bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metacognition and emotional regulation as treatment targets in binge eating disorder: a network analysis study
Authors: Aloi Matteo , Rania Marianna , Carbone Elvira Anna , Caroleo Mariarita , Calabrò Giuseppina , Zaffino Paolo , Nicolò Giuseppe , Carcione Antonino , Coco Gianluca Lo , Cosentino Carlo , Segura-Garcia Cristina
Published: January 2021

Background: This study aims to examine the underlying associations between eating, affective and metacognitive symptoms in patients with binge eating disorder (BED) through network analysis (NA), in order to identify key variables that may be considered the target for psychotherapeutic interventions. Methods: One hundred and fifty-five patients with BED completed measures of eating psychopathology, affective symptoms, emotion regulation and metacognition. A cross-sectional network was inferred by means of Gaussian Markov random field estimation using graphical LASSO and extended Bayesian information criterion (EBIC-LASSO), and central symptoms of BED were identified by means of the strength centrality index. Results: Impaired self-monitoring metacognition and difficulties on impulse control emerged as the symptoms with the highest centrality. Conversely, eating and affective features were less central. The centrality stability coefficient of strength was above the recommended cut-off, thus indicating the stability of the network. Conclusions: According to present NA findings, impaired self-monitoring metacognition and difficulties on impulse control are the central nodes in the psychopathological network of BED while eating symptoms appear marginal. If further studies with larger samples replicate these results, metacognition and impulse control could represent new targets of psychotherapeutic interventions in the treatment of BED. In light of this, Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT) could be a promising aid in clinical practice to develop an effective treatment for BED.
Ultrasonic welding of magnetic hybrid material systems –316L stainless steel to Ni/Cu/Ni-coated Nd2Fe14B magnets
Authors: Liesegang Moritz , Beck Tilmann
Published: January 2021

The performance of electric sensors is continuously improving due to the demands of modern vehicles and electronic devices. Magnetic sensors are used in a wide field of applications. However, handling and mounting the typical high-performance rare earth permanent magnets are challenging due to their brittleness. A constant magnetic flux is a key property of the magnetic setup in many devices. State-of-the-art adhesive bonding of magnets in devices can cause problems due to the low durability and viscous behaviour of adhesive polymers, as the magnet may change its position and hence, the magnetic flux distribution in the magnetic setup changes.Ultrasonic welding is a powerful technique to join hybrid material systems quickly and reliably, providing high joint strength, even for brittle materials such as glasses, ceramics and rare earth permanent magnets. The latter is being investigated in this work for the first time. The ultrasonic welding process was adapted to join 316L stainless steel, representing potential components of magnetic devices, to Ni/Cu/Ni-coated Nd2Fe14B. In addition to directly joined steel/magnet-hybrids, ductile aluminium and nickel interlayers were used in order to enhance the joint strength.Process parameters were developed and evaluated considering the resulting shear strength of the joints. The highest shear strength of 35 MPa was achieved for 316L/Nd2Fe14B and 316L/Al/Nd2Fe14B, which is more than twice the shear strength of adhesively bonded joints of up to 20 MPa, according to the literature. The functional performance of the hybrid material systems, evaluated by the magnetic flux density of the hybrid material systems was the highest for directly bonded joints, and those with a nickel interlayer, which did not show any losses in comparison to the single magnet in its initial state. Joints with an aluminium interlayer showed losses of 3% and adhesively bonded joints showed losses of 7% of the magnetic flux density.In summary, the results of this work indicate that ultrasonic welding is a suitable technique to improve the production process and performance of magnetic devices.
Improvement of water quality for mass anopheline rearing: Evaluation of the impact of ammonia-capturing zeolite on larval development and adult phenotypic quality
Authors: Akpodiete Nwamaka Oluchukwu , Tripet Frederic
Published: January 2021

BackgroundMalaria vector control approaches that rely on mosquito releases such as the sterile insect technique (SIT) and suppression or replacement strategies relying on genetically modified mosquitoes (GMM) depend on effective mass production of Anopheles mosquitoes. Anophelines typically require relatively clean larval rearing water, and water management techniques that minimise toxic ammonia are key to achieving optimal rearing conditions in small and large rearing facilities. Zeolites are extensively used in closed-system fish aquaculture to improve water quality and reduce water consumption, thanks to their selective adsorption of ammonia and toxic heavy metals. The many advantages of zeolites include low cost, abundance in many parts of the world and environmental friendliness. However, so far, their potential benefit for mosquito rearing has not been evaluated.MethodsThis study evaluated the independent effects of zeolite and daily water changes (to simulate a continuous flow system) on the rearing of An. coluzzii under two feed regimes (powder or slurry feed) and larval densities (200 and 400 larvae per tray). The duration of larval development, adult emergence success and phenotypic quality (body size) were recorded to assess the impact of water treatments on mosquito numbers, phenotypic quality and identification of optimal feeding regimes and larval density for the use of zeolite.ResultsOverall, mosquito emergence, duration of development and adult phenotypic quality was significantly better in treatments with daily water changes. In treatments without daily water changes, zeolite significantly improved water quality at the lower larval rearing density, resulting in higher mosquito emergence and shorter development time. At the lower larval rearing density, the adult phenotypic quality did not significantly differ between zeolite treatment without water changes and those with daily changes. ConclusionsThese results suggest that treating rearing water with zeolite can improve mosquito production in smaller facilities. Zeolite could also offer cost-effective and environmental-friendly solutions for water recycling management systems in larger production facilities. Further studies are needed to optimise and assess the costs and benefits of such applications to Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquito rearing programmes.
Hyperglycemia, Inflammatory Response and Infarct Size in Obstructive Acute Myocardial Infarction and MINOCA
Authors: Paolisso Pasquale , Foà Alberto , Bergamaschi Luca , Donati Francesco , Fabrizio Michele , Chiti Chiara , Angeli Francesco , Toniolo Sebastiano , Stefanizzi Andrea , Armillotta Matteo , Rucci Paola , Iannopollo Gianmarco , Casella Gianni , Marrozzini Cinzia , Galiè Nazzareno , Pizzi Carmine
Published: January 2021

BackgroundHyperglycemia has been associated with increased inflammatory indexes and larger infarct sizes in patients with obstructive acute myocardial infarction (obs-AMI). In contrast, no studies have explored these correlations in non-obstructive acute myocardial infarction (MINOCA). We investigated the relationship between hyperglycemia, inflammation and infarct size in a cohort of AMI patients that included MINOCA.MethodsPatients with AMI undergoing coronary angiography between 2016 and 2020 were enrolled. The following inflammatory markers were evaluated: C-reactive protein, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR). Myocardial infarct size was measured by peak high sensitivity troponin I (Hs-TnI) levels, left-ventricular-end-diastolic-volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).ResultsThe final study population consisted of 2450 patients with obs-AMI and 239 with MINOCA. Hyperglycemia was more prevalent among obs-AMI cases. In all hyperglycemic patients - obs-AMI and MINOCA - NLR, NPR, and LPR were markedly altered. Hyperglycemic obs-AMI subjects exhibited a higher Hs-TnI (p < 0.001), a larger LVEDV (p = 0.003) and a lower LVEF (p < 0.001) compared to normoglycemic ones. Conversely, MINOCA patients showed a trivial myocardial damage, irrespective of admission glucose levels.ConclusionsOur data confirm the association of hyperglycemic obs-AMI with elevated inflammatory markers and larger infarct sizes. MINOCA patients exhibited modest myocardial damage, regardless of admission glucose levels.
Psychological distress during the initial COVID-19 pandemic in an Italian cohort of people living with HIV: an online survey
Authors: Donne Valentina Delle , Ciccarelli Nicoletta , Massaroni Valentina , Lombardi Francesca , Lamonica Silvia , Borghetti Alberto , Fabbiani Massimiliano , Cauda Roberto , Giambenedetto Simona Di
Published: January 2021

Our aim was to explore the psychological impact of the initial 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH), a population at increased risk of psychological distress. PLWH, treated at our unit, responded an online survey. Data on demographics, clinical and physical symptoms, contact history, as well as knowledge, concerns, precautionary measures and additional information required with respect to COVID-19 during the first phase of the pandemic in Italy were collected. Additionally, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) (identifying COVID-19 pandemic as specific traumatic life event) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were also administered. Out of 98 participants, 44 (45%) revealed from mild to severe psychological impact distress from COVID-19 according to IES-R. According to DASS-21, a lower percentage of significant levels of depression (14%), anxiety (11%) or stress (6%) were reported. Higher education, unemployment, number of perceived physical COVID-19 symptoms, concerns contracting COVID-19 and the situation regarding the pandemic in Italy, and the need of additional information to prevent COVID-19 infection were positively associated to psychological distress. Moreover, female gender, older age, recent HIV diagnosis and unawareness of own viremia were associated to a higher psychological distress. Almost half of our cohort experienced significant levels of distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Women, elderly patients and those with recent HIV diagnosis resulted to be the more psychological fragile subgroup. Our findings could help to identify patients in need of psychological interventions to improve wellbeing of PLWH.
HISTORICAL AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION ON SELF-REGULATORY ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Parente L.M.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the historical and legal preconditions for the formation of self-regulation in Ukraine and other countries. On the basis of the conducted research, the peculiarities of the development of self-regulation in the territory of Ukraine in different historical periods are determined. The preconditions for the formation of the institution of self-regulation in the field of management and professional activity are described. It is determined that self-regulation has been inherent in society since the beginning of the primary forms of the common cause. The primary forms of SROs developed rules of professional activity, performed the functions of control and supervision due to the vacuum of state regulation in such areas. The peculiarity of such organizations was certain legalization by the state. Such SROs regulated their own activities at the level of development and adoption of local acts. A feature of national self-regulation was the transition from voluntary to compulsory regulation. to distinguish three periods of development of legislative support in the field of self-regulation. Declarative (from 1991 to 1996): this period is characterized by the formal consolidation at the legislative level of the right of participants in public relations to create an SRO. However, the status of SROs was practically not regulated at the legislative level. At the state level, there was no strategy for the development of self-regulation in the field of management and professional activities.
Institutional (from 1996 to 2016): during this period the system of delegation of powers from public authorities of the SRO, the system of legalization of the SRO is introduced. However, the rules on SROs are still chaotic, there is no clear mechanism for control and supervision of SRO activities by public authorities, the concept of participation in SROs as business entities and persons of certain professions is not defined. In a number of areas, despite the consolidation of the right to create SROs at the level of laws, SROs have not worked. Reformation (from 2016 to the present): characterized by the development at the legislative level of the Concept of reforming the institution of self-regulation, which outlines the problematic issues of the institution of self-regulation in Ukraine, identifies areas for improvement.
Keywords: self-regulation, a self-regulatory organization, the sphere of management, professional activity, a delegation of powers.
OBESITY IN AVIATION MEDICINE
Authors: BALFOUR CATRIONA
Published: January 2021

This paper will examine the impacts of obesity in aviation medicine. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has described the problems of obesity and being overweight as one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century (1) and this will certainly lead to increasing numbers of obese aviators (or potential aviators) presenting for medical certification. These people may not realise the impact their increased weight could have on their flying career and is often going to be an incidental finding in their examination rather than the specific problem they present with. This leads to the question for the medical examiner, does being overweight/obese matter in aviation and how might it increase a person’s risk of incapacitation in the cockpit?
Qur’anic-Based Educational Leadership: An Inquiry Into Surah Al-Fatihah
Authors: Dakir Dakir , Fauzi Ahmad
Published: January 2021

The study of leadership has become an important part amid a multidimensional crisis and a decline in morality in various leadership settings; the significance of this leadership influences the organizational system's sustainability. Thus, this research study aims to build a portrait of Islamic education leadership as an ideal leadership model through the internalization of al-Fatihah's values. This study aims to unpack Islamic school leadership values and principles from al Fatihah verses as an ideal leadership model by internalizing al-Fatihah's values. The findings suggest a) Surah al Fatihah contains Islamic school leadership value derived from rabbaniyah value (monotheism) and Insaniyah value (relationship with others). b) changing Islamic school leadership paradigm from indoctrination to active participation. This study demonstrates that all Islamic education organizations should act by inspiring without indoctrination, awakening without hurting, and arousing without forcing.
Evaluation of the efficiency of a gray water treatment system based on aeration and filtration
Authors: Kabiri Maziar , Akbarpour Abolfazl , Akbari Mohammad
Published: January 2021

Gray water is a great resource for replacing fresh water to be used in standardized usages. The use of treated gray water reduces water consumption and the entry of pollutants into the environment. However, if left untreated, it can be dangerous. The present study examines the efficiency of a gray water treatment system consisting of primary filter, aeration, secondary filter and ultraviolet disinfection unit. After examining the characteristics of gray water, the efficiency of this system was analyzed to remove the pH, TSS, BOD, COD, ABS and total coliform parameters. Then, the gray water treated through this system was compared with the environmental standard of Iran. The pH of the treated gray water was 7.5–7.6. The efficiency of this system for removing the BOD and COD parameters was 98–100 and 76–100%, respectively. This system had an efficiency of 96–97% to eliminate the ABS parameter. Also, this system was able to eliminate total coliform with 100% efficiency. Results showed that in the three series of experiments performed on this system, according to the Iranian standard, the treated wastewater is suitable for irrigation and agricultural uses. However, this system could not be licensed for the COD parameter regarding the discharge to surface water and absorbent wells.
Mujeres y ciencia: a propósito del Premio Nobel
Authors: Macchia de Sánchez Carla , Villalba-Vizcaíno Vivian
Published: January 2021

El mundo científico siempre se ha mostrado como un terreno competitivo donde el éxito es directamente proporcional a la dedicación de tiempo y el género, siendo los hombres quienes histórica y socialmente cumplen estos requisitos.
Dispareunia en mujeres después de parto vaginal. Prevalencia en dos clínicas de Armenia, Colombia, 2012-2017
Authors: Espitia-De La Hoz Franklin J.
Published: January 2021

Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal que tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de la dispareunia en mujeres con parto vaginal, evaluar posibles factores de riesgo y la asociación con la episiotomía. Ingresaron mujeres atendidas por parto vaginal entre 2012 y 2017 en dos clínicas de alta complejidad en Armenia (Colombia). Se utilizó el cuestionario Índice de Función Sexual Femenina (IFFS-6) para evaluar la función sexual. Los resultados reportan una prevalencia de dispareunia del 59,37%, siendo más prevalente en mujeres sometidas a episiotomía (OR: 68,17; IC95 %: 60,57-79,15). Respecto a la asociación de la episiotomía con la presencia de dispareunia se encontró asociación significativa con la episiotomía medio-lateral (OR: 8,17; IC95%: 2,15-56,32), lesión del esfínter (OR: 7,32; IC95%: 4,86-12,75) y dehiscencia de la sutura (OR: 6,48; IC95%: 4,92-14,28). Se observaron como factores de riesgo: antecedente de endometriosis (OR: 11,6; IC95 %: 9,15-17,52), dolor pélvico crónico (OR: 3,56; IC95%: 2,21–6,32) e ITS (OR: 2,67; IC95%: 1,54–5,14), p=0,003). Se concluye que la prevalencia de dispareunia en mujeres con parto vaginal, atendidas en Armenia, varía en función de la realización de episiotomía, asociándose tanto a las complicaciones de esta como a otros antecedentes.
Factores deteriorantes de la calidad de vida en insuficiencia cardiaca: revisión integrativa
Authors: Molano-Barrera Diana , González-Consuegra Renata
Published: January 2021

La insuficiencia cardiaca es una enfermedad que aumenta la morbimortalidad, deteriora la calidad de vida de la persona que la padece e impacta negativamente en el sistema de salud. El propósito de esta revisión es explorar la literatura para determinar qué condiciones biopsicosociales del individuo pueden ser factores deteriorantes de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en esta población. Se realizó una revisión integrativa a partir de artículos publicados entre el 2014 y el 2018, en idioma español e inglés, los cuales se obtuvieron de la revisión de las bases de datos Ovid, Scopus, Scielo, Science direct, Redalyc, Lilacs, Dialnet y Pubmed, utilizando los descriptores de consulta Mesh: quality of life and heart failure. Se incluyeron en la revisión 24 artículos, en los cuales se identificaron 24 factores deteriorantes que fueron clasificados en las dimensiones biopsicosociales del individuo. Determinar la presencia de estos factores permite al profesional de salud obtener elementos claves para el establecimiento de un plan de atención individualizado que genere un impacto positivo en la condición de salud y en la calidad de vida de la persona. Esto exige un mayor desarrollo investigativo que permita conocer este fenómeno en el contexto colombiano y latinoamericano.
Probable trastorno de ansiedad generalizada en la pandemia COVID-19: valoración en médicos generales del Caribe colombiano
Authors: Monterrosa-Castro Álvaro , Buelvas-de-la-Rosa Camila , Ordosgoitia-Parra Estefana
Published: January 2021

La pandemia del COVID-19 es la más reciente en la historia de la humanidad, caracterizada por elevadas implicaciones en términos de mortalidad, morbilidad física y psicológica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar pensamientos, percepciones, sentimientos, subjetividades y actuaciones con referencia al desempeño médico y la pandemia del COVID-19, así como estimar su asociación con probables trastornos de ansiedad generalizada [TAG]. Se realizó un estudio transversal en médicos generales del Caribe colombiano, por medio de invitación y participación electrónica para diligenciar un formulario que contenía características sociodemográficas y 41 interrogantes sobre pensamientos, sentimientos, percepciones, subjetividades o actuaciones relacionadas con el COVID-19, tomadas de una lluvia de ideas sobre pandemias y salud mental. Se aplicó Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale [GAD-7] para identificar probable TAG. Se realizó regresión logística no ajustada. Participaron 294 médicos generales, 59,6% femeninas, el 83% laboraba en capitales de departamentos. El 38,4% presentó TAG y más de la mitad manifestó temor al COVID-19. A la presencia de TAG se asociaron los síntomas: estrés, nerviosismo, temor, cansancio, síntomas virales, incomodidad con respecto a la pandemia, decepción laboral y percepción de discriminación. A menor presencia de TAG se asociaron.
Stan biologiczny populacji ludzkich a przemiany środowiska społeczno-ekonomicznego
Authors: Siniarska Anna , Wolański Napoleon
Published: January 2021

Adaptation of life to the environment occurs at two levels - that of an individual and that of a population. In the first step of the process of adaptation variability is produced. It provides necessary material for the second step - selection. Variability is generated during the phylogeny, from one generation to the next. However, variability can also be generated during individual ontogeny at least by protective mechanisms of instinctive behaviors of animals and conscious cultural human actions. Variability originates from point mutations and chromosomal aberrations occurring during transmission of genetic material from generation to generation and through activation, or deactivation, of genes that alters their expression. This variability determines phenotypic differences among individuals. Variability thus produced is subjected to selection because how a phenotype is formed determines its ability to survive and to produce offspring. In human populations, adaptation occurs via biological and via cultural processes. Humans with their culture - especially medicine and social care - protect lives of individuals who otherwise would have been eliminated by natural selection.Hereditary differences among various geographic groups of modern people occur with low frequency - just a fraction of a percentage point. From observations of phenotypes it can be concluded that both structural alterations in the DNA and differences in gene expression cause variations, the majority of genes are inactive at various stages of ontogeny, while various portions of the genotype become active at different times in the life of an individual.Environment influences variation in three ways: (1) by causing mutations or by altering gene expression and (2) by providing conditions for the formation of a phenotype coded by a particular genotype and (3) as a factor of selection, including occurrence of cultural behaviors modifying effects of natural selection. It seems that the main aim of future research in human ecology should be search for the answer to following questions: 1. Can gene expression be changed during ontogeny? 2. To what extent such changes can be inherited? 3. To what extent is there an increase in the occurrence of genes that do not allow survival without special care (genetic load), and 4. How will all this influence future of our species?
Aksjologiczne podstawy integralnej ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego i ludzkiego
Authors: Bołoz Wojciech
Published: January 2021

Over the last few decades we have witnessed a significant change in human mentality and attitudes towards the natural environment and its protection, this change is accompanied by different axiological principles within which we can distinguish:• anthropocentric concept which places man in the center and grants him a privileged place amongst other species,• anti-anthropocentric concept which stresses the equality of all species and demands a reversal in humanistic orientation consolidated by European Enlightenment,• moderate anthropocentric concept which underlines human’s caring and a responsible role towards the ecosystem.As disturbances of ecological balance are the result of human actions and the sign of the cultural crisis, the necessity to protect the natural environment should be realized.  John Paul II was a supporter of the above. He referred to the integrated ecology, which combines the protection of the natural environment with the concern of the quality of human spirituality. Integrated ecology poses two demands:• all actions towards environmental protection should be understood as a means of confirming the respect of human personal dignity,• those actions which harm the natural environment and threaten man should be given up.
Environmental Ethics in Poland
Authors: Konstańczak Stefan
Published: January 2021

Prezentowany artykuł jest próbę oceny stanu etyki środowiskowej w Polsce. Zdaniem autora dyskusję na temat etyki środowiskowej w Polsce zapoczątkowano dopiero w burzliwym okresie transformacji społeczno-ustrojowej, jaka miała miejsce na przełomie lat osiemdziesiątych i dziewięćdziesiątych. W toczących się wówczas dyskusjach wskazywano też na swoistą inercję etyki polskiej, która wcześniej nie dostrzegała istniejących zagrożeń. Taka sytuacja spowodowała, iż pierwsze próby opracowania koncepcji rodzimej etyki środowiskowej nawiązywały wprost do opracowań, jakie powstały na Zachodzie. Autor wskazuje zwłaszcza na wpływy etyki anglosaskiej i niemieckiej.

Pierwszą próbę sformowania koncepcji etyki środowiska naturalnego podjęli przedstawiciele filozofii chrześcijańskiej. Cechą charakterystyczną dla refleksji nad etyką środowiskową w Polsce jest wyróżnieniem wielu stanowisk poznawczych, które wywodzone są z reguły od nazwiska ich twórców.

Etyka środowiskowa w Polsce mimo stosunkowo krótkiej historii zdążyła doczekać się rozbudowanego piśmiennictwa oraz ugruntowanej pozycji w życiu naukowym. Zyskuje także coraz więcej zwolenników czego dowodem są cykliczne konferencje naukowe organizowane przez różne ośrodki akademickie w Polsce.
Prawno-finansowe aspekty wykorzystania w Polsce odnawialnych źródeł energii w kontekście realizacji konstytucyjnej zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju
Authors: Rudnicki Maciej
Published: January 2021

The article describes the use renewable sources of energy particularly with regard to National Energy Policy in order to achieve good ecological results, principally through the reduction of the use of Greenhouse gases.
Wybrane problemy gospodarki wodnej w ujęciu holistycznym
Authors: Sandner Jan
Published: January 2021

The Author, in the article, discusses proper water management problems. He presents the primary causes resulting in the degradation of water relations in the form of regular occurrences of floods or dry spells in Europe. In the article, degradation of water relation problems taking place in our country is compared to those in Germany or Austria. He points to the need for systematic teaching of basic environmental subjects within the holistic concept constituting a tool in shaping pro-ecological consciousness.
Ekofilozofia i środowisko przyrodnicze
Authors: Hull Zbigniew
Published: January 2021

The article contains a semantic analysis of the terms of eco-philosophy, and discusses this theme widely as well as closely presenting the relation between a human being and the natural environment.
Environmental protection concept in holistic nature studies education
Authors: Sandner Jan
Published: January 2021

Artykuł jest próbę analizy procesu edukacji proekologicznej w świetle problematyki ochrony środowiska w UE na tle idei, reprezentowanych, przez takich filozofów i ekologów, jak: Forbes, Smuts, Tansley, Haeckel, Birge. Autor przedstawia ciekawy wywód prowadzący do zgoła innego spojrzenia na problematykę środowiska przyrodniczego. W swoim wywodzie podpiera się znanymi teoriami z pogranicza ekologii i filozofii, takimi jak: teoria rozwoju, poziomów integracji, czy synergizm. Autor porusza trudną problematykę z pogranicza różnych nauk, związaną z poznawaniem środowiska. Główną ideą autora jest podjęcie próby holistycznego podejścia do problemu edukacji przyrodniczej. Podejście to ma gwarantować lepsze rozumienie środowiska, poprzez uruchomienie nowej jakości w jego zarządzaniu i rozwiązywaniu narastających sytuacji kryzysowych w środowisku.
Edukacja środowiskowa w zadaniach rodziny
Authors: Grochowska Irena
Published: January 2021

Solutions to such an important problem as an ecological crisis should be sought to start with indicating reasons for such a situation. Contamination of the environment, using up the natural resources, changes in biodiversity of flora and fauna, and many other similar urgent problems are the effects of actions that lead to family, social, political, or economical structures, or also lack of specified aim or sense in life, the basis for all these structures is nevertheless the family and it can be easily said the family crisis is the beginning of the crisis in other areas of human life also an ecological crisis. It is important in bringing up and environmental education to prepare for coexistence with nature and to respect humans’ habitat. Creative companionship with young people in the road which they should take from the moment of conception to the moment of achieving an integrated personality, such that in the practice of everyday life he would realize through his motivated posture “mature ecological outlook on life“ starts with the family and cooperation with others. Personal growing up of human beings takes place not in isolation but in cooperation with others.
Rola katechety w rozwoju duchowym wychowanka
Authors: Gałązka Włodzimierz
Published: January 2021

Streszczenie nie jest dostępne.
Recent Advances on Immunosuppressive Drugs and Remyelination Enhancers for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Cadenas-Fernández Jennifer , Ahumada-Pascual Pablo , Andreu Luis Sanz , Velasco Ana
Published: January 2021

Mammalian nervous systems depend crucially on myelin sheaths covering the axons. In the central
nervous system, myelin sheaths consist of lipid structures that are generated from the membrane of oligodendrocytes
(OL). These sheaths allow fast nerve transmission, protect axons and provide them metabolic support. In
response to specific traumas or pathologies, these lipid structures can be destabilized and generate demyelinating
lesions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an example of a demyelinating disease in which the myelin sheaths surrounding
the nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord are damaged. MS is the leading cause of neurological disability
in young adults in many countries, and its incidence has been increasing in recent decades. Related to its
etiology, it is known that MS is an autoimmune and inflammatory CNS disease. However, there are no effective
treatments for this disease and the immunomodulatory therapies that currently exist have proven limited
success since they only delay the progress of the disease. Nowadays, one of the main goals in MS research is to
find treatments which allow the recovery of neurological disabilities due to demyelination. To this end, different
approaches, such as modulating intracellular signaling or regulating the lipid metabolism of OLs, are being
considered. Here, in addition to immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs that reduce the immune response
against myelin sheaths, we review a diverse group of drugs that promotes endogenous remyelination in
MS patients and their use may be interesting as potential therapeutic agents in MS disease. To this end, we
compile specific treatments against MS that are currently in the market with remyelination strategies that have
entered into human clinical trials for future reparative MS therapies. The method used in this study is a systematic
literature review on PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases up to May 31, 2020. To narrow
down the search results in databases, more specific keywords, such as “myelin sheath”, “remyelination”, “demyelination”,
“oligodendrocyte” and “lipid synthesis” were used to focus the search. We preferred papers published
after January 2015, but did not exclude earlier seminal papers.
Mental Health Problems Experienced by Patients with Rheumatic Diseases During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Adnine Anass , Nadiri Khawla , Soussan Ilias , Coulibaly Siriman , Berrada Khadija , Najdi Adil , Abourazzak Fatima E.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Patients with rheumatic diseases are more likely to suffer from anxiety, depression
and insomnia. Yet, little is known about mental health status during COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective :

This study aims to measure the prevalence of mental health disorders among patients with rheumatic diseases in the era of COVID-19 pandemic and to determine potential risk factors for major symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in participants.

Methods:

Participants with rheumatic diseases were asked to complete a questionnaire using a telephonic interview. Sociodemographic and rheumatic disease characteristics were recorded. Mental health status was assessed by the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)-7, and insomnia severity index (ISI) questionnaires to detect depression, anxiety and insomnia symptoms, respectively.

Results :

We included 307 patients in the survey. Rheumatoid arthritis was the most frequent diagnosis
(55%). Of all participants, 7.5% had known depression and 5.5% known anxiety. Mental
health disorders were insomnia (34.9%), anxiety (33.2%), and depression (24.4%). Major symptoms
of insomnia, anxiety, and depression were noted in respectively, 19.9%, 12.4%, and 7.8% of
participants. Risk factors for major insomnia were male gender (OR= 4.36, 95% CI 2.06 to 9.25;
p<0.0001), low socioeconomic status (OR= 2.64, 95% CI 1.44 - 4.83; p<0.002) and having rheumatoid
arthritis (OR= 2.00, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.84; p<0.036). Major anxiety was associated with low
monthly income (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.01; p<0.026), and higher Numerical Rating Scale
(NRS) of pain (OR=1.795, 95% CI 1.074 to 2.994 ; p<0.026). Major depression was associated
with the worsening of rheumatic disease (OR=1.86, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.26; p<0.03).

Conclusions :

A high frequency of undiagnosed depression, anxiety and insomnia symptoms was found in rheumatic patients. Rheumatologists should be aware of these comorbidities, especially in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.
Fatty Acids Evaluation by Principal Component Analysis for the Traceability of Sicilian and Calabrian Olive Oils
Authors: Caridi Francesco , Mottese Antonio F. , Messina Maurizio , D'Agostino Maurizio
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives:

In this article, a comprehensive study was carried out for
Sicilian and Calabrian olive oils authenticity evaluation through chemometric analyses, correlating
botanical and geographical origins with the samples' chemical composition.

Methods:

A total of eighteen Sicilian and Calabrian (southern Italy) olive oil samples were analyzed
through gas chromatography (GC).

Results:

The fatty acids concentration in the investigated samples followed the subsequent order:
oleic (C18:1) > palmitic (C16) > linoleic (C18:2) > stearic (C18) > palmitoleic (C16:1) > linoleic (C18:3).
The 2D Scatterplot (Principal Component Analysis) showed that, among the analyzed oils, six clusters
stand out, which seem to consistently group samples in relation to the cultivars and cultivation
areas that share the territorial proximity (same province).

Conclusions:

Experimental results demonstrated that it is possible to strictly relate, through the
PCA, olive oils to their geographical and botanical provenance, thus becoming a useful tool for
evaluating product authenticity and guaranteeing it to the consumers.
An Alternative “Trojan Horse” Hypothesis for COVID-19: Immune Deficiency
of IL-10 and SARS-CoV-2 Biology
Authors: Balzanelli Mario Giosuè , Distratis Pietro , Aityan Sergey K. , Amatulli Felice , Catucci Orazio , Cefalo Angelo , De Michele Antonia , Dipalma Gianna , Inchingolo Francesco , Lazzaro Rita , Nguyen Kieu Cao Diem , Palazzo Davide , Tampoia Marilina , Pham Van Hung , Santacroce Luigi , Isacco Ciro Gargiulo
Published: January 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a challenge for emergency
care units worldwide due to the large numbers of patients, the scarcity of information, the medical
resources, and the uncertainty regarding the disease's etiology and pathogenesis. The transmission
of the virus and a probable post-pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 will depend on how deep this disease,
the duration of immunity and the degree of cross immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and other
pathogens either bacteria or fungi can be understood. Most mortalities have been related to an atypical
pneumonia consisted of a sudden worsening of general condition of the admitted positive
COVID-19 patients. The severe thromboembolism, often characterized by violent pulmonary and
systemic complications, have been described with a blend of inflammatory-infectious patterns that
rapidly shifted into a typical systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or into an acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS) that eventually concluded into a multi-organ failure (MOF) and
death. The fatality rate reported in our Covid-19 structure, SG Moscati Hospital of Taranto
province in Italy, was higher in elderly male people with preexisting chronic pulmonary disease
(COPD), patients with cancer and preexisting cardio-vascular diseases (CVD). We assumed a different
theoretical position to clarify the higher mortality seen among those patients that was not as
obvious as it appeared, we thus offered different pathophysiological picture that could help to recent
solutions in therapy and prevention.
ProgNet: COVID-19 Prognosis Using Recurrent and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Fakhfakh Mohamed , Bouaziz Bassem , Gargouri Faiez , Chaari Lotfi
Published: January 2021

Aims:

Prognosis of lung mathology severity after Covid-19 infection using chest X-ray time series

Background:

We have been inspired by methods analysing time series of images in remote sensing for change detection. During the current Covid-19 pandemic, our motivation is to provide an automatic tool to predict severity of lung pathologies due to Covid-19. This can be done by analysing images of the same patient acquired at different dates. Since no analytical model is available, and also no accurate quantification tools can be used due to many unknowns about the pathology, feature-free methods are good candidates to analyse such temporal images.

Objective:

This contribution helps improving performances of medical structures facing the Covid-19 pandemic. The first impact is medical and social since more lives could be saved with a 92% rate of good prognosis. In addition to that, patients in intensive care units (up to 15%) could a posteriori suffer from less sequels due to an early and accurate prognosis of their PP. Moreover, accurate prognosis can lead to a better planning of patient’s transfer between units and hospitals, which is linked to the second claimed economical impact. Indeed, prognosis is linked to lower treatment costs due to an optimized predictive protocol using ragiological prognosis.

Methods:

Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in combination with Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). Spatial and temporal features are combines to analyse image time series. A prognosis score is delivered indicating the severity of the pathology. Learning is made on a publicly available database.

Results:

When applied to radiological time-series, promising results are obtained with an accuracy rates higher than 92%. Sensitivity and specificity rates are also very interesting.

Conclusion:

Our method is segmentation-free, which makes it competitive with respect to other assessment methods relying on time-consuming lung segmentation algorithms. When applied on radiographic data, the proposed ProgNet architecture showed promising results with good classification performances, especially for ambiguous cases. Specifically, the reported low false positive rates are interesting for an accurate and personalised care workflow.
Development and Optimization of Mirabegron Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as an Oral Drug Delivery for Overactive Bladder
Authors: Raut Prajakta , Gambhire Makarand , Panchal Dhruvi , Gambhire Vaishali
Published: January 2021

Background:

Mirabegron (MBN), a β-3 adrenergic agent, is used in the treatment of
overactive bladder. MBN has alow water solubility, high first-pass metabolism, and low bioavailability,
consequently having poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

Objective:

The present study is intended to formulate Mirabegron-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
(MBN-SLN) coated with PEG-400 to bypass hepatic first-pass metabolism and to improve its oral
bioavailability.

Methods:

MBN-SLNs were developed using glyceryl monostearate by pre-emulsion-ultrasonication
method, which was then optimized applying Box-Behnken Design. The optimized batch of
MBN-SLN was selected for surface-modification with PEG-400 (MBN-PEG-SLN) and characterized
by photon correlation spectroscopy, DSC, and XRD. Bioavailability studies were conducted in
Wistar rats after oral administration of plain MBN dispersion, MBN-SLN, and MBN-PEG-SLN.

Results:

Stable MBN-SLNs and MBN-PEG-SLN of the optimized batch having a mean particle
size of 162.7 nm and 149.9 nm; zeta potential of -39.1 mV and -30.9 mV; % entrapment of 89.90%
and 90.12%, respectively, were developed. The results of the in vitro drug release studies demonstrated
a significant slow release of MBN from MBN-SLN (69.38%) and MBN-PEG-SLN (61.33%)
as compared to the dispersion of pure drug (92.10%). The relative bioavailability, as a result of the
in vivo studies, of MBN from MBN-PEG-SLN increased by 2-fold, based on the Cmax values, in
comparison with the plain MBN dispersion.

Conclusion:

Thus, the study established that the oral bioavailability of MBN could be improved by
the administration of MBN-PEG-SLN. The obtained results indicate SLNs as a potential drug delivery
system for improving the bioavailability of poorly bioavailable drugs such as MBN by abating
the first-pass metabolism.
Optimization of Aqueous Extraction of the Australian Maroon Bush (Scaevola Spinescens R. Br.) to Maximize Bioactive Compound and Antioxidant Yield
Authors: Nguyen Kien Q. , Scarlett Christopher J. , Vuong Quan V.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Scaevola spinescens is an endemic Australian shrub that is linked to various health benefits and traditionally used as medicine by decoction. To date, the extraction efficiency of the plant under various conditions has not been well understood. This study aimed to optimize aqueous extraction conditions of S. spinescens, for maximum extraction of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and saponins, as well as antioxidant activities.

Methods:

Response surface methodology was used to determine the influence of four independent parameters including temperature, time, sample-to-water ratio and pH. The optimal ranges of temperature (60-90 °C), time (30-60 min), sample-to-water ratio (2-6 g/100 mL) and pH (3-7) were determined in preliminary experiments. Following assessment and optimization of the response surface methodology models, validation experiments were conducted to compare predicted and experimental values.

Results :

The RSM models showed that extraction temperature, time and sample-to-water ratio significantly affected total phenolic compound yields. Extraction temperature and time significantly affected flavonoid yields, while only sample-to-water ratio significantly affected saponin yields. Optimal conditions for extraction were determined to be: 90 ºC, 53 min, 2:100 (g/mL), and pH of 4.5, if saponins are the target compounds for extraction. For phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity, a higher sample-to-water ratio of 6:100 (g/mL) is recommended.

Conclusion:

Response surface methodology proved to be a reliable method for predicting yields of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in S. spinescens. These findings can be used for efficient decoction by practitioners and end users, or by researchers for further isolation and purification of bioactive compounds from S. spinescens extracts.
Air Conditioning Load Prediction of an Office Building Based on Long
Short Term Memory Neural Network
Authors: Zhuang Mengxiang , Zhu Qixin
Published: January 2021

Background:

Energy conservation has always been a major issue in our country, and
the air conditioning energy consumption of buildings accounts for the majority of the energy
consumption of buildings. If the building load can be predicted and the air conditioning equipment
can respond in advance, it can not only save energy but also extend the life of the equipment.

Introduction:

The neural network proposed in this paper can deeply analyze the load
characteristics through three gate structures, which helps improving the prediction accuracy.
Combined with the grey relational degree method, the prediction speed can be accelerated.

Method:

This paper introduces a grey relational degree method to analyze the factors related to air
conditioning load and selects the best ones. A Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network
(LSTMNN) prediction model was established. In this paper, grey relational analysis and LSTMNN
are combined to predict the air conditioning load of an office building, and the predicted results are
compared with the real values.

Results:

Compared with the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) prediction model and
Support Vector Machine (SVM) prediction model, the simulation results show that this method has
a better effect on air conditioning load prediction.

Conclusion:

Grey relational degree analysis can extract the main factors from the numerous data,
which is more convenient and quicker without repeated trial and error. LSTMNN prediction model
not only considers the relation of air conditioning load on time series but also considers the
nonlinear relation between load and other factors. This model has higher prediction accuracy,
shorter prediction time, and great application potential.
Factors Affecting the Auditory Working Memory of the Elderly
Authors: Kim KyooSang , Lee Jae Hee , Bahng Junghwa
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Working memory is a major factor in language processing but, together with communication skills, it may become diminished during aging. This study was designed to determine individual differences in working memory in an elderly population according to auditory factors.Methods: Individuals older than 60 years of age and living in Seoul, Korea, were administered auditory, cognitive function, and working memory tests. Cognitive function was measured using the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination.Results: Working memory scored significantly higher as the average hearing and high-pitched hearing thresholds were better. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the factors that significantly affected working memory were average hearing threshold, high-frequency hearing threshold, cognitive function, and educational background.Conclusion: It can be seen that working memory is a problem of cognitive function and hearing threshold rather than the age of the elderly group. Cognitive function in the elderly group is complex with educational background, but is an independent factor with hearing, and is considered to be the main factor influencing working memory in relation to speech recognition.