamir , Saba Shah Syeda Gulrukh , Shah Farhana Jabeen
Published: January 2025

Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs) were among the most prevalent conditions affecting children. Data on dental trauma primarily stem from studies conducted across various regions of the world. These injuries can have significant functional, aesthetic, and psychological implications for affected children. Effective prevention and timely treatment were essential, as untreated dental trauma can lead to long-term complications, including infection, malocclusion, and impaired oral development. Objective: To evaluate risk factors, patterns, and knowledge of preventive measures in traumatic dental injuries among school children. Methods: A study was conducted to evaluate dental trauma in children. The data were collected from 312 children aged 8 to 15 using a convenience sampling technique. The inclusion criteria encompassed children with erupted permanent anterior teeth. The relationships were analyzed using the Chi-Square test in SPSS version 26. Results: The data showed that 63.5% of the children were male, with 57.7% having experienced traumatic dental injuries. Falls (21.8%), sports injuries (15.7%), and biting (5.8%) were the most frequent causes present in the study. and maxillary central incisors had the highest tooth loss at 57.95%, while 57.7% of participants were aware of using mouth guards to prevent dental trauma. Conclusions: It identified several predisposing factors, particularly affecting the anterior teeth. Based on these results, strategic preventive measures should be implemented, specifically targeting the identified risk groups.
Analysis of Achievement, Motivation and Self-Efficacy among Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Kausar Tanveer , Fatima Fozia , Naureen Asma , Yasmeen Shahida , Noreen Safia , Tariq Rubab , Siddiqi Fuad Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Strong self-efficacy enhances motivation and performance, while strong achievement motivation boosts self-efficacy. Objective: To determine achievement motivation and self-efficacy levels among undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2023 to July 2024 at three nursing institutes. A total of 222 undergraduate nursing students participated using convenience sampling. Data were collected through a self-efficacy questionnaire developed by Ralf Schwarzer. Achievement motivation was measured using McInerney’s tool. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Most participants were females, with 90.1% aged 20–25. The study was conducted at the College of Nursing Rawalpindi and PIMS Islamabad. Findings indicated that participants with confidence in their skills, improvement in work, and good academic performance had the highest motivation levels. External factors, such as praise or awards, were less influential. The average achievement-oriented behavior score was 4.12. Self-efficacy data revealed varied confidence levels, with most participants believing they could learn challenging content, overcome obstacles, influence personal growth, maintain relationships, and solve problems innovatively. The average self-efficacy score was also 4.12, indicating high confidence. Conclusions: The research highlights that highly motivated individuals achieve better outcomes, demonstrate faith in their skills, and perform well academically. Motivation is primarily driven by intrinsic factors like self-efficacy and personal growth, rather than external recognition. Enhancing self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation is crucial to improving overall performance, emphasizing persistence, diligence, and innovation as key drivers of success.
Interlinking Leukemia Cell Lines with Clinicopathological Therapeutics: Exploring Eugenol’s Anti-Cancer Potential for Leukemia and Its Types
Authors: Wadood Maeesa , Zafar Shahid , Anwar Bushra , Bhatti Maira , Ali Shahid , Niaz Mahwish , Ali Muhammad Akram
Published: January 2025

The clove oil contains a bioactive compound, eugenol, which holds promise as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment, such as leukemia. Objectives: To represent eugenol’s clinicopathological potential, through the mechanism of action in leukemia cell lines and related mechanisms. Methods: Eugenol's anti-cancer effects are explored through pathways of apoptosis induction, cell cycle regulation and modulation of key oncogenic signalling pathways, including nuclear factor-kappa B, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B. One hundred twelve articles including those published between January 2013 to April 2024 were obtained using a comprehensive search after a conduction of a comprehensive search as directed by the PRISMA guidelines using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and, Semantic Scholar. Fifty-six studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were screened after which 42 studies on eugenol’s therapeutic effects in leukemia cells were found. 15 studies were finally included in the review table Results: It is found to induce reactive oxygen species and to inhibit tumor proliferation, as well as to improve the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutics, according to research. The selective toxicity of eugenol toward leukemic cells with minimal effect on healthy peripheral blood cells is thus particularly appealing as a basis for use in the clinic. Furthermore, in vitro, in vivo and silico experiments show that eugenol, in combination with current cancer treatments, would better promote therapeutic outcomes. Conclusions: It was concluded that eugenol represents a novel therapeutic direction in leukemia and thus offers a compelling candidate for future drug development.
Assessment of Risk Factors Causing Oral Cancer among Patients Visiting Dental OPD
Authors: Chandio Benish , Bhutto Seerat Ul Urooj , Shahzad Muhammad , Madhuri Maya , Panhwar Muhammad Ali , Siddiqui Amanullah , Kandhro Rehmatullah
Published: January 2025

In Pakistan, oral cavity cancer incidence rates are increasing making it the most common cancer, numbered as the second cancer in the list of cancers among males as well as females. Oral cancer is diagnosed frequently and is one of the leading causes of death in Pakistan. Worldwide, oral cancer is 6th most common cancer; in developing countries like Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka incidence is very high. Objective: To examine the risk factors causing oral cancer among patients visiting the dental Out Patients Department of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science, Jamshoro/Hyderabad. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science, Jamshoro/Hyderabad over a six-month duration. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 26 employing Pearson’s chi-square test. Results: Male were mostly affected as compared to female (76%). The mean age of the patients was noted as 46.62 years. Buccal mucosa was the most common site affected (45.5%). Smokeless tobacco products and smoking have a significant association with oral cancer (p-value=0.000). Conclusions: It was concluded that smokeless products are used more frequently than smoking and have more risk of increasing the incidence of oral cancer. Among all participants, 115 patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma.
E-Portfolios in Medical Education: A Reflective Exploration of Learning Experiences from Faculty Perspective
Authors: Talat Hajra , Zahra Anam , Sohail Hina , Naveed Manji Salima , Haider Naqvi Muhammad Moeed , Azhar Tayyaba
Published: January 2025

E-portfolios are electronic collections of evidence that the students gather over some time during their educational journey. The learner has the flexibility of incorporating not only written notes but also videos, audio and pictures in an e-portfolio. Objectives: To explore the perception of the mentors regarding the benefits and challenges of implementing an e-portfolio. Methods: It was a qualitative cross-sectional study. The mentors involved in mentoring the student's e-portfolio development process were invited for semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was performed to analyze the data and provide an understanding of the perception of the mentors regarding e-portfolios. Results: The -e-portfolio not only enhances digital literacy among the students but also promotes reflective practices through which they reflect on their learning experience and self-assess their areas of improvement while at the same time promoting lifelong learning. Implementation of e-portfolios is also associated with challenges which include technological hurdles, lack of digital infrastructure, internet connectivity, effective time management and content selection. Conclusions: It was concluded that despite the challenges, the ability to enhance skills through e-portfolios remains evident. The provision of digital structure and training can help the institutes achieve the full benefits of an e-portfolio.
Comparison of Miltefosine with Glucantime for the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Khan Sadiq , Kakakhel Syed Ihtisham , Amir Khan Umair , Shams Hina , Shams Saba , Rehman Shams ur , Hamza .
Published: January 2025

Cutaneous leishmaniasis, the most prevalent type of leishmaniasis, is a disease characterized by ulcerative skin lesions. Objectives: To compare the safety, efficacy, and patients' satisfaction of glucantime with that of miltefosine in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan. Methods: A quasi experimental study design was conducted at Bacha Khan Medical Complex from 17th August 2023 to 18th November 2023, Swabi among 150 cutaneous leishmaniasis-diagnosed patients. The sample size consists of 150 patients which was divided into equal groups. Group 1 (treated with oral Miltefosine) and Group 2 (received intramuscular Glucantime). A 12-week post-treatment follow-up was conducted to assess treatment efficacy, side effects, and patient satisfaction. Chi-square tests and other statistical analyses were utilized to compare the two groups' results. Results: Complete lesion healing was observed at a considerably greater rate in the Miltefosine group (86%) than in the Glucantime group (68%, p<0.05). Compared to 35% of patients in the Glucantime group had major adverse reactions, including injection site pain and systemic symptoms. There was a lower rate of adverse events in the Miltefosine group (20%) with most being mild gastrointestinal symptoms. Miltefosine (90%) had also a better acceptability rate from patients compared to Glucantime (65%, p<0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that when treating cutaneous leishmaniasis, miltefosine was shown to be more efficient, secure, and well-tolerated than glucantime. It is advised that more research be done to evaluate long-term results and wider application.
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Pregnancy: Stress Responses and Fetal Neurodevelopment
Authors: Afridi Aafia , Adam Mohammedelfateh , Pathan Soobia , Ali Karam , Ahsan Naveed , Sarwer Aneela , Ali Akram
Published: January 2025

BDNF was a protein that has crucial role in development of brain in fetuses however its levels were affected by maternal stress response that cause complications. Objective: To study the effects of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in stress response during pregnancy on developing fetus in order to bring clinicopathological correlations. Methods: As PRISMA guidelines suggested, an extensive database search was made from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for articles that were released between 2016 and 2024. Included studies analyzed differences in BDNF as a function of maternal stress responses expressed by increased levels of maternal stress activity and changes in maternal brain. This review also included fetal neurodevelopmental issues which related to brain development and stress biomarkers. Google Scholar was used for 60% of the articles with various locations. Results: The review also revealed strong relations between high levels of BDNF and mothers’ stress reactions that included tangible changes in cortisol levels and some parts of the brain as the amygdaloid complex. The effect of maternal stress was observed to be regulated through alteration of brain plasticity by BDNF. Additionally, maternal BDNF concentration has been associated with the changes in fetal brain development such as modifications in brain weight and stress related biomarkers in cord blood serum samples. Conclusions: Maternal stress was hence a critical driver of neurodevelopmental outcomes of fetuses and newborns through BDNF. If implemented, this information may help to understand how BDNF regulates the types of stresses that a mother experiences along with fetal brain development.
Developing a new method to uncover skills trends in emerging economies using online data and NLP techniques
Authors: Boschetti Adamczyk Willian , Escudero Verónica , Liepmann Hannah , Boehmer Simon , Delaporte Isaure ,   International Labour Organization,
Published: January 2025

This research brief outlines a novel methodology using online big data and natural language processing (NLP) to analyze transferable skills trends across diverse sectors and countries, offering insights into skills demand, supply, mismatches, and their relationship to job quality and transitions.