bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D PRINTED HYDROGEL GLUCOSE SENSOR ON ARGON PLASMA ACTIVATED POLYSTYRENE
Authors: Jüttner Jens , Krstic Nenad , Müller Achim , Knuth Monika , Thielemann Christiane
Published: January 2021

This study presents a proof of principle concept for a two-dimensional bioprinted glucose sensor on Petri dishes that allows for glucose measurements in cell culture medium. To improve bioink adhesion, the polystyrene surfaces of standard Petri dishes are activated with argon plasma, which increases roughness and hydrophilicity. The bioink containing the sensor chemistry—namely fluorescently labeled ConA/Dextran embedded in alginate microbeads—was printed on the activated Petri dishes with an extrusion-based bioprinter. The printed sensor showed good stability and adhesive properties on polystyrene. The glucose concentration was examined using a standard fluorescence microscope with filters adapted to the emission wavelength of the donor and reference dyes. The printed glucose sensor showed high sensitivity and good linearity in a physiologically relevant range of glucose concentrations.
FPGA-based Implementation of IIR Filter for Real-Time Noise Reduction in Signal
Authors: Kapić Aladin , Sarić Rijad , Lubura Slobodan , Jokić Dejan
Published: January 2021

Filtering of unwanted frequencies represents the main aspect of digital signal processing (DSP) in any modern communication system. The main role of the filter is to perform attenuation of certain frequencies and pass only frequencies of interest. In a DSP system, sampled or discrete-time signals are processed by digital filters using different mathematical operations. Digital filters are commonly categorized as Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR). This research focuses on the full VHDL implementation of digital second-order lowpass IIR filter for reducing the noisy frequencies on the FPGA board. The initial step is to determine, from continuous time domain function, the transfer function in the complex {s} domain, then map transfer function in complex {z} domain and finally calculate the difference equation in discrete-time domain of the system with adequate coefficients. Prior to the FPGA implementation, the IIR filter is tested in MATLAB using a signal with mixed frequencies and signal with randomly generated noise. The digital implementation is completed by using fixed-point binary vectors and clocked processes.
Przyjemność oglądania, czyli filmowe konteksty lektur
Authors: Kotarba Elżbieta
Published: January 2021

Z lekcji wiążących tematycznie Lalkę B. Prusa (1890) i film Jobs J.M. Sterna (2013) wynikło, że film może pogłębić rozumienie bohaterów, a także mechanizmów świata przedstawionego w lekturze, filmie i otaczającego uczniów. Zestawienie w przestrzeniach mentalnych uczniów Wokulskiego i Jobsa podkreśliło szlachetność pierwszego i rynkowe mechanizmy współczesnych korporacji. Powstały z zestawienia amalgamat kognitywny ujawnił aktualność powieści: drapieżność procesów ekonomicznych, podziały społeczne i ludzką potrzebę miłości.
Propozycja podstawy programowej do języka polskiego
Authors: Biedrzycki Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

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Zadania polonistów w szkole pomyślanej na nowo. Jak uczyć uczenia się
Authors: Białek Kinga
Published: January 2021

Sytuacja pandemii i marcowego lockdownu pozwala spojrzeć na edukację w Polsce jako na element złożonego systemu wpływów i heterotopię, zgodnie z koncepcją Foucaulta. Uświadomienie sobie ważności dobrze zaplanowanej polityki edukacyjnej w kontekście potrzeb społecznych pozwoli celniej i skutecznej postawić cele działalności nauczycieli. Pandemia wzmocniła istniejące w Polsce nierówności społeczne, które mają wpływ na efektywność kształcenia. Odpowiedzią na gruncie polonistyki szkolnej może być kształcenie nastawione na upodmiotowienie, realizowane przez wzmacnianie autonomii poznawczej na lekcjach krytycznego czytania. W tekście zaproponowano także propozycję działań lekcyjnych opartych na metodzie czytania proceduralnego.
Senior medical student attitudes towards patient communication and their development across the clinical elective year – A Q-methodology study
Authors: Schick Kristina , Gartmeier Martin , Berberat Pascal O.
Published: January 2021

To be proficient in communicating with patients, physicians need specified knowledge, skills and attitudes. Until now, medical educators have mostly focused on undergraduate students’ communication knowledge and skills in training and assessment. Attitudes towards communication with patients have been researched less frequently, but it is plausible that they also influence physicians’ behaviours in many ways. The present study investigates the communication-focused attitudes of senior medical students and their development through the clinical elective year using an innovative approach based on Q-methodology. We conducted a Q-methodology study using statements from the Kalamazoo Communication Skills Assessment Form. A total of 47 final-year medical students documented their attitudes towards communication by sorting these statements in regard to their importance into a normal distribution grid in medical interviews. Our innovative approach included three time points during the elective year at which these statements were sorted, with only a slight decrease of participants. We applied a Q-factor analysis and found three attitude profiles that were structurally stable over time. Attitude profile #1 focused on providing information and fostering shared decision making; profile #2 focused on the patients’ concerns and emotions while meeting the patients’ demands for sufficient information. Finally, the focus of attitude profile #3 was on using appropriate conversation techniques to structure communication and gather sufficient information. Overall, the respondents assigned increasing importance to building good relationships and making shared decisions with patients over time. Statements about structuring conversations and communication techniques were evaluated as less important by the end of the clinical elective year.
Clinically important drug–drug interactions in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: drug pairs, risk factors, and management
Authors: Mahboobipour Amir Ali , Baniasadi Shadi
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging viral infection without any approved treatment. Investigational therapies for COVID-19 may cause clinically important drug–drug interactions (DDIs). We aimed to study potential DDIs (pDDIs) and their risk factors in COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study in a tertiary respiratory hospital dedicated to COVID-19 patients. The Lexi-Interact database was used to investigate clinically important pDDIs. The database output including interacting drug pairs, risk rating, reliability rating, mechanism, and management was evaluated. Associations between the occurrence of pDDIs and probable risk factors were assessed by logistic regression analysis.

Results

Medical charts of 227 patients were reviewed. About 38% of the patients had at least one clinically important pDDI. More than half of the interactions were between protease inhibitors (lopinavir/ritonavir) and regularly prescribed medications for the management of comorbidities or COVID-19 symptoms (e.g., atorvastatin, alprazolam, salmeterol, and tamsulosin). Ischemic heart disease, chronic respiratory diseases, and ICU admission were significantly associated with the occurrence of pDDIs.

Conclusions

We recommend considering the risk factors for the emergence of clinically important DDIs in the pharmacotherapy of COVID-19 patients. Using an alternative medication or dose adjustments may be required in high-risk patients.
Das Ende der (Natur-)Geschichte?
Authors: Gutmann Mathias
Published: January 2021

Evolution seems tobe a perfect example of a historical process: It began with the earliest “living” units, progressed to massive diversity and disparity, and resulted in our recent lifeworld, the subject-matter of the evolutionary biologist. Yet some irritation remains considering the logical grammar of “history”, as it seems to introduce non-functional aspects into evolutionarytheory– which is often addressed as contingency in evolutionarybiology. But even reducing the “historical” aspect of evolutionary biology to a functional understanding of lifeworld, we have to consider the specific historicity of theepistemicsituation of the evolutionary biologist. This paper argues for the relevance of the explication of this peculiarepistemicsituation, taking into account the recent systemic transformations of evolutionary theory.

The argument is developed in three steps: first, a revision of the use of temporal expressions in (bio-)sciences, revealing the prevalence of a non-modal understanding of time, which leads to “thin” temporal characterizations of biological processes. Second, based upon biology’s shift toward system paradigms, the formal structure of recent evolutionary approaches is shown to result in a “loss of historicity”. Finally, the consequences for the self-understanding of humansas evolutionarylifeforms are explicated.

This reconstruction of the difference between historical and evolutionary judgment emphasizes the relevance of the modal aspects of temporality, which is demonstrated by considering a significant shift of the underlying temporal frames. Accordingly to human beings ashistoricalentities, the differences between natural history, prehistory and history proper are relocated within the concept ofhistoryitself.
The delayed effect of temperature on the risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19: evidence from Mumbai, India
Authors: Nair Vipin , Thekkedath Rahul , Sankaran Paduthol Godan
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Meteorological factors and climatic variability have an immense influence on the transmission of infectious diseases and significantly impact human health. Present study quantifies the delayed effect of atmospheric temperature on the risk of hospitalization due to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with adjusting the effects of other environmental factors in Mumbai, India.

Methods

The daily reported data of the number of hospitalized COVID-19 positive cases and the environmental factors at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India were collected and analyzed to quantify the main and the delayed effects. Exploratory data analysis and Distributed Linear and Non-linear lag Model (DLNM) with Generalized Additive Model (GAM) specification have applied to analyze the data.

Results

The study identified the Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR) delayed effect on the risk of hospitalization changed over the lag period of 0–14 days with increasing Relative Risk (RR) at the low DTR and decreasing RR at the higher DTR values. The extreme DTR suggests a high risk of hospitalization at earlier lags (i.e., 0–5 days). DTR’s cumulative effect was significant at higher 0–10 lag days (p-value <0.05). Exposure to the low and moderate DTR suggests a high risk of hospitalization with more than six days of lag. The RR for daily average humidity with 95% C.I was 0.996 (0.967, 1.027). The risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 showed an increasing nature (p-value <0.05) with the increase in air pollution and average wind speed (WSAvg) at lag 0. Also, the risk of hospitalization changed through different lag periods of DTR. The analysis confirms the higher amount of delayed effect due to low DTR compared with moderate and high DTR.

Conclusions

The study suggests that both the climatic variations and air quality have significant impact on the transmission of the global pandemic COVID-19.
Development of chitosan/agar-silver nanoparticles-coated paper for antibacterial application
Authors: Balalakshmi Chinnasamy , Alharbi Naiyf S. , Kadaikunnan Shine , Khaled Jamal M. , Alanzi Khalid F. , Gopinath Kasi , Arumugam Ayyakannu , Govindarajan Marimuthu
Published: January 2021

The radical proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and their infections causes significant issues for human health and the environment. Today, biopolymers are used to produce different nanoparticles. In the present investigation, the fabricated chitosan/agar-silver nanoparticles (Cht/Ar-AgNPs)-coated papers were tested for antibacterial applications. Agar was used as a reducing agent for the synthesis of AgNPs. Synthesized Ar-AgNPs were examined through optical, phase crystallinity and topological analysis. Cht and Ar-AgNPs solution was mixed with various ratios of 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5 by weight. In addition to that, the conformity of Cht/Ar-AgNPs-coated papers was characterized by structural, spectral, and morphological analysis. However, Cht/Ar-AgNPs-coated papers were subjected to antibacterial properties. The ratio of (6:4) Cht/Ar-AgNPs-coated paper showed excellent antibacterial agent, and it can be used as extending the food product shelf life.
Effect of acupuncture on cognitive task performance of college students: a pilot study
Authors: Shetty Geetha B. , Jacob Jithin , Shetty Prashanth , Mooventhan A. , Aryal Pratikshya , Asha B. K.
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Reduction in cognitive function of college students affects their academic recitation. Acupuncture is widely practiced for health promotion. Objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on cognitive task performance in college students.

Methods

Sixty students aged 18–25 years were randomly allocated into acupuncture group (AG) (n=30) and control group (CG) (n=30). The AG underwent 20 min of acupuncture/day, while the CG underwent their normal routine for 10 days. Assessments were performed before and after the intervention.

Results

Between-group analysis showed a significant increase in the six-letter cancellation test (SLCT) score in AG compared with CG. Within-group analysis showed a significant increase in the scores of all tests (i.e. SLCT, forward and backward Digit span test [DST]) in AG, while a significant increase in backward DST was observed in CG.

Conclusion

Acupuncture has a beneficial effect on improving the cognitive function of college students.
Hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in high altitude population: impact of coenzyme Q10 supplementation
Authors: Biuomy Ayman R. , Oraby Fatma S. H. , Khalifa Eman A. , El-Sherif Hanaa A. , Hussein Jihan , Abdel-Latif Yasmin
Published: January 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on oxidative stress engendered from hypoxia in population live at high altitude.

Methods

This is an intervention study in which 50 females of volunteers population-36 of them who live at high altitude compared with the placebo group (14 from the total population that live at sea level). Blood samples were collected in -anticoagulant tubes from control and high altitude before and after CoQ10 supplementation (150 mg/day for 2, 4 and 8 weeks). Plasma was separated and used for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NOx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), paraoxonase (PON1) by spectrophotometer, CoQ10 and vitamin E by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results

Our results appeared that TAC, PON1, vitamin E and CoQ10 concentrations were significantly decreased in population at high altitude at base line compared to placebo group population at sea level. Whereas, administration of CoQ10 attenuated all measured parameters especially after eight weeks of administration.

Conclusion

We concluded that coenzyme Q10 supplement at a dose of 150 mg/day has a powerful effect in oxidative stress parameters and increased antioxidant parameters included vitamin E in population with hypoxia after 4 and 8 weeks. So that supplementation positively affects oxidative stress and is recommended CoQ10 supplementation in population who live at high altitude.
Yellow phosphorous ingestion cause liver dysfunction and internal bleeding: a case study
Authors: Mawii Lalramengmawii , Vanlalhriatmawii Norah H. , Moudgil Khayati
Published: January 2021

Objective

The purpose of this case report was to create awareness among scientific fraternity and those who are in the regular usage of the yellow phosphorous compound. Yellow phosphorus is an inorganic element that is poisonous to humans (yellowish, waxy, crystal-clear solid with a pungent odor).

Case presentation

The patient treatment chart was reviewed and the patient’s condition was evaluated daily. Consumption of toxic doses causes shock and cardiovascular failure within 2–3 h of ingestion, and peak levels are reached when distributed to all tissues after absorption. Here, we report a case of self-harm with the ingestion of rat killer paste, and the patient suffered internal bleeding and acute liver failure.

Conclusion

Rodenticides remain the primary cause of morbidity and mortality, internal bleeding is the major risks of rodenticide poisoning.
A new structure formulations for cubic B-spline collocation method in three and four-dimensions
Authors: Raslan K. R. , Ali Khalid K.
Published: January 2021

In this work, we introduce a new construct to the cubic B-spline collocation method in the three and four-dimensions. The cubic B-splines method format is displayed in one, two, three, and four-dimensions format. These constructions are of utmost importance in solving differential equations in their various dimensions, which have applications in many fields of science. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methods are demonstrated by its application to a few test problems in two, three, and four dimensions. Also, comparing the exact solutions and with the results obtained by using other numerical methods available in the literature as much as possible.
Mining reasonable distance of horizontal concave slope based on variable scale chaotic algorithms
Authors: Chen Shuzhao , Shang Tao , Han Liu
Published: January 2021

Horizontal concave slope structure is a common mining structure. It is the basis of mining safety to grasp the reasonable mining distance of horizontal concave slope. Therefore, based on variable scale chaotic algorithm, the reasonable mining distance of horizontal concave slope is studied. The safety factor is used to describe the reliability of the slope. When the slope is in a reliable state, it is a reasonable mining distance. Based on the Warehouse–Mohr strength theory, the four key parameters of rock cohesion and internal friction angle of horizontal concave slope and major and minor stress of element nodes are considered. The similarity of mining safety factor of horizontal concave slope is measured and the objective function is constructed. The target is searched based on variable-scale chaotic algorithm. The output result is the optimal solution of reasonable mining distance for horizontal concave slope. The experimental study shows that the reasonable mining distance of horizontal concave slope can be obtained effectively based on variable scale chaotic algorithm, and the slope height and slope angle are inversely proportional to the mining reliability of horizontal concave slope.
The effects of morphological variation and polymer/polymer interface on the tensile modulus of binary polymer blends: a modeling approach
Authors: Sharifzadeh Esmail , Amiri Yasahr
Published: January 2021

In this work, the effects of the morphological variation and the polymer/polymer interface on the tensile modulus of binary polymer blends were evaluated using a combined modeling method. The characteristics of the polymer/polymer interface region were evaluated using a neural network system and the results were used to improve the analytical model. The model accuracy was investigated by comparing its predictions with the tensile test results of some prepared iPP/PA blend samples and also some other data from literature which revealed an acceptable accuracy (error < 5%).
Bilayer PMMA antireflective coatings via microphase separation and MAPLE
Authors: Guo Yunlong , Ren Shuzhen
Published: January 2021

A poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bilayer antireflective coating (ARC) is designed based on polymeric microphase separation and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). The spin-coated layer shows subwavelength porous network structures, after phase separation via annealing and removal of the polystyrene (PS) phase, while the MAPLE deposited surface layer exhibits a biomimic moth-eye structure on glass to trap the incident light. The elaborate spin coated structure can be controlled flexibly by changing the ratio of mixture, annealing time and temperature, and the moth-eye structure can also be tuned by deposition parameters. The transmittance of the ARC presents a maximum of 95.64% and an average of 94.81% in visible range. The moth-eye structure on glass substrate formed by nanoglobules makes positive contributions to the improvement of transmittance according to UV–Vis result and simulation. The wetting motion of PMMA globules is observed as well by the comparison of AFM surface morphologies and cross-sectional profiles of globules on glass and polymer thin film. This work is a novel attempt to fabricate bilayer ARC with two different structures by a single polymeric material and will provide new route for fabrication of multilayer ARCs.
Electrospun-based TiO2 nanofibers for organic pollutant photodegradation: a comprehensive review
Authors: Hui Khee Chung , Suhaimi Hazwani , Sambudi Nonni Soraya
Published: January 2021

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly used as a photocatalyst in the removal of organic pollutants. However, weaknesses of TiO2 such as fast charge recombination and low visible light usage limit its industrial application. Furthermore, photocatalysts that are lost during the treatment of pollutants create the problem of secondary pollutants. Electrospun-based TiO2 fiber is a promising alternative to immobilize TiO2 and to improve its performance in photodegradation. Some strategies have been employed in fabricating the photocatalytic fibers by producing hollow fibers, porous fibers, composite TiO2 with magnetic materials, graphene oxide, as well as doping TiO2 with metal. The modification of TiO2 can improve the absorption of TiO2 to the visible light area, act as an electron acceptor, provide large surface area, and promote the phase transformation of TiO2. The improvement of TiO2 properties can enhance carrier transfer rate which reduces the recombination and promotes the generation of radicals that potentially degrade organic pollutants. The recyclability of fibers, calcination effect, photocatalytic reactors used, operation parameters involved in photodegradation as well as the commercialization potential of TiO2 fibers are also discussed in this review.
Depression following traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive overview
Authors: Fakhoury Marc , Shakkour Zaynab , Kobeissy Firas , Lawand Nada
Published: January 2021

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health concern affecting the neuropsychological health; TBI is accompanied by drastic long-term adverse complications that can influence many aspects of the life of affected individuals. A substantial number of studies have shown that mood disorders, particularly depression, are the most frequent complications encountered in individuals with TBI. Post-traumatic depression (P-TD) is present in approximately 30% of individuals with TBI, with the majority of individuals experiencing symptoms of depression during the first year following head injury. To date, the mechanisms of P-TD are far from being fully understood, and effective treatments that completely halt this condition are still lacking. The aim of this review is to outline the current state of knowledge on the prevalence and risk factors of P-TD, to discuss the accompanying brain changes at the anatomical, molecular and functional levels, and to discuss current approaches used for the treatment of P-TD.
A BRD’s (BiRD’s) eye view of BET and BRPF bromodomains in neurological diseases
Authors: Iyer Harish , Wahul Abhipradnya B. , P. K. Annapoorna , Sawant Bharvi S. , Kumar Arvind
Published: January 2021

Neurological disorders (NLDs) are among the top leading causes for disability worldwide. Dramatic changes in the epigenetic topography of the brain and nervous system have been found in many NLDs. Histone lysine acetylation has prevailed as one of the well characterised epigenetic modifications in these diseases. Two instrumental components of the acetylation machinery are the evolutionarily conserved Bromodomain and PHD finger containing (BRPF) and Bromo and Extra terminal domain (BET) family of proteins, also referred to as acetylation ‘readers’. Several reasons, including their distinct mechanisms of modulation of gene expression and their property of being highly tractable small molecule targets, have increased their translational relevance. Thus, compounds which demonstrated promising results in targeting these proteins have advanced to clinical trials. They have been established as key role players in pathologies of cancer, cardiac diseases, renal diseases and rheumatic diseases. In addition, studies implicating the role of these bromodomains in NLDs are gaining pace. In this review, we highlight the findings of these studies, and reason for the plausible roles of all BET and BRPF members in NLDs. A comprehensive understanding of their multifaceted functions would be radical in the development of therapeutic interventions.
Evaluation of potential tumor markers that may predict neoadjuvant treatment efficiency in rectal cancer
Authors: Arslan Fatma Demet , Kocak Ayse , Aydın Cengiz , Pala Emel Ebru , Oncel Dilek , Diniz Gulden , Kaya Tayfun , Ugurlu Levent , Degirmenci Mustafa , Ozkan Bulent , Soysal Yasemin , Said Harun Muayad
Published: January 2021

Objectives

The recurrence of rectal cancer or its resistance to neoadjuvant treatment develops due to the adaptation to hypoxia, apoptosis or autophagy. Survivin, one of the inhibitors of apoptosis; Beclin 1, which is a positive regulator in the autophagy pathway; and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA9), which are associated with tumor tissue hypoxia, may be related to resistance to treatment. Our aim was to evaluate the potential tumor markers that may help to monitor the response to neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer (RC).

Methods

Twenty-five patients with locally advanced RC were included in the study. Gene expression and protein levels of Beclin 1, Survivin, HIF-1α, and CA9 were analyzed in fresh tissue specimens and blood samples. The relationships of these markers to tumor staging and regression grade were evaluated.

Results

Higher blood CA9 gene expression levels and lower blood HIF-1α protein levels were found in the response group according to tumor regression grade. After neoadjuvant treatment, tissue Beclin 1 and blood Survivin gene expressions and tissue CA9, blood Beclin 1 and blood HIF-1α protein levels decreased significantly.

Conclusion

Beclin 1, Survivin, HIF-1α ve CA9 may help to predict the effects of the applied treatment approach.
Co-Registration of Eye Movements and Fixation—Related Potentials in Natural Reading: Practical Issues of Experimental Design and Data Analysis
Authors: Degno Federica , Loberg Otto , Liversedge Simon P.
Published: January 2021

A growing number of studies are using co-registration of eye movement (EM) and fixation-related potential (FRP) measures to investigate reading. However, the number of co-registration experiments remains small when compared to the number of studies in the literature conducted with EMs and event-related potentials (ERPs) alone. One reason for this is the complexity of the experimental design and data analyses. The present paper is designed to support researchers who might have expertise in conducting reading experiments with EM or ERP techniques and are wishing to take their first steps towards co-registration research. The objective of this paper is threefold. First, to provide an overview of the issues that such researchers would face. Second, to provide a critical overview of the methodological approaches available to date to deal with these issues. Third, to offer an example pipeline and a full set of scripts for data preprocessing that may be adopted and adapted for one’s own needs. The data preprocessing steps are based on EM data parsing via Data Viewer (SR Research), and the provided scripts are written in Matlab and R. Ultimately, with this paper we hope to encourage other researchers to run co-registration experiments to study reading and human cognition more generally.
Vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna), Wild Andean Altiplano Camelids
Authors: Vilá Bibiana , Arzamendia Yanina , Rojo Verónica
Published: January 2021

In these case studies, vicuñas are presented as biocultural components of the Andean altiplano’s socioecological landscape. The environmental history of vicuñas is related to the multiple values of the species, especially of its appreciated fiber as a nature contribution to people. Vicuñas were in risk of extinction, but thanks to conservation policies, the engagement of local communities, and the efforts of scientists and naturalists, this species has recovered to an extent than allows sustainable, community-based management via chakus, a traditional method involving the capture and release of wild vicuñas to harvest their fiber. We describe two cases where the VICAM research team (former MACS) was summoned by local institutions in Cieneguillas and Santa Catalina, both localities belonging to the Pozuelos UNESCO MAB Biosphere Reserve in Jujuy, Argentina. The process to launch and maintain the sustainable use of vicuñas is presented, focusing on the emerging challenges, dilemmas, and conflicts that shaped decision-making processes. The obstacle that seemed the most challenging beforehand—the capture itself and its biological consequences for the animals—was overcome with the development of adaptive management. Vicuña management has great potential for the sustainable development of indigenous peoples and local communities, but achieving this goal is a process ridden with difficulties, including the commercial interests of non-Andean actors. For vicuña management to become a driver of sustainable local development, a series of challenges must be overcome: power asymmetries between local communities and other stakeholders due to the monistic economic valuation of vicuña fiber, the incorporation of relational values with strict welfare protocols recognizing vicuñas as sentient beings, and the intrinsic valuation of the ecological role of the species, also considering their indisputable position as Andean ancestral biocultural heritage.
China’s Power in Its Strategic Energy Partnership with the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Gallo Ernesto , Wu Zhengxi , Sergi Bruno S.
Published: January 2021

This article examines the current China-Russia partnership in the energy sector, focusing on natural gas and other Eurasian Economic Union countries’ role in this relationship. It argues that the foundation of China-Russia cooperation is strategic, despite the existence of several long-term issues, which make it fragile. Russia’s “pivot to China” in the energy field relies on practical considerations, such as export diversification and problems with Western countries. However, China has fast-growing demand and many choices of gas import. Moreover, China negotiates bilaterally with its partners, which secures Beijing an upper hand in gas talks, including those with Russia. The economic significance of energy interdependence in the Eurasian region allows a monopsonist China to leverage over the region’s regimes, including Putin’s Russia.
Occupational damage to nurses in Primary Health Care
Authors: Medeiros Célia Regina da Silva , Coropes Viviane Brasil Amaral dos Santos , Silva Karla Gualberto , Shoji Shino , Souza Norma Valéria Dantas de Oliveira , Souza Maria Helena do Nascimento , Farias Sheila Nascimento Pereira de
Published: January 2021

Objective: analyze the prevalence and types of occupational injuries among nurses working in the Family Health Strategy. Methods: cross-sectional study with 116 Family Health Strategy nurses. The Work-Related Damage Assessment Scale was used. For the analysis, Pearson’s chi-square test was performed, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: the prevalence of physical damage of 70.7% was associated with the risk of critical illness, the most serious symptoms of which were: sleep or appetite alterations, circulatory disorders, body aches (head, arm, back, legs). Social damage (21.6%) and psychological damage (11.2%) were classified as bearable risk. Conclusion: showed high prevalence of illness manifested by physical damage classified as critical risk: arm pain, changes in appetite and circulatory disorders and, classified as serious risk: headaches, leg pain, sleep changes, back and body pain.
Massage for neonatal pain relief in intensive care units: a scoping review
Authors: Costa Thatiane Monick de Souza , Oliveira Eloysa dos Santos , Rocha Rodrigo Rhuan Andrade , Santos Kauanny Vitoria Gurgel dos , Dantas Joyce Karolayne dos Santos , Dantas Rodrigo Assis Neves , Dantas Daniele Vieira
Published: January 2021

Objective: to map the use of massage to relieve neonatal pain during procedures performed in Intensive Care Units. Methods: a scoping review conducted in 11 data sources, following the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. The question was: what is the knowledge about the use of massage to relieve pain in newborns during painful procedures in a neonatal intensive care unit? 12 studies were selected for the results. Results: therapeutic massage in newborns is positive in reducing the score on pain scales, decreasing heart and respiratory rates, increasing oxygen saturation, improvements in behavioral status, weight gain, neurological development, shorter crying time and performing the painful procedure. Conclusion: massage/reflexotherapy is effective in reducing neonatal pain in intensive care units, being performed on lower limbs, heel, back or at the procedure site, with light to moderate pressure and an average duration of five minutes.
Literatura y cine, una coreografía de la mirada
Authors: Lorente Bilbao José Ignacio
Published: January 2021

El animal moribundo es una novela del escritor Philip Roth, publicada en 2001, cuyo argumento gira en torno a las reflexiones del protagonista, un sexagenario profesor, crítico cultural y figura mediática, acerca de la relación sentimental con una joven alumna, con la que ha transgredido la distancia estética que le preservaba de caer en el caos de la pasión amorosa y los celos.

El relato fue objeto de una adaptación cinematográfica con título Elegy/La elegida, realizada por la directora española Isabel Coixet en 2008, en la que se transfiere a la pantalla un singular dispositivo visual que la novela alberga como procedimiento para generar un espacio de implicación y participación del lector. Como resultado de la traslación de dicho dispositivo al cine se produce lo que podría denominarse una coreografía de la mirada destinada a la movilización del trabajo espectatorial en el film.
¿Qué es una postura en filosofía? Un enfoque pragma-dialéctico
Authors: Leal Carretero Fernando Miguel
Published: January 2021

En pragma-dialéctica se distingue entre diferencias de opinión mixtas, en las que ambas partes en disputa sostienen una posición, y diferencias de opinión no-mixtas, en las que solamente una de las partes sostiene una posición, mientras que la otra simplemente tiene dudas sobre la cuestión en disputa. En este artículo se sostiene que, al menos para las disputas filosóficas necesitamos introducir un tercer tipo de diferencia de opinión, en que una parte toma posición frente a la cuestión en disputa, mientras que la otra parte pone en duda no esa posición sino la cuestión misma. Se ilustra esto con ejemplos y se argumenta además que toda disputa filosófica es inestable, de forma que el segundo tipo, los desacuerdos mixtos (dudas sobre la posición del otro), fácilmente se convierten en el tercer tipo  (dudas sobre la cuestión). Finalmente, se argumenta que esto ocurre dentro y fuera de la filosofía profesional.
Rape and buckwheat honey allergy in relation to heat treatment
Authors: KRETAVIČIUS Justinas , DUBAKIENĖ Rūta , BALŽEKAS Jonas , ŠAFERIS Viktoras
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Rape and buckwheat are progressively cultured in Lithuania. Pollen of these plants can be present in honeybee products, whereas it is known that pollen can be a potential allergen.
Purpose. To explore how often and intensively the pollen of rape, buckwheat and mugwort, as well as monofloral (buckwheat and rape) and polyfloral (spring) honey can cause allergy in humans, to reveal whether there is a difference between honey allergy before and after heat treatment and to investigate the purity of monofloral honey in Lithuania.
Materials and methods. The influence of allergens was determined by a skin-prick test. The botanical origin of honey and pollen was determined by the melissopalynological method.
Results. Botanical composition studies have shown that in Lithuania where melliferous plants are cultivated, honey made by honeybees is almost homogeneous. The skinprick test revealed no statistically significant difference between honey tested before and after heat-treatment, but proved that monofloral honey was less allergenic than polyfloral. Pollen caused allergy more often and more intensively than monofloral honey did.

Keywords: pollen, honey, allergy, heat treatment, skin-prick test
Treatment of experimental amyloidosis with antirheumatic drugs
Authors: LEONAVIČIENĖ Laima , POVILĖNAITĖ Danutė , BRADŪNAITĖ Rūta , VAITKIENĖ Dalia , VENALIS Algirdas
Published: January 2021

Background. Because at present there is no known specific effective therapy for secondary amyloidosis, the aim of this study was to determine whether antirheumatic drugs inhibit the development of experimental AA amyloidosis induced in C57BL/6 mice by casein and fibrin injections.
Materials and methods. Monotherapy with sulfasalazine (SSL) and diclofenac (D) and a combined treatment with diclofenac and prednisolone (D/P) according to prophylactic and therapeutic treatment protocols were investigated. The drugs were administered through intragastric gavage 5 times a week for 5 or 4 weeks in the following doses: D – 1 mg/kg, P – 10 mg/kg, and SSL – 100 mg/kg. A histopathological examination of splenic, kidney and hepatic tissues of mice was performed. The amount of amyloid was assessed semi-quantitatively by polarizing microscopy after Congo red staining.
Results. Our study indicated that no positive effect of the prophylactic treatment with D could be seen on amyloid deposition in the target organs. Prophylactic combined treatment with D/P resulted in a significant improvement of disease symptoms and markedly reduced amyloid deposits in the spleen, kidneys and liver (p < 0.02–0.001). SSL therapy alone was more successful in the prophylactic treatment of experimental amyloidosis: the decrease of amyloid deposits was statistically significant in all examined organs (p < 0.04–0.001), and the suppression of amyloid formation was most significant in the kidneys and liver (p < 0.004–0.001). In the therapeutic treatment of experimental amyloidosis, combined treatment with D/P showed the most pronounced inhibition of amyloid formation in the internal organs (p < 0.006–0.001). The suppression (by 86.7%; p < 0.001) of amyloid deposits was most notable in the liver. Treatment of mice with D alone produced a significant reduction in amyloid deposition only in the liver (p < 0.03) and with SSL only in the spleen (p < 0.03).
Conclusions. These findings suggest that D/P and SSL at relevant doses suppress amyloidogenesis, and this suppression is possibly related to the anti-inflammatory effect of antirheumatic drugs. Although these drugs cannot completely inhibit the disease in this model, a possibility remains that they may be clinically useful in rheumatic diseases associated with the formation of amyloidogenic derivatives.

Keywords: mice, experimental AA amyloidosis, antirheumatic drugs
Uso de tecnologia no desenvolvimento de jogos educativos eletrônicos para a promoção de saúde bucal e Educação Ambiental
Authors: Dos Santos Mikeias Santos , Pereira Fabricio Moraes , Medeiros Amanda Menezes , Do Nascimento Liliane Silva
Published: January 2021

Este estudo envolveu estudantes da rede pública de 06 a 07 anos de idade, residentes do distrito de Mosqueiro na cidade de Belém-PA. O objetivo principal do projeto foi a construção de jogo educativo eletrônico, para provedor Desktop, abordando temas necessários à saúde da comunidade. A ferramenta de eleição foi o Scracth.mit, que transforma a complexa linguagem de programação em blocos como em um quebra-cabeça, facilitando a construção de animações e jogos, viabilizando o desenvolvimento da aplicação pelo próprio profissional de saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação com a produção e aplicação de um software educacional a ser inserido nas atividades escolares. O resultado deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento do jogo “Saúde bucal e Sustentabilidade”, que aborda temas que fazem parte da realidade da população atendida. O jogo foi testado com uma turma de 2º ano do ensino fundamental menor, com 22 escolares no total. Através de questionário pós-jogo, observaram-se resultados relevantes tanto quanto à promoção da saúde bucal quanto à sustentabilidade, além de boa aceitação do público-alvo, porém fica evidente a necessidade de maiores esforços dos profissionais de odontologia em apropriarem-se das novas tecnologias para aplicação em ações coletivas de promoção de saúde, assim como aprofundamento nas mudanças sociais contemporâneas, mudanças climáticas, racionamento de recursos naturais e sustentabilidade.
Palavras-chave: Jogos de vídeo; jogos experimentais; promoção da saúde; saúde bucal; conservação dos recursos naturais.
Development of a Functional Model Describing the Influence of Signal Proteins on the Osteointegration Process
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Baranov Sergey , Lyzo Tatyana ,   Volgograd State University, Korchagina Anastasia ,   Volgograd State University, Krylova Anna ,   Volgograd State University
Published: January 2021

Dental implantation is a fairly popular method of restoring a lost tooth, which has clear advantages, such as durability, strength, no additional load on adjacent teeth, as well as the external naturalness and aesthetics of the implant. However, despite the latest developments in this area, the problem of osseointegration success remains, and the factors of its impairment are still not limited only to the dentist’s mistake. In this regard, it is necessary to study in detail the signaling molecules of the “implant-bone” system to track the correctness of the course of every osseointegration stage, and possibly control them. This article presents a functional model with information on the effect of signaling protein molecules on osteogenic cells with a detailed action description of each signaling molecule in each osseointegration subprocess. Based on the data collected here, in subsequent studies, it will be possible to predict the success, quality, and intensity of osseointegration. A detailed analysis of the data presented here can help minimize dental implantation failure. In the future, it is necessary to study the possibility of influencing the osseointegration process by changing the expression or suppression of individual signaling molecules. It is important that such therapy can minimize the impact of non-compliance with the doctor’s recommendations by the patient on the process of osseointegration. Thus, another huge layer of reasons for possible implant rejection will disappear.
Features of ophthalmic pathology in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Lukashenko M. V. , Basantsova N. Yu. , Shishkin A. N.
Published: January 2021

Incidence of the ophthalmic complications in autoimmune diseases is stably increasing over recent years, as well as overall increase in the number of autoimmune pathologies around the world, along with novel diagnostic approaches. According to the WHO estimates, the number of patients with visual impairment is estimated at 285 million people for 2010, causing blindness in 39 million cases. Among autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus, sarcoidosis and Behcet’s disease are most often complicated by these conditions. Dry eye syndrome is the most common eye complication associated with these diseases. Our aim was to describe eye complications in type I diabetes, sarcoidosis, and Behcet’s disease, as well as show the importance of research in the area, and to develop common criteria for the care of patients with ophthalmic conditions. The review considers main pathogenetic links, ethnic and genetic factors of ocular pathologies in autoimmune disorders, the main issues of timely diagnosis and the use of various schemes of conservative therapy. The results obtained upon analysis of the literature contain demonstrate the possible autoimmune nature of such eye pathologies, as uveitis and dry eye syndrome in diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, sarcoidosis, and Behcet’s disease. Despite the ongoing research, there are many unresolved issues in the study of pathogenesis, as well as in therapeutic strategy. Therefore, the treatment of autoimmune eye diseases is a difficult task today, including treatment of the underlying disease, and local therapy of the visual organ. Since the primary immunopathology in the mentioned autoimmune diseases requires further studies, it is not possible to accurately predict the course of eye disease, possible complications and outcomes at the present time. Currently, there is only scarce information for creating uniform criteria for the treatment of uveitis and dry eye syndrome in autoimmune diseases. Their further development can contribute to establishment of the principles of medical care, in order to improve efficiency of treatment and quality of life in the patients. Further research and accumulation of data in the field are needed.
Similarity between predicted and obtained oxygen consumption during incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test in healthy men and chronic heart failure patients
Authors: Floriano Rafael Santiago , Fenley Alexandre , Teixeira Daniel Sobral , Silva Leonardo da Costa , Reis Hugo Valverde , Borghi-Silva Audrey , Reis Michel Silva
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is a noninvasive method for assessing physiological changes during physical exercise. Functional capacity has been evaluated using prediction equations. However, this evaluation method may yield different outcomes when applied to a healthy male population and patients with chronic heart failure (HF). This study aimed to compare the estimated and obtained values of oxygen consumption (VO2) during CPX both at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) and at peak exercise for healthy men and HF patients. For that, 56 men were divided into 3 groups: (1) 18 young and healthy (YG) (27±6.01 years); (2) 14 healthy older adults (OG) (61±6.3 years); and (3) 24 chronic HF patients (HFG) (53±13.6 years). CPX in cycle ergometer was administered to all individuals for determining VO2 at the VAT and peak exercise. Then, VO2 was estimated at the two moments using a prediction equation, and estimated values were compared to those obtained. Estimated VO2 was significantly higher than obtained VO2 in OG (16.9±1.8 vs. 13.1±2.1mL/kg/min) and HFG (12±6.9 vs. 8.7±2.5mL/kg/min). We found no difference between estimated and obtained VO2 for the YG (22,6±5,5 vs. 23,1±8,7mL/kg/min). The prediction equation overestimated VO2 values for older adults and HF patients. However, the YG obtained similar values than those estimated.
RETROSPECTIVA DA CÚPLA DE EDIMBURGO: SUBSÍDIOS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO MÉDICA
Authors: Sobral Dejano T.
Published: January 2021

Resumo: Um critério transcendente da qualidade da educação médica é a formação de profissionais competentes e aptos a responder às necessidades de saúde da sociedade como um todo. Nessa perspectiva, o artigo sintetiza os subsídios resultantes da Cúpula Mundial sobre educação médica, em Edimburgo -1993. Esses elementos são relacionados aos desafios correntes e a quatro estratégias globais de reorientação, as quais têm em comum tal critério de qualidade.