bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of immigration detention on the mental health of refugees and asylum seekers
Authors: Forrest Walter , Steel Zachary
Published: June 2023

Studies consistently report that asylum seekers held in immigration detention have relatively high rates of mental distress, yet evidence of the long‐term impact of immigration detention is limited. Using propensity score–based methods, we estimated the impact of immigration detention on the prevalence of nonspecific psychological distress, using the Kessler‐6, and probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), using the PTSD‐8, among participants in a national sample of asylum seekers in the 5 years following their resettlement in Australia (N = 334). At Wave 1, the prevalence of nonspecific psychological distress was high among all participants regardless of detainment status, OR = 0.28, 95% CI [0.04, 2.06], and did not change over time for either detainees (n = 222), OR = 1.01, 95% CI [0.46, 2.18], or nondetainees (n = 103), OR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.39, 1.67]. In contrast, the odds of probable PTSD were significantly higher for former detainees, OR = 8.20; 95% CI [2.61, 26.73], than nondetainees at Wave 1; although they declined among former detainees, OR = 0.56, 95% CI [0.38, 0.82]), and increased among nondetainees, OR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.11, 2.23], in the years following resettlement. These results imply the use of immigration detention to manage unauthorized migration increases the prevalence of probable PTSD in the short term among former detainees who have resettled in Australia.
A summary of the 38th Annual International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Presidential Panel: How the traumatic stress community can assist individuals affected by the war in Ukraine
Authors: Frankova Iryna , Klymchuck Vitalii , Nickerson Angela , Sijbrandij Marit , Amstadter Ananda B.
Published: June 2023

As the premier global traumatic stress society, the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) has an important role to play in educating and raising awareness about the consequences of traumatic events, such as the war in Ukraine. On November 12, 2022, during its 38th annual meeting, the ISTSS hosted an invited Presidential Panel, chaired by Ananda Amstadter during her term as ISTSS President, that brought together trauma experts Peter Ventevogel, Marit Sijbrandij, Vitalii Klymchuck, Iryna Frankova, and Angela Nickerson to highlight how traumatic stress professionals can assist individuals affected by the war in Ukraine. The present paper summarizes the key points from the panel and discusses future challenges anticipated for people affected by the war.
Outcomes of pediatric tracheostomy after surgery for congenital heart disease: A 20‐year experience
Authors: Puchi Christopher , Lavin Jennifer , Eltayeb Osama , Billings Kathleen R.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) requiring cardiovascular surgery (CVS) rarely require tracheostomy placement; however the mortality rate remains high. The study aimed to analyze the incidence of tracheostomy in children with CHD, and to determine factors contributing to postoperative outcomes, decannulation rates, and mortality.

Methods

Retrospective case series of children ≤18 years old with CHD status post‐CVS who underwent tracheostomy placement between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2020. Variables analyzed included demographic information, presence of comorbidities including prematurity, respiratory diseases, presence of genetic syndromes, decannulation status, type of repair (univentricular vs. biventricular), and need for cardiopulmonary bypass. Adverse events analyzed included all‐cause mortality, development of mediastinitis, fatal decannulation, and persistence of tracheocutaneous fistula.

Results

Fifty‐one patients were analyzed. The incidence of tracheostomy was 0.8%. Median age at tracheostomy was 5.3 months. The 5‐year survival estimate was 56.3% (95% confidence interval 43.6%, 72.6%). Age ≤6 months at the time of tracheostomy placement (p = .03), and the presence of tracheomalacia (p = .04) were factors significantly associated with 5‐year survival. Two patients (3.9%) experienced fatal decannulation, and one patient (2.0%) developed postoperative mediastinitis. The 10‐year decannulation rate estimate was 47.8% (30.5%, 63.2%). Seven patients (13.7%) had a persistent tracheocutaneous fistula.

Conclusions

This study corroborates high mortality rates in this population. Factors associated with improved survival were younger age at the time of tracheostomy and presence of tracheomalacia. Decannulation rates were low, but estimates improved over 10 years. Further studies are needed to determine optimal indications and timing for tracheostomy placement in this patient population.

Level of Evidence

4
Ocean acidification altered microbial functional potential in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Rui , Yang Yunfeng , Tu Qichao , Zhou Jizhong , Jiao Nianzhi
Published: June 2023

Ocean acidification (OA) has considerably changed the metabolism and structure of plankton communities in the ocean. Evaluation of the response of the marine bacterioplankton community to OA is critical for understanding the future direction of bacterioplankton‐mediated biogeochemical processes in the ocean. Understanding the diversity of functional genes is important for linking the microbial community to ecological and biogeochemical processes. However, the influence of OA on the functional diversity of bacterioplankton remains unclear. Using high‐throughput functional gene microarray technology (GeoChip 4), we investigated the functional gene structure and diversity of bacterioplankton under three different pCO2 levels (control: 175 μatm, medium: 675 μatm, and high: 1085 μatm) in a large Arctic Ocean mesocosm experiment. We observed a higher evenness of microbial functional genes under elevated pCO2 compared with under low pCO2. OA induced a more stable community as evaluated by decreased dissimilarity of functional gene structure with increased pCO2. Molecular ecological networks under elevated pCO2 became more complex and stable, supporting the central ecological tenet that complexity begets stability. In particular, increased average abundances were found under elevated pCO2 for many genes involved in key metabolic processes, including carbon degradation, methane oxidization, nitrogen fixation, dissimilatory nitrite/nitrate reduction, and sulfide reduction processes. Altogether, these results indicate a significant influence of OA on the metabolism potential of bacterioplankton in the Arctic Ocean. Consequently, our study suggests that biogeochemical cycling mediated by these microbes may be altered by the OA in the future.
Conformation and Dynamics of Ring Polymer Chains under Cylindrical Confinement
Authors: Han Xiao‐yue , Zhou Xiao‐lin , Wang Xiang‐hong , He Lin‐li
Published: June 2023

Using coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations, the conformation and dynamic behavior of ring polymer chains in ring/linear blends confined into cylinders are studied. By changing the particle number density, polymer chain bending energy and length, the spatial distribution of rings in the constrained binary polymer blends is investigated. An ordered tubular structure composed of several quasi‐parallel rings is observed. The mean square displacement of the center‐of‐mass of ring chains and its diffusion coefficient are analyzed. The results indicate that the diffusion behavior of rings is transformed from inhibition to promotion as the increase of linear chain bending energy. This study provides a new way to further understand the special conformation and dynamic behavior of ring polymer chains in constrained systems.
Perpendicular Alignment of 2D Nanoplatelet Emitters in Electrospun Fibers: A Result of the Barus Effect?
Authors: Liu Xu , Li Fuzhao , Hohgardt Manuel , Klepzig Lars Frederik , Willich Marcel Maximilian , Christ Henrik‐Alexander , Schaate Andreas , Behrens Peter , Lauth Jannika , Menzel Henning , Walla Peter Jomo
Published: June 2023

Stable jet electrospinning (SJES) is a special form of optical fiber generation that prevents chaotic fiber whipping typical for conventional electrospinning procedures. Incorporation of highly emissive semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) in such fibers has very high potential in optical data transmission, optological circuits, fiber lasers, solar light concentrators and many other fields because NPLs exhibit strongly directed emission from their surface plane due to various in‐plane transition dipole moments. However, potential orientation control of 2D‐NPLs in SJES is entirely unknown as electric fields and various mechanical forces contribute in a complex manner simultaneously. Here, the observation of counter‐intuitive yet very beneficial orientation of rectangular CdSe/CdS 2D‐NLP in SJES perpendicular to the fiber drawing axis is reported. Scanning electron microscopy, 3D‐single particle excitation polarization microscopy, 3D‐photogoniometry, polarized emission spectroscopy and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) demonstrate aggregation free perpendicular alignment of the NPLs in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibers, resulting in dominant emission in directions parallel to the fiber. It is suggested that the observed vertical alignment is due to normal forces resulting from viscoelastic expansion when the polymer solution leaves the cannula (Barus effect) and that using such perpendicular nano‐emitter alignment forces allows for the generation of novel materials also beyond fibers.
CYP1A inhibitors: Recent progress, current challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Dai Ziru , Wu Yue , Xiong Yuan , Wu Jingjing , Wang Min , Sun Xiao , Ding Xinxin , Yang Ling , Sun Xiaobo , Ge Guangbo
Published: June 2023

Mammalian cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) are key phase I xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes that play a distinctive role in metabolic activation or metabolic clearance of a variety of procarcinogens, drugs, and endogenous substances. Human CYP1A subfamily contains two members (hCYP1A1 and hCYP1A2), which are known to catalyze the oxidative activation of some environmental procarcinogens into carcinogenic species. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that CYP1A inhibitor therapies are promising strategies for cancer chemoprevention or overcoming CYP1A‐associated drug toxicity and resistance. Herein, we reviewed recent advances in the discovery and characterization of hCYP1A inhibitors, from the discovery approaches to structural features and biomedical applications of hCYP1A inhibitors. The inhibition potentials, inhibition modes, and inhibition constants of all reported hCYP1A inhibitors are comprehensively summarized. Meanwhile, the structural features and structure–activity relationships of different classes of hCYP1A1 and hCYP1A2 inhibitors are analyzed and discussed in depth. Furthermore, the major challenges and future directions for this field are presented and highlighted. Collectively, the information and knowledge presented here will strongly facilitate the researchers to discover and develop more efficacious CYP1A inhibitors for specific purposes, such as chemo‐preventive agents or as tool molecules in hCYP1A–related fundamental studies.
Understanding PTSD among correctional workers in Manitoba, Canada: Key considerations of social variables
Authors: McKendy Laura , Taillieu Tamara , Johnston Matthew S. , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Carleton R. Nicholas
Published: June 2023

Mounting evidence highlights the high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among correctional workers. The current analysis draws on survey response data to present a social profile of correctional workers in the province of Manitoba (n = 580), Canada, who screened positive for PTSD (n = 196). We examined demographic information, professional history information, and adverse work exposure experiences, as well as treatment and support patterns. The analysis was not intended to identify correlates of PTSD development among correctional workers, but did identify the characteristics, professional and personal situations, and treatment experiences of correctional workers who screened positive for PTSD. The results highlight the multidimensional nature of work stressors, the pronounced problem of work–life conflict, and variations in seeking supports and treatments. Generally, participants screening positive for PTSD reported higher exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events, higher environmental or occupational stressors at work, and many had prior work experience as public safety personnel. Correctional workers who screened positive for PTSD appeared more likely to access mental health supports. Promoting proactive support seeking for mental health treatment may help to mitigate the severity, frequency, stigma, and length of mental health challenges among correctional workers.
Circular RNA circGPRC5A(e2) facilitates gastric cancer progression and metastasis via modulating miR‐665/LASP1 and activating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Lu Yixun , Liu Guoxiao , Wang Yanjun , Li Kai , Xu Xinxin , Zhang Benlong , Chen Lin , Xi Hongqing , Wang Xinxin
Published: June 2023

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Compelling evidence indicates that circular RNA (circRNA) played critical roles in multiple cancers. However, the role and mechanisms of circRNAs in GC remains unclear. Here we first identified a notably overexpressed circular RNA hsa_circ_0025506 in GC by human circRNA microarray, designated as circGPRC5A(e2). Next, we found circGPRC5A(e2) was overexpressed in GC cell lines and clinical samples as well. Then, we confirmed that circGPRC5A(e2) was primarily located in the cytoplasm of GC cells and colocation phenomenon was observed with miR‐665 via fluorescence in situ hybridization. Functionally, Cell Counting Kit‐8, 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, clone formation assay, Transwell invasion assay, wound‐healing assay, and animal experiments showed that circGPRC5A(e2) promoted GC proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, we showed that circGPRC5A(e2) could serve as miR‐665 sponges and facilitate GC growth and metastasis via modulating miR‐665/LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) axis and activating phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/AKT pathway. Taken together, this study revealed that circGPRC5A(e2) functioned as an oncogene in GC. The circGPRC5A(e2)/miR‐665/LASP1 axis revealed by current research might provide novel biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for GC.
Biomechanical characteristics in the carotid artery: Noninvasive assessment using subharmonic emissions from microbubbles
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Yukang , Zheng Shuai , Zhang Wenkai , Du Kai , He Wen , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2023

Background

Stroke is closely related to carotid atherosclerotic plaques, which tend to occur in specific parts of the arteries, especially at the bifurcations, and are considered to be caused by biomechanical factors. Quantitative analysis of hemodynamic stress characteristics of the carotid sinus in vivo provides a mechanical basis for the development of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid sinus. Previous studies found that ultrasound (US) contrast agent microbubbles would vibrate nonlinearly under the excitation of sound pressure, generating subharmonics (transmission fundamental frequency, i.e., f0 and subharmonic frequency at f0/2), which have the highest sensitivity to pressure changes and exhibit an inverse linear relationship with environmental pressure.

Purpose

This study employed subharmonic aided pressure estimation (SHAPE) technology to reflect carotid artery hydrodynamic characteristics in the carotid lumen.

Methods

From May 2021 to December 2021, this prospective study reviewed a total of 26 normal carotid arteries of 13 participants, all of whom received bilateral carotid artery routine US and SHAPE US examinations. During this study, the lumen of the bilateral distal segment of the common carotid artery (Distal‐CCA), carotid artery bifurcation (CAB), and carotid bulb (CB) were scanned section by section from bottom to top in longitudinal and transverse sections. Subsequently, the subharmonic amplitudes in the lumen of normal carotid arteries were collected and analyzed.

Results

This study found that the amplitude of subharmonic amplitude in the carotid was distributed unevenly, with the amplitudes of subharmonic at the CAB being higher. Specifically, the subharmonic gradient of the carotid artery bifurcation apex plane was maximum (9.72 ± 4.31 dB), while the average subharmonic amplitude of the outer lateral layer of the carotid artery was higher (‐56.40 ± 6.31 dB) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The SHAPE technique is capable of indirectly reflecting the pressure changes of vascular system tissues, which may provide a new monitoring method for evaluating mechanical characteristics obviating invasion.
[6,6′‐2H2] fructose as a deuterium metabolic imaging probe in liver cancer
Authors: Zhang Guannan , Cullen Quinlan , Berishaj Marjan , Deh Kofi , Kim Nathaniel , Keshari Kayvan R.
Published: June 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related deaths. Imaging plays a crucial role in the early detection of HCC, although current methods are limited in their ability to characterize liver lesions. Most recently, deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) has been demonstrated as a powerful technique for the imaging of metabolism in vivo. Here, we assess the metabolic flux of [6,6′‐2H2] fructose in cell cultures and in subcutaneous mouse models at 9.4 T. We compare these rates with the most widely used DMI probe, [6,6′‐2H2] glucose, exploring the possibility of developing 2H fructose to overcome the limitations of glucose as a novel DMI probe for detecting liver tumors. Comparison of the in vitro metabolic rates implies their similar glycolytic metabolism in the TCA cycle due to comparable production rates of 2H glutamate/glutamine (glx) for the two precursors, but overall higher glycolytic metabolism from 2H glucose because of a higher production rate of 2H lactate. In vivo kinetic studies suggest that HDO can serve as a robust reporter for the consumption of the precursors in liver tumors. As fructose is predominantly metabolized in the liver, deuterated water (HDO) produced from 2H fructose is probably less contaminated from whole‐body metabolism in comparison with glucose. Moreover, in studies of the normal liver, 2H fructose is readily converted to 2H glx, enabling the characterization of 2H fructose kinetics. This overcomes a major limitation of previous 2H glucose studies in the liver, which were unable to confidently discern metabolic flux due to overlapped signals of 2H glucose and its metabolic product, 2H glycogen. This suggests a unique role for 2H fructose metabolism in HCC and the normal liver, making it a useful approach for assessing liver‐related diseases and the progression to oncogenesis.
Scientific research ability of specialist nurses in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Huang Ziwei , Liu Yuanfang , Lei Yi , Wei Yiping , Chen Xiaomei , Lan Yuansong
Published: June 2023

Aim

This study investigated the scientific research ability of Chinese specialist nurses (SNs) in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and its influencing factors.

Design

A cross‐sectional design.

Methods

A total of 652 SNs in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were investigated from March to October 2021. The nursing scientific research ability level was measured using the Nursing Research Competence of Nurses Self‐evaluation Scale. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis and ordinal logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate factors affecting the scientific research ability of SNs.

Results

The median score of scientific research ability of SNs was 31 (interquartile range: 19–41). Approximately 74.8% of clinical speciality nurses had low scientific research ability. Educational background, working hospital level, being the first author of a published paper and successful application for scientific research projects were identified as factors influencing scientific research ability score.
Serum levels of high mobility group box‐1 protein (HMGB1) and soluble receptors of advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) in depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Abe Hiromi , Okada‐Tsuchioka Mami , Kajitani Naoto , Omori Wataru , Itagaki Kei , Shibasaki Chiyo , Boku Shuken , Matsuhisa Tetsuaki , Takebayashi Minoru
Published: June 2023

Aims

High mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) is one of the damage‐associated molecular patterns produced by stress and induces inflammatory responses mediated by receptors of advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) on the cell surface. Meanwhile, soluble RAGE (sRAGE) exhibits an anti‐inflammatory effect by capturing HMGB1. Animal models have shown upregulation of HMGB1 and RAGE in the brain or blood, suggesting the involvement of these proteins in depression pathophysiology. However, there have been no reports using blood from depressed patients, nor ones focusing on HMGB1 and sRAGE changes associated with treatment and their relationship to depressive symptoms.

Methods

Serum HMGB1 and sRAGE concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in a group of patients with severe major depressive disorder (MDD) (11 males and 14 females) who required treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and also in a group of 25 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy subjects. HMGB1 and sRAGE concentrations were also measured before and after a course of ECT. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD).

Results

There was no significant difference in HMGB1 and sRAGE concentrations in the MDD group compared to healthy subjects. Although ECT significantly improved depressive symptoms, there was no significant change in HMGB1 and sRAGE concentrations before and after treatment. There was also no significant correlation between HMGB1 and sRAGE concentrations and the HAMD total score or subitem scores.

Conclusion

There were no changes in HMGB1 and sRAGE in the peripheral blood of severely depressed patients, and concentrations had no relationship with symptoms or ECT.
Effect of hybridization on natural fiber reinforced polymer composite materials – A review
Authors: Prem Kumar R. , Muthukrishnan M. , Felix Sahayaraj A.
Published: June 2023

This review explores the hybridization effect of natural fiber‐reinforced composites (NFRCs) to reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution. Although natural fibers offer several advantages over synthetic fibers, such as biodegradability, lightweight, and low cost, their application in NFRCs is challenging due to inherent issues such as variable fiber quality, constrained mechanical properties, water absorption, and poor thermal stability. However, recent research has made significant progress in addressing these issues, resulting in better NFRCs. This article surveys the latest developments in plant‐based NFRCs, focusing on methods and innovations to enhance their performance through fiber modification, hybridization, incorporation of lignocellulosic fillers, and fabrication techniques for mechanical, sound absorption, and wear performance. It also discusses the expanding uses of NFRCs in various industrial sectors and the sustainability of plant‐based NFRCs using life‐cycle assessment.
Buckling behavior of non‐uniformly heated 3D printed plain and functionally graded nanocomposites
Authors: Kumar Sumodh , Ramesh M. R. , Jeyaraj P. , Powar Satvasheel , Doddamani Mrityunjay
Published: June 2023

The functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (0.5–5 wt.%) are compounded with high density polyethylene (HDPE), and, subsequently, used for extruding nanocomposite filaments to fabricate nanocomposites (NCs) and functionally graded nanocomposites (FGNCs) through 3D printing. The 3D printed NCs are investigated for coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and buckling under different non‐uniform temperature distributions (case‐1: left edge heating, case‐2: centre heating, and case‐3: left and right edge heating). A significant reduction in CTE is observed with MWCNT addition and gradation. The highest reduction in CTE is observed for H5 (5 wt.% of MWCNT in HDPE) NC and H1 ⟶ H3 ⟶ H5 (FGNC‐2) among the NCs and the FGNCs. It is noted that Tcr (critical buckling temperature) is highest for case‐3 and lowest for case‐2. The highest deflection is noticed in case‐2, while no significant difference is observed in case‐1 and case‐3 heating conditions. It is also observed that Tcr increases with gradation and MWCNTs addition. The H5 NC and FGNC‐2 exhibited the highest Tcr among the NCs and FGNCs, respectively. The maximum deflection is noticed for HDPE, whereas the minimum deflection is noticed for FGNC‐2 and H‐5 NC among the tested samples. The results also revealed that Tcr is very sensitive to type of heating.
Preparation and performance study of ionic liquid @ boron nitride modified polyimide proton exchange membrane
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Yanming , Wang Yizheng , Su Bihai , Shi Linlin , Li Feibo , Mu Jingbo , Che Hongwei , Zhang Zhixiao , Zhang Xiaoliang , Li Ping , Li Feng
Published: June 2023

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) plays a relatively significant part in PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, ionic liquid were grafted onto boron nitride (ILs@BN) were prepared by wet ball milling, and the polyimide (PI) composite films with different contents (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) of ILs@BN were fabricated by solution‐casting method. Results showed that compared with the original polyimide films, the performance of the obtained composite films has been significantly improved. Tensile strength of film containing 4 wt% ILs@BN was enormously enhanced by 93.62% (from 47 to 91.8 MPa), respectively, in contrast to pure PI film. Compared with pure PI film, film containing with 4 wt% ILs@BN was reduced from 71.2° to 63.2°, which indicated the better hydrophilicity of the film and potential proton transport channels. The composite film exhibited excellent proton conductivity, which was tremendously elevated by 58.35% (from 0.1215 S cm−1 for pure PI to 0.1924 S cm−1 for film containing with 4 wt% ILs@BN). Comprehensively, the film containing with 4 wt% ILs@BN presenting excellent mechanical properties (91.8 MPa), contact angle (63.2°) and proton conductivity (0.1924 S cm−1) demonstrating strong potential applications in fuel cells.
Influence of hybridizing fillers on mechanical properties of foam composite panel
Authors: Ajayi Ayodele Abraham , Turup Pandurangan Mohan , Kanny Krishnan
Published: June 2023

Foam composite panels made from hybrid fillers are materials developed to have low density with high mechanical properties. This work focuses on improving the mechanical properties of epoxy‐based foam composite panels with hybridized fillers by combining hollow glass microspheres (HGM) and nanoclay. The HGM content was varied from 1 wt.% to 3 wt.% in foam composites panel, while nanoclay content was varied from 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% in each of the HGM‐filled series of foam composites panel, these foam composite panels were fabricated using a conventional resin casting method. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength, hardness, flexural strength of the prepared hybrid‐filled foam composite panels were determined and compared with the neat epoxy. It was found that the hybrid‐filled foam composite panels exhibited improved mechanical properties than the neat epoxy. These improved properties were because of excellent interfacial adhesion between the hybrid fillers and the matrix. The improved mechanical properties could suggest that this material may be suitable for application in industries where lightweight materials with good mechanical properties are required. This study showed a new area of synthetic foam development research by enhancing mechanical properties using hybrid‐filled.
Offshore floating photovoltaics system assessment in worldwide perspective
Authors: Golroodbari S. Zahra , Ayyad Abdulhadi W.A. , van Sark Wilfried
Published: June 2023

Floating solar photovoltaics (FPV), whether placed on freshwater bodies such as lakes or on the open seas, are an attractive solution for the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) panels that avoid competition for land with other uses, including other forms of renewable energy generation. While the vast majority of FPV deployments have been on freshwater bodies, in this paper, we chose to focus on offshore FPV, a mode of deployment that may be particularly attractive to nations where the landmass is constricted, such as is the case in small islands. There is a wide perception that seawater cooling is the main reason for the enhanced performance of offshore FPV panels. In this paper, a worldwide assessment is made to validate this perception. To this end, a technology‐specific heat transfer model is used to calculate PV system performance for a data set of 20 locations consisting of one system located on land and another one offshore. The analysis assumes that the floating offshore panels are placed on metal pontoons and that all panels are based on monocrystalline silicon technology. Our analysis shows that the energy yield difference, between land‐based and offshore systems, for the time period of 2008 and 2018, varies between 20% and −4% showing that offshore FPV yield advantages are site‐specific. In addition, the effect of other environmental factors, namely, irradiation level difference, ambient temperature, wind speed, precipitation, and sea surface temperature, is studied in this paper, which leads to the formulation of two different regression models. These can be used as a first step in predicting yield advantages for other locations.
Portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis: An updated overview
Authors: Wu Zhinian , Xiao Ying , Wang Yadong
Published: June 2023

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequent and severe complication in patients with cirrhosis; however, the pathophysiology of PVT needs to be better clarified. There are few significant predictive factors in clinical practice, and the impact of PVT on cirrhosis progression and its complications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome, remains uncertain. In recent years, the understanding of the mechanisms of PVT has become more profound with the publication of related literature. Therefore, in this review, we aim to summarize the advanced progress in the epidemiology, hazards, risk factors, diagnosis and classification, and treatment of PVT to provide insight into clinical management.
Passivity‐based control design frameworks for hybrid nonlinear time‐varying dynamical systems
Authors: Sharifi Esmaeil , Damaren Christopher J.
Published: June 2023

This article proposes two novel passivity‐based control design frameworks for hybrid nonlinear dynamical systems involving an interacting mixture of continuous‐time and discrete‐time dynamics whose dynamical properties evolve periodically over time. By deriving the Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov (KYP) conditions characterizing dissipativeness for hybrid nonlinear time‐dependent dynamical systems, a hybrid computational algorithm, which alternates between continuous‐time and discrete‐time subsystems at an appropriate sequence of time instants, is then proposed to solve the resultant equations in an interacting manner. Two passivity‐based control schemes are then developed by utilizing the foregoing KYP conditions in tandem with the passivity theorem. The overall framework consists mainly of three steps. The hybrid output dynamics of the plant are first determined judiciously to satisfy the passivity specifications. A hybrid nonlinear controller is then designed to meet the input strict passivity requirements. The stability of the closed‐loop system is finally established by interconnecting the plant and the controller through negative feedback. Practical considerations for appropriately implementing the derived hybrid algorithms are then discussed in detail. The efficacy of the proposed control schemes is ultimately assessed via a multi‐dimensional system with a hybrid source of actuation.
Predictor‐based switching control for networked systems
Authors: Cui Yanliang , Xu Lanlan
Published: June 2023

This paper concerns a networked predictive control (NPC) for linear systems with data time‐varying delays, packet losses and disordering. By utilizing the received time‐delayed state measurement and control input, a predictive algorithm is firstly proposed for approximating the future state prediction. Afterwards, a probability dependent switching control law is proposed. Although the large data transmission delays emerge in the forward and backward channels, the packet disordering in the backward channel can be naturally excluded thus the actuator always receives valid control command during each sampling period with correct time sequence. The proposed NPC not only guarantees the global uniform exponential stability of the overall networked system but also brings merits in tolerating locally unstable sub‐systems. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and improvements of the proposed method.
Influence of screw blades on the performance of a screw‐drive granary robot
Authors: Jin Hangjia , Lu Yanhui , Wu Wenfu , Han Feng
Published: June 2023

A granary robot with screw‐drive mechanisms can perfectly adapt to a loose grain terrain. The design of the helical wheels is significant for the driving performance of this robot. Because this robot moves due to the action of the blade on the grain, the parameters of the helical blade are especially important among all factors. Therefore, to determine the effect of blades on the performance of a screw‐drive granary robot, a screw robot–corn coupling model is established based on the coupling of the discrete element method and multibody dynamics. The model can analyze the interaction of the screw wheel with the grain particles. Then a robot with two helical wheels is designed, manufactured, and tested to verify the accuracy of the coupling model. The cosimulation created with this model has good accuracy compared with the experiment, and the mean relative errors of sinkage, velocity, and slip ratio are 3.43%, 1.21%, and 13.87%, respectively. Finally, the effects of the height, axial length, helix angle, and number of screw blades on the driving performance of the robot are studied with single‐factor simulations. The trends of the torque, slip, and drawbar efficiency varying with these parameters of the screw blade are obtained, which can provide critical insights for the preliminary design of a screwed granary robot.
Different people, different pathways: Human capital redeployment in multi‐business firms
Authors: Sabel Christopher Albert , Sasson Amir
Published: June 2023

Research Summary

Multi‐business firms redeploy human capital to strengthen individual business units. However, we know little about the antecedents of such redeployments and their effects on unit outcomes. Contributing to the resource redeployment and strategic human capital literatures, we test the relationships between parent–unit industry relatedness, the direction of redeployment (parent‐to‐unit and unit‐to‐parent), the type of human capital, the likelihood of redeployment, and post‐redeployment unit closure. Using Norwegian population‐level microdata of spinouts, we find that parent–unit industry relatedness increases the likelihood of human capital redeployment and that this effect is stronger for generalists than for specialists. Further, we find that parent‐to‐unit and unit‐to‐parent redeployment of generalists and specialists have distinct effects on unit closure, largely because of differences in post‐redeployment unit performance.

Managerial Summary

Firms with multiple business units often transfer employees between units to strengthen them. However, we do not know which employees are more likely to be sent and which employees, if any, affect the receiving unit's survival and performance. Analyzing over 9000 spinouts in Norway between 2004 and 2015, we find that employees are more likely to be sent when the parent and the unit are in related industries. We further show that employees with specialized professional knowledge are sent regardless of relatedness, while generalists are sent when industries are related. Regarding post‐transfer unit survival, we find that parent‐to‐unit and unit‐to‐parent redeployment of generalists and specialists have distinct effects on survival, largely because of differences in the impact on post‐transfer unit performance.
Precise Pore Engineering of fcu‐Type Y‐MOFs for One‐Step C2H4 Purification from Ternary C2H6/C2H4/C2H2 Mixtures
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Zhou Kang , Ullah Saif , Miao Jiafeng , Wang Hao , Thonhauser Timo , Li Jing
Published: June 2023

The purification of C2H4 from C2H6/C2H4/C2H2 mixtures is of great significance in the chemical industry for C2H4 production but remains a daunting task. Guided by powerful reticular chemistry principles, herein a systematic study is carried out to engineer pore dimensions and pore functionality of fcu‐type Y‐based metal–organic frameworks (Y‐MOFs) through the construction of a series of eight new structures using linear dicarboxylate linkers with different length and functional groups. This study illustrates how delicate changes in pore size and pore surface chemistry can effectively influence the adsorption preference of C2H6, C2H4, and C2H2 by the MOFs. Importantly, clear relations between pore size/pore surface polarity and C2 adsorption selectivities of this series of MOFs are established. In particular, HIAM‐326 built on a linker decorated with trifluoromethoxy group shows notably preferential adsorption of C2H6 and C2H2 over C2H4, with balanced C2H2/C2H4 and C2H6/C2H4 selectivities. This endows the compound with the capability of one‐step purification of C2H4 from C2H6/C2H4/C2H2 ternary mixtures, which is validated by breakthrough measurements where high purity C2H4 (99.9%+) can be obtained directly from the separation column. Its adsorption thermodynamics and underlying selective adsorption mechanisms are further revealed by ab initio calculations.
Theoretical Insights into the Solubility Polarity Switch of Metal–Organic Nanoclusters for Nanoscale Patterning
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Vockenhuber Michaela , Cui Hao , Wang Xiaolin , Tao Peipei , Hu Ziyu , Zhao Jun , Wang Jianlong , Ekinci Yasin , Xu Hong , He Xiangming
Published: June 2023

Metal–organic nanoclusters(MOCs) are being increasingly used as prospective photoresist candidates for advanced nanoscale lithography technologies. However, insight into the irradiation‐induced solubility switching process remains unclear. Hereby, the theoretical study employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the alkene‐containing zirconium oxide MOC photoresists is reported, which is rationally synthesized accordingly, to disclose the mechanism of the nanoscale patterning driven by the switch of solubility from the acid‐catalyzed or electron‐triggered ligand dissociation. By evaluating the dependence of MOCs’ imaging process on photoacid, lithographies of photoresists with and without photoacid generators after exposure to ultraviolet (UV), electron beam, and soft X‐ray, it is revealed that photoacid is essential in UV lithography, but it demonstrates little effect on exposure dose in high‐energy lithography. Furthermore, theoretical studies using DFT simulations to investigate the plausible photoacid‐catalyzed, electron‐triggered dissociation, and accompanying radical reaction are performed, and a mechanism is demonstrated that the nanoscale patterning of this type of MOCs is driven by the solubility switch resulting from dissociation‐induced strong electrostatic interaction and low‐energy barrier radical polymerization with other species. This study can give insights into the chemical mechanisms of patterning, and guide the rational design of photoresists to realize high resolution and high sensitivity.
Experimental investigation on the seismic performance of prefabricated fiber‐reinforced concrete beam‐column joints using grouted sleeve connections
Authors: Sun Chuanzhi , Zhuang Mei‐Ling , Wang Zhenbo , Chen Baodong , Gao Li , Qiao Yan , Zhu Hanbo , Zhang Weihua , Yang Jun , Yu Changrong
Published: June 2023

To improve the seismic performance of prefabricated reinforced conventional concrete (PRC) beam‐column joints, fiber‐reinforced concrete (FRC) was used instead of concrete in the core zone of the joint in this article. The optimum volume contents of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and steel fibers were first determined to be 0.3% and 1%, respectively, through the material properties tests. Then, four PRC beam‐column joint specimens using grouted sleeve connections and one cast‐in‐place reinforced concrete beam‐column joint specimen were designed considering the factors of PVA fibers, steel fibers, with or without stirrups. The test phenomena and failure mode of the five specimens under low‐cycle cyclic loads were obtained. Finally, the effects of PVA fibers, steel fibers, with or without stirrups on the seismic performance of specimens were analyzed and discussed. The test phenomena indicated that the failure mode of specimens was anchorage damage of steel bars. The prefabricated FRC specimens showed relatively little damage in the core zone of the joint. FRC had a significant improvement on the seismic performance of prefabricated beam‐column joints. The use of FRC in the core zone of the joint can reduce or even eliminate the use of stirrups.
Re‐tooling: Building a bridge to today's student
Authors: McGehee Karla L.
Published: June 2023

To build meaningful relationships with students, faculty should employ strategies for teaching and serving the “whole person” in the classroom. This fosters an environment that impacts the students’ heads, hearts, and hands.
2022 Notable Books for a Global Society Research Award Winner: Heroes among us: Refugees and Immigrants inAward‐WinningChildren's Literature
Authors: Lacina Jan
Published: June 2023

In this column, we invited the ILA Children's Literature and Reading Special Interest Group (CLR SIG)'s 2022 NBGS Research Award Winner, Jan Lacina, to share some of the work she conducted with the NBGS award‐winning books.
Surgical technique and complications associated with laparoscopic pleuroperitoneal diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy in a dog
Authors: Devereux Emma A. , Scharf Valery F.
Published: June 2023

An 11‐year‐old, neutered, male French bulldog was referred for surgical repair of an incidentally diagnosed pleuroperitoneal diaphragmatic hernia. Thoracic computed tomography revealed a left centroventral diaphragmatic hernia with a large volume of left‐sided intrathoracic fat. A minimally invasive laparoscopic approach was elected. A portion of the intrathoracic fat was laparoscopically reduced. Adhesions and friability of the herniated fat prevented further reduction, and the remaining fat was transected using a vessel‐sealing device to enable herniorrhaphy via intracorporeal suturing. Immediate postoperative computed tomography performed under general anaesthesia confirmed an intact diaphragm with a large volume of persistent left‐sided intrathoracic fat. The patient was immediately returned to the operating room and a keyhole left lateral thoracotomy performed to remove the remaining herniated fat. The patient recovered from surgery and anaesthesia uneventfully. There were no short‐ or long‐term postoperative complications of herniorrhaphy.
It Turned into a Bioblitz: Urban Data Collection for Building Scientific Literacy and Environmental Connection
Authors: O’Donnell Kelly L. , Brundage Lisa A.
Published: June 2023

In 2013, Macaulay Honors College redesigned its required science curriculum to focus on scientific literacy skills rather than content. Central to this shift was inclusion of a data collection event, a BioBlitz, to provide students with the basis for their own semester-long research projects. Students are teamed with naturalists in an urban green space to find as many species as they can in 24 h and to contribute to a global biodiversity database via the app iNaturalist. We have learned two important lessons: (1) developing an interdisciplinary curriculum with a high degree of experiential learning is more successful when both STEM and non-STEM educators are involved and (2) students in a general education course can be involved in authentic scientific research even if their classroom has no time or space for a laboratory. Through our required science course, Science Forward, and its BioBlitz, students get broad exposure to science as a way of knowing, rooted in lived experience and the world around them. Students make connections to each other and to the city that serves as their laboratory. Macaulay considers scientific literacy, access to scientific information, and connection to one’s own environment pillars of an equitable and justice-oriented education.
Diversity in Academia and Sustainability Science: The STEM Blindspot
Authors: Augustin-Behravesh Shirley-Ann
Published: June 2023

Increasing diversity in organizations has been shown to lead to more open, innovative and productive organizations. Within sustainability science, the need for diverse opinions, experiences and disciplines cannot be overstated. Two of the core principles of sustainability are normative and collaborative competencies that emphasize the need for diverse stakeholder involvement. To solve complicated, societal problems, we need to ensure that voices typically unheard, have a part to play in developing solutions for sustainability challenges. This is becoming even more critical as we see the impacts of sustainability problems being disproportionately felt by vulnerable populations, which often are populated by Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC). Despite this evident need, our current academic positions in the field of sustainability and environmental science, like most STEM disciplines, are predominantly held by white, male faculty.
Building Authentic Connections to Science Through Mentorship, Activism, and Community, in Teaching and Practice
Authors: Patterson Angelica E. , Williams Tanisha M. , Ramos Jorge , Pierre Suzanne
Published: June 2023

The field of environmental science and the movements within have traditionally excluded non-white and marginalized communities, resulting in underrepresentation and lowered engagement of these groups within and outside of academia. The systemic economic and cultural barriers in academia and our larger society inhibit racially ethnic and gender-diverse students from fully participating and authentically engaging in the sciences. Building meaningful connections to the field of environmental sciences and sustainability requires integrated approaches that extend “beyond the walls” to encourage, inspire, and motivate students to take an interest in studying and pursuing careers in ecology and the earth sciences. In a conversation centered around critical race theory and intersectionality, four scientists and educators discuss the challenges and rewards of helping students navigate science in academia. They also examine how their advocacy for diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice translates into actionable approaches that deconstruct the barriers that have prevented equal representation and empowerment of marginalized groups in the environmental sciences.