bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermoelastic strain in a half-space covered by unconsolidated material
Authors: Ben-Zion Yehuda , Leary Peter
Published: July 2021

An algorithm to predict crustal thermoelastic strain from observed local atmospheric temperature is given and applied to a 24-month crustal strain record of one test strainmeter site located near Bouquet Reservoir in southern California. We use a crustal model that consists of an elastically decoupled layer overlying a uniform elastic half-space, and a thermal source that is given by a stationary temperature wave whose wavelength is related to local topography and/or lateral material heterogeneity. The decoupled layer delays, attenuates, and low-pass filters the source temperature field. The thermoelastic strain in the underlying half-space, resulting from the temperature variations at the base of the decoupled layer, is calculated using the Berger (1975) solution for thermoelastic strain in a uniform half-space. Applying our model to the test data, we obtain a good fit between predicted and observed strains if we filter the surface thermal signal through a 63-cm-thick decoupled layer. Much of the remaining strain variations clearly correspond to other environmental sources (reservoir loading and rainfall). Our analysis suggests that the horizontal thermoelastic strain is inversely proportional to the wavelength of local topography and/or lateral material heterogeneity. Thus, the horizontal thermoelastic strain will be greater in areas of local topography and/or lateral material heterogeneity and smaller in more homogeneous and flat areas. An upper layer of loose material, natural or artificial, acts as a thermoelastic strain insulator. Burial of strainmeters in places where such a layer exists can reduce the thermoelastic strain noise considerably even for shallow strainmeter emplacements.
The 1930 Santa Monica and the 1979 Malibu, California, earthquakes
Authors: Hauksson Egill , Saldivar Geoffrey V.
Published: July 2021

The Malibu earthquake (ML = 5.0) that occurred 1 January 1979 in Santa Monica Bay was located at 33°56.9′N and 118°41.3′W and at a depth of 10 km. The focal mechanism of the main shock as determined from first motions recorded by short-period, high-gain seismic stations in southern California shows reverse faulting with one plane dipping 55° to 60° to the north striking 275° to 290°, and the second plane dipping 30° to 38° to the south and striking 100° to 120°. More than 400 aftershocks were recorded during 1979. Focal mechanisms for 20 aftershocks of M ≧ 3.0 show similar reverse mechanisms as the main shock. The main shock and aftershocks (M ≧ 2.5) were relocated using a local velocity model and a set of corresponding station delays. The aftershocks define a volumetric hypocentral zone, 4 km × 6 km, west-trending with depths ranging from 6 to 11 km. This 1979 Malibu main shock-aftershock sequence probably occurred on the eastern end of the Anacapa-Dume fault. The Santa Monica earthquake (ML = 5.2) that occurred 31 August 1930 was relocated using station delays calculated from the 1979 date set. The relocated 1930 epicenter is located near the western end of the Santa Monica fault. The 1979 and 1930 main shocks can be interpreted to define a 8- to 10-km north-south sidestep between the Anacapa-Dume and Santa Monica faults. Possible segmentation of these two fault systems suggests that they are unlikely to rupture simultaneously in one large earthquake.
14 February 1983 earthquake sequence in the Shumagin Islands, Alaska
Authors: Taber J. John , Beavan John
Published: July 2021

Two moderate events (MS = 6.3 and 5.6) occurred just outside a local network in the Shumagin Islands, Alaska, on 14 February 1983. These were the first events of magnitude greater than 5.5 in the region since 1979. They occurred within the subduction zone at a depth of 26 km. Of the more than 50 aftershocks that were recorded at one or more stations, 12 events ranging from mb = 2.5 to 4.0 were recorded digitally and located. Focal mechanisms were calculated for the two main events from first-motion polarities and teleseismic body-wave modeling. The mechanisms for both events show similar nodal planes, with P axes in the approximate direction of plate convergence and nearly vertical T axes. The plane of motion is not constrained by the aftershocks but the shallowly dipping plane parallel to the subduction zone interface is the preferred solution. Dynamic stress drops of 80 and 70 bars are calculated from local strong-motion records. These events occurred in a mature seismic gap. They nucleated in a shallow portion of the main thrust zone that apparently has a relatively low state of stress and thus were not capable of rupturing into the higher strength region at the base of the main thrust zone.
Representation of an extended seismic source in a propagator-based formalism
Authors: Chouet Bernard
Published: July 2021

A method is presented for the computation of synthetic seismograms for an arbitrary seismic source embedded in a stratified medium. The technique is applied to a source extending in three space dimensions for which the radiation has been decoupled into P, SV, and SH motions. A matrix formulation is given in which the displacements and stresses due to individual plane wave components of the P-SV and SH radiations from the source are separated into contributions at the upper and lower interfaces of the source layer where they are subtracted from the displacement-stress vector due to the total wave field. With this method, the propagator in the source layer connects only the reverberated components of the waves at the upper and lower layer interfaces, and there are no discontinuities in the displacements and stresses at the source depth. An application of Dunkin's formulation of the Thompson-Haskell algorithm is given for the solution of the P-SV problem, along with a brief summary of the well-known propagator matrix formulation for the associated SH problem. The formulation is extended to the case of a shallow source penetrating two layers, and examples are presented for both shear and tensile sources.
Picking noisy refraction data using semblance supplemented by a Monte Carlo procedure and spectral balancing
Authors: Zelt C. A. , Drew J. J. , Yedlin M. J. , Ellis R. M.
Published: July 2021

In crustal refraction experiments, the crucial deeply refracted and head wave arrivals often have a low signal-to-noise ratio. A method to aid in the picking of noisy refraction data is presented which is applicable to any branch of a seismic section whose waveform is approximately invariant throughout the branch. The technique exploits the spatial correlation of arrivals and is based on the lateral coherency which results if the refracted arrivals are aligned by applying appropriate time shifts to each trace of the branch. The alignment of arrivals occurs iteratively and is accomplished through a cross-correlation of each trace with the stack of the section of the previous iteration. The iteration yielding the section with the highest degree of lateral coherency (semblance) is used to extract the travel-time pick of each trace. The pick, plus a possible d.c. component, is the negative of the time shift required to achieve arrival alignment.

Two modifications can improve the performance of the picking routine. To prevent a cycle skipping problem, a Monte Carlo technique is implemented in which the cross-correlation function is transformed into a probability distribution so that the lag corresponding to the maximum cross-correlation is most probably selected. Second, to increase the coherency of the arrivals, a spectral balancing technique is applied in either the time or frequency domain.

The picking routine is applied to both a synthetic and real data example, and the results suggest that the routine can be applied successfully to data with a signal-to-noise ratio as low as one. Also, the Monte Carlo procedure together with spectral balancing increases the final semblance over that obtained with the unmodified method.
AverageQand yield estimates from the Pahute Mesa test site
Authors: Burger R. W. , Lay T. , Burdick L. J.
Published: July 2021

Attenuation models, with and without frequency dependence, have been developed through analysis of time-domain amplitude measurements and teleseismic spectral shape data from Pahute Mesa nuclear explosions. The time-domain analysis is based on a near-field to far-field amplitude comparison. The near-field amplitude information is incorporated in two parameterized explosion source models (Mueller-Murphy and Helmberger-Hadley) based on analyses of near-field data. The teleseismic amplitude observations are from a large data set of WWSSN short-period analog recordings. For the narrow-band time-domain data, the various source and attenuation models are indistinguishable. We utilize the spectral shape data in the 0.5- to 4-Hz band as a constraint on the source-attenuation models at higher frequencies, concluding that either source model, when convolved with the appropriate frequency-dependent Q model, can be consistent with both the near-field and far-field time-domain amplitudes and the spectral shape data. Given the trade-off between source and attenuation models and the similarity of the different source models in the 0.5- to 4-Hz band, it is difficult to prefer clearly one source model over the other. The Mueller-Murphy model is more consistent with surface wave amplitude measurements because of larger predicted long-period energy levels. Whether or not frequency dependence is included in the attenuation model, the value of t* near 1 Hz is about 1.0 sec (assuming the Mueller-Murphy source model) or 0.8 sec (assuming the Helmberger-Hadley source model). This 0.2 sec difference results from greater 1-Hz energy levels for the Mueller-Murphy source model. Adopting an average attenuation model, predicted amplitudes and yields are shown to be within the uncertainty of the data for all the events analyzed.
Air blast recognition and location using regional seismographic networks
Authors: Johnston Arch C.
Published: July 2021

Regional seismic networks are occasionally useful for purposes other than earthquake studies. Three such applications which involve surface and atmospheric phenomena are described in this report: (1) the detection and location of a missile silo explosion in Arkansas; (2) analysis of an aircraft sonic boom; and (3) attempts to determine the time and location of ground impacts of aircraft and a meteorite. When the source of the disturbance is in the air, seismic instruments respond to the air-coupled surface waves generated in the wake of the atmospheric shock front advancing with the speed of sound in air. Thus, the disturbance's point and time of origin can be determined using a standard iterative hypocenter program with a “crustal” velocity model appropriate to the prevailing atmospheric temperature and pressure conditions. Simplified theory predicts that air-coupling is significant only when the speed of sound in air is close to the shear wave velocity of the surface crustal layer. This is normally the case only when unconsolidated material is present at the surface. The observations discussed here support this prediction: seismic network instruments sited on soft ground recorded signals from atmospheric disturbances much more clearly than did higher gain instruments on hard rock.
Observations of first-order mantle reverberations
Authors: Revenaugh Justin , Jordan Thomas H.
Published: July 2021

We have observed first-order mantle reverberations, specifically SH-polarized ScSn and sScSn phases reflected at near-normal incidence from upper mantle discontinuities, as discrete phases on long-period digital seismograms of the HGLP and SRO networks. Such arrivals correspond to an n or n + 1 member dynamic ray family denoted by {ScSn, Sd±S}, where n is the multiple number of the parent phase, “d+” signifies a reflection from the top of an internal discontinuity at depth d, and “d−” signifies a reflection from the bottom. The travel times and attenuation of these phases place important constraints on the nature of the transition zone. We have employed the phase equalization and stacking algorithm of Jordan and Sipkin (1977) to obtain the differential attenuation operators of {sScSn, S650+S} − sScSn and {ScSn, S650−S} − ScSn phase pairs from deep-focus Tonga events recorded by the HGLP station KIP on the island of Oahu. The apparent Q's of the zeroth-order and first-order reverberations over the frequency band of 10 to 30 mHz have been inverted for the average quality factors of the upper mantle (QUM) and lower mantle (QLM) and the reflection coefficient of the 650 km discontinuity (R650). At 20 mHz, the results are: QUM = 82 ± 18, QLM = 231 ± 60, and |R650| = 0.080 ± 0.004 (at normal incidence). The QLM estimate is significantly less than recent normal mode solutions, suggesting that lower mantle attenuation structure is frequency-dependent at very low frequencies. We have measured the differential travel times between the first-order reverberations {sScSn, S400+S} and {sScSn, S650+S}, which yields a direct estimate of the vertical shear-wave travel time between the discontinuities along the Tonga-to-KIP path. The observed two-way time, 92.2 ± 1.5 sec, is less than predicted by some recent oceanic upper mantle models, indicating either a smaller separation of the discontinuities and/or greater shear velocity in the transition zone. Measurements of differential travel times between first-order reverberations and multiple ScS phases suggest that the former is more likely and are consistent with depths of 400 and 650 km for the transition zone discontinuities. Observations of first-order mantle reverberations can potentially provide unique constraints on lateral heterogeneity of the earth's mantle, especially within the transition zone.
Yield estimation from spectral amplitudes of direct P and P coda recorded by the wake island deep ocean hydrophone array
Authors: McCreery Charles S.
Published: July 2021

Spectral amplitudes of direct P and P coda between 0.5 and 6 Hz have been measured for 14 Eastern Kazakh test explosions using 8 hydrophones of the Wake Island Array, and a new model for these data has been developed to estimate relative yields of those explosions. Each log spectral amplitude is considered to be the sum of four parameters and an error term. Three parameters are frequency-dependent and represent: (1) the average Eastern Kazakh spectrum at the Wake Island Array; (2) the spectral shape characteristics unique to each event; and (3) the station or hydrophone corrections. The fourth parameter represents relative yield. A total of 346 parameters, including the 14 relative yields, were needed to model all 901 spectral amplitudes that were measured, and first-order linear regression techniques were used to invert the data for these parameters. Standard deviations of the computed relative yields are very small, averaging only 0.015 mb units. Deviations between the relative yields and their corresponding relative NEIS body-wave magnitudes, however, are larger, averaging 0.14 mb units. This difference is interpreted to be an indicator of the level of inhomogeneity in the worldwide pattern of energy radiated from Eastern Kazakh tests. There is evidence that this pattern can be correlated with the precise epicentral location of each explosion within the test site and is due to focusing and defocusing near the source. It is proposed that the yield of a large explosion might be disguised by siting the explosion at a location that selectively defocuses energy towards continents where most seismic stations are located. The precision with which a relative yield is determined from the data of any single hydrophone averages 0.035 mb units. Thus, the model appears to provide a very stable measure of yield. Errors associated with frequencies greater than 2 Hz are only slightly greater than errors associated with frequencies less than 2 Hz, verifying the utility of using the higher frequencies observed in direct P and P coda to estimate yield.
Surface effects and tectonic setting of the 13 December 1982 North Yemen earthquake
Authors: Plafker George , Agar Robert , Asker A. H. , Hanif M.
Published: July 2021

The North Yemen earthquake (Mb = 6.0) of 13 December 1982 is the first earthquake in the southern Arabian Peninsula known to be accompanied by surface displacements. The extensive destruction and loss of lives resulted entirely from widespread collapse of unreinforced masonry and mud brick structures; maximum Modified Mercalli intensity was probably VII to VIII. The only surface manifestation of tectonic activity was the occurrence of earthquake-related extensional ground cracks in the epicentral region. The cracks occur mainly in four relatively continuous north- to northwest-trending linear zones that range from a few hundred meters to 15 km in length and in irregular areas of polygonal extension cracks. The area within which the cracks occur is 22.5 km long by about 10 km wide. Continued dilation across some cracks was measured almost 1 month after the main shock. Seismicity and active volcanism in this region are inferred to reflect slow extension of the southwestern margin of the Arabia plate perpendicular to the Red Sea spreading axis.
Wave conversions from earthquakes and a new velocity model for the South Carolina coastal plain
Authors: Rhea Susan
Published: July 2021

Phase conversions from P to SV and from SV to P occur at a high impedance boundary near the surface in Charleston, South Carolina. Four arrivals (P, converted P, converted S, and S) are observed on three-component records of earthquakes in this area. Using arrival-time differences between paired arrivals of direct and converted phases, a shallow surface layer Vp/Vs ratio of 2.9 was determined. Applying the Wadati method to travel times derived at the base of the surface layer yields a Vp/Vs ratio in deeper layers of 1.73. Relocating earthquakes using this more appropriate velocity structure for direct and converted shear waves alters hypocentral parameters such that epicenters diverge and depths converge. It is inferred that these relocated earthquakes are not exclusively associated with a single seismogenic fault.
ROLE OF MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR, CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION 19 AND INTERLEUKIN 23 IN INDIVIDUALS INFECTED WITH Salmonella typhi
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq, Abd-Aljabar Esraa Mahdi , Jaloob Aljanaby Ahmed Abdul jabbar ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq
Published: July 2021

Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (S.typhi) is one of the most important gram negative bacteria that cause enteric fever and stimulate the immune response in infected patients. This study aimed to compare the humoral and cellular immune responses in patients infected with S.typhi. For this, the concentration of three immunological markers viz., Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), Cluster of Differentiation 19 (CD19), and Interleukin 23 (IL-23) were measured by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in the serum of 54 S.typhi infected patients, and 31 healthy individuals. The results demonstrated a significant increase (P =<0.05) in the serum concentration of MIF in patients infected with acute infection of S. typhi compared with healthy individuals but there were no significant differences in chronic infection. While there was a significant increase (P =<0.05) in serum concentration of CD19 and IL-23 in patients infected with acute and chronic infection of S.typhi as compared with healthy individuals. In conclusion, macrophage migration inhibitory factor plays a vital role in patients infected with acute infection of S. typhi and has no synergism with T-cell and B-cell in acute and chronic infection.
STUDY OF AZO COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM P-CRESOL LIGAND: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq, Yousif Al-labban Hutham mahmood , Al-luhaiby Adil ibadi ,   Department of Laboratory Investigation, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq, salih Nuha salman ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq, Yahya Widad ibrahem ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq, Jaloob Aljanaby Ahmed Abdul jabbar ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq
Published: July 2021

Azo compounds contain two aromatic rings separated by an azo (-N=N-) link. These are versatile molecules that have garnered a lot of interest in both basic and applied research. In this work, synthesis of some Azo dyes derivatives by coupling P-cresol with diazonium salts obtained from p-chloroaniline and p-methoxyaniline. The structure of the synthesized compound has been characterized by using techniques like UV-Vis Spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, the antimicrobial activity of these synthesized dyes compounds was examined by using the disc diffusion method against gram negative and gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which have been isolated from the patients of wound infection. Further, synthesized compounds showed moderate to significant inhibitory effect at the selected concentrations against the tested microorganisms. The results of antibacterial activities demonstrated that compound p-chloroaniline had good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa at the concentration of 300 mg/ml with 8.079 mm and 6.16 mm inhibition zone, diameter respectively. This study synthesized two new compounds viz., p-chloroaniline and p-methoxyaniline, and among these two p-chloroaniline has good anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus. Therefore, this can serve as a new compound for the manufacture of ointment to treat wound infections.
Finansal Gelişme, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Enerji Tüketiminin Çevresel Kalite Üzerindeki Etkisi: E-7 Ülkeleri Örneği
Authors: PALA Fahrettin , BARUT Abdulkadir
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı E-7 ülke ekonomileri için (Türkiye, Hindistan, Çin, Brezilya, Endonezya, Rusya ve Meksika) finansal gelişmenin, ekonomik büyümenin ve enerji tüketiminin çevresel kalite üzerindeki etkisini 1990-2014 yılları arasında verileri kullanarak analiz etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, çevre kalitesi ölçütü olarak, kişi başına düşen karbondioksit emisyonu (CO2), finansal gelişme ölçütü olarak, özel sektöre verilen kredilerin GSYİH’ya oranı, ekonomik büyüme ölçütü olarak, ekonomik büyümede meydana gelen yıllık artış ve enerji tüketimi ölçütü olarak da kişi başına petrol tüketimi değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. Değişkenlerin analizinde panel veri analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İlk önce değişkenlerde ve modellerde yatay kesit bağımsızlığını test etmek için Breusch ve Pagan (1980), CDlm Pesaran (2004), CD ve Pesaran (2004), Ullah ve Yagamata (LMadj PUY) (2008) testleri uygulanmıştır. Değişkenler ve modeller yatay kesit bağımlılığı içerdiğinden dolayı yatay kesit bağımlılığını dikkate alan ikinci nesil panel birim kök testlerinden Pesaran (2007) CADF (Crosssectional Augmented Dickey Fuller) testi kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler durağan hale getirildikten sonra uzun dönem ilişkisi için Westerlund (2008), Durbin-H Eşbütünleşme testi uygulanmıştır. Uzun dönem ilişki katsayılarını tespit etmek içinde Genişletilmiş Ortalama Grup (AMG–Augmented Mean Group) tahmincisinden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye, Endonezya ve Rusya ekonomileri için finansal gelişmenin çevre kalitesini artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ekonomik büyüme sonuçları incelendiğinde ise; Hindistan, Çin, Brezilya ve Meksika ekonomileri için ekonomik büyümenin karbon salınımını azaltarak çevre kalitesini artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye ve Rusya içinse ekonomik büyümenin karbon salınımını artırarak çevre kalitesini azalttığı tespit edilmiştir.
Anadolu Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Sistemi’nde Öğrenenlerin Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Uygulamalarına İlişkin Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KARADAĞ Nejdet , ÖZGÜR Aydın Ziya
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada, dünyada açık ve uzaktan eğitim hizmeti sunan mega üniversitelerden biri olan Anadolu Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Sistemi’nde ölçme ve değerlendirme uygulamalarının nasıl geliştirilebileceği araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda öğrenenlerin biçimlendirici ve düzey belirleyici değerlendirme etkinliklerine ilişkin görüşleri incelenerek Sistem’de başka hangi ölçme araç ve tekniklerinin kullanılabileceği belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Karma yöntem araştırma desenlerinden keşfedici yöntemin (NİTEL → nicel) benimsendiği çalışmada; nitel veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla, nicel veriler ise çevrimiçi uygulanan “Ölçme Araçları Değerlendirme ve Tercih Anketi”yle toplanmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelere 12 öğrenen, ankete ise 13.739 öğrenen katılmıştır. Nitel verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılırken nicel verilerin çözümlenmesinde yüzde-frekans tabloları, çoklu uyum analizi, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda; öğrenenleri değerlendirmede kullanılan ölçme araçlarının çeşitlendirilmesi, çevrimiçi sınav olanaklarının artırılması, öğrenenlere öğrenme ve değerlendirme süreciyle ilgili daha fazla geribildirim verilmesi ve öğrenenlere öğrenim gördükleri alanlarda daha fazla uygulama yapma fırsatı tanınması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Innovative Digital Guerrilla Marketing
Authors:   Reutlingen University, ESB Business School, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany, Nufer Gerd
Published: July 2021

Guerrilla marketing is the selection of atypical and non-dogmatic marketing activities that aim to achieve the greatest possible impact – in the ideal case with a comparable minimum investment. Guerrilla marketing has developed into a basic strategy overarching the marketing mix, a basic marketing policy attitude for market development that goes off the beaten track to consciously seek new, unconventional, previously disregarded, possibly even frown-upon possibilities for the deployment of tools. Digital marketing tools such as social media provide new ways and promising opportunities for innovative guerrilla marketing. This article provides an overview of innovative digital guerrilla marketing. It describes and structures guerrilla marketing in a novel form and shows illustrating examples as well as developmental trends.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on the Effect of Passion and Empowerment on Job Performance
Authors: Amalia Prima Rizka , Wahyuningsih Sri Handari , Surwanti Arni
Published: July 2021

Research aims: This research aims to analyze the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on the effect of passion and empowerment on teachers' job performance.Design/Methodology/Approach: Respondents in this research were Muhammadiyah elementary school teachers in Ngampilan and Wirobrajan Districts. This research used nonprobability purposive judgment sampling with the number of respondents as many as 51 teachers. Statistical tests and data processing were then carried out utilizing the Partial least Square (SmartPLS) 3.0.Research findings: The research found that passion had a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. This research also revealed that organizational citizenship behavior and empowerment positively and significantly affected job performance, while passion was significant toward job performance with partial mediation of organizational citizenship behavior.Theoretical Contribution/Originality: OCB serves as a mediating variable in this analysis, while in previous studies, these variables were not mediated by OCB.Practitioners/Policy Implications: As a result, the principal must enable teachers to be flexible in their teaching and learning activities. Teachers must also be active in voluntary activities outside of teaching and learning that can enhance their abilities and skills to improve their performance.Research Limitations/Implications: The study was only performed at Muhammadiyah elementary schools in Ngampilan and Wirobrajan Districts. Therefore, the collected data had a low degree of normality.
Comparison of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio among severe acute respiratory illness COVID-19 positive and negative patients and to correlate with disease severity
Authors: Shenoy Guruprasad C. , Ramaiah Madhumathi , Kamaraddi Shreedevi , Somashekar Pallavi , Subramanya Sachin Katte
Published: July 2021

Background: COVID-19, a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, has caused a wide impact globally. Clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranges widely including asymptomatic infection, mild upper respiratory tract infection, severe pneumonia, ARDS, MODS and even death. Neutrophil-lymphocyte (NL) ratio is an indicator of systemic inflammatory response. Many previous studies have shown NL ratio to be good prognostic marker for COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods: A study was conducted on 265 SARI (severe acute respiratory illness) patients who were admitted in hospitals attached to BMCRI between May 2020 and September 2020. History was taken, general and systemic examination was done. Patients were categorized into moderate and severe illness. RT-PCR for all patients was done using throat and nasal swab. Total WBC counts and differential counts were estimated. NL ratio was correlated with pneumonia severity and compared between COVID-19 positive and negative SARI.Results: The study included 265 SARI patients, of which 135 were COVID-19 positive patients and 130 were COVID-19 negative. The patients were further sub-categorised into moderate and severe SARI. Mean age for COVID-19 positive severe SARI was higher than the moderate SARI. Males were majority of the subjects. Out of 265, 99 patients (37.4%) had diabetes. Out of this, 34 (42%) were COVID-19 positive (severe) followed by 28 (51.9%) COVID-19 positive (moderate). Mean NL ratio was higher in COVID-19 positive (severe) subjects 15.95±10.31 followed by COVID-19 positive (moderate) subjects 8.99±6.22. There was significant difference with respect to NL ratio between COVID-19 positive and negative subjects. NL ratio levels were high in subjects having diabetes in COVID-19 positive severe sub group and COVID-19 positive severe hypertension sub group as compared to other sub groups.Conclusions: NL ratio was higher in patients with COVID-19 positive SARI as compared to COVID-19 negative SARI. There was significant correlation between increase in NL ratio and disease severity of COVID-19 positive pneumonia. We found that increase in NL ratio was associated with co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
Експериментальне дослідження стійкості підкріплених циліндричних оболонок при осьовому стисканні
Authors: Todchuk Volodymyr
Published: July 2021

Мета: показати реальний вплив початкових недосконалостей на верхнює критичне навантаження циліндричних оболонок. Метод: Аналіз експериментальних даних. Результати: У статті представлені результати експериментальних досліджень стійкості циліндричних оболонок, підкріплених стрінгерами з початковими несовешенствамі форми, при осьовому стисненні.  Проведено детальний аналіз експериментальних даних. Зроблено висновок про стійкість циліндричних оболонок. Дано рекомендації щодо напрямків подальших досліджень. Обговорення: велика різниця між експериментальними і теоретичними осьовими критичними навантаженнями циліндричних оболонок змусила дослідників шукати причини цієї відмінності. Вважалося, що однією з основних причин є наявність первинних дефектів в оболонках. Потім виникли сумніви в правдивості цього твердження. Були суперечливі думки. Виникла необхідність з'ясувати реальний вплив початкових дефектів на стійкість циліндричних оболонок.
Моделювання роботи жорсткої аеродромної конструкції з шаром посилення із модифікованого бетону
Authors: Krayushkina Kateryna
Published: July 2021

Метою даної статті є представлення результатів дослідження експлуатаційної придатності існуючого наведеного покриття аеродрому експериментальними та теоретичними методами. На основі аналізу результатів проведених досліджень було визначено, що матеріалом, який забезпечує експлуатаційні характеристики, а саме: тріщиностійкість, тривкість на розтяг, ударну в’язкість, опір стиранності – є модифікований бетон, тобто бетон з введенням добавок, які позитивно впливають на структуру і експлуатаційні властивості. В даній роботі приведені результати досліджень шару посилення, улаштованого із бетону з введенням найбільш поширених модифікаторів полімерної речовини (бетон полімер-цементний РСС – Polіmer Cement Concrete) та базальтового рубленого волокна – фібри (фібробетон базальтовий FRC – Fiber Reinforced Basalt concrete).
Реализация национального проекта «Образование» в условиях пандемии: характеристики и проблемы
Authors: Сицинский Г.Ю.
Published: July 2021

В настоящей статье автор анализирует исполнение национального проекта «Образование» в сложных эпидемиологических условиях. Автор рассматривает финансовый аспект, структурные изменения национального проекта. Проводится анализ проблем, которые возникли во время пандемии, в первую очередь – проблему дистанционного обучения, внедрения современных цифровых технологий. В статье представлен вывод о двойственном характере реализации национального проекта «Образование» во время пандемии.
Коммуникативные аспекты ребрендинга автомобильного бренда премиум-класса
Authors: Безпалов В.В. , Лочан С.А. , Федюнин Д.В.
Published: July 2021

В условиях повсеместной глобализации, безграничного расширения информационного пространства, все более глубокого взаимодействия между различными странами и населяющими их народами конкуренция приобретает принципиально другой вид и другой статус. Потребитель имеет реальную возможность достаточно быстро не только узнать о появлении подобного товара, производимого конкурентами, но и приобрести его через сеть интернет. Уникальные же по скорости почтовые услуги надежно доставят товар в течение 2-5 дней в любую точку мира, независимо от места нахождения потребителя, а также страны - производителя указанного товара. Поэтому, в рамках острой конкурентной борьбы, стремления сформировать лояльность и приверженность потребителя к определенной компании и производимым ею товарам/услугам, проведение ребрендинга приобрело чрезвычайно популярный характер. Данный прием широко используется как премиальными автомобильными брендами, так и такими массовыми брендами.
Методы оценки устойчивого развития
Authors: Нафикова Л.Ш.
Published: July 2021

Концепция устойчивого развития приобрела немалую популярность в научных и практических кругах в последнее время. Во многом, этому способствовала современная ситуация поиска более эффективной модели управления социально-экономическими системами. Экономический кризис, рост активности государства в экономике, влияние региональных и межгосударственных союзов на перераспределение экономических сил повлекло рост неопределенности. Это в свою очередь, усилилось наличием нерешенных вопросов теоретического толка: ни одна теория развития экономических систем на современном этапе не может в полном объеме объяснить всю совокупность явлений, происходящих в экономике мира.
Значимость развития навыков межкультурного общения при обучении иностранным языкам
Authors: Коляда Н.А.
Published: July 2021

Рассматривается преподавание иностранного языка как средства повседневного общения с носителями другой культуры. Особое внимание уделяется межкультурному обучению, способствующему достижению межкультурной коммуникации. Предлагаются возможности для развития способностей и навыков межкультурного общения с привлечением материала лингвострановедческого содержания, приводятся примеры упражнений для развития и закрепления навыков межкультурного общения, направленные на умение интерпретировать существующие различные модели восприятия мира, соотносить иные культурные обычаи и нравы со своими поведенческими нормами.
Search for Ways to overcome the Crisis by Representatives of Russian Religious Thought
Authors: Kovaleva M.V. , Mikhailov O.V.
Published: July 2021

The crisis at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries affected different countries and different aspects of social life, which was inevitable both due to geographical proximity and cultural, economic, political and other intersections. Addressing the topic of the sociocultural crisis was characteristic of both Russian and Western European philosophers of the early 20th century. The author in the article refers to the understanding of its features and ways to overcome it in the context of the ideas of Russian religious philosophers. An integral feature of Russian philosophical thought in the context of assessing the ongoing social changes and the search for ways out of a crisis situation is an understanding of the special purpose of Russia and an awareness of its role in human history. The works of Russian philosophers are full of anxiety about the future of mankind, about the fate of Russia, a premonition of possible death, therefore it is no coincidence that the appeal to the theme of the Apocalypse, the impending catastrophe, the end of history is perceived as a real threat to the existence of mankind. With all the diversity of approaches to assessing the sociocultural crisis, Russian thinkers are united by common philosophical roots, religion, national and cultural traditions. In the context of understanding the crisis processes of the early twentieth century, Russian religious thinkers raise the question of the role and significance of a person in the transformation of life, thereby actualizing the moral and anthropological problems.
Minimally Invasive Method of Treatment of Biliary Tract Strictures
Authors: Semenov Dmitry Yuryevich , Did-Zurabova Elena Sergeevna , Kulikov Dmitry Viktorovich , Gonchar Michail Viktorovich
Published: July 2021

The article presents a minimally invasive method for treating strictures of a biliodigestive anastomosis, which consists in creating access to the intestinal lumen without entering the abdominal cavity. A guideline in this is the scar on the anterior abdominal wall, which remained after the removal of the circular drainage or Volker's drainage. In this way, in our clinic, 10 patients were operated on after an operation to form a biliodigestive anastomosis on a disconnected RF loop. A clinical case with a follow-up period of more than 10 years is presented. There was no recurrence of strictures, and according to the data of clinical, echographic and biochemical examinations, all of them had a good long-term result.
Features of the Management of Surgical Patients in the Context
of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ostroushko Anton Petrovich , Aralova Maria Valeryevna , Menshikova Svetlana Sergeevna , Alexeevich Andreev Alexander , Glukhov Aleksandr Anatolevich
Published: July 2021

he number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 exceeded 35 million, and the number of deaths amounted to 770 thousand cases, and this data is setting new records every day. According to the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 31.01.20 No. 66, SARS-CoV-2 is included in the list of diseases that pose a danger to others, along with particularly dangerous infections. The article presents the latest data on the properties of the virus, its resistance, transmission routes, and mechanisms of action. Attention is focused on the features of collecting anamnesis, conducting diagnostics, and complex treatment of patients with suspected COVID-19. The authors conclude that when treating these patients in a surgical hospital, it is necessary to take into account the increasing complexity of the work of medical personnel, the conduct of thorough disinfection of all equipment, it is recommended to use remote consultations and monitoring of the condition of patients, suspend programs of face-to-face monitoring of treated persons, reduce the number of visits to patients by medical staff, take into account the likelihood of a significant decrease in tissue oxygenation, body defenses, the development of water-electrolyte disorders, exacerbation of chronic diseases, activation of "dormant" foci of infection, mutual aggravation of viral infection, pneumonia and surgical pathology, administration of glucocorticosteroids and low-molecular-weight heparins.
Calidad de vida en pacientes con cirugía de adenoides y amígdalas. Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca. Enero 2012 - junio 2016
Authors: Sánchez Zamora Angélica Viviana , Saquisilí Reyes Amanda Carla , Alvarado Becerra Segundo Napoleón
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: determinar la calidad de vida (CV) de los pacientes antes y después de: adenoidectomía, amigdalectomía y/o adenoamigdalectomía; que fueron operados en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, de enero del 2012 a junio del 2016. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo; en 74 pacientes operados de adenoidectomía, amigdalectomía y/o adenoamigdalectomía en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso (HVCM). La información se recolectó de las historias clínicas y del formulario de recolección de datos donde constan las variables demográficas, el cuestionario OSA-18 y la escala Graffar modificada. Se usaron las medidas estadísticas frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje; se calculó la Prueba de McNemar mediante el programa SPSS 15.00 versión evaluación. Resultados: la media de años fue 7.01 ± 3.32, predominó el nivel socioeconómico medio bajo 39.2%, la hipertrofia de adenoides y/o amígdalas palatinas fue la patología más frecuente en el sexo masculino 56.8%, la cirugía de adenoamigdalectomía en el 59.5% fue la que más se efectuó, existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la CV antes y después del tratamiento quirúrgico, McNemar p= 0.000a. Conclusiones: los pacientes del HVCM con hipertrofia de adenoides y/o amígdalas palatinas mejoraron su CV luego del tratamiento quirúrgico.
Osteoporosis en pacientes con artritis reumatoide que reciben corticoides a dosis bajas
Authors: Guevara Serrano Karen Dayana , Guzhñay Bernal Silvia Maribel
Published: July 2021

Antecedentes: la osteoporosis (OP) es una comorbilidad frecuente en pacientes con artritis reumatoide (AR) que toman dosis bajas de glucocorticoides (GCs) (<7.5mg), lo que ocasiona mala absorción del calcio, disminución de la masa ósea y riesgo de fractura. Objetivo: establecer la frecuencia de OP y densidad mineral ósea (DMO) baja en pacientes con AR que toman dosis bajas de GCs del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso (HVCM). Metodología: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, realizado en pacientes con AR atendidos en consulta externa del HVCM, que reciben además de la medicación convencional drogas antirreumáticas modificadoras de la enfermedad (DMARDs) y dosis bajas de GCs. La muestra fue calculada en base a una frecuencia del 30% de OP. Para el diagnóstico de OP se utilizó densitometría axial (DXA) con los criterios OMS. La información se procesó en SPSS versión 15. Resultados: el estudio se realizó con 161 pacientes con AR que tomaban dosis bajas de GCs, el 96.3% fue del género femenino, el grupo etario de 40 a 64 años representó el 60.2%, la mayoría se desempeña en quehaceres domésticos con un 78.9%. La DMO en columna lumbar fue baja con 39.1% y OP 37.9%; el DMO en cuello femoral fue 39.8% y OP 17.4%. Conclusiones: se encontró frecuencia de OP y DMO disminuida en pacientes con AR que toman GCs en dosis bajas; siendo, más frecuente la OP y DMO disminuida en mayores a 64 años con AR y que toman GCs durante más de diez años.
Frecuencia y factores predictores para ureteroscopía en blanco, estudio prospectivo observacional en el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile. 2016-2019
Authors: Abad Espinoza Jaime Andrés , Acevedo Castillo Cristian Andrés , Ossandon Salas Enrique Antonio
Published: July 2021

Introducción: la ureteroscopía hoy en día es la opción terapéutica preferida para el tratamiento de la litiasis ureteral. La ausencia de litiasis durante el intraoperatorio; es decir, la eliminación espontánea previa a la intervención está descrita en un 13.7% en reportes internacionales. En este estudio se determinó la tasa de ureteroscopía en blanco en el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, así como también factores de riesgo asociados. Métodos: se incluyeron pacientes con historia de cólico renal previo y diagnóstico imagenológico con tomografía computarizada (TC) de litiasis ureteral, con indicación quirúrgica, sometidos a ureteroscopía semirrígida en un solo centro, entre los años 2016-2019. Se recolectaron a través de un formulario, datos pertinentes a tamaño, localización y densidad de la litiasis, además del tiempo de sintomatología, fecha de tomografía previo a la cirugía y la presencia o no de litiasis durante la intervención. Se analizaron las variables categóricas a través de test Chi-cuadrado y continuas con T-student. Resultados: de 156 pacientes analizados 24 (15.4%) resultaron ureteroscopías en blanco. No existió diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cuanto a edad, sexo o localización. Se pudieron determinar dos factores de riesgo asociados: 26% para el tamaño de la litiasis <7mm (p= 0.017) y 23% para el tiempo transcurrido desde la última TC>30 días (p=0.006), aumentando el riesgo en el grupo que cumplía con ambos criterios hasta un 35% (p=0.009). Conclusión: según los resultados, es fundamental el estudio preoperatorio con TC actualizada en pacientes con litiasis <7mm e imágenes de >30 días de antigüedad, para así reducir el riesgo de una intervención en blanco.
Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) para el estudio de la Eficiencia Técnica en los Sistemas de Salud: Una revisión bibliográfica y metodológica en el contexto ecuatoriano
Authors: Suin Guaraca Luis Heriberto , Duque Rodríguez Mónica Alexandra , Aguirre Quezada Juan Carlos
Published: July 2021

Introducción: el financiamiento de los sistemas de salud ha sido el principal objetivo de las políticas públicas, sobre todo por la utilización de recursos escasos; es necesario que las nuevas intervenciones sanitarias demuestren, además de garantizar su eficacia terapéutica, que son eficientes. Objetivo: realizar una revisión exhaustiva de la metodología utilizada a propósito de medir la eficiencia técnica en el sector de la salud. Metodología: se desarrolló una descripción extensa sobre el sistema de salud en el Ecuador y una profunda indagación bibliográfica sobre el DEA, complementando el análisis y síntesis de observaciones particulares y de teorías generales para establecer conclusiones probables y válidas. Resultados: el DEA se muestra como la metodología que mejor capta la eficiencia en el uso de recursos, fundamentalmente por su versatilidad al incorporar una amplia cantidad de variables de diferente índole y medida, resultando importante por la poca disponibilidad y heterogeneidad de la información existente, calculando y analizando la eficiencia técnica de acuerdo a las necesidades del investigador o a la disponibilidad de datos. Conclusiones: la investigación describe de manera clara la metodología DEA y particularmente, la importancia y versatilidad que tiene en la medida de la eficiencia técnica en el sector de la salud.
Papéis ocupacionais de um pai e cuidador principal de um portador de esquizofrenia
Authors: Ribeiro Emmanuelle Cristina Silva , Ruzzi-Pereira Andrea
Published: July 2021

Este é um estudo de caso qualitativo, realizado em 2018 numa cidade do interior mineiro, num Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para adultos, com o objetivo de analisar os papéis ocupacionais de um familiar, cuidador principal de um filho com esquizofrenia. Utilizou-se a Lista de Identificação de Papéis Ocupacionais e entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados e aplicada a análise de conteúdo temática. Observou-se impacto nos papéis ocupacionais do pai ao tornar-se cuidador, em razão da sobrecarga emocional, social e financeira vivenciada durante o processo de cuidado e pela burocracia da administração pública. Os papeis de cuidador, membro de família e passatempo se apresentaram como presentes e possíveis de seguirem no futuro. Ser cuidador de uma pessoa com transtorno mental mostrou acarretar a perda de vários papéis ocupacionais.