bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic properties of cannabinoid drugs and marijuana in several disorders: A narrative review
Authors: Nanni Alvarado Ricardo Iván ,   Dirección General Adjunta de Políticas y Programas contra las Adicciones, Comisión Nacional Contra las Adicciones, Ciudad de México, México., Martín del Campo Sánchez Raúl , Villamil Salcedo Valerio ,   Dirección General de Políticas y Programas contra las Adicciones, Comisión Nacional Contra las Adicciones, Ciudad de México, México.,   Departamento de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México.
Published: June 2017

Background. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and other effects have been attributed to cannabis, and so it has been widely used to treat several diseases. Objective. To assess the use and therapeutic effects of cannabinoid drugs and the cannabis plant in several diseases. Method. We carried out a narrative review of the literature that has reported the use of the cannabis plant (marijuana) and cannabinoid drugs (nabilone, cannabinol and dronabinol, among others). We conducted a search in Medline, Cochrane, SciELO and other web sites. Clinical, controlled, double-blind and randomized studies were included. The route of administration and the cannabinoid drugs used were assessed too. Results. Thirty-four studies were included. Nabilone was the cannabinoid drug more commonly used (12 studies), followed by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (11 studies). It was also found that the marijuana plant and cannabinoid drugs were used to treat many symptoms or diseases. Two studies were reported for Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome. Discussion and conclusion. Many scientific studies on the marijuana plant and cannabinoid drugs conclude that these are not as effective as conventional medications and thus their benefits should be taken with caution.
Professional deformation of the personality of employees of operative divisions of Internal Affairs and its prevention
Authors: Borisova S.E.
Published: June 2017

Presents results of a case study of the essence and specific features of professional deformation of employees of operative divisions of internal Affairs bodies. With this purpose, respondents fifty employees of operational units of internal Affairs bodies, of which 54% are persons holding relevant management posts (Deputy heads of police for operational work, and others), and 52% have special ranks of senior officers. The average length of service of respondents in operational units of internal Affairs bodies was 9.5 years. Detail is characterized by the commitment of staff to professional deformation of the personality, stand out the dominant factors causing the development of this phenomenon. Provides a list of the manifestations of professional deformation of the personality and discuss the most important ones and typical for workers in this category. The indicators of the survey are compared with data of other scientific research, reflected in publications. A separate value is given to the prevention of professional deformation of the personality, including those in educational institutions of higher education. Discusses a fragment of the methodology for the conduct of practical exercises as part of psychological-pedagogical prevention of professional deformation of the personality of the heads of divisions of internal Affairs bodies.
Social representations and information security of children and adolescents: the point of view of teachers (Part 2)
Authors: Bovina I.B. , Dvoryanchikov N.V. , Gayamova S. , Milekhin A.V. , Budykin S.V.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of the presented study is to analyze the social representations about the information security of children and adolescents in groups of teachers. The study is based on the ideas of the social representations theory, in particular, on the connection between social practices and social representations. The object of the study was teachers of secondary schools, the sample was 102 people aged 22 to 65 years, (M = 39.36 years, SD = 11.12 years, 91 women and 11 men). As a matter of the experience of schoolchildren all respondents were divided into three groups: teachers of children, teachers of adolescents, teachers of children and adolescents. The subject of the study was to reveal the specificity of the representations of teachers about the information security of children and adolescents. The supposed to revel the specificity of the representations as a matter of experience with schoolchildren of various ages. To test the assumptions, a questionnaire was developed, it consisted of 6 parts: In the first part, respondents were asked to evaluate this or that type of information, in terms of the threat it poses to the safety of children and adolescents. In the next four parts of the questionnaire, respondents were asked to answer questions of so-called «vignettes» (hypothetical situations), in each case it was necessary to propose a plan of action in the situation. The last part contained socio-demographic issues. As the volume of the article is limited, the present section discusses the results of the threat assessment and two hypothetical situations out of four.
Activities aimed at encouraging children to suicidal behavior: judicial-psychological examination
Authors: Safuanov F.S. , Sekerazh T.N.
Published: June 2017

Federal law of June 7, 2017 g. № 120-FZ "On amendments to the criminal code of the Russian Federation and article 151 of the Criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation in the part of establishing additional mechanisms to counter activities aimed at encouraging children to suicidal behavior" establishes criminal liability for inducement to commit suicide or assist in its Commission (article 110.1 of the criminal code), as well as for the organization of activities aimed at encouraging citizens to commit suicide (article 110.2 of the criminal code). Two additions to the criminal code include using a publicly performed work, the media or information and telecommunications networks (including network "Internet"). There are new legal consequences relevant to forensic psychological assessment related to suicide. The article analyzes the legal situation (pre-investigation check of materials and incitement to suicide) that define the subject of judicial-psychological or psychological and psychiatric examinations as the mental state of the subject in the period preceding the suicide (death). Legislative innovations require expertise in psychology and linguistics. One of the subjects of psychological-linguistic expertise is the focus of the information material (text, graphic, together verbal and non-verbal information) or the communicative activity of the subject to encourage the addressee to co-concluding suicide. Formulate possible questions for the ex-experts and psychologists.
Professionally important qualities of the head of the middle level in the penitentiary system of Russia
Authors: Bovin B.G. , Iriskhanov A.A.
Published: June 2017

The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted on a representative sample of the penitentiary system staff. The subject of the study were deputy heads of correctional institutions and heads of departments in various areas of work in the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the North Caucasus Federal District, enlisted in the reserve for higher managerial positions. The purpose of the study is to determine the professionally important qualities (PIQ) of middle managers and to identify potential abilities for managerial activities at a higher position. According to expert estimates, given by immediate supervisors to candidates for the reserve for nomination, the general level of development of the TAC was determined. The psychodiagnostic examination of candidates enrolled in the reserve for nomination, using the methods used in the centers of psychodiagnostics (CPD) of the territorial bodies of the penitentiary system during admission to the service, made it possible to identify potential abilities for responsible higher-level administrative work and psychological contraindications to the employment of a higher middle management.
Clinical and psychological aspects of adolescent involvement in extremist and terrorist activities
Authors: Oshevsky D.S.
Published: June 2017

The article deals with the clinical and psychological aspects of including minors in terrorist and extremist activities. In the historical perspective, it was traced how the views on the role of mental disorders in the genesis of such crimes changed. It is shown that terrorist and extremist activity must be viewed as a complex multi-factor phenomenon, in which socio-psychological components play a leading role. It is noted that the psychopathological process can act as a prerequisite for inclusion in such radical groups. Psychoanalytic, sociological, cognitive approaches, theories of social learning and the concept of diffuse ego-identity making attempts to explain the mechanisms of terrorist and extremist activity in minors are analyzed. The problem of insufficient study of the influence of the Internet and social networks on the formation of readiness for admission to adolescents in radical organizations is posed.
BRINGING THE FACTORY BACK IN: THE CRUMBLING OF CONSENT AND THE MOLDING OF COLLECTIVE CAPACITY AT WORK*
Authors: Rojas René
Published: June 2017

Scholarship on worker collective action has followed activists' turn from labor process to labor movement, privileging external opportunities for protest and resources for organizing. Persuaded by growing appeals to examine the impact of capitalism on protest, I “bring the factory back in” to analyze how the recent restructuring of a Bronx factory's labor process shaped employees' capacities for sustained collective action. Employing participant observation and in-depth interviews within an extended-case framework, I trace the impact of worksite reorganization on shop-floor “games.” I argue that workers sustained a surprisingly long strike after a management offensive dissolved consent and unexpectedly generated a horizontal class realignment. Combining opposing labor-process perspectives, my account is predicated on the how the impact of deskilling interacts with worker behaviors patterned on preexisting hegemonic factory institutions. Though similar cases of hegemonic breakdown will not result in a resurgence of protest across American worksites, my research supports calls for a resurgence of scholarship on production as one central factor shaping collective worker behaviors.
Comparison between paracervical and intracervical block before procedures on uterine cavity and cervical dilatation
Authors: M. Jayaraman Nambiar , Kurri Hema Prasanna , Pai Muralidhar V.
Published: June 2017

Background: Procedures like dilatation and curettage and manual vacuum aspirations are one of the commonest procedures conducted in the outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Objective of present study was to find out whether intracervical block is as effective as paracervical block in patients undergoing cervical dilatation and procedures on uterine cavity.Methods: Patients undergoing dilatation and curettage or manual vacuum aspiration were given either paracevrical block or intracervical block. The pain during cervical dilatation and curettage or manual vacuum aspiration were assessed on a 10 cm visual analogue scale.Results: Mean visual analogue score during dilatation was comparable in both groups. Mean visual analogue score were comparable during dilatation in both groups before curettage or manual vacuum aspiration. Mean visual analogue scores during manual vacuum aspiration or curettage was also comparable with both groups. One patient had a serious side effect of convulsion during paracervical block.Conclusions: Intracervical block is preferable to paracervical block during procedures like cervical dilatation and on procedures on uterine cavity as intracervical block requires less technical precision than paracervical block.
Manuscript of risk factors for cancer cervix: an analysis of 1000 cases
Authors: Parija Jita , Mohapatra Janmejaya , Padhy Ashok
Published: June 2017

Background: The global incidence of cervical cancer varies (5 lakhs new cases/year), highest in developing countries with >50% dying. Identification of risk factors is necessary to curb the disease.Methods: In this study 1000 married women, attending A.H. Regional Cancer Centre Gynecological-Oncology OPD, from April 2016- March 2017 were randomly selected and subjected to Pap smear test of cervix and abnormal smears, biopsied. Histopathological report of HSIL/invasive carcinoma had HPV-DNA testing. Factors like menarche, coitarche, age at marriage, parity, contraception, smoking habit and socio-economic status were noted.Results: In our study, HSIL was 4.2% and invasive cancer was 2.8%. Multiparity (>5) showed invasive cancer in 57.1% of cases. Menarche between 11-13 years had invasive cancer in 67.9%.  Incidence of invasive carcinoma in women married < 15 years was 42.9%. Barrier contraception showed protective role. In patients below poverty line, 78.6%, showed invasive cancer. Rural women showed a higher incidence of invasive carcinoma (67.9%). About 53.6% of invasive cancers were positive for HPV DNA.Conclusions: Early menarche, early coitarche, early marriage, high parity, use of contraception other than barrier, low socioeconomic status, poor habitat and HPV infection, carried a high risk of developing cervical cancer. None of the patients in the study group smoked. HPV infection was the most important risk factor. Improvement of socioeconomic status, education and cervical cancer screening of the high-risk group can reduce cervical cancer mortality and morbidity significantly.
Clinico-haematological profile of dengue virus infection at rural tertiary care centre in North India
Authors: Ram Vidyasagar , Zafar Khwaja Saifullah , Kumar Manoj , Vaishya Ganga Prasad , Ahmad Ejaz , Pal Jay Prakash
Published: June 2017

Background: In India, dengue epidemics are becoming more frequent. Dengue viral infections are among the most important mosquito-borne disease of the Indian subcontinent. The study aimed to compare the clinical and haematological profile of all patients diagnosed with dengue viral infection. Patient with confirmed infection with dengue virus were prospectively evaluated for disease progression and to determine their final clinical outcome. The objective of the study was to study the clinico-haematological profile of dengue infection at rural tertiary care centre.Methods: This prospective study included 456 clinically suspected cases of dengue infection of ages more than 14 years of age. Dengue was confirmed by serological methods. Confirmed cases of dengue infection were analyzed according to age, sex and education. Clinical and hematological data were compared between dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever.Results: Serologic dengue infection was positive in 220 (48%) out of 456 clinically suspected cases of the dengue infection. 127 (57.73%) patients were males and 93 (42.27%) were females. 149 (67.72%) patient had dengue fever while 71 (32.27%) had dengue hemorrhagic fever. The proportion of dengue cases was highest among male aged 15 to 24 years-old. A gradual decrease occurred in the percentage of dengue cases in the population aged 44 years-old or more. Common clinical symptoms were fever, headache, abdominal pain, myalgia, joint pain and retro-orbital pain. Common haematological abnormalities were thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and elevated alanine aminotransferase (SGOT).Conclusions: Differences in the clinical, biochemical and haematological profile of dengue virus infection, indicative of a variation in disease severity from DF to DHF. In this study, we present recent data on readily obtained clinical and laboratory data that can be used for early diagnosis and earlier appropriate treatment of dengue virus infection.
Study of serum folate and ferritin levels in patients of infantile tremor syndrome
Authors: Parmar Ritesh Nandlal , Bharani Sheela
Published: June 2017

Background: Infantile tremor syndrome (ITS) is a very common clinical entity. The etiology of ITS remains obscure. Various hypothesis has been proposed including vitamin B12 deficiency. But it remains to be seen whether there are other contributory factors also. So, this study was conducted to study serum folate levels, serum ferritin levels and type of anemia in patients with infantile tremor syndrome.Methods: The study was a prospective study carried out in the inpatients of department of pediatrics, SSG hospital. Those patients who had clinical features of infantile tremor syndrome but had not received any hematinics or blood transfusion in the past were included in the study. A total of 40 patients were studied. These patients were studied according to the set proforma and were subjected to routine hematological investigations like complete blood count, peripheral smear, blood indices, CRP and serum ferritin and folate levels.Results: Anemia of varying degree was present in all the patients. None of the patients showed low serum folate levels. Serum ferritin levels were low in 2 patients (5%).Conclusions: Folic acid deficiency does not occur and play any role in the etiology of ITS. Iron deficiency is seen in a very small proportion of patients with ITS.
Reflections On The Framework Of Water Governance In South Africa
Authors: Stuart‐Hill Sabine , Schulze Roland
Published: June 2017

South Africa is a water scarce country and faces challenges of water distribution and fair allocation. In the country's political landscape water thus took a center stage position in the past and continues to do so. Water has been politicized since the 1950s and represents a technological flagship of the country. In preceding decades engineering aspects dominated the legal, policy, and decision‐making water landscape. At the same time water policies reinforced the ideas of apartheid and disempowerment. The early 1980s saw legislation focusing more on the conservation of natural agricultural resources by maintaining the production potential of land with special focus given to combating and preventing soil erosion and the weakening or destruction of water sources. With the advent of a democratic South Africa in 1994, the 1956 Water Act was abolished and replaced with two Acts, viz. the National Water Act (NWA of 1998) and the Water Services Act (WSA of 1997) reflecting a massive regime shift that was aimed at transformation, empowerment, and economic growth. Overall, South Africa's water legislation is highly innovative, due to a constitutional right to water and a healthy environment reflected by the so‐called Reserve allocated to human use and the environment. Further, the water legislation is based on a highly integrated approach, catchment‐based management, and underpinned by strong participatory principles. Its implementation though is not without problems, these mainly being lack of adequate approaches and enforcement as well a deskilling, staff turn‐over and coordination challenges in government. In conclusion, the paper shows that the sector's legislation appears to be in a continual state of flux, and the transparencies of the 1990s are seemingly diminishing, with the decentralization initiatives in the field of water legislation of two decades ago appearing to be replaced by a recentralization. The latter is in urgent need of further investigations by scientists of all disciplines in order to better understand the forces at play.
Investigation of Salivary Gland Pathology
Authors: Nihara M. Zulfath , Chandrika K. Udhaya , Sundari R. Vijaya , Yi Tan Shi , Ramesh Maya
Published: June 2017

Salivary gland pathology is diverse in nature and mainly inflammatory or neoplastic. Salivary gland tumours present as painless enlarging masses. Most of the tumours are located in parotid glands and many of them are benign. The management of these tumours is difficult just like the diagnosis of benign and malignant tumours. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans provide some useful information in diagnosis, but most of the tumours will require surgical excision as a means of coming to a definitive diagnosis. Surgical approach is adequate for benign tumours and early low grade malignancies whereas post operative radiotherapy is needed for more advanced and high grade tumours with regional lymph node metastasis. The role of chemotherapy remains largely palliative. This article throws light on some of the more important aspects in the investigations of salivary gland pathologies.
Prevalence of Eruption of Third Molar Tooth among South Indians and Malaysians
Authors: Ren Calvin Gan Chee , Kumar B. Senthil
Published: June 2017

Introduction:In prehistoric humans, when the jaw size permitted space for normal dental development and position in the arches, third molar may have been a vital survival tool. However, as human evolution has progressed, jaw size has been gradually decreasing (Lamarckian Evolution). Hence due to the decrease in size of the jaw bone, it’s been reported that approximately 65% of the human population has at least one impacted third molar, and third molars that do erupt are often malposed in the arches and are consequently difficult to clean and prone for infection.
Aim and Objective: To study the prevalence of eruption of third molar tooth among South Indians and Malaysians by observing the presence of third molars among them and to analyze the percentage of impacted third molars and congenital absence of third molar teeth among the Indian and Malaysian population.

Materials and Methods:50 Malaysians and 50 Indians (25 males and 25 females in each population) aged between 17 to 25 years old were examined for the presence or absence of the third molars. To confirm the congenital absence of third molars, Orthopantomograms (OPG) were taken.

 

Results and Conclusion: In South Indian Population, it was noted that only 48% of males and 64% of females have congenital absence of third molar, and 52% of males and 36% of females have erupted third molars. 16% of males had partly impacted third molar whereas in case of female it was 28%. Congenital absence of third molars among females was 16% more than in males. More males (36%) had impacted third molars than females (24%). It was also noted that majority of them have their maxillary third molars erupted first before their mandibular third molars. In Malaysian Population, it was noted that only 28% of males and 20% of females had congenital absence of third molars, and 72% of males and 80% of females had erupted third molars. 40% of males had partly impacted third molar whereas in case of female it was 52%. Congenital absence of third molars among males was 8% more than females. More males (32%) had impacted third molars than females (28%). It was also noted that in majority of them their mandibular third molars had erupted before their maxillary third molars. When compared among south Indians and Malaysian population congenital absence and impacted third molars are more common in south Indians, whereas partly impacted third molar is more common among Malaysians.
Catalytic Synthesis of the Esters of Phosphorus Acids from White Phosphorus and Aliphatic or Aromatic Alcohols
Authors: Abdreimova R.R. , Faizova F.Kh. , Akbayeva D.N. , Polimbetova G.S. , Aibasova S.M. , Borangazieva A.K. , Aliev M.B.
Published: June 2017

The various esters of the phosphoric and phosphorous acids have been obtained directly from white phosphorus and aliphatic (or aromatic) alcohols under aerobic atmosphere in the presence of the CuX2 or FeX3 (X = Cl, NO3, C3H7CO2) salts. Irrespective of the variable nature of the used alcohols and catalysts, trialkyl(aryl) phosphates and dialkyl phosphites are a major products, whereas trialkyl(aryl) phosphites and dialkyl phosphates are a minor products of the phosphorylation process. Thanks to the presence of catalysts, the possible side reaction route of the radical chain oxidation of white phosphorus by oxygen to phosphorus oxides has been precluded. A comparison between the catalytic properties of CuX2 and FeX3 has been done. Although both of them have been found an efficient catalysts for the syntheses, the Cu(II) salts are active at 50-65 °C, whereas the Fe(III) based catalytic systems become competitive in terms of catalytic efficiency when reaction is carried out at 70-90 °C. Aromatic alcohols are characterised by less reactivity in this catalytic reaction as compared with an aliphatic ones. The same coordinative redox mechanism of the oxidative P-O coupling of P4 to ROH in the presence of both Cu(II) and Fe(III) catalysts has been proposed. Relevant steps of the catalytic cycle including the complexation of both white phosphorus and alcohol molecules to metal ion, the reduction of catalyst by white phosphorus, and the oxidation of reduced form of catalyst by oxygen have been also considered.
Rule of Law y discrecionalidad judicial: compatibilidad y recíproca limitación
Authors: Etcheverry Juan Bautista
Published: June 2017

Con este trabajo se busca clarificar la compatibilidad entre las exigencias del rule of law y el fenómeno de la discrecionalidad judicial. Para llevar a cabo este objetivo será necesario, en primer lugar, establecer qué entendemos por rule of law y por discrecionalidad judicial. Así, por un lado, se propondrá una concepción de la discrecionalidad judicial en parte originada por la inevitable y, en algunos casos, hasta deseable indeterminación parcial del derecho y cuya característica principal está vinculada con un cierto margen de decisión libre del que gozan en algunos casos los jueces entre, al menos, dos posibilidades justificadas de actuación. Además, se propondrá una noción de las exigencias del rule of law como ideales orientados a servir fines valiosos, que admiten grados en su cumplimiento, que resulta imposible cumplir completamente con ellos e, incluso, indeseable en algunos casos hacerlo en la mayor medida posible. A partir de estas nociones se buscará mostrar que, si entendemos a las exigencias del rule of law de modo tal que no siempre deban ser cumplidas completamente, e incluso que en algunos casos no deban ser cumplidas en la mayor medida posible, ellas podrán ser conciliables con el fenómeno de la discrecionalidad judicial.
El Estado colombiano ante un arbitraje internacional de inversión
Authors: Castro Peña María Natalia
Published: June 2017

Los “acuerdos internacionales de inversión” otorgan una serie de garantías y derechos a la inversión extranjera establecida en los Estados receptores; la protección de estos derechos está dada por los mecanismos de solución de controversias inversionista-Estado. Hasta ahora, Colombia está enfrentando por primera vez el reto de defenderse ante un panel arbitral internacional. Para tal propósito, el Estado colombiano ajustó su esquema institucional e implementó mecanismos para prevenir y atender efectivamente las controversias surgidas de estos tratados internacionales, a través de un marco jurídico por etapas, el cual está comprendido por una fase de arreglo directo y una de arbitraje. En línea con lo anterior, se adoptó una política para capacitar sobre los tratados internacionales y comprender su alcance, identificar los riesgos, prevenir las controversias y reducir el riesgo de demandas por las actuaciones de cualquier órgano del Estado.
University History in the Czech Republic = Historia de la Universidad en la República Checa
Authors: Fasora Lukáš , Hanuš Jiří
Published: June 2017

Abstract: This text provides a historiographical overview of research into university history in the Bohemian lands. The authors point to the limited standing that the specialized discipline of university history has within Czech historiography, and summarize the methodological difficulties which prevent this discipline from gaining more respect. This is mainly due to it being too closely connected with anniversaries and, consequently, the uncertain existence of research teams. From a methodological perspective, this organizational problem results in the over-representation of institutional biographies in the portfolio of studies, while a greater proportion of the publications interpret university history in isolation from the rest of the society and are a priori success stories. It has only been over the past two decades that there have been changes in the discipline which have rapidly brought it up to speed in methodological terms with other, more traditional historical disciplines. The text also focuses on an overview of important, breakthrough works in the discipline and their place within socio-political changes, with special attention paid to the oldest Czech university in Prague, though there is also an examination of interesting trends in the research into the history of newer, provincial Czech universities.Resumen: Este texto ofrece una visión historiográfica de la investigación sobre la historia de las universidades en Bohemia. Los autores apuntan a que la disciplina especializada de la historia de la universidad tiene una posición limitada dentro de la historiografía checa y resumen las dificultades metodológicas que impiden que esta disciplina gane más presencia. Esto se debe principalmente a que la historia de las universidades está demasiado vinculada con los aniversarios y, por consiguiente, con la incertidumbre de los equipos de investigación. Desde un punto de vista metodológico, este problema organizativo da como resultado la sobre-representación de las biografías institucionales mientras que una mayor proporción de las publicaciones interpreta la historia universitaria aislada del resto de la sociedad y son historias de éxito a priori. Sólo en las dos últimas décadas se han producido cambios en la disciplina que lo han acelerado rápidamente en términos metodológicos con otras disciplinas históricas más tradicionales. El texto también se centra en una visión general de los trabajos importantes, de avance en la disciplina y de su lugar. Los cambios socio-políticos, con una atención especial a la universidad checa más vieja en Praga, aunque hay también un examen de tendencias interesantes en la investigación en la historia de las universidades checas más nuevas, provinciales.Keywords: university history, Bohemian lands, historiographical overview.Palabras clave: historia de la universidad, territorios de Bohemia, panorama historiográfico.
Las investigaciones sobre la historia de las universidades en Italia. Un balance historiográfico del siglo pasado = Research on the History of Universities in Italy. A Historiographical Overview of the Last Century
Authors: Pomante Luigiaurelio
Published: June 2017

Resumen:  Este trabajo tiene la intención de reconstruir la historia de la historiografía de la Universidad italiana de los últimos cien años. Desde los primeros intentos de principios del siglo XX en algunas de las universidades más antiguas por crear organismos y estructuras para la investigación en la educación superior, la obra recorre las etapas más importantes de un itinerario donde poco a poco se han multiplicado las oportunidades para la discusión entre los estudiosos de toda la península. Desde los años noventa del siglo pasado dicha investigación sin lugar a dudas vivió un momento de especial florecimiento y renovación de cuyo trabajo se da ampliamente cuenta. Sobre la base de un considerable número de conferencias organizadas en varias ciudades italianas y de una cantidad notable de producciones científicas sobre el tema de la educación superior en Italia, se analizan los avances metodológicos más importantes y las principales perspectivas de investigación y se descubren nuevas e interesantes categorías hermenéuticas.Abstract: his paper intends to reconstruct a history of the Italian university historiography of the last hundred years. Since the early attempts of the early twentieth century started in some of the oldest universities to create organisms for research and structures in higher education, the work retraces the most important stages of a process in which have progressively offer many opportunities for discussion between experts in this sector of the entire Peninsula. Since the nineties of the last century these researches have undoubtedly experienced a moment of particular flowering and renewal whose work gives ample account. On the basis of a considerable number of conferences organized in various Italian cities and a considerable amount of scientific production on the theme of higher education in Italy, will therefore analyze the most significant methodological and the mostrecent perspectives of research and identify new and interesting categories hermeneutical.Palabras clave: historia de la universidad, educación superior, historiografía, bibliografía, Italia, siglos XX-XXI.Keywords: history of the university, higher education, historiography, bibliography, Italy, XX-XXI Centuries.
Portuguese Universities: Historiographical Overview = Universidades portuguesas: una visión general de su historiografía
Authors: Taveira da Fonseca Fernando
Published: June 2017

Abstract: The purpose of this essay, rather than an exhaustive presentation of the historiographical output on Portuguese universities, is to lead the reader to the threshold of a comprehensive knowledge of the achievements and problems in this field; and try to provide a working tool for future research. Encompassing a long time span, with several changes in the higher education system in Portugal, besides mentioning general works and source publication, it approaches some topics: material conditions (buildings and funding), students and student culture, professors (with a glimpse on scientific production).Resumen: La intención de este trabajo, más que hacer una presentación exhaustiva de la producción historiográfica sobre las universidades portuguesas, es conducir el lector hasta el umbral de un conocimiento informado de lo conseguido y de los problemas en esta materia; y también proporcionar un instrumento para ulterior investigación. Abarcando un largo período temporal con cambios notables en el sistema de educación superior en Portugal, aborda distintos tópicos como sean las condiciones materiales (los edificios y la financiación), los estudiantes y su cultura peculiar, los profesores (con una breve mirada a la producción científica). Keywords: Portuguese universities, historiography, material conditions, students,professors.Palabras clave: universidades portuguesas, historiografía, condiciones materiales, estudiantes, profesores.
Free Radicals in Down's Syndrome, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sammut Luke
Published: June 2017

A free radical is an atom or group of atoms that have one or more unpaired electrons that can be considered as fragments of molecules and which are generally very reactive. Free Radicals can have positive, negative or neutral charge. They are produced continuously in cells either as accidental by-products of metabolism or deliberately during, for example, phagocytosis. The most important reactants in free radical biochemistry in aerobic cells are oxygen and its radical derivatives (superoxide and hydroxyl radical), hydrogen peroxide and transition metals. Cells have developed a comprehensive array of antioxidant defences to prevent free radical formation or limit their damaging effects. These include enzymes to decompose peroxides, proteins to sequester transition metals and a range of compounds to ‘scavenge’ free radicals. Reactive free radicals formed within cells can oxidise biomolecules and lead to cell death and tissue injury. Establishing the involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis of a disease is extremely difficult due to the short lifetimes of these species. We describe the role of free radicals in Down's syndrome, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Rheumatoid arthritis.
The Significance of the Short Story in Indian English Literature
Authors: Marreddy Y. L.
Published: June 2017

The beginnings of the Indian short story in English were made under the influence of the Britishers. English Short Story began towards the close of the nineteenth Century in India. It is the distinct from the fables of the ‘Hitopadesh’ and the tales of Panchatantra’. The short Story has become the major expression of literature in India which is used as a weapon to rise the voice of Indians against the Britishers culturally and Politically. The Fragmentation of experience as a result of the increasing complexity of social changes, seems to make the short story an apt vehicle for exploring the dark places of the human spirit and disembodied states of being. It is a voyage of discovery of self-discovery, of self – realisation for the character.
SINTESIS CERAMIC METAL (CERMET) Ni-YSZ DARI ZIRKON LOKAL SEBAGAI MATERIAL ANODA SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL
Authors: Apriany Karima , Rahmawati Fitria
Published: June 2017

Guna meningkatkan nilai ekonomi dari konsentrat zirkon lokal dari Pulau Bangka, Cermet Ni-YSZ disintesis dari zirkonia yang sebelumnya telah disintesis dari konsentrat zirkon lokal. Cermet Ni-YSZ disintesis dengan menggunakan metode solid state reaction. Analisis XRD yang dilengkapi dengan refinement Le Bail telah dilakukan untuk menganalisis struktur kristal dan parameter sel dari material. YSZ dipreparasi dengan melakukan doping 8% mol yttrium oxide kedalam zirkonia dan kemudian disinter pada suhu 1250 oC selama 3 jam. ada penambahan doping 8% mol yttria memungkikan transfomasi fasa dari zirkonia dari tetragonal menjadi struktur kubik. Sementara itu, cermet Ni-YSZ memiliki fasa kristalin, Ni dengan struktur kubik dan YSZ dengan struktur kubik. analisis sem dari material-material tesebut  menunjukan bahwa adanya penambahan Ni kedalam YSZ memungkinan morfologi menjadi lebih kasar dengan ukuran butir besar yang disebabkan adanya agglomerasi Ni terhadap YSZ. cermet Ni-YSZ memiliki konduktivitas tertinggi pada komposisi Ni:YSZ 20:80.
Calcination on Ca-Mg-Al Hydrotalcite from Brine Water and Its Characterization
Authors: Heraldy Eddy , Nugrahaningtyas Khoirina Dwi , Heriyanto Heriyanto
Published: June 2017

The study of calcination treatment at 450°C on Ca-Mg-Al-hydrotalcite from brine water has been investigated. Characterization by XRD shows that Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite compound has found hydrotalcite phase and another phase such as Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3 and CaCO3. These results are confirmed by the presence of hydroxyl groups, M-O and M-OH groups (M is Mg, Ca and Al) at wavenumber region around 3464.35 cm-1, 447.50 cm-1 and 531.41 cm-1. The calcination effect on Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite compounds at 450ºC being led to changes in structure become an metal oxide such as MgO, CaO, Al2O3, MgAl2O4 and CaCO3. These results are confirmed from decreasing on the absorption peak of M-OH group at wavenumbers region around 531.41 cm-1 and 786.99 cm-1 and widening of the absorption region at 500-900 cm-1. Consequently, the calcination treatment successfully increased the surface area of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite compounds from 97.4 m2/g to 156.826 m2/g. Morphology of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite changes the shape from a big to be small shape and the particle size distribution of 0-0.25 μm into 0-1 μm. Thermal analysis showed changes in the structure of hydrotalcite into oxide begins at a temperature of 265°C and started to become oxide completely after the temperature reaches 428°C.
Special Issue on Green and Lean Production
Authors: Nakano Masaru , Kojima Fumio
Published: June 2017

Green production for a sustainable world has increased in importance as society has increased in its awareness of global warming, energy security, pollution, and the metals shortage. Lean production is a concept considered in successful manufacturing enterprises. Green and lean are often achieved together, such when both waste and energy consumption are reduced. On the other hand, the two are sometimes thought to be at odds, such as when the frequent transportation and small lot size often used in lean production consumes more energy usage than does conventional production. The integration of green and lean is familiar to those who study sustainability. The three bottom lines of sustainability are ecological, economic, and social sustainability. The ecological and economic dimensions have been discussed in the field of production systems. Proactive scenario simulation is required for the evaluation of sustainability as well as for the discussion of integrated criteria of sustainability.

This special issue covers both green and lean topics in the production field. It considers the challenges that need to be addressed so that researchers and practitioners may engage in scientific and practical discussions of these topics. Six contributions from academic institutes and six contributions from manufacturing companies have been accepted. This special issue is expected to encourage both academics and practitioners to discuss future collaboration. Most contributions deal with integrated green and lean issues. Some academic papers evaluate sustainability. Case studies as technical papers or development reports have been provided by industrial contributors. Methodologies range from survey to life cycle assessment to simulation to implementation. The applications range from machine development for green production to national technical policy for sustainable manufacturing.

All papers were refereed through careful peer reviews. We would like to express my sincere appreciation to the authors for their submissions and to the reviewers for their invaluable efforts, as together they made possible the publication of this special issue.
Getting the Incentives Right: Improving Oral Health Equity With Universal School-Based Caries Prevention
Authors: Niederman Richard , Huang Shulamite S. , Trescher Anna-Lena , Listl Stefan
Published: June 2017

Despite significant financial, training, and program investments, US children’s caries experience and inequities continued to increase over the last 20 years. We posit that (1) dental insurance payment systems are not aligned with the current best evidence, exacerbating inequities, and (2) system redesign could meet health care’s triple aim and reduce children’s caries by 80%.

On the basis of 2013 to 2016 Medicaid and private payment rates and the caries prevention literature, we find that effective preventive interventions are either (1) consistently compensated less than ineffective interventions or (2) not compensated at all. This economic and clinical misalignment may account for underuse of effective caries prevention and subsequent overuse of restorative care.

We propose universal school-based comprehensive caries prevention to address this misalignment. Preliminary modeling suggests that universal caries prevention could eliminate 80% of children’s caries and cost less than one fifth of current Medicaid children’s oral health spending. If implemented with bundled payments based on cycle of care and measurable outcomes, there would be an alignment of incentives, best evidence, care, and outcomes. Such a program would meet the Healthy People Oral Health goals for children, as well as health care’s triple aim.
Oral Health Care Receipt and Self-Rated Oral Health for Diverse Asian American Subgroups in New York City
Authors: Jung Molly , Kwon Simona C. , Edens Neile , Northridge Mary E. , Trinh-Shevrin Chau , Yi Stella S.
Published: June 2017

Objectives. To identify determinants of receipt of annual oral health examinations and self-rated oral health among diverse Asian American subgroups.

Methods. We used data from the Community Health Resources and Needs Assessment, a community-based survey of Asian American immigrant adults conducted in the New York City metropolitan region from 2013 to 2016 (n = 1288). We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess determinants of oral health care receipt and self-rated oral health.

Results. Failure to receive an annual oral health examination was common in this sample (41.5%) and was more frequent for participants who were younger and male and those who had poorer English fluency and lower educational attainment. Not having dental insurance versus having private dental insurance resulted in 2 to 3 times the odds of nonreceipt of oral health care and poor self-rated oral health.

Conclusions. Nonreceipt of annual oral health examinations and poor self-rated oral health were common across Asian American subgroups. Facilitating dental insurance sign-up and providing in-language services may improve oral health care access and ultimately oral health among Asian American immigrants.
Effect of Outreach Messages on Medicaid Enrollment
Authors: Hom Jeffrey K. , Stillson Christian , Rosin Roy , Cahill Rachel , Kruger Evelyne , Grande David
Published: June 2017

Objectives. To measure the impact of different outreach messages on health insurance enrollment among Medicaid-eligible adults.

Methods. Between March 2015 and April 2016, we conducted a series of experiments using mail-based outreach that encouraged individuals to enroll in Pennsylvania’s expanded Medicaid program. Recipients were randomized to receive 1 of 4 different messages describing the benefits of health insurance. The primary outcome was the response rate to each letter.

Results. We mailed outreach letters to 32 993 adults in Philadelphia. Messages that emphasized the dental benefits of insurance were significantly more likely to result in a response than messages emphasizing the health benefits (odds ratio = 1.33; 95% confidence interval = 1.10, 1.61).

Conclusions. Medicaid enrollment outreach messages that emphasized the dental benefits of insurance were more effective than those that emphasized the health-related benefits.

Public Health Implications. Although the structure and eligibility of the Medicaid program are likely to change, testing and identifying successful outreach and enrollment strategies remains important. Outreach messages that emphasize dental benefits may be more effective at motivating enrollment among individuals of low socioeconomic status.
Allergic Dermatitis After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using the Prineo Wound-Closure Device
Authors: Chan Ferdinand J. , Richardson Kyle , Kim Sun Jin
Published: June 2017

Case:

Three patients who underwent uncomplicated total knee arthroplasty with use of the Prineo (Ethicon) wound-closure system had development of allergic contact dermatitis. All patients were started on Keflex (cephalexin), and two were started on topical corticosteroid. In all patients, the reaction resolved within weeks.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, the present report describes the first case series of patients in whom allergic contact dermatitis developed in association with the use of the Prineo wound-closure system during orthopaedic procedures. The presentation can range from blistering to erythematous papules and vesicles to crusted plaques that resolve with Keflex and topical corticosteroid cream.