bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Childhood trauma and social anxiety in adolescents: Mediating role of cardiovascular response to social stress
Authors: Ji Huayu , Wang Yiji , Lü Wei
Published: October 2024

Adolescents exposed to childhood trauma are at an elevated risk for social anxiety. However, the physiological mechanisms linking childhood trauma and adolescents' social anxiety remain poorly understood. This study examined whether cardiovascular reactivity to acute social stress was a mechanism underlying this association. Participants were Chinese adolescents (N = 172; Mage = 12.95). They first reported their childhood trauma and social anxiety using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. They then participated in a social stress task, during which their cardiovascular data [heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP)] were monitored. The results showed that high levels of childhood trauma were associated with blunted HR, SBP, and DBP reactivity, which in turn were associated with high levels of social anxiety. Mediation analysis indicated that childhood trauma was indirectly associated with social anxiety via blunted cardiovascular reactivity. The findings suggest that blunted cardiovascular reactivity may serve as a physiological pathway linking childhood trauma and adolescents' social anxiety.
Assessing phylogenetic diversity metrics in terrestrial ecological restoration: global trends and gaps
Authors: Azevedo Bruna Pereira de , Rother Débora Cristina
Published: October 2024

Phylogenetic diversity (PD) metrics estimate community diversity through evolutionary relationships, yet their potential in restoration ecology remains underutilized. This study reviews the literature on ecological restoration of terrestrial vegetation to evaluate the use of PD metrics, focusing on their application, global trends, and existing research gaps. Most studies were conducted in the United States, China, and Brazil, primarily in temperate broadleaf mixed forests (36.36%) and tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (33.33%). Half of the papers were based on observational studies of restorations, and the other half were experimental studies. Plant PD was the primary focus in 90.09% of papers, with grasses and trees being the most studied life forms. Standardized effect size of the mean pairwise distance and mean nearest taxonomic distance metrics were the most commonly used metrics. The majority of studies used PD as a response variable and restoration indicators (e.g. age, initial seed/seedling mixture, and restoration impact) as explanatory variables. Research bias toward grassland and limited studies in Africa and Oceania were noted. Future studies should broaden geographic coverage in restoration to provide a more comprehensive understanding of PD dynamics globally. Also, efforts should be made to expand the taxonomic scope beyond to capture the full spectrum of biodiversity in restoration assessments.
Introduction: Exile and Innovation☆
Authors: Nicholson Annalisa , Gillain Christophe
Published: October 2024

The early modern period was an age marked by the forced migration and displacement of social groups and individuals around the world. Huguenots, conversos, Catholics, cavaliers, Jacobites, and French emigrés alike fled or were expelled from their homes and communities. Yet, exile is still usually considered only within the context of broader religious or political events by scholars working in sub‐fields rather than as a phenomenon worthy of study in its own right. Foregrounding displacement as a major facet of early modern society and culture, this special issue explores the experience, perception, and poetics of exile from 1500 to 1800 through the prism of innovation. It encompasses displaced individuals and communities, as well as writings that treat the theme of exile, to consider how forced migration shaped the social, cultural, political, and intellectual contours of the era – and thus led to innovative practices and ideas.
Comparison of remote and in‐person respiratory function grading of brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Peng Zong H. , Ham Kathleen M. , Ladlow Jane , Stefaniak Carrie , Jeffery Nicholas D. , Thieman Mankin Kelley M.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To compare the reliability of respiratory function grading (RFG) scores assigned in‐person and remotely via video and electronic stethoscope recordings, evaluated by novice and expert graders.

Study design

Prospective study.

Sample population

Fifty‐seven brachycephalic dogs.

Methods

Dogs were evaluated in person by expert graders and RFG scores were assigned. Audio and video recordings were made during the in‐person evaluations. Four expert and four novice graders evaluated the recordings and assigned an RFG score to each dog. Agreement between in‐person and remote RFG scores was assessed using Cohen's kappa statistic. Interobserver reliability was assessed using Fleiss’ kappa statistic.

Results

The median RFG score from the in‐person assessment was 1 (range, 0–3). Distribution of RFG scores included 12 grade 0 scores, 19 grade 1 scores, 25 grade 2 scores, and 1 grade 3 score.

The raw percentage agreements between remote and in‐person scores were 68.4%, 59.6%, 64.9%, and 61.4% for the four experts, and 52.6%, 64.9%, 50.9%, and 42.1% for the four novices. Reliability between remote and in‐person RFG scores was poor to moderate both for the experts (Cohen's kappa: .48, .37, .46, .41) and novices (Cohen's kappa: .28, .47, .28, .21). Interobserver reliability was moderate among the experts (Fleiss’ kappa: .59) and poor among the novices (Fleiss’ kappa: .39).

Conclusion

Remote RFG scores had poor to moderate interassessment and interobserver reliability. Novice evaluators performed worse than experts for remote or in‐person RFG evaluations.

Clinical significance

Remote RFG, as measured in this study, is not reliable for assigning RFG scores. Modifications could be made to remote evaluation to improve reliability. Based upon the performance of novice evaluators, training of evaluators is justified.
Deeper but smaller: Higher-order interactions increase linear stability but shrink basins
Authors: Zhang Yuanzhao , Skardal Per Sebastian , Battiston Federico , Petri Giovanni , Lucas Maxime
Published: October 2024

A key challenge of nonlinear dynamics and network science is to understand how higher-order interactions influence collective dynamics. Although many studies have approached this question through linear stability analysis, less is known about how higher-order interactions shape the global organization of different states. Here, we shed light on this issue by analyzing the rich patterns supported by identical Kuramoto oscillators on hypergraphs. We show that higher-order interactions can have opposite effects on linear stability and basin stability: They stabilize twisted states (including full synchrony) by improving their linear stability, but also make them hard to find by markedly reducing their basin size. Our results highlight the importance of understanding higher-order interactions from both local and global perspectives.
Ironing out complexities in karst chronology: (U-Th)/He ferricrete ages reveal wet MIS 5c
Authors: Lipar Matej , Barham Milo , Danišík Martin , Šmuc Andrej , Webb John A. , McNamara Kenneth J. , Šoster Aleš , Ferk Mateja
Published: October 2024

Karst landforms provide insights into landscape evolution and paleoclimate but are inherently challenging to date. An ancient interval of particularly intense weathering of Western Australian Pleistocene aeolianites is recorded in a spectacular pinnacle karst landscape with associated ferricrete nodules. (U-Th)/He dating of the ferricrete nodules revealed an age of 102.8 + 10.6/−11.4 thousand years, corresponding to marine isotope stage 5c. The (U-Th)/He age thus directly dates the wettest interglacial period in the region over the last 500 thousand years, which was responsible for the dissolution that formed the pinnacles. The reliability of the ferricrete (U-Th)/He age is supported by bounding optically stimulated luminescence and U-Th dates on associated aeolianites and carbonate precipitates, respectively. A (U-Th)/He approach is globally applicable to aeolianites with associated ferricretes, allowing more accurate dating of the environmental changes affecting these lithologies, and temporally constraining rapid Pleistocene climatic oscillations to better contextualize the associated evolution of the biosphere.
Pachytene piRNAs control discrete meiotic events during spermatogenesis and restrict gene expression in space and time
Authors: Ortega Jacob , Wahba Lamia , Seemann Jacob , Chen Shin-Yu , Fire Andrew Z. , Arur Swathi
Published: October 2024

Pachytene piRNAs, a Piwi-interacting RNA subclass in mammals, are hypothesized to regulate non-transposon sequences during spermatogenesis.
Caenorhabditis elegans
piRNAs, the 21URNAs, are implicated in regulating coding sequences; the messenger RNA targets and biological processes they control during spermatogenesis are largely unknown. We demonstrate that loss of 21URNAs compromises homolog pairing and makes it permissive for nonhomologous synapsis resulting in defects in crossover formation and chromosome segregation during spermatogenesis. We identify Polo-like kinase 3 (PLK-3), among others, as a 21URNA target. 21URNA activity restricts PLK-3 protein to proliferative cells, and expansion of PLK-3 in pachytene overlaps with the meiotic defects. Removal of
plk-3
results in quantitative genetic suppression of the meiotic defects. One discrete 21URNA inhibits PLK-3 expression in late pachytene cells. Together, these results suggest that the 21URNAs function as pachytene piRNAs during
C. elegans
spermatogenesis. We identify their targets and meiotic events and highlight the remarkable intricacy of this multi-effector mechanism during spermatogenesis.
N
6
-methyladenosine modification–tuned lipid metabolism controls skin immune homeostasis via regulating neutrophil chemotaxis
Authors: Cui Lian , Wu You , Chen Zeyu , Li Bingjie , Cai Jiangluyi , Chang Zhanhe , Xiao Weide , Wang Yuanyuan , Yang Nan , Wang Yu , Yu Zengyang , Yao Lingling , Ma Rui , Wang Xin , Chen Youdong , Chen Qianyu , Mei Hao , Lan Zhiyi , Yu Yingyuan , Chen Rongfen , Wu Xingbiao , Yu Qian , Lu Jiajing , Yu Ning , Zhang Xilin , Liu Jun , Zhang Lingjuan , Lai Yuping , Gao Shaorong , Gao Yawei , Guo Chunyuan , Shi Yuling
Published: October 2024

Disrupted
N
6
-methyladenosine (m
6
A) modification modulates various inflammatory disorders. However, the role of m
6
A in regulating cutaneous inflammation remains elusive. Here, we reveal that the m
6
A and its methyltransferase METTL3 are down-regulated in keratinocytes in inflammatory skin diseases. Inducible deletion of
Mettl3
in murine keratinocytes results in spontaneous skin inflammation and increases susceptibility to cutaneous inflammation with activation of neutrophil recruitment. Therapeutically, restoration of m
6
A alleviates the disease phenotypes in mice and suppresses inflammation in human biopsy specimens. We support a model in which m
6
A modification stabilizes the mRNA of the lipid-metabolizing enzyme ELOVL6 via the m
6
A reader IGF2BP3, leading to a rewiring of fatty acid metabolism with a reduction in palmitic acid accumulation and, consequently, suppressing neutrophil chemotaxis in cutaneous inflammation. Our findings highlight a previously unrecognized epithelial-intrinsic m
6
A modification–lipid metabolism pathway that is essential for maintaining epidermal and immune homeostasis and lay the basis for potential therapeutic targeting of m
6
A modulators to attenuate inflammatory skin diseases.
Neuroinflammation as a cause of differential Müller cell regenerative responses to retinal injury
Authors: García-García Diana , Vidal-Gil Lorena , Parain Karine , Lun Jingxian , Audic Yann , Chesneau Albert , Siron Léa , Van Westendorp Demi , Lourdel Sophie , Sánchez-Sáez Xavier , Kazani Despoina , Ricard Julien , Pottin Solène , Donval Alicia , Bronchain Odile , Locker Morgane , Roger Jérôme E. , Borday Caroline , Pla Patrick , Bitard Juliette , Perron Muriel
Published: October 2024

Unlike mammals, some nonmammalian species recruit Müller glia for retinal regeneration after injury. Identifying the underlying mechanisms may help to foresee regenerative medicine strategies. Using a
Xenopus
model of retinitis pigmentosa, we found that Müller cells actively proliferate upon photoreceptor degeneration in old tadpoles but not in younger ones. Differences in the inflammatory microenvironment emerged as an explanation for such stage dependency. Functional analyses revealed that enhancing neuroinflammation is sufficient to trigger Müller cell proliferation, not only in young tadpoles but also in mice. In addition, we showed that microglia are absolutely required for the response of mouse Müller cells to mitogenic factors while negatively affecting their neurogenic potential. However, both cell cycle reentry and neurogenic gene expression are allowed when applying sequential pro- and anti-inflammatory treatments. This reveals that inflammation benefits Müller glia proliferation in both regenerative and nonregenerative vertebrates and highlights the importance of sequential inflammatory modulation to create a regenerative permissive microenvironment.
Cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO) governs cancer cell mitochondrial redox homeostasis through proline metabolism
Authors: Lee Sandy Che-Eun S. , Pyo Andrea Hye An , Mohammadi Helia , Zhang Ji , Dvorkin-Gheva Anna , Malbeteau Lucie , Chung Stephen , Khan Shahbaz , Ciudad M. Teresa , Rondeau Vincent , Cairns Rob A. , Kislinger Thomas , McGaha Tracy L. , Wouters Bradly G. , Reisz Julie A. , Culp-Hill Rachel , D’Alessandro Angelo , Jones Courtney L. , Koritzinsky Marianne
Published: October 2024

2-Aminoethanethiol dioxygenase (ADO) is a thiol dioxygenase that sulfinylates cysteamine and amino-terminal cysteines in polypeptides. The pathophysiological roles of ADO remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that ADO expression represents a vulnerability in cancer cells, as ADO depletion led to loss of proliferative capacity and survival in cancer cells and reduced xenograft growth. In contrast, generation of the
ADO
knockout mouse revealed high tolerance for ADO depletion in adult tissues. To understand the mechanism underlying ADO’s essentiality in cancer cells, we characterized the cell proteome and metabolome following depletion of ADO. This revealed that ADO depletion leads to toxic levels of polyamines which can be driven by ADO’s substrate cysteamine. Polyamine accumulation in turn stimulated expression of proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) which resulted in mitochondrial hyperactivity and ROS production, culminating in cell toxicity. This work identifies ADO as a unique vulnerability in cancer cells, due to its essential role in maintenance of redox homeostasis through restraining polyamine levels and proline catabolism.
Glucocorticoids induce a maladaptive epithelial stress response to aggravate acute kidney injury
Authors: Zhou Luping , Pereiro Marc Torres , Li Yanqun , Derigs Marcus , Kuenne Carsten , Hielscher Thomas , Huang Wei , Kränzlin Bettina , Tian Gang , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Lu Gia-Hue Natalie , Roedl Kevin , Schmidt Claudia , Günther Stefan , Looso Mario , Huber Johannes , Xu Yong , Wiech Thorsten , Sperhake Jan-Peter , Wichmann Dominic , Gröne Hermann-Josef , Worzfeld Thomas
Published: October 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and challenging clinical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality and represents a common complication in critically ill patients with COVID-19. In AKI, renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are a primary site of damage, and recovery from AKI depends on TEC plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation and maladaptation of TECs in AKI remain largely unclear. Here, our study of an autopsy cohort of patients with COVID-19 provided evidence that injury of TECs by myoglobin, released as a consequence of rhabdomyolysis, is a major pathophysiological mechanism for AKI in severe COVID-19. Analyses of human kidney biopsies, mouse models of myoglobinuric and gentamicin-induced AKI, and mouse kidney tubuloids showed that TEC injury resulted in activation of the glucocorticoid receptor by endogenous glucocorticoids, which aggravated tubular damage. The detrimental effect of endogenous glucocorticoids on injured TECs was exacerbated by the administration of a widely clinically used synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, as indicated by experiments in mouse models of myoglobinuric- and folic acid–induced AKI, human and mouse kidney tubuloids, and human kidney slice cultures. Mechanistically, studies in mouse models of AKI, mouse tubuloids, and human kidney slice cultures demonstrated that glucocorticoid receptor signaling in injured TECs orchestrated a maladaptive transcriptional program to hinder DNA repair, amplify injury-induced DNA double-strand break formation, and dampen mTOR activity and mitochondrial bioenergetics. This study identifies glucocorticoid receptor activation as a mechanism of epithelial maladaptation, which is functionally important for AKI.
A peptide encoded by upstream open reading frame of
MYC
binds to tropomyosin receptor kinase B and promotes glioblastoma growth in mice
Authors: Li Fanying , Yang Kailin , Gao Xinya , Zhang Maolei , Gu Danling , Wu Xujia , Lu Chenfei , Wu Qiulian , Dixit Deobrat , Gimple Ryan C. , You Yongping , Mack Stephen C. , Shi Yu , Kang Tiebang , Agnihotri Sameer A. , Taylor Michael D. , Rich Jeremy N. , Zhang Nu , Wang Xiuxing
Published: October 2024

MYC promotes tumor growth through multiple mechanisms. Here, we show that, in human glioblastomas, the variant
MYC
transcript encodes a 114–amino acid peptide, MYC pre-mRNA encoded protein (MPEP), from the upstream open reading frame (uORF)
MPEP
. Secreted MPEP promotes patient-derived xenograft tumor growth in vivo, independent of MYC through direct binding, and activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TRKB), which induces downstream AKT-mTOR signaling. Targeting MPEP through genetic ablation reduced growth of patient-derived 4121 and 3691 glioblastoma stem cells. Administration of an MPEP-neutralizing antibody in combination with a small-molecule TRKB inhibitor reduced glioblastoma growth in patient-derived xenograft tumor–bearing mice. The overexpression of MPEP in surgical glioblastoma specimens predicted a poor prognosis, supporting its clinical relevance. In summary, our results demonstrate that tumor-specific translation of a
MYC
-associated uORF promotes glioblastoma growth, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma.
Molecular mechanisms of
Coxiella burnetii
formalin-fixed cellular vaccine reactogenicity
Authors: Fratzke A. P. , Szule J. A. , Butler S. M. , Schaik E. J. van , Samuel J. E.
Published: October 2024

Local and systemic reactogenic responses to Q-VAX have prevented licensing of this vaccine outside of Australia. These reactogenic responses occur in previously sensitized individuals and have not been well defined at the cellular level, in part because many studies have been done in guinea pigs that have limited molecular tools. We previously characterized a mouse model of reactogenicity where local reaction sites showed an influx of CD8+ and IFNγ-expressing IL17a+ CD4+ T cells consistent with a Th1 delayed-type hypersensitivity. In this study, we determined, using depletion and adoptive transfer experiments, that both anti-
Coxiella
antibodies and CD4+ T cells were essential for localized reactions at the site of vaccination. Furthermore, IFNγ depletion showed significant histological changes at the local reaction sites demonstrating the essential nature of this cytokine to reactogenicity. In addition to the cells and cytokines required for this response, we determined that whole cell vaccine (WCV) material remained at the site of vaccination for at least 26 weeks post-injection. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of these sites demonstrated intact rod-shaped bacteria at 2 weeks post-injection and partially degraded bacteria within macrophages at 26 weeks post-injection. Finally, because small cell variants (SCVs) are an environmentally stable form, we determined that local reactions were more severe when the WCV material was prepared with higher levels of SCVs compared to typical WCV or with higher levels of large cell variant (LCV). These studies support the hypothesis that antigen persistence at the site of injection contributes to this reactogenicity and that anti-
Coxiella
antibodies, CD4+ T cells, and IFNγ each contribute to this process.
Transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Jiangxi, China, and associated risk factors
Authors: Zhan Jiahuan , Wang Wei , Luo Dong , Chen Qiang , Yu Shengming , Yan Liang , Chen Kaisen
Published: October 2024

In order to effectively combat the urgent threat of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), it is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of the drug-resistant profiles, transmission dynamics, and associated risk factors. Our study encompassed a population-based retrospective analysis with 130 MDR-TB patients from 2018 to 2021. The research methodology incorporated whole-genome sequencing, drug susceptibility testing , and logistic regression analysis to discern the risk factors of genomic clustering linked to recent transmission. The findings from phenotypic drug resistance assessments revealed notable resistance rates: ethambutol at 62.3% (81/130), streptomycin at 72.3% (94/130), levofloxacin at 51.5% (67/130), and moxifloxacin at 50.0% (65/130). Furthermore, among all patients, 38 individuals (29.23%, 38/130) were found to be part of 17 clusters, indicating instances of recent MDR-TB transmission. The genomic clustering patients were deeply investigated. Lineage 2.2.1 was established as the primary sub-lineage (86.15%, 112/130), followed by lineage 4 (9.23%, 12/130). Moreover, the logistic regression analysis underscored that unemployment, farming occupations, and prior TB treatment were identified as significant risk factors for recent transmission.

IMPORTANCE

The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Jiangxi Province highlights the importance of understanding the genetic background and drug resistance patterns of these strains. This knowledge is crucial for developing effective control methods. Furthermore, in light of the significance of preventing transmission among tuberculosis patients, whole-genome sequencing was utilized to investigate the recent transmission of MDR-TB and identify associated risk factors. The findings revealed that individuals in the farming sector, those who are unemployed, and patients with a history of tuberculosis treatment are at elevated risk. Consequently, targeted public interventions for these at-risk groups are imperative.
Supplemental Material: Early Pleistocene glacier ice preserved in permafrost in the eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Coulombe Stephanie , al. et
Published: October 2024

Field and laboratory methods, Figures S1–S6, and Tables S1–S2.  
Supplemental Material: Ocean oxygenation and ecological restructuring caused by the late Paleozoic evolution of land plants
Authors: Stacey Jack , al. et
Published: October 2024

 Analytical data, outcrop and drill core locations, petrography, sample descriptions, and age constraints.  
Supplemental Material: Miocene ice sheet dynamics and sediment deposition in the central Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: McKay Robert , al. et
Published: October 2024

Grain size data for IODP Site U1521. 
Novel methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation presenting with neonatal encephalopathy, hair loss and marfanoid features
Authors: Parmar Vimesh , Singh Arunkumarendu , Madhudiya Rinkal
Published: October 2024

We present a case of a male term neonate with lethargy, hypotonia, hypoventilation and severe encephalopathy. The infant had a history of two siblings who died in the neonatal period from unclear causes. The infant exhibited skin and hair abnormalities, including desquamation of the extremities, angular stomatitis, cheilitis, neonatal acne and thin, sparse hair. Additionally, the infant had a tall stature; long, slender fingers and toes; and facial dysmorphism characterised by a long, narrow face with increased interpalpebral distance. The condition deteriorated rapidly, and unfortunately, death occurred before a definitive diagnosis could be established. Tandem mass spectrometry suggested low methionine and clinical exome sequencing identified a nonsense mutation in theMTHFRgene.
Untapped saga of paediatric nevo-blaschkoid seborrheic keratosis
Authors: Hegde Shibhani Sudheer , Patki Anil , Sardesai Vidyadhar R
Published: October 2024

Seborrheic keratosis (SK) has long been known to be an acquired benign tumour of adulthood. Nevo-blaschkoid pattern of SK presenting during infancy is rare and puts a clinician in a quandary regarding final diagnosis. This hypothesis of paediatric SK being a subtype of epidermal nevus (EN) has muddled the understanding of both disorders. There are histopathological pointers that differentiate seborrheic keratosis from SK-like histology of EN. Here, we present a child with blaschkoid SK with onset during infancy. Dermoscopic evaluation showed comedo-like openings suggestive of SK. The benefits of performing shave biopsy were twofold. Diagnostic confirmation of it being SK and not SK-type of EN and therapeutic option of their simultaneous removal ensured prompt management.
Evaluating artificial intelligence-driven stress echocardiography analysis system (EASE study): A mixed method study
Authors: Mahdavi Mahdi , Thomas Nicki , Flood Chris , Stewart-Lord Adele , Baillie Lesley , Grisan Enrico , Callaghan Patrick , Panayotova Rosica , Hothi Sandeep S , Griffith Virgil , Jayadev Sharanya , Frings Daniel
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The use and value of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tools and techniques are under investigation in detecting coronary artery disease (CAD). EchoGo Pro is a patented AI-driven stress echocardiography analysis system produced by Ultromics Ltd. (henceforth Ultromics) to support clinicians in detecting cardiac ischaemia and potential CAD. This manuscript presents the research protocol for a field study to independently evaluate the accuracy, acceptability, implementation barriers, users’ experience and willingness to pay, cost-effectiveness and value of EchoGo Pro.

Methods and analysis

The ‘Evaluating AI-driven stress echocardiography analysis system’ (EASE) study is a mixed-method evaluation, which will be conducted in five work packages (WPs). In WP1, we will examine the diagnostic accuracy by comparing test reports generated by EchoGo Pro and three manual raters. In WP2, we will focus on interviewing clinicians, innovation/transformation staff, and patients within the National Health Service (NHS), and staff within Ultromics, to assess the acceptability of this technology. In this WP, we will determine convergence and divergence between EchoGo Pro recommendations and cardiologists’ interpretations and will assess what profile of cases is linked with convergence and divergence between EchoGo Pro recommendations and cardiologists’ interpretations and how these link to outcomes. In WP4, we will conduct a quantitative cross-sectional survey of trust in AI tools applied to cardiac care settings among clinicians, healthcare commissioners and the general public. Lastly, in WP5, we will estimate the cost of deploying the EchoGo Pro technology, cost-effectiveness and willingness to pay cardiologists, healthcare commissioners and the general public. The results of this evaluation will support evidence-informed decision-making around the widespread adoption of EchoGo Pro and similar technologies in the NHS and other health systems.

Ethics approval and dissemination

This research has been approved by the NHS Health Research Authority (IRAS No: 315284) and the London South Bank University Ethics Panel (ETH2223-0164). Alongside journal publications, we will disseminate study methods and findings in conferences, seminars and social media. We will produce additional outputs in appropriate forms, for example, research summaries and policy briefs, for diverse audiences in NHS.
Adverse diagnostic events in hospitalised patients: a single-centre, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dalal Anuj K , Plombon Savanna , Konieczny Kaitlyn , Motta-Calderon Daniel , Malik Maria , Garber Alison , Lam Alyssa , Piniella Nicholas , Leeson Marie , Garabedian Pamela , Goyal Abhishek , Roulier Stephanie , Yoon Cathy , Fiskio Julie M , Schnock Kumiko O , Rozenblum Ronen , Griffin Jacqueline , Schnipper Jeffrey L , Lipsitz Stuart , Bates David W
Published: October 2024

Background

Adverse event surveillance approaches underestimate the prevalence of harmful diagnostic errors (DEs) related to hospital care.

Methods

We conducted a single-centre, retrospective cohort study of a stratified sample of patients hospitalised on general medicine using four criteria: transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), death within 90 days, complex clinical events, and none of the aforementioned high-risk criteria. Cases in higher-risk subgroups were over-sampled in predefined percentages. Each case was reviewed by two adjudicators trained to judge the likelihood of DE using the Safer Dx instrument; characterise harm, preventability and severity; and identify associated process failures using the Diagnostic Error Evaluation and Research Taxonomy modified for acute care. Cases with discrepancies or uncertainty about DE or impact were reviewed by an expert panel. We used descriptive statistics to report population estimates of harmful, preventable and severely harmful DEs by demographic variables based on the weighted sample, and characteristics of harmful DEs. Multivariable models were used to adjust association of process failures with harmful DEs.

Results

Of 9147 eligible cases, 675 were randomly sampled within each subgroup: 100% of ICU transfers, 38.5% of deaths within 90 days, 7% of cases with complex clinical events and 2.4% of cases without high-risk criteria. Based on the weighted sample, the population estimates of harmful, preventable and severely harmful DEs were 7.2% (95% CI 4.66 to 9.80), 6.1% (95% CI 3.79 to 8.50) and 1.1% (95% CI 0.55 to 1.68), respectively. Harmful DEs were frequently characterised as delays (61.9%). Severely harmful DEs were frequent in high-risk cases (55.1%). In multivariable models, process failures in assessment, diagnostic testing, subspecialty consultation, patient experience, and history were significantly associated with harmful DEs.

Conclusions

We estimate that a harmful DE occurred in 1 of every 14 patients hospitalised on general medicine, the majority of which were preventable. Our findings underscore the need for novel approaches for adverse DE surveillance.
Systematic screening for multimorbidities in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases enhanced preventive medication use and reduced hospitalisations: an exposed-non-exposed study
Authors: Immediato Daien Claire , Georgescu Vera , Decarriere Guillaume , Mercier Grégoire , Morel Jacques
Published: October 2024

Rational

Studies are needed to determine if multimorbidity screening and management reduce the rate of multimorbidity accumulation in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD).

Objectives

This study evaluates the impact of systematic screening programme on patient care and hospitalisation rates.

Methods

Patients with IRD who participated in the screening programme (exposed patients) were identified within the French national health database and matched with controls. Two sets of analysis were performed: one with multivariate analysis and a second using a propensity score matching to ensure comparability between exposed patients and controls. The primary endpoint (PE) was a composite score assessing the dispensation of multimorbidity-preventing drugs, including vaccines, lipid-lowering agents, antiosteoporotic medications and antiplatelet drugs, during the year following the index date.

Results

The first analysis included 286 exposed patients and 858 controls, demonstrating a higher rate of meeting the PE in exposed patients (adjusted OR=1.6 (1.2–2.2), p<0.01). Propensity score matching resulted in 281 exposed patients and 281 controls. Exposed patients exhibited a significantly higher rate of meeting the PE compared with controls (54.8% vs 44.5%; OR=1.5; p=0.015), with increased utilisation of vaccines, cholesterol-lowering drugs and antiosteoporotic medications. Furthermore, emergency admission and hospitalisations for fracture, cardiovascular events or infection were significantly less frequent in the exposed group (7.1% vs 15.3%; OR=0.42, p<0.01), with a reduction in severe infections (0.7% vs 3.9%; p=0.03).

Conclusion

Systematic multimorbidity screening in patients with IRD boosted preventive medication use and reduced hospital admissions, justifying time and resource allocation for screening.
Contrast experiments on breaching characteristics of landslide dams and debris-flow dams
Authors: Chen Huayong , Li Xiao , Chen Xiaoqing , Ruan Hechun , Wang Tao
Published: October 2024

The difference in soil properties determines the different breaching characteristics exhibited by landslide dams (LDs) and debris-flow dams (DFDs). In this study, two types of soil were prepared by controlling the initial water content and the mixing time of the soil to construct the LD and DFD. Based on observations of breach in dams with six different grain size distributions, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) the erosion resistance within the soil leads to a slower failure speed for DFD under the same grain size distribution and particle density. However, both types of dams exhibit a nonuniform downcutting process in the longitudinal direction, induced by uneven velocities. (2) Laterally, DFDs are characterized by the creep slide of the breach bank, distinct from the intermittent slide observed in LD. (3) For the range of conditions tested, the peak discharge of LD significantly exceeds that of DFD. Additionally, the flood curve of LD exhibits a bimodal characteristic, attributed to the slide of the bank slope and the nonuniform distribution of particles within the dam. Finally, a prediction formula for the downcutting coefficient of the breach was established and validated by past studies. This study provides a basis for predicting outburst floods of LD and DFD.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the TOPSIS approach for three-wire electrode machining of D2 steel using the wire EDM method
Authors: Dhana Satya Prathap Varma Uddarraju , Harish I. , Battina N Malleswararao , K Krishna Bhaskar , Giduturi Vamsi krishna , S Prakash Varma Potturi
Published: October 2024

Due to the high demand for D2 steel as a tool material and the difficulty of the machine, optimization of process parameters in advanced manufacturing machines is needed. This study investigates three wire electrodes: brass, coated copper, and annealed copper, analyzing their impact on tool material. Employing 0.25 mm wires, 10 mm D2 steel cubes are cut for consistent comparison. An L27 orthogonal array tests six parameters at three levels, optimizing with analytic hierarchy process technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (AHP-TOPSIS). The response parameters were the metal removal rate (MRR) and kerf width (KW). Pulse on/off time, wire tension, spark voltage, input current, and wire feed rate vary systematically for each wire. The tests validate the efficacy of the AHP-TOPSIS method in optimizing WEDM parameters and machining performance. ANOVA reveals pulse-on and pulse-off times as crucial factors for various wire electrodes. Under diverse conditions, pulse duration increases spark efficiency. Based on the AHP-TOPSIS method results, weights of outputs revealed that the annealed copper wire yields the highest MRR value (0.232 mm3/sec). The brass wire exhibited the lowest MRR value (0.127 mm3/sec) compared to the others.
Citizen science, accessibility, art & science, critical thinking, policy and engagement: thoughts and lessons learned from the REINFORCE experience
Authors: Angelidakis Stylianos , Avgitas Theodore , Chaniotakis Emmanouil , Casado Johanna , Coyle Paschal , de Wasseige Gwenhaël , Di Renzo Francesco , Fabian Claudia Magdalena , Fassouliotis Dimitrios , Fidecaro Francesco , Garcia Beatriz , Hemming Gary , Kourkoumelis Christine , Breton Rémy Le , Marteau Jacques , Mureddu Francesco , Napolano Vincenzo , Osimanti Francesco , Oukacha Enzo , Panagopoulou Maria , Pearson James , Razzano Massimiliano , Sotiriou Sofoklis , Serjeant Stephen , Spagnuolo Francesca , Unterfrauner Elisabeth , Vourakis Stylianos
Published: October 2024

REINFORCE (Research Infrastructures FOR Citizens in Europe) is a Research & Innovation Project, supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 SwafS, ‘Science with and for Society’ work programme (GA872859). The project, which ran from December, 2019, to November, 2022, engaged the public in a variety of innovative ways. Four citizen-science demonstrator projects were developed on the world-leading Zooniverse platform, each focussing on a different area of frontier physics: gravitational waves; neutrino astronomy; particle physics; and muography. A range of art and science events were launched and undertaken. A data-sonification tool—sonoUno—was developed in order to improve the accessibility of the data used in the four demonstrator projects. A course on critical thinking and a history of the Second Scientific Revolution was provided on YouTube and in podcast form, while a senior-citizen-science course was designed, co-developed and implemented. These initiatives were supported by a detailed engagement plan, a dedicated communications and dissemination strategy, and a constantly evolving assessment and evaluation approach. The experiences garnered during the project, in conjunction with consultations with project participants, volunteers and stakeholders, were built into the form of a policy roadmap explaining how to integrate citizen science into research infrastructures in Europe. The roadmap identifies a series of policy objectives and related policy gaps, associated challenges and lays out a series of recommendations. This article describes the results of the REINFORCE project and draws together the experiences of each of the involved twelve partner organisations.
On annulus presentations, dualizable patterns and RGB-diagrams
Authors: Tagami Keiji
Published: October 2024

The [Formula: see text]-trace of a knot is the [Formula: see text]-manifold represented by the [Formula: see text]-framing of the knot. In this paper, we survey methods constructing a pair of knots with diffeomorphic [Formula: see text]-traces. In particular, we focus on Gompf–Miyazaki’s dualizable pattern, Abe–Jong–Omae–Takeuchi’s band presentation, and RGB-diagram given by Piccirillo and named by the author, and we draw the relations among these methods directly. As an application, we give a sufficient condition that two knots obtained by Abe–Jong–Omae–Takeuchi’s method coincide.
Constructing Socially-Inspired Networks Using the Static Edge Voting Model
Authors: Pethes Róbert , Kovács Levente
Published: October 2024

Static Edge Voting Model is a random graph model that implements a streamlined approach to graph construction. Within this framework, a finite set of nodes constitutes the network, where each node establishes connections by “voting” for potential edges, influenced by their unique states. The probability of forming a connection between two distinct nodes depends on the aggregate votes. This study demonstrates how this model can be employed to generate networks that exhibit the key attributes of socially constructed networks. These networks have a giant component, are small-worlds, have a fat-tailed degree distribution, exhibit high clustering coefficients and assortative. The model’s parameters are intuitively interpretable, allowing for the manipulation of different network properties to quantify their impact on various processes.
On the rings whose injective right modules are max-projective
Authors: Alagöz Yusuf , Büyükaşık Engi̇n , Baran Yurtsever Haydar
Published: October 2024

Recently, right almost-[Formula: see text] (respectively, max-[Formula: see text]) rings that is the rings whose injective right modules are [Formula: see text]-projective (respectively, max-projective) were studied by the first two authors. In this paper, our aim is to give some further characterizations of these rings over more general classes of rings, and address several questions about these rings. We obtain characterizations of max-[Formula: see text] rings over several classes of rings including local, semilocal right semihereditary, right non-singular right Noetherian and right non-singular right finite dimensional rings. We prove that for a ring [Formula: see text] being right almost-[Formula: see text] and right max-[Formula: see text] are not left-right symmetric. We also show that right almost-[Formula: see text] and right max-[Formula: see text] rings are not closed under factor rings. This leads us to consider the rings all of whose factor rings are almost-[Formula: see text] and max-[Formula: see text].
Learning-Based Robust Control Policy Design for Vehicular Navigation via Ultra-Wideband Communication
Authors: Lei Siyu , Zhang Chengye , Gu Xiaobo , Qiu Jingsong , Gao Zheng , Chen Ci
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we investigate a learning-based framework that addresses the point-to-point vehicular navigation problem through a robust output regulation approach and test it through Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) communication noise data. Our focus is on the learning-based control policy design and ensuring the stability of the closed-loop system for vehicle dynamics. It is seen that our proposed solution, which relies on reinforcement learning, is data-driven and does not require accurate knowledge of the vehicle motion model. Specifically, we explore learning-based optimal tracking control through state feedback and output feedback, which we categorize as policy iteration and value iteration, respectively. To validate our approach, we incorporated noise samples from a real-world UWB positioning platform into our simulation. Our findings demonstrate that the learning-based method may be effective in both vehicular point-to-point tracking and interference tolerance, even in the presence of real-world noise interference.
Generalized Homogeneous Formation Control for Unicycle Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: Li Min , Ríos Héctor , Polyakov Andrey , Zheng Gang , Wang Siyuan
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the formation control problem for unicycle multi-agent systems is considered. The design of a generalized homogeneous leader–follower formation control protocol is studied which shows that such a control protocol can be obtained by “upgrading” from the classical linear control. With this proposed control protocol, a finite-time stability of the formation error is ensured if the acceleration of the leader is bounded by some known value. In addition, if the leader acceleration is unknown but bounded, the robust formation is achieved by ensuring the formation error’s input-to-state stability. Simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control protocol.
Clinical efficacy of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in Parkinson’s disease with cognitive impairment
Authors: Hu Canfang , Zhang Lei , Luo Guojun , Yao Hong , Song Xiayan , Liu Zhen
Published: October 2024

This paper provides some data to inform the potential of LIPUS in the treatment of PD-CI.
Impact of Structural Racism and Social Determinants of Health on Disparities in Breast Cancer Mortality
Authors: Falcone Mary , Salhia Bodour , Hughes Halbert Chanita , Roussos Torres Evanthia T. , Stewart Daphne , Stern Mariana C. , Lerman Caryn
Published: October 2024

The striking ethnic and racial disparities in breast cancer mortality are not explained fully by pathologic or clinical features. Structural racism contributes to adverse conditions that promote cancer inequities, but the pathways by which this occurs are not fully understood. Social determinants of health, such as economic status and access to care, account for a portion of this variability, yet interventions designed to mitigate these barriers have not consistently led to improved outcomes. Based on the current evidence from multiple disciplines, we describe a conceptual model in which structural racism and racial discrimination contribute to increased mortality risk in diverse groups of patients by promoting adverse social determinants of health that elevate exposure to environmental hazards and stress; these exposures in turn contribute to epigenetic and immune dysregulation, thereby altering breast cancer outcomes. Based on this model, opportunities and challenges arise for interventions to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer mortality.
Supplementary Table 2 from Blood Leukocyte DNA Methylation Markers of Periodontal Disease and Risk of Lung Cancer in a Case–Control Study Nested in the CLUE II Cohort
Authors: Mulvaney Rachel , Pan Yongyi , Zhao Naisi , Teles Flavia , Lu Jiayun , Platz Elizabeth A. , Kelsey Karl T. , Michaud Dominique S.
Published: October 2024

Table S2 shows associations between CpGs selected and risk of lung cancer among ever smokers in the CLUE study
Supplemental Table 2 from Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Factors Correlate with Late-Stage Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Report from the Children’s Oncology Group Registries
Authors: Ou Judy Y. , Kaddas Heydon K. , Alonzo Todd A. , Spector Logan G. , Fallahazad Negar , Owens Emily , Collin Lindsay J. , Green Adam L. , Kirchhoff Anne C.
Published: October 2024

Supplemental Table 2. Community Level Sociodemographic Factors and Late Stage Diagnosis Among Asian COG participants
Supplementary Table S4 from Neighborhood Disadvantage and Prostate Tumor Aggressiveness among African American and European American Men
Authors: Boyle Joseph , Yau Jessica , Slade Jimmie L. , Butts Derrick A. , Wimbush Jessica , Park Jong Y. , Hussain Arif , Onukwugha Eberechukwu , Knott Cheryl L. , Wheeler David C. , Barry Kathryn Hughes
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S4: Summary of models by neighborhood metric when only using clinical information to classify prostate tumor aggressiveness.
Supplementary Table 6 from Association between Long-term Energy Balance–Related Factors and Survival in Colorectal Cancer Overall and by Metabolic Warburg-Subtypes
Authors: Offermans Kelly , Jenniskens Josien C.A. , Simons Colinda C.J.M. , Samarska Iryna , Fazzi Gregorio E. , Smits Kim M. , Schouten Leo J. , Weijenberg Matty P. , Grabsch Heike I. , van den Brandt Piet A.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table 6 – Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for associations between Warburg-subtypes and overall survival of colorectal cancer patients within the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS, 1986-2006) within subgroups based on long-term energy balance-related factors. Patients diagnosed within 5 years after baseline were excluded from analyses.
Table S5 from Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lifestyle and Reproductive Factors Associated with Risk of Breast Cancer in Asian Women
Authors: Ang Boon Hong , Teo Soo-Hwang , Ho Weang-Kee
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S5 presents the relevant estimates with 95% confidence intervals of the association between breast cancer risk factors and breast cancer risk, categorised by location in Asian populations.
Supplementary Table S1 Trastuzumab coding references in the SACT dataset from Sociodemographic Disparities in HER2+ Breast Cancer Trastuzumab Receipt: An English Population-Based Study
Authors: Norris Ruth P. , Dew Rosie , Greystoke Alastair , Cresti Nicola , Cain Henry , Todd Adam , Sharp Linda
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S1 Trastuzumab coding references in the SACT dataset_Clean