bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODULES OF THE RESIDUAL CLASSESʼ SYSTEM AS AN INFORMATION ACCURACY TOOL
Authors: Zaharchenko M. V. , Hordiichuk V. V. , Danylchuk О. G.
Published: September 2020

An analysis of the means and principles of electronic intelligence, as well as technologies, that allow access to information, shows that in modern conditions, the need for increasing the effectiveness of countering them is growing. That is why the urgent task is the search or synthesis of signal structures that provide the necessary level of resistance of information messages to the possibility of unauthorized access. To this end, the article explores the principles of signal generation based on timer and position coding. These principles are very different. In positional coding, the length of individual signal segments in the code structure can be equal , and so on. Thus, the distance between the moments of modulation is a multiple of the length and the exact number of code words . When using timer signal constructions, the code word will consist of several information sections that must correspond to the condition , where are integers. Therefore, cannot be less , but contains information about the number. The article shows the number of implementations of timer signal structures and power of the position code, entropy calculated indicating the probability of errors in various parameters. Also considered is a modular time consolidation method and recommendations are given for its use to increase the secrecy of information by generating uncertainty during transmission during encryption. In addition, it is proved that the use of modules of the system of residual classes will increase the efficiency of secrecy of information transmitted by a signal constructed on the basis of timer signal structures.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE EFFICIENCY INDICATOR OF THE RADIO ELECTRONIC PROTECTION OF THE COMMAND SYSTEM OF FORCE GROUPING WHEN USING THE QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO ASSESSING ITS CONDITION
Authors: Ishchenco D. A. , Kyryliuk V. A. , Protsenko M. М. , Diukov I. M
Published: September 2020

The article describes the procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of radio-electronic protection of the command system of force grouping based on the use of the relative reduction of losses of radio-electronic objects (radio-electronic means). It is suggested to evaluate the effectiveness of the condition of determining the sufficiency of radio-electronic protection of the command system from destructive effects of the enemy on its elements. The approach to determining the sufficiency of radio-electronic protection of the command system of force grouping in the conditions of influence on its elements of fire weapons damage means and enemy radio-electronic suppression is considered. The sufficiency of radio-electronic protection is established upon reaching the number of stored able-bodied radio-electronic means not less than specified, which provides the necessary level of organization of the command system of force and determines the state of the command system. The comparison of states is carried out on a quantitative index. The conclusion is made about the possibility of estimation of the damage of the command system as the share of losses - the number of incapable radio-electronic means from the total number of radio-electronic means constituting the command system. The determination of the damage to the radio-electronic means of the command system is formalized in accordance with the verbal provisions of the regulations. The damage to the radio-electronic means of the command system is determined by the percentage of its total amount lost from a fire damage (kinetic impact) and the percentage of the amount of radio-electronic means of the command system left after the fire damage (kinetic impact, but lost from radio-electronic suppression (electromagnetic impact). For the correct application of the proposed approach, restrictions and assumptions have been introduced that do not change the physical meaning of the command system and its effects by means of fire damage and radio-electronic suppression of the enemy. It is suggested to determine the state of the system of management by the number of able-bodied radio-electronic objects (radio-electronic means) operating in the system in different conditions of the environment.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN EMPING MELINJO UNTUK MENJADIKAN KULINER YANG LEBIH BERVARIASI DAN DIMINATI KONSUMEN
Authors: Gofur Rifqi Maullidi
Published: September 2020

Kreativitas adalah daya cipta dan kemampuan untuk menciptakan sesuatu dari tidak ada menjadi ada, biasanya kreativitas akan memunculkan inovasi yaitu kemampuan untuk memperbaharui hal-hal yang telah ada. Bila kraetivitas merupakan daya atau kemampuan, maka inovasi itu hasil dari sebuah produk. Kreativitas begitu penting dalam hidup manusia, kenapa? Tanpa kreativitas kita akan larut dan tertinggal arus perubahan, tanpa kreativitas pula kita tidak akan mampu bertahan mengahadi perubahan zaman yang semakin cepat.Pada dasarnya, kita semua kreatif. Kreatif tidak lebih dari proses berfikir dalam menghasilkan sesuatu. Menghasilkan bukan berarti dari yang tidak ada menjadi ada, kiat bisa menghasilkan bentuk baru, format baru, bahan baru, dan sebagainya yang “Baru”. Bahkan ada yang mengatakan bahwa kreativitas adalah suatu perjalanan menemukan sesuatu yang belum ditemukan oleh orang lain.Berpijak dengan penjelasan diatas, kebanyakan orang tidak menyadari bahwa mereka memiliki kemampuan untuk berkreativitas, sehingga apa yang mereka lakukan tidak berkembang dan tidak memiliki keunikan pada hal tersebut. Sedangkan setiap orang memiliki keberagaman dalam menciptakan kreativitas, akan tetapi mereka belum bisa mengaplikasikan kreativitas nya.
ERROR ANALYSIS OF THE STUDENT’S WRITING IN PASSIVE VOICE AT SMK PASUNDAN 1KOTA SERANG
Authors: Handayani Irma , Saputri Sisca Wulansari , Qonaatun Aa
Published: September 2020

In constructing correct passive voice, students need to master grammar. In this case, learning passive voice always creates errors. The objectives of this research were to know the types of Passive Voice that taught in SMK Pasundan 1 kotaSerang ateleventhgrade and to find out the causes of errors made by the student’s Writing Passive Voice especially Simple Past Tense. The subjects of this research consisted of 15 students at eleventh grades of SMK Pasundan 1 Kota Serang. The method of this research was Qualitative by using Case Study Method. To collect the data the writer used test as an instrument, while the writer was analyzed errors of the students it is based on the Surface Strategy Taxonomy. The results of this research are Misformation errors consisted 41 errors or 58,57 %, followed by Omission errors consisted 23 errors or 32,58 %, Misordering error consisted 5 errors or 7,14 % and Addition error consisted 1 errors or 1,43 %. Based on the result of the research the dominant errors was Misformation consisted 58,57%. The conclusion of this research was this research related to a cause error made by the students and one of the cause was less understanding about grammar especially Simple Past Tense.
SOCIAL VARIATIONS OF LANGUAGE USER (EDUCATION, JOB, AND SOCIAL PRANATA)
Authors: Oktaviana Fadilla , Rohiyatussakinah Ina
Published: September 2020

This study aims to describe the social variation of language based on education level, type of work, and social institutions on Facebook users with an age range of 24-50 years. The source of data in this study is the status written on social media in this case facebook. The data collection technique is done by referring to the note taking technique. The data analysis technique used is content analysis. The results of the analysis show that the educational background, the type of work that is owned and the social institutions possessed by the users of the language are very influential in the content of writing, choice of words and writing when communicating. Although not a single factor because there are still many other factors that affect such as psychology, writing style, and others.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE USE THE FIRST LANGUAGE IN INDONESIAN EFL CLASSROOMS
Authors: Nuraida Ida
Published: September 2020

Despite widespread use only English in Teaching EFL, the use of first language in EFL class has been a perennial topic of discussion in the field of language education. Most established L2 teaching methods discourage the use of L1 in class.  This research attempt to explore the use of first language in Indonesian in the EFL Classroom as well as lecturer and students response toward it. The presents study aimed to find out how the lecturer view first language in language classrooms. This research use experimental methods and to take the sample is use random sampling, The objective of the research includes2 Indonesian EFL Lecturer and 48Indonesian EFL students at first semester   of  teacher training education faculty in  Banten Jaya University. The process to gate the data through the interview and questionnaires. The research finding had good result, indicated that English language give the positive response for the students. The resultalso emphasizing to the comprehension the meaning of English language
AN ANALYSIS OF TEST TAKER’S ERROR ON STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION OF TOEFL TEST AT JLC (JIMS LANGUAGE COURSE)
Authors: Qonaatun Aa
Published: September 2020

The objective of the research are to find out “Which area do the test takers make error in Structure and Written Expression of the TOEFL Test”, and to find out “The describing of the test takers’ error of TOEFL test at JLC”,  the writer conducted the research at JIMS Language Course. The populations of this research is TOEFL test takers at JLC, which consist of 30 participants from population grand total, the methodology used by the writer is content analysis and descriptive qualitative, which will find out about which area do the test takers make error in structure and written expression of the TOEFL test and to find out the describing of the test takers’ error of TOEFL test at JLC. The data is collected by analyzes the error of participants’ test. The test is structure and written expression, the data is analyzed by using the table of relative frequency. The result shows that the TOEFL test-takers at JLC still have poor ability in structure and written expression or could be said that the result of the research is poor. The Instructor explains structure and written expression clearly and then gave them a lot of exercise to make them understand.
THE ROLE OF SOCIODRAMA IN ENGLISH SPEAKING CLASS
Authors: Nehe Berita Mambarasi
Published: September 2020

This study aims to improve the process of students’ speaking skill through sociodrama method on students of English Department of STKIP SetiaBudhiRangkasbitung in Banten region. The participants include 33 students in the third semester. This study uses qualitative descriptive to draw the phenomenon in the classroom when sociodrama applied. Class activity, learning material, class structure in applying sociodrama, student’ perception, sociodrama value, and sociodrama tasks are described to understand the class applied by sociodrama. From the research result, it can be concluded that learning by using sociodrama based task is an effective way and provide students to produce language frequently with the groups and grow student’  motivation well.
ENGLISH LEXICAL LOANWORDS IN INDONESIAN: EXPLORING IN TOURISM MAGAZINE
Authors: Rohbiah Tatu Siti
Published: September 2020

The aim of this research is to know English lexical loanwords into Indonesian languages in tourism magazine.  In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method where she describes the corpus of English lexical loanwords into Indonesian languages in tourism magazine, suc as 9 loanwords from three tourism magazines of English lexical such as Intisari, Tamasya and Jalan-Jalan. The loanword of English lexical is not entirely derived from English itself but from French, Dutch, Latin and others. In tourism magazines use the loanword of English because of prestige. The English loanword made in Indonesian has  more prestige.
THE BINARY SYSTEM OF TRANSLATION IDEOLOGY: BETWEEN FOREIGNIZATION AND DOMESTICATION
Authors: BAIHAQI AKHMAD
Published: September 2020

This paper is intended to understand how translation ideology occurs on students’ translation text of English Master Program at Postgraduate of University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. The problem is formulated as follows; how does translation ideology occur on students’ translation text of English Master Program at Postgraduate of University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Data of the research resulted from the students’ translation text from English (SL) to Indonesian Language (TL). The result shows that the translation ideology of domestication is commonly occurred to avoid the awkwardness of the target text readers. This also makes the target texts have their readability and adjustability to TL culture and situation. On the contrary, the translation ideology of foreignization is mainly occurred to keep the relevance of the source text’s linguistic and cultural values.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BANTUAN SISWA MISKIN TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DI SMAN 1 BAROS TAHUN 2016
Authors: Gunawan Iba , Kusnadi Kusnadi
Published: September 2020

This study was aimed to find out how the condition of student learning motivation, how the implementation of the school in supporting student learning process through financing assistance, and how the relationship between financing with student motivation in SMA N 1 Baros. Thus, the sample used was part of the population with the criteria of students receiving financing assistance, and determined using the Slovin formula. So the number of samples obtained were 121 students. Methods of data collection using questionnaires and documentation questionnaires, while data analysis methods using simple regression analysis and percentage analysis. The results showed that the students' learning motivation in good condition with the percentage acquisition of 67.76 %%. The process of giving aid in good condition with the average yield of 72.56%, and financing had a positive influence on the level of student motivation in SMA N 1 Baros that was equal to 50.5%
PENGARUH PERSEPSI KOMPETENSI DASAR DOSEN TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA
Authors: Febriani Reni , Sudaryono Sudaryono , Rohmah Siti
Published: September 2020

This study aims determine the effect of Lecturer on the Motivation of Student Learning Result of Accounting Education Program Education Faculty at Banten Jaya University. This research uses quantitative approach method. The subjects of the study are students of Accounting Education Program Education Faculty at Banten Jaya University. In this research data technique used is questionnaire or questionnaire to 69 respondentsfrom 82 Accounting Education study program students.The method used in this research is descriptive research method, and practical analysis of data analysis, validity test, reliability test, normality test, homogeneity test, analysis, simple linear regression analysis, significance test (f test, t test, coefficient of determination).From the results of data analysis that has been done to obtain the results that include the category "High Quality Basic Competence Lecturer" with a percentage of 78.63%. Meanwhile, the motivation of student learning outcomes is categorized as "Highly Motivated" with a score of 3.98. The results obtained from the obtained motivation of 0.686 which means that Lecturer Basic Competence (X) to Motivation Student Outcomes (Y) is equal to 68.8% and the rest of 31.2% by other variables not examined. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between Basic Competence of Lecturers to Motivation Student Results this is because the value of t count> t table (7.711> 1.667) or significance <0.05 (0.000 <0.05) so that Ho is rejected.
MATRIKS VISUALISASI PLOTTING KENDARAAN PADA SISTEM CUSTOMER ORDER (TRUCKING) DI PT. BUANA CENTRA SWAKARSA (2018)
Authors: Tarigan Rehulina
Published: September 2020

In the business of transportation, accurate information about the availability of vehicles at a time is very important. This is closely related to the quality of service to customers in terms of order fulfillment, whether the customer's order can be met or served well or not.There are 2 parts that serve to serve the needs of customers, namely the marketing and transportation operations. The marketing always tries to find new customers or retain existing customers by providing the best service: cargo customers can be transported in accordance with the number of vehicles required and in accordance with the agreed schedule. The operationaltransportation undertakes the scheduling of vehicle, vehicle plotting and drivers. In addition, transportation operations should be able to provide correct data or information about the availability of vehicles to marketing. If the data is inaccurate, it can lead to internal conflicts between the two parties. For example, marketing has promised 10 vehicles to fulfill the customer's order at one time, but when the cargo of the customer has to be transported, the number of vehicle is insufficient. A visualization matrix is ​​needed to answer the problem.By looking at the matrix, then all parties will know how many units of vehicles are available at a time, so that the transport of customer cargo can be planned better
RANCANGAN APLIKASI MONITORING PRODUKSI DAN PENGIRIMAN DENGAN METODE SHORTAGE DI PT. INDAH KIAT PULP & PAPER SERANG MILL TBK
Authors: Kania Kania , Nuryani Ely , Azwarsyah Azwarsyah
Published: September 2020

Design of production and delivery monitoring applications at PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper Serang Mill Tbk aims to reduce problems in the production control process. The problems faced are as follows; the production process carried out by several parts results in slow processing of products, often duplicate data orders that can harm the company, the production of damaged products is not recorded, the number of reprimands from customers due to delay in delivery time due to ordering deficiencies the company must reset the production schedule. Based on these problems computer-based method (IT) shortage is needed. System design uses the waterfall method or SDLC (System Development Life Cycle). Software modeling uses UML (unified model language). The application has advantages such as the more structured and well-documented because the procedure is in accordance with the rules made by the Converting Division at PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper. This application is expected to be able to overcome all existing constraints, especially in managing production data. Based on the things mentioned above, the authors are interested in compiling articles about the design of Production and Delivery Monitoring Applications with the Shortage Method at PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper Serang Mill Tbk.
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA APRIORI UNTUK MENCARI POLA PENJUALAN PRODUK DANA PADA PT BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (PERSERO) TBK KANCA JAKARTA PASAR MINGGU
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: September 2020

Various funding products which are offered by a bank sometimes make the clients tend to change their choices into other products from different banks. We need to make specific strategy so that we can dominate the market of this funding product. There will be selling reduction in this product if the used strategy is not appropriate. A company can use Data Mining process in order to reach the maximum profit of the fund’s selling products. One of the processes is by using priory algorithm. The association rules can be found by using this priory algorithm. Then, the rules can be used as a fund selling pattern towards the clients. The purpose of priory algorithm is to find the frequent item sets that are run in a group of data. Priory analysis defined as a process of finding all the priory rules which is qualified to support and to confidence.
PENERAPAN DATA MINING MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA C4.5 TEHADAP PENGARUH PENJUALAN KOPI PADA PT. JPW INDONESIA
Authors: Ifongki Ikong
Published: September 2020

Data mining is a series of processes to explore the added value of a data set in the form of knowledge that has not been known manually. The use of data mining techniques is expected to provide knowledge - knowledge that was previously hidden in the data warehouse, so that it becomes valuable information. C4.5 algorithm is a decision tree classification algorithm that is widely used because it has the main advantages of other algorithms. The advantages of the C4.5 algorithm can produce decision trees that are easily interpreted, have an acceptable level of accuracy, are efficient in handling discrete type attributes and can handle discrete and numeric type attributes. The output of the C4.5 algorithm is a decision tree like other classification techniques, a decision tree is a structure that can be used to divide a large data set into smaller sets of records by applying a series of decision rules, with each series of division members of the resulting set become similar to each other. In this case study what is discussed is the effect of coffee sales by processing 106 data from 1087 coffee sales data at PT. JPW Indonesia. Data samples taken will be calculated manually using Microsoft Excel and Rapidminer software. The results of the calculation of the C4.5 algorithm method show that the Quantity and Price attributes greatly affect coffee sales so that sales at PT. JPW Indonesia is still often unstable.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN BAHAN BAKU PRODUKSI DENGAN METODE WEIGHTED PRODUCT PADA PT. LUHAI INDUSTRI
Authors: Ruhiawati Irma Yunita , Romdoni Mochamad Yusuf
Published: September 2020

This study aims to be able to assist PT Luhai Industri Indonesia in processing data of new raw materials by making appropriate decisions with prices that are quite economical but with good enough quality, while the data processing techniques here use the decision support system method to determine adequate raw material production good and efficient. So not only is the information needed faster, the time needed to process the data will be faster. In the process of building a decision support system for the selection of raw materials for production using a system development method with a weighted product that uses a multiplication formula to link the rating of each attribute, where the rating must be raised first with the weight of the attribute concerned, in this study will use a method approach Waterfall in the development of the system from collecting data for user needs to the data to be processed into an attribute and weighting with the weighted product method in determining decisions on the final result of the software to be made, while the tools used in research to describe the flow of the system this is by using a structured method namely UML (Unfield Method Language) in describing the functional program model. This decision support system software will be built with Visual Studio 2010 programming language with a client server system so to adjust the system here will use MySQl as the database.
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI INVENTORY BARANG PADA CV. MR LESTARI BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Tarigan Rehulina , Ardiansyah Deni
Published: September 2020

Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dari tahun ke tahun yang semakin cepat dan menjadi tantangan berat bagi pengguna teknologi informasi itu sendiri. Perkembangan ini juga mendorong setiap sektor organisasi ataupun usaha baik formal maupun informal atau lembaga lainnya untuk dapat memanfaatkannya sebagai penunjang pengembangan usaha atau kinerja sehingga menghasilkan informasi yang cepat, tepat dan akurat. CV. MR Lestari adalah usaha kecil menengah di bidang pembuatan dan supplier pakaian dan aksesoris. Penulis mencoba menganalisa dan melihat sistem yang ada, ternyata masih mengalami beberapa masalah dan kendala, salah satunya yaitu belum adanya sistem informasi berbasis komputer yang dapat membantu mengelola data barang pada CV. MR Lestari. Selama ini semua pencatatan barang masuk, barang keluar dan stok dilakukan secara manual dengan menuliskan datanya pada buku besar. Pencatatan manual ini menimbulkan beberapa masalah seperti membutuhkan waktu lama dalam mencari histori data karena harus memeriksa halaman per halaman dari buku besar untuk mencari data suatu item. Pemilik juga harus meminta terlebih dahulu kepada admin atau pegawainya berkaitan dengan kebutuhan laporan data barang masuk, barang keluar dan jumlah stok di gudang. Hal ini membutuhkan waktu lama karena laporan tidak bersifat realtime. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perlu dicari pemecahan dalam mengatasi masalah yaitu perlu adanya sistem informasi berbasis komputer sehingga dapat membantu mengelola data barang sehingga menjadi laporan dengan cepat (realtime), tepat dan akurat sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah metode waterfall dan pemodelan menggunakan UML (Unified Modeling Language) yang diharapkan dapat membantu untuk perancangan aplikasi ini. Hasil dari pengembangan sistem dapat memberikan laporan yang tepat, akurat dan bersifat realtime bagi user yang membutuhkan sesuai dengan otorisasi yang diberikan oleh sistem aplikasi.
Stress amongst adolescents – An alarm for health service preparedness
Authors: Jain Seema , Jain Bhavna
Published: September 2020

Adolescence can be described as a transitional period from childhood to adulthood. WHO defines adolescence as the period of life between 10-19 years (1). India alone is home to more than 250 million adolescents or 20% of the global adolescent population (1). It is critically important stage of life as they face rapidly changing challenges in their social, physical mental and psychological environments. Their cultural beliefs, family structure and support, peer relationships and educational opportunities influence their behaviour and adjustment. During this stage of life, they not only develop autonomy, self-control, social interaction and learning, but also the capabilities formed in this period directly influence their mental health for the rest of their lives as many of these tend to run a chronic or relapsing course in adulthood (2).
Utilization of Reproductive and Child Health Services and Client Satisfaction under Different Level of Health Facilities
Authors: Singh Vaibhav , Baranwal Harshita , Srivastava Dhiraj Kumar , Jain Pankaj Kumar , Mathew Debora J , Saxena Saurabh
Published: September 2020

Background: The utilization of any social services, including health services, has never been equitably distributed throughout society. People with access to the facilities are generally found to make greater use of them than people who have neither knowledge nor access to the facilities. Objective: To study the utilization pattern of RCH services, to identify factors influencing the utilization of RCH services in district Etawah and to describe level of client satisfaction about the various RCH services provided by Health Facility. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in two blocks of Etawah i.e., Basrehar and Jaswant Nagar. Purposive sampling method was used and 260 participants were interviewed during the study period i.e., from May 2018 to April 2019.All the antenatal mothers and mothers with child up to 24 months attending OPD of selected health facility were included in the study. Result: Mean age of participants was found to be 24.9 ± 3.6 years. The proportion of previous delivery that was institutional was found to be 71.7% where as 28.3% had previous home delivery. Most common place for institutional delivery was found to be CHC. Conclusion: Utilization of RCH services were found to be not adequate in the study.
Spectacle wear and factors associated with non-compliance among children of 5-15 years
Authors: Mehnaz Saira , Siddiqui Ziya , Abedi Ali Jafar , Ansari Mohammad Athar
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Refractive errors are the commonest cause of visual impairment in school children worldwide. They are correctible and after screening, spectacles can easily enhance vision. This can be achieved only when spectacles are used regularly.  Objective: This study was conducted to study the compliance of spectacles wear among children and to determine the reasons associated with non-compliance. Methodology: 400 children in the age group of 5-15 years with refractive errors attending the eye OPD, using spectacles for more than three months were included. Spectacle wear and reasons of noncompliance were enquired. Data was analyzed to determine the factors associated with spectacle wear compliance. Results: Among 232 boys and 168 girls 142 were from rural and 258 from urban areas. 244(61%) children were compliant. Compliance was better in older children and those from urban areas. Children of educated parents and with power more than -1.0 D were more likely to be compliant. Main reason for not wearing spectacles was ‘lost or broken spectacles’ and dislike for spectacle. Conclusion: Counselling of parents, teachers and peers will be an effective step towards improvement of compliance of spectacles use.
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and its associated risk factors
Authors: Singh Mahendra , Kishore Surekha , Jain Bhavan , Kishore Sanjeev , Aggarwal Pradeep , K Verma Shikhar
Published: September 2020

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, debilitating non communicable diseases (NCDs) which has emerged as a leading global health problem. Aim & Objective: To find out the prevalence of known cases of diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in the study area. Material & Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among people living in Barrage colony of Rishikesh, Uttarakhand for a period of 3 months from December 2018 to February 2019. House to house survey was done in all the four blocks (A, B, C, D) of Barrage colony. Total of 815 study participants (both male and female) ≥ 20 years of age were surveyed. Data collected was entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using epi info software version 7. Results: The prevalence of DM was found to be high i.e 5.6% among the study participants. Prevalence was significantly more among females as compared to males and significantly increased by aging in both genders. Conclusions: It seems that the prevalence of diabetes is increasing in our region as well as our country and the world. To control DM public health education regarding consumption of balanced diet, increasing physical activity and leading a stress-free life is needed.
Piecing the evidences: Barriers to utilization of Antenatal Care Services by Currently Married Women in Rural Uttarakhand- A community-based study
Authors: Juyal Ruchi , Semwal Jayanti , Kandpal Sunil Dutt , Kumar Srivastava Ashok , Deep Shikha  , Vallabh Vidisha
Published: September 2020

Background: High maternal mortality has always been an area of concern in developing countries. Availability and availment of adequate antenatal care play a significant role in reduction of maternal deaths. Aim & Objective: To know the extent of antenatal care (ANC) services utilization by the currently married women of rural Uttarakhand during their last pregnancy, to find the barriers for utilization of ANC services and correlate the socio-demographic variables with the non-utilization of ANC services. Methods and Material: This correlational study was conducted in rural areas of 3 randomly selected districts in Uttarakhand. Multistage stratified and simple random samplings were used for area selection and PPS technique was used to recruit the participants. Overall, 637 currently married women (CMW) who delivered in last 5 years prior to survey, were interviewed by trained social workers. Chi-square test was used to ascertain association between variables and regression analysis was done to adjust for confounding associations. Results: Overall 496 (77.9%) women availed one or more ANC services during their last pregnancy, but the complete package was availed by only 210 (33%) of the CMW. Majority of the women who did not avail any ANC services were older, illiterate, labourer, spouse of labourer/ unemployed person and belonged to lower socio-economic status. Unawareness was the most commonly cited reason for not availing ANC services followed by financial issues and unfelt need. Conclusions: Women in Uttarakhand are pliant to ANC services, but there is a need to create demand for it by increasing awareness and improving the quality of ANC services.
Risky driving behaviour among the motorized two-wheeler novice riders in Davanagere city, Karnataka- Cross-sectional study
Authors: Venkatesh Nandini , Kumar Sumit
Published: September 2020

Introduction-Road traffic accidents (RTA) account for more significant mortality and morbidity rates worldwide, resulting in considerable global burden. In Indi, motor vehicle accidents are one of the common reasons for mortality among young riders. The present study provides insight into different aspects of risky driving behavior from individual attitudes, and psychological factors like anger, mood, and emotions. Methodology- A cross-sectional study was conducted among college students; findings from this study say young males are more involved in risky driving behavior. Results- Number of males are involved in risky driving behaviour and mobile phone usage while riding is more significant the results focus on the role that risky driving behaviour plays in two-wheeler motor vehicle accidents and suggests the need for further research in this area of risky driving behaviour to improve road safety education and law enforcement policies that focus upon ensuring good driving behaviours.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: An emerging Public health problem in India
Authors: Rastogi Aayushi , Kapil Umesh
Published: September 2020

NAFLD was earlier believed to be the disease of adults only however in 1983, the existence of this disease was seen in paediatric population. Nearly four decades have passed since the first description of the Paediatric NAFLD (P-NAFLD), yet it is one of the areas which is given least priority in the country. The P-NAFLD is reversible and can be prevented by lifestyle and behaviour modification and hence there is a need to this review highlights the importance of P-NAFLD in the country and need for formulating strategies for prevention and control of P-NAFLD in the country. All published articles in the MEDLINE database on P-NAFLD in India were included. The important findings were summarized and critically analysed. The existing review suggests, the prevalence of P-NAFLD is uncertain in the country. NAFLD is a phenotypic product of complex interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). This review summarizes the importance of P-NAFLD in India and discusses the predisposition of these risk factors in Indian children. Further population-based studies on prevalence and incidence are required on general paediatric population to quantify the magnitude of the disease in India for better management of the condition.
Prevalence of obesity and need for screening using tools like Indian Diabetes Risk Scale in Diabetes prevention among medical students
Authors: Prabhakar Vikrant , Virk Amrit , Singh Parmal
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The prevalence of lifestyle diseases in increasing throughout the world. They are increasingly taking over communicable diseases as the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Medical students usually have sedentary lifestyle coupled with high level of stress, owing to academic requirements. Hence, they are at a much higher risk of developing lifestyle diseases. Materials and Methods: Study subjects were administered a validated questionnaire to collect information related with the components of IDRS. Based on the score, they were divided into high risk, moderate risk and low risk. Data was analysed using the SPSS version 21. Result: Half of all the students were in the moderate risk group. The rest was distributed among low risk (17.33 %) and high risk (27.33%). Among those with low risk of developing T2DM, 73% were males, whereas females constituted 70.7% of those with high risk of developing T2DM. The association of developing T2DM was also highly significant with obesity. Statistically significant association of high T2DM risk were found with gender being female, family history of T2DM and BMI≥23 Kg/m2 Conclusion: IDRS has been shown to be an effective tool for screening populations. Hence, regular programs with IDRS along with blood sugar and lipid profile of moderate and high risk group along with stress management can be effective in supporting medical students to cope with demanding study and work conditions among medical students and doctors.
Common Mental Disorders and Its Socio-Demographic Correlates Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Urban And Rural Area Of Meerut
Authors: Agarwal Vertika , Jain Seema , Kumar Garg Sunil , Singh Ganesh , Mittal Chhaya
Published: September 2020

Background: Common Mental disorders are distress states manifesting with anxiety, depressive and unexplained somatic symptoms categorized as ‘neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders’ in ICD-10. These are 2-3 times more common in women than in men and also more in urban area than rural. Women of reproductive age are at higher risk especially those with social disadvantage, low income and low education. Aims & Objectives: To assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated socio-demographic factors among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) residing in urban and rural area of Meerut. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in urban and rural area of Meerut from June 2018 to October 2019. 267 women in reproductive age (15-49years) were interviewed in urban as well as rural area using a predesigned pretested questionnaire regarding socio-demographic profile. Self- Reporting Questionnaire-20 was used to determine presence of common mental disorders. Results: Overall prevalence of common mental disorders among women of reproductive age group was 19.8%(106) with 24.2%(65) in urban and 15.4%(41) in rural area. Statistical analysis revealed that various socio-demographic variables like belonging to urban area (24.2%),being widowed/separated (urban-85.7%;rural-75.0%), belonging to broken family(urban-54.5%%; rural-58.3%), being employed(urban-39.6%;rural-33.3%) and lower socio-economic status(urban-54.5%;rural-40.0%) were significantly associated with presence of common mental disorders. In urban women increasing age was also associated with common mental disorders. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of common mental disorders in both urban and rural area and a significant association with various socio-demographic variables.
Predictors of Male Sterilization among Eligible, Modern Method of Family Planning Users in India: Evidence from a Nationwide Survey
Authors: Biswas Bijit , Kumar Abhishek , Agarwal Neeraj
Published: September 2020

Background: Male sterilization despite being more cost-effective compared to female sterilization is opted by very few Indian eligible couple as family planning (FP) method. Aims & Objectives: To find out attributes of male sterilization among current eligible modern family planning methods users in India. Material & Methods: It was an observational study, cross-sectional in design based on fourth round of national family health survey (NFHS-4) 2015-16 men’s datasheet. There were in total 112122 data, of which 11772 sample population who had completed their family, been using modern methods of family planning and wife in reproductive age (15-49) were selected for analysis. Results: Among the study subjects, 377(3.2%) underwent male sterilization. In multivariable model those who were residing in southern India; Hindu by religion; scheduled caste (SC)/scheduled tribe (ST) by caste; belonged to lower quintile of wealth index; covered by a health insurance scheme; perceived ≤2 children as ideal number of children; husbands not working and employed seasonally/occasionally were more likely to undergo male sterilization adjusted with the age of husband, wife, their place of residence and property ownership status. Conclusion: Male sterilization in the sample population was significantly predicted by the region, religion, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, husbands employment status etc.
Association of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms with Body Mass Index (for age cut offs) in non-clinical sample of adolescents studying in public schools of Delhi; cross sectional study
Authors: Khanna Preeti , Aeri Bani Tamber
Published: September 2020

Objectives: The present study was designed with the objective to study the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents and to explore the association of these disorders with Body Mass Index. Settings and Design: School setting and Cross-Sectional study design. Participants: 546 adolescents, aged 13-15 years, studying in public schools (n=5) in Delhi (Purposive sampling). Methods and Material: Anthropometric measurements: Height of the subjects was measured using a stadiometer in cm (to nearest 0.5cm). Weight was assessed using TANITA’s Body Fat Monitor (UM-076). After gathering height and weight data, BMI (kg/m2) Z scores were calculated and classified into four categories: Underweight, Normal weight, Overweight and Obesity based on WHO’s growth standards for BMI for age cutoffs. Mental Health Assessment: For this purpose, we used the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for ages 6-18 years; parent report version. Results: A V shaped curve (trend) was observed between the association of depression and anxiety scores in four BMI categories; with majority of the malnourished adolescents having higher scores for depression and anxiety symptoms. It was interesting to note that any deviation from normal weight, either underweight or overweight/obese was significantly associated with depression (p = <0.001) and anxiety (p = <0.001) scores. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the association between body weight and depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents studying in public schools of Delhi. It adds to the growing body of research in the area of nutritional psychiatry which needs to be promoted for the prevention and management of these disorders through a healthy diet.
A study on predictors of treatment outcome among children registered under DOTS in district Tarn Taran, Punjab
Authors: Sadana Pooja , Verma Vishal , Nagpal Manisha
Published: September 2020

Background: Globally, tuberculosis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality for children. Diagnosis and management of childhood TB especially Extra pulmonary tuberculosis is challenging. Method:  A cross-sectional study was conducted on 0-14 year children who were registered and being treated, in district Tarn Taran, Punjab from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. The treatment outcome with their clinico-demographic determinants was ascertained. Data management and analysis was done by using Microsoft excel and SPSS. Results: Out of 62 registered patients, 62.9% of the children were in age group of 11-14 years. 67.7% were females. The various treatment outcomes observed were-cured 32.3%, treatment completed 61.3%, lost to follow up 1.6%, regimen changed 1.6%, not evaluated 3.2%. The success rate (cured+ treatment completed) was 93.6%. On statistical analysis, it was observed that age (p= 0.002), site of disease (p=0.000), contact history (p=0.012) and diagnostic method (0.000) was significantly associated with the treatment outcome whereas gender, area of residence and type of case had no association with the treatment outcome in children. Conclusions:  We also found that the overall treatment success rate was 93.6%. Increased focus be on those with household contact with TB.
Financial incentive- Does this have impact on outcome of Tuberculosis?
Authors: Modi Bhavesh V , Modi Bhautik , Dave Paresh V
Published: September 2020

Background: Although most public services provide tests and TB drugs free of charge worldwide, opportunity costs pose barriers to accessing TB services and treatment. 'Kumar Raajratna Bhimrao Ambedkar Vaidakiya Sahay Yojana (KRBAVSY)' popularly known as Free Medical Aid Scheme is in operation in Gujarat since early 70s for SC and since 1991 for SEBC to provide monetary incentive. Primary objective: Evaluation of utilization and effectiveness of Financial incentives given under Free Medical Aids scheme on RNTCP in Gujarat. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken in which all TB patients registered under RNTCP in Gandhinagar district were evaluated for their eligibility for KRBAVSY scheme, and whether eligible patients got benefit or not. Also, treatment outcome of patients were compared. Results: Out of total 1430 patients inquired, 896 (62.7%) patients were found eligible for the scheme, while only 87 (9.7%) patients confirmed that they had got the benefit of scheme. Eligible patients who got benefit under scheme had almost five times higher odds of successful outcome of TB treatment. Conclusion: The TB patients who got benefit of KRBAVSY scheme had significantly better successful treatment outcome in comparison to the TB patients who did not get benefit.
The epidemiologist and the pandemic
Authors: Misra Puneet
Published: September 2020

Like Cholera outbreak of London in 1854, Spanish flu in 1920 or many other pandemic and epidemics thereafter including the current pandemic of COVID 19, it has again reminded to the world about the role of epidemiologist and epidemiological principles in controlling any such event where there is no cure available and thus saving the mankind. It points towards the urgent need of strengthening our public health infrastructure.  This should be started with recruitment of competent epidemiologists on priority at district, state and country level. We should make use of full potential of members of IPHA and IAPSM mainly by providing data and help in policy making.  This would help in developing capacity for timely action in best interest of our population for any threat of outbreak, epidemic or pandemic in current scenario and in future.
COVID -19- Infodemic overtaking Pandemic? Time to disseminate facts over fear
Authors: Kulkarni Praveen , Prabhu Sudhir , Kumar Sunil , Ramraj Balaji
Published: September 2020

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a humanitarian emergency. World Health Organization (WHO) and National Governments are making their best efforts to prevent the spread of disease. But a global epidemic of misinformation which is rapidly spreading through social media platforms and other outlets is posing serious problem to the public health interventions. This rapid spread of all sorts of information pertaining to the epidemic which makes its solution difficult is termed as infodemic. Infodemic creates fear, confusion and stigmatization among people and makes them more vulnerable to practice the measures which are not evidence based and scientifically sound. Hence there is an urgent need to identify the source of misinformation and prevent them from further spreading. WHO and the government of India have taken several steps in controlling this problem but there is a need for active involvement of social media companies, professional bodies, health care providers and general public in identification of misinformation and combating its spread.
Stigma reduction and provision of mental health services in the public health response to COVID-19
Authors: M Shreyaswi Sathyanath , Sathyanath Shashwath
Published: September 2020

Stigma reduction and provision of mental health services are unique challenges associated with the new COVID 19 pandemic. Stigma and discrimination may affect the patients diagnosed with COVID 19, those who have been placed under quarantine as well as the frontline. Effective, accurate and timely communication delivered in a coordinated manner along with community engagement is the cornerstone for stigma reduction and promotion of mental health. Although several steps have been taken to address stigma and promote mental health, it is imperative that a clearly defined strategy be put in place to integrate mental health services into the public health response to COVID 19.