bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIVITAS METODE DRILL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DALAM KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEGAK BERSAMBUNG PADA TEMA 6 MERAWAT HEWAN DAN TUMBUHAN SUBTEMA 4 MERAWAT TUMBUHAN PESERTA DIDIK KELAS II SDN 2 KEDUNGGEBANG BANYUWANGI
Authors: Indriati Silvia , Satrijono Hari , Kurniasih Fitria
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the drill method on learning outcomes in cursive writing skills on theme 6 caring for animals and plants, sub-theme 4 caring for plants for second grade students of SDN 2 Kedunggebang Banyuwangi. This study used a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group research design. The research subjects were class IIA and class II B at SDN 2 Kedunggebang. Based on the results of research analyzed with the help of SPSS version 25, it shows that there is an effectiveness of the drill method on learning outcomes in cursive writing skills on theme 6 caring for animals and plants sub-theme 4 caring for plants for second grade students at SDN 2 Kedunggebang Banyuwangi as evidenced by tcount > ttable (5,453 >1,690). While the calculation of the relative effectiveness test was obtained at 57.48% and included in the category of moderate effectiveness.
Diagnóstico inicial de salud desde la farmacia comunitaria en el barrio de San Isidro de Granadilla de Abona (Tenerife)
Authors: Bee Nchama Nicolás Mba , Villafaina Barroso Antonio , Correa Magdalena Natalia , Rodríguez Delgado Leonor , Reyes Estévez Daniel , Vicente Cardoso Javier
Published: December 2022

Introducción: Este diagnóstico comunitario de salud surge de la necesidad de un conocimiento compartido del territorio, sus recursos, sus retos, con el objetivo de desarrollar una acción comunitaria para la salud desde una farmacia.

Métodos: Se ha realizado un inventario de recursos comunitarios categorizados en: territoriales, sanitarios, sociales, económicos, educativos, culturales y de ocio y asociativos; y 31 entrevistas semiestructuradas a 68 personas que integran instituciones, ONG o asociaciones vecinales.

Resultados: Se presenta resumen de la guía de recursos, que tienden a concentrarse en torno a la avenida Santa Cruz. Los resultados iniciales del diagnóstico comunitario presentados muestran un barrio donde las desigualdades en salud tienen un peso importante, con problemas estructurales en relación con distintos determinantes de la salud.

Discusión: El proceso ha generado relaciones de colaboración en materia de promoción de la salud en el territorio. El Ayuntamiento de Granadilla de Abona ha mostrado su voluntad de extender la iniciativa al resto del municipio. Es necesario mejorar la participación en salud de los y las pacientes en espacios de construcción compartida e incluir técnicas como el análisis del discurso y análisis de contenido.

Palabras clave: acción comunitaria para la salud, diagnóstico participativo, farmacia comunitaria, recursos comunitarios.
Arap Baharı Sonrası Türkiye'nin Ortadoğu Politikası
Authors: Saylık Muhammed İkbal
Published: December 2022

Uluslararası kamuoyunda, son yıllarda giderek artan bir doz ve sıklıkta, Türkiye’nin genelde 2002, özellikle de Arap Baharı sonrasında izlediği dış politikanın revizyonist bir karakter taşıdığı, Türkiye’nin revizyonist bir gündemi takip ettiği, Osmanlı’yı yeniden ihya etmek gibi bir amaç taşıdığı öne sürülmektedir. Bu iddialara dayanak olarak da Türkiye’nin komşu ülkelerde giriştiği sınır ötesi askeri operasyonlar, Suriye’deki iç savaşa bir dönem aktif ve yoğun bir şekilde müdahil oluşu, bölgede yaşanan bir takım silahlı ihtilaflara taraf olması, Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika’da askeri üsler kurması, son dönemlerde yerli savunma sanayisi alanında büyük yatırımlar yapıyor oluşu, Doğu Akdeniz’de komşuları ve uluslararası toplumla karşı karşıya gelme pahasına enerji kaynakları arama ve sondaj çalışmaları yapmasını göstermektedirler.

Ancak Türkiye’nin bölgede gerçekleştirdiği askeri ve ekonomik faaliyet çalışmaları revizyonist olarak betimlemek doğru bir yaklaşım olmayacaktır. Makalede ayrıntılı olarak ele alındığı gibi bu çalışma ve faaliyetlerin tek amacı 2003 yılında Irak’ın işgali ve 2010 yılı sonunda yaşanan Arap Baharı sürecinin ardından ortaya çıkan Türkiye’ye yönelik terör tehditlerini bizzat kaynağında bertaraf etmek, terör koridorları gibi oluşumları ortadan kaldırarak ülke sınırlarının güvenliğini güvence altına almak, sınır içinde ve sınırların dışındaki ekonomik ve siyasi çıkarlarını koruyarak ülkenin karşılaşabileceği zararları asgariye indirmektir. Ayrıca Türkiye’nin geçmişten bugüne kadar bölgede mevcut statükoyu korumaya yönelik olarak izlediği siyaset ve komşularının toprak bütünlüğünü her platformda dile getirmesi, Batılı kaynaklarca dile getirilen revizyonist dış politika söylemlerini boşa çıkarmaktadır.
Zilhicce Ayı Orucu ile İlgili Rivayetlerin Tahlili
Authors: Kaya Hüsamettin
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada, Hz. Peygamber’in zilhicce ayının ilk dokuz gününde oruç tuttuğuna dair rivayetler ele alınmıştır. Ele alınan bu rivayetler mühtevaları itibari ile üç grupta incelenmiştir. Birinci gurp hadisi, Hz. Aişe > Esved > İbrahim tarikiyle nakledilen“Hz. Peygamber’in zilhiccenin ilk on gününde oruç tuttuğunu hiç görmedim.” rivayeti oluşturmaktadır. İkinci grupta ise Hz. Peygamber’in bazı eşleri >Hüneyde b. Halid’in eşi > Hüneyde b. Halid ve Muaz b. Muaz > İbn Avn olmak üzere iki farklı tarikile nakledilen “Resulüllah (s.a.v) zilhicce ayında dokuz gün, aşure günü, her aydan üç gün, Pazertesi ve Perşembe günleri oruç tutardı.” hadisi değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü grupta da Ebu Hüreyre > Said b. Musayyeb > Kâtade ve Hasan > Hişam > Süleyman > Cafer kanalları olmak üzere farklı iki tarikle rivayet edilen “Allah Teala’nın yanında zilhiccenin ilk on gününde yapılan ibadet kadar değerli hiçbir gün yoktur. Bu günlerde tutulan bir günlük oruç bir seneye ve içinde kadir gecesi olan bir geceye denktir” hadisi ele alınmıştır. Dolayısıyla tutarlı bir neticeye ulaşabilmek için öncelikle bahsi geçen konuya dair bütün rivayetler bir araya getirilip değerlendirilmiştir. Rivayetler arasında anlam bakımından var olan çelişçiler izah edilmiş ve sahih tarikler dikkate alınarak zilhicce ayı orucuna ilişkin ortak bit metne ulaşılmıştır
Paulo Freire e a educação na infância em sete categorias que se complementam
Authors: Mafra Jason Ferreira , Silva e Silva José Walter , Mota Gustavo
Published: December 2022

Conhecido e reconhecido como uma das mais relevantes produções do Século XX para o campo pedagógico, o legado teórico-metodológico de Paulo Freire foi discutido até o final dos anos de 1990, prioritariamente, no âmbito da educação de pessoas jovens e adultas. Todavia, com a redescoberta e expansão de suas ideias, desde o início da primeira década do século XXI, o trabalho do eminente educador e pensador brasileiro tem sido problematizado em diferentes áreas do conhecimento e incorporado como referência teórico-prática por uma infinidade de movimentos sociais crítico-humanistas. Nesse mesmo período, a infância tem sido uma das modalidades mais destacadas na renovação pedagógica ao encontrar nos subsídios freirianos importantes aportes conceituais e práticos para o fazer cotidiano educacional, nessa etapa tão fundamental da educação. Com o propósito de contribuir para esse debate, a presente reflexão elegeu sete categorias freirianas que, dentre outras, ajudam a entender tanto o processo ontológico quanto o processo de aprendizagem nos primeiros anos, seja no mundo da escola, seja fora do ambiente escolar. Esperança/utopia, amorosidade, diálogo, leitura do mundo, inconclusão, ingenuidade e curiosidade são alguns dos aportes conceituais centrais que, discutidos aqui a partir do legado freiriano, contribuem para os fundamentos de uma práxis radicalmente emancipadora desde a infância.
Acceptance of Interest-Free Banking among Small and Medium Enterprises: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Garba Murtala , Hafiz Usman Ahmed
Published: December 2022

Interest-free banking in Nigeria is evolving, which is supposed to be solid and ready to compete with conventional commercial banks that have dominated the market for more than a century. SMEs had difficulty in getting the funding they required to grow. The study examines the determinants of SMEs' acceptance of interest-free banking in Nigeria. The study used purposive sampling and adapted a questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 323 SMEs registered with the Small and Medium Enterprise Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN). A structural equation modelling via analysis of moment structures (SEM-AMOS) was used for data analysis and hypotheses testing. The study found a significant positive relationship between SME owners' religion, financing opportunities and acceptance of interest-free banking. The study also finds a positive but insignificant effect of a service cost on the acceptance of interest-free banking. Knowing the drivers of SMEs' acceptance of interest-free banking could guide banks' marketing strategies to compete with other types of banks in the industry. The study recommends that interest-free banks ensure the provision of products and services that comply with the religion of their existing and potential customers.
Relationship between Destination Image, Transport Infrastructure and Revisit Intention: Regression Analysis
Authors: Mehedi Masud Mohammad , Yusof Yusnita , Khan Md Sazzad
Published: December 2022

The goal of tourism has several advantages, including offering novel experiences and fostering intercultural understanding. However, tourism also has drawbacks, such as overdevelopment and ecosystem deterioration. Different factors prompt tourists to revisit a destination more frequently than others. These factors can be divided into physical and social factors. Physical elements could include a destination's image and transportation infrastructure. Social aspects may consist of how welcoming the residents are. Thus, this study explored the relationship between destination image, transport infrastructure and tourist revisit intention. A quantitative method was used for this study, and the data were collected through questionnaires from the tourists. Three hundred sixty-three respondents were used for the survey; the sample was drawn using a simple random sampling procedure. Two hypotheses were developed and tested. The researchers hypothesised that destination image positively affects revisit intention and transport infrastructure positively affects revisit intention. The data were analysed using regression analysis. The results showed that destination image significantly positively affected revisit intention. The study also found that transport infrastructure significantly positively affected revisit intention. The result of this study would inspire the government, policymakers, and tourist management to develop a customised responsiveness program. The findings will also help tourism stakeholders comprehend tourist perception and why travellers resist.
Multi-Criteria Preference Vector Method (PVM) as a Tool Supporting the Decision Making Process
Authors: Nermend Kesra
Published: December 2022

The paper presents the theoretical foundations of Preference Vector Method (PVM). It is the development of methods used by the Polish school and can be used in the decision making process. The ranking of objects according to a decision-maker preferences is performed on the basis of a combination of two methods for construction aggregate measures: Hellwig method, in which the Euclidean distance is used and the vector measures construction method (VMCM), which uses a vector projection.
Twisted Turnpike in the Non-Stationary Gale Economy. Part I
Authors: Panek Emil
Published: December 2022

In the reference to papers Panek (2013, 2014a) we present the so called “weak” version of the twisted turnpike in the non-stationary Gale economy. A geometrical representation of such twisted turnpike is a curve in the state-space, which is a counterpart of von Neumann ray in a stationary Gale economy.
The Proposal for the Procedure Supporting Selection of a Linear Ordering Method
Authors: Kukuła Karol , Luty Lidia
Published: December 2022

In this paper there was analyzed the issue of the selection of linear ordering method based on synthetic variable. The research of the status of waste management in Polish voivodeships in 2012 showed that selection procedures for the construction of synthetic variable affects the ranking of the objects under investigation. In the paper authors proposed a method supporting decision to select linear ordering procedure based on between ranking linear comparison measure (Kukuła, 1989). The choice of ordering methods with the use of the proposed procedure, of course, depends largely on the output of the set of ordering procedures. The test results indicate that there is no universal method.
The Role of Polish Statisticians in the International Statistical Institute
Authors: Domański Czesław
Published: December 2022

The article is a characteristic of the development of statistics with emphasis on the contribution made by Polish statisticians. The origins of Polish statistics go back to 17th century when the king’s secretary worked out a formula of presenting crop estimates and published his findings. These and other works are presented in the chapter devoted to the achievements of Polish statisticians before founding International Statistical Institutes. In the following chapters the achievements of international statistical congresses are presented starting from the Brussels Congress in 1853 and ending with the World Statistics Congress in 2015. This article presents only some of the works of Polish statisticians made for the part of the International Statistical Institute. It seems that there is a necessity for presenting the works of Polish statisticians in the most important statistical institute more thoroughly, because it is our duty to foster their achievements.
Indirect Praetorianism: the Case of Turkey's Military
Authors: Shpak Valerij
Published: December 2022

Based on a case analysis of the Turkish military interfering on 27 April 2007 in the presidential elections, the article seeks to analyse the mechanisms of indirect interventions and contribute a new perspective to the analysis of praetorianism. The study found that the military intervention that took the shape of an e-memorandum of 27 April 2007 was a form of veto coup that is often used by the guardian-type military. In this paper, the subjects of direct non-violent intervention, their methods, as well as negative consequences for the military environment have been identified. The presented analysis of modern forms of praetorianism focuses on such forms of indirect actions of the military in which it is difficult to identify the interests of the military or see an increase in its political influence.
Gale’s Economy Model with Changeable Technology, Increasing Production Efficiency and Particular Form of the Growth Criterion. “Weak” Turnpike Effect
Authors: Panek Emil
Published: December 2022

In reference to papers Panek (2014a, 2014b) we proved the so called „weak” version of the turnpike theorem in the non-stationary model of economic dynamics of the Gale type with the criterion of maximization of the production value, measured in von Neumann’s prices and with the fi xed economy horizon T = {0,1, ..., t1}. In the proof of the theorem the effi ciency of the economy and its increasing technological effi ciency on the turnpike play both signifi cant roles.
Simulation Analysis of the Size of the BDS Test
Authors: Orzeszko Witold
Published: December 2022

The BDS test is one of the most important and most commonly used tools for detection of nonlinearity in time series. In the paper, the size of the BDS test is assessed using Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation uses pseudo-random series of different length, generated from seven distributions with different properties. In the research, the approximation of the fi nite sample distribution of the BDS statistic was performed using three methods: the classical one – based on the asymptotic normal distribution and two resampling methods: the bootstrap and the permutation technique.
Selected problems of contemporary tactics of tank subunits
Authors: Kunz Adam
Published: December 2022

The article addresses issues pertaining to the conduct of march, defence and assault by a platoon and a company of tanks. It indicates areas of the current tactical regulations of the land forces requiring development in the field of tactics of tank subunits. Furthermore, the paper presents possible tactical procedures resulting from the analysis of contemporary conflicts, literature and experience of lecturers and subunit commanders.
Current state and the concept of a modern platform for chemical, biological and radioactive decontamination
Authors: Harmata Władysław
Published: December 2022

The paper addresses decontamination as a system of troop protection in the event of a risk of contamination in functional and task terms. It presents the analysis of technical equipment and decontamination procedures in the Polish Armed Forces and NATO. The concept of a modern platform for liquidation of chemical, biological and radioactive contamination has been described.
Diplomacy in the context of international security – retrospection and present day
Authors: Kroczak Martyna
Published: December 2022

The research conducted for this article aimed to explore the development of diplomacy (the research subject) over the years in the context of its influence on international security.
The paper characterizes diplomacy and explores its development, including examples of international security activities undertaken by the international community applying diplomacy.
The analysis of Polish and foreign literature sources and domestic and international law acts, with the use of content analysis technique, was employed as a research method.
Information security as part of Poland’s security
Authors: Marczyk Maciej , Błachut Marek
Published: December 2022

Dynamic advances in technology as well as information and communication entail many new threats to the functioning of the Polish state, its citizens, as well as to the international community. These are mainly the dangers of using information networks and information systems. For this reason, particular importance is given to ensuring information security which combines procedures and tools for the protection of classified information, data and network systems. Information security has now become one of the most sensitive trans-sectoral areas of national security, having an impact on the efficiency of Poland’s entire security system. This is about information security, ICT security and cybersecurity.
The paper aims to analyse the issue of information security as part of the security area of the Republic of Poland. The issue was raised because of its importance and topicality, as recently there has been an increase in cyber-terrorist activity and a growing number of media reports on attacks on information systems, targeting the critical infrastructure of states. Information security risks pose a real threat and loss of information can lead to a violation of the vital interests of various entities and a compromise of people’s safety and fundamental values of social life.
Genetic diversity of milk protein beta-lactoglobulin and association with production traits genomic values among Holstein cattle
Authors: MORKÛNIENË K , MICEIKIENË I , KERZIENË S , BIZIENË R , MISEIKIENË R
Published: December 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of beta-lactoglobulin genotypes in Lithuanian Holstein dairy cattle population and to identify possible synergies between the different genotypes of beta-lactoglobulin and genomically predicted values for milk production traits. DNA samples were collected from Holstein cattle (147) and bovine beta-lactoglobulin gene polymorphism study was performed by PCR-RFLP method. A allele was identified with frequency 0.456, B allele, which can be used to carry out selection to improve milk processing properties, was found with 0.544 frequency. Three genotypes, viz. AA, AB, BB at different frequencies were identified. The biggest influence on the milk processing properties having BB genotype was found in 27.3% of the cows. Beta-lactoglobulin AA genotype cows had higher average genomic values for milk yield, while BB genotype cows had higher average genomic values for milk protein percentage, the differences have found statistically significant. Dispersion analysis showed that beta-lactoglobulin genotype influences 8.4% of milk amount genetic variation, 1.2% of milk protein amount genetic variation and 20.6% of milk protein percent genetic variation. Lithuanian Holstein cows population had higher average genomic prediction values for milk yield, milk protein amount and milk percentage than average genomic values of Igenity reference animal group. The existence of the most important genotype BB of beta-lactoglobulin for milk manufacturing properties, in studied population increases the possibility of selecting cows according to milk protein polymorphism, and could be economically important selection criteria for dairy herds designated for industrial milk production.
Behavioural response of crossbred (Landrace × Desi) pigs under different floor space allowances
Authors: KASWAN SANDEEP , PATEL B H M , MONDAL S K , KUMAR SANJAY
Published: December 2022

Present investigation was carried out to study the behaviour of pigs at 33 and 50% reduced floor space allowances in relation to Indian standards (IS: 3916-1966) for housing of pigs. Crossbred (Landrace × Desi) barrows (36) were reared with 3 different floor space allowances (n = 4 (group size) × 3 (replications) = 12 each) i.e. group TIS (control) had floor space allowance as per Indian standards, while T2/3 and T1/2 treatment groups had 33 and 50% reduced floor space allocation per pig. Accordingly, during weaner (6–14 weeks), grower (15–22 weeks) and finisher (23–28 weeks) stages, 3 different floor spaces were provided. During each growth stage (weaner/grower/ finisher), activities of each unit (consisting of 4 animals) were recorded thrice in sessions of 2 consecutive hours (an hour before (preprandial) and after (prandial and postprandial) offering of second meal in afternoon). Total time spent in agonistic activities did not differ among the groups. However, parallel pressing agonistic activity was more in T1/2 group during grower and finisher stages at prandial and postprandial time while in TIS group during weaner stage at preprandial time. Time spent resting was higher in TIS group at prandial and postprandial time during weaner stage while it was higher in T2/3 group during grower stage. Exploratory activities and social interactions were maximum in T2/3 group during weaner and finisher stages and differed significantly from T1/2 group. From behavioural response, it can be concluded that suitable floor space allowance should lie in between 33 to 50% reduction in relation to IS specifications.
Impact of environmental trend in relation to genotypic and phenotypic trend on traits of economic interest in Kankrej cattle
Authors: GUPTA J P , PRAJAPATI B M , CHAUDHARI J D , PANDEY D P , PANCHASARA H H , PRAJAPATI K B
Published: December 2022

Indiscriminate selection of animals in order to enhance milk production has led to less attention to other traits important in dairying, viz. reproduction; owing to negative association. The production and reproduction records of total 403 Kankrej cows maintained at Livestock Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, over a period of 35 years from 1979 to 2013, were analyzed to study the production and reproduction traits, viz. 305 day milk yield (305 MY), lactation length (LL), dry period (DP), age at first calving (AFC) and service period (SP). The data were used to investigate the effect of environmental factors as well as estimation of genetic parameters of production and reproduction traits. Genetic, phenotypic and environmental trends were estimated to assess the breeding programme undergoing in the Kankrej herd over the years. The average performance of traits under study was obtained as 2128.64 kg, 282.60 days, 146.13 days, 1366.90 days and 158.06 days for 305 MY, LL, DP, AFC and SP, respectively. The heritability estimates obtained for these traits were 0.31, 0.17, 0.16, 0.05 and 0.96 for 305 MY, LL, DP, SP and AFC respectively. The estimated phenotypic and genetic trends were 7.66 and 23.10 Kg for 305 MY, â€“0.007 and â€“0.61 days for LL, 0.022, and â€“0.032 days for DP, â€“4.53 and â€“11.89 days for AFC and â€“0.07 and â€“1.61 days for SP, respectively. The results revealed that great improvement in Kankrej herd has been achieved in last 35 years. However, there is further scope of genetic improvement. Designed genetic programme has had great impact on improvement of milk production and AFC but very less impact on the reproductive traits.
Development and testing of potential indicators for evaluation of dairy production systems
Authors: PATEL DIKSHA , PONNUSAMY K , SENDHIL R
Published: December 2022

The present study classified the dairy production system of India based on its functional dynamism. The extent of functional dynamism of dairy sector in different states of India was determined using composite dairy production system index which was developed on the basis of optimum combination of 26 indicators by the method of principal component analysis. Twenty states which have major contribution in overall milk production of the country were selected and delineated into three categories, viz. dynamic, transient and subsistence dairy production systems. As per the indices score, the dairy production system of Kerala, Punjab, Goa, Haryana, Gujarat and Rajasthan were delineated as dynamic dairy production system. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, were categorized as transient dairy production system while Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand states were grouped as subsistence dairy production system. The study implicates the necessity for increasing the milk production and productivity of bovines in West Bengal, Odisha and Goa by genetic improvement through crossbreeding, selective breeding and upgradation programmes. Increasing the area under fodder and pastures as well as fodder availability need further focus in Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar. States like Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand need impetus in improving their veterinary infrastructure. Development of organized milk marketing and value addition network would further strengthen the dairy sector in all the states. Policy makers should concentrate on state-centric interventions to bring more dynamism in the dairy production system on the basis of identified gaps.
Då skjermen vart redninga
Authors: Pileberg Silje
Published: December 2022

Pandemien kasta oss ut i uvisse, også i terapien. Suicidologi har intervjua fire behandlarar om deira erfaringar meddigital behandling.
Kartleggingssystemet: Olafprisen 2022 har blitt delt ut
Authors: UiO NSSF
Published: December 2022

6. september 2022 ble Olafprisen tildelt Nasjonalt kartleggingssystem for selvmord i psykisk helsevern og tverrfagligspesialisert rusbehandling.
Kjære leser
Authors: Mehlum Lars
Published: December 2022

Selv om de fleste er inderlig lei av Covid-19 og alt den har ført med seg av innskrenkninger i helse, velferd og frihet, ville det nok være uklokt av oss å anta at pandemien helt er overstått. Alt tyder på at vi må leve med dette viruset i lang tid enda. Men etter hvert som tiden har gått er det mulig for oss å få et bedre overblikk over hva vi har lært, på godt og vondt, gjennom de siste 2-3 år med denne smittsomme sykdommen. I starten av pandemien var det mange som fryktet at nedstengninger av samfunnet, sosial og fysisk distansering og reduserte tilbud og tjenester innenfor psykisk helse- og rus- og avhengighetsfeltet ville medføre en økning i selvmordsratene. Nå ser vi at dette ikke skjedde, verken i Norge eller i mange land vi ofte sammenlikner oss med. Dette kan blant annet henge sammen med at det sosiale samholdet blant folk fortsatt var sterkt og at for dem som opplevde utenforskap, var situasjonen ikke blitt verre. Det kan også henge sammen med massiv innsats fra myndigheter, helsevesen og utallige enkeltmennesker for å redusere skadevirkningene. Det er samtidig viktig å huske at selvmordsraten er en variabel på høyt aggregert nivå; den fanger ikke opp hvordan det går med alle enkeltmenneskene – der kan historien være en helt annen. I dette nummeret av Suicidologi bringer vi en serie med artikler som fokuserer på forskjellige utfordringer som grupper og individer har møtt under pandemien og hvilke erfaringer de har gjort seg. Pandemien var, og er fortsatt, en krise og under krisetilstander kan mye gå galt. Men vi kan også anspores til innsats og til nytenkning, slik at vi finner løsninger på både nye og gamle problemer. Og det skylder vi vel alle dem som har hatt det særlig vanskelig under pandemien; å lære av det som skjedde og være bedre rustet til innsats i fremtiden.
UKRAINE’S MONETARY POLICY EFFECTIVENESS UNDER WAR
Authors:   State Organization “Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine”, Shapoval Yuliia
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Notwithstanding the Ukrainian banking system's resilience under war, there are devaluation and inflation pressures. In turn, monetary policy is found to be vital to combat drastic GDP decline and FX reserve depletion. Materials and methods. In an attempt to examine the effectiveness of the NBU's (National bank of Ukraine) monetary policy, the article employs comparative and statistical analysis of its instruments based on data regarding dynamics of key and other interest rates (deposits, loans, certificate of deposits, refinancing, DGBs), volumes of foreign exchange interventions and international reserves, DGBs. Results and discussion. This paper summarises the fundamental changes in monetary policy since the beginning of the full-scale war. The findings demonstrate a shift from the policy priority of inflation targeting and a freely floating exchange rate in favour of monetary financing of the budget deficit. At the same time, the devaluation of the national currency is restrained mainly at the expense of international credit and grant funds, which makes it possible to cover the losses of the NBU's FX reserves to support the exchange rate and carry out additional money issuance. The results show that under the war, the NBU's monetary policy is effective in limiting devaluation processes due to the timely introduction of a fixed exchange rate, strengthening of currency restrictions and their further adjustment. However, due to the increase in the discount rate and the corresponding increase in interest rates on certificates of deposit and refinancing and a slight increase in deposits, DGBs did not restrain inflation due to the lack of alternative monetary financing of the budget deficit. Further focus exclusively on the inflation targeting regime does not meet the current tasks of monetary policy and thereby reduces its effectiveness. The current budget dependence on monetary financing requires optimising monetary expansion measures in order to flow the issuing money from the military to the consumer market. Conclusions. The effectiveness of inflation targeting with limited monetary policy transmission indicates that the NBU should focus on other goals equally crucial to maintaining price stability, such as limiting exchange rate fluctuations and monetary financing for economic growth. In post-war recovery, the monetary policy direction solely on inflation targeting will remain inappropriate, given the mainly non-monetary factors of inflation.
SISTEMA DE TRAZABILIDAD EN LA CADENA DE SUMINISTRO DE MALANGA EN VERACRUZ, MÉXICO: PROSPECTIVA
Authors: Villanueva de la Cruz Noemi , Soto Estrada Alejandra , Arvizu Barron Ezequiel , Asiain Hoyos Alberto , Leos Rodroguez Juan Antonio
Published: December 2022

Background. Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) is an economical import crop in Actopan, Veracruz, since it is exported to the United States of America (USA) and Canada. In Mexico, there is no regulation to implement traceability systems in agricultural products. Objective. To propose a traceability system in the supply chain of taro produced in Veracruz. Methodology. A questionnaire was designed to obtain information related to the production process; a second questionnaire asked about the packaging information; twenty-four producers and eight packinghouse managers were interviewed. Results and discussion. Producers have been growing taro for 10 years, they do not have any specific planting season and grow the variety Coco. No soil analysis is performed, irrigation is by flooding and the main pest is the mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus). Each producer makes an agreement with a packing house; the company performs the harvesting and then the packaging process. Wooden pallets are used for packaging; each pallet piles up 60 sacks of 18 kg of taro. Implications. The traceability model for the Mexican taro could be adapted to the traditional way of production in Mexico to increase competitiveness. Conclusions. The shipping label contains scarce information about the origin of the product. Links of the supply chain were identified and a traceability model for taro is proposed for first time.
FECHA DE CORTE SOBRE LA PRODUCTIVIDAD, TASA DE CRECIMIENTO Y COMPOSICIÓN BOTÁNICA DE LEGUMINOSAS ASOCIADAS CON GRAMÍNEAS
Authors: Tilus G. , Joseph M. , Chay Canul Alfonso Juventino , Santillano-Cazares J. , Ail C.E. , Casanova-Lugo F.
Published: December 2022

Background. The association of legumes with grasses improves the quality of the diet as well as the protein value, increases productivity, allows savings in nitrogen fertilizer and maintains the proportion of the botanical components of the meadow. The cutting date affects the productive behavior of the forages species in temperate, arid and semi-arid climate zones. Therefore, it is important to continue evaluating established grassland with legumes associated with grasses to generate information that will serve producers and increase the economic profitability of livestock activities. Objective. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cutting date on dry matter production (PMD), growth rate (RG), botanical composition (BC), as well as relationships between RG and PMD and BC and PMD. Hypothesis. It is evident that the cutting date modifies the PMD, RG, as well as the relationship between RG and BC with PMD, but has no influence on BC. Methodology. Meadows irrigated with Trifolium alexandrinum L. associated Lolium multiflorum Lam. of a proportion of 40:60 sowing seeds, respectively subject to eight cutting dates (treatments): T1 = 90 to 97 days elapsed between the sowing date and the first cut (DTS-PC), T2: 97 to 104 DTS-PC, T3: 104 to 111 DTS-PC, T4: 111 to 118 DTS-PC, T5: 118 to 125 DTS-PC, T6: 125 to 132 DTS-PC, T7: 132 to 139 DTS-PC and T8: 139 to 146 DTS-PC, under a randomized complete blocks design with four replicates. The trend of the factor under study (cutoff date) on the response variables was determined using orthogonal polynomials. Results. The DTS-PC caused a linear positive effect (P <0.001) of the evaluated species on the PMD and RG, observing that increasing the DTS-PC increased the PMD. (P = 0.0001). In contrast, no significant differences (P> 0.05) were observed in the BC. Regardless of the DTS-PC, the legume as T. alexandrinum contributed 64 % of the biomass, these percentages were determined dividing the PMD of T. alexandrinum by the PMD of L. multiflorum added with that of dead material and weeds. There was an effect of the DTS-PC on the relationship of RG:PMD (linear effect, P <0.01), while for the ratio relationships BC:PMD only a linear decrease was presented (P <0.01) at increasing the DTS-PC.  Implications. The results of the present study contribute to knowing the productive parameters of a grass established with legume-grass in temperate, arid and semi-arid climate zones to improve the production of meat and milk. Conclusions. The elevation of the cutting date increased the PMD, but has an inverse effect for the relationships BC:PMD, as well as RG:PMD of each species.  The highest RG was found at 97-104 DTS-PC for the evaluated species and dead material.
SECAMIENTO DE Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov POR LA CHINCHE DE LOS PASTOS Blissus leucopterus Say EN EL SUR DE VERACRUZ
Authors: Salinas-Castro Alejandro , Guzmán-López Oswaldo , Vásquez-Torres Alondra
Published: December 2022

Background: Damage that causes the drying out of grasses of the species Pennisetum clandestinum was reported in the south of Veracruz, which results in economic losses in the livestock sector. Objective: To taxonomically identify the bug species that causes the drying out of P. clandestinum. Methodology: We collected grass bugs across a surface of twenty hectares with an entomological net. The insects were placed in containers with 70% alcohol and were subsequently quantified. We performed the taxonomic identification under a stereo microscope by observing the morphological characteristics and comparing them with those described in the literature. We dissected the abdomen of the insects in order to extract the male and female genitalia.  Results. The presence of the chinch bug Blissus leucopterus Say was confirmed in the grasses based on the taxonomic characteristics of the adults and the genitalia, as well as on the shape of the male parameres and aedeagus. The chinch bug caused characteristic damage to the grasses, such as stunted growth, yellowing, spotted wilt, and necrotic lesions. Implications. A correct identification of the insect will allow the implementation of appropriate management strategies. Conclusion. The chinch bug B. leucopterus Say was taxonomically identified, this plague is responsible of the drying out of P. clandestinum in Hidalgotitlan, Veracruz.
EVALUATION OF CATTLE OVARIES AND FOLLICLES BY HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS FOR POTENTIAL IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF EMBRYOS IN TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Mahzabin Rumana , Khandoker M.A.M. Yahia , Sakhawat Husain Syed , Islam Md. Rafikul , Jahan Shathi Sharmin , Habib Md. Rezwanul , Vargas-Bello-Perez Einar
Published: December 2022

Background. Reproduction is important in animal production, and follicle evaluation is a remarkable reproductive aspect by which ovaries can be accurately evaluated since ovarian follicles are the organ's functional units and each contain an oocyte and related somatic cells. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the abattoir cattle ovaries and follicles for potential in vitro production of embryos. Methodology. Ovaries were collected and categorized based on the presence of corpus luteum (CL; with or without). Thereafter, ovaries were processed and follicles were counted through naked eye estimation as well histologically. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure in SAS. Also, relationships between follicles in both types of ovaries were calculated using Pearson correlations. Results. From a total of sixteen cattle ovaries, 62.5% had absence of CL whereas 37.5% ovaries had CL. Regarding morphometric measurements, ovaries with CL were 48% higher (P < 0.05) in weight than those ovaries without CL. Correlations between length and weight in ovaries without CL were high (r= 0.87) and, diameter and weight in ovaries with CL were low (r= 0.41). Results exposed that the amount of follicles with 2-6 mm diameter were significantly (P < 0.05) higher (61% more) in ovaries without CL compared to those with CL. Primary and secondary follicles presence were higher (P < 0.05) in ovaries without CL (120% more) than in those with CL (89%). Greater (P < 0.05) numbers of normal and lower (P < 0.05) amount of degenerated follicles were found in ovaries without CL. Implications. Overall, our data suggest that ovaries without CL are a potential source for quality follicles and this study provides new insights that may serve as the baseline information to produce high-quality oocyte with potential use for in vitro production of tropical cattle. Conclusions. This study corroborated that CL influences growth and development of the follicles and cell degeneration. As a result, the developmental competence of oocytes and embryo production will be negatively affected by the ovaries with CL. Ovaries without CL will provide quality follicles and cumulus-oocyte complexes.
SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE YUNGAÑAN RIVER MICRO-BASIN IN THE ECUADORIAN ANDES
Authors: Jacome Emerson Javier , Rodríguez Berrio Alexander , Hernández Maqueda Rafael
Published: December 2022

Background. As a strategy to design actions aimed at sustainable development at the local level, it is necessary to carry out a thorough diagnosis of the social, economic and environmental dimensions that affect the sustainability of a community. Objective. With that in mind, this research evaluated the sustainability of the natural resource management of the productive units in the Yungañan River micro-basin in the Ecuadorian Andes in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their actions as well as the possible internal differences between the different management systems. Methodology. For the execution of this work, 25 indicators were developed in a participatory manner, organized into 8 attributes that respond to the social, economic and environmental dimensions, following the methodology proposed by Sarandón (2002). These indicators were evaluated in the field through interviews and the results were weighted on a scale of 0 to 4 for analysis. In order to verify similarities and differences between the different productive units, a cluster analysis was carried out and a t-test was performed to verify significant differences between the indicators evaluated. Results. If we consider each dimension analyzed, the economic dimension reached an average value of 2.14, the social dimension 1.65 and the environmental dimension 1.80. Consequently, the average of all the indicators measured through the General Sustainability Index (GSI) was 1.86, which indicates deficient sustainability in the sector, with critical values for the social and environmental dimensions. With respect to internal differences, two groups were identified that were mainly conditioned by differences in the economic dimension. Implications. The main aspects to be addressed in the sector to improve its sustainability were identified and the usefulness of the methodology employed for studies of similar characteristics was highlighted. Conclusions. In order to design an effective strategy for the community’s development, the strengths detected in this study must be taken into account, such as the relatively efficient management of the community’s crops, and weaknesses, such as the lack of technical training, the lack of association and the difficulties of access to the sector, as well as the internal differences detected between the different productive units.
A Digital Economy Perspective: Research on Legal Issues of Fintech Regulation
Authors: Lei Yucheng
Published: December 2022

The Internet digital economy is reshaping the global financial system with an irreversible trend, driving the transformation and development of financial technology. Due to the professional complexity and cross-border integration of financial technology, while improving the efficiency of traditional financial operations and reducing financial transaction costs, it also poses new challenges to Chinese regulatory authorities. In view of this, it is necessary to understand the development status of financial technology, clarify the regulatory subjects and principles of financial technology supervision, and sort out and summarize the existing regulatory model and its shortcomings. Finally, I will give advice on the problems existing in the practice of financial technology supervision, and theoretical support is put forward for improving the legal system of financial supervision, so as to promote the healthy development of financial technology.
The Problems and Strategies of Life Insurance Marketing in China
Authors: Feng Fangyan
Published: December 2022

With the rapid development of economy and the continuous improvement of people’s material living standards, social production and life have entered the stage of prosperity. While focusing on improving the quality of life, people have also strengthened their awareness of hardship and crisis. Life insurance plays an increasingly important role in people’s lives in China. The marketing models and strategies of life insurance are constantly innovating and developing, which is both an opportunity and a challenge for China’s life insurance industry. With the continuous development of China’s insurance industry, insurance has been widely known to the public, and life insurance, as the most directly related product to people’s health, survival, and development, has gradually penetrated into people’s lives. However, in the life insurance marketing link, there are still some problems that customers are not completely satisfied with. Therefore, it should find out the corresponding solutions and improvement strategies through the existing problems of life insurance marketing in China, so as to promote the development of the life insurance industry and the entire insurance industry. In the thesis, the author firstly introduced the connotation and current situation of life insurance and its marketing in China, then the author analyzed the characteristics of life insurance marketing and the existing problems of its marketing in China. At last, the author proposed the improvement methods of life insurance marketing from four aspects.
How does Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) Influence University Students’ English Acquisition? A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Lyu Peizhen
Published: December 2022

This study aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed view of how Content and Language Intergraded Learning (CLIL) impact university students’ English learning outcomes in non-English as native-speaking countries. The study attempts to use a systematic literature review method to look through various peer review journal articles about the implementation of CLIL and its influence on learners’ English acquisition in higher education from three perspectives: general English proficiency, productive and receptive language skills outcomes, and students’ attitude. Findings show that English ability has developed after CLIL—based lessons while the difference between the CLIL group and non-CLIL group is not significant, and different linguistic skills unevenly developed. Meanwhile, students gain motivation and interest to learn English in CLIL, while some claim they feel challenged in learning English by the new teaching approach. Based on these findings, the study offers recommendations and teaching strategies implications for introducing CLIL in universities, especially in China’s tertiary educational settings.
Exploration of Coding in Qualitative Data Analysis: Grounded Theory Perspective
Authors: Mohajan Devajit , Mohajan Haradhan Kumar
Published: December 2022

This study tries to identify, define, and analyze the coding techniques that the grounded theory researchers follow when they develop the qualitative research. Grounded theory is a qualitative research analysis that systematically collects and analyzes data to develop a new theory on human behavior in social welfare perceptions. It also tries to discuss coding method, coding cycle, theoretical sensitivity, theoretical sampling, theoretical saturation, etc. Usually, a code is a word or short phrases that symbolically allocate a summative, salient, and essence capturing for a portion of visual data. In qualitative grounded theory research coding plays an important role that enables the researchers to identify, organize, and build new theory that is grounded in data. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of codes, coding, and coding methods that form a qualitative grounded theory.