bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Digital Health Interventions Across Different Health Care Domains: Secondary Data Analysis Study
Authors: Hyzy Maciej , Bond Raymond , Mulvenna Maurice , Bai Lu , Dix Alan , Daly Robert , Frey Anna-Lena , Leigh Simon
Published: October 2023

Background

There are more than 350,000 digital health interventions (DHIs) in the app stores. To ensure that they are effective and safe to use, they should be assessed for compliance with best practice standards.

Objective

The objective of this paper was to examine and compare the compliance of DHIs with best practice standards and adherence to user experience (UX), professional and clinical assurance (PCA), and data privacy (DP).

Methods

We collected assessment data from 1574 DHIs using the Organisation for the Review of Care and Health Apps Baseline Review (OBR) assessment tool. As part of the assessment, each DHI received a score out of 100 for each of the abovementioned areas (ie, UX, PCA, and DP). These 3 OBR scores are combined to make up the overall ORCHA score (a proxy for quality). Inferential statistics, probability distributions, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Cliff delta, and Dunn tests were used to conduct the data analysis.

Results

We found that 57.3% (902/1574) of the DHIs had an Organisation for the Review of Care and Health Apps (ORCHA) score below the threshold of 65. The overall median OBR score (ORCHA score) for all DHIs was 61.5 (IQR 51.0-73.0) out of 100. A total of 46.2% (12/26) of DHI’s health care domains had a median equal to or above the ORCHA threshold score of 65. For the 3 assessment areas (UX, DP, and PCA), DHIs scored the highest for the UX assessment 75.2 (IQR 70.0-79.6), followed by DP 65.1 (IQR 55.0-73.4) and PCA 49.6 (IQR 31.9-76.1). UX scores had the least variance (SD 13.9), while PCA scores had the most (SD 24.8). Respiratory and urology DHIs were consistently highly ranked in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Evidence Standards Framework tiers B and C based on their ORCHA score.

Conclusions

There is a high level of variability in the ORCHA scores of DHIs across different health care domains. This suggests that there is an urgent need to improve compliance with best practices in some health care areas. Possible explanations for the observed differences might include varied market maturity and commercial interests within the different health care domains. More investment to support the development of higher-quality DHIs in areas such as ophthalmology, allergy, women’s health, sexual health, and dental care may be needed.
Identifying Rare Circumstances Preceding Female Firearm Suicides: Validating A Large Language Model Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Zhou Weipeng , Prater Laura C , Goldstein Evan V , Mooney Stephen J
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Firearm suicide has been more prevalent among males, but age-adjusted female firearm suicide rates increased by 20% from 2010 to 2020, outpacing the rate increase among males by about 8 percentage points, and female firearm suicide may have different contributing circumstances. In the United States, the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) is a comprehensive source of data on violent deaths and includes unstructured incident narrative reports from coroners or medical examiners and law enforcement. Conventional natural language processing approaches have been used to identify common circumstances preceding female firearm suicide deaths but failed to identify rarer circumstances due to insufficient training data.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to leverage a large language model approach to identify infrequent circumstances preceding female firearm suicide in the unstructured coroners or medical examiners and law enforcement narrative reports available in the NVDRS.

METHODS

We used the narrative reports of 1462 female firearm suicide decedents in the NVDRS from 2014 to 2018. The reports were written in English. We coded 9 infrequent circumstances preceding female firearm suicides. We experimented with predicting those circumstances by leveraging a large language model approach in a yes/no question-answer format. We measured the prediction accuracy with F1-score (ranging from 0 to 1). F1-score is the harmonic mean of precision (positive predictive value) and recall (true positive rate or sensitivity).

RESULTS

Our large language model outperformed a conventional support vector machine–supervised machine learning approach by a wide margin. Compared to the support vector machine model, which had F1-scores less than 0.2 for most infrequent circumstances, our large language model approach achieved an F1-score of over 0.6 for 4 circumstances and 0.8 for 2 circumstances.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of a large language model approach shows promise. Researchers interested in using natural language processing to identify infrequent circumstances in narrative report data may benefit from large language models.
Accuracy of a Web-Based Time-Use Diary (MEDAL) in Assessing Children’s Meal Intakes With Food Photography by Parents as Reference: Instrument Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chong Kar Mun , Chia Airu , Shah Budin Nur Syahirah , Poh Bee Koon , Jamil Nor Aini , Koh Denise , Chong Mary Foong-Fong , Wong Jyh Eiin
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

My E-Diary for Activities and Lifestyle (MEDAL) is a web-based time-use diary developed to assess the diet and movement behaviors of Asian school children.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to determine the accuracy of MEDAL in assessing the dietary intake of Malaysian school children, using photographs of the children’s meals taken by their parents as an objective reference.

METHODS

A convenience sample of 46 children aged 10 to 11 years recorded their daily meals in MEDAL for 4 days (2 weekdays and 2 weekend days). Their parents took photographs of the meals and snacks of their children before and after consumption during the 4-day period and sent them along with a brief description of food and drinks consumed via an instant SMS text messaging app. The accuracy of the children’s reports of the food they had consumed was determined by comparing their MEDAL reports to the photographs of the food sent by their parents.

RESULTS

Overall, the match, omission, and intrusion rates were 62% (IQR 46%-86%), 39% (IQR 16%-55%), and 20% (IQR 6%-44%), respectively. Carbohydrate-based items from the food categories “rice and porridge”; “breads, spreads, and cereals”; and “noodles, pasta, and potatoes” were reported most accurately (total match rates: 68%-76%). “Snack and dessert” items were omitted most often (omission rate: 54%). Furthermore, side dishes from “vegetables and mushrooms,” “eggs and tofu,” “meat and fish,” and “curry” food groups were often omitted (omission rates: 42%-46%). Items from “milk, cheese, and yogurt”; “snacks and desserts”; and “drinks” food groups intruded most often (intrusion rates: 37%-46%). Compared to the items reported by the boys, those reported by the girls had higher match rates (69% vs 53%) and lesser omission rates (31% vs 49%; P=.03, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, children aged 10 to 11 years can self-report all their meals in MEDAL, although some items are omitted or intruded. Therefore, MEDAL is a tool that can be used to assess the dietary intake of Malaysian school children.
Connected Health Requirements Gathering for ADHD Through Clinical Journey Mapping (Preprint)
Authors: Harris Richard , Adam Frederic , Murray Deirdre , McSweeney Angela
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

The creation of a robust connected health application, by its very nature, requires a multidisciplinary development team. Integrated patient journey mapping presents a fantastic opportunity to streamline the requirements gathering process by clearly illustrating the patient journey to individuals who are not familiar with the clinical practice. However, there are limitations to integrated patient journey mapping, particularly the size of the diagrams themselves which often require specialized equipment to adequately present [1]. This research has focused on ADHD as a case study for implementing Clinical Journey Mapping, with the Dundee Clinical Care Pathway [2] identified as the gold standard for ADHD treatment and thus used as the preferred patient journey template.

OBJECTIVE

The objective for this paper will be to answer the following research questions:

1) How can the Dundee Clinical Care Pathway be visualized on the Integrated Journey Mapping tool?
2) How can the Integrated Journey Mapping Tool be updated in order to improve its accessibility?
3) Is visualizing the Dundee clinical care pathway beneficial to stakeholders when identifying key requirements for a connected health application designed to support
the implementation of the pathway?

METHODS

This study has utilized a design science approach [3] where a sample artifact is presented to a relevant audience for review and feedback, which is then leveraged to iterate the artefact. This paper has leveraged both Information Systems professionals and clinical professionals to achieve relevant feedback for each iteration.

RESULTS

The implementation of the above methods has resulted in the creation of a clinical patient journey map which highlights multiple persona journeys through the Dundee clinical care pathway on one diagram. Utilizing UML concepts and color coding, multiple patient personas can be mapped onto a streamlined diagram, allowing the diagram to be used in a wider variety of situations.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on feedback from participants, the following recommendations for where connected health can be embedded within the Dundee clinical care pathway are presented:

1) Leverage software-based screening questionnaire to reduce face to face clinician time.
2) Utilized software-based teaching materials, including digital content libraries using text, audio and/or video, to assist in the non-medical intervention stages of
the pathway.
3) Adopt smart remote monitoring tools, for example Bluetooth blood pressure cuffs, to streamline the continued care process with the aim of reducing the number of
required continued care appointments while maintaining a high level of oversight and care for patients.
COMPARISON OF PLAIN X-RAY WITH MRI IN PATIENTS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND SERONEGATIVE ARTHRITIS
Authors: Yadav Bhagwan , Puri Sulabh , Mathur Manoj
Published: October 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the findings of plain X-ray with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients of rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative arthritis.
Methods: A total of 35 patients who apparently fulfilled the clinical diagnostic criteria were included on the basis of serological tests for seropositive and seronegative arthritis. After fulfillment of all the inclusion and exclusion criteria, radiographic images and MRI of joints were done by various MR techniques. Findings of plain radiography and MRI in various cases were compiled and subjected to statistical analysis using IBM software SPSS v20.
Results: Twenty-one patients were diagnosed with seropositive arthritis and 14 were with seronegative arthritis. The findings showed that MRI was 100 accurate in diagnosing seropositive and seronegative arthritis while the accuracy of X-ray in detecting seropositive arthritis (in comparison to MRI) was 62.86% with sensitivity of 38.1%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 51.85%. The accuracy of X-ray in detecting seronegative arthritis (in comparison to MRI) was 85.71% with a sensitivity of 64.29%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 80.77%.
Conclusion: MRI of seropositive and seronegative arthritis is a highly rewarding investigation and should be undertaken in all cases where plain radiographs are positive and when there is clinical suspicion of a disease but the X-ray films are not diagnostic.
COMPARISON OF INDUCTION OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA WITH PROPOFOL AND SEVOFLURANE FOREASE OF I GEL INSERTION: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Akshay Chandrashekar Gundalli  , MN Vijai , Gokul B  , Rathore Vikram Singh
Published: October 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the conditions for supraglottic airway device (I Gel) insertion following induction of anesthesia with inhalation of Sevoflurane or intravenous induction with propofol in patients undergoing short surgery (<3 h) and comparison the loss of eye reflex, Hemodynamic parameters, Jaw opening, Ease of insertion, coughing, gagging, laryngeal spasm are taken into consideration.
Methods: It is randomized control trial was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia at Command Hospital (Air Force) Bengaluru after obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethical Committee. A total of 140 patients included in the study with written consent, during the 18-month period between May 2020 and November 2021. Patients were randomized into one of the two groups as group P: Propofol and group S: Sevoflurane for induction of anesthesia. Both groups receive IV Lignocaine (2 mL of 1%) before induction of anesthesia. The grading condition for insertion between the groups were noted and compared using appropriate statistical tool using SPSS v21 operating on windows 10.
Results: There was no significant difference in the mean age of patients between propofol group and sevoflurane group. Overall propofol group had the better performance compared to the sevoflurane group. There was higher incidence of repeat administration in the sevoflurane group (2.9%) compared to propofol group (1.4%), which was statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: The present study found comparable results for supraglottic airway device (I Gel) following induction of anesthesia with inhalation of Sevoflurane or intravenous induction with Propofol.
VARIATIONS IN THE ORIGIN OF PROFUNDA BRACHII ARTERY FROM BRACHIAL ARERTY-SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: K SATHEESH NAIK  , K Praveena Kumari , Lokanadham Sadhu
Published: October 2023

Objective: The profunda brachii artery (PBA) is a chief artery in anterior compartment of the arm for the nutritional source. Knowledge of variations in the origin and branching is helpful for the surgeon during catheterization and harvesting of lateral flaps.
Methods: During the routine dissection for medical undergraduate students we found variations in the branching pattern of PBA in 72 arms from 36 cadavers in the Department of Anatomy, Viswabharathi Medical College, Penchikalapadu, and Kurnool, over 5 years. We preserved all the variations carefully.
Results: We observed PBA in all the cadavers, patterns of origin, branches, and termination were recorded. In 96.9% of cadavers artery arises from the brachial artery (BA), in 1.4% from the axillary artery, and in 1.7% cadavers from a common stem with the superior ulnar collateral arteries. In 11.1% and 16.7% of the cadavers showed duplication and early branching.
Conclusion: Humeral fractures and BA catheterization the incidence of duplication and early branching make it vulnerable to inadvertent injury and may complicate lateral arm flaps. Pre-operative angiographic evaluation is therefore recommended.
AMELIORATION IN APPROACHES FOR ENHANCED PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: CHOUDHARY SURAJ , PATIL APARAJITA
Published: October 2023

Pulmonary disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and other severe conditions like cancer have indeed made pulmonary drug delivery systems, both, an area of interest as well as concern. The mortality rate, around 8%, has enabled researchers to develop novel technologies for efficient drug delivery and reduced side effects. As the drug delivery through inhalation involves two major influencing factors, that is, formulation type and the device used for inhalation, various strategies have been designed with an intent to upgrade the existing drug formulations and devices used. Apart from this, various targeting strategies including gene therapy and magnetic targeting so as to improve the target specificity of the administered drug in the regions of the pulmonary system have been developed. In spite of these advancements, pulmonary drug delivery appears to be challenging in terms of formulation design and animal model design as well as lack of availability of FDA-approved excipients for inhalation. Persistent efforts have been made by the researchers in combining various strategies to negate the drawbacks/limitations of pulmonary drug delivery so as to develop a drug delivery system with improved efficacy and negligible adverse effects.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ONDANSETRON WITH RAMOSETRON IN PREVENTION OF POST-OPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Authors: Ramakrishna Bandaru  , Pramila T  , Prathibha T  , BV Surendra
Published: October 2023

Objective: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is an unpleasant, distressing, and exhausting experience for patients. PONV may prolong recovery, delay patient discharge, and increase hospital costs. Prevention and treatment of PONV help to accelerate post-operative recovery and increase patient satisfaction. In this study, we compared the efficacy of Ondansetron and Ramosetron to prevent PONV in patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia and also to study their side effects.
Methods: Eighty patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] I and II) between the age group of 18 and 65 years scheduled to undergo elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups. Group O received Ondansetron 4 mg and Group R received Ramosetron 0.3 mg intravenously before induction of anaesthesia. Episodes of nausea, vomiting, and retching were determined and noted in first 24 h after surgery at time intervals of 0–3 h, 3–6 h, 6–12 h, and 12–24 h. The incidence of adverse effects and the use of rescue anti-emetics were also noted in the post-operative period. At the end of the surgery, results were compiled and statistical analysis was done using Student’s “t” test and Chi-square test. p<0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: The incidence of nausea was lower in patients receiving Ramosetron when compared to patients receiving Ondansetron especially in the 0–3 h period (p=0.032). This was statistically significant. The incidence nausea was lower in Group R during 3–6 h, 6–12 h, and 12–24 h period which was not statistically significant (p=1.000, p=0.359, p=1.000 respectively). The incidence of vomiting was lower in patients receiving Ramosetron when compared to patients receiving Ondansetron in the 0–3 h, 3–6 h, 6–12 h, and 12–24 h period, but it was not statistically significant (p=0.712, p=1.000, p=0.241, and p=0.116, respectively). The use of rescue anti-emetics and the incidence of adverse side effects were more in patients receiving Ondansetron when compared to patients receiving Ramosetron with no significance.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that ramosetron was more effective than ondansetron in the prevention of post-operative nausea and was associated with fewer side effects comparatively.
CORRELATION OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND BLOOD CULTURE IN NEONATAL SEPSIS AT INTEGRAL INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH, HOSPITAL LUCKNOW (UTTAR PRADESH)
Authors: Maurya Akanksha , Jahan Sarver , Yadav Suneet Kumar
Published: October 2023

Objective: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical condition of bacteremia characterized by systemic signs and symptoms of infection in children under 4 weeks of age. It involves systemic infections in newborns, including septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis, osteomyelitis, and urinary tract infections. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an abnormal β-globulin produced by the liver during any inflammatory process. The gold standard method to diagnose neonatal sepsis is blood culture; however, it is time-consuming and requires a well-equipped laboratory and trained personnel. To study the correlation between CRP and blood culture in neonatal sepsis. Methods: The present study was a retrospective study conducted at the Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hospital Lucknow. (UP) All the indoor neonates attending at the Integral Institute of Medical Science and Research Hospital who’s both parameters, CRP as well as blood culture were noted in the microbiology department register during my study period. In the blood culture, samples were collected aseptically and processed by either conventional or automated blood culture methods. CRP estimation was done by a latex agglutination card test. CRP was reported as positive if agglutination particles were seen. Results: CRP positivity rate: out of 235 samples, 72 (30.64%) were positive and 163 (69.36%) were negative. Blood culture positivity rate: out of 118 samples, 71 (60.17%) cases were culture positive and 47 (39.83%) were negative. After comparison of CRP samples with blood culture samples, 90 samples were tested for both blood culture and CRP, and the babies ages were under 4 weeks. Conclusion: So from our study, we are concluding that blood culture is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, and although we can use CRP as the screening method, this test is not specific enough to be relied upon as the only indicator.
HAND ANTHROPOMETRY - A VALUABLE PARAMETER FOR GRIP STRENGTH AND HAND FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT
Authors: Sethi Ruchira , Jha Shweta
Published: October 2023

Objective: The objective is to study the relationship between hand length (HL) and hand width with grip strength and writing speed among medical students. This plays a crucial role in evaluating functional ability and motor skills.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted 255 undergraduate students (M=110, F=145); 18–25 age group was selected for the study. HL, hand width, grip strength, and handwriting speed were measured and correlated.
Results: The average measurement for HL was 188.2 mm and 181.43 for right and left hand, respectively. The figures for hand width were 75.59 mm and 75.37 mm for right and left hand, respectively. The average values for grip strength 19.24 kg and 19.25 kg for right and left hand, respectively. Average handwriting speed was 119.6 letters/min.
Conclusion: Provides normative data for hand anthropometry, handgrip strength, and handwriting speed in undergraduate medical students. Hand anthropometry correlated significantly with the grip strength. Handwriting speed is accentuated with increase in length as shown in this study.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN LIGHT WAND AND AIRTRAQ AIDED TRACHEAL INTUBATION FOR ADULT PATIENTS WITH DIFFICULT AIRWAY UNDERGOING ELECTIVE SURGERY UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Authors: KOTA MYTHILI , GUNTREDDY AMAN SAI , GANESH M VENKATA
Published: October 2023

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare airtraq (AT) intubations and lightwand (LW) intubations in terms of safety, efficacy, ease of intubation, hemodynamic variabilities, and post-operative outcomes.
Methods: A cross-sectional and randomized comparative study was conducted on sixty adult patients with a predicted difficult airway, scheduled to undergo elective surgery under general anesthesia using AT and LW intubation.
Results: All the cases in both the AT group and LW group were successfully intubated, with an overall success rate of 100% in both groups. The success at the first attempt in AT group was 96.66% and that of LW group was 73.33%.
Conclusion: AT had superior successful intubation conditions than LW. However, both LW and AT were proved to be safe and successful techniques of intubation in difficult airway patients.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN PROPOFOL AND THIOPENTONE SODIUM IN FACILITATION OF LARYNGEAL MASK AIRWAY INSERTION
Authors: APPARAO MEKALA , SARAIAH RONTALA , RAJU KOTA , ARPITHA REDDY ADDULA
Published: October 2023

Aims: The aim of the study is to compare the conditions to facilitate the insertion of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) with the two most commonly used agents – thiopentone and propofol, after adequate pre-medication with midazolam and fentanyl.
Methods: It is prospective randomized study conducted on 70 patients of either sex, belonging to 20–60 years of age, and American Society of Anesthesiologists grades I and II who were admitted to elective minor surgeries under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Patients in both the groups received pre-induction doses of glycopyrrolate (0.2 mg), midazolam (0.04 mg/kg), and fentanyl (2 mcg/kg) and were induced with either propofol (2 mg/kg) or thiopentone (5 mg/kg), to facilitate insertion of LMA. The parameters were studied and were conditions for insertion, time taken, hemodynamic changes during insertion of LMA, and immediately thereafter.
Results: Conditions for insertion, ease of insertion was significantly greater in propofol group when compared to thiopentone group. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were compared between the 2 groups. It was observed that there was a fall in all these parameters in both groups, but it was more pronounced in the propofol group. Although this was statistically extremely significant (p<0.001), it was not clinically significant.
Conclusion: It was concluded that, due to better ease of insertion, lesser time taken for insertion, and better recovery profiles observed with propofol, it seemed to be slightly superior to thiopentone as an induction agent for insertion of the LMA.
Ageing and Death: A Focus on How to Transcend Diseases for Transhumanist Movements
Authors: Lombard Jessica
Published: October 2023

The concept of transhumanism is based on a specific understanding of human limitations that should or could be transcended. Among them, the question of overcoming our own corporeality through the delaying of ageing or death is of major importance for a new understanding of human plasticity and fluidity when shaping ourselves and our environment. As transhumanism advocates for human enhancement through technological means, it considers ageing and death as diseases and criticizes their necessity in the human evolutionary process. In light of this transhumanist question, this article discusses ageing and death as diseases for which there must be technological solutions. It underlines that a philosophical approach is necessary to highlight how correlated and interrelated those subjects are and tries to go beyond humanist dichotomies to make clearer how major notions (health, enhancement, etc.) are intertwined with each other and consequently shape our socio-political subjectivities. Given this context, this article discusses the fact that medicine is traditionally structured on a limit that seems to be more and more plastic to pave the way for new debates, such as human enhancement, morphological freedom, and biocultural capital. It then discusses how transhumanism tries to transcend what is considered human structures by examining death as a fatal degeneration that could be overcome through biological amortality and informational immortality.
Adopción de Tecnologías Verdes en el Sector Industrial: una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura
Authors:   Universidad Ricardo Palma, Valencia Arias Alejandro , Rodríguez-Correa Paula Andrea ,   Institución Universitaria Escolme, Ramón Ruffner de Vega Jeri Gloria ,   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Benjumea-Arias Martha ,   Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano ITM, Oré León Aarón José Alberto ,   Universidad Ricardo Palma
Published: October 2023

Las tecnologías verdes se han venido consolidando como un aporte para el desarrollo sostenible del sector industrial; sin embargo, aún se conoce poco sobre los factores que inciden en la adopción de estas tecnologías en dicho sector. Dada esta necesidad, surge el objetivo de examinar los factores asociados a la adopción de tecnologías verdes en el contexto individual y empresarial. La metodología se estructuró a partir de una revisión sistemática que sigue los pasos de la metodología PRISMA, a partir de la búsqueda en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science y Dimensions. Se obtuvo como resultado el análisis de 123 documentos. Entre los hallazgos se observa que los factores más recurrentes son la adopción, la intención de uso, las normas sociales, la actitud y la conciencia ecológica. Se concluye que es necesaria la validación de estos factores en el contexto de economías emergentes, con el fin de establecer estrategias que respondan a las necesidades de su contexto social, tecnológico y económico.
Decision Tree Based Fault Classification for Transmission Line Analysis
Authors: Choudhary Priti , Bhaskar Dr. M. K. , Parihar Manish
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Transmission lines forms the backbone of the transmission and distribution networks which powers the nation. No modern society can imagine its existence without power supplies which runs everything ranging from consumer electronics to bullet trains. This research paper focuses on classifying faults on electric power transmission lines. fault classification has been achieved by using decision tree and study on their result is done. The simulation studies have been carried out by using MATLAB fuzzy-logic toolbox
Analysis The Effectiveness of E-Court System at The Religious Court of Bangil Based on Simple Principles Quickly and Low Cost
Authors: Sakinah Nur Ainun
Published: October 2023

A system can be declared successful if its application in the field has achieved predetermined objectives. The Supreme Court as the highest agency in the judicial sphere has issued a system to register cases and trials in court electronically, one of which is the Bangil Religious Court. The purpose of the study was to determine the application of the e-court system in the examination of cases at the Bangil Religious Court and to determine the effectiveness of the e-court system at the Bangil Religious Court. Research methods used by researchers are sociological empirical research methods that describe the actual environmental conditions of society supported by data and facts obtained by conducting interviews and observations. The results showed that: 1) The examination of cases at the Bangil Religious Court has not fully implemented the examination of cases using the e-court system because one of the agendas for examining cases in the trial, namely the agenda of evidence, is still carried out manually. 2) Effectiveness of e-court  system implementation The Bangil Religious Court cannot run effectively because 4 factors of legal effectiveness cannot be met, namely Law Enforcement Factors there are obstacles experienced by judges in the verification process in  the e-court system, Facilities and Infrastructure Factors related to network system constraints from the center and facilities that are less attractive to the community, Community Factors that do not understand technological developments, Cultural Factors The difficulty of transitioning people's way of life from conventional to electronic. The factor that is fulfilled is Law Enforcement Factors evidenced by the issuance of PERMA Number 1 of 2019. Suggestion that the Supreme Court improve network repair and maintenance on the e-court system to avoid system errors at certain times and often conduct socialization related to e-court renewal.
BEVERAGE STORE BUSINESS LICENSE REGULATION
Authors: Tantri Novia Ayu
Published: October 2023

This study was conducted to understand the arrangement and licensing mechanism for taverns from a legal perspective. Licensing regulations before the Job Creation Law, especially the licensing process in the regions, could have been more friendly to the business sector. The presence of the Job Creation Law, which changed several articles of the Licensing Law, greatly affected the ease of business licensing. This study uses normative juridical research methods with statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches. The results of this study indicate that the tavern business, which is one of the business sectors in the beverage procurement sector, is a low-risk business, so business licensing is only limited to Business Identification numbers (NIB). Furthermore, regulations related to the requirements for business permits for Beverage Shops with the enactment of PP Number 5 of 2021 revoke the previous regulations regarding the implementation of business licensing services, namely PP No. 24 of 2018regarding Electronically Integrated Business Licensing Services. In this research, it is hoped that the Central Government will establish regulations that specifically function as filtering the tourism sector business, especially the tavern business sector so that the classification of business sectors by sector is in line with the Indonesian Business Field Standard Classification, which is compiled for statistical purposes and establishes business activity standards that apply to businesses with a low level of risk so that they can become rules that can be used as the basis for supervision of the implementation of business licensing.
Enhancing Surface Charge Density of Graphene Oxide Membranes through Al(OH)4- Anion Incorporation for Osmotic Energy Conversion
Authors: Aixalà-Perelló Anna , Raffone Federico , Baudino Luisa , Pedico Alessandro , Serrapede Mara , Cicero Giancarlo , Lamberti Andrea
Published: October 2023

This study explores enhancing salinity gradient power using 2D materials
due to their surface-governed charge. However, achieving high-performing
membranes with superior ion selectivity and low ionic resistances
remains challenging. To address this issue,
Al(OH) anions were incorporated into
graphene oxide membranes to increase their spontaneous negative surface
charge. The anions were successfully formed and encapsulated through a
reaction with the alumina support under alkaline conditions during the
membrane formation. The membranes’ physicochemical properties were
analyzed by means of selected characterization techniques. The
incorporation of Al(OH) anions
significantly improved permselectivity and ionic resistance, reaching
approximately 95% and 2 Ω cm, respectively. A
modeling of the system was carried out to further understand the
anchoring of these ions within the membrane matrix and their role in
boosting the charge of the membrane and, therefore, their
electrochemical properties. The study delved into the utilization of GO
membranes as monovalent-selective membranes, an approach to boost
reverse electrodialysis power densities. The membranes demonstrated
impressive selectivity, overcoming 70 folds for divalent cations over
K.
Effect of check dams on sediment concentration in a watershed during a heavy rain event
Authors: Li Mian , Shen Zhenzhou , Hui Bo , Lv Xizhi , Yang Er , Ma Li , Ni Yongxin , Bao Hongzhe
Published: October 2023

Understanding the changes of sediment concentration (SC) in rivers is of
great significance for correctly evaluating the effectiveness of soil
and water conservation measures. By comparing the variation of SC in a
typical watershed at the multi-year and the flood event scale, as well
as the field investigations of sediment retained in check dams during a
heavy rain in the Loess Hilly Area, the effect of check dams on SC were
analyzed in this paper. Results showed that the check dam retained 56%
of the eroded sediment in the watershed during the heavy rain on July
26, 2017, and greatly reduced the sediment transport to the downstream.
Under the heavy rain condition, the slope measures (afforestation,
grassing and terraces) had limited effect on reducing sediment yield,
and can not stop the occurrence of hyperconcentrated flow. The average
SC of runoff in the dam-controlled catchments was 438 kg/m
, while it was only 148 kg/m at
the watershed outlet. The gully measures (check dams) played an
important role in altering the characteristic of hyperconcentrated flow
at the outlet of the watershed. In order to control the transport of
hyperconcentrated flow to the downstream, more attention should be paid
to the construction of check dams while carrying out vegetation
ecological construction in the Loess Hilly Area.
Global active fire risk assessment and fire management decision-making
Authors: Li Wenjun , Li Wenjun , Fan Feifei
Published: October 2023

Global fires are expanding, and it is necessary to establish an active
fire prevention and evaluation system. Among them, active fire risk
assessment is a key part of fire prevention. Based on the Fire
Sensitivity Index (FSI), this paper uses the data of active fire,
population density, NPP, minimum temperature and altitude to evaluate
the active fire risk under the coupling characteristics of the spatial
distribution of different geographical elements and the location of
active fire. At the same time, using the Fire Potential Index model
(FPI), Based on temperature, relative humidity, and vegetation coverage,
assess the potential risk of global active fires under the existing
vegetation distribution. The results show that the regions in high value
FSI are distributed in both temperate and tropical zones, and the
occurrence regions are mainly at middle and low altitudes with
relatively sparse population. The regions in low value of the FPI is
transitioning to the middle value regions, that is, the probability of
active fire occurrence in some regions increases, and the fire risk
increases. Moreover, the regions in high value of the FPI has decreased,
and it is also transitioning to the middle value regions. Even though
the global fire risk assessment results based on the FPI show that the
high-risk regions have decreased, the low-risk areas are gradually
transitioning to the medium-risk regions. In this paper, the global
large-scale research area is divided into several regular grids, and the
spatial expression of the FSI of small-scale active fire occurrence is
realized by optimizing the active fire occurrence risk assessment model.
The results have important implications for active fire management
decision-making.
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Mars South Polar Ice Composition from Spectral Endmember Classification of CRISM Mapping Data
Authors: Cartwright Samuel , Calvin Wendy M. , Seelos Frank , Seelos Kimberly D
Published: October 2023

Multispectral mapping data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging
Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) provide a unique opportunity to
characterize south polar ice deposits at higher spectral sampling,
spatial resolution, or spatiotemporal coverage than previous work. This
new perspective can help to constrain the nature and distribution of
different mixtures of CO ice, HO ice,
and dust that influence the formation, evolution, and preservation of
Mars climate records. We processed 1103 CRISM observations spanning
southern summer of six Mars Years (MY) through a combination of
k-means clustering and random forest classification. Using a set
of 12 spectral endmembers directly tied to previous work with
high-resolution CRISM targeted data, we made a series of temporally
restricted mosaics showing surface spectral variation over time. The
mosaics show the effects of the MY 28 dust storm on the removal of the
seasonal CO ice cap that year and reveal how this
process differed from the years that followed. A mosaic showing residual
ice surfaces displays broad agreement with previous compositional maps
while resolving new details in the distribution of HO
ice-rich material around the periphery of the bright CO
ice cap. By showing how surface composition varies across a broad swath
of the south polar region though time, the endmember set and classified
mosaics produced in this work can provide critical context for future
studies of the dynamic processes that shape south polar ice deposits.
Effects of wind shear and aerosol conditions on the organization of precipitating marine stratocumulus clouds
Authors: Jeong Jong-Hoon , Witte Mikael K , Smalley Mark
Published: October 2023

This study examines how wind shear affects precipitating marine
stratocumulus clouds under different cloud droplet number concentrations
(N). We performed a series of large eddy
simulations (LES) of nocturnal marine stratocumulus clouds using Cloud
Model 1 (CM1). The simulations show that N is
the dominant factor for cloud cellular organization in this cloud regime
rather than wind shear. Low N characterizes the
open cellular structure with a high in-cloud liquid water path (LWP).
When wind shear is increased, the cloud fraction tends to decrease along
with LWP, suggesting the cloud top region is significantly influenced by
the entrainment and mixing of dry air from the free troposphere. We also
examine cold pools in open and closed cellular clouds. Open-cell clouds
produce larger and deeper cold pools compared to closed-cell clouds.
Interestingly, cold pools can exist without surface precipitation and
are produced by evaporation of light precipitation (drizzle) below the
cloud base with weak downdrafts. The evaporation of raindrops and
drizzle play an important role in initiating new convection,
particularly where colliding outflows occur downstream of the cloud.
This secondary convection contributes to the development and maintenance
of the cloud cellular organization and formation.
Unsupervised Learning of Sea Surface Height Interpolation from Multi-variate Simulated Satellite
Authors: Archambault Théo , Filoche Arthur , Charantonis Anastase , Béréziat Dominique , Thiria Sylvie
Published: October 2023

Satellite-based remote sensing missions have revolutionized our
understanding of the Ocean state and dynamics. Among them, spaceborne
altimetry provides valuable measurements of Sea Surface Height (SSH),
which is used to estimate surface geostrophic currents. However, due to
the sensor technology employed, important gaps occur in SSH
observations. Complete SSH maps are produced by the altimetry community
using linear Optimal Interpolations (OI) such as the widely-used Data
Unification and Altimeter Combination System (DUACS). However, OI is
known for producing overly smooth fields and thus misses some
mesostructures and eddies. On the other hand, Sea Surface Temperature
(SST) products have much higher data coverage and SST is physically
linked to geostrophic currents through advection. We design a realistic
twin experiment to emulate the satellite observations of SSH and SST to
evaluate interpolation methods. We introduce a deep learning network
able to use SST information, and a trainable in two settings: one where
we have no access to ground truth during training and one where it is
accessible. Our investigation involves a comparative analysis of the
aforementioned network when trained using either supervised or
unsupervised loss functions. We assess the quality of SSH
reconstructions and further evaluate the network’s performance in terms
of eddy detection and physical properties. We find that it is possible,
even in an unsupervised setting to use SST to improve reconstruction
performance compared to SST-agnostic interpolations. We compare our
reconstructions to DUACS’s and report a decrease of 41\%
in terms of root mean squared error.
Phenotypic Responses of Diverse Maize Inbred Lines In Multiple Abiotic Stress Conditions
Authors: Quinones Alejandra , Murphy Katherine M. , Casto Anna , Gehan Malia , Hirsch Cory D.
Published: October 2023

Global warming poses a substantial threat to food security,
necessitating the development of crops resilient to the adverse effects
of stress including, drought, heat, and their combined impact. To
understand maize responses to individual and combined stress conditions
of drought and heat at early vegetative stages, we did a comprehensive
evaluation of the phenotypic responses of 47 diverse maize inbred lines.
The plants were stressed for 13 days beginning at 7 days after planting,
with heat stress conditions of 38/28°C day/night cycles, and the drought
condition was achieved by reducing the water pot volume from 88 to 40%
over the course of the experiment. The Bellwether Phenotyping Facility,
a high-throughput phenotyping platform, was used to capture daily RGB
images of the plants throughout the experiment. We extracted
morphological and color-related traits from the images, and particular
interest was placed on traits that exhibited high broad-sense
heritability throughout the experiment. This approach allowed for the
collection of a robust dataset of phenotypic responses. Our results
revealed distinct responses among the maize genotypes under different
stress conditions, with the combined drought and heat treatment leading
to the most severe impairments in plant height and leaf area. To gain
further insights, we applied a time series analysis to the extracted
traits and created groups with dynamically-similar response patterns.
This research is foundational for understanding maize stress responses
to heat and drought conditions and will inform future work towards
identifying important genes and molecular mechanisms, particularly in
the context of combined stressors.
Modern aspects of central nervous system damage in patients with HIV infection (literature review)
Authors: Kapustin D. V. , Krasnova E. I. , Khokhlova N. I. , Shishkova O. M. , Pozdnyakova L. L.
Published: October 2023

The literature review highlights modern ideas about the pathogenesis, pathomorphology, and clinical manifestations of central nervous system damage in patients with HIV infection, and also touches on the problems of diagnosis and treatment of these opportunistic infections. Particular attention should be paid to patients with severe immunodeficiency (CD4+T-lymphocyte count < 200 cl/ml) due to the high risk of secondary diseases of the central nervous system. Along with the etiological verification of opportunistic diseases of the central nervous system, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is important at the initial stage of diagnosis, with the help of which it is possible to identify changes in the brain substance characteristic of certain pathogens. In addition to the basic etiotropic therapy of opportunistic infections in HIV patients, effective antiretroviral therapy and its index of penetration into the central nervous system play a crucial role.
Fatty Acids Increase GDF15 and Reduce Food Intake Through a GFRAL Signaling Axis
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Jabile Maria Joy Therese , Lu Junfeng , Townsend Logan K. , Valvano Celina M. , Gautam Jaya , Batchuluun Battsetseg , Tsakiridis Evangelia E. , Lally James S.V. , Steinberg Gregory R.
Published: October 2023

In contrast to the well-defined biological feedback loops controlling glucose, the mechanisms by which the body responds to changes in fatty acid availability are less clearly defined. Growth differentiating factor 15 (GDF15) suppresses the consumption of diets high in fat but is paradoxically increased in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. Given this interrelationship, we investigated whether diets high in fat could directly increase GDF15 independently of obesity. We found that fatty acids increase GDF15 levels dose dependently, with the greatest response observed with linolenic acid. GDF15 mRNA expression was modestly increased in the gastrointestinal tract; however, kidney GDF15 mRNA was ∼1,000-fold higher and was increased by more than threefold, with subsequent RNAscope analysis showing elevated expression within the cortex and outer medulla. Treatment of wild-type mice with linolenic acid reduced food intake and body mass; however, this effect disappeared in mice lacking the GDF15 receptor GFRAL. An equal caloric load of glucose did not suppress food intake or reduce body mass in either wild-type or GFRAL-knockout mice. These data indicate that fatty acids such as linolenic acid increase GDF15 and suppress food intake through a mechanism requiring GFRAL. These data suggest that a primary physiological function of GDF15 may be as a fatty acid sensor designed to protect cells from fatty acid overload.

Article Highlights

The mechanisms by which the body responds to changes in fatty acid availability are less clearly defined. We investigated whether diets high in fat could directly increase growth differentiating factor 15 (GDF15) independently of obesity. Fatty acids increase GDF15 and reduce food intake through a GFRAL signaling axis. GDF15 is a sensor of fatty acids that may have important implications for explaining increased satiety after consumption of diets high in fat.