APPLICATION OF EARLY ENTERAL AND PARENTERAL NUTRITION TO CRITICALLY PATIENTS
Authors: Pakaya Nasrun , Lapagulu Fatra , Suleman Ibrahim , Yunus Jerwati 
Published: August 2022

Pemberian  nutrisi pada pasien dengan perawatan kritis umumnya diberi nutrisi secara Enteral dan Nutrisi Parenteral total (TPN). Nutrisi sangat diperlukan dimana dalam beberapa kasus pemberian makanan enteral tidak memungkinkan dan energi target tidak terpenuhi dengan pemberian makanan enteral, sehingga perlu dialihkan ke nutrisi parenteral terutama pada keadaan ketidakstabilan hemodinamik yang parah, obstruksi usus, perdarahan saluran cerna bagian atas, muntah parah atau diare. Kebaruan dalam penelitian ini karena meneliti penerapan early enteral and parenteral nutrition terhadap pasien kritis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan nutrisi dini secara enteral dan parenteral pada pasien kritis. Metode pencarian artikel menggunakan PICOT  (Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) untuk mempermudah pencarian framework di database, google scholar dibatasi rentang 10 tahun terakhir yakni 2010 -2020 dan didapatkan 11 jurnal yang bersumber dari Jurnal Internasional. Hasil penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 7 jurnal menjelaskan bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian nutrisi enteral dan parenteral terhadap protein dan kalori pada pasien kritis, sebanyak 2 arikel jurnal membahas pengaruh  pemberian nutrisi enteral dan parenteral terhadap makronutrien pasien kritis, sebanyak 1 artikel jurnal yang menjelaskan bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian nutrisi enteral dan parenteral terhadap Glukosa, Lipid, Asam Amino pasien kritis, sebanyak 1 arikel jurnal membahas pengaruh  pemberian nutrisi enteral dan parenteral terhadap indeks masa tubuh pasien kritis dan sebanyak 1 arikel jurnal membahas pengaruh  pemberian nutrisi enteral dan parenteral terhadap lama hari rawat pasien kritis. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu pemberian nutrisi dini secara enteral dan parenteral dapat dikombinasikan untuk meningkatkan nutrisi pada pasien kritis.Kata Kunci: Enteral Dini; Parenteral Dini; Pasien Kritis.AbstractNutrition for critical care patients is generally given enteral nutrition and total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Nutrition is urgently needed where in some cases enteral feeding is not possible and energy targets are not met by enteral feeding, so it is necessary to switch to parenteral nutrition, especially in conditions of severe hemodynamic instability, intestinal obstruction, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, severe vomiting or diarrhea. The novelty of this study is that it examines the application of early enteral and parenteral nutrition to critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of early enteral and parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients. The article search method uses PICOT (Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) to facilitate the search for frameworks in the database, Google Scholar is limited to the last 10 years, namely 2010-2020 and obtained 11 journals sourced from International Journals. The results of the study found 7 journals explaining that there was an effect of giving enteral and parenteral nutrition on protein and calories in critical patients, 2 people discussed the effect of nutrition and parenteral on critical macronutrients, 1 journal article explained that there was an effect of giving enteral and parenteral nutrition on Glucose, Lipids, Amino Acids in critically ill patients, 1 journal article discusses the effect of nutrition and parenteral administration on critical body mass index and 1 journal article discusses the effect of nutrition and parenteral administration on length of stay for critically ill patients. The conclusion of this study is that early enteral and parenteral nutrition can be combined to improve nutrition in critically ill patients.