bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epigenome erosion and SOX10 drive neural crest phenotypic mimicry in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Saunus Jodi M. , De Luca Xavier M. , Northwood Korinne , Raghavendra Ashwini , Hasson Alexander , McCart Reed Amy E. , Lim Malcolm , Lal Samir , Vargas A. Cristina , Kutasovic Jamie R. , Dalley Andrew J. , Miranda Mariska , Kalaw Emarene , Kalita-de Croft Priyakshi , Gresshoff Irma , Al-Ejeh Fares , Gee Julia M. W. , Ormandy Chris , Khanna Kum Kum , Beesley Jonathan , Chenevix-Trench Georgia , Green Andrew R. , Rakha Emad A. , Ellis Ian O. , Nicolau Dan V. , Simpson Peter T. , Lakhani Sunil R.
Published: May 2022

Intratumoral heterogeneity is caused by genomic instability and phenotypic plasticity, but how these features co-evolve remains unclear. SOX10 is a neural crest stem cell (NCSC) specifier and candidate mediator of phenotypic plasticity in cancer. We investigated its relevance in breast cancer by immunophenotyping 21 normal breast and 1860 tumour samples. Nuclear SOX10 was detected in normal mammary luminal progenitor cells, the histogenic origin of most TNBCs. In tumours, nuclear SOX10 was almost exclusive to TNBC, and predicted poorer outcome amongst cross-sectional (p = 0.0015, hazard ratio 2.02, n = 224) and metaplastic (p = 0.04, n = 66) cases. To understand SOX10’s influence over the transcriptome during the transition from normal to malignant states, we performed a systems-level analysis of co-expression data, de-noising the networks with an eigen-decomposition method. This identified a core module in SOX10’s normal mammary epithelial network that becomes rewired to NCSC genes in TNBC. Crucially, this reprogramming was proportional to genome-wide promoter methylation loss, particularly at lineage-specifying CpG-island shores. We propose that the progressive, genome-wide methylation loss in TNBC simulates more primitive epigenome architecture, making cells vulnerable to SOX10-driven reprogramming. This study demonstrates potential utility for SOX10 as a prognostic biomarker in TNBC and provides new insights about developmental phenotypic mimicry—a major contributor to intratumoral heterogeneity.
Autonomous scanning probe microscopy investigations over WS2 and Au{111}
Authors: Thomas John C. , Rossi Antonio , Smalley Darian , Francaviglia Luca , Yu Zhuohang , Zhang Tianyi , Kumari Shalini , Robinson Joshua A. , Terrones Mauricio , Ishigami Masahiro , Rotenberg Eli , Barnard Edward S. , Raja Archana , Wong Ed , Ogletree D. Frank , Noack Marcus M. , Weber-Bargioni Alexander
Published: May 2022

Individual atomic defects in 2D materials impact their macroscopic functionality. Correlating the interplay is challenging, however, intelligent hyperspectral scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) mapping provides a feasible solution to this technically difficult and time consuming problem. Here, dense spectroscopic volume is collected autonomously via Gaussian process regression, where convolutional neural networks are used in tandem for spectral identification. Acquired data enable defect segmentation, and a workflow is provided for machine-driven decision making during experimentation with capability for user customization. We provide a means towards autonomous experimentation for the benefit of both enhanced reproducibility and user-accessibility. Hyperspectral investigations on WS2 sulfur vacancy sites are explored, which is combined with local density of states confirmation on the Au{111} herringbone reconstruction. Chalcogen vacancies, pristine WS2, Au face-centered cubic, and Au hexagonal close-packed regions are examined and detected by machine learning methods to demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence for hyperspectral STS mapping.
2×N twin-field quantum key distribution network configuration based on polarization, wavelength, and time division multiplexing
Authors: Park Chang Hoon , Woo Min Ki , Park Byung Kwon , Kim Yong-Su , Baek Hyeonjun , Lee Seung-Woo , Lim Hyang-Tag , Jeon Seung-Woo , Jung Hojoong , Kim Sangin , Han Sang-Wook
Published: May 2022

Developing quantum key distribution (QKD) has been recently directed toward distance extension and network expansion for real-world secure communications. Considering a recent report on a quantum communication network over 4,600 km, it seems that QKD networks using conventional protocols have been sufficiently studied. However, although the twin-field QKD (TF-QKD) proposed for long-distance QKD has been studied deeply enough to succeed the demonstrations over 428- and 511-km deployed fibers, TF-QKD networks have been verified only for a ring network. In this work, we propose a star topological 2 × N TF-QKD network scheme, where the coherence maintenance issue, being the primary obstacle to implementing TF-QKD, can be minimized by the automatic mode-matching feature of the Sagnac-based plug-and-play architecture. A lower number of active controllers is required for our scheme in comparison with one-way TF-QKD networks. Moreover, our scheme adopts a cost-effective configuration that requires only a single pair of single-photon detectors for the entire network system. We conducted a proof-of-concept experiment over a 50-km fiber successfully, achieving an average secret key rate of 1.31 × 10−4 bit per pulse (1.52 bit per second) with the finite-size effect.
Mapping the epithelial–immune cell interactome upon infection in the gut and the upper airways
Authors: Poletti Martina , Treveil Agatha , Csabai Luca , Gul Leila , Modos Dezso , Madgwick Matthew , Olbei Marton , Bohar Balazs , Valdeolivas Alberto , Turei Denes , Verstockt Bram , Triana Sergio , Alexandrov Theodore , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Stanifer Megan L. , Boulant Steeve , Korcsmaros Tamas
Published: May 2022

Increasing evidence points towards the key role of the epithelium in the systemic and over-activated immune response to viral infection, including SARS-CoV-2 infection. Yet, how viral infection alters epithelial–immune cell interactions regulating inflammatory responses, is not well known. Available experimental approaches are insufficient to properly analyse this complex system, and computational predictions and targeted data integration are needed as an alternative approach. In this work, we propose an integrated computational biology framework that models how infection alters intracellular signalling of epithelial cells and how this change impacts the systemic immune response through modified interactions between epithelial cells and local immune cell populations. As a proof-of-concept, we focused on the role of intestinal and upper-airway epithelial infection. To characterise the modified epithelial–immune interactome, we integrated intra- and intercellular networks with single-cell RNA-seq data from SARS-CoV-2 infected human ileal and colonic organoids as well as from infected airway ciliated epithelial cells. This integrated methodology has proven useful to point out specific epithelial–immune interactions driving inflammation during disease response, and propose relevant molecular targets to guide focused experimental analysis.
Maladaptive myelination promotes generalized epilepsy progression
Authors: Knowles Juliet K. , Xu Haojun , Soane Caroline , Batra Ankita , Saucedo Tristan , Frost Eleanor , Tam Lydia T. , Fraga Danielle , Ni Lijun , Villar Katlin , Talmi Sydney , Huguenard John R. , Monje Michelle
Published: May 2022

Activity-dependent myelination can fine-tune neural network dynamics. Conversely, aberrant neuronal activity, as occurs in disorders of recurrent seizures (epilepsy), could promote maladaptive myelination, contributing to pathogenesis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that activity-dependent myelination resulting from absence seizures, which manifest as frequent behavioral arrests with generalized electroencephalography (EEG) spike-wave discharges, promote thalamocortical network hypersynchrony and contribute to epilepsy progression. We found increased oligodendrogenesis and myelination specifically within the seizure network in two models of generalized epilepsy with absence seizures (Wag/Rij rats and Scn8a+/mut mice), evident only after epilepsy onset. Aberrant myelination was prevented by pharmacological seizure inhibition in Wag/Rij rats. Blocking activity-dependent myelination decreased seizure burden over time and reduced ictal synchrony as assessed by EEG coherence. These findings indicate that activity-dependent myelination driven by absence seizures contributes to epilepsy progression; maladaptive myelination may be pathogenic in some forms of epilepsy and other neurological diseases.
Portfolio effects and functional redundancy contribute to the maintenance of octocoral forests on Caribbean reefs
Authors: Edmunds P. J. , Lasker H. R.
Published: May 2022

Declines in abundance of scleractinian corals on shallow Caribbean reefs have left many reefs dominated by forests of arborescent octocorals. The ecological mechanisms favoring their persistence require exploration. We quantified octocoral communities from 2014 to 2019 at two sites in St. John, US Virgin Islands, and evaluated their dynamics to assess whether portfolio effects might contribute to their resilience. Octocorals were identified to species, or species complexes, and their abundances and heights were measured, with height2 serving as a biomass proxy. Annual variation in abundance was asynchronous among species, except when they responded in similar ways to hurricanes in September 2017. Multivariate changes in octocoral communities, viewed in 2-dimensional ordinations, were similar between sites, but analyses based on density differed from those based on the biomass proxy. On the density scale, variation in the community composed of all octocoral species was indistinguishable from that quantified with subsets of 6–10 of the octocoral species at one of the two sites, identifying structural redundancy in the response of the community. Conservation of the relative colony size-frequency structure, combined with temporal changes in the species represented by the tallest colonies, suggests that portfolio effects and functional redundancy stabilize the vertical structure and canopy in these tropical octocoral forests.
Brief report on the relation between complement C3a and anti dsDNA antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cai Yao-Hua , Deng Jun , Chen Zhao-Lin , Mei Heng , Tang Liang , Luo Shan-Shan , Hu Yu
Published: May 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the production of a diverse array of autoantibodies and the dysfunctional activation of the complement system. The specific association between the complement component C3a (C3a) protein and antibodies specific for double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), however, has not been studied in detail to date. This study was thus designed to more fully explore circulating C3a levels in SLE patients. In total, 13 SLE patients were enrolled in this study after having been diagnosed in accordance with the SLICC classification criteria, with 7 and 6 patients respectively exhibiting positivity for anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm autoantibodies. Serum complement component C1q (C1q) and C3a levels in samples from these patients were detected via Western blotting, while other serological, biochemical, and clinical parkers associated with disease activity were detected using standard laboratory techniques. The levels of serum C3a in anti-dsDNA+ patients were significantly elevated as compared to those in anti-Sm+ patients (P < 0.01), and a positive correlation between serum C3a levels and SLE Disease Activity Index scores was detected (P < 0.05, r = 0.6134). C3a levels are correlated with the degree of SLE disease activity and other clinically relevant readouts in SLE patients. C3a levels may also enable the differentiation between inactive and active SLE, while also offering value as an advantageous biomarker for thrombophilia monitoring in SLE patients.
Role of cathepsin K in the expression of mechanical hypersensitivity following intra-plantar inflammation
Authors: Paracha Maha , Thakar Amit , Darling Rebecca A. , Wulff Shaun S. , Rule Dan C. , Nair Sreejayan , Brown Travis E.
Published: May 2022

Persistent/chronic inflammatory pain involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms and is far more complex than acute/momentary pain. Current therapeutics for chronic inflammatory pain are often not effective because the etiology responsible for the pain is not addressed by traditional pharmacological treatments. Cathepsin K is a cysteine protease that has mostly been studied in the context of bone and joint disorders. Previous work by others has shown that inhibition of cathepsin K activity reduces osteoarthritis-associated nociception in joints. However, the role of cathepsin K in cutaneous inflammation is understudied. We assessed the effectiveness of genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin K in male mice on the expression of nocifensive behaviors after formalin injection or mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity after injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the mouse hind paw. Our data demonstrate that cathepsin K knockout mice (Ctsk−/−) have a reduction in nocifensive behaviors in the formalin test. In addition, Ctsk−/− do not develop mechanical hypersensitivity after CFA injection for up to 7 days. Moreover, we found that inhibition of cathepsin K reduced mechanical hypersensitivity after CFA injection and mRNA levels, protein levels, and cathepsin K activity levels were elevated after CFA injection. Based upon our data, cathepsin K is indicated to play a role in the expression of chemically-induced cutaneous hypersensitivity, as Ctsk−/− mice do not develop mechanical hypersensitivity and show a reduction in nocifensive behaviors. Further research is needed to determine whether attenuating cathepsin K activity may generate a clinically relevant therapeutic.
Hemodynamic and morphological changes of the central retinal artery in myopic eyes
Authors: Zhao Mei , Lam Andrew Kwok-Cheung , Ying Michael Tin-Cheung , Cheong Allen Ming-Yan
Published: May 2022

Due to excessive elongation of the eyeball, myopia-related vascular abnormalities are frequently observed in the central retinal artery (CRA) and its intraretinal branches. In addition to inconsistency in previously reported findings, hemodynamic (reduced flow velocity, increased vascular resistance) and morphological changes (narrower vessel diameter) were usually studied separately. This cross-sectional study evaluated the hemodynamic and morphological characteristics concurrently in a large sample of healthy myopes, by using the color Doppler ultrasound and adaptive optics retinal camera. Results showed that the retrobulbar segment of CRA had a tendency of slightly reduced flow velocity in eyeballs with longer axial length, but the correlation was not significant after adjusting for the multiple correlations. Vascular resistance was not affected by the axial elongation. With respect to the intraretinal branches, no significant changes in longer eyes of total diameter or lumen diameter were observed, while both the wall thickness and the wall cross-sectional area were significantly increased, but only a marginally increase in the wall to lumen ratio was found with increasing axial length. This implies some potential small artery remodeling in the intraretinal CRA branches. Overall, blood supply of the inner retina in healthy young myopes is likely to be maintained. Additionally, morphological parameters of vascular microstructure could be potential biomarkers to monitor myopia progression and understand myopia-related vascular abnormalities in future studies.
Development and validation of an interpretable clinical score for early identification of acute kidney injury at the emergency department
Authors: Ang Yukai , Li Siqi , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Xie Feng , Teo Su Hooi , Choong Lina , Koniman Riece , Chakraborty Bibhas , Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Liu Nan
Published: May 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalised patients is a common syndrome associated with poorer patient outcomes. Clinical risk scores can be used for the early identification of patients at risk of AKI. We conducted a retrospective study using electronic health records of Singapore General Hospital emergency department patients who were admitted from 2008 to 2016. The primary outcome was inpatient AKI of any stage within 7 days of admission based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) 2012 guidelines. A machine learning-based framework AutoScore was used to generate clinical scores from the study sample which was randomly divided into training, validation and testing cohorts. Model performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC). Among the 119,468 admissions, 10,693 (9.0%) developed AKI. 8491 were stage 1 (79.4%), 906 stage 2 (8.5%) and 1296 stage 3 (12.1%). The AKI Risk Score (AKI-RiSc) was a summation of the integer scores of 6 variables: serum creatinine, serum bicarbonate, pulse, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and age. AUC of AKI-RiSc was 0.730 (95% CI 0.714–0.747), outperforming an existing AKI Prediction Score model which achieved AUC of 0.665 (95% CI 0.646–0.679) on the testing cohort. At a cut-off of 4 points, AKI-RiSc had a sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 46.7%. AKI-RiSc is a simple clinical score that can be easily implemented on the ground for early identification of AKI and potentially be applied in international settings.
Coordination and thermophysical properties of select trivalent lanthanides in LiCl–KCl
Authors: Fuller Jon , Moon Jeremy , Zhang Jing , Chidambaram Dev , An Qi
Published: May 2022

The coordination chemistry, thermophysical and transport properties, and vibrational density of states of three trivalent lanthanides in eutectic LiCl–KCl were evaluated using QM-MD and 2PT and compared with those of the experimental Raman spectra.
Recent research progress of red-emitting/near-infrared fluorescent probes for biothiols
Authors: Dong Jianning , Lu Guowei , Tu Yayi , Fan Congbin
Published: May 2022

Red-emitting/near-infrared fluorescent probes for biothiols based on dicyanoisophorone, tricyanofuran, rhodamine, BODIPY, cyanine dyes and other fluorophores were reviewed and summarized.
An electrochemical biosensor based on few-layer MoS2 nanosheets for highly sensitive detection of tumor marker ctDNA
Authors: Cui Zhilian , Li Dujuan , Yang Weihuang , Fan Kai , Liu Hongying , Wen Fei , Li Lili , Dong Linxi , Wang Gaofeng , Wu Wei
Published: May 2022

A method based on few-layer MoS2 nanosheets for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of tumor marker ctDNA.
On the role of dynamic electron correlation in non-orthogonal configuration interaction with fragments
Authors: Sánchez-Mansilla A. , Sousa C. , Kathir R. K. , Broer R. , Straatsma T. P. , de Graaf C.
Published: May 2022

Two different approaches have been implemented to include the effect of dynamic electron correlation in the Non-Orthogonal Configuration Interaction for Fragments (NOCI-F) method.
Insight on the anti-poisoning mechanism of in situ coupled sulfate over iron oxide catalysts in NOx reduction
Authors: Lyu Minghui , Zou Jingjing , Liu Xiangyu , Yan Tingting , Wang Penglu , Zhang Dengsong
Published: May 2022

In situ coupled sulfate uniquely migrated to the surface of iron oxide catalysts to capture metal poisons and thus maintained efficient adsorption and activation of NH3 and NOx reactants.
Forever young: the first seventy years of ferrocene
Authors: Štěpnička Petr
Published: May 2022

The discovery of ferrocene seventy years ago has revolutionised chemical research and opened a way to its applications in diverse fields. These developments are succinctly presented in this perspective.
An α-diiminato germylene family: syntheses, structures, and reactivity towards C–C coupled digermylene and digermylene oxide
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Shang Jianxuan , Wei Jing , Gao Fangfang , Hou Lei , Zeng Fanlong , Li Anyang , Wang Wenyuan
Published: May 2022

The synthesis and reactivity of a germylene chloride 2 stabilized by a rigid α-diiminate ligand was systematically explored to afford a new family of germylenes, which bonding nature was revealed by their XRD structures and DFT calculations.
Crystalline phosphino-functionalized mesoionic olefins (p-MIOs)
Authors: Merschel Arne , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans-Georg , Ghadwal Rajendra S.
Published: May 2022

Phosphino-functionalized mesoionic olefins (p-MIOs), (iMIC)CHR (iMIC = PhC{N(Dipp)}2C(PPh2)C, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; R = H 4a or Ph 4b), derived from a 1,3-imidazole-based mesoionic carbene (iMIC) are reported.
Mercury methylation and methylmercury demethylation in boreal lake sediment with legacy sulphate pollution
Authors: Huang Haiyong , Mangal Vaughn , Rennie Michael D. , Tong Huan , Simpson Myrna J. , Mitchell Carl P. J.
Published: May 2022

Effects of sulphate pollution on enhancing elevated MeHg production in lake sediment persist even if sulphate levels in lake water have recovered for decades.
Expeditious synthesis of highly substituted 3(2H)-furanone and quinoline by microwave assisted reaction between aldonitrones and dibenzoylacetylene
Authors: Musthafa Sumi P. , Antony Jesna , Natarajan Rakesh , Rappai John P.
Published: May 2022

A rapid, catalyst-free, GREEN protocol for the synthesis of highly substituted 3(2H)-furanone and quinoline.
Simultaneous determination of cadmium(ii), lead(ii), copper(ii) and mercury(ii) using an electrode modified by N/S co-doped graphene
Authors: Tan Xu , Li Ziqing , Wang Xixin , Xu Maodan , Yang Mengyao , Zhao Jianling
Published: May 2022

NSRG has superior sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, stability and practicality, exhibiting broad application prospects in the field of electrochemical sensing.
Metal-free approach towards efficient synthesis of FDCA using a p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA)-derived heterogeneous solid acid catalyst and oxone over two steps from HMF, fructose and glucose
Authors: Biradar Tamboli Asma T. , Kirdant Swapnali P. , Jadhav Vrushali H.
Published: May 2022

In this work, a metal-free approach towards synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from HMF, fructose and glucose is reported over two steps using p-TSA–POM solid acid catalyst in the first step and oxone as an oxidant in the second step.
In situ bridging nanotwinned all-solid-state Z-scheme g-C3N4/CdCO3/CdS heterojunction photocatalyst by metal oxide for H2 evolution
Authors: Wang Jing , Fan Yulei , Pan Runhui , Hao Qi , Ye Jilei , Wu Yuping , van Ree Teunis
Published: May 2022

CdS and g-C3N4 are in situ bridged by CdCO3 to form nanotwined all-solid-state (ASS) Z-scheme g-C3N4/CdCO3/CdS heterojunction photocatalyst for enhanced visible-light-driven H2 production.
Modern metal-catalyzed and organocatalytic methods for synthesis of coumarin derivatives: a review
Authors: Moghadam Farid Sara , Seifinoferest Behnoush , Gholamhosseyni Maral , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Organocatalytic methods and light-mediated methods have proved to be effective in chemical synthetic science. This paper compares them with the more established metal-catalyzed methods for the synthesis of a pharmaceutical core: coumarin.
Cyclodextrin-pillar[n]arene hybridized macrocyclic systems
Authors: Liu Zhaona , Zhou Le , Zhang Huacheng , Han Jie
Published: May 2022

A hybrid system containing cyclodextrin and pillar[n]arene was developed, which combines the advantages of both, and the recent progress in its preparation and application is summarized in this review.
Recyclable tough thermosets with an imide-hexahydrotriazine structure
Authors: Liu Yingying , Lu Fei , Wan Junjun , Yang Lei , Huang Yudong , Hu Zhen
Published: May 2022

Novel closed-loop recyclable thermosets with a polyimide-hexahydrotriazine (PHT) structure exhibit excellent comprehensive performance and the corresponding composites are efficiently recycled.
Synthesis and characterization of sulfated-lactose polyurethane hydrogels
Authors: Dalton Emily , Morris Zachary , Ayres Neil
Published: May 2022

A new lactose diol has been prepared in up to 100 g scales and used in step growth polymerizations to prepare polyurethane hydrogels with high-swelling ratios.
Enhancing cell membrane phase separation for inhibiting cancer metastasis with a stimuli-responsive DNA nanodevice
Authors: Su Yingying , Chen Xiaoqing , Wang Hui , Sun Lele , Xu Ying , Li Di
Published: May 2022

A DNA nanodevice is developed to enhance the cell membrane phase separation in a tumor microenvironment to weaken the formation of focal adhesion. As a result, the migration of cancer cells is inhibited both in vitro and in vivo.
Silicon functionalization expands the repertoire of Si-rhodamine fluorescent probes
Authors: Rao Desaboini Nageswara , Ji Xincai , Miller Stephen C.
Published: May 2022

Functionalization of the bridging silicon atom of Si-rhodamine dyes allows tuning of dye performance, the attachment of sensors, and the addition of biomolecular targeting ligands useful for the construction of live cell imaging probes.
Effect of the content and strength of hard segment on the viscoelasticity of the polyurethane elastomer: insights from molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Wang Yimin , Ma Ruibin , Li Haoxiang , Hu Shikai , Gao Yangyang , Liu Li , Zhao Xiuying , Zhang Liqun
Published: May 2022

The effect of the content and strength of the hard segment on the viscoelasticity of the polyurethane elastomer is explored by adopting a coarse-grained model and the molecular mechanism is discussed.
Exploring the impacts of traffic flow states on freeway normal crashes, primary crashes, and secondary crashes
Authors: Yang Bo , Guo Yanyong , Zhang Weihua , Yao Ying , Wu Yiping
Published: May 2022

This study aims to explore the relationship between traffic flow states and crash type/severity in the scenarios of normal crashes, primary crashes, and secondary crashes using the association rules mining approach. The crash data and real‐time traffic data were collected from the I‐880 freeway for five years in California, USA. The secondary crashes were identified using a speed contour plot approach. Traffic flow states were identified by the three‐phase flow theory. The results showed that the free flow is associated with the proportion of the sideswipe normal crash, the hit object primary crash, and the injury primary crash. The synchronized flow, the wide moving jams, and the transitional state from synchronized flow to wide moving jams are associated with the proportion of the rear‐end secondary crash. The transitional state from synchronized flow to free flow is associated with the proportion of the rear‐end primary crash and the property damage only primary crash. In addition, the unsafe speed behaviour can increase the proportion of the rear‐end normal, primary, and secondary crashes. The unsafe lane change behaviour can increase the proportion of the sideswipe normal, primary, and secondary crashes. These results have the potential to reduce the secondary crash probability.
The molecular gas properties in local Seyfert 2 galaxies
Authors: Salvestrini F. , Gruppioni C. , Hatziminaoglou E. , Pozzi F. , Vignali C. , Casasola V. , Paladino R. , Aalto S. , Andreani P. , Marchesi S. , Stanke T.
Published: May 2022

Aims.We present a multiwavelength study of the molecular gas properties of a sample of local Seyfert 2 galaxies to assess if, and to what extent, the presence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) can affect the interstellar medium (ISM) properties in a sample of 33 local Seyfert 2 galaxies.

Methods.We compare the molecular gas content (MH2) derived from new and archival low-J CO line measurements of a sample of AGN and a control sample of star-forming galaxies (SFGs). Both the AGN and the control sample are characterized in terms of host-galaxy properties, for example stellar and dust masses (M⋆andMdust, respectively) and the star formation rate (SFR). We also investigate the effect of AGN activity on the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules in the mid-infrared (MIR), a waveband where the dust-reprocessed emission from the obscured AGN contributes the most.

Result.The AGN hosted in less massive galaxies (i.e.,M⋆ < 1010.5 M⊙;Mdust < 107.5 M⊙) show larger molecular gas contents with respect to SFGs that have the same stellar and dust masses. When comparing their depletion times (tdep ∝ MH2/SFR), AGN showtdep ∼ 0.3 − 1.0 Gyr, similar to the times observed in the control sample of SFGs. Seyfert 2 galaxies show fainter PAH luminosity the larger the dominance of the nuclear activity in the MIR.

Conclusions.We find no clear evidence for a systematic reduction in the molecular gas reservoir at galactic scales in Seyfert galaxies with respect to SFGs. This is in agreement with recent studies that show that molecular gas content is only reduced in sub-kiloparsec-sized regions, where emission from the accreting supermassive black hole dominates. Nonetheless, we show that the impact of AGN activity on the ISM is clearly visible as a suppression of the PAH luminosity.
A review on manufacturing technologies of thin-walled components with ribs
Authors: LEI Yudong , ZHAN Mei , FAN Xiaoguang , ZHANG Yuanqi , NIU Haotong , BAI Danni , GAO Pengfei , ZHENG Zebang
Published: May 2022

As key structural parts of aerospace and weaponry, the integrated manufacturing of thin-walled components with ribs is an effective method to achieve the lightweight of high-end equipment and improve its performance. According to the development of thin-walled components with ribs, it was classified in this paper. Based on panel and cylindrical/ring parts, the research progress of manufacturing technology of two types of ribbed components were summarized. With regard to the rib-web parts, the development history of traditional forming technology, integral near-net plastic forming technology and local loading near-net plastic forming technology were reviewed. Then, the above three kinds of technology of processing theory, technology and tooling were discussed, and the characteristics of manufacturing and the differences in component performance were compared. For the cylindrical/ring parts with ribs, the latest research progress of extrusion, spinning and envelope forming on component manufacturing were reviewed, and the technical characteristics and development potential of various processes were compared. Based on the analysis of the above research, the development trend and technical challenges of manufacturing technology of thin-walled components with ribs were summarized.
Study on thermal-mechanical coupling performance and failure mechanism of titanium alloy lattice structures in high temperature environment
Authors: WANG Dong , HUANG Heyuan , XU Yixin , ZHAO Meiying
Published: May 2022

Three types of lattice structure unit cell specimens of kagome, single-stage pyramidal and multistage pyramidal were designed and manufactured by using 3D printing technology, out-of-plane compression tests and numerical simulations in the room temperature environments of 25℃ and high temperature of 350℃ were carried out. The analysis clarified the influence of the three design parameters of cell number, structure form and structure level on the out-of-plane load-bearing capacity of the lattice structure, and revealed the thermal-mechanical coupling performance and failure mechanism of the lattice structures. The results show that the carrying capacity of the kagome lattice increases linearly with the number of cells, which verifies the rationality to use single cells instead of multiple cells to carry out related research. Further analysis showed that the failure mode of three lattice structures was all internal core buckling leading to the overall failure of the structure, and the structural level has the most significant impact on the mechanical properties of the lattice. Due to the addition of the secondary core, the multistage pyramidal lattice structure has a larger heat transfer surface area and load-bearing capacity: under the same weight, the internal core heat transfer surface area increased by 131.9% comparing with the single-stage lattice structure, and at 25℃ and 350℃, the ultimate load of single-stage lattice structure increased by 18.4% and 23% respectively. At the same time, due to the increase in heat transfer surface area, the bearing capacity of the multistage lattice unit cell was slightly affected by high temperature than the kagome and single-stage lattice unit cells.
Generalization strategy design of UAVs pursuit evasion game based on DDPG
Authors: FU Xiaowei , XU Zhe , WANG Hui
Published: May 2022

UAVs pursuit evasion game is a research hotspot in the field of air combat. Traditional solutions have many limitations to this problem, such as the difficulty of the model to adapt to complex dynamic environments to quickly make decisions, and the poor generalization of different mission scenarios. Based on the DDPG(deep deterministic policy gradient) algorithm, a mathematical model of UAVs pursuit and evasion countermeasures is established in this paper. On this basis, this research designs a variety of countermaneuver strategies for escaping UAV, and uses the training method of course learning ideas. In the training process, the intelligence of the escaping UAV is gradually improved, so as to progressively train the confrontation strategy of the chasing UAV. The simulation results show that compared with direct training, the pursuit strategy of the chasing UAV trained by the research method of course learning can converge faster, and can better perform the hunting mission of enemy aircraft, and can be applied to a variety of enemy aircraft with a variety of maneuvering strategies, which effectively improved the generalization of the UAV′s pursuit and escape confrontation decision model.
Effect of graphene nanosheets on interlaminar mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced metal laminates
Authors: ZHAO Changbao , CAO Meng , XUE Hongqian , HU Zonghao , ZHOU Zhiqiang , MENG Qingshi , WANG Shuo
Published: May 2022

Aiming at the problem of weak bond strength between CARALL metal/resin/fiber layers, this paper proposes a new preparation method to improve the bond strength between CARALL layers. In this method, Graphene platelets (GnPs) with different mass fractions (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0%) are uniformly dispersed in epoxy resin by ultrasonic dispersion method, and using the wet layup method completes the production of CARALL. Carry out the I type fracture toughness test, explore the influence of GnPs on the CARALL interlaminar performance, and carry out the test of the tensile and flexural properties of CARALL to study the influence of GnPs on the mechanical properties of CARALL. The enhancement mechanism of GnPs and the failure mode of CARALL specimens were observed by SEM and optical images. The results show that when the amount of GnPs added is 0.5%, CARALL has the best interlaminar strength and mechanical properties. When 0.5% GnPs is added, the type I fracture toughness is increased by 79%; the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and strain rate at break are increased by 14.5%, 11.0%, and 15.5%, respectively; the flexural strength and flexural strain rate are increased by 20.5% and 89.7%, respectively. This is because adding GnPs to the epoxy resin can disperse the load carried by CARALL, and use its own fracture, pull-out and debonding mechanisms to absorb energy, and further improve the interlayer mechanical properties of CARALL.
Analytical design and performance analysis of LEO mega chain satellite constellation
Authors: ZHENG Pengfei , CHEN Hongyu , GUO Chongbin
Published: May 2022

With the development of microsatellite technology and the growth of ground reconnaissance demand, the rapid design of a LEO constellation with minimum satellite number, low revisit time (within 10 minutes), and permanent inter-satellite links has become a hotspot and difficulty in constellation design. Aiming at the problem to use the minimum satellite number to achieve low revisit time coverage, a LEO (low earth orbit) Walker-chain constellation and its design method is proposed. The difference between the chain constellation and the classical Walker constellation is that it has one or more closed chain configurations. According to the coverage requirements and sensor field of view angle, the analytical design method is derived. A LEO chain constellation containing 132 satellites is designed for the ground reconnaissance mission. Comparing with the classical Walker-δ constellation and repeat ground track constellation, the chain constellation has fewer satellites, lower revisit time and the permanent inter-satellite links.
Study on failure mechanism of reinforced concrete beam based on cohesive zone model
Authors: XIE Hao , SUN Xiaotong , MEN Yanqing , HUANG Yongliang , CAO Yuxin
Published: May 2022

The problem of crack propagation in reinforced concrete beams is common in practical engineering. It is very important to correctly describe the law of crack propagation, the mechanism of fracture failure and the internal stress and deformation characteristics of the beams. Based on cohesive zone mode, the mechanical mechanism of fracture failure of 3D reinforced concrete beams under external load is studied in this paper. By comparing the numerical simulation with the experimental results of the reinforced concrete beam, the crack distribution, expansion law and failure mode of the reinforced concrete beam under the conditions of different reinforcement ratio and spiral stirrup inclination angle are investigated. The results show that: ①a small amount of reinforcement and a superfluous amount of reinforcement will make the reinforced concrete beam show the characteristics of brittle failure, while the moderate reinforcement ratio can give full play to the ductility of the reinforced concrete beam, which is easier to bear the load of the beam; ②when the inclination angle of spiral stirrup is about 80°, the bearing capacity of normal section and oblique section of the beam reach the maximum value.
Förderung von bewegungsbezogener
Gesundheitskompetenz in ärztlich verordneten Bewegungsinterventionen
– Aufbau des Interventionskonzeptes im Forschungsprojekt
BewegtVersorgt
Authors: Naber Inga , Klamroth Sarah , Weissenfels Anja , Geidl Wolfgang , Streber René , Mino Eriselda , Gelius Peter , Abu-Omar Karim , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: May 2022

Die ärztlich-initiierte Verordnung von Bewegung kann als effektive
Methode zur Bewegungsförderung von Menschen mit
nichtübertragbaren Erkrankungen (non-communicable diseases –
NCD) eingesetzt werden. Die Förderung der bewegungsbezogenen
Gesundheitskompetenz (BGK) im Rahmen der verordneten Bewegung beeinflusst die
Gesundheitswirkungen, den Bewältigungsprozess sowie das
Bewegungsverhalten positiv. In diesem Artikel wird ein BGK-basiertes
Interventionskonzept zur ärztlich-initiierten Bewegungsförderung
vorgestellt, welches im Projekt BewegtVersorgt entwickelt wurde.

Das Forschungsprojekt BewegtVersorgt hat das Ziel, in Deutschland eine
solche ärztlich-initiierte Bewegungsversorgungskette zur systematischen
Bewegungsförderung für Menschen mit NCD zu entwickeln, zu
erproben und zu evaluieren. Im Rahmen des Projekts haben sich zwölf
Organisationen aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen des Gesundheitssystems
(Ärzteschaft, Kostenträger, Bewegungsanbieter, Vertretung der
Betroffenen) an der Entwicklung einer Bewegungsversorgungskette beteiligt. Diese
Versorgungskette wird in Form eines Modellprojektes nach §§ 63
Abs. 2, 64 SGB V gemeinsam mit ärztlichem Fachpersonal,
Bewegungsfachpersonal und Bewegungsanbietern in der Routineversorgung
für ein Jahr erprobt. Die Kernkomponente der Bewegungsversorgungskette
stellt die individuelle Bewegungsförderung (IBF) dar, welche basierend
auf dem Modell der BGK entwickelt wurde und von speziell geschultem
Bewegungsfachpersonal durchgeführt wird. Das Konzept ist modular
aufgebaut, integriert spezifische Methoden sowie Arbeitsmaterialien und umfasst
eine 1:1 Betreuung über einen Zeitraum von 24 Wochen (6 Einheiten
à 60 Minuten und drei Assessments).

Nach der Erprobung werden der Implementierungserfolg in der Routineversorgung
sowie die Wirksamkeit der Versorgungskette im Hinblick auf die Steigerung des
körperlichen Aktivitätslevels und der BGK evaluiert. Sollte sich
das neue Versorgungskonzept als wirksam erweisen, ist für die letzte
Projektphase die Entwicklung eines Transfer- und Skalierungskonzepts zur
nachhaltigen Verankerung in der Gesundheitsversorgung geplant.
Analyse möglicher Zusammenhänge zwischen der
körperlichen Ausdauerleistung und der kognitiven Leistung sowie der
individuellen Alpha-Peak-Frequenz bei älteren Personen mit Typ-2
Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Masoud Magd , Amerkamp Jessica , Schwarzer Janina , Hülsdünker Thorben , Predel Hans-Georg , Brinkmann Christian
Published: May 2022

Typ-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) erhöht das Risiko für
Demenzerkrankungen/Einbußen der kognitiven Leistung im Alter.
Eine gute körperliche Fitness gilt hingegen als Schutzfaktor. Ziel
dieser Studie war es, potenzielle Zusammenhänge zwischen der
Ausdauerleistung und der kognitiven Leistung sowie der individuellen
Alpha-Peak-Frequenz (iAPF, neurophysiologischer Indikator des kognitiven
Erregungs- und Aufmerksamkeitszustandes) bei Personen mit T2DM (n=10,
60–79 Jahre) zu analysieren. Die Personen nahmen an einem
Ausdauer-Belastungstest, einer Elektroenzephalografie und an verschiedenen
Kognitionstests (Mini-Mental-Status-Test, Trail-Making-Test, Determinationstest,
Response-Inhibition-Test) teil. Zusätzlich wurde das Level an glykiertem
Hämoglobin (HbA1c) bestimmt. Es zeigten sich keine einfachen
Zusammenhänge zwischen der maximalen Belastungszeit beim Ausdauertest
mit den Outcomes der Kognitionstests oder der iAPF. Multiple Regressionsanalysen
zeigten keinen signifikanten gemeinsamen Einfluss der Ausdauerleistung, des
Alters und des HbA1c-Wertes auf die Zielvariablen. Die Ausdauerleistung, wie in
diesem Versuchsaufbau ermittelt, scheint nicht als Prädiktor für
die kognitive Leistung bei diesem Patientenkollektiv geeignet zu sein.
Warum läuft Forrest Gump?
Authors: Wydra Georg
Published: May 2022

Es erscheint logisch, dass das Gesundheitsmotiv im Gesundheitssport als eine
notwendige und hinreichende Voraussetzung für ein
gesundheitsorientiertes Verhalten angesehen wird. An der Gesundheitsorientierung
des Sports hat die Sportpädagogik bereits in den 1980er-Jahren Kritik
geübt, weil hierbei das Sporttypische auf der Strecke bliebe und der
Sport bis zur Unkenntlichkeit verändert werde. Das Wesen des Sports
liegt in seiner Zweckmäßigkeit ohne Zweck bzw. dass er
autotelisch ist. Der Sport braucht keine besondere Begründung. Die
Beweggründe liegen in ihm selbst.

Auch aus psychologischer Sicht ist im Rahmen von Gesundheitsprogrammen eine
intrinsische Motivation anzustreben. In verschiedenen psychologischen
Modellvorstellungen zur Motivation werden Abstufungen zwischen den Extrempolen
extrinsischer und intrinsischer Motivation unterschieden. External:
Gründe für Aktivität kommen von außen (…
die Krankenkasse finanziert Kurs). Introjiziert: Gründe werden
akzeptiert, sind aber noch nicht verinnerlicht (… der Arzt hat es
empfohlen). Identifiziert: Gründe sind verinnerlicht (…
für meine Gesundheit). Integriert: Selbstbestimmtes Verhalten (…
nicht nur für meine Gesundheit). Intrinsisch: Gründe liegen im
Sporttreiben selbst (… es macht Spaß). Angestrebt werden sollte
immer eine intrinsische Motivation bzw., dass das Sporttreiben Sinn macht und
nicht nur zweckorientiert ist.

Das ist genau die Motivation, die auch der Filmheld Forrest Gump angibt, als er
von Journalisten gefragt, warum er unentwegt läuft. Er versucht zu
erklären, dass er damit keinen besonderen Zweck verfolgt. Er
läuft, weil es Sinn macht. Wenn also die intrinsische Motivation das
Ziel von gesundheitsorientierten Sportprogrammen sein soll, müssen auch
die Leitziele des Gesundheitssports kritisch hinterfragt werden.

Anstelle der „Befähigung zum gesundheitsorientierten
Sporttreiben“ bzw. „Entwicklung bewegungsbezogener
Gesundheitskompetenz“ sollten Leitziele formuliert werden, die die
intrinsische Motivation in den Blick nehmen. Die Bewegungskompetenz wurde als
ein entsprechendes Leitziel formuliert: Bei der Bewegungskompetenz handelt sich
um das Insgesamt der Fähigkeiten, Fertigkeiten und Kognitionen sowie
emotionalen, motivationalen und volitionalen Voraussetzungen, um sich
freiwillig, selbstbestimmt, freudvoll und sinnerfüllend zu bewegen.
Prolonged Cholestatic Jaundice Associated with Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase IA Deficiency
Authors: Mirza Nida , Bharadwaj Ravi , Malhotra Smita , Sibal Anupam
Published: May 2022

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) deficiency is a type of fatty acid oxidation disorder in which long chain fatty acids cannot be transported into mitochondria for further processing and storage in our body. Typically, the patients present with lethargy, hypoglycemia, and raised serum transaminase levels before 2 years of age. Cholestatic jaundice as manifestation of this deficiency has been reported rarely; here, we report an adolescent male with CPT1A deficiency who developed prolonged cholestatic jaundice following a febrile illness.
Health Insurance Coverage and Survival Outcomes among Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: A SEER Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Diaz Ashley , Bujnowski Daniel , Chen Haobin , Pendergrast Keaton , Horowitz Peleg , Das Paramita , Roxbury Christopher
Published: May 2022

Objectives Insurance coverage plays a critical role in head and neck cancer care. This retrospective study examines how insurance coverage affects nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survival in the United States using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database.

Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 2,278 patients aged 20 to 64 years according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) codes C11.0–C11.9 and ICD-O histology codes 8070–8078 and 8080–8083 between 2007 and 2016 were included and grouped into privately insured, Medicaid, and uninsured groups. Log-rank test and multivariable Cox's proportional hazard model were performed.

Main Outcome Measures Tumor stage, age, sex, race, marital status, disease stage, year of diagnosis, median household county income, and disease-specific survival outcomes including cause of death were analyzed.

Results Across all tumor stages, privately insured patients had a 59.0% lower mortality risk than uninsured patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.410, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.320, 0.526], p < 0.01). Medicaid patients were also estimated to have 19.0% lower mortality than uninsured patients (HR: 0.810, 95% CI: [0.626, 1.048], p = 0.108). Privately insured patients with regional and distant NPC had significantly better survival outcomes compared with uninsured individuals. Localized tumors did not show any association between survival and type of insurance coverage.

Conclusion Privately insured individuals had significantly better survival outcomes than uninsured or Medicaid patients, a trend that was preserved after accounting for tumor grade, demographic and clinicopathologic factors. These results underscore the difference in survival outcomes when comparing privately insured to Medicaid/uninsured populations and warrant further investigation in efforts for health care reform.
Theoretical description of water from single-molecule to condensed phase: Recent progress on potential energy surfaces and molecular dynamics
Authors: Chen Jun , Zhuang Wei
Published: May 2022

In this work, we review recent progress on the view of potential energy surfaces and molecular dynamics study of water and its related reactions in the last decade or so. Some important gas-phase reactions of water with radicals, chemisorbed dissociative dynamics of water on solid surfaces, and statistical mechanics and vibrational spectrum simulations of water from clusters to the condensed phase have been introduced. The recently developed machine learning techniques, such as the neural networks in a combination of permutational invariant polynomials or fundamental invariants, the atomic neural networks framework, the gaussian approximation potentials with the smooth overlap of atomic position kernel, as well as the many-body expansion framework for the construction of highly accurate potential energy surfaces, have also been discussed. Finally, some suggestions have been provided for further improvement of the potential energy surfaces and dynamics methods of water-related systems.