bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Impact of Social Virtual Reality: Audience and Mere Presence Effect of Virtual Companions
Authors: Sutskova Olga , Senju Atsushi , Smith Tim J.
Published: November 2023

Sharing experiences with others is an important part of everyday life. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) promises to simulate these experiences. However, whether IVR elicits a similar level of social presence as measured in the real world is unclear. It is also uncertain whether AI-driven virtual humans (agents) can elicit a similar level of meaningful social copresence as people-driven virtual-humans (avatars). The current study demonstrates that both virtual human types can elicit a cognitive impact on a social partner. The current experiment tested participants’ cognitive performance changes in the presence of virtual social partners by measuring the social facilitation effect (SFE). The SFE-related performance change can occur through either vigilance-based mechanisms related to other people’s copresence (known as the mere presence effect (MPE)) or reputation management mechanisms related to other people’s monitoring (the audience effect (AE)). In this study, we hypothesised AE and MPE as distinct mechanisms of eliciting SFE. Firstly, we predicted that, if head-mounted IVR can simulate sufficient copresence, any social companion’s visual presence would elicit SFE through MPE. The results demonstrated that companion presence decreased participants’ performance irrespective of whether AI or human-driven. Secondly, we predicted that monitoring by a human-driven, but not an AI-driven, companion would elicit SFE through AE. The results demonstrated that monitoring by a human-driven companion affected participant performance more than AI-driven, worsening performance marginally in accuracy and significantly in reaction times. We discuss how the current results explain the findings in prior SFE in virtual-world literature and map out future considerations for social-IVR testing, such as participants’ virtual self-presence and affordances of physical and IVR testing environments.
Integrin-αvβ3 is a Therapeutically Targetable Fundamental Factor in Medulloblastoma Tumorigenicity and Radioresistance
Authors: Echavidre William , Durivault Jérôme , Gotorbe Célia , Blanchard Thays , Pagnuzzi Marina , Vial Valérie , Raes Florian , Broisat Alexis , Villeneuve Rémy , Amblard Régis , Garnier Nicolas , Ortholan Cécile , Faraggi Marc , Serrano Benjamin , Picco Vincent , Montemagno Christopher
Published: November 2023

Medulloblastoma is one of the most prevalent solid tumors found in children, occurring in the brain's posterior fossa. The standard treatment protocol involves maximal resection surgery followed by craniospinal irradiation and chemotherapy. Despite a long-term survival rate of 70%, wide disparities among patients have been observed. The identification of pertinent targets for both initial and recurrent medulloblastoma cases is imperative. Both primary and recurrent medulloblastoma are marked by their aggressive infiltration into surrounding brain tissue, robust angiogenesis, and resistance to radiotherapy. While the significant role of integrin-αvβ3 in driving these characteristics has been extensively documented in glioblastoma, its impact in the context of medulloblastoma remains largely unexplored. Integrin-αvβ3 was found to be expressed in a subset of patients with medulloblastoma. We investigated the role of integrin-αvβ3 using medulloblastoma-derived cell lines with β3-subunit depletion or overexpression both in vitro and in vivo settings. By generating radioresistant medulloblastoma cell lines, we uncovered an increased integrin-αvβ3 expression, which correlated with increased susceptibility to pharmacologic integrin-αvβ3 inhibition with cilengitide, a competitive ligand mimetic. Finally, we conducted single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/MRI studies on orthotopic models using a radiolabeled integrin-αvβ3 ligand (99mTc-RAFT-RGD). This innovative approach presents the potential for a novel predictive imaging technique in the realm of medulloblastoma. Altogether, our findings lay the foundation for employing SPECT/MRI to identify a specific subset of patients with medulloblastoma eligible for integrin-αvβ3–directed therapies. This breakthrough offers a pathway toward more targeted and effective interventions in the treatment of medulloblastoma.

Significance:

This study demonstrates integrin-αvβ3’s fundamental role in medulloblastoma tumorigenicity and radioresistance and the effect of its expression on cilengitide functional activity.
The Value of the Prostate Health Index and Derived Indexes in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer with PI-RADS-3 Lesions
Authors: Cui Yang , Zhao Jin , Sun Yuan
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The purpose of this article was to evaluate the diagnostic value of prostate health index (PHI) and its derivatives in prostate cancer (PCa) with prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS)-3 lesions. Methods: Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (n = 155) were included in the BPH group, while all patients with PCa (n = 49) were enrolled in the PCa group. Between the groups, the serum concentrations of total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA), percent-free prostate-specific antigen (%fPSA), prostate health index (PHI), prostate health index density (PHID), and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) were compared. Results: On average, 49 (24%) of 204 men had PCa on biopsy, with 81.63% of those cases being clinically serious. Age, prostate volume, TPSA, and PSAD did not significantly differ between the PCa group and the BPH group. In contrast, [-2]pro prostate-specific antigen (p2PSA) (17.10 ± 4.77 vs. 13.93 ± 3.22, p < 0.001), PHI (33.88 ± 8.81 vs. 25.83 ± 5.63, p < 0.001), and PHID (0.52 ± 0.15 vs. 0.38 ± 0.11, p < 0.001) showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Compared to conventional PSA, PHI (AUC = 0.786, 95% CI: 0.705–0.867) and PHID (AUC = 0.763, 95% CI: 0.684–0.843) were considerably better predictors of all PCa. The TPSA, %fPSA, p2PSA, PHI, PHID, and PSAD areas under the receiver operating characteristic for clinically significant PCa (csPCa) were 0.587, 0.650, 0.696, 0.823, 0.796, and 0.614, respectively. Out of all the various parameters, PHI and PHID performed very well in this cohort’s biopsy outcome prediction. Conclusion: PHI offers the best diagnostic value for detecting PCa in cases of PI-RADS-3 lesions. Additionally, PHID raised the possibility of csPCa PI-RADS-3 lesions. However, more investigation is required to confirm our results by using multicenter collaboration.
Endovascular Recanalization for Nonacute Carotid Artery Occlusion: A Nationwide Registry‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Hou Chao , Shi Xuan , Huo Shuxian , Yin Qin , Huang Xianjun , Sun Wen , Xiao Guodong , Yang Yong , Chen Hongbing , Li Min , Du Mingyang , Han Yunfei , Fan Xiaobing , Zhao Qingshi , Zhu Shuanggen , Liu Xinfeng , Ye Ruidong
Published: November 2023

Background

The management of nonacute symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion remains unsatisfactory. Endovascular recanalization has been reported to be feasible but associated with a noteworthy risk of postprocedural complications in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion. The present study aimed to investigate whether successful recanalization exerts clinical benefits over procedural risks.

Methods

We analyzed consecutive patients who underwent endovascular treatment of nonacute symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion in a nationwide prospective registry. The primary outcome was the ipsilateral ischemic stroke recurrence. Other outcomes of interest included all strokes and death during follow‐up, and 30‐day symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and all strokes after intervention.

Results

The final analysis included 511 patients. Endovascular revascularization was successful in 300 patients (58.7%) but failed in 211 patients (41.3%). Patients with successful recanalization had less time from the last ischemic event to the endovascular treatment as compared with patients with failed recanalization (median [interquartile range] days, 18 [12–33] versus 22 [14–50];
P
=0.003). Successful recanalization was associated with a higher rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 30 days after intervention (odds ratio [OR], 7.99 [95% CI, 1.02–62.39];
P
=0.047). Thirty‐day all strokes (OR, 1.91 [95% CI, 0.83–4.40];
P
=0.128) and ischemic stroke (OR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.33–2.46];
P
=0.839) did not differ significantly. During a median follow‐up of 37 months, patients with successful recanalization demonstrated a reduced risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.13–0.59];
P
<0.001). The 5‐year risk of all strokes and death was likewise lower in patients with successful recanalization (restricted mean survival time difference, 3.77 months [95% CI, 0.16–7.38];
P
=0.041).

Conclusion

Despite an increase in the 30‐day symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, successful recanalization was associated with reduced long‐term risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion.
Temporal and Spatial Information Elicit Different Power and Connectivity Profiles during Working Memory Maintenance
Authors: Otstavnov Nikita , Riaz Abrar , Moiseeva Victoria , Fedele Tommaso
Published: November 2023

Working memory (WM) is the cognitive ability to store and manipulate information necessary for ongoing tasks. Although frontoparietal areas are involved in the retention of visually presented information, oscillatory neural activity differs for temporal and spatial WM processing. In this study, we corroborated previous findings describing the modulation of neural oscillations and expanded our investigation to the network organization underlying the cognitive processing of temporal and spatial information. We utilized MEG recordings during a Sternberg visual WM task. The spectral oscillatory activity in the maintenance phase revealed increased frontal theta (4–8 Hz) and parietal beta (13–30 Hz) in the temporal condition. Source level coherence analysis delineated the prominent role of parietal areas in all frequency bands during the maintenance of temporal information, whereas frontal and central areas showed major contributions in theta and beta ranges during the maintenance of spatial information. Our study revealed distinct spectral profiles of neural oscillations for separate cognitive subdomains of WM processing. The delineation of specific functional networks might have important implications for clinical applications, enabling the development of stimulation protocols targeting cognitive disabilities associated with WM impairments.
Young Male and Female Scientists: A Quantitative Exploratory Study of the Changing Demographics of the Global Scientific Workforce
Authors: Kwiek Marek , Szymula Lukasz
Published: November 2023

In this study, the global scientific workforce is explored through large-scale, generational, cross-sectional, and longitudinal approaches. We examine 4.3 million nonoccasional scientists from 38 OECD countries publishing in 1990-2021. Our interest is in the changing distribution of young male and female scientists over time across 16 STEMM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics, medicine) disciplines. We unpack the details of the changing scientific workforce using age groups. Some disciplines are already numerically dominated by women, and the change is fast in some and slow in other disciplines. In one-third of disciplines, there are already more youngest female than male scientists. Across all disciplines combined, the majority of women are young women. And more than half of women scientists (55.02%) are located in medicine. The usefulness of global bibliometric data sources in analyzing the scientific workforce along gender, age, discipline, and time is tested. Traditional aggregated data about scientists in general hide a nuanced picture of the changing gender dynamics within and across disciplines and age groups. The limitations of bibliometric datasets are explored, and global studies are compared with national-level studies. The methodological choices and their implications are shown, and new opportunities for how to study scientists globally are discussed.

Peer Review

https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway/wos/peer-review/10.1162/qss_a_00276
Taxonomic revision of Coscinodiscus variabilis (Bacillariophyta): analysis of type material, lectotypification and transfer to the genus Actinocyclus
Authors: LAMEIRO RUBÉN A. , CEFARELLI ADRIÁN O. , VOUILLOUD AMELIA A.
Published: November 2023

The centric diatom Coscinodiscus variabilis, described by Joaquín Frenguelli for the coastal waters of Mar del Plata City (Buenos Aires, Argentina), was examined to review and elucidate its taxonomic position. The type material contained in the Frenguelli Collection was studied with light microscopy. The species has a particular and distinctive stellate pattern of hyaline rays on the valve face that helps in its initial identification and exhibits a remarkable morphological variation. The presence of a distinctive pseudonodulus, radial sectoring and circular valves support its transfer to the genus Actinocyclus as Actinocyclus ferrarioae nom. nov. The valve morphology of A. ferrarioae is described and compared to its original description and closely related taxa. We have estimated the rimoportulae density as a morphometric character for comparing morphologically similar Actinocyclus taxa. Since Frenguelli did not formally designate a holotype in the original description, we selected a lectotype and provide an expanded description of the species.
Implementation of point-of-care HbA1C instruments into community pharmacies: Initial development of a pathway for robust community testing
Authors: Radley Andrew , Beer Lewis , Rushdi Danya , Close Hazel , McBurney Stephen , Mackenzie Adrian , Gourlay Anna , Barnett Anna , Grant Alison , Greig Neil , Dow Ellie , Sutherland Calum
Published: November 2023

Background

Point-of-care (POC) analysers in community settings can provide opportunistic and regular HbA1c monitoring. Community pharmacies in NHS Scotland are utilised by populations at greatest risk of type two diabetes (T2D). This study describes initial development of an HbA1c pathway using a POC analyser in community pharmacies.

Methods

The Abbott Afinion analyser was compared in (i) NHS Tayside’s Blood Sciences Service and (ii) community pharmacies from four Scottish Health Boards. A side by side comparison with standard operating procedures for HbA1c quantification using 80 T2D patient venous samples. The machine was implemented into 11 community pharmacies and 144 samples obtained from patients for comparison to their recent laboratory HbA1c. Four focus groups examined themes around the intervention and an exit questionnaire was administered.

Results

Laboratory assessment verified the efficacy of the POC test machine. The value for level 1 quality control was 44 mmol/mol and the mean during testing 42.7 mmol/mol. The greatest percent coefficient of variation (cv) was within-run for both levels of quality control material, at a value of 1.63% and 1.62%, respectively. The analyser performed robustly within the pharmacy assessment, with a mean difference of 1.68 and a standard deviation of 0.71 (CV 0.423). Patients with T2D reported positive experiences of using a pharmacy. The focus groups identified an appreciation of the convenience of pharmacies and of the longitudinal relationships with pharmacy staff.

Conclusion

POC HbA1c analysers can be successfully established in community pharmacies. The target patient group responded positively to the opportunity to use a pharmacy service.
An Association Between Pediatric Bronchiolitis and Atopic Dermatitis: A Multi-Institutional Electronic Medical Records Database Study From Taiwan
Authors: Su Yu-Han , Huang Hsin-Chun , Chen I-Lun
Published: November 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is triggered by many environmental factors. We sought to determine the relationship between birth weight, infectious diseases, and AD. This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the CGR Database for the period 2004 through 2015 in Taiwan. All diseases were classified using the International Classification of Disease codes. Logistic regression adjusted for birth weights and comorbidities were analyzed by SAS (version 9.4). P < .05 were considered statistically significant. In children with AD, bronchiolitis was significantly associated with the development of AD, whether the patients were aged < 2 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.497; P = .014) or ≥ 2 years (OR = 1.882; P = .022). There was also no difference in the association between AD and different birth weights. We conclude that AD is associated with a previous history of bronchiolitis in children, regardless of age (less than or greater than 2 years).
Exploring Indigenous Language and Psychological Health Among Kickapoo Tribe Bilingual Individuals
Authors: Keyes Candice M. , Robbins Rockey R. , Romans John S. C.
Published: November 2023

Participants in this study were eight bilingual Kiiweekaapaa (Kickapoo) Tribal members. Coders independently reviewed the interview transcripts using a micro analytic perspective and grounded theory methodology to identify concepts that represent participant responses. The identified themes included language fluency, translation concerns, culture, historical trauma, acculturative stress, and hope. The participants provide the field with a deeper understanding of the perceptions held by Kickapoo Tribal bilingual individuals regarding knowledge of their Tribal language and psychological wellness.
Validation of computed tomography as a diagnostic tool in guinea pigs with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Lintrup Kristine , Ipsen David Højland , Skat-Rørdam Josephine , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Tveden-Nyborg Pernille , Buelund Lene Elisabeth
Published: November 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and subsequent steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most common cause of liver disease and liver transplantation in humans. Affecting millions of patients worldwide, diagnosis relies on a biopsy, not without risk to the patient, and emphasises the need for improved diagnostic measures to determine and monitor disease progression. Despite intensive research, approved pharmacological treatment modalities are few, underlining that animal models with increased translational validity are important to advance preclinical drug development. This study validates the applicability of computed tomography (CT) as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for the assessment of liver steatosis in a guinea pig model of NAFLD/NASH. Guinea pigs with induced NAFLD or NASH were compared to healthy controls at two separate time points: week 16, serving as baseline measure, and week 25 to monitor disease progression over time. The animals were subsequently euthanised, and samples were collected to confirm disease stage. The data showed a strong negative correlation between liver triglycerides and Hounsfield unit (HU) values ( R2 = 0.8157; p < 0.0001). A significant difference in histopathological scoring and HU values between grade 0 and more advanced stages of steatosis was recorded ( p < 0.001), although the degree of liver fibrosis could not be accurately evaluated by differences in HU. In conclusion, the present study validates CT scanning for the determination of hepatic steatosis in guinea pigs, and it strongly supports the technique as a relevant non-invasive diagnostic tool in this species.
Posthumous conception in Australia – legal and ethical considerations
Authors: Polyakov Alex , Piskopos Jacqueline , Rozen Genia
Published: November 2023

Posthumous conception, the ability to conceive a child after the death of one partner, is increasingly prevalent due to advances in Artificial Reproduction Technology (ART). This paper considers the complexities surrounding the practice in Australia, focusing primarily on the ethical and legal dimensions. It observes that state-based regulations in Australia create disparities in accessibility: some states prohibit the procedure without the deceased’s written consent, while others permit it based on guidelines or lack explicit prohibitions. Addressing the juxtaposition of Will Theory and Interest Theory, it emphasises the ongoing debate on whether rights, particularly reproductive autonomy, outlive a person’s demise. Finally, the paper highlights an evident inconsistency in Australian legislation and promotes a uniform approach across states.
Youth as coresearchers: Social justice means youth as knowledge makers too
Authors: Benninger Elizabeth , Naser Shereen , O'Neill Sinéad M.
Published: November 2023

Dominant knowledge systems rely on a Western perspective of creating and disseminating new information. These systems marginalize traditional ways of knowing including co-creating knowledge, personal narratives and lived experiences, as well as inherited cultural knowledge. Additionally, Western knowledge systems have centered the White adult male as the primary knowledge creator both through what has been valued in contemporary scientific traditions and culturally in the image of who is considered capable of creating knowledge. Those who do not fit this image have historically been marginalized and exploited in the pursuit of knowledge making including youth and particularly youth with diverse racial/ethnic identities. It is these narrow epistemological systems that have informed school psychology research and practice since its inception. Recent calls for social justice as central to school psychology work have challenged the status quo and emphasized the amplification of marginalized voices in research and practice. Therefore, this article outlines methodologies that subvert more traditional knowledge-making strategies foundational to school psychology work and critiques these to provide guidelines for methodologies that can truly incorporate youth as co-researchers, particularly Black, Indigenous and youth of color within a US context. A case study illustrating the implementation of these guidelines is included.
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Experiences of Pediatric Acute Mastoiditis and Its Complications at the University Tertiary Care Center in the 10-Year Prevaccinal Period
Authors: Cvorovic Ljiljana , Dudvarski Zoran , Relic Nenad , Radivojevic Nemanja , Soldatovic Ivan , Arsovic Nenad
Published: November 2023

Introduction: We aim to provide an overview of the clinical characteristics and treatment of pediatric acute mastoiditis (AM) and its complications in the prevaccinal pneumococcal period. Materials and methods: Retrospective case series. An analysis of pediatric patients with AM treated at a university tertiary care center from 2008 to 2018 was performed. Results: The research included 121 children, and 27.3% of them had some form of complication. The mean age at presentation of AM was 3.7 years (range = 0–18 years). The most common extracranial complication of AM was a subperiosteal abscess (n = 25, 75.8%) and the most common intracranial complication was meningoencephalitis (n = 2, 6%). The most common pathogen isolated in the complicated AM was Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 17, 51.5%). A total of 60% of patients reported antibiotic use before hospital admission, mostly third-generation cephalosporins (37.5%). There was a statistically significant difference between age group and occurrence of complications ( P = .001). Females had complications more frequently than males ( P = .035). There were no statistically significant differences in levels of inflammatory parameters (C-reactive protein and leukocyte count) between patients with or without complications ( P = .373 and P = .124; respectively). All patients with complications of AM were surgically treated. Mortality was 0% and all children completely recovered. Conclusion: Extracranial and intracranial complications of AM required surgical treatment and extended antibiotic therapy. Inflammation parameters did not have a predictive role in identifying children with complications of AM. Further investigations will determine whether the introduction of the mandatory pneumococcal vaccine in our country has led to a reduction in the incidence of AM and its complications.
Unpacking the Role of Job Insecurity for Employee Creativity: A Multidimensional Perspective
Authors: Qu Hao , Walter Frank , Zhang Yong , Zhang Xiaomeng
Published: November 2023

Modern organizations frequently expect their employees to exhibit high creativity while facing considerable job insecurity. Although it is often assumed that job insecurity diminishes individual creativity, the empirical findings on this relationship are not consistent. The present study aims to scrutinize this assumption and to address such inconsistencies. To do so, we cast both job insecurity and creativity as multidimensional constructs, and we examine key mechanisms and boundary conditions of their linkages. Results from both a longitudinal (Study 1) and a time-lagged multisource survey study (Study 2) illustrated a negative indirect relation between quantitative job insecurity and radical creativity via diminished career commitment. For qualitative job insecurity, by contrast, there was a negative indirect relation with incremental creativity via reduced organizational identification. Moreover, Study 2 revealed distinct moderators for these associations. Employees’ turnover risk propensity buffered the indirect connection between quantitative job insecurity and radical creativity, whereas Confucian traditionality mitigated the indirect relation between qualitative job insecurity and incremental creativity. These findings shed new light on the important role of job insecurity for individual employees’ creative performance and advance our theoretical understanding of the complexities underlying these linkages.
Science behind social media discontinuance: An integrated model of stress and coping theory
Authors: Mahmud Imran , Wen Lim Hui , Fern Yeo Sook , Ling Tan Cheng , Ramayah T.
Published: November 2023

Social networking services (SNS) have multiple benefits. The ease of communication through SNS has led to an increase in their popularity and number of users. As a network continues to grow, users are overwhelmed by the need to pay more attention to the overwhelming volume of social demands to stay connected with friends and family. As a result, many choose to withdraw from social media temporarily or permanently. Based on stress coping theory, this paper proposes a research model to test the relationships between information overload, social overload, and communication overload with disturbance handling, self-preservation, exhaustion, and fatigue, on SNS discontinuation intention. The proposed model was tested in a field study in Malaysia, and data were collected from 159 respondents for all SNS users. The results of this study indicate that social overload has the strongest effect on coping strategy, while the theory of exhaustion and fatigue has a strong effect on discontinuation intention. This study advances the theoretical understanding of SNS discontinuation intention based on coping strategy and strain theory. It also provides suggestions for coping with overload.
Non-profit organisations in the digital age: A research agenda for supporting the development of a digital transformation strategy
Authors: Cipriano Michele , Za Stefano
Published: November 2023

Digital transformation (DT) research is moving to new frontiers of investigation, exploring the nexus between multi-scale and multi-level stimuli and effects. This article contributes to the literature examining how DT phenomena affect multiple and connected ecosystems among industries, governments, economies, and societies. Identifying DT outcomes in a given context includes considering the organisations’ unequal development and digital presence. Non-profit organisations (NPOs) are flagships of a unique organisational nature based on non-distributional constraints and the primacy of nonfinancial outcomes. Assuming DT as a process that could improve, transform, or change an entity’s property, this research examines which specific aspects link to DT outcomes in the context of NPOs, investigating preconditions, value-creation structures, and strategic development. The study performs a meta-synthesis by developing a taxonomy of 124 journal articles strictly discussing DT in NPOs to identify objects and characteristics describing the debate. Subsequently, it questions the validity of adopting insights resulting from other organisational forms to study and develop DT strategies for NPOs by comparing two frameworks. This study contributes to the current body of knowledge by suggesting a lens of analysis helpful in assessing the (DT) value-creation structures of NPOs, a research agenda outlining future directions, and recommendations intended to support NPOs’ policymakers and managers in undertaking DT projects.
The First 25 Years of Digital Marketing Education Research: A Thematic Exploration and an Agenda for Future Inquiry
Authors: Parker Janna M. , James Kevin W. , Leggett Britton R. , Al-Shammari Marwan
Published: November 2023

The internet has changed marketing education and disrupted the traditional approach to teaching marketing. Digital marketing as a field of study is a dynamic discipline that requires educators to evaluate their curricula and teaching methods constantly. This research reviews the digital marketing education research over the past 25 years to gauge the current standing of the extant literature. A multi-step process with specific research goals was implemented to assess the current state. First, a thematic review of the literature based on the modules of capabilities developed by the Digital Marketing Institute and the American Marketing Association contributed to identifying four eras of digital marketing education research. Next, the authors assess areas of research coinciding with the topical review to assess relevant research in each area. We conclude with recommendations for research to fill the gaps, including calls for work in search engine optimization, analytics, and email marketing, as well as greater attention when submitting article keywords, as finding papers when searching EBSCO or Web of Science depends on relevant keywords.
Incidence and risk factors of post-stroke seizures and epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nandan Aathmika , Zhou Yi Mei , Demoe Lindsay , Waheed Adnan , Jain Puneet , Widjaja Elysa
Published: November 2023

Objective

Due to variability in reports, the aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of post-stroke early seizures (ES) and post-stroke epilepsy (PSE).

Methods

The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched for post-stroke ES/PSE articles published on any date up to November 2020. Post-stroke ES included seizures occurring within 7 days of stroke, and PSE included at least one unprovoked seizure. Using random effects models, the incidence and risk factors of post-stroke ES and PSE were evaluated. The study was retrospectively registered with INPLASY (INPLASY2023100008).

Results

Of 128 included studies in total, the incidence of post-stroke ES was 0.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05, 0.10) and PSE was 0.10 (95% CI 0.08, 0.13). The rates were higher in children than adults. Risk factors for post-stroke ES included hemorrhagic stroke (odds ratio [OR] 2.14, 95% CI 1.44, 3.18), severe strokes (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.73, 4.14), cortical involvement (OR 3.09, 95% CI 2.11, 4.51) and hemorrhagic transformation (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.58, 4.60). Risk factors for PSE included severe strokes (OR 4.92, 95% CI 3.43, 7.06), cortical involvement (OR 3.20, 95% CI 2.13, 4.81), anterior circulation infarcts (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.34, 8.03), hemorrhagic transformation (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.25, 6.30) and post-stroke ES (OR 7.24, 95% CI 3.73, 14.06).

Conclusion

Understanding the risk factors of post-stroke ES/PSE may identify high-risk individuals who might benefit from prophylactic treatment.
Soil erosion on arable land: An unresolved global environmental threat
Authors: Quinton John N , Fiener Peter
Published: November 2023

Rationale and scope: Although soil erosion was recognised as a serious problem in antiquity and research into erosion started in the early 20th century, it remains a substantial problem for agriculture and the environment across the globe. It disrupts agricultural production, threatening food production, increases the severity of floods and droughts and impacts on soil biology and biogeochemical cycling. This review describes the different processes and manifestations of erosion on arable land and the availability of global data. It points out that while there is a good understanding of the processes of erosion, the causes are complex and even if agronomic and landscape solutions are available, their implementation is challenging and needs tailored approaches to account for the specific local socio-economic, political, and institutional contexts.
ChatGPT Hallucinates Non-existent Citations: Evidence from Economics
Authors: Buchanan Joy , Hill Stephen , Shapoval Olga
Published: November 2023

In this study, we generate prompts derived from every topic within the Journal of Economic Literature to assess the abilities of both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 versions of the ChatGPT large language model (LLM) to write about economic concepts. ChatGPT demonstrates considerable competency in offering general summaries but also cites non-existent references. More than 30% of the citations provided by the GPT-3.5 version do not exist and this rate is only slightly reduced for the GPT-4 version. Additionally, our findings suggest that the reliability of the model decreases as the prompts become more specific. We provide quantitative evidence for errors in ChatGPT output to demonstrate the importance of LLM verification.

JEL Codes: B4; O33; I2
Exploring the Evolutionary Boundaries of Community Business
Authors: Tuckerman Lauren , Nelles Jen , Owalla Beldina , Vorley Tim
Published: November 2023

Community businesses contribute to the economic and social well-being of the communities in which they operate. As a subset of hybrid organizations, community businesses have unique challenges and opportunities related to their community embeddedness. Our study adopts an institutional logic perspective to understand the evolutionary boundaries of community business, which we argue, are shaped by the interplay of tensions between the social, market, and community logics. While existing literature discusses institutional logics from a dichotomous angle, focusing mainly on the social and market logics, we argue that the introduction of a third logic (i.e., community logics) has ramifications for the evolution of hybrid organizations. The different trajectories may have implications for the social, community, and economic impact that organizations can have. We draw on 39 qualitative interviews to provide useful insights for policy and practice on supporting community businesses.
Prediction of static failure in metal inert gas welded nuclear grade pipe 347 SS: Experimentation and finite-element analysis approach
Authors: Veeman Dhinakaran , Subramaniyan Mohan Kumar , Browne Micheal Agnelo , Yang Chunhui , Guo Lei
Published: November 2023

Defect repair, one of primary concerns in the maintenance system for pipelines and other high strength components, is crucial in improving the reliability and economic benefits. Even though modern industries use several welding techniques to join metals, metal inert gas (MIG) welding is frequently preferred to weld stainless steel components by producing strong joints at high speed. In this study, MIG welding was used to butt weld 347 SS pipes. Research related to material failure is critical to engineers in order to find suitable application. Tensile test provides the static behavior of material. Therefore, predicting the strength and failure of material helps in satisfying industrial needs. Finite-element analysis (FEA) is an efficient technique to predict physical phenomenon virtually, therefore reducing the need for real-time prototypes. Johnson-Cook (J-C) material failure model is utilized to define failure in FEA model. Error percentage obtained while comparing FEA and experimental results of weld metal is 1.03%. Presence of niobium carbide is evident through the line map of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectrum which prevents knife line attack through retarding chromium carbide precipitation at high temperature cycles. Welded samples with tensile strength of 583 ± 3 MPa exhibit better mechanical strength than base metal with tensile strength of 575 ± 2.5 MPa. This change in mechanical properties is caused by microstructural variation led by occurrence of constitutional supercooling while melt-pool solidifies. Failure mechanism of ductile fracture is understood from fractography (Tensile sample). Hence, this study provides a complete knowledge on failure mechanism of MIG-welded nuclear grade steel pipe under static loading. The failure mechanisms are explained in terms of FEA (J-C model) and fractography.
Energetic, exergetic and environmental (3E) analysis of three different heat pump systems in Kocaeli
Authors: Cimsit Canan , Vidinlioglu Halit Can
Published: November 2023

This study presents an energetic, exergetic and environmental (3E) evaluation of different source heat pump systems for heating. For the first time, three different systems, namely ground, solar energy-assisted ground and solar source heat pump systems, have been modeled for Kocaeli climate conditions and thermodynamic analyses have been performed. The calculation procedure has been given for the correct design and evaluation of the models of these systems. The energy and exergy analyses have been made of these systems. The compressor work of the solar-assisted ground source heat pump (GSHP) system is 5.4% lower than the GSHP system. The solar source heat pump has the highest exergy destruction at 14.29 kW. In addition, the collector areas have been calculated for the solar energy-assisted ground and solar energy source heat pumps. The solar radiation values according to the months have been calculated for Kocaeli. This study shows that the heat pump systems can be used in residential heating in Kocaeli. Thus, it is possible to achieve more efficient and economical heating using alternative energy sources in heat pumps. The heat pumps are an effective environmental protection and energy-saving technology.
Study of the influence of multiple factors on the boundary layer of a high-lift LPT with the RBF-GA method
Authors: Sun Shuang , Huang Zhen , Kang Jinhui , Sun Xiaopeng , Kuang Boyu , Lu Lehan
Published: November 2023

In a high-altitude cruising state, boundary layer separation exists in high-lift low-pressure turbines, and inflow conditions corresponding to different blade designs can directly affect the working efficiency of low-pressure turbines. In particular, the reduced frequency of wake and free-stream turbulence intensity in an inlet flow can greatly influence boundary layer separation and transition development. In this paper, the influence of different inflow turbulence intensities and reduced wake frequencies on the development of suction surface boundary layers in high-lift low-pressure turbines under the influence of upstream wakes is studied by numerical simulations and experiments. Due to the combination of inflow free-stream turbulence intensity and reduced wake frequency, many inflow conditions can be chosen in the design process, and the unsteady influence of upstream wakes complicates the boundary layer flow. In this paper, an RBF (radial basis function)-GA (genetic algorithm) machine learning method is used to explore the optimal inlet conditions corresponding to the minimum profile loss of the Pak-B profile. The search region of the free-stream turbulence intensity is 2%–4%, and the reduced frequency of the wake is changed by changing the flow coefficient, whose variation range is 0.7–1.3. It is found that the RBF-GA machine learning method can attain an inflow condition with a lower profile loss while using the same amount of computation and effort.
Management of academic library services in the 21st century digital dispensation
Authors: Akinola Samson Adesina
Published: November 2023

Academic library services have undergone significant change since the development of ICT. Thus, managing academic library service in the digital age requires a strategic approach that incorporates technology, user engagement, and adaptability to meet the evolving needs of students, faculty, and researchers. This study therefore, explores the role of ICT in the modern management of academic library services. This study specifically centers on identifying the challenges of managing academic libraries in digital environment and suggests strategies for effective management of academic libraries in digital era. The desk research approach and brainstorming with professional colleagues were combined to elicit the facts for the study and adopted content analysis of various literatures relating to the subject was used to draw inferences. The empathy of the paper is on how academic libraries can leverage ICT to enhance various services, including lending, circulation, and cataloguing. Additionally, the study highlights the potential of social media platforms to address the technological needs of library users. Various aspects of library services, such as Library Management, e-Libraries, online cataloguing, and social media services, digitization, Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) were examined in terms of how ICT has impacted them. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges associated with managing library services in the 21st century. To address these challenges, the study suggests incorporating ICT skills into library curricula and increasing funding for ICT infrastructure. Ultimately, the paper emphasized the necessity of embracing and integrating technology to meet the evolving needs of library users.
Performance improvement of horizontal axis wind turbines using curved gurney flap: 3D numerical investigation
Authors: Sedighi Hamed , Akbarzadeh Pooria , Salavatipour Ali
Published: November 2023

The impact of curved Gurney flaps on the performance of a 660 kW V47 horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is analyzed in this study. The trailing edge of the turbine blades is passively modified by curved flaps. The continuity and momentum equations are solved using a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver and Shear-Stress-Transport turbulent model. The effect of the direction and radius of curved flaps on the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine (torque and power generation, flow separation, and thrust loads) is examined. The study examines how the curved flap’s performance on HAWT is affected by the blade pitch angle ([Formula: see text]) and wind speed ([Formula: see text]). According to the results, curve flaps have a positive impact on the output torque at lower pitch angles ([Formula: see text]). The average torque increase for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is 3.7% for curve flaps, while it is only 2.9% for flat flaps. This conclusion is not valid for higher pitch angles ([Formula: see text]) where the flap disrupts the aerodynamic performance. Further, the use of curve flaps with the radius of [Formula: see text] (inward-type) can improve the torque produced (up to [Formula: see text]) compared to other curved flaps and even flat flaps, especially around the nominal operating point. This conclusion is valid for [Formula: see text], while for higher pitch angles, the flat Gurney flap has better performance generally.
Risk identification, analysis, and solution to carbon finance development in China: An improved DEMATEL-ISM approach under fuzzy environment
Authors: Liu Yuanxin , Luo Xu , He Shuo , Yuan Jiahai , Tao Yao
Published: November 2023

Developing carbon finance is significant to a green-oriented transition of energy but suffering risks in China. This article aims to construct a framework for the risk identification, analysis, and solution of carbon finance development. It could help trading parties, third-party intermediaries, and government to understand the main obstacles to carbon finance and then take effective control measures. Firstly, 12 risk factors in policy, economy, environment, technology, and society five aspects are identified. Secondly, the risk analysis data is obtained through a comparison of the mutual influence degree of factors, where hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set is used to collect the initial information and triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number is employed to quantify the qualitative linguistics. Expanding the analysis into fuzzy environment can avoid the loss of decision information caused by traditional single real number evaluation. Thirdly, the improved decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and interpretative structural modeling methods are combined to gain the risk analysis results. K-means is used to refine the influence relationship between factors in traditional DEMATEL to three categories: high effect, low effect, and no effect, which enhances applicability of the model in reality. Finally, corresponding improvement schemes and policy suggestions are proposed for each risk factor. The findings of research show that among the risks hindering carbon finance development: low carbon price, immature carbon abatement technology, lack of carbon financial products, and operational risk are the direct factors; adjustments in international climate policy is the fundamental factor.
Phenotyping of Macrophages After Radiolabeling and Safety of Intra-arterial Transplantation Assessed by SPECT/CT and MRI
Authors: Friberger Ida , Gontu Vamsi , Harris Robert A. , Tran Thuy A. , Lundberg Johan , Holmin Staffan
Published: November 2023

Cell therapy is an integral modality of regenerative medicine. Macrophages are known for their sensitivity to activation stimuli and capability to recruit other immune cells to the sites of injury and healing. In addition, the route of administration can impact engraftment and efficacy of cell therapy, and modern neuro-interventional techniques provide the possibility for selective intra-arterial (IA) delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) with very low risk. The effects of radiolabelling and catheter transport on differentially activated macrophages were evaluated. Furthermore, the safety of selective IA administration of these macrophages to the rabbit brain was assessed by single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and ultra-high-field (9.4 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cells were successfully labeled with (111In)In-(oxinate)3 and passed through a microcatheter with preserved phenotype. No cells were retained in the healthy rabbit brain after IA administration, and no adverse events could be observed either 1 h ( n = 6) or 24 h ( n = 2) after cell administration. The procedure affected both lipopolysaccharide/gamma interferon (LPS/IFNγ) activated cells and interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 10 (IL10)/transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) activated cells to some degree. The LPS/IFNγ activated cells had a significant increase in their phagocytotic function. Overall, the major impact on the cell phenotypes was due to the radiolabeling and not passage through the catheter. Unstimulated cells were substantially affected by both radiolabeling and catheter administration and are hence not suited for this procedure, while both activated macrophages retained their initial phenotypes. In conclusion, activated macrophages are suitable candidates for targeted IA administration without adverse effects on normal, healthy brain parenchyma.