bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numeryczna analiza dynamiczna wieszaków w łukowym wiadukcie kolejowym. Analiza przypadku
Authors: Bleja Marek , Żółtowski Krzysztof
Published: October 2021

W artykule przedstawiono ana-lizę dynamiczną wiaduktu kolejowego w ciągu Centralnej Magistrali Kolejowej zlokalizowanego koło Huty Zawadzkiej. W analizie zwrócono szczególną uwagę na lokalną odpowiedź wieszaków na obciążenie przejeżdżającym pociągiem oraz wiatrem. Obliczenia przeprowadzono na podstawie wykonanego modelu MES. Zweryfikowano poprawność modelu po-przez porównanie uzyskanych wyników z wartościami pomierzonymi. Przeprowadzono nieliniową analizę dynamiczną badania zachowania wieszaków. Następnie porównano amplitudy drgań wieszaka podczas przejazdu ta-boru oraz w sytuacji wzbudzenia wirami von Kármána. Analizy zostały przeprowadzone przy okazji realizacji pracy magisterskiej
Calculation and Interpretation of Inter-laboratory Variation in Isotope Delta (δ) Values Using Real Interpretative Differences
Authors: Chesson Lesley , Chau Thuan , Edwards Amelia , Berg Gregory
Published: October 2021

Building on applications in anthropology, the use of stable isotope ratio analysis of human bone collagen to investigate an individual’s life history is becoming more commonplace in the forensic science community. Careful consideration of the resultant isotope delta (δ) values, particularly in regard to their accuracy and reliability, is paramount when introducing isotope data into the U.S. court system. In this study, we use a simple framework to calculate real interpretative difference (RID) values for collagen (“col”) and assess isotope data comparability for sample analysis (RIDanalysis) as well as sample preparation/analysis combined (RIDcombined). The RIDcombined values of 0.59‰ for δ13Ccol and 0.91‰ for δ15Ncol are similar to more complex, published calculations of inter-laboratory variability in the stable isotope analysis of skeletal remains, but they are easier to calculate and intuitively elegant. The RIDcombined as well as RIDanalysis values presented here allow users to examine multiple sources of inter-laboratory isotopic variation (preparation, analysis, and both together) in a two-step  process whereby a RID value is constructed and then tested. Implementation of this RID approach will provide surety for the legal and research communities in forensic applications of stable isotope ratio analysis.
Surgical Options for Pulmonary Valve Pathology in the Current Era
Authors: M. Said Sameh
Published: October 2021

Pulmonary valve pathology occurs mostly in the settings of congenital heart disease whether primary or as the result of repair of a variety of congenital heart defects. Acquired pulmonary valve disorders, albeit rare, can occur in the settings of endocarditis, tumors, carcinoid syndrome, or rheumatic fever. Surgical options include repair and replacement of pulmonary valve. Several options for replacement are available, which can be tailored based on the patient’s clinical profile and the primary valve pathology. In this chapter, we present the surgical options that are currently available for pulmonary valve disorders and the current outcomes.
Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Cell Culture and Their Applications
Authors: Ballav Sangeeta , Jaywant Deshmukh Ankita , Siddiqui Shafina , Aich Jyotirmoi , Basu Soumya
Published: October 2021

Cell culture is one of the most important and commonly used in vitro tools to comprehend various aspects of cells or tissues of a living body such as cell biology, tissue morphology, mechanism of diseases, cell signaling, drug action, cancer research and also finds its great importance in preclinical trials of various drugs. There are two major types of cell cultures that are most commonly used- two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional culture (3D). The former has been used since the 1900s, owing to its simplicity and low-cost maintenance as it forms a monolayer, while the latter being the advanced version and currently most worked upon. This chapter intends to provide the true meaning and significance to both cultures. It starts by making a clear distinction between the two and proceeds further to discuss their different applications in vitro. The significance of 2D culture is projected through different assays and therapeutic treatment to understand cell motility and treatment of diseases, whereas 3D culture includes different models and spheroid structures consisting of multiple layers of cells, and puts a light on its use in drug discovery and development. The chapter is concluded with a detailed account of the production of therapeutic proteins by the use of cells.
Concentrator Photovoltaic System (CPV): Maximum Power Point Techniques (MPPT) Design and Performance
Authors: Bel Hadj Brahim Kechiche Olfa , Sammouda Habib
Published: October 2021

The research carried out in this work aimed to study the performance of MPPT techniques applied to the Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) System for the research and the pursuit of the Maximum Power Point (MPP).This study presents a modeling and simulation of the CPV system. It consists of a PV module located in the focal area of a parabolic concentrator, a DC / DC converter (Boost), two MPPT controls (P&O and FL) and a resistive load. This chapter presents the two MPPT techniques (P&O and FL) performances. The obtained results show the importance of cooling systems integration with CPV system. This hybrid system design results in good MPPT P&O and FL performance. The numerical results obtained with Matlab/Simulink® software have generally shown that the two MPPT controls result in better performance in terms of speed, and accuracy, stability. In fact they showed that the CPV system is stable.
Fundamentals of Narrowband Array Signal Processing
Authors: Ahmad Zeeshan
Published: October 2021

Array signal processing is an actively developing research area connected to the progress in optimization theory, and remains the key technological development that attracts prevalent attention in signal processing. This chapter provides an overview of the fundamental concepts and essential terminologies employed in narrowband array signal processing. We first develop a general signal model for narrowband adaptive arrays and discuss the beamforming operation. We next introduce the basic performance parameters of adaptive arrays and the second order statistics of the array data. We then formulate various optimal weigh vector solution criteria. Finally, we discuss various types of adaptive filtering algorithms. Besides, this chapter emphasizes the theory of narrowband array signal processing employed in narrowband beamforming and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms.
Genetic Diversity in Almond (Prunus dulcis)
Authors: Sana Sadia , Akhter Naheed , Amjum Fozia , Gul Khan Samreen , Akram Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Almond (Prunus dulcis), a stone fruit belonging to a family Rosaceae (rose) is broadly cultivated for ornament and fruit. Within this genus, the almond is very much associated with the peach, and these two fruits share the same subgenus the Amygdalus. About 430 species are spread all through the northern temperate regions of the world. The Mediterranean climate region of the Middle East like Turkey and Pakistan eastward to Syria is native to the almond and its related species. Almond is one of the ancient fruit trees known to the Asian as well as European regions with the most primitive proof of cultivation dating about 2000 B.C. Prunus dulcis (Almond) is a nutrient-loaded nut crop. Almond possesses a great genetic diversity due to the genetically controlled self-incompatibility system which can be estimated by a morphological characteristic including molecular markers and isoenzymes with a wide range of marker techniques. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) involving RFLP or SNP are the most commonly used molecular techniques among the DNA-based molecular symbols. Particular agronomic characters, e.g. kernel bitterness or self-compatibility can also be traced by these molecular markers. The direct association between the level of diversity and the basis of the germplasm cannot be understood by the studies of genetic diversity. Genetic diversity cannot be seriously lost by self-compatibility in almonds. The breeding, conservation, and cultivation of wild-growing almonds may similarly advantageous after the genetic diversity research studies (especially those applying molecular markers).
Film Gris v. Film Noir
Authors: Lee Sander H. ,   Society for the Philosophic Study of the Contemporary Visual Arts
Published: October 2021

In this essay, I argue that the distinction between film gris and film noir, introduced by Jon Tuska in his 1984 book Dark Cinema, enhances our appreciation of the philosophical attributes of such films. For Tuska, there are important differences between a film gris and a film noir. While a film gris may have a number of noir attributes (a shadowy noir visual style, a gritty urban setting, cynical characters, etc.) a genuine film noir is not merely a police procedural and must not have a happy ending, I will also argue that a film’s narrative perspective plays a vital role in determining whether its status is that of a film noir. I will make these arguments by examining a wide variety of films including The Maltese Falcon (1941), Out of the Past (1947), He Walks by Night (1948), The Narrow Margin (1952), Double Indemnity (1944), Repeat Performance (1947), and The Wrong Man (1956).
Use of Machine Learning–Based Software for the Screening of Thyroid Cytopathology Whole Slide Images
Authors: Dov David , Kovalsky Shahar Z , Feng Qizhang , Assaad Serge , Cohen Jonathan , Bell Jonathan , Henao Ricardo , Carin Lawrence , Range Danielle Elliott
Published: October 2021

Context.—

The use of whole slide images (WSIs) in diagnostic pathology presents special challenges for the cytopathologist. Informative areas on a direct smear from a thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) smear may be spread across a large area comprising blood and dead space. Manually navigating through these areas makes screening and evaluation of FNA smears on a digital platform time-consuming and laborious. We designed a machine learning algorithm that can identify regions of interest (ROIs) on thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy WSIs.

Objective.—

To evaluate the ability of the machine learning algorithm and screening software to identify and screen for a subset of informative ROIs on a thyroid FNA WSI that can be used for final diagnosis.

Design.—

A representative slide from each of 109 consecutive thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies was scanned. A cytopathologist reviewed each WSI and recorded a diagnosis. The machine learning algorithm screened and selected a subset of 100 ROIs from each WSI to present as an image gallery to the same cytopathologist after a washout period of 117 days.

Results.—

Concordance between the diagnoses using WSIs and those using the machine learning algorithm–generated ROI image gallery was evaluated using pairwise weighted κ statistics. Almost perfect concordance was seen between the 2 methods with a κ score of 0.924.

Conclusions.—

Our results show the potential of the screening software as an effective screening tool with the potential to reduce cytopathologist workloads.
Testing the relationships between narcissism, risk attitude, and income with data from a representative German sample
Authors: Leder Johannes , Schneider Sarah , Schütz Astrid
Published: October 2021

Narcissism is related to income and risk-taking behavior, but previous studies have computed only pairwise associations and have used only domain-specific risk-taking measures. We jointly investigated narcissistic admiration and rivalry, income, and general risk attitude. Using a representative sample from the German population (N = 14,473), we contrasted a model assuming that risk attitude and narcissistic admiration and rivalry share variance when predicting income and a model with additive effects of narcissism and risk attitude. We found stronger effects of admiration on risk attitude and income than of rivalry and no evidence that risk attitude and narcissism share variance when predicting income. Contrary to previous studies, we found that an individual's income was independent of their risk attitude. In exploratory analyses (Response Surface Analysis, Level-and-Difference-Approach), we found that the relative strength of admiration compared with rivalry positively predicted risk attitude and income. Taken together, our findings are consistent with the hierarchical model of grandiose narcissism.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Durvalumab Plus Chemotherapy in the First-Line Treatment of Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ding Dong , Hu Huabin , Li Shuosha , Zhu Youwen , Shi Yin , Liao Mengting , Liu Jin , Tian Xu , Liu Aiting , Huang Jin
Published: October 2021

Background: In the CASPIAN trial, durvalumab + chemotherapy demonstrated significant improvements in overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of durvalumab in patients with extensive-stage SCLC from the US healthcare system perspective. Patients and Methods: A comprehensive Markov model was adapted to evaluate cost and effectiveness of durvalumab combination versus platinum/etoposide alone in the first-line therapy of extensive-stage SCLC based on data from the CASPIAN study. The main endpoints included total costs, life years (LYs), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-e-ectiveness ratios (ICERs). Model robustness was assessed with sensitivity analysis, and additional subgroup analyses were also performed. Results: Durvalumab + chemotherapy therapy resulted in an additional 0.27 LYs and 0.20 QALYs, resulting in an ICER of $464,711.90 per QALY versus the chemotherapy treatment. The cost of durvalumab has the greatest inﬂuence on this model. Subgroup analyses showed that the ICER remained higher than $150,000/QALY (the willingness-to-pay threshold in the United States) across all patient subgroups. Conclusions: Durvalumab in combination with platinum/etoposide is not a cost-effective option in the first-line treatment of patients with extensive-stage SCLC.
Activities of Āgenskalns Gymnastics and Sports Society and Its Headquarters at 7 Baldones Street
Authors: Apine Rita
Published: October 2021

Āgenskalns Gymnastics and Sports Society was one of the largest and best-known Baltic-German sports organizations in the first half of the 20th century. Sports enthusiasts of various professions, including engineers, participated in the activities of this society. The house built by the Society in 1910 at 7 Baldones S treet, Riga, which has been rebuilt several times, played an important role in the sports life. The research presents comprehensive documentary evidence about the Society until the repatriation of the Baltic- Germans in 1939 and the history of its headquarters building. Using the documents and press materials from the Latvian State Historical Archive (LSHA) of the National Archives of Latvia (NAL), archive documents of the Riga Construction Board, as well as the collection of the Latvian Sports Museum, previously unknown facts have been revealed.
An Application of the “Traffic Lights” Idea to Crop Control in Integrated Administration Control System
Authors: Hejmanowska Beata , Twardowski Mariusz , Żądło Anna
Published: October 2021

The aim of the paper is to discuss the idea of marking agricultural parcels in the control of direct payments to agriculture. The method of using remote sensing to monitor crops and mark them according to the idea of “traffic lights” is introduced. Classification into a given “traffic lights” color gives clear information about the status of the parcel. The image classification was done on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 datasets by calculating the NDVI and SIGMA time series in the season from autumn 2016 to autumn 2017. Two approaches are presented: semi-automated and automated classifications. Semi-automated classification based on NDVI_index and SIGMA_index. Automated classification was performed on NDVI by Spectral Angle Mapper method and on SIGMA by Artificial Neural Network (Multilayer Perceptron, MLP method). The following overall accuracy was obtained for NDVI_SAM: 70.35%, while for SIGMA_CNN it was: 62.01%. User accuracy (UA) values were adopted for traffic lights analysis, in machine learning: positive predictive value (PPV). The UA/PPV for rapeseed were in NDVI_index method: 88.1% (6,986 plots), NDVI_SAM: 85.0% (199 plots), SIGMA_index: 61.3% (4,165 plots) and in SIGMA_CNN: 88.9% (2,035 plots). In order to present the idea of “traffic lights”, a website was prepared using data from the NDVI_index method, which is a trade-off between the number of plots and UA/PPV accuracy.
Fibrilación auricular de novo en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST. Datos del Registro Buenos Aires I Cristian M. Garmendia, Marcos Viruel, Mirza Rivero, Leandro
Authors: Garmendia Cristian M , Viruel Marcos , Rivero Mirza , Parrilla Leandro , Mascarello Maximiliano , Bonorino José , Torres Nicolás , Ruano Carlos , Arbucci Rosina , Costabel Juan Pablo
Published: October 2021

Introducción: La fibrilación auricular (FA) es la arritmia con mayor incidencia a nivel mundial y tiene una clara asociación con los síndromes coronarios agudos. El propósito de nuestro trabajo es describir la incidencia, los factores predisponentes y el pronóstico de pacientes con FA de novo luego de un síndrome coronario agudo, en una población representativa de nuestro medio. Material y métodos: Se realizó un subanálisis del registro BUENOS AIRES I, el cual incluyó 1110 pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del ST (SCASEST), con un seguimiento a 6 meses. Resultados: Se evidenció una incidencia del 7,7% de FA de novo y se identificaron como factores predictores independientes de su desarrollo la edad (OR 1,04; IC95% 1,02-1,08; p = 0,001), la presentación inicial con infarto agudo de miocardio (OR 2,35; IC95% 1,20-4,57; p = 0,012) y la necesidad de revascularización quirúrgica (OR 6,86; IC95% 3,95-11,89; p <0,001). Los pacientes que desarrollaron FA presentaron mayor mortalidad por todas las causas, mayor mortalidad cardiovascular y eventos de sangrado BARC ≥2. Se identificó a la FA de novo post-SCASEST como un factor predictor independiente de mortalidad cardiovascular (OR 3,67; IC95% 1,25-10,76; p = 0,018) y sangrado a 6 meses BARC ≥2 (OR 3,024; IC95% 1,49-6,11; p = 0,002). Conclusiones: Este subanálisis preespecificado del registro BUENOS AIRES I demostró una incidencia significativa de FA de novo en el contexto de un SCASEST, vinculada a una mayor edad, mayor daño estructural cardíaco agudo y requerimiento de cirugía de revascularización, y con una peor evolución en términos de eventos clínicos adversos en el seguimiento a mediano plazo.
Mortalidad por infarto agudo de miocardio en el registro continuo ARGEN-IAM-ST. Su relación con las diferentes terapias de reperfusión
Authors: Charask Adrián , Gagliardi Juan , Tajer Carlos , Castillo Costa Yanina , D´Imperio Heraldo , Marturano María Pía , Schiavone Leonardo , Frontera Esteban , Zoni Rodrigo , Mauro Víctor
Published: October 2021

Introducción: El tratamiento de reperfusión es la terapéutica de mayor eficacia para reducir la mortalidad del infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST) , y su efectividad es inversamente proporcional al tiempo total de isquemia. El mayor desafío es instrumentar su aplicación en la vida real y corregir en forma continua los desvíos o las barreras que se presentan en la práctica cotidiana. Objetivos: Evaluar la mortalidad con las diferentes modalidades de reperfusión, su relación con el tiempo de tratamiento y su efectividad en un registro prospectivo multicéntrico del mundo real de Argentina. Material y Métodos: estudio prospectivo, multicéntrico de carácter nacional, incluidos los pacientes con IAMCEST hasta las 36 h del comienzo de los síntomas (ARGEN-IAM-ST registro continuo). Resultados: participaron 2464 pacientes de 78 centros entre 2015 y 2019. El 88,5% recibió tratamiento de reperfusión. La mortalidad fue de 8,68%. Los pacientes tratados con reperfusión tuvieron una mortalidad de 7,81% versus 15,38% sin tratamiento (p <0,001). La mortalidad con angioplastia primaria fue 7,51%, con trombolíticos 9,03%, con estrategia farmacoinvasiva 2,99% y con angioplastia de rescate 9,40%, sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre angioplastia primaria y trombolíticos (OR 0,81 IC 95% 0,56-1,18, p = ns). Los pacientes fallecidos fueron de mayor edad, con mayor proporción de mujeres e insuficiencia cardíaca. El tratamiento de reperfusión e ingreso a la institución dentro de 3 horas del comienzo de los síntomas se asoció a menor mortalidad. Los pacientes fallecidos con angioplastia primaria tuvieron mayor tiempo total de isquemia (378 minutos versus 285 minutos, p < 0,001). Conclusiones: La mortalidad por IAMCEST se relacionó con el acceso a la reperfusión y su precocidad. Fue mucho mayor en los pacientes no reperfundidos, y menor cuando la reperfusión se efectuó en forma precoz dentro de las primeras tres horas del comienzo de los síntomas. En los pacientes tratados con angioplastia primaria la mortalidad se incrementó con mayor tiempo total de isquemia. Este registro de la práctica real del tratamiento del IAMCEST refuerza la necesidad de una mejor articulación del sistema de atención para bajar los tiempos y utilizar la estrategia mejor y más oportuna.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ МИКРОФЛОРЫ В ПОЧВАХ СУМГАИТА, АЗЕРБАЙДЖАН, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Багирова Ч.З.
Published: October 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию закономерностей развития бактериальной микрофлоры в почвах Сумгаита (Азербайджан). На десяти мониторинговых площадках в разных функциональных зонах города, характеризующихся различной степенью антропогенного и техногенного воздействия, посезонно были изучены показатели бактериальной микрофлоры. В урбанизированных почвах общая численность микроорганизмов снижается в ряду: фоновая > парковая > придорожная > промышленно-жилая. С повышением содержания в почве углеводородов понижается численность сапротрофных микроорганизмов, в структуре микробиоты повышается численность углеводородокисляющих микроорганизмов. В городских почвах с высоким содержанием углеводородов в структуре микробиоценоза около 10–15 % составляют микроорганизмы, способные разлагать нефтяные углеводороды и участвующие в процессах самоочищения этих почв. Степень загрязнения почв Сумгаита нефтяными углеводородами, особенно в промышленно-жилой и придорожной зонах, во много раз превышает допустимый уровень, что отражается на структуре почвенной микробиоты. Показатели соотношения между численностью сапротрофных и углеводородокисляющих микроорганизмов могут быть положены в основу ранжирования функциональных зон города по степени техногенного загрязнения, использованы в качестве критериев оценки санитарно-гигиенических нормативов для городских почв, в разработке методов биоиндикации. Эти показатели в качестве биоиндикаторов могут быть эффективны для экологического нормирования содержания углеводородов в городских почвах, обеспечивающих устойчивое равновесное функционирование биосистем, в том числе почвенной микробиоты, а также при разработке программ устойчивого развития городов Азербайджана.
ОБ ИНВАЗИИ DAPHNE LAUREOLA (THYMELLACEAE) В РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СООБЩЕСТВА НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЗАПОВЕДНИКОВ ЮЖНОГО БЕРЕГА КРЫМА, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Багрикова Н.А. , Бондаренко З.Д. , Резников О.Н.
Published: October 2021

Приведены сведения о фитоценотическом разнообразии сообществ с участием Daphne laureola в нативном ареале – в Европе, Юго-Западной Азии, Северной Африке и Средиземноморском регионе, – а также данные о распространении и натурализации вида в Евразии, Северной Америке, Австралии, Новой Зеландии. Daphne laureola во многих регионах имеет статус натурализовавшегося и инвазионного вида, так как встречается как в антропогенно нарушенных, так и в природных сообществах. Натурализовавшиеся растения в Горном Крыму отмечаются на высоте от 50 до 650 м н.у.м. в лесных и лесопарковых сообществах, относящихся согласно эколого-флористической классификации Браун-Бланке к трем классам – Quercetea pubescentis, Erico-Pinetea, Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae. На Южном берегу Крыма Daphne laureola является инвазионным видом со статусом 2, так как самовозобновляется не только в лесопарковых насаждениях, которые по составу близки к сообществам порядка Querco-Cedretalia atlanticae, но и в полуприродных и естественных лесных сообществах, относящихся к двум классам растительности. На особо охраняемых природных территориях Южного берега Крыма (в природном заповеднике «Ялтинский горно-лесной» и природном парке «Мыс Мартьян») вид предпочитает смешанные леса, относящиеся к классам Quercetea pubescentis, Erico-Pinetea. Наибольшие по численности и полноте ценопопуляции выявлены в среднем лесном поясе на высоте 300–400 м н.у.м. в крымскососново-грабово-дубовых и дубово-грабово-кизиловых лесах с участием Juniperus deltoides союза Pinion pallasianae, в которых проективное покрытие Daphne laureola достигает 30–50 %. В нижнем лесном поясе до высоты 250 м н.у.м. растения Daphne laureola с обилием до 10–30 % отмечаются в основном по днищам балок, оврагам в составе субсредиземноморских гемиксерофильных пушисто-дубово-грабинниковых сообществ, в том числе с участием Juniperus excelsa, J. deltoides, относящихся к союзу Carpino orientalis-Quercion pubescentis.
Optimization Design of Non-Integer Decimation Filter for Compressing Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar On-board Data
Authors: Kang Tae-Woong , Lee Hyon-Ik , Lee Young-Bok
Published: October 2021

The on-board processor of satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) digitizes the back-scattered echoes and transmits them to the ground. As satellite SAR image of various operating conditions including broadband and high resolution is required, an enormous amount of SAR data is generated. Decimation filter is used for data compression to improve the transmission efficiency of these data. Decimation filter is implemented with the FIR(Finite Impulse Response) filter and here, the decimation ratio and tap length are constrained by resource requirements of FPGA used for implementation. This paper suggests to use a non-integer ratio decimation filter in order to optimize the data transmission efficiency. Also, it proposes a filter design method that remarkably reduces the resource constraints of the FPGA in-use via applying a polyphase filter structure. The required resources for implementing the proposed filter is analysed in this paper.
Explosion Shock Measurement System of the Precursor Warhead for the Tandem Projectile
Authors: Choi Donghyuk , An Jiyeon , Kim Yubeom , Son Joongtak , Lee Ukjun , Park Hyunsoo
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a system that measures the acceleration of the shock caused by the explosion of the precursor warhead for the tandem projectile. The proposed system, which is implemented based on the MIL-STD-810G, Method 517.1, consists of a miniaturized shock measurement device, a cable, accelerometers, and a trigger circuit. The shock measurement device has a size of ￠102 x 171 mm and cable has a length of 3 m. The operational confirmation test is conducted by implementing the measurement system. The Analysis of shock data(accelerometer output data) is carried out using Shock Response Spectrum(SRS), pseudo velocity and plot of acceleration time transient. Through measurement analysis, one can predict the damage of electronics in projectile when precursor warhead is exploded.
Advancement of Bismuth‐Based Materials for Electrocatalytic and Photo(electro)catalytic Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Utomo Wahyu Prasetyo , Leung Michael K. H. , Yin Zongyou , Wu Hao , Ng Yun Hau
Published: October 2021

Ammonia (NH3) plays a vital role in the fertilizer industry, nitrogen‐containing chemical production, and hydrogen storage. The development of electrocatalytic and photo(electro)catalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to synthesize NH3 are desirable, which are more environmentally friendly than the conventional Haber–Bosch process. Due to the strong nonpolar bonding of the NN bond, the discovery of efficient catalysts is essential to overcome the high kinetic barrier. Here, bismuth‐based materials that show proven activities for NRR are highlighted. The fundamental knowledge, including thermodynamics, mechanisms, reaction systems, evaluation aspects of NRR, and product quantification, is introduced. Together with scientific reasoning and exhibited activities, the strategies for improving the performance are discussed in detail. Perspective and outlook, as well as the opportunities to further develop bismuth‐based materials for NH3 synthesis, are provided. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the advancement in this field and serves as a guide for the future design of highly efficient NRR catalysts.
Increasing Charge Transfer at the Liquid−Solid Interface Using Electrodes Modified with Redox Mediators
Authors: Emmett Robert K. , Grady Mikaela , Roberts Mark E.
Published: October 2021

The power density of redox flow batteries (RFBs) utilized on iron‐containing electrolytes is improved by incorporating iron particle redox mediators into the electrodes. Nonpurified carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes containing iron nanoparticles, formed during the synthesis of CNTs using the ferrocene−xylene process, are activated to create “hotspots” for faradaic energy storage that reduces losses associated with kinetical, ohmic, and mass transfer resistances. CNT electrodes are activated through cyclic voltammetry to initiate charge transfer interactions between redox electrolytes and iron nanoparticles in the electrode. RFBs with modified electrodes experience a 140% increase in power density and a 57% increase in energy density in coin‐cell configurations. Economic value and ready availability of iron paired with enhanced performance make iron RFBs a viable option for future RFB research. Herein, the highest peak power density yet reported for an iron‐based RFB at 180 mW cm−2 with iron‐modified electrodes under no electrolyte flow is demonstrated.
Spiro‐sulfone‐based Auxiliary Acceptor in D‐A‐π‐A Dye‐sensitized Solar Cells Application under Indoor/Outdoor Light
Authors: Lin Ying‐Sheng , Li Hsin , Wang Ling Hsuan , Lin Yu Hsuan , Chiu Hsiao Han , Chow Tahsin J. , Chang Yuan Jay
Published: October 2021

Novel D−A‐π‐A type organic sensitizers (YS‐1 & YS‐2) with spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐thioxanthene]‐10′,10′‐dioxide as an auxiliary acceptor were synthesised and effectively fabricated in dye‐sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). The sensitizer structures were modified by introducing an auxiliary acceptor of spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐thioxanthene]‐10′,10′‐dioxide between the donor and the π‐bridge moieties. The bulky auxiliary acceptor can suppress intermolecular aggregation, and the sulfone group can enhance Li+ ions trapping to retard charge recombination. The sensitizer YS‐2 performed power conversion efficiency of 4.21% under AM1.5 solar condition. Both YS‐1 and YS‐2 displayed higher light conversion efficiency than N719 in the wavelength range of 300∼500 nm. Therefore, mixing N719 with YS‐2 in a co‐sensitized test displayed an efficiency of 8.66% under one sun (AM 1.5G). While operated under CWF and TL84 indoor light, the efficiency was boosted to 22.45% and 24.72%, respectively, at 2500 lux illumination. The high co‐sensitization performance of mixing N719 and YS‐2 can be ascribed to the high absorption efficiency of YS‐2 at short‐wavelength, which is a shortcoming of N719 sensitizer. The high performance of N719 and YS‐2 co‐sensitization is mainly due to a better surface coverage on TiO2 surface. The durability test of the device co‐sensitized with N719 and YS‐2 showed a mild decay of PCE from 24.7% to 16.8% (68% maintenance) after 336 h in ambient atmosphere without encapsulation. In a comparison, the device made with bare‐N719 starting with a PCE of 19.49% dropped to 3.87% (20% maintenance) under the same condition.
Enhancing melt strength of polyglycolic acid by reactive extrusion with chain extenders
Authors: Chen Lanlan , Sun Xiaojie , Ren Yueqing , Wang Rong , Sun Miaomiao , Liang Wenbin
Published: October 2021

Biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) has attracted wide interest as environmentally friendly polymer. However, poor melt properties and thermal instability limit its widespread applications, wherever processing technologies such as extrusion, blown film, thermoforming, are required. In order to enhance the melt strength of pure PGA material and enlarge its processing window, two reactive chain extenders (CEs), 4, 4′‐methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate) and styrene‐acrylic multifunctional‐epoxide oligomeric agent were incorporated concurrently into PGA using the twin‐screw extruder. The PGA molecular structures were tailored by introducing CEs. Melt flow rate of the modified PGA gradually decreased with increasing CEs contents, due to chain extension. The shear rheology data showed a remarkable increase in modulus and complex viscosity together with longer relaxation time, which can be an indication of the existence of long chain branches in the molecular structure. Dynamic time sweep tests showed that the melt stability of the modified PGA improved significantly, with a loss of about 2% of the normalized storage modulus after 15 min, while the value of pure PGA was about 17%. Besides, changes of elongational melt properties can also be found, where strain hardening occurred for the modified PGA.
Synergy Effects in Blended Electrodes for Li‐ion Batteries: A Conceptual Clarification
Authors: Heubner Christian , Liebmann Tobias , Lämmel Christoph , Schneider Michael , Michaelis Alexander
Published: October 2021

The use of electrodes with multiple active materials is considered a promising approach to develop advanced Li‐ion batteries. Recent studies even point to synergistic effects in terms of rate performance. However, the origin of synergistic effects is still insufficiently understood to enable targeted material and design development and to optimize batteries accordingly. Using straightforward equivalent circuit modeling combined with electrochemical studies, we reveal that improvements in rate capability are an intrinsic property of blended electrodes. The electrical parallel connection of the components in the composite electrode allows the applied current to be distributed among the components in a way that the voltage losses become minimal. This way, rate‐limiting components can still contribute to the electrode's capacity at high loads, which makes blended electrodes particularly attractive, e. g., for applications that must be able to handle high pulse loads. Based on the results, rational design principle are derived by means of a systematic sensitivity analysis, quantifying the influence of the individual active material properties. These findings greatly contribute to the understanding of the internal dynamics and synergy effects in blended electrodes and support the targeted development of advantageous material combinations and electrode designs for future Li‐ion batteries.
Molecular analysis of sugar transporters and glycolysis pathways in Ettlia sp. under heterotrophy using fructose and glucose
Authors: Kim Minsik , Jeon Seungjib , Kang Nam Kyu , Lee Hyung‐Gwan , Shin Won‐Sub , Koh Hyun Gi , Yun Jin‐Ho , Ahn Chi‐Yong , Oh Hee‐Mock , Chang Yong Keun
Published: October 2021

Fructophilic behavior in microalgae is a rare trait that could benefit biorefineries by enabling substitution of carbon source with fructose, and our previous study identified that Ettlia sp. prefers fructose relative to glucose. In this study, by analyzing the transcription levels of genes related to sugar transport and the glycolysis pathway, the fructose utilization of Ettlia sp. was investigated. In a fructose‐containing medium, the expression levels of fructokinase (EttFRK3) and glucokinase (EttGCK1 and EttGCK2) genes were significantly upregulated in heterotrophic cultivation of Ettlia sp. under fructose supplementation conditions. Further, a sugar transporter (EttSTF11) was significantly upregulated by 3.2‐fold in 1 day, and this increase was analogous to the specific growth rate exhibited by the species. Subsequent cultivation tests with multi‐sugar sources also showed a significant upregulation of EttSTF11 relative to other treatments without fructose. A phylogenetic tree derived from the analysis of different transporters of interest identified that EttSTF11 was adjacent to reference fructose transporters with a high bootstrap value of 71. Given that the transmembrane domains of EttSTF11 were analogous to those of reference fructose transporter genes, EttSTF11 appeared to play a critical role in fructose consumption and metabolism in Ettlia sp.
Winn‐Dixie ruling doesn't change ADA/504 obligation for accessibility of private college websites
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: October 2021

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit held that websites aren't covered under Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act, but the decision doesn't apply to public colleges and universities that are subject to Title II of the ADA and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and private schools are still required to have accessible websites pursuant to Section 504 (Gil v. Winn‐Dixie Stores Inc., 2021 U.S. App. LEXIS 10024; 2021 WL 1289906; F.3d (11th Cir. 2021)).
Did court dismiss student's breach‐of‐contract claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: October 2021

An Iranian doctoral student was enrolled in a Ph.D. program in Chemical and Biological Engineering at Villanova University.
Nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase is related to MELF pattern invasion in endometrioid carcinoma
Authors: Tahara Shinichiro , Nojima Satoshi , Ohshima Kenji , Hori Yumiko , Sato Kazuaki , Kurashige Masako , Matsui Takahiro , Okuzaki Daisuke , Morii Eiichi
Published: October 2021

Grade 1 (G1) endometrioid carcinoma (EC) is relatively a good prognosis. However, in a minority of cases, G1 shows an aggressive histological pattern known as the microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) pattern. We previously reported that EC with high expression levels of S100A4 and serum deprivation‐response protein (SDPR) was related to MELF pattern invasion. However, the molecular features of the invasive front area of the MELF pattern have not been investigated. In this study, we searched for genes preferentially expressed in the invasive front area of EC with the MELF pattern using laser microdissection and RNA sequencing, and showed that nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) is related to MELF pattern invasiveness. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed high NNMT expression in the invasive front area of the MELF pattern. Moreover, NNMT promoted migration, invasion, colony formation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemoresistance using EC cell lines. We speculate that depletion of NNMT promotes histone methylation and leads to tumor suppression because NNMT consumes S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM), which is an essential methylation cofactor. NNMT knockout cells showed enhanced expression of H3K9me2. RNA sequencing using NNMT knockout cell lines suggested that methylation of H3K9 leads to repression of the transcription of various oncogenic genes. Our findings demonstrate the possibility that NNMT inhibitors, which are expected to be used for the treatment of metabolic disorders, would be effective for the treatment of aggressive EC. This is the first report of gene analyses focusing on the morphological changes associated with MELF pattern invasion of EC.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome associated with inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A case‐report
Authors: Santoro Carlo , Guerra Tommaso , D’Errico Eustachio , Fraddosio Angela , Lapenna Francesca , Introna Alessandro , Trojano Maria
Published: October 2021

In a system already preconditioned by previous damage, as results of the cytokine release syndrome complicating the COVID‐19 disease, a small trigger may be sufficient to develop a SIADH complicating a GBS, even without a poor outcome.
Pediatric sweet syndrome
Authors: Zhou Albert E. , Weddington Charles Maxwell , Ge Shealinna , Hoegler Karl M. , Driscoll Marcia S.
Published: October 2021

Pediatric Sweet syndrome is a rare dermatosis often triggered by a prodromal illness or infection and characterized histologically by a dense neutrophilic infiltrate. We report a 2‐year‐old girl with a classic presentation of Sweet syndrome following an acute thumb paronychia, who had a negative history of malignancy or immunodeficiency.
Case report of a spontaneous pneumothorax after the recovery from COVID‐19 pneumonia: A delayed complication
Authors: Shah Sangam , Pokhrel Apil , Chamlagain Rajan , Adhikari Yagya Raj , Kandel Bipin , Dhital Roman , Sharma Paudel Basanta , Yadav Sutap
Published: October 2021

This case demonstrates pneumothorax as a consequence of COVID‐19 and emphasizes the significance of follow‐up of the COVID‐19 patients.
Pt Decorated Ni−Ni(OH)2 Nanotube Arrays for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Dandan , Liu Fengyu , Dou Jianmin , Zhao Qiang
Published: October 2021

Pt@Ni−Ni(OH)2 nanotube arrays (Pt@Ni−Ni(OH)2 NTAs) heterostructure is designed for a high‐efficiency alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by confining Pt nanoparticles in Ni(OH)2 nanotube arrays containing metallic Ni (Ni−Ni(OH)2 NTAs). Notably, the recombination of metallic Ni on the surface of Ni(OH)2 NTAs can optimize the surface electronic structure to induce the loading of the active ingredient Pt, and the interaction between the interfaces can adjust the d‐band center of Pt to promote HER. In the heterostructure, Ni(OH)2 can make up for the disadvantage of Pt splitting the HO−H bond in alkaline HER and promote the dissociation of water. As a result, the Pt@Ni−Ni(OH)2 NTAs heterostructure catalyst achieves a lower overpotential of 27 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and durability. The use of metal composites on the oxygen‐philic surface can effectively induce the loading of Pt nanoparticles, providing a new idea for the preparation of high‐efficiency hydrogen evolution catalysts.
Modeling and Simulation of a Batch Reactive Distillation Process with Column Heating
Authors: Patan Ameer Khan , Thamida Sunil Kumar
Published: October 2021

A solid catalyzed esterification reaction in a batch reactive distillation (BRD) apparatus was carried out to evaluate the start‐up dynamics and steady‐state characteristics. As a novelty, the column was provided with a heating jacket. A wall heating of 50 °C of the column gave the highest purity of distillate for this system of producing methyl acetate from a catalytic reaction between acetic acid and methanol. Experiments were performed with constant heat supply rate to the reboiler. Temperature and concentration dynamics as well as purity of the top distillate were recorded. A modeling approach was developed to validate the experimental results. A simulation code for energy and material balance under reaction and distillation conditions was developed and the experimental distillate composition of the top product was validated with simulation results for various heat input rates.
One‐Dimensional Spinel Transition Bimetallic Oxide Composite Carbon Nanofibers (CoFe2O4@CNFs) for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Qian , Wang Zhuang , Liu Jie , Lu Zhe , Xuan Dipan , Luo Fenqiang , Li Shuirong , Ye Yueyuan , Wang Duo , Wang Dechao , Zheng Zhifeng
Published: October 2021

CoFe2O4 composite carbon nanofibers (CoFe2O4@CNFs) are prepared by electrospinning combined with pre‐oxidation, carbonization, and extra annealing under air conditions. The effect of different extra annealing times on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of the resulting CoFe2O4@CNFs are investigated. CoFe2O4@CNFs (named as CFO/C‐800‐2) with a spinel structure are successfully prepared after 2 h of extra annealing for CFO/C‐800‐0. CFO/C‐800‐2 shows a mesoporous structure with a mesoporous area of 358 m2 g−1. CFO/C‐800‐2 shows pseudocapacitance characteristics with a specific capacity of 591.8 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The capacitance retention rate of the asymmetric supercapacitor assembled by CFO/C‐800‐2 with activated carbon (AC) can reach 87 % in the 0–1.7 V voltage window, and the energy density is 21.4 Wh Kg−1 at a power density of 850 W Kg−1 after 7000 cycles.
Construction of a Non‐Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensor Based on Metal‐Organic‐Framework‐Derived Manganese Oxide Microspheres for the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Luo Caixiu , Wu Jinsheng , He Nan , Yu Rong , Liu Xiuhui
Published: October 2021

It is significant to construct a non‐enzymatic electrochemical sensor for accurately detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) due to the relation between the concentration of H2O2 and the health of organisms. In this work, metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived manganese oxide (MnOx) microsphere were synthesized through the coordination of H3BTC and Mn2+ to form the precursor, followed by calcination. The morphologies and microstructures were characterized by using SEM, TEM, XRD and FT‐IR. Furthermore, the electrochemical activity of the MnOx microsphere was studied for applications as a hydrogen peroxide sensor. The sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, which showed that the material especially good electrical conductivity and catalytic performance. It also obtained a linear detection range of 6.96×10−4–742 μM (S/N=3) with a limit of detection of 2.32×10−4 μM for the detection of H2O2. The sensor described here had a strong anti‐interference ability with respect to several substances. In addition, it was applied to the H2O2 determination in human serum and milk samples with acceptable recovery, demonstrating its potential application in the conventional analysis of H2O2.
Fe‐N Doped Peanut Shell Activated Carbon as a Superior Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Cathode Catalyst for Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Feng Yunxiao , Tian Gang , Peng Qinlong , Wu Yibo , Li Yanling , Luo Xiaoqiang , Han Yongjun , Li Qingbin
Published: October 2021

Exploring sustainable, low‐cost and high‐performance non‐noble metal (NNM) electrocatalysts as alternatives to Pt‐based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for the large‐scale application of metal‐air batteries and fuel cell technology. A new method for preparing ORR catalysts is to use biomass activated carbon supported transition metal. Biomass activated carbon has a highly porous structure which is beneficial to charge and energy transport. In this article, peanut shell activated carbon (PSAC) was prepared as a carrier and iron phthalocyanine (FePc) was the active component of the catalyst. Different mass ratios of the FePc and PSAC were selected for physical doping and then treated at a high temperature. The obtained catalyst FePc/PSAC‐3/1 showed excellent ORR catalytic performance, the onset potential and the half‐wave potential are 0.94 V and 0.85 V respectively, highly comparable to that of commercial Pt/C (20 wt% Pt) catalyst. FePc/PSAC‐3/1 has good stability and better tolerance to the methanol crossover effect than the Pt/C catalyst in alkaline electrolytes. The product was further used as an air cathode to construct the Zn‐air battery at the same time. The excellent recharge‐ability was further evaluated by a 43 h long‐term cycling test without noticeable deterioration for the voltage gap. This work demonstrates the great promise of developing new families of NNM ORR catalysts by the economical and sustainable process.