bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Quasi-Power Relations in the Transformation of the Mechanism of Legal Regulation of International Relations
Authors: Yuritsin A.A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The article concerns the problems and prospects of the impact of quasi-power relations on the existing system of legal regulation of international relations. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to identify international quasi-power relations and the nature of their influence on the existing model of legal regulation of international relations. Methodology. The research methodology is based on a dialectical-materialistic approach to understanding and explaining legal and historical patterns, predicting their development. Results. The existing form of regulation of international relations, due to the impact of quasi-power relations, is at the stage of an intensifying crisis and needs prompt civilized reform. Conclusion. Based on the legitimate nature of power relations, the author comes to the conclusion that the existing conflict between the legal form and content of international relations is aggravated at the level of international law not by power relations, but by their antipode, i.e. quasi-power relations manifesting themselves in international customs of the use of military force, the activities of private military companies and national intelligence services, and in unilateral economic sanctions. This practice fundamentally contradicts the existing coordination system of public international law and devalues its significance. This contradiction necessitates a change in the system of legal regulation of international relations before this happens as a result of another global war, which historically has been a way to overcome and remove accumulated contradictions.
Conditions for the Combinability of Mixed Contracts
Authors: Temnikova N.A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Freedom of contract presupposes the possibility of concluding a mixed contract, which contains elements of various contracts provided for by law or other legal acts, obviously there is clearly insufficient legal regulation, which creates gaps, the very understanding of a mixed contract in legal practice does not differ in unity. The above creates the need for a deeper study of this phenomenon. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to identify the conditions of combinability of mixed contracts. Methodology. The research used methods of generalization, description, analysis, synthesis, comparative legal, historical and formal legal methods. Results. In order to identify the conditions that allow the integration of a single mixed agreement, assuming the emergence of interrelated rights and obligations, the conditions of the combinability of a mixed agreement are highlighted. These include: subjects are acceptable for each of the contractual models; combined contracts are not types of the same contractual type (for example, purchase and sale or contract). The causa of the combined ones do not contradict each other, but are correlated and assume a logical and economic connection; the subject of execution is possible for each of the contract models or does not contradict them.
Intellectual Property Rights to 3D Printing Objects
Authors: Solomonov E.V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. In the legal sphere, the Russian state is faced with the task of modernizing civil legislation regulating relations related to the creation and use of three-dimensional printing technology, including the development of a legal regime for a three-dimensional model and a three-dimensional material object created on its basis. Purpose. The author aims to analyze existing problems of legal regulation of 3D printing in the field of intellectual property law and develop proposals and recommendations for solving them. Methodology. The general principles of scientific knowledge (comprehensiveness, systematicity, objectivity), the general philosophical method (dialectical), general scientific methods of knowledge (comparison, ascent from the abstract to the particular), general logical methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization, classification, abstraction), special legal methods (formal legal, method of interpretation of legal norms, dogmatic). Results. Various aspects of the legal regime of 3D printing are analyzed, including the features of a 3D model and a material 3D object in relation to copyright, patent law and other intellectual rights. Recommendations for improving legislation in the field of intellectual property rights for three-dimensional printing objects are proposed. Conclusion. Improving the legal regulation of three-dimensional printing technology in our country is of great importance. It is necessary to develop a unified approach to the regulation of 3D printing in both copyright and patent law.
Political and Legal Administration in the South of Western Siberia and in Northern Kazakhstan in the 19th Century
Authors: Konovalov I.A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the topic of the article is determined by its poor study in historical and legal sciences. Purpose. The paper examines the issues of political and legal administration in Northern Kazakhstan and in the south of Western Siberia. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is based on the principles of theoretical and historical legal knowledge - historicism and objectivity, based on a critical attitude to sources, as well as unbiased approaches to the analysis of the topic under study. Results. Local government reforms implemented in the region in the nineteenth century. they remained unchanged until the revolutionary upheavals of 1917. They had a progressive character and strengthened friendly and good-neighborly relations between the Kazakh and Russian peoples. Conclusion. Carrying out the political and legal incorporation of Northern Kazakhstan with other parts of the empire, the Russian supreme power made the transition from traditional custom-based management to a new bureaucratic administration, extending modern legislation and departmental management to the region.
Consumer Protection Legislation in the Post-Soviet States: a Comparative Study
Authors: Gorupa T.A. , Chugunova T.I. , Shalaeva T.Z.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. In the article, the authors consider a number of topical comparative problems of consumer protection in the states of the post-Soviet space. The relevance of this topic is due to the need to expand the methodological framework of scientific research on consumer protection issues, identify fundamental differences in legislation in order to eliminate obstacles to the creation of integration legislation of member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Union State, and improve the conceptual apparatus in this area. Purpose. The authors' purpose includes the identification of common and special features of the legislation of the member states of regional economic organizations, other countries of the post-Soviet space and determination of directions for its convergence within the framework of existing organizations of regional economic integration. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the general scientific methods of dialectics, formal logic and system analysis (in particular, general logical methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and analogy, methods of observation, description and comparison), as well as modern private scientific methods of legal science (comparative legal, historical-legal and formal-legal). Results. The similarity of the legislation on consumer protection in the states of the post-Soviet space in terms of determining their foundations is stated. Its distinctive features are revealed in individual countries, in particular, in the field of special legal consolidation of contracts concluded with the help of technical means or at a distance, consolidation of unfair terms of consumer contracts. Conclusion. The authors propose directions for the unification and harmonization of the legislation of international regional organizations, such as the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Union State.
Distinctive Features of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Mongolia (Part 1)
Authors: Stepashin V.M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Up to the 1986 edition, the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Mongolian People's Republic differed little from the Criminal Code of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. Twenty out of thirty chapters of the current Criminal Code of Mongolia form the Special Part. Purpose. The author's aim is to identify the distinctive features of a Special Part of the Criminal Code of Mongolia. Methodology. The comparative legal, formal legal and scientific analysis methods were used primarily. Results. The features of the Mongolian criminal law are investigated. Traditional crimes by name, which have pronounced specifics in the Criminal Code of Mongolia, as well as original compositions of crimes that have no analogues in Russian legislation, have been identified. Conclusions. The Criminal Code of Mongolia is a unique normative act with a pronounced humanistic orientation, which maintains a balance between national legislative traditions and the influence exerted by modern Russian, Asian and European criminal law.
Features of Normative Regulation of Simplified Criminal Procedures (Continuation)
Authors: Boyarskaya A.V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The object of consideration of the author is simplified criminal procedural procedures. These include a special procedure for making a court decision if the accused agrees with the charge brought against him (Chapter 40 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation), a special procedure for trial when concluding a pre-trial agreement on cooperation (Chapter 40.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation), a shortened inquiry (Chapter 32.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation) . The subject of study is the provisions of the criminal procedure law and the rules of law enshrined in them that regulate the above procedural forms. Systemic connections between the relevant standards are also taken into account. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the features of the norms of Chapter 40.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, regulating the procedure for a special procedure for judicial proceedings when concluding a pre-trial agreement on cooperation, which we consider as a derivative in relation to the “classical” special procedure for judicial proceedings, taken in the rank of the “standard” summary trial production. Methodology. The declared object and subject of research are considered by the author using the method of analysis, synthesis, formal legal, systemic structural and comparative legal methods of scientific knowledge. Results. The work identifies and analyzes the features of the normative regulation of a special procedure for judicial proceedings when concluding a pre-trial agreement on cooperation in order to establish the type characteristics of this criminal procedural procedure within the framework of their classification into primary and derivative. Conclusion. The goal set in the work was achieved. The problems of the specifics of the normative regulation of the special procedure for judicial proceedings when concluding a pre-trial cooperation agreement were considered and revealed. The results obtained can be used for further study of the phenomenon of simplified criminal procedure as a result of differentiation of the criminal process.
Policy of General and Administrative Expenses in Soviet State during the Great Patriotic War (A Case of Study Chelyabinsk Region)
Authors: Ivlev N.N.
Published: November 2024

The article presents and studies the experience of building model of economical and social process management in extremely conditions of the Great Patriotic War. The article analyzes the core measures of reducing and bringing to an optimal state administrative and management costs and the number of leadership positions during the great Patriotic war, held in the Chelyabinsk region. These activities included: annual registration of staffing plans and estimates of administrative and management costs in the Financial departments, as well as field audits of enterprises and organizations to be registered.
Some Problems of the Agrarian History of the Middle Age of France in the Works of E. V. Olovyanishnikova
Authors: Klyuev A.I. , Metel O.V.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the scientific heritage of E. V. Olovyanishnikova. For the first time in Russian historiography, the authors reconstruct the stages of the historian's creative path and analyze her works on the evolution of agrarian relations in France in the 9th-13th centuries. The main conclusion reached by the researchers is that E. V. Olovyanishnikova did not create a coherent scientific concept, confining herself to some source-research developments - an analysis of several cartularii. The main reasons for this result are rooted in the evolutionary features of Soviet historiography at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s.
Archaeological Fund of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of OmSU: History of Formation (1976-1986)
Authors: Kildyusheva A.A. , Baglaj S.S.
Published: November 2024

The article describes the initial period of the formation of the archaeological fund of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of Omsk State University. It is told about discovered (mainly in the Omsk region) and studied archaeological sites that gave extensive collections of objects. The activity of a pleiad of Siberian archaeologists studying the ancient and medieval history of the Middle Irtysh is shown.
Everyday Life in Kazakhstan During the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Saktaganova Z.G. , Abdrakhmanova K.K.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of daily life in Kazakhstan during the Great Patriotic War. The authors, based on archival materials and memoirs of war veterans, tried to identify and analyze a complex of household, food, housing, sanitary and other problems. The authors came to the conclusion that the living standards of the over whelming majority of the country's population have drastically declined during the war years. Throughout the war, working and living conditions remained extremely difficult, but in the name of Victory the population courageously endured all the difficulties.
From the History of 16th Military Town in Omsk
Authors: Naumov S.S. , Petin D.I.
Published: November 2024

The work is dedicated to the appearance, architectural development and existence of the 16th Military Town - a single Omsk microdistrict with more than a hundred past. The indicated aspect in local history is little studied. The study of the issue by specialists within the framework of Siberia is analyzed. The appearance of this microdistrict is presented in the context of the interdependence of the development and deployment of military units here. Interdisciplinary historical and cultural discourse makes it possible to judge the microdistrict as a unique and in need of state protection component of the Omsk city space.
The Tuareg Uprising of 1916-1917: Religious Revolt or Anti-Colonial War?
Authors: Makutchev A.V.
Published: November 2024

At the beginning of the 20th century, a mighty uprising of the Tuareg, a large Berber people living on the territory of modern Niger and Mali, took place in the African Sahel. This uprising is notable not only for its scale, but also for the controversy of its essence. Some researchers consider this movement as a religious war that laid the foundations of modern interfaith conflicts in the Sahel, others consider it as an anti-colonial war aimed at liberating the Tuareg, who still do not have their own statehood, from French colonial rule. Based on the available data, the author explores the background and course of the uprising.
Representation of Sport as a Socio-Political Project of the USSR in the Journal “Theory and Practice of Physical Culture” (1985-1991)
Authors: Doroshenko A.A.
Published: November 2024

The article establishes the attitude of the Soviet state to sport in the light of social policy in 1985-1991. The state concept of sport that emerged during the Soviet perestroika period is revealed. The basic elements, functions and problems of sports as a socio-political project are revealed in the journal “Theory and Practice of Physical Culture”. This journal is considered in the article as a platform for the representation of the tasks that the authorities set for sports.
Formation and Development of the System of Measures of Social Assistance to Tula Gunsmiths in the Late 18th - Early 19th Century. Historiographical Perspective of the Problem
Authors: Gladina A.Yu.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the review of the domestic historiography of Tula gunsmiths of the 18th - early 19th century in the aspect of studying the system of social assistance measures created at the Tula arms factory. It is traced what aspects of life and life of Tula gunsmiths have already been studied by historians. In recent decades, there has been a sufficient scientific potential of the topic, the expansion of the subject area of this research and the definition of prospects for the future.
The First Researchers of History of Censorship in Russia
Authors: Bessonova N.N.
Published: November 2024

The article is analyzed the first researching about history of censorship as a part of historical knowledge and intellectual culture. The period when the research topic was just beginning to be formulated, the process took place outside the scientific institutions, and most of the authors were not included in the professional corporation of historians. The professional affiliation of the first researchers of the topic and their main achievements in the coverage of the problem are determined.
Mechanisms and Channels of Recruitment of Political Elite: A Comparative Analysis of Russia and the United States
Authors: Vetrenko I.A.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the methodological problem of separation of mechanisms and channels of recruitment in the political elite on the example of two countries - Russia and America. The degree of homogeneity of political elites and the degree of their influence in society are studied. On the basis of the comparative analysis the universal (traditional) channels of recruitment and specific for each of the studied countries are considered. The spheres of state activity are revealed, where the influence of political elites is very significant and largely decisive.
About the Typological Relevance of the Current Russian Political Regime
Authors: Popova Yu.V.
Published: November 2024

Modernity, especially the events of the last few months, raise the question of what is the direction of changes in the modern Russian political regime: is it changing or simply manifests its essence more clearly. This article offers an understanding of the current decisions and actions of the authorities as a clearer expression of the essence of the modern Russian regime as a personalist regime.
British Policy in Palestine in 1917-1939: Achievements and Missed Opportunities
Authors: Shapovalov M.S.
Published: November 2024

The paper deals with the issue of the formation and implementation of British policy in Palestine in 1917-1939. The paper is based mainly on the diplomatic documents and materials of the British parliamentary debate. The author of the paper aims to answer the question: what were the achievements of British politics in Palestine, or rather, should we talk about the lost opportunities for the mandate administration of the Holy Land in 1920-1939? The author comes to the conclusion that just ten years after joining the administration of the Holy Land, the United Kingdom actually signed for its helplessness. It seems that if it were not for the sharp deterioration in the international situation that occurred from 1931-1933, and then the outbreak of a new world war, the British government would begin to prepare the ground for leaving Palestine already in the 1930s.
Comparison of the Results of the Election of the Deputies of the European Parliament in the Central European States (2014, 2019)
Authors: Kefner N.V. , Skvortsov K.A.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the research of the results of the elections of deputies of the European parliament in the states of Central Europe based on a comparative analysis of data from the two electoral cycles of 2014 and 2019. In this article, on the basis of a comparative analysis, the dynamics of the results of the election of deputies of the European parliament in the states of Central Europe in the context of the development of the supranational party system of the European union are presented.
30 Years of Research of Archaeological Microregions (The Current State of the Concept in Domestic Science)
Authors: Tikhonov S.S.
Published: November 2024

In 1990 archaeologists from Voronezh declared that there are archaeological microregions - groups ofs of archaeological sites in a certain area. However, itsr study was most active on the territory of Siberia and adjacent territories. At present, the number has been identified and, to varying degrees, studied by several hundred archaeological neighborhoods. The author, summarizing the total work, summarizes the results of thirty years of activity of scientists in this direction.
Modern Ecological Movements: Ideological Basis, Principles of Classification, Research Approaches (Based on Materials from the Omsk Region)
Authors: Seleznev A.G. , Selezneva I.A.
Published: November 2024

Results of the ethnographic study of Omsk region ecological movements and ecovillages fulfilled under the RFBR project No. 17-01-00423 are presented in the paper. The materials of ecovillage “Severnaya stolitsa” field observation were introduced. The specificity of sociological and anthropological approaches to the study of ecomovements and ecovillages has defined. Two variants of Omsk region ecovillages classification has proposed. The main attention is paid to the religious and ideological motives of ecovillages organization. The classification based on the level of association with other settlements, or other forms of human activity was suggested also.
Cyberspace Ecovillages: Reflection of the Ideology of Environmental Movements in Social Networks
Authors: Gutyra V.I.
Published: November 2024

This work expands the existing research framework of anthropology, directs it towards the study of subcultures, new religious movements, industrial and technological culture, the Internet space as an important element of the modern world. First of all, attention was focused on the study of the coexistence of modern technologies with religious and everyday ideas of eco-settlers, on the example of the communities of rodnover and anastasievites of the Omsk region. The interdisciplinary nature of the work allows us to more objectively consider the phenomenon of new religious movements in the context of the Internet space and thus carry out a full analysis of the cultural universals of these social groups.
Siberian Village: Ethnographic Study of the Modern Rural Lifestyle
Authors: Selezneva I.A. , Chernova I.V.
Published: November 2024

The study of the rural world in retrospect is closely related to one of the global contemporary problems identified by international organizations in the 1960s - sustainable development of rural areas. The importance of this issue has led to its long-term careful study on a variety of regional material and the development of many methods of indexing and evaluation of factors of sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The authors focus on the ethnographic study of the modern village in Siberia, on scientific approaches to the study of traditional and modernist strategies for the development of rural areas.
Sources for the Study of the Dynamics of the Funeral and Memorial Rites of the Russians of Western Siberia
Authors: Mezhevikin I.V.
Published: November 2024

For a long time, the funeral and memorial rites of the Russians of Western Siberia remained outside of the researchers attention. Written sources are rare and incomplete, the archaeological works on Russian necropolises began to be carried out only in the 1990s: so until now, such excavations are rare and provide extremely limited data. An important task is the systematization and determination of the possibilities of various types and forms of the sources for the study of the traditions associated with death in the Russian population of Western Siberia. Such work provides to predict perspective directions of research into the traditional funeral and memorial rites of the Russians of Western Siberia.
“I Was Obliged to Brand the Very Fact”. Anton V. Kartashev's Letters to George I. Novitskii. 1956
Authors: Antoshchenko A.V.
Published: November 2024

This publication continues to acquaint the readers with letters written by the historian and professor of the St. Sergius Theological Institute in Paris, Anton V. Kartashev, to his friend George I. Novitskii, who lived in New York. In the following correspondence the historian explained the significance of the polemic section of his book “The Restoration of Holy Rus'” issued with financial support of G. I. Novitskii. A. V. Kartashev criticized the loss of national sentiment by the younger generation of Russian emigrants. His idea of rebuilding Holy Rus' was based on the principle of theocracy, which could only be consistently carried out in a revived united Russia. The most appropriate form for the embodiment of theocracy he considered autocracy, that required to dissociate himself from the restorative aspirations of the “Karlovites”. The historian opposed their idea of restoring the pre-revolutionary monarchy with the “principle of sacred power in a Christianized state”, which follows from the Chalcedon dogma on the divine-human nature of Christ. Thus, he confirmed fidelity to the ideals of the Religious revival in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The text of letters is aline with current spelling standards with preservation of some features of author's spelling of separate words and punctuation.
“Bring the Registry Office into an Appropriate Cultural Form...”: Registry Office in the Anti-Religious Campaign of the Late 1950s - the First Half of the 1960s
Authors: Gaylit O.A.
Published: November 2024

The documents presented in the publication from the funds of the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region on local material demonstrate a separate plot of the anti-religious campaign of the late 1950s - the first half of the 1960s - introduction of civil ceremonies and rituals into the family ritual ceremonies. The most important role in solving this problem belonged to the registry offices, which were supposed to ensure solemnity and make memorable procedures for registering marriage and birth.
“Revolution in All Hearts”: The Development of the Crisis in Russian-Polish Relations on the Eve of the Polish Uprising of 1863-1864
Authors: Zavyalova O.O.
Published: November 2024

Based on a complex of sources of personal origin, the article analyzes a special stage in the development of Russian-Polish relations in the second half of the 1850s - early 1860s, which has become a kind of “transition zone”, saturated with numerous conflicting and rapidly changing events. It is concluded that in the first years of the reign of Alexander II, the Russian administration in the region was not able to develop a clear line of behavior regarding the challenge of Polish “revolutionary nationalism”, limiting itself to minor concessions, which the Poles perceived as political weakness.The imperial authorities could neither offer the Polish society a new effective compromise program for the development of Poland as a part of Russia, nor suppress the manifestations of revolutionary nationalism in the bud. The trajectory of mutually beneficial cooperation gave way to the confrontational behavioral model that has become familiar to both sides, which made another Polish uprising inevitable.
Museums in History and Culture of Russia: Interdisciplinary Research Approach
Authors: Zhigunova M.A.
Published: November 2024

This article analyzes the two-volume edition of selected scientific works on the history of museums in Russia and Siberia. These works are written by Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of Omsk State University Nikolai A. Tomilov. The main circle of research problems, considered from the point of view of history, historiography, methodology, ethnography and culturology, is highlighted. His author's contribution to the history of museums in Siberia and Russia is revealed.
A Resettlemental Movement in Asian Russia as a Factor of Transformation of Siberian Identity
Authors: Dameshek L.M. , Kruzhalina A.A.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of resettlement on the formation of Siberian identity in the second half of the 19th century. Based on the materials of the periodical press, the authors discuss the development of the problem of searching for the foundations of the formation and typological characteristics of Siberian identity. The article describes the attempts to reconstruct the models of "building" and "developing" regional Siberian identity throughout the centuries-old history of the colonization of Siberia. The authors describe and analyze both the influence of the region and the local non-native population on the “incoming element”, and the “contributions” of the latter to the Siberians formed community.
“Starinnyi Teatr” in the Mirror of the Audience Perception of the Russian Public of the Early 20th Century
Authors: Nikitina N.V.
Published: November 2024

The article focuses on a unique phenomenon that left its mark on the history of Russian culture of the early 20th century; this phenomenon was called the “Starinnyi Teatr” (“Ancient Theatre”). Based on an analysis of letters and reviews from the audience, critics, and reviewers of the “Starinnyi Teatr” performances, collected by one of the creators of this project, the famous theater figure and critic Baron N. V. Driesen, the author of the article attempted to reconstruct some of the audience perceptions' tendencies of the “Starinnyi Teatr” activities.
The Reorganisation of Postal and Telegraph Administration in Russia in the Middle of the 1860s - the Early 1880s: the Unfulfilled Formation of the Unified Communications Service
Authors: Perekrestova S.V.
Published: November 2024

The paper explores the evolution of the Russian communications regulation system from the middle of the 1860s up to the early 1880s. It observes the main stages of reorganization of the postal and telegraph service during that period, with a special focus on formation of the united communications service during the middle of the 1860s. The next matter it deals with is the period of temporary suspension of trying to integrate the governmental management of the two means of communications. To be precise, it was formed by dissolution of the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs in 1868 and abandoning the measures to join postal and telegraph offices in 1874. Thereafter the paper concerns such an aspect of the reform as repeated formation and liquidation of the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs in 1880-1881. Special attention is devoted to identification and analyses of the purposes of the postal and telegraph reform and the reasons of its failure.
“You Can Put an Effective Arrow in the Consciousness of the Church Only by Becoming on Common Ground With It...” A. V. Kartashev as an Analyst of the Events of Church Life in Russia in 1911-1917 in the Newspaper “Russkoe Slovo”. Problems of Publications
Authors: Bychkov S.P.
Published: November 2024

The article studies peculiarities of involvement of A. V. Kartashev as an expert of Church life in Russia journalism of the second decade of the twentieth century in the newspaper “Russkoe Slovo”, features topics and subjects, the nature of the judgments on the key issues of the Church and religious life.
Sallust on Emotions in the Roman Political Life
Authors: Demina S.S.
Published: November 2024

The article investigates Sallust's thoughts about emotions in the Roman political life. This Roman author demonstrates with various historical examples that their influence is sufficiently considerable. Sallust pays attention to the emotions of the people, different social strata and the persons who played an important role in the State. In his description of various events, the emotions destroy the concord between citizens, cause the determined actions or political passivity, influence on the individual and collective political decisions. According to Sallust, one must arrive at the important decisions being guided by reason, but not passions.
School Councils of the West Siberian Educational District: the Problem of Creation
Authors: Golikova O.A.
Published: November 2024

The question of creation and activity of school councils of the West Siberian educational district as a necessary element of system of management of primary educational institutions of the region is considered.
Polymorphic Variants in the Vitamin D Receptor and Clinical Parameters of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Undergoing Anti-TNF Treatment
Authors: Wielińska Joanna , Górna Katarzyna , Świerkot Jerzy , Bugaj Bartosz , Kolossa Katarzyna , Jeka Sławomir , Bogunia-Kubik Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

Vitamin D levels have been related to the severity and progression of various autoimmune disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of genetic variability in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene on disease susceptibility and progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. The study comprises 121 RA patients subjected to anti-TNF therapy genotyped for four VDR polymorphic variants: rs1544410 (BsmI), rs2228570 (FokI), rs731236 (TaqI), and rs7975232 (ApaI). There was no significant association between RA susceptibility and VDR genetic variants. The study results revealed that patients with the rs2228570 CC genotype were characterized by lower vitamin D3 levels (p = 0.028) than those with the T allele. Also, the vitamin D3 levels (p = 0.029) and age at diagnosis (p = 0.017) were significantly lower in rs7975232 A allele carriers compared to CC homozygotes. However, after 6 months of therapy, the A allele seemed to be related to lower disease activity score 28 (DAS28) values (p = 0.030) and more common in patients who achieved remission (p = 0.004) compared to the CC genotype. Concerning other investigated polymorphisms, patients carrying rs1544410 AA and rs731236 CC homozygosity had lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels before therapy (p = 0.009). In conclusion, VDR rs2228570 and rs7975232 polymorphic variants were found to be related to vitamin D3 levels. Moreover, the genotyping of rs7975232 was also useful in evaluating disease onset and disease activity after 6 months of therapy with TNF inhibitors in RA patients.
Changes in soluble PD-L1 levels in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ta Thang Ba , Pham Nhung Thi Kim , Nguyen Dung Tien , Tran Tien Viet , Tran Cuong Tan , Cong Luong Thuc , Vu Hoan Ngoc , Le Hien Thi Dieu , Dao Bang Ngoc
Published: November 2024

Soluble programmed death-1 ligand (sPD-L1) in the serum of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is a crucial factor in disease prognosis and an indicator for immunotherapy response. This study aimed to evaluate changes in sPD-L1 levels in advanced NSCLC patients. Between May 2018 and October 2022, 80 patients with advanced-stage NSCLC and 30 healthy volunteers participated in a prospective study.

The findings revealed a significant rise in sPD-L1 concentration in the lung cancer group compared to the normal control group (1.08 vs. 0.42, p < 0.001). No apparent correlation was found between sPD-L1 concentration and membrane-bound programmed death-1 ligand (mPD-L1) expression. The optimal diagnostic threshold for sPD-L1 was set at 0.92 ng/mL, showing a sensitivity of 56.25% and specificity of 77.33%, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.743 (p = 0.001).

Although increased sPD-L1 levels were prevalent in individuals with advanced age, prolonged disease duration, large tumor size, and finger clubbing, these associations did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). In conclusion, sPD-L1 levels significantly increased in advanced NSCLC patients compared to controls (p < 0.05), with no association observed with mPD-L1 (p = 0.304). The study suggests that sPD-L1 concentration can be a specific biomarker for guiding the diagnosis of advanced NSCLC, with a recommended cutoff value of 0.92 ng/mL, demonstrating a sensitivity of 56.25% and specificity of 77.33% (p = 0.001). Importantly, no apparent relationship was established between sPD-L1 levels and clinical or paraclinical characteristics in advanced NSCLC patients.
Transport Phenomena Research in Microgravity via the ISS National Lab to Benefit Life on Earth
Authors: Irace Phillip H. , Reeves Ryan D. , Stephens Shawn , Roberts Michael S.
Published: November 2024

The International Space Station (ISS) National Laboratory provides an ideal platform in persistent microgravity to conduct research in the absence of gravity-induced phenomena (e.g., buoyancy-driven convection and sedimentation), enabling opportunities for breakthrough science. Since 2016, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET) Division has partnered with the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space™ (CASIS™), manager of the ISS National Lab, to release an annual joint solicitation in transport phenomena research on the ISS to benefit life on Earth. To date, the NSF-CASIS partnership has yielded 37 NSF-funded research investigations sponsored by the ISS National Lab. This paper highlights a few of the important scientific discoveries that have resulted from the fruitful NSF-CASIS collaboration and offers insight into the importance of expanding collaborations between government agencies to increase access to space and enable groundbreaking research that benefits humanity. Research areas explored include biophysics, combustion, complex fluids, fluid dynamics, heat transfer and multiphase flow, and materials science.
Enhanced cryptographic performance and security using optimized edward-elgamal signature scheme for IoT and blockchain applications
Authors: Kavitha S. , Srinivasan J. , Ramachandran P. , Nasurulla I.
Published: November 2024

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and blockchain technology requires robust and efficient cryptographic solutions to ensure secure communication and data integrity. This paper presents an optimized Edward-Elgamal signature algorithm that uses Edward curved signature storage mechanism to improve performance in IoT and blockchain environments to overcome the limitations of schemes, especially Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) and Hyper-ECDSA. The proposed method achieved faster signature generation times, with a 33% improvement over ECDSA and a 25% improvement over Hyper-ECDSA, making it more suitable for faster applications. The validation times of the optimized systems were relatively low, with a 32% improvement over ECDSA and a 24% improvement over Hyper-ECDSA. The efficiency of the proposed system was significantly higher, showing a 51% improvement over ECDSA and a 35% improvement over Hyper-ECDSA. The latency was reduced by 33% compared to ECDSA and 26% compared to Hyper-ECDSA, indicating the effectiveness of the optimized system in terms of time-related performance. This paper contributes to the advancement of cryptographic techniques and provides suitable solutions for secure IoT and blockchain applications. The proposed system achieves a highest improvement rate in key performance parameters over existing methods, resulting in a robust solution for modern cryptography requirements.
Understanding Inward-Looking Nationalism: An Instrumentalist Approach in Analyzing the Discourse of The People’s Alliance in Turkey1
Authors: Akbaba Sertan
Published: November 2024

Many theories, approaches, definitions have been laid down for the understanding of nationalism, which simultaneously produces many questions to answer later on. One of the recent debates is the ‘inward looking’ nature of nationalism. Whether it is the recent pandemic, Brexit, or alarming rates of Islamophobia in the West with an identitarian populist flavor, the issue pertains to nationalism, or for some, nativism. Contemporaneously with an ‘inward looking’ instrumentalist nature, it uncovers new debates arising out of the conflicts in today’s nation-states. One of these appears to be the ruling coalition known as the ‘People’s Alliance’ (de facto alliance between the Justice and Development party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi) and the National Movement Party (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi) in Turkey thanks to its nationalist rhetoric, yet with an ‘inward looking’ direction. The deepening of polarization is causing a mutual fear, mistrust, and antipathy among the people in Turkey. As the coalition aims to re-invigorate the nation, its opponents are claiming it is a dissemination of hatred. This political rift is deepening via the political discourse and atmosphere. The goal of this paper is to inquire into this via a critical discourse analysis. The study analyzes the discourse of the party leaders forming the People’s Alliance. This discourse displays an inward-looking nationalist rhetoric, circling around three prominent issues: the proclamation of opponents as traitors via a blame shifting rhetoric; the protection of the fate of the coalition as the savior of the country; and finally, the determination of who adheres to the nation or not via the native and national (yerli ve milli) debate.
The ability of artificial intelligence to distinguish abnormal from normal EEG in patients suspected of epilepsy – updated literature review
Authors: Kopka Marcin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In patients suspected of epilepsy, electroencephalography (EEG) is an essential tool in the diagnostic workup. Currently, visual analysis of interictal epileptiform discharges by experts is the gold standard. Neurophysiologists perform an analysis of EEG through visual inspection. This is very time-consuming and inefficient. There is an increasing need to develop reliable and validated automated EEG analysis methods. Methods based on artificial intelligence can potentially help achieve this task.

Aim

The present review paper aims to present the current state of knowledge regarding the ability of artificial intelligence to distinguish abnormal from normal EEG in patients suspected of epilepsy.

Material and methods

This review covers the most relevant and recent papers identified using the PubMed database.

Results and discussion

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve the management of epilepsy. It was shown that AI could distinguish normal from abnormal recordings, detect seizures, or detect interictal epileptiform discharges. The AI model (SCORE-AI) was developed and validated to assess routine clinical EEGs comprehensively. The sensitivity of SCORE-AI (86.7%) was lower than the sensitivity of the human experts (93.3%) and two models, Encevis (96.7%) and Persyst (100%) but higher than the sensitivity of SpikeNet (66.7%). The accuracy of SCORE-AI was similar to that of human experts and higher than that of the three previously published AI models. SCORE-AI achieves high specificity similar to the human raters and significantly higher accuracy than the three previously published AI models.

Conclusion

Methods based on artificial intelligence can potentially be helpful in EEG analysis. SCORE-AI may reduce excessive workloads for experts who interpret high volumes of EEG recordings. The SCORE-AI is the first model capable of completing a fully automated and comprehensive clinically relevant assessment of routine EEGs.
The Rate of Decline of Sugarbeet Cyst Nematode in Central California Under Nonhost Crops May Impact Biofuel Production
Authors: Westerdahl B. B. , Caswell-Chen E. P. , Kegel F. R.
Published: November 2024

Crop rotation has been a commercial practice for managing the sugarbeet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii, SBCN) since the 1950s. Research conducted in southern California established that SBCN populations decline at the rate of 49% to 80% per year, leading to estimates that three- to four-year rotations to nonhost crops would be sufficient to reduce SBCN densities to nondamaging levels. Following grower reports that much longer rotations were needed in central California, trials were conducted to establish the rate of decline of SBCN in the San Joaquin Valley. Ten commercial fields with a history of SBCN infestation were sampled periodically for up to 6.3 years. In each field, 10 circular subplots located 30.5 meters apart (each with a 6-m radius) were established with reference to a permanent landmark. On each sampling date, 12 subsamples from each subplot were taken randomly from the top 0 cm to 30 cm of soil and composited into a single sample. Standard techniques were utilized to extract and count cysts and eggs from soil samples. Average yearly rates of population decline in the sampled fields ranged from 11.4% to 25.8%. This finding has implications for SBCN management in California sugarbeets grown for biofuel, as the lower decline rates indicate that longer nonhost rotation periods than previously anticipated may be necessary.
Comparison of machine learning models predicting the pull-off strength of modified epoxy resin floors
Authors: Moj Mateusz , Kampa Łukasz , Czarnecki Sławomir
Published: November 2024

It is becoming popular to replace destructive laboratory testing with related nondestructive testing (NDT) and/or machine learning (ML) techniques. Such an approach is becoming particularly desirable in operating facilities, where failing components result not only in the need for repair but also in the suspension of facility use for up to several months. Supporting construction work with artificial intelligence (AI) offers the potential for breakthroughs in this area. Commonly, this approach is already being used in the construction industry to determine compressive strength using, for example, information about the composition of a composite. Determination of pull-off strength can be approached in a similar way. In this paper, the ML model presented can be used to predict the pull-off strength of resin coatings containing granite powder and linen fibers. To obtain satisfactory results, the selected ML algorithms were analyzed on a database consisting of 140 sets of parameter values containing information about the composition of the resin coating. Indices indicating high performance (R = 0.885; RMSE = 0.138; MAPE = 3.72%) were obtained by a model based on the random forest (RF) algorithm containing 160 trees with a depth of 10 nodes. A comparison of the predicted fb pull-off strength with the strength determined by in-situ tests was developed. The results suggest that using artificial intelligence to determine the fb of resin coatings is a promising alternative.