bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of C-phycocyanin effect on astrocytes-mediated neuroprotection against oxidative brain injury using 2D and 3D astrocyte tissue model
Authors: Min Seul Ki , Park Jun Sang , Luo Lidan , Kwon Yeo Seon , Lee Hoo Cheol , Jung Shim Hyun , Kim Il-Doo , Lee Ja-Kyeong , Shin Hwa Sung
Published: September 2015

Drugs are currently being developed to attenuate oxidative stress as a treatment for brain injuries. C-phycocyanin (C-Pc) is an antioxidant protein of green microalgae known to exert neuroprotective effects against oxidative brain injury. Astrocytes, which compose many portions of the brain, exert various functions to overcome oxidative stress; however, little is known about how C-Pc mediates the antioxidative effects of astrocytes. In this study, we revealed that C-Pc intranasal administration to the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats ensures neuroprotection of ischemic brain by reducing infarct size and improving behavioral deficits. C-Pc also enhanced viability and proliferation but attenuated apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of oxidized astrocytes, without cytotoxicity to normal astrocytes and neurons. To elucidate how C-Pc leads astrocytes to enhance neuroprotection and repair of ischemia brain, we firstly developed 3D oxidized astrocyte model. C-Pc had astrocytes upregulate antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and catalase and neurotrophic factors BDNF and NGF, while alleviating inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β and glial scar. Additionally, C-Pc improved viability of 3D oxidized neurons. In summary, C-Pc was concluded to activate oxidized astrocytes to protect and repair the ischemic brain with the combinatorial effects of improved antioxidative, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Role of tool marks inside spherical mitigation pit fabricated by micro-milling on repairing quality of damaged KH2PO4 crystal
Authors: Chen Ming-Jun , Cheng Jian , Yuan Xiao-Dong , Liao Wei , Wang Hai-Jun , Wang Jing-He , Xiao Yong , Li Ming-Quan
Published: September 2015

Repairing initial slight damage site into stable structures by engineering techniques is the leading strategy to mitigate the damage growth on large-size components used in laser-driven fusion facilities. For KH2PO4crystals, serving as frequency converter and optoelectronic switch-Pockels cell, micro-milling has been proven the most promising method to fabricate these stable structures. However, tool marks inside repairing pit would be unavoidably introduced due to the wearing of milling cutter in actual repairing process. Here we quantitatively investigate the effect of tool marks on repairing quality of damaged crystal components by simulating its induced light intensification and testing the laser-induced damage threshold. We found that due to the formation of focusing hot spots and interference ripples, the light intensity is strongly enhanced with the presence of tool marks, especially for those on rear surfaces. Besides, the negative effect of tool marks is mark density dependent and multiple tool marks would aggravate the light intensification. Laser damage tests verified the role of tool marks as weak points, reducing the repairing quality. This work offers new criterion to comprehensively evaluate the quality of repaired optical surfaces to alleviate the bottleneck issue of low laser damage threshold for optical components in laser-driven fusion facilities.
Arrhythmogenic effects of mutated L-type Ca2+-channels on an optogenetically paced muscular pump in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Schüler Christina , Fischer Elisabeth , Shaltiel Lior , Steuer Costa Wagner , Gottschalk Alexander
Published: September 2015

Cardiac arrhythmias are often associated with mutations in ion channels or other proteins. To enable drug development for distinct arrhythmias, model systems are required that allow implementing patient-specific mutations. We assessed a muscular pump inCaenorhabditis elegans. The pharynx utilizes homologues of most of the ion channels, pumps and transporters defining human cardiac physiology. To yield precise rhythmicity, we optically paced the pharynx using channelrhodopsin-2. We assessed pharynx pumping by extracellular recordings (electropharyngeograms—EPGs) and by a novel video-microscopy based method we developed, which allows analyzing multiple animals simultaneously. Mutations in the L-type VGCC (voltage-gated Ca2+-channel) EGL-19 caused prolonged pump duration, as found for analogous mutations in the Cav1.2 channel, associated with long QT syndrome.egl-19mutations affected ability to pump at high frequency and induced arrhythmicity. The pharyngeal neurons did not influence these effects. We tested whether drugs could ameliorate arrhythmia in the optogenetically paced pharynx. The dihydropyridine analog Nemadipine A prolonged pump duration in wild type and reduced or prolonged pump duration of distinctegl-19alleles, thus indicating allele-specific effects. In sum, our model may allow screening of drug candidates affecting specific VGCCs mutations and permit to better understand the effects of distinct mutations on a macroscopic level.
Raster image cross-correlation analysis for spatiotemporal visualization of intracellular degradation activities against exogenous DNAs
Authors: Sasaki Akira , Yamamoto Johtaro , Jin Takashi , Kinjo Masataka
Published: September 2015

Reducing intracellular DNA degradation is critical to enhance the efficiency of gene therapy. Exogenous DNA incorporation into cells is strictly blocked by the defense machinery of intracellular nuclease activity. Raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) and raster image cross-correlation spectroscopy (cross-correlation RICS; ccRICS) are image-based correlation methods. These powerful tools allow the study of spatiotemporal molecular dynamics. Here we performed spatiotemporal ccRICS analyses of fluorescent DNA and directly monitored the process of exogenous DNA degradation in living cell cytoplasm. Such direct monitors of DNA degradation allow us to determine the fate of the exogenous DNA in living cells. On comparing the process in living cells, our study shows that cytoplasmic nuclease activity differs between cell lines; therefore, we propose that the difference of nuclease activity in cytoplasm dictates a different resistance to exogenous DNA incorporation. New insight on efficient gene delivery can be provided with our study.
Targeted mutations in myostatin by zinc-finger nucleases result in double-muscled phenotype in Meishan pigs
Authors: Qian Lili , Tang Maoxue , Yang Jinzeng , Wang Qingqing , Cai Chunbo , Jiang Shengwang , Li Hegang , Jiang Ke , Gao Pengfei , Ma Dezun , Chen Yaoxing , An Xiaorong , Li Kui , Cui Wentao
Published: September 2015

Myostatin (MSTN) is a dominant inhibitor of skeletal muscle development and growth. Mutations in MSTN gene can lead to muscle hypertrophy or double-muscled (DM) phenotype in cattle, sheep, dog and human. However, there has not been reported significant muscle phenotypes in pigs in association with MSTN mutations. Pigs are an important source of meat production, as well as serve as a preferred animal model for the studies of human disease. To study the impacts of MSTN mutations on skeletal muscle growth in pigs, we generated MSTN-mutant Meishan pigs with no marker gene via zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) technology. The MSTN-mutant pigs developed and grew normally, had increased muscle mass with decreased fat accumulation compared with wild type pigs and homozygote MSTN mutant (MSTN−/−) pigs had apparent DM phenotype and individual muscle mass increased by 100% over their wild-type controls (MSTN+/+) at eight months of age as a result of myofiber hyperplasia. Interestingly, 20% MSTN-mutant pigs had one extra thoracic vertebra. The MSTN-mutant pigs will not only offer a way of fast genetic improvement of lean meat for local fat-type indigenous pig breeds, but also serve as an important large animal model for biomedical studies of musculoskeletal formation, development and diseases.
Griffiths phases and localization in hierarchical modular networks
Authors: Ódor Géza , Dickman Ronald , Ódor Gergely
Published: September 2015

We study variants of hierarchical modular network models suggested by Kaiser and Hilgetag [ Front. in Neuroinform.,4 (2010) 8] to model functional brain connectivity, using extensive simulations and quenched mean-field theory (QMF), focusing on structures with a connection probability that decays exponentially with the level index. Such networks can be embedded in two-dimensional Euclidean space. We explore the dynamic behavior of the contact process (CP) and threshold models on networks of this kind, including hierarchical trees. While in the small-world networks originally proposed to model brain connectivity, the topological heterogeneities are not strong enough to induce deviations from mean-field behavior, we show that a Griffiths phase can emerge under reduced connection probabilities, approaching the percolation threshold. In this case the topological dimension of the networks is finite and extended regions of bursty, power-law dynamics are observed. Localization in the steady state is also shown via QMF. We investigate the effects of link asymmetry and coupling disorder and show that localization can occur even in small-world networks with high connectivity in case of link disorder.
How musical expertise shapes speech perception: evidence from auditory classification images
Authors: Varnet Léo , Wang Tianyun , Peter Chloe , Meunier Fanny , Hoen Michel
Published: September 2015

It is now well established that extensive musical training percolates to higher levels of cognition, such as speech processing. However, the lack of a precise technique to investigate the specific listening strategy involved in speech comprehension has made it difficult to determine how musicians’ higher performance in non-speech tasks contributes to their enhanced speech comprehension. The recently developed Auditory Classification Image approach reveals the precise time-frequency regions used by participants when performing phonemic categorizations in noise. Here we used this technique on 19 non-musicians and 19 professional musicians. We found that both groups used very similar listening strategies, but the musicians relied more heavily on the two main acoustic cues, at the first formant onset and at the onsets of the second and third formants onsets. Additionally, they responded more consistently to stimuli. These observations provide a direct visualization of auditory plasticity resulting from extensive musical training and shed light on the level of functional transfer between auditory processing and speech perception.
A structural and spectrophotometric study on the complexation of Am(iii) with TMOGA in comparison with the extracted complex of DMDOOGA
Authors: Tian Guoxin , Shuh David K. , Beavers Christine M. , Teat Simon J.
Published: September 2015

The UV/Vis spectra and crystal structure of AmLI33+(LI= TMOGA) illustrate that Am(iii) forms similar extracted complexes with TROGA extractants.
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction using visible light by metal-monocatecholato species in a metal–organic framework
Authors: Lee Yeob , Kim Sangjun , Fei Honghan , Kang Jeung Ku , Cohen Seth M.
Published: September 2015

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with isolated metal-monocatecholato groups have been synthesized via postsynthetic exchange (PSE) for CO2 reduction photocatalyst under visible light irradiation in the presence of 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide and triethanolamine.
In cellulo protein labelling with Ru-conjugate for luminescence imaging and bioorthogonal photocatalysis
Authors: Sadhu Kalyan K. , Lindberg E. , Winssinger N.
Published: September 2015

Labelling of proteins with a luminescent ruthenium complex enables the direct visualization and photocatalytic reduction of aryl azide in live cells.
Selective remote C–H sulfonylation of aminoquinolines with arylsulfonyl chlorides via copper catalysis
Authors: Liang Hong-Wen , Jiang Kun , Ding Wei , Yuan Yi , Shuai Li , Chen Ying-Chun , Wei Ye
Published: September 2015

Copper-catalysed remote C−H bond sulfonylation of aminoquinolines using commercially available and inexpensive arylsulfonyl chlorides as the sulfonylation reagents is described.
Atomic layer deposition on 2D transition metal chalcogenides: layer dependent reactivity and seeding with organic ad-layers
Authors: Wirtz Christian , Hallam Toby , Cullen Conor Patrick , Berner Nina C. , O'Brien Maria , Marcia Mario , Hirsch Andreas , Duesberg Georg S.
Published: September 2015

Atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 on layered transition metal chalcogenides was found to depend on the number of layers involved, with the monolayer least reactive. This process can be seeded to ensure full coverage.
Synthesis and assessment of a maleimide functionalized BF2 azadipyrromethene near-infrared fluorochrome
Authors: Wu Dan , Cheung Shane , Devocelle Marc , Zhang Li-Jun , Chen Zhi-Long , O'Shea Donal F.
Published: September 2015

Aqueous soluble NIR-AZA fluorochrome which undergoes rapid rt bio-conjugations via thiol addition for in vitro and in vivo imaging.
A sensitive SERS detection of miRNA using a label-free multifunctional probe
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Yu , Gao Jian , Zhen Junhui
Published: September 2015

A novel surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection method is fabricated for miRNA based on a smart multifunctional probe for dual cyclical nucleic acid strand-displacement polymerization (CNDP).
Lyotropic liquid crystallinity in mixed-tautomer Schiff-base macrocycles
Authors: Jiang Jian , Dong Ronald Y. , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: September 2015

New Schiff-base macrocycles that combine keto-enamine and enol-imine tautomers are reported. As well as forming host–guest complexes with organic cations, these macrocycles form a lyotropic liquid crystal in organic solvents.
Solution and air stable host/guest architectures from a single layer covalent organic framework
Authors: Cui D. , MacLeod J. M. , Ebrahimi M. , Perepichka D. F. , Rosei F.
Published: September 2015

Single-layer COF-1 hosts fullerene guests, which can be introduced by a brief immersion in fullerene solution.
Global investigation of potential energy surfaces for the pyrolysis of C1–C3 hydrocarbons: toward the development of detailed kinetic models from first principles
Authors: Ryazantsev Mikhail N. , Jamal Adeel , Maeda Satoshi , Morokuma Keiji
Published: September 2015

Detailed kinetic models (DKMs) are the most fundamental “bottom-up” approaches to computational investigation of the pyrolysis and oxidation of fuels.
Misfit stabilized embedded nanoparticles in metallic alloys
Authors: Gornostyrev Yu. N. , Katsnelson M. I.
Published: September 2015

Nanoscale inhomogeneities are typical for numerous metallic alloys and crucially important for their practical applications.
Metal nanoclusters: novel probes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications
Authors: Tao Yu , Li Mingqiang , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: September 2015

We review recent advances and new horizons in the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of metal nanoclusters.
Recent advances in zeolite chemistry and catalysis
Authors: Weckhuysen Bert M. , Yu Jihong
Published: September 2015

Guest editors Bert M. Weckhuysen and Jihong Yu introduce the Recent Advances in Zeolite Chemistry and Catalysis issue of Chemical Society Reviews
Optimisation of a sol–gel synthesis route for the preparation of MgF2 particles for a large scale coating process
Authors: Scheurell K. , Noack J. , König R. , Hegmann J. , Jahn R. , Hofmann Th. , Löbmann P. , Lintner B. , Garcia-Juan P. , Eicher J. , Kemnitz E.
Published: September 2015

Preparation of transparent and low viscous MgF2 sols via sol–gel technique which can be applied for antireflective coatings on glass substrates is described.
Ruthenium chalcogenonitrosyl and bridged nitrido complexes containing chelating sulfur and oxygen ligands
Authors: Ng Ho-Yuen , Cheung Wai-Man , Kwan Huang Enrique , Wong Kang-Long , Sung Herman H.-Y. , Williams Ian D. , Leung Wa-Hung
Published: September 2015

Ruthenium thio- and seleno-nitrosyl complexes containing chelating sulfur and oxygen ligands have been synthesised and their de-chalcogenation reactions have been studied.
Dithienopicenocarbazole as the kernel module of low-energy-gap organic dyes for efficient conversion of sunlight to electricity
Authors: Yao Zhaoyang , Wu Heng , Li Yang , Wang Junting , Zhang Jing , Zhang Min , Guo Yanchun , Wang Peng
Published: September 2015

A metal-free organic dye-sensitized solar cell attains 13% power conversion efficiency under AM1.5G full sunlight.
Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) versus excimer formation in supramolecular p/n-heterojunctions of perylene bisimide dyes and implications for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Nowak-Król Agnieszka , Fimmel Benjamin , Son Minjung , Kim Dongho , Würthner Frank
Published: September 2015

Foldamer systems comprised of two perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes attached to the conjugated backbones of 1,2-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene and phenylethynyl-bis(phenylene)indane, respectively, were synthesized and investigated with regard to their solvent-dependent properties. UV/Vis absorption and steady-state fluorescence spectra show that both foldamers exist predominantly in a folded H-aggregated state consisting of π–π-stacked PBIs in THF and in more random conformations with weaker excitonic coupling between the PBIs in chloroform. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy reveal entirely different relaxation pathways for the photoexcited molecules in the given solvents,i.e.photoinduced electron transfer leading to charge separated states for the open conformations (in chloroform) and relaxation into excimer states with red-shifted emission for the stacked conformations (in THF). Supported by redox data from cyclic voltammetry and Rehm–Weller analysis we could relate the processes occurring in these solution-phase model systems to the elementary processes in organic solar cells. Accordingly, only if relaxation pathways such as excimer formation are strictly avoided in molecular semiconductor materials, excitons may diffuse over larger distances to the heterojunction interface and produce photocurrentviathe formation of electron/hole pairs by photoinduced electron transfer.
Polymerizable phosphoramidites with an acid-cleavable linker for eco-friendly synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide purification
Authors: Pokharel Durga , Fang Shiyue
Published: September 2015

Purification at the hundred milligram scale is as convenient as at the sub-milligram scale. Long sequences are easily isolated from complex mixtures. The waste to product ratio is reduced by hundreds of times over known methods.
Photoluminescence enhancement of aligned arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes by polymer transfer
Authors: Schweiger Manuel , Zakharko Yuriy , Gannott Florentina , Grimm Stefan B. , Zaumseil Jana
Published: September 2015

Polymer transfer of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes from the quartz growth substrate to glass enhances the photoluminescence efficiency up to 100 times.
Solution combustion synthesis of metal oxide nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion
Authors: Li Fa-tang , Ran Jingrun , Jaroniec Mietek , Qiao Shi Zhang
Published: September 2015

The design and synthesis of metal oxide nanomaterials is one of the key steps for achieving highly efficient energy conversion and storage on an industrial scale.
A high-performance moisture sensor based on ultralarge graphene oxide
Authors: Wee Boon-Hong , Khoh Wai-Hwa , Sarker Ashis K. , Lee Chang-Hee , Hong Jong-Dal
Published: September 2015

This article describes the effect of the lateral size of graphene oxide (GO) on the humidity sensing properties of a GO-based sensor.
Configuration and conformation of poly(3-carbazolylacetylene) including cis and trans radicals revealed by ESR spectroscopy
Authors: Sasaki Takahiro , Mawatari Yasuteru , Tabata Masayoshi
Published: September 2015

π-Conjugated cis and trans radicals of poly(N-isobutyl-3-carbazolylacetylene) were stereospecifically prepared using the [Rh(norbornadiene)Cl]2-NEt3 catalyst, and their geometric structures were determined using the electron spin resonance (ESR) method.
A rheological study on non-rubber component networks in natural rubber
Authors: Xu Lili , Huang Cheng , Luo Mingchao , Qu Wei , Liu Han , Gu Zhewei , Jing Liumei , Huang Guangsu , Zheng Jing
Published: September 2015

Proteins can interact with phospholipids in NR, the residual fragment also interact with ω-terminals in DPNR.
Promoted performance of a MnOx/PG catalyst for low-temperature SCR against SO2poisoning by addition of cerium oxide
Authors: Zhang Lianfeng , Zhang Xianlong , Lv Shuangshuang , Wu Xueping , Wang PeiMeng
Published: September 2015

Loading of cerium oxide inhibits the formation of manganese sulfates at temperatures higher than 150 °C.
Use of porous cellulose microcapsules for water treatment
Authors: Setyono Daisy , Valiyaveettil Suresh
Published: September 2015

Efficient extraction of Ag NPs and Au NPs using polyethyleneimine coated porous ethyl cellulose microcapsules.
Tuning photoluminescence of single-layer MoS2using H2O2
Authors: Su Weitao , Dou Honglei , Li Jinwei , Huo Dexuan , Dai Ning , Yang Li
Published: September 2015

The PL intensity of 1L MoS2is greatly enhanced by physisorption of H2O2molecules that act as p-type dopants. By using toluene to form the sandwiched structure of H2O2/1L-MoS2/toluene, the PL intensity of 1L MoS2can be enhanced up to 27.4 times.
Electrochemical behavior of La(iii) on liquid Bi electrode in LiCl–KCl melts. Determination of thermodynamic properties of La–Bi and Li–Bi intermetallic compounds
Authors: Li Mei , Gu Qunqun , Han Wei , Zhang Xingmei , Sun Yang , Zhang Milin , Yan Yongde
Published: September 2015

Electrochemical behavior of La(iii) was studied on liquid Bi electrode. Thermodynamic properties of five La–Bi intermetallic compounds and Li3Bi were calculated from emf measurements.
Pyrene terminal functionalized perylene diimide as non-fullerene acceptors for bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Liu Xin , Luo Guoping , Cai Xinyi , Wu Hongbin , Su Shi-Jian , Cao Yong
Published: September 2015

Two perylene diimide based small molecules with different terminal groups of pyrene andtert-butyl pyrene were developed as acceptor materials in organic solar cells.
The grafting reaction of epoxidized natural rubber with carboxyl ionic liquids and the ionic conductivity of solid electrolyte composites
Authors: Lin Qiong , Lu Yanbo , Ren Wentan , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2015

A novel hybrid material was preparedviaa grafting reaction of 50% epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) with 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazoliumbis(trifluoromethylsulfonate)imine ([(HOOC)C1C1Im][NTf2]).
Insight into the structural stability of coumestrol with human estrogen receptor α and β subtypes: a combined approach involving docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies
Authors: Zafar Atif , Ahmad Sabahuddin , Naseem Imrana
Published: September 2015

Structural stability of coumestrol with human estrogen receptor α and β subtypes.
Strong chemisorption of CO on M@Bn−(M = Co, Ir, Rh, Ru, Ta, Nb,n= 8–10) clusters: an implication for wheel boron clusters as CO gas detectors
Authors: Ren Cong , Wang Weihua , Guo Chao , Li Ping , Liu Yuxia , Bi Siwei , Li Zhen , Sun Qiao
Published: September 2015

The potential applications of wheel M@Bn−clusters in CO detection have been proposed theoretically.
Controlled synthesis of amphiphilic graft copolymer for superhydrophobic electrospun fibres with effective surface fluorine enrichment: the role of electric field and solvent
Authors: Guo Yudi , Tang Dongyan , Zhao Erqing , Yu Zaiqian , Lv Haitao , Li Xinyu
Published: September 2015

Ultra-high surface fluorine enriched superhydrophobic fibrous films have been realized by electrospinning amphiphilic graft PMMA-r-PHPA-g-PDFMA, which is ascribed to the electric field and solvent.
Tailoring the structure and gas permeation properties of silica membranes via binary metal oxides doping
Authors: Ngamou P. H. Tchoua , Ivanova M. E. , Herwartz C. , Lühmann N. , Besmehn A. , Meulenberg W. A. , Mayer J. , Guillon O.
Published: September 2015

The incorporation of binary Co–Mn or Co–Cr oxides within the silica matrix leads to the formation of silica structures with different networks, which allows tuning of the gas separation properties.
A ternary hybrid nanoreactor with thermoswitchable catalytic performance
Authors: Wang Di , Hu Jie , Zhao Rong
Published: September 2015

A hybrid nanoreactor comprised of a mesoporous silica “head” and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) long chain “hairs” has been developed. The Ag nanoparticles contained in the mesoporous silica are demonstrated a thermoswitchable catalytic performance.
Ammonia selective catalytic reduction of NO over Ce–Fe/Cu–SSZ-13 catalysts
Authors: Liu Xiaojiao , Li Yonghong , Zhang Ranran
Published: September 2015

Ce0.017–Fe0.017/Cu–SSZ-13 showed the best catalytic activity in a wider operation temperature window from 150 to 550 °C. The NO conversion over Ce0.017–Fe0.017/Cu–SSZ-13 was more than 90% between 200 and 500 °C.
Synthesis and characterization of upconversion nanoparticles with shell structure and ligand-free hydrophilic modification
Authors: Kang Di , Song Xiaoyan , Xing Jinfeng
Published: September 2015

Rare-earth upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with α and β phases were prepared. UCNPs with core–shell structure were prepared and modified to be hydrophilic by ligand-free hydrophilic modification.
Electrochemical and magnetic properties of nanostructured CoMn2O4and Co2MnO4
Authors: Garg Neha , Mishra Monu , Govind Govind , Ganguli Ashok Kumar
Published: September 2015

Phase dependent electrocatalysis of the two spinel phases (CoMn2O4and Co2MnO4nanocubes) towards OER and ORR.
Solution processed nanomanufacturing of SERS substrates with random Ag nanoholes exhibiting uniformly high enhancement factors
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Siddhanta Soumik , Mettela Gangaiah , Chakraborty Swati , Narayana Chandrabhas , Kulkarni Giridhar U.
Published: September 2015

An Ag film exhibits an enhanced Raman signal over unusually large areas due to surface plasmons around its nanoholes. The SERS signal is increased by optical interference effects and the uniformity of the signal is improved by electrical activation.
Homogeneous chemiluminescent DNA assay based on allosteric activation of peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme
Authors: Gribas Anastasia V. , Zhao Shulin , Sakharov Ivan Yu.
Published: September 2015

We developed a homogeneous chemiluminescent DNA assay based on allosteric activation of peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme.
Synthesis of EDOT-containing polythiophenes and their properties in relation to the composition ratio of EDOT
Authors: Imae Ichiro , Ogino Ryo , Tsuboi Yoshiaki , Goto Tatsunari , Komaguchi Kenji , Harima Yutaka
Published: September 2015

Polythiophenes composed of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and 3-hexylthiophene with different composition ratios are synthesized and their optical, electrochemical and electrical properties are investigated in terms of the composition ratio.
Effect on physical and chemical characteristics of activated carbon on adsorption of trimethoprim: mechanisms study
Authors: Liu Hai , Zhang Jian , Ngo Huu Hao , Guo Wenshan , Wu Haiming , Guo Zizhang , Cheng Cheng , Zhang Chenglu
Published: September 2015

Five different types of activated carbon varying in porosity, structure, and functional groups were prepared and used as adsorbents.
Facile synthesis of a novel Al-based composite as an anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Qing-Yu , Pan Qi-Chang , Yang Guan-Hua , Lin Xi-Le , Yan Zhi-Xiong , Wang Hong-Qiang , Huang You-Guo
Published: September 2015

The synthesis of a novel Al/MoS2/C composite with a facile ball milling method can improve the electrochemical performance significantly as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Structural and electrical behaviour in Bi14YO22.5
Authors: Struzik M. , Malys M. , Krynski M. , Wojcik M. , Dygas J. R. , Wrobel W. , Krok F. , Abrahams I.
Published: September 2015

Ab initio molecular dynamics calculations show low energy barriers for oxide ion conduction along c-axis channels in βIII-Bi14YO22.5.
Solution-blown core–shell hydrogel nanofibers for bovine serum albumin affinity adsorption
Authors: Tong Junying , Xu Xianlin , Wang Hang , Zhuang Xupin , Zhang Fang
Published: September 2015

In this work, nylon 6 core–chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) shell hydrogel nanofibers (NCNFs) were fabricated by coaxial solution blowing for BSA adsorbing.
Synthesis and application of fatty acid derived templates for the preparation of mesostructured silica material
Authors: Pirez C. , Stoclet G. , Lebarbé T. , Desset S. , Dumeignil F. , Katryniok B.
Published: September 2015

Bio-Organic-Salts (BOSs) synthesized from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMESs) have been developed for use as a bio-derived template for mesostructured material.
An epistemological inquiry into organic chemistry education: exploration of undergraduate students' conceptual understanding of functional groups
Authors: Akkuzu Nalan , Uyulgan Melis Arzu
Published: September 2015

This study sought to determine the levels of conceptual understanding of undergraduate students regarding organic compounds within different functional groups. A total of 60 students who were enrolled in the Department of Secondary Science and Mathematics Education of a Faculty of Education at a state university in Turkey and who had followed an Organic Chemistry Laboratory Course participated in the study. The data were collected using two tools: functional group worksheets and concept maps. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations were used in analyzing the data. The findings showed that the students generally had low levels of understanding of concepts relating to functional groups, and they exhibited a considerable number of misconceptions. Considering the findings more fully, it was determined that students have remarkable misconceptions and low levels of understanding about certain topics regarding functional groups, including the physical properties of functional groups, intermolecular bonds, acidity and basicity, reduction and oxidation, stereoisomerism and structural isomerism, and aromaticity and aliphaticity, as well as other organic chemistry concepts (e.g. decarboxylation, oxyacide, and phenol). The results suggest that since students are unable to adequately comprehend the subjects of general chemistry, such as intramolecular and intermolecular bonds, acidity and basicity, oxidation and reduction and determination of molecular structures, they fail to accurately transfer their knowledge to learning about organic chemistry. In order to promote students' understanding of functional groups and prevent related misconceptions, it is recommended that basic chemistry topics should be reinforced, and the relationship between students' current knowledge and the new information to be learned in organic chemistry should be emphasized with the help of activities in which various forms of thinking are used.
Creating robust superamphiphobic coatings for both hard and soft materials
Authors: Chen Faze , Song Jinlong , Lu Yao , Huang Shuai , Liu Xin , Sun Jing , Carmalt Claire J. , Parkin Ivan P. , Xu Wenji
Published: September 2015

Robust superamphiphobic coatings fabricated by a facile chemical deposition and low surface energy modification were coated on both hard and soft materials to repel water and oils.
Hydrogen-induced stabilization and tunable electronic structures of penta-silicene: a computational study
Authors: Ding Yi , Wang Yanli
Published: September 2015

Hydrogenation helps to stabilize pentagonal silicene sheets, whose one-dimensional nanoribbons are intriguing bipolar magnetic semiconductors.
Fluorescent light energy harvesting using a capacitive touch screen
Authors: Kim Seulkirom , Kim Katherine A. , Bien Franklin
Published: September 2015

This Letter presents a fluorescent light energy harvesting method using a capacitive touch screen to charge a phone battery. The proposed idea utilises additional power circuitry, i.e., AC to DC and DC to DC converters to provide DC power to the load. Fluorescent light used in the experiment had a 29.56‐V peak‐to‐peak voltage at 38 kHz frequency. Experimental measurements show that the fluorescent light energy harvesting system can generate 835 μW of power.
Bit‐error‐rate minimisation in multiuser transmission schemes for multiple‐input–multiple‐output communication with increasing number of base station antennas
Authors: Marinello José Carlos , Ciriaco Fernando , Abrão Taufik
Published: September 2015

Multiuser transmission (MuT) can be carried out at the base station of a multiple‐input–multiple‐output system for mitigating the downlink multiuser interference, achieving a near‐single‐user performance at the mobile terminals. These MuT systems can be designed for optimising different performance metrics, such as the bit‐error‐rate (BER), which is the focus of this study. In order to mitigate the MuT's complexity, a convex formulation for the minimum BER (MinBER) optimisation problem is proposed, by employing some slight modifications on its original formulation. The authors have shown that the novel convex formulation makes the application of some optimisation algorithms very efficient, leading to a reduced complexity and enabling the system operation in higher dimensions. Indeed, the authors also show that in these conditions the MinBER–MuT system presents the most noticeable gains in performance. The results demonstrate that, among the investigated techniques, the proposed Line Search Quasi‐Newton algorithm relying on the penalty function approach results in the best performance versus complexity trade‐off in the context of high capacity multiuser systems.
Cooperative distributed model predictive control of multiple coupled linear systems
Authors: Gao Yulong , Xia Yuanqing , Dai Li
Published: September 2015

This study presents a cooperative distributed model predictive control (CDMPC) algorithm for a team of linear subsystems with the coupled cost and coupled constraints. At each sampling time, all the subsystems are permitted to synchronously optimise. An improved compatibility constraint, which plays an important to ensure the stability, is constructed to ensure that the actual state trajectory of each subsystem does not deviate too much from its assumed one. Moreover, a positive invariant terminal set and an associated terminal cost (a local control‐Lyapunov function) are designed in the distributed manner. By applying the proposed algorithm, the recursive feasibility with respect to both local and coupled constraints and the closed‐loop stability of the whole system are ensured. In final, the numerical results of the comparisons between the CDMPC algorithm and the centralised model predictive control are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Review and retrofitted architectures to form reliable smart microgrid networks for urban buildings
Authors: Pavan Kumar Y.V. , Bhimasingu Ravikumar
Published: September 2015

Smart microgrid initiatives for recent urbanisation at power distribution level need an integrated and interoperable environment that can work collectively with local energy systems and utility grid. This is achieved through the design of an architecture by using contemporary information and communication technology. System architecture provides a common work process that span across all the critical subsystems of a building for better informed decisions with reduced human interventions. Two key aspects of architecture development are, the way of its presentation and network reliability. The architecture should be clear in its presentation for the understanding of various stakeholders and possess fault tolerant communication mechanisms to have high network reliability. Considering aforementioned aspects, this study presents review of state‐of‐the‐art architectures developed by IEEE‐1547, ISA‐95, National Institute of Standards and Technology, IEC‐61850 for smart microgrids formation and suggests retrofitted architectures to improve architecture clarity by presenting in a more lucid way and network reliability by the concept of redundant communication paths.
Arbeitsbedingter Stress und der Allostatic Load Index – eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Mauss D. , Li J. , Schmidt B. , Angerer P. , Jarczok M.
Published: September 2015

Ziel: Arbeitsbedingter Stress ist eine zunehmende gesellschaftliche Herausforderung und wird in ursächlichen Zusammenhang mit reduzierter Gesundheit, weniger Wohlbefinden und niedrigerer Produktivität von Mitarbeitern gebracht. Der Allostatic Load Index (ALI) ist ein Messkatalog für akkumulierte physiologische Stressfolgen. Die vorliegende Übersichtarbeit beschreibt das bisherige Wissen über den Zusammenhang von arbeitsbedingten Stress und ALI bei erwachsenen Beschäftigten.

Methodik: Eine systematische Literaturrecherche auf Basis des PRISMA Statements wurde in 21 Datenbanken inklusive Medline, PubPsych, MedPilot und Cochrane Register durchgeführt. Es wurden ausschließlich Originalarbeiten berücksichtigt, die arbeitsbedingten Stress und medizinische Parameter mithilfe des ALI untersuchten. Angaben zur Studienpopulation, analytische Methoden und Ergebnisse wurden erfasst. Die methodologische Qualität wurde durch eine standardisierte Checkliste geprüft.

Ergebnisse: Es wurden 9 Artikel zu Querschnittstudien im Zeitraum 2003–2013 identifiziert, die Daten von insgesamt 3 532 Mitarbeitern aus 5 Ländern beinhalteten. Sieben Studien berichteten einen positiven und signifikanten Zusammenhang von arbeitsbedingtem Stress und ALI, während 2 Studien keinen oder einen nicht signifikanten Zusammenhang fanden. Es wurde substantielle Heterogenität bezüglich der angewendeten Methoden sowie der Studienqualität festgestellt.

Schlussfolgerung: Diese Übersichtarbeit zeigt einen positiven Zusammenhang von Arbeitsstress und ALI in Querschnittstudien. Weitere Untersuchungen in der arbeitenden Bevölkerung sollten diesen Zusammenhang im Längsschnitt nachweisen.
Self-electrophoresis of spheroidal electrocatalytic swimmers
Authors: Nourhani Amir , Crespi Vincent H. , Lammert Paul E. , Borhan Ali
Published: September 2015

Using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, we derive a general expression for the speed of a prolate spheroidal electrocatalytic nanomotor in terms of interfacial potential and physical properties of the motor environment in the limit of small Debye length and Péclet number. This greatly increases the range of geometries that can be handled without resorting to numerical simulations, since a wide range of shapes from spherical to needle-like, and in particular the common cylindrical shape, can be well-approximated by prolate spheroids. For piecewise-uniform distribution of surface cation flux with fixed average absolute value, the mobility of a prolate spheroidal motor with a symmetric cation source/sink configuration is a monotonically decreasing function of eccentricity. A prolate spheroidal motor with an asymmetric sink/source configuration moves faster than its symmetric counterpart and can exhibit a non-monotonic dependence of motor speed on eccentricity for a highly asymmetric design.
Structure, thermodynamics, and crystallization of amorphous hafnia
Authors: Luo Xuhui , Demkov Alexander A.
Published: September 2015

We investigate theoretically amorphous hafnia using the first principles melt and quench method. We identify two types of amorphous structures of hafnia. Type I and type II are related to tetragonal and monoclinic hafnia, respectively. We find type II structure to show stronger disorder than type I. Using the phonon density of states, we calculate the specific heat capacity for type II amorphous hafnia. Using the nudged elastic band method, we show that the averaged transition barrier between the type II amorphous hafnia and monoclinic phase is approximately 0.09 eV/HfO2. The crystallization temperature is estimated to be 421 K. The calculations suggest an explanation for the low thermal stability of amorphous hafnia.
Thermally enhanced blue light-emitting diode
Authors: Xue Jin , Zhao Yuji , Oh Sang-Ho , Herrington William F. , Speck James S. , DenBaars Steven P. , Nakamura Shuji , Ram Rajeev J.
Published: September 2015

We investigate thermoelectric pumping in wide-bandgap GaN based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to take advantage of high junction temperature rather than avoiding the problem of temperature-induced efficiency droop through external cooling. We experimentally demonstrate a thermally enhanced 450 nm GaN LED, in which nearly fourfold light output power is achieved at 615 K (compared to 295 K room temperature operation), with nearly no reduction in the wall-plug efficiency (i.e., electrical-optical energy conversion efficiency) at bias V<ℏω/q. The LED is shown to work in a mode similar to a thermodynamic heat engine operating with charged carriers pumped into the active region by a combination of electrical work and Peltier heat (phonons) drawn from the lattice. In this optimal operating regime at 615 K, the LED injection current (3.26 A/cm2) is of similar magnitude to the operating point of common high power GaN based LEDs (5–35 A/cm2). This result suggests the possibility of removing bulky heat sinks in current high power LED products thus realizing a significant cost reduction for solid-state lighting.
Effect of microstructure on the coupled electromagnetic-thermo-mechanical response of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine-estane energetic aggregates to infrared laser radiation
Authors: Brown Judith A. , Zikry M. A.
Published: September 2015

The coupled electromagnetic (EM)-thermo-mechanical response of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine-estane energetic aggregates under laser irradiation and high strain rate loads has been investigated for various aggregate sizes and binder volume fractions. The cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) crystals are modeled with a dislocation density-based crystalline plasticity formulation and the estane binder is modeled with finite viscoelasticity through a nonlinear finite element approach that couples EM wave propagation with laser heat absorption, thermal conduction, and inelastic deformation. Material property and local behavior mismatch at the crystal-binder interfaces resulted in geometric scattering of the EM wave, electric field and laser heating localization, high stress gradients, dislocation density, and crystalline shear slip accumulation. Viscous sliding in the binder was another energy dissipation mechanism that reduced stresses in aggregates with thicker binder ligaments and larger binder volume fractions. This investigation indicates the complex interactions between EM waves and mechanical behavior, for accurate predictions of laser irradiation of heterogeneous materials.
Fractional diffusions with time-varying coefficients
Authors: Garra Roberto , Orsingher Enzo , Polito Federico
Published: September 2015

This paper is concerned with the fractionalized diffusion equations governing the law of the fractional Brownian motion BH(t). We obtain solutions of these equations which are probability laws extending that of BH(t). Our analysis is based on McBride fractional operators generalizing the hyper-Bessel operators L and converting their fractional power Lα into Erdélyi–Kober fractional integrals. We study also probabilistic properties of the random variables whose distributions satisfy space-time fractional equations involving Caputo and Riesz fractional derivatives. Some results emerging from the analysis of fractional equations with time-varying coefficients have the form of distributions of time-changed random variables.
Pullback attractors for nonclassical diffusion equations with delays
Authors: Zhu Kaixuan , Sun Chunyou
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we prove the existence of pullback attractors in CH01(Ω) for a nonclassical diffusion equation with delay term g(t, ut) which contains some hereditary characteristics. We consider two types of nonlinearity f: one is the case of critical growth and the other one is the polynomial growth of arbitrary order p − 1(p ≥ 2).
Dissociation energies of Ag–RG (RG = Ar, Kr, Xe) and AgO molecules from velocity map imaging studies
Authors: Cooper Graham A. , Kartouzian Aras , Gentleman Alexander S. , Iskra Andreas , van Wijk Robert , Mackenzie Stuart R.
Published: September 2015

The near ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of silver atom—rare gas dimers have been studied by velocity map imaging. Ag–RG (RG = Ar, Kr, Xe) species generated by laser ablation are excited in the region of the C (2Σ+)←X (2Σ+) continuum leading to direct, near-threshold dissociation generating Ag* (2P3/2) + RG (1S0) products. Images recorded at excitation wavelengths throughout the C (2Σ+)←X (2Σ+) continuum, coupled with known atomic energy levels, permit determination of the ground X (2Σ+) state dissociation energies of 85.9 ± 23.4 cm−1 (Ag–Ar), 149.3 ± 22.4 cm−1 (Ag–Kr), and 256.3 ± 16.0 cm−1 (Ag–Xe). Three additional photolysis processes, each yielding Ag atom photoproducts, are observed in the same spectral region. Two of these are markedly enhanced in intensity upon seeding the molecular beam with nitrous oxide, and are assigned to photodissociation of AgO at the two-photon level. These features yield an improved ground state dissociation energy for AgO of 15 965 ± 81 cm−1, which is in good agreement with high level calculations. The third process results in Ag atom fragments whose kinetic energy shows anomalously weak photon energy dependence and is assigned tentatively to dissociative ionization of the silver dimer Ag2.
Modeling surface roughness scattering in metallic nanowires
Authors: Moors Kristof , Sorée Bart , Magnus Wim
Published: September 2015

Ando's model provides a rigorous quantum-mechanical framework for electron-surface roughness scattering, based on the detailed roughness structure. We apply this method to metallic nanowires and improve the model introducing surface roughness distribution functions on a finite domain with analytical expressions for the average surface roughness matrix elements. This approach is valid for any roughness size and extends beyond the commonly used Prange-Nee approximation. The resistivity scaling is obtained from the self-consistent relaxation time solution of the Boltzmann transport equation and is compared to Prange-Nee's approach and other known methods. The results show that a substantial drop in resistivity can be obtained for certain diameters by achieving a large momentum gap between Fermi level states with positive and negative momentum in the transport direction.
Low temperature carrier transport study of monolayer MoS2 field effect transistors prepared by chemical vapor deposition under an atmospheric pressure
Authors: Liu Xinke , He Jiazhu , Liu Qiang , Tang Dan , Wen Jiao , Liu Wenjun , Yu Wenjie , Wu Jing , He Zhubing , Lu Youming , Zhu Deliang , Liu Wenjun , Cao Peijiang , Han Sun , Ang Kah-Wee
Published: September 2015

Large size monolayer Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) was successfully grown by chemical vapor deposition method under an atmospheric pressure. The electrical transport properties of the fabricated back-gate monolayer MoS2 field effect transistors (FETs) were investigated under low temperatures; a peak field effect mobility of 59 cm2V−1s−1 was achieved. With the assist of Raman measurement under low temperature, this work identified the mobility limiting factor for the monolayer MoS2 FETs: homopolar phonon scattering under low temperature and electron-polar optical phonon scattering at room temperature.