ШАМАНИЗМ ЭВЕНКОВ НИЖНЕЙ ТУНГУСКИ: ВИЗУАЛЬНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ ИЗ ФОНДА П.П. ХОРОШИХ, 1930 Г.
Authors: С.В. БУРАЕВА , О.В. БУРАЕВА 
Published: November 2024

В настоящем исследовании дан систематический обзор фотодокументов и рисунков из личного архива П.П. Хороших, созданных им во время экспедиции 1930 г. на Нижнюю Тунгуску и хранящихся в Центре восточных рукописей и ксилографов ИМБТ СО РАН. В них освещаются различные аспекты шаманизма эвенков. Авторами выполнена систематизация источников, раскрыта методика П.П. Хороших, показаны особенности фотофиксации, составления схем и зарисовок. Отдельно сгруппированы сведения о фотографиях шаманских обрядов у эвенков, отмечено, что значительное место занимают рисунки и схемы шаманских локаций, а также шаманских атрибутов. Осуществлена идентификация персоналий шаманов. Сделан вывод о важном источниковедческом и историко-культурном значении материалов экспедиции для расширения научных представлений об основах эвенкийского шаманизма, его пространственно-предметном мире.

The Center for Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs (COMX) of the Institute of Mongolian Studies, Buddhology and Tibetology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMBT SB RAS) stores visual materials that reveal various aspects of Evenks shamanism. The article presents a systematic review of photographic documents and drawings from the personal archive of P.P. Khoroshikh, created by him during the expedition to the Nizhnyaya Tunguska River in 1930. As a result of the study, the sources were systematized, the materials were grouped into the following blocks: personalities, space, rituals, attributes, costume. The method of drawing and scheme compilation by the author is determined - indicating the name of the place or ceremony, orientation to the cardinal points, distances (sizes), placement schemes of the participants of the ceremony and attributes, names of elements in Evenk and Russian. The feature of photo fixation consists in duplication of photographs and drawings of one object, and in some cases, their placement on one album (notebook) sheet, which significantly increases the informative content. The materials about shamanic rituals captured not only information about the traditional rituals, but also extremely rarely recorded ones (treatment). A large block consists of drawings and photographs of attributes for shamanic ritual, spirits-patrons of hunting, sacred animals; rarely - the image of the spirits of ancestors. Drawings and schemes of shamanic locations occupy a significant place; among them, there are schemes and photos of the places for rituals, shamanic tents. Some of the photographic materials are devoted to the different types of shamanic burials: an aerial grave, burials with a cross, graves with a cross and a horse’s head. The drawings and photographs also captured several details of the costume (masks, pendants, etc.). As a result of a comparative source study, the identification of shaman personalities in photographs was carried out. Identical attributed photographs were found in the photo fonds of other museum collections; the spelling of names was clarified. The materials of the expedition are of great source study significance for expanding scientific ideas about the spatial and objective world of Evenks shamanism in the first third of the XX century.