bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions Towards Practicability of Humanitarian Principles for Emergency Cases in Ethiopia: Case of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital
Authors: Mengistu Habtamu Solomon , Negash Bezawit , Sebsibie Gashaw , Bahiru Biniam
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Emergencies and disasters often result in significant impacts on people’s health, including the loss of many lives. The humanitarian principles provide the governing rules for humanitarian action in situations of crisis, whether triggered by armed conflicts or natural hazards. The objective of the study was to assess Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital staff and client perception of the practicality of the four humanitarian principles in its healthcare settings in serving clients with emergency cases and actual challenges that they face during emergency condition responses.
Methodology:
The study intended to collect data with structured questionnaires from a total of 209 individuals in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. The participants were selected randomly based on, their willingness. Of the 209 participants, 105 included staff and the rest 104 included clients (patients and caregivers in the emergency room) of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 23.
Results
The descriptive analysis shows that principles of humanity are practiced better with (mean = 3.5) and principles of impartiality are practiced less with (mean = 3.2) as to the perception of the participants. Correlational analysis was used to examine the relationship between the ages, profession, gender, status, work experience, and familiarity with humanitarian principles, and the results indicated a non-significant correlation between variables, r (209) = 0.01 (2 tailored), “p = ns”. This suggests that despite familiarity with humanitarian principles or other independent variables does not affect the applicability of humanitarian principles in healthcare settings.
Conclusion
From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the state of being a staff (health care practitioners and those providing ancillary services) and client of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital has nothing to do with developing a certain perception towards the practicability of the four humanitarian principles (humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and independence).
Simulation and experimental study on the Fenotec casting method of the engine block RV95
Authors: Trung Pham Quang
Published: October 2023

The new designs or new materials used in foundries for sand casting products in Vietnam now often rely on experience and adopt the try-to-fix method to gradually find the best implementation. This method is very time-consuming, and the product is often unsatisfactory in the first many castings. This study developed a casting simulation model to compare experimental and simulated results using the Fenotec molding technology for the RV95 engine body. The 3D simulation model that was used to simulate the casting process with the same boundary conditions as the experiment also gave similar results. The results show that when making new castings for the first time from experience, there are many casting defects such as cracking, metal deficiency, porosity, etc. In order to improve the casting results, the pouring gate, the arrangement of additional risers and the size of the runner were studied on the simulation to improve the defect results on the casting. After that, the parameters in the simulation model used in the experiment reveal that the molded product meets the required quality and no longer has defects. This molded product, after checking the mechanical and geometric parameters, can be put into mass production
Analysis and automated classification of images of blood cells to diagnose acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Curtidor Airam , Kussul Ernst , Baydyk Tetyana , Mammadova Masuma
Published: October 2023

Analysis of white blood cells from blood can help to detect Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, a potentially fatal blood cancer if left untreated. The morphological analysis of blood cells images is typically performed manually by an expert; however, this method has numerous drawbacks, including slow analysis, low precision, and the results depend on the operator’s skill. We have developed and present here an automated method for the identification and classification of white blood cells using microscopic images of peripheral blood smears. Once the image has been obtained, we propose describing it using brightness, contrast, and micro-contour orientation histograms. Each of these descriptions provides a coding of the image, which in turn provides n parameters. The extracted characteristics are presented to an encoder’s input. The encoder generates a high-dimensional binary output vector, which is presented to the input of the neural classifier. This paper presents the performance of one classifier, the Random Threshold Classifier. The classifier’s output is the recognized class, which is either a healthy cell or an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-affected cell. As shown below, the proposed neural Random Threshold Classifier achieved a recognition rate of 98.3 % when the data has partitioned on 80 % training set and 20 % testing set for. Our system of image recognition is evaluated using the public dataset of peripheral blood samples from Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Image Database. It is important to mention that our system could be implemented as a computational tool for detection of other diseases, where blood cells undergo alterations, such as Covid-19
A simple method for harvesting thermoelectric energy in home and industrial appliances heat cycle using peltier cells
Authors: Botero-Valencia Juan , Sanin-Villa Daniel , Valencia-Aguirre Juliana
Published: October 2023

Energy harvesting models are the focus of most countries, given that governments are becoming aware of the limitations of natural resources and the need to optimize them. On the other hand, different systems used in everyday life and in industrial environments involve the use of heat cycles, but in most cases, their thermoelectric energy is not recovered from these processes. Accordingly, this paper proposes to implement a model based on a low-cost Peltier array that can be attached to commonly used devices with heat cycles involving small temperature differences (∆T=25 °C). A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method was used to extract the maximum power from this array. This device is thought to take advantage of home and industrial elements’ heat to power low-power system applications. The results show that this technology allows acceptable use and represents an effective recovery mechanism. This work represents a new approximation of the energy harvesting solutions from thermoelectric energy with future benefits, especially on the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, which has been one of the technology areas of most significant expansion and growth in recent decades. The IoT has opened significant challenges in the scientific community, especially regarding the energy supply methods of the IoT elements or nodes, considering that these elements can be located in places where it is impossible to wire to supply power and that use of batteries is unsustainable in the long term, also generating a negative environmental impact. The proposed system harvests energy from the temperature difference generated at a window, considering that the device is controlled environment within a room
Energy losses study in solar hybrid gas turbine in Colombia
Authors: Moreno-Gamboa Faustino , Guerrero-Gomez Gustavo , Caicedo-Rolon Alvaro Jr
Published: October 2023

Due to decrease of oil reserves, the international commitment for the reduction of pollutant emissions and environmental protection, renewable energy sources are intensively studied, including solar energy applications. However, solar energy is not constant and one possible alternative are solar hybrid thermosolar power plants. A hybrid solar gas turbine has three subsystems: a solar concentrator with heliostat field and central tower receiver, a combustion chamber, and a regenerative gas turbine. A previous thermodynamic analysis allowed shows an energy and exergy study of the plant, from a thermodynamic model of the system that has a method of solar resource estimation. However, this analysis did not allow evaluation of the energy losses in the system components, although the original model considered the typical irreversibilities of these cycles. This work aimed to develop a thermodynamic model that estimates the energy losses in the subsystems and the solar hybrid gas turbine components from a few parameters. The model estimated the energy losses for a Brayton cycle hybrid solar thermal plant throughout the day July 20 in Barranquilla, Colombia. A Dymola compiler in Modelica language was used to evaluate the model, which facilitates the estimation of the results at different times of the day. In this case, the computations were performed hourly throughout the day. In the results, energy losses were 16 % in the solar concentrator when the solar resource was the maximum at noon and close to 1 % in the combustion chamber. Therefore, the hybrid solar Brayton cycle system is technically feasible and reduces fuel consumption. Consequently, it is important to continue developing concentration systems and reduce their energy losses
The proof of Fermat’s last theorem based on the geometric principle
Authors: Gevorkyan Yuriy
Published: October 2023

This paper provides another proof of Fermat's theorem. As in the previous work, a geometric approach is used, namely: instead of integers a, b, c, a triangle with side lengths a, b, c is considered. To preserve the completeness of the proof of the theorem in this work, the proof is repeated for the cases of right and obtuse triangles. In this case, the Fermat equation ap+bp=cp has no solutions for any natural number p>2 and arbitrary numbers a, b, c. When considering the case when the numbers a, b, c are sides of an acute triangle, it is proven that Fermat’s equation has no solutions for any natural number p>2 and non-zero integer numbers a, b, c. Numbers a=k, b=k+m, c=k+n, where k, m, n are natural numbers that satisfy the inequalities n>m, n<k+m, exhaust all possible variants of natural numbers a, b, c, which are the sides of the triangle. In an acute triangle, the following condition is additionally satisfied:

To study the Fermat equation, an auxiliary function f(k,p)=kp+(k+m)p–(k+n)p, is introduced, which is a polynomial of natural degree p in the variable k. The equation f(k,p)=0 has a single positive root for any natural

A recurrent formula connecting the functions f(k,p+1) and f(k,p) has been proven: f(k,p+1)=kf(k,p)-[n(k+n)p-m(k+m)p]. The proof of the main proposition 2 is based on considering all possible relationships between the assumed integer solution of the equation f(k,p+1)=0 and the number  corresponding to this solution

The proof was carried out using the mathematical apparatus of number theory, elements of higher algebra and the foundations of mathematical analysis. These studies are a continuation of the author’s works, in which some special cases of Fermat’s theorem were proved
Digitaria insularis: cross-resistance between ACCase inhibitors and multiple resistance to glyphosate
Authors: Krzyzaniak Fabrício , Albrecht Leandro Paiola , Albrecht Alfredo Junior Paiola
Published: October 2023

Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis [L.] Mez ex Ekman) is a problematic weed with special attention to its damage and herbicide resistance in Brazil and Paraguay. Considering the complexity of management and failure in control approaches, the goal of the present study was to monitor and investigate herbicide resistance in D. insularis. Furthermore, we specifically analyze a case with multiple resistance in Paraguay. In this sense, studies were carried out for the development of dose-response curves. The results showed resistance of D. insularis to ACCase- and EPSPs-inhibiting herbicides in Paraguay, in which the resistance to ACCase inhibitors involves the chemical groups aryloxyphenoxypropionates and cyclohexanediones. This is probably the first case of resistance observed in the world. It is necessary to apply good practices in the set of integrated weed management. These practices should be accessed as quickly and effectively as possible, serving as a lesson for more proactive and less reactive actions in production systems.
Trends in the development of computed tomography in the Russian Federation in 2011–2021
Authors: Druzhinina P. S. , Romanovich I. K. , Vodovatov A. V. , Chipiga L. A. , Akhmatdinov R. R. , Bratilova A. A. , Ryzhov S. A.
Published: October 2023

The article presents the analysis of the structure of computed tomography diagnostics according to the forms of the federal state statistical observation (radiation-hygienic passports in 2011–2021, forms № 3-DOZ in 2011-2021 and forms № 30 in 2014–2020) in order to assess the status of CT diagnostics in the Russian Federation and identify the main trends in the development of this type of radiation diagnostics and patient doses. In 2011–2021, there was a sharp development of CT diagnostics in the Russian Federation – an increase in the number of CT examinations per 1000 people (up to a factor of 5.9 – from 32 CT examinations per 1000 people to 189 CT examinations per 1000 people) and the contribution of CT in the collective dose from medical diagnostic exposure (3 times from 26% to 77%). The number of CT examinations per 1 CT device from 2014 to 2019 increased by 2 thousand (52%), and in 2020 by another 1.85 thousand (32% compared to 2019) and reached 7.7 thousand. The increase in the number of CT examinations was mainly due to the increased use of CT equipment. The main contribution to the structure and collective dose of computed tomography in 2021 is made by examinations of chest (58%/65%), abdomen (8%/14%), pelvis and hips (3%/4%), skull and maxillofacial area (18%/7%). In 2011-2021 for chest CT examinations, the average effective dose was in the range from 4.2 to 5.9 mSv per examination, for abdomen – from 6.5 to 9.2 mSv, for pelvis and hips – 5 to 6.7 mSv, for skull and maxillofacial area – 1.5 to 2.4 mSv. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021 caused a change in the structure of CT examinations and collective dose in the Russian Federation – the chest CT examinations occupied the first place of the contribution to the number of examinations and the collective dose. The number of CT examinations per 1000 people and the contribution of CT to the collective dose from medical diagnostic exposure in the Russian Federation were significantly lower than those in foreign countries (up to a factor of 3.5 in the number of CT examinations per 1000 people and up to a factor of 1.6 of the contribution of CT to the collective dose).
Critical analysis of the existing approach to the calculation of radiation shielding in X-ray rooms
Authors: Golikov V. Yu.
Published: October 2023

The paper demonstrates the limitations of the existing methodology for calculating the radiation shielding of X-ray rooms presented in SanPin 2.6.1.1192-03. It is shown that the algorithm for calculating the attenuation coefficient by the barrier does not take into account the features of the attenuation of different components of X-ray radiation: direct, scattered, and leakage radiation, which differ in the region of occurrence, intensity, energy spectrum, and other parameters. Instead, a single formula is used for all components, and the differences in their attenuation are taken into account by a parameter the values of which for different radiation components are in no way justified and are questionable. The calculation also does not take into account the distribution of the workload of X-ray machines by the tube voltage, the significant attenuation of direct X-ray radiation by additional structures necessary for image acquisition. The values of the radiation output of X-ray machines recommended for shielding design in SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03 are 2–3 times overestimated in relation to the measured values. This leads to an unreasonable overestimation of the requirements for the thickness of radiation shielding in X-ray rooms and accordingly to suboptimal spending on healthcare. It is necessary to develop a new document to replace SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03.
Preliminary assessment of 225Ac excretion in patients undergoing radionuclide therapy with 225Ac-DOTA-TATE
Authors: Chipiga L. A. , Vodovatov A. V. , Mosunov A. A. , Saprykin K. A. , Gromov A. V. , Vasiliev S. K. , Petryakova A. V. , Vazhenina D. A. , Odintsova M. V. , Nomokonova V. B. , Stanzhevsky A. A. , Maystrenko D. N.
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of 225Ac in urine of patients undergoing radionuclide therapy with 225Ac-DOTA-TATE. Activity concentration was determined in the urine samples collected within 72 hours after injection of 225Ac-DOTA-TATE, using the ORTEC semiconductor gamma spectrometer, model TSP-DX-100T-PAC-PKG-1. Calculation of excreted activities was additionally performed based on scintig- raphy scans of patients receiving 225Ac-DOTA-TATE. Scans were conducted 5 times for each patient: immedi- ately after injection, at 4 hours, and on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days after injection of the radiopharmaceutical. Absolute activity values and fractions of the injected activity were calculated based on the specific activity values. The results of the calculated activity concentration values demonstrate that maximum excretion was observed within the four hours after 225Ac-DOTA-TATE injection. Significant differences between the two methods of determining 225Ac activity were observed only on the third day after radiopharmaceutical injection, which allows for the simplification of future experimental work by using indirect radioactivity measurement methods for activity calculations. There were no significant differences between patient groups with different number of 225Ac-DOTA-TATE injection, which allows for the exclusion of this parameter in the evaluation of experimental results. The results of this study represent the first published experimental data on the determi- nation of actinium excretion in patients.
Artificial Intelligence in Interdisciplinary Linguistics
Authors: Sorokina Svetlana
Published: October 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming an integral part of various scientific disciplines, industries, and everyday life. AI studies cover quite a number of scientific fields, and the topic needs an integrated and convergent approach to address its multifaceted challenges. This paper provides an extensive survey of existing approaches to define and interpret the AI concept. The research objective was to identify the invariant characteristics of AI that underscore its interdisciplinary nature. The article categorizes the primary drivers, technologies, and key research models that fuel the advancement of AI, which possesses a unique capability to leverage knowledge, acquire additional insights, and attain human-like intellectual performance by analyzing expressions and methods of human cognition. The emulation of human intellectual activity and inherent propensity for continual evolution and adaptability both unlock novel research prospects and complicate the understanding of these processes. Algorithms, big data processing, and natural language processing are crucial for advancing the AI learning technologies. A comprehensive analysis of the existing linguistic research revealed an opportunity to unify various research approaches within this realm, focusing on pivotal tasks, e.g., text data mining, information retrieval, knowledge extraction, classification, abstracting, etc. AI studies make it possible to comprehend its cognitive potential applications across diverse domains of science, industry, and daily life.
Academic Interaction as Part of Developing Professional Identity in Schoolchildren: Informational and Educational One-Industry Urban Environment
Authors: Nenilin Sergey
Published: October 2023

Single-industry urban settlements often experience a lack of qualified specialists for their key enterprises. Therefore, professional identification should start at school and be based on a scientifically organized interaction between local education facilities and local industrial enterprises. The authors identified, developed, and tested pedagogical conditions that contribute to career counselling in single-industry urban schools. They developed a digital resource called Proffuture42.rf that modeled informational and academic environment of a single-industry town. The platform united programs of extracurricular activities, additional general education, and career guidance developed by urban education institutions for schoolchildren of various age groups. Education facilities and their industrial partners were able to interact in the form of network training. The research revealed a number of possibilities for industrial organizations and social services to participate in the process of professional identification development. The pedagogical experiment involved observation and questioning. The survey results were subjected to mathematical processing. By monitoring the qualitative changes, the platform was able to facilitate the pedagogical support of career counselling in a single-industry town.
The use of gamification in the process of learning a foreign language
Authors: Ziatkevich Anzhelika Sergeevna , Chernitsyna Iuliia Valerevna , Grigorian Emma Artsrunovna
Published: October 2023

The article considers the method of gamification in teaching a foreign language. Game mechanics and an example of using the gamification method in a German lesson are presented. It is concluded that the use of gamification helps to maintain motivation for the educational process.
Conceptual metaphor as the basis for the semantics of perfumery naming
Authors: Gerasimova Anastasiia Pavlovna
Published: October 2023

In this article the author analyzes the most common means of forming the semantics of nominations for perfumery and scents based on a conceptual metaphor. It should be noted that the stylistic coloring of nominations can be different: from neutral to colloquial (slang). Particular attention is paid to nominations related to the representation of the concept “Alcohol” in perfumery. Lexical units of the English and French languages were used in this analysis. The total number of lexical units is 300 units.
The Role of LncRNA NEAT1 in Gastric Cancer: Tumor Development and
Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wen Yu
Published: October 2023

Background:

The literature review reveals that NEAT1 is dysregulated in gastric cancer and plays
a critical role in various aspects of tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy
resistance. NEAT1 exerts its functions through interactions with proteins, DNA, and other RNAs,
acting as a scaffold or by modulating chromatin modifications and gene expression. Furthermore, NEAT1 is involved
in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and immune evasion, contributing to the aggressive
behavior of gastric cancer cells. The dysregulation of NEAT1 has been reported to be associated with
clinicopathological features, prognosis, and therapeutic response in gastric cancer patients.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed from September 2016 to the present using
the keywords “LncRNA NEAT1” and “gastric cancer”. A total of 32 articles were identified. Studies investigating
the regulatory mechanisms of NEAT1 in other tumors were excluded from this review. Additionally, to
provide a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NEAT1-mediated gastric
cancer development, 27 additional articles were included.

Results:

LncRNA NEAT1 plays a pivotal role in gastric cancer, exerting significant effects on proliferation, invasion,
metastasis, autophagy, apoptosis, drug resistance, and overall survival. The underlying molecular
mechanisms involve miRNA sequestration, protein-protein interactions, transcriptional regulation, DNA
methylation modifications, and activation of canonical signaling pathways. These findings underscore the multifaceted
involvement of lncRNA NEAT1 in the pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance of gastric cancer, providing
valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers.

Conclusion:

LncRNA NEAT1 is intricately involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer through various
molecular mechanisms. Additionally, lncRNA NEAT1 is closely associated with radiotherapy resistance and
adverse prognosis in gastric cancer patients, indicating its potential as a promising independent risk factor for
clinical treatment targeting and prognostic prediction.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of HDAC-ligand Complexes Towards
the Design of New Anticancer Compounds
Authors: Dewaker Varun , Prabhakar Yenamandra S.
Published: October 2023

Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship (QSAR) studies gained a foothold in the
mid-1960s to rationalise the biological activity of medicinally important compounds. Since then,
the advancements in computer hardware and software added many new techniques and areas to
this field of study. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are one such technique in direct drug design
approaches. MD simulations have a special place in drug design studies because they decode
the dynamics of intermolecular interactions between a biological target and its potential ligands/inhibitors.
The trajectories from MD simulations provide different non-bonding interaction parameters
to assess the compatibility of the protein-ligand complex and thereby facilitate the design of
prospective compounds prior to their wet-lab exploration. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a
key role in epigenetics and they are promising drug targets for cancer and various other diseases.
This review attempts to shed some light on the modelling studies of HDAC inhibitors as anticancer
agents. In view of the advantages of MD simulations in direct drug design, this review also
discusses the fragment-based approach in designing new inhibitors of HDAC8 and HDAC2, starting
from the interaction energies of ligand fragments obtained from the MD simulations of respective
protein-ligand complexes. Here, the design of new anticancer compounds from largazole thiol,
trichostatin A, vorinostat, and several other prototype compounds are reviewed. These studies
may stimulate the interest of medicinal chemists in MD simulations as a direct drug design approach
for new drug development.
Innovation and Patenting Activities During COVID-19 and
Advancement of Biochemical and Molecular Diagnosis in the Post-
COVID-19 Era
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is to escalate globally and acquire new mutations
quickly, so accurate diagnostic technologies play a vital role in controlling and understanding the epidemiology of the disease. A plethora of technologies acquires diagnosis
of individuals and informs clinical management of COVID. Some important biochemical
parameters for COVID diagnosis are the elevation of liver enzymes, creatinine, and nonspecific inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6).
The main progression predictors are lymphopenia, elevated D-dimer, and hyperferritinemia, although it is also necessary to consider LDH, CPK, and troponin in the marker
panel of diagnosis. Owing to the greater sensitivity and accuracy, molecular technologies
such as conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription (RT)-PCR,
nested PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and xMAP technology
have been extensively used for COVID diagnosis for some time now. To make so many
diagnostics accessible to general people, many techniques may be exploited, including
point of care (POC), also called bedside testing, which is developing as a portable promising tool in pathogen identification. Some other lateral flow assay (LFA)-centered techniques like SHERLOCK, CRISPR-Cas12a (AIOD-CRISPR), and FNCAS9 editor limited
uniform detection assay (FELUDA), etc. have shown auspicious results in the rapid detection of pathogens. More recently, low-cost sequencing and advancements in big data
management have resulted in a slow but steady rise of next-generation sequencing
(NGS)-based approaches for diagnosis that have potential relevance for clinical purposes
and may pave the way toward a better future. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, various
institutions provided free, specialized websites and tools to promote research and access
to critically needed advanced solutions by alleviating research and analysis of data within
a substantial body of scientific and patent literature regarding biochemical and molecular
diagnosis published since January 2020. This circumstance is unquestionably unique and
difficult for anyone using patent information to find pertinent disclosures at a specific
date in a trustworthy manner.
Green Synthetic Methods of Oxazine and Thiazine Scaffolds as Promising
Medicinal Compounds: A Mini-review
Authors: Aljuaid Abdulelah , Allahyani Mamdouh , Alsaiari Ahad Amer , Almehmadi Mazen , Alsharif Abdulaziz , Asif Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Medical researchers have paid close attention to the green synthesis of oxazine and thiazine
derivatives since they provided a lead molecule for the creation of numerous possible bioactive
compounds. This review provides more information on green synthesis, which will be very
helpful to researchers in creating the most effective, affordable, and clinically significant thiazine
and oxazine derivatives that are anticipated to have strong pharmacological effects. This has resulted
in the identification of several substances with a wide range of intriguing biological functions.
This article's goal is to examine the numerous green chemical processes used to create oxazine
and thiazine derivatives and their biological activity. We anticipate that researchers interested
in oxazine and thiazine chemicals will find this material to be useful. We anticipate that medicinal
chemists looking for new active medicinal components for drug discovery and advance progress
will find this review of considerable interest.
#kalasatama: Discursive Views of the Helsinki Landscape Through the Virtual Window
Authors: Flood David
Published: October 2023

The article explores the relationship between the user, smartphone, and landscape as part of everyday social practices, proposing that the screen and camera of the smartphone co-constructs our understanding of the landscape. Focusing on encounters with the Helsinki landscape through the practice of making, sharing, and viewing images I examine the relationship between user—smartphone—landscape in understanding the new Helsinki landscape. I look at these landscapes in the context of the changes wrought on the Helsinki skyline by the construction of the tall towers at Kalasatama. Kalasatama is a suburb to the east of Helsinki’s city centre. It was previously an industrial area with a small port and is currently being developed as both a commercial and residential space. I argue that the perception of these landscapes can be seen as co-constructed through the practices of making, sharing, and viewing images, as they have become embedded into the everyday through a state of perpetual connectivity. Using postphenomenology and philosophy of technology I reflect upon the place of the smartphone in the phenomena of experience and the embeddedness of image-making within contemporary social practices.
The Ethics of Mapping Slums—And How AI Complicates the Picture
Authors: Lobo Tea
Published: October 2023

This is an interview conducted with Isaac Oluoch (Twente) and Michael Nagenborg (Twente) on 1 March 2023. It is about their research on mapping deprived areas in lower-income countries, better known as slums or informal settlements. They talk about technical and especially ethical challenges involved in practical mapping projects, and also discuss what complications may arise when machines (AI) start participating in interpretations of spaces. We also discuss our situatedness as researchers in wealthy countries, the practice of philosophy in general and how it might contribute to concrete real-world problems.
The Impact of Academic Library Expenditure on College Graduation Rates
Authors: Jung Yong Ju , Choi Junghee
Published: October 2023

Some higher education institutions have announced plans for cutting funding for academic libraries in response to fiscal difficulties. However, academic libraries provide essential resources and experiences for college students, and a number of studies have investigated how institutional expenditure for academic libraries is associated with student graduation. Yet, these studies are limited in that they only examine cross-sectional correlations, do not control for other factors that can influence student success, or only examine a relatively small number of institutions. To address these limitations, we use longitudinal data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data Systems (IPEDS) to analyze the relationship between institutional expenditure on academic libraries and student graduation rates. In particular, we examine how library expenditure is associated with not just overall graduation rates, but the graduation rates of low-income students (i.e., recipients of the federal Pell Grant). Preliminary results indicate that institutional expenditure for academic libraries is positively associated with both overall student graduation rates and the graduation rates of low-income students, net of multiple institutional characteristics linked to graduation rates. Our findings support the importance of investing in academic libraries for student success and evidence against the budget cut of academic libraries. Our study also sheds light on academic libraries’ relevance for the performance of low-income students in universities.
Data Literacy Proficiency and Its Importance
Authors: Luo Jiebei , Tang Rong
Published: October 2023

In this poster, we report preliminary results from a survey of academic librarians in the U.S. and Canada on their perception of data literacy for their work practice. Our survey was distributed in August 2022 to librarians from member libraries of the Association of Research Libraries, Canadian Association of Research Libraries, Oberlin Group, as well as through various LIS listservs. We received 338 valid responses. Our focus is on the impact of library membership, librarians’ educational backgrounds, and percent of data work on librarians’ perception of the importance of various areas of data literacy. Significant library membership differences occurred both in the percentage of their job involving data-related tasks (H(3) = 9.146, p = .027), with ARL librarians having the highest mean rank, and in respondents’ importance rating on research data principles (H(3) = 10.534, p = .015), with CARL librarians having the highest mean rank. Librarians who had a non-MLS degree rated their data proficiency as significantly higher than respondents with MLS and another degree and people with only an MLS degree (H(2) = 8.815, p = .012). Percentage of data-related work was positively correlated with self-rated data proficiency (rho(n = 253) = .641, p = .000), the level of data literacy needed (rho(n = 262) = .352, p = .000), and various importance ratings of data literacy areas including programming skills (rho(n = 251) = .268, p = .000) and data processing & visualization (rho(n = 253) = .185, p = .003). Further analysis is currently in progress.
Not Just for Viral Dance Trends
Authors: Thompson Kelsey , Zamir Hassan
Published: October 2023

Although some research has already been completed on Gen Z’s attitudes and approaches toward social justice issues, additional study is needed to explore the ways in which they engage with activism. The rise of TikTok as a social media giant provides a unique opportunity for researchers; while the platform was intended as a space for lighthearted content and viral dance trends, the app is increasingly being leveraged for news, political content, and activism. In addition, the Pew Research Center reports that the majority of users on the app are teens and young adults; approximately two-thirds of American teens have and use TikTok. The explosive growth of the platform over the last few years means that little formal study has been done on TikTok in general. All these factors combined make TikTok an ideal focus for examining the reasons members of Gen Z have for engaging in activism both on and offline, as well as the ways they utilize TikTok’s unique affordances to achieve their goals. This study will collect quantitative data using a survey of self-reported Gen Z activists. This survey will provide data on respondents’ motivations and attitudes towards activism, users’ engagement in activism on the platform, how users utilize TikTok’s affordances to engage with activist content, Gen Z’s engagement in activist behaviors both on- and offline, and how effective they believe their efforts are.
Exploring the Impact of Ungrading on Student Learning
Authors: Burns C. Sean , DiGiacomo Daniela K , Pusateri Jennifer
Published: October 2023

In most academic disciplines and schooling contexts, grading practices tend to vary by individual instructor preferences and habits. The field of Library and Information Science (LIS) is no different, with grading practices and norms varying even within a particular program. Despite these variations in assessment, a unifying factor across all fields is the understanding of learning itself, and there is a great deal known about how people learn, regardless of discipline/course/program (Bransford et al., 2000). Bringing insights from the Learning Sciences, this study aims to investigate the impact of ungrading on student learning. Specifically, we primarily employ a qualitative approach informed by a sociocultural perspective of learning and human development. Our in-progress research aims to understand how ungrading, which involves eliminating or minimizing grades in the assessment process, affects students' learning and their learning experiences in the context of two IT-focused asynchronous courses in a library and information science program master’s program in the southeast of the United States. To gather insights about students’ learning experiences, data collection methods will include semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and participant observation, with a particular focus on how students’ perceptions and experiences of ungrading impact how they learn. Pre- and post-hoc tests will be used to study learning mastery of course content. The findings will offer implications for research and practice related to how to best support LIS student learning, especially within the context of online, asynchronous, higher education courses.
The Changing Landscape of Technical Services Education
Authors: Snow Karen , Miksa Shawne , Rathbun-Grubb Susan , Farmer Lesley
Published: October 2023

Technical Services (TS) has been undergoing many changes in response to societal, technological, and institutional shifts as are many areas within LIS. In addition to understanding changes in cataloging standards, technical services staff must have cultural and behavioral competency to meet the needs of increasingly diverse user populations. To prepare LIS students effectively, technical services educators must continually adapt and update their courses.  

The Technical Services Education SIG session will include a panel of three educators who will discuss current areas of importance in TS education: innovative online pedagogy, EDI (equity, diversity, and inclusion), and core competencies.

Susan Rathbun-Grubb will report on the development of a new online course supported by a University of South Carolina Center for Teaching Excellence (CTE) Innovative Pedagogy Grant. This includes collaborating with a CTE instructional designer in preparation for teaching the course in Spring 2024. This presentation will describe the creative process and the proposed course plan including objectives, topical coverage, pedagogical strategies, and assessments. Dr. Rathbun-Grubb is interested in having a conversation with attendees about their best practices for teaching TS management online in a student-centered seminar format.

Lesley Farmer will present on the incorporation of EDI into the Organization of Information course in California State University Long Beach's Teacher (school) Librarian program. An explicit EDI strand was developed for the course, including readings/videos for each module and corresponding learning activities. Students have responded very favorably by actively identifying and addressing EDI issues and by seeing themselves as necessary change agents for social justice. This presentation explains the process, the results, and useful resources.

Karen Snow is leading an effort to revise the American Library Association’s 2017 Core Competencies for Cataloging and Metadata Professional Librarians and will report on the status of the endeavor. This includes determining if the 2017 Competencies are sufficient for current cataloging and metadata professionals. Dr. Snow will discuss how TS educators help provide a good foundation of cataloging and metadata competencies that best prepares our students for such a rapidly-changing field. 

After the presentations, audience members will be encouraged to ask questions and offer their own experiences and ideas concerning this area of LIS education. These presentations align well with the ALISE 2023 conference theme of “Bridge the Gap: Teaching, Learning, Practice, and Competencies.”
Difficulties with reading and humanity in the teacher librarian training courses
Authors: Okada Daisuke
Published: October 2023

In Japan, the national curricula for future teacher librarians and school librarians includes the subject “Reading and Rich Humanity.” Reading will help develop language, expression, and imagination. However, the relevance between reading and rich humanity is not clear. Therefore, we conducted a survey of the educational content being offered in Japan. Guidelines by the (Japan) School Library Association, textbooks for this class, and syllabi by each university were analyzed. The guidelines for school librarians state, “(2) The significance of reading in nurturing the minds and fostering rich humanity of students.” However, the other guideline for teacher librarians does not mention character at all, even though the teacher librarian has more teaching responsibilities. It is mentioned in the textbooks, but only to explain the relevance of reading to a part of humanity. There were 55 types of syllabi collected from 45 universities. Only 25 universities included words such as Character or Humanity. A class in which character-related terms do not appear on the syllabus, despite the fact that dealing with characters is a requirement, is evidence that this university faculty member does not see a positive connection between reading and characters. The results suggest that many university faculty find it difficult to teach the relevance of reading and rich humanity in their classes.
More Than One Kind
Authors: Wang Shengang , Li Si , Sun Jiarui , Chen Yi
Published: October 2023

To examine how different strands or versions of grounded theory have been used in LIS, we focus on three high-profile LIS journals (i.e., Journal of Documentation, Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, and Library & Information Science Research) known for their high impact and wide coverage of qualitative research. Literature searches were conducted on the Web of Science in February 2023, and research articles using grounded theory were included for analysis. Qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. A coding protocol was developed, consisting of the following methodological elements: (1) versions of grounded theory being used; (2) levels of grounded theory (i.e., macro level, micro level); (3) data collection methods (e.g., interviews, focus groups); (4) data analysis methods (e.g., constant comparative analysis, open coding, and selective coding); and (5) overall characteristics of grounded theory (e.g., simultaneous data collection and analysis, inductive analysis, and emergent design). During the pilot coding session, each author coded ten randomly selected papers independently. The pilot coding results show that Charmazian (constructivist) grounded theory approach was the most popular version, and grounded theory was predominantly used as a research design or methodology, with interviews as the most frequently employed data collection method and constant comparative analysis being the most commonly used data analysis technique.
Investigating The Health Seeking Information Behaviors of Native Americans Through a Culturally Reflective Lens
Authors: Campbell Tessa
Published: October 2023

There is little understanding of the health information seeking behaviors and attitudes of Native American (NA) populations which is essential for their equitable health care.  The development of effective prevention programs requires a full understanding of NA’s health information seeking behaviors. The limited research that has investigated this topic often fails to reflect Indigenous epistemologies and has also highlighted the barriers, deficits and limitations of NA populations. My research aims to examine behavior change and the health seeking-behaviors of NA communities through a new lens.  Research has continually examined what is wrong with NA individuals (impoverished or uneducated) and their communities (non-existent library services, no internet or lack of medical services) in place of examining the dysfunctions of the healthcare systems and their policies and programs, thus sustaining power dynamics of the colonial healthcare practices. NA populations represent a unique and distinct identity that has been shaped by colonization and imperialism.  The political, legal, and social histories of NA are a complicated domain which are interwoven into their health inequities.  It is through the colonial and imperial power dynamics of the healthcare system that NA people are required to be adaptive and thus configure their entire lives around this system. Pursuance of investigating the health information seeking behaviors requires research methods and methodologies that are Indigenous led and guided by NA values and epistemologies.  It is through my poster presentation I invite dialogue to better understand Native American health information seeking behaviors through a strength-based lens.