bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Вклад туркестанского генерал-губернатора М.Г. Черняева в подготовку сенаторской ревизии центральноазиатских окраин Российской империи (начало 80-х гг. XIX в.)
Authors: Анисимова Инна Владимировна , Омурова Жамыйкат Орозбековна
Published: January 2020

Рассматривается вклад туркестанского генерал-губернатора М.Г. Черняева в разработку программы проведения ревизии центральноазиатских окраин Российской империи. Обоснованием для ревизии стала необходимость пересмотра нормативно-правовой основы управления Туркестанским краем и Степными областями, инициированная императором Александром III. Местные власти в лице генерал-губернатора Туркестанского края М.Г. Черняева поддерживали идею проведения всесторонней проверки системы управления регионом. Особое внимание, по мнению туркестанской администрации, необходимо было уделить положению судебной власти. Очевидные недостатки судоустройства Туркестана и Степного края ставили вопрос о реформе судебноправовой системы, для подготовки и проведения которой требовался детальный анализ ее современного положения. М.Г. Черняев принял активное участие в составлении программы ревизии институтов юстиции и настаивал на обязательном участии в работе ревизионной комиссии представителей Министерства юстиции. Разработанный план проверки был реализован сенаторской ревизией Ф.К. Гирса в 1882 г., результаты которой легли в основу нового Положения об управлении Туркестанским краем.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Per-abdominal and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Islam Shahariar
Published: January 2020

Cholelithiasis is one of the major problems which need cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a newer technique. But there is a need to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of per-abdominal and laparoscopic method from patients perspective. The study was performed to assess the cost-effectiveness of per-abdominal and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study in two sample situations was conducted among 90 purposively selected cholecystectomy patients of which 60 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and 30 patients underwent per-abdominal cholecystectomy (PAC) from three tertiary level government hospitals of Dhaka, Bangladesh at the time of their discharge through face to face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist. The study found average age 45.33(13.63) and 41.75(13.39) years in PAC and LC respectively. Average monthly income was less in the PAC group Tk.23200.00(12374.61) than LC Tk.24925.00(12166.86). Average duration of suffering from cholelithiasis was 9.50(8.68) months in PAC group and 12.43(17.49) months in LC group. Average hospital stay was 13.97(6.88) days in PAC group while it was 12.02(6.66) days in LC group. Average treatment cost was little higher Tk.21927.407795.89 in LC group than Tk.21466.306261.42 in the PAC group. Both direct cost and indirect cost were also higher in LC group (Tk.18668.305965.67 and Tk.3661.324229.85) than in PAC group (Tk.18228.004624.75 and Tk.3350.004124.58). But these differences were not statistically significant. In both groups treatment cost significantly increased with duration of hospitalization (correlation, p<0.01). Cure rate was significantly high in LC group (94.4%) than in PAC group (86.7%) (χ2, p<0.05). This study revealed LC method is cost-effective than PAC method. Total treatment cost in LC can be reduced by minimizing hospital cost, laboratory cost and securing the income of the patients which enhance the economic load.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI POLITIK DPC PDI PERJUANGAN SURABAYA PADA PEMILU LEGISLATIF 2019
Authors: Hakim Abdul , Panuju Redi
Published: January 2020

Dewan Pengurus Cabang (DPC) Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDIP) Surabaya  is a local political partywhich succeeded in preserving its victory in the 2019 Legislative Election with the acquisition of 15 seats. This study aims to determine the political communication strategies used by the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP) during the 2019 elections. This study uses a qualitative approach with employing in-depth interview and observationmethods. The data obtained were analyzed through an interactive analysis model including data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. This research founds the PDI Perjuangan political communication model is more based on the transactional model. This communication model illustrates the ongoing communication process between the sender of the message (party and candidates) and the recipient of the message (community). Of course, during the campaign there were obstacles or disturbances, one of which was  money politics. As a consequence, the community should elects their candidates and parties during the 2019 Elections.DPC Partai Demokrasi Indonesia (PDI) Perjuangan Kota Surabaya merupakan politik lokal yang berhasil mempertahankan kemenangan di Pemilu Legislatif 2019 dengan perolehan 15 kursi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stategi komunikasi politik yang dipakai PDI Perjuangan selama Pemilu 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode observasi  dan wawancara mendalam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan model analisis interaktif meliputi reduksi data, sajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Temuan penelitian ini adalah model komunikasi politik PDI Perjuangan lebih pada model transaksional. Model komunikasi ini menggambarkan proses komunikasi yang berlangsung secara berkesinambungan antara pengirim pesan (partai dan caleg) serta penerima pesan (masyarakat). Kendala uatam selama kampanye yaitu politik uang, sebagai umpan balik (feedback), masyarakat memilih caleg dan partai tersebut saat Pemilu 2019.
FAKTOR PENYEBAB KONFLIK TANAH ULAYAT ANTARA PELADANG PENDATANG VS MASYARAKAT ADAT DI DESA TAMIAI KABUPATEN KERINCI
Authors: Anas Syamsuddin , Dewi Susi Fitria , Indrawadi Junaidi
Published: January 2020

The level of conflict between local inhabitants and settlers in the village of Tamiai, Kerinci regency is quite high. The causes of the conflicts are also varied, ranging from local elections, village sentiments, claims for the ownership of ulayat lands. The last conflict, ulayat lands, has been occurring for more than two years, which reached its critical period in March 2018 when 72 motorcycles were burned and several people injured and hospitalized. The conflict was triggered by unsatisfactory decision made by two parties, locals and sttlers, in overcoming the problem of ownership claim upon ulayat lands which has been used for years by settlers. In this case the costumary institution was unable to provide a win-win solution for both parties. Throughout this paper, we will show how the local government should take more initiative for conducting dialogue among both parties. A crucial role of the local government in replacing the position of costumary institution in overcoming the conflict should be a good lesson learned for other similar cases. Tingkat konflik antar warga, khususnya antara pendatang dan warga lokaldi Kabupaten Kerinci bisa dikatakan cukup tinggi. Penyebab terjadinya konflik tersebut juga bermacam-macam, seperti: konflik pemilu, konflik perkelahian antar desa serta konflik perebutan tanah ulayat. Konflik tanah ulayat sendiri sudah berlangsung selama kurang lebih 2 tahun, dengan puncak konflik berupa perebutan tanah ulayat yang teerjadi pada bulan Maret 2018, yaitu terjadinya bentrokan luar biasa antar kedua belah pihak mengakibatkan terjadinya pembakaran kendaraan roda dua sebanyak 72 unit dan korban luka yang terkena senjata tajam maupun lemparan batu. Penyebab terjadinya konflik karena ketidakpuasan kedua belah pihak terhadap penyelesaian masalah yang terjadi. Konflik terjadi karena ketidakmampuan pihak lembaga adat serta adanya ego dari masing-masing kelompok yang tinggi dalam menyelesaian permasalahan yang terjadi. Sampai saat ini berbagai cara sudah dilakukan, namun tidak ada jalan keluar atau solusi yang menguntungkan kedua belah pihak. Dalam hal ini, penyelesaian melalui mediasi Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Kerinci perlu untuk dilakukan dengan tujuan agar konflik ini benar-benar selesai tanpa ada kerugian bagi pihak yang berkonflik.
Simulasi Sebaran Penyakit Blas Pada Tanaman Padi Menggunakan Model Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Karawang dan Purwakarta
Authors: Ashar Busyairi Latiful , Nurmansyah Ali , Widodo Widodo
Published: January 2020

Dispersal Simulation of Rice Blast Disease Using Spatial Multi Criteria Evalution Model: Case Study In District of Karawang and PurwakartaRice blast is caused by Pyricularia oryzae. The potential epidemic of this disease can be spatially simulated using the MCA (Multi Criteria Analysis) method based on geographical characteristics, cultivation practices, and eviromental condition. A software that can be used for MCA is SMCE (Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation). This study was aimed to predict the spatial dispersal of blast disease using SMCE model, and identify the factors that supports the epidemic. The study was conducted in February - August 2018 in Karawang and Purwakarta District. The research methods include observing the severity of blast disease, cultivation practices and environmental conditions, and analyzing SMCE. The SMCE analysis uses rice crop maps from the Sistem Monitoring Pertanaman Padi (Simotandi), which consists of grouping factors, standardizing factors, and weighting factors. The SMCE results are a simulation map of blast disease dispersal which is then compiled with predictions of its severity. Accuracy of prediction results was evaluated by MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) based on observational data on actual disease severity. The prediction results for Karawang and Purwakarta showed means of accuration 78.16% and 73.95% respectively. In general, factors that have a strong influence on the development of blast disease include altitude, distance from source of the epidemic, history of disease in the fields, number of spores (inoculum) trapped, irrigation quality, application of herbicides, soil nutrient (N, P, K) contents and the level of soil acidity.
Morfologi dan Morfometri Nematoda Sista Kentang (Globodera spp.) Asal Dataran Tinggi Dieng, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Selamet Auliya , Supramana Supramana , Sinaga Meity Suradji , Nurmansyah Ali , Mutaqin Kikin Hamzah
Published: January 2020

The Morphology and Morphometry of Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) from Dataran Tinggi Dieng, Central JavaIn Indonesia, the potato cyst nematode (PCN) was first reported in 2003, at potato plantation in Batu, East Java. Golden cyst (Globodera rostochiensis) was detected in Bandung, West Java; Banjarnegara, Central Java; Batu, East Java; and Gowa, South Sulawesi, whereas the pale cyst (G. pallida) has been reported at limited distribution in Dataran Tinggi Dieng (Central Java). The aim of this research was to identify the Globodera species of Dataran Tinggi Dieng based on morphological and morphometrical methods. Soil samples were collected from Dieng plateau at 30 selected potato plantations ranging from 1 100 – 2 100 m above sea level. The identification of PCN was done by observing the morphological and morphometrical key characters of cysts and second juveniles (J2). Two species of Globodera, that are G. rostochiensis and G. pallida, were identified from soil samples. The key characters of G. pallida including distinct forward projection of J2 stylet knob, granek’s ratio value less than 3, and number of cuticular ridges between vulval basin and anus are less than 12 were identified. There were 25 specimens that having granek’s ratio less than 3, and 10 specimens having cuticular ridges number less than 12. G. rostochiensis which has the shape of a stylet knob protrudes posteriorly and the value of the granek’s ratio greater than 3.5 was identified in 30 specimens.
SKOLOMBO AND THEIR CONTINUED EXISTENCE: REVISITING LOST HUMANISM AND PARENTIFICATION IMPULSE
Authors: OKAM CHINYERE L.
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the Skolombo-street children of Calabar. It also investigates the reason for their continued existence, the derivatives in form of social and economic insecurity, inequality and other monstrosities visible in their presence. It questions the oblivious role of the institutions responsible for the care of the child, and parentification impulse as well as the lost humanism which existed in high premium in traditional African society resisted and reflected by text and language. The study is anchored upon Theo Van Leeuwen’s perspective on Critical Discourse Analysis which primarily studies the way social-power abuse and inequality are enacted, reproduced, legitimized, and resisted by text and talk in the social and political context. The study is a qualitative research conducted with the eclectic research methodologies such as biography, Participant Observation and Conversation. Among other findings, this study reveals that the Cross river state government has not provided enough fair ground to fully tackle the social and economic needs of the street child, that the desired comfort has not been provided for the girl child and that they have not been able to fully integrate the Skolombo into the echelon of the privileged. Conclusively, this has created spaces for youth delinquency, thievery, moral laxity and decadence. In the light of the findings, it is recommended that the government needs to put alternative and effective measures to play with the aim to curbing the menace of Skolombo and the street child culture. There ought to be an implementation of the child right boy and girl child. Stringent punishment should be meted on parents, religious leadact in the global space in order to reduce the molestation and marginalization of the ers and guardians who subject children to unnecessary molestation. Religious leaders and parents should be sensitized about the need to integrate their children within the family, intervention should be made compulsory.
Bioglass at 50 – A look at Larry Hench’s legacy and bioactive materials
Authors: Greenspan David
Published: January 2020

In 1969, fifty years ago, a young professor of ceramic engineering created a 4-component glass to be used as a bone replacement material. That material became known as “Bioglass” and more generally as a class of materials known as bioactive glass. Those first experiments conducted by Dr. Larry Hench completely shifted the paradigm of how the biomaterials and medical communities look at the interactions between inorganic materials and tissues in the body. This article will touch on just a few highlights of the development of bioactive glasses and relate those to the concepts of bioactivity and tissue bonding.
Heterogeneity analysis of shale reservoir based on multi-stage pumping data
Authors: Zhai Wenbao , Li Jun , Chen Zhaowei , Liu Gonghui , Zhou Yingcao
Published: January 2020

Heterogeneity analysis of conventional data, such as geophysical log data, has been still limited to the application of near-wellbore zone, which makes it difficult to optimize the hydraulic fracturing design and may render suboptimal performance. However, the fluctuation of multi-stage pumping data, manifesting nonlinear behavior of physical properties with shale reservoir during hydraulic fractures propagation stage, is usually ignored. In this study, the empirical mode decomposition technique (EMDT) was introduced and applied to the multi-stage pumping data to determine the respective Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF). By using a relationship between the IMF number and its mean wavenumber, the heterogeneity index associated with far-wellbore shale reservoir was determined. The results indicate that the heterogeneity index from multi-stage pumping data is good coincided with the effective stimulation reservoir volume (ESRV) obtained from micro-seismic events. Not only that, but it also reveals that there is a strong correlation of heterogeneity index, IMF number, ESRV, and degree of heterogeneity within shale reservoir. This work has demonstrated that heterogeneity index analysis combined with EMDT has been significantly important and essential to quantify the degree of heterogeneity within far-wellbore shale reservoir from multi-stage pumping data, which contributes to optimizing the hydraulic fracturing design and improving good optimal performance.
Superhydrophobic wood grafted by poly(2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl methacrylate) via ATRP with self-cleaning, abrasion resistance and anti-mold properties
Authors: Wang Yu , Tang Zuwu , Lu Shengchang , Zhang Min , Liu Kai , Xiao He , Huang Liulian , Chen Lihui , Wu Hui , Ni Yonghao
Published: January 2020

Wood is a natural, abundant, renewable resource, which is easily processed, has beautiful texture and good mechanical strength, and is widely used for furniture, flooring, decor and building construction. However, wood is vulnerable to moisture and microorganisms, resulting in deformation, cracks, mold and degradation, which causes aesthetic problems and/or shortens the service life of wood products. In this paper, superhydrophobic wood (wood-F) was fabricated by grafting poly(2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl methacrylate) (PFOEMA) onto wood by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed that PFOEMA was successfully grafted onto wood. The resultant wood-F exhibited excellent water resistance with a contact angle (CA) of 156° and hysteresis of 4°. The modified wood also showed abrasion resistance, self-cleaning ability and anti-mold properties, all of which are desirable for various wood products.
Black phosphorus-Au nanocomposite-based fluorescence immunochromatographic sensor for high-sensitive detection of zearalenone in cereals
Authors: Li Shijie , Zhang Fuyuan , Wang Junping , Wen Wenjun , Wang Shuo
Published: January 2020

Rapid and high-sensitive detection of mycotoxins is believed to be of vital importance in assuring food safety. In this study, we developed a novel fluorescence immunochromatographic sensor (ICS) for the mycotoxin of zearalenone (ZEN) in cereals. This was done by using a black phosphorus-Au nanocomposite (BP-Au) as the 2D quenching platform. Herein, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were directly reduced on the surface of BP nanosheets (BPNSs) to form BP-Au nanocomposites, showing higher fluorescence (quantum dots, λEm = 525 nm) quenching efficiency compared to the BPNSs and AuNPs. The fluorescence quenching efficiency of the prepared BP-Au nanocomposite reached 73.8%, which was 1.73-fold and 1.44-fold higher than AuNPs and BPNSs, respectively. The density functional theory was also successfully used to explore the formation mechanism of the BP-Au nanocomposite. By introducing the quantum dots/BP-Au signal/quencher pair, a high-sensitive fluorescence quenching ICS (B-FICS) was developed for the detection and discrimination of ZEN with the limit of detection of 0.1 μg/l in pure working buffer. This was 2.5-fold more sensitive than AuNPs-based FICS (A-FICS). The B-FICS was successfully applied in real cereals detection with the sample limit of detection of 2 μg/kg. The successful construction of B-FICS offers a novel method for a rapid and high-sensitive detection of ZEN in cereals. It also provides a new practical application of 2D BPNSs in food safety sensing.
Lanthanide Nd ion-doped two-dimensional In2Se3 nanosheets with near-infrared luminescence property
Authors: Liu Yuan , Bai Gongxun , Jiang Li , Hua Youjie , Chen Liang , Xu Shiqing
Published: January 2020

Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) materials have drawn great attention in recent years due to their promising applications in biomedicine and atomically optoelectronic devices. In this work, we have fabricated a 2D In2Se3 nanosheet doped with Nd3+ ions via the two-step method of solid phase synthesis and liquid exfoliation. Owing to the special inner 4f-4f energy level transitions, lanthanide ions can emit photons with almost the same energy in different environments. Here, a stable near-infrared luminescence from Nd3+-doped 2D In2Se3 nanosheets has been realized, which includes emission bands around 910, 1057, and 1324 nm. The doping of Nd3+ ions extends the emission region of In2Se3 nanosheets. Moreover, the photoluminescence mechanism of Nd3+ ions was investigated through a series of optical measurements. This work not only provides a reliable method to fabricate lanthanide ion-doped 2D materials but also possesses a great significance for luminescence study of lanthanide ions in the 2D matrix.
“People”, “Peoples” - How the May 3, 1791 Constitution framers defined what the People is and handled the duality of the Commonwealth of the Two Nations
Authors: Parent Arnaud
Published: January 2020

In the Commonwealth of the Two Nations, significant legal texts were implemented under the rule of King Stanislaw August, the most important being the Constitution of May 3, 1791, adopted during the Four-Year Sejm (1788-1792). Its framers faced numerous challenges, first, because then only nobles were considered as constituting the Republic, one was to define who should be considered as a member of the People, who could be elected deputy to the Sejm, and at which condition. Second, since the 1569 Union of Lublin the Commonwealth is made of two distinct states: Poland (the Crown) and the Grand-Duchy of Lithuania, drafters had to handle Lithuanian statehood in a Constitution, which was primarily seen as a way to enhance unification of the two nations. Third, the Grand-Duchy of Lithuania having its own legislation, enclosed in the Lithuanian statute, (adopted in 1529, followed with a Second Statute in 1566, and a Third Statute in 1588), the question of its maintaining or not too had to be taken into consideration by framers. We hope that considering how these different issues were handled will shed a new light on the permanence of Lithuanian laws and political tradition in the May 3 Constitution.
Research on ELID Grinding Mechanism and Process Parameter Optimization of Aluminum-Based Diamond Composites for Electronic Packaging
Authors: Guan Jialiang , Zhang Longyue , Liu Shujun , Yang Yang
Published: January 2020

Aiming at the problem of poor processing performance and difficult processing in the process of aluminum-based diamond composites for electronic packaging, this paper uses electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding technology to grind the aluminum-based diamond composites. The quadratic orthogonal rotation combination method was used to investigate the influence law and degree of grinding depth, grinding wheel linear velocity, duty cycle and electrolysis current on surface roughness. The ELID grinding optimization process parameters of aluminum-based diamond composites obtained by LINGO software are: grinding depth 9.3μm, grinding wheel linear speed 36m/s, duty cycle 63.7%, electrolysis current 11.5A. The surface of the aluminum-based diamond composite with a surface roughness of 125 nm was machined by this optimized process parameter combination.
Eco-Friendly Usage of Aviation Gasoline; Benzene and Toluene Concentration Effect
Authors: Koyunoğlu Cemil
Published: January 2020

The Clapeyron equation defines the relationship between temperature and vapor pressure. If the absolute temperature graph is plotted, a straight line is obtained on the y-axis of the graph against the logarithm of the vapor pressure. Each liquid and gas-phase hydrocarbon can be determined in the graph. While plotting this graph of the benzene-toluene mixture that affects fuel performance, the pressure values ​​of the mixture are determined by the separation of the mixture from the air. Usually, when drawing this graph, critical temperatures and pressures are essential and more pronounced in hydrocarbons where aromatic structures are rich. To determine the vapor pressure, the atmospheric pressure, such as the boiling range of the sample, must be determined depending on the liquid boiling temperature of a reflux condenser. This means that the temperature of the fuel at a vapor pressure exceeding 760 mmHg in the same graph, apart from this temperature, is estimated. The slopes of other petroleum products can determine the slope of the obtained temperature distribution. If the boiling point cannot be determined experimentally, the temperature value in the Engler distillation curve corresponding to 20 % distillation can be taken. A proposed solution of the McCabe-Thiele method as an alternative to other methods for the distillation properties of the benzene and toluene mixture that affect the fuel efficiency is described in this study.
Gamificação na aprendizagem de inglês: uma análise sobre Recursos Educacionais Abertos, Motivação e o Feedback
Authors: Duarte Gabriela Bohlmann
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma análise sobre a gamificação a partir das definições de motivação, feedback e Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA), a fim de problematizar o uso da gamificação em situações de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas. Apresenta-se uma discussão teórica junto com dados obtidos na realização de atividades gamificadas e não-gamificadas para a aprendizagem de inglês por dois grupos de alunos  através da ferramenta Ensino de Línguas Online (ELO). Com base nos dados apresentados, torna-se possível constatar que embora a gamificação, enquanto característica de REA, pode ter um papel importante na motivação de alguns alunos, não é possível generalizar essa afirmação e é necessário considerar as formas como as informações de feedback são apresentadas nas atividades.
Parametric Representation of Tactile Numerosity in Working Memory
Authors: Uluç Işıl , Velenosi Lisa Alexandria , Schmidt Timo Torsten , Blankenburg Felix
Published: January 2020

Estimated numerosity perception is processed in an approximate number system (ANS) that resembles the perception of a continuous magnitude. The ANS consists of a right lateralized frontoparietal network comprising the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and the intraparietal sulcus. Although the ANS has been extensively investigated, only a few studies have focused on the mental representation of retained numerosity estimates. Specifically, the underlying mechanisms of estimated numerosity working memory (WM) is unclear. Besides numerosities, as another form of abstract quantity, vibrotactile WM studies provide initial evidence that the right LPFC takes a central role in maintaining magnitudes. In the present fMRI multivariate pattern analysis study, we designed a delayed match-to-numerosity paradigm to test what brain regions retain approximate numerosity memoranda. In line with parametric WM results, our study found numerosity-specific WM representations in the right LPFC as well as in the supplementary motor area and the left premotor cortex extending into the superior frontal gyrus, thus bridging the gap in abstract quantity WM literature.
Radiochemical separation of 7Be from the cooling water of the neutron spallation source SINQ at PSI
Authors: Schumann D. , Ayranov M. , Stowasser T. , Gialanella L. , di Leva A. , Romano M. , Schuermann D.
Published: January 2020

7Be is a key radionuclide for investigation of several astrophysical processes and phenomena. In addition, it is used as a tracer in wear measurements. It is produced in considerable amounts in the cooling water (D2O) of the Spallation Induced Neutron Source (SINQ) facility at PSI by spallation reactions on 16O with the generated fast neutrons. A shielded ion-exchange filter containing 100 mL of the mixed-bed ion exchanger LEWATIT was installed as a bypass for the cooling water into the cooling loop of SINQ for three months. The collected activity of 7Be was in the range of several hundred GBq. Further, the 7Be was separated and purified in a hot-cell remotely-controlled using a separation system installed. With the exception of 10Be, radioactive byproducts can be neglected, so that this cooling water could serve as an ideal source for highly active 7Be-samples. The facility is capable of producing 7Be with activities up to 1 TBq per year. The 7Be sample preparation is described in detail and the possible uses are discussed. In particular some preliminary results of 7Be ion beam production are presented.
Smad4 promotes diabetic nephropathy by modulating glycolysis and OXPHOS
Authors: Li Jinhua , Sun Yu Bo Yang , Chen Weiyi , Fan Jinjin , Li Songhui , Qu Xinli , Chen Qikang , Chen Riling , Zhu Dajian , Zhang Jinfeng , Wu Zhuguo , Chi Honggang , Crawford Simon , Oorschot Viola , Puelles Victor G , Kerr Peter G , Ren Yi , Nilsson Susan K , Christian Mark , Tang Huanwen , Chen Wei , Bertram John F , Nikolic‐Paterson David J , Yu Xueqing
Published: January 2020

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end‐stage kidney disease. TGF‐β1/Smad3 signalling plays a major pathological role in DN; however, the contribution of Smad4 has not been examined. Smad4 depletion in the kidney using anti‐Smad4 locked nucleic acid halted progressive podocyte damage and glomerulosclerosis in mouse type 2 DN, suggesting a pathogenic role of Smad4 in podocytes. Smad4 is upregulated in human and mouse podocytes during DN. Conditional Smad4 deletion in podocytes protects mice from type 2 DN, independent of obesity. Mechanistically, hyperglycaemia induces Smad4 localization to mitochondria in podocytes, resulting in reduced glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and increased production of reactive oxygen species. This operates, in part, via direct binding of Smad4 to the glycolytic enzyme PKM2 and reducing the active tetrameric form of PKM2. In addition, Smad4 interacts with ATPIF1, causing a reduction in ATPIF1 degradation. In conclusion, we have discovered a mitochondrial mechanism by which Smad4 causes diabetic podocyte injury.
Generating Stable Knockout Zebrafish Lines by Deleting Large Chromosomal Fragments Using Multiple gRNAs
Authors: Kim Brian H , Zhang GuangJun
Published: January 2020

The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9) system has been successfully adopted as a versatile genetic tool for functional manipulations, due to its convenience and effectiveness. Genetics lesions induced by single guide RNA (gRNA) are usually small indel (insertion-deletion) DNA mutations. The impact of this type of CRISPR-induced DNA mutation on the coded mRNA transcription processing and protein translation can be complex. Unexpected or unknown transcripts, generated through alternative splicing, may impede the generation of successful loss-of-function mutants. To create null or null-like loss-of-function mutant zebrafish, we employed simultaneous multiple gRNA injection into single-cell stage embryos. We demonstrated that DNA composed of multiple exons, up to 78kb in length, can be deleted in the smarca2 gene locus. Additionally, two different genes (rnf185 and rnf215) were successfully mutated in F1 fish with multiple exon deletions using this multiplex gRNA injection strategy. We expect this approach will be useful for knock-out studies in zebrafish and other vertebrate organisms, especially when the phenotype of a single gRNA-induced mutant is not clear.
Tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones aplicadas a la gestión del agua: El caso del río Bogotá
Authors: Güiza-Suarez Leonardo , Rojas Moreno Yuly Catherine , Morales Rozo Diana
Published: January 2020

[Introducción]: Ante la magnitud de los problemas ambientales relacionados con el agua y los fenómenos como sequías e inundaciones intensificados por el cambio climático, resulta útil aprovechar las nuevas tecnologías, mediante el desarrollo de observatorios ambientales virtuales. [Objetivo]: Este artículo presenta la experiencia del Observatorio Regional Ambiental y de Desarrollo Sostenible del Río Bogotá (ORARBO), desde sus motivaciones hasta su implementación. [Metodología]: Para mostrar lo anterior, se aportan los elementos teóricos, metodológicos y prácticos tomados en cuenta para contribuir a su réplica en contextos sociales, culturales y ambientales similares en América Latina. [Resultados]: Se presenta un análisis teórico en relación con el aporte de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) a la gestión y gobernanza del agua y en la experiencia práctica obtenida en su ejecución en Colombia. [Conclusiones]: Se concluye que las TIC pueden fortalecer la gestión hídrica, al facilitar el acceso a la información y participación en materia ambiental, y de esta manera aumentar la incidencia en la toma de decisiones frente a este importante asunto.
Towards functional regeneration of perhaps the most difficult tissue in the body: articular cartilage
Authors: Van Weeren P. R.
Published: January 2020

Regenerative medicine aims at restoring or improving lost or affected functions of the body by stimulating the inherent healing capacity of tissues. The central paradigm of tissue engineering is that such repair is facilitated and enhanced using several approaches that may range from application of biologically active products (such as growth factor containing platelet rich plasma (PRP) or stem cells from a variety of sources) to the use of biofabricated implants. In all cases the aim is that in the end the body’s own healing capacity will result in the production of tissues that are identical to or at least functionally equivalent to the original tissues of which the function has been (partially) lost. In the case of the use of biofabricated implants, these are meant as temporary scaffolds that will stimulate the body’s own cells through a variety of cues but are destined to finally degrade and be replaced by newly made tissue. Ideally, this is a well-balanced gradual process in which there is a match between the disappearance (and loss of biological effect) of the engineered tissues and the formation (and increased biological effect) of the native tissues that replace the implant.There are many examples of successful applications of this theory, e.g. in the areas of bladder reconstruction (Londono & Badylak 2015). However, recently, it has become clear that this concept (and hence the paradigm) does not hold for articular cartilage because the collagen network, which is crucial for the biomechanical functions of articular cartilage, will, once damaged, not be reconstituted to any degree in mature individuals (Heinemeier et al. 2016). For this reason, a paradigm shift is necessary in the field of regenerative medicine of articular cartilage and attempts at tissue engineering in this field will have to be redirected. There are in principle two ways to achieve such a paradigm shift: either by recreating the tissue homeostatic and (epi)genetic environment as present in fetuses and young, growing, individuals in which remodeling of the collagen network is still possible, or by adopting Nature’s approach in the mature individual, i.e. by creating a life-long persisting, immutable structural component of articular cartilage. Both ways face considerable challenges before they can become reality.
Periosteum: The forgotten source of osteoprogenitors
Authors: Stewart Matthew
Published: January 2020

Bone is one of the few tissues capable of authentic regenerative repair. However, despite advances in surgical technique, orthopaedic hardware and our understanding of fracture biology, inadequate bone repair remains a major concern in both veterinary and human medicine. Cell-based technologies provide opportunities to utilize the osteogenic capacities of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) to augment bone repair. Much of the research on MSC biology has focused on cells derived from the bone marrow/endosteal compartment; however, osteoprogenitor cells (OPC) also reside in the periosteum. Periosteum develops as a fibro-cellular envelope surrounding developing skeletal elements. The inner, or cambium layer of periosteum, includes committed OPCs directly adjacent the bone surface, and a distinct sub-population of progenitors within the periosteal mid-substance that retain both chondrogenic and osteogenic capacities. During skeletogenesis, periosteal OPCs are responsible for appositional intramembranous bone formation that increases the radial diameter of long bones. Of critical importance, periosteal stem cells are the predominant cell population responsible for generating the cartilaginous or ‘soft’ callus that provides intermediate stabilization and a scaffold for subsequent callus ossification by endochondral ossification; the primary mechanism of bone repair. In recent experiments using isolates from ‘donor-matched’ periosteum and bone marrow, we have found that the basal osteogenic capacity of equine OPCs is considerably less than that of bone marrow-derived MSCs. Periosteal OPCs require exogenous Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) for robust osteogenesis, a finding consistent with the clinical responses of bone to recombinant BMP protein. Perhaps more surprising, the osteogenic capacity of adult (2-10 years of age) OPCs is comparable to those of young foals’, although the cell yield is considerably greater from foal specimens. In light of the vital importance of callus formation for successful fracture healing of most, further research on the biology and clinical manipulation of periosteal OPCs is highly warranted.
Determinants of object choice and object attachment: Compensatory consumption in compulsive buying–shopping disorder and hoarding disorder
Authors: Norberg Melissa M. , David Jonathan , Crone Cassandra , Kakar Vani , Kwok Cathy , Olivier Jake , Grisham Jessica R.
Published: January 2020

Background and aims

Individuals who meet criteria for compulsive buying–shopping disorder (i.e., acquiring problems only) or hoarding disorder (i.e., acquiring and discarding problems) may acquire possessions to compensate for unmet belonging needs, but may do so in different ways. Those with compulsive buying–shopping disorder may acquire objects that they believe will relieve the distress associated with unmet belonging needs (e.g., objects that distract or comfort), whereas those with hoarding disorder may acquire objects that they believe achieve belonging needs (e.g., objects that have interpersonal connotations). Accordingly, this study examined whether a belongingness threat would drive individuals who excessively acquire possessions to choose a human-like object (person-shaped tea holder) or a comfort item (box of chamomile tea).

Methods

One hundred seventy-five participants (57 self-reported excessive acquiring only; 118 self-reported excessive acquiring and difficulty discarding) recalled a time when they either felt supported or unsupported by a significant other before choosing an object to take home with them. Participants rated how anthropomorphic and comforting the objects were as well as how attached they became to their chosen object.

Results

Unsupported individuals were more likely to acquire the comfort item than supported individuals; however, individuals with both acquiring and discarding problems were more likely to acquire the human-like item than those with an acquiring problem only. Comfort and anthropomorphism ratings predicted object choice and attachment.

Discussions and conclusion

The current findings extend the Compensatory Consumer Behavior Model to include what factors determine strategy choice and object attachment.
Maeotian Burials with Glass Skyphos of the Zubovsky Type
Authors: Limberis Natalya , Marchenko Ivan
Published: January 2020

In 1995, an article by I.P. Zasetskaya and I.I. Marchenko dedicated to the classification of glass kantharoi (skyphos and cups) of the Late Hellenistic and Roman times was published. This work covered vessels, which were kept in various museums around the world, but most of the vessels come from rich Sarmatian and Maeotian burials of the Kuban region. These days many archaeologists have successfully applied this classification. This work is devoted to Maeotian burials from burial grounds of hillforts no. 1 and no. 2 of Lenin and Starokorsunskiy farmsteads with glass skyphos of type IIIb, variant 2 by classification of I.P. Zasetskaya and I.I. Marchenko. The skyphos of the same type bring Maeotian assemblages closer to the Sarmatian burial from Zubovsky barrow 2. The skyphos from Vozdvizhenskaya barrow belonging to type IIIa also has the same variant features. Accepted dating of these assemblages determined the chronology of the existence of the vessel types in general. The skyphos of Vozdvizhenskaya type (IIIa, 2) appear in the second half of the 1st century BC, and of Zubovsky type (IIIb, 2) – at the turn of the era, the period of further synchronous use of both types of vessels lasts until the middle of the 1st century AD. Thus, the time of appearance of types IIIa and IIIb skyphos with handles of variant 2 can supposedly be divided by an interval of about 50 years. The chronology of existence of glass skyphos of the type IIIb, variant 2 is consistent with presence of a silver kantharos, swords with a ring top, iron arrowheads, spearhead and types of beads, gray clay pottery of local production among funerary equipment, which allows to limit dating of the considered burials to the first half of the 1st century AD.
Mirrors of the Early Sarmatian Culture of the Lower Don Region
Authors: Glebov Vyacheslav
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the classification and chronology of mirrors of the Lower Don Early Sarmatian culture of the 2nd – 1st centuries BC. In the Early Sarmatian culture of the Lower Don region of the 2nd – 1st centuries BC, large mirrors with a roller along the edge of the disk and a wedge-shaped handle-pin (department 2) and small mirrors in the form of a flat disk without a handle (department 1, type 2) are prevailing. Large mirrors with a roller along the edge of the disk and a wedge-shaped handle-pin (44.7%) gravitate towards monuments of the early stage, most of which are located in the eastern regions of the left bank. Mirrors in the form of a small flat disk without a handle (41.5%) are already known in the complexes of the early horizon of the Lower Don Early Sarmatian culture, but they become widespread later. At the final stage of the Early Sarmatian culture and in the Middle Sarmatian time, such mirrors completely prevail over mirrors of other forms. Other varieties of mirrors are represented by a small number of copies. Many mirrors were accompanied by the remnants of cases, one mirror had a stand. Most of the mirrors are found in female burials, much less – in male ones; with child’s bones, fragments of mirrors were found only twice. Most often, the mirrors were located close to the body of the buried, most often near the skull, shoulders, chest of the buried, sometimes on the body or under it. Most of the finds are fragments of mirrors, whole specimens are relatively few (only about 20%). Large fragments could be used for their intended purpose; small fragments probably served as amulets. Many mirrors are damaged – chopped, bent, broken, have traces of shock. It is believed to be the traces of some actions of a ritual-magical nature in order to free the soul of a thing or render the harmless of the deceased. It should be noted that in the funeral rites of the early Sarmatians, not only mirrors but also other categories of equipment – swords, knives, boilers, vessels, were subjected to mass ritual damage.
Analysis of the Types of Radar Absorbing Materials
Authors: Afanasiev Anatoly , Bakhracheva Yulia
Published: January 2020

The paper provides the analysis of modern radar absorbing materials. The authors describe the advantage of radar absorbing material on the basis of the metamaterial.
The evolution of technologies in microbiology is the key to creating new opportunities for surveillance and prevention of infections in obstetrics
Authors: Priputnevich Tatiana V. , Zubkov Viktor V. , Trofimov Dmitry Yu. , Shevyreva Marina P. , Maryin German G. , Tutelyan Alexey V. , Akimkin Vasiliy G. , Briko Nikolay I. , Kostenko Natalia A. , Baibarina Elena N. , Sukhikh Gennadiy T.
Published: January 2020

The main direction of improving the quality of medical care for pregnant women, mothers and newborns is to improve the diagnosis and prevention of inflammatory infections, including healthcare-associated infections (HAI). A huge number of types of causative agents of opportunistic infections in women and newborns significantly complicates the etiological diagnosis and timely, adequate treatment at all stages of medical care. Recently, we have seen the emergence and spread of multi-resistant strains: bacteria from the ESKAPE-pathogens group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Enterobacter cloacae); as well as coagulase-negative staphylococci and yeasts, which easily realize their pathogenic potential for immunocompromised patients. The changed epidemiological situation requires the creation and functioning of a local system of surveillance of opportunistic infections in obstetrics and neonatology, primarily for the HAI, which will quickly monitor changes occurring in the etiological, intraspecific, strain structure of pathogens and respond to them in a timely manner. The evolution of technologies in microbiology allows introducing new approaches to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of infections. Active use of modern methods of etiological diagnostics, development and application of innovative antimicrobial drugs in combination with coordinated work of physicians, microbiologists, clinical pharmacologists, epidemiologists and specialists in the field of molecular biology and bioinformatics is the key to the formation of new opportunities for epidemiological surveillance and prevention of infections in childbirth.
The Italian Job – Jagd nach der Wahrheit. Nietzsche, Colli, Montinari
Authors: Felsch Philipp
Published: January 2020

Es gehört zur Natur eines philosophischen Klassikers, dass er immer wieder neu interpretiert werden muss. Im Fall von Nietzsche reichen die Revisionen aber weiter. Nicht nur die Bedeutung, sondern auch der Wortlaut seiner Philosophie ist umstritten, was dazu führt, dass neue Interpreationenen nach neuen Editionen verlangen - und umgekehrt. Zuletzt haben der Basler Stroemfeld und der Göttinger Seidl Verlag je eine weiter Nietzsche-Ausgabe angekündigt. Jedes Wort, das der Philosoph auf Papier hinterlassen hat, ist längst transkribiert, historisch-kritisch kommentiert und mehrfach editert worden. Und dennoch sind die Herausgeber der neuen Ausgaben der Meinung, der echte Nietzsche sei uns über hundert Jahre nach seinem Tod noch immer unbekannt.
Drought, Hurricane, or Wildfire? Assessing the Trump Administration’s Anti-Science Disaster
Authors: Frickel Scott , Rea Christopher M.
Published: January 2020

We describe the Trump Administration as an “anti-science disaster” and approach study of the phenomenon as other disaster researchers might study the impacts of a drought, hurricane, or wildfire. An important, but rare, element of disaster research is identification of baseline data that allow scientific assessment of changes in social and natural systems. We describe three potential baselines for assessing the nature and impact of Trump’s anti-science rhetoric and (in)action on science, science policy, and politics.
Upgraded to Obsolescence: Age Intervention in the Era of Biohacking
Authors: Ellison Kirsten L.
Published: January 2020

Popularized by DIY scientists and quantified-selfers, the language of “biohacking” has become increasingly prevalent in anti-aging discourse. Presented with speculative futures of superhuman health and longevity, consumers and patients are invited to “hack” the aging process, reducing age to one of the many programs, or rather “bugs” that can be re-written, removed, and rendered obsolete. Drawing on recent examples from popular media and anti-aging promotional materials, I explore how the language of biohacking signals an orientation to the body that denies the acceptability of a body that is anything but optimal. In the endless strive towards the latest and greatest, the language of biohacking renders the old body obsolete, standing as nothing more than a relic of an outdated operating system.