bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Function of Infants Breastfed by Mothers with Graves Disease Treated with Inorganic Iodine: A Study of 100 Cases
Authors: Hamada Katsuhiko , Mizokami Tetsuya , Maruta Tetsushi , Higashi Kiichiro , Konishi Kaoru , Momotani Naoko , Tajiri Junichi
Published: November 2020

Context

We previously reported that inorganic iodine therapy in lactating women with Graves disease (GD) did not affect the thyroid function in 25 of 26 infants despite their exposure to excess iodine via breast milk.

Objective

To further assess thyroid function in infants nursed by mothers with GD treated with inorganic iodine.

Design

Case series

Setting

Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Japan

Participants

One hundred infants of lactating mothers with GD treated with potassium iodide (KI) for thyrotoxicosis

Main Outcome Measures

Infant blood thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were measured by the filter paper method. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as TSH ≥10 μIU/mL and ≥5 μIU/mL in infants aged <6 and ≥6 months, respectively.

Results

Overall, 210 blood samples were obtained from 100 infants. The median infant age was 5 (range, 0-23) months; median maternal KI dose, 50 (4-100) mg/day; median blood TSH level, 2.7 (0.1-12.3) μIU/mL; and median blood FT4 level, 1.04 (0.58-1.94) ng/dL. Blood TSH level was normal in 88/100 infants. Twelve infants had subclinical hypothyroidism; among them, blood TSH levels normalized after maternal KI withdrawal or stopping breastfeeding in 3 infants. In 7 infants, blood TSH levels normalized during KI administration without stopping breastfeeding. Two infants could not be followed up.

Conclusion

In Japan, inorganic iodine therapy for lactating women with GD did not affect thyroid function in most of the infants. Approximately 10% of infants had mild subclinical hypothyroidism, but blood TSH level normalized during continued or after discontinuing iodine exposure in all followed up infants.
Contesting Big Brother
Authors: Godden Mason
Published: November 2020

In 1978, over 200 textile workers affiliated with Local 560 of the Canadian Textile and Chemical Union went on strike at Puretex Knitting Company, a small garment factory in Toronto, Ontario. Of the strikers, 190 were immigrant women who opposed management’s installation of nine security cameras on the premises, one of which was trained on the entrance to the women’s washroom. To have the cameras removed and win the strike, Local 560 used a combination of traditional strike tactics and legal mobilization. This article makes a case for the significance of the Puretex strike by arguing that workplace surveillance acted as a flashpoint around which feminist and legal allies could mobilize in support of exploited immigrant women in the textile industry during the 1970s. By the strike’s end, the Puretex women had not only gained invaluable and transformative strike experience but engaged with industrial legality and the state in a way that brought about meaningful change in their workplace. The Puretex strike is therefore a significant case of immigrant women’s militant organizing in the labour and feminist movements during the 1970s and an important reminder that engagement with industrial law and the state, in certain historical contexts, can provide avenues for successful worker resistances.

 

En 1978, plus de 200 travailleurs du textile affiliés à la section locale 560 du Syndicat canadien du textile et de la chimie se sont mis en grève à Puretex Knitting Company, une petite usine de confection à Toronto, en Ontario. Parmi les grévistes, 190 étaient des immigrantes qui se sont opposées à l’installation par la direction de neuf caméras de sécurité sur les lieux, dont l’une a été mise à l’entrée des toilettes pour femmes. Pour faire retirer les caméras et gagner la grève, la section locale 560 a utilisé une combinaison de tactiques de grève traditionnelles et de mobilisation légale. Cet article démontre l’importance de la grève de Puretex en affirmant que la surveillance du lieu de travail a agi comme un point d’éclair autour duquel les alliées féministes et juridiques pouvaient se mobiliser pour soutenir les immigrantes exploitées dans l’industrie textile au cours des années 1970. À la fin de la grève, les femmes de Puretex avaient non seulement acquis une expérience de grève inestimable et transformatrice, mais elles se sont engagées dans la légalité industrielle et l’État d’une manière qui a entraîné des changements significatifs sur leur lieu de travail. La grève de Puretex est donc un cas significatif d’organisation militante des femmes immigrées dans les mouvements ouvriers et féministes au cours des années 1970 et un rappel important que l’engagement avec le droit du travail et l’État, dans certains contextes historiques, peut fournir des pistes pour des résistances ouvrières fructueuses.
Synchronization-free top-down illumination photometric stereo imaging using light-emitting diodes and a mobile device
Authors: Le Francois Emma , Herrnsdorf Johannes , McKendry Jonathan J. D. , Broadbent Laurence , Wright Glynn , Dawson Martin D. , Strain Michael J.
Published: November 2020

Three dimensional reconstruction of objects using a top-down illumination photometric stereo imaging setup and a hand-held mobile phone device is demonstrated. By employing binary encoded modulation of white light-emitting diodes for scene illumination, this method is compatible with standard lighting infrastructure and can be operated without the need for temporal synchronization of the light sources and camera. The three dimensional reconstruction is robust to unmodulated background light. An error of 2.69 mm is reported for an object imaged at a distance of 42 cm and with the dimensions of 48 mm. We also demonstrate the three dimensional reconstruction of a moving object with an effective off-line reconstruction rate of 25 fps.
Quantitative assessment of linear noise-reduction filters for spectroscopy
Authors: Le Long V. , Kim Young D. , Aspnes David E.
Published: November 2020

Linear noise-reduction filters used in spectroscopy must strike a balance between reducing noise and preserving lineshapes, the two conflicting requirements of interest. Here, we quantify this tradeoff by capitalizing on Parseval’s Theorem to cast two measures of performance, mean-square error (MSE) and noise, into reciprocal- (Fourier-) space (RS). The resulting expressions are simpler and more informative than those based in direct- (spectral-) space (DS). These results provide quantitative insight not only into the effectiveness of different linear filters, but also information as to how they can be improved. Surprisingly, the rectangular (“ideal” or “brick wall”) filter is found to be nearly optimal, a consequence of eliminating distortion in low-order Fourier coefficients where the major fraction of spectral information is contained. Using the information provided by the RS version of MSE, we develop a version that is demonstrably superior to the brick-wall and also the Gauss-Hermite filter, its former nearest competitor.
Deep-subwavelength spoof magnetic localized surface plasmon waveguiding over arbitrary bending angles
Authors: Fu Tao , Liu Xingxing , Xiao Gongli , Sun Tangyou , Li Haiou
Published: November 2020

A deep-subwavelength metal spiral structure (MSS) waveguide with arbitrary bending angles was proposed and demonstrated to propagate magnetic localized surface plasmons (MLSPs) in theoretical, simulated and experimental ways. The uniform coupling strengths and frequencies for adjacent MSSs with different azimuthal angles represent a significant advancement in the development of structures supporting MLSPs over arbitrary bending angles. The consistency among spectra, dispersion, and field distributions for five MSSs indicates that backward propagation of MLSPs over arbitrary bending angles is possible. In addition, a long S-chain consisting of adjacent MSSs at various angles holds promise for applications involving long-distance MLSPs waveguides.
Generalized Schell-model sources
Authors: Mei Zhangrong
Published: November 2020

We evaluate the modes for generalized Schell-model planar source whose complex degree of coherence (CDC) is a function of the n-th power difference of two position coordinates instead of their direct distance between two source points. We discuss through two examples how new classes of CDCs can be devised and how they affect the radiation fields. It is demonstrated that the light beams generated by these families of sources carry interesting propagation characteristics, such as the lateral self-shifting and the self-focusing effect with controllable focal length determined by the non-trivial phase, power n and other source parameters.
Rates and Predictors of Undergoing Different Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening Tests in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Kim Nicole J. , Jacob David A. , Ioannou George N. , John Binu V. , Rogal Shari , Rozenberg-Ben-Dror Karine
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:

We aimed to assess rates and predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening among patients with cirrhosis.

METHODS:

We reviewed electronic health records of 11,361 patients with cirrhosis from 11 U.S. Veterans Health Administration facilities for receipt of HCC screening in the 6 months preceding October 1, 2019.

RESULTS:

Nearly half of the cohort (46%) received HCC screening over a 6-month period. Screening rates and modalities (ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, serum alpha fetoprotein) varied by facility. Screening was associated with race/ethnicity, body mass index ≥ 25, cirrhosis etiology, thrombocytopenia, Fibrosis-4 ≥ 3.25, and lower Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium.

DISCUSSION:

HCC screening rates varied by facility. Higher risk patients were more likely to receive screening.
PERKAWINAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILOSOFIS HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Musyafah Aisyah Ayu
Published: November 2020

Islam disyariatkan hanya untuk memberikan kemaslahatan kepada seluruh manusia dan menghindari dari kemudharatan. Salah satu petunjuk Allah dalam syariat islam adalah diperintahkannya menikah dan diharamkannya berzinah. Perintah kawin merupakan salah satu implementasi dari Al-Maqasyid Al-Khamsah yaitu hifzhul nasl. Tulisan ini untuk menggambarkan pemahaman tentang apa itu perkawinan,rukun dan syarat perkawinan, hukum  perkawinan serta bagaimana pencatatan perkawinan dan hak keperdataan istri dan anak. Melalui tema ini berusaha untuk diuraikan. Adapun kesimpulan yang dapat dirumuskan perkawinan adalah suatu perjanjian suci antara seorang pria dan perempuan untuk membangun rumah tangga yang bahagia. Dan sah apabila telah memenuhi rukun dan syarat. Dimana Hukum dalam perkawinan ada 5 yaitu wajib, sunnah, makruh, mubah, dan haram. Dan perkawinan yang baik itu dicatatkan disertai pembuktiannya dengan akta nikah sehingga akan mendatangkan maslahat untuk pihak istri dan keturunannya.
KOMPABILITAS PENERAPAN KONSEP OMNIBUS LAW DALAM SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA
Authors: Cakra I Putu Eka , Sulistyawan Aditya Yuli
Published: November 2020

Pembentukan peraturan perundang undangan dalam suatu negara tidak dapat dilepaskan dari sistem hukum yang dianut oleh negara tersebut. Gagasan penerapan sistem Omnibus Law dalam sistem hukum Indonesia menjadi persoalan tersendiri mengingat dalam sistem hukum Indonesia selama ini tidak mengenal konsep Omnibus sehingga gagasan penerapan metode Omnibus Law dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang undangan di Indonesia menjadi permasalahan apakah metode ini dapat digunakan atau tidak. Tulisan ini hendak menggali kompabilitas penerapan Omnibus Law di dalam sistem pembentukan peraturan perundangan Indonesia. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa bahwa untuk penerapan konsep Omnibus Law, pada dasarnya perlu dilakukan sebuah tranplantasi hukum yang meliputi reception in law dan reception in society, perlu juga dilakukannya partisipasi dan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, serta pengharmonisasian yang menyeluruh di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan.
SUCCESS STORY TO ERADICATE THE MARINE POLLUTION IN INTERNATIONAL STRAIT OR STRAIT FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Authors: Hananto Pulung Widhi Hari , Prananda Rahandy Riski
Published: November 2020

Marine pollution has a significant impact on the waters of the coastal states, especially in the strait routes used for international trade. The traffic density of large ships which is not proportional to the wide geographical conditions, makes the Strait of Malacca a potential area that is prone to high marine pollution. This article aims to examine the use of the Marine Electronic Highway in the Malacca Strait and the success story which is applied to the territorial waters of other countries that have the same conditions. The results of the study show that in the Dover strait region, the French and British Governments are collaborating by investing in infrastructure to regulate the navigation of these areas. Meanwhile, at The Torres Straits, the Australian Government implemented a Pilotage policy by requiring ships passing through to pay a maintenance fee of 3% for the conservation of the waterways and security zones. However, the Indonesian and Malaysian governments had to negotiate beforehand to determine the delimitation of their respective maritime boundaries in Malacca Straits.
Differential Pulse Voltammetry Study for Quantitative Determination of Dysprosium (III) in Acetonitrile Solution
Authors: Wyantuti Santhy , Pratomo Uji , Shauvina Shauvina A , Hartati Yeni Wahyuni , Bahti Husein Hernandi
Published: November 2020

Dysprosium has gained global interest due to its key application in renewable technology, such as wind power technology. The presence of this rare earth element (REE) can be determined by several spectroscopic methods. Recently, a voltammetry method has provided an alternative method for the simple and fast detection of REEs. However, to the best of our knowledge, this experiment is usually carried out in an aqueous solvent, and the response of the REE in an organic solvent by the voltammetry method has rarely been investigated. In this research, the quantitative detection of dysprosium and dysprosium mixtures with samarium, europium and gadolinium in acetonitrile is reported by differential pulse voltammetry. A Box-Behnken design was applied to predict the optimum condition of the measurements. Three factors, namely potential deposition, deposition time and amplitude modulation, were found to significantly influence the signal under optimal conditions, which are -1.0 V, 83.64 s and 0.0929 V, respectively. The surface characterization of dysprosium deposited on a Pt surface shows better deposition under 100% acetonitrile compared to a lower concentration of acetonitrile. The evaluation in this study shows a detection limit of 0.6462 mg•L-1 and a quantitation limit of 2.1419 mg•L-1, with a precision value and recovery value of 99.97% and 93.62%, respectively.
WHY SMART LEADERS ARE IMPORTANT IN SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT – A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Daniel Chun Jung Yue , Abdul Wahid Nabsiah , Tan Cheng Ling
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of leadership attributes and activities play on the alliance firm performance in smart city developments. It also highlights an overview of the growing phenomena in the smart city and sustainability development. This paper suggests the importance for business leaders to actively volunteer and lead alliance firm in promoting the smart city and sustainability development through organizing various activities to seek for new business growth. The paper provides a leadership perspective to evaluate non-profit alliance firm in smart city and sustainability development. This justifies the importance of leadership attributes and activities towards the non-profit alliance firm performance and a conceptual framework has been presented. It provides a highly original look at exploring the leadership and firm’s perspective of the contemporary development of the smart city. This paper further suggests the need to conduct more research in the leadership attributes and activities in smart city leadership.
REJUVENATING THE MARKETING MIX THROUGH NEUROMARKETING TO CULTIVATE THE GREEN CONSUMER
Authors: Mohd Isa Salmi , Mansor Aida Azlina
Published: November 2020

In the 21st century, the growth of environmentally friendly products caught attention primarily from both consumers and companies. One of the most interesting trends is consumers’ growing environmental conscience and social impacts of the products they buy. The preference for green products is clearly increasing. Consumers want to act green, but they expect businesses to lead the way. However, many companies experienced problems to understand the consumers’ decision-making process. Consumers are equally confused when they do not quite understand how to act on their greener impulses. Many attempts to label green products are meaningless at best and mystifying at worst. In other words, companies must move customers through the entire purchasing process—from being aware of eco-friendly products to consider their pros and cons, to paying for the products. Due to this issue, a significant advancement of neuroscience has resulted in the emergence of neuromarketing, which provides a better understanding of how subconscious minds react in everyday situations, especially in marketing activities. This new concept brings powerful insights and techniques into marketing research, especially on consumers’ behaviour analysis. In this view, this study looks at the growing field of neuromarketing and aims to explore consumers’ subconscious minds by examining the effectiveness of the marketing mix on consumers’ decision-making process. This study employed Event-related Potential (ERP) and Eye Tracking (ET) to examine consumers’ subconscious minds towards the main component of the marketing mix during the decision-making process. A laboratory experiment employed twenty-two volunteers to take part in the study. The results revealed that price and promotion elements are the key attributes which consumers consider in purchasing a green product. Thus, neuromarketing can reconfigure and improve conventional theories of marketing. This evidence offers a new marketing opportunity for marketers to improvise their marketing strategy and thus, increase their sales growth.
BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM ADOPTION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF TWO DECADES
Authors: Chi Tin Wong , Mahmud Imran
Published: November 2020

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in recent years has greatly improved humans’ quality of life and promoted Information Systems (IS) development progress. Business Intelligence (BI) system is one of the tools in the field of IS which obtained benefits from the development of AI. The adoption of BI can enhance the competitive aspect of a business organization in today’s highly competitive business environment and play an important role in determining a business organization’s success. However, literature shows that the adoption rate of the BI system is low and it is predicted that the adoption rate will not increase a lot in near future. Prior research studies paid less attention in a comprehensive study that review research articles related to BI system adoption in regard to discuss the issues and research gaps. There is an absence of a clear agenda or roadmap in the research area of BI adoption. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize and analyze research studies of BI adoption in the past two decades, identify the major theories that researchers have used to predict the adoption of BI, and summarize key antecedents that influence the adoption of BI. This study reviewed 44 research articles published on the adoption of BI between the year 2000 and the first quarter of 2020. The findings first indicate that the analysis of BI adoption literature is not comprehensive enough. Researchers in the past two decades commonly rely on TAM and its modifications to measure the adoption of BI. The finding also indicates that there are limited research studies on the negative stimulus of BI adoption. This study proposes the agenda for continued research in the area of BI adoption that targets identified gaps in the literature.
ECONOMIC GROWTH, URBANISATION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED ASEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Seng Huat Tan , Meenchee Hong , Chan Tze-Haw
Published: November 2020

Climate change is considered as the most severe and urgent environmental issue in this present era. There is a clear consensus that the climate change problem is much related to the rising level of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. The link between economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions was examined extensively in the literature. Fas-paced economic growth will advance urbanization in a country and result in higher energy consumption to meet various needs in an urban economy. This conditions will trigger more carbon emissions and generate more pollution problem. This paper aims to discuss and compare the growth pattern of economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions between five selected ASEAN countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam for the period 1990-2018. All these five countries have recorded at least 4% economic growth rate in the year 2018. In the same period, Indonesia has the largest in term of total value added in manufacturing. Similarly, Vietnam has the largest growth of value-added in the same industry. Among all, Indonesia has the largest urban population whilst Malaysia has the highest rate in urbanization and carbon emissions per capita. The upward trend of urban population and carbon emissions per capita in these countries exhibit certain pressures and challenges to the countries’ environmental quality. Therefore, the government in these countries should pay attention to environmental governance to achieve sustainable urbanization while prioritizing economic growth.
THE INNOVATIVE ROLES OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AS A MODERATOR IN CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE MODEL FOR MALAYSIA-ORIGIN FASHION BRANDS’ BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Hashim Siti Fatimah , Mohd. Tajuddin Rosita , Zainol Amer Shakir
Published: November 2020

Community Engagement (CE) is investigated in this study as a moderator on whether it can innovatively strengthen the Consumer Perspective Model (CPM) or the opposite, in order to build Strong Brand Equity (SBE) for Malaysia-Origin Fashion Brands’ (MOFBs) business sustainability. CE has been stated to have significant impacts especially through electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) on sustainable advantage. CPM is a strategic brand management model adapted from Consumer-based Brand Equity (CBBE) (Keller, 1993) with Independent Variables (IVs) of Brand Awareness (BA), Brand Image (BI) and Purchase Intention (PI) to predict Dependent Variable (DV) of SBE building for MOFBs like Padini, Vinci, Polo Haus, Variante and others that have low equity to win over international rivals (IRs) such as H&M, ZARA, Mango, Uniqlo and others, due to consumers switching their brand preferences. CE provides a good eWOM platform for a consumer-brand relationship, thus, would turn commercial content moderation to financial outgrowth in its moderating effects together with Brand Loyalty (BL) as a mediating variable. The study employed a non-probability convenient sampling technique with the success response rate of 29.7% where 798 datasets were run through data screening procedures for further statistical analysis in SEM-PLS. A quantitative research method by using SPSS version 25 and SmartPLS version 3.2.8 on 6 constructs and 17 latent variables was employed too. The findings showed that Brand Loyalty has full mediating effects. CE was found to weaken the relationships between IVs and DV, thus, insignificantly affecting the innovative roles as a moderator variable. Overall, MOFBs are perceived as having low equity in the marketplace. Therefore, different consumers’ perspectives to successfully build SBE are needed. Particularly, more comprehensive and innovative roles of CE in eWOM interactivities can contribute to business sustainability.
Gastric cancer in East Azerbaijan, Iran: Five-year survival analysis of population-based cancer registry results
Authors: Jabbaripour Pooneh , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Abdolahi Hossein Mashhadi , Dolatkhah Roya
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Gastric cancer is the most common cancer with significant increasing trends during the last decade in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic profile of gastric cancer along with gastric cancer-specific survival analysis.

Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study in which all gastric cancer data were analyzed using the database of the East Azerbaijan Population-Based Cancer Registry (EA-PBCR). The incidents of definitive gastric cancer diagnosis were between the period of March 20th, 2015 to March 19th, 2017 ( = 3 Iranian solar years). The survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and life tables for 1- to 5-year survival data. The Log-rank test and Cox regression were computed to test the equality of survival function and mortality hazard.

Results: Overall, 2,631 newly diagnosed gastric cancer cases were registered for 3 years. Gastric cancer was 2.35 times more common in men than women. The most common age group was the 7th decade- with 531 (31.2%) gastric cancer cases. Most of the gastric cancer cases were non-cardia (n = 2,244, 85.29%) cancer, and the proportion of non-cardia to cardia gastric cancer was 5.8:1. Overall survival was 60.1%, and 1- to 5-year survival proportions were 91.61%, 64.21%, 58.53%, 30.14% and 24.77%, respectively. Cardia cancers had a worse survival rate than non-cardia cancers, and the hazard of mortality was 1.33 times higher in cardia than non-cardia cancers (hazard ratio or HR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.05 - 1.68; P = 0.017).

Conclusion: Non-cardia gastric cancer is still the most dominant subsite in East Azerbaijan, Iran. There was a higher 1- to 5- year survival proportion in East Azerbaijan, with lower overall mortality rates, compared to other regions of Iran.
A atuação de magistrados/as paulistas diante da oitiva de crianças vítimas de violência sexual intrafamiliar
Authors: Roque Eliana Mendes de Souza Teixeira , Carlos Diene Monique , Salzedas Patrícia Lopes , Ferriani Maria das Graças Carvalho
Published: November 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a percepção dos/as juízes de direito quanto a oitiva da criança vítima de violência sexual intrafamiliar, tendo por base teórica o contexto ecológico de desenvolvimento humano. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 12 juízes de duas comarcas do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Para a coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação livre. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da análise de conteúdo. Emergiu a categoria empírica "Falta de preparo", evidenciando um modelo jurídico pontuado pela estatabilidade (centralização do poder no nível do Estado) e racionalidade formal, com pensamento que abandona a justificação material e pauta-se por considerações formais. A subcategoria "Suporte aos juízes de direito" exibenecessidade de novo regramento do tema, que traga espectro de conhecimento referente às competências interdisciplinares na capacitação dos juízes, requerendo avanços aos diplomas legislativos pertinentes. Os conteúdos apurados refletem urgências específicas no ensino jurídicodo Brasil diante das transformações no contexto sociopolítico cultural da atualidade. Evidencia-seque os magistrados necessitam de capacitação técnica para lidar com os fenômenos aqui tratados.
Covid-19 İle Mücadelede Kolaylaştırıcı Bir Faktör Olarak Yönetsel Kapasite: Ülke Deneyimlerinden Yansımalar
Authors: UZUN Abdullah
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada alt boyutları itibariyle ülkelerin sahip oldukları yönetsel kapasite düzeylerinin, bir kötü huylu problem olan Covid-19 pandemisinin olumsuz etkileri ile başarılı ve etkin bir mücadele hususundaki kolaylaştırıcı rolüne odaklanılmıştır. Çalışmanın teorik bulgusu kötü huylu problemlerle mücadelenin başarısı üzerinde yönetsel kapasitenin oynadığı rolün açıklığa kavuşturulması ile ilgilidir. Yüksek yönetsel kapasite düzeyinin Covid-19 pandemisi ile mücadeleyi kolaylaştırdığı, düşük kapasite düzeyinin ise aksine zorlaştırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca, Covid-19 pandemisi ile mücadelede hangi yönetsel kapasite boyutlarının karar alıcılar ve uygulayıcılar tarafından inşa edilmesi gerektiğine ilişkin uygulamaya dönük bulgular elde edilmiştir. Yönetsel kapasitenin alt boyutlarında, analitik, koordinasyon, alt yapı, ilişkisel ve sosyal koruma kapasite düzeylerinin Covid-19’un tıbbi ve sosyal-ekonomik boyuttaki etkileri ile mücadelede büyük bir rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Ülke deneyimleri ışığında Covid-19 pandemisinin, ülke hükümetlerine pandemiler ve diğer kötü huylu problemlerle mücadelede yönetsel kapasitelerini artırma konusunda bir uyandırma çağrısı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada Yin (2003)’in örnek olay yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama yöntemleri olarak literatür taraması ve doküman incelemesini içeren nitel veri toplama teknikleri kullanılmıştır.
The Hatillo Limestone, Pueblo Viejo district, Dominican Republic: Marginal reef or impermeable cap?
Authors: Nelson Carl E. , Polanco José , Macassi Arturo , Domínguez Hugo , Proenza Joaquín A. , Torró Lisard , Rhys David , Iturralde-Vinent Manuel
Published: November 2020

The Hatillo Limestone and the underlying Los Ranchos Formation are exposed over an east-west distance of 100 km in the eastern Dominican Republic. The lowermost portion of the Hatillo Limestone in the Pueblo Viejo district contains a Late Lower Albian fossil assemblage including corals and rudist bivalves indicative of a near-shore reef environment. Diamond drilling in the Pueblo Viejo district and exposures in the open pits show that the Hatillo Limestone conformably overlies the Early Cretaceous Los Ranchos Formation. Volcanogenic massive sulfide beds, exposed in the Moore pit, provide evidence for an Early Cretaceous, syn-mineralization paleosurface. Altered and mineralized clasts in the epiclastic, sedimentary host-rock section at the Pueblo Viejo mine indicate that the ore deposits were open to erosion during hydrothermal alteration and mineralization. The Hatillo Limestone did not overlie the ore deposits during the mineralizing event and, consequently, could not have acted as an impermeable cap to ascending hydrothermal fluids. Intra-oceanic island arc volcanism (Los Ranchos Formation) overlapped at the Aptian–Albian boundary (112 Ma) with a marginal fringing reef (basal Hatillo Limestone). The marginal reef gradually gave way to deeper-water facies as Hatillo Limestone deposition progressed through the middle Albian. Low-angle reverse faulting, penetrative deformation, and metamorphic recrystallization affected the Hatillo Limestone as well as the Los Ranchos and Maimón formations during the Late Cretaceous. Deformation intensity and metamorphic grade progressed from incipient metamorphism in the Pueblo Viejo district to schists in the Maimón Formation to amphibolite near a faulted contact with the Loma Caribe peridotite.
Cartografía digital predictiva del potencial mineral mediante SIG de depósitos de fluorita en el noreste de México
Authors: Díaz-Martínez Roberto , González-Martínez Leonela Aimme , Batista-Rodríguez José Alberto , Hernández-Rosales Alberto , Blanco-Moreno Jesús Antonio , Batista-Cruz Ramón Yosvanis , Almager Cermenates Yuri , Rodríguez Vega Antonio , López Saucedo Felipe de Jesús , Vila Sánchez Alberto Ramón
Published: November 2020

La cartografía del potencial mineral se fundamenta en la elaboración de modelos de probabilidad de ocurrencia de depósitos minerales, como base para el pronóstico metalogénico y la delimitación de áreas perspectivas. La región noreste de México ha sido cubierta por diferentes levantamientos geológicos, trabajos de exploración minera y estudios metalogénicos regionales y actualmente se reportan más de 160 depósitos y manifestaciones de fluorita. Sin embargo, no se han empleado los métodos que permiten el tratamiento, análisis e integración de las guías de exploración utilizados en la cartografía predictiva de potencialidad minera . En este contexto, surge la necesidad de iniciar trabajos de cartografía predictiva en México, que ayuden a minimizar los costos de la exploración minera por concepto de optimización de áreas potencialmente favorables para el descubrimiento de depósitos minerales. La información geológica, estructural, geoquímica y geofísica disponible del NE de México permite la aplicación de la cartografía del potencial mineral soportada en los sistemas de información geográfica. La metodología se basa en la estructuración de los datos primarios, la superposición ponderada y la integración y análisis de los datos mediante los modelos de lógica booleana y máxima entropía (MaxEnt). Los resultados obtenidos indican que el mapa de potencial mineral ofrece un buen predictor, debido a que se delimitan las áreas más favorables para la presencia de depósitos de fluorita, siendo la densidad estructural el parámetro que más influye con un 28.8% de contribución al modelo de potencialidad mineral.
Orthopyroxenite hosted chromitite veins anomalously enriched in platinum-group minerals from the Havana-Matanzas Ophiolite, Cuba
Authors: Farré-de-Pablo Júlia , Pujol-Solà Núria , Torres-Herrera Harlison , Aiglsperger Thomas , González-Jiménez José María , Llanes-Castro Angélica Isabel , Garcia-Casco Antonio , Proenza Joaquín A.
Published: November 2020

The Havana–Matanzas Ophiolite contains one of the few examples of ophiolitic platinum group minerals (PGM)-rich chromitites associated with orthopyroxenites in the mantle section of ophiolitic complexes. The chromitites occur as veins hosted by orthopyroxenite bands within mantle peridotites. The peridotites are mostly harzburgites and their accessory chromite shows high-Al compositions (Cr# [Cr/(Cr+Al), atomic ratio] = 0.39–0.50), which are typical of spinels in abyssal peridotites. Conversely, chromite from the chromitite veins and their host orthopyroxenite are high-Cr (Cr# = 0.72–0.73 and 0.62–0.69, respectively), with lower Mg# [Mg/(Mg+Fe2+), atomic ratio]. This suggests that both the chromitite and the orthopyroxenite formed from melts with boninitic affinity. The abundant PGM inclusions found in the chromitites are mainly Os-rich laurite grains, which is also characteristic of chromitites formed from magmas with boninitic affinity. Therefore, we propose that the chromitite veins and the orthopyroxenite bands probably formed contemporaneously in the fore-arc setting of an intra-oceanic arc during subduction. The chromitite-orthopyroxenite pair of the Havana-Matanzas Ophiolite could form after the reaction of a Si-rich melt with boninitic affinity and mantle harzburgite, with the orthopyroxenite bands preserving fingerprints of the infiltration of boninitic-affinity melts within the mantle. The small volume of forming chromitite could maximize the efficiency for the mechanical collection of the PGM forming in the parental melt of these rocks, resulting in the anomalous enrichment of primary PGM in the chromitites.
The history of mining and mineral exploration in Panama: From Pre-Columbian gold mining to modern copper mining
Authors: Redwood Stewart D.
Published: November 2020

The history of mining and exploration in Panama is a case study of the evolution of mining in a tropical, island arc environment in the New World from prehistoric to modern times over a period of ~1900 years. Panama has a strong mineral endowment of gold (~984 t), and copper (~32 Mt) resulting in a rich mining heritage. The mining history can be divided into five periods. The first was the pre-Columbian period of gold mining from near the start of the Current Era at ~100 CE to 1501, following the introduced of gold metalwork fully fledged from Colombia. Mining of gold took place from placer and vein deposits in the Veraguas, Coclé, Northern Darien and Darien goldfields, together with copper for alloying. Panama was the first country on the mainland of the Americas to be mined by Europeans during the Spanish colonial period from 1501-1821. The pattern of gold rushes, conquest and settlement can be mapped from Spanish records, starting in Northern Darien then moving west to Panama in 1519 and Nata in 1522. From here, expeditions set out throughout Veraguas over the next century to the Veraguas (Concepción), Southern Veraguas, Coclé and Central Veraguas goldfields. Attention returned to Darien in ~1665 and led to the discovery of the Espíritu Santo de Cana gold mine, the most important gold mine to that date in the Americas. The third period was the Republican period following independence from Spain in 1821 to become part of the Gran Colombia alliance, and the formation of the Republic of Panama in 1903. This period up to ~1942 was characterized by mining of gold veins and placers, and manganese mining from 1871. Gold mining ceased during World War Two. The fourth period was the era of porphyry copper discoveries and systematic, regional geochemical exploration programs from 1956 to 1982, carried out mainly by the United Nations and the Panamanian government, as well as private enterprise. This resulted in the discovery of the giant porphyry copper deposits at Cerro Colorado (1957) and Petaquilla (Cobre Panama, 1968), as well as several other porphyry deposits, epithermal gold deposits and bauxite deposits. The exploration techniques for the discovery of copper were stream sediment and soil sampling, followed rapidly by drilling. The only mine developed in this period was marine black sands for iron ore (1971-1972). The fifth and current period is the exploration and development of modern gold and copper mines since 1985 by national and foreign companies, which started in response to the gold price rise. The main discovery methods for gold, which was not analyzed in the stream sediment surveys, were lithogeochemistry of alteration zones and reexamination of old mines. Gold mines were developed at Remance (1990-1998), Santa Rosa (1995-1999 with restart planned in 2020) and Molejon (2009-2014), and the Cobre Panama copper deposit started production in 2019. The level of exploration in the country is still immature and there is high potential for the discovery of new deposits.
Mineralogy and geochemistry of Fe-Ti oxide ores from the Don Dieguito massif-type anorthosite suite, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Betancur-Figueroa Sebastián , Villanova-de-Benavent Cristina , Proenza Joaquín A. , Weber Marion B. , Acevedo Natalia , García-Casco Antonio
Published: November 2020

Fe-Ti oxide ores are commonly associated with Proterozoic massif-type anorthosite bodies emplaced during the Grenville orogeny (~1.2-1.0 Ga). Some of these anorthositic bodies occur in the northernmost part of the Santa Marta Massif, Colombia. They locally contain crosscutting Fe-Ti(-V) ore bodies between the El Hierro creek and the Don Dieguito river. We have distinguished two types of Fe-Ti(-V) ores: i) oxide-apatite norite (fine grained ilmenite and magnetite disseminated in an assemblage of apatite, amphibole, chlorite, rutile and sericitized plagioclase) and ii) banded nelsonite (coarser grained ilmenite, magnetite and apatite distributed in bands, with minor baddeleyite, srilankite and högbomite). Ilmenite in the two ore types display distinct hematite exsolution features: a)needle-like in the oxide-apatite norite ore; and b) two generations of exsolutions in the banded ore. Magnetite shows similar Ti and V contents in both ore types (0.4 wt % TiO2 and 0.5 wt % V2O3 on average in the oxide-apatite norite ore, 0.5 wt % TiO2 and 0.4 wt % V2O3 in the banded ore), whereas ilmenite has higher hematite, pyrophanite and geikielite components in the banded ore. The ores might have formed from the combination of fractional crystallization and magma mixing, with exsolution occurring probably at 575-600°C. This first detailed mineralogical and textural study of Fe-Ti(-V) oxide ores in anorthosite massifs from Colombia suggests that the Santa Marta Massif is an interesting target for future research.
Geochemistry of Platinum-Group Elements (PGE) in Cerro Matoso and Planeta Rica Ni-Laterite deposits, Northern Colombia
Authors: Tobón Mónica , Weber Marion , Proenza Joaquín A. , Aiglsperger Thomas , Betancur Sebastián , Farré-de-Pablo Júlia , Ramírez Carlos , Pujol-Solà Núria
Published: November 2020

Platinum-group elements (PGE) are included among the so-called critical metals, and are essential metals for the technological industry. However, there are very few deposits in the world from which these metals can be extracted. The present work investigates three Ni-laterite profiles (hydrous Mg silicate type) formed over the ultramafic rocks of Cerro Matoso and Planeta Rica in Colombia. The main goal is to determine their PGE concentration and distribution, as well as to identify the carrier phases of these noble metals. The highest PGE contents in Cerro Matoso and Planeta Rica are concentrated in the limonite horizon (141–272 ppb), showing a strong decrease towards the saprolite and the underlying serpentinized peridotite (parent rock; < 50 ppb). The highest concentrations correspond to Pt>Ru>Pd and the lowest to Rh<Os<Ir. Such distribution indicates that PGE are mobilized in different proportions by the laterization processes. The high affinity between PGE and Fe favors the formation of PGE-Fe mineral alloys such as the Pt-Ir-Fe-Ni minerals hosted by Fe-oxyhydroxide found in the limonite–saprolite transition zone in Planeta Rica. In addition, in the same zone, nanoparticles of Pt (< 1 µm) were found within framboidal pyrite. Both types of platinum group minerals (PGM) are secondary in origin. In the case of Pt-Ir-Fe-Ni alloys, this interpretation is supported by their morphology and chemical composition, which is comparable with PGE-Fe-Ni alloys found in laterites of Dominican Republic. In the case of Pt nanoparticle, textural relations suggest the neoformation of PGM adhered to the porous edges of altered pyrite. Cerro Matoso and Planeta Rica should be considered as unconventional PGE deposits, if adequate recovery processes can be applied for their recovery as by-products during Ni (+Co) production.
Porphyry-related high-sulfidation mineralization early in Central American Arc development: Cerro Quema deposit, Azuero Peninsula, Panama
Authors: Perelló José , García Alfredo , Creaser Robert A.
Published: November 2020

The 70.74 to 70.66 Ma age range for three molybdenite samples accompanying pyrite- and enargite-bearing assemblages effectively constrains an earliest Maastrichtian age for the high-sulfidation Au-Cu mineralization at Cerro Quema, Panama. The epithermal system was contemporaneous with emplacement of a composite dacite dome complex in a geotectonic setting transitional from mafic, primitive intraoceanic (Azuero Protoarc) to more evolved island arc magmatism (Azuero Arc), during initial construction of the Central American land bridge at the trailing edge of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP). The molybdenite ages confirm the rapid evolution of the earliest stages of the Central American Arc, from subduction initiation at 75–73 Ma to arc maturation at 71 Ma. A porphyry connection is apparent at Cerro Quema and characterized by highly contorted, banded, and planar quartz-veinlet stockworks and sheeted zones in pyrophyllite- and sericite-bearing patchy-textured rock. These are cut by ledges of quartz, alunite, and dickite, which implies overprinting of the advanced argillic lithocap onto the underlying porphyry environment. Hydrothermal telescoping resulted from synmineralization uplift congruent with an actively emerging volcanic arc, which the Re-Os molybdenite dates accurately constrain at 71 Ma, presumably as a far-field effect of collision between the leading edge of the CLIP with parts of North and South America.
The use of Communicative Language Learning (CLL) to Teach Speaking at a Taiwanese Elementary School: Implementation and Students’ Responses
Authors: Yosephine Tan Laura , Listyani Listyani
Published: November 2020

Speaking is one of the important skills to master. The importance of learning speaking skills helps people to share their ideas, agreement or disagreement, compliment, and so on to others. Some students feel a lack of practice in learning English because they don't have enough support, including those in Taiwan. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate how Taiwanese teachers apply CLL in speaking activities and the students' responses towards speaking activities which implement CLL at an elementary school in Taiwan. Data for this qualitative study were gathered from semi-structured interviews and reflective journals. The participants were one Taiwanese English teacher and 32 elementary school students. Data from the semi-structured interview were recorded, then transcribed. After that, themes were drawn based on the transcribed interviews. Based on the data, it was found that the Taiwanese English teacher applied CLL to teach the English language. Some activities such as group discussion and Think-Pair-Share were done. These activities were found useful because students could gain more vocabulary, a fun atmosphere created inside the classroom, and better fluency and pronunciation.
Review on Brain Decellularization Methods and their Applications for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Darabi Leila , Homayouni Moghadam Farshad , Nasr Esfahani Mohammad Hossein
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Tissue engineering by using decellularized tissues has been attracted attention of researchers in the regenerative medicine. Extra cellular matrix (ECM) is a secretory product of cells inside the tissues with supportive and regulatory function for homing cells. ECM contains glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and fibrous proteins. Each particular tissue has its unique ECM, especially brain, because of its limited capacity for renovation, which is noticeable during aging and brain injuries. Recent studies reported that decellularized brain could provide necessary ECM for growth and survival of neurons. The main available decellularization techniques are based on physical, chemical and enzymatic approaches. Regarding the fragility of brain tissue, decellularization methods have been optimized to three methods: detergent, detergent enzymatic and physicochemical-enzymatic methods. Focusing on these methods, we performed this review to compare the efficacy and functionality of brain decellularization methods.
Conclusion: The decellularized tissue of the brain contains a variety of glycoprotein components that can be used in the preparation of engineered scaffolds for the survival of nerve cells as well as in the preparation of brain organoids. Brain tissue decellularization has been much more successful with the methods that use the chemical solvents Triton X100, trypsin, and DNase in combination with freeze-thaw cycles and low-speed centrifuges.