bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Target Costing and Performance Analysis: Evidence from Indian Automobile Industry
Authors:   Cihan University-Erbil  Erbil, Kurdistan Region - Iraq, NERALLA NARSAIAH
Published: June 2021

The manufacturing companies must keep attention over challenges and for the moment of adopting technology and practices instead of observation of competition amongst competitor companies. To create automobile business successful in India, companies are essential to adopting better cost accounting techniques to minimize costs. Target Costing has been identified as a popular technique to accomplish company’s goals. Target costing consist exclusive approach to decide target price for the product and services. Target Costing ensure that new product price would be competitive in the market with substantial quality of products. This research investigates the application procedure of Target Costing (TC) in Automobile companies in India. This study employed Target Costing as a dependent variable and Profitability; Growth; Net Tangibility Assets (NTA); EPS and Firm Size as independent variables. The study adopted convenience sample of top ten automobile companies listed on BSE of India and panel data has covered from 2014-15 to 2018-19 financial years. The results determine the target costing impact on profitability had reported by Pearson’s correlation result shown a negative relationship. Target costing impact on Return on sales examined by simple regression analysis and revealed that there is positive correlation. Finally, Target costing impact on financial performance examined by multiple regression results revealed that there is positive correlation with Revenue from Operation; Profitability; Return on Sales (ROS) and Growth, while negative correlation revealed by Margin from Operation; ROA; Net Tangibility Assets(NTA); EPS and Firm Size.
The role of foreign direct investments (FDI) in regional development
Authors:   Warsaw University  Warsaw - Poland, Kraciuk Jakub , Kacperska Elżbieta ,   Warsaw University  Warsaw - Poland
Published: June 2021

Foreign direct investments constitute a major factor stimulating economic growth and regional development. In this respect new investments are particularly important, as they promote increased employment and regional development, boost exports and transfer new technologies. In any market economy a considerable role is played by agribusiness and this is where foreign investors tend to put their capital. In Poland approx. 8 % foreign investments are placed in agribusiness. However, the distribution of investments is far from uniform. The highest numbers of investments are recorded in the Mazowieckie, Wielkopolskie and Zachodniopomorskie provinces.
Measuring the performance of educational institute by using standard of total quality (compare study between private and public schools)
Authors:   Knowledge University  Erbil, Kurdistan Region - Iraq, Mahmood Yazen , Younis Saif ,   Knowledge University  Erbil, Kurdistan Region - Iraq, Saeed Tala ,   Knowledge University  Erbil, Kurdistan Region - Iraq
Published: June 2021

This research aims to Identify the Total Quality Management standards and the ability to implementation theses standards in educational institutes of Kurdistan region (KRG) in Public and Private schools by ask a question : what is the reality of implementation the standards of Total Quality Management (TQM) in educational institutes of (KRG). The study take 100 sample (Sava private school and AL-Khouwa public school) and use the excel program for analysis the data and the result showed there are difference in implementation the standards between the Public schools and Private schools. The study recommended the need of sharing and disseminating concepts of implementation the standards of (TQM) between the workers in the educational sector.
Nexus Between Political Stability and Economic Growth– Evidence from Middle East Countries
Authors:   College of Administration and Economics, Mosul University  Mosul - Iraq, Almula-dhanoon Mufeed
Published: June 2021

There is much research that has discussed the relationship between political stability and economic growth, but only a few have attempted to explore the causal relationship between them. This paper aims to examine the causative relations between political instability (measured by the government stability index), and economic growth for fourteen countries in the Middle East for the period 1984-2017. The methodology based on the application of Granger Toda-Yamamoto (T-Y) method for the purpose of analyzing the causal relationship between the two variables. The empirical results show that there is no evident on causal relation between political stability and economic growth.
Functional Aspects of Interlingual Borrowings: Current Challenges
Authors: Slaba Oksana , Padalko Yaroslava , Vasylenko Olena , Parfenova Larysa
Published: June 2021

A particular status of the English language as the language of international communication and connections between the nearly related English and German languages resulted in the emergence of many interlingual borrowings in the Modern English and German language vocabularies. The paper aims to consider the functioning of borrowings (loanwords) in the English and German languages. To reach the aim of the research and to carry out the tasks assigned, the following methods were used: a descriptive method, the method of correlation, componential analysis and, comparative semantic analysis. The paper focuses on linguistic and extralinguistic factors of the German and English interaction. Special attention is paid to clarifying the notion of borrowing in modern linguistic science. The word-formative calques and half-calques (hybrids), which differ from ordinary lexical borrowings by using partially borrowed lexical material, are identified in addition to direct lexical borrowings in the language subsystem under study. The paper demonstrates the significant influence of English borrowings on the structural-semantic qualities of German words, on various semantic changes, as well as on the participation of loanwords in the lexico-semantic variation: synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, and antonymy. The results of the research can also be used in the teaching and learning of both languages, in the course of lexicology or linguistics.
Article of Review on Computational Analysis on Performance of Solar Pond using Polycrystalline Material
Authors: Rehman Sehrish , Arya Dr Rajeev , Vishwakarma Shravan
Published: June 2021

The Solar pond is a pool of salt water stratified into 3 different layers, when radiations from the sun heats up the pond this heat energy gets stored in the lower most layers, thus making it as a heat source. Latent heat thermal energy storage is constantly an attractive method to store thermal energy due to because of its capacity to give high energy storage density and it also has a property to store heat at almost constant temperatures equivalent to the phase transition temperature of phase change materials (PCM). The aim of the thesis is to develop a CFD-based simulation analysis model of solar pond to analyze the double-diffusive nature of temperature and the saline concentration distributions, also to form a stable three-layer system of energy storage using computational fluid dynamics. The main objective of this study was to design solar pond modal with three layers in it and also to explore the effects of addition of material with high conductivity on the characteristics of heat transfer of pure PCM.
Hogyan befolyásolja a kultúra az egészséget és a jóllétet? III. rész: Környezet, kultúra és egészség
Authors: Csizmadia Péter
Published: June 2021

A fizikai környezet bizonyos tényezői, mint a levegő, a víz, a napsugárzás, a talaj közvetlenül befolyásolják az egészséget. A természetről, ezen belül az ember természetben betöltött szerepéről kialakított elképzelések társadalmilag és kulturálisan nagymértékben meghatározottak. Egy folyó egyrészről kellemes környezetet biztosíthat egy beszélgetéshez, vagy testedzéshez, mások imádkozásra vagy elmélkedésre alkalmas szent helyként tekinthetnek rá, lehet technikai fejlesztés színtere, személyes emlékeket idéző hely, csoport vagy egyéni identitás, kulturális örökség megtestesítője, egyeseknek csak alkalmas szemétlerakó, míg másoknak természetes szépség, amit meg kell őrizni az emberi tevékenységtől vagy egyszerűen csak táplálék beszerzésének a színtere. Ez a három részből álló, „Hogyan befolyásolja a kultúra az egészséget és a jóllétet?” című cikksorozat utolsó része. Az I. rész: „Az egészség kulturális beágyazottsága”, a II. rész: „Táplálkozás, kultúra és egészség” ugyanebben a lapszámban olvasható.
Evaluation of Youth Empowerment Strategies in Rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Hlungwani Promise
Published: June 2021

This article evaluates strategies for youth empowerment in rural Zimbabwe. Policies and institutions that are mandated to implement such tasks in Zimbabwe are evaluated. The paper also explores the compatibility of the said policies within a rural context. Through in-depth and key informant interviews with youths, government ministries and non-governmental organisations in Mwenezi (corroborated by secondary data), the paper provides a clearer understanding of youth empowerment policies in rural Zimbabwe. The study notes several shortcomings within the policy framework, such as tokenistic consultation in formulating, designing and implementing policies. Shortage of funds and corruption among public officers often hamper implementation, while poor coordination between actor organisations has negatively impacted youth empowerment outcomes. The paper therefore proposes context-specific policies that meet the real rural challenges as experienced by the youth, and not those imagined by policy makers/enactors. In coming up with such programmes, the paper advocates for youth participation at every stage, while also ensuring that relevant institutions are empowered to enhance the welfare/emancipation of the youth. In contributing to the broader discussion on rural African youth empowerment, this paper advocates for the mainstreaming of youth policies that are suitable for rural contexts as a way of enhancing their socio-economic emancipation.
Beyond the Fingerstick: Complications of Diabetes in the Acutely Ill Patient with Covid-19 with Lessons from Translation Biology and Therapeutics
Authors:   Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Texas, M Nashawi , M Ahmed ,   Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Texas, Y Jarrar ,   Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Texas, M Abualfoul ,   Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Texas, O Issa ,   Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Texas, RJ Chilton ,   Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Texas
Published: June 2021

The affliction that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed on the infrastructure of healthcare institutions across the globe permeates to the level of the provider, hampering clinical decision-making capacity and capability. Associated with the latter has been unprecedented, sweeping changes in biomedical equipment manufacturing, triage dynamics, and implementation of medical interventions in a landscape replete with clinical literature attempting to characterize features in COVID-19 patients. Preliminary assessments into the elements of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (the strain of coronavirus responsible for COVID-19) in addition to the delineation of patient flux pertaining to COVID-19 has identified diabetes as a prevalent comorbidity with increased mortality and increased disease burden in the acutely ill. The volume of patients with COVID-19 superimposed upon complicated diabetes exemplifies that insight into this association offers an expanded perspective of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, given the extensive organ compromise seen in COVID-19 in addition to the established notion that diabetes is a systemic syndrome of metabolism, an appraisal of the literature of medical management and precursory findings serve as bearings that help render clinical principles into viable treatments. In this review we investigate the array of contemporary literature surrounding COVID-19 with a perspective centered upon the management of acute diabetes complications, namely diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, with emphases into translational biology and pharmacotherapeutics.
The Fluctuation of Serum PTH Level of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus’ Patient on Oral Dapagliflozin
Authors:   Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, China, G Jiang , Jiang Wenzhou ,   Department of Neurology, Longkou people’s Hospital, China, Zhou Jin ,   Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, China
Published: June 2021

Background: Sodium-Glucose co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a set of relatively new medicines treating type 2 diabetes showed a great number of merits in control of glycemia and cardiovascular risk factor management, but also attracted attention on bone fracture. One of those major effects on skeleton might be Parathyroid Hormone (PTH). Case Presentation: We present the case of a 68-year-old female patient with type 2 diabetes on insulin injection and oral acarbose therapy who was admitted with constant hyperglycemia to our hospital. In the beginning, she showed a high level of serum PTH. In the process of oral dapagliflozin treatment, PTH concentration firstly increased and then decreased to the normal range. Diagnostic tests are completed to exclude hyperparathyroidism. Conclusions: The use of SGLT2 inhibitors among diabetes and nondiabetic populations is increasing, a great deal of undiscovered influence, such as hormone and ion fluctuation needs further investigation.
Raising the Bar When Assessing Cardiovascular Disease Outcome When Studies with Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus are Constructed: Revisiting ASCEND
Authors:   Department of Medicine-Cardiology, UT Health San Antonio, Texas, M Nashawi , MS Ahmed ,   Department of Medicine-Cardiology, UT Health San Antonio, Texas, Y Jarrar ,   Department of Medicine-Cardiology, UT Health San Antonio, Texas, R Chilton ,   Department of Medicine-Cardiology, UT Health San Antonio, Texas, M Abualfoul ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Texas, O Issa ,   Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Texas
Published: June 2021

The emergence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) as a clinical syndrome deviating from rudimentary models including “glucose-insulin” disparities to a clinical syndrome impinged upon hyperactivation of inflammatory-mediated signaling pathways, maladaptive pathophysiological changes, and pleiotropic sequelae has not only changed the nature of discussions regarding diabetes in academic circles, but also the treatment of T2DM clinically. The new challenges faced in preventing the advancement of T2DM coupled with the management of associated chronic disease states have impelled avenues for innovative treatments for T2DM sequelae while also ensuring glycemic control. For example, Sodium-Glucose Transport 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1RA), in addition to passing mandated Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Cardiovascular Outcome Trials (CVOT), have displayed positive outcomes with respect to cardiorenal considerations in patients with T2DM. Such performances have recently elevated these pleiotropic medications to higher tiers of recommendations by medical societies such as the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology. Moreover, the tandem of the notion that pleiotropic pharmacotherapeutic options with an expanded understanding of T2DM on the epigenetic, molecular, and cellular domains have galvanized researchers to explore pharmacologic mechanisms in the context of our ever-changing model in T2DM. In this communication, we would like to use lessons from the “Effects of aspirin for primary prevention in persons with diabetes mellitus” (ASCEND) trial to implore aspiring researchers and practitioners to explore, or at least consider external factors of the T2DM patient populous when reporting findings of cardiovascular clinical endpoints for proper context.
Pheochromocytoma and Takotsubo’s Cardiomyopathy Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Support: A Report of Two Cases and Review of Takotsubo’s Cardiomyopathy Subtypes
Authors:   Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Canada, T Kanagalingam , S Sarma ,   Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada, A Azab ,   Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada, K Gomez-Hernandez ,   Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
Published: June 2021

Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine catecholamine secreting tumours that may vary widely in their clinical presentation. Previous case series describe 12% of PPGL patients initially presenting with cardiac complications. Pheochromocytoma-related Takotsubo’s cardiomyopathy has been well described in the literature and may present with primarily basal dyskinesis (inverted subtype), apical dyskinesis (classic subtype), or global dyskinesis. Basal dyskineses has been more commonly described in pheochromocytoma-related Takotsubo’s cardiomyopathy. We present two cases of severe cardiogenic shock requiring Extra-Corporeal Membrane Support (ECMO) with Takotsubo’s cardiomyopathy secondary to pheochromocytoma at University Health Network, Toronto. In both cases, the pheochromocytoma was incidentally discovered on imaging. Both patients responded favourably to ECMO and alpha-adrenergic blockade with recovery of ejection fraction. Both received adrenalectomy as an outpatient with successful recovery. Although rare, PPGL should be considered in younger patients presenting with severe unexplained cardiogenic shock and Takotsubo’s cardiomyopathy.
Screening of Suspected Liquids to Alcoholic Drinks by a Qualitative Chemical Kit
Authors:   Legal Medicine Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran, SA Hossein Mahdavi , M Akhgari ,   Legal Medicine Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran, H Hassanian-Moghaddam ,   Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, SS Hashemi Nazari ,   Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, F Shahbazi ,   Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, H Nazari Kangavari ,   Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Ar Akhavan Tavakoli ,   Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Rasht, Iran, M Rafizadeh ,   pharmacy faculty, Mazandran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran, A Rafizadeh ,   Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
Published: June 2021

Alcohol consumption is prohibited in Iran and it has caused many problems in various fields. This research is done to evaluate a new qualitative screening kit (for rapid detection of alcoholic beverages from nonalcoholic liquids) and to avoid more wasting time and money. For this purpose, the ethanol content of 839 suspected liquids prepared from the alcohol lab of legal medicine (Guilan province, Iran) was measured by a gas chromatography apparatus. At the same time, a newly designed kit based on the sulfochromic acid method was also used to separate negative samples (with ethanol equal or less than 3% volume/volume) from the others. Out of 839 samples, the ethanol content of 163 (19.43%) cases was appraised negatively. While most of the samples (676 cases or 80.57%) had ethanol more than 3% (positive results) with a mean of 21.68mg/L. Three samples (0.36%) had high levels of methanol which were interpreted as false positive due to the nonspecificity of the used method. Our results suggest the used kit has suitable efficiency for screening ethanol content of suspected liquids because the negative results of the kit have definite diagnostic value. However, a confirmative test (like gas chromatography) is needed for validation of the positive results.
Association of socioeconomic disparity of the pregnant women with adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Vineela Nekkanti  , Githa Kishore
Published: June 2021

Socioeconomic status of the pregnant women is a key determinant of the pregnancy outcomes. The government of India has started several health schemes to provide appropriate antenatal care for the pregnant women. The present study aimed to assess the association of socioeconomic status of pregnant women with adverse pregnancy outcomes after the implementation of these schemes. The present study used Kuppuswamy scale to determine the socio-economic status of the study subjects and pregnant women of both upper and lower SES class without major pregnancy complications were recruited into the study. These subjects were followed up until delivery, and their adverse pregnancy outcomes such as lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) delivery, preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission were reported. In the present study, the rate of LSCS, preterm birth, LBW and NICU admission was high among the lower SES group as compared to the upper SES group women. However, NICU admission had a statistically significant association with SES of pregnant women at p=0.038. The difference in the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among the upper and lower SES pregnant women is minimal, which could be attributed to the enrolment of lower SES pregnant women to the government health schemes. Hence, to overcome the economic disparities among the pregnant women, the implementation of government health schemes should be strengthened by promoting the role of the accredited social health activist (ASHA) worker.
Hierarchical dinucleotide distribution in genome along evolution and its effect on chromatin packing
Authors: Cai Zhicheng , He Yueying , Liu Sirui , Xue Yue , Quan Hui , Zhang Ling , Gao Yi Qin
Published: June 2021

Dinucleotide densities and their distribution patterns vary significantly among species. Previous studies revealed that CpG is susceptible to methylation, enriched at topologically associating domain boundaries and its distribution along the genome correlates with chromatin compartmentalization. However, the multi-scale organizations of CpG in the linear genome, their role in chromatin organization, and how they change along the evolution are only partially understood. By comparing the CpG distribution at different genomic length scales, we quantify the difference between the CpG distributions of different species and evaluate how the hierarchical uneven CpG distribution appears in evolution. The clustering of species based on the CpG distribution is consistent with the phylogenetic tree. Interestingly, we found the CpG distribution and chromatin structure to be correlated in many different length scales, especially for mammals and avians, consistent with the mosaic CpG distribution in the genomes of these species.
Asymmetrical deposition and modification of histone H3 variants are essential for zygote development
Authors: Kawamura Machika , Funaya Satoshi , Sugie Kenta , Suzuki Masataka G , Aoki Fugaku
Published: June 2021

The pericentromeric heterochromatin of one-cell embryos forms a unique, ring-like structure around the nucleolar precursor body, which is absent in somatic cells. Here, we found that the histone H3 variants H3.1 and/or H3.2 (H3.1/H3.2) were localized asymmetrically between the male and female perinucleolar regions of the one-cell embryos; moreover, asymmetrical histone localization influenced DNA replication timing. The nuclear deposition of H3.1/3.2 in one-cell embryos was low relative to other preimplantation stages because of reduced H3.1/3.2 mRNA expression and incorporation efficiency. The forced incorporation of H3.1/3.2 into the pronuclei of one-cell embryos triggered a delay in DNA replication, leading to developmental failure. Methylation of lysine residue 27 (H3K27me3) of the deposited H3.1/3.2 in the paternal perinucleolar region caused this delay in DNA replication. These results suggest that reduced H3.1/3.2 in the paternal perinucleolar region is essential for controlled DNA replication and preimplantation development. The nuclear deposition of H3.1/3.2 is presumably maintained at a low level to avoid the detrimental effect of K27me3 methylation on DNA replication in the paternal perinucleolar region.
Hora da roda
Authors: Gonçalves Nery Patricia
Published: June 2021

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com um grupo de crianças entre 7 e 9 anos, na cidade de Belo Horizonte, MG, cujo objetivo foi compreender, a partir dos seus pontos de vista, como foram as experiências cotidianas no contexto pandêmico provocado pela COVID-19. A investigação contou com estratégias metodológicas que envolveram a criação de espaços de narrativas, nos quais as rodas de conversa e as produções multimodais ganharam destaque, permitindo compreender como as crianças lidaram com o tempo das incertezas, dos medos, como se sentiram e compreenderam a complexidade da realidade vivida, como se relacionaram com as escolas e reorganizaram seus mundos.
IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Lambovska Maya , Sardinha Boguslava , Belas, Jr. Jaroslav
Published: June 2021

Youth unemployment is a problem in each member country of the European Union (EU). The EU seeks to alleviate this problem by implementing various programs to support young people in finding and keeping a job, thus contributing to economic growth. In 2020, the world was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. The countries have introduced many strict measures to prevent its spread, but they have caused a significant increase in unemployment, including among young people, and thus harmed economic growth. In this paper, we analyze the unemployment of people under the age of twenty-five in the EU. We also point out how unemployment rates have increased in individual countries. This problem concerns not only countries where the youth unemployment rate had been high already, such as Greece, Spain, and Italy, but also countries with previously lower rates, for example, the Czech Republic, Netherland, Poland, and Slovenia. In the latter group of countries, the youth unemployment rate has doubled in some cases due to anti-pandemic measures. We found that the most affected countries in this regard are the aforementioned Czech Republic, where the unemployment rate at the end of 2020 rose to 2.19 times above the level at the end of 2019, and Estonia, where year-over-year youth unemployment rose by a factor of 2.5. However, unfavorable developments occurred also in Lithuania, Latvia, and Ireland. According to our results, in 2020, youth unemployment increased the least in Hungary, Italy, and Belgium. In general, however, as the situation is now much more urgent, measures to alleviate this problem need to be put in place in each country to help young people find employment and, thus, stimulate economic growth.
Policy for enhancing Pasifika learner achievement in New Zealand: Supports and challenges
Authors: Averill Robin , Rimoni Fuapepe
Published: June 2021

No description supplied
Social learning and networks in Nestor parrots
Authors:   , Donoghue Daniel
Published: June 2021

Social learning and network analyses are theorised to be of great utility in the context of behavioural conservation. For example, harnessing a species’ capacity for social learning may allow researchers to seed useful information into populations, while network analyses could provide a useful tool to monitor community stability, and predict pathways of pathogen transfer. Thus, an understanding of how individuals learn and the nature of the social networks within a population could enable the development of new behavioural based conservation interventions for species facing rapid environmental change, such as human-induced habitat modification. Parrots, the most threatened avian order worldwide, are notably underrepresented in the social learning and social network literature. This thesis addresses this knowledge gap by exploring social learning and networks using two endangered species of parrot; kākā (Nestor meridionalis) and kea (Nestor notabilis). The first study explores social learning of tool use in captive kea, using a trained kea demonstrator. The results from this experiment indicate that both social learning and play behaviour facilitated the uptake of tool use, and suggests that kea are highly sensitive to social information even when presented with complex tasks. The second study assesses whether wild kākā can socially learn novel string-pulling and food aversion behaviours from video playbacks of conspecific demonstrators. Although there was no evidence to indicate that kākā learn socially, these individuals also show no notable reaction to video playback of a familiar predator. Therefore, these results are likely due to difficulties in interpreting information on the screens, and not necessarily a reflection of their ability to perceive social information. In the final study, social network analysis (SNA) was performed to map social connectivity within wellington’s urban kākā population. SNA indicates that kākā form non-random social bonds, selectively associating with some individuals more than others, and also show high levels of dissimilarity in community composition at different feeding sites. Taken together, these results provide rare empirical evidence of social learning in a parrot species and suggest that even complicated seeded behaviours can quickly spread to other individuals. These findings may also be indicative of the difficulties in conducting video playback experiments in wild conditions, which is an area in need of future research. Overall, these findings contribute to the very limited body of research on social learning and networks in parrots, and provide information of potential value in the management of these species.
"A Lot of Different Streams": Questioning "Jazz" and Composing Beyond Genre
Authors:   , Lovell-Smith Jasmine
Published: June 2021

Many composers currently prominent in the jazz world draw upon multiple musical traditions or genres to create their work. The varied compositional activities of composers Nicole Mitchell, Tyshawn Sorey and Wayne Horvitz problematize attempts to classify their work as belonging to a single genre. Drawing on my interviews with these three composers and my analysis of selected works, I seek to understand how they conceptualize their compositional work and its relationship to the various musical traditions that have influenced them. Using Fabian Holt’s genre framework and George E. Lewis’s concept of the Afrological as critical tools, I propose that the work of these composers prioritizes spontaneity and agency, foregrounding process and transformation instead of a more fixed work concept, and claiming a mobility of practice that connects them strongly to the legacy of the AACM. I also use these concepts as ways to reflect on my own creative work developed throughout the DMA, and my relationship to the genre label of jazz.

The creative portfolio developed as part of this research incorporates influences from multiple streams of music-making, particularly the traditions of jazz, creative music and Western classical music. The submitted works include Cerulean Haze, for jazz octet and 5-piece chamber ensemble (13:00); Sanctuary, a suite in three movements for 11-piece ensemble (18:49); “Noche Oscura” for 10-piece ensemble (6:48); “Moorings (Titahi Bay)” for chordless jazz quartet (6:00); “Jimmy,” “Nuevo Azul,” “Neither Here nor There” and “Metamorphosis” for improvising quartet. These works explore extended jazz and modal harmonic language; strategies for extending songform-derived compositional forms into larger, through-composed works; and varying degrees of notational specificity. The inclusion of improvisation is prioritized in each work.
Mindful manifestation
Authors: Nguyen D , Moleta Tane , Schnabel Marc Aurel
Published: June 2021

This paper describes the method of establishing a tool, interconnecting a selection of hardware and computational software to design architecture, through the manipulation of forms using brain activities inside a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. This is achieved through the use of electroencephalography (EEG), detecting brain activities and live streaming numerical data inside VR environment. Architectural forms are manipulated and interacted live by this data stream. The paper discusses the methods, findings, technical limitations as well as potential modifications which would otherwise improve the system’s performance for the intended purposes.
Message from the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Education and Science, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2021
Authors: Melnyk Yu. B.
Published: June 2021

Dear readers and authors, It is a great honor for us to publish the International Journal of Education and Science (IJES) for the fourth year in a row. There were some organizational and technical changes at the beginning of 2021, of which we would like to inform the readers and authors of the IJES. Changes in the IJES co-founders composition. The co-founders composition changed in March 2021: Information Agency PROK, Latvian Republic – Ukraine and Melnyk Yuriy Borysovych, Ukraine were replaced by a new co-founder Kud Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, Ukraine. Re-registration is taking place in the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. Expansion and specification of scientific directions of the IJES. Today’s realities required combination and specification of scientific directions in the field of social and behavioral sciences the IJES is dedicated to. Such scientific directions as Social and Behavioral Sciences: Education, Economics, and Law were specified to ensure further more in-depth professional specialization of the IJES. Thus, the IJES remains a scientific periodical peer-reviewed indexed journal providing a scientific platform for presenting and discussing new trends and problems in the social and behavioral sciences. For the previous three years, the IJES was published only in two languages (English and Ukrainian). In 2021, the Editorial Council decided to publish the IJES in three languages, namely in English, Ukrainian and Russian. Changes in the format of scientific papers in the IJES. Due to the change in the number of languages in which the IJES will be published, as well as new trends, including regarding the references format (APA Style (APA 7th)), the requirements for paper format have been changed. You can read about the changes both in the online version on the IJES website and in the printed version at the end of the last issue.
Speech etiquette as the main component of the over-professional skills of a higher education institutions’ lecturer
Authors: Bielikova Olena Vitaliivna , Dytiuk Svitlana Oleksiivna , Krech Tetiana Vasylivna , Adamia Zoia
Published: June 2021

Background: The relevance of the study lies in the need of studying lecturer’s language etiquette, his role in the formation of a professionally oriented personality in terms of improving the system of higher education, in the process of implementing new requirements and standards of education. Purpose: To identify the components of lecturer’s language etiquette, which are important for students of higher education, as well as to identify ways of their formation and development. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was developed using Google Forms to implement the study. The questionnaire was distributed by e-mail among 70 students from Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture (Kharkiv, Ukraine) and 40 students from Sukhum State University (Tbilisi, Georgia). Results: The survey allowed to find that the main principles of language etiquette of the lecturer are: politeness, tact, kindness, tolerance, friendliness, ability to listen, others. Among the violations of the rules of language etiquette of the lecturer, which are most common, students noted the following: talking in “high tones”, excessive categorical statements, hostility, tactlessness, rudeness, bias, arrogance, others. Conclusions: The most popular in the process of pedagogical communication are the lecturer’s competencies, such as listening skills, managing their emotions and states, interaction with students based on understanding their values and needs, tact, politeness, tolerance, friendliness. Especially important are the skills of building effective speech, establishing and maintaining a communicative balance in the audience, creating an atmosphere of trust, psychological comfort, open and equal cooperation. These skills and abilities become especially relevant in the era of digitalization and the transition to blended learning.
Inner sound or forum theater to resolve communicational problems
Authors: Usakli Hakan
Published: June 2021

Background: Internship is the most important process that prepares a person for his profession. However, this process can also bring some problems in the context of human relations. Inner sound and forum are techniques that have been using in psycho-educational group works. Purpose: To manifest what man want to accomplish and how he perceives the recognition of the problematic situations. The general purpose of the study is whether the students of the Faculty of Education who attend the internship solve the difficult situations they encounter within themselves or try to resolve it through a group discussion. Materials and Methods: This study is conducted in Sinop University Education Faculty’ Elementary School education students. In this study, all data analysis is conducted using interviewing – a qualitative information gathering technique. A study group consisting of 50 university students from different age groups was formed. Two general divisions of personal and group is gathered into categories of obedience to authority and obeying the rules. The qualitative interview conducted. Results: The two general distinctions, personal and group, are divided into two categories: obedience to authority and obedience to rules. Among the qualitative data collection techniques performed, the interview can be grouped as “I cannot do it”, “they do not allow it”, “my friend did not want it”, “I was scared”. Conclusions: Playing to complain and to find solutions instead of muttering is done through interactive forum theater method. For this, it should be suggested that students who attend internship at faculties create a forum to share their experiences, conflicts and problems that they could not find solutions to.
Kompetentnist u pidhotovtsi maibutnikh ofitseriv z moralno-psykholohichnoho zabezpechennia na viiskovii kafedri universytetu [Competence in training future officers for moral and psychological support at the military department of the university]
Authors: Babak S. A. , Stadnik A. V. , Neminskyi I. V.
Published: June 2021

Background: Training of future officers of moral-psychological support at the military department of the university involves the formation of knowledge, skills, professional and personal psychological qualities acquired in the process of professional training, providing the ability to constantly exert psychological influence on the subordinate unit by performing functional duties. Purpose: To determine the psychological conditions for the formation of future officers’ professional competencies on moral-psychological support during training at the military department of the university, based on analysis and conclusions to create a structural scheme of their formation. Materials and Methods: Research methodology is based on theoretical and practical experience, analysis of special psychological literature study and generalization of professional experience in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. Results: The developed matrix of the officer for moral-psychological support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is formed from general, special and main (psychological study, psychological training, psychological support, recovery (rehabilitation) knowledge, skills and abilities. The proposed structural scheme for the formation of future officers’ professional competence on moral-psychological support in the process of acquiring capabilities at the military department of the university consists of the following blocks: the necessary professional competencies; main, general and special competencies; general and professional requirements for the training of officers for moral and psychological support; educational and methodical support; diagnosing competencies in the learning process. Conclusions: Determined psychological conditions for the formation of the officer’ professional competencies on moral-psychological support is an effective tool for organizing a system of training a competent professional. The proposed block diagram is open, constantly evolving, and, if necessary, can be supplemented with new components in the future.
Environmental education as a factor of sustainable development in the 21st century
Authors: Ahire K.D.
Published: June 2021

Today we are living in the 21st century, we human are enjoying luxurious life by utilizing available natural resources. We have changed our lifestyle by consuming more and more natural resources, due to this over exploitation of the natural resources is taking place. We know that we will not have any alternative for our Earth even we are searching for new planet, we are finding the alternative for our Earth. The characteristics of various natural phenomena are being changing due to excess interference of human in natural environment. This century called it as technical era, we have developed various technologies which are playing a vital role in our development, even we have concentrated on industrial development, economic development, agricultural revolution, international trading etc. Through this activities, we have improved our economy, our lifestyle, and even we have minimized our pain. As a human being these developmental activities are seeming to blessing for us, without raising any doubt we all should accept that our all these development activities are very much essential for the better human development. But, if we look towards another side of our developmental activities which are creating tremendous pressure on ecology, ecosystem and entire environment. Now days we are facing various environmental challenges like climate change, global warming, ozone depletion, waste management, destruction of biodiversity, environmental pollution, land desertification etc. these challenges are not restricted towards any particular country or any particular region, we have understood that developed countries, developing countries and least developed countries all are going through these challenges, therefore we need to take serious action against this environmental issues for the better future of our next generations.
What should be considered in terms of anesthesia in a patient with preoperative delirium: a case report
Authors: Girgin B. , Salman N. , Şekerci S.
Published: June 2021

What should be considered in terms of anesthesia in a patient with preoperative delirium: a case report
Blood serum amino acid pool violation of in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Balazh O. P.
Published: June 2021

Objective. To investigate serum amino acid pool changes in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Materials and methods. 95 patients with liver cirrhosis were participated in the study. In the 1st group (class A disease severity according to Child- Pugh score) there were 18 (18.95%) patients, in the 2nd group (class B) - 25 (26.3%), in the 3rd groups (class C) - 52 (54.7%) patients. The amount of free amino acids in blood serum was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in isocratic elution mode with electrochemical detection.

Results. Violations of free amino acid reserves were revealed in patients with cirrhosis of the liver with a predominant accumulation of aromatic amino acids: phenylalanine - (162.45 ± 14.12) nmol/ml, tyrosine - (99.05 ± 10.07) nmol/ml, tryptophan - (76.10 ± 12.40) nmol/ml, as well as an increase in the content of proline, lysine, cysteine (p <0.05) . In parallel, the decreasing of free serum amino acids with branched side chain levels were observed: valine - up (150.10 ± 8.92) nmol/ml leucine - up (75.14 ± 5.12) nmol/ml (p < 0.05) and isoleucine - up to (80.40 ± 8.01) nmol/ml.

Conclusions. The correlation between the second degree of thick guts dysbiosis and increased levels of tryptophan was determined (r = 0.77; p <0.01). III degree thick dysbiosis was correlated with increasing levels of phenylalanine (r = 0.71; p <0.01). In patients of 2nd group the correlations between levels of tryptophan and II degree of intestinal dysbiosis (r = 0.58; p <0.01) and the levels of tyrosine in phenylalanine in III stage intestinal dysbiosis were detected.
Risk stratification in patients with coronary heart disease before cardiac surgery
Authors: Gogayeva O. K. , Rudenko A. V. , Lazoryshynets V. V.
Published: June 2021

Objective. To analyse the risk stratification effectiveness for calculators EuroSCORE I, EuroSCORE II, STS in patients with ischemic disease before cardiac surgery.

Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of data was conducted from randomized 194 patients with coronary artery disease who were discharged from the Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery after coronary artery bypass surgery in the period 2009 - 2019. An average age of patients was (64.2 ± 8.9). In all patients clinical and laboratory studies, echocardiography, electrocardiography, coronary angiography as well as surgical revascularization were conducted. Preoperative risk stratification was performed using three available calculators Euro SCORE I, EuroSCORE II and STS.

Results. There was no mortality in the study group of patients, while the predicted surgical mortality on the EuroSCORE I scale was 25.02%, EuroSCORE II - 7.78%, STS - 2.84%. According to the results of twenty years period of the Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery in the surgical treatment of coronary heart disease in more than 15,000 patients, mortality from coronary heart disease was less than 0.6%, which is much less than the predicted mortality rates.

Conclusions. Prior to surgery, risk stratification of patients should be performed on appropriate scales to understand their baseline status. The EuroSCORE II scale is optimal for use in modern cardiac surgery. Surgery in patients with a high estimated risk (EuroSCORE II> 5%) should be performed by an experienced cardiac surgeon with more than 10 years of cardiac surgery experience.