bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods for Functional Characterization of Genetic Polymorphisms of Non-Coding Regulatory Regions of the Human Genome (Review)
Authors: Uvarova A. N. , Tkachenko E. A. , Stasevich E. M. , Zheremyan E. A. , Korneev K. V. , Kuprash D. V.
Published: December 2024

Currently, numerous associations between genetic polymorphisms and various diseases have been characterized through Genome-Wide Association Studies. The majority of clinically significant polymorphisms are localized in non-coding regions of the genome. While modern bioinformatic resources make it possible to predict molecular mechanisms that explain the influence of non-coding polymorphisms on gene expression, such hypotheses require experimental verification. This review discusses the methods for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the dependence of disease pathogenesis on specific genetic variants within non-coding sequences. A particular focus is on the methods to identify the transcription factors with binding efficiency contingent upon polymorphic variations. Despite remarkable progress in the bioinformatic resources enabling the prediction of the impact of polymorphisms on disease pathogenesis, the imperative for experimental approaches to this inquiry still persists.
The C886T Mutation in the TH Gene Reduces the Activity of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Brain of Mice
Authors: Alsallum I. , Moskalyuk V. S. , Rakhov I. A. , Bazovkina D. V. , Kulikov A. V.
Published: December 2024

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, the initial and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Mutations in the human TH gene are associated with hereditary motor disorders. The common C886T mutation identified in the mouse Th gene results in the R278H substitution in the enzyme molecule. We investigated the impact of this mutation on the TH activity in the mouse midbrain. The TH activity in the midbrain of Mus musculus castaneus (CAST) mice homozygous for the 886C allele was higher compared to C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice homozygous for the 886T allele. Notably, this difference in the enzyme activity was not associated with changes in the Th gene mRNA levels and TH protein content. Analysis of the TH activity in the midbrain in mice from the F2 population obtained by crossbreeding of C57BL/6 and CAST mice revealed that the 886C allele is associated with a high TH activity. Moreover, this allele showed complete dominance over the 886T allele. However, the C886T mutation did not affect the levels of TH protein in the midbrain. These findings demonstrate that the C886T mutation is a major genetic factor determining the activity of TH in the midbrain of common laboratory mouse strains. Moreover, it represents the first common spontaneous mutation in the mouse Th gene whose influence on the enzyme activity has been demonstrated. These results will help to understand the role of TH in the development of adaptive and pathological behavior, elucidate molecular mechanisms regulating the activity of TH, and explore pharmacological agents for modulating its function.
Key Enzymes of Serotonergic System Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 and Monoamine Oxidase A in the Brain of Rats Selectively Bred For Reaction Toward Humans: Effects of Benzopentathiepin TC-2153
Authors: Moskalyuk V. S. , Kozhemyakina R. V. , Khomenko T. M. , Volcho K. P. , Salakhutdinov N. F. , Kulikov A. V. , Naumenko V. S. , Kulikova E. A.
Published: December 2024

In the Institute of cytology and genetics (Novosibirsk) for over 85 generations takes place a selection of grey rats for high aggression toward humans (aggressive rats) or its complete absence (tame rats). Aggressive rats are an interesting model to study fear-induced aggression. Benzopentathiepin TC-2153 exerts an antiaggressive effect on aggressive rats and affects serotonergic system – an important regulator of aggression. The aim of this study was to investigate the TC-2153 effect on key serotonergic system enzymes – tryptophan hydroxylaze 2 (TPH2) and monoamine oxydase A (MAOA) – in the brain of aggressive and tame rats. TC-2153 (10 or 20 mg/kg) or vehicle were administered once i.p. to male aggressive and tame rats. TPH2 and MAOA enzymatic activity, mRNA and protein levels were assessed. Selection for high aggression level resulted in elevated Tph2 mRNA levels in the midbrain, TPH2 protein in hippocampus and TPH2 and MAOA proteins in hypothalamus. MAO activity was higher in the midbrain and hippocampus of aggressive rats while TPH2 activity did not differ between the strains. Single TC-2153 administration decreased TPH2 and MAO activity in hypothalamus and midbrain respectively. The drug acted upon MAOA protein levels in hypothalamus: elevated that of aggressive rats and decreased in the tame ones. Thus, this study shows profound differences in the expression and activity of the key serotonergic system enzymes in the brain of rats selectively bred for highly aggressive behavior toward humans and its absence, and effects of benzopentathiepin TC-2153 on these enzymes may point to the mechanisms of its antiaggressive action.
Development of a Linear Position-Sensitive Scintillation Neutron Detector Based on ZnS(AG):6Li and Silicon Photomultipliers
Authors: Trunov D. N. , Marin V. N. , Sadykov R. A. , Altynbaev E. V. , Glushkova T. I.
Published: December 2024

A linear position-sensitive neutron detector based on two silicon photomultiplier and an organic light guide has been developed. Determination of the coordinate of the neutron hitting the detector comes from analyzing the amplitude of the signal received from two silicon photomultipliers located at the ends of the light guide. The results of measurements using a collimated 252Cf source and two types of detectors based on silicon photomultipliers from SensL with a diffusion reflector and from Hamamatsu without and with a diffusion reflector are presented. Signals from silicon photomultipliers are recorded using an analog-to-digital converter. The neutron impact coordinates were analyzed using the amplitude characteristics of the photosignal. For a detector based on silicon photomultiplier from SensL, there was no obvious dependence of the signal amplitude on the coordinate of the neutron detection event, in contrast to detectors from Hamamatsu. The resolution of the detector coated with a diffusion reflector was about 10 mm, and without the diffusion reflector it was approximately 5 mm.
Development of a Vector Magnet Based on High-Temperature Superconductors for Working with Polarized Neutrons
Authors: Altynov A. V. , Buzdavin A. P. , Bodnarchuk V. I. , Zhaketov V. D. , Petrenko A. V. , Proyavin M. D. , Chernikov A. N.
Published: December 2024

Polarized neutron reflectometry is an experimental method for studying metallic thin heterophase layered materials, polymer films, biological systems, free liquide surfaces, and magnetic fluids. It requires experimental equipment that includes a special magnetic system. The described magnetic system, a vector magnet, will allow one to change the direction of the magnetic field in three directions, to place a temperature-control device inside at low and ultra-low temperatures, and will have an aperture that allows one to place a system for detecting neutrons and gamma radiation outside. According to calculations, the cryomagnet will allow the application of a maximum field of up to 3 T in the vertical plane, and of up to 1 T in the horizontal plane. It is proposed to use a 4 mm wide high-temperature superconductor tape to manufacture the vector magnet. A cryostat with a vector magnet will be installed on the REMUR reflectometer on the eighth channel of the IBR-2 reactor.
Topological Defects in Aggregation of the C60 Fullerene in the Isotactic Polypropylene Matrix
Authors: Elnikova L. V. , Ozerin A. N. , Shevchenko V. G. , Nedorezova P. M. , Palaznik O. M. , Ponomarenko A. T. , Skoi V. V. , Kuklin A. I.
Published: December 2024

Basing on the data of small-angle neutron scattering for the nanocomposite composed of fullerene C60 (16.5 wt. %) in the matrix of isotactic polypropylene, we received information on clusterization of nanoparticles and defined their geometric parameters and dimensionality. In this paper, we propose interpretation of particle aggregation possessing the properties of surface fractal in the size range up to 80 nm observed using small-angle neutron scattering method. Basing on the well-known theories of defect structures of a fullerene molecule C60 in non-Euclidean metrics, in particular, of disclinations and monopole in two-dimensional spherical Gödel space—time, we formulate a lattice version for the action of monopole gas, in which with the lattice Monte Carlo method, using abelian projection, we estimate the energy of monopole currents at different monopole concentrations. In frames of the proposed model, it is possible to calculate fractal properties of the fullerene C60 in a polymer composite and also to interpret evolution of disclinations.
Skyrmions and Fluctuations of Spin Spirals in Strongly Correlated Fe1–хCoхSi with Noncentrosymmetric Cubic Structure
Authors: Povzner А. А. , Volkov А. G. , Nogovitsyna Т. А.
Published: December 2024

Strongly correlated Fe1–хCoxSi solid solutions with broken B20-type cubic structure are studied. Within the framework of the spin-fluctuation theory and in the model of the density of electronic states, arising from first-principles calculations within the framework of the generalized gradient approximation taking into account strong Coulomb correlations (GGA+U) temperature transitions are considered in strongly correlated Fe1–хCoxSi alloys (for example, x = 0.2, 0.3) with the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction. It is shown that in the compositions under consideration, a first-order magnetic phase transition, which is prolonged in temperature, occurs, during which the sign of the intermode coupling parameter in the Ginzburg–Landau functional changes. It is found that such a transition results in the formation of skyrmion A-phases in limited ranges of temperatures and external magnetic fields, beyond which the experimentally observed fluctuations of spin spirals are realized. The constructed (h–Т)-diagrams (which indicate the range of long-range order, fluctuation and skyrmion phases) of Fe1–хCoxSi at x = 0.2 and 0.3 are consistent with the experiment.
Comparative Analysis of the Surface Morphology of Dense Membrane Filters Pd95Pb5 and Pd93.5In6.0Ru0.5
Authors: Akimova O. V. , Кaminskaya T. P. , Gorbunov S. V.
Published: December 2024

Features of the dense palladium-based membrane filters surface morphology are studied in this work using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. Element compositions of the filters are Pd95Pb5 and Pd93.5In6.0Ru0.5 (hereafter numerical coefficients determine the composition in wt.%). The thickness of dense membrane filters is 50 and 70 μм, respectively. Samples from metals of high purity were made by methods of electric arc fusion in a protective atmosphere and cold rolled with intermediate vacuum annealing. Morphology of the filter surface shows differences due to the element composition of the alloys. Manifestations of cavitation in the form of micron-sized funnels were found in palladium doping with lead and the absence of such funnels for palladium alloy with indium and ruthenium. Differences in the surface roughness of the samples are shown. In the mode of contrast of lateral forces, the atomic force microscopy method determined the presence of surface areas of different hardness. The obtained results are important for the choice of material for the manufacture of membrane filters with improved performance characteristics and for the development of the elemental composition of membrane filters in order to optimize their operation in high-tech modern technological processes.
Organosilicon Polymeric Acetylene Derivatives: X-Ray Spectral Study and Quantum-Chemical Calculations
Authors: Tatevosyan M. M. , Vlasenko V. G. , Shirayeva A. A. , Zhukova T. N.
Published: December 2024

The atomic and electronic structure of two organosilicon polymers [–Ph2Si–(C≡C)2–]n (P1) and [–Ph2Si–(C≡C–C≡C)2–]m (P2) (where Ph — is phenyl group) of acetylene and diacetylene types by methods of density functional theory and X-ray emission spectroscopy. The interpretation of X-ray emission SiKβ1-spectra of these polymers was carried out based on an analysis of the distribution of partial electronic states obtained from quantum chemical calculations. Quantitative characteristics of the parameters of the chemical interaction of atoms, such as populations, natural charges, and electronic configurations in the studied polymers, were obtained based on the analysis of hybrid natural bond orbitals. The obtained values of the natural bond orbitals polarization coefficients indicate that the electron density is localized predominantly on carbon atoms. The electronic configurations for carbon atoms in different fragments differ significantly. For C atoms of ethynyl (diethynyl) fragments, they are close to linear σ-bond with sp1.03 (P1) and sp0.95 (P2) configurations, while for C atoms of phenyl fragments it is sp2.42, intermediate between sp2 and sp3 configurations. The natural charges on Si in both polymers are almost the same: +1.58e, +1.59e, while the natural charges on the carbon atoms of the diethynyl group decrease in comparison with the charge on the carbon atom of the ethynyl group from –0.42e to –0.36e.
Influence of Pulsed Beam-Plasma Impact on a Tungsten–Copper Pseudoalloy in the Plasma Focus Device
Authors: Borovitskaya I. V. , Demin A. S. , Epifanov N. A. , Latyshev S. V. , Maslyaev S. A. , Morozov E. V. , Pimenov V. N. , Sasinovskaya I. P. , Bondarenko G. G. , Gaidar A. I.
Published: December 2024

The results of a study of the combined effect on the W–Cu pseudoalloy of pulsed flows of deuterium ions with a power density qi ≈ 1 × 109 W/cm2 at an exposure duration of τi = 20 ns and deuterium plasma with parameters qpl ≈ 1 × 108 W/cm2 and τpl = 20 ns generated in the Plasma Focus setup “Vikhr” are presented. It is shown that in the implemented mode of irradiation, the nature of the damage to the surface layer of the tested material depends on the state of the surface of the irradiated samples and the number of pulsed impacts of energy flows. The impact of pulsed irradiation on the polished surface of pseudoalloy samples leads to the appearance of extended copper drops on the tungsten surface and to the formation of many pores, which are observed both in Cu drops and in the W matrix. In addition, microcracks appear on the W surface, as well as islands of a copper film of arbitrary configuration. Repeated irradiation of samples of the studied material with an unpolished surface leads to the formation of chains of tungsten droplets located in the upper parts of extended ridges formed during grinding of the original samples. Bursting bubbles are also visible on the irradiated surface, which arose as a result of the boiling of copper inclusions and a copper film deposited on tungsten. Clusters of such bubbles are often localized along ridges on the tungsten surface. The results obtained are discussed using numerical calculations and analysis of the thermal effect on the considered pseudoalloy under pulsed irradiation.
REFORMERS WHO WERE NOT NOTICED... NIKOLAI ALEXANDROVICH ZHELVAKOV, 1893–1972, AND PAVEL NIKODIMOVICH GRUZDEV, 1889–1953
Authors: Ryzhov A. N.
Published: December 2024

The material presented in the article is devoted to one of the little-studied aspects of the professional activity and scientific views of two famous scholars-educators – Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zhelvakov and Pavel Nikodimovich Gruzdev. This side can be considered the defense of their own scientific views and beliefs in the difficult conditions of the 1930-50s. being based on understanding the harmfulness of mixing science and politics and the need to use domestic scientific traditions. Professor Zhelvakov’s area of scientific interest was the history of national education, and Professor Gruzdev was interested in the methodology of educational science. To study this problem, the article used handwritten and published scientific works as well as archival materials from the Scientific Archive of the Russian Academy of Education. As the result of the review and analysis of the materials involved, not only the rather unexpected for that time desire of the scientists to rely on pre-revolutionary scientific ideas in the field of theory and history of pedagogy was shown, but also an attempt to return in their teaching and scientific activities, as well as works, to the traditions of pre-revolutionary pedagogy. The serious opposition of the scientific community to attempts to return to the pedagogical traditions of the past, presented in the article, deserves special consideration.
THE GENESIS OF APPROACHES TO THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN RUSSIAN EDUCATION DURING THE LATE XX – EARLY XXI CENTURIES
Authors: Rybak M. V.
Published: December 2024

In the late XX – early XXI century, political, economic and socio-cultural changes in Russia led to the transformation of the national education system. They also touched upon the system of teaching foreign languages, since rapidly developing international cooperation in various fields of activity required specialists who spoke foreign languages in order to establish and expand partnership contacts. The article analyzes the systemic, cultural, communicative, differentiated and competency-based approaches in teaching a foreign language, shows their development in the late XX – early XXI centuries, as well as the current state, and defines their role in the formation of both linguistic and cultural competencies in students. It is concluded that these approaches are interrelated and organically complement each other, develop intercultural communication skills, and foster respect for other cultures.
AN OVERVIEW OF MODERN RESEARCH INTO MILITARY HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION IN RUSSIA
Authors: Suzdaltsev E. L.
Published: December 2024

The author gives an overview of research into the military historical reconstruction in Russia. Based on the personal experience of participation in the movement both as the head of the club and as the chairman of Moscow regional branch of the All-Russian public movement “Clubs of Historical Reconstruction of Russia”, the author gives his definition of military historical reconstruction and systematically analyzes scientific works published in recent years which analyze various aspects of military historical reconstruction. The review highlights those studies the authors of which participate in the movement, applying their knowledge gained in the course of their research in practice when reconstructing the battles included in the military chronicle of the history of the peoples of Russia. The author concludes that the movement has great scientific and practical potential which can be manifested in various fields of human activity: science, education, tourism, leisure, theater, museology, etc.
EFFECTIVE DOMESTIC PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES: THE RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS ISSUES
Authors: Ovchinnikov A. V.
Published: December 2024

The article discusses issues related to the retrospective analysis of effective pedagogical practices in the Russian Federation in the 1960s and 1980s; it proposes a definition of effective pedagogical practices and some methodological grounds for their retrospective analysis. The main sources that can become the basis for a more detailed study of effective pedagogical practices of the past in order to use this experience in the conditions of modernization of modern Russian general education are given.
PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT OF TEACHERS AS AN URGENT PROBLEM OF OUR TIME
Authors: Novik I. R. , Pimanova N. A. , Zhadaev A. Yu. , Mamaeva N. A.
Published: December 2024

The article highlights the problem associated with professional burnout of socially oriented professions, including teachers. The negative factors contributing to this process are considered, as well as the positive sides that prevent professional and emotional burnout of these professional categories of people.

The conducted pedagogical research has shown that the same number of school teachers and university lecturers are subject to the professional burnout. Despite the fact that, as a rule, scientific and pedagogical workers who are passionate about their work at the university, the “paperwork” with writing various records and reports sometimes puts them in a stressful situation, since the time to engage in educational and scientific work is reduced significantly, which leads to the emergence of the “professional burnout” syndrome.
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE IN STUDENTS ENROLLED IN SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Authors: Melnikov Ya. A.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the conditions conducive to the formation and development of historical knowledge in students enrolled in secondary vocational education (SPE) programs. The article gives a general description of the current state of the SPE educational system in relation to the subject “History”; shows the importance of studying history; summarizes the pedagogical conditions for the formation of historical knowledge in the SPE educational system. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematization of the theoretical perspective of the study through the use of effective pedagogical conditions for studying topics related to the history of the small Homeland (Amur region), contributing to the formation of historical knowledge in students of secondary vocational education. As a result of the study, it was possible to identify difficulties and problems in forming historical knowledge by the SPE students, as well as to determine effective pedagogical conditions that allow them to form historical knowledge.
EDUCATIONAL INTERACTIVE-NARRATIVE COMPUTER PROGRAM, OR HOW A COMPUTER GAME WILL BECOME AN INDEPENDENT MEANS OF TEACHING HISTORY AND SOCIAL STUDIES
Authors: Filonenko E. A.
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes and reveals the specifics of the computer game phenomenon as a potential tool for teaching history and social studies. Exploring the gaming and text-symbolic components of a computer game using the example of several game projects, the author of the article sees in computer games a multifaceted pedagogical toolkit for the education, development and upbringing of a potential student. The author gives reasons for the topicality of applying the computer games in modern education and suggests the author’s theoretical development of a pedagogically oriented computer game.
FEATURES OF CHARACTER ACCENTUATIONS, COPING STRATEGIES AND ANXIETY IN THE FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT AREAS OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING
Authors: Kononova O. B.
Published: December 2024

The article describes the study the purpose of which was to determine the accentuation of character, coping strategies and anxiety in the 1st year students of different areas of vocational training. The study involved first-year students of Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University in various fields of vocational training. The following methods were used: the K. Leonhard – N. Shmishek test questionnaire; the method “Overcoming difficult life situations” by V. Janke, G. Erdmann (adaptation by N. E. Vodopyanova) and the Spielberger-Khanin anxiety scale (STAI). Students of the direction of “Electricity supply”, significantly more than students of the direction of “Transportation process management”, revealed the accentuation of the character “Cyclothymic type”; these students are more prone to changing emotions, more often go to extremes, experiencing either great joy or a deep apathetic state under the influence of external circumstances. Students of the “Electricity Supply” direction have a large repertoire of effective coping strategies compared to the other group, which can contribute to a more successful adaptation to university studies. The analysis of correlations has shown the importance of personal anxiety in the personal profile of students in two areas of training. The situational anxiety is less significant for these groups, but, nevertheless, it manifests itself in connection with individual character accentuations. The hypotheses of the study were partially confirmed.
VOCATIONAL TRAINING OF THE PERSONNEL IN THE INTERESTS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Lobanov A. V. , Rodionov M. A. , Shiryaev S. D.
Published: December 2024

The most important factor in ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation is its scientific and technological development, in connection with which there is a need to assess the potential of the higher professional education system to provide industry with the necessary personnel. So we conducted a study in which we studied data on the number of applicants and the actual graduation of bachelors, specialists, masters over the past ten years in various areas of training (specialties): mathematics and information technology, physics and engineering, chemistry and materials science. The data analysis showed a rapid increase in the number of future mathematical and IT personnel with a clear decrease in output. The number of admitted physics and engineering personnel remains virtually unchanged, with a slight decrease in the number of graduates. Negative dynamics of admission and actual graduation since 2018 have been observed for chemical and materials science specialties.
VALUES AND ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF TRANSFORMATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
Authors: Finko M. V.
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the problem related to the definition of narratives and formation of principles of the sovereign domestic system of higher education in Russia. The relevance of the chosen topic, on the one hand, is determined by the scale of external and internal global challenges, on the other hand, by the need to preserve the basic constants of the Russian education, traditionally preserving its semantic and value core. It is substantiated that the main institution of upbringing and socialization of personality in modern society is education, and the socio-cultural educational space is a medium and at the same time a powerful resource for preserving and transmitting the historically developed system of ideals, guidelines and values to subsequent generations.

In this regard, it is important to consider the peculiarities of formation of value orientations and attitudes of modern university students in the conditions of changing approaches to the organization of the educational process, actualization of models and formats of education, implementation of individual educational trajectories in the educational process. The article focuses on the analysis of the dynamics of the state and evaluation of students’ education, as well as the organization of the educational process and the implementation of the principles of embedding and introduction of new learning formats. The central place in the content of the article is occupied by the analysis of research related to the identification of value orientations and attitudes in various spheres of realization of tasks of the modern system of higher education in Russia, including transformation processes and social integration of young people in the activities of the university in accordance with the new realities..
ENGLISH FOR SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS
Authors: ANDERSEN I.V.
Published: December 2024

Учебное пособие по английскому языку предназначено для магистрантов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 44.04.03 Специальное (дефектологическое) образование (направленность – логопедия), аспирантов, студентов, ведущих научно-исследовательскую работу на разных этапах обучения, профессиональных логопедов, а также для широкого круга лиц, интересующихся проблемами нарушений речи. Учебное пособие опирается на корпус исследований и публикаций по дисциплине, отвечающих актуальной повестке и соответствующих тематике, предусмотренной рабочей программой дисциплины «Иностранный язык для специальных целей». Методологической основой разработки пособия является синергетический подход, предполагающий интеграцию технологии тезаурусного моделирования профессиональных терминов логопедии и корпусные инструменты для организации проблемного подхода к формированию иноязычного научно-профессионального дискурса.
КАТАЛАНСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ-ИСПАНИСТОВ
Authors: ГАЛИЦКАЯ В.А.
Published: December 2024

Учебно-методическое пособие по каталанскому языку разработано специально для студентов гуманитарных специальностей, уже владеющих испанским языком на уровне А2-В1. Пособие состоит из введения, основной части и ключей к упражнениям. Основная часть пособия включает 12 уроков, направленных на формирование продуктивных лексико-грамматических навыков каталанского языка. В каждом разделе присутствует теоретическая часть, тексты на каталанском языке, комплекс упражнений и словарь с переводом на русский язык.
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ДЕВИАНТНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ
Authors: ПАВЛОВА А.Б. , БАРЫШЕВА Е.В. , ЛАРИН А.Н.
Published: December 2024

В монографии раскрываются теоретические основы формирования девиантного поведения обучающихся образовательных организаций. Содержание монографии раскрывает основные аспекты факторно-причинной обусловленности девиаций, анализирует многообразные формы девиантных проявлений и показывает значимость проведения педагогической профилактики. Монография адресована педагогам, психологам, другим педагогическим работникам, интересующимся проблемами девиантного поведения несовершеннолетних и организацией профилактической работы в условиях образовательных организаций. Монография может быть использована преподавателями психолого-педагогических дисциплин при построении соответствующих курсов; студентами педагогических вузов, обучающихся по направлениям 44.03.01 Педагогическое образование, 44.03.05 Педагогическое образование (с двумя профилями подготовки), 37.03.01 Психология.
УЧЕБНАЯ ПРАКТИКА (ПЛЕНЭР). ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ РАБОТЫ ГРАФИЧЕСКИМИ И ЖИВОПИСНЫМИ МАТЕРИАЛАМИ
Authors: ВОЛКОВА Т.В. , ВОРОНИНА Е.В.
Published: December 2024

В учебно-методическом пособии рассматриваются важные проблемы освоения дисциплины «Пленэр», вопросы организации учебной практики студентов-бакалавров, содержится информация об отдельных заданиях по рисунку и живописи на пленэре и о материалах, которые должны освоить студенты во время практики. Пособие адресовано студентам-бакалаврам 1–2 курсов ХГФ педвузов, обучающихся по направлению 44.03.05 Педагогическое образование (с двумя профилями подготовки), учителям художественных и общеобразовательных школ и тем, кто самостоятельно занимается изобразительным искусством.
Breeding biology, morphometric relationships and condition Factor of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Ahmed S. ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh, Paul S.K. ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh, Lahiri T. ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh, Rana M.S. ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh, Rahman M.J. ,   Department of Marine Science, Institute of Marine Science and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh, Sarker B.S. ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh, Saha D. ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
Published: December 2024

Lepidocephalichthys guntea, commonly known as loach, is a popular freshwater fish found in various water bodies. This study collected 210 specimens (148 females, 62 males) from fish markets in Noakhali, Bangladesh, to measure various length, weight, gonado-somatic index (GSI), fecundity and condition factor. To establish correlations, the relationships between length-length, length-weight, and GSI with both length and weight were analyzed. Body weight ranged from 1.99 to 8.89 g (mean 4.21 ± 1.49 g), and total length from 6.5 to 10.3 cm (mean 7.91 ± 0.77 cm). GSI peaked in June (8.63±1.16%), followed by May (6.58±0.89%), with the lowest values in September (0.01%). Mean fecundity was 7415.3±1168.54 in May and June (spawning season). The condition factor (KF) was highest (1.04) in fish between 9.5–10.4 cm and lowest (0.87) in the 7.5–8.4 cm group. The coefficient of correlation (r2) values showed a strong positive relationship between body weight (BW) and both total length (TL) and standard length (SL). Moderate positive correlations were found between BW and head length (HL), and BW and body circumferences (BD) in pooled and female samples. However, in male, the correlations for BW vs. HL, BW vs. BD, as well as TL vs. HL and TL vs. BD, were asymmetrical. The relationships between GSI and both BW and gonad weight (GW) showed moderate positive correlations. Conversely, the coefficient of correlation between GSI and TL in the pooled sample, and GSI with both TL and BW in males, were indicating weak correlations. This study will provide valuable insights for conservation policymakers and hatchery owners, aiding in efforts to prevent the extinction of this species in the wild.
Hydroacoustic studies of macrozooplankton in Lake Baikal
Authors: Makarov M.M. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Dzyuba E.V. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Zaydykov I.Yu. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Naumova E.Yu. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
Published: December 2024

A hydroacoustic survey of the distribution of aggregations of Macrohectopus branickii (Amphipoda) in Barguzinsky Bay of Lake Baikal was conducted for the first time in the last 30 years. The hydroacoustic complex “Echo-Baikal” was used in the research. Verification of hydroacoustic data is based on the results of synchronous net catches with a JOM net. The present study demonstrates that macrohectopus aggregations are confined to slope zone areas with depths of 100–150 m. The dependence between the strength of the mean volume backscattering and the density of macrohectopus was obtained, based on which its biomass in Barguzinsky Bay was estimated at 2.7·106 kg.
Bibliometric Evaluation of Publications on Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition (2000-2024)
Authors: Fei Xie , Ali Mahfoodh Omer Hassan , Ganapathy Malini N. G.
Published: December 2024

While extensive research has explored Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition (SLVA) acquisition, there has been a lack of comprehensive bibliometric analysis on this topic. This study addresses this gap by investigating research trends and collaboration networks in SLVA over the past 24 years. Publications on SLVA were retrieved and analysed using data extracted from the Web of Science, a widely-used research database. Using CiteSpace software, we analysed bibliographic details, including countries, institutions, authors, and keywords, and created interactive visualizations. A total of 3905 publications were identified as of April 2, 2024. The United States led in productivity with 1079 publications, while Radboud University Nijmegen was the most prolific institution with 55 publications. Stuart Webb emerged as the most active author, contributing 29 publications. ‘Vocabulary’ was the most frequent keyword, appearing 1033 times, highlighting its centrality in research developments. The analysis of scientific network maps and keywords revealed significant changes and emerging trends in SLVA research. These results provide meaningful insights and highlight several promising avenues for future exploration in SLVA research.
Addressing the issue of creative and art’s cognition in science on the example of microhistory
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Tekhov Denis A.
Published: December 2024

Contemporary researchers frequently address the issue of mutual relations between science and art. This question is considered in the his-torical works between the history of science and art, in the investigation of science-art practices, in the epistemological papers focus-ing on the relationship between scientific, ar-tistic and creative cognition, and in psycholo-gy and cognitive science, where creativity as a characteristic of scientific cognition is one of the subjects. The relationship between scien-tific and creative cognition is addressed in historical epistemology of such authors as K. Ginzburg, H. White, J. Tosh, and B. Croce. This article investigates microhistory in the inter-pretation of K. Ginzburg, who finds in artistic cognition a mean of actualizing history as a science. This approach has been criticized by some historians as leading to unsubstantiated evidence, making history unscientific. In the context of the historian’s ambiguous treat-ment of creative and artistic knowledge, the author ponders how creative and artistic el-ements of historical craft can contribute not so much to the questioning, but to the affir-mation of scientificity of history. The article is structured in three parts. The first part con-tains definitions of the phenomena of under-standing, and of creative and artistic cognition as distinct in the local epistemological tradi-tion. The second part examines microhistory as a historical scientific practice that has its foundation in cultural anthropology. The last part contains demonstration of how creative and artistic cognition, which contributes to the preservation of scientificity, is realized in microhistory through the technique of de-familiarization.
Status of Plant Invasion In India As Divulged From Kalidasa's Sanskrit Scriptures
Authors: Patil Dinkarrao Amrutrao
Published: December 2024

Biodiversity is the mainstay of mankind and crucial for ecosystem functions. Although so, it is not stable and changing pattern of biodiversity are discernible worldwide on account of biological or plant invasion. Plant species are invaded intentionally, naturally or accidentally.  Before embarking upon any developmental activities in a region, we have to take a stock of scenario about the status of biodiversity. In this regard, the present author made a headway collecting evidences of plant invasion (bioinvasion) on Indian subcontinent. Kalidasa's ancient Sanskrit scripts viz., Abhigyanshakuntalam, Meghaduta, Raghuvansham and Kumarsambhavam have been assessed from the viewpoint of plant invasion in India, the results of this study are being presented in this communication. This account may aid in the history of bioinvasion in India in view of biodiversity management.
Algorithm for Semantic Network Generation from Texts of Low Resource Languages Such as Kiswahil
Authors: Wamkaya Wanjawa Barack , Muchemi Lawrence , Miriti Evans
Published: December 2024

Processing low-resource languages, such as Kiswahili, using machine learning is difficult due to lack of adequate training data. However, such low-resource languages are still important for human communication and are already in daily use and users need practical machine processing tasks such as summarization, disambiguation and even question answering (QA). One method of processing such languages, while bypassing the need for training data, is the use semantic networks. Some low resource languages, such as Kiswahili, are of the subject-verb-object (SVO) structure, and similarly semantic networks are a triple of subject-predicate-object, hence SVO parts of speech tags can map into a semantic network triple. An algorithm to process raw natural language text and map it into a semantic network is therefore necessary and desirable in structuring low resource languages texts. This algorithm tested on the Kiswahili QA task with up to 78.6% exact match.
Effect of Capital Expenditure on Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Gurung Abin , Kumar Saini Vinod , Dhakal Kamal , Kumar K. C. Vikash
Published: December 2024

The government of Nepal has allocated substantial funds to key Ministries with the aim of promoting economic development, primarily focusing on education, health, agriculture, and transportation sectors. Despite these increased expenditures, there is ongoing debate regarding the actual effect of government spending on economic growth. This research critically analyzes the effects of major government capital expenditure on economic growth in Nepal, specifically examining public spending in education, health, agriculture, and transportation. The study objectives include assessing how public capital expenditure in these sectors influences economic growth in Nepal. Using a causal relationship approach, the study utilizes secondary data obtained from the Ministry of Finance and Central Bureau of Statistics covering the period from fiscal year 1990/91 to 2021/22. The research formulated four hypotheses, including one suggesting that increased expenditure does not lead to higher Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP). Methodologically, the study employs the Johansen cointegration test and Error Correction Method (ECM) to analyze the relationships among variables. Prior to analysis, the data underwent stationarity tests and necessary preprocessing for accuracy. The findings, based on short-run and long-run relationships identified through three cointegrating equations, indicate that expenditure on health, agriculture, and transportation significantly and positively correlates with RGDP at the 5% significance level. However, expenditures on education were found to be statistically insignificant in their effect on RGDP. Furthermore, the study reveals a positive and significant relationship between expenditure on agriculture and education. As a result, the study recommends that the government consider increasing allocations to health, agriculture, and transportation sectors to foster economic growth effectively. In conclusion, the research underscores the importance of targeted public capital expenditure in specific sectors to achieve sustainable economic growth in Nepal, highlighting nuances in the effect of government spending across different domains.
КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКА ЯК ФАКТОР ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: ЛИТВИНОВ Олексій , ФІЛІПЕНКО Наталія , ЛУКАШЕВИЧ Сергій , ПАЛКОВА Карина
Published: December 2024

У статті проаналізовано вплив кіберзлочинності на функціонування закладів вищої освіти та розглянуто можливі шляхи попередження і подолання кібератак. Підкреслено, що поряд із численними перевагами використання комп'ютерних технологій, вони також створюють загрози, пов'язані зі складністю забезпечення безпеки даних. Встановлено, що сучасні світові тенденції протидії кіберзагрозам поступаються перед масштабами та ефективністю дій кіберзлочинців, що спричиняє збільшення кількості агресивних і успішних кібератак. Особливу увагу приділено зростанню атак на освітні мережі в останні роки. У статті запропоновано організаційні заходи, спрямовані на вирішення проблем кібербезпеки. Зроблено висновок, що ключовими факторами ефективного протистояння кіберзагрозам є рівень підготовки, компетентність і відповідальність учасників освітнього процесу. Це, у свою чергу, визначає стабільність і успішність роботи закладів вищої освіти України.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ НАУКОВО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ
Authors: БІЛОХА Андрій , ФЕДОСЕНКО Наталія
Published: December 2024

У науковій роботі досліджено актуальні виклики, з якими стикається освітня сфера України в умовах воєнного стану, зокрема перехід на дистанційну форму навчання. Автором проаналізоване нормативно-правове регулювання дистанційної роботи в Україні, акцентуючи увагу на статті 60-2 Кодексу законів про працю України, яка визначає поняття дистанційної праці. Особливу увагу приділено специфіці праці науково-педагогічних працівників, які працюють в умовах дистанційного режиму. Розкрито правові виклики, пов’язані з організацією дистанційної роботи, включаючи додаткові завдання для наково-педагогічних працівників, необхідність адаптації до інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій, а також зростання навантаження через організацію освітнього процесу в умовах воєнного стану і періодичних відключень електроенергії. Визначені обмеження, які виникають через підпорядкування внутрішньому трудовому розпорядку та залежність від зовнішніх обставин, таких як пандемії чи збройна агресія. Висновки вказують на необхідність подальшого розвитку правового регулювання дистанційної праці, зокрема для науково-педагогічних працівників, аби забезпечити якість освіти і чіткість у визначенні трудових правовідносин.
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ В НАУКОВИХ УСТАНОВАХ ЧЕРЕЗ МЕХАНІЗМ КОЛЕКТИВНО-ДОГОВІРНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПРАЦІ
Authors: КОРНІЛОВ Дмитро
Published: December 2024

Автор досліджує проблему правової колізії між нормами Кодексу законів про працю України та Закону України «Про наукову і науково-технічну діяльність» щодо регулювання дистанційної роботи працівників наукових установ. Зазначено, що чинні вимоги про впровадження дистанційної роботи через правила внутрішнього трудового розпорядку є застарілими та не відповідають сучасному трудовому законодавству. Автор пропонує усунути цю невідповідність, виключивши застарілі норми із законодавства та перенести регулювання дистанційної роботи до колективного договору. Колективний договір розглядається як оптимальний інструмент, що дозволяє врахувати специфіку діяльності установи, забезпечити баланс інтересів працівників і роботодавців та уникнути трудових спорів
БЕЗПЕКА В ОСВІТІ: ПАРТНЕРСТВО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІЦІЇ ТА УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ
Authors: ОНОПРІЄНКО Олександр , ОНОПРІЄНКО Сергій , ТУР Ірина
Published: December 2024

У доповіді розглянуті питання створення належних умов безпеки для учасників освітнього процесу шляхом налагодження взаємодії підрозділів національної поліції України із адміністрацією закладів вищої освіти як елементу сектору критичної інфраструктури у попередженні правопорушень, створення безпекового освітнього середовища за допомогою не лише стандартних заходів, але й новітніх проектів, наприклад, використання послуг спеціаліста з безпеки
СТРУКТУРА ЗЛОЧИННОСТІ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ КРИМІНОЛОГІЧНОГО АНАЛІЗУ КРИМІНАЛЬНОГО СЕПАРАТИЗМУ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: СЕДИХ Петро
Published: December 2024

В тезах доповіді наголошується на тому, що кримінальний сепаратизм як злочинне явище має власну структури, що складається з кримінальних правопорушень, які в своїй основі передбачають в тому чи іншому вигляді певний рух, що спрямований на відокремлення від держави частини її території та населення. Констатується те, що питома вага кримінального сепаратизму в загальній злочинності України має низький рівень. Зазначається те, що найбільш характерними кримінальними правопорушеннями кримінального сепаратизму є державна зрада та посягання на територіальну цілісність і недоторканність України