bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Tomography Analysis of the Inner Structure of Pebbles and Pebble Beds
Authors: Pieritz Romeu A. , Reimann Jörg , Ferrero Claudio
Published: November 2010

An analytical tool to monitor the arrangement of pebbles in a pebble bed as well as the morphology of gas bubbles in as fabricated and neutron irradiated beryllium pebbles is presented. The context of this study is the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HPCB) blanket design for the forthcoming generation of fusion reactors. The thermal‐mechanical behavior of pebble beds is a basic issue for the HPCB. It depends strongly on the configuration of the pebbles in the bed, and in particular on the number of contacts between pebbles, and between pebbles and the blanket walls. The related contact surfaces play also a major role. The knowledge on the inner structure of the pebbles is required since during the life cycle of a power reactor helium and tritium bubbles are produced inside the beryllium pebbles and the tritium build‐up can be in excess of several kilograms, being thereby a key safety issue. All the non‐destructive analyses are based on 3D computer aided microtomography using a very powerful synchrotron radiation x‐ray source with high spatial resolution. The data analysis relies on a topological operator called filtered medial line applied to the entire data volumes and the related graph representation. By this technique the number of contacts between the pebbles in pebble packs and their angular distribution are obtained, as well as the corresponding contact surfaces. The evaluation of bubble sizes and densities in single pebbles, the assessment of the pore channel network topology, the 3D reconstruction of the fraction of interconnected bubble porosity, and the open‐to‐closed‐porosity ratio are among the most interesting findings.
Histopathological inflammation and symptom outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil
Published: November 2010

Background

To determine if histopathology of the sinus mucosa predicts symptomatic outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Methods

The histopathology of the sinus mucosa and preoperative and postoperative symptom scores from the Rhinosinusitis Symptom Inventory (RSI) for adults undergoing ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) without polyposis were reviewed. Linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between tissue pathology inflammatory severity score and the postoperative RSI symptom scores, adjusting for baseline RSI scores, Lund score, postoperative topical steroid, antihistamine, and antibiotic use.

Results

A total of 112 patients were enrolled (average age, 41.2 years; 68.8% female) with a follow‐up of 19.1 ± 8.7 months (mean ± standard deviation [SD]). Mean preoperative and postoperative RSI domain scores for nasal symptoms and total symptoms were (52.4, 21.4) and (41.2, 17.7), respectively (p < 0.001). Topical steroid utilization increased from 15.3 to 20.7 weeks (p = 0.086) whereas antihistamine use and antibiotic use decreased by 1.4 and 1.6 weeks, respectively (p = 0.594 and 0.092). Pathology severity score did not significantly predict postoperative symptom scores on any of the RSI symptom domains nor the total symptom score (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Although pathologic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is inherent to CRS, increasing pathology severity at ESS does not predict poorer symptomatic outcomes after ESS. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Bevacizumab does not increase the risk of remote relapse in malignant glioma
Authors: Wick Antje , Dörner Nils , Schäfer Navina , Hofer Silvia , Heiland Sabine , Schemmer Daniela , Platten Michael , Weller Michael , Bendszus Martin , Wick Wolfgang
Published: November 2010

Preclinical evidence and uncontrolled clinical studies suggest an increased risk for distant spread and development of a gliomatosislike phenotype at recurrence or progression of malignant glioma patients treated with bevacizumab (BEV), an antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here we asked whether BEV treatment of recurrent malignant glioma increases the risk of distant or diffuse tumor spread at further recurrence. BEV‐treated patients were compared with matched pairs of patients treated without anti‐VEGF regimens. T1 contrast‐enhanced (T1+c) and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images were analyzed using a novel automated tool of image analysis. At the start of the study, 20.5% of BEV‐treated and 22.7% of non–BEV‐treated patients had displayed distant or diffuse recurrence. Distant or diffuse recurrences were observed in 22% (BEV) and 18% (non‐BEV) on T1+c and in 25% and 18% on FLAIR (p > 0.05). The correlation between changes on T1+c and FLAIR at progression was high. The risk of distant or diffuse recurrence at the time of failure of BEV‐containing treatments was not higher than with anti‐VEGF–free regimens, arguing against a specific property of BEV that promotes distant tumor growth or a gliomatosislike phenotype at recurrence. Ann Neurol 2010;69:586–592
TMEM43 mutations in emery‐dreifuss muscular dystrophy‐related myopathy
Authors: Liang Wen‐Chen , Mitsuhashi Hiroaki , Keduka Etsuko , Nonaka Ikuya , Noguchi Satoru , Nishino Ichizo , Hayashi Yukiko K.
Published: November 2010

Objective:

Emery‐Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a genetically heterogeneous muscular disease that presents with muscular dystrophy, joint contractures, and cardiomyopathy with conduction defects. Mutations in several nuclear envelope protein genes have been associated with EDMD in less than half of patients, implying the existence of other causative and modifier genes. We therefore analyzed TMEM43, which encodes LUMA, a newly identified nuclear membrane protein and also a binding partner of emerin and lamins, to investigate whether LUMA may contribute to the pathomechanism of EDMD‐related myopathy.

Methods:

Forty‐one patients with EDMD‐related myopathy were enrolled. In vitro and in vivo transfection analyses were performed to assay the binding partners and oligomerization of mutant LUMA.

Results:

We identified heterozygous missense mutations, p.Glu85Lys and p.Ile91Val in TMEM43, in 2 EDMD‐related myopathy patients. Reduced nuclear staining of LUMA was observed in the muscle from the patient with p.Glu85Lys mutation. By in vitro transfection analysis, p.Glu85Lys mutant LUMA resulted to failure in oligomerization, a process that may be important for protein complex formation on nuclear membrane. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that LUMA can interact with another nuclear membrane protein, SUN2, in addition to emerin. Cells expressing mutant LUMA revealed reduced nuclear staining with or without aggregates of emerin and SUN2 together with a higher proportion of abnormally shaped nuclei. In vivo expression of mutant LUMA by electroporation in mouse tibialis anterior muscles likewise demonstrated the decreased staining of emerin and SUN2 on myonuclei.

Interpretation:

Our results suggest that mutant LUMAs may be associated with EDMD‐related myopathy. ANN NEUROL 2011
Anatomical Sciences Education Vol.3, Issue 6, 2010 Cover Image
Authors: McCulloch Carrie , Marango Stephanie Pieczenik , Friedman Erica S. , Laitman Jeffrey T.
Published: November 2010

Living AnatoME instructors leading a session for students. The Living AnatoME program developed at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, in conjunction with the Gross Anatomy course helps medical students learn musculoskeletal anatomy and cultivates physical awareness through Pilates and yoga. In this picture, instructors demonstrate the Yoga Warrior II pose with relevant musculoskeletal anatomy of the upper limb. The Living AnatoME program is an integral part of the first‐year Gross Anatomy curriculum at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine; a description of this educational program is found in the article by Dr. McCulloch and her colleagues in the current issue of ASE.
Zur Dynamotheorie stellarer und planetarer Magnetfelder I. Berechnung sonnenähnlicher Wechselfeldgeneratoren
Authors: Steenbeck M. , Krause F.
Published: November 2010

Nichtspiegelsymmetrische turbulente Bewegungen in einem elektrisch leitenden fluiden Medium rufen im Mittel eine elektromotorische Kraft (EMK) αmagnified imageparallel zum mittleren Magnetfeldmagnified imagehervor. Dieser Effekt – im folgenden α‐Effekt genannt – kann zum selbsterregten Aufbau von Magnetfeldern aus schwachen Anfangsfeldern führen. Da eine Turbulenz in rotierenden Systemen auf Grund der Wirkung von Corioliskräften im allgemeinen nichtspiegelsymmetrisch ist, wird eine Erklärung der Herkunft stellarer und planetarer Magnetfelder möglich. –

In dem ersten Teil dieser Arbeit werden sphärische Wechselfeldgeneratoren unter Bedingungen, die denen der Sonne ähnlich sind, berechnet. Der selbsterregte Aufbau wird durch den a‐Effekt und eine nichtstarre Rotation bewirkt. –

Durch Separation des grundlegenden Systems von partiellen Differentialgleichungen werden wir auf ein zweiparametriges Eigenwertproblem für ein unendliches System gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen geführt; die beiden Eigenwerte kennzeichnen die Frequenz des Wechselfeldes und die Größe der Induktionswirkungen, die zu einer Aufrechterhaltung notwendig sind. Die numerische Lösung des Eigenwertproblemes wurde auf einem elektronischen Rechenautomaten durchgeführt. –

Die erzielten Ergebnisse beweisen die Möglichkeit von magnetohydrodynamischen Wechselfeldgeneratoren. Ferner zeigen die Größe der berechneten Eigenwerte und die Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den berechneten Feldern und dem beobachteten allgemeinen Magnetfeld der Sonne, daß diese einen solchen Wechselfelddynamo realisiert.
Reanalysis of the light curve of ES lib
Authors: Giuricin G. , Mardirossian F. , Ferluga S.
Published: November 2010

Using Wood's (1972) model we have reanalyzed Bartolini et al.'s (1973) photoelectric light curve – as yet only crudely studied – of the single‐lined eclipsing binary ES Lib. Our photometric elements considerably differ from the previous ones. For a plausible value of the mass ratio (q = 0.4) the hotter (A2–3) component fills its Roche lobe, whereas the (K‐type) secondary is detached. Nevertheless, in view of the large sum of the fractional radii of the two components, ES Lib can be related to the contact systems, for which broken‐contact phases may occur.
Evidence-based review of enhancing postoperative recovery after breast surgery
Authors: Arsalani-Zadeh R , ELFadl D , Yassin N , MacFie J
Published: November 2010

Background

The introduction of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols has revolutionized preoperative and postoperative care. To date, however, the principles of enhanced recovery have not been applied specifically to patients undergoing breast surgery.

Methods

Based on the core features of ERAS, individual aspects of postoperative care in breast surgery were defined. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library database was performed from 1980 to 2010 to determine the best evidence for perioperative care in oncological breast surgery. A graded recommendation based on the best level of evidence was then proposed for each feature of ERAS.

Results

Twelve core features of enhanced recovery after breast surgery were identified. Use of the thoracic block, from both analgesic and anaesthetic viewpoints, is well supported by evidence and should be encouraged. Trials specific to breast surgery regarding aspects such as perioperative fasting, preanaesthetic medication, prevention of hypothermia and postdischarge support are scarce, and evidence was extrapolated from non-breast trials. Trials on postoperative analgesia and prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in breast surgery are generally of small numbers. In addition, there is heterogeneity between studies.

Conclusion

This review suggests that the principles of enhanced recovery can be adopted in breast surgery. A 12-point protocol is proposed for prospective evaluation.
Star‐Shaped Tripodal Chemosensors for the Detection of Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Körsten Susanne , Mohr Gerhard J.
Published: November 2010

In this work, three new tripodal triphenylamine dyes are presented that are capable of reversibly binding amines and diamines to form hemiaminals through a covalent bond. The dyes were synthesized by the Heck reaction and possess stilbene units with one, two, or three trifluoroacetyl groups as receptor moieties. Their interaction with amines and diamines led to changes in their absorption and emission properties, which were detected by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The influence of the number of trifluoroacetyl receptor moieties on the selectivity and sensitivity of the dyes was studied. Enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for diaminoalkanes was found for the dye we have labeled Tripod‐1, with three chemically reactive trifluoroacetyl groups, related to only one or two trifluoroacetyl groups in the dye molecule.
Structure and Reactivity of the Cysteine Methyl Ester Radical Cation
Authors: Osburn Sandra , Steill Jeffrey D. , Oomens Jos , O'Hair Richard A. J. , van Stipdonk Michael , Ryzhov Victor
Published: November 2010

The structure and reactivity of the cysteine methyl ester radical cation, CysOMe.+, have been examined in the gas phase using a combination of experiment and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. CysOMe.+undergoes rapid ion–molecule reactions with dimethyl disulfide, allyl bromide, and allyl iodide, but is unreactive towards allyl chloride. These reactions proceed by radical atom or group transfer and are consistent with CysOMe.+possessing structure1, in which the radical site is located on the sulfur atom and the amino group is protonated. This contrasts with DFT calculations that predict a captodative structure2, in which the radical site is positioned on the α carbon and the carbonyl group is protonated, and that is more stable than1by 13.0 kJ mol−1. To resolve this apparent discrepancy the gas‐phase IR spectrum of CysOMe.+was experimentally determined and compared with the theoretically predicted IR spectra of a range of isomers. An excellent match was obtained for1. DFT calculations highlight that although1is thermodynamically less stable than2, it is kinetically stable with respect to rearrangement.
A quantitative description of active force generation in gastrointestinal smooth muscle
Authors: Gajendiran Viveka , Buist Martin L.
Published: November 2010

A mathematical model to describe the relationship between the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and active force production in a gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle cell (SMC) has been developed. Here the model has been constructed in terms of two modules, the first describing the activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) through its interactions with calmodulin and Ca2+ ions, and the second consisting of a four state scheme describing myosin phosphorylation and cross‐bridge formation between actin and myosin. A prescribed Ca2+ transient, representing the dynamic changes in intracellular free Ca2+ that accompanies GI SMC excitation, was used as the input signal. Simulations demonstrated that at physiological Ca2+ levels, a 33% increase in peak Ca2+ concentration resulted in a 93% increase in myosin phosphorylation. This can possibly be attributed to the steep relationship between Ca2+ and MLCK activation over the normal Ca2+ range. The total number of cross‐bridges (sum of cycling cross‐bridges and latch‐bridges) was used to predict the active force generated in response to a phasic Ca2+ signal. The predicted forces were in qualitative agreement with experimental data from a canine antral smooth muscle strip. The development of this model represents a first step towards a greater understanding of the mechanisms that underlie GI motility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TNFR1 delivers pro‐survival signals that are required for limiting TNFR2‐dependent activation‐induced cell death (AICD) in CD8+ T cells
Authors: Twu Yuh‐Ching , Gold Michael R. , Teh Hung‐Sia
Published: November 2010

Members of the TNF and TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily play important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis of the immune system. Furthermore, several members of the TNFR family participate in T‐cell activation and sustaining T‐cell responses. We have shown that TNFR2 regulates T‐cell activation by lowering the activation threshold and providing costimulatory signaling. Furthermore, activated TNFR2−/− CD8+ T cells are highly resistant to activation‐induced cell death (AICD). Here, we showed that using anti‐TNFR2 antibodies to block TNFR2 on activated WT CD8+ T cells rendered them resistant to AICD. This resistance of activated TNFR2−/− CD8+ T cells to AICD correlated with the accumulation of TNF receptor‐associated factor 2 (TRAF2). Overexpression of TRAF2 by retroviral transfection and knockdown of TRAF2 by small interfering RNA also support this conclusion. Furthermore, neutralizing TNF‐α reduced TRAF2 accumulation in activated TNFR2−/− CD8+ T cells and increased their susceptibility to AICD. AICD‐resistant TNFR2−/− CD8+ T cells expressed elevated levels of phosphorylated IκBα and higher DNA‐binding activity of the p65 NK‐κB subunit and neutralization of TNF‐α blocked this increase. Therefore, in activated TNFR2−/− CD8+ T cells, TNFR1 functions as a survival receptor by utilizing high intracellular levels of TRAF2 to promote IκBα phosphorylation and NF‐κB activation.
Novel splice variants of human IKKε negatively regulate IKKε‐induced IRF3 and NF‐kB activation
Authors: Koop Anja , Lepenies Inga , Braum Oliver , Davarnia Parvin , Scherer Gudrun , Fickenscher Helmut , Kabelitz Dieter , Adam‐Klages Sabine
Published: November 2010

The inhibitor of κB kinase ε (IKKε) is pivotal for an efficient innate immune response to viral infections and has been recognized as breast cancer oncogene. The antiviral function of IKKε involves activation of the transcription factors IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF‐κB, thus inducing the expression of type I IFN. Here, we have identified two novel splice variants of human IKKε, designated IKKε‐sv1 and IKKε‐sv2, respectively. Interestingly, RT‐PCR revealed quantitatively different isoform expression in PBMC from different individuals. Moreover, we found cell type‐ and stimulus‐specific protein expression of the various splice variants. Overexpression of full‐length wt IKKε (IKKε‐wt) leads to the activation of NF‐κB‐ as well as IRF3‐driven luciferase reporter genes. Although none of the splice variants activates IRF3, IKKε‐sv1 still activates NF‐κB, whereas IKKε‐sv2 is also defective in NF‐κB activation. Both splice variants form dimers with IKKε‐wt and inhibit IKKε‐wt‐induced IRF3 signaling including the antiviral activity in a dominant‐negative manner. The lack of IRF3 activation is likely caused by the failure of the splice variants to interact with the adapter proteins TANK, NAP1, and/or SINTBAD. Taken together, our data suggest alternative splicing as a novel regulatory mechanism suitable to shift the balance between different functions of IKKε.
Asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation of 2,3‐ and 2,3,4‐Substituted Cyclobutanones Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoric Acids with Aqueous H2O2 as the Oxidant
Authors: Xu Senmiao , Wang Zheng , Zhang Xumu , Ding Kuiling
Published: November 2010

Catalytic asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger (B–V) oxidation of 2,3,4‐trisubstituted cyclobutanone (4) has been realized by the catalysis of a 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL)‐derived chiral phosphoric acid (1j), which contains bulky 2,4,6‐triisopropyl phenyl groups at the 3,3′‐positions of the BINOL backbone, using 30 % aqueous H2O2 as the oxidant, affording the corresponding γ‐lactone (5) in 99 % yield with 95 % ee. In a divergent kinetic resolution of racemic 2,3‐disubstituted bicyclic cyclobutanones (6) through asymmetric B–V oxidation, the chiral phosphoric acid 1p demonstrated excellent catalytic performance, giving a range of regioisomeric chiral lactones in a normal lactone (nl)/abnormal lactone (al) ratio of up to 2.1:1, with up to 99 % ee in the al product. It was found that fine tuning of the stereoelectronic properties of the backbone in chiral phosphoric acids is critically important for attaining high levels of enantioselectivity in the catalysis of B–V reactions of different type of cyclobutanones. The present work has provided a convenient approach to the synthesis of a variety of optically active chiral γ‐lactones.
Spatio‐temporal disease mapping using INLA
Authors: Schrödle Birgit , Held Leonhard
Published: November 2010

Spatio‐temporal disease mapping models are a popular tool to describe the pattern of disease counts. They are usually formulated in a hierarchical Bayesian framework with latent Gaussian model. So far, computationally expensive Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms have been used for parameter estimation which might induce a large Monte Carlo error. An alternative method using integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) has recently been proposed. A major advantage of INLA is that it returns accurate parameter estimates in short computational time. Additionally, the deviance information criterion is provided for Bayesian model choice. This paper describes how several parametric and nonparametric models and extensions thereof can be fitted to space–time count data using INLA. Particular emphasis is given to the appropriate choice of linear constraints to ensure identifiability of the parameter estimates. The models are applied to counts of Salmonellosis in cattle reported to the Swiss Federal Veterinary Office 1991–2008. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some block designs with nested rows and columns for research on pesticide dose limitation
Authors: Kozłowska Maria , Łacka Agnieszka , Krawczyk Roman , Kozłowski Radosław J.
Published: November 2010

In 1979, Singh and Dey defined a block design with nested rows and columns (NRC for short). In this paper we take the view, common among statisticians, that the principles for the planning of factorial experiments and near‐factorial experiments in NRC designs are not the same. A group divisible NRC design for a factorial experiment is considered. Some constructions of the designs are given. Necessary and sufficient conditions are formulated and proven for a group‐divisible NRC design to be a C‐design. For near‐factorial experiments, when there are a levels of experimental factor A and b levels of experimental factor B and one control treatment is added, we propose a method for constructing NRC designs. A plant protection experiment on limitation of pesticide dose is described in order to show how the results can be applied. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular structure and theoretical studies of new stable phosphorus ylides derived from trialkyl phosphites
Authors: Rostamizadeh Mohsen , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa , Hazeri Nourallah , Sajadikhah Seyed Sajad , Charati Faramarz Rostami , Kazemian Mohammad Amin , Skelton Brian W. , Makha Mohamed
Published: November 2010

The reaction between dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and NH heterocyclic compounds in the presence of trialkyl phosphite leads to stable phosphorus ylide derivatives in good yields. The x‐ray crystallographic data and theoretical study show that there is a resonance between two bonds of C9P1 and C91O91 in phosphorous ylide 4c. This compound crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group ($P\bar{1}$), with the following unit cell parameters: a = 8.7522(3)Å, b = 8.8513(5)Å, c = 18.3469(5)Å, α = 99.1220(10)°, β = 90.954(2)°, γ = 118.792(2)°, Z = 2, and V = 1222.72(9)Å3. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:36–43, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20653
Haptic perceptions in the vehicle seat
Authors: Ji Yong Gu , Lee Kwangil , Hwang Wonil
Published: November 2010

The perceptual overloads of visually and auditorily based information and their interference phenomena within vehicles led to research for the applicability of haptically based information and the haptic interfaces to intelligent vehicles. Because seats are the interface that touches the largest area of the driver's body, the driver's seat in vehicles has been the focus of a promising haptic interface that can improve the safety of drivers and the effectiveness and efficiency of the information transfer between vehicles and drivers. This study aims to provide practical guidelines as a building block for designing the haptic (or vibrotactile) interface in a vehicle's driver's seat by investigating, through four experiments, 1) proper intensity of vibration, 2) minimum distance of spatially distinguishable vibrations, 3) proper position and direction of vibration, and 4) proper rhythm of vibration. Twenty participants took part in the experiments, which were conducted in driving simulation environments. These environments consisted of a real car seat, commercial vibration actuators (i.e., the eccentric motors), and a monitor that showed scenes of the road while driving. This study recommended the proper intensity (approximately 26 to 34 Hz and 2.0 to 3.4 G), position (seat pan or back support), direction (horizontal or indirect), intervibration distance (8 to 9 cm), and rhythm of vibration (3‐s duration with 0.5‐s interval), and showed how the characteristics of drivers, such as gender and age, had effects on setting the design variables of the haptic interface in the vehicle seat. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biocompatible gellan gum‐reduced gold nanoparticles: cellular uptake and subacute oral toxicity studies
Authors: Dhar Sheetal , Mali Vishal , Bodhankar Subhash , Shiras Anjali , Prasad B. L. V. , Pokharkar Varsha
Published: November 2010

Currently gold nanoparticles are being explored for drug delivery and other biomedical applications; therefore it is necessary to study the fate of such nanoparticles inside the body. The objective of the present study was to investigate the cellular uptake and toxicity of the gold nanoparticles synthesized using a microbial polysaccharide, gellan gum, as a capping and reducing agent. The cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles was studied on mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, NIH3T3 and human glioma cell line, LN‐229. The cellular uptake study indicated that the gellan gum‐reduced gold nanoparticles were located in cancer cells (LN‐229) while no uptake was observed in normal mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH3T3). The toxicity of the gold nanoparticles was evaluated by carrying out subacute 28 day oral toxicity studies in rats. Subacute administration of gum‐reduced gold nanoparticles to the rats did not show any hematological or biochemical abnormalities. The weight and normal architecture of various organs did not change compared with control. The current findings, while establishing the specific uptake of nanoparticles into cancerous cells, also demonstrates that the gellan gum‐reduced gold nanoparticles are devoid of toxicity in animals following oral administration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NADPH oxidase participates in the oxidative damage caused by fluoride in rat spermatozoa. Protective role ofα‐tocopherol
Authors: Izquierdo‐Vega Jeannett A. , Sánchez‐Gutiérrez Manuel , Del Razo Luz María
Published: November 2010

Fluorosis, caused by drinking water contaminated with inorganic fluoride, is a public health problem in many areas around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress in spermatozoa caused by fluoride and NADPH oxidase in relationship to fluoride. Four experimental groups of male Wistar rats were administered with deionized water, NaF, at a dose equivalent to 5 mg fluoride kg−1per 24 h, NaF plus 20 mg kg−1per 24 hα‐tocopherol, orα‐tocopherol alone for 60 days. We evaluated several spermatozoa parameters in the four groups: standard quality analysis, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase activity, TBARS formation, ultrastructural analyses of spermatozoa using transmission electron microscopy andin vitrofertilization (IVF) capacity. After 60 days of treatment, urinary excretion of fluoride was not modified byα‐tocopherol. Spermatozoa from fluoride‐treated rats exhibited a significant increase in the generation of ROS, accompanied by a significant increase in NADPH oxidase activity. The increase in ROS generation was significantly diminished by diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activity. In contrast, a decrease in the generation of ROS, an increase in SOD activity and the prevention of TBARS formation process were observed in spermatozoa of rats exposed to fluoride plusα‐tocopherol. Finally,α‐tocopherol treatment prevented the IVF incapacity observed in the spermatozoa from fluoride‐treated rats. These results suggest that NADPH oxidase participates in the oxidative stress damage caused by subchronic exposure to fluoride. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional visualization of the first hyperpolarizability tensor
Authors: Tuer Adam , Krouglov Serguei , Cisek Richard , Tokarz Danielle , Barzda Virginijus
Published: November 2010

With polarization dependent second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy becoming a more popular method for investigating the structure of biological materials, there is a need to develop tools with which to understand and interpret the observed SHG properties. Quantum mechanical calculations of the hyperpolarizability tensor have become a popular method for understanding the SHG properties of biomolecules. Visualization of the full hyperpolarizability tensor, termed the unit sphere representation, has been developed to provide insight and intuition on the relationship between SHG properties and molecules. A single vector representation is also presented, which approximates the SHG properties of molecules for certain cases, where the anisotropy is negligible. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Triton B catalyzed three‐component, one‐pot synthesis of 2‐amino‐2‐chromenes at ambient temperature
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Bhikshapathi M. , Nayak Sambit , Srinivas R. , Yadav J. S.
Published: November 2010

A one‐pot, three‐component synthesis of 2‐amino‐2‐chromenes is described at ambient temperature by the reaction of an aldehyde and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate with α‐naphthol or β‐naphthol in ethanol in presence of a catalytic amount of Triton B. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Synthesis and reactions of 3‐cyano‐4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐pyridone
Authors: Elassar Abdel‐Zaher A.
Published: November 2010

Rapid synthesis of 3‐cyano‐4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐pyridone 3, using piprazine as a catalyst was reported. X‐ray data of the 4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3‐carbonitrile exhibited its oxo form. Synthesis of isoquinolinecarbonitrile and pyridylpyridazine using compound 3 was investigated. Reactivity of the synthesized pyridone toward different organic reagents was also studied. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Modular synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazoles and related monocyclic pyrrolo structures
Authors: O'Dwyer Emma E. , Mullane Nessa S. , Smyth Timothy P.
Published: November 2010

A modular synthesis of selectively‐substituted pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazoles (Δ6 isomeric form) has been implemented, involving a distinctive bicyclization reaction of a mucobromic acid derivative followed by a Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling. A novel process of Δ6 to Δ7 isomerization of the pyrrolothiazole structure was uncovered that appears to involve a 1,4‐addition‐1,2‐elimination mechanism. Preparation of 1,5‐dihydropyrrol‐2‐one structures, selectively substituted at the 3‐ and 4‐positions, was also achieved using the mucobromic acid synthon in a reductive amination process. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Venture capital investment selection: do patents attract investors?
Authors: Nadeau Pierre
Published: November 2010

Technology firms engaged in patenting activity seem to attract more venture capital investors on their successful journey from initial selection to exit.
Course of posttraumatic stress symptoms over the 5 years following an industrial disaster: A structural equation modeling study
Authors: Bui Eric , Tremblay Laurent , Brunet Alain , Rodgers Rachel , Jehel Louis , Véry Etienne , Schmitt Laurent , Vautier Stéphane , Birmes Philippe
Published: November 2010

The present study examined individual latent changes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms over a 60‐month period after an industrial disaster. Participants were recruited from survivors of a factory explosion. Participants were assessed retrospectively for peritraumatic reactions and acute stress symptoms. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were then assessed at 6, 15, and 60 months. Using structural equation modeling, the authors tested 3 hypotheses of individual latent change: stability of PTSD symptoms between 6, 15, and 60 months; change between 6 and 15 months; and change between 15 and 60 months. Only one model provided a good fit suggesting that PTSD symptoms evolved between 6 and 15 months after trauma exposure and remained stable at the individual level thereafter.
Die Differentialideale im Ring der ganzen Funktionen, die bei vorgegebener Ordnung Minimaltyp besitzen
Authors: Timofeev Alexei Ju.
Published: November 2010

In diesem Beitrag werden die endlich erzeugten Differentialideale im Ring der ganzen Funktionen, die bei vorgegebener Ordnung vom Minimaltyp sind, beschrieben. Die erzielten Ergebnisse werden zur Untersuchung des Faktorisierungsproblems für Differentialoperatoren unendlicher Ordnung angewendet.
Quasi‐Affinity for Unbounded Representations
Authors: Ôta Schôichi
Published: November 2010

Quasi‐affinity for unbounded representations are introduced and it is shown that, if a self‐adjoint representation π is quasi‐affine to a *‐representation ϱ, then ϱ is also self‐adjoint and π and ϱ are unitarily equivalent.
Supercritical Branching Brownian Motion and K‐P‐P Equation In the Critical Speed‐Area
Authors: Chauvin B. , Rouault A.
Published: November 2010

If Rt is the position of the rightmost particle at time t in a one dimensional branching brownian motion,

whore α is the inverse of the mean life time and m is the mean of the reproduction law. If Zt denotes the random point measure of particles living at time t, we get in the critical area {c = c0}

The function u(t, x) = P(Rt > x) is studied as a solution of the K‐P‐P equation

for some function f.

Conditioned on non‐extinction of the spatial tree in the c0‐direction, a limit distribution is obtained and characterized.
A Gelfand‐Phillips Property with Respect to the Weak Topology
Authors: Leung Denny H.
Published: November 2010

We consider a Gelfand‐Phillips type property for the weak topology. The main results that we obtain are (1) for certain Banach spaces, E˜ϵ F inherits this property from E and F, and (2) the spaces Lp(μ, E) have this property when E does.

A subset A of a Banach space E is a limited set if every (bounded linear) operator T:E → c0 maps A onto a relatively compact subset of c0. The Banach space E has the Gelfand‐Phillips property if every limited set is relatively compact. In this note, we study the analogous notions set in the weak topology. Thus we say that A ⊂ E is a Grothendieck set if every T: E → c0 maps A onto a relatively weakly compact set; and E is said to have the weak type GP property if every Grothendieck set in E is relatively weakly compact. In the papers [3, 4 and 6], it is shown among other results that the ϵ‐tensor product E and the spaces Lp(μ, E) inherit the Gelfand‐Phillips property from E and F. In this paper, we study the same questions for the weak type GP property.

It is easily verified that continuous linear images of Grothendieck sets are Grothendieck and that the weak type GP property is inherited by subspaces. Among the spaces with the weak type GP property one easily finds the separable spaces, and more generally, spaces with a weak* sequentially compact dual ball. Also, C(K) spaces where K is (DCSC) are weak type GP (see [3] and the discussion before Corollary 4 below). A Grothendieck space (a Banach space whose unit ball is a Grothendieck set) has the weak type GP if and only if it is reflexive.
Nullstellensatz effectif et Conjecture de Serre (Théorème de Quillen‐Suslin) pour le Calcul Formel
Authors: Fitchas Noaï , Galligo André
Published: November 2010

Let k be an arbitrary field, X1,….,Xn indeterminates over k and F1…, F3 ε ∈ k[X1…,Xn] polynomials of maximal degree \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ d: = \mathop {\max }\limits_{1 \le i \le a} \deg $\end{document} (Fi). We give an elementary proof of the following effective Nullstellensatz: Assume that F1,…,F have no common zero in the algebraic closure of k. Then there exist polynomials P1…, P3 ε ∈ k[X1…,Xn] such that \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 1: = \mathop \Sigma \limits_{1 \le i \le a} $\end{document} PiFi and

This result has many applications in Computer Algebra. To exemplify this, we give an effective quantitative and algorithmic version of the Quillen‐Suslin Theorem baaed on our effective Nullstellensatz.
A Kinematic Formula and Moment Measures of Random Sets
Authors: Zähle M.
Published: November 2010

Relations for higher order m‐volume direction moment measures of motion invariant random sets in Rd and their intersections by planes are derived. As a fundamental tool a new kinematic formula for moments of Hausdorff measures is proved.
Compact Sets of Holomorphic Mappings
Authors: Boyd Christopher , Dineen SeÁN
Published: November 2010

Compactness of locally bounded sets of holomorphic functions with infinite dimensional domains is connected, using Heinrich's density condition, to the Schwartz and semi‐Montel properties on the domain. The metrizability of bounded subsets for various spaces of holomorphic functions is investigated.
On Some Connections between Potential Theory and Excursions of Reflecting Brownian Motion
Authors: Lang Reinhard
Published: November 2010

We consider reflecting Brownian motion in a bounded domain with smooth boundary. Formulas for the moments of the excursion lengths are derived and connections between excursion theory of reflecting Brownian motion and notions from recurrent potential theory are explored.
Compact Null Hypersurfaces and Collapsing Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Rendall Alan D.
Published: November 2010

Restrictions are obtained on the topology of a compact divergence ‐ free null hypersurface in a four‐dimensional Lorentzian manifold whose Ricci tensor is zero or satisfies some weaker conditions. This is done by showing that each null hypersurface of this type can be used to construct a family of three ‐ dimensional Riemannian metrics which collapses with bounded curvature and applying known results on the topology of manifolds which collapse. The result is then applied to general relativity, where it implies a restriction on the topology of smooth compact Cauchy horizons in spacetimes with various types of reasonable matter content.
Some Remarks on Left‐Definite Hamiltonian Systems in the Regular Case
Authors: Vonhoff Rolf
Published: November 2010

It is the aim to confront recent considerations of A.M. Krall on the left‐definite spectral theory of regular Hamiltonian systems with the results of former research in this field. A short survey of the main sources starting with the work of E. Hölder in 1935 is given. After that the essential features of the left‐definite S‐hermitian theory, as it was developed by Schäfke and Schneider in 1965, are presented for the special case of the problems treated by Krall, and an application to Sturm ‐ Liouville equations is given. By comparing methods and assumptions of both theories, it is shown that the main result in Krall's papers, a theorem on eigenfunction expansions, can be obtained under much weaker conditions. Especially one gets rid of the problem that the restrictions in the work of Krall even exclude the classical polar case which builds the starting‐point of the left‐definite theory.
Exact Sequence of Stable Vector Bundles on Projective Curves
Authors: Ballico Edoardo , Brambila Leticia , Russo Barbara
Published: November 2010

Let X be a smooth complex projective curve of genus g over an algebraically closed field k of charcteristic 0. In this paper we prove that given two general stable bundles F and G such that

equation image

there exists an extension

equation image

of G by F with E stable.

Moreover, such extension also exists for any general stable bundles of F and G of degree even and X either a double covering of a curve of genus 2 or a curve of genus g ≥ 3 + 4(rank G + rank F) + max {rank G, rank F).

That solves Lange's conjecture ([L2], p. 455) for such cases.
On Hardy—Type Inequalities
Authors: Edmunds D. E. , Hurri‐Syrjänen R.
Published: November 2010

We show that certain Hardy‐ type inequalities hold in plump domains and domains with a Whitney cube #‐condition.
The Module Structure Theorem for Sobolev Spaces on Open Manifolds
Authors: Eichhorn Jürgen , Fricke Jan
Published: November 2010

We prove a general embedding theorem for Sobolev spaces on open manifolds of bounded geometry and infer from this the module structure theorem. Thereafter we apply this to weighted Sobolev spaces.
Über lokale Eigenschaften von Lipschitz‐Abbildungen
Authors: Langenbach Arno
Published: November 2010

Die Fragestellung dieser Arbeit ist motiviert durch ein allgemeines Existenzprinzip für Lösungen nichtlinearer Gleichungen in metrischen Räumen, welches folgendermaßen formuliert werden kann.
On the Essential Spectrum of a Class of Operators in Hilbert Space
Authors: Möller Manfred
Published: November 2010

Sufficient conditions are given such that the product T1T2 of two unbounded operators in Hilbert spaces is essentially selfadjoint and that the nonzero numbers in the essential spectrum of the closure of T1T2 coincide with the nonzero numbers in the essential spectrum of T2T1. If the essential spectrum of the closure of T2T1 only consists of zero and M is a bounded operator, then several formulas for the essential spectrum of the closure of T2T1 + M are given.
Global Behaviour of a Reaction‐Diffusion System Modelling Chemotaxis
Authors: Gajewski Herbert , Zacharias Klaus , Gröger Konrad
Published: November 2010

Using Lyapunov functionals the global behaviour of the solutions of a reaction‐diffusion system modelling chemotaxis is studied for bounded piecewise smooth domains in the plane. Geometric criteria can be given so that this dynamical system tends to a (not necessarily trivial) stationary state.
Model Spaces for Compositions of Q ‐ Functions
Authors: Kaltenbäck Michael
Published: November 2010

Given two Q ‐ functions f and g, a symmetric relation and a selfadjoint extension is constructed whose Q ‐ function is the composition f o g. To obtain this result we use the concept of tensor products of Hilbert spaces. Furthermore for a symmetric relation S and a selfadjoint extension A the Q ‐ function of S and A is related to the Q ‐ function of S−1 and A−1. This connection is used to characterize some properties of S and A by means of their Q ‐ function.
On the Central Connection Problem for the Double Confluent Heun Equation
Authors: Wolf Gerhard
Published: November 2010

The relation between the different local solutions of the double confluent Heun equation is called the central connection problem for this equation. We give limit formulae for the connection coefficients of the matrix which represents the relation between the fundamental sets of asymptotic solutions at the irregular singularities 0 and ∞, respectively. The problem is closely related to the connection problem of a special confluent Heun equation. By Laplace transform, a transfer between the connection problems of the corresponding differential equations takes place.
Formules Locales de Type Martinelli – Bochner – Koppelman sur des Variétés CR
Authors: Barkatou Moulay Youssef
Published: November 2010

We construct local formulas of Martinelli ‐ Bochner ‐ Koppelman type on q ‐ concave generic CR ‐ manifolds. We apply these results to study the tangentiel Cauchy–Riemann equations and the Hartogs ‐ Bochner phenomenon on such manifolds.
Wiener–Hopf Factorization of Transfer Functions of Extended Pritchard–Salamon Realizations
Authors: Kaashoek M. A. , van Der Mee C. V. M. , Ran A. C. M.
Published: November 2010

In this paper factorization results for transfer functions of Pritchard–Salamon systems are obtained. In particular, transfer functions sufficiently close to the identity operator are shown to have a canonical Wiener–Hopf factorization. Moreover, the Bounded Real Lemma is generalized to Pritchard–Salamon systems and applied to relate left and right canonical Wiener–Hopf factorizations of their transfer functions.
An Operator Theoretical Approach to Enveloping ϕ* – and C* – Algebras of Melrose Algebras of Totally Characteristic Pseudodifferential Operators
Authors: Lauter Robert
Published: November 2010

Let X be a compact manifold with boundary. It will be shown (Theorem 3.4) that the small Melrose algebra A≔ ϕb,cl (χ,bΩ1/2) (cf. [22], [23]) of classical, totally characteristic pseudodifferential operators carries no topology such that it is a topological algebra with an open group of invertible elements, in particular, the algebra A cannot be spectrally invariant in any C* – algebra. On the other hand, the symbolic structure of A can be extended continuously to the C* – algebra B generated by A as a subalgebra of ζ(σbL2(χ, bΩ1/2)) by a generalization of a method of Gohberg and Krupnik. Furthermore, A is densely embedded in a Fréchet algebra A ⊆ B which is a ϕ* – algebra in the sense of Gramsch [9, Definition 5.1], reflecting also smooth properties of the original algebra A.
On the Trace Formula of Perturbation Theory. II
Authors: Jonas Peter
Published: November 2010

In a previous paper for a class of pairs of operators in a Hilbert space with nuclear difference or under a more general nuclearity condition there was introduced a spectral shift functional. Here we consider the local integrability of this spectral shift functional, i.e., the problem when this functional can locally be represented by an integrable function. The general results are then applied to pairs of definitizable and locally definitizable unitary operators in a Krein space.
On the Reconstruction of a String from Spectral Data
Authors: Weber Matthias
Published: November 2010

We consider the problem to reconstruct the mass distribution of a string where the mass is concentrated in a finite number of points, or, equivalently, the problem to reconstruct a simply connected mass spring system with unknown masses and stiffness parameters if the following data are given.

Problem 1: The spectra of the string and of a modification of the string, or.

Problem 2: The spectra of two different modifications of the string.

Here a modification of the string is a string which appears if we link the unknown string with another string of known mass distribution.

The paper contains a necessary condition for the existence of a solution of Problem 1, and explicit formulas and an algorithm for the solutions of the Problems 1 and 2 under the condition that there exists a solution.

For the case that the mass distribution of the unknown string is not discrete we consider the problem to find discrete approximations of this distribution from the respective spectral data.

The methods are based on the spectral theory of generalized second order differential operators as developed by M. G. Krein
Abel Basis of Root Functions of Regular Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Yakubov Sasun , Yakubov Yakov
Published: November 2010

We study regular boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations with a variable complex ‐ valued coefficient at the principal term of the equation. Simple algebraic conditions on the coefficient that guarantee that a system of root functions of such boundary value problems forms an Abel basis have been found.
An Eigenvalue Dirichlet Problem with Weight and L1 Data
Authors: Bocea Marian , Redulescu Vicentiu
Published: November 2010

We give an existence result for a linear eigenvalue problem with weight and data in L1. Our approach is not variational and uses the notion of solution obtained by approximation. We also prove that this solution coincides with that obtained by G. Stampacchia with h duality arguments and we give a link with the renormalized solution in the sense formulated by P. –L. Lions and F. Murat.