bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An interplay between a hydrogen atmosphere and dislocation characteristics in BCC Fe from time-averaged molecular dynamics
Authors: Nowak C. , Zhou X. W.
Published: January 2023

The interplay between hydrogen and dislocations (e.g., core and elastic energies, and dislocation–dislocation interactions) has implications on hydrogen embrittlement but is poorly understood.
Ultralight and spongy La–Mn-based perovskite catalysts modified by alkali metals and Ce: facile synthesis and excellent catalytic performance for soot combustion
Authors: Yu Xuehua , Yu Di , Wang Lanyi , Ren Yu , Chen Maozhong , Fan Xiaoqiang , Zhao Zhen , Sojka Zbigniew , Kotarba Andrzej , Wei Yuechang , Liu Jian
Published: January 2023

Soot particles released from diesel engines have been considered as one of the main sources of air pollution, and the elimination of soot particles has become a crucial issue for air purification.
Towards ultralow platinum loading proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Fan Linhao , Deng Hao , Zhang Yingguang , Du Qing , Leung Dennis Y. C. , Wang Yun , Jiao Kui
Published: January 2023

In-depth discussions on the motivation and latest advancements for designing ultralow platinum loading PEMFCs, along with the important technical routes and development procedures.
Subnanometric Pt clusters supported on MgO-incorporated porous carbon as efficient metal–base bifunctional catalysts for reductive heterocyclization reactions
Authors: Song Yaping , Xue Ruifang , Wang Li , Li Nan , Fang Zhijun , Fu Yanghe , Chen De-Li , Zhu Weidong , Zhang Fumin
Published: January 2023

The developed Pt/MgO@C with ultralow Pt loading (0.078 wt%) exhibited superior catalytic performance for synthesizing 2,1-benzisoxazole derivatives by a reductive heterocyclization route under very mild conditions (1 bar hydrogen pressure at 303 K).
Circular bioprocess for phosphorus nutrient recovery to grow lettuce in lunar space
Authors: Hessel Volker , Escribà-Gelonch Marc , Sojitra Mruddual Kirankumar , Pranggono Raihanah , Kinasz Daniel , Zhuang Changping , Davey Kenneth , McLaughlin Michael , Tran Nam Nghiep
Published: January 2023

A mining-farming circular process of inedible vegetable fractions for P-K extraction is proposed to be used as fertilizer under the constraints of the harsh space conditions, providing a quantitative sustainability and circularity assessment.
Transfer learning based on dynamic time warping algorithms to improve qualitative analysis and quantitative prediction of rocks over multiple LIBS instruments
Authors: Rao Yu , Zeng Lingwei , Wu Mengfan , Kong Weiheng , Ren Wenxin , Chen Sha , Fan Qinwen , Duan Yixiang , Wang Xu , Wang Jie
Published: January 2023

A spectral transformation strategy based on the dynamic time warping algorithm is proposed to eliminate systematic errors between primary and secondary instruments.
Bioinspired human stomach-on-a-chip with in vivo like function and architecture
Authors: Ferreira Daniel A. , Conde João P. , Rothbauer Mario , Ertl Peter , Granja Pedro L. , Oliveira Carla
Published: January 2023

A biomimetic stomach-on-a-chip with integrated peristalsis-like motion and intra-luminal flow. Application of dynamic conditions, elicited differentiation traits that are typical of the normal gastric mucosa, but otherwise lost in 2D culture models.
Hop natural fiber-reinforced poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) biodegradable plastics: effect of fiber length on the performance of biocomposites
Authors: Harder Nicole , Rodriguez-Uribe Arturo , Snowdon Michael R. , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K.
Published: January 2023

Three sizes of hop fibers were tested at 30 wt% in PBSA biocomposites for material performance. Fibre length and size distribution were found to be key factors on mechanical and thermal properties of natural fiber-reinforced composites.
Defect engineering in carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage and catalytic conversion
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Chen Huan , Zhang Wanyu , Yi Shan , Chen Hongli , Su Zhe , Niu Bo , Zhang Yayun , Long Donghui
Published: January 2023

This review covers recent advances in understanding, designing, and exploring the defect in carbon toward energy-related applications, with the aim of referencing and guiding the large-scale and diverse applications of defect-rich carbon materials.
Ultrasound-promoted synthesis of novel N-arylamino-3,5′-biquinoline derivatives: their applications in live-cell imaging and in vitro anticancer activity evaluation
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Rostampoor Azar , Alipour Mozhgan , Hajipour-Verdom Behnam , Abdolmaleki Parviz
Published: January 2023

A novel strategy for the construction of functionalized N-arylamino-3,5′-biquinoline has been developed.
Antioxidant and antibacterial starch-based edible films composed of eugenol/gelatin microspheres
Authors: Chen Ying , Wei Feng , Mu Wei , Han Xiaojun
Published: January 2023

The food safety issues caused by microorganisms are a great threat to human life and society.
Hydrogen evolution performance of Co-MOF/H-g-C3N4 composite catalysts with different morphologies under visible light
Authors: Liu Zhenlu , Xu Jing , Xue Tong , Liu Xinyu , Xu Shengming , Li Zezhong
Published: January 2023

The effect of morphology regulation of Co-MOF on the hydrogen evolution performance of Co-MOF/H-g-C3N4 was studied.
A 3D reduced graphene oxide and flower-like ZnO crystal composite for electrochemical detection of reducing small biomolecules
Authors: Cheng Shiqi , Yang Jin , Qin Shangying , Huang Li , Xu Yuanjin , Wang Yilin
Published: January 2023

Three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (3DrGO) and a flower-like zinc oxide (ZnO) crystal were prepared using a hydrothermal method.
Red emissive carbon dots with an ultra-large Stokes shift for the multi-channel detection of pesticides
Authors: Wang Jing , Feng Yaoyao , Hu Ping , Sun Xiaobo , Pan Wei , Wang Jinping
Published: January 2023

Schematic of red emissive carbon dots with an ultra-large Stokes shift for the multi-channel detection of pesticides.
Engineering micro/nanostructures of Mo2C/porous nanocarbon for enhanced hydrogen production
Authors: Liu Bichan , Liu Lu , Du Qianqian , Zhao Ruihua , Du Jianping
Published: January 2023

3D laminated 2D lamellar structured Mo2C that are self-assembled from nanoparticles exhibit promising application in electrocatalytic water splitting.
Design of porous Ni and rare earth metal (Ce, Ho, and Eu) Co-doped TiO2nanoarchitectures for energy conversion and storage applications
Authors: Bashir Amna , Inayat Abid , Bashir Rabia , Jamil Sadaf , Abbas Syed Mustansar , Sultan Muhammad , Iqbal Azhar , Akhter Zareen
Published: January 2023

Herein, we have synthesized co-doped TiO2nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were applied as potential candidates for water splitting and supercapacitor applications.
Addressing voltage hysteresis in Li-rich cathode materials via gas–solid interface modification
Authors: Zhao Qing , Zhang Mengke , Ye Zhengcheng , Li Yao , Qiu Lang , Zheng Zhuo , Liu Yang , Zhong Benhe , Song Yang , Guo Xiaodong
Published: January 2023

A simple and effective gas–solid interface reaction is proposed to construct oxygen vacancies and spinel phase on a surface, which improves cyclic stability and reduces voltage hysteresis.
The B(C6F5)3·H2O promoted synthesis of fluoroalkylated 3,3′,3′′-trisindolylmethanes from fluorocarboxylic acids and indoles
Authors: Xu Xin , Gao Dandan , Wang Jiahua , Tang Xiang-Ying , Wang Long
Published: January 2023

The first synthetic protocol for the preparation of fluoroalkylated 3,3′,3′′-trisindolylmethanes (TIMs) was developed from fluorocarboxylic acids and indoles.
Stability of perovskite solar cells: issues and prospects
Authors: Chowdhury Tanzi Ahmed , Bin Zafar Md. Arafat , Sajjad-Ul Islam Md. , Shahinuzzaman M. , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin
Published: January 2023

Stability issues are the key challenges for commercialization of PSCs. Different stability issues including modification of the structural design and material, fabrication process should be considered and improved to improve the stability of PSCs.
Carrier-free nanomedicines self-assembled from palbociclib dimers and Ce6 for enhanced combined chemo-photodynamic therapy of breast cancer
Authors: Huang Zheng , Hu Huaisong , Xian Tong , Xu Zhigang , Tang Dianyong , Wang Bochu , Zhang Yimei
Published: January 2023

A carrier-free nanomedicine self-assembled from palbociclib dimers and Ce6 for enhanced combined chemo-photodynamic therapy of breast cancer.
Seasonal metabolic profiling of Valencia orange leaf essential oil using GC coupled with chemometrics, nano-formulation, and insecticidal evaluation: in vivo and in silico
Authors: Abd Elghani Eman M. , El Sayed Abeer M. , Abdel-Aziz Emam Marwa M. , Al-Mahallawi Abdulaziz M. , Tadros Soad H. , Soliman Fathy M. , Youssef Fadia S.
Published: January 2023

Mosquitoes and mosquito-borne infectious diseases are a global challenge, especially with increased resistance to synthetic insecticides.
Profitable Fischer Tropsch realization via CO2–CH4 reforming; an overview of nickel–promoter–support interactions
Authors: Alhassan M. , Jalil A. A. , Bahari M. B. , Owgi A. H. K. , Nabgan W. , Hassan N. S. , Tran T. V. , Abdulrasheed A. A. , Hamid M. Y. S. , Ikram M. , Firmansyah M. L. , Holilah H. , Sholejah N. A.
Published: January 2023

Particle size increases during agglomeration, which causes catalyst deactivation. Reducible metal oxide restricts metal growth, hence reducing the sintering.
2,1-Benzothiazine – (quinolin/thiophen)yl hydrazone frameworks as new monoamine oxidase inhibitory agents; synthesis, in vitro and in silico investigation
Authors: Javid Noman , Jalil Saquib , Munir Rubina , Zia-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Sahar Amna , Arshad Sara , Iqbal Jamshed
Published: January 2023

Two series of new 2,1-benzothiazine-heteroaryl ethylidene derivatives 7(a–f) and 9(a–k) have been synthesized in excellent yields and tested against MAOs.
Recent advances in the design and use of Pickering emulsions for wastewater treatment applications
Authors: Gricius Zygimantas , Øye Gisle
Published: January 2023

Pickering emulsions have emerged as an attractive alternative to replace various conventional wastewater treatment methods including adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, extraction, and biological treatment owing to their unique properties.
High-voltage deprotonation of layered-type materials as a newly identified cause of electrode degradation
Authors: Yang Junghoon , Park Sungwon , Lee Sungsik , Kim Jungpil , Huang Di , Gim Jihyeon , Lee Eungje , Kim Gilseob , Park Kyusung , Kang Yong-Mook , Paek Eunsu , Han Sang-Don
Published: January 2023

Herein, we report the transition metal dependent deprotonation of layered type materials during their high voltage (>4.5 V vs. Li/Li+) operation as a potential degradation cause in an electrochemical system.
Recent advances and future perspectives in MOF-derived single-atom catalysts and their application: a review
Authors: Ma Siyi , Han Weigao , Han Weiliang , Dong Fang , Tang Zhicheng
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the relationship between single-atom sites and the catalytic mechanism of functional MOFs which is related to the coordination environment of metal ions, and also summarizes the research progress of MOF-derived SACs in recent years.
Multifunctional metal-phosphide-based electrocatalysts for highly efficient solar hydrogen production integrated devices
Authors: Ren Jin-Tao , Chen Lei , Wang Lei , Song Xin-Lian , Kong Qing-Hui , Yuan Zhong-Yong
Published: January 2023

Benefiting from the excellent tri-functional ORR, OER, and HER performance of FeNiP@p-NPCF/CC, the integrated electrolyzer, powered by solar cell in day and aqueous zinc–air battery in night, achieves uninterruptible H2 production.
A novel triple-network hydrogel based on borate ester groups: from structural modulation to rapid wound hemostasis
Authors: Wang Nan , Yu Kangkang , Li Kun , Yu Xiaoqi
Published: January 2023

The synthesis, structural modulation, wound hemostatic and supporting optical storage applications of the hydrogel tri-BA@PVA/G are reported.
Facial attribute classification by deep mining inter‐attribute correlations
Authors: Liu Na , Zhang Fan , Chang Liang , Duan Fuqing
Published: January 2023

Face attribute classification (FAC) has received considerable attention due to its excellent application value in bio‐metric verification and face retrieval. Current FAC methods suffer two typical challenges: complex inter‐attribute correlations and imbalanced learning. Aims at the challenges, presents an end‐to‐end FAC framework with integrated use of multiple strategies, which consists of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a graph convolutional network (GCN). The GCN is used to model the semantic correlations among attributes and capture inter‐dependency among them. The correlation information learnt via the GCN is used to guide the learning of the inter‐dependent classification features of the FAC network. An adaptive thresholding strategy and a boosting scheme are adopted to alleviate the effect of the class‐imbalance. To deal with the task imbalance problem, a new dynamic weighting scheme is proposed to update the weight of each attribute classification task in the training process. We apply four evaluation metrics to evaluate the proposed method. Experimental results show all the proposed strategies are effective, and our approach outperforms state‐of‐the‐art FAC methods on two challenging datasets CelebA and LFWA.
Investigation of an engine order noise cancellation system in a super sports car
Authors: Ferrari Cesare Lupo , Cheer Jordan , Mautone Mario
Published: January 2023

Today’s cars must meet ever-higher acoustic standards, and so, to avoid compromising vehicle dynamics, handling performance and fuel consumption, standard passive methods alone do not provide sufficient performance. Active control solutions can provide a potential solution to this challenge, particularly at low frequency and such systems have been investigated for application to small cars, SUVs and luxury vehicles. These vehicles are generally characterised by fairly slow dynamics and limited noise emission and, therefore, this paper explores the challenging application of active noise control to a two-seat super sports car equipped with a naturally aspirated engine. This work aims to track and then control sounds characterised by extremely rapid frequency variation rates, up to peaks of over 80 Hz/s, and high sound pressure levels. A multi-channel, multi-order FxLMS based control system has been implemented, which has been modified to optimise performance for this application by including both convergence gain and leakage scheduling, to achieve effective control at the driver’s and passenger’s ears. To evaluate the performance of the controller, its performance has been simulated when applied to measurements taken under several vehicle manoeuvres, ranging from conventional constant engine speed to very fast engine run-ups. From the presented results, it is shown that the system can obtain high levels of control during the manoeuvre set, with the controller reducing the overall sound pressure level by more than 10 dB at certain frequencies when analysing a single order, and it reduces the overall loudness by around 5% in all of the analysed cases.
Research on bearing capacity of cross-type truss boom with variable cross-section of Crawler cranes
Authors: Fenglin Yao , Jie Zhao , Changkai Xie , Wenjun Meng , Youshan Gao , Shining Lyu , Hao Yang
Published: January 2023

The web crossed truss boom is one of the commonly used truss boom structures of crawler cranes. However, the existing calculations fail to consider the limiting effect of the web members' bending resistance on the chord members, and cannot give full play to the load-bearing capacity of the existing structure. This paper takes the top section of the Crawler crane truss boom as the research object. The single-span truss theoretical model is established according to Timoshenko's elastic stability theory. And the theoretical critical load of the variable cross-section boom is obtained with full consideration of the limitation of the web member's bending resistance on the chord members. The finite element method simulation model is compared and verified. Compared with a large number of simulation experiments and theoretical calculations, it can be concluded that the theoretical calculations in this article are highly consistent with the simulation results, verified the assumptions that the web members' bending resistance help to improve the bending resistance of the chord members, and this will provide certain reference to the engineering designers.
The Aging Human Liver: The Weal and Woe of Evolutionary Legacy
Authors: Gieseler Robert K. , Schreiter Thomas , Canbay Ali
Published: January 2023

Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of biological integrity and its
compensatory mechanisms as well as immunological dysregulation. This goes along with an
increasing risk of frailty and disease. Against this background, we here specifically focus on
the aging of the human liver. For the first time, we shed light on the intertwining
evolutionary underpinnings of the liver’s declining regenerative capacity, the phenomenon of
inflammaging, and the biotransformation capacity in the process of aging. In addition, we
discuss how aging influences the risk for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,
hepatocellular carcinoma, and/or autoimmune hepatitis, and we describe chronic diseases as
accelerators of biological aging.
Patients with NAFLD exhibit more advanced fibrosis in liver biopsy than patients with other chronic liver diseases
Authors: Rohr Lydia , Lemmer Peter , Henning Marie , Tannapfel Andrea , Baars Theodor , Manka Paul , Canbay Ali , Sowa Jan-Peter
Published: January 2023

Introduction Despite extremely high and seemingly rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), awareness for this health condition is still low. In the present study we analyzed, if this is reflected in clinical routine for advanced diagnostic measures.

Methods Retrospective data of 93 patients with histologically determined fibrosis stage and confirmed etiology was analyzed. Patients were grouped according to chronic liver disease alone (n=40), concomitant chronic liver disease and NAFLD (n=29), or NAFLD alone (n=24). Fibrosis stage and presence of cirrhosis were main outcome measures.

Results Patients with NAFLD were significantly older and had significantly higher body mass index and CAP-values than patients with chronic liver disease. Significantly higher fibrosis stages were observed in patients with NAFLD than in those with chronic liver disease alone (p=0.003). Presence of cirrhosis was significantly higher in patients with NAFLD than in patients with chronic liver disease (p=0.01). This was not associated with a significantly different age distribution over fibrosis stages between chronic liver disease and NAFLD. Undergoing liver biopsy 10 years earlier could have possibly prevented progression to cirrhosis in up to 7 patients with NAFLD. This could have potentially saved 35,000 € yearly health care resources.

Conclusion These findings suggest that the time course for development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis is not fundamentally different between patients with NAFLD or with other chronic liver diseases. Higher rates of cirrhosis observed in patients with NAFLD could potentially be ameliorated by earlier diagnostic work-up and improved monitoring.
Partizipativ mit unseren PatientInnen für bessere Therapie
und Versorgung forschen – Patient & Public Involvement (PPI) in
der Psychosomatischen Medizin
Authors: Giel Katrin , Bremer Judith , Zipfel Stephan
Published: January 2023

Unter dem Schlagwort Patient & Public Involvement (PPI) gewinnt der
Einbezug von Menschen, die direkt oder indirekt von einem spezifischen Themenfeld
oder einer Erkrankung betroffen sind, zunehmend an Bedeutung. Bezogen auf
Gesundheitsforschung und Medizin umfasst PPI die aktive und partnerschaftliche
Zusammenarbeit von WissenschaftlerInnen oder BehandlerInnen mit PatientInnen,
Angehörigen oder anderen Gesellschaftsmitgliedern in allen Phasen eines
partizipativen Forschungs- und Implementierungsprozesses. In einem
prägnanten Satz zusammengefasst: „Wir forschen nicht
über Menschen, sondern wir forschen gemeinsam mit
ihnen.“
Angeborene und erworbene Immunität im Kontext der nichtalkoholischen Fettlebererkrankung
Authors: Heinrich Bernd
Published: January 2023

Die nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) ist ein wachsendes Gesundheitsproblem.
Das Verständnis der immunologischen Vorgänge in der Leber während der Ausbildung sowie
Progression der Fettlebererkrankung hin zu einer Fettleberentzündung (NASH), Leberzirrhose
oder hepatozellulärem Karzinom (HCC) kann dabei zum besseren Erkrankungsverständnis,
Identifizierung von klinisch relevanten Subgruppen sowie therapeutischen Ansätzen genutzt
werden. Die Interaktion zwischen angeborenem und erworbenem Immunsystem scheint dabei von
großer Wichtigkeit zu sein. Dieser Übersichtsartikel beleuchtet die verschiedenen
immunologischen Vorgänge in der NAFLD bis hin zur Progression zum HCC, geordnet nach den
wesentlichen Zellgruppen des angeborenen und erworbenen Immunsystems.
Rhenium-based low resistivity and low annealing temperature ohmic contacts to n-GaN
Authors: Shah Amit P. , Chalke Bhagyashree A. , Mhatre Vilas J. , Bhattacharya Arnab
Published: January 2023

We report an ohmic contact metallization scheme for n-GaN based on a Re–Al–Ni–Au multilayer stack that offers low-resistivity and provides better edge sharpness and lower surface roughness at reduced annealing temperature compared to standard Ti–Al-based metallization. We studied three sets of samples with Re thicknesses of 10, 30, and 60 nm and measured specific contact resistances using the circular transmission line method. We obtained reliable ohmic contacts with specific contact resistance of the order of 10−6 Ω cm2 at 550 °C temperature with the contact stack having a large annealing temperature window of >300 °C for resistivity below 5 × 10−6 Ω cm2. The lowest contact resistivity, below 10−7 Ω cm2, is achieved at annealing temperature around 650–700 °C. A reduction in surface roughness by a factor of 4, with excellent edge definition for Re >30 nm thickness is observed as compared to Ti–Al contacts. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) show intermetallic phases of RexNy, Re–Al–Ni, Al–Re, and Al–Au being formed. Atomic force microscope and EDS measurements show the formation of crystalline Re–Al–Ni agglomerates, surrounded by phases of AlAu2 and Al2Au5. The presence of Re seems to suppress the formation of viscous AlAu4 phase, thus minimizing the lateral flow of the metals and providing better edge acuity. The temperature dependence of contact resistivity suggests a field-emission mechanism for current transport across the contact. Our results show that Re-based ohmic contacts, with their lower annealing temperature and excellent edge definition, may offer a promising alternative to Ti–Al contacts.
The importance of laser wavelength for driving inertial confinement fusion targets. I. Basic physics
Authors: Schmitt Andrew J. , Obenschain Stephen P.
Published: January 2023

We reinvestigate the role that laser wavelength plays in driving inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets. Different assumptions underlie previous analytic frameworks that provide predictions for wavelength scaling of many important target parameters. These are explored and compared to radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of laser-driven targets. We are particularly interested here in lasers with wavelengths between 0.193 μm [wavelength of the Argon Flouride (ArF) excimer laser] and 0.527 μm (the frequency-doubled glass Nd:glass laser). Short-wavelength drivers have significant advantages for directly driven ICF targets, which are summarized here. We show that constraints such as providing a certain pressure or avoiding laser-plasma instability thresholds allow shorter laser wavelengths to provide energy savings, pressure enhancements, and/or higher hydrodynamic efficiencies. We also consider potential disadvantages, such as increased laser imprint or exposure to the Landau–Darrieus instability. These are shown to be either minor and/or can be easily remediated.
The importance of laser wavelength for driving inertial confinement fusion targets. II. Target design
Authors: Schmitt Andrew J. , Obenschain Stephen P.
Published: January 2023

We describe details of radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of directly driven targets for inertial confinement fusion using laser drivers with different laser wavelengths. Of particular interest here are comparisons of frequency-tripled glass (laser wavelength 351 nm) lasers with the argon fluoride (193 nm) and krypton fluoride (248 nm) excimer lasers and the effects that these laser wavelengths have on the target designs. We explore the effect these drivers have on the compromise involved between lowering laser plasma instabilities (LPIs) or hydrodynamic instabilities while providing high gains and seek to quantify this trade-off. Short-wavelength drivers have significant advantages, primarily in using less power and energy to drive targets. Additionally, they expand the allowed operating regime that is constrained by LPI avoidance and the production of higher pressures needed for more hydrodynamically stable targets. Potential disadvantages to shorter drive wavelengths, such as increased imprint, are examined and found to be unimportant.
Two-dimensional effects on electrostatic instabilities in Hall thrusters. I. Insights from particle-in-cell simulations and two-point power spectral density reconstruction techniques
Authors: Petronio Federico , Charoy Thomas , Alvarez Laguna Alejandro , Bourdon Anne , Chabert Pascal
Published: January 2023

Using 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations coupled to a fluid description of the gas dynamics, we study the electrostatic instabilities developing in the axial–azimuthal plane of a Hall thruster, during several periods of a low-frequency oscillation (the so-called breathing mode at 10 kHz). As done in experiments, the 2D PIC-MCC (Monte Carlo collision) code is coupled to an electrical circuit in order to partially damp the (otherwise large) discharge current fluctuations at the breathing mode frequency. The different electrostatic higher frequency modes that develop in the plasma are analyzed using a two-point power spectral density reconstruction method, which allows us to generate the dispersion diagrams (in the frequency-wavenumber space) along the axial and azimuthal directions and at different times during the low-frequency breathing mode oscillations. This technique allows us to distinguish between different well-identified instabilities: the electron cyclotron drift instability and its evolution toward an ion acoustic wave and the ion transit time instability. These instabilities are usually considered unidirectional (either axial or azimuthal); however, it is shown here that they exist in both directions. This two-dimensional character is instrumental in understanding where these instabilities grow and how they propagate in the thruster channel and plume. A theoretical discussion of this aspect is proposed in Paper II. The effects of (i) the azimuthal length of the simulation box and (ii) the electron temperature injection at the cathode are also discussed.
Two-dimensional effects on electrostatic instabilities in Hall thrusters. II. Comparison of particle-in-cell simulation results with linear theory dispersion relations
Authors: Petronio Federico , Charoy Thomas , Alvarez Laguna Alejandro , Bourdon Anne , Chabert Pascal
Published: January 2023

In Paper I, we successfully used an external circuit to significantly damp the Breathing Mode (BM) oscillations in 2D particle-in-cell self-consistent simulations of the axial–azimuthal plane of a Hall thruster. We also introduced the two-point power spectral density reconstruction method (PSD2P) used to analyze electrostatic instabilities and generate dispersion diagrams in azimuthal and axial directions, at various times during the BM period. Here, a 3D Dispersion Relation (DR) for electrostatic modes is calculated by linearizing the continuity/momentum fluid equations for electrons and ions. We show that by taking the appropriate limits, this relation can be simplified to derive the DRs of some well-known E×B instabilities, such as the electron cyclotron drift instability and its evolution to the Ion Acoustic Wave (IAW), and the Ion Transit-Time Instability (ITTI). The PSD2P diagrams demonstrate the importance of considering the 2D nature of the IAW and ITTI, which have been previously considered to be mono-dimensional (azimuthal and axial, respectively). In particular, we show that the IAW grows near the maximum of the magnetic field and due to its axial components propagates toward both the anode and the cathode (in addition to the well-known azimuthal propagation). The resulting wavefront is, therefore, bent. By analogy to the propagation of acoustic waves in gases, it is proposed that the cause of the IAW wavefront bending is the strong electron temperature gradients in the axial direction. We also show that the ITTI has a strong positive growth rate when a small azimuthal component is present. Finally, we observe that the ITTI significantly affects the discharge current.
Effect of mixing CF4 with O2 on electron characteristics of capacitively coupled plasma
Authors: Seol Youbin , Chang Hong Young , Ahn Seung Kyu , You Shin Jae
Published: January 2023

Effect of mixing CF4 with O2 on electron parameters in capacitively coupled RF plasma was studied. Adding CF4 gas to fixed O2 flow, electron energy probability functions were measured by a Langmuir probe method. As the CF4 gas was added, the decrease in the probability of low energy electrons was observed. The proportion of low energy electrons decreased gradually as the CF4 gas ratio increased, respectively. From electron energy probability functions, electron densities and electron temperatures were calculated. As the CF4 gas ratio increased, electron density decreased and electron temperature increased. Collision cross sections of low energy electrons can explain electron parameter behaviors. By the strong electron attachment of fluorine species which were generated from CF4, low energy electrons depleted by attachment, and the overall electron temperature increased. However, as the elastic collision cross section of CF4 is not different from that of O2, the heating mechanism and physics of high energy electrons did not change.
Investigation of lithium (Li) doping on the resistive switching property of p-Li:NiO/n-β-Ga2O3 thin-film based heterojunction devices
Authors: Sikdar Subhrajit , Sahu Bhabani Prasad , Dhar Subhabrata
Published: January 2023

Li-doped NiO/β-Ga2O3 polycrystalline bilayer thin-film pn-heterojunctions with different Li-doping concentrations are grown on Si-substrates using the pulsed laser deposition technique. Resistive switching property of these devices has been investigated in detail. This study shows that the Li-doping concentration in NiO layer significantly influences the performance of these devices. For an optimum Li-doping of 1.5%, a stable memory window of ∼102 with endurance of more than 100 cycles and long retention time can be achieved. The coefficient of variation (Cv) of SET and RESET voltages also found to ∼ 20% and ∼ 40%, respectively, satisfying the acceptability benchmark. A transition from complementary resistive switching (CRS) to bipolar resistive switching (BRS) after multiple sweeping operations has been observed in devices with intermediate Li-doping concentrations. Observation of CRS has been explained in terms of the formation of Li-rich metallic layer at the NiO/Ga2O3 interface as a result of out-diffusion of Li. Redistribution of the Li-ions from the Li-rich interfacial zone to whole of the NiO layer after first few sweeping cycles must be the reason for CRS-to-BRS transition. Results further suggest that return to high resistive state via Poole–Frenkel (PF) pathway during the RESET process might be the key to achieve high performance in p–n junction based resistive switching devices. This study, thus, presents Li-doping as a possible route to modulate the resistive switching property of bilayer Li:NiO/Ga2O3 based memory devices.
A design for optical refrigeration: The parallel configuration
Authors: Caminati Francesco , Cittadino Giovanni , Damiano Eugenio , Di Lieto Alberto , Tonelli Mauro
Published: January 2023

For optical refrigeration to become a viable option for cryogenics, it is fundamental to improve the overall cooling power of an optical cryocooler. In this paper, we propose a design that might be able to cool down a thermal load to temperatures lower than ever before: the parallel configuration. We explore the possibility of attaching a thermal load to multiple Yb:YLF monocrystals, which would allow us to use more pump intensity without surpassing the saturation limit, and we show that by using two YLF:5% Yb crystals connected to an undoped YLF sample (that acts both as a thermal link and a thermal load) we obtained a ΔT increase in 40% compared to a setup with the load and a single crystal.
In situ probing conductivity and deformation of single Ni-rich Li[Ni0.885Co0.1Al0.015]O2 and Li[Ni0.885Co0.1V0.015]O2 nanoparticles by scanning probe microscopy
Authors: Zhu Zhe , Du Jinqiu , Cao Guozhong
Published: January 2023

Li[Ni0.885Co0.1V0.015]O2 (NCV), Li[Ni0.9Co0.1]O2 (NC), and Li[Ni0.885Co0.1Al0.015]O2 (NCA) nanoparticles are synthesized by means of oxalic acid co-precipitation with subsequent calcination. The evolution of Li-ion diffusion and deformation of both NCV and NCA under an external electric field are characterized by means of conductive atomic force microscopy and electrochemical strain microscopy. Macroscopic electrochemical characterization reveals that the Li-ion diffusivity in NCA is greater than that in NCV, and the undesirable irreversible H2–H3 phase transition occurs more readily in NCV than in NCA. The scanning probe microscopy results corroborate well with the macroscopic electrochemical measurements, which tell that vanadium and aluminum substitution can accelerate Li+ diffusion kinetics and enhance the reversibility of the H2–H3 phase transformation during the electrochemical process in varying degrees.
High-dimensional spatial mode sorting and optical circuit design using multi-plane light conversion
Authors: Kupianskyi Hlib , Horsley Simon A. R. , Phillips David B.
Published: January 2023

Multi-plane light converters (MPLCs) are an emerging class of optical devices capable of converting a set of input spatial light modes to a new target set of output modes. This operation represents a linear optical transformation—a much sought after capability in photonics. MPLCs have potential applications in both the classical and quantum optics domains, in fields ranging from optical communications to optical computing and imaging. They consist of a series of diffractive optical elements (the “planes”), typically separated by a free space. The phase delays imparted by each plane are determined by the process of inverse-design, most often using an adjoint algorithm known as the wavefront matching method (WMM), which optimizes the correlation between the target and actual MPLC outputs. In this work, we investigate high mode capacity MPLCs to create arbitrary spatial mode sorters and linear optical circuits. We focus on designs possessing low numbers of phase planes to render these MPLCs experimentally feasible. To best control light in this scenario, we develop a new inverse-design algorithm, based on gradient ascent with a specifically tailored objective function, and show how, in the low-plane limit, it converges to MPLC designs with a substantially lower modal cross-talk and higher fidelity than those achievable using the WMM. We experimentally demonstrate several prototype few-plane high-dimensional spatial mode sorters, operating on up to 55 modes, capable of sorting photons based on their Zernike mode or orbital angular momentum state, or an arbitrarily randomized spatial mode basis. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of these proof-of-principle prototypes and describe future improvements. Our work points to a bright future for high-dimensional MPLC-based technologies.
Enhanced dielectric and energy storage properties of P(VDF-HFP) through elevating
β
-phase formation under unipolar nanosecond electric pulses
Authors: Wang Can , Zhao Xuetong , Ren Lulu , Yu Liang , Jin Yaobin , Tan Wanli , Zheng Wenyue , Li He , Yang Lijun , Liao Ruijin
Published: January 2023

Structural manipulation of electroactive β-phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) [P(VDF-HFP)] is of great importance in high-energy-density polymer devices. In this Letter, an efficient way to improve dielectric and energy storage properties of P(VDF-HFP) films by inducing a high β-phase content and lowering the crystallite size through repetitive unipolar nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP) is proposed. It is found that the percentage of the β-phase in P(VDF-HFP) can be significantly enhanced to ∼84% under a low unipolar nsEP of 5 V/mm vs only 35% in pristine P(VDF-HFP). Meanwhile, the orientation of the amorphous chains is also achieved, which improves the dielectric constant, electric breakdown, and energy storage properties of P(VDF-HFP). Specifically, the P(VDF-HFP) film processed under nsEP of 5 V/mm exhibits a high breakdown field of 541 MV/m, and discharged energy density of 14 J/cm3, which is 28.8% and 127% higher than those of the pristine polymer, respectively. This work provides a facile approach to optimize the crystalline morphology of P(VDF-HFP) polymers for dielectric energy storage applications.
Tunable anomalous valley Hall effect and magnetic phase transition in MHfN2Cl2 (M = V, Cr) bimetallic nitrogen halide monolayers
Authors: Sun R. J. , Liu R. , Lu J. J. , Zhao X. W. , Hu G. C. , Ren J. F. , Yuan X. B.
Published: January 2023

Transition metal nitrogen halides (TMNHs) are environmentally friendly and widely studied van der Waals two-dimension (2D) materials. However, there are still few 2D TMNHs with magnetic properties that have been synthesized, which greatly limits the further applications of them in spintronics and valleytronics. Here, we substitute Hf atoms by magnetic elements V and Cr in β-type TMNHs Hf2N2Cl2, which evolved into ferromagnetic half-metals and ferrovalley semiconductors MHfN2Cl2 (M = V, Cr). Meanwhile, the valley splitting (VS) properties and magnetic properties can be effectively regulated by modulating the strong correlation effect of transition metals and applying biaxial strain. VS in VHfN2Cl2 increases linearly with the increasing strain and the U value; however, VS is robust to the strain and decreases linearly with the increasing U value in CrHfN2Cl2, and the maximum VS reaches to 175 and 62 meV for the two monolayers. CrHfN2Cl2 remains robustly ferromagnetic under different strain and U values, while there is magnetic phase transition in VHfN2Cl2 from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic, accompanied by a half-metal-to-semiconductor transition. The Curie temperatures of VHfN2Cl2 and CrHfN2Cl2 can be increased by a maximum of 2.5 and 2.36 times under modulation. This opens different ideas for the study of bimetallic TMNHs in spintronics and valleytronics.
Intramolecular charge transfer for optical applications
Authors: Samanta Pralok K. , Misra Ramprasad
Published: January 2023

Tuning of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in a molecule could be used to modulate its linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) response properties. Over the years, the ICT process in the so-called “push–pull” molecules in which electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) groups are connected either directly or through a π-electron bridge has been used for emission color tuning, modulating absorption maxima, optimizing first or higher order hyperpolarizabilities, and two-photon absorption (TPA), among others. As ICT is the functional basis of many optoelectronic and semiconductor devices, optimizing the parameters involved in this process as well as modeling the effect of the environment and intermolecular interaction are crucial for these applications. NLO processes such as second harmonic generation, sum-frequency generation, and TPA have been used extensively for numerous technological applications, such as optical switching, optical limiting, bioimaging, and biophotonics. Recently, through-bond and through-space ICT have been employed to tune the reverse intersystem crossing that facilitates thermally activated delayed fluorescence for fabricating next-generation organic light-emitting diodes. Aggregation-induced emission of ICT molecules either alone or in combination with the other phenomenon, such as TPA, could be useful in many optical applications. In this perspective, the state-of-the-art and challenges in designing ICT-based molecules and materials for optical applications will be discussed. The underlying theories used to quantify the magnitude of ICT and NLO response are mentioned, followed by a discussion on the latest development and scope of using these molecules and materials for optical applications.
On the fractional Lyapunov exponent for Hadamard-type fractional differential system
Authors: Ma Li , Wu Bowen
Published: January 2023

This paper is mainly dedicated to defining an adequate notion of fractional Lyapunov exponent to the Hadamard-type fractional differential system (HTFDS). First, the continuous dependence of the solution to a nonautonomous HTFDS is discussed. Then, to characterize the specific chaotic dynamics of the HTFDS, a novel fractional Lyapunov exponent well correlated with both the Mittag–Leffler characteristic function and the fractional order is well established by the aid of the results of continuous dependence and variational principle to the HTFDS. Subsequently, the upper bound of fractional Lyapunov exponents for the general HTFDS is estimated on account of its variation system. Finally, an indispensable illustration is presented to verify our main results, which also infers that different kinds of fractional systems share different Lyapunov exponents indeed.
Double resonance induced by group coupling with quenched disorder
Authors: Liu Cong , Wu Zhi-Xi , Wang Chong-Yang , Yang Han-Xin , Guan Jian-Yue
Published: January 2023

Results show that the astrocytes can not only listen to the talk of large assemble of neurons but also give advice to the conversations and are significant sources of heterogeneous couplings as well. In the present work, we focus on such regulation character of astrocytes and explore the role of heterogeneous couplings among interacted neuron–astrocyte components in a signal response. We consider reduced dynamics in which the listening and advising processes of astrocytes are mapped into the form of group coupling, where the couplings are normally distributed. In both globally coupled overdamped bistable oscillators and an excitable FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) neuron model, we numerically and analytically demonstrate that two types of bell-shaped collective response curves can be obtained as the ensemble coupling strength or the heterogeneity of group coupling rise, respectively, which can be seen as a new type of double resonance. Furthermore, through the bifurcation analysis, we verify that these resonant signal responses stem from the competition between dispersion and aggregation induced by heterogeneous group and positive pairwise couplings, respectively. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the signal propagation in coupled systems with quenched disorder.
Multiple actions of time-resolved short-pulsed metamaterials
Authors: Castaldi Giuseppe , Rizza Carlo , Engheta Nader , Galdi Vincenzo
Published: January 2023

Recently, it has been shown that temporal metamaterials based on impulsive modulations of the constitutive parameters (of duration much smaller than a characteristic electromagnetic timescale) may exhibit a nonlocal response that can be harnessed so as to perform elementary analog computing on an impinging wavepacket. These short-pulsed metamaterials can be viewed as the temporal analog of conventional (spatial) metasurfaces. Here, inspired by the analogy with cascaded metasurfaces, we leverage this concept and take it one step further, by showing that short-pulsed metamaterials can be utilized as elementary bricks for more complex computations. To this aim, we develop a simple, approximate approach to systematically model the multiple actions of time-resolved short-pulsed metamaterials. Via a number of representative examples, we illustrate the computational capabilities enabled by this approach, in terms of simple and composed operations, and validate it against a rigorous numerical solution. Our results indicate that the temporal dimension may provide new degrees of freedom and design approaches in the emerging field of computational metamaterials, in addition or as an alternative to conventional spatially variant platforms.
Supersonic cold-sprayed Si composite alloy as anode for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Lou Ding , Hong Haiping , Ellingsen Marius , Hrabe Rob
Published: January 2023

The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continuously stimulates the research community to seek advanced fabrication of anodes with improved performance and lifespan. Silicon (Si), as one of the most promising anode materials, has been the main focus of both research and industry. In this paper, we report a type of Si alloy anode for LIBs manufactured by the supersonic cold spray technique. The microscopic analysis revealed the uniform morphologies of the anodes, indicating that Si and other metal particles were well bonded. Specific discharge capacities were obtained for the cold-sprayed anodes by half-coin cell tests, with the highest value of 1047 mAh g−1 at a current rate of 0.05 C. Most importantly, the energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results demonstrated none oxidation of the powders after the cold spray process. The results strongly indicate that the concept of using cold spray technique to fabricate Si alloy anode is feasible. Compared to the conventional methods of fabricating Si anodes, the cold spray approach is simple, convenient, and scalable. This method may revolutionarily change the LIBs industries.
On the definition, evolution, and properties of the outer edge of gravity currents: A direct-numerical and large-eddy simulation study
Authors: Salinas Jorge S. , Balachandar S. , Zúñiga Santiago L. , Shringarpure M. , Fedele J. , Hoyal D. , Cantero M. I.
Published: January 2023

Gravity currents are flows driven by the action of gravity over fluids with different densities. Here, we focus on gravity currents where heavier fluid travels along the bottom of a sloping bed, underneath a large body of stagnant lighter ambient fluid. The thickness of the current increases due to entrainment of ambient fluid into the current. Direct numerical and large eddy simulations of gravity currents and a wall-jet transporting a passive scalar field are performed. We focus on the rate of penetration of mean momentum and mean concentration of the agent responsible for the density difference (temperature, salinity, or sediment volume fraction) into the ambient fluid. The rates of penetration of turbulence-related quantities (i.e., turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds flux, and stress) into the ambient are analyzed. A robust methodology for defining the upper edge of these quantities and thereby defining the current thickness using these different mean and turbulent quantities is presented. A comparison between downstream evolution of the gravity current with the corresponding behaviors of canonical wall-bounded turbulent flows is presented. The present understanding of turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) is extended to include subcritical flows where, due to the strong effect of stratification, the TNTI is buried well within the upper edge of the current and confined right above the inner near-bed layer. The present work sheds light on the striking difference between the different definitions of thickness (momentum, concentration, turbulence, etc.) in subcritical gravity currents, where stratification suppresses turbulence in the upper region of the current.