bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Trifluoromethoxy Substituted Pyrazolines as Potential Tubulin Assembling Inhibitors
Authors: Jumaah Maadh , Khairuddean Melati , Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi
Published: May 2022

Breast cancer is a major health problem with an increasing number of cases over the years. Few classes of anticancer agents have been developed but they established toxic effects on normal cells. Despite the availability of many effective drugs to treat different types of cancers, chemotherapeutic drugs are unable to distinguish between healthy and cancerous cells, resulting in the risk of side effects and drugs resistance. There is a continuous effort to find new agents to help bring this disease under control. In this study, novel fluorinated pyrazolines derivatives (2a-c) were designed and synthesized via cyclo-condensation reaction of commercially available trifluoromethoxy phenylhydrazine with a series of chalcone derivatives (1a-c). These pyrazoline compounds, 2a-c exhibited inhibitory activity against MCF-7 cell lines with the IC50 values of 7.62 ± 0.69, 29.61 ±1.60 and 14.38 ± 0.69 μM, respectively. These values are comparable to the positive control, Doxorubicin (IC50 of 17.44 ± 5.32 μM). Pyrazoline 2a exhibited the best free binding energy of-10.8 kcal/mol compared to pyrazoline 2b and 2c which showed the free binding energy of-8.6 and-9.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular docking results of pyrazoline 2a exhibited good interaction between OCF3 moiety with EGFR active site, forming three π bonds which enhanced the anticancer activity. Therefore, pyrazoline 2a would provide promising access to future studies as a potential antitumor agent. Keywords: Fluorinated compounds, trifluoromethoxy, pyrazoline derivatives, molecular modelling, anticancer activity
Preparation of All-Cellulose Composite Fiber Reinforced by Cellulose Nanofibrils Based on CO2 Switchable Solvent
Authors: Zhang Jin Yang , Li Jin Ling , Qiao Qian , Wang Rui , Liu Fei , Na Hai Ning , Zhu Jin
Published: May 2022

In this paper, cellulose solution was obtained by dissolving cellulose in CO2 switchable solvent, and the CNF spinning solution was prepared by mixing cellulose solution with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) by physical blending. CNF reinforced all-cellulose composite fibers were prepared by wet-spinning. The spinning solution with good dispersion of CNF can be obtained. The rheological property test showed that the solution has spinnability. The composite fibers were subsequently prepared by wet-spinning. The structure and properties of the composite fibers were analyzed by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and mechanical properties testing. The results showed that the chemical structure of the composite fiber was the same as that of cellulose, but the aggregate structure became amorphous, which resulted in deceased thermal stability. The composite fibers had dense and solid structure without any cavity. The mechanical strength of the composite fiber was upto 1.12cN/dtex.
Stratification Properties of Peninsular-Malaysian Peat
Authors: Mohamed Khairulmazidah , Leong Yin Hui , Ghazali Nur Atirah , Saaid Mardiana
Published: May 2022

Peat is known for its importance as carbon storage. Peatlands in Malaysia especially forest reserve areas are generally lack of natural resources due to poor soil nutrients. Hence, many of peatlands in Malaysia have been converted to plantations and industrialized area. Peninsular-Malaysian peat properties are less studied in terms of its physical and chemical properties. A total of 38 peat samples from 5 depths (surface, 50cm, 100cm, 150cm and 200cm) from 10 locations around Peninsular-Malaysia were characterized for its physicochemical properties: moisture, organic matter, pH, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, humic acid content and its FTIR properties. Results showed that moisture content ranges from 60.92% to 94.22% and moisture increases with increasing depth. Organic matter percentage was very high, having an average of 95% (range 74-99%) with most samples having organic matter more than 90%. Peninsular Malaysian peat is quite acidic, with pH average of 3.56 owing to its humic and fulvic acid contents. The min % humic acid (HA) is 32.06% and the highest is 62.44%. There is a slight increase in HA content as the depth increases. C:N ratio increasing with depth, indicating very slow decomposition rate. FTIR results indicated the presence of polysaccharides, fat, wax, lipids and lignins content which increases as the depth increases, especially the aromatics such as humic acids and lignins. These distinct characteristics are described to provide a better understanding of the significance of sustaining peat swamp forest for long-term management.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrogels Derived from Cellulose of Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) and Chitosan Using the Freeze-Thaw Method
Authors: Khalifah Tur Ridha Noer , Natsir Hasnah , Fauziah Siti , Raya Indah
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the absorption and ability of hydrogels to hold water. The hydrogel was synthesized using the freeze-thaw method, then the absorption ability and water retention time in the hydrogel were tested and characterized by FTIR and trinocular stereo microscope. The FTIR results showed that the resulting hydrogel had N–H, O–H, aliphatic C–H, bend N–H, C–O, and C–N functional groups. The highest absorption of the hydrogel with a ratio of cellulose:chitosan:EDTA variations of 2:2.25:0.25 (g) respectively, which was 287.46% and the appearance of the hydrogel under a microscope showed that the structure of the hydrogel was rather hollow, so that it affected its absorption.
Revisiting Languages in the International Business Curriculum
Authors: Hanson Thomas A.
Published: May 2022

Business school graduates, especially international business majors, now begin their careers in a globally linked economy that requires crosslinguistic and cross-cultural communication skills. Related research areas—including studies on the impact of language on multinational businesses, the internationalization of business school (and related) curriculum instruction in Language for Specific Purposes (LSP), and the role of translation and interpreting (T&I) in the language classroom—have developed independently, limiting opportunities for dialogue and collaboration. This current study encourages a transdisciplinary approach that brings scholars from these related research traditions into dialogue. Following an overview and synthesis of these research areas, this study presents a summary of language requirements in 208 international business programs at US undergraduate institutions. Finally, four strategies to incorporate LSP and T&I in business school curriculum are outlined, including recommendations to promote T&I literacy, develop content-aligned language instruction, encourage collaboration between language and business faculty, and engage business school accreditors to spur change. The objective is to promote the mutual development of curriculum between business schools and language programs, specifically by encouraging international business programs to recognize the value of LSP and T&I instruction to promote career readiness.
Comprehensive Understanding for Application in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of the Consensus Statement on Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets by Korean Diabetes Association, Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, and Korean Society of Hypertension
Authors: Choi Jong Han , Kang Jee-Hyun , Chon Suk
Published: May 2022

The Joint Committee of the Korean Diabetes Association, the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, and the Korean Society of Hypertension announced a consensus statement on carbohydrate-restricted diets and intermittent fasting, representing an emerging and popular dietary pattern. In this statement, we recommend moderately-low-carbohydrate or low-carbohydrate diets, not a very-low-carbohydrate diet, for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These diets can be considered a dietary regimen to improve glycemic control and reduce body weight in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review provides the detailed results of a meta-analysis and systematic literature review on the potential harms and benefits of carbohydrate-restricted diets in patients with diabetes. We expect that this review will help experts and patients by fostering an in-depth understanding and appropriate application of carbohydrate-restricted diets in the comprehensive management of diabetes.
Diabetes Fact Sheet in Korea 2021
Authors: Bae Jae Hyun , Han Kyung-Do , Ko Seung-Hyun , Yang Ye Seul , Choi Jong Han , Choi Kyung Mook , Kwon Hyuk-Sang , Won Kyu Chang ,   on Behalf of the Committee of Media-Public Relation of the Korean Diabetes Association
Published: May 2022

Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and management of diabetes mellitus, risk-factor control, and comorbidities among Korean adults.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess the prevalence, treatment, risk factors, comorbidities, and self-management behaviors of diabetes mellitus from 2019 to 2020. We also analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service to evaluate the use of antidiabetic medications in people with diabetes mellitus from 2002 through 2018.Results: Among Korean adults aged 30 years or older, the estimated prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 16.7% in 2020. From 2019 through 2020, 65.8% of adults with diabetes mellitus were aware of the disease and treated with antidiabetic medications. The percentage of adults with diabetes mellitus who achieved glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5% was 24.5% despite the increased use of new antidiabetic medications. We found that adults with diabetes mellitus who achieved all three goals of HbA1c <6.5%, blood pressure (BP) <140/85 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL were 9.7%. The percentage of self-management behaviors was lower in men than women. Excess energy intake was observed in 16.7% of adults with diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Korean adults remained high. Only 9.7% of adults with diabetes mellitus achieved all glycemic, BP, and lipid controls from 2019 to 2020. Continuous evaluation of national diabetes statistics and a national effort to increase awareness of diabetes mellitus and improve comprehensive diabetes care are needed.
Rare Histolopathologic Variants in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Tsiakoulas Eleftherios , Zarkadas Anastasios , Tzortzis Vasileios , Kozyrakis Diomidis
Published: May 2022

The heterogeneous spectrum of bladder cancer comprises the coexistence of conventional urothelial carcinoma (UC) with its variants as well as the non-urothelial carcinoma (including squamous and glandular tumors). Since the official classification of rare histologic subtypes, by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2004, uropathologists and urologists are paying more attention to the role of these subtypes as potential prognostic markers. Most of these rare variants have been associated with increased risk of progression and poor prognosis. Therefore, patients diagnosed with some of the histologic subtypes, have been classified to “the very high risk group” of recurrence and progression, although it has not yet been clarified if this is due to advanced stages at presentation and underdiagnosis or due to the aggressiveness of each variant, as an independent factor. This review discusses the most common variants of bladder cancer (urothelial carcinoma with squamous and/or glandular differentiation, pure squamous carcinoma, pure adenocarcinoma, urachal carcinoma, nested pattern, microcystic, micropapillary, small cell carcinoma, plasmacytoid, sarcomatoid, and lymphoepithelial like carcinoma), outlining the recent advances regarding the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and clinical significance for each one. High index of suspicious is required by the uropathologists for detection of these variants and well-designed multi-institutional studies are necessary in order the specific treatment strategies for these patients to be established.
Case series of Cranial and spinal dysraphism
Authors: Pandurangam Gayathri , Nagajyothi D. , Saritha Seethamsetty , Anjum Asra
Published: May 2022

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common cause of congenital anomaly worldwide (cardiac anomalies is the first). The 3rd and 4th week of gestation is the critical period for neural tube development. Multiple genetic and environmental factors are known to cause the NTDs in a developing embryo. We report here four cases of cranial and spinal dysraphism or craniorachischisis, the most severe and rare type of NTD with brief maternal history. In all these cases, the neural tissue is exposed in the region of brain as well as in the region of spinal cord to various extents. In this case series, the external features of craniorachischisis in four female fetuses (including monozygotic twins) are reported. One of the affected fetuses had associated omphalocele.
Foramen Ovale and Associated Accessory Foramina
Authors: Sthapak Eti , Pasricha Navbir , Singh Anamika , Bhatnagar Rajan , Bedi Ravinder Singh
Published: May 2022

Background:

The mandibular nerve exits the cranial cavity by traversing through the foramen ovale (FO) which is located in the greater wing of sphenoid, posterolateral to foramen rotundum. This foramen also provides an entry portal to the accessory middle meningeal artery and helps exit the lesser petrosal nerve apart from the emissary veins. Tumors and masses in infratemporal region require an accurate and precise morphometry of FO, before planning any surgical procedure. The aim of this study is to record and analyze the metric and nonmetric data and compares the morphometry of FO with gender and age.

Methodology:

Type of study – Retrospective observational study. The sample size was 200 computerized tomography head axial section scans without any disease which might alter the anatomy of foramen, from picture archiving and communication system. Bilateral foraminal parameters were obtained with the help of computer-assisted software.

Results:

The mean length, breadth, distance from mid-sagittal plane, and size of FO in males were 7.75 ± 1.16, 3.98 ± 0.91, 21.40 ± 1.75, and 30.94 ± 8.79, and in females, measurements were 6.90 ± 0.78, 3.57 ± 1.04, 20.36 ± 1.62, and 24.86 ± 9.08, respectively. Septation was observed in 2% of cases and the most common shape observed was oval (84%). Totally 26% of accessory foramina were observed.

Conclusion:

Significant gender differences were seen in the morphometry in all the four parameters. A significant difference with age was seen only with distance of foramen from midsagittal plane. Variations in morphometry and shapes of the FO may affect clinical and diagnostic procedures.
Research on the Performance of Composite Cantilever Beam under Special Environmental Condition
Authors: Miah Md Helal
Published: May 2022

This paper will focus on the root facture problem of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) material of aircraft winglets through ABAQUS simulation analysis regarding the aircraft takeoff and landing from high altitude at the constant and low-temperature experimental analysis and topography analysis. The innovative purpose of this paper is to identify the critical failure stress of the cantilever bending of unidirectional and orthogonal, embedding carbon nanotube reinforcement, and exploring the embedded carbon nanotube regarding the enhancement effect of CFRP aircraft winglet. First of all, the analysis of the force state of the aircraft winglet, the unidirectional and orthogonal CFRP aircraft winglet at normal temperature, and low- temperature cycling is established based on the principle of classic laminates and statics. The wing cantilever bending critical failure stress mechanics model provides a theoretical basis for the influence of low- temperature cycles on aircraft winglets. Secondly, verifying the correctness of the above-mentioned mechanical model, the CFRP aircraft winglet was studied through bending stress analysis, stress- displacement curve analysis, and sample topography analysis. Finally, the equipment for preparing embedded carbon nanotubes CFRP composite material was designed to ensure the accuracy of the test piece and explored the effect of embedded carbon nanotubes on the CFRP aircraft winglet. The main reason for the weakening of the winglet cantilever anti-bending strength is the fibre. During the low-temperature cycle, the residual stress generated by the aircraft winglet fiber’s repeated damp and heat deformation is too weak to increase the wing's cantilever bending failure critical stress. The enhanced result of the cantilever anti-bending ability and the microscopic mechanism of action provides the basis of the carbon nanotube reinforcement medium to the CFRP aircraft winglet development.
Connected On-Board Inert Gas Generation System with Real-Time Data Access & Machine Learning Approach for Predictive / Prognostics Maintenance
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Kotnadh Shivaprasad , MorkondaHaribapu cEng Arvind , Kanneboyina cEng Rajesh , Rao cEng Manjunatha
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the OBIGGS is to reduce the amount of oxygen in the fuel tank to a 'safe' level to significantly reduce the possibility of ignition of fuel vapors. There are circumstances where equipment of OBIGGS like ASMs, Ozone Converter Catalysts, etc. gets degraded earlier than the provided MTBF.

This paper studies the present conventional systems limitations, like due to memory constraints only the faults and limited shop data are being recorded, hence there is no provision to store/report the stream of data margins with which we can pass/fail the performance tests.

This paper also explains how a new design of the Connected concept achieves access to real-time data from the system and how the data is pushed to the cloud network. A connected solution for the OBIGGS is the technology to access real-time data (Systems LRUs Performance data and Custom data Parameters) from the Systems controller data bus, this data is further applied to AI/ML methods for predictive/prognostics features to compare why the performance of the ASMs in some systems may degrade quicker than others and to inform of when equipment of OBIGGS may need to be inspected/tested/replaced.

VOCs related to ASMs degradation, FQIS field issues, sensors, valves, and other equipment's data parameters can be monitored over time that would be of value and an interest in more details for the Suppliers, Manufacturers, and Customers side.
Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in traditionally managed rangeland biomes in Karamoja sub-region, Uganda
Authors: Challenge S. , Egeru A. , Nyombi K.
Published: May 2022

Rangelands are known for their potential in mitigating rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the world. The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) in rangelands under traditional management systems in Karamoja sub-region in Uganda, with a view to facilitating the development of appropriate and strategic management practices for the rangeland resources. The study was conducted during the wet season of the sub-region. Four land use/cover types (cropland, grassland, woodland and thickets/shrubland) were laid out in a completely randomised design. Soil samples were collected from four plots each one measuring 50 m x 40 m in each land use/cover type. A diagonal design was used for sample collection at depths of 0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm. Results showed that at both soil depths, croplands had the lowest mean SOC and highest N; while grasslands had the highest SOC. Also, cropland recorded the highest mean soil bulk density at both depths. Based on soil analysis only, this study showed that conversion to cropland over a specified period of time can considerably reduce the ability of rangelands to sequester carbon. Further studies to include assessment of carbon stocks in the respective vegetation biomass are recommended.
Analysis of adaptation diversity to climate variability and change among pastoral communities in north-eastern Uganda
Authors: Egeru A. , Mensah S. , Kuule D.A. , Siya A. , Asiimwe R.
Published: May 2022

Adaptation framing remains one of the major challenges to achieving greater implementation of adaptation initiatives in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using an integrated analytical framework that frames adaptation indicators into three dimensions; adaptive, absorptive and transformative capacities, we analysed the adaptation diversity in Karamoja sub-region, Uganda. We found a strong perception of the existence of climate variability and change manifested through the occurrence of droughts, floods, hailstorms, late onset and early rainfall onset. Absorptive capacity revealed varied status of asset ownership, custodianships, and access to these assets, presence of informal social safety nets, and social cohesion. Adaptive capacity revealed the presence of a diversity of livelihood sources, livelihood assets and associated income, but its human capital indicator revealed considerably high illiteracy levels among respondents. Meanwhile, transformative capacity revealed existence of network structures, governance and institutions, facilitated access to early warning information on pests, diseases and rainfall onset. Traditional institutions and the justice system played a key role in conflict resolution, mediation and negotiation for kraals establishment, grazing, and watering rights. We conclude that pastoral communities in Karamoja have a high inclination to maintenance of stability while their flexibility and ability to change decreases with the intensity of change pro-rata.
Effect of cereal based traditional malting technology on nutritional quality of iron-rich bean flour
Authors: Nafula M. , Ongeng D. , Alowo D. , Nabatanzi L. , Zziwa S.
Published: May 2022

Iron deficiency is a major public health challenge affecting the health of about 18 and 13.8% of children and women globally, respectively. About 43% children and 29% women in sub-Saharan Africa suffer from Iron Deficiency Anemia. In Uganda, recent demographic health statistics indicate that the prevalence of anaemia among children of 6-59 months stands at 53%; while that for women of child bearing age stands at 32%. Biofortified iron-rich bean varieties have been developed and adopted in Uganda to contribute to alleviation of iron deficiency challenges. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of traditional malting technology on nutritional quality of biofortified iron-rich beans (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.). The study examined the effect of the traditional malting technology on: (i) the contents of anti-nutritional factors (phytates, oxalates, polyphenols, tannins, trypsin inhibitor activity); (ii) digestibility of protein and bioavailability of iron and zinc; and (iii) retention of proximate constituents and mineral micronutrient contents in bean varieties. We used three bean varieties, namely NAROBEAN 1, hereafter referred to as NB1, NAROBEAN 2 (NB2), and NAROBEAN 3 (NB3), all of which are widely produced and consumed in Acholi sub-region. Application of paired t-test revealed that the traditional malting technology reduced only the content of oxalates by 42.3-54.8 % and trypsin inhibitor activity by 6.2-34.6 %, from the three varieties. The content of total phenols was reduced by 22.3 % only in NB 1 (P< 0.05). The traditional malting technology improved protein digestibility for the three varieties by 38-43.6 % (P< 0.05). Bioavailability of iron improved from in NB1 by 26.7 % and NB2 by 11.5 %; while that of zinc improved for only NB2 by 51.5 % (P<0.05). The contents of micronutrients and proximate constituents were not adversely affected by the traditional malting technology, except for phosphorus in NB1 and magnesium in NB3. Overall, traditional malting technology is effective at reducing trypsin inhibitors and oxalates, and improving protein digestibility and iron bioavailability.
Willingness to use ice-fish box by fresh fish value-chain actors in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi A.O. , Benson O.B. , Johnson O.M. , Agboola A.A.
Published: May 2022

A fish preservation technology was developed in the year 2016 by Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute, (NSPRI) in a well-insulated container known as “NSPRI Ice-Fish Box” (NSPRI-IFB). The technology was disseminated to fresh fish value-chain actors (farmers, marketers, processors and transporters) in selected coastal local government areas of Lagos State namely Lagos Mainland, Epe, Badagry and Ikorodu which housed Asejere, Epe, Badagry and Ijede fish markets respectively in 2019. The study was conducted in these markets to ascertain the awareness status and determine the willingness of these actors to use NSPRI-IFB. Data were randomly collected from 110 respondents selected through a simple random sampling procedure using questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square statistical tool. Excellent numbers of actors (81.82%) are well aware of NSPRI-IFB while 27.27% of them declare they are not aware. Results further shows that actors are very willing to use NSPRI-IFB for fresh fish preservation (x̄ = 3.87) and transportation (x̄ = 3.81). However, they are not at all willing to use the technology for fish processing (x̄ = 1.67) and curing (x̄ = 1.73). Chi-square analysis reveals significant associations (p≤0.05) between willingness to use NSPRI-IFB and actors’ age and level of education. Conclusively, value-chain actors are well aware and are willing to use the technology. Fresh fish postharvest loss reduction policy should be directed towards mass adoption of NSPRI-IFB.
Households food security and perception of food nutrition in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Chiemela Stella Nwawulu , Chiemela Chinedum Jachinma , Apeh Chikamso Christian , Ileka Chikaosolu Maryqueen
Published: May 2022

The study used household data from 240 randomly selected respondents to assess the food and nutrition security of households in Enugu State. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) were used to describe households’ food security levels. Descriptive statistics, such as percentages, were also utilized to describe households' food sources, as well as their understanding of food nutrition and balanced diet, while the Likert scale was employed to identify the variables influencing their food choices. Only 30% of the respondents were food secure. The mean score of the dietary diversity of households was 5.95 out of 12. The respondents had little or no knowledge of food nutrition and balanced diet. Educational programmes on food and nutrition security should be conducted and encouraged by extension agents, governments and non-governmental agencies to enlighten households.
Perception of the effects of firewood usage on rural women’s health in Ogun State Nigeria
Authors: Wole-alo Felicia Itunnu , Alokan Agnes Olubunmi , Ogundele Esther Kemisola
Published: May 2022

The study assessed the effects of firewood usage on rural women health in Ogun State. Samples of 128 respondents were randomly selected from four local government areas of Ogun State. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire. Percentages were used for data analysis. Majority of the respondents were married (91%) with a mean age of 50 years. Most of the respondents (86.7%) used firewood for cooking, the preference of the utilization of firewood over other alternatives was due to non-availability of other sources (40%) and availability of firewood (33%). Some perceived health effects on the respondents were discomfort caused by the smoke from the firewood (𝑥 ̅ = 2.81) and eyes irritation (= 2.53). The study recommended alternative energy sources that are with lesser health hazards be made readily available at subsidized rate in the rural areas since this was the major attractive driving force for the use of firewood.
Prevalence and predictors of intestinal schistosomiasis among the adult population, and water and sanitation conditions - A community-based cross-section study at Muleba District, Tanzania
Authors: Shabani M. , Zacharia A. , Mushi V. , Joseph M. , Kinabo C. , Makene T.
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal schistosomiasis is one of the serious public health problems in all age groups and can lead to considerable morbidity and mortality, especially in communities with an inadequate supply of safe water and sanitation services. This study was conducted to establish the current burden of intestinal schistosomiasis among adults in the Muleba District and assess water and sanitation conditions that might influence the transmission of intestinal schistosomiasis.METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between July and August 2020. A total of 328 stool samples were collected and processed using formal-ether concentration and Kato-Katz methods. Water and sanitation data were collected using a questionnaire interview conducted among participants. Participants were randomly selected from four villages. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 23.RESULTS: Thirty-six participants (11%) were infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The prevalence was higher among households using water from improved sources, houses without sanitation facilities, and participants who do not use sanitation facilities. We found a significantly increased risk of S. mansoni infection among participants in households without toilet facilities than those with ventilated improved pit latrine (OR =4.10, p = 0.001).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis infection among the adult population in Muleba indicates a moderate risk of transmission. The type of toilet facility is a significant factor in the perpetuation of S. mansoni transmission.
Perceived barriers to management of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Shyaka J. C. , Chironda G. , Dushimiyimana V. , Umuhire L. , Nkuranyabahizi M. , Ngendahayo F. , Rajeswaran L.
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION: The number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is gradually increasing in developing countries such as Rwanda. Barriers to the management of CKD from nurses' perspectives is not an area that has been well explored. This study aimed to assess the perceived barriers to CKD management from the perspective of nurses working at the referral hospitals in Rwanda.METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional research design. The study setting was selected referral hospitals in Kigali. A convenience sample of 55 nurses was obtained and data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Analyses were done using descriptive and inferential statistics in the SPSS application.RESULTS: Respondents identified the most barriers to management of CKD as: limited knowledge of CKD (96%) and its risk factor of glomerulonephritis (93%), limited information of dialysis (98%) and fluid restriction (95%) treatment as well as a lack of further training on nephrology nursing (93%). Shortage of nephrologists and nurses (98%) and a multidisciplinary care team (95%) were resource barriers. Other barriers were limited knowledge of CKD risk factors: hypertension (78%) and HIV/AIDS (80%), limited in-service training (69%), and non-adherence (86%). The experience of respondents was associated with limited knowledge of CKD risk factors: hypertension (P =0.001), diabetes (P=0.001) and HIV/AIDS (P=0.040). The level of nursing obtained by the respondents was associated with a lack of further special training (p=0. 001), limited in-service training (P=0.028) and non-adherence of CKD patients (P=0.017).CONCLUSION: Barriers to CKD management in Rwanda are evident. There is a need for in-service training for nurses in order to improve the proper treatment of the CKD population.
Uzaktan Eğitim Dil Öğrenim Süreçlerinde Özgün Araç Kullanımı
Authors: Kalkan Tuğçe
Published: May 2022

Geçmişten günümüze girdinin dil öğrenim süreçlerine olan katkısı yadsınamaz bir gerçek olmuştur. Bu girdinin sunulmasında kullanılmakta olan dil öğretim araçları ise birçok değişim geçirmiştir. Buna paralel olarak öğretmen bilişi ve öğrenici inanışları da evrilir. Teknolojinin etkisi, yaşanan coğrafya ve dil edinim amaçlarının da bu değişimlerde etkisi bulunmaktadır. Dil öğretiminde tespit edilen sorunların uygulamalı dilbilim aracılığıyla çözüme ulaştırılması süreçlerinde COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde öne çıkan başlıklardan birkaçı dil girdisinin öğreniciye sunulması, özgün araç,  öğretmen bilişi ve öğrenci inanışı olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 pandemi süreci öncesi ve sonrasında dil öğretimde anlaşılabilir girdiye ulaşmada özgün aracın, öğretmen bilişinin ve öğrenci inanışının önemine değinmektir.
The Effect of ICT-Enhanced Blended Learning on Elementary School Students’ Achievement in English and Attitudes towards English Lesson
Authors: Assylzhanova Danagul , Seisenbek Nurzhan , Uzakbaeva Sakhipzhamal , Kapalbek Bizhomart
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the present study was to comparatively examine the effects of ICT-enhanced blended curriculum and traditional teaching practices in elementary school English courses. The research was carried out in accordance with the pretest posttest experimental model with a control group. The study was carried out in a elementary school in Kazakhstan with the participation of 60 elementary school students (30 experiment and 30 control) attending 4th grade. In the research, a pretest was applied to the experimental and control groups before the experimental procedure. As a pretest, the English achievement and attitude scales towards the same course were applied to the subjects. In the study, computer aided blended instruction was used in the experimental group and traditional instruction was applied in the control group. Experimental applications lasted eight weeks. In the study, the same scales were applied to the experimental and control groups as a posttest. Two weeks after the posttest, the English achievement test was administered to both groups as a retention test. According to the research findings, the computer-aided blended teaching application applied in the experimental group enabled the students to achieve higher English achievement, positive attitude and learning permanence compared to the control group in which traditional teaching was applied.
A Meta-Analysis of the E-Learning Influence on Vocational Education and Training (VET): Preliminary Study of Virtual to Actualization
Authors: Daryanto Eka , Siregar Batumahadi , Januariyansah Sapitri
Published: May 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of e-learning on VET learning, the factors that support the success of e-learning, and the role of e-learning in practical learning performance. This type of research was a quantitative study with a meta-analysis approach. A total of 18 articles on e-learning in VET learning were selected as samples. The 18 articles were taken from the journal of Sinta accredited (the national index in Indonesia). The data is analyzed by determining the effect size value. The main finding of this study indicates that e-learning has a significant influence on VET learning. This result is obtained by measuring the average effect size value of 18 articles which is 0.344 0.25, categorized as a significant effect category. Another interesting finding is that the effect of e-learning in VET learning is only on the learning outcomes of particular theoretical and performance learning, increased motivation, and increased interest. For performance learning, not all can be accommodated by e-learning, only practical learning using computer and internet media such as digital simulation learning and WEB programming. Whereas in conventional performance/practical learning, e-learning cannot be used as the primary form of learning. The limitation of this study is the low number of studies on the use of e-learning in VET learning. As a result, this study provides a less broad representation. A meta-analysis on the effect of e-learning on VET learning is undoubtedly an exciting study. The reason is that almost all forms of VET learning are performance learning (practical learning). Therefore, e-learning in VET practical learning is a new study that can be developed.
Characterization and Hydrodynamic Evaluation of the Relationship between Permeability and Microstructure Parameters Ceramic Membranes for the Separation of Oil-in-water Emulsion
Authors: Aisueni Florence , Gobina Edward , Hashim Idris , Ogoun Evans
Published: May 2022

Ceramic membranes for wastewater treatment are usually fine filters prepared by sintering of alumina, titania or zirconia powders at ultra-high temperatures and have an asymmetric cross-section using the same material or a combination of the three giving a base support and an active layer forming the membrane. The Carman–Kozeny (C–K) and Hagen–Poiseuille (H–P) transport equations have been used to predict water permeability of ceramic membranes and can be adapted to take account of the effects of microstructural parameters (porosity, and tortuosity) of ceramic membranes on pure water flux. The hydrodynamics of the membranes were evaluated by gas transport to obtain equivalent water permeability which was then used to obtain the porosity and tortuosity respectively. Gas permeability experiments showed good correspondence with the calculated water flux. Characterization of the membranes was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging to determine the morphological aspects of the sample including shape and size of membranes while the electron diffraction with x-rays analysis (EDAX) was used to obtain information on the elemental composition.
Effect of Heat Treatments on the Corrosion Resistance of Carbon Steel Using Salt Water
Authors: Alsarraj Ghaidaa Ibraheem , Basheer Ekhlas Ahmed
Published: May 2022

The aim of this research is to study the corrosion behavior of carbon steel, because corrosion is common defects that occur to the devices and machinery after manufactured. Plain –carbon steel is considered as one of the most important minerals used in industrial applications. The direct effect on the corrosion behavior of steel is heat treatments because of galvanic corrosion which building up between its microscopic phases. In three methods carbon steel has been treated thermally which the hardening, normalizing, and annealing. Used salt water as corrosive media for a period of (30, 45, 60) days.  The steel contains chemical compounds to show its effect on the corrosion. To compare between the results and to determine corrosion rate used weight loss. The results obtained show that the lowest corrosion resistance is for the hardened steel and the corrosion resistance of the annealing steel is the greatest, while the corrosion  resistance of the normalized steel is in-between them.
From Conspicuous Consumption to Solidarity Consumption: Literature Review
Authors: Moustaid Fatima-Ezzahra , Lebzar Bouchra , Moisseron Jean-Yves
Published: May 2022

In high consumption societies, the so-called “traditional” consumption model is in crisis. It advocates ownership at the detriment of use and sharing, and it does not correlate with the specificity of the present time: major ecological challenges, unprecedented health, socio-economic crisis, and the rise of resistance to “mass consumption." This article attempts to analyze the decline of the “traditional” consumption model through consumption history, and it highlights different perspectives in the existing body of the literature with respect to the origin of solidarity consumption, and its genesis more particularly in the outbreak of COVID-19. The present article also analyzes the role of collaborative consumption in this process.
The Self-Study Process of a Scientist as She Delineated the Meaning of Scientific Inquiry and Developed a New Professional Identity as a Science Teacher Educator
Authors: Yang Jing , Buck Gayle Anne , Nageotte Nichole
Published: May 2022

With this article, we describe and analyze the experience of a scientist as she delineated the meaning of scientific inquiry and developed a new professional identity as a science teacher educator. Our inquiry adopted a self-study methodology with a variety of data sources, including sixteen-weeks of journal entries, critical friends’ meetings and reflections, video and audio-taped lessons and students’ artifacts. The self-study process captured her conflict between scientific inquiry in the classroom and her chemistry research. We captured three stages of her understanding of scientific inquiry. The idea of “authentic scientific novice research” finally resolved her conflicts. This study also revealed three factors that influenced the formation of her professional identity (i.e., competing identities, contextual influences, and personal struggles). This finding and resulting conclusions not only report the evolution of personal understanding, but also bring out the discussion of teacher educator development, especially for those transitioning to science education from natural sciences.
Effects of Educational Video Games on English Vocabulary Learning and Retention
Authors: Gunel Emre , Top Ercan
Published: May 2022

This study aims to integrate video games into classrooms not as a replacement for regular lessons but as supplementary materials under the teacher's supervision. To this extent, the researcher created an educational English learning video game specifically modeled on the students' real lives. Ninety-six middle school students, 48 in the control group and 48 in the experimental group, participated in the study. While follow-up activities were used in the control group and the regular classroom teaching, students in the experimental group played the educational game under the teacher's supervision with no follow-up activities. Pre, post, and retention achievement tests were applied to the students. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with 18 students from the experimental group. The results showed that the experimental group's vocabulary learning and retention were significantly higher than the control group. Also, the views of the students on English lessons and games based on their lives were promising. By considering the achievement test and students' views on the game developed, it can be said that the game in the study includes educational features as well as the basic features of the games.
Two galling insects (Hartigiola annulipes and Mikiola fagi), one host plant (Fagus sylvatica) – differences between leaf and gall chemical composition
Authors: Pilichowski Sebastian , Giertych Marian J.
Published: May 2022

Gall-inducing organisms change the chemical properties of galled organs and host plants due to the development of gall tissues that are supposed to shelter the galler and provide it with nutrients. Hartigiola annulipes and Mikiola fagi represent the gall midge family (Diptera; Cecidomyiidae). They share a host plant species, the common beech (Fagus sylvatica), whose leaves they use for galling. Their galls are single-chambered and occur on the upper side of the leaf blade. The morphologies of their galls are different, but there is a lack of studies comparing the impact of both species on the common host. Therefore, we analysed the total contents of carbon, nitrogen, soluble carbohydrates, starch, soluble phenolics and tannins in galls, galled leaves with removed galls and leaves without galls. Samples were collected in two different forest stands in western Poland (Scots pine forest with artificially planted beech trees and a natural beech forest). The influence of the studied gallers on the leaves is species- and forest-dependent. Perhaps seasonal changes and the level of infestation are also responsible for the chemical changes. The content of soluble carbohydrates in the galls of H. annulipes reaches an optimized level and is independent on the forest type. A high infestation level by H. annulipes is manifested itself in an elevated content of total soluble phenolics and tannins in leaves, while gall tissues do not accumulate soluble phenolics. The low levels of nitrogen in the gall tissues of both gallers leads to the rejection of the nutrition hypothesis; however, M. fagi galls act as sinks for soluble carbohydrates.
Keywords: plant galls, chemistry, gall midge, common beech, biochemistry
Estructura y proceso de composición de la Breve historia de la Orden de Nuestra Señora de la Merced de Felipe de Guimerán (1591).
Authors: Doñas Beleña Antonio
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo pretende reconstruir el proceso de composición de la Breve historia de la Orden de Nuestra Señora de Felipe de Guimerán, publicada en Valencia en 1591, a partir, fundamentalmente, de las afirmaciones del fraile mercedario en el prólogo a su obra. La composición de la Breve historia a partir de diferentes tipos de materiales, la estructura resultante y los diversos propósitos de Guimerán dan lugar a un texto de carácter híbrido, entre historiografía y literatura, que puede relacionarse con las misceláneas renacentistas.
Un enfoque de Seis Sigma para evaluar la calidad de la educación superior en Colombia
Authors: Delahoz-Domínguez Enrique , Zuluaga-Ortiz Rohemi , Periñan-Luna Arantxa , Mendoza-Brand Silvana
Published: May 2022

Las instituciones universitarias se enfrentan a retos de competitividad que se enmarcan en las exigencias de la sociedad, los cambios de preferencia de los estudiantes y la evolución tecnológica; esto plantea la necesidad de generar herramientas objetivas para la toma de decisiones que permitan identificar las instituciones que están aportando efectivamente a la formación de profesionales de alto nivel. En el presente trabajo se desarrolla una metodología bajo el enfoque Seis Sigma para medir el desempeño del sistema educativo. Ahora, para evaluar la metodología se utilizan datos del examen colombiano para la evaluación de la calidad en la educación superior para el área de Ingeniería. Los resultados muestran que el nivel sigma del sistema educativo colombiano se encuentra en Z= 2,17 y un rendimiento Y= 75%, lo cual dentro de los criterios establecidos en la investigación es considerado un nivel Aceptable. Como aporte significativo del estudio se presenta una estructura para la evaluación, monitoreo y mejoramiento de la de educación universitaria utilizando el enfoque Seis Sigma. La estructura propuesta es replicable y reproducible a cualquier entorno educativo donde se implementen exámenes estandarizados.
Yetkinliklere Dayalı İnsan Kaynakları Yönetiminin Türkiye Kamu Kurumları Bağlamında Mevcut Durumu
Authors: AYTEKİN İhsan
Published: May 2022

Kaynakların etkin ve verimli bir şekilde kullanılması örgütler açısından hayati bir öneme sahiptir. Günümüzde ise bu önem, özellikle kamu kurumları açısından giderek artmaktadır. Çünkü kamu kurumlarının sahip olduğu kaynaklar ile sunmakla yükümlü olduğu ürün ve hizmetler arasındaki açık giderek artmaktadır. Değişim hızının artması ile birlikte klasik uygulamaların, kaynakların etkin kullanımı noktasında yetersiz kalması ise daha etkin uygulamalara yönelimi artırmıştır. Bunun sonucunda kamu yönetimi anlayışı, giderek daha fazla özel sektöre benzeyerek kaynakların etkin ve verimli kullanılmasına odaklanmaya başlamıştır. Yeni kamu yönetimi yaklaşımı olarak ifade edilen bu yaklaşım, beraberinden insan kaynakları yönetimi yaklaşımında da bazı yenilikler getirmiştir. Örgütün temel kaynaklarından biri olan insan kaynaklarında, etkinlik ve verimliliği artırmaya dayalı bu yeni insan kaynakları yaklaşımının bir uygulaması da yetkinlik bazlı insan kaynakları yönetim ve uygulamalarıdır. Dünya genelinde oldukça yaygın olan yetkinlik bazlı insan kaynakları yaklaşımı, insan kaynaklarının temini, seçimi, geliştirilmesi ve performansının değerlendirilmesinde yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak Türkiye açısından bakıldığında, yetkinliklere dayalı insan kaynakları yönetimi konusunda kamu sektörünün geride kaldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada dünyada yetkinlik bazlı insan kaynakları uygulamaları ve Türkiye'nin bu konudaki konumu ele alınmıştır. Mevcut durumun analizine odaklanan bu çalışma ile kamu alanında yetkinlik bazlı insan kaynakları yönetimi ihtiyacı tanımlanmaya çalışılmış ve yapılması gerekenlere dair değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.