bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reexame necessário no novo CPC: a conservação de uma ofensa ao princípio da igualdade
Authors: De Oliveira Bruno Almeida , Do Val Sandra Santacruz
Published: December 2017

Pesquisa bibliográfica inserida na grande área direito processual civil, tema reexame necessário ‘secundum eventum litis’. O objetivo geral do trabalho é examinar a legitimidade da manutenção do referido instituto no Código de Processo Civil de 2015, dadas críticas diversas a caracterizá-lo como ofensa ao princípio da igualdade. Daí o problema da pesquisa: o reexame necessário ofende o princípio da igualdade? A hipótese é a resposta afirmativa ao problema, ao fim, confirmada na conclusão.
Nueva perspectiva para la promoción del trabajo decente y la dignidad del trabajador
Authors: Serrano Díaz Luis
Published: December 2017

En el presente artículo me referiré al Trabajo Decente, las principales normas internacionales que regulan los sistemas de inspección en el ámbito internacional normas que fueron establecidas por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (en adelante OIT), institución de alcance mundial y de carácter tripartito (reúne a los representantes de trabajadores, empleadores y el Estado) y cuya sede para América Latina y el Caribe se encuentra en el Perú, me referiré también a la creación de SUNAFIL, mediante Ley N° 29981 de 15.01.2013, institución técnica especializada, con autonomía funcional, administrativa y presupuestaria, ente rector de la inspección de trabajo en el Perú que está en funcionamiento efectivo desde el 01.04.2014, de fundamental importancia porque tiene impacto en el Trabajo Decente en el Perú; esto para presentar una nueva perspectiva de promoción del Trabajo Decente mediante la puesta en práctica de un nuevo concepto de Trabajo Decente ( Trabajo Digno) que desarrollé producto de las investigaciones y análisis de la doctrina y sobre la base de lo que la OIT estableció, esta nueva perspectiva implica la necesidad de realizar modificaciones.
Breves notas sobre o princípio constitucional da precaução
Authors: Wedy Gabriel de Jesus Tedesco
Published: December 2017

No artigo é abordado o conceito do princípio da precaução e a sua distinção com o princípio da prevenção. Posteriormente é realizada análise dos seus elementos constitutivos característicos: inversão do ônus da prova, risco de dano e incerteza científica. O ensaio traz lições de doutrina nacional e estrangeira sobre o tema além de exemplos práticos de aplicação do princípio da precaução e da prevençã.
A opinião pública na sociedade da informação
Authors: Sousa Ana Claudia , Nishiyama Adolfo Mamoru
Published: December 2017

O objetivo desse artigo é demonstrar como a sociedade da informação pode vir a contribuir para a formação da Opinião Pública. As redes sociais têm um papel fundamental nos dias que correm, pois no âmbito da Internet, qualquer assunto pode vir a ser discutido, pode vir a ser debatido. Na era digital somos todos protagonistas e, assim sendo, qualquer pessoa pode dar uma notícia ou mesmo externar suas opiniões por intermédio dos meios digitais. De certo que não pretendemos esgotar o assunto, até porque a literatura sobre tais institutos é vastíssima.
A construção do debate Sociológico no Brasil
Authors: Bastos Elide Rugai
Published: December 2017

Quando entre cientistas sociais nos referimos ao termo construção imediatamente inferimos que se trata de um processo que se estende ao longo de um tempo ou período e num defi nido espaço, mobilizando diferentes atores ou agentes. Mais ainda, entendemos que esse processo compreende diferentes dimensões e tratamos de mobilizar algumas delas, entre as quais destacamos a econômica, a social, a política e a cultural.
De Vossa Mercê amigo, criado e muito obrigado: comércio, família e redes de clientela na capitania de Minas Gerais (c.1760 – c. 1820)
Authors: Pinto Paula Chaves Teixeira
Published: December 2017

Em 1789, na capitania de Minas Gerais, o movimento de membros das elites mineiras, que pretendia a Independência, foi denunciado por partícipes. A investigação sobre o crime iniciou em 1789, sendo abertas duas devassas. O episódio, reflexo das transformações socioeconômicas no Império Ultramarino português, deixou o comerciante português Manoel Pereira Alvim e seu sobrinho, Gervásio Pereira Alvim, numa situação delicada perante a movimentação de seus negócios: a prisão dos envolvidos no movimento implicou na desarticulação de suas redes de negócios. Dessa forma, uma nova realidade foi posta: a ausência de parceiros impôs ao comerciante e seu sobrinho um novo quadro, no qual novos laços de amizades e redes de clientela precisariam ser formados para salvaguardar a sobrevivência enquanto membros das elites e para assegurar a produção da riqueza e do poder. Por meio da microanálise, o objeto desta pesquisa é a formação das redes de clientela e de negócios em Minas Gerais entre os anos de 1760 e 1820, enfatizando as estratégias e adaptações dos sujeitos às novas conjunturas do Império Ultramarino português e do Brasil.
Um estudo sobre a população da Capitania do Rio Grande com ênfase na escravidão negra e indígena no contexto da Guerra dos Bárbaros (1681-1714)
Authors: Dias Dayane Julia Carvalho , Alveal Carmen Margarida Oliveira
Published: December 2017

O trabalho pretende analisar alguns dados demográficos sobre a capitania do Rio Grande, na região norte do Estado do Brasil, com base em registros de batismos da Freguesia de Nossa Senhora de Apresentação, contemplando os aldeamentos e algumas capelas rurais, entre os anos de 1681 e 1714, período cujo contexto era conturbado em decorrência da chamada Guerra dos Bárbaros. Os dados mostram algumas características interessantes sobre o perfil daquela população à época. A análise, ancorada na totalidade de batizandos, incluindo livres e escravos, procurará privilegiar os escravos, segmento significativo da sociedade colonial da capitania do Rio Grande. Assim, procurou-se analisar, com base nos registros paroquiais de batismos, os seguintes elementos: distribuição geográfica dos locais de batismos (população total, escravizados negros e indígenas); condição jurídica; distribuição por sexo; razão entre sexos; quantidade de batismos por anos de escravos negros e indígenas; locais de procedência dos escravos de origem africana; e por fim, relações familiares dos escravos negros, no que se refere à categoria de idade (dividido entre crianças, adultos e informações ausentes), e no caso das crianças, o estado civil de suas mães.
“Com os olhos no futuro da Demografia Histórica da América Latina”: uma homenagem à Maria Luiza Marcílio
Authors: Scott Ana Sílvia Volpi
Published: December 2017

A partir da recente comemoração dos cinquenta anos da Demografia Histórica, presta-se uma homenagem às contribuições de Maria Luiza Marcílio para a introdução e o desenvolvimento desses estudos no Brasil e na América Latina. Colocam-se em destaque os importantes aportes dados pela homenageada, através das suas atividades de docência, de orientação e de produção acadêmica neste campo. O balanço final sobre sua carreira revela que os temas e as vertentes de pesquisa abertas por Maria Luiza Marcílio continuam ainda hoje a estimular os pesquisadores da Demografia Histórica, da História da População e da História da Família na América Latina. Portanto, esta homenagem à Maria Luiza Marcílio não significa falar do passado da Demografia Histórica latino-americana ou brasileira. Trata-se de lançar os nossos olhares para os desafios que nos aguardam nos próximos anos.
A possibilidade democrática das políticas educacionais
Authors: Puhl Mário José , Krul Alexandre José
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho aborda a temática da instituição e da efetivação da educação compreendida como uma política pública de caráter social, através da participação dos indivíduos e da sociedade nos diferentes espaços públicos articuladores desta ação. Uma elaboração sustentada na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com um olhar direcionado à educação de caráter republicano, a qual intenta debater e afirmar a participação do conjunto das pessoas nos espaços públicos democráticos, com vistas à efetivação de um direto da cidadania. Defende-se uma educação de caráter público, universal, gratuita e laica, instituída pelos mecanismos democráticos e republicanos, pela participação direta e indireta dos cidadãos e cidadãs. A participação na formulação do currículo escolar, independentemente do nível de educação, democratiza a escola como lócus formativo e o seu currículo. Um currículo democrático contribui na formação e educação democrática e também para uma sociedade democrática.
História da escola no Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra
Authors: Dalmagro Sandra Luciana
Published: December 2017

O texto discute a experiência com educação escolar gerada no interior do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra - MST, efetuando uma análise do percurso da escola neste Movimento Social e uma divisão de sua história em períodos. Para essa periodização tomamos por base a revisão documental, a qual foi analisada em relação ao contexto mais amplo em que se movia o MST, apoiando-se ainda em dados de observações em escolas, encontros de formação e entrevistas. Para caracterizar como a questão escolar se constitui no MST o artigo propõe cinco períodos: “constituição da questão escolar”, visível entre 1979 e 1991; “consolidação da proposta de escola” entre 1992 e 1995; “da escola à educação no MST” é um movimento que ocorre entre 1996 e os anos 2000; “massificação e ‘crise’ da escola” no período 2001 - 2006 e, por fim, entre 2007 a 2016 identificamos uma “retomada das elaborações sobre escola: radicalização na concepção, recuo nas lutas”. O artigo conclui que o MST gesta, em meio a grandes limites e contradições, uma rica experiência de escola na perspectiva da classe trabalhadora, voltada à transformação social, o que inclui a transformação da própria escola. Indica ainda a existência de uma íntima articulação entre o conjunto das lutas deste Movimento e os papéis e objetivos atribuídos à escola, visíveis nos períodos assinalados.
Apontamentos sobre educação e trabalho no Brasil contemporâneo: aspectos da contrarreforma educacional
Authors: Rodrigues Fabiana de Cássia , Coutinho Luciana Cristina Salvatti
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo articula a temática da educação e trabalho com os desafios brasileiros em sua inserção na divisão internacional do trabalho, segundo as especificidades de sua formação social, marcada pelo capitalismo dependente e subdesenvolvido. Partimos da formulação das seguintes questões: De que educação necessitam os trabalhadores na realidade brasileira atual, segundo a ótica do capital? O esvaziamento de conteúdos e sentidos da educação estaria em consonância com as mudanças na estrutura ocupacional brasileira? A simplificação dos conteúdos trabalhados na escola traz quais exigências à formação docente? A fim de discuti-las a redação foi dividida em duas partes. Na primeira parte do texto, partiremos dos retrocessos atuais na estrutura produtiva, procurando evidenciar as suas determinações históricas. Coloca-se também em destaque as diretrizes educacionais formuladas pelos organismos multilaterais em consonância com as mudanças na estrutura ocupacional brasileira que contribuem para explicar as políticas que esvaziam a formação das trabalhadoras e trabalhadores. Na segunda parte, trataremos de aspectos da política educacional brasileira que materializam as perspectivas dos organismos multilaterais para a educação no contexto social brasileiro. Foram abordados três aspectos: 1) A elaboração da Base Nacional Comum Curricular; 2) As novas diretivas para formação de professores; 3) O Projeto Escola Sem Partido como mecanismo de pressão para minimizar o caráter formativo da escola. Percebemos que os três aspectos em questão articulados promovem um esvaziamento da escola e da formação de professores de conhecimentos científicos e político-culturais, contrários às reivindicações educacionais na luta pela redemocratização nos anos de 1980, conformando, desse modo, um movimento de contrarreforma.
Co-Creating Value in Urban Public Policy Context: A Different Approach
Authors: Fotino Federica
Published: December 2017

Urban areas face daunting economic challenges that have increased in scope in recent years. At the same time, cities provide for opportunities for growth and value creation. The interplay of these challenges and opportunities represents the area of intervention for policymakers and researchers. However, the traditional approach to urban policy, deriving from the managerial and economic policy theories, shows difficulties mainly related to the capacity to counterbalance the interests and expectations of a multitude of stakeholders participating to the value co-creation process and to bring all different components to synergically contribute to the sustainability of the system. The Author proposes an innovative approach to urban public policy, by adopting the theoretical corpus of the Viable Systems Approach ("VSA"). Urban planning will be particularly analysed, as systemic components of urban areas, with the aim to investigate the decision-making processes for an integrated, efficient, effective and sustainable management of the territory as a multidimensional, multisectoral and multi-stakeholder entity. By recovering different settings, the VSA intends the co-creation of value as the capacity of the viable systems to increase its surviving chances in its own context. The value derives, first of all, from the strategic decisions aimed at finding both dyadic and context consonance. Through its strategic decisions, the Governing Body of the territory develops a specific system as the overall synthesis of all possible systems organised within a specific area, identifying pattern of development agreed by the several stakeholders of the territory. In the dynamics of value co-creation in systemic multi-subjective organizations, where the level of complexity is particularly significant, the research for consonance among different stakeholders is particular important in order to achieve the most value for the territory. In this respect, the VSA may constitute a valid tool, helping to find the necessary capacities to imagine evolutionary paths towards new competencies.
Crisis Resource Management in the Delivery Room. Development of Behavioral Markers for Team Performance in Emergency Simulation
Authors: Bracco Fabrizio , De Tonetti Gabriele , Masini Michele , Geretto Francesca , Celleno Danilo
Published: December 2017

Human factors are the most relevant issues contributing to adverse events in obstetrics. Specific training of Crisis Resource Management (CRM) skills (i.e., problem solving and team management, resource allocation, awareness of environment, and dynamic decision-making) are now widespread and are often based on High Fidelity Simulation. In order to be used as a guideline in simulated scenarios, they need to be translated into specific and observable behavioral markers. To this purpose, we developed a set of observable behaviors related to the main elements of CRM in the delivery room. The observational tool was then adopted in a two-days seminar on obstetric hemorrhage where teams working in obstetric wards of six Italian hospitals took part to simulations. The tool was used as guide for the Io and as a peer-to-peer feedback. It was then rated for its usefulness in facilitating the reflection upon one’s own behavior, its ease of use, and its usefulness for the peer-to-peer feedback. The ratings were highly positive, around 4 in a 5-point scale. The CRM observational tool is therefore a useful, quick and easy solution to facilitate the debriefing, the peer-to-peer feedback and, most of all, the transfer of safe behavior from simulation to everyday practice.      
Robotics Programming Learning for Elementary and Junior High School Students
Authors: Ohnishi Yoshihiro , Honda Kimitoshi , Nishioka Rintaro , Mori Shinnosuke , Kawada Kazuo ,   Faculty of Education, Ehime University 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan,   Matsuyama-Nishi Junior High School 409 Takaoka-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 791-8036, Japan,   Hiura Elementary School 79-2 Kawanaka-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 791-0132, Japan,   Hiroshima University 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan
Published: December 2017

Japan’s national education policy puts importance on children learning to program. In fact, course guidelines published by the government in 2008 made the programming of the measurement and control compulsory in junior high schools, and learning programming will be made compulsory in elementary schools in 2020. This research studies robotics classes for elementary and junior high school students. The tasks set for the robots used in each class are familiar to children, and they were set with the aim of inspiring a proactive learning attitude in the children. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of robots in teaching programming to children.
Challenges Faced by Teachers in Carrying out Classroom Assessment in Upper Primary Social Science
Authors: Chand Ratish
Published: December 2017

The study explored teachers’ practices of classroom assessment in Social Science and their current practices. Explicitly, the study aimed at gaining an understanding as to how teachers assess in their classrooms and the challenges they face while carrying out assessment. A qualitative study was carried out using questionnaires and interviews. A total of sixty participants were selected purposefully to gain data for this study. The study revealed that that upper primary Social Science teacher faces a lot of challenges while carrying out classroom assessment.
The Politician/Celebrity and Fan(Girl) Pleasure: The Line Between Queen Hillary and Presidential Candidate Clinton
Authors: Smith Jocelyn
Published: December 2017

Whenever there is a major political event and the #TheBachelor live-tweeting continues, or popular online media outlets such as Jezebel go ahead with their pre-planned celebrity gossip coverage, there is outrage: seemingly, it is impossible to keep up with—and care about—both the Kardashians and election campaigns. During the 2016 United States’ election, however, this outrage emerged from within campaign coverage, drawing a line between “serious political supporter” (who is interested in facts and policy) and “emotional fangirl” (who is interested in memes, feelings, and “girl power” above all).
Despite Donald Trump’s history of reality TV and non-political celebrity, Hillary Clinton’s supporters were called “fangirls” and accused of celebrity-worship, of solely getting their news from “pop” media like BuzzFeed—where foreign policy coverage is found alongside discussions of how “dead” we are from a Clinton eye-roll—and of allowing fandom to cloud political judgment. This paper is not engaging in the “fake news” debate; rather, this paper explores the intersection of political celebrity and politician in a moment when governmental politics, celebrity, social media, and reality TV are overlapping in unprecedented ways, as well as the intersection of “serious” political campaigning and fannish pleasure in an historic moment for women in American politics.
Using Ferric Oxide and Silica Nanoparticles To Develop Modified Calcium Bentonite Drilling Fluids
Authors: Mahmoud Omar , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. , Vryzas Zisis , Kelessidis Vassilios C.
Published: December 2017

One of the important functions of drilling fluids is to form a filter cake, which minimizes leakoff of drilling fluids into the formation. Drilling-fluid invasion can cause formation damage, but good-quality filter cake can reduce such damage. This research focuses on the laboratory techniques and performance results of testing innovative calcium-bentonite-based drilling fluids containing nanoparticles (NPs) for minimizing formation damage during drilling in harsh environments.

A rotational viscometer was used to measure the rheological properties of the tested fluids. ζ-potential measurements were conducted at different NP concentrations to assess their stability and to investigate the role of charge potential. Indiana limestone outcrop disks were examined as the filter media for both static and dynamic filtration (up to 350°F and 500 psi) using a filter press. The filter cakes were examined using a computed-tomography (CT) scan and scanning-electron-microscopy energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Inductively coupled plasma optical-emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to measure the concentrations of key ions in the filtrate fluids.

A reduction of 43% in the filtrate-fluid volume was achieved when adding 0.5 wt% of ferric oxide NPs compared with that of the base fluid. However, using silica NPs led to an increase in the filtrate volume and filter-cake thickness. Using 0.5 wt% of ferric oxide NPs provided less agglomeration and reduced the filter-cake permeability. In addition, the SEM-EDS and ICP-OES analysis showed a replacement of the cations dissociated from the bentonite by NPs, which promoted the formation of a rigid clay-platelet structure. The produced filter cakes consisted of two layers, as indicated by the CT-scan analysis. Increasing the concentration of NPs resulted in an increase in the fluid loss and filter-cake thickness. At a higher NP concentration (2.5 wt%), a third layer of NPs was observed, which adversely affected the filter-cake characteristics, as demonstrated by CT-scan analysis and SEM-EDS elemental mapping. Furthermore, the NP-bentonite fluids had stable rheological properties at different temperatures (up to 200°F) and NP concentrations. In addition, aging these fluids at 350°F for 16 hours showed minor changes in the rheological properties.

This research work provides an experimental evaluation of improved calcium-bentonite-based fluids using NPs under downhole conditions. The ferric oxide NPs have the potential to enhance the properties of calcium bentonite, as a low-cost alternative, to perform well in an application where the higher-value sodium bentonite is commonly used, which could provide more-efficient drilling operations and less formation damage.
A Lean Sigma Approach to Well Stimulation on Barrow Island, Australia
Authors: O'Reilly D. I. , Hopcroft B. S. , Nelligan K. A. , Ng G. K. , Goff B. H. , Haghighi M..
Published: December 2017

Barrow Island (BWI), 56 km from the coast of Western Australia (WA), is home to several mature reservoirs that have produced oil since 1965. The main reservoir is the Windalia Sandstone, and it has been waterflooded since 1967, whereas all the other reservoirs are under primary depletion. Because of the maturity of the asset, it is economically critical to continue to maximize oil-production rates from the 430 online, artificially lifted wells. It is not an easy task to rank well-stimulation opportunities and streamline their execution. To this end, the BWI Subsurface Team applied the Lean Sigma processes to identify opportunities, increase efficiency, and reduce waste relating to well stimulation and well-performance improvement.

The Lean Sigma methodology is a combination of Lean Production and Six Sigma, which are methods used to minimize waste and reduce variability, respectively. The methods are used globally in many industries, especially those involved in manufacturing. In this asset, we applied the processes specifically to well-performance improvement through stimulation and other means. The team broadly focused on categorizing opportunities in both production and injection wells and ranking them—specifically, descaling wells, matrix acidizing, sucker-rod optimization, reperforating, and proactive workovers. The process for performing each type of job was mapped, and bottlenecks in each process were isolated.

Upon entering the “control” phase, several opportunities had been identified and put in place. Substantial improvements were made to the procurement, logistics, and storage of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and associated additives, enabling quicker execution of stimulation work. A new program was also developed to stimulate wells that had recently failed and were already awaiting workover (AWO), which reduced costs. A database containing the stimulation opportunities available at each individual well assisted with this process. The project resulted in the stimulation of several wells in the asset, with sizable oil-rate increases in each.

This case study will extend the information available within the oil-industry literature regarding the application of Lean Sigma to producing assets. It will assist other operators when evaluating well-stimulation opportunities in their fields. Technical information will be shared regarding feasibility studies (laboratory-compatibility work and well-transient-testing results) for acid stimulation and steps that can be taken to streamline the execution of such work. Some insights will also be shared regarding the most-efficient manner to plan rig work regarding stimulation workovers.
Animals in Ancient Near East countries law codes- Sumer and Babylonia
Authors: JANECZEK MACIEJ , BILEWICZ EWA , CHRÓSZCZ ALEKSANDER
Published: December 2017

The roots of modern law and legislation, including the animal healing and care, should had been found in Su-mer. The authors were comparing the content of ancient Sumerian and Babylonian codes of law with each other, beginning from Ur-Nammu Code of Law, Lipit-Ishtar and subsequent texts, to Code of Hammurabi, which had codified the veterinarian activities. The work describes the multidimensional analysis of law codes aiming on the animals’ references, form the punishments sentenced for offences involving animals to tools used in sentence execution. .
Effectiveness of oral immunization of free-living foxes in the reduction of rabies in Poland in 2011-2015
Authors: FLIS MARIAN , GRELA EUGENIUSZ R. , GUGAŁA DARIUSZ
Published: December 2017

The paper presents the epidemiological situation of rabies in Poland in the period 2011-2015 in the con-text of the ongoing since 2002, a national campaign of oral immunization of free-living foxes and its efficiency and costs. Additionally, the impact of preventive measures on the dynamics of the number of foxes, was evalu-ated. During the study period, a decrease in the amount of ascertained rabies cases in wild and domestic animals was recorded, but still the primary reservoir of the virus were free-living foxes. The high effectiveness of vaccina-tion, evaluated applying detailed laboratory tests, contributed significantly to the level of foxes immunization, which was also confirmed by the ecological assessment. However, in some provinces and years of the research, the level of immunization should be considered as average, which was confirmed by the results of 2015, when only every second fox examined in the framework of monitoring acquired the resistance as a result of preven-tive vaccination. Despite the relatively high cost of the described preventive measures, which include the costs of purchasing the vaccine and its distribution in the field, it seems necessary to continue the oral immunization of foxes initiated in 1993 and expanded in 2002 throughout the country. The dramatic drop in the incidence of rabies in animals affects directly the reduction in the epidemiological risks. Undoubtedly, the negative aspect of the aforementioned actions is growth and persistent large population of foxes and their adverse impact on the functioning of the main small animals species, as well as the possibility of increased epizootic risk in respect of other diseases affecting the species. In this situation, it seems necessary, already begun intensifying acquisition of foxes by culling..
Integrated Approach Across Prerequisite Programmes and Actions Based on the HACCP Principles A
Authors: JACKOWSKA-TRACZ AGNIESZKA , TRACZ MICHAŁ , ANUSZ KRZYSZTOF
Published: December 2017

Food business operators are required to implement and maintain a system based on the HACCP principles. The HACCP is the only food safety management system, the implementation of which is obligatory. The standards laid down by the Codex Alimentarius Commission serve as benchmarks not only for the obligatory implementation of the HACCP system principles, but also for private standards such as ISO, IFS or BRC. A voluntary implementation of private standards may lead to a wrong assumption that food companies do not necessarily have to, but only may comply with the guidelines laid down by the implemented standard. The HACCP system guarantees no absolute food safety in and of itself. The underlying assumption of the HACCP system is that high-risk hazards should be controlled with the use of CCPs. It is impossible to identify critical control points in all enterprises. In certain food businesses, there are exclusively medium-risk or low-risk hazards that may be controlled with OPRPs or PRPs, respectively. The awareness on the role of critical control points and prerequisite programmes in the producer's efforts to prevent or eliminate hazards, or to reduce them to acceptable levels is a key for performing a comprehensive supervision. During the performance of an official control, instead of focusing exclusively on the HACCP procedures, it is reasonable to apply an integrated approach comprising both prerequisite programmes and the HACCP principles..
Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains isolated from cattle in Masovian Voivodeship in 2008-2012
Authors: KRAJEWSKA-WĘDZINA MONIKA , KOZIŃSKA MONIKA , AUGUSTYNOWICZ-KOPEĆ EWA , WEINER MARCIN , SZULOWSKI KRZYSZTOF
Published: December 2017

Since 2009, Poland has had a TB-free status, although over the last seven years 12-34 cases of bovine TB have been recorded annually. In 2009-2012 the largest number of cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae were culled in Masovian Voivodeship. Likewise, the largest number of sources of this zoonosis were recorded in that voivodeship. The vicinity of farms where bTB was found indicated that it could have been transmitted between their herds. The aim of this study was to characterise the molecular patterns of bovine bacillus strains isolated from cattle in Masovian Voivodeship and the molecular relationships between them. The material for microbiological examination came from 38 cattle (Bos taurus) located in 7 counties of Masovian Voivodeship. These 38 strains of MTBC were further identified as M. bovis (24 isolates; 63%) and M. caprae (14 isolates; 37%). A two-step genotyping analysis of the 38 MTBC strains identified 24 molecular patterns, closely related phylogenetically, which were assigned to 8 clusters of 2-6 strains. Sources of transmission were identified in 8 out of 13 herds examined in the 7 counties of Masovian Voivodeship. The results of the genotyping analysis excluded the possibility of TB transmission between different herds in Masovian Voivodeship. It was proved, however, that TB had been transmitted between animals bred on one of the farms..
Application of real-time PCR for DNA identification of ruminants in raw animal products
Authors: WEINER ANNA , PAPROCKA ILONA , GOŁĘBIOWSKA AGATA , KWIATEK KRZYSZTOF
Published: December 2017

According with current regulations it is possible export of processed animal proteins produced from tissues other animals than ruminants. In order to ensure appropriate control studies were undertaken to adopt of method real-time PCR used for analysis of processed products of animal origin. The material consisted of raw animal by-products of beef, pork and poultry. In the assays mitochondrial DNA was used. Modified method allows to detect the DNA of ruminants at the level of 0.025%. Based on obtained results of the validation studies were found that the real-time PCR method can be used in routine tests for identification of ruminant DNA in raw animal by-products..
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONALISM OF TEACHERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF REALIZATION OF THE FEDERAL TARGET PROGRAM OF EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT FOR 2016-2020
Authors: Красношлыкова Ольга , Krasnoshlykova Ol'ga , Игонина Татьяна , Igonina Tat'iana , Васильева Татьяна , Vasil'eva Tat'iana , Оксем Мария , Oksem Mariia
Published: December 2017

The article presents the experience of implementation of modern methods of professional development of teachers in the framework of the activities of Federal experimental platform for the implementation of the Federal target program of education development aimed at the modernization of the technologies and content of education in accordance with Federal state educational standard of basic General education. In modern conditions changes the requirements for teaching staff and, accordingly, approaches to the development of teachers ' professionalism. In conditions of Federal state educational standards of basic General education teacher and professional as a subject of teaching activities, should be focused not only on transferring the knowledge, abilities and skills, but also on the development of abilities, formation of universal educational actions of students. In this regard, very relevant are such forms of development of professionalism of the teacher which enable him to take the initiative to participate in designing the process of professional development. One of these forms of professional development is based on the modular representation of educational information. Of great importance is also the organization of activities of online communities by subject area aimed at enhancing professional and personal development of teachers, exchange of experience on improving the quality of modern education.
CONTINUITY AS A BASIS FOR THE QUALITY OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: Невзоров Борис , Nevzorov Boris , Загузина Нина , Zaguzina Nina , Боков Алексей , Bokov Aleksey
Published: December 2017

The article presents the graded model of continuous inclusive education for individuals with disabilities. It describes in brief the content of work within each grade. The importance of psycho-pedagogical support for students with disabilities over a period of training is pointed out. Besides, data are given about the special conditions for inclusive education and their impact on the quality of education. It contributes the idea to establish the Regional Resource Center of continuous inclusive education for liaising with the participants of the process in all grades. Professional self-determination among secondary school students with disabilities is a topical issue in social pedagogy. To arrange the supplementary education for children with disabilities it is necessary to provide facilities which include special software, methodological and didactic materials, special technical equipment for teaching in groups and for individuals. Moreover, there should be a guarantee of unassisted access to the building, education aid, and the assistant to provide an adequate technical aid for this category of children - in conducting classes for groups as well as individuals with special needs. As a whole these make up an environment inducing to master education programs by students with disabilities. Attempts are made to develop a mechanism of an easy pass from one level (grade) of education to another - to make the process of education consistent. So, there should be qualified career guidance at elementary schools with due regard for ICD code - to help the disabled students to choose the direction in professional education. The right target for future profession, corresponding to health and medical advice, enables the students with disabilities to realize their potential in professional activity.
CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS AS A PHILOSOPHICAL METHOD: THEOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY ARGUMENTS
Authors: Мосиенко Михаил , Mosienko Mikhail
Published: December 2017

The author poses a question of applicability of conceptual analysis as a tool of philosophical inquiry compared to conceptual analysis as a linguistic research tool. The article contains a critical analysis of the previous solution of this problem. This solution was to prove that the world of physical systems and the world of mental states are isomorphic. This was a solution used by Descartes and by a significant number of post-Cartesian philosophers who borrowed it from scholastic philosophy. The author analyses a strong and a weak version of the theological argument to show that both of these versions are inapplicable for proving the value of conceptual analysis as a philosophical method. The article focuses on an alternative way to prove that philosophers can safely use conceptual analysis to benefit their studies. The alternative argument is the following: human language is an evolutionary adaptation, it implicitly contains ideas that adequately reflect non-verbal reality. Conceptual analysis allows one to explicate and structure these initially implicit ideas, which makes conceptual analysis a potent tool of philosophical studies.
COMPLETED CRIME
Authors: Хорошилова Ольга , Khoroshilova Ol'ga
Published: December 2017

The aim of the current research is to analyze the legislative definition of completed crime, to consider the theoretical issues of the comprehension of completed crimes, to define related problems and offer solutions. The methods applied in the research included: analysis, synthesis, comparison, system method. The result achieved can be summed as follows. The paper considers the legislative definition of completed crime and includes different interpretations of this phenomenon. It identifies the disadvantages of existing interpretations and shows possible solutions. The author mentions three main disadvantages of the legislative definition of a completed crime. First, it is the imperfection of the legislative technique and the location of the norm in the chapter which is dedicated to an uncompleted crime. Second, the legislative definition doesn’t allow one to distinguish between completed and uncompleted crimes. Third, there is no indication of the legal nature of a completed crime. The author criticizes the fact that the term “completed crime” is applied only to crimes which are completed with the direct intention. The paper features the author's own definition of a completed crime, which is based on the achievement of the statutory moment of crime completion.
POLITICS, ECONOMICS, USE OF THE ENVIRONMENT: WHERE DO THE THEORIES LEAD AND WHAT DO THEY HAVE TO OFFER?
Authors: Бутвиловский Владимир , Butvilovsky Vladimir
Published: December 2017

The article describes «theories» of social development in the aspect of politics, economics and nature management. The social and futuristic theories of Thomas Malthus, Heinz von Förster, Francis Fukuyama, Sergei Kapitza, Andrei Parshev, Vitaly Bushuev, Yuri Mukhin, Mikhail Veller, Pierre Trier de Chardin, Nikita Moiseev, Yury Kosygin, Yuri Salin and other researchers are relevant. So far, there are no theories that correctly assess all the important aspects of human life and lead humanity quite safe roads, albeit different. In the opinion of the author, this «roads» have to begin with the «indexes» of Carl Schmitt, who argued that humane social aspirations of mankind should be provided with regular legal protection in case of hostile confrontations between peoples and countries inevitable in the course of human development. It is necessary to return to the legal foundations of the old Euro-centrist world, which the Vienna Congress attempted to restore in 1815.
Effects of phenol on sulfate reduction by mixed microbial culture: kinetics and bio-kinetics analysis
Authors: Mohanty Mohit Prakash , Brahmacharimayum Bharati , Ghosh Pranab Kumar
Published: December 2017

Mixed microbial culture collected from the wastewater treatment plant of Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG) was further grown in anaerobic condition in presence of sulfate where lactate was added as a carbon source. Sulfate addition was increased stepwise up to 1,000 mg l−1 before phenol was added at increasing concentrations from 10 mg l−1 to 300 mg l−1. Kinetics of sulfate, phenol and chemical oxygen demand reduction were studied and experimental findings were analyzed using various bio-models to estimate the bio-kinetic coefficients. This is the first detailed report on kinetics and bio-kinetic studies of sulfate reduction in presence of phenol. Experimental results showed that there was no inhibition of sulfate reduction and microbial growth up to 100 mg l−1 phenol addition. However, inhibition to different degrees was observed at higher phenol addition. The experimental data of microbial growth and substrate consumption in presence of phenol fitted well to the Edward model (R2 = 0.85, root mean square error = 0.001011) with maximum specific growth rate = 0.052 h−1, substrate inhibition constant = 88.05 mg l−1 and half saturation constant = 58.22 mg l−1. The characteristics of the cultured microbes were determined through a series of analysis and microbial tests.
Khat (Catha Edulis) as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mega Teshale Ayele , Dabe Nikodimos Eshetu
Published: December 2017

Background:

About 20 million people worldwide are believed to be using khat. Although some studies reported that khat chewing might result in cardiovascular disorders, conclusive evidence is limited.

Method:

The objective of this review was to synthesize the best available evidence for the effect of khat on the cardiovascular system. Databases searched were PubMed, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, CINAHL, poplin, LILACS, MedNar and Scopus. All papers included in the review were subjected to rigorous appraisal using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) standardized critical appraisal tool. Review Manager Software (Revman 5.3) was used for meta-analysis and effect size and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated.

Result:

Data was extracted from 10 articles. Our meta-analysis included 9,207 subjects, (2123 chewers and 7084 non-chewers, respectively) to elucidate the effect of khat on heart rate, diastolic and systolic blood pressure. The mean diastolic and systolic blood pressure of khat chewers was higher than the non-chewers with a mean difference of 5.1 mmHg, 95%CI [2.7,7.5] and 7.9 mmHg, 95%CI [2.65, 13.18], respectively. Similarly, the heart rate of the chewers remained consistently higher, making the mean difference of 6.9 beats/min, 95%CI [0.5, 13.3]. In addition, khat was found to have either a causative or worsening effect on stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure.

Conclusion:

We showed that khat chewing could significantly affect the cardiovascular system through its effect on heart rate and blood pressure. Therefore, health promotion should be aimed to encourage quitting khat chewing.
Multi-Centre Clinical Evaluation of Photothermal Radiometry and Luminescence Correlated with International Benchmarks for Caries Detection
Authors: Silvertown Josh D. , Abrams Stephen H. , Sivagurunathan Koneswaran S. , Kennedy Julia , Jeon Jinseok , Mandelis Andreas , Hellen Adam , Hellen Warren , Elman Gary , Ehrlich Richard , Chouljian Raffy , Finer Yoav , Amaechi Bennett T.
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

A clinical study was initiated to investigate a caries detection device (The Canary System (CS)), based on photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence (PTR-LUM). The primary objective of this study was to determine if PTR-LUM values (in the form of Canary Numbers; CN) correlate with International Caries Diagnostic and Assessment System (ICDAS II) scores and clinical situations. The secondary objectives of this study were to monitor the safety of PTR-LUM, and collect data to determine how CN values could be used to differentiate healthy from decayed tooth surfaces on a normalized scale.

Methods:

The trial was a four site, non-blinded study. Data was collected from 92 patients, resulting in 842 scanned tooth surfaces over multiple appointments. Surfaces were assessed according to ICDAS II, and further stratified into five clinical situation categories: 1) healthy surface, 2) non-cavitated white and/or brown spots; 3) caries lesions; 4) cavitation and 5) teeth undergoing remineralization therapy.

CN data was analyzed separately for smooth and occlusal surfaces. Using a semi-logarithmic graph to plot raw CN (rCN) and normalized (CN) values, rCN data was normalized into a scale of 0-100.

Results:

Linear correlations (R2) between CN and ICDAS II groupings for smooth and occlusal surfaces were calculated as 0.9759 and 0.9267, respectively. The mean CN values derived from smooth (20.2±0.6) and occlusal (19±1.0) surfaces identified as healthy had significantly lower CN values (P<0.05) compared with the values from the other clinical situation categories. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrated the safety of PTR-LUM for clinical application and its ability to distinguish sound from carious tooth surfaces. A clear shift from the baseline in both PTR and LUM in carious enamel was observed depending on the type and nature of the lesion, and correlated to ICDAS II classification codes, which enabled the preliminary development of a Canary Scale.
ANALISIS KUALITAS SISTEM INFORMASI PANTAUAN PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SISWA DI SMK N 2 DEPOK SLEMAN
Authors: Setiawan Heru
Published: December 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjamin tingkat kualitas sistem informasi pantauan pembentukan karakter siswa agar tidak terjadi error serta menjamin fitur dan fugsionalitasnya dengan melakukan pengujian menggunakan standar ISO 25010. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan 5 karakteristik pada standar ISO 25010 yaitu functional suitability, usability, reliability, performance efficiency, dan maintainability. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner fungsionalitas, USE Questionnaire, stress testing, load testing, dan maintainability index. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sistem informasi telah memenuhi standar ISO 25010 pada karakteristik functional suitability dengan nilai 1 (baik), karakteristik usability sebesar 85,3% (sangat layak) dan nilai alpha cronbach sebesar 0,944 (excellent), karakteristik reliability sebesar 100% (lolos), karakteristik performance efficiency sebesar 2,5 detik (diterima), dan karakteristik maintainability sebesar 100 (sangat mudah dirawat).
PENGUJIAN KUALITAS KELAYAKAN PERANGKAT LUNAK DENGAN PENERAPANPERANCANGAN MODEL RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Hidayat Hari Toha
Published: December 2017

Membangun suatu perangkat lunak yang berkualitas tidaklah mudah. Banyak hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam membuat suatu perangkat lunak yang berkualitas. Semakin berkualitas suatu perangkat lunak atau aplikasi maka akan semakin mahal harga yang dijual. Perangkat lunak yang berkualitas tidak hanya sekedar mencari keuntungan belaka akan tetapi mutu dari kualitas dan kuantitasnya yang sudah menjadi jaminan dari aplikasi yang ditawarkan.   Pembuatan suatu perangkat lunak yang berkualitas selalu memperhatikan kebutuhan akan penggunanya, sehingga mampu memberikan solusi dari permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh para penggunanya. Selain itu, suatu aplikasi yang berkualitas selalu melalui tahapan – tahapan pengujian yang tidak singkat sehingga benar – benar menjamin akan kualitas produknya.  Nilai yang diperoleh dari pengujian untuk kelengkapan fitur diperoleh nilai standard error terkecil yakni 0,008 dan error tertinggi yakni 0,058. Untuk variabel kemudahan penggunaan dengan standar error terkecil 0,013 dan tertinggi 0,063. Variabel yang terakhir diuji yakni fleksibilitas dengan nilai error terkecil 0,015 dan tertinggi 0,035. Berdasarkan penelitian yang sudah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada pembuatan sistem informasi akuntansi biaya operasional Sekolah (SIA BOS) dinyatakan layak digunakan oleh pengguna.