bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2876 – Glutamatergic Strategies in the Treatment of Pathological Gambling: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pettorruso M. , Conte G. , Righino E. , Di Cesare A. , Chiappini S. , Testa R. , Janiri L.
Published: July 2013

Aims:

There is substantial evidence indicating that pharmacological treatments targeting glutamatergic transmission are of potential utility in the treatment of drug addiction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of glutamatergic treatments in patients with pathological gambling.

Methods:

Fifteen patients fulfilling criteria for pathological gambling and receiving drugs with effects on glutamatergic transmission (amantadine, N-acetylcysteine, gabapentin, pregabalin and topiramate) were enrolled. Gambling craving (Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale, G-SAS, and visual analogue scale, VAS) and relapse (Gambling Timeline Follow Back, G-TLFB) rating scales were administered before and after treatment (1, 3, 6 months follow-up).

Results:

Gambling craving and behavior were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) during the study period. Glutamatergic medications also yielded an improvement in treatment retention.

Discussion:

Our results are discussed in the context of the glutamatergic hypothesis of addiction. Our data seem to confirm the utility of targeting the glutamatergic system for the treatment of PG, in particular by acting on craving and increasing treatment retention. in particular, glutamatergic medications may offer some advantages in preventing relapse.
2878 – Oral-Motor Speech Disorders Inalzheimer's Disease
Authors: Gorzelańczyk E.J. , Ziółkowski M. , Walecki P.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

Aim of the study is to evaluate the oral-motor speech disorders in Alzheimer's disease as compared to the speech disorders occurring in the physiological process of aging.

Methods:

We examined 22 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the age of 68 to 90 years. The control group (C) consisted of 22 people. The test has 5 parts: dialogic speech, descriptive speech, naming, repeating and speaking automated verbal sequences.

Results:

Statistically significant differences between AD and C groups in the number of correct and incorrect answers were found. The greatest difference was found between AD and C groups in the descriptive speech. During the repetition of monosyllabic and polysyllabic words in AD occurred significantly more often the articulation errors on repeated speech productions of the same utterance.

Conclusions:

The results confirmed the presence of oral-motor speech disorders in Alzheimer's disease. It was stated articulation errors, periphrases and jams. These errors occur in the structure of lexical-semantic and phonological system of the language. No abnormalities were noted in the area of grammar.
2887 – Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients and Psychiatric Follow Up
Authors: Goujon D.
Published: July 2013

The case study will be used to illustrate our collaboration emerging from a joined everyday multidisciplinary evaluation in a day care center of a large community general hospital.

Many of these patients meet a geriatric specialist, a neuropsychologist and a psychiatrist after a somatic, biological and radiological evaluation. Some of those patients benefit of a long lasting psychiatric follow up even though they had never had a psychiatric medical personnal history in the past.

We will present in detail a long lasting follow up: neuropharmacological treatment and psychotherapy which are aiming for more than two years to stabilize major anxiety disorder of a seventy five old woman whose quality of life has significantly improved.
2891 – Motivational Approaches to Addiction Through Movies within the Context of Treatment Models
Authors: Hershberger E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

A comparison of addiction patterns and occurrence rates between European and United States Veterans will be the backdrop for introducing strategies for treatment and recovery models. Addiction therapists and Case Managers working within the context of the Department of Veterans Affairs in the United States have reported successful use of movies as motivational instruments and sources of heightened insight.

Aims:

To introduce a catalog of movies that support motivational treatment strategies for addiction.

To explore the experiences of therapists working with movies as treatment adjuncts

To provide an analysis of the effect of the creative impact on therapy within current recovery models.

To encourage therapists and increase confidence in utilizing movies within treatment contexts.

Methods:

A compendium of relevant movies will be presented. Special attention will be paid to legal issues in Europe/US with regard to when permission is needed to use movie material within the context of treatment. Material from large group of addiction therapists will be made available and analyzed within addiction treatment models.

Results:

The anonymous case examples and therapists’ experiences using movies as therapeutic adjuncts will increase awareness, confidence and ability to integrate this approach into approaches to addiction treatment.

Conclusion:

Use of movies in addiction treatment increases awareness, creates insights and provides explicit emotional points of identification for patients and clients that facilitate understanding and engagement as treatment is introduced and progresses.
2920 – Moderate Drinking: Reducing Type 2 Diabetes Risk or just Providing a Free Road for the Disease Development? A Review of Reviews
Authors: Welcome M.O. , Pereverzev V.A.
Published: July 2013

To date, the effect of alcohol on type 2 diabetes risk remains controversial. This present review is conducted on reviews to ascertain the present trend, views, and problems resulting to these controversies. Howard et al. (2004) noted that 1–3 standard drinks per day reduce the risk of diabetes by 33–56%. By drinking more than 3 drinks per day, the risk increased by 43%. Seike et al. (2008) and Evans et al. (2008) found inconsistencies in the relationship for different studies. Koppes et al. (2005) and Baliunas et al. (2009) found a U-shaped relationship. in conclusion, data on the effect of moderate alcohol use on type 2 diabetes risk remains inconclusive, partly due to the structure and design of studies, differences in body mass index of participants, gender/age differences, genetic differences and predisposition for alcohol problems and diabetes, duration/quantity ranking criteria for alcohol use, comorbid conditions. Other problems found across studies were differences in the definition of diabetes used in the various study designs, definition of standard drinks. There is need for more up-to-date and accurate evidence based approach, putting into consideration all the stated problems that hamper conclusion in studies of alcohol's effect on type 2 diabetes risk.
2927 – Prediction of TMS Therapy Response in Auditory Verbal Hallucinations
Authors: Dierks T. , Homann P. , Kindler J. , Hubl D.
Published: July 2013

Conventional treatment of auditory hallucinations in patients suffering from schizophrenia is successful in about 60-70% of cases. Therefore repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been suggested to be promising alternative to conventional therapy. However, both positive and negative reports have recently been reported. Thus there seems to be responders and non-responders, but not yet any clear possibility how to identify responders. The aim of this study was to test if cerebral neuronal activity before treatment would be a possible biological marker of response to rTMS. Twenty four medicated patients underwent resting brain perfusion magnetic resonance imaging with arterial spin labeling (ASL) prior to rTMS treatment. Neuronal activity in the left superior temporal gyrus predicted the response to rTMS, suggesting this parameter as a possible bio-marker of response in patients with schizophrenia and auditory hallucinations. Being non-invasive and relatively easy to employ, ASL measurement before treatment might be a clinically relevant way to identify possible responders to rTMS in conventional treatment resistant patients.
2936 – How to Face© Emotion Recognition and Quality of Life in Bipolar Adults: Facilitating Adjustment of Cognitions and Emotions
Authors: Celestin L.-P. , Celestin-Westreich S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Bipolar adults are known to experience emotion regulation (ER) problems. Detailed examination of components of bipolar patients’ emotion dysregulation process is yet needed.

Objectives and aims:

To investigate basic FER in bipolar patients, how this affects quality of life and stress responses. To provide leads on implementing these insights into practice.

Methods:

Drawing on the FACE©-model, this paper presents preliminary facial emotion recognition (FER) findings among psychiatric hospital-based bipolar patients compared with non-clinical controls (n = 45). A case series of bipolar patients’ is further followed-up over three months in an open-access, addiction centre in the Paris region. Patients completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID) and self-report questionnaires (including ABCL/ASR, BDI, MDQ, STAI I/II, YMRS).

Results:

Active phase bipolar adults mainly needed significantly more time for FER. Bipolar patients and controls did not differ significantly on types of emotions recognized. This bipolar sample reported low anxiety, few comorbidities or stressful life events. The series of treatment-resistant bipolar clients with addictions reported high anxiety levels and relapse after life stressors. Applying the integrative FACE©-program, which comprises step-wise emotion regulation along with problem solving training, resulted in quality-of-life improvements within seven weeks. Short-term clinical progress included program adherence, along with self- and clinician-reported diminished anxiety, internalising and externalising problem behaviour.

Conclusions:

Further investigation is warranted to identify which emotion regulation components are particularly challenging for bipolar patients according to subgroup differences. A scientist-practitioner model contributes to fostering therapeutic adherence and outcomes.
2955 – Europe Challenges the Burden of Mental Disorders
Authors: Wittchen H.-U.
Published: July 2013

Time based composite measures of disability have replaced the traditional use of death rates to evaluate society's mental health status as a more meaningful measures for the burden of diseases and the need for treatment and care. These measures have revealed with some variability and increasing precision that mental and neurologic disorders account for a major and further increasing proportion of the all-cause disability burden worldwide.

In Europe, mental and neurologic conditions combined are already now the most disabling diseases. A recent pan-European study covering 30 countries and the EU-population of 514 million people, recently examined comprehensively the size and burden and cost of mental and other “disorders of the brain”. Findings e. g.:

Each year, 38.2% of the EU population (64.8 million people) suffers from a mental disorder.

The treatment situation remains highly deficient. Only 1/3 of all cases affected receive treatment, those receiving treatment do so with considerable delays of several years and rarely with appropriate, state-of-the-art therapies

Additionally, many millions patients suffer from neurologic disorders such as stroke and Parkinson's disease, cases that may add on top of the above estimates.

The total cost burden is immense (approx 800 billion €), mainly due to indirect costs. The low direct (treatment) cost proportion is unique to mental disorders and markedly different from other prevalent somatic diseases (e.g. cancer, diabetes).
2958 – Achieving Psychosocial Functioning
Authors: Colom F.
Published: July 2013

Bipolar disorder is a chronic, severe illness with high rates of relapse, suicide rates, and a remarkable psychosocial burden. Despite the existence of well tested newer drugs that, together with classic mood stabilisers constitute quite a large number of pharmacological treatment options, bipolar patients are symptomatic for almost half their lives.1 This might be due to several accompanying features of bipolar disorder, including poor pharmacological adherence, unhealthy habits, and lack of illness insight. This is why pharmacological treatment, although essential, may not be enough for most patients. Thus, complementary interventions are needed to reach syndromal and functional recovery. Psychoeducation, a user-friendly, common-sense-based psychosocial strategy, has been shown to prevent all sorts of relapses at 5-year follow up and to be efficacious even with fully adherent patients, so the effect does not rely completely on adherence enhancement.2 The content of the Barcelona Psychoeducation Program focuses on the illness, its causes and its consequences, rather than on other issues such as personality, psychodynamic features and so forth.3 Topics are divided in five main areas:

Illness insight

Adherence enhancement

Early detection of prodromal symptoms and early intervention

The importance of avoiding street drugs

Routines and stress management

This presentation will discuss the role of psychoeducation in improving social functioning and long-term outcomes in maintenance treatment for bipolar I disorder. Through the use of a case study, this presentation will provide practical considerations of how to implement psychoeducation techniques into routine clinical practice.
2959 – Maintaining Symptom Stability in the Long-Term Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Correll C.
Published: July 2013

Following remission of an acute episode, patients with bipolar I disorder remain at a high risk for relapse, regardless of the nature of their index episode.1 in particular, if the medication regimen in the acute phase is different than that used in the maintenance phase, there may be a potential loss of efficacy or a change in adverse-event burden associated with the switch. Therefore, choosing the right pharmacotherapy is essential to allow patients to achieve and maintain stability, and prevent the recurrence of mood episodes.

Current clinical practice guidelines recommend combination therapy of atypical antipsychotics and lithium or valproate as firstline treatment in acute patients, or for maintenance treatment in patients with an inadequate response to monotherapy with mood stabilisers.2 Therefore, exploring the long-term benefits and risks of monotherapy compared with combination therapy are essential for improving patient outcomes in the course of routine clinical practice.3 Recent clinical trial evidence suggests that combination therapy is effective in patients with an inadequate response to monotherapy, and that there are relatively lowrisk options regarding adverse events and comorbid physical conditions that are frequently encountered in patients with bipolar I disorder.3

This presentation will explore how to manage patients with a partial response to pharmacotherapy or with persistent residual symptoms long term, and how to address the unmet needs of this patient population in the context of recent clinical trial evidence.
2967 – Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Fleischhacker W.W.
Published: July 2013

The nature of schizophrenia gives rise to a number of unmet needs that go beyond proven efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations of new generation antipsychotics offer an alternative treatment choice, and the investigational formulation of aripiprazole once-monthly is under regulatory review in the both the US and EU for maintenance treatment of schizophrenia.

The efficacy of aripiprazole tablets in the treatment of schizophrenia has been well established, with consistently low relapse rates, good tolerability, and preservation of function. in the “ASPIRE US” (Aripiprazole-Intramuscular-Depot Program in Schizophrenia) trial, a 52-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of aripiprazole once-monthly as maintenance treatment in patients with schizophrenia, aripiprazole oncemonthly significantly delayed the time to impending relapse compared with placebo in the long-term maintenance treatment for schizophrenia. At 52 weeks, 10% of patients in the aripiprazole once-monthly group had relapsed, compared with 39.9% of patients in the placebo group (Hazard ratio, 5.03, p < 0.0001).1 in a second study comparing aripiprazole once-monthly with oral aripiprazole,2 aripiprazole once-monthly was non-inferior to oral aripiprazole and significantly delayed time to exacerbation of psychotic symptoms/impending relapse compared with aripiprazole once-monthly at a sub-threshold therapeutic dose. The estimated relapse rates at Week 26 were 7.1% for aripiprazole once-monthly and 7.8% for oral aripiprazole. This presentation will review the available evidence from recent RCTs showing the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole once-monthly for the longterm management of schizophrenia, and to explore, the link between low relapse rates and functional preservation.
2973 – Early Detection and Treatment of Depression: The Role of Clinical Judgment
Authors: Fava G.A.
Published: July 2013

In medicine, prodromes can be identified with early signs and symptoms that differ from the acute clinical phase. Appraisal of prodromal symptoms has been of importance in clinical medicine for many progressive, dangerous and treatable diseases in which early detection and timely treatment (particularly of recurrences) are crucial. The prodromal phase of depression has a large inter-individual variability and lacks diagnostic specificity. However, within each patient there is striking consistency in the prodromal symptoms that precede each episode, even though the same initial symptoms of the acute disorder may occur and not be followed by another episode. Their interpretation requires clinical judgment. Research on clinical judgment has disclosed several innovative assessment strategies: the use of diagnostic transfer stations instead of diagnostic endpoints using repeated assessments, subtyping versus integration of different diagnostic categories, staging, macro-analysis, extension of clinical information beyond symptomatic features. Such strategies can be applied to clinical cases at risk for depressive relapse and may pave the way for more effective modalities of treatment and relapse prevention. Evidence-based medicine does not appear to provide an adequate scientific background for the challenges entailed by current treatment of depression and needs to be integrated with clinical judgment.
2977 – Current Ethical Dilemmas in European Psychiatry. An Overview
Authors: Rutz W.
Published: July 2013

In discussions within and in communications directed to the recently re-established EPAs Ethical Committee a wide range of important ethical challenges has appeared, including e.g. the need for a forum to get advise for colleagues in ethical complicated situations, to underline and define ethical principles in clinical and research practice, to investigate ethical demands and boundaries regarding user involvement, to underline the need of not only evidence based but even value based practices.

In order to get guidance from our member states and their professional societies, the ethical committee has carried out an international European survey directed to national psychiatric asssociations and national ethical reference persons. The survey contained amongst others questions about the most frequent experienced ethical problems in the respective country.

By doing this, a significant diversity became apparent, seemingly influenced by the psychiatric professional development in the countries, but even showing differences in the sensitivity to cultural and societal - political factors.

Thus, with respect to the diversities in our European countries, it appears important to maintain a continous professional discussion on ethical issues, even considering the processes and changes ongoing due to the political and sociocultural development as well as psychiatric scientific improvements and research implications.

A need to put ethical issues and development on the EPAs agenda is evident as well as the need to continously improve and discuss international and national ethical guidelines and practical clinical strategies. Feasible ways regarding the future work of our ethical committee will be presented.
2981 – Stigmatisation of Mental Health Patients an Extra Vulnerability in Times of Economical Crisis
Authors: Van der Gaag R.J.
Published: July 2013

Cuts on health care are necessary for different reasons. First the economical burden of health care should be proportional to the possibilities of the population. Yet in times when the population grows older and possibilities augment, containment is necessary. Governements and health insurance authorities will look closely into possibilites of reducing costs by a great efficacy, by shared descision making, by choices that are to be made. An other alternative is found by asking patients for an own contribution to their health expenses. in that regard it was appauling to witness the fact that in the Netherlands this own contribution was raised soley in patients with psychiatric disorders where individuals with so called somatic diseases were exempted.

With, among others a strong support from the national psychiatric associations, the own-contribution for psychiatric patients was banned.

Yet the new governement threatens to repeat this non-sense by stating that only psychosis are real disorders and all other mental disorders a matter of pulling yourself together. Stigma on Mental disorders is a very actual theme! Let us face it!
2988 – The European Psychiatric Association (EPA) Guidance on Suicide Treatment and Prevention
Authors: Wasserman D.
Published: July 2013

Suicide is a major public health problem in the WHO European Region accounting for over 150,000 deaths per year. Suicidal crisis: Acute intervention should start immediately in order to keep the patient alive.

An underlying psychiatric disorder is present in up to 90% of people who completed suicide. Comorbidity with depression, anxiety, substance abuse and personality disorders is high. in order to achieve successful prevention of suicidality, adequate diagnostic procedures and appropriate treatment for the underlying disorder are essential.

Existing evidence supports the efficacy of pharmacological treatment and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in preventing suicidal behaviour. Studies show that antidepressant treatment decreases the risk for suicidality among depressed patients. Short-term supplementary medication with anxiolytics and hypnotics in the case of anxiety and insomnia is recommended. Long-term treatment with lithium has shown to be effective in preventing both suicide and attempted suicide in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. Treatment team: Multidisciplinary treatment team including psychiatrist and other health professionals are always preferable. Family: The suicidal person independently of age should always be motivated to involve family in the treatment. Social support: Psychosocial treatment is recommended, as the majority of suicidal patients have problems with relationships, work, school and lack social networks.

Training of Personnel: Training of general practitioners (GPs) is effective in the prevention of suicide. It improves treatment of depression and anxiety, quality of the provided care and attitudes towards suicide. Continuous training including discussions about ethical and legal issues is necessary for psychiatrists and other health professionals.
3007 – Treating Clinical Realities through Virtual Reality: ICTS as a New Therapeutical Weapon
Authors: di Giannantonio M. , Acciavatti T. , Cinosi E.
Published: July 2013

Self-harm and suicide are major public health problems in adolescents, with rates of self-harm being high in the teenage years and suicide being the second most common cause of death in young people worldwide. Moreover, research indicates that far from all who suffer from depression and suicidal ideation seek treatment and the determination of suicide risk and prevention of suicide attempts is traditionally difficult. In an era of empowered public and patients awareness, internet may be a more powerful determinant of health-seeking behavior than medical opinion. Suicide information is easily accessible over the web, as are special chat rooms for discussions with likeminded people. Internet can be considered as well as efficiently exploited to help people in severe emotional distress, including those contemplating suicide. Some websites advise acutely suicidal persons to seek help. Promotion and announcement of suicide are forbidden. Some websites offer a variety of professional help, including psychological and health-related information on various troubling issues, questions and answers and professional guidance intended to promote self-help in coping with numerous psychological problems. One promising treatment is activation, two kinds of which are behavioural activation, and one solely focused on physical exercise. These two kinds of activation therapy have the potential to be administered via the Internet, which would both lower the threshold for those seeking treatment, while also providing effective treatment to a low cost.
3012 – Research Networks in Spain and Cibersam
Authors: Martin-Carrasco M.
Published: July 2013

Mental disorders as a whole are the leading cause of disability worldwide. It is estimated that over 5 million people in Spain suffer from any of these disorders throughout his life. The importance of mental disorders in today's society is enormous. In fact, in the EU mental health spending ranges between 3% and 4% of GDP, mental disorders being the leading cause of early retirement and disability pensions. In addition, mental illness poses a heavy burden, not only economically, but also socially, in the form of personal and family cost. With a mission to improve clinical care and overall mental health of our society through an increasing of translational research generated knowledge in the field of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, on 1 January 2008 the Center for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area (CIBERSAM) was established. Since then, a fruitful network has been created, and its organization and procedures will be shown in this presentation.
3014 – Are French Adolescents Different? A Comparative Study of Risky Life Styles and Depressive Psychopathology in An European Sample of 12 000 Adolescents
Authors: Kahn J.-P. , Cohen R. , Tubiana A.
Published: July 2013

Aims

“SEYLE” is a project, funded under the 7th European Framework Program, which is implemented in 11 European countries, with the coordination of Karolinska Institutet(Stockholm, Sweden). Its main objectives are: to encourage the adolescents to adopt healthier behaviours through reduction of “at-risk” behaviours and suicidal behaviours; to assess the benefits or prevention programs and recommend culturally adapted health promotion models for European students.

Methods

The whole Consortium gathered 12.395 students, aged 15-17 years, across the 11 participating countries. In France, 1007 students were recruited for the study, that took place in the Lorraine region. Each student had to fill a 127 questions self-report questionnaire at baseline and 3 and 12 months later. Data were collected, using questions from the Global School-Based Pupil Health Survey (GSHS) and European Values Study (EVS). Data were also obtained on different risk behaviors and on psychopathology, using questions issued from 13 scales, including, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Paykel Suicide Scale (PSS).

Results

Preliminary results, from the baseline questionnaire show that, there are marked differentes between the various european countries. French students present high levels of depression, as measured by the BDI, high levels of suicidality, as mesured by the PSS and high levels of Non Suicidal Self Injuries (NSSI). They also sleep significantly less than students from other countries.

Conclusion

These different results will be presented and discussed.
3016 – How can we use Social Contact Interventions to Reduce Stigma and Discrimination against People with Mental Health Problems?
Authors: Evans-Lacko S. , Malcolm E. , West K. , Rose D. , London J. , Japhet S. , Little K. , Henderson C. , Thornicroft G.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Social contact is one of the most effective strategies for improving inter-group relations and is supported by decades of positive evidence. Several studies specifically support social contact interventions as a way of reducing stigma against people with mental health problems. Despite the effectiveness of this approach, some social groups have few opportunities for social contact in the real world.

Objectives

Using the England Time to Change anti-stigma campaign as an example, we investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of delivering social contact interventions at the mass population level to reduce stigma and discrimination against people with mental health problems.

Aims

To investigate: (i) the feasibility of scaling up social contact interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination against people with mental health problems and (ii) the effectiveness of mass population social contact interventions to: improve intended stigmatising behaviour, increase willingness to disclose mental health problems and to promote engagement in antistigma activities.

Methods

Two types of mass participation social contact programmes within England's Time to Change campaign were evaluated via self-report questionnaire. Participants at social contact events were asked about the occurrence and quality of contact, attitudes, readiness to discuss mental health, and intended behaviour towards people with mental health problems.

Results

Findings on feasibility and effectiveness of social contact programmes will be presented.

Conclusion

This study suggests that social contact interventions can be used by anti-stigma campaigns to reduce stigma and discrimination against people with mental health problems. Further investigation is needed regarding the maintenance of these changes
3025 – The Role of Sleep in Depression and Anxiety In Youth
Authors: Sarchiapone M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Adequate sleep is essential for good health. Several research show that sleep problems may increase risk to develop different disorders. In particular, the high prevalence and comorbidity of anxiety and sleep problems suggest an important relationship between these two disorders. Importantly, there is evidence that sleep complaints are more common in suicidal patients. Indeed, poor sleep and sleep disturbances are common in depressive disorders and other psychopathological conditions potentially associated with suicidal risk.

Sleep problems in children and adolescents are common, and sleep disruption is associated with a wide range of behavioral, cognitive, and mood impairments, including hyperactivity, lower school grades, and depression.

Objectives

increasing the knowledge about the relationship between sleep problems, anxiety and depression disorders and mental health disorders in young. Through the new knowledge to develop strategies in order to prevent the risk conditions among young.

Aims

improve mental health among young.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis of the correlation between number of hours of sleep per night by the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (Z-SAS), the Paykel suicidal Scale (PSS) and the Strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) was performed on 11,788 students (mean age: 14.9±0.9 M/F: 5181/6552) from 11 different European countries involved in the SEYLE project (Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe).

Conclusions

. Sleep problems are very common among adolescents and often, as other at-risk behaviors, occur with some types of psychological distress. It's important to identify strategies of interventions that pay more attention of unhealthy sleep patterns
3032 – The Self and Psychopathology
Authors: Parnas J.
Published: July 2013

A glaring lack of actionable etiological progress has revived a nosological nihilism, which proposes a downplaying of the traditional nosological classes and focusing elsewhere, e.g., on “descriptive syndromes” (e.g., “depression”, “reality distortion”), proxy-variables (endo-phenotypes), or behavioral constructs with partly known neural underpinnings (e.g., RdoC). However, another type of response may consist of a re-examination of the ontological and epistemological assumptions involved in the massive oversimplification of psychopathology, which took place as a part of the so-called “operational revolution”. This lecture will advocate a revival of psychopathology, which, if equipped with adequate epistemological ressources to address consciousness in its experiential and behavioral dimensions, is urgently relevant and acutely needed for psychiatry as a clinical and academic enterprise. As an illustrative example, the concept of self and its disorders will be briefly examined.
3034 – Efficacy of Antidepressant and Psychotherapeutic Treatments in Child and Adult Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Moreno C.
Published: July 2013

Depressive and anxiety disorders are prevalent psychiatric disorders that often start early in life. Heterotypic association between depression and anxiety has been well documented, with anxiety typically preceding depression in childhood and adolescence, while a more complex pattern of co-occurrence has been described for adult-onset illness. Even when starting early in life, depression and anxiety disorders are associated with poor outcomes, including not only psychiatric, social and vocational outcomes, but also development of physical problems. Although remission rates are high, in most cases episodes tend to recur, with increasing severity with every recurrence.

Identification and treatment of these conditions, therefore, is of outmost importance regardless their age of onset. However, therapeutic approaches must take into account the effect of development in their clinical presentation, the differential efficacy of the therapeutic approaches, and the adverse effects profile.

Current treatment algorithms for depressive and anxiety disorders include psychotherapeutic and psychopharmachological approaches and their combination. Although up until recently most treatment evidence came from adult studies, recent developments have increased knowledge on efficacy of interventions for younger populations. Treatment effects in children and adolescents are lower than in adults, partially due to the high placebo effect in youth. This presentation will provide an overview of the current approach to the treatment of depression and anxiety. Specificity of treatment at early ages will be stressed out. New promising treatments and their potential utility will be also discussed.
Effects of supplemental β-carotene on mucosal IgA induction in the jejunum and ileum of mice after weaning
Authors: Nishida Keita , Sugimoto Miki , Ikeda Shuntaro , Kume Shinichi
Published: July 2013

An adequate immune system is required to prevent diarrhoea in neonates, and IgA provides protection against microbial antigens on mucosal surfaces. Although β-carotene supplementation has been expected to enhance the retinoic acid (RA)-mediated immune response in neonates, the exact mechanism of the enhancement of mucosal IgA production in the small intestine by β-carotene is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of supplemental β-carotene on the concentrations of IgA, the numbers of IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and the mRNA expressions of IgA C-region, CCL25, retinoid X receptor (RXR) α, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α and RARγ in the jejunum and ileum of weanling mice. Weanling mice were fed rodent feed or 50 mg/kg β-carotene-supplemented rodent feed for 7, 14 or 21 d. The concentrations of IgA and the numbers of IgA ASC in the jejunum and ileum of mice increased markedly with age, and supplemental β-carotene increased the concentrations of IgA, the numbers of IgA ASC and the mRNA expressions of IgA C-region, CCL25 and RARγ in the jejunum after 14 and 21 d of treatment. Supplemental β-carotene increased the numbers of IgA ASC in the ileum after 14 and 21 d of treatment, but the concentrations of IgA in the ileum were not affected by β-carotene supplementation. The mRNA expressions of RXRα and RARα in the jejunum and those of RXRα and RARγ in the ileum after 21 d of treatment were enhanced by β-carotene supplementation. These results indicate that β-carotene supplementation in weanling mice is effective to enhance mucosal IgA induction in the jejunum or ileum and that the effects are mainly due to the RA-mediated immune response.
The formation of a collisionless shock
Authors: Bret Antoine , Stockem Anne , Fiúza Frederico , Álvaro Erica Pérez , Ruyer Charles , Narayan Ramesh , Silva Luís O.
Published: July 2013

Collisionless shocks are key processes in astrophysics where the energy dissipation at the shock front is provided by collective plasma effects rather than particle collisions. While numerous simulations and laser-plasma experiments have shown they can result from the encounter of two plasma shells, a first principle theory of the shock formation is still lacking. In this respect, a series of 2D Particle-In-Cells simulations have been performed of two identical cold colliding pair plasmas. The simplicity of this system allows for an accurate analytical tracking of the physics. To start with, the Weibel-filamentation instability is triggered in the overlapping region, which generates a turbulent region after a saturation time τs. The incoming flow then piles-up in this region, building-up the shock density region according to some nonlinear processes, which will be the subject of future works. By evaluating the seed field giving rise to the instability, we derive an analytical expression for τs in good agreement with simulations. In view of the importance of the filamentation instability, we show a static magnetic field can cancel it if and only if it is perfectly aligned with the flow.
The acquisition of future temporality by L2 French learners
Authors: AYOUN DALILA
Published: July 2013

This cross-sectional study in the acquisition of future temporality by English-speaking L2 French learners presents a descriptive account of the major contrastive features of the expression in futurity in English and French before considering learnability implications. A personal narrative and a cloze task were administered to L2 French learners (n = 34) at three proficiency levels and French native speaker controls (n = 14). Analyses revealed task and proficiency effects, but all learners used a variety of morphological forms to express futurity in their personal narratives, and appear to be acquiring temporal and modal values associated with the future.
Postlude: seamless composition and integration – a perspective on formal methods research
Authors: BESTAVROS AZER , KFOURY ASSAF , LAPETS ANDREI
Published: July 2013

Have formal methods in computer science come of age? While the contributions to this special issue of Mathematical Structures in Computer Science attest to their importance in the design and analysis of particular software systems, their relevance to the field as a whole is far wider. In recent years, formal methods have become more accessible and easier to use, more directly related to practical problems and more adaptable to imperfect and/or approximate specifications in real-life applications. As a result, they are now a central component of computer-science education and research.
Employing UML and OCL for designing and analysing role-based access control
Authors: KUHLMANN MIRCO , SOHR KARSTEN , GOGOLLA MARTIN
Published: July 2013

The stringent security requirements of organisations like banks or hospitals frequently adopt role-based access control (RBAC) principles to represent and simplify their internal permission management. While representing a fundamental advanced RBAC concept enabling precise restrictions on access rights, authorisation constraints increase the complexity of the resulting security policies so that tool support for convenient creation and adequate validation is required. A particular contribution of our work is a new approach to developing and analysing RBAC policies using a UML-based domain-specific language (DSL), which allows the hiding of the mathematical structures of the underlying authorisation constraints implemented in OCL. The DSL we present is highly configurable and extensible with respect to new concepts and classes of authorisation constraints, and allows the developer to validate RBAC policies in an effective way. The handling of dynamic (that is, time-dependent) constraints, their visual representation through the RBAC DSL and their analysis all form another part of our contribution. The approach is supported by a UML and OCL validation tool.
Rigorous implementation of real-time systems – from theory to application
Authors: ABDELLATIF TESNIM , COMBAZ JACQUES , SIFAKIS JOSEPH
Published: July 2013

The correct and efficient implementation of general real-time applications remains very much an open problem. A key issue is meeting timing constraints whose satisfaction depends on features of the execution platform, in particular its speed. Existing rigorous implementation techniques are applicable to specific classes of systems, for example, with periodic tasks or time-deterministic systems.

We present a general model-based implementation method for real-time systems based on the use of two models:

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An abstract model representing the behaviour of real-time software as a timed automaton, which describes user-defined platform-independent timing constraints. Its transitions are timeless and correspond to the execution of statements of the real-time software.

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A physical model representing the behaviour of the real-time software running on a given platform. It is obtained by assigning execution times to the transitions of the abstract model.

A necessary condition for implementability is time-safety, that is, any (timed) execution sequence of the physical model is also an execution sequence of the abstract model. Time-safety simply means that the platform is fast enough to meet the timing requirements. As execution times of actions are not known exactly, time-safety is checked for the worst-case execution times of actions by making an assumption of time-robustness: time-safety is preserved when the speed of the execution platform increases.

We show that, as a rule, physical models are not time-robust, and that time-determinism is a sufficient condition for time-robustness. For a given piece of real-time software and an execution platform corresponding to a time-robust model, we define an execution engine that coordinates the execution of the application software so that it meets its timing constraints. Furthermore, in the case of non-robustness, the execution engine can detect violations of time-safety and stop execution.

We have implemented the execution engine for BIP programs with real-time constraints and validated the implementation method for two case studies. The experimental results for a module of a robotic application show that the CPU utilisation and the size of the model are reduced compared with existing implementations. The experimental results for an adaptive video encoder also show that a lack of time-robustness may seriously degrade the performance for increasing platform execution speed.
Applications and extensions of Alloy: past, present and future
Authors: TORLAK EMINA , TAGHDIRI MANA , DENNIS GREG , NEAR JOSEPH P.
Published: July 2013

Alloy is a declarative language for lightweight modelling and analysis of software. The core of the language is based on first-order relational logic, which offers an attractive balance between analysability and expressiveness. The logic is expressive enough to capture the intricacies of real systems, but is also simple enough to support fully automated analysis with the Alloy Analyzer. The Analyzer is built on a SAT-based constraint solver and provides automated simulation, checking and debugging of Alloy specifications. Because of its automated analysis and expressive logic, Alloy has been applied in a wide variety of domains. These applications have motivated a number of extensions both to the Alloy language and to its SAT-based analysis. This paper provides an overview of Alloy in the context of its three largest application domains, lightweight modelling, bounded code verification and test-case generation, and three recent application-driven extensions, an imperative extension to the language, a compiler to executable code and a proof-capable analyser based on SMT.
Preface to special issue: lightweight and practical formal methods in the design and analysis of safety-critical systems
Authors: BESTAVROS AZER , KFOURY ASSAF
Published: July 2013

The papers included in this special issue of Mathematical Structures in Computer Science were selected from a larger set we solicited from leading research groups on both sides of the Atlantic. They cover a wide spectrum of tutorials, recent results and surveys in the area of lightweight and practical formal methods in the design and analysis of safety-critical systems. All the papers we received were submitted to a rigorous process of review and revision, based on which we made our final selection.
Excluded Forest Minors and the Erdős–Pósa Property
Authors: FIORINI SAMUEL , JORET GWENAËL , WOOD DAVID R.
Published: July 2013

A classical result of Robertson and Seymour states that the set of graphs containing a fixed planar graph H as a minor has the so-called Erdős–Pósa property; namely, there exists a function f depending only on H such that, for every graph G and every positive integer k, the graph G has k vertex-disjoint subgraphs each containing H as a minor, or there exists a subset X of vertices of G with |X| ≤ f(k) such that G − X has no H-minor (see Robertson and Seymour, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B41 (1986) 92–114). While the best function f currently known is exponential in k, a O(k log k) bound is known in the special case where H is a forest. This is a consequence of a theorem of Bienstock, Robertson, Seymour and Thomas on the pathwidth of graphs with an excluded forest-minor. In this paper we show that the function f can be taken to be linear when H is a forest. This is best possible in the sense that no linear bound is possible if H has a cycle.