bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feedback seeking from peers: A positive strategy for insecurely attached team-workers
Authors: Wu Chia-Huei , Parker Sharon K , de Jong Jeroen PJ
Published: October 2013

Feedback inquiry is a proactive behaviour that is instrumental for gaining information about job performance. However, feedback inquiry also has a social component, especially in the context of flexible team-work environments. Feedback inquiry implies interacting with others, suggesting that relational considerations might affect whether individuals accept and apply feedback to improve their performance. Drawing on this relational perspective, we examined the role of attachment styles in employees’ peer-focused feedback inquiry, as well as the subsequent association of feedback inquiry with job performance. We proposed that individuals higher in attachment anxiety would be more inclined to engage in feedback inquiry from peers, whereas those higher in attachment avoidance would be less likely to do so. We also proposed that individuals higher in attachment anxiety would benefit more from feedback inquiry, such that the association between feedback inquiry and performance is stronger for these individuals. Results from multi-source data from 179 employees in a flexible team-work environment and up to three of their peers generally supported these hypotheses. This study broadened our understanding of the dispositional antecedents of feedback inquiry, and suggests a boundary condition for when such behaviour is associated with enhanced job performance.
Towards a negative ontology of leadership
Authors: Kelly Simon
Published: October 2013

Drawing on recent critical debates concerning the ontology of leadership, this article outlines a radical rethinking of the concept – not as the study of heroic individuals, skilled practitioners, collaborators or discursive actors – but as the marker of a fundamental and productive lack; a space of absent presence through which individual and collective desires for leadership are given expression. Where current critical debates tend to oscillate between variants of the physical and the social in their analyses, this article considers the potential for a negative ontology of leadership; one in which absence, ideological practices and the operation of empty signifiers form the basis for empirical investigation and critical reflection.
Barrier Formation
Authors: Lyaruu D.M. , Medina J.F. , Sarvide S. , Bervoets T.J.M. , Everts V. , DenBesten P. , Smith C.E. , Bronckers A.L.J.J.
Published: October 2013

Enamel fluorosis is an irreversible structural enamel defect following exposure to supraoptimal levels of fluoride during amelogenesis. We hypothesized that fluorosis is associated with excess release of protons during formation of hypermineralized lines in the mineralizing enamel matrix. We tested this concept by analyzing fluorotic enamel defects in wild-type mice and mice deficient in anion exchanger-2a,b ( Ae2a,b), a transmembrane protein in maturation ameloblasts that exchanges extracellular Cl− for bicarbonate. Defects were more pronounced in fluorotic Ae2a,b−/− mice than in fluorotic heterozygous or wild-type mice. Phenotypes included a hypermineralized surface, extensive subsurface hypomineralization, and multiple hypermineralized lines in deeper enamel. Mineral content decreased in all fluoride-exposed and Ae2a,b−/− mice and was strongly correlated with Cl−. Exposure of enamel surfaces underlying maturation-stage ameloblasts to pH indicator dyes suggested the presence of diffusion barriers in fluorotic enamel. These results support the concept that fluoride stimulates hypermineralization at the mineralization front. This causes increased release of protons, which ameloblasts respond to by secreting more bicarbonates at the expense of Cl− levels in enamel. The fluoride-induced hypermineralized lines may form barriers that impede diffusion of proteins and mineral ions into the subsurface layers, thereby delaying biomineralization and causing retention of enamel matrix proteins.
Removal of Interproximal Dental Biofilms by High-velocity Water Microdrops
Authors: Rmaile A. , Carugo D. , Capretto L. , Aspiras M. , De Jager M. , Ward M. , Stoodley P.
Published: October 2013

The influence of the impact of a high-velocity water microdrop on the detachment of Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms from the interproximal (IP) space of teeth in a training typodont was studied experimentally and computationally. Twelve-day-old S. mutans biofilms in the IP space were exposed to a prototype AirFloss delivering 115 µL water at a maximum exit velocity of 60 m/sec in a 30-msec burst. Using confocal microscopy and image analysis, we obtained quantitative measurements of the percentage removal of biofilms from different locations in the IP space. The 3D geometry of the typodont and the IP spaces was obtained by micro-computed tomography ( µ-CT) imaging. We performed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to calculate the wall shear stress ( τw) distribution caused by the drops on the tooth surface. A qualitative agreement and a quantitative relationship between experiments and simulations were achieved. The wall shear stress ( τw) generated by the prototype AirFloss and its spatial distribution on the teeth surface played a key role in dictating the efficacy of biofilm removal in the IP space.
Do rights at home boost rights abroad? Sexual equality and humanitarian foreign policy
Authors: Brysk Alison , Mehta Aashish
Published: October 2013

Does women’s empowerment strengthen global good citizenship? We test theories of democratic foreign policy and feminist international relations that suggest that more deeply democratic countries with greater gender equity will be stronger international human rights promoters. First, the direct empowerment of women as policymakers and civil society constituencies may shift states’ incentives and ability to pursue international human rights initiatives. Second, greater sexual equality may lead to feminist socialization of the wider society to promote human rights values. We test these predictions by measuring the relationship between five different measures of sexual equality and a country’s propensity to support 30 international human rights outcomes, including legal commitments, humanitarian assistance, and sanctions, controlling for previously established contributing factors such as level of development and democratic regime type. We find that more sexually equal countries are more likely to support international commitments to constrain state violence against individuals, international measures to combat gender and sexual orientation discrimination, and more and higher quality development assistance. However, sexual equality appears to yield less benefit for more costly human rights initiatives: yielding sovereignty to international legal institutions, promoting economic rights through concessionary trade policies, or adopting diplomatic sanctions against pariah states. These effects are stronger in democratic states, where citizen empowerment translates more readily into foreign policy, and are also found in a sample that excludes the Western powers.
Discrimination and Sleep
Authors: Huynh Virginia W. , Gillen-O’Neel Cari
Published: October 2013

Ethnic minority adolescents experience certain sleep problems, yet factors that affect their sleep are poorly understood. This study examined the association between ethnic discrimination and sleep during adolescence and the extent to which perceived stress mediated these associations. This study also examined whether school belonging can protect adolescents from discrimination’s negative association with sleep. Latino ( n = 247) and Asian American ( n = 113) adolescents ( Mage=17.18, SD = .75; 57% female) completed self-reports of overt and subtle discrimination, sleep quality, sleep hours, perceived stress, and school belonging. Both overt and subtle discrimination were associated with worse sleep quality. Only subtle discrimination was associated with getting less sleep. The associations between discrimination and sleep hold even after controlling for perceived stress. School belonging buffered the negative effect of overt discrimination on sleep. Findings suggest that discrimination is a unique type of vigilance that affects sleep; however, school belonging may be a positive resource for adolescents.
Darwinian reasoning and Waltz’s Theory of International Politics: Elimination, imitation and the selection of behaviours
Authors: Wilson Iain
Published: October 2013

There are important parallels between the pattern of inference Kenneth Waltz uses in his Theory of International Politics and early Darwinian reasoning. This early Darwinian thinking has needed to be significantly refined by modern evolutionary biologists, and their amendments are equally relevant to Waltz’s model. Waltz allows for states to imitate each other and also accepts that they are only rarely eliminated from the system. Modern Darwinian analyses show that where elimination is rare and imitation is common, it is quite possible for deleterious behaviours to become widespread. We cannot assume an anarchic system will select for security-enhancing behaviours in major powers. Thinking about Waltz’s argument in these terms opens space to disagree with his conclusions while respecting the strength of his logic.
Computer-Based Programmed Instruction Did Not Improve the Knowledge Retention of Medication Instructions of Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ruiz Jorge G. , Andrade Allen D. , Anam Ramanakumar , Lisigurski Miriam , Karanam Chandana , Sharit Joseph
Published: October 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether computer-based programmed instruction (CPI) with a dynamic avatar (DA) improves retention of medication information better than text (controls) or better than CPI with text (T-CPI), CPI with voice (V-CPI), or CPI with static avatar with text (SA-CPI).

Methods

Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing TDS with CPI in 4 conditions (T-CPI, V-CPI, SA-CPI, and DA-CPI). CPI sequentially delivers segmented information in text or voice followed by a multiple-choice question. Immediately after the user selects an option, CPI delivers elaborated feedback. Satisfaction was measured immediately after the interventions, and medication knowledge was measured at 2 weeks.

Results

One-hundred fifty individuals (30 per group) with a mean age 62 years (standard deviation [SD] 7.99 years) participated. There were no baseline differences in race, body mass index, education, and health literacy. Medication knowledge retention at 2 weeks was not significantly different between the groups, df(4), F = 0.17, P = .95 (TDS, mean = 25.43, SD = 5.11; T-CPI, mean = 25.07, SD = 4.98; V-CPI, mean = 25.77, SD = 4.89; SA-CPI, mean = 25.83, SD = 5.31; and DA-CPI, mean = 24.93, SD = 6.25). Satisfaction scores were significantly lower for TDS, df(4), F = 3.11, P = .01.

Conclusions

CPI did not improve medication knowledge retention at 2 weeks. CPI led to higher patient satisfaction compared with controls.
Digital Photography as an Educational Food Logging Tool in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ehrmann Brett J. , Anderson Robert M. , Piatt Gretchen A. , Funnell Martha M. , Rashid Hira , Shedden Kerby , Douyon Liselle
Published: October 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the utility of, and areas of refinement for, digital photography as an educational tool for food logging in obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods

Thirty-three patients aged 18 to 70 with T2DM, body mass index at least 30 kg/m2, and A1C 7.5% to 9% were recruited from an endocrinology clinic and randomized to a week of food logging using a digital camera (DC) or paper diary (PD), crossing over for week 2. Patients then viewed a presentation about dietary effects on blood glucose, using patient DC and blood glucose entries. Outcomes of adherence (based on number of weekly entries), changes in mean blood glucose and frequency of blood glucose checks, and patient satisfaction were compared between methods. Patient feedback on the DC intervention and presentation was also analyzed.

Results

Thirty patients completed the study. Adherence was identical across methods. The mean difference in number of entries was not significant between methods. This difference increased and neared statistical significance (favoring DC) among patients who were adherent for at least 1 week (21 entries, with 2 entries per day for 5 of 7 days, n = 25). Mean blood glucose did not significantly decrease in either method. Patient satisfaction was similar between interventions. Feedback indicated concerns over photograph accuracy, forgetting to use the cameras, and embarrassment using them in public.

Conclusion

Although the DC method was comparable to PD in adherence, blood glucose changes, and patient satisfaction in this pilot trial, patient feedback suggested specific areas of refinement to maximize utility of DC-based food logging as an educational tool in T2DM.
A Research Note on Age Discrimination and the Desire to Retire
Authors: Schermuly Carsten C. , Deller Jürgen , Büsch Victoria
Published: October 2013

Age discrimination is a common problem in organizations. In our pilot study, we want to explore the processes how the desired retirement age is influenced by age discrimination and see psychological empowerment as an important mediator for the relationship between these variables. Data stem from an online questionnaire completed by 130 employees from different organizations in Germany (all 50 years or older). Our results show that age discrimination is an antecedent for the desired retirement age. It has a direct as well as an indirect (via psychological empowerment) effect on the desired retirement age.
Women Who Doctor Shop for Prescription Drugs
Authors: Worley Julie , Thomas Sandra P.
Published: October 2013

Doctor shopping is a term used to describe a form of diversion of prescription drugs when patients visit numerous prescribers to obtain controlled drugs for illicit use. Gender differences exist in regard to prescription drug abuse and methods of diversion. The purpose of this phenomenological study guided by the existential philosophy of Merleau-Ponty was to understand the lived experience of female doctor shoppers. Interviews were conducted with 14 women, which were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Included in the findings are figural aspects of the participants’ experience of doctor shopping related to the existential grounds of world, time, body, and others. Four themes emerged from the data: (a) feeding the addiction, (b) networking with addicts, (c) playing the system, and (d) baiting the doctors. The findings suggest several measures that nurses can take to reduce the incidence of doctor shopping and to provide better care for female doctor shoppers.
AAO‐HNSF CORE Grant Acquisition Is Associated with Greater Scholarly Impact
Authors: Eloy Jean Anderson , Svider Peter F. , Folbe Adam J. , Setzen Michael , Baredes Soly
Published: October 2013

Objective

To determine whether receiving funding from the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO‐HNSF) Centralized Otolaryngology Research Efforts (CORE) grant program is associated with career choice (in terms of practice setting) and scholarly impact.

Study Design and Setting

Examination of bibliometrics among academic otolaryngologists, including CORE grants funding history.

Methods

An Internet search was conducted to determine the current practice setting and, for academic otolaryngologists, academic rank of individuals receiving CORE grants since 1985. The Scopus database was used to determine scholarly impact, as measured by the h‐index, and publication experience (in years) of these practitioners along with a “control” cohort of nonfunded academic otolaryngologists.

Results

Of 432 unique individuals receiving CORE grant funding since 1985, 44.4% are currently academicians. This cohort had a higher h‐index (mean, 11.9; median, 10; interquartile range [IQR], 6‐18) than their non–CORE grant–funded academic peers (mean, 9.2; median, 7; IQR, 3‐13; P =. 002) and colleagues who are not currently in academic practice (mean, 4.4; median, 3; IQR, 0‐6; P <. 001). CORE grant–funded academic otolaryngologists had a statistically higher scholarly impact on controlling for academic rank and among practitioners with greater than 10 years of publication experience. No statistical differences in academic promotion patterns were noted between those with and those without a CORE grant funding history.

Conclusions

Procurement of an AAO‐HNSF CORE grant is associated with greater scholarly impact, as measured by the h‐index. This relationship persists among practitioners with more than 10 years of publication experience, as well as upon comparison of CORE grant–funded and non–CORE grant–funded otolaryngologists at all academic ranks. Practitioners awarded these grants may be more likely to go into and remain in academic practice.
Malignant transformation in solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura
Authors: Law Ming-Ko , Tung Yung-Wei , Jinc Jong-Shiaw
Published: October 2013

A 55-year-old man with a solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura on the left side underwent resection, but 2 recurrent tumors were found 3 years later. The recurrent tumors were reported to have undergone malignant transformation. Recurrent solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura with malignant progression is rare. Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura often has an indolent clinical course, and may be asymptomatic for several years, so postoperative surveillance may necessitate long-term follow-up because of the potentially malignant transformative biological behavior of this type of tumor.
Percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect with situs solitus and dextrocardia
Authors: Galal Mohammed Omar , Khan Muhammad Arif , El-Segaier Milad
Published: October 2013

Percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defect associated with situs solitus and dextrocardia has not been reported previously. We describe the technical difficulties encountered during transcatheter closure of a secundum atrial septal defect in a 19-month-old girl with situs solitus and dextrocardia.
Impact of aortic prosthesis-patient mismatch on left ventricular mass regression
Authors: Alassal Mohamed A , Ibrahim Bedir M , Elsadeck Nabil
Published: October 2013

Background

Prostheses used for aortic valve replacement may be small in relation to body size, causing prosthesis-patient mismatch and delaying left ventricular mass regression. This study examined the effect of prosthesis-patient mismatch on regression of left ventricular mass after aortic valve replacement.

Methods

We prospectively studied 96 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement between 2007 and 2012. Mean and peak gradients and indexed effective orifice area were measured by transthoracic echocardiography at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Patient-prosthesis mismatch was defined as indexed effective orifice area ≤0.85 cm2·m−2.

Results

Moderate prosthesis-patient mismatch was present in 25% of patients. There were no significant differences in demographic and operative data between patients with and without prosthesis-patient mismatch. Left ventricular dimensions, posterior wall thickness, transvalvular gradients, and left ventricular mass decreased significantly after aortic valve replacement in both groups. The interventricular septal diameter and left ventricular mass index regression, and left ventricular ejection fraction were better in patients without prosthesis-patient mismatch. There was a significant positive correlation between the postoperative indexed effective orifice area of each valve prosthesis and the rate of left ventricular mass regression.

Conclusions

Prosthesis-patient mismatch leads to higher transprosthetic gradients and impaired left ventricular mass regression. A small-sized valve prosthesis does not necessarily result in prosthesis-patient mismatch, and may be perfectly adequate in patient with small body size.
Perioperative predictors of midterm survival after aortic valve replacement
Authors: Grau Juan B , Mak Andrew WC , Ferrari Giovanni , Johnson Christopher K , Shaw Richard E , Sperling Jason , Brizzio Mariano E , Zapolanski Alex
Published: October 2013

Background

Elderly patients with aortic stenosis are under-referred for aortic valve replacement surgery. This study investigated the perioperative factors associated with midterm outcomes in a consecutive series of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with or without coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Methods

From 2006 to 2010, 509 patients having aortic valve replacement or aortic valve replacement with coronary artery bypass were grouped according to age (<80 years and ≥80 years) and procedure (aortic valve replacement ± coronary artery bypass). Patient survival was followed up for 5 years (mean 2.6 years). Midterm survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression model statistics.

Results and conclusions

5-year survival among octogenarians was 59.2% with an observed 30-day mortality of 1% for aortic valve replacement and 3% for aortic valve replacement with coronary artery bypass. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that age ≥80 years, New York Heart Association functional class III/IV, and left ventricular ejection fraction <35% were significantly associated with increased midterm mortality. Cox regression modeling demonstrated that age ≥80 years was the only significant independent factor associated with midterm mortality; older patients had a 3-fold increase in mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.231, 95% confidence interval: 1.764–5.920, p < 0.0001). While hospital and 30-day mortality were not statistically different between age groups, age ≥80 years was the most powerful predictor of midterm death. These results support early aortic valve replacement with or without coronary artery bypass in aortic stenosis management.
Carotid-esophageal fistula due to a retained foreign body
Authors: Behesthirouy Samad , Kakaei Farzad
Published: October 2013

We describe a case of carotid-esophageal fistula due to retention of an ingested foreign body in a 65-year-old woman. Late diagnosis resulted in severe hemorrhage and postoperative cerebrovascular accident because of the impossibility of repairing the carotid artery due to severe local inflammation.
Transgressors’ guilt and shame
Authors: Riek Blake M. , Luna Lindsey M. Root , Schnabelrauch Chelsea A.
Published: October 2013

The current study examines forgiveness from the perspective of the transgressor, an often overlooked aspect of interpersonal forgiveness and a model of forgiveness seeking is proposed. Using a 2-wave longitudinal design, 166 participants completed measures of the characteristics of their transgressions, their feelings of guilt and shame, and their forgiveness-seeking behaviors. Cross-lagged correlational analysis indicated that guilt at time 1 was related to forgiveness seeking at time 2, but the opposite was not true. Path analyses revealed that guilt mediated the impact of transgression and relationship factors (i.e., transgression severity, responsibility, rumination, and relationship commitment) on forgiveness-seeking behavior over time. Shame, however, did not demonstrate any unique relationship with forgiveness-seeking behaviors. These findings suggest that guilt serves as a primary motivator for forgiveness seeking, indicating that it is a particularly important element to consider when working with transgressors. Overall, this study provides a conceptual model of the antecedents of forgiveness-seeking behaviors by transgressors, similar to those available for the antecedents of forgiveness seeking by victims.
The expression of compassionate love in everyday compassionate acts
Authors: Reis Harry T. , Maniaci Michael R. , Rogge Ronald D.
Published: October 2013

Compassionate love (CL) is a form of altruistic, caring love that emphasizes concern for the other’s well-being. How is CL expressed in marriage? To address this question, we adopted a behavioral acts perspective in which we examined among newlyweds the presence or absence of a series of behavioral manifestations of CL. A sample of 175 newlywed couples completed daily diaries for 2 weeks, describing their own compassionate acts and their perceptions of their partners’ compassionate acts. We found clear evidence that CL acts contributed to both spouses’ daily marital satisfaction. These effects were independent of general positivity or negativity of behavior. We also employed a quasi-signal detection analysis to determine whether acts that both partners recognize as compassionate are more influential than acts that only one of them acknowledges. This hypothesis was supported. Our findings indicate that CL-related behavior represents a beneficial form of caring interaction that merits further attention in relationship research.
Self-Reported Psychopathic Traits in Sexually Offending Juveniles Compared With Generally Offending Juveniles and General Population Youth
Authors: Boonmann Cyril , Jansen Lucres M. C. , ’t Hart-Kerkhoffs Lisette A. , Vahl Pauline , Hillege Sanne L. , Doreleijers Theo A. H. , Vermeiren Robert R. J. M.
Published: October 2013

The aim of the current study is to gain a better insight into the relationship between sexually aggressive behaviour and psychopathy in youths; juveniles who sexually offended (JSOs) were compared with generally offending youths and a general population group. Seventy-one JSOs, 416 detained general offenders, and 331 males from the general population were assessed by means of the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI), a self-report instrument. Sexually and generally offending juveniles had significantly lower levels of self-reported psychopathic traits than youths from the general population. Juvenile sexual offenders and generally offending juveniles did not differ in self-reported psychopathic traits. Furthermore, no differences in self-reported psychopathic traits were found between subgroups of JSOs (i.e., child molesters, solo offenders, and group offenders). The finding that self-reported psychopathic traits are less prevalent in offending juveniles than in general population youths raises questions about the usefulness of the YPI when comparing psychopathic traits between clinical samples and general-population samples.
A Multiyear Follow-Up Study Examining the Effectiveness of a Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy Program on the Recidivism of Juveniles on Probation
Authors: Jewell Jeremy D. , Malone Michael D. , Rose Paul , Sturgeon Dennis , Owens Sarah
Published: October 2013

The present study evaluated the long-term effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral group therapy program titled Community Opportunity Growth. This study monitored juvenile delinquents’ recidivism across a 7-year time period, with the average length to follow-up being 39 months. It was hypothesized that program graduates ( N = 178) would have a significantly lower recidivism rate than a control group (program nonstarters; N = 66) and program dropouts (whose predisposing factors may have influenced their program participation; N = 150). Analyses controlled for sex, ethnicity, age, prior petitions, highest class of prior petition, and months to follow-up. Results show a general trend indicating the long-term effectiveness of the program as graduates had a lower incidence of petitions at follow-up compared with dropouts and fewer petitions compared with the other two groups.
Tales From the Hood
Authors: Bolden Christian
Published: October 2013

Using in-depth interviews with current and former gang members in Bexar County, Texas, and Orange County, Florida, this research examines the processes and methods of joining and leaving gangs. Although initiation is generally believed to be the line of demarcation for gang members, the gang members interviewed for this study indicated that there are several nonviolent methods of gang entrance. Gang desistance was very common, but successfully leaving the gang often depended upon geographical separation and alternate support systems. Lack of the aforementioned elements led to ambivalent behaviors in which individuals straddled the line between gangs and conventional lifestyles.
A Novel Mutation in STXBP1 Gene in a Child With Epileptic Encephalopathy and an Atypical Electroclinical Pattern
Authors: Romaniello Romina , Zucca Claudio , Tenderini Erika , Arrigoni Filippo , Ragona Francesca , Zorzi Giovanna , Bassi Maria Teresa , Borgatti Renato
Published: October 2013

Mutations in STXBP1 gene, encoding the syntaxin binding protein 1, have been recently described in Ohtahara syndrome, or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression-burst pattern, and in other early-onset epileptic encephalopathies. A 3-year-old boy affected by epileptic encephalopathy started at 8 months of age is described. Focal epilepsy was characterized by drug resistance seizures with multifocal interictal and ictal electroencephalographic (EEG) features and variable EEG focus. Direct sequencing of the STXBP1 gene showed a novel de novo mutation (c.751G>A), leading to a p.Ala251Thr substitution. Based on reported data, treatment with vigabatrin was attempted and patient became immediately seizure free for 4 months. The present case further expands the clinical spectrum of “ STXBP1-related encephalopathy” suggesting molecular analysis of STXBP1 in early onset epileptic encephalopathies of unknown etiology (with onset within the first year of life). In addition, the case provides valuable suggestions on seizures treatment in STXBP1 mutated subjects.
State of Nutrition Support Teams
Authors: DeLegge Mark Henry , True Kelley Andrea
Published: October 2013

The incidence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients is relatively high (up to 55%) despite breakthroughs in nutrition support therapies. These patients have increased morbidity and mortality, extended hospital stays, and care that is associated with higher costs. These patients are often poorly managed due to inadequate nutrition assessment and poor medical knowledge and practice in the field of nutrition. Nutrition support teams (NSTs) are interdisciplinary support teams with specialty training in nutrition that are often comprised of physicians, dietitians, nurses, and pharmacists. Their role includes nutrition assessment, determination of nutrition needs, recommendations for appropriate nutrition therapy, and management of nutrition support therapy. Studies have demonstrated significant improvements in patient nutrition status and improved clinical outcomes as well as reductions in costs when patients were appropriately managed by a multispecialty NST vs individual caregivers. Despite this, there has been steady decline in the number of formal NST in recent years (65% of hospitals in 1995 to 42% in 2008) as hospitals and other healthcare organizations look for ways to cut costs. Given the importance of nutrition status on clinical outcomes and overall healthcare costs, a number of institutions have introduced and sustained strong nutrition training and support programs and teams, demonstrating both clinical and economic benefit. The benefits of NST, training and implementation strategies, and tips for justifying these clinically and economically beneficial groups to healthcare organizations and governing bodies are discussed in this review.
Performance Measurement Challenges in Nonprofit Human Service Organizations
Authors: Carnochan Sarah , Samples Mark , Myers Michael , Austin Michael J.
Published: October 2013

This qualitative study examines the experiences of four nonprofit human service organizations engaging in performance measurement processes to satisfy accountability requirements and increase organizational and program effectiveness. Nonprofits are increasingly required to respond to performance measurement mandates issuing from multiple sources. However, many of the recommended strategies have been developed in the for-profit and public sectors, and are less appropriate or feasible for nonprofit organizations. Three central findings emerged from interviews, focus groups, and review of archival data. First, the complexity of human change processes and the variation among individual clients complicate efforts to define client outcomes. Second, staff skills play a critical role in effective utilization of data systems. Third, organizational strategies to support performance measurement include incorporating user perspectives into system design and providing adequate staff access to data.
Critical realism in social research: approach with caution
Authors: Brown Andrew
Published: October 2013

Critical realism has become increasingly influential in employment relations research and has a presence across the human sciences. This article argues that the critical realist ontology has surface appeal for local and specific case study research but is fundamentally at variance with the nature of the capitalist system. Unlike the immediate appearances of a local and specific site such as the workplace, the main features of the capitalist system (commodities, money, capital, profits, wages, etc.) are analytically inseparable – they can only be defined and comprehended together as a unified whole. Consequently, the critical realist ontology of separable structures in interaction hinders comprehension of the capitalist system. In fact, critical realism corrupts an approach termed ‘systematic abstraction’ which can aid system-wide theory. Despite claims to the contrary, critical realism thereby obscures the system-wide significance of local and specific cases, blocking progress in social research.
Development of a postprocessing approach for three-dimensional micro-electrical discharge machining milling and application in simultaneous micro-electrical discharge/electrochemical milling
Authors: Nguyen Minh Dang , Rahman Mustafizur , Wong Yoke San
Published: October 2013

Micro-electrical discharge machining milling is a promising method to fabricate three-dimensional microshapes owing to its negligible cutting force and high-dimensional accuracy achievable. In order to machine intricate features, it requires the application of computer-aided manufacturing software to automatically generate the motion pattern for the electrode. Although most commercial computer-aided manufacturing systems cater for conventional milling, they cannot be directly applied for micro-electrical discharge machining milling due to the electrode wear issue and the existence of machining gap. This article presents these process-related issues and proposes an approach in customizing the conventional milling computer-aided manufacturing software for micro-electrical discharge machining milling of three-dimensional intricate shapes. The results show that it is feasible to utilize the current computer-aided manufacturing software to automatically generate tool paths for three-dimensional micro-electrical discharge machining milling by appropriately considering the tool wear and the inherent machining gap. In addition, further control parameters are also considered to achieve fine finish machining condition called simultaneous micro-electrical discharge/electrochemical milling. Different intricate three-dimensional microshapes are produced and evaluated to demonstrate the capability of this approach.
Reporting and Clearance of Cyberbullying Incidents
Authors: Addington Lynn A.
Published: October 2013

Cyberbullying continues to receive growing research attention, but much of this work focuses on prevalence estimates. Little is known about responses to these incidents. The present study relies on traditional theoretical explanations as a basis for modeling predictors for reporting to authorities and police clearance of cyberbullying using two national data sources. Initial support is obtained for the importance of incident seriousness and solvability characteristics for cyberbullying reporting and clearance. These findings suggest the utility of traditional theory to explain responses to cyberbullying, and also highlight a need for measures tailored to the cyber context to comprehensively test such models.
The 21st-Century Syllabus
Authors: Fornaciari Charles J. , Lund Dean Kathy
Published: October 2013

While the scholarship of teaching and learning literature has made great advances in our understanding of how learning might best occur, the syllabus as a teaching and learning tool appears to have been almost completely left out of the developmental conversation. Overwhelmingly, extant literature about syllabi and their use focuses on operational course norms—what to include, policies to be delineated, structural aspects to be covered. However, the student development literature and in particular, the Generation Y age cohort literature, indicates that information processing norms may increasingly degrade students’ ability to use course syllabi for their intended purpose. In this article, we explore how and why the role of a course syllabus has changed, particularly in the management education realm, using the andragogy literature to frame the discussion. Employing four analytic frames from the current syllabus development literature—syllabus as contract, as power, as communication or signaling device, and as collaboration—we offer current and andragogically revised excerpts from our own syllabi as part of the conversation.
Exchange Marriages in a Community of Pakistan
Authors: Zaman Muhammad
Published: October 2013

The structuralist and social exchange theorists relate the system of the exchange marriage mainly to socioeconomic interests, the formation of political and social alliances, as well as to the creation of a kinship network. However, they negate the inherited problems of the system of the exchange. This article discloses positive and negative aspects of the exchange and the cycle of social exchange. This study focuses on the notion of adequate social exchange. The study reveals tensions between individual and collective perspectives, as well as the conditions under which it—gradually and slightly—is being transformed on the basis of the notion of the adequate social exchange.
The Ethical Use of Social Media in Marriage and Family Therapy
Authors: Jordan Nickolas A. , Russell Lindy , Afousi Elnaz , Chemel Tasha , McVicker Melissa , Robertson Janet , Winek John
Published: October 2013

Increasingly, people spend time online, communicating via e-mail, websites, instant messages, and various social media platforms that incorporate text, video, and online photo albums. Social media have altered the way people spend their time and communicate with each other; this includes mental health professionals. It is imperative that therapists are knowledgeable about the ways social media affects clients’ personal interactions as well as the ethical implications of their own professional use of social media. Professional organizations do not provide adequate ethical guidelines for therapeutic practice regarding social media; therefore, ethical codes should be adjusted to include the new media as they arise. After reviewing related literature from other mental health disciplines, the authors offer recommendations to be integrated into the professional ethical codes for mental health professionals to ensure the ethical use of social media in therapy. The authors organize their recommendations around several key principles from various mental health codes of ethics.
Explanations for the Success of Video Interaction Guidance (VIG)
Authors: Doria Maria V. , Kennedy Hilary , Strathie Calum , Strathie Sandra
Published: October 2013

Video interaction guidance (VIG) is an effective method for family work that is increasingly popular in clinical practice in several European countries. However, the factors that explain the success of this method are still unclear. This research provides a first contribution to fill this gap, by exploring the explanations of those who directly experience VIG. Five client families, three VIG professionals, and five VIG supervisors participated in the study. Content analysis of 15 therapeutic sessions, interviews, and focus groups was carried out. Results suggest that VIG improves family happiness, parental self-esteem and self-efficacy, and attitude–behavior change due to four key methodological components of VIG: (a) the professional’s reception and support, (b) the videoed interaction, (c) the success-focused approach, and (d) the video as a proof of success and change and two key underlying mechanisms of VIG success: (a) the metacognitive processes and (b) the shared construction of a new reality. The identified factors were integrated in a model, aiming to explain the success of VIG in the context of family psychotherapy.
Trauma-Focused Integrated Play Therapy
Authors: Sori Catherine Ford , Schnur Sheryl
Published: October 2013

In this article, Catherine Sori interviews Dr. Eliana Gil about her work with traumatized children and their families. Eliana Gil discusses her trauma-focused integrative play therapy model, and gives practical tips on how to use the model to improve practice with this population. This is the first of two articles from an interview with Dr. Eliana Gil.
New Role of Tourism in National Park Planning in Finland
Authors: Puhakka Riikka , Saarinen Jarkko
Published: October 2013

Following the growth of nature-based tourism, national parks have become important tourist attractions and tools for regional development. This article examines how the role of tourism changed in national park planning in Finland in the 2000s by analyzing official planning documents of parks. The planning documents and the policies guiding them are seen to reflect the governance aspects of parks. The study indicates that the role and management value of tourism have clearly increased in Finnish national park planning. In the planning documents, tourism is increasingly justified not only with recreational and educational arguments but also by the aspects of regional development. The aim has been to combine the ecological goals of nature conservation and the socioeconomic goals of nature-based tourism by implementing the principles of sustainable development. This discursive policy shift reflects the rise of neoliberalist politics in which nature conservation has become more instrumental and market oriented than before.
“People, Planet & Profit”: Consumer-Oriented Hegemony and Power Relations in Palm Oil and Agrofuel Certification
Authors: Pichler Melanie
Published: October 2013

Palm oil comprises the fastest growing monoculture in the world and is used for food, cosmetics, and agrofuels. This article analyzes the attempts to guarantee the sustainable production of palm oil and agrofuels through voluntary certification schemes such as the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) from a critical state and hegemony theory perspective. Rather than seeing the RSPO as a voluntary and nongovernmental instrument that represents the interests of all concerned stakeholders equally, I analyze the roundtable as part of a transnational network state that is characterized by strategic selectivities, that is, some interests and strategies are privileged over others. Based on expert interviews in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore and the analysis of primary documents I conclude that the RSPO privileges business interests in general and export-oriented palm oil companies and downstream industries along the value chain in particular, whereas smallholders, plantation workers, and indigenous peoples are marginalized through different structures and processes, contributing to an actual depoliticization of socioecological conflicts.
Open-closed-loop iterative learning control for hydraulically driven fatigue test machine of insulators
Authors: Wang Shou-kun , Zhao Jiang-bo , Wang Jun-zheng
Published: October 2013

To simulate large loading and intensive vibration in fatigue experiments for insulators, the hydraulically driven fatigue test machine is researched in the present study, because it has the advantages of large power, fast response and high precision. An open-closed-loop proportional-derivative (PD)-type iterative learning control (ILC) scheme is designed for control of this fatigue test machine to obtain ideal vibration performance. Firstly, the hydraulic scheme and control principle are introduced, including static and dynamic control subsystems, and then the actual fatigue test machine based on such principles is described. The mathematical model of the electro-hydraulic servo load system is built, which shows that this system is completely different from traditional hydraulic position-control systems, and indicates that with conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control it is difficult to achieve a satisfactory result. Therefore an open-closed-loop PD-type ILC method has been designed and applied to the fatigue test machine to achieve the high-precision control for dynamic force with repetitive regularity. This control method is simulated and experimented fully, and it is compared with PID control, open-loop and closed-loop ILCs. The experimental results have verified the correctness and feasibility of the hydraulic scheme and control principle, as well as the superiority of the open-closed-loop PD-type ILC. The fatigue test machine based on electro-hydraulic principles and the open-closed-loop ILC discussed in the present study have been applied to fatigue experiments for a serial of the compound insulators and gave an ideal performance, with specifications of 150 KN maximum static force, 20 KN maximum dynamic force, 0.5 KN force control precision and 100 Hz maximum dynamic frequency.
Boxes
Authors: Bettivia Rhiannon
Published: October 2013

The author takes a critical look at race, class, and local cultural values in two stories linked by the common theme of boxes. In one story, issues of race and class are highlighted through the recounting of a jury duty experience, wherein two defendants of color are on trial for holding a mystery box for a friend. In another, the author speaks about the loss of a relative to AIDS and having to carry a box to the funeral. In reimagining, the author brings the two together to posit what might have lead to the trial and the holding of the mystery box.
Mindful Walking
Authors: Jung Yuha
Published: October 2013

Mindful walking is an alternative way for a researcher to gather empirical materials through physical engagement so that she may ultimately make them more visible to others who may not be physically present. The empirical materials collected through mindful walking facilitates further theorization in ethnographic research. In this sense, walking can be explained using the following four concepts: curious spectator or flâneur, entangled pathways, ways of knowing, and meditation. To illustrate the promise of mindful walking, I describe in detail the insights I was able to develop through using this method for my doctoral dissertation, which involved an ethnographic case study of an art museum. A substantial portion of my empirical materials for this research comes from the embodied experience of walking; this method of conscious observation through emplaced movement afforded a unique perspective of the museum, its surrounding community, and how they coexist within an entangled social web.
An Autoethnography in Four Acts or A Bright Humiliation
Authors: Limes-Taylor Kelly , Kaufmann Jodi
Published: October 2013

In this autoethnography, the authors try to reconcile knowledge of theory, prose, and poetry with the understandings of Kelly’s role as a domestic worker. While focusing on four events in Kelly’s tenure as a maid, the authors present literature that mirrors, predicts, and provides an analysis of her experiences and her reactions to/thoughts about them. If all the world truly is a stage, this autoethnography aims to trouble the entire production—from the actors to the audience, from the script to the setting. Above all else, of course, the narrator is to be questioned. Never objective, never omniscient, literature and theory insist on an interrogation of the narrator, who always has a motive for revealing some parts of the story and not others.