bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Identification to Characterization of the Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility Gene CLEC16A
Authors: Berge Tone , Leikfoss Ingvild , Harbo Hanne
Published: February 2013

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that develops in genetically susceptible individuals, probably triggered by common environmental factors. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci were early shown to confer the strongest genetic associations in MS. Now, more than 50 non-HLA MS susceptibility loci are identified, of which the majority are located in immune-regulatory genes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the C-type lectin-like domain family 16A (CLEC16A) gene were among the first non-HLA genetic variants that were confirmed to be associated with MS. Fine-mapping has indicated a primary association in MS and also other autoimmune diseases to intronic CLEC16A SNPs. Here, we review the identification of MS susceptibility variants in the CLEC16A gene region, functional studies of the CLEC16A molecule and the recent progress in understanding the implications thereof for MS development. This may serve as an example of the importance for further molecular investigation of the loci identified in genetic studies, with the aim to translate this knowledge into the clinic.
Synthesis, Characterization and Microwave-Promoted Catalytic Activity of Novel N-phenylbenzimidazolium Salts in Heck-Mizoroki and Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions under Mild Conditions
Authors: Yılmaz Ülkü , Küçükbay Hasan , Deniz Selma , Şireci Nihat
Published: February 2013

A number of novel benzimidazolium salts having aryl substituents such as N-phenyl, 4-chlorophenyl and various alkyl substituents were synthesized. Their microwave-assisted catalytic activities were evaluated in Heck-Mizoroki and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions using a catalytic system consisting of Pd(OAc)2/K2CO3 in DMF/H2O under mild reaction conditions with consistent high yields, except those of 2-bromopyridine.
Idx184 in Combination with Pegylated Interferon-α2A and Ribavirin for 2 Weeks in Treatment-Naive Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Lalezari Jacob , Box Terry , O'Riordan William , Mehra Purvi , Nguyen Tuan , Poordad Fred , DeJesus Edwin , Kwo Paul , Godofsky Eliot , Lawrence Shannon , Dubuc-Patrick Gloria , Chen Jie , McCarville Joseph , Pietropaolo Keith , Zhou Xiao-Jian , Sullivan-Bólyai John , Mayers Douglas
Published: February 2013

Background

IDX184 is a liver-targeted nucleotide prodrug that selectively inhibits HCV NS5B polymerase.

Methods

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study investigated the antiviral activity, safety and pharmacokinetics of IDX184 plus pegylated interferon-α2a and ribavirin (P/R) in treatment-naive patients with genotype-1 HCV. A total of 81 patients with baseline HCV RNA≥5 log10 IU/ml, alanine aminotransferase ≤3x upper limit of normal and compensated liver disease were dosed. Sequential cohorts of 20 patients, randomized 16:4 (active:placebo), received IDX184 for 14 days at rising daily doses of 50, 100, 150 or 200 mg in combination with P/R for 14 days.

Results

At the end of triple dosing, HCV RNA changes from baseline (mean ±sd log 10) and proportion of patients achieving undetectable viral load (<15 IU/ml) based on the efficacy-evaluable population were -2.7 ±1.3 (13%), -4.0 ±1.7 (50%), -4.2 ±1.9 (50%), -4.1 ±1.2 (40%), -4.3 ±1.5 (29%) and -3.7 ±1.2 (25%) for the 50 mg once daily, 50 mg twice daily, 100 mg once daily, 150 mg once daily, 100 mg twice daily and 200 mg once daily IDX184 doses, respectively. P/R alone resulted in a reduction of -1.5 ±1.3 log10 with only 6% of patients with undetectable viral load. Patients with genotypes-1a or -1b responded similarly. No viral breakthrough or resistance associated with IDX184 was observed. Anti-HCV activity of IDX184 correlated with plasma exposure of its nucleoside metabolite 2′-methylguanosine. Most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity and were consistent with those associated with P/R. The most common adverse events were fatigue and headache.

Conclusions

IDX184 in combination with P/R for 14 days was well tolerated and demonstrated greater antiviral activity with more patients achieving undetectable viral load than P/R.
Motherhood and creation in Lettres parisiennes – Nancy Huston’s perspective
Authors: Persson Ann-Sofie
Published: February 2013

Lettres parisiennes, correspondance entre Nancy Huston et Leïla Sebbar publiée en 1986, est avant tout consacrée à la question de l’exil et de l’identité, mais la tension souvent discutée entre la maternité et la création est également mise en relief. Le présent article a pour but d’analyser la perspective de Nancy Huston sur la question. Alors qu’elle rapporte au lecteur toutes les difficultés à combiner maternité et création, Huston montre comment la maternité fonctionne comme une source d’inspiration pour son travail d’écrivain, comme matière de ses lettres et comme point de départ pour des réflexions sur d’autres thèmes. Les références fréquentes aux précurseurs féministes telles Virginia Woolf et Simone de Beauvoir seront analysées tout au long de l’article dans une tentative de positionner Huston au sein de ce contexte féministe.
Management & Delivery of Digital Print via the Web
Authors: Papagiannidis Savvas , Li Feng
Published: February 2013

In this article, we use the experience of Gaia Fulfilment to demonstrate the challenges of developing and deploying collateral fulfillment, i.e., short-run print on demand via the Web. By discussing the technological innovations that Gaia achieved we will outline their product development steps and the solutions the technology enabled. We also show the benefits of collateral fulfillment by presenting two examples of customers that use Gaia’s technology. The paper concludes with the challenges that Gaia faced and ways they attempted to resolve them.
World Trade Point Federation
Authors: Dholakia Nikhilesh , Kshetria Nir
Published: February 2013

This case provides an overview of the roles of the Global Trade Point Network (GTPNet) in facilitating small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) adoption of the Internet and e-commerce technologies. The GTPNet puts potential and actual traders in the position of suppliers and users of strategic information. Using the services provided by a Trade Point, traders can identify markets for their products, complete export formalities and procedures, and meet other international trade related requirements on the spot. The functioning of the Trade Points program is also discussed in terms of three core aspects of the program: Market Point, Knowledge Point, and Info Point.
mVine Ltd
Authors: Berry Joanna
Published: February 2013

This paper analyzes a new digital music label — mVine.com — from conception in December 2003 to launch in March 2005. It discusses the turbulent context within which the company was launched and the particular individual strengths of the founding directors. The business model and specific revenue streams are described, and financial and marketing data are given to support the company’s launch development. A full description of how mVine operated initially as a virtual organization provides a full understanding of the benefits and challenges that such a company faces and the opportunity to discuss the strategies that mVine employed to overcome this. Technical information is given that explains how open source software was used to address issues of security and cost while reinforcing the company’s open and democratic ethic. An outline is given of the planned development of mVine from virtual startup to fully financed “clicks and mortar” corporate.
A Comparative Account of Joined-Up Government Initiatives in Dutch and Belgian Social Security
Authors: Homburg Vincent M.F
Published: February 2013

In this article, organizational and policy aspects of two national clearing house concepts are compared and discussed. In social security, Belgium has witnessed the emergence of the so called Cross Point Bank and the Netherlands have produced the RINIS initiative. Although both countries are rather comparable, they differ in terms of their politico-administrative structures. From the comparison of the antecedents of both initiatives and their form and shape, it is concluded that e-government is not a universal, necessarily converged concept and that institutions and institutional matter, not so much as to how e-government is talked about (rhetorical convergence), but especially for the ways in which e-government technologies are implemented in the real world of public administration. From the case study, there is little support for decisional and operational convergence of the e-government phenomenon.
Integration and Enterprise Architecture Challenges in E-Government
Authors: Weerakkody Vishanth , Janssen Marijn , Hjort-Madsen Kristian
Published: February 2013

Traditionally, government agencies are organized vertically around functional structures and there are almost no processes spanning departments and agencies. In such an environment, the coordination of business processes and integration of underlying information systems presents a significant challenge. Using case studies in three European countries, this research explores process and systems integration challenges in the European public sector and highlight opportunities for service improvement in the context of e-government implementation. While cross-organizational process and information systems integration barriers are seen in the literature as presenting the main technical challenge for realizing fully integrated e-government services, this research found that a legacy of rigid bureaucracy, established illogical routine tasks and lack of coordination of different information systems in the public sector were preventing the respective governments from expediting their e-government initiatives in Europe.
Generating Citizen Trust in E-Government Security
Authors: Tassabehji Rana , Elliman Tony , Mellor John
Published: February 2013

This is an eGISE network article. It is motivated by a concern about the extent to which trust issues inhibit a citizen’s take-up of online public sector services or engagement with public decision and policy making. A citizen’s decision to use online systems is influenced by their willingness to trust the environment and agency involved. This project addresses one aspect of individual “trust” decisions by providing support for citizens trying to evaluate the implications of the security infrastructure provided by the agency. Based on studies of the way both groups (citizens and agencies) express their concerns and concepts in the security area, the project will develop a software tool—a trust verification agent (TVA)—that can take an agency’s security statements (or security audit) and infer how effectively this meets the security concerns of a particular citizen. This will enable citizens to state their concerns and obtain an evaluation of the agency’s provision in appropriate “citizen friendly” language. Furthermore, by employing rule-based expert systems techniques, the TVA will also be able to explain its evaluation.
Jade crab apple
Authors: Khanizadeh Shahrokh , Granger Raymond , Dubé Claudine , Groleau Yvon
Published: February 2013

Khanizadeh, S., Granger, R., Dubé, C. and Groleau, Y. 2013. Jade crab apple. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 341–342. Jade is a winter-hardy, scab-resistant ornamental apple tree released by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Horticulture Research and Development Centre (HRDC), for Quebec and eastern and central Canada. Its name, ‘Jade’, which is of Spanish origin, is used because of the very shiny light green to yellowish ground colour of the fruits; Jade is named after the first author's daughter.
Impacts of urban land-surface forcing on ozone air quality in the Seoul metropolitan area
Authors: Ryu Y.-H. , Baik J.-J. , Kwak K.-H. , Kim S. , Moon N.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Modified local meteorology owing to heterogeneities in the urban–rural surface can affect urban air quality. In this study, the impacts of urban land-surface forcing on ozone air quality during a high ozone (O3) episode in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea, are investigated using a high-resolution chemical transport model (CMAQ). Under fair weather conditions, the temperature excess (urban heat island) significantly modifies boundary layer characteristics/structures and local circulations. The modified boundary layer and local circulations result in an increase in O3 levels in the urban area of 16 ppb in the nighttime and 13 ppb in the daytime. Enhanced turbulence in the deep urban boundary layer dilutes pollutants such as NOx, and this contributes to the elevated O3 levels through the reduced O3 destruction by NO in the NOx-rich environment. The advection of O3 precursors over the mountains near Seoul by the prevailing valley-breeze circulation in the mid- to late morning results in the build-up of O3 over the mountains in conjunction with biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions there. As the prevailing local circulation in the afternoon changes to urban-breeze circulation, the O3-rich air masses over the mountains are advected over the urban area. The urban-breeze circulation exerts significant influences on not only the advection of O3 but also the chemical production of O3 under the circumstances in which both anthropogenic and biogenic (natural) emissions play important roles in O3 formation. As the air masses that are characterized by low NOx and high BVOC levels and long OH chain length are advected over the urban area from the surroundings, the ozone production efficiency increases in the urban area. The relatively strong vertical mixing in the urban boundary layer embedded in the sea-breeze inflow layer reduces NOx levels, thus contributing to the elevated O3 levels in the urban area.
A unified approach to infrared aerosol remote sensing and type specification
Authors: Clarisse L. , Coheur P.-F. , Prata F. , Hadji-Lazaro J. , Hurtmans D. , Clerbaux C.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols impact air quality and global climate. Space based measurements are the best way to observe their spatial and temporal distributions, and can also be used to gain better understanding of their chemical, physical and optical properties. Aerosol composition is the key parameter affecting the refractive index, which determines how much radiation is scattered and absorbed. Composition of aerosols is unfortunately not measured by state of the art satellite remote sounders. Here we use high resolution infrared measurements for aerosol type differentiation, exploiting, in that part of spectrum, the dependency of their refractive index on wavelength. We review existing detection methods and present a unified detection method based on linear discrimination analysis. We demonstrate this method on measurements of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and five different aerosol types, namely volcanic ash, windblown sand, sulfuric acid droplets, ammonium sulfate and smoke particles. We compare these with traditional MODIS AOD measurements. The detection of the last three types is unprecedented in the infrared in nadir mode, but is very promising, especially for sulfuric acid droplets which are detected in the lower troposphere and up to 6 months after injection in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere.
Upper Arctic Ocean water masses harbor distinct communities of heterotrophic flagellates
Authors: Monier A. , Terrado R. , Thaler M. , Comeau A. M. , Medrinal E. , Lovejoy C.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The ubiquity of heterotrophic flagellates (HFL) in marine waters has been recognized for several decades, but the phylogenetic diversity of these small (ca. 0.8–20 μm cell diameter), mostly phagotrophic protists in the pelagic zone of the ocean is underappreciated. Community composition of microbes, including HFL, is the result of past and current environmental selection, and different taxa may be indicative of food webs that cycle carbon and energy very differently. While all oceanic water columns can be density stratified due to the temperature and salinity characteristics of different water masses, the Arctic Ocean is particularly well stratified, with nutrients often limiting in surface waters and most photosynthetic biomass confined to a subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) layer. This physically well-characterized system provided an opportunity to explore the community diversity of HFL across a wide region, and down the water column. We used high-throughput DNA sequencing techniques as a rapid means of surveying the diversity of HFL communities in the southern Beaufort Sea (Canada), targeting the surface, the SCM and just below the SCM. In addition to identifying major clades and their distribution, we explored the micro-diversity within the globally significant but uncultivated clade of marine stramenopiles (MAST-1) to examine the possibility of niche differentiation within the stratified water column. Our results strongly implied that HFL community composition was determined by water mass rather than geographical location across the Beaufort Sea. Future work should focus on the biogeochemical and ecological repercussions of different HFL communities in the face of climate driven changes to the physical structure of the Arctic Ocean.
Controlled experimental aquarium system for multi-stressor investigation: carbonate chemistry, oxygen saturation, and temperature
Authors: Bockmon E. E. , Frieder C. A. , Navarro M. O. , White-Kershek L. A. , Dickson A. G.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. As the field of ocean acidification has grown, researchers have increasingly turned to laboratory experiments to understand the impacts of increased CO2 on marine organisms. However, other changes such as ocean warming and deoxygenation are occurring concurrently with the increasing CO2 concentrations, complicating the anthropogenic impact on organisms. This experimental aquarium design allows for independent regulation of CO2 concentration, O2 levels, and temperature in a controlled environment to study the impacts of multiple stressors. The system has the flexibility for a wide range of treatment chemistry, seawater volumes, and study organisms. Control of the seawater chemistry is achieved by equilibration of a chosen gas mixture with seawater using a Liqui-Cel® membrane contactor. Included as examples, two experiments performed using the system have shown control of CO2 between approximately 500–1400 μatm and O2 from 80–240 μmol kg−1. Temperature has been maintained to 0.5 °C or better in the range of 10–17 °C. On a weeklong timescale, control results in variability in pH of less than 0.007 pH units and in oxygen concentration less than 3.5 μmol kg−1. Longer experiments, over a month, have been completed with reasonable but lessened control, still better than 0.08 pH units and 13 μmol kg−1 O2. The ability to study the impacts of multiple stressors in the laboratory simultaneously, as well as independently, will be an important part of understanding the response of marine organisms to a high-CO2 world.
Climate change and ocean acidification impacts on lower trophic levels and the export of organic carbon to the deep ocean
Authors: Yool A. , Popova E. E. , Coward A. C. , Bernie D. , Anderson T. R.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Most future projections forecast significant and ongoing climate change during the 21st century, but with the severity of impacts dependent on efforts to restrain or reorganise human activity to limit carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. A major sink for atmospheric CO2, and a key source of biological resources, the World Ocean is widely anticipated to undergo profound physical and – via ocean acidification – chemical changes as direct and indirect results of these emissions. Given strong biophysical coupling, the marine biota is also expected to experience strong changes in response to this anthropogenic forcing. Here we examine the large-scale response of ocean biogeochemistry to climate and acidification impacts during the 21st century for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5 using an intermediate complexity global ecosystem model, Medusa–2.0. The primary impact of future change lies in stratification-led declines in the availability of key nutrients in surface waters, which in turn leads to a global decrease (1990s vs. 2090s) in ocean productivity (−6.3%). This impact has knock-on consequences for the abundances of the low trophic level biogeochemical actors modelled by Medusa–2.0 (−5.8%), and these would be expected to similarly impact higher trophic level elements such as fisheries. Related impacts are found in the flux of organic material to seafloor communities (−40.7% at 1000 m), and in the volume of ocean suboxic zones (+12.5%). A sensitivity analysis removing an acidification feedback on calcification finds that change in this process significantly impacts benthic communities, suggesting that a better understanding of the OA-sensitivity of calcifying organisms, and their role in ballasting sinking organic carbon, may significantly improve forecasting of these ecosystems. For all processes, there is geographical variability in change, and changes are much more pronounced under RCP 8.5 than the RCP 2.6 scenario.
Effects of Competition and Quality on Hotel Pricing Policies in an Online Travel Agency
Authors: García Miguel Angel Ropero
Published: February 2013

This paper explores the effects of competition and service quality on pricing behaviour by hotels and tourist apartments in the Balearic and Canary Islands, Spain via an online travel agency. The results show that the price set decreases as the number of competitors increases and that the establishments offering higher quality service set their prices at a significantly higher value than other establishments. These effects increase in absolute value across the price distribution.
Welfare and Environmental Degradation in a Tourism-Based Economy
Authors: Hernández Juan M. , León Carmelo J.
Published: February 2013

This paper presents an endogenous growth model for a tourism economy that takes into account the particular interrelationships between natural and physical capital, the production of tourist services and environmental degradation. The model considers both infrastructure and environmental attributes as production factors, characterized by a predator–prey relationship arising from the negative influence of the development of physical infrastructure on the natural capital. A general condition for economic sustainability is derived from the model analysis. In addition, the transitional dynamics obtained by using specific functional forms depict the empirically observed tourist life cycle and extend the optimal paths obtained from the classical Ramsey model to the context of tourism-based economies strongly dependent on fragile environmental resources.
Research Note: Performance Improvement in a Small Hotel Chain
Authors: Chen Tien-Hui , Wu Sheu-Der , Wang Yueh-Yun , Shih Jui-Feng
Published: February 2013

This study applies dual analysis and data envelopment analysis for the performance improvement of a Taiwanese hotel chain. The aim is to ascertain what targets should be set for specific factors so that inefficient hotels can concentrate on those aspects of their performance that need improvement. The advantage of this approach is that managers can make better improvement-oriented decisions through a comparison of the total reduction in costs that can be achieved by various actions. Some practical management insights based on the results of this work are also presented.
Is the Tourism Sector Supportive of Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence on Romanian Tourism
Authors: Surugiu Camelia , Surugiu Marius Razvan
Published: February 2013

This paper studies the long-run relationships between tourism expansion and economic growth in Romania during the period 1988–2009. The empirical evidence highlights the nature of causal relationships, if any, between domestic travel and tourism spending, internal travel and tourism consumption, the gross domestic product annual growth rate and the real exchange rate. The paper uses the cointegration method and Granger causality analysis based on the vector error correction model (VECM) and impulse functions. The findings suggest that there are Granger causality relationships running from tourism expansion to economic growth, which sustains the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH). These results emphasize the need for more consistent tourism development plans and strategies to be implemented at national and regional levels by the governmental authorities.
Editorial: First Have Something to Say
Authors: Webb John
Published: February 2013

Editorial: First Have Something to Say
The MOSC Project: Using the OAI-PMH to Bridge Metadata Cultural Differences across Museums, Archives, and Libraries
Authors: Roel Eulalia
Published: February 2013

The MetaScholar Initiative of Emory UniversityLibraries, in collaboration with the Center for the Studyof Southern Culture, the Atlanta History Center, and theGeorgia Music Hall of Fame, received an Institute ofMuseum and Library Services grant to develop a newmodel for library-museum-archives collaboration. Thiscollaboration will broaden access to resources for learningcommunities through the use of the Open ArchivesInitiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAIPMH). The project, titled Music of Social Change(MOSC), will use OAI-PMH as a tool to bridge thewidely varying metadata standards and practices acrossmuseums, archives, and libraries. This paper will focusspecifically on the unique advantages of the use of OAIPMH to concurrently maximize the exposure of metadataemergent from varying metadata cultures.
Document-Management Technology and Acquisitions Workflow: A Case Study in Invoice Processing
Authors: Farrell Katharine Treptow , Lute Janet E.
Published: February 2013

Library acquisitions has moved from paper to online records for ordering and receiving, but the audit archive for invoices has remained largely paper based. Document-management technology (DMT) offers a solution to this condition. The authors survey the literature on DMT and its potential for use in the library acquisitions environment. This article considers the rationale and policy decisions that underpin the elimination of paper in favor of image files as an audit archive in library materials invoicing. A case study of the implementation of DMT to support and enhance traditional invoice processing in the acquisitions department of a large research library is included.
I, Librarian
Authors: Kruger Hilda
Published: February 2013

The fast and continuous technological change that is characteristic of the information society we find ourselves in has demonstrable impact on the way librarians go about their business. This paper offers a scenario of technological changes already in the pipeline and yet to come, and how those changes will impact the role of librarians in the future. One of the main concerns of this paper is the continued relevance of information professionals as infomediaries in our future society.
To the Benefit of Both: Academic Librarians Connect with Middle School Teachers through a Digitized History Resources Workshop
Authors: Shires Nancy P.
Published: February 2013

A workshop sponsored by the North Carolina Collection at East Carolina University to familiarize middle school teachers with the Eastern Carolina Digital History Exhibits and provide lesson plans for the site revealed (1) the need for teachers and librarians to work more closely together in the design and use of new digital history resources and (2) the benefits of cooperative efforts. Although the K–12 community generally welcomes digital resources, teachers face important challenges, such as redesigning the curriculum. What the teachers had to say, as well as a few other unexpected findings, proved beneficial to the librarians in creating sites. Small workshops were shown to be useful to both teachers and librarians.
Project-Management Tools for Libraries: A Planning and Implementation Model Using Microsoft Project 2000
Authors: Zhang Ying , Bishop Corinne
Published: February 2013

This paper discusses how Microsoft Project 2000 was utilized at the University of Central Florida Libraries to manage an e-reference implementation project. As libraries today adopt more information technologies, efficiently managing projects can be challenging. The authors’ experience in the implementation of QuestionPoint e-reference software in October 2003 is described. Their conclusion illustrates that project-management tools, such as Microsoft Project 2000, offer practical workflow-management techniques for libraries. This article represents the first attempt to discuss the use of Microsoft Project 2000 to manage a library project.
The Open Access Initiative: A New Paradigm for Scholarly Communications
Authors: Yiotis Kristin
Published: February 2013

This paper gives an account of the origin and development of the Open Access Initiative (OAI) and the digital technology that enables its existence. The researcher explains the crisis in scholarly communications and how open access (OA) can reform the present system. OA has evolved two systems for delivering research articles: OA archives or repositories and OA journals. They differ in that OA journals conduct peer review and OA archives do not. Discussion focuses on how these two delivery systems work, including such topics as OAI, local institutional repositories, Eprints self-archiving software, cross-archives searching, metadata harvesting, and the individuals who invented OA and organizations that support it.
WikiWikiWebs: New Ways to Communicate in a Web Environment
Authors: Chawner Brenda , Lewis Paul H.
Published: February 2013

This paper introduces WikiWikiWeb software, also known as Wiki, for use in library and information management contexts. Wikis provide an environment for Web-based collaboration and can also be used for Web site content management. The article includes an overview of the history and development of Wiki, as well as discussing basic and advanced Wiki features. It compares three Wiki engines and describes seven case studies of real-world library and library-related Wiki applications. The paper concludes with a discussion of factors that can contribute to a successful Wiki project.
President's Column
Authors: Mullin Patrick
Published: February 2013

President's Column
Digital Collection Management through the Library Catalog
Authors: Brenner Michaela , Larsen Tom , Weston Claudia
Published: February 2013

Digitization has bestowed upon librarians and archivists of the late 20th and early 21st centuries the opportunity to reexamine how they access their collections. It draws these two traditional groups together with IT specialists in order to collaborate on this new great challenge. In this paper, the authors offer a strategy for adapting a library system to traditional archival practice.
A Dynamic Methodology for Improving the Search Experience
Authors: Kerchner Marcia D.
Published: February 2013

In the early years of modern information retrieval, the fundamental way in which we understood and evaluated search performance was by measuring precision and recall. In recent decades, however, models of evaluation have expanded to incorporate the information-seeking task and the quality of its outcome, as well as the value of the information to the user. We have developed a systems engineering-based methodology for improving the whole search experience. The approach focuses on understanding users’ information-seeking problems, understanding who has the problems, and applying solutions that address these problems. This information is gathered through ongoing analysis of site-usage reports, satisfaction surveys, Help Desk reports, and a working relationship with the business owners.
Usability Testing of a Large, Multidisciplinary Library Database: Basic Search and Visual Search
Authors: Fagan Jody Condit
Published: February 2013

Visual search interfaces have been shown by researchers to assist users with information search and retrieval. Recently, several major library vendors have added visual search interfaces or functions to their products. For public service librarians, perhaps the most critical area of interest is the extent to which visual search interfaces and text-based search interfaces support research. This study presents the results of eight full-scale usability tests of both the EBSCOhost Basic Search and Visual Search in the context of a large liberal arts university.
OpenSearch and SRU: A Continuum of Searching
Authors: LeVan Ralph
Published: February 2013

Not all library content can be exposed as HTML pages for harvesting by search engines such as Google and Yahoo!. If a library instead exposes its content through a local search interface, that content can then be found by users of metasearch engines such as A9 and Vivísimo. The functionality provided by the local search engine will affect the functionality of the metasearch engine and the findability of the library’s content. This paper describes that situation and some emerging standards in the metasearch arena that choose different balance points between functionality and ease of implementation.
Checking Out Facebook.com: The Impact of a Digital Trend on Academic Libraries
Authors: Charnigo Laurie , Barnett-Ellis Paula
Published: February 2013

While the burgeoning trend in online social networks has gained much attention from the media, few studies in library science have yet to address the topic in depth. This article reports on a survey of 126 academic librarians concerning their perspectives toward Facebook.com, an online network for students. Findings suggest that librarians are overwhelmingly aware of the “Facebook phenomenon.” Those who are most enthusiastic about the potential of online social networking suggested ideas for using Facebook to promote library services and events. Few individuals reported problems or distractions as a result of patrons accessing Facebook in the library. When problems have arisen, strict regulation of access to the site seems unfavorable. While some librarians were excited about the possibilities of Facebook, the majority surveyed appeared to consider Facebook outside the purview of professional librarianship.
Introducing Zoomify Image
Authors: Smith Adam
Published: February 2013

Zoomify Image is a mature product for easily publishing large, high-resolution images on the Web. End users view these images with existing Webbrowser software as quickly as they do normal, downsampled images. A Flash-based Zoomifyer client asynchronously streams image data to the Web browser as needed, resulting in response times approaching those of desktop applications using minimal bandwidth. The author, a librarian at Cornell University and the principal architect of a small, open-source company, worked closely with Zoomify to produce a cross-platform, opensource implementation of that company’s image-processing software and discusses how to easily deploy the product into a widely used Webpublishing environment. Limitations are also discussed as are areas of improvement and alternatives.
Editorial: The Virtues of Deliberation
Authors: Webb John
Published: February 2013

Editorial: The Virtues of Deliberation
Index Blending: Enabling the Development of Definitive, Discipline-Specific Resources
Authors: Brooks Sam , Herrick Mark
Published: February 2013

Index Blending is the process of database development whereby various components are merged and refined to create a single encompassing source of information. Once a research need is determined for a given area of study, existing resources are examined for value and possible contribution to the end product. Index Blending focuses on the quality of bibliographic records as the primary factor with the addition of full text to enhance the end user’s research experience as an added convenience. Key examples of the process of Index Blending involve the fields of communication and mass media, hospitality and tourism, as well as computers and applied sciences. When academia, vendors, subject experts, lexicographers, and other contributors are brought together through the various factors associated with Index Blending, relevant discipline-specific research may be greatly enhanced.
Open Source Wifi Hotspot Implementation
Authors: Sondag Tyler , Feher Jim
Published: February 2013

The goal of this paper is to describe a design—including the hardware, software, and configuration––for an open source wireless network. The network designed will require authentication. While care will be taken to keep the authentication exchange secure, the network will otherwise transmit data without encryption.
Enterprise Digital Asset Management System Pilot: Lessons Learned
Authors: Kim Yong-Mi , Ahronheim Judy , Suzuka Kara , King Louis E. , Bruell Dan , Miller Ron , Johnson Lynn
Published: February 2013

Enterprise digital asset management (DAM) systems are beginning to be explored in higher education, but little information about their implementation issues is available. This article describes the University of Michigan’s investigation of managing and retrieving rich media assets in an enterprise DAM system. It includes the background of the pilot project and descriptions of its infrastructure and metadata schema. Two case studies are summarized—one in healthcare education, and one in teacher education and research. Experiences with five significant issues are summarized: privacy, intellectual ownership, digital rights management, uncataloged materials backlog, and user interface and integration with other systems.
Editorial: Beginnings
Authors: Truitt Marc
Published: February 2013

Editorial: Beginnings
Revitalizing the Library OPAC: Interface, Searching, and Display Challenges
Authors: Mi Jia , Weng Cathy
Published: February 2013

The behavior of academic library users has drastically changed in recent years. Internet search engines have become the preferred tool over the library online public access catalog (OPAC) for finding information. Libraries are losing ground to online search engines. In this paper, two aspects of OPAC use are studied: (1) the current OPAC interface and searching capabilities, and (2) the OPAC bibliographic display. The purpose of the study is to find answers to the following questions: Why is the current OPAC ineffective? What can libraries and librarians do to deliver an OPAC that is as good as search engines to better serve our users? Revitalizing the library OPAC is one of the pressing issues that has to be accomplished.
FRBRization of a Library Catalog: Better Collocation of Records, Leading to Enhanced Search, Retrieval, and Display
Authors: Dickey Timothy J.
Published: February 2013

The Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)’s hierarchical system defines families of bibliographic relationship between records and collocates them better than most extant bibliographic systems. Certain library materials (especially audio-visual formats) pose notable challenges to search and retrieval; the first benefits of a FRBRized system would be felt in music libraries, but research already has proven its advantages for fine arts, theology, and literature—the bulk of the non-science, technology, and mathematics collections. This report will summarize the benefits of FRBR to nextgeneration library catalogs and OPACs, and will review the handful of ILS and catalog systems currently operating with its theoretical structure.
Content-Based Information Retrieval and Digital Libraries
Authors: Wan Gary (Gang) , Liu Zao
Published: February 2013

This paper discusses the applications and importance of content-based information retrieval technology in digital libraries. It generalizes the process and analyzes current examples in four areas of the technology. Content-based information retrieval has been shown to be an effective way to search for the type of multimedia documents that are increasingly stored in digital libraries. As a good complement to traditional textbased information retrieval technology, content-based information retrieval will be a significant trend for the development of digital libraries.
Touchable Online Braille Generator
Authors: Jeong Wooseob
Published: February 2013

A prototype of a touchable online Braille generator has been developed for the visually impaired or blind using force feedback technology, which has been used in video games for years. Without expensive devices, this prototype allows blind people to access information on the Web by touching output Braille displays with a force feedback mouse. The data collected from user studies conducted with blind participants has provided valuable information about the optimal conditions for the use of the prototype. The end product of this research will enable visually impaired people to enjoy information on the Web more freely.
President's Message
Authors: Beatty Mark
Published: February 2013

President's Message
President's Message
Authors: Pace Andrew K.
Published: February 2013

President's Message
Evaluation of the New Jersey Digital Highway
Authors: Jeng Judy
Published: February 2013

The aim of this research is to study the usefulness of the New Jersey Digital Highway (NJDH, www.njdigitalhighway.org) and its portal structure. The NJDH intends to provide an immersive and user-centered portal for New Jersey history and culture. The research recruited 145 participants and used a Web-based questionnaire that contained three sections: for everyone, for educators, and for curators. The feedback on the usefulness of the NJDH was positive and the portal structure was favorable. The research uncovered several reasons why some collections did not want to or could not participate. The findings also suggested priorities for further development. This study is one of the few on the evaluation of cultural heritage digital library.
“Just-in-Case” Answers: The Twenty-FirstCentury Vertical File
Authors: Dalrymple Tam
Published: February 2013

“Just-in-Case” Answers: The Twenty-FirstCentury Vertical File
President's Message: LITA Forever
Authors: Pace Andrew K.
Published: February 2013

President's Message: LITA Forever
Can Bibliographic Data be Put Directly onto the Semantic Web?
Authors: Yee Martha M.
Published: February 2013

This paper is a think piece about the possible future of bibliographic control; it provides a brief introduction to the Semantic Web and defines related terms, and it discusses granularity and structure issues and the lack of standards for the efficient display and indexing of bibliographic data. It is also a report on a work in progress—an experiment in building a Resource Description Framework (RDF) model of more FRBRized cataloging rules than those about to be introduced to the library community (Resource Description and Access) and in creating an RDF data model for the rules. I am now in the process of trying to model my cataloging rules in the form of an RDF model, which can also be inspected at http://myee.bol.ucla.edu/. In the process of doing this, I have discovered a number of areas in which I am not sure that RDF is sophisticated enough yet to deal with our data. This article is an attempt to identify some of those areas and explore whether or not the problems I have encountered are soluble—in other words, whether or not our data might be able to live on the Semantic Web. In this paper, I am focusing on raising the questions about the suitability of RDF to our data that have come up in the course of my work.
Public Access Technologies in Public Libraries: Effects and Implications
Authors: Bertot John Carlo
Published: February 2013

Public libraries were early adopters of Internet-based technologies and have provided public access to the Internet and computers since the early 1990s. The landscape of public-access Internet and computing was substantially different in the 1990s as the World Wide Web was only in its initial development. At that time, public libraries essentially experimented with publicaccess Internet and computer services, largely absorbing this service into existing service and resource provision without substantial consideration of the management, facilities, staffing, and other implications of public-access technology (PAT) services and resources. This article explores the implications for public libraries of the provision of PAT and seeks to look further to review issues and practices associated with PAT provision resources. While much research focuses on the amount of public access that public libraries provide, little offers a view of the effect of public access on libraries. This article provides insights into some of the costs, issues, and challenges associated with public access and concludes with recommendations that require continued exploration.
Adding Delicious Data to Your Library Website
Authors: Darby Andrew , Gilmour Ron
Published: February 2013

Social bookmarking services such as Delicious offer a simple way of developing lists of library resources. This paper outlines various methods of incorporating data from a Delicious account into a webpage. We begin with a description of Delicious Linkrolls and Tagrolls, the simplest but least flexible method of displaying Delicious results. We then describe three more advanced methods of manipulating Delicious data using RSS, JSON, and XML. Code samples using PHP and JavaScript are provided.
Editorial: Reflections on What We Mean by “Forever”
Authors: Truitt Marc
Published: February 2013

Editorial: Reflections on What We Mean by “Forever”
Monitoring Network and Service Availability with Open-Source Software
Authors: Silver T. Michael
Published: February 2013

Silver describes the implementation of a monitoring system using an open-source software package to improve the availability of services and reduce the response time when troubles occur. He provides a brief overview of the literature available on monitoring library systems, and then describes the implementation of Nagios, an open-source network monitoring system, to monitor a regional library system’s servers and wide area network. Particular attention is paid to using the plug-in architecture to monitor library services effectively. The author includes example displays and configuration files.

 

Editor’s note: This article is the winner of the LITA/Ex Libris Writing Award, 2009.
Tending a Wild Garden: Library Web Design for Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Vandenbark R. Todd
Published: February 2013

Nearly one-fifth of Americans have some form of disability, and accessibility guidelines and standards that apply to libraries are complicated, unclear, and difficult to achieve. Understanding how persons with disabilities access Web-based content is critical to accessible design. Recent research supports the use of a database-driven model for library Web development. Existing technologies offer a variety of tools to meet disabled patrons’ needs, and resources exist to assist library professionals in obtaining and evaluating product accessibility information from vendors. Librarians in charge of technology can best serve these patrons by proactively updating and adapting services as assistive technologies improve.
The Path toward Global Interoperability in Cataloging
Authors: Tolkoff Ilana
Published: February 2013

Libraries began in complete isolation with no uniformity of standards and have grown over time to be ever more interoperable. This paper examines the current steps toward the goal of universal interoperability. These projects aim to reconcile linguistic and organizational obstacles, with a particular focus on subject headings, name authorities, and titles.