bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Aging in Older Adults with Disability
Authors: Liu John L. , Richardson Pamela K.
Published: February 2012

The aim of this study was to determine the association of subjective well-being and correlates of successful aging among married older adults with disability through a secondary data analysis of the Disability and Use of Time Study. Data from 345 married independently living older adults with disabilities were analyzed to investigate relationships between health, cognitive, and physical functioning, as well as social engagement and subjective well-being. Demographic variables were not correlated to subjective well-being according to the multiple regression model. Most (84.9%) participants were satisfied with life. The most prevalent form of disability was difficulty walking. Cognitive functioning, physical functioning, active engagement, and health satisfaction were considered in the multivariate regression analysis. Only active engagement measured in terms of days worked and days socialized and health satisfaction contributed significantly to subjective well-being. The study suggests that improved self-perceived health, involvement in work, and socialization contribute to subjective well-being among community-dwelling older adults with disabilities. The findings of this study provide support for occupational therapy programs that address the above areas with the goal of facilitating health and well-being in this population.
Macular Hole Surgery Prognostic Success Rates Based on Macular Hole Size
Authors: Salter Amanda B. , Folgar Francisco A. , Weissbrot Joseph , Wald Kenneth J.
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the correlation between macular hole (MH) surgery outcomes and preoperative factors believed to affect surgical success rates.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A retrospective, consecutive case series was designed to evaluate the correlation between anatomic success and preoperative factors: MH duration prior to surgery, visual acuity (VA), and MH diameter measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) at the base and the narrowest midpoint.

RESULTS:

A total of 153 eyes were enrolled. There was no significant difference in mean duration prior to surgery for MH success and failure (
P
= .13). Mean preoperative VA was significantly better for MH success than failure (
P
= .03). Mean mid-hole diameter (
P
< .001) and mean base-hole diameter (
P
< .001) were significantly less for MH success than failure. Failure rate was 0% among eyes with mid-hole diameter less than 500 microns and 14.9% with mid-hole 500 microns or greater (
P
< .001). Failure rate was 0% among eyes with base-hole diameter less than 500 microns, 1.4% with base-hole 500 to 999 microns, and 19.1% with base-hole of 1,000 microns or greater (
P
= .001).

CONCLUSION:

Preoperative VA, mid-hole diameter, and base-hole diameter are correlated with anatomic success in MH surgery. An excellent surgical prognosis exists for MHs with mid-hole diameter less than 500 microns and base-hole less than 1,000 microns.
Ownership and disuse of bed nets in Kenyan children under five years of age
Authors: Ernst Kacey , Arora Mona , Munga Stephen
Published: February 2012

Recent campaigns to increase the percentage of households owning a bed net have been very successful yet there remains a subset of the population who do not sleep under bed nets. We used data from the 2008 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) to compare children under the age of five years of age who slept under any bed net to children sleeping without a bed net who resided in households with: i) no bed net; ii) all bed nets used (intra-household access); and iii) at least one unused bed net. Ownership, intra-household access, and non-use of available bed nets were all associated with the child’s age and the mother’s relationship to the head of the household. Intra-household access was strongly associated with provincial residence, where the child was born and frequency of reading newspapers. Furthermore, disuse of available nets for children was associated with marital status, bed net use of the head of the household, and residing in rural communities at higher elevations. Improving bed net/long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLIN) use in Kenya requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses the complexity of the behavioral, social and economic drivers of non-use.
Abdominal Wall Repair with Human Acellular Dermal Autograft
Authors: Genders Roel , Kouwenberg Paul , Bleichrodt Rob
Published: February 2012

Repair of abdominal wall defects in the presence of contamination or infection is a significant problem. The loss of tissue warrants enforcement of the abdominal wall, preferably by autologous material. However, autologous repair often requires extensive surgery. This paper presents a review of available literature of placement of an acellular human dermis to repair an abdominal fascia defect, in contaminated as well as in non-contaminated surgical fields. It is illustrated with a case report that describes the successful reconstruction of an infected abdominal wall defect with a human acellular dermis allograft. A systematic literature review was undertaken with searches performed in the Pubmed and Cochrane databases for the period up till March 2009, using the search terms Alloderm [Substance Name], Hernia [Mesh] and the key words acellular dermis, acellular dermal matrix, human acellular dermal allograft and abdominal wall defect. To assess methodological quality, each article was subjected to a modification of the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) according to Slim et al. Two items from the original index were not included because none of the studies selected had an unbiased assessment of the study end points and in none of the studies was a prospective calculation of the study size performed. Seventeen studies were included in the review. Data were extracted regarding study design, number of patients, surgical technique, followup period, contaminated or non-contaminated area of the fascia defect, mortality and morbidity (hemorrhage, seroma, wound dehiscence, infection) of the operative procedure, the longterm results (removal of the graft, reherniation and bulging) and level of evidencey. A total of 169 short-term complications and 151 longterm complications occurred after 643 surgical procedures reconstructing both contaminated and clean abdominal wall defects by implantation of an HADA. Human acellular dermal allograft seems to be a good alternative for autologous repair of contaminated or infected abdominal wall defects.
Simulation of Copolymer Phase Separation in One-Dimensional Thin Liquid Films
Authors: Yasuda Hidenori
Published: February 2012

This paper discusses the development of an invariant finite difference scheme to simulate the microphase separation of copolymers in one-dimensional thin liquid films. The film phenomena are modelled using two-phase shallow water equations and the Ohta-Kawasaki potential, which governs the phase separation of the copolymer. Non-positive volume fractions and spurious oscillations are eventually eliminated, in simulating the one-dimensional phase separation lamellar pattern.
’n Kort rit in ’n vinnige voertuig
Authors: Pieterse H. J.
Published: February 2012

In 1986 het Piet Roodt en Elize Botha my genader om deel van Tydskrif vir Letterkunde se skakelredaksie te word. My hooftaak was om ingestuurde poësie te keur en later te help met die saamstel van die tydskrif. Een hoogtepunt was die saamstel van ’n gerf geleentheidsverse ter nagedagtenis aan Stephen le Roux (Etienne Leroux, 1990). Teen die einde van die tagtigerjare het ek en Piet die meeste van die werk gedoen; prof. Elize kondig einde 1992 aan dat sy uittree as redakteur.
Language and silence: persoonlike herinneringe aan Adam Small, die digter-intellektueel
Authors: Gerwel G. J.
Published: February 2012

’n Algemene publiek, of ten minste ’n Afrikaanse algemene publiek—en in soverre hulle van die wêreld van die lettere kennis neem—sal Adam Small waarskynlik eerstens herken en onthou as digter en dramaturg, en waarskynlik meer spesifiek as die skrywer van Kitaar my kruis en Kanna hy kô hystoe. Dit is met hierdie werke dat hy sy stempel op die Afrikaanse en Suid-Afrikaanse letterkunde afgedruk en naam gemaak het—as daardie uitdrukking nie onvanpas is nie vir iemand wat vir ’n lang tyd so ondererkend en onderwaardeerd was. Wat dikwels nie deur so ’n publiek onthou of besef word nie is dat Small van opleiding en beroep ’n filosoof was; ’n praktiserende filosoof, dosent in die Wysbegeerte. Maar Small was meer as net akademiese filosoof en dosent. Ek dink dis Charles van Onselen wat op ’n slag opgemerk het dat daar aan ons inrigtings te veel “akademici” en te min “universiteitsgebaseerde intellektuele” is.
Outobiografie en herinnering as verset in Adam Small se The Orange Earth
Authors: Willemse Hein
Published: February 2012

The Orange Earth is discussed here as a fictionalised autobiographical account in which the Afrikaans poet and playwright, Adam Small, reflects on the impact of apartheid, creating a counternarrative of a marginalised life during that political system. In the play, presented essentially as a play of ideas, the Coloured main character Johnny Adams, the fictionalised alter ego of the author, plants a bomb that kills a white child and much of the action involves his rationalization of his deed of terror. The play references the cultural and linguistic relationship between Coloured and white Afrikaans-speaking people, and the former’s humiliation and exclusion under the apartheid policy. It is argued inter alia that Small’s choice of English as a language of literary expression could be interpreted as part of a counterdiscourse on cultural disaffection and political disillusion just as his option of urban violence as a solution to apartheid, his “cry for citizenship”, amounts to a desperate act rather than one of revolutionary violence. The article concludes with a discussion on the multiple meanings associated with the title that serves as a metaphor for the countermemory of Small’s narrative.
Risk taking and Women’s Menstrual Cycle: Near Ovulation, Women Avoid a Doubtful Man
Authors: Guéguen Nicolas
Published: February 2012

Studies using surveys in which risk taking behaviors were measured show a decrease in risk taking during the ovulatory phase of the women’s menstrual cycle. In this study, the distance between a woman and a shady confederate was measured in a waiting room. Then, a LH test was done in order to measure the participant’s fertility risk. Results showed that near ovulation, participants sat further away from the confederate, revealing that women in their fertile phase displayed behavior to decrease the risk of sexual assault.
Inferences on weather extremes and weather-related disasters: a review of statistical methods
Authors: Visser H. , Petersen A. C.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. The study of weather extremes and their impacts, such as weather-related disasters, plays an important role in research of climate change. Due to the great societal consequences of extremes – historically, now and in the future – the peer-reviewed literature on this theme has been growing enormously since the 1980s. Data sources have a wide origin, from century-long climate reconstructions from tree rings to relatively short (30 to 60 yr) databases with disaster statistics and human impacts. When scanning peer-reviewed literature on weather extremes and its impacts, it is noticeable that many different methods are used to make inferences. However, discussions on these methods are rare. Such discussions are important since a particular methodological choice might substantially influence the inferences made. A calculation of a return period of once in 500 yr, based on a normal distribution will deviate from that based on a Gumbel distribution. And the particular choice between a linear or a flexible trend model might influence inferences as well. In this article, a concise overview of statistical methods applied in the field of weather extremes and weather-related disasters is given. Methods have been evaluated as to stationarity assumptions, the choice for specific probability density functions (PDFs) and the availability of uncertainty information. As for stationarity assumptions, the outcome was that good testing is essential. Inferences on extremes may be wrong if data are assumed stationary while they are not. The same holds for the block-stationarity assumption. As for PDF choices it was found that often more than one PDF shape fits to the same data. From a simulation study the conclusion can be drawn that both the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution and the log-normal PDF fit very well to a variety of indicators. The application of the normal and Gumbel distributions is more limited. As for uncertainty, it is advisable to test conclusions on extremes for assumptions underlying the modelling approach. Finally, it can be concluded that the coupling of individual extremes or disasters to climate change should be avoided.
Computer-supported games and role plays in teaching water management
Authors: Hoekstra A. Y.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. There is an increasing demand for an interdisciplinary approach in teaching water management. Computer-supported games and role plays offer the potential of creating an environment in which different disciplines come together and in which students are challenged to develop integrated understanding. Two examples are discussed. The River Basin Game is a common-pool resource game in which participants experience the risk of over-abstractions of water in a river basin and learn how this risk relates to the complexity of the system, the conflict between individual and group optimum and the difficulty to come to good cooperation. The Globalization of Water Role Play makes participants familiar with the global dimension of water management by letting them experience how national governments can integrate considerations of water scarcity and domestic water productivities into decisions on international trade in commodities like food, cotton and bio-energy. The two examples illustrate that plays inspire participants to think about the functioning of systems as a whole and to develop good cooperative courses of action, whereby both uncertainties about the system and the presence of different values and perspectives among participants play a role.
Oil spills prediction in the Bonifacio strait area, western Mediterranean
Authors: Cucco A. , Ribotti A. , Olita A. , Fazioli L. , Sorgente B. , Sinerchia M. , Satta A. , Perilli A. , Borghini M. , Schroeder K. , Sorgente R.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. An innovative forecasting system of the coastal marine circulation has been implemented in the Bonifacio Strait area, between Corsica and Sardinia, using a numerical approach to facilitate the rapid planning and coordination of remedial actions to oil spill emergencies at sea by local authorities. Downscaling and nesting techniques from regional to coastal scale and a 3-D hydrodynamic numerical model, coupled with a wind wave model, are the core of the integrated Bonifacio Strait system. Such a system is capable to predict the sea state and the dispersion of hydrocarbon spills in the area, providing the forecasts on oil spills through an easy-to-use graphical user interface. Scenarios and risk maps have been created to identify the most risky areas to oil pollution in relation to vessels traffic. The backward investigation technique has been exploited to trace the most probable area from which pollution was generated. The system has been operationally verified in January 2011 when an oil spill occurred in the area. Finally output data are daily released providing forecasting services to end-users through the web.
Health education at school: educating for life within a multidisciplinary context - study of integrative review
Authors: Neves Eliane Tatsch , Silveira Andressa Da , Neves Daniela Tatsch , Padoin Stela Maris De Mello , Spanavello Caroline Silveira
Published: February 2012

Objetivo: conhecer de que forma a educação em saúde vem sendo abordada nas escolas de ensino fundamental por meio das produções científicas pertinentes. Metodologia: pesquisa bibliográfica realizada no banco de teses e dissertações disponíveis no Portal da Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES–Brasil). Para seleção das pesquisas foi priorizadas produções com recorte temporais entre 2002 a 2007, posteriormente submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: foram selecionadas 23 produções. 65% delas são da área da Educação e 35% da Saúde. 52% originaram-se na região sudeste do país, predominou a abordagem qualitativa em 78% das pesquisas. O estudo resultou em uma grande categoria: fatores dificultadores para o desenvolvimento da temática saúde por meio das práticas de educação em saúde nas escolas de ensino fundamental. Conclusão: para efetivar o processo de educação em saúde na escola faz-se necessário uma parceria entre os profissionais de saúde e professores, fortalecendo os pilares da educação como prática multidisciplinar. Ressalta-se que tal parceria deve começar ainda na academia, afim de que a prática de educação em saúde seja trabalhada na escola.
Functional capacity and associated factors in community-dwelling and institutionalized elderly
Authors: Reis Luciana Araújo dos , Reis Luana Araujo dos , Torres Gilson De Vasconcelos , Mascarenhas Claudio Henrique Meira , Nobre Thaiza Teixeira Xavier
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTObjective: to investigate the influence of sociodemographic and health factors on the functional capacity of community-dwelling and institutionalized elderly. Method: this is a descriptive exploratory study with a sample of 120 elderly men and women aged 60 years or older, residents of Jequié, Brazil, allocated to two groups of 60 elderly each. The first group was composed of community-dwelling elderly and the second of institutionalized elderly. The instrument consisted of four parts: 1) Sociodemographic and health characterization; 2) Pain-related aspects; 3) Numerical Pain Scale 4) Barthel’s Index. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 13.0 software, while descriptive analysis was performed using the chi-square (x2) and Fischer Exact tests, with a p value≤0.05. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the State University of Southwest Bahia/UESB, opinion (No.224/08). Results: with respect to functional capacity, most of the community-dwelling elderly were classified as independent (86.7%) in all activities except personal hygiene, in which 86.7% were considered dependent. Most of the institutionalized elderly (70.0%) were classified as dependent as follows: transfer for personal hygiene (53.3%), bed-chair transfer (66.7%), walking (53.3%) and climbing stairs (60.0%). A statistically significant difference was found between functional capacity and pain (p
Epidemiological profile of patients with tetanus accidental in the intensive care unit
Authors: Caetano Joselany Áfio , Moura Gisele Nogueira , Verissímo Juliana Leite , Osterne Luiziany Pontes , Lima Ana Claudia Feitosa
Published: February 2012

Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico e clínico dos casos de tétano acidental internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) no Ceará e levantar a incidência de óbitos pela doença. Método: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, tipo série de casos, com 94 pacientes internados na UTI entre 2003 e 2009. Os dados foram coletados através de formulário previamente elaborado. A análise foi univariada. A coleta dos dados procedeu-se após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos do Hospital São José, sob protocolo nº012/2007. Resultados: houve predomínio do sexo masculino (83), na faixa etária adulta jovem (20 a 49 anos), procedentes da capital, casados (55) e com ensino fundamental completo. Em 47 casos a lesão ocorreu em membros inferiores e em 52 casos a injúria foi ocasionada por ferimento perfurante. As manifestações clínicas mais presentes foram: trismo, 77 casos e disfagia, 57 casos. Dos avaliados 39 evoluíram a óbito. Conclusão: o tétano acidental, no Ceará, apresenta letalidade elevada. Recomenda-se que novos estudos sejam realizados para avaliar a cobertura vacinal nos homens adultos. Também se faz necessário melhorar a qualidade do atendimento, instituindo medidas profiláticas. Um serviço especializado e uma assistência precoce têm sido decisivos na redução da letalidade.
Management of health risks: report of experience of a teaching hospital
Authors: Santiago Luciana Maria Montenegro , Brito Maria Da Conceição Coelho , Chagas Maristela Inês Osawa , Vasconcelos Dayse Paixão e , Silva Regina Célia Carvalho da , Moraes Késia Marques
Published: February 2012

Objetivo: relatar a experiência de um hospital de ensino na região norte do Ceará no processo de fortalecimento das ferramentas de gerenciamento de risco em saúde, por meio da implementação das comissões intra-hospitalares. Método: relato de experiência com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido no ano de 2010, momento que se vivenciou o processo de re-certificação como Hospital de Ensino. Resultados: a ampliação da visão gerencial dentro do complexo hospitalar voltada para a prevenção de erros e o desenvolvimento de uma postura profissional voltada para a segurança é tido como essencial ao processo de certificação da qualidade da assistência, alcançado pelo fortalecimento das comissões intra-hospitalares existentes no hospital de ensino do estudo. Conclusão: assim, é uma mudança que traz qualidade, não imposta do contexto vivido para o profissional, e sim do profissional para o contexto, não obrigatória e instituída de cima para baixo, mas sobretudo de dentro para fora, educadora, constante e perene.
Coming to Terms with the Antagonism between Rhetorical Reflection and Political Agency
Authors: Welsh Scott
Published: February 2012

What does it mean to say rhetoric scholarship should be relevant to democratic practice? A prevailing answer to this question insists that rhetoric scholars are participants in the democratic contest for power just like all other citizens, no more and no less. Drawing on the work of Slavoj Žižek, the argument of this essay is that reducing scholarship to a mode of political agency not only produces an increasingly uninhabitable academic identity but also draws our attention away from producing results of rhetorical inquiry designed to be useful to citizens in democracy. Clinging to the idea that academic practice is a mode of political action produces a fantastic blindness to the antagonism between scholarly reflection and political agency that structures academic purpose. While empirical barriers to the production of rhetorical resources suitable for democratic appropriation undoubtedly exist, ignoring the self-frustrating character of academic desire is no less of an impediment to the production of democratically consequential rhetoric scholarship.
On Mimetic Style in Plato'sRepublic
Authors: Winslow Russell
Published: February 2012

In this article the author offers a reading of mimetic style (lexis) as it is presented in book 3 of Plato's Republic with the aim of disclosing the importance of style in the acquisition and employment of knowledge—whether scientific or ethical. In fact, the author argues that a careful reading of Socrates' words in the text occasions the idea that reflection on the way that we imitate our inherited content—the ethos, the comportment, in which we exhibit that content—makes visible a potential to appropriate received content and imitated knowledge in original and wakeful ways. In consequence, the author argues that it might be style, not content, that harbors the capacity for us to take a genuine, critical responsibility for our inherited concepts.
Urine from Sexually Mature Intact Male Mice Contributes to Increased Cardiovascular Responses during Free-Roaming and Restrained Conditions
Authors: Lee Dexter L. , Wilson Justin L.
Published: February 2012

Pheromones in the urine regulate aggression of male mice and castrated males produce less of these pheromones. We tested the hypothesis that pheromones in the urine of sexually mature-intact (SMI) males placed in the cage bedding of an individually housed male mouse or in a mouse restrainer would contribute to a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and activity. Sexually mature male C57BL/6 mice were implanted with a biotelemetry transmitter to measure MAP, HR, and activity. Urine (200 μL) from SMI mice placed in the cages of singularly housed male mice caused significant changes above baseline values for MAP (21±4 mmHg), HR (145±25 bpm), and activity (9±2 counts) when compared to urine from castrated mice-induced MAP (11±3 mmHg), HR (70±15 bpm), and activity (5±1 counts). Pretreatment with terazosin significantly reduced the change in MAP (9±3 mmHg), heart rate (90±15 bpm), and activity (4±2 counts) responses to urine from SMI males. Saline did not significantly increase MAP, HR, or activity in any group. During restraint, urine from SMI mice caused a significant change in MAP (5±0.4 mmHg) and HR (17±1 bpm); urine from castrated mice did not cause a significant increase in MAP and HR. Our results demonstrate that a significant increase in MAP, HR, and activity occurs when male mice are exposed to urine pheromones from SMI males. In summary, pheromones in the urine of SMI male excreted in the cage bedding and mouse restrainers contribute to a significant increase in cardiovascular responses in the absence of direct physical contact with a different male mouse or animal handler.
Optimizing Druggability through Liposomal Formulations: New Approaches to an Old Concept
Authors: Bitounis Dimitrios , Fanciullino Raphaelle , Iliadis Athanassios , Ciccolini Joseph
Published: February 2012

Developing innovative delivery strategies remains an ongoing task to improve both efficacy and safety of drug-based therapy. Nanomedicine is now a promising field of investigation, rising high expectancies for treating various diseases such as malignancies. Putting drugs into liposome is an old story that started in the late 1960s. Because of the near-total biocompatibility of their lipidic bilayer, liposomes are less concerned with the safety issue related to the possible long-term accumulation in the body of most nanoobjects currently developed in nanomedicine. Additionally, novel techniques and recent efforts to achieve better stability (e.g., through sheddable coating), combined with a higher selectivity towards target cells (e.g., by anchoring monoclonal antibodies or incorporating phage fusion protein), make new liposomal drugs an attractive and challenging opportunity to improve clinical outcome in a variety of disease. This review covers the physicochemistry of liposomes and the recent technical improvements in the preparation of liposome-encapsulated drugs in regard to the scientific and medical stakes.
Anisotropic Wetting Surfaces with One‐Dimesional and Directional Structures: Fabrication Approaches, Wetting Properties and Potential Applications
Authors: Xia Deying , Johnson Leah M. , López Gabriel P.
Published: February 2012

This review article provides a brief summary of recent research progress on anisotropic wetting on one‐dimensional (1D) and directionally patterned surfaces, as well as the technical importance in various applications. Inspiration from natural structures exhibiting anisotropic wetting behavior is first discussed. Development of fabrication techniques for topographically and chemically 1D patterned surfaces and directional nanomaterials are then reviewed, with emphasis on anisotropic behavior with topographically (structurally) patterned surfaces. The basic investigation of anisotropic wetting behavior and theoretical simulations for anisotropic wetting are also further reviewed. Perspectives concerning future direction of anisotropic wetting research and its potential applications in microfluidic devices, lab‐on‐a‐chip, sensor, microreactor and self‐cleaning are presented.
Asymmetric Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters: Synthesis of Enantiopure Amino Acid‐Based Tricyclic α,β‐Enones through an ipso‐Friedel–Crafts/Michael Addition Cascade
Authors: Rodríguez‐Solla Humberto , Concellón Carmen , Tuya Paula , García‐Granda Santiago , Díaz M. Rosario
Published: February 2012

An efficient reaction of the (2R,1′S)‐ or (2S,1′S)‐N,N‐bis(p‐methoxybenzyl)‐2‐(1‐aminoalkyl)epoxides, derived from α‐amino acids, with boron trifluoride‐phosphoric acid complex is described. This process affords highly elaborated enantiopure tricyclic α,β‐enones in high yields, through an ipso‐Friedel–Crafts/Michael addition cascade.
Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of Benzimidazo[2,1‐b]quin‐ azolin‐12(6H)‐ones Using Cyanamide as a Building Block
Authors: Yang Daoshan , Wang Yuyuan , Yang Haijun , Liu Tao , Fu Hua
Published: February 2012

A convenient copper‐catalyzed domino method for the synthesis of benzimidazo[2,1‐b]quinazolin‐12(6H)‐ones has been developed via reactions of readily available substituted 2‐bromo‐N‐(2‐halophenyl)benzamides with cyanamide, in which cyanamide acts as a useful building block.
Modular Furanoside Pseudodipeptides and Thioamides, Readily Available Ligand Libraries for Metal‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions: Scope and Limitations
Authors: Coll Mercedes , Ahlford Katrin , Pàmies Oscar , Adolfsson Hans , Diéguez Montserrat
Published: February 2012

Two new highly modular carbohydrate‐based, pseudodipeptide and thioamide ligand libraries have been synthesized for the rhodium‐ and ruthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of prochiral ketones. These series of ligands can be prepared efficiently from easily accessible D‐xylose and D‐glucose. The ligand libraries contain two main ligand structures (pseudodipeptide and thioamide) that have been designed by making systematic modifications to one of the most successful ligand families developed for the ATH. As well as studying the effect of these two ligand structures on the catalytic performance, we also evaluated the effect of modifying several of the ligand parameters. We found that the effectiveness of the ligands at transferring the chiral information in the product can be tuned by correctly choosing the ligand components (ligand structure and ligand parameters). Excellent enantioselectivities (ees up to 99%) were therefore obtained in both enantiomers of the alcohol products using a wide range of substrates.
CX (X=Br, I) Bond‐Tolerant Aerobic Oxidative Cross‐ Coupling: A Strategy to Selectively Construct β‐Aryl Ketones and Aldehydes
Authors: Chen Mao , Wang Jie , Chai Ziyi , You Cai , Lei Aiwen
Published: February 2012

Using moelcular oxygen as the terminal oxidant, various aryl halide‐containing β‐aryl ketones and aldehydes can be synthesized directly from readily available allyic alcohols and boronic acids via palladium‐catalyzed oxidative cross‐coupling reactions. The dual roles of copper, including electron‐carrier and Lewis acid functions, are supposed to be critical for the high reactivity and selectivity of this aerobic oxidative coupling transformation.
Assessing Effect of the Reagglomeration and Migration of Chemical Curatives on the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizate
Authors: Saeed Farhan , Ansarifar Ali , Ellis Robert J. , Haile‐Meskel Yared
Published: February 2012

Natural rubber was mixed with a high loading of a sulfur‐bearing silanized silica nanofiller and cured by adding a sulfenamide accelerator and zinc oxide. The rubber was cured at 85° and 140°C, which were below and above the melting point of the accelerator, respectively, and stored at ambient temperature for up to 60 days to allow full blooming to appear. The mechanical properties of the rubber vulcanizate were measured and found to be affected by the blooming of the accelerator on the rubber surface, which also damaged the internal structure of the rubber. Below the melting point of the accelerator there was little or no reagglomeration and some migration of the accelerator, whereas above the melting point there were reagglomeration and extensive migration of the accelerator to the rubber surface. The latter was more damaging to the rubber properties than the former. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E153–E165, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21259
Dynamic computer modeling of environmental systems for decision making, risk assessment and design
Authors: Markatos Nikos C.
Published: February 2012

This paper describes the mathematical modeling and associated computer simulations of environmental problems related to flow and heat/mass transfer. Many key ‘issues’ in designing environmental protection systems and in performing environmental risk assessment and control are related to the behavior of fluids in turbulent flow, often involving more than one phase, with chemical reaction or heat transfer. Computational‐fluid‐dynamics (CFD) techniques have shown great potential for analyzing these processes and are very valuable to the environmental engineer and scientist, by reducing the need to resort to ‘cut and try’ approaches to the design of complex environmental protection systems and to any relevant decision‐making process. Multidimensional, multiphase dynamic models for the dispersion of air, water, and soil pollutants and for the prediction of environmental risks are presented. Up‐to‐date procedures and methods for solving the relevant equations are included, together with indications of the computational resources necessary to obtain realistic representations. Results using model simulations are presented for several cases of atmospheric and marine pollution, as well as for the environmental risks of fires and of petrol‐tank explosions. It is concluded that the results are physically plausible and can be used with confidence for environmental policy decisions and for the design of environmentally friendly processes and equipment. Air, water, and soil management systems can be improved by the application of these computational prediction techniques. Copyright © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient and validated simulation of crowds for an evacuation assistant
Authors: Wagoum Armel Ulrich Kemloh , Chraibi Mohcine , Mehlich Jonas , Seyfried Armin , Schadschneider Andreas
Published: February 2012

To improve safety at mass events, an evacuation assistant that supports security services in case of emergencies is developed. One central aspect is forecasting the emergency egress of large crowds in complex buildings. This requires realistic models of pedestrian dynamics that can be simulated faster than real‐time by using methods applied in high performance computing. We give an overview of the project and present the actual results. We also describe the modeling approaches used thereby focusing on the runtime optimization and parallelization concepts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decoupling Fluorescence and Photochromism in Bifunctional Azo Derivatives for Bulk Emissive Structures
Authors: Jacquart Aurélie , Williams René M. , Brouwer Albert M. , Ishow Eléna
Published: February 2012

Bifunctional molecules that combine independent push–pull fluorophores and azo photochromes have been synthesized to create fluorescent structures upon light‐induced migration in neat thin films. Their photochromic and emissive properties have been systematically investigated and interpreted in light of those of the corresponding model compounds. Fluorescence lifetimes and photoisomerization and fluorescence quantum yields have been determined in toluene solution. Kinetic analyses of the femtosecond transient absorption spectra reveal that the fluorophores evolve in a few picoseconds into a distorted intramolecular charge‐transfer excited state, strongly stabilized in energy. Radiative relaxation to the ground state occurred competitively with the energy‐transfer process to the azo moiety. Introduction of a 10 Å‐long rigid and nonconjugated bridge between the photoactive units efficiently inhibits the energy transfer while it imparts enhanced free volume, which favors photoactivated molecular migration in the solid state.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of NH3 in the Dehydrogenation of Calcium Amidoborane Ammoniate and Magnesium Amidoborane Ammoniate: A First‐Principles Study.
Authors: Li Wen , Wu Guotao , Chua Yongshen , Feng Yuan Ping , Chen Ping
Published: February 2012

DFT calculations on solid Ca(NH2BH3)2·2NH3 and Mg(NH2BH3)2·NH3 are used to characterize the role of NH3 in improving the dehydrogenation properties of metal amidoborane monoammoniates compared to those of Ca(NH2BH3)2 and Mg(NH2BH3)2.
ChemInform Abstract: BiSr3(YO)3(BO3)4: A New Gaudefroyite‐Type Rare‐Earth Borate with Moderate SHG Response.
Authors: Gao Jianhu , Li Shuai
Published: February 2012

The title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Bi2O3, SrCO3, Y2O3, and H3BO3 (Pt crucible, 950 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese‐Catalyzed Cleavage of a Carbon—Carbon Single Bond Between Carbonyl Carbon and α‐Carbon Atoms of Ketones.
Authors: Kuninobu Yoichiro , Uesugi Tadamasa , Kawata Atsushi , Takai Kazuhiko
Published: February 2012

The treatment of aromatic or aliphatic ketones with carbodiimides in the presence of a tri‐ or dinuclear manganese catalyst affords amides in good to excellent yields and quinoline derivatives as side products.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II) Acetate as Catalyst for the N‐Alkylation of Aromatic Amines, Sulfonamides, and Related Nitrogenated Compounds with Alcohols by a Hydrogen Autotransfer Process.
Authors: Martinez‐Asencio Ana , Yus Miguel , Ramon Diego J.
Published: February 2012

It is demonstrated that palladium acetate is an efficient catalyst for the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential One‐Pot Isomerization—Wittig Olefination—Hydrogenation.
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Nayak Sambit , Bhikshapathi M. , Chittapragada Maruthi , Yadav J. S.
Published: February 2012

The Pd‐catalyzed isomerization of allylic alcohols to aldehydes and subsequent addition of Wittig ylides gives α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds in one pot.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cycloalkane‐Based Thermomorphic System for Organocatalytic Cyclopropanation Using Ammonium Ylides.
Authors: Kim Shokaku , Ikuhisa Naoki , Chiba Kazuhiro
Published: February 2012

In the presented synthesis syn‐product is not detected.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction of 2‐Cyclohexen‐1‐one Catalyzed by Chiral Biaryl‐Based Bis(thiourea) Organocatalysts.
Authors: Nakayama Yuki , Gotanda Takashi , Ito Katsuji
Published: February 2012

Among the new organocatalysts, derivative (Ia) is found to be the most efficient one which can be used for aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Dienes.
Authors: Oishi Shigeki , Hatano Keisuke , Tsubouchi Akira , Takeda Takeshi
Published: February 2012

Titanocene‐promoted alkenylation of terminal allenes (I) with (Z)‐alkenyl sulfones (II) gives rise to (E,Z)‐dienes (III) as main or sole reaction product in most cases.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Silica‐Bonded Propyl‐diethylene‐triamine‐N‐sulfamic Acid as a Recyclable Catalyst for Chemoselective Synthesis of 1,1‐Diacetates.
Authors: Nouri Sefat Maryam , Deris Abdolah , Niknam Khodabakhsh
Published: February 2012

The described procedure does not work for ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Methylenecyclobutanes with NXS‐H2O System.
Authors: Yu Lei , Ren Lingfeng , Xu Bei , Guo Rong
Published: February 2012

The reaction of methylenecyclobutanes of type (I) or (III) proceeds with N‐bromo‐ or N‐iodosuccinimides in the presence of water depending on the substrate used.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Six‐Membered Functionalized Carbocyclic Compounds by One‐Pot Reaction of Hydroquinone Derivatives and Dienes.
Authors: Cai Guang‐Rong , Guan Zhi , He Yan‐Hong
Published: February 2012

A general method for the one‐pot reaction of diphenol (hydroquinone, catechol) derivatives with dienes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles from Organic Laboratory Waste of Silica Gel HF254 and Their Use as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐isoindolone Derivatives.
Authors: Ramazani Ali , Mahyari Amir , Farshadi Azam , Rouhani Morteza
Published: February 2012

Multicomponent reaction of o‐formylbenzoic acid derivative (I) with secondary amines (III) and isocyanides (II) proceeds smoothly in the presence of silica nanoparticles under neat conditions to give dihydroisoindolone derivatives (IV) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Triggered Cascade Metal‐Free Synthesis of 2,3‐Diarylated Indoles under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Yao Changsheng , Wang Donglin , Lu Jun , Qin Bingbin , Zhang Honghong , Li Tuanjie , Yu Chenxia
Published: February 2012

The sequence allows to construct the required indoles from simple precursors, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Cyano‐ and 3‐(Arenesulfonyl)indoles from o‐Nitrobenzyl Cyanides and Sulfones.
Authors: Wrobel Zbigniew , Wojciechowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2012

Reductive cyclization of functionalized ortho‐nitroaryl substituted enamines with zinc in acetic acid offers an interesting entry to polysubstituted indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Polycyclizations of Polyenyne‐Type Anilines Based on Hydroamination and Consecutive Hydroarylation Cascade.
Authors: Hirano Kimio , Inaba Yusuke , Takasu Kiyosei , Oishi Shinya , Takemoto Yoshiji , Fujii Nobutaka , Ohno Hiroaki
Published: February 2012

It allows an efficient access to a number of polycyclic carbazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Indole‐Fused Scaffolds via Gold‐Catalyzed Tandem Annulation Reactions of 1,2‐Bis(alkynyl)‐2‐en‐1‐ones with Indoles.
Authors: Xie Xin , Du Xiangwei , Chen Yifeng , Liu Yuanhong
Published: February 2012

The efficient and rapid method allows the preparation of fused indoles such as (III), (V), and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Novel CF3‐Substituted Ring‐Fused Furo[2,3‐c]pyrazoles Through Rh2(OAc)4 Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of 4‐Diazo‐1‐phenyl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one with Aromatic Alkynes.
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Han Jianwei , Zhu Shizheng
Published: February 2012

The pyrazoles are important structural units in pigments and dyes with remarkable biological activities and building blocks in organic synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Addition—Intramolecular N‐Cyclization of Carbamates Mediated by Alkali Metallic Reagents as an Approach to 4‐(Fluoroalkyl)oxazolidin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Yang Xue‐Yan , Fang Xiang , Ju Zheng‐Hua , Hu Yun‐Li , Wu Fan‐Hong
Published: February 2012

Optimized conditions are developed for the synthesis of the title compounds, which are of high interest in medicinal chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Synthesis of Mono‐, Di‐, and Tri‐1,4‐Disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles Through Copper‐Mediated Alkyne—Azide Cycloaddition.
Authors: Stefani Helio A. , Canduzini Hugo A. , Manarin Favia
Published: February 2012

The sequence shown permits the assembly of two (or more) 1,2,3‐triazole units in one molecule.
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminum(III) Hydrogensulfate: An Efficient Solid Acid Catalyst for the Preparation of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles.
Authors: Sajadi S. Mohammad , Khalaj Mehdi , Mohammad Sayyed , Jamkarani Hosseini , Mahame Mehdi , Kashefib Mehrdad
Published: February 2012

The presented method has the advantages of good yields, simple operability, and easy work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Sulfonamide Catalyzed Asymmetric Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of Ethyl Glyoxylate with Danishefsky′s Diene.
Authors: Kanemitsu Takuya , Asajima Yasufumi , Shibata Takashi , Miyazaki Michiko , Nagata Kazuhiro , Itoh Takashi
Published: February 2012

Novel sulfonamide organocatalysts (I) are prepared from chiral Betti base and various sulfonyl chlorides and applied to the asymmetric hetero‐Diels‐Alder reaction of Danishefsky′s diene (II) with ethyl glyoxylate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Tandem Conjugate Addition/Annulation of 4‐Hydroxycoumarins with α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Liu Yunkui , Zhu Jie , Qian Jianqiang , Jiang Bo , Xu Zhenyuan
Published: February 2012

The procedure allows an efficient and selective access to biologically important pyranocoumarins.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodobenzene Catalyzed Synthesis of Spirofurans and Benzopyrans by Oxidative Cyclization of Vinylogous Esters.
Authors: Ngatimin Marsewi , Frey Raphael , Andrews Cecily , Lupton David W. , Hutt Oliver E.
Published: February 2012

The oxidative cyclization of vinylogous esters (I) bearing a para‐methoxybenzyl group affords spirofuran derivatives (II), whilst the cyclization of vinylogous esters (III) bearing a meta‐methoxybenzyl group gives rise to benzopyran derivatives (IV) as a sole product, even in the case of compound (IIId) bearing both meta‐ and para‐methoxybenzyl moieties.
ChemInform Abstract: An Inhibitor‐Like Binding Mode of a Carbonic Anhydrase Activator within the Active Site of Isoform II.
Authors: Dave Khyati , Ilies Marc A. , Scozzafava Andrea , Temperini Claudia , Vullo Daniela , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: February 2012

Salt (I), obtained by the Bayer—Piccard synthesis, is investigated as activator of several cytosolic and transmembrane carbonic anhydrase isoforms.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Approach to 2,3‐Disubstituted‐2,3‐dihydro‐4‐quinolones from 2‐Alkynylbenzamides.
Authors: Okamoto Noriko , Takeda Kei , Ishikura Minoru , Yanada Reiko
Published: February 2012

An efficient method to prepare trans‐2,3‐substituted dihydroquinolones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol)‐400 and Carbon on MoO3 Nanocomposite Materials and Its Catalytic Activity for Biginelli Reactions.
Authors: Navgire Madhukar , Yelwande Ajeet , Arbad Balasaheb , Lande Machhindra
Published: February 2012

An efficient catalytic system for the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidone derivatives via a Biginelli‐type reaction is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfamic Acid as a Reusable and Green Catalyst for Efficient and Simple Synthesis of 2‐Substituted‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones in Water or Methanol.
Authors: Rostami Amin , Tavakoli Ashkan
Published: February 2012

Sulfamic acid is demonstrated to be efficient catalyst for the cyclocondensation of anthranilamide with aldehydes and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Pharmacophore Modeling and in vitro Activity of 10,11‐Dihydrodibenzo[b,f]oxepine‐4‐carboxamide Derivatives as Novel and Potent Antagonists of the Prostaglandin EP4 Receptor.
Authors: Stasi Luigi Piero , et al. et al.
Published: February 2012

Compound ((S)‐XIIb) shows an excellent selectivity profile toward EP2 receptor subtype and low cytochrome P450 inhibition potential.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrative Glycosylation with the Hendrickson Reagent.
Authors: Mossotti Matteo , Panza Luigi
Published: February 2012

This methods allows a simple, mild, and efficient access to various glycosides and disaccharides.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Novel Cobactin‐T Based Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors via a Ring Closing Metathesis Strategy.
Authors: Wilson Lawrence J. , Wang Bingbing , Yang Shyh‐Ming , Scannevin Robert H. , Burke Sharon L. , Karnachi Prabha , Rhodes Kenneth J. , Murray William V.
Published: February 2012

A series of novel MMP inhibitors based on the natural product cobactin‐T are synthesized utilizing a ring closing metathesis reaction as the key reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Homocamptothecins Conjugating with Dihydropyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Topoisomerase I Inhibitors.
Authors: Sheng Chunquan , et al. et al.
Published: February 2012

Most of the synthesized compounds exhibit good antiproliferative activities on tumor cell lines A549, MDA‐MB‐435 and HCT116.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystalline Components from the Stem Bark of Callistemon lanceolatus.
Authors: Jain Renuka , Sharma Archana , Rawat Sapna , Jain Satish C.
Published: February 2012

Two novel phenolic acid esters, dotriacontanyl ferulate (Ia) and 32‐hydroxy dotriacontanyl ferulate (Ib), are isolated together with six known triterpenoids and two steroids.