bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Secure Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Network Using Ad Hoc on-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol
Authors: Kamboj Nippun , Dalip  , Rai Munishwar
Published: November 2019

In modern era, MANET i.e., Mobile Ad-hoc Network is a very powerful, interactive tool and useful resource for transmission/communication in computer networks. About composition of MANET, a collection of mobile nodes have the potential of creating self-maintaining and self-configurable
network without having any centralized infrastructure i.e., MANET is a self-organized network without any infrastructure. Nodes in the network require energy for transmission of data after collapse of energy a node become inactive and it can’t participate in the communication. Due to
exhaustation of energy the network becomes unstable. An unstable network requires extra routing process for coin out a route. In future security of MANET is a major challenge for smooth and efficient data communication. There are many protocols in MANET but in this paper, we discussed AODV
routing protocol for data communication. In this paper a new algorithm is designed i.e., modified AODV with security constraint. This paper also gives the comparative study of original AODV and modified AODV.
Performance Analysis of Data Mining Algorithms
Authors: Amin Dar Masroof , Garg Atul
Published: November 2019

The globalisation of Internet is creating enormous amount of data on servers. The data created during last two years is itself equivalent to the data created during all these years. This exponential creation of data is due to the easy access to devices based on Internet of things. This
information has become a source of predictive analysis for future happenings. The versatile use of computing devices is creating data of diverse nature and the analysts are predicting the future trend using data of their respective domain. The technology used to analyse the data has become
a bottleneck over the time. The main reason behind this is that the rate with which the data is getting created is much more than the technology used to access the same. There are various mining techniques used to explore the useful information. In this research there is detailed analysis
of how data is used and perceived by various data mining algorithms. Mining algorithms like Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines, Linear Discriminant Analysis Algorithm, Artificial Neural Networks, C4.5, C5.0, K-Nearest Neighbour are analysed. The input data used in these algorithms is
big data files. This research mainly focuses on how the existing data algorithms are interacting with big data files. The research has been done on twitter comments.
Neural Network Based Prediction Model for Job Applicants
Authors: Thakial Sourav , Arora Bhavna
Published: November 2019

Predictive analytics, a division of the advanced analytics that uses various techniques like machine learning, data mining and so on, to predict the future events. Predictive analytics is summarized with the data collection, modelling, statistics and deployment. It can be used to predict
the future possibilities in different areas like business, healthcare, telecom, finance. An effective technique for prediction is Artificial Neural Network. The model accuracy for prediction can be enhanced using neural networks. The model can also be used easily for prediction of output parameters
because of its ability to solve the complex computation which are difficult to be solved by other techniques. In this paper, a brief review of Artificial Neural Network used for prediction analysis is presented with various techniques like Multi-Layer Perceptron, T-S Fuzzy Neural Networks,
Support Vector Machine, Radial Basis Function Network, Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm and Back Propagation and their applications are also presented. This paper also presents the neural network-based prediction model for job applicants which is used to predict the jobs of various applicants
based on certain parameter ratings.
Comparative Assessment and Performance Analysis of Numerous Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Routing Protocols
Authors: Singh Karan , Gupta Rajeev
Published: November 2019

Recent progression in the field of information and communication cause increase of packet count over the World Wide Web network. These communicated packets should deliver on time from origin node to destination node using a reliable and shortest route. In this way routing plays an important
part in dispatching the packets to destination form the source. This routing becomes more crucial when packets delivery is done in independent mobile nodes which dynamically form a temporary network. This network named as Mobile Ad-Hoc Network and therefore it is said to be particular reason-specific,
self-ruling and dynamic. In this paper we analyzed 3 protocols and for a quality of service (i.e., Packet Delivery Ratio) and achieved comparative study of various protocols of routing with respect to Operation of protocols, Route maintenance, Routing table, Route, Route selection, Routing
structure, Routing Approaches, Protocol types, Merits and Demerits.
Comparison of Image Compression Methods for Image Transmission Over Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Dalia Rekha , Gupta Rajeev
Published: November 2019

Unlike conventional networks, in Wireless Sensor Network the nodes have constrained energy, memory and processing capabilities. These nodes deployed in a constrained environment monitor any changes in surrounding environment and transfer the changes to the cluster heads. Each node has
its own memory, battery, and transceivers. Efficient utilization of these resources can result in the enhancement of network lifetime. In order to securely transfer the data in the form of images, an efficient and cost effective image compression algorithm is required. Hence, in this paper,
a detailed review of image compression algorithms has been carried out. The selected algorithms are compared in terms of various performance metrics such as compression ratio, compression time, speed, type of data, etc. The results showed that algorithm proposed by Borici and Arber is the
best in case of compression ratio, as it provides better compression ratio in comparison to other algorithms.
Classification of Pathological Voices Using Glottal Signal Parameters
Authors: Mittal Vikas , Sharma R. K.
Published: November 2019

The discrimination of voice signals has numerous applications in diagnosing of pathologies related to voice. This paper discussed about the glottal signal that is bound to recognize two sorts of voice issue: Laryngitis and Laryngeal dystonia (LD). The parameters of the glottal signal
fill in as contribution to classifiers that characterizes into three unique gatherings of speakers: speakers with Laryngitis; with laryngeal dystonia (LD); lastly speakers with healthy voices. The database is made out of voice accounts containing tests of three gatherings. The classifiers
SVM provided 60%, KNN provided 70% and Ensemble provided 80% classification accuracy in the case of Laryngitis. Voice signals of patients affected with Laryngeal dystonia were also collected and tested with same classifiers and the Accuracy of 90%, 80% and 50% were obtained with SVM, KNN and
Ensemble respectively.
Differentiation of Edible Oils by Type Using Raman Spectroscopy and Pattern Recognition Methods
Authors: Kwofie Francis , Lavine Barry K. , Ottaway Joshua , Booksh Karl
Published: November 2019

The application of Raman spectroscopy and pattern recognition methods to the problem of discriminating edible oils by type was investigated. Two-hundred and eighty-six Raman spectra obtained from 53 samples spanning 15 varieties of edible oils were collected for 90 s at 2 cm–1 resolution. Employing a Whittaker filter, all Raman spectra were baseline corrected after removing the high-intensity fluorescent background in each spectrum. The Raman spectral data were then examined using the three major types of pattern recognition methodology: mapping and display, discriminant development and clustering. The 15 varieties of edible oils could be partitioned into five distinct groups based on their degree of saturation and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. Edible oils assigned to one group could be readily differentiated from those assigned to other groups, whereas Raman spectra within the same group more closely resembled each other and therefore would be more difficult to classify by type.
A safe bet? Inter-laboratory variability in behaviour-based severity assessment
Authors: Jirkof Paulin , Abdelrahman Ahmed , Bleich André , Durst Mattea , Keubler Lydia , Potschka Heidrun , Struve Birgitta , Talbot Steven R , Vollmar Brigitte , Zechner Dietmar , Häger Christine
Published: November 2019

Evidence-based severity assessment is essential as a basis for ethical evaluation in animal experimentation to ensure animal welfare, legal compliance and scientific quality. To fulfil these tasks scientists, animal care and veterinary personnel need assessment tools that provide species-relevant measurements of the animals' physical and affective state. In a three-centre study inter-laboratory robustness of body weight monitoring, mouse grimace scale (MGS) and burrowing test were evaluated. The parameters were assessed in naïve and tramadol treated female C57BL/6J mice. During tramadol treatment a body weight loss followed by an increase, when treatment was terminated, was observed in all laboratories. Tramadol treatment did not affect the MGS or burrowing performance. Results were qualitatively comparable between the laboratories, but quantitatively significantly different (inter-laboratory analysis). Burrowing behaviour seems to be highly sensitive to inter-laboratory differences in testing protocol. All locations obtained comparable information regarding the qualitative effect of tramadol treatment in C57BL/6J mice, however, datasets differed as a result of differences in test and housing conditions.

In conclusion, our study confirms that results of behavioural testing can be affected by many factors and may differ between laboratories. Nevertheless, the evaluated parameters appeared relatively robust even when conditions were not harmonized extensively and present useful tools for severity assessment. However, analgesia-related side effects on parameters have to be considered carefully.
Should we pay more to participants involved in research projects?
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayantan
Published: November 2019

Inducements for research participants are considered controversial. Researchers face an ethical dilemma if they offer money as an inducement when enrolling volunteers for their study. Do these payments invalidate the consent process and make this unethical? Should the results of such studies be considered invalid? A recent publication by Persad and colleagues supports differential payment to volunteers, based upon their level of involvement, from an ethical perspective. Our current response to this article explores a few more areas of controversy and attempts to clarify them.
Restorativeness in Natural and Urban Environments: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Menardo Elisa , Brondino Margherita , Hall Rob , Pasini Margherita
Published: November 2019

In recent decades, there has been an increasing volume of research aimed out quantifying the extent to which the natural environment can assist in restoring mental, emotional, and physical well-being. It is commonly assumed that natural environments are more restorative than urban environments. However, studies addressing this issue use a variety of methods for data collection making it difficult to compare the findings of different studies. The research reported here uses a meta-analysis aimed at estimating how much natural environments are perceived as being more restorative than urban environments. We investigated the role of moderator variables such as research design, kind of natural environment, participants, measurement instruments used or the context in which the data were collected. PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, SpringerLINK, Web of Science online databases were used to identity all peer-review articles on restorativeness published to date ( k = 167). Reference sections of obtained papers were examined for additional studies. Only 22 studies met inclusion criteria (direct exposure to environment, comparison between one outdoor environment with natural element and one without natural element, and restorativeness measured by self-report scale) and were included in meta-analysis. Results show that natural environments are perceived to be more restorative than urban environments (Cohen’s d (confidence interval) = 1.99 (1.38–2.61)). Significant heterogeneity between the study was found ( Q(19) = 503.16, p < .001) and variability within studies was very high ( I2 = 97%). However, subsequent univariate moderator analyses were not significant. Other methodological differences (e.g., lighting conditions) could explain this variability. We concluded that the variability in studies is more likely to be due to individual differences (e.g., age, connections to nature, and environmental attitude) than the methodological differences.
Power system security improvement using an OPA model and IPSO algorithm
Authors: Hasanvand Saeed , Fallahzadeh-Abarghouei Hossein , Mahboubi-Moghaddam Esmaeil
Published: November 2019

The growing demand for power generation makes power systems increasingly more complex to operate and less secure against outages, so the risk of extensive blackouts is growing and needs to be addressed. Cascading failures are the main reason for extensive blackouts, so to investigate this effect a new method including a standard blackout model, named ORNL-PSerc-Alaska (OPA), and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) placement using an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm is proposed. This study provides two optimization approaches and presents optimal corrective actions. The results will help operators to implement corrective actions like optimal generation and load redispatching to return the system to a stable operating condition. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated using a realistic transmission network. Simulation results show a significant effect of SSSC on decreasing the risk of cascading failures and the ability of the proposed method to prevent blackout.
Highly efficient extraction of large molecular-weight keratin from wool in a water/ethanol co-solvent
Authors: He Jiahao , Xu Duo , Li Junyu , Li Linfeng , Li Wenbin , Cui Weigang , Liu Keshuai
Published: November 2019

A large number of wool fiber by-products, short and coarse wool fibers are difficult to spin and are disposed of by the wool industry, creating a burden on the environment. In this study, L-cysteine hydrochloride and sodium sulfite were used as reducing agents to extract keratin from natural wool in an ethanol-water mixed system. The molecular weight of the extracted keratin is up to 130 kDa with a high yield of 67%. It has been proven that the reducing agent destroyed partial disulfide bonds, ethanol destroyed partial hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, and the α-helix chain was converted into a β-folded chain and random coil after extraction by instrumental analysis using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffraction. The recombination of small keratin molecules can be proven by the increase in protein particle size and molecular weight via a particle size analyzer and SDS-PAGE respectively.
Rapidly progressive dementia with seizures: a post-dengue complication
Authors: Mohammed Afsal P , Koraddi Avinash , Prabhu Arvind , Kotian Chitra M , Umakanth Shashikiran
Published: November 2019

Dengue infection can cause various effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. Direct neurotropism and immunological mechanisms are responsible for most such neurological manifestations. We present the case of a 64-year-old woman with rapidly progressive dementia with seizures following dengue infection.
The Politics of Hypocrisy: Baruch Spinoza and Pierre Bayle on Hypocritical Conformity
Authors: Gais Amy
Published: November 2019

Contemporary political theory has increasingly attended to the inevitability, and even advantage, of hypocrisy in liberal democratic politics, but less consideration has been given to the social and psychological repercussions of this ubiquitous phenomenon. This article recovers Baruch Spinoza and Pierre Bayle’s critiques of hypocritical conformity to demonstrate that their influential theories of toleration and freedom were shaped considerably by concerns with enforced conformity. Reframing Spinoza and Bayle as theorists of hypocrisy, moreover, suggests that recent redemptive accounts of hypocrisy in political theory overlook deeper and arguably more discerning anxieties about a politics characterized by hypocrisy, specifically the deleterious effects of social mistrust and psychological distress.
Production and characterization of poly (lactic acid)-based biocomposites filled with basalt fiber and flax fiber hybrid
Authors: Eselini Najah , Tirkes Seha , Akar Alinda Oyku , Tayfun Umit
Published: November 2019

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-based biocomposites containing flax fiber (FF) and basalt fiber (BF) both separately and together were prepared by melt blending method at the total constant ratio of 30 wt%. Mechanical properties, thermo-mechanical characteristics, thermal stability, flow behaviors, water uptake, and morphology of composites were investigated by tensile, hardness and impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal gravimetric analysis, melt flow index (MFI) test, water absorption, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Mechanical test results show that tensile strength, elongation, elastic modulus, and impact strength are extended up to higher values with increase in BF content in hybrid composites. Conversely, the presence of FF displays a negative effect in which these values drop down drastically as the FF concentration increases. On the other hand, slightly higher hardness values are obtained by the addition of FF at higher loadings. DMA analysis reveals that BF inclusion leads glass transition temperature of PLA to one point higher, but hybrid and FF containing composites shift that temperature to lower values. Storage moduli of composites are enhanced with the increase in BF concentration and remarkable decreases are observed for FF-filled composites. Hybrid composites exhibit average MFI values between PLA/FF and PLA/BF composites.
Under the Radar: Strategies Used by Black Mothers to Prepare Their Sons for Potential Police Interactions
Authors: Harris Abril , Amutah-Onukagha Ndidiamaka
Published: November 2019

The current qualitative study explores the experiences of Black mothers who prepare their sons for potential police encounters. Police presence in the Black community has historically elicited feelings of mistrust and fear among Black Americans, and those sentiments resonate today. The discrete incidents of police violence in the United States have been exposed due to an increase in media documentation of the phenomenon. Increased awareness of police violence has also provided insight into the impact that police encounters can have on Black families. A focus group was conducted with six Black mothers with sons ranging in ages from 11 to 33 years. Results highlighted strategies that participants shared with their sons to prepare for a potential police encounter, which included knowing the harsh realities of being Black, regulating their behavior, reframing negative schemas about police, and utilizing family and community supports. Participants believed that sharing strategies and instructions with their sons could enhance safety during a potential police encounter.
Experimental investigation on creep characteristic of the spacer between winding turns of power transformers
Authors: Arabul Ahmet Yigit , Kumru Celal Fadil , Keskin Arabul Fatma , Senol Ibrahim
Published: November 2019

The lifetime of insulation in a power transformer deteriorate in time by reason of high electrical/thermal stresses and contaminations from environmental factors. In particular, faults in oil type power transformers due to thermal stress ruin energy continuity and cause serious economic losses. Most of the faults due to thermal stress generally occur at the hot-spot location of transformer windings. Particularly, creeping of the spacer between windings and the resulting thermal stress constitutes a significant part of the transformer failures. Therefore, the determination of creep characteristics under different conditions is important in terms of fault estimation, aging calculations and product development. In this study, it is aimed to acquire creep characteristics and failure time of spacer for different test temperatures. For this reason, a test system is designed to determine the creep characteristics of the spacer between the windings. In order to specify temperature ranges of the tests to be done, thermal analysis is performed for different creep rates of the spacer. The test setup is designed according to the results of thermal analysis, and creep test results are presented. The results indicate that creep characteristics of spacers will provide to make the aging calculations and failure prediction algorithms more accurate.
Transnational connectivity and the affective paradoxes of digital care labour: Exploring how young refugees technologically mediate co-presence
Authors: Leurs Koen
Published: November 2019

Digital migration scholarship has foregrounded how migrants (refugees, forced migrants, expatriates among others) use smartphones and social media to technologically mediate co-presence with loved ones and friends abroad. Aural, visual and haptic affordances give shape to feelings of co-presence, triggering various affects. Affectivity refers here to bodily sensations like joy which can be circulated among migrant families and friendship groups, through digital networks. Paradoxically, maintaining bonds as well as keeping face can be felt as emotionally taxing, triggering negative affective intensities such as fear, anxiety, shame and guilt. Still, the young refugees I have interviewed feel strongly compelled to transnationally connect because they strongly care. Therefore, this research note proposes the notion of digital care labour to attend to the emotional, digital labour involved in maintaining transnational connections between people living at distance, in starkly diverging material conditions.
HDAC4 and HDAC5 form a complex with DREAM that epigenetically down-regulates NCX3 gene and its pharmacological inhibition reduces neuronal stroke damage
Authors: Formisano Luigi , Laudati Giusy , Guida Natascia , Mascolo Luigi , Serani Angelo , Cuomo Ornella , Cantile Maria , Boscia Francesca , Molinaro Pasquale , Anzilotti Serenella , Pizzorusso Vincenzo , Di Renzo Gianfranco , Pignataro Giuseppe , Annunziato Lucio
Published: November 2019

The histone deacetylases (HDACs)-dependent mechanisms regulating gene transcription of the Na+/Ca+ exchanger isoform 3 ( ncx3) after stroke are still unknown. Overexpression or knocking-down of HDAC4/HDAC5 down-regulates or increases, respectively, NCX3 mRNA and protein. Likewise, MC1568 (class IIa HDACs inhibitor), but not MS-275 (class I HDACs inhibitor) increased NCX3 promoter activity, gene and protein expression. Furthermore, HDAC4 and HDAC5 physically interacted with the transcription factor downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM). As MC1568, DREAM knocking-down prevented HDAC4 and HDAC5 recruitment to the ncx3 promoter. Importantly, DREAM, HDAC4, and HDAC5 recruitment to the ncx3 gene was increased in the temporoparietal cortex of rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), with a consequent histone-deacetylation of ncx3 promoter. Conversely, the tMCAO-induced NCX3 reduction was prevented by intracerebroventricular injection of siDREAM, siHDAC4, and siHDAC5. Notably, MC1568 prevented oxygen glucose deprivation plus reoxygenation and tMCAO-induced neuronal damage, whereas its neuroprotective effect was abolished by ncx3 knockdown. Collectively, we found that: (1) DREAM/HDAC4/HDAC5 complex epigenetically down-regulates ncx3 gene transcription after stroke, and (2) pharmacological inhibition of class IIa HDACs reduces stroke-induced neurodetrimental effects.
Association between ACE A240T polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xiao Yingjun , Dong Zheqing , Zhu Ji , You Jinbiao , Fan Jun
Published: November 2019

Objectives

The relationship between the A240T polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) gene and cancer risk remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of relevant studies from the published literature.

Methods

We comprehensively searched available databases to identify eligible studies on the relationship of ACE A240T polymorphism with cancer risk. We calculated pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and then evaluated heterogeneity and publication bias.

Results

Eight case-control studies were identified from five articles. Results showed that the ACE A240T polymorphism was related to cancer risk (AT vs AA: OR 2.14, 95% CI: 1.51–3.04; TT vs AA: OR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.90–1.27; recessive model: OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31–0.77; dominant model: OR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.54–2.97). The same conclusion was made for subgroup analysis by race or cancer type. In the subgroup analysis by quality score assessment, the ACE A240T polymorphism contributed to cancer risk in high-quality studies but not in low-quality studies.

Conclusion

The A240T polymorphism in the ACE gene might be related to the risk of cancer. Nevertheless, large-scale studies should be performed to obtain convincing evidence on the roles of ACE A240T polymorphism on cancer risk.
Academic lives and cultures
Authors: Sismondo Sergio
Published: November 2019

The current themed issue came about by chance. A number of manuscripts examining academic lives and cultures came through Social Studies of Science’s review process at roughly the same time, and have been grouped together here. This introduction briefly describes some of their themes, and connects them with some other articles recently published in this journal, to broaden virtually the themed issue so as to represent some of the current work on the topic.
Clinical Utility of the Limited Prosocial Emotions Specifier in the Childhood-Onset Subtype of Conduct Disorder
Authors: Déry Michèle , Bégin Vincent , Toupin Jean , Temcheff Caroline
Published: November 2019

Objective:

Clinicians may specify the diagnosis of conduct disorder (CD) as “with limited prosocial emotions” (LPE). This specifier is thought to identify youths with particularly severe and stable symptomatology. However, few studies have examined the clinical usefulness of the LPE specifier among children with childhood-onset CD. The current study examines whether the LPE specifier distinguishes children with particularly severe and persistent symptoms among those with childhood-onset CD. The study also aims to test whether the LPE specifier aids in identifying children with subclinical CD whose conduct problems are at risk of increasing.

Method:

Two hundred sixty-four children showing at least one CD symptom before age 10 were divided based on the presence of CD and the specifier. Children with and without the specifier were compared on number of CD symptoms (assessed at study inception) and trajectory of conduct problems (assessed over 4 years). The analyses controlled for oppositional defiant and attention deficit hyperactivity symptomatology.

Results:

Compared with children with CD but without LPE, children with CD and the LPE specifier did not differ on likelihood of endorsing most symptoms nor on total numbers of symptoms. Moreover, they did not show a more stable pattern of conduct problems across the 4 years. Children with subclinical CD with and without the LPE specifier were also similar in terms of their symptoms, severity, and evolution of their problems.

Conclusions:

Among youths with childhood-onset CD, the specifier appears to offer limited value in identifying those with particularly severe and stable CD symptomatology.
Do Latinos Consider Themselves Mainstream? The Influence of Region
Authors: Vasquez-Tokos Jessica
Published: November 2019

Drawing from 89 in-depth interviews with Latinos, this article asks how Latinos perceive their relationship to U.S. mainstream society. As regional location matters to racial identity, this comparative study focuses on field sites in California and Kansas—locations with different proportions of Latinos—to investigate how regional dynamics are embedded in racial meaning-making. Showing a region, race, and class intersection, Californians who were poor or working-class in their youth use social distancing strategies and “reactive Americanization” to avoid stereotypes fueled by a dense Latino population. By contrast, most Latino Kansans leave racism undetected, the smaller Latino population in Kansas deflating negative group stereotypes. Region also influences ideas about the mainstream: Californians pointed to local racial heterogeneity to argue for a multiracial mainstream, whereas most Kansans did not make that argument. Regional processes of class-inflected racialization are a contextual factor that shapes Latinos’ sense of mainstream inclusion and their incorporation trajectories.
Kinder Than We Might Think: How Adolescents Are Kind
Authors: Binfet John-Tyler
Published: November 2019

Educators and parents alike have high expectations that adolescents behave prosocially and, within the context of schools, this is evident in curriculum grounded in social and emotional learning and in kindness-themed school-wide initiatives. Despite this emphasis on kindness, relatively little is empirically known about how adolescents enact kindness. To understand just how adolescents demonstrate kindness, a study of 191 ninth graders was conducted in which students were asked to plan and complete five kind acts. In addition to planning and doing acts of kindness, participants were asked to rate their face-to-face and online kindness, report the number of kind acts they completed, identify the recipients of their acts, and assess the quality of their kind acts. At post-test, participants’ self-ratings of both face-to-face and online kindness were significantly higher than their pre-test ratings. Only one third of participants completed all of their kind acts, most participants chose familiar others as the recipients of their kindness, and the bulk of participants rated their acts of kindness as medium quality on a low–medium–high scale. The kind acts done by participants reflected the themes of helping with chores, being respectful, complimenting/encouraging others, and giving objects or money. Implications for educators and parents are discussed.
The Role of Pharmacists in Managing Adverse Events Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Medina Patrick , Jeffers Kate D. , Trinh Van A. , Harvey R. Donald
Published: November 2019

Objective:

To provide an overview of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy-associated immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and their management, focusing on the key responsibilities for pharmacists in recognizing, distinguishing, and treating irAEs and in educating patients about irAEs and their management.

Data Sources:

Literature published from January 2000 to March 2018 available from online sources.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Relevant English-language studies, guidelines, and articles.

Data Synthesis:

ICI therapies have been approved for the treatment of several cancers as single-agent therapies, combined ICI therapies, or in combination with other agents. ICI therapies increase the activity of the immune system and consequently can have autoimmune-like adverse effects that are often termed irAEs. irAE management can be challenging as irAEs can vary in their frequency and severity among patients, according to the specific agent, and can occur at any time during treatment or after therapy discontinuation. Additionally, for patients treated with ICI therapies in combination with other therapies, ICI-associated irAEs must be distinguished from adverse events associated with chemotherapy or targeted therapies, which often require different management. Pharmacists can provide essential support to diagnose and manage irAEs.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Early and accurate diagnosis and prompt management of irAEs by pharmacists are critical to reduce the risk of severe or life-threatening complications and prevent premature ICI discontinuation.

Conclusions:

Pharmacists have a key role in the recognition, monitoring, and management of irAEs and in educating patients about irAEs associated with ICI therapies and the agents used to manage them.
Provider or Father? British Men’s Work Hours and Work Hour Preferences after the Birth of a Child
Authors: Hoherz Stefanie , Bryan Mark
Published: November 2019

This study uses data from the British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society to analyse the effect of fatherhood on men’s work hours and work hour preferences. Past research indicates that British men follow the traditional male provider model by either not changing or increasing their working hours when they have fathered a child, but these previous findings are primarily based on descriptive or cross-sectional analyses. Longitudinal analysis of men in the UK (1991 to 2013) shows a significant positive effect of fatherhood on men’s work hours. However, this effect is mainly limited to the fathers of children between one and five years old whose partner is not employed. If the female partner is employed (especially part time) fatherhood leads the male partner to reduce his work hours. Analysis of men’s work hour preferences did not find significant links with the number and age of children.
The Same, Only Different: Doing Management in the Intersection between Work and Private Life for Men and Women in Small-scale Enterprises
Authors: Hagqvist Emma , Vinberg Stig , Tritter Jonathan Q , Wall Erika , Landstad Bodil J
Published: November 2019

The aim of this article is to elucidate how male and female managers of small-scale enterprises in Norway and Sweden relate to and experience the intersection between work and private life. A qualitative content analysis was adopted to explore interviews with 18 managers. The analysis resulted in three primary categories: conflict as a part of the deal, using management to construct balance, and management identity contributing to enrichment. A key theme that emerged was doing management. Both men and women reproduced masculine values in describing their management identities and in explaining how they enacted management. This clear identification was used to legitimate conflict, construct balance and explain the interaction between work and private life as enriching. How the managers enacted gender emerged primarily in how they related to family responsibilities and their feelings of guilt in relation to home and children.
Analytic and computational analysis of wing twist to minimize induced drag during roll
Authors: Hunsaker Douglas F , Montgomery Zachary S , Joo James J
Published: November 2019

Geometric and/or aerodynamic wing twist can be used to produce a lift distribution that results in a rolling moment. A decomposed Fourier-series solution to Prandtl’s lifting-line theory is used to develop analytic spanwise antisymmetric twist distributions for roll control that minimize induced drag on wings of arbitrary planform in pure rolling motion. Roll initiation, steady rolling rate, and the transition between the two are each considered. It is shown that if these antisymmetric twist distributions are used, the induced drag is proportional to the square of the rolling moment, and the induced drag during a steady rolling rate is equal to that on the wing at the same lift coefficient with no rolling rate or antisymmetric twist distribution. Results also show that if these antisymmetric twist distributions are used on straight, tapered wings without symmetric twist, any rolling maneuver for which the rolling rate and rolling moment have the same sign will always produce a yawing moment in the opposite direction. Computational results are also included, which were obtained using a gradient-based optimization algorithm in combination with a modern numerical lifting-line algorithm to find the optimum twist solutions. The resulting twist, induced drag, and yawing moment solutions compare favorably with the analytic solutions developed in the text. The solutions presented here can be used to inform the design of morphing aircraft.
Reading Increases the Compositionality of Visual Word Representations
Authors: Agrawal Aakash , Hari K. V. S. , Arun S. P.
Published: November 2019

Reading causes widespread changes in the brain, but its effect on visual word representations is unknown. Learning to read may facilitate visual processing by forming specialized detectors for longer strings or by making word responses more predictable from single letters—that is, by increasing compositionality. We provided evidence for the latter hypothesis using experiments that compared nonoverlapping groups of readers of two Indian languages (Telugu and Malayalam). Readers showed increased single-letter discrimination and decreased letter interactions for bigrams during visual search. Importantly, these interactions predicted subjects’ overall reading fluency. In a separate brain-imaging experiment, we observed increased compositionality in readers, whereby responses to bigrams were more predictable from single letters. This effect was specific to the anterior lateral occipital region, where activations best matched behavior. Thus, learning to read facilitates visual processing by increasing the compositionality of visual word representations.
Predictors of predominant Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS-50)
Authors: Babaoglu H , Li J , Goldman D , Magder L S , Petri M
Published: November 2019

Aim

The Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) is a potential treat to target goal in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE patients in LLDAS for more than half of the observation time have about a 50% lower risk of new organ damage and have reduced mortality. We identified predictors of being in LLDAS ≥50% of the observation time.

Methods

A total of 2228 SLE patients who had at least three clinical visits were included. Percentage of time in LLDAS was calculated based on the proportion of days under observation. LLDAS-50 was defined as being in LLDAS for ≥50% of the observation time. We used the stepwise selection procedure in logistic regression to identify predictors of LLDAS-50.

Results

A total of 1169 (52.5%) SLE patients, but only 37.6% of African Americans, achieved LLDAS-50. In the multivariable model, African American ethnicity, hypocomplementemia, serositis, renal activity, arthritis, anti-RNP, anti-dsDNA, vasculitis, malar rash, discoid rash, thrombocytopenia, and immunosuppressive use were negative predictors of LLDAS-50. Older age at diagnosis, longer disease duration, higher education level, and greater percentage of time taking hydroxychloroquine remained positive predictors of LLDAS-50.

Conclusion

In this large cohort, only 52.5% achieved LLDAS-50. This proportion was even less in African Americans. A higher percentage of time taking hydroxychloroquine was a modifiable positive predictor of LLDAS-50. Anti-RNP, anti-dsDNA, and low complement were negatively associated with LLDAS-50. Our findings further emphasize the importance of inclusion of African Americans in clinical trials and hydroxychloroquine adherence in both clinical practice and clinical trials.
Broaden-and-Build Effects of Contextually Boosting the Sense of Attachment Security in Adulthood
Authors: Mikulincer Mario , Shaver Phillip R.
Published: November 2019

According to attachment theory, a sense of attachment security provides a foundation for mental health, social adjustment, and psychological thriving. In this article, we review what has been learned from laboratory experiments on the causal effects of contextually boosting a person’s sense of attachment security. We begin with a brief account of attachment theory and the construct of attachment security. We then review findings from laboratory experiments showing that contextual activation of mental representations of attachment security has beneficial effects on emotion regulation, psychological functioning, and prosocial behavior.
Racism and dehumanisation in Heart of Darkness and its Italian translations: A reader response analysis
Authors: Mastropierro Lorenzo , Conklin Kathy
Published: November 2019

This article presents the results of a reader response study of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and two of its Italian translations. Specifically, data from an online questionnaire are used to test whether English and Italian readers respond differently to the potential racist implications of the fictional representation of the African natives. Whereas one translator removes completely all occurrences of nigger( s) and negro, the other adds additional uses of the slurs which are not present in the original. We explore with empirical methods whether these translational alterations have an effect on the readers’ perception of dehumanisation, discrimination and racism in the text, comparing responses to each translation with responses to the original. Our findings not only show evidence of significant differences in the responses between one translation and the original but also suggest that other linguistic and extra-linguistic factors could be influencing readers’ response. With this article, we aim to contribute to the under-researched application of reader response approaches to translation studies.
Allies and Enemies of Fascism in the Reports of Italian Military Attachés
Authors: Pili Jacopo
Published: November 2019

An analysis of the reports of the Italian military attachés in London, Paris, and Berlin during the 1930s suggests that these officers’ perception of the countries they observed was increasingly influenced by the totalitarian evolution of the regime. While traditional interpretation of the relationship between the Italian Army and the regime is that the alliance between the two granted meaningful autonomy to the former, this article suggests that the Italian military had absorbed a worldview seeing democracy as weak and decadent and authoritarianism as the way ahead, and perceived the world according to strong national and racial stereotypes.
Organ donor registration in the UK: The need for informed consent for ante-mortem interventions to facilitate organ donation
Authors: Brown Sarah-Jane R.
Published: November 2019

A generic consent model for the organ donation process currently permeates organ donation policy in the United Kingdom. The National Health Service Blood and Transplant’s (NHSBT’s) strategy for increasing organ donation rates in the United Kingdom includes interpreting a person’s registration on the Organ Donor Register (ODR) as justifying changes to the end-of-life care of the ODR registrant once incapacitated. However, individuals registering on the ODR are not currently provided with specific information regarding any ante-mortem procedures that may be carried out to facilitate organ donation. In this article, I argue that a specific consent model for ante-mortem donor optimisation procedures is needed not only to facilitate the achievement of the best interests of ODR registrants once incapacitated but also to fulfil NHSBT’s obligations to ODR registrants under the law on informed consent. I argue that NHSBT owes a duty of care to ODR registrants and that the implications of this duty of care include incorporating informed consent standards into the process of ODR registration.
Consumer Decision-making Style of Gen Z: A Generational Cohort Analysis
Authors: Thangavel Packiaraj , Pathak Pramod , Chandra Bibhas
Published: November 2019

The media and consumer research groups have been keeping the Millennials in spotlight for many years now; perhaps it is time to turn some of the attention on Gen Z, which began its foray into mainstream consumption. This exploratory study examines the shopping orientation of Gen Z online shoppers using the generational cohort theory (GCT) as a framework and provides insights to e-retailers to understand how this generation approaches the online shopping. The penetration of Internet and accelerated growth of online shopping have enthused the e-retailers to offer a wide range of goods at greater efficiency than the traditional players. By cluster analysis (K-means) of nine online shopping orientation factors (two were eliminated prior due to low factor loading scores), four segments were identified: (a) ‘Economic-quality seekers’, (b) ‘Convenience shoppers’, (c) ‘Deal hunting-convenience seekers’ and (d) ‘Brand and quality conscious shoppers’, and the study profiled each segment based on the demographic data through chi-square analysis. Finally, implications for online retailers and marketing practitioners are enumerated towards the end of the article.
Adaptive constrained sliding mode control of uncertain nonlinear fractional-order input affine systems
Authors: Moghaddam Tahmine V , Yadavar Nikravesh Seyyed K , Khosravi Mohammad A
Published: November 2019

This paper addresses asymptotic stabilization of uncertain nonlinear fractional-order systems with bounded inputs in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances. To develop the idea, it is assumed that the upper bound of perturbations is a nonlinear function of the pseudostates norm in which its coefficients are unknown and are obtained via proposed adaptive laws. The main contribution of this paper is to develop a new bounded fractional-order chattering free adaptive sliding mode control in which the system states converge to the sliding surface at a predefined finite time. The stability of the closed-loop system with the proposed control scheme is guaranteed by the Lyapunov theory. Furthermore, for more clarification, a comparison with the classical integer-order case is also presented; finally, some practical simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
From Paradoxical Thinking to Practicing Sustainable Business: The Role of a Business Collective Organization in Supporting Entrepreneurs
Authors: Soderstrom Sara B. , Heinze Kathryn L.
Published: November 2019

Individual entrepreneurs committed to sustainability experience paradoxes: interdependencies and conflict between social, environmental, and economic goals. Whereas prior research focuses on direct responses to paradoxes, we examine multi-level dynamics between organizations and individuals in responding to sustainability paradoxes. Using a 20-month qualitative field study of sustainable food entrepreneurs in Detroit, we investigated how a business collective organization, FoodLab, enabled entrepreneurs to move from paradoxical thinking to practicing sustainable business. Our findings suggest that while individuals may struggle to address multiple goals of sustainability alone, business collective organizations provide a coordinating mechanism that amplifies their efforts. Through guardrails that facilitate the co-creation of shared resources for members, organizations can minimize cognitive and practical barriers of sustainable entrepreneurship.