bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Signal Implementation in Arduino-Based Obstacle Robot Control System
Authors: Sukri Hanifudin , Laksono Deni Tri , Laksono Dedi Tri , Ulum Miftachul
Published: December 2021

The results of the distance calculation used to control the movement of the robot, hanse the robot is able to avoid unknown obstacles. This obstacle robot divided into 3 parts, namely Arduino Uno as a controller, L298N driver as a motor/wheel controller and ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 as a sending and receiving device for ultrasonic signals. The ultrasonic sensor design on the obstacle robot placed at the front of the robot with the obstacle position in front. From the data analysis, the obstacle robot can determine the accuracy level of the detected distance and can stop according to the detected obstacle distance. The test results show that the obstacle robot is less accurate in detecting the obstacles in front of it, as evidenced by the test results that there is an average error of 0.118. The obstacle robot made using an ultrasonic sensor, so it is less accurate in reading the presence of a obstacle in front of it. In the test results, the biggest error is when the robot is at a distance of 30 cm, where the robot stops at a distance of 24 cm so that there is an error of 6 cm that missed.
Decision Support System of Student Study Service Program Group Distribution Applying Process Hierarchy Analitic Method: A Case Study Lppm of Musamus University
Authors: Habel Wayangkau Izak , Patawaran Nilfred , Prayitno Agus
Published: December 2021

Student study service is a community service, education and research activity that is carried out in an interdisciplinary and intra-curricular by dividing students into each group in certain location. Its group and location were determined by applications that produce alternative choices in making decisions on the distribution of student study service groups evenly through certain methods and criteria. The research applied the analytic hierarchy process method, where problems were simplified in a hierarchy including 3 components, such as goals, assessment criteria and alternative choices. The criteria were gender, department, and location potential. Applications of system builder were Visual Basic .NET, SQL Server and Crystal Report. The results were to facilitate distribution according to the criteria balanced and time of student study service efficiently. By the application, it assisted administration staff to determine student study service distribution and was able to be developed into various features and criteria.
The Need of Digital Competencies for the Industrial Internet of Things Manufacturing Era: A Case of Higher Students in Papua
Authors: Betaubun Martha
Published: December 2021

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has become a substantial topic in line with the industrial revolution 4.0 era. Digital competency represents a vital role in the IIoT framework. This study seeks to explore the digital competencies used in supporting IIoT. Respondents involved in this study were 300 people who came from students from the engineering faculty at a university in Papua. The results showed that students had mastery of digital competence for IIoT at a moderate level. This research implies an urgent need for policies from universities to be able to design strategies to improve digital competency capabilities for IIoT.
Application Of Naïve Bayes to Predict the Potential of Rain in Ternate City
Authors: Ali Alwin , Khairan Amal , Tempola Firman , Fuad Achmad
Published: December 2021

The amount of rainfall that occurs cannot be determined with certainty, but it can be predicted or estimated. In predicting the potential for rain, data mining techniques can be used by classifying data using the naive Bayes method. Naïve Bayes algorithm is a classification method using probability and statistical methods. The purpose of this study is how to implement the naive Bayes method to predict the potential for rain in Ternate City, and be able to calculate the accuracy of the Naive Bayes method from system created. The highest calculation results with new data with a total of 400 training data and 30 test data, obtained 30 correct data with 100% precision, 100% recall and 100% accuracy and the lowest calculation results with new data with a total of 500 training data and 50 test data, obtained 38 correct data and 12 incorrect data with a percentage of precision 61.29%, recall 100% and accuracy 76%.
Web-Based Smart Market Applications as a Preference Transition during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oktavia Suzanti Ika , Ayu Mufarroha Fifin , Jauhari Imamah
Published: December 2021

The Smart Market application is a web application that useful for making easier of traders and consumers to carry out buying and selling activities in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. In advances technology, it is very relevant to implement website-based buying and selling which is quite easy to reach. Hence these activities become more practical and efficient by online without leave the house and it can be seen by the wider community. Another advantage is that the public can see product price updates so that they can find out the price and prevent the market price of raw materials which tends to fluctuate and become a big government homework that never ends. With the increasingly competitive market competition, the Smart Market system was built to maintain the existence of traditional markets and retain customers who tend to like to shop online. The system has been built by proposing research methodologies including, analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The system has been tested to see the ability using black box techniques and it is found that all features have been running well in accordance with the expected results.
Design of Integrated Computer Aided Process Planning and Bill of Material in Industry 4.0 Environment
Authors: Yunitarini Rika , Widiaswanti Ernaning
Published: December 2021

Computer aided process planning (CAPP) has been widely used as an application that is able to plan the process in manufacturing with computer technology supporting. In its implementation, the process planning stage often requires complete data/information input regarding manufacturing products that will go through several process and operations. In the assembly process for example, before planning what process and operations will be carried out on a parts, the assembler must know the specifications and product structure, so that the assembly planning process becomes directed. The purpose of this research is to perform the design of integrated computer aided process planning and bill of material as the product structure that can support the planning process activities in manufacturing area and also suitable with industry 4.0 environment whereas the rapid changes in the information and communication technologies have broken the boundaries between virtual reality and the real world.
Conceptual Model of Essential Oil Agroindustry Development by Using System Dynamics Approach
Authors: Widiaswanti Ernaning , Yunitarini Rika
Published: December 2021

Essential oil industry is a growing industry in Indonesia due to the abundance of raw materials. However, the current production rate is still not able to meet the demands of domestic and foreign industries. This research aims to map Indonesian essential oil agroindustry, which starts from the supply of raw materials at the farm level to the marketing of products of essential oils at the exporter level. This research employed system dynamics approach. A conceptual model was built to determine factors that influenced the production of essential oils along the supply chain and is presented in a causal loop diagram. The results of this research indicate that the price factor is the main factor influencing the production of essential oils, and can be used as a basis to assist in determining the strategy for developing essential oil agroindustry in the future. This research will be useful for policy makers, all business actors involved in the essential oil agroindustry, and future researchers.
Minimization Risk Product Quality of Stolephorus Sp. Fish in Supply Chain Activities
Authors: Winarso Kukuh , Jufrianto Moh. , Yusron Rifky , Hidayat  , Wasiur
Published: December 2021

In supply chain activities, there is always the potential for risk to arise, therefore risk management is needed for risk control. PT. Marinal Indorima Kapedi is a manufacturing company engaged in fisheries, which processes raw materials of Stolephorus Sp. fish where supply chain activities have the opportunity to pose risks that cause a decrease in product quality. The purpose of this study is to identify quality reduction risks and risk agents that occur in supply chain activities then design mitigation strategies that can be used to reduce the emergence of risk agents. The method used to determine priorities and mitigation strategies is House of Risk (HOR). From the results of the study 7 proposed mitigation strategies were proposed to reduce the possibility of the emergence of risk agents in the company's supply chain activities, namely conducting routine training for all workers, setting a standard time for each process on the production line, implementing production machinery instead. workers, oversee every tighter work activity, coordinate with suppliers, apply a system of violations to contract workers if the working mechanism is not in accordance with the SOP, and take Stolephorus Sp. fish only for trusted suppliers
Raw Material Analysis control of SMBE Slipper Producer using Economic Order Quantity
Authors: Ahmad Sabarudin , Mualim Mualim , Purwoko Sugeng , Yusron Rifky
Published: December 2021

The growth of small-medium business enterprise in Indonesia is getting faster in decade, including small-medium business enterprise who produce slippers. SISCO is one of small-medium business enterprise who produce slipper. They must keep tight with market requirement. The supply of raw materials in a small-medium business enterprise is one of the important during production process. In some case their products are mismatch number from market demand. It can be worse if there a mismatch between raw materials ordering schedule from supplier and market demand from consumers. One of this problem requires Economic Order Quantity method as a solution, because during slippers production we have to order from supplier. Inventories are materials stored as raw materials, then they processed be finish product. To find out inventory, one of the inventory models used is the economic order quantity model. This method seeks to achieve the minimum possibility of inventory levels and lower costs and better quality. Economic Order Quantity method calculation based on raw material inventory control in SISCO slipper brand. Optimum monthly cost is IDR 5.293.541,03 to meet supply materials.
Junior High School Student’s Contagion Literacy: How far students understand Covid-19 Symptoms?
Authors: Sabtiawan Wahyu Budi , Sudibyo Elok , Purnomo Aris Rudi , Sari Dhita Ayu Permata , Budiyanto Mohammad , Setiawan Beni
Published: December 2021

In Indonesia, exploring what the students know about the characteristics of Covid-19 symptoms is crucial during Covid-19 pandemic. It is because to picture self-awareness of students about Covid-19 and readiness the students to face offline learning in school. The reason led a purpose of the research, that was, to describe the students’ contagion literacy about the characteristics of Covid-19 symptoms. The participant of the descriptive research was junior high school students in East Java, Indonesia. The data collected through online test consisted of 3 questions. The findings stated that (1) 34% of the students were able to answer Question 1; (2) 27% of the students answered correctly; and (3) 49% of the students chose correct answer. The implication of the research was that the student’s contagion literacy needs to be improved and the educators have to concern to the level of contagion literacy for junior high school students.
Students’ Creative Thinking Based on Motivation to Learn During Online Learning
Authors: Manoy Janet Trineke , Sari Astridtia Putri Junita
Published: December 2021

This research aims to analyze high school students’ creative thinking in solving mathematical problems based on learning motivation during online learning. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. Five tenth grade students with different levels of learning motivation during online learning, each of which is a representative of the very good and good learning motivation group were chosen to be the subjects of this research. The instruments used in this research were an learning motivation questionnaire during online learning to measure the level of student learning motivation during online learning, mathematics problems to test students’ creative thinking, and interview guidelines. The data on the results of the learning motivation questionnaire during online learning were analyzed using the Likert scale, the data on the results of the creative thinking test were analyzed based on components of creative thinking fluency, flexibility, novelty and the interview data were analyzed using the Analysis Interactive method from Miles and Huberman. The results of this study indicate that not all students with very good levels of motivation during online learning meet the components of creative thinking fluency, flexibility, and novelty. Students with a good level of motivation during online learning meet the creative thinking component, namely fluency.
Optimization Sugarcane and Paddy Waste as Bio-Composite Material to Absorb Impact Force
Authors: Arendra Anis , Yusron Rifky , Prasetyo Teguh
Published: December 2021

Agricultural waste such as sugarcane and paddy are common during harvesting to production process. Sometimes they burned after the harvest process, as consequently the environmental problem got multiply. Demand for Composite Material got inflate recently, because they are lighter and stronger than Polyethylene Plastic. Filler in composite materials is expensive and requires precise design. The aim of this research is to create cheap and eco-friendly composite materials, besides raised value of agricultural waste. The composite material using sugarcane bagasse as fibre, paddy chaff powder applied as filler and polyester resin as matrix. In this study, we varied the fibre direction with composition of sugarcane bagasse and paddy chaff powder. In this research fibre direction has three levels they are 0, 45 and 90 degrees. Composition between sugarcane bagasse, paddy chaff powder and polyester resin ratio has three levels they are 15:15:70, 12.5:12.5:75 and 10:10:80. ANOVA test shown fibre direction has significant influence to ability of the material to absorb impact energy 78.14 percent than fibre composition 12.10 percent. The highest impact absorb value is 0.3 degrees Joule on composition ratio paddy chaff: sugarcane: polyester resin is 15:15:70 and 45 degrees fibre direction.
Reproductive Snakehead Fish (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) in Swamps Waters
Authors: Sunarni Sunarni , Elviana Sisca , M B S Wairara Stenly
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the reproduction of Snakehead fish (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) in the waters of the Merauke district wasur swamp. The data analysis used was the sex ratio, the level of gonad maturity, and the first size of gonad maturity. The results showed that the sex ratio of male and female snakehead fish in October and November at stations I and II tended to be balanced, while in September the sex ratio of snakehead fish at station I was balanced and at station II was not balanced. The maturity level of snakehead fish gonads at TKG III in September was around 35.48%, in October 28.57% and 15.38% in November. The size of the first time the gonads were ripe, the results showed that the first time the fish were ripe, the gonads were 190 mm long and weighing 50.3 g.
Potential Of Various Types of Media for Breeding Oyster Mushroom F2
Authors: Widiwurjani  , Retno Mulyani Ida , Sa’diyah Ilmatus , Sari N.K.
Published: December 2021

This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology 1 and Farmers' Land in Karanganyar village, Poncokusumo, Malang. The materials used in this study were white oyster mushroom F1 seeds, 70% alcohol, soybean seeds, corn seeds, rice, sawdust, rice bran and mushroom baglog. This study used an experimental design, namely Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 8 treatment levels B1 = corn kernels (100%), B2 = soybean seeds (100%), B3 = rice (100%), B4 = sawdust (100%), B5 = corn kernels (50%) + sawdust (40%) + rice bran (10%). Parameters observed were height of Mycelium-covered Media (cm), Mycelium Growth Speed (cm/day), Contamination Occurrence Percentage (%). The average yield of the highest seedling height was 12.79 cm in treatment B8. The parameter of mycelium growth rate in B8 treatment had the fastest growth rate of 1.82 cm/ha. The lowest contamination was found in treatment B5, B6 by 4% and B7 by 20%. Treatment B3, B4 and B8 did not experience contamination.
Community Respond to Waste Treatment Base on 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) in The Settlement Environment of Moronge Village, Moronge District, Talaud Islam Regency
Authors: Sindua Nixon J. , Kaihatu Jolanda E.
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the community's response to waste management based on 3 R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) in the residential environment of Moronge Village, Moronge District. A descriptive quantitative research method was used by determined 25% of the population sample from 30 families. The result shows, The reducing of waste by 80% of respondents think that the condition of waste in the residential environment of Moronge Village, Moronge District is very concerning, an attempt to reuse waste that can still be used for the same or different functions from 83.3% of respondents agree if there is a part of the waste that can still be used and The activity to reprocess or recycle that 86.7% of respondents agree to utilize waste that can still be used in the form of recycling.
Utilization of Pine Fruit and Peanut Shell Wastes into Briquettes as an Alternative Fuel
Authors: Mirwa Mohamad , Jawwad Muhammad Abdus Salam
Published: December 2021

Fuel or energy sources scarcity is currently a problem in Indonesia. Pine waste and peanut shells are wastes that have potential to be processed into alternative energy as briquettes, using molasses as adhesive. Briquette was made by destroying the material into small pieces that have been carbonized and sieved with a variation of 20 and 30 mesh size, added with molasses, and then molded with a hydraulic press. Briquettes are dried using an oven at 105 °C for 10 hours to remove moisture content. The pine to peanut shell ratio used are of 0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, 2:3, 3:1 and 3:2. The analysis includes analysis of calorific value, moisture content, ash content and compressive strength. The result shows the pine waste to peanut shells ratio of 1:0 has the highest calorific value for 20 mesh is 4674.50 Cal/g and for 30 mesh is 4585.10 Cal/g. The lowest water content for 20 mesh is 1.76% and for 30 mesh is 1.85%. The lowest ash content for 20 mesh is 0.58% and for 30 mesh is 0.59%. And the highest compressive strength for 20 mesh is 35.20 kg/cm2 and for 30 mesh is 28.90 kg/cm2.
Potensiometric of Struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) Formation System from Biogas Waste in Electrolysis Cells
Authors: Soraya Santi Sintha , Eka Ayuanggraeni Nina , Kharisma Claudiana Trusshero , Sukamto
Published: December 2021

Struvite is a yellowish white or brownish yellow crystal. Struvite occurs in an alkaline environment. The reaction that occurs is the reduction of H+ and at the anode is H2O oxidation. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum potential conditions of deposition of struvite which was contained in biogas waste by electrolysis process and to improve the quality of struvite fertilizer. The method was carried out with the electrolysis time condition of 30 minutes where the electrical voltages used were 1V, 3V, 5V, 7V, and 9V and the size of the electrodes used were 30 cm, 36 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm. From the research that has been done, it could be seen that the struvite formed was very small, the best conditions in this study at 5V voltage and 36 cm electrode area with a yield of 28.8%.
Simulation Of Flood Mapping in Amasing Kali Village Using HEC-RAS 2D
Authors: Rauf Ichsan , Imran  , Sahdar Idhar
Published: December 2021

This study aims to map the distribution of floods that occurred due to the overflow of the Amasing Kali River on Bacan Island, South Halmahera. The magnitude of the flood as an input in the Watershed (DAS) system was analyzed using the Nakayasu unit synthetic hydrograph (HSS) method, while the morphometric characteristics of the watershed were analyzed by extracting digital elevation model data (Digital Elevation Model, DEM) using a Geographic Information System (GIS) application. The simulation of flood distribution with return periods of 2, 5, 10 and 25 years was carried out by applying the HecRAS 2D application. The mapping of the analysis and simulation results of this study shows that the potential flood-affected areas are on the north and south sides of Amasing Kali village with inundation heights varying between 0.50 m – 1.50 m.
Rationalization of Rainfall Station In Ternate Island
Authors: Widyawati Ega , Nagu Nani , Rizal Muhammad , Zulkarnain K.M. , Syafrel Oki
Published: December 2021

Good rainfall data can be obtained from recordings that are maintained and monitored continuously. Thus, the more rain stations there are, the more detailed the rainfall data will be. The rain station network density is expressed as the area of the watershed represented by one rain station. Meanwhile, the pattern of distribution of rain stations states the location of the placement of rain stations in the watershed. Ternate Island with an area of 76 km2 and has stations located in Akehuda Village, Gamayou Village, Tabona Village, Sasa Village, Kastela Village, and Sulamadaha Village. This study aims to rationalize the density of rainfall stations in Ternate Island. Rationalization of rainfall stations using the Kagan-Rodda method. The results obtained for the rationalization of rainfall stations with a total of 5 rain gauge stations spread across the city of Ternate, which are located in the Tabam, Gamayou, Sasa, Dorpedu, and Togafo areas with a grading error of 19.27% with a network density of 4.17 Km2/station.
Evaluation Accessibility Musamus University Lecture Building The Architecture Department To The Building Standard
Authors: Syanjayanta Biatma , Joenso Reyvaldi C.
Published: December 2021

In terms of the building development construction or space with the designation as activity place and mass facility, it must comply with the rules of standards safety, security, convenience and comfort building as well as standards requairement. Accessibility in a building is very important, especially the building as a place of activity or public services, such as a lecture hall building which of course will accommodate a large number of people. For those reasons a good planing that can meet the security and safety requirements in the building itself from the impact of unwanted natural disasters. This study evaluates the existing condition of accessibility in the lecture building of the architecture department of the Musamus University of Merauke. The results of this study are the results of measurements and assessments of the physical condition of the building against the technical standard regulations that have been set by the government, the building of the lecture hall building for the architecture department of Musamus University is in a condition that does not meet these requirements. So, if a natural disaster, earthquake or fire occurs, it will cause injuries and even death.
Numerical analysis of chemically foamed thick-walled PA66 GF30 moldings
Authors: Konczal Natalia , Czyżewski Piotr , Nowinka Bartosz
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a numerical analysis of thick-walled PA66 GF30 moldings with the addition of a chemical blowing agent with a content of 1-3 wt%, and the obtained results were compared with the real object. Computer simulations were performed using Moldex3D® software. Based on the numerical analysis, it was found that regardless of the dose of the blowing agent used, the largest pores were place in the core of the sample. Moreover, it was found that the size of the pores depends on their number in the cross-section of moldings. Compositions containing a higher cross-sectional pore density were characterized by smaller pore sizes. The results of the computer simulation also showed that increasing the blowing agent dose above 2 wt% does not significantly affect the size of the pores in the structure. The experimentally determined pore size of the composition containing 3 wt% chemical blowing agent slightly differs from the pore size obtained based on numerical analysis.
Diagnosing the technical condition of modern diesel injectors using thermal infrared cameras
Authors: Idzior Marek , Karpiuk Wojciech
Published: December 2021

Fuel injectors are the most damage-sensitive component of the diesel fuel injection system in self-ignition engines. Therefore, an important issue is their diagnosis for the proper assessment of their wear condition. The paper presents a method involving the use of an image from a thermal imaging camera to assess the technical condition of injectors used in common rail injection systems. Four injectors, whose technical condition was known, were tested. Three of them were characterized by a common fault they had damaged control valve seats, while one of the injectors was fully functional. In order to precisely assess their technical condition, the injectors were tested on a test bench. While the injectors were working, the temperature of the body in the place of the control valve was measured at a constant time interval. The conducted research has shown that there is a relationship between the rate of temperature rise of the damaged injectors’ body and their maximum temperatures, and the injection dose expenditure and the overflow expenditure.
Process optimization using grey relational analysis in dry sliding wear behavior on SiC/B4C/Talc reinforced Al 6061 hybrid metal matrix composite
Authors: Ramesh Kumar Chellamuthu , Baskar Subramanian , Ramesh Ganesan , Gurusamy Pathinettampadian , Maridurai Thirupathy
Published: December 2021

In this research, investigations were carried out on Al6061 base alloy with the changing weight percentage of silicon carbide (SiC) and boron carbide (B4C) with keeping the amount of talc constant. The main objective of this present study was to improve the wear resistance of aluminum alloy using SiC/B4C/talc ceramic particles using stir-casting technique and how the eco-friendly talc content influencing the solid lubricity during the abrasion process. The experiments were conducted via orthogonal array of L27 using Taguchi’s method. The optimum value along with the coefficient of friction was obtained on the basis of grey relational equations and ANOVA, which helped in analysis of most influential input parameters such as applied load, sliding speed, sliding distance and percentage of reinforcement. Conformation tests were performed for the purpose of validation of the experimental results. The specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDX for micro structural studies. The SiC, B4C and talc presence in the composite helped to improve the mechanical properties, according to the results. The presence of solid lubricant talc as reinforcement to the aluminum hybrid composite reduced the wear properties and decreased the co-efficient friction. These wear resistance improved aluminum metal matrix composites could be used in automobile, defense and domestic applications where high strength and wear resistance required with lesser specific weight.
Fatigue bei Long COVID
Authors: Weingärtner Anna-Lena , Stengel Andreas
Published: December 2021

Persistierende oder neu auftretende Symptome nach durchgemachter Infektion mit
SARS-CoV-2 sind häufig und werden als Long COVID bezeichnet. Hierbei
stellt die Fatigue das mit großem Abstand häufigste Symptom dar.
Der aktuelle Artikel beschäftigt sich mit Fatigue im Rahmen von Long
COVID, versucht eine pathogenetische Einordnung und macht Vorschläge zur
entsprechenden Behandlung.
Sehnsucht und Sucht – eine Einführung
Authors: Schlenker Nila Komalasari
Published: December 2021

Was ist Sehnsucht? Wann empfindet man Sehnsucht und warum? Welchen Einfluss hat Sehnsucht darauf, ob Kinder und Jugendliche eine Sucht entwickeln – nach Drogen, Alkohol oder Spielen? Und kann man dieser Sucht vorbeugen? Autorin Nila Schlenker hat sich dem Thema philosophisch genähert.
Onkologische Thoraxchirurgie während der COVID-19-Pandemie: eine
Fallkontrollstudie zum Risiko für postoperative Komplikationen
Authors: Hassan Mohamed , Le Uyen-Thao , Grapatsas Konstantinos , Passlick Bernward , Schmid Severin
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund Die COVID-19-Pandemie hatte, neben der offensichtlichen
Bedeutung als eigenständige Erkrankung, einen schwerwiegenden Einfluss auf alle
Aspekte der medizinischen Versorgung. In der onkologischen Chirurgie mussten
Operationen verschoben werden oder es kam zu verzögerten Diagnosen onkologischer
Erkrankungen, was neben der Sorge um unzureichende Ressourcen auch in der
Unsicherheit bezüglich der perioperativen Risiken begründet lag. In dieser
Studie untersuchen wir die Sicherheit der Durchführung onkologischer
thoraxchirurgischer Eingriffe während der COVID-19-Pandemie.

Patienten und Methoden Es wurden retrospektiv die Ergebnisse der
thoraxchirurgischen Operationen bei onkologischen Patienten am
Universitätsklinikum Freiburg während der 1., 2. und 3. Welle der
COVID-19-Pandemie (vom 01.01. bis 30.04.2020 sowie vom 01.01. bis 30.04.2021)
untersucht. Als Kontrollgruppe wurden die im gleichen Zeitraum vor der Pandemie
(2018 und 2019) durchgeführten Operationen gewählt. Der primäre Endpunkt war das
Auftreten postoperativer Komplikationen.

Ergebnisse 236 Operationen in der Pandemiekohorte und 227 Operationen in
der Kontrollkohorte wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Es gab keinen
Unterschied in der Inzidenzrate von postoperativen Minor-Komplikationen (16,1%
vs. 18,5%, p = 0,5395) oder Major-Komplikationen (12,2% vs. 10,13%, p = 0,5563)
zwischen der Pandemiekohorte und der Kontrollkohorte. Es zeigte sich kein
erhöhtes Risiko für postoperative pulmonale Komplikationen in der
Pandemiekohorte (Odds Ratio = 1,193, 95%-KI= 0,6515–2,203, p = 0,8232). Eine
COVID-19-Infektion nach der Operation trat bei 5 Patienten der Pandemiekohorte
auf (2,29%). Die postoperative Motilität innerhalb von 30 Tagen waren
vergleichbar zwischen der Pandemiekohorte und der Kontrollkohorte (2 (0,85%) vs.
1 (0,44%), p > 0,9999). Es gab keine COVID-19-infektionsbedingte
Mortalität.

Schlussfolgerung Die Durchführung von onkologischen thoraxchirurgischen
Operationen während der COVID-19-Pandemie ist, unter Einhaltung der
entsprechenden Sicherheitsmaßnahmen, sicher und weder mit einer erhöhten
Komplikationsrate noch einer erhöhten Mortalität verbunden.
Foundations of the Age-Area Hypothesis
Authors: Baker Matthew J.
Published: December 2021

A useful tool in understanding the roots of the world geography of culture is the Age-Area-Hypothesis. The Age-Area Hypothesis (AAH) asserts that the point of geographical origin of a group of related cultures is most likely where the culture speaking the most divergent language is located. In spite of its widespread, multidisciplinary application, the hypothesis remains imprecisely stated, and has no theoretical underpinnings. This paper describes a model of the AAH based on an economic theory of mass migrations. The theory leads to a family of measures of cultural divergence, which can be referred to as Dyen divergence measures. One measure is used to develop an Age-Area Theorem, which links linguistic divergence and likelihood of geographical origin. The theory allows for computation of the likelihood different locations are origin points for a group of related cultures, and can be applied recursively to yield probabilities of different historical migratory paths. The theory yields an Occam’s-razor-like result: migratory paths that are the simplest are also the most likely; a key principle of the AAH. The paper concludes with an application to the geographical origins of the peoples speaking Semitic languages.
Reconsidering the influence of the mass flux during nucleate flow boiling in a horizontal heated pipe
Authors: Paul Subhanker , Paul Suparna , Fernandino Maria , Dorao Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2021

The heat transfer rate during nucleate flow boiling conditions inside a horizontal heated pipe is assumed to increase with the heat flux until the boiling crisis while being independent of the mass flux. Contrary to this, we present experimental observations of a heat transfer deteriorated regime prior to the occurrence of the boiling crisis. We show that in this regime, the heat transfer coefficient becomes independent of the heat flux, and experimentally, we identify the limits of this boiling regime that elucidate how the near-wall interaction of the bubbles can hinder the heat transfer process. Furthermore, we show that in order to avoid this heat transfer deteriorated regime, the mass flux needs to exceed a threshold value, which drastically reduces as the working pressure decreases. This fact offers useful insights on how to design thermal management systems, and it is more important that the role of the mass flux during nucleate flow boiling needs to be reconsidered.
A similarity transformed second-order approximate coupled cluster method for the excited states: Theory, implementation, and benchmark
Authors: Haldar Soumi , Mukhopadhyay Tamoghna , Dutta Achintya Kumar
Published: December 2021

We present a novel and cost-effective approach of using a second similarity transformation of the Hamiltonian to include the missing higher-order terms in the second-order approximate coupled cluster singles and doubles (CC2) model. The performance of the newly developed ST-EOM-CC2 model has been investigated for the calculation of excitation energies of valence, Rydberg, and charge-transfer excited states. The method shows significant improvement in the excitation energies of Rydberg and charge-transfer excited states as compared to the conventional CC2 method while retaining the good performance of the latter for the valence excited state. This method retains the charge-transfer separability of the charge-transfer excited states, which is a significant advantage over the traditional CC2 method. A second order many-body perturbation theory variant of the new method is also proposed.
Linear fractional charge behavior in density functional theory through dielectric tuning of conductor-like polarizable continuum model
Authors: Hemmingsen Luke O. , Hervir Oliver A. J. , Dale Stephen G.
Published: December 2021

A property of exact density functional theory is linear fractional charge behavior as electrons are added or removed from a molecule. Typical density functional approximations (DFAs) exhibit delocalization error, which overstabilizes this fractional charge. Conversely, solvent corrections have been shown to erroneously destabilize this fractional charge. This work will show that an implicit solvent correction with a tuned dielectric can be used as an ad hoc correction to offset the delocalizing character of DFAs and achieve linear fractional charge behavior. While desirable, in principle, we find that this linear charge behavior degrades the vertical ionization energies reported by DFAs. Our results reveal that the localizing character of the solvent correction and the Hartree–Fock (HF) exchange offset each other. This helps explain the decreased ratios of HF exchange to DFA exchange in long-range hybrid tuning studies that use a solvent correction.
Colossal Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion in a periodic potential: Impact of nonequilibrium noise amplitude statistics
Authors: Białas K. , Spiechowicz J.
Published: December 2021

Last year, Białas et al. [Phys. Rev. E 102, 042121 (2020)] studied an overdamped dynamics of nonequilibrium noise driven Brownian particle dwelling in a spatially periodic potential and discovered a novel class of Brownian, yet non-Gaussian diffusion. The mean square displacement of the particle grows linearly with time and the probability density for the particle position is Gaussian; however, the corresponding distribution for the increments is non-Gaussian. The latter property induces the colossal enhancement of diffusion, significantly exceeding the well known effect of giant diffusion. Here, we considerably extend the above predictions by investigating the influence of nonequilibrium noise amplitude statistics on the colossal Brownian, yet non-Gaussian diffusion. The tail of amplitude distribution crucially impacts both the magnitude of diffusion amplification and the Gaussianity of the position and increments statistics. Our results carry profound consequences for diffusive behavior in nonequilibrium settings such as living cells in which diffusion is a central transport mechanism.
Surface dipole assisted charge carrier extraction in inverted architecture perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wong Man Ho , An Qingzhi , Kress Joshua , Mörsdorf Jean-Marc , Ballmann Joachim , Vaynzof Yana
Published: December 2021

Engineering the energetics of perovskite solar cells through the introduction of surface dipoles that assist with charge carrier extraction is a promising route to enhance the device performance without altering other device layers or fabrication parameters. In this work, we introduce four different derivatives of dicationic phosphonium-bridged ladder stilbenes (PYMC) in inverted perovskite solar cells with the device structure of ITO/Meo-2pacz/perovskite/PYMC/phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/bathocuproine/Ag. We show that the derivatives introduce a dipole at the perovskite/PCBM interface, which for derivatives with suitable energy levels can enhance the charge carrier extraction, leading to a quenched photoluminescence of perovskite thin films and an improved photovoltaic performance. As a result, both a higher average and maximum power conversion efficiency could be achieved and an overall better device reproducibility. This work highlights the significant potential of energetics engineering between perovskites and transport layers in perovskite solar cells for highly efficient photovoltaic devices.
Sub-picometer sensitivity and effect of anisotropic atomic vibrations on Ti L2,3-edge spectrum of SrTiO3
Authors: Haruta Mitsutaka , Nemoto Takashi , Kurata Hiroki
Published: December 2021

The effect of temperature on the electron energy-loss Ti L2,3-edge spectrum of SrTiO3 was ascertained using monochromated scanning transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that the spectrum is sensitive to structural changes involving volume expansion on the sub-picometer level, and the sensitivity is superior to that obtainable using conventional electron microscopy. Experimental spectra could be accurately reproduced by multiplet calculations that incorporated anisotropic atomic vibrations of oxygen atoms. This spectral technique could represent a powerful tool for investigating infinitesimal structural changes and atomic vibrations at local regions, such as interfaces.
Toward automated extraction and characterization of scaling regions in dynamical systems
Authors: Deshmukh Varad , Bradley Elizabeth , Garland Joshua , Meiss James D.
Published: December 2021

Scaling regions—intervals on a graph where the dependent variable depends linearly on the independent variable—abound in dynamical systems, notably in calculations of invariants like the correlation dimension or a Lyapunov exponent. In these applications, scaling regions are generally selected by hand, a process that is subjective and often challenging due to noise, algorithmic effects, and confirmation bias. In this paper, we propose an automated technique for extracting and characterizing such regions. Starting with a two-dimensional plot—e.g., the values of the correlation integral, calculated using the Grassberger–Procaccia algorithm over a range of scales—we create an ensemble of intervals by considering all possible combinations of end points, generating a distribution of slopes from least squares fits weighted by the length of the fitting line and the inverse square of the fit error. The mode of this distribution gives an estimate of the slope of the scaling region (if it exists). The end points of the intervals that correspond to the mode provide an estimate for the extent of that region. When there is no scaling region, the distributions will be wide and the resulting error estimates for the slope will be large. We demonstrate this method for computations of dimension and Lyapunov exponent for several dynamical systems and show that it can be useful in selecting values for the parameters in time-delay reconstructions.
A dimensionless number for high-throughput design of multi-principal element alloys in directed energy deposition
Authors: Islam Zahabul , Nelaturu Phalgun , Thoma Dan J.
Published: December 2021

The present study demonstrates the development of a dimensionless number to predict the build height in the additive manufacturing technique of directed energy deposition (DED). The build height can also be used to estimate the dendrite arm spacing and, thus, the cooling rate in the fabrication of samples. A baseline sample, 316L stainless steel, was used to fit the build height to the dimensionless number. A range of process parameters, including laser power, laser feed rate, powder flow rate, layer thickness, and hatch spacing, were varied. Based upon dendrite arm spacing, the estimated cooling rate varied between 102 and 104 K/s. Using the fitted relationship for the stainless steel, high-throughput (HT) processing of multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) was performed. For this study, HT is the ability to fabricate a batch of 25 bulk samples (∼1 cm3) with different compositions within a 5-h period with ±10 at. % accuracy. A range of compositions using in situ alloying of elemental powders in the Fe–Ni–Cr–Mo system were made. The MPEAs' build height followed the same relationship to the dimensionless number as the 316L alloy. The dimensionless number predicts both macro and meso-scale features in HT processing, thus offering a design tool for choosing process parameters in DED additive manufacturing. Also, the ability to control or increase cooling rates can enhance the ability to promote metastability as well as control meso-scale chemical distributions of alloy samples.
Analysis of potential effects of renewable energy policy
Authors: Lee Myunghun
Published: December 2021

Korea has announced its goal of achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050 by accelerating its shift toward renewable energy. We examined the effects of increasing renewable energy use on the demands for fossil fuels and the power supply price for the Korean electric power generation sector. Using the estimated price elasticities of demand between energy inputs, we can calculate that a 1% increase in renewable energy would lead to a 0.06%, 0.35%, and 0.17% lower demand for coal, oil, and gas, respectively, ceteris paribus, possibly resulting in a potential CO2 reduction by as much as 0.173 × 106 tons in total. The null hypothesis of no contribution of increasing renewable energy on power generation costs was rejected. The simulation results show that renewable energy generation costs did not increase sufficiently to cause the power supply price to rise significantly over the period 2000–2015.
Thermodynamic modeling of stress–strain behavior of saturated sand considering temperature effect
Authors: Yang Guangchang , Liu Yang , Chen Peipei
Published: December 2021

Based on the thermodynamic process of granular matter, considering the influence of temperature on energy dissipation at the mesoscopic level, a thermodynamic constitutive model, which can describe the thermal properties of saturated sand, is proposed in this paper. The model adopts the idea of double entropy theory, which introduces the concept of granular entropy to reflect the energy dissipation at the mesoscopic level. The energy dissipative structure composition and the related migration coefficient relationships are determined theoretically. Combined with the thermodynamic differential equation and the conservation and entropy increase equations, the thermodynamic identity is established; then, the mathematical expression of effective stress, plastic deformation, and granular temperature motion including the temperature effect are deduced accordingly. The relationship between the mesoscopic energy dissipation process caused by temperature change and macro-mechanical behavior is established by means of migration coefficient relationships and the energy function model. In addition, the dilatancy equation considering the state parameters is combined with the model parameters, so the stress–strain behavior of saturated sand considering the temperature effect can be described. The ability of the model to describe the thermal properties of saturated sand is verified by comparing the simulation results with the heating-induced volume change and triaxial undrained shear test results.
Study on neural network algorithm for detecting respirable dust in photoacoustic cavity
Authors: Jin Huawei , Luo Ping , Dou Juan , Bai Huachun
Published: December 2021

The traditional photoacoustic cavity has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and easy integration with optical cavity technology, so it has significant advantages in the measurement of the optical characteristics of respirable dust. In order to meet the demand of high-precision respirable dust measurements in practical applications, it is necessary to improve the measurement accuracy of respirable dust by traditional photoacoustic spectroscopy technology. Therefore, the structure size of the photoacoustic cavity was determined by theoretical and simulation analysis. A system for measuring respirable dust by photoacoustic spectroscopy was designed, which was applied to the atmospheric respirable dust detection simultaneously with the cavity ring-down spectroscopy system. The results showed that the correlation between the two systems was poor. Therefore, the three-layer back propagation neural network algorithm was used to correct the photoacoustic response values, and the measured value of the cavity ring-down spectroscopy system was used as the reference truth value. The calibration results showed that the output value of the neural network model was in good agreement with the reference true value: the slope was above 0.96. The results showed that the neural network algorithm could effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the photoacoustic spectroscopy system to respirable dust, improve the linearity, and reduce the detection error.