bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel technique for nipple reduction surgery: the tripod wedge resection method
Authors: Choi Young-Soo , You Hi-Jin , Lee Tae-Yul , Kim Deok-Woo
Published: July 2021

Nipple size varies from person to person, but having a large nipple, or macrothelia, can be a concern for some women; therefore, some surgical methods have been developed for the reduction of nipple size. Conventional surgical methods for nipple reduction are classified into two types according to their purpose: reduction of length and reduction of diameter. For reduction of length, soft tissue is resected (except the central supplying vessel) and shortened by circumferential repair. The disadvantage of this method is possible necrosis of the nipple and impairment of the lactiferous duct. For reduction of diameter, a wedge-shaped resection is done from side to center and the defect is covered by a local advancement flap. The disadvantage of this method is the locally focused tension line, which is associated with unfavorable aesthetic outcomes. In this article, we present a case involving a novel method of nipple reduction surgery, referred to as the tripod wedge resection technique, which has three benefits compared to conventional nipple reduction surgery: simultaneous reduction of both length and diameter, relative safety for the vasculature and lactiferous duct, and an evenly tensioned incision line.
Moral Competence and Foundations of Moral Judgment. An Empirical Exploration of Concepts and New Possibilities for Understanding
Authors: Popoveniuc Bogdan
Published: July 2021

The present study examines the relation between the moral intuitions proposed by the ‘Moral Foundations Theory’ according to J. Haidt and the moral orientations in relation with moral competence, as described by the ‘Dual-Aspect Model of Moral Behaviour’ according to G. Lind.It is an empirical exploration of the relation between the five foundational domains (and/or the corresponding two higher-order clusters) and the moral orientations, as this results from the theoretical assumptions of both theories, and the influence on and of the moral competence on these aforementioned relations. The shared affective and, at the same time, habitual characteristics of moral intuitions and moral orientations, although based on different theories (intuitionism, respectively, cognitivism) should converge in a dynamic relationship. The basic motivation is the need to overcome the affective-cognitive disjunction in the study of moral judgment, which is artificial. The human (moral) reasoning is always a situated and situating one, in a symbolic narrative universe, in which the cognitive-affective dichotomy forms a dynamic unity. This overstated dichotomy is only a methodological necessity, but unfortunately hypostasized in an explanatory mechanism that leads to the impermissible simplification of the phenomenon that it seeks to understand.The empirical results confirm the limits of both cognitive and intuitions paradigms and advocates for a more nuanced and dynamic approach in understanding the moral judgment within a more comprehensive conception on human personality. Finally, the implications for the contemporary psychology’ paradigm are discussed.
FİNANSAL PİYASALAR VE RİSK ALGISI: TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ŞAK Nazan
Published: July 2021

CDS, ülke ya da piyasalar için riskin ölçülmesinde kullanılan önemli bir göstergedir. Bu çalışmada CDS primi değişkeni ile USD, EURO, CALTIN, BİSTSANAYİ ve aktif tahvil endeksi (ATE) değişkenleri arasındaki ilişki, Diks ve Panchenko (2006) doğrusal olmayan nedensellik testi ve Fourier Toda Yamamoto nedensellik testi ile araştırılmıştır. Analiz sonucu, Diks ve Panchenko (2006) testine göre CDS ile BİST SANAYİ endeksi ve EURO değişkenleri arasında herhangi bir doğrusal olmayan nedensellik ilişkisi bulunamamıştır. Test sonuçları, CDS’den aktif tahvil endeksine (ATE) 5. Gecikmede; CALTIN değişkeninden CDS’e doğru ise, 1, 2 ve 7. gecikme düzeyinde doğrusal olmayan bir ilişkinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, 7.ve 8. gecikmede CDS değerleri USD değerlerinin, 2. ve 3. gecikmelerde USD değerleri CDS’in doğrusal olmayan nedeni olarak belirlenmiştir. Fourier Toda Yamamoto testine göre ise, CDS primleri ile Aktif Tahvil Endeksi (ATE) arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda, BİSTSANAYİ endeksi, USD, EURO ve CALTIN değişkenlerinden CDS’e doğru tek taraflı nedensellik olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
DÖVİZ KURU OYNAKLIĞININ MARKOV REJİM DEĞİŞİM YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ŞENOL Zekai
Published: July 2021

Döviz kurları, yatırımcılar, işletmeler, portföy yöneticileri, risk yöneticileri ve ekonomi yönetimleri açısından önemli bir finansal göstergedir. Bu bakımdan, döviz kurlarının belirleyicileri, döviz kurlarının tahmini ve modellenmesi birçok araştırmacı tarafından bugüne kadar incelenmiştir. Ancak ABD Doları ($) / Türk Lirası (₺) döviz kurunun rejim dönüşüm yöntemiyle incelenmesi henüz tespit edilememiştir. Birden fazla rejimli modellerin tek modellere göre daha doğru sonuçlar verdiği araştırmalarda görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada döviz kuru oynaklığının Markov Rejim Dönüşüm yöntemiyle incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 4 Ocak 2010 – 13 Eylül 2019 dönemine ait ABD Doları ($)/Türk Lirası (₺) döviz kuru günlük verilerinden elde edilen getiri serileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, döviz kurunun 2 farklı rejimde modellendiğini, 1. Rejimin yüksek oynaklık, 2. Rejimin düşük oynaklık rejimi olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, çalışmada rejim 1’in süresinin rejim 2’den daha kısa olduğu, faiz oranlarının döviz kurunu rejim 1’de etkilediği, petrolün her iki rejimde de döviz kurunu etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, portföy yöneticileri, yatırımcılar ve risk yöneticilerinin yüksek oynaklık rejimi olan 1. rejime dikkat etmeleri, ekonomi yönetimlerinin ise yüksek oynaklık rejiminde oynaklığı azaltıcı nitelikte faiz politikası belirlemeleri gerektiği söylenebilir.
TFRS-9 FİNANSAL ARAÇLAR STANDARDININ PORTFÖY YÖNETİMİ ŞİRKETLERİNİN FİNANSAL TABLOLARINA ETKİSİNİ MUHASEBENİN ÖNEMLİLİK KAVRAMI ÇERÇEVESİNDE VAKA ÇALIŞMASI İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: TELCİ Alim
Published: July 2021

TFRS 9 standartı, ilk ortaya çıktığı günden beri toplum ihtiyaçlarına göre gelişme göstermiş olan muhasebe biliminin finansal araçların muhasebeleştirilmesi ile ilgili olarak ulaştığı son noktadır. 1 Ocak 2018 tarihinden itibaren TFRS 9 standartı TMS 39’un yerini alarak finansal varlık ve yükümlülüklerin nasıl sınıflandırılacağına, ölçüleceğine, bilanço dışına alınacağına ve riskten korunma muhasebesine rehberlik etmeye başlamıştır. Türkiye’de finansal sektörün küçük bölümünü oluşturan Portföy Yönetim Şirketleri de TFRS 9’u 2018 yılından itibaren finansal raporlarında titizlikle uygulamıştır. Çalışmanın temel amacı TFRS 9 uygulamasının Portföy Yönetim Şirketlerinin finansal tablolarında önemli bir etki yaratıp yaratmayacağını incelerken bu değerlendirmeyi bir vaka analizi çerçevesinde muhasebenin önemlilik kavramı üzerinde şekillendirmektir. Çalışmadaki vaka analizi sonucunda TFRS 9 uygulamasıyla ortaya çıkan kredi karşılığı zararının şirketin finansal raporlarına olan etkisinin muhasebenin önemlilik kavramı paralelinde önemsenmeyecek seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma TFRS 9’un etkisinin önemsizliğinin nedenini ilgili şirketlerin uyum göstermekle yükümlü oldukları Sermaye Piyasası Kanunu ve ilişkili tebliğlerin düzenlemelerine dayandırmaktadır.
HAVACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE SPESİFİK FİNANSAL ORANLAR: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ HAVAYOLU ŞİRKETLERİ ÜZERİNE ANALİZ VE DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: KÖSE Yaşar
Published: July 2021

Türk Sivil Havacılık Sektöründe yer alan iki önemli havayolu şirketi olan THY A.O ve Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı

A.Ş stratejileri farklı da olsa, bu şirketler rekabet gücünü koruyabilmek için gelirlerini artırma, maliyetlerini

en aza indirme çabasındadırlar. Bu çalışmanın ilk aşamasında Türk Sivil Havayolu sektöründe yer alan

Türk Hava Yolları A.Ş.ve Pegasus A.Ş.’nin 2014 ile 2019 yılları arasında 6 yıllık verileri şirketlerin ilgili yıllarda

faaliyet rapor ve faaliyet tablo verileri kullanılarak, çalışmada konu edilen oranlar analiz edilerek hesaplanmış ve

ulaşılan bulgular yorumlanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında elde edilen bu veriler TOPSİS

(Tecnique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş ve belirtilen iki havayolu

taşımacılık şirketinin finansal performansı analiz edilmiş, değerlendirilerek yorumlanmıştır. Sadece geleneksel

finansal oran analizi yerine, günümüzde Havayolu Taşımacılık Sektöründe yapılan analizlerde olduğu

gibi, özel finansal oranlar yolu ile Havayolu şirketlerin analiz edilmesi çalışmayı literatürde yer alan diğer çalışmalardan

ayırmakta ve önemini artırmaktadır. Çalışmada yapılan analizin ilk bölümünde, araştırmaya konu

olan havayolu şirketlerinin özel finansal oranları 2014-2019 yılları periyodunda, oluşturulan tablolar ve grafikler

yardımıyla ortaya konulmuştur. Yapılan analizde 2014-2019 yılları arasında THY A.O. ve Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı

A.Ş.’nin performans verileri hesaplanarak analiz edilmiştir. THY A.O.’nın spesifik finansal oranlar

olarak adlandırılan temel olarak CASK ve RASK değerleri incelen yıllarda, Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı A.Ş.’nin

değerlerinden daha yüksek seyrettiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada yapılan analizin ikinci bölümünde, yine aynı zaman

periyodunda incelenen iki havayolu şirketinin tespit edilmiş öne çıkan 7 adet özel finansal oranı kullanılarak

TOPSİS yöntemi yoluyla şirketlerin analizi yapılmıştır. TOPSİS yöntemine göre kullanılan veriler esas alınarak

THY A.O. çalışmanın birinci aşamasına benzer şekilde Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı A.Ş.’ye göre finansal

açıdan daha başarılı olarak belirlenmiştir.
Hyers-Ulam stability of isometries on bounded domains
Authors: Jung Soon-Mo
Published: July 2021

More than 20 years after Fickett attempted to prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of isometries defined on bounded subsets of

R

n

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}

in 1981, Alestalo et al. [Isometric approximation, Israel J. Math. 125 (2001), 61–82] and Väisälä [Isometric approximation property in Euclidean spaces, Israel J. Math. 128 (2002), 127] improved Fickett’s theorem significantly. In this paper, we will improve Fickett’s theorem by proving the Hyers-Ulam stability of isometries defined on bounded subsets of

R

n

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}

using a more intuitive and more efficient approach that differs greatly from the methods used by Alestalo et al. and Väisälä.
Nanosystem’s density functional theory study of the chlorine adsorption on the Fe(100) surface
Authors: Saraireh Sherin A. , Altarawneh Mohammednoor , Tarawneh Mouad A.
Published: July 2021

This contribution investigates chlorine (Cl) interaction with the Fe(100) surface, with a focus on governing adsorption energies and geometrical features at the nanoscale using the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The Cl/Fe(100) system can be considered as a building block to create nanosystems with specific and desired electronic, material, mechanical, or environmental properties. We report adsorption energies, surface relaxations. and buckling distances for Cl adsorbed as a function of Cl coverage. The computational DFT framework employs a vdW-DF functional with coverages varying from 0.25 to 1 ML. Adsorption at a bridge site with coverage of 0.5 ML appears to be the most preferred site, with an adsorption energy of −4.44 eV. For all coverages, Cl adsorption at the bridge and hollow sites incurs slightly higher adsorption energies than adsorption at the top (T) site. The potential energy surface (PES) for the dissociation of a Cl molecule over the Fe(100) surface was calculated. Dissociative adsorption of the Cl molecule on Fe(100) ensues via a modest activation barrier of only 0.58 eV in a noticeably exothermic reaction of 2.94 eV. In agreement with experimental observations, the work function decreases upon Cl addition in reference to the clean iron surface. The electronic interaction between Cl and the Fe(100) surface was examined by calculating the differential charge density distribution of the most stable structure (B-0.5 ML). The vdW-DF interactions increase the adsorption energies and reduce the equilibrium distances when compared with the corresponding results from plain DFT.
Bracketing Paradoxes resolved
Authors: Newell Heather
Published: July 2021

Bracketing Paradoxes (BPs) have been the subject of many different analyses since the 1970s. Each of these analyses have included BP-specific machinery to account for the apparent mismatch between the syntactico-semantic and morpho-phonological structures argued to be necessary for a complete analysis of this phenomenon. This article proposes that independently necessary operations and structures in the morpho-syntactic and phonological modules allow for an analysis of BPs that avoids postulating ad-hoc tools. Specifically, a system that includes cyclic (phasal) interpretation of the morpho-syntax in combination with a flat (CVCV) phonological framework avoids the emergence of paradoxical structures altogether. The discussion therefore includes both current morpho-syntactic and phonological analyses of each construction proposed to give rise to a BP; comparatives (unhappier), Level-ordering BPs (ungrammaticality), Phrasal BPs (modular grammarian), Compound BPs (particle physicist), Particle-verbs (podžëg‘set fire’ [Russian]), and Reduplicated BPs (kwíita-kwíita‘to pour a bit’ [Kihehe]). The proposal that a flat phonological framework is key in avoiding the paradoxical nature of BPs has implications for the correct structure of phonological representations generally.
The Effect of Loading Direction on Slip and Twinning in an Irradiated Zirconium Alloy
Authors: Thomas Rhys , Lunt David , Atkinson Michael D. , Quinta da Fonseca João , Preuss Michael , Barton Fiona , O'Hanlon James , Frankel Philipp
Published: July 2021

In this study, deformation experiments together with high-resolution digital image correlation were used to quantify the effect of proton irradiation on strain localization in Zircaloy-4 loaded along the rolling and transverse directions. Significant increases in strain heterogeneity were measured in the irradiated material compared to the nonirradiated material. This was a result of confinement of slip to channels in the irradiated material, which contain high effective shear strain values, with almost no strain in the regions between channels. The active slip systems in the material were also determined by comparing experimental slip trace angles from high-resolution digital image correlation with theoretical slip trace angles determined using grain orientation from electron backscatter diffraction. An increased amount of pyramidal and wavy basal slip, as well as tension twinning, were observed in the sample loaded along the transverse direction, compared to the sample loaded along the rolling direction, due to crystallographic texture. No significant change in slip system activity was observed as a result of 0.1 dpa proton irradiation, despite the dramatic change in slip pattern. The findings provide further insight into the role of irradiation on deformation behavior and provide quantitative data on slip system activation, for as-received and irradiated Zircaloy-4, against which to validate models.
Deformation Mechanisms of Zirconium Alloys after Irradiation Studied by Dislocation Dynamics Simulations and In Situ Straining Experiments in TEM
Authors: Onimus Fabien , Dupuy Laurent , Gaumé Marine , Kassem Wassim , Mompiou Frederic
Published: July 2021

Zirconium alloys, used in the nuclear industry, are subjected to neutron irradiation that affects their mechanical properties. At the microscopic scale, neutron irradiation creates small dislocation loops that act as obstacles against dislocation glide, explaining the irradiation hardening. Transmission electron microscopy observations performed after post-irradiation mechanical tests have shown that loops are swept out by gliding dislocations, creating thin zones free of defects. Observations have proven that slip occurs preferably in the basal plane, a puzzling fact as dislocations mainly glide in the prismatic plane in unirradiated conditions. In order to understand this phenomenon, discrete dislocation dynamics (DD) simulations, on complex configurations, have been performed. The input parameters of this code have been adjusted on molecular dynamics simulations. Then interactions between loops and mixed dislocations gliding either in the prismatic or basal plane have been simulated. These simulations show that prismatic glide is always impeded in the mixed-screw direction, whereas for basal slip, clearing or a weak interaction occurs in the mixed-screw direction, allowing an easy glide of basal dislocations. Furthermore, all three basal systems can contribute to clearing in the basal plane contrary to prismatic slip. These two reasons explain the easy basal glide and clearing of loops after irradiation. Moreover, in situ straining experiments inside a transmission electron microscopy have been conducted on ion-irradiated recrystallized Zircaloy-4. Several interactions between dislocations and loops have been observed in situ. The DD code has been used to simulate these interactions. A fair agreement is obtained between simulations and experiments, showing the relevance of the DD numerical tool.
The Creation of ZIRAT
Authors: Rudling Peter
Published: July 2021

This paper is a short history of the development of the ZIRAT (ZIRconium Alloy Technology) program, which provides education and consultation to the international nuclear industry.
In VivoCalcium Imaging of CA3 Pyramidal Neuron Populations in Adult Mouse Hippocampus
Authors: Schoenfeld Gwendolin , Carta Stefano , Rupprecht Peter , Ayaz Aslı , Helmchen Fritjof
Published: July 2021

Neuronal population activity in the hippocampal CA3 subfield is implicated in cognitive brain functions such as memory processing and spatial navigation. However, because of its deep location in the brain, the CA3 area has been difficult to target with modern calcium imaging approaches. Here, we achieved chronic two-photon calcium imaging of CA3 pyramidal neurons with the red fluorescent calcium indicator R-CaMP1.07 in anesthetized and awake mice. We characterize CA3 neuronal activity at both the single-cell and population level and assess its stability across multiple imaging days. During both anesthesia and wakefulness, nearly all CA3 pyramidal neurons displayed calcium transients. Most of the calcium transients were consistent with a high incidence of bursts of action potentials (APs), based on calibration measurements using simultaneous juxtacellular recordings and calcium imaging. In awake mice, we found state-dependent differences with striking large and prolonged calcium transients during locomotion. We estimate that trains of >30 APs over 3 s underlie these salient events. Their abundance in particular subsets of neurons was relatively stable across days. At the population level, we found that co-activity within the CA3 network was above chance level and that co-active neuron pairs maintained their correlated activity over days. Our results corroborate the notion of state-dependent spatiotemporal activity patterns in the recurrent network of CA3 and demonstrate that at least some features of population activity, namely co-activity of cell pairs and likelihood to engage in prolonged high activity, are maintained over days.
Learning-Induced Shifts in Mice Navigational Strategies Are Unveiled by a Minimal Behavioral Model of Spatial Exploration
Authors: Vallianatou Christina-Anna , Alonso Alejandra , Aleman Adrian Zapata , Genzel Lisa , Stella Federico
Published: July 2021

Shifts in spatial patterns produced during the execution of a navigational task can be used to track the effects of the accumulation of knowledge and the acquisition of structured information about the environment. Here, we provide a quantitative analysis of mice behavior while performing a novel goal localization task in a large, modular arena, the HexMaze. To demonstrate the effects of different forms of previous knowledge we first obtain a precise statistical characterization of animals’ paths with sub-trial resolution and over different phases of learning. The emergence of a flexible representation of the task is accompanied by a progressive improvement of performance, mediated by multiple, multiplexed time scales. We then use a generative mathematical model of the animal behavior to isolate the specific contributions to the final navigational strategy. We find that animal behavior can be accurately reproduced by the combined effect of a goal-oriented component, becoming stronger with the progression of learning, and of a random walk component, producing choices unrelated to the task and only partially weakened in time.
Influence of anthropogenic nutrient inputs on rates of coastal ocean nitrogen and carbon cycling in the Southern California Bight, United States
Authors: McLaughlin Karen , Howard Meredith D. A. , Robertson George , Beck Carly D. A. , Ho Minna , Kessouri Fayçal , Nezlin Nikolay P. , Sutula Martha , Weisberg Stephen B.
Published: July 2021

Coastal nitrogen enrichment is a global environmental problem that can influence acidification, deoxygenation, and subsequent habitat loss in ways that can be synergistic with global climate change impacts. In the Southern California Bight, an eastern boundary upwelling system, modeling of wastewater discharged through ocean outfalls has shown that it effectively doubles nitrogen loading to urban coastal waters. However, effects of wastewater outfalls on rates of primary production and respiration, key processes through which coastal acidification and deoxygenation are manifested, have not been directly linked to observed trends in ambient chlorophyll a, oxygen, or pH. Here, we follow a “reference-area” approach and compare nutrient concentrations and rates of nitrification, primary production, and respiration observed in areas within treated wastewater effluent plumes to areas spatially distant from ocean outfalls where we expected minimal plume influence. We document that wastewater nutrient inputs had an immediate, local effect on nutrient stoichiometry, elevating ammonium and nitrite concentrations by 4 µM and 0.2 µM (on average), respectively, and increasing dissolved nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios 7-fold within the plume. Chlorophyll a increased slightly by 1 µg L–1 in the upper 60 m of the water column (on average), and δ13C and δ15 N of suspended particulate matter, an integrated measure of primary production, increased by 1.3% and 1%, respectively (on average). Nitrification rates within the plume increased by 17 nmol L–1 day–1 (on average). We did not observe a significant near-plume effect on δ18O and δ15 N of dissolved nitrate + nitrite, an indicator of nitrogen assimilation into biomass, on rates of primary production and respiration or on dissolved oxygen concentration, suggesting that any potential impact from wastewater on these key features is moderated by other factors, notably water mass mixing. These results indicate that a “reference-area” approach may be insufficient to document regional-scale impacts of nutrients.
Beyond Bourdieu
Authors: Kanjilal Sucharita
Published: July 2021

Both tomatoes and recipes are relatively recent British imports to the Indian subcontinent. Neither was commonly used by locals in the region until the late 1940s. Yet in less than a hundred years, the tomato has become an everyday ingredient in the Indian pantry, and Indian cookbook writing and food blogging has become a multimillion dollar industry. This essay explores the rapid incorporation of the tomato as a staple crop in the Indian culinary lexicon and the ready acceptance of the recipe as a modern technology of food preparation in the twentieth century. The two historical examples allow us to examine how taste is produced, and how it endures and shifts in new cultural contexts and geographies. In doing so, the essay expands extant theories of taste beyond the common frameworks of social aesthetics and cultural capital to consider additionally taste’s imbrication with mediation and affect.
Rice Cultures of Bengal
Authors: Deb Debal
Published: July 2021

An estimated 15,000 folk landraces of rice are reported to have been cultivated in undivided Bengal in the 1940s. With the advent of the Green Revolution, a handful of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) replaced, and continue to replace, thousands of traditional farmer varieties (also called “landraces”). In the 1970s, the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute documented a total of 12,479 names, including synonyms. In West Bengal, the recorded number of landraces cultivated before the 1970s is 5,556 (Deb 2005, 2019a). Most of these old landraces of Bengal, from both sides of the international border, are now available in only a few gene banks, no longer cultivated in the region. The loss of the thousands of rice landraces from farm fields entails the erosion of a vast body of folk knowledge pertaining to the distinctive properties of different varieties, derangement of local food cultures, and food insecurity for poor and marginal farmers, who no longer have the stock of landraces fine-tuned to local soil and climatic conditions, nor are able to buy the costly inputs. Just as the traditional rice fabric of the Philippines has disappeared with the extinction of the special rice variety that yielded the fiber, many of the culinary delicacies and the cultural significance of many rituals have vanished with the disappearance of special rice varieties throughout Bengal. Moreover, the loss of traditional knowledge associated with folk rice varieties, together with the abolition of the tradition of seed exchange within communities, has disintegrated the communitarian ethos among Bengali farmers, who are now dependent on external agencies for the supply of seeds, machinery, and knowledge.
Assessment of Cell Toxicity and Oxidation Catalytic Activity of Nanosized Zinc-doped Ceria UV Filter
Authors: Kurajica Stanislav , Mužina Katarina , Keser Sabina , Dražić Goran , Munda Ivana Katarina
Published: July 2021

The abundance of cerium in natural resources, its ability to absorb UV light while being transparent to visible light, as well as low photocatalytic activity make ceria (CeO2) a promising candidate for UV filter material in sunscreens. Doping with different elements can further decrease ceria catalytic and photocatalytic activity, thus preventing the

degradation of other sunscreen ingredients. In this work, pure and zinc-doped ceria

nanoparticles were prepared by a simple and environmentally benign hydrothermal synthesis, and characterized using various techniques. Fine ceria and doped ceria nanoparticles with particle sizes of 6.1±0.9 and 4.2±0.4 nm were prepared. In both samples, cubic ceria was the only crystalline phase, but the homogeneous distribution of zinc in the doped sample was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Nanoparticles exhibited transparency in the visible region and absorbance in the UV region with band gap of 3.23 to 3.14 eV for pure and doped sample, respectively. The oxidation stability time, determined through Castor oil oxidation process, was 23 hours for the pure and 15 hours for the doped sample, which is quite satisfactory. In vitro cytotoxicity study showed that the prepared nanoparticles were well tolerated by human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) with no significant differences in skin cells viability. However, further investigations on in vivo systems are necessary to reach a firm conclusion regarding the toxicity of ceria and doped ceria nanoparticles, and other potential dopants should be considered for improvement of ceria properties.
Chili Plant Classification using Transfer Learning models through Object Detection
Authors: Abdul Manan Amirul Asyraf , Mohd Razman Mohd Azraai , Mohd Khairuddin Ismail , Shapiee Muhammad Nur Aiman
Published: July 2021

This study presents an application of using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based detector to detect chili and its leaves in the chili plant image. Detecting chili on its plant is essential for the development of robotic vision and monitoring. Thus, helps us supervise the plant growth, furthermore, analyses their productivity and quality. This paper aims to develop a system that can monitor and identify bird’s eye chili plants by implementing machine learning. First, the development of methodology for efficient detection of bird’s eye chili and its leaf was made. A dataset of a total of 1866 images after augmentation of bird’s eye chili and its leaf was used in this experiment. YOLO Darknet was implemented to train the dataset. After a series of experiments were conducted, the model is compared with other transfer learning models like YOLO Tiny, Faster R-CNN, and EfficientDet. The classification performance of these transfer learning models has been calculated and compared with each other. The experimental result shows that the Yolov4 Darknet model achieves mAP of 75.69%, followed by EfficientDet at 71.85% for augmented dataset.
Dictating Selectivity in the Catalytic Vapor-Phase Conversion of Glycerol
Authors: Cristina Della Pina , Ermelinda Falletta , Michele Rossi
Published: July 2021

A viable route for the vapor-phase conversion of glycerol into value-added chemicals is herein presented. This procedure allows to dictate selectivity towards hydroxyacetone (acetol) or methylglyoxal (pyruvaldehyde) by simply tuning the experimental conditions while retaining the same catalytic system. A series of gold- and copper-based catalysts supported on gamma-alumina, including bimetallic formulations, were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and tested in a continuous-flow fixed-bed vertical glass reactor at ambient pressure and T = 250-300°C. The best performance was achieved with 1%wt Au/Al2O3. Accordingly, the selectivity could be directed to acetol (sel. 72%) at 87% conversion when performing the reaction at 300°C and adding H2 to the carrier N2, or towards pyruvaldehyde (sel. 79%) at 92% conversion when adding O2 to N2 at 250°C. These relatively mild conditions not only allow for energy savings with respect to the common procedures so far reported, but also for catalyst stability that can be easily regenerated after use. Furthermore, the low metal loading in the catalyst (1% wt) and its small amount requested for each test (0.1 g catalyst) make this procedure economically sustainable.
Ceftazidime – Avibactam susceptibility among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in a pilot study in Turkey
Authors: Ozger Hasan Selcuk , Evren Ebru , Yildiz Serap Suzuk , Erol Cigdem , Bayrakdar Fatma , Azap Ozlem , Azap Alpay , Senol Esin
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to detect carbapenemase genes and to determine the in vitro susceptibility of Ceftazidime-Avibactam (CZA) in Enterobacterales isolates. Carbapenemase genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. CZA sensitivity of isolates was evaluated with broth microdilution (BMD) and disk diffusion methods. A total of 318 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates were included. Most of the isolates (n = 290, 91.2%) were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. The most common carbapenemase type was OXA-48 (n = 82, 27.6%). CZA susceptibility was evaluated in 84 isolates with OXA-48 and KPC carbapenemase activity. Both BMD and disk diffusion methods revealed that 95.2% of the isolates were sensitive to CZA; whereas, 4 (4.76%) isolates were resistant to CZA. Among colistin resistant isolates, 96.5% (n = 80) of them were susceptible to CZA. Our study demonstrated high in vitro efficacy of CZA in Enterobacterales isolates producing OXA-48 carbapenemase. High susceptibility rates against colistin resistant isolates which generally are also pan drug resistant, makes CZA a promising therapeutic choice for difficult-to-treat infections. Due to its high correlation with the BMD, disk diffusion method is a suitable and more practical method in detecting CZA in vitro activity.
When the work of academic developers branches out: Considering trade-offs as an inherent part of practice
Authors: Toft Henriksen Lise , Stær Eskesen Lea
Published: July 2021

This article investigates how introducing new activities to the practice of academic development can influence and challenge both the academic developers and the Centres for Teaching and Learning (CTL). By applying Wenger's (1998) Communities of Practice, (part of) the practice of the academic developers is conceptualised as exercising collegial relationships. An empirical investigation in the context of a CTL at a Scandinavian university illustrates possibilities for learning and growth of the CTL, as well as how exercising collegial relationships is being challenged when the work of the academic developers branches out. The article concludes that trade-offs are not only an inherent part of practice, but also an aspect of practice that calls for continuous attention.
Problematic social media use is associated with the evaluation of both risk and ambiguity during decision making
Authors: Meshi Dar , Freestone David , Özdem-Mertens Ceylan
Published: July 2021

Background and aims

People can engage in excessive, maladaptive use of social media platforms. This problematic social media use mirrors substance use disorders with regard to symptoms and certain behavioral situations. For example, individuals with substance use disorders demonstrate aberrations in risk evaluations during decision making, and initial research on problematic social media use has revealed similar findings. However, these results concerning problematic social media use have been clouded by tasks that involve learning and that lack a clear demarcation between risky and ambiguous decision making. Therefore, we set out to specifically determine the relationship between problematic social media use and decision making under both risk and ambiguity, in the absence of learning.

Methods

We assessed each participant's (N = 90) self-reported level of problematic social media use. We then had them perform the wheel of fortune task, which has participants make choices between a sure option or either a risky or ambiguous gamble. In this way, the task isolates decisions made under risk and ambiguity, and avoids trial-to-trial learning. Results: We found that the greater an individual's problematic social media use, the more often that individual choses high-risk gambles or ambiguous gambles, regardless of the degree of ambiguity.

Discussion and conclusions

Our findings indicate that greater problematic social media use is related to a greater affinity for high-risk situations and overall ambiguity. These findings have implications for the field, specifically clarifying and extending the extant literature, as well as providing future avenues for research.
The impact of COVID-19 on church gatherings in the Philippines: a policy analysis
Authors: Malolos Grace Zurielle , Obnial Joseph Christian , Mallillin Rena , Pasco Pamela Bianca , Ong Erika , Andes Arianne , Ann Apat Faith , Aportadera Emma Teresa Carmela , Valencia Rafael , Eliseo III Lucero-Prisnog Don
Published: July 2021

The Philippines is the largest Christian-majority country in Asia. With church gatherings playing a vital role in the nature of Christianity in the Filipino culture, the advent of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the Philippines posed challenges to public religious practices amid efforts to mitigate COVID-19 community transmission. Various policy pronouncements from both the government-led Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) on Emerging Diseases and the church-led Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) were issued. These guidelines were implemented in order to address the two-pronged problem on healthcare and religious obligations. While these guidelines were initially contributory to the mitigation of disease transmission, varied compliance by Filipinos was observed through the progression of the pandemic. Considering the value that church gatherings and religion play in the lives of the Filipino people, further studies on COVID-19 transmission in the church should be conducted in order to develop more efficient policies and guidelines on the practice of religion, particularly for religious gatherings. Furthermore, a more synergistic state and church cooperation must be encouraged in order to arrive at solutions that will mutually address the concomitant problems of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Anterior abdominal wall abscess secondary to spontaneous rupture of liver abscess in a resource-limited, rural, surgical setting: A case report
Authors: Dsouza Royson , Rao Mrudula , Vanjare Harshad Arvind , Rymbai Manbha
Published: July 2021

Liver abscess continues to be a major surgical burden in low-and mid-low-income countries like India. Spontaneous rupture into the anterior abdominal wall is an uncommon presentation of pyogenic liver abscess. A 53-year-old diabetic female presented with acute pain in the right, upper quadrant of the abdomen. On examination, she had an anterior abdominal wall abscess with tender hepatomegaly. On further evaluation with ultrasonography and plain computed tomography, a diagnosis of liver abscess in the right lobe with rupture into the anterior abdominal wall was made. She was treated successfully in a tribal secondary care hospital with an ultrasound-guided aspiration followed by surgical drainage under local anesthesia. This case report highlights that a considerable number of patients with liver abscess and its complications can be appropriately managed in resource-limited, rural, surgical centers.
Carcinoma of the breast in low resource setting: a surgical case series from rural India
Authors: Dsouza Royson , Jacob Anish , Rao Mrudula , Menon Nandakumar
Published: July 2021

The burden of breast cancer has been on the rise world over and has become the most common cancer among women in urban India and the second most common cancer in rural women after carcinoma cervix. There is a considerable delay in presentation, associated with a lack of access to adequate and timely surgical intervention. Consequently, most patients present to tertiary care centers in advanced or inoperable stages. Many subsets of these patients can be managed adequately in resource-limited rural surgical centers. In this series of patients diagnosed with carcinoma breast, we have outlined comprehensive management possible in resource-constrained settings. The challenges in adhering to the standard of care and strategies to overcome these limitations have been discussed with a relevant review of the literature.
O Planejamento de Tarefas de Geometria e a Mobilização do Conhecimento Profissional Docente
Authors: Gumiero Bárbara Silva , Pazuch Vinícius
Published: July 2021

Resumo: O planejamento de tarefas, uma das atribuições do professor, suscita a mobilização de conhecimentos. Neste artigo, o objetivo é compreender as dimensões do conhecimento do professor que constituem o planejamento de tarefas sobre conceitos geométricos. Para tanto, organizou-se um grupo com características colaborativas, onde quatro tarefas de geometria foram planejadas colaborativamente. As discussões realizadas no grupo foram analisadas a partir do Knowledge Quartet, uma ferramenta teórica de análise composta por quatro dimensões do conhecimento, entre elas o fundamento, principal dimensão identificada. Observou-se que os conhecimentos mobilizados pelas professoras se relacionavam com o conteúdo e com a pedagogia. Inicialmente, identificaram-se os códigos consciência de propósitos e identificação de erros. Ao planejar o desenvolvimento da tarefa mobilizaram-se os códigos relacionados a procedimentos, terminologia, uso de livros didáticos e uso de tecnologias digitais. A colaboração entre pares no planejamento de tarefas propiciou uma formação na escola, para ela e com ela.
Nominalización en Procesos de Condensación de Significados en la Enseñanza de Solución Saturada: un estudio de caso en una escuela secundaria
Authors: Cutrera Guillermo Eduardo , Massa Marta Beatriz , Stipcich Silvia
Published: July 2021

Resumen: En el trabajo didáctico con los términos propios de un campo disciplinar, uno de los recursos más frecuentes es el uso recurrente de sustantivos en la estrategia de nominalización. Tal nominalización implica una condensación de significados. En este trabajo se comunican los movimientos de empaque y desempaque de significados identificados y los recursos lingüísticos utilizados por una futura profesora de química durante el trabajo didáctico para construir el concepto de solución saturada. El tramo discursivo analizado corresponde a una clase que aborda la temática soluciones en su período de residencia docente en un aula de la educación secundaria. La investigación es de corte cualitativo, centrado en un estudio de caso que se enmarca en las nociones de nominalización y formas congruentes para estudiar los procesos de condensación de significados durante las interacciones discursivas. Se identifican los recursos lingüísticos que la practicante privilegia para la condensación de significados y se discuten sus implicaciones didácticas.
Discursos para Reexistência no Ensino de Ciências: de Baco Exu do Blues a Malcolm X
Authors: De-Carvalho Roberth
Published: July 2021

Resumo: O repertório de linguagens hegemonicamente institucionalizado constitui conhecimento científico e tecnológico que produzem variados sentidos de interesse social. Ressignificados por sensos, signos e gestos na escola, esses conhecimentos se transpõem em narrativas que atravessam o ensino de ciências, podendo efetuar a dessubjetivação do Outro, ao promoverem formações discursivas homocêntricas: relações tecnocientíficas para um projeto utilitarista de sociedade. Neste ensaio discutimos relações outras de linguagens, em espaços-tempos afro-latinos e afro-americanos, por meio de transições de linguagens contra-hegemônicas para a educação política, através do ensino de ciências. Buscamos condições de produção de reexistência para o ensino de ciências, por meio da análise de discurso de linha franco-brasileira, na composição musical A pele que habito, do rapper afro-latino Baco Exu do Blues, e no discurso The ballot or the bullet, do ativista afro-americano Malcolm X.
CONTRA O USO DESUMANO DOS SERES HUMANOS: O COMPORTAMENTO ÉTICO DO PESQUISADOR
Authors: Quadra Antonio Augusto F.
Published: July 2021

Resumo: A discussão dos principais dilemas éticos da prática médica e da pesquisa clínica deveria constituir-se em preocupação dos cursos de pós-graduação em Medici na, face à finalidade de formação de docentes e pesquisadores. A Deontologia não consta mais do conjunto de disciplinas curriculares obrigatórias e seu ensino parece bastante deficiente. O autor, adicionalmente, recomenda a revisão do atual Código de Ética Médica, por obsoleto, apresenta os pontos básicos para a pesquisa biomédica envolvendo seres humanos e sugere que, em nível de cada coordenação de curso de pós-graduação, haja uma comissão de avaliação ética dos projetos de tese.
A enfermagem de saúde pública e as políticas públicas de saúde: um estudo de caso
Authors: Cunha Carmen Maria dos Santos Lopes Monteiro da , Henriques Maria Adriana Pereira , Costa Andreia Jorge Silva
Published: July 2021

Resumo Objetivos caracterizar as intervenções do enfermeiro especialista de saúde comunitária e de saúde pública de um Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde; identificar os principais fatores facilitadores para o desempenho das competências, e a contribuição para as políticas públicas de saúde. Método estudo de caso, com enfermeiros da especialidade em enfermagem de saúde comunitária e de saúde pública. Coleta de dados por meio de entrevista, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2019. A análise foi guiada por duas estratégias: partir das proposições teoréticas e trabalhar os dados emergentes; e duas técnicas: combinar padrões, “pattern matching” e construir explicações, “explanation building”. Resultados a partir da matriz construída, surgiram dez proposições teoréticas, dez evidências emergentes, cinco padrões e cinco hipóteses explicativas. Sobressaem intervenções de vigilância epidemiológica, planeamento e gestão de projetos. A formação pessoal e a comunicação destacam-se como fatores facilitadores. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a intervenção do enfermeiro dessa especialidade apresenta uma dimensão centrada no planeamento e gestão de projetos, identifica e reflete os fatores facilitadores do desempenho das suas competências, enquanto aplicador de políticas públicas de saúde.
Las ciudades latinoamericanas y el coronavirus
Authors: Cobos Emilio Pradilla , López Lisett Márquez
Published: July 2021

Resumen La pandemia del coronavirus llegó a América Latina en 2020, traída por viajeros de estratos sociales medios y altos provenientes de Asia, Europa y Estados Unidos. Se expandió por las grandes ciudades y paso a los sectores populares. La profunda crisis económico-social derivada de la cuarentena impuesta a la población para evitar la propagación del virus, evidenció, nuevamente, las contradicciones, problemas y conflictos que aquejan a los sectores populares en nuestras ciudades capitalistas neoliberales, reconstruidas a la manera del capital inmobiliario financiero trasnacionalizado y las políticas estatales que promueven y facilitan su actuar. Ahora y en la pos-pandemia, se impone la reivindicación del derecho a la ciudad transformada en una nueva sociedad, tal como propuso Henri Lefebvre hace medio siglo.
A Covid-19 e o agravamento das desigualdades na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Flexor Georges , Silva Robson Dias da , Rodrigues Adrianno Oliveira
Published: July 2021

Resumo Este artigo trata dos impactos da Covid-19 na renda da população da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. A análise dos dados da aplicação de um web-survey confirma as hipóteses apontadas na literatura internacional no que diz respeito ao papel da pandemia de Covid-19 no agravamento de desigualdades sociais preexistentes. Além disso, o artigo informa que as desigualdades ocorrem nas áreas periféricas da metrópole fluminense, nas quais os impactos negativos são comparativamente muito superiores aos de outras áreas. A segurança econômica tornou-se mais desigual adiante da pandemia de Covid-19, quando comparados o lugar de moradia, a cor e o gênero dos habitantes.
Relações entre ciclismo e rede de saúde e o caso de Curitiba
Authors: Nichele Hermes Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Resumo Nesse momento da pandemia da Covid-19, quando surge a necessidade de distanciamento físico, a bicicleta afirma-se como modo alternativo vantajoso. Este artigo dispõe sobre a associação entre ciclismo e saúde através de um índice proposto para avaliar essa relação, o Índice de Mobilidade Cicloviária em relação à rede de Saúde (IMCS). A fundamentação teórica expõe as qualidades do modo cicloviário e as premissas que devem envolver seu planejamento. Como um estudo de caso, o sistema cicloviário de Curitiba e sua relação com as Unidades Básicas de Saúde são avaliados pelo IMCS, em seu estado atual e conforme o plano existente. Os resultados evidenciam que Curitiba negligencia a ciclomobilidade, com o sistema de saúde local praticamente inacessível pela malha cicloviária.
Saúde e espaço urbano: entrelaces de saberes em contexto de pós-graduação
Authors: Pereira Doralice Barros , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira , Oliveira Veneza Berenice de
Published: July 2021

Resumo Buscamos uma mais rica interlocução entre urbanização/metropolização e os processos de saúde, doença e educação profícua às pesquisas, ao ensino e às políticas públicas. A crescente urbanização e concentração nas metrópoles insta-nos a apresentar as reflexões e experiências da/na disciplina Saúde e Espaço Urbano (SEU). O viver na cidade pensado sob a forma de estratégias que respondam às implicações em saúde e problemas sociais afeitos às iniquidades em saúde, como violência, trânsito, doenças (re)emergentes, transmissíveis ou não, estimula uma abordagem inter/transdisciplinar. Nessa disciplina, primamos por uma formação e capacitação discente holística, voltada a uma vida urbana saudável e com maior conhecimento, resultante do entrelace de saberes de três Pós-Graduações da UFMG, Geografia, Saúde Pública e Arquitetura, desde 2015.