bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF FRONTLINE HEALTH WORKERS KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS TUBERCULOSIS SCREENING IN OYO STATE
Authors: Adeniyi Ayobami Adeniran , Dora Akinboye
Published: April 2022

Background: A good knowledge of Tuberculosis (TB) and favourable attitudinal disposition of frontline health workers (FLHWs) would be required to improve TB diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and to reach global eradication targets. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge and attitudinal disposition of frontline health workers towards Tuberculosis screening and case finding in Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among FLHWs in Oyo State, Nigeria. Respondents were randomly selected, health workers at DOTS and ART units were excluded from the study. A sample size of 102 was calculated based on results of previous study (Global Fund, 2018). A confidence interval of 95% and absolute precision of 0.05 were used. Eighteen (18) Local Government Areas (LGAs) out of 33 in the State were randomly selected and 5 FLHWs meeting the inclusion criteria across 5 health facilities were selected at each LGA. The study was approved by the Babcock university health research ethical committee (BUHREC). Signed consents were also obtained from the respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire comprising of 43 questions covering socio-demographic information (13), knowledge (15) and attitude (15) of the respondents. It was developed based on WHO Advocacy, communication and social mobilization for TB control: A guide to developing knowledge, attitude and practice surveys instrument(World Health Organization, 2008). Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20. Results were presented in percentages and proportions. The association between knowledge and attitude was tested using chi-square. Significance was considered at a p-value < 0.05. Results Socio-demographic data shows that 71% (71/100) of the respondents were aged 40 years and above, 88% (88/100) were females and the CHOs were the most prominent cadre- 64% (64/100). Total knowledge score ranged from 7 to 13 with an average total knowledge score of 10.7 (SD 1.4) with only 34% (34/100) having good knowledge of Tuberculosis. Attitudinal scores ranged from 5 to 13, mean attitudinal score was 8.59 (SD 2.225). Only 11 percent (11/100) of the respondents had a good attitude towards TB screening, a larger proportion (80%) had fair attitude while 9% had poor attitude. Chi-Square test of association shows a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude X2 (2, N=100) = 9.992, p = .007, effect size was however low 0.25. Conclusion: Knowledge and attitudinal disposition of frontline health workers to TB and TB screening in Oyo State is sub-optimal. Further studies might be needed to examine the effect of structured training towards improving health workers attitude towards TB services including screening.
Financing in the alternative securities market: Economic and financial impact on SMEs
Authors: Salazar-Rebaza Carola , Aguilar-Sotelo Fioreny , Zegarra-Alva Monica , Cordova-Buiza Franklin
Published: April 2022

In Latin America, SMEs have difficulty accessing sources of financing that allow them to obtain more significant growth and strengthen their economic activity. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the impact of financing in the alternative securities market (MAV) on the economic and financial situation of Peruvian SMEs during 2017–2020. The methodology used in this study is a quantitative approach, descriptive, non-experimental design, and longitudinal measurement. In addition, a documentary analysis technique is employed. The population included 17 SMEs financed in the MAV; the paper considers the financial statements of 6 companies in the last 4 years as a sample. The results obtained show that SMEs financed through the MAV are of different categories and economic activities. Likewise, there is a predisposition of these in the issuance and placement of short-term instruments, determining a favorable economic and financial situation through the analysis of financial indicators, with sustainable profitability growth and an acceptable liquidity and solvency situation. The conclusion is that financing in the alternative securities market has contributed to the improvement of SMEs’ economic and financial state, allowing for sustainable growth and opportunities to diversify their operations.
Strategizing and Lifelong Education Development
Authors: Shackaya Irina
Published: April 2022

Continuous, or life-long education is a factor of human potential development and an essential element of national wealth. Its strategizing is an important tool of human potential management at all social levels. The present research featured the concept of lifelong education, its impact on human potential development, and its strategizing in Russia. The study was based on Professor V.L. Kvint’s theory and methodology of strategizing. The article introduces the foundations for strategizing the lifelong education in Russia. The author also performed an OTSW analysis, which revealed some related difficulties, associated with the fragmented character of academic environment and the lack of consistent systemic management. Therefore, an effective lifelong education strategy requires a new, more coherent methodology.
Strategic priorities for regional health development in the context of world and industry trends
Authors: Morozova Yuliya
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the problem of strategizing the healthcare development in various regions of Russia. Study objects and methods. The present research featured the regional strategies of socio-economic development, the regional and federal strategies of healthcare development, and various indicators of the socio-economic development of public health in Russia and its regions. The research was based on the strategizing methodology developed by V.L. Kvint, Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It also included OTSW, comparative, and statistical analyses. Results and discussion. The author used global and sectoral trends to define the strategic priorities of healthcare development in the regions of Russia, e.g. digital organizational transformation, healthy lifestyle promotion, and medical literacy popularization. Conclusion. Regional healthcare development should be strategized based on an integrated approach to the socio-economic development of the region. Regional life quality ratings should take into account social, economic, and healthcare indicators, as well as environmental and climatic factors.
Strategic Ideas of V.L. Kvint’s Amir Timur and His Strategic Leadership: Notes on the Code (Series “Library of the Strategist”)
Authors: Turdiev Talaay
Published: April 2022

The article reviews V.L. Kvint’s recent book about Amir Timur and his strategic leadership (2021). The analysis revealed some promising directions for strategic development, as well as social and economic aspects of the main provisions. The author comments upon the socio-economic significance of Amir Timur’s strategic decisions that can be effective in modern conditions.
Suitability of water quality index methods for assessing groundwater quality in the Ganges River basin area
Authors: Islam Md. Shajedul , Mostafa M. G.
Published: April 2022

This study considered three different water quality indices (WQIs) for groundwater data collected from the middle-west part of Bangladesh, and the quantitative results were justified with the globally accepted water quality guidelines. It compared the results between the Canadian WQI with the Weighted Average WQI, and the Canadian WQI and Mierels WQI for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. The results revealed that the Canadian method categorized water as ‘fair’ quality while the Weighted WQI model results showed ‘unsuitable’ for drinking usage. Besides, the Meireles method showed that the water quality is classified as ‘good’ to ‘excellent’, while the categorization of the groundwater using the Canadian method was ‘fair’ to ‘good’ for the suitability of irrigation. When comparing the results of the Canadian method with the Weighted Average technique for drinking, the latter one gave the abnormal results; and pair difference statistics showed the significant negative correlation (r=−0.91) between them. Similarly, the analysis of the two methods (Canadian and Mierels) for irrigation use exhibited that there was no statistical variance between the two techniques at a significant correlation matrix (r=+0.71). The study concluded that the Canadian WQI for drinking and Mierels WQI for irrigation would deliver better results.
Hydrological response in a highly urbanized watershed in China
Authors: Ren Meifang , Villarini Gabriele , Pang Bo , Xu Zongxue , Du Longgang , Wang Yichen
Published: April 2022

Urbanization has a strong signal on the hydrologic cycle, leading to reduced infiltration and faster and larger runoff. However, the detailed analysis of the contribution of urbanization to different quantiles of discharge is still lacking; particularly, less is known in watersheds that have been experiencing such large and rapid urbanization as those in China. Here, we focus on the Wenyu watershed, a rapidly urbanizing basin located in the Beijing metropolitan area. Using a statistical attribution framework, we examine the hydrological response to the increasing urbanization across a wide range of discharge quantiles, from low to high flows; moreover, we perform analyses at the seasonal scale to capture differences in the physical processes at play during the year. Results indicate that the selected GAMLSS (generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape) models can capture well the variability in streamflow in this highly urbanized basin, with the average Spearman correlation coefficients between observations and the median of the fitted models of 0.84, 0.79, and 0.81 in spring, summer, and winter, respectively. Overall, urbanization played a different role in the different seasons and discharge quantiles. More specifically, we find its strongest impact to be in winter and spring, and for low and median quantiles. The role of precipitation is the strongest in summer, and it increases as we move toward the upper tail of the discharge distribution, especially above the 55th percentile, for which precipitation is selected as the only important predictor. Recycled water, on the other hand, tends to play a more dominant role in winter and spring.

HIGHLIGHTS Urbanization has a strong signal on the hydrologic cycle; however, less is known in watersheds that have been experiencing such large and rapid urbanization. In this research, we focus on a fast urbanizing basin, and the hydrological responses to the increasing urbanization have been examined. The quantification of the impacts of drivers for different discharge quantiles and seasons has been examined. Urbanization plays a decreasing role towards the upper tail of the distribution.
Assessing climate change impacts on hydrology: application to Zacapu and Pastor Ortiz aquifers (Mexico)
Authors: Flores-Fernández Giovanni Carlo , García-Romero Liliana , Sánchez-Quispe Sonia Tatiana
Published: April 2022

The agricultural and urban water requirements in the Angulo River basin (Mexico) along with land-use change and deforestation have caused great pressure on the region's groundwater availability. The potential climate change impact on groundwater levels of the Zacapu and Pastor Ortiz aquifers is evaluated in this study, using the climate model CMIP5, the hydrological module EVALHID, and the groundwater module AQUIVAL. The regional outputs from three Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) climate scenarios (RCP 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5), for near future (2015–2039) and distant future (2075–2099) projections, indicate that the average annual temperature is expected to increase while a decrease in precipitation is projected over the basin. The assessment of infiltration and water level evolution in these groundwater systems indicates an infiltration reduction between 1.5 and 23%, producing a static level drop between 20 and 30 m in both aquifers.
The monitoring approaches and non-destructive testing technologies for sewer pipelines
Authors: Wang Yajian , Li Pengpeng , Li Jianfeng
Published: April 2022

Sewage pipe deterioration has been one of the factors causing huge asset losses and urban hazards worldwide. For more efficient and reliable management, a variety of monitoring and non-destructive testing techniques has been developed for defect inspection and condition assessment of sewer pipes. In the present paper, the monitoring approaches of sewage pipes in the form of operational monitoring, structural monitoring, and durability monitoring are outlined. The fundamentals and features of various non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for different target detect locations are presented. The stereo vision, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), and laser 3D scanning technologies that might serve to architect the digital twin of the pipeline are also described. What's more, the capabilities and limitations of these technologies are discussed and summarized in tables. Some possible visions for the development of inspection and quantitative evaluation of sewage pipes are also discussed. In practice, it is suggested that visual inspection techniques are the most feasible for the evaluation of underground pipes. In terms of quantitative and automated evaluation, visual inspection robots equipped with stereo vision or laser 3D scanning technology are the most promising.
Investigating Biological Properties of Zinc Oxide/Curcumin Nanocomposites
Synthesized from Stachys byzantina Extract by Green Synthesis
Authors: Roya Safarkar , Elham Hosseinian , Adalat Hosseinian , Hanieh Pourfaraj
Published: April 2022

Aim and Objective:

Nanotechnology attempts to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles and curcumin have been shown to be antimicrobial agents and
promising anticancer agents, both on their own as well as in combination, and this incorporation
will likely improve these properties via a possible additive effect.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was done by the
distilled extract of Stachys byzantina via the co-precipitation method, which is an economical and
eco-friendly green synthesis method. Then, curcumin was loaded to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Antibacterial
efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against five intracellular bacteria;
moreover, cytotoxicity was evaluated on breast cancer cells.

Results:

To confirm the synthesis and characterization of the nanoparticles, some techniques, such
as XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDX were used. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of biosynthetic
zinc oxide/curcumin nanocomposites was evaluated against selected bacterial strains. The uniform
spherical nature of the zinc oxide nanoparticles was observed in the FESEM images, with the particle
sizes ranging from 20 to 40 nm. The EDX spectrum showed the presence of C, O, and Zn and
curcumin uptake on zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Conclusion:

The zinc oxide/curcumin nanocomposites demonstrated an effective antibacterial effect
in the disk diffusion method against five bacterial species. Furthermore, the zinc oxide/
curcumin nanocomposites showed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of breast cancer
cells in the MTT test. Thus, it seems that the synthesized zinc oxide/curcumin nanocomposites
have promising high potential antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects.
Copper-catalyzed C-N Bond Cleavage: Synthesis of N-sulfonylformamidines
from N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)benzenesulfonamides
Authors: Dai Liyan , Wang Xiaozhong , Zhao Qihang , Fang Yangyang , Cai Menglu , Chen Yingqi
Published: April 2022

A broad range of N-sulfonyformamidines, widely used intermediates for drugs, were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields from 2-Pyridinemethanamine as N-source via Copper-catalyzed C-N cleavage. Firstly, N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)benzenesulfonamides were smoothly synthesized via 2-pyridinemethanamine and sulfonyl chlorides, then reacted with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal to obtain the corresponding N-Sulfonylformamidines analogs, during which pyridin-2-ylmethyl and sulfonyl groups were essential for the C-N bond cleavage. The current work presents a valuable complementarity to the synthesis of N-sulfonyformamidines as 2-pyridinemethanamine can provide the N source and sulfonyl chloride,s which could be original materials.

Background:

N-sulfonylamidines have gained considerable attention from schools and industries because of their unique bioactivity. Since Pinner’s strategy, expanding the synthesis methods of N-sulfonylamidines has been the goal of many organic chemists over the past decades. Besides the crash reaction conditions and the participation of undesirable reagents, the production of N-sulfonylamidines commonly required unstable ammonia and azides as the source of nitrogen that hindered the further development and application of N-sulfonylamidine derivatives.

Objective:

The study aims to find a stable N source to replace NaN3 or NH3 to synthesize N-sulfonylamidines from sulfonyl chlorides.

Methods:

Firstly, N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)benzenesulfonamides were smoothly synthesized via 2-pyridinemethanamine and sulfonyl chlorides. Then the reaction conditions of N-(2-pyridinylmethyl) benzenesulfonamides and N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF-DMA) were screened and optimized. The reaction was processed in glycol at 80 ℃ for 8 hours with the addition of 5 mol% Cu(OAc)2·H2O as a catalyst.

Results:

Taking advantage of pyridin-2-ylmethyl, a scope of N-Sulfonylformamidines were synthesized from those N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)benzenesulfonamides under copper-catalyzed C-N bond cleavage.

Conclusion:

This ready synthetic method will be more of a promising inspiration for bioactive compound synthesis and drug development than for an innovative approach to synthesizing N-sulfonylformamidines.
Detecting Oral Cancer: The Potential of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Rai Ritu , Vats Rishabh , Kumar Manoj
Published: April 2022

Background:

Physical inspection is a simple way to diagnose oral cancer. Most cases of oral cancer, on the contrary, are diagnosed late, resulting in needless mortality and morbidity. While highrisk screening populations appears to be helpful, these people are often found in areas with minimal access to health care. In this paper, we have reviewed several aspects related to oral cancer, such as its cause, the risk factors associated with it, India's oral cancer situation at the moment, various screening methods, and the ability of artificial intelligence in the detection and classification purpose. Oral cancer results can be enhanced by combining imaging and artificial intelligence approaches for better detection and diagnosis.

Objective:

This paper aims to cover the various oral cancer screening detection techniques that use Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Methods:

In this paper, we have covered the imaging methods that are used in screening oral cancer and, after that, the potential of AI for the detection of oral cancer.

Conclusion:

This paper covers some of the main concepts regarding oral cancer and various AI methods used to detect it.
Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan Versus Telmisartan in Type 2 Diabetic or
Pre-Diabetic Patients with Hypertension and Without Heart Failure: The
Rationale and Design of A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Lin Gen-Min , Sun Ming-Tsung , Wu Tsung-Jui , Lin Yu-Kai , Lin Yen-Po , Chang Yun-Chen
Published: April 2022

Background:

Sacubitril/valsartan has revealed superior glycemic and blood pressure control compared with enalapril and irbesartan in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes and in individuals with chronic kidney disease. However, whether the effects of sacubitril/valsartan remain the same in those without heart failure is unknown.

Methods:

A multicenter randomized double-blinded trial will be carried out in five military hospitals in Taiwan for a period of 1 year. Participants with prior cardiovascular diseases and heart failure will be excluded. The purpose of the study is to compare the effects of sacubitril/valsartan (97/103 mg once or twice daily) on the temporal changes in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin resistance and blood pressure levels with telmisartan (40 mg once or twice daily) in individuals with stage 1-3 hypertension and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes or prediabetes who have an HbA1c ≥6.0% and a systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg. The inclusion criteria include the age of 35-70 years, women who are not pregnant, estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥45 ml/min per 1.73m2 and B-type natriuretic peptide levels <400 pg/ml.

Results:

The sample size is estimated to be 502 participants for randomization according to an assumption of between-person standard deviation in systolic blood pressure of 15 mmHg or in HbA1c of 1.5%, which provides ≥80% power (at p =0.05) to detect a difference in systolic blood pressure of 4 mmHg or in HbA1c of 0.3% at the final follow-up. All participants will receive a comprehensive physical examination and tests for blood cell counts, blood biochemistry, urine analysis, 12-lead electrocardiography and an echocardiography every 3 months.

Conclusion:

All analyses will be performed based on the intention-to-treat principle among all randomized participants.
The Savant Syndrome: a Gift or a Disability? A Deeper Look into Metabolic
Correlates of Hidden Cognitive Capacity
Authors: Yulug Burak , Onin Irem , Hanoglu Lütfü
Published: April 2022

Savant syndrome is a rare and unusual condition that occurs in the presence of severe
developmental disabilities, disorders, and injuries. The syndrome can be congenital from birth to
childhood or acquired as a result of a brain injury or damage to the central nervous system. There
are several findings that indicate that savant syndrome usually occurs with significant brain metabolism
alterations resulting in critical brain network changes. These types of changes in the
brain are usually explained by the “tyranny of the left hemisphere” theory, which indicates the
inhibition of the left hemisphere to allow the right hemisphere to develop savant abilities. Another
way to temporarily simulate these types of changes in the brain can be through different neuromodulation
techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current
stimulation. Such neuromodulation techniques might help us discover the “hidden talent” potential
through modulating the brain network metabolism. We herein discussed the types of savant
syndrome along with its relation to specific neurometabolic network alterations. Furthermore, we
provide a perspective on how newly developed neuromodulation and cognitive rehabilitation
techniques can help simulate savant syndrome in healthy individuals through modulating the
brain network activity.
Determinants of Moral Distress Among Mental Health Professionals
Authors: Shehadeh Jumana , Almaraira Obay , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman
Published: April 2022

Background:

It is assumed that understanding moral distress and its correlated factors among mental health professionals would enhance understanding of the ethical dilemmas that mental health professionals are confronting.

Objectives:

To identify moral distress determinants among Jordanian mental health professionals working in psychiatric in-patient settings.

Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive design was used, employing self-administered questionnaire.

Results:

Two- steps multiple hierarchical regression analysis showed that model 1 that includes the demographic characteristics, was significant with R2 = .151, while in model 2 that included demographics and the psychological characteristics of stress factors, it was found to be also significant R2 = .243.

Conclusion:

Morally distressing environments might diminish the quality of psychiatric care provided as well as the job satisfaction among healthcare providers.
Artificial Intelligence Tools for Suicide Prevention in Adolescents
and Young Adults
Authors: Gupta Mayank , Ramar Dhanvendran , Vijayan Rekha , Gupta Nihit
Published: April 2022

Background:

Artificial Intelligence is making a significant
transformation in human lives. Its application in the medical and healthcare field
has also been observed to make an impact and improve overall outcomes. There has
been a quest for similar processes in mental health due to the lack of observable
changes in the areas of suicide prevention. In the last five years, there has been an
emerging body of empirical research applying the technology of artificial
intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in mental health.

Objective:

To review the clinical applicability of the AI/ML-based tools in suicide
prevention.

Methods:

The compelling question of predicting suicidality has been the focus of
this research. We performed a broad literature search and then identified 36 articles
relevant to meet the objectives of this review. We review the available evidence and
provide a brief overview of the advances in this field.

Conclusion:

In the last five years, there has been more evidence supporting the
implementation of these algorithms in clinical practice. Its current clinical utility is
limited to using electronic health records and could be highly effective in
conjunction with existing tools for suicide prevention. Other potential sources of
relevant data include smart devices and social network sites. There are some serious
questions about data privacy and ethics which need more attention while
developing these new modalities in suicide research.
Initiation of a case for a land dispute in an arbitration court
Authors:   M.A. Magomedova Dagestan State University, Magomedova M.A.
Published: April 2022

Consideration of a case at first instance begins with the stage of initiation of a case. Actions made at this stage are united by the purpose of initiation of process. The basic purpose of the lead research is definition of prerequisites of the right of institution of legal proceedings on land disputes in arbitration court. For achievement of the specified purpose, criteria of attribution of land disputes to the competence of arbitration court, a role of a subject and the basis of the claim in determination of identity of claims on land disputes and their influence on separate institutes of arbitration legal proceedings are determined. Conducted research is based on civil procedure scientists' views, the analysis of the current arbitration procedural legislation, legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Arbitration Court expressed before its liquidation and practice of arbitration courts of the Russian Federation. The main category of land disputes arises from civil legal relations, which are considered in action proceedings. The initiation of a case is connected with certain prerequisites, which are explored in the article. Determination of the competence of the arbitration court of the land dispute is connected with economic nature of the dispute and its subject composition. In the article the economic nature of the land dispute is connected with the purpose for which the land plot is used. As an additional criterion to determine the competence of the arbitration court, the type of the permitted use of the land dispute should be used. The article criticizes the provision of part 2 clause 64 of the Land Code of the RF on the pre-trial nature of the arbitration proceedings in the land disputes. The change in the legislative definition of the land plot made it possible to speak about exclusive jurisdiction of land disputes considered by way of action proceedings. The article defines the notion of the subject matter and cause of action in a land dispute. Their value for definition of external and internal identity of claims, limits of consideration of land disputes, formulation of a resolutive part of the judicial decision is revealed. The article suggests the procedure for determining the price of a claim for land claims of a property nature
On the issue of voluntary refusal to commit a crime
Authors:   R.M. Akutaev Dagestan State University, Akutaev R.M. , Mardanova S.A. ,   S.A. Mardanova Dagestan State University
Published: April 2022

Based on the analysis of the current criminal legislation, the article discusses a number of issues related to the institution of voluntary refusal to commit a crime. There are two main characteristics that define voluntary renunciation of a crime – voluntariness and finality. In order to pose the problem, the authors draw attention to the fact that the provisions of certain norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, providing for the exemption from criminal liability of a person if he voluntarily released a kidnapped or hostage and if his actions do not contain any other corpus delicti, with a certain degree of conditionality can be considered as special norms in relation to voluntary refusal to commit a crime (general norm). If there is a fundamental difference between them related to the commission or absence of a crime as such, they are related by the fact that in both cases persons do not allow the onset of socially dangerous consequences of their actions. Moreover, they act voluntarily. The article also contains the author's position on the debatable issue of the possibility of voluntary refusal to commit a crime when an attempt on a crime is completed.
Certain aspects of ensuring the legitimate interests of the suspect in the process of criminal prosecution
Authors:   E.Y. Andreeva St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Andreeva E.Y. , Bykadorova E.V. ,   E.V. Bykadorova St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Tertychnaya I.V. ,   I.V. Tertychnaya St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: April 2022

The article considers the essence of a person's suspicion of committing a crime, as the basis for granting him the status of a suspect. The concept of procedural and legal guarantees is considered, which are legal means used to protect and protect the subjective rights and interests of the suspect. Considered the stages of the legal mechanism aimed at ensuring the rights of the suspect. Examples from judicial practice are given; the importance of the preventive measures necessary to ensure the observance of the rights and freedoms of the suspect, the role of the defender in this procedural procedure are considered; the basic rights of the suspect and topical issues of the implementation of these rights in the framework of criminal proceedings are analyzed. Methods and ways of solving existing, in connection with this gap in the law and difficulties in law enforcement practice are determined.
On the concept and types of real estate property in the light of reforming of the civil legislation of the Russian Federation
Authors:   O.A. Osmanov Daghestan State University, Osmanov O.A.
Published: April 2022

This article is devoted to the analysis of the category of "real estate" civic in the legislation of the Russian Federation and a number of European countries. The main methods for achieving results are historicallegal, formal-legal, systemic, comparative-legal, individual logical techniques, methods of interpreting regulatory documents. The article is of a scientific and practical nature and examines certain aspects of the legal regime of real estate. This category has historically passed a long and difficult path of formation from the provisions of Roman law to the modern legislation of the countries of continental Europe and the Anglo-American legal system. Real estate as an object of civil rights has special features, legal nature, and the history of its origin and development as a legal institution is also specific. The author made an attempt to investigate the history of formation, the concept and features of real estate as an object of civil law, the features of its legal regulation in certain foreign countries and in modern Russia. The specifics of fixing this institution in separate acts on amendments to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation are considered. The main conclusions were the characteristics of the signs of real estate, the content of the rights and obligations of the copyright holder, the peculiarities of the emergence and acquisition of rights to real estate, the formulation of the main shortcomings of its legal regulation in the current legislation and the merits of the changes that come into force on March 1, 2023.
Electroporation-Based Non-Viral Gene Delivery to Adipose Tissue in Mice
Authors:   Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan, Sato Masahiro , Saitoh Issei ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho 501-0296, Japan, kiyokawa Yuki ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho 501-0296, Japan, Akasaka Eri ,   Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan, Nakamura Shingo ,   Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan, Watanabe Satoshi ,   Animal Genome Unit, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan, Inada Emi ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Published: April 2022

Adipose tissue is distributed throughout the body as fat depots. The amount of adipose tissue increases with age. In mice, epididymal fat depots in males and gonadal fat depots in females are associated with the reproductive system. Regarding fat depots in females, the adipose tissue under the skin can be easily exposed via surgery when the ovary, oviduct, and uterus are pulled out and exposed. As handling adipose tissue is relatively easy, adipocytes might be good targets for genetic manipulation (including gene delivery to the adipose cells). To examine this possibility, we injected 1 μL of dye (e.g., trypan blue or India ink) into the gonadal fat depots of female mice using a breath-controlled micropipette under a dissecting microscope. The injected dye remained at the injection site for at least one day. The injection of piggyBac (PB) transposons containing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing unit and subsequent in vivo electroporation (EP) at the injection site resulted in the successful transfection of adipocytes. The introduction of the PB transposons caused chromosomal integration of the gene of interest. The introduction of a vector containing an octamer-binding transcription factor-3/4 promoter-directed EGFP cDNA expression unit helped to identify stem-like cells. These results supported the feasibility of our EP-based non-viral gene delivery system to transfect murine adipocytes in vivo. Using this approach, several applications such as the local production of therapeutically useful proteins, plasmid-based vaccinations, and the acquisition of immortalized adipose-derived stem cells might be possible.
Predicting COVID-19 Symptoms From Free Text in Medical Records Using Artificial Intelligence: Feasibility Study
Authors: Van Olmen Josefien , Van Nooten Jens , Philips Hilde , Sollie Annet , Daelemans Walter
Published: April 2022

Background

Electronic medical records have opened opportunities to analyze clinical practice at large scale. Structured registries and coding procedures such as the International Classification of Primary Care further improved these procedures. However, a large part of the information about the state of patient and the doctors’ observations is still entered in free text fields. The main function of those fields is to report the doctor’s line of thought, to remind oneself and his or her colleagues on follow-up actions, and to be accountable for clinical decisions. These fields contain rich information that can be complementary to that in coded fields, and until now, they have been hardly used for analysis.

Objective

This study aims to develop a prediction model to convert the free text information on COVID-19–related symptoms from out of hours care electronic medical records into usable symptom-based data that can be analyzed at large scale.

Methods

The design was a feasibility study in which we examined the content of the raw data, steps and methods for modelling, as well as the precision and accuracy of the models. A data prediction model for 27 preidentified COVID-19–relevant symptoms was developed for a data set derived from the database of primary-care out-of-hours consultations in Flanders. A multiclass, multilabel categorization classifier was developed. We tested two approaches, which were (1) a classical machine learning–based text categorization approach, Binary Relevance, and (2) a deep neural network learning approach with BERTje, including a domain-adapted version. Ethical approval was acquired through the Institutional Review Board of the Institute of Tropical Medicine and the ethics committee of the University Hospital of Antwerpen (ref 20/50/693).

Results

The sample set comprised 3957 fields. After cleaning, 2313 could be used for the experiments. Of the 2313 fields, 85% (n=1966) were used to train the model, and 15% (n=347) for testing. The normal BERTje model performed the best on the data. It reached a weighted F1 score of 0.70 and an exact match ratio or accuracy score of 0.38, indicating the instances for which the model has identified all correct codes. The other models achieved respectable results as well, ranging from 0.59 to 0.70 weighted F1. The Binary Relevance method performed the best on the data without a frequency threshold. As for the individual codes, the domain-adapted version of BERTje performs better on several of the less common objective codes, while BERTje reaches higher F1 scores for the least common labels especially, and for most other codes in general.

Conclusions

The artificial intelligence model BERTje can reliably predict COVID-19–related information from medical records using text mining from the free text fields generated in primary care settings. This feasibility study invites researchers to examine further possibilities to use primary care routine data.
Improving Web-Based Treatment Intake for Multiple Mental and Substance Use Disorders by Text Mining and Machine Learning: Algorithm Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Wiegersma Sytske , Hidajat Maurice , Schrieken Bart , Veldkamp Bernard , Olff Miranda
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Text mining and machine learning are increasingly used in mental health care practice and research, potentially saving time and effort in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients. Previous studies showed that mental disorders can be detected based on text, but they focused on screening for a single predefined disorder instead of multiple disorders simultaneously.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop a Dutch multi-class text-classification model to screen for a range of mental disorders to refer new patients to the most suitable treatment.

METHODS

On the basis of textual responses of patients (N=5863) to a questionnaire currently used for intake and referral, a 7-class classifier was developed to distinguish among anxiety, panic, posttraumatic stress, mood, eating, substance use, and somatic symptom disorders. A linear support vector machine was fitted using nested cross-validation grid search.

RESULTS

The highest classification rate was found for eating disorders (82%). The scores for panic (55%), posttraumatic stress (52%), mood (50%), somatic symptom (50%), anxiety (35%), and substance use disorders (33%) were lower, likely because of overlapping symptoms. The overall classification accuracy (49%) was reasonable for a 7-class classifier.

CONCLUSIONS

A classification model was developed that could screen text for multiple mental health disorders. The screener resulted in an additional outcome score that may serve as input for a formal diagnostic interview and referral. This may lead to a more efficient and standardized intake process.
Open-Source Clinical Machine Learning Models: Critical Appraisal of Feasibility, Advantages, and Challenges (Preprint)
Authors: Harish Keerthi B , Price W Nicholson , Aphinyanaphongs Yindalon
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Machine learning applications promise to augment clinical capabilities and at least 64 models have already been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. These tools are developed, shared, and used in an environment in which regulations and market forces remain immature. An important consideration when evaluating this environment is the introduction of open-source solutions in which innovations are freely shared; such solutions have long been a facet of digital culture. We discuss the feasibility and implications of open-source machine learning in a health care infrastructure built upon proprietary information. The decreased cost of development as compared to drugs and devices, a longstanding culture of open-source products in other industries, and the beginnings of machine learning–friendly regulatory pathways together allow for the development and deployment of open-source machine learning models. Such tools have distinct advantages including enhanced product integrity, customizability, and lower cost, leading to increased access. However, significant questions regarding engineering concerns about implementation infrastructure and model safety, a lack of incentives from intellectual property protection, and nebulous liability rules significantly complicate the ability to develop such open-source models. Ultimately, the reconciliation of open-source machine learning and the proprietary information–driven health care environment requires that policymakers, regulators, and health care organizations actively craft a conducive market in which innovative developers will continue to both work and collaborate.
Peer Review of “Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Patients Treated With Milrinone for Cerebral Vasospasm: Case Report and Literature Review” (Preprint)
Authors: Chalwadi Uday Kumar
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report related to MS# 31019.
Digital Health Interventions for Depression and Anxiety Among People with Chronic Conditions: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Shah Amika , Hussain-Shamsy Neesha , Strudwick Gillian , Sockalingam Sanjeev , Nolan Robert , Seto Emily
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Chronic conditions are characterized by their long duration (1 year or more), need for ongoing medical attention, and limitations on activities of daily living. These can often co-occur, with depression and anxiety as particularly common and detrimental comorbidities among the growing population living with chronic conditions. Digital health interventions (DHIs) hold promise in overcoming barriers to accessing mental health support for these individuals; however, the design and implementation of DHIs for depression and/or anxiety for people with chronic conditions is yet to be explored.

OBJECTIVE

To explore what is known in the literature about DHIs for the prevention, detection, or treatment of depression and/or anxiety among people with chronic conditions.

METHODS

A scoping review of the literature was conducted using the Arksey & O’Malley framework. Searches of the literature published in five databases between 1990 and 2019 were conducted in April 2019 and updated in March 2021. To be included, studies must have described a DHI tested with, or designed for, the prevention, detection, or treatment of depression and/or anxiety in people with common chronic conditions (arthritis, asthma, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and/or dementia). Studies were independently screened by two reviewers against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both quantitative and qualitative data were extracted, charted, and synthesized to provide a descriptive summary of the trends and considerations for future research.

RESULTS

Database searches yielded a total of 11,422 articles across the initial and update searches, 53 of which were included in this review. DHIs predominantly sought to provide treatment (n=44), followed by detection (n=5) and prevention (n=4). Most DHIs were focused on depression (n=36), guided (n=32), tailored to the chronic physical condition (n=19), and delivered through web-based platforms (n=20). Only two studies described the implementation of a DHI.

CONCLUSIONS

As a growing research area, DHIs offer the potential to address the gap in care for depression and anxiety among people with chronic conditions; however, their implementation in standard care is scarce. While stepped care was identified as a promising model to implement efficacious DHIs, few studies have investigated the use of DHIs for depression and anxiety among chronic conditions with such models. In developing stepped care, we outline DHI tailoring, guidance, and intensity as key considerations requiring further research.
Correction: Improving Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Adherence Among Pregnant Women: Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jaffar Aida , Mohd-Sidik Sherina , Foo Chai Nien , Admodisastro Novia , Abdul Salam Sobihatun Nur , Ismail Noor Diana
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Mobile health apps, for example, the Tät, have been shown to be potentially effective in improving pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) among women, but their effectiveness in pregnant women was limited. Adherence to daily PFMT will improve pelvic floor muscle strength leading to urinary incontinence (UI) improvement during the pregnancy. This study aims to document the validation process in developing the Kegel Exercise Pregnancy Training app, which was designed to improve the PFMT adherence among pregnant women. We utilized an intervention mapping approach incorporated within the mobile health development and evaluation framework. The framework involved the following steps: (1) conceptualization, (2) formative research, (3) pretesting, (4) pilot testing, (5) randomized controlled trial, and (6) qualitative research. The user-centered design-11 checklist was used to evaluate the user-centeredness properties of the app. A cross-sectional study was conducted to better understand PFMT and UI among 440 pregnant women. The study reported a UI prevalence of 40.9% (180/440), with less than half having good PFMT practice despite their good knowledge. Five focus group discussions were conducted to understand the app design preferred by pregnant women. They agreed a more straightforward design should be used for better app usability. From these findings, a prototype was designed and developed accordingly, and the process conformed to the user-centered design–11 (UCD-11) checklist. A PFMT app was developed based on the mHealth development and evaluation framework model, emphasizing higher user involvement in the application design and development. The application was expected to improve its usability, acceptability, and ease of use. The Kegel Exercise Pregnancy Training app was validated using a thorough design and development process to ensure its effectiveness in evaluating the usability of the final prototype in our future randomized control trial study.