bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mo-doping heterojunction: interfacial engineering in an efficient electrocatalyst for superior simulated seawater hydrogen evolution
Authors: He Zuo-Ming , Zhang Chun-Xiao , Guo Si-Qi , Xu Peng , Ji Yuan , Luo Si-Wei , Qi Xiang , Liu Yun-Dan , Cheng Ning-Yan , Dou Shi-Xue , Wang Yun-Xiao , Zhang Bin-Wei
Published: December 2023

A heterostructural composite, by doping Mo cations into the Ni0.85Se lattice (Mox-Ni0.85Se) and epitaxially growing atomic MoSe2 nanosheets at the edge of Mox-Ni0.85Se, is successfully prepared to serve as an efficient electrocatalyst for simulated seawater hydrogen evolution.
A 0D hybrid lead-free halide with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield toward multifunctional optoelectronic applications
Authors: Li Dong-Yang , Kang Huai-Yuan , Liu Yu-Hang , Zhang Jie , Yue Cheng-Yang , Yan Dongpeng , Lei Xiao-Wu
Published: December 2023

0D hybrid indium halide exhibits near-unity PLQY and negligible self-absorption realizing multiple cutting-edge optoelectronic applications in high-performance white LED, X-ray scintillation and reversible fluorescent probe toward tribromomethane.
A self-phosphorized carbon-based monolithic chainmail electrode for high-current-density and durable alkaline water splitting
Authors: Min Shixiong , Meng Zhe , Zhao Yaoyao , Li Wenjing , Zhang Zhengguo , Wang Fang
Published: December 2023

A monolithic chainmail electrode is developed by embedding self-phosphorized carbon-coated Co2P nanoparticles within a porous carbon membrane, exhibiting excellent activity and durability for both alkaline HER and OER at high current densities.
Neural reactivation during human sleep
Authors: Denis Dan , Cairney Scott A.
Published: December 2023

Sleep promotes memory consolidation: the process by which newly acquired memories are stabilised, strengthened, and integrated into long-term storage. Pioneering research in rodents has revealed that memory reactivation in sleep is a primary mechanism underpinning sleep's beneficial effect on memory. In this review, we consider evidence for memory reactivation processes occurring in human sleep. Converging lines of research support the view that memory reactivation occurs during human sleep, and is functionally relevant for consolidation. Electrophysiology studies have shown that memory reactivation is tightly coupled to the cardinal neural oscillations of non-rapid eye movement sleep, namely slow oscillation-spindle events. In addition, functional imaging studies have found that brain regions recruited during learning become reactivated during post-learning sleep. In sum, the current evidence paints a strong case for a mechanistic role of neural reactivation in promoting memory consolidation during human sleep.
A Matter of Time: A Web-Based Investigation of Rest and Sleep Effects on Speech Motor Learning
Authors: van Zelst Anne L. , Earle F. Sayako
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

Here, we examine the possibility that memory consolidation during a period of postpractice rest or nocturnal sleep can bolster speech motor learning in the absence of additional practice or effort.

Method:

Using web-administered experiments, 74 typical, American English talkers trained in a nonnative vowel contrast then had a 12-hr delay with (SLEEP) or without nocturnal sleep (REST) or proceeded immediately (IMMEDIATE) to a posttraining production assessment. For ecological validity, 51 native Danish talkers perceptually identified the American English talkers' productions.

Results:

We observed that practice resulted in productions that were more acoustically similar to the Danish target. In addition, we found that rest in the absence of further practice reduced the token-to-token variability of the productions. Last, for vowels produced immediately following training, listeners more accurately identified vowels in the trained context, whereas in the untrained context, listener accuracy improved only for vowels produced by talkers who slept.

Conclusions:

A single session of speech motor training promotes observable change to speech production behavior. Specifically, practice facilitates acoustic similarity to the target. Moreover, although a 12-hr postpractice period of rest appears to promote productions that are less variable, only the productions of those who slept are perceived as more accurate by listeners. This may point to sleep's role in contextualizing the acoustic goal of the production to the learner's own vocal tract and its role as a protective mechanism during learning. These results are unaccounted for under existing models and offer potential for future educational and clinical applications to maximize speech motor learning.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24707442
Role of chitosan against grapevine downy mildew
Authors: Bavaresco Luigi , Belisomo Edmondo , Furiosi Margherita , Lucini Luigi
Published: December 2023

The study of environmentally friendly active principles against downy mildew represents one of the main challenges in viticulture. In this context, the aim of the present trial was to investigate the efficacy of chitosan as a resistance elicitor against downy mildew and to study the metabolites involved in the interaction plant-chitosan-pathogen by a metabolomics approach. The experiments were carried out on potted vines of Merlot R18 grafted on SO4 rootstock, Guyot trained, during 2022. Leaf disks pre-treated with chitosan were infected by Plasmopara viticola sporangia in 3 phenological phases and the development of infection was recorded. The most significant findings were: 1) Chitosan resulted as an effective elicitor of defense mechanism against Plasmopara viticola. 2) The elicitor activity of chitosan was explained mainly through the induction of some secondary metabolites (terpenes and resveratrol), fatty acids (involved in the biosynthesis of sterols), and hormones (brassinosteroids and abscisic acid). 3) The best efficacy corresponded to the application of chitosan 48 hours before the infection. The timing of the treatment was, therefore, one of the key factors for the success of chitosan treatment.
DATA for decision-making in viticulture in the face of climate change: Looking beyond production issues
Authors: Naigeon Nicolas , Picardat Sebastien , Auguste Pierre
Published: December 2023

The impacts of climate change on viticulture are increasingly being felt, requiring growers and winemakers to adopt new strategies to adapt to changing conditions. Data-driven decision-making is emerging as a promising approach to help viticulturists optimize their vineyard management practices for climate change adaptation. In this article, we present two case studies and imagine the potential of making the two interoperable to illustrates the use of data in decision-making in viticulture, looking beyond production issues to explore how data can support broader decision-making related to climate change adaptation. Our findings suggest that data-driven decision-making can support viticulturists in adapting to climate change and improving the sustainability of their operations. However, challenges such as data accessibility, quality, and interpretation must be addressed to enable more widespread adoption of this approach.
Silicone-specific identification of trace polydimethylsiloxanes in wines with 2D-diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY-NMR)
Authors: Herbert-Pucheta José Enrique , Hernández-Rangel Álvaro Omar , Vargas-Díaz María Elena , Sánchez Karla Hernández , Zepeda-Vallejo Luis Gerardo , Jiménez-García Montserrat
Published: December 2023

Present work stresses a novel analytical approach for increasing the specificity of standard NMR approaches for identifying polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and further silicone moieties in wines’ organic extracts, by including a second dimension that correlates chemical shifts with diffusion coefficients by means of pulsed-field gradient diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY-NMR). Each silicone source in wines is unambiguously assigned by correlation of both local chemical environments and by a unique diffusion coefficient value, in turn related to a hydrodynamic radius (RH) that can be obtained with respect proper internal standards. Obtained PDMS diffusion coefficient values and hydrodynamic radii in wines’ extracts, in agreement with expected values, present a selectivity and specificity so far not reported, that positions DOSY-NMR spectroscopy as an alternative in oenology for controlling PDMS limits.
Valorization of wine industry by-products: Characterization of phenolic profile and investigation of potential healthy properties
Authors: Di Lorenzo Chiara , Bani Corinne , Mercogliano Francesca , Bosso Antonella , Restani Patrizia
Published: December 2023

In the last years, the importance of food waste management and recovery is emphasized by the international guidelines to promote a circular economy approach. Wine industry is one of the sectors with the highest waste production, with a potential negative environmental impact. Winemaking by-products are mainly used to produce distillates, fertilizers and livestock feed, but alternative approaches for their management could be the formulation of healthy products. The aim of this study was the application of in vitro methods for a preliminary evaluation of the phenolic pattern and the associated biological properties of winemaking by-products from different red grape varieties. The methods were: 1) Folin-Cocalteau's assay for the assessment of total polyphenol content; 2) the vanillin assay for the quantification of total procyanidin content; 3) the pH differential method for the determination of total anthocyanin content; 4) DPPH and FRAP assays for the measurement of total antioxidant activity; 4) High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography for separation of phenolic substances and assessment of their antioxidant capacity; 5) dipeptidyl peptidase (DPPIV) inhibition assay to evaluate possible effects on glucose homeostasis. The results showed that grape pomace, particularly when including seeds, was a valuable source of polyphenols with significant antioxidant potential and promising activity on DPPIV, supporting its use in formulating healthy foods/food supplements.
On the use of Copper Tool developed by Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM) Process for Electrical Discharge Machining
Authors: Khan Mohd Yunus , Rao P.S. , Pabla B.S.
Published: December 2023

This paper highlights the review of work done in the area of 3D printed tools for the spark machining process. In recent times, additive manufacturing has gained wide popularity in different sectors. The additive manufacturing process or 3D printing, is a method for creating three-dimensional objects by layering material. Using the additive manufacturing technique of atomic diffusion, a tool for electrical discharge machining was developed. In this method, a mixture of metal and polymer that are formed into wire was employed and kept in a cartridge. The material mix is deposited in similar to extrusion process. A computer software does all the calculation, costing, weight analysis and printing time assessment. The procedure of the same is discussed. The scanning electron microscopic analysis of the same is done along with porosity measurement using ImageJ software. The surface characteristics of the printed tool was measured with Gwyddion software. Discussion on applicability of printed tool for electrical discharge machining process is done. words.
Advanced smokeless stove towards green environment and for sustainable development of rural women
Authors: Fidvi Huzaifa , Ghutke Pratik C. , Gondane Shubhangi M. , Kulkarni Mahesh Vasantrao , Nayak Ramesh Chandra , Padhi Debashree
Published: December 2023

Maximum family members in India are using traditional stoves to prepare their three meals per day. Generally, raw wood, cow dung and rice husk are the main fuels for running traditional stoves. Due to improper design of conventional stoves, incomplete combustion of fuel occurs which creates air pollution. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 4 million people die prematurely each year from diseases caused by indoor air pollution caused by inefficient eating practices. The survey also found that 60% to 70% of rural women are suffering from throat cancer and most of them are respiratory system problem. Accordingly, the AYUSH Department of the Government of India found that most of the deaths during the Corona period were due to failure of the respiratory system. To solve the problem of air pollution from traditional home stoves. We have developed a smokeless stove that uses wood as primary fuel and superheated steam as secondary fuel. Due to supply of hot steam, the built-in stove is used for household and community purposes. The main objective of this work is to establish complete combustion of fuel, provide a smoke free environment and thereby reduce health hazards in rural households, especially among women.
Research of the petroleum road bitumen modification process with secondary polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Gerasimov Denis , Lebedev Anton , Ignatyev Alexei , Murashov Anatoly
Published: December 2023

Modification of bitumen with polymers is an effective way to improve its properties. Despite the sufficiently widespread use of this method, currently there are practically no appropriate methods of this process calculation. Moreover, there are almost no the models to determine the size of formed polymer particles in modified bitumen of non-traditional polymer modifiers. The paper gives a mathematical description of the secondary polyethylene terephthalate particles formation in bitumen during the process of its modification. In terms of the stochastic approach, we obtained the analytical expressions for the differential distribution function of polymer particles in size, as well as the average size, surface, and volume. According to the research, increasing the rotation speed of the stirring mechanism leads to a decrease of the average particle size of the polymer. We use free software wxMaxima to perform the calculations.
Temperature gradient of the natural water surface thermal radiation
Authors: Gavrilin Sergey N.
Published: December 2023

The dependence of the thermal radiation of natural water on its kinetic temperature in the temperature range of 7-70 degrees Celsius was experimentally investigated. The measurements were carried out on an experimental installation FPK-11 with a thermocouple as a receiver of integral thermal radiation. The measurements were carried out outdoors at an ambient temperature of about zero degrees Celsius. The water temperature was measured by a contact thermometer immersed in the water column. In the temperature range of 28-40 degrees Celsius, a decrease in the thermal radiation of water was revealed with an increase in its kinetic temperature. A “hump” of thermal radiation in the range of 7-40 degrees with a drop in thermal radiation of about 10% of the maximum was revealed. The value of the contrast in the studied temperature range makes it possible to detect thermal contrasts of the hydro objects surfaces. It was proposed to use the thermal radiation of pure water as a reference for measurements. The conditions of practical use of temperature dependences of the thermal radiation of water for environmental monitoring of water surfaces are proposed.
Expediency of application of approximate methods to problems of building thermal physics
Authors: Parfentyeva Natalia Andreevna , Maignan Schubert
Published: December 2023

This paper shows the advantage and possibilities of application of approximate solution methods to typical and actual problems of building thermal physics. Specific examples of successful solution of rather complicated problems are given and the accuracy of the obtained solutions is evaluated. Without detracting from the advantages of numerical solutions, the possibility of assessing their reliability in comparison with approximate solutions is shown. It is noted that approximate solutions of a large number of problems can be successfully used in engineering practice.
Change in filtration gradients during head water drawdown
Authors: Aniskin Nikolay , Stupivtsev Andrey
Published: December 2023

Changes in the water level in a reservoir lead to changes of filtration stream parameters in the soil structure. The position of the depression curve, value and direction of filtration gradients and speeds changes near the slope of the structure. Operation practice of waterworks in such conditions shows that emergencies are possible. Changes in filtration stream parameters can cause filtration deformations of soils and loss of slope stability of a soil dam. The article considers unsteady filtration in a homogeneous soil dam for five options of composing soils having various filtration coefficients. The reservoir drawdown rate is considered as an affecting factor. Using the numeric finite-element method and PLAXIS 2D software suite, filtration stream parameters were found for the considered options. Maximum filtration gradients near the upstream slope of the soil dam were found for various options of dam soil permeability and drawdown rate. As the reservoir draws down, directions and filtration gradients and rates change near the slope surface. Maximum gradients occur at various stages of drawdown depending on its speed and reservoir soil permeability. Maximum gradients are quite high, which shows the need for anti-filtration measures.
Reorganization of industrial zones into a comfortable urban environment
Authors: Shirokova Maria I. , Slepnev Pavel A.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of reorganization of industrial zones within the existing residential development. Four redevelopment projects have been studied in the article and the main approaches in this topic have been highlighted. The study of foreign and domestic experience in the reorganization of industrial zones shows that the application of basic principles plays an important role in the formation of a comfortable urban environment. Innovativeness, sustainable development, preservation of historical heritage, consideration of the needs of society and the development of social and economic infrastructure significantly contribute to this goal. The work included a review of scientific and research papers, articles, studied the experience of cities in Russia and the world, and analyzed the methods, approaches and results of projects. As a result of the work done, the basic principles of reorganizing industrial zones into comfortable urban environments were identified.
Development of a mechanism to improve the efficiency of residential renovation projects on the example of the city of Moscow
Authors: Kirpichenkov Andrey Andreevich
Published: December 2023

Implementation of the residential renovation program, which is currently underway in the city of Moscow, as well as in other cities of the Russian Federation, helps to create comfortable and safe living conditions for citizens. In addition, one of the most important tasks of this program is the integrated development of urban areas: development of public spaces, landscaping of districts, organization of parks and recreation areas. But as practice has shown, at the stage of pre-project analysis, carried out at the stage of land plot selection, insufficient attention is paid to possible risks that can lead to an increase in project implementation time, as well as an increase in the cost of works. The study under consideration proposes to introduce a mechanism for selecting a project implementation strategy depending on the performance indicator of the land plot using the developed economic and mathematical model based on the main evaluated parameters. The proposed strategies will make it possible to form a system for assessing the conditions on the land plot under consideration and reduce the risks of unforeseen situations at further stages of project implementation.
Influence of external supply of low-grade heat on thermal efficiency of sCO2 power cycles
Authors: Sadkin Ivan , Shchinnikov Pavel
Published: December 2023

The effect of supply of additional external low-grade heat on overall thermodynamic efficiency is considered using the example of a cycle with a two-stage pressure increase by a compressor and a pump (by analogy with the Allam cycle). The influence of the cycle architecture in terms of organizing the heat fluxes in the pressure boosting system on thermal efficiency is also considered. The analysis is performed in a wide range of initial parameters. It has been determined that an increase in the CO2 temperature at the inlet to the main regenerator due to the supply of external low-grade heat for every 25°C leads to an increase in the cycle efficiency by 2%.
Study of processes of induction heating of steel billets with melting of corrosion-resistant coating considering two Curie points
Authors: Lepeshkin Alexander , Kondrashov Sergey , Fedin Maxim , Kuvaldin Alexander , Fedina Svetlana , Zhmurko Ivan , Ilinskaya Olga , Kudinov Sergey
Published: December 2023

A technology has been developed for melting a sprayed corrosion-resistant coating during induction heating of a steel cylindrical billet with the specified coating under rotational conditions. The current frequency and other parameters of the high-frequency induction unit were chosen to ensure maximum heat release in the corrosion-resistant coating during its melting on the surface of a steel cylindrical billet. Calculations and studies of the surface distributions of the current density and temperature along the length of the billet during induction heating have been carried out. Calculation and experimental studies of induction heating, thermal and thermally stressed state of a steel billet with a coating are given. The calculated and experimental curves for heating the surface of a steel billet with a coating are compared taking into account two Curie points. An analysis of the results shows that the thermal stresses that arise in the billet do not affect the technological process of induction heating of the billet with coating melting.
Quantification of skin wound tension using a newly designed wound
tensiometer
Authors: Lackmann Felix , Rohwedder Thomas , Maron Anita , Stegen Ludo , Brunnberg Mathias , Brunnberg Leo , Burger Michael , Böttcher Peter
Published: December 2023

Objective To (i) quantitatively measure wound tension in experimental skin
wounds using a newly developed wound tensiometer and (ii) establish reference
values for primary skin wound closure in medium- and large-breed dogs.

Study design Experimental cadaveric study.

Animal population Nineteen dogs of medium to large breeds (BW 20 to
40 kg).

Methods Elliptical skin wounds of different sizes were created on the
chest and abdomen. The wounds were gradually enlarged. Experienced surgeons
(ECVS diplomates or professors of small animal surgery) and inexperienced
surgeons (1st year after graduation) independently assessed wound tension
through manual manipulation and determined whether the wound could be closed
without tension-relieving measures. In addition, wound tension was objectively
quantified using a newly developed wound tensiometer.

Results The upper threshold for wound tension at which direct appositional
wound closure was recommended by the experienced surgeons was 5.4 N, and
the median minimal tension without recommendations for closure was
6.0 N. The data also demonstrate that wound tension and wound size do
not necessarily correlate, and inexperienced surgeons need to develop a feel for
wound tension.

Conclusion The intraoperative use of the wound tensiometer, in combination
with established cut-off values, might facilitate decision-making regarding
primary wound closure.

Clinical relevance The findings of this study provide evidence for the
applicability of a wound tensiometer in guiding inexperienced surgeons in their
choice of the skin wound closure method.
Ein Update zur felinen und caninen Giardiose
Authors: Kanski Sabrina , Weber Karin , Busch Kathrin
Published: December 2023

Giardia duodenalis ist ein fakultativ pathogener Darmparasit. Die
Giardiose bei Hund und Katze kann symptomatisch oder asymptomatisch verlaufen,
wobei typische Symptome Durchfall mit und ohne Erbrechen sind. Die
Prävalenz bei Jungtieren ist hoch und kann bis zu 50 % betragen.
Es gibt 8 verschiedene Genotypen (A–H), welche als Assemblages
bezeichnet werden. Bei Hunden kommen am häufigsten die Assemblages C und
D und bei Katzen die Assemblages F und A vor. Tiere können somit auch
mit den zoonotischen Assemblages A und B oder auch mit mehreren Genotypen
gleichzeitig infiziert sein. Als Diagnostikmethoden werden der
Immunfluoreszenztest (IFA), der Enzymimmunoassay (ELISA) und die
Fäkalzentrifugation mittels Zinksulfatlösung empfohlen. Mittels
Polymerasekettenreation (PCR) kann die entsprechende Assemblage bestimmt werden.
Zur Therapie der caninen und felinen Giardiose sind die Wirkstoffe Fenbendazol
und Metronidazol zugelassen. Zudem sollten bestimmte Hygienemaßnahmen
beachtet werden. Behandelt werden nur symptomatische Tiere oder solche, welche
im selben Haushalt mit Risikopatienten (z. B. immunsupprimierten
Menschen) leben. Ziel der Behandlung ist die klinische Verbesserung der
Symptomatik der erkrankten Hunde und Katzen. Zu einer vollständigen
Elimination der Giardien kommt es oftmals nicht.
LncRNA H19 Influences Cellular Activities via the
miR-454-3p/BHLHE40 Axis in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Yang , Yang Jihua , Zhang Honglai , Cheng Jingjing , Lei Peijie , Huang Jianyuan
Published: December 2023

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive malignancy threatening
patients’ life quality. Our previous study has demonstrated that
inhibition of long non-coding RNA H19 (lncRNA h19; H19) blocks ATC growth and
metastasis. The current study aimed to further explore the potential mechanism
of H19 in ATC. Expression of H19, miR-454-3p, and BHLHE40 mRNA was measured
using RT-qPCR in tissue samples and cell lines. The dual-luciferase reporter
assay and Pearson correlation analysis were used to explore the interaction
among H19, miR-454-3p, and BHLHE40. The biological process of proliferation,
migration, and invasion was determined using loss- or gain-function CCK-8 and
Transwell assays. Western blot assay was used to evaluate the changes in protein
levels. H19 was elevated in ATC tissues and cell lines. Based on online
prediction database results, miR-454-3p might be a target of H19, and BHLHE40
might be a direct target of miR-454-3p. miR-454-3p expression was decreased in
ATC and had a negative interaction with H19. BHLHE40 mRNA expression was
increased and has a negative correlation with miR-454-3p and a positive
correlation with H19. Downregulation of miR-454-3p and upregulation of BHLHE40
could reverse the decreased cellular activities caused by si-H19. Moreover, the
silence of H19 modulates BHLHE40 to affect the PI3K/AKT protein levels
and apoptotic-related protein levels. The current study provided a potential
detailed mechanism of H19 in ATC, and lncRNA H19-miR-454-3p-BHLHE40 interaction
may be a new experimental basis for prognosis and targeted therapy for ATC
patients.
Adjuvante Behandlung des caninen Hämangiosarkoms der Milz mit
der autologen dendritischen Zelltherapie – eine prospektive,
placebokontrollierte, randomisierte Doppelblindstudie
Authors: Reck Amalia , Gedon Julia , Kessler Martin
Published: December 2023

Gegenstand und Ziel Hämangiosarkome (HSA) der Milz beim Hund sind
hochmaligne mesenchymale Tumoren, die eine hohe Metastasierungsneigung
aufweisen. Auch mit adjuvanter Chemotherapie nach der Splenektomie liegen die
medianen Überlebenszeiten i.d.R. bei lediglich 5–8 Monaten. Ziel
dieser Studie war, anhand einer prospektiven randomisierten Doppelblindstudie
nach der Splenektomie die Wirksamkeit einer adjuvanten dendritischen
Zelltherapie nach der PetBioCell-Methode zu überprüfen. Zudem
wurden mögliche unerwünschten Wirkungen dieser Therapie
evaluiert.

Material und Methoden Einundzwanzig Hunde mit histologisch nachgewiesenem,
nicht-metastasiertem HSA der Milz (Stadium I und II) nach Splenektomie wurden in
die Studie inkludiert. Zehn Hunde erhielten die dendritische Zelltherapie, 11
Hunde bekamen ein Placebo injiziert. Die Applikation erfolgte nach
Herstellerangaben in den ersten 3 Monaten monatlich, anschließend alle 3
Monate bis zum Tod der Patienten. Die Überlebenszeiten sowie die
unerwünschten Wirkungen beider Gruppen wurden verglichen.

Ergebnisse Der Follow-up aller Patienten reichte bis zur Euthanasie oder
Versterben aufgrund von Metastasen. Ein Patient aus der Gruppe mit der
dendritischen Zelltherapie wurde aufgrund einer Prostatitis euthanasiert, dieser
hatte die längste Überlebenszeit (668 Tage). Ein Hund aus der
Placebo-Gruppe überlebte 448 Tage nach Splenektomie. Die mediane
Überlebenszeit betrug bei der dendritischen Zelltherapie-Gruppe 74 Tage,
bei der Placebo-Gruppe 126 Tage. Statistisch zeigte sich in der Tumor-freien
Zeit (t(18) = 1,4, p = 0,911) und der Überlebenszeit
(t(19) = –0,094, p = 0,463) zwischen den beiden Gruppen
kein Unterschied. Alle unerwünschten Wirkungen waren in der
Therapiegruppe mild und selbstlimitierend, auch in der Placebo-Gruppe wurde von
ähnlichen milden unerwünschten Wirkungen berichtet.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Immuntherapie mit autologen,
unreifen und ungeprimten dendritischen Zellen nach der PetBioCell-Methode zeigte
beim kaninen Hämangiosarkom der Milz in dieser Studienpopulation keine
nachweisbare Wirksamkeit hinsichtlich der Tumor-freien Zeit und
Überlebenszeit.
Zwerchfellhernie bei einer Alpakastute (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Wagener Matthias Gerhard , Kammeyer Patricia , Kleinschmidt Sven , Neubert Saskia , Ganter Martin
Published: December 2023

Eine 3-jährige hochträchtige Alpakastute fiel nach der Schur durch vermehrtes Liegen und verminderte Futteraufnahme auf. Zwölf Tage nach der Schur kam es zum Abort eines fast vollständig entwickelten Fohlens. Nach weiteren 2 Tagen kam die Stute zum Festliegen und verendete anschließend während des Transports in die Klinik. In der Sektion des Tierkörpers konnte eine Zwerchfellhernie festgestellt werden. Zwerchfellhernien wurden bei vielen Tierarten beschrieben, die Diagnose kann mittels Röntgen oder Ultraschall gestellt werden. Je nach Ausmaß kann eine chirurgische Therapie erfolgreich sein.
Deutscher Pflegepreis 2023 für Elisabeth
Kern-Waechter
Authors: Hilberger-Kirlum Pascale , Vornweg-Hiemenz Hildegard , Beilenhoff Ulrike
Published: December 2023

Im Rahmen des Deutschen Pflegetages wurde Elisabeth Kern-Waechter am 28.
September 2023 der Deutsche Pflegepreis verliehen. Frau Kern-Waechter wurde mit
folgender Laudatio geehrt:
Chloroquine Alleviates Atherosclerosis by Modulating Regulatory T
Cells Through the ATM/AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in
ApoE
−/−
Mice
Authors: Liu Dan , Zhang Yonggang , Zhang Yiyi , Huang Qiaorong , Meng Wentong , Gao Jinhang , Mo Xianming , Tian Haoming , Li Sheyu
Published: December 2023

Background Clinical observation suggests the atheroprotective effect of
chloroquine and its derivatives, while its mechanism remains unclear. This study
aimed to observe the protective effect of chloroquine against atherosclerosis
and explore the underlying mechanism.

Methods Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) wild-type or haploinsufficient
apolipoprotein-E-knockout
(ATM+/+ApoE−/−
or
ATM+/−ApoE−/−)
mice were treated with different dosages of chloroquine. Anti-CD25 antibody was
used to deplete natural Tregs in
ATM+/+ApoE−/−
mice. The atherosclerotic burden in different groups of mice was comprehensively
evaluated by H&E staining and Masson staining. The effect of chloroquine
on the regulatory T cells (Tregs) was assessed in vivo and in vitro by flow
cytometry and immunohistochemical staining. The expression of related proteins
was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.

Results In
ATM+/+ApoE−/−
mice, chloroquine alleviated atherosclerotic lesions, stabilized the plaque, and
increased Treg counts in the atherosclerotic lesions and spleens. However, in
ATM haploinsufficient mice
(ATM+/−ApoE−/−),
chloroquine no longer prevented atherosclerosis or impacted Treg counts.
Abolishing Treg cells using an anti-CD25 antibody in vivo abrogated the
atheroprotective effect of chloroquine. In vitro, chloroquine promoted the
differentiation of Tregs from naïve T cells, which was accompanied by
enhanced ATM/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and reduced
downstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity.

Discussion These findings suggest that chloroquine ameliorates
atherosclerosis and stabilizes plaque by modulating Tregs differentiation
through the regulation of the ATM/AMPK/mTOR pathway.
Head and Neck Injuries among Powered Scooter Users between 2010 and 2019
Authors: Trapp Luke P. , Sukumar Nitin , Cristel Robert T , Yu Jeffrey
Published: December 2023

Powered scooters, including electric scooters (e-scooters), have become an increasingly available and popular mode of personal transportation, but the health risks of these devices are poorly explored. We aim to quantify the increase in frequency of powered scooter–associated head and neck region injuries occurring yearly from 2010 to 2019, and to compare the frequency and severity of injury with those involving unpowered scooters. Here we present a retrospective cross-sectional study of all patients with head and neck injuries associated with powered and unpowered scooters seen in emergency departments reporting to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. During this time frame, a total of 1,620 injuries associated with powered scooters and a total of 5,675 injuries associated with unpowered scooters were reported to the NEISS. The database estimates these to reflect a nationwide total of 54,036 powered scooter–related injuries and 168,265 unpowered scooter–related injuries. Powered scooter injuries have increased for both children and adults since 2014, and estimated powered scooter injuries (16,243) surpassed estimated unpowered scooter injuries (14,124) when including all age groups for the first time in 2019. In 2019, adults are estimated to have nearly twice as many powered scooter–related head and neck injuries as children (10,884 vs. 5,359, respectively). In 2019, a higher proportion of powered scooter–related injuries involving adults were severe injuries when compared with those involving children (13.3 vs. 5.2%, respectively). Interestingly, unpowered scooters still cause many more estimated injuries in children than powered scooters did during 2019 (11,953 vs. 5,083). We find that powered scooters are now associated with a greater number and severity of head and neck injuries among the adult population than the pediatric population. But unpowered scooters still cause more head and neck injuries than powered scooters in the pediatric population.
Bridging the Gap: A Pilot Study on the Efficacy of Nerve Allografts in Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Lu Wang Marcos , Huang Hao , Zhang Ashley , Ellison Angela , Black Grant G. , Otterburn David M.
Published: December 2023

Background Breast anesthesia is commonly reported after mastectomy and reconstruction. During deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstruction, we coapt at least one of the T10 to T12 thoracoabdominal nerves within the flap to the anterior cutaneous branch of the third intercostal nerve using a nerve allograft. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of nerve grafting in improving sensory recovery following neurotized DIEP flap reconstruction.

Methods Thirty patients (54 breasts) underwent immediate neurotized DIEP flap reconstruction using nerve grafts. Sensitivity evaluation was performed in nine breast regions. For each patient, sensation was compared between two time points: 3 to 6 months postoperatively versus 12 to 24 months postoperatively. The reconstructive BREAST-Q was used to survey patients' satisfaction of their breasts, physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, and sexual well-being.

Results At 3 to 6 months postoperatively, patients had a mean sensitivity measurement of 52.1 g/mm2. At 12 to 24 months postoperatively, patients had a mean sensitivity measurement of 40.3 g/mm2. There was a significant decrease in the mean cutaneous threshold required for patients to perceive sensation between the two time points (–29.1%, p = 0.041). On the reconstructive BREAST-Q, patients scored significantly higher in breast satisfaction (56.7/100 vs. 75.1/100, 32.5%, p = 0.032) and physical well-being (66.0/100 vs. 85.5/100, 20.2%, p = 0.022) between the two time points.

Conclusion Patients who undergo nerve graft-based DIEP flap reconstruction can expect significant improvements in sensation to pressure over time. This improvement found on sensory testing correlates with significant improvement in patients' BREAST-Q scores.
Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of 2′-Deoxy-4′-thioguanine Nucleosides: Evaluation of Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity and ­Cytotoxicity Leading to Improved Selectivity Index by 4′-C-Cyanation
Authors: Haraguchi Kazuhiro , Kumamoto Hiroki , Imoto Shuhei , Kuwata-Higashi Nobuyo , Mitsuya Hiroaki
Published: December 2023

An N
9-regio- and β-anomer-selective 4′-thioglycosidation of purine bases has been developed. The reaction between a 2-deoxy-2-iodo-4-thioribofuranosyl glycosyl donor and N-(6-chloro-9H-purin-2-yl)-2-methylpropanamide gave the corresponding 2′-deoxy-4′-thiopurine nucleoside in 87% yield along with its N
7-regioisomer in 6% yield, without the formation of the α-anomer. By using a derivative obtained from 17, a practical chemical synthesis of 2′-deoxy-4′-thioguanosine was developed. 4′-α-C-Cyano-2′-deoxy-4′-thioguanosine was synthesized, starting from a 4-(acetoxymethyl)-2-deoxy-2-iodo-4-thioribofuranose derivative as a glycosyl donor. An evaluation of the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity and the cytotoxicity toward the host cell revealed that 4'-C-cyano-2'-deoxy-4'-thioguanosine exhibited about 100 times more potent anti-HBV activity than 2′-deoxy-4′-thioguanosine with a comparative cytotoxicity, resulting in the identification of a novel molecule having better selectivity index value than that of 2′-deoxy-4′-thioguanosine. This finding might provide a guideline for the development of the next generation of anti-HBV agents.
Induced synchronization by endogenous noise modulation in finite-size random neural networks: A stochastic mean-field study
Authors: Lefebvre J. , Hutt A.
Published: December 2023

Event-related synchronization and desynchronization (ERS/ERD) are well-known features found experimentally in brain signals during cognitive tasks. Their understanding promises to have much better insights into neural information processes in cognition. Under the hypothesis that neural information affects the endogenous neural noise level in populations, we propose to employ a stochastic mean-field model to explain ERS/ERD in the γ-frequency range. The work extends previous mean-field studies by deriving novel effects from finite network size. Moreover, numerical simulations of ERS/ERD and their analytical explanation by the mean-field model suggest several endogenous noise modulation schemes, which may modulate the system’s synchronization.
X-ray fluorescent method for the analysis of trace elements in bio-materials with correction of the matrix effect
Authors: Mikhailov Igor F. , Mikhailov Anton I. , Borisova Svetlana S. , Fomina Larisa P.
Published: December 2023

A method for correcting the matrix effect by measuring the intensity of fluorescent radiation and its absorption by the sample material in the same x-ray optical scheme is proposed. The use of a complex secondary Ag–Ge emitter as a primary radiation source provides a low detection limit for a wide range of chemical elements from Ca (Z = 20) to Mo (Z = 42) in the K-series and from Cd (Z = 48) to Bi (Z = 83) in the L-series. To measure the absorption, the radiation of an additional secondary emitter is used, of which the wavelength can be varied in the range from 0.633 to 3.38 Å, depending on the measured impurity. An example of determining the mass fraction of an impurity in a sample of unknown composition prepared from a mixture of state standard samples of aqueous solutions is given. The x-ray optical scheme was assembled on the basis of a portable Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer. The method is designed to study materials with a base consisting of chemical elements with a low atomic number.
Stable vortex waves generation by a flexible antenna made of highly conductive graphene film
Authors: He Zuxian , Gu Shoudong , Tuz Vladimir R. , Wang Xiaolong , Fesenko Volodymyr I.
Published: December 2023

Electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM and vortex waves) attract much attention due to their specific characteristics and prospects for use in wireless communication, biomedical engineering, and imaging. Vortex waves are complex spatial entities; therefore, their stable generation is a quite complicated task, especially in the radio frequency and terahertz wave domains, considering that the corresponding antennas must be precisely adjusted. Such adjusting is very difficult to achieve for flexible antennas, which are now being actively introduced into practice. Here, we propose a design of a flexible antenna that is able to stably generate waves carrying OAM even when being subjected to some bending. The antenna is composed of a ring-shaped resonator made of a highly conductive graphene film deposited on a thin polydimethylsiloxane substrate. The antenna is operated on two mutually orthogonal degenerate TMm1 modes excited by two supply strip lines to generate vortex waves with a desired topological charge. We verify this ability numerically and in a microwave experiment on two antenna prototypes deriving the OAM mode purity by changing the bending radius of the antenna bearing surface, giving it either positive or negative curvature. The obtained experimental results confirm that the antenna has good performance and can be used for flexible electronic devices and communication systems.
The difference between molecules and materials: Reassessing the role of exact conditions in density functional theory
Authors: Pederson Ryan , Burke Kieron
Published: December 2023

Exact conditions have long been used to guide the construction of density functional approximations. However, hundreds of empirical-based approximations tailored for chemistry are in use, of which many neglect these conditions in their design. We analyze well-known conditions and revive several obscure ones. Two crucial distinctions are drawn: that between necessary and sufficient conditions and that between all electronic densities and the subset of realistic Coulombic ground states. Simple search algorithms find that many empirical approximations satisfy many exact conditions for realistic densities and non-empirical approximations satisfy even more conditions than those enforced in their construction. The role of exact conditions in developing approximations is revisited.
Preliminary investigation on the implementation of an artificial synapse using TaOx-based memristor with thermally oxidized active layer
Authors: Kim Juri , Park Yongjin , Lee Jung-Kyu , Kim Sungjun
Published: December 2023

This study presents a preliminary exploration of thermally oxidized TaOx-based memristors and their potential as artificial synapses. Unlike the 10-min annealed devices, which display instability due to current overshoots, the 5-min annealed device exhibits stable resistive switching, retention, and endurance characteristics. Moreover, our memristor showcases synaptic behaviors encompassing potentiation, depression, spike-timing-dependent plasticity, and excitatory postsynaptic currents. This synaptic emulation holds tremendous promise for applications in neuromorphic computing, offering the opportunity to replicate the adaptive learning principles observed in biological synapses. In addition, we evaluate the device’s suitability for pattern recognition within a neural network using the modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset. Our assessment reveals that the Pt/TaOx/Ta memristor with an oxidized insulator achieves outstanding potential manifested by an accuracy of 93.25% for the identical pulse scheme and an impressive accuracy of 95.42% for the incremental pulse scheme.
Hippocampal contributions to novel spatial learning are both age-related and age-invariant
Authors: Zheng Li , Gao Zhiyao , Doner Stephanie , Oyao Alexis , Forloines Martha , Grilli Matthew D. , Barnes Carol A. , Ekstrom Arne D.
Published: December 2023

Older adults show declines in spatial memory, although the extent of these alterations is not uniform across the healthy older population. Here, we investigate the stability of neural representations for the same and different spatial environments in a sample of younger and older adults using high-resolution functional MRI of the medial temporal lobes. Older adults showed, on average, lower neural pattern similarity for retrieving the same environment and more variable neural patterns compared to young adults. We also found a positive association between spatial distance discrimination and the distinctiveness of neural patterns between environments. Our analyses suggested that one source for this association was the extent of informational connectivity to CA1 from other subfields, which was dependent on age, while another source was the fidelity of signals within CA1 itself, which was independent of age. Together, our findings suggest both age-dependent and independent neural contributions to spatial memory performance.
USP16 is an ISG15 cross-reactive deubiquitinase that targets pro-ISG15 and ISGylated proteins involved in metabolism
Authors: Gan Jin , Pinto-Fernández Adán , Flierman Dennis , Akkermans Jimmy J. L. L. , O’Brien Darragh P. , Greenwood Helene , Scott Hannah Claire , Fritz Günter , Knobeloch Klaus-Peter , Neefjes Jacques , van Dam Hans , Ovaa Huib , Ploegh Hidde L. , Kessler Benedikt M. , Geurink Paul P. , Sapmaz Aysegul
Published: December 2023

Interferon-induced ubiquitin (Ub)-like modifier ISG15 covalently modifies host and viral proteins to restrict viral infections. Its function is counteracted by the canonical deISGylase USP18 or Ub-specific protease 18. Notwithstanding indications for the existence of other ISG15 cross-reactive proteases, these remain to be identified. Here, we identify deubiquitinase USP16 as an ISG15 cross-reactive protease by means of ISG15 activity-based profiling. Recombinant USP16 cleaved pro-ISG15 and ISG15 isopeptide-linked model substrates in vitro, as well as ISGylated substrates from cell lysates. Moreover, interferon-induced stimulation of ISGylation was increased by depletion of USP16. The USP16-dependent ISG15 interactome indicated that the deISGylating function of USP16 may regulate metabolic pathways. Targeted enzymes include malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase 1, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, and cytoplasmic glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1. USP16 may thus contribute to the regulation of a subset of metabolism-related proteins during type-I interferon responses.