bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological and Molecular Screening of Soybean Genotypes against Yellow Mosaic Virus Disease
Authors: Mishra Nishi , Tripathi M. K. , Tiwari Sushma , Tripathi Niraj , Trivedi H. K.
Published: November 2020

Background: The growth and productivity of soybean are adversely affected by an array of biotic factors. Viruses are one of them as they cause great loss to the yield of soybean in India. The present study was conducted with an objective to identify yellow mosaic virus (YMV) resistant genotypes among the selected set of 53 soybean genotypes.
Methods: The field screening was performed to identify YMV resistant genotypes. The field data was compared with molecular data recorded on the basis of gene specific SSR molecular markers.
Result: During field study, 11 genotypes were found to be highly resistant, 26 resistant, 6 moderately resistant, 4 moderately susceptible, 3 susceptible, while three genotypes namely: JS335, JS 97-52 and RVS 2001-4 were found to be highly susceptible. In molecular analysis three genotypes viz.,: JS 20-29, JS 20-69 and JS 20-98 were found to be resistant against YMV. Among the polymorphic SSR markers the highest genetic diversity (0.4785) was observed with Satt554 while lowest genetic diversity (0.037) was observed with Satt308. Similarly polymorphism information content (PIC) was highest (0.364) in Satt554 and lowest (0.0363) in Satt308 among all polymorphic markers used for screening against YMV. The resistant genotypes identified in this study may be used as donor of resistance gene against YMV to develop improved genotypes which would stand as barrier against spread of the disease to newer areas and thus it can boost production and productivity of soybean in the country.
Effect of Phosphorus on Yield, Nutrient Acquisition and Use Efficiency of Groundnut in West Bengal, India
Authors: Lepcha Everest , Kheroar Shyamal , Halder Debjani , Barman Swapan Kumar , Mandal Kausik , Panda Parimal
Published: November 2020

Background: Phosphorus is the crucial element to enhance yields as well bio-chemical properties namely protein and oil content in groundnut. Buildup of insoluble phosphates and chemical fixation in soil reduces phosphorus consumption ability in plants. Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) can be increased with higher levels of phosphorus rate. The study was framed to investigate the effect of phosphorus fertilization on yield, nutrient acquisition, use efficiency and bio-chemical compositions of groundnut.
Methods: The experiment was conducted in summer seasons of 2016 and 2017, using split plot design with three varieties (‘JL-24’, ‘Gangapuri’, ‘TAG-24’) in main plot and four fertilization levels (0, 40, 60, 80kg P2O5 ha-1) in sub plots.
Result: The study revealed that pod yield enhanced significantly by 15.4%, 27.3% and 39.9% with increase in fertilization rates from 40kg to 80kg ha-1 compare to unfertilized plots. Protein and oil content showed a positive response with phosphorus application. Agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency and utilization efficiency were also increased with phosphorus rates, whereas, partial factor productivity, agro-physiological efficiency and physiological efficiency had decreasing trends. ‘Gangapuri’ gave higher pod yield (1.80t ha-1), protein (24.27%) and oil (45.41%) content than other selected varieties. Enhanced phosphorus rate also increases nutrient uptake in groundnut.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilization on Growth and Yield of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Fiji
Authors: Sachan H. K. , Krishna Deeksha
Published: November 2020

Background: French bean is used both as dry seeds or as green pod vegetable and it is in increasing demand throughout Fiji. Limited agronomical information is available for its cultivation which is one of the barriers in increasing its production in country. This research aimed to study the influence of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Fiji.
Methods: This research was conducted during April to September 2018 in a Randomized Block Design with three replications and seven treatments of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Observations on growth parameters and yield attributes were recorded and analyzed using analysis of variance technique.
Result: Organic and inorganic fertilizers combinations significantly increase the growth and green pod yield of French bean. The applications of nutrient in combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers were found more effective than inorganic fertilizers or organic manure alone for growth and yield of French bean. The combination of 100% NPK (200 kg ha-1) along with Poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 was found most effective for enhancing growth and yield. It was recorded that on the basis of yield and growth performance treatment 100% NPK along with PM @ 5 t ha-1 was superior.
Understanding Millennial Moms' Choices: A Nursing Survey About Childbirth Education in Primigravid Women
Authors: Campbell Janice
Published: November 2020

Primigravid women, at some point, feel the need to gain education about childbirth. Our objective was to identify where primigravid millennial moms are seeking their childbirth education. This study, a quantitative nonexperimental survey research, was designed within the context of developmental transition theory. Childbearing women were recruited, considering the phenomenon to be studied. This purposive sample of 100 participants included primigravid millennial mothers (born between 1978 and 1994), status post vaginal birth, or emergent cesarean surgery, on a 455-bed, acute care facility. All participants were able to speak, understand, and read English or Spanish fluently. The author used a self-report survey to collect data from the participants. Primigravid women responded to a series of questions posed by the investigator. Considering the participants' variety of reading levels and their ability to communicate in writing, special attention was given to the simplicity and clarity of the questions on the survey. The responses provided by the participants suggested the need to enhance current childbirth education into culturally friendly and evidence-based technological information. Websites, apps, and social media are important information channels to reach and disseminate valuable childbirth education for millennial primigravid women. However, these channels are not currently being used to their full potential, considering the amount of information available and lack of guidance and clarity to disseminate trustworthy health-care information. By understanding millennial moms' choices, we gain the opportunity to deliver better education and support to Internet savvy women who are seeking online health-care information.
Role of Resilience Factors in Mitigating the Negative Effects of Conflict on Land Expansion
Authors: Adelaja Adesoji , George Justin , Jayne Thomas , Muyanga Milu , Awokuse Titus , Liverpool-Tasie Lenis Saweda O. , Aromolaran Adebayo B.
Published: November 2020

Shocks and stresses from natural disasters, climate change, economic volatility, armed conflicts and political instability could hinder expansion efforts by smallholder farms (SHFs). The application of the resilience concept as a mitigator of the impacts of such shocks on land expansion by farmers is an important developmental challenge. In this paper, we hypothesise that the resilience capacity of SHFs mitigate the adverse effects of conflict shocks and examine how assets, off-farm income, access to social safety nets, and education level of the household lead contribute to household-level resilience to armed conflicts.
Engaging Men and Boys in Sanitation and Hygiene Programmes
Authors: Cavill Sue , Mott Joanna , Tyndale-Biscoe Paul , Bond Matthew , Huggett Chelsea , Wamera Elizabeth
Published: November 2020

This issue of Frontiers of CLTS shares and builds on the learning from a desk study that explores examples of men’s and boys’ behaviours and gender roles in sanitation and hygiene (S&H). Of particular interest is the extent to which the engagement of men and boys in S&H processes is leading to sustainable and transformative change in households and communities and reducing gendered inequality. The review focuses on men and boys: how to engage them (or not), how to mobilise them as allies in the transformation of S&H outcomes and the problems they contribute to and experience.
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON FLOUR PROTEIN COMPOSITION AND DOUGH QUALITY IN WHEAT CULTIVATED IN LA PAMPA PROVINCE
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Agronomía. Santa Rosa, Argentina., Giménez Marilina
Published: November 2020

Breadmaking quality of wheat flour (Triticum aestivum L.) depends not only on the genotype but also on the availability of nitrogen, and wheat protein composition is important for understanding the biochemical basis of wheat quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen availability on flour protein fractions, to analyze their distribution and relationship with bakery quality. We worked with ACA 315 cultivar, where different application rates and timing of nitrogen nutrition were tested. Flour protein fraction composition was quantified following two protocols. Nitrogen application affected glutenin concentration and protein fraction composition favoring polymeric proteins and increasing polymeric/monomeric proteins ratio, however, increase of flour polymeric proteins did not resulted in improved rheological properties. The nitrogen added in this experiment in the differen experiments was not enough to obtain good quality bakery flours. Low protein values were obtained in grain, low gluten concentration and the dough had low W value and high P/L, being very tenacious and no very extensible. Due to low grain protein concentration farinograph parameters could not be interpreted since, under these conditions they are overestimated. These results show that not only genotypic genetic information, should be considered, also gene expression regulation in response to environmental factors, such as nitrogen availability. Therefore, genotype should continue to be studied, both at the level of variation allelic individual and in combination of different alleles of grain reserve proteins. It is also necessary to incorporate in future studies amount and timing of nitrogen application and other nutrients, such us S, in order to obtain better quality bakery flours in La Pampa province.
Attractive perception of profile class II patients treated with extractions versus dentoalveolar mandibular advancement devices
Authors: Capdeville-Cazenave Paul , Nieto Sánchez Iván , Diaz Renovales Inés , De la Cruz Pérez Javier
Published: November 2020

Aim: This study aimed to compare the esthetic perceptionof profile silhouette of pictures of class II patients before andafter treatment (extractions or mandibular advancement),according to a visual analog scale (VAS) among orthodontists,general dentists and lay people. Methods: A presentation of 18class II adult patients silhouette was shown to three groups ofparticipants (25 orthodontists, 25 general dentists, and 25 laypeople) in two phases in an cross-sectional survey study. An initialpresentation pre-treatment and a second one post-treatment,one month later. The presentation consisted of nine pictures offour extractions orthodontic cases (two maxillary premolars andtwo mandibular premolars): five males, four females, and othernine pictures with a dentoalveolar mandibular advance (Forsus®and/or class II elastics): four males, five females. To comparepre and post-treatment scores, an ANOVA test was performed.Independent variables studied were: sex, age, and previousor present orthodontic treatment of participants. Results:A total of 75 of evaluators scored 18 patient profiles beforeand after treatment. In the three groups, the post treatmentsilhouette scored significantly higher. Advancement treatmentscored significantly higher than extractions, especially amonglay people. Orthodontist gave the lowers score regardless oftreatment. No differences were found between male and femalescoring (p>0.05). The participants between 30-39 years old gavehigher scores than other age groups(p<0,05). Conclusion: In oursample, class II orthodontic treatments did always improveesthetic perception of patients profile. Advancement treatmentachieved a better esthetic perception than extractions, especiallyamong lay people.
Pandemi COVID-19 dan Tantangan Kebijakan Kesehatan Mental di Indonesia
Authors: Ridlo Ilham Akhsanu
Published: November 2020

Kesehatan mental merupakan aspek penting dalam mewujudkan kesehatan yang menyeluruh. Namun di sebagian besar negara berkembang, masalah kesehatan mental belum diprioritaskan. Pandemi Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) menjadikan kesehatan mental menjadi isu penting bagi dunia. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) mengidentifikasi kesehatan mental sebagai komponen integral dari penanggulangan COVID-19. Pandemi COVID-19 dengan transmisi penularan yang masif dan tingkat kematian yang tinggi menyebabkan masalah yang mengarah pada gangguan mental. Kebijakan kesehatan mental di Indonesia harus mengoptimalkan integrasi layanan kesehatan mental. Pendekatan berbasis masyarakat dapat memperluas cakupan pelayanan kesehatan mental pada masa Pandemi COVID-19. Pemerintah harus mengintegrasikan layanan kesehatan mental ke dalam layanan berbasis masyarakat sebagai cara untuk memastikan cakupan universal pelayanan kesehatan mental. Model pemberdayaan partisipatif dan bottom-up menjadi pilihan yang rasional, untuk mengatasi masalah sumber daya dan stigma sebagai penghalang keberhasilan program kesehatan mental di Indonesia.
Risk Factors for Depression Among Returnee Migrants and Non-migrants Working Adults in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Community Based Study
Authors: Adhikary Pratik , Devkota Hridaya Raj , Reingold Arthur L. , Ghimire Dirgha J.
Published: November 2020

Background: Mental health is a growing concern worldwide. It is not well understood whether Nepali workers, including international labour migrants from Nepal, are at higher risk of developing mental health problems. The purpose of our study is to determine the prevalence of and examine the risks factors for depression among returnee migrants and non-migrant working male adults in Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of a probability-based sample of 725 participants was conducted in February 2020. The sample was comprised of two groups based on migration status: returning migrants and non-migrants. Logistic regression was applied to investigate factors associated with symptoms depression.Results: The overall prevalence of depression was 10.1%. However, the prevalence of depression was lower (7%) among returnee migrants compared to non-migrants (13.7%). Participants in the lower income group were more at risk of depression (OR=5.38, 95% CI: 1.96-14.78) than those in the higher income group. Similarly, Buddhists and Christians were more likely to be depressed (OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.02-4.64) than Hindus. Interestingly, participants having more than two children had a higher prevalence of depression (OR=5.14, 95% CI: 1.22-21.63) compared with those having no children. Unmarried participants were more likely to be depressed (OR=4.05, 95%, CI:1.10-14.93) than those who were married. Conclusion: The working Nepali adult male population in Nepal, including returning migrants, is at risk of depression, but this risk is lower in those in the higher income group, returnee migrants, married, Hindus and those with no children. This study highlights the need to monitor and develop national policies to ensure the mental health of Nepali male adult population, including returnee migrants.
Phytochemical Constituents Propolis Flavonoid, Immunological Enhancement, Anti-porcine Parvovirus Activities of isolated from the Propolis
Authors: Ma Xia , guo zhenhuan , zhang zhiqiang , li xianghui , lv yizhou , shen zhiqiang , Zhao Li , Liu Yonglu
Published: November 2020

Propolis was widely used in health preservation and disease healing, it contains many ingredients. The previous study had been revealed that the propolis has a wide range of efficacy, such as antiviral, immune enhancement, anti-inflammatory and so on, but its antiviral components and underlying mechanism of action remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition, and anti-PPV and immunological enhancement of Propolis Flavonoid(PF). Chemical composition of PF was distinguished by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS analysis.The presence and characterized of 26 major components was distinguished in negative ionization modes.To evaluate the effects of PF used as adjuvant on the immune response porcine parvovirus (PPV). Thirty Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid sows were randomly assigned to 3 groups, and the sows in adjuvant groups were intramuscular injected PPV vaccine with 2.0 mL PF adjuvant (PA), oilemulsion adjuvant (OA), respectively. After that, serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers, IgM and IgG subclasses, eripheral lymphocyte proliferation activity, and concentrations of cytokines were measured. Results indicated an enhancing effect of PA on IgM, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and the IgG subclass responses. These findings suggested that PA could significantly enhance the immune responses. Furthermore, we screened the chemical components the effective of anti-PPV, Ferulic acid have an excellently anti-PPV effective.
Broadband Photonic RF Channelizer Based on a C-Band Kerr Soliton Crystal Micro-Comb
Authors: Tan Mengxi , Xu Xingyuan , Wu Jiayang , Boes Andreas , Corcoran Bill , Nguyen Thach , Chu Sai , Little Brent , Morandotti Roberto , Mitchell Arnan , Moss David
Published: November 2020

We report a 92 channel RF channelizer based on a 48.9 GHz integrated micro-comb that operates via soliton crystals, together with a passive high-Q ring resonator that acts as a periodic filter with an optical 3dB bandwidth of 121.4 MHz. We obtain an instant RF bandwidth of 8.08 GHz and 17.55 GHz achieved through temperature tuning. These results represent a major advance to achieving fully integrated photonic RF spectrum channelizers with reduced low complexity, size, and high performance for digital-compatible signal detection and broadband analog signal processing.
Copper/Silver Recovery from Photovoltaic Panel Sheet by Electrical Dismantling Method
Authors: Tokoro Chiharu , Lim Soowon , Sawamura Yukihiro , Kondo Masataka , Mochidzuki Kazuhiro , Koita Taketoshi , Namihira Takao , Kikuchi Yasunori ,   Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan,   Retoca Laboratory LLC, Funabashi, Japan,   Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan,   The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Published: November 2020

The volume of spent photovoltaic (PV) panels is expected to grow exponentially in future decades. Substantial material resources such as silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and glass can potentially be recovered from silicon-based PV panels. In this paper, we targeted the recovery of Cu and Ag from a cell sheet separated to a glass panel from a spent PV panel. The technical feasibility of a novel electrical dismantling method was experimentally studied. This method employed a pulsed power technology that releases high energy in a short time. It allowed a selective separation of the Cu/Ag wires from the sheet once per discharge in water. The experimental results indicated that 95.6% of the total Cu and 17.2% of the total Ag in the sample were successfully separated from the cell sheet using a 3.5-kJ capacitor bank circuit. Moreover, 3.66% of the total Si in the sample was contaminated by the separated Cu/Ag particles from the cell sheet, mainly by shockwaves generated by plasma expansion, and some of them formed a compound with Cu and Ag by eutectic melting, resulting in low liberation. At the lower energy of 3.5 kJ, eutectic melting of Cu and Ag with Si was more suppressed than 4.6 kJ, and 94.3% of Cu and 77.5% of Ag in the separated particles were liberated, which would be acceptable for further wet gravity and/or shape separation of Cu and Ag.
Environmentally Sound Recovery of Gold from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Using Organic Aqua Regia
Authors: Yoshimura Akihiro ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan, Takatori Kota , Matsuno Yasunari
Published: November 2020

We conducted experiments using unit processes to prove the feasibility of the concept of an environmentally sound Au recovery process from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) using organic aqua regia, i.e., a propylene carbonate (PC) solution containing CuBr2 and KBr. First, the WEEE samples (memory card and mobile phone board) were finely ground. The samples were then carbonized and oxidized to decompose the polymers and oxidize the base metals. The leaching of Au from the oxidized samples was then carried out in a PC solution with 0.2 M of CuBr2 and 0.2 M of KBr over 353–373 K, followed by biphasic separation with sulfuric acid. The dissolved Au in the PC phase was recovered via ascorbic acid reduction. The mass balance of Au in the leaching was investigated. The maximum recovery ratios of Au from the memory card and mobile phone board were 79% and 83%, respectively. The cost of leaching was preliminarily estimated.
MATHEMATIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL BASED ON GENDER DIFFERENCES
Authors: Lanya Harfin , Zayyadi Moh. , Aini Septi Dariyatul , Haris
Published: November 2020

This study aims to describe and analyze the written mathematical communication of high school students on linear program questions based on gender. This research was conducted at SMAN 3 Pamekasan class XI MIPA I. The subjects in this study were 2 students out of 32 students of class XI MIPA I who were the superior class of mathematics selected by purposive sampling. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The instruments used were Mathematics Ability Test, written Mathematical Communication Test and Interview Guidelines. Data were analyzed descriptively in the form of qualitative data obtained from the results of the Written Test to describe students' written mathematical communication. The results showed that female students were more dominant than male students in the cognitive domain and completed written math problems in full.
Minority stress, depression, and cigarette smoking among Chinese gay versus bisexual men: A two-group structural equation model analyses
Authors: Li Jingjing , Huang Danqin , Windle Michael , Escoffery Cam , Wang Wei , Li Xiaoyan , Tao Kevin , Haardörfer Regine , Li Shiyue , Berg Carla J , Yan Hong
Published: November 2020

Background: Literature in the West suggested that bisexual men have a higher smoking rate compared to gay men. Data on patterns of smoking among gay and bisexual men are limited in Eastern Asian countries like China. This study examined the cigarette smoking prevalence for gay versus bisexual men in China and their unique minority stress - smoking pathways. Methods: Between September 2017 and November 2018, we surveyed a convenience sample of 538 gay men and 138 bisexual men recruited from local sexual minority organizations in four metropolitan cities in China (i.e., Beijing, Wuhan, Nanchang, and Changsha). Measures included sexual orientation, sociodemographics, theory-based minority stressors, depressive symptoms, and past 30-day cigarette smoking. Two-group (gay men vs. bisexual men) structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test possible distinct mechanisms between theory-based stressors, depressive symptoms, and cigarette smoking among gay men and bisexual men, respectively. Results: The mean age of participants was 26.51 (SD = 8.41) years old and 76.3% of them had at least a college degree. Bisexual men reported a higher rate of cigarette smoking compared to gay men (39.9% vs. 27.3%). Two-group SEM indicated that the pathways for cigarette smoking were not different between gay and bisexual men. Higher rejection anticipation was associated with greater depressive symptoms (standardized β = 0.32, p < .001), and depressive symptoms were not associated with cigarette smoking. Conclusions: Minority stress, specifically rejection anticipation, may be critical considerations in addressing depressive symptoms, but not smoking, among both gay and bisexual men in China.
The genetic control of leaf and petal allometric variations in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Yaohua , Yang Suxin , Wu Chunxia , Shao Qun , Feng Xianzhong
Published: November 2020

Background Organ shape and size covariation (allometry) are essential concepts for the study of evolution and development. Although ample research has been conducted on organ shape and size, little research has considered the correlated variation of these two traits and quantitatively measured the variation in a common framework. The genetic basis of allometry variation in a single organ or among different organs is also relatively unknown.Results A principal component analysis (PCA) of organ landmarks and outlines was conducted and used to quantitatively capture shape and size variation in leaves and petals of multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. The PCA indicated that size variation was a major component of allometry variation and revealed negatively correlated changes in leaf and petal size. After quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, five QTLs for the fourth leaf, 11 QTLs for the seventh leaf, and 12 QTLs for petal size and shape were identified. These QTLs were not identical to those previously identified, with the exception of the ER locus. The allometry model was also used to measure the leaf and petal allometry covariation to investigate the evolution and genetic coordination between homologous organs. In total, 12 QTLs were identified in association with the fourth leaf and petal allometry covariation, and eight QTLs were identified to be associated with the seventh leaf and petal allometry covariation. In these QTL confidence regions, there were important genes associated with cell proliferation and expansion with alleles unique to the maximal effects accession. In addition, the QTLs associated with life-history traits, such as days to bolting, stem length, and rosette leaf number, which were highly coordinated with climate change and local adaption, were QTL mapped and showed an overlap with leaf and petal allometry, which explained the genetic basis for their correlation.Conclusions This study explored the genetic basis for leaf and petal allometry and their interaction, which may provide important information for investigating the correlated variation and evolution of organ shape and size in Arabidopsis.
Quantitative proteomics analysis of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation in IgA nephropathy 
Authors: Huang Shaoying , Zheng Fengping , Lin Hua , Zhou Xianqing , Xu Huixuan , Zhang Cantong , Dai Weier , Zhang Xinzhou , Sui Weiguo , Tang Donge , Dai Yong
Published: November 2020

Background: Protein posttranslational modification is an indispensable regulatory element that can fine-tune protein functions and regulate diverse cellular processes. Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a protein posttranslational modification that was recently identified and is thought to play a role in a wide variety of active cellular functions. Methods: In this report, for the first time, we comparatively studied the 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation proteome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a biopsy-proven immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) group and a normal control group based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Altogether, 7405 proteins were identified and added to a Khib library. Of these proteins, we identified 111 with upregulated expression and 83 with downregulated expression. Furthermore, we identified 428 Khib modification sites on 290 Khib-modified proteins, including 171 sites with increased modification on 122 Khib-modified proteins and 257 specific sites with reduced modification on 168 Khib-modified proteins. Conclusions: Importantly, the abundance of lipocalin 2 was increased in the differentially expressed proteins, and a KEGG-based functional enrichment analysis showed that Khib proteins clustered in the IL-17 signaling pathway and phagosome category, which may have important associations with IgAN. Our data enlighten our understanding of Khib in IgAN and indicate that Khib may have important regulatory roles in IgAN.
Do Age and Symptoms of Anxiety, Stress and Depression Predict Risk Behaviors for Eating Disorders in Brazilian Men and Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Junior José Roberto Andrade do Nascimento , Freire Gabriel Lucas Morais , Gonçalves Mariana Pereira , Oliveira Daniel Vicentini de , Moraes José Fernando Vila Nova de , Fidelix Yara Lucy
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study investigated the predicting role of age and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress on risk behavior for eating disorders in Brazilian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA web‐based cross‐sectional survey was administered during the COVID‐19 in Brazil. A total of 715 participants were recruited (237 men and 478 women) with a mean age of 29.20 (10.73) years from all regions of Brazil. The instruments used were the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) and eating attitudes test-26 (EAT-26). Data analysis was conducted through the independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression Analysis (p<.05). ResultsThe data showed significant differences between men and women for anxiety (p<.001), stress (p<.001), depression (p<.001), total DASS score (p<.001) and eating disorders (p<.001), indicating that women presented more symptoms in all variables. Depression, stress and DASS total score were significantly and positively associated with eating disorders (EDs) (r range= .16 to .21) for men and EDs was significantly and negatively associated with all dimensions of DASS and DASS total score (r range -.19 to -.22) for women. Multiple regression showed that DASS total score made the largest positive contribution to eating disorders for men (β= .17, p <.01) and women (β= .22, p <.001). Conclusion﻿Our findings show that symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress predict risk behavior for eating disorders in Brazilian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Oligomerisation of THAP9 Transposase: Role of DNA and Amino-Terminal Domains
Authors: Sanghavi Hiral M. , MAJUMDAR Sharmistha
Published: November 2020

BackgroundActive DNA transposases like the Drosophila P element transposase (DmTNP) undergo oligomerisation as a prerequisite for transposition. Human THAP9 (hTHAP9) is a catalytically active but functionally uncharacterised homologue of DmTNP. ResultsHere we report (using co-IP, pull down, co-localization, PLA) that both the full length as well as truncated hTHAP9 and DmTNP (corresponding to amino-terminal DNA binding and Leucine-rich coiled coil domains) undergo homo-oligomerisation, predominantly in the nuclei of HEK293T cells. Interestingly, the oligomerisation is shown to be partially mediated by DNA. However, mutating the leucines (either individually or together) or deleting the predicted coiled coil region did not significantly affect oligomerisation. We also report that Hcf-1, THAP1, THAP10 and THAP11 are possible protein interaction partners of hTHAP9. ConclusionsThus, we highlight the importance of DNA as well as the amino-terminal regions of both hTHAP9 and DmTNP, for their ability to form higher order oligomeric states. Elucidating the functional relevance of the different putative oligomeric state/s of hTHAP9 would help answer questions about its interaction partners as well as its unknown physiological roles.
16s rRNA Lung Microbiota Study in Mechanically Ventilated Patient: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fromentin Mélanie , Bridier-Nahmias Antoine , Legoff Jérôme , Mercier-Delarue Severine , Ranger Noémie , Vuillard Constance , Dovale Julien , Zucman Noémie , Alberdi Antonio , Ricard Jean-Damien , Roux Damien
Published: November 2020

BackgroundCharacterization of the respiratory tract bacterial microbiota is in its infancy when compared to the gut microbiota knowledge. As key methodological steps can directly affect the accuracy of the results, it is crucial to determine a robust methodology in order to limit bias.Two different pairs of primers 515F-806R targeting the V4 hypervariable region of the 16SrRNA gene, “S-V4” for “Stringent V4” primer pair and “R-V4” for “Relaxed V4” primer pair, are respectively used in two ongoing international projects “the Human microbiome project” and “the Earth microbiome project”. We compared two methods of sample processing using these two different primer pairs for bacterial microbiota analyses of respiratory samples from critically-ill ventilated patients. For the later, Illumina 250 paired-end sequencing was done on a MiSeq platform after DNA extraction using mechanical lysis (bead-beating) and NucliSENS easyMAG. The concordance with conventional microbiology is the criterion of choice to determine the optimal method.ResultsTwenty samples from seven patients and four controls were sequenced. The two primer pair provided highly different results. Only 54% of the samples had a similar microbial composition with both pairs of primers. “S-V4” gave the best agreement with the conventional microbiology for ETA: 89% as compared to 44% for the “R-V4” primer pair. The main difference related to Enterobacteriaceae, which were concordant between conventional cultures and microbiota analyses using “S-V4”. Enterobacteriaceae detection was poor for “R-V4”. Among patients with VAP, a decrease in alpha diversity in ETA was observed. The mean of pairwise Unifrac distance was higher inside this group of patients at the time of VAP diagnosis as compared to control patients.ConclusionAccuracy of the bacterial lung microbiota composition was highly correlated to the pair of primers used for amplification of the 16s rRNA hypervariable sequence. Comparison of microbiota results obtained by sequencing and conventional microbiology allowed us to select the best option for further studies. This work validates our methodology based on 16SrRNA gene amplification with 515F-806R “S-V4” primer pair associated to Illumina® MiSeq 250 paired-end sequencing.
Evolution, Expression and Functional Analysis of Cultivated Allotetraploid Cotton DIR Genes
Authors: Liu Zhengwen , Wang Xingfen , Sun Zhengwen , Zhang Yan , Meng Chengsheng , Chen Bin , Wang Guoning , Ke Huifeng , Wu Jinhua , Yan Yuanyuan , Wu Liqiang , Li Zhikun , Yang Jun , Zhang Guiyin , Ma Zhiying
Published: November 2020

Background: Dirigent (DIR) proteins mediate regioselectivity and stereoselectivity during lignan biosynthesis and are also involved in lignin, gossypol and pterocarpan biosynthesis. This gene family plays a vital role in enhancing stress resistance and in secondary cell-wall development, but systematical understanding is lacking in cotton.Results: In this study, 107 GbDIRs and 107 GhDIRs were identified in Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum, respectively. Most of these genes have a classical gene structure without intron and encode proteins containing a signal peptide. Phylogenetic analysis showed that cotton DIR genes were classified into four distinct subfamilies (a, b/d, e, and f). Of these groups, DIR-a and DIR-e were evolutionarily conserved, and segmental and tandem duplications contributed equally to their formation. In contrast, DIR-b/d mainly expanded by recent tandem duplications, accompanying with a number of gene clusters. With the rapid evolution, DIR-b/d-III was a Gossypium-specific clade involved in atropselective synthesis of gossypol. RNA-seq data highlighted GhDIRs in response to Verticillium dahliae infection and suggested that DIR gene family could confer Verticillium wilt resistance. We also identified candidate DIR genes related to fiber development in G. barbadense and G. hirsutum and revealed their differential expression. To further determine the involvement of DIR genes in fiber development, we overexpressed a fiber length-related gene GbDIR78 in Arabidopsis and validated its function in trichomes and hypocotyls.Conclusions: These findings contribute novel insights towards the evolution of DIR gene family and provide valuable information for further understanding the roles of DIR genes in cotton fiber development as well as in stress responses.
The Quality of Life of Tuberculosis Patients at Witbank TB Hospital, South Africa: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mashaba Rejoice Tlangelani , Khumalo Fezile , Beke Andy
Published: November 2020

Background: The quality of life (QoL) of tuberculosis (TB) patients may predict treatment outcomes. Little is known about the QoL of patients with TB and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-morbidity, especially in South African settings. We investigate the QoL of TB patients with and without HIV at the Witbank TB Hospital in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Methods: In a cross-sectional analytical study, 124 patients with confirmed TB, with or without HIV co-infection, were recruited from September 2018 to October 2018. Trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews with participants, helping them to complete a standardized short form-12 (SF-12) QoL questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS and SAS software. Differences between groups were quantified using t-test. Logistic regression analysis identified explanatory variables predicting mental (MCS) health and physical (PCS) health. Results: For all sub-scales of the SF-12 instrument, Cronbach’s alpha > 0.8 demonstrating high internal consistency. Patients with TB/HIV co-morbidity had lower scores in all dimensions (p<0.05), indicating poor QoL compared to TB patients without HIV. In multivariate analysis, the family size was predictive of physical health QoL. TB patients who were staying in a household with more than four family members were 2.12 times more likely to have better QoL compared to TB patients living in households with fewer than four family members, OR= 2.33 (95% CI: 1.12 to 4.98); p<0.05). Conclusions: Patients who are co-infected with TB and HIV, in this setting, have poorer QoL than patients who are only infected with TB. Our results support the development of strategies to improve QoL that consider the physical and mental wellbeing of TB/HIV co-infected patients.
Records of Three Mammal Tick Species Parasitizing an a typical Host, the Multi-ocellated Racerunner, in Arid Regions of Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhou Qi , Li Jiao , Guo Xianguang , Liu Jinlong , Song Qi , Gong Xiong , Chen Han , Zhang Jianhui , He Jinlei , Zheng Zhiwan , Chen Dali , Chen Jian-Ping
Published: November 2020

Background: To better simulate and predict zoonotic disease outbreaks, data on arthropods acting as pathogen carriers and information on host-arthropod associations should be collected. Ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites of vertebrate animals, including humans, with a wide global distribution. To date, the species discrimination and phylogenetic relationships among the ticks on lizards in China remain unclear. Methods: In this study, 31 ticks, collected from Eremias multiocellata lizards in four arid desert regions of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, were identified by morphological observation and molecular techniques. The 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, and COI fragments of ticks were sequenced. As reference samples, 47 Chinese ticks from hedgehogs and one tick from brushwood were also included in this study. To infer the phylogenetic relationships among them, 32 12S rDNA, 77 16S rDNA, and 66 COI sequences of ticks retrieved from GenBank were also included. All samples were identified by phylogenetic analyses. Results: The Bayesian and network analysis results revealed that the 31 ticks from the lizards belong to three genera and three species: 11 were identified as Hyalomma asiaticum, three as Rhipicephalus turanicus, and 17 as Haemaphysalis sulcata. Conclusions: Our study is the first attempt to investigate ticks on lizards in the arid desert regions of Xinjiang, China. Notably, two species of ticks have been identified on lizards in China for the first time. The discoveries in this study are closely related to the geographical environment in Xinjiang, and should provide important information for the control of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in northern China.
The Double Rhythm Development and Characteristics of the Gasterophilus Pecorum (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) Population in Desert Steppe
Authors: Zhang Ke , Huang Heqing , Zhou Ran , Zhang Boru , Wang Chen , Ente Make , Li Boling , Zhang Dong , Kai Li
Published: November 2020

Background: The departure of the mature larvae of the horse stomach bot fly from the host indicates the beginning of a new infection period, and the Gasterophilus pecorum becomes the dominant species in the desert steppe, showing its special biological characteristics. The population dynamics of G. pecorum were studied to reveal the population development rule of G. pecorum in the arid desert steppe. Method: The larvae were collected and recorded in the newly excreted feces by tracking the Przewalski’s horses (Equus przewalskii), meanwhile, the larval pupation experiments were carried out under natural conditions. Results: (a) There was a positive correlation between the survival rate and the number of larvae (r = 0.630, p < 0.01), indicating that the species development had the characteristics of centralized occurrence; (b) The main periods of mature larvae discharge were from early April to early May (peak Ⅰ) and from mid-August to early September (peak II), and the larval population curve showed a sudden spike in increase and gradual decrease at both peaks; under higher temperature, the number of adults from peak II had higher survival rate, higher pupation rate, higher emergence rate and less eclosion time than that of peak I; (c) Although it has one generation a year, the occurrence peak twice annually displaying a unique “ double rhythm development ” phenomenon, which forms a “ dual rhythm parasitism ” pressure on the local host. This phenomenon is very rare in the study of insect life history, especially in the parasite epidemiology. Conclusion: The natural discharge period of the G. pecorum larvae in Kalamaili Nature Reserve (KNR) is longer than 7 months and have the potentially long term infection effect on the host. The above phenomenon is one important reason for the local equine animals to be severely infected with equine myiasis.
Comparison and Optimization of Energy Efficiency Between Hydropower and Thermal Power in China
Authors: Tian Ze , Wang Ruomei , Ren Fang-rong
Published: November 2020

Background: As the two main forces of China’s power electricity, the energy generation efficiencies of thermal power and hydropower are important factors affecting energy conservation and emissions reduction.Methods: Considering regional differences and multiple effective decision-making units, this research uses the meta-frontier super-efficiency slack based measure model to comprehensively evaluate the efficiencies of hydropower and thermal power generation in China, with CO2 emissions of thermal power generation as its undesirable output.Results: The average group efficiency of thermal power generation in the central region have greatly improved, and the eastern and western regions also show an upward trend, whereas there is a slight downward trend for hydropower in the three regions. The hydropower technological gaps in the three regions have slightly expanded, but the thermal power technology gaps in the east, the central, and the west have gradually narrowed, indicating that the thermal power industry is generally mature, and CO2 emission control and treatment have made some progress. From the perspective of input-output non-efficiency level, the undesirable output CO2 of thermal power energy efficiency in the eastern, central, and western regions is surplus, and the redundancy of equipment utilization hours, energy input, and installed capacity in the western region are all high, but generation in the western region is insufficient, leading to relatively low efficiency of thermal power generation there. In the east, the redundancy of equipment utilization hours, number of employees, and installed capacity are all high, and the generation of hydropower in the east and the central is insufficient, leading to relatively low efficiency of hydropower in these two regions.Conclusions: There are regional differences in the efficiencies of hydropower and thermal power generation in China. The thermal power industry is becoming mature, but its CO2 emissions should be reduced, and the hydropower industry needs further policies support according to local conditions to improve energy efficiency and achieve green development.
WITHDRAWN: Identification of Non-coding RNA Biomarkers in Stress-induced Depression via Comprehensive Analysis of Competing Endogenous RNA Network
Authors: liu xuanjun , Yan Lan , Lin Chun , Zhang Yiliang , Miao Haofei , Shen Shiyi , Zhao Hui , Zhong Shuming , Zhang Li , Jia Yanbin
Published: November 2020

BackgroundDepression is one of the most common psychiatric disease worldwide. Although the research about the pathogenesis of depression have achieved progress, the detailed effect of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in depression are still not clearly elucidated. This study was aimed to identify non-coding RNA biomarkers in stress-induced depression via comprehensive analysis of competing endogenous RNA networkMethodsIn this present study, we acquired RNA expression from RNA seq expression profile in three mice with depressive-like behaviors using chronic restraint stress paradigm and three C57BL/6J wild-type mice as control mice. ResultsA total of 41 differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) and 181 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were up-regulated, and 65 differentially expressed circRNAs and 289 differentially expressed mRNAs were down-regulated, which were selected by a threshold of fold change ≥2 and a p-value < 0.05. Gene Ontology was performed to analyze the biological functions, and we predicted potential signaling pathways based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database. In addition, we constructed a circRNA-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA regulatory network to further identify non-coding RNAs biomarkers. ConclusionsOur findings provide a promising perspective for further research into molecular mechanisms of depression, and targeting circRNA -mediated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network is a useful strategy to early recognize the depression.
M2 macrophage-derived exosomal microRNAs inhibit cell migration and invasion in gliomas through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Yao Jie , Wang Ze-Fen , Cheng Yong , Lan Tian , Ma Chao , Zhong Ya-Hua , Xiao Yi-Lei , Gao Xu , Li Zhi-Qiang
Published: November 2020

Background: Glioma, the most common primary brain tumor, account Preparing figures s for 30% to 40% of all intracranial tumors. Herein, we aimed to study the effects of M2 macrophage-derived exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) on glioma cells. Methods: First, we identified seven differentially expressed miRNAs in infiltrating macrophages and detected the expression of these seven miRNAs in M2 macrophages. We then selected hsa-miR-15a-5p (miR-15a) and hsa-miR-92a-3p (miR-92a) for follow-up studies, and confirmed that miR-15a and miR-92a were under-expressed in M2 macrophage exosomes. Subsequently, we demonstrated that M2 macrophage-derived exosomes promoted migration and invasion of glioma cells, while exosomal miR-15a and miR-92a had the opposite effects on glioma cells. Next, we performed the target gene prediction in four databases and conducted target gene validation by qRT-PCR, western blot and dual luciferase reporter gene assays. Results: The results revealed that miR-15a and miR-92a were bound to CCND1 and RAP1B, respectively. Western blot assays demonstrated that interference with the expression of CCND1 or RAP1B reduced the phosphorylation level of AKT and mTOR, indicating that both CCND1 and RAP1B can activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings indicate that M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-15a and miR-92a inhibit cell migration and invasion of glioma cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.