bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediación tecnológica como herramienta de aprendizaje de la lectura y escritura
Authors: Molano Caro Gladys
Published: July 2017

Este artículo da a conocer el avance que se ha tenido en la construcción de una mediación tecnológica para la adquisición, uso y desarrollo de la lectura y la escritura a partir del Método Afectivo Cognitivo para el Aprendizaje –MACPA-. Un desarrollo como el que se está proponiendo, es una opción para que los niños, niñas y jóvenes favorezcan, activen, promuevan, desarrollen y/o incrementen el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura. Así mismo, se constituye en una opción a tener en cuenta ante los resultados alcanzados en las prueba PISA y los reportes de casos, cada vez  más frecuentes por parte de los profesores, acerca de que los estudiantes de primaria no realizan producción de textos de manera espontánea ni dirigida; así como no logran avanzar en los niveles de comprensión lectora. Teniendo en cuenta este contexto, se abordan los resultados parciales alcanzados en el avance de la segunda fase de la investigación que tiene como objetivo implementar una mediación tecnológica multiplataforma basada en el MACPA como recurso educativo para potenciar los procesos de lectura y escritura en los estudiantes de los cursos primero a cuarto de educación básica. En consecuencia, a través del artículo se encontrará la base sobre la cual se construyó el software de lectura y escritura que tiene en cuenta la particularidades de aprendizaje de estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual,  de problemas de aprendizaje y de los  estudiantes que a pesar de no haber evidenciado ninguna dificultad, en sus procesos de aprendizaje académico, requieren de un método novedoso que acelere su aprendizaje. 
El aprendizaje-servicio (APS) como estrategia para educar en ciudadanía
Authors: Pérez Galván Luis Manuel , Ochoa Cervantes Azucena De la Concepción
Published: July 2017

Formar para la ciudadanía activa implica la posibilidad que tienen  las personas de participar en los asuntos públicos para adquirir las competencias ciudadanas.  Por ello resulta indispensable promover la participación de los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) en los asuntos públicos comunitarios, generando una participación genuina, autentica y comprometida. A este respecto, los proyectos de Aprendizaje – Servicio (APS) han resultado ser una metodología que promueve y estimula la participación de los NNA, uniendo el aprendizaje basado en la experiencia, los contenidos curriculares y el compromiso social, permitiéndoles ser protagonistas activos al implicarse en las necesidades de su entorno con la finalidad de mejorarlo. A partir de lo anterior se realizó la aplicación de un proyecto de APS en un grupo de 30 alumnos (12 mujeres y 18 hombres) de tercer grado de una escuela secundaria de la zona metropolitana de Querétaro, México. Para recopilar la información se utilizó la observación participante y el diario de campo para el registro de lo acontecido durante el proyecto así como la aplicación de una rúbrica de evaluación de proyectos de APS. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes participaron de manera genuina, siendo un tipo de participación proyectiva puesto que se convirtieron en agentes responsables del proyecto, interviniendo en todas sus fases y tomando decisiones sobre todos los aspectos relevantes del mismo, actividades que son consideradas base para la construcción de la ciudadanía activa.
Las ciencias sociales en la Universidad, encrucijada y desafíos desde la antropología
Authors: Juncosa José E.
Published: July 2017

Las carreras vinculadas con las ciencias sociales de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana son espacios privilegiados para hacer posibles los desafíos que entraña la misión institucional. Sin embargo, se desarrollan en medio de una conciencia generalizada de crisis que se expresa en la baja demanda, en comparación con otras ofertas académicas, y en dificultades curriculares para identificar los enfoques más adecuados, síntomas comunes de las mismas carreras de otras universidades. Los factores que explican el cuadro no se originan solo en causas internas sino en elementos contextuales más amplios que es necesario explorar e investigar con mayor profundidad. El sentimiento de perplejidad atraviesa la totalidad de las ciencias humanas y sociales y está, cada vez más, presente en la reflexión latinoamericana cuyos aportes intentan plantear balances más o menos amplios muchos de ellos referidos a la crisis de la antropología, lugar desde el cual formularé la presente contribución intentando ampliar la discusión al conjunto de las ciencias sociales.
Ética mundial y cooperación al desarrollo
Authors: García Roca Joaquín
Published: July 2017

El futuro de la cooperación al desarrollo depende, en buena medida, de su capacidad de confrontarse con la ética mundial que se despliega como horizonte de expectativas y posibilidades en función de un mundo único,1 como utopíaenergía para la promoción y activación de alternativas en función de un mundo justo2 y como freno de emergencia que advierte de los peligros y encubrimientos, que encierra la actual organización social.
El manejo del discurso educativo en el aula
Authors: Terán Parral Estela
Published: July 2017

A través de mi vida estudiantil y luego como docente, he comprobado la repercusión que tienen palabras, mensajes y vivencias, que, día a día, se fraguan en nuestras aulas. Es así que continúo cuestionándome el rumbo de la educación, tanto como su sentido en la formación de seres humanos. He sido obsecuente al célebre Einstein que dice, "la cuestión es no parar de cuestionar". Por ello a través de esta presentación deseo comprender la vida y mi camino como una permanente indagación, una búsqueda de certezas en medio de incertidumbres. Estos son pasos ontológicos de mi vocación para encontrarme a mí misma y la procura de una práctica de lo deontológico, siempre errante en mi conciencia. "Porque la elección ética está en todas partes y en todos los momentos".
La irracionalidad de lo racionalizado. Una crítica desde la materialidad ética
Authors: Villegas Luis Fernando
Published: July 2017

Durante algún tiempo hemos venido intercambiando algunas ideas y reflexiones, en la Carrera de Comunicación, referentes a la necesidad de pensar y repensar críticamente el ámbito de la ética y su relación con la comunicación. Todos los sectores afirman la necesidad de formar, pensar y actuar éticamente. Sin embargo, no queda claro qué mismo es esto de la ética. Todos sostienen que para poder enfrentar la situación en la que nos encontramos debemos asumir nuestras responsabilidades éticas. Pero ¿qué queremos decir con ésto? También, los organismos multilaterales se han unido a este pedido. Sostienen que nuestros países son de los más "corruptos", y que a ello se deben nuestros niveles de pobreza y "subdesarrollo".
La educación intercultural bilingüe en la encrucijada global: Currículo intercultural y aprendizaje multicultural
Authors: Valiente-Catter Teresa
Published: July 2017

Vivimos en un mundo de cambios precipitados. A través de la interconexión global nos sumergimos en las potencialidades de la diversidad cultural en la resolución de problemas de la vida cotidiana, del conocimiento, la técnica y la investigación. La identidad cultural estema de discusión en foros y congresos nacionales e internacionales, y problemas tales como exclusión social, supervivencia ecológica, protección del clima, derechos ciudadanos pueden ser difícilmente entendidos solamente desde una perspectiva nacional o regional, o solucionados con respuestas únicas. Los sistemas educativos redefinen sus propuestas. El aprendizaje con enfoque global, es decir, el manejo de conocimientos adquiridos en relación con una práctica de valores y orientado a estructuras interrelacionadas a fin de poder actuar apropiadamente se impone en sociedades multiculturales modernas.
Movilizaciones del Sur frente a la crisis alimentaria
Authors: Delcourt Laurent
Published: July 2017

"Creemos que a esta crisis alimentaria hay que darle un nombre más exacto. Todavía no damos con ese nombre. Pero no es una crisis de alimentos, es una crisis de valores en las empresas transnacionales, en los gobiernos y en la cooperación internacional", Sinforiano Cáceres, presidente de la Federación nacional de cooperativas, Nicaragua (Envío, 2008). Primer semestre 2008. El Sur es sacudido por una ola de manifestaciones populares vio- lentas como consecuencia del alza espectacular de los precios de los alimentos.
La construcción del sistema de soberanía alimentaria y nutrición del Ecuador
Authors: Rosero Fernando
Published: July 2017

El nuevo paradigma de la soberanía alimentaria surgió a mediados de la década de los noventa como propuesta de las organizaciones campesinas de América Central ante el proceso de desestructuración de las agriculturas familiares de la región. Si bien este proceso se profundizó con la ayuda alimentaria de la cooperación internacional ante los huracanes y la violencia generados por la naturaleza y los humanos, ya se había dado por la presencia de productos alimentarios subsidiados provenientes de los países industrializados y vendidos localmente a bajos precios, configurando verdaderas estrategias de dumping.
Sumak kawsay en la Constitución ecuatoriana de 2008
Authors: Ortiz Pablo
Published: July 2017

Cuando se aprobó la Constitución de 1998, la sensación incierta de haber logrado algo invadió los círculos intelectuales y políticos cercanos a algunos movimientos sociales, en particular, al movimiento indígena. Los derechos colectivos junto a ciertos principios, insertos en la parte dogmática, constituyeron sin duda un avance, pero quedó la duda cuando otras disposiciones, incluyendo transitorias, posibilitaron varias reformas legales e institucionales acordes a las prioridades de las políticas de ajuste neoliberal.
La motivación y el aprendizaje
Authors: Carrillo Mariana , Padilla Jaime , Rosero Tatiana , Sol Villagómez María
Published: July 2017

Si bien es cierto, que los resultados del aprendizaje dependen en gran medida de los conocimientos, habilidades y valores adquiridos o desarrollados previamente por los educandos; es indudable que también obedecen a la calidad del docente; es decir que, tanto los aprendizajes previos, cuanto la calidad del profesor constituyen los fundamentos del aprendizaje. Por otra parte, psicólogos y educadores, sociólogos y pedagogos, entre otros especialistas relacionados directamente con el quehacer educativo coinciden en señalar que el desempeño escolar pende, en gran medida, del grado o nivel de motivación que posea el estudiante.
Demandas sociales del sector educativo a la UPS
Authors: Raza Calderón Nelson
Published: July 2017

La inteligencia, la creatividad, la formación en valores, los talentos y capacidades...pueden ser desarrollados en todos los niños y niñas ecuatorianos través de un proceso educativo de calidad. Partiendo de esta premisa, el propósito central de esta investigación es conocer si la gestión del docente de educación básica, es efectiva, pertinente y en qué medida contribuye a mejorar la calidad educativa de este nivel.
The Effectiveness of the Experimental Method of Control in the Physical Education of Students of Special Medical Groups with Cardiovascular Diseases on the State of Psychophysiological Functions
Authors: Koryahin V. M. , Blavt O. Z.
Published: July 2017

The objective is the dynamics of psychophysiological functions of students of special medical group with cardiovascular diseases under the influence of the experimental control technique in their physical education is carry through analyze. Materials & methods: to solve the research problems, the methods of empirical level: pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing: methods of testing psychophysiological functions, instrumental methods, methods of mathematical statistics were used. In the experiment, 40 special medical groups student (in equal numbers of girls and boys) participated in the experiment with cardiovascular diseases, which have the character of functional changes, without organic damage to the heart.Results: the study of psychophysiological functions the students in special medical group according to targeted correction of funds by type of diseases, which makes it possible to take into account individual and typological features of the influence of cardiovascular diseases on their dynamics under the influence of physical education, for the first time has been practically realized. A positive dynamics of the state of their psycho-physiological functions the results of the pedagogical experiment on checking the effectiveness of the experimental control methodology in the physical education of students of special medical group with cardiovascular diseases have established.Conclusions: is to use the proposed control methodology, which helps to ensure the effectiveness of physical education of students with cardiovascular diseases it is proved expedient. On the basis of the results of the study, the effectiveness of the purposeful correction of pedagogical influences in the course of physical education on the basis of permanent control was established.
Informative Indicators of 14-15 Years’ Age Boys’ Motor Fitness
Authors: Ivashchenko Olga , Kapkan Olena , Khudolii Oleg , Yermakova Tetiana
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the research is to determine informative indicators for in-group and intra-group control of 14 and 15 years’ age boys’ motor fitness. 
Material & methods: in the research 112 schoolchildren participated: 14 years’ age (n=44), 15 year’ age (n=68). The materials of the research were processed in program of statistical analysis IBM SPSS 20. Factorial analysis as well as discriminant were fulfilled. 
Results of the research: it was found that for control of motor fitness the most informative indicators were indicators of static power endurance and physical condition. It was also found that results of test “keeping angle on parallel bars” made the highest contribution in function’s change and the closest correlation with the function. 
Conclusions: 14 years’ boys have better indicators of static and relative strength than 15 years’ age boys. It points at the fact that in 15 years’ age sharp changes of body mass, weight as well as reduction of motor functioning are the reasons of lagging behind. The received data witness that factorial and discriminant analysis can be methodological base for determination of tests’ in-group and intra-group informational potential. For comprehensive control of motor fitness  test “Keeping of angle on parallel bars” can be recommended.
Algorithm to automatically quantify maxillary sinus using computed tomography images v1
Authors: Guilherme Giacomini MSc. , MSc. Ana Luiza Menegatti Pavan not provided , PhD. João Maurício Carrasco Altemani not provided , PhD. Sergio Barbosa Duarte not provided , PhD. Carlos Magno Castelo Branco Fortaleza not provided , PhD. José Ricardo de Arruda Miranda not provided , PhD. Diana Rodrigues de Pina* not provided
Published: July 2017

Description of theautomated tool, which was developed for quantifying the total and air-free volume of the maxillary sinus based on computed tomography images. The quantification tool seeks to standardize maxillary sinus volume measurements, thus allowing better comparisons and determinations of factors that influence maxillary sinus size. The automated tool utilized image processing techniques. Please contact PhD. Diana Rodrigues de Pina (drpina@fmb.unesp.br) for additional information regarding this protocol.
Mathematical Modeling of Dynamics of the Number of Specimens in a Biological Population Under Changing External Conditions on the Example of the Burzyan Wild-Hive Honeybee (Apismellifera L., 1758)
Authors: Ибрагимова Л.С. , Ibragimova L.S.
Published: July 2017

The usage of a non-autonomous discrete model (Ricker model) for describing the dynamics of a biological population is considered. It is shown that
in case of periodic changes in parameters, the model can be reduced into equivalent autonomous system. The problems of determining the model parameters
in a situation where these parameters depend on time are discussed. As an application, the problem of mathematical modeling of the dynamics
of the number of families of the natural population of the Burzyan wild-hive honeybee living on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan
is considered. The results convincingly demonstrate the fact that the dynamics of the Burzyan Wild-Hive Honeybee is significantly influenced
by a combination of natural factors. For example the sum of the precipitation in February is particularly significant here (in particular,
the increase in precipitation affects the number of bees negatively) and the temperature values in March, April and June.
O ódio: “uma potência não igualável”: representação do mal político em Aprender a rezar na era da técnica
Authors: Franz Marcelo
Published: July 2017

A ficção de resistência, fundamentada na experiência do trauma e na percepção do primado do mal como práxis política, continua tendo atualidade e universalidade. Com suas tramas um tanto distópicas, situadas num espaço-tempo indefinido, mas que propositalmente evocam as experiências do período dos totalitarismos da Europa na primeira metade do século XX, os livros da série “O reino”, de Gonçalo M. Tavares, apontam para a atemporalidade desses problemas. Propomo-nos a observar, na análise de Aprender a rezar na era da técnica, nuances e detalhes da concretização disso, numa aproximação com os conceitos de violência de Estado, de Walter Benjamin, e de “biopolítica”, de Giorgio Agamben.
O mal como princípio de desordem em Edgar Allan Poe
Authors: Gabriel Maria Alice Ribeiro
Published: July 2017

O problema filosófico do mal constitui um tema recorrente na literatura. A ideia de uma propensão humana ao mal, resultando em uma forma de desvario é mencionada diversas vezes na ficção de Edgar Allan Poe. O mal proveniente de fonte externa é elemento secundário nos contos de Poe, porém o mal resultante de um tipo de insanidade moral é frequente. Este artigo pretende analisar como este preceito foi integrado pelas primeiras narrativas de Poe, particularmente em “Bon-Bon”. O objetivo é demonstrar que o mal, enquanto corrupção moral da natureza humana, não é assunto exclusivo das obras mestras de Poe, mas igualmente de suas obras cômicas iniciais.
Bem-aventurados os que podem impunemente praticar o mal: “A causa secreta”, de Machado de Assis
Authors: Rodrigues André Luis
Published: July 2017

O artigo dedica-se à leitura do conto “A causa secreta”, de Machado de Assis, buscando discernir alguns dos “níveis de realidade” (Italo Calvino) presentes na narrativa. A crueldade, a agressividade e a maldade são, por assim dizer, decantadas pelo escritor na figura de Fortunato, que pode exercê-las sob o disfarce do altruísmo e, dada a sua condição social, sem qualquer receio de castigo ou sanção, mas também se deixam entrever, modificadas para além de qualquer reconhecimento imediato e com consequências muito diversas, em vários aspectos da vida e das ações humanas formalizadas no conto. É assim que podem ser divisadas, com base no conceito freudiano de “pulsão de morte”, na origem da curiosidade de Garcia, que é também compartilhada pelos leitores, ou na própria criação e fruição estética, em que estão envolvidos escritor e leitor.
O Fervoroso Fausto de "A Vestal!", de Álvaro do Carvalhal
Authors: Variani Fernando Vidal , Nery Antonio Augusto
Published: July 2017

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer um possível modo de compreender o desenvolvimento da personagem Fausto no conto “A Vestal!”, de Álvaro do Carvalhal (1844-1868), especificamente no que tange às relações entre essa personagem e o que entendemos como uma possível representação do mal na narrativa. De acordo com Maria do Nascimento Oliveira (1949-), “A Vestal!” é um conto em estilo “realista romântico” que trata, principalmente, de um conflito mal resolvido entre “matéria” e “espírito”. Baseando-nos nas proposições de Georges Bataille (1897-1962) acerca do universo literário como um campo de experimentação das emoções humanas regido por uma “hipermoral” (não pela ausência de moral), propomos que, em “A Vestal!”, bem como em toda a obra de Carvalhal, todos os jogos contraditórios estabelecidos (e até mesmo superexplicitados) tendem não apenas à complementaridade que constitui um único sistema de pensamento, mas também a causar consideráveis oscilações e imbricamentos entre aqueles que, à primeira vista, poderiam parecer polos claramente opostos. Fausto, nessa perspectiva, pode figurar como uma personificação particularmente interessante dessas concepções, conforme pretendemos discutir neste artigo.
Simular, dissimular, esclarecer: o pensamento utópico de Francis Bacon entre a fábula e a proposta política
Authors: Moraes Helvio
Published: July 2017

Neste estudo, meu objetivo é investigar a presença do mito, ou da fábula, na gênese do pensamento utópico de Francis Bacon. A pergunta principal que faço pode ser assim apresentada: de que modo as noções avançadas pelo filósofo em escritos anteriores, concernentes ao significado e à importância do mito e da imaginação, estão presentes e ajudam a plasmar seu utopismo? Uma questão secundária seria: como podem ser compreendidas e como se relacionam as noções de “fábula”, “modelo de Estado” e “proposta utópica”, principalmente se levarmos em consideração a Nova Atlântida, seu texto utópico tout court? Serão analisados as ideias e os elementos que, partindo das releituras feitas pelo filósofo dos mitos da tradição clássica, vistos como resquícios de uma “sabedoria dos antigos”, participam na formação de seu pensamento utópico e, consequentemente, de seu texto ficcional de maturidade, a que denomino “fábula utópica”.
CHAVAUD, Frédéric; RAUCH, André; TSIKOUNAS, Myriam (Org.). Le sarcasme du mal. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2016.
Authors: Midouch Soumaya
Published: July 2017

Resenha: CHAVAUD, Frédéric; RAUCH, André; TSIKOUNAS, Myriam (Org.). Le sarcasme du mal. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2016.
GIORGI, Gabriel. Formas comuns: animalidade, literatura, biopolítica. Tradução de Carlos Nougué. Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, 2016. (Coleção Entrecríticas)
Authors: Scardino Rafaela
Published: July 2017

Resenha de Formas comuns: animalidade, literatura, biopolítica, de Gabriel Giorgi.
Extensive chemical burns in a child from misuse of cantharidin: a case report
Authors: Ward Chloé , Joo Jiyeh , Ramien Michele , Ying Yvonne
Published: July 2017

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is typically a benign and self-limited viral infection affecting the skin. When treatment of MC is re- quested, application of cantharidin in a physician’s office is generally a safe, effective and commonly used treatment option for MC. Its misuse, however, can result in rare but significant adverse outcomes. This case report details an unfortunate incident of a child who developed a severe chemical burn as a result of misuse of Cantharidin 1% – Podophyllin – Salicylic Acid (Canthacur-PS) for the treatment of MC. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of physician familiarity with the poxvirus infection, the indications to treat MC in immunocompetent children, and the various treatment options, including the safe administration and potential complications of cantharidin. In children, cantharidin can easily and safely be applied to lesions in a non-traumatic and controlled manner in the physician’s office. Caregiver education on the post-treatment management and early signs of potential complications may also prevent similar adverse outcomes from cantharidin misuse. RÉSUMÉ Le molluscum contagiosum (MC) est une infection virale généralement bénigne et spontanément résolutive affectant la peau. L’application de cantharidine dans un cabinet de médecin est une option thérapeutique sécuritaire, efficace et couramment utilisée pour traiter le MC. Toutefois, son mauvais usage peut entraîner des effets indésirables rares, mais importants. Cette étude de cas décrit l’incident malheureux d’un enfant ayant développé une brûlure chimique sévère en réponse à un mauvais usage de Canthacur-PS, qui contient de la cantharidine 1 %, de la podophylline et de l’acide salicylique, pour le traitement du MC. En outre, elle met en évidence l’importance pour les médecins de bien connaître cette infection au poxvirus, les indications de traitement du MC chez les enfants immunocompétents, et les options de traitement disponibles, incluant l’administration sécuritaire et les complications possibles de la cantharidine. Chez les enfants, la cantharidine peut facilement être appliquée aux lésions de manière sécuritaire, contrôlée et non traumatique dans un cabinet de médecin. La formation des soignants sur la prise en charge post-traitement et les signes précurseurs de complications possibles à la suite d’un mauvais usage de la cantharidine pourrait également aider à prévenir des effets indésirables similaires.
Study of p53 expression in premalignant squamous epithelial lesions of cervix
Authors: B. Divya , Nayak Ashwini U. , Honappa Sridhar
Published: July 2017

Background: Every year in India, 1,22,844 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 67,477 die from the disease. This study was done with the aim of studying the expression of p53 in pre-malignant squamous epithelial lesions of cervix.Methods: Patients coming to our institution who are undergoing biopsy for abnormal cytology/colposcopy were included in the study. Total of 39 patients were studied. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the p53 expression in cervical intra-epithelial lesions.Results: Out of 39 patients studied, p53 positivity was found in CIN 1 in38.5% cases, CIN 2 and CIN 3 in 80.75%.Conclusions: The present study has showed that p53 expression increased with increasing severity of Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and this fact can be used in clinical practice to identify those patients who require more surveillance.
Factors influencing development of trans urethral resection of prostate (TURP) syndrome in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with various co morbid medical illness: a prospective study
Authors: K. J. Narayanan , V. P. Kannan
Published: July 2017

Background: The aim of this prospective study is to analyse the factors influencing development of trans urethral resection of prostate (TURP) syndrome in benign Prostatic hyperplasia patients with various co morbid medical illness in Thanjavur Medical College Hospital, from February 2015 to January 2017.Methods: This prospective study was done among 38 benign hyperplasia prostate patients with various co morbid medical illness underwent TURP. Pre-operative and post-operative serum sodium levels correlated with signs and symptoms developed in various prostate gland sizes, resection times and volume of irrigation fluids.Results: Sodium level has gone down to 14 meq/L, gone up to 2 meq/L post-operatively. Major fluctuations in serum sodium was seen in prostate size more than 50 grams, resection time more than 40 mints, irrigant volume more than 24 litres. Mean sodium decrease was increased when gland size was increased, resection time was increased, irrigant volume was increased.Conclusions: In renal insufficiency patients, it is safe to complete the procedure within 40 minutes and restrict irrigant volume 15 litres, in coronary artery disease patients it is safe to restrict irrigant fluid volume less than 20 litres. In Diabetes Mellitus patients, it is safe to restrict irrigant fluid volume less than 24 litres. In hypertensive patients, it is safe to restrict the resection time less than 45 minutes. In patients with Diabetes and hypertension, it is safe to restrict the resection time less than 40 minutes and irrigant fluid less than 20 litres.
Ultrasound evaluation of pregnancies with oligohydramnios in third trimester and their feto-maternal outcome at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Tiparse Awdhut , Kalathiya Bhumika , Bajaj Preeti
Published: July 2017

Background: Oligohydramnios presents a threat to the fetus due to increased risk of the umbilical cord getting compressed and resulting in impaired blood flow to the fetus. The objective of the study was to find out the significance of oligohydramnios during third trimester of pregnancy.Methods: A hospital based prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sir T. Hospital, Bhavnagar. Amniotic fluid index (AFI) estimation was done on 60 pregnant women in third trimester, who were selected after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Women with AFI < 5 cm were taken as cases while women with AFI > 5 cm as controls.Results: Maximum number of the patients were belonging to 20-25-year age group in normal AFI, oligohydramnios and borderline oligohydramnios group. Incidence of malpresentation was significantly higher in oligohydramnios (20%), borderline oligohydramnios (17.5%). In oligohydramnios common, etiological factors were PIH (27.5%), idiopathic factor (27.5%), postdatism (12.5%) and IUGR (7.5%), while borderline oligohydramnios group is commonly associated with idiopathic factors (52.5%) followed by PIH (17.5%). Incidence of caesarean section was significantly higher in oligohydramnios group (67.5%) than normal AFI (18%). In borderline oligohydramnios group rate is significantly higher (45%) than normal AFI, but it is less as compared to oligohydramnios.Conclusions: Identification of oligohydramnios can be done by a good clinical examination and confirmed by measuring AFI on ultrasonography. Poor fetal outcome in the form of preterm, IUD, LBW, low APGAR score at 5 minute and increased chances of still birth, NICU admission and neonatal death are seen with oligohydramnios in third trimester and more so if it is detected in early third trimester. Chances of induction of labour and risk of LSCS also increase. Thus, detection of oligohydramnios helps in proper management of the cases so that maternal and perinatal outcome can be improved.
Neonatal small bowel obstruction due to malrotation: a clinical study
Authors: S. Srinivas , K. R. Reddy , T. A. Balraj , A. Gangadhar
Published: July 2017

Background:This study was done at Niloufer hospital and institute of child health, Hyderabad with an aim of evaluating the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, management and outcome of malrotation of intestines in the neonates.Methods: Cases of neonatal small intestinal obstruction due to malrotation presenting to the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Niloufer hospital over a period of two years were evaluated.Results: A total of 38 newborns presented to our department with intestinal obstruction due to malrotation. 3/38 patients presented with extensive gangrene of midgut. 4/38 patients died during the course of treatment.Conclusions: Malrotation is a relatively common cause of neonatal small bowel obstruction. A high index of suspicion is needed in neonates presenting with bilious vomiting. Early laparotomy prevents fatal complication of extensive gangrene due to midgut volvulus.
The impact of rater training on clinical outcomes assessment data: a literature review
Authors: Sadler Michael E. , Yamamoto Rinah T. , Khurana Laura , Dallabrida Susan M.
Published: July 2017

Rater training is a well-recognized approach to minimizing inaccuracy and variability in clinical outcomes assessments common in clinical trials. However, there is a dearth of empirical research on the types of rater training and qualifications that contribute to improved accuracy, inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability. Herein, we discuss the need for rater training in clinical trials and review publications that report data on rater characteristics, training modalities and outcomes in terms of accuracy and reliability of clinical outcomes data. 

 
Vitamin D status in children with autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: J Gomathi Priya , Venkatasamy Seenivasan , S Pyarejan Karamath , K. Jayachandran
Published: July 2017

Background: Deficiency of 25 hydroxyvitamin D has been linked with predisposition to autoimmune disorders. Also, vitamin D has been found to be a causal factor in many autoimmune diseases. Objective of the study was to investigate vitamin D status in children with autoimmune thyroiditis attending endocrinology OPD at a tertiary centre in southern India.Methods: It is a case control study done in which 75 children (70 female, 5 male) with age and sex matched healthy controls were chosen. Free thyroxine, TSH, anti TPOAb, anti TGAb, 25 hydroxyvitamin D, serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase levels were estimated in both cases and control subjects. Children with anti TPO or anti TG positivity were divided into four groups based on their level of antibody titers.Results: The mean age in cases was 9.8±0.34 years. 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in cases (15.07±1.14 ng/ml) compared to controls (17.82±1.13 ng/ml) (p<0.0006). Mean serum calcium levels in cases (9.35±0.16 mg/dl) were significantly lower when compared to controls (9.73±0.14 mg/dl) (p<0.0005). Similarly mean serum alkaline phosphatase level in cases (184.97±11.10 IU/L) were significantly elevated when compared with controls (122.37±6.82 IU/L) (p<0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in serum phosphorus levels between cases (4.42±0.10 mg/dl) and controls (4.43±0.14 mg/dl) (p=0.83). There was no significant difference in vitamin D level among the groups in both anti TPO (p< 0.283) and anti TG (p<0.148).Conclusions: The significant decrease in vitamin D levels in cases signifies that 25(OH)D may be an independent causal factor related to the autoimmunity in thyroid diseases.
Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy without stents: our experience
Authors: Raga Preeti S. , Waghre Amrith Laal
Published: July 2017

Background: Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The aims of the study were to assess the patency rate of endoscopic (ED DCR) using a technique similar to that described by McDonogh and Meiring but without the use of nasolacrimal silicone stents.

Methods: Endonasal dacryocysto-rhinostomies (ED DCRs) were performed without the use of silicone stents in 46 patients (20 male, 26 female). These patients were followed up for an average of eight months.  

Results: The procedure was successful in 86.95% of cases as measured by patient’s relief of symptoms and endoscopic visualization of a middle meatal ostium draining the lacrimal sac.

Conclusions: In our study ED DCR without stents had less complications and also a success rate of 86.95% achieved when compared with DCR with stents.
Effect of intravenous tranexamic acid on blood loss and blood transfusion in total knee replacement: a prospective, randomized study in Indian population
Authors: Kerakkanavar Shivakumar , Venkatesh Raghavendra , Gopinath K. M. , M. Pramodkumar
Published: July 2017

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is antifibrinolytic drug which has the property to reduce intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. There are several studies supporting the use of tranexamic acid in total knee replacements (TKR) and few in total hip replacements. Our study was intended to establish the effects of tranexamic acid in minimizing the intra operative and post-operative blood loss in uncomplicated primary total knee replacement.

Methods: This was a prospective follow up study conducted in Rajarajeshwari Medical College and Hospital Bangalore, over a period of 14 months from June 2015 to August 2016. A total number of 60 patients who underwent unilateral primary total knee replacement were included for this study. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group I patients infused (intravenous) with 20 mg/kg TXA before incision and 3 hours after surgery whereas no TXA was administered in Group II. Total blood loss and transfusion rate were used as outcome.

Results: Mean amounts of blood loss were 578 ml in Group 1 and 946 ml in Group 2. There was a decrease in blood loss in TXA groups (p<0.001). Transfusion was required in 6 patients of Group I and 17 patients of Group II (p<0.001). No thromboembolic problem was seen in any patients.

Conclusions: Since TXA decrease perioperative blood loss and lessen the need for blood transfusion significantly, without increasing thromboembolic events in TKR. We suggest using intravenous (IV) TXA in TKR. 
Evaluation of relationship between timing of surgery and functional outcome considering the extent of neurological deficit in patients with cauda equina syndrome secondary to lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Bharuka Anuj D. , Phunde Rajendra , Patel Hiren B.
Published: July 2017

Background: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare but severe neurological disorder most commonly due to lumbar disc herniation. The role of urgent surgery in improving the outcome of patients with CES remains controversial.

Methods: In the present study retrospective evaluation of 44 patients with CES secondary to lumbar disc herniation treated at our hospital between 2009 and 2017 has been done. The patients were categorized into complete (CES-R) and incomplete (CES-I) types of CES and the relationship between timing of surgery and outcome were evaluated.

Results: Out of 44 patients, 28 patients presented with CES-I and 16 patients presented with CES-R. In patients with CES-I there was statistically significant difference (p=0.0001) in all observed surgical outcome between the patients operated within 48 hrs and those operated after 48 hrs. In patients with CES-R, no correlation was found between onset of symptoms and timing of surgery as recovery was partial in all the patients except 3 who completely recovered, irrespective of their operative times. (p=0.494).

Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment in form of emergency decompressive surgery done within 48 hours of onset of autonomic symptoms in CES-I patients can prevent further neurological damage and deterioration to CES-R. For CES-R patients operating within 48 hours made no difference to their outcome. However, necessary investigations and planned surgery by skilful surgeon should be arranged as soon as is reasonably possible for patients with CES-R. 
A retrospective observational comparative study of VDRL vs. TPHA and their role in serodiagnosis of syphilis in a tertiary care centre
Authors: S. Sivakumar , K. Banupriya
Published: July 2017

Background: Syphilis is difficult to diagnose challenging the clinicians. Combined use of both non treponemal and treponemal serological tests will give correct diagnosis of syphilis.The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of VDRL and TPHA in the serodiagnosis of syphilis.

Methods: Open label retrospective study done in the department of dermatology of a tertiary care centre after getting IEC approval. One hundred and seventy patients’ serological reports done for syphilis during the month January 2017 to May 2017 were taken for the study and were analysed retrospectively after categorizing into three groups. Frequency and percentage of patients who were reactive to VDRL, weakly reactive to VDRL, positive for prozone phenomenon and reactive to TPHA were noted in each group and analysed statistically.

Results: In our study two cases showed biological false positive results in group 1 and three cases in group 3 were biological false reactors. In our study five patients in group 1 and three patients in group 3 were non-reactive to VDRL but were reactive to TPHA due to the presence of Ig G antibodies and all these patients gave a past history of treatment of syphilis.

Conclusions: Our study was successful in evaluating the role of TPHA and VDRL in the sero-diagnosis of syphilis. The VDRL and TPHA being simple and economical tests can be combined in the assessment of syphilis and ensures that no cases are missed.
Basic Clinical Characteristics and Hospital Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients-Sudan
Authors: AM Taha , HO Mirghani
Published: July 2017

Background: There are Variation in the presentation of the acute coronary syndrome between countries. The present study aimed to investigate the basic clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes among acute coronary syndrome patients in the Sudan.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study conducted among 202 consecutive acute coronary syndrome patients at a reference coronary care unit in Omdurman Teaching Hospital between July 2014 and August 2015. Participants signed a written informed consent, and then a case report form was filled. Information collected include vascular risk factors, vital signs, echocardiographic findings, and in Hospital complications. The local ethical committee approved the research, and the chi-square test was used to compare ST-segment Elevation (STSEACS) and None ST-Segment Elevation Acute coronary syndrome (NSTSEACS).Results: (out of 202 women (53.75%) in (NSEACS) P =0.009). Prior myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and, smoking were evident in 19.8%. 53.%, 30.2%, and 16.6% of acute coronary syndrome respectively, 97% of patients presented with chest pain, 54% presented to the hospital after 24 hours. Hypotension, heart failure, low ejection fraction, and in-hospital complications were more in (STSEACS) than (NSTSEACS), while (NSTEACS) patients received less Thrombolysis and Percutaneous coronary angioplasty P-value < 0.05Conclusions: Acute coronary syndrome patients were younger and had more complications than others in the West. ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients are more likely to develop in-hospital complications and to receive reperfusion therapy. The limitation of the study is the lack of follow-up information after discharge.
Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: L B Olokoba , O A Mahmud , F G Adepoju , A B Olokoba
Published: July 2017

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness worldwide. The associated loss of productivity and quality of life of the patients with diabetic retinopathy will lead to additional socioeconomic burden. This study aims to determine the level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross sectional study, was carried out at the Diabetic and Ophthalmology clinics of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria from November 2011 to July 2012. A total of 365 patients had validated, semi-structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaires to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical information and awareness of diabetic retinopathy. Results: A total of 365 patients were enrolled, with age between 19 and 90 years, and a mean of 45.8 ±16.3 years. The male to female ratio was 1: 2.2. Ninety-nine respondents (27.1%) had no education. The majority (30.4%) had only primary education; 21.1% had tertiary; 14.5% had secondary while 6.8% had Quranic education. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 14.1 ±13.09 years. Of the 365 patients with diabetes mellitus, 279(76.4%) had heard that diabetes mellitus affects the eyes, while 86(23.6%) had not. Of those who had heard, 221(79.2%) heard it from health personnel, 45(16.1%) from radio/television, 25(9.0%) from internet, 23(8.2%) from books/newspapers, while 16(5.7%) heard from other sources.Conclusion: There was a high level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy amongst the patients. However, the high level of awareness of the blinding complication of diabetes mellitus did not translate to a correspondingly high level of ocular examination for diabetic retinopathy.
INTERPERSONAL METAFUNCTION IN INTERACTIVE DIALOGUE MATA NAJWA METRO TV
Authors: Mustikawati Diyah Atiek
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the interpersonal metafunction, modes and modalities contained in Mata Najwa inetractive dialog. This research is qualitative. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using methods refer to and recording. For data analysis used content analysis through three strategic stages, namely stages of data collection, the data analysis stage, and the stage presentation of data. The results showed realizationof action in form of  declarative clauses were dominant 65.33%, while 34.30%  interrogative clause and imperative clause 0.36%. There is a mode of request and provide information, goods and services that fall within the proposals and propositions. The findings in this study modality is probability modalisasi of being 0.36%, 0.54%  low probability modalisasi, high obligation modulation 1.64% , the was 0.36% average modulation, and modulation inclination was 0.72%
TYPES OF CHILDREN POEM IN DIVAN AL-ATFAL BY SULAIMAN AL-ISA
Authors: Roshanfekr Akram , Askari Sadegh , Akbarpour Somayeh
Published: July 2017

Children poem is a literary type which has the potential to be versified with other different types. Children poet is aware of child’s interests and mood and sometimes by using easy words and fluent phrases and proportionate to the notion tries to help the child in learning and expanding his vocabulary domain with new words. In this way, poem verses are versified with the aim of teaching notions and categorized under didactic poetry type. Sulaiman al-Issa from Syria is considered among the founders of children poem in Arabic literature. He has a Divan entitled ‘Divan al-Atfal’. The present study with a descriptive-analytic approach attempts to review it with the aim of determining the applied types in his poems. The most important result of the article is the presence of nature poem, didactic poem, and social and entertainment poetry types in Divan al-Atfal.
Strategies in Coping with Bilingual Instructions Among Science Students in Malaysia
Authors: Stapa Siti Hamin , Suhaimi Abdul Rauf
Published: July 2017

Bilingual instructions are used in classrooms in assisting the learners towards their comprehension of the content delivered. However, the strategies applied by the learners to cope with this kind of instructions are less discussed particularly in the science classrooms. The science courses offered at the National University of Malaysia use bilingual instructions, which are English and Malay. This paper, therefore, aims at investigating the strategies applied by such students. It also aims at examining the students’ perception towards the use of bilingual instructions at the university. 60 low proficient ESL students from the School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia were involved in this study. Semi-structured interview was conducted with 4 respondents from the four majors offered by the school in order to gather data. The results revealed that the students mentally translated the bilingual instructions, made inquiries to the lecturers and peers, referred to Google Translation as well as dictionaries in coping with the bilingual instructions. When asked about their preferences, most of them preferred the use of bilingual instructions as it helped them in understanding the science subjects. The study suggests that the students should be equipped with an adequate proficiencies in both languages so that they can successfully understand the lessons using bilingual instructions.
Representación Política Sustantiva En México: Una Mirada Desde La Subjetividad Política De Las Minorías Indígenas
Authors: Romero Raúl Rocha , Hernández Cintia Flores
Published: July 2017

Within the framework of a larger study on the subjective, institutional and cultural factors that influence the substantive political representation of indigenous minorities in Mexico, the theoretical-methodological and empirical approach is presented in relation to the political subjectivity of indigenous peoples of the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas, with respect to the political representation of which they are subject by their federal deputies. A total of 46 interviews were conducted with Indians from Oaxaca and Chiapas in their respective places of residence. The results show a political subjectivity marked by descriptive, negative and valorative opinions. Indigenous people express not only the neglect they have been subjected to by representatives, but also the fact that national policy is totally alien to them. For the Indians of Mexico this means that they have not yet incorporated as citizens of the republic.