bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solution‐Processable Metal‐Organic Framework Featuring Highly Tunable Dynamic Aggregation States
Authors: Geng Lin , Qiao Yang , Sun Rui , Guo Linshuo , Li Ze‐Qi , Ma Yanhang , Yu Mei‐Hui , Chang Ze , Bu Xian‐He
Published: December 2024

The limited processability of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is hindered flexibility in the manipulation of their aggregation state and applications. Therefore, achieving highly processable MOFs is of great significance but a challenging goal. Herein, a facile strategy is presented for achieving the construction of solution‐processable Mg‐based MOF, NKU‐Mg‐1, allowing for dynamic control of the aggregation state through dynamic self‐assembly (DySA) process and reversible circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) switcher modulation. Notably, micron‐sized crystals of NKU‐Mg‐1 can be readily dispersed in water to form nano‐sized colloids, triggered by the dynamic COO‐Mg coordination bonding interruption by the competitive H2O‐Mg bonding. Accordingly, the aggregation state of the colloid MOF can be readily tuned from 50–80 nm up to 1000 nm, in turn enabling control of aggregation‐dependent emission. Specially, the solid‐phase aggregation can be controlled via structural transitions between 3D NKU‐Mg‐1‐rec‐1 and 2D NKU‐Mg‐1‐rec‐2 nano‐crystals, as confirmed by 3D electron diffraction. Furthermore, benefiting from its highly dynamic tunable aggregation nature, the rational incorporation of the chiral module confers significant CPL activity (glum up to 0.01). Importantly, controllable dynamic aggregation enables reversible switching of the CPL activity by precisely regulating the aggregation states. The solution‐processable and dynamic aggregation‐tunable features endow it highly promising for applications.
Superconductivity up to 14.2 K in MnB4 Under Pressure
Authors: Xiang Zhe‐Ning , Zhang Ying‐Jie , Lu Qing , Li Qing , Li Yiwen , Huang Tianheng , Zhu Yijie , Ye Yongze , Sun Jian , Wen Hai‐Hu
Published: December 2024

The discovery of superconductivity in 3d transition‐metal compounds with strong magnetism is interesting but rare. Especially for Mn‐based compounds, there exist only very limited materials that show superconductivity. Here, the discovery of superconductivity is reported with an onset transition temperature up to 14.2 K in a Mn‐based material MnB4, which is the highest value among the stoichiometric Mn‐based superconductors. By applying high pressure, the continuous suppression of a weak semiconducting behavior and the occurrence of superconductivity after ≈30 GPa are found. With further increasing pressure, the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) is gradually enhanced and reaches the maximum onset transition value of ≈14.2 K at 150 GPa. The synchrotron X‐ray diffraction data reveal the unchanged monoclinic (S.G: P21/c) symmetry but an unusual crossover of the lattice parameters b and c in a certain pressure region as confirmed by the theoretical calculation. The findings show a promising way to explore high Tc superconductivity by combining the 3d‐transition metal magnetic elements and light elements.
Electrochemically Driven Site‐Selective C(sp2)−H Bond Hydroxylation of N‐Substituted Anilines
Authors: Dapkekar Anil Balajirao , Nag Suman Kumar , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: December 2024

Organic synthesis has long been fascinated by phenolic compounds, especially their exploration of selectively hydroxylating arenes utilizing H2O as a hydroxyl source. However, phenols′ low redox potential and strong reactivity frequently result in unwanted overoxidation byproducts. Here, we present an electrochemical strategy to overcome this difficulty by using electricity as an oxidant and facilitating the para‐selective hydroxylation of N‐protected anilines. This process exhibits excellent regio‐selectivity, compatibility with diverse functional groups, and adaptability by handling an extensive range of substrates. Noteworthily, the technique provides a sustainable substitute for paracetamol synthesis and terminal acetylene‐holding hydroxylated products, proving the suitability of this strategy for drug synthesis. Significantly, mechanistic investigations suggest the possible radical pathway and water as a hydroxyl source for this strategy.
A Review of Studies on the Breeding, Reproduction and Fry Rearing of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus nigricans) in China
Authors: Wang Shoubing , Song Zijie , Liu Xingguo , Xu Sihan , Gu Zhaojun
Published: December 2024

Many countries and regions around the world have been adversely affected by the invasive spread of the largemouth bass (Micropterus nigricans). The breeding practices developed in China can serve as a reference for these regions to manage this species scientifically while providing high‐quality protein for human consumption. As its introduction from Taiwan in 1983, the largemouth bass has become one of the most significant high‐quality freshwater farmed fish in mainland China. The country has developed new varieties that exhibit faster growth rates and enhanced adaptability to artificial compound feed, leading to widespread aquaculture across the nation. This article systematically reviews the technological advancements in the introduction, breeding, reproduction and rearing of fry and fingerlings of largemouth bass in China over the last 40 years. After summarizing the progress in general breeding as well as fry and fingerling rearing technologies, we analyse three successful early breeding and out‐of‐season breeding modes developed in China. The advancement of innovative and practical breeding and seedling technologies has addressed the challenges of natural breeding in regions with relatively low temperatures, where it is not feasible to raise local fry to a marketable size for consumption within the same year. This progress significantly enhances largemouth bass aquaculture in China.
Plasma p‐tau immunoassays in clinical research for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Teunissen Charlotte E. , Kolster Rachel , Triana‐Baltzer Gallen , Janelidze Shorena , Zetterberg Henrik , Kolb Hartmuth C.
Published: December 2024

The revised biomarker framework for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease (AD) relies on amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathologies as core markers, and markers for adjacent pathophysiology, such as neurodegeneration and inflammation. Many of the core fluid biomarkers are phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) fragments, with p‐tau217 showing a prominent association with Aβ and tau. While positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is well established, plasma p‐tau assays are newer and likely to reduce the use of expensive, and less accessible cerebrospinal fluid and PET imaging tests, thereby promoting wider access to AD screening. There is a need for greater understanding of how the various plasma p‐tau species reflect different pathological processes of AD and how different immunoassays perform. This review surveys the available immunoassays and highlights their strengths and limitations in different contexts of use. Assays need to be standardized to maximize their impact on AD clinical research, and patient diagnosis and management.

Highlights

Different plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) species reflect different pathological processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with p‐tau231 showing the greatest association with the earliest increases in brain amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, while p‐tau217 shows greater association with both brain Aβ and early tau pathology, and other p‐tau and tau fragment species show greater association with later stages of brain tau pathology.

Plasma p‐tau217 has proven to be an excellent biomarker for AD pathology due to its close association with both brain Aβ and tau pathology, as well as its large dynamic range.

Many different assays with varying performance exist for the same p‐tau species, with mass spectrometry assays performing uniformly well, and several immunoassays achieving comparable performance.

“Round robin” head‐to‐head studies have been performed to compare different assays for several key plasma biomarkers, including p‐tau181 and p‐tau217, but additional head‐to‐head studies are needed, especially for new analytes and for measuring performance in diverse populations.

Plasma immunoassays have the potential to increase accessibility of early diagnostic testing for a broad population, including diverse historically under‐represented and under‐served populations, due to the potential to be implemented globally, including in primary care settings; however, further research is needed to validate the optimal cutoffs for each assay for real‐world clinical usage.

Eventually, clinical implementation of a two‐step workflow may allow standalone use of plasma testing in certain contexts, minimizing the need for confirmation with costly and less accessible cerebrospinal fluid/positron emission tomography testing.
A Prospective Multicenter Analysis of Mobile Stroke Unit Cost‐Effectiveness
Authors: Rajan Suja S. , Yamal Jose‐Miguel , Wang Mengxi , Saver Jeffrey L. , Jacob Asha P. , Gonzales Nicole R. , Ifejika Nneka , Parker Stephanie A. , Ganey Christopher , Gonzalez Michael O. , Lairson David R. , Bratina Patti L. , Jones William J. , Mackey Jason S. , Lerario Mackenzie P. , Navi Babak B. , Alexandrov Ann W. , Alexandrov Andrei , Nour May , Spokoyny Ilana , Bowry Ritvij , Czap Alexandra L. , Grotta James C.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Given the high disease and cost burden of ischemic stroke, evaluating the clinical efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of new approaches to prevent and treat ischemic stroke is critical. Effective ischemic stroke management depends on timely administration of thrombolytics after stroke onset. This study evaluates the cost‐effectiveness associated with the use of mobile stroke units (MSUs) to expedite tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration, as compared with standard management through emergency medical services (EMS).

Methods

This study is a prospective, multicenter, alternating‐week, cluster‐controlled trial of MSU versus EMS. One‐year and life‐time cost‐effectiveness analyses, using the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) method, were performed from the perspective of CMS's Medicare. Quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) estimated using patient‐reported EQ‐5D‐5L data were used as the effectiveness measure. Health care utilizations were converted to costs using average national Medicare reimbursements. ICERs excluding patients with pre‐existing disability, and limited to stroke‐related costs were also calculated.

Results

The first‐year ICER for all tPA‐eligible patients using total cost differences between MSU and EMS groups was $238,873/QALY; for patients without pre‐existing disability was $61,199/QALY. The lifetime ICERs for all tPA‐eligible patients and for those without pre‐existing disability were $94,710 and $31,259/QALY, respectively. All ICERs were lower when restricted to stroke‐related costs and were highly dependent on the number of patients treated per year in an MSU.

Interpretation

MSUs' cost‐effectiveness is borderline if we consider total first‐year costs and outcomes in all tPA‐eligible patients. MSUs are cost‐effective to highly cost‐effective when calculations are based on patients without pre‐existing disability, patients' lifetime horizon, stroke‐related costs, and more patients treated per year in an MSU. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:209–221
Wechselseitige Abhängigkeit zwischen Membranphasentrennung und Dynamik bakterieller Zellteilungsproteine in synthetischen Zellmodellen
Authors: Kanwa Nishu , Kohyama Shunshi , Fröhlich Leonard , Desai Amogh , Schwille Petra
Published: December 2024

Zellmembranen in Bakterien sind lateral polarisiert, um spezifische Umgebungen für Membranproteine zu schaffen, z. B. für Proteine, die an der Zellteilung beteiligt sind und sich in der Zellmitte oder an den Zellpolen ansammeln. Ein interessantes Ergebnis dieses Zusammenspiels von Membranlipiden ist die Reorganisation von Lipiddomänen zusammen mit membrangebundenen Proteinen zu Beginn der Zellteilung, was auf eine funktionelle Bedeutung von Membrankompartimenten im Zellzyklus schließen lässt. Anhand der wichtigen bakteriellen Teilungsproteine MinC, MinD, MinE, FtsA und FtsZ als archetypisches System zur Bildung räumlicher Muster stellen wir hier ein einfaches vesikelbasiertes in vitro Modell vor, um die gegenseitige Abhängigkeit von Proteinmusterbildung und Membranheterogenität zu untersuchen. Wie viele andere periphere Membranproteine zeigen Min‐Proteine bei der makroskopischen Musterbildung eine bevorzugte Membranbindung an Ld Domänen, was zu einer veränderten Selektion der Oszillationsmodi in phasengetrennten Vesikeln (GUVs) führt. Darüber hinaus führt der Einschluss von bakteriellen Teilungsproteinen in phasengetrennte GUVs zu blebbing‐ähnlichen Membrandeformationen, gefolgt von einer Reorganisation der Lo Domänen an der Halsregion des Blebs. Dies korrespondiert gut mit der Domänenumordnung in bakteriellen Membranen, die dem radialen Einschnürungsprozess unmittelbar vorausgeht. Insgesamt stellt das vorgestellte in vitro Modellsystem einen grundlegenden Rahmen dar, um den Mechanismus der Zellteilung unter Berücksichtigung komplexer zellulärer Lipidumgebungen besser zu verstehen.
Chiral Pd2L4 Capsules from Readily Accessible Tröger's Base Ligands Inducing Circular Dichroism on Fullerenes C60 and C70
Authors: Benchimol Elie , O'Connor Helen M. , Schmidt Björn , Bogo Nicola , Holstein Julian J. , Lovitt June I. , Shanmugaraju Sankarasekaran , Stein Christopher J. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur , Clever Guido H.
Published: December 2024

The induction of chirality on pristine fullerenes through non‐covalent embedding in an asymmetric nano‐confinement has only been rarely reported. Bringing molecules with such a unique electronic structure and broad application range into a chiral environment is particularly appealing for the development of chiroptical materials, enantioselective photoredox catalysts and systems showing chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS). In this study, we report the formation of a chiral, configurationally stable Pd2L4 capsule assembled from a C2‐symmetric, ‘ribbon‐shaped’ ligand with a Tröger's base naphthalimide (TbNaps) backbone, easily synthesized in three steps from commercially available compounds. Embedding chirality directly into the ligand backbone ensures a relatively lightweight receptor design whose aromatic panels create a strongly shielded inner cavity of about 700 Å3 volume. Fullerenes C60 and C70, as well as a pair of corannulenes, can be bound in acetonitrile (where unsubstituted fullerenes are insoluble) and X‐ray structures of host‐guest complexes were obtained. Tight interactions between the chiral host and the fullerene guests leads to the induction of a circular dichroism (CD) on the characteristic absorption bands of the forbidden π–π* transitions of the fullerenes, backed up by sTDA TD‐DFT calculations and detailed investigation of the electronic excited states.
Reaction‐Diffusion and Crystallization Kinetics Modulation of Two‐Step Deposited Tin‐Based Perovskite Film via Reducing Atmosphere
Authors: Zhou Hongbo , Sheng Wangping , Rao Huan , Su Yang , Zhu Wenjian , Zhong Yang , Liu Yikun , He Jiacheng , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang
Published: December 2024

The two‐step deposition method effectively mitigates the efficiency decline observed in tin‐based perovskite solar cells (TPVSCs) with increasing cell area, stemming from film in‐homogeneity. However, the high solubility of SnI2 in the conventionally used solvent isopropyl alcohol, coupled with the absence of effective modulation of reaction‐diffusion process, results in inadequate film coverage and conversion. In this study, we introduce formic acid as the second‐step solvent and introduce dithiothreitol (DTT) to regulate reaction‐diffusion/crystallization kinetics meticulously. Moreover, this research underscores a fundamental principle that the suitable binding energy ranging from −1.38 to −10.10 kcal mol−1 between ligands and Sn2+ significantly enhances the effectiveness of two‐step crystallization control. Notably, a uniform perovskite film is achieved on large‐scale substrate, and TPVSCs processed with DTT exhibit the highest efficiencies of 12.68 % for 0.04 cm2 device and 11.30 % for 1 cm2 device among tin‐based perovskite devices in two‐step sequential deposition method, even in the absence of dimethyl sulfoxide. This study lays the groundwork for the potential scale‐up development of lead‐free perovskite solar cells.
Preparation of Expandable Polymer Plugging Agent and Its Application in Water‐Based Drilling Fluid
Authors: Luo YuMei , Shang QingGuo , Hu Hua , Bai Xiaodong
Published: December 2024

In order to reduce the economic loss caused by well leakage and the lag of drilling progress, it is very important to use plugging materials reasonably and effectively. Expandable polymer materials can better fill cracks and holes of different sizes by absorbing water expansion and deforming. In this article, an expandable polymer plugging agent (PSMAN) was prepared by soap‐free emulsion polymerization using methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (St), 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as reaction monomers, N‐hydroxymethyl acrylamide (NMA) as a cross‐linking agent, and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The optimal synthesis conditions were determined by designing the orthogonal experiments, and the various properties of the materials were tested and evaluated. The experimental results show that PSMAN has good high temperature resistance, spherical structure, and median particle size of 15.099 μm, and the water absorption rate of room temperature at 24 h reaches 37.8 g/g, and pressure bearing capacity can reach 5 MPa. The addition of polymer to water‐based drilling fluid can increase the viscosity of drilling fluid and improve the rheological properties of drilling fluid by a small amount. Under normal temperature and medium pressure, the polymer can form a dense film on the surface of the mud cake, thereby reducing the filtration of drilling fluid and effectively improving the stability of the wellbore.
MOF@ Nanofiber Separators for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yanilmaz Meltem , Atik Aleyna , Tosun Murat , Zhang Xiangwu
Published: December 2024

The separator plays a crucial role in determining the safety and performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) by acting as a mediator between the cathode and anode, preventing electrical contact, and providing channels for ionic transport. Most commercially available LIB separators are polyolefin microporous separators. However, the low melting points of polyolefin separators limit their thermal stability, leading to potential safety issues. Therefore, new alternatives are essential for developing high‐performance batteries. Nylon 6,6 is a promising candidate due to its high thermal stability, low cost, good mechanical strength, and high chemical stability. One effective method to further improve the performance of nylon 6,6 separators is to combine them with Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs), which offer a high surface area and tunable morphology. The high surface area and porous structure provided by MOFs can increase ion permeability and allow the electrolyte to move more efficiently, thus improving the battery's charge/discharge rates and enhancing its specific capacity. In this study, ZIF‐8, a small‐pore MOF composed of zinc ions coordinated with 2‐methyl imidazolate ligands, was coated onto nylon 6,6 nanofibers and used as a separator in lithium‐ion batteries. ZIF‐8@nylon 6,6 separators exhibited superior electrochemical properties, with a highly porous structure (76% porosity), high electrolyte uptake (340%), and high ionic conductivity (3.6 mS cm−1). Additionally, these separators showed stable cycling performance over 200 cycles and maintained a high specific capacity even at high C‐rates. The results demonstrate that MOF coating on nylon 6,6 separators is a promising approach for designing high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries.
Probing Into the Annealing Effects on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Impact Polypropylene Copolymer With Nodular Crystalline Morphology
Authors: Liu Xueping , Li Chenran , Wu Hao
Published: December 2024

The performance of polypropylene materials in high‐temperature environments is closely linked to changes in their microstructure and properties. For impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC), the evolution of structure induced by annealing remains elusive due to the complex molecular chain structure and phase morphology. Herein, we investigate the effects of the initial crystalline morphology on the microstructure and mechanical properties of IPC after annealing. Results show that melt‐quenched IPC (IPC‐m) exhibits a nodular crystalline morphology. As the annealing temperature (T
a) increases, the mesomorphic phase in IPC‐m progressively transforms into monoclinic α crystals. Simultaneously, both the size of nodular particles and their internal crystalline regions gradually increase, while the initial nodular morphology remains unchanged. Furthermore, the nodular morphology restricts the lateral growth of crystals in IPC‐m, thereby inhibiting the cavitation during stretching and resulting in higher yield strength for annealed IPC‐m. This research sheds light on the microstructure evolution mechanisms and structure–property relationships of IPC and will provide theoretical guidance for the evaluation of service life and performance optimization of polyolefins in harsh environments.
Wetland Species Mapping Using Advanced Technological Measurement
Authors: Mohanty Smrutisikha , Srivastava Prashant K. , Pandey Prem C. , Singh Prachi , Srivastava Sanjeev
Published: December 2024

Wetlands are pivotal in supporting the natural ecosystem and maintaining biodiversity while being susceptible to anthropogenic activities and climate change. However, monitoring wetlands over a large geographical and temporal extent is challenging. Vegetation health can be considered a good indicator of wetland conditions, and measuring chlorophyll content will provide insight into vegetation health. Linking wetland species mapping from chlorophyll spectral indices to local and regional conservation strategies could improve biodiversity conservation. Here, we apply this to Keetham Lake, India, using machine learning methods (relevance vector model) and hyperspectral measurements. From 10 chlorophyll‐sensitive spectral indices, we identified four as best performing, particularly for: TVI + CCCI + NDRE for calibration and NDRE + TVI for validation data. The least performing combinations were MCARI for calibration and TVI + CCCI + NDRE + MCARI for validation. Overall, we identified that NDRE + TVI was the best‐performing pair of spectral indices for chlorophyll assessment and implementation in wetland species. This approach allows for precise mapping of wetland species, providing data on their extent and the area they cover. By creating a digital database, this method enables long‐term monitoring of changes in wetland species' numbers and distribution, helping to assess trends of increase or decline in freshwater ecosystems. Such strategies are vital for supporting both local and global conservation efforts, offering insights for forward‐looking, data‐driven preservation initiatives.
Seasonal metabolic variation in the essential oil composition of various Tabebuia species and evaluation of their anti‐inflammatory activity in vitro and in silico
Authors: Khaled Nesma , Ibrahim Nehal , Youssef Fadia S. , El‐Ahmady Sherweit H.
Published: December 2024

The seasonal variation in essential oil from four Tabebuia species, T. impetiginosa, T. rosea, T. argentea, and T. guayacan, was explored using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 90 components were tentatively identified. Among the four Tabebuia species, the most predominant components in spring were phytol (67.5%), limonene (50.1%), (Z,Z,Z)‐7,10,13‐hexadecatrienal (67.5%), and 1‐octen‐3‐ol (80.4%), respectively. Chemometric discrimination of the four Tabebuia species was performed employing principal component analysis, which classified the samples into three main clusters while the rest of the samples were scattered in the whole plot. The season of collection impact on essential oils composition and yield was illustrated. 5‐Lipooxygenase inhibitory effect of spring season essential oils was assessed, showing that all essential oils exhibited certain inhibition, where T. rosea showed the most potent effect, exhibiting an IC50 value of 1.8 μg/mL, compared to the standard zileuton (0.68 μg/mL). Moreover, an in silico molecular docking study was performed for the predominant metabolites against the 5‐LOX active pocket. Among all the docked compounds, eicosane showed the best fitting score, then norphytane, with ∆G of −38.39 and −29.77 kcal/mol, respectively. Thus, Tabebuia species could offer a natural and relatively safe anti‐inflammatory candidate that requires further clinical trials to be supported.
Evaluating Renal Disease in Pediatric‐Onset Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis: Disease Course, Outcomes, and Predictors of Outcome
Authors: Toor Kirandeep K. , Chen Audrea , Cabral David A. , Mammen Cherry , Bosman Else S. , Shen Ye , Bone Jeffrey N. , Noone Damien , Al‐Abadi Eslam , Benseler Susanne , Berard Roberta , Bohm Marek , Charuvanij Sirirat , Cook Kathryn , Dancey Paul , Deepak Samundeeswari , Duffy Ciaran , Eberhard Barbara , Elder Melissa , Foell Dirk , Gerstbacher Dana , Heshin‐Bekenstein Merav , Huber Adam , James Karen E. , Kim Susan , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa , Martin Neil , McErlane Flora , Moorthy L. Nandini , Myrup Charlotte , Riley Phil , Shenoi Susan , Sivaraman Vidya , Tanner Tamara , Tarvin Stacey , Wagner‐Weiner Linda , Yeung Rae S. M. , Brown Kelly L. , Morishita Kimberly A. ,   the PedVas Investigators Network
Published: December 2024

Objective

We aimed to study the disease course, outcomes, and predictors of outcome in pediatric‐onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) affecting the kidneys.

Methods

Patients eligible for this study had a diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis, or ANCA‐positive pauci‐immune glomerulonephritis, were 18 years or younger at diagnosis, had renal disease defined by biopsy or dialysis dependence, and had clinical data at diagnosis and at either 12 or 24 months. Ambispective data from A Registry for Children with Vasculitis/Pediatric Vasculitis Initiative Registry was used. The primary outcome was inactive renal disease (pediatric vasculitis activity score = 0 or 1) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included rates of improved renal function and damage within 24 months. Renal function, defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate, was categorized into Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) stages at diagnosis and tested as a predictor of outcome using a proportional‐odds logistic regression model.

Results

A total of 145 patients were included: 68% were female, and 78% had GPA. At 12 months, 83% of patients achieved inactive renal disease; however, 42% had evidence of permanent renal damage. Compared with patients with normal renal function at diagnosis, patients with moderate to severely reduced renal function, or kidney failure at diagnosis, had an odds ratio of 8.62 (P = 0.002; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.31–32.1) and 26.3 (P < 0.001; 95% CI 6.32–109), respectively, for being in a non‐normal KDIGO category at 12 months.

Conclusion

The majority of patients with pediatric AAV achieve inactive renal disease by 12 months; however, almost half have evidence of damage. Renal function at diagnosis is a strong predictor of renal function at 12 months.

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Preparation Techniques for Perovskite Single Crystal Films: From Nucleation to Growth
Authors: Zhou Yawen , Liu Da , Gui Yang Hua , Yang Shuang , Hou Yu
Published: December 2024

Thickness‐controllable perovskite single crystal films exhibit tremendous potential for various optoelectronic applications due to their capacity to leverage the relationship between diffusion length and absorption depth. However, the fabrication processes have suffered from difficulties in large‐area production and poor quality with abundant surface defects. While post‐treatments, such as passivation and polishing, can provide partial improvement in surface quality, the fundamental solution lies in the direct growth of high‐quality single crystal films. In this work, we firstly summarize the basic principles of nucleation and growth phenomenon of crystalline materials. Advanced growth methods of perovskite single crystal films, including solution‐based, vapor phase epitaxial growth, and top‐down method, are discussed, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Finally, we also present future directions and the challenges that lie ahead in perovskite single crystal films.
orexin B alleviates sepsis‐associated lung injury through the attenuation of pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction by regulating the rho‐associated coiled‐coil containing protein kinase 2/zonula occludens‐1 (ROCK2/ZO‐1) axis
Authors: Wang Yiyuan , Wan Xiaohong , Li Yusheng
Published: December 2024

Dysfunction of the alveolar endothelial barrier plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of septic acute lung injury (ALI). orexin B is a neuropeptide derived from orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and has multiple biological functions. However, the physiological function of orexin B in sepsis is less reported. Here, we aimed to explore the protective effects of orexin B in sepsis‐induced ALI and its underlying mechanisms. In this study, we established an ALI in vivo animal model in mice using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and an in vitro ALI model using mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells (MLMECs) induced with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The animal experiments involved four groups: Sham, Sham+orexin B, CLP, CLP+orexin B. First, our results demonstrate that the levels of serum orexin B but not orexin A were reduced in septic mice. Correspondingly, the expression of orexin type 2 receptor (OX2R), but not orexin type 1 receptor (OX1R), was reduced in the lung tissue of septic mice. Administration of orexin B decreased the mortality in sepsis mice and improved M‐CASS scores. Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining assay demonstrated that administration of orexin B ameliorated histopathological lung injury. orexin B was also found to inhibit the inflammatory response in the lung tissues of septic mice by reducing the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and recombinant chemokine C‐X‐C‐motif ligand 15 (CXCL15). Additionally, the total cell count and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were reduced by orexin B. Notably, orexin B alleviated vascular endothelial permeability in mice lung tissue by increasing the expression of the tight junction protein zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) and occludin. In vitro experiments demonstrated that orexin B prevented LPS‐induced endothelial permeability in mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells (MLMECs) by upregulating the expression of ZO‐1 and occludin. These effects are mediated by rho‐associated coiled‐coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2). Based on these findings, we conclude that orexin B alleviates sepsis‐induced ALI by ameliorating endothelial permeability of lung microvascular endothelial cells.
Effect of the activation strategy of nickel oxide‐multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on the immobilization of xylanase for synthesis of xylooligosaccharides
Authors: Varan Nazli Ece , Yildirim Deniz , Toprak Ali , Fernandéz‐Lafuente Roberto , Alagöz Dilek
Published: December 2024

Magnetic nickel oxide multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT‐NiO) were employed in the immobilization of xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus, after modification with (3‐glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane or 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The APTES‐derivatized MWCNT‐NiO particles were activated with glutaraldehyde to immobilize T. lanuginosus xylanase via covalent attachment. The (3‐glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane‐derivatized MWCNT‐NiO particles were directly used for the covalent immobilization of T. lanuginosus xylanase, or the formed epoxy groups were converted to aldehyde groups. The free xylanase had maximum activity at pH 7.5, whereas the immobilized samples showed an optimum pH of 7.0. The optimum temperature was 60°C for the xylanase samples. The thermal stability of xylanase increased at 7 and/or 12 folds after immobilization. The results of xylooligosaccharide synthesis showed that the main formed xylooligosaccharides were xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose for the immobilized xylanase samples. Furthermore, an effect of the enzyme loading could be found, an increase in this parameter promoted that xylobiose and xylotriose amounts slightly increased, whereas xylotetraose amount slightly decreased. The immobilized xylanase samples retained at least 80% of their initial activity after five reuses at pH 7.0 and 60°C. The results show that the new xylanase preparations were easily separable, thermally stable, and reusable in the synthesis of xylooligosaccharides.
Cold Sintering of LLTO Composite Electrolytes for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Karapekmez Aras , Lan Yi‐Chen , Vardar Gulin , Ersoy Nuri , Gomez Enrique D.
Published: December 2024

Solid‐state batteries have the potential for higher energy densities and enhanced safety when compared to conventional lithium‐ion batteries. The perovskite‐type Li3xLa2/3–xTiO3 (LLTO) is an attractive ceramic electrolyte due to its high ionic conductivity, broad electrochemical stability window, and thermal and chemical stability. The conventional sintering process for ceramics, typically performed at high temperatures (~1000 °C), poses a critical bottleneck for integrating solid electrolytes with active electrode materials. In this study, Li0.29La0.57TiO3/polypropylene carbonate (PPC) composite electrolytes containing lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) were densified using cold sintering at 125 °C. The resulting LLTO‐based composite electrolytes exhibit relative densities above 80 % and ionic conductivities exceeding 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. The symmetric Li/LLTO‐PPC‐LiClO4/Li cell with PVDF interlayers achieves a high critical current density of 1.8 mA cm−2 at room temperature. Solid‐state lithium batteries fabricated with LLTO composite solid electrolytes deliver a high discharge capacity of 151 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 135 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C. Our approach, which integrates ceramic and polymer materials, produces composite electrolytes with superior properties, highlighting the potential of cold sintering for advancing solid‐state batteries.
Studies of the Novel Bioactive Acridine‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐one Derivatives With Human Serum Albumin Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Molecular Modelling
Authors: Konkoľová Eva , Miháliková Martina , Nowak Katarzyna E. , Gucký Adrián , Vilková Mária , Kožurková Mária
Published: December 2024

In this study, we employ spectroscopic, thermodynamic and molecular docking approaches to identify the mechanism by which thiazolidinone derivatives 4a–4d bind with human serum albumin. It has been suggested that the affinity of the interaction of derivatives 4a–4d with HSA is within the optimal range necessary for the transportation and distribution of compounds within the organism. The binding constant values for the derivative/HSA complexes were found to be 0.03–5.87 × 105 M−1. Both ΔH0 and ΔS0 values were negative, which indicates that binding occurs mainly through van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. The negative values calculated for ΔG0 indicate that the binding of derivatives 4a–4d with HSA is a spontaneous process. Our study also reveals that derivatives 4a–4d bind to the subdomain IB (Site III) of HSA and that this binding alters the conformation and thermodynamic stability of HSA. Molecular docking simulations suggest that the main binding forces are van der Waals interactions, hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The studied compounds showed weak DPPH‐scavenging activity at all of the tested concentrations. The results suggest that compound 4b with a phenyl substituent at the nitrogen atom of the 1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐one moiety can be considered the most potent antioxidant in the series.
The mummy of Pharaoh Amenhotep III (reigned ca. 1388–1351 BC) and its facial approximation: An anatomical approach
Authors: Moraes Cicero , Habicht Michael E. , Artico Marco , Forte Flavio , Varotto Elena , Galassi Francesco M.
Published: December 2024

This article offers for the first time a facial approximation of the Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep III (reigned ca. 1388–1351 BC) based on photographic material of his mortal remains and anthropometric data collected at the time, and by adopting a novel technique previously used in similar research by our team. A comprehensive discussion of the mummy attributed to Pharaoh Amenhotep III is also annexed to the study, focusing on the bioarcheological and embalming aspects.
Safety and Clinical Outcomes of a Complete “Minimalist” Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Pathway
Authors: Schlossnagle Cashawna M. , Mohanty Bibhu D. , Mehta Jeet J. , Hadar Ari , Koelmeyer Himara , Roman Janet , Wilson David R. , Herweg Bengt , Bezerra Hiram G. , Basrawala Hussain Z.
Published: December 2024

The standard approach to catheter based left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) involves trans‐esophageal echocardiography (TEE) guided screening and placement, and procedural general anesthesia requiring overnight stay. In pursuit of improved patient experience and reduced cost, streamlined approaches in each phase of care have been explored. However, the safety and clinical outcomes for a completely protocolized minimalist approach utilizing computed tomography angiogram (CTA), intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), conscious sedation, and same‐day discharge are lacking. We retrospectively studied 179 patients undergoing LAAO for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation using a novel “Minimalist” pathway. Efficacy and safety endpoints included stroke, systemic embolism, major bleeding requiring transfusion, pericardial effusion, vascular complication, or death through 7 or 45 days post‐procedure. The procedural success rate in Minimalist cases was 100%. A total of 159 patients (88.8%) were eligible for SDD. All patients survived to 45 days of follow up and there was a 0% incidence of stroke, systemic embolism, and vascular complications. There were low rates of DRT (1.3%) and peri‐device flow (0.7%), yielding a high rate of safe OAC discontinuation. Using a pre‐defined Minimalist pathway, eligible patients demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes comparable to those reported in national clinical registries, supporting use of our novel pathway to safely improve both patient experience and efficiency of care.
Cage‐Free Chronic Occlusion PCI: Multivessel Total and Subtotal Occlusion Treatment With Drug Coated Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Selvakumar Dinesh , Graham John J. , Buller Christopher E. , Bagai Akshay
Published: December 2024

Drug‐coated balloon (DCB) catheters offer an alternative to drug‐eluting stents (DES) by delivering anti‐proliferative drugs directly to vessel walls, avoiding implantation of a permanent metallic structure. While DCBs have shown efficacy for in‐stent restenosis, evidence for their application in de novo coronary disease and chronic total occlusion (CTO) PCI is growing. We present a case of a 49‐year‐old male with multivessel chronic total and subtotal occlusions who had complete percutaneous revascularisation using a DCB only strategy. Each lesion had unique characteristics involving its length and location, bifurcation anatomy, and vessel diameter for which this stent‐free approach was favored. DCB use in CTO PCI may be promising in select cases and lesions, and further studies are warranted to ascertain long‐term efficacy in this setting.
Forage accumulation and nutritive value of ‘Wrangler’ bermudagrass hayfield in response to nitrogen and harvesting management
Authors: Pedreira Bruno C. , Yasuoka Junior I. , Helwig Dale , Farney Jaymelynn K. , Sassenrath Gretchen F.
Published: December 2024

Interest in seeded bermudagrass cultivars has increased, but there is still a lack of information on management strategies combining nitrogen (N) fertilization and harvest frequency to support producer's decision‐making process in a hayfield. In this study, we evaluated how combinations of N fertilization and harvesting management affect total forage accumulation (TFA) and nutritive value in ‘Wrangler’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] for 2 years. Management strategies were combinations of N fertilization (without N, one application, or three applications) and harvesting management (once or three times). Harvesting once or three times did not affect the TFA without N fertilization (H1 and H3) or with one application (H1N1 and H3N1). However, harvesting three times with three N applications (H3N3) presented the greatest TFA (7795 lbs dry matter [DM]/acre) and greater crude protein (CP), net energy gain, total digestible nutrients, and phosphorus (P) concentration, and lesser acid detergent fiber. Consequently, the greatest CP accumulation (CPA) was found in the H3N3 as well. Therefore, associating N fertilization with more frequent harvesting can increase the TFA and CPA, and improve the forage nutritive value, which can significantly affect winter feeding costs.
Aqueous Dispersion of Xenes by Liquid Phase Exfoliation of Monoelemental Crystals in Melamine Solution
Authors: Vaso Alexia , Tegkelidi Eleni , Kaloudi Angela S. , Gournis Dimitrios P. , Tzitzios Vasileios , Boukos Nikos , Kolokithas Ntoukas Argiris , Georgakilas Vasilios I.
Published: December 2024

Αfter the impressive evolution of graphene and its derivatives, a large number of two dimensional (2D) materials with important optical and electrical properties have been successfully fabricated. Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of layered and non‐layered materials has become a widely applied method for the preparation of 2D nanostructures with an extensive variety of applications. However, in most cases organic solvents are used as liquid phase which are often toxic and environmentally unfriendly and lead to low yields. In this work, we present water as a suitable liquid phase and dispersion medium for the exfoliation of layered and non‐layered monoelemental solids from IVA, VA and VIA groups of the periodic table, such as silicon, tin, bismuth and tellurium. The 2D nanostructures, silicene, stanene, bismuthene and tellurene are therefore prepared by a completely sustainable and environmentally friendly method. The prepared Xenes, as they are called, are fully characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques.
Quantitative Assessment of the Structural Effects in Foot Soft Tissues Depending on the Mechanical Contact Between Joints
Authors: Mancera‐Campos N. , Vidal‐Lesso A. , Bayod López J.
Published: December 2024

Developing realistic numerical foot models is essential to accurately predict the structural behavior of its bones and soft tissues. The representation of the foot joints is a crucial point that must be considered to recreate these models' natural behavior. Numerically, different types of contact represent these interactions, two being the most common: one that allows movement between bones and one that restricts it. However, the structural behavior of the model is affected depending on which type of contact is chosen to simulate the interaction. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a numerical foot model to analyze and quantify both types of mechanical contact and determine their effect on soft tissues by evaluating and comparing different structural parameters. The results show that the TA, CPF, LPF, EDB, and FDBT soft tissues reach the maximum stress and strain levels like the highest displacement values. The differences between models in these tissues reach percentage values of up to 74.69% for the principal stresses and up to 68.42% for the principal strains. Significant differences were also found in the displacements obtained in the anteroposterior axes (X) and the vertical or the load axis (Y) of up to 42.03% and 37.47%, respectively. These results allow us to quantify the impact that the choice of the contact type of the foot joints has over its soft tissues and suggest that the way of simulating the movement between bones contributes significantly to the quantitative variation of the structural parameters, affecting thus, the predictions made in the several studies performed with foot numerical models; a contact type that reproduces the natural joint movement is the better option based on this work results.
Electrified Dynamically Responsive Ammonia Decomposition to Hydrogen Based on Magnetic Heating of a Ru Nanocatalyst
Authors: Ponikvar Žiga , Sedminek Anja , Teržan Janvit , Skubic Luka , Lavrič Žan , Huš Matej , Grilc Miha , Likozar Blaž , Makovec Darko , Gyergyek Sašo
Published: December 2024

Storing and transporting pressurized or liquid hydrogen is expensive and hazardous. As a result, safer methods, such as chemical storage in ammonia, are becoming increasingly important. However, the instantaneous start of a conventionally heated decomposition reactor is challenging. Here we report on the electrified and dynamically responsive decomposition of ammonia as a means of releasing on‐demand chemically bonded hydrogen based on the rapid magnetic heating of a well‐designed Ru‐based nanocomposite catalyst. Under relatively mild conditions (400 °C, 1 bar) a rapid decomposition rate of 5.33 molNH3 gRu−1 h−1 was achieved. Experimental observations under non‐isothermal, dynamic conditions coupled with modelling at the level of density functional theory and micro‐kinetic modeling confirmed the minute‐scale response of the H2 release. The rapid response of our catalytic system would, at least in principle, enable the utilization of intermittent, renewable electricity and a tunable H2/NH3 ratio in the reactor's effluent.
Role of Hetero‐doped Reduced Graphene Oxide in Suppressing Elemental Dissolution in Manganese Selenide Cathode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Feng Yan , Yao Yuqing , Wang Shang , Ma Xinyang , Han Yuhang , Feng Jiayun , Wen Jiayue , Tian Ruyu , Sun Qing , Tian Yanhong
Published: December 2024

Mn chalcogenide cathodes hold great promise for high‐capacity applications in aqueous Zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). However, they face critical challenges, including Mn dissolution and chalcogenide decomposition, which not only degrade performance but also raise environmental concerns. Although the incorporation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has shown potential in mitigating these issues, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we synthesize MnSe@rGO composites via a hydrothermal and annealing process, utilizing rGO as a conductive framework to stabilize MnSe nanoparticles and improve the structural integrity and reversibility of the electrode. The resulting composite cathode demonstrates enhanced specific capacity, prolonged cycle life, and robust cycling stability under high current densities. Ex‐situ characterizations reveal that rGO effectively suppresses Mn dissolution and prevented Se loss during cycling, thereby maintaining the integrity of the cathode and minimizing corrosion of the Zn anode. Furthermore, first‐principles calculations provide deep insights into the interactions at the atomic level, showing that Se‐doped rGO exhibits strong adsorption affinity for both Mn3+ and Se2‐, leading to increased structural stability and reduced side reactions. This study highlights the potential of rGO composites in addressing key challenges in Mn chalcogenide cathodes, paving the way for their practical application in environmentally friendly AZIBs.