bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dewfall Monitoring in Wetland Ecosystem
Authors: Xu Ying Ying , Yan Bai Xing , Zhu Hui
Published: December 2013

Dew is a crucial factor of water cycle in wetland ecosystem. This study aims to investigate the dewfall in Carex lasiocarpa marsh in the Sanjiang Plain. The experiment was carried out during the growing season from mid-May to mid-October in 2008 and 2009. Dew was monitored by woodsticks. Results indicated that dew intensity in 2008 was lower than it in 2009 obviously because of the much higher relative humidity in 2009. But annual dewfall was almost the same, which reached 8.76 mm and 8.38 mm in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The dew intensity reached the peak in August in both years. The Carex lasiocarpa marsh was the important site for the dew deposit.
Environmental Monitoring of Acetic Acid Gas by Thin Film Polyaniline Sensor
Authors: Yan Ying , Guo Yu Ping , Cai Lan Kun , Wu Qiong , Zhou Hao , Wu Lai Ming
Published: December 2013

The acetic acid gas, as a kind of organic pollutants, can cause severe damage to both people and materials, and has received much attention as a problem. In this paper, a QCM sensor coated with the polyaniline film was employed as a gas sensor to detect the content of the acetic acid gas. The polyaniline film was electrochemical polymerized in situ on the silver electrode surface of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor and employed as sensing film for detection of acetic acid gas. Responses of the QCM sensors coated with the polyaniline film to different concentrations of the acetic acid gas as a function of time was presented. And the frequency shifts of QCM showed a linear correlation of the concentration of acetic acid gas. The result of our experiment fully indicated that the QCM sensor with the polyaniline film appear to respond effectively and sensitively to the acetic acid gas within the range of experimental concentrations. Such sensor will have potential application in our living environment for real-time monitoring.
The Impact Analysis of Climate Change on the Wetland in Jianghan and Dongting Plain
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Xue Lei , Wang Xiao Yan , Jiang Liu Zhi , Zhang Ting , Yang Chao
Published: December 2013

The trend of climate change in Jianghan and Dongting Plain is obvious. The trend of climate change and its impact on the wetland were got through the unitary linear recursive analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. That the air temperature is becoming higher made the algal bloom happens earlier. The precipitation has a significant negative correlation with the exposed days of bottomland. Meanwhile, the exposed days of bottomland has a positive correlation with the air temperature. The trend of climate warming has impact on the distribution, migratory route and breed time. The biodiversity decreased in the Jianghan and Dongting Plain.
Simultaneous Determination of MTBE and BTEX in the Groundwater of Gas Station by Head-Space-GC
Authors: Xiao Han , Gao Xiang , Li Ming Zhe , Ma Ming , Zhang Long
Published: December 2013

The content of characteristic pollutants including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, p-xylene, m-xylene and o-xylene (BTEX) were determined by head-space-GC. A HP-FFAP capillary column was used in this method. In the mass concentration range of 14.8μg·L-1~1760μg·L-1, there were good linearity relationships between the GC peak areas and the mass concentrations of components with correlation coefficient above 0.999.The detection limits were in the rage of 2.0μg·L-1~2.3μg·L-1. Tests for recoveries and precision were made by standard addition method, values of recoveries and RSDs (n=6) found were in the range of 95%~105% and 0.8%~5.5%.
A Study on Release Law of Arsenic in Coal and Coal Gangue
Authors: Liu Zhi Bin , Su Hua Mei
Published: December 2013

The release characteristics of arsenic in coal and coal gangue was discussed in this paper. At firsrt, Coal and coal gangue were sampled in the study area, determination of the arsenic content and sulfur content in the coal. Then the occurrence of the arsenic was analyzed in coal by chemical extraction experiment , the characteristics of mineral distribution was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method in the coal sample. At last, the release law of arsenic in coal and coal gangue was analyzed by coal combustion experiment and leaching experiment. The results showed that, with the combustion temperature increasing during the coal combustion process, the release rate of arsenic in coal increase the arsenic content in coal residue ash decrease gradually. In different temperature combustion process, the arsenic content in coal residue ash almostly no change, however, the release of arsenic rate had a significant difference between them. The release of calcium carbonate mineral composition of arsenic in coal had inhibitory effect The influence of the pH value of leaching liquor on the leaching amount of arsenic in coal gangue is great, the higher the acidity of leaching liquor, the greater the precipitation amount of arsenic in coal gangue. The arsenic content precipitated from coal gangue is relatively large in the initial leaching, while the arsenic content decreased with the leaching amount increasing.
Study on Migration Law in Soil of Arsenic in Coal Gangue
Authors: Liu Zhi Bin , Wang Xin Yu
Published: December 2013

In order to investigate the possible pollution status in soils and underground water caused by arsenic in coal gangue, samples from Inner Mongolia mining area were collected and dynamic leaching experiments were conducted in laboratory to study the leaching level of arsenic and its migration in soils under different rainfall conditions. Results indicated that, concentration of arsenic in leachate is far below the third grade of National Environmental Quality Standards for groundwater; while concentrations of arsenic increased with the decreasing of pH of rainfalls. Concentrations of arsenic are in the descending trend with the increasing depths of soils after leaching; the changes of pH in leachate and soil are relevant to the initial pH value of leachate.
Multi-Component Seismic Wave Field Prestack Reverse-Time Depth Migration
Authors: Yang Jia Jia , He Bing Shou , Zhang Jian Zhong
Published: December 2013

Based on the elastic wave equation, high-order finite-difference schemes for reverse-time extrapolation in the space of staggered grid and the perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition for the equation are derived. Prestack reverse-time depth migration (RTM) of elastic wave equation using the excitation time imaging condition and normalized cross-correlation imaging condition is carried out. Numerical experiments show that reverse-time migration is not limited for the angle of incidence and dramatic changes in lateral velocity. The reverse-time migration results of normalized cross-correlation imaging condition give the better effect than that of excitation time imaging condition.
Geochemical Characteristics of Ore-Bearing Strata of Pb-Zn Deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Border Area in Southwest China
Authors: Jian Long , Jia Fu Ju , Dao Yan
Published: December 2013

The Pb-Zn deposits (or points) with different ages of ore-bearing strata are counted in in the paper. Through discussing the lithology and elemental geochemistry in ore-bearing strata to explain the lead element and zinc element relate to strata and lithology, the author suggested the lead-zinc deposit mainly were exposed in specific stratum, considering the deposits was obviously was controlled by stratum and was greatly influenced by lithology. For this reason, combining with the comparative study of element abundances in rock, it has maily demonstrated the relevance of ore-forming elements.
Accumulation Factors Analysis of Coal-Bearing Strata Shale Gas in Qinshui Basin
Authors: Yuan Jun , Wang Yan Bin , Zhang Xin , Fan Jing Jing , Xue Pei
Published: December 2013

The Shanxi and Taiyuan formations in Permo-Carboniferous of upper Paleozoic Erathem of Qinshui Basin, not only has abundant coal and CBM resources, also has a lot of shales. By analyzing the shale thickness, organic matter type, organic matter abundance, vitrinite reflectance, mineral composition of the Permo-Carboniferous coal-bearing strata, considered that the shale thickness of coal-bearing strata in the Qinshui Basin is larger, the organic matter abundance is general, but maturity is high and full of rich brittle mineral. It is in favor of late fracturing.
The Detailed Study for Barrier and Interlayer of Low Permeability Reservoirs in Sha-4 Formation of W81 Block, Dongpu Sag
Authors: Xu Shuo , An Fang Zhou , Zhang Peng Hui
Published: December 2013

W81 Block is located in the northern end of central uplift in Dongpu Sag and is a deep part of the Weicheng Oilfield structure. By detailed core observation and analysis of logging data characteristics, we can identify two main types of barrier and interlayer in Sha-4 Formation, including muddy barrier and interlayer and gray interlayer. This article describes the distribution characteristics of the barrier and interlayer from three aspects: plane, crosswell profile and well group distribution. The corresponding three-dimensional distribution model of the barrier and interlayer based on structural model has been constructed, which reflects the distribution rule across the barrier and interlayer and help to guide internal dig potential development of the low permeability oilfield.
Application of Multi-Seismic Attributes Analysis in Prospective Oil and Gas Area Evaluation
Authors: Li Xu Tao
Published: December 2013

Seismic attributes analysis were used to predict the sand distribution in this paper. Spectral decomposition technique was carried out in frequency domain. Spectral seismic attributes made an identification of target geological-mass from time domain to frequency domain in Lower U sandstone of HMO 3D area. The 40hz frequency attribute was the best attribute to predict sand distribution. Seismic waveform classification for Lower U sandstone with the time window from-7ms to +7ms of Lower U sandstone had a good relationship with the sandstone distribution. With the comprehansive analysis of borehole oil and gas distribution and seismic attributes characteristics, a prospective oil and gas area target was determined.
Sedimentary Characteristics of Fuyu Oil Layer in the Southern Fuxin Uplift of Songliao Basin
Authors: Zhang Yong Qing , Ma Shi Zhong , Sun Yu , Zhang Jin Yan
Published: December 2013

Based on 22 well cores and logging data of nearly 800 well, sedimentary characteristics of Fuyu oil layer in the southern Fuxin uplift was analyzed. It is shown that types of sandstone in the Fuyu oil layer are main feldspathic litharenite, debris arkose and minor litharenite. Granularity probability curve is displayed as a typical of two-stage or three-stage. A large number of parallel bedding, one-way oblique bedding, small-scale cross bedding, the bottom scour structure and syngenetic deformation structure can be seen in the Fuyu oil layer. Mudstone color is main fuchsia, grey purple massive mudstone and gray-green, gray, dark gray massive mudstone. Combined with the analysis of the sedimentary facies sign, Fuyu oil layer in the southern Fuxin uplift is large fluvial-dominated shallow water delta deposition. The skeletal sand bodies in the delta system are distributary channelsand bodies that are large, dense, narrow strip, continuous distribution. The overall is south-southwest trending. Sand body is continuous and far underwater extension until it disappears into thin sandsheet. multi-branch fluvial-dominated ribbon-like bodies are formed.
Facies Evolution and Distribution of Subaqueous Fans Complex in Biyang Sag, Eastern China
Authors: Geng Xiao Jie , Lin Chang Song , Zhu Xiao Min , Dong Yan Lei , Luo Qi
Published: December 2013

Hetaoyuan formation of Palaeogene in Biyang sag experienced the process of sedimentation during the main depressing period. Lithological traps were formed by the Sandstone-conglomerate bodies as favorite targets for oil and gas exploration in the southeast of Biyang sag. In this study, seismic profile, cores and well loggings as main data are used to analyze the micro-facies of subaqueous fan complex system. Methods such as Phasing concertion, spectrum decomposition, and strata slice play important roles in the study of facies evolution and distribution in high-resolution sequence framework of the upper member of the third Hetaoyuan formation. Subsequently, All of the coarse-grained turbid sandstone and the distributary channels sediments are potential reservoirs for oil and gas storage.
Accumulation Conditions of Paleozoic Shale Gas and its Resources in Northeast Chongqing Areas
Authors: Jiang Sheng Ling , Zeng Chun Lin , Wang Sheng Xiu , Li Mei
Published: December 2013

In order to carry out a more comprehensive discussion on shale gas accumulation conditions of Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation and Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation, the distribution, source rock conditions and reservoir conditions of these two shales are comprehensively analyzed, these two shales are both have the characteristics of high organic carbon content, high maturity, appropriate thickness and mainly typeⅠkerogen as source rocks, and interbedded with siltstone and/or fine sandstone, rich in quartz and other detrital components, easy to break and form the cracks, micro cracks as reservoirs, these characteristics provide a favorable material basis and reservoir space for shale gas accumulating. On this basis, the effective distribution areas of these two shales are further determined and shale gas resources are preliminary evaluated, eventually come to the results of shale gas resources of Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation and Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation respectively are 0.409×1012m3and 0.389×1012m3.
Computed Tomography Analysis of Representative Elementary Volume (REV) of Porous Medium
Authors: Wang Da Yong , Xu Hu Shan , Ma Xiao Jing
Published: December 2013

Representative Elementary Volume (REV) is not only a necessary measure for studying heterogeneous pore structure of reservoir rocks but also an important parameter for core-scale numerical modeling. In this paper, we accordingly analyze the REV for different porous media with different grain sizes based on computed tomography (CT) measurement. Our results show that that CT measurement is a relible method for REV analysis and that there is an appropriate linear relationship between grain size and REV.
Research to the Tension Monitoring Instrument of Bolt and Cable in Multi-Point
Authors: Jia Hou Sheng , Zhao Xi Dong , Yu Ming Jiang , Yang Xiao Long
Published: December 2013

Since safety of roadway and steady of rock depend on bolt and cable supporting quality [~[, it is important to evaluate timely bolt and cable supporting quality that monitors tension state of bolt and cable. With separated type design, the monitoring instrument, which is to monitor tension of multiple survey point and separation type Bolt and Cable, is made up of tension of bolt and cable sensor and secondary measuring instrument. This paper focuses on the composition and the basic principle of the tension of bolt and cable sensor structure, the composition of secondary measuring instrument structure and functional partition of the chips and circuit theory of the monitoring instrument. This paper introduces the concrete implementation way and the conditions of usage of the monitoring instrument and introduces the monitor in the application of the auxiliary slot of 22301 working face of Shen Dong coal group Shi Ge Tai ore.
Study on Porous Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Oil Shale and Semicoke
Authors: Zhao Li Mei , Liang Jie , Qian Lu Xin
Published: December 2013

In order to find the change rule of porous structure of oil shale during pyrolysis, the Huadian oil shale samples were heated to final temperature of 300°C400°C500°C600°C700°C. The pore structure and pore size distribution of oil shale and produced semi-cokes were measured by N2 isothermal adsorption/desorption method. The fractal characteristics and other parameters of porous structures were then analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the pores in oil shale were open at one direction while the pores in semi-cokes could be observed from two or even four directions. The pore sizes of semi-cokes were mostly between 3-5 nm; and the pore volume increased at a quickest rate when pyrolysis temperature increased from 400 to 600 °C. Oil shale and its semi-cokes all showed obvious fractal characteristics, whereas oil shale and the semi-coke from 600 °C gave the lowest fractal dimensions; this means that the matrix of oil shale tended to keep its original skeleton structure and the pore structure of semi-cokes from high temperatures became regular after devolatilization during the pyrolysis.
Ore-Controlling Structure of Fankou Pb-Zn Mineral Deposit in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Li Ying Shu , Zhang Yi Ke , Li Tian , Yang Dong Ming , He Da Qing , Chen Jiao Jiao , Cai Yan
Published: December 2013

Orefield structures of Fankou lead-zinc deposit in Guangdong province is complex and have been argued about for years. By means of comprehensive study of indoor and outdoor,The lambda-type structure made of major fault of F203 of strike northwest and branch fault of F3, F4 of strike northnortheast is ore-controlling structure, which not only controls the shape, the occurrence and spatial distribution of the ore body, but also controls the formation and distribution of the deposit.Key region of next prospecting is near fault of northnortheast direction of hangingwall block of the F203.Key words:Pb-Zn ore deposit;Ore-controlling structure;Fankou in Guangdong Province, China
The Major Problems of Mining Right Circulation Market in China
Authors: Li Chun Yan , Song Huan Bin , Mo Mei Xian
Published: December 2013

With the rapid expansion of mining right circulation market in China, disorder, chaos and disputes occurs frequently. The relevant laws, regulations and policies, the construction of the service mechanism and the management are all lag behind. This paper analyzes the main reasons of the problems and the status of mining right market. The author then puts forward that to build a modern mining right circulation market, we should revise the laws, regulations and policy with the terms of the reality, establish modern information release platform, improve the intermediary institutions and strengthen management.
Geochemical Features of Lead and Sulfur Isotope of Yinchanggou Pb-Zn Deposit in Ningnan County, Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Li Ying Shu , He Da Qing , Hu Ting Yin , Chen Jiao Jiao , Yang Dong Ming , Zhang Yi Ke , Cai Yan
Published: December 2013

inchanggou lead-zinc mining area, Ningnan county, Sichuan province is a medium reserves ore deposit in recent years. In order to study origin of the deposit,lead and sulfur isotopic geochemical features of the deposit must be research. In the deposit,mean value of 206Pb／204Pb of 9 samples is 0.285 (from 18.116 to 18.401), mean value of 207Pb／204Pb is 0.098 (from 15.658 to 15.756),and mean value of 208Pb／204Pb is 0.635 (from 38.249 to 38.884).which show lead of the ore deposit come main from upper earth's crust and few from orogenic zone. Average value is δ34S in the lead-zinc ore is 15.02 per thousand(from 5.8 per thousand to 20.32 per thousand), with positive value of sulphur isotopic composition. It is shown as heavy sulfur-rich, which is similar with composition characteristics of δ34S of seawater evaporate. The deposit is a strata-bound deposit with multi-material source.
Research and Apply the Technique of Dip Rock Cross-Cut Uncovering Serious Outburst Coal Seam Group
Authors: Liu Jun
Published: December 2013

Apply high pressure water jet drilling and reaming integrated technique to research the technique of dip cross-cut uncovering serious outburst coal seam group; numerical simulation by FLAC3D concludes that how much the diameters be after being reamed can get relief pressure well at different hole spacing; it shows that the technique expands pressure relief range, increases the permeability of coal and improves the drainage efficient at uncovering coal area in the experiment. Improve the craft and equipment of high pressure water jet drilling and reaming integrated technique, solve the problem of coal dust extraction difficultly at the dip hole, prolong high pressure and rotating joints life; the research indicates that high pressure water jet drilling and reaming integrated technique gets well effect on uncovering coals speed and outburst prevention effect, its of promotion application value to uncovering coal safely and efficiently in mine.
Study on Ash Fusion Properties of the Ningdong Coal by Coal Blending
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Zhi Xin , Feng Sheng Dan , Su Li
Published: December 2013

Coal blending is widely utilized in coal chemical industry and power plants, and ash slagging propensity, a non-additive property of the pure coals, is difficult to predict and related to its AFTs (ash fusion temperatures). A combustion experimental approach was undertaken to investigate the influence of coal blending ratio on the AFTs of three coal samples Sh-coal, Qi-coal, Que-coal from Ningdong mining areas. The results showed that a nonlinear decrease of the AFTs was obtained with the blending ratios (Sh-coal/Qi-coal or Sh-coal/Que-coal) increasing, the AFTs dropped by 30 °C from 0.5 to 0.8 ratio; the content of Al2O3 can be obviously lowered AFTs. Therefore, coal blending could lower the AFTs evidently. The obtained results in this research can be used in coal gasification process and further theoretical studies.
Analysis of the Key Geological-Mining Factors Impacting Mining Subsidence in Coal Mining Area: A Case Study in YuShenfu Mining Area
Authors: Song Shi Jie , Zhao Xiao Guang , Li Yu
Published: December 2013

Development of mining subsidence in the coal mining area is impacted by the geological occurrence conditions and mining design conditions. Therefore, taking the Yushenfu coal mining area in northern Shaanxi province as study area, the research analyzed the key geological and mining impact factors of the mining subsidence respectively with grey correlation analysis method and stepwise regression analysis method. The results show that the perturbation coefficient, synthetical protodyakonov coefficient of overburden rocks, width-depth ratio and the ratio of mining depth and height are selected as the key geological-mining factors impacting mining subsidence in YuShenFu coal mining area. It hopes that the research results can present the scientific guiding function for the prevention of mining subsidence in the future.
Using of Roasting Leaching Methods for Copper Recovery from a Flotation Concentrate of Yangla Copper Ore
Authors: Chen Ci Yun , Wen Shu Ming , Zhao He Fei , Lv Chao , Wang Yi Jie
Published: December 2013

Through earliest experimental study to tailings of Yangla copper ore known that under the best conditions of the flotation process can be obtained a copper concentrate which copper grade of 1.43% and recovery was 29.71%. Due to copper minerals embedded in this materials at a very fine particle size, and closely symbiosis with iron content and quartz, lead to it difficult to enrichment through ore dressing methods. And copper minerals mainly exist in the form of sulfide copper mineral, it can not by leaching method for processing directly, thus put forward a process to deal with this materials of enriched concentrate conduct to sulfuric roasting-leaching, which on the premise of guaranteed cost is not high, ultimately achieve the goal of recycling all kinds of valuable elements. Through the test of low temperature sulphation roasting - leaching to the flotation of copper concentrate shows that under the conditions of temperature of 450 °C for copper concentrate roasting 135 minutes, and after the calcine cooling, then with concentration of 4% sulfuric acid and Liquid-solid ratio of 3:1 leaching of 80 minutes, ultimately available to the test targets of copper leaching rate of around 81%.
Characteristics of Fault and its Controlling to Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Yumin Area Northern, Songliao Basin
Authors: Qi Xu
Published: December 2013

By using seismic, logging, test oil data, based on the analysis about development characteristics and movement stages of faults, and their control to the deposition of Fuyu oil layer, this paper studied the control of fault belts to hydrocarbon accumulation and characteristics of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in different fault belts. Study shows that the faults of Fuyu oil layer are made up of middle and long-term faults, which are mainly formed or active in the early deposition of Qingshankou Formation, in a plane the faults are dense to be in belt by the control of basement fault. The distribution of sand bodies and strike of distributary channel of Fuyu oil layer is controlled by basement fault and long-term growth fault, there are three spatial combinations between fault belts and distributary channel:Low-angle intersection, High-angle intersection, and distributary channels long-distance extension along the fault belt in the upside of the boundary fault. The spatial combinations between fault belts and sand bodies determine hydrocarbon migration way and its accumulation in the fault belts: in the eastern hydrocarbon is transported by transporting fault-sand mode, the traps within and besides the fault belt communicated by transporting passage are both accumulated by hydrocarbon, in the western hydrocarbon is transported by boundary fault-sand mode,the oiliness becomes gradually poor from both sides to the inter of fault belt.
Study on the Unstable Seepage Flow Model and the Productivity Characteristics in Tight Gas Heterogeneity Reservoir
Authors: Deng Jia , Zhu Wei Yao , Ma Qian , Yi Huai Jian
Published: December 2013

In this paper, considering on the real threshold pressure gradient (TPG), the mathematical model for low velocity non-Darcy unstable gas flow was established for the tight gas reservoir. Based on the low velocity non-Darcy unstable gas flow model, the gas flow model in heterogeneity formation was developed, and the analytical solution was obtained on the condition of constant production for inner boundary. Then we calculated the model numerically by Matlab programming. Its analyzed that the pressure distribution and the influencing factors such as production rate, producing time, reservoir thickness and the threshold pressure gradient. We compared the heterogeneity formation with the homogeneous formation by the heterogeneity low velocity non-Darcy unstable gas flow model, which shows great difference and illustrate the significance of research on heterogeneity.
Modification and Application of Capillary Number to Oil Displacement in Low Permeability Reservoirs
Authors: Chen Tao Ping , Qiu Biao , Hu Qi Hao
Published: December 2013

As concerning the limitations of the classic capillary number theory in the applications to the oil displacement with the ultra low interfacial intension system in low permeability reservoirs, considering the flow velocity of water/oil displacement through pores in low permeability reservoirs and the mechanism of displacement of the remaining oil in the parallel pores, and considering the influences of ultra low interfacial intension on oil/water relative permeability and the influences of non-homogeneity on the recovery, the expression of modification of the capillary number was given. The relation curves of recovery and capillary number were plotted through the displacement experiments with the ultra low interfacial intension system in low permeability cores. Some points on the application of capillary number to the oil displacement with the ultra low interfacial tension system were given, and the reasonable ways of enhancing the recovery of water flooding low permeability reservoirs with ultra low interfacial intension system were shown.
Modified Approach for Reorientation Fracturing Propagation Trajectory Prediction
Authors: Su Zhou , Yang Zhao Zhong , Li Xiao Gang , He Yu Yao , Zhang Jian , Lei Teng Jiao
Published: December 2013

Reorientation fracturing of post-phase development of conventional low productive formations and pro-phase development of unconventional reservoirs such as shale gas plays and coalbed methane formations has been and will always be of considerable significance for oil/gas development. Conventional reorientation trajectory prediction results cannot exactly match the field actual fracture mapping propagation ones. Based on the discrepancy, this research focuses on the dominant factors influencing re-fracture propagation path and re-recognizes the disturbed stress field. Taking advantage of the proposed Principle of Maximum Circumferential Tensile Stress, the fracture propagation path is numerically modeled, which is more in conformity with the fracture mapping compared with the conventional one. Finally, the importance of proper estimation of reorientation fracturing propagation trajectory is analyzed.
The Influence of Tectonic Characteristics on the Accumulation of CBM in H Area
Authors: Guo Yu , Zhao Jing Zhou , Wang Qian
Published: December 2013

There are several geological factors affecting the accumulation of CBM, including tectonic condition, burial depth, coal thickness, coal rank, gas content, permeability, reservoir pressure, desorption pressure and hydrological condition, etc. This article analyzes the influence of tectonic characteristics on the accumulation of CBM in H area, combining the tectonic characteristics and the actual production data, finally conclusions can be drawn that the uplifting movement of crust after coal-forming period could break the original adsorption equilibrium, then CBM would escape under unfavorable preservation condition; different scales of fractures and folds formed by tectonic movements play an important role in the preservation and dissipation as well as in the enrichment and accumulation.
Impact Factors of Natural Gas Hydrate Dissociation by Depressurization: A Review
Authors: Wang Da Yong , Ma Xiao Jing , Qiao Juan
Published: December 2013

Several geological factors can have a potential effect on dissociation of natural gas hydrate (NGH). It is important to understand their roles in safe exploitation of NGH deposits. This paper accordingly reviews experimental and numerical-modeling researches on impact factors of NGHs dissociation by depressurization. NGHs dissociation usually increases with increasing temperature, permeability, water saturation, thermal conductivity of sediments and depressurization rate of production well, whereas it is reverse for pressure, hydrate saturation, production wells pressure, gas saturation and particle size. Comparably, the effect of porosity and the heat conduction of production well can be reasonably ignored at different spatial scales. The heterogeneity of NGH deposits, chemical components of pore fluids, relative permeability and capillary pressure can also play a role in NGHs dissociation. However, their influencing mechanisms still need further studies in future.
Application of Extension Hanger in Gas Well Cementation of Narrow Layers Pressure Windows
Authors: Song Yuan Hong , Gao Fei , Zhong Fu Hai , Yin Xuan , Wu Jin Bo , Tang Li Ying
Published: December 2013

As a cat well in Mahudang of Burma on anticline structure zone, YH-1 encountered narrow formation pressure window stratum in the process of drilling with the problem that loss of filtration is serious and the speed of air cutting rises rapidly. Application of drilling liner hanger into cementation, combined with expansive slurry system in well YH-1 has met cementing requirements. Well sections are qualified and sealing sections of high quality amount to 49.4 percent. The field application results display that the usage of drilling liner hanger in narrow formation pressure window well section, associated with appropriate slurry system are able to satisfy well cementation requirements.
Design of Well Log Processing System for Gas Hydrate
Authors: Shang Jing Tao , Wu Meng Meng
Published: December 2013

As a new efficient energy, the exploration work for gas hydrate increasingly attracts world attention. This paper introduces the advances in gas hydrate exploration, and then discusses the importance of applying geophysical logging in the work. Based on the characteristics of gas hydrate well log data, this paper discusses its process, and we designed and developed the gas hydrate logging processing system combined with computer technology. The applications in work showed that the system could process well log data quickly and effectively, and provide a strong support for the exploration work.
Subsidence History of Northern Qinshui Basin
Authors: Liu Kang , Li You Fei , Guo Ai Jun
Published: December 2013

Based on the data of coalfield drilling and geological information, using the back-stripping technique, the subsidence history of northern Qinshui basin is studied in this paper. The study shows that this area experienced three stages of subsidence and two stages of uplift since Permo-Carboniferous period. It subsided slowly from Late Carboniferous to middle Permian and then subsided rapidly from Late Permian to Triassic period. It uplifted and denuded from Jurassic period to Cretaceous because of Yanshan movement and continued to uplift and denude since Cenozoic because of Himalayan movement and then subsided from Neocene to Quaternary period. The subsidence center mainly migrated from the south to the north since late Paleozoic. The denudation in the east is more than in the west and the largest denudation thickness is over 1000 m.
Steam Drive Small "Back" Glyph Pattern Injection-Production Parameters Optimization Research
Authors: Liu Gui Man
Published: December 2013

Jin 45 block of Liaohe oil field work with inverted nine-spot which has a low production-injection ratio of 3:1, but now it has a phenomenon of energy spillover. On the basis of that, design a small "back" glyph injection-production well pattern, this pattern has a higher production-injection ratio of 9:1. Petrel software makes geologic model, through the CMG numerical simulation software for steam huff and puff history matching, on the small back glyph pattern injection-production parameters optimization makes the 7.5 years of steam drive prediction. The results of the study show that: the little back glyph pattern in variable speed gas injection has the advantage of the high gas oil ratio and low production speed , more suitable for heavy oil steam drive development. It provides theoretical support for the steam drive of Jin 45 block of Liaohe oil field's expanding.
Productivity Analysis of Transverse Horizontal Well Commingling in Stripped Gas Reservoir with Bottom Water
Authors: Zhao Wen Qi , Yu Lian , Zhao Lun , Chen Li , Chen Song
Published: December 2013

Banded gas reservoir with bottom water is a typical gas reservoir. Based on the development characteristics of formation, the further study on commingling production by transverse horizontal well is done, and also combined with seepage theory including the Green function, Duhamel method etc. the dimensionless definitions of relative parameter are given. Whats more, the derivation and formula of production can be achieved respectively under the constant pressure condition and constant production condition. Meanwhile, take commingling production with three banded gas layers for example. Whether the initial pseudo pressure for these layers are equal or not, in both of these cases, the variation curve of gas productivity under the constant pressure and constant rate conditions is described separately. And the law of variation of gas flow backward for some layer when the physical properties of these layers are significantly different.
Effects of Interfacial Tension Reduction and Wettability Alteration on Oil Recovery by Surfactant Imbibition
Authors: Qi Zi Yuan , Wang Ye Fei , Xu Xiao Li
Published: December 2013

Surfactant imbibition experiments were carried out with four surfactants and effects of interfacial tension and surface wettability on oil recovery were studied. A convenient imbibition process with quartz sands was used, and the experimental results suggest that anionic and non-ionic surfactants have higher oil recovery than cationic surfactant, and the sand surface wettability plays an important role in influencing oil recovery during spontaneous imbibition. Altering the wettability of oil sand surface from oil-wet to water-wet can enhance the oil recovery of imbibition process. The maximum ultimate imbibition recovery appeared in the area where both contact angle and interfacial tension were low.
The Applied Prospect of Coal-Bed Methane Productivity Evaluation with Logging Technology
Authors: Qiao Lei
Published: December 2013

In recent years, the research on the coal-bed methane productivity evaluation with the logging method has progressed slowly, and a great breakthrough is needed. The influencing factors of the coal-bed methane productivity are analyzed based on the characteristics of coal-bed methane reservoir and the principle of coal-bed methane exploration. And the methods of evaluating the logging reservoir parameters related to the coal-bed methane productivity are also discussed. Meanwhile, the research prospect on the evaluation of coal-bed methane productivity with the logging technology is proposed by utilizing the principle of complex oil-gas reservoir productivity evaluation.
The Research of Variation Regularity of Coal Bed Methane Production in CO2 Flooding
Authors: Liu Yang , Wu Di
Published: December 2013

CO2flooding can increase coal bed methane production rate, enhance coal bed methane recovery and store CO2into underground. It has good application prospect for CBM development. This paper analyzes the adsorption-desorption law of mixed gas in the coal during the CO2injection process, as well as the diffusion and seepage law of gas in the coal seam. The sensitivity of factors affecting coal bed methane production is studied and then the coal bed methane production under different conditions is simulated numerically. The results show that methane concentration and coals permeability are the two key factors affecting the output of coal bed gas and their influence on productivity are even more significant than injection pressure and initial pressure. The higher injection pressure, coals permeability and gas concentration, the greater amount of methane the coal reservoirs will yield. When the coals permeability and the gas concentration in coal reservoirs increase, the growth rate of methane production accelerates accordingly.
Acid Leakoff Mechanism in Acid Fracturing of Naturally Fractured Carbonate Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Xu Lin Jing , Zhang Shi Cheng , Mou Jian Ye
Published: December 2013

In acid fracturing, excessive acid leakoff is thought to be the main reason that limits fracture propagation and live acid penetration distance, so its very important to do research about acid leak-off on naturally fractured carbonates. we developed a new model in this paper to simulate acid leakoff into a naturally fractured carbonates gas reservoir during acid fracturing. Our model incorporates the acid-rock reaction on the fractured surfaces. Given the information of the Puguang gas reservoir, the model predicts acid filtration and leakoff rate over time. In this study, we found that acid leak-off mechanism in naturally fractured carbonates is much different from that in reservoirs without natural fractures. The leakoff volume is several times of nonreactive acid. Since the acid widened natural fractures, leakoff velocity increase with time firstly , then decrease. While the leakoff velocity of the nonreactive fluid decrease sustained. We also analyze other sensitivity parameters of the acid leakoff. In this model, we explain the acid leakoff mechanism in naturally fractured carbonates, and provide a more accurate calculating of fluid loss.
Sebei NO.2 Gas Field I-1 Layer Group Wellbore Liquid Loading Analysis
Authors: Li Hong Lian , Dai Rui , Wang Xiao Lu , Qu Ji Feng
Published: December 2013

Sebei NO.2 gas field I-1 layer group is shallow-buried with comparatively lower formation energy. In the process of developing, the formation pressure drops and the total energy consumption of the gas-liquid two phase pipe flowing increases gradually, which leads wellbore to produce accumulated fluid that greatly reduces gas well productivity. This paper is based on the mastery of gas field reservoir characteristics and production dynamics, analyzing the changes of gas well production performance before and after gas wells with accumulated fluid. A wellbore liquid loading identification model of Sebei NO.2 gas field is established in terms of the liquid removing capacity calculations, wellhead characteristic observation method, the pressure gradient method. In the aspect of liquid loading volume, the study based on the theory of wellbore gas-liquid two phase flow, using four classical pressure distribution models to construct a combined model that is more suitable for single wells, analyzed the features of fluid gas well distribution with structural characteristics and other aspects. Practical application shows that the analysis results are reliable and highly practical, and deepening the understanding of the phenomenon of gas liquid loading.
Occurrence Features of Coalbed Methane in Inclined Coal Seam of Junggar Basin, Xinjiang
Authors: Liu Cheng Long , Wang Xiang Hao , Liu Kun , Wang Jin , Guo Hui , Sun Zui Qiang
Published: December 2013

Junggar Basin is located in north Xinjiang and it has a huge amount of coalbed methane resources with less exploration and mining. The most vital characteristic in junggar basin is coal dip angel and gas content varies a lot in different areas. This paper reveals the relationship between gas content and coal seam dip angel, bigger the coal seam dip angel lower the gas content. The target area of CBM exploration and mining in junggar basin is HEGSH-STH area, HEGSHX area, BSMY-JJM area,LJM area, KLMY area, HSTLG area and XZJQ area. Gas content is mainly influenced by tectonic movement in junggar basin, it is low in complex structure area and high in simple structure area. Inclination of the coal seam stands for the complexity of the structure in junggar basin, the structure is complex when the coal seam is steep, it is simple when the coal seam is flat. The result can be used as a new method for coalbed methane exploration and development in inclined coal seam areas, small coal dip area should be chosen as the high gas content target.
The Characteristics of Sedimentary Facies of Tanzhuang Formation of Upper Triassic of Luoyi District
Authors: Yue Shao Fei , Yan De Tian , Li Xiao Peng , Song Guang Zeng
Published: December 2013

Based on the observation and description of single well and outcrops and the analysis of reservoir compositions, petrology, clastic structure and sedimentary structure,this paper determines the sedimentaty facies characteristics of Tanzhuang formation. The types of sedimentary facies in late Triassic epoch are delta front,shallow lake and semi-deep lake. The delta front develops subaqueous distributary channel, mouth bar and distal bar. Lacustrine facies develops shallow lake mud, shallow lake sand bar, turbidite sand and semi-deep lake mud.The reservoir rock formations in this area are lithic sandstone,feldspathic lithic sandstone with high content of feldspar and debris.The sedimentary structures include ripple, scour surface and cross-bedding are identified.
Petrological Characteristics of Donghe Sandstone Reservoir in HD4 Oil Field
Authors: Liu Xia , Wang Yan Kai , Sun Juan , Cong Lin
Published: December 2013

Based on comprehensive study of the thin section identification, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, the heavy mineral analysis data, the lithology of Donghe sandstone reservoir in HD4 oil field, Tarim Basin, is mainly lithic feldspar-porphyry sandstone, fill in the gap content with calcite, shale and anhydrite primarily. The area that is far away from the source, and the original rock are sedimentary metamorphic rocks. Pore types are primary interparticle pore, inside particles dissolve pore and fissure pore. Clay mineral are mixed by Chlorite, illite and kaolinite.
Low Carbon Technologies, Strategies and Lifestyles for Green Buildings
Authors: Lv Yue Xia , Xiao Qi , Yan Gui Huan , Xu Chong Qing , Sun Liang , Guo Dong Yan
Published: December 2013

Low carbon community is an essential cell and it can be considered as the basic to achieve low carbon development strategy. Due to high energy consumption of commercial and residential buildings in the community, it is of great importance to reconsider the building structure and exploit renewable energy systems to minimize conventional energy consumption and improve living quality. In this paper, various low carbon technologies, strategies and lifestyles which are relevant with green buildings in the community have been discussed, including reasonable design, green roof system, utilization of renewable energy sources, change of low carbon living mode and energy-related behavior.
Research on Design Index of Low-Carbon Highway Route Based on Game Theory
Authors: Jiao Shuang Jian , Li Long Fei , Li Yan Wei
Published: December 2013

Highway route design indexes are the key factors which can determine the overall performance of highway. They affect not only the economy, safety, function of highway, but also affect the amount of CO2 emissions of highway. In order to find the most reasonable route design indexes, firstly, establish the function relationship between route design indexes and carbon emissions and cost-effectiveness of highway and social environment. Secondly, analyze action strategies of the highway construction main bodies and the social environment main bodies based on game theory. Thirdly, establish the complete information static game model, and solve to get the pure strategy Nash equilibrium in different circumstances. Establish a set of methods of evaluating highway route design indexes. Provide a scientific decision basis for highway construction departments.
Does the Household Environmental Kuznets Curve for Carbon Dioxide Emissions Exist? Micro Evidence from Cities in China
Authors: Xu Xin Kuo
Published: December 2013

By linking household consumption and CO2 emissions, it utilizes the household financial survey data to analyze the relationship of CO2 emissions and income on the household level. By testing the model of household Environmental Kuznets Curve about CO2 emissions and another model involving more factors than income, it finds the household Environmental Kuznets Curve about CO2 emissions exists in cities of China. Moreover, it finds the household financial factors, besides household borrowing, credit card loans, non-savings insurance, asset level and cash level, affect the relationship of CO2 emissions and income. According to the empirical result, it predicts that the CO2 emissions will be the most when the household income reaches about 200 thousand Yuan.
Analysis on the Ecological Wisdom of Historical Village in the Yellow River Basin: As an Example of Guang Village
Authors: Li Xian'e , Liao Jing
Published: December 2013

Shanxi Guang Village which located at the foot of Lv Liang Mountain was attracted much attention by its three-thousand-year of Guang Village ruins, the well protected Jin and Shang dynasty culture which experienced the change of Tang, Yuan, Ming dynasties, the ecological wisdom and so on. This article mainly bases on the historical investigation of historical villages which are located neat the Yellow River. It analyses the ecological culture orientation and ecological wisdom of the village from aspects of plans, buildings,and convictions; and then make the concept of ecological culture well-known and benefit to the construction of New Villages in the Yellow River basin