bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migration Pattern of a Cobalt-Chrome Monoblock Acetabular Component after Metal-on-Metal HIP Resurfacing
Authors: Roda Richard , Whittingham-Jones Paul M. , Lee Joshua , Ryu Jae-Jin , Beaulé Paul E.
Published: March 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to study the initial fixation and migration pattern of a monoblock acetabular component used for a metal on metal hip resurfacing using Einzel Bild Roentgen Analyse (EBRA).

Methods

99 patients with a mean age of 49.6 years (range 28.5-66.3 years) of whom 14 were bilateral underwent a hip resurfacing (Conserve Plus®, MicroPort, Memphis, TN) for a total of 113 resurfacings. Acetabular component orientation was noted with 35 of the 113 components (31.0%) having a lucency >2 mm on the immediate postoperative radiograph.

Results

The mean follow-up for our cohort of 113 hips is 50 months (2-79 months). When examining the 2-year migration mark, 37 of the 113 hips exceeded the threshold of 0.5 mm/year with a median total migration of 1.40 mm (range 1.02-4.24). 6 resurfacings underwent revision surgery for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component at a mean time of 43.6 months. Presence of initial lucency (OR 2.29, p = 0.05) was the only significant predictor of migration over threshold at 2-years. Those that had migrated over the threshold (1.0 mm) at 2 years were at significantly greater risk of continued migration at 4 years.

Conclusions

The migration pattern of this component raises concerns about long term performance, with postoperative lucencies representing a significant factor for future migration.
HIP Arthroscopy for the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Comparative Study between the Classic and the Outside-in Access
Authors: Sandoval Enrique , Martín-Ríos María Dolores , Cimas David , Masegosa Alberto , Calvo Emilio
Published: March 2016

Purpose

To compare the functional outcomes of patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) performed with either the classic or the outside-in access to the hip.

Methods

Data regarding patients arthroscopically treated for FAI from January 2009 to June 2013 were retrospectively reviewed and compared regarding the type of access.

Results

101 hips (91 patients) with a minimum of 12 months follow-up (mean 22 months, range 12-40 months) were included. Classic access was used in 48 cases while outside-in access was performed in 53 cases. Mean age was 37 years (range 15.7-59.6 years). Both groups were comparable with respect to preoperative characteristics. Mean operating time was 162 minutes for the outside-in group and 172 minutes for the classic access group. Complications between both groups showed no statistically significant differences but for the presence of heterotopic calcifications, which was more frequently observed regarding the outside-in access. Outcomes measured by the modified Harris Hip Score showed no overall differences regarding both types of access, except for patients under 35 years old, where there was a statistically significant increase in excellent and good outcomes with the use of the classic access in comparison to the outside-in technique. Postoperative hip motion was also significantly higher in the classic access group.

Conclusions

No differences have been found in outcomes regardless the access used. Classic access seems to offer a higher postoperative range of motion and lower risk of heterotopic ossifications.
Medium-Term Results following Large Diameter Metal-on-Metal Total HIP Arthroplasty: Increasing Failure after 6 Years
Authors: Dhotare Satish V. , Shivarathre Deepak G. , Croitoru Cristina , Armstrong Catherine , Kapoor Birender , Peter Viju K.
Published: March 2016

Purpose

The main aim of our study is to report the medium-term survivorship of Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) cup and a large modular metal head (MMT) on an uncemented Freeman femoral stem. No results have been reported till date with these implants combinations.

Methods

A total of 205 metal-on-metal total hip replacements (MoM THRs) were performed on 190 patients from October 2002 to November 2004. Prior to the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) guidelines, the patients were followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively and annually thereafter. Following the MHRA alert in 2010, the patients were followed-up as per the MHRA guidelines. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 13.

Results

At a mean follow-up of 10.5 years, a total of 42 out of 205 hips were revised for reasons related to ALTR. The failure rates increased significantly over time (7% at 6 years and 29% at 10-year follow-up). The analysis showed no statistically significant association to age, gender, side, BMI or component size or position (p<0.05). Blood metal ions showed a poor discriminant ability to separate failed from well-functioning MoM hip replacements.

Conclusions

Large head MoM BHR on an uncemented stem has extremely high failure rate. The authors do not recommend the use of large head MoM articulation in total hip arthroplasty in the wake of this report and similar findings across the world. Continued surveillance of these implants is required as the failure rates increase with time.
Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for Femoral head Osteonecrosis after Healed Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Yin Wenjing , Xu Zhengliang , Sheng Jiagen , Zhang Changqing , Zhu Zhenhong
Published: March 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the potential risk factors of the development of femoral head osteonecrosis after healed intertrochanteric fractures.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all patients who were operated upon with closed reduction and internal fixation for intertrochanteric fractures by our medical group from December 1993 to December 2012. Patients with healed fractures were identified. Age, gender, comorbidities favouring osteonecrosis, causes of injuries, fracture patterns, the location of the primary fracture line, time from injury to surgery, fixation methods, and the development of femur head osteonecrosis of these patients were summarised. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the correlation between potential risk factors and the development of femoral head osteonecrosis.

Results

A total of 916 patients with healed intertrochanteric fractures were identified. Femoral head osteonecrosis was found in 8 cases (0.87%). According to the results of univariate logistic regression, a more proximal fracture line, fixation with dynamic hip screws and age were found to be statistically significant factors. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the statistically significant predictors of femoral head osteonecrosis were younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 17.103; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.988-147.111), a more proximal fracture line (OR = 31.439; 95% CI, 3.700-267.119) and applying dynamic hip screw as the internal fixation (OR = 11.114; 95% CI, 2.064-59.854).

Conclusions

Regular follow-up is commended in young patients with a proximal fracture line who underwent closed reduction and internal fixation with dynamic hip screw, even though the bone had healed.
High/Positive Expression of 5-Fluorouracil Metabolic Enzymes Predicts Better Response to S-1 in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Dan , Yu Xuejun , Wang Xiuwen
Published: March 2016

Purpose

To provide an assessment by meta-analysis of the relationship between the expression variations of 5-fluorouracil metabolic enzymes and clinical outcomes in patients with gastric cancer treated with S-1.

Method

Databases were searched electronically from inception to April 19th, 2015. Studies in gastric cancer patients treated with S-1 investigating the expression variations of 5-fluorouracil metabolic enzymes were included after having been identified systematically. Pooled odds ratios (OR) for the objective response rate (ORR) and median survival ratio were calculated using the Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software separately.

Results

A total of 555 patients in 10 studies met our inclusion criteria. There was a significant difference in ORR between patients with high/+ and low/- expression of orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) (OR = 8.06; 95% CI, 4.06-16.02; p<0.001) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) (OR = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.21-3.13; p = 0.006). There was no significant difference in ORR between different expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP). Although patients with low/- TS expression, low/- TP expression and high/+ DPD expression showed a trend towards longer survival, no statistical significance was found. The median OS was significantly longer in patients with high/+ expression of OPRT (p = 0.076).

Conclusions

OPRT and DPD expression can be treated as a potential predictive biomarker for S-1 response in gastric cancer patients. Further investigation is warranted.
Are Early Cannulation Arteriovenous Grafts (ecAVG) a Viable Alternative to Tunnelled Central venous Catheters (TCVCs)? An Observational “Virtual Study” and Budget Impact Analysis
Authors: Aitken Emma , Iqbal Kashfa , Thomson Peter , Kasthuri Ram , Kingsmore David
Published: March 2016

Background

Early cannulation arteriovenous grafts (ecAVGs) are advocated as an alternative to tunnelled central venous catheters (TCVCs). A real-time observational “virtual study” and budget impact model was performed to evaluate a strategy of ecAVG as a replacement to TCVC as a bridge to definitive access creation.

Methodology

Data on complications and access-related bed days was collected prospectively for all TCVCs inserted over a six-month period (n = 101). The feasibility and acceptability of an alternative strategy (ecAVGs) was also evaluated. A budget impact model comparing the two strategies was performed. Autologous access in the form of native fistula was the goal wherever possible.

Results

We found 34.7% (n = 35) of TCVCs developed significant complications (including 17 culture-proven bacteraemia and one death from line sepsis). Patients spent an average of 11.9 days/patient/year in hospital as a result of access-related complications. The wait for TCVC insertion delayed discharge in 35 patients (median: 6 days). The ecAVGs were a practical and acceptable alternative to TCVCs in over 80% of patients. Over a 6-month period, total treatment costs per patient wereGBP5882 in the TCVC strategy and GBP4954 in the ecAVG strategy, delivering potential savings of GBP927 per patient. The ecAVGs had higher procedure and re-intervention costs (GBP3014 vs. GBP1836); however, these were offset by significant reductions in septicaemia treatment costs (GBP1322 vs. GBP2176) and in-patient waiting time bed costs (GBP619 vs. GBP1870).

Conclusions

Adopting ecAVGs as an alternative to TCVCs in patients requiring immediate access for haemodialysis may provide better individual patient care and deliver cost savings to the hospital.
Trans-Collateral Angioplasty in Vascular Access Intervention Therapy for Subacute Occluded Vessel
Authors: Higuchi Yusuke , Nomura Tetsuya , Ikeda Kisho , Kubota Hiroshi , Miyawaki Daisuke , Urata Ryota , Sugimoto Takeshi , Kato Taku , Keira Natsuya , Tatsumi Tetsuya
Published: March 2016

We describe the first reported case of successful trans-collateral angioplasty (TCA) in vascular access intervention therapy (VAIVT) for a subacute occluded lesion in the vascular access route. TCA is a technique which has been developed in the field of endovascular therapy for peripheral arterial disease and is usually applied for a long chronic total occluded lesion with no available distal puncture site. Because such lesion characteristics suitable for being applied with TCA are not usually seen in the patients who receive VAIVT, there is little opportunity when TCA is performed in VAIVT. The present patient showed subacute occlusion in the vascular access route with well-developed collateral blood vessels. Because antegrade wiring resulted in subintimal tracking, we failed to antegradely introduce the guidewire to the vascular true lumen. Moreover, no puncture site in the venous side was anatomically available. Therefore, we adopted the strategy of TCA and successfully completed the procedure. Although we rarely encounter the situation in which TCA is necessary for VAIVT, the strategy of TCA is a promising procedure if the condition permits.
خريجي أقسام علم المكتبات والمعلومات بالجزائر بين التكوين ومتطلبات سوق العمل دراسة ميدانية بمكتبات بمدينة قسنطينة
Authors: Gamouh Nadjia , Bouderbane Azzedine , Boukhalfa Khadidja
Published: March 2016

خريجي أقسام علم المكتبات والمعلومات بالجزائر بين التكوين ومتطلبات سوق العمل دراسة ميدانية بمكتبات بمدينة قسنطينة

عرف سوق العمل في مجال المكتبات والمعلومات بالجزائر خلال هذه السنوات الأخيرة حركية كبيرة،تميزت بتطور وتيرة طلب المؤسسات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والعلمية على أخصائيين في مجال المكتبات والمعلومات بصورة متزايدة، بحثا عن توفير كوادر بشرية مؤهلة تعمل على تطوير العمل بها وفق المعايير والمبادئ الأساسية في المجال، تكون قادرة على ملاحقة متطلبات محيط العمل في ظل التطورات العلمية، والاجتماعية، والثقافية، والاقتصادية والتكنولوجية التي عرفها القرن الحادي والعشرين . وعلى هذا الأساس يعتبر التكوين ومناهجه من العمليات الأساسية ليس في تنمية القوى البشرية فحسب، وإنما في عملية التخطيط الوطني لكيفيات توجيه العمالة لسوق العمل بما يتوافق واحتياجات هذه الأخيرة بمتغيراتها العديدة نتيجة الثورة المعلوماتية في العصر الرقمي. من هنا زاد الاهتمام بالعملية التكوينية قصد الاستثمار في بناء العنصر البشري الذي أبدع في ابتكار كل التقنيات والتكنولوجيات الحديثة التي عرفتها البشرية خلال هذه السنوات الأخيرة. هذا الاهتمام تجسد على أرض الواقع بتطوير وتحديث المناهج الدراسية قصد تحسين مستوى وكفاءة العاملين في حقل المكتبات والمعلومات، لجعلها تتوافق واحتياجات سوق العمل عن طريق جعل المنتسبين إلى هذا التخصص قادرين على التعامل مع ما يسميه البعض بالتكنولوجيا الفكرية وما تتضمنه من تقنيات مطلوبة للتنظيم الفني والتقني والإداري لأنظمة المعلومات التقليدية والافتراضية على حد سواء. ويحاول هذا البحث تسليط الضوء على واقع خريجي أقسام علوم المكتبات والمعلومات بسوق العمل الجزائري ، و مدى توافق مقررات التكوين المعتمدة بهذه الأقسام للتطورات الحاصلة في سوق العمل من حيث موائمتها لطبيعة المهارات والكفايات المطلوبة لممارسة العمل بمؤسسات المعلومات من جهة ، وللمتطلبات التي فرضتها بيئة العمل الرقمية الجديدة التي اقل ما يمكن أن توصف به هي المنافسة الشديدة من جهة ثانية. ويسعى هذا البحث الى دراسة هذا الموضوع من خلال دراسة ميدانية بالمكتبات العامة والجامعية بمدينة قسنطينة، اعتمدت فيها الاستبانة كأداة أساسية لجمع المعلومات.
The Dark Side of the Chinese Stock Market: Managerial Rent-Seeking through Equity Incentives
Authors: Zhao Li-jun , Wang Zheng-wei
Published: March 2016

Despite widespread attention, most previous papers have failed to test the real effects of equity-based compensation because of endogeneity. In this study, we collected data from the Chinese companies listed in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2006 to 2012. After controlling the problem of endogeneity and selection bias, the results show that equity incentives have no significant influence on improving firm performance. Moreover, these companies were more likely to propose an equity incentive plan when the executives expected that it would be easy to satisfy the vesting conditions. Based on these facts, equity incentives have become managerial rent-seeking for the executives in the Chinese stock market. This is certainly not fair for the investors in the stock market. This paper uses one new method to study the real effects of equity incentives and contributes to the research on the Chinese stock markets and their compensation structures.
The Influence of Weather Conditions on Rates of Return of Polish Equity Indices
Authors: Borowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2016

The influence of the weather on human behavior have been featured in many, not only scientific publications.  This paper tests the hypothesis that the one-session average rates of return of equity indices (WIG, WIG20, mWIG40 and sWIG80) calculated for the different weather conditions differ in two populations. The atmospheric conditions taken into consideration in this paper are as follows: maximum and minimum daily temperature, sunny hours, rainfall, maximum and average wind velocity, atmospheric pressure, snow depth, sun energy ultraviolet radiation index. In the analyzed period, the impact on the daily rates of return was observed in the case of the following weather conditions: maximum daily temperature, sunny hours, rainfall, maximum wind velocity and atmospheric pressure. The other analyzed weather conditions such as average wind velocity, minimum daily temperature, snow depth, sun energy ultraviolet radiation index, turned out to be irrelevant. Thus, the influence of some weather condition on registered rates of return on the Polish equity markets has been proved.
Stationarity of Real Exchange Rates in the “Fragile Five”: Analysis with Structural Breaks
Authors: Umit A. Oznur
Published: March 2016

In this study the stationarity of monthly real exchange rate data for the “fragile five” countries which are among the emerging market economies, is analyzed for the period of 2003:01-2015:10, using traditional unit root tests and unit root tests with structural breaks. According to the results of traditional Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root test results, it has been determined that the real exchange rate series of the fragile five countries had a unit root and therefore the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) hypothesis does not hold true in these countries. The results of a Zivot-Andrews unit root test, which allows for a single structural break, show that real exchange rate series were stationary for Brazil and India, and hence the PPP hypothesis is valid in these countries. According to the results of a Lee-Strazicich unit root test, which allows for two structural breaks, it has been concluded that the hypothesis is valid only for India. Likewise, using the Carrion-i- Sivestre (CS) unit root test, which allows for five structural breaks in the time series, it has been determined that only South Africa’s and India’s real exchange rate series are not stationary, and therefore the PPP hypothesis is not valid for these countries. In line with the results of the CS unit root test it can be claimed that, due to the fact that South African and Indian central banks are not under the pressure of establishing exchange rate stability, they have the possibility of implementing an independent monetary policy.
Sudden Stops and Capital Controls: When to Apply in Turkey
Authors: Adas Cenk Gokce , Kartalli F. Yesim
Published: March 2016

Emerging market countries need capital inflows to finance their current account deficits since their domestic savings are not at desired levels. Foreign direct investment is the appreciated form of capital inflows. However, indirect capital inflows can also boost growth if used in a proper manner. If a country has weak fundamentals and institutional structures or there exists an external shock, speculative foreign capital can easily and rapidly fly away while leaving a financial crisis behind. In this study, we summarize the theoretical background of sudden stops, and then try to identify the sudden stops in Turkey for 1996-2009 period and question the reasons of such disruptions. We particularly focus on periods just before and after the global financial crises. To identify a sudden stop period we use “means” and “volatilities” as well as changes in capital inflows/GDP ratios. Finally, we attempt to find out inflow control mechanisms to minimize the volatility of capital movements.
Studying Languages in the Linguistic Landscape of Lijiang Old Town
Authors: Xia Na , Li Lisheng
Published: March 2016

As one of the new developments in the field of applied linguistics, linguistic landscape research has attracted many international scholars’ attention in recent years. The research examined the types of language use and their distributions, especially the use of the bilingual and multilingual signs, and the attitudes of local governmental officials, shop owners or employees, domestic and international tourists towards the use of Chinese, Dongba scripts, and English. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to explore the research subjects. To be specific, digital camera was used for data collection of quantitative analysis, and questionnaires and interviews were also adopted for qualitative analysis. The analyses of research results showed that the linguistic landscapes of Fuhui Street and Xinhua Street indicated significant difference.
The Realization of Complaint Strategies among Iranian Female EFL Learners and Female Native English Speakers: A Politeness Perspective
Authors: Eshraghi Atefeh , Shahrokhi Mohsen
Published: March 2016

Speech acts are interesting areas of research and there has been much research on speech acts. Complaint is a type of speech act and how to use it in interaction is important to EFL learners. The complaint strategies employed by Iranian female EFL learners and female English native speakers were compared in this study. Also, the effects of contextual variables (Social distance and Social power) on the choice of complaint strategies by Iranian female EFL learners and female native English speakers were studied in this research. Thirty Iranian female EFL learners and thirty female native English speakers participated in this study. The two instruments which were used in this study included Oxford Placement Test (OPT) and Discourse Completion Test (DCT). The (DCT), as an open-ended questionnaire was administrated to them to elicit complaint speech acts. Then, the collected data were analyzed according to a modified taxonomy of complaint strategies proposed by Trosoborg (1995). The results indicated that there was a significant difference between Iranian female EFL learners and female native English speakers in terms of using complaint strategies. Iranian female EFL learners used indirect complaint, while female native English speakers used the direct complaint more frequently; and contextual variables had a great influence on complaint strategy choice by participants of two groups.
Topicality of Linguistic Competence and Performance Teaching at Higher Educational Institutions of the Russian Federation (on the Example of RANEPA)
Authors: Prudnikova Nadezhda Nikolaevna
Published: March 2016

The topic and importance of linguistic competence, performance and significance of a modern methodology in teaching writing skill, is highlighted for higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation. Transdisciplinary approach and interactive method are viewed as the most efficient ways of performance formation. Writing is regarded as cognitive mechanism of linguistic competence development. Significance of writing skills is explained by new educational standards of Russia and its integration into the European Higher Education Area. Paramount importance of writing skills is determined by shift of the higher educational institutions of the RF to the grant earning activity connected with composing many documents such as application letters, reports, blogs, e-mails, different forms, working papers, articles in the international repositories. Creative writing is presented as the most complex and effective way of EFL teaching.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 5 No. 2
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: March 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 5 No. 2, April 2016.
Design and characterization of MEMS optical devices using slot-ring resonator for low-voltage operation
Authors: Amemiya Yoshiteru , Noda Kazuki , Sennichi Takuma , Yokoyama Shin
Published: March 2016

To realize MEMS optical devices with low-voltage operation of less than 1 V, we have proposed a slot-ring resonator with a beam structure. The performance of the proposed device is investigated. From the simulation, a more than 10 dB extinction ratio is estimated at a low voltage of 0.5 V, when the slot waveguide width is 250 nm and the slot width is 50 nm. We succeeded in the fabrication of the proposed device structure, and improvement of the quality factor (from 6400 to 14000) is achieved by changing the lithography process. The modulating operation is confirmed but the extinction ratio is lower than the simulated value. There are several considerable reasons for this low extinction ratio, such as non-optimal carrier concentration in slot waveguides and nonparallel arrangement of slot waveguides and so on. Optimizing the fabrication processes will solve this, and the expected high performance will be achieved.
Design and evaluation of area-efficient and wide-range impedance analysis circuit for multichannel high-quality brain signal recording system
Authors: Iwagami Takuma , Tani Takaharu , Ito Keita , Nishino Satoru , Harashima Takuya , Kino Hisashi , Kiyoyama Koji , Tanaka Tetsu
Published: March 2016

To enable chronic and stable neural recording, we have been developing an implantable multichannel neural recording system with impedance analysis functions. One of the important things for high-quality neural signal recording is to maintain well interfaces between recording electrodes and tissues. We have proposed an impedance analysis circuit with a very small circuit area, which is implemented in a multichannel neural recording and stimulating system. In this paper, we focused on the design of an impedance analysis circuit configuration and the evaluation of a minimal voltage measurement unit. The proposed circuit has a very small circuit area of 0.23 mm2 designed with 0.18 µm CMOS technology and can measure interface impedances between recording electrodes and tissues in ultrawide ranges from 100 Ω to 10 MΩ. In addition, we also successfully acquired interface impedances using the proposed circuit in agarose gel experiments.
Transient analysis of oblique Hanle signals observed in GaAs
Authors: Lin Zhichao , Kondo Kenji , Yamamoto Masafumi , Uemura Tetsuya
Published: March 2016

A transient response of nuclear spins in GaAs to a change in a magnetic field was analyzed based on the time evolution of nuclear spin temperature. Simulation results well reproduced our experimental results on transient oblique Hanle signals observed in an all-electrical spin injection device, enabling a quantitative understanding of nuclear spin dynamics in the presence of a hyperfine interaction between nuclei and polarized electrons. Analysis regarding the time evolution of nuclear spin temperature revealed that the hysteretic nature of a nuclear field with respect to the sweep direction of an external field was caused by the delay of time response of nuclear spin temperature to a change in the magnetic field. This analysis provides a deep understanding of nuclear spin dynamics in semiconductors.
Fully coupled atmospheric‐hydrological modeling at regional and long‐term scales: Development, application, and analysis of WRF‐HMS
Authors: Wagner Sven , Fersch Benjamin , Yuan Fei , Yu Zhongbo , Kunstmann Harald
Published: March 2016

A closed description of the regional water balance requires hydro‐meteorological modeling systems which represent the atmosphere, land surface, and subsurface. We developed such a mesoscale modeling system, extending the atmospheric model WRF with the distributed hydrological model HMS in a fully coupled way. It includes explicit lateral groundwater and land surface flow parameterization schemes and two‐way groundwater‐unsaturated zone interaction by replacing the free drainage bottom boundary of WRF's Noah‐LSM with a Fixed‐head or Darcy‐flux boundary condition. The system is exemplarily applied for the Poyang Lake basin (160,000 km2) and the period 1979–1986 using a two‐nest approach covering East Asia (30 km) and the Poyang Lake basin (10 km) driven by ERA Interim. Stand‐alone WRF effectively simulates temperature (bias 0.5°C) and precipitation (bias 21–26%). Stand‐alone HMS simulations provide reasonable streamflow estimates. A significant impact on the regional water balance was found if groundwater‐unsaturated zone interaction is considered. But the differences between the two groundwater coupling approaches are minor. For the fully coupled model system, streamflow results strongly depend on the simulation quality for precipitation. Two‐way interaction results in net upward water fluxes in up to 25% of the basin area after the rainy season. In total, two‐way interaction increases basin averaged recharge amounts. The evaluation with CPC and GLEAM indicates a better performance of the fully coupled simulation. The impact of groundwater coupling on LSM and atmospheric variables differs. Largest differences occur for the variable recharge (26%), whereas for atmospheric variables, the basin‐averaged impact is minor (<1%). But locally, a spatial redistribution up to ±5% occurs for precipitation.
The 11 year solar cycle signature on wave‐driven dynamics in WACCM
Authors: Cullens Chihoko Y. , England Scott L. , Garcia Rolando R.
Published: March 2016

This study describes the influence of the 11 year solar cycle on gravity waves and the wave‐driven circulation, using an ensemble of six simulations of the period from 1955 to 2005 along with fixed solar maximum and minimum simulations of the Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model (WACCM). Solar cycle signals are estimated by calculating the difference between solar maximum and minimum conditions. Simulations under both time‐varying and fixed solar inputs show statistically significant responses in temperatures and winds in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during austral winter and spring. At solar maximum, the monthly mean, zonal mean temperature in the SH from July to October is cooler (~1–3 K) in the stratosphere and warmer (~1–4 K) in the mesosphere and the lower thermosphere (MLT). In solar maximum years, the SH polar vortex is more stable and its eastward speed is about 5–8 m s−1 greater than during solar minimum. The increase in the eastward wind propagates downward and poleward from July to October in the SH. Because of increase in the eastward wind, the propagation of eastward gravity waves to the MLT is reduced. This results in a net westward response in gravity wave drag, peaking at ~10 m s−1 d−1 in the SH high‐latitude MLT. These changes in gravity wave drag modify the wave‐induced residual circulation, and this contributes to the warming of ~1–4 K in the MLT.
Basic Physicochemical Properties of Polyethylene Glycol Coated Gold Nanoparticles that Determine Their Interaction with Cells
Authors: del Pino Pablo , Yang Fang , Pelaz Beatriz , Zhang Qian , Kantner Karsten , Hartmann Raimo , Martinez de Baroja Natalia , Gallego Marta , Möller Marco , Manshian Bella B. , Soenen Stefaan J. , Riedel René , Hampp Norbert , Parak Wolfgang J.
Published: March 2016

A homologous nanoparticle library was synthesized in which gold nanoparticles were coated with polyethylene glycol, whereby the diameter of the gold cores, as well as the thickness of the shell of polyethylene glycol, was varied. Basic physicochemical parameters of this two‐dimensional nanoparticle library, such as size, ζ‐potential, hydrophilicity, elasticity, and catalytic activity ,were determined. Cell uptake of selected nanoparticles with equal size yet varying thickness of the polymer shell and their effect on basic structural and functional cell parameters was determined. Data indicates that thinner, more hydrophilic coatings, combined with the partial functionalization with quaternary ammonium cations, result in a more efficient uptake, which relates to significant effects on structural and functional cell parameters.
Waste HDPE bottles for selective oil sorption
Authors: Saleem Junaid , McKay Gordon
Published: March 2016

Selective sorption of oil using plastic waste is presented. Plastic solid waste constitutes 15% of total municipal solid waste produced across the world and is mostly either discarded in landfills or incinerated. On the other hand, pollution caused by oil spill in aquatic locations is a serious environmental concern, and several sorbents have so far been proposed to address oil spill and plastic waste problems simultaneously by converting waste into oil sorbent. However, most of the sorbents have drawbacks of either high water uptake or low oil uptake capacity. In this study, we have synthesized oil sorbent using waste plastic bottles made up of high‐density polyethylene with high selectivity and high oil uptake capacity. Mechanical properties and %crystallinity using differential scanning calorimetry were also determined to provide useful insight about the as prepared sorbent. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of star‐shaped poly(alkyl methacrylate) arm uniformity on lubricant properties
Authors: Robinson Joshua W. , Zhou Yan , Qu Jun , Erck Robert , Cosimbescu Lelia
Published: March 2016

Star‐shaped poly(alkyl methacrylate)s (PAMAs) were prepared and blended into an additive‐free engine oil to assess the structure–property relationship between macromolecular structure and lubricant performance. These additives were designed with a comparable number of repeating units per arm and the number of arms was varied between 3 and 6. Well‐defined star‐shaped PAMAs were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) via a core‐first strategy from multi‐functional head‐groups. Observations of the polymer‐oil blends suggest that stars with less than four arms are favorable as a viscosity index improver (VII), and molecular weight dominates viscosity‐related effects over other structural features. Star‐shaped PAMAs, as oil additives, effectively reduce the friction coefficient in both mixed and boundary lubrication regime. Several analogs outperformed commercial VIIs in both viscosity and friction performance. Increased wear rates were observed for these star‐shaped PAMAs in the boundary lubrication regime suggesting pressure‐sensitive conformations may exist. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43611.
Statements from Youth in Legal Contexts: Effects of Consistency, Legal Role, and Age
Authors: Molinaro Peter F. , Malloy Lindsay C.
Published: March 2016

Jurors are often asked to evaluate statements provided by young victims, witnesses, and suspects. When, over time, youths’ statements contain inconsistent information or recantations of prior statements, jurors face a difficult task in evaluating the validity of the initial claim. The underlying reasons for inconsistencies and recantation of young people's statements, particularly in cases of child sexual abuse, have been debated. Of primary interest here is whether inconsistencies (e.g., recantation) are evaluated differently by fact finders depending on the youth's age and role in a legal case. The current study examined effects of consistency of juvenile statements, legal role, and age on perceptions of testimony in a child sexual abuse investigation. Participants (N = 693) read vignettes describing child sexual abuse in which consistency of a follow‐up statement (consistent, inconsistent, recanted), legal role (victim, witness, suspect), and age (10 years, 16 years) of the juvenile providing testimony were manipulated. The results revealed that judgments of initial statement quality, blameworthiness, and guilt were dependent on the consistency of follow‐up statements and on the interactive effects of a juvenile's legal role and age. The current study has theoretical implications for understanding juror decision‐making and practical implications for legal professionals and fact finders evaluating youths’ statements. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dilatable pulmonary artery band: Safety and efficacy of balloon dilatation
Authors: Malekzadeh‐Milani Sophie , Jalal Zakaria , Tamisier Daniel , Boudjemline Younes
Published: March 2016

Objectives

Review early and midterm results of dilatable pulmonary artery band (PAB). Background: PAB is performed in various conditions: as a transient stage before ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure, as a palliative procedure for multiple VSD or to prepare the left ventricle (LV) before switch or double switch operations in transposition of the great artery (TGA) or congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries (CCTGA).

Methods

All children with dilatation of PAB were reviewed. Reason for PAB and for cardiac catheterization, hemodynamics, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Between 2002 and 2014, 28 patients were identified. Reason for interventional dilatation of the PAB was supra systemic right ventricular (RV) pressure in four patients, aortic recoarctation in one patient, cyanosis in seven patients, RV failure in one patient, suprasystemic LV pressure in two CCTGA patients and spontaneous closure of VSD in other patients. All patients underwent successful balloon dilatation using high (n = 21) or low pressure balloons with a mean diameter of 12 mm. 23 Patients had no further interventions. Five patients had reintervention: one needed two dilatations of PAB and four had surgery (one double switch, one vicious pulmonary artery (PA) band removal, one in a context of severe RV dysfunction with tricuspid regurgitation, and one for VSD closure). One patient died of RV failure following surgery.

Conclusion

Balloon dilatation of dilatable PAB carries good results with achievement of hemodynamic aim in most of the cases and definitive treatment in the majority of patients. Careful and sequential dilatation with shunt measurement is mandatory in patients with significantly residual VSD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac arrest during spinal anesthesia for cervical conization: a case report
Authors: Shinohara Satoshi , Sakamoto Ikuko , Numata Masahiro , Ikegami Atsushi , Teramoto Katsuhiro , Hirata Shuji
Published: March 2016

Key Clinical Message

Spinal anesthesia is regularly performed worldwide and is an integral part of the modern day anesthesia practice. Although unexpected cardiac arrests during this procedure are very rare, medical professionals should be aware of the potential for this complication. In making the decision to use spinal anesthesia, judicious patient selection, adequate preventive measures, and strict monitoring are important.
Bone formation in subcutaneous pocket after bone flap preservation
Authors: Wang Wen‐xue , Jiang Nana , Wang Jian‐wei , Kang Xin , Fu Guang‐hui , Liu Yu‐liang
Published: March 2016

Key Clinical Message

Residual periosteum developed periosteal bone formation in the pocket 10 years after cranioplasty, lumpectomy was conducted on the left lower abdomen under local anesthesia. Pathological sections revealed abundant osteocytes and mature bone matrix, and confirmed the bone formation on the residual periosteum.
ChemInform Abstract: MICROSTRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF THIN PLATINUM SILICON (PTSI) FILMS AND THEIR RELATIONS TO DEPOSITION PARAMETERS
Authors: ANDERSON R. M. , REITH T. M.
Published: March 2016

Die PtSi‐Dünnfilme werden auf {001}, {011}‐ und{111}‐Si‐Plättchen abgeschieden.
ChemInform Abstract: VAPOR‐PHASE ETCHING AND POLISHING OF GALLIUM ARSENIDE USING HYDROGEN CHLORIDE GAS
Authors: BHAT RAJARAM , BALIGA B. JAYANT , GHANDHI SORAB K.
Published: March 2016

Dampfphasenätzung der (lOO)‐ und ( TTU‐Flächen von GaAs‐Substraten (dotiert mit Cr, Te, Si, Zn) in HCl‐H, ‐AsH3‐Gasmischungen oberhalb 870°C liefert spiegelnde für Epitaxie geeignete Oberflächen.
ChemInform Abstract: JAHN‐TELLER INDUCED PHASE TRANSITIONS IN THE HEXANITROCUPRATES A2PBCU(NO2)6 (A = POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CESIUM)
Authors: FRIEBEL C.
Published: March 2016

Die genannten ′.Cuprate(II) kristallisieren als K‐, Rb‐ oder Cs‐ Verbindung bei 10°C, 45°C bzw. 125" kubisch ( α‐Phase ) mit dynamisch Jahn‐Teller‐verzerrten CuNG‐Oktaedern.
ChemInform Abstract: ENVIRONMENT‐SENSITIVE HARDNESS AND MACHINABILITY OF ALUMINA
Authors: SWAIN MICHAEL V. , LATANISION R. M. , WESTWOOD A. R. C.
Published: March 2016

Der Einfluß einer oberflächenaktiven Umgebung auf die Härteg I)rillgeschwindigkeit und den Abriebverschleiß von mono‐ und polykristallinem Al2O3 wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN VAPOR DEPOSITION OF SILICON. I. DEPOSITION FROM DICHLOROSILANE AND ETCHING BY HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Authors: BAN VLADIMIR S. , GILBERT STEPHEN L.
Published: March 2016

Die chemischen Vorgänge, die während der Abscheidung aus der Dampfphase von Si sowie bei dem Ätzen auftreten, werden mit Hilfe eines an das Reaktionsgefäß gekoppelten Massenspektrometers untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF THE XA SUBSTITUTION OF (W6CL8)X6A(2‐) AND (MO6CL8)X6A(2‐) COMPLEXES (X = CHLORIDE, BROMIDE, IODIDE)
Authors: LESSMEISTER PETER , SCHAEFER HARALD
Published: March 2016

Die genannte Untersuchung erfolgte in verschiedenen Lösungsmittelgemischen.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPARISON OF GROUP IV AND VI DOPING BY IMPLANTATION IN GALLIUM ARSENIDE
Authors: DAVIES D. EIRUG , KENNEDY J. K. , LUDINGTON C. E.
Published: March 2016

Die Faktoren, die zu einer besseren n‐Leitung von implantiertem GaAs ?ihremwerden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF INDIUM COMPOUNDS
Authors: HABEEB J. J. , TUCK D. G.
Published: March 2016

Die Elektrolyse zwischen einer Platin‐Kathode und einer Indium‐Anode in Gegenwart von Halogenen in Benzol, das l0 ‐ 20% Methanol enthält, führt zu den Indiumverbindungen (II) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: NITROGEN‐15 STUDY OF THE CONVERSION OF 3‐(METHYLTHIO)‐1,2,4‐TRIAZINE WITH POTASSIUM AMIDE IN LIQUID AMMONIA AT ‐75.DEG.
Authors: RYKOWSKI A. , VAN DER PLAS H. C.
Published: March 2016

Die Behandlung des Triazins (I) mit K‐amid in flüssigem Ammoniak liefert die Triazine (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐DIPOLAR ADDITION OF AN OXAZOLIUM 5‐OXIDE TO CYCLOPENTADIENEQUINONE AND THE ANTHRACENEQUINONE
Authors: MYERS J. A. , WILKERSON W. W. , COUNCIL S. L.
Published: March 2016

Aus 3‐Methyl‐2,4‐diphenyl‐oxazolium‐5‐oxid (I) erhält man i bei der Reaktion mit dem Chinon (II) ein Addukt (III), das in siedendem Benzol ′ zu (IV) gespalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOADDITIONS OF NITRONES AND A NITRILIMINE ON DIPHENYLCYCLOPROPENONE
Authors: MATSUKUBO H. , KATO H.
Published: March 2016

Aus den C,N‐Diphenyl‐nitronen (I) und Diphenyl‐cyclopropenon (II) entstehen die Addukte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SULFURANES. XVII. REACTIONS OF SECONDARY AMIDES WITH A DIARYLDIALKOXYSULFURANE. SELECTIVE METHOD FOR THE RAPID CLEAVAGE OF SECONDARY AMIDES
Authors: MARTIN J. C. , FRANZ J. A.
Published: March 2016

Verfasser demonstrieren mit der Umsetzung des Sulfurans (I) mit sek. Amiden wie (II) und (VI), die zu den Sulfimiden (III) bzw. (VII), den Estern (IV) und/oder den Imidaten (V) führt, ein allgemein anwendbares, selektives Verfahren für die schnelle Entfernung von Acylgruppen aus sek. Amidfunktionen unter milden Bedingungen.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROXIDES. LXIV. THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF ISOQUINUCLIDINE NITROXIDE FREE RADICALS
Authors: RASSAT A. , REY P.
Published: March 2016

Die Pyrolyse der Nitroxide (I) im Bombenrohr unter Stickstoffatmosphäre ergibt die Hydroxylamine (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROAROMATIC CHAINS AND THEIR CYCLIZATION PRODUCTS. I. THIO AMIDE VINYLOGS AS INTERMEDIATES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED 2‐ACYLTHIOPHENES, THIOPYRAN(2H)‐2‐ONES, 5,6‐DIHYDRO‐1,2‐DITHIIN 1,1‐DIOXIDES, AND 1,2‐DITHIIN‐1,1‐DIOXIDES
Authors: MESLIN J. C. , N'GUESSAN Y. T. , QUINIOU H. , TONNARD F.
Published: March 2016

Das Vinyloge eines Thioamids wie z.B. (I) addiert sich an α‐Bromketone wie z.B. (II) zu den Thiophenen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: COPE REARRANGEMENT AND ENOLOGENEOUS 1,5‐HYDROGEN TRANSFER. V. 1‐VINYLCYCLOBUTANE‐1,2‐DIOLS, 1‐VINYLCYCLOHEXANE‐1,2‐DIOLS AND 1,5‐HYDROGEN TRANSFER. DEGRADATION OF A 17‐HYDROXY‐20‐KETO STEROID INTO A 17‐KETO STEROID
Authors: BARNIER J.‐P. , CONIA J.‐M.
Published: March 2016

Diole wie z.B. (II), (IV) oder (VIII), die nach bekannten Methoden aus den entsprechenden Dionen dargestellt werden, ergeben beim Erhitzen im Bombenrohr auf 2 l0‐220°C hauptsächlich die cyclischen Carbonylverbindungen (I), (V) und (VII), während das Erhitzen in der Gasphase zu den offenkettigen Carbonylverbindungen (III), (VI) und (IX) als Hauptprodukten führt, die nur von einem geringeren Teil cyclischer Ketone wie z.B. (I) oder (X) begleitet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ACID CATALYZED ISOMERIZATION AND THERMAL REARRANGEMENT OF NICKEL HOMOPORPHYRINS
Authors: CALLOT H. J. , TSCHAMBER TH. , SCHAEFFER E.
Published: March 2016

Die Homoporphyrin‐Ni‐Komplexe (Ia) und (Ib), die zwei meso‐C‐Atome als Brücke enthalten, bilden beim Erhitzen in inertem Lösungsmittel ein 6:4‐ Gleichgewicht.
ChemInform Abstract: RHODIUM(I) CATALYSIS IN OLEFIN PHOTOREACTIONS
Authors: SALOMON ROBERT G. , EL SANADI NABIL
Published: March 2016

Bei Bestrahlung des Cycloocta‐ diens (I) in Gegenwart von RhCl erfolgt Umlagerung zum Cyclooctadien (II) und daneben Bildung der Produkte (III) bis (V).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE AMIDE SYSTEM. V. SYNTHETIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY WITH HETEROCYCLIC ANILIDES. STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE INTRAMOLECULAR 1,5‐HYDROGEN SHIFTS IN NONOXIDATIVE PHOTOCYCLIZATION OF BENZO(B)THIOPHENE‐2‐CARBOXANILIDES
Authors: KANAOKA Y. , ITHO K. , HATANAKA Y. , FLIPPEN J. L. , KARLE I. L. , WITKOP B.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Photolyse der Anilide (Ia), (Ib) erhält man über die Zwischenstufen (II) in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff die Cyclisierungsprodukte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF ANTHRONYLIDENE CARBENE AND REACTION SEQUENCES OF THE TWO SPIN MULTIPLICITY STATES IN HYDROCARBON MEDIA. II. THERMOLYSIS OF DIAZOANTHRONE
Authors: CAUQUIS GEORGES , REVERDY GILBERT
Published: March 2016

Die 20stündige Thermolyse der Titelverbindung (I) bei 120°C in den Lösungsmitteln (II ergibt als Hauptprodukte die (II)‐Dimeren (III) und das Bianthronyl (IV), die aus dem 1 Triplettzustand des Carbens hervorgehen, das zunächst aus der Diazoverbindung (I) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF AZOBENZENE AND BENZYLIDENEANILINE BY THE COMBINED USE OF COPPER AND N,N‐DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMIC ACID
Authors: SATO T. , INOUE T. , MUKAIYAMA T.
Published: March 2016

Azobenzol (I) wird durch eine Kombination aus Kupfer und Schwefelverbindungen (II) zum Hydrazobenzol (III) reduziert, wobei als Schwefelverbindungen z.B. Äthandithiol, Cysteamin, (VII) oder 2‐Mercaptoäthanol oder auch Cu‐S‐Salze wie (IV) eingesetzt werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐CHLORINATION OF ALIPHATIC ACIDS BY MOLECULAR CHLORINE
Authors: OGATA Y. , HARADA T. , MATSUYAMA K. , IKEJIRI T.
Published: March 2016

Ein Zusatz von Chlorsulfonsäure, Chloranil und Sauerstoff beeinflußt bei der Chlorierung vonCarbon= Säuren wesentlich das Verhältnis von a‐ zu β‐Chlorierung zugunsten ersterer, wobei durch geeignete, im einzelnen diskutierte Bedingungen praktisch nur die α‐Halo= . genierungsprodukte (b‐Reihe) aus den freien Säuren (a‐Reihe) erhalten werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF BENZENE WITH ISOPARAFFIN‐ALKYL CHLORIDE MIXTURES
Authors: SCHMERLING LOUIS
Published: March 2016

Die Alkylierung von Benzol mit tert.‐Butyl‐, Isopropyl‐, Neopentyl‐ oder Benzylchlorid und den Isoparaffinen Isopentan, 3‐Methylhexan, Methylcyclohexan oder Methylcyclopentan in Gegenwart von Al‐trichlorid wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: COPPER‐CATALYZED DIRECT ARYLATION OF β‐DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH 2‐BROMOBENZOIC ACIDS
Authors: BRUGGINK A. , MCKILLOP A.
Published: March 2016

Cu(I) katalysiert die Kondensation de:r Brombenzoesäuren (I) mit den Diketonen (II) zu den α‐Aryl‐diketonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES WITH NITRILES. XL. REACTION OF 2‐INDANONE WITH MALONONITRILE, ETHYL L CYANOACETATE, AND TETRACYANOETHYLENE
Authors: WOLFBEIS O. S. , ZACHARIAS G. , JUNEK H.
Published: March 2016

Das Indanon (I) reagiert mit den Nitrilen (II) zu den Indenofluorenen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF 1,2,5‐TRIENES TOWARDS PERACIDS. II. SYNTHESIS OF BICYCLO(3.1.0)HEXAN‐2‐ONES. INFLUENCE OF THE NATURE OF THE SOLVENT ON THEIR FORMATION
Authors: GRIMALDI JACQUES , MALACRIA MAX , BERTRAND MARCEL
Published: March 2016

Die Einwirkung der Perbenzoesäure (II) z.B. auf die Triene (I) in Methylenchlorid führt zu komplexen Reaktionsgemischen, aus denen die Ketone (III) (35‐50% des Produktgemisches) und die Lactone (IV) abgetrennt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: (HALODIFLUOROMETHYL)PHOSPHONIUM SALTS, HALOMETHYL TRANSFER AGENTS
Authors: KESLING H. S. , BURTON D. J.
Published: March 2016

Die Behandlung mit KF und Jod überführt das halogenierte Phosphonium‐Salz (I) in Brom‐joddifluormethan (II) und Difluordijodmethan (III).