bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF WAYS TO REMOVE OXIDE FILM FROM THE SURFACE OF METALS AND SOLDER MATERIALS IN THE SOLDERING PROCESS UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS
Authors: Agali Guliyev, Aynur Sharifova, Svetlana Hajiyeva Agali Guliyev, Aynur Sharifova, Svetlana Hajiyeva
Published: June 2021

The article considers important to study the issues of removal of oxide films from the surface of metals and solder materials and the increase of homogeneity of the space in the process of soldering under the active gas and vacuum conditions. Theoretical and experimental studies have shown that the process of self-fluxing is mainly associated with the reduction of adsorption forces, dispersion of oxide films and solubility in solder.
Keywords: steel unit, copper-phosphorus alloy, active gas-vacuum, melting temperature, cracking, wetting, oxide film, self-fluxing, microstructure, hardening.
Geopolitical Development of the Czech State
Authors: Gardavský Václav
Published: June 2021

The paper deals about the development of the Czech state since its beginning up to now. This development is connected to the development of Central Europe and Europe. Stress is put upon the influence of the geopolitical position of the Czech Republic and upon its millenary state continuity. This investigation enables to demonstrate exposure of the Czech state for the next century.
Economic-Political Development and Environmental Changes in Former Czechoslovakia 1948-1989
Authors: Jeleček Leoš
Published: June 2021

This paper outlines the recent state of environment in former Czechoslovakia on the background of some historico-geographical features. Special attention is devoted to the period 1948-1989. Main trends in unfavorable environmental changes, their political, social, and economic causes, connections and consequences are discussed. Some possible solution of the recent environmental situation are indicated.
On a connection between some classes of mapping on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Afanas'eva Olena , Bilet Viktoriia
Published: June 2021

In this paper we study the connection between $\eta$-quasisymmetric homomorphisms and $K$-quasi\-con\-for\-mal mappings on $n$-dimensional smooth connected Riemannian manifolds. The main result of our research is the Theorem 3.1. For its proof we use a partition of unity method, which subordinate to the locally finite atlas of the manifold. Several results on the boundary behavior of $\eta$-quasisymmetric homomorphisms between two arbitrary domains, QED (uniform) domains and domains with weakly flat boundaries and compact closures on the Riemannian manifolds are also obtained in view of the above relations. The obtained results can be applied to Finsler manifolds with the addition of some conditions, which will take into account the specific of the initial manifold.
On one extremal problem for nonlinear Cauchy-Riemann-Beltrami systems
Authors: Salimov Ruslan , Stefanchuk Mariia
Published: June 2021

The study of nonlinear Cauchy--Riemann--Beltrami systems is conditioned study of certain problems of hydrodynamics and gas dynamics, in which there is an inhomogeneity of media and a certain singularity. The paper considers a nonlinear Cauchy--Riemann--Beltrami type system in the polar coordinate system in which the radial derivative is expressed through the complex coefficient, the angular derivative and its m-degree module. In particular, if m is equal to zero, then this system of equations
is reduced to the ordinary linear system of Beltrami equations. Note that general first-order systems were used by M.А. Lavrentyev to define quasiconformal mappings on the plane, see \cite{L}. The problem of area distortion under quasi-conformal mappings is due to the work of B. Boyarsky, see \cite{Bo}. For the first time, the upper estimate of the area of the disk image under quasi-conformal mappings was obtained by M.А. Lavrentyev, see \cite{L}. A refinement of the Lavrentyev inequality in terms of the angular dilatation was obtained in the monograph \cite{BGMR}, see Proposition 3.7. In the present paper, it is found an exact upper estimate of the area of the image of the disk, which is analogous to the known result by Lavrentyev. Also, we find here a mapping on which the estimate is achieved. Thus, the work solves the extreme problem for the area functional of the image of disks under a certain class of regular homeomorphic solutions of nonlinear systems of the Cauchy--Riemann--Beltrami type with generalized derivatives integrated with a square. The work uses p-angular dilatation. In the conformal case, angular dilatation is important in the theory of quasi-conformal mappings and nondegenerate Beltrami equations. Proof of the main result of the article is based on the differential relation for the area function of the image of disks of arbitrary radii, which was established in the previous work of the authors for
regular homeomorphisms with Luzin's N-property.
Local behavior of homeomorphisms with a finite mean over spheres
Authors: Sevost'yanov Evgeny , Skvortsov Sergei
Published: June 2021

It is well known that the modulus method is one of the
most powerful tools for studying mappings. Distortion estimates of
the modulus of paths families are established in many known classes,
in particular, the modulus does not change under conformal mappings,
is finitely distorted under qu\-a\-si\-con\-for\-mal mappings, at
the same time, its behavior under mappings with finite distortion
depends on the dilatation coefficient. One common case is the study
of mappings for which this coefficient is integrable in the domain.
In the context of our research, this case has been studied in detail
in our previous publications and its consideration has mostly been
completed. In particular, we obtained results on the local,
boundary, and global behavior of homeomorphisms, the inverse of
which satisfy the weight Poletsky inequality, provided that the
corresponding majorant is integrable. In contrast, the focus in this
paper is on mappings for which a similar inequality may contain non
integrable weights. Study of the situation of non integrable
majorants, in turn, is associated with the specific behavior of the
weight modulus of the annulus, which is achieved on a certain
function and up to constant is equal to $(n-1)$-degree of the Lehto
integral. To the same extent, these results are also related to
finding the extremal in the weight modulus of the ring. The basic
theorem contains the result about equicontinuity of homeomorphisms
with the inverse Poletsky inequality, when the corresponding weight
has finite integrals on some set of spheres, and the set of
corresponding radii of these spheres must have a positive Lebesgue
measure. According to Fubini's theorem, the mentioned result
summarizes the corresponding statement for any integrable majorants
and is fundamental in the sense that it is easy to give examples of
non integrable functions with finite integrals by spheres. In
addition, since conformal and quasiconformal mappings satisfy the
Poletsky inequality with a constant majorant in the forward and
inverse directions, the basic theorem may be considered as a
generalization of previously known statements in these classes. Note
that the main result does not contain any geometric constraints on
the definition and image domains of the mappings, in particular, the
definition domain is assumed to be arbitrary, and the image domain
is supposed to be only a bounded domain in Euclidean $n$-dimensional
space. The proof of the main theorem is given by the contradiction,
namely, we assume that the statement about equicontinuity of the
corresponding family of mappings is incorrect, and we obtain a
contradiction to this assumption due to upper and lower estimates of
the modulus of families of paths.
Identification of van der Pol oscillator parameters
Authors: Baraniukova Iryna , Shcherbak Volodymyr
Published: June 2021

An invariant relations method for parameters estimation is used for the wellknown van der Pol oscillator. The approach is based on dynamical extension of original system and synthesis of appropriate invariant relations, from which the unknowns can be expressed as a functions of the known quantities on the trajectories of extended system. The stability property is formally checked taking into account the oscillatory behavior of the system. The simulation results confirm efficiency of the proposed scheme of nonlinear identificator design.
Damping parameters indentification of Lienard polynomial system
Authors: Zhogoleva Nadiia , Shcherbak Volodymyr
Published: June 2021

In many applications of physics, biology, and other sciences, an approach based on the concept of model equations is used as an approximate model of complex nonlinear processes. The basis of this concept is the provision that a small number of characteristic types movements of simple mathematical models inherent in systems give the key to understanding and exploring a huge number of different phenomena. In particular, it is well known that the complex oscillatory motion can be modeled by a system consisting of one or more coupled nonlinear oscillators that governs by differential equation of a second-order. A Lienard system, namely $ \ddot x(t)+f(x(t))\dot x(t)+g(x(t)) = 0$,
is a generalization of the such models. Here $f(x(t))$
and $g(x(t))$ are functions that represent various nonlinear phenomena.
The typical sources of nonlinearities in Lienard systems
are as follows: large displacements
of the structure provoking geometric nonlinearities, a nonlinear material behavior, complex law of damping dissipation, etc.
In fact, parameter identification
is the base of several engineering tasks: identification can be used for
the following: (i) to gain knowledge about the process behavior, (ii) to validate theoretical
models, (iii) to tune controller parameters, (iv) to design adaptive control algorithms,
(v) to process supervision and fault detection, (vi) to on-line
optimization.
Hence, in order to represent these nonlinearities, identifying
the parameters characterizing their behaviors is essential.
The problem of constructing globally convergent identificator for polynomial representation of damping force in general Lienar oscillator is addressed.
The method of invariant relations is used for identification scheme design. This aproach is based on dynamical extension of original system and construct of appropriate invariant relations, from which the unknowns parameters can be expressed as a functions of the known quantities on the trajectories of extended system. The final synthesis is carried out from the condition of obtaining asymptotic estimates of unknown parameters. It is shown that an asymptotic estimate of the unknown states
can be obtained by rendering attractive an appropriately selected
invariant manifold in the extended state space.
Elements of probability theory with values in bihyperbolic algebra
Authors: Kolomiiets Tamila
Published: June 2021

In this paper we expand the concept of a really significant probabilistic measure in the case when the measure takes values in the algebra of bihyperbolic numbers. The basic properties of bihyperbolic numbers are given, in particular idempotents, main ideals generated by idempotents, Pierce's decompo\-sition and the set of zero divisors of the algebra of bihyperbolic numbers are determined. We entered the relation of partial order on the set of bihyperbolic numbers, by means of which the bihyperbolic significant modulus is defined and its basic properties are proved. In addition, some bihyperbolic modules can be endowed with a bihyperbolic significant norms that take values in a set of non-negative bihyperbolic numbers. We define $\sigma$-additive functions of sets in a measurable space that take appropriately normalized bihyperbolic values, which we call a bihyperbolic significant probability. It is proved that such a bihyperbolic probability satisfies the basic properties of the classical probability. A representation of the bihyperbolic probability measure is given and its main properties are proved. A bihyperbolically significant random variable is defined on a bihyperbolic probability space, and this variable is a bihyperbolic measurable function in the same space. We proved the criterion of measurability of a function with values in the algebra of bihyperbolic numbers, and the basic properties of bihyperbolic random variables are formulated and proved. Special cases have been studied in which the bihyperbolic probability and the bihyperbolic random variable take values that are zero divisors of bihyperbolic algebra.
Although bihyperbolic numbers are less popular than hyperbolic numbers, bicomplex numbers, or quaternions, they have a number of important properties that can be useful, particularly in the study of partial differential equations also in mathematical statistics for testing complex hypotheses, in thermodynamics and statistical physics.
On Dirichlet problem for Beltrami equations in finitely connected domains
Authors: Petkov Ihor , Ryazanov Vladimir
Published: June 2021

Boundary value problems for the Beltrami
equations are due to the famous Riemann dissertation (1851) in the
simplest case of analytic functions and to the known works of
Hilbert (1904, 1924) and Poincare (1910) for the corresponding
Cauchy--Riemann system. Of course, the Dirichlet problem was well
studied for uniformly elliptic systems, see, e.g., \cite{Boj} and
\cite{Vekua}. Moreover, the corresponding results on the Dirichlet
problem for degenerate Beltrami equations in the unit disk can be
found in the monograph \cite{GRSY}.
In our article \cite{KPR1}, see also \cite{KPR3} and \cite{KPR5}, it
was shown that each generalized homeomorphic solution of a Beltrami
equation is the so-called lower $Q-$homeomorphism with its
dilatation quotient as $Q$ and developed on this basis the theory of
the boundary behavior of such solutions. In the next papers
\cite{KPR2} and \cite{KPR4}, the latter made possible us to solve
the Dirichlet problem with continuous boundary data for a wide
circle of degenerate Beltrami equations in finitely connected Jordan
domains, see also [\citen{KPR5}--\citen{KPR7}].
Similar problems were also investigated in the case of bounded
finitely connected domains in terms of prime ends by Caratheodory in
the papers [\citen{KPR9}--\citen{KPR10}] and [\citen{P1}--\citen{P2}].
Finally, in the present paper, we prove a series of effective
criteria for the existence of pseudo\-re\-gu\-lar and multi-valued
solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the degenerate Beltrami
equations in arbitrary bounded finitely connected domains in terms
of prime ends by Caratheodory.
A SIMPLE GENERALIZED CONSTRUCTION OF RESOLVABLE BALANCED INCOMPLETE BLOCK DESIGNS WITH PRIME BLOCK SIZES
Authors: Saka A.J. , Adetona R.A. , Jaiyéolá T.G.
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a Simple Generalized Construction of Resolvable Balanced Incomplete Block Designs whose parameter combination is of the form $v=k^2, ~r=k+1, ~\lambda=k^0=1$, where $k$ is prime. The design construction was achieved by using the cyclic subgroup of the symmetric group $S_k$ whose generator is one of the permutations of the $2$-permutation generating set of the Dihedral group $D_k$ and $2$-permutation generating set of the presentation of $S_k$. The method is efficient, sufficient and also mitigate against the tediousness encountered in other methods of construction when $v$ is large.
Sorption Extraction of Rare Earth Metals from Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Zhazira Baltabekova , Bagdaulet Kenzhaliyev , Nina Lokhova , Kaisar Kassymzhanov
Published: June 2021

When apatites and phosphorites are processed, up to 30% of rare earth metals are converted into wet-process phosphoric acid. Wet-process phosphoric acid from the phosphorite treatment process differs from apatite one by impurity composition, i.e. the iron content is by 3.5 times, and calcium is by 5.0 times more. The complex composition of the wet-process phosphoric acid from the phosphorite treatment process requires additional researches to select optimal ion exchangers and technological parameters of sorption. Various aspects of sorption have been studied to select the optimal ion exchangers and technological parameters, and technological modes for desorption of rare earth metals from a cation exchanger to obtain a concentrate of rare earth metals have been completed. The method enables to extract rare earth metals without changing the composition of commercial wet-process phosphoric acid directly in the production process of the enterprises engaged in the phosphorite treatment process.
Characteristic Curve Prediction of a Commercial Centrifugal Pump Operating as a Turbine Through Numerical Simulations
Authors: Vásquez Diego Penagos , Uribe Jonathan Graciano , García Sebastián Vélez , del Rio Jorge Sierra
Published: June 2021

In this work, we seek to predict the characteristic curve of a commercial centrifugal radial flow pump operating as a turbine, applying a novel methodology based on the state of the art. Initially, the characteristic curve in pump mode is validated through numerical simulations. The results obtained are approximate to the points awarded by the manufacturer, with an error of less than 7% at the best efficiency point. Subsequently, the characteristic curve is generated in turbine mode, obtaining an error of less than 10% respect to mathematical model. Then, velocity and pressure contours are evaluated to validate the fluid dynamic behavior. Finally, the site operating conditions for electricity generation are obtained. With this, it is proposing a methodology for the selection of these turbomachines, applying an economic technology for zones that do not have access to the electrical energy, since it was not found a method that is being applied for its correct election in the hydroelectric generation at low scale.
X-Ray Fluorescence of Copper, Nickle and Zinc Nanoparticles in Motor Oil Prepared by Laser Treatment
Authors: Kadhim Abdulhadi , Al-Amiery Ahmed
Published: June 2021

This paper represents an attempt to link different techniques such as laser and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Where we used the laser in preparation and used X-rays to diagnose and analyze for non-traditional samples. The experimental procedure of the LSP is done by using a convergent lens to deliver 600 mJ (1064 nm) of energy and 10 ns laser pulse produced by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser of 1.5 mm spot size in diameter. Doubled distilled deionized water (DDDW) of 3 mm depth is used as transparent confining layer. X-Ray fluorescence technique used to analyze and determine the concentration of different nanoparticles suspended in motor oil. The results showed the accuracy in XRF measurements. the results of the motor oil analysis for Cu, Ni and Zn were 0.1225, 0.0480 and 0.000 weight percent respectively. Maximum relative error between actual measurements and XRF measurements were 6.5%, 10% and 12.5 for Cu, Ni and Zn nanoparticles respectively. The best percentage of suspension is 0.01 wt.%.
MADRASAH ALIYYE IN TBILISI (1847–1919)
Authors: QOCA MƏMMƏDLİ Gülnara
Published: June 2021

Georgia, being a generally recognized landmark of the Caucasus, attracts Turkey's and Azerbaıjan's attention both because of its strategic border neighborhood and because hundreds of thousands of Azerbaijanis and representatives of other Turkic-Muslim communities live in it. Islam is the most widespread religion in the country after Christianity. The Georgian land preserves the centuries-old history of Islamic civilization and the rich heritage of Islamic education, the traditions of madrasahs and mektebs. The purpose of this article is to highlight the activities of the spiritual madrasah Aliyye (for Shias) in 1847–1919 in the capital of Georgia, Tbilisi, as an example of Islamic education in the country. The main primary sources of research are the materials of the Central Historical Archives at the National Archives of Georgia in Russian, Georgian and Azerbaijani. Important facts obtained using the method of analyzing archival information on this issue were studied, classified and evaluated from a scientific and pedagogical point of view. The article concludes that the close centuries-old contacts of Georgia with the Islamic world, playing the role of a corridor between Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan, contributed to the integration of religions, civilizations here, as well as the development of Islamic teachings and education. Scientific research of this problem is of great importance in the context of interfaith and intercultural relations.
ANALYSIS OF CYPRUS ARCHEOLOGICAL CYLINDER SEAL VISUALS
Authors: YAZGIN Yücel
Published: June 2021

People have tried to determine their "personality" and "property" rights by using special signs and symbols since ancient times. These symbols are the signs that people who lived together and formed a community in the conditions of that day that they agreed on. One of the human-made tools, on which these special personality and property markers appear are cylinder seals. Different expressions were made besides determining personality and property by means of text and images engraved on cylinder seals. In this research, cylinder seals, which are archaeological artifacts in the island of Cyprus, exhibited in museums and may be subject to the relevant literature were examined. The seals that make up the sample consist of cylinder seals exhibited in Cyprus archaeological museums, in the British Museum, Metropolitan Museum and the Cyprus artifacts sections of the John Hopkins Museum. The cylinder seals used by the communities and governments that have dominated Cyprus in the historical process have been investigated as visual imagery. Therefore, images on cylinder seals produced in Cyprus or neighbouring cultures between 2000 BC and 600 BC were investigated. In this research, the engravings on seals that were produced in neighbouring cultures and brought to Cyprus as a gift or were imported also examined. All figures made on the seals were produced in neighbouring cultures and brought to the island with different methods were also included in the study. In this context, the features of the motif, figure, inscription, decoration and patterns used on 191 cylinder seals obtained during the research process were investigated. As a result of the examination, figures which engraved on the seals was coded in accordance with their themes, all the images engraved on the seals were divided into categories. Six main categories were determined as a result of categorical division. Twenty-seven themes belonging to the identified main six categories were also determined. Among the scrapings on the cylinder seals that constitute the sample of the research; visuals that determine the variety of food production, agriculture, mining, blessing and sacrifice scenes, and demonstrating the scenes of a birthday of the seal owner were encountered. From the pictures drawn on the cave walls, it is known that such special signs or images serving different purposes were used. In this context, the fact that only pictorial images were engraved on some of the cylinder seals reveals the view that they existed before the writing and that the tradition of that period continued on the seal engraving after the writing was found.
DIGITALIZATION OF EDUCATION WITH COVID-19
Authors: AKMANLAR Nur , AKKARTAL Erkut
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the impact of COVID-19 on education system. Changes in education system have been interpreted this paper from both Turkey as well as the world in general. While education was shaped according to Covid-19, did it actually fulfill the necessity of the age of the 21st century? In fact, online education was an idea that many schools had designed, but it wasn't much studied on it. Thanks to COVID-19, the transition of education to online platforms could not be achieved step by step. Education underwent a mandatory change without sufficient study time. For such a radical change, it is necessary to proceed step by step, and this is a time-consuming process. There was no opportunity to see the shortcomings in the change process of education system. The world suddenly abandoned traditional education, education modernized in accordance with the age. Also, this sudden change in education system has brought many problems. With online education, it is estimated that there will be certain skill deficiencies in future students. This may affect the productivity in business life in the future. In this article, economic aspects of digitalization of education will be discussed. Well-managed issues, inadequacies and inequalities in the online education process will be emphasized in paper. As a result of different researches and surveys, online education has been addressed from different perspectives.
ZAMAKHSHARİ'S CRITICISM OF SUNNIS IN HIS WORK AL-KASHSAF
Authors: ALTUN Hilmi Kemal
Published: June 2021

Zamakhshari, who is himself a dark mu'tazilite, was accepted not only by Mu'tezile but also by other factions with his other works, especially his Tafsir. However, the fact that Zamakhshari is a Mu'tazilite in faith is clearly reflected in his works. If you look at the weighted works of thought, especially the Monk, the traces of a propagandist mood and ideological approach are clearly visible. In this respect, it is seem that the author directs the arrows of criticism on his opponents with the reflex of defending the sect to which he belongs-especially on certain issues. It is also possible to count Shiites and Sunnis in terms of factions, and Sufizm in terms of criticism of the way religion is perceived. In this study, Zamakhshari's criticisms of Sunnis, especially those who refer to them as “mujbira”, “Kadariyya”, “hashaviyya”, “navabites”, “the people who call their own desires Sunnah, claiming that they are Sunnah,” “those who claim to be about the right”, will be discussed.
SATISFACTION SURVEY IN TOKİ HOUSES: CASE OF KARABÜK
Authors: SUZAN Tuncer , YAMAN Kemal
Published: June 2021

This study aims to reveal the satisfaction level of TOKİ mass house users who live in Karabük province. The survey data were analyzed using the T-test to compare the means of the two groups, the ANOVA test to compare the means of more than two groups, and the tukey test to find out which groups with a significant difference between them. As a result of the field survey, it was determined that the individuals living in TOKİ houses considered that the size of the living room in the houses where they resided, usefulness of the general plan of the house, and the fact that the rooms in the house received daylight were sufficient. However, it can be said that they were undecided about the number and size of the rooms in the houses, kitchen and bathroom sizes, and materials used, sound and insulation, fire measures, exterior paints and their appearance. It was determined that the participants considered that the lighting around the houses was sufficient. However, it was determined that they were undecided about the adequacy of environmental factors such as areas around the houses, parking lot, shopping malls, facilities where cultural activities are implemented, sports facilities, educational institutions, health units, places of worship, landscaping, public transportation facilities, infrastructure services, municipal services and security. It was revealed that the residents of the houses who participated in the study could ask for help from their neighbors and could meet with neighbors at regular intervals at home. However, it is observed that they were undecided about whether they were satisfied with their neighbor relations, meeting with neighbors at building meetings, and the presence of cooperation and solidarity among the neighbors.
GRAPHIC DESIGN SOLUTIONS APPLIED ON CHILDREN'S ROOM SURFACES IN INTERIOR DESIGN
Authors: YAVUZ ÖDEN Hülya
Published: June 2021

Design elements such as typography, illustration, and photography used in graphic design can also be used indoors on surfaces and reinforcement elements. Original designs support the creation of the identity of the place. It is of great importance to use visual arts in the space. One of the areas of design that greatly affects people in the illustration. Whatever the content of the illustration, it can include different visual styles that can be expressed artistically. The art of illustration can express difficult concepts quickly. For this reason, illustrations are used in different techniques. Thus, it can be used to create unique designs that can reveal the difference of the brand. The uniqueness of the illustration used in the interior design is also effective in the formation of space's own identity. Illustrations that are uniquely designed based on the user's wishes should be used. Instead of fashionable design trends, the application of the appropriate forms to the concept of the space ensures the creation of the original space. The research aims to examine the use of graphic elements used in interior design, which is one of the factors that affect the formation of children's identity, on space surfaces. Qualitative methods were used as a method, and a literature review was made on graphic design and space design for children. The analyzed examples are limited to the use of typography and illustration on the walls and reinforcement element surfaces in the interior design of the children's room. The application images in the personal archive were used. Besides, internet resources were searched and the samples of the children's room were examined.
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF CITY COUNCILS FOR LOCAL GOVERNANCE
Authors: HENDEN ŞOLT H. Burçin
Published: June 2021

The process of change in the management approaches of cities encourages stakeholder participation. Multi-actor, transparent and controllable urban administrations should be the basic vision of modern cities. Because the heterogeneous structure is like a symbol of cities. It is important for the governance approach to have environments where different interest groups can come together for social reconciliation. City councils are examples of this situation. In the understanding of local government, there is a flow in favor of locality. This situation is valuable for local democracy. Effective and efficient participation of urban people in decisions contributes to accountability, social solidarity, and citizen awareness. Members of public, private, and non-governmental organizations can participate in city councils. It is therefore strong in terms of governance. The aim of this study is to examine the place and importance of city councils in terms of urban democracy. First of all, the conceptual framework of the phenomena is emphasized. Then, the roles in the establishment of local democracy through the structure of city councils are discussed. It is possible to realize the principles of governance in the functioning of city councils. Governance and city councils will play an active role in bringing a positive vision to cities. Therefore, city council activities that can work efficiently should be supported.
EFFECT OF MASSAGE ON RECOVERY AFTER AN EXERCISE
Authors: ATAN Tülin
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine whether massage has an effect on recovery after high intensity exercise. 20 male volunteer students (age 23.00 ± 2.99 years) attending the Faculty of Sports Sciences were participated the study. Repeated vertical jump test (DST) was applied 30 seconds with one week intervals as an anaerobic exercise. Ten randomly selected subjects first recovered after DST without massaging the legs, while the other 10 subjects recovered by massage. A week later; the subjects recovered without massage were recovered by massage, while the subjects who were massaged were recovered without massage. The resting heart rate (HR) values of the athletes were taken before DST, and then subjected to the DST test. Recovery of the subjects was followed up for 15 minutes after the test. HR measurements were recorded every minute of recovery. Shapiro Wilk test was used to check whether the data showed normal distribution and parametric statistical analysis was used because data sets are normally distributed. Paired t test was used for the pairwise comparison. HR values at 1st and 2nd minutes of massage recovery after anaerobic exercise were lower than non-massage recovery HR values (p<0.05). Recovery by massaging reduced HR faster and accelerated recovery. Massage recovery values up to 5 minutes of recovery are lower, although not statistically significant. Between the 2nd and the 15th minutes of the recovery, HR values did not differ statistically (p>0.05). As a conclusion, when massage is performed, recovery occurs faster in the first 5 minutes after exercise. This result shows that starting massage immediately after exercise accelerates recovery.
ESTIMATION OF RELATIONS BETWEEN LOGISTICS PERFORMANCE COMPONENTS BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: ALTINTAŞ Furkan Fahri
Published: June 2021

Countries will be able to determine the degree of logistics performance input components to provide the logistics output components, and countries will be able to reveal which logistics input components should be carried out to provide output components. This situation enables countries to make sense of their contributions to the global economy and global trade. In this context, the relationship structure between logistics performance input components and logistics performance output components over the values of Logistic Performance Index (LPI) components of the countries in 2018, 2016, 2014, 2012 and 2010 LPI reports has been predicted with Artificial Neural Networks. According to the findings, the predictive values of contribution to the affective structure of the input components were listed as infrastructure, customs and service quality, and the predictive values of contribution to the influence structure of the output components as timeliness, international shipments and tracking and trace. As a result of the findings, it was found that the independent variables included in the analysis have quite high predictive power for dependent variables. Finally, the significance and normalized significance estimation significance values of the independent variables are listed as infrastructure, service quality and customs. In the study, it was observed that the contribution predictions of customs and service quality logistic input components to the structure of affecting the logistic output components were less than the infrastructure component. Therefore, it has been concluded that countries should carry out activities that will provide logistics performance output components of service quality and customs components in order to increase their own logistics performance and to contribute more to the global economy and trade.
Özel Gereksinimi Olan Çocuklar ve Tamamlayıcı Beslenme
Authors: HÜR Gülşah , ÇINAR Nursan
Published: June 2021

Özel gereksinimi olan çocuklar, karşılaştıkları gelişimsel sorunlar nedeniyle yaşlarına göre beklenen rolleri yerine getirememekte ve özel yardıma ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Çocuğun altıncı aydan sonra oral duyu motor gelişiminin hazır olmasıyla kaşıkla ve parmakla beslenmeye başlanması, püre haline getirilmiş ve kolay parçalanan besinleri alması beklenmekte iken, özel gereksinimi olan çocuklarda tamamlayıcı beslenmeye geçiş zamanında gerçekleşememekte ve uygun besinin alımında gecikmeler olmaktadır. Özel gereksinimi olan çocuklarda 0-1 yaş döneminde yeme aktiviteleri sırasında annesini emme, biberondan beslenme, kaşıkla yeme, yutma, çiğneme, yiyeceğe ulaşma ve yiyeceği ağzına götürerek yemede sorunlar görülmektedir. Yeterli ve dengeli beslenme, çocukların sağlıklı büyüme ve gelişmesi için gereklidir. Özel gereksinimi olan çocukların beslenmesi birçok faktörden etkilenmektedir. Yetersiz beslenme, yoksulluk ve beslenme bozuklukları gibi nedenlerle dünyada milyonlarca çocuğun sağlığını etkileyen sorunlardan biridir ve özel gereksinimi olan çocuklar için ayrıca risk oluşturmaktadır. Yetersiz beslenme, engelliliğin hem nedeni hem de sonucu olabilmektedir.

Çocuk hemşiresinin çocuktaki gelişimsel yetersizlikleri ve gereksinimleri bilmesi, erken müdahale ile komplikasyonların önlenmesi için önemlidir. Bu derleme, özel gereksinimi olan çocukların tamamlayıcı beslenmede yaşadığı sorunların değerlendirilmesi amacıyla literatürdeki kaynaklardan yararlanılarak hazırlanmıştır.
Secondary stress in contemporary British English: An overview
Authors: Dabouis Quentin
Published: June 2021

Cet article présente une revue de la littérature sur la nature et le placement de l’accent secondaire en anglais ainsi que des résultats d’études récentes utilisant des données dictionnairiques, qui confirment l’essentiel de ce qui était connu sur le fonctionnement de l’accent secondaire en anglais mais apportent une compréhension plus détaillée du phénomène.
Some sociolinguistic evaluations of performances of the California Vowel Shift: a matched-guise study
Authors: Habasque Pierre
Published: June 2021

Les études sociolinguistiques (Eckert : 2000 ; Labov : 1966 ; 1972) ont montré que certains allophones peuvent être porteurs de significations sociales. Qu’un locuteur ait recours à un allophone donné peut en effet donner des indications sur son âge, son genre ou sa classe sociale. Le but de cet article est de présenter les résultats d’une étude portant sur des significations sociales attribuées à des performances du changement vocalique en chaîne californien (California Vowel Shift, ou CVS), un mouvement vocalique antihoraire affectant presque toutes les voyelles de l’anglais américain. Le CVS est régulièrement utilisé à la télévision dans des performances parodiques de personnages incapables, insipides ou futiles, ce qui laisse penser que ce phénomène peut donner lieu à des évaluations sociolinguistiques négatives. Afin de tester cette hypothèse, une étude quantitative de perception a été menée auprès de 123 étudiants de California State University, Northridge. Il leur a été demandé de « noter » quatre voix : celle d’un homme et celle d’une femme prononçant la même phrase avec leur accent standard et faisant une performance du CVS. Les participants ont attribué les notes à l’aide d’une échelle sémantique différentielle à sept points afin de tester la perception de six variables. Les résultats montrent que les perceptions de l’amabilité, de l’agréabilité (pleasantness) et du niveau d’éducation des locuteurs sont grandement affectées par la présence de la performance du CVS, ce qui suggère que les participants attribuent bien des significations sociales aux performances de ce mouvement en chaîne. Les perceptions des autres variables (l’âge et le genre du locuteur) ne semblent pas être influencées par les performances de façon significative, cependant. L’article défend l’idée que les propriétés acoustiques de certaines des voyelles de ce mouvement vocalique peuvent déclencher une stigmatisation de la part des participants. Quatre hypothèses sont avancées pour expliquer ces résultats : l’idée que les participants partagent une idéologie commune à l’égard du CVS en raison de représentations médiatiques parodiques qu’ils auraient pu voir, le principe d’iconicité phonique, une vallée de l’étrange (uncanny valley) linguistique ou une forme de misogynie linguistique.
Intra-speaker phonetic micro-variation, and its relationship to phonetic and phonological change
Authors: Chevalier Florent
Published: June 2021

Ce travail se propose d'observer les trajectoires de micro-variation phonétique individuelle dans quatre discussions dyadiques enregistrées dans les années 1980 dans la communauté ouvrière de la ville de Glasgow. Après avoir exposé l’importance de cette micro-variation, dont il est souvent fait abstraction en sociolinguistique, dans l’étude du changement phonétique, cette étude se consacrera à la variation dynamique inter-locuteur pour des variables ayant subi un changement dans l’anglais vernaculaire de Glasgow au XXème siècle : les caractéristiques articulatoires (aperture, antériorité) et temporelles (longueur) dans la réalisation des voyelles /i/ et /ʉ/. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que la variation à très court terme (durant les enregistrements) possède une trajectoire similaire à la variation déjà notée à long terme (durant le XXème siècle). Nous supposons également que la convergence inter-locuteur se fera en direction du locuteur dont les caractéristiques phonétiques (qualité vocalique) et phonologiques (oppositions de quantité vocalique) sont les plus proches de la future norme. Si nos résultats ne permettent de valider aucune de nos prédictions, ils soulèvent de nouveau des questions quant à la nature du mécanisme d’accommodation linguistique et le rôle des facteurs sociaux tels que l’âge.
French and English Phonologies in Contact: The Case of Montreal English
Authors: Rouaud Julie
Published: June 2021

Montréal concentre actuellement plus d’un tiers de la population des anglophones du Québec. Cette communauté linguistique relativement importante montre des signes d’augmentation du bilinguisme français-anglais, en raison de ses contacts avec la majorité francophone, en particulier à partir des années 1970. Ces contacts ont commencé dès la fin du XVIIIe siècle. Par conséquent, on peut se demander si le français exerce une influence sur les variétés de l’anglais canadien qui sont en contact avec lui, tant d’un point de vue lexical que phonologique. Le présent article se concentre sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle la variété de l’anglais parlée par les anglophones de Montréal est davantage influencée par le français que les autres variétés d’anglais du Canada. L’étude de ces deux communautés linguistiques dans une perspective historique nous éclaire sur la situation actuelle entre le français et l’anglais à Montréal. Dans cette étude, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus oral, PAC[Montréal] (2016-2017), qui s’inscrit dans le cadre méthodologique du programme PAC (Phonologie de l’Anglais Contemporain : usage, variétés, structure). Les données orales ainsi que les métadonnées sociolinguistiques recueillies dans les enquêtes permettent de décrire plus précisément la communauté linguistique étudiée, tout en analysant ses spécificités phonético-phonologiques. Une classification des degrés de bilinguisme a été créée pour les quatorze informateurs de PAC[Montréal] à partir des informations sociolinguistiques. Ces degrés sont mis en relation avec les performances des informateurs dans les tâches de lecture et conversation, afin de mesurer le rôle du français dans l’anglais de Montréal. Quatre traits caractéristiques du français québécois sont étudiés en tant que marqueurs de francisation : l’assibilation, les réalisations du r et du /y/ et les voyelles nasales. L’analyse de ces marqueurs dans les trois groupes tend à confirmer que le taux de francisation est significativement plus élevé chez les bilingues, suggérant une possible évolution vers une langue mixte. Par ailleurs, les résultats phonologiques et acoustiques suggèrent que l’interférence opère de façon similaire chez les bilingues dominants et équilibrés, ce qui remet en question la traditionnelle distinction entre ces deux catégories.
The Potential Role of Surprisal in Predicting Pronunciation Problems in L2 English Phonology
Authors: Pukli Monika
Published: June 2021

Dans cet article, nous essayons de déterminer si les propriétés phonologiques de la complexité de l'articulation, associées à la familiarité du mot et à sa fréquence d'utilisation chez l’apprenant, peuvent expliquer les erreurs de prononciation en anglais L2. Par analogie avec un modèle de phonologisation (en anglais L1) de Hume et Mailhot (2013), on s'attendrait à ce que l’on trouve plus d’erreurs dans les mots « imprévisibles » (inhabituels, dont l'articulation est complexe) que dans les mots plus familiers, et de même à ce que les mots « prévisibles » (plus fréquents et simples) soient également plus souvent mal prononcés que la moyenne. L'analyse des erreurs de prononciation chez des locuteurs d’anglais francophones n’indique pas de corrélation significative entre les catégories « d’imprévisibilité » (faible/moyenne/élevée) et la fréquence d'erreurs. Les résultats montrent que les locuteurs font bien des erreurs sur des mots « d’imprévisibilité » très élevée, mais pas systématiquement, et que les mots « d’imprévisibilité » très basse sont rarement mal prononcés. La principale découverte, cependant, est une relation irrégulière entre les niveaux du CECRL des formes lexicales et le nombre d'erreurs : sans surprise, la catégorie avec le plus de problèmes est celle de C2 (qui regroupe les mots archaïques et inconnus), mais dans les cinq autres catégories les erreurs diminuent à mesure que l'on passe des mots faciles de niveau A1 à des mots plus difficiles de niveau C1.
Vers une définition des constructions « tough » en anglais : les adjectifs et leur complément infinitif
Authors: Boutault Joasha
Published: June 2021

Les constructions dites « tough », par exemple this device is easy to use, ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études visant notamment à élucider le problème du statut du sujet syntaxique : s’agit-il de l’objet du verbe infinitif en structure profonde ou bien est-il inséré dans sa position de surface ? Ce travail se concentre sur les relations sémantiques et syntaxiques qu’entretiennent l’adjectif et son complément infinitif en anglais. A l’aide de plusieurs tests et en étudiant le sémantisme d’énoncés véritables en contexte, nous proposons une classification des constructions « tough » reposant sur leurs propriétés sémantico-syntaxiques. Ceci nous permet de définir ce que nous estimons être les « véritables » constructions « tough », à savoir les énoncés qui isolent obligatoirement les propriétés du référent de l’argument sujet dans sa relation au prédicat infinitif.
Heating and emission characteristics of briquettes developed from spent coffee grounds
Authors: Kim Yeongsu , Park Tusan , Hong Donghyuck
Published: June 2021

The development of biomass fuels to replace fossil fuels is on the rise, with increased bioenergy research on spent coffee grounds (SCG). However, no biofuel can currently replace anthracite briquettes. Unlike ordinary solid fossil fuels, anthracite briquettes are heated for a long time and retain the same form after combustion, making them easier to transport. In this study, binders are used to develop a solid fuel that allows SCG to retain their shape after combustion. Specifically, bottom ash (BA) and kaolinite clay (KC) are mixed in different ratios then processed with a press machine and cured to produce briquettes that exhibit zero damage, even after combustion. The results show that the optimal composition for SGC briquette production according to fuel quality and ash shape retention is 20 wt.% SCG; 71 wt.% BA; 9 wt.% KC; and 15 wt.% solution with a 20:1 water/Ca(OH)2 mixing ratio. This results in a low heating value of 15.8 MJ/kg, 86.82% durability before combustion, and 99.46% durability after combustion. In addition, combustion tests with SCG briquettes confirmed their potential as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel to anthracite briquettes.
Potable Water Order Forecasting System Using Data Mining Technique
Authors:   Division of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Phranakhon Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10220, Thailand, Vorapracha Phatarapon
Published: June 2021

Potable water order forecasting system using data mining technique. It aims to analyze, design and develop potable water order forecasting system using data mining technique. There is a comparison data mining techniques were compared using the C4.5 algorithm and Bayesian classification algorithm. The researcher found that the C4.5 algorithm is more suitable for drinking water ordering system. This web application system allows the system to predict each customer's drinking water orders. Subscription support ordering, drinking water and bank payment. In terms of user interaction and use the MySQL database program to organize the system database. The result of development potable water order forecasting system using data mining technique. Have tested data mining techniques were compared using the C4.5 algorithm and Bayesian classification algorithm. The researcher found that the C4.5 algorithm is more suitable for drinking water ordering system. From data research results using data in 9 months of training and 2 months of testing, it was found that the accuracy was 85.59%. C4.5 algorithm and test the system from the evaluation of 2 administrators, 3 employees and 5 customers, total 10 people with average mean of 4.20 .