bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing anticipated non‐suicidal self‐injury by improving body esteem in individuals with weight suppression: A proof of concept study
Authors: Kennedy Grace A. , Jean Forney Katherine , Pinner Dennis , Martinez Kimberly M. , Buchman‐Schmitt Jennifer M. , Keel Pamela K.
Published: January 2019

Objective

Research suggests that weight suppression (WS) is linked to non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and that drive for thinness and depression may explain this association. We conducted a proof‐of‐concept study using a randomized control trial design to determine if improving body esteem and reducing depressive symptoms reduced NSSI in individuals with WS.

Method

Weight suppressed participants (N = 60) who engaged in NSSI were recruited from the community and randomly assigned to an on‐line intervention or control condition. The on‐line intervention was adapted from a cognitive‐dissonance intervention originally designed to reduce thin‐ideal internalization in females to an intervention to reduce internalization of unhealthy body ideals in both genders. Participants' weight/shape concerns, depressive symptoms, and NSSI were assessed at pre‐ and post‐intervention, or at baseline and 2‐week follow‐up for controls.

Results

Compared to controls, participants in the treatment condition reported greater decreases in likelihood of future NSSI [Cohen's d (95% CI) = −0.38 (−0.90–0.15)], weight/shape concerns [−1.19 (−1.75 to −0.62)], depressive symptoms [−1.00 (−1.56 to −0.45)], and significant improvements in appearance [1.27 (0.70–1.84)] and weight esteem [1.38 (0.80–1.96)].

Discussion

Future work could test this intervention in a larger trial with an active alternative treatment condition.
Effect of water temperature and fish biomass on environmental DNA shedding, degradation, and size distribution
Authors: Jo Toshiaki , Murakami Hiroaki , Yamamoto Satoshi , Masuda Reiji , Minamoto Toshifumi
Published: January 2019

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has successfully detected organisms in various aquatic environments. However, there is little basic information on eDNA, including the eDNA shedding and degradation processes. This study focused on water temperature and fish biomass and showed that eDNA shedding, degradation, and size distribution varied depending on water temperature and fish biomass. The tank experiments consisted of four temperature levels and three fish biomass levels. The total eDNA and size‐fractioned eDNA from Japanese Jack Mackerels (Trachurus japonicus) were quantified before and after removing the fish. The results showed that the eDNA shedding rate increased at higher water temperature and larger fish biomass, and the eDNA decay rate also increased at higher temperature and fish biomass. In addition, the small‐sized eDNA fractions were proportionally larger at higher temperatures, and these proportions varied among fish biomass. After removing the fish from the tanks, the percentage of eDNA temporally decreased when the eDNA size fraction was >10 µm, while the smaller size fractions increased. These results have the potential to make the use of eDNA analysis more widespread in the future.
Data‐driven minimum variance control using regulatory closed‐loop data based on the FRIT method
Authors: Okada Shogo , Masuda Shiro
Published: January 2019

The paper proposes data‐driven minimum variance regulatory control using a Fictitious Reference Iterative Tuning (FRIT) method. Our previous work has extended the original FRIT for reference signal tracking to the case of a stochastic disturbance attenuation problem. However, the method parametrizes the controller by using plant parameters based on a specific controller structure for minimum variance control. The present work uses a linearly parametrized inverse of the controller. Thus, a general parametrization is realized, and the integrator is straightforwardly introduced. An analytical result for the data‐driven cost function is also given. A numerical example shows effectiveness of the proposed method.
Investigation of the enantioselectivity of tetramethylammonium‐lactobionate chiral ionic liquid based dual selector systems toward basic drugs in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Liu Kang , Du Yingxiang , Liu Jie , Ma Xiaofei
Published: January 2019

Recently, chiral ionic liquids (CILs) have received increasing interest in chiral separation by CE. Nevertheless, the lack of deep perception of the specific mechanism about CILs in CE for enantioseparation still perplexes a legion of researchers, despite the strenuous efforts. In this paper, a lactobionic acid based ionic liquid, tetramethylammonium‐lactobionate (TMA‐LA) was applied for the first time in CE to establish dual selector system with clindamycin phosphate (CP) for enantiomeric separation. Compared to single CP system or single TMA‐LA system significantly improved separations of seven tested rameric drugs (propranolol, nefopam, citalopram, chlorphenamine, metoprolol, bisoprolol, and esmolol) were observed in the dual selector systems. Several crucial parameters such as type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer composition and pH, and concentration of TMA‐LA/CP were systematically investigated to achieve satisfied enantioseparation. Meanwhile, molecular modeling was applied to demonstrate the chiral recognition mechanism of the TMA‐LA/CP dual‐selector separation system using the molecular docking software Autodock, which well supported the experimental results. The existence of TMA‐LA/CP complex may give rise to a higher discriminatory ability against the enantiomers, indicating the reason of improved separation in TMA‐LA/CP system. All the influence factors evaluated by means of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) to research the influences on the chiral separation system.
Combination of 13C and 2H SNIF‐NMR isotopic fingerprints of vanillin to control its precursors
Authors: Guyader Sophie , Thomas Freddy , Jamin Eric , Grand Mathilde , Akoka Serge , Silvestre Virginie , Remaud Gérald S.
Published: January 2019

Synthetic vanillin is the flavouring most used in agro‐food industries, but more and more frequently consumers are now turning to natural origin. Vanilla planifolia (Andrews) is the most commercialized species of pods in the world and is mainly produced in Madagascar. However, periodically the production of V. planifolia suffers from poor climatic conditions, with the resulting degradation of both the quality and the quantity of the pods. Consequently, the price of vanilla pods rose to record in 2017 and the risk of fraud has increased in response. Analytical methods based on isotopic compositions have already proven their ability to ensure the authenticity of natural vanillin. In 2006, 2H SNIF‐NMR (site‐specific natural isotopic fractionation by nuclear magnetic resonance) was approved as official method by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC 2006.05). However, this method is time consuming and the extraction of 1 g is cumbersome for the finished products. The information brought by combined 2H and 13C SNIF‐NMR profiles was compared using chemometric tools to determine the best routine tool to improve both the global analysis time and the potential of detection. As a result of this work the ability of the SNIF‐NMR method to verify the authenticity of vanillin has been improved, in particular by providing the first means to discern the geographical origin of vanilla pods. Furthermore, 13C NMR using pulse sequences such as INEPT (insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer) offers the possibility to improve the sensitivity of the analysis, with a reduced quantity of product (less than 50 mg) and a shorter analysis time, which will facilitate the study of the finished matrices as well as clearly discriminating the origins of the vanilla flavourings.
Synthesis of Graphitic Mesoporous Carbon from Metal Impregnated Silica Template for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application
Authors: Sultana K. N. , Worku D. , Hossain M. T. Z. , Ilias S.
Published: January 2019

High surface area graphitic mesoporous carbons (M‐mGMC; M=Ni, Fe, Co or Ni‐Fe) were synthesized via catalytic graphitization using a hard template based synthesis method. In house prepared SBA‐15 silica material was impregnated with metal precursors to obtain M/SBA‐15, template for M‐mGMC synthesis. These materials were studied using different material characterization techniques, such as nitrogen adsorption desorption (BET), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Specific surface area ranging from 1,227.9 m2 g−1 to 1,320.7 m2 g−1 was observed for four M‐mGMCs. Raman spectroscopy, XPS and wide angle XRD suggested presence of graphitic structure in these materials along with disorders. Electrocatalytic performance of these materials along with conventional carbon black (Vulcan XC‐72) were evaluated in a single‐stack proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Pt/NiFe‐mGMC exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity compared to Pt/Ni‐mGMC, Pt/Fe‐mGMC and Pt/Co‐mGMC electrocatalysts. However, Pt/NiFe‐mGMC lacked adequate proton transport in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) compared to Pt/Vulcan XC‐72. This exploratory study showed that NiFe‐mGMC may find application as electrocatalyst support material in PEMFC.
A Fin‐shaped Flow Channel Enhances Water Removal Performance in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Liu H. C. , Yang W. M. , Tan J. , Cheng L. S.
Published: January 2019

Effective water removal and transport in the flow channel is significantly important to the critical water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, we proposed a fin‐shaped flow channel with hydrophobic walls to enhance liquid water removal from the surface of gas diffusion layer (GDL). Computational fluid dynamics simulations with volume‐of‐fluid method were carried out to investigate the liquid water behavior in the fin‐shaped flow channel. The results indicated that the hydrophobic fin‐shaped flow channel can not only effectively remove the water droplets on the GDL surface, but also accelerate their transport, avoiding water accumulation; the appropriate length, width and depth of the fin‐shaped grooves are 2.0 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.7 mm for comprehensive consideration of the water removal and transport, and the pressure drop throughout the channel. This work provides an alternative to conventional straight flow channel, and is helpful for the designing of high output PEMFCs.
Characterizations and accumulation of lacustrine source rocks in the Zhu I Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, China
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , He Sheng , Dong Tian , Xie Xiangyang , Xu Qinghai , Li Shaojie , Cheng Tian
Published: January 2019

The study of source rocks is a key component in the exploration and discovery of hydrocarbon plays in the offshore petroliferous basins of China. Geochemical analyses, drilling, seismic, and microfossil data were integrated to document the formation mechanism of lacustrine source rocks contained in the Wenchang Formation in the Zhu I Depression of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, China. Several factors that control the development of lacustrine source rocks were evaluated in this study, including tectonics, sedimentary conditions, palaeoclimate, the supply of organic matter, and redox conditions. The deposition and occurrence of source rocks is a combined function of these factors. Lacustrine source rocks are characterized by high organic matter contents (average TOC value = 1.33 wt.%) and are dominated by type I and type II1–2 kerogen, which primarily originate from planktonic algae. The rifting of basement rocks, syn‐sedimentary faults, and palaeoclimate played significant roles in controlling the geochemical properties of the source rocks (e.g., controlling the abundance and types of organic matter). The Eocene lacustrine source rocks were deposited when the palaeoclimate was characterized by humid to semi‐humid, subtropical to tropical weather that did not have a stable temperature or humidity. Controlled by large‐scale faults, “Half‐graben patterns” and “Graben patterns” are the two main palaeotopographic patterns where the thermal stratification of deep lake water resulted in flourishing planktonic algae in its surface zones. Dysoxic to anoxic conditions prevailed during the deposition of the lacustrine source rocks. An underfilled basin situation caused the occurrence of abundant organic matter during the period of maximum surface flooding.
Correlation of lithospheric “de‐rooting” of the Sulu‐Dabie Orogen to tectonic‐sedimentary process of the Hefei Basin: Constraints from Mesozoic coupling of basin and orogen
Authors: Zhao Feiyu , Jiang Suhua , Li Sanzhong , Chen Hongyan , Cao Wei , Wang Gang , Zhang Wen , Somerville Ian
Published: January 2019

The lithospheric “de‐rooting” of the Sulu‐Dabie Orogen (SDO) is an important tectonic mechanism for post‐orogenic tectono‐magmatism, which influenced the sedimentation, evolution, and development of oil–gas accumulation in the Hefei Basin (HB). Combined with seismic, geological, and sedimentary data of the HB and the SDO, this paper studies the coupling of the HB and the SDO since the Late Mesozoic. While the North China Block (NCB) indented south‐eastwards under the Greater South China Block (GSCB) since the Mesozoic, the SDO underwent three intense tectonic stages, i.e., subduction, exhumation, and uplift. The upwelling of deep mantle material causes the exhumation of the ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic (UHPM) rocks to the upper crust or surface, forming the UHPM. Influenced by the indentation of the NCB, the “de‐rooting” of the SDO lithosphere, caused the delamination and thinning of the lithosphere, accompanied by the continuous flexural subsidence in the HB. The basin underwent at least four stages of tectonic evolution, involving sequentially: the flexural basin, the foreland basin, the strike‐slip‐related basin, and the faulted graben development periods. The tectonic evolution of the HB was closely coupled with the SDO orogeny. The “de‐rooting” of the SDO lithosphere resulted in a strong uplift and erosion of the orogen, providing abundant source of material for the HB and causing the successively northwards migration of basin depocenters at its early stage. Finally, influenced by the subduction retreat of the (Palaeo‐) Pacific Plate and the strike‐slip movement of the Tanlu Fault, the depocenters migrated to the east.
Late Silurian to Late Triassic seamount/oceanic plateau series accretion in Jinshajiang subduction mélange, Central Tibet, SW China
Authors: Liu Yin , Xiao Wenjiao , Windley Brian F. , Schulmann Karel , Li Rongshe , Ji Wenhua , Zhou Kefa , Sang Miao , Chen Yichao , Jia Xiaoliang , Li Liang
Published: January 2019

The timing of the initial opening and subduction of the Palaeotethyan Ocean is currently highly debated, in particular regarding the Jinshajiang Ocean in the central Tibetan Plateau. This study presents four well‐constrained U–Pb zircon ages (422.4 ± 6.1, 336.4 ± 7.4, 272.3 ± 2.8, and 255.8 ± 3.4 Ma) of mafic blocks in the Jinshajiang Suture. These mafic blocks have a chemical oceanic island basalt (OIB) affinity. These facts, together with previously published data (236 Ma OIBs), may be interpreted as a series of seamounts/oceanic plateaux varying from Late Silurian to Late Triassic, which were accreted early in the subduction–accretion process. An andesite from the Jinshajiang Suture with continental arc characteristics yielded a zircon U–Pb weighted average age of 385.2 ± 6.6 Ma, implying that the subduction initiation may have occurred at least in the Middle Devonian. Our work suggests a long‐lived continuous accretion, which also puts an earlier initial opening time than previously thought. Taking into account the above data and integrated with relevant published information, we favour a long‐lived accretionary process accompanied with seamounts/oceanic plateaux, which provides robust new evidence for subduction‐related continental growth in the central Tibetan Plateau.
Pregnancy and adolescence entail similar neuroanatomical adaptations: A comparative analysis of cerebral morphometric changes
Authors: Carmona Susanna , Martínez‐García Magdalena , Paternina‐Die María , Barba‐Müller Erika , Wierenga Lara M. , Alemán‐Gómez Yasser , Pretus Clara , Marcos‐Vidal Luis , Beumala Laura , Cortizo Romina , Pozzobon Cristina , Picado Marisol , Lucco Florencio , García‐García David , Soliva Juan Carlos , Tobeña Adolf , Peper Jiska S. , Crone Eveline A. , Ballesteros Agustín , Vilarroya Oscar , Desco Manuel , Hoekzema Elseline
Published: January 2019

Mapping the impact of pregnancy on the human brain is essential for understanding the neurobiology of maternal caregiving. Recently, we found that pregnancy leads to a long‐lasting reduction in cerebral gray matter volume. However, the morphometric features behind the volumetric reductions remain unexplored. Furthermore, the similarity between these reductions and those occurring during adolescence, another hormonally similar transitional period of life, still needs to be investigated. Here, we used surface‐based methods to analyze the longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data of a group of 25 first‐time mothers (before and after pregnancy) and compare them to those of a group of 25 female adolescents (during 2 years of pubertal development). For both first‐time mothers and adolescent girls, a monthly rate of volumetric reductions of 0.09 mm3 was observed. In both cases, these reductions were accompanied by decreases in cortical thickness, surface area, local gyrification index, sulcal depth, and sulcal length, as well as increases in sulcal width. In fact, the changes associated with pregnancy did not differ from those that characterize the transition during adolescence in any of these measures. Our findings are consistent with the notion that the brain morphometric changes associated with pregnancy and adolescence reflect similar hormonally primed biological processes.
Preoperative low skeletal muscle mass as a risk factor for pharyngocutaneous fistula and decreased overall survival in patients undergoing total laryngectomy
Authors: Bril Sandra I. , Pezier Thomas F. , Tijink Bernard M. , Janssen Luuk M. , Braunius Weibel W. , de Bree Remco
Published: January 2019

Background

Low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is associated with postoperative complications, prolonged hospital stay, and short overall survival (OS) in surgical oncology. We aimed to investigate this association in patients undergoing total laryngectomy (TL).

Methods

A retrospective study was performed of patients undergoing TL. SMM was measured using CT or MRI scans at the level of the third cervical vertebra (C3).

Results

In all, 235 patients were included. Low SMM was observed in 109 patients (46.4%). Patients with low SMM had more pharyngocutaneous fistulas (PCFs) than patients with normal SMM (34.9% vs 20.6%; P = .02) and prolonged hospital stay (median, 17 vs 14 days; P < .001). In multivariate analysis, low SMM (hazards ratio, 1.849; 95% confidence interval, 1.202‐2.843) and high N stage were significant prognosticators of decreased OS.

Conclusion

Low SMM is associated with PCF and prolonged hospital stay in patients undergoing TL. Low SMM is an independent prognostic factor for shorter OS.
Primary vs secondary zygomatic implant placement in patients with head and neck cancer—A 10‐year prospective study
Authors: Butterworth Chris J.
Published: January 2019

Background

Zygomatic implants can provide excellent remote anchorage to support the prosthetic rehabilitation of patients treated for maxillary and midfacial tumors.

Methods

Patients who underwent zygomatic implant placement by the author between 2006 and 2016 as part of their oncology treatment were followed prospectively.

Results

Forty‐nine consecutively treated patients received 131 zygomatic implants of which 9 failed and were removed from 4 patients; 24 patients (49%) received radiotherapy either before or after implant insertion. The overall 12‐month survival estimate was 94% and the 60‐month estimate was 92%.

Conclusions

The use of zygomatic implants in the management of maxillary and midfacial malignancy is a predictable prosthetic treatment modality to support complex oral and facial prostheses. Their use with or without free tissue transfer can provide effective prosthetic rehabilitation with high implant survival irrespective of the timing of placement or the need for adjuvant radiotherapy.

Clinical Significance

Zygomatic Implants provide an excellent platform for the restoration of the dentition and facial structures affected by maxillary and midfacial malignant disease.
Functional loss of ARID1A is tightly associated with high PD‐L1 expression in gastric cancer
Authors: Kim Young‐Bae , Ahn Ji Mi , Bae Won Jung , Sung Chang Ohk , Lee Dakeun
Published: January 2019

Notwithstanding remarkable treatment success with anti‐PD‐1 monoclonal antibody, oncogenic mechanism of PD‐L1 regulation in gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that ARID1A might be related to tumor PD‐L1 expression in GC. We found that tumor PD‐L1 positivity was associated with loss of ARID1A and showed trend toward better survival of patients with various molecular subtypes of GC (experimental set, n = 273). Considering heterogeneous ARID1A expression, we validated this using whole tissue sections (n = 159) and found that loss of ARID1A was correlated with microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and PD‐L1 positivity. Furthermore, for patients with MSI‐H tumors, the degree of PD‐L1 expression was significantly higher in ARID1A‐deficient tumors. After ARID1A knockdown in GC cell lines, total and membranous PD‐L1 protein, and PD‐L1 mRNA levels were increased based on Western blot, flow cytometry, and qRT‐PCR, respectively. With IFN‐γ treatment, PD‐L1 expression was significantly increased both in ARID1A‐deficient cancer cells and controls, but the increase was not more pronounced in the former. Loss of ARID1A increased PD‐L1 via activating AKT signaling, while LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) decreased PD‐L1 levels. Furthermore, we found that 3 MSI‐H tumors showing highest expression of PD‐L1 had simultaneous KRAS mutation and loss of ARID1A, suggesting a possible synergistic role boosting PD‐L1. Our results strongly indicate that loss of ARID1A is tightly associated with high PD‐L1 expression in GC. These results would increase our understanding of the oncogenic mechanism of PD‐L1 regulation in GC, and also help to find the optimal candidates for immunotherapy.
Fabricating large‐scale three‐dimensional constructs with living cells by processing with syringe needles
Authors: Sasaki Jun‐Ichi , Katata Chihiro , Abe Gabriela L , Matsumoto Takuya , Imazato Satoshi
Published: January 2019

Three‐dimensional (3D) cell constructs composed only of cells and cell‐secreted extracellular matrix have been attractive biomaterials for tissue engineering technology; however, controlling construct morphology and eliminating dead cells after fabrication remain a challenge. It has been hypothesized that moderate stress could shape constructs and eliminate dead cells. The purpose of this study was to establish an easily available technology for shaping 3D cell constructs and eliminating dead cells postfabrication. To achieve these objectives, spherical cell constructs composed of L‐929 fibroblasts were processed using different sized syringe needles. Our results revealed that large‐scale rod‐shaped cell constructs could be fabricated, and that their diameters could be controlled according to the size of the syringe needle. Additionally, cell viability assays showed that >94% of cells in the rod‐shaped constructs were viable, suggesting that dead cells, which have low adhesion force, were dispersed when compressive stress was applied during passage through the needle. The technology described in this study will be promising for future tissue engineering, especially for fabricating elongated tissues such as nerves and blood vessels. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 904–909, 2019.
Toxic effects of combined treatment of 1,2‐dichloroethane and ethanol on mouse brain and the related mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Lin , Jin Ya‐ping
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of brain damage induced by the combined treatment of mice with 1,2‐dichloroethane (1,2‐DCE) and ethanol. Mice were divided into control group; 1,2‐DCE‐intoxicated group; ethanol‐treated group; and low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose combined treatment groups. Histological observations along with brain organ coefficients and water content were used to measure the brain damage directly and indirectly. The levels of nonprotein sulfhydryls, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase activity were used as parameters to evaluate oxidative stress in the brain. Protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), zonula occludens‐1 (occludin and zo‐1), aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase (HO)‐1, and the γ‐glutamyl cysteine synthetase catalytic and modulatory subunits (γ‐GCSc, GR, and γ‐GCSm) in the brain were examined by Western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. Effects of the combined treatment of 1,2‐DCE and ethanol were evaluated by analysis of variance with a factorial design. The results suggested that combined exposure to ethanol and 1,2‐DCE synergistically increased CYP2E1 protein and mRNA levels, accelerated the metabolism of ethanol and 1,2‐DCE in the brain tissue, induced high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased MDA levels, thereby damaging the blood‐brain barrier and causing obvious pathological changes in brain tissue. However, the increased level of ROS activated the Nrf2 signal transduction pathway, promoting the expression of HO‐1 and glutathione‐related antioxidant enzymes in the brain to protect the cells from oxidative damage.
Genetic counseling in pediatric acute care: Reflections on ultra‐rapid genomic diagnoses in neonates
Authors: Ayres Samantha , Gallacher Lyndon , Stark Zornitza , Brett Gemma R.
Published: January 2019

As genomic sequencing has become available in pediatric clinical genetics settings, genetic counselors have been called upon to support individuals and families through the testing process. Technological and bioinformatic advancements, along with the availability of analytical expertise, have significantly reduced genomic sequencing turnaround times, enabling this powerful diagnostic tool to be used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in place of or alongside traditional diagnostic strategies. It is important that pretest counseling for genomic sequencing prepares parents of critically unwell infants for the potential impacts of achieving a diagnosis, such as rare or ultra‐rare diagnoses with limited disease‐specific information, or the diagnosis of a life‐limiting condition. Genetic counseling experiences and challenges arising in rapid genomic sequencing settings are yet to be discussed in the literature in detail. This paper uses illustrative cases as the basis to describe and discuss the emerging role of genetic counselors in NICU multidisciplinary care teams and the challenges and considerations which arise when facilitating ultra‐rapid genomic diagnoses in acutely unwell neonates. Counseling issues discussed include providing pre‐ and posttest counseling in the medicalized NICU setting, facilitating informed decision‐making at a time of acute distress for families, and special considerations around the possibility of ultra‐rare diagnoses in neonates at the beginning of their diagnostic trajectory. As technology continues to drive practice, it is important genetic counselors remain abreast of these issues in order to appropriately support families through the genomic sequencing process and beyond.
Preparation of 177Lu‐labeled Nimotuzumab for radioimmunotherapy of EGFR‐positive cancers: Comparison of DOTA and CHX‐A″‐DTPA as bifunctional chelators
Authors: Pandey Usha , Kameswaran Mythili , Gamre Naresh , Dash Ashutosh
Published: January 2019

This study was aimed at evaluating the role of bifunctional chelators DOTA‐NCS and CHX‐A″‐DTPA‐NCS used for conjugating 177Lu with Nimotuzumab on the radiochemical yields, purity, in vitro stability, and specificity of the radioimmunoconjugates to EGFR. Two immunoconjugates were prepared wherein Nimotuzumab was conjugated with the acyclic ligand p‐NCS‐Bn‐CHX‐A″‐DTPA and macrocyclic ligand p‐NCS‐Bn‐DOTA. These were radiolabeled with 177Lu, purified on PD‐10 column, and characterized by SE‐HPLC. In vitro stability was determined up to 4 days post preparation. Specificity of the radioimmunoconjugates was ascertained by in vitro studies in A431 cells while the biodistribution patterns were studied in normal Swiss mice up to 96 hours post injection. Four to five molecules of CHX‐A″‐DTPA/DOTA were attached to one molecule of Nimotuzumab. Radiochemical purity of both 177Lu‐CHX‐A″‐DTPA‐Nimotuzumab and 177Lu‐DOTA‐Nimotuzumab was determined to be greater than 98%. Both the radioimmunoconjugates exhibited good in vitro stability at 37°C up to 4 days post preparation in saline, and their clearance was largely by the hepatobiliary route. The DOTA‐ and CHX‐A″‐DTPA‐based radioimmunoconjugates could be prepared with good radiochemical purity, in vitro stability, and specificity to EGFR. Further studies in EGFR‐positive cancers would pave way for them for use in the clinics.
Ce‐141‐labeled DOTMP: A theranostic option in management of pain due to skeletal metastases
Authors: Vimalnath K.V. , Rajeswari Ardhi , Sarma Haladhar Dev , Dash Ashutosh , Chakraborty Sudipta
Published: January 2019

Owing to its favorable radioactive decay characteristics (T1/2 = 32.51 d, Eβ [max] = 434.6 keV [70.5%] and 580.0 keV [29.5%], Eγ = 145.4 keV [48.5%]), 141Ce could be envisaged as a theranostic radionuclide for use in nuclear medicine. The present article reports synthesis and evaluation of 141Ce complex of 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetramethylenephosphonic acid (DOTMP) as a potent theranostic agent targeting metastatic skeletal lesions. Ce‐141 was produced with 314 ± 29 MBq/mg (n = 6) specific activity and >99.9% radionuclidic purity (n = 6). Around 185 MBq dose of [141Ce]Ce‐DOTMP was synthesized with 98.6 ± 0.5% (n = 4) radiochemical yield under optimized conditions of reaction, and the preparation showed adequately high in vitro stability. Biodistribution studies in normal Wistar rats demonstrated significant skeletal localization and retention of injected activity (2.73 ± 0.28% and 2.63 ± 0.22% of injected activity per gram in femur at 3 hours and 14 days post‐injection, respectively) with rapid clearance from non‐target organs. The results of biodistribution studies were corroborated by serial scintigraphic imaging studies. These results demonstrate the potential utility of 141Ce‐DOTMP as a theranostic molecule for personalized patient care of cancer patients suffering from painful metastatic skeletal lesions.
Risk factors of radiotherapy‐induced cerebral microbleeds and serial analysis of their size compared with white matter changes: A 7T MRI study in 113 adult patients with brain tumors
Authors: Morrison Melanie A. , Hess Christopher P. , Clarke Jennifer L. , Butowski Nicholas , Chang Susan M. , Molinaro Annette M. , Lupo Janine M.
Published: January 2019

Background

Although radiation therapy (RT) contributes to survival benefit in many brain tumor patients, it has also been associated with long‐term brain injury. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) represent an important manifestation of radiation‐related injury.

Purpose

To characterize the change in size and number of CMBs over time and to evaluate their relationship to white matter structural integrity as measured using diffusion MRI indices.

Study Type

Longitudinal, retrospective, human cohort.

Population

In all, 113 brain tumor patients including patients treated with focal RT (n = 91, 80.5%) and a subset of nonirradiated controls (n = 22, 19.5%).

Field Strength/Sequence

Single and multiecho susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) and multiband, shell, and direction diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 7 T.

Assessment

Patients were scanned either once or serially. CMBs were detected and quantified on SWI images using a semiautomated approach. Local and global fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured from DTI data for a subset of 35 patients.

Statistical Tests

Potential risk factors for CMB development were determined by multivariate linear regression and using linear mixed‐effect models. Longitudinal FA was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated for trends.

Results

All patients scanned at 1 or more years post‐RT had CMBs. A history of multiple surgical resections was a risk factor for development of CMBs. The total number and volume of CMBs increased by 18% and 11% per year, respectively, although individual CMBs decreased in volume over time. Simultaneous to these microvascular changes, FA decreased by a median of 6.5% per year. While the majority of nonirradiated controls had no CMBs, four control patients presented with fewer than five CMBs.

Data Conclusion

Identifying patients who are at the greatest risk for CMB development, with its likely associated long‐term cognitive impairment, is an important step towards developing and piloting preventative and/or rehabilitative measures for patients undergoing RT.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 4

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:868–877.
Identification of G‐nerve agents at picogram levels from complex organic samples containing hydrocarbon interferences by aqueous extraction, followed by derivatization and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Weissberg Avi , Elgarisi Maor , Madmon Moran , Shifrovich Avital , Blanca Merav , Dagan Shai
Published: January 2019

The chromatograms obtained from the gas chromatography‐electron ionization mass spectrometric (GC‐EI‐MS) analysis of extracts containing G‐nerve agents in the presence of diesel, gasoline, etc., are dominated by hydrocarbon backgrounds that “mask” the G‐nerve agents, leading to severe difficulties in identification. This paper presents a practical solution for this challenge by transferring the G‐nerve agents from the organic phase into the aqueous phase using liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE), followed by derivatization with 2‐[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol (2‐DMAMP), allowing ultrasensitive LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis of the G‐derivatives. The proposed approach enables rapid identification of trace amounts of G‐nerve agents with limits of identification (LOIs) at the pg/mL scale.
Green biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Chenopodium formosanum shell extract and analysis of the particles' antibacterial properties
Authors: Chen Mei‐Nung , Chan Chin‐Feng , Huang Shu‐Ling , Lin Yung‐Sheng
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Various physical and chemical methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles have had some drawbacks. Therefore, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) has became one of the most crucial emerging areas of nanobiotechnology. In the present study, plant‐mediated synthesis of Au NPs was performed using Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) shell extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent.

RESULTS

Reaction parameters were manipulated to optimize the Au NPs using a UV‐visible spectrophotometer. Optimized Au NPs with a surface plasmon resonance band at 533 nm were prepared using a 744 µg mL−1 extract and a solution of pH 2.62 chloroauric acid (HAuCl4·3H2O) at 40 °C. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) results indicated that most of the resultant Au NPs were spherical in shape and exhibited a mean size of 8 ± 6 nm. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the elemental gold and crystalline nature of the resultant NPs. FTIR spectrum analysis indicated the critical role of phenolic groups in the reduction of Au3+ ions and stabilization of the formed Au NPs. Moreover, the synthesized Au NPs possessed antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

CONCLUSION

In this study, Au NPs were synthesized with high efficiency and stability using Djulis shell extract, and related antibacterial applications were demonstrated. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Patient satisfaction and our clinical experience with 459 microfocused ultrasound treatments
Authors: Chang Yunyoung C. , Croix Jennifer , Javvaji Srimanasi , Hernandez Shannon , Chapas Anne M. , MacGregor Jennifer
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Microfocused ultrasound (MFUS) is a safe and effective method for noninvasive skin tightening. Previous clinical studies demonstrate a 60–100% patient satisfaction after MFUS. We used an anonymous online platform after MFUS to assess patient satisfaction.

Design

Patients treated with MFUS between January 2013 and 2016 were invited to complete an anonymous online survey at least 4 months post‐treatment. Patients were asked to rate improvement in skin tightening as none (0%), mild (0–25%), moderate (26–50%), significant (51–75%), or dramatic (76–100%) and treatment satisfaction as disappointed, neutral, satisfied, or extremely satisfied.

Between January 2013 and 2016, 253 patients received 459 MFUS treatments at our center. A total of 83 surveys were received with data. Nearly 80% of responders reported at least mild improvement, with 14.5% indicating significant improvement, 27.7% indicating moderate, 37.3% indicating mild, and 20.5% indicating none. In addition, 53.1% of responders reported being satisfied or extremely satisfied with the results. 44.6% of responders did not feel treatment results met expectations.

Conclusion

Patient satisfaction with elective cosmetic procedures is an important indicator of success. Our current study demonstrates a high response rate, with almost 80% of responders indicating at least mild tightening with MFUS treatment. Interestingly, only 53.1% of patients reported satisfaction after treatment, a lower satisfaction rate than reported in previous non‐anonymous studies and lower than patients report in our office follow‐up appointments. This discrepancy may be due to gratitude bias. Anonymous surveys likely provide a more accurate assessment of patients’ perceptions and will improve physician's future counseling efforts. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:495–499, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TAC urges NIMH to prioritize treatment for schizophrenia
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2019

Since clozapine (Clozaril) was approved nearly 30 years ago, there has been no significant pharmacologic advance for schizophrenia, contend Treatment Advocacy Center (TAC) psychiatric researchers in a new article published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Schizophrenia, they say, is one of the most important diseases in the United States, both socially and economically.
Critical diapause portion for oscillations: Parametric trigonometric functions and their applications for Hopf bifurcation analyses
Authors: Zhang Xue , Wu Jianhong
Published: January 2019

An important adaptive mechanism for ticks in respond to variable climate is diapause. Incorporating this physiological mechanism into a tick population dynamics model results in a delay differential system with multiple delays. Here, we consider a mechanistic model that takes into consideration of the development diapause by both larvae and nymph ticks, which share a common set of hosts. We introduce the concept of parametric trigonometric functions (convex combinations of two trigonometric functions with different oscillation frequencies) and explore their qualitative properties to derive an explicit formula of the critical diapause portion for the Hopf bifurcation to take place. Our work shows analytically that diapause can generate complex oscillations even though seasonality is not included.
Detecting a hidden obstacle via the time domain enclosure method. A scalar wave case
Authors: Ikehata Masaru
Published: January 2019

The characterization problem of the existence of an unknown obstacle behind a known obstacle is considered by using a singe observed wave at a place where the wave is generated. The unknown obstacle is invisible from the place by using a visible ray. A mathematical formulation of the problem using the classical wave equation is given. The main result consists of two parts: (a) one can make a decision whether the unknown obstacle exists or not behind a known impenetrable obstacle by using a single wave over a finite time interval under some a‐priori information on the position of the unknown obstacle; (b) one can obtain a lower bound on the Euclidean distance of the unknown obstacle to the center point of the support of the initial data of the wave. The proof is based on the idea of the time domain enclosure method and employs some previous results on the Gaussian lower/upper estimates for the heat kernels and domination of semigroups.
Improved impedance conditions for a thin layer problem in a nonsmooth domain
Authors: Auvray Alexis , Vial Grégory
Published: January 2019

In this article, we consider the model problem of the Laplace equation in a domain with a thin layer on a part of its boundary. The singularities appearing where boundary conditions change deteriorate the efficiency of the classical impedance condition used to replace the layer. Modified impedance conditions are proposed, which lead to some improvements in the error estimates.
New fifth‐order two‐derivative Runge‐Kutta methods with constant and frequency‐dependent coefficients
Authors: Kalogiratou Zacharoula , Monovasilis Theodore , Simos Theodore E.
Published: January 2019

Two‐derivative Runge‐Kutta methods are Runge‐Kutta methods for problems of the form y′ = f(y) that include the second derivative y′′ = g(y) = f ′(y)f(y) and were developed in the work of Chan and Tsai. In this work, we consider explicit methods and construct a family of fifth‐order methods with three stages of the general case that use several evaluations of f and g per step. For problems with oscillatory solution and in the case that a good estimate of the dominant frequency is known, methods with frequency‐dependent coefficients are used; there are several procedures for constructing such methods. We give the general framework for the construction of methods with variable coefficients following the approach of Simos. We modify the above family to derive methods with frequency‐dependent coefficients following this approach as well as the approach given by Vanden Berghe. We provide numerical results to demonstrate the efficiency of the new methods using three test problems.
A radio frequency‐based antenna sensor as a protractor
Authors: Su Chun‐Hsi , Wu Hong‐Wei
Published: January 2019

An antenna sensor is proposed to play dual role of a functional antenna and a sensor in a wireless sensor system, in an effort to reduce data loss and to increase transmission rate by eliminating a certain interface. A function of protractor was implemented on the coil antenna, working at radio frequency, to demonstrate the antenna sensor. The coil antenna was made of a copper wire with a wire diameter of 1 mm and had a coil diameter of 60 mm. With the impedance matching for the antenna designed at a resonant frequency of 43 MHz, a signal composed of multiple waves at shifted frequencies was transmitted from a mixer to the bent coil sensor, which acts as the emitting antenna. Upon received at the receiver coil, the signal was analyzed using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. The received frequency‐domain signals were used to establish the characteristic matrix for the antenna sensor during a calibration process. The characteristic matrix becomes the fingerprint pattern to identify test angle of the bent coil sensor through the calculation of the Euclidean distance based upon the k nearest neighbor (kNN) classifier of the machine learning. The results showed that all the 16 test angles were identified accurately in the correct angle range.
Dual‐band (5G millimeter‐wave and dedicated short‐range communication) stacked patch antenna for advanced telematics applications
Authors: Lee Woncheol , Hong Yang‐Ki , Won Hoyun , Choi Minyeong , Jeong Nathan Seongheon , Lee Jaejin
Published: January 2019

The designed and fabricated patch antenna covers both dedicated short‐range communication (DSRC) and Fifth Generation (5G) millimeter‐wave (mmW) bands for advanced telematics. The fabricated antenna has a small volume of 2.7λH × 2.6λH × 0.15λH, where λH is the air wavelength of the highest operating frequency. The antenna performances, such as S‐parameters, the realized gain at boresight (RG00), antenna radiation efficiency, and radiation patterns, are reported. The simulated results are in good agreement with the measured ones. Despite the fabricated antenna's compactness, port isolation higher than 31 dB was achieved. Not only high RG00s of 6.8 and 12 dBi were obtained at DSRC and 5G mmW bands, respectively, but also an efficiency greater than 90% was observed at both frequency bands. Lastly, the fabricated antenna shows better performance than the previously reported dual‐band antennas.
A compact module‐integrated wireless power transfer system with a square metal plate
Authors: Ahn Seong‐Hyeop , Lee Wang‐Sang
Published: January 2019

In this article, we propose a compact module‐integrated wireless power transfer (WPT) system for miniaturizing a WPT system and improving power transfer efficiency (PTE) within the operating distance. Using an eddy current (and its associated magnetic field) formed in a module‐integrated square metal plate, the proposed WPT system realizes a uniform mutual inductance between the coils within the operating distance and achieves an improved PTE of up to 54.7% at 6.78 MHz compared to the conventional WPT system.
Lifetime and 12‐month treatment for mental disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among first year college students
Authors: Bruffaerts Ronny , Mortier Philippe , Auerbach Randy P. , Alonso Jordi , Hermosillo De la Torre Alicia E. , Cuijpers Pim , Demyttenaere Koen , Ebert David D. , Green Jennifer Greif , Hasking Penelope , Stein Dan J. , Ennis Edel , Nock Matthew K. , Pinder‐Amaker Stephanie , Sampson Nancy A. , Vilagut Gemma , Zaslavsky Alan M. , Kessler Ronald C. ,   WHO WMH‐ICS Collaborators
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Mental disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) are common and burdensome among college students. Although available evidence suggests that only a small proportion of the students with these conditions receive treatment, broad‐based data on patterns of treatment are lacking. The aim of this study is to examine the receipt of mental health treatment among college students cross‐nationally.

Methods

Web‐based self‐report surveys were obtained from 13,984 first year students from 19 colleges in eight countries across the world as part of the World Health Organization's World Mental Health–International College Student Initiative. The survey assessed lifetime and 12‐month common mental disorders/STB and treatment of these conditions.

Results

Lifetime and 12‐month treatment rates were very low, with estimates of 25.3–36.3% for mental disorders and 29.5–36.1% for STB. Treatment was positively associated with STB severity. However, even among severe cases, lifetime and 12‐month treatment rates were never higher than 60.0% and 45.1%, respectively.

Conclusions

High unmet need for treatment of mental disorders and STB exists among college students. In order to resolve the problem of high unmet need, a reallocation of resources may focus on innovative, low‐threshold, inexpensive, and scalable interventions.