bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fescue Toxicosis Update/Bovine Hysteria from Ammoniated Forages Update
Authors: Miksch Duane
Published: March 2023

Fescue toxicity in cattle includes three distinct entities: fescue foot, fat necrosis and summer syndrome. Summer syndrome has a considerably greater economic impact than either of the other disorders. Summer syndrome denotes poor performance by cattle grazing tall fescue, especially notable during hot, humid weather. Signs include reduced feed consumption, decreased rate of gain and / or milk production, rough hair coat, increased respiratory rate, increased body temperature and general unthriftiness. Only summer syndrome has been positively associated with infection of tall fescue by the fungal endophyte, Acremonium coenophialum.Rare episodes of "crazy cattle" or "bovine bonkers" were reported from all over. Sometimes the syndrome appeared in cattle eating ammoniated feeds and in other instances it appeared in the calves nursing cows which were being fed ammoniated feeds. After several cases were investigated and compared, it was determined that the syndrome was related to what had occurred thirty years before when ammoniated molasses was fed to cattle. Ammoniated feedstuffs reported to have caused cattle bonkers include: forage sorghums, sudan hay, wheat hay, wheat straw, barley hay, oat hay, fescue hay , bromegrass hay , bermudagrass hay, orchardgrass hay, alfalfa hay and rice straw.
Adjusted Corrected Milk
Authors: Nordlund Ken
Published: March 2023

Production medicine programs need a better yardstick. Production medicine programs need a basic unit of measurement. We need something precise, something as discrete as an inch, a fetal membrane slip, or a beta-hemolytic zone.

It isn't that we don't have numbers. No, our OHi reports have plenty of numbers. We have rolling herd averages, standardized mature equivalents, and income over feed costs. We have heat detection indexes. That isn't the problem. The problem is that some of these numbers seem to lack immediacy, directness, and sometimes accuracy.

My purpose here is not to belittle. Rather, I want to comment on using average milk production per day as a monitor of response to production medicine programs.
Practical Water Evaluation for Dairy Cattle
Authors: Rodenburg Jack
Published: March 2023

Water is an essential component of the ration of all types of livestock. While most dairy farms have an ample supply of good quality water, bacterial contamination, high levels of dissolved minerals, or physical factors which restrict intake can cause health problems and reduce milk production.

Water consumption of cattle varies with body size, level of milk production, ambient temperature and intake of dry matter, protein salt and other minerals.
Impacts of Early Postpartum Metabolism on Follicular Development and Fertility
Authors: Britt Jack H.
Published: March 2023

High producing dairy cows often experience low rates of conception during the target breeding period of 60 to 120 d postpartum (Faust et al., 1988; Harrison et al., 1990). Low fertility is costly for dairy producers because of extra expenditures for semen and insemination and because of reduced income from excessive days open (Britt, 1985). Cows that fail to conceive to AI between 60 and 120 d postpartum often are bred to clean-up bulls of unknown genetic merit. This not only affects long-range potential income for producers, but it reduces the number of records available for AI progeny testing programs.

Review of experimental data and careful study of published papers reveal that not all high producing healthy cows experience low fertility during the breeding period (Butler and Smith, 1989; Fonseca et al.,1983; Helmer and Britt, 1986; Staples et al.,1990). On a within-herd basis, the association between level of production and fertility is often weak (Fonseca et al., 1983). This leads one to suspect that factors other than high production per se are responsible for low fertility. It is with this concept in mind that we have begun to examine various biological pathways that might account for differences in fertility in otherwise healthy high-producing cows.

This paper will focus on one potential pathway namely the latent effect of early postpartum metabolism on quality of follicles destined to ovulate during the breeding period. Such follicles influence fertility in two ways: 1) through the quality grade or viability of the ovulated oocytes, and 2) through the amount of progesterone secreted by corpora lutea (CL) formed from these follicles (Fonseca et al., 1983). This paper examines the possibility that quality of a follicle is dependent on the conditions under which it begins its initial development many weeks prior to ovulation.
Nutritional Management of the Late Pregnant Dry Cow with Particular Reference to Dietary Cation-Anion Difference and Calcium Supplementation
Authors: Beede D. K. , Risco C. A. , Donovan G. A. , Wang C. , Archibald L. F. , Sanchez W. K.
Published: March 2023

All too often the dry pregnant cow is the most neglected creature on the dairy because she is not contributing to current cash flow and profit. It is commonly accepted that the milk yield peak the cow achieves in early lactation, to a large extent, influences her total lactational yield. Proper management of the late pregnant dry cow period should be portrayed to dairy producers as an investment in the future; an investment targeted towards achievement of maximal lactational and reproductive performance in the next lactation. Nutritional management strategies should be implemented during the last 3 to 4 weeks of pregnancy that can help ensure a high return on that investment postpartum. In recent years one such potential strategy, incorporation of the cation-anion difference concept into formulation of diets for cows in late gestation, has been reported and application is occurring in some commercial dairies.
Hoflund's Syndrome
Authors: Rehage J. , Stockhofe-Zurwieden N. , Kaske M. , Yalzin E.
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate whether a failure in the ability to retain selectively particles in the reticule-rumen plays a role in the pathogenesis of HOFLUND's syndrome.
Colostrum
Authors: McGuirk Sheila M.
Published: March 2023

Despite increasing awareness of the importance of passive immunity in calves to reduce disease prevalence, morbidity from calfhood diseases, days to first illness, sick days, days of viral shedding, viremia, growth and productivity(l-6), 20 to 30% of neonates will be hypo- or agammaglobulinemic. Failure of passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulins (FPT) occurs when there is a problem with 1 or more of the 3 phases of passive transfer: formation of colostrum with a high concentration of immunoglobulin, ingestion of an adequate volume of colostrum by the calf in a timely fashion, or efficient absorption of colostral immunoglobulin. Some calves with FPT are healthy and productive neonates, which is a reflection of the importance of other factors including environmental conditions, management practices, pathogen load, pathogen virulence, and nutrition of the calf in addition to acquisition of passive immunity. There is general acceptance that failure of passive transfer exists when calves between 36 and 48 hours of age have serum immunoglobulin concentrations less than 1000 mg/di. Individual calf problems can occur when its serum immunoglobulin concentration is below 1000 mg/di; herd problems occur with increased prevalence of scours and respiratory disease occur when large numbers of calves have FPT.
Recognizing and Managing Infectious Causes of Lameness in Cattle
Authors: Guard Charles
Published: March 2023

Lameness in cattle is a common condition that can result in significant economic loss to a producer through a variety of mechanisms. Lame cows do not eat as much as healthy cows and thus produce less milk or less gain. They may become anestrous. Furthermore, they may be prematurely culled due to low milk production, delayed conception or emergency slaughter.
Epidemiological Evaluation of Breeding Soundness Examinations in Beef Bulls
Authors: Johnson Kammy R. , Dewey Cate E.
Published: March 2023

Breeding soundness is a crucial criterion when selecting or maintaining bulls for breeding stock. The breeding soundness examination (BSE) is a commonly used tool for bull selection, retention, and usage in beef herds and artificial insemination centers. Ten to twenty percent of bulls evaluated fail the BSE according to the criteria previously set forth by the Society for Theriogenology.
Otitis Media in Dairy Calves
Authors: DeChant G. M. , Donovan G. A.
Published: March 2023

A large dairy herd in north-central Florida has observed otitis media in their pre-weaned heifer calves. The initial clinical sign of otitis media was facial paralysis, presenting as ear droop and epiphora. Affected calves sometimes developed ataxia and other severe neurologic signs indicating a progression of the infection to otitis interna and meningitis.
Prepartum Nutrition
Authors: Van Saun Robert J.
Published: March 2023

To fully appreciate the role of prepartum nutrition on metabolic incidence, one needs to understand the tremendous metabolic changes which take place during late gestation in preparation for impending lactation and how diet may influence these changes. The objectives of this presentation are: first, present an overview of maternal metabolic changes necessary to transition from pregnancy into lactation; second, discuss the role of prepartum energy, protein and mineral nutrition and how this impacts on metabolic disease incidence; and third, present a modified method of assessing the role of nutritional status in metabolic disease problems.
Cattle and the Petroleum Industry
Authors: Waldner Cheryl
Published: March 2023

Veterinarians are occasionally called upon to investigate concerns from cattle producers who feel they have suffered economic losses resulting from the effects of industrial activity on the health and productivity of their livestock operation. The following is an introduction to some of the problems that can occasionally result from the close proximity of cattle to petrochemical activities. Some strategies for investigating these types of problems are also suggested. Peer-reviewed experimental or observational field studies of the effects of the petroleum industry on livestock are very limited. The available literature consists of scattered case reports, reviews of these case reports, a few small experimental dosing studies in cattle, experimental results extrapolated from other species, and observational reports from the "gray literature" of conference proceedings and environmental accidents or complaint investigations.

This paper is intended as a brief introduction for the practicing veterinarian called to investigate petroleum related complaints. It is not intended to be an exhaustive review of the available material. A more detailed presentation of the potential hazards to livestock from the oil and gas industry has recently been released by the Alberta Cattle Commission.1
Many Causes of Down Cows
Authors: Cox V. S. , Onapito J. S.
Published: March 2023

The down cow is a diagnostic challenge because of the multiplicity of factors which can lead to the same general presentation. Recumbency itself makes examination more difficult due to the bulk and weight of modern dairy cows. The superimposition of several causes in a single case make the order of events and the relative importance of various factors difficult or impossible to sort out. On post mortem examination secondary ischemia and muscle tearing, dislocations and fractures may be readily apparent while primary causes remain elusive.
Prevention and Treatment of Down Cows
Authors: Cox V. S. , Farmsworth R. J.
Published: March 2023

The point where a down cow is no longer considered to be down temporarily but has become a "real" downer is at best arbitrary. Therefore, the line between prevention and treatment is also arbitrary. This terminology matter is only an academic issue, but it is useful to point out a general principle. That is: many of the measures used to prevent downers are the same ones used to manage downers in order to prevent them from getting worse and thereby provide time for healing. The major management tools1 for both prevention and treatment are:1. Providing a good non-slip surface to make it possible for cows to stand unassisted whenever possible.2. Providing a means to minimize compression damage due to recumbency. The 2 main tools here are comfortable and clean bedding and a variety of lifting or support methods.

Prevention and treatment of the primary causes of recumbency per se are beyond the scope of this paper and will be covered in detail by other participants. Much can be done to prevent metabolic problems by good dry cow dietary management, but the more mundane matter of providing a safe environment for calving is often overlooked.
Claw diseases
Authors: Bergsten Christer , Hancock Dale D. , Gay John M. , Gay Clive C. , Fox Lawrence K.
Published: March 2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate the dynamics of digital lesions over time as observed at regular foot trimming of the herd and at treatment of acute individual lameness cases. The relationships between claw disease groups (e.g. infectious and laminitis related), cow risk factors, and the possible influence on the animals' performance were of special interest.
Influence of Concentrate Feeding Frequency and Intrinsic Factors on Diurnal Variations of Blood Metabolites in Dairy Cows
Authors: Eicher Richard , Liesegang Annette , Bouchard Emile , Tremblay Armand
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the concentrate feeding frequency and some intrinsic factors on the diurnal variations of the blood metabolites glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, urea nitrogen, non-esterified fatty acids, cholesterol and total protein in two herds with different concentrate feeding frequencies. These informations should yield knowledge for a better standardization of the sampling procedure when biochemical analyzes are to be used as diagnostic aids.
AN EXPLORATION OF THE POTENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS LIVER CIRRHOSIS DUE TO ALCOHOLISM AMONG COMMERCIALS AUTO DRIVERS IN BENGALURU SOUTH REGION THROUGH VAT PROGRAM - A PRE-EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
Authors:   Community Health Officer, NHM, Govt: of Tripura, India., Sinha Sourav , Shil Rahul ,   Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Medical & Surgical Nursing (Neuroscience), ISDC UK, India Branch, Karnataka, India.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: In recent years, liver disease has been responsible for about 2 million fatalities worldwide, with 1 million of such deaths resulting from cirrhosis complications and 1 million each from viral hepatitis and hepatocellular cancer. The National Institutes of Health estimates that alcohol use may be accountable for 10,000 to 24,000 deaths from cirrhosis per year. According to the most recent WHO data, 184,193 people in India died from liver disease in 2018, accounting for 3.0% of all fatalities. The issue of whether or not commercial car drivers are aware of liver cirrhosis brought on by alcoholism still exists because there is a shortage of awareness on the condition. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the knowledge and attitude toward liver cirrhosis due to alcoholism. Methodology: A pre-experimental study with one group pre-test and post-test design was undertaken to conduct the study from 20 august to 30 October using a simple random sampling technique. The study involved 60 commercial vehicle drivers who completed a standardized knowledge assessment and an attitude scale. Pen and paper were used to collect the data, which was then exported for additional analysis into SPSS version 20.0. The descriptive statistics were presented with mean standard deviation, frequency and percentage. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test. The chi-square analysis was used to check the association. Results: The study revealed that 46 drivers (76.7%) had inadequate knowledge, 14 drivers (23.3%) had moderate knowledge whereas none of them had adequate level of knowledge towards liver cirrhosis. And regarding assessment of attitude, data findings showed that that 40 (66.7%) of the participant had unfavorable attitude, 20 (33.3%) of them had neutral favorable attitude whereas none of them had favorable attitude regarding cirrhosis ofliver. The paired t test was carried out and it was found out invariably significant at p<0.05 level in both knowledge and attitude level with demographic variables. Conclusion: Our data suggest thatcommercial auto drivers have significantly less knowledge regarding liver cirrhosis due to alcohol consumption and also, they are showing a poor attitude towards liver cirrhosis as a major problem. So, it is very important to make sure that the commercial drivers including auto drivers should know about the health hazards related to alcoholism and also to reduce road accidents and unwanted behaviors. Our findings will support the stakeholders, auto rikshaw union leaders, and government policymakers to make a significant decision to improve public knowledge related to alcohol-related health problems.
Development and optimization of the dye removal process byTrichoderma reeseiusing starch effluent as a growth supplement
Authors: Kalia Shweta , Samuchiwal Saurabh , Dhaka Vidushi , Malik Anushree
Published: March 2023

The textile industry generates enormous starch effluent from the desizing process that can be utilized as a nutrient source for fungal growth and simultaneous dye decolorization. In the present study, Trichoderma reesei was used as a potential fungal isolate for the decolorization of reactive dyes using a minimal salt media for growth. The dye removal of Reactive blue 13, Reactive red 198, Reactive yellow 176, and Reactive black 5 were 95.35, 88.17, 86.01, and 94.84 mg L−1, respectively, by fungal biomass at 100 mg L−1 of initial dye concentration in 48 h was achieved. T. reesei showed decolorization of dyes at initial concentrations upto 500 mg L−1 with high dye uptake capacity. The glucose (5 g L−1) and yeast extracts (2.5 g L−1) were optimal for maximum dye decolorization. The utilization of starch effluent as an alternative nutrient source supplemented with 3.5 g L−1 glucose as growth media by T. reesei showed >85% of decolorization of Reactive blue 13 (100–200 mg L−1). Thus, starch effluent could be partially supplemented with glucose to support fungal growth and dye decolorization, eliminating the requirement of minimal salts for dye decolorization that follows a sustainable approach.
A data quality assessment framework for drinking water distribution system water quality time series datasets
Authors: Gleeson Killian , Husband Stewart , Gaffney John , Boxall Joby
Published: March 2023

The derivation of information from monitoring drinking water quality at high spatiotemporal resolution as it passes through complex, ageing distribution systems is limited by the variable data quality from the sensitive scientific instruments necessary. A framework is developed to overcome this. Application to three extensive real-world datasets, consisting of 92 multi-parameter water quality time series of data taken from different hardware configurations, shows how the algorithms can provide quality-assured data and actionable insight. Focussing on turbidity and chlorine, the framework consists of three steps to bridge the gap between data and information; firstly, an automated rule-based data quality assessment is developed and applied to each water quality sensor, then, cross-correlation is used to determine spatiotemporal relationships and finally, spatiotemporal information enables multi-sensor data quality validation. The framework provides a method to achieve automated data quality assurance, applicable to both historic and online datasets, such that insight and actionable insight can be gained to help ensure the supply of safe, clean drinking water to protect public health.
GTAR: a new ensemble evolutionary autoregressive approach to model dissolved organic carbon
Authors: Danandeh Mehr Ali , Marttila Hannu , Haghighi Ali Torabi , Croghan Danny , Fathollahzadeh Attar Nasrin
Published: March 2023

This article explores the forecasting capabilities of three classic linear and nonlinear autoregressive modeling techniques and proposes a new ensemble evolutionary time series approach to model and forecast daily dynamics in stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The model used data from the Oulankajoki River basin, a boreal catchment in Northern Finland. The models that were evolved used both accuracy and parsimony measures including autoregressive (AR), vector autoregressive (VAR), and self-exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR). The new method, called genetic-based SETAR (GTAR), evolved through the integration of state-of-the-art genetic programming with SETAR. To develop the models, high-resolution DOC concentration and daily streamflow (as the external input for VAR) were measured at the same gauging station throughout the ice free season. The results showed that all the models characterize the DOC dynamics with an acceptable 1-day-ahead forecasting accuracy. Use of the streamflow time series as an exogenous variable did not increase the predictive accuracy of AR models. Moreover, the hybrid GTAR provided the best accuracy for the holdout testing data and proved to be a suitable approach for predicting DOC in boreal conditions.
Wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 airport surveillance: key trends at the Cape Town International Airport
Authors: Nkambule Sizwe , Johnson Rabia , Mathee Angela , Mahlangeni Nomfundo , Webster Candice , Horn Suranie , Mangwana Noluxabiso , Dias Stephanie , Sharma Jyoti Rajan , Ramharack Pritika , Louw Johan , Reddy Tarylee , Surujlal-Naicker Swastika , Mdhluli Mongezi , Gray Glenda , Muller Christo , Street Renee
Published: March 2023

Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater has revealed the role of mobility in the transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and the surveillance of airport wastewater in cities across the world has demonstrated how travel entry points can give an indication of trends in transmission. This study undertook wastewater surveillance at the Cape Town International Airport (CTIA) to assess the use of a WBE approach to provide supplementary information on the presence of COVID-19 at a key air travel entry point in South Africa. Grab wastewater samples (n = 55) were collected from the CTIA wastewater pump station and analysed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method. The study found a correlation between the wastewater data and clinical cases reported in the City of Cape Town during various time periods and during the peak of a COVID-19 wave. Highly elevated viral loads in the wastewater were observed at times there was increased mobility through the airport. The study also revealed elevated viral load levels at the airport despite the stricter restrictions and through the lower restrictions. The study findings indicate wastewater surveillance and airports can provide supplementary information to airport authorities to assess the impacts of imposed travel restrictions.
What Cannot Be Deconstructed? Truth
Authors: Kozak Piotr
Published: March 2023

In this paper, I discuss the interpretation of the method of deconstruction in David J. Gunkel’s Deconstruction (MIT Press 2021). I focus on the relationship between deconstruction and truth. I hold that the concept of truth is indispensable for deconstruction since truth introduces correctness conditions for the deconstructive method. However, I claim that truth, being essential and primitive for deconstruction, is fundamentally inaccessible for being analyzed by the latter.

-------------------------

Received: 19/10/2022. Reviewed: 13/12/2022. Accepted: 20/12/2022.
Cationic Ruthenium for C-H Activation Reactions
Authors: Purohit Priyank
Published: March 2023

C-C bond formation in a regiospecific and atom economic manner has been a challenge,
which was tried to be resolved through directing group and organometals-based C-H
activation strategy. The C-H activation and its advantages are well explored in the field of
organic chemistry, with the relevant mechanistic approach of the regioselective C-H activation
of the aryl group. Organometals like Ru, Pd, Pt, Ni, etc. have been best discovered for the
innate C-H activation where the pre-activation of the inert C-H bond was not found necessary.
In the progress of these reactions through organometals, the various forms of ruthenium have
been tried with the different directing groups as well as the substrate. Here in we are focusing
mainly on cationic ruthenium, and its use in the C-H activation. The cationic ruthenium
shows unique characteristics like reactivity with an inert substrate, which is been highlighted
here in the examples. The formation and its, mechanistic role is also exemplified with the diagrammed representation
of C-H activation and its catalytic cycle. The application of the cationic ruthenium will give complete
knowledge about cationic ruthenium and its application in C-H activation.
Chemistry of Thieno[2,3-c]quinoline Derivatives Part (VII), Reactivities, and Biological Activities
Authors: Gouda Moustafa A. , Alansari Rayan M. , Abu-Hashem Ameen A. , El-Gazzar Abdel-Rahman B.A. , Abdelgawad Ahmed A.M. , Salem Mohammed A.
Published: March 2023

In this review, numerous thieno[2,3-c]quinoline derivatives (TQs2, 3-c) are presented from
a variety of angles, including various preparation and processing techniques, using cutting-edge
equipment. Numerous chemical processes in this review demonstrate how (TQs2, 3-c) were made
from arylamines, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and other chemical reagents. The amidation,
tandem C-C and C-N bond creation accelerated by palladium, Vilsmeier reaction, and Pictet-Spengler
chemical reactions were used to shed light on how (TQs2, 3-c) was made.
Current Advances in Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Fani Nesa , Moradi Maryam , Zavari Roxana , Parvizpour Farzad , Soltani Adele , Arabpour Zohreh , Jafarian Arefeh
Published: March 2023

Treating chronic wounds is a common and costly challenge worldwide. More advanced treatments
are needed to improve wound healing and prevent severe complications such as infection and amputation.
Like other medical fields, there have been advances in new technologies promoting wound healing
potential.

:

Regenerative medicine as a new method has aroused hope in treating chronic wounds. The technology
improving wound healing includes using customizable matrices based on synthetic and natural polymers,
different types of autologous and allogeneic cells at different differentiation phases, small molecules,
peptides, and proteins as a growth factor, RNA interference, and gene therapy. In the last decade, various
types of wound dressings have been designed. Emerging dressings include a variety of interactive/
bioactive dressings and tissue-engineering skin options. However, there is still no suitable and effective
dressing to treat all chronic wounds.

:

This article reviews different wounds and common treatments, advanced technologies and wound dressings,
the advanced wound care market, and some interactive/bioactive wound dressings in the market.
Anlotinib Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic
Leukemia by Targeting the BTK and AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Shi Xiaowei , Li Shuangyue , Tang Shanhao , Lu Ying
Published: March 2023

Background:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the second most common acute leukemia in adults,
whose known drug treatments are limited and expensive.

Objective:

This investigation aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of anlotinib in B-cell acute lymphoblastic
leukemia (B-ALL).

Methods:

The B-ALL cell lines Nalm-6 and BALL-1 were used to verify the therapeutic potential of anlotinib in BALL.
The cell activity was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double
staining combined with flow cytometry. Afterward, the binding capacity of anlotinib to the critical protein was predicted
by molecular docking, and the protein changes in the related pathways downstream of the target proteins were verified
by western blot. Finally, the effect of anlotinib on the survival rate was verified in B-ALL nude mice.

Results:

Anlotinib inhibited the proliferation of the B-ALL cell lines, Nalm-6, and BALL-1, and promoted apoptosis.
Molecular docking results showed that it had the potential binding ability to BTK. Western blot revealed that anlotinib
was able to inhibit the phosphorylation of BTK, AKT, and mTOR, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of B-ALL cells.
In addition, anlotinib suppressed weight loss and prolonged the survival time of mice.

Conclusion:

To summarize, anlotinib can inhibit the proliferation of B-ALL and promotes apoptosis by inhibiting the
phosphorylation of BTK and AKT, and mTOR.
Pharmacology, Ethnopharmacology, and Phytochemistry of Medicinally
Active Moringa oleifera: A Review
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Sharma Shikha
Published: March 2023

Moringa oleifera (MO), which belongs to the family Moringaceae, is a significant medicinal
plant that is also one of the species farmed in the greatest quantity worldwide. All its components, including
its leaves, roots, seeds, flowers, bark, stems, and green pods, have a wide range of medicinal properties
and are exceptionally high in nutritional content. Some of the important medicinal properties of the
plant include anticancer, antiasthmatic, antipyretic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerative, cholesterol-
lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, CNS depressant, antibacterial, antifungal,
anthelmintic, antibiotic, analgesic, antimalarial, antispasmodic, etc. Its nutritional value is attributed
to the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, α-carotene, and various
phenolic compounds. The purpose of this review is to present a synopsis of the ethnobotany, nutritive,
and phytochemical profiles of various parts as well as the pharmacological properties of MO, with a particular
emphasis on the several processes that are responsible for its multispectral activity. Additionally, it
highlights studies on the safety profile, medication interactions, and relevant clinical trials. MO is used in
pharmaceutics as an active extract in metallic nanoparticles and as an excipient in different pharmaceutical
products. Other applications related to its water-purifying features, such as biodiesel, biogas, and biopesticide,
are also discussed in the present article. Thus, the review provides necessary information proving
that each part of MO has beneficial effects, and the plant can be studied extensively for many research
aspects.
A Comprehensive Review on the Anti-inflammatory Activity of Chalconesderived
Moieties
Authors: Mittal Roopal , Sharma Shailesh , Kushwah Ajay Singh , Yaqoob Obaid , Kumari Deepika
Published: March 2023

Background:

In recent decades, all-embracing research accounting for thousands of natural
bioactive compounds have been detailed on behalf of their origin, pharmacological activity, active
phytoconstituents, and therapeutic applications. Chalcones, secondary metabolites have shown
therapeutic potential against various forms of inflammation, pain, and cancer in multiple research
papers targeting their pathway inhibition and their significant therapeutic activity.

Area Covered:

Diverse aspects of chalcones have been focused on with their biological source,
pathway inhibition, and pharmacological activity.

Objectives:

This study aims to focus on the chalcones being the origin of ethnopharmacological, possess
extensive pharmacological activities, including anti-neoplastic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant, anti-acne, anti-aging, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, psychoactive, anti-parasitic,
and many others.

Method:

Chalcones display anti-inflammatory activity via COX-2, NO synthase, and TNF-α inhibition.
Furthermore, comprehensive studies will be discussed with a viewpoint of the chalcones’s role
in the alleviation of inflammation. According to recent advancements, chalcones clinically have been
used in the treatment of inflammation, anti-aging, oxidative stress reduction, autophagy, and apoptosis.

Conclusion:

This article focuses on the molecular progression of inflammation and the chalcone role in combating inflammation by targeting inflammatory mediators and pathways.
Novel Polymer Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Designing and Cost-effective Biomedical Applications
Authors: Meera A. P. , Pillai Reshma R. , Sreelekshmi P. B.
Published: March 2023

The design of materials for various biomedical applications is truly
challenging since it demands exceptional characteristics such as biocompatibility,
biodegradability, non-cytotoxicity, adequate strength, etc. Several strategies have been
developed for the synthesis of nanoparticles based on chemical methods. However, the
toxicity limits their applications in biological systems. So researchers are looking for
materials that can fulfill green criteria in the sense that they should be renewable,
harmless to human health, and environment friendly. Recently, the evolution of
nanomedicine led to explore the possibilities of different types of nanomaterials in
various applications. Nanoscale polymeric materials and polymer nanocomposites have
already proved their versatility in various biomedical applications. This chapter
presents a brief overview of the potential of biobased nanomaterials and nanofillers
such as metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite, nanotubes, graphene,
chitin whiskers, lignin, nano cellulose, etc. and their pros and cons when used in the
biomedical field. Bio-based polymers are promising candidates for the next generation
nanocomposite materials due to their multi-functionality, renewability, low toxicity and
excellent biocompatibility. The chapter begins with the state of the art including the
recent developments in the biomedical field and finally, the challenges and future
potential of various nanoparticles and polymer nanocomposites are also discussed.
Recent Developments of Graphene-Based Nanotechnology towards Energy and Environment
Authors: Mantry Swarna P. , Chakroborty Subhendu , Unnamatla M. V. B.
Published: March 2023

In recent decades, graphene nanotechnology has emerged as an escalating
field of research owing to the excellent physicochemical properties of graphene.
Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb-like structure, has
shown potential utility in multifarious sectors of science and technology such as
energy, biomedical engineering, wastewater treatment, environmental pollution, etc.
Graphene and its composites have been extensively used as electrode materials in
energy storage devices such as Lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and metal-air batteries. In
addition, graphene-based materials have emerged as potential electrodes material for
fuel cells, thereby contributing to a low-carbon economy. Graphene gave a new
dimension to electronic industries by replacing the conventionally used material i.e.,
Silicon (Si) in electronic devices. Moreover, the tunable surface area, functionalization,
hydrophilicity, and strong π- π interaction properties of graphene prove its potential
applications in medical and environmental science and technology. Recently,
graphene-based adsorbents, membranes, and catalysts provide a simple, low-cost, and
efficient water and wastewater treatment method. The materials not only detect but also
remove various pollutants from wastewater even at very low concentrations. However,
due to its extremely small size in devices and components, it is difficult to handle
graphene in real applications. Graphene nanotechnology enables the researcher to
unfold new properties and functions of graphene in the nanoscale realm providing
solutions to unresolved issues related to the health care systems, energy demand, and
environmental pollution. These materials not only enhance efficiency but also cause a
paradigm shift in many applications. This book chapter sheds light on the earlier
investigations, current progress, and future perspective of graphene-based
nanotechnology.
Introduction To Machine Learning
Authors: Chopra Deepti , Khurana Roopal
Published: March 2023

Machine Learning is referred to as the subset of Artificial Intelligence. It
involves a machine being learned without programming it explicitly. In Machine
Learning, machines try to improve their performance with the help of past experiences
or by using training examples. The following chapter discusses Machine Learning,
Selection of training set, Selection of target function, Selection of Function
Approximation Algorithm, Perspectives and issues involved while building a machine
learning system,In-sample and Out-of-sample error and Applications of Machine
Learning.
Linear Regression and Logistic Regression
Authors: Chopra Deepti , Khurana Roopal
Published: March 2023

Supervised learning is a machine learning task of mapping the input to the
output on the basis of labeled input-output example pairs. Supervised learning may be
of two types: classification and regression. In this chapter, we will discuss linear
regression in one variable, linear regression in multiple variables, gradient descent, and
polynomial regression.
Supervised Learning
Authors: Chopra Deepti , Khurana Roopal
Published: March 2023

Supervised learning involves training using well “labelled” training data, and on the basis of the training data, machines are able to predict the output. The labelled data means that the correct output is attached along with the corresponding input data. In supervised learning, as the name suggests, the training data acts as the supervisor and provides training to the machine to predict the correct output. This chapter discusses Statistical Decision Theory, Gaussian & Normal Distribution, Conditionally Independent Binary Components, Learning Beliefs Network and Nearest-Neighbour Methods.
Theory of Generalisation
Authors: Chopra Deepti , Khurana Roopal
Published: March 2023

Unsupervised learning is a kind of machine learning algorithm that can be
used to draw useful conclusions without the presence of labeled responses in the input
data. In the previous chapter, we discussed clustering (k-means clustering, hierarchical
clustering) and Principal Component Analysis. In this chapter, we will discuss training
versus testing, bounding the testing error, and the VC dimension.
Nisin: Prerequisites and Prospects for Application in the Medical Field
Authors: Knysh Oksana , Martynov Artur
Published: March 2023

Nisin is a typical representative of class I bacteriocins belonging to subtype A1 lantibiotics. This lantibiotic is produced by gram-positive bacteria of the genera Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Blautia. Currently, at least twelve natural variants of nisin are known. They differ in some physicochemical properties and biological activity. Nisin is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and has been used as a food additive for seven decades. The current review presents the data from scientific reports over the past decade supporting the value of this lantibiotic as a therapeutic agent. Most research works demonstrate a high inhibitory potential of nisin against antibiotic-resistant bacteria when using alone and in combination with antibiotics. A number of studies prove the ability of nisin to modulate the composition of oral and intestinal microbiomes, to inhibit the growth of both bacteria causing infectious processes and bacterial pathogens associated with cancer. Nisin has been shown to have its own antitumor potential and to be able to enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. There is convincing evidence of its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity. The reasons limiting its widespread application in clinical practice can be successfully eliminated via modern bioengineering technologies that improve the functional characteristics and stability of nisin in various physiological conditions.
Pristup bolesniku s akutnom perifernom vrtoglavicom
Authors: Radobuljac Katarina , Vuletić Vladimira , Šepić Tatjana , Čuš Nina , Maržić Diana
Published: March 2023

Vrtoglavica i omaglica jedni su od najčešćih razloga zbog kojih bolesnici traže liječničku pomoć te su uzrok otprilike 3,5 % svih posjeta hitnoj medicinskoj službi. Veoma je bitno prepoznati životno ugrožavajuće vrtoglavice, koje zahtijevaju neposredno zbrinjavanje, te ih razlikovati od „benignih“, samolimitirajućih stanja. Upravo stoga bolesnici s akutnom vrtoglavicom često predstavljaju dijagnostički i terapijski izazov nadležnom liječniku. Aktualan pristup bolesniku s akutnom vrtoglavicom ne uzima u obzir samo kvalitetu simptoma, već stavlja naglasak i na vrijeme nastanka tegoba, trajanje, provokacijske čimbenike, prateće simptome i informacije o potencijalnim prijašnjim epizodama. S obzirom na vrijeme trajanja simptoma i provokacijske čimbenike, akutne vrtoglavice možemo svrstati u tri skupine: akutni (jednokratni) vestibularni sindrom, spontani povratni vestibularni sindrom i izazvani povratni vestibularni sindrom. Akutni vestibularni sindrom (AVS) označava iznenadnu pojavu vrtoglavice koja traje dulje od 24 sata, povezan je s mučninom, povraćanjem, nestabilnošću i nistagmusom, a simptomi su dodatno pogoršani pokretima glave. Razni središnji i periferni uzroci mogu potaknuti nastanak AVS-a, od kojih su najčešći vestibularni neuronitis (VN) i moždani udar stražnje cirkulacije. Kao moćan alat za prepoznavanje perifernog vestibularnog sindroma i moždanog udara u literaturi se zadnjih godina zagovara HINTS (engl. Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew) plus protokol. Najčešći uzroci perifernog vestibularnog sindroma su benigni paroksizmalni pozicijski vertigo (BPPV), vestibularni neuronitis i Ménièreova bolest. U ovom članku donosimo pregled novijih pristupa koji pomažu u lakšem i bržem razlikovanju „benignih“ od ugrožavajućih oblika vrtoglavica, suvremenog liječenja, kao i pregled najčešćih perifernih vrtoglavica.
Loculated Pneumothorax in COVID-19 Patient – A Case Report
Authors: Posavec Anja Ljilja , Rezic Tanja
Published: March 2023

Aim: Loculated pneumothorax and multilocular cystic lung lesions are rare complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19 infection. In this case report we wanted to emphasize that not only mechanically ventilated patients are at increased risk of pneumothorax and cystic lung lesions. Those lesions can also be found in non-ventilated patients. Case report: We present a case report of a 52-year-old man who was hospitalized because of COVID-19 pneumonia. MSCT pulmonary angiography revealed ground glass opacities, multilocular cystic lesions and loculated pneumothorax. On followup computerized tomography examination in an outpatient hospital two months later, there was a significant regression of the lung parenchymal ground glass opacities, as well as the regression of the cystic lesions with residual fluid-filled lesion in the oblique interlobar fissure. Conclusion: Only few case reports have been published on this specific lung pathology in COVID-19 disease. Increased incidence of complications such as pneumothorax in COVID-19 pneumonia is common, but physicians should also be aware of the possibility of other lung pathologies such as loculated pneumothorax and multilocular cystic lesions which can present not only in mechanically ventilated patients.
Управление хаотическими темными диссипативными солитонами огибающей в активном кольцевом резонаторе на основе магнонного кристалла с динамическим дефектом
Authors: Бир А.С. , Романенко Д.В. , Скороходов В.Н. , Никитов С.А. , Гришин С.В.
Published: March 2023

Dynamic control of chaotic dark dissipative envelope solitons in a microwave active ring resona-tor containing two nonlinear elements: a one-dimensional magnonic crystal (MC) with a dynamic linear defect and a transistor amplifier is performed. Dissipative envelope solitons are formed on a long-wavelength surface magnetostatic wave propagating in the MC and parametrically de-caying into short-wavelength spin waves. A constant electric current flowing through a copper conductor creates a dynamic linear defect along the longitudinal axis of the MC and controls the duty factor of the generated parametric pulses only at the MC forbidden frequency.
Влияние старения в мартенсите на ориентационную зависимость предела текучести B2-фазы и эффект памяти формы в монокристаллах сплава Ti-40Ni-10Cu
Authors: Киреева И.В. , Чумляков Ю.И. , Победенная З.В. , Марченко Е.C.
Published: March 2023

For the [001]-and [-123] -oriented single crystals of the Ti–40Ni–10Cu alloy, it was shown for the first time that martensite ageing at 250 MPa leads to a strong orientation dependence of the B2-phase yield stress under tension, which is weakly manifested in the initial crystals. The maximum increase in the B2-phase yield stress by 350 MPa compared with the initial state was found in the [001]-oriented crystals. At external tensile stresses of 100 MPa, the shape memory effect in [001]-oriented crystals was 4±0.2% in the initial state and increased to 5±0.2% after martensite ageing, while in [-123] orientation, on the contrary, it decreased from 8.7±0.2% to 5.4±0.2%.
Групповые ионно-водные взаимодействия в водных растворах Na-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-SO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- и K-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-SO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Морозова Л.А. , Савельев С.В.
Published: March 2023

In this work, for the first time, studies of aqueous solutions of Na2SO4 and K2SO4 were carried out based on the determination of the parameters of radiothermal radiation in the millimeter (mm) region of the spectrum. The developed method is based on the determination of the static dielectric constant of aqueous solutions - the absorption coefficient at a frequency of 61.2 GHz. Experimental data have been obtained to determine the value of the absorption coefficients of aqueous solutions of substances in a wide range of concentrations. A monotonous increase in the values of the absorption coefficients of solutions with a decrease in the concentration of base substances in the region of high dilutions was established with individual dynamics for each base substance. The changes in the dielectric constant recorded in the experiments reflect the total hydration changes in salt solutions outside the first hydration shell.
Adsorption of Rhodamine-B (RhB) and Regeneration of MCM-41 Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Barbosa Barros Thiago Rodrigo , Silva Batista Barbosa Thianne , Lins Almeida Barbosa Tellys , Freire Rodrigues Meiry Gláucia
Published: March 2023

Rhodamine (RhB) adsorption was carried out on MCM-41 and MCM-41 calcined. The effect of parameters such as pH was investigated. The reusability potential of MCM-41 was also established and the mechanism of RhB adsorption was discussed. MCM-41 was synthesized and calcined, with all samples characterized by X-Ray Diffractometry, X-ray Fluorescence by Dispersive Energy, Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis. The results of the characterization techniques performed confirmed the formation of the MCM-41 structure. During the adsorption of the RhB dye, high removal percentages and rapid kinetics occur in an acid medium. The adsorption kinetics was evaluated by two models: pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model represented the interaction mechanism well during RhB adsorption by MCM-41. However, the pseudo-second-order model better represented the interaction mechanism during RhB adsorption by MCM-41 calcined. The regeneration study found that the MCM-41 and MCM-41 calcined were maintained at 80 and 90% of their original condition after three successive regeneration cycles. The overall results show that the process could be used as a strategy for environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment.