bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confirmation of HLA-II associations with TB susceptibility in admixed African samples
Authors: Croock Dayna , Swart Yolandi , Schurz Haiko , Petersen Desiree C , Möller Marlo , Uren Caitlin
Published: February 2025

The International Tuberculosis Host Genetics Consortium (ITHGC) demonstrated the power of large-scale GWAS analysis across diverse ancestries in identifying tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility loci. Despite identifying a significant genetic correlate in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II region, this association did not replicate in the African ancestry-specific analysis, due to small sample size and the inclusion of admixed samples. Our study aimed to build upon the findings from the ITHGC and identify TB susceptibility loci in an admixed South African cohort using the local ancestry allelic adjusted association (LAAA) model. We identified a near-genome-wide significant association (
rs3117230
,
p
-value = 5.292 x10
-6
, OR = 0.437, SE = 0.182) in the
HLA-DPB1
gene originating from KhoeSan ancestry. These findings extend the work of the ITHGC, underscore the need for innovative strategies in studying complex admixed populations, and confirm the role of the HLA-II region in TB susceptibility in admixed South African samples.
Trueness and precision of complete denture digital impression compared to conventional impression: an in vitro study
Authors: Al-Dulaijan Yousif A. , Alalawi Haidar , Gad Mohammed M. , Al-Qarni Faisal D. , Fouda Shaimaa M. , Ellakany Passent
Published: February 2025

Background

This study aimed to compare the precision and trueness of digital impressions of the edentulous arch made with different scanners to conventional physical impressions.

Methods

A total of 40 impressions of a completely edentulous maxillary arch model (n = 10) were made using different digital impressions with an extraoral scanner, E3 3Shape desktop scanner, as the reference scan, intraoral scanner (TRIOS IOS, and Medit IOS) and Vinyl Polysiloxane impressions (VPS) impression using a Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD-CAM) custom tray. The VPS impression was scanned with the desktop scanner to produce standard tessellation language (STL) files for comparison with the digital impressions made by the Desktop and intraoral scanners. The STL files were super-imposed to a desktop scan and to each other with the same group using Geomagic Control X Software to assess the trueness and precision, respectively. A t-test was conducted for statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05.

Results

The overall trueness, Medit had the highest deviation compared to the VPS and TRIOS groups with a P value of 0.0013 and <0.0001, respectively. In terms of overall precision, TRIOS had a lower deviation than the VPS group, with a P value of 0.0002. The TRIOS and Medit groups had statistically comparable results. The desktop scanner showed the highest precision in digitizing completely edentulous cases, followed by the TRIOS scanner. The Medit scanner’s trueness had the highest deviation compared to the VPS and TRIOS groups.
Assessing the Effects of Financial Inclusion on Agricultural Production in Nigeria: Insights and Implications (1999-2022)
Authors: Tuaneh Godwin Lebari , Doodei Week
Published: February 2025

The research examined the effect of financial inclusion on agricultural production in Nigeria from 1991 to 2022. Specifically, the study determined the effects of commercial bank loans and advances to the agricultural sector, deposits from rural branches of commercial banks, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund and interest rates on agricultural output in Nigeria. Annual secondary data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Index Mundi Database. The data was analysed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Error Correction Model. The result showed that in the long run and short run, the independent variables agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund, commercial banks loans and advances to agricultural sector and interest rate had significant effect on agricultural output (PV < 0.05), whereas deposits of rural branches of commercial banks did not have significant effect on agricultural output (PV > 0.05) both in the long and short runs. The study recommended that loans from agricultural credit guarantee scheme funds be used for the agricultural purposes that they are aimed at so as to reduce the negative effect it had on agriculture within the study period.
Promoting University Research Excellence and Faculty Needs Assessment: A Catalyst for Future Development Initiatives in Baguio Central University
Authors: SEBULLEN MICHAEL T. , KITANI AIZA BHEAL M. , MANUEL CHERRIE MAE M. , ANG JOCELYN B. , FELIX CRISELDA S. , MALIT LORELIE S. , SANGLAY HILARIO A. , KUPANG GENEVIEVE B. , MOYAEN PRINCESS JOY B.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the research-related training needs of faculty members across various colleges and schools within Baguio Central University in Baguio City Philippines. Specifically, it aims to identify key areas where faculty members require additional training, assess the extent of these needs, and provide recommendations for capacity-building initiatives. The study population includes faculty members from different academic units, with a total of 47 respondents voluntarily participating. The highest representation came from the College of Nursing and School of Midwifery (23.6%), followed by the College of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts (20%). A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing a researcher-developed needs assessment tool validated by an external expert. The survey covered 26 research-related topics, and data were analyzed using Excel’s Data Analysis Toolpak to compute frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The findings indicate that the most pressing training needs among faculty members include conducting action research for instructional improvement (48.94%), qualitative research methods (44.68%), and research instrument development (40.43%). The results highlight the necessity of strengthening faculty research capacity through targeted training programs. It is recommended that the university implement structured training initiatives focusing on both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, research instrument validation, and publication strategies. Additionally, institutional policies should emphasize mentorship, collaboration, and research incentives to cultivate a more robust research culture. Strengthening these areas will not only enhance faculty research skills but also contribute to increased research productivity and institutional growth.
Deep Learning Techniques for Threat Detection in Cloud Environments: A Review
Authors: Ibrahim Iman Youssif , Yasin Hajar Maseeh
Published: February 2025

Deep learning techniques have become essential in enhancing threat detection within cloud environments, offering the ability to process large-scale data and detect complex patterns. As cloud computing continues to grow, ensuring robust security measures is critical to protecting sensitive data from evolving cyber threats. Deep learning models, particularly CNN, RNN, and Autoencoders, play a key role in identifying various threats, such as unauthorized access, data leakage, and DDoS attacks. This paper reviews research published between 2018 and 2023, comparing the effectiveness of deep learning models in cloud security. The findings indicate that deep learning models provide higher accuracy and adaptability compared to traditional methods. However, challenges such as data confidentiality, high computational requirements, and real-time detection still persist. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for hybrid models and enhanced training datasets to overcome these challenges. This review is valuable for researchers and practitioners working to implement deep learning approaches in cloud security.
Response of Liquid Nano Urea, Clipping Practices and Seed hardening on Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Productivity at Karaikal Region, India
Authors: A Dhamayandhy. , Narayanan AL. , Saravanane P. , Aruna L. , N Indianraj.
Published: February 2025

A field experiment was conducted in Agronomy Farms at the Department of Agronomy, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute (PAJANCOA & RI), Karaikal during the summer season of 2023, to identify an effective seed hardening technique, with and without clipping practice and foliar application in TMV-7 variety of sesame for Karaikal region. The experiment was laid out under Factorial concept of Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with twelve treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of three factors viz., Seed hardening, clipping practice and foliar application. The treatments were of the combination of three factors viz., (i) Seed hardening [No hardening (H0), hardening with plain water (H₁) and hardening with LNU (1000 ml  ha-1 of seeds) (H2)], (ii) Clipping practice [without clipping (C0) and with clipping (C1)] and (iii) foliar spray (0.1%) [without foliar spray (F0) and with foliar spray hardening (F1)]. Hardening the seeds with liquid nano urea recorded higher growth and yield parameters. Similarly, the other two factors, clipping practice and foliar application of LNU recorded higher growth and yield attributes. Among clipping practices, the treatment LNU with clipping was superior (752.2 kg ha-1) in comparison to the treatment of LNU without clipping practice in terms of seed yield (544.5 kg ha-1). In the case of foliar application, crops with foliar spray recorded higher seed yield (702.5 kg ha-1) than without foliar spray, Whereas, seed hardening failed to bring up a significant difference for seed yield kg ha-1.
Patient-Clinician Communication About Weight Loss
Authors: Albury Charlotte , Tremblett Madeleine , Aveyard Paul
Published: February 2025

This JAMA Insights explores effective communication strategies for clinicians who do not specialize in treating obesity in how to introduce conversations about weight loss with their patients and offer them support and treatment.
Comparison of Clinical Evidence Submitted to the FDA and EMA for Cell and Gene Therapies
Authors: Elsallab Magdi , Gillner Sandra , Bourgeois Florence T.
Published: February 2025

This cross-sectional study compares how sponsors approach parallel submissions of gene and cell therapy applications to drug regulatory agencies.
Intersection of Race and Rurality With Health Care–Associated Infections and Subsequent Outcomes
Authors: Nickel Katelin B. , Kinzer Hannah , Butler Anne M. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Fraser Victoria J. , Burnham Jason P. , Kwon Jennie H.
Published: February 2025

Importance

Health care–associated infections (HAIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but little is known about whether structural factors impacting race and rurality are associated with HAI and subsequent outcomes.

Objective

To evaluate the association of race and rurality, which are proxies for structural disadvantage, with HAI and subsequent outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was conducted at 3 US urban and suburban hospitals. Participants were adults aged 18 years or older admitted for 48 hours or longer from January 1, 2017, to August 31, 2020. Statistical analysis was performed from November 2022 to April 2024.

Exposure

Patient race and rurality status were defined as the combination of race (Black or White) and residence (urban or rural per patient zip code).

Main Outcomes and Measures

HAI was defined as a positive culture from a urine, blood, or respiratory specimen obtained 48 hours or longer after admission. To determine the association of race and rurality with HAIs, multivariable generalized estimating equations models were used to account for clustering of admissions by patient. Among patients with HAI admissions, similar models examined post-HAI intensive care unit admission and in-hospital death.

Results

Among 214 955 patients admitted to the hospital (median [IQR] age, 63 [51-73] years; 108 679 female patients [50.6%]; 72 490 Black patients [33.7%]; 142 465 White patients [66.3%]), recognized HAIs occurred during 6699 (3.1%). Compared with White urban patients, Black urban patients had a decreased risk of HAI (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75-0.87), White rural patients had an increased risk of HAI (aRR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.20), and Black rural patients (aRR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.81-1.44) had a similar risk of HAI. Among patients with HAI admissions, Black rural patients had an increased risk of intensive care unit admission (aRR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.16-3.17) and in-hospital death (aRR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.26-2.50). White rural and Black urban patients had outcomes similar to those of White urban patients.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study of hospitalized adults identified inequities related to race and rurality in HAIs and adverse outcomes from HAIs. These findings suggest that factors such as structural racism and disinvestment in rural communities may be associated with individual HAI risk and post-HAI outcomes. Future work to further understand the reasons underpinning these disparities and methods to address structural factors through policy and process changes are critical to eliminate health inequities.
Age-Related Changes in Brain Structure in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: van der Plas Ellen , Nelson Eric , Becknell Brian , Dawson Anne E. , Wilson Camille S. , Dawson Jeffrey D. , Alge Joseph L. , Harshman Lyndsay A.
Published: February 2025

Importance

Pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit reduced cerebellum volume, which is associated with neurocognitive deficits and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), even before dialysis or transplantation. These differences have not been examined within the context of age-related brain changes during childhood to early adulthood.

Objective

To evaluate differences in age-related neurodevelopmental changes in patients with CKD compared with control participants and to investigate associations between regional neuroanatomy, functional outcomes, and disease-related variables.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Case-control study of individuals aged 6 through 21 years with and without CKD at an academic medical center in Iowa City, Iowa, from September 2016 to August 2024.

Exposures

Neurocognitive testing; 3-T magnetic resonance imaging.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Participants completed standardized neurocognitive assessments and quantitative neuroanatomical scans. Brain regions of interest (ROIs) were analyzed for volumetric differences using automated pipelines. Multivariable linear models assessed neurocognitive and neuroanatomical differences between groups, including an age × group interaction for ROI analyses.

Results

The sample included 124 individuals (mean [SD] age, 12.8 [4.5] years; 74 [59.7%] male), including 87 control participants (44 [50.6%] male) and 37 participants with CKD (30 [81.1%] male). The mean (SD) eGFR was 71.3 [25.5] mL/min/1.73 m2 for the CKD group. Participants with CKD scored lower than control participants on most neurocognitive measures included in the analyses. The CKD group showed differential age-related changes in cerebellar gray matter (β = −0.10; 95% CI, −0.18 to −0.01; Cohen f = 0.22) and white matter (β = −0.09; 95% CI, −0.19 to −0.00; Cohen f = 0.19). The age × group interaction approached but did not reach significance for amygdala volume (β = 0.09; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.19; Cohen f = 0.18; P = .06). Volumetric variation in these regions was associated with proxy ratings of executive function in patients with CKD. A significant, positive association between cerebellar gray matter and eGFR was observed in the CKD group (β = 0.04; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.02; P = .01).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case-control study, age-related neurodevelopmental differences were observed in pediatric patients with CKD compared with healthy peers. Reductions in cerebellar volume were associated with cognitive deficits and lower kidney function. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring neurodevelopmental trajectories in children with CKD, as early interventions may be necessary to mitigate cognitive impairments associated with CKD.
Prophylactic Aspirin Dose and Preeclampsia
Authors: Kupka Ellen , Hesselman Susanne , Gunnarsdóttir Jóhanna , Wikström Anna-Karin , Cluver Catherine , Tong Stephen , Hastie Roxanne , Bergman Lina
Published: February 2025

Importance

It is unclear whether a higher dose (150-160 mg) or a lower dose (75 mg) of aspirin should be used to prevent preeclampsia.

Objectives

To compare the risk of preeclampsia and bleeding complications between women using 150 to 160 mg of aspirin and those using 75 mg of aspirin for preeclampsia prevention.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nationwide cohort study included 13 828 women giving birth at 22 weeks’ gestation or later in Sweden between January 2017 and December 2020 who used low dose aspirin (75-160 mg) during pregnancy. Data were analyzed from October to November 2023.

Exposure

The use of 150 to 160 mg or 75 mg of aspirin in pregnancy.

Main Outcome and Measures

The main outcome was a preeclampsia diagnosis recorded in the maternal birth record at the time of hospital discharge. The main safety outcome was postpartum hemorrhage, defined as bleeding more than 1000 mL after delivery. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using a doubly robust inverse probability–weighted regression adjustment model controlling for background characteristics.

Results

In the total cohort of 13 828 women, the mean (SD) age was 33.0 (5.5) years and 3003 women (21.7%) were nulliparous. Of the women, 4687 (33.9%) were prescribed 150 to 160 mg of aspirin, and 9141 (66.1%) were prescribed 75 mg of aspirin. A total of 10 635 women (76.9%) had at least 2 dispensed prescriptions of low-dose aspirin. Among women using 150 to 160 mg of aspirin, 443 (9.5%) developed preeclampsia compared with 812 (8.9%) of those using 75 mg of aspirin (adjusted RR [aRR], 1.07; 95% CI, 0.93-1.24). Additionally, the risk of postpartum hemorrhage between the groups was similar, with 326 women (6.9%) using 150 to 160 mg of aspirin experiencing a postpartum hemorrhage compared with 581 (6.4%) in the 75-mg group (aRR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.90-1.30).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of 13 828 women, no difference was found in preeclampsia incidence or bleeding complications between those using 150 to 160 mg of aspirin vs 75 mg of aspirin during pregnancy for preeclampsia prevention. These findings suggest that either dose may be a reasonable choice when using aspirin to prevent preeclampsia. However, large randomized trials investigating aspirin dose in pregnancy are still needed.
Ischemic Stroke Due to Compression of a Wandering Internal Carotid Artery by the Hyoid Bone
Authors: Bouille François , De Malherbe Maxime , Pico Fernando
Published: February 2025

This case report describes a 75-year-old man who presented with sudden-onset right hemiplegia.
Pharmacologic Management of Acute Pain in Children
Authors: Olejnik Laura , Lima João Pedro , Sadeghirad Behnam , Busse Jason W. , Florez Ivan D. , Ali Samina , Bunker James , Jomaa Danny , Bleik Adam , Eltorki Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Importance

Several pharmacologic options exist for the management of acute pediatric pain; however, their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain.

Objective

To assess the relative benefits and harms of pharmacotherapy for acute pediatric pain through a network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Data Sources

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus to October 2023.

Study Selection

Trials that enrolled children (aged <18 years) with acute pain and randomized them to receive a pharmacologic analgesic vs an alternate analgesic or placebo were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Pairs of reviewers independently reviewed abstracts, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of eligible trials. A frequentist random-effects model was used for all meta-analyses, and the certainty of evidence was assessed for treatment effects using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.

Main Outcomes

The primary outcomes were pain severity (range, 0-10 cm using a visual analog scale; minimally important difference [MID], 1 cm), need for rescue medication, symptom relief, and adverse drug events.

Results

A total of 41 trials involving 4935 children were included. High- to moderate-certainty evidence found that compared with placebo, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (weighted mean difference [WMD], −1.29; 95% CI, −1.89 to −0.70; modeled risk difference [RD] for achieving the MID, 16%), ketamine (WMD, −1.12; 95% CI, −2.09 to −0.14; modeled RD for achieving the MID, 14%), and mid-high potency opioids (WMD, −1.19; 95% CI, −1.83 to −0.55; modeled RD for achieving the MID, 15%) reduced pain. Only NSAIDs reduced the need for rescue medication (relative risk [RR], 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.68; modeled RD, 16% fewer patients). Neither NSAIDs (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.31 to 1.55) nor acetaminophen (RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.21 to 1.87) increased the risk of short-term gastrointestinal adverse events. All other comparisons showed moderate-certainty evidence of little to no difference from placebo or were supported by low/very low–certainty evidence.

Conclusions and Relevance

Compared with placebo, NSAIDs, ketamine, and mid- to high-potency opioids are effective in reducing acute pediatric pain. NSAIDs provide the greatest benefits and least harm, suggesting that they should be the first-line therapy for acute painful conditions in children.
Long COVID Prevalence and Associated Activity Limitation in US Children
Authors: Ford Nicole D. , Vahratian Anjel , Pratt Caroline Q. , Yousaf Anna R. , Gregory Cria O. , Saydah Sharon
Published: February 2025

This cross-sectional study estimates ever and current experiences of lasting COVID-19 symptoms among children and adolescents by sociodemographic characteristics.
Adolescent Smartphone Use During School Hours
Authors: Christakis Dimitri A. , Mathew Gina Marie , Reichenberger David A. , Rodriguez Isaac R. , Ren Benny , Hale Lauren
Published: February 2025

This passive sensing study examines smartphone use among US adolescents during school hours, including content and duration.
Structural Bioinformatics: exciting times in a rapidly evolving field
Authors: Soares Cláudio M. , Lousa Diana
Published: February 2025

Structural Bioinformatics is a multidisciplinary field at the intersection of chemistry, physics, biology, and computer science. Its methods and approaches have been crucial in advancing scientific knowledge and breaking new ground. By extracting valuable insights from experimental data, generating predictions that accelerate research and reduce costs, and offering novel insights and testable hypotheses, Structural Bioinformatics plays a pivotal role in modern science. The field is undergoing transformative advancements, driven by developments in areas such as Artificial Intelligence. This special issue of FEBS Open Bio features five mini‐review articles by leading experts, providing an overview of some of the most recent advancements in Structural Bioinformatics.
Regorafenib as a potential drug for severe COVID‐19: inhibition of inflammasome activation in mice
Authors: Jeong Ju Hwan , Kim Sun‐Ok , Min Seong Cheol , Kim Eung‐Gook , Song Min‐Suk , Shin Eun‐Young
Published: February 2025

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can lead to severe COVID‐19, particularly in elderly individuals and those with compromised immunity. Cellular senescence has been implicated as a key pathogenic mechanism. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of regorafenib, a previously characterized senomorphic drug, for severe COVID‐19. SARS‐CoV‐2 virus‐infected K18‐hACE2 mice, overexpressing the human ACE2 receptor, exhibited 100% mortality by 10 days post infection. Regorafenib treatment significantly improved survival rates, approximately 43% remaining alive. Mechanistically, regorafenib effectively suppressed type I and II interferon and cytokine signaling. Notably, regorafenib inhibited NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, a key driver of the cytokine storm associated with severe COVID‐19. Our findings elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of regorafenib and suggest its potential use as a promising treatment option for severe COVID‐19.
Pregnancy Outcomes of Targeted Synthetic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Among Patients with Autoimmune Diseases: A Scoping Review
Authors: Cheng Vienna , Amiri Neda , Cheng Vicki , Ellis Ursula , Cragg Jacquelyn J. , Harrison Mark , Proulx Laurie , De Vera Mary A.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Targeted synthetic (ts)disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have expanded the management of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatic diseases. As use of these drugs grows, it is important to understand their effects on pregnancy. We conducted a scoping review to synthesize current evidence on the impacts of tsDMARDs on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

We searched Embase, MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases in November 2023. We included studies that examined tsDMARD exposure for chronic autoimmune disease(s), particularly in mothers during pregnancy, fathers prior to conception and/or fetuses/neonates in‐utero. We extracted data on sample size, study design, tsDMARD exposure (dose, duration), and reproductive health outcomes.

Results

Of 6,712 studies screened, 8 were included, namely 2 case reports, 1 case series, 4 cross‐sectional studies, and 1 cohort study among patients with ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Sample sizes ranged 1 to 116 pregnancies or offspring, with 6 studies on tofacitinib, 1 on baricitinib, 1 on upadacitinib and no studies on apremilast. Overall, 19 fetal/neonatal outcomes, 6 fetal/neonatal‐maternal outcomes, and 3 maternal outcomes were extracted. The most frequently reported fetal/neonatal outcomes were congenital anomaly (n=4) and preterm birth (n=4), and the fetal/neonatal‐maternal outcome of spontaneous abortion (n=4). Only one study reported on the maternal outcome of delivery via Caesarean section.

Conclusion

Our scoping review of evidence to date on the perinatal use of tsDMARDs reveal small sample sizes and limited number of studies, all largely descriptive in nature. Findings highlight evidence gaps that preclude providers and patients from making informed decisions when considering perinatal use of tsDMARDs.

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Drug trends: Stimulant‐related overdoses increasing
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2025

Last month, the National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS), funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, released an interactive “heatmap” illustrating the distribution of nonfatal stimulant‐related overdoses by time of day and day of the week. Charts below provide demographic breakdowns, including age, sex, and racial/ethnic groups.
Ultrahigh Energy Storage Capability in Polyetherimide‐Based Polymer Dielectrics Through Trapping Free Radicals Strategy
Authors: Jiang Huilei , Zheng Dingyu , Ye Huijian , Xu Lixin
Published: February 2025

Polymer film capacitors are widely utilized in electronics and power suppliers because of high power density and fast charge–discharge speed. Flexible polymer that tolerates the extremes of working temperature and electric field is essential for advanced energy storage systems. Here, hyperbranched polyethylene copolymer inoculated with N–hydroxyethyl maleimide (HBPE@HEPD) has been synthesized to modify boron nitride nanosheets (HEPD‐BNNSs) via non‐covalent interaction during liquid‐phase exfoliation. The conjugated double bond serves as trapping effect through the addition reaction with free radicals in HEPD‐BNNSs/polyetherimide (PEI) nanocomposite that delays the formation of electrical treeing at initial stage of breakdown. The resultant HEPD‐BNNSs/PEI film illustrates a superior energy storage capability, e.g. discharged energy density of 12.9 J cm−3 and efficiency >90% at 500 MV m−1 and room temperature are obtained in 0.5 wt.% nanocomposite, and discharged energy density of 5.8 J cm−3 under 100 °C with efficiency of 90.2% at 350 MV m−1 is achieved in current film. The prepared HEPD‐BNNSs/PEI nanocomposite also has eminent fatigue resistance at 200 MV m−1 with charge–discharge operation over 105 cycles. This strategy of trapping free radicals at initial stage of breakdown reveals a fresh prospect of polymer dielectrics for film capacitor.
3D Bioprinting‐Assisted Tissue Assembly of Endocrine Adipose Units for Enhanced Skin Regeneration
Authors: Lee Jae‐Seong , Ahn Minjun , Kim Byoung Soo
Published: February 2025

Despite the growing recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ, engineering it remains a challenge owing to difficulties in replicating its native structure and densely packed lipid droplets. Furthermore, integrating adipose tissue with other tissues, though critical for its endocrine function, remains underexplored, limiting the understanding of its roles in metabolic homeostasis and tissue repair. This study introduces a rapid tissue printing method that constructs adipose units by extruding preadipocyte‐laden bioink within 0.3 s using a modular polycaprolactone framework optimized through rheological and computational analyses. In standard, cell‐friendly environments, preadipocytes typically proliferate and migrate, inhibiting the formation of dense lipid droplets. To address this issue, a hybrid bioink that limits cell migration and promotes adipocyte maturation is developed. The optimal adipose unit diameter (≤ 600 µm) is calculated, with adipogenic markers evaluated in various spatial configurations. Tissue assembly integrates the adipose module and dermis module, validating its functionality as endocrine tissue. In vivo studies show that the endocrine activity of the adipose units significantly enhances wound closure, vascularization, and re‐epithelialization. These findings highlight the regenerative capabilities of the proposed tissue assembly strategy for fabricating large‐scale, multicellular, 3D composite tissues.
A Kirigami‐Driven Stretchable Paper‐Based Hydrovoltaic Electricity Generator
Authors: Shi Xuewen , Wei Yuewen , Tang Biao , Li Yijia , Lv Lei , Lin Shizhao , Luo Songzhu , Wang Tikang , Tan Shenxing , Sun Qizeng , Wang Xiuyue , Zheng Xinyu , Guo Yifei , Liang Fei , Huang Wei , Yu Hai‐Dong
Published: February 2025

Hydrovoltaic electricity generator (HEG), which converts thermal energy from water evaporation into electrical energy, offers a promising solution for sustainable, low‐power applications such as remote sensors and wearable flexible electronics. However, current HEG suffers from poor deformation adaptability due to its reliance on the rigid ion transport interfaces of hydrovoltaic materials for electrokinetic effects, limiting its potential in wearable electronics. Herein, a stretchable paper‐based hydrovoltaic electricity generator (SP‐HEG) is developed by laser‐cutting an optimized kirigami pattern on paper functionalized with carbon black. The SP‐HEG can stretch up to 200% without compromising its electrical output (open‐circuit voltage of 1.2 V and short‐circuit current of 6.0 µA), as mechanical stress is evenly distributed and stable ion transport interfaces are maintained on the kirigami patterns. Moreover, the SP‐HEG can be used as a wearable energy supply device and self‐powered sweat sensor, with the advantages of stable output unaffected by deformation, sustainable power generation, and environmental friendliness. This study opens up a novel strategy to design deformable energy harvesters, broadening the potential applications of hydrovoltaic power generators in the wearable field.
New Ultra‐High Cycle Stable Accordion‐Like High Entropy MXene with Improving Energy Storage Performance of Supercapacitors
Authors: Yan Yingnan , Huang Xinpeng , Yan Xuehua , Zhang Feng , Pan Jianmei , Wu Jili , Moradian Jamile Mohammadi
Published: February 2025

2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) are widely used in energy‐related fields, however, the instability of MXenes limits their application in supercapacitors. Currently, one of the main scientific challenges is how to modify MXenes to enhance their electrochemical performance. Compared to mono‐transition‐metal MXenes (MTMs), the large surface combined with multiple transition metals makes high entropy MXenes (HE‐MXenes) more appealing in energy storage. Here, a HE‐MAX phase, (TiVNbMoW)3AlC2, and a corresponding accordion‐like HE‐MXene are successfully synthesized by selective removal of Al from the HE‐MAX in aqueous hydrofluoric acid (HF). The addition of W allows the high‐entropy MAX (HE‐MAX) to reach greater lattice distortion than (TiVNbMo)3AlC2. It also successfully resolves the problem of inadequate configurational entropy in the M layer and expands the range of M layer. The accordion‐like HE‐MXene with open microstructure and high crystallinity provides multi‐channels for rapid ionic charge diffusion during interlayer ion insertion/extraction. Owing to these designs, the capacity retention rate is 98.7% after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1, demonstrating high stability throughout the charge–discharge cycling both in acidic and alkaline. The synthesis of HE‐MXene enriches the selection for energy applications and greatly increases the compositional variety of the MXene family.
Simple Synthesis and Sodium Storage Analysis of Ultra‐High Nitrogen‐Doped Core‐Shell Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Yu Litao , Miao Xiaoqiang , An Xuguang , Zhang Jing , Kong Qingquan , Wang Qingyuan , Yao Weitang
Published: February 2025

The development of easily synthesized high‐performance anode materials is crucial for the current energy storage (ES) field. Considering the potential of nitrogen‐doped core‐shell mesoporous carbon materials, a simple micelle‐induced high‐temperature pyrolysis method is employed to synthesize ultra‐high nitrogen‐doped (21.1 wt.%) core‐shell mesoporous carbon nanospheres (CYMCS). This material exhibits excellent volume expansion resistance, achieves a high reversible sodium storage capacity of up to 283 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1, and maintains stable cycling performance for over 10000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g−1. Moreover, previous research has provided limited insights into the specific mechanisms behind the low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) observed in CYMCS and other related porous materials. To address this, the study not only delves into the electrochemical performance of CYMCS but also provides a comprehensive analysis of the formation mechanisms of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the electrolyte decomposition process, revealing the connections between these processes and their impact on ICE. Overall, this research not only offers new insights into the synthesis and performance optimization of CYMCS materials for sodium storage applications but also provides valuable guidance for the design of related carbon materials and strategies to improve ICE.
Ketomalonate‐Based Lithium Replenishment Reagents for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Stable Electrode Structure
Authors: Nie Quan , Wan Wang , Mei Yueni , Qu Ge , Liu Zihe , Tie Cai , Zhu Jiangong , Ji Chengzheng , Chen Jitao , Wang Chao , Huang Yunhui
Published: February 2025

The loss of active lithium during the initial charge process significantly reduces both the energy density and cycle life of lithium‐ion batteries. Cathode lithium replenishment is a promising alternative to lithium metal‐based prelithiation; however, the development of efficient cathode replenishment agents remains limited. Organic lithium replenishment agents offer advantages over inorganic counterparts, including superior air stability, abundant resources, and minimal solid residue after oxidation, providing high specific capacity comparable to lithium metal after degassing. Nevertheless, there is a need for diverse and effective organic agents. Herein, ketomalonate‐based organic lithium replenishment agents: dilithium ketomalonate (DLMT) and tetralithium ketomalonate (TLMT) with uniform spherical particles of ≈1 µm are developed. Both DLMT and TLMT demonstrate high lithium replenishment capacities and excellent compatibility with standard battery manufacturing processes. Their complete decomposition, coupled with uniformly distributed pores, preserves the structural integrity of the cathode and ensures stable electrochemical performance. Incorporating these agents into cathodes led to a 20.5% improvement in capacity retention after 500 cycles for LFP||Gr full cells and increased energy density by 5.7% for LFP||Gr and 7.2% for LMFP||Gr cells. The design of these novel sacrificial salts, emphasizing stability and high lithium replenishment efficiency, underscores their potential in high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries.
Polarimetric Photodetectors with Multi‐Control States for Multi‐Valued Encoding Communication and Polarization Image Applications
Authors: Xiong Jingxian , Yu Qiang , Liu Bin , Li Sina , Luo Yinlong , Li Jun , Zhang Junrong , Wu Jian , Yang Zixin , Leng Jinyong , Sun Yiming , Jiang Zongfu , Huo Nengjie , Zhou Pu
Published: February 2025

Polarimetric photodetectors hold significant promise in optical communication and polarization imaging applications due to their additional ability to detect polarization states of light. The strategy of multiple states modulation plays a crucial role in performance optimization and multi‐valued logic output, enabling higher information transmission density and clearer polarization recognition. Following this context, a Ta2PdSe6/MoTe2 semimetal/semiconductor heterojunction‐based polarimetric photodetector with multi‐control states that can enable the multi‐valued encoding communication and high‐contrast polarization imaging applications is developed. As dual‐electrically controlled states, the gate and bias voltages can significantly modulate the performance metrics. As a result, the device can be configured with tunable detectivity from 3.6 × 1010 to 2.19 × 1012 Jones and polarization ratios from 3.8 to 8.14 under 808 nm illumination. By further combining additional dual‐optically control states (light intensity and polarization angle), the device achieves four logic states output, thus realizing multi‐valued encoding optical communication with higher transmission efficiency and information density. Leveraging these four control states, a polarization imaging system capable of operating at different angles is also realized, with an enhanced degree of linear polarization from 0.51 to 0.8, allowing better differentiation of object features under different polarization states. This work demonstrates a polarimetric photodetector with multi‐control states, showing promising potential in high‐density communication and high‐resolution imaging applications.
Anti‐Tumor Strategies Targeting Nutritional Deprivation: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Shi Jinsheng , Han Wei , Wang Jie , Kong Xiaoying
Published: February 2025

Higher and richer nutrient requirements are typical features that distinguish tumor cells from AU: cells, ensuring adequate substrates and energy sources for tumor cell proliferation and migration. Therefore, nutrient deprivation strategies based on targeted technologies can induce impaired cell viability in tumor cells, which are more sensitive than normal cells. In this review, nutrients that are required by tumor cells and related metabolic pathways are introduced, and anti‐tumor strategies developed to target nutrient deprivation are described. In addition to tumor cells, the nutritional and metabolic characteristics of other cells in the tumor microenvironment (including macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, T cells, and cancer‐associated fibroblasts) and related new anti‐tumor strategies are also summarized. In conclusion, recent advances in anti‐tumor strategies targeting nutrient blockade are reviewed, and the challenges and prospects of these anti‐tumor strategies are discussed, which are of theoretical significance for optimizing the clinical application of tumor nutrition deprivation strategies.
Promotion of C─C Coupling in the CO2 Electrochemical Reduction to Valuable C2+ Products: From Micro‐Foundation to Macro‐Application
Authors: Guan Yuning , Li Youzhi , Li Zhongjian , Hou Yang , Lei Lecheng , Yang Bin
Published: February 2025

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to valuable C2+ products emerges as a promising strategy for converting intermittent renewable energy into high‐energy‐density fuels and feedstock. Leveraging its substantial commercial potential and compatibility with existing energy infrastructure, the electrochemical conversion of CO2 into multicarbon hydrocarbons and oxygenates (C2+) holds great industrial promise. However, the process is hampered by complex multielectron‐proton transfer reactions and difficulties in reactant activation, posing significant thermodynamic and kinetic barriers to the commercialization of C2+ production. Addressing these barriers necessitates a comprehensive approach encompassing multiple facets, including the effective control of C─C coupling in industrial electrolyzers using efficient catalysts in optimized local environments. This review delves into the advancements and outstanding challenges spanning from the microcosmic to macroscopic scales, including the design of nanocatalysts, optimization of the microenvironment, and the development of macroscopic electrolyzers. By elucidating the influence of the local electrolyte environment, and exploring the design of potential industrial flow cells, guidelines are provided for future research aimed at promoting C─C coupling, thereby bridging microscopic insights and macroscopic applications in the field of CO2 electroreduction.
Ultralight Electrospun Composite Filters with Vertical Ternary Spatial Network for High‐Performance PM0.3 Purification
Authors: Zhou Mengjuan , Zhang Songlin , Guo Hongyu , Zhou Xinchang , Xu Jinhao , Luo Qingliang , Li Xiangshun , Xu Qingli , Xiong Chengdong , Wang Rongwu , Fan Jintu , Qin Xiaohong , Tan Swee Ching
Published: February 2025

Air pollutants, particularly highly permeable particulate matter (PM), threaten public health and environmental sustainability due to extensive filter media consumption. Existing melt‐blown nonwoven filters struggle with PM0.3 removal, energy consumption, and disposal burdens. Here, an ultralight composite filter with a vertical ternary spatial network (TSN) structure that saves ≈98% of raw material usage and reduces fabrication time by 99.4%, while simultaneously achieving high‐efficiency PM0.3 removal (≥99.92%), eco‐friendly regeneration (near‐zero energy consumption), and enhanced wearing comfort (breathability >80 mm s⁻¹, infrared transmittance >85%), is reported. The TSN filter consists of a hybrid layer of microspheres (average diameter ≈1 µm)/superfine nanofibers (≈20 nm) sandwiched between two nanofiber scaffolds (diameter ≈400 nm and ≈100 nm). This arrangement offers high porosity (≈85%), ultralow areal density (<1 g m−2), alow airflow resistance (<90 Pa), guaranteeing superb thermal comfort. Notably, utilizing scalable one‐step free surface electrospinning technology, TSN mats can be mass‐produced at a rate of 60 meters per hour (width of 1.6 meters), which is critical and verified for various applications including window screens, individual respiratory protectors, and dust collectors. This work provides a viable strategy for designing high‐performance nanofiber filter media through structural regulation in a scalable, cost‐effective, and sustainable way.
MSCs Suppress Macrophage Necroptosis and Foster Liver Regeneration by Modulating SP1/SK1 Axis in Treating Acute Severe Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: An Ran , Zhu Zhengyi , Chen Yuyan , Guan Wenxian , Wang Jinglin , Ren Haozhen
Published: February 2025

Acute severe autoimmune hepatitis (AS‐AIH) is characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis, with a current lack of effective targeted treatments. Stem cell therapy has demonstrated significant therapeutic promise across various autoimmune diseases. However, the intricate pathogenesis of AS‐AIH has hindered the widespread utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in this domain. Herein, it is demonstrated that necroptosis, as the primary mode of cell death in AIH, is crucial in causing AS‐AIH. Inflammatory macrophages are the primary cell population involved in necroptosis. Inhibition of the specificity protein 1/sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (SP1/SK1/S1P) axis is responsible for this phenomenon, leading to excessive activation of the intrahepatic immune system and aggravating liver damage. Furthermore, the S1P/S1PR2/YAP axis is the key pathway in initiating liver regeneration during AS‐AIH. S1P synthesized by hepatocytes is the primary source, and this process is also regulated by the SP1/SK1 axis. MSCs promote S1P synthesis by macrophages through the delivery of SP1, which inhibits necroptosis and synergistically enhances liver regeneration. In addition, MSCs also promote S1P synthesis in hepatocytes through the same mechanism, further aiding liver regeneration. These findings unveil the core pathogenesis of AS‐AIH and provide a theoretical foundation for using MSCs as a potential targeted therapeutic modality.
CircMETTL6 Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis Through Inhibition of GDF15 Transcription by Disrupting the NONO‐POLR2A Complex
Authors: Yu Mengqian , Wu Mengting , Shen Tao , Qiu Qiongzi , Luo Aoran , Li Jia , Li Xufan , Cheng Xiaodong , Lu Bingjian , Lu Weiguo , Liu Pengyuan , Lu Yan
Published: February 2025

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a distinctive class of non‐coding RNAs with covalent closed‐loop structure, lacking 5′ caps and 3′ poly(A) tails. These molecules are prevalent in eukaryotes and play key roles in cancer. Here, the function of a new circRNA, circMETTL6, in ovarian cancer is identified and investigated. The prognostic significance of circMETTL6 is assessed using RNA in situ hybridization. Functional studies involving circMETTL6 overexpression are performed both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations are performed using RNA‐seq, RNA pull‐down, RNA immunoprecipitation, co‐immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, protein degradation assay and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. circMETTL6 is significantly downregulated in ovarian cancer, and its lower expression correlates with worse prognosis. Overexpression of circMETTL6 significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cell in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, circMETTL6 recruited the non‐POU domain containing octamer binding protein (NONO) by binding to its Coiled‐coil domain and disrupted its binding with RNA polymerase II subunit A (POLR2A), and consequently inhibiting growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) transcription, thereby suppressing ovarian cancer progression. These findings establish circMETTL6 as a novel tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer. Targeting the circMETTL6/NONO/GDF15 axis presents a potential therapeutic avenue for ovarian cancer treatment.