bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Abiotic Stresses on Seed Production and Quality
Authors: Das Rupa , Biswas Saikat
Published: August 2022

Climate change is exerting detrimental impacts on agriculture through various biotic and abiotic stresses. Abiotic stresses such as drought, flood, temperature extremes, salinity, chemicals, heavy metals, nutrient scarcity/toxicity, wind and light in combination more adversely affect the seed production and quality by hampering plant’s morphological, physiological, cellular, biochemical and molecular activities than alone, resulting in poor production of high-quality seeds. Deterioration of yield and quality arises also under abiotic stresses. Under abiotic stresses, plant activates its own defensive mechanisms by escaping, avoiding and tolerating stresses. Some of the plant’s defensive mechanisms include plant’s morphological, cellular, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes to adapt the stresses, synthesis of compounds such as ABA, proline, polyamines increasing the activities of ROS quenchers, expression of stress-resisting genes and activation of enzymes. Further, exogenous application of phytohormones, stress-alleviating compounds, modification of agronomic management, modern breeding strategies such as development of resistant varieties can also help to cope up with stresses and produce quality seeds. Financial and policy support of government or NGOs regarding development of infrastructure, research technologies and thereby, multi-locational trials as well as technology transfusion through extension activities are needed to curtail down the devastating impact of abiotic stresses on quality seed production.
Psychiatric Problems in HIV Care
Authors: Musisi Seggane , Nakasujja Noeline
Published: August 2022

Psychiatric problems associated with HIV/AIDS are many, varied and often bidirectional and they are often neglected. Their presence compromises HIV care and prevention efforts. Unaddressed, they compromise treatment outcomes, increase HIV virus–resistant strains, leave pockets of potential HIV spread in the community and lead to poor quality of life and early death of Persons Living With HIV/AIDS. This chapter focuses on specific HIV-associated mental disorders and their management. However, the mental health problems of HIV/AIDS go beyond disorders to include social, family and community problems such as the problems faced by AIDS orphans, widowhood, family disruptions, multiple deaths, bereavements, poverty, stigma, caregiver burden, education and occupational difficulties etc. All these need to be addressed in holistic HIV care. This calls for more research and integration of mental healthcare in all HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention programs.
Potential Substitutes of Antibiotics for Swine and Poultry Production
Authors: Trung Thong Ho , Nu Anh Thu Le , Viet Duc Ho
Published: August 2022

Early of the last century, it was detected that antibiotics added to the animal feeds at low doses and for a long time can improve technical performances such as average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio. Since then, the antibiotics have been used worldwide as feed additives for many decades. At the end of the twentieth century, the consequences of the uses of antibiotics in animal feeds as growth promoters were informed. Since then, many research studies have been done to find other solutions to replace partly or fully to antibiotic as growth promoters (AGPs). Many achievements in finding alternatives to AGPs in which probiotics and direct-fed microorganism, prebiotics, organic acids and their salts, feed enzymes, bacteriophages, herbs, spices, and other plant extractives (phytogenics), mineral and essential oils are included.
Revisiting Crisis Governance: Toward Collaborative Crisis Management
Authors: Lele Gabriel
Published: August 2022

This chapter attends to three main modes of crisis governance: centralization, decentralization, and collaborative crisis management (CCM). While the first two modes focus almost exclusively on government actors, CCM goes beyond them by involving private sectors and civil society. CCM is a more robust form of crisis governance since it combines knowledge and resources from multiple actors, which is a key to managing the more complex nature of modern crises. This chapter uses the case of Indonesia in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic to show the dynamics of crisis governance. Indonesia moved from a centralized mode of crisis governance toward a more decentralized one. Simultaneously, there were several collaborative initiatives involving multiple stakeholders to deal with the crisis, such as in the case of SONJO. The case illustrates that while CCM provides a more effective response, it has some limitations as it has a smaller scale, may create internal conflict, lacks sustainability, and has a nonbinding character. The experience of Indonesia lends the lesson that for CCM to be robust crisis governance, and there needs to be a clear arrangement to boost its scale, manage internal conflict, improve sustainability, and induce a more permanent and binding framework.
miRNAs in Liver Cancer
Authors: Petkevich Alisa , Abramov Aleksandr , Pospelov Vadim
Published: August 2022

miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs, which are involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although not being at the top of most widespread cancers, nevertheless, remains among cancers with the most lethal cases. The chapter is dedicated to the epigenetic aspect of HCC development, namely the role of miRNA in this process. Being small and noncoding RNAs, they have a huge and significant function in gene regulation. This chapter will briefly cover following questions: miRNA biogenesis and function, metabolic and signaling pathways disrupted in HCC with a significant miRNA involvement, and main miRNAs contributing to HCC development and their targets.
QSRR Approach: Application to Retention Mechanism in Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Krmar Jovana , Svrkota Bojana , Đajić Nevena , Stojanović Jevrem , Protić Ana , Otašević Biljana
Published: August 2022

One-factor-at-a-time experimentation was used for a long time as gold-standard optimization for liquid chromatographic (LC) method development. This approach has two downsides as it requires a needlessly great number of experimental runs and it is unable to identify possible factor interactions. At the end of the last century, however, this problem could be solved with the introduction of new chemometric strategies. This chapter aims at presenting quantitative structure–retention relationship (QSRR) models with structuring possibilities, from the point of feature selection through various machine learning algorithms that can be used in model building, for internal and external validation of the proposed models. The presented strategies of QSRR model can be a good starting point for analysts to use and adopt them as a good practice for their applications. QSRR models can be used in predicting the retention behavior of compounds, to point out the molecular features governing the retention, and consequently to gain insight into the retention mechanisms. In terms of these applications, special attention was drawn to modified chromatographic systems, characterized by mobile or stationary phase modifications. Although chromatographic methods are applied in a wide variety of fields, the greatest attention has been devoted to the analysis of pharmaceuticals.
Evidence of Health Effects Associated with Marijuana Use: A Comprehensive Public Health Review
Authors: Holdman Richard
Published: August 2022

Starting in 2014, Colorado Department of Public Health was designated to monitor the emerging science and medical information relevant to the health effects associated with marijuana use. After years of conducting an ongoing systematic review of scientific literature, we have established 139 evidence statements within 11 health topics. Our mission is to translate the science into meaningful public health statements and recommendations to inform and educate the general public, healthcare providers, and everyone in-between on the health effects associated with marijuana use. This chapter summarizes evidence from all of our health topics; ranging from respiratory effects of marijuana to cognitive and academic effects of marijuana use on adolescents and young adults.
Agency and Intelligibility in The Merchant of Venice
Authors: Avery Joshua ,   Marquette University Press
Published: August 2022

This article argues that The Merchant of Venice’s dramatic action invites consideration of the philosophical questions of human agency and intelligibility. The play’s dialogue provokes the reader or auditor to consider what may obstruct or allow for both meaningful action in the world and a genuine understanding of that world. Since these issues were also a major sticking point in Catholic/Protestant controversies, the piece also argues that these issues can be analyzed in light of such theological tensions. One of the article’s main conclusions is that Shylock’s radically individualistic view of law and obligation explodes intelligibility, and by extension meaningful action as well. This destruction lays the groundwork for a world in which conflict can only be resolved via violence. In this sense, the play reveals what is at stake in the questions.
Reconciliation or Anticipation?
Authors: Huber Jakob ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: August 2022

What may democratic citizens hope for? In order to answer this question, this article takes its cue from John Rawls’s notion of reasonable hope. Rawls is acutely aware of a tension we face in demarcating the limits of hope in democratic politics, yet fails to resolve it: hope should allow us to critically distance ourselves from the existing social world, yet not be entirely disconnected from it. In order to do justice to both desiderata, I propose to distinguish between individual and collective levels of reasonable hope, with democratic institutions and practices mediating between the two.
On tackling infrastructure: the need to learn from marginal cities and populations in the Global South
Authors: Guma Prince K.
Published: August 2022

Due to complex and adverse effects of rapid urbanisation, conventional infrastructure networks in the Global South tend to be stretched in their capacity to deliver. Over the years, different studies have examined how diverse populations manage to operate successfully (albeit with constraints and limitations) despite limits on formal networks. However, most attempts have studied large and central cities at the expense of small and marginal cities. In this article, I make a case for learning from marginal cities and populations in the Global South. I highlight the need to understand better how the urban poor in smaller and marginal cities not only navigate and negotiate the absence and inadequacy of formal infrastructure, but also put together a semblance of viable life through modest, creative and sometimes improvised infrastructural and technological interventions. This, I argue is important for drawing appropriate lessons for tackling infrastructure, particularly in an age where sustainable solutions to urban and infrastructural challenges are bound to emanate not just from technical experts, but also from directly affected populations themselves.
Food self-sufficiency in five Nordic island societies
Authors:   Nordregio, Ormstrup Vestergård Louise , Rustad Lars Johan ,   NIBIO
Published: August 2022

Increasing food self-sufficiency means rethinking global supply chains, (re-)adapting to local contexts, and ensuring optimal conditions for selling and buying locally produced food. Increased self-sufficiency and improved local food systems can have positive environmental, social, and economic consequences. However, whether increased self-sufficiency adds to more sustainable food systems depends on myriad factors, including production methods, the type of food in question, and the availability of local food on the local market. Previous research shows that local food production does not automatically equate to sustainable food production. This project sought to increase knowledge of how greater food self-sufficiency can contribute to increased sustainability and resilience in the food systems of five Nordic island societies: Bornholm, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, and Åland.
Militância de Florestan Fernandes em defesa da escola pública brasileira (1954 – 1964)
Authors: Netto Mário Borges
Published: August 2022

Esta obra trata da ação intelectual de Florestan Fernandes no campo educacional, no período de 1954 a 1964, quando da sua militância como intelectual em defesa da educação pública no contexto da elaboração e tramitação da LDB nº 4.024, de 1961. Sociólogo de formação, um dos principais estudiosos da constituição da sociedade e do capitalismo brasileiro, legítimo intelectual orgânico dos grupos subalternos, Florestan Fernandes ficou marcado na historiografia da educação brasileira por seu envolvimento ativo e persistente na luta pela escolarização dos filhos da classe trabalhadora.
A retrospective study of risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis with intrapartum maternal fever
Authors: An Hongmin , Zheng Wei , Zhu Qinghua , Chai Yun
Published: August 2022

Background

Intrapartum fever is a well-known risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the clinical features for intrapartum maternal fever and investigated the risk factors for neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) with intrapartum maternal fever.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study involved a total of 568 neonates born to mothers with intrapartum maternal fever (temperature peak ≥38 degree Celsius) in Hangzhou Women’s Hospital from January 1st to December 31st, 2019. Neonates were assigned to the EOS and non-sepsis groups based on the diagnostic criteria for early-onset neonatal sepsis,. Demographic data, clinical information and laboratory test results were evaluated to assess the risk factors for EOS.

Results

A total of 568 neonates were included in this study, 84 of whom were diagnosed with EOS. The EOS group was significantly different from the non-sepsis group in 11 items including the both white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) level of the mother before delivery (p < 0.05). A logistic regression analysis revealed that a high maternal WBC count before delivery (OR = 3.261, p = 0.019) and a maternal histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) diagnosis (OR = 5.608, p = 0.002) were independent risk factors for EOS. The optimal cut-off value for WBC (before delivery) was 16.75 × 10*9/L for EOS, according to receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under curve was 0.821).

Conclusions

Elevated prenatal maternal WBC counts and maternal HCA diagnosis are both independently associated with EOS. Prenatal maternal WBC counts can be used as a sensitive indicator to predict EOS early.
An Evaluation of Built Environment Students’ Training in Building Maintenance (A Case Study of Federal Polytechnics in Osun State, Nigeria)
Authors: Obaju B. N. , Musa Shamsudeen , Abass J. O. , Babalola A. A.
Published: August 2022

Aims: This study is aimed at evaluating the training acquired by built environment students in maintenance courses to determine areas of training inadequacy and improvements. This is achieved by identifying of learning outcomes in maintenance courses acquired by built environment students, accessing the level of competence in training maintenance courses, and the barriers to the competence in the training maintenance courses.

Study Design: The study adopted a quantitative analysis technique, relative important index (RII) was used to analyze the data collected. In other to determine the reliability of the data collected, the study sought information on the learning outcome of students in maintenance specifically, student competence area in the training of maintenance, and the barrier to student competence in the maintenance training.

Place and Duration of Study: Data is collected through well-structured questionnaires administered to the selected department in the built environment in Federal Polytechnic Ede. 100 questionnaires were administered, while 90 were duly completed and returned for analysis.

Data Analysis: The data was analyzed using Statistical Software for Social Sciences (SPSS) and an excel statistical package for prediction.

Results: The observed that built environment students are not sufficiently trained in some topics in the Building maintenance courses. Also, students are not competent in the ability to prepare documents for work alteration, maintenance of high rise building and estate roads. The major barriers to the competence of students in building maintenance are lack practical in maintenance, the lack of student’s interest in the course, lack of conducive environment and limited time for learning.

Conclusion: The study concluded that Built environment Students did not receive adequate training in building maintenance courses and recommended that sufficient time should be allocated to carryout practical works in building maintenance and the adoption of training methods to enhance the learning and competency of students in carrying out maintenance work.
Breathomics of Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Aroutiounian Vladimir M.
Published: August 2022

In humans, respiratory disorders are common. Today, rapid, risk-free, and potentially low-cost diagnostics of respiratory disorders detected in the patient's exhaled air are critical. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), volatile organic molecules, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and hydrogen peroxide are among the inhaled biomarkers mentioned.  Breathomics from exhaled volatile organic compounds and oximeters are also shortly discussed. The use of WO3 in FENO monitors is discussed. They large-scale produced and widely used in medical centers and clinics for diagnostics of respiratory diseases.  Promising semiconductor sensors are manufactured from SnO2, doped with Pd, Au, or Pt or multi walls carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticle with single wall carbon nanotubes, quartz microbalance devices with porphyrin, ITO –Zno-Pt films, and surface acoustic wave devices with isobutylene. A combination of VOCs is considered as a “molecular fingerprint” of breath.  The electronic nose on metal oxide detectors allows investigating lung cancer and tuberculous.
Occurrence of Perforated Appendicitis in Patients Subjected to Appendectomy for Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Ali Mehwish , Muhammad Deen , Kumar Vijay , Bux Karim
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of perforated appendicitis among patients subjected to appendectomy for acute appendicitis.

Methodology: A cross-sectional research was performed at the Department of Surgery, Bolan Medical College, Quetta between June 2019 to March 2021. In this study a total of 195 patients were observed. All patients were subjected to detailed history and examination. Standard preoperative procedures were adopted. Data including age, gender, height, weight, BMI were recorded in the proforma.

Results: In this study mean age was 30 years with SD± 12.54. Sixty two percent of patients were male and 38% of patients were female. Nine percent of patients had perforated appendicitis while 91% of patients did not have perforated appendicitis. Sociodemographic such as gender and age did not significantly correlate with the incidence of perforation in patients with acute appendicitis.

Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of perforated appendicitis was 9% among patients subjected to appendectomy for acute appendicitis.
Perceptions of educators to the papanicolau interlated to body issues / Percepções de educadoras ao Papanicolau entrelaçadas às questões de corpo
Authors: Silva Brito Edijania Neto , Melo Mônica Cecília Pimentel de , Batista dos Santos Ana Dulce , Leal de Morais Ramon José , De Araújo Lima Bruna Cristina , Dos Santos Ribeiro Letícia Raíza
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: apreender as percepções ao Papanicolau associadas às questões de corpo. Método: qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo realizado com 18 educadoras após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética, parecer nº 4.048.369. Empregou-se o recurso gráfico, juntamente, à entrevista semi-estruturada, tratados pela análise semiológica de imagem e pela análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: as educadoras conhecem a importância do exame, mas apresentaram superficialidade sobre o objetivo e materiais utilizados, além de sentimentos negativos. A relação do exame com o corpo traz o entrelace de uma realidade que é imensurável. Conclusão: assim, sob uma perspectiva reducionista percebe-se que um corpo que fala é silenciado pelas dimensões de descuido e não de cuidado em saúde.
MET variants with activating N‐lobe mutations identified in hereditary papillary renal cell carcinomas still require ligand stimulation
Authors: Guérin Célia , Vinchent Audrey , Fernandes Marie , Damour Isabelle , Laratte Agathe , Tellier Rémi , Estevam Gabriella O. , Meneboo Jean‐Pascal , Villenet Céline , Descarpentries Clotilde , Fraser James S. , Figeac Martin , Cortot Alexis B. , Rouleau Etienne , Tulasne David
Published: February 2025

In hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma (HPRCC), the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mutations recorded to date are located in the kinase domain and lead to constitutive MET activation. This contrasts with MET mutations identified in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which lead to exon 14 skipping and deletion of a regulatory domain: In this latter case, the mutated receptor still requires ligand stimulation. Sequencing of MET in samples from 158 HPRCC and 2808 NSCLC patients revealed 10 uncharacterized mutations. Four of these, all found in HPRCC and leading to amino acid substitutions in the N‐lobe of the MET kinase, proved able to induce cell transformation, which was further enhanced by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulation: His1086Leu, Ile1102Thr, Leu1130Ser, and Cis1125Gly. Similar to the variant resulting in MET exon 14 skipping, the two N‐lobe MET variants His1086Leu and Ile1102Thr were found to require stimulation by HGF in order to strongly activate downstream signaling pathways and epithelial cell motility. The Ile1102Thr mutation also displayed transforming potential, promoting tumor growth in a xenograft model. In addition, the N‐lobe‐mutated MET variants were found to trigger a common HGF‐stimulation‐dependent transcriptional program, consistent with an observed increase in cell motility and invasion. Altogether, this functional characterization revealed that N‐lobe variants still require ligand stimulation, in contrast to other RTK variants. This suggests that HGF expression in the tumor microenvironment is important for tumor growth. The sensitivity of these variants to MET inhibitors opens the way for use of targeted therapies for patients harboring the corresponding mutations.
ℒasso ℳ𝒫𝒞‐Based ℒ1 Adaptive Control for Uncertain Euler–Lagrange Systems: Guaranteed Stability Robustness and Performance
Authors: Ahmadian Hossein , Ali Talebi Heidar , Sharifi Iman
Published: February 2025

The challenge of assessing system states and considering the robot's physical limitations impedes the development of an adaptive controller for robotic systems. To solve this challenge, this study proposes an adaptive controller based on ℒasso () (for Euler–Lagrange systems) that combines the method by a Barrier Lyapunov Function() and an adaptive high‐gain observer (). In the face of uncertainty, time delay, and inaccessibility of system states, the presented approach establishes a mechanism to compromise between fast adaptation and robustness. The constrains the system's outputs and adjusts the observer gain to ensure the output estimation error stays within a predetermined range. Then, to increase the prediction accuracy, ℒasso () uses the estimated system parameter (obtained by ). To manage additive and parametric uncertainties, the proposed approach adds a robustness constraint to the optimization. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the proposed method is assessed using an uncertain six‐degrees‐of‐freedom (6‐𝒟𝒪ℱ) remotely operated underwater vehicle (ℛ𝒪𝒱), and the stability of the closed‐loop system under input delay is evaluated. The extensive numerical results demonstrate that the system with the proposed controller achieves superior performance compared to other adaptive controllers, particularly in terms of integral absolute tracking and estimation errors for this specific application. Furthermore, the results validate the proposed approach's ability to reject uncertainties and disturbances that fluctuate over time, and they exhibit a satisfactory tracking performance even in cases where the system dynamics are uncertain.
JAMA Patient Page advises drug users on harm reduction
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2025

Contributing writer for the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) gave harm reduction advice on the JAMA Patient Page in the current issue, published online February 19. The JAMA Patient Page is described by JAMA as a “public service.” This article is evidence of established medicine's embrace of already established harm reduction techniques, which eschew treatment in favor of continuing illicit drug use “safely.”
Advances in Nanofiber Filtration Membranes: From Principles to Intelligent Applications
Authors: Shi Shuo , Bai Wenli , Chen Xiaoyu , Si Yifan , Zhi Chuanwei , Wu Hanbai , Su Yupei , Cai Wei , Fei Bin , Kan Chi‐Wai , Hu Jinlian , Wang Xungai
Published: February 2025

Air pollution is a silent killer. It poses a significant health threat, affecting over 80% of the global population and leading to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Electrospun nanofiber filtration membranes have made tremendous progress due to their large surface areas, adaptable structures, and self‐polarizing properties. This review explores recent developments in nanofiber filtration membranes across four key areas: filtration principles, material design, structural innovations, and functionalities. Initially, classical filtration mechanisms is discussed, followed by an overview of sustainable materials and green technologies for advanced filtration. It is then delve into structural advancements, highlighting nanofibers with high roughness, ultra‐fine diameters, and bimodal distributions. Inspired by nature, these innovations have led to the creation of high‐performance filtration membranes. Current research focuses on anti‐bacterial and antiviral filtration membranes, as well as intelligent systems capable of sensing physiological signals. Last, the existing challenges in filtration membrane development, such as new filtration mechanisms, green preparation technologies, and reusable intelligent filtration systems is highlighted. It is anticipated that solutions to these problems will open up new possibilities for functional biodegradable membranes, smart wearables, and upscale healthcare.
Advances of chiral metal complexes as standalone photocatalyst for asymmetric organic transformations
Authors: Das Anjan , David A. John , Ramachandran Balaji
Published: February 2025

Many enantiopure chiral organic molecules are very important unit for drug discovery. Ready access to a wide range of enantiopure organic compounds, attached with one or more chiral centres significantly enhance the quality and diversity of chemical libraries for screening of drug discovery. The ability to control the stereochemistry of many organic reactions remains an area of interest in organic synthesis to allow the development of novel, structurally diverse 3D molecules. Asymmetric catalysis has been extensively studied for controlling the stereochemistry in modern synthetic organic chemistry. Recently, the use of light as the energy source with a chiral photocatalysts for photocatalytic asymmetric organic reactions has drawn much attentions but limited in numbers. The short lifetime of excited chiral photocatalysts and very fast reactions make the stereocontrol difficult in many reactions. However, by making a chiral photoactive metal complex with a suitable metal and ligands, this problem could be solved. As these chiral metal complexes are stable under light irradiation, versatile, having easy tuneable properties, these can provide more chiral inductions in many asymmetric organic reactions. So, in this review, we have focused on the recent development on chiral metal complexes as the standalone chiral photocatalysts for asymmetric organic reactions. We hope this review will help to understand the scopes and limitations to the research community in the field of asymmetric synthesis.
Organosilane Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Detection of Tyrosine in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Devi Swati , Singh Akshpreet , Sharma Samiksha , Sharma Devina , Markan Pallavi , Kaur Harshbir , Dege Necmi , Meral Seher
Published: February 2025

In the present article, a selective and efficient sensor based on organosilane functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposites has been synthesized for the fluorometric detection of tyrosine (Tyr). The 1,2,3‐triazole functionalized organosilane has been synthesized by a condensation reaction between 4‐(methylthio) aniline and alkylated benzaldehyde followed by azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction using Cu (I) catalyst. The synthesized organosilane has been fabricated on graphene oxide nanoparticles and the obtained graphene‐functionalized organosilane (GO‐Silane) was characterized by FTIR and XRD. The morphology of the nanocomposite film was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The photophysical properties of GO‐Silane were studied which established its selective sensor for tyrosine with the limit of detection values of 1.04 × 10−8 M with a response time of 8 s. The strong coordinated interactions of GO‐Silane for the Tyr have been confirmed from FTIR spectra of the GO‐Silane‐Tyr complex. The competitive amino acid interference assay successfully demonstrated the selectivity of the nanocomposite sensor.
The osteology, taxonomy, and phylogenetic placement of Seeleyosaurus guilelmiimperatoris (Plesiosauroidea, Microcleididae) from the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale of Germany
Authors: Sachs Sven , Madzia Daniel , Marx Miguel , Roberts Aubrey J. , Hampe Oliver , Kear Benjamin P.
Published: February 2025

Seeleyosaurus guilelmiimperatoris is an early‐diverging plesiosauroid from the lower Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of the Posidonienschiefer Formation (Posidonia Shale) of Holzmaden, southwestern Germany. It is known from almost complete skeletons of two osteologically mature individuals, the holotype and a referred specimen that was largely destroyed during World War II. Although well‐preserved and substantially complete, the anatomy of Seeleyosaurus and its taxonomic and phylogenetic significance remain insufficiently understood. Here, we provide a complete osteological description of the taxon. Seeleyosaurus guilelmiimperatoris can be diagnosed based on a unique combination of characters, including one autapomorphy: the tall and basally constricted neural spines of the posterior cervical, pectoral, and dorsal vertebrae which have a sinusoidal shape in lateral view. Our study supports the validity of the plesiosauroid taxon Plesiopterys wildi, which was considered a junior synonym of Seeleyosaurus in a previous joint assessment of the taxa. Our phylogenetic evaluation places S. guilelmiimperatoris among Microcleididae, in congruence with previous studies. However, in contrast to earlier phylogenetic reconstructions, our analyses, which take into account numerous changes to the character matrix, reconstruct S. guilelmiimperatoris as falling within the Microcleidus clade. While we admit that Seeleyosaurus might potentially be considered a species of Microcleidus, we refrain from promoting this nomenclatural change pending an osteological and taxonomic reassessment of Microcleidus spp. as well as other, potentially closely related forms, such as Lusonectes sauvagei.
Holographic Connection of f(G) Gravity Through Barrow and a Generalized Version of Holographic Dark Fluid
Authors: Chattopadhyay Surajit
Published: February 2025

In the study presented in this work, we use the holographic principle taking into account the Barrow entropy rather than the conventional Bekenstein–Hawking one to develop a holographic model for dark energy in the gravity. The former results from the attempt to include quantum gravitational effects into the cosmological framework and, in accordance with the gravity–thermodynamic conjecture, into black hole physics. To investigate the cosmological implications of our model for modified gravity, we discuss the cosmic implementation of the most generalized type of holographic dark energy, called Nojiri‐Odintsov holographic dark energy (NO‐HDE), and a particular example of it, called Barrow holographic dark energy. This is accomplished by adding to the model a well‐known power law form of the scale factor and the Holographic dark energy. It is found that the reconstructed satisfies a necessary condition for a realistic modified gravity model. Additionally, the reconstruction models are examined in the four energy scenarios. Lastly, the relationship to observational boundaries is examined, and the reconstructed EoS parameter is verified to fall within the constraints determined in the literature by utilizing observational data sets from BAO, SNLS3, and .
Spectrum‐Effect Relationship Between Fingerprints and Anti‐Inflammatory and Antitussive Activities of Raw and Processed Mume Fructus Extracts
Authors: Lv Zhenguo , Lin Wenhan , Ogaji Omachi Daniel , Liu Yang , Zhou Shuting , Zhu Yameng , Wu Xiwei , Zhao Peng , Wu Tiantian , Li Caixia , Zuo Fanjiao , Ouyang Huizi , He Jun
Published: February 2025

Mume Fructus (MF), a representative substance in the field of medicine‐food homology, has been extensively utilized in clinical treatments and daily diets for its raw and processed forms. This study aimed to establish the spectrum‐effect relationship between ultra–high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS) fingerprints and anti‐inflammatory and antitussive activities of raw and processed MF extracts. In UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS fingerprints, a total of 21 common peaks were identified. Bioactivity assays demonstrated that the raw and processed MF extracts exhibited varying degrees of anti‐inflammatory and antitussive effects. Subsequently, the relevant pharmacologically active ingredients were screened by grey relation analysis and partial least squares regression. The results showed that nine components were associated with anti‐inflammatory effects, namely, citric acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, fumaric acid, gallic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ononin. Additionally, three components were linked to antitussive activity: amygdalin, syringic acid, and succinic acid, respectively. This work developed a model combining UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS fingerprints with anti‐inflammatory and antitussive activities to study the spectrum‐effect relationship of raw and processed MF extracts. The findings provide a reference for the discovery of bioactive components and contribute to the clinical rationalization of medications.
In‐situ Chemical bonded tubular titanium dioxide with covalent organic frameworks promoted photocatalytic activity
Authors: Wang Xuepeng , Gao Yuqing , Liu Yu , Cao Xiaojie , Guo Liping , Liao Lijun , Li Zhenzi , Li Mingxia , Zhou Wei
Published: February 2025

Solar driven water splitting to produce hydrogen is an ideal way to generate renewable energy, however, there is still a challenge of photo generated charge recombination. Herein, on the basis of unique tubular titanium dioxide (TiO2), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are grown in situ and linked through chemical bonds to obtain heterojunction materials. The results show that when the Schiff base covalent organic frameworks (COF‐1) loading is 30% (30% COF‐1/TiO2), the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of the composite material is as high as 31.9 mmol/g/h, which was twice that of the original TiO2 and 2.6 times that of the original COF‐1. Experimental characterization demonstrates that the tubular heterojunction (COF‐1/TiO2) can improve the migration of electron‐hole pairs and enhance the utilization efficiency of charge carriers. This provides new insights into the design of efficient photocatalytic materials.
Ru(II)‐Catalyzed Aldehyde‐Directed Cascade Annulation of Aromatic Aldehydes with Acrylates to Access Indenes
Authors: Shi Xian-ying , Ma Hong-Yu , Fan Juan , Wei Wen-Ting , Chang Jia-Xin , Wang Yi-Hao
Published: February 2025

The metal‐catalyzed directing‐group‐assisted cascade annulation via C–H bond activation has provided a step‐ and atom‐economic strategy to access cyclic compounds. A ruthenium‐catalyzed [3+2] cascade annulation of aromatic aldehydes with acrylates has been developed for the construction of indene frame in one pot under aerobic conditions. This efficient transformation proceeds through weakly coordinating aldehyde‐assisted C−H bond activation, and is featured by being free of nitrogen‐bearing transient directing groups, operational simplicity, low cost and commercial availability of starting materials. The protocol involves a sequence reaction of aldehyde‐directed C–H activation, coordination between acrylates and ruthenium, migratory insertion, protonation and intramolecular Aldol condensation.
Life Insurance Product Type, Financial Knowledge, and Financial Adequacy
Authors: Nam Youngwon , Olsen Eric , Loibl Cäzilia , Scharff Robert
Published: February 2025

Life insurance coverage is steadily declining with only about half of Americans currently holding any type of life insurance. This trend suggests that a growing number of households may have inadequate financial resources in the case of death of an income earner. This study describes the characteristics of households who are financially inadequately protected in the event of income earners' deaths and examines the role life insurance product type and financial knowledge for adequate financial resources. We use the 2022 Survey of Consumer Finances limited to households with at least one member who holds full‐time employment, and living with two or more household members (n = 1818). We use repeated‐imputation inference (RII) logistic regression analyses to examine households with adequate life insurance holdings, adequate net financial assets, and adequate net worth in the event of income earners' deaths. The data show that the majority of households in this sample have inadequate financial resources to compensate for the death of an income earner (56%) and that this group shows greater financial and health‐related vulnerability. Through regression analysis, we find that all three adequacy measures were associated with life insurance product type, whereas financial knowledge was only intermittently significant. This study informs efforts to provide effective life insurance information and education.
Shaping a Socially Responsible Workforce Through SRHRM Practices: Investigating the Mediating Role of Work Meaningfulness and the Moderating Effect of Servant Leadership
Authors: Altuniji Afra Saif , Bani‐Melhem Shaker , Mohd‐Shamsudin Faridahwati , Usman Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Despite the increased emphasis on motivating employees to go beyond their professions and positively impact society, our understanding of the factors that drive these social impact behaviors is still limited. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate how employee social impact behaviors (ESIB) in service organizations are promoted by socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) practices. Grounded in self‐determination theory, the study explores whether SRHRM influences ESIB through the mediating role of work meaningfulness (WM) and examines how servant leadership (SL) strengthens this relationship. Data from 268 service sector employees in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were gathered via a structured, cross‐sectional survey. The results support the moderated mediation model. It also demonstrates that SRHRM significantly boosts ESIB, with its effect being more pronounced under high SL behavior. This study provides essential insights into how SL amplifies the effects of SRHRM on ESIB and offers practical recommendations for organizations seeking to develop a socially responsible workforce. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity of aligning HRM practices with corporate social responsibility objectives to achieve wider organizational and societal outcomes.
Three cases of atypical Rasmussen's encephalitis with delayed‐onset seizures
Authors: Guo Hongru , Gong Pan , Yu Guojing , Tang Chongyang , Luan Guoming , Liu Qingzhu , Cai Lixin , Ji Taoyun
Published: February 2025

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of three ARE cases with delayed‐onset seizures treated at Peking University First Hospital and Sanbo Brain Hospital from May 2021 to January 2023. We also reviewed previously reported atypical cases of Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) in the literature, summarizing onset symptoms, seizure symptomatology, imaging findings, electroencephalogram (EEG) results, treatment course, and prognosis. The onset age of the three cases ranged from 1 year and 9 months to 7 years and 5 months. All three initially presented with limb motor disorders, which progressively worsened. Two cases developed focal seizures within 1 month of onset, whereas the third case had no seizures over 3 years. Brain MRIs revealed progressive unilateral hemispheric atrophy with multifocal abnormal signals, and PET‐CT showed decreased metabolism in the affected hemisphere. EEGs exhibited asymmetric background rhythms with slow waves in the affected hemisphere. In the two children with seizures, epileptiform discharges from the affected hemisphere were recorded, including one case of sustained partial epilepsy. One child was initially diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis, whereas two were suspected of having RE at onset. The two children with seizures were treated with immunotherapy and various antiseizure medications. Both underwent hemispherectomy because neither seizures nor limb motor disorders were effectively controlled. Post‐surgery, neither experienced seizures during 2 years of follow‐up, and both showed cognitive and motor improvements. The child without seizures received intermittent steroids and immunoglobulin therapy over 3 years. During 18 months of follow‐up, the patient's motor function improved, and no seizures occurred. Seizures are common initial symptoms of RE. Such cases are often misdiagnosed or missed, leading to delays in optimal treatment. If symptoms are predominantly unilateral and EEG and imaging findings show laterality, the possibility of RE should be considered. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce unnecessary investigations and improve prognosis.

Plain Language Summary

Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a rare disease that typically begins with seizures and generally has a poor prognosis. However, over the past 20 years, there have been reports of RE cases where the initial symptoms are not seizures. Our center has diagnosed and treated three such cases in the past 5 years. We aim to provide an overview of these atypical RE patients, focusing on clinical features, electroencephalographic (EEG) findings, and imaging characteristics to inspire early detection and diagnosis of RE, thus improving treatment timing and outcomes for RE patients.
Research on the Applicability of Hybrid RANS/LES Models to Predict the Flow Behavior in Bulb Tubular Pump Under Rated and Stall Conditions
Authors: Sun Longyue , Pan Qiang , Geng Linlin , Zhang Desheng , Escaler Xavier
Published: February 2025

The investigation into the internal flow characteristics of the bulb tubular pump device has important practical significance for improving both optimal design and operation stability. This paper uses different RANS/LES turbulence models to conduct numerical simulation research on the bulb tubular pump model device, specifically focusing on the differences in internal flow characteristics under the small flow stall condition 0.5Qdes and the design condition 1.0Qdes. The macroscopic energy characteristics of different turbulence models are verified through experiment tests, revealing that the DDES turbulence model provides better predicted hydraulic performance under stall conditions. The numerical difference under low flow conditions is mainly due to the different degrees of turbulent flow field analysis, while the analysis degree of high‐efficiency flow rate conditions with uniform internal flow remains similar. The vortex identification method Omega is used to visualize the vortex structure characteristics of the time‐averaged flow field, uncovering large‐scale stall vortex structures under small flow conditions, with the blending RANS/LES turbulence model offering superior resolution of vortex structures. Furthermore, the paper deduces the calculation method of the RANS/LES turbulence model pulsation entropy production based on the SST turbulence model pulsation entropy production calculation formula. A comprehensive investigation of the local power loss characteristics of the main flow‐passing components—impeller, diffuser, and bulb—reveals that the blades and wall surfaces are the main contributors to increase in power losses. The comparison shows that the DDES turbulence model provides more accurate predictions of the hydraulic performance of stall conditions and visualizing flow field characteristics.
Advancements and Challenges in Microgrid Technology: A Comprehensive Review of Control Strategies, Emerging Technologies, and Future Directions
Authors: Dev Ark , Kumar Vineet , Khare Gaurav , Giri Jayant , Amir Mohammad , Ahmad Furkan , Jain Prince , Anand Sumant
Published: February 2025

The concept of microgrids (MGs) as compact power systems, incorporating distributed energy resources, generating units, storage systems, and loads, is widely acknowledged in the research community. Globally, nations are adopting MGs to access clean, affordable, and reliable energy solutions. However, effective MG operation encounters several challenges: stability issues, power quality concerns, inadequate energy management, cybersecurity threats, regulatory complexities, economic barriers, market dynamics, and limited public acceptance. This paper presents a systematic literature review encompassing recent advancements in MG technology. It delves into MG architecture, diverse control objectives, associated methodologies, emerging control approaches, future challenges, and potential solutions. This review focuses on existing control methods, particularly those addressing frequency and voltage stability, energy management, threat mitigation and explores a spectrum of engineering and nonengineering challenges within MG systems, proposing viable solutions. This review paper also explores recent control strategies for frequency regulation in MG system, utilizing MATLAB simulations to demonstrate their effectiveness. Additionally, the paper examines the application of cutting‐edge technologies like machine learning, blockchain, reinforcement learning, neural networks, edge computing, and the internet of things (IoT) to mitigate concerns in expanding MG systems. The paper concludes by summarizing key findings, outlining avenues for future research, and offering a comprehensive perspective on the current state and future directions of MG research.