bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schlafstörungen und schlafassoziierte Erkrankungen beim Glaukom
Authors: Weissleder Stephanie , Klemm Maren
Published: February 2019

Das gleichzeitige Auftreten von Schlafstörungen und Glaukom könnte in einem Zusammenhang stehen. Es gibt bisher keine konkreten Studien darüber, wie häufig und warum Schlafstörungen bei Glaukompatienten auftreten, jedoch liegen verschiedene Ansätze vor, die sowohl einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Auftreten von Schlafstörungen im Verlauf einer Glaukomerkrankung als auch zwischen dem Auftreten eines Glaukoms und bestimmten Schlafgewohnheiten herstellen.
Frühe oder kurzzeitige Insulintherapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes: Stellenwert und Risiko-Nutzen-Bilanz im Rahmen individualisierter Therapiekonzepte
Authors: Hanefeld Markolf , Fleischmann Holger , Liebl Andreas , Siegmund Thorsten
Published: February 2019

Trotz großer Fortschritte in der Qualität der Diabetestherapie wird der Anteil des Diabetes an der Gesamtsterblichkeit in Deutschland mit ca. 20 % angegeben. Diabetesbezogene Komplikationen sind wieder zum Schicksal vieler Patienten (im Besonderen Senioren) mit langer Diabetesdauer geworden. Die Prävention dieser Komplikationen erfordert eine frühe Diagnose sowie eine rasche und konsequente Glykämiekontrolle für den Erhalt und die Remission der residualen B-Zell-Funktion sowie den Schutz des Endothels vor Gluko- und Lipotoxizität. Die glykämische Last gilt für Makro- und Mikroangiopathien im Prinzip gleichermaßen. Mit den bahnbrechenden Ergebnissen der Outcome-Studien mit SGLT2-Inhibitoren und GLP1-Analoga ist sowohl in den Leitlinien als auch in der täglichen klinischen Praxis Bewegung in die Rangfolge der Antidiabetika gekommen. Angesichts dieser sehr positiven Entwicklung muss insofern das Postulat der frühen Insulintherapie im Rahmen einer individualisierten, risikoadjustierten Behandlung überprüft werden. Dieses White Paper demonstriert anhand von gut dokumentierten, kontrollierten Studien, dass bei klinisch kranken Patienten klare Indikationen für eine initiale, intensivierte Insulintherapie bereits zu Beginn des Diabetes gegeben sind. Die Insulintherapie zeigt im Vergleich zu anderen antidiabetischen Behandlungsstrategien den schnellsten Effekt in Bezug auf die Zielerreichung und Glukolipotoxizität. Im Hinblick auf die überwiegende Multimorbidität der Patienten und langanhaltende Remissionen – bis zu 50 % nach 2 Jahren – ist dies außerdem kosteneffektiv. Allerdings sind die Vorteile der frühen Insulintherapie nicht direkt übertragbar auf den langjährigen Diabetes. Jedoch ändert sich da die Situation, wenn nach Ausschöpfung aller Therapieoptionen für orale Antidiabetika und GLP1-Analoga eine weitere Verschlechterung des Diabetes zu beobachten ist oder diabetesbedingte Komplikationen vermehrt auftreten. In diesen Fällen können die positiven Effekte der frühzeitigen Insulinisierung ebenso in Betracht gezogen werden.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Barthet Marc , Giovannini Marc , Lesavre Nathalie , Boustiere Christian , Napoleon Bertrand , Koch Stéphane , Gasmi Mohamed , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Gonzalez Jean-Michel
Published: February 2019

Background Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasia (IPMN) with worrisome features are surgically managed. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has recently been developed. The safety of EUS-RFA was the primary end point of this study, its efficacy the secondary end point.

Methods This was a prospective multicenter study that was planned to include 30 patients with a 1-year follow-up with either a NET < 2 cm or a pancreatic cystic neoplasm (PCN), either a branch duct IPMN with worrisome features or a mucinous cystadenoma (MCA). EUS-RFA was performed with an 18G RFA cooling needle.

Results 12 patients had 14 NETs (mean size 13.1 mm, range 10 – 20 mm); 17 patients had cystic tumors (16 IPMNs, 1 MCA; mean size 28 mm, range 9 – 60 mm). Overall three adverse events occurred (10 %), two of these in the first two patients (one pancreatitis, one small-bowel perforation). After these initial patients, modifications in the protocol resulted in a decrease in complications (3.5 %), with one patient having a pancreatic ductal stenosis. Among the 14 NETs, at 1-year follow-up 12 had completely disappeared (86 % tumor resolution), with three patients having a delayed response. Among the 17 PCNs, at 12 months, there were 11 complete disappearances and one diameter that decreased by > 50 % (significant response rate 71 %). All 12 mural nodules showed complete resolution.

Conclusions EUS-RFA of pancreatic NETs or PCNs is safe with a 10 % complication rate, which can be decreased by improved prophylaxis for the procedure.
Current Trend of Invasive Orthopaedic Interventions for People with Haemophilia in Romania: Single Centre Experience
Authors: Serban Margit , Poenaru Dan Vasile , Patrascu Jenel Marian , Ritli Ladislau , Boia Eugen , Mihailov Delia Maria , Ursu Cristina Emilia , Savescu Delia , Ionita Ioana , Traila Adina , Cerbu Simona , Boeriu Estera , Jinca Cristian , Schramm Wolfgang , Arghirescu Smaranda
Published: February 2019

Objective In countries with low factor concentrate consumption, disabling joint disease remains the major morbidity in patients with haemophilia. The objective of the present analysis is to express the trend and profile of invasive orthopaedic interventions in our country with low usage of factor replacement, lacking the prophylaxis program until recent years.

Patients and Methods This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in our university centre in Timisoara with long-lasting experience in haemophilia care, which succeeded in developing an exceptionally valuable genuine comprehensive inter-institutional cooperation. This study refers to 115 invasive interventions performed on 97 patients: 83 with haemophilia A, 10 with haemophilia B and 4 with von Willebrand disease in the period of 2001 to 2017; 17 of them had inhibitors, 5 developing inhibitors after the intervention.

Results and Discussion The cohort of patients consisted mostly of young adults, aged between 7 and 49 years. The vast majority of them, 91.3% of the patients, had the burden of severe chronic arthropathy. This was the reason for 95 interventions, with programmed solution. In 20 cases the cause of invasive interventions was emergency. Knee and hip replacement represented 28% of the major interventions. The complications we encountered were excessive bleeding (12.2%), infection (13%) and inhibitor development (4.3%).

Conclusion Surgery is a demanding intervention in patients with haemophilia, which unfortunately cannot be ignored in our country. Hopefully, the improved availability and accessibility to replacement therapy will eliminate the necessity of these interventions, optimizing the outcomes for the next generations.
Novel Neuropathological Features of a Child with an Epileptic Encephalopathy Due to Presumed Polyol Dysmetabolism
Authors: Marsh Eric David , Bergqvist Anna Gunhild Christina , Medne Livija , Hassoun Patrice , Gonatas Nicholas Konstantinos , Eagle Ralph C. , Viaene Angela Nicole , Rorke-Adams Lucy Balian
Published: February 2019

Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism resulting in accumulation of polyols in body fluids were first described in the early 1990s by van der Knapp et al, but this diagnosis remains rare with very few patients reported with primary neurological phenotypes. We present a child with a presumed polyol disorder whose clinical course was similar to two of the original five patients and who had similar findings in quantification of urinary polyols. In addition, we document details of central nervous system pathology in this rare metabolic disorder. The basic pathology is that of a neurodegenerative disorder with hypomyelination leukodystrophy consequent to a defect of oligodendroglia and resultant axonal and neuronal loss.
Cystinosis: A Rare Case Presentation
Authors: Hantodkar Karan , Mohite Mahesh , Deshpande Pankaj
Published: February 2019

Cystinosis is a systemic disease caused by defect in metabolism of Cystine. It typically presents as Fanconi syndrome with metabolic acidosis, polyuria, failure to thrive, glucosuria, phophaturia and aminoaciduria. Our patient did not display metabolic acidosis at presentation and had features suggesting Bartter's syndrome.
Methemoglobinemia After Isolated Lidocain Spray: A Rare Phenomenon
Authors: Khandelwal Priyank , Malani Rachna , Kothari Soor , Prakash Tannvi , Malik Amer
Published: February 2019

Methemoglobinemia is a state recognized by the increased production of met-hemoglobin, which is a form of oxidized hemoglobin, which is unable to bind oxygen. As a result the patient has a functional anemia, in which the remaining oxyhemoglobin has increased oxygen affinity, shifting the oxygen curve to left and perpetuating the impairment of oxygen delivery to tissues. Methemoglobinemia is a rare, but serious cause of hypoxemia, which can be difficult to recognize. It has been traditionally associated with the use of benzocaine class of anesthetic agents and FDA has issued warning for the use of benzocaine class of anesthetic agents for the same reason. It has been very seldom reported with the use of lidocaine class of agents alone. Through this case report we want to emphasize development of methemoglobinemia through the isolated use of lidocaine.
Acardiac – Acephalus Twin – A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Mital Mukta , Garg Tanuj , Gupta Prashant , Nanda Vinit
Published: February 2019

Acardiac twin pregnancy is a rare complication of monochorionic twinning caused by aterioarterial and venovenous placental anastomosis, leading to circulatory predominance of one twin (1). The donor “pump’ twin provides circulation for itself as well as and for the recipient acardiac twin. The acardiac twin is usually grossly abnormal with severe reduction anamolies of the upper part of the body. We present a case of acephalus acardiac anomaly diagnosed by ultrasound, with subsequent post delivery followup.
Beware of Foreign Body Sensation” This Live Worm can Swim Through Your Eye! - A Case Series on Increasing Prevalance of Ocular Dirofilariasis in Tropical India: A Disease of Travel to Foreign Lands
Authors: Guptha Sruthi , TC Ranjakumar , Sundaram Lalith , Ashraf Rahana , Adil Syed , Hisham Mohammad
Published: February 2019

The purpose is to report a case series of increasing prevalence of ocular Dirofilariasis in tropical areas of South India and the importance of the disease with travel to tropical areas Human Dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria repens, have been reported to occur widely throughout Asia, Europe, and Africa. The Dirofilaria are natural parasites of mammals and are transmitted to man by zooanthrophilic mosquitoes. It is emphasized that both clinicians and microbiologists should have an increased awareness of this entity and include dirofilariasis in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with subcutaneous nodules. Excision of the lesion is both diagnostic and therapeutic.
Entropic boundary conditions for 13 moment equations in rarefied gas flows
Authors: Zinner Carl Philipp , Öttinger Hans Christian
Published: February 2019

One of the major challenges in extending hydrodynamics to far from equilibrium gas flows comes with the need of new boundary conditions for any new modeling approach. The difficulty lies in finding an accurate set of physical conditions at the boundary which simultaneously form a well-posed system of equations. In this paper, we study a system of moment equations for rarefied gas flows that comes equipped with an entropy. This allows a straightforward derivation of boundary conditions which are consistent with the mathematical requirements of the system. The complete nonlinear system is simulated in a rarefied channel flow setting and compared to standard approaches. The results exhibit most of the desired rarefaction effects, such as temperature jump and velocity slip at the wall.
Using over-damped resistor-inductor-capacitor circuits to synthesize an adjustable high voltage rectangular pulse
Authors: Zhao Y. , Xie W. P. , Jiang J. H. , Zhou L. J. , Chen L. , Wang M. , Li F.
Published: February 2019

A novel method is proposed to synthesize an adjustable high voltage bipolar rectangular pulse by means of three over-damped resistor-inductor-capacitor nonsynchronous discharge circuits and the artificial current zero technology. The main advantage of the novel method is that the rise time and the flattop durations are adjustable independently. It is very suitable for the insulation test due to the output waveform being not sensitive to sample variety. A prototype was designed and tested. The results show that the prototype can output an adjustable unipolar rectangular pulse with 17 kV amplitude, 330 ns–5.45 µs flattop duration, and 110–350 ns rise time on an insulation sample.
Environmental influences on autocollimator-based angle and form metrology
Authors: Geckeler Ralf D. , Křen Petr , Just Andreas , Schumann Matthias , Krause Michael , Lacey Ian , Yashchuk Valeriy V.
Published: February 2019

Deflectometric profilometers are indispensable tools for the precision form measurement of beam-shaping optics of synchrotrons and x-ray free electron lasers. They are used in metrology labs for x-ray optics worldwide and are crucial for providing measurement accuracy dictated by the form tolerances for modern state-of-the-art x-ray optics. Deflectometric profilometers use surface slope (angle) to assess form, and they utilize commercial autocollimators for the contactless slope measurement. In this contribution, we discuss the influences of environmental parameters, such as temperature and air pressure, including their gradients, on high-accuracy metrology with autocollimators in profilometers. They can cause substantial systematic errors in form measurement, especially in the case of large and strongly curved optical surfaces of high dynamic range. Relative angle and form measuring errors of the order of 10−4 are to be expected. We characterize environmental influences by extended theoretical and experimental investigations and derive strategies for correcting them. We also discuss the possibility to minimize the contributions of some errors by the application of sophisticated experimental arrangements and methods. This work aims at approaching fundamental limits in autocollimator-based slope and form metrology.
Dispersion surface and electromagnetic responses of the magnetosonic/whistler mode in the high-β collisionless plasmas
Authors: Huang Chaoyan , Zhao Hanqing , Zhao Jinsong , Sun Heyu , Shi Chen , Liu Zhifeng
Published: February 2019

Near-parallel and highly oblique magnetosonic/whistler (M/W) mode waves are frequently observed in solar wind and interplanetary shocks. These observed waves are usually analyzed by the plasma kinetic and fluid theories. This study compares the dispersion surface and electromagnetic responses of the M/W mode wave under both kinetic and fluid theories in the plasmas with βp = βe ≃ 1 in detail. In comparison with the kinetic theory, it proposes that the hot fluid theory is suitable to obtain the dispersion relation, the ratio of the parallel to perpendicular magnetic fluctuation Bz/B⊥, and the ratio of the electric to magnetic fluctuation E/B. Except the near-parallel low-frequency M/W mode, the hot fluid theory would be used to calculate the ratio between two magnetic fluctuations perpendicular to the wave vector B1/B2, the magnetic helicity σ, and the ratio of the parallel to perpendicular electric fluctuation Ez/E⊥ of the M/W mode waves. The cold fluid theory is good at describing the magnetic responses including Bz/B⊥, B1/B2, and σ, but it underestimates ω, E/B, and Ez/E⊥ for the obliquely propagating M/W mode wave. Furthermore, both hot and cold fluid theories can obtain the ratio of the longitudinal to transverse electric fluctuation relative to the wave vector EL/EP of the obliquely propagating low-frequency M/W mode. These results provide an indicator about how to choose the adequate theory to analyze the observations of the M/W mode waves in the solar wind and interplanetary shocks. Besides, from the dispersion surface in kinetic theory, it shows that the relative weak damping arises for the low-frequency branch at the angle around 0°, 60°, and 90° and for the high-frequency branch with ω ∼ [ωcp, 300ωcp] at the normal angle smaller than 60°, which indicates the possible angle and frequency of the freely propagating M/W mode waves.
Theoretical study of the defect evolution for molecular crystal under shock loading
Authors: Long Yao , Chen Jun
Published: February 2019

We simulate the shock loading process of β-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine by molecular dynamics and calculate the isoentropic curve, Hugoniot curve, temperature field, velocity field, stress field, and density field. Based on the simulation results, we develop a physical model to describe the pore collapse, crack expansion, and hot spot formation mechanisms and calculate a set of key parameters, such as pore collapsing speed, rarefaction wave speed, and crack expansion speed. A microscopic physical picture for defect evolution at the early time of shock loading is obtained.
Low-resistance stretchable electrodes using a thick silver layer and a PDMS-PDMS bonding technique
Authors: Park Daehoon , Jeong Jaewook
Published: February 2019

In this paper, a stretchable silver electrode having high stretching capability and good stability is demonstrated using a poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) substrate bonding technique. By bonding two silver electrodes (bonding electrode), low initial sheet resistance and good stretching capability under a 38% strain condition were achieved. It was also shown that the bonding electrode has good stability under a 1000-cycle prolonged stress condition (15% strain). The origin of the good stretching capability of the bonding sample is explained as percolation of the current path between the top and bottom electrodes. Using a resistor network model, the percolation of the current path was quantitatively characterized.
Improvement of memristive properties in CuO films with a seed Cu layer
Authors: Cheng Tie-Dong , Zhang Hao , Liu Nan , Yu Peng-Fei , Wu Gui-Tai , Tang Xin-Gui
Published: February 2019

We have prepared CuO-based structures including Au/CuO/Pt and Au/CuO/Cu/Pt films and studied the memristive characteristics of the two samples. Current-voltage curves of the samples suggest that both CuO-based films are typical memristive devices, showing conventional pinched hysteresis loops. Furthermore, the presented Au/CuO/Cu/Pt structure with a seed Cu layer between CuO and bottom electrodes Pt demonstrates more typical memristive and better retention characteristics than Au/CuO/Pt. In order to explore the conducting mechanism for improved memristive properties, the electric transport characteristics of the device are analyzed using a space charge limited current and charge trap defect theory.
Why and under which conditions can running and standing ionization-diffusion shock waves appear in the direct current gas discharge plasma?
Authors: Kurbatov Peter F.
Published: February 2019

It is shown that the modern synergy viewpoint on striations offers an explanation of how backward, forward, and fixed ionization waves (striations) in a direct current (dc) gas discharge come into being. Striations always propagate in the direction of majority carriers, namely, electrons with respect to the stationary ion skeleton, but particular experimental conditions in gas discharge tubes associated with cataphoretic and electrophoretic phenomena determine the actual propagation direction of striations.
Interfacial properties of penta-graphene-metal contacts
Authors: Hassan Arzoo , Guo Yaguang , Wang Qian , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Jena Puru
Published: February 2019

Novel properties of penta-graphene (PG) have stimulated great interest in exploring its potential for device applications. Here, we systematically study the interfacial properties of the heterojunctions constructed by stacking PG on several metal substrates (Ag, Al, Au, Cr, Cu, Pd, and Ti), which are commonly used in field-effect transistors. We consider PG as the channel material because of its semiconducting feature, while treating the metal surfaces as the electrodes. Based on first principles calculations, we show that PG preserves its pentagonal feature with some small distortions when deposited on the metal substrates but undergoes metallization due to the chemical bonding between PG and the metal surfaces. We evaluate the device potential of these PG-metal contacts by studying their tunneling barriers, orbital overlaps, and Schottky barriers. We find that PG forms an n-type Schottky barrier when in contact with Al, Cu, and Ti, but forms a p-type Schottky barrier when supported on Ag, Au, Cr, and Pd. Our study sheds light on the design and fabrication of PG-based electronic devices.
Quantum chemical methods in charge density studies from X-ray diffraction data
Authors: Korlyukov Alexander A. , Nelyubina Yulia V.
Published: February 2019

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies are among the best experimental methods for elucidating the structure of chemical compounds. Recently, their focus has been shifted towards extracting information on chemical bonding features and related valuable properties of these compounds from the analysis of charge density distribution obtained in high-resolution X-ray diffraction experiments; the latter are possible only for a limited number of well-ordered crystals of small molecules. In this review, the hybrid approaches are described that introduce quantum chemical methods into the refinement of X-ray diffraction data. Their use significantly extends the range of systems suitable for charge density studies (such as polypeptides, metal-organic frameworks, inclusion compounds and others) and the scope of problems that they solve, viz., from protein structure refinement to determination of thermodynamic or other wave function-derived properties of crystals. The potential of these hybrid approaches and prospects for their future applications are discussed.

The bibliography includes 322 references.
Pluripotent stem cell-derived myogenic progenitors remodel their molecular signature upon in vivo engraftment
Authors: Incitti Tania , Magli Alessandro , Darabi Radbod , Yuan Ce , Lin Karena , Arpke Robert W. , Azzag Karim , Yamamoto Ami , Stewart Ron , Thomson James A. , Kyba Michael , Perlingeiro Rita C. R.
Published: February 2019

Optimal cell-based therapies for the treatment of muscle degenerative disorders should not only regenerate fibers but provide a quiescent satellite cell pool ensuring long-term maintenance and regeneration. Conditional expression of Pax3/Pax7 in differentiating pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) allows the generation of myogenic progenitors endowed with enhanced regenerative capacity. To identify the molecular determinants underlying their regenerative potential, we performed transcriptome analyses of these cells along with primary myogenic cells from several developmental stages. Here we show that in vitro-generated PSC-derived myogenic progenitors possess a molecular signature similar to embryonic/fetal myoblasts. However, compared with fetal myoblasts, following transplantation they show superior myofiber engraftment and ability to seed the satellite cell niche, respond to multiple reinjuries, and contribute to long-term regeneration. Upon engraftment, the transcriptome of reisolated Pax3/Pax7–induced PSC-derived myogenic progenitors changes toward a postnatal molecular signature, particularly in genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. These findings demonstrate that Pax3/Pax7–induced myogenic progenitors remodel their molecular signature and functionally mature upon in vivo exposure to the adult muscle environment.
Cleave and Rescue, a novel selfish genetic element and general strategy for gene drive
Authors: Oberhofer Georg , Ivy Tobin , Hay Bruce A.
Published: February 2019

Significance

There is great interest in spreading beneficial traits throughout wild populations in self-sustaining ways. Here, we describe a synthetic selfish genetic element,CleaveR[Cleave and Rescue (ClvR)], that is simple to build and can spread a linked gene to high frequency in populations.ClvRis composed of two components. The first, germline-expressed Cas9 and guide RNAs (gRNAs), cleave and disrupt versions of an essential gene located elsewhere in the genome. The second, a version of the essential gene resistant to cleavage, provides essential gene function.ClvRspreads by creating conditions in which progeny lackingClvRdie because they have no functional copies of the essential gene. In contrast, those who inheritClvRsurvive, resulting in an increase inClvRfrequency.
Metaphorical motion in Chinese
Authors: Shan Xinxin , Onchoke Aunga Solomon
Published: February 2019

This paper focuses onmetaphorical motionin the Chinese language by investigating how various abstract concepts are construed in terms of spatial motion. The claim that the primary metaphor,change is motion, is central to metaphorical motion is confirmed, and we further examine sorts of target domains that are structured by spatial motion, the corresponding mappings in metaphors of entity-location pairs and orientational metaphors. Moreover, we explore how systematicity and complexity have structured the whole system. Through systematicity, coherence between different mappings and within one mapping are analyzed, and two concepts of “event” – event in “event-structure concepts” and in “motion event frame” are observed and are shown to be interrelated. By means of complexity, the specific issue ofentity-location dualityin metaphorical motion is discussed, and experiential bases – including physical, social and cultural basis for metaphorical motion is also considered.
Cross-cultural conceptualizations of ageing in Australia
Authors: Huang Hui , Sharifian Farzad , Feldman Susan , Yang Hui , Radermacher Harriet , Browning Colette
Published: February 2019

In this paper, the framework of Cultural Linguistics is employed to examine how older people from two different ethnic backgrounds in Australia conceptualize ageing and their own experience of ageing. The paper employs a qualitative method for the instantiations of interviews from two focus groups of Australian women. The results indicated that women of Anglo-Celtic background had a more self-oriented perception of ageing, aged care and self, while women of Chinese background had a more relational outlook. However, the evidence indicated that changes were taking place in both traditions despite a certain degree of continuity.
Metonymies and metaphors of sadness in the Old English vocabulary
Authors: Castaño Emilia Castaño , Verdaguer Clavera Isabel
Published: February 2019

The aim of this paper is to explore the predominant metonymic and metaphoric conceptualizations of sadness in the Old English period. To this end, the Old English expressions for emotional distress recorded inThe Old English Thesaurusand old English dictionaries have been analyzed. Taking as a starting point the experiential grounding of emotion conceptualization, we first present experimental evidence in support of the role of somato-behavioral reactions in emotion recognition, affective state induction and emotional information processing and interpretation, and review the most common metonymic and metaphoric expressions for sadness in Modern English. Next, we analyze the Old English vocabulary for sadness and the interplay between embodiment and culture in the conceptualization and linguistic description of emotional distress. Such analysis makes it clear that in ancient times, as in present day English, sadness and psychological distress were also conceptualized in terms of unpleasant physical conditions such as illness, cold, darkness or heaviness. Consequently, a long-term diachronic trend in the conceptualization of sadness can be traced even though its linguistic realization and motivation have varied through time.
The time of human thoughts and deeds
Authors: Hovhannisyan Gayane R.
Published: February 2019

A mysterious part of our physical and psychological models of the world is Time. Its cognitive representation has evolved from Mythology through Literature to Physics. In ancient times, it was Kala of the Indo-Europeans, Chronos of the Greek gods, and the Kirke of Odyssey whose world could make heroes forget about anything. Then came Renaissance, the gradual awakening of the Time of Soul, the swing of philosophical mind between material and ideal worlds, its acceleration to the Relativity of Einstein, and the recent collapse on the Quantum Theory and to new biocentric passages. Shakespeare’s world of human mind and characters is so diverse and opulent, that anyone can find and emulate natural and supernatural phenomena in it, getting food for philosophical, psychological contemplation and even ideas for quantum-physical speculations. The truth is that Time molds the world of matter with the subjective world of human dreams and deeds.
Environmental manifestoes
Authors: Rodrigues Soledade , Lewiński Marcin , Ali Üzelgün Mehmet
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we analyze the argumentative strategies deployed in theEcomodernist Manifesto, published in 2015 by a group of leading environmental thinkers. We draw on pragma-dialectics and Perelman’s rhetoric to characterize manifesto as a genre of practical argumentation. Our goal is to explore the relation of manifesto as a discursive genre to the argumentative structures and techniques used in theEcomodernist Manifesto. We therefore take into scrutiny the elements of practical argumentation employed in the manifesto and describe the polylogical strategies of dissociation in negotiating the ecological value of nature and the modernist value of progress.
Battlefield EU
Authors: Takovski Aleksandar
Published: February 2019

EU is a discursive field where multiple meanings and representations are created, negotiated and contested. Research has shown that the concept possess an interpretive power often used as an instrument of political confrontation. Such is the case, this study argues, with the two largest Macedonian parties – VMRO-DPMNE and the Social Democrats – who in a pursuit of changing or maintaining the power structuration in the society have produced a discourse on EU that best fits their political agendas. In a situation of a prolonged political crisis, and a significant involvement of EU, the two parties have commodified the discourse on EU into an instrument of self-promotion and/or criticism of the other. Demonstrating the instrumental use of the representations of EU by analysing the discursive strategies and the linguistic means deployed are the general aims of this study.
Engaging Women in Forensic Clinical Interviews: The Impact of Gender
Authors: Motz Anna
Published: February 2019

Women’s pathways into forensic settings differ from men’s. In particular, women in forensic settings, whether in prison, hospital, or the community frequently share histories of multiple trauma and attachment disturbances, often leading to profound difficulties in relating to others, despite a wish to do so. Consequently, effective engagement with such women requires gender-sensitive techniques, both in assessment and treatment. They are likely to view authority figures with suspicion and to be wary of engaging in a clinical interview whether for risk assessment, evaluation for a court report or another psychological issue, including treatment viability. They may have told their stories countless times before, and yet feel that they have never been heard, or seen. Communication is often indirect, rather than verbal, as the women may express their distress through behavioral disturbance including severe self-harm, aggression, and verbal assaults. This can challenge and confuse practitioners, and may also disguise a wish for care and emotional contact. This article explores the question of how to elicit trust and cooperation within the clinical interview and identify effective techniques for establishing therapeutic rapport. It focuses both on the experience of the clinicians, including their countertransference feelings, and the experience of the women being interviewed.
Submaximal heart rate seems inadequate to prescribe and monitor intensified training
Authors: ten Haaf Twan , Foster Carl , Meeusen Romain , Roelands Bart , Piacentini Maria Francesca , van Staveren Selma , Koenderman Leo , de Koning Jos J.
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the change in (sub)maximal heart rate after intensified training is associated with the change in performance. Thirty subjects were recruited who performed cardiopulmonary exercise tests to exhaustion 2 weeks before (pre), 1 week after (post) and 5 weeks after (follow‐up) an 8‐day non‐competitive amateur cycling event (TFL). The exercise volume during the TFL was 7.7 fold the volume during the preparation period. Heart rate and cardiopulmonary parameters were obtained at standardised absolute submaximal workloads (low, medium and high intensity) and at peak level each test. Subjects were classified as functionally overreached (FOR) or acute fatigued (AF) based on the change in performance. No differences between FOR and AF were observed for heart rate (P = .51). On total group level (AF + FOR), post‐TFL heart rate decreased significantly at low (−4.4 beats·min−1, 95% CI [−8.7, −0.1]) and medium (−5.5 beats·min−1 [−8.5, −2.4]), but not at high intensity. Peak heart rate decreased −3.4 beats·min−1 [−6.1, −0.7]. O2pulse was on average 0.49 ml O2·beat−1 [0.09, 0.89] higher at all intensities after intensified training. No changes in ⩒O2 (P = .44) or the ventilatory threshold (P = .21) were observed. Pearson's correlation coefficients revealed negative associations between heart rate and O2pulse at low (r = −.56, P < .01) and medium intensity (r = −.54, P < .01), but not with ⩒O2 or any other submaximal parameter. (Sub)maximal heart rate decreased after the TFL. However, this decrease is unrelated to the change in performance. Therefore, heart rate seems inadequate to prescribe and monitor intensified training.
Network inference performance complexity: a consequence of topological, experimental and algorithmic determinants
Authors: Muldoon Joseph J , Yu Jessica S , Fassia Mohammad-Kasim , Bagheri Neda
Published: February 2019

Motivation

Network inference algorithms aim to uncover key regulatory interactions governing cellular decision-making, disease progression and therapeutic interventions. Having an accurate blueprint of this regulation is essential for understanding and controlling cell behavior. However, the utility and impact of these approaches are limited because the ways in which various factors shape inference outcomes remain largely unknown.

Results

We identify and systematically evaluate determinants of performance—including network properties, experimental design choices and data processing—by developing new metrics that quantify confidence across algorithms in comparable terms. We conducted a multifactorial analysis that demonstrates how stimulus target, regulatory kinetics, induction and resolution dynamics, and noise differentially impact widely used algorithms in significant and previously unrecognized ways. The results show how even if high-quality data are paired with high-performing algorithms, inferred models are sometimes susceptible to giving misleading conclusions. Lastly, we validate these findings and the utility of the confidence metrics using realistic in silico gene regulatory networks. This new characterization approach provides a way to more rigorously interpret how algorithms infer regulation from biological datasets.

Availability and implementation

Code is available at http://github.com/bagherilab/networkinference/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Differential network enrichment analysis reveals novel lipid pathways in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ma Jing , Karnovsky Alla , Afshinnia Farsad , Wigginton Janis , Rader Daniel J , Natarajan Loki , Sharma Kumar , Porter Anna C , Rahman Mahboob , He Jiang , Hamm Lee , Shafi Tariq , Gipson Debbie , Gadegbeku Crystal , Feldman Harold , Michailidis George , Pennathur Subramaniam
Published: February 2019

Motivation

Functional enrichment testing methods can reduce data comprising hundreds of altered biomolecules to smaller sets of altered biological ‘concepts’ that help generate testable hypotheses. This study leveraged differential network enrichment analysis methodology to identify and validate lipid subnetworks that potentially differentiate chronic kidney disease (CKD) by severity or progression.

Results

We built a partial correlation interaction network, identified highly connected network components, applied network-based gene-set analysis to identify differentially enriched subnetworks, and compared the subnetworks in patients with early-stage versus late-stage CKD. We identified two subnetworks ‘triacylglycerols’ and ‘cardiolipins-phosphatidylethanolamines (CL-PE)’ characterized by lower connectivity, and a higher abundance of longer polyunsaturated triacylglycerols in patients with severe CKD (stage ≥4) from the Clinical Phenotyping Resource and Biobank Core. These finding were replicated in an independent cohort, the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort. Using an innovative method for elucidating biological alterations in lipid networks, we demonstrated alterations in triacylglycerols and cardiolipins-phosphatidylethanolamines that precede the clinical outcome of end-stage kidney disease by several years.

Availability and implementation

A complete list of NetGSA results in HTML format can be found at http://metscape.ncibi.org/netgsa/12345-022118/cric_cprobe/022118/results_cric_cprobe/main.html. The DNEA is freely available at https://github.com/wiggie/DNEA. Java wrapper leveraging the cytoscape.js framework is available at http://js.cytoscape.org.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Molecular classification of IDH-mutant glioblastomas based on gene expression profiles
Authors: Wu Fan , Chai Rui-Chao , Wang Zhiliang , Liu Yu-Qing , Zhao Zheng , Li Guan-Zhang , Jiang Hao-Yu
Published: February 2019

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant glioblastoma (GBM), accounts for ~10% GBMs, arises from lower grade diffuse glioma and preferentially appears in younger patients. Here, we aim to establish a robust gene expression-based molecular classification of IDH-mutant GBM. A total of 33 samples from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas RNA-sequencing data were selected as training set, and 21 cases from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas microarray data were used as validation set. Consensus clustering identified three groups with distinguished prognostic and molecular features. G1 group, with a poorer clinical outcome, mainly contained TERT promoter wild-type and male cases. G2 and G3 groups had better prognosis differed in gender. Gene ontology analysis showed that genes enriched in G1 group were involved in DNA replication, cell division and cycle. On the basis of the differential genes between G1 and G2/G3 groups, a six-gene signature was developed with a Cox proportional hazards model. Kaplan–Meier analysis found that the acquired signature could differentiate the outcome of low- and high-risk cases. Moreover, the signature could also serve as an independent prognostic factor for IDH-mutant GBM in the multivariate Cox regression analysis. Gene ontology and gene set enrichment analyses revealed that gene sets correlated with high-risk group were involved in cell cycle, cell proliferation, DNA replication and repair. These finding highlights heterogeneity within IDH-mutant GBMs and will advance our molecular understanding of this lethal cancer.
International Spillovers of Large-Scale Asset Purchases
Authors: Alpanda Sami , Kabaca Serdar
Published: February 2019

This paper evaluates the international spillover effects of large-scale asset purchases (LSAPs) using an estimated two-country dynamic stochastic general-equilibrium model with nominal and real rigidities and portfolio balance effects. Portfolio balance effects arise from imperfect substitutability between short- and long-term bond portfolios in each country, as well as between domestic and foreign bonds within these portfolios. We show that LSAPs in the United States lower long-term yields and stimulate economic activity not only in the United States, but also in the rest of the world (ROW) economy. This occurs despite the currency appreciation in the ROW and the resulting deterioration in their trade balance. The key for this result is the decline in the ROW term premia through the portfolio balance channel, as the relative demand for ROW long-term bonds increases following an LSAP in the United States. Our model indicates that US asset purchases that generate the same output effect as US conventional monetary policy has larger international spillovers due to stronger portfolio balance effects. We also show that international openness in financial markets reduces the stimulatory effects of LSAPs in the originating country, while increasing their international spillover effects.
Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Spinopelvic Fixation for Unstable Pelvic Ring Fracture Performed With the Patient in a Lateral Position
Authors: Tsuji Hironori , Takigawa Tomoyuki , Misawa Haruo , Shiozaki Yasuyuki , Yamakawa Yasuaki , Noda Tomoyuki , Ozaki Toshifumi
Published: February 2019

Spinopelvic fixation provides a strong fixation for unstable pelvic ring fractures. However, the technique is usually performed with the patient in the prone position, with the applied weight on the anterior superior iliac crests aggravating fracture displacement. We developed a novel approach for minimally invasive percutaneous spinopelvic fixation that is performed with the patient in a lateral (side lying) position. We describe the application of our technique for the treatment of a bilateral pelvic ring and acetabulum fracture in a 79-year-old woman injured in a traffic accident. Initial posterior fixation was performed with the patient in the left-side lying position, using bilateral pedicle screws at L3 and L4 and a left sacral-alar iliac screw and 2 right iliac screws inserted under navigation. The lateral and cranial displacement of the right pelvic ring was reduced percutaneously. One week after this initial surgery, we proceeded with an open anterior reduction and internal fixation of the left pelvic ring and acetabulum fracture. The postoperative course was uneventful and clinical outcomes were satisfactory. Reduction of a pelvic ring fracture in a lateral position, with subsequent spinopelvic fixation, is a reasonable option for the treatment of an unstable pelvic ring fracture.
Sleep Measurement in Toddlers From Low-income Families
Authors: Covington Lauren B. , Rogers Valerie E. , Black Maureen M.
Published: February 2019

Objectives:

(1) To examine toddler sleep in a low-income sample by comparing sleep diaries and actigraphy and (2) to assess whether toddlers are meeting the National Sleep Foundation recommendations (11–14 hours of sleep/24 hours and bedtime before 9 pm).

Methods:

A convenience sample of mother-toddler dyads was recruited from 2 health care sites serving low-income communities. An actigraph was placed on the toddler's ankle and was worn for 3 days and nights. Mothers concurrently completed a sleep diary. Bedtime, nighttime sleep duration, nap duration, and 24-hour sleep duration were collected by both measures. Actigraphy data were analyzed using a combination of manufacturer’s scoring algorithm and manual editing. Descriptive statistics and paired samples t-tests were conducted to examine the differences between sleep estimates by a sleep diary and actigraphy.

Results:

Twenty toddlers (aged 13–42 months) were included in the analyses. Based on actigraphy, 1 toddler went to bed by 9 pm on all 3 nights. Six toddlers achieved 11 to 14 hours of sleep measured in a 24-hour period for 1 of the 3 days, but when sleep was averaged across the study, none achieved this goal. Compared with actigraphy, sleep diaries underestimated bedtime by 1 hour, overestimated nighttime sleep duration by 2.5 hours, and overestimated 24-hour sleep duration by 2.3 hours, on average for all 3 nights.

Conclusion:

Mothers reported significantly earlier bedtimes and longer sleep durations for their toddlers compared with actigraphy, suggesting that objective measures differ from sleep diaries in assessing sleep in toddlers from low-income families. Findings should not be generalized to populations of low-income families without replication.
Practice patterns of nurse practitioners related to weight management in primary care
Authors: Hyer Suzanne
Published: February 2019

Background and objectives:

Obesity prevalence rates for adults are at an all-time high. This systematic review of the literature aimed to examine the practice patterns of nurse practitioners (NPs) related to weight management in primary care and recommend future areas of research as it relates to the diagnosis and management of patients with obesity by NPs.

Data sources:

The databases CINAHL PLUS with Full Text, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscuss were searched.

Conclusions:

The initial search resulted in 169 articles. Fifteen peer-reviewed articles from 13 studies were included in the analysis. Four themes emerged from the analysis: approach to practice; the practitioner's role within the interdisciplinary team; communication; and resources and tools.

Implications for practice:

This review was conducted to better understand the challenges and facilitators to the management of patients with obesity in primary care. Future research between NPs and variables related to obesity are necessary to further identify areas for education, training, and policy development.
A mixed-methods study of coping and depression in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Hopkins Casey S. , Kimble Laura P. , Hodges Helen F. , Koci Anne F. , Mills Benjie B.
Published: February 2019

Background and purpose:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with clinical manifestations that could be psychologically distressing to adolescent girls considering the concern of body image during the developmental stage of adolescence. Poor psychological functioning is related to increased mortality, higher health care costs, and negative health outcomes. Coping has been identified as impacting health and adaptation to illness; therefore, the purpose was to examine coping and depression in adolescent girls with PCOS.

Methods:

Adolescent girls, aged 13–18 years and diagnosed with PCOS completed questionnaires regarding coping and depression and participated in interviews. A convergent, parallel, mixed-method design was used.

Conclusions:

Girls perceived very little control over the aspects of PCOS, with menstrual irregularities and the threat of infertility reported as the most stressful and least controllable aspects of PCOS. Lower control was a predictor of greater depression among the participants.

Implications for practice:

Providers should strive to establish rapport with adolescent girls and ask specifically about their concerns surrounding PCOS to provide meaningful health education. Providers should also be aware of the risk for depression among this population and should routinely screen patients and keep channels of communication open regarding the symptoms of depression.