bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging the NSSP R Studio Server to Automate QA Monitoring and Reporting
Authors: Rock Peter J , Singleton Michael D
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this project was to develop a nimble system to both monitor and report on the quality of Kentucky emergency department syndromic surveillance (SyS) data at system-wide and facility levels.Introduction: In 2016, the CDC funded 12 states, under the Enhanced State Opioid Overdose Surveillance (ESOOS) program, to utilize SyS to increase timeliness of state data on drug overdose events. In order to operationalize the objectives of the grant, there was a need to assess and monitor the quality of Kentucky’s SyS data, with limited resources. We leveraged the NSSP’s R Studio Server to automate quality assurance (QA) monitoring and reporting to meet these objectives.Methods: Using the R Server, we pulled data from the process messages table, aggregating messages to single patient encounters. In addition to compiling the code on a powerful remote server, the server can access the process table messages relatively quickly. We developed an R Markdown report to produce a report that includes a variety of system- and facility-level metrics that highlight key indicators of system performance and data flows. By using R, we were able to create an auto-generating QA report that runs weekly and e-mails for analyst review. Quality metrics included: % completeness of chief complaint and discharge diagnosis codes (overall and by facility)[Fig 1 & Fig 2]; visit trend by day of visit (with interactive spark lines)[Fig 2]; maximum date of message created, date message arrived at NSSP server, date of visit, and total messages[Fig 3]; message arrived trend (interactive sparklines)[Fig 3]; volume and type of error messages failing to process[Fig 4]; message volume by ADT type[Fig 5]; and volume of patient class by type by day[not shown]. Our SyS analyst reviews the report and delivers it to stakeholders with general comments about ongoing and newly emerging data quality concerns.Results: The report has proven to be beneficial in ongoing QA monitoring. The report is shared weekly with key stakeholders at the Kentucky Department for Public Health, Kentucky Health Information Exchange, NSSP, and regional ESSENCE users. Findings are reviewed at monthly SyS stakeholder meetings. The report has identified numerous errors, dead feeds, and other systems changes in near real-time; leading to corrective action and general data quality enhancement. Weekly monitoring of QA has improved data feed stability and communication of identified issue with key stakeholders.Conclusions: The R Studio Server provides a nimble platform to develop, refine, and automate a QA reporting system that can lead to improved SyS data quality. In Kentucky, in addition to improving overall data quality, these weekly reports and subsequent communication have help built relationships among key stakeholders and elevated the importance of syndromic surveillance data locally. Continual monitoring of data is critical to ensure quality and therefor the validity of the data.
How do we present messy syndromic surveillance data to public health’s partners?
Authors: Atrubin David , Ergas R , Kite-Powell A
Published: October 2019

Objective: To discuss data disclaimers and caveats that are fundamental to sharing syndromic surveillance (SyS) dataIntroduction: With increasing awareness of SyS systems, there has been a concurrent increase in demand for data from these systems – both from researchers and from the media. The opioid epidemic occurring in the United States has forced the SyS community to determine the best way to present these data in a way that makes sense while acknowledging the incompleteness and variability in how the data are collected at the hospital level and queried at the user level. While significant time and effort are spent discussing optimal queries, responsible presentation of the data - including data disclaimers - is rarely discussed within the SyS community.Description: This roundtable will provide a forum for national, state, and local users of syndromic surveillance systems to discuss these SyS data disclaimers. Over the last few months, an informal working group has crafted data disclaimer language. Members of this working group will facilitate the discussion and present their template for comment and discussion. Other members of the SyS will be encouraged to share their jurisdiction-specific data disclaimer language. The focus of this roundtable will be on effective communication of emergency department SyS data.How the Moderator Intends to Engage the Audience in Discussions on the Topic: This roundtable is well suited to audience participation as all jurisdictions are faced with how to communicate SyS data. Jurisdictions will likely have varying degrees of experience with disclaimers of this sort, so opportunities for sharing of work will be useful to the broader SyS community.Sample Questions:Does your jurisdiction have standardized language that accompanies your SyS data?How does the SyS community best share data that is often incomplete and subject to inter-hospital variability?What kinds of reporting would the SyS community like to come from the NSSP?
Epizootic Monitoring of Erysipeloid Foci in the Republic of Armenia, 2007-2016
Authors: Mkrtchyan Laura , Ghazazyan Armine , Danielyan Ruben
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to characterize the epidmiological, geographic, and historical characteristics of erysipeloid outbreaks in the Republic of Armenia.IntroductionErysipeloid is a zoonotic bacterial infection transmitted to humans from animals. Symptoms include inflamed joints and skin; there is also a generalized type of the infection in which bacteria spread through the lymphatic and blood vessels, leading to the emergence of widespread skin lesions and the formation of secondary foci of infection in internal organs. Morbidity has no age or gender specifics; there is summer and autumn seasonality. The agent of the infection - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae can be found in many domestic and wild animals. Wild rodents and ectoparasites play an essential role in spreading the disease and serve as a source of infection contaminating the environment.MethodsTests are conducted on both national and Marz levels in Reference Laboratory Center of NCDC SNCO and Marz branch laboratories of Especially Dangerous, Zoonotic and Natural Foci Infections respectively. Tests for detection of E. rhusiopathiae and confirmation of epizootics are conducted on rodents and ectoparasites collected from their hair and nests from 373 sectors of Armenia. Tests include smear microscopy and a bioassay in which cultures from a suspension of rodent organs or an emulsion of ticks and fleas are injected into white mice to assess the presence of agent in the organs or parasites.ResultsTen years of monitoring indicates that erysipeloid epizootics have been recorded annually in Armenia with a total number of 119 cases. The most outbreaks were recorded in 2011 when 26 cases were recorded while in 2009 there were 20. The lowest number of cases recorded was five in 2008. Kotayk, Aragatsotn and Lori Marzes have the least number of cases with only 1-3 recorded epizootics, while Vayk, Gegharkunik and Shirak Marzes are considered active foci with 5-7 cases reported. Microbiological analyses indicates that 80% of cultures were isolated from field mice, 13.3% from gamasid ticks, 4.2% from fleas and 2.5% from ixodid ticks.ConclusionsThe presence of E. rhusiopathiae is stable in Armenia. It is found among rodents, where the epidemiological situation remains unfavorable. Constant regular tests/analyses are required to prevent human and animal infection. There is a need to enhance the area of test sites and apply most up-to-date methods of analysis i.e. ELISA, PCR so that the live bioassays in mice can be halted.
Evaluating the sensitivity of a passive diarrheal disease surveillance system during a post-drought
Authors: Nhlabatsi Nhlanhla , Lokotfwako Vusie , Khumalo Phinda , Shongwe-Gama Siphiwe M. , Dlamini Maria , Simelane Zanela , Maphosa Thulani , Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha Harriet
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the difference in sensitivity between passive and active diarrheal and malnutrition disease surveillance system post-drought period in SwazilandIntroductionOver the past decade Swaziland has experienced recurring drought episodes. In 2016 the country experienced challenges regarding water supplies in both urban and rural areas due to the drought impact. A rapid health and Nutrition Assessment was conducted in 2016 revealed an increase in number of cases of acute watery diarrhea of all age groups. While there is a high demand for epidemiological data in the country a passive system through Health Management Information System (HMIS) and Immediate Disease Notification System (IDNS) has been used to monitor acute watery diarrhea and a set of priority notifiable diseases in the country.MethodsAn active sentinel surveillance system was set up in four regional hospitals for monitoring of all diarrheal cases of the under-fives. A data abstraction form was developed and used to extract data from outpatient registers and inpatient mainly from the children’s ward over a period of 15 weeks. Two surveillance officers trained on Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) collected and analyzed on weekly basis and further compared with data from a passive surveillance system that included the HMIS and IDNS.ResultsWhile acute gastroenteritis was the most prevalent type of diarrheal disease (93%), about 35.5% (1788 in active surveillance vs 1147 passive surveillance) of the cases of diarrheal cases are being underreported in the passive surveillance. Similar observation was made on malnutrition with more than 51% of the cases not reported in passive surveillance (186 cases vs 91 cases).ConclusionsThe process exposed gaps in data collected for passive surveillance and also differing data standards indicating inconsistency and under reporting which may be misleading for public health purposes. Low sensitivity in terms missing cases within the passive surveillance was observed when comparing within the active surveillance sentinel sites. It was also noted that having multiple data sources poses challenges in the country as they provide varying diseases trends and burden estimate.References1. WHO. Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response
The Myths and Truths About Comparing Syndromic Data Across Sites
Authors: Coletta Michael , Kite-Powell Aaron
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveAs the BioSense Platform matures and more sites submit surveillance data, many in the community have voiced concerns about comparing data across sites. Recently, a number of jurisdictions from across the country were asked to provide opioid overdose data to a news agency highlighting the epidemic. Many jurisdictions requested information on how to present syndromic surveillance data from across sites and shared concern about how the data would be interpreted. This round table will address those concerns and explore options for comparing data across sites.IntroductionOne of the more recent successes of NSSP has been the introduction of more robust data quality monitoring and reporting. However, despite the increased insight into data quality, there are still concerns about data sharing and comparisons across sites. For NSSP to be most effective, users need to feel confident in sharing data and making comparisons across sites.DescriptionThis round table session will focus on determining where the real issues are, where the myths are, and how to overcome these challenges. Topics will include data quality issues that will affect comparisons, methods for comparing data across sites, and best practices for sharing data across sites and dealing with interpretation concerns.How the Moderator Intends to Engage the Audience in Discussions on the TopicThe moderator will provide two or three real world examples of comparisons across sites and/or HHS regions. The following questions will guide the discussion:- What are the pros of not comparing data across sites?- What are the cons of not comparing data across sites?- What are the best practices for users to consider when attempting to compare across sites – are there criteria when comparisons should not be allowed?- What development items are suggested to the system to allow the user to better evaluate comparing data across regions?- Even with the potential issues when comparing across sites, are there accepted practices that could help describe the data and/or limitations until some of the issues are better addressed?
Thesis Challenges for Arab PhD Candidates in English Medium of Instruction Context
Authors: Aboud Farida , Alafeshat Rawan , Shamsi Ahmad Fawzi
Published: October 2019

The current study aimed to explore challenges faced by Arab doctoral students during their PhD program in an English Medium of Instruction (EMI) context. Besides, it intended to highlight the appropriate solutions provided by respondents to solve these challenges. Six Arab doctoral students (3 males and 3 females) were selected from different departments and Arab countries to participate in the study. The authors used semi-structured interviews as a qualitative method for obtaining specific responses by respondents. Later, the data were analyzed based on the content analysis technique. The findings showed different challenges facing Arab candidates during their program, specifically lacking experience in research methods, academic English, and publication. On the bases of the revealed results, the study provided implications, limitations, and future directions.
Incorporación permanente de las herramientas tecnológicas al desarrollo de las clases de matemáticas.
Authors: Romero Díaz Tonys
Published: October 2019

El artículo presenta una propuesta para enseñar matemáticas, la misma plantea la necesidad de incorporar el uso de las TIC (Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación) en el desarrollo de los contenidos de esta asignatura. A pesar de que algunos docentes aún realizan prácticas únicamente con lápiz y papel, se plantean argumentos sólidos por los cuales los maestros de matemáticas deben comenzar a utilizar estas herramientas tecnológicas en sus aulas de clases. En la propuesta se explican los posibles efectos que tendrá su implementación, donde el rendimiento final del estudiante, la motivación y la búsqueda del aprendizaje significativo son los principales elementos de las teorías educativas que mejor respaldan la propuesta. Finalmente se destaca que la propuesta es producto del aporte de muchos docentes del área de matemática de la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Chontales de la UNAN-MANAGUA, Nicaragua, quienes a lo largo de muchas observaciones e implementaciones de prácticas en sus clases han expresado muchos de los planteamientos que se discuten en el artículo.
Mathematics Teachers’ Early Lesson Study Experiences in Turkey: Challenges and Advantages
Authors: Bütün Mesut
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to reveal the challenges and advantages of the implementation of the lesson studymodel in Turkish middle schools. This study was a case study and the participants of the study was 11 middle schoolmathematics teachers in three different school in a city at central Anatolia region of Turkey. Three lesson studycycles were carried out at one month. The data were collected with field notes, focus group interviews and anopen-ended questionnaire. Data were analysed by using content analysis. Moreover, direct quotations from teachers’views were also included. Findings indicated that teachers had prejudice that the lesson study implementations wouldnot help their professional development. However, their prejudices were positively changed and they began to showinterest when they attended the implementations of lesson study. Implementation of the lesson study model enabledthe teachers to share experiences, to focus on students’ thinking / understanding, it also enabled teachers to be moreactive, to examine the curriculum and resources related to instructional materials in depth. On the other hand,challenges in the process of lesson study implementation were as follows: time problem, teachers' ego and fear ofbeing observed, adaptation of students in research lessons, differences between researcher and teachers’ views aboutmathematics teaching, the intensity of the curriculum and the pressure of the central exam.
Surgical treatment and reconstruction of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of mandible of aggressive behaviour
– case report and literature review
Authors: Piotrowska-Seweryn Agnieszka , Oleś Krzysztof , Grajek Maciej , Chekan Mykola , Maciejewski Adam , Lange Dariusz
Published: October 2019

Introduction
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign tumor-like lesion of a bone, mainly localized in mandible. It usually occurs in children and young adults under 30 y.o., predominantly in females. The etiology of the disease remains unknown. Clinically, two different types of CGCG have been distinguished – an unaggressive one, in which the granuloma grows slowly, often asymptomatically, and aggressive type which is characteristic for increased bone destruction, severe pain, large size, rapid growth, high recurrence rate and complications such as root resorption, tooth displacement or cortical bone perforation.
The treatment of CGCG depends on its type. In cases of granulomas of aggressive behaviour the following therapeutic procedures have been proposed: intralesial corticosteroid injections, interferon and calcitonin therapy as well as immunotherapy with anti-bone resorptive human monoclonal antibody like denosumab. However, in most cases nonsurgical management remains insufficient. Also, local curettage of the lesion results in high risk of recurrence. Therefore, radical surgical resection, commonly combined with bone reconstruction, is the most recommended way of treatment for aggressive of CGCG.
Case report
The authors present a case of a 31-year-old female patient treated at the Department of Oncological and Reconstructive Surgery, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology in Gliwice due to central giant cell granuloma of a mandible. The resection of CGCG localized in mandible on the right side together with fibular free flap reconstruction has been performed, with satisfactory aesthetic effect. Positive staining for CD68 and CD31 was found in immunohistochemic examination and expression of Ki67 marker was 13%. No complications were reported in the postoperative period. The six-month follow up revealed no recurrences.
Conclusions
The authors claim that radical surgical management should be performed in all patients with CGCG of aggressive behaviour. Fibular free flap is recommended for reconstruction in large bone defects. It results in tumor-free margins at the resection and satisfactory cosmetic outcome. Quality of life and facial appearance can be improved with dental implantation after certain disease-free period. A regular follow-up is essential as an element of holistic oncological process.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the maxillary sinus with asymptomatic course excised during endoscopic surgery - a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Poślednik Krzysztof , Anurin Igor , Kantor Ireneusz
Published: October 2019

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare condition that can mimic potentially more dangerous states such as malignant tumors. The tumor itself can also show a local malignancy as well as malignant transformation. The paranasal sinus IMT is quite a rare case in the literature. The manifestation of the disease can include a face swelling, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, vision acuity worsening, numbness of face, pain. Etiology of this type of lesion still remains uncertain but there are a few assumptions on the issue: viral and genetic among the others, as well as posttraumatic and postinflammatory. We report the case of an adult woman with IMT detected in right maxillary sinus after endoscopic sinus surgery.
Przeciętny konsument jako kryterium odróżniania towarów i usług przy stawce podatku VAT – krytyczna analiza krajowego orzecznictwa (cz. 1)
Authors: Trzebiatowski Marcin
Published: October 2019

Do wypowiedzi na tytułowy temat inspirują informacje o najnowszych wyrokach krajowych sądów administracyjnych w sporach, w których konsument – rozpatrywany przez pryzmat dotyczącego go wzorca, a więc modelu tzw. przeciętnego konsumenta – stanowi kryterium decydujące, a przynajmniej podstawowe przy ocenie podobieństwa towarów lub usług. Chodzi zarazem o podobieństwo mające znaczenie, a tym samym też badane w odnośnych sporach urzędowych i sądowych, w różnych aspektach działalności gospodarczej, w tym szczególnie w stosunkach konkurencyjnych, przy uzyskiwaniu i korzystaniu z praw wyłącznych do oznaczeń odróżniających, a także przy klasyfikowaniu towarów lub usług pod względem opodatkowania, zwłaszcza głównym podatkiem w tym względzie. I właśnie w zakresie ostatniego z wymienionych aspektów pojawiają się od pewnego czasu rozstrzygnięcia wyraźnie odstające od dotychczasowego ustalenia wymienionego wyżej modelu w kontekście odróżnialności towarów i usług, jakie wynika z praktyki sądów UE, a także ze zgodnej z nią linii orzeczniczej sądów polskich, w tym sądów powszechnych. Pojawia się zatem pytanie o trwałość tego dotychczas wypracowanego stanowiska oraz o wpływ wspomnianej odmiennej judykatury sądów administracyjnych na rozpatrywanie spraw prowadzonych przez instytucje ochrony praw konsumenta.
DEPOSITIONAL MODELS FOR JURASSIC REEFAL BUILDUPS
Authors: CREVELLO PAUL D. , HARRIS PAUL M.
Published: October 2019

Studies of Jurassic carbonate reefal buildups from the surface and subsurface of the United States Gulf Coast (including the Smackover Formation), the eastern North American Margin, and the Tethyan reef belt of Europe and northwest Africa show that buildup development occurred in three depositional settings: (1) deep, quiet water below wave base; (2) gently sloping platforms (ramps) subjected to wave agitation; and (3) margins of steeply rimmed, wave-swept platforms. A classification developed for the buildups from these various depositional settings emphasizes the major reef-framebuilding assemblages which, if combined with studies of buildup-related facies, provide a basis for interpretation of depositional setting and paleoenvironmental reconstruction.

Buildups that developed in deep, quiet-water settings below wave base were constructed primarily by siliceous sponges and thrombolite/stromatolite algal (?) structures. Accessory reef-dwelling biotic communities and related lithofacies assemblages indicate that these sponge-algal buildups grew in normal marine waters either on gently sloping platforms, in settings downslope from platform margins, or on basin floor highs.

Buildups that developed on wave-agitated, gently sloping platforms show the greatest range in framebuilding assemblages and are the most common types in the subsurface Smackover Formation. In lower-energy settings, which could range in water depth depending on wave energy, these buildups were constructed by siliceous and calcareous sponges, chaetitids, corals, stromatolites/thrombolites, and calcareous algae. Such buildups apparently represent an intermediate assemblage between the sponge-algal deep-water mounds and the coral-dominated patch-reef mounds developed in more energetic platform settings. The coral-dominated patch reefs contain abundant calcareous biota such as skeletal algae, calcareous sponges, and stromatoporoids. Commonly, reworking of the reef core by waves produced piles of skeletal debris. In regions where salinities and temperatures of marine waters covering the platforms diverged from normal oceanic conditions, biotic-community assemblages were reduced, resulting in stromatolite algal (?) buildups.

Buildups replete with coral, stromatoporoid, calcareous sponge, and skeletal algae framebuilders developed on steepened platform margins facing open oceans. Stromatoporoid assemblages enabled these buildups to be differentiated into back-reef patch reefs and platform-margin reefs.
Miocene Oil Source Beds in the East Breaks Basin, Flex-Trend, Offshore, Texas
Authors: Dow Wallace G. , Yukler M. Arif , Senftle Joseph T. , Kennicuttii M. C. , Armentrout John M.
Published: October 2019

Crude oils in Pliocene reservoirs at East Breaks 160/161 field, offshore Texas are partially biodegraded and have compositions typical of continental shelf oils and are unlike most Flex-Trend oils. Geochemical data on samples from a deep well clearly define the presence of oil-generating kerogen which can easily be overlooked by conventional analytical techniques. A model is offered for the deposition of even better quality oil source beds during the Middle Miocene and Early Pliocene transgressive cycles. Hydrogen-rich, marine organic matter is deposited under anoxic conditions on the upper continental slope. Turbidites carried this material to accumulation sites in oxic middle and lower slope basins where rapid sedimentation prevented consumption by benthonic scavengers. Slower sedimentation in interbasin areas, on basin flanks, and on continental rises permitted biodegradation of hydrogen-rich kerogen. Turbidites deposited during regressive cycles contain only low yield, oxidized organic matter.

A basin model of a deep well in the field shows that peak oil generation occurs within the Middle Miocene section at depths between about 13 and 15 thousand feet and began only 200,000 years ago. The model indicates that Middle Miocene source beds in the East Breaks intraslope basin depocenter are actively generating and expelling oil and gas at the present time. The heating rate is very high due to rapid burial, convection along growth faults, and proximity to salt. Oil generation and expulsion are, therefore, highly efficient and take place at relatively low maturity levels (0.5 to 0.7 Ro).

East Breaks 160/161 field is believed to be a closed petroleum system and contains all of the elements necessary for the generation, migration, and accumulation of oil and gas. Effective Middle Miocene oil source beds are connected to sealed Pliocene and Pleistocene reservoirs by an active growth fault system. Underlying salt appears to isolate the system from possible Early Tertiary and Mesozoic oil source beds. Because the East Breaks oils are correlative with other continental shelf oils, a similar source for all is implied. Structural style controls the distribution of Gulf Coast Late Tertiary oil by providing source bed and reservoir depositional sites as well as vertical migration pathways. When integrated with geology and geophysics, geochemistry can help lower finding costs by identifying prospects with all of the elements necessary for petroleum occurrence.
Thermal Hydrocarbons in Gulf Coast Sediments
Authors: Faber E. , Stahl W.J. , Whiticar M.J. , Lietz J. , Brooks J.M.
Published: October 2019

The sources of sorbed and free light hydrocarbon gases (methane through propane) in shallow sediment samples from seven locations in the Gulf of Mexico are characterized by the concentration and molecular composition of the gases, in conjunction with their stable carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios. The free gases in the sediment interstices have a bacterial source (δ13C1 = -87 ‰ to -108 ‰; δD1 = ca. -190 ‰), in contrast to the sorbed gases in the sediment which have thermogenic signatures (δ13C1 = -46 ‰ to -37 ‰; δD1 = ca. -210 ‰). Secondary alteration effects, such as bacterial oxidation and desorption fractionation, are observed in the free gases, but not in the sorbed gases. The maturity level of the source rocks, estimated from the isotope ratios of the thermogenic gases, ranges between 0.5 and 1.9% vitrinite reflectance and agree with maturity calculated by the Lopatin/Waples modelling of this Gulf region. The isotopic ratios of the surface gases are also in the range of the carbon isotope values of natural gases measured from this region of the Gulf of Mexico.
Late Pleistocene Sequence Stratigraphy of The Texas Continental Shelf: Relationship to ∂18O Curves
Authors: Thomas Mark A. , Anderson John B.
Published: October 2019

Integration of recently acquired Uniboom profiles with an existing regional sparker profile refines the definition of seismic sequences on the Texas shelf. The distribution of seismic sequences generally matches the shape of globally averaged ∂18O curves, which suggests eustasy is the primary control on sequence development. Seismic profiles of the Trinity/Sabine incised valley demonstrate that fluvial terraces are coeval with coastal sequences, i.e., they occur within the same unconformity bounded unit.
THE CONTINENT-OCEAN BOUNDARY IN THE GULF OF MEXICO AND THE RED SEA AS AN ANALOG FOR EARLY GULF HISTORY: SALT BASINS UNDERLAIN BY OCEANIC CRUST
Authors: HALL DAVID J.
Published: October 2019

For the past twenty years, the Red Sea (RS) has been appealed to as a more or less direct analog for the opening and early history of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). New refraction, gravity/magnetic, and ever-improving seismic reflection data from the GOM, coupled with new field results and interpretations from the area surrounding the RS suggest the direct analog concept may be productively re-evaluated. There is now a general consensus that much of the Jurassic Louann salt was in fact precipitated in an enclosed evaporating basin overlying oceanic crust, although water depths were shelfal rather than bathyal. The apparent discrepancy is explained by rapid subsidence following the Sclater curve: young oceanic crust is isostatically buoyant and easily supports shallow water deposition. The RS follows the same pattern, with the edge of oceanic crust (continent-ocean boundary or COB) coincident with the landward edge of the thick (more than 3-4 km) salt basin. Current models for the COB in the GOM extend oceanic crust far north of the Sigsbee scarp to underlie the entire continental slope offshore Texas and Louisiana. This location solves several long-standing problems, including the “room” problem for the Yucatan block and the gross asymmetry in the widths of transitional crust in earlier models. Although simple shear models may still be appealed to, as in the RS, the scales of the two salt basins are brought much closer together, and the revised COB parallels the lower Cretaceous shelf edge in a much more satisfactory way. Room for interpretation differences still persists in the location of the rotation pole (or poles); both clockwise and counter-clockwise rotations are possible explanations for the revised COB shape, and the different rotation directions produce oceanic ridge and transform patterns at high angles to each other. More research will be needed to resolve these issues, but for the moment the building consensus on the general outlines of the COB is noteworthy and encouraging. A direct comparison of the current RS and the Jurassic GOM at about half its total width establishes the renewed plausibility of the analog concept.
SALT STRUCTURES AS INDICATORS OF SUBSALT RIFT BASIN FAULTS AND FAULT-CONTROLLED RESERVOIRS
Authors: MATHISEN MARK E.
Published: October 2019

Improvements in base-salt and subsalt seismic data quality have made it possible to recognize a spatial relationship between numerous salt structures, base-salt faults, and major subsalt rift basin reservoirs, and to develop geoseismic models for the prediction of subsalt fault-controlled rift basin reservoirs. The spatial relationship between salt structures and base-salt faults observed in many Europe and North American basins has led to the suggestion that faults and the resulting base-salt displacement, slope variations, thermal anomalies, paleotopography, and differential subsalt sediment compaction may contribute to a base-salt fault trigger mechanism which can control the initial location, trend, and morphology of salt structures.

Consideration of the spatial salt structure-base-salt fault association in combination with a plausible base-salt fault trigger mechanism suggests that a genetic relationship may exist between many base-salt faults and salt structures which can be used to develop predictive models of subsalt structure and fault-controlled reservoir distribution. Models of initial salt structure development based on seismic and well data from Europe and North America summarize the effect of both presalt and post-salt normal, strike slip, and transverse faults that displace the base-salt, as well as faults that cut into the overburden. Similarities between the various models are integrated into a generalized model which can be used to predict the location and type of subsalt faults, and extend the interpretation of subsalt faults to poor seismic data areas and new areas. Since subsalt rift basin faults may have also controlled synrift sedimentary and diagenetic facies distribution, the salt structure-base-salt fault model can also be used to identify areas with the best subsalt synrift-postrift reservoir potential.

Drilling results have confirmed subsalt fault and reservoir predictions based on the salt structure-base-salt fault model. Given the numerous rift systems overlain by evaporites with salt structures, the model should lead to the development of a relatively low risk-high potential subsalt reservoir prediction strategy that can be applied to other rift basins with good source potential that are sealed by salt.
SALT GEOMETRY AND KINEMATICS, TEXAS/LOUISIANA LOWER SLOPE, NORTHWEST GULF OF MEXICO BASIN
Authors: TAUVERS P.R.
Published: October 2019

The salt tectonics of the lower slope of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) in the Keathley Canyon and Walker Ridge protraction areas (Fig. 1) involves the interaction of allochthonous salt with its attendant cover, creating a range of map-scale geometries due to the kinematics of contraction, extension, and growth. Depth-converted structure mapping on a regional scale documents withdrawal basin morphology and trends formed during the evolution of major salt lobes in the mid to late Tertiary period. These observations aid exploration efforts in regions dominated by mobile salt in the GOM. The Sigsbee salt province serves as a data-rich analog for other salt provinces world-wide.
THE STRUCTURAL GEOMETRY AND EVOLUTION OF THE SALT-RELATED PERDIDO FOLD BELT, ALAMINOS CANYON, NORTHWESTERN DEEP GULF OF MEXICO
Authors: TRUDGILL BRUCE D. , ROWAN MARK G. , WEIMER PAUL , FIDUK J. CARL , GALE PETER E. , KORN BRYANT E. , PHAIR RONALD L. , GAFFORD WILLIAM T. , DISCHINGER JAMES B. , ROBERTS GENEVA R. , HENAGE LYLE F.
Published: October 2019

The Perdido fold belt, located in the northwest part of the Gulf of Mexico basin, is defined by a series of large-scale fold structures that extend southwest into Mexican waters and northeast beneath the Sigsbee salt nappe. Within the Alaminos Canyon OCS lease area, the fold belt consists of northeast-southwest trending, sub-parallel, concentric, box folds cut on one or both of their flanks by high-angle reverse faults. The folds are slightly asymmetric and verge both landward and basinward, a geometry typical of contractional fold belts formed above a weak detachment layer. The folds uplift the regional middle Cretaceous sequence boundary (MCSB) by up to 3 km, with a basinward decrease in height and amplitude of the folds.

Detailed structural mapping has led to a model for the structural evolution of the Perdido fold belt that is consistent with sequence stratigraphic analysis of the seismic data. Minor salt movement occurred during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, as indicated by onlapping and thickness variations within the relatively thin overlying section at that time. Salt mobilization before the main phase of shortening led to early growth of some fold structures during the Eocene-early Oligocene. The main phase of compressional deformation occurred during the late Oligocene-early Miocene by gravity sliding on a detachment within the Jurassic Louann Salt. The basinward limit of autochthonous salt deposition defined the southeastern margin of the foldbelt. Detailed analyses of onlapping middle to upper Miocene strata indicate that separate folds had different evolutionary histories and developed variable along-strike geometries. Subsequent Pliocene to present-day reactivation of the highest-relief structures further modified the fold geometries. Topographic relief over the highest folds has in turn influenced the evolution of the allochthonous Sigsbee salt nappe. The advancing salt nappe has been deflected around the highest fold structures, resulting in a complex allochthonous salt sheet geometry.

Previous studies of the Perdido fold belt have produced conflicting interpretations for the evolution of the fold geometries. These include salt or shale-cored interpretations and the development of the fold geometries by imbrication and fault-bend folding. Our interpretation favours an origin as salt-cored detachment folds, with late modification by re-mobilization of salt in the cores of the folds.
EPISODIC GROWTH OF SALT DIAPIRS DRIVEN BY HORIZONTAL SHORTENING
Authors: VENDEVILLE BRUNO C. , NILSEN KÅRE T.
Published: October 2019

We use natural examples and mechanical and geometric reasoning to demonstrate that lateral contraction can trigger episodic rise of previously extinct salt diapirs, even after their source layer has been depleted. Contraction preferentially shortens diapirs, forcing salt upward, rather than deforms the stronger, adjacent sediment overburden. Contraction may be induced by regional compression, tectonic inversion, or by downslope gravity gliding along basin margins during basement subsidence. Contraction often remains cryptic; emergent diapirs rejuvenated by contraction rise with the apparent geometry of passive diapirs, whereas rejuvenated buried diapirs rise with the apparent geometry of active diapirs. Structural clues that interpreters can use to elucidate whether diapir rise was driven by contraction include thick, deformed diapir roofs; pinched-off diapir stems; salt pedestals; diapir rise through flatlying sediment strata; and folds, thrusts, or wrench blocks along the strike or dip of the diapirs.
Combined Minipermeameter And Ground-Penetrating Radar Characterization Of Tonganoxie Valley-Fill Sandstones, Upper Pennsylvanian, Northeastern Kansas
Authors: Scottbeaty D. , Martinez Alex , Walton Anthony W.
Published: October 2019

Combining field description, in situ minipermeameter measurements, geostatistical analysis, and ground penetrating radar (GPR) analysis permits development of an interwell-scale 3D characterization of sandstone deposits. In the Tonganoxie Sandstone incised-valley-fill (IVF) system in the Pennsylvanian of eastern Kansas, outcrop analogs were examined in order to determine the types of macroforms that exist in the system, describe architectural elements and their orientation, and provide estimates of the variations in permeability values in these elements. In the Tonganoxie Sandstone, fluvial and fluvially-influenced, estuarine (FIE) sandstones are present that are potential reservoir analogs for numerous IVF oil and gas reservoirs in the Pennsylvanian of the midcontinent. Two outcrop sites were studied, one of fluvial sandstone and the other of FIE sandstone. The sites were analyzed in terms of their flow unit characteristics by combining geological descriptions utilizing architectural element analysis with geostatistical descriptions of their permeability structure. Conventional statistical analyses and semivariograms were used to determine the permeability structures and the horizontal continuity of permeability values within flow units identified at the sites. The results of the analysis of permeability measurements taken along the two exposures are discussed and the sites are compared in order to highlight differences in their permeability structures. In addition, the fluvial study site was investigated using a combination of information from outcrop description and three-dimensional GPR analysis. A grid of high-resolution GPR profiles showed the three-dimensional (3D) geometry of component elements in one of the flow units identified at the fluvial site and was used to establish the size, spatial continuity, and general transport directions for several of these elements. This study provides geological descriptions, geometric information, and geostatistical descriptions of macroform types that are thought to commonly occur in subsurface IVF reservoirs.
SEQUENCE ARCHITECTURE OF A TRIASSIC SEMI-ARID, FLUVIO-LACUSTRINE RESERVOIR, WYTCH FARM FIELD, SOUTHERN ENGLAND
Authors: MCKIE T. , AGGETT J. , HOGG A.J.C.
Published: October 2019

The Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group reservoir in the Wytch Farm Field is a c. 150m thick red bed succession deposited in a variety of fluvial, lacustrine and aeolian depositional systems within an actively extensional basin. These systems show at least three orders of facies cyclicity which are interpreted to be the depositional response to base level and climatic changes. The first-order evolutionary trend spans the entire Sherwood Sandstone Group and marks a change from perennial braidplain to ephemeral sheetflood systems to ephemeral lacustrine conditions, culminating in the deposition of playa mudrocks of the overlying Mercia Mudstone Group. The Mercia mudstone shows evidence of marine incursions (several hundred meters above the Sherwood). The first order trend reflects a long-term waning of sand supply across the Wytch Farm area and increasing ‘flashiness’ of the fluvial system coupled with a long term base level rise. The first order facies trend can be subdivided into second-order cycles within the Sherwood by four areally widespread, heavily rooted floodplain and ephemeral lacustrine deposits containing only minor fluvial sandstones. The floodplain and lacustrine deposits represent widespread reductions in sand flux combined with rising base level during more ‘humid’ climatic conditions. These horizons form the basis for the reservoir layering scheme because they are field-wide, have unique core and wireline log expressions and bound fluvial intervals of fundamentally different depositional character. Higher frequency third order cycles are defined by thin (<2m), but areally widespread floodplain and lacustrine horizons which are most readily identifiable in the upper half of the Sherwood section. The sandstones between these cycles are composed of aeolian and sheetflood deposits, but are eroded by coarse grained multistorey/multilateral channel deposits infilling incisional topography. The incisions are interpreted to be the result of fluvial erosion during dry climatic conditions when lake levels fell and the alluvial plain was devegetated. The interfluves to the incisions are locally marked by deep rhizocretionary calcrete precipitated around the roots of phreatophyte-like plants which attempted to reach the lowered water table. The infilling fluvial deposits form the principal producing intervals in the upper part of the reservoir. At outcrop, the stratigraphically equivalent Otter Sandstone Formation (c. 100km to the west) shows a comparable punctuated evolutionary pattern, albeit with a subtly different facies make-up. The recognition of a hierarchy of facies cycles within the reservoir permits high resolution correlation and the recognition of subtle, but important changes in sandbody geometry and connectivity within successive cycles.
INTEGRATED DESCRIPTION OF A COMPLEX LOW NET/GROSS SANDSTONE RESERVOIR: UPPER SUBZONES OF THE ENDICOTT FIELD, NORTH SLOPE OF ALASKA
Authors: REYNOLDS TONY , SHAW ANNE , WARREN ED
Published: October 2019

The reservoir description for the upper subzones of Endicott field has been radically revised by the integration of fluid and geological data. Dynamic fluid data - tracer and production data - were combined with static pressure data and sequence stratigraphy to build a flow-unit description of the reservoir. Detailed interpretation of core produced a revised sedimentological model of the reservoir in which sand is focused in incised valleys. The combined results have been used to identify unswept oil and locate a series of successful infill wells.
RP-HPLC and HPTLC Methods for Analysis of Selected Herbs Used as Complexion Promoters in Ayurveda and Unani Systems of Medicine
Authors: Sharma Akanksha , Katiyar Chandra Kant , Banerjee Subhadip , Chanda Joydeb , Kar Amit , Biswas Sayan , Mukherjee Pulok K
Published: October 2019

Background: In Ayurvedic and Unani texts, many herbs and formulations are mentioned as complexion promoters having skin brightening and whitening effects that downregulate melanin synthesis. However, with the assistance of chromatographic techniques, further validation of scientific standardization is required. Objective: To validate individual herbs and formulations in the ancient literature, some scientific aspects are to be focused on, including standardization of herbs or herbal products consisting of the active compounds. Methods: Out of many herbs having complexion promoting properties, three herbs (Myristica fragrans, Hemidesmus indicus, and Inula racemosa) were selected for the study. In the present study, validated reverse phase (RP)-HPLC and high-performance TLC (HPTLC) methods were developed for standardization of the herbs. Results: It was observed that the quercetin present in M. fragrans was 0.62% (w/w) with a retention time (Rt) of 6.23 min, the ferulic acid present in H. indicus was 1.39% (w/w) with an Rt of 8.083 min, and the chlorogenic acid present in I. racemosa was 1.03% (w/w) with an Rt of 3.19 min. The HPTLC method showed 1.23% (w/w) of quercetin present in M. fragrans with a retardation factor (Rf) of 0.48, ferulic acid in H. indicus was 1.52% (w/w) with an Rf of 0.44, and chlorogenic acid was 1.09% (w/w) in I. racemosa with an Rf of 0.52. Conclusions: This specific and precise validated method can be useful for the quality evaluation and quantitative determination of the constituents in complexion-promoting herbs from Ayurveda and Unani systems of medicine. Highlights: The exploration of complexion promoters from Ayurveda and Unani; quality evaluation of complexion promoters herbs from Ayurveda and Unani; HPTLC and RP-HPLC analysis of herbal extracts used and their validation.
Indústria extrativista e mobilidade do capital e do trabalho na Amazônia Legal maranhense
Authors: Oliveira Allison Bezerra , Silva Daniely Lima , Leal Maria da Conceição Mesquita
Published: October 2019

Discute-se neste artigo a dinâmica recente de mobilidade do capital e do trabalho na Amazônia Legal maranhense mediante a implantação da Suzano Papel e Celulose em Imperatriz. Considera-se dois grandes grupos para a mobilidade do trabalho: o migrante laboral temporário, pouco qualificado e destinado a atuar na construção da fábrica, e o migrante permanente, com maior nível de formação, destinado a atuar no funcionamento da fábrica. Foram produzidos mapas e gráficos conceituais, comparando os períodos anterior e posterior à implantação fabril, com dados coletados na Relação Anual de Informações Sociais do MTE (2018) e no Programa de Disseminação das Estatísticas do Trabalho do MTE (2018), ambos vinculados ao Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Os resultados sugerem que, como outrora, os grandes projetos extrativistas fincados no Maranhão tendem a atrair migrantes em busca de emprego e renda, contribuindo para que essa seja uma das características da formação socioeconômica do estado.Palavras-chave: Fluxos migratórios, mobilidade do capital, Amazônia Legal, Maranhão.Abstract This article discusses the recent dynamics of capital and labour mobility in the Legal Amazon of Maranhão through the implementation of Suzano Papel e Celulose in Imperatriz. Two large groups are considered for labour mobility: the temporary, low-skilled labour migrant and the permanent migrant, with a higher level of training, to work in the factory. Based on data collected in MTE's Annual Social Information Report (2018) and MTE's Labor Statistics Dissemination Program (2018), both maps were linked to the Ministry of Labor Statistics of Labor and Employment. The results suggest that, as in the past, the large extractive projects in Maranhão tend to attract migrants in search of jobs and income, contributing to this being one of the characteristics of the socioeconomic formation of the state.Keywords: Migration flows, Capital mobility, Legal Amazon, Maranhão.