bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alkoholabhängigkeit in der primärärztlichen Versorgung: Welche Patienten werden erkannt?
Authors: Kuitunen-Paul Sören , Manthey Jakob , Trautmann Sebastian , Pieper Lars , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich , Rehm Jürgen
Published: September 2016

Ziel: Der Zugang zum Suchthilfesystem wird erschwert, wenn der Hausarzt die Alkoholabhängigkeit des Patienten nicht erkennt. Wir überprüften, wie gut hausärztliche und standardisierte klinische Diagnostik übereinstimmen.

Methodik: Die deutsche Stichprobe der europaweiten APC-Studie umfasst N=1 356 Patienten, für die Diagnosestellungen durch N=76 Hausärzte bzw. das Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) vorliegen. Beide Diagnosen wurden mittels gewichteter Regressionsanalyse verglichen.

Ergebnisse: Hausärzte und CIDI-Interview identifizierten gleichviele Fälle bei geringer Überschneidung. Hausärzte erkannten insbesondere ältere und männliche Abhängige. Patienten mit psychischen Komorbiditäten, auffälligem Konsummuster, Leberproblemen oder Alltagsbeeinträchtigungen wurden nicht überzufällig unterschiedlich diagnostiziert.

Schlussfolgerung: Standardisierte diagnostische Maßnahmen könnten dabei helfen, jüngere und weibliche alkoholabhängige Hausarztpatienten besser zu identifizieren.
The design of the optical Thomson scattering diagnostic for the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Datte P. S. , Ross J. S. , Froula D. H. , Daub K. D. , Galbraith J. , Glenzer S. , Hatch B. , Katz J. , Kilkenny J. , Landen O. , Manha D. , Manuel A. M. , Molander W. , Montgomery D. , Moody J. , Swadling G. F. , Weaver J.
Published: September 2016

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 192 laser beam facility designed to support the Stockpile Stewardship, High Energy Density and Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) programs. We report on the design of an Optical Thomson Scattering (OTS) diagnostic that has the potential to transform the community’s understanding of NIF hohlraum physics by providing first principle, local, time-resolved measurements of under-dense plasma conditions. The system design allows operation with different probe laser wavelengths by manual selection of the appropriate beam splitter and gratings before the shot. A deep-UV probe beam (λ0-210 nm) will be used to optimize the scattered signal for plasma densities of 5 × 1020 electrons/cm3 while a 3ω probe will be used for experiments investigating lower density plasmas of 1 × 1019 electrons/cm3. We report the phase I design of a two phase design strategy. Phase I includes the OTS telescope, spectrometer, and streak camera; these will be used to assess the background levels at NIF. Phase II will include the design and installation of a probe laser.
Expanding Taylor bubble under constant heat flux
Authors: Voirand Antoine , Benselama Adel M. , Ayel Vincent , Bertin Yves
Published: September 2016

Modelization of non-isothermal bubbles expanding in a capillary, as a contribution to the understanding of the physical phenomena taking place in Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHPs), is the scope of this paper. The liquid film problem is simplified and solved, while the thermal problem takes into account a constant heat flux density applied at the capillary tube wall, exchanging with the liquid film surrounding the bubble and also with the capillary tube outside medium. The liquid slug dynamics is solved using the Lucas-Washburn equation. Mass and energy balance on the vapor phase allow governing equations of bubble expansion to be written. The liquid and vapor phases are coupled only through the saturation temperature associated with the vapor pressure, assumed to be uniform throughout the bubble. Results show an over-heating of the vapor phase, although the particular thermal boundary condition used here always ensures an evaporative mass flux at the liquid-vapor interface. Global heat exchange is also investigated, showing a strong decreasing of the PHP performance to convey heat by phase change means for large meniscus velocities.
Turbulence-flame interactions in DNS of a laboratory high Karlovitz premixed turbulent jet flame
Authors: Wang Haiou , Hawkes Evatt R. , Chen Jacqueline H.
Published: September 2016

In the present work, direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a laboratory premixed turbulent jet flame was performed to study turbulence-flame interactions. The turbulent flame features moderate Reynolds number and high Karlovitz number (Ka). The orientations of the flame normal vector n, the vorticity vector ω and the principal strain rate eigenvectors ei are examined. The in-plane and out-of-plane angles are introduced to quantify the vector orientations, which also measure the flame geometry and the vortical structures. A general observation is that the distributions of these angles are more isotropic downstream as the flame and the flow become more developed. The out-of-plane angle of the flame normal vector, β, is a key parameter in developing the correction of 2D measurements to estimate the corresponding 3D quantities. The DNS results show that the correction factor is unity at the inlet and approaches its theoretical value of an isotropic distribution downstream. The alignment characteristics of n, ω and ei, which reflect the interactions of turbulence and flame, are also studied. Similar to a passive scalar gradient in non-reacting flows, the flame normal has a tendency to align with the most compressive strain rate, e3, in the flame, indicating that turbulence contributes to the production of scalar gradient. The vorticity dynamics are examined via the vortex stretching term, which was found to be the predominant source of vorticity generation balanced by dissipation, in the enstrophy transport equation. It is found that although the vorticity preferentially aligns with the intermediate strain rate, e2, the contribution of the most extensive strain rate, e1, to vortex stretching is comparable with that of the intermediate strain rate, e2. This is because the eigenvalue of the most extensive strain rate, λ1, is always large and positive. It is confirmed that the vorticity vector is preferentially positioned along the flame tangential plane, contributing to the dominance of cylindrical curvature of the flame front. Finally, the effect of heat release on the turbulence-flame interactions is examined. It is found that heat release has only limited impact on the statistics due to the minor role played by the strain rate induced by heat release rate in the current high Ka flame.
Nonlinear ion acoustic dissipative shock structure with exchange-correlation effects in quantum semiconductor plasmas
Authors: Hussain S. , Akhtar N.
Published: September 2016

Ion acoustic shocks in the electron-hole-ion semiconductor plasmas have been studied. The quantum recoil effects, exchange-correlation effects and degenerate pressure of electrons and holes are included. The ion species are considered classical and their dissipation is taken into account via the dynamic viscosity. The Korteweg de Vries Burgers equation is derived by using reductive perturbation approach. The excitation of shock waves in different semiconductor plasmas is pointed out. For numerical analyses, the plasma parameters of different semiconductors are considered. The impact of variation of the plasma parameters on the strength of the shock wave in the semiconductor plasmas is discussed.
Equations of state and diagrams of two-dimensional liquid dusty plasmas
Authors: Feng Yan , Lin Wei , Li Wei , Wang Qiaoling
Published: September 2016

Recently, the pressure of two-dimensional (2D) Yukawa liquids has been calculated from the simulations of isochores [Feng et al., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 49, 235203 (2016)], which is applicable to 2D dusty plasmas. Thus, the equation of state for 2D strongly coupled liquid dusty plasmas is obtained. Isobars and isotherms of 2D liquid dusty plasmas are derived from this equation of state. For 2D liquid dusty plasmas, the surface corresponding to this equation of state has also been obtained in the 3D space of the pressure, the temperature, and the screening parameter which is related to the volume in the equilibrium state.
Propagator based formalism for optimizing in-line phase contrast imaging in laboratory X-ray setups
Authors: Balles Andreas , Zabler Simon , Ebensperger Thomas , Fella Christian , Hanke Randolf
Published: September 2016

We derive a propagator based formalism for optimizing phase contrast imaging in laboratory setups as well as in synchrotron setups. We confirm based on five different setups the well known existence of an optimum position for the sample in terms of phase contrast by measuring two types of fibers and evaluating the fringe contrast. Furthermore, we demonstrate for these setups a correlation of our formula and the fringe contrast. Hence, an estimate of this optimum position is given by our formalism which only depends on the source size, the detector blurring, and the total distance between source and detector.
The moisture outgassing kinetics of a silica reinforced polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Sharma H. N. , McLean W. , Maxwell R. S. , Dinh L. N.
Published: September 2016

A silica-filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite M9787 was investigated for potential outgassing in a vacuum/dry environment with the temperature programmed desorption/reaction method. The outgassing kinetics of 463 K vacuum heat-treated samples, vacuum heat-treated samples which were subsequently re-exposed to moisture, and untreated samples were extracted using the isoconversional and constrained iterative regression methods in a complementary fashion. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of water interactions with a silica surface were also performed to provide insight into the structural motifs leading to the obtained kinetic parameters. Kinetic analysis/model revealed that no outgassing occurs from the vacuum heat-treated samples in subsequent vacuum/dry environment applications at room temperature (∼300 K). The main effect of re-exposure of the vacuum heat-treated samples to a glove box condition (∼30 ppm by volume of H2O) for even a couple of days was the formation, on the silica surface fillers, of ∼60 ppm by weight of physisorbed and loosely bonded moisture, which subsequently outgasses at room temperature in a vacuum/dry environment in a time span of 10 yr. However, without any vacuum heat treatment and even after 1 h of vacuum pump down, about 300 ppm by weight of H2O would be released from the PDMS in the next few hours. Thereafter the outgassing rate slows down substantially. The presented methodology of using the isoconversional kinetic analysis results and some appropriate nature of the reaction as the constraints for more accurate iterative regression analysis/deconvolution of complex kinetic spectra, and of checking the so-obtained results with first principle calculations such as DFT can serve as a template for treating other complex physical/chemical processes as well.
Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of the classical nucleation process
Authors: Filipponi A. , Giammatteo P.
Published: September 2016

We implemented a kinetic Monte Carlo computer simulation of the nucleation process in the framework of the coarse grained scenario of the Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT). The computational approach is efficient for a wide range of temperatures and sample sizes and provides a reliable simulation of the stochastic process. The results for the nucleation rate are in agreement with the CNT predictions based on the stationary solution of the set of differential equations for the continuous variables representing the average population distribution of nuclei size. Time dependent nucleation behavior can also be simulated with results in agreement with previous approaches. The method, here established for the case in which the excess free-energy of a crystalline nucleus is a smooth-function of the size, can be particularly useful when more complex descriptions are required.
Electron cyclotron emission spectra in X- and O-mode polarisation at JET: Martin-Puplett interferometer, absolute calibration, revised uncertainties, inboard/outboard temperature profile, and wall properties
Authors: Schmuck S. , Fessey J. , Boom J. E. , Meneses L. , Abreu P. , Belonohy E. , Lupelli I.
Published: September 2016

At the tokamak Joint European Torus (JET), the electron cyclotron emission spectra in O-mode and X-mode polarisations are diagnosed simultaneous in absolute terms for several harmonics with two Martin-Puplett interferometers. From the second harmonic range in X-mode polarisation, the electron temperature profile can be deduced for the outboard side (low magnetic field strength) of JET but only for some parts of the inboard side (high magnetic field strength). This spatial restriction can be bypassed, if a cutoff is not present inside the plasma for O-mode waves in the first harmonic range. Then, from this spectral domain, the profile on the entire inboard side is accessible. The profile determination relies on the new absolute and independent calibration for both interferometers. During the calibration procedure, the antenna pattern was investigated as well, and, potentially, an increase in the diagnostic responsivity of about 5% was found for the domain 100–300 GHz. This increase and other uncertainty sources are taken into account in the thorough revision of the uncertainty for the diagnostic absolute calibration. The uncertainty deduced and the convolution inherent for Fourier spectroscopy diagnostics have implications for the temperature profile inferred. Having probed the electron cyclotron emission spectra in orthogonal polarisation directions for the first harmonic range, a condition is derived for the reflection and polarisation-scrambling coefficients of the first wall on the outboard side of JET.
Disappearance of metal-insulator transition in NdNiO3/LaAlO3 films by ion irradiation controlled stress
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Choudhary R. J. , Kumar Ravi
Published: September 2016

The effect of strain on the metal-insulator transition (MIT) of the epitaxial NdNiO3 film on the c-axis oriented LaAlO3 single crystal, grown by pulsed laser deposition, has been investigated. Swift heavy ion irradiation was used to vary the strain state of the deposited film. X-ray diffraction confirmed a systematic fluence dependent rise in the in-plane compressive strain, while maintaining the epitaxy of the film. This in-plane compressive strain has been found to reduce the MIT temperature, which finally disappeared for the highest fluence of the irradiation. This is also corroborated with the Raman spectroscopy measurements which suggest that the ion irradiation induced stress is responsible for the suppression of the metal-insulator transition.
Quadratic algebra for superintegrable monopole system in a Taub-NUT space
Authors: Hoque Md Fazlul , Marquette Ian , Zhang Yao-Zhong
Published: September 2016

We introduce a Hartmann system in the generalized Taub-NUT space with Abelian monopole interaction. This quantum system includes well known Kaluza-Klein monopole and MIC-Zwanziger monopole as special cases. It is shown that the corresponding Schrödinger equation of the Hamiltonian is separable in both spherical and parabolic coordinates. We obtain the integrals of motion of this superintegrable model and construct the quadratic algebra and Casimir operator. This algebra can be realized in terms of a deformed oscillator algebra and has finite dimensional unitary representations (unirreps) which provide energy spectra of the system. This result coincides with the physical spectra obtained from the separation of variables.
High speed, intermediate resolution, large area laser beam induced current imaging and laser scribing system for photovoltaic devices and modules
Authors: Phillips Adam B. , Song Zhaoning , DeWitt Jonathan L. , Stone Jon M. , Krantz Patrick W. , Royston John M. , Zeller Ryan M. , Mapes Meghan R. , Roland Paul J. , Dorogi Mark D. , Zafar Syed , Faykosh Gary T. , Ellingson Randy J. , Heben Michael J.
Published: September 2016

We have developed a laser beam induced current imaging tool for photovoltaic devices and modules that utilizes diode pumped Q-switched lasers. Power densities on the order of one sun (100 mW/cm2) can be produced in a ∼40 μm spot size by operating the lasers at low diode current and high repetition rate. Using galvanostatically controlled mirrors in an overhead configuration and high speed data acquisition, large areas can be scanned in short times. As the beam is rastered, focus is maintained on a flat plane with an electronically controlled lens that is positioned in a coordinated fashion with the movements of the mirrors. The system can also be used in a scribing mode by increasing the diode current and decreasing the repetition rate. In either mode, the instrument can accommodate samples ranging in size from laboratory scale (few cm2) to full modules (1 m2). Customized LabVIEW programs were developed to control the components and acquire, display, and manipulate the data in imaging mode.
Wrapping of a deformable nanoparticle by the cell membrane: Insights into the flexibility-regulated nanoparticle-membrane interaction
Authors: Tang Huayuan , Zhang Hongwu , Ye Hongfei , Zheng Yonggang
Published: September 2016

Although many researches have been conducted on the interaction of the cell membrane with the rigid nanoparticle (NP), relatively little is known about the interaction of the membrane with the deformable NP, which is a promising kind of drug delivery carrier. In this paper, we investigate the wrapping of a deformable NP by the membrane, with particular attention paid to the location of the NP. Phase diagrams with respect to the normalized NP-membrane adhesion strength and the bending stiffness ratio between the NP and membrane are presented. The results show that the NP is easier to be fully wrapped but harder to be shallowly wrapped when the NP locates outside than inside the vesicle. For the system with an outside NP, there are three distinct stages separated by two critical bending stiffness ratios as the NP becomes softer. Moreover, the critical normalized adhesion strength required for a deformable NP to be fully wrapped is the same as that for a rigid NP when the bending stiffness ratio is higher than a critical value, which is different from the wrapping behavior by an initially flat membrane. In addition, a larger vesicle size facilitates the full wrapping configuration when the NP is inside, whereas it prohibits it when the NP is outside. These results are consistent with the previous research and can provide guidelines for the design of drug delivery systems based on the flexibility-tunable NPs.
Intrinsic spatial shift of local focus metric curves in digital inline holography for accurate 3D morphology measurement of irregular micro-objects
Authors: Wu Yingchun , Wu Xuecheng , Lebrun Denis , Brunel Marc , Coëtmellec Sébastien , Lesouhaitier Olivier , Chen Jia , Gréhan Gérard
Published: September 2016

A theoretical model of digital inline holography system reveals that the local focus metric curves (FMCs) of different parts of an irregular micro-object present spatial shift in the depth direction which is resulted from the depth shift. Thus, the 3D morphology of an irregular micro-object can be accurately measured using the cross correlation of the local FMCs. This method retrieves the 3D depth information directly, avoiding the uncertainty inherited from the depth position determination. Typical 3D morphology measurements, including the 3D boundary lines of tilted carbon fibers and irregular coal particles, and the 3D swimming gesture of a live Caenorhabdities elegans, are presented.
Raman mapping analysis for removal of surface secondary phases of CZTS films using chemical etching
Authors: Wei Zhengfei , Newman Michael J. , Tsoi Wing C. , Watson Trystan M.
Published: September 2016

Raman spectroscopy has been widely used as a non-destructive surface characterization method for the Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films. Secondary phases, which often co-exist with CZTS, are detrimental to the device performance. In this work, removal of the secondary phases using sodium sulfide (Na2S) aqueous solution etching in various time durations was investigated. Raman scattering mapping provides a direct visualization of phase distribution in CZTS-based materials on a relatively large scale (1 mm × 10 mm). Both as-grown and etched CZTS absorber layers were examined by Raman spectroscopy with a 532 nm excitation laser light in the range of 50–500 cm-1. A clear reduction of the secondary phases (mainly SnS) at the surface after etching was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) reveals a pronounced correlation between the amount of secondary phases and photoluminescence peak position. The PL spectra of the regions with more Sn-rich secondary phases show clearly a shift to high wavelength of the peak position, in comparison with regions with less Sn-rich secondary phases. These observed PL changes could be due to Sn-rich defects which may cause recombination processes.
Photo-detachment signal analysis to accurately determine electronegativity, electron temperature, and charged species density
Authors: Oudini N. , Sirse N. , Taccogna F. , Ellingboe A. R. , Bendib A.
Published: September 2016

Laser pulse induced photo-detachment combined with Langmuir probing has been introduced to diagnose plasma electronegativity. This technique uses a laser pulse to convert negative ions into electron-atom pairs and tracks the change of electron saturation current by a Langmuir probe. The existing model determines plasma electronegativity as the ratio of electron saturation current before and after detachment. However, this model depends on various assumptions and neglects the formation of a potential barrier between the laser channel and surrounding electronegative plasma. In this letter, we present a new analytical model to analyze photo-detachment signals in order to improve the accuracy of electronegativity measurements and extend this technique for measuring electron temperature and charged species density. This analytical model is supported by Particle-In-Cell simulation of electronegative plasma dynamics following laser photo-detachment. The analysis of the signal, detected on a simulated probe, shows that the present analytical model determines electronegativity, electron temperature, and plasma density with a relative error of ∼20%, ∼20%, and ∼50%, respectively, whereas the electronegativity obtained from a previous model is underestimated by an order of magnitude.
What is the surface temperature of a solid irradiated by a Petawatt laser?
Authors: Kemp A. J. , Divol L.
Published: September 2016

When a solid target is irradiated by a Petawatt laser pulse, its surface is heated to tens of millions of degrees within a few femtoseconds, facilitating a diffusive heat wave and the acceleration of electrons to MeV energies into the target. Using numerically converged collisional particle-in-cell simulations, we observe a competition between two surface heating mechanisms–inverse bremsstrahlung in solid density on the one hand and electron scattering on turbulent electric fields on the other. Collisionless heating effectively dominates above the relativistic intensity threshold. Our numerical results show that a high-contrast 40 fs, f/5 laser pulse with 1 J energy will heat the skin layer to 5 keV, and the inside of the target over several microns deep to bulk temperatures in the range of 10–100 eV at solid density.
Release of reactive phosphorus from sediments in Dongting Lake linked with the Yangtze River
Authors: Liang Tao , Tong Yali , Wang Xiahui , Wang Lingqing
Published: September 2016

Environmental contextEutrophication caused by excessive inputs of phosphorus is a prevalent global environmental problem. Reactive phosphorus released from sediments was measured by two new in situ passive sampling techniques capable of high-resolution measurements of phosphorus concentration. The methods provide the scientific evidence for solving the problems associated with deteriorating surface water quality. AbstractInternal phosphorus (P) loading is regarded as a major eutrophication factor and may prevent improvements in lake water quality. Two new in situ passive sampling techniques, high-resolution pore-water equilibrators (HR-Peeper) and zirconium oxide-based diffusive gradients in thin films (Zr-oxide DGT), were combined to measure dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) (CPeeper) and labile phosphorus (CDGT) at five sites in South Dongting and West Dongting Lakes. The vertical distribution of CPeeper and CDGT displayed similarity, which demonstrated that the buffering capacity of the labile P in sediments was similar at different depths. The diffusion flux of P from the sediments at the sediment–water interface ranged from 1.9 to 88ng m–2 day–1, with an average value of 38ng m–2 day–1. The P flux at the entrances to the Yuan, Li and Zi Rivers was fairly large at all five sites. The sediments at the five sites released P into overlying water, indicating that the sediments are an important source of P for Dongting Lake.
Analysis of in vitro follicle development during the onset of premature ovarian insufficiency in a mouse model
Authors: Kaune Heidy , Sheikh Sairah , Williams Suzannah A.
Published: September 2016

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) occurs in 1% of women under 40 years of age and is predominantly idiopathic. In a transgenic mouse model of follicular POI, the Double Mutant (DM), female mice are fertile at 6 weeks of age, become infertile by 9 weeks and exhibit POI by 3 months. DM female mice generate oocytes lacking mucin O-glycans and complex N-glycans due to deletion of core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-β-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1galt1) and mannoside acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (Mgat1) respectively (DM, C1galt1F/FMgat1F/F:ZP3Cre; Control, C1galt1F/FMgat1F/F). To determine whether DM follicle development could be improved in a controlled environment, follicles from DM and Control mice were cultured individually and follicle growth, morphology, survival and antrum formation were evaluated. DM ovaries were more rigid than Control ovaries at 3, 6 and 9 weeks, which was exacerbated with age, resulting in a failure to isolate follicles from 9 week-old DM females. DM follicles had decreased survival compared with Control follicles from females at 3 and 6 weeks of age. Furthermore, survival rate of DM follicles decreased with age between 3 and 6 weeks. DM follicles at both 3 and 6 weeks had accelerated follicle growth and altered antrum formation during the first few days of culture but, after 6 days, follicles were equivalent in size to the Controls. In conclusion, a population of DM follicles retain the potential to develop in vitro, and therefore follicle culture offers a reliable method to generate antral follicles from preantral follicles after the onset of POI in these female mice.
Dynamic regulation of auxin oxidase and conjugating enzymes
AtDAO1
and
GH3
modulates auxin homeostasis
Authors: Mellor Nathan , Band Leah R. , Pěnčík Aleš , Novák Ondřej , Rashed Afaf , Holman Tara , Wilson Michael H. , Voß Ute , Bishopp Anthony , King John R. , Ljung Karin , Bennett Malcolm J. , Owen Markus R.
Published: September 2016

Significance

Auxin is a key hormone regulating plant growth and development. We combine experiments and mathematical modeling to reveal how auxin levels are maintained via feedback regulation of genes encoding key metabolic enzymes. We describe how regulation of auxin oxidation via transcriptional control of
Arabidopsis thaliana
gene
DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION 1
(
AtDAO1
) expression is important at low to normal auxin concentrations. In contrast, higher auxin levels lead to increased Gretchen Hagen3 expression and auxin conjugation. Integrating this understanding into a multicellular model of root auxin dynamics successfully predicts that the
dao1-1
mutant has an auxin-dependent longer root hair phenotype. Our findings reveal the importance of auxin homeostasis to maintain this hormone at optimal levels for plant growth and development.
Inhibition in Task Switching: The Reliability of the n − 2 Repetition Cost
Authors: Kowalczyk Agnieszka W. , Grange James A.
Published: September 2016

The n − 2 repetition cost seen in task switching is the effect of slower response times performing a recently completed task (e.g. an ABA sequence) compared to performing a task that was not recently completed (e.g. a CBA sequence). This cost is thought to reflect cognitive inhibition of task representations and as such, the n − 2 repetition cost has begun to be used as an assessment of individual differences in inhibitory control; however, the reliability of this measure has not been investigated in a systematic manner. The current study addressed this important issue. Seventy-two participants performed three task switching paradigms; participants were also assessed on rumination traits and processing speed—measures of individual differences potentially modulating the n − 2 repetition cost. We found significant n − 2 repetition costs for each paradigm. However, split-half reliability tests revealed that this cost was not reliable at the individual-difference level. Neither rumination tendencies nor processing speed predicted this cost. We conclude that the n − 2 repetition cost is not reliable as a measure of individual differences in inhibitory control.
Projectivity of the moduli space of stable log-varieties and subadditivity of log-Kodaira dimension
Authors: Kovács Sándor , Patakfalvi Zsolt
Published: September 2016

We prove that any coarse moduli space of stable log-varieties of general type is projective. We also prove subadditivity of log-Kodaira dimension for fiber spaces whose general fiber is of log general type.
Projective duality and a Chern-Mather involution
Authors: Aluffi Paolo
Published: September 2016

We observe that linear relations among Chern-Mather classes of projective varieties are preserved by projective duality. We deduce the existence of an explicit involution on a part of the Chow group of projective space, encoding the effect of duality on Chern-Mather classes. Applications include Plücker formulae, constraints on self-dual varieties, generalizations to singular varieties of classical formulas for the degree of the dual and the dual defect, formulas for the Euclidean distance degree, and computations of Chern-Mather classes and local Euler obstructions for cones.
Totaro’s question for tori of low rank
Authors: Gordon-Sarney Reed
Published: September 2016

Let

G
G

be a smooth connected linear algebraic group and let

X
X

be a

G
G

-torsor. Totaro asked: if

X
X

admits a zero-cycle of degree

d
≥
1

d \geq 1

, then does

X
X

have a closed étale point of degree dividing

d
d

? This question is entirely unexplored in the literature for algebraic tori. We settle Totaro’s question affirmatively for algebraic tori of rank

≤
2

\leq 2

.
Regularity of the velocity field for Euler vortex patch evolution
Authors: Coutand Daniel , Shkoller Steve
Published: September 2016

We consider the vortex patch problem for both the 2-D and 3-D incompressible Euler equations. In 2-D, we prove that for vortex patches withHk−0.5H^{k-0.5}Sobolev-class contour regularity,k≥4k \ge 4, the velocity field on both sides of the vortex patch boundary hasHkH^kregularity for all time. In 3-D, we establish existence of solutions to the vortex patch problem on a finite-time interval[0,T][0,T], and we simultaneously establish theHk−0.5H^{k-0.5}regularity of the two-dimensional vortex patch boundary, as well as theHkH^kregularity of the velocity fields on both sides of vortex patch boundary, fork≥3k \ge 3.
Tissue-specific pathway association analysis using genome-wide association study summaries
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Hao Jingcan , Zheng Shuyu , Fan Qianrui , He Awen , Wen Yan , Guo Xiong , Wu Cuiyan , Wang Sen , Yang Tielin , Shen Hui , Chen Xiangding , Tian Qing , Tan Lijun , Deng Hong-Wen , Zhang Feng
Published: September 2016

Motivation

Pathway association analysis has made great achievements in elucidating the genetic basis of human complex diseases. However, current pathway association analysis approaches fail to consider tissue-specificity.

Results

We developed a tissue-specific pathway interaction enrichment analysis algorithm (TPIEA). TPIEA was applied to two large Caucasian and Chinese genome-wide association study summary datasets of bone mineral density (BMD). TPIEA identified several significant pathways for BMD [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05], such as KEGG FOCAL ADHESION and KEGG AXON GUIDANCE, which had been demonstrated to be involved in the development of osteoporosis. We also compared the performance of TPIEA and classical pathway enrichment analysis, and TPIEA presented improved performance in recognizing disease relevant pathways. TPIEA may help to fill the gap of classic pathway association analysis approaches by considering tissue specificity.

Availability and Implementation

The online web tool of TPIEA is available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/tpieav1/files.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Retrospective Study Investigating the Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Manitoba, Canada: 2011–2014
Authors: Kadkhoda Kamran , Gretchen Ainsley
Published: September 2016

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is currently not nationally notifiable in Canada. This for the most part accounts for gross under-estimation of true incidence and prevalence of HGA and would potentially culminate in clinical missed opportunities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a Canadian jurisdiction with known established black-legged tick populations.
Myoclonic movements of the elbow and wrist as a rare complication of supracondylar humerus fracture in a child
Authors: Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko , Salokorpi Niina , Rantala Heikki , Serlo Willy
Published: September 2016

Supracondylar humerus fractures are associated with neurological complications. This report describes a child who suffered from persistent myoclonus-like movements of the elbow and wrist as a consequence of a previous displaced fracture. Symptoms were progressive. Seven years later, sensation was decreased in the ulnar nerve distribution. Palpation of the ulnar nerve exacerbated the myoclonic jerks. As symptoms progressed, electoneuromyography became abnormal. Cubital tunnel release and anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve were required to reach full recovery. Long-term outcome was excellent. In conclusion, myoclonus-like movements are a rare complication of supracondylar humerus fractures, resulting from ulnar nerve injury.
Accuracy of Laboratory Data Communication on ICU Daily Rounds Using an Electronic Health Record*
Authors: Artis Kathryn A. , Dyer Edward , Mohan Vishnu , Gold Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2016

Objectives:

Accurately communicating patient data during daily ICU rounds is critically important since data provide the basis for clinical decision making. Despite its importance, high fidelity data communication during interprofessional ICU rounds is assumed, yet unproven. We created a robust but simple methodology to measure the prevalence of inaccurately communicated (misrepresented) data and to characterize data communication failures by type. We also assessed how commonly the rounding team detected data misrepresentation and whether data communication was impacted by environmental, human, and workflow factors.

Design:

Direct observation of verbalized laboratory data during daily ICU rounds compared with data within the electronic health record and on presenters’ paper prerounding notes.

Setting:

Twenty-six-bed academic medical ICU with a well-established electronic health record.

Subjects:

ICU rounds presenter (medical student or resident physician), interprofessional rounding team.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and Main Results:

During 301 observed patient presentations including 4,945 audited laboratory results, presenters used a paper prerounding tool for 94.3% of presentations but tools contained only 78% of available electronic health record laboratory data. Ninty-six percent of patient presentations included at least one laboratory misrepresentation (mean, 6.3 per patient) and 38.9% of all audited laboratory data were inaccurately communicated. Most misrepresentation events were omissions. Only 7.8% of all laboratory misrepresentations were detected.

Conclusion:

Despite a structured interprofessional rounding script and a well-established electronic health record, clinician laboratory data retrieval and communication during ICU rounds at our institution was poor, prone to omissions and inaccuracies, yet largely unrecognized by the rounding team. This highlights an important patient safety issue that is likely widely prevalent, yet underrecognized.
Intranasal oxytocin dampens cue-elicited cigarette craving in daily smokers: a pilot study
Authors: Miller Melissa A. , Bershad Anya , King Andrea C. , Lee Royce , de Wit Harriet
Published: September 2016

Despite moderate success with pharmacological and behavioral treatments, smoking relapse rates remain high, and many smokers report that smoking cues lead to relapse. Therefore, treatments that target cue reactivity are needed. One candidate for reducing craving is the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT). Here, we investigated the effects of intranasal OT on two types of craving for cigarettes: craving following overnight abstinence and craving elicited by smoking-related cues. In this within-subject, placebo-controlled pilot study, smokers (N=17) abstained from smoking for 12 h before attending two sessions randomized to intranasal OT or placebo (i.e. saline nasal spray). On each session, participants received two doses of OT (20 IU) or placebo at 1-h intervals, and rated craving before and after each dose. Spontaneous cigarette craving was assessed after the first spray, and cue-elicited craving was assessed following the second spray. OT did not reduce levels of spontaneous craving after the first spray, but significantly dampened cue-induced smoking craving. These results provide preliminary evidence that OT can reduce cue-induced smoking craving in smokers. These findings provide an important link between preclinical and clinical studies aimed at examining the effectiveness of OT as a novel treatment for drug craving.
Placental implantation abnormalities: a modern approach
Authors: Vahanian Sevan A. , Vintzileos Anthony M.
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review

Placental implantation abnormalities (PIAs) comprise a large group of disorders associated with significant maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity.

Recent findings

Risk factors include prior uterine surgery/myometrial scarring and the presence of placenta previa with or without prior cesarean delivery. Newly identified risk factors include previous prelabor cesarean delivery and previous postpartum hemorrhage. PIAs contribute substantially to preterm birth with prematurity rates ranging from 38 to 82%. Diagnosis is typically made by ultrasound in the second or third trimester; transvaginal ultrasound and color Doppler are useful in evaluating for placental invasion, placental edge thickness, presence of fetal vessels, and cervical length. Suggestive MRI features include increased vascularity, dark T2 bands, uterine bulging, thin or indistinct myometrium, and loss of dark T2 interface. An important first-trimester finding is the implantation of the gestational sac into prior hysterotomy scar (cesarean scar pregnancy). Recommendations for delivery are universally preterm and based on expert opinion. Proposed management strategies are outlined depending on cervical length, distance between internal cervical os and placenta, and placental edge thickness.

There has been a recent shift in focus to individualizing management in order to improve delivery timing and in some cases even decrease risks associated with prematurity. There is a need for larger prospective studies or randomized trials to show that individualizing care can improve outcomes.
Recurrent Shoulder Dystocia: Risk Factors and Counseling
Authors: GUREWITSCH ALLEN EDITH D.
Published: September 2016

A prior history of delivery complicated by shoulder dystocia confers a 6-fold to nearly 30-fold increased risk of shoulder dystocia recurrence in a subsequent vaginal delivery, with most reported rates between 12% and 17%. Whereas prevention of shoulder dystocia in the general population is neither feasible nor cost-effective, directing intervention efforts at the particular subgroup of women with a prior history of shoulder dystocia has merit. Potentially modifiable risk factors and individualized management strategies that may reduce shoulder dystocia recurrence and its associated significant morbidities are reviewed.
QUININE TOXICITY: MULTIMODAL RETINAL IMAGING AND ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY FINDINGS
Authors: Su Daniel , Robson Anthony G. , Xu David , Lightman Susan , Sarraf David
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

To report the multimodal retinal imaging and electroretinography (ERG) findings of two cases with quinine toxicity.

Methods:

Retrospective case series describing the retinal imaging and ERG findings in two patients with retinal toxicity due to remote quinine exposure. Color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and full-field ERG findings are described.

Results:

Two patients with longstanding decreased vision were found to have bilateral optic disk pallor and retinal vascular attenuation indicative of chronic sequela after acute quinine toxicity. Inner retinal atrophy was identified on spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and full-field ERG was consistent with generalized inner retinal dysfunction in both patients. Fundus autofluorescence failed to demonstrate any evidence of outer retinal or retinal pigment epithelial abnormalities.

Conclusion:

Quinine toxicity may be associated with vision loss secondary to inner retinal atrophy. We report two cases with a clear history of acute quinine exposure leading to similar retinal imaging findings and distinctive ERG abnormalities. Clinicians should be aware of this uncommon condition as ingestion history may be remote.
Measuring Intraocular Pressure in Patients With Keratoconus With and Without Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments
Authors: Mendez-Hernandez Carmen , Arribas-Pardo Paula , Cuiña-Sardiña Ricardo , Fernandez-Perez Cristina , Mendez-Fernandez Rosalia , Saenz-Frances Federico , Benitez-del-Castillo Jose M. , Garcia-Feijoo Julian
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements made using 5 tonometers in keratoconic eyes with and without intrastromal corneal ring segments.

Methods and Patients:

This was an observational case series study. A total of 147 eyes of 147 patients with keratoconus, 74 of which had undergone corneal ring segment placement, were prospectively evaluated. IOP was measured using the tonometers Tonopen XL, Pascal dynamic contour tonometer, iCare Pro, ocular response analyzer (ORA), and Goldmann applanation (GAT) in random order. The Bland-Altman method was used to examine interinstrument agreement. Effects on readings of central corneal thickness, corneal curvature, and corneal astigmatism were assessed by multivariate regression analysis.

Results:

Smallest mean IOP differences with GAT measurements in eyes without and with ring segments, respectively, were detected for iCare Pro [0.2 (2.9) mm Hg and 0.4 (3.0) mm Hg, P=0.914] and greatest differences for ORA Goldmann-correlated IOP [5.8 (3.3) mm Hg and 6.0 (3.1) mm Hg, P=0.363]. Best agreement with GAT was shown by iCare Pro (ICC=0.829; 95% CI, 0.721-0.896) and worse agreement by ORA corneal-compensated IOP (ICC=−0.145; 95% CI, −0.826 to 0.283). All but the dynamic contour tonometer readings were influenced by central corneal thickness, yet these measurements were affected by the presence of ring segments (P=0.017) and corneal astigmatism (P=0.030). Corneal curvature only affected ORA Goldmann-correlated IOP (P=0.029).

Conclusions:

All 5 tonometers provided reliable IOP readings in the keratoconic eyes regardless of the presence of corneal ring segments. iCare Pro readings were most consistent with GAT, whereas ORA readings were least consistent with this reference standard.
Optic Disc Swelling After Intraocular Pressure Lowering Treatment in Acute Primary Angle Closure
Authors: Kim Bo Hee , Lee Eun Ji
Published: September 2016

Purpose of the Study:

The purpose of the study was to report cases with acute primary angle closure where optic disc swelling was documented after intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering by laser iridotomy.

Patients and Methods:

Two patients with acute primary angle closure underwent funduscopic examination of the optic disc and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography circumpapillary scanning at the time of acute primary angle closure attack before laser iridotomy, and after the laser iridotomy treatment.

Results:

Optic disc swelling was developed in both patients following IOP lowering by laser iridotomy, which was documented by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging as a diffuse thickening of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer.

Conclusions:

This is the first report demonstrating a temporal relationship between IOP lowering and optic disc swelling in patients with acute primary angle closure. Optic disc swelling documented after acute episode of acute primary angle closure may suggest choroidal effusion or axoplasmic overflow associated with sudden IOP lowering, rather than coexistence of other optic neuropathy.
Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery II Surgical Technique and Postoperative Management
Authors: Wolfe J. Alan , Malaisrie S. Chris , Farivar R. Saeid , Khan Junaid H. , Hargrove W. Clark , Moront Michael G. , Ryan William H. , Ailawadi Gorav , Agnihotri Arvind K. , Hummel Brian W. , Fayers Trevor M. , Grossi Eugene A. , Guy T. Sloane , Lehr Eric J. , Mehall John R. , Murphy Douglas A. , Rodriguez Evelio , Salemi Arash , Segurola Romualdo J. , Shemin Richard J. , Smith J. Michael , Smith Robert L. , Weldner Paul W. , Lewis Clifton T. P. , Barnhart Glenn R. , Goldman Scott M.
Published: September 2016

Techniques for minimally invasive mitral valve repair and replacement continue to evolve. This expert opinion, the second of a 3-part series, outlines current best practices for nonrobotic, minimally invasive mitral valve procedures, and for postoperative care after minimally invasive mitral valve surgery.
Computer decision support for acute kidney injury: current and future
Authors: Kashani Kianoush
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review

Growing awareness regarding the impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) as a grave consequence of critical illnesses resulted in the expansion of the need for early detection and appropriate management strategies. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can generate information to improve the care of AKI patients by providing point-of-care accurate patient-specific information and recommendations. Our objective is to describe the characteristics of CDSS and review the current knowledge regarding the impact of CDSS on patients in the acute care settings, and specifically for AKI.

Recent findings

Several recent systematic analyses showed the positive impact of CDSS on critically ill patients care processes. These studies also highlighted the scarcity of data regarding the effect of CDSS on the patient outcomes. In the field of AKI, there have been several reports to describe development and validation of homegrown CDSS and electronic alert systems. A large number of investigations showed the implementation of CDSS could improve the quality of AKI care; although, only in a very small subgroup of these studies patient outcomes improved.

The heterogeneity of these studies in their size, design, and conduct has produced controversial findings; hence, this has left the field completely open for further investigations.