bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and Environmental Performance of Asphalt Concrete with High Amounts of Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) for Use in Surface Courses of Pavements
Authors: Martinho Fernando C. G. , Silva Hugo M. R. D. , Oliveira Joel R. M. , Moura Caroline F. N. , Loureiro Carlos D. A. , Silvestre José D. , Rodrigues Mafalda M. M.
Published: December 2023

Using aggregates from alternative sources has been considerably encouraged in recent decades. Reducing the consumption of natural aggregates from quarries (which have a substantial economic, visual, and environmental impact) is increasingly a concern. These needs have led to the broader use of more sustainable aggregates, increasing the incorporation percentages and extending their use to more demanding pavement layers (e.g., surface). In order to prove the efficiency of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) under such conditions, the “CirMat” project was developed. Among other works and tests, an asphalt concrete (AC) incorporating 52.3% RCA was characterized mechanically and environmentally. Empirical properties were evaluated, including the Marshall test (S = 20.2 kN; F = 2.9 mm) and resistance to permanent deformation (WTS = 0.10 mm/103 cycles), as well as a life cycle assessment (LCA), which confirmed that nine indicators were improved (from 1% to 93%). The test samples were taken from mixtures produced in the laboratory and at a plant (after which they were applied on a construction site). Comparing the results with those obtained in a reference AC (with natural aggregates), it was possible to conclude that the performance of the AC with RCAs was very similar. Therefore, the use of these aggregates, at high rates, does not represent additional risks for asphalt mixtures and has lower environmental impacts in most categories.
Impacts of Environmental Factors on Over-Wintering Aquatic Bird Communities in Yamzho Yumco Lake, China
Authors: Xu Lei , Yang Le , Lu Cai , Zeng Qing , Zhou Shengling , Yang Yongbing , Liu Shansi , Li Zhaxijie , Jia Yifei , Lei Guangchun
Published: December 2023

Global climate change has significantly impacted waterbird communities in the warming and humidifying wetlands of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. However, further research is needed as these wetlands transition to warmer and drier states. This study focused on the diversity and richness of wintering birds in the alpine wetlands of the Yamzho Yumco Lake. By analyzing data collected from 17 sampling sites over seven years, we examined the abundance changes of waterbirds in the lake and surrounding land and determined the relationship between the structure of waterbird communities and climate data. The results have shown that the abundance, richness, and α-diversity index of wintering waterbirds fluctuated. Wintering waterbirds were positively correlated with monthly mean temperature and monthly mean higher temperature and negatively correlated with monthly total precipitation and water level. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that temperature contributed the most to the wintering waterbirds. Bird abundance and diversity in the drying wetlands of Yamzho Yumco Lake showed the same results. As temperatures continue to increase and precipitation decreases, the number of wintering waterbirds may also increase. We have highlighted the indicative role of Yamzho Yumco Lake in climate change responses from warming and humidification to warming and aridification and suggest that decision makers strengthen monitoring of the Yamzho Yumco Lake Reserve, restrict human activities, improve water resource management, and actively respond to the challenges brought about by climate change.
Total Cost of Ownership Analysis of Fuel Cell Electric Bus with Different Hydrogen Supply Alternatives
Authors: Chen Zhetao , Wang Hao
Published: December 2023

In the transition to sustainable public transportation with zero-emission buses, hydrogen fuel cell electric buses have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional diesel buses. However, assessing their economic viability is crucial for widespread adoption. This study carries out a comprehensive examination, encompassing both sensitivity and probabilistic analyses, to assess the total cost of ownership (TCO) for the bus fleet and its corresponding infrastructure. It considers various hydrogen supply options, encompassing on-site electrolysis, on-site steam methane reforming, and off-site hydrogen procurement with both gaseous and liquid delivery methods. The analysis covers critical cost elements, encompassing bus acquisition costs, infrastructure capital expenses, and operational and maintenance costs for both buses and infrastructure. This paper conducted two distinct case studies: one involving a current small bus fleet of five buses and another focusing on a larger fleet set to launch in 2028. For the current small fleet, the off-site gray hydrogen purchase with a gaseous delivery option is the most cost-effective among hydrogen alternatives, but it still incurs a 26.97% higher TCO compared to diesel buses. However, in the case of the expanded 2028 fleet, the steam methane-reforming method without carbon capture emerges as the most likely option to attain the lowest TCO, with a high probability of 99.5%. Additionally, carbon emission costs were incorporated in response to the growing emphasis on environmental sustainability. The findings indicate that although diesel buses currently represent the most economical option in terms of TCO for the existing small fleet, steam methane reforming with carbon capture presents a 69.2% likelihood of being the most cost-effective solution, suggesting it is a strong candidate for cost efficiency for the expanded 2028 fleet. Notably, substantial investments are required to increase renewable energy integration in the power grid and to enhance electrolyzer efficiency. These improvements are essential to make the electrolyzer a more competitive alternative to steam methane reforming. Overall, the findings in this paper underscore the substantial impact of the hydrogen supply chain and carbon emission costs on the TCO of zero-emission buses.
Readability of Sustainability Reports: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Pombinho Miguel , Fialho Ana , Novas Jorge
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to investigate the latest scientific developments, map research networks and topics, and present a critical analysis of the gaps and future opportunities in the literature on the readability of sustainability reports. Through data collection and filtering processes, the final sample included 10 articles. Then, a bibliometric analysis was developed using Scopus metrics and AJG classification. VOSviewer software (Version 1.6.18) was used to develop bibliometric networks. Finally, we developed a systematic review analysis to answer our third objective. The results show that most studies on the readability of non-financial reports come from Europe and Oceania; the sample’s co-citations per author were classified into three clusters; most of the sample was linked to analyzing the quality and effectiveness of sustainability reports; and organizations tend to use low readability in sustainability reports. This study contributes to further scientific knowledge about the readability of sustainability reports and impression management techniques and to the research into the importance of sustainability reporting for managing stakeholder impressions. A wide range of implications for the academic community, regulatory bodies, organizations, and all users of the information disclosed through sustainability reports were identified. The main limitations may have been created by the sample’s size, exclusion criteria, and keywords selected.
Characterization and Application of Rice Straw-Based Polyurethane Foam Blocks for Soil Erosion Control
Authors: Maravillas Felrose P. , Omisol Christine Joy M. , Abilay Gerson Y. , Lasquite Nicholas L. , Aguinid Blessy Joy M. , Estrada Dave Joseph E. , Ruda-Bayor Rosal Jane , Cea Evalyn Joy C. , Cavero Applegen I. , Ahalajal Mary Ann N. , Lorenzo Glen A. , Malaluan Roberto M. , Dumancas Gerard G. , Lubguban Arnold A.
Published: December 2023

Soil erosion, a global problem, degrades land quality and increases pollution and sedimentation in bodies of water. This study propounds a new material to mitigate soil erosion using rice straw-based polyurethane foam (RSPF) blocks as a potential replacement for commercially available expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam in slope stabilization. RSPF was synthesized via a conventional one-shot foaming method with 15% rice straw-based polyol content. The RSPF blocks have an average density of 43.29 kg/m3, average compressive strength of 184.55 kPa, closed cell content of 88.4%, and water absorption capacity of 262% that can effectively reduce water runoff. These properties are comparable to EPS foams according to ASTM D6817, except for the high absorption capacity of RSPF. This added feature allows the foam to act as topsoil protection by reducing runoff. In slope stabilization and topsoil protection applications, the effectiveness of the RSPF blocks in reducing soil loss was tested in both simulated and natural rainfall events with different land slope degrees, rain intensities, and soil covers. Results show that the use of RSPF in the simulated setup with a heavy rain intensity of 80 mm/h reduced the soil loss by 61.5%, 22.7%, and 4.3% in 5°, 10°, and 20° of land slope, respectively. There was also a higher degree of soil loss reduction when the RSPF block was coupled with a natural vegetation soil cover by 79.6%, 70%, and 19.3% in 5°, 10°, and 20° land slopes, respectively. Moreover, in the natural rainfall events in an open field with a land slope of 20°, the recorded soil loss reduction reached 93.6–98.8% at an average rainfall intensity of 16.26 mm/h. Additionally, the relationship between soil loss and land slope was investigated to produce a best fit model that predicts the soil loss up to a 20° land slope. An interesting observation was made wherein the erosion rate increased using linear regression modeling in the simulated setup for bare soil (BS), soil with vegetation (SV), soil with RSPF (SF), and soil with RSPF and vegetation (FV), with high coefficient of determination (R2) values between 0.92 and 0.99. These findings suggest that the RSPF block is a promising alternative and sustainable material for EPS foams in mitigating soil erosion, especially under heavy rainfall conditions.
Sustainable Development of Intermodal Freight Transportation—Through the Integration of Logistics Flows in Ukraine and Poland
Authors: Jacyna-Gołda Ilona , Shmygol Nadiia , Gavkalova Nataliia , Salwin Mariusz
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, sustainable development is becoming a model for significant improvements in the modern world. Taking into consideration possible future challenges, transport must have sustainable features. Today, such a type of transportation as intermodal transport (transport that uses more than one mode of transportation) is gaining relevance. It is one of the most promising types of transport from an economic and environmental point of view. In this paper, the importance of sustainable development of intermodal freight transport is analyzed; the state of foreign trade and the trade balance in Ukraine and Poland are examined; and the sustainable development trends and prospects of trade relations between two countries are determined, taking into account the existing product structure. It is noted that the post-war recovery of Ukraine will require the activation of logistical flows with EU countries. The analysis of the state of freight transport by various modes of transport allowed for theoretically justifying the insufficient attention given to the development of intermodal freight transport between Ukraine and Poland for logistics optimization in international trade. From a methodological perspective, it is proposed to describe the subject area in terms of graph theory. The practical contribution involved the testing of the proposed model of intermodal freight transport to optimize logistics flows in international trade between Ukraine and Poland, considering the minimization of transport service costs and time. This required refining the mathematical apparatus based on the method of successive moves and linking their development to specific supply chains.
Diagnosing Complex Organisations with Diverse Cultures—Part 1: Agency Theory
Authors: Yolles Maurice , Rautakivi Tuomo
Published: December 2023

Complex organisations require coherence to achieve adaptive goals through agency. This paper introduces Mindset Agency Theory (MAT), a metatheoretical framework designed for modelling and diagnosing agency within culturally diverse populations. MAT, a cybernetic multi-ontology framework, delineates five formative traits defining agency character. Its cognitive style trait (with bipolar values of Patterning–Dramatising) elucidates how agencies acquire information. Examining diverse agencies requires an appreciation of the social relationships that exist there, but MAT is currently devoid of this capability. Using the configuration approach to enable the integration of Tönnies’ social organisation theory into MAT, social relationships can be suitably explored, thus enhancing its capacity to investigate agency coherence. Tönnies’ theory of social organisation (with bipolar values of Gemeinschaft-Gesellschaft) that frames inter-agent interactions is configured within MAT. This integration births a new formative trait, pairing cognitive style with social organisation, and is thus capable of indicating the likelihood of operative coherence. Configuration is applied by relating propositional attributes of a holding metatheory framework such as MAT, with an entry theory such as Tönnies’ social organisation theory as determined from the literature. The elaborated MAT serves as a diagnostic tool, linking trait instabilities with agency pathologies that deliver dysfunction. A subsequent paper will apply this framework to ASEAN, a regional intergovernmental organisation addressing cultural diversity issues. The study aims to evaluate ASEAN’s mindset and diagnose its pathologies, such as narcissism and paradoxical behaviour.
A Variational Approach to Excited Fermions on Kinks
Authors: Weigel Herbert , Saadatmand Danial
Published: December 2023

We study the back-reaction of fermion fields on the kink solution in one space and one time dimension. We employ a variational procedure to determine an upper limit for the minimum of the total energy. This energy has three contributions: the classical kink energy, the energy of valence fermions and the fermion vacuum polarization energy. The latter arises from the interaction of the kink with the Dirac sea and is required for consistency of the semi-classical expansion for the fermions. Earlier studies only considered the valence part and observed a substantial back-reaction. This was reflected by a sizable distortion of the kink profile. We find that this distortion is strongly mitigated when the Dirac sea is properly accounted for. As a result, the back-reaction merely produces a slight squeeze or stretch of the kink profile.
Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Virus A in Three Australian Vineyards Using Amplicon High Throughput Sequencing (Amplicon-HTS)
Authors: Wu Qi , Kinoti Wycliff M. , Habili Nuredin , Tyerman Stephen D. , Rinaldo Amy , Constable Fiona E.
Published: December 2023

Shiraz disease (SD) is one of the most destructive viral diseases of grapevines in Australia and is known to cause significant economic loss to local growers. Grapevine virus A (GVA) was reported to be the key pathogen associated with this disease. This study aimed to better understand the diversity of GVA variants both within and between individual SD and grapevine leafroll disease (LRD) affected grapevines located at vineyards in South Australia. Amplicon high throughput sequencing (Amplicon-HTS) combined with median-joining networks (MJNs) was used to analyze the variability in specific gene regions of GVA variants. Several GVAII variant groups contain samples from both vineyards studied, suggesting that these GVAII variants were from a common origin. Variant groups analyzed by MJNs using the overall data set denote that there may be a possible relationship between variant groups of GVA and the geographical location of the grapevines.
Latent Class Analysis Identifies Distinct Phenotypes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Predictive of Flares after mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: Results from the Coronavirus National Vaccine Registry for ImmuNe Diseases SINGapore (CONVIN-SING)
Authors: Sim Tao Ming , Lahiri Manjari , Ma Margaret , Cheung Peter Pak-Moon , Mak Anselm , Fong Warren , Angkodjojo Stanley , Xu Chuanhui , Kong Kok Ooi , Arkachaisri Thaschawee , Phang Kee Fong , Tan Teck Choon , Yap Qai Ven , Chan Yiong Huak , Sriranganathan Melonie , Chuah Tyng Yu , Roslan Nur Emillia , Poh Yih Jia , Law Annie , Santosa Amelia , Tay Sen Hee
Published: December 2023

We recently reported that messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination was associated with flares in 9% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, we focused our analysis on patients from a multi-ethnic Southeast Asian lupus cohort with the intention of identifying distinct phenotypes associated with increased flares after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: Six hundred and thirty-three SLE patients from eight public healthcare institutions were divided into test and validation cohorts based on healthcare clusters. Latent class analysis was performed based on age, ethnicity, gender, vaccine type, past COVID-19 infection, interruption of immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive treatment for vaccination, disease activity and background immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive treatment as input variables. Data from both cohorts were then combined for mixed effect Cox regression to determine which phenotypic cluster had a higher risk for time to first SLE flare, adjusted for the number of vaccine doses. Results: Two clusters were identified in the test (C1 vs. C2), validation (C1′ vs. C2′) and combined (C1″ vs. C2″) cohorts, with corresponding clusters sharing similar characteristics. Of 633 SLE patients, 88.6% were female and there was multi-ethnic representation with 74.9% Chinese, 14.2% Malay and 4.6% Indian. The second cluster (C2, C2′ and C2″) was smaller compared to the first. SLE patients in the second cluster (C2 and C2′) were more likely to be male, non-Chinese and younger, with higher baseline disease activity. The second cluster (C2″) had more incident flares (hazard ratio = 1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1–1.9, p = 0.014) after vaccination. A higher proportion of patients in C2″ had immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive treatment interruption for vaccination as compared to patients in C1″ (6.6% vs. 0.2%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We identified two distinct phenotypic clusters of SLE with different patterns of flares following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Caution has to be exercised in monitoring for post-vaccination flares in patients with risk factors for flares such as non-Chinese ethnicity, young age, male gender and suboptimal disease control at the time of vaccination.
Nanoparticles and Antiviral Vaccines
Authors: Liu Sen , Hu Meilin , Liu Xiaoqing , Liu Xingyu , Chen Tao , Zhu Yiqiang , Liang Taizhen , Xiao Shiqi , Li Peiwen , Ma Xiancai
Published: December 2023

Viruses have threatened human lives for decades, causing both chronic and acute infections accompanied by mild to severe symptoms. During the long journey of confrontation, humans have developed intricate immune systems to combat viral infections. In parallel, vaccines are invented and administrated to induce strong protective immunity while generating few adverse effects. With advancements in biochemistry and biophysics, different kinds of vaccines in versatile forms have been utilized to prevent virus infections, although the safety and effectiveness of these vaccines are diverse from each other. In this review, we first listed and described major pathogenic viruses and their pandemics that emerged in the past two centuries. Furthermore, we summarized the distinctive characteristics of different antiviral vaccines and adjuvants. Subsequently, in the main body, we reviewed recent advances of nanoparticles in the development of next-generation vaccines against influenza viruses, coronaviruses, HIV, hepatitis viruses, and many others. Specifically, we described applications of self-assembling protein polymers, virus-like particles, nano-carriers, and nano-adjuvants in antiviral vaccines. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of nanoparticles in developing safe and effective mucosal vaccines. Nanoparticle techniques could be promising platforms for developing broad-spectrum, preventive, or therapeutic antiviral vaccines.
Worldwide Child Routine Vaccination Hesitancy Rate among Parents of Children Aged 0–6 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies
Authors: Abenova Madina , Shaltynov Askhat , Jamedinova Ulzhan , Semenova Yuliya
Published: December 2023

Routine vaccine hesitancy is a major global health challenge observed in over 190 countries worldwide. This meta-analysis aims to determine the worldwide prevalence of routine vaccination hesitancy among parents of children aged 0–6. An extensive search was conducted in four scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Studies were included if they reported hesitancy related to WHO-recommended routine immunizations for children under 7 years of age. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed using the OpenMeta[Analyst] software. An initial search retrieved 5121 articles, of which only 23 publications, involving 29,131 parents, guardians, and caregivers from over 30 countries met the inclusion criteria and quality assessment. The cumulative prevalence of parental vaccine hesitancy was found to be 21.1% (95% CI = 17.5–24.7%, I2 = 98.86%, p < 0.001). When stratifying the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy per WHO region, significant variations were observed, ranging from 13.3% (95% CI = 6.7–19.9%, I2 = 97.72%, p < 0.001) in the Region of the Americas to 27.9% (95% CI = 24.3–31.4%) in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The study findings highlight the need for healthcare providers and governments to develop and improve comprehensive programs with communication strategies to reduce parental vaccine hesitancy.
National Prevalence of Caprine Prion Protein Genetic Variability at Codons 146, 211, and 222 in Goat Herds in the United States
Authors: Zeineldin Mohamed , Cox-Struble Heather , Camp Patrick , Farrell David , Pritchard Randy , Thacker Tyler C. , Lehman Kimberly
Published: December 2023

Scrapie is a neurodegenerative disease that impacts sheep and goats, characterized by gradual and progressive changes in neurological function. Recent research shows that the scrapie incubation period is significantly influenced by specific variations in amino acids within the prion protein gene (PRNP). The objective of this study was to estimate the national prevalence of caprine PRNP genetic variability at codons 146, 211, and 222 in goat populations across the United States. A total of 3052 blood, ear tissue, and brain tissue samples were collected from goats from 50 states. The participating states were categorized into four Veterinary Service (VS) district regions. The samples underwent DNA extraction, and the PRNP variants corresponding to codons 146, 211, and 222 were amplified and sequenced. The analysis of PRNP variants, when compared to the PRNP reference sequence, revealed seven alleles in twelve genotypes. The homozygous 146NN, 211RR, and 222QQ alleles, which have been linked to an increased risk of scrapie, were found to be the most prevalent among all the goats. The heterozygous 222QK, 211RQ, 146SD, 146ND, and 146NS alleles and the homozygous 222KK, 146SS, and 146DD alleles, known to be associated with reduced scrapie susceptibility and a prolonged incubation period after experimental challenge, were found in 1.098% (222QK), 2.33% (211RQ), 0.58% (146SD), 3.13% (146ND), 20.68% (146NS), 0.005% (222KK), 3.31% (146SS), and 0.67% (146DD) of goats, respectively. The 222QK allele was found most frequently in goats tested from the east (VS District 1, 1.59%) and southwest (VS District 4, 1.08%) regions, whereas the 211RQ allele was found most often in goats tested from the Midwest (VS District 2, 8.03%) and east (VS District 1, 6.53%) regions. The 146NS allele was found most frequently in goats tested from the northwest (VS District 3, 29.02%) and southwest (VS District 4, 20.69%) regions. Our results showed that the prevalence of less susceptible genotypes at PRNP codon 146 may be sufficient to use genetic susceptibility testing in some herds. This may reduce the number of goats removed as part of a herd clean-up plan and may promote the selective breeding goats for less susceptible alleles in high-risk herds at the national level.
Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters of Rabbit Individual Body Weight in the Preweaning Period
Authors: Belabbas Rafik , Ezzeroug Rym , De la Luz García Maria , Feknous Naouel , Talaziza Djamel , Argente Maria José
Published: December 2023

The preweaning weight of kits has been related to their mortality during the suckling period. Selecting rabbit kits for individual body weight in the first days of life could be interesting; however, better knowledge of body weight’s heritability during the preweaning period is necessary to determine the opportune moment for selection. A total of 1696 growth records of kits from 81 females of the ITLEV2006 synthetic line were analysed in order to estimate the genetic and non-genetic parameters for individual body weight at birth as well as at 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age. The estimates of heritability (h2) for individual weight were between low (0.11 at birth, 0.16 at 5 days, and 0.17 at 7 days) and moderate (0.21, 0.21, 0.24, and 0.21 at 14, 21, 28, and 35 days, respectively). Weight at birth showed a strong and positive genetic correlation with weight at 5 days (+0.79) and 7 days of age (+0.78), but the correlation was low for the rest of the weight measurements (+0.41, +0.49, +0.54, and +0.54 with weight at 14, 21, 28, and 35 days, respectively). Weight at 5 days and 7 days displayed strong and positive genetic correlations with the rest of the weight measurements (higher than +0.83). The values of the common litter effect (c2) were high, and they increased with age from 0.43 at birth to 0.66 at 35 days of age. The values of the maternal permanent effect (p2) were low compared to those of the common litter effect (c2), varying between 0.04 and 0.11. In conclusion, opting to select for body weight at 5 or 7 days of age would yield a greater response compared to selecting for birth weight. This approach would indirectly increase the kits’ weight at birth and at weaning, thereby reducing preweaning losses.
Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics and Driving Force Analysis of Precipitation Use Efficiency at the North Foot of Yinshan Mountain
Authors: Yang Yi , Liu Hu , Tao Wanghai , Shan Yuyang
Published: December 2023

The northern foothills of Yinshan Mountain are situated in northern China’s agricultural and pastoral ecotone, serving as a crucial ecological barrier. To comprehensively assess the impact of grassland resource restoration in this region since the initiation of the Grain-for-Green conversion project in 2000, this study analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation use efficiency (PUE) and investigates climate-driven factors during 2001–2021. The results showed that the grassland types at the north foot of Yinshan could be divided into four categories: warm-arid, warm subtropical semidesert (WSS), warm temperate-arid, warm temperate zonal semidesert (WZS), warm temperate-semiarid, warm temperate typical steppe (WTS), and warm temperate-subhumid forest steppe (WFT). The NPP of the four grassland species were 151.34 (WSS), 196.72 (WZS), 283.33 (WTS), and 118.06 gC·m−2 (WFT), and correspondingly, the PUE of the four grassland species were 0.66 (WSS), 0.66 (WZS), 0.80 (WTS), and 0.57 gC·m−2·mm−1 (WFT). From 2001 to 2021, PUE in grassland showed an overall upward trend, rising from 0.57 to 0.99 gC·m−2·mm−1. The trend analysis found that the vegetation ecological area of the northern foot of Yinshan became better, of which 54.36% was improved and 15.72% was degraded. It is worth pointing out that WSS had the highest degree of improvement, while WFT was in a degraded state. The climate driving force analysis shows that the regional contribution of precipitation is 19.57%, temperature is 28.33%, potential evapotranspiration is 13.65%, wind speed is 10.79%, and saturated vapor pressure is 27.66%.
Improving the Anaerobic Digestion Process of Wine Lees by the Addition of Microparticles
Authors: García Álvaro Alfonso , Ruiz Palomar César , Hermosilla Daphne , Gascó Antonio , Muñoz Raúl , de Godos Ignacio
Published: December 2023

Wine lee generation, a by-product of the wine industry, implies economic challenges for producers in terms of management due to its high organic load and low pH value. Biological treatment based on controlled anaerobic digestion may emerge as a viable management alternative given its promising potential for biogas production thanks to the organic content of the substrate. However, the complex properties of wine lees may lead to microbial activity inhibition and process kinetics failure. Various solutions have already been explored, including co-digestion with other substrates, or the application of different pretreatments, to mitigate the effects of the accumulation of phenolic compounds, volatile fatty acids, antioxidants, or the acidic pH value of the medium. In this study, laboratory-scale batch reactors were established, adding iron- (magnetite) or carbon (graphite)-based microparticles to assess their impact on the kinetics of the process. The results demonstrate a significant improvement of 35% in the potential production of biomethane after four days of operation with graphite particles and 42% after five days using magnetite particles. Methane production rates, as determined by the Gompertz model, were 45.38 and 46.54 mL CH4∙gVS−1∙d−1 for the application of graphite and magnetite microparticles to the medium, respectively, compared to the value of 33.46 mL CH4∙gVS−1∙d−1 for the control trial, confirming kinetic process improvements of 36% and 39%, respectively. Evidences of the acceleration of the methanogenesis phase were detected along the essays; however, the strong inhibition mediated by the carboxylate accumulation was not avoided in any of the tested conditions.
Microplastic Pollutants in Aquatic Ecosystems: Present and Future Challenges
Authors: Kumar Amit , Krishan Gopal
Published: December 2023

Microplastics (MPs), an emerging contaminant in aquatic environments, are the cause of ecological and climatic risk and have thus become a hot topic for the global scientific community [...]
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution Discharge and Water Quality Evaluation in a Small Basin of the Upper Reaches of Lijiang River
Authors: Yu Jianzhou , Mo Leixin , Dai Junfeng , Bai Kaihua , Mo Jianying , Zhang Shuaipu
Published: December 2023

The Lijiang River Basin is a humid, subtropical, karst landform in China and is listed as a World Heritage Site. However, with the rapid development of urbanization and tourism activities in recent years, it faces increasingly severe non-point source pollution. To understand the temporal and spatial variations in nitrogen and phosphorus pollution discharge and the changes in river water quality, the Jingui Small Basin, in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River, was chosen as a representative system. Changes in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were continuously monitored in the main river channel and the river water quality was evaluated using the comprehensive water quality identification index method. The results indicated that there were obvious seasonal changes in nitrogen and phosphorus discharge loads in the basin. Both nitrogen and phosphorus discharge loads were higher in the crop-growing season than in the non-growing season. No significant difference in nitrogen and phosphorus discharge load between different scales was found, and the scale was not the key factor affecting the nitrogen and phosphorus discharge load of Jingui River. As the river flowed from the initial water source to the outlet of the basin, water quality was characterized by the spatial pattern of the upper reaches > the middle reaches > the lower reaches. Except for the water quality at the outlet of the basin in November and December, which reached Class V, the comprehensive water quality of each sub-basin reached the target water quality of the water function zoning from May to December. The elucidation of the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution discharge patterns in the Jingui River and the changes in water quality provide a reference for the control and management of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Lijiang River Basin.
Analysis of the Joint Bearing Capacity of Composite Cushion-Spiral Case Structures for Hydropower Stations Considering the Damage Mechanisms of Surrounding Concrete
Authors: Xu Wenjie , Wang Gang , Ma Zhenyue , Kang Fei
Published: December 2023

The spiral case structure is an essential part of a hydropower station. To accurately explore the joint load-bearing effect of the cushion-spiral case structure, a cushion-spiral case structure with a high HD value was selected, modeled, and analyzed in this study. The reliability of the model was verified through measured data. Given the contact relation between the spiral case and the cushion, the cushion laying range was used as the control parameter to investigate its impact on the joint bearing capacity of the structure. In addition, the concrete damage theory was introduced to probe the damage mechanism of the structure under assumed extreme working conditions. The steel spiral case bears most of the internal water pressure in the joint bearing system, and the bearing ratio of the surrounding concrete and reinforcement decreases with the increase in the cushion wrap angle. A 1.1–1.2 overload head is the main section that forms penetrating cracks. For the spiral case structure with a high HD value, a reasonable cushion can significantly reduce the damage level of the surrounding concrete and regulate the uneven lifting of the turbine pier and the shear strength of the stay ring. This study can provide reference points for the spiral case arrangement and range and the structural failure response under extreme working conditions.
State-of-Charge Balancing Control for Dual-Bus Battery System with Low-Voltage Output Regulation
Authors: Zhang Daxing , Wang Xiangdong , Wang Yankai , Cai Bingzi , Gao Shisen , Tian Mingming , Cai Suxiong , Deng Yuehui , Cao Yuan , Li Feiliang
Published: December 2023

This article introduces a new method for balancing the state of charge (SOC) in a dual-bus battery system architecture. The system consists of multiple battery cells or modules connected in series to provide high voltage output. Additionally, low-power flyback converters are connected in series with each battery cell or module at the inputs, and their outputs are connected in parallel to provide lower voltage output. The SOC balancing algorithm ensures that the lower voltage output remains at a desired reference value by adjusting the average duty cycle of each power converter, while also balancing the rate of charge or discharge of each battery cell or module. This SOC balancing process does not affect the normal operation of the high voltage power output. In other words, the dual output (high voltage and low voltage) of the battery system can function independently, and the balancing current only flows through the low voltage power path. Experimental results from a prototype are provided and discussed to validate the proposed dual-bus battery system and controller.
Modern approaches to assessing the quality of orally disintegrating tablets
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Eremin V. A. , Blynskaya E. V. ,   V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology
Published: December 2023

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are the preferred and accepted solid dosage forms by patients. These tablets disintegrate in the oral cavity within a short period, providing an advantage for individuals who have difficulty swallowing. Quality control of ODTs can be achieved through measures such as friability, porosity, hardness, wetting time, water absorption capacity, in vitro disintegration test, and dissolution test. This article summarizes the advantages and in vitro quality control tests of orally disintegrating tablets.
Minilaparoscopic total extraperitoneal hernioplasty
Authors:   City Clinical Hospital named after V. V. Vinogradov, Kosachenko M. V. , Klimov A. E. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Barkhudarov A. A. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Safronova D. G. ,   City Clinical Hospital named after V. V. Vinogradov
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of preperitoneal repair of inguinal hernias using minilaparoscopic instruments — ports with a diameter of 3 mm. From March to June 2023, 10 laparoscopic hernioplasties were performed using mini instruments. All operations were performed using a 10 mm optical trocar and two working trocars with a diameter of 3 mm. The following indicators were analyzed: the severity of pain in the early postoperative period (6 hours after surgery), the severity of pain upon discharge from the hospital, the use of analgesics on demand, operation time, the frequency of intraoperative and delayed complications. The average operative time was 45 ± 10 minutes. There was no conversion to open plastic surgery. One patient used analgesics immediately after surgery. The length of hospital stay was 2 days for all patients. There were no intra- or postoperative complications. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing minilaparoscopy, which demonstrates good results in terms of postoperative pain, operative time and aesthetics, in laparoscopic hernia repair.
USING DIGITAL EDUCATIONALUNIVERSITY RESOURCES
Authors:   Orel State University, GRYADUNOVA E.N. , YAKYNINA M.A. ,   Orel State University, SEREBRENNIKOV A.D. ,   Orel State University
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the digital educational resources of the university based on OSU. I.S. Turgenev. The content of academic disciplines on the Moodle digital platform was studied. An assessment was made of the demand for and student satisfaction with the digital educational space provided by the university.
SELECTION OF SUPPLIERS OF SPARE PARTS FOR CAR SERVICE ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, GRISHIN A.S. , SARBAYEV V.I. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, DZJOVANNISS S. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, GUSEV A.G. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University
Published: December 2023

The article proposes an algorithm for selecting suppliers, depending on the type of application for spare parts, and develops criteria for selecting suppliers. For the direct selection of suppliers, it is proposed to use the method of multi-criteria ranking of alternatives to ELECTRE 1, which reduces the total number of car service providers.
ON THE ISSUE OF IDENTIFICATION OF MODERN TRENDS OF CHANGING THE REGULATION OF THE USE OF PERSONAL MOBILITY DEVICES AND BICYCLES IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Scientific Center of Road Safety of the Ministry of Inte-rior of the Russian Federation, MITROSHIN D.V. , PETROV A.I. ,   Tyumen Industrial University
Published: December 2023

The article considers the statistics of growth and qualitative transformation of the personal mobility equipment (PMQ) sector that are relevant for Russia. A structural analysis of the PMQ kicksharing market (2023) was carried out. The current data on the dynamics of growth and the specifics of accidents using PMQ are presented.Proposals for regulating the use of personal mobility equipment and bicycles in Russia are presented.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF REPAIR OF ROBOTIC GEARBOXES
Authors:   Oryol State University, LOMAKIN D.O. , KRAVCHENKO V.A. ,   Oryol State University, SIMUSHKIN A.V. ,   Oryol State University
Published: December 2023

The article describes the technology of repairing the hydraulic part of the mechatronics of the DSG-7 DQ200 robotic gearshift.
INFLUENCE GIVING INFUSION OF LEMON WATER (Citrus limon) AND CUCUMBER (Cucumissativus L) ON SUFFERER HYPERTENSION IN REGION WORK PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER PUUWATU CITY KENDARI
Authors: Rofiqoh Rofiqoh , Van Gobel Sri Yunanci
Published: December 2023

Hypertension is one of the silent killer diseases that causes the iceberg phenomenon. The prevalence of hypertension increases with age. If this pathological condition does not get treatment quickly and early, it will exacerbate the risk. Based on the results of Riskesdas (2018) in Indonesia the prevalence of hypertension was 31.7%. The prevalence of Hypertension for Southeast Sulawesi Province based on the results of Riskesdas in 2007 was 31.7%, Riskesdas in 2013 decreased to 25% and in Riskesdas in 2018 it rose to 31%. Data on the health profile of Puuwatu Public Health Center, Kendari City, hypertension in adults (20-44 years) in the last 3 years showed that in 2014 there were 284 cases, in 2015 there were 222 cases, in 2016 increased to 419 cases and in 2017 to 498 cases. Infused water is water that is mixed with fruit and then allowed to stand for a few hours until the juices come out . To determine the effect of Infusion of Fruit and Vegetable Water (cucumber and lemon) on Hypertension Patients in the Work Area of Puuwatu Health Center, Kendari City. This type of research is Quasi experimental using a two group pre-post test design with control with a survey approach. This research was conducted on November 5, 2020 to January 29, 2021. The design of this study was to provide Infused Water of fruits and vegetables (cucumber and lemon) to hypertension patients who were previously checked for blood pressure and then given an intervention in the form of giving Infused Water of fruits and vegetables (cucumber 100 g) and 50 grams of lemon plus 250 ml of mineral water) 1 time a day for 8 consecutive days. Blood pressure was checked 4 times after giving Infused Water fruit and vegetable. The sample is all adults who suffer from hypertension totaling 64 people. The sampling technique Purposive sampling. Blood pressure before and after the intervention by giving Cucumber and Lemon Infused Water for 8 days and measuring blood pressure 4 times (every 2 days) that the mean systolic blood pressure before and after the intervention for the case group was 144.4575 mgHg and the control group was 152.155 mgHg and diastolic blood pressure before and after the intervention, the mean for the case group was 90.9375 mgHg and the control group was 96.335 mgHg. The results of independent t-test in cases and controls systolic blood pressure p value = 0.339 ( 0.05) while diastolic p value = 0.374 ( 0.05), that there is no significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the two sample groups .then averaged were . the diastolic variable obtained p value = 0.17 (0.05) so it can be said that for systolic and diastolic blood pressure there is an effect.
PHOSPHATE BUFFER SALINE AS AN ALTERNATIVE DILUENT IN EXAMINATION OF ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE WESTERGREEN METHOD
Authors: Alfia Shofa , Nugraha Gilang , Anggraini Rahayu , Lukiyono Yauwan Tobing
Published: December 2023

Background: 0.9% NaCl is the standard method for examining ESR with EDTA blood, it was found that PBS has properties comparable to 0.9% NaCl because the osmolarity and ion concentration of this solution is isotonic with human body fluids.Aims: This study was to determine the difference in LED results using PBS pH 7.2 and pH 7.4 with the results of examining LEDs using 0.9% NaCl Westergren method.Methods: This study used an experimental method with a static group comparison research design. The difference in the results of the LED examination using 0.9% NaCl as the control group and PBS pH 7.2 and pH 7.4 as the test group.Results: statistical tests showed that the average value of LED using 0.9% NaCl was 13.10 mm/hour, PBS pH 7.2 was 12.40 mm/hour and PBS pH 7.4 was 10.30 mm/hour. Based on the results of the One Way Anova test, the p-value was 0.528 and the Post Hoc test results on PBS pH 7.2 obtained a p-value of 0.959 and PBS pH 7.4 p-value 0.523. Conclusion: the results of examining the LED using both PBS pH 7.2 and PBS pH 7.4 diluents showed no difference in results with 0.9% NaCl diluent as the standard method. So there is a suggestion from researchers to use abnormal samples diluted with PBS pH 7.2 to 7.4.
COMPARISON OF IMMEDIATE AND TWO-HOUR DELAYED BLOOD GLUCOSE RESULTS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Marini Meta Nur'Izzu , Yansen Aturut , Wijayanti Dian Rachma
Published: December 2023

Background: Synthetic media for microbial growth are expensive, thus opening the way for making bacterial growth media using local raw materials at low prices. Jicama is one of the local raw materials that can be used as natural media for the growth of microorganisms. It contains a source of carbohydrates needed for the development of microorganisms. Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of Jicama, which has the potential to grow Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Methods: This study used experimental research with the Static Group Comparison method. In this study, the experimental group Staphylococcus aureus was instilled in Jicama solid media with various concentrations (2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%) with five repetitions. The results: The results showed that the average number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria colonies in jicama flour with a concentration of 2% was 0, a concentration of 3% was 0, a concentration of 4% was 0.8, a concentration of 5% was 1.4, and at a concentration of 6% was 2.2. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test with a degree of confidence of 0.05 obtained a p-value = 0.000 where the p-value 0.05 so that it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of variations in the concentration of jicama flour on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Conclusions: For future researchers, it is necessary to conduct further research using higher concentrations of jicama flour and by adding other nutrients, such as animal protein, so that the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is more optimal.
PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUND LEVELS IN BAMA LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AGAINST Salmonella Thypimurium ATCC 19430
Authors: Suryaningsih Putu Ayu , Oka Suyasa Ida Bagus , Fridayanti Komang Dewi
Published: December 2023

Diarrhea is one of the intestinal infection symptoms that can cause poor absorption to loss of nutrition if not treated immediately. Salmonella spp. is 1 of the 4 fundamental global causes of diarrhoeal diseases and antibiotics have been widely used to treat infections caused by this group of bacteria. WHO reported that the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. has increased in past years. For those reasons, efforts have been made to discover new antimicrobial compounds from various sources, including the ethanol extracts of Bama leaves. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the phytochemical compounds (flavonoids, tannins, and phenols) in the ethanol extract of Bama leaves and their inhibitory effect against the bacteria Salmonella typhimurium which causes diarrhea. Design method used is RAL 5 x 4, 5 treatments were concentration of Bama leaf extract 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50% and 75% and 4 replicates for each test. The phytochemical quantitative analysis showed bama leaf extract had 520,99 mgQE flavonoid / 100 gram, 1465,19 mgTAE tannin/100 g and 16531,78 phenol/100 g extract. All contrentration of bama leaf extract could not inhibit the growth of Salmonella thypimurium ATCC 19430.Â