bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tackling sustainable development challenges: A fuzzy set examination of textile industry 4.0 and green supply chain barriers
Authors: Khurshid Adnan , Khan Khalid , Khan Saleem , Cifuentes‐Faura Javier
Published: May 2024

Circular supply chains transform linear manufacturing into closed‐loop systems that promote Industry 4.0 and sustainable development. However, the barriers to China's textile sector have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study analyzes the contextual links between identified barriers and their prioritization for effective circular economy and green product development. This study enlisted 75 specialists to evaluate various obstacles utilizing the q‐ROFS approach for comprehensive quantitative analysis. The results revealed the interdependence of barriers and identified major devising from the market, financial, and organizational sides. The significant impact of market barriers on other challenges is shown by high similarity (90%), showing market problems' profound effects. Financial constraints significantly impact organizational and market barriers, stressing the role of economic factors in adoption challenges. Sociological, financial, and market issues are interconnected with organizational barriers, emphasizing the need for an integrated strategy. Finally, the assessments rank market‐related constraints, followed by economic and organizational barriers. Then there are society, the environment, and technological, supply chain, and government barriers faced by the Chinese textile industry. These results emphasize the need for comprehensive policies to overcome market, financial, and organizational barriers and the role of economics and market dynamics in adoption.
Remelting of In Situ Fe‐xTiC Metal Matrix Composites by the Sessile Drop Method: Characteristic Temperatures and Microstructural Analysis
Authors: Perminov Anton , Ilatovskaia Mariia O. , Wei Xingwen , Dudczig Steffen , Fabrichnaya Olga , Volkova Olena
Published: May 2024

The remelting of Fe‐xTiC metal matrix composites (MMCs) is studied using the sessile drop method. This is to determine the conditions needed for the complete dissolution of TiC precipitates in the Fe‐based melt. Samples with different amounts of TiC (2, 3.5, and 5 wt%) are analyzed in a hot‐stage microscope (HSM), capturing the softening and melting temperatures. A Cr‐alloyed steel is selected as a matrix. Consequently, the presence of TiC elevates the melting initiation temperature above the melting point of pure iron (e.g., 1659 ± 10 °C for Fe‐5TiC). Furthermore, samples with higher TiC amounts exhibit higher melting initiation temperatures. This trend is confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry measurements, conducted on the representative Fe‐xTiC samples. Microstructural examinations of the solidified (HSM) samples identify two distinct TiC precipitate morphologies: primary blocky/cubic and secondary eutectic plate like. For instance, the Fe‐5TiC sample contains numerous blocky/cubic precipitates (7.5 ± 3.1 μm) clustered at the upper cross‐ section, while secondary plate‐like precipitates (20.4 ± 11.8 μm) are uniformly distributed in eutectic assemblies with the matrix. This study provides meaningful insights for optimizing the production of as‐cast and as‐atomized Fe‐TiC MMCs, particularly in selecting reinforcement levels and homogenization temperatures for complete TiC dissolution.
Vertical load distribution in precast hollow core floors: State of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Jeziorski Miłosz , Derkowski Wit , Michelini Elena
Published: May 2024

Precast prestressed hollow core (HC) floors are widely used in various applications within the construction sector. Such floors are usually designed as single, simply supported elements, although it is known that individual elements forming the floor interact with each other. This article presents the state of the art regarding load redistribution in HC floors in the light of experimental data, current analytical models and code provisions. While this phenomenon is widely known and recognized, only sparse, and often poorly documented experimental data are available, which represent the basis for the assessment and calibration of analytical models. Moreover, even though the available models and code provisions share similar assumptions, their outcomes are in some cases conflicting. Having recognized the existing knowledge gap, the authors outline future perspectives for the development of consistent analytical and numerical approaches supplemented by new experimental data.
Influence of CLIL with MOOCs on Japanese EFL students' L2 willingness to communicate and international posture
Authors: Yamaoka Kanako
Published: May 2024

This study investigates whether Japanese university students' motivation to communicate in English was enhanced through the application of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) practices. Fifty‐three non–English majors took a CLIL English class that utilized massive open online course (MOOC) content for a semester. They gave presentations on the MOOC of their choice after watching lectures for a certain period. A questionnaire on second‐language (L2) willingness to communicate (WTC) and international posture was administered three times throughout the semester. Analysis of variance showed significant effects on the factor having things to communicate, whereas L2 WTC and other elements of international posture did not change significantly. A qualitative analysis of students' comments on classes indicated that allowing students to learn topics of interest to them and giving presentations boosted having things to communicate, intercultural approach‐avoidance tendency, and L2 WTC. Based on these results, the author discusses the importance of students' autonomy in learning topics and the necessity of longitudinal research and increasing opportunities for students to speak English in useful and authentic ways.
Role of autonomic nervous system in BDE‐209 maternal exposure induced immunotoxicity in female offspring
Authors: Mao Guanghua , Tang Junjie , Xu Muge , Okeke Emmanuel Sunday , Dong Fangyuan , Chen Yao , Gao Jinlin , Feng Weiwei , Zhao Ting , Wu Xiangyang , Yang Liuqing
Published: May 2024

Decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE‐209) is a typical persistent organic pollutant that can cross the placental barrier, increasing the exposure risk for offspring. Norepinephrine (NE) from nerve terminals and acetylcholine (Ach) can bind to specific receptors on immune cells, inhibit the immune function of the body then cause immunotoxicity. However, whether maternal exposure to BDE‐209 could lead to immunotoxicity in the offspring by acting on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems remains unclear. In view of this, the pregnancy and lactation rat BDE‐209 exposure model was established and the results demonstrated that pregnancy and lactation BDE‐209 exposure could induce immunotoxicity to female offspring via affecting immunopathology (hematological and biochemical parameters, organ indices, and spleen histopathological), decreasing humoral immunity (serum hemolysin, immunoglobulins, and cytokine productions), damaging cellular immunity (splenic lymphocytes and spleen cytokine productions), and restraining nonspecific immunity. Moreover, a dramatically significant correlation was observed between spleen nerve indices and immunity indices. Additionally, the mechanism revealed that maternal BDE‐209 exposure caused offspring immunotoxicity through (1) activating MHC/PKCθ/NF‐κB pathway; (2) promoting sympathetic nervous pathway, by upregulating the expression of β2AR protein, which in turn elevating cAMP, following activate PKA and phosphorylate CREB, ultimately leading to immunotoxicity;(3) activating parasympathetic nerve pathway by reducing the binding with Ach and α7nAchR, upregulating the expression of JAK2 and phosphorylating STAT3, induced immunotoxicity of female offspring.
Postoperative tumor treatment strategies: From basic research to clinical therapy
Authors: Xiao Minna , Wang Lin , Tang Qinglai , Yang Qian , Yang Xinming , Zhu Gangcai , Lei Lanjie , Li Shisheng
Published: May 2024

Despite progression in advanced treatments for malignant tumors, surgery remains the primary treatment intervention, which removes a large portion of firm tumor tissues; however, the postoperative phase poses a possible risk for provincial tumor recurrence and metastasis. Consequently, the prevention of tumor recurrence and metastasis has attracted research attention. In this review, we summarized the postoperative treatment strategies for various tumors from both basic research and clinical perspectives. We delineated the underlying factors contributing to the recurrence of malignant tumors with a substantial prevalence rate, related molecular mechanisms of tumor recurrence post‐surgery, and related means of monitoring recurrence and metastasis after surgery. Furthermore, we described relevant therapeutic approaches for postoperative tumor recurrence, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and photodynamic therapy. This review focused on the emerging technologies used for postoperative tumor treatment in recent years in terms of functional classification, including the prevention of postoperative tumor recurrence, functional reconstruction, and monitoring of recurrence. Finally, we discussed the future development and deficiencies of postoperative tumor therapy. To understand postoperative treatment strategies for tumors from clinical treatment and basic research and further guide the research directions for postoperative tumors.
Toward Environmentally sustainable surgery: Waste recycling in general surgery operating room. Preliminary cognitive audit
Authors: Romano Lucia , Giuliani Antonio , Muselli Mario , Lupi Ettore , Iacomino Enzo , De Nardi Paola , Vistoli Fabio
Published: May 2024

Background

It is common practice to classify waste from the operating theater as “clinical”. The development of sustainable policies could have a significant impact. In the first phase, our study aims to measure general surgery waste and to assess the potential financial and carbon savings of appropriate recycling. Based on this information, we will plan for a second phase in which educational interventions will be put in place to promote waste segregation in surgical environments.

Methods

We conducted a preliminary cognitive audit of the most common general surgery procedures to examine the types and quantity of waste produced. We calculated the economic and environmental impacts of disposing of waste treated as clinical or general, and we measured how much of it could actually be recycled. Then, we attempted a projection of the savings we could expect if recycling policies were implemented.

Results

We found that more than 30% of total waste was actually recyclable. Considering a projection based on annual procedures performed in our hospital, we estimated that for each kind of surgical procedure, we could expect a reduction of the carbon footprint by approximately 6%, and an average 3% reduction in costs every year, only by improving waste segregation in the general surgery operating rooms.

Conclusion

There could be a great potential for reducing environmental and economic footprint of the operating rooms by promoting waste recycling protocols. Surgeons are in a unique position to implement for these protocols. Interventions should be codesigned with theater staff to create a “green culture”.
Editors’ Conclusion
Authors: Hensby Alexander , Adewumi Barbara
Published: May 2024

This concluding chapter summarises the book’s contribution to research and practice relating to the white-BAME awarding gap. The editors provide a critical evaluation of its overarching research design and theoretical framework which combines Bourdieu’s theory of capitals, critical race theory, and self-determination theory. Attention is also paid to EDI and race equality policy and practice, including recommendations for how institutions should conduct this work in the future. Finally, the editors offer reflections on why this work matters, including reasons for retaining optimism amid the many constraints this work faces across the HE sector.
Bringing Vocational Qualifications into the Inclusivity Agenda: The Case of the BTEC
Authors: Mitton Lavinia , Hensby Alexander
Published: May 2024

In this chapter, Mitton and Hensby foreground one of the most under-researched intersections within white-BAME attainment research: the role of entry qualifications. It provides statistical analysis of BTEC access and attainment trends, while qualitatively exploring BTEC entrants’ experiences of transitioning to higher education. The authors find that an increasing proportion of students (particularly BAME students) are entering higher education with BTEC qualifications, but they are often disadvantaged by a learning culture that presupposes and privileges A-level entrants. This undervalues key skills and attributes developed through these programmes, while helping promulgate a stigma around BTECs (along with other vocational qualifications) as inferior to A-levels. Moreover, this stigma risks creating a legitimating discourse that helps obfuscate the structural causes of the white-BAME attainment gap. Mitton and Hensby argue for the need to bring vocational entry qualifications into universities’ inclusivity agenda so that BTEC entrants’ needs and experiences are recognised and supported.
The unitary Fermi gas at large charge and large N
Authors: Hellerman Simeon , Krichevskiy Daniil , Orlando Domenico , Pellizzani Vito , Reffert Susanne , Swanson Ian
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We study the unitary Fermi gas in a harmonic trapping potential starting from a microscopic theory in the limit of large charge and large number of fermion flavors N. In this regime, we present an algorithmic procedure for extracting data from perturbation theory, order-by-order, without the need for other assumptions. We perform a gradient expansion in the interior of the particle cloud, sufficiently far from the cloud edge where the particle density drops rapidly to zero. In this latter region we present the first microscopic computation characterizing the contribution of the edge terms. The microscopic theory reproduces the predictions of the superfluid eft, including the action, the form of the gap equation, and the energy of the system in a harmonic trap (which maps, via the non-relativistic state-operator correspondence, to the scaling dimension of the lowest operator of charge Q). We additionally give the Wilsonian coefficients at leading order in N up to nnlo in the large-charge expansion.
Clostridium difficile infection after stoma reversal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature
Authors: Tirelli Flavio , Langellotti Lodovica , Lorenzon Laura , Biondi Alberto , Santoro Gloria , Pezzuto Roberto , Agnes Annamaria , D’Ugo Domenico , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Persiani Roberto
Published: May 2024

Background

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been described in the early post-operative phase after stoma reversal. This systematic review aimed to describe the incidence of CDI after stoma reversal and to identify pre-operative variables correlated with an increased risk of infection.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines in March 2024. Manuscripts were included if reported at least one patient with CDI-associated diarrhoea following stoma reversal (colostomy/ileostomy). The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of CDI; the secondary outcome was the comparison of clinical variables (age, sex, time to stoma reversal, neo-adjuvant and adjuvant therapies after index colorectal procedure) in CDI-positive versus CDI-negative patients. A meta-analysis was performed when at least three studies reported on those variables.

Results

Out of 43 eligible manuscripts, 1 randomized controlled trial and 10 retrospective studies were selected, including 17,857 patients (2.1% CDI). Overall, the mean age was 64.3 ± 11.6 years in the CDI group and 61.5 ± 12.6 years in the CDI-negative group (p = 0.51), with no significant difference in sex (p = 0.34). Univariable analyses documented that the mean time to stoma reversal was 53.9 ± 19.1 weeks in CDI patients and 39.8 ± 15.0 weeks in CDI-negative patients (p = 0.40) and a correlation between neo-adjuvant and adjuvant treatments with CDI (p < 0.001). A meta-analysis was performed for time to stoma reversal, age, sex, and neo-adjuvant therapies disclosing no significant differences for CDI (stoma delay, MD 11.59; 95%CI  24.32–1.13; age, MD 0.97; 95%CI 2.08–4.03; sex, OR1.11; 95%CI 0.88–1.41; neo-adjuvant, OR0.81; 95%CI 0.49–1.35). Meta-analysis including patients who underwent adjuvant therapy evidenced a higher risk of CDI (OR 2.88; 95%CI 1.01–8.17, p = 0.11).

Conclusion

CDI occurs in approximately 2.1% of patients after stoma reversal. Although a trend of increased delay in stoma reversal and a correlation with chemotherapy were documented in CDI patients, the use of adjuvant therapy was the only possible risk factor documented on meta-analysis.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023484704
Neue Wege in der interdisziplinären Fließgewässerforschung – Vorstellung des FWF-Doktoratsprogramms „Industrialisierte Flusslandschaften“ im Rahmen der Doktoratsschule HR21 an der BOKU Wien
Authors: Hein T. , Bondar-Kunze E. , Ertl T. , Graf W. , Habersack H. , Haidvogl G. , Hauer C. , Hood-Nowotny R. , Laaha G. , Mehdi-Schulz B. , Mitter H. , Schinegger R. , Schmid E. , Schmid M. , Schmutz S. , Seher W. , Stockinger M. , Stöglehner G. , Stumpp C. , Weigelhofer G. , Langergraber G.
Published: May 2024

Die meisten Flüsse der Erde sind durch interagierende soziale und natürliche Prozesse geformt und verändert worden. Als industrialisierte Flusslandschaften (Industrialized Riverine Landscapes – IRL) sind sie Teil unserer kritischen Infrastruktur geworden, entscheidend für den Nexus Wasser-Energie-Nahrung, aber auch geprägt durch Extremereignisse und anfällig für den Biodiversitätsverlust im Zuge des globalen Wandels. Diese Situation stellt das Management von Flusslandschaften vor große Herausforderungen und erfordert dringend einen interdisziplinären Ansatz, der Natur‑, Sozial- und Ingenieurwissenschaften integriert, um die Ursachen und den Verlauf des Wandels von Flusssystemen zu analysieren und zu Lösungsansätzen beizutragen. Das FWF-Doktoratsprogramm IRL baut auf der Doktoratsschule „HR21 – Human Rivers Systems in the 21st century“ (hr21.boku.ac.at) an der BOKU Wien auf und erforscht Flusslandschaften als gekoppelte sozio-ökohydrologische Systeme (SEHS). Im Rahmen von Promotionsprojekten werden die Ursachen des Wandels und der Wandel selbst analysiert und mögliche Zukunftsszenarien dargestellt. Die Erforschung von Flüssen als SEHS bringt neue Einsichten in die Koevolution von Natur und Gesellschaft als Wissensgrundlage in eine nachhaltigere Zukunft. Die Doktoratsschule ist in vier Forschungscluster gegliedert, die sich an wesentlichen Systemgrößen der aktuellen Fluss- und Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaft orientieren: (1) Konnektivität, (2) Governance und Planung, (3) Metabolismus und (4) Vulnerabilität. Die DoktorandInnen forschen gemeinsam mit Teams aus BOKU-WissenschaftlerInnen und internationalen KooperationspartnerInnen mit dem Ziel, ein umfassendes Verständnis der Kopplung von natürlichen mit sozialen Systemen zu erhalten. Drei Forschungsfelder, die gleichzeitig drängende Probleme in Flusslandschaften und für die Gesellschaft darstellen, bilden den thematischen Schwerpunkt der fünfzehn neuen Doktoratsprojekte: (1) Extremereignisse, (2) Infrastruktur und Urbanisierung und (3) der Nexus Wasser-Energie-Nahrung.
Long-term survival of resurfacing humeral hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Miettinen Simo S. A. , Liu Yang , Kröger Heikki
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The indication for shoulder resurfacing arthroplasty is controversial, and survival of these implants is somewhat inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term survivorship of resurfacing humeral head implants (RHHIs) and determine risk factors for complications and revisions.

Materials and methods

This retrospective cohort study consisted of 275 cases and two types of RHHIs. The survival rate was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression for risk factor analysis. Demographic factors were studied, and the change in the humerus centre of rotation (COR) was measured.

Results

The mean follow-up time was 8.7 years (SD 2.7 months, range 2.8–15.9 years). The mean age of the patients was 67.6 years (SD 9.6, range 33.5–84.9). Ten-year cumulative RHHI survival was 94.1%. The cumulative estimate without any complication was 98.9% at 5 years, 80.0% at 10 years and at 15 years it was 61.5%. The most common complication was persistent pain in 13.8% of the RHHIs. The risk factors for complications and revisions were implant type, preoperative conditions and change of COR > 5 mm.

Conclusions

RRHIs showed excellent long-term survival, but many complications were found. The most common complication was persistent pain, which seemed to be caused by a change of COR and was more related to one type of implant.
A remarkable change in inhibition potency and selectivity of isofagomine by simple N-modification
Authors: Culum André , Prasch Herwig , Dorn Tobias , Fischer Roland , Gardić Ema , Schmutz Franziska , Steinbrugger Magdalena , Stütz Arnold E. , Weber Patrick , Wrodnigg Tanja M. , Thonhofer Martin
Published: May 2024

Herein, we present an alternative and elegant synthetic approach toward powerful β-glucosidase inhibitor isofagomine. Derivatizations of the ring nitrogen provided a selected set of N-modified isofagomine analogues. Biological evaluation of these compounds showed a remarkable change in potency as well as α/β-preference for various glycosidases from different sources when compared to the parent compound isofagomine. Overall, the conducted N-modification improved the potency against α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GH13). Coming along, significant diminished activities toward GH1 family β-glucosidases from three different sources have been observed for all tested derivatives. Moreover, and contrary to isofagomine, deactivations of β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli (GH2) as well as α-mannosidase from Canavalia ensiformis (GH38) have not been verified for this series of compounds.

Graphical abstract
Synthesising models of primary school mathematicians by putting influencing factors of mathematics performance to the test
Authors: Kelz Jakob , Krammer Georg
Published: May 2024

The gender-sensitive analysis of influencing factors on mathematical performance of primary school pupils can yield valuable insights into facilitating this vital phase of pupils’ educational trajectory. We view gender-sensitive mathematical performance in primary school based on works of Niklas (Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 62, 106, 2015) and Luttenberger et al. (Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 11, 311–322, 2018). All elements of their models can be assigned to structural traits of origin, home learning environment, interacting variables, and mathematics performance. These are presented and described in terms of gender. In our four-year long longitudinal study (n = 239) with four measurement points in primary school, the interplay and predictive power of these elements were analysed with structural equation model. Among the structural traits of origin, socio-economic status and migration background are relevant concerning precursor skills. The home learning environment is not relevant for precursor skills or later mathematics performance. The precursor skills and self-concept appear to be significant for mathematics performance whereas enjoyment of the subject does not matter. Gender affected only two measuring points of mathematics performance, so that the results support the gender similarity hypothesis according to Hyde (The American psychologist, 60, 581–592, 2005.) According to our study, school entry is not shaped by gender differences in social background, affective characteristics, or precursor skills. The results emphasize gender equality at the start of school, so that it is of interest for future studies to determine when and on the basis of which criteria performance differences develop in mathematics.
The Role of Stigma and Resilience in Healthcare Engagement Among Transgender Latinas in the U.S. South: Baseline Findings from the ChiCAS Study
Authors: Goldenberg Tamar , Tanner Amanda E. , McGuire Tucker , Alonzo Jorge , Mann-Jackson Lilli , Refugio Aviles Lucero , Galindo Carla A. , Bessler Patricia A. , Courtenay-Quirk Cari , Garcia Manuel , Reboussin Beth A. , Rhodes Scott D.
Published: May 2024

Research demonstrates that stigma and resilience influence transgender peoples’ healthcare use. Less is known about transgender Latinas in the U.S. South who face multilevel barriers to healthcare access. We used baseline data from the ChiCAS intervention study. Using logistic regression, we examined how stigma (perceived discrimination related to gender identity, race/ethnicity, sexual behavior and perceived documentation status and internalized transphobia), and resilience (ethnic group pride and social support) are associated with two healthcare outcomes (use of routine medical care and medically supervised gender-affirming hormones). We also explored barriers to accessing both types of care. After removing 13 participants with missing data, our sample size was 131 transgender Latinas in the U.S. South. Most participants (74.8%, n = 98) received routine medical care in the past year and 57.3% (n = 75) had ever received medically supervised gender-affirming hormones. Reports of discrimination were highest for gender identity and documentation status. Race/ethnicity-based discrimination was positively associated with accessing routine medical care in the past year (OR = 1.94, p = 0.048). Having more social support was positively associated with care (routine care: OR = 3.48, p = 0.002 and gender-affirming hormones: OR = 2.33, p = 0.003). The most commonly reported barriers to accessing both types of care included cost, insurance, and not knowing where to go. Findings highlight the importance of social support for healthcare use among transgender Latinas. Social support may be especially important when considering the unique experiences of discrimination faced by transgender Latinas in the U.S. South.
Automatic Solar Flare Detection Using the Solar Disk Imager Onboard the ASO-S Mission
Authors: Lu Lei , Tian Zhengyuan , Feng Li , Shan Jiahui , Li Hui , Su Yang , Li Ying , Huang Yu , Li Youping , Li Jingwei , Zhao Jie , Ying Beili , Xue Jianchao , Zhang Ping , Song Dechao , Li Shuting , Shi Guanglu , Su Yingna , Zhang Qingmin , Ge Yunyi , Chen Bo , Li Qiao , Li Gen , Zhou Yue , Tian Jun , Liu Xiaofeng , Jing Zhichen , Gan Weiqun , Song Kefei , He Lingping , Lei Shijun
Published: May 2024

We present an automated solar flare detection software tool to automatically process solar observed images, detect and track solar flares, and finally compile an event catalog. It can identify and track flares that happen simultaneously or temporally close together. The method to identify a flare is based on the local intensity changes in macropixels. The basic characteristics, such as the time and location information of a flare, are determined with a triple-threshold scheme, with the first threshold (global threshold) to determine the occurrence (location) of the flare and the second and third thresholds (local thresholds) to determine the real start and end times of the flare. We have applied this tool to one month of continuous solar ultraviolet (UV) images obtained by the Solar Disk Imager (SDI) onboard the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), which show active phenomena such as flares, filaments or prominences, and solar jets. Our automated tool efficiently detected a total number of 226 solar events. After a visual inspection, we found that only one event was misidentified (unrelated to an active event). We compared the detected events with the GOES X-ray flare list and found that our tool can detect 81% of GOES M-class and above flares (29 out of 36), from which we conclude that the intensity increase in SDI UV images can be considered as a good indicator of a solar flare.
Liver respiratory-induced motion estimation using abdominal surface displacement as a surrogate: robotic phantom and clinical validation with varied correspondence models
Authors: Cordón Avila Ana , Abayazid Momen
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This work presents the implementation of an RGB-D camera as a surrogate signal for liver respiratory-induced motion estimation. This study aims to validate the feasibility of RGB-D cameras as a surrogate in a human subject experiment and to compare the performance of different correspondence models.

Methods

The proposed approach uses an RGB-D camera to compute an abdominal surface reconstruction and estimate the liver respiratory-induced motion. Two sets of validation experiments were conducted, first, using a robotic liver phantom and, secondly, performing a clinical study with human subjects. In the clinical study, three correspondence models were created changing the conditions of the learning-based model.

Results

The motion model for the robotic liver phantom displayed an error below 3 mm with a coefficient of determination above 90% for the different directions of motion. The clinical study presented errors of 4.5, 2.5, and 2.9 mm for the three different motion models with a coefficient of determination above 80% for all three cases.

Conclusion

RGB-D cameras are a promising method to accurately estimate the liver respiratory-induced motion. The internal motion can be estimated in a non-contact, noninvasive and flexible approach. Additionally, three training conditions for the correspondence model are studied to potentially mitigate intra- and inter-fraction motion.
Zugang und Inanspruchnahme von Medizinischen Behandlungszentren für Erwachsene mit Behinderung (MZEB) während der Coronapandemie
Authors: Wetzel Lorena-Denise , Steeb Natalie , Pförtner Timo-Kolja , Rathmann Katharina
Published: May 2024

Hintergrund

Seit 2015 können in Deutschland Medizinische Behandlungszentren für Erwachsene mit Behinderung (MZEB) zur Versorgung von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung oder schweren Mehrfachbehinderungen ermächtigt werden. Der Beitrag untersucht die Folgen der Coronapandemie für den Zugang zu und die Inanspruchnahme von MZEB aus Sicht von MZEB-Leitungspersonen.

Methode

Zwischen 01.02. und 01.09.2021 wurden N = 13 Expert*inneninterviews mit Leitungspersonen aus MZEB geführt. Das Datenmaterial wurde inhaltsanalytisch nach Kuckartz (2016) ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Genannt wurden Folgen beim Zugang zu und der Inanspruchnahme von MZEB auf Ebene der MZEB (z. B. Terminausfälle), der Patient*innen (z. B. Ängste) und auf kontextueller Ebene (z. B. gesetzliche Vorgaben). Dabei fokussierten die meisten Folgen die Zeit hoher Infektionszahlen bzw. des strikten „Lockdowns“. Die Folgen der Pandemie waren nicht in allen MZEB in gleicher Weise bemerkbar.

Diskussion

Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse stehen im Einklang mit Forschungserkenntnissen zum Zugang zu und der Inanspruchnahme von anderen Gesundheitseinrichtungen in Deutschland. Verzerrungen der Ergebnisse könnten aus dem dynamischen Pandemiegeschehen und nach Bundesland variierenden Regelungen (z. B. Einrichtungsschließungen) hervorgehen.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Pandemie hat verschiedene Folgen für MZEB hervorgebracht. Neben den Erfahrungen von Leitungspersonen sind künftig auch Erfahrungen der zu Versorgenden und deren Angehörigen zu erfassen, um die Folgen der Pandemie abschließend zu ermitteln. Langfristig sollte aus den Erfahrungen während der Pandemie gelernt werden, um das „Recht auf Gesundheit“ entsprechend Art. 25 UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention auch in Krisenzeiten umsetzen zu können.
Factors of HOMFLY polynomials
Authors: Blackwell Douglas , Testa Damiano
Published: May 2024

We study factorizations of HOMFLY polynomials of certain prime knots and oriented links. We begin with a computer analysis of prime knots with at most 12 crossings, finding 17 non-trivial factorizations. Next, we give an irreducibility criterion for HOMFLY polynomials of oriented links associated to 2-connected plane graphs.
Assessment of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease before and after lung transplantation
Authors: Rumora Lada , Markelić Ivona , Hlapčić Iva , Tomašković Andrea Hulina , Fabijanec Marija , Džubur Feđa , Samaržija Miroslav , Dugac Andrea Vukić
Published: May 2024

The interplay between purinergic receptors as well as pattern recognition receptors like Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) might have a role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to determine and compare the concentrations of the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and gene expression of their respective receptors as well as NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules in the peripheral blood of patients with end-stage COPD before and 1 year after lung transplantation (LT). Lung function was assessed by spirometry and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was applied for detection of TLR2, TLR4, P2X7R, P2Y2R, IL1B,
CASP1, and NLRP3 expression. High-sensitivity ELISA kits were used for extracellular (e) Hsp70 and IL-1β, and luminescence assay for eATP measurements. Concentrations of eHsp70 and eATP as well as IL-1β were significantly increased in the plasma of end-stage COPD patients and significantly decreased after LT. In addition, TLR4, P2Y2R, IL1B, CASP1, and NLRP3 expression was up-regulated in COPD patients before LT, while it was significantly suppressed after LT. In conclusion, it could be assumed that NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in the peripheral blood of end-stage COPD patients and that eHsp70 and eATP could be responsible for its activation through triggering their receptors. On the other hand, previously enhanced pro-inflammatory reactions seem to be suppressed to the healthy population levels in lung recipients without allograft rejection.
A Comprehensive Perspective on Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Individualized Management in Neurocritical Care: Results of a Survey with Global Experts
Authors: Brasil Sérgio , Godoy Daniel Agustín , Videtta Walter , Rubiano Andrés Mariano , Solla Davi , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Robba Chiara , Rasulo Frank , Aries Marcel , Smielewski Peter , Meyfroidt Geert , Battaglini Denise , Hirzallah Mohammad I. , Amorim Robson , Sampaio Gisele , Moulin Fabiano , Deana Cristian , Picetti Edoardo , Kolias Angelos , Hutchinson Peter , Hawryluk Gregory W. , Czosnyka Marek , Panerai Ronney B. , Shutter Lori A. , Park Soojin , Rynkowski Carla , Paranhos Jorge , Silva Thiago H. S. , Malbouisson Luiz M. S. , Paiva Wellingson S.
Published: May 2024

Background

Numerous trials have addressed intracranial pressure (ICP) management in neurocritical care. However, identifying its harmful thresholds and controlling ICP remain challenging in terms of improving outcomes. Evidence suggests that an individualized approach is necessary for establishing tolerance limits for ICP, incorporating factors such as ICP waveform (ICPW) or pulse morphology along with additional data provided by other invasive (e.g., brain oximetry) and noninvasive monitoring (NIM) methods (e.g., transcranial Doppler, optic nerve sheath diameter ultrasound, and pupillometry). This study aims to assess current ICP monitoring practices among experienced clinicians and explore whether guidelines should incorporate ancillary parameters from NIM and ICPW in future updates.

Methods

We conducted a survey among experienced professionals involved in researching and managing patients with severe injury across low-middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). We sought their insights on ICP monitoring, particularly focusing on the impact of NIM and ICPW in various clinical scenarios.

Results

From October to December 2023, 109 professionals from the Americas and Europe participated in the survey, evenly distributed between LMIC and HIC. When ICP ranged from 22 to 25 mm Hg, 62.3% of respondents were open to considering additional information, such as ICPW and other monitoring techniques, before adjusting therapy intensity levels. Moreover, 77% of respondents were inclined to reassess patients with ICP in the 18–22 mm Hg range, potentially escalating therapy intensity levels with the support of ICPW and NIM. Differences emerged between LMIC and HIC participants, with more LMIC respondents preferring arterial blood pressure transducer leveling at the heart and endorsing the use of NIM techniques and ICPW as ancillary information.

Conclusions

Experienced clinicians tend to personalize ICP management, emphasizing the importance of considering various monitoring techniques. ICPW and noninvasive techniques, particularly in LMIC settings, warrant further exploration and could potentially enhance individualized patient care. The study suggests updating guidelines to include these additional components for a more personalized approach to ICP management.
Fatigue Evaluation of Sulphate-Attacked Industrial Waste-Based Concrete Using Concrete Damaged Plasticity Model
Authors: Ting Matthew Zhi Yeon , Wong Kwong Soon , Rahman Muhammad Ekhlasur , Selowara Joo Meheron
Published: May 2024

Sulphate attack is a major cause of concrete deterioration in marine environments and its interaction with wave-induced cyclic loading exacerbates the damage. This study has evaluated strengths and fatigue performance (i.e. fatigue life, strain and residual displacement) of sulphate-attacked concrete containing silicomanganese slag, fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF). Compressive strength, tensile strength and sulphate profile of sulphate-attacked concrete were measured experimentally. Sulphate-induced damage constitutive relations were formulated and used with concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model to simulate fatigue loading. Experiment showed that incorporating silicomanganese slag lowered sulphate resistance by 4.8–6.6% due to increased sulphate intrusion, but synergy with FA and SF enhanced the resistance by 7.3–13.8% at 365 days. The sulphate penetration depth was 0–20 mm, and the intruded sulphate increased exponentially over time. To evaluate fatigue loading in CDP model, the non-uniform damage was determined as correlation between strength degradation and integral area of sulphate profile. Numerical results were in good agreement with experimental data from literature, with differences of 5.8–26.2% in fatigue life, 9.1–30.1% in fatigue strain and 18.1–41.9% in residual displacement. In long-term deterioration, numerical analysis found that increasing sulphate concentration significantly shortened fatigue life. Despite silicomanganese slag lowered concrete sulphate and fatigue resistance, the inclusion of FA and SF improved the durability and sustainability of concrete for potential marine applications.
Non-invasive Scores and Serum Biomarkers for Fatty Liver in the Era of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Comprehensive Review From NAFLD to MAFLD and MASLD
Authors: Abdelhameed Farah , Kite Chris , Lagojda Lukasz , Dallaway Alexander , Chatha Kamaljit Kaur , Chaggar Surinderjeet S. , Dalamaga Maria , Kassi Eva , Kyrou Ioannis , Randeva Harpal S.
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly increasing worldwide, making it the leading cause of liver related morbidity and mortality. Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessing individuals with steatohepatitis and fibrosis. However, its invasiveness, sampling variability, and impracticality for large-scale screening has driven the search for non-invasive methods for early diagnosis and staging. In this review, we comprehensively summarise the evidence on the diagnostic performance and limitations of existing non-invasive serum biomarkers and scores in the diagnosis and evaluation of steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis.

Recent Findings

Several non-invasive serum biomarkers and scores have been developed over the last decade, although none has successfully been able to replace liver biopsy. The introduction of new NAFLD terminology, namely metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and more recently metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), has initiated a debate on the interchangeability of these terminologies. Indeed, there is a need for more research on the variability of the performance of non-invasive serum biomarkers and scores across the diagnostic entities of NAFLD, MAFLD and MASLD.

There remains a significant need for finding valid and reliable non-invasive methods for early diagnosis and assessment of steatohepatitis and fibrosis to facilitate prompt risk stratification and management to prevent disease progression and complications. Further exploration of the landscape of MASLD under the newly defined disease subtypes is warranted, with the need for more robust evidence to support the use of commonly used serum scores against the new MASLD criteria and validation of previously developed scores.
Consideration of Mental Health and Well-Being in High-Level Sport: When Will a Coach-Centred Approach Be Introduced?
Authors: Leprince Chloé , Maurin Mathéo , Carling Christopher
Published: May 2024

Coverage of problems relating to mental health and well-being is gaining ground in the sports sector today, both in the media and in the scientific literature. Despite exposure to numerous stressors and suffering from poor mental health, coaches have in general been largely overlooked in the scientific literature. Previous studies have mainly focused upon athlete populations. The absence of research means that there are real shortcomings in both understanding the mechanisms involved in the deterioration of coaches’ mental health and well-being and in the lack of specific support systems available. This paper first describes findings from the recent, albeit quite scarce, research investigating mental health and well-being in coaches. It then proposes a number of avenues for research and support protocols, both of which are currently ongoing at the French Football Federation Research Centre. The aim is to help support these key participants in the sports sector who arguably have not been given sufficient consideration until now.
Changes in scientific publishing and possible impact on authors’ choice of journals
Authors: Seeber Marco
Published: May 2024

Choosing the journal to which submit the results of a scientific work constitutes an important and challenging decision. It is especially crucial to correctly assess the reputation and prospects of the journal. This article describes and comments on the major changes that recently deeply modified the scientific publishing system and analyzes how they potentially undermine the reliability of the bibliometric indicators commonly used to assess a journal’s quality. In view of these elements, some key points are highlighted and discussed that can condition the choice of the journal. The article aims to be especially informative for future scientists navigating the complex world of the current scientific publishing system.
Pectin as a biofunctional food: comprehensive overview of its therapeutic effects and antidiabetic-associated mechanisms
Authors: Soomro Maqbool Ahmed , Khan Shaista , Majid Abdul , Bhatti Shamim , Perveen Shazia , Phull Abdul Rehman
Published: May 2024

Pectin is a complex polysaccharide found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. It has been shown to have potential antidiabetic activity along with other biological activities, including cholesterol-lowering properties, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects, augmented healing of diabetic foot ulcers and other health benefits. There are several pectin-associated antidiabetic mechanisms, such as the regulation of glucose metabolism, reduction of oxidative stress, increased insulin sensitivity, appetite suppression and modulation of the gut microbiome. Studies have shown that pectin supplementation has antidiabetic effects in different animal models and in vitro. In human studies, pectin has been found to have a positive effect on blood glucose control, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Pectin also shows synergistic effects by enhancing the potency and efficacy of antidiabetic drugs when taken together. In conclusion, pectin has the potential to be an effective antidiabetic agent. However, further research is needed to fully understand its detailed molecular mechanisms in various animal models, functional food formulations and safety profiles for the treatment and management of diabetes and associated complications in humans. The current study was carried out to provide the critical approach towards therapeutical potential, anti-diabetic potential and underlying molecular mechanisms on the basis of existing knowledge.
Optimised projection welding of steel Bars
Authors: Mikno Zygmunt , Pikuła Janusz
Published: May 2024

The article presents tests aimed at optimising the welding of bars, made of steel AISI1005 (ø 4.2 mm), in a cruciform configuration (i.e. using the cross-wire welding process). The authors identified research gaps and carried out a detailed numerical analysis of these cases. The research-related calculations involved the use of SORPAS software. The new areas of research included (i) bars with protective zinc coatings having various thicknesses of 0 µm, 5 µm, 10 µm and 30 µm, (ii) various welding current rise times (up-slope) and (iii) single and multi-pulse welding cycles. The tests were carried out using a DC 1 kHz inverter welding machine; the results concerning welding up-slope times were compared with those obtainable using a conventional AC 50 Hz welding machine. The results of the study, in the form of a welding technology with various values of up-slope time, have been implemented in industry. The inventive idea is protected by patent no. P.229445 at the Polish Patent Office.
Developing a support model for hybrid work-integrated continuous professional development
Authors: Håkansson Lindqvist Marcia , Mozelius Peter , Jaldemark Jimmy
Published: May 2024

In the contemporary digitalised knowledge society, work-integrated professional development is an important and continuous activity. Continuous professional development should preferably be a hybrid format, where academia collaborates with industry and the surrounding society in a multi-directed exchange of ideas. Continuous professional development is today conducted in a blend of workplace activities, and in technology enhanced online environments. A complex blend for professionals that at the same time are working full-time with their ordinary jobs. The need for a support model to navigate in these new digital learning spaces is obvious, where the support model also should include collaboration and a community of practice. A community where the members communicate regularly to improve their skills and knowledge in their common professional domain. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the development of a support model that involves these aspects. Findings confirm the necessity of the four steps in the earlier model, at the same time as they indicate the need for a fifth step facilitating the creation of Communities and Landscapes of Practice. The use of the model may support higher education institutions in creating beneficial conditions for hybrid work-integrated continuous professional development for industry.