bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using spatial video geonarratives to improve nursing care for people who use drugs and experience homelessness: A methodology for nurses
Authors: Jackson Jennifer , Ewanyshyn Alexandra , Perry Samantha , Ens Twyla , Ginn Carla , Keanna Claire , Armstrong Grace , Ajayakumar Jayakrishnan , Curtis Jacqueline , Curtis Andrew
Published: December 2023

Background

People who are insecurely housed and use drugs are disproportionately affected by drug poisonings. Nurses are uniquely positioned to utilize harm reduction strategies to address the needs of the whole person. Needle debris encompasses drug paraphernalia discarded in public spaces. Studying needle debris provides a strategic opportunity to identify where drugs are being used and target public health strategies accordingly.

Aim

Our aim in this article is to illustrate how spatial video geonarratives (SVG) combined GPS technology interviews, and videos of locations with needle debris, can elicit valuable data for nursing research.

Methods

Using SVG required knowledge of how to collect data wearing cameras and practice sessions were necessary. A Miufly camera worn at waist height on a belt provided the stability to walk while interviewing stakeholders. We wore the cameras and conducted go‐along interviews with outreach workers, while filming the built environment. Upon completion of data collection, both the interview and GPS information were analysed using Wordmapper software.

Conclusions

This methodology resulted in data presented uniquely in both a visual map and narrative. These data were richer than if a single modality had been used. These data highlighted specific contextual factors that were related to the location of needle debris, which created opportunities for nursing interventions to support people experiencing vulnerability.
Perceived barriers and facilitators to good end of life care: Focusing on people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Diaz Marissa A , Angus Fionn Crombie , Bickenbach Jerome E
Published: December 2023

Background

People with intellectual disabilities are often left out of research on important topics. This exploratory study investigated their views on barriers and facilitators to accessing care at end of life, both at home and in a hospice setting.

Method

This qualitative study used reflexive thematic analysis. Two focus groups were held via Zoom with a total of four participants.

Results

Three themes were produced: Unsettling Transitions, Maintaining Familiarity, and Respecting People's Wishes. Keeping things as unchanged as possible at end of life was highlighted as an ideal. Respecting people's wishes and education were highlighted as facilitators to good end of life care.

Conclusions

The themes identified in this study highlight the fears and wishes of this population with regards to receiving quality end of life care. Training for staff and families, as well as advanced care planning, could focus on enhancing facilitators and decreasing barriers for this population.
Evidence that species richness begets species richness
Authors: Cramer Michael D. , Verboom G. Anthony
Published: December 2023

Aim

The variability in regional species richness is determined by the balance between speciation, extinction, and migration, but the underlying causes of high species richness in some regions (e.g. tropics, Mediterranean ecosystems) are challenging to explain. Species richness variability may be amplified by biotic feedbacks that promote species richness in some areas, while decreasing elsewhere. Following the example of species abundance, we speculated that species richness per area in arbitrary geographic units (e.g. quarter‐degree squares) follows a hollow‐shaped curve with the ranks of species richness to yield a species richness rank (SRR) curve. The hollowness of such an SRR curve may indicate biotic feedbacks.

Location

South Africa, South West Australia, and global.

Materials and Methods

We used vascular plant (VP) and bird data from distinct geographic regions and global syntheses of VP, bird, mammal, and amphibian species richness. These data were subdivided into geographic grids and the deviation from normality of the species richness quantified using skewness and kurtosis and the values ranked to yield SRR curves.

Results

These SRR curves all had a consistent hollow shape (corresponding skewness 1.08–3.4, kurtosis 0.23–18.40) distinct from a normal distribution arising if species were allocated randomly to geographic units. The SRR curves indicate that relatively species‐rich regions are rare, while species‐poor areas are common.

Main Conclusions

Neutral processes, abiotic determinants, environmental heterogeneity, historical factors (e.g. climate stability), and biotic feedbacks all likely play a role in contributing to the shapes of the curves. Although these curves for diverse taxa and regions integrate these multiple drivers of species richness, they indicate an acceleration of species richness as a function of species richness as a result of speciation and/or immigration, limited by increasing extinction likelihood. Biotic feedbacks provide a parsimonious explanation for the shapes of the SRR curves across taxa and regions.
Serum lipoprotein subfractions are associated with the periodontal status: Results from the population‐based cohort SHIP‐TREND
Authors: Kapp Marius , Holtfreter Birte , Kocher Thomas , Friedrich Nele , Pink Christiane , Völzke Henry , Nauck Matthias
Published: December 2023

Aim

To investigate the medium‐term associations of serum protein subfractions derived from proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy with periodontitis and tooth loss.

Materials and Methods

A total of 3031 participants of the cohort Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐TREND) were included. In addition to conventional serum testing, serum lipoprotein contents and subfractions were analysed by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. Confounder‐adjusted associations of lipoprotein variables with periodontitis and the number of missing teeth variables were analysed using mixed‐effects models with random intercepts for time across individuals, accounting for multiple testing.

Results

While only spurious associations between lipoprotein levels from conventional blood tests were found—that is, triglycerides were associated with mean clinical attachment level (CAL) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C/HDL‐C) ratio with the number of missing teeth ‐ several associations emerged from serum lipoprotein subfractions derived from 1H‐NMR analysis. Specifically, elevated LDL triglycerides were associated with higher levels of mean probing depth (PD), mean CALs, and increased odds of having <20 teeth. HDL‐4 cholesterol levels were inversely associated with mean PD. Systemic inflammation (C‐reactive protein) might mediate the effects of LDL and HDL triglyceride contents on periodontitis severity.

Conclusions

Several associations between serum lipoprotein subfractions and periodontitis were observed. As the underlying biochemical mechanisms remain unclear, further research is needed.
Editorial: Prevention is the best cure – or is it? A cautionary tale
Authors: Overbeek Geertjan
Published: December 2023

In large parts of the Western world prevention is considered a necessary, core component of successful youth care practice. Yet, mental health problems in young people do not appear to have declined over the past decades. How to explain this paradox? In this editorial for theJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, several possible explanations are explored, one of which centers around how prevention is being operationalized—primarily, nowadays, as a screen‐and‐resolve ‘troubleshooting’ approach, rather than as an approach that supports the development of good health, competence, and resilience.
Nail psoriasis in China: A prospective multicentre study
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Zhu Jianjian , Wang Ping , Dong Jing , Li Yanling , Shi Dongmei , Wang Huiping , Huang Xi , Zhang Xibao , Yu Bo , Yang Ziliang , Chen Rixin , Wang Xiaopeng , Li Fuqiu , Bian Kunpeng , Huo Yuping , Yu Nan , Li Chen , Xia Xiujuan , Lu Jiejie , Li Junjie , Lu Yonghong , Xu Yonghao , Ding Yuan , Li Yuzhen , Kang Xiaojing , Li Ruoyu
Published: December 2023

Background

Data on nail psoriasis (PsO) in China are scarce.

Objectives

To provide nail PsO‐related data regarding epidemiologic characteristics, manifestations, fungal infections, arthritic complaints and treatments that may facilitate improved patient management globally.

Methods

From August 2021 to August 2022, patients with nail PsO were enrolled in a prospective multicentre observational study at 25 hospitals in China. We collected and analysed data concerning nail PsO demography, clinical signs, fungal detection, arthritic symptoms and treatment.

Results

A total of 817 patients with nail PsO were involved, with a mean body mass index of 24.13 ± 2.93. In addition, 71.41% of the patients were male. The Nail PsO Severity Index score was weakly positively correlated with body surface area. The percentage of nail involvement was 95.29% for fingernails and 57.18% for toenails, with pitting (67.11%) and subungual hyperkeratosis (60.40%) being the most prevalent manifestations, respectively. Toenails showed a significantly higher frequency of nailfold scales, subungual hyperkeratosis and nail plate crumbling and a lower frequency of splinter haemorrhages, pitting and erythema of the lunula. A total of 13.26% of the PsO patients had onychomycosis, and 77.08% were observed in the toenails. Articular symptoms were reported by 12.17% of the patients, with the peripheral type being predominant. Significant associations between articular symptoms and nailfold swelling, subungual hyperkeratosis, nailfold scales, onycholysis and longitudinal ridges were found. Only 2.30% (20 out of 871) of patients with nail PsO received treatment. The most frequently employed therapy for cutaneous PsO with nail involvement was biologic therapy (n = 366).

Conclusions

PsO showed distinct manifestations in the toenails and fingernails. Additionally, toenail PsO combined with onychomycosis requires special attention. Articular symptoms in psoriatic patients are associated with specific nail changes. It is important to research and advocate for more potent treatments for nail PsO.
A prospective cohort study of a new electrosurgical unit for preventing colorectal post‐endoscopic submucosal dissection coagulation syndrome
Authors: Shimura Takaya , Iwasaki Hiroyasu , Ozeki Takanori , Katano Takahito , Okuda Yusuke , Mizuno Yusuke , Fukusada Shigeki , Sugimura Naomi , Kitagawa Mika , Nishie Hirotada , Kataoka Hiromi
Published: December 2023

Background and Aim

Post‐endoscopic submucosal dissection coagulation syndrome (PECS) is a recognized complication of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); however, there is a lack of interventions for preventing PECS. We therefore conducted a prospective study to evaluate the utility of maXium, a novel electrosurgical unit, for preventing PECS.

Methods

This single‐center, prospective cohort study prospectively enrolled patients undergoing colorectal ESD. The voltage and power of the electrosurgical units were measured. PECS was defined as a visual analog scale (VAS) ≥ 30 mm, an increase of VAS ≥ 20 mm from baseline, body temperature ≥ 37.5°C, or white blood cell count ≥ 10 000/μL after ESD. PECS was classified into type I (without extra‐luminal air) and type II (with peri‐luminal air). The primary endpoint was the incidence of PECS. A sample size of 92 patients was required to ensure the upper limit of the 90% CI for the incidence of PECS was less than 15%.

Results

At resistances greater than 400 Ω, the maXium unit allowed submucosal dissection with lower power than with the VIO300D unit. Ninety‐one patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the final study analysis. The incidence of PECS was 16% (90% CI, 10–23%), comprising type I (11%) and type II (5%) PECS. Simple extra‐luminal air without PECS was observed in 7% of patients.

Conclusion

Use of the maXium electrosurgical unit did not reduce the incidence of PECS after colorectal ESD; however, the maXium unit had equivalent performance to a conventional electrosurgical unit used for colorectal ESD.
Lower eyelid position after ptosis repair in patients with blepharoptosis
Authors: Eshraghi Bahram , Karami Safoora , Zandi Alireza , Pourazizi Mohsen
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To determine the changes in the lower eyelid position, following ptosis surgery of the upper eyelid of the same eye in blepharoptosis patients.

Methods

This prospective interventional before and after study included patients aged more than 5 years with blepharoptosis. Margin reflex distance one (MRD‐1), MRD two (MRD‐2), and levator function were measured before and the 6 months after the surgery.

Results

Sixty patients with blepharoptosis (33 congenital and 27 acquired) were recruited. The mean age was 21.61 ± 10.82 and 59.8 ± 13.73 years in congenital and acquired groups, respectively. The mean MRD‐1 improved from 1.95 ± 0.99 before treatment to 4.47 ± 0.47 after treatment (p < 0.001). The mean MRD‐2 improved from 5.57 ± 0.63 before treatment to 4.95 ± 0.51 after treatment (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in MRD‐1 and MRD‐2 changes between the two groups (p > 0.05) There was no statistically significant correlation between MRD‐2 changes and LF (r = −0.03. p = 0.83).

Conclusion

Present study showed a significant improvement in the condition of the lower eyelid improved after upper eyelid ptosis surgery.
Dietary supplementation with a wheat polar lipid complex improves skin conditions in women with dry skin and mild‐to‐moderate skin aging
Authors: Kern Catherine , Dudonné Stéphanie , Garcia Christine
Published: December 2023

Background

Aging, menopause, and seasonal changes alter the lipid composition of the outermost skin layer, the stratum corneum, resulting in dry and itchy skin.

Aims

This clinical trial aimed at evaluating the effects of a wheat polar lipid complex (WPLC) on skin characteristics in women showing dry and wrinkled skin, investigating its effects in a subgroup of postmenopausal women, and assessing if benefits were maintained after supplementation.

Methods

Seventy‐two women with dry and wrinkled skin were recruited in this double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group study, and allocated to three groups of 24 subjects, each including at least 10 postmenopausal women. For 56 days, subjects consumed the WPLC supplement (oil or powder), or the placebo. Skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), elasticity, and profilometry were evaluated at baseline, after 14, 28, and 56 days of supplementation, and 56 days after the end of supplementation. Additionally, a lipidomic analysis was performed to examine changes in superficial skin layers over 56 days.

Results

Dietary supplementation with WPLC rapidly improved all parameters. It increased skin hydration, smoothness, and elasticity while decreasing TEWL, roughness, and wrinkle depth after only 14 days of supplementation. These effects were also observed in the subpopulation of postmenopausal women and led to an improved self‐perception of skin. For all the parameters, outcomes were not maintained after the supplementation was stopped. The lipidomic analysis revealed 10 compounds evolving over the 56 days of WPLC supplementation.

Conclusion

WPLC supplementation improved skin hydration, smoothness, elasticity, and wrinkledness within 14 days and, as expected, did not last after supplementation was stopped.
Life on the beach: Movements and growth of a coastal amphibian vary with distance to the sea
Authors: Lorrain‐Soligon L. , Robin F. , Palier S. , Lelong V. , Jankovic M. , Brischoux F.
Published: December 2023

Proximity to the seashore is a critical structuring factor of coastal wetlands due to its influence on varying sources of nutrients (marine and terrestrial) and on the spatial gradient of salinity (higher salinity closer to the seashore). The spatial gradient of salinity may impact organisms because most organisms need to maintain an osmotic balance. Osmoregulation is energetically costly, and exposure to salinity should induce a trade‐off in energetic allocation between osmoregulation and other competing functions such as growth rates and movement patterns. In this study, we used a capture–mark–recapture design during 3 consecutive years to investigate how distance to the sea influences growth rates and foraging movements (outside reproduction) in the western spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes), a typical coastal amphibian, in three populations from the French Atlantic coast. Growth rates were lower in larger individuals and in individuals living closer to the seashore. Distances travelled between captures were very limited (~20 m). Between years, these distances were larger for individuals located on the beach rather than inland, but were not influenced by body size or sex. Exposure to salinity and associated costs of osmoregulation may explain lower growth rates closer to the shoreline. The mechanisms underlying the effects of location on distances between captures remain to be identified, but may be related to foraging for abundant prey items on the wrack line. Our study confirms the remarkable terrestrial site fidelity in P. cultripes, which might be detrimental to coastal populations if localized perturbations affect coastal environments.
Salivary biomarkers: Effective diagnostic tool for oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liew Yoon Xuan , Kadir Kathreena , Phan Chia Wei , Leong Kok Hoong , Kallarakkal Thomas George , Tilakaratne Wanninayake Mudiyanselage
Published: December 2023

Objective

To identify potential salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia.

Materials and Methods

An advance search from PubMed and Hindawi was performed with keywords; oral leukoplakia/oral squamous cell carcinoma, salivary biomarker and diagnosis/prognosis. An additional search of articles was done through a manual search from the Google Scholar database.

Results

Twenty studies involving salivary biomarkers as diagnostic tools for oral squamous cell carcinoma and/or oral leukoplakia were identified. A narrative review was carried out.

Conclusion

Single or multiple salivary biomarkers reported by most studies have shown great potential as diagnostic tools for oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia. However, the validation of sensitivity and specificity should be carried out to ensure the accuracy of the biomarkers. Furthermore, a standardised method for saliva collection should be established to prevent variability in the expression of biomarkers.
The coffee leaf rust pandemic: An ever‐present danger to coffee production
Authors: Koutouleas Athina , Collinge David B. , Boa Eric
Published: December 2023

Coffee leaf rust (CLR) is caused by the biotrophic pathogenic fungus Hemileia vastatrix. Despite being the most researched coffee disease, mysteries still exist relating to its epidemiology and biology. The objective of this work is to highlight past and present events concerning this prominent coffee disease. We start with an historical overview of the homeland of Coffea arabica, the Afromontane forest of south‐west Ethiopia, and then follow its journey across the globe linked to colonial trade and power struggles. We report the relevance of CLR to coffee production today, with a focus on the Americas and summarize unproven hypotheses in relation to the cause of recent epidemics. We present an original hypothesis concerning the first major outbreak occurring in 1869 in Ceylon (Sri Lanka), based on geopolitical connections to global trade. We review old and new options for management of the disease. The likelihood of a yet undetected alternate host of H. vastatrix is also considered as an additional piece of the epidemiological puzzle. Finally, we reflect on the interactions between H. vastatrix and a changing climate. By better understanding past events, linked to CLR, we may be better prepared for future outbreaks.
A large sequenced mutant library – valuable reverse genetic resource that covers 98% of sorghum genes
Authors: Jiao Yinping , Nigam Deepti , Barry Kerrie , Daum Chris , Yoshinaga Yuko , Lipzen Anna , Khan Adil , Parasa Sai‐Praneeth , Wei Sharon , Lu Zhenyuan , Tello‐Ruiz Marcela K. , Dhiman Pallavi , Burow Gloria , Hayes Chad , Chen Junping , Brandizzi Federica , Mortimer Jenny , Ware Doreen , Xin Zhanguo
Published: December 2023

Mutant populations are crucial for functional genomics and discovering novel traits for crop breeding. Sorghum, a drought and heat‐tolerant C4 species, requires a vast, large‐scale, annotated, and sequenced mutant resource to enhance crop improvement through functional genomics research. Here, we report a sorghum large‐scale sequenced mutant population with 9.5 million ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)‐induced mutations that covered 98% of sorghum's annotated genes using inbred line BTx623. Remarkably, a total of 610 320 mutations within the promoter and enhancer regions of 18 000 and 11 790 genes, respectively, can be leveraged for novel research of cis‐regulatory elements. A comparison of the distribution of mutations in the large‐scale mutant library and sorghum association panel (SAP) provides insights into the influence of selection. EMS‐induced mutations appeared to be random across different regions of the genome without significant enrichment in different sections of a gene, including the 5′ UTR, gene body, and 3′‐UTR. In contrast, there were low variation density in the coding and UTR regions in the SAP. Based on the Ka/Ks value, the mutant library (~1) experienced little selection, unlike the SAP (0.40), which has been strongly selected through breeding. All mutation data are publicly searchable through SorbMutDB (https://www.depts.ttu.edu/igcast/sorbmutdb.php) and SorghumBase (https://sorghumbase.org/). This current large‐scale sequence‐indexed sorghum mutant population is a crucial resource that enriched the sorghum gene pool with novel diversity and a highly valuable tool for the Poaceae family, that will advance plant biology research and crop breeding.
The Production of Liberty Motor Parts at the Ford Plant
Authors: Verner W. F.
Published: December 2023

This paper deals with the production of Liberty motor cylinders and connecting-rod crankshaft bearings as carried on at the Ford Motor Company’s plant at Detroit. The contract made with the United Stales Government called for 5000 motors and these were to be produced at the rate of 50 per day of eight hours. To do this, important developments in the methods of manufacture were brought about by the Production Department of the Ford Motor Company.

One of these was the method of producing cylinders from tubing. Six operations were necessary and the author describes them in detail. The methods employed to produce connecting-rod crankshaft bearings likewise resulted in a great saving of time. Twenty-one operations were found necessary for this work and a complete description of each is given. The paper concludes with an explanation of the method of installing bearings in the upper and lower halves of the Liberty motor crankcase.
Fire Engines and the Essentials of Fire Fighting
Authors: Fox Charles H.
Published: December 2023

The importance of the fire engine and the methods employed in fire fighting are frequently underestimated by both layman and engineer, and this is due in no small part to the fact that the principles involved are not sufficiently understood. In this paper the author presents the essentials of effective fire fighting and shows the important relation thereto of the fire engine.

A brief historical sketch of the development of the fire engine is first given, and performances and methods of rating fire engines, as outlined by the National Board of Fire Underwriters, are next presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of the losses in fire hose and the determination of nozzle areas.
A Suggested Formula for Rating Kerosene Engines
Authors: Arnold D. L.
Published: December 2023

At the present time there is no standard method of rating kerosene oil engines, and consequently engines of the same displacement are given different ratings by each manufacturer. A standard formula would therefore be of value and in this paper the writer discusses the various formulæ now in use and suggests that a piston displacement of 13,000 cu. in. per minute be taken as one brake horsepower. The subject of a standard nameplate is also discussed and a suggested form is given.
Pulverized Coal for Stationary Boilers
Authors: Scheffler Fred’k A. , Barnhurst H. G.
Published: December 2023

It is the purpose of this paper to present those facts which the authors believe indicate the coming general adoption of pulverized coal as a fuel for boilers. Since stoker firing is the most efficient method when solid fuels are used, a comparison of stoker and pulverized-fuel plants is given, with particular reference to reliability, cost, adaptability and efficiency. The cost of pulverizing coal and the cost of stoker operation are discussed in detail and tables given showing results of tests on pulverized-fuel plants and data regarding boiler installations using pulverized coal as a fuel.
Flow of Water Through Condenser Tubes
Authors: De Baufre William L. , Stuart Milton C.
Published: December 2023

In this paper the authors give particulars regarding an extended series of tests recently conducted at the United States Naval Engineering Experiment Station at Annapolis, Md., to determine the friction loss of water flowing through ⅝-in. No. 18 gage standard condenser tubes. The investigations covered variable velocities, water temperatures, and tube lengths, as well as the effect of both fresh and salt water. The results obtained are presented in tabular form and from them a general formula has been derived which gives the total drop in pressure due to entrance and exit losses and to frictional resistance within the tube.
Influence of Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing Parameters on Dry Friction and Wear Properties of Al–Mg–Si Alloy's Built Surfaces Fabricated by Sheet Lamination
Authors: Das Ankan , Biswas Pankaj , Kapil Sajan
Published: December 2023

In this article, friction stir additive manufacturing, a solid-state process for rapid fabrication of large components, is employed to investigate laminated Al–Mg–Si alloy blocks. The study delves into microstructural changes, hardness distribution, and wear behavior on two distinct surfaces using various parameters such as rotational speed (800 rpm and 1200 rpm), traverse speed (41 mm/min and 82 mm/min), and a 50% pin overlap for block fabrication. Macrographs demonstrate the influence of adjacent toolpath overlap on layer integrity through interfacial mixing and consolidation of plastically deformed material. Within the overall stirred zone, re-stirring effects lead to refined grain formation and the dissolution of Mg2Si precipitates, resulting in an uneven micro-hardness distribution due to varying thermal cycles. Notably, specimens with a traverse speed of 41 mm/min exhibit reduced wear loss, attributed to microstructural changes that enhance resistance to plastic deformation during sliding, thereby improving tribo-layer stability. This enhancement is attributed to increased hardness arising from refined grains and the strain-hardening effect. Interestingly, the study finds that the horizontal surface of the fabricated blocks displays superior wear resistance compared to the vertical surface, due to the more homogeneous microstructure in individual layers. Further analysis using field emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy unveils the presence of glaze layers, oxide films, galling surfaces, grooving, trimming impacts, plowing marks, and the accumulation of wear debris within wide pits and on worn-out pin surfaces. Scar morphology reveals that both abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms contribute to volumetric losses in the specimens.
Proceedings of the 2022 EEC/WTERT Conference
Authors: Castaldi Marco J. , Ali Snehesh S.
Published: December 2023

This conference held at The City College of New York included speakers from around the world collectively representing the global perspective on best waste management practices. Over the past 19 years the work of EEC|CCNY & CCL has been disseminated globally, through sessions organized within larger conferences, to expose the public to technically rigorous research and analyses of processes that sustainably manage waste.
Operating Performance Improvements at the Hennepin Energy Recovery Center
Authors: Clark Matt , Krumwiede Jeff
Published: December 2023

GRE HERC Services (GHS) operates the Hennepin Energy Recovery Center (HERC) in Minneapolis, Minnesota (as shown in the aerial view of the facility in Figure 1). The facility is owned by Hennepin County as part of their Integrated Solid Waste system and consists of a 1212 ton per day (TPD) mass-burn Waste-to-Energy (WTE) power plant. The facility has been in operation for over 30 years and is anticipated to be an important part of Hennepin County’s integrated solid waste system for many years to come.
Moving Up the Waste Hierarchy: Modeled Emissions Reductions from Applying Sustainable Waste Management Practices in the United States
Authors: Halevi Shanee J. , Giordano Charles R. , Van Brunt Michael E.
Published: December 2023

More sustainable waste and materials management and implementation of the Waste Hierarchy could achieve significant reductions in U.S. greenhouse gas emissions across the economy through reductions in waste generation and increases in recycling, composting, and anaerobic digestion. For wastes remaining, landfilling is minimized, especially for biodegradable wastes, and energy recovery is prioritized. With a 35% reduction in per capita municipal solid waste generation, an increase in the overall recycling rate from 27% to 65%, inclusive of composting and anaerobic digestion with digestate reuse, and energy recovery and landfilling rates of 20% and 15% respectively, the U.S. could reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to business-as-usual practices by approximately 700 million metric tons per year by 2050. This level of reduction would contribute roughly 8% of the overall net GHG reductions required to meet a target of net zero GHG emissions by 2050, the level required to ensure that global temperature increases are kept below 1.5°C relative to pre-industrial levels to stem the most severe impacts of climate change. These reductions result from avoided landfill methane emissions, as well as displaced fossil-fuel fired grid connected electricity, and avoided emissions from recycling and waste reduction.
The Role of the ABREN and WtERT-Brasil Association in Advancing Sustainable Waste Management in Brazil
Authors: Tisi Yuri Schmitke Almeida Belchior
Published: December 2023

One of the biggest problems in Latin America, and particularly in Brazil, is the poor management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), the consequences of which being countless damage to the environment and public health. More than 50 years behind in terms of waste management compared to developed countries, Brazil still endorses outdated practices such as landfills as being environmentally appropriate. This is what the article 3, section VIII of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) established by Law no. 12.305/2010, provides for when defining landfills as “environmentally appropriate” whereas in practice it would be an outdated, non-sustainable way of managing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).

Brazil produced 82.4 million tons of MSW in 2020, out of which 3.9% recycled and sent for composting, 60.2% to landfills and the remainder 30.2 million tons (or 39.8% of all waste) dumped by 2,868 municipalities in dumps or unsanitary landfills (ABRELPE, 2021), without even mentioning that dumping waste in a unsanitary landfill or dumpsites constitutes an environmental crime. This shows the structural flaws in public policies that have resulted in irreversible environmental damage for present and future generations in Brazil.
Front Matter
Authors: Castaldi Marco J. , Ali Snehesh S.
Published: December 2023

This frontmatter contains the welcome letter and table of contents. It is available for free by clicking on the PDF icon below.

eBook keywords: sustainable waste management, waste streams, waste sustainability, waste management practices, waste-to-energy, waste management regulation, municipal solid waste, waste generation rates, waste pollution, waste industry, circular economy, recycling, energy policy.
Cryo-EM structure of influenza helical nucleocapsid reveals NP-NP and NP-RNA interactions as a model for the genome encapsidation
Authors: Chenavier Florian , Estrozi Leandro F. , Teulon Jean-Marie , Zarkadas Eleftherios , Freslon Lily-Lorette , Pellequer Jean-Luc , Ruigrok Rob W. H. , Schoehn Guy , Ballandras-Colas Allison , Crépin Thibaut
Published: December 2023

Influenza virus genome encapsidation is essential for the formation of a helical viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex composed of nucleoproteins (NP), the trimeric polymerase, and the viral genome. Although low-resolution vRNP structures are available, it remains unclear how the viral RNA is encapsidated and how NPs assemble into the helical filament specific of influenza vRNPs. In this study, we established a biological tool, the RNP-like particles assembled from recombinant influenza A virus NP and synthetic RNA, and we present the first subnanometric cryo–electron microscopy structure of the helical NP-RNA complex (8.7 to 5.3 Å). The helical RNP-like structure reveals a parallel double-stranded conformation, allowing the visualization of NP-NP and NP-RNA interactions. The RNA, located at the interface of neighboring NP protomers, interacts with conserved residues previously described as essential for the NP-RNA interaction. The NP undergoes conformational changes to enable RNA binding and helix formation. Together, our findings provide relevant insights for understanding the mechanism for influenza genome encapsidation.
Arcanobacterium canis
strain DSM 25104 isolated from an English bulldog suffering from otitis externa: complete genome sequence
Authors: Borowiak Maria , Kreitlow Antonia , Malorny Burkhard , Lämmler Christoph , Prenger-Berninghoff Ellen , Plötz Madeleine , Abdulmawjood Amir
Published: December 2023

Many species of the genus
Arcanobacterium
are known as opportunistic pathogens and have been isolated in association with infectious diseases in humans and animals. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of another opportunistic pathogenic representative, namely
Arcanobacterium canis
, isolated from the otitis externa of an English bulldog.
Complete genome sequences of
Bifidobacterium faecale
strain JCM19861
T
, isolated from human feces
Authors: Okuhama Shinnosuke , Takahashi Hidenori , Nakayama Yasunori , Ogata Yusuke , Suda Wataru
Published: December 2023

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the
Bifidobacterium faecale
strain JCM 19861
T
(= CU 3-7
T
= KACC 17904
T
), isolated from infant feces by Jung-Hye Choi’s group in 2014. The
B. faecale
JCM 19861
T
genome comprised a circular chromosome of 2,213,206 bp, with a G + C content of 59.0%.
Genome sequences of 31 mycobacteriophages isolated on
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155 at room temperature
Authors: Anders Kirk R. , Abeyta Antonio , Andrade Christy C. , Bonilla Carla Y. , Braley Amanda B. , Bratt Alexandra G. , Duncan Kaya A. , Hayes Stephen G. , Robinson Ciara J. , Smith-Flores Helen , Ettinger Ann-Scott H. , Ettinger William F. , Fay Marta M. , Haydock Joseph , McKenzie Sean K. , Garlena Rebecca A. , Russell Daniel A. , Poxleitner Marianne K.
Published: December 2023

We report the genome sequences of 31 mycobacteriophages isolated on
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155 at room temperature. The genomes add to the diversity of Clusters A, B, C, G, and K. Collectively, the genomes include 70 novel protein-coding genes that have no close relatives among the actinobacteriophages.
A soil fumigant increases American ginseng (
Panax quinquefolius
L.) survival and growth under continuous cropping by affecting soil microbiome assembly: a 4-year
in situ
field experiment
Authors: Peng Na , Bi Yanmeng , Jiao Xiaolin , Zhang Ximei , Li Junfei , Wang Yi , Yang Shanshan , Liu Ziqi , Gao Weiwei
Published: December 2023

The replant problem is a widespread challenge in agricultural production and results in significant financial losses. The survival and development of American ginseng (
Panax quinquefolius
L.), a well-known perennial medicinal plant, also typically suffer from replant problems. At present, efficient strategies for this issue and the underlying mechanisms are still lacking. Here, a series of
in situ
field experiments over a 4-year period were conducted to investigate the effectiveness and possible mechanisms of soil fumigation and fungicide in improving American ginseng survival under continuous cropping. During the 4-year ginseng cultivation, the seedling emergence rates in the dazomet fumigation-treated group (DF) decreased from 90.67% to 52.92%, from 78.67% to 0% in the lime sulfur fungicide-treated group (LS), and from 66.67% to 0% in the control. The fresh root weight in DF increased from 0.36 to 28.72 g, from 0.32 to 13.74 g in LS, and from 0.42 to 9.06 g in the control for the first 2 years. However, no ginseng survived during the following 2 years. Moreover, DF significantly decreased root rot disease incidence by 55.55% compared to LS-treated soil and 69.39% compared to non-treated soil. The correlation analysis results showed that both diversity and structure indices of bacteria and fungi were significantly correlated with root biomass and disease incidence in the second year. In summary, DF has presented a significant beneficial effect on American ginseng development. Additionally, the second year is the critical period to shape the soil microbial community, which could have a long-lasting effect on the development of American ginseng.

IMPORTANCE

Numerous reports of soil fumigants and fungicides on annual crops exist; however, it is unclear whether the single application to perennial plants persistently improves plant growth and controls disease or whether it has a long-lasting impact on soil microbes. We found that soil fumigation enhances ginseng growth and suppresses root rot disease by reshaping the soil microbial community. Our findings benefit the agricultural development of ginseng and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of ginseng diseases.
Associations of eHealth literacy and knowledge with preventive behaviours and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based online survey
Authors: Lee Jung Jae , Poon Chung Yan , O'Connor Siobhan , Wong Janet Yuen Ha , Kwok Jojo Yan Yan , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Tsang Wing Nga , Wang Man Ping
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To compare the associations of COVID-19 preventive behaviours and depressive and anxiety symptoms with eHealth literacy and COVID-19 knowledge among Korean adults.

Design

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in April 2020.

Setting

Seoul metropolitan area in South Korea.

Participants

1057 Korean adults were recruited.

Main outcome measures

Associations between eHealth literacy, COVID-19 knowledge, COVID-19 preventive behaviours and psychological distress were computed using Pearson’s correlation and logistic regression analyses. eHealth literacy, COVID-19 knowledge, COVID-19 preventive behaviours and psychological distress were weighted by sex and age distribution of the general population in Seoul Metropolitan area.

Results

68.40% (n=723) perceived high eHealth literacy level (eHEALS ≥26), while 57.43% (n=605) had high levels of COVID-19 knowledge (score ≥25). No significant association between eHealth literacy and COVID-19 knowledge was identified (r=0.05, p=0.09). eHealth literacy and COVID-19 knowledge were significantly associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviours (aOR=1.99, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.62 L; aOR=1.81, 95% CI 1.40 to 2.34, respectively). High eHealth literacy was significantly associated with anxiety symptom (aOR=1.71, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.47) and depressive symptom (aOR=1.69, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.30). COVID-19 knowledge had negative and no associations with the symptoms (aOR=0.62, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.86; aOR=0.79, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.03, respectively). High eHealth literacy with low COVID-19 knowledge was positively and significantly associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviours (aOR=2.30, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.43), and anxiety (aOR=1.81, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.01) and depressive symptoms (aOR=2.24, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.55). High eHealth literacy with high COVID-19 knowledge were significantly associated with more preventive behaviours (aOR=3.66, 95% CI 2.47 to 5.42) but no significant associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

We identified that eHealth literacy and COVID-19 knowledge were not associated each other, and differently associated with individuals’ COVID-19 preventive behaviours and psychological well-being. Public health strategies should pay attention to enhancing both eHealth literacy and COVID-19 knowledge levels in the public to maximise their COVID-19 preventive behaviours and mitigate their psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic.
Dynamic ambulance relocation: a scoping review
Authors: Becker Julia , Kurland Lisa , Höglund Erik , Hugelius Karin
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Dynamic ambulance relocation means that the operators at a dispatch centre place an ambulance in a temporary location, with the goal of optimising coverage and response times in future medical emergencies. This study aimed to scope the current research on dynamic ambulance relocation.

Design

A scoping review was conducted using a structured search in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. In total, 21 papers were included.

Results

Most papers described research with experimental designs involving the use of mathematical models to calculate the optimal use and temporary relocations of ambulances. The models relied on several variables, including distances, locations of hospitals, demographic-geological data, estimation of new emergencies, emergency medical services (EMSs) working hours and other data. Some studies used historic ambulance dispatching data to develop models. Only one study reported a prospective, real-time evaluation of the models and the development of technical systems. No study reported on either positive or negative patient outcomes or real-life chain effects from the dynamic relocation of ambulances.

Conclusions

Current knowledge on dynamic relocation of ambulances is dominated by mathematical and technical support data that have calculated optimal locations of ambulance services based on response times and not patient outcomes. Conversely, knowledge of how patient outcomes and the working environment are affected by dynamic ambulance dispatching is lacking. This review has highlighted several gaps in the scientific coverage of the topic. The primary concern is the lack of studies reporting on patient outcomes, and the limited knowledge regarding several key factors, including the optimal use of ambulances in rural areas, turnaround times, domino effects and aspects of working environment for EMS personnel. Therefore, addressing these knowledge gaps is important in future studies.
Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to study effects of virtual reality intervention for adolescents with depression in a clinical setting in China: study protocol for a prospective, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Yu Kunqiang , Wang Lijun , Lv Shiqiao , Ye Xiaofang , Liu Linhui , Zheng Xiuxiu , Jin Ruomei , Zhou Dongsheng , Zhang Yan , Min Guoqing , Wu Shaochang
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Adolescent depression has been shown to be associated with many devastating psychosocial outcomes. However, there are many barriers that may prevent depressed individuals from receiving specialised treatment. Virtual reality (VR) technology has shown promise as one avenue for overcoming these challenges. This study first aims to evaluate the effectiveness of VR intervention on adolescent depression symptoms, and second, to determine the intervention’s underlying mechanism of effect using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Methods and analysis

This is a single-centre, prospective, randomised controlled clinical trial. Sixty-six eligible adolescents aged 12–18 years with a diagnosis of depression will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either the VR treatment group or the conventional treatment group. All patients for both groups will receive usual treatment during a 4-week intervention period. In addition, patients randomised to VR treatment group (n=33) will complete three 20 min VR sessions including attention, executive function and relaxation training per week. Moreover, 33 healthy adolescents will be recruited as the general population. Primary outcome (ie, depressive symptoms) and secondary outcomes (ie, anxiety symptoms, executive function, treatment emergent symptoms, haemoglobin changes measured by fNIRS) will be collected at preintervention, immediately postintervention and at 4 weeks follow-up. The data assessor and analyst will be blinded to group membership.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Lishui Second People’s Hospital. Written informed consent will be obtained for all participants. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national or international conference presentations, media outlets, the internet and various community activities.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2300067747.
Point-of-care haemoglobin accuracy and transfusion outcomes in non-cardiac surgery at a Canadian tertiary academic hospital: protocol for the PREMISE observational study
Authors: Brousseau Karine , Monette Leah , McIsaac Daniel I , Workneh Aklile , Tinmouth Alan , Shaw Julie , Ramsay Tim , Mallick Ranjeeta , Presseau Justin , Wherrett Christopher , Carrier François Martin , Fergusson Dean A , Martel Guillaume
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Transfusions in surgery can be life-saving interventions, but inappropriate transfusions may lack clinical benefit and cause harm. Transfusion decision-making in surgery is complex and frequently informed by haemoglobin (Hgb) measurement in the operating room. Point-of-care testing for haemoglobin (POCT-Hgb) is increasingly relied on given its simplicity and rapid provision of results. POCT-Hgb devices lack adequate validation in the operative setting, particularly for Hgb values within the transfusion zone (60–100 g/L). This study aims to examine the accuracy of intraoperative POCT-Hgb instruments in non-cardiac surgery, and the association between POCT-Hgb measurements and transfusion decision-making.

Methods and analysis

PREMISE is an observational prospective method comparison study. Enrolment will occur when adult patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery require POCT-Hgb, as determined by the treating team. Three concurrent POCT-Hgb results, considered as index tests, will be compared with a laboratory analysis of Hgb (lab-Hgb), considered the gold standard. Participants may have multiple POCT-Hgb measurements during surgery. The primary outcome is the difference in individual Hgb measurements between POCT-Hgb and lab-Hgb, primarily among measurements that are within the transfusion zone. Secondary outcomes include POCT-Hgb accuracy within the entire cohort, postoperative morbidity, mortality and transfusion rates. The sample size is 1750 POCT-Hgb measurements to obtain a minimum of 652 Hgb measurements <100 g/L, based on an estimated incidence of 38%. The sample size was calculated to fit a logistic regression model to predict instances when POCT-Hgb are inaccurate, using 4 g/L as an acceptable margin of error.

Ethics and dissemination

Institutional ethics approval has been obtained by the Ottawa Health Science Network—Research Ethics Board prior to initiating the study. Findings from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant scientific conferences. Social media will be leveraged to further disseminate the study results and engage with clinicians.