bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social spider optimisation algorithm for dimension reduction of electroencephalogram signals in human emotion recognition
Authors: Yousef Al-Qammaz Abdullah , Kabir Ahmad Farzana , Yusof Yuhanis
Published: May 2018

Due to some limitations of current heuristics and evolutionary algorithms, this paper proposed a new swarm based algorithm for feature selection method called Social Spider Optimization (SSO-FS). In this research, SSO-FS is used in the EEG-based emotion recognition model as searching method to find optimal feature set to maximize classification performance and mimics the cooperative behaviour and mechanism of social spiders in nature. This proposed feature selection method has been tested on DEAP EEG dataset with six subjects and compared with the most popular heuristic algorithms such as GA, PSO and ABC. The results show that the SSO-FS provides a remarkable and comparable performance compared to other existing methods. Whereby, the max accuracy obtained is 66.66% and 70.83%, the mean accuracy obtained is 55.51 7.17 and 60.97 8.38 for 3-level of valence emotions and 3-level of arousal emotions classification respectively.
A conceptual framework on constructing effective learning content for programming novices
Authors: Ling Chean Swee , Ban Ho Sin , Chai Ian
Published: May 2018

An e-learning system provides a platform for communication between the educators and the students. It facilitates the sharing of information and learning content in a form, which can be easily accessed by the users. In e-learning educational systems, a learning content management system (LCMS) is commonly used for developing and managing learning content. An overly comprehensive LCMS might not suit the needs for all domains such as learning programming for novice learners. Teaching novice programming learners is not an easy task as mentioned in many studies. Complicated explanations and boring teaching methods cause loss of interest in learning programming. Many educational studies have been carried out with different aspects and approaches to improve teaching and learning programming in school and tertiary levels of study. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for constructing effective learning content. It is challenging for Malaysian educators to design and prepare learning content that allows programming novices to learn at their own pace and skill levels. It is believed that an effective learning content framework would benefit educators who intend to start teaching programming to novices.
An automated grading system for diabetic retinopathy using curvelet transform and hierarchical classification
Authors: Ari Mukti Fanji , Eswaran C , Hashim Noramiza , Chiung Ching Ho , Uvaze Ahamed Ayoobkhan Mohamed
Published: May 2018

In this paper, an automated system for grading the severity level of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) disease based on fundus images is presented. Features are extracted using fast discrete curvelet transform. These features are applied to hierarchical support vector machine (SVM) classifier to obtain four types of grading levels, namely, normal, mild, moderate and severe. These grading levels are determined based on the number of anomalies such as microaneurysms, hard exudates and haemorrhages that are present in the fundus image. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated using fundus images from the Messidor database. Experiment results show that the proposed system can achieve an accuracy rate of 86.23%.
Exploring Effective Training Methods to Improve Football Performance: Effects of Small Sided Games on Cardiovascular Endurance
Authors: Abd Karim Zulakbal , Arif Hanis Abd Ghani Muhammad , Md Nadzalan Ali
Published: May 2018

This study is aimed to examine the effects of small-sided game training on the cardiovascular endurance among football players. A total of 30 university football players were involved in this study. Participants involved in six weeks of small sided games training and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 test was conducted pre- and post-training intervention. Descriptive statistics, paired and independent t-test were conducted in data analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the training group and the control group in cardiovascular endurance levels at post-intervention test. In conclusion, a small sided game training is a valuable training method to be implemented in enhancing physical abilities among football players.
Effects of Different Intensities of Weighted Vest Warming up Session on Physical Performances of Power Sports Athletes
Authors: Ab Malik Zulezwan , Ishak Asmadi , Aiwa Rosman Noor , Osman Noorzaliza , Kadir Mahmod Abdul , Oliver Francis Leo , Md Nadzalan Ali
Published: May 2018

Optimum physical performance is vital component for athletes to excellent in their sports. Weighted vest warming up is one of the ways to manipulate intensities of warming. The purpose of this was to investigate the effect of different intensities weighted vest warming up session on physical performances. Twenty participants from power sports athletes was did all weighted vest warming up protocol (a) wore weighted vest 6% of body mass,(W6),(b) wore weighted vest 12% of body mass (W12)  (c) with body weight only or 0% of additional weight in intensities of warming up session (W0). All participants undergo cross over design and evaluated using vertical jump test, standing broad jump test, seated medicine ball toss test and 20m sprint test after finish each warming up sessions. 1-way, repeated-measures analysis of variance on the test result showed significant different of the effect different intensities of weighted vest warming up session on all physical performances test. In conclusion, usage of 6% and 12 % from body weight of additional weight on weighted vest warming up session can promote to improving physical performances.
Jump and Lunge Frequencies Analysis during Men’s Single Badminton Matches: Implications on Physical Conditioning Training
Authors: Md Nadzalan Ali , Fadhil Abdullah Mohd , Janep Mandra , Shahrul Azzfar Mohamad , Abd Karim Zulakbal , Jameelah Md Japilus Siti
Published: May 2018

The objective of this study is to determine the jump and lunge frequencies performed during men’s single badminton matches during world class level tournament. Players’ jump frequencies were calculated in the whole matches. Lunge frequencies were presented in the position performed in the court. The findings of this study will be beneficial as it can be used as a reference for developing training program besides technical and tactical plan during real matches.
Playing Pattern Analysis of Men’s Single Badminton Matches
Authors: Fadhil Abdullah Mohd , Janep Mandra , Shahrul Azzfar Mohamad , Abd Karim Zulakbal , Rahmat Azali , Md Nadzalan Ali
Published: May 2018

The objective of this study is to determine the playing pattern of selected men’s single badminton matches during BWF World Championships 2017. Players’ return methods; smash, drop, drive, lob, clear and net performed in the match were notated using notational analysis. The return methods were also analysed based on the place of target; fore left, fore right, mid left, mid right, rear left and rear right. The non-effective returns were also notated. The findings of the playing patterns performed by players are important as this can be used as a source of reference for the players to plan on technical and tactical part during the real match especially in important tournament.
Hybrid Dynamic-Binary ALOHA Anti-Collision Protocol in RFID Systems
Authors: Kim Jongwan
Published: May 2018

The main techniques for identifying objects in an Internet of things environment are based on radio frequency identification, in which a specific object is identified by the reader through the tag mounted on the object. When there are multiple tags in the reader’s interrogation zone, they respond simultaneously to the reader’s request, thus causing a collision between the signals sent simultaneously to the reader from those tags. Such collisions reduce the data accuracy and prolong the identification time, thus making it difficult to provide a rapid service. This paper explores a hybrid anti-collision protocol, namely, the hybrid dynamic-binary ALOHA anti-collision protocol, which is designed to prevent tag collision and to enable more stable information transmission by improving the existing tag anti-collision protocols. The proposed protocol has achieved performance enhancement by shortening the tag identification process when tag collision occurs by combining the ALOHA and binary search protocols. In contrast to the existing protocols, whereby the reader’s request is repeated after detecting a collision, the proposed protocol shortens the tag identification time by requesting only the collision bits. This contributes to a substantial reduction in the object identification time in an IoT environment.
Stationary Wavelet Transform based Radiometric Error Correction Technique for NOAA-AVHRR sensor data
Authors: Raja Rajeswari V , Narayana Reddy S , Jagadamba P
Published: May 2018

Due to the inaccuracy of the sensing devices remote sensing images contain radiometric errors, which can be severe in many cases. Therefore, the preprocessing is an inevitable step in the remote sensing image analysis. This paper presents radiometric errors and evaluates methodologies to retrieve information contained in images by means of filtering in the spatial domain and wavelet domain. Among those, the wavelet techniques are more effective to reduce noise because of their ability to capture the energy of a signal in fewer wavelet coefficients. In this study, Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) method and its application to NOAA -18, 19AVHRR/3 channel 3 and channel 4 images to correct radiometric error is presented. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried to evaluate the performance of SWT method, both by measuring the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), mean value, standard deviation and by visual inspection. The SWT based method can remove radiometric error effectively and preserves radiometric information to a desirable amount. From the results, SWT based method is better in smoothness and accuracy than the conventional mean filter, median filter and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based method
Studying the Role of Brand Community in Designing and Developing a New Product (Case Study: Cosmetics)
Authors: Alidaie Farshad
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to study the role of the brand community in the design and development of a new product (case study: cosmetics). The statistical society is the customers of Arian Kimia Tak Co. one of the successful companies in cosmetics industry in Iran. A questionnaire was used to collect data and 384 questionnaires were distributed among the customers of Arian Kimia Tak Co. and the required data were collected. In order to determine the sample size, the simplest method, Cochran formula, was used when the size of the community was unclear; the sample size was 384. The results of the data analysis show that there is a significant relationship among the identity of the brand community, the commitment to the brand community, attachment to the brand community and the similarity of the brand community with the design and development of a new product
Applying the Kaizen Management System in the Manufacturing Process of Artistic Products in Handicraft Workshops
Authors: Rahmanpour Nahid
Published: May 2018

Being knowledge-based, handicrafts-manufacturing workshops established by art graduates are to design and manufacture innovative products in line with modern lifestyle. Unfortunately, such workshops are often encountered with challenges due to lacking the use of a specific management system in their production and supply processes. For this purpose, the application of Kaizen’s management system was discussed in the present study because of its ease of implementation, high effectiveness of results, low costs, and emphasis on teamwork in the production of handicrafts. This study was applied in terms of the research purpose with a descriptive survey design. The statistical population of the study included 17 handicrafts-manufacturing workshops established by art graduates in the last fifteen years. The results of this study showed that the application of Kaizen’s management system and its operational procedures could provide conditions for continuous improvement in the production process of handicrafts, reduce the cost and time of production, increase quality, and enhance delivery performance.
Building Information Modelling and Its Application in Digital Architecture to Achieve Sustainability
Authors: Asghar Hosseini Seyed
Published: May 2018

Using building information modeling (BIM ) method in architecture can reduce costs and time of project and satisfaction of beneficiaries is provided. By the process in BIM, we can create three-dimensional modeling of building volumes and by the aid of all beneficiaries and executive authorities in project life cycle, we can achieve the best result. The integration and benefits sharing in this method caused that the best quality is considered at proper time and cost. Creating a systematic view in design of a building in which all internal and external beneficiaries can use project executing is a good goal. This study introduced BIM and its application in design and the impact of its use on achieving digital and sustainable architecture of buildings. The introduction of various components of this method with analytical and descriptive approach by evaluation of students all around the world can have a good view of this technique. The increase of perception of authorities of this industry of new technologies of digital design and BIM can improve the culture of construction works in the country and increase economic power. In case of using BIM from the beginning of designing a building and integrating it with digital architecture, we can expect better performance of buildings.
MediKit : IoT Based Smart Healthcare System for Effective Supervision of Patient
Authors: Surya Tej Mahankali , Ameet Chavan Dr
Published: May 2018

Medikit - An IoT healthcare system is developed for patients, hospitals and care centers that regularly supervise the health condition and checks whether the patient has taken the prescribed medicine. The proposed work monitors patient’s vitals such as pulse rate and body temperature on real time basis. Such information will be used by the doctor to diagnose the patient remotely and prescribe optimum medication dose. Further, the Medikit system apart from collecting the data ensures that patient has taken the medicine on time.  For the proposed system the authors have used Bluetooth Technology to send sensor data to a Smartphone and also to Cloud Service Platform for archiving and analysis. The information available on the Cloud can be supervised by the doctor by using a Mobile application. The mobile application also supports scheduling of medicines as per doctor’s prescription in the medical box. The comprehensive system developed, to the best of author’s knowledge, is low cost, efficient and service oriented as compared to the traditional healthcare practices and other eHealth solutions discussed.
Iterative Analysis of Dielectric Constant of Patch Antenna Substrate at UHF Band
Authors: Kumar Jha Amish , Gupta Bharti Gupta , D Swami Preety
Published: May 2018

This paper presents an investigation of effect of substrate material properties on the performance of antenna. The simulations are tested for 30 different dielectric materials on the basic RPA antenna model as well as on the most common U shape model using CST Microwave Studio. Two designs are proposed. On the basis of simulation results it has been concluded that for the first design the best material is which has a dielectric constant of 2.7 (𝜀r = 2.7) with bandwidth improvements of around 69.33% to 88.6% as compared to the most frequently used materials at present. For the second design the best result is obtained for the material that has dielectric constant in the range 2.0 to 2.7.  For a material having dielectric constant of 2.1 (𝜀r = 2.1) bandwidth improvement of around 11.74% with respect to RT Duroid was observed. For the second design, radiations from all other materials were not available in the working frequency range of 1GHz to 6GHz.
A Circular Disc Microstrip Antenna with Dual Notch Band for GSM/Bluetooth and Extended UWB Applications
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Ravi , Kumar Vishwakarma Rajesh
Published: May 2018

A microstrip antenna with a circular disc design and modified ground is proposed in this paper. Circular shapes of different size have been slotted out from the radiating patch for achieving extended ultra wideband (UWB) with GSM/Bluetooth bands with maximum bandwidth of 17.7 GHz (0.88-18.6 GHz). Further, characteristic of dual notch band is achieved, when a combination of T and L-shaped slots are etched into the circular disc and ground plane respectively. Change in length of slots is controlling the notch band characteristics. The proposed antenna has rejection bandwidth of 1.3-2.2 GHz (LTE band), 3.2-3.9 GHz (WiMAX band) and 5.2-6.1 GHz (WLAN band) respectively. It covers the frequency range of 0.88-18.5 GHz with the VSWR of less than 2. Also, an equivalent parallel resonant circuit has been demonstrated for band notched frequencies of the designed antenna. The gain achieved by the proposed antenna is 6.27 dBi. This antenna has been designed, investigated and fabricated for GSM, Bluetooth, UWB, X and Ku band applications. The stable gain including H & E-plane radiation pattern with good directivity and omnidirectional behavior is achieved by the proposed antenna. Measured bandwidths are 0.5 GHz, 0.8 GHz, 1.1 GHz and 11.7 GHz respectively.
Level Converters for Ultra Low Power IoT Applications
Authors: Yugendra Chary T , Anitha S , Alamillo M , Chavan Ameet
Published: May 2018

For efficient ultra-low power IoT applications, working with various communication devices and sensors which operating voltages  from subthreshold to superthreshold levels which requires wide variety of robust level converters for signal interfacing with low power dissipation. This paper proposes two topologies of level converter circuits that offer dramatic improvement in power and performance when compared to the existing level converters that shift signals from sub to super threshold levels for IoT applications. At 250 mV, the first proposed circuit - a modification of a tradition al current mirror level converter - offers the best energy efficiency with approximately seven times less energy consumption per operation than the existing design, but suffers from a slight reduction in performance.  However, a second proposed circuit - based on a two-stage level converter - at the same voltage enhances performance by several orders of magnitude while still maintaining a modest improvement in energy efficiency.  The Energy Delay Products (EDP) of the two proposed designs are equivalent and are approximately four times better than the best existing design.  Consequently, the two circuit options either optimizes power or performance with improved overall EDP.
An efficient architecture of iterative logarithm multiplier
Authors: Nandan Durgesh , Kanungo Jitendra , Mahajan Anurag
Published: May 2018

Multiplication is one of important arithmetic component for digital signal processing, neural network and image processing. But, it is well known fact that multiplier has most hardware consuming component out of all arithmetic components. Here, it is given a possible solution by using an efficient VLSI architecture of Mitchell’s algorithm based Iterative Logarithmic Multiplier (ILM) with modified architecture of Leading One Detector (LOD) and seamless pipelined technique. The proposed work is based on the hardware minimization at the same error cost than of previously reported architectures. We use VHDL to design the existing and proposed Mitchell’s algorithm based iterative logarithmic multiplier. Both multipliers design are evaluated with the Synopsys design compiler by using 90 nm CMOS technology and compared the results in terms of Data Arrival Time (DAT), area, power, Area Delay Product (ADP) and energy. The proposed Mitchell's based ILM gives 33.18 %, 39.03 % and 31.62 % less ADP, 25.08 %, 38.08 % and 46.72 % less energy for 8, 16, and 32 bits architecture respectively in comparison of the reported ILM. The importance of LODs and seamless pipeline has been shown in an efficient architecture of Mitchell's based ILM.
Identification of Micro-calcification in Mammogram for Breast Cancer Analysis using SVM Classifier
Authors: Makwana Gaurav , Gupta Lalita
Published: May 2018

Breast cancer is most common disease in women of all ages. To identify & confirm the state of tumor in breast cancer diagnosis, patients are undergo biopsy number of times to identify malignancy. Early detection of cancer can save the patient. In this paper a novel approach for automatic segmentation & classification of breast calcification is proposed. The diagnostic test technique for detection of breast condition is very costly & requires human expertise whereas proposed method can help in automatically identifying the disease by comparing the data with the standard database. In proposed method a database has been created to define various stage of breast calcification & testing images are pre-processed to resize, enhance & filtered to remove background noise. Clustering is performed by using k-means clustering algorithm. GLCM is used to extract out statistical feature like area, mean, variance, standard deviation, homogeneity, skewness etc. to classify the state of tumor. SVM classifier is used for the classification using extracted feature.
Performance estimation of Adaptive threshold median filter design in image Denoising
Authors: Bhargava Choubey Shruti , Choubey Abhishek
Published: May 2018

Picture denoising is utilized as a part of numerous fields like PC vision, remote detecting, medicinal imaging, apply autonomy and so forth. In a significant number of these applications the presence of rash clamour in the procured pictures is a standout amongst the most widely recognized issues.  The concept of this method is to provide simple but efficient method of image de-noising using filter to improve the performance and reduce the complexity of implementation. This method use the combination of average filtering and median filtering to remove the noise and produce better results with small window size 3x3. So the image details preservation is also better with small window. Mathematical results show that quality of image is better than the other filtering methods. Hardware implementation of this method is also very easy; because less number of calculations required removing the noise. Reconfigurable hardware filters may be embedded with photo acquirements provision to gain that goal. Field programmable doorway order (FPGA) is appropriate because pipelining or parallelism facts processing. What’s more, though the filtering algorithm techniques huge amount over data, however such does no longer require to shops a cluster regarding intermediate data and has the consequent properties: easy of computing or reproducible, for this reason it is suitable to be applied the usage of FPGA.
Low Power Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulators Using the Three Stage OTA and Dynamic Comparator
Authors: Gupta Anshu , Gupta Lalita , K. Baghel R
Published: May 2018

A second-order sigma delta modulator that uses an operational transconductance amplifier as integrator and latch comparator as quantizer. The proposed technique where a low power high gain OTA is used as integrator and another circuit called dynamic latch comparator with two tail transistors and two controlling switches are used to achieve high speed, low power and high resolution in second order delta sigma modulator. It enhances the power efficiency and compactness of the modulator by implementing these blocks as sub modules. A second order modulator has been designed to justify the effectiveness of the proposed design. Technology 180nm CMOS process is used to implement complete second order continuous time sigma delta modulator.  We introduce the sub threshold three stage OTA, which is a way of achieving low distortion operation with input referred noise at 1 KHz is equal to the 2.2647pV/   and with low power consumption of 296.72nW.  A high-speed, low-voltage and a low-power Double-Tail dynamic comparator is also proposed. The proposed structure is contrasted with past dynamic comparators. In this paper, the comparator’s delay will be investigated and systematic analysis are inferred. a novel comparator using two tail transistor is proposed, here circuitry of a customized comparator having two tail is changed for low power dissipation and also it operates fast at little supply voltages. By maintaining the outline and by including couple of transistors, during the regeneration strengthening of positive feedback can be maintained, this results in amazingly diminished delay parameter. It is investigated that in proposed design structure of comparator using two tail transistors, power consumption is reduced and delay time is also diminished to a great extent. The proposed comparator is having maximum clock frequency that is possibly expanded up to 1GHz at voltages of 1 V whereas it is dissipating 10.99 µW of power, individually. By using sub threshold three stage OTA and dynamic standard two tail latch comparator, designed second order sigma delta ADC will consume 29.95µW of power.
Design of Power Efficient 32-Bit Processing Unit
Authors: Asha Devi Dharmavaram , Sandeep Chintala , Sugun L Sai
Published: May 2018

The proposed paper is discussed about the design, verification and analysis of a 32-bit Processing Unit.  The complete front-end design flow is processed using Xilinx Vivado System Design Suite software tools and target verification is done by using Artix 7 FPGA. Virtual I/O concept is used for the verification process. It will perform 32 different operations including parity generation and code conversions: Binary to Grey and Grey to Binary. It is a low power design implemented with Verilog HDL and power analysis is implementedwith clock frequencies ranging from 10MhZ to 100GhZ. With all these frequencies, power analysis is verified for different I/O standards LVCMOS12, LVCMOS25 and LVCMOS33.
FPGA Prototyping of Micro-Blaze soft-processor based Multi-core System on Chip
Authors: Prasad Acharya G , Asha Rani M
Published: May 2018

The increased demand for processor-level parallelism has many-folded the challenges for SoC designers to design, simulate and verify/validate today’s Multi-core System-On-Chip (SoC) due to the increased system complexity. There is also a need to reduce the design cycle time to produce a complex multi-core SOC system thereby the product can be brought into the market within an affordable time. The Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) provide a solution for rapidly prototyping and validating the system. This paper presents an implementation of multi-core SoC consisting of 6 Xilinx Micro-Blaze soft-core processors integrated to the Zynq Processing System (PS) using IP Integrator and these cores will be communicated through AXI bus. The functionality of the system is verified using Micro-Blaze system debugger. The hardware framework for the implemented system is implemented and verified on FPGA.
Optimum Number of Clusters in Randomly Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Singh Chandrawanshi Veervrat , Kumar Tripathi Rajiv , Pachauri Rahul
Published: May 2018

The wireless sensor networks (WSN) are energy constraint because of finite batteries used as energy resources. The efficient utilization of these energy resources and prolonging lifetime are the most crucial research challenges in WSN. Clustering is considered one of the best suitable technique that carries out efficient resource allocation and higher scalability for sensor networks. The clustered networks have a big concern on the optimum number of clusters in a network. In a WSN, such a number of clusters significantly contribute in the betterment of network life time, energy resource utilization, system scalability and efficient data routing. In the proposed work, an analytical approach has been explored that provides optimum number of cluster in a WSN for various topologies. The proposed method takes both free space and multipath losses into consideration by assuming that the base station is located at the boundary of the sensing field.
An extensive simulation research on AODV in mobile ad hoc environment
Authors: Poluboyina Lavanya , Kumar Reddy V Siva , Prasad A Mallikarjuna
Published: May 2018

Technical advancements in wireless technology and portable devices leading to new features in wireless communication networks, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are a kind of them. MANETs are, containing autonomous mobile nodes (nodes with special abilities) a class of multihop wireless networks where two distant nodes can communicate with each other without a centralized administration or an underlying network infrastructure. Networks having such features find applications like where there is a need for an instantaneous temporary network to handle emergency situations. On the other hand, being dynamic networks with time to timevarying topologies MANETs are placing the challenges in routing the data packets in the network. This paper presents an extensive simulation work done on the most prominent ondemand routing protocol i.e., ad hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol (AODV) is for a set of performance evaluation parameters by varying a set of various network parameters.
New PSO Techniques for the Optimization of Economic Load Dispatch of Thermal Generated Power
Authors: Singh Nagendra , Nighoskar Anjali , Nagar Ajay
Published: May 2018

Generation of electrical power at a thermal power plant at low cost is a great challenge. As the cost of fuel, transportation, and maintenance increased, the generation of power cost per unit also increases. Economic load dispatch analysis is one of the ways to use the all available generating units, generate the power in such a way so that demand can be fulfilled. It also helps us to maintain the different constraints. The latest PSO with strong capability of searching global solution proposed in the work. It can handle the economic load dispatch without affecting the constraints limits. The proposed new PSO has the capability to move the particles in the area of examining very fast. And evaluate the solution effectively in very short of the span. Work also extended and solved for ELD problem of the test data of 2, 3 and 6 generating unit systems using PSO, WIPSO, SOH-PSO and new PSO. The result with new PSO shows that the associated algorithm is effective and efficient compared with PSO techniques used in this work.
An Analytical Model Verification for high Gain H- Slot RPA Using Discontinuities of Radiator
Authors: Tiwari Pritesh , Gupta Lalita
Published: May 2018

Antenna plays an important role in most of the RF and microwave applications. Intensifying applications of wireless communications now a day’s persist to challenge RF or microwave Antenna with ever more meticulous requirements- smaller size, lighter weight, high performance, economical and easy for fabrication. The advancement in the modern materials fabrication technologies  and different research on novel materials, including monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC), low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC), high-temperature superconductors (HTS), micro electro mechanic system (MEMS), and micromachining technology, have encouraged the fast strengthening of latest microstrip and supplementary Antenna for RF and microwave applications. The manuscript presented here is a representation of the H shape patch antenna design and effect of coupling of parasitic patch and discontinuities in radiating structure in order to achieve high gain and better bandwidth (-10 dB).  A mathematical model is presented which has been established on the basis of result obtained. The working frequency range of the manuscript is from 1 GHz to 20 GHz.
Shelter Brazen Out Apprehension and Their Exposure in VANET
Authors: S. Ramani Dr , R. Senkumar M , Kumar Manish
Published: May 2018

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) is an application of MANET, due to its high mobility node which became exceedingly challenging research area. Vehicles which are connected to the NET through OBU (On board unit) are treated as nodes normally with high mobility in VANET. These nodes are certainly have authentication to transceives the status and refuge signals through one control groove having a modest bandwidth. This may origin an increasing impinging to the channel especially in impenetrable traffic circumstance. In Vehicular Accident Prevention System, the refuge messages are transceives through OBU sporadically on the highway to all of their neighbors within hearing range. These refuge messages are time sensitive and have stringent delay requirements. For these kinds of serious issue, Broadcast Authentication Protocol and Safe Routing are proposed against DDoS Attacks. The DDoS attacks broadcast towards authentication protocol leads to foreclose enervated authenticator. VANET networks is strongly dependent on their security and time alone features through routing, which will be conferred in this paper. The proposed protocol aims to make periodic the refuge messages to the proper authenticated nodes, so as to reduce the load on control groove as well as to avoid the collision within the short area of the sender vehicle.
Frequency Domain based Digital Down Conversion Architecture for Software Defined Radio and Cognitive Radio
Authors: Sahukar Latha , M. Madhavi Latha Dr
Published: May 2018

This paper presents a sampling rate digital down converter that is totally based on frequency domain processing. The proposed DDC is targeted for Software Defined Radio and Cognitive Radio architectures. The proposed architecture is based on replacement of the complex multiplication with direct rotation of the spectrum. Different aspects of frequency domain filtering are also discussed. The Xilinx Virtex-6 family FPGA, XC6VLX240T is used for the implementation and synthesis of the proposed FFT-IFFT based architecture. The overlapping in time domain at the output of the IFFT block is avoided using overlap and add method. In terms area, highly optimized implementation is observed in the proposed architecture when compared to the conventional DDC. The synthesis results have shown that the developed core works at a maximum clock rate of 250 MHz and at the same time  occupies  only 10% of the slices of  FPGA.
Design of delay efficient Booth multiplier using pipelining
Authors: Choubey Abhishek , Subbarao SPV , B. Choubey Shruti
Published: May 2018

Multiplication is one of the most an essential arithmetic operation used in numerous applications in digital signal processing and communications. These applications need transformations, convolutions and dot products that involve an enormous amount of multiplications of an operand with a constant. Typical examples include wavelet, digital filters, such as FIR or IIR. However, multiplier structures have relatively large area-delay product, long latency and significantly high power consumption compared to other the arithmetic structure. Therefore, low power multiplier design has been always a significant part of DSP structure for VLSI design. The Booth multiplier is promising as the most efficient amongst the others multiplier as it reduces the complexity of considerably than others. In this paper, we have proposed Booth-multiplier using seamless pipelining. Theoretical comparison results show that the proposed Booth multiplier requires less critical path delay compared to traditional Booth multiplier. ASIC simulation results show proposed radix-16 Booth multiplier 13% less critical path delay for word width n=16 and 17% less critical path delay compared for bit width n=32 to best existing radix-16 Booth multiplier.
VLSI Design flow for Secure Integrated Circuits based on DES, TDES, AES and Blowfish Algorithms and their performance
Authors: Swamy Varkuti Kumara , Benakop Prabhu
Published: May 2018

Information Communication Technology (ICT) and Information Security (IS) are playing vital role in the present day communications. Information is prone to side channel attacks at software level where as it is very difficult to hack the information at hardware level.  Security is the major concern in the paperless communication and cashless online transactions. This paper aims to implement the most secured Improved Modified Blowfish Algorithm (IMBFA) by incorporating cell substitution using Wave Dynamic Differential Logic (WDDL) and interconnect decomposition  in the VLSI Design flow to not to allow the hacker to estimate or predict the key. Proposed IMBFA which can result in high speed, high throughput and effective memory utilization compared to Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple Data Encryption Standard (TDES), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Blowfish (BF). In this research paper, IMBFA yielded minimum delay as 71.067 ns, frequency of the design as 14.07 MHz, memory utilization as 62.481MB and throughput is 900Mbps compared to AES, TDES and DES algorithms. It is simulated using ModelSim, Synthesized using Leonardo Spectrum and implemented using Verilog HDL.
Acoustic comparison of electronics disguised voice using Different semitones
Authors: K. Singh Mahesh , K. Singh A , Singh Narendra
Published: May 2018

This paper emphasizes an algorithm that is based on acoustic analysis of electronics disguised voice. Proposed work is given a comparative analysis of all acoustic feature and its statistical coefficients. Acoustic features are computed by Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) method and compare with a normal voice and disguised voice by different semitones. All acoustic features passed through the feature based classifier and detected the identification rate of all type of electronically disguised voice. There are two types of support vector machine (SVM) and decision tree (DT) classifiers are used for speaker identification in terms of classification efficiency of electronically disguised voice by different semitones.
Application of System Engineering in Election Voting System
Authors: Mudda Mallikarjun , Bhargava Choubey Shruti
Published: May 2018

Election System is one of the indicators of the democratic country when this country is giving equal rights to the eligible citizens to choose their leaders or to give their candidatures, to participate in the country development by criticizing the government on how thing are being done and how they want to be done (i.e. means listen the views of the citizens). An E-voting system is one of the system engineering where different technologies are applied to analyze, design and implement a dynamic system which is satisfying the user needs. In this work we are discussing on the futures of Election Management System (EMS) by mentioning some of the problems and coming up with the solutions. The system is having the strong securities in the way that the hackers cannot be able to enter our system to make any change during the registration of the voters and candidates as well as in the election period till the end of election (i.e. tabulation, store votes, and display the final election results). We are developing, designing and implementing Electronic Voting Machine composed by Hardware, Software and Network.
Adaptive Spray and Wait Protocol for Vehicular DTN
Authors: Pandya Vyomal , Bhargava Choubey Shruti
Published: May 2018

Because of high speed of vehicles, short contact durations and rapid changes in topology occurs in Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks(VDTNs). This will generates few transmission opportunities and high and unpredictable delay. This problem can be solved by different routing protocol of VDTN . The VDTN protocol can be divided as single copy and multicopy. In single copy protocol the node is allowed to generate the unique copy of message and forward it on a unique path.The multi copy protocols generate and transmit the multiple copies of each message and forward it along various paths. If more number of copy spread in network there are more chances for successful transmission. The objective of paper is to improve performance of VDTN by modifying existing Spray and Wait protocol. In this paper we provide proposed algorithm for modify spray and wait protocol for improving delivery probability with different number of message copy. The modifications based on stored number of message copies at source/rely nodes and encountered nodes ratio.
An Efficient MAC Architecture using Multiplier for DSP and DIP Operations
Authors: Rahul Reddy P , Vyomal N Pandya , Choubey Abhishek
Published: May 2018

DSP operations are very important part of engineering as well as medical discipline. For the designing of DSP operations Multiplication is play important role to perform signal processing operations. Multiplier is one of the critical components in the area of digital signal processing and hearing aids. So the objective is to design an efficient MAC hardware architecture using multiplier with assistance of compressors by conserving less area, power and delay. In this paper, efficient hardware architecture of MAC using a modified Wallace tree multiplier is proposed. The proposed MAC uses multiplier with novel compressor designs and adders as primitive building blocks for efficient application. Further, the Verilog-HDL coding of 8 bit MAC architecture and their FPGA implementation by Xilinx ISE 14.4 Synthesis Tool on Virtex7 kit have been done. The proposed compressor and adder based architecture used to be applied to MAC unit and in comparison to the previous design MAC unit and verified that the proposed architecture have reduce in terms of area, delay and power. The high performance is obtained by using a new hierarchical structure, these adders are called compressors.  These compressors make the multipliers faster as compared to the conventional design used in Engineering, Science & Technology as well as medical discipline.
Bandwidth Estimation Algorithm of WestwoodNR for Wireless Network
Authors: Vyomal N Pandya , Reddy P. Rahul , Choubey Abhishek
Published: May 2018

Two widely known parameters of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) used to control the flow of packets are Congestion Window (cwnd)  & Slow Start Threshold (ssthresh). After congestion, slow start phase or fast-retransmit phase come in action wherein TCP has an important role in the reduction of these parameters. This is in response to packet loss identified by TCP. This in turn will cause unnecessary reduction of data flow & degradation of TCP throughput. Researchers have developed some algorithms to come out of this problem, WestwoodNR is one of them. WestwoodNR is using Bandwidth Estimation algorithm to estimate available bandwidth, to make effective use of available network capacity even after the congestion episode. It allows higher values of ssthresh & cwnd when it enters the fast-retransmit phase and slow start phase. In turn this algorithm claims better performance in terms of bandwidth utilization. The focus of this paper is on error recovery mechanisms suitable for WestwoodNR operating over the wireless sub path. These mechanisms have to address the increased bit error probability and temporary disruptions of wireless links. The efficiency of WestwoodNR within wireless scenarios is investigated and possible modifications that lead to higher performance are pointed out.
Image Denoising Using Discrete Wavelet Transform : A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Bhargava Praveen , Choubey Shruti , Bhujade Rakesh Kumar , Jain Nilesh
Published: May 2018

Noise is a random variation in brightness and color in image or simply we can say that unwanted signals are called noise. The noise is mixed with original signal and cause may troubles. Due to the presence of noise, quality of image is reduced and other features like edge sharpness and pattern recognition are badly affected. In image denoising methods to improve the results a hybrid filter is used for better visualization. The hybrid filter is composed with the combination of three filters connected in series. The hybridization has performed much better in case of salt and pepper type of noise and for most of the medical image type, either MRI, CT, SPECT, Ultra Sound. PSNR values show major improvement in comparison of other existing methods. Future, the results obtained from the presented denoising experiments would be tried to be improved further by using this method with other transform domain methods. Finally, the results are concluded that the proposed approach in terms of PSNR, MSE improvement is outperformed.
Comparative study of Object Recognition Algorithms
Authors: Jaiswal R.S. , Sarode M.V.
Published: May 2018

The world we live in is full of enormous masses of digital visual information. This enormous  amount of digital visual information motivates us to develop robust and efficient object recognition technique. Most of the work reported in this paper focuses focus light upon efficient techniques that can be used for recognition of object and its applications.  Here in this paper, various techniques for object recognition in an image are discussed.
Design and analysis of attitude control algorithm for low earth orbiting satellite with magnetic torquer concepts using nonlinear unscented Kalman filter
Authors: Raja M. , Ugur Guven Dr. , Om Prakash Dr.
Published: May 2018

Attitude control system plays the important role for to maintain the satellite to desired orientation. To control the satellite it is necessary to do the attitude stabilization. Attitude stabilization achieved by Star sensor, sun sensor, Earth sensors. Attitude control is mainly use for antenna pointing accuracy, camera focus to earth surface and solar panel pointing toward sun. Due to tumbling effects, satellite will rotate all the direction in the space. To maintain the orientation of the satellite it is necessary to design the attitude determination and control. Satellite consider as the rigid body. Inertia matrix describes the rigid body dynamics. The orientation of the satellite determine by Euler angle and Quaternion. The Low earth orbiting satellite will have enormous amount of aerodynamic drag stinking the satellite body and gravitational attraction another problem. Because of that satellite dwell, time is reduced. It means satellite more time spending particular part of the earth. The attitude estimation is measures by the orientation of vectors. Attitude estimation means to find the position and orientation of flying object with respect to the fixed reference of reference. Vector remains considered in the frame of reference to compute for find the orientation of the body of the satellite in the inertial reference system. The Earth is an inertial reference frame, and Satellite is a body frame. Attitude sensor used to measure the satellite orientation in the reference frame. This will help in accurately predicting the orbit deviation and a control system to correct if any by providing the satellite momentum means â€˜mass in motionâ€™ changes in a body rapidly in Low earth orbit due to centripetal force acting on a satellite. Attitude control system (ACS) need the numerical simulation to find the required torque demand by the help of difference between reference input (Attitude) signal and feedback signal measure by attitude sensor to trim the control surface maintain the actuator required orientation . The results will consist of two parts the first part consisting of the attitude estimation using Euler angle and Quaternion method, second part consist of estimate the control torque from magnetic torquer and error estimation using non-linear filter (Unscented Kalman Filter) with MATLAB simulation.Â Â