bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L. EXHIBITS ESTROGENIC EFFECT THROUGH PRESENILIN 2 GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BREAST CANCER CELL LINE MCF-7
Authors: Agustini Kurnia , Wink Michael , Sumaryono Wahono , Suyatna Frans , Siregar Nurjati Chairani
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of Fenugreek seeds, Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in the estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, including its effect on the expression of estrogen-dependent presenilin 2 (pS2) gene.Methods: An activity guided fractionation was carried out with extracts from fenugreek seeds in MCF-7 cells. Cytotoxic activity assays were conducted with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. Most fractions were also tested also tested in media with estradiol 10 nM We also analysed the expression of pS2 gene. For the analysis of pS2 gene expression we employed PCR primers for pS2 and for β-actin as a housekeeping gene using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results: Based on cytotoxic activity assay in MCF-7, the active fractions are ethyl acetic fraction and its phases ethyl acetic (EA) 2 and EA 2.2. The most active fraction was EA 2.2 (IC50=27.129 ppm), which exhibited a biphasic effect; at low concentrations, it stimulated the growth, and at high concentrations it showed strong cytotoxic effects. EA2.2 fraction in concentration 20 ppm, also could induce pS2 gene expression in media with and without estrogen.Conclusion: The most active fraction was the ethyl acetate phase and further subfractions. The most active fraction also induced the expression of pS2 gene which was studied by RT-PCR.
Factors related to the comparative effectiveness of clozapine in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Jiang Yawen , Ni Weiyi
Published: January 2019

Aim:
To examine the factors related to the comparative effectiveness of clozapine.
Patients & methods:
US insurance claims databases were used to identify schizophrenia patients. To examine the factors modifying the comparative effectiveness of clozapine in relation to other second-generation antipsychotics, a series of variables were interacted with a clozapine indicator in regressions.
Results:
The impacts of clozapine on both persistence and adherence were significantly modified by prior hospitalization, prior epilepsy diagnosis and prior use of antianginal agents. The relative risks of heavy inpatient services use and heavy emergency department services use were also modified by several factors.
Conclusion:
Several factors can be used to identify patients who are more likely to benefit from clozapine than other second-generation antipsychotics.
Hacia un Proyecto Educativo Ambiental Universitario - PRAU
Authors: Bedoya Mejía Ángela María , Agudelo Agudelo Alejandro , Poveda Sáenz Adriana Milena , Molina Benítez Jorge Andrés , Cardona Hernández Blanca
Published: January 2019

Reviste importancia y necesidad proveer a las universidades, desde los Proyectos Universitarios de Educación Ambiental -PRAU-, de herramientas metodológicas para incorporar la dimensión ambiental en los currículos de los programas que ofrecen. La Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, integrante como sector académico del Comité Técnico Interinstitucional de Educación Ambiental de Antioquia -CIDEA-, en asocio con otro de sus integrantes: la Corporación Centro de Educación Ambiental -CEA-, toman la iniciativa de explorar un proceso sistemático hacia la formulación del PRAU en esta Universidad, y que a la vez sirva de base para discusiones en ámbitos académicos. Este trabajo da cuenta del diagnóstico de la educación ambiental en la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, fruto del rastreo de percepciones de los docentes, estudiantes y directivos sobre el tema; de los programas académicos; del componente teleológico y de fuentes secundarias. Trabajo direccionado a los lineamientos para fundamentar el Proyecto Educativo Ambiental Universitario -PRAU- en consonancia con la Política Nacional de Educación Ambiental -PNEA-, que transversalice los currículos de los diferentes programas. Metodológicamente se acudió al Diagnóstico Rápido Participativo en el marco de la Investigación Acción Participación –IAP- y de la investigación cualitativa liderada por un equipo interfacultades. Este ejercicio arrojó, entre otros,que la Educación Ambiental necesita de mayor claridad en su conceptualización para articularse como eje de la formación profesional, para eso se sugieren estrategias que la vinculen en los procesos de la vida universitaria, como espacio para el logro de la visión y el fortalecimiento de la misión institucional.
Mineralogy and crystallographic properties of Heu-type zeolitic tuff from the Novakovic deposit, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Radosavljevic-Mihajlovic Ana , Dakovic Aleksandra , Kasic Vladan , Mitic Vojislav , Stojanovic Jovica , Sokic Miroslav , Markovic Branislav
Published: January 2019

This paper presents mineralogical and crystallographic characterization of
the zeolitic tuff from the Novakovic deposit, Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina. The zeolitic tuff is of a whitish color composed of
Ca-clinoptilolite and an amorphous phase (volcanic glass and amorphous
SiO2). The zeolitic tuff was analyzed by X-ray diffraction of the
polycrystalline sample (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy and energy
dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and differential thermal and thermo-
gravimetric (DTA/DTG) methods. According to the results obtained, it can be
concluded that the studied zeolitic tuff is composed of Heu-type minerals.
Based on the chemical analysis, thermal treatment and XRPD analysis it was
determined that this is a mineral Ca-clinoptilolite. Thermal analysis in the
temperature range from 300 up to 700?C showed that the examined zeolite
minerals from the Novakovic deposit are stable up to the temperature of
600?C. The crystal structure of Ca-clinoptilolite has been refined in the
centrosymmetric space group C2/m (S.G. 12) with disordered distribution
of Al and Si in the tetrahedral framework. The unit-cell parameters are
as follows: a = 17.662 ?, b = 17.874 ?, c = 7.402 ?, ? = 116.32?
and V = 2122.73 ?3. The basic structural motif is represented by four
channels. Three channels are composed of eight-membered rings, and one of
ten-membered rings. The ten-membered (channel A) and one eight-membered
channel (B) are parallel to the crystallographic axis c, and the other
eight-membered channel is parallel to the a-axis. Ca-clinoptilolite
comprises approximately 90 % of the studied zeolite tuff while the rest 10 %
is the amorphous phase. The overall cation exchange capacity (CEC) amounts
to 187 mmolM+/100g, and calcium represents the most abundant cation in the
studied sample. The atomic ratios of Si/Al, Na+/(Na++K+), and
Ca2+/(Ca2++Mg2+) are as follows: 4.36, 0.14, and 0.55, respectively. The
zeolite tuff is both thermally and structurally stable and has applications
in various areas of industry and agriculture.
Bratman’s and Cavanaugh’s analysis of the intention: Solution to the problem of the closeness of the doctrine of double effect
Authors: Djeric Milijana
Published: January 2019

One of the key problems of the doctrine of double effect is to establish a
clear and unequivocal distinction between the intended and foresight
consequences of the action. Many authors see this problem as irresolvable,
which is why they usually resort to two strategies: either they completely
reject the doctrine as inapplicable or revise it and provide their own,
completely new formulation. This paper points out that both strategies are
wrong and that a simple analysis of the intention is sufficient to solve the
problem. Bratman?s and Cavanaugh?s analysis of intentions is being discussed
and the thesis is defended that they provide a solution to the problem.
La aptitud física y la capacidad cognitiva en estudiantes de cultura física de una universidad pública del noroeste de México / Cognitive Ability and Physical Fitness in Students of Physical Culture of a Public University in Northwestern Mexico
Authors: Gavotto Nogales Omar Iván , Bernal Reyes Fernando , Vega Orozco Saúl Ignacio
Published: January 2019

El ser humano sano mantiene un equilibrio biopsicosocial. La salud física y mental están estrechamente vinculadas e impacta en la productividad, funcionalidad y adaptabilidad a las exigencias cotidianas. Se espera que la interrelación de las distintas dimensiones humanas se manifieste proporcionalmente, esto es, a mayor salud física, mayor capacidad intelectual o viceversa. Este estudio parte del supuesto de que las personas que hacen ejercicio frecuentemente pueden gozar de mayor salud y registrar un mayor rendimiento cognitivo o mental que las personas que no se ejercitan con regularidad.El principal objetivo de esta investigación ha sido describir la relación entre la dimensión cognitiva y la dimensión física en estudiantes de licenciatura en cultura física y deporte de una universidad pública del noroeste de México. Lo anterior para conocer las características psicofísicas de los alumnos y poder proponer estrategias educativas adecuadas a su nivel de maduración, buscando potenciar su rendimiento y aprovechamiento escolar.El diseño de la investigación fue no experimental con enfoque cuantitativo. Se aplicó una batería de diversas pruebas cognitivas y físicas a 90 estudiantes de tercer semestre de dicha carrera para obtener un indicador global de la dimensión física y se recolectaron cuatro indicadores que constituyeron la dimensión cognitiva. Las variables se cruzaron para obtener el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y verificar su significatividad estadística.En ambos sexos se encontró una relación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre las variables de inteligencia general obtenidas con el test de Dominó y el Exhcoba, que se utiliza como filtro de ingreso a la universidad. Además, se encontró correlación positiva entre las variables abdominales y salto horizontal. Se destaca, asimismo, la heterogeneidad de la población estudiada con respecto a sus hábitos para la ejercitación física y el desarrollo de las capacidades cognitivas. Finalmente, se concluye que la existencia de un dimorfismo sexual establece marcadas diferencias entre los sexos. Sin embargo, no se encontró correlación significativa entre la dimensión física y la dimensión cognitiva. Los resultados sugieren que es la apropiación de la cultura, la educabilidad del ser humano, la que impulsará un mayor desarrollo cognitivo y físico.
Model for Deflection Analysis in Cantilever Beam
Authors: Oladejo Kolawole Adesola , Abu Rahaman , Bamiro Olufemi Adebisi
Published: January 2019

Exposure to Finite Element Method is beneficial to undergraduate engineering students; and educators have an obligation to introduce students to modern engineering tools. However, teaching of the course is computational intensive and existing propriety software are very expensive. Different approaches to introducing students to the FEM have been proposed. Existing approaches make use of learning modules of commercial Finite Element Analysis (FEA) packages such as ANSYS, ABAQUS, COMSOL Multiphysics, ALGOR, JL AutoFEA Analyzer and PRO/MECHANICA. This paper presents an in-house developed finite-element-based computer model via the virtual work principle using Linear Strain Triangular (LST) elements for deflection analysis on cantilever beam. The validation and capability characteristics was demonstrated by applying it to a cantilever beam, subjected to a point load, using both coarse (4-element) and fine (10-element) meshes. The model gave results very close to those obtained analytically; the 10-element mesh gave better results than the 4-element mesh. The model has made the analysis more flexible, and also made visualization and presentation of results easier for better judgment. It facilitates the presentation of the basic rules which govern FEA and helps in the learning of different aspects of the numerical technique; hence the model will serve as reliable tool in undergraduate engineering programme
2,5-Dimethylfuran for Internal Combustion Engines: Potential and Development
Authors: Nguyen Danh Chan , Dong Van Huong
Published: January 2019

Transportation is facing two major challenges: renewable energy supplies and clean transport. On the other hand, the pressure from environmental pollution has led regulators around the world to come up with laws that have forced the auto and petrochemical industries to develop new technologies that reduce emissions and improve the quality of life. fuel economy. 2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF), which is considered to be a new generation of promising alternative fuels, has the potential to reduce global fossil fuel shortage and air pollution problems. This article introduces the technical specifications and emissions of 2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF), DMF production and application potential, developing DMF as alternative fuel sources in the World and in Vietnam.
Strategies for Maritime Development: A case in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Phuong , Nguyen Phuoc Quy Phong
Published: January 2019

Strategic assessors of the 21st century are "The Century of the Ocean," because, along with current economic and demographic growth, natural resources, especially non-renewable resources on land, will be exhausted after several decades. The world economy is increasingly dependent on the sea and the ocean. About 70% of the world's industrial potential is in the 500km wide area of ​​the coast. The mineral, biological and marine resources of the oceans and oceans have an important implication for the world economy. Marine ecosystems are the most important resource with hundreds of thousands of animals, plants, and microorganisms. Sea is a diversified and abundant source of seafood, chemicals, salt, oil and gas, clean energy from the sea and oceans, wind, seawater, ocean currents, and the tide is being exploited for transportation, energy and countless other human benefits. The sea and the continental shelf are waterways that can develop tourism, sightseeing and recreation activities. The role of marine economics, including maritime economics, has become increasingly important and has been identified as a key sector for investment. This paper analyzes the advantages, limitations, and causes in maritime economic development, and draws on experiences to develop the maritime economy.
GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S POWER IN AMERICAN INDIAN TRADITIONAL CULTURE IN ZITKALA-SA'S SHORT STORIES
Authors: Rorintulus Olga Anneke
Published: January 2019

This article intends to reveal gender equality and women’s power in American Indian traditional culture before they were assimilated in white American society in the late nineteenth century as reflected in Zitkala-Sa’s short stories, Impressions of an Indian Childhood, The Soft Hearted Sioux and A Warrior Daughter. This study is a qualitative research that applies feminist literary approach which uses liberal feminist theory for the data analysis. This study shows that American Indian women enjoyed gender equality in traditional American Indian culture that had complementary gender relation. American Indian women had power and equal rights to be warriors and leaders in their society.Keywords: gender role, American Indian women, complimentary relation.KESETARAAN GENDER DAN KUASA PEREMPUAN DALAM BUDAYA TRADISIONAL INDIAN AMERIKA DALAM CERITA-CERITA PENDEK ZITKALA-SA AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kesetaraan gender dan kuasa perempuan Indian Amerika dalam budaya tradisional masyarakat Indian Amerika sebelum mereka mengalami program asimilasi yang bertujuan untuk menyatukan masyarakat Indian Amerika dengan masyarakat kulit putih di akhir abad ke-19 seperti yang terefleksi dalam cerita pendek Zitkala-Sa, Impressions of an Indian Childhood,The Soft Hearted Sioux  dan A Warrior Daughter. Artikel ini ditulis dengan mengunakan metode kualitatif dan menerapkan pendekatan kajian feminisme sastra dengan teori feminisme liberal. Hasil dari analisa ini menunjukkan bahwa perempuan Indian Amerika telah menikmati kesetaraan gender dalam budaya tradisional Indian Amerika yang memiliki relasi gender yang saling melengkapi dan mereka memiliki kuasa dan hak yang setara dengan laki laki Indian Amerika untuk menjadi prajurit dan pemimpin dalam masyarakat Indian Amerika.Kata kunci: peran gender, Perempuan Indian Amerika, relasi setara
INDIGENOUS UNDERSTANDING OF CLIMATECHANGE, IMPACTS AND COPING STRATEGIES IN A RURAL SETTING OF KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Tunde A. M. , Ajadi B. S.
Published: January 2019

The issue of climate change is so critical to the extent that it affects about seventy five percent of Nigerians’ livelihoods. Climate related events such as floods, rainstorms, increasing temperature and droughts among others have been on the increase in the last few years. These have been attributed to both natural and human causes. This study examines the determinants of local people’s understanding of climate change, impacts and coping strategies in some selected rural communities of Kwara State, Nigeria with a view to comparing their knowledge with scientific knowledge. Eight rural communities were randomly selected from the State within the area representing more than 80% of the total local district areas. Since rural dwellers engage more in primary activities than any other activities, therefore, respondents were selected from farming, hunting and fishing activities. Participatory Rural Appraisal method with emphasis on group discussion technique and observatory technique were employed to collect data from the participants. Climatic data for two climatic normals were collected from the period 1957 to 1986 and 1987to 2016. Descriptive and inferential tools were used to achieve the stated objectives. The results revealed that local people have their own knowledge of the understanding of the climate change and findings revealed further that the farmers and other primary producers in the studied communities were indeed experiencing climate change variability and impacts. Result of the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics showed that the average age of respondents was 41.2 years, 80.64% were married, majority, (61.27%) had farming has their main occupation and mean years of experience of respondents was 24.5 years on farm and in the management of environmental resources. The multiple regression result revealed that gender, primary activities, age, local knowledge, coping strategies were found to increase the understanding of climate change of respondents. Focus Group Discussion showed that the respondents were very much aware of the climate change and there exist early warning mechanisms which they put in place against the future weather events. They have different local coping techniques to mitigate the possible impact. It was therefore recommended that more awareness be created to ensure that people realize the consequences of climate change and integrate the local knowledge with the formal strategies.
Rereading Diaspora: Reverberating Voices and Diasporic Listening in Italo-Australian Digital Storytelling
Authors: Trimboli Daniella
Published: January 2019

The contemporary diasporic experience is fragmented and contradictory, and the notion of ‘home’ increasingly blurry. In response to these moving circumstances, many diaspora and multiculturalism studies’ scholars have turned to the everyday, focussing on the local particularities of the diasporic experience. Using the Italo-Australian digital storytelling collectionRacconti: La Voce del Popolo, this paper argues that, while crucial, the everyday experience of diaspora always needs to be read in relation to broader, dislocated contexts. Indeed, to draw on Grant Farred (2009), the experience of diaspora must be read both in relation to—but always ‘out of’—context. Reading diaspora in this way helps reveal aspects of diasporic life that have the potential to productively disrupt dominant assimilationist discourses of multiculturalism that continue to dominate. This kind of re-reading is pertinent in colonial nations like Australia, whose multiculturalism rhetoric continues to echo normative whiteness.
The Hidden Landscape: The Shawbak North Archaeological Project (SNAP) Results Survey of First Season 2010
Authors: Shqairat Mansour A. , Abudanah Fawzi Q. , Tarawneh Mohammad B. , Fujii Sumio
Published: January 2019

The North Shawbak Archaeological Project (NSAP), aims to shed new light on the general occupational history of the northern part of the Shawbak area and anticipates a total of seven years from 2010 until 2017 for the whole research period. The first phase (2010-2012) was devoted to a general survey for building up an archaeological database of the research area. The second phase (2013-2017), on the other hand, is to proceed to a full-fledged investigation at a few promising sites located in the course of the survey. In addition, The survey area is under arid environmental conditions and local vegetation is poor especially in lowlands. However, it is relatively rich in water resources due to the unique topography. As results of survey a total of twenty sites were registered in Area1, they fell into several site types described here follows a supposed chronological order of each group.
PRAKTIK KEBERAGAMAAN PEREMPUAN PEKERJA SEKS DI SOSROWIJAYAN KULON YOGYAKARTA; TINJAUAN MAQA>SID SYARI’AH
Authors: Abror Faiz Fikril
Published: January 2019

This study aims to describe the behavior of the women sex workers’s religious practice in Sosrowijayan Kulon, Yogyakarta using the theory of maqa>sid syariah. During this education known as the city of Yogyakarta. However, it cannot be denied that the city now transformed as a tourism city. Lots of entertainment presented, one of which is known as the localization “Pasar Kembang” (sarkem). This study is a qualitative study of the field with the theory of maqa>sid syariah to reveal religious identity sex workers. As for the results that researchers have found is (1) in religion practice or Behavior aspects of worship they do going contention between Maqa>s}id al-Mukallaf and maqa>sid syariah. In this case on Hifz}u al-Di>n. Things that they believe to be the al-Hifzu In their version n in fact is a Maqa>s}id Mulghah are not permitted in Islam. Either way, however they are not allowed to undergo it. (2) in the aspects of factors that make them choose the profession of sex workers, when viewed from a glass eye maqa>sid syariah experience contradictions between Hifz}u al-Nafs with Hifz}u al-Nasl. In the end more won Hifz}u al-Nasl. Because basically the law adultery is haraam. So what they believe to be included in the category Maqa>s}id Mulghah.
Manejo de sulfatação nas crises hipertensivas gestacionais
Authors: Gomes Kleberson Adriano Silva , Adorno Stefano dos Santos , Ramalho Maria Luiza Pinto , Costa Mário Clodoaldo Batista da , Saback Moisés Castro
Published: January 2019

Objetivo Esclarecer sobre as possibilidades de métodos de sulfatação em meio a crises hipertensivas graves gestacionais, e seus benefícios de tal prática específica. Métodos Foi realizado o método de pesquisa descritivo por intermédio de revisão bibliográfica básica e sistemática, desenvolvida com a seleção de artigos em base de dados de pesquisas em saúde, utilizando-se dos seguintes descritores: sulfatação, pré-eclâmpsia, gestantes, benefícios.Resultados Observou-se que os resultados alcançados, com base nos critérios de seleção dos artigos/publicações acadêmicas, foram desenvolvidos direcionando aos interesses buscados nesta pesquisa Conclusão a respeito à padronização de um modelo de sulfatação a ser seguido, é apropriado afirmar que mesmo existindo provas dos benefícios propostos pelo uso correto da medicação quando padronizado, esbarramos nas variâncias de um modelo padrão em diversos serviços obstétricos.
A Revised Modular Approach to D8-THC and Derivatives Through Late-Stage Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Bloemendal Victor , P. J. T. Rutjes Floris , Boltje Thomas J. , Sondag Daan , Elferink Hidde , van Hest Jan C.M.
Published: January 2019

In this manuscript we describe a modular pathway to synthesize biologically relevant (–)-trans-Δ8-THC derivatives, which can be used to modulate the pharmacologically important CB1 and CB2 receptors. This pathway involves a one-pot Friedel-Crafts alkylation/cyclization protocol, followed by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions and gives rise to a series of new Δ8-THC derivatives. In addition, we demonstrate using extensive NMR evidence that similar halide-substituted Friedel-Crafts alkylation/cyclization products in previous articles were wrongly assigned as the para-isomers, which also has consequence for the assignment of the subsequent cross-coupled products and interpretation of their biological activity. Considering the importance of the availability of THC derivatives in medicinal chemistry research and the fact that previously synthesized compounds were wrongly assigned, we feel this research is describing a straightforward pathway into new cannabinoids.
Tendencias en la producción científica en Historia de la Contabilidad
Authors: Prieto Begoña , Gutiérrez Fernando
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de esta Nota Editorial es presentar a los lectores de De Computis, una revisión de las aportaciones que a la Historia de la Contabilidad han realizado los autores de la Península Ibérica en las dos últimas décadas. Con ello se pretende analizar el estado de la cuestión y proporcionar una base de datos a cuantos investigadores deseen adentrarse en este campo de la investigación contable.Los datos presentados han sido extraídos de la recopilación elaborada cada año, en el seno de la Comisión de Historia de la Contabilidad de AECA, para otorgar los Premios de Historia de la Contabilidad Enrique Fernández Peña. A partir de dicha recopilación, a su vez realizada mediante el análisis de los trabajos en revistas y encuentros más adelante mencionados, se ha elaborado una base de datos que proporciona la información atendiendo a diferentes criterios. Los criterios considerados han sido: Ámbito de la Historia de la Contabilidad en el que se han encuadrado; Periodo estudiado; Tipo de publicación; Idioma, el año de publicación; Género; Número de autores y si estos son ibéricos o no. Asimismo, se presenta la tendencia de estas variables, agrupadas en los cuatro quinquenios del periodo analizado. Esto es: 1998-2002; 2003-2007, 2008-2012 y 2013-2018.
Accounting in the brazilian monarchy period: extracts from the ledger book of H. Kettenburg & Co.
Authors: De Rocchi Carlos Antonio , Cosenza José Paulo
Published: January 2019

This paper analyzes an accounting book used to record the transactions of H. Kettenburg & Co. in the nineteenth century in the South of Brazil. The objective of this research is to present a general view of the accounting entries made in the Ledger Book of this firm, discussing the usefulness of the accounting practices adopted and identifying the accounting themes deemed relevant and of interest, at the time of the Brazilian Monarchy. For this purpose, the paper presents a descriptive and qualitative analysis of the contents extracted from the Kettenburg’s Ledger, between 1868 and 1875. The evidence presented in the Ledger supports the existence of accounting and management control techniques adopted by the firm in the midst of the incipient industrialization of the Province of Rio Grande. The findings highlight the importance of accounting records for the provision of management information to support corporate decision-making. The study also enabled the authors to infer the influences that the Germanic culture had on this family-run business. The Ledger was recorded in German, notwithstanding the Brazilian Commercial Code, which demanded that all accounting documentation should be bookkept in the official language of the country, in other words, Portuguese. This is explained by the fact that the Journal (mandatory by law) was meant for external disclosure and the Ledger (optional), for internal management motivation, in the company’s process of management control.
The Phenomenon of Double Taxation and the Interpretation of Article V (Permanent Establishments) of the Canada-U.S. Income Tax Convention (1980)
Authors: Colabella Rachel
Published: January 2019

Double taxation is a phenomenon that arises when two or more states have the jurisdiction to tax the common income of the same person, whether a company or an individual. The author considers the causes and effects of double taxation and then examines bilateral double taxation treaties as an important method of reducing this problem. Double taxation is of growing concern due to the ever-increasing international aspects of doing business, which affect both companies and individuals. Ultimately, double taxation impedes the movement of capital, technology, persons and services between states, thus hindering lasting economic co operation.
The history of double taxation treaties, some model treaties and finally the 1980 Canada-U.S. Convention are discussed. The writer closely examines the Permanent Establishment provision in the Convention. The concept of a Permanent Establishment is central to the Canada-U.S. Convention, as it is the mechanism by which a resident of one state can be taxed by the other state. The business profits of a resident can only be taxed by the other state if that resident carried on business through a Permanent Establishment in the other state.
Drawing on Canadian, U.S. and international taxation treaty interpretations, the author outlines the comprehensive test for determining the existence of a Permanent Establishment. Building on this analysis, she discusses the practical tax planning problem of whether to conduct business in foreign States through Permanent Establishments or through some other entities. Finally, the writer discusses both the advantages and disadvantages of the current Permanent Establishment provision and its effect on trade between Canada and the U.S.
Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value in Ontario and Great Britain: A Comparison
Authors: Hodgson Ellen E.
Published: January 2019

Hodgson's article is a thorough discussion of the concept of Pay Equity. She begins by providing a proper definition of the term Pay Equity and then goes on to explore the relevant legislation and case law regarding the matter. In order to analyze Pay Equity fully, Hodgson compares the Ontario experience with that of Great Britain. The central concern of the paper is not to debate the appropriateness of Pay Equity legislation but, rather, to determine whether the courts have responded to the legislation in such a manner as to be able to describe it as being a success. Within her work, Hodgson exposes the reality that Pay Equity legislation in both jurisdictions is complex and costly; however, despite this, the wage gap between the sexes is diminishing.
English Canada and Quebec's Rendezvous with Independence
Authors: Berger Thomas R.
Published: January 2019

Drawing on his wide and distinguished experience in public life and in the law, Mr. Berger reflects on the choices facing English Canadians after the demise of the Meech Lake Accord. He calls for a new approach, characterized by respect and realism, to English Canada’s relationship with Quebec. This article is the text of the Martland Lecture given at the Universities of Alberta, Calgary, and Lethbridge in March 1991.
Section 107 of the Land Titles Act
Authors: Mirth E.
Published: January 2019

Section 107 of the Land Titles Act prevents the operation of certain interests in land described in terms of personal property security. The section was amended in 1990 in response to the enactment of the Alberta Personal Property Security Act. This comment examines the historical application of the section and continues on to look at how the amended section will be interpreted. It is concluded that the wording potentially catches more than is needed to secure the section's original purpose.
The Possibilities of Interpretive Liberalism
Authors: Tushnet Mark
Published: January 2019

The author presents a survey of normative interpretive approaches to liberalism. He begins with a discussion of the attractions of, and our demands on, an interpretive approach to political theory. It is suggested that interpretive approaches to liberalism run up against many difficulties. The reformist interpretive approach is examined and some general problems with the "republican tradition" version of interpretive normative theory are illustrated. A second interpretive approach which accepts society's practices but also draws on systematic political philosophy is discussed but the author remains sceptical of its merits. A related interpretive strategy for purifying existing practices is to contrast them in an historical sense and examine the "overlapping consensus". There are objections to this as well. The author concludes that none of the strategies surveyed give precise enough guidance in resolving current controversies in liberalism and reflects on the result of this finding.
Applying the Charter to Discretionary Authority
Authors: Ross June M.
Published: January 2019

The as applied approach to dealing with the Charter considers infringements of rights within the confines of the circumstances of each case. The Supreme Court decision in Slaight Communications adopts such an approach as a way to remedy and control improper use of discretionary authority. The paper begins with a detailed examination of the Slaight decision and then continues on to explore the differences between a facial review of a statute granting discretionary power and an as applied review of the discretionary decision. Problems arise when dealing with the as applied approach and the s. I requirement of the Charter that limitations on Charter rights be prescribed by law. The author deals with the law in this area examining such issues as the requirement of precision in laws, the connection between the law and the official impugned action and the requirement of standards for an adjudicator's authority. It is submitted that the Supreme Court's approach to limiting rights could be seen as lacking a clear underlying thesis. The problem of vagueness could result in a lack of foreseeability, but a greater concern is the effect of the vagueness on the control of discretion. The author concludes by enumerating a number of advantages that justify further development of the as applied approach.
Ecological Unity and Political Fragmentation: The Implications of the Brundtland Report for the Canadian Constitutional Order
Authors: Walters Mark
Published: January 2019

Using the recommendations of the Brundtland Report and the "Green Report" of the Canadian Council of Resource and Environment Ministers as a basis for analysis, the author discusses Canadian environmental policy and natural resources management within a constitutional setting. The author asserts that by failing to expressly address the constitutional implications that these issues raise, namely, that the natural environment must be conceptualized as a cohesive unity which renders political boundaries mere legal fictions, the approach to date has been fundamentally flawed. Part One of the paper sets out the principles of sustainable development and the constitutional questions they raise for Canadian resource management and Canadian federalism. Part Two then examines the "spillover" theory of democracy and federalism and its relationship to the "Peace, Order and Good Government" clause. The author concludes that a formalistic Constitutional framework can never provide a practical solution to the problem — environmental management and resource management are indivisible and should be addressed through cooperative federalism. Finally, the author suggests that the Constitution may be able to play a constructive role by defining the parameters within which cooperative federalism must occur
Governmental Interventions in Constitutional Litigation: An Analysis of Section 25 of the Judicature Act
Authors: Bendin Patrick
Published: January 2019

The Alberta Judicature Act requires that written notice be given to the Attorneys General for Canada and the Province whenever the constitutional validity of a Federal or Provincial enactment is challenged in a proceeding. The advent of Charter litigation has raised many questions and concerns about the scope and role of interveners. The author begins by outlining the legislative history and constitutional basis and validity of the notice requirement and then examines the scope of the notice requirement. It is submitted that the requirement of giving notice of a challenge to an enactment's constitutional validity should be seen in a wide sense so as to allow a government to be heard whenever their law making power is brought into issue. Proceedings and enactments to which the notice requirement applies are then outlined. The author deals with two objections to the notice requirement, the first being based on s. 52 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (the supremacy clause), the latter regarding the effect of s. 15 of the Charter and the difference in provincial notice requirements and access to Charter protection. The author concludes with a short discussion on the governmental interest in interventions and submits that while the role played by the Attorneys General is important, there are circumstances where the rights of intervention should not be protected at the expense of private litigants.
Economics and Labour Law in Britain: Thatcher's Radical Experiment
Authors: Ewing K. D.
Published: January 2019

Professor Ewing looks at the contribution of law to economic policy. In particular, the role of labour law in the great "radical economic experiment" which has been conducted in Britain since 1979, following the first of Prime Minister Thatcher’s three general election victories is considered. First, Professor Ewing outlines the political, legal and economic conditions inherited by Prime Minister Thatcher in 1979; next, the wide-ranging labour law reforms pursued since 1979 are examined; finally, the imply- cations and consequences of these developments are assessed.
Viabilitas Benih Bawang Putih Varietas Tawang Mangu Setelah Penyimpanan pada Berbagai Suhu
Authors: Sulassih . , Purwanto Yohanes Aris , Sobir . , Naibaho Naekman , Pratama Siaga Yudha , Nurmalia .
Published: January 2019

Viability of garlic seed is important for seed quality. Periode of seed storage Penyimpanan benih berkaitan dengan viabilitas benih. Viability testing measured after storage at 0 oC, 7 oC and room temperate. Moisture content decreased (40-45%) after 1 month in the storage under light condition, but the weight loss approximately at 1-8%, still lower than ASEAN rules (2009) that is not over than 10-15% for physical damage. Tawang Mangu variety showed higher for percentage of field emergence (83.33%) after was storages at 0 oC for one month and produced higher bulb (11 bulbs), but at the room temperature showed the lower for percentage of field emergence (56.94%) and produced 2-3 bulbs. All the treatment (7oC and room temperature) produced small size of bulbs in weight (1-2 g), height (1.5-1.7 cm) and width (1.5-1.6 cm). Three of the temperature condition was produced single bulb called “bawang lanang”, it suggested causing the land unfertilizer. Garlic was not suitable for medium land and high temperature such as Bogor.Keywords: diameter, height, male garlic, small, weight
Pengembangan Metode Pengusangan Cepat Fisik Benih Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Priandini Dyah , Suhartanto Muhamad Rahmad , Qadir Abdul
Published: January 2019

Development of papaya fruit production is influenced by the availability of seed quality. High seed quality is maintained during seed storage. Estimation of vigor in relation to storability can be detected by accelerated aging test. This research aims to develop physicall accelerated aging test by, 1)determine the impact of physical accelerated aging on vigor and viability parameters on papaya seed variety Callina and Sukma, 2) determine the levels of seed moisture content and effective period of physicall accelerated aging to predict vigor of papaya seed. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology and Green House Leuwikopo, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB in January-May 2016 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seeds aged by the aging equipment MPC IPB 77-1 MMM. The results showed that the aging time decreased germination value in papaya seed variety Callina and Sukma with equation y=-0.1389x3+3.3333x2–25.25x+81.5 and y=0.0171x3+0.2028x2-9.9956x+81.095. Effective imbibition is 96 hour with moisture content 63-70% in both varieties. The effective of aging time treatment at 0x4, 1x4, 2x4, 3x4, dan 4x4 minutes.Keywords:imbibition, moisture content, viability, vigor
SISTEM FONOLOGI BAHASA BENUAQ DI KABUPATEN KUTAI BARAT, KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Masfufah Nurul
Published: January 2019

Fonologi bahasa Benuaq memiliki beberapa ciri khas tersendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu untuk memaparkan secara singkat dan jelas struktur fonologi bahasa Benuaq. Adapun masalah yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana struktur vokal, konsonan, diftong dan distribusinya, serta bentuk suku kata dalam bahasa Benuaq. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori linguistik struktural, yaitu dengan cara menganalisis struktur fonologinya. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan, yaitu metode wawancara terstruktur dan observasi sistematis dengan teknik rekam dan catat. Adapun analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik untuk mengetahui fonologi bahasa Benuaq. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan enam vokal pendek (i, u, e, |, o, dan a) dan ditemukan juga lima vokal panjang (i:, u:, e:, o:, dan a:), 23 konsonan, dan enam diftong. Fonem vokal berdistribusi lengkap, sedangkan konsonan ada yang berdistribusi lengkap dan tidak lengkap. Konsonan yang berdistribusi lengkap berjumlah sepuluh fonem, yaitu /p/, /m/, /s/, /t/, /n/, /l/, /r/, /y/, /k/, dan /G/, sedangkan konsonan yang berdistribusi tidak lengkap terdapat 13 fonem, yaitu /b/, / pm/, /w/, /d/, /tn/, /j/, /c/, /~n/, /g/, /q/, /kG/, /h/, dan /?/. Suku kata dalam bahasa Benuaq, yaitu V, D, VK, KV, KVK, KD, dan KDK. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa fonologi bahasa Benuaq memiliki keunikan tersendiri, seperti bentuk vokal panjang dan konsonan unik /pm/, /tn/, dan /kG/.
KOHESI LEKSIKAL SINONIMI, ANTONIMI, DAN REPETISI PADA RUBRIK CERITA ANAK, CERITA REMAJA, DAN CERITA DEWASA DALAM SURAT KABAR HARIAN KOMPAS
Authors: Sukriyah Siti , Sumarlam Sumarlam , Djatmika Djatmika
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kepaduan wacana yang didukung oleh aspek kohesi leksikal, dibatasi pada penggunaan sinonimi, antonimi, dan repetisi dalam rubrik cernak, roman, dan cerpen dalam surat kabar harian Kompas. Penyediaan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode simak dan teknik baca; simak bebas libat cakap (SBLC) dan teknik catat. Data dianalisis dengan metode agih dan teknik bagi unsur langsung (BUL) dan teknik lanjutan teknik ganti serta teknik lesap. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori wacana Halliday untuk melihat penanda kohesi leksikal dalam sebuah teks. Hasil dan pembahasaan penelitian ini menunjukkan aspek kohesi leksikal sinonimi, antonimi, dan repetisi terdapat dalam setiap cerpen. Dalam rubrik cernak, roman, dan cerpen dalam surat kabar harian Kompas merupakan sebuah wacana yang padu karena di dukung oleh penanda kohesi leksikal yang tepat. Secara umum, penanda leksikal yang digunakan pengarang dalam tiga rubrik Kompas adalah sinonimi, antonimi, dan repetisi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memfokuskan pada aspek kohesi leksikal yang terdapat pada rubrik cernak, roman, dan cerpen dalam surat kabar harian Kompas.
PERNIKAHAN DINI DALAM CERPEN AHMAD TOHARI DAN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER
Authors: Dewi Novita
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas imajinasi pernikahan di bawah umur dalam dua karya sastra Indonesia. Masalah penelitian adalah bagaimana dan mengapa pernikahan di bawah umur digambarkan dalam cerpen “Si Minem Beranak Bayi” karya Ahmad Tohari dan “Inem” yang ditulis oleh Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Penelitian ini memakai metode kualitatif, khususnya riset kepustakaan dengan data primer kedua cerpen tersebut, sedangkan data sekunder berupa penelitian terdahulu dan informasi relevan yang dapat diacu seputar pernikahan di bawah umur. Data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis konten, kedua cerpen diteliti dengan terang teori feminisme-multikulturalisme dalam konteks masyarakat Indonesia yang pascakolonial. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pertama, kemiskinan bukan satu- satunya penyebab pernikahan di usia muda. Imajinasi pernikahan di bawah umur berbeda satu dengan yang lainnya sesuai konteks budaya dan masyarakat yang berbeda-beda pula. Kedua, imajinasi pernikahan di bawah umur ditampilkan melalui tokoh utama cerpen Ahmad Tohari, yakni perempuan muda yang menyintas. Ketiga, imajinasi perempuan muda yang terkalahkan dalam pernikahan di bawah umur juga ditampilkan melalui karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa memaknai pernikahan di bawah umur secara partisan (semata-mata korban tradisi atau upaya pengentasan kemiskinan) berarti menampik realitas dan kompleksitas keragaman budaya dan gender.
POTRET KONDISI SOSIAL MASYARAKAT JAWA DALAM NASKAH KETOPRAK KLASIK GAYA SURAKARTA
Authors: Setyawan Bagus Wahyu , Saddhono Kundharu , Rakhmawati Ani
Published: January 2019

Ketoprak merupakan seni tradisional Jawa yang lahir dan berkembang dari kalangan masyarakat, sehingga seni ketoprak sangat kental dengan nilai yang relevan dengan kehidupan masyarakat Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan mengenai potret sosial masyarakat Jawa yang tercermin dalam naskah ketoprak klasik gaya Surakarta. Penelitian ini berbentuk penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra pada naskah ketoprak klasik gaya Surakarta. Sumber data primer dalam penelitian adalah naskah ketoprak dengan judul Ronggolawe Gugur, Pandanaran Mbalela, dan Ki Ageng Mangir Wonoboyo. Setelah dilakukan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam naskah ketoprak klasik gaya Surakarta terdapat potret sosial masyarakat Jawa yang tercermin dari kon ik dan masalah yang dibahas dalam ketiga naskah tersebut, nilai sosial yang tercermin, dan bahasa yang digunakan. Kon ik yang terdapat dalam ketiga naskah ketoprak tersebut berkaitan dengan masalah bela negara, budaya perjodohan kalangan masyarakat Jawa, nilai pertemanan, dan permasalahan kekuasaan. Dari analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam naskah ketoprak klasik gaya Surakarta terdapat re eksi dari kehidupan sosial masyarakat Jawa ditinjau dari aspek bahasa, sistem nilai, dan permasalahan sosial yang dibahas.
DEKONSTRUKSI TOKOH GAJAH MADA DALAM NOVEL PERANG BUBAT KARYA AAN MERDEKA PERMANA
Authors: Hidayat Sarip
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan sejumlah upaya yang dilakukan pengarang dan pemaknaan dari penginterpretasian tokoh Gajah Mada dalam novel yang berjudul Perang Bubat. Rumusan masalahnya adalah bagaimana cara Aan Merdeka Permana menginterpretasikan tokoh Gajah Mada dalam novelnya dan apa makna yang dapat diperoleh dari upaya pengarang tersebut. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis novel ini adalah teori dekonstruksi. Melalui teori ini, data dalam novel akan dianalisis melalui kehadiran sejumlah oposisi biner yang berkaitan dengan tokoh Gajah Mada dalam novel dan menghubungkannya dengan narasi besar tentang Gajah Mada dalam teks-teks sumber-sumber sejarah yang telah dikenal selama ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada sejumlah upaya yang dilakukan pengarang dalam menginterpretasikan tokoh Gajah Mada. Simpulan yang dapat dikemukakan adalah (1) upaya pengarang dalam menginterpretasikan tokoh Gajah Mada adalah dengan cara menciptakan informasi baru mengenai tokoh Gajah Mada berdasarkan logika penceritaan novel; (2) makna yang diperoleh dari upaya interpretasi ini adalah bahwa tidak ada interpretasi tunggal terhadap suatu fenomena.