bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High genetic diversity despite drastic bottleneck in a critically endangered, long‐lived seabird, the Mascarene Petrel Pseudobulweria aterrima
Authors: Lopez Jade , Nikolic Natacha , Riethmuller Martin , Dubos Jérôme , Pinet Patrick , Souharce Patxi , Couzi François‐Xavier , Le Corre Matthieu , Jaeger Audrey , Humeau Laurence
Published: June 2020

The Mascarene Petrel Pseudobulweria aterrima is a critically endangered seabird endemic to Reunion Island, with an extremely small population suffering several threats. Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from this species to analyse genetic diversity, estimate contemporary effective population size, search for evidence of a population bottleneck and see whether results support the hypothesis that life history traits could preserve allelic diversity in small populations. Results from 22 individuals found grounded as a consequence of light pollution highlight a surprisingly high genetic diversity, an absence of inbreeding, a contemporary effective population size estimated at approximately 1211 individuals and a probable bottleneck around 10 000 generations ago. Additional studies on genetic diversity and structure from a larger number of samples are thus required to evaluate the evolutionary potential of this critically endangered species.
In vivo and in vitro antifungal effect of fungal chitosan nanocomposite edible coating against strawberry phytopathogenic fungi
Authors: Melo Natália Ferrão Castelo Branco , de Lima Marcos Antônio Barbosa , Stamford Tânia Lucia Montenegro , Galembeck André , Flores Miguel A.P. , de Campos Takaki Galba Maria , da Costa Medeiros José Alberto , Stamford‐Arnaud Thatiana Montenegro , Montenegro Stamford Thayza Christina
Published: June 2020

This study compared the effectiveness of fungal chitosan nanocomposite, chitosan gel and chitosan nanoparticles against strawberry phytopathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea; Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger). Nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method and characterised by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The influence of the edible coatings on fungal growth was analysed in vitro and in vivo The fungal chitosan nanoparticles presented an average size = 331.1 nm (±7.21) with a narrow size distribution (PDI = 0.377) and a zeta potential = +34 mV. The edible coating made by the nanocomposite exhibited important changes in fungal morphology, and the best control of the growth of the assayed fungal strains in artificially infected strawberries. Therefore, nanotechnology brought some benefits to the conventional chitosan gel edible coating, improving its antifungal activity and forming a new eco‐friendly coating.
China's Economy Is Not Overtaking America's
Authors: Beckley Michael
Published: June 2020

Most scholars and pundits, along with the general public, believe that China is an economic juggernaut set to overtake America as the world's dominant power. But the conventional wisdom is wrong. The United States is several times wealthier than China; and since the global financial crisis over a decade ago, the absolute gap between the two nations has been growing by trillions of dollars each year. China's economy is big but inefficient. It produces high output at high costs. Chinese businesses suffer from chronically high production costs, and China's 1.4 billion people generate massive welfare and security burdens. The United States, by contrast, is big and efficient, producing high output at relatively low costs. American workers and businesses are seven times more productive than China's, on average; and with four times fewer people than China, the United States has much lower welfare and security costs.

The conventional wisdom about China, besides being wrong, has dangerous policy implications. For starters, it creates the impression that the United States and China are locked in “Thucydides' trap” in which a rising power challenges the ruling hegemon, and the two slide into a major war. This misguided notion, widespread in both countries, is driving a spiral of hostility. Slowing this spiral requires both sides to take a clear‐eyed look at the real balance of power, which is now, and will likely remain, highly skewed in America's favor.

A second danger is that an exaggerated sense of China's rise continues to fuel the current trade wars. The United States should aggressively punish unfair Chinese trade practices, but do so through a reformed WTO, regional free trade pacts, and targeted investment restrictions and economic decoupling—not with unilateral tariffs.

A third danger is that exaggerated fear of China's rise and America's decline could cause the United States to back off from many of its foreign policy commitments, divesting all obligations to maintaining the global order save those linked to vital national interests. Advocates of an “America First” foreign policy are probably right that the United States could improve its relative position by ditching allies and international institutions and letting the world burn. But one of the benefits of unrivaled wealth and power is that the United States can afford to pursue absolute gains, sacrificing a bit of relative advantage to make the United States and the world better off overall. As the most secure and powerful country in history, the United States can and should do more than ceaselessly struggle for power.
Columbia Law School Roundtable on The Future Of Capitalism
Authors: Collier Paul , Mayer Colin , Schwartz Alan , Bresnahan Kristin , Pearlstein Steve
Published: June 2020

In this discussion that took place at Columbia Law School's Millstein Center last October (and thus well before the appearance of the coronavirus), two distinguished English academics, a Pulitzer Prize‐winning journalist, and the executive chairman of a large American investment house discussed the role of corporations in addressing the crises that periodically beset the capitalist system.

Sir Paul Collier opened with the comment that, although capitalism had shown itself to be the only effective system for mass human improvement in the past 10,000 years, it was now experiencing its “third serious derailment.” In each of the first two—the first in Northern England in the 1840s and the second during the Great Depression of the 1930s—capitalism was preserved in significant part by the “moral load‐bearing” performed by private companies and citizens. For capitalism to survive this third derailment, the public and private sectors must join forces to address what Collier to sees as the most formidable economic challenge: finding ways to transport urban jobs and capabilities to rural areas still reeling from two major blows—the first, a century ago to agriculture, and the second, for the past two or three decades, to large‐scale manufacturing.

Collier's Oxford colleague Colin Mayer follows by calling on public companies to formulate and state a corporate social purpose that goes beyond maximizing their own long‐run shareholder values. And to encourage and support such a practice, Mayer urges the large universal owners that own large stakes in all the world's large listed companies not only to support and applaud such statements, but to find ways to ensure that companies are living up to them.

Alan Schwartz, Executive Chairman of Guggenheim Partners, responds by noting that capitalism has been forced to make major adjustments throughout its history. And consistent with Collier's observations, Schwartz argues that the global economic order should have been preparing for the past 30 or 40 years for its biggest challenge: creating a global economy dynamic enough to provide jobs for some two or three billion new unskilled workers spawned by the globalization of the world economy. The American private sector, after having lost much of its efficiency and value in the 1970s, has since used continuous restructuring to produce enormous productivity gains and value. And although generally supportive of the thinking behind the Business Roundtable's recent statement, Schwartz deplores the confusion that continues to surround the message. Those corporate leaders now endorsing the pursuit of social goals are by no means asking their shareholders to accept below‐market returns on investment. In well‐run companies focused on long‐run efficiency and value, there is no inherent conflict between the interests of shareholders and the long‐run interests of other major stakeholders. In such companies, customers, employees, suppliers, and local communities all end up better served.
Sustainability at Walmart: Success over the Long Haul
Authors: Neebe Katherine
Published: June 2020

At the core of Walmart's corporate purpose is the principle of “shared value.” The company views its mission as increasing the value of its business by helping to address important social needs. And in this article, Walmart's Senior Director of ESG discusses how the company applies the lens of shared value to three of its most significant ESG priorities: (1) economic opportunity for Walmart associates; (2) the sustainability of its supply chains, with an emphasis on the safety and livelihoods of workers; and (3) climate change, including the reduction of plastic waste.

What's more, the company sees itself playing a role in transforming society through its own business practices. In reflecting on her decades of work in sustainability, the author emphasizes the value of and potential for greater stakeholder engagement and alliances of corporations with NGOs (like the World Wildlife and Environmental Defense Funds) that aim to help both lower‐income people and the environment at the same time. But the author's vision is even more ambitious: “In upholding and seeking to maximize its principle of shared value, Walmart aims not only to run a highly efficient all‐channel retail business, but to help bring about large‐scale and lasting improvements to all the social ecosystems whose functioning is part of and critical to that business.”
‘Queer’ Objects: The Art Practice as a Tool for Shared Sensory Understanding
Authors: Boulet Suzanne
Published: June 2020

This article is structured around three art objects I created and presented during the iJADE Conference in 2019. Through the description and manipulation of these tactile objects, which are designed in a way that allows for ease of interaction, we arrive at the concepts of familiarity and strangeness, attraction and repulsion that underpin encounters with the art object, the other and the environment. In this article we will rediscover the sense of touch as our singular access to the environment and a means of perceiving closeness. We will also examine experiments with students in an effort to understand how the art object can be significant through its affective value, and explore the concept of private and public boundaries in search of a suitable atmosphere for intimate encounters. Finally, we will ask how the art object functions as a tool that allows our distinct sensitivities to meet through a shared sensory experience, the answer to which may be found in the notions of ritual and games, in order to come to a definition of the ‘ethics of contact’.
Emotional design of multimedia learning using background images with motivational cues
Authors: Chung Sungwon , Cheon Jongpil
Published: June 2020

Emotional design for multimedia learning can be implemented primarily using aesthetic design elements (e.g., color, shape and layout); however, we still have limited understanding on emotional design using content features visually depicting motivational cues. This study examines how valence and arousal of emotional learning content, generated by background images, in multimedia learning influenced learners' retention of factual knowledge and cognitive load, using a 2 (valence: positive, negative) × 2 (arousal: moderately low, moderately high) between‐subjects experiment. The results showed significant interaction effects, implying the positive effects of using moderately low arousing negative images on both recognition and cued‐recall test scores. Both scores were significantly lower when moderately high arousing negative images were used; however, they did not differ with increasing arousal of positive images. The emotional content did not influence germane and extraneous loads. Our findings emphasize the need for considering optimal levels of valence and arousal in emotional design.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma‐ligand‐binding domain mutations associated with familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 disrupt human trophoblast fusion and fibroblast migration
Authors: Shoaito Hussein , Chauveau Sabine , Gosseaume Camille , Bourguet William , Vigouroux Corinne , Vatier Camille , Pienkowski Catherine , Fournier Thierry , Degrelle Séverine A.
Published: June 2020

The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is essential for placental development, and alterations in its expression and/or activity are associated with human placental pathologies such as pre‐eclampsia or IUGR. However, the molecular regulation of PPARG in cytotrophoblast differentiation and in the underlying mesenchyme remains poorly understood. Our main goal was to study the impact of mutations in the ligand‐binding domain (LBD) of the PPARG gene on cytotrophoblast fusion (PPARGE352Q) and on fibroblast cell migration (PPARGR262G/PPARGL319X). Our results showed that, compared to cells with reconstituted PPARGWT, transfection with PPARGE352Q led to significantly lower PPARG activity and lower restoration of trophoblast fusion. Likewise, compared to PPARGWT fibroblasts, PPARGR262G/PPARGL319X fibroblasts demonstrated significantly inhibited cell migration. In conclusion, we report that single missense or nonsense mutations in the LBD of PPARG significantly inhibit cell fusion and migration processes.
Plasma membrane H+‐ATPases‐mediated cytosolic proton gradient regulates pollen tube growth
Authors: Chen Wei , Jia Peng‐Fei , Yang Wei‐Cai , Li Hong‐Ju
Published: June 2020

The polar growth of pollen tubes is essential for the delivery of sperm cells during fertilization in angiosperms. How this polar growth is regulated has been a long‐standing question. An in vitro pharmacological assay previously implicated proton flux in pollen tube growth, although genetic and cellular supporting evidence was lacking. Here, we report that protons form a gradient from the pollen tube tip to the shank region and this gradient is generated by three members of Arabidopsis H+‐ATPases (AHAs). Genetic analysis suggested that these AHAs are essential for pollen tube growth, thus providing new insight into the regulation of polar growth.
Beyond Implementation: Sustaining Group Prenatal Care and Group Well‐Child Care
Authors: Novick Gina , Womack Julie A. , Sadler Lois S.
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Group prenatal care and group well‐child care (collectively called group care) provide health care in groups. Group care is being introduced in many settings, and the model's benefits are increasingly recognized. Yet, little attention has been paid to understanding model sustainability. This study examined barriers to sustainability and offers suggestions for sustaining group care programs.

Methods

This qualitative research was guided by interpretive description. Semistructured interviews with 17 professionals were conducted in 4 sites in one community to explore barriers to sustaining group care and key ingredients for sustainability. Sites were 2 clinics that had provided group prenatal care, a clinic currently providing group prenatal care, and a clinic currently providing group well‐child care. Two clinics have continued providing group care and 2 have discontinued it. Participants included midwives, physicians, nurses, and nurse practitioners. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and entered in ATLAS.ti. A priori and inductive coding schemes were developed; code content was compared across individuals, participant types, and settings.

Results

Five themes were identified: administrative buy‐in, robust recruitment, clinician and staff buy‐in, owning it, and sustainability mindset. Group care needs to be sold to many different constituencies: administrators, staff and clinicians, and patients. Furthermore, sustainability requires having a conscious awareness of the importance of sustainability from the outset, taking ownership by adapting group care to needs of settings, creating venues for expressing divergent viewpoints and problem‐solving, and recognizing that these processes are ongoing with change occurring incrementally. It also includes addressing the need for long‐term financing.

Discussion

Those implementing group care must be prepared to go beyond managing the logistics of introducing a complex new program; they must also be prepared to develop sustainability mindsets, sell the model to everyone on all levels within their institutions, and advocate for enhanced reimbursement for group care and value‐driven payment systems.
A first glimpse at the influence of body mass in the morphological integration of the limb long bones: an investigation in modern rhinoceroses
Authors: Mallet Christophe , Billet Guillaume , Houssaye Alexandra , Cornette Raphaël
Published: June 2020

The appendicular skeleton of tetrapods is a particularly integrated structure due to the shared developmental origin or similar functional constraints exerted on its elements. Among these constraints, body mass is considered strongly to influence its integration but its effect on shape covariation has rarely been addressed in mammals, especially in heavy taxa. Here, we propose to explore the covariation patterns of the long bones in heavy animals and their link to body mass. We investigate the five modern rhinoceros species, which display an important range of bodyweight. We used a 3D geometric morphometric approach to describe the shape covariation of the six bones composing the stylopodium and zeugopodium both among and within species. Our results indicate that the appendicular skeleton of modern rhinos is a strongly integrated structure. At the interspecific level, the shape covariation is roughly similar between all pairs of bones and mainly concerns the muscular insertions related to powerful flexion and extension movements. The forelimb integration appears higher and more related to body mass than that of the hind limb, suggesting a specialization for weight support. The integration of the stylopodium elements does not seem to relate to body mass in our sample, which suggests a greater effect of shared developmental factors. Conversely, the covariation of the zeugopodium bones seems more associated with body mass, particularly for the radius‐ulna pair. The fibula appears poorly integrated with other bones, especially within non‐Rhinoceros species, which may represent a case of parcellation due to a functional dissociation between the hind limb bones. The exploration of the integration patterns at the intraspecific level also highlights a more prominent effect of age over individual body mass on shape covariation within C. simum. This study lends support to previous hypotheses indicating a link between high body mass and high integration level.
Experimental Entanglements: Surveillance Science, Sex Worker Activism, and Evidentiary Politics in Kenya
Authors: Lorway Robert
Published: June 2020

In Kenya, globally circulating HIV surveillance techniques are implicated in an emergent experimental terrain that merges scientific interest with health administration agendas. Sex worker activists reroute and repurpose this technocratic knowledge to more precisely pinpoint and defy the undemocratic imperatives of an encroaching experimental order that aims to govern the health of key populations. Reconstructing the conditions of emergence of these evidentiary politics reveals growing interdependencies between sex workers and scientific and technical experts as they are brought into increasing interaction with each other.
A multilabel classification approach to identify hurricane‐induced infrastructure disruptions using social media data
Authors: Roy Kamol Chandra , Hasan Samiul , Mozumder Pallab
Published: June 2020

Rapid identification of infrastructure disruptions during a disaster plays an important role in restoration and recovery operations. Due to the limitations of using physical sensing technologies, such as the requirement to cover a large area in a short period of time, studies have investigated the potential of social sensing for damage/disruption assessment following a disaster. However, previous studies focused on identifying whether a social media post is damage related or not. Hence, advanced methods are needed to infer actual infrastructure disruptions and their locations from such data. In this paper, we present a multilabel classification approach to identify the co‐occurrence of multiple types of infrastructure disruptions considering the sentiment toward a disruption—whether a post is reporting an actual disruption (negative), or a disruption in general (neutral), or not affected by a disruption (positive). In addition, we propose a dynamic mapping framework for visualizing infrastructure disruptions. We use a geo‐parsing method that extracts location from the texts of a social media post. We test the proposed approach using Twitter data collected during hurricanes Irma and Michael. The proposed multilabel classification approach performs better than a baseline method (using simple keyword search and sentiment analysis). We also find that disruption‐related tweets, based on specific keywords, do not necessarily indicate an actual disruption. Many tweets represent general conversations, concerns about a potential disruption, and positive emotion for not being affected by any disruption. In addition, a dynamic disruption map has potential in showing county and point/coordinate level disruptions. Identifying disruption types and their locations is vital for disaster recovery, response, and relief actions. By inferring the co‐occurrence of multiple disruptions, the proposed approach may help coordinate among infrastructure service providers and disaster management organizations.
Simulation‐based dynamic traffic assignment: Meta‐heuristic solution methods with parallel computing
Authors: Ameli Mostafa , Lebacque Jean‐Patrick , Leclercq Ludovic
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to solve the large‐scale dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model using a simulation‐based framework, which is computationally a challenging problem. Many studies have been performed on developing an efficient algorithm to solve DTA. Most of the existing algorithms are based on path‐swapping descent direction methods. From the computational standpoint, the main drawback of these methods is that they cannot be parallelized. This is because the existing algorithms need to know the results of the last iteration to determine the next best path flow for the next iteration. Thus, their performance depends on the single initial or intermediate solution, which means they exploit a solution that satisfies the equilibrium conditions more than explore the solution space for the optimal solution. More specifically, the goal of this study is to overcome the drawbacks of serial algorithms by using meta‐heuristic algorithms known to be parallelizable and that have never been applied to the simulation‐based DTA problem. This study proposes two new solution methods: a new extension of the simulated annealing and an adapted genetic algorithm. With parallel simulation, the algorithm runs more simulations in comparison with existing methods, but the algorithm explores the solution space better and therefore obtains better solutions in terms of closeness to the optimal solution and computation time compared to classical methods.
Façade defects classification from imbalanced dataset using meta learning‐based convolutional neural network
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Wang Qian , Li Yiting , Liu Pengkun
Published: June 2020

Façade inspection is a regular but necessary maintenance task to ensure the safety, functioning, and aesthetics of a building. Traditional visual identification of façade defects is dangerous, time‐consuming, and insufficient. Based on an image dataset and deep learning algorithms, an automatic façade defects classification technique is developed in this research. A layer‐based categorization rule is proposed to categorize façade defects. To handle the problem of imbalanced data size among defect classes, a meta learning‐based method is applied, which reassigns weights to the training data. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed method had a stronger capacity to deal with the imbalanced dataset problem comparing with previous methods by improving the classification accuracy from 71.43% of a basic convolutional neural network (CNN) model to 82.86% of a meta learning‐based CNN model.
Phenyl‐γ‐valerolactones and healthy ageing: Linking dietary factors, nutrient biomarkers, metabolic status and inflammation with cognition in older adults (the VALID project)
Authors: Angelino D. , Caffrey A. , Moore K. , Laird E. , Moore A. J. , Gill C. I. R. , Mena P. , Westley K. , Pucci B. , Boyd K. , Mullen B. , McCarroll K. , Ward M. , Strain J. J. , Cunningham C. , Molloy A. M. , McNulty H. , Del Rio D.
Published: June 2020

Populations globally are ageing, leading to increased prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Certain dietary patterns and/or nutritional components may have beneficial effects in helping to prevent or delay the onset of cognitive dysfunction in older adults. Flavan‐3‐ols, a complex subgroup of polyphenols (including catechins and proanthocyanins) which are abundant in foods such as tea, cocoa, grapes, nuts and berries, are almost exclusively metabolised by colonic bacteria to form phenolic acids and phenyl‐γ‐valerolactones (PVLs). PVLs, now thought to exert the anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects originally attributed to flavan‐3‐ols, are relatively stable in plasma and may thus provide reliable biomarkers of dietary exposure to flavan‐3‐ols. In the VALID project (a transnational collaboration involving partners in the UK, Ireland and Italy), we aim to validate plasma PVLs as robust biomarkers of catechin/proanthocyanidin‐rich foods and demonstrate their association with cognitive function in older adults. We will utilise existing data and perform new analysis of samples from the Trinity‐Ulster and Department of Agriculture (TUDA) cohort, a study of 5186 older adults providing comprehensive data on a range of relevant variables, including nutrient biomarkers, inflammatory markers, clinical variables, socio‐economic factors and cognitive measures. In addition, we will access samples from TUDA 5+, a follow‐up study of 1000 participants from the original TUDA cohort resampled 5–7 years after their initial investigation, enabling an assessment of cognitive decline. This project aims to validate PVLs as robust biomarkers of dietary polyphenol intake and determine the potential role of catechin/proanthocyanidin‐rich foods in preserving better cognitive heath in ageing.
PIFs coordinate shade avoidance by inhibiting auxin repressor ARF18 and metabolic regulator QQS
Authors: Jia Yuebin , Kong Xiangpei , Hu Kongqin , Cao Mengqiang , Liu Jiajia , Ma Changle , Guo Siyi , Yuan Xianzheng , Zhao Shan , Robert Hélène S. , Li Cuiling , Tian Huiyu , Ding Zhaojun
Published: June 2020

Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) arises in densely growing plants that compete for light. In Arabidopsis thaliana, phytochrome interacting factor (PIF) proteins link the perception of shade to stem elongation via auxin production.

Here, we report that PIFs inhibit the shade‐induced expression of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 18 (ARF18), and ARF18 represses auxin signaling. Therefore, PIF‐mediated inhibition of ARF18 enhances auxin‐dependent hypocotyl elongation in simulated shade.

Furthermore, we show that both PIFs and ARF18 directly repress qua‐quine starch (QQS), which controls the allocation of carbon and nitrogen. Shade‐repressed QQS attenuates the conversion of starch to protein and thus reduced leaf area.

Our results suggest that PIF‐dependent gene regulation coordinates multiple SAS responses, including altered stem growth via ARF18, as well as altered leaf growth and metabolism via QQS.
Detection and analysis of enamel cracks by ICG‐NIR fluorescence dental imaging
Authors: Li Zhongqiang , Holamoge Yoshita V. , Li Zheng , Zaid Waleed , Osborn Michelle L. , Ramos Alexandra , Miller Jacob T. , Li Yanping , Yao Shaomian , Xu Jian
Published: June 2020

Cracked teeth are the third most common cause of tooth loss, but there is no reliable imaging tool for the diagnosis of cracks. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of indocyanine green near‐infrared fluorescence (ICG‐NIRF) dental imaging for the detection of enamel cracks and enamel–dentin cracks in vitro in the first (ICG‐NIRF‐I, 700–950 nm) and second (ICG‐NIRF‐II, 950–1700 nm) imaging windows with transmission excitation light, and compared ICG‐NIRF with conventional NIR illumination‐II (NIRi‐II) and X‐ray imaging. Dentin cracks were detected by CT scan, while most enamel cracks, undetectable under X‐ray imaging, were clearly visible in NIR images. We found that ICG‐NIRF‐II detected cracks more effectively than NIRi‐II, and that light orientation is an important factor for crack detection: an angled exposure obtained better image contrast of cracks than parallel exposure, as it created a shadow under the crack. Crack depth could be evaluated from the crack shadow in ICG‐NIRF and NIRi‐II images; from this shadow we could determine crack depth and discriminate enamel–dentin cracks from craze lines. Cracks could be observed clearly from ICG‐NIRF images with 1‐min ICG tooth immersion, although longer ICG immersion produced images with greater contrast. Overall, our data show that ICG‐NIRF dental imaging is a useful tool for diagnosing cracked teeth at an early stage.
IgG4 plasma cell myeloma: Clinicopathological characteristics and diagnosis
Authors: Ito Ai , Yamauchi Tatsuya , Nakano Akinobu , Fujino Masahiko , Ito Masafumi
Published: June 2020

Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) is usually associated with the presence of M‐protein in the serum and urine of patients, and about half of the PCM cases exhibit the IgG M‐protein and increased gamma‐globulin fraction on membrane electrophoresis. The IgG4 subclass is located in the beta‐2 fraction on membrane electrophoresis. The aim of this study was to develop a method to evaluate IgG4‐producing PCM (IgG4‐PCM) and its clinicopathological characteristics. We found three cases of IgG4‐PCM among 80 cases of IgG‐producing PCM by membrane electrophoresis, which were confirmed by IgG4 immunostaining. None of the cases had a clinical history of IgG4‐related disease, although they exhibited high levels of serum IgG4. A bone marrow aspiration specimen had an increased number of plasma cells with a relatively mature morphology. No cases exhibited lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, obliterative phlebitis or fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that tumor cells expressed CD138 and IgG4 and showed monoclonal expression of kappa. We revealed that IgG4‐PCM might not be associated with IgG4‐related disease and that the detection of M‐protein with beta‐globulin fraction by electrophoresis may be useful for screening IgG4‐PCM.
Solutions with concentration for conservation laws with discontinuous flux and its applications to numerical schemes for hyperbolic systems
Authors: Aggarwal Aekta , Sahoo Manas Ranjan , Sen Abhrojyoti , Vaidya Ganesh
Published: June 2020

Measure‐valued weak solutions for conservation laws with discontinuous flux are proposed and explicit formulae have been derived. We propose convergent discontinuous flux‐based numerical schemes for the class of hyperbolic systems that admit nonclassical ‐shocks, by extending the theory of discontinuous flux for nonlinear conservation laws to scalar transport equation with a discontinuous coefficient. The article also discusses the concentration phenomenon of solutions along the line of discontinuity, for scalar transport equations with a discontinuous coefficient. The existence of the solutions for transport equation is shown using the vanishing viscosity approach and the asymptotic behavior of the solutions is also established. The performance of the numerical schemes for both scalar conservation laws and systems to capture the ‐shocks effectively is displayed through various numerical experiments.
COVID‐19 in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Myers Catherine N. , Scott John Harwood , Criner Gerard J. , Cordova Francis C. , Mamary Albert James , Marchetti Nathaniel , Shenoy Kartik V. , Galli Jonathan A. , Mulhall Patrick D. , Brown James C. , Shigemura Norihisa , Sehgal Sameep ,   Temple University COVID‐19 Research Group
Published: June 2020

Solid organ transplant recipients are considered at high risk for COVID‐19 infection due to chronic immune suppression; little data currently exists on the manifestations and outcomes of COVID‐19 infection in lung transplant recipients. Here we report 8 cases of COVID‐19 identified in patients with a history of lung transplant. We describe the clinical course of disease as well as preexisting characteristics of these patients.
Women and Leadership Development in Australian Sport Organizations
Authors: Banu-Lawrence Marissa , Frawley Stephen , Hoeber Larena
Published: June 2020

There has been growing interest in gender diversity and the leadership development of women in recent years within the broader field of management studies. Understanding leadership development processes is important for the sport industry, in which organizations are becoming increasingly professional and commercially focused. Despite the increased attention on gender diversity and leadership development within the sport industry to date, the scope and application of organizational gender and leadership development theory within an Australian sport context has been limited. As such, the purpose of this study was to explore the leadership development practices adopted by key stakeholders of the Australian sports industry, with the intention to uncover how they impact the role of women in different organizations. Specifically, the research investigated the practices of three organizations that have a major stake in Australian professional sport.
Comparison of Two Handheld Digital Dual Inclinometry Techniques in the Measurement of Lumbar Flexion Active Range of Motion
Authors: Fletcher James P. , Taylor James David , Carroll Chris A. , Richardson M. Blake
Published: June 2020

Context: An accurate assessment of lumbar spine active range of motion (AROM) is clinically important. Dual inclinometry is recommended as the optimal technique for measuring lumbar flexion AROM; however, the procedures differ in the literature. Objective: To compare 2 different handheld digital dual inclinometry (HDDI) techniques for evaluating lumbar flexion AROM. Design: The study was a repeated-measures design consisting of 2 trials. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: A sample of 69 adult volunteers (28 men and 41 women; mean age 23.8 [2.4] y) without pain or injury to their back, hips, or abdomen for at least 3 months participated in the study. Intervention: Using standardized methods, 1 trained tester performed 2 different HDDI measurements of standing lumbar flexion AROM on each subject. Each subject performed one repetition of AROM lumbar flexion per HDDI measurement. The HDDI measures differed in the process for placing the upper inclinometer, with one technique identifying the upper landmark by skilled palpation of the T12 spinous process and the other technique by measuring 15-cm cephalad to the S2 region landmark to approximate the location of the T12 spinous process. Main Outcome Measures: A dependent t test, Pearson correlation coefficient (r), the 95% limits of agreement, and Bland–Altman plots were used to examine agreement between the techniques. Results: Dependent t testing showed no significant differences between the techniques (mean difference = 1.2°, P = .11). A strong correlation existed between the 2 HDDI techniques (r = .80, P < .001). The Bland–Altman plot illustrated that 64 of the 69 data points were within the 95% limits of agreement for the 2 techniques. Conclusions: The findings suggest that HDDI measurements of lumbar flexion AROM are comparable when using either of the 2 HDDI techniques described. Clinicians can make an evidence-based choice for using either method of measuring lumbar flexion AROM.
Geologic evidence for an icehouse Earth before the Sturtian global glaciation
Authors: MacLennan Scott A. , Eddy Michael P. , Merschat Arthur J. , Mehra Akshay K. , Crockford Peter W. , Maloof Adam C. , Southworth C. Scott , Schoene Blair
Published: June 2020

Tropical glaciers imply that Earth was already cold before the first Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth.
Incomplete annotation has a disproportionate impact on our understanding of Mendelian and complex neurogenetic disorders
Authors: Zhang David , Guelfi Sebastian , Garcia-Ruiz Sonia , Costa Beatrice , Reynolds Regina H. , D’Sa Karishma , Liu Wenfei , Courtin Thomas , Peterson Amy , Jaffe Andrew E. , Hardy John , Botía Juan A. , Collado-Torres Leonardo , Ryten Mina
Published: June 2020

Incomplete annotation has the greatest impact on brain-specific genes and consequently, brain-related disorders.
Conditional expression of PfAP2-G for controlled massive sexual conversion in
Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Llorà-Batlle Oriol , Michel-Todó Lucas , Witmer Kathrin , Toda Haruka , Fernández-Becerra Carmen , Baum Jake , Cortés Alfred
Published: June 2020

A system for controlled sexual conversion of malaria parasites enables the characterization of early sexual stages.
Tunable structural color of bottlebrush block copolymers through direct-write 3D printing from solution
Authors: Patel Bijal B. , Walsh Dylan J. , Kim Do Hoon , Kwok Justin , Lee Byeongdu , Guironnet Damien , Diao Ying
Published: June 2020

Using direct-write 3D printing, we tune structural color of bottlebrush block copolymer photonics via kinetic trapping.
Projected 21st century changes in extreme wind-wave events
Authors: Meucci Alberto , Young Ian R. , Hemer Mark , Kirezci Ebru , Ranasinghe Roshanka
Published: June 2020

Extreme wind-wave events are changing and, by the end of the century, may increase by 5 to 10% over extensive ocean regions.
[NiFe], [FeFe], and [Fe] hydrogenase models from isomers
Authors: Ogo Seiji , Kishima Takahiro , Yatabe Takeshi , Miyazawa Keishi , Yamasaki Ryunosuke , Matsumoto Takahiro , Ando Tatsuya , Kikkawa Mitsuhiro , Isegawa Miho , Yoon Ki-Seok , Hayami Shinya
Published: June 2020

Three isomers of the same NiFe complex can mimic the catalytic properties of [NiFe], [FeFe], and [Fe] hydrogenase enzymes.
Transforming the spleen into a liver-like organ in vivo
Authors: Wang Lintao , Wang Chunming , Wang Zhenzhen , Gan Jingjing , Liu Chunyan , Xia Suhua , Niu Yiming , Chen Dianhua , Zhang Junfeng , Dong Lei
Published: June 2020

We successfully developed a liver-like organ from a stroma-engineered mouse spleen with implanted human liver cells.
Neutrophils preferentially phagocytose elongated particles—An opportunity for selective targeting in acute inflammatory diseases
Authors: Safari Hanieh , Kelley William J. , Saito Eiji , Kaczorowski Nicholas , Carethers Lauren , Shea Lonnie D. , Eniola-Adefeso Omolola
Published: June 2020

Neutrophils find rods more attractive than spheres.
Emilin 2 promotes the mechanical gradient of the cochlear basilar membrane and resolution of frequencies in sound
Authors: Russell Ian J. , Lukashkina Victoria A. , Levic Snezana , Cho Young-Wook , Lukashkin Andrei N. , Ng Lily , Forrest Douglas
Published: June 2020

A protein in the cochlear basilar membrane promotes frequency-specific mechanical responses and auditory frequency resolution.
Noninvasive, wearable, and tunable electromagnetic multisensing system for continuous glucose monitoring, mimicking vasculature anatomy
Authors: Hanna Jessica , Bteich Moussa , Tawk Youssef , Ramadan Ali H. , Dia Batoul , Asadallah Fatima A. , Eid Aline , Kanj Rouwaida , Costantine Joseph , Eid Assaad A.
Published: June 2020

A wearable, continuous electromagnetic sensing system provides 96% glucose estimation accuracy when tested on healthy individuals.
Real-time detection of single-molecule reaction by plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy
Authors: Li Chao-Yu , Duan Sai , Yi Jun , Wang Chen , Radjenovic Petar M. , Tian Zhong-Qun , Li Jian-Feng
Published: June 2020

Real-time detection of photo-induced bond cleavage of a single molecule was enabled by plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy.
A Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Reveals the Requirement of Host Cell Sulfation for Schmallenberg Virus Infection
Authors: Thamamongood Thiprampai , Aebischer Andrea , Wagner Valentina , Chang Max W. , Elling Roland , Benner Christopher , García-Sastre Adolfo , Kochs Georg , Beer Martin , Schwemmle Martin
Published: June 2020

SBV is a newly emerging orthobunyavirus (family
Peribunyaviridae
) that has spread rapidly across Europe since 2011, resulting in substantial economic losses in livestock farming. In this study, we performed unbiased genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening and identified PAPST1, a sulfotransferase encoded by
SLC35B2
, as a host entry factor for SBV. Consistent with its role in the synthesis of heparan sulfate, we show that this activity is required for efficient infection by SBV. A comparable dependency on heparan sulfate was also observed for La Crosse virus and Rift Valley fever virus, highlighting the importance of heparan sulfate for host cell infection by bunyaviruses. Thus, the present work provides crucial insights into virus-host interactions of important animal and human pathogens.
16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Profiling of Baby and Adult Captive Elephants in Thailand
Authors: Kandel Sangam , Sripiboon Supaphen , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Ussery David W. , Nookaew Intawat , Robeson Michael S. , Wongsurawat Thidathip
Published: June 2020

Here, we present a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence data set and profiles demonstrating the bacterial diversity of baby and adult elephants from four different geographical locations in Thailand. The dominant phyla among baby and adult elephants were
Bacteroidetes
,
Firmicutes
,
Proteobacteria
,
Kiritimatiellaeota
,
Euryarchaeota
, and
Tenericutes
.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Geobacillus thermoleovorans ARTRW1, Isolated from Armutlu Geothermal Spring, Turkey
Authors: Oztug Merve , Cebeci Anil , Mumcu Hande , Akgoz Muslum , Karaguler Nevin Gul
Published: June 2020

The thermophilic microorganism
Geobacillus thermoleovorans
ARTRW1 was isolated from water samples collected in the Armutlu hot spring in Turkey. Here, the whole-genome sequence and its annotations are reported.
Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of a Human Respirovirus 1 Strain from a Clinical Sample in Arizona
Authors: Scotch Matthew , Halden Rolf U. , Denton Anthony , Sandrolini Helen , Fontenele Rafaela S. , Varsani Arvind
Published: June 2020

Human respirovirus 1 is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus in the family
Paramyxoviridae
. Using a high-throughput metagenomic approach, we identified and sequenced the coding-complete genome of a human respirovirus 1 strain from a nasal pharyngeal swab sample from a local health clinic in Tempe, Arizona.
Retrobulbar chlorpromazine injection in a child with gliosarcoma invasion into the orbits
Authors: Jeng Franklin , Reynolds Andrew
Published: June 2020

This paper has two main purposes: (1) to report a rare case of paediatric gliosarcoma that invaded the surrounding orbit and (2) to demonstrate chlorpromazine injection as a potential treatment option for blind, painful eye caused by tumour invasion. A 12-year-old man who presented with headaches was found to have glioblastoma multiforme and it was excised and treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Seven months later, the tumour recurred as gliosarcoma, a rare variant of glioblastoma multiforme containing distinct gliomatous and sarcomatous components. In spite of treatment, the tumour progressed and eventually invaded into the right orbit. He subsequently developed a proptotic, blind, painful eye and was treated with retrobulbar chlorpromazine injection, which provided immediate symptomatic relief.
Pneumatosis intestinalis in COVID-19
Authors: Meini Simone , Zini Chiara , Passaleva Maria Teresa , Frullini Anna , Fusco Francesca , Carpi Roberto , Piani Fiorella
Published: June 2020

Introduction

COVID-19 is a respiratory illness due to novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), described in December 2019 in Wuhan (China) and rapidly evolved into a pandemic. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract can also be involved.

Case presentation

A 44-year-old man was hospitalised for COVID-19-associated pneumonia. A rapid recovery of respiratory and general symptoms was observed after 1 week of treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine and broad-spectrum antibiotics (piperacillin–tazobactam plus teicoplanin). No GI symptoms were reported during hospitalisation, but a lung contrast-enhancement CT (CE-CT) excluding thromboembolism showed, as collateral finding, intraperitoneal free bubbles not present on a previous CT examination; the subsequent abdominal CE-CT described pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) involving the caecum and the right colon. Ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole was started, and the 2-week follow-up CT showed the complete resolution of PI.

Discussion

The pathogenesis of PI is poorly understood. PI involving the caecum and right colon has been described for HIV and Cytomegalovirus infections, but, to our best knowledge, never before in COVID-19. We hypothesise a multifactorial aetiopathogenesis for PI, with a possible role of the bowel wall damage and microbiota impairment due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and we suggest a conservative management in the absence of symptoms.
Reliability of methods to estimate the fraction of inspired oxygen in patients with acute respiratory failure breathing through non-rebreather reservoir bag oxygen mask
Authors: Coudroy Rémi , Frat Jean-Pierre , Girault Christophe , Thille Arnaud W
Published: June 2020

Severity of hypoxaemia can be assessed using the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (FiO2). However, in patients breathing through non-rebreather reservoir bag oxygen mask, accuracy of bedside FiO2estimation methods remains to be tested. In a post-hoc analysis of a multicentre clinical trial, three FiO2estimation methods were compared with FiO2measured with a portable oxygen analyser introduced in the oxygen mask. Among 262 patients analysed, mean (SD) measured FiO2was 65% (13). The 3%-formula (21% + oxygen flow rate in L/min × 3) was the most accurate method to estimate FiO2. Other methods overestimated FiO2and hypoxaemia severity, so they should be avoided.
Hypernetwork science via high-order hypergraph walks
Authors: Aksoy Sinan G. , Joslyn Cliff , Ortiz Marrero Carlos , Praggastis Brenda , Purvine Emilie
Published: June 2020

We propose high-order hypergraph walks as a framework to generalize graph-based network science techniques to hypergraphs. Edge incidence in hypergraphs is quantitative, yielding hypergraph walks with both length and width. Graph methods which then generalize to hypergraphs include connected component analyses, graph distance-based metrics such as closeness centrality, and motif-based measures such as clustering coefficients. We apply high-order analogs of these methods to real world hypernetworks, and show they reveal nuanced and interpretable structure that cannot be detected by graph-based methods. Lastly, we apply three generative models to the data and find that basic hypergraph properties, such as density and degree distributions, do not necessarily control these new structural measurements. Our work demonstrates how analyses of hypergraph-structured data are richer when utilizing tools tailored to capture hypergraph-native phenomena, and suggests one possible avenue towards that end.