bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary and Secondary Reflective Color Realized by Full‐Solution‐Processed Multi‐Layer Structures
Authors: Feng Wei‐Jie , Ji Chengang , Guo L. Jay
Published: April 2023

A full solution‐based method is reported to fabricate multilayer thin film stacks for structural color applications. This is in contrast to the conventional fabrication methods that require high vacuum processes such as physical vapor deposition and magnetron sputtering, which significantly limits their practical use due to the high cost and long processing time. Copper/silicon dioxide/copper (Cu/SiO2/Cu) and copper/titanium dioxide/copper (Cu/TiO2/Cu) are chosen as the model system due to their simple structure and wide color tunability. A systematic investigation is carried out for each layer to ensure good film quality as well as its compatibility with all previous layers. Especially, a particulate Cu layer having optical properties distinct from that of bulk is obtained through such solution deposition, where the refractive index of Cu can be continuously tuned with deposition time. Both primary and secondary colors are achieved with a continuous manipulation of both the dielectric thickness and top Cu morphology on different substrates (e.g., silicon, glass, plastics, etc.).
Brønsted Base‐Catalyzed Direct 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of Butenolide to p‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Cui Jin , Samanta Sadhanendu , Watanabe Takumi , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: April 2023

Butyrolactones are prevalent structural elements in many natural products. Vinylogous conjugate additions of butenolides are among the most promising synthetic methods for generating natural products and/or natural product‐like compounds with potential biological activities. In this report, direct 1,6‐conjugate addition of butenolide to p‐quinone methides via Brønsted base catalysis was performed, which provides an efficient route to interesting molecules. The reaction proceeds with a regioselective γ‐attack of butenolide and shows good functional group tolerance.
Enhanced permeability and antifouling properties of polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membrane with hydrophilic P(AMPS‐co‐MMA) copolymer
Authors: Hui Wang , Mengbing Cui , Heng Chen , Jizheng Feng , Yan Zeng , Hangyue Zhou , Gairong Chen
Published: April 2023

In this research, a new amphiphilic random copolymer of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (abbreviated as P(AMPS‐co‐MMA)) was synthesized by solution free radical copolymerization method, and was introduced into hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane via nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) process without adding pore‐forming agent to enhance the permeability and antifouling properties of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane. The FT‐NMR spectroscopy confirmed the chemical structure of P(AMPS‐co‐MMA) and copolymerization of AMPS and MMA, the effects of P(AMPS‐co‐MMA) on membrane surface chemical compositions, morphology, roughness, charge, hydrophilicity, permeability and antifouling properties were characterized in‐detail. The results indicate that the PVDF/P(AMPS‐co‐MMA) composite membranes demonstrated excellent permeability, improved antifouling property and long‐term stability due to the optimized membrane microstructure, stronger hydrophilicity and endowed negative charge. The PVDF composite membrane blended with 1.5 wt% P(AMPS‐co‐MMA) showed the best membrane performances, the pure water flux was 286.5 L·m−2·h−1 while the BSA rejection was as high as 98%, and the flux recovery ratio (FRR) and reversible fouling ratio to the total fouling ratio (Rr/Rt) reached 94.8% and 87% respectively, which outpaced ever reported and commercial PVDF membranes. Therefore, P(AMPS‐co‐MMA) copolymer was expected to be a potential excellent pore‐forming material in fabricating high‐performance membranes.
From cradle to public care: The Austrian health care system and psychoanalysis
Authors: Hajek Gisela , Bernstein Jeanne Wolff
Published: April 2023

In the following text the Austrian health system will be presented as well as its current model for training psychoanalysts. In Austria, everyone has an equal right to health insurance, no matter whether they are working or unemployed, on maternity leave or legally approved as refugees. With regard to psychotherapy, 24 psychotherapeutic modalities are currently recognized by the Austrian health care system. Patients can rely on a partial or full reimbursement when they engage in psychotherapy, no matter what modality they choose. Most training institutions and universities have walk‐in clinics where the general public and students can make their first contacts with psychotherapy. There are also psychoanalytic clinics, specifically tailored towards women, children and refugees at very low or no cost to them. If a patient can obtain a Kassenplatz at a psychoanalyst, s/he can benefit from long‐term therapy that is largely refunded by the Austrian State insurance company.
Decentralized ϵ‐Nash strategy for linear quadratic mean field games using a successive approximation approach
Authors: Xu Zhenhui , Shen Tielong
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a successive approximation method for decentralized strategy design in the large‐scale linear quadratic (LQ) Gaussian game. The strategy consists of transforming the original mean field game (MFG) problem into solving decoupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) whose numerical solutions are obtained by a new two‐loop iteration algorithm. It should be noted that we employ the augmented model technique and the LQ framework to derive these low‐dimensional solvable ODEs, which is the cornerstone of constructing the decentralized
‐Nash strategy. In addition, the quadratic ODEs contained therein are approximately solved for by a sequence of iterative linear ordinary differential equations (LODEs) with guaranteed convergence. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Clinical efficacy of the first two doses of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines in solid cancer patients
Authors: Cona Maria Silvia , Riva Agostino , Dalu Davide , Gabrieli Arianna , Fasola Cinzia , Lipari Giuseppe , Pozza Giacomo , Rulli Eliana , Galli Francesca , Ruggieri Lorenzo , Masedu Elsa , Parma Gaia , Chizzoniti Davide , Gambaro Anna , Ferrario Sabrina , Antista Maria , De Monte Matteo , Tarkowski Maciej S. , La Verde Nicla
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Cancer patients are frail individuals, thus the prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is essential. To date, vaccination is the most effective tool to prevent COVID‐19. In a previous study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of two doses of mRNA‐based vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273) in solid cancer patients. We found that seroconversion rate in cancer patients without a previous exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 was lower than in healthy controls (66.7% vs. 95%, p = 0.0020). The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the vaccination in the same population.

Methods

This is a single‐institution, prospective observational study. Data were collected through a predefined questionnaire through phone call in the period between the second and third vaccine dose. The primary objective was to describe the clinical efficacy of the vaccination, defined as the percentage of vaccinated subjects who did not develop symptomatic COVID‐19 within 6 months after the second dose. The secondary objective was to describe the clinical features of patients who developed COVID‐19.

Results

From January to June 2021, 195 cancer patients were enrolled. Considering that 7 (3.59%) patients tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 and 5 developed symptomatic disease, the clinical efficacy of the vaccination was 97.4%. COVID‐19 disease in most patients was mild and managed at home; only one hospitalization was recorded and no patient required hospitalization in the intensive care unit.

Discussion

Our study suggests that increasing vaccination coverage, including booster doses, could improve the prevention of infection, hospitalization, serious illness, and death in the frail population of cancer patients.
Analysis of thymic generation of shared T‐cell receptor α repertoire associated with recognition of tumor antigens shows no preference for neoantigens over wild‐type antigens
Authors: Mattila Joonatan , Sormunen Silja , Heikkilä Nelli , Mattila Ilkka P. , Saramäki Jari , Arstila T. Petteri
Published: April 2023

Background

The number of mutations in cancer cells is an important predictor of a positive response to cancer immunotherapy. It has been suggested that the neoantigens produced by these mutations are more immunogenic than nonmutated tumor antigens, which are likely to be protected by immunological tolerance. However, the mechanisms of tolerance as regards tumor antigens are incompletely understood.

Methods

Here, we have analyzed the impact of thymic negative selection on shared T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire associated with the recognition of either mutated or nonmutated tumor antigens by comparing previously known TCR—antigen—pairs to TCR repertoires of 21 immunologically healthy individuals.

Results

Our results show that TCRα chains associated with either type of tumor antigens are readily generated in the thymus, at a frequency similar to TCRα chains associated with nonself. In the peripheral repertoire, the relative clone size of nonself‐associated chains is higher than that of the tumor antigens, but importantly, there is no difference between TCRα chains associated with mutated or nonmutated tumor antigens.

Conclusion

This suggests that the tolerance mechanisms protecting nonmutated tumor antigens are non‐deletional and therefore potentially reversible. As unmutated antigens are, unlike mutations, shared by a large number of patients, they may offer advantages in designing immunological approaches to cancer treatment.
Der Rote Keulenkopf
Authors: Petersen Frank
Published: April 2023

Zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts begannen sich pharmazeutische Chemiker mit den Alkaloiden der Keulenkopf‐Sklerotien zu beschäftigten. Der Savoyer Apotheker Joseph Bonjean aus Chambéry entwickelte einen Mutterkornextrakt zu einem kommerziell erfolgreichen Medikament, das auch in den USA vermarktet wurde. Kurz darauf erkannte der französische Mykologe Louis‐René Tulasne im Mutterkorn die Überdauerungsform eines Pilzes, den er Claviceps purpurea nannte. 1877 publizierte der französische Apotheker Charles Tanret die Herstellung eines kristallinen Substanzpräparats aus einem alkoholischen Ergotextrakt. Auch wenn es sich später als nicht wirksam erwies, kommt ihm das Verdienst zu, die ersten Mutterkornalkaloide als Gemisch kristallisiert zu haben. Nach Jahrzehnten des quälenden wissenschaftlichen Irrlichterns gewannen 1906 die britischen Forscher George Barger, Francis Carr und Henry Dale bei Burroughs, Wellcome & Co. wieder ein kristallines Präparat, das dieses Mal die gesuchte pharmakologische Wirkung besaß. Es wurde Ergotoxin genannt und unter dem Handelsnamen Ernutin® in die Gynäkologie und Geburtsmedizin eingeführt.
Untersuchung von Pflanzen mittels Chlorophyllfluoreszenz
Authors: Wrenger Hanno
Published: April 2023

Beim Vertical Farming ist es neben der Optimierung des Keimprozesses wichtig, die Fitness der Vegetation bewerten zu können. Dafür dient in der vorgestellten Arbeit die Messung der Chlorophyllfluoreszenz (CF).
3‐Pyrrolyl BODIPY Based Schiff Base Fluorophores: A Selective Chemodosimetric and Optical Sensor for Diethyl Chlorophosphate
Authors: Behera Kanhu Charan , Mohanty Roshnara , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: April 2023

Diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP), an organophosphate, is utilized as a pesticide, herbicide, and for various other applications. Despite many uses of organophosphates, the organophosphates are noxious and harmful substances, and their selective detection is a critical concern in the context of the environment, physiology, and social security. In a methodological quest, here we have synthesized two Schiff base compounds 1 and 2 by introducing the hydroxyl group at the α‐position of 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY either directly as hydroxylamine 1 or at the ortho position of aryl ring as 2‐aminophenol 2. Both compounds 1 and 2 exhibited high selectivity and high sensitivity for DCP over other pesticides in the aqueous‐alcoholic medium at physiological pH. This occurs via nucleophilic phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group, which resulted in both compounds exhibiting two different optical signals following the structure‐function correlation of the pyrrolyl BODIPY systems. Upon binding DCP, compound 1 showed a quenching in the optical spectrum because of phosphorylation of hydroxyl group whereas compound 2 exhibited enhancements in both absorption and fluorescence spectra because of hydroxyl phosphorylation followed by intramolecular cyclization. Furthermore, the fluorescent microscopy experiments also indicated that the compound could be used as a fluorescent compound for sensing DCP in plant tissues.
Performance evaluation of lithium battery pack based on MATLAB simulation with lumped parameter thermal model
Authors: Zeng Liteng , Hu Yuli , Lu Chengyi , Pan Guang
Published: April 2023

The capacity of lithium batteries varies under different temperature conditions. However, many studies still neglect the influence of temperature on battery capacity. Besides, some studies only considered the combination of the heat and electricity of the battery monomer and failed to study the performance of the battery pack in groups. This paper investigates a new method for dynamic situations that takes the influence of temperature on battery capacity into consideration. After acquiring the parameter through experiment, we can substitute the performance parameters into the thermoelectric coupling model and use MATLAB to realize the iterative calculation of thermoelectric coupling. By combining the grouping mode with the model, we can simulate the thermodynamic and electrical properties of the battery cell in the pack. The novelty is evident because the paper focused on the battery pack instead of a single cell and the lumped parameter thermal model is adopted. Besides, the method proposed in this paper considered the influence of temperature on battery capacity. The program of calculation process can be solidified on the vehicle system. After the simulation, we can get the available capacity of the battery pack at different initial temperatures, with different grouping modes and different inconsistency of parameters. The results predicted by MATLAB model are compared with the results of MATLAB‐FLUENT thermoelectric coupling simulation. The result reflects that the prediction by the MATLAB model about the available capacity, temperature, and residual electricity is of good precision.
腹臥位から仰臥位へ体位交換時に肺血栓塞栓症を発症した重症COVID–19肺炎の2例(Two cases of pulmonary embolism after position change from prone position during mechanical ventilation due to severe COVID–19 pneumonia)
Authors: 夏奈 宇野 , 健夫 松吉 , 裕一 佐藤 , 佑一 堀越 , 大聡 鈴木 , 敬樹 清水
Published: April 2023

COVID–19肺炎では腹臥位呼吸療法の有効性が注目されている。今回，腹臥位から仰臥位への体位交換時に発症した肺血栓塞栓症を2例経験したので報告する。1例目は59歳の男性，発症11日目に人工呼吸を開始し，15日目から腹臥位呼吸療法を開始した。17日目に仰臥位へ体位交換した30分後より，SpO2が94%から85%へと低下し，心拍数も90bpmから120bpmへ上昇した。D–ダイマーが9.2μg/mLから22.5μg/mLへ上昇していたため，肺血栓塞栓症を疑い，造影CTで左肺動脈血栓が判明した。2例目は46歳の男性，発症13日目で人工呼吸を開始し，同日腹臥位呼吸療法を開始した。14日目に仰臥位へ体位交換した10分後より血圧低下，12分後からSpO2が97%から84%へと低下した。D–ダイマーが5.6μg/mLから48.1μg/mLへ上昇していたことと，心臓超音波検査で右心負荷所見がみられたことから肺血栓塞栓症を疑い，造影CTで左内頸静脈血栓と右肺動脈血栓が判明した。今回の2症例は，いずれも腹臥位から仰臥位に体位交換した際に肺血栓塞栓症を発症しており，いずれも中心静脈カテーテル挿入側の内頸静脈に血栓を認めた。長時間の腹臥位から仰臥位への体位交換は，内頸静脈血栓から肺血栓塞栓症を発症させる可能性が示唆され，バイタルサインに留意して行うことが望ましい。
頸髄損傷に合併した経鼻胃管症候群の1例(A case of nasogastric tube syndrome with cervical spinal injury)
Authors: 嵩弥 西浦 , 貴之 野間 , 新史 小川 , 知輝 山田 , 晴彦 中江 , 靖明 水島
Published: April 2023

経鼻胃管症候群とは，経鼻胃管留置後に咽頭痛，両側声帯の外転麻痺，喉頭浮腫を発症する症候群である。両側声帯麻痺を認めれば気道緊急を要し，しばしば致命的となる。症例は46歳の男性。墜落外傷により当院搬送となった。精査の結果，外傷性くも膜下出血，第6・7頸椎・第6–10胸椎骨折，第6・7頸髄・第6–8胸髄損傷と診断し，入院加療を開始した。第2病日麻痺性イレウスを発症し，経鼻胃管を留置し，減圧加療を開始した。第11病日吸気性喘鳴を聴取し，酸素8L/分投与下でSpO2（経皮的酸素分圧）88%まで低下を認めた。喉頭ファイバースコピー検査で両側声帯麻痺を認め，気道緊急として経口気管挿管を施行し，人工呼吸管理を開始した。第14病日気管切開術を施行した。第39病日声帯麻痺の治癒を確認した。第45病日リハビリテーション目的に転院した。
COVID–19肺炎に合併した特発性血小板減少性紫斑病の1例(A case of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura complicated by COVID–19 pneumonia)
Authors: 領一 加藤 , 章倫 大須賀 , 大樹 宮尾 , 周一 浅野 , 智文 柴田
Published: April 2023

症例は73歳の女性。咳嗽が出現し近医を受診しCOVID–19と診断された。自宅療養中に呼吸困難が出現し第9病日に当院に救急搬送されCOVID–19中等症IIの診断で入院となった。第18病日に高熱とともに呼吸・循環動態が悪化し，凝固異常が出現した。尿路感染による敗血症性ショックと続発するDICと診断した。挿管・人工呼吸器管理とし同日ICUに入室した。数日で全身状態は改善，昇圧剤も離脱できたが，第23病日に突然血小板が5,000/µLまで低下した。検査所見や臨床経過からヘパリン起因性血小板減少症，敗血症性DIC，血栓性血小板減少性紫斑病などを除外し，特発性血小板減少性紫斑病（idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: ITP）と診断した。血小板輸血・免疫グロブリン大量静注療法・トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬を直ちに投与開始したところ，血小板は数日で安全域まで回復した。ITPの標準的治療により重篤な出血症状を出現させることなく適切に治療しえた。COVID–19の経過中に血小板減少を引き起こす病態の一つにITPがある。報告は本邦ではまだ少なく，COVID–19合併ITPの認知度は十分であるとは言えない。COVID–19の治療には抗凝固療法が行われることもあり，ITPのような出血リスクの高い疾患を早期に診断し適切に治療することは重要である。
血胸を伴う出血性ショックを来した左胃動脈瘤破裂の1例(A ruptured aneurysm of left gastric artery that progressed to right hemothorax: a case report)
Authors: 鴻介 二宮 , 悠香 三宅 , 晴喜 中城 , 龍之介 竹内 , 裕一 佐藤 , 光一 田中 , 健介 馬越
Published: April 2023

症例は50歳代女性，心窩部痛と呼吸苦で発症し，近医にて胸水を指摘されて前医を受診した。前医では，単純CT検査で血性胸腹水，食道壁肥厚，膵周囲の脂肪織濃度の上昇を認め，2日間加療したが改善を認めないため精査目的に当院へ紹介された。来院時，四肢末梢に湿潤を認め，脈拍110/分，血圧80/50mmHg（ドパミン9μg/kg/min）であった。造影CT検査で右血性胸水と食道裂孔ヘルニア，胸部中部以下の食道から胃噴門部小弯側にかけての血腫を認めたが，食道や肺野など胸部には出血源を認めなかった。腹腔内には血性腹水とともに，胸部中部食道周囲から胃小彎側に連続する血腫を認め，内部に直径1.5cmの左胃動脈瘤を認めた。左胃動脈瘤破裂による出血が，食道裂孔を介して縦隔へ進展し，胸腔内に穿破して血胸に至ったものと推測した。血胸に対して単回の胸腔穿刺，左胃動脈瘤破裂に対して血管造影による塞栓術を施行した。翌日から経口摂取を開始し，血胸が再燃することもなく経過は良好で，第22病日に自宅退院した。腹部内臓動脈瘤破裂による出血が食道裂孔を介して胸腔内に穿破し，血胸を契機に診断された稀な症例を経験したので報告する。
The observed features and some possible reasons of annual temperature extremes over Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region for a century long‐term based on newly constructed daily observations
Authors: Si Peng , Wang Min , Li Mingcai , Wang Yanan , Guo Yudi , Yang Yanjuan , Wang Jing
Published: April 2023

The observation facts of trend and variability are estimated for a century‐long timescale, as well as some possible attributions affecting temperature extremes over Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region. In this paper, the new constructed daily maximum and minimum temperature series during the last 100 years in situ stations of Beijing, Tianjin and Baoding city are used, and two 30‐year baseline climatology of 1961–1990 and 1980–2010 are both used in calculating extreme temperature events. The results indicate that there are long‐lasting, frequent and serious extreme warming over Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region, especially for extreme low temperature, with larger declining trends (at 5% significance) from 1981 to 2010 baseline than those from 1961 to 1990 baseline. And from a statistical perspective, El Niño decay years and surface sea temperature (SST) anomalies at some typical ocean regions of the Arabian Sea and the Bengal Bay on the northern Indian Ocean, the Western Pacific and the Mid Atlantic, Southern Indian Ocean and around 45°–85°E, 68°–82°N on the southwest Arctic Ocean can be used as the warning signals denoting extreme warming over Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region. Additionally, urbanization has a significant (at 5% significance) effect on extreme warming over Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region since 1979, with 24.3% warming contribution for annual minimum temperature.
Multidisciplinary approach needed to treat eating disorders
Authors: Lake Rebecca
Published: April 2023

Eating disorders affect people of every race, age, sexual orientation and gender. Approximately 9% of the U.S. and worldwide populations have an eating disorder. It is important for mental health providers to recognize when to recommend their patient seeks help from a nutrition professional, and ways they can help their patients find the best community nutritional health services for them.
Global stability of multi‐group SAIRS epidemic models
Authors: Ottaviano Stefania , Sensi Mattia , Sottile Sara
Published: April 2023

We study a multi‐group SAIRS‐type epidemic model with vaccination. The role of asymptomatic and symptomatic infectious individuals is explicitly considered in the transmission pattern of the disease among the groups in which the population is divided. This is a natural extension of the homogeneous mixing SAIRS model with vaccination studied in Ottaviano et. al (2021) to a network of communities. We provide a global stability analysis for the model. We determine the value of the basic reproduction number
and prove that the disease‐free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if
. In the case of the SAIRS model without vaccination, we prove the global asymptotic stability of the disease‐free equilibrium also when
. Moreover, if
, the disease‐free equilibrium is unstable and a unique endemic equilibrium exists. First, we investigate the local asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium and subsequently its global stability, for two variations of the original model. Last, we provide numerical simulations to compare the epidemic spreading on different networks topologies.
Myasthenic crisis
Authors: Claytor Benjamin , Cho Sung‐Min , Li Yuebing
Published: April 2023

Myasthenic crisis (MC) is a life‐threatening manifestation of myasthenia gravis (MG) defined by respiratory insufficiency that requires the use of invasive or non‐invasive ventilation. This is often the result of respiratory muscle weakness but can also be due to bulbar weakness with upper airway collapse. MC occurs in approximately 15%–20% of patients with MG usually within the first 2 to 3 y of the disease course. Many crises have a specific trigger with respiratory infections being most common; however, no specific trigger is found in 30%–40% of patients. MG patients with a history of MC, severe disease, oropharyngeal weakness, muscle‐specific kinase (MuSK) antibodies and thymoma appear to be at higher risk. Most episodes of MC do not occur suddenly, providing a window of opportunity for prevention. Immediate treatment is directed toward airway management and removing any identified triggers. Plasmapheresis is preferred over intravenous immune globulin as the treatments of choice for MC. The majority of patients are able to be weaned from mechanical ventilation within 1 mo and the outcomes of MC are generally favorable. The mortality rate in United States cohorts is less than 5% and mortality in MC seems to be driven by age and other medical co‐morbidities. MC does not appear to affect long‐term prognosis as many patients are able to eventually achieve good MG control.
Sleep‐related problems as a mediator in the association between depression and work–family conflict in middle‐aged female workers: A population‐based study
Authors: Lee Yoonjeong , Ryu Mikyung
Published: April 2023

Aim

To investigate the mediating effect of sleep‐related problems on the relationship between depression and work–family conflicts (WFCs) among middle‐aged female workers.

Design

Secondary analysis of cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Overall, 15,718 female workers aged 40–65 years from the Sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) were included. Depression was assessed using the WHO‐5 wellbeing index; sleep‐related problems and WFCs were measured with five items on a Likert scale. The mediating effect of sleep‐related problems between depression and WFCs was analysed using model 4 of Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS.

Results

There was a significant positive correlation between depression and both sleep‐related problems (r = 0.225, p < 0.001) and WFCs (r = 0.124, p < 0.001). Depression also had a significant effect on sleep‐related problems (β = 0.221, p < 0.001) and WFCs (β=0.061, p < 0.001). Sleep‐related problems had a significant effect on WFCs (β = 0.282, p < 0.001). The indirect effect of depression on WFCs by mediating sleep‐related problems was β = 0.062 (95% bootstrap confidence interval = 0.057–0.068). The study also confirmed the significance of the mediating effect of sleep‐related problems in the relationship between depression and WFCs.
Five questions with Tracy Jackson of Duquesne University
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: April 2023

On occasion, our marketing column will profile a communications professional via a “Five questions with” feature to give you an inside look at what's happening in departments like yours. This month, we introduce you to Tracy Jackson, executive director of marketing at Duquesne University. Located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Duquesne, a Catholic University, is the only Spiritan institution of higher education in the country. (Spiritans are part of a Roman Catholic group founded in France in 1703 called the Congregation of the Holy Spirit.)
Southern New Hampshire's Paul LeBlanc on attracting adult learners, managing successful change, and ChatGPT
Authors: D'Orio Wayne
Published: April 2023

When you think of the challenges facing college leaders today, from how to navigate the upcoming enrollment cliff to creating classes that may have to toggle between face‐to‐face and online to managing seismic upheaval in campus norms, it seems like there might be one leader who has found success in all of these areas.
High temperature in situ impact testing of hybrid thermoplastic polyether ether ketone laminates
Authors: Vieille B. , Pujols‐Gonzalez J.‐D. , Bouvet C. , Breteau T. , Gautrelet C.
Published: April 2023

In order to evaluate the severity of thermal degradation on the impact response of carbon (C) and glass (G) fibers reinforced polyether ether ketone laminates, low velocity impact tests have been conducted at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature (150°C). An instrumented Charpy pendulum (CP) equipped with a heating device was specifically designed to estimate its capability to perform low velocity impact tests at high temperature. The first important effect resulting from temperature increase is a reduction of the impact energy required to induce the barely visible impact damage (BVID), whose role is utmost important regarding the damage tolerance. The second effect is that temperature has also a tremendous influence on the internal damage as there is virtually no delamination at high temperature for impact energies. Finally, compared with the impact behaviors observed with the same laminates impacted with a drop tower and quasi‐static indentation, the impact velocity is about 2.5–3 times as low during CP impacts. As a result, slow loading rates are instrumental in increasing both the dissipated energies and the permanent indentation (PI) values (1.6–2 times as high) that are always higher than the BVID. Ultimately, as higher PI is usually correlated to higher impact damage tolerance.
Seed yield improvement in navy bean: Registration of ‘ND Polar’
Authors: Osorno Juan M. , Simons Kristin J. , Erfatpour Mohammad , Vander Wal Albert J. , Posch John , Grafton Kenneth F.
Published: April 2023

‘ND Polar’ (Reg. no. CV‐349, PI 700767) is a new navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar developed by the Dry Edible Bean Breeding Program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. ND Polar was developed using a modified pedigree method (F1–F5), followed by pure line selection based on agronomic performance, disease resistance, and seed quality characteristics. With ∼16% of the total dry bean production in the United States, navy bean is the third most important market class after pinto and black. Accounting for 35% of the total production, North Dakota is the largest producer of dry bean in the United States. Between 2015 and 2021, ND Polar was tested across 23 environments in North Dakota, where seed yield was significantly higher than ‘HMS Medalist’, ‘Blizzard’, and ‘Ensign’ and similar to ‘T9905’. ND Polar is resistant to Bean common mosaic virus and has intermediate resistance to common bacterial blight. ND Polar has desirable upright architecture to facilitate direct harvest. Under North Dakota environments, ND Polar shows an average plant height of 52 cm, has a 100‐seed weight of 18.3 g, and matures in 102 days. Canning quality was rated as acceptable. Similar to the commercial checks, ND Polar is susceptible to local races/strains of the bean rust pathogen, anthracnose, and white mold. Other traits of agronomic and economic importance are within acceptable ranges.
Communication about hereditary cancer risk to offspring: A systematic review of children's perspective
Authors: Lima Esperança , Esplen Mary Jane , Martins Filipa , Alves Marisa , Sales Célia M. D.
Published: April 2023

Objective

The present review describes how children experience hereditary cancer risk communication within the family.

Methods

Searches for studies between 1990 and 2020 on PubMed and EBSCO were undertaken, and 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. The findings informed: (1) how, when and what is discussed about hereditary cancer risk in the family; (2) how does family communication about hereditary cancer risk impact children on psychosocial and behavioral outcomes; (3) what are the child's preferences regarding hereditary cancer risk communication within the family.

Results

Disclosure is done mostly by both parents, or mothers only, which is in accordance with the children's preferences. Children value open communication about cancer risk with their parents, although they report experiences of fear, surprise, feeling unhappy, and concern about the increased risk of cancer. Regardless of the method of disclosure, children may be particularly sensitive to their parent's emotional state at the time of disclosure, and they learn from their parents' experiences the potential implications of cancer risk. Children also report that it would be helpful to learn more about genetic cancer syndromes via written materials, and/or meet a genetic counselor.

Conclusions

Children rely on their parents as the primary models of the hereditary cancer experience. Therefore, parents play a central role in the psychological adjustment of children. Findings point to the relevance of family‐centered care in hereditary cancer risk that targets not only the mutation carrier individually but also their children and partners.
The effects of flavonoids in experimental sepsis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Rodrigues Junior Edinildo , de Santana Izabel Rodrigues , Durço Aimée Obolari , Conceição Lino Sérgio Rocha , Barreto André Sales , Menezes Igor Alexandre Cortês , Roman‐Campos Danilo , dos Santos Márcio Roberto Viana
Published: April 2023

Sepsis is a host's dysregulated immune response to an infection associated with systemic inflammation and excessive oxidative stress, which can cause multiple organ failure and death. The literature suggests that flavonoids, a broad class of secondary plant metabolites, have numerous biological activities which can be valuable in the treatment of sepsis. This study aimed to review the effects of flavonoids on experimental sepsis, focusing mainly on survival rate, and also summarizing information on its mechanisms of action. We searched in the main databases up to November 2022 using relevant keywords, and data were extracted and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Thirty‐two articles met the study criteria for review and 29 for meta‐analysis. Overall, 30 different flavonoids were used in the studies. The flavonoids were able to strongly inhibit inflammatory response by reducing the levels of important pro‐inflammatory mediators, for example, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin‐1β, oxidative stress, and showed antibacterial and anti‐apoptotic actions. The meta‐analysis found an increase of 50% in survival rate of the animals treated with flavonoids. They appear to act as multi‐target drugs and may be an excellent therapeutic alternative to reduce a number of the complications caused by sepsis, and consequently, to improve survival rate.
Dynamic‐event‐based state estimation of complex networks against attacks and innovation outliers: The probability constraint case
Authors: Chen Yun , Meng Xueyang , Lu Renquan , Xue Anke
Published: April 2023

This article is devoted to the state estimation issue under probability constraint for a class of time‐varying stochastic complex networks with uncertain inner couplings and cyber‐attacks. To save the communication energy, the dynamic event‐triggered strategy is deployed in each individual sensor‐to‐estimator channel to govern the data transmissions. A multi‐attack model incorporating two different deception signals is considered to describe the phenomenon of randomly occurring cyber‐attacks. The saturation‐type function is involved to reduce the possible innovation outliers resulting from the hostile deception signals. A sufficient condition is first developed to guarantee the probability performance constraint on estimation error dynamics over certain finite horizon, and then the suitable state estimator gains are derived by means of a set of matrix inequalities. Subsequently, a recursive algorithm is put forward for the addressed finite‐horizon state estimator design problem. Finally, the validity of the proposed state estimation scheme is testified by a numerical example.
Stability analysis for stochastic time‐delayed systems allowing admissible edge‐dependent switching signals
Authors: Wang Zhenyue , Zhu Quanxin
Published: April 2023

This article extends stochastic input‐to‐state stability () to stochastic time‐delayed hybrid systems with the properties of edge dependent. By quoting multiple Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, comparison principle in association with admissible edge‐dependent average dwell time () approach and admissible amputated edge‐dependent average impulsive interval () technology, several novel stability criteria of hybrid time‐delayed stochastic systems are established. We allow impulsive jump and subsystem switching to occur at different instants. Furthermore, a new method named AAED‐AII is recommended for gap between impulses, which is an improvement for mode‐dependent average impulsive interval. Finally, a practical example is given to show the effectiveness of the new design techniques.
Metal‐Oxide Heterojunction Optoelectronic Synapse and Multilevel Memory Devices Enabled by Broad Spectral Photocarrier Modulation
Authors: Kim Jeehoon , Song Seungho , Lee Jong‐Min , Nam San , Kim Jaehyun , Hwang Do Kyung , Park Sung Kyu , Kim Yong‐Hoon
Published: April 2023

Broad spectral response and high photoelectric conversion efficiency are key milestones for realizing multifunctional, low‐power optoelectronic devices such as artificial synapse and reconfigurable memory devices. Nevertheless, the wide bandgap and narrow spectral response of metal‐oxide semiconductors are problematic for efficient metal‐oxide optoelectronic devices such as photonic synapse and optical memory devices. Here, a simple titania (TiO2)/indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) heterojunction structure is proposed for efficient multifunctional optoelectronic devices, enabling widen spectral response range and high photoresponsivity. By overlaying a TiO2 film on IGZO, the light absorption range extends to red light, along with enhanced photoresponsivity in the full visible light region. By implementing the TiO2/IGZO heterojunction structure, various synaptic behaviors are successfully emulated such as short‐term memory/long‐term memory and paired pulse facilitation. Also, the TiO2/IGZO synaptic transistor exhibits a recognition rate up to 90.3% in recognizing handwritten digit images. Moreover, by regulating the photocarrier dynamics and retention behavior using gate‐bias modulation, a reconfigurable multilevel (≥8 states) memory is demonstrated using visible light.
Parallel Aluminum‐Cobalt Oxide Nanosheet Arrays with High‐Temperature Ferromagnetism
Authors: Chen Leilei , Huang Rong , Ke Xiaoxing , Yu Jin , Zhang Tiantian , Maurice Jean‐Luc , Li Jiheng , Li Kai , Ni Lifeng , Huang Shuzhao , Ren Tiezhen , He Zhanbing
Published: April 2023

Parallel nanomaterials possess unique properties and show potential applications in industry. Whereas, vertically aligned 2D nanomaterials have plane orientations that are generally chaotic. Simultaneous control of their growth direction and spatial orientation for parallel nanosheets remains a big challenge. Here, a facile preparation of vertically aligned parallel nanosheet arrays of aluminum‐cobalt oxide is reported via a collaborative dealloying and hydrothermal method. The parallel growth of nanosheets is attributed to the lattice‐matching among the nanosheets, the buffer layer, and the substrate, which is verified by a careful transmission electron microscopy study. Furthermore, the aluminum‐cobalt oxide nanosheets exhibit high‐temperature ferromagnetism with a 919 K Curie temperature and a 5.22 emu g−1saturation magnetization at 300 K, implying the potential applications in high‐temperature ferromagnetic fields.
Scalable Fabrication of Nacre‐Structured Graphene/Polytetrafluoroethylene Films for Outstanding EMI Shielding Under Extreme Environment
Authors: Wei Qiyi , Li Liang , Deng Zhen , Wan Gengping , Zhang Ying , Du Changlong , Su Yanran , Wang Guizhen
Published: April 2023

In this work, inspired by the great advantage of the unique “brick‐mortar” layered structure as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, a multifunctional flexible graphene nanosheets (GNS)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite film with excellent EMI shielding effects, impressive Joule heating performance, and light‐to‐heat conversion efficiency is fabricated based on the self‐emulsifying process of PTFE. Both PTFE microspheres and nanofibers are employed together for the first time as “sand and cement” to build unique nacre‐structured EMI shielding materials. Such configuration can obviously enhance the adhesion of composites and improve their mechanical property for the application under extreme environment. Moreover, the simple and effective repetitive roll pressing method can be used for the scalable production in industrialization. The GNS/PTFE composite film shows a high EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 50.85 dB. Furthermore, it has a high thermal conductivity of 16.54 W (m K)−1, good flexibility, and recyclable properties. The excellent fire‐resistant and hydrophobic properties of GNS/PTFE film also ensure its reliability and safety in practical application. In conclusion, the GNS/PTFE film demonstrates the potential for industrial manufacturing, and outstanding EMI shielding performance with high stability and durability, which has a broad application prospect for electronic devices in practical extreme outdoor environments.
Effect of Intercritical Annealing Time on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dual‐Phase Steel Processed by Large‐Strain Asymmetric Cold‐Rolling
Authors: Khorasani Fatemeh , Jamaati Roohollah , Jamshidi Aval Hamed
Published: April 2023

Herein, the effect of intercritical annealing time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dual‐phase steel processed by large‐strain asymmetric cold‐rolling is studied. It is observed that the martensite islands are uniformly distributed in the ferrite phase in the microstructures of dual‐phase steels due to performing the asymmetric cold‐rolling before intercritical annealing treatment. As the intercritical annealing time increases up to 10 min, the fraction of martensite increases. By increasing the holding time and fraction of martensite, the carbon content of the martensite phase is decreased. The short‐term intercritical annealing eliminates the yield point phenomenon. However, intercritical annealing at 860 °C for 20 min leads to the reoccurrence of a yield point phenomenon. Increasing the intercritical annealing time to 10 min improves the yield strength to 505 MPa and ultimate tensile strength to 834 MPa. However, the strength decreases sharply after the holding time of 20 min. There is a perfect linear relationship between the mechanical properties and the fraction of martensite. Ductile failure is observed at the center of the fracture surfaces of dual‐phase steels while shear failure occurs at the edges of the fracture surfaces.
Approach to assessment of existing structures in the fib Model Code 2020
Authors: Walraven Joost , Dieteren Gerrie
Published: April 2023

Existing structures often no longer meet the demands formulated in contemporary design codes with respect to structural safety and serviceability. This occurs, for instance, if the loads on existing structures, like traffic loads on bridges, are larger than assumed in the original design. A second potential reason is that structures are subject to deterioration, like alkali–silica reaction within the concrete or corrosion of the reinforcement due to chloride attack or carbonation. A third possible reason is that in recent codes, additional criteria have been introduced based on new theories and/or negative experiences with older structures. The new fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2020 will be valid both for the design of new structures and the assessment of existing structures. This paper shows how the design and assessment of concrete structures are integrated into this new code concept.
First‐Principles Calculations for the Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of High‐Entropy Alloys by Carbon Elements
Authors: Ding Can , Feng Lu , Yuan Zhao
Published: April 2023

A series of alloy solid solution models were developed using the SQS modeling method, and the effect of C doping on the phase structure, elastic properties, and electronic structure of the alloys was investigated using a first‐principles approach. The results showed that the CuCrWNi (C), CuCrWMo (C), and CuCrWAl (C) alloys all have a single body‐centered cubic (BCC) structure. The alloys conformed to the mechanical stability criterion before and after incorporating C. The incorporation of C leads to an increase in the bulk modulus B of the CuCrWNi, CuCrWAl alloy, and the Young's modulus E and shear modulus G of the CuCrWMo, CuCrWAl alloy. In comparison, the shear modulus G and Young's modulus E of CuCrWNi alloy and the bulk modulus B of CuCrWMo alloy show a decreasing tendency. The alloy is ductile before and after the addition of C. The addition of C increased the Poisson's ratio, Pugh ratio, and Cauchy pressure of CuCrWNi alloy and decreased the Poisson's ratio, Pugh ratio, and Cauchy pressure of CuCrWMo and CuCrWAl. This shows that adding C improves the ductility of CuCrWNi and the strength of CuCrWMo and CuCrWAl alloys. By analyzing the electronic structure of the alloys, it was found that the doping of C made the alloy less stable. Adding C makes the high‐entropy alloys more conducive and the metallic properties more noticeable. Moreover, the incorporation of C makes the CuCrWNi pseudo‐energy gap decrease and the CuCrWMo, and CuCrWAl pseudo‐energy gap increase, which may be related to the change in the mechanical properties of the alloy. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Impulse Characteristics of Ground Electrodes in Low Resistivity Soil
Authors: Nor Normiza Mohamad , Abdullah Syarifah Amanina Syed
Published: April 2023

Soil properties have been known to be the factors that influence the ionization process in soil, which cause the impulse impedance, Zimpulse to be lower than that at steady state resistance, RDC. Many studies have established the relationship between the percentage reduction of Zimpulse from RDC in such that the percentage reduction is more pronounced in high resistivity soil, or in high RDC, than that at low resistivity soils. Nevertheless, Zimpulse is not the only parameter in representing the characteristics of soil under high impulse conditions, where from the voltage and current waveforms, the current rise and discharged times can also be established, where more accurate and extensive analysis of the electrical characteristics of ground electrodes subjected to high impulse currents can be achieved. This paper presents the experimental results of four ground electrodes, installed in agricultural land, with soil resistivity, of below 3 Ωm, subjected to high impulse currents, where the parameters of current rise times, Zimpulse and current discharged times were investigated. Two of these ground electrodes are having close RDC values, despite having different electrode's configurations, were also investigated. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Design Elements of a Platform-Based Ecosystem for Industry Applications
Authors: Millan Michael , Becker Annika , Christou Ester , Flaig Roman , Gorißen Leon , Hinke Christian , Koren István , Lohrmann Vincent , Lüttgens Dirk , Mertens Matthias , Wiesch Marian , Jarke Matthias , Piller Frank
Published: April 2023

Many companies in the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) environment are still lacking knowledge and experience of how to enter and participate in a platform-based ecosystem to gain long-term competitive advantages. This leads to uncertainty among firms when transforming into platform-based ecosystems. The article presents a structuralist approach to conceptualize the platform-based ecosystem construct, giving an overview of the literature landscape in a model bundled with unified terminology and different perspectives. The holistic process model aggregates the findings of 130 papers regarding platform-based ecosystem literature. It consists of 4 phases and 16 design elements that unify different terminologies from various research disciplines in one framework and provide a structured and process-oriented approach. Besides, use cases for different design elements were developed to make the model apply in an I4.0 context. Use Case I is a methodology that can be used to model and validate usage hypotheses based on usage data to derive optimization potential from identified deviations from real product usage. By collecting and refining data for analyzing different manufacturing applications and machine tool behavior the importance of specific data is shown in Use Case II and it is highlighted which data can be shared from an external perspective. Use Case III deals with strategic modeling of platform-based ecosystems and the research identifies control points that platform players can actively set to adjust their business models within alliance-driven cooperation to create and capture value jointly. Use Case IV investigates the status quo and expectations regarding platform-based ecosystems in the field of laser technology with the help of structured expert interviews. Overall, this chapter presents a framework on industrial platform-based ecosystems that gives researchers and practitioners a tool and specific examples to get started in this emerging topic.