bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population based study on the progress in survival of primarily metastatic lung cancer patients in Germany
Authors: Tzschoppe Therese , Ohlinger Julia , Vordermark Dirk , Bedir Ahmed , Medenwald Daniel
Published: July 2024

Lung cancer is known for its high mortality; many patients already present with metastases at the time of diagnosis. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of new treatment strategies on the survival of primarily metastatic lung cancer patients and to analyze the differences in outcomes between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Population-based data, provided by the Robert-Koch Institute in Germany, was used and patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2018 were included in the study. We differentiated between NSCLC and SCLC patients and analyzed the survival over time for both sexes separately, using the Kaplan–Meier method. To evaluate survival advantages, we calculated multivariable hazard ratios. In total, 127,723 patients were considered for the study. We observed a moderate increase in survival over time. All patients showed an increased survival rate when undergoing chemotherapy. Minimal to no increase in survival was shown in NSCLC patients when receiving radiotherapy, whereas SCLC patients’ survival time did benefit from it. NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy showed an increase in survival as well. It can be concluded that advancements in radiotherapy, the application of chemotherapy, and the introduction of immunotherapies lead to an increased survival time of both NSCLC and SCLC primarily metastatic lung cancer patients.
Few-shot RUL prediction for engines based on CNN-GRU model
Authors: Sun Shuhan , Wang Jiongqi , Xiao Yaqi , Peng Jian , Zhou Xuanying
Published: July 2024

In the realm of prognosticating the remaining useful life (RUL) of pivotal components, such as aircraft engines, a prevalent challenge persists where the available historical life data often proves insufficient. This insufficiency engenders obstacles such as impediments in performance degradation feature extraction, inadequacies in capturing temporal relationships comprehensively, and diminished predictive accuracy. To address this issue, a 1D CNN-GRU prediction model for few-shot conditions is proposed in this paper. In pursuit of more comprehensive data feature extraction and enhanced RUL prognostication precision, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is selected for its capacity to discern high-dimensional features amid the intricate dynamics of the data. Concurrently, the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network is leveraged for its robust capability in extracting temporal features inherent within the data. We combine the two to construct a CNN-GRU hybrid network. Moreover, the integration of data distribution alongside correlation and monotonicity indices is employed to winnow the input of multi-sensor monitoring parameters into the CNN-GRU network. Finally, the engine RULs are predicted by the trained model. In this paper, experiments are conducted on a sub-dataset of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) C-MAPSS multi-constraint dataset to validate the effectiveness of the method. Experimental results have demonstrated that this method has high accuracy in RUL prediction tasks, which can powerfully demonstrate its effectiveness.
Using torsional wave elastography to evaluate spring pot parameters in skin tumor mimicking phantoms
Authors: Almashakbeh Yousef , Shamimi Hirad , Callejas Antonio , Rus Guillermo
Published: July 2024

Estimating the tissue parameters of skin tumors is crucial for diagnosis and effective therapy in dermatology and related fields. However, identifying the most sensitive biomarkers require an optimal rheological model for simulating skin behavior this remains an ongoing research endeavor. Additionally, the multi-layered structure of the skin introduces further complexity to this task. In order to surmount these challenges, an inverse problem methodology, in conjunction with signal analysis techniques, is being employed. In this study, a fractional rheological model is presented to enhance the precision of skin tissue parameter estimation from the acquired signal from torsional wave elastography technique (TWE) on skin tumor-mimicking phantoms for lab validation and the estimation of the thickness of the cancerous layer. An exhaustive analysis of the spring-pot model (SP) solved by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) is conducted. The results of experiments performed using a TWE probe designed and prototyped in the laboratory were validated against ultrafast imaging carried out by the Verasonics Research System. Twelve tissue-mimicking phantoms, which precisely simulated the characteristics of skin tissue, were prepared for our experimental setting. The experimental data from these bi-layer phantoms were measured using a TWE probe, and the parameters of the skin tissue were estimated using inverse problem-solving. The agreement between the two datasets was evaluated by comparing the experimental data obtained from the TWE technique with simulated data from the SP- FDTD model using Pearson correlation, dynamic time warping (DTW), and time-frequency representation. Our findings show that the SP-FDTD model and TWE are capable of determining the mechanical properties of both layers in a bilayer phantom, using a single signal and an inverse problem approach. The ultrafast imaging and the validation of TWE results further demonstrate the robustness and reliability of our technology for a realistic range of phantoms. This fusion of the SP-FDTD model and TWE, as well as inverse problem-solving methods has the potential to have a considerable impact on diagnoses and treatments in dermatology and related fields.
Enhancing agriculture through real-time grape leaf disease classification via an edge device with a lightweight CNN architecture and Grad-CAM
Authors: Karim Md. Jawadul , Goni Md. Omaer Faruq , Nahiduzzaman Md. , Ahsan Mominul , Haider Julfikar , Kowalski Marcin
Published: July 2024

Crop diseases can significantly affect various aspects of crop cultivation, including crop yield, quality, production costs, and crop loss. The utilization of modern technologies such as image analysis via machine learning techniques enables early and precise detection of crop diseases, hence empowering farmers to effectively manage and avoid the occurrence of crop diseases. The proposed methodology involves the use of modified MobileNetV3Large model deployed on edge device for real-time monitoring of grape leaf disease while reducing computational memory demands and ensuring satisfactory classification performance. To enhance applicability of MobileNetV3Large, custom layers consisting of two dense layers were added, each followed by a dropout layer, helped mitigate overfitting and ensured that the model remains efficient. Comparisons among other models showed that the proposed model outperformed those with an average train and test accuracy of 99.66% and 99.42%, with a precision, recall, and F1 score of approximately 99.42%. The model was deployed on an edge device (Nvidia Jetson Nano) using a custom developed GUI app and predicted from both saved and real-time data with high confidence values. Grad-CAM visualization was used to identify and represent image areas that affect the convolutional neural network (CNN) classification decision-making process with high accuracy. This research contributes to the development of plant disease classification technologies for edge devices, which have the potential to enhance the ability of autonomous farming for farmers, agronomists, and researchers to monitor and mitigate plant diseases efficiently and effectively, with a positive impact on global food security.
Sex-specific alterations in functional connectivity and network topology in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: Oughourlian Talia C. , Rizvi Shan , Wang Chencai , Kostiuk Alex , Salamon Noriko , Holly Langston T. , Ellingson Benjamin M.
Published: July 2024

Patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) experience structural and functional brain reorganization. However, few studies have investigated the influence of sex on cerebral alterations. The present study investigates the role of sex on brain functional connectivity (FC) and global network topology in DCM and healthy controls (HCs). The resting-state functional MRI data was acquired for 100 patients (58 males vs. 42 females). ROI-to-ROI FC and network topological features were characterized for each patient and HC. Group differences in FC and network topological features were examined. Compared to healthy counterparts, DCM males exhibited higher FC between vision-related brain regions, and cerebellum, brainstem, and thalamus, but lower FC between the intracalcarine cortex and frontal and somatosensory cortices, while DCM females demonstrated higher FC between the thalamus and cerebellar and sensorimotor regions, but lower FC between sensorimotor and visual regions. DCM males displayed higher FC within the cerebellum and between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and vision-related regions, while DCM females displayed higher FC between frontal regions and the PCC, cerebellum, and visual regions. Additionally, DCM males displayed significantly greater intra-network connectivity and efficiency compared to healthy counterparts. Results from the present study imply sex-specific supraspinal functional alterations occur in patients with DCM.
Mitigating Ni and Cu ecotoxicity in the ecological restoration material and ornamental Primula forbesii Franch. with exogenous 24-epibrassinolide and melatonin
Authors: Yang Hongchen , Zhao Jian , Yin Xiancai , Ding Keying , Gao Xinhui , Cai Yuxin , Pan Yuanzhi , Jiang Beibei , Liu Qinglin , Jia Yin
Published: July 2024

Nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) contamination have become major threats to plant survival worldwide. 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBR) and melatonin (MT) have emerged as valuable treatments to alleviate heavy metal-induced phytotoxicity. However, plants have not fully demonstrated the potential mechanisms by which these two hormones act under Ni and Cu stress. Herein, this study investigated the impact of individual and combined application of 24-EBR and MT on the growth and physiological traits of Primula forbesii Franch. subjected to stress (200 μmol L–1 Ni and Cu). The experiments compared the effects of different mitigation treatments on heavy metal (HM) stress and the scientific basis and practical reference for using these exogenous substances to improve HM resistance of P. forbesii in polluted environments. Nickel and Cu stress significantly hindered leaf photosynthesis and nutrient uptake, reducing plant growth and gas exchange. However, 24-EBR, MT, and 24-EBR + MT treatments alleviated the growth inhibition caused by Ni and Cu stress, improved the growth indexes of P. forbesii, and increased the gas exchange parameters. Exogenous MT effectively alleviated Ni stress, and 24-EBR + MT significantly alleviated the toxic effects of Cu stress. Unlike HM stress, MT and 24-EBR + MT activated the antioxidant enzyme activity (by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)), significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and regulated ascorbate and glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH) efficiency. Besides, the treatments enhanced the ability of P. forbesii to accumulate HMs, shielding plants from harm. These findings conclusively illustrate the capability of 24-EBR and MT to significantly bolster the tolerance of P. forbesii to Ni and Cu stress.
Unveiling the key role of metal coordination mode and ligand's side groups on the performance of deep-red light-emitting electrochemical cell
Authors: Nemati Bideh Babak , Sousaraei Ahmad , Moghadam Majid
Published: July 2024

Three novel deep-red to near-infrared (DR to NIR) emitters based on mononuclear and dinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes with bulky structures were presented herein. For the first time, the unusual effects of metal coordination mode on the electroluminescence properties of a binuclear emitter were investigated. Unexpectedly, the mononuclear complexes showed superior performance in deep-red light-emitting electrochemical cells (DR-LEC) compared to the dinuclear complex. Likewise, substituting various ancillary ligands improved the radiance and lifetime of devices by 2.5 and 1.5 times, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the obtained efficiency is among the best reported to date for DR-LECs based on ruthenium polypyridyl complexes.
PPTC7 antagonizes mitophagy by promoting BNIP3 and NIX degradation via SCFFBXL4
Authors: Nguyen-Dien Giang Thanh , Townsend Brendan , Kulkarni Prajakta Gosavi , Kozul Keri-Lyn , Ooi Soo Siang , Eldershaw Denaye N , Weeratunga Saroja , Liu Meihan , Jones Mathew JK , Millard S Sean , Ng Dominic CH , Pagano Michele , Bonfim-Melo Alexis , Schneider Tobias , Komander David , Lazarou Michael , Collins Brett M , Pagan Julia K
Published: July 2024

Mitophagy must be carefully regulated to ensure that cells maintain appropriate numbers of functional mitochondria. The SCFFBXL4 ubiquitin ligase complex suppresses mitophagy by controlling the degradation of BNIP3 and NIX mitophagy receptors, and FBXL4 mutations result in mitochondrial disease as a consequence of elevated mitophagy. Here, we reveal that the mitochondrial phosphatase PPTC7 is an essential cofactor for SCFFBXL4-mediated destruction of BNIP3 and NIX, suppressing both steady-state and induced mitophagy. Disruption of the phosphatase activity of PPTC7 does not influence BNIP3 and NIX turnover. Rather, a pool of PPTC7 on the mitochondrial outer membrane acts as an adaptor linking BNIP3 and NIX to FBXL4, facilitating the turnover of these mitophagy receptors. PPTC7 accumulates on the outer mitochondrial membrane in response to mitophagy induction or the absence of FBXL4, suggesting a homoeostatic feedback mechanism that attenuates high levels of mitophagy. We mapped critical residues required for PPTC7–BNIP3/NIX and PPTC7-FBXL4 interactions and their disruption interferes with both BNIP3/NIX degradation and mitophagy suppression. Collectively, these findings delineate a complex regulatory mechanism that restricts BNIP3/NIX-induced mitophagy.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 1,2-diamines
Authors: Foubelo Francisco , Nájera Carmen , Retamosa Ma Gracia , Sansano José M. , Yus Miguel
Published: July 2024

The asymmetric catalytic synthesis of 1,2-diamines has received considerable interest, due to their presence in biologically active compounds and their applications for the development of synthetic building blocks, chiral ligands and organocatalysts.
Ultrasmall magnolol/ebselen nanomicelles for preventing renal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Liu Chang , Li Linhua , Li Li , Li Qingyin , Liu Jing , Zhang Chunle , Cao Zhengjiang , Ma Liang , Zeng Xiaoxi , Fu Ping
Published: July 2024

An illustration of the preparation strategy and diverse biological functions of MG/EBS-Ms. (a) Preparation strategy of MG/EBS-Ms. (b) Schematic representation of the therapeutic role played by MG/EBS-Ms in renal I/R injury.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a new 1D metal–organic coordination polymer with Cu2+ ions based on a chiral terephthalic acid derivative synthesized for the first time
Authors: Veselovsky Vladimir V. , Isaeva Vera I. , Nissenbaum Vera D. , Chernyshev Vladimir V.
Published: July 2024

A new chiral 1D coordination polymer was synthesized starting from novel l-prolylamino substituted terephthalic acid and evaluated in enantioselective epoxide ring opening reaction.
A systematic study on the effect of protonation and deuteration on electron spin Tm/T2 in a cellular context
Authors: Torricella Francesco , Vitali Valentina , Banci Lucia
Published: July 2024

Deuterated and Protonated cellular environments affect the Tm/T2 of the delivered nitroxide labelled protein.
Synthesis, photophysics and two-photon absorption of imidazole-centred tripodal chromophores
Authors: Kulhánek Jiří , Burešová Zuzana , Klikar Milan , Sdralias Lampros , Katsidas Alexandros , Pytela Oldřich , Pařík Patrik , Růžička Aleš , Fakis Mihalis , Bureš Filip
Published: July 2024

Tripodal imidazole-centred chromophores bearing peripheral acceptors were prepared and investigated. The observed centrifugal ICT results in tuneable (nonlinear) optical properties and two-photon absorption cross-sections of up to 521 GM.
Rational heterostructure stacking enables 23% wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells by side-reaction inhibition
Authors: Huang Tianyu , Xu Fan , Hu Jiangbing , Wu Jiang , Li Shunde , Chen Peng , Jia Xiaohan , Li Qiuyang , Yan Haoming , Ji Yongqiang , Luo Deying , Wang Dengke , Hu Juntao , Chen Hao-Hsin , Lu Zhangyuchang , Xu Hongyu , Li Lei , Sha Rui , Zhong Qixuan , Bai Xinyu , Dar M. Ibrahim , Song Tinglu , Li Zikun , Yang Xiaoyu , Zhao Lichen , Lu Zheng-Hong , Gong Qihuang , Zhu Rui
Published: July 2024

Suppressing side reactions led to the formation of rational Dion–Jacobson 2D/3D surface heterostructures, achieving an optimal PCE of 23.05% (certified 22.58%) for 1.68 eV perovskite solar cells.
Constructing orderly crystal orientation with a bidirectional coordinator for high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lee Jaehwi , Shin Yun Seop , Oleiki Elham , Seo Jongdeuk , Roe Jina , Lee Dongmin , Lee Yeonjeong , Song Taehee , Jang Hyungsu , Song Ji Won , Lee Woosuk , Lee Geunsik , Kim Jin Young , Kim Dong Suk
Published: July 2024

The trifluoroacetate pseudohalide anion, with dual functionalities, is introduced at the buried interface to promote orderly growth. This results in a power conversion efficiency of 25.60% and long-term stability under light exposure.
Key challenges and advancements toward fast-charging all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Ahmad Niaz , Fan Cailing , Faheem Muhammad , Liang Xiaoxiao , Xiao Yirong , Cao Xinting , Zeng Chaoyuan , Dong Qinxi , Yang Wen
Published: July 2024

Next-generation energy storage systems rely heavily on the capability of fast charging as they allow electronic devices to be charged within a remarkably brief period.
Correction: Spike trains in PANI-proteinoid nanomaterials with different light pulse rates
Authors: Mougkogiannis Panagiotis , Adamatzky Andrew
Published: July 2024

Correction for ‘Spike trains in PANI-proteinoid nanomaterials with different light pulse rates’ by Panagiotis Mougkogiannis et al., Mater. Adv., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA00253A.
A novel Ni-based complex inducing apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction in osteosarcoma HOS cells
Authors: Liu Xiao-Dong , Liu Pei-Xin , Zhang Zhong , Li Li-Long , Luan Jian , Qin Yi
Published: July 2024

A novel Ni complex was synthesized and investigated for its impact on the activity of osteosarcoma cells. The results demonstrated a significant elevation in intracellular ROS levels upon exposure to the Ni complex in osteosarcoma HOS cells.
Preparation of intrinsically fragile bent crystals
Authors: Seki Tomohiro , Kobayashi Shiori , Ishikawa Rintaro , Yano Keigo , Matsuo Takumi , Hayashi Shotaro
Published: July 2024

A methylated flufenamic acid gave two different polymorphs, mechanically deformable α form and fragile γ form. We successfully obtained the “intrinsically brittle” bent γ crystal by vapor-induced phase transition from the bent α crystal.
Extending Double Empathy: Effects of Neurotype-Matching on Communication Success in an Expository Context
Authors: Oates Morgan , Bean Allison , Kickbusch Rachel , Sauer Sam
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Milton's theory of double empathy posits that the difference in communication styles between people of different neurotypes contributes to mutual misunderstandings. The current quasi-experimental study seeks to expand on research indicating that matched neurotype pairs tend to communicate more effectively than mixed neurotype pairs by examining communication across and within neurotypes in an expository language context.

Method:

Thirty autistic adults and 28 nonautistic adults were paired in either a matched neurotype or mixed neurotype condition. The pairs' interactions involved giving and listening to directions to draw an image. Interactions were recorded, transcribed, and coded for communication accuracy, rate, and clarity. Participants also completed a survey about the rapport they experienced in the interaction.

Results:

Matched neurotype pairs were significantly more accurate in their communication than mixed neurotype pairs. Rate was fastest among mixed neurotype pairs, but clarity did not differ significantly across conditions. Matched autistic pairs reported significantly lower rapport than other pairs.

Conclusions:

This finding lends further support to the neurodiversity model by demonstrating that autistic communication is not inherently deficient. Further research is necessary to investigate a variety of influences on rate, clarity, and rapport development. Clinical implications include considerations for neurodiversity-affirming communication supports for expository contexts such as classroom directions or workplace instructions.
Facilitating Pediatric Patients During Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies
Authors: Smith Leann Schow , Brinker Kristin , Jones Courtney E. , Ray Melanie Hanny , Taylor Helene M. , Gardiner Rachel Turner , Sauer Tina M.
Published: July 2024

Purpose/Method:

The videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) is an instrumental exam for patients with dysphagia. Analysis of images generated during the study leads to diagnosis of swallowing events/physiology and the generation of treatment plans. As critical as the reading of images are to the VFSS, there exist multiple additional considerations for successfully conducting the study with pediatric patients. Due to difficulties inherent in testing infants and children, the pediatric VFSS poses implementation challenges. Speech-language pathologists may facilitate pediatric patients in issues of feeding engagement, crying, volume consumed, bolus size, and method.

Results/Conclusion:

Facilitative techniques during pediatric VFSS benefit the obtaining of accurate diagnostic results to guide pediatric feeding disorder management and recommendations.
A Review of biophilic design at Kuttikattoor school for the children
Authors: Kunnath Akshay Raj Eyyam , Gupta Jyothi
Published: July 2024

The objective of this paper is the creation of a school to help the children of Kutikatoor live a more accessible and simpler life: students in the concentration range from 4 to 16 (Play School - Grade 10). The proposed location, which is around 18.3 acres in size, lies in Kuttikattoor, Kozhikode, and Kerala. The land is surrounded by greenery and situated in a mountainous area. The study will concentrate on how biophilic architecture and design may enhance students’ lives. This paper will discuss how biophilic design may benefit schools by creating circulation and spatial connections between the built and natural environments. The biophilic design can have quantifiable beneficial effects on student performance and well-being by including natural components. It is necessary to thoroughly analyze the biophilic design in relation to the learning environment for students, using ideas of ecological, visual, and spatial integration. By fostering a soothing atmosphere, lowering anxiety, and boosting physical fitness, biophilic design, which incorporates natural light, greenery, and nature vistas, can increase attention, decrease stress, stimulate creativity, and improve academic accomplishment. The school’s design will be implemented by incorporating the architectural design into the contoured regions and using the idea of biophilic design patterns. Depending on the climate and the site’s orientation, the design will be implemented such that locally accessible materials are employed in a hilly area. This detailed analysis of the case study and literature review for the school design will help us to design and conceptualize as an architect. Further, the study will also emphasize biophilic design which is aligned with the built environment in school design.
A missing fifth sustainability dimension (wellbeing and health) when describing eco-districts
Authors: Al Khatib Inas , Samara Fatin , Ndiaye Malick
Published: July 2024

This study aims at examining whether wellbeing and health should be considered as a fifth dimension of sustainable eco-districts. This study assesses the four dimensions of sustainable eco-districts (energy, socio-economic, mobility, urban design) and nine categories of health & wellbeing (physical, emotional, financial, intellectual, career, social, creative, environmental, spiritual) to understand the benefit of incorporating wellbeing and health. A thorough systematic review literature analysis was conducted using secondary data sources, including academic literature, industry reports, and government publications to compile available data. To categorize and find patterns in the data, thematic analysis was used. According to the research, there has to be a relationship between the growing number of hospital-led certified eco-districts and a fifth dimension of sustainable eco-districts (wellbeing and health) in order for residents of these communities to lead healthy lifestyles that support all facets of their wellness. This study adds to the existing body of knowledge and further investigates the impact of including wellbeing and health into sustainable eco-district design and construction. It sheds light on the importance of incorporating quantitative and qualitative techniques and the use empirical data gathering techniques for research studies.
Window views psychological effects on indoor thermal perception: A comparison experiment based on virtual reality environments
Authors: Wu Chunya , Yu Zhuoyu , Song Dexuan
Published: July 2024

Previous studies have indicated that window views significantly impact residents’ indoor thermal perception, but the exact pathways and extent of this cross-modal influence are not fully understood. This research explores how outdoor visual attributes affect indoor thermal comfort through visual-thermal interaction, potentially aiding energy reduction in built environments. Utilizing the Landscape Visual Quality Assessment (LVQA) method, the study quantified window views with five green visibility indicators in 16 virtual environments. The experiment involved 24 participants in two temperature settings, revealing that specific window view attributes notably affect thermal perception and emotional responses. Elevated Biophilic Design Attributes and a heightened Visible Green Index correlate with increased thermal comfort. An augmented Sky View Factor and Color Richness may be associated with an elevated thermal sensation. However, Observer Landscape Distance appears to have no significant correlation with thermal perception. The findings highlight that positive emotional dimensions correlate with improved thermal comfort and acceptance, whereas negative emotions are associated with discomfort. This study elucidates the interactive effects of window view attributes on thermal perception, providing valuable insights for energy-efficient outdoor environment design.
From bio-residues to construction applications: A comprehensive framework
Authors: Pugliese Ilaria , Vertua Camilla
Published: July 2024

Due to their ability to store carbon during growth, biomaterials are currently gaining attention in the construction sector to produce alternative building bio-components. Bio-residues in particular are quite promising, as applying them in construction might enhance strategies of circular bio-based economy. However, despite many studies and few products already on the market, a clear classification of bio-residues has not been available yet, and the experiences related to construction applications are scattered and fragmented. Hence, this paper offers a comprehensive framework by visualizing the production flows from bio-residues to building components. It operates a review of contemporary bio-manufacturing processes by classifying them based on their primary bio-sources, and it provides critical knowledge of their advancements, by displaying both established and emerging possibilities. By doing so, the study identifies lower energy-intensive applications, involving the direct transformation of fibrous agricultural materials into insulation building products, and more complex processes encompassing the extraction of intermediary bio-products, such as cellulose, and polymeric biocomposite. These last are starting points for promising technologies like electrospinning and additive manufacturing, with disruptive potential in manufacturing advancement. Indeed, the research highlights future research directions and initiates a potential tool to aid stakeholders in decision-making for a more sustainable built environment.
Doubly Fed Induction Generator: Grid Integration and Performance Analysis
Authors: Gangikunta Manohar , Gurram Janardhan , Kumar Kar Rajib , ASS Murugan , Kumar P Rajesh
Published: July 2024

Renewable energy sources are emerging to replace conventional energy sources in the energy mix as a result of the growing demand for power and the constraints of existing energy sources. With technological advancements, wind energy has become a promising secondary energy source, resulting in the proliferation of wind farms around the globe to bolster traditional energy systems. This has led to a rapid increase in the incorporation of wind power into the power grid, emphasizing the need to understand its effects on the system's parameters. A range of generators, including DFIG, SG, and SCIG, are used to generate wind power. Due to benefits of separate control over true and wattless power, variable speed operation and maximum power tracking, a DFIG based wind turbine became a favourite choice for power utilities.
Efficient power system operation through fuzzy and PSO algorithm for power loss reductions and voltage profile improvement by optimal placement of D-STATCOM
Authors: Vasiha Anjum S. , Mallikarjunaiah S. , Balakrishna G. , Bonasi Aruna , Matham Ramesh
Published: July 2024

This research aims to enhance voltage profiles and minimize power losses. in power systems through the strategic use of Distribution Static Compensators (DSTATCOM). Fuzzy Logic and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) work in concert to enhance the optimization process. Using a thorough testing framework, the paper assesses the suggested methodology on two different power system models, comprising 33 and 69 buses. Normal operating conditions and variations at 125%, 150%, and 175% of the nominal load are included in the testing scenarios. This rigorous testing regimen offers a comprehensive evaluation of the algorithm's performance and robustness under various operating scenarios. The purpose of placing the DSTATCOM devices strategically inside the electrical grid is to decrease power losses and enhance system voltage profiles. Uncertain. While the PSO algorithm maximizes the effectiveness of DSTATCOM unit placement, logic is used to tackle the inherent uncertainties and imprecisions in the power system. Under varied load conditions, this work demonstrates a major improvement in voltage profiles and a large reduction in power losses.
Bridging the Energy Divide: The Innovative Landscape of Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
Authors: Reddy Addela Rakshith , Kriahnamoorthy Murugaperumal , Swathi Madamanchi , Rajalingam S. , Shanmugariyan J. , Kumar Gouda Pramod
Published: July 2024

Renewable energy sources are sporadic and unpredictable, which makes mass adoption extremely difficult. A viable option that is specifically designed to handle this problem is compressed air energy storage, or CAES. It provides large-scale energy storage capabilities. Air is compressed during off- peak hours and stored in subterranean chambers as part of this two-step process. The air that has been stored is released when there is a demand peak, which turns a turbine and produces energy. Notably, CAES has a number of benefits over alternative storage options. Since it can keep energy for long periods of time, it is an excellent tool for managing the erratic output of renewable sources. Its intrinsic scalability also makes it adaptable to a variety of grid requirements. By offering backup power and enabling the smooth integration of renewables, CAES also helps to maintain grid stability. Moreover, its economic feasibility is highlighted by its comparatively elevated efficiency in contrast to alternative solutions. In order to fully realize the promise of renewable energy sources and promote a more robust and sustainable energy future, CAES offers a dependable and scalable method of storing energy.
The Study of Solar and Wind Power Systems under Different Weather Conditions
Authors: Rama Krishna A. , Vijay Kumar A. , Gopala Krushna A. , Shanmugapriyan J. , Keertana C.
Published: July 2024

The Hybrid power system integrates a PV station and wind park via an AC-bus to optimize overall attainment. Employing Maximum power point Tracking (MPPT) technology, both in PV systems and wind farms, ensures efficient operation of the hybrid system amid changing environmental conditions. Simulation using Simulink software allows for thorough assessment of the MPPT technology and control strategies in various environmental scenarios, encompassing solar effulgence and wind speed variations. The conceal after effect underscore the persuasiveness of the MPPT knack in maximizing power extirpation from hybrid power systems across diverse environmental conditions. Attaining unity power factor, the hybrid system synchronously injects current into the grid, maintaining phase alignment with the voltage. This control approach ensures grid voltage stability irrespective of external factors or injected electricity from the hybrid system. The solar and wind power system demonstrates commendable performance, leveraging renewable energy sources to produce electricity. While solar panels harness sunlight for electricity generation and wind turbines utilizes wind power, their environmental advantages include miniaturized carbon emissions and receded credence on fossil fuels. Nonetheless, remonstrance arise due to the intermittent nature of these energy sources, heavily reliant on weather conditions. To mitigate such challenges, advanced technologies like energy storage systems play a pivotal role. Continuous monitoring of system efficiency, coupled with advancements in weather forecasting and technical enhancements, is imperative for bolstering reliability and augmenting the contributions of PV and wind power to maintainable energy systems.
Sustainable Vision-Based Navigation for Autonomous Electric Vehicle Charging
Authors: Srivastava Nandini , Singh Harminder , Ikram Mohsin , Setia Nipun , Sharma Prabhat , Prasad Raju V. Siva , Kampani Shivani
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the integration of vision-based navigation into the charging procedure of autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs). The study offers a comprehensive examination of the precision of calibration, the ability to identify objects, the navigation capabilities of autonomous cars, and the effectiveness of charging sessions. The visual systems undergo meticulous calibration, which leads to inherent traits that are crucial for accurate perception. Object recognition algorithms have exceptional proficiency in precisely spotting electric vehicles, charging stations, cables, and obstacles, while also exhibiting heightened levels of confidence. The adaptive navigation framework exhibits improved precision, as seen by developments in velocity and steering angle, enabling AEVs to effectively navigate through complex urban scenarios. Examining the data from charging sessions indicates that the integration of vision- based navigation has led to enhanced operational effectiveness of AEVs. This is apparent via the significant reduction in charging duration and the favorable boost in energy output. The cross-parameter analysis reveals the interconnectedness, emphasizing the influence of accurate calibration on the recognition and movement of objects. It showcases a holistic integration of perception, navigation, and charging procedures. The findings have significant implications for the widespread adoption of vision-based navigation, providing a groundbreaking method for seamlessly incorporating autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) into real-world scenarios. Future research should give priority to enhancing calibration techniques, exploring advanced object detection algorithms, and resolving challenges related to dynamic urban environments. This will serve to validate the agility and reliability of the vision-based navigation architecture. In summary, this research offers valuable insights into the potential impact of vision-based navigation on the process of charging autonomous electric vehicles. Vision-based navigation is essential for the successful operation of AEVs in dynamic urban contexts.
Solution approaches to the three-index assignment problem
Authors: Mehbali Mohamed
Published: July 2024

This paper delves into the axial Three-index Assignment Problem (3IAP), alternatively known as the Multi-dimensional Assignment Problem, defined as an extension of the classical two-dimensional assignment problem. The 3IAP entails allocating $n$  tasks to $n$ machines in $n$  factories, ensuring one task is completed by one machine in one factory at a minimum total cost. This combinatorial optimization problem is classified as \emph{NP}-hard due to its inherent complexity and being the subject of much scholarly research and investigation.                     
The study employs an algorithmic approach to devise rapid and effective solutions for the 3IAP. A new heuristic Greedy-style Procedure (GSP) is introduced for solving the 3IAP, achieving feasible solutions within polynomial time. Particular configurations of cost matrices enable us to reach quality solutions. Examining tie-cases and matrix ordering unveiled innovative variants. Further investigation of cost matrix attributes facilitates the development of two new heuristic categories, offering optimal or nearly optimal solutions for the 3IAP.
Extensive numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of the heuristics, generating quality solutions in a short computational time. Furthermore, we implement two potent methods using optimization solvers, achieving optimal solutions for the 3IAP within competitive CPU times.
Notärztinnen und Notärzte in Nordrhein-Westfalen: Berufszufriedenheit, subjektiver Fortbildungsstand und Personalengpass – Umfrageergebnisse der AGNNW
Authors: Ahnert Tobias , Zellerhoff Marc , Breuer Florian , Bernhard Michael , Franke Thomas , Gretenkort Peter
Published: July 2024

Im Jahre 2004 veröffentlichte die Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Notärzte in Nordrhein-Westfalen (AGNNW) eine Umfrage zu Berufszufriedenheit und subjektivem Fortbildungsstand der Notärztinnen und Notärzte in Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW). Im Rahmen von anstehenden Reformvorhaben auf politischer Ebene und von Umbauprozessen der prähospitalen und innerklinischen Notfallmedizin spielt der aktuelle Istzustand der Berufszufriedenheit und ein potenzieller Notarztmangel eine bedeutende Rolle.

In Anlehnung an die Umfrage von vor 20 Jahren wurde eine erneute anonymisierte Befragung im Onlineformat durchgeführt. Ergänzend wurden in einer anonymen Umfrage die Gebietskörperschaften bezüglich aktueller Personalengpässen der notarztbesetzten Einsatzmittel befragt.

Im Jahr 2023 nahmen 635 Notärztinnen und Notärzte an der Umfrage zur subjektiven Berufszufriedenheit und Fortbildungsstand teil (2004: n = 666). Insgesamt 88,5% der Teilnehmenden äußerten eine subjektive Berufszufriedenheit und 95,4% eine hohe Zufriedenheit bezüglich der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Rettungsdienstfachpersonal. Insbesondere im Bereich der prähospitalen Geburt und der Notfallkoniotomie zeigte sich ein Fortbildungsbedarf. Bei der Auswertung möglicher Personalengpässe in den Gebietskörperschaften waren 92% der notarztbesetzten Einsatzmittel immer besetzt bzw. nur gelegentlich (< 4 pro Monat für mehr als 4 Stunden) unbesetzt.

Insgesamt zeigt die aktuelle Online-Umfrage aus 2023 eine hohe subjektive Berufszufriedenheit der Notärztinnen und Notärzten in NRW. Dennoch konnte klar ein bestehender notärztlicher Fortbildungsbedarf identifiziert werden. Hinsichtlich von Ausstattungsmerkmalen besteht nur bezüglich der Vorhaltung von Sonografiegeräten und Blutgasanalysegeräten aktueller Handlungsbedarf. Unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Diskussionen zur Gesundheits- und Krankenhausreform sind in NRW insgesamt nur geringe Ausfälle von notarztbesetzten Einsatzmitteln zu verzeichnen.
A Precision Medicine Guided Approach to the Utilization of Biomarkers in MASLD
Authors: Thakral Nimish , Desalegn Hailemichael , Diaz Luis Antonio , Cabrera Daniel , Loomba Rohit , Arrese Marco , Arab Juan Pablo
Published: July 2024

The new nomenclature of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) emphasizes a positive diagnosis based on cardiometabolic risk factors. This definition is not only less stigmatizing but also allows for subclassification and stratification, thereby addressing the heterogeneity of what was historically referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The heterogeneity within this spectrum is influenced by several factors which include but are not limited to demographic/dietary factors, the amount of alcohol use and drinking patterns, metabolic status, gut microbiome, genetic predisposition together with epigenetic factors. The net effect of this dynamic and intricate system-level interaction is reflected in the phenotypic presentation of MASLD. Therefore, the application of precision medicine in this scenario aims at complex phenotyping with consequent individual risk prediction, development of individualized preventive strategies, and improvements in the clinical trial designs. In this review, we aim to highlight the importance of precision medicine approaches in MASLD, including the use of novel biomarkers of disease, and its subsequent utilization in future study designs.
Using coupled surface complexation modeling and Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory to show non-linear relation between wettability with injection brine salinity in calcite rocks
Authors: Zare Khafri Fazel , Khamoushi Abarghoui Fatemeh , Nazari Sarem Mahdi
Published: July 2024

Wettability alteration is a mechanism for enhancing oil recovery through engineered water flooding in carbonate reservoirs. This study evaluates wettability by measuring the contact angle (CA) at various salinity levels, ranging from seawater (SW) to 100 times diluted seawater (SW100D). According to CA results, a 10-fold seawater dilution yielded the most water-wet calcite surface. The outcome indicated that the zeta potential (ZP) of rock/brine and oil/brine decreases as salinity decreases. This observation contrasts with the expected decrease in CA based on a general electrostatic perspective. A significant finding was that the decrease in ZP from SW to SW100 for oil/water (48.7 mV) exceeded that for rock/water (10.9 mV). A validated surface complexation model combined with the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory has been employed to elucidate salinity's impact on wettability variation. According to this model, the absorption of carbonate ions on the rock surface is negligible. As salinity decreases, the absorption of sulfate (SO42−) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions from seawater onto the rock surface diminishes. Consequently, the concentration of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and magnesium carbonate (CO3Mg2+) decreases with decreasing salinity, consistent with the surface complex model. Contrary to expectations based on the DLVO theory, reducing calcite rock surface potential does not necessarily lead to a decrease in the CA toward a wet surface. The ZP of the oil/brine interface emerges as a parameter influencing wettability behavior. A reduction in water salinity beyond a 10-fold dilution induces an imbalance in electrical charges at the rock and oil surfaces, stemming from chemical reactions.
Na-assisted space-confining method for rapid growth of large-domain-size monolayer MoS2 on SiO2
Authors: Zheng Miaomiao , Xu Donghao , Lu Jie , Lin Gaoxiang , Chen Yangbo , Huang Junjie , Zhang Yufeng , Cai Weiwei , Zhang Xueao
Published: July 2024

Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a typical transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD), is a promising functional material for next-generation electronics. However, growing large-domain-sized MoS2 single crystals on SiO2 remains considerably challenging. The amorphous structure and lack of catalytic activity of SiO2 prevent the deposition of a high-quality monolayer MoS2. Herein, a Na-assisted space-confining method is deployed to directly synthesize a MoS2 single-crystal on SiO2. The domain size of MoS2 reaches 450 μm within 3 min, the fastest growth rate reported so far. This highly efficient growth is probably due to two factors: the narrow space between the sodium–calcium glass, and the SiO2 substrate controls the nucleus density; meanwhile, the release of Na from sodium–calcium glass facilitates the rapid formation of large single crystals. These results provide insights into the rapid growth of large-domain-sized TMD single crystals on amorphous substrates.
Generation of arbitrary cylindrical vector beams by an all-fiber coherent beam combining system
Authors: Jin Kaikai , Chang Hongxiang , Long Jinhu , Su Rongtao , Zhang YuQiu , Zhang Jia Yi , Ma Yanxing , Zhou Pu
Published: July 2024

Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) with unique spatial polarization states have attracted great interest in recent years. However, the generation of high-power CVBs faces a significant challenge due to the limited output power of a single laser. Here, we capitalize on the brightness enhancement offered by coherent beam combining (CBC) technique and propose an architecture for generating arbitrary CVBs based on a CBC system. The phase noise is effectively compensated using an all-fiber internal phase-locking technique. By designing the polarization direction of each beamlet in the laser array, the desired mode of CVB can be generated. This work could provide a reference for generating high-power CVBs.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of fluids by percolating high-concentration few-layer graphene
Authors: Ishii Keiko , Ogiyama Takahiro , Fumoto Koji , Nishina Yuta
Published: July 2024

High-performance and small-sized heat exchangers have been demanded due to the miniaturization and higher output of electronic devices, lasers, and energy harvesting/storage systems. Graphene nanosheet suspension has attracted attention as a next-generation nanofluid because of its high thermal conductivity and low pressure drop, while being dispersed stably without any additives. Graphene-based nanofluids have been mostly investigated using graphene oxide, and there are a few studies on pure graphene because of the limitation in mass production and stabilization at high concentrations of graphene. In this study, we prepared a 10 wt. % high-concentration few-layer graphene suspension by pulverizing graphite particles. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectra confirmed the few-layer graphene is formed in the suspension. The thermal conductivity of the suspension increased with concentration and suddenly jumped at a specific concentration. Furthermore, a significant improvement in thermal conductivity of >40% compared to base liquid was confirmed at 10 wt. % graphene content. A similar trend was observed for electrical resistance; 10 wt. % graphene suspension showed 62% lower resistance than that of 1 wt. %. These results suggest the percolation of graphene in a liquid, which has not been observed for graphene-based materials in previous research.