bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Divine Kingship of The Tagoi OF The Nuba Mountains—Sudan
Authors: Ali Osman Mohamed
Published: November 2023

This article traces history of the formation of a divine kingship among the Tagoi people of the north-eastern Nuba Mountains. This historical backdrop provides a context for investigating change and continuity in the Tagoi political system. Concentrating on actual processes, the article gives some accounts on how the divinization of Tagoi kingship could be a political move to bolster the legitimacy of personalized powers. Relevance of the comparatively old evolutionist, diffusionist, structuralist and neo-evolutionist theories of divine kingship to the Tagoi case is discussed. Here, the main conclusion was that the Tagoi’s concept of “divine king” does not exactly apply to any of the definitions that are embedded in these theories, as it portrays—in a measure—a distinct and genuine type of divine kingship. The analyses and interpretations are also supported by the relatively modern concepts of galactic polity, mimesis, perspectivism, and mutlinaturalism.
صِفة المرأة ودِلالاتها في البِنية الصرفية صيغتا فَعول وفاعل في الشّعر العربيّ أنموذجًا
Authors: Badran Loay Omar
Published: November 2023

نظرًا لأهمية درس التأنيث في اللغة العربية واتصاله بالعديد من دروس النحو واللغة، تتناول هذه الدراسة الحقول الدلالية للمرأة في بنيتي: فعول وفاعل ودراسة دلالاتهما الجسدية والمعنوية بالأنواع التالية: السلوكيــــة والجسديــــة الثابتة والمتحولة / المتغيـــرة، السلبية منها والإيجابية من خـــلال الخطاب الشعري خلال الحقب المــتعددة، وقد جاء اختيار هاتين الصيغتين؛ لأننا لا نهتدي إلى دلالة صفة هذين الوزنين في أنهما عائدان على مذكر أم مؤنث دون تحديد جنس الموصوف، بيد أن صفات المرأة في البنية الصرفية للوزنين (فعول وفاعل) تمثلت في حقلين دلاليين رئيسيين هما: الجسدي والمعنوي وعليه ذيل البحث بـجداول إحصائية أمـكن البنـــاء عليها للــوصول إلى النتائج والتوصيات المتعلقة بالتصنيفات السابقة.
المجاز وتقديمه للطّلبة النّاطقين بغير العربية (دراسة وصفيّة تحليليّة)
Authors: Journal JASS , عبدالمجيد الخدام غدير
Published: November 2023

هدفت هذه الدّراسة إلى بحث المجاز وضبطه عند تقديمه للطلبة الناطقين بغير العربية والتّوصّل إلى طرق مقترحة لتقديم المجاز لهم، بحيث يُقدَّم هذا الدّرس البلاغي الجامد بأبسط الطّرق دون إخلال أو تقصير انسجاماً مع حاجات الطّلبة وتوجهاتهم في الدّراسة. وقد اعتمدت هذه الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. وقد جاءت الدّراسة في ثلاثة مباحث، تناول االمبحث الأول معنى المجاز ونشأته وتقسيماته. وفي المبحث الثّاني، تناول الباحثان المجاز في أربعة من كتب تعليم العربية للناطقين بغيرها، ثلاثة منها في الغرض العام وهي كتاب (الكتاب) في تعلّم العربية، كتاب العربية بين يديك، كتاب العربية للناطقين بغيرها (الجامعة الأردنيّة)، وكتاب Advanced Media Arabic   في الغرض الإعلامي الخاص، وذلك في محاولة لرصد طرق تقديم المجاز فيها، واستنتاج أهم التمارين التي تساعد في تقديم المجاز وعرضه للطلبة الناطقين بغير العربية. وتناول المبحث الثّالث طرائق مقترحة في تقديم المجاز للطّلبة النّاطقين بغير العربيّة استناداً إلى ما توصّلت إليه الدّراسة من استنتاجات في المبحث الثّاني. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات وردت في آخر الدراسة.

الكلمات المفتاحية: العربية، النّاطقين بغيرها.
المزيج الاستراتيجي للإعلان.. سياق الرسالة والاستمالات المستخدمة
Authors: ساطور محمد
Published: November 2023

يعد الإعلان أداة مهمة وحيوية في عالم الأعمال اليوم، ويعتبر قوة مؤثرة في نجاح تسويق المنتجات والخدمات. هذا البحث يدرس دور استخدام استراتيجيات الإعلان في تصميم الرسائل الإعلانية، للوصول إلى تحقيق اتصال إقناعي بالجمهور المستهدف، وكذلك استخدام الاستمالات المنطقية والعاطفية للتأثير فيه، وللوصول إلى مرحلة الاقتناع والتفاعل مع الإعلان، بهدف خلق نية شراء المنتجات والخدمات، لتحقيق الربح للمعلنين، حيث أن استخدام الاستراتيجية الإعلانية تزيد من قدرة الاتصال، ووضوح الرؤية، وسهولة وصول الرسالة الإعلانية، ويقضي على الغموض في التواصل مع الجمهور، ويفتح آفاق وأفكار جديدة، ويدفع مؤسسات الأعمال إلى المنافسة وتحقيق التميز، كما أنه يعمل على تخفيض الإنفاق الإعلاني، لكونها مدروسة ومنطقية. تحتاج الشركات إلى اعتماد استراتيجيات وابتكارات إبداعية في أنشطتها الإعلانية من أجل التغلب على تحديات السوق العالمية الآخذة في التوسع. في الدراسة، تم التعرض للاتصال الإقناعي، والأنواع المختلفة للاستراتيجيات المستخدمة في الإعلان، وكذلك أنواع الرسائل الإعلانية، وأنواع الاستمالات المستخدمة. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن الاتصال الإقناعي في الإعلان قادر على إحداث التأثير المقصود من سياق الرسالة الإعلانية، كما أن الاستراتيجيات الإعلانية تتميز بإضفاء قوة التأثير، وسياق الرسالة الإعلانية جوهر عملية الاتصال، أما الاستمالات فهي القوى المحركة للغرائز. أوصت الدراسة بضرورة تدريس مقرر استراتيجيات الإعلان في الكليات الأكاديمية المتخصصة، وعلى مؤسسات الإنتاج الحكومية اللجوء إلى شركات الإعلان الكبرى من أجل تخطيط استراتيجي إبداعي وناجح لمنتجاتهم وخدماتهم، من أجل النهوض بصناعاتهم.

الكلمات المفتاحية: الاتصال الإقناعي، المزيج الاستراتيجي، الرسالة الإعلانية، الاستمالات
دور العمل التطوعي في تعزيز القيم الإيجابية لدى الفتيات
Authors: الدغيري هدى
Published: November 2023

يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على  اتجاهات الفتيات السعوديات نحو العمل التطوعي، وأثر العمل التطوعي على القيم الإيجابية لدى الفتيات السعوديات، وأيضاً  كيفية تطوير دور العمل التطوعي في تعزيز القيم الإيجابية لدى الفتيات السعوديات في ضوء رؤية المملكة 2030، وفي ضوء هذه الأهداف إعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والاستبيان  كأداة لجمع بيانات البحث، حيث طبق البحث الحالي على عينة مكونة من (414) فتاة سعودية، وقد توصلت نتائج البحث إلى أن هناك موافقة بشدة بين أفراد العينة على أثر العمل التطوعي على القيم الإيجابية لدى الفتيات السعوديات، حيث تأتي المشاركة الاجتماعية بالمرتبة الأولى بين تلك الأبعاد، يليها تقبل الآخر، وبالمرتبة الثالثة يأتي بُعد المسؤولية الاجتماعية وفي الأخير يأتي سلوك المواطنة كأقل القيم الإيجابية تأثراً بالعمل التطوعي لدى الفتيات السعوديات، وفي ضوء تلك النتائج توصي الدراسة بضرورة التوعية المستمرة من خلال وسائل الإعلام بأهمية العمل التطوعي ودوره في تعزيز القيم الإيجابية لدى الفتيات السعوديات، وإقامة الندوات والمحاضرات بالجامعات والتي تُساهم في نشر ثقافة العمل التطوعي بين الفتيات السعوديات، ومجالاته المتنوعة، بالإضافة إلى إجراء بحث يتناول التحديات التي تواجه الفتيات السعوديات للمشاركة في العمل التطوعي.

الكلمات المفتاحية: العمل التطوعي – التطوع – القيم الإيجابية – قيم المواطنة – رؤية المملكة 2030.
دور تقنيات الثورة الصناعية الرابعة في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة في مؤسسات التعليم العالي بسلطنة عمان
Authors: الصيعرية مشاعل , العاني وجيهة , العبري خلف , الشنفري عبدالله , البراشدية حفيظة
Published: November 2023

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى الكشف عن دور تقنيات الثورة الصناعية الرابعة في تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة بمؤسسات التعليم العالي بسلطنة عمان، والاطلاع على واقع توظيف هذه التقنيات في مؤسسات التعليم العالي بالسلطنة، وكذلك التعرف على التحديات المرتبطة باستخدام هذه التقنيات، والتوصل إلى عدد من المقترحات لمعالجة تلك الصعوبات. استخدمت الدراسة المنهج النوعي لملاءمته أهدافَ الدراسة من خلال إجراء المقابلات، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (10) من قيادات مؤسسات التعليم العالي الحكومية والخاصة بالسلطنة. توصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى أهمية دور تقنيات الثورة الصناعية الرابعة في تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة في مؤسسات التعليم العالي، كما وأشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن مستوى توافر تقنيات الثورة الصناعية الرابعة كانت بين ممتازة، ومتوسطة بحسب وجهة نظرهم. وضحت النتائج أيضا وجود عدد من التحديات الإدارية والتقنية والبشرية في توظيف هذه التقنيات، كما قدمت الدراسة عددًا من الإجراءات المقترحة تتمثل في بناء شراكات مع المجتمع، وجذب الخبرات، وتدريب الكوادر البشرية، وتحسين البنية التحتية. أخيرا، أوصت الدراسة بضرورة تطوير السياسات التعليمية، وتمكين الطلبة والأساتذة من المهارات المطلوبة لاستخدام هذه التقنيات.

الكلمات المفتاحية: تقنيات الثورة الصناعية الرابعة، التنمية المستدامة، مؤسسات التعليم العالي.
نحو الأبعاد الوظيفيّة والمهنيّة لصحافة "الروبوت"
Authors: مسودي نور , الصرايرة محمد نجيب
Published: November 2023

هدفت الدراسة إلى بحث واقع سياسات توظيف الأموال في المصارف الإسلامية العمانية، وذلك من خلال دراسة صيغ التمويل الإسلامية المعتمدة لديها، وكذلك أساليب الاستثمار المعمول بها في هذه المصارف، ومن ثم توضيح مدى التزام السياسة التمويلية والاستثمارية في المساهمة الحقيقية في التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية. تكمن إشكالية الدراسة في أن سياسات توظيف الأموال في المصارف الإسلامية لا تراعي الدور التنموي للمجتمع، وذلك من خلال اعتمادها الواضح على التمويل والاستثمار قصير الأجل، رغبة منها في تحقيق الربحية السريعة والسيولة العالية، وبذلك أصبحت شبيهة ومثيله بما تقدمه المصارف التقليدية. توصل الباحثان إلى وجود قصور واضح لدى المصارف الإسلامية العمانية في المساهمة في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، إذ مثّلت سياسات توظيف الأموال طويلة الأجل لديها نسبة ضئيلة من إجمالي توظيف الأموال، وبذلك لم تُسهم المصارف الإسلامية العمانية في التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية بالشكل المأمول منها.

الكلمات المفتاحية: المصارف الإسلامية – الاستثمار – التمويل – التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية.
ملامح ضمور الهوية الأندلُسيّة في القرن السَّادس الهجري/ الثاني عشر الميلادي
Authors: بنت فرحان الخالدي نوال
Published: November 2023

اعترى ملامح الهوية الأندلُسيّة ضمورٌ إبان وقوع الأندلس تحت سلطة المرابطين المغاربة، فباتت الأندلس كأنها ولايةٌ مغربيةٌ، وذلك في نهاية الربع الأخير من القرن الخامس الهجري/ الحادي الميلادي لمَّا أسقط الأمير يوسف بن تاشفين ممالك الطوائف في الأندلس عام (485ه/ 1092)، واستمر المغاربة يحكمون الأندلس حتى هزيمة الموحدين في موقعة العقاب عام (609ه/ 1212م)، وورثوا التركة السياسية للمرابطين في حكم  المغرب والأندلس  معًا، فظل المجتمع في الأندلس طيلة قرن كامل ويزيد يتأثر رويدًا رويدًا بحكامه المغاربة، وهذا ما أثر في سمات هويته التي كانت تميز الهوية الأندلُسيّة، سواءٌ في نظام الحكم والإدارة أو الحياة العلمية أو الاجتماعية، ويتتبع البحث ملامح هذا الضمور الذي لحق بهوية المجتمع الأندلسي التي طالما اعتز بتفردها عن العدوة المغربية، ويرصدها ويبين نتائجها على عادتها الاجتماعية وموروثها التقليدي، وطابعها الثقافيّ والمذهبيّ الذي عرفت به الأندلس منذ قرون، فقد كان المذهب المالكيّ مذهب الدولة الرسميّ حتى  عصر المرابطين، ولكن مع حكم الموحدين تبدل الوضع فأصبح المذهب المالكيّ محاربًا، ومذهب الدولة الرسميّ للخلفاء الموحدين هو الظاهريّ،  ولا مشاحة في أنه يعدُّ أكبر تأثير في الهوية الأندلُسيّة الذي كان من أبرز سماتها مذهب مالك، إزاء محاولات المجتمع الأندلسيّ التماسك أمام الذوبان في منظومة الآخر.   

          الكلمات المفتاحية: الأندلس؛ ملامح؛ الهوية؛ المرابطين؛ الموحدين.
ممارسات القيادة التحويليّة في مرحلة ما بعد الحصول على الاعتماد الأكاديميّ بجامعة السلطان قابوس من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس وأعضاء المجالس الاستشارية بالكليات
Authors: بنت أحمد الهوتي نوال , بن مرهون العبري خلف , عبد الله عيسان صالحة , مهدي كاظم علي
Published: November 2023

هدفت هذه الورقة إلى معرفة ممارسات القيادة التحويليّة في مرحلة ما بعد الحصول على الاعتماد الأكاديميّ بجامعة السلطان قابوس، وذلك من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس وأعضاء المجالس الاستشارية بالكليّات؛ وذلك بتحليل اثنتين من تلك الممارسات، هما: "ممارسة التطوير التَّنظيميّ" و"ممارسة إيجاد بيئة باعثة على التَّعلم التَّنظيميّ" بأربع من كليّات الجامعة. اعتمدت الورقة منهجا بحثيا خليطا، واستخدمت الاستبانات، والمقابلات شبه المقننة. وقد بلغ عدد الاستبانات التي تم تحليلها (187) استبانة، وبلغ عدد المقابلات مع قيادات الكليات (19) مقابلة، أما عدد المقابلات مع أعضاء المجالس الاستشارية فبلغ (12) مقابلة. وقد توصلت الورقة إلى عدد من النتائج، أهمها: أن التقييم الإجمالي لممارسات القيادة التحويليّة لدى القادة الأكاديميّين بالجامعة من وجهة أعضاء الهيئة الأكاديميّة جاء "متوسطا"، وأن مستويات الممارستين جاءت متقاربة مع أفضلية طفيفة لممارسة "إيجاد بيئة باعثة على التَّعلم  التَّنظيميّ"، وأنه لا يوجد أثرٌ لمتغير نوع الكلية في الاستجابة على الممارستين، وأن هناك تأثيرًا ذا دلالة إحصائية لمتغير الرتبة العلمية في الاستجابة على ممارسة "إيجاد بيئة باعثة على التَّعلم  التَّنظيميّ"، وجاء لصالح الرتبة الأكاديميّة الأعلى (أستاذ دكتور)، وأنه لا يوجد أثر لمتغيرَيّ النوع الاجتماعيّ وسنوات الخبرة في الاستجابة للممارستين. وأخيرا، توصلت الورقة إلى جملة توصيات، أهمها: على قادة الكليات الاهتمام بتكييف الخطط الاستراتيجية لكلياتهم، وتهيئة العاملين بما يتناسب مع التغيرات التي أحدثها الحصول على الاعتماد الأكاديميّ.
Symbols of Color Code in the Poetry of Federico Lorca (1898-1936)
Authors: Al Ghusaini Zaher Badr
Published: November 2023

The current study addresses color symbolism in the poetry of Federico Garcia Lorca, a 20th century poet. He lived in the period between 1898 and 1936 in which Spain, and particularly Granada, had a significant impact on his poetry. It lived in his verses and added a unique charisma to his poetry, emerging from its ongoing transformation from tangible visualization to artistic glances. The mention of color appeared in every poem, with some colors being more dominant than others. It added an artistic value with a pure psychological perspective, almost like a painting portraying Granada. This led critic and Spanish civilization researcher Luis Parrot to call him “a poet enchanted by colors” in his study of Lorca’s poetry, as he found him totally possessed by colors (Telisy, 1992). This addresses color symbolism that is prominent in Lorca’s poetry. Has this symbolism reflected Lorca’s character that it appeared in an unorthodox manner? Or was this symbolism traditional in its form and meaning? The study concluded that Lorca did not describe color by color, color by name, or name by color. Rather, his poetry took many forms and tastes, giving it a certain uniqueness and individuality to Lorca. Analysing Lorca’s poetry reveals its richness in color expressions. It also shows how Lorca’s awareness of color exemplified his suffering explicitly and implicitly, to maintain a certain level in his poetry on one hand, and to avoid being overt on the other
Domination of English and its impact on the Arabic System of Scholarly Communication
Authors: Al-Aufi Ali Saif
Published: November 2023

While English, supported by technological development and the advent of networked information, has overwhelmingly played a dominating force in the world–wide system of scholarly communication, it has created a deficiency in local scholarly communication systems; the Arabic scholarly communication system is no exception. This paper investigates the impact of English language on the Arab academics’ practices in and attitudes towards research and scholarly communication. It also assesses the challenges facing the future of Arabic scholarship, in particular the crisis regarding the use of the Arabic language in the academic networked environment. A qualitative approach containing semi-structured interviews was utilized to collect rich data about the academics’ practices and attitudes on their choice of language for research and scholarly communication and whether the dominant use of English, especially in science disciplines, hinders the potential of Arabic scholarship to contribute in the development of Arabic as a scholarly language.
The Problematic of Innovation in the Thought of Hssan Hanafi
Authors: Karbia Karima
Published: November 2023

This  paper aims to shed light on aspects† of innovation in† the thought of Hassan Hanafi in his readings of† Religious DiscourseÆ For the purpose of this paper¨ innovation means the areas in which Hanafi challenged traditional readingsÆ The aim of the paper is to show that innovation in Hanafi’s thought essentially implies a Whole project of†re reading Islamic heritage to humanize it and to adopt a phenomenological approach for the study¨ analysis and reading of religious textsÆ The paper shows that critiquing this project is not easily Applicable In addition¨ it is difficult to strip religious texts of their sacrednessÆ The paper also shows that the project will always remain relative because it is not possible to bring the entire Islamic heritage under the scrutiny of this critical and restructuring projectÆ
The Exchange of Prisoners between Muslims and the Crusaders (1097-1191)
Authors: Hamad Mona
Published: November 2023

This is an ongoing research project on the issue of prisoners during the Crusades. There is an evident lack of information in the sources on this issue, scarcity of modern scholarship on the subject and inconsistency of the reports written in the primary sources. The researcher was able to gather enough information to try to present a comprehensive synthesis on the subject. The study first attempts to define the principles that regulate the issue of prisoners in both Islam and Christianity, and show how these principles changed during the Crusades. Then, I discuss how prisoners were captured on both sides, the way they were treated and the status of different categories of prisoners, such as women and leaders mainly from among the Crusaders. Finally, I argue that both foes were influenced by the practices of the other party concerning the prisoners of war. The Crusaders learned the benefits of not killing prisoners; ransoming them or enslaving them for labor purposes. On the other hand, the Muslims began to imitate the cruelty towards prisoners just like the Crusaders used to do in the early period of the Crusades.
Recovery of an Early Evidence of Castor Plant, Ricinus Communis L. from the Central Sudan and its Positioning within a World-wide Context
Authors: A-Magid Anwar
Published: November 2023

Evidence of castor plant R. communis, L. is recovered from the Early Holocene archaeological site of Kabbashi Haitah in the Central Sudan and dated to c. 7700 - 7200 bp. This evidence represents the earliest botanical evidence recovered –so far- from the Central Sudan and elsewhere in Eastern Tropical Africa and the World. No evidence is found in the material culture remains which might indicate the likelihood of its being imported. Most of the ancient and traditional utilizations of castor plant are strikingly similar despite their being practised at different times in different and far apart regions in the World. This modest contribution stands to show that the wide spread and utilizations of castor plant strongly accentuate its significant and indispensable role since ancient times. It also reflects that inedible plants, as seen in the case of castor plant, were (and still are) not less important than food plant, hence stresses the need for attending to their study in a fashion equal to that of studying foodplants since prehistoric and early historic times.
Characteristics of the Editorial and Advertisement Content of the Omani Arabic Dailies Front Page: A Study on Content and Communicator
Authors: Al Kindi Abdullah Khamis , Al- Zadjali Muna Sulaiman Abdullah
Published: November 2023

This study aims to identify the characteristics of the editorial and advertisement content of the Omani Arabic dailies front page. It explores the characteristics and attitudes of front page editors and journalists. The study adopts a media survey methodology and uses content analysis in addition to the unstructured interview to study both the editorial and advertisement contents. The study also studies the nature of the editorial policies affecting content published in the front page of the newspapers in question. The results reveal the dominance of editorial content over advertisement content in the front page, with 67% for editorial content, and only 33% for advertisement content. The study shows that private newspapers are more interested in advertisement content than public newspapers. The results also indicate that newspapers rely on their own sources in gathering news for the front page. The study shows that 4% of the news published on the front page appeared with anonymous sources.
Job Satisfaction of Public Relations Practitioners at Saudi Arabia Hospitals ( A Survey Study)
Authors: Alawnah Hatem , Alenezy Abdullah
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is to identify the degree of job satisfaction among practitioners of public relations in Saudi Arabia hospitals. This aim is best achieved through studying the relationship between the degree of job satisfaction and certain demographic variables, that include: gender, academic qualifications, level of experience and hospital category. Furthermore, the study aims to examine the views of top hospital administrators towards the nature of public relations in their institutions , and the obstacles facing these departments based on the views expressed by the sample population of the study. The sample consisted of (155) practitioners of public relations in private and public hospitals. The study adopts the survey method. The study concludes that salary satisfaction is the most important factor in job satisfaction, and that 91% of the practitioners of public relations are males. Also it concludes that more than half of the practitioners of public relations in Saudi Arabia hospitals have from 1 – 5 year experience, and that the third of these public relations practitioners have a salary that ranges 6000-8000 SR. It also shows that more than third of them have nothing to do with public relations in terms of their expertise and experience.
Camels in Rock Art Scenes in Dhofar
Authors: ElMahi Ali Tigani
Published: November 2023

The region of Dhofar in southern Oman is rich in rock art scenes that widely portray the camel. This paper examines these rock art scenes and looks into their cultural signification. It examines the camel scenes to highlight this animal’s characteristics and its role in the economy, trade and transport. Furthermore, the paper draws from an ongoing ethnoarchaeological study to establish certain analogies in order to explain the significance of these scenes and their denotation. The study regards the scenes as a representation of a wide spread rock art camel culture that parallels traditional camel culture in Dhofar.
The Role of Social Networks in Egypt’s January 2011Revolution
Authors: Naser Hosni Mohamed
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the role of the online social networks, especially Facebook, during the Egyptian revolution in January 2011. Analysis of a sample of pages shows how these networks helped people exchange information before, during and after the 18 days revolution which ended the reign of former president - Hosni Mubarak. The study analyzes how online discussions and media coverage before the revolution enabled citizens to communicate with each other and share content online, and eventually move their revolutionary ideas from the virtual world to the streets of Egypt. Analysis shows that during the revolution, social media functioned as a political organizer, an alternative media, and a medium for citizen journalism. The study reveals that social media created an alternative public sphere for Egyptian activists, thus helping them communicate their ideas with the general public without restraints. In addition, social networks provided people with the opportunity and the freedom to discuss their country’s situation at all levels. Success of the revolution shows the important role social media plays as a means of information sharing. The study concludes that using social media networks helped the Egyptian revolution and had significant impact on the democratic transition in Egypt.
Parents of attitudes toward inclusion of students with disabilities in Omani schools
Authors: Alqaryouti Ibrahim A.
Published: November 2023

The present study attempts to identify the attitudes of parents of students with disabilities and without disabilities towards inclusion of students with disabilities in the Omani schools. In particular, it examines the effect of a number of variables on the attitudes of parents towards inclusion. The study sample consists of 622 parents of whom 236 are parents of students with disabilities, and 386 are parents of students without disabilities. The study uses a scale to measure parents’ attitudes towards inclusion in the Omani schools (Alqaryouti, Moosa & Husien, 2012). The results show a statistically significant differences between the attitudes of the two groups, in favor of the parents of students with disabilities. The results also demonstrate that there is a statistically significant difference in parents’ attitudes towards inclusion as a result of differences in parents’ educational levels. In contrast, the study does not reveal any effects for the other variables - age and type of guardian. The study makes a number of recommendations related to the subject.
Italian Diplomatic Documents related to Oman, and The Arabia Gulf and East Africa Study and Summary of Documents
Authors: Abdullkareem Nahed
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore and highlight the Italian Diplomatic Documents regarding Oman, in particular, and the Arabian Gulf and East Africa, in general, The study highlights these documents and the way they have been archived in the Historical Archive of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Rome in order to make them easily accessible. The study also presents key topics that are addressed in the diplomatic documents. The study browses samples of brief translations of selected documents which were translated by the researcher. The study shows that there are numerous Italian documents that are related to the area which is being studied in this research; the documents address important issues such as Arms trade, maritime traffic, and colonial rivalry in the region in addition to others; these documents constitute a real added value to the regions sources. Finally, the research emphasizes the need to explore and disclose these documents as what has been discovered is merely the first stage of the work.
An Analytical Study of the Pedagogical Views of Carl Czerny Dedicated for Piano Performing Skills
Authors: Haddad Rami , Al - Darras Nabil
Published: November 2023

Carl Czerny (1791-1857) was a composer and music educator who made nearly a thousand musical compositions. He was a piano performer, a teacher of the instrument and a theorist. His achievements in the field of education are considered a solid foundation to teach beginners and skilled performers. The study aims to shed some light on the educational point of view of Carl Czerny from a theoretical analytical perspective, in addition to highlighting the principles and methods developed by him that can provide and help both students and teachers to achieve their goals more effectively. The study brings out Czerny’s ideas, theories and methodology of teaching music in general, and learning to play the piano in particular. The researchers studied the most important educational principles developed by Carl Czerny in which he saw a basis for the process of learning to play the Instrument, and they managed to elaborate the methodology he created.
The impact of the live-in housemaids intervention in family affairs and in the interactive relationship between couples in the Kuwaiti society
Authors: Al-Saleh Amer
Published: November 2023

The aim of the present study is to clarify the effect of the intervention of live-in maids in the family affairs and especially in the interactive relationship between couples whether by revealing respect or by their position in quarrels. The maid is a key factor in the domestic life of the host family; she plays a role in the food preparation and the cleaning, gives medicine to the children, resolves their problems and helps with their homework. The method and methodology for this study was the social survey and stratified random sample application. A questionnaire was used for the current study to collect data from 1,800 families consisting of a husband and a wife who live with the maid in the same house. The statistical package that was used in this study was SPSS for analyzing the collected data applying statistical equations such as the Independent Sample T-test for the two independent samples of the husbands and wives. Additionally, the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and the Post Hoc Multiple Comparison for Observed Means for comparisons between the averages of arithmetical means of the data of the study were used to investigate the effect of independent variables. The scale for the independent variable related to the maid’s interference in the family affairs included three levels as follows: (a –high intervention b – medium intervention c-absolute no intervention). The purpose was to know the effect of the independent variable on the two dependent variables which are 1 -respect between spouses 2 – fights between spouses). The findings of the study suggest that there is a statistical significance between the feelings of respect between spouses as well as the quarrels between the couple and the live-in maid’s interference in family affairs. Finally, the study recommends that future studies and research shed more light on the various problems with house servants like crimes and theft.
Spatial variation of the levels of deprivation in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Abdel Ghani Montaser Ibrahim , Al Awadhi Talal Yousuf
Published: November 2023

In recent decades indicators and statistical methods have been developed to measure the levels of multiple deprivations in economic and social aspects. The aim is to identify the geographical areas which suffer from deprivation in some of these aspects, in order to know their developmental needs, and then to focus the support and development processes there. The most important indices that have evolved in this context are; the Jarman index, also known as the «Underprivileged Area Score», the «Townsend deprivation index», and the «Carstairs deprivation Index». Since the 1980s, the Carstairs deprivation index has become well-known, especially after it was used - with some modification - in the measurement of indices of deprivation in the countries of the United Kingdom by the «Social Disadvantages Research Center-SDRS» at the University of Oxford. This study aims to measure the levels of deprivation in the Sultanate of Oman using the Carstairs index, to discover the more and less deprived wilayates in the seven domains reflecting the social and economic status of the population, namely: education, skills, employment, health, housing, living environment, facilities and household appliances. These domains include fourteen variables, with data derived from the population census of Oman in 2010. The Carstairs index was calculated separately for every domain, which made it possible to determine the wilayats that are suffering from deprivation in these domains. Through the compilation of the Carstairs index values for all domains, it was possible to calculate the «Index of multiple deprivation in Oman». The results show that the most disadvantaged wilayats, according to this index are: Al Mazyounah, Mahawt, Ad Duqm, Al Jazer, Hayma, Shalim Wa Juzor Al Hallaniyat, Rakhyut, Dalkut, all of which are located in the Governorates of Al Wusta and Dhofar.
Dynamics of confrontation between popular mobilization and state In Jordan: An analytical social conflict approach
Authors: Horani Mohammad
Published: November 2023

This study aimed at analyzing the dynamics of confrontation between popular mobilization and state in Jordan from the sociological perspective of an analytical social conflict. It also concentrated on the factors that led to the emergence of popular mobilization and its Legitimacy and the variables that guided the peaceful confrontation between mobilization and state. The study results showed that economic deprivation was the main factor behid the emergence of the popular mobilization, and the political demands were emerged when the state didn’t achieve the economical Reforms , and the mobilization derives its legitimacy From its objective economical demands, the Arab revolutions and the concessions of the state which mean recognition of the Mobilization and its demands. Then the results showed that the mobilization was Fall back because of its lack of organization leadership and Ideology and the cleavages in the structure of national identity , but the conscious of the mobilization and its legitimacy may intense it again. Besides, The results indicated that the confrontation was included dialectical Relationship between the peaceful oriention of the state toward the mobilizations and the peaceful orientation of the mobilization from the other hand. This dialectical relationship constituted moral treaty between the two partisans stand out as safty valve against violence and polarization. After that, the study showed some Factors which, sometimes , provoked violence such as : the partisans, usage of violent power, and arrestation of mobilization’s activists . Then, the study showed that the confrontation was realistic , but didn’t occur substantial change in the social structure, However, it escalated the level of freedom, Raised the power of the street, and obtained the state and the society more flexibility and democracy. With regard to the theoretical approach, This study showed that the perspectives of analytical conflict are of complementarily nature, and it could be syenthesized to produce a new theoretical perspective.
Prosodic text analysis theory
Authors: Sakr Mohammed Gamal
Published: November 2023

Within the field of poetic text linguistics, the theories of both text linguistics and prosodic linguistics have failed to reveal the nature of the creation of the poetic text and the way it is received by people. This necessitates adopting a new theoretical framework that combines the two approaches by focusing on nine norms: domain rules, length and separation rules, paragraph and sentence rules, phrases and words rules, and syllable and sound rules. These rules should be used by anyone who compares between different poetic texts on the one hand, and between poetic and non-poetic texts on the other.
Egyptian Revolution and Its Impact on Work Values Among A Sample of Teachers in Assiut Governorate
Authors: ElBahnasawy Ahmed Kamal Abd Elwahab
Published: November 2023

This study aims to identify the difference on work values and its constituent dimensions according to some variables: study sample (first sample immediately after the revolution, second sample 3 years after the revolution), gender (male and female), urban vs. rural, and interactions between these variables among a sample of teachers in Assuit. Sample of the study (N= 1121) includes male and female teachers (first sample N= 641, second sample N=480). Results show significant differences between the two samples in management, setting, supervision relations, life styles, safety, autonomy, multiplicity, economic return and general work values on behalf of the first sample. However differences in altruism and status were recorded for the second sample. Gender differences were found only in management dimension for male teachers. No significant differences were found either due to rural vs. urban place of living, or the interaction between gender and place of living. Yet, significant differences were found due to the interaction between the two samples and gender on the general score of values and some of the dimensions (safety, status, autonomy and multiplicity).
Wife Abuse in the Omani Society: An Interdisciplinary Psycho-social Study
Authors: Al Fazari Manal Khasib Hamdan
Published: November 2023

This interdisciplinary study aims at examining people’s attitudes towards wife abuse in Omani society and identifying a specific concept for wife abuse. For the purpose of this study, a specific questionnaire that addresses specific psychological and social aspects was designed based on other scales. The questionnaire was administered to (336) married men and women from all regions around Oman. For the purpose of this study, it was important to measure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire for use in the Omani context. The validity of the questionnaire was measured using face validity and factor analysis validity. To measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach ‘s alpha coefficient was used. Results of factor analysis revealed that the questionnaire consisted of four factors: psychological abuse, harm, insult and humiliation, and control and domination. Results of this research helped identify a specific concept of wife abuse in Omani culture and design a psycho-social measure to examining the attitudes towards wife abuse in Omani society
Phonological awareness and spatial visual memory among sample of dyslexic children
Authors: Huwailah Amsal Hadi , Abu Al Diyar Masad Naghah
Published: November 2023

This study aims to identify the relationship between phonological awareness and spatial visual memory, as well as, to detect the differences between Kuwaiti males and females and non-Kuwaitis with regard to reading learning difficulties in certain variables. The study adopts a comparative descriptive approach and uses sample of 350 primary students (3-5 grades) with reading learning difficulties (200 males and 150 females) Kuwaitis and non-Kuwaitis. Their ages ranged between 8- 10 years. Phonological awareness test and spatial visual memory test are applied. The findings of the study show that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the components of phonological awareness tests (syllable & phoneme deletion test and non-word reading accuracy test) and between spatial visual memory tests (Forward Spatial Span Test and Backward Spatial Span Test) from males and females sample. There are no significant differences between males and females in phonological awareness skills (phoneme deletion test, and non-word reading accuracy test). Females show better performance than males in spatial visual memory tasks (Forward Spatial Span Test and Backward Spatial Span Test). Non-Kuwaitis show better performance than Kuwaitis in phonological awareness skills (syllable & phoneme deletion, and non-word reading accuracy test) and in spatial visual memory tasks (Forward Spatial Span Test and Backward Spatial Span Test). The results of the regression suggested that the integration of sounds is the only test that can predict reading disabilities. As (syllable & phoneme deletion, and t non-word reading accuracy test) are the most predictable of spatial visual memory.
Female Life Expectancy Rates and Factors Affecting them: An Analytical-Quantitative Study
Authors: Karadsheh Muneer Abdallah , Al-Mahrooqi Rahma Ibrahim , Al-Madailwi Shaikha Hamed
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to detect the expectations of life expectancy of women since birth according to the diversity of the communities and to examine the most important social, cultural, economic, and demographic determinants. These have been identified as: the proportion of annual population increase, rates of infant mortality, the rate of the crude death, the rate of population density per cubic meter, the population of the state, the period during which the population doubles, the total fertility rate, the rate of birth control use, the level of individual income, the proportion of youth in the community (population less than 15 years), and the rate of urbanization. The study relied on the annual global data for 242 countries provided by the United Nations for all countries in the world which is known as the World Population Data Sheet. The study found that females live longer than males, and variables such as infant mortality, the proportion of youth in a community, the rate of crude mortality, total fertility of women and rate, and the relative use of birth control methods in the community, all play an influential role in determining the levels of the woman’s life expectancy.
Qualifying Human Resources for Building a Knowledge Economy in Arab Countries through Continuing Education
Authors: Mohamed Eid Hala Fawzi
Published: November 2023

The study aimed at finding a strategy for qualifying human resources in Arab countries in order to fulfill the requirements for building the knowledge economy in those countries. The study also discussed the concept of the knowledge economy, its requirements, its availability in the Arab countries, and the role of continuing education as a tool for the development of human resources which represents one of the requirements of building a knowledge economy. In light all this, the study proposed a future strategy for building a knowledge economy in Arab countries by activating the role of continuing education. The study used descriptive, critical, and analytical approaches to achieve the study objectives.
The Relationship of Social, Economic and Psychological Factors to Domestic Violence against Children in the region of Al-Jawf of Saudi Arabiatic
Authors: Al-Quisi Salim , Sharari AbdelMohsen
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to identify the relationship of social, economic and psychological factors to the domestic violence against children in the region of Jawf Saudi Arabia. The study sample consisted of 150 educational advisors in the public schools. The study showed that there is a statistically significant relationship to social and psychological factors in physical, psychological and negligence violence against children in the region of Jawf Saudi Arabia, while economic factors showed insignificant effect. The most important implications of violence against children are as follow: Lack of self-confidence, introverted and not responding to any exciting, anxiety, fear, appearance neglect, aggression, desire for revenge, stubbornness, various injuries because of the lack of care and supervision, isolation, insecurity, hatred, shame, and smoking cigarettes. The study recommended proper family upbringing methods based on democracy compatible with our Islamic religion instead of the authoritarian upbringing methods in order to avoid the practice of domestic violence against children.
Rise and fall of Maritime Hubs in Pre-Islamic Arabia
Authors: Al Garoo Asmahan
Published: November 2023

Since prehistoric times, the geography of the Arabian Peninsula had a great impact on the growth and development of centers of civilization and maritime hubs. Indeed, starting from the third millennium BC, a number of urban centers of civilization have emerged in the Arab region such as Mesopotamia, Magān (old name of Oman), Dilmun (Bahrain), Pharaonic Egypt, Phoenicia, the Nabataeans, and the ancient South Arabia (Yemen) where such centers reached a high level of development and growth. Arab trade reached a peak in the 1st millennium BC due to the commerce of frankincense and myrrh. The Arabs, who had mastered sea navigation through geographical and astronomical knowledge and had a great experience of maritime routes as well as the secrets of the monsoon and boat industry, dominated the vast eastern trade. During the fourth century AD, the world began to see signs of serious conflicts with religious dimensions and huge political and economic consequences. Furthermore, the lucrative Arab trade of incense lost its importance because of the demise of paganism in the Middle East and Europe. With the emergence of Islam, the Arabs regained their lost maritime domination in the Indian Ocean.
Research Centers in Saudi Arabia “the present and hopeful realities and merits": A theoretical study
Authors: Al-Maizar Hind
Published: November 2023

During the 1960s, the Arab countries began to establish specialized research centers such as the National Center for Social and Criminal Research in Egypt. And according to the latest report from the University of Pennsylvania in 2015, the number of research centers in Arab countries varied and showed a kind of disparity in numbers. Although Saudi Arabia possesses the financial, physical, economic, political, and societal components that help to create large numbers of research centers at a high level, it ranks 15th among Arab countries and has only four research centers. This raises the question about: What are the present realities and future hopes of research centers in Saudi Arabia? So, this current study focuses on: the number of research centers in Western countries in comparison to Arab countries, the reality of research centers in Saudi Arabia, and the obstacles facing the establishment of research centers in the country and in the Gulf countries. It also provides a set of proposals that may lead to an increase in the number of research centers in Saudi Arabia, the issues to be studied by such research centers, and the future vision for decision-makers. The results of the study show the small number of research centers in Saudi Arabia in particular and the Gulf countries in general compared to foreign countries. They also show that the United States of America obtained the first rank among other Western countries and Egypt ranked first among Arab countries.
Breaking desire : a study of the use of metaphorin Mohamed al-Yehyai `s novel Hawd al shahawat
Authors: Arous Besma
Published: November 2023

This study aims to examine the use of metaphor and its role in revealing the deep and hidden messages in Mohamed Al-Yehyai’s novel “ Hawd al-Shahawat “(Desire Basin). Analyzing the metaphors in their contexts leads to a deeper understanding of the relation between them and the “personal myth” and other concepts such as the collective unconscious and collective myth. These metaphors are pertinent in the novel and are used very effectively to connect various components and strengthen its heterogeneity and narrative continuity. Analysis of the metaphor of ‘Basin’ reveals that the use of metaphor is the appropriate approach to reach an in-depth interpretation of the text.
Attitudes of University Students towards the "New History of Bahrain and Citizenship" Course in view of Some Variables
Authors: Al-Mezaal Sharaf Mohammed
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is to measure the attitudes of Bahrain University (BU) students towards the "New History of Bahrain and Citizenship" Course and to show differences in students' attitudes based on certain variables developed specifically for this study. To achieve this, the author developed a 50-item questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale, based on literature review available on this field, with half of the questionnaire items worded negatively. Adequate methods were used to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The developed tool was then administered to 220 students enrolled in the above-mentioned course in the summer semester of the academic year 2015/2016. Overall, the findings of the study show that BU students demonstrated positively-oriented neutral attitudes towards the said course. Moreover, the findings show statistically significant differences in students' attitudes towards the "New History of Bahrain and Citizenship" Course.  This can be attributed to the average time students spend at home to study the course and to the section which the students register in. No statistically significant differences, however, were observed between students' attitudes that could be attributed to gender, college, year of study and grade point average (GPA). In view of this, it is recommended that the course specifications are to be reconsidered, and the methods of teaching and assessment be improved. Students should also be encouraged to connect the course to their real life.
Emotional Intelligence Skills and Life Orientation in College of Education Students at Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Mohamed , Al Nabhani Hilal Zaher , Al Said Taghreed Turki
Published: November 2023

The results of many scientific studies indicate the importance of emotional intelligence in different aspects of life (professional and educational life). Therefore, educational institutions paid attention to it and this interest is represented in the development of its programs to include the emotional and social aspects. The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between emotional intelligence skills and the trend toward life, and to indicate whether the trend towards life can be predicted through emotional intelligence skills, and which of these skills are more significant in influencing the direction of life. The measurement tools were (Emotional Intelligence Skills Scale - A measure of the direction towards life). The research sample consisted of (210) students from the College of Education at Sultan Qaboos University in the academic year 2016-2017. The results of the study indicated that there is a statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence skills and life orientation. The value of (P) was 15.343. which is a statistical function at the level of (0.01), indicating the effectiveness of predicting the impact of emotional intelligence skills, which is the subject of research on the trend towards life. The results also show that the skill (understanding others’ emotions interacting with others) was the most influential factor in the direction of life.