bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satisfaction and restoration of the world
Authors: PAWL FAITH GLAVEY
Published: September 2019

Eleonore Stump's Atonement locates the problem to be solved by Christ's passion and death in human proneness to sin, and in human guilt and shame. In addition to offering a way to fix what is broken in a person's psyche, Stump's understanding of satisfaction allows her to show how Christ's passion and death restore relationship between humans and God and between humans and what they have wrecked by sin. I argue that her story should be extended to show how the Atonement can restore the damaged relationships humans have with the rest of creation – not just with fellow humans.
What Is a Theory of Normative Concepts For?
Authors: Chrisman Matthew
Published: September 2019

This paper compares and contrasts two recent approaches to the theory of normative concepts with each other and with more traditional theories in metaethics, in order to highlight several different projects one could be engaged in when developing a theory of normative concepts. The two accounts derive from Millgram, The Great Endarkenment (Oxford University Press, 2015) and Chrisman The Meaning of ‘Ought’ (Oxford University Press, 2016). These accounts share in rejecting traditional attempts to explain what ‘ought’ is about or expresses. Instead these accounts treat ‘ought’ as a quantificational word. However, the nature and range of the quantification are importantly different in the two accounts, which impacts on the ways in which the accounts integrate with the various projects one could be engaged in when developing a theory of normative concepts.
Expressivism and Crossed Disagreements
Authors: Osorio Javier , Villanueva Neftali
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this paper is to explore the connection between expressivism and disagreement. More in particular, the aim is to defend that one of the desiderata that can be derived from the study of disagreement, the explanation of ‘crossed disagreements’, can only be accommodated within a semantic theory that respects, at the meta-semantic level, certain expressivistic restrictions. We will compare contemporary dynamic expressivism with three different varieties of contextualist strategies to accommodate the specificities of evaluative language –indexical contextualism – truth-conditional pragmatics –, pragmatic strategies using implicatures, and presuppositional accounts. Our conclusion will be that certain assumptions of expressivism are necessary in order to provide a semantic account of evaluative uses of language that can allow us to detect and prevent crossed disagreements.
Grasping a Chestnut Burr
Authors: Michalland Arthur-Henri , Thébault Guillaume , Briglia Johan , Fraisse Philippe , Brouillet Denis
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This work aimed to assess the role of manual laterality in action coding strategies and, subsequently, in environmental features relevant for each hand’s action. Relying on Eder and Hommel’s (2013) proposal, we distinguished stimulus-related and end state-related consequences in a Simon paradigm where right-handed participants were divided into two groups, one responding with gloves and one without. Two objects were presented pictorially: one for which sensory consequences of grasping were negatively valenced (a chestnut burr), and one for which they were positively valenced (an apricot). By these means, stimulus and end-state effects could be assessed separately, along with the relevance of each feature of the experimental settings. Results showed that the use of one’s dominant or non dominant hand gives rise to different repercussions of stimulus-related and end state-related effects on response: Responses made with the right (dominant) hand were based on an elaborated coding (representing features of stimulus-related and end state-related consequences of action). In contrast, responses made with the left (non dominant) hand seemed to be based on a less elaborated coding (not taking into account end-state consequences of an action).
Lack of Automatic Vocal Response Learning While Reading	Aloud
Authors: Kühnel Anja , Gaschler Robert , Frensch Peter A. , Cohen Asher , Wenke Dorit
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Research on implicit sequence learning with the Serial Reaction Task (SRT) has demonstrated that people automatically acquire knowledge about fixed repeating sequences of responses and can transfer response sequence knowledge to novel stimuli. Such demonstrations are, however, mostly limited to setups with visual stimuli and manual responses. Here we systematically follow up on scarce attempts to demonstrate implicit sequence learning in word reading. While the literature on implicit sequence learning can be taken to suggest that sequence knowledge is acquired and affecting performance in word reading, we show that neither is the case in a series of four experiments. Sequence knowledge was acquired and affecting performance in color naming but not in word reading. On the one hand, we observed slowing of voice-onset times in off-sequence as compared to regularly sequenced trials when people named the color of a centrally presented disk. Yet, hardly any effect was observed when the very same sequence of words was verbalized in word reading instead. Transfer of sequence knowledge to and from color naming was not observed, either. This contrasts with sequence learning studies with manual responses, which have been taken to suggest that a fixed and repeating sequence of responses is sufficient for learning to occur even in fast choice reaction tasks and to transfer across stimuli as long as the sequence of responses remains intact. Rather, in line with dimensional action accounts of task performance, the results underline the role of translation between processing streams for implicit sequence learning.
Stable Individual Differences in Occasion Setting
Authors: Glautier Steven , Brudan Ovidiu
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In the current investigation, we classified participants as inhibitors or non-inhibitors depending on the extent to which they showed conditioned inhibition in a context that had been used for extinction of a conditioned response. This classification enabled us to predict participant responses in a second experiment which used a different design and a different experimental task. In the second experiment a feature-negative discrimination survived reversal training of the feature to a greater extent in the non-inhibitors than in the inhibitors and this result was supported by Bayesian analyses. We propose that the fundamental distinction between inhibitors and non-inhibitors is based on a tendency to utilize first-order (direct associations) or second-order (occasion-setting) strategies when faced with ambiguous information and that this classification is a stable individual differences attribute.
Inflammation-related biomarkers in major psychiatric disorders: a cross-disorder assessment of reproducibility and specificity in 43 meta-analyses
Authors: Yuan Ning , Chen Yu , Xia Yan , Dai Jiacheng , Liu Chunyu
Published: September 2019

Inflammation is a natural defence response of the immune system against environmental insult, stress and injury, but hyper- and hypo-inflammatory responses can trigger diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation is involved in multiple psychiatric disorders. Using inflammation-related factors as biomarkers of psychiatric disorders requires the proof of reproducibility and specificity of the changes in different disorders, which remains to be established. We performed a cross-disorder study by systematically evaluating the meta-analysis results of inflammation-related factors in eight major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), major depression disorder (MDD), post-trauma stress disorder (PTSD), sleeping disorder (SD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and suicide. A total of 43 meta-analyses involving 704 publications on 44 inflammation-related factors were included in the study. We calculated the effect size and statistical power for every inflammation-related factor in each disorder. Our analyses showed that well-powered case–control studies provided more consistent results than underpowered studies when one factor was meta-analysed by different researchers. After removing underpowered studies, 30 of the 44 inflammation-related factors showed significant alterations in at least one disorder based on well-powered meta-analyses. Eleven of them changed in patients of more than two disorders when compared with the controls. A few inflammation-related factors showed unique changes in specific disorders (e.g., IL-4 increased in BD, decreased in suicide, but had no change in MDD, ASD, PTSD and SCZ). MDD had the largest number of changes while SD has the least. Clustering analysis showed that closely related disorders share similar patterns of inflammatory changes, as genome-wide genetic studies have found. According to the effect size obtained from the meta-analyses, 13 inflammation-related factors would need <50 cases and 50 controls to achieve 80% power to show significant differences (p < 0.0016) between patients and controls. Changes in different states of MDD, SCZ or BD were also observed in various comparisons. Studies comparing first-episode SCZ to controls may have more reproducible findings than those comparing pre- and post-treatment results. Longitudinal, system-wide studies of inflammation regulation that can differentiate trait- and state-specific changes will be needed to establish valuable biomarkers.
Unifying description of competing orders in two-dimensional quantum magnets
Authors: Song Xue-Yang , Wang Chong , Vishwanath Ashvin , He Yin-Chen
Published: September 2019

Quantum magnets provide the simplest example of strongly interacting quantum matter, yet they continue to resist a comprehensive understanding above one spatial dimension. We explore a promising framework in two dimensions, the Dirac spin liquid (DSL) — quantum electrodynamics (QED3) with 4 Dirac fermions coupled to photons. Importantly, its excitations include magnetic monopoles that drive confinement. We address previously open key questions — the symmetry actions on monopoles on square, honeycomb, triangular and kagome lattices. The stability of the DSL is enhanced on triangular and kagome lattices compared to bipartite (square and honeycomb) lattices. We obtain the universal signatures of the DSL on triangular and kagome lattices, including those of monopole excitations, as a guide to numerics and experiments on existing materials. Even when unstable, the DSL helps unify and organize the plethora of ordered phases in correlated two-dimensional materials.
Cross-linked beta alumina nanowires with compact gel polymer electrolyte coating for ultra-stable sodium metal battery
Authors: Lei Danni , He Yan-Bing , Huang Huijuan , Yuan Yifei , Zhong Guiming , Zhao Qiang , Hao Xiaoge , Zhang Danfeng , Lai Chen , Zhang Siwei , Ma Jiabin , Wei Yinping , Yu Qipeng , Lv Wei , Yu Yan , Li Baohua , Yang Quan-Hong , Yang Yong , Lu Jun , Kang Feiyu
Published: September 2019

Sodium metal batteries have potentially high energy densities, but severe sodium-dendrite growth and side reactions prevent their practical applications, especially at high temperatures. Herein, we design an inorganic ionic conductor/gel polymer electrolyte composite, where uniformly cross-linked beta alumina nanowires are compactly coated by a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-based gel polymer electrolyte through their strong molecular interactions. These  beta alumina nanowires combined with the gel polymer layer create dense and homogeneous solid-liquid hybrid sodium-ion transportation channels through and along the nanowires, which promote uniform sodium deposition and formation of a stable and flat solid electrolyte interface on the sodium metal anode. Side reactions between the sodium metal and liquid electrolyte, as well as sodium dendrite formation, are successfully suppressed, especially at 60 °C. The sodium vanadium phosphate/sodium full cells with composite electrolyte exhibit 95.3% and 78.8% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1 C at 25 °C and 60 °C, respectively.
Heme and hemoglobin utilization by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Mitra Avishek , Ko Ying-Hui , Cingolani Gino , Niederweis Michael
Published: September 2019

Iron is essential for growth ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), but most iron in the human body is stored in heme within hemoglobin. Here, we demonstrate that the substrate-binding protein DppA of the inner membrane Dpp transporter is required for heme and hemoglobin utilization by Mtb. The 1.27 Å crystal structure of DppA shows a tetrapeptide bound in the protein core and a large solvent-exposed crevice for heme binding. Mutation of arginine 179 in this cleft eliminates heme binding to DppA and prevents heme utilization by Mtb. The outer membrane proteins PPE36 and PPE62 are also required for heme and hemoglobin utilization, indicating that these pathways converge at the cell surface of Mtb. Albumin, the most abundant blood protein, binds heme specifically and bypasses the requirements for PPE36, PPE62 and Dpp. Thus, our study reveals albumin-dependent and -independent heme uptake pathways, highlighting the importance of iron acquisition from heme for Mtb.
Author Correction: Prominent exostosis projecting from the occipital squama more substantial and prevalent in young adult than older age groups
Authors: Shahar David , Sayers Mark G. L.
Published: September 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Retraction Note: Simulation and spatiotemporal pattern of air temperature and precipitation in Eastern Central Asia using RegCM
Authors: Meng Xianyong , Long Aihua , Wu Yiping , Yin Gang , Wang Hao , Ji Xiaonan
Published: September 2019

This paper has been retracted.
Enhancement of exfoliating efficacy of L-carnitine with ion-pair method monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: In Sohyun , Yook Naeun , Kim Jin-Hyun , Shin Munju , Tak Suryeon , Jeon Jeong Hoon , Ahn Byungjun , Park Sun-Gyoo , Lee Cheon-Koo , Kang Nae-Gyu
Published: September 2019

Carnitine (CAR), an amino acid derivative, has great potential as a facial exfoliating agent owing to its calcium chelating property under weakly acidic or neutral conditions. However, its application is limited by its poor transdermal penetration. To optimise its exfoliation efficacy with minimal concentration, we propose the ion-pair method. The ionic interaction between CAR and a zwitterionic substance was successfully monitored by measuring conductivity. The alterations of penetration and exfoliation efficacy for CAR addition to different types of counter ions were investigated in vitro and in vivo. We found that hydrogenated soya phosphatidylcholine (HSC), an amphiphilic counter ion, significantly increases the stratum corneum penetration and exfoliation efficacy of CAR. The changes of the CAR-HSC ionic interaction in the presence of calcium ions were also investigated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The NMR spectra for amino groups of CAR first decreased with HSC and then gradually recovered and shifted as calcium ions were added. From the results, a noble exfoliating complex of CAR with high exfoliation efficacy could be proposed. Moreover, the results demonstrate that NMR spectroscopy is useful to obtain direct experimental evidence of the molecular dynamics simulations of the alteration of an exfoliating complex as it penetrates.
The role of the GABAA receptor Alpha 1 subunit in the ventral hippocampus in stress resilience
Authors: Ardi Z. , Richter-Levin A. , Xu L. , Cao X. , Volkmer H. , Stork O. , Richter-Levin G.
Published: September 2019

Pre-pubertal stress increases post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) susceptibility. We have previously demonstrated that enriched environment (EE) intervention immediately after pre-pubertal stress protects from the effects of trauma in adulthood. Here, we examined whether exposure to EE would also be beneficial if applied after exposure to trauma in adulthood. We have recently shown that exposure to juvenile stress and under-water trauma (UWT) is associated with increased expression of GABAA receptor subunit α1 in the ventral hippocampus. However, differentiating between affected and unaffected individuals, this increased expression was confined to stress-exposed, behaviorally unaffected individuals, suggesting upregulation of α1 expression as a potential mechanism of resilience. We now examined whether EE-induced resilience renders increased expression of α1 in the ventral hippocampus redundant when facing a trauma later in life. Adult rats were exposed to UWT, with pre-exposure to juvenile stress, and tested in the open field and elevated plus maze paradigms four weeks later. EE exposure during juvenility prevented pre-pubertal stress-induced vulnerability, but not if performed following UWT in adulthood. Furthermore, juvenile EE exposure prevented the trauma-associated increase in α1 expression levels. Our findings emphasize the importance of early interventions in order to reduce the likelihood of developing psychopathologies in adulthood.
Distinct responses from bacterial, archaeal and fungal streambed communities to severe hydrological disturbances
Authors: Gionchetta G. , Romaní A. M. , Oliva F. , Artigas J.
Published: September 2019

Stream microbes that occur in the Mediterranean Basin have been shown to possess heightened sensitivity to intensified water stress attributed to climate change. Here, we investigate the effects of long-term drought (150 days), storms and rewetting (7 days) on the diversity and composition of archaea, bacteria and fungi inhabiting intermittent streambed sediment (surface and hyporheic) and buried leaves. Hydrological alterations modified the archaeal community composition more than the bacterial community composition, whereas fungi were the least affected. Throughout the experiment, archaeal communities colonizing sediments showed greater phylogenetic distances compared to those of bacteria and fungi, suggesting considerable adaptation to severe hydrological disturbances. The increase in the class abundances, such as those of Thermoplasmata within archaea and of Actinobacteria and Bacilli within bacteria, revealed signs of transitioning to a drought-favoured and soil-like community composition. Strikingly, we found that in comparison to the drying phase, water return (as sporadic storms and rewetting) led to larger shifts in the surface microbial community composition and diversity. In addition, microhabitat characteristics, such as the greater capacity of the hyporheic zone to maintain/conserve moisture, tended to modulate the ability of certain microbes (e.g., bacteria) to cope with severe hydrological disturbances.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Biomarker in Rodent Peripheral Nerve Injury Models Reveals an Age-Related Impairment of Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Giorgetti Elisa , Obrecht Michael , Ronco Marie , Panesar Moh , Lambert Christian , Accart Nathalie , Doelemeyer Arno , Nash Mark , Bidinosti Michael , Beckmann Nicolau
Published: September 2019

Assessment of myelin integrity in peripheral nerve injuries and pathologies has largely been limited to post-mortem analysis owing to the difficulty in obtaining biopsies without affecting nerve function. This is further encumbered  by the small size of the tissue and its location. Therefore, the development of robust, non-invasive methods is highly attractive. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, including magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), to longitudinally and non-invasively characterize both the sciatic nerve crush and lysolecithin (LCP) demyelination models of peripheral nerve injury in rodents. Electrophysiological, gene expression and histological assessments complemented the extensive MRI analyses in young and aged animals. In the nerve crush model, MTR analysis indicated a slower recovery in regions distal to the site of injury in aged animals, as well as incomplete recovery at six weeks post-crush when analyzing across the entire nerve surface. Similar regional impairments were also found in the LCP demyelination model. This research underlines the power of MTR for the study of peripheral nerve injury in small tissues such as the sciatic nerve of rodents and contributes new knowledge to the effect of aging on recovery after injury. A particular advantage of the approach is the translational potential to human neuropathies.
Oil exposure alters social group cohesion in fish
Authors: Armstrong Tiffany , Khursigara Alexis J. , Killen Shaun S. , Fearnley Hannah , Parsons Kevin J. , Esbaugh Andrew J.
Published: September 2019

Many animal taxa live in groups to increase foraging and reproductive success and aid in predator avoidance. For fish, a large proportion of species spend all or part of their lives in groups, with group coordination playing an important role in the emergent benefits of group-living. Group cohesion can be altered by an array of factors, including exposure to toxic environmental contaminants. Oil spills are one of the most serious forms of pollution in aquatic systems, and while a range of effects of acute oil exposure on animal physiology have been demonstrated, sub-lethal effects on animal behavior are relatively under-studied. Here we used an open-field behavioral assay to explore influence of acute oil exposure on social behavior in a gregarious fish native to the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). We used two oil concentrations (0.7% and 2% oil dilution, or 6.0 ± 0.9 and 32.9 ± 5.9 μg l−1ΣPAH50respectively) and assays were performed when all members of a group were exposed, when only one member was exposed, and when no individuals were exposed. Shoal cohesion, as assessed via mean neighbor distance, showed significant impairment following acute exposure to 2% oil. Fish in oil-exposed groups also showed reduced voluntary movement speed. Importantly, overall group cohesion was disrupted when even one fish within a shoal was exposed to 2% oil, and the behavior of unexposed in mixed groups, in terms of movement speed and proximity to the arena wall, was affected by the presence of these exposed fish. These results demonstrate that oil exposure can have adverse effects on fish behavior that may lead to reduced ecological success.
Improved Dynamic Light Scattering using an adaptive and
statistically driven time resolved treatment of correlation data
Authors: Malm Alexander V. , Corbett Jason C. W.
Published: September 2019

Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) is a ubiquitous and non-invasive
measurement for the characterization of nano- and micro-scale particles in
dispersion. The sixth power relationship between scattered intensity and particle
radius is simultaneously a primary advantage whilst rendering the technique
sensitive to unwanted size fractions from unclean lab-ware, dust and aggregated
& dynamically aggregating sample, for example. This can make sample preparation
iterative, challenging and time consuming and often requires the use of data
filtering methods that leave an inaccurate estimate of the steady state size
fraction and may provide no knowledge to the user of the presence of the transient
fractions. A revolutionary new approach to DLS measurement and data analysis is
presented whereby the statistical variance of a series of individually analysed,
extremely short sub-measurements is used to classify data as steady-state or
transient. Crucially, all sub-measurements are reported, and no data are rejected,
providing a precise and accurate measurement of both the steady state and transient
size fractions. We demonstrate that this approach deals intrinsically and seamlessly
with the transition from a stable dispersion to the partially- and fully-aggregated
cases and results in an attendant improvement in DLS precision due to the shorter
sub measurement length and the classification process used.
Recent Perspectives in Catalysis under Continuous Flow
Authors: Ishitani Haruro , Saito Yuki , Laroche Benjamin , Rao Xiaofeng , Kobayashi Shū
Published: September 2019

While continuous-flow organic synthesis attracts considerable attention in chemical society, there have still been strong demands for more efficient methods for realizing one-flow synthesis of complex molecules by connecting more than two flow reactions directly. Catalytic flow reactions give solutions for such requirements particularly in the case of using fixed bed reactors with heterogeneous catalysts. In this chapter, recent progress in flow reactions with heterogeneous catalysts is reviewed. Especially, enantioselective reactions, photocatalytic reactions, and integrated multi-step flow reactions are focused upon.
Green Biotransformations under Flow Conditions
Authors: Garcia-Verdugo Eduardo , Porcar Raúl , Luis Santiago V. , Lozano Pedro
Published: September 2019

The development of continuous green biocatalytic processes is a highly useful toolbox for the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals that has grown tremendously over the past decade. This chapter highlights some of the most relevant advances in the field of biocatalytic transformations under flow conditions in both conventional and in neoteric solvents (e.g. ionic liquids, ILs; supercritical fluids, SCFs), as alternative non-aqueous reaction media. Several examples are provided (e.g. KR and DKR of sec-alcohols and amines, C–C bond formation, reduction, transamination, trans-esterification, etc.) where the use of continuous flow techniques enables the development of more efficient processes and multiple reaction steps to be combined into a single continuous operation.
Continuous Flow Synthesis of Nanomaterials
Authors: Kulkarni Amol A. , Jundale Rajashri B.
Published: September 2019

Continuous flow synthesis of nanoparticles is now a well-accepted and reliable synthesis approach that gives consistent product properties. This chapter aims to do a critical analysis of the recent work in some of the relevant areas and gives specific recommendations where flow synthesis of nanomaterials can be realized as a reliable manufacturing process. The chapter also highlights the typical engineering issues that one needs to consider while transforming a batch synthesis protocol into continuous mode and its scale-up.
Flow Chemistry Systems Based on Membranes
Authors: Sanchez-Marcano J.
Published: September 2019

In flow chemistry systems based on membranes, a dense or porous membrane is activated with a catalyst or a biocatalyst in order to couple reaction and separation in the same unit, resulting in an intensified process called catalytic membrane reactor (CMR). In this chapter the basic principles and concepts of CMRs are defined and the different configurations: CMRs for selective product removal, CMRs for the selective additions of reactants, flow-through membrane reactors (FTMRs) and enzymatic membrane reactors (EMRs) are described. Furthermore, a short account of some representative works of the peer reviewed literature and monographs works is given. CMRs have been successfully applied at laboratory scale to enhance the conversion of reactions which are limited by the thermodynamic equilibrium through selective product removal, in oxidation and hydrogenation reactions and improving the contact between the catalyst and substrates while decreasing mass transfer limitations. CMRs have already proven economic and strategic value in bio-transformations for the high-added value chemicals production. Such processes which take place at low temperature allow the use of polymer membranes which are commercially available materials. Further advances are expected on the development inorganic membranes for high temperature applications to be applied in high temperature reactions.
Additively Manufactured Advanced Flow Reactors for Enhanced Heat and Mass Transfer
Authors: Okafor Obinna , Goodridge Ruth , Sans Victor
Published: September 2019

The employment of additive manufacturing is emerging as a powerful tool to generate continuous-flow reactors for applications in catalysis, synthesis, biology and analytics. This has led to a plethora of reports about multiple applications, and techniques to generate the devices and materials. Here, we review the latest applications described for advanced reactors, where heat and mass transfer considerations have been considered through advanced mixing features.
Upscaling the Aza-Diels–Alder Reaction for Pharmaceutical Industrial Needs in Flow Chemistry
Authors: Pascual-Coca G. , Tato F. , Soriano J. F. , Ferritto-Crespo R.
Published: September 2019

In this work, the aza-Diels–Alder (aDA) reaction involving cyclopentadiene (CPD) as a dienophile was optimized and scaled up to obtain 1 kg h−1. The Diels–Alder Reaction (DA) involving CPD is scarce in industrial production because of the difficulty of generating CPD in safe and proper conditions. Here, we describe a methodology to continuously generate CPD up to 60 mL min−1 and incorporate an aDA reaction at a low temperature for industrial scale processing. The optimization of the aDA reaction from batch mode in the lab to a continuous flow, multi-kilogram scale is described in detail. Beyond the role of solvent, temperature and acid catalysis in the reaction, different configurations of flow reactors and different reactor sizes were key to the development and construction of the scale-up process to reach the targeted production. The introduction of static mixers into the flow process had a significative impact on the overall productivity of the system. Particular attention was paid to maintaining green chemical principles, reducing solvent use and minimizing impurities in the process. The final setup reached a continuous simple and safe production, taking full advantage of flow chemistry technological benefits in its operation.
Industrial Continuous-flow Chemistry under cGMP Conditions
Authors: Moylan Robert , Bourke Sharon , Cole Kevin , May Scott
Published: September 2019

Adopting continuous manufacturing requires considerable upfront investment in technology and expertise to develop and execute robust processes. cGMP manufacturing control strategies for drug substance processes in particular are limited, with few real case studies available in the literature. Making the change from a traditional batch manufacturing paradigm to a new continuous paradigm can be highly disruptive. In this chapter, key enablers for running continuous processes including multi-step processes are presented. These enablers allow the process to run in a state of control such that the environmental, safety, quality and cost benefits associated with continuous processing may be realized. The enablers include the use of process analytical technology, a material tracking system, a diversion strategy and the incorporation of surge capacity. Examples from the field where these control strategy enablers were successfully used to produce drug substance API using continuous technology under cGMP conditions are also presented. In these case studies the environmental, safety and quality benefits realized are highlighted and the evolution of the technology from single step batch-continuous hybrid processes to multi-step fully continuous telescoped processes is described.
Green sensors for voltammetric determination of lindane in water samples using bare and nylon 6,6 modified pencil electrodes
Authors: Thanalechumi Paramalinggam , Mohd Yusoff Abdull Rahim , Yusop Zulkifli
Published: September 2019

Lindane, an insecticide, was determined using the differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry technique on bare and nylon 6,6 modified pencil electrodes.
Microneedles combined with a sticky and heatable hydrogel for local painless anesthesia
Authors: Zhang Feng , Bao Weiwei , Li Ruirui , Zhao Siyu , Liu Yuxiao , Xu Yingying , Liao Lan , Wang Xiaolei
Published: September 2019

In view of the inherent defects of traditional syringe anesthesia (pain, inaccurate anesthesia area, swelling after injection, slow recovery etc.), this article proposed a new anesthesia system based on microneedles and a hydrogel.
Polyamine-induced tannic acid co-deposition on magnetic nanoparticles for enzyme immobilization and efficient biodiesel production catalysed by an immobilized enzyme under an alternating magnetic field
Authors: Tang Wen , Ma Tonghao , Zhou Lina , Wang Gaoya , Wang Xiaoli , Ying Hanjie , Chen Chao , Wang Ping
Published: September 2019

In this study, we report facile, rapid and stable polyamine TEPA-induced tannic acid (TA) co-deposition system-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, which may provide an improved nanoplatform for enzyme immobilization.
Incorporating silicon carbide nanoparticles into Al2O3@Al to achieve an efficient support for Co-based catalysts to boost their catalytic performance towards Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Zhong Min , Wang Jungang , Chen Congbiao , Ma Zhancheng , Jia Litao , Hou Bo , Li Debao
Published: September 2019

The SiC nanoparticles modified Al2O3@Al composites were used as an efficient supports for Co-based catalysts to boost the FTS performance via a synergy effect.
Polar polymer–solvent interaction derived favorable interphase for stable lithium metal batteries
Authors: Bae Jiwoong , Qian Yumin , Li Yutao , Zhou Xingyi , Goodenough John B. , Yu Guihua
Published: September 2019

Effective and dense Li plating/stripping by suppressing free solvents from intermolecular dipole–dipole interaction between a polar polymer & solvents, resulting in high-performance Li-metal batteries.
Reshaped as polyester-based nanoparticles, gallic acid inhibits platelet aggregation, reactive oxygen species production and multi-resistant Gram-positive bacteria with an efficiency never obtained
Authors: Alfei Silvana , Signorello Maria Grazia , Schito Anna , Catena Silvia , Turrini Federica
Published: September 2019

A gallic acid nanoformulation acts as a strong platelet aggregation, ROS and bacterial growth inhibitor.
Electronic properties of polymorphic two-dimensional layered chromium disulphide
Authors: Habib Mohammad Rezwan , Wang Shengping , Wang Weijia , Xiao Han , Obaidulla Sk Md , Gayen Anabil , Khan Yahya , Chen Hongzheng , Xu Mingsheng
Published: September 2019

2D layered CrS2 flakes down to the monolayer are successfully synthesized, and different phases of CrS2 are observed and exhibit direct band gap p-type semiconducting, metallic, and semi-metallic behaviors, respectively.
The novel two-dimensional photocatalyst SnN3with enhanced visible-light absorption for overall water splitting
Authors: Wu Shengyao , Shen Yanqing , Gao Xu , Ma Yanyan , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: September 2019

SnN3monolayer can conduct overall photocatalytic splitting of water and has ultra-high visible light absorption capacity.
Interfacial recombination kinetics in aged perovskite solar cells measured using transient photovoltage techniques
Authors: Jiménez-López Jesús , Palomares Emilio
Published: September 2019

The reduction of interfacial charge recombination kinetics in perovskite solar cells is key to increase device photovoltaic efficiencies.
A di-boron pair doped MoS2 (B2@MoS2) single-layer shows superior catalytic performance for electrochemical nitrogen activation and reduction
Authors: Li Fuhua , Tang Qing
Published: September 2019

Non-metal di-boron doping into a S-defective MoS2 single-layer is hypothesized as a promising electrocatalyst for N2 reduction at a close-to-zero overpotential.
Cellulose nanocrystal-reinforced poly(5-triethoxysilyl-2-norbornene) composites
Authors: Hendren Keith D. , Higgins Morgan A. , Long Brian K. , Foster E. Johan
Published: September 2019

We demonstrate the reinforcement of a previously inaccessible norbornene-silane with a stiff, bio-based nanofiller.
Defining side chain successions in anthracene-based poly(arylene ethynylene)-alt-poly(phenylene vinylene)s: probing structure–property relationships
Authors: Ulbricht Christoph , Bouguerra Nassima , Inack Ngi Samuel , Brüggemann Oliver , Egbe Daniel A. M.
Published: September 2019

A detailed spectroscopic study of nine conjugated polymers with various octyloxy/2-ethylhexyloxy side chain sequences prepared using optimized regio-selective synthetic pathways.
Superalkali ligands as a building block for aromatic trinuclear Cu(i)–NHC complexes
Authors: Parida Rakesh , Das Subhra , Karas Lucas José , Wu Judy I-Chia , Roymahapatra Gourisankar , Giri Santanab
Published: September 2019

Imidazole and benz-imidazole based different NHC ligands have been designed to make tri nuclear aromatic Cu(i)@NHC complex. First principle calculation suggest that all the ligands are superalkali and the complexes are sp2hybridized.
ESI-TOF MS analysis and DNA cleavage activity of rutin–metal complexes in aqueous extracts of medicinal plants
Authors: Cai Weilan , Zheng Kangkang , Li Zhimin , Peng Liang , Yin Qianrong , Zeng Haijun
Published: September 2019

Rutin, a flavonoid commonly present in natural plants, can form multiple complexes at different rutin : metal ratios with various trace metal elements during the water decoction process, and these complexes exhibit novel activities.
Sky-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) based on Ag(i) complexes: strong solvation-induced emission enhancement
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Shafikov Marsel Z. , Schinabeck Alexander , Antonova Olga V. , Berezin Alexey S. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Plusnin Pavel E. , Yersin Hartmut
Published: September 2019

Remarkable solvation-induced emission enhancement is discovered on a new Ag(i) complex showing sky-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).
Microgrooved collagen-based corneal scaffold for promoting collective cell migration and antifibrosis
Authors: Xiong Sijia , Gao Huichang , Qin Lanfeng , Jia Yongguang , Gao Meng , Ren Li
Published: September 2019

Microgrooved collagen membrane can effectively promote the epithelialization of corneal epithelial cells and inhibit the fibrosis of corneal stromal cells.
Thermo-responsive draw solute for forward osmosis process; poly(ionic liquid) having lower critical solution temperature characteristics
Authors: Ju Changha , Park Chanhyuk , Kim Taehyung , Kang Shinwoo , Kang Hyo
Published: September 2019

A poly(ionic liquid) having lower critical solution temperature characteristics was synthesized to investigate its suitability as a draw solute for forward osmosis.
Impact of physical structure of granular sludge on methanogenesis and methanogenic community structure
Authors: Pan Xiaofang , Wang Lina , Lv Nan , Ning Jing , Zhou Mingdian , Wang Tao , Li Chunxing , Zhu Gefu
Published: September 2019

Physical structures of sludge are critical factors determining the performance of the anaerobic digestion process, especially for the rate-limiting step, methanogenesis.
Optical, morphological and biological analysis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Papaver somniferum L.
Authors: Muhammad Wali , Ullah Naimat , Haroon Muhammad , Abbasi Bilal Haider
Published: September 2019

Biogenic synthesis of ZnO-NPs using P. somniferum.
Serum metabolomic alterations in multiple myeloma revealed by targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches: a pilot study
Authors: Chanukuppa Venkatesh , More Tushar H. , Taunk Khushman , Taware Ravindra , Chatterjee Tathagata , Sharma Sanjeevan , Rapole Srikanth
Published: September 2019

This study presents the potential of serum metabolomics approach towards the segregation of multiple myeloma cohort from healthy controls.
One-step synthesis of red-emitting carbon dots via a solvothermal method and its application in the detection of methylene blue
Authors: Zhao Dan , Liu Xuemei , Wei Chunjin , Qu Yimo , Xiao Xincai , Cheng Han
Published: September 2019

Red-emitting CDs was synthesized via a one-step solvothermal method with 1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine tetrahydrochloride as a novel carbon source and ethanol as a solvent. The luminescence mechanism of CDs was studied by MCI gel column chromatography.
Cap control: cyclic versus linear oligomerisation in covalent template-directed synthesis
Authors: Núñez-Villanueva Diego , Ciaccia Maria , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: September 2019

The right concentration of capping agent is required to control the product distribution in covalent template-directed synthesis of linear oligomers using CuAAC.
Selective acid leaching: a simple way to engineer cobalt oxide nanostructures for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Yu Mingquan , Belthle Kendra Solveig , Tüysüz Cengiz , Tüysüz Harun
Published: September 2019

A facile and scalable strategy via diluted-HCl leaching was developed to prepare sub-5 nm Co3O4 nanocrystals for electrochemical water oxidation.
Multifunctional drug carrier on the basis of 3d–4f Fe/La-MOFs for drug delivery and dual-mode imaging
Authors: Lin Caixue , Chi Bin , Xu Chen , Zhang Cheng , Tian Feng , Xu Zushun , Li Ling , Whittaker Andrew K. , Wang Jing
Published: September 2019

Multifunctional drug carriers for simultaneous imaging and drug delivery have emerged as an important new direction for the treatment of cancer.
Influence of pore architectures of silk fibroin/collagen composite scaffolds on the regeneration of osteochondral defects in vivo
Authors: Feng Xue , Xu Peifang , Shen Tao , Zhang Yihan , Ye Juan , Gao Changyou
Published: September 2019

The aligned scaffolds facilitate migration of endogenous reparative cells, leading to better regeneration of osteochondral defects.
A facile method for the synthesis of copper–cysteamine nanoparticles and study of ROS production for cancer treatment
Authors: Pandey Nil Kanatha , Chudal Lalit , Phan Jonathan , Lin Liangwu , Johnson Omar , Xing Meiying , Liu J. Ping , Li Haibin , Huang Xuejing , Shu Yang , Chen Wei
Published: September 2019

A facile synthesis method of copper–cysteamine nanoparticles is reported and their application for cancer treatment through ROS-mediated mechanisms is explored.
A layered double hydroxide-derived exchange spring magnet array grown on graphene and its application as an ultrathin electromagnetic wave absorbing material
Authors: Zhao Xiaonan , Nie Xiaoyu , Li Ya , Pu Yanhui , Sun Xin , Yu Ronghai , Liu Xiaofang , Shui Jianglan
Published: September 2019

An exchange spring magnet/N-doped graphene composite is synthesized as an ultrathin and highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorbing material utilizing the exchange coupling effect between hard/soft magnetic phases.
Recent advances in plasticized PVC gels for soft actuators and devices: a review
Authors: Li Yi , Guo Mingfei , Li Yanbiao
Published: September 2019

Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) gels belong to a class of electroactive polymers (EAPs), which have the ability to realize bending motion, contractile motion, extended motion and crawling motion under electric stimulation.
A LOFAR-IRAS cross-match study: the far-infrared radio correlation and the 150 MHz luminosity as a star-formation rate tracer
Authors: Wang L. , Gao F. , Duncan K. J. , Williams W. L. , Rowan-Robinson M. , Sabater J. , Shimwell T. W. , Bonato M. , Calistro-Rivera G. , Chyży K. T. , Farrah D. , Gürkan G. , Hardcastle M. J. , McCheyne I. , Prandoni I. , Read S. C. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Smith D. J. B.
Published: September 2019

Aims. We aim to study the far-infrared radio correlation (FIRC) at 150 MHz in the local Universe (at a median redshift ⟨z⟩∼0.05) and improve the use of the rest-frame 150 MHz luminosity, L150, as a star-formation rate (SFR) tracer, which is unaffected by dust extinction.

Methods. We cross-match the 60 μm selected Revised IRAS Faint Source Survey Redshift (RIFSCz) catalogue and the 150 MHz selected LOFAR value-added source catalogue in the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) Spring Field. We estimate L150 for the cross-matched sources and compare it with the total infrared (IR) luminosity, LIR, and various SFR tracers.

Results. We find a tight linear correlation between log L150 and log LIR for star-forming galaxies, with a slope of 1.37. The median qIR value (defined as the logarithm of the LIR to L150 ratio) and its rms scatter of our main sample are 2.14 and 0.34, respectively. We also find that log L150 correlates tightly with the logarithm of SFR derived from three different tracers, i.e., SFRHα based on the Hα line luminosity, SFR60 based on the rest-frame 60 μm luminosity and SFRIR based on LIR, with a scatter of 0.3 dex. Our best-fit relations between L150 and these SFR tracers are, log L150 (L⊙) = 1.35(±0.06) × log SFRHα (M⊙ yr−1) + 3.20(±0.06), log L150 (L⊙) = 1.31(±0.05) × log SFR60 (M⊙ yr−1) + 3.14(±0.06), and log L150 (L⊙) = 1.37 (±0.05) × log SFRIR (M⊙ yr−1) + 3.09(±0.05), which show excellent agreement with each other.
The validity of a head-worn inertial sensor for measurements of swimming performance
Authors: Butterfield James , Tallent Jamie , Patterson Stephen David , Jeffries Owen , Howe Louis , Waldron Mark
Published: September 2019

The validity of the TritonWear® device to measure swimming performance was investigated, with a pre-determined analytical goal of 6%. Twenty youth swimmers completed a 100 m swim in a 25 m pool, swimming breaststroke or freestyle wearing the TritonWear® device, whilst being filmed above and below water with three cameras. 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) and coefficient of variation (CV%) were used to calculate error. Systematic biases (P < 0.05) were found between the two systems only for distance per stroke during breaststroke. Freestyle metrics agreement ranged between 1.06% and 10.40% CV, except for distance per stroke (CV = 14.64%), and time underwater (CV = 18.15%). Breaststroke metrics ranged between 0.95% and 13.74% CV, except for time underwater (CV = 25.76%). The smallest errors were found for split-times, speed, stroke-count and stroke-rate, across both strokes (all < 5% CV). The TritonWear® can be used for basic metrics of performance, such as split-time and speed but the error of more complex measurements, such as time underwater or turn-times, renders them unable to identify typical performance changes.
Die venöse End zu Seit Anastomose mit einem Coupler Device bei freien mikrovaskulären Lappenplastiken
Authors: Walle Leonard , Fansa Hisham , Thiel Tobias , Scholtz Lars-Uwe , Sudhoff Holger , Frerichs Onno
Published: September 2019

Mit dieser Studie präsentieren wir unsere Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen zur venösen End zu Seit Anastomose mit einem Coupler Device bei freien mikrovaskulären Lappenplastiken.