bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wave-current interaction during Hudhud cyclone in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Samiksha Volvaiker , Vethamony Ponnumony , Charls Antony , Prasad Bhaskaran , Balakrishnan Nair
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The present work describes the interaction between waves and currents utilizing a coupled ADCIRC + SWAN model for the very severe cyclonic storm Hudhud which made landfall at Visakhapatnam on the east coast of India in October 2014. Model computed wave and surge heights were validated with measurements near the landfall point. The Holland model reproduced the maximum wind speed of ≈ 54 m/s with the minimum pressure of 950 hPa. The modelled maximum surge of 1.2 m matches with the maximum surge of 1.4 m measured off Visakhapatnam. The two-way coupling with SWAN showed that waves contributed ≈ 0.25 m to the total water level during the Hudhud event. At the landfall point near Visakhapatnam, the East India Coastal Current speed increased from 0.5 to 1.8 m/s for a short duration (≈ 6 h) with net flow towards south, and thereafter reversed towards north. An increase of ≈ 0.2 m in Hs was observed with the inclusion of model currents. It was also observed that when waves travelled normal to the coast after crossing the shelf area, with current towards southwest, wave heights were reduced due to wave-current interaction; however, an increase in wave height was observed on the left side of the track, when waves and currents opposed each other.
Changes in glacier dynamics at the northern Antarctic Peninsula since 1985
Authors: Seehaus Thorsten , Cook Alison , Silva Aline B. , Braun Matthias H.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The climatic conditions along the northern Antarctic Peninsula have shown significant changes within the last 50 years. Most studies have focused on the glaciers affected by the disintegration of the ice shelves along the east coast. However, temporally and spatially detailed observations of the changes in ice dynamics along both the east and west coastlines are missing. Temporal trends of glacier area (1985–2015) and ice surface velocity (1992–2014) changes are derived from a broad multi-mission remote sensing database for 74 glacier basins on the northern Antarctic Peninsula (
Numerical solution of fractional differential equation by wavelets and hybrid functions
Authors: Refahi Sheikhani Amir Hosein , Mashoof Mahamad
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we introduce methods based on operational matrix of fractional order integration for solving a typical n-term non-homogeneous fractional differential equation (FDE). We use Block pulse wavelets matrix of fractional order integration where a fractional derivative is defined in the Caputo sense. Also we consider Hybrid of Block-pulse functions and shifted Legendre polynomials to approximate functions. By uses these methods we translate an FDE to an algebraic linear equations which can be solve. Methods has been tested by some numerical examples.
Existence of positive periodic solutions for nonlinear neutral dynamic equations with variable coefficients on a time scale
Authors: Ardjouni Abdelouaheb , Djoudi Ahcene
Published: April 2017

Let T be a periodic time scale. The purpose of this paper is to use Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem to prove the existence of positive periodic solutions for nonlinear neutral dynamic equations with variable coefficients on a time scale. We invert these equations to construct a sum of a contraction and a compact map which is suitable for applying the Krasnoselskii's theorem. The results obtained here extend the work of Candan c1.
Some common fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric spaces and their applications
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Deep Raman , Tripathi Adesh Kumar
Published: April 2017

The main aim of this paper is to prove fixed point theorems via notion of pairwise semi-compatible mappings and occasionally weakly compatible mappings(owc) in fuzzy metric spaces satisfying contractive type condition.
A new approximation method to solve boundary value problems by using functional perturbation concepts
Authors: Pourghanbar Somayeh , Ranjbar Mojtaba
Published: April 2017

Functional perturbation method (FPM) is presented for the solution of dierential equations with boundary conditions. Some properties of FPM are utilized to reduce the dierential equation with variable coecients to the equations with constant coecients. The FPM can be applied directly for many types of dierential equations. The exact solution is obtained by only the rst term of the Frechet series for polynomial cases. Four examples are included to demonstrate the method.
The stable subgroup graph
Authors: Tolue Behnaz
Published: April 2017

In this paper we introduce stable subgroup graph associated to the group $G$. It is a graph with vertex set all subgroups of $G$ and two distinct subgroups $H_1$ and $H_2$ are adjacent if $St_{G}(H_1)\cap H_2\neq 1$ or $St_{G}(H_2)\cap H_1\neq 1$. Its planarity is discussed whenever $G$ is an abelian group, $p$-group, nilpotent, supersoluble or soluble group. Finally, the induced subgraph of stable subgroup graph with vertex set whole non-normal subgroups is considered and its planarity is verified for some certain groups.
Some results on complex valued metric spaces employing an implicit relation with complex coefficients and its applications
Authors: Rouzkard Fayyaz
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we establish coincidence point and common fixed point theorems involving two pairs of weakly compatible mapping satisfying contraction condition with complex coefficient are proved in complex valued metric space. The presented theorems generalize, extend and improve many existing results in the literature. An example is given at the end of the paper.
Contribution of Non Oil Exports to Economic Growth in Nigeria (1985-2015)
Authors: Kromtit Matthew J. , Kanadi Charles , Ndangra Dorathy P. , Lado Suleiman
Published: April 2017

This study examines the contribution of non oil export to the growth of the Nigerian economy for the period 1985-2015. The economy is experiencing a fall in exchange earning, a fall in GDP, depletion of external reserve, scarcity of foreign exchange, and high cost of goods. This is as a result of the sudden fall in international oil price. Thus, this forms the motivation for the study. Augmented Dickey Fuller was used to test for unit root and to ascertain the stationarity of the variables. The result showed non oil exports to be stationary at level while economic growth proxied by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and exchange rate were stationary at first difference. Auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was then employed to ascertain the relationship between non oil exports and GDP. The Bound test conducted showed the presence of cointegration which means a long run relationship among the variables existed. The ARDL regression result indicated a positive and significant relationship between non oil exports and GDP. This means non oil exports contributed significantly to economic growth in Nigeria. The result also revealed that exchange rate had a negative though not significant relationship with GDP which is in line with economic theory. The study recommended making legislation that makes participation in non oil sectors like agriculture, solid minerals and manufacturing easy by both local and foreign investors, provision of credit at lower interest rate to the non oil sectors and direct participation in developing these sectors by the government.
Role of Peers Pressure and Self-Esteem on the General Secondary Students’ Aggression
Authors: Al-Zoubi Fadel Ali Falah , El-Zraigat Ibrahim
Published: April 2017

The objective of study was examining impacts of peers’ pressure, and the variable of self-esteem on levels of aggression at general secondary students, males and females. Aggression is known as any type of behavior meant to hurt others. Aggression always merges in the context of dealing among individuals (such as emotional and social difficulties, fewness of self-esteem, peers-discarding, and studying failure), environing character is tice (such as poverty, weakness of family supervisors, limited social support, and conflicts with the family) limiting factors that cause aggression are considered a vital matter to specify precautions of it. This qualitative rational research aims at examining impacts of variables of peers’ pressure, and self-esteem on prediction with levels of aggression at general secondary students. The sample of study consisted of 411 male and female students and they have been randomly chosen from 720 students and the general secondary students in Jerash governorate. The participants answered the questionnaire of aggression and scale of peers’-pressure, and scale of self-esteem in their classes during periods of research. Date had been analyzed by using hierarchy method analysis of using hierarchy method analyzing the multi-declension. It was pin-pointed that peers’ pressure was an effective predictor in explaining levels of aggression relative to hierarchy of analyzing the multi-declension of the general secondary students, males and females. Moreover, it was pin-pointed that self-esteem was in the second rank from part of the relationship with aggression amongst the general secondary students, males and females. It was clear that peers’ pressure had an impact indicative to the general secondary students’ aggression in the deeds connected with prevention of aggression, and it is necessary to teach the general secondary students how to adapt with pressure, and how to say “no”. Leaning on these results, we recommend that schools to students how to prevent violence and aggression. In addition to that, we recommend to use cognitive behavioural technicalities to raise the level of the general secondary students’ awareness with non-beneficial behaviour and motivating to aggression so that they can amend such behaviour.
Susceptibility of Vascular Implants to Colonization in vitro by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: WOŹNIAK WITOLD , KOZIŃSKA ALEKSANDRA , CIOSTEK PIOTR , SITKIEWICZ IZABELA
Published: April 2017

We compared association of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis with nine vascular implants after co-culture. Vascular implants were composed of various materials such as warp knitted polyester (with or without gelatin and silver ions), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and biological materials – surface treated porcine pericardial patch and Omniflow II. The lowest overall number of associated bacteria was detected for polytetrafluoroethylene implants and porcine pericardial patch. The highest overall number of associated bacteria was detected for Omniflow II implant. The major source of variation, i.e. primary factor influencing colonization, is the implant type (56.22%), bacterial species is responsible for only 1.81%, and interaction of those two factors – 13.09% of variation.
The Impact of Task-Based Language Teaching on the Development of Iranian EFL Learners’ ESP Reading Comprehension Skills
Authors: Setayesh Mahnam , Marzban Amin
Published: April 2017

The present study primarily aimed at investigating the effect of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) on development of the Iranian EFL learners’ ESP Reading Comprehension Skills. Moreover, it was aimed at investigating the probable difference between the TBLT-instructed students of Law and Mechanical Engineering with respect to their ESP reading skills, on the one hand, and the probable difference between TBLT-instructed males and females, on the other. In so doing, four groups of 25 participants (including two experimental groups and two control ones) were selected through cluster random sampling from among ESP students majoring in Law and Mechanical Engineering. After a four-week instruction treatment, the post-test was conducted to the participants. The results of the data analysis revealed that the experimental groups significantly performed better than the control groups in the post-test with respect to their reading comprehension scores. Furthermore, the results of independent samples t-test indicated that TBLT has been more effective on the Mechanical Engineering students than the Law students. Finally, the findings of the study were indicative of the fact that TBLT was more effective on females’ reading comprehension rather than on males’. Consequently, it can be concluded that TBLT can have a positive effect on students’ ESP reading ability. The findings of this study can be employed in different areas of second/foreign language teaching and learning to facilitate and improve the process of language learning.
The First Military and Non-Official Pharmacopoeias of the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Arslan Miray , Şar Sevgi , Sözen Şahne Bilge
Published: April 2017

The first official pharmacopoeia of the Ottoman period was written in 1844 under the title of Pharmacopee Militaire Ottomanee (Pharmacopea Castrensis Otomana) by Austrian Dr. Charles Ambrosie Bernard who was the founder of the first school of pharmacy at that time. This pharmacopoeia was written in French based on 1841 Pharmacopoea Castrensis Austriaca and consists of 161 pages. In this pharmacopoeia, drug names were given in Turkish, Italian and Latin as well as French. Also, in this pharmacopoeia medicinal plants were given in alphabetical order, simple and mixed drugs preparing methods were mentioned and especially focused on pastes but reagents and control methods weren’t mentioned. This book was specifically designed for military hospitals and pharmacies, so, it was not given much of an interest by Istanbul pharmacists.

The other codex Düstur-ül Edviye (Drugs Law) which was the translation of 1866 French Codex in Turkish by Major Mr Huseyin Sabri was published in 1874. This codex was printed in Tıbbiye-i Şahane printing house and consisted of 73 chapters and 508 pages. This book replaced the codex which was written by Dr Bernard and has become a guide for Istanbul pharmacists for a long time.

In this study, both pharmacopoeias are examined and various aspects of them are discussed.
Trabzon’dan Ahşap Bir Cami Örneği: Of – Bölümlü Mithat Paşa Camii / A Wooden Mosque from Trabzon: Of – Bolumlu Mithat Pasha Mosque
Authors: Aydın Hasan , Perker Sevgen Z.
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Trabzon, which is located on the shore of Black Sea and one of the oldest centers in Anatolia, has included many cultural heritage factors due to its historical importance and background. Mosques have an important role in shaping cultural heritage of the region. One of them is a wooden mosque which located in Bolumlu suburban area at Of District in Trabzon province. The wooden mosque is one of the historical and important models in Anatolia in terms of wooden material use in the traditional architecture. The wooden material which has an important role in Black Sea Region's building culture was widely and ingeniously used on bearing systems and other components of Bolumlu Mithat Pasha Mosque. The objective of this study is to examine and promotion of this mosque’s architectural properties and discussion of current situation of this mosque. 

Öz

Trabzon, geçirdiği tarihsel süreç nedeniyle çok sayıda kültürel miras unsurunu bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Sözü edilen kültürel miras unsurlarından bir tanesi de Trabzon’un Of İlçesi'ne bağlı Bölümlü Beldesi, Mithatpaşa Mahallesi’nde bulunan ve geleneksel mimaride ahşap kullanımının Anadolu'daki tarihi ve önemli örneklerinden bir tanesi olan camidir. Karadeniz Bölgesi yapı kültürü için önemli bir malzeme olan ahşap, Of Bölümlü Mithat Paşa Camii'nin hem taşıyıcı sisteminde hem de diğer elemanlarında ustalıkla kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu tarihi yapının mimari özelliklerinin araştırılması, tanıtılması ve güncel durumunun değerlendirilmesi bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır.
Hakîkat Yolcusunun Son Durağı: Nifferî’ye Göre Vakfe / The Final Destination of the Truth Seeker: Waqfah According to Al-Niffarî
Authors: Yıldız Mehmet
Published: April 2017

Abstract

This study examines Islamic mysticism according to Abdu’l-Jabbar Al-Niffarî who has been accepted as an importing figure in Islamic mysticism and among the pioneers of Ibn Arabi in the history of Sufism. Niffarî, who lived in the fourth century (AH), couldn’t find much fame since he preferred a humble and individual life style. The recent academic researches have shed light on his deserved reputation. The first comprehensive study about Nifferî belongs to M. Mustafa Çakmaklıoğlu in Turkey, which I review in this paper. In this study, Çakmaklıoğlu intensely examines Niffarî’s life, works, and contribution to Sufi knowledge. The author tries to understand Niffarî, who uses a very vehement, dense, symbolic, and paradoxical language, through Ibn Arabi since he is familiar with his earlier works.

Öz

Bu çalışma Tasavvuf tarihinde İbn Arabî’nin öncülerinden kabul edilebilecek önemli bir sûfî olan Abdülcebbâr en-Nifferî’yi konu edinmektedir. Hicrî dördüncü asırda yaşayan Nifferî, yapı itibariyle münzevî ve münferit bir hayatı tercih ettiği için kendi döneminden itibaren Tasavvuf tarihinde pek şöhret bulmamıştır. Hak ettiği şöhreti ise yakın geçmişte kendisi üzerinde yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar sonucu elde etmiştir. Türkçe’de Nifferî hakkında yapılan ilk kapsamlı çalışma M. Mustafa ÇAKMAKLIOĞLU’na aittir. Çakmaklıoğlu bu çalışmasında Nifferî’nin hayatını, eserlerini ve Tasavvuf ilmine kazandırdığı vakfe, mevkıf kavramlarını derinlemesine işlemektedir. Yazar çok veciz, yoğun, sembolik, paradoksal bir dil kullanan Nifferî’yi daha önceki çalışmalarında aşina olduğu İbn Arabî üzerinden anlamaya çalışmaktadır. 
OS COMMONS TRADICIONAIS, COMMONS DO CONHECIMENTO E O OPEN ACCESS: UMA DISTINÇÃO NECESSÁRIA NA ERA DIGITAL.
Authors: Schirru Luca
Published: April 2017

O presente estudo, através de uma análise bibliográfica, tem como objetivo principal apresentar três conceitos de grande relevância para o estudo acerca dos direitos de propriedade: os commons tradicionais e a existência de um feixe de direitos de propriedade sobre um determinado recurso comum, disseminados por Ostrom e Schlager (1992; 1996) e Ostrom (1999); os commons de conhecimento e os regimes open-acess.

Sob a perspectiva de melhor compreender as peculiaridades de cada recurso que será apresentado, o presente estudo se prestará a estabelecer distinções entre os commons tradicionais e de conhecimento, bem como o open-acess. Ainda, e apoiando-se nos estudos de Coriat (2011) será ressaltada a importância da existência de estruturas de governanças para garantir a durabilidade e sustentabilidade de determinados commons, a fim de evitar uma exploração exacerbada de um recurso natural (Tragédia dos Comuns) ou a subutilização de um recurso imaterial (Tragédia dos Anticommons).
USO DE ÓXIDOS DE METAIS DE TRANSIÇÃO NA CATÁLISE DA REAÇÃO DE FENTON
Authors: Queiroz Nathalia Marcelino Pereira , Zanta Carmem Lucia De Paiva e Silva , Tonholo Josealdo , Uchoa Silvia Beatriz Beger
Published: April 2017

A reação de Fenton é um dos processos oxidativos avançados (POAs) mais promissores no tratamento de compostos poluentes e tem se destacado como tecnologia alternativa. Consiste na utilização de espécies oxidantes como peróxidos e íons de ferro como agentes homogêneos de transferência eletrônica. Há limitações para sua aplicação em escala industrial, fundamentadas na estreita faixa de pH em que a reação ocorre com eficiência e na quantidade de Fe(OH)x gerado ao final do processo, que demanda uma disposição adequada e implica em mais custos para implementação do processo de tratamento. Para superar essas barreiras, o uso de catalisadores sólidos tem sido investigado. Para traçar os panoramas científico e tecnológico relativos ao uso de óxidos de metais de transição como catalisadores da reação em questão, foram realizadas buscas e análises de artigos científicos e de patentes em bases de dados nacional e internacionais. Apesar de revelada uma densa produção científica relacionada à essa tecnologia (814 artigos), há poucos produtos tecnológicos registrados (151 patentes). O país com o maior número de depósitos é a China, distantemente seguida pelo Brasil. Esses dados apontam uma oportunidade de investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento para gerar inovação tecnológica nessa área.
A CATEGORIA DA PARTICULARIDADE NA PRODUÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTO: APONTAMENTOS NA ÁREA DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Santana Joana Valente , Ferreira Benedito de Jesus Pinheiro
Published: April 2017

A partir do pressuposto de que vivenciamos um recuo da teoria na produção de conhecimento nas ciências sociais, com consequências práticas importantes, este artigo tem como tema a produção teórica referenciada no método dialético marxiano, com enfoque na discussão sobre a categoria de particularidade e sua relação mediadora com a singularidade e a universalidade. A partir de um levantamento bibliográfico em autores da tradição marxista, o artigo visa ratificar a relevância da teoria marxista na produção do conhecimento e intervenção na realidade social, enfocando ainda algumas implicações para as teorias pedagógicas e as práticas educacionais, nomeadamente sua degradação, malgrado a proclamada relevância do campo da educação.
FORMA ESCOLAR E COMPLEXOS DE ESTUDOS: CONSIDERAÇÕES A PARTIR DAS ESCOLAS ITINERANTES DO MST
Authors: Dalmagro Sandra Luciana
Published: April 2017

O artigo discute a mudança na forma escolar vigente a partir do experimento pedagógico que se desenvolve junto às Escolas Itinerantes ligadas ao Movimento Sem Terra, o qual tem por base a experiência educacional soviética. A pesquisa teve por base estudos bibliográficos em autores como Pistrak, Shulgin, Freitas, Saviani, Enguita e Manacorda, participação em encontros de planejamento e formação de professores e análise documental. As análises indicam que a transformação da forma escolar é um desafio colossal, porém iniciativas importantes emergem com destaque para a articulação entre trabalho e auto-organização e entre conteúdos e realidade. Identificamos que a proposta educacional do MST tem ganho maior consistência a partir do experimento, porém, transformações mais profundas e abrangentes demandam políticas públicas nesta direção, assim como o fortalecimento das organizações de trabalhadores que atuam para a superação da sociedade vigente e que articulam suas lutas à transformação do sistema educacional.
EDUCAÇÃO COMO DIREITO UNIVERSAL: MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO PARA AS POPULAÇÕES RURAIS
Authors: Bezerra Neto Luiz , Santos Flávio Reis dos , Bezerra Maria Cristina dos Santos
Published: April 2017

O propósito deste estudo é apontar o papel desempenhado pelos movimentos sociais brasileiros na defesa do direito de acesso e permanência na escola das populações rurais, por meio da formulação e implantação de políticas de educação do e no campo. Optamos por empreender uma pesquisa bibliográfica e concentramos as nossas investigações e análises centrais nos escritos de Arroio (2005), Duarte (2008), Molina (2008), Caldart (2008), Molina e Jesus (2010), Hage (2014), em diversos documentos oficiais do governo brasileiro e nos relatórios dos Fóruns Nacionais de Educação do Campo (2012; 2013). O êxito dos movimentos sociais para o estabelecimento e desenvolvimento da educação do e no campo é constatado, porém, boa parte das políticas praticadas pelo Estado evidencia a distância entre a forma de implementação da política e a essência das reivindicações realizadas pelos movimentos sociais.
A comparison of Aqua MODIS ice and liquid water cloud physical and optical properties between collection 6 and collection 5.1: Cloud radiative effects
Authors: Yi Bingqi , Rapp Anita D. , Yang Ping , Baum Bryan A. , King Michael D.
Published: April 2017

In our companion study, we show how cloud property products change from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) collection 5.1 (C51) to collection 6 (C6) for both ice and liquid water clouds through a pixel‐to‐pixel comparison. However, the question remains as to the full impacts of these cloud property differences between collections on the inference of cloud radiative effects (CREs). In this study, we address this question from a modeling perspective using one year (2012) of MODIS gridded annual‐averaged ice/liquid water cloud properties at 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution. The rapid radiative transfer model for general circulation model applications is used to simulate the broadband radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere under clear‐sky and cloudy‐sky conditions. The shortwave, longwave, and net radiative effects of ice, liquid water, and total clouds are derived individually assuming different cloud optical property parameterization schemes. The results provide quantifications of ice and liquid water CRE contributions to the total CRE. We find significant differences in the simulated CREs between C6 and C51 for ice clouds (up to 23 W m−2 for the shortwave CRE) and liquid water clouds (approximately −4.5 W m−2 for the shortwave CRE). The C6 total CRE provides the closest match with the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Energy Balanced And Filled product. Sensitivity studies are performed to estimate the impacts of different ice optical parameterization schemes and multilayer cloud overlap assumptions. Results show that the C6–C51 CRE differences are larger than the CRE variations caused by the other factors.
Global relationship of fire occurrence and fire intensity: A test of intermediate fire occurrence‐intensity hypothesis
Authors: Luo Ruisen , Hui Dafeng , Miao Ning , Liang Chuan , Wells Nicholas
Published: April 2017

Fire plays a significant role in global atmosphere and biosphere carbon and nutrient cycles. Globally, there are substantially different distributions and impacts between fire occurrence and fire intensity. It is prominent to have a thorough investigation of global relationship between fire occurrence and fire intensity for future fire prediction and management. In this study, we proposed an intermediate fire occurrence‐intensity (IFOI) hypothesis for the global relationship between fire occurrence and fire intensity, suggesting that fire occurrence changes with fire intensity following a humped relationship. We examined this hypothesis via satellite data from January 2001 to December 2013 at a global scale, and in small and large fire intensity zones, respectively. Furthermore, the fire occurrence and fire intensity relationship was developed among different vegetation types to reveal the changes of parameters and strengths. Finally, the environmental factors (including climatic, hydraulic, biological, and anthropogenic variables) underpinning the fire occurrence and intensity pattern were evaluated for the underlying mechanisms. The results supported our IFOI hypothesis and demonstrated that the humped relationship is driven by different causes among vegetation types. Fire occurrence increases with fire intensity in small fire intensity zones due to alleviation of the factors limiting both fire occurrence and intensity. Beyond a certain fire intensity threshold, fire occurrence is constrained, probably due to the limitation of available fuels. The information generated in this study could be helpful for understanding global variation of fire occurrence and fire intensity due to fire‐vegetation‐climate‐human interactions and facilitating future fire management.
Sensitivity of storm wave modeling to wind stress evaluation methods
Authors: Chen Yingjian , Yu Xiping
Published: April 2017

The application of the wave boundary layer model (WBLM) for wind stress evaluation to storm wave modeling is studied using Hurricane Katrina (2005) as an example, which is chosen due to its great intensity and good availability of field data. The WBLM is based on the momentum and energy conservation equations and takes into account the physical details of air‐sea interaction processes as well as energy dissipation due to the presence of sea spray. Four widely‐used bulk‐type formulas are also used for comparison. Simulated significant wave heights with WBLM are shown to agree well with the observed data over deep water. The WBLM yields a smaller wind stress coefficient on the left hand side of the hurricane track, which is reasonable considering the effect of the sea state on momentum transfer. Quantitative results show that large differences of the significant wave height are observed in the hurricane core among five wind stress evaluation methods and the differences are up to 12 m, which is in agreement with the general knowlege that the ocean dynamic processes under storm conditions are very sensitive to the amount of momentum exchange at the air‐sea interface. However, it is the depth‐induced energy dissipation, rather than the wind energy input, that dominates the wave height in the shallow water region. A larger value of depth‐induced breaking parameter in the wave model results in better agreement with the measurements over shallow water.
Remagnetizations used to unravel large‐scale fold kinematics: A case study in the Cameros Basin (Northern Spain)
Authors: García‐Lasanta C. , Casas‐Sainz A. , Villalaín J. J. , Oliva‐Urcia B. , Mochales T. , Speranza F.
Published: April 2017

The occurrence of a generalized remagnetization at 100 Ma makes the Cameros Basin, an 8 km thick Cretaceous extensional trough inverted during the Cenozoic, a perfect natural frame to apply paleomagnetic vectors to geometrical reconstructions. The widespread remagnetization that occurred between the extensional and compressional episodes, linked to low‐grade metamorphism, provides a tool to reconstruct the attitude of beds at the remagnetization time, thus giving a picture of basin geometry during the Cretaceous. This snapshot is compared with the present‐day geometry to constrain the large‐scale kinematic evolution of folds between these two stages. According to this methodology, a syncline, preinversion geometry of the sedimentary basin was determined and the position of its main axial surface was accurately located. Comparing with the present‐day, postinversion geometry, a northward hinge migration of around 5 km is inferred. This migration is the result of the southward back thrusting in the southern basin border, favored by the detachment level at the base of the Mesozoic cover. Conversely, the main northward directed thrust, which involved both the Paleozoic basement and the Mesozoic cover, did not significantly affect the internal structure of the basin in spite of its overall displacement of more than 20 km.
Outcome Reporting in Randomized Trials for Shoulder Disorders: Literature Review to Inform the Development of a Core Outcome Set
Authors: Page Matthew J. , Huang Hsiaomin , Verhagen Arianne P. , Gagnier Joel J. , Buchbinder Rachelle
Published: April 2017

Objective

To explore the outcome domains and measurement instruments reported across randomized trials of any interventions for various shoulder disorders.

Methods

We searched for shoulder trials included in Cochrane reviews published up to Issue 10, 2015, or indexed in PubMed between 2006 and 2015. Trials were eligible for inclusion if they focused on any intervention for rotator cuff disease, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder instability, glenohumeral or acromioclavicular osteoarthritis, shoulder dislocation, proximal humeral or humeral head fractures, or unspecified shoulder pain. Two authors independently selected trials for inclusion and extracted information on the domains and measurement instruments reported, with consensus discussion among all authors where required.

Results

We included 409 trials, published between 1954 and 2015. Across the trials, we identified 319 different instruments that were classified into 32 domains. Most trials reported a measure of pain (90%), range of motion (78%), and physical function (71%). The recording of adverse events was reported in only 31% of the trials. Muscle strength was reported in 44% of the trials and imaging outcomes in 21%. Other patient‐reported outcome measures, such as global assessment of treatment success, health‐related quality of life, work ability, and psychological functioning, were each reported in ≤15% of the trials. Most of the domains were reported at similar frequencies across different shoulder disorders.

Conclusion

The domains and measurement instruments reported were widely diverse. Our results provide a foundation for the development of a core outcome set for use in future trials across all shoulder disorders.
Geologic Workflows: The Metamorphosis of the Great Rock
Authors: Kis Péter , Bardóczi Sándor
Published: April 2017

Creating a series of inspirational museum spaces inside an irregularly shaped void at the heart of a massive artificial rock formation is no everyday task. To fulfil the dream that had driven construction of the Great Rock at Budapest Zoo & Botanical Garden over a century ago, and to make the most of the space available, local firm PLANT – Atelier Peter Kis devised an innovative workflow that began with 3D scanning of the decaying concrete structure. Architect Péter Kis and landscape architect Sándor Bardóczi describe it.
Mashup and Assemblage in Digital Workflows: The Role of Integrated Software Platforms in the Production of Architecture
Authors: Modesitt Adam
Published: April 2017

Digital technology is eliminating the separation between design and making that had existed since the Renaissance. But in order to seamlessly produce experience rather than just artefacts, architects have been turning to software developed for other fields. Adam Modesitt – assistant professor at the New Jersey Institute of Technology and founding principal of New York‐based Modesitt Design – discusses the new directions that this hybridisation of workflows is allowing architecture to take.
From Pencils to Partners: The Next Role of Computation in Building Design
Authors: Keough Ian , Hauck Anthony
Published: April 2017

As building information modelling (BIM) software becomes ever more powerful, how will the architect's role be affected? Ian Keough and Anthony Hauck of the AEC Generative Design group at leading software corporation Autodesk present their vision. They argue that the value of building professionals' expertise in advising clients on priorities and choices has never been higher. BIM offers greater guarantees of structural integrity and constructional feasibility, and scalable cloud computing allows numerous factors to be explored simultaneously; but success is only assured if the right parameters are set.
Collaborative Design: Combining Computer‐Aided Geometry Design and Building Information Modelling
Authors: Bhoosan Shajay
Published: April 2017

The spatial expression and ordering of social processes is one of the primary aims of architecture. Such is the view of Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA), where Shajay Bhooshan heads the computation and design group (CoDe). Here he explains how the practice has followed in the footsteps of the automotive, aircraft and shipbuilding industries in adopting a hybrid approach to design development. As demonstrated by a mathematics‐themed gallery conceived by ZHA for London's Science Museum, it assimilates historical knowledge while facilitating fabrication and allowing for future flexibility.
Life‐Cycle Assessment: Reducing Environmental Impact Risk with Workflow Data You Can Trust
Authors: Cays John
Published: April 2017

How can architects offer proof of their proposals' ‘green’ credentials? The answer – as advocated by John Cays, Associate Dean of the New Jersey Institute of Technology's College of Architecture and Design – is through life‐cycle assessment (LCA). Here he explains what it is, tracing its evolution over some six decades. He goes on to describe how design firms are partnering with software developers to create LCA tools that work alongside building information modelling to generate reliable data on their projects' ecological profiles.
Coming Full Circle: New Ruralism
Authors: Garber Richard
Published: April 2017

Particularly in areas of Africa and Asia, efforts are being made to accommodate new economic development without obliterating the rural way of life. Termed ‘New Ruralism’, the approach involves architects cooperating closely with local communities, ensuring that projects respect their cultural heritage and empowering them to actively participate in shaping their environment. The process is as important as the form in driving sustainability. Guest‐Editor Richard Garber explains the principles and illustrates them with a project in China by his own firm GRO Architects, and one in Kenya by his former employers SHoP Architects.
Sinuous Workflows: MAD Architects, The Harbin Opera House
Authors: Garber Richard
Published: April 2017

Based in Beijing and with offices in Los Angeles and New York City, MAD Architects are leading the way for a new generation of Chinese firms working globally on prestigious cultural projects. They have developed a design process that can be highly responsive to a site and draws on the skills of a multidisciplinary team from the earliest point possible. The story of the opera house they have created for the Chinese city of Harbin is a perfect illustration of this, as Guest‐Editor Richard Garber explains.
Architects at the Mixing Desk: Workflows Cutting Across the Whole‐Life Process
Authors: Sinclair Dale
Published: April 2017

Despite the collaborative, holistic approach discussed throughout this 2, most architects still remain rooted in the concept design stage. Dale Sinclair – Director of Technical Practice, Architecture at global engineering firm AECOM and a regular speaker on the future of the built environment industry – argues that several cultural shifts are needed. Not only should architects open themselves up to new building methods that allow them to digitally tweak simulations like a music producer at a mixing desk. They should also make broader use of digital technology to learn from their buildings' longer‐term outcomes, and feed this knowledge back into subsequent projects.
Rust‐Mediated Continuous Assembly of Metal–Phenolic Networks
Authors: Rahim Md. Arifur , Björnmalm Mattias , Bertleff‐Zieschang Nadja , Besford Quinn , Mettu Srinivas , Suma Tomoya , Faria Matthew , Caruso Frank
Published: April 2017

The use of natural compounds for preparing hybrid molecular films—such as surface coatings made from metal–phenolic networks (MPNs)—is of interest in areas ranging from catalysis and separations to biomedicine. However, to date, the film growth of MPNs has been observed to proceed in discrete steps (≈10 nm per step) where the coordination‐driven interfacial assembly ceases beyond a finite time (≈1 min). Here, it is demonstrated that the assembly process for MPNs can be modulated from discrete to continuous by utilizing solid‐state reactants (i.e., rusted iron objects). Gallic acid etches iron from rust and produces chelate complexes in solution that continuously assemble at the interface of solid substrates dispersed in the system. The result is stable, continuous growth of MPN films. The presented double dynamic process—that is, etching and self‐assembly—provides new insights into the chemistry of MPN assembly while enabling control over the MPN film thickness by simply varying the reaction time.
Stretchable Light‐Emitting Diodes with Organometal‐Halide‐Perovskite–Polymer Composite Emitters
Authors: Bade Sri Ganesh R. , Shan Xin , Hoang Phong Tran , Li Junqiang , Geske Thomas , Cai Le , Pei Qibing , Wang Chuan , Yu Zhibin
Published: April 2017

Intrinsically stretchable light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are demonstrated using organometal‐halide‐perovskite/polymer composite emitters. The polymer matrix serves as a microscale elastic connector for the rigid and brittle perovskite and induces stretchability to the composite emissive layers. The stretchable LEDs consist of poly(ethylene oxide)‐modified poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate as a transparent and stretchable anode, a perovskite/polymer composite emissive layer, and eutectic indium–gallium as the cathode. The devices exhibit a turn‐on voltage of 2.4 V, and a maximum luminance intensity of 15 960 cd m−2 at 8.5 V. Such performance far exceeds all reported intrinsically stretchable LEDs based on electroluminescent polymers. The stretchable perovskite LEDs are mechanically robust and can be reversibly stretched up to 40% strain for 100 cycles without failure.
An All‐Stretchable‐Component Sodium‐Ion Full Battery
Authors: Li Hongsen , Ding Yu , Ha Heonjoo , Shi Ye , Peng Lele , Zhang Xiaogang , Ellison Christopher J. , Yu Guihua
Published: April 2017

Stretchable energy‐storage devices receive considerable attention due to their promising applications in future wearable technologies. However, they currently suffer from many problems, including low utility of active materials, limited multidirectional stretchability, and poor stability under stretched conditions. In addition, most proposed designs use one or more rigid components that fail to meet the stretchability requirement for the entire device. Here, an all‐stretchable‐component sodium‐ion full battery based on graphene‐modified poly(dimethylsiloxane) sponge electrodes and an elastic gel membrane is developed for the first time. The battery exhibits reasonable electrochemical performance and robust mechanical deformability; its electrochemical characteristics can be well‐maintained under many different stretched conditions and after hundreds of stretching–release cycles. This novel design integrating all stretchable components provides a pathway toward the next generation of wearable energy devices in modern electronics.
Microcavity‐Enhanced Semitransparent Electrodes for Oligothiophene Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ghosh Dhriti Sundar , Leo Karl
Published: April 2017

Transparent electrodes (TEs) with high optical transparency (>85%) are usually considered to be prerequisite for realizing high‐efficiency solar cells. On the contrary, here an indium‐free TE is reported which is semitransparent with an average visible transparency of 66.7% only. The electrode consists of Ag 9 nm with TiO2 (30 nm) undercoat layer designed specifically for small molecule organic solar cell (SM‐OSC) based on methylated oligothiophene derivatives. The electrode also contains a polyethyleneimine (PEI) wetting layer which promotes the growth of continuous, ultrasmooth, and highly conductive Ag films on the TiO2 layer even at very low thicknesses. The developed TiO2/PEI/Ag (TPA) electrode exhibits much better mechanical properties with only <8% increase in sheet resistance after 200 bending cycles when a tensile strain of 2.1% is applied. The role of TiO2 undercoat layer has been investigated in detail and is shown to enhance the microcavity effect, leading to increased light coupling especially in the lower wavelength regime. With comparable photocurrent, and high fill‐factor values owing to much better electrical properties, the semitransparent TPA‐TE based SM‐OSC outperforms the state‐of‐art indium tin oxide (ITO) based reference device with photon conversion efficiency of 8.1% compared to 7.7% despite having lower transmittance (≈21%) relative to ITO.
Clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Kuter David J. , Konkle Barbara A. , Hamza Taye H. , Uhl Lynne , Assmann Susan F. , Kiss Joseph E. , Kaufman Richard M. , Key Nigel S. , Sachais Bruce S. , Hess John R. , Ness Paul , McCrae Keith R. , Leissinger Cindy , Strauss Ronald G. , McFarland Janice G. , Neufeld Ellis , Bussel James B. , Ortel Thomas L.
Published: April 2017

Background

Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a thrombotic disorder usually prompting treatment with non‐heparin anticoagulants. The benefits and risks of such treatments have not been fully assessed.

Methods

We analyzed data for 442 patients having a positive heparin‐platelet factor 4 antibody test and recent heparin exposure. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint (death, limb amputation/gangrene, or new thrombosis). Secondary outcomes included bleeding and the effect of anticoagulation.

Findings

Seventy‐one patients (16%) had HIT with thrombosis (HIT‐T); 284 (64%) had HIT without thrombosis (isolated HIT); 87 (20%) did not have HIT. An intermediate or high “4T” score was found in 85%, 58%, and 8% of the three respective groups. Non‐heparin anticoagulation was begun in 80%, 56%, and 45%. The composite endpoint occurred in 48%, 36%, and 17% (P = .01) of which 61%, 38%, and 40% were receiving non‐heparin anticoagulation. Compared with the no HIT group, the composite endpoint was significantly more likely in HIT‐T [HR 2.48 (1.35‐4.55), P = .003)] and marginally more likely in isolated HIT [HR 1.66 (0.96‐2.85), P = .071]. Importantly, risk increased (HR 1.77, P = .02) after platelet transfusion. Major bleeding occurred in 48%, 36%, and 16% of the three groups (P = .005). Non‐heparin anticoagulation was not associated with a reduction in composite endpoint events in either HIT group.

Interpretation

HIT patients have high risks of death, limb amputation/gangrene, thrombosis, and bleeding. Non‐heparin anticoagulant treatment may not benefit all patients and should be considered only after careful assessment of the relative risks of thrombosis and bleeding in individual patients.
Gastrointestinal disorders in Curry–Jones syndrome: Clinical and molecular insights from an affected newborn
Authors: Wigby Kristen , Twigg Stephen R. F. , Broderick Ryan , Davenport Katherine P. , Wilkie Andrew O. M. , Bickler Stephen W. , Jones Marilyn C.
Published: April 2017

Curry–Jones syndrome (CJS) is a pattern of malformation that includes craniosynostosis, pre‐axial polysyndactyly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, cutaneous and gastrointestinal abnormalities. A recurrent, mosaic mutation of SMO (c.1234 C>T; p.Leu412Phe) causes CJS. This report describes the gastrointestinal and surgical findings in a baby with CJS who presented with abdominal obstruction and reviews the spectrum of gastrointestinal malformations in this rare disorder. A 41‐week, 4,165 g, female presented with craniosynostosis, pre‐axial polysyndactyly, and cutaneous findings consistent with a clinical diagnosis of CJS. The infant developed abdominal distension beginning on the second day of life. Surgical exploration revealed an intestinal malrotation for which she underwent a Ladd procedure. Multiple small nodules were found on the surface of the small and large bowel in addition to an apparent intestinal duplication that seemed to originate posterior to the pancreas. Histopathology of serosal nodules revealed bundles of smooth muscle with associated ganglion cells. Molecular analysis demonstrated the SMO c.1234 C>T mutation in varying amounts in affected skin (up to 35%) and intestinal hamartoma (26%). Gastrointestinal features including structural malformations, motility disorders, and upper GI bleeding are major causes of morbidity in CJS. Smooth muscle hamartomas are a recognized feature of children with CJS typically presenting with abdominal obstruction requiring surgical intervention. A somatic mutation in SMO likely accounts for the structural malformations and predisposition to form bowel hamartomas and myofibromas. The mutation burden in the involved tissues likely accounts for the variable manifestations.