bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Sound Field Properties of Parametric Array Under the Influence of Underwater Waveguide Interface Scattering Based on Non-Paraxial Model—Theory and Experiment
Authors: Cao Yuan , Shi Jie , Zhang Jiangyi , Cheng Yuezhu , Shi Haokang
Published: February 2025

This paper theoretically and experimentally studies the effect of underwater waveguide interface scattering on the nonlinear sound field characteristics of parametric array (PA) radiation. Based on the image source method, the components of the sound field in the waveguide are first analyzed. Then, a non-paraxial model is developed to account for the influence of interface scattering. This model enables accurate calculation of the wide-angle sound field. The impact of the sound source depth and the interface reflection coefficient on the distribution of the difference-frequency wave (DFW) sound field in the waveguide is studied. The interface alters the phase distribution of the DFW’s virtual source density function, thereby affecting the sound field accumulation process. Waveguide interfaces with different absorption coefficients influence the amplitude oscillation caused by interface reflection and change the sidelobe size of the DFW beam. The DFW sound field distribution is measured at three typical frequencies. Simulation and experimental results show that the attenuation of the DFW’s axial sound pressure level in the waveguide oscillates, and the DFW’s beamwidth gradually widens as the frequency decreases. The calculated results from the proposed model agree well with the measured data, with average errors along the sound axis and depth being less than 3 dB and 6 dB, respectively. This demonstrates the model’s superior applicability compared to the existing free-field model.
Design and Demonstration of an Underwater High-Stability Rapid Cross-Domain Unpowered Vehicle
Authors: Yang Zhiyi , Hou Kaiyan , Cui Yu , Liu Lu , Wen Jinglong , Zhang Haozhe , Yuan Zujiang , Liu Dan , Xue Chenyang
Published: February 2025

Unpowered vehicles are designed for subaquatic operation and are capable of operating rapidly cross-domain. This paper presents a refined and optimized design for a high-stability rapid cross-domain unpowered vehicle. The use of a compact, uniquely configured gas generator maximizes the rapidity of the ascent phase, achieving an average underwater speed of more than 3.5 m/s, all without the need for an additional propulsion system. To enhance the stability of the unpowered vehicle during the cross-domain phase, a recoil compensation deceleration device (RCDD) was engineered. This device, which uses a combination of springs and electromagnets, significantly increases both the launch capability and the attitude adjustment capability, by 50%. Furthermore, to facilitate rapid launch in real marine environments and investigate the attitudes before and after crossing domains, a rapid cross-domain launch mechanism is introduced. Through multiple sea trials, the results indicate that the unpowered vehicle can complete the launch process within 4 s under sea state 3 conditions. The unpowered vehicle provides an effective solution for rapid cross-domain operation in complex marine environments.
Diversity Barriers in Animal Care Careers at Zoos and Aquariums
Authors: Lannoye-Hall Claire , Patrick Patricia G.
Published: February 2025

We applied social cognitive career theory and systems theory to explore the barriers that historically excluded groups face when pursuing animal care careers at U.S. zoos and aquariums. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research combines survey data (N = 592) and interviews (N = 15) from zoo and aquarium animal care staff, including zookeepers, veterinarians, and aquarists. The findings show that historically excluded groups of animal caretakers report higher levels of perceived barriers to securing zoo positions compared to White animal caretakers, particularly in career awareness, self-efficacy, mentorship, and access to internship opportunities. Statistical analyses of animal caretakers revealed a statistically significant difference between historically excluded groups and their White colleagues. Historically excluded groups experience more challenges in securing and succeeding in animal care careers. While institutional barriers did not differ significantly between groups, this study underscores the need for zoos to address systemic inequities and create more inclusive environments. These findings are critical for zoos aiming to diversify their staff and enrich their decision-making processes.
Effects of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Nanosized Al4C3 Formation on the Wear Properties of Hot Extruded Al-Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Kolev Mihail , Lazarova Rumyana , Petkov Veselin , Dimitrova Rositza
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and the formation of nanosized Al4C3 on the tribological performance of hot extruded aluminum-based nanocomposites. Al/GNP nanocomposites with varying GNP contents (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.1 wt.%) were fabricated through powder metallurgy, including ball milling, compaction, and hot extrusion at 500 °C, which was designed to facilitate the formation of nanosized carbides during the extrusion process. The effect of GNPs and nanosized carbides on the tribological properties of the composites was evaluated using dry friction pin-on-disk tests to assess wear resistance and the coefficient of friction (COF). Microstructural analyses using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the uniform distribution of GNPs and the formation of nanosized Al4C3 in the samples. Incorporating 0.1 wt.% GNPs resulted in the lowest wear mass loss (1.40 mg) while maintaining a stable COF (0.52), attributed to enhanced lubrication and load transfer. Although a higher GNP content (1.1 wt.%) resulted in increased wear due to agglomeration, the nanocomposite still demonstrated superior wear resistance compared to the unreinforced aluminum matrix. These findings underscore the potential of combining nanotechnology with precise processing techniques to enhance the wear and friction properties of aluminum-based composites.
Interlayer Parallel Connection of Multiple Helmholtz Resonators for Optional Broadband Low Frequency Sound Absorption
Authors: Yang Xiaocui , Li Qiang , Shen Xinmin , Zhou Binbin , Wang Ning , Wang Enshuai , Zhang Xiaonan , Shen Cheng , Wang Hantian , Jiang Shunjie
Published: February 2025

The Helmholtz resonance acoustic metamaterial is an effective sound absorber in the field of noise reduction, especially in the low-frequency domain. To overcome the conflict between the number of Helmholtz resonators and the volume of the rear cavity for each chamber with a given front area of single-layer metamaterial, a novel acoustic metamaterial of interlayer parallel connection of multiple Helmholtz resonators (IPC–MHR) is proposed in this study. The developed IPC–MHR consists of several layers, and the Helmholtz resonators among different layers are connected in parallel. The sound absorption property of IPC–MHR is studied by finite element simulation and further optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm, and it is validated by standing wave tube measurement with the sample fabricated by additive manufacturing. The average sound absorption coefficient in the discrete frequency band [200 Hz, 300 Hz] U [400 Hz, 600 Hz] U [800 Hz, 1250 Hz] is 0.7769 for the IPC–MHR with four layers. Through the optimization of the thickness of each layer, the average sound absorption coefficient in 250–750 Hz is up to 0.8068. Similarly, the optimized IPC–MHR with six layers obtains an average sound absorption coefficient of 0.8454 in 300–950 Hz, which exhibits an excellent sound absorption performance in the low-frequency range with a wide band. The IPC–MHR can be used to suppress obnoxious noise in practical applications.
Structural Analysis of Multi-Core Processor and Reliability Evaluation Model
Authors: Tsiramua Sergo , Meladze Hamlet , Davitashvili Tinatin , Sanchez-Sáez Jose-Maria , Criado-Aldeanueva Francisco
Published: February 2025

In the present paper, the models of structural analysis and evaluation of efficiency indicators (reliability, fault tolerance, viability, and flexibility) of a multi-core processor with variable structure, equipped with multi-functional cores, are considered. Using logical–probabilistic methods, the following has been developed: models for evaluating the reliability and fault tolerance of processor cores as multi-functional elements; logical–probabilistic models of the shortest paths, flexibility, and performance conditions for successful operation of multi-core processors based on multi-functional cores; and models for estimating the reliability, fault tolerance, and lifetime of multi-core processors considering all possible states of performance. The results of the structural analysis of two-core and four-core processors and the trends of increasing the efficiency indicators of multi-core processors are presented.
Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Kidney Allograft Dysfunction: Current and Future Applications in the Era of Precision Medicine
Authors: Lazarou Christina , Moysidou Eleni , Christodoulou Michalis , Lioulios Georgios , Sampani Erasmia , Dimitriadis Chrysostomos , Fylaktou Asimina , Stangou Maria
Published: February 2025

Kidney transplantation stands as the preferred treatment for end-stage kidney disease, significantly improving both the quality and longevity of life compared to dialysis. In recent years, the survival rates for patients and grafts have markedly increased thanks to innovative strategies in desensitization protocols for incompatible transplants and advancements in immunosuppressive therapies. For kidney transplant recipients, preventing allograft rejection is of paramount importance, necessitating the use of immunosuppressive medications. Regular follow-up appointments are essential, as monitoring the function of the kidney allograft is critical. Currently, established biomarkers such as serum creatinine, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), proteinuria, and albuminuria are commonly employed to assess allograft function. However, these biomarkers have limitations, as elevated levels often indicate significant allograft damage only after it has occurred, thereby constraining treatment options and the potential for restoring graft function. Additionally, kidney biopsies, while considered the gold standard for diagnosing rejection, are invasive and carry associated risks. Consequently, the identification and development of new, sensitive, and specific biomarkers like dd-cfDNA, microRNAs (e.g., miR-21, miR-155), and sCD30 for allograft rejection are crucial. To tackle this challenge, intensive ongoing research employing cutting-edge technologies, including “omics” approaches, like genomic techniques, proteomics, or metabolomics, is uncovering a variety of promising new biomarkers.
Investigation of Microvascular Involvement Through Nailfold Capillaroscopic Examination in Children with Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Kurt Fatih , Uyar Belkız , Erguven Muferet , Cangur Sengul
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a lifelong autoinflammatory disease characterized by episodes of fever and aseptic polyserositis. Commonly associated with vasculitis, FMF’s impact on microcirculation was investigated by examining nailfold capillaries using capillaroscopy. Materials and Methods: This study included 32 female and 28 male FMF patients diagnosed according to the Tel Hashomer and Yalçınkaya criteria and a control group of 20 female and 10 male age-matched cases. Demographic characteristics, medical history (abdominal pain, fever, chest pain, and joint pain), and physical examination findings of the cases were assessed. FMF gene mutations, acute-phase reactants, urine analysis, and spot urine protein/creatinine ratios were evaluated. Nailfold capillaries were examined via capillaroscopy by the same dermatology specialist. Results: There was no significant age or gender difference between groups. The most common symptoms in the case group were abdominal pain (81.7%) and joint pain (65%). Pathological findings in capillaroscopy, such as microhemorrhages and avascular areas, were significantly more frequent in the FMF case group (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Physiological findings, including hairpin-shaped capillaries and shortened loops, were significantly more common in the control group (p = 0.001; p = 0.034). No significant relationships were found between kidney involvement, subclinical inflammation, presence of microhemorrhages and avascular areas in capillaroscopy, and disease duration. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in capillaroscopic findings between those with exon-10 mutations in the MEFV gene and those with non-exon-10 mutations. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study demonstrated secondary microvascular findings due to inflammation in FMF patients using capillaroscopy, a cost-effective and safe tool.
Pathogens of Medical Importance Identified in Hospital-Collected Cockroaches: A Systematic Review
Authors: Crespo Ariel , de Armas Yaxsier , Capó Virginia , Iglesias Enrique , Palomares-Marín Jaime , Fonte Luis , Plascencia-Hernández Arturo , Cueto-Aragón Claudia L. , Calderón Enrique J. , Pérez-Gómez Héctor R.
Published: February 2025

Cockroaches serve as mechanical vectors for medically important pathogens, and their presence in hospitals is a common occurrence. This review summarizes the pathogens carried by cockroaches collected in hospitals around the world during the period 2000–2024 and focuses on their antibiotic resistance mechanisms and potential impact on the public health system. The conventional techniques are most used to identify microorganisms and determine antibiotic resistance, but there are few studies that use molecular techniques for bacterial identification and resistance mechanism detection. The species that appear most frequently in the selected articles were Escherichia coli (22 articles) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11 articles). Regarding antibiotic resistance, this review describes 79.0% (34/43) of the studies analyzed. E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria were found to be resistant to antibiotics in 51.2% and 25.6% of articles, respectively. The identification of pathogens carried by cockroaches collected in hospitals suggests a potential risk of these insects in the transmission of healthcare-associated infections, mainly in developing countries, where this issue is most alarming. The collected data suggest that integrated approaches to cockroach control and infestation management should be put in place based on scientific evidence.
Exploring Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Critical Care Nursing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Porcellato Elena , Lanera Corrado , Ocagli Honoria , Danielis Matteo
Published: February 2025

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly employed in healthcare across diverse domains, including medical imaging, personalized diagnostics, therapeutic interventions, and predictive analytics using electronic health records. Its integration is particularly impactful in critical care, where AI has demonstrated the potential to enhance patient outcomes. This systematic review critically evaluates the current applications of AI within the domain of critical care nursing. Methods: This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024545955) and was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive searches were performed across MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Results: The initial review identified 1364 articles, of which 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies employed diverse AI techniques, including classical models (e.g., logistic regression), machine learning approaches (e.g., support vector machines, random forests), deep learning architectures (e.g., neural networks), and generative AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT). The analyzed health outcomes encompassed postoperative complications, ICU admissions and discharges, triage assessments, pressure injuries, sepsis, delirium, and predictions of adverse events or critical vital signs. Most studies relied on structured data from electronic medical records, such as vital signs and laboratory results, supplemented by unstructured data, including nursing notes and patient histories; two studies also integrated audio data. Conclusion: AI demonstrates significant potential in nursing, facilitating the use of clinical practice data for research and decision-making. The choice of AI techniques varies based on the specific objectives and requirements of the model. However, the heterogeneity of the studies included in this review limits the ability to draw definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of AI applications in critical care nursing. Future research should focus on more robust, interventional studies to assess the impact of AI on nursing-sensitive outcomes. Additionally, exploring a broader range of health outcomes and AI applications in critical care will be crucial for advancing AI integration in nursing practices.
Influence of Ethanol as a Preservative in Topical Formulation on the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Active Compounds in Healthy and Barrier-Disrupted Skin
Authors: Raab Christian , Do Tien Trung , Keck Cornelia M.
Published: February 2025

(1) Background: Ethanol is a multifunctional excipient often used as a preservative in topical formulations. Due to its known ability to impair skin barrier function, this study investigated the effect of ethanol (EtOH) as a preservative in creams on the dermal penetration of active compounds. (2) Methods: A hydrophilic and a lipophilic fluorescent dye were used as active ingredient surrogates that were incorporated into creams with and without ethanol. The dermal penetration efficacy was assessed by epifluorescence microscopy on an ex vivo porcine ear model with intact and irritated skin. (3) Results: Ethanol reduced the dermal penetration by about 40% for the hydrophilic and about 20% for the lipophilic surrogates on intact skin, but had minimal impact on irritated skin. The bio-physical skin properties were also altered by the addition of ethanol to the cream. On intact skin, it increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and decreased skin hydration, whereas on irritated skin, it decreased TEWL and increased skin hydration. The results indicate that skin impairment can be considered to have different stages, while in an early stage of skin impairment, the formation of a “Pudding skin” is proposed. A “Pudding skin” is the formation of a thin layer of dried skin on top of the skin that “seals” the lower parts of the skin and reduces dermal penetration and water loss from inside the skin and reduces the dermal penetration of chemical compounds from outside the skin. (4) Conclusions: Overall, the findings emphasize the need to carefully consider the use of ethanol in formulations, balancing its preservative benefits with its potential to impair the efficacy of active ingredients, particularly in varying skin conditions.
Naturism Stigma Scale: Adaptation of a Standardised Measure of Stigma Towards Naturism
Authors: Soylemez Kerem Kemal , Lusher Joanne , Rachitskiy Marina
Published: February 2025

Background: Stigma can have a significant impact on the lives of those inflicted, and stigmatisation can occur at any time when individuals commonly label behaviours and characteristics of others as offensive. Many attributes, such as homosexuality, ethnicity, race, and mental illness, have been explored using existing instruments. However, there are currently no standardised measures of stigma towards specific behaviours such as naturism. Naturism is the practice of public nudity without any intention of sexual stimulation. Though a global phenomenon, data suggest that almost seven million individuals in the UK alone identify as naturists. The rising figures of those engaging in stigmatised behaviour and the negative representations of this in the media contribute to the necessity for standardised instruments to measure stigma towards naturism. Method: The Naturism Stigma Scale (NSS) was adapted from the Depression Stigma Scale. This 18-item scale has two subscales which measure personal and perceived stigma. The sample consisted of 449 participants recruited by convenience sampling. Results: The analysis indicated that the scale had high reliability for both subscales (Personal Cronbach’s α = 0.91, Perceived Cronbach’s α = 0.93). It can be concluded that the NSS is a reliable psychometric instrument. Conclusions: Overall, this research assists in further understanding the stigma towards this minority group. Further research is necessary to explore the psychometric properties of NSS among different community samples.
Vertical Slowness-Constrained Joint Anisotropic Parameters and Event-Location Inversion for Downhole Microseismic Monitoring
Authors: Yuan Congcong , Zhang Jie
Published: February 2025

The construction of accurate anisotropic velocity models is essential for effective microseismic monitoring in hydraulic fracturing. Ignoring anisotropy can result in significant distortions in microseismic event locations and their interpretation. Although methods exist to simultaneously invert anisotropic parameters and event locations using microseismic arrival times, the results heavily depend on accurate initial models and sufficient ray coverage due to strong trade-offs among multiple parameters. Microseismic waveform inversion for anisotropic parameters remains challenging due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the data and the high computational cost. To address these challenges, we propose a method for jointly inverting event locations and velocity updates based on arrival times and vertical slowness estimates, under the assumption of small horizontal velocity variations. Vertical slowness estimates, which are independent of source information and easily obtainable, provide an additional constraint that enhances inversion stability. We test the proposed method in four synthetic examples under various conditions. The results demonstrate that incorporating vertical slowness effectively constrains and stabilizes conventional travel-time inversion, especially in scenarios with poor raypath coverage. Additionally, we apply this method to a field case and find that it produces more reasonable event locations compared to inversions using arrival times alone. This joint inversion method can enhance the accuracy of anisotropic structures and event locations, which thus help with fracture characterization in tight and low-permeability reservoirs. It may serve as an effective downhole monitoring approach for hydrocarbon and geothermal energy production.
The Changes in Grassland Animal Husbandry and Herdsmen’s Life in the Qinghai Pastoral Area of China Based on the Perspective of Changes in the Grassland Property Rights System
Authors: Gou Yujiao , Hao Lizhuang , Huang Yayu , Jin Xinyan , Zhang Airu , Ma Hongbo
Published: February 2025

Based on the historical background of the changes made to the grassland property rights system, the first part of this study restores the changes in property rights systems in six major autonomous counties of grassland animal husbandry production in Qinghai region, while the second part qualitatively analyzes the changes in grassland animal husbandry operations and herdsmen’s life under the changes in property rights. The results show that, with the reform of the property rights system, the range of livestock grazing has changed from large-scale nomadic grazing to regional rotational grazing. The herds are mainly yaks and Tibetan sheep, accounting for more than 90%, with the proportion of Tibetan sheep being higher than that of yaks. The numbers of total livestock and those on the market first rose and then declined, showing a dynamic balance in recent 10 years, while the number of breeding female animals has increased year by year. Artificial grass planting has gradually become popularized in pastoral areas. The time span of livestock supplementary feeding has increased and is more scientific, and the output value of animal husbandry has increased year by year, showing a strong peak associated with intensification. The proportion of the population engaged in animal husbandry has decreased gradually with increasing population in the region. The income sources of herdsmen have become more and more diversified and are increasing year by year, and the Engel coefficient presents a downward trend. The human environment in pastoral areas has improved. Based on the above analysis, suggestions for the sustainable and high-quality production of animal husbandry under the current grassland property rights system are put forward, as well as for the construction of green organic agricultural and livestock product export land in Qinghai Province.
Factors Associated with Timely First-Dose Pentavalent and Measles–Rubella Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Dalton Milena , Pomat William , Danchin Margie , Homer Caroline S. E. , Sanderson Benjamin , Kiromat Patrick , Robinson Leanne J. , Scoullar Michelle J. L. , Melepia Pele , Laman Moses , James Hannah A. , Stanley Elsie , Waramin Edward , Vaccher Stefanie
Published: February 2025

Background: Immunization coverage varies across Papua New Guinea. In East New Britain (ENB) Province in 2022, only 65.5% and 50.2% of children under one year received their first dose of pentavalent (DTP1) and measles–rubella (MR1) vaccine, respectively. This study aimed to examine barriers and enablers to routine immunization in areas of un(der)-vaccination in ENB. Methods: A face-to-face survey was conducted with caregivers of children aged 12–23 months in ENB. We used Poisson regression to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for factors associated with timely receipt of DTP1 or MR1 vaccines, defined as a child who was vaccinated between –2 and +30 days of the vaccine schedule. Delayed receipt is defined as a child who was vaccinated >30 days from the recommended due date. Results: Among 237 caregivers surveyed, 59.9% of children were vaccinated within the “timely” window for DTP1 and 34.1% for MR1. Timely DTP1 receipt was associated with a facility-based birth (IRR:1.93; 95% CI: 1.10–3.38) and trusting healthcare workers “very much”, compared to “a little or moderately” (IRR:1.53; 95% CI: 1.17–1.99). For MR1, the caregiver having completed tertiary/vocational education (IRR:1.79; 95% CI: 1.15–2.78), reporting taking a child to be vaccinated is affordable (IRR:1.52; 95% CI: 1.04–2.22), and healthcare workers explaining immunization services and answering associated questions (IRR:1.68; 95% CI: 1.18–2.41) were associated with timely vaccination. Conclusions: Activities to improve timely vaccination in ENB could include strengthening healthcare worker interpersonal communication skills to optimize trust and incentivizing women to give birth in a health facility.
Stonebrood Disease—Histomorphological Changes in Honey Bee Larvae (Apis mellifera) Experimentally Infected with Aspergillus flavus
Authors: von Knoblauch Tammo , Jensen Annette B. , Mülling Christoph K. W. , Heusinger Anton , Aupperle-Lellbach Heike , Genersch Elke
Published: February 2025

Stonebrood (Aspergillus sp.) is a rare, poorly described disease of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) that can affect adult bees and brood. This study describes the pathogenesis using artificially reared pathogen-free Apis mellifera larvae, experimentally infected (5 × 102 spores/larva) with Aspergillus flavus. Between days 1 and 5 p.i. (larval age 4 until 8 days), five uninfected control larvae, up to five infected living larvae, and up to five infected dead larvae were examined macroscopically. Subsequently, the larvae were photographed, fixed (4% formaldehyde), and processed for histological examination (hematoxylin–eosin stain, Grocott silvering). Sections were digitized, measured (area, thickness), and statistically analyzed. In total, 19 of the 43 collected infected larvae showed signs of infection (germinating spores/fungal mycelium): dead larvae (from day 2 p.i.) showed clear histological and macroscopic signs of infection, while larvae collected alive (from day 1 p.i.) were only locally affected. Infected larvae were significantly smaller (day 2 p.i.: p < 0.001, 4 p.i.: p < 0.01, 5 p.i.: p < 0.01) than uninfected larvae (control group). Our study shows that the pathogenesis of stonebrood is characterized by a short period between Aspergillus germination and the onset of disease (about one day), and a rapid larval death.
Synthetic Data Generation for AI-Informed End-of-Line Testing for Lithium-Ion Battery Production
Authors: Krause Tessa , Nusko Daniel , Rittmann Johannes , Pitta Bauermann Luciana , Kroll Moritz , Holly Carlo
Published: February 2025

Lithium-ion batteries are a key technology in supply chains for modern electric vehicles. Their production is complex and can be prone to defects. As such, the detection of defective batteries is critical to ensure performance and consumer safety. Existing end-of-line testing relies heavily on electrical measurements for identifying defective cells. However, it is possible that not all pertinent information is encoded within the electrical measurements alone. Reversible expansion in lithium-ion cells is an indicator of lithiation within the cell, while irreversible expansion is a consequence of the ageing process; unexpected expansion may indicate the presence of undesirable defects. By measuring expansion in addition to electrical measurements, we aim to make better and faster quality predictions during end-of-line testing, thereby facilitating the early detection of potential defects. To make these predictions, we implement artificial intelligence algorithms to extract information from the measurements. Training these networks requires large training datasets, which are expensive to produce. In this paper, we demonstrate a first-order physical modelling approach for generating synthetic data to pre-train artificial intelligence algorithms that perform anomaly detection on lithium-ion battery cells at the end-of-line. The equivalent circuit model used to generate voltage curves could be fit to real data with a mean absolute error of less than 1%, and the expansion model could be fit to a mean absolute error of less than 2% of the measured values. By pretraining the artificial intelligence network using synthetic data, we can leverage existing physical models to reduce the amount of training data required.
PEC da segurança pública e seus potenciais reflexos nas polícias militares
Authors: Valente Fernando Santi
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem o escopo de abordar os potenciais impactos da Proposta de Emenda Constitucional (PEC) da Segurança Pública nas estruturas de segurança pública brasileiras, com ênfase na Polícia Militar, levando-se em consideração o fato do aludido regramento propor mudanças significativas, incluindo a constitucionalização do Sistema Único de Segurança Pública (SUSP), a padronização de protocolos operacionais e a atualização das competências da Polícia Federal (PF) e da Polícia Rodoviária Federal (PRF), cujos ajustes visam promover maior integração e eficiência nas ações de segurança pública, modernizar as práticas operacionais e fortalecer a cooperação entre os diferentes níveis de governo. Ademais, o texto discute a manutenção da autonomia estadual e as preocupações relacionadas à independência operacional das forças de segurança estaduais, ressaltando a importância de um equilíbrio entre integração nacional e autonomia regional para garantir a eficácia das políticas de segurança e atender às demandas da sociedade.
Exames médicos preditivos no trabalho e a ponderação de Robert Alexy
Authors: Crispim Thomas Venâncio , Oliveira Paulo Eduardo Vieira de
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo aborda a temática dos exames médicos preditivos no trabalho sob a ótica da máxima da proporcionalidade, com as diretrizes da teoria de Robert Alexy. Mediante o método de pesquisa bibliográfica, o artigo apresenta abordagens relevantes do tema, além de perpassar pela máxima da proporcionalidade e suas três dimensões proposta por Alexy. Trata-se de um estudo e análise hipotética, que, embora não possa excluir a necessária ponderação e análise casuística, visa colaborar no esclarecimento do assunto.
ДЕЯКІ ПИТАННЯ ЩОДО ЗВІЛЬНЕННЯ ВІД СПЛАТИ СУДОВОГО ЗБОРУ
Authors: Циркуненко О. В.
Published: February 2025

Метою даної стаття є висвітлення питання щодо забезпечення балансу між публічним інтересом при встановленні ставки судового розміру та приватним інтересом учасників судового щодо можливості сплати його домірного розміру. Реалізація гарантованого Конституцією України права на судовий захист напряму передбачає дотримання та виконання зацікавленою особою, чиє право потребує захисту, низки умов, які мають різноманітний характер. Автор наголошує, що сплата судового збору як одна з вимог доступу до суду не суперечить суті права на судовий захист, однак визначений законом розмір судового збору та фінансова спроможність сторін спору не можуть їх обмежувати в доступі до правосуддя. Визначення ставки судового збору встановлюється на основі норм Закону України «Про судовий збір» виходячи з виду судочинства, в рамках якого відбуватиметься розгляд та вирішення справи, інстанції суду, характеру спору, правового статусу сторін. Встановлюється, що судовий збір поєднує в собі як ознаки загальнообов’язкового збору, так і судових витрат на розгляд і вирішення справи. Неприпустимим є застосування до судового збору поняття «послуга», оскільки це дає розуміння можливості встановлення умов розгляду справи (виду провадження), строків розгляду справи та впливу на вирішення справи. Однак, останнім часом, все частіше постає питання щодо домірності розміру судового збору та розгляду питань щодо звільнення від його сплати при зверненні до суду. В статті здійснюється аналіз обов’язкових підстав для звільнення від сплати судового збору, а також диск реційних повноважень суду з зазначеного питання. Автор наводить приклади неоднакового застосування закону судами різних юрисдикцій, викриває недоліки законодавства та пропоную шляхи його вдосконалення.
Investigating the Antibacterial Effects of Cuminum cyminum and Foeniculum vulgare Essential Oils on Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Zakikhani Farnaz , Afshar Saman , Mirzaei Faezeh , Kazemian Maryam , Ataei Masjedlou Fatemeh , Taghinejad Javid
Published: February 2025

Background: Due to the increasing demand for new antibiotics, extensive research is being conducted on various compounds, particularly plant-based compounds. Among them, plant essential oils (EOs) have been investigated for their antibacterial properties in numerous studies. Accordingly, the inhibitory and bactericidal effects of Cuminum cyminum and Foeniculum vulgare EOs on two bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, were examined in this study. Methods: The compounds present in these extracts were evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Subsequently, molecular docking methods were employed to depict the interactions of these compounds with the active site of the beta-lactamase enzyme of these bacteria in three-dimensional illustrations. Results: Laboratory methods such as disk diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) revealed that although the bactericidal properties of these extracts were weak, they exhibited strong growth inhibitory properties, particularly the effect of F. vulgare EO on L. monocytogenes (MIC=1/104). Additionally, with the presence of p-cumin aldehyde at 33.7% in the cumin extract and trans-anethole at 46.5% in the fennel extract, molecular docking analyses showed that the binding ability and antibacterial properties of the cumin extract against E. coli by two hydrogen bonds and fennel extract against L. monocytogenes by two hydrogen bonds were more pronounced considering the level of binding energies. Conclusion: Although the extracts represented weak bactericidal properties, their strong inhibitory effects on bacterial growth, especially with F. vulgare EO on L. monocytogenes, are notable. Moreover, the active compounds, such as p-cumin aldehyde and trans-anethole, demonstrated significant potential as alternative antibacterial agents.
Investigating the Expression of Long Non-coding RNA Gene BANCR in Tumor Tissues and Adjacent Non-tumor Tissues of Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Nikanfar Raha , Nikanfar Alireza , Nikanfar Mahsa
Published: February 2025

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in its development and progression. Materials: In this study, we investigated the expression of BRAF-activated non-coding RNA (BANCR) in tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues of 123 breast cancer patients. Results: Our results showed that the expression of BANCR was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues. Based on the results, the mean fold change was 7.894 (P < 0.001). Moreover, the result revealed that the expression of BANCR was increased in patients with lymph node invasion in comparison to patients without lymph node invasion (LogFC = 1.358, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The study findings suggest that BANCR may be a potential biomarker for breast cancer; however, further research is needed to confirm these results.
Meanings of Being There as a Menopausal Woman: A qualitative Heideggerian Hermeneutic Phenomenology Approach
Authors: Shamsalizadeh Neda , Merghati Khoei Effat , Rimaz Shahnaz , Pierce Carolyn S. , Rouhana Nicole , Bayat Alireza , Swain Mary Ann
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Menopause experience is not only a biological experience and is affected by women’s culture. Failure to identify the cultural needs of menopausal women can result in lower quality of care and patient dissatisfaction. The purpose of this study was to explore the meanings of menopause through women’s lived experiences to identify how the meanings of menopause were infused by women’s socio-cultural context. Methods: Qualitative phenomenology research applying the Heidegger Hermeneutic approach was used. Data was collected from one focus group including 9 individuals and 9 individual in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was performed, and the themes related to the meanings of menopause were identified. Results: Two main themes were loss and stage. Subthemes for loss included femininity loss, loss of youth or aging, loss of health or disease, and loss of efficacy and competency. Subthemes related to the stage included the natural biophysiological stage and developmental womanhood stage. Menopause meanings were relative depending on losses and gains. Conclusions: Menopausal women revealed how social norms could positively or negatively infuse meanings to their existence. The language used for menopause revealed the underlying cultural meanings. When negative sociocultural messages about menopause were deposited to menopausal women’s beliefs, it was more likely that menopausal women link menopause to aging and a sense of loss. This study highlighted the importance of culturally competent care.
Comparing the effect of bananas and dates on the reactivity of the non-reactive fetus non-stress test: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Moazen Dehkordi Shirin , Taghipour Mahboubeh , Malekpour Afsaneh , Shabanian Sheida
Published: February 2025

Background and aims: The non-stress test (NST) is one of the pregnancy screening tests used to measure fetal well-being. Any factors that can increase the reactivity or reduce the time to reach reactivity in the NST test are beneficial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pregnant mothers’ consumption of bananas and dates on the reactivity of the non-reactive fetus NST test. Methods: One hundred sixty pregnant women with 37 weeks of pregnancy and more referred for fetus electrocardiography to the midwifery clinic of Hajar hospital in Shahrekord were randomly assigned into 4 groups, including group 1 (one banana and 500 cc water), group 2 (7 dates and 500 cc water), group 3 (25 g glucose and 500 cc water) and group 4 or control group (500 cc water). Before and one hour after the intervention, NST and the mother’s blood sugar were recorded. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: There were no significant differences between the gender of the fetus, blood glucose level, mean age of the mother, and mean gestational age in the studied groups at baseline (P>0.05). The abundance of non-reactive results in bananas plus water, dates plus water, glucose plus water, and water groups were 6 (15%), 11 (27.5%), 11 (27.5%), and 13 (32.5%), respectively. Based on the chi-square test, the frequency of reactive and non-reactive results in the studied groups showed no significant difference (P=0.315). Conclusion: According to the study results, consuming bananas before the NST test does not affect NST results, and blood glucose did not change in the groups before and after the intervention.
Review on non-thermal plasma technology: FROM aflatoxins degradation to effect on medicinal plants
Authors: Taki Kimia , Hosseinzadeh Samani Bahram
Published: February 2025

Background and aims: Aflatoxins, toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain fungi, pose significant risks to human and animal health due to their presence in food and agricultural products. Traditional methods of aflatoxin degradation often compromise product quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cold plasma technology in degrading aflatoxins while preserving the quality of the treated products. Methods: A comprehensive review of the current literature focused on studies that applied cold plasma technology for aflatoxin degradation. The analysis included parameters such as plasma generation methods, exposure times, and the impact on the nutritional and sensory quality of the treated products. Results: Cold plasma technology significantly degraded aflatoxins across different food matrices. Its low-temperature operation ensures minimal impact on the quality of agricultural and food products, making it especially suitable for temperature-sensitive items. The technology works by generating reactive species that target and neutralize the toxic properties of aflatoxins. Conclusion: Compared to traditional methods, cold plasma offers a safer and more efficient alternative for aflatoxin degradation. Cold plasma technology presents a promising solution for aflatoxin degradation with significant advantages over conventional methods. Its ability to maintain product quality while effectively neutralizing aflatoxins underscores its potential for broader application in food safety management. Further research is warranted to optimize its use and fully understand its implications for human and animal health.
Effects of vitamin C on cardiovascular oxidative stress induced by hypothyroidism in neonatal and juvenile rats
Authors: Beheshti Farimah , Mohebbati Reza , Hosseini Mahmoud , Niazmand Saeed , Mirzaei Masomeh , Hedayati-Moghadam Mahdiyeh , Paseban Maryam
Published: February 2025

Background and aims: Hypothyroidism and cardiovascular diseases are associated with oxidative stress. Vitamin C is widely recognized for its antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin C during the neonatal and juvenile periods on oxidative stress induced by hypothyroidism in the hearts of rats. Methods: Sixteen pregnant rats were randomly divided into five groups after delivery: a control group, a group receiving propylthiouracil (PTU), and three treatment groups receiving PTU along with 10, 100, and 500 mg/kg of vitamin C. The experimental treatments continued for the first eight weeks of the offspring’s life, following the lactation period, and the offspring were treated in the same manner. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed, and serum, aortic, and cardiac tissues were collected for antioxidant evaluation. Results: In the group receiving PTU, levels of thyroxine and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in serum, heart, and aortic tissues. In contrast, the groups receiving PTU along with various doses of vitamin C demonstrated an attenuation of these parameters. Conclusion: Based on the findings, vitamin C supplementation improved cardiovascular oxidative stress induced by hypothyroidism in rats.
The effects of empagliflozin in patients with type 1 diabetes: Results of a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Najafipour Mostafa , Najafipour Farzad , Ostadrahimi Alireza , Ghavami Maryam , Razaghi Zohreh , Tutunchi Helda , Mesri Alamdari Naimeh
Published: February 2025

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) acts as a key element in the reabsorption of glucose in the kidney. Currently, SGLT-2 inhibitors are FDA-approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is suggested that the mechanism of action may operate in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), as well. This study aimed to evaluate the application of empagliflozin as an adjunctive to insulin in patients with T1D. Methods: In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical study, 60 type 1 diabetic patients were randomly assigned to have either once-daily empagliflozin 10 mg or placebo, as an addition to insulin for 12 weeks. The hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2-hour post-prandial blood sugar, and anthropometric indices were measured before and after 12 weeks intervention. Results: After 12 weeks, empagliflozin resulted in significant reductions of hemoglobin A1C -0.18 (95% CI: -0.37, 0.005, P=0.009), FBS –2.60 mg/dL (95% CI: -6.48, 1.28, P=0.035), 2-hour post-prandial blood sugar -22.56 mg/dL (95% CI: -35.15, 8.97, P<0.0001), and total daily insulin dose –7.6 units (95% CI: -12.4, 2.8, P=0.003). Furthermore, empagliflozin reduced body mass index (BMI) by -0.560 kg (95% CI: -0.640, 1.46, P<0.0001). Empagliflozin was well tolerated in the patients. Also, no case of hypoglycemia, genital and urinary infections, or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was reported. Conclusion: The present study supported the use of empagliflozin alongside insulin as a treatment option for individuals with T1D. Trial Registration: http:// www.irct.ir, identifier: irct20130610013612N12, Registration date: 12/9/2022).