bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical characteristics of passionfruit cv. BRS gigante amarelo produced by flowers with three and four carpels
Authors: Esashika Danilo Akio de Sousa , Faleiro Fábio Gelape , Junqueira Nilton Tadeu Vilela
Published: August 2020

The carpel is the female reproductive structure composed of a set of stigma, style and ovary. Normally passionflower have three carpels, however, some cultivars have this structure in greater quantity. The objective of this work was to identify relationships between the number of carpels and the physical characteristics of BRS Gigante Amarelo fruits. The flowers with three and four carpels were marked, pollinated and the fruits harvested from these flowers analyzed for transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, pericarp thickness, fruit mass, pulp mass, pulp ratio, number and weight of seeds. A completely randomized design with 10 replicates per treatment was used and each plot had the average of 3 fruits. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. The fruits generated by flowers with 4 carpels were 18,30% heavier, their pulp were on average 20.75% heavier, presented transverse diameter 7,53% superior to that of fruits generated by flowers with 3 carpels. Similar increments were identified regarding the number of seeds and the weight of seeds per fruit that increased 18,85% and 52.42%, respectively. This result indicates that cv. BRS Yellow Giant with 4 carpels generates heavier fruits, pulp and seeds with a more spherical shape.
Evaluation of drought tolerance indices for barley landraces under irrigated and dry conditions
Authors: Feizi Mehdi , Solouki Mahmood , Sadeghzadeh Behzad , Fakheri Baratali , Mohammadi Seyed Abolghasem
Published: August 2020

Barley cultivation for drought areas requires reliable assessment of drought tolerance variability among the breeding germplasms. Hence, 121 barley landraces, advanced breeding lines and varieties were evaluated under both moisture non-stress and stress field conditions using a lattice square (11×11) design with two replications for each set of trials. Twelve drought tolerance indices (SSI, TOL, MP, GMP, STI, YI, YSI, HM, SDI, DI, RDI and SSPI) were used based on grain yield under normal (Yp) and drought (Ys) conditions. Analysis of variance showed a significant genetic variation among genotypes for all indices with the exception of TOL and SSPI indices. Yp had a very strong association with Ys (r=0.92**) that indicates high yield potential under non-stress can predict better yield under stress conditions. Yp and Ys were positively and significantly correlated with MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM and DI indices, whereas they were negatively correlated with SSI and SDI. In principal component analysis (PCA), the first PC explained 64% of total variation with Yp, Ys, MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM and DI. The second PC explained 35.6% of the total variation and had positive correlation with SSI, TOL, SDI and SSPI. It can be concluded that MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM and DI indices with the most positive and significant correlation with yield at both non-stress and stress environments would be better indices to screen barley genotypes, although none of the indices could undoubtedly identify high yield genotypes under both conditions.
Genetic diversity of Euterpe edulis martius based on fruit traits
Authors: Marçal Tiago de Souza , Bernardes Carolina de Oliveira , Oliveira Wagner Bastos dos Santos , Guilhen José Henrique Soler , Ferreira Marcia Flores da Silva , Ferreira Adésio
Published: August 2020

Juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) is a palm species from the Atlantic Forest whose fruits are important as a source of food to several individuals from the fauna of the region. Despite its ecological importance, juçara is found in the list of endangered species, due to the fragmentation of the forests and the illegal extraction of the heart of palm. We aimed to evaluate the inter- and intra-populational genetic diversity of E. edulis based on fruit and seed traits in forest fragments of the Espírito Santo State in Brazil.  The aim was to generate information to be used in E. edulis breeding programs, or in the delineation of more efficient management and reforestation strategies. The study was carried out in 20 forest fragments and 198 fruit plants were sampled. Positive genetic association was observed between the evaluated traits, with the longitudinal diameter of the fruit (LDF) and the seed mass (SM) greatly affecting fruit mass (FM). The existence of inter- and intra-populational genetic divergence was proved. The genetic divergence found in E. edulis suggests that there is genetic material that can be explored in breeding programs and this information may also contribute to management strategies that can increase the species genetic diversity.
Yield and biometry of fertilized sugar cane with organomineral fertilizer of sewage sludge and biostimulant
Authors: De Moraes Emmerson Rodrigues , De Camargo Reginaldo , Lana Regina Maria Quintão , Medeiros Matheus Henrique , Menezes Felipe Garcia , Giorgenon Eduardo Prado
Published: August 2020

The dependence of mineral fertilizers, increasingly, has brought concern facing the increased demand and because it is a non-renewable mineral resource. The organic fertilization, exclusively, it is impractical in large scale, however, the combination of organic and mineral sources have already proved to be feasible, both from the point of view of nutrition of plants as well as in the aspect of recycling of urban and industrial waste by agriculture. This research had as objective to determine the efficiency of aorganomineral fertilizer formulated on the basis of sewage sludge in substitution of mineral fertilizer in the cultivation of sugar cane in environments with different levels of soil fertility. An experiment was conducted in greater soil fertility, in the Institute Federal Goiano– Campus, Morrinhos-GO, Brazil. The other, less soil fertility, was implanted in the ethanol industry Tijuco Valley, located in Rio do Peixe, district of Prata-MG, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial 5 x 2 +1 being five doses, with and without a biostimulant plus an additional with mineral fertilization, in four replications. The doses were in function of fertilization recommendation of planting and coverage for each environment, consisting of: 100 % of the mineral source and percentage 0; 60; 80; 100 and 120 % of organomineral fertilizer. We evaluated the productivity, tillering, diameter and height of stem in Prata-MG the different percentages of the fertilization of planting favored and increased productivity, height and stem diameter of sugar cane; the use of biostimulants not contributed to increase crop yield. In Morrinhos-GO, the different percentage of planting fertilization did not increase the productivity, tillering, height and diameter of the sugarcane stem; the use of biostimulants increases the productivity yield of sugarcane. Organomineral fertilizer based on biosolids is similar to fertilization with mineral fertilizer in environments.
Harvesting delay in physiological quality of soy seeds
Authors: Ferreira Sílvia Barbosa , Hamawaki Osvaldo Toshiyuki , Nogueira Ana Paula Oliveira , Thesing Larissa , Machado Beliza Queiroz Vieira , Rezende Larissa Fontoura Reis , Hamawaki Raphael Lemes , Hamawaki Cristiane Divina Lemes
Published: August 2020

Soybeans are a grain-producing species of high international demand and occupy a prominent position in the Brazilian economy. The success of this crop in Brazil is due to public and private investments in production technologies and to breeding programs. It is through the seed that the genetic advances reach the producer. In this context, the success of a cultivar and high productivity depend on the quality of the seed. In view of the above, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean cultivar seeds at different harvesting times. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area located at Fazenda Capim Branco, belonging to the Federal University of Uberlândia, in the 2016/2017 harvest. Ten soybean cultivars were evaluated (CD 2737 RR, UFUS 7415, UFUS 7910, UFUS Milionária, UFUS 7801, NA 5909 RG, UFUS 8301, TMG 7062 IPRO, UFUS Xavante and UFUS 6901) at four harvest times (R7, R8, R8+15, R8+30), constituting a 10 x 4 factorial. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. For the evaluation of the physiological quality, germination, electrical conductivity and fresh matter and dry matter of seedlings tests were performed. In all tests the physiological quality of the seeds decreased with the harvest delay. Emphasis was placed on the cultivar NA 5909 RG, which showed the best means to delay the harvest in 15 and 30 days.
Non-destructive evaluation of the leaf area of garlic crop using mathematical models
Authors: Gonçalves Felipe Augusto Reis , Senoski Marcelo de Paula , Raposo Thiago Picinatti , Aquino Leonardo Angelo de , Fernandes Maria Elisa de Sena
Published: August 2020

Growth measurements such as leaf area (LA) and dry matter (DM) are important in experiments about plants population, fertilization, irrigation and others parameters of cultivation, in garlic crop. The LA and DM are commonly defined as destructive, lengthy and cause loss of plants in the experimental units. The objective of this study was to fit mathematical models using linear models that estimate the leaf area and dry matter of garlic plants - variety Ito. For that, garlic plants were collected at 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 115 and 120 days after planting. The measurements of width (W), length (L) of leaves, LA, DM, pseudostem diameter (PD), number of leaves per plant (NL) and height (H) were determined in each time. The models were fitted to estimate the LA or DM as function of the variables W, L, L*W, PD and LA. The statistical analysis of the linear regression, coefficient of determination of the linear regression (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), modified concordance index (d1) and the BIAS index were verified to determine the most representative models. It`s possible to estimate the LA and the leaf DM of garlic plants using the variables: length, width, pseudostem diameter and height of plants.
Milk production units characterized by sanitary, nutritional and infrastructure variables in the northwest, center western and southwest mesoregions of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Tadielo Leonardo Ereno , Bremm Tainara , Kasper Neliton Flores , Da Silva Caroline Alvarez , Gayer Taiani Ourique , Pereira Juliano Gonçalves , Soares Vanessa Mendonça , Castagnara Deise Dalazen
Published: August 2020

Evaluating and characterizing production systems using farm characteristics allows the diagnosis of failing points. This diagnosis can be used to improve the productive and zootechnical indices. Little is known about the milk production systems in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the milk production systems of the Northwest, Center Western and Southwest mesoregions of Rio Grande do Sul, considering the infrastructure, milk handling, milk quantity and composition, and nutritional intake of the cattle. To conduct this study, 38 Milk Production Units (MPUs) registered at the Municipal Secretaries of Agriculture and Emater/Ascar-RS were randomly selected. After being randomly selected, the dairy farms were visited and a semi-structured guide questionnaire was applied and milk samples were collected from expansion tanks. The milk was analyzed for somatic cell counts (SCC) and total bacterial counts (TBC). Data were evaluated through principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Multivariate analysis allowed the investigated variables to be reduced into two main components (CP1 and CP2). These two showed eigenvalues ​​greater than 1 (alpha> 1) and together explained 55.05% of the characteristics variability of the 38 MPUs studied. CP1 contemplated productive capacity and factors related to nutritional management of the MPUs, interfering directly with reproductive performance. CP2 comprised milk handling and daily production. Using these main variables, the data set generated from the 38 MPUs studied were adjusted and classified into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5). The characteristics of these groups differed statistically especially in infrastructure and nutritional management of the cattle. Due to their particularities, each of these five groups of MPUs requires strategic technical interventions to improve their productive indexes.
Micorrhizal biotechnology as an alternative to potentialize the strawberry quality
Authors: Costa Rosiani Castoldi da , Durante Gregori Caglioni , Trentin Nicolas dos Santos , Chiomento José Luís Trevizan , De Nardi Fabiola Stockmans , Nienow Alexandre Augusto , Calvete Eunice Oliveira
Published: August 2020

The need to develop and use biotechnology tools to improve management and nutritional techniques in strawberry cultivation are increasing. Based on this, the objective of this study was to test if the mycorrhizal inoculation changes the agronomic and qualitative performance of strawberry fruits. The strawberry daughters plants used were of the cultivar Camarosa. The study was carried out in an agricultural greenhouse, Horticulture Sector of the Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV) of UPF, in the city of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. The experiment was developed and maintained from June to December 2015. The treatments consisted of five inoculum: T1 = no inoculum (control); T2 = Acaulospora morrowiae; T3 = Rhizophagus clarus; T4 = mycorrhizal community; T5 = Claroideoglomus etunicatum. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates. Each plot consisted of a bag containing 6 plants spaced 0.15 mx 0.15 m. In the pits of the plants, it was applied, with the aid of syringe and water, about 70 infective propagules of the tested inocula. During the conduction of the experiment the temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were monitored in the culture environment. It was evaluated the agronomic and qualitative performance of the fruits and the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization of the plants roots. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the differences between means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability error. The cultivar Camarosa produced more fruits in October. In September, the month before the one with the best agronomic performance, the mean temperature was 17.7 ºC. The mean PAR recorded in the growing environment was low in relation to crop requirements, throughout the growing period. Fruits produced by plants inoculated with A. morrowiae presented higher values of TSS/TTA ratio in September and October. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization varied from 26.2% for A. morrowiae to 46.2% for R. clarus. The inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi does not alter the production of strawberry fruits. However, when the plants are inoculated with A. morrowiae there is an improvement in the fruit flavor.
Biochemical serum profile of quarter mile equines in team penning training
Authors: Santos Roberta de Lima , Rodrigues Renata Dias , Gomes Lara Reis , Bizare Amanda , Oliveira Wilson Junior , Souza Rafael Rocha de , Gonçalves Felipe Cesar , Mundim Antonio Vicente
Published: August 2020

The objective of this work was to evaluate the proteins, minerals, metabolites, and serum enzymes profile in Quarter Mile equines subjected to training for Team Penning competitions by comparing the results before and after training. The animals were from the Agricultural Exhibition Park of Uberlândia (CAMARU), in Uberlândia in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. These animals perform constant periodic training with an average duration of two and a half hours per training. Blood samples from twenty male and female equines were collected at the beginning and end of a 45-day interval and then analyzed. A 5 mL blood sample from each animal was collected before and after training by a jugular external venipuncture, and the samples were placed in a tube—without anticoagulant and containing separator gel—to obtain the serum. The components analyzed were: total proteins, albumin, globulins, albumin to globulin ratio (A:G), total and ionized calcium, phosphorus, calcium to phosphorus ratio (Ca:P), cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, ɤ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatine kinase (CK). Statistical differences were observed with higher values after exercise for total calcium, ionized calcium, Ca: P ratio, creatinine and ALT and decreased concentrations were found for globulins, phosphorus, cholesterol and triglycerides. Despite the changes observed in the serum concentrations of some elements after exercises, it was concluded that the animals were in adequate physical condition to perform the proposed physical exercises.
Irrigation management in soybean crops influences the occurrence of nematodes in the soil
Authors: Gava Ricardo , Silva Thiago Ramos da , Cotrim Mayara Fávero , Abreu Alexandra Botelho Lima , Anselmo Jefferson Luis , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo
Published: August 2020

One of the main limitations of soybean production is related to water availability and organisms found in the soil. Under the hypothesis that soil moisture may influence the nematode population, this study aimed to verify the occurrence of nematodes associated with different irrigation management in soybean crops. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design. Treatments consisted of a subplot scheme, with four replications. The plots consisted of ten irrigation managements divided into five irrigation frequencies (1,2,3,4, and 5 days) and five additional water depths (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of crop evapotranspiration – Etc). The subplots were composed of four different soybean cultivars (NA 5909 RR, AS 3680 IPRO, and Desafio RR ePower IPRO). The experiment analyzed the variables plant height, first pod insertion, number of plants, moisture, hundred-grain weight, yield, and occurrence of nematode eggs and adults. Nematodes influence all the production components analyzed, affecting mostly the hundred-grain weight, especially the nematode Helicotylenchus sp., although the Meloidogyne sp. population was larger. The phytonematode population reduces with the increase in soil moisture to levels close to the saturation, indirectly influencing the yield increase.
Portuguese translation and validation of the YQOL – FD (Youth Quality of Life Instrument—Facial Differences) for brazilian adolescents with craniofacial deformities
Authors: Damiani Paulo Eduardo , Sakai Tanikawa Daniela Yukie , Silva Câmara Mattos Beatriz , Borges Saito Paiva Tatiana , André Marcia
Published: August 2020

The Youth Quality of Life—Facial Differences (YQOL-FD), validated in the United States in 2005, was developed at the University of Washington by the Seattle Quality of Life Group (SeaQol), to evaluate quality of life of adolescents with facial deformities. Because no Portuguese version exists, the measure was not viable in Brazil. This study aimed to obtain linguistic and psychometric validation of a version of the YQOL-FD in Portuguese. Twenty-five patients with cleft lip and palate and five without facial deformity participated in Traumatology and Maxillofacial Prosthesis Surgery Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo. The linguistic validation of the YQOL-FD was carried out by a team consisting of the researcher, as project manager, two native Portuguese-speaking consultants fluent in English, and one native English-speaking consultant fluent in Portuguese. After translation and back-translation, a Portuguese version was obtained, which was applied in a pilot test (n = 10); after the final adjustments the Seattle Quality of Life Group approved the official version of the YQOL-FD in Portuguese. To obtain the psychometric validation, we requested the participation of 20 patients with cleft lip and palate who answered the questionnaire twice in a range of 7 to 15 days. The Cronbach’s alpha test was applied in the 48-item block, showing a high degree of internal consistency (0.949). The Wilcoxon Signal Post Test was applied to verify if the test and retest values were similar; the general agreement was 4/5 = 80%, indicating high reproducibility. It was concluded that the Portuguese version of the YQOL-FD is adequate for evaluating Quality of Life of Brazilian adolescents with craniofacial deformities.
Assessment of carvacrol paste as endodontic medication associated with laser photobiomodulation in tissue repair: an experimental study in rats
Authors: Ismário Silva Meneses  , Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Júnior  , Matos Felipe de Souza , Aline Aragão Pereira Macedo  , Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo  , Santos Talita Dionízio , Nayara Santos Souza  , Luiz Renato Paranhos  , Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior  , Maria Amália Gonzaga Ribeiro
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to analyze the tissue reaction caused by carvacrol paste associated or not with laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) at λ660 nm in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Sixty Wistar rats were divided into four groups and they received the following interventions: subcutaneous implantation of empty polyethylene tubes (CTR), implantation of tubes containing carvacrol paste (CVC), implantation of empty tubes and LPBM (LLLT), and implantation of tubes containing carvacrol paste and LPBM (CVCLT). The animals were euthanized at three, eight, and 15 days after surgery. The inflammatory reaction and fibroplasia were analyzed histomorphometrically. Significant differences among the groups were determined by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). In the 3-day period, the CVCLT group had low inflammatory infiltration (p<0.01). In the 8- and 15-day periods, the LLLT and CVCLT groups presented a low amount of lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate (p<0.01 and p<0.05). Regarding the formation of fibrous tissue, the CVC group had the highest formation of type III collagen in the 8-day period (p<0.001). In the 15-day period, the CVCLT group had a lower formation of type I collagen than the CTR and LLLT groups (p<0.05). The use of the carvacrol paste associated with photobiomodulation optimizes the inflammatory period and tissue repair.
Assessment of circulating MCP-1 level and 2518A>G gene polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Abdelmesseihbdel-Messih Phebeebe , El-Fishawy Hussein S. , Zahran Abeer Mohamed Ahmed , Baki Noha Mahmoud Abdel
Published: August 2020

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). This study aims to investigate the possible role of a functional polymorphism in the regulatory region of the monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene and MCP-1 blood level in the diagnosis of LN and in correlating the MCP-1 blood levels with disease activity. The study included 56 SLE patients and 56 controls. All the SLE patients suffered from LN. An analysis of MCP-1 gene polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction was performed followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and MCP-1 blood level was determined using the ELISA technique. Calculation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) was performed. Serologic tests included the determination of antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibodies, Complement C3 and C4 levels. A significant increase in the frequency of genotype A/G and a decrease in the frequency of genotype A/A were found among patients with active LN compared to inactive LN. There was a statistically significant difference in the blood level of MCP-1 between LN patients and controls. Also, MCP-1 blood levels were significantly higher in active LN patients than inactive LN. A significant positive linear correlation was detected between MCP-1 blood level and SLEDAI, creatinine, and 24 hours protein in LN patients. These results suggest that an A/G genotype together with the measurement of the blood level of MCP-1 can be a useful tool for detection and follow up of active LN.
Why are brazilian orthodontists prosecuted and convicted? an overview of the contemporary jurisprudence
Authors: Picoli Fernando Fortes , Franco Ademir , Mundim-Picoli Mayara Barbosa Viandelli , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Silva Rhonan Ferreira
Published: August 2020

Orthodontics figures as one of the largest community of specialists in Brazil. Unfortunately, numbers are high not only for the professionals but also for the lawsuits against them. The aim of this study was to screen the Brazilian jurisprudence in order to identify the reasons that motivated patients against orthodontists and motivated Judges towards convictions in lawsuits. The sample consisted of 395 lawsuits retrieved from the State Civil Courts of Brazil (n=27). The lawsuits were founded on conflicts between orthodontists and patients. Case-specific legal information were registered, such as patients’ main reason behind the lawsuit and the decision in second instance. Chi-square and relative risk tests were calculated to investigate the influence of research variables towards conviction. Most of the lawsuits were judged in the State of São Paulo (n=151; 38.2%) and were published between 2011 and 2017 (rho: 0.797). The main reasons behind the lawsuits against orthodontists were the dissatisfaction with treatment outcomes (n=143, 36.2%), the occurrence of periodontal disease (n=45, 11.4%) and the need for tooth extractions (n=43, 10.9%). Statistically significant outcomes were detected between convictions in first and second instances and between convictions and the contractual obligation of result (p<0.001). The combination of I) patients’ dissatisfaction and II) judgments under the obligation of results in second instance figure as the main risk factors for the prosecution and conviction of orthodontists.
Características de la élite colombiana a partir de los líderes de la izquierda: de la Violencia al posconflicto
Authors: Altamirano Acevedo Hugo
Published: August 2020

La Violencia en Colombia es un periodo de tiempo en el cual se exacerba la criminalidad durante el siglo XX, en específico entre las décadas del 40 y 50. El presente artículo es una indagación desde los líderes de la izquierda colombiana, de finales del siglo XX y principios del siglo XXI, sobre las características de la élite del país, a partir de la Violencia de los40hasta el proceso de paz con las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Farc-Ep) y los acercamientos con la guerrilla denominada Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN). La metodología implicó una serie de entrevistas seguidas del respectivo rastreo bibliográfico, dando como resultado similitudes con otras élites y diferencias en cuanto a la redistribución de la riqueza, movilidad social y circulación de las élites.
La paz no se rinde: crónicas y memorias de los acuerdos de La Habana
Authors: Díaz Gamba Wilson , Hernández Cubides Jairo Andrés
Published: August 2020

El 21 de abril de 2018, en el marco de la Feria Internacional del Libro de Bogotá, la escritora, periodista y politóloga vallecaucana Olga Behar Leiser, hizo el lanzamiento oficial de su libro La paz no se rinde: crónicas y memorias de los acuerdos de La Habana, una obra escrita y producida en colaboración con su hija Carolina Ardila Behar y el Investigador Pablo Navarrete. Ese mismo día, el equipo de investigación del Instituto para la Pedagogía, la Paz y el Conflicto Urbano - Ipazud de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, realizó una entrevista a la autora posterior a su lanzamiento, que se encuentra en otro número de esta revista.
Political budget cycles in Latin America, 1982-2014.
Authors: Mejía-Reyes Pablo , Reyes Hernández Marlen Rocío , Riguzzi Paolo
Published: August 2020

This paper aims to detect the presence of political budget cycles (PBuCs) around presidential elections in four large Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico) over the 1982-2014 period, in the framework of democratic regimes. Extended autoregressive models are estimated for total public expenditure and their chief components, considering the effect of economic fluctuations. Among the most important findings, weak evidence of PBuCs was found in the case of Argentina and Chile, while in the case of Mexico and Colombia, post-electoral adjustments in budget items sensitive to political manipulation were found, such as subsidies and public works, along with pre-electoral increases in total expenditure in the former one, and in goods and services in the latter.
Influencia del nivel de avance educativo y el género en la toma de decisiones financieras : una aproximación desde la Prospect Theory.
Authors: Ladrón de Guevara-Cortés Rogelio , Gómez Mejía Alina , Peña Vargas Victor Alberto , Madrid Paredones Rosa Marina
Published: August 2020

Las finanzas comportamentales retan los supuestos de racionalidad en la toma de decisiones financieras, pues asumen que la forma en la cual se presenta la información determina la decisión. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la influencia de aspectos como el nivel de avance educativo y el género en la toma de decisiones financieras. Para esto, se replica el experimento seminal de Kahneman y Tversky (1979) en 600 estudiantes de una universidad colombiana. La información recolectada se analiza incluyendo: a) el contraste de independencia c2, b) el test no-paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis y c) el test no-paramétrico Mann-Whitney. Los resultados muestran la aplicación de la Prospect Theory en la toma de decisiones financieras, revelando una independencia de las decisiones en función de las variables de agrupación utilizadas. También se encontró que las mujeres tienen una mayor aversión al riesgo y que el nivel de avance en la educación no influye en las decisiones financieras.
Impacto del riesgo político en la inversión privada en el Perú, periodo 1992-2018.
Authors: Sánchez Dávila Elmer , Cedano Requena Carolyne
Published: August 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo determinar cuál es el impacto del riesgo político del Perú en la inversión privada. La metodología utilizada es la estimación econométrica de un modelo autorregresivo con retardos distribuidos (ARDL, por sus siglas en inglés) para el periodo comprendido entre el segundo trimestre de 1992 y el segundo trimestre del 2018 (1992q2-2018q2). Para ello, se toman en consideración los efectos a corto y largo plazo del riesgo político y luego se evalúa si este riesgo generado bajo los diferentes regímenes políticos del periodo de estudio ha tenido algún impacto en la inversión privada del país. Los resultados indican que para el Perú el riesgo político no afecta a la inversión privada ni de corto ni de largo plazo. En el largo plazo, la inversión privada depende significativamente del precio del cobre, el PBI real y el tipo de cambio real, mientras que en el corto plazo depende de la evolución del PBI real. Los resultados muestran que el régimen político, sea democrático o no, no tuvo ningún impacto en la evolución de la inversión privada.
Pairings between bounded divergence-measure vector fields and BV functions
Authors: Crasta Graziano , De Cicco Virginia , Malusa Annalisa
Published: August 2020

We introduce a family of pairings between a bounded divergence-measure vector field and a functionuof bounded variation, depending on the choice of the pointwise representative ofu. We prove that these pairings inherit from the standard one, introduced in [G. Anzellotti, Pairings between measures and bounded functions and compensated compactness, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 135 1983, 293–318], [G.-Q. Chen and H. Frid, Divergence-measure fields and hyperbolic conservation laws, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 147 1999, 2, 89–118], all the main properties and features (e.g. coarea, Leibniz, and Gauss–Green formulas). We also characterize the pairings making the corresponding functionals semicontinuous with respect to the strict convergence inBV\mathrm{BV}. We remark that the standard pairing in general does not share this property.
The Six Faces of Beauty. Baumgarten on the Perfections of Knowledge in the Context of the German Enlightenment
Authors: Nannini Alessandro
Published: August 2020

In this essay, I investigate Baumgarten’s doctrine of the six perfections of knowledge (wealth, magnitude, truth, clarity, certainty, and life), which is famously one of the most characteristic and enigmatic features of his philosophy. Recent scholarship has almost unanimously stressed the rhetorical background of the categories. Instead, I argue that Baumgarten elaborates his theory in close relationship with coeval philosophy. To support this claim, I examine the position of some Thomasian philosophers, such as Johann Liborius Zimmermann, who had indicated a list of criteria similar to that of Baumgarten. Moreover, I analyse the distinction between formal and material perfections, tracing it back to the Wolffian milieu. On these bases, I propose a new reconstruction of Baumgarten’s doctrine, with particular attention to its aesthetic application. Finally, I outline the reception of the six categories in the late German Enlightenment until Kant.
Optimización de flujos de trabajo y paneles de cribado para la detección de gammapatias monoclonales malignas
Authors: Oliveros Conejero Raquel , Pascual Usandizaga Pilar , Garrido Chércoles Adolfo
Published: August 2020

Objetivos

El mieloma múltiple (MM) es una de las malignidades hematológicas con más retraso en el diagnóstico. Frecuentemente, llegan al laboratorio peticiones de técnicas de detección de MM sin sospecha específica generando mucha carga de trabajo y baja eficiencia. Objetivo: aumentar la eficiencia de aplicación de los protocolos de cribado del MM.

Métodos

Recopilación de resultados de electroforesis (EPS) e inmunofijación en suero (IFS) y orina (IFO), y de cadenas ligeras libres en suero (CLLS) de 75 pacientes de MM al diagnóstico, 3 amiloidosis y un plasmocitoma solitario. Recopilamos las alteraciones analíticas presentes en estos pacientes vs población control (n.=120). Validación del algoritmo de cribado en 261 pacientes consecutivos con sospecha clínica o analítica de MM.

Resultados

Algoritmos de cribado más sensibles: EPS + CLLS o IFS + CLLS (98% de sensibilidad). Prospectivamente, el protocolo EPS + CLLS detectó 27 de las 28 gammapatia monoclonal (GM) diagnosticadas y ahorró 15 h laborales. Frecuencia de resultados analíticos alterados, 5 de los 6 parámetros eran más frecuentes en el grupo a estudio, acumulando ≥3 parámetros alterados el 61,1% vs. el 1,7% de la población control (Valor predictivo positivo: 85%; Valor predictivo negativo: 94%).

Conclusiones

El protocolo de cribado EPS + CLLS fue el más sensible y menos laborioso. Además, permitió mejorar la sensibilidad diagnóstica y la eficiencia de trabajo.
King type generalization of Baskakov operators based on (𝑝, 𝑞) calculus with better approximation properties
Authors: Mishra Lakshmi Narayan , Pandey Shikha , Mishra Vishnu Narayan
Published: August 2020

Approximation using linear positive operators is a well-studied research area.
Many operators and their generalizations are investigated for their better approximation properties.
In the present paper, we construct and investigate a variant of modified

(
p
,
q
)

(p,q)

-Baskakov operators, which reproduce the test function

x
2

x^{2}

.
We have determined the order of approximation of the operators via K-functional and second order, the usual modulus of continuity, weighted and statistical approximation properties.
In the end, some graphical results which depict the comparison with

(
p
,
q
)

(p,q)

-Baskakov operators are explained and a Voronovskaja type result is obtained.
Self-Similar Blow-Up Profiles for a Reaction-Diffusion Equation with Strong Weighted Reaction
Authors: Iagar Razvan Gabriel , Sánchez Ariel
Published: August 2020

We study the self-similar blow-up profiles associated to the following second-order reaction-diffusion equation with strong weighted reaction and unbounded weight:

∂
t

⁡
u

=

∂

x
⁢
x

⁡

(

u
m

)

+

|
x
|

σ

⁢

u
p

,

\partial_{t}u=\partial_{xx}(u^{m})+|x|^{\sigma}u^{p},

posed for

x
∈
ℝ

{x\in\mathbb{R}}

,

t
≥
0

{t\geq 0}

, where

m
>
1

{m>1}

,

0
<
p
<
1

{0

2
⁢

(

1
-
p

)

m
-
1

{\sigma>\frac{2(1-p)}{m-1}}

. As a first outcome, we show that finite time blow-up solutions in self-similar form exist for

m
+
p

>
2

{m+p>2}

and σ in the considered range, a fact that is completely new: in the already studied reaction-diffusion equation without weights there is no finite time blow-up when

p
<
1

{p<1}

. We moreover prove that, if the condition

m
+
p

>
2

{m+p>2}

is fulfilled, all the self-similar blow-up profiles are compactly supported and there exist two different interface behaviors for solutions of the equation, corresponding to two different interface equations. We classify the self-similar blow-up profiles having both types of interfaces and show that in some cases global blow-up occurs, and in some other cases finite time blow-up occurs only at space infinity. We also show that there is no self-similar solution if

m
+
p

<
2

{m+p<2}

, while the critical range

m
+
p

=
2

{m+p=2}

with

σ
>
2

{\sigma>2}

is postponed to a different work due to significant technical differences.
Socrates’ First City:Pleonexiaand the Thought Experiment
Authors: Diaco Sara
Published: August 2020

The present study provides an analysis of Socrates’ account of the firstpolisinRepublic2 as a thought experiment and draws attention to the fact that Socrates combines both explanatory and evaluative aspects in his scenario. The paper further shows how the analysis of the city of pigs as a thought experiment can explain the lack ofpleonexiaby saving both the letter of the text, according to which there are no “pleonectic” desires in the city of pigs, and the fact that the firstpolisis nonetheless concerned with human beings. For, in contrast to the account offered by Glaucon earlier in Book 2, Socrates highlights our needs and lack of self-sufficiency as well as our compatibility with an advantageous and happy life in a community.
Young children’s language-based agency in multilingual contexts in Luxembourg and Israel
Authors: Schwartz Mila , Kirsch Claudine , Mortini Simone
Published: August 2020

Drawing on two longitudinal case-studies, this study aimed to identify some salient characteristics of the agentic behaviour of two young emergent multilinguals in two different multilingual contexts: Luxembourg and Israel. Despite the fact that the studies were conducted independently, the two cases were analysed together owing to the similarities in the research methods such as video-recorded observations, and semi-structured interviews with teachers and parents. The data were analysed through thematic and conversational analyses. Findings showed that a boy who learned Luxembourgish in Luxembourg and a girl who learned Hebrew in Israel, were outgoing and active learners who influenced their learning environment. We identified 10 types of agentic behaviour, including engaging in repetition after peers and the teacher, creatively producing language, translanguaging, and self-monitoring. Despite differences of the children’s sociocultural and linguistic backgrounds, and the language policies of their educational settings, we found a striking overlap in their language-based agentic behaviours. We suggest that the identified types can encourage further research in this field. Although our study with talkative children allowed us to observe many types of agentic behaviours, we cannot claim that less outgoing children or children who do not show the same behaviours do not have ways of expressing their agency.
Transportmodelle für Flüssigkeitsfilme
Authors: Hofmann Julian , Ponomarev Anton , Hagenmeyer Veit , Gröll Lutz
Published: August 2020

Der Beitrag behandelt Modelle für Flüssigkeitsfilme in Rohrleitungen. Da sich das Ein-/Ausgangsverhalten von Flüssigkeitsfilmen nur in grober Näherung mit klassischen Transportmodellen beschreiben lässt, werden zwei neue Modelle entwickelt. Letztere basieren auf Liquidelementen und sind auf andere Transportprozesse, bspw. im Verkehrsfluss, übertragbar. Zusammen mit den jeweiligen Modellannahmen führen fundamentale Bilanzgleichungen auf quasilineare partielle Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung, die mittels des Charakteristikenverfahrens in retardierte Ein-/Ausgangsgleichungen überführt werden. Diese Darstellung ist für den Reglerentwurf und die Simulation vorteilhaft. Der praktische Hintergrund des Beitrags ist der Fallfilmverdampferprozess. Daher werden die beiden Modelle hinsichtlich des beobachteten Ein-/Ausgangsverhaltens von Fallfilmverdampfern verglichen.
Multi-objective model predictive control for microgrids
Authors: Schmitt Thomas , Rodemann Tobias , Adamy Jürgen
Published: August 2020

Economic model predictive control is applied to a simplified linear microgrid model. Monetary costs and thermal comfort are simultaneously optimized by using Pareto optimal solutions in every time step. The effects of different metrics and normalization schemes for selecting knee points from the Pareto front are investigated. For German industry pricing with nonlinear peak costs, a linear programming trick is applied to reformulate the optimization problem. Thus, together with an efficient weight determination scheme, the Pareto front for a horizon of 48 steps is determined in less than 4 s.
Grundprinzipien für die Abschätzung von Einzugsbereichen in Totzeitsystemen
Authors: Scholl Tessina H. , Hagenmeyer Veit , Gröll Lutz
Published: August 2020

Für Ruhelagen autonomer retardierter Funktionaldifferentialgleichungen werden Konzepte zur Abschätzung des Einzugsbereichs abgeleitet. Diese stützen sich auf Verallgemeinerungen der direkten Methode von Lyapunov und des LaSalle-Invarianzprinzips. Bei totzeitfreien gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichungen lassen sich Untermengen des Einzugsbereichs durch Subniveaumengen von Lyapunov-Funktionen beschreiben. Im Gegensatz dazu kann bei totzeitbehafteten Systemen gegebenenfalls keine nichtleere Subniveaumenge eines entsprechenden Lyapunov-Krasovskii-Funktionals in das Monotoniegebiet einbeschrieben werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt zulässige Einschränkungen der Subniveaumengen an, um dieses Problem zu lösen. Zudem werden numerische Methoden beschrieben, die auf Oberschranken des Einzugsradius schließen lassen.
Did Right-To-Work Laws Impact Income Inequality? Evidence from U.S. States Using the Synthetic Control Method
Authors: Jordan Jeffrey , Mathur Aparna , Munasib Abdul , Roy Devesh
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we use the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) to examine the impact of a state’s adoption of a Right-To-Work (RTW) law on income inequality. We explore possible pathways through which RTW laws may impact inequality, namely, unionization, investment, and wages. Our finding of a lack of impact of RTW laws on inequality is further supported by findings of a lack of impact of the law on these variables. Our results follow Farber (1984), who suggests that RTW laws may simply mirror pre-existing preferences against union representation. Hence RTW laws are not the primary driver of changes in inequality.
Evaluating Changes in the Transmission Mechanism of Government Spending Shocks
Authors: Rebei Nooman
Published: August 2020

We empirically revisit the crowding-in effect of government spending on private consumption based on rolling windows of U.S. data. Results show that in earlier samples government spending is increasingly crowding in private consumption; however, this relation is reverted in the latest periods. We propose a model embedding non-separable public and private consumption in the utility function and rule-of-thumb consumers to assess the sources of non-monotonic changes in the transmission of the shock. The iterative full information estimation of the model reveals that changes in the co-movement between private and public spending is primarily driven by the fluctuations in the elasticity of substitution between private and public consumption, the share of financially constrained consumers, and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution.
Social Coordination and Network Formation in Bipartite Networks
Authors: Jiang Ge
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we consider a model of social coordination and network formation, where players of two groups play a 2 × 2 coordination game when they are connected. Players in one group actively decide on whom they play with and on the action in the game, while players in the other group decide on the action in the game only and passively accept all the connections from the active group. The players in the active group can connect to a limited number of opponents in the other group. We find that the selection of long-run outcomes is determined by the population size of each group, not the overall population size of them. If either group’s population size is small in comparison to the number of maximally allowed links, all players will choose the risk-dominant equilibrium, while when both groups are sufficiently large with respect to the number of maximally allowed links, the players of the two groups will coordinate on the payoff-dominant action.
Analysis of autonomic nervous pattern in hypertension based on short-term heart rate variability
Authors: Zhang Ruiqi , Hua Zhengchun , Chen Chen , Liu Guangyuan , Wen Wanhui
Published: August 2020

Physiological studies have found that the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in controlling blood pressure values. This paper, based on machine learning approaches, analysed short-term heart rate variability to determine differences in autonomic nervous function between hypertensive patients and normal population. The electrocardiogram (ECG) of hypertensive patients are 137 ECG recordings provided by Smart Health for Assessing the Risk of Events via ECG (SHAREE database). The RR intervals of healthy subjects include the data of 18 subjects from the MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm Database (nsrdb) and 54 subjects from the Normal Sinus Rhythm RR Interval Database (nsr2db). In this paper, each RR segment includes continuous 500 beats. Seventeen features were extracted to distinguish the hypertensive heart beat rhythms from the normal ones, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and sequential backward selection (SBS) were applied to get the best feature combinations. In addition, support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and random forest (RF) were applied as classifiers in the study. The performance of each classifier was evaluated independently using the leave-one-subject-out validation method. The best predictive model was based on RF and enabled to identify hypertensive patients by five features with an accuracy of 86.44%. The best five HRV features are sample entropy (SampEn), very low frequency spectral powers (VLF), root mean square of successful differences (RMSSD), ratio of low frequency spectral powers and high frequency spectral powers (LF/HF) and vector angle index (VAI). The results of the study show sympathetic overactivity and decreased parasympathetic tone in hypertensive patients.