bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características físicas, químicas e sensoriais de biscoitos elaborados com mistura de farinhas
Authors: Gouvea Izabela Fernanda Sirigatti , Maciel Mariana Pereira Rezende , Carvalho Elisângela Elena Nunes , Cirillo Marcelo Ângelo , Vilas Boas Brígida Monteiro , Nachtigall Aline Manke
Published: May 2021

Os biscoitos caracterizam-se pela elevada aceitação e por permitirem o emprego de uma versatilidade de ingredientes em suas formulações. O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar cookies com a mistura das farinhas de talos de beterraba (FTB), flocos de aveia (FA) e farinha de trigo (FT) e avaliar as características físicas, químicas e sensoriais dos mesmos. Os cookies foram desenvolvidos empregando-se o delineamento experimental centróide simplex, com um ponto central e restrição do limite máximo de farinha de trigo em 50%. Nos biscoitos foi determinada a atividade de água (Aw), o pH, o Ho, o C* e a aceitação dos atributos sabor, textura e aspecto global. O modelo linear mostrou-se o mais adequado para explicar a variação da Aw, do pH e de todos os atributos sensoriais, sendo que o quadrático conseguiu predizer as variações do Ho e do C*. A FTB apresentou efeito sinérgico sobre a Aw e antagônico sobre o pH, já o contrário foi observado para os FA. Os biscoitos elaborados com FTB apresentaram cor marrom e com menor pureza de cor, ao passo que os FA e a FT originaram biscoitos dourados e com maior pureza de cor. Os atributos sensoriais foram afetados negativamente pela presença da FTB. Portanto, a FTB apresentou influência marcante sobre os parâmetros físicos, químicos e sensoriais. No entanto, ressalta-se que quando a FTB foi empregada em até 17% da base farinácea obtiveram-se bons resultados.
Quiste de la bifurcación bucal mandibular. Análisis sistemático de la literatura y reporte de un caso
Authors: Cazar Almache Marcelo Enrique , Torres Calle María Fernanda , López Tumbaco Jonnathan Xavier , Torres Cevallos Paul Andrés
Published: May 2021

Introducción: El quiste de la bifurcación bucal mandibular (QBBM) es una lesión quística de origen odontogénico, que se presenta en relación con la superficie bucal del primer y segundo molar mandibular, con características clínicas, radiográficas e histológicas similares a otras entidades patológicas de la mandíbula relacionadas a procesos inflamatorios.  Clínicamente suelen presentarse como una inflamación en el vestíbulo de la región de primeros y segundos molares vitales, con presencia de bolsas periodontales profundas.  Existe controversia en la etiología exacta y el tratamiento por lo que el presente estudio tiene como objetivo discutir las características clínicas y radiográficas del QBBM, el diagnóstico diferencial y su tratamiento el cual difiere si la enucleación quística incluye o no la extracción dental. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en distintas bases digitales, recopilando información relevante que justifique los hallazgos del presente caso. Resultados: En este caso en particular ciertas características como la proyección del esmalte en la zona de la bifurcación fue un indicativo claro del QBBM. El tratamiento de elección fue la enucleación del quiste con la extracción de la pieza dentaria.
Toxina botulínica no tratamento da paralisia facial: um tratamento reabilitador minimamente invasivo
Authors: Ênia Juliana Roberta Neves , Fernandes Jéssica Gonçalves de Almeida , Nascimento Fernando , Silva Luciana de Araújo Mendes , Reis Tais , Dietrich Lia
Published: May 2021

A toxina botulínica é obtida através de uma bactéria anaeróbica conhecida como Clostridium botulinum, e pode ser utilizada para diversos fins, desde estético até o tratamento de diversas doenças, como na reabilitação de pacientes com paralisia facial. O objetivo do presente trabalho é mostrar a importância e os efeitos da aplicação da toxina botulínica em pacientes com paralisia facial, bem como analisar as indicações e aplicabilidades clínicas do produto. Foram realizadas buscas em bases de dados como Google Acadêmico, Lilacs, Scielo, preferencialmente entre o período de 2000 a 2020, buscando as palavras chaves: “Paralisia Facial”, “Toxina botulínica”, “Simetria da face”, em que foram selecionados artigos com textos completos, escritos em português e inglês. O uso da toxina botulínica na reabilitação de pacientes com paralisia facial vem aumentando cada vez mais e os estudos a respeito do produto estão em crescimento, de forma a se alcançar um protocolo único de utilização, mesmo que ainda pode-se notar escassez desses estudos. A reabilitação dos pacientes com paralisia facial utilizando a toxina botulínica é eficaz e segura, sendo uma opção para melhorar a assimetria facial.
ANALISIS KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU SEKOLAH DASAR GUGUS II KECAMATAN BATANG PERANAP INDRAGIRI HULU
Authors: Sari Diana Novita
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis capaian kompetensi pedagogik guru sekolah dasar gugus II Kecamatan Batang Peranap Indragiri Hulu. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 59 guru sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dan instrumen pengumpulan data yaitu kuesioner yang terdiri dari 40 pernyataan positif dan negatif. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif. Hasil penenlitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pedagogik guru sekolah dasar gugus II Kecamatan Batang Peranap Indragiri Hulu tergolong tinggi dengan persentase capaian sebesar 85,37%.
PENERAPAN MODEL QUANTUM TEACHING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SBDP SISWA KELAS IV A SD SWASTA CENDANA RUMBAI
Authors: Alharis Zaki
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya nilai mata pelajaran SBdP siswa kelas IVA di SDS Cendana Rumbai, yaitu 75.3. Oleh karena itu, peneliti menerapkan model quantum teaching untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar SBdP siswa kelas IV A SD Swasta Cendana Rumbai. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas IV A sebanyak 20 orang siswa, yaitu 10 laki-laki dan 10 perempuan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember. Data dan instrumen penelitian diperoleh melalui lembar observasi dan tes hasil belajar. Setelah diterapkan model quantum teaching, aktivitas guru mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I dengan persentase 70.83% menjadi 75%. Pada siklus II persentase 79,16% menjadi 83.33%. Kemudian pada siklus III persentase tetap, yaitu 91.66%. Aktivitas siswa juga mengalami peningkatan, siklus I memperoleh persentase 70.83% menjadi 75%. Kemudian pada siklus II persentase 79,16% menjadi 83.33%. Siklus III persentase 91.66% pada dua pertemuan. Peningkatan hasil belajar SBdP meningkat  yaitu dari nilai rata-rata 76.54 pada di siklus I menjadi 77.5 pada siklus II serta 81.5 pada siklus III. Sehingga diperoleh persentase peningkatan 1.59% pada siklus I dan 2.92% pada siklus II serta 8,23% pada siklus III. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model quantum teaching dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar SBdP siswa kelas IV A SD Swasta Cendana Rumbai.
IMPROVING STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES BY USING MIND MAPPING LEARNING MODEL ON THE THEME OF LOVING PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN GRADE III STATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 030441 PAMAH IN THE LEARNING YEAR OF 2020/2021
Authors: Siallagan Pondang Elisabet , Hasibuan Asnita , Silaban Patri Janson
Published: May 2021

The results of this study show an increase in students' outcomes the Mind Mapping learning model on the theme of Loving Plants and Animals in grade III state elementry school 030441 Pamah. These results are shown in the findings of the study, at the time of the pre-test there were 8 students (27%) achieved the passing grade and 22 students (73%) who did not achieve the passing grade with an average score of 59.93 in learning outcomes. In the post-test cycle I increased to 13 students (43%) who achieved the passing grade while 17 students (57%) did not achieved the passing grade with an average score of 66.4 in learning outcomes. In the post-test cycle II, it increased to 25 students (83%) who achieved the passing grade while 5 students (17%) did not achieve it, with an average student learning outcomes of 80.06. Furthermore, the findings of observations of teachers’ activities in carrying out learning in cycle I acquired a value of 78% (good), the second cycle increased to 92% (very good). The findings of observations of student activities in the first cycle acquired a value of 78% (good), the second cycle increased to 90% (very good).Keywords: Learning outcomes, Mind Mapping
INCREASING THE ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND MATHEMATICS THROUGH DISCOVERY LEARNING MODEL FOR PGMI STUDENTS AT MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY WEST SUMATERA
Authors: Ekawati Ridania
Published: May 2021

Problem research students of PGMI UMSB find it difficult to understand Mathematics learning. Students do not play an active role and think creatively, indicated by low participation in learning. The research objective was to improve the ability to understand mathematics learning at PGMI with the Discovery Learning model. Qualitative and quantitative research methods. Types of Classroom Action Research. The research was conducted in 2 cycles for 2 meetings. Data collection by pretest, posttest, observation, and interviews about the implementation of learning before and after using the discovry learning model. The results of the pretest students think quite creatively 45% while students think less creatively 50%, only 5% think very creatively. In the first cycle of the first meeting of learning with the online discovery learning model with the zoom application, it was seen that 12.5% of students had very high activity level, 25% of students had high level of activity, and 62.5% of students had moderate activity. The percentage of creative thinking is 67% and less creative thinking is 25%, 8% of students think very creatively. In the second cycle student activity in learning increased by 17%, the level of activity was very high, 67% of students had high level of activity, and 16% of students had moderate activity. Students who think creatively reach 80% and think very creatively at 20%. The increase in the average value and the percentage of completeness can be indicated that the application of the discovery learning model of PGMI students can understand  mathematics learning.
Contribution of Education and Teaching Experience to the Professionalism of SDLB Teachers
Authors: Kurniawan Wahyu
Published: May 2021

Extraordinary School Teachers are required to have professionalism in teaching. Teacher professionalism shows the commitment of teachers to improve their professional abilities and develop their skills in carrying out their duties and functions as teachers. This study aims to determine the effect of education, training and teaching experience on teacher professionalism of special elementary school teachers in Kudus Regency. This research is an explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The research subjects were 63 SDLB teachers in Kudus Regency. The sampling technique was carried out by total sampling. The data collection method used a questionnaire. Data analysis using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that education partially had a positive and significant effect on the professionalism of SDLB teachers in Kudus Regency. Teaching experience partially has a positive and significant effect on the professionalism of SDLB teachers in Kudus Regency. Education and teaching experience together have a positive and significant effect on the professionalism of SDLB teachers in Kudus Regency. The result of the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.645 shows that the influence of education, training and teaching experience on teacher professionalism is 64.5%. Teaching experience has the greatest influence on teacher professionalism, amounting to 55.4%.
Peran Sekolah Sebagai Layanan Penitipan Anak dan Dukungan Bagi Keluarga
Authors: Prilia Fita Ratu
Published: May 2021

Peran sekolah sebagai layanan penitipan anak memudahkan anak-anak mendapatkan perawatan dan pendidikan bagi anak-anak prasekolah, tetapi juga layanan dukungan bagi keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pentingnya peran sekolah sebagai layanan penitipan anak dan dukungan bagi keluarga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah content analysis dengan pendekatan library research. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi sumber data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan sekolah menjadi faktor utama yang harus diperhatikan, sebuah konsep yang menyatakan bahwa pengalaman anak sebelum masuk taman kanak-kanak memiliki implikasi yang sangat besar bagi perkembangan dan dapat menentukan apakah mereka akan berhasil atau gagal di sekolah. Kesiapan sekolah berhubungan dengan tingkat perkembangan minimum seorang anak untuk mencapai tuntutan sekolah melalui kualitas kognitif, emosional, dan sosial. Pengembang layanan cenderung melibatkan semua pihak dan sumber daya ke dalam satu sekolah untuk mengupayakan efektivitas dan kelayakan layanan tersebut, dengan cara sekolah bekerja sama menjalin hubungan antara orang tua dan pendidik serta di antara pendidik di dalam sekolah. Menyediakan penitipan anak berkualitas baik adalah alasan untuk memulai layanan perawatan anak, untuk membantu sekolah mengembangkan dan memelihara layanan berkualitas baik.
PENGGUNAAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA
Authors: Yani Yani
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh proses pembelajaran yang masih bersifat teacher center dimana peran guru lebih aktif dalam memberikan penjelasan materi dan terkadang menyajikan demonstrasi, namun kegiatan siswa kurang difasilitasi sehingga keterampilan proses sains siswa kurang diasah. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar keterampilan proses sains siswa meningkat melalui penerapan pendekatan saintifik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan pada siswa SDN 019 Sungai Raya kelas 1 berjumlah 25 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi dan tes keterampilan proses sains. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa keterampilan proses sains siswa pada siklus I memiliki persentase rata-rata sebesar 72,8% dengan kategori tinggi, kemudian mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II menjadi 83,6% dengan kategori sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui penerapan pendekatan saintifik dapat meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains siswa kelas 1 SDN 019 Sungai Raya.
IMPROVING SOCIAL SCIENCES LEARNING OUTCOMES WITH ONLINE LEARNING AT SDN 005 KEMPAS JAYA
Authors: Efnedi Syafri
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to improve social studies learning outcomes by doing online learning. This research is a collaborative classroom action research (CAR) in which teachers and researchers work together. Action / effort research in the learning process in order to improve the learning outcomes of fourth grade students at SDN 005 Kempas Jaya, Kempas District, Indragiri Hilir Regency. The results of this study show that teacher activities in online learning in the first cycle of meeting 1 with 76% increase in the second meeting 76.16%, in the second cycle with the percentage of activities at the first meeting of 80.33% increasing to 85.5% at the second meeting. It can be seen that the teacher's activities carried out in online learning on social studies subjects with repeated examinations were carried out with student social studies learning outcomes by implementing online learning had increased, starting from the basic score or before implementing online learning the average social studies learning outcomes obtained by students was only 56.53, At the end of the first cycle the average score of student learning outcomes increased at the end of the first cycle the average value of student outcomes increased to 65.77 with an increase of 9.24 points. If you pay attention to the condition of student learning outcomes on the basic score and final test of the first cycle, because students are still not familiar with implementing online learning because this learning provides more opportunities for students to be able to use technology in the form of smartphones as a learning tool. Meanwhile, at the end of the second cycle test, the average score of student learning outcomes increased to 69.03 with an increase of 12.5 points. There has been an increase in student learning outcomes by implementing online learning.
Myndos nekropol iskeletlerinin paleoantropolojik analizi ve bir savaşçı mezarı
Authors: AYTEK Ahmet İhsan , YAVUZ Alper Yener , KESİCİ Seda , BENLİ BAĞCI Ece
Published: May 2021

Bodrum Yarımadası’nın batısında, Gümüşlük Beldesi sınırları içinde yer alan Myndos Antik Kenti, antik dönemde yoğun olarak kullanılan iki korunaklı doğal limana sahiptir. MÖ 4. yüzyıldan MS 4. yüzyıla kadar kullanıldığı bilinen nekropol alanında Bodrum Müzesi tarafından gerçekleştirilen kazı çalışmalarında tespit edilen 96 mezar içerisinde, 89 bireye ait iskeletler tespit edilmiştir. İskeletler üzerinde yapılan antropolojik incelemede 73 yetişkin ve 16 yetişkin öncesi döneme yaşlandırılan birey tespit edilmiş olup en sık karşılaşılan ölüm yaş aralığı 35-50 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada bireylerin cinsiyetleri, ölüm yaş aralıkları, boy uzunlukları, ağız ve diş sağlığı durumları, patolojileri ve varyasyonları da ortaya konulmuştur. Bir bireyde kültürel kafatası deformasyonu ve başka bir bireyde nadir görülen bir varyasyon olan iki köklü mandibular köpek dişi tespit edilmiştir. Bir mezarda ise, içinde bükülmüş bir kılıcın da olduğu savaş nesneleri tespit edilmiş olup, mezarın bir savaşçıya, muhtemelen Avrupalı bir paralı askere ait olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma, Myndos Antik Kenti’nden çıkarılan iskeletler üzerinde gerçekleştirilen ve demografik verilerin ortaya konulduğu ilk çalışma olması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Kentte gelecek yıllarda devam edecek kazılarda bulunması muhtemel iskeletler ile kent insanına dair daha detaylı bilgilerin ortaya çıkacağı düşünülmektedir.
Competition Between Pine trees and Necessity of Thinning
Authors: Rogozin M.
Published: May 2021

55-year-old forest crops of 1B bonitet pine were studied on 17 trial areas with continuous tree mapping. Average height and diameter 27.2 m and 20.6 cm, fullness 0.96, density 940–1620 pcs / ha. In the ArcMap–ArcView program, tree feeding polygons were built for the age of 30–40 years (1623 polygons) and for the same trees in 41–55 years with an increase in their area after the fall of trees (596 polygons). The correlation between the feeding area in 30–40 years and the diameter of the tree was r = 0.252±0.023 with an influence strength of 6.4%. In dense areas of crops, the studied correlation decreased to r = 0.19±0.03, and in rare places it significantly increased to r = 0.32±0.03. In dense areas of forest crops from 928 polygons, two samples were formed: from 589 that did not change the area and from 339 with its increase by 23%. The studied correlations were almost equal: for the age of 30–40 years, r = 0.221 and for 41–55 years, r = 0.226. In rare forest crop locations, new polygons increased by 13%, and the difference in correlations was also unreliable. Thus, using an additional feeding area of about 20 years, the trees did not significantly increase the effect of this area on the trunk diameter. The competitive pressure of neighbors was also calculated as the sum of their diameters divided by the feeding area (98 polygons). The strength of the neighbor’s pressure on the central tree was equal to 3.2%, and with such weak competition, there is no need to reduce the density. Therefore, thinning should be moved to the age of 10–15 years, when it is still possible to influence the genetic structure and change the development towards more productive models of cultivation.
Abiotic Factors Effect Research on the Radial Growth of Pinus eldarica Medw.
Authors: Mammadov T. , Bagirova S. , Iskenderov S.
Published: May 2021

On the basis of dendrochronological studies conducted in three geographical areas with different soil and climatic conditions in the Southern foothills of the Greater Caucasus zone in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the dynamics of the width of the trunk rings of the Pinus eldarica Medw species was analyzed. The experiments were carried out in areas where climate variability is more pronounced, and during of the research it was revealed that the role of climate variability in the life cycle of the selected species Pinus eldarica Medw. in the tracked time interval equal to 40 years, it was 16.7%. Within the framework of the applied model considerations, it was also reaveled that models that take into account only biotic factors are 1.48 times lower than models that take into account biotic and abiotic factors simultaneously. The total role of abiotic factors in the life cycle of the selected species was 29.4 %. The chosen model in the next 10 years takes into account the influence of both biotic and abiotic factors with a constant integral influence on the life cycle and on the radial growth of the species Pinus eldarica Medw. fluctuation processes equal to 16.7% (climate variability) on the life cycle for a period of 50 years. In our opinion, quantifying the role of temperature variability on the overall growth dynamics is an element of a certain novelty in this direction.
Influence of Nature and History of Science Courses on Value Perceptions of Elementary Science Teacher Candidates in Conceptual Dimension in Turkey
Authors:   Department of Science Education, Adnan Menderes University, Turkey, Aktamış Hilal , Hiğde Emrah ,   Department of Science Education, Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to determine the changes in understanding about the nature of science (NOS) and conceptual values of 28 elementary science teacher candidates who engaged in the instruction of the nature and history of science (NHOS). A values scale was used to determine the values of science teacher candidates in six areas of the conceptual dimension: Theoretical, economic, esthetic, politic, social, and religious. An open-ended questionnaire in conjunction with individual interviews was used to assess participants’ pre- and post-instruction NOS views. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six science teacher candidates who were selected from the different value levels: Low, medium, and high according to the results of the value scale. In the light of results of this study, the science teacher candidates who were engaged in the NHOS instruction received the highest score from the theoretical value dimension and the lowest score from the religious value dimension. Therefore, it can be suggested that NHOS teaching influenced the value perceptions of elementary science teacher candidates. For this reason, science teacher candidates’ value perception should be considered during the NHOS instruction planning and the teaching of science. Recommendations based on this study include explicitly addressing the NOS aspects in science
Assessing Chemistry Laboratory Skills Through a Competency‑based Approach in High School Chemistry Course
Authors:   Chemistry Department, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Univerisdad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Superior de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Estado de México, Giammatteo Lucila , Obaya Adolfo V. ,   Chemistry Department, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Univerisdad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: May 2021

The present paper offers a competency-based approach to evaluate high school laboratory skills during a chemistry course. The Secretaría de Educación Pública (Mexico’s Ministry of Education) has identified experimental sciences specific competencies that are to be established in high school. This study investigated the following competencies: Formulating scientific questions, posing hypothesis, obtaining and registering information, applying safety norms in handling substances, materials and equipment, conducting practical activities appropriately in the laboratory, handling residues, collecting qualitative and quantitative data, contrasting results, communicating conclusions, and documenting information sources. An assessment tool where the students’ level of achievements was created. This assessment tool evaluated these competencies by considering the curriculum and the students’ graduate profile. Results indicated that by having a consistent evaluation plan and providing students with effective feedback, the students competency levels addressed in laboratory practical’s can be improved significantly.
Trend Analysis of Students’ Academic Performance in Selected Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Subjects in Ogun State Basic Education Certificate Examination (OG-BECE), Nigeria, from 2011 to 2015: A Projection for Five Years
Authors:   Department of Science and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria, Onanuga Peter Abayomi , Saka Adewale O. ,   Department of Science and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
Published: May 2021

The study investigated the trend of performance of students in selected Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) subjects in the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) conducted by Ogun State Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Nigeria. The study adopted an ex post facto research design to carry out the trend analysis of students’ results in the examination from 2011 to 2015. All the students that enrolled and sat for the BECE examinations constituted the target population while the students that sat for the selected STEM subjects (Mathematics, Basic Science, and Basic Technology) within the years under review constituted the sample for the study. The results of these students were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel with its in-built trend line capabilities. The results showed that students performed well in the selected STEM subjects in the years under review. Furthermore, the study revealed that while performance in other subjects will continue to improve steadily, performance in mathematics will dwindle between 2016 and 2018 and then will begin to steadily improve from 2019 to 2020. It is recommended that the government should continue to support teaching and learning of STEM subjects in all tiers of education.
Science Education Professional Development for Primary/Elementary Teachers: A tale of two systems
Authors:   Center for Math and Science Education, University of Arkansas, Arkansas, United States of America, Bell Shawn E. , Sexton Steven S. ,   College of Education, University of Otago, New Zealand
Published: May 2021

This paper reports on the illuminatory and exploratory phase of a study into how two educational systems are interconnecting content, policy, and teaching practice into science professional development (PD). New Zealand implemented a new curriculum in 2007 for full implementation in 2010, which should have altered how science was delivered in primary classrooms. New Zealand, however, began limited PD in science education in 2012. The state of Arkansas in the United States of America endorsed the Next Generation Science Standards in 2015, adopted the new Arkansas K-4 Science Standards in 2016 and Years 5–8 in 2017. Arkansas, however, began its science PD in 2015. Through face-to-face discussions during PD sessions, this study investigated how the teachers were experiencing PD explicitly based on the interconnections of content, policy, and practice. The results of this first phase highlight how due to their participation in PD, teachers in both Arkansas and New Zealand are now talking about how they build on what their students’ know and have experienced. The implications of this research note teachers not only need both the time and opportunity to experience learning but also support as they then implement their new learning into their own classroom practice.
Developing Students’ Argument Skills Using Socioscientific Issues in a Learning Unit on the Fossil Fuel Industry and Its Products
Authors:   Department of Education , Faculty of Education, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, Suephatthima Bureerat , Faikhamta Chatree ,   Department of Education , Faculty of Education, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Published: May 2021

Argument skills play a crucial role in fostering students’ scientific literacy. Students who possess such skills can employ reason and evidence to make decisions. This classroom action research was aimed at investigating the best practices for teaching chemistry to promote argument skills through socioscientific issues (SSI). The participants were 46 Thai students in Grade 12 (students aged approximately 17 years old) studying petroleum chemistry in the first semester of the 2014 academic year. To research my own teaching, I collected data from classroom observation, my reflective journals, the students’ reflective journals, and an argument skill questionnaire (ASQ). Debating on petroleum-related issues helped the students to practice and improve their reasoning skills, and it showed them the importance of using evidence to formulate a reliable argument. The competition to answer questions in class also allowed students to practice reasoning. Finally, the ASQ results indicate that teaching through SSI can improve students’ argument skills. The implication of the pedagogy of argumentation in science classroom is discussed.
The impact of Covid-19 on small businesses in the North of Iraq
Authors: Akbay Cuma , Khalil Diyar Muadh , Odel Naji Masseho
Published: May 2021

This study examines the impacts of COVID-19 on small businesses in the Northern region of Iraq. The survey sample included 235 persons in Erbil governorate. According to the results, small businesses in all sectors in the region have been affected negatively by COVID-19. The COVID-19 has had negative effects on 74% of participants’ business; this means that most of them have suffered huge losses, to the extent that some of them have suffered huge losses more than the profit of the several months before COVID-19. Based on the survey result, sales on debt have increased so much that the average of these sales in debt is 86.4%. The majority of participants pointed out that during the outbreak of coronavirus, most people paid more attention to the price of the product than to the quality
Pesticidas da Vovó
Authors: Colella Julio Cesar Tocacelli
Published: May 2021

O contato com produtos agroquímicos, no tempo de nossos avós, não é como hoje. Para solucionar problemas com os mais variados e sortidos tipos de pragas em suas culturas, não importando se fosse uma horta ou uma área de grande extensão, eles utilizavam métodos físicos e biológicos. Contudo foram caindo no esquecimento devido a imposição das facilidades de novos produtos fitossanitários vindo de indústrias químicas e que respondem rapidamente ao ataque de pragas. No presente, nota-se a volta à origem. O regresso à utilização de produtos que eram utilizados por avós e até bisavós, pois os produtos que tentaram os deixar “obsoletos”, atualmente, não conseguem mais fazer o manejo mínimo que deveriam fazer. Depois de uma pesquisa de 5 anos em publicações sobre o tema, bem como com produtores rurais e com senhores e senhoras de idade que viveram tempos na área rural, hoje vivem na área urbana, nasceu a ideia de escrever este livro, o qual possui o objetivo de tentar, de modo simples e em formato de livro de receitas, reavivar alguns desses manejos que eram utilizados no passado e caíram no esquecimento.
Molecular Insight Into Key Eco-Physiological Process in Bioremediating and Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria
Authors: Mandal Subhrangshu , Saha Kunal Kumar , Mandal Narayan Chandra
Published: May 2021

Over the past few decades, the massive increase in anthropogenic activity and industrialization processes has increased new pollutants in the environment. The effects of such toxic components (heavy metals, pesticides, etc.) in our ecosystem vary significantly and are of significant public health and economic concern. Because of this, environmental consciousness is increasing amongst consumers and industrialists, and legal constraints on emissions are becoming progressively stricter; for the ultimate aim is to achieve cost-effective emission control. Fortunately, certain taxonomically and phylogenetically diverse microorganisms (e.g., sulfur oxidizing/reducing bacteria) are endowed with the capability to remediate such undesired components from diverse habitats and have diverse plant-growth-promoting abilities (auxin and siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, etc.). However, the quirk of fate for pollutant and plant-growth-promoting microbiome research is that, even with an early start, genetic knowledge on these systems is still considered to be in its infancy due to the unavailability of in-depth functional genomics and population dynamics data from various ecosystems. This knowledge gap can be breached if we have adequate information concerning their genetic make-up, so that we can use them in a targeted manner or with considerable operational flexibility in the agricultural sector. Amended understanding regarding the genetic basis of potential microbes involved in such processes has led to the establishment of novel or advanced bioremediation technologies (such as the detoxification efficiency of heavy metals), which will further our understanding of the genomic/genetic landscape in these potential organisms. Our review aimed to unravel the hidden genomic basis and eco-physiological properties of such potent bacteria and their interaction with plants from various ecosystems.
Acoustic Coatings—A Discreet Way to Control Acoustic Environment
Authors: Cucharero Jose , Hänninen Tuomas , Makkonen Marko , Lokki Tapio
Published: May 2021

Acoustic comfort is directly related to enhanced well-being and performance of people. A typical challenge faced by architects and acousticians is to achieve adequate acoustics while maintaining the aesthetics of the space and reducing the visual aspects of acoustic materials and elements. In this study, we present a biofiber-based acoustic coating as a feasible solution to improve acoustic environments while preserving the aesthetics of spaces. An acoustic coating is a thin layer of absorption material, but the coating can be sprayed on other sound absorbing structures to make it more effective on a wide frequency range. In addition, this biofiber-based coating acts as a carbon sink during its operating life, thus reducing the carbon footprint of the building. Therefore, the coating is sustainable and is an environmental friendly solution. The absorption properties of the biofiber-based coating are demonstrated in the present study with three case studies, which all had demanding requirements to conceal the acoustic structures.
Increasing the Execution Speed of Containerized Analysis Workflows Using an Image Snapshotter in Combination With CVMFS
Authors: Mosciatti Simone , Lange Clemens , Blomer Jakob
Published: May 2021

The past years have shown a revolution in the way scientific workloads are being executed thanks to the wide adoption of software containers. These containers run largely isolated from the host system, ensuring that the development and execution environments are the same everywhere. This enables full reproducibility of the workloads and therefore also the associated scientific analyses performed. However, as the research software used becomes increasingly complex, the software images grow easily to sizes of multiple gigabytes. Downloading the full image onto every single compute node on which the containers are executed becomes unpractical. In this paper, we describe a novel way of distributing software images on the Kubernetes platform, with which the container can start before the entire image contents become available locally (so-called “lazy pulling”). Each file required for the execution is fetched individually and subsequently cached on-demand using the CernVM file system (CVMFS), enabling the execution of very large software images on potentially thousands of Kubernetes nodes with very little overhead. We present several performance benchmarks making use of typical high-energy physics analysis workloads.
Using a Ladder of Seeps With Computer Decision Processes to Explore for and Evaluate Cold Seeps on the Costa Rica Active Margin
Authors: Vrolijk Peter , Summa Lori , Ayton Benjamin , Nomikou Paraskevi , Hüpers Andre , Kinnaman Frank , Sylva Sean , Valentine David , Camilli Richard
Published: May 2021

Natural seeps occur at the seafloor as loci of fluid flow where the flux of chemical compounds into the ocean supports unique biologic communities and provides access to proxy samples of deep subsurface processes. Cold seeps accomplish this with minimal heat flux. While individual expertize is applied to locate seeps, such knowledge is nowhere consolidated in the literature, nor are there explicit approaches for identifying specific seep types to address discrete scientific questions. Moreover, autonomous exploration for seeps lacks any clear framework for efficient seep identification and classification. To address these shortcomings, we developed a Ladder of Seeps applied within new decision-assistance algorithms (Spock) to assist in seep exploration on the Costa Rica margin during the R/V Falkor 181210 cruise in December, 2018. This Ladder of Seeps [derived from analogous astrobiology criteria proposed by Neveu et al. (2018)] was used to help guide human and computer decision processes for ROV mission planning. The Ladder of Seeps provides a methodical query structure to identify what information is required to confirm a seep either: 1) supports seafloor life under extreme conditions, 2) supports that community with active seepage (possible fluid sample), or 3) taps fluids that reflect deep, subsurface geologic processes, but the top rung may be modified to address other scientific questions. Moreover, this framework allows us to identify higher likelihood seep targets based on existing incomplete or easily acquired data, including MBES (Multi-beam echo sounder) water column data. The Ladder of Seeps framework is based on information about the instruments used to collect seep information (e.g., are seeps detectable by the instrument with little chance of false positives?) and contextual criteria about the environment in which the data are collected (e.g., temporal variability of seep flux). Finally, the assembled data are considered in light of a Last-Resort interpretation, which is only satisfied once all other plausible data interpretations are excluded by observation. When coupled with decision-making algorithms that incorporate expert opinion with data acquired during the Costa Rica experiment, the Ladder of Seeps proved useful for identifying seeps with deep-sourced fluids, as evidenced by results of geochemistry analyses performed following the expedition.
Petrogenesis, Redox State, and Mineralization Potential of Triassic Granitoids in the Mengshan District, South China
Authors: Yang Yanshen , Pan Xiaofei , Hou Zengqian , Deng Yang , Ouyang Yongpeng , Meng Delei , Xie Tao
Published: May 2021

The Mengshan district is located in the eastern segment of the Jiangnan Orogen in South China. Multi-phase intrusions were emplaced in this district, with the medium-grained porphyritic biotite granite and its marginal phase (fine-grained porphyritic biotite granite) genetically related to metal and non-metal mineralization. In this study, zircon U–Pb ages and trace elements, whole-rock geochemistry, and Nd isotopes were systematically analyzed for medium- and fine-grained porphyritic biotite granite in the Mengshan district, with the aim of elucidating the origin, evolutionary process, redox state, and mineralization competency of the studied granites. The Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) zircon U–Pb dating provided a weighted mean age of 226.6 ± 0.5 to 225.9 ± 0.5 Ma for the studied Mengshan granites, synchronous with the late-episode Triassic magmatism-mineralization in South China. The studied Mengshan granites are high-Si and -K, low-P, and weakly peraluminous, exhibiting features of highly evolved I-type granites. The detailed whole-rock geochemistry and Nd isotopes, and zircon trace elements and Hf isotopes demonstrated that the studied Mengshan granites were likely derived from disequilibrium melting of Proterozoic metamorphic basements that were composed of meta-igneous and metasediments and underwent fractional crystallization of plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite, Fe-Ti oxide, zircon, and apatite. Low whole-rock K/Rb (<150), Nb/Ta (<6), and Zr/Hf (<26) ratios and the metasomatized rim of zircon also suggest that the melt–fluid interaction occurred during the formation of more evolved fine-grained porphyritic biotite granite. The Mengshan granites have a relatively reduced redox state, revealed by their relatively low whole-rock Fe2O3/FeO ratios (mostly < 0.5), zircon Ce4+/Ce3+ratios (mostly lower than 90), and oxygen fugacity (below ΔFMQ + 1.4). The data in this study indicate that the Mengshan granites, especially the more evolved fine-grained porphyritic biotite granite, are favorable for W, Sn, Mo (<0.3 Mt), and Cu (<1 Mt) mineralization. Moreover, the contact zone between the fine-grained porphyritic biotite granite (or other Triassic granites) and the Permian Maokou Formation (flint-nodule limestone) is a potential target region for wollastonite exploration.
Effect of LHCGR Gene Polymorphism (rs2293275) on LH Supplementation Protocol Outcomes in Second IVF Cycles: A Retrospective Study
Authors: GA Ramaraju , Cheemakurthi Ravikrishna , Kalagara Madan , Prathigudupu Kavitha , Balabomma Kavitha Lakshmi , Mahapatro Pranati , Thota Sivanarayana , Kommaraju Aruna Lakshmi , Muvvala Sanni Prasada Rao
Published: May 2021

Infertility is a major concern for couples wanting to have progeny. Despite recent advances in the field of IVF, success rates still need improvement. Understanding the patient’s variability and addressing it with personalized interventions may improve the success rate of fertilization and live births. This study examined the impact of a personalized pharmacogenomic approach on LH supplementation on the pregnancy and live birth rate outcomes in comparison with the traditional approaches. 193 patients undergoing a second IVF cycle in Krishna IVF Clinic received LH supplementation either as per the conventional methods or based on N312S (rs2293275) LHCGR gene polymorphism. Results showed a significant increase in pregnancy rate (P-value: 0.049) and a trend showing improvement in live birth rates (P-value: 0.082) when r-hLH supplementation protocol was decided as per the genotypes A/A, A/G, and G/G of the N312S variant in the respective patients. This stimulation regimen helped in providing optimum levels of r-hLH supplementation to patients with impaired hormone-receptor interacting activity, to achieve higher success in pregnancy and live birth rates.
Epigenetics of Hepatic Insulin Resistance
Authors: Maude Hannah , Sanchez-Cabanillas Claudia , Cebola Inês
Published: May 2021

Insulin resistance (IR) is largely recognized as a unifying feature that underlies metabolic dysfunction. Both lifestyle and genetic factors contribute to IR. Work from recent years has demonstrated that the epigenome may constitute an interface where different signals may converge to promote IR gene expression programs. Here, we review the current knowledge of the role of epigenetics in hepatic IR, focusing on the roles of DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications. We discuss the broad epigenetic changes observed in the insulin resistant liver and its associated pathophysiological states and leverage on the wealth of ‘omics’ studies performed to discuss efforts in pinpointing specific loci that are disrupted by these changes. We envision that future studies, with increased genomic resolution and larger cohorts, will further the identification of biomarkers of early onset hepatic IR and assist the development of targeted interventions. Furthermore, there is growing evidence to suggest that persistent epigenetic marks may be acquired over prolonged exposure to disease or deleterious exposures, highlighting the need for preventative medicine and long-term lifestyle adjustments to avoid irreversible or long-term alterations in gene expression.
Conservation Genomics of Wild Red Sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza) and Its Endangered Relatives in China: Population Structure and Interspecific Relationships Revealed From 2b-RAD Data
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Zhang Zhi-Cheng , Huang Yan-Bo , Xiao Han-Wen , Wu Jun-Jie , Qi Zhe-Chen , Wei Yu-Kun
Published: May 2021

Red sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is a widely used medicinal plant for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Because of excessive excavation by huge market demand and habitat loss by human activities, the wild population resources of S. miltiorrhiza have reduced drastically in recent years. Meanwhile, population status of two closely related species S. bowleyana and S. paramiltiorrhiza were in a trend of decreasing due to their potential replacement of S. miltiorrhiza. Particularly, S. paramiltiorrhiza was threatened and endemic to a small region in eastern China. However, to date there has been no conservation genetic research reported for wild S. miltiorrhiza population and its endangered relatives. Assess the wild germplasm diversity for S. miltiorrhiza and its related species would provide fundamental genetic background for cultivation and molecular breeding of this medicinally important species. In the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity, population structure, and intra/inter-specific differentiation of S. miltiorrhiza and above two relatives using 2b-RAD genome-wide genotyping method. By investigating 81 individuals of S. miltiorrhiza, 55 individuals of S. bowleyana and 15 individuals of S. paramiltiorrhiza from 23 locations in China, we obtained 23,928 SNPs in total. A comparatively high genetic diversity was observed in S. miltiorrhiza (π = 0.0788, He = 0.0783 ± 0.0007). The observed and expected heterozygosity in populations of these three species ranged from 0.0297 to 0.1481 and 0.0251 to 0.831, respectively. Two major lineage groups were detected in the examined S. miltiorrhiza populations. The results indicated that Dabie Mountain as a genetic diversity center of S. miltiorrhiza and possible complex inter-specific genetic exchange/hybridization occurred between S. miltiorrhiza and the two relatives. We suggest that strategic conservation and germplasm preservation should be considered not only for wild populations of S. miltiorrhiza, but also for its related S. bowleyana and S. paramiltiorrhiza.