bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hierarchical Sb2MoO6 Architectures and Their Electrochemical Behaviors as Anode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Lu Xuan , Wang Zhenyu , Lu Lu , Yang Guang , Niu Chunming , Wang Hongkang
Published: August 2016

Hierarchical Sb2MoO6 nanostructures assembled from nanobelts are hydrothermally prepared from aqueous mixtures of Na2MoO4 and SbF3 (microwave digestion tank, microwave irradiation, 160 °C, 90 min) and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, TEM, and electrochemical measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of the Increasing Size of the M2+ Cation on the Crystal Structures of XeF5M(SbF6)3 (M: Ni, Mg, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, Pd) and (XeF5)3 [Hg(HF)]2(SbF6)7.
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny
Published: August 2016

Crystallizations of XeF5SbF6 and M(SbF6)2 (M: Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ag, Pd, Zn, Cd, Hg) are carried out in anhydrous HF and yield the new compounds XeF5M(SbF6)3 (M: Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Pd, Zn) and (XeF5)3 [Hg(HF)]2(SbF6)7.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Single‐Crystal Structure Determination, and Vibrational Spectroscopy of the Europium Borate Eu[B6O8(OH)5] ·H3BO3.
Authors: Ortner Teresa S. , Wurst Klaus , Seibald Markus , Joachim Bastian , Huppertz Hubert
Published: August 2016

The new title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Eu(NO3)3·6H2O and H3BO3 without additional water (autoclave, 240 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: A Vanadogermanate Dimer‐Based Chain with Magnetic and Luminescent Properties.
Authors: Li Ning , He Danfeng , Lu Ying , Liu Yiwei , Xu Li , Zhong Xiahua , Guo Zehong , Liu Shuxia
Published: August 2016

{[Cd(en)2] [Cd(en)]2Ge8V12 (OH)8}2{ [Cd(en)(H2O]2}·en·2H2O is hydrothermally prepared from an aqueous mixture of NaVO3, GeO2, CdCl2, H2C2O4, en, and KOH (autoclave, pH 10.2, 150 °C, 4 d, 44% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Hydrogen‐Bonding Linked 3‐D Polyoxomolybdate.
Authors: Cui Jian , Gourigari Mahesh Babu
Published: August 2016

[(NH4)2Mo4O13]n is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of (NH4)2MoO4, nicotinic acid, 4,4′‐bipyridine, and H2O in the molar ratio of 2:1:2:333 (autoclave, 190 °C, 3.5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Oxidation State Keggin‐Type Isopolyoxomolybdate (C3H5N2)4H [MoVI0.5MoVI12O40]: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Electrocatalytic Properties.
Authors: Zhao Yanqing , Li Fengyan , Sun Zhixia , Zhang Yuzhuo , Xu Lin
Published: August 2016

The title compound is synthesized from a mixture of Na2MoO4 and imidazole (pH 2—3, 70—80 °C, 18% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Comprehensive Characterization of the Electronic Structure of U4+ in Uranium(IV) Phosphate Chloride.
Authors: Bronova Anna , Dross Thomas , Glaum Robert , Lueken Heiko , Speldrich Manfred , Urland Werner
Published: August 2016

Emerald‐green single crystals of U(PO4)Cl are prepared by chemical vapor transport in a temperature gradient of 1000 → 900 °C from a stoichiometric mixture of UP2O7, UO2, and ZrCl4.
ChemInform Abstract: Time‐Resolved X‐Ray Scattering and Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Formation of a Uranium‐Vanadium‐Phosphorus‐Peroxide Cage Cluster.
Authors: Qiu Jie , Dembowski Mateusz , Szymanowski Jennifer E. S. , Toh Wen Cong , Burns Peter C.
Published: August 2016

Crystals of Li102 [(UO2)48(O2)12 (VO5)6(PO4)48] (H2O)246 (I) are synthesized from aqueous solutions of UO2(NO3)2, H2O2, LiOH, VOSO4, and H3PO4 (room temperature, 3 weeks, 16% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Complexes with Tetradentate Schiff Bases or Their Corresponding Amines: Synthesis and Application in Heck Reactions.
Authors: Andrade Aretha P. S. , Arantes Lucas M. , Kadooca Juliana Y. , Carvalho Renato L. , de Fatima Angelo , Sabino Adao A.
Published: August 2016

Six Pd‐complexes are screened for Heck reactions and the best results are achieved with catalysts (PDI) and (IMP).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Lithium—Iodine Exchange‐Initiated Cleavage of 2‐Iodomethyl‐1,3‐dioxanes: A Complex‐Induced Proximity Effect.
Authors: Bailey William F. , Fair Justin D.
Published: August 2016

The fragmentation of 4‐substituted 2‐iodomethyl‐1,3‐dioxanes proceeds rapidly and regioselectively to afford enol ether alcohols by preferential cleavage of the less congested C(2)—O(1) bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Cyclopropanation of Enals Using Benzyl Chlorides.
Authors: Meazza Marta , Ashe Maria , Shin Hun Yi , Yang Hye Sung , Mazzanti Andrea , Yang Jung Woon , Rios Ramon
Published: August 2016

Aryl‐ and alkyl substituted enals react according to the regioselective title reaction to form a mixture of three diastereomeric cyclopropanation products in high yields and with often very high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Triazole Acetyl Gold(III) Catalyzed Meyer—Schuster Rearrangement of Propargyl Alcohols.
Authors: Yang Yongchun , Shen Yanan , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Yao , Wang Dawei , Shi Xiaodong
Published: August 2016

The newly developed Au(III) catalyst shows high activity in Meyer—Schuster rearrangement of propargyl alcohols for enone synthesis under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbamate‐Directed Regioselective Halogenation: A Route to Halogenated Anilines.
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Tavakoli Ghazal , Saeednia Borna , Langer Peter , Jafari Behzad
Published: August 2016

An efficient, scalable procedure for the 2‐halogenation of 4‐substituted N‐arylcarbamates with N‐halosuccinimides is developed which tolerates various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Operationally Simple Hydrotrifluoromethylation of Alkenes with Sodium Triflinate Enabled by Ir Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Zhu Lei , Wang Lian‐Sheng , Li Bojie , Fu Boqiao , Zhang Cheng‐Pan , Li Wei
Published: August 2016

The title reaction works well with terminal alkenes and yields anti‐Markovnikov products.
ChemInform Abstract: Enolizable Carbonyls and N,O‐Acetals: A Rational Approach for Room‐Temperature Lewis Superacid‐Catalyzed Direct α‐Amidoalkylation of Ketones and Aldehydes.
Authors: Touati Bahria , El Bouakher Abderrahman , Taillier Catherine , Othman Raja Ben , Trabelsi‐Ayadi Malika , Antoniotti Sylvain , Dunach Elisabet , Dalla Vincent
Published: August 2016

An efficient catalytic room‐temperature direct α‐amidoalkylation of ketones and aldehydes with unbiased N,O‐acetals is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Cui Lei , Chen He , Liu Chao , Li Chaozhong
Published: August 2016

A facile protocol is developed for the decarboxylative radical allylation of a wide range of carboxylic acids with allyl sulfones.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh2(esp)2: An Efficient Catalyst for O—H Insertion Reactions of Carboxylic Acids into Acceptor/Acceptor Diazo Compounds.
Authors: Hunter Arianne C. , Chinthapally Kiran , Sharma Indrajeet
Published: August 2016

The title reaction generally proceeds within a few minutes under mild conditions to provide insertion products in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cavitand‐Based Polyphenols as Highly Reactive Organocatalysts for the Coupling of Carbon Dioxide and Oxiranes.
Authors: Martinez‐Rodriguez Luis , Otalora Garmilla Javier , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: August 2016

The easily accessible modular cavitand structures are applied in the coupling of carbon dioxide with mono‐ and 1,1‐disubstituted as well as cyclic and acyclic 1,2‐disubstituted oxiranes.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic β‐Alkenylation of N‐Alkoxyenamines: An Umpolung Strategy for the Preparation of β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Nandi Raj Kumar , Takeda Norihiko , Ueda Masafumi , Miyata Okiko
Published: August 2016

A procedure for nucleophilic β‐alkenylation of N‐alkoxyenamines with alkenyl aluminum reagents under mild conditions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Vinylcyclopropanes and α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes by Synergistic Palladium and Organocatalysis
Authors: Halskov Kim Soeholm , Naesborg Line , Tur Fernando , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: August 2016

affording highly substituted cyclopentanes with up to four stereocenters in high yields and selectivities
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemo‐ and Regioselective Construction of Spirocarbocycles by a Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Dearomatization of Phenol‐Based Biaryls with 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Luo Lei , Zheng Huayu , Liu Jingjing , Wang Hui , Wang Yaoyu , Luan Xinjun
Published: August 2016

The title reaction involves a sequence of oxidative addition to the C—I bond, regioselective olefin insertion, and allylative dearomatization to form spirocyclic products in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Assisted Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Methyl Ethers by C—O Bond‐Cleaving Alkylation: Prevention of Undesired β‐Hydride Elimination.
Authors: Liu Xiangqian , Hsiao Chien‐Chi , Kalvet Indrek , Leiendecker Matthias , Guo Lin , Schoenebeck Franziska , Rueping Magnus
Published: August 2016

A new dealkoxylative alkylation method is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Synthesis by the Pd‐Catalyzed Cross Coupling on Sulfonylhydrazones with Aromatic Sulfinates.
Authors: Tan Hongyu , Houpis Ioannis , Li Yunfei , Wang Youchu , Liu Renmao , Chen Zhilong
Published: August 2016

Electron‐rich sulfinates react under oxidative conditions with electron‐deficient arylsulfonylhydrazones to afford the corresponding olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Practical Copper‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Deldaele Christopher , Evano Gwilherm
Published: August 2016

The Ullmann—Goldberg‐type title reaction is applied to a broad spectrum of aryl iodides and amines and the products are generally obtained without the need for purification by column chromatography.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation in Acid Deep Eutectic Solvent: Chalcones Synthesis via Claisen—Schmidt Reaction.
Authors: Tiecco Matteo , Germani Raimondo , Cardellini Fabio
Published: August 2016

An acid deep eutectic solvent obtained from (+)‐CSA and the sulfonate (PSU) is used as catalytic reaction solvent for Claisen‐Schmidt condensation of aldehydes and methylketones to produce chalcones.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Reaction Cascade of Thiophenol Hydroxylation and S‐Arylation Through Disulfide‐Directed C—H Activation.
Authors: Wang Dawei , Yu Xin , Yao Wei , Hu Wenkang , Ge Chenyang , Shi Xiaodong
Published: August 2016

A copper‐catalyzed thiophenol C—H activation is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Promoted Syntheses of β‐Keto Sulfones from Alkynes and Sulfonylhydrazides.
Authors: Cai Shunyou , Chen Danling , Xu Yaohui , Weng Wen , Li Lihuang , Zhang Ruijie , Huang Mingqiang
Published: August 2016

The reaction tolerates various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed α‐Benzylation of Sulfones with Esters via C—O Activation.
Authors: Xiao Jing , Yang Jia , Chen Tieqiao , Han Li‐Biao
Published: August 2016

The utility of this method is demonstrated in the preparation of compound (IX), a precursor in the synthesis of N‐methyl eletriptan (X).
ChemInform Abstract: An Approach to Tetraphenylenes via Pd‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Jiang Hang , Zhang Yu , Chen Dushen , Zhou Bo , Zhang Yanghui
Published: August 2016

The scalable homocoupling of 2‐iodobiphenyls with two meta or para‐substituents provides substituted tetraphenylenes in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Transformation of 1,3‐Diarylisobenzofuran‐DMAD Adducts: A Facile Preparation of Tri‐Substituted α‐Naphthols.
Authors: Karunakaran Jayachandran , Nandakumar Meganathan , Senthil Kumar Natarajan , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K.
Published: August 2016

A three‐step reaction sequence consisting of a Diels‐Alder reaction between 1,3‐diarylisobenzofurans (IBFs) and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD), an aryl migration and a Krapcho decarboxylation is described which may be performed with or without isolation of the IBF‐DMAD adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of 2‐Vinyl Benzaldehydes with 3‐Alkenyl 2‐Bromocarbonyls for the Rapid Construction of 3,4‐Cyclopenta‐1‐tetralones.
Authors: Zhu Hui , Nie Xingliang , Huang Qianwen , Zhu Gangguo
Published: August 2016

A straightforward, efficient, and highly diastereoselective method for the construction of 3,4‐cyclopenta‐1‐tetralones via the copper‐catalyzed cascade annulation of 2‐vinyl benzaldehydes with 3‐alkenyl 2‐bromocarbonyls is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Step Synthesis of Fluoranthenes Through Pd‐Catalyzed Inter‐ and Intramolecular C—H Arylation.
Authors: Yamaguchi Miyuki , Higuchi Mayu , Tazawa Kanae , Manabe Kei
Published: August 2016

Starting from α‐naphthols and halobenzenes, a three‐step procedure involving Miura′s intermolecular C—H arylation, O‐derivatization to form a suitable leaving group, and intramolecular C—H arylation leads to a series of fluoranthenes.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis and Sigma Receptor Binding Studies of Novel Spirocyclic‐2,6‐diketopiperazine Derivatives.
Authors: Ghandi Mehdi , Sherafat Fatemeh , Sadeghzadeh Masoud , Alirezapour Behrouz
Published: August 2016

The title compounds are prepared from benzoic acids, cyclic ketones, ethylglycinate hydrochloride, and cyclohexyl isocyanide by an one‐pot, two‐step sequential Ugi/intramolecular N‐amidation process.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Assembly of Spirooxindole‐naphthopyrans Through Tandem Friedel—Crafts Type/Hemiketalization
Authors: Muthusamy Subramaniam , Prakash Muthuraj , Ramakrishnan Chandrasekaran , Gromiha M. Michael , Kesavan Venkitasamy
Published: August 2016

starting from various oxindole α‐ketoester and 2‐naphthol
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Ammonium Hypoiodite Salt‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxidative Cycloetherification to 2‐Acyl Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Uyanik Muhammet , Hayashi Hiroki , Iwata Hirokazu , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: August 2016

Several 2‐substituted tetrahydrofurans are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Three‐Step Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted NH‐Pyrroles.
Authors: Reekie Tristan A. , Donckele Etienne J. , Manenti Giorgio , Puentener Salome , Trapp Nils , Diederich Francois
Published: August 2016

The title pyrroles are highly regioselectively prepared in one step by reaction of buta‐1,3‐dienes bearing electron‐withdrawing groups with nitrogen‐based nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free, C—H Arylation of Indole and Its Derivatives with Aryl Diazonium Salts by Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Zhang Ying‐Peng , Feng Xiao‐Long , Yang Yun‐Shang , Cao Bi‐Xia
Published: August 2016

A novel, general, efficient and environmentally benign synthesis 3‐arylindoles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization/Electrophilic Amidation for the Synthesis of 3‐Amidoindoles and 3‐Amidofurans.
Authors: Hu Zhiyong , Tong Xiaofeng , Liu Guixia
Published: August 2016

The title synthesis is based on the efficient reaction between N‐pivaloyloxyamides as the umpolung agent and various alkynylanilines which may contain diverse substituents on the alkynyl moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Furan‐to‐Indole Rearrangement. Synthesis of 2‐(2‐Acylvinyl)indoles and Flinderole C Analogues.
Authors: Makarov Anton S. , Merkushev Anton A. , Uchuskin Maxim G. , Trushkov Igor V.
Published: August 2016

It is found, that the reaction stereoselectivity is governed by substituents in the phenyl group giving (Z)‐alkenes (II) and (IV) for electron‐neutral and electron deficient substrates, whereas electron rich substrates produce (E)‐alkenes such as (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: C2‐Alkylation and Alkenylation of Indoles Catalyzed by a Low‐Valent Cobalt Complex in the Absence of Reductant.
Authors: Fallon Brendan J. , Derat Etienne , Amatore Muriel , Aubert Corinne , Chemla Fabrice , Ferreira Franck , Perez‐Luna Alejandro , Petit Marc
Published: August 2016

The use of a well‐defined low‐valent cobalt complex for the functionalization of indoles in the absence of an external reductant or additives is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Wittig—Diels Alder Reaction: Synthesis of Carbazole Lignans.
Authors: Tilve Santosh G. , Torney Prachi S. , Patre Rupesh E. , Kamat Durga P. , Srinivasan Bikshandarkoil R. , Zubkov Fedor I.
Published: August 2016

A convenient two step protocol for the synthesis of carbazole lignans involving domino Wittig reaction/Diels—Alder reaction followed by aromatization with DDQ is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cyclizations for the Synthesis of Pyrroloindoles: Progress Toward the Flinderoles.
Authors: Tejeda Joanne E. Curiel , Landschoot Bryan K. , Kerr Michael A.
Published: August 2016

Cyclopropanes undergo nucleophilic ring opening by indolines to form N‐alkyl indolines, which can be oxidatively cyclized to 1,2‐pyrroloindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization and Ketonization: One Pot Synthesis of Benzoimidazo[1,2‐a]imidazolones.
Authors: Selvaraju Manikandan , Ye Tzuen‐Yang , Li Chia‐Hsin , Ho Pei‐Heng , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: August 2016

Alkylaldehydes and ‐acetylenes are non‐feasible substrates for this method.
ChemInform Abstract: I2 Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazoles from Amidines and Imidates.
Authors: Inturi Surendra Babu , Kalita Biswajit , Ahamed A. Jafar
Published: August 2016

I2/Cs2CO3 mediated metal free methodology to synthesize symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3,5‐disubstituted‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole derivatives from amidines and imidates involving one‐pot C—N and N—N bond formation is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Three‐Component Approach to 3,5‐Diaryl‐1,2,4‐thiadiazoles under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Xie Hao , Cai Jinhui , Wang Zilong , Huang Huawen , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: August 2016

A facile protocol is developed for the synthesis of the title compounds from 2‐methylquinolines or aldehydes, amidines and elemental sulfur.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 5‐Aryl‐2‐alkyltetrazoles with Aromatic Aldehydes, Alkylhydrazine, Di‐tert‐butyl Azodicarboxylate, and [Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene.
Authors: Imai Taro , Harigae Ryo , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: August 2016

A novel one‐pot, two‐step preparation of 5‐aryltetrazoles from aromatic aldehydes and alkylhydrazines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective [4 + 2]‐Annulation of Oxadienes and Allenones Catalyzed by an Amino Acid Derived Phosphine: Synthesis of Functionalized Dihydropyrans.
Authors: Ni Huanzhen , Yao Weijun , Waheed Abdul , Ullah Nisar , Lu Yixin
Published: August 2016

The optimized conditions including a L‐valine‐derived phosphine catalyst (PAM) allow the synthesis of a wide variety of dihydropyrans in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of Electron Deficient Bipyridines.
Authors: Li Hao , Oppenheimer Jossian , Smith Milton R. III , Maleczka Robert E. Jr.
Published: August 2016

The use of stoichiometric Ni(II) significantly improves yields over those previously reported for the preparation of two CF3‐substituted electron deficient bipyridine ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed and Thermally Induced Intramolecular Migration of N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles: New Approaches to 1,2‐Dihydroisoquinolines and 1‐Indanones.
Authors: Sun Run , Jiang Yu , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Shi Min
Published: August 2016

New rhodium(II)‐catalyzed or thermally induced intramolecular alkoxy group migration reactions of N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles furnish1,2‐dihydroisoquinoline and 1‐indanone derivatives according to different conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Carbonyl‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral [4 + 2] Annulation of N—H Imines and Internal Alkynes by C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Jia Teng , Zhao Chongyang , He Ruoyu , Chen Hui , Wang Congyang
Published: August 2016

This iron‐catalyzed annulation of N—H imines and internal alkynes to furnish cis‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinolines represents the first iron‐carbonyl‐catalyzed C—H activation reaction of arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Zhao Yun‐Hui , Li Yubo , Guo Tao , Tang Zilong , Xie Wenlin , Zhao Gang
Published: August 2016

A novel 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between (isoquinolin‐2‐ium‐2‐yl)(tosyl)amide and ethyl acetoacetate for the preparation of 2‐(pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolin‐2‐yl)acetate and 2‐(pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolin‐2‐yl)acetate is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Multicomponent Cascade Inverse Electron‐Demand Aza‐Diels—Alder/Nucleophilic Addition/Ring‐Opening Reaction Involving 2‐Methoxyfurans as Efficient Dienophiles.
Authors: Huang Rong , Chang Xin , Li Jun , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: August 2016

Various tetrahydropyridazines containing a γ‐hydroxyl ester moiety are prepared by an unprecedented asymmetric three‐component cascade reaction from 2‐alkoxyfurans, hydrazones and water.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselectivity in Reactions of Hydrazonoyl Halides with Ethyl 2(3H)‐Permidinylideneacetate.
Authors: Shawali Ahmed Sami , Farghaly Thoraya A. , Nawar Tarek M. S.
Published: August 2016

The chemoselectivity of the title reaction is shown to be depending on the type of the utilized hydrazonoyl halide.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Functionalization of Triazolo[a]‐Annulated 8‐Azapurines.
Authors: Gorbunov Evgeny B. , Rusinov Gennady L. , Ulomsky Evgeny N. , Rusinov Vladimir L. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: August 2016

Direct C—H functionalization of triazolo[a]‐annulated 8‐azapurines with phenol ethers or thiophene is performed using the oxidative nucleophilic displacement of a hydrogen on the pyrimidine ring, proceeding through the intermediacy of the corresponding σH—adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Mediated Benzylic sp3 C—H Bond Functionalization to C—Br or C—N Bond.
Authors: Hou Tianyuan , Lu Ping , Li Pixu
Published: August 2016

A visible‐light‐promoted functionalization of unactivated benzylic sp3 C—H bonds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intramolecular Desymmetrization of meso‐α,α′‐Diazido Alcohols with Aryldiazoacetates: Assembly of Chiral C3 Fragments with Three Continuous Stereocenters.
Authors: Qiao Jin‐Bao , Zhao Yu‐Ming , Gu Peiming
Published: August 2016

The products are formed in very high yields and with very high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: New Methods for the Selective Alkylation of 3‐Thioxo‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5‐ones.
Authors: Ghanim Amany M. , Knight David W. , Osman Nermine A. , Abdel‐Fattah Hanan A. , Kadry Azza M.
Published: August 2016

Highly selective methods for the selective S‐ and N‐alkylation of 1,2,4‐triazine derivatives is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of 1,3‐Diazocine by Palladium Catalyzed C—H Arylation.
Authors: Tang Le , Ren Jing , Ma Yuchi , Wang Xin , Chen Lin , Shen Jingkang , Chen Yue‐Lei , Xiong Bing
Published: August 2016

Multi‐substituted 8‐aminoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazine substrates (I) efficiently prepared by a modified Groebke—Blackburn—Bienayme reaction, undergo a Pd‐catalyzed cyclization to form the rare (Z)‐4,5‐dihydro‐3H‐[1,3]diazocine system.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure Characterization of 1,5‐Benzothiazepine Derivatives Bearing Quinoline Moiety.
Authors: Zeng Y.‐M. , Zeng H.‐H. , Liu F.‐M.
Published: August 2016

Oxadiazolobenzothiazepines (V) are prepared in four steps via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of (quinolinyl)benzothiazepines (III) with benzohydroximinoyl chlorides as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Reaction of Arynes with Tertiary Amines and Aldehydes: Formation of 9‐ and 10‐Membered Dibenzo[1,5]oxaza Heterocycles.
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Kinoshita Hiroaki , Nagahora Noriyoshi , Shioji Kosei
Published: August 2016

In situ generated arynes react with aldehydes and tertiary aromatic amines to give 2‐morpholinophenyl substituted phenyl alkyl ethers of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactivity of Acyclic Chiral Allylzinc Species by a Zinc‐Brook Rearrangement.
Authors: Leibeling Markus , Shurrush Khriesto A. , Werner Veronika , Perrin Lionel , Marek Ilan
Published: August 2016

Enantiomerically enriched α‐hydroxy allylsilanes react via Zinc‐Brook rearrangement to a chiral intermediate, which can be trapped in the presence of an electrophile under retention of configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Unprotected β‐Enamine Phosphonates.
Authors: Zhou Ming , Xue Zejian , Cao Min , Dong Xiu‐Qin , Zhang Xumu
Published: August 2016

For the first time, a strategy for the enantioselective Rh‐TaniaPhos catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of unprotected β‐enamine phosphonates directly to free β‐amino phosphonates is reported which occurs with high yields and good enantioselectivities (up to 86% ee).
ChemInform Abstract: Applanatumols A and B, Meroterpenoids with Unprecedented Skeletons from Ganoderma applanatum.
Authors: Luo Qi , Di Lei , Yang Xiao‐Hua , Cheng Yong‐Xian
Published: August 2016

Applanatumols A (I) and racemic applanatumol B are isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Serralongamines B—D, Three New Lycopodium Alkaloids from Lycopodium serratum var. longipetiolatum, and Their Inhibitory Effects on Foam Cell Formation in Macrophages.
Authors: Ishiuchi Kan'ichiro , Jiang Wen‐Ping , Fujiwara Yukio , Wu Jin‐Bin , Kitanaka Susumu
Published: August 2016

Serralongamines B (I) and D (IIb) exhibit significant inhibitory activity against foam cell formation in human macrophages.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Daphenylline.
Authors: Yamada Ryosuke , Adachi Yohei , Yokoshima Satoshi , Fukuyama Tohru
Published: August 2016

A novel total synthesis of (‐)‐daphenylline, a hexacyclic Daphniphyllum alkaloid, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Ansalactams B—D Illustrate Further Biosynthetic Plasticity within the Ansamycin Pathway.
Authors: Le Tu Cam , Yang Inho , Yoon Yeo Joon , Nam Sang‐Jip , Fenical William
Published: August 2016

Ansalactams B—D exhibit weak antibacterial activity against methicillin‐resistant S.aureus (MRSA).
ChemInform Abstract: Stabilization of ZnS Nanoparticles by Polymeric Matrices: Syntheses, Optical Properties and Recent Applications
Authors: Tiwari Ashish , Dhoble S. J.
Published: August 2016

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum Disulfide Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Arul N. Sabari , Nithya V. D.
Published: August 2016

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin Fluctuations in Iron Pnictides and Chalcogenides: from Antiferromagnetism to Superconductivity
Authors: Inosov Dmytro S.
Published: August 2016

Review: 389 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting Redox Activity in Metal—Organic Frameworks: Concepts, Trends and Perspectives
Authors: D'Alessandro D. M.
Published: August 2016

Review: 167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Porphyrin Syntheses
Authors: Smith Kevin M.
Published: August 2016

Review: 31 refs.+ subrefs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry in Drug Discovery
Authors: Taylor Alexandria P. , Robinson Ralph P. , Fobian Yvette M. , Blakemore David C. , Jones Lyn H. , Fadeyi Olugbeminiyi
Published: August 2016

Review: [104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Conjugated Enynes
Authors: Zhou Yujing , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: August 2016

Review: [65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Gold Mine: [Au]‐Catalyzed Transformations of Enynals, Enynones and Enynols
Authors: Siva Kumari A. Leela , Siva Reddy Alla , Swamy K. C. Kumara
Published: August 2016

Review: [80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Thioetherification Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Ghaderi Arash
Published: August 2016

Review: [87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design for Carbon—Carbon Bond Forming Reactions under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam
Published: August 2016

Review: 460 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Catalysis Utilizing Olefin Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Zielinski Grzegorz K. , Grela Karol
Published: August 2016

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Debenzylative Cycloetherification: An Overlooked Key Strategy for Complex Tetrahydrofuran Synthesis
Authors: Tikad Abdellatif , Delbrouck Julien A. , Vincent Stephane P.
Published: August 2016

Review: [73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Chemistry from Natural Product Biosynthesis
Authors: Hubert Catherine B. , Barry Sarah M.
Published: August 2016

Review: discussion of the potential to use biosynthetic pathways as a starting point fr biocatalyst discovery
ChemInform Abstract: A Viewpoint on Direct Methane Conversion to Ethane and Ethylene Using Oxidative Coupling on Solid Catalysts
Authors: Farrell Brittany Lancaster , Igenegbai Valentina Omoze , Linic Suljo
Published: August 2016

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Supported Chemistry of Silicon
Authors: Rivard Eric
Published: August 2016

Review: stabilization of the reactive bonding environments of silicon with N ‐heterocylic carbene donors
ChemInform Abstract: Nuphar Dimers: Crouching Sulfur, Hidden Reactivity
Authors: Marcaurelle Lisa A. , Mulvihill Mark J.
Published: August 2016

Review: 6 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinolizidine‐Containing Lycopodium Alkaloids and Related Natural Products
Authors: Veerasamy Nagarathanam , Carter Rich G.
Published: August 2016

Review: [44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans and Applications in Total Synthesis
Authors: de la Torre Aurelien , Cuyamendous Claire , Bultel‐Ponce Valerie , Durand Thierry , Galano Jean‐Marie , Oger Camille
Published: August 2016

Review: 210 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of Disulfide‐Rich Conotoxins in Drug Design Applications
Authors: Wu Xiaosa , Huang Yen‐Hua , Kaas Quentin , Craik David J.
Published: August 2016

Review: [91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Guidelines for the Synthesis of Small‐Molecule Irreversible Probes Targeting G Protein‐Coupled Receptors
Authors: Joerg Manuela , Scammells Peter J.
Published: August 2016

Review: [62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Acyloxylation: Activation of C(sp2)—H and C(sp3)—H Bonds
Authors: Moghimi Setareh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: August 2016

Review: [124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Stimuli‐Induced Polydiacetylenes for Sensing Temperature, Chemical and Biological Targets
Authors: Lee Songyi , Kim Ji‐Yeong , Chen Xiaoqiang , Yoon Juyoung
Published: August 2016

Review: [55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioreductive Fluorescent Imaging Agents: Applications to Tumor Hypoxia
Authors: Elmes Robert B. P.
Published: August 2016

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Bosentan (Tracleer®) to Macitentan (Opsumit®): The Medicinal Chemistry Perspective
Authors: Boss Christoph , Bolli Martin H. , Gatfield John
Published: August 2016

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Nanophotonic Materials: The Relationship Between Excited‐State Processes and Photonic Performances
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: August 2016

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Paramagnetic Ionic Liquids for Advanced Applications: A Review
Authors: Joseph Aswathy , Zyla Gawel , Thomas Vibin Ipe , Nair P. Radhakrishnan , Padmanabhan A. S. , Mathew Suresh
Published: August 2016

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inverse Oxide/Metal Catalysts in Fundamental Studies and Practical Applications: A Perspective of Recent Developments
Authors: Rodriguez Jose A. , Liu Ping , Graciani Jesus , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Grinter David C. , Stacchiola Dario , Hrbek Jan , Fernandez‐Sanz Javier
Published: August 2016

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Compartmentalized vs. Non‐Compartmentalized Translocations in Metal Porphyrin Complexes
Authors: Le Gac Stephane , Boitrel Bernard
Published: August 2016

Review: [25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Conformational Analysis of Silacyclohexanes and 1,3‐Silaheterocyclohexanes
Authors: Shainyan Bagrat A.
Published: August 2016

Review: 72 refs.
Synthetischer Impfstoffkandidat gegen Krankenhauskeim
Authors: Tetsch Larissa
Published: August 2016

Clostridium difficile ist einer der häufigsten Krankenhauskeime und kann schwere Durchfallerkrankungen verursachen. Eine Impfung existiert noch nicht, obwohl der Erreger ein Oberflächenpolysaccharid besitzt, das starke Immunreaktionen auslöst. Allerdings kann dieses nicht in ausreichender Menge für die Impfstoffentwicklung gewonnen werden. Eine Alternative bietet die Herstellung synthetischer Polysaccharide.
Poor compliance with adjuvant chemotherapy use associated with poorer survival in patients with rectal cancer: An NCDB analysis
Authors: Xu Zhaomin , Mohile Supriya Gupta , Tejani Mohamedtaki Abdulaziz , Becerra Adan Z. , Probst Christian P. , Aquina Christopher T. , Hensley Bradley J. , Arsalanizadeh Reza , Noyes Katia , Monson John R.T. , Fleming Fergal J.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

National Comprehensive Cancer Network treatment guidelines for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer include neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by total mesorectal excision and adjuvant chemotherapy. The objective of the current study was to examine the rate of adjuvant chemotherapy and associated survival in patients with stage II/III rectal cancer.

METHODS

The 2006 to 2011 National Cancer Data Base was queried for patients with AJCC clinical stage II/III rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgical resection. A mixed effects multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with the receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy. A mixed effects Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the adjusted effect of receiving adjuvant therapy on 5‐year overall survival (OS).

RESULTS

A total of 14,742 patients were included; 68% of the cohort did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. When controlled for clinical stage of disease, patients who were aged >70 years, had a higher comorbidity score, and had a pathologic complete response had lower odds of receiving adjuvant therapy. There was a 22‐fold difference in the risk‐adjusted rate of adjuvant therapy use among hospitals (3.1%‐67.7%). Adjuvant therapy was associated with increased 5‐year OS when controlled for patient factors, stage of disease, and pathologic response (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.59‐0.71). The greatest survival benefit was noted among patients who achieved a pathologic complete response (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.23‐0.67).

CONCLUSIONS

There is poor compliance to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery. Adjuvant therapy appears to be independently associated with improved OS regardless of stage of disease, pathologic response, and patient factors. The greatest survival benefit was observed in patients who were complete responders. Age and comorbidities were found to be significantly associated with nonreceipt of adjuvant therapy. Improved rehabilitation and physical conditioning may improve the odds of patients receiving adjuvant therapy. Cancer 2017;52–61. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Psychologists' Perspectives on Therapy Termination and the Use of Therapy Engagement/Retention Strategies
Authors: Westmacott Robin , Hunsley John
Published: August 2016

Practicing psychologists (n = 269) were surveyed regarding their perspectives on client reasons for termination at different points in therapy and their use of strategies to engage and retain clients in therapy. Psychologists estimated that one‐third of their caseload unilaterally terminated (M = 13% before the third therapy session; M = 20% after the third session). They viewed lack of readiness for change/insufficient motivation as the most important barrier to early treatment engagement, and symptom improvement as the most important reason for clients' unilateral decisions to end therapy after the third session. Most psychologists reported occasional use of the majority of engagement and retention strategies. Although some strategies were used by most psychologists (e.g., building the early working alliance), fewer than 25% of psychologists reported the frequent use of time‐limited treatment, appointment reminders or case management procedures. As the implementation of these strategies in clinical practice has the potential to greatly influence client retention rates, future research should examine psychologists' perspectives on and barriers to using these strategies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Therapists tend to underestimate the number of clients who make unilateral decisions to end treatment in their own practices. Therapists are unlikely to take steps to engage and retain clients in treatment unless they believe that unilateral termination is a significant problem.

Clients who unilaterally end treatment are often experiencing problems with the process of therapy (e.g., dissatisfaction, lack of fit, feeling as though therapy is going nowhere), whereas therapists often attribute failed therapy to clients. It is important to be aware of this tendency and look for other explanations.

It is worthwhile to actively solicit clients' barriers in an effort to mitigate them.

The empirical literature provides ample evidence that it is helpful for therapists to deliberately employ strategies to engage and retain clients in therapy. All therapists would benefit from considering which strategies fit with their practices.

Although almost all therapists emphasize building the early working alliance, and this is essential to good outcome, other evidence-based methods of engaging clients in therapy are largely underutilized, such as systematically monitoring client progress and barriers, placing time limits on treatment, using appointment reminders, and case management.
Highly Selective Deoxydehydration of Tartaric Acid over Supported and Unsupported Rhenium Catalysts with Modified Acidities
Authors: Li Xiukai , Zhang Yugen
Published: August 2016

The deoxydehydration (DODH) of sugar acids to industrially important carboxylic acids is a very attractive topic. Oxorhenium complexes are the most‐often employed DODH catalysts. Because of the acidity of the rhenium catalysts, the DODH products of sugar acids were usually in the form of mixture of free carboxylic acids and esters. Herein, we demonstrate strategies for the selective DODH of sugar acids to free carboxylic acids by tuning the Lewis acidity or the Brønsted acidity of the rhenium‐based catalysts. Starting from tartaric acid, up to 97 % yield of free maleic acid was achieved. Based on our strategies, functional polymer immobilized heterogeneous rhenium catalysts were also developed for the selective DODH conversion of sugar acids.
Attenuation of graft‐versus‐host‐disease in NOD scid IL‐2Rγ−/− (NSG) mice by ex vivo modulation of human CD4+ T cells
Authors: Hilger Nadja , Glaser Jakob , Müller Claudia , Halbich Christoph , Müller Anne , Schwertassek Ulla , Lehmann Jörg , Ruschpler Peter , Lange Franziska , Boldt Andreas , Stahl Lilly , Sack Ulrich , Oelkrug Christopher , Emmrich Frank , Fricke Stephan
Published: August 2016

NOD.Cg‐Prkdcscid IL‐2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice are a valuable tool for studying Graft‐versus‐Host‐Disease (GvHD) induced by human immune cells. We used a model of acute GvHD by transfer of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into NSG mice. The severity of GvHD was reflected by weight loss and was associated with engraftment of human cells and the expansion of leukocytes, particularly granulocytes and monocytes. Pre‐treatment of PBMCs with the anti‐human CD4 antibody MAX.16H5 IgG1 or IgG4 attenuated GvHD. The transplantation of 2 × 107 PBMCs without anti‐human CD4 pre‐treatment induced a severe GvHD (0% survival). In animals receiving 2 × 107 PBMCs pre‐incubated with MAX.16H5 IgG1 or IgG4, GvHD development was reduced and survival was increased. Immune reconstitution was measured by flow cytometry and confirmed for human leukocytes (CD45), CD3+/CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD3+/CD4+ T helper cells. Human B cells (CD19) and monocytes (CD14) could not be detected. Histopathological analysis (TUNEL assay) of the gut of recipient animals showed significantly less apoptotic crypt cells in animals receiving a MAX.16H5 IgG1 pre‐incubated graft. These findings indicate that pre‐incubation of an allogeneic graft with an anti‐human CD4 antibody may decrease the frequency and severity of GvHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and the need of conventional immunosuppressive drugs. Moreover, this approach most probably provides a safer HSCT that must be confirmed in appropriate clinical trials in the future. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Landscape‐scale deforestation decreases gene flow distance of a keystone tropical palm, Euterpe edulis Mart (Arecaceae)
Authors: Santos Alesandro S. , Cazetta Eliana , Dodonov Pavel , Faria Deborah , Gaiotto Fernanda A.
Published: August 2016

Habitat loss represents one of the main threats to tropical forests, which have reached extremely high rates of species extinction. Forest loss negatively impacts biodiversity, affecting ecological (e.g., seed dispersal) and genetic (e.g., genetic diversity and structure) processes. Therefore, understanding how deforestation influences genetic resources is strategic for conservation. Our aim was to empirically evaluate the effects of landscape‐scale forest reduction on the spatial genetic structure and gene flow of Euterpe edulis Mart (Arecaceae), a palm tree considered a keystone resource for many vertebrate species. This study was carried out in nine forest remnants in the Atlantic Forest, northeastern Brazil, located in landscapes within a gradient of forest cover (19–83%). We collected leaves of 246 adults and 271 seedlings and performed genotyping using microsatellite markers. Our results showed that the palm populations had low spatial genetic structure, indicating that forest reduction did not influence this genetic parameter for neither seedlings nor adults. However, forest loss decreased the gene flow distance, which may negatively affect the genetic diversity of future generations by increasing the risk of local extinction of this keystone palm. For efficient strategies of genetic variability conservation and maintenance of gene flow in E. edulis, we recommend the maintenance of landscapes with intermediary to high levels of forest cover, that is, forest cover above 40%.
High‐throughput miRNA sequencing and identification of biomarkers for forensically relevant biological fluids
Authors: Seashols‐Williams Sarah , Lewis Carolyn , Calloway Chelsea , Peace Nerissa , Harrison Ariana , Hayes‐Nash Christina , Fleming Samantha , Wu Qianni , Zehner Zendra E.
Published: August 2016

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate cellular processes through modulation of proteins at the translational level. They tend to be highly stable as compared to other RNA species due to their small size and protection by protein and/or lipid matrices. Thus, it is likely that miRNAs, when fully evaluated, will make excellent candidates for body fluid identification. miRNA analysis of body fluids has been the subject of some recent interest in the forensic community. In this study, small RNAs were isolated from individual donations of eight forensically relevant biological fluids (blood, semen, vaginal fluid, menstrual blood, saliva, urine, feces, and perspiration) and subjected to next generation sequencing using the Illumina Hi‐Seq platform. Sequencing reads were aligned and annotated against miRbase release 21, resulting in a list of miRNAs and their relative expression levels for each sample analyzed. Body fluids with high bacterial loads (vaginal fluid, saliva, and feces) yielded relatively low annotated miRNA counts, likely due to oversaturation of small RNAs from the endogenous bacteria. Both body fluid specific (miRs‐200b, 1246, 320c, 10b‐5p, 26b, and 891a) and potential normalization miRNAs (let‐7g and i) were identified for further analysis as potential body fluid identification tools for each body fluid.
Joule heating effects on electroosmotic entry flow
Authors: Prabhakaran Rama Aravind , Zhou Yilong , Patel Saurin , Kale Akshay , Song Yongxin , Hu Guoqing , Xuan Xiangchun
Published: August 2016

Electroosmotic flow is the transport method of choice in microfluidic devices over traditional pressure‐driven flow. To date, however, studies on electroosmotic flow have been almost entirely limited to inside microchannels. This work presents the first experimental study of Joule heating effects on electroosmotic fluid entry from the inlet reservoir (i.e., the well that supplies fluids and samples) to the microchannel in a polymer‐based microfluidic chip. Electrothermal fluid circulations are observed at the reservoir‐microchannel junction, which grow in size and strength with the increasing alternating current to direct current voltage ratio. Moreover, a 2D depth‐averaged numerical model is developed to understand the effects of Joule heating on fluid temperature and flow fields in electrokinetic microfluidic chips. This model overcomes the problems encountered in previous unrealistic 2D and costly 3D models, and is able to predict the observed electroosmotic entry flow patterns with a good agreement.
Nuclear Power in China: An Analysis of the Current and Near‐Future Uranium Flows
Authors: Yue Qiang , He Jingke , Stamford Laurence , Azapagic Adisa
Published: August 2016

Nuclear power capacity is growing rapidly in China and is expected to reach 58 GW by 2020. However, it is not clear at present if the country can meet this increasing demand for uranium. We present a comprehensive uranium flow analysis in China that covers a ten‐year period from 2003 to 2012 with the aim of identifying near‐future fuel demand to 2020. The findings suggest that from 2003 to 2012, 19 126 t of natural uranium were consumed, which generated 3811 t of spent fuel. Of this, only 33–58 % of natural uranium was sourced domestically, the rest of which was imported. By 2020, the uranium consumption is estimated to reach 14 426 t yr−1, around three quarters of the amount consumed over the whole ten‐year period considered here. Based on the current increase in demand, the domestic natural uranium could run out by 2027 if the country relies solely on its own uranium deposits known currently. Our findings also show that China would need to expand its spent‐fuel reprocessing program, expected to start in 2025, by 3–4 times as the planned capacity is insufficient given the current growth of nuclear power.
Preparation of biodiesel in subcritical methanol catalyzed by acidic dication ionic liquid
Authors: Kong Juan‐Hua , Chen Jing , Huang Jian‐Ping , Huang Chang‐Gan , Xiong Wan‐Ming
Published: August 2016

The acidic dication ionic liquid C3MS was prepared and then was applied in the preparation of biodiesel from soybean oil or waste cooking oil in subcritical methanol. The effects of the reaction temperature and reaction time on the biodiesel yield were investigated and the chemical components of products were analyzed with GC‐MS. The results showed that the catalyst had exhibited a highly effective catalytic activity and strong stability. The yield of biodiesel from soybean oil under optimum conditions was up to 98% and it could be maintained at 93.7% even if the catalyst had been reused for seven times. Under the same condition, the yields of biodiesel from four kinds of waste cooking oil were more than 92%, and the highest yield could reach up to 97.2%. The results of GC‐MS showed that the main components of products were methyl ester of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid and ricinoleic acid, and the total content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) was more than 99% (except from LRO). In addition, the content of water, free fatty acid and the degree of unsaturation would slightly lower the yield of biodiesel. In a word, the dication ionic liquids could be regarded as a potential catalyst for the biodiesel preparation. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 571–576, 2017