bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal stress and the early embryonic microenvironment: investigating long-term cortisol effects on bovine oviductal epithelial cells using air–liquid interface culture
Authors: Wahl Fiona , Huo Jianchao , Du Shuaizhi , Schoen Jennifer , Chen Shuai
Published: October 2024

The oviduct epithelium is the initial maternal contact site for embryos after fertilization, offering the microenvironment before implantation. This early gestation period is particularly sensitive to stress, which can cause reduced fertility and reproductive disorders in mammals. Nevertheless, the local impact of elevated stress hormones on the oviduct epithelium has received limited attention to date, except for a few reports on polyovulatory species like mice and pigs. In this study, we focused on the effects of chronic maternal stress on cattle, given its association with infertility issues in this monoovulatory species. Bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC) differentiated at the air–liquid interface (ALI) were stimulated with 250 nmol/L cortisol for 1 or 3 weeks. Subsequently, they were assessed for morphology, bioelectrical properties, and gene expression related to oviduct function, glucocorticoid pathway, cortisol metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis. Results revealed adverse effects of cortisol on epithelium structure, featured by deciliation, vacuole formation, and multilayering. Additionally, cortisol exposure led to an increase in transepithelial potential difference, downregulated mRNA expression of the major glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), upregulated the expression of cortisol-responsive genes (FKBP5, TSC22D3), and significant downregulation of oviductal glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1) and steroid receptors PGR and ESR1. The systematic comparison to a similar experiment previously performed by us in porcine oviduct epithelial cells, indicated that bovine cultures were more susceptible to elevated cortisol levels than porcine. The distinct responses between both species are likely linked to their divergence in the cortisol-induced expression changes of HSD11B2, an enzyme controlling the cellular capacity to metabolise cortisol. These findings provide insights into the species-specific reactions and reproductive consequences triggered by maternal stress.
Community perceptions on wildfires in Mount Kenya forest: implications for fire preparedness and community wildfire management
Authors: Ndalila Mercy N. , Lala Fredrick , Makindi Stanley M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Natural ecosystems provide beneficial goods and services to adjacent communities. However, these benefits also come with societal risks, among them wildfires. Kenyan ecosystems have faced increased wildfire risk due to human activities and a warming earth that causes dangerous fire weather conditions. Mount Kenya is one such ecosystem that experiences annual fires; however, there is limited information on the level of knowledge or preparedness of the local community towards wildfires and fire management across the entire ecosystem. Here, we used questionnaires and interviews to randomly and purposively survey 55 respondents across 11 villages that surround Mt Kenya forest, majority of whom were Community Forest Association (CFA) members. We investigated the perceived extent to which the communities contribute to wildfires; their opinions on some aspects of fire management; and what individual and collective actions are required to improve fire preparedness.

Results

The most perceived causes of wildfires were honey harvesting (56%) and poaching (40%). A minority of the respondents (35%) were aware of the belief that setting forests on fire brings about rainfall, with 56% of that group reporting that the belief contributed to wildfire ignitions by a large extent. This scientifically inconclusive belief was not specific to certain tribes around Mt Kenya, as previously expected. The community strongly rejected the use of prescribed burning in fire management. They were against clearing of forest or farm debris to reduce fuel hazards, and preferred converting debris into compost.

Conclusions

To improve fire preparedness, firefighting training, resourcing, firebreak creation, and sharing of wildfire warnings with the local community need to be enhanced. Despite limited community involvement in fire-management decisions, we recommend a greater involvement of the local community in forest and/or fire management to promote ownership and sustainability.
Challenges in neonatal care: a case report of purpura fulminans in a 10-day-old infant
Authors: Sohail Huma , Zafar Yumna , Syed Dua Irshad , Jamal Ammarah , Lail Amanullah
Published: October 2024

Background

Purpura fulminans (PF) is a rare but severe thrombotic disorder affecting small cutaneous blood vessels. It may present as bruising and discoloration but can rapidly progress necrosis and life-threatening complications if not promptly diagnosed and treated. This paper presents a rare case of neonatal PF associated with protein C and S deficiency, highlighting the importance of prompt recognition and diagnosis.

Case presentation

A 10-day-old male infant presented with extensive purpura fulminans, microcephaly, and craniofacial abnormalities. Laboratory investigations revealed severe deficiencies in protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III. Treatment involved a multidisciplinary approach including antibiotic therapy, blood transfusions, and anticoagulation.

Discussion

Neonatal PF poses significant challenges due to its high mortality rate and potential neurological complications. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial, although outcomes can vary. Long-term care and genetic counseling are essential for families affected by this rare disorder.

Conclusion

This case underscores the importance of early recognition and intervention in neonatal PF, especially in resource-limited settings. Improved strategies for diagnosis, management, and patient education are necessary to enhance outcomes and support affected families.
Optical polarization manipulations with anisotropic nanostructures
Authors: Li Zhancheng , Liu Wenwei , Zhang Yuebian , Cheng Hua , Zhang Shuang , Chen Shuqi
Published: October 2024

Over the past few decades, metasurfaces have revolutionized conventional bulky optics by providing an effective approach to manipulate optical waves at the subwavelength scale. This advancement holds great potential for compact, multifunctional, and reconfigurable optical devices. Notably, metasurfaces constructed with anisotropic nanostructures have exhibited remarkable capability in manipulating the polarization state of optical waves. Furthermore, they can be employed to achieve independent control of the amplitude and phase of optical waves in different polarization channels. This capability has garnered significant attention from the photonics community due to its unprecedented potential for polarization-selective and -multiplexed optical wave manipulation, offering versatile applications in optical imaging, communication, and detection. This paper reviews the design principles, representative works, and recent advancements in anisotropic nanostructures for optical polarization manipulation, detection, as well as polarization-selective and -multiplexed optical wave manipulation. Personal insights into further developments in this research area are provided.
When are predictions useful? A new method for evaluating epidemic forecasts
Authors: Marshall Maximilian , Parker Felix , Gardner Lauren M.
Published: October 2024

Background

COVID-19 will not be the last pandemic of the twenty-first century. To better prepare for the next one, it is essential that we make honest appraisals of the utility of different responses to COVID. In this paper, we focus specifically on epidemiologic forecasting. Characterizing forecast efficacy over the history of the pandemic is challenging, especially given its significant spatial, temporal, and contextual variability. In this light, we introduce the Weighted Contextual Interval Score (WCIS), a new method for retrospective interval forecast evaluation.

Methods

The central tenet of the WCIS is a direct incorporation of contextual utility into the evaluation. This necessitates a specific characterization of forecast efficacy depending on the use case for predictions, accomplished via defining a utility threshold parameter. This idea is generalized to probabilistic interval-form forecasts, which are the preferred prediction format for epidemiological modeling, as an extension of the existing Weighted Interval Score (WIS).

Results

We apply the WCIS to two forecasting scenarios: facility-level hospitalizations for a single state, and state-level hospitalizations for the whole of the United States. We observe that an appropriately parameterized application of the WCIS captures both the relative quality and the overall frequency of useful forecasts. Since the WCIS represents the utility of predictions using contextual normalization, it is easily comparable across highly variable pandemic scenarios while remaining intuitively representative of the in-situ quality of individual forecasts.

Conclusions

The WCIS provides a pragmatic utility-based characterization of probabilistic predictions. This method is expressly intended to enable practitioners and policymakers who may not have expertise in forecasting but are nevertheless essential partners in epidemic response to use and provide insightful analysis of predictions. We note that the WCIS is intended specifically for retrospective forecast evaluation and should not be used as a minimized penalty in a competitive context as it lacks statistical propriety. Code and data used for our analysis are available at https://github.com/maximilian-marshall/wcis.
Protocol for Cancloz: multicentre randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group adaptive trial of cannabidiol for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia
Authors: Siskind Dan , Bull Claudia , Suetani Shuichi , Warren Nicola , Suraev Anastasia , McGregor Iain , Kisely Steve , De Monte Veronica , Trott Mike , Shine Manju , Moudgil Vikas , Robinson Gail , Parker Stephen , Krishnaiah Ravikumar , Stedman Terry , Drummond Allan , Medland Sarah , Iyer Ravi , Baker Andrea
Published: October 2024

Background

Although clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), only 40% of people with TRS respond, and there is limited evidence for augmentation agents. Cannabidiol (CBD) reduces positive symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia, but no trials have specifically examined its efficacy in those with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.

Aims

To examine the clinical efficacy of CBD augmentation in people with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.

Method

This is a 12-week randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial (registration number: ACTRN12622001112752). We will recruit 88 individuals with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, randomised (1:1) to 1000 mg daily CBD versus placebo. Eligible individuals will be aged between 18 and 64 years, fulfil DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, have a total PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) score ≥60, have received oral clozapine for at least 18 weeks and have a clozapine level of >350 ng/mL. Interim analyses will be conducted at 25, 50 and 75% recruitment; these will also provide an opportunity to reallocate participants dependent on conditional power. The primary endpoint will be the difference in PANSS positive scores at the end of week 12. Secondary endpoints include depression, anxiety, sleep, quality of life, alcohol consumption, change in weight and metabolic syndrome components, and neurocognitive measures, as well as safety and tolerability.

Discussion

Novel treatments for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia are urgently needed. If found to be effective, CBD may have a role as a novel and safe adjunct to clozapine.
Subclinical attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours
Authors: Gostoli Sara , Raimondi Giulia , Gremigni Paola , Rafanelli Chiara
Published: October 2024

Background

Literature emphasises the importance of identifying and intervening in the adoption of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours (ULBs) during adolescence at an early stage, to mitigate their long-term detrimental effects. Among the possible associated factors contributing to ULBs, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown to play an important role. However, little is known about ADHD subclinical manifestations.

Aims

The present study aimed to bridge the gap in the literature and shed light on the relationship between subclinical ADHD and early adoption of ULBs during adolescence. Through a clinimetric approach, prevalence of ULBs, severity of ADHD symptoms and psychosocial factors (i.e. allostatic overload, abnormal illness behaviour, quality of life, psychological well-being) were investigated among adolescents. The associations between different degrees of ADHD, ULBs and psychosocial factors were also explored.

Method

This multicentre cross-sectional study involved 440 adolescents (54.5% females; mean age 14.21 years) from six upper secondary schools. Participants completed self-report questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, ULBs, ADHD symptoms and psychosocial factors.

Results

The most common ULBs were energy drinks/alcohol consumption and problematic smartphone use. Of the sample, 22% showed subclinical ADHD and 20.2% showed clinical ADHD. The subclinical ADHD group showed several ULBs (i.e. altered mindful eating, impaired quality of sleep, problematic technology use) and psychosocial factors, akin to those of ADHD group and different from peers without ADHD symptoms.

Conclusions

Since subclinical ADHD manifestation is associated with ULBs, similarly to clinical ADHD, identifying subthreshold symptoms during adolescence is crucial, as it could improve health-related outcomes in adulthood across different domains.
Penpulimab plus anlotinib in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after the failure of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy: A single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 study.
Authors: Zhang Changgong , Gao Liying , Tian Youxin , Bai Chunmei , Chen Jianhua , Wang Jun , Li Xingya , Sun Yan , Su Haichuan , Liu Zhigang , Shi Yuankai
Published: October 2024

6027

Background:
Penpulimab is a novel human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody. The effect of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis was eliminated completely by the modification of crystallizable fragment to avoid the FcγR binding. ALTN-AK105-II-01 (NCT04203719) is a single-arm, multi-cohort, multicenter phase 2 study to explore the efficacy and safety of penpulimab plus anlotinib, a multikinase inhibitor inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation simultaneously, in the treatment of various advanced cancers. Here we report the results of the cohort 1 for patients (pts) with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC).
Methods:
Eligible pts were diagnosed with histologically confirmed R/M HNSCC and had failed at least one line of platinum-based chemotherapy. Other inclusion criteria included aged 18 years or older, ECOG PS 0-1, and previous anti-angiogenic agents or immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment-naïve. Pts were given penpulimab 200mg intravenously on day 1 and oral anlotinib 12mg once daily from day 1 to day 14 every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR), and safety.
Results:
From June 1, 2020 to November 22, 2021, 38 pts were enrolled in 8 cencers in China. The sites of primary tumors included oral cavity (15/38, 42.9%), oropharynx (6/38, 15.8%), hypopharynx (4/38 4.5%), larynx (10/38, 26.3%) and others (3/38, 7.9%). As of January 6, 2022 (data cut-off),The study met its primary endpoint that 13 pts achieved partial response (PR) and the ORR (confirmed at least 4 weeks after initial response) was 34.21%. 14 pts obtained stable disease (SD) lasting for at least 4 weeks, given a DCR of 76.32%. After a median follow-up of 6.96 months (95%CI: 4.40, 8.80). PFS events were observed in 17 pts and the median PFS was 8.35 months (95%CI: 5.45, 13.11). The PFS at 6 months was 62.5%. 9 pts died and the median OS was not reached (95% CI: 9.43，NE). For pts with tumor response, the median DoR was not reached (95% CI: 2.37, NE). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 89.47% pts, TRAE of grade 3 or above occurred in 39.47% of pts. The most common TRAEs were hypertension (28.95%) and hypothyroidism (28.95%).
Conclusions:
The combination of penpulimab and anlotinib demonstrated promising efficacy and manageable toxicities in R/M HNSCC pts who failed standard first-line therapy. Further investigation is warranted.
Clinical trial information: NCT04203719.
The Case for the Role of Primary Care in Patient Blood Management
Authors: Jayasuriya Pradeep H. , Philips Anusha , Misran Hafiza B.
Published: October 2024

Patient blood management (PBM) is a patient-centered evidence-based strategy designed to preserve a patient’s own blood and improve health outcomes. The effectiveness of PBM programs is now well-established globally within tertiary and secondary sectors, with demonstrable outcome benefits and cost savings. However, the role of primary care and the general practitioner in PBM is poorly understood. Yet the essential attributes of primary care, including access, continuity, coordination, and comprehensiveness, align well with PBM principles, enabling general practitioners to provide personalized holistic management of anemia for the community. The skill set of general practitioners in integrating and continuing care through the transition period after hospitalization is especially important. General practitioners are well-suited to the roles of health promotion and prevention, and have the potential to deliver substantial population health benefits. Given the public health imperative of this condition, it is vital that policy-makers appropriately support the role of general practitioners with financing, education, and resources for PBM in primary care.
Exploring the energetic and conformational properties of the sequence space connecting naturally occurring RNA tetraloop receptor motifs
Authors: Shin John H. , Cuevas Lena M. , Roy Rohit , Bonilla Steve L. , Al-Hashimi Hashim , Greenleaf William J. , Herschlag Daniel
Published: October 2024

Folded RNAs contain tertiary contact motifs whose structures and energetics are conserved across different RNAs. The transferable properties of RNA motifs simplify the RNA folding problem, but measuring energetic and conformational properties of many motifs remains a challenge. Here, we use a high-throughput thermodynamic approach to investigate how sequence changes alter the binding properties of naturally occurring motifs, the GAAA tetraloop • tetraloop receptor (TLR) interactions. We measured the binding energies and conformational preferences of TLR sequences that span mutational pathways from the canonical 11ntR to two other natural TLRs, the IC3R and Vc2R. While the IC3R and Vc2R share highly similar energetic and conformational properties, the landscapes that map the sequence changes for their conversion from the 11ntR to changes in these properties differ dramatically. Differences in the energetic landscapes stem from the mutations needed to convert the 11ntR to the IC3R and Vc2R rather than a difference in the intrinsic energetic architectures of these TLRs. The conformational landscapes feature several nonnative TLR variants with conformational preferences that differ from both the initial and final TLRs; these species represent potential branching points along the multidimensional sequence space to sequences with greater fitness in other RNA contexts with alternative conformational preferences. Our high-throughput, quantitative approach reveals the complex nature of sequence-fitness landscapes and leads to models for their molecular origins. Systematic and quantitative molecular approaches provide critical insights into understanding the evolution of natural RNAs as they traverse complex landscapes in response to selective pressures.
Με τη φωνή του παιδιού: κοινωνιογλωσσικές αναπαραστάσεις του παιδικού λόγου σε κείμενα παιδικής και νεανικής λογοτεχνίας
Authors: Κόκκινος Δημήτρης Εμμανουήλ , Οικονομάκου Μαριάνθη
Published: October 2024

Η μελέτη διερευνά την κατασκευή της παιδικότητας σε κείμενα παιδικής και νεανικής λογοτεχνίας. Εστιάζει στα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά του παιδικού λόγου, όπως αυτά εμφανίζονται συνήθως σε αφηγηματικά και διαλογικά μέρη, μέσω των γραμματικών, λεξιλογικών και υφολογικών επιλογών των συγγραφέων. Εντοπίζονται έτσι και ερμηνεύονται στοιχεία που χαρακτηρίζουν τη γλωσσική έκφραση των παιδιών, μέσα πάντοτε από τα μάτια των ενηλίκων, και εξετάζονται οι επικοινωνιακές και αφηγηματικές στρατηγικές που αναπτύσσουν στο πλαίσιο της δράσης τους. Η άντληση και επεξεργασία γλωσσικών δεδομένων από διαφορετικές λογοτεχνικές πηγές αποσκοπεί στη σκιαγράφηση -δια του λογοτεχνικού λόγου- του κόσμου των παιδιών, όταν εκφράζουν σκέψεις και συναισθήματα ή αλληλεπιδρούν στην καθημερινότητά τους. Η διεπιστημονική αυτή προσέγγιση, που αντλεί τα μεθοδολογικά της ερευνητικά εργαλεία  από τον χώρο της λογοτεχνίας και της κοινωνιογλωσσολογίας, ευνοεί την ουσιαστικότερη κατανόηση του τρόπου σύνθεσης στα λογοτεχνικά κείμενα του αυθεντικού, αυθόρμητου και δημιουργικού παιδικού λόγου και προσφέρει πολύτιμα εργαλεία αποκωδικοποίησής του στον αναγνώστη/ρια.
Βιβλιοπαρουσίαση: Γαρυφαλλιά Κατσαβουνίδου (2023). «Παιδί, πόλη, και σχεδιασμός. Το Spielraum». Κριτική
Authors: Χρονάκη Μυρτώ
Published: October 2024

Το βιβλίο της κ. Κατσαβουνίδου εντυπωσιάζει από τον πλούτο των πληροφοριών που περιλαμβάνει, την πολυφωνία των προσεγγίσεων που παρουσιάζει, (όρο που χρησιμοποιεί και η συγγραφέας) και το εύρος των επιστημονικών περιοχών που εξετάζει. Είναι «ένας κόμβος σε ένα πλέγμα», όπως αναφέρεται στο απόσπασμα του Μισέλ Φουκώ. Συνδιαλέγεται με τη μακρά παράδοση των λόγων για το παιδί, την παιδική ηλικία και το παιχνίδι, σε συνδυασμό με την πόλη, την πολεοδομία και τη βιωσιμότητα.
Σχηματοποίηση επιφανειών με πολυμερικά φωτοευαίσθητα υλικά για βιο-εφαρμογές
Authors: Μαχαιριώτη Φωτεινή
Published: October 2024

Σκοπός της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η σχηματοποίηση επιφανείων μέσω της λιθογραφικής διαδικασίας και η εναπόθεση ενός ή περισσοτέρων βιομορίων σε συγκεκριμένες θέσεις της επιφάνειας. Τα τελευταία χρόνια υπάρχει μεγάλο ενδιαφέρον, κυρίως στην περιοχή των βιοαισθητήρων, για την ακινητοποίηση βιομορίων σε συγκεκριμένες περιοχές πάνω σε μια επιφάνεια, αλλά και διαφορετικά βιομόρια πάνω στην ίδια επιφάνεια, πάνω σε αυτήν την κατεύθυνση έχουν αναπτυχθεί αρκετές μέθοδοι σχηματοποίησης. Η βασική αρχή λειτουργίας τους είναι η αλληλεπίδραση μορίων στόχων με συμπληρωματικά ακινητοποιημένα μόρια που βρίσκονται στη μικροσυστοιχία. Μία τεχνική σχηματοποίησης είναι η φωτολιθογραφία. Στη φωτολιθογραφία μεταφέρετε μέσω της υπεριώδους ακτινοβολίας ένα γεωμετρικό σχήμα από μια μάσκα αρχικά σε ένα φωτοευαίσθητο υμένιο και στη συνέχεια στην επιφάνεια που καλύπτει. Η φωτολιθογραφία, παρόλο που είναι μια υψηλής απόδοσης τεχνική σχηματοποίησης που επιτρέπει την υψηλή ανάλυση και την ακριβή ευθυγράμμιση έχει το μειονέκτημα ότι απαιτεί ισχυρούς διαλύτες και συνθήκες έκθεσης, όπως αυξημένη θερμοκρασία, που μετουσιώνουν τα βιομόρια. Είναι δυνατό όμως να βρεθεί φωτολιθογραφία με ορθογώνια χαρακτηριστικά ως προς τα βιομόρια με τη χρήση ορθογώνιων διαλυτών και ορθογώνιων φωτοπολυμερών τα οποία δε διαλύουν ή καταστρέφουν ένα προεναποτιθέμενο στρώμα οργανικού υλικού και δεν αντιδρούν με τα οργανικά υλικά. Αυτά τα φωτοπολυμερή βασίζονται στη χημεία φθορίου και διαλύονται σε φθοριωμένους διαλύτες. Οι υψηλά φθοριωμένοι διάλυτες δεν αντιδρούν με μη φθοριωμένα υλικά. Οι υδροφθοροαιθέρες είναι μη τοξικοί, φιλικοί προς το περιβάλλον διαλύτες, καθώς και χημικώς αδρανείς προς τα μη φθοριωμένα υλικά των οργανικών ηλεκτρονικών. Στην εργασία αυτή δημιουργήθηκε μια συστοιχία βιομορίων χρησιμοποιώνταςτη μέθοδο της οπτικής λιθογραφίας. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τρία πολυμερή πλούσια σε φθορο-ομάδες και αξιολογήθηκαν ως λιθογραφικά υλικά και ως προς την ικανότητά τους να αλλάζουν τις διαθέσιμες ενεργές ομάδες της επιφάνειας μετά τη λιθογραφική διαδικασία. Οι επιφάνειες που αναπτύχθηκαν μέσω λιθογραφίας, έχουν περιοχές πλούσιες σε φθορο-ενώσεις (μη εκτεθειμένες περιοχές) και περιοχές πλούσιες σε καρβοξυλομάδες(εκτεθειμένες περιοχές). Οι σχηματοποιημένες επιφάνειες μελετήθηκαν για την επιλεκτική προσκόλληση πρωτεϊνών και κυττάρων στις εκτεθειμένες έναντι των μη εκτεθειμένων περιοχών είτε λόγω της διαφοράς στην υδροφιλικότητα των δύο περιοχών είτε αξιοποιώντας τις διαφορετικές λειτουργικές ομάδες για την ακινητοποίηση βιομορίων στις εκτεθειμένες περιοχές.
Έμφυλη βία και Σχολική Κοινωνική Εργασία: Μία βιβλιοανασκοπική μελέτη
Authors: Καπλάνης Κωνσταντίνος , Χατζηφωτίου Σεβαστή
Published: October 2024

Το άρθρο αποτελεί μελέτη βιβλιογραφικής ανασκόπησης για την έμφυλη βία, εστιάζοντας στη σχολική έμφυλη βία και τον ρόλο της Σχολικής Κοινωνικής Εργασίας στην αντιμετώπισή της στο σχολικό περιβάλλον. Η ανασκόπηση βασίστηκε σε βάσεις δεδομένων όπως PubMed, PsycInfo, SCOPUS, Taylor & Francis, Springer και Google Scholar, χωρίς χρονικούς περιορισμούς στις δημοσιεύσεις. Συνολικά, αναλύθηκαν 180 πηγές από το 1992 έως το 2024, από τις οποίες επιλέχθηκαν 74 βάσει της σχετικότητάς τους με το θέμα και την κάλυψη τριών θεματικών πεδίων: έμφυλη βία, σχολική έμφυλη βία και Σχολική Κοινωνική Εργασία με έμφαση στις καλές πρακτικές. Η ανασκόπηση εντοπίζει εννοιολογικούς προσδιορισμούς για την έμφυλη και σχολική έμφυλη βία, καθώς και τη συμβολή της Σχολικής Κοινωνικής Εργασίας στην πρόληψη και αντιμετώπιση του φαινομένου μέσω καλών πρακτικών. Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δίνεται στις επιπτώσεις της έμφυλης βίας στην ψυχική υγεία γυναικών, κοριτσιών, ευάλωτων ομάδων και ατόμων εκτός ετεροκανονικότητας, με τα κορίτσια και τις γυναίκες να αντιμετωπίζουν σοβαρά προβλήματα ψυχικής υγείας λόγω έμφυλης θυματοποίησης. Το σχολείο, ως δευτερογενής παράγοντας κοινωνικοποίησης, αποτελεί πλαίσιο ανάπτυξης μορφών έμφυλης βίας που επηρεάζουν την ψυχική υγεία και την ακαδημαϊκή επίδοση των μαθητών/τριών. Η Σχολική Κοινωνική Εργασία, μέσω θεωρίας και πρακτικής, συμβάλλει άμεσα στην πρόληψη και αντιμετώπιση της σχολικής έμφυλης βίας, προωθώντας ένα υποστηρικτικό και ασφαλές περιβάλλον για όλα τα παιδιά. Οι σχολικοί/ές κοινωνικοί/ές λειτουργοί (από εδώ και στο εξής ΣχΚλ) εφαρμόζουν ολιστικές παρεμβάσεις για τη θετική ανάπτυξη και ευζωία των μαθητών/τριών, ανεξάρτητα από το φύλο τους, με στόχο την ενημέρωση, υποστήριξη και ενδυνάμωση της εκπαιδευτικής κοινότητας.
Community preventive behaviour and perception on the severity of COVID-19 disease in Indonesia, 2021-2022: Structural equation modelling
Authors: Eryando Tris , Sipahutar Tiopan , Poddar Sandeep
Published: October 2024

Background This study investigated the determinants of community preventive behavior in complying with the Indonesian regulations to prevent COVID-19 local transmission. Methods A cross-sectional study used to collect the data via an online cross using a form created from a google questionnaire forms. A total of 1,802 respondents were gathered at a single point in time. The authors used the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach to measure and create a model for the prevention of local transmission of COVID-19. Results This study found that more than half of the respondents still had low perceived susceptibility (16%) and severity (43%). There were only 3% respondents with perceived barriers and 19% with strong self-efficacy. The findings showed that self-efficacy and perceived barriers had statistically significant relationships with preventive behavior (p-value <0.05). The goodness of fit index showed that the proposed model was not fit for the data (RMSE<0.080, GFI>0.950, AGFI>0.950, SRMR<0.100), which means that it was not fit to describe the empirical phenomenon under study. Conclusions This study found that more than half of the respondents still had low perceived susceptibility (84%) and severity (67%), but more than half had high perceived benefits (54%). Only a few respondents had significant barriers to implementing COVID-19 transmission prevention behaviours (3%). Still, most respondents had low perceived self-efficacy (81%), and only 60% had good behaviours related to COVID-19 prevention. In the context of COVID-19 preventive behaviour, we recommended to improve perceived susceptibility and severity by providing the correct information (which contain information about how people susceptible to the virus and the impact of infected by the virus) with the local cultural context.
Knee strengthening after surgery: A comprehensive analysis using key performance indicators
Authors: Forelli Florian , Mazeas Jean , Nielsen-Le Roux Mathias , Moiroux Sahraoui Ayrton , Miraglia Nicholas , Bialy Maciej , Bouzekraoui Alaoui Ismail , Kakavas Georgios , Bjerregaard Andreas , Douryang Maurice
Published: October 2024

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of knee strengthening post-surgery, focusing on key performance indicators (KPIs) essential for recovery and performance enhancement. The study delves into the importance of range of motion (ROM), load management through repetitions maximum (RM) and velocity-based training (VBT), speed variations, repetition schemes for hypertrophy and strength, and the assessment of pain, inflammation, and effusion. Emphasis is placed on dynamic alignment, muscle activation, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) to tailor individualized rehabilitation programs. The integration of these KPIs ensures a balanced approach, enhancing muscle strength and joint integrity while minimizing injury risk. Regular monitoring and adjustments based on these indicators are recommended to optimize outcomes and ensure sustained progress in knee function and overall mobility.
Economic assessment of investments
Authors: Gadzhiev Nazirhan Gadzhievich , Gavrilova Tatiana Mihaylovna , Konovalenko Sergei Aleksandrovich , Skripkina Olga Viktorovna , Murzak Nataliya , Uchuvatov Aleksandr
Published: October 2024

The textbook examines the issues of economic evaluation of investments and determining the effectiveness of measures offered by students, provides various ways of assessing risks and methods of finding indicators of the effectiveness of investment projects.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For undergraduate students studying in the areas of training 08.03.01 "Construction", 09.03.01 "Computer Science and computer engineering", 27.03.04 "Management in technical systems", 13.03.03 "Power engineering", 15.03.05 "Design and technological support of machine-building industries".
Budget accounting and reporting: a collection of tasks
Authors: Gadzhiev Nazirhan Gadzhievich , Konovalenko Sergei Aleksandrovich , Skripkina Olga Viktorovna
Published: October 2024

The textbook reveals the specifics of budget accounting and reporting of organizations in the public sector of the economy.
The basics of the budget structure in the Russian Federation, the principles of organizing budget accounting in an organization, the specifics of accounting for various types of assets and liabilities in budget accounting, types of typical accounting errors, as well as regulatory legal acts, compliance with the requirements of which is mandatory for subjects of the public sector of the economy, are considered.
The types of economic offenses in the accounting of state-owned institutions are presented, the features of automation of accounting in institutions are considered.
It contains original tasks and exercises on accounting, control and expert activities for institutions of the public sector of the economy.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students and cadets of higher educational institutions, as well as educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, studying in the specialty 38.05.01 "Economic security".
Bobble-Head Doll Syndrome: Understanding a Rare Neurological Enigma
Authors: Gacka Piotr , Dołęga Marcin , Gołda Joanna , Mężyk Julia , Snopkowska Aleksandra , Musialska Dominika
Published: October 2024

Bobble-Head Doll Syndrome (BHDS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary, and stereotypical head movements, resembling the motion of a bobble-head doll, often accompanied by various neurological and endocrinological symptoms. Although primarily observed in pediatric patients, BobbleHead Doll Syndrome can also manifest in adults. The pathophysiology remains unclear, but it is often associated with suprasellar cysts, third ventricle cysts, or aqueductal stenosis. Diagnosis typically involves magnetic resonance imaging to visualize the cystic lesions and assess cerebrospinal fluid flow. Additional diagnostic modalities include computed tomography and electromyography. Treatment primarily involves neurosurgical intervention, such as ventriculocystostomy or ventriculocystocisternostomy, aimed at relieving cerebrospinal fluid obstruction. Despite the challenges in diagnosis and management, early recognition and appropriate treatment offer promising outcomes, including symptom resolution and potential recovery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Bobble-Head Doll Syndrome, including its clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnostic approach, and therapeutic strategies, highlighting the need for further research to elucidate its underlying mechanisms and optimize therapeutic strategies.
Physical activity in pregnant women: Literature review and educational recommendations
Authors: Mielczarek Maja , Sroczyńska Paulina , Kuderska Natalia , Sroczyński Jan , Sado Aleksandra , Wodniakowska Julia , Senior Karolina
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE 
Physical activity during pregnancy has numerous health benefits, including reducing the risk of excessive gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Quality of life (QOL) often decreases during pregnancy which may be linked to reduced physical activity (PA). This article emphasizes the importance of exercise during pregnancy and postpartum.
METHODS 
An extensive examination of articles published in scientific journals was carried out through  online  research platforms  PubMed and Google Scholar. We searched articles by entering keywords in appropriate configuration: “physical activity”, “pregnancy”, “pregnant exercises”, “pregnant woman”, “quality of life”, “QOL”.
 
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Gestational overweight and obesity are linked to negative outcomes for both mother and child. Additionally, physical activity plays a vital role in reducing postpartum depressive disorders and managing conditions such as gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders. WHO recommends to get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) similarly advises engaging in a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, like brisk walking, each week during and after pregnancy. 
SUMMARY
Physical activity can play a crucial role in preventing depressive disorders in women during the postpartum period.  A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in 2017 revealed that women who engaged in aerobic exercise for 30 to 60 minutes, 2 to 7 times a week, had a significantly lower risk of gestational hypertensive disorders, gestational hypertension, and cesarean delivery compared to those who were more sedentary.
Człowiek i woda: Dzieje wadowickich wodociągów i kanalizacji od XIX wieku do współczesności
Authors: Meus Konrad , Witkowski Marcin
Published: October 2024

Twentieth-century and contemporary researchers into the history of cities (including historians, art historians, anthropologists, ethnographers and sociologists) have concluded that the city as a complex social, cultural and spatial organism is a unique phenomenon. It is a living organism founded on a socio-economic system whose “measure of development is the speed and complexity of the changes it undergoes”520. The aforementioned changes determined the city as a cultural phenomenon, where this culture had to be treated in two ways, namely through the real and the symbolic, i.e. the culture-creating aspect521. From the perspective of the considerations presented in this book, both are important. The first consists of the technical infrastructure, i.e. the inanimate matter that makes up the city as a space, which includes all urban infrastructure such as water and sewage systems. The second, more sublime, is based on the cultural aspect. In the latter case, culture should also be understood as hygienic and sanitary culture, which underwent a profound transformation when the city entered the stage of so-called “vigorous urbanisation” observed in the 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as later in the times of “rapid development” of urbanisation.
¿Es necesario que las rondas hídricas sean bienes inalienables e imprescriptibles del estado?
Authors: Vargas Fonseca Alan David
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la necesidad de mantener la prescripción establecida en el literal d del artículo 83 del Decreto-Ley 2811 de 1974 sobre la condición de reserva territorial de las fajas de terreno paralelas a los cauces, también reconocidas como rondas hídricas. Desde hace 50 años se encuentra vigente en el ordenamiento la prohibición de apropiación de terrenos baldíos cuando estuvieren localizados dentro de estas fajas de terreno, sin embargo, en las tierras rurales, debido a la falta de una política de monitoreo y protección del recurso hídrico esta tipología de reserva territorial ha tenido poca efectividad. Debido a la actualización de las políticas de gestión del recurso hídrico y el impulso de la reforma rural integral ha adquirido notoriedad la reglamentación y aplicación del referido literal: las autoridades ambientales y la autoridad de tierras han ampliado su estrategia de intervención para acotar dichas fajas. Sin embargo, resulta necesario revisar los fundamentos de la prohibición de adjudicación de baldíos localizados dentro de la ronda hídrica, puesto que mantener obtusamente esta institución puede terminar restringiendo innecesariamente los derechos de los campesinos al acceso a la tierra y crea obstáculos para llevar a cabo una administración territorial eficiente; además, la reserva territorial de baldíos en las tierras ribereñas es anacrónica en tanto que no es justificable su permanencia o necesidad para lograr los objetivos de gestión ambiental del recurso hídrico que se requieren alcanzar en los tiempos de crisis climática.
Distributionally Constrained Black-Box Stochastic Gradient Estimation and Optimization
Authors: Lam Henry , Zhang Junhui
Published: October 2024

Constructing stochastic gradient estimators and descent algorithms is a core problem in stochastic optimization. In the black-box setting, namely when only noisy function evaluations are available, such gradient estimators are typically constructed via finite-differencing. In this regard, there have been schemes that aim to obtain gradient estimators for potentially many dimensions simultaneously via only few sample observations or simulation runs. However, for problems with probability simplex constraints, which arise in a range of applications from distributionally robust analysis to inverse model calibration, these schemes run into challenges one way or another when attempting to balance bias-variance in a constraint-compatible manner. This motivates us to create a new design framework for random perturbation generators and estimation schemes that bypass these challenges. Our culminated class of estimators, which is based on the Dirichlet mixtures, is demonstrably effective in distributionally constrained gradient estimation and optimization under various black-box settings.
Laparoscopic versus open repair for peptic ulcer perforation: a systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials. Time to conclude!
Authors: Sokhal BS , Mohamedahmed AYY , Zaman S , Wuheb AA , Abdalla HE , Husain N , Hajibandeh S , Hajibandeh S
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate comparative outcomes of laparoscopic and open repair for peptic ulcer perforation (PUP).

Methods

A PRISMA-compliant systematic review with a PROSPERO-registered protocol (registration number CRD42024529286) was conducted. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving PUP patients managed by laparoscopic or open repair were identified and their risk of bias assessed. Outcome syntheses for perioperative mortality and morbidities, need for reoperation, procedure time and length of hospital stay were conducted using random-effects modelling to calculate risk ratios (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Findings

Nine RCTs met the inclusion criteria, enrolling 670 patients of whom 317 were randomised to receive laparoscopic surgery and 353 were managed with open surgery. Laparoscopic repair of PUP significantly reduced mortality (RR 0.37, p = 0.03), total complications (RR 0.57, p = 0.0009), ileus (RR 0.43, p = 0.04), wound complications (RR 0.36, p < 0.0001) and length of hospital stay (MD −2.37, p = 0.0003) compared with the open approach. There were no significant differences in rate of postoperative leak (RR 2.00, 95% CI 0.74–5.41, p = 0.17), abdominal collection (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.46–3.07, p = 0.72), sepsis (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.39–3.52, p = 0.65), respiratory complications (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.32–1.46, p = 0.32), reoperation (RR 1.74, 95% CI 0.57–5.30, p = 0.33) and operating time (MD 15.31, 95% CI −4.86 to 35.47, p = 0.14) between the two groups.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic repair of PUP is associated with significantly lower mortality and morbidity and shorter length of stay compared with the open approach. The laparoscopic approach should be the management of choice subject to the existence of laparoscopic expertise.
Authentic Connection: Engaging with Students through Empathy
Authors: Davis LaTiffany , Albro Maggie , Mack Thura , Royse Molly
Published: October 2024

Abstract: As learning environments shift toward meeting the needs of an increasingly diverse student population, empathy is becoming an important tool for instructors. Empathy deepens the connection between students and instructors. This connection can also emerge in the library, where librarians are teaching students in a variety of contexts, from the reference desk to the one-shot instruction session. This article references current literature on empathy in the classroom and elaborates on how empathy can lead toward relationship-building based in trust, which ultimately enables learners to put aside their apprehensions and deepen their understanding of new concepts.
The Role of Librarian-Faculty Relations in Academic Instruction Librarians' Conceptions and Experiences of Teacher Agency
Authors: Baer Andrea
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article reports on findings of an online survey about academic instruction librarians' conceptions and experiences of teacher agency in relation to their instructional work, and, more specifically, on the role of librarian-faculty relationships in these conceptions and experiences. The research study is informed by an ecological model of teacher agency, according to which agency is understood in terms of not only individual choices and actions, but also relationships and interactions among individuals and groups and the environmental conditions in which they interact. This article builds on the findings reported in a previously published article that concentrated on study participants' conceptions of teacher agency and their affective orientations toward the concept.
Changing Leadership: A Longitudinal Study of Decision-making by Academic Library Leaders
Authors: Meier John J.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This paper presents the results of thirty-seven interviews of senior library leaders at American Association of University (AAU) institutions conducted in Spring 2023. The author replicated a 2016 study from portal , revealing an increased focus on strategic plan-based decision-making along with new priorities of open scholarship and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). The COVID-19 pandemic had a drastic impact on staffing and budgets, requiring academic library leaders to balance internal operations and external collaboration. A younger, more diverse AAU library leadership population achieves success through strong advocacy to campus leadership and the inclusive leadership practices outlined in this paper.
"The China Syndrome": Imagining Western Decline in the Age of "The Rise of China"
Authors: Cattien Jana
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This paper explores the persistent association between China and the apocalypse in Western political thought. Using the 1979 film The China Syndrome as a starting point, it examines how China is depicted as the specter of global catastrophe: as a society unable to recover from its own nineteenth-century collapse, and the post-apocalyptic form assumed by Europe itself. Through the writings of John Stuart Mill and Niall Ferguson, the paper highlights how the trope of "apocalyptic China" has evolved with shifts in global power, reflecting Western anxieties about its own decline and the perceived inevitability of China's rise.
Agar-made biodegradable ball lens
Authors: Rosa Lidia O. , Morais Eduarda F. , Cordeiro Cristiano M. B. , Fujiwara Eric
Published: October 2024

This work proposes the fabrication and characterization of ball lenses made of agar, a biodegradable and renewable material. Pouring a boiled solution of food-grade agar, glycerol, and water into cooled vegetable oil under agitation by a magnetic stirrer produces transparent and manipulable spheres. The glycerol concentration and rotation speed define the refractive index and size distribution, respectively, yielding lenses with diameters between 1 and 8 mm and indices ranging from 1.33 to 1.46. Experiments also characterized the output beam profile with 632 nm laser illumination. The results corroborate with the focal length simulated for a Gaussian beam model, suggesting controllable optical properties and anticipating potential applications of the agar ball lens as a biodegradable optical device for biomedical imaging, illumination, and sensing.