bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Coumarin Derivatives as NEDD8 Activating Enzyme Inhibitors in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Gong Lei , Lu Peng , Lu Cheng , Li Mengli , Wan Huiyang , Wang Yubin
Published: December 2021

Background:

NEDD8 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated
protein 8) is one of the ubiquitin-like proteins which is activated by the NEDD8 activating enzyme
(NAE). The overexpressed NAE can cause a variety of diseases such as numerous cancer types and
inflammatory diseases. The selective inhibition of NAE could mediate the rate of ubiquitination and
the subsequent degradation of proteins associated with cancer so as to achieve the purpose of treatment.

Objective:

In this article, we decided to study the synthesis and screening of coumarin scaffold derivatives
against cancer cell lines, specifically the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3.

Methods:

Twenty-four targeted compounds were synthesized, and their anti-proliferative activity
against three cancer cell lines, cytotoxicity against three normal cell lines through CCK-8 and MTT
assay were evaluated to screen out the candidate compound. Then the target was further confirmed
by both enzyme and cell-based experiments, as well as cell apoptosis research.

Results:

Several new 4-position substituted coumarin derivatives (12a~x) were synthesized and most
of them exhibit antiproliferative activity in three cancer cell lines. A series of experiments were performed
to identify the best candidate compound 12v. This compound displayed the highest potency
against BxPC-3 with an IC50 value of 0.28 μM. It can also inhibit NAE activity in enzyme and cellbased
assay, and induce CRLs-mediated accumulation of the substrate and apoptosis in BxPC-3
cells. Meanwhile, it exhibited relatively low toxicity in three normal cells.

Conclusion:

Based on these results, we found that compound 12v inhibited NAE activity in enzyme
and cell-based systems and induced apoptosis in BxPC-3 cells. Additionally, it also had a low toxicity.
These results suggested that 12v may be promising lead compounds for the development of new
anticancer drugs.
Preparation of Chitosan Particles as a Delivery System for Tetrahydrocurcumin: β-cyclodextrin Inclusive Compound for Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Fai Tan Kin , Yee Goh Hui , Kumar Palanirajan Vijayaraj , Elumalai Manogaran
Published: December 2021

Background:

Tetrahydrocurcumin is a hydrogenated active metabolite of curcumin that
exhibits similar pharmacological effects to curcumin. However, its hydrophobic nature has limited its
aqueous solubility and bioavailability. By incorporating the tetrahydrocurcumin into β-cyclodextrin,
its physiochemical property can be improved.

Objective:

To develop a chitosan composite loaded with tetrahydrocurcumin inclusive complex, characterize
the developed composites, and evaluate its effectiveness on cancer cells.

Methods:

Tetrahydrocurcumin was formulated into an inclusive complex with β-cyclodextrin in the
ratio of 1:2 (Tetrahydrocurcumin: β-cyclodextrin). The tetrahydrocurcumin inclusive complex loaded
chitosan particles (THC IC-loaded CPs) were prepared using ionic gelation and later characterized using
FTIR. Cytotoxicity of THC IC-loaded CPs in human colon cancer cells, Caco-2 cells, was examined
using RTCA xCELLigence technology. The uptake of these particles by Caco-2 cells was also
evaluated via fluorescing microscopy.

Results:

FTIR results confirmed the formation of the tetrahydrocurcumin inclusive complex and the
loading of this complex into chitosan composites. The cytotoxic effect of THC IC-loaded CPs showed
a dose-dependent relationship, and the IC50 found was 1.117mM and 0.959mM after 48 and 72 hours,
respectively. THC IC-loaded CPs showed an immediate uptake by CaCo-2 cells, and the maximum
uptake was observed after 1 hour of incubation.

Conclusion:

This study showed that THC IC-loaded CPs is a potential drug carrier to deliver tetrahydrocurcumin
into cancer cells and able to produce a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells.
The Impact of Polyphenolics in the Management of Breast Cancer:
Mechanistic Aspects and Recent Patents
Authors: El-Nashar Heba A.S. , Aly Shaza H. , Ahmadi Amirhossein , El-Shazly Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Background:

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer in women, accounting for 2.1 million cases, and stands as the fifth leading cause of death. Several treatment strategies are available, such as surgical resection, radiation, hormonal therapy, and conventional chemotherapy; however, these are associated with severe adverse effects in the patients.

Objective:

This review aims to summarize the different studies (in vitro, in vivo, and new patents) concerning the therapeutic potential of plant polyphenolics in the management of breast cancer, published in the period from January 2016 to January 2021. Moreover, this review will focus on the underlying mechanisms of action and molecular characteristics of these compounds.

Methods:

The data of this review were collected from different scientific databases, such as Pub-Med, Science Direct, Google Scholarship, SciFinder, and Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).

Results:

During the period 2016-2021, in the in vitro studies, investigation on 52 compounds of polyphenolic nature with promising anti-breast cancer activity has been conducted, while 14 com-pounds have been reported via in vivo studies. Besides, about 15 compounds have been registered as patent drugs. Different mechanisms of action and molecular targets have been reported, provid-ing a clarified basis and precise reflection of the anticancer properties of these compounds against breast cancer.

Conclusion:

Polyphenolics represent a comprehensive source of anticancer lead compounds against the progression of breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
Consumer protection enforcement law characteristics on civil law aspects in Indonesia
Authors: Syam Misnar , Ismansyah Ismansyah , Azheri Busyra , Hasbi Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Law enforcement on consumer protection reflects the norms or rules of consumer protection law that apply in the community to be obeyed. The use of law enforcement instruments in consumer protection is a civil lawsuit that can be made by consumers, either individually or in groups, non-governmental organizations and the government. Consumer protection is something that is very important, because basically all humans are consumers. This consumer protection has been regulated in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (hereinafter referred to as UUPK). The purpose of this law is to balance the rights and obligations of consumers and actors so as to provide protection to both parties, even though the interests of consumers and business actors are different. This difference in interests can trigger disputes between consumers and business actors. This consumer protection law enforcement can be done in court or out of court. Law enforcement on consumer protection is currently weak and tends to weaken. This can be seen from the number of complaints, complaints and consumer disputes submitted through social media, the voices of readers and those that go to BPSK, BPKN, LPKSM and YLKI, but very few get to the court process.
Effect of Snakehead Fish Nugget and Colored Fruit Juice on Immune Response (CD4, TLC, and Leukocytes) in People Living with HIV (PLWHIV)
Authors: Siahaan Ginta , Sihotang Urbanus , Sitepu Jujuren , Siregar Iceratnalela
Published: December 2021

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus attacking the body's defense system in people living with HIV (PLHIV), such as Cluster Of Differentiation 4 (CD4), Leukocytes, and Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC). People infected with HIV require adequate macro and micronutrients to improve their quality of life. The content of protein, albumin, zinc, and bioactive substances contained in food ingredients can increase the immune response. Snakehead fish nuggets are rich in Albumin and Zn, while colored fruit juice contains bioactive substances and is high in Vitamin C. This study aimed to determine the impact of snakehead fish nuggets and colored fruit juices on CD4, leukocytes, and TLC in PLHIV in Medan. This research was a Quasi Experiment with a pre and post-test design. The sample represented an entire population of 36 people from all residents of the Rehabilitation Center and was then given the treatment of snakehead fish nuggets and colored fruit juices for 22 days. The data analysis was performed using the T-dependent test after the data were normally distributed. The results showed a treatment impact on CD4, leukocytes, and TLC in PLHIV with a p-value <0.05.Â
Perbedaan Lemak Jenuh dan Tak Jenuh Keripik Labu Kuning Metode Vacuum Frying dengan Menggunakan Minyak Berulang
Authors: Kusuma Titis Sari , Kurniawati Adelya Desi , Firmansyah Rizal Fakih , Septiana Elly
Published: December 2021

Masyarakat saat ini cenderung untuk mengonsumsi fast food yang mengandung tinggi kalori, rendah serat, tinggi lemak jenuh dan kolesterol yang dapat memicu terjadinya sindrom metabolik salah satunya dislipidemia. Labu kuning memiliki kadar kolesterol rendah dan pengolahan menjadi keripik dengan metode Vacuum Frying bertujuan untuk mempertahankan kualitas bahan pangan dan mengurangi kerusakan pada minyak goreng akibat hidrolisis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar asam lemak jenuh dan tak jenuh keripik labu kuning metode Vacuum Frying dengan penggunaan minyak berulang pada kelipatan penggorengan ke 1, ke 5 dan ke 10.Â  Metode penelitian ini bersifat Quasi Eksperimental dengan 3 kelompok dan 2 kali replikasi. Pengujian kadar asam lemak jenuh menggunakan metode GC FID dan asam lemak tak jenuh dengan metode kromatografi gas. Data dianalisa menggunakan SPSS Versi 21.0 dengan uji shapiro wilk dilanjutkan uji kruskal wallis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah tidak ada perbedaan kadar asam lemak jenuh (p>0,05), tidak ada penurunan kadar asam palmitoleat (p=0,565) , asam alpha linolenat (p=0,156 ) dan asam gamma linolenat (p=0,276) pada keripik labu kuning. Karena tidak ada perubahan kadar asam lemak jenuhÂ  dan tak jenuh, maka keripik labu kuning dapat dijadikan alternatif snack bagi penderita dislipidemia.Â
Pengaruh Diet Tinggi Lemak dan Tinggi Fruktosa Serta Pemberian Karbon Tetraklorida Terhadap Kadar Prostate-Specific Antigen Pada Tikus
Authors: Sadikin Clarissa nathasia , Cangara Muh. Husni , Santoso Arif , Hardjo Marhaen , Kurniawan Liong Boy
Published: December 2021

Angka kejadian kanker prostat di Asia meningkat beberapa tahun terakhir. Diketahui bahwa gaya hidup seperti Western Diet (Tinggi Lemak Tinggi Fruktosa/ HFHFD) berperan dalam terjadinya kanker prostat. Karbon Tetraklorida (CCl4) merupakan senyawa yang dahulu ditemukan pada cairan pembersih dan bersifat karsinogenik pada manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh diet tinggi lemak tinggi fruktosa serta pemberian karbon tetraklorida terhadap kadar Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). Penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan post test with control group design.Â  Subjek penelitian dilakukan kepada duapuluh empat tikus putih Rattus Norvegicus Wistar jantan yang dibagi kedalam empat kelompok. Kelompok P1 adalah kelompok kontrol dengan perlakuan diet standar, kelompok P2Â  dengan perlakuan perlakuan diet tinggi lemak (40%) tinggi fruktosa (30%), kelompok P3 dengan perlakuan diet tinggi lemak (40%) tinggi fruktosa (30%) dan injeksi intraperitoneal karbon tetraklorida dosis mikro 0,08 ml/kg dan kelompok P4 dengan perlakuan diet standar dan injeksi intraperitoneal CCl4 dosis mikro 0,08 ml/kg. Penelitian dilakukan selama 8 minggu. Dilakukan penimbangan berat badan di awal dan akhir penelitian. Parameter penelitian menggunakan kadar PSA serum dengan metode ELISA. Uji statistik menggunakan Uji T-berpasangan, uji ANOVA dan uji Mann Whitney. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat peningkatan berat badan pada ketiga kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok dengan diet standar, kelompok HFHFD dengan atau tanpa CCl4. Peningkatan berat badan secara signifikan terjadi pada kelompok kontrol (p=0,001) diikuti oleh kelompok kombinasi HFHFD dengan CCl4 (p=0,003) dan kelompok HFHFD (p=0,006). Sedangkan kelompok dengan pemberian CCl4 mengalami penurunan berat badan di akhirÂ
Perbedaan Kandungan Energi, Zat Gizi Makro, dan Omega 3 Formula Enteral Blenderized dan Komersial
Authors: Harti Leny Budhi , Kurniasari Fuadiyah Nila
Published: December 2021

Formula enteral blenderized dan komersial merupakan makanan cair yang umum digunakan di Rumah Sakit, akan tetapi pengunaan formula enteral komersial masih sangat terbatas, oleh karena itu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi dan zat gizi pasien, maka perlu diberikan formula enteral blenderized Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kandungan energi, zat gizi makro, dan omega 3 pada formula enteral blenderized dan komersial. Penelitian ini merupakan Rancang Acak Lengkap (RAL). Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 3 sampel yang terdiri dari formula enteral blenderized, formula komersial merk A dan merk B. Masing-masing sampel tersebut dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Sampel-sampel tersebut dilakukan analisis energi, zat gizi makro, dan omega 3 sebagai immunonutrient. Perbedaan kadar energi, karbohidrat, dan lemak dianalisis dengan menggunakan One Way ANOVA, sedangkan protein dan omega 3 menggunakan Kruskall-Wallis.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kandungan energi dan karbohidrat formula enteral blenderizedÂ  sebesar 80 kkal dan 12,43 gram berbeda bermakna dengan komersial merk A dengan kandungan energi dan karbohidrat sebesar 96,3 kkal dan 15,93 gram (p=0,005 dan p=0,007). Kandungan energi dan karbohidrat formula enteral tersebut juga berbeda bermaknda dengan komersial merk B yang kandungan energi dan karbohidratnya 97 kkal dan 16,15 gram (p=0,004 dan p=0,006), sedangkan kandungan protein (3,22; 3,69; 3,19 gram), lemak (1,92; 1,98; 2,18 gram ), dan omega 3 (0,12; 0,09; dan 0,12%) ketiga kelompok (formula enteral blenderized, komersial merk A, dan B) tidak berbeda bermakna (p=0,97; p=0,33; dan p=0,08).Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan rata-rata kandungan energi dan karbohidrat antara formula enteral blenderized dan komersial merk A dan B, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan untuk kandungan protein, lemak dan omega 3Â Â
Conceitos-chave em Sociologia da Infância. Perspetivas Globais / Key concepts on Sociology of Childhood. Global Perspectives
Authors: Tomás Catarina Almeida , Trevisan Gabriela , Carvalho Maria João Leote de , Fernandes Natália
Published: December 2021

This book intends to fill a gap still open in the scientific area of Sociology of Childhood. It brings togheher the contributions of 55 authors, nationally and internationally recognized, from diverse geographies, in a renewed critical analysis on issues, themes and challenges currently placed in research on childhood and on the child(ren). The main goal is to share in a single volume a significant set of scientific reflections on key concepts of contemporary research in the area, in Portuguese and English, aiming to reach wider audiences around the globe.
Conservation Aspects on Developing Geotourism for Young Tourists during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Silalahi Village
Authors: Ginting Nurlisa , Rahman Nurinayat Vinky , Trombadore Antonella
Published: December 2021

Sustainable tourism is a tourism concept that provides sustainability for tourist destinations in the future, where geo-tourism is part of it. Geotourism development in conservation is an action to protect the geo-site from damage. The research area is located in Silalahi Village on the coast of Toba Caldera, rich in geodiversity and historical-cultural suitable for young visitors. The factors of this study, i.e., Environmental Conservation Activities and Cultural Conservation Activities, were investigated using the mixed method. This study shows geotourism development based on the conservation aspect for youth tourists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Silalahi Village.
Keywords: Geotourism; conservation aspects; young tourists; COVID-19
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3063
Household Accounting: A case study of Johor
Authors: Alias Norhayati , Mohamed Sadique Raziah , Abu Bakar Noraizah , Onasis Dini
Published: December 2021

The pattern of spending among households is vital in ensuring the financial stability of households, especially during a crisis. This study explores the pattern of managing household accounting (consumption and income) among Johor citizens. Secondary data was obtained from the Statistics Department 2019 report. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out to explore the patterns of 13 groups of consumption among three income groups: B40, M40, and T20. Housing and utility expenses are the highest consumptions, followed by food and non-alcoholic beverages. This study is limited to Johor state. A future study could widen the sample to the whole of Malaysia.
Keywords: household, household accounting, income, consumption
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3081
Business Entities’ Liability for ‘Associated Persons’ Corruption in Malaysia: Key reflections
Authors: Abdul Raof Nurazlina , Abdul Aziz Norazlina , Md Amin @ Fahmy Wan Liza , Omar Nadia
Published: December 2021

Section 17A of the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission Act 2009 imposes liability on business entities and their management if persons associated with them offer a bribe for their benefit. It provides a new regulatory capture to the meaning ‘Associated Persons’ and corporate liability. This doctrinal research highlights the associated persons' legal framework that business entities should take cognisance of and incorporate in business operations. A comparative approach is undertaken to investigate how other jurisdictions deal with the issue. The study’s findings are significant to Malaysia’s business entities in curbing the associated persons’ corruption acts.
Keywords: corporate liability; associated person; corporate corruption; risk assessment 
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3091
Population Preferences for Performance and Explainability of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Choice-Based Conjoint Survey
Authors: Ploug Thomas , Sundby Anna , Moeslund Thomas B , Holm Søren
Published: December 2021

Background

Certain types of artificial intelligence (AI), that is, deep learning models, can outperform health care professionals in particular domains. Such models hold considerable promise for improved diagnostics, treatment, and prevention, as well as more cost-efficient health care. They are, however, opaque in the sense that their exact reasoning cannot be fully explicated. Different stakeholders have emphasized the importance of the transparency/explainability of AI decision making. Transparency/explainability may come at the cost of performance. There is need for a public policy regulating the use of AI in health care that balances the societal interests in high performance as well as in transparency/explainability. A public policy should consider the wider public’s interests in such features of AI.

Objective

This study elicited the public’s preferences for the performance and explainability of AI decision making in health care and determined whether these preferences depend on respondent characteristics, including trust in health and technology and fears and hopes regarding AI.

Methods

We conducted a choice-based conjoint survey of public preferences for attributes of AI decision making in health care in a representative sample of the adult Danish population. Initial focus group interviews yielded 6 attributes playing a role in the respondents’ views on the use of AI decision support in health care: (1) type of AI decision, (2) level of explanation, (3) performance/accuracy, (4) responsibility for the final decision, (5) possibility of discrimination, and (6) severity of the disease to which the AI is applied. In total, 100 unique choice sets were developed using fractional factorial design. In a 12-task survey, respondents were asked about their preference for AI system use in hospitals in relation to 3 different scenarios.

Results

Of the 1678 potential respondents, 1027 (61.2%) participated. The respondents consider the physician having the final responsibility for treatment decisions the most important attribute, with 46.8% of the total weight of attributes, followed by explainability of the decision (27.3%) and whether the system has been tested for discrimination (14.8%). Other factors, such as gender, age, level of education, whether respondents live rurally or in towns, respondents’ trust in health and technology, and respondents’ fears and hopes regarding AI, do not play a significant role in the majority of cases.

Conclusions

The 3 factors that are most important to the public are, in descending order of importance, (1) that physicians are ultimately responsible for diagnostics and treatment planning, (2) that the AI decision support is explainable, and (3) that the AI system has been tested for discrimination. Public policy on AI system use in health care should give priority to such AI system use and ensure that patients are provided with information.
An Intelligent Individualized Cardiovascular App for Risk Elimination (iCARE) for Individuals With Coronary Heart Disease: Development and Usability Testing Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Yuling , Ji Meihua , Wu Ying , Wang Qingyu , Deng Ying , Liu Yong , Wu Fangqin , Liu Mingxuan , Guo Yiqiang , Fu Ziyuan , Zheng Xiaoying
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Death and disability from coronary heart disease (CHD) can be largely reduced by improving risk factor management. However, adhering to evidence-based recommendations is challenging and requires interventions at the level of the patient, provider, and health system.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to develop an Intelligent Individualized Cardiovascular App for Risk Elimination (iCARE) to facilitate adherence to health behaviors and preventive medications, and to test the usability of iCARE.

METHODS

We developed iCARE based on a user-centered design approach, which included 4 phases: (1) function design, (2) iterative design, (3) expert inspections and walkthroughs of the prototypes, and (4) usability testing with end users. The usability testing of iCARE included 2 stages: stage I, which included a task analysis and a usability evaluation (January to March 2019) of the iCARE patient app using the modified Health Information Technology Usability Survey (Health-ITUES); and stage II (June 2020), which used the Health-ITUES among end users who used the app for 6 months. The end users were individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of CHD from 2 university-affiliated hospitals in Beijing, China.

RESULTS

iCARE consists of a patient app, a care provider app, and a cloud platform. It has a set of algorithms that trigger tailored feedback and can send individualized interventions based on data from initial assessment and health monitoring via manual entry or wearable devices. For stage I usability testing, 88 hospitalized patients (72% [63/88] male; mean age 60 [SD 9.9] years) with CHD were included in the study. The mean score of the usability testing was 90.1 (interquartile range 83.3-99.0). Among enrolled participants, 90% (79/88) were satisfied with iCARE; 94% (83/88) and 82% (72/88) reported that iCARE was useful and easy to use, respectively. For stage II usability testing, 61 individuals with CHD (85% [52/61] male; mean age 53 [SD 8.2] years) who were from an intervention arm and used iCARE for at least six months were included. The mean total score on usability testing based on the questionnaire was 89.0 (interquartile distance: 77.0-99.5). Among enrolled participants, 89% (54/61) were satisfied with the use of iCARE, 93% (57/61) perceived it as useful, and 70% (43/61) as easy to use.

CONCLUSIONS

This study developed an intelligent, individualized, evidence-based, and theory-driven app (iCARE) to improve patients’ adherence to health behaviors and medication management. iCARE was identified to be highly acceptable, useful, and easy to use among individuals with a diagnosis of CHD.

CLINICALTRIAL

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-INR-16010242; https://tinyurl.com/2p8bkrew
Going Viral: Researching Safely on Social Media (Preprint)
Authors: Vallury Kari Dee , Baird Barbara , Miller Emma , Ward Paul
Published: December 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Safety issues for researchers conducting and disseminating research on social media have been inadequately addressed in institutional policies and practice globally, despite posing significant challenges to research staff and student well-being. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and given the myriad of advantages that web-based platforms offer researchers over traditional recruitment, data collection, and research dissemination methods, developing a comprehensive understanding of and guidance on the safe and effective conduct of research in web-based spaces has never been more pertinent. In this paper, we share our experience of using social media to recruit participants for a study on abortion stigma in Australia, which brought into focus the personal, professional, and institutional risks associated with conducting web-based research that goes viral. The lead researcher (KV), a postgraduate student, experienced a barrage of harassment on and beyond social media. The supportive yet uncoordinated institutional response highlighted gaps in practice, guidance, and policy relating to social media research ethics, researcher safety and well-being, planning for and managing web-based and offline risk, and coordinated organizational responses to adverse events. We call for and provide suggestions to inform the development of training, guidelines, and policies that address practical and ethical aspects of using social media for research, mental and physical health and safety risks and management, and the development of coordinated and evidence-based institutional- and individual-level responses to cyberbullying and harassment. Furthermore, we argue the case for the urgent development of this comprehensive guidance around researcher safety on the web, which would help to ensure that universities have the capacity to maximize the potential of social media for research while better supporting the well-being of their staff and students.
One-Year Remission Rate of Chronic Headache Comparing Video and Face-to-Face Consultations by Neurologist: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Bekkelund Svein Ivar , Müller Kai Ivar
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Chronic headache causing severe headache-related disability for those affected by the disease is under- or misdiagnosed in many cases and therefore requires easy access to a specialist for optimal health care management.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of the research is to determine whether video consultations are noninferior to face-to-face consultations in treating chronic headache patients referred to a specialist in Northern Norway.

METHODS

Patients included in the study were recruited from general practice referrals to a specialist at a neurological department in Northern Norway (Tromsø) and diagnosed according to the International Headache Society classification system. In a randomized controlled design, the 1-year remission rate of chronic headache (change from ≥15 to <15 headache days per month during the last 3 months), patient satisfaction with a specialist consultation, and need for follow-up consultations by general practitioners were compared between groups consulted by video and face-to-face in a post hoc analysis. Data were collected by interview (baseline) and questionnaire (follow-up).

RESULTS

From a baseline cohort of 402 headache patients consecutively referred from general practice to a specialist over 2.5 years, 58.0% (233/402) were classified as chronic headache and included in this study. Response rates were 71.7% (86/120) in the video group and 67.3% (76/113) in the face-to-face group. One-year remission from chronic headache was achieved in 43.0% (37/86) in the video group and 39.5% (30/76) in the face-to-face group (P=.38). Patient satisfaction with consultations were 86.5% (32/37; video) and 93.3% (28/30; face-to-face; P=.25). A total of 30% (11/37) in the video group and 53% (16/30) in the face-to-face group consulted general practitioners during the follow-up period (P=.03), and median number of consultations was 1 (IQR 0-13) and 1.5 (IQR 0-15), respectively (P=.19).

CONCLUSIONS

One-year remission rate from chronic headache was about 40% regardless of consultation form. Likewise, patient satisfaction with consultation and need for follow-up visits in general practice post consultation was similar. Treating chronic headache patients by using video consultations is not inferior to face-to-face consultations and may be used in clinical neurological practice.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02270177; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02270177
Characterization of Electronic Health Record Use Outside Scheduled Clinic Hours Among Primary Care Pediatricians: Retrospective Descriptive Task Analysis of Electronic Health Record Access Log Data (Preprint)
Authors: Attipoe Selasi , Hoffman Jeffrey , Rust Steve , Huang Yungui , Barnard John A , Schweikhart Sharon , Hefner Jennifer L , Walker Daniel M , Linwood Simon
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Many of the benefits of electronic health records (EHRs) have not been achieved at expected levels because of a variety of unintended negative consequences such as documentation burden. Previous studies have characterized EHR use during and outside work hours, with many reporting that physicians spend considerable time on documentation-related tasks. These studies characterized EHR use during and outside work hours using clock time versus actual physician clinic schedules to define the outside work time.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to characterize EHR work outside scheduled clinic hours among primary care pediatricians using a retrospective descriptive task analysis of EHR access log data and actual physician clinic schedules to define work time.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective, exploratory, descriptive task analysis of EHR access log data from primary care pediatricians in September 2019 at a large Midwestern pediatric health center to quantify and identify actions completed outside scheduled clinic hours. Mixed-effects statistical modeling was used to investigate the effects of age, sex, clinical full-time equivalent status, and EHR work during scheduled clinic hours on the use of EHRs outside scheduled clinic hours.

RESULTS

Primary care pediatricians (n=56) in this study generated 1,523,872 access log data points (across 1069 physician workdays) and spent an average of 4.4 (SD 2.0) hours and 0.8 (SD 0.8) hours per physician per workday engaged in EHRs during and outside scheduled clinic hours, respectively. Approximately three-quarters of the time working in EHR during or outside scheduled clinic hours was spent reviewing data and reports. Mixed-effects regression revealed no associations of age, sex, or clinical full-time equivalent status with EHR use during or outside scheduled clinic hours.

CONCLUSIONS

For every hour primary care pediatricians spent engaged with the EHR during scheduled clinic hours, they spent approximately 10 minutes interacting with the EHR outside scheduled clinic hours. Most of their time (during and outside scheduled clinic hours) was spent reviewing data, records, and other information in EHR.
Similarity Learning between Patients with Large Age-Gap: Model Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kang Seung-yeoun , Mo Jeong-hoon
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Similarity-based machine-learning methodologies are suitable for personalized prediction and recommendation research, which is actively applied in healthcare field along with the generalization of EHR data. In particular, the similarity learning model which carefully reflects age can be efficiently used in predicting chronic diseases, closely related to ageing.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to design a similarity model for patients in different age-groups in order to predict the two major chronic diseases: Diabetes and Hypertension.

METHODS

We developed an idea about learning the overlapping periods of two individuals by moving the viewpoint of them to future and past respectively. From this idea, we build separated similarity learning models through three sequential age-group intervals; 30-40, 40-50, 50-60 age-groups intervals. Each model has same structure based on deep neural network. For similarity learning, we set several demographic/bi-annual check-up information and diagnosis records as input features and disease based yes-or-no similarity labels as output features.

RESULTS

As a result of applying hypertension patients’ pair, diabetes patients’ pair, and non-diabetes/diabetes patient pair to our methodology, the similarity value was very high, close to 1 in the former two cases, and the similarity value was low, close to zero, in the last case. This proves that similarity learning appropriately reflects the disease status between individuals. In addition, we tried to find out how the conventional single-timepoint methodology and our methodology differ in the measurement of similarity for several special cases in which the patient's disease condition changes. As a result, it was found that the similarity results between the existing methodology and our methodology differ from at least 0.2 to at most 0.9 in four special cases where the patient's condition changes. This suggests that our methodology responds more sensitively to the patient's condition changing over time and can be applied more efficiently to disease prediction in those cases.

CONCLUSIONS

We developed an age-sensitive similarity learning model for personalized prediction of chronic diseases targeting Koreans. As a result, for the cases that patient's disease pattern changes, by designing and learning a deep similarity learning model using divided age groups which has not been previously attempted, we have shown that similarity learning results are better than conventional single-timepoint methodology. Moreover, we proposed the possibility of overcoming data shortage limitations that occur frequently in medical datasets through a similarity learning model considering patients’ age differences.
The Use of Chemometrics for Classification of Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia) Based on FTIR Spectra and Antiradical Activities
Authors: Rohman Abdul , Ikhtiarini Asefin Nurul , Setyaningsih Widiastuti , Rafi Mohamad , Aminah Nanik Siti , Insanu Muhamad , Irnawati Irnawati , Santosa Djoko
Published: December 2021

Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia) is one of the herbal components used in traditional medicine. The application of chemometrics in the standardization of herbal medicine is common. The objective of this study was to classify Sidaguri from different regions based on FTIR spectra with chemometrics of principal component analysis (PCA) and to correlate the antioxidant activities with FTIR spectra using the multivariate calibration of partial least square regression (PLSR). The extraction of Sidaguri powder was performed using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) at optimum conditions. The obtained extracts were subjected to antiradical scavenging activities using DPPH (2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals. The PCA result shows that Sidaguri from different regions could be separated using 14 wavenumbers of FTIR spectra based on the PCA's loading plot. PLSR regression using the second derivative FTIR spectra at wavenumbers of 3662–659 cm–1 could predict radical scavenging activities (RSA) of Sidaguri with R2 values of 0.9636 and 0.9024 for calibration and validation models, with RMSEC and RMSEP values of 1.45% and 2.65%, respectively. It can be concluded that FTIR spectra treated by PCA were reliable for classifying Sidaguri from different regions. At the same time, PLSR was accurate and precise enough to predict the RSA of Sidaguri.
Synthesis of Symmetrical Acetophenone Azine Derivatives as Colorimetric and Fluorescent Cyanide Chemosensors
Authors: Irmi Nur Masyittah , Purwono Bambang , Anwar Chairil
Published: December 2021

Cyanide is a highly toxic anion and poison to the environment. Therefore, fast, effective, and efficient analysis methods to detect cyanide are needed. Herein, symmetrical chemosensor of 2’-hydroxy acetophenone azine (1) and 2’,4’-dihydroxy acetophenone azine (2) has been synthesized tested as colorimetric and fluorescent cyanide chemosensor. The azines were produced from the condensation of acetophenone derivatives with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux or ultrasonic irradiation methods. Colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor tests showed selectivity to acetate and cyanide anions in DMSO. The limit of detection (LOD) for colorimetric measurement of cyanide anion was 9.68×10–4 M for compound (1) and 9.63×10–5 M for compound (2), while the fluorescent method showed 15.90×10–4 M for compound (1) and 8.95×10–5 M for compound (2), respectively. In addition, test paper-strips containing sensor 2 indicated noticeable results for 'naked eye' detection of cyanide in an aqueous medium.
Adsorption of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solutions onto Humic Acid Modified by Urea-Formaldehyde: Effect of pH, Ionic Strength, Contact Time, and Initial Concentration
Authors: Sari Meidita Kemala , Basuki Rahmat , Rusdiarso Bambang
Published: December 2021

Humic acid (HA) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) have been frequently reported as heavy metal adsorbents. However, the literature has never written HA modification by UF to improve the adsorbent’s performance. In this study, a new adsorbent of humic acid-urea formaldehyde (HA-UF) was synthesized. The reaction of the conducted the formation of HA-UF –COOH group of HA with the –NH2 group of UF was evidenced by decreasing total acidity from 549.26 cmol/kg (in HA) to 349.30 cmol/kg (in HA-UF). The success of HA-UF formation was characterized by attenuated total reflection-infrared (ATR-IR), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The high stability of HA-UF was shown by 96.8% remaining in solid form at pH 12.4. Adsorption behavior of Pb(II) onto HA-UF was influenced by the ionic strength and pH, which were mainly driven by the ion exchange mechanism (EDR = 9.75 kJ/mol). The higher ionic strength will affect decreasing adsorbed Pb(II) at the optimum pH of 5.5. The effect of initial Pb(II) concentration (isotherm) shows that the data fitted well with the Langmuir-b isotherm model indicated the monolayer adsorption of Pb(II) onto homogenous surfaces of the HA-UF with the adsorption capacity of 2.26 × 10–4 mol/g (which is higher than its original HA of 1.12 × 10–4 mol/g). The Ho (pseudo-second-order) kinetics model represented the effect of contact time (kinetics) was represented by the Ho kinetics model. The synthesized adsorbent is also reusable, with 88.59% of adsorption capacity remaining in the fifth recycle run. Therefore, the adsorbent of HA-UF is suggested to be a promising candidate for adsorption applications.
Ferrate(VI) Synthesis Using Fe(OH)3 from Waste Iron Electrolysis and Its Application for the Removal of Metal Ions and Anions in Water
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan , Haris Abdul , Prasetya Nor Basid Adiwibawa , Pratista Eka , Amrullah Azis
Published: December 2021

Ferrate(VI) salt is an effective oxidant and coagulant for water treatment and removal of metal ions. This study demonstrates a new approach to processing metal ions and anions in water by Fe(VI) through Fe(III) obtained from the electrolysis of waste iron transformer. The electrolysis was successfully carried out in the Na2SO4 electrolyte using waste iron and zinc plates as anode and cathode, respectively. Fe(III) electrolysis results through the characterization of FTIR and XRD indicate compliance with Fe(OH)3 standards. Synthesis of ferrate was carried out by adding Fe(III) from electrolysis with NaOCl in alkaline conditions. The formed ferrate solution shows a purple color with a typical maximum wavelength of 505 nm. Furthermore, the ferrate obtained is used to remove metal ions (Fe(III), Cu(II), Zn(II), Mg(II), Pb(II)) and anions (sulfate, nitrate, and carbonate) in water with pH variations. Ferrate treatment filtrate was analyzed using AAS for metal ions, while sulfate, nitrate, and carbonate anions used UV-Vis spectrophotometry, turbidimetry, and titration methods. The results showed that ferrate effectively eliminates metal ions and anions in water with optimum pH 6. The mechanism of heavy metal removal by ferrate(VI) can be explained by ionic bonding and adsorption.
Utilization of Corn Oil through Water Degumming Process for Lecithin Emulsifier Production
Authors: Arifan Fahmi , Nandita Muhammad Kelvin , Sapatra Enrico Fendy , Salsabila Salsabila
Published: December 2021

Lecithin is an emulsifier that plays an active role in reducing surface tension in making emulsions. The production of lecithin from other vegetable oils allows the use of other types of vegetable oil as a source of lecithin production to replace soy-based oil, which has begun to be used as a bioenergy raw material. This study aims to find an alternative source of new lecithin derived from corn oil by knowing the characteristics of lecithin and applied to mayonnaise. The resulting lecithin was used in mayonnaise with a 2 factorial randomized block design method consisting of 3 levels. Based on the results obtained, the characteristic of corn oil lecithin is that the largest content is hexadecanoic acid which is 44.79%, and the strongest vibration band is CH2 vibration with stretching modes of symmetry and asymmetry at 2922 and 2853 cm–1 and the terminal CH3 group in the 1374 cm–1. L3C3 treatment was the best result with 60% fat content, 4% emulsion stability, 2.12 cP viscosity, and 1.42 × 10–3 N/m surface tension and organoleptic showed a preference value, namely color 4.4 (like), taste 3.2 (sufficient like), smell 4 (like), and texture 3.80 (like it).
THE CONSTRUCTION OF MONSTROUS WOMEN THÉRÈSE DESQUEYROUX BY FRANÇOIS MAURIAC
Authors: Azhari Wulan Nurrahma , Udasmoro Wening , Subiyantoro Subiyantoro
Published: December 2021

Issues of domestication, minority, and discrimination have frequently put women in inferior position in society. When women seek equality, they are often framed as embracing monstrous attitudes. This study focuses on François Mauriac’s novel titled Thérèse Desqueyroux (1927) with the intention of exploring the meanings and the significations in its construction of women as monsters. It has been observed that women are depicted as monsters because their struggle for freedom is seen as a challenge to the patriarchal system. The aims of this study are to find out and to describe the influential aspects in the construction of women as monsters and how such construction creates meanings. The study relies on content analysis method and follows three steps of analysis: collecting data relevant to monstrosity, classifying data based on the themes and problems related to the topic, and analyzing the data using Barbara Creed’s theory of the monstrous feminine (2007). The study results in the finding that the construction of women as monsters is strongly correlated with the deep institutionalization of patriarchy in French culture. Penempatan perempuan pada posisi inferior dalam banyak narasi disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor domestifikasi, minoritas, dan diskriminasi. Ketika perempuan memperjuangkan kesetaraan, mereka dianggap membangkang dan disimbolkan sebagai monster. Konstruksi monster terhadap perempuan ini terlihat pada novel François Mauriac berjudul Thérèse Desqueyroux (1927). Tulisan ini mencoba memahami makna dan pemaknaan konstruksi perempuan sebagai monster dalam novel tersebut. Studi ini menemukan bahwa perempuan digambarkan sebagai monster karena perjuangan mereka untuk mencapai kebebasan dianggap menentang struktur patriarki. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah menemukan dan mendeskripsikan aspek-aspek yang berkaitan dengan proses pemonsteran perempuan dan bagaimana proses tersebut dimaknai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis isi cerita dan dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap. Tahap pertama adalah pengambilan data yang relevan dengan pemonsteran. Tahap kedua adalah pengklasifikasian data sesuai dengan tema dan permasalahan tentang pemonsteran perempuan. Tahap terakhir adalah analisis data temuan dengan teori Barbara Creed (2007) tentang the monstrous feminine. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa konstruksi perempuan sebagai monster berhubungan erat dengan kultur patriarki yang sudah terinstitusionalisasi di dalam budaya Prancis pada masa ketika novel tersebut ditulis.
Plegarias diversas, cuerpos que oran. Género, religión y lenguaje
Authors: Vega-Dávila Enrique
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo quiere evidenciar el proceso de deconstrucción y resignificación del “Credo” y del “Padrenuestro” en la Comunidad Cristiana Ecuménica Inclusiva El Camino (Perú). Ambas plegarias rituales son narrativas culturales vinculantes en el cristianismo, ya que canalizan la identidad comunitaria. Se contemplan estas dos puesto que poseen una carga casi fundante y son empleadas de múltiples maneras, ya sea en la expresión hegemónica de tal religión en Occidente o en otros espacios de fe que son disidentes o alternativos. La perspectiva de género da cuenta de las relaciones de poder que se sostienen en prácticas comunicacionales, de lenguaje. Al ser el cristianismo una religión confesante, hace de la palabra un vehículo importante para fomentar su identidad; por esa razón se tendrá en consideración para el análisis los modos de callar y de enunciar, ya que si bien la identidad sexual no aparece de modo explícito en los textos oficiales, sí existe una mirada ausente de la sexualidad, situación que es mucho más explícita en la deconstrucción de estas nuevas plegarias. Puedo dar cuenta de este proceso analítico dado que yo mismo he formado parte de la institución religiosa como pastor.