bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in the treatment of hepatic sinus obstruction syndrome caused by Gynura segetum
Authors: Bing Hao , Li Dan , Chang Bing , Li Yiling , He Xiangmin , Tong Jing , Wang Ying , Ao Ran , Wang Ningning
Published: August 2019

Background

PA-HSOS is a rare disease and there is no specific treatment for PA-HSOS. Anticoagulant, antithrombotic and microcirculation therapy can alleviate the progression of PA-HSOS. The application of rivaroxaban in patients with PA-HSOS has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in the treatment of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndromecaused by Gynura segetum (PA-HSOS) .

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted with the clinical data of patients with PA-HSOS in the acute/subacute phase caused by taking Gynura segetum. The patients were divided into warfarin and rivaroxaban groups according to the anticoagulant therapy they received. Related biochemical indicators were monitored during hospitalization. Liver ultrasound, liver elastography and related biochemical indicators were reviewed every two weeks or one month after discharge. The patients were followed until 1 year after complete remission or death. The efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban was compared with that of warfarin according to the patients’ hepatic venous recanalization rates and the occurrence of bleeding events.

Results

The study included 20 patients, with 10 patients in the warfarin group and 10 patients in the rivaroxaban group. The results showed that the average anticoagulant course in the rivaroxaban group was significantly shorter than that in the warfarin group (P=0.007). With treatment, the remission rates of the rivaroxaban group and the warfarin group reached 90%. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions or bleeding events between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions

Compared with warfarin, rivaroxaban, a new oral anticoagulant, is convenient and safe for clinical use. It has an obvious effect on PA-HSOS and a low risk of bleeding. It provides a new anticoagulant treatment for PA-HSOS.
Thioredoxin system protein expression in carcinomas of the pancreas, bile duct and ampulla.
Authors: Al-hadyan Khaled S. , Storr Sarah J. , Zaitoun Abed M. , Lobo Dileep N. , Martin Stewart G.
Published: August 2019

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC), including the ampulla and bile duct, is very aggressive, and thus difficult to treat with effective therapies. The current treatment options have failed to improve PC five-year survival rates over the last 30 to 40 years, which remain very low, at ~3%; there is, therefore, an urgent need to identify new targets and treatment modalities (1).
Methods: The protein expression of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TxNIP) was assessed in two cancer patient cohorts by standard immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. The first cohort was composed of 85 pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PAD) and the second of 145 cancers of the bile duct and ampulla.
Results: In the PAD cohort, high cytoplasmic TrxR expression significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.033). High expression of cytoplasmic (P = 0.018) and nuclear (P = 0.006) Trx were significantly associated with better overall survival, with nuclear Trx expression remaining significantly associated with survival in multivariate Cox-regression (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.316; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 0.174-0.573; P < 0.0001) when potentially confounding factors were included (gender, age, tumour size, tumour grade, tumour stage, lymph node status, perineural and venous invasion).
In cancers of the bile duct and ampulla, high expression of nuclear TrxR and high cytoplasmic TxNIP were associated with patients aged above 60 years (P = 0.024 and P = 0.049 respectively). Associations were also observed between high nuclear TrxR expression and the presence of venous (P = 0.001) and perineural (P = 0.021) invasion. Low cytoplasmic TxNIP expression was also associated with the presence of perineural invasion (P = 0.025). High expression of cytoplasmic TxNIP was significantly associated with better overall survival (P = 0.0002), which remained significant in multivariate Cox-regression analysis (HR 0.548; 95% CI 0.340-0.882; P = 0.013) when potentially confounding factors were included (tumour grade, stage, lymph node status, perineural and venous invasion).
Conclusion: Current findings demonstrate the prognostic importance of Trx system protein expression in pancreatic, bile duct and ampullary cancers, with expression of certain members potentially being involved in disease progression. Current findings warrant a larger follow-up study.
lncRNA ABHD11-AS1 drives gastric cancer development by targeting miR-1301-3p/PDPK1 signaling
Authors: xin hairong , yan zhefeng , cao jie
Published: August 2019

Background

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has long been reported to associate with multitudinous kinds of cancer. The ABHD11-AS1, a newly identified lncRNAs, has been demonstrated as a new marker of gastric cancer (GC). In this study, a significant upregulation of ABHD11-AS1 was observed in GC, compared to adjacent normal tissues.

Method

Immunohistochemical analysis for ABHD11-AS1, 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1 (PDPK1), miR-1301-3p was performed on gastric tumor and adjacent normal tissues. The gene expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR. The proliferation was assayed by CCK8 and Annexin V/PI assay.

Results

ABHD11-AS1 is highly expressed in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues(*p<0.01) Knock-down of ABHD11-AS1 could suppress the aberrant proliferation of GC cells compared with si-Scramble(*p<0.01). LncRNA-ABHD11-AS1 served as a sponge for miR-1301-3p in GC cell. miR-1301-3p/ABHD11-AS1 regulated the expression of PDPK1 in GC cells compared with control *p<0.01). miR-1301-3p/ ABHD11-AS1 co-mediated proliferation and apoptosis of GC cell compared with si-Scramble/Mock and si-ABHD11-AS1/Mock (*p<0.01)

Conclusion

PDPK1 was a downstream target of miR-133a-3p and ABHD11-AS1 subsequently exerted its biological effects via modulating the expression of PDPK1in gastric cancer cells.

Key

lncRNA,ABHD11-AS1, gastric cancer, miR-1301-3p, PDPK1
The prognostic value of B7-H6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Shu , Zhou Huan , Dong Jun , Guo Liyi , Wang Xicheng , Wang Kailin , Cai Xiuyu
Published: August 2019

Background

B7-h6, a member of the B7 family molecules, participates in the clearance of tumor cells by binding to NKp30 on NK cells. The expression of B7-H6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the clinical significance is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the expression of B7-H6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the clinical significance of B7-H6 expression.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively collected clinical data from 145 patients diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma between January 2007 and December 2008. These patients had all previously undergone surgical treatment for esophageal cancer, were clearly diagnosed, and had not received chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In addition, pathological tissue samples from the 145 patients were collected to detect the expression of B7-H6 by immunohistochemistry. The chi-square (χ2) test was used to analyse the relationships between B7-H6 and clinicopathological characteristics. The prognosis of the patients were analysed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

B7-H6 was present in 133/145 (91.72%) of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma samples and all localized in the cytoplasm. The expression level of B7-H6 was correlated with T stage (P=0.036) and lymphatic metastasis status (P=0.044). According to the results of the ROC curve analysis, H-score =90 was selected as the cut-off value. The 145 patients were divided into two groups, the high B7-H6 expression (H-score>90) group and the low B7-H6 expression (H-score≤90) group. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that tumour size (P=0.021), B7-H6 expression (P=0.025) and lymphatic metastasis status (P=0.049) were independent prognostic factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test demonstrated that the patients with high B7-H6 expression (P = 0.003), lymphatic metastasis (P <0.001) or a tumour size ≥ 3.0 cm (P = 0.001) had significantly worse survival than those with low B7-H6 expression, no lymphatic metastasis or a tumour size < 3.0 cm respectively.

Conclusion

B7-H6 is widely expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and high expression of B7-H6 can be used as a predictor of poor prognosis.
Production and assessment of polyclonal antibody against the whole virion of Goatpox virus and sheeppox virus in the rabbit
Authors: Jing Zhizhong , Hurisa Takele Tesgera , Jia Huaijie , Chen Guohua , Xiang Fang Yong , He Xiao-Bing , Wang Xia oxia
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Antibodies have emerged as essential tools of biomedical researches and are of great commercial and medical values. They are the fastest growing product segments of the pharmaceutical industry. Polyclonal antibodies are antibodies that secreted by different B cell lineages within the body. In this study production of polyclonal antibody against Goatpox and Sheeppox virion in rabbit was performed and subsequently; it will be used as the development of ELISA for detection of poxvirus in different species of animals.
Results: After 0.5mg/ml of the whole virion of the poxvirus was injected subcutaneously at multiple sites, the blood was collected at an interval of 14 days and antibody titration was conducted. GTPV A27 antigen was coated and indirect ELISA method was used for the titration of antibody then the mean of OD values for positive and negative results were analyzed by Microsoft excel window 7. The blood was collected and serum was prepared for IgG purification. The IgG was purified by Ammonium sulfate precipitation method which was dialyzed against 5lire PBS overnight at +4oc. The protein concentration was determined spectrophotometrically at 280nm wavelength and estimated as 2.29µg/µl and 2.18µg/µl against Goatpox virus and sheeppox virus respectively. Protein bands were checked by SDS PAGE and the molecular weights of 67kDa and 25kDas were estimated for IgG. similarly, antigen-antibody detection was checked by western blot.
Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the virion of Goatpox virus and Sheeppox virus is strong enough to produce antibody to develop ELISA kit for detection of poxviruses by coating GPTV A27 antigen. This study is the first to be conducted for the production of antibody from virions of Goatpox and sheeppox virus which was tittered by coating GTPV A27 antigen.
Improvement and Use of CRISPR/Cas9 to Engineer a Sperm-marking Strain for the Invasive Fruit Pest Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Ahmed Hassan M. M. , Hildebrand Luisa , Wimmer Ernst A.
Published: August 2019

Background: The invasive fruit pest Drosophila suzukii has been reported for the first time in Europe and USA in 2008 and has spread since then. The adoption of type II clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) as a tool for genome manipulation has opened the doors for researchers to develop novel biotechnologically based pest control approaches. Stage and or tissue specific genes are of particular importance in the field of insect biotechnology. The enhancer/promoter of the spermatogenesis specific beta-2-tubulin (β2t) gene was used to drive the expression of fluorescent proteins or effector molecules in testes of agricultural pests and diseases vectors for sexing, monitoring and reproductive biology studies. Here, we demonstrate an improvement in the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing in D. suzukii and establish a sperm-marking system.Results: To improve genome editing we isolated and tested the D. suzukii endogenous promoters of the small nuclear RNA gene U6 to drive the expression of a guide RNA and the Ds heat shock protein 70 promoter to express Cas9. As a comparison, we used recombinant Cas9 protein and in vitro transcribed gRNA as a preformed ribonucleoprotein. To evaluate the homology-dependent repair (HDR)-based genome editing efficiency, we used as a target platform a previously established transgenic line that expresses DsRed ubiquitously. In addition, we isolated Ds_β2t gene and used its promoter to drive the expression of a red fluorescence protein in the sperm. A transgenic sperm-marking strain was then established by the improved HDR-based genome editing.Conclusion: The use of the endogenous promoters of D. suzukii U6 and hsp70 genes to drive the expression of gRNA and Cas9, respectively, showed improved efficiency of gene editing compared to previous reports. The sperm-marking system should help to monitor the success of pest control campaigns in the context of the Sterile Insect Technique and provides a tool for basic research in reproductive biology of this invasive pest. Furthermore, the promoter of the β2t gene can be used in developing novel transgenic pest control approaches. The CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used as an additional tool for the modification of previously established transgenes.
Transcriptome profiling of the elongating internode of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings in response to mepiquat chloride
Authors: Wang Li , Yin Ying , Wang Li-Feng , Wang Menglei , Zhao Miao , Tian Ye , Li Yong-Fang
Published: August 2019

Background

The plant growth retardant mepiquat chloride (MC) has been extensively used to produce compact plant canopies and increase yield in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Previous studies mainly focused on the role of gibberellins (GA) in MC-induced growth inhibition of cotton. However, the molecular mechanism underlying MC-induced growth retardation has remained largely unknown.

Results

In the present study, we conducted histological, transcriptomic, and phytohormone analyses of the second elongating internodes of cotton seedlings treated with MC. Histological analysis revealed that the MC-mediated shortening of internodes was caused by the suppression of cell division and decrease in cell length; this phenotype was confirmed by transcriptome profiling. Many genes related to cell growth were significantly downregulated in MC-treated internodes, such as cell cycle, cell wall biosynthesis and modification, and transport protein aquaporins. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to secondary metabolism, especially lignin and flavonoid, was down-regulated by MC treatment. The expression of genes related to GA, auxin, brassinosteroid (BR), and ethylene metabolism and signaling was remarkably suppressed, whereas that of genes related to cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism was induced by MC. Consistent with RNA-Seq analysis, significant decrease in endogenous GA, auxin, and BR content, but an increase in CK content, was observed in cotton internodes after MC treatment. In addition, many transcription factors (TFs) such as bHLH, AP2-EREBP, Orphans, MYB, GRF, and TCP were differentially regulated by MC; these TFs are associated with cell division and expansion, phytohormone signaling, and circadian rhythm.

Conclusions

This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the MC-mediated inhibition of internode elongation in cotton seedlings. MC reduces internode elongation by suppressing the biosynthesis and downstream signaling cascades of GA, auxin, and BR; altering the expression of many TFs; and further reducing cell division and expansion.
The effects of food simulating liquids on surface roughness, hardness, and solubility of bulk fill composites
Authors: Cabadağ Özge Gizem , GÖNÜLOL NİHAN
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of food simulating liquids (FSLs) on the surface roughness, surface hardness and solubility of bulk fill composites. MethodsTwo-hundred samples were prepared from four high viscosity bulk fill composites (SonicFillTM, Tetric® EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Beautifil-Bulk Restorative, FiltekTM Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative) and a microhybrid composite (FiltekTM Z250). After the initial weights of the samples were recorded (m1), surface roughness measurements were evaluated with a profilometer. The samples were stored in 4 different FSLs for 7 days, then the second surface roughness values were recorded. Then the samples were stored in a desiccator to reach the constant mass and the values were recorded as m2. The solubility levels were calculated according to the ISO 4049: 2009 specification. The surface hardness values of the samples were determined by using the Vickers microhardness measuring device. Twenty specimens from each group were evaluated in terms of surface morphology with scanning electron microscope (SEM).ResultsBeautifil Bulk Restorative was the most affected group in terms of surface roughness after storage in FSLs and citric acid caused the highest values in this group (p<0,005). Beautifil Bulk Restorative and Filtek Z250 groups showed the highest surface hardness values, while the Tetric EvoCeram group had the lowest. The highest solubility values were detected in Beautifil Bulk Restorative group, and citric acid and ethanol caused the highest solubility values on all the tested composites. ConclusionsBeautifil Bulk Restorative group showed significant differences from the other groups in all tested parameters.
Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) scale for use in Sri Lankan Adolescents: Modification and validation of a Sinhalese version
Authors: Amilani Uttara , Jayasekara Prasanna , Perera Irosha R , Carter Hannah E , Senanayake Sameera , Kularatna Sanjeewa
Published: August 2019

Background Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) surveys play an important role in understanding subjective patient experiences in oral health care. The Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) scale is a validated OHRQoL tool that measures the impact and extent to which an individual’s daily activities may be compromised by their oral health. It is commonly used to facilitate oral health service planning. The aim of this study was to modify and validate a Sinhalese version of the OIDP for use in Sri Lankan adolescents. Methods The first stage involved cultural adaptation of the tool through translation and modification. After translation and cultural adaptation, the modified OIDP was tested on 220, 15-19 year old adolescents in Sri Lanka. The adolescents completed the modified OIDP scale together with the questions evaluation their self-rated oral health as a self-administered questionnaire. This involved the exploring factor structure, validation and a reliability assessment. Factorability was assessed by inspection of correlation matrix and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity tests as a measure of sampling adequacy. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out using Principal Component Analysis method and factors were rotated using the oblimin method. Results 220 adolescents participated in factor analysis and validation studies. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure was 0.87 and Bartlett’s test of Sphericity was significant (p<0.001) Cronbach’s alpha was calculated as 0.88, indicating a high level of internal consistency. The principal component analysis produced two factors with Eigen values ranging from 1.12 to 4.40, explaining 70.0% of total variance. Concurrent validity was satisfactory as the OIDP score increased when the adolescents’ perceived oral health decreased. Conclusion This study showed that the modified OIDP scale is applicable for use among adolescents in Sri Lanka. It has promising psychometric properties but further research is required to use this tool in other cohorts.
Clinical evaluation of non-motor symptoms in jaw closing dystonia
Authors: Narita Noriyuki , Ishii Tomohiro , Kamiya Kazunobu , Hirayama Teruyasu
Published: August 2019

Background The features of non-motor symptoms such as cognitive ability, psychiatric state, and quality of life (QOL) is unknown in patients with jaw closing dystonia. Methods Seven patients with jaw closing dystonia (2 males, 5 females; mean age 60.4 years) and 7 healthy age- and gender-matched subjects (mean age 54.1 years) participated in this study. The patients were examined to determine the location of pain and movement difficulties, with awareness of those measured using a numerical rating scale (0-10). Examinations of cognitive ability using Mini-Mental State Examination findings, psychological states using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and symptoms using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised were also conducted, as well as examinations of QOL using Oral Health Impact Profile and 36-Item Short Form Survey results. Results The awareness of pain and amount of movement difficulty varied among the jaw closing dystonia patients. Those patients also presented significantly lower scores for cognitive ability, and higher scores for depression and somatization as compared to the healthy subjects. In addition, the patients showed significantly modulated scores for QOL. Conclusions Non-motor symptoms affecting jaw closing dystonia patients may be prominent in regard to cognition, depression, and somatization, as well as QOL, while causal neuropathological relationships are also present.
Evaluation of designed IS711 primers and universal primers of B4 and B5 for detection of Brucella spp. in clinical samples
Authors: Heidari Pedram , Salehi Mitra , Sepahi Abbas Akhavan , Razavi Mohamad Reza
Published: August 2019

Background

Brucellosis as a global concern is a zoonotic infectious disease which affects a wide range of individual in developing countries. A confirmed diagnosis is required to isolate the bacterial agent from clinical specimens like blood, bone marrow, CSF or tissues. Microbiological, serological and molecular approaches are useful for detection and identification of Brucella spp. and blood culture is known as the gold standard for Brucella spp. Diagnosis of brucellosis through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could be more sensitive and specific than other classical methods such as blood culture and conventional serological tests. Until now different Brucella specific sequences like BCSP 31, IS711 and 16SrRNAwere amplified for detection of Brucella Spp.

Results

Amplification of extracted DNA from serum of 49 suspected patients were tested with two sets of specific primers. The BCSP31 sequence amplicon was 223 bp and all the 49 (100%) serum specimens isolated from suspected patients were positive by B4 and B5 primers, even the 4 cases out of 49 2ME negative samples were positive. Detection of Brucella in serum samples by designed IS711 primers revealed the amplicon of IS711 with 448 bp length. Among the 49 serum samples isolated from patients, 46 (93.87%) cases were positive.
The B4-B5 primers and IS711 designed primer recognized 100% (49/49) and 94% (46/49) of the cases, respectively.

Conclusion

This study shows that the specificity of the 2 primer sets is 100% and the sensitivity of B4-B5 primers is 100%, while the sensitivity of the designed primers of IS711 is 94%. The B4-B5 primers can detect the least number of both B. melitensis and B. abortus, 0.05 CFU/reaction. However, the designed IS711 set is able to detect 2 CFU/reaction, about 2.5×102 times more sensitive than results of other experiments for detection of IS711 target sequence in the specimens.
Didelphis albiventris: an overview of an unprecedented transcriptome sequencing of the white-eared opossum
Authors: Santos Íria Gabriela Dias dos , Mendes Tiago Antônio de Oliveira , Silva Gerluza Aparecida Borges , Reis Amanda Maria Sena , Vitorello Cláudia Barros Monteiro , Schaker Patrícia Dayane Carvalho , Herai Roberto Hirochi , Fabotti André Brait Carneiro , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Jorge Erika C
Published: August 2019

Background
The white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) is widely distributed throughout Brazil and South America. They have been used as animal models to study different aspects in science, from the restoration of degraded green areas to medical aspects of the Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and resistance against snake venom. As a marsupial, D. albiventris can also aid the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms that govern the different stages of organogenesis, as their joeys are born after only 13 days, depending on placentation, and the final stages of organogenesis occurs when the neonates are inside the pouch, depending on lactation. As the genome of this opossum species, and/or its transcriptome, had not been completely sequenced yet, the use of D. albiventris as an animal model is limited. In this work, we have sequenced the D. albiventris transcriptome, by RNA-seq, to obtain the first catalogue of differentially expressed genes (DE) and gene ontology (GO) annotation during the neonatal stages of the marsupial development.
Results
The D. albiventris transcriptome was obtained from whole neonates harvested at birth (P0), at five days old (P5) and ten days old (P10). The de novo assembly of these transcripts allowed us to obtain 85,338 transcripts. Only ~30% of these transcripts could be mapped against M. domestica genome, the closest phylogenetic relative with available nucleotide sequences. Among the expressed transcripts, 2,077 were found to be DE between P0 and P5, 13,780 between P0 and P10, and 1,453 between P5 and P10. Enriched GO terms were mainly related to immune system, blood tissue development and differentiation, vision, hearing, digestion, CNS and limb development.
Conclusions
The unveiling of opossum transcriptomes provides an out-group to better understand the distinct characteristics associated with the evolution of mammalian species. Nevertheless, this is the first transcriptome sequencing and available catalogue of genes of a marsupial species at different neonatal stages, allowing the study of mechanisms involved in the organogenesis.
Hypotension during hip fracture surgery and postoperative morbidity: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Cusack Rachael , Beecham Gabriel , Crilly Grace , Vencken Sebastian , Buggy Donal
Published: August 2019

Background: Hip fracture is a growing healthcare challenge, with 6-8% 30-day mortality and 20-30% of patients incurring major morbidity. Intraoperative hypotension during hip fracture surgery is associated with increased 30-day mortality regardless of anaesthetic technique. Although a recent trial demonstrated reduced postoperative complications by maintaining intraoperative arterial blood pressure close to baseline, there are no data correlating intraoperative hypotension during hip fracture surgery with postoperative morbidity.
Objective: We evaluated the hypothesis that duration and severity of intraoperative hypotension during hip fracture surgery is associated with increased postoperative morbidity.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on n=52 patients undergoing hip fracture surgery between January and June 2017. Electronic measurements of patients’ intraoperative systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during anaesthesia were reviewed. We calculated the total duration of time where SAP or MAP were below pre-defined thresholds for hypotension (MAP < 75 mmHg, MAP < 55 mmHg, SAP ≤ 80% admission baseline, or SAP ≤ 80% pre-induction baseline). Univariate and bivariate descriptive statistics were generated for all relevant variables. With multivariable regression models containing known predictors, cumulative duration of hypotension was correlated with postoperative comorbidities as quantified by the Clavien-Dindo and Comprehensive Complication Indices.
Results: Mean age (± SD) was 78 ± 13 years, 75% were female, 87% were ASA II or III and 60% underwent spinal anaesthesia. Mean Comprehensive Complication Index was 20.4 ± 19.2. Lowest absolute SAP and MAP values were 82 ± 18 mmHg and 55 ± 12 mmHg respectively. Cumulative time of SAP <80% pre-induction value adjusted to gender, age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index was associated with progression to a higher Clavien-Dindo classification (odds ratio: 1.020 per additional minute; 95% CI: 1.008 – 1.035; P = 0.003).
Conclusions: In this exploratory retrospective analysis, the cumulative time of hypotension during hip fracture surgery correlated with extensive postoperative morbidity when adjusting to other known predictors. Intraoperative cumulative time of hypotension may be a good candidate for larger prediction studies as a predictor of postoperative complications. A randomised controlled trial evaluating active control of intraoperative hypotension on postoperative morbidity in hip fracture patients seems warranted.
Promoting Independence in Dementia (PRIDE): Protocol for a Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Shafayat Aisha , Csipke Emese , Bradshaw Lucy , Charlesworth Georgina , Day Florence , Leung Phuong , Moniz-Cook Esme , Montgomery Alan , Morris Steve , Mountain Gail , Ogollah Reuben , Sprange Kirsty , Yates Lauren , Orrell Martin
Published: August 2019

Background Memory services often see people with early stage dementia who are largely independent and able to participate in community activities but who run the risk of reducing activities and social networks. PRIDE is a self-management intervention designed to promote living well and enhance independence for people with mild dementia. This study aims to examine the feasibility of conducting a definitive randomised trial comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the PRIDE intervention offered in addition to usual care or with usual care alone. Methods/Design PRIDE is a parallel, two-arm, multicentre, feasibility, randomised controlled trial (RCT). Eligible participants aged 18 or over who have mild dementia (defined as a score of 0.5 or 1 on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale) who can participate in the intervention and provide informed consent will be randomised (1:1) to treatment with the PRIDE intervention delivered in addition to usual care, or usual care only. Participants will be followed-up at three and six month’s post-randomisation. There will be an option for a supporter to join each participant. Each supporter will be provided with questionnaires at baseline and follow-ups at three to six months. Embedded qualitative research with both participants and supporters will explore their perspectives on the intervention investigating a range of themes including acceptability and barriers and facilitators to delivery and participation. The feasibility of conducting a full RCT associated with participant recruitment and follow-up of both conditions, intervention delivery including the recruitment, training, retention of PRIDE trained facilitators, clinical outcomes, intervention and resource use costs and the acceptability of the intervention and study related procedures will be examined. Discussion This study will assess whether a definitive randomised trial comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of whether the PRIDE intervention offered in addition to usual care is feasible in comparison to usual care alone, and if so will provide data to inform the design and conduct of a future trial. Trial Registration and protocol version ISRCTN, ISRCTN11288961, registered on 23 October 2019, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12345678 Protocol V2.1 dated 19 June 2019 Keywords Dementia, self-management, feasibility trial
Scabies outbreak investigation in Addet town, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia, 2017
Authors: Alebachew Habtamu , Mulatu Kebadnew , Worku Mastewal
Published: August 2019

Background Globally scabies was among the 50 most common infectious diseases, with a point prevalence 0.3%-46% and in terms of morbidity, at 1.5 million disability-adjusted life years. This study investigate and asses risk factors of scabies in Addet Medhanit Alem yekolo temarie in Yilmana Densa district Amhara, Ethiopia, 2017 Methods Unmatched Case-control study was employed. Fifety five cases from line lists reviewed as per the WHO case definition. Cases were epidemiological linked to previously epidemiological confirmed cases and 118 controls were interviewed with structured questionnaires. Data was entered EPI info version 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Adjusted Odds Ratios and with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated to measure strength of association in multi-variable logistic regression Results The prevalence of scabies was 35%. The mean (SD) age of respondents was 16.4(2.785). Out of respondents 110 (63.6%) used river water for daily basis, 36(20.8%) changed their cloth frequently, 105(60.7%) washed their body frequently, 106(61.3%) had at least one scabies infected person in their house. The odds of scabies infection were 2.3 (AOR = 0.436, 95% CI: 0.205-0.929) times lower among frequent changing of cloth, And washing of body with soap and water were 2.17(AOR = 0.461% CI: 0.214-0.993) times lower having scabies infection. Share cloth was 3(AOR = 3.313, 95% CI: 1.536-7.149) times higher having scabies infection. Presence of scabies infected individuals in the family was 6 (AOR = 6.029, 95% CI: 2.071-14.275) times higher to develop scabies infection. Conclusions There prevalence of scabies infection was high, less than 15 years age group were most affected. Frequent changing of cloth, frequent use of soap for body wash, sharing of cloth and presence of scabies infected individuals in the family were factors affecting scabies infection. Personal, house hygiene should be strength and avail soap for students should be considered.
A comparative study of the epidemiology of Treponemal Infection in the Volta Region of Ghana: A Five-Year Multisite Parallel Population-Based Analysis vis-à-vis the Sentinel Survey
Authors: Lokpo Sylvester Yao , Owusu-Dabo Ellis , Deku John Gameli , Orish Verner Ndudiri , Kye-Duodu Gideon , Ussher Francis Abeku , Boakye Thomas , Adigbli Daniel , Ameke Louis Selasi , Fianko William Klutse , Adedze-Kpodo Robert , Letsa Henry Komla , Tashie Worlanyo , Gbormittah Noble Selorm , Kpene Godsway Edem , Osei-Yeboah James
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Treponemal infection is contagious and one of the oldest blood-borne infections, with great public health consequences. This study aimed to comparatively describe the five–year (2013-2017) regional epidemiology of Treponemal infection using pregnant women in the Sentinel Survey and apparently healthy blood donors as proxy for the general population at the four sentinel sites in the Volta Region of Ghana.
Method: We analysed retrospectively data from 17,744 prospective blood donors aged between 18 to 58 years and 7,805 pregnant women in a Sentinel Survey who fell within the 15 and 49 years age bracket at Hohoe, Ho, Tongu and Krachi-West sentinel sites in the Volta Region. Data extracted included age, gender, date of blood donation and Treponena pallidum chromatographic immunoassay results from the blood banks of the four study sites. Published reports of Sentinel Surveys conducted at the four sentinel sites from the years 2013-2017 were retrieved.
Results: The cumulative five-year prevalence of Treponemal infections among the pregnant women in the Sentinel Survey and prospective blood donors was 0.38% and 2.38% respectively. Site-specific prevalence for population-base/Sentinel survey was 4.6%/0.4%, 2.0%/0.2%, 1.3%/0.8 and 1.2%/0.2 for Hohoe, Ho, Krachi-West and Tongu respectively. Treponemal infection rates among the younger age groups (15-24years) were 0.31% in the sentinel survey and 2.22% in the general population. Significant gender disparity in Treponemal infection exist with male preponderance.
Conclusion: The regional prevalence of Treponemal infection in the Sentinel Survey is lower compared to the general population. Therefore, the use of pregnant women as proxy for population estimate could lead to underestimation of the burden in the study jurisdiction.
A Qualitative Transcriptional Signature for the Histological Reclassification of Lung Squamous Cell carcinomas and Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Li Xin , Shi Gengen , Chu Qingsong , Jiang Wenbin , Liu Yixin , Zhang Sainan , Zhang Zheyang , Wei Zixin , He Fei , Guo Zheng , Qi Lishuang
Published: August 2019

Background: Targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer is histology dependent. However, histological classification by routine pathological assessment with hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunostaining for poorly differentiated tumors, particularly those from small biopsies, is still challenging. Additionally, the effectiveness of immunomarkers is limited by technical inconsistencies of immunostaining and lack of standardization for staining interpretation.

Results: Using gene expression profiles of pathologically-determined lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, denoted as pADC and pSCC respectively, we developed a qualitative transcriptional signature, based on the within-sample relative gene expression orderings (REOs) of gene pairs, to distinguish ADC from SCC. The signature consists of two genes, KRT5 and AGR2, which has the stable REO pattern of KRT5 > AGR2 in pSCC and KRT5 < AGR2 in pADC. In the two test datasets with relative unambiguous NSCLC types, the apparent accuracy of the signature were 94.44% and 98.41%, respectively. In the other integrated dataset for frozen tissues, the signature reclassified 4.22% of the 805 pADC patients as SCC and 12% of the 125 pSCC patients as ADC. Similar results were observed in the clinical challenging cases, including FFPE specimens, mixed tumors, small biopsy specimens and poorly differentiated specimens. The survival analyses showed that the pADC patients reclassified as SCC had significantly shorter overall survival than the signature-confirmed pADC patients (log-rank p = 0.0123, HR = 1.89), consisting with the knowledge that SCC patients suffer poor prognoses than ADC patients. The proliferative activity, subtype-specific marker genes and consensus clustering analyses also supported the correctness of our signature.

Conclusions: The non-subjective qualitative REOs signature could effectively distinguish ADC from SCC, which would be an auxiliary test for the pathological assessment of the ambiguous cases.
Enrichment of manganese to spessartine saturation in granite-pegmatite systems
Authors: Maner James L. , London David , Icenhower Jonathan P.
Published: August 2019

The enrichment of manganese in peraluminous (S-type) granitic melts beginning with the anatexis of metapelitic rock and ending with the crystallization of highly evolved pegmatites is explained using experimentally derived mineral-melt partition coefficients and solubility data for Mn-rich garnet. Mineral-melt partition coefficients for Fe, Mg, and Mn between garnet, cordierite, tourmaline, and peraluminous, B-bearing hydrous granitic melt were measured between 650 and 850 °C at 200 MPaH2O. The compositions of garnet and tourmaline synthesized in these experiments are similar to those found in nature. Garnets evolve from Sps51Alm23Prp25 to Sps81Alm15Prp4 with decreasing temperature. The Mn content of cordierite increases with decreasing temperature. The composition of tourmaline does not vary with temperature. Partition coefficients, DMα/L, and exchange coefficients, KDα/L=DMα/L/DNα/L where α is a mineral, L is liquid (melt), and M and N are different elements, are presented for mineral-glass pairs. Partition coefficients for Mg, Fe, and Mn increase with decreasing temperature for garnet, tourmaline, and cordierite. The precipitation of garnet alone results in a progressive increase of MgO/FeO and a decrease of MnO/FeO in the melt. Crystallization of cordierite and tourmaline results in a decrease of MgO/FeO and an increase of MnO/FeO in melt. Tourmaline is most efficient at concentrating Mn in residual liquids. The trend toward increasing Mn/Fe in natural garnets in granites and pegmatites is not controlled by garnet itself, but instead by the crystallization of other mafic minerals in which Mg and Fe are more compatible than is Mn.

A Rayleigh fractionation model constitutes a test of the partition coefficients reported in this manuscript. The starting composition for the model is that of a liquid (melt inclusions) from an anatectic S-type source. Normative modes of cordierite and biotite are calculated from that composition and are similar to modes of these minerals in natural occurrences. The model consists of crystallization of a cordierite-biotite granite from 850 to 650 °C. The model predicts that ~95% crystallization of the starting composition is required to reach saturation in spessartine-rich garnet at near-solidus temperatures. The model, therefore, is consistent with the occurrence of spessartine as restricted to highly fractionated granite-pegmatite systems at the end stages of magmatism.
A TEST OF ANALYTICAL THINKING AND CHEMICAL REPRESENTATION ABILITY ON 'RATE OF REACTION' TOPIC
Authors: Wiyarsi Antuni , Fachriyah Atina Rizanatul , Supriadi Didi , Damanhuri Muhd Ibrahim Bin Muhamad
Published: August 2019

Assessments play an important role in chemistry learning and for specific uses. The construction of a test based on multiple representation approaches is needed for measuring the 21st century thinking skills. This study aims to construct and validate a standardized test to measure students’ analytical thinking and chemical representation ability in rate of reaction topic. The test captures four aspects on analytical thinking and four levels of multiple representations (macroscopic, sub-microscopic, symbolic and mathematic). A group of experts confirmed the construct and face validity of the Test of Analytical Thinking based on Multiple Representation (TAT-MR) with 32 items. The TAT-MR was then validated by participating 449 high school students. The test characteristics were analyzed usingRasch model with Partial Credit Model-1 Parameter Logistic (PCM-1PL) approach. The results of theRaschmodeling show that there are 22 TAT-MR items with excellent reliability. Hence, the TAT-MR is acceptable as a good instrument to collect the data. This study suggests that TAT-MR will prove to be a useful instrument for measuring the students’ ability on analytical thinking and chemical representation for rate of reaction topic in chemistry learning.
COMPETENCIES FOR FORM SIX GEOGRAPHY TEACHERS IN REACHING THE MALAYSIAN EDUCATION QUALITY STANDARDS
Authors: Hanifah Mahat , Mohmadisa Hashim , Yazid Saleh , Nasir Nayan , Saiyidatina Balkhis Norkhaidi
Published: August 2019

We conducted this study to evaluate the competencies of Form Six geography teachers in achieving the Malaysian Education Quality Standards. We applied a qualitative approach using the observation technique. The respondent observation consisted of three teachers who had more than 10 years of experience teaching Form Six geography and who were working in the areas of Batang Padang district, Perak and Hulu Selangor district, Malaysia. The variables we assessed were practical knowledge, subject-content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, pedagogical technology knowledge, teachers’ teaching of professional behaviours and attitudes, and values modified from the Quality Level Rubric of the Malaysian Education Quality Standards. The observation findings showed that each teacher scored different points, ranging from three to four for the assessed variables. Teachers’ pedagogical technology knowledge needs to be improved as two out of three teachers were still using Teaching Aid Materials such as mahjong paper and marker rather than using computer or other more recent technology due to the lack of infrastructure provided by their schools. In conclusion, Form Six geography teachers in this study have fulfilled the competence of the Malaysian Education Quality Standards by achieving the maximum score.
GUIDED INQUIRY MODEL THROUGH VIRTUAL LABORATORY TO ENHANCE STUDENTS' SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS ON HEAT CONCEPT
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan , Harjono Ahmad , Hermansyah Hermansyah , Herayanti Lovy
Published: August 2019

Science process skills are one of the indicators to know the level of achievement of physics teaching goals. This research examines the influence of guided inquiry models through virtual laboratories on students' science process skills. The research was a quasi-experiment conducted at the senior high school in Mataram, Lombok. The samples were class XI students, as many as 58 people divided into two sample groups: experimental and control groups. The guided inquiry model through the virtual laboratory was applied to the experimental group and the conventional model for the control group. The instrument used was a performance sheet. A t-test was used to analyze the effect of learning model on science process skill. The results of this study found that the achievement of science process skills for the experimental group was higher than the control group. The guided inquiry models through virtual laboratory have a significant effect on science process skills, especially on skills: hypothesizing, practicing, and communicating. These findings contribute significantly to the current knowledge about the effectiveness of guided inquiry models through virtual laboratories to improve students' science process skills in physics teaching.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TRADITIONAL CHILDREN GAME BASED INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL TO OPTIMIZE KINDERGARTENERS’ FUNDAMENTAL MOTOR SKILL
Authors: Suherman Wawan Sundawan , Dapan Dapan , Guntur Guntur , Muktiani Nur Rohmah
Published: August 2019

Traditional children game is proposed as a suitable physical activity for instructional mean in kindergarten. The research intends to develop traditional children game based instructional model to optimize development of fundamental motor skills of kindergarteners. This research and development used an approach from Borg & Gall. The research involved kindergartens in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected by interview, observation, and documentation, and then were analyzed in three steps: organization and reduction, displaying, and summarization and verification. The study phase follows activities: identification of theoretical basis and determination of instructional model design, identification and analysis of traditional children game, and validation of instructional model. After being validated by material experts and teaching experts, the traditional children game based instructional model for optimizing the development of kindergarteners’ fundamental motor skills consists of: (1) concepts/theoretical basis, (2) activity stages, (3) social systems, (4) principles of reaction, (5) supporting system, and (6) model impact.
Emergencia zoonótica por coronavirus: riesgo potencial para la salud pública en America Latina.
Authors: González Tous Marco , Mattar V. Salim
Published: August 2019

Los coronavirus (CoV) son un grupo de virus de ARN envueltos, monocatenarios (de sentido positivo) que pertenecen al orden Nidovirales, familia Coronaviridae. Se dividen en cuatro grupos principales: alfa, beta, gamma y delta; al parcer solo los alfa y beta  infetan a los humanos. Los primeros coronavirus humanos (HCoV) conocidos, HCoV-229E y HCoV-OC43 son causantes de infecciones respiratorias leves (1).