bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PROSESI SESERAHAN DALAM PERNIKAHAN ADAT BETAWI
Authors: Syarifudin Syarifudin , Qalyubi M.Mujib , Hasanudin Irfan
Published: May 2021

This study aims to find out how the procession of surrender in traditional Betawi marriage and how a review of Islamic law against it. Is there a proposition that prohibits / forbids it or is required. This research was conducted in the area of South Kedoya Village, Kebon Jeruk District, City. West Jakarta.This research is a legal research that uses qualitative research methods with an ethnographic approach and is descriptive in nature. In extracting information, researchers use observation and interview techniques. Researchers used the snowball technique so that the information obtained could go as far as possible into Betawi cultural customs. Researchers position themselves as research instruments themselves so that the information obtained can reach its roots. The data analysis used is the Miles and Huberman model data analysis, which is interactive and continues until the data is saturated. In this study, researchers found a philosophical, sociological and ideological foundation that was embedded in the culture of Betawi marriage customary marriage. Researchers also found the arguments underlying the implementation of these surrender activities. The evidence is sourced from the Qur'an, Hadith and Ijma 'and Qiyas of the scholars'. This research concludes that the culture of seserah in Betawi traditional marriage has a philosophical and ideological foundation that has been firmly embedded in the Betawi community in the South Kedoya region. So that this surrender event becomes mandatory for people who want to marry Betawi people. whereas according to Islamic law, basically customary law is mubah (allowed). But it can become mandatory
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E RESILIÊNCIA CLIMÁTICA: DESAFIOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS DA CRISE DA ÁGUA NUMA ESCOLA DO CAMPO / ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN THE WATER CRISIS AT A FIELD SCHOOL
Authors: Rosa Maria Arlete , Carniatto Irene , Cruz Rosana Aparecida
Published: May 2021

O artigo resulta de pesquisa vinculada ao Projeto “Invisibilidade da Identidade Socioambiental nas Escolas do Campo” financiado pelo CNPq, numa parceria da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, em Cascavel-PR, com a Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba-PR. Busca-se refletir e apresentar os resultados de como ocorreram as práticas educativas de resiliência em uma escola do campo diante da crise de abastecimento de água na comunidade de Matulão no município de Tijucas do Sul, localizado na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná. Também, como a escola como liderança social nessa comunidade, contribuiu para fortalecer sua identidade socioambiental de resiliência diante da falta de água nessa área rural do município. Assim, retrata-se a participação e a mobilização da comunidade escolar, pais, alunos, professores e representantes da comunidade que foram determinantes para que numa ação de transformação da realidade o problema fosse resolvido, garantindo o abastecimento de água para às famílias da comunidade. Tais ações concretizaram a articulação entre a Educação Ambiental e a Educação do Campo, fortalecendo o princípio da resiliência da comunidade e a sensibilização ambiental com a compreensão dos problemas ambientais locais e globais, e do necessário exercício de práticas de resiliência como um caminho possível diante de tais situações socioambientais.
PROPOSIÇÃO DE UMA ESTRUTURA CONCEITUAL BÁSICA DE CADEIA DE SUPRIMENTO HUMANITÁRIA PARA A CIDADE DE FOZ DO IGUAÇU – FASE DE PREPARAÇÃO / PROPOSITION OF A BASIC CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE OF HUMANITARIAN SUPPLY CHAIN TO THE CITY OF FOZ DO IGUAÇU - PREPARATION PHASE
Authors: Junior Jose Gonçalves , Dos Santos Manoela Silveira
Published: May 2021

Temos visto com mais frequência os meios de comunicação noticiarem situações envolvendo desastres, seja provocado pela natureza ou pela ação do homem. Neste cenário, a cadeia de suprimento humanitária vem ganhando papel de destaque, uma vez que proporciona aos atingidos um alívio ao sofrimento causado por um desastre. Esta condição ficou evidenciada no município de Foz do Iguaçu em 2015, quando a população foi atingida por uma forte chuva de granizo que causou danos sociais e estruturais. Desde o ocorrido, inexiste uma cadeia de suprimento humanitária que atenda as necessidades frente a um estado de calamidade. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa objetivou-se propor a fase de preparação de uma cadeia de suprimento humanitária para o município e, neste contexto, a pesquisa foi conduzida sob a abordagem qualitativa, de natureza aplicada, caracterizada como um estudo descritivo e propositivo. Os procedimentos adotados foram a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, com coleta de dados realizada por meio de entrevistas não estruturadas e questionário. Na literatura pesquisada foram encontrados dois modelos centrais apresentados por Kovacs e Spens (2007) e Balcik et al (2010), que somados aos elementos encontrados na coleta de dados, resultaram no modelo apresentado neste trabalho.
FINANÇAS PESSOAIS: UMA ANÁLISE SOB A ÓTICA DAS PRODUÇÕES CIENTÍFICAS DE 2012 A 2017
Authors: Do Prado Bueno Andréia , De Lima Trindade Larissa
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo ocupou-se da análise da produção científica sobre o tema finanças pessoais, ao propor uma busca das produções disponibilizadas no Portal Periódicos da Capes e a sintetização dos resultados, por intermédio da metodologia da revisão integrativa. Os resultados contemplaram 17 publicações, que foram integradas em quatro categorias, sendo a categoria conhecimento financeiro a mais representativa.  A sintetização e integração dos resultados possibilita a observação das variáveis que influenciam o comportamento e conhecimento financeiro dos indivíduos, além de fomentar o debate da importância da alfabetização financeira da população brasileira.
PRAÇA PRESIDENTE VARGAS: LINGUAGEM E DIALOGISMO NA RECONFIGURAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO PÚBLICO NA CIDADE DE PATO BRANCO (PR)
Authors: Cardenal Jozieli Camila , De Lima Anselmo Pereira
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo analisa momentos ocorridos na Praça Presidente Vargas, situada em Pato Branco, Paraná, Brasil, a partir da teoria da análise dialógica do discurso de Mikhail Bakhtin, visando interpretar o espaço público enquanto enunciado construído historicamente. Ao reconhecer que o espaço físico urbano pode ser concebido enquanto forma relativamente estável, que tem gênero e, por isso, não deve ser reduzido a um produto acabado, evidencia-se que, assim como a dinâmica social promovida por seus atores, o lugar está em constante transformação. Por estar em movimento contínuo, não está finalizado, resultando de um processo histórico urbano, de configuração e reconfiguração física e social, que reflete o processo de desenvolvimento local.
Kurt Gödels onvolledigheidsstellingen en de grenzen van de kennis
Authors: Van Bendegem Jean Paul
Published: May 2021

Kurt Gödel’s incompleteness theorems and the limits of knowledge

In this paper a presentation is given of Kurt Gödel’s pathbreaking results on the incompleteness of formal arithmetic. Some biographical details are provided but the main focus is on the analysis of the theorems themselves. An intermediate level between informal and formal has been sought that allows the reader to get a sufficient taste of the technicalities involved and not lose sight of the philosophical importance of the results. Connections are established with the work of Alan Turing and Hao Wang to show the present-day relevance of Gödel’s research and how it relates to the limitations of human knowledge, mathematical knowledge in particular.
Exploration of Ruthenium (III) Chloride catalysis on oxidative conversion of aryloximes to arylaldehydes with bromamine-B: A kinetic and mechanistic approach
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Mysore Road, Bengaluru, India., A S Manjunatha , Sukhdev Anu ,   Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Bengaluru, India., Swamy Putta ,   Department of Chemistry, Jnana Bharati Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India., Dhara T S Shashi ,   Department of Physics, Siddaganga College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Tumakuru, India.
Published: May 2021

Conversion of aryloximes to corresponding arylaldehydes is an important oxidative transformation in synthetic chemistry. In the course of this research, optimum conditions for the facile oxidation of benzaldehyde oxime and p-substituted benzaldehyde oximes viz., p-hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime, p-methoxy benzaldehyde oxime, p-bromobenzaldehyde oxime and p-nitrobenzaldehyde oxime (aryloximes) with bromamine–B (BAB) catalyzed by ruthenium (III) chloride (RuCl3) in perchloric acid (HClO4) medium have been kinetically investigated at 303 K. All the five aryloximes follow identical kinetics with a first-order dependence of rate on [BAB]o, fractional-order each on [aryloximes]o and [RuCl3], and an inverse fractional-order on [H+]. Activation parameters have been evaluated. Oxidation products were characterized by spectral analysis. Under the identical set of experimental conditions, the kinetics of catalyzed reactions has been compared with uncatalyzed reactions and found that the catalyzed reactions are 4–6 folds faster. Isokinetic temperature is found to be 338 K. The catalytic constants (Kc) have been calculated at different temperatures and the values of activation parameters with respect to the catalyst have been evaluated. Spectroscopic evidence for the formation of 1:1 complex between BAB and RuCl3 has been obtained. The observed results have been explained by a plausible mechanism and the related rate law has been deduced. The present method offers many advantages including high conversion, short reaction times and the involvement of non-toxic reagents.
Potential geoheritage assessment; Dereiçi travertines, Başkale, Van (east anatolian Turkey)
Authors: YEŞİLOVA Çetin
Published: May 2021

Dereiçi travertines famous for their Pamukkale-like conveyors are located to the south of the Başkale district of Van. The travertines are located after the 30th km of Başkale - Hakkâri highway and after 12 km by the road separating to the west. In this study, the morphological analyzes of travertines bearing geological heritages and their evaluation as "geo-tourism" were investigated. The oldest travertines in the region are the Layer-Type Traverteners at the base. On the Layer Type Travertines are the shear cracks developed in the K 10 B and K 40 D directions due to regional compressions and the Ridge Type Travertines formed by the waters from this crack. Finally, the waters draining down the slope from the cracks opening in the northeastern slope of the Ridge Type Travertines form the old and current Terrace Type Travertines.There are also small-sized Cave Type Travertines in the void spaces of various sizes developed in back-type travertines. When considered in potential of geoheritage, the region draws attention with two Ridge Type Travertines, a traverten bridge, some non-active terraced travertine, and a waterfall along a shear crack.In addition, the appearance of the natural walls formed by the downwind water due to the inclination of the Ridge Type Travertines along the northeast patch is also worth seeing. Dereiçi Travertines is one of the most important regions to be evaluated and protected from the perspective of geoheritage. However, these geological assets have not been found to be interesting, but at the same time, they have recently become the targets of the managerships looking for marble industry. Moreover, because of the increasingly decreasing hydrothermal waters coming out of the cracks, some of these terraces are dried up and some of them are coming to the stage of drying.The measures to be taken in order to continue natural formation are discussed in this article.
Desfazimento de bens e inventário anual: um estudo no Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina
Authors: Abreu Alexsandro Diego Sempkowski de , Trautmann Francielle Cristine , Michelon Paula De Souza
Published: May 2021

A gestão patrimonial no setor público compreende diversos critérios e procedimentos indispensáveis à preservação do patrimônio público. Porém, considerar as características inerentes aos procedimentos de desfazimento de bens é de fundamental relevância para a manutenção da fidedignidade dos registros contábeis e patrimoniais das Instituições. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os aspectos legais dos processos de desfazimento de bens e de inventário físico anual do Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, a fim propor melhorias para a gestão patrimonial. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento prévio dos normativos que regulamentam a gestão patrimonial no setor público, bem como aplicação de questionário a 22 servidores dos setores de patrimônio dos 22 campus da Instituição, com retorno de 18 respostas. Os resultados demonstraram que é constituída comissão para avaliar e inventariar os bens, mas tanto a depreciação quanto a reavaliação do patrimônio institucional ainda não são realizadas. Propõe-se a elaboração de manuais e normas padronizadas acerca do gerenciamento de bens (recebimento, desfazimento, inventário, etc.) para conhecimento de todos os servidores e usuários da Instituição.
«ЗВІТ ПРО УПРАВЛІННЯ» У СИСТЕМІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ДИНАМІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВОМ
Authors: Косташ Тетяна
Published: May 2021

Підготовка підприємствами Звіту про управління є наслідком інтеграції України та Європи. Він займає важливе місце у системі інформаційного забезпечення управління підприємством, тому при його підготовці потрібно виключити формальний підхід. Звіт про управління виступає як збалансований і комплексний аналіз поточного стану підприємства, розвитку та перспектив діяльності залежно від його розміру та складності бізнесу. Цей Звіт захистить бізнес підприємства (компанії) від проблем при умові повної демонстрації дотримання ними європейських підходів до ведення бізнесу. Однак, формальне складання Звіту про управління може призвести до негативних наслідків у веденні бізнесу і, як наслідок, отримання санкцій.
BRIEF ANALYSIS OF THE MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES IN CLASSICAL OIL PAINTING
Authors: Liu Haotian
Published: May 2021

Classical oil painting has a high degree of beauty in forms and expressions. It is an integral part of the history of oil painting art, and it is also the peak of the history of human painting civilization. The order, tranquility and elegance brought by its works have always been pursued by many artists. Classical oil painting materials and techniques are the basis for understanding classical paintings. This article mainly focuses on the definition of classical oil paintings, on its the structure and materials of classical and a brief analysis of its main techniques.
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ ПАЦИЕНТОВ ПОСЛЕ ОПЕРАЦИИ ПО УДАЛЕНИЮ МЕЖПОЗВОНОЧНОЙ ГРЫЖИ
Authors: Плешка Светлана , Чериков Анна
Published: May 2021

Боль в нижней части спины, по данным литературы, является патологическим состоянием, которое можно назвать «болезнью века», потому что каждый человек хотя бы раз в течении жизни сталкивался с болью в спине в области поясницы. Причины боли в спине могут быть самыми разными: от неправильной осанки до проблем связаных с патологией позвоночника, таких как грыжа межпозвоночного диска или невертеброгенных: патология крестцово-подвздошного сочленения, грушевидной мышцы или икроножной мышцы - камбаловидной мышцы. У пациентов с дискогенной пояснично-крестцовой радикулопатией часто выявляются сочетанные скелетно-мышечные причины боли, которые вносят другие существенные вклады в поддержание болевого синдрома. То же самое наблюдалосьи в нашем исследовании после устранения источника боли дискогенного происхождения, болевой синдром более легкой и умеренной интенсивности продолжает сохраняться на фоне структурных изменений крестцово-подвздошных сочленений, дисфункции грушевидной мышцы, миофасциальным синдромом икроножных, камбаловидной группы мышц.
A Sulfur Dioxide Covariance-Based Retrieval Algorithm (COBRA): application to TROPOMI reveals new emission sources
Authors: Theys Nicolas , Fioletov Vitali , Li Can , De Smedt Isabelle , Lerot Christophe , McLinden Chris , Krotkov Nickolay , Griffin Debora , Clarisse Lieven , Hedelt Pascal , Loyola Diego , Wagner Thomas , Kumar Vinod , Innes Antje , Ribas Roberto , Hendrick François , Vlietinck Jonas , Brenot Hugues , Van Roozendael Michel
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Sensitive and accurate detection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from space is important for monitoring and estimating global sulfur emissions. Inspired by detection methods applied in the thermal infrared, we present here a new scheme to retrieve SO2 columns from satellite observations of ultraviolet back-scattered radiances. The retrieval is based on a measurement error covariance matrix to fully represent the SO2-free radiance variability, so that the SO2 slant column density is the only retrieved parameter of the algorithm. We demonstrate this approach, named COBRA, on measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) aboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) satellite. We show that the method reduces significantly both the noise and biases present in the current TROPOMI operational DOAS SO2 retrievals. The performance of this technique is also benchmarked against that of the Principal Component Algorithm (PCA) approach. We find that the quality of the data is similar and even slightly better with the proposed COBRA approach. The ability of the algorithm to retrieve SO2 accurately is also further supported by comparison with ground-based observations. We illustrate the great sensitivity of the method with a high-resolution global SO2 map, considering two and a half years of TROPOMI data. In addition to the known sources, we detect many new SO2 emission hotspots worldwide. For the largest sources, we use the COBRA data to estimate SO2 emission rates. Results are comparable to other recently published TROPOMI-based SO2 emissions estimates, but the associated uncertainties are significantly lower than with the operational data. Next, for a limited number of weak sources, we demonstrate the potential of our data for quantifying SO2 emissions with a detection limit of about 8 kt yr-1, a factor of 4 better than the emissions derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). We anticipate that the systematic use of our TROPOMI COBRA SO2 column data set at a global scale will allow identifying and quantifying missing sources, and help improving SO2 emission inventories.
Hemispheric contrasts in ice formation in stratiform mixed-phase clouds: Disentangling the role of aerosol and dynamics with ground-based remote sensing
Authors: Radenz Martin , Bühl Johannes , Seifert Patric , Baars Holger , Engelmann Ronny , Barja González Boris , Mamouri Rodanthi-Elisabeth , Zamorano Félix , Ansmann Albert
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Multi-year ground-based remote-sensing datasets acquired with the Leipzig Aerosol and Cloud Remote Observations System (LACROS) at three sites: a highly polluted central European site (Leipzig, Germany), a polluted and strongly dust-influenced eastern Mediterranean site (Limassol, Cyprus), and a clean marine site in the southern mid-latitudes (Punta Arenas, Chile) are used to contrast ice formation in shallow stratiform liquid clouds. These unique, long-term datasets at key sites of aerosol-cloud interaction provide a deeper insight into cloud microphysics. The influence of temperature, aerosol load, boundary-layer coupling and gravity wave motion on ice formation is investigated. With respect to previous studies of regional contrasts in the properties of mixed-phase clouds our study contributes the following new aspects: (1) Sampling aerosol optical parameters as a function of temperature, the average backscatter coefficient at supercooled temperatures is within a factor of 3 at all three sites. (2) Ice formation was found to be more frequent for cloud layers with cloud top temperatures above −15 °C than indicated by prior lidar-only studies at all sites. A virtual lidar-detection threshold of IWC needs to be considered in order to bring radar-lidar-based studies in agreement with lidar-only studies. (3) At similar temperatures, cloud layers which are coupled to the aerosol-laden boundary layer show more intense ice formation than de-coupled clouds. (4) Liquid layers formed by gravity waves were found to bias the phase occurrence statistics below −15 °C. By applying a novel gravity wave detection approach using vertical velocity observations within the liquid-dominated cloud top, wave clouds can be classified and excluded from the statistics. After considering boundary layer and gravity-wave influences, Punta Arenas shows lower fractions of ice containing clouds by 0.1 to 0.4 absolute difference at temperatures between −24 and −8 °C. These differences are potentially caused by the contrast in the INP reservoir between the different sites.
Estimating lockdown-induced European NO2 changes using satellite and surface observations and air quality models
Authors: Barré Jérôme , Petetin Hervé , Colette Augustin , Guevara Marc , Peuch Vincent-Henri , Rouil Laurence , Engelen Richard , Inness Antje , Flemming Johannes , Pérez García-Pando Carlos , Bowdalo Dene , Meleux Frederik , Geels Camilla , Christensen Jesper H. , Gauss Michael , Benedictow Anna , Tsyro Svetlana , Friese Elmar , Struzewska Joanna , Kaminski Jacek W. , Douros John , Timmermans Renske , Robertson Lennart , Adani Mario , Jorba Oriol , Joly Mathieu , Kouznetsov Rostislav
Published: May 2021

Abstract. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of
NO2 changes across the main European urban areas induced by COVID-19
lockdowns using satellite retrievals from the Tropospheric Monitoring
Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5p satellite, surface site
measurements, and simulations from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring
Service (CAMS) regional ensemble of air quality models. Some recent
TROPOMI-based estimates of changes in atmospheric NO2 concentrations
have neglected the influence of weather variability between the reference
and lockdown periods. Here we provide weather-normalized estimates based on
a machine learning method (gradient boosting) along with an assessment of
the biases that can be expected from methods that omit the influence of
weather. We also compare the weather-normalized satellite-estimated NO2
column changes with weather-normalized surface NO2 concentration
changes and the CAMS regional ensemble, composed of 11 models, using
recently published estimates of emission reductions induced by the lockdown.
All estimates show similar NO2 reductions. Locations where the lockdown
measures were stricter show stronger reductions, and, conversely, locations
where softer measures were implemented show milder reductions in NO2
pollution levels. Average reduction estimates based on either satellite
observations (−23 %), surface stations (−43 %), or models (−32 %) are
presented, showing the importance of vertical sampling but also the
horizontal representativeness. Surface station estimates are significantly
changed when sampled to the TROPOMI overpasses (−37 %), pointing out the
importance of the variability in time of such estimates. Observation-based
machine learning estimates show a stronger temporal variability than
model-based estimates.
The impact of increasing stratospheric radiative damping on the quasi-biennial oscillation period
Authors: Zhou Tiehan , DallaSanta Kevin , Nazarenko Larissa , Schmidt Gavin A. , Jin Zhonghai
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Stratospheric radiative damping increases as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration rises. We use the one-dimensional mechanistic models of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) to conduct sensitivity experiments and find that the simulated QBO period shortens due to the enhancing of radiative damping in the stratosphere. This result suggests that increasing stratospheric radiative damping due to rising CO2 may play a role in determining the QBO period in a warming climate along with wave momentum flux entering the stratosphere and tropical vertical residual velocity, both of which also respond to increasing CO2.
Secondary aerosol formation alters CCN activity in the North China Plain
Authors: Tao Jiangchuan , Kuang Ye , Ma Nan , Hong Juan , Sun Yele , Xu Wanyun , Zhang Yanyan , He Yao , Luo Qingwei , Xie Linhong , Su Hang , Cheng Yafang
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Secondary aerosols (SAs, including secondary organic and inorganic aerosols,
SOAs and SIAs) are predominant components of aerosol particles in the North
China Plain (NCP), and their formation has significant impacts on the evolution
of particle size distribution (PNSD) and hygroscopicity. Previous studies
have shown that distinct SA formation mechanisms can dominate under
different relative humidity (RH). This would lead to different influences of
SA formation on the aerosol hygroscopicity and PNSD under different RH
conditions. Based on the measurements of size-resolved particle activation
ratio (SPAR), hygroscopicity distribution (GF-PDF), PM2.5 chemical
composition, PNSD, meteorology and gaseous pollutants in a recent field
campaign, McFAN (Multiphase chemistry experiment in Fogs and Aerosols in the
North China Plain), conducted during the autumn–winter transition period in
2018 at a polluted rural site in the NCP, the influences of SA formation on
cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and CCN number concentration
(NCCN) calculation under different RH conditions were studied. Results
suggest that during daytime, SA formation could lead to a significant
increase in NCCN and a strong diurnal variation in SPAR at
supersaturations lower than 0.07 %. During periods with daytime minimum
RH exceeding 50 % (high RH conditions), SA formation significantly
contributed to the particle mass and size changes in a broad size range of 150 to 1000 nm, leading to NCCN (0.05 %) increases within the size range of
200 to 500 nm and mass concentration growth mainly for particles larger
than 300 nm. During periods with daytime minimum RH below 30 % (low RH
conditions), SA formation mainly contributed to the particle mass and size and
NCCN changes for particles smaller than 300 nm. As a result, under the
same amount of mass increase induced by SA formation, the increase of
NCCN (0.05 %) was stronger under low RH conditions and weaker under
high RH conditions. Moreover, the diurnal variations of the SPAR parameter
(inferred from CCN measurements) due to SA formation varied with RH
conditions, which was one of the largest uncertainties within NCCN
predictions. After considering the SPAR parameter (estimated through the
number fraction of hygroscopic particles or mass fraction of SA), the
relative deviation of NCCN (0.05 %) predictions was reduced to within
30 %. This study highlights the impact of SA formation on CCN activity and
NCCN calculation and provides guidance for future improvements of
CCN predictions in chemical-transport models and climate models.
Assessment of online water-soluble brown carbon measuring systems for aircraft sampling
Authors: Zeng Linghan , Sullivan Amy P. , Washenfelder Rebecca A. , Dibb Jack , Scheuer Eric , Campos Teresa L. , Katich Joseph M. , Levin Ezra , Robinson Michael A. , Weber Rodney J.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Brown carbon (BrC) consists of particulate organic species that preferentially absorb light at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. Ambient studies show that as a component of aerosol particles, BrC affects photochemical reaction rates and regional to global climate. Some organic chromophores are especially toxic linking BrC to adverse health effects. The lack of direct measurements of BrC has limited our understanding of its prevalence, sources, evolution, and impacts. We describe the first direct, online measurements of water-soluble BrC on research aircraft by three separate instruments. Each instrument measured light absorption over a broad wavelength range using a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) and grating spectrometer, with particles collected into water by a Particle-into-Liquid Sampler (CSU PILS-LWCC and NOAA PILS-LWCC) or a mist chamber (MC-LWCC). The instruments were deployed on the NSF C-130 aircraft during WE-CAN 2018 as well as the NASA DC-8 and the NOAA Twin Otter aircraft during FIREX-AQ 2019, where they sampled fresh and moderately aged wildfire plumes. Here, we describe the instruments, calibrations, data analysis, and corrections for baseline drift and hysteresis. Detection limits (3σ) at 365 nm were 1.53 Mm−1 (MC-LWCC; 2.5 min sampling time), 0.89 Mm−1 (CSU PILS-LWCC; 30 s sampling time), and 0.03 Mm−1 (NOAA PILS-LWCC; 30 s sampling time). Measurement uncertainties were 28 % (MC-LWCC), 12 % (CSU PILS-LWCC), and 11 % (NOAA PILS-LWCC). The MC-LWCC system agreed well with offline measurements from filter samples, with a slope of 0.91 and R2 = 0.89. Overall, these instruments provide soluble BrC measurements with specificity and geographical coverage that is unavailable by other methods, but their sensitivity and time resolution can be challenging for aircraft studies where large and rapid changes in BrC concentrations may be encountered.
An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Sampling Platform for Atmospheric Water Vapor Isotopes in Polar Environments
Authors: Rozmiarek Kevin S. , Vaughn Bruce H. , Jones Tyler R. , Morris Valerie , Skorski William B. , Hughes Abigail G. , Elston Jack , Wahl Sonja , Faber Anne-Katrine , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Above polar ice sheets, atmospheric water vapor exchange occurs across the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and is an important mechanism in a number of processes that affect the surface mass balance of the ice sheets. Yet, this exchange is not well understood, and has substantial implications for modeling and remote sensing of the polar hydrologic cycle. Efforts to characterize the exchange face substantial logistical challenges including the remoteness of ice sheet field camps, extreme weather conditions, low humidity and temperature that limits the effectiveness of instruments, and dangers associated with flying manned aircraft at low altitudes. Here, we present an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) sampling platform for operation in extreme polar environments that is capable of sampling atmospheric water vapor for subsequent measurement of water isotopes. This system was deployed to the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EastGRIP) camp in northeast Greenland during summer 2019. Six sampling flight missions were completed. With a suite of atmospheric measurements onboard the UAV (temperature, humidity, pressure, GPS) we determine the height of the PBL using on-line algorithms, allowing for strategic decision making by the pilot to sample water isotopes above and below the PBL. Water isotope data was measured by a Picarro 2130-i instrument using flasks of atmospheric air collected within the nose cone of the UAV. The internal repeatability for δD and δ18O was 2.8 ‰ and 0.45 ‰, respectively, which we also compared to independent EastGRIP tower-isotope data. Based on these results, we demonstrate the efficacy of this new UAV-isotope platform and present improvements to be utilized in future polar field campaigns. The system is also designed to be readily adaptable to other fields of study, such as measurement of carbon cycle gases or remote sensing of ground conditions.
Ionospheric control of space weather
Authors: Saka Osuke
Published: May 2021

Abstract. As proposed by Saka (2019), plasma injections arising out of the auroral
ionosphere (ionospheric injection) are a characteristic process of the polar
ionosphere at substorm onset. The ionospheric injection is triggered by
westward electric fields transmitted from the convection surge in the
magnetosphere at field line dipolarization. Localized westward electric
fields result in local accumulation of ionospheric electrons and ions, which
produce local electrostatic potentials in the auroral ionosphere.
Field-aligned electric fields are developed to extract excess charges from
the ionosphere. This process is essential to the equipotential equilibrium of
the auroral ionosphere. Cold electrons and ions that evaporate from the auroral
ionosphere by ionospheric injection tend to generate electrostatic parallel
potential below an altitude of 10 000 km. This is a result of charge
separation along the mirror fields introduced by the evaporated electrons
and ions moving earthward in phase space.
Climate change and elevated CO2 favor forest over savanna under different future scenarios in South Asia
Authors: Kumar Dushyant , Pfeiffer Mirjam , Gaillard Camille , Langan Liam , Scheiter Simon
Published: May 2021

Abstract. South Asian vegetation provides essential ecosystem services to the 1.7 billion inhabitants living in the region. However, biodiversity and ecosystem services are threatened by climate and land-use change. Understanding and assessing how ecosystems respond to simultaneous increases in atmospheric CO2 and future climate change is of vital importance to avoid undesired ecosystem change. Failed reaction to increasing CO2 and climate change will likely have severe consequences for biodiversity and humankind. Here, we used the adaptive dynamic global vegetation model version 2 (aDGVM2) to simulate vegetation dynamics in South Asia under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, and we explored how the presence or absence of CO2 fertilization influences vegetation responses to climate change.
Simulated vegetation under both representative concentration pathways (RCPs) without CO2 fertilization effects showed a decrease in tree dominance and biomass, whereas simulations with CO2 fertilization showed an increase in biomass, canopy cover, and tree height and a decrease in biome-specific evapotranspiration by the end of the 21st century. The predicted changes in aboveground biomass and canopy cover triggered transition towards tree-dominated biomes. We found that savanna regions are at high risk of woody encroachment and transitioning into forest. We also found transitions of deciduous forest to evergreen forest in the mountain regions. Vegetation types using C3 photosynthetic pathway were not saturated at current CO2 concentrations, and the model simulated a strong CO2 fertilization effect with the rising CO2. Hence, vegetation in the region has the potential to remain a carbon sink. Projections showed that the bioclimatic envelopes of biomes need adjustments to account for shifts caused by climate change and elevated CO2. The results of our study help to understand the regional climate–vegetation interactions and can support the development of regional strategies to preserve ecosystem services and biodiversity under elevated CO2 and climate change.
Ideas and perspectives: Sea-Level Change, Anaerobic Methane Oxidation, and the Glacial-Interglacial Phosphorus Cycle
Authors: Sundby Bjorn , Anschutz Pierre , Lecroart Pascal , Mucci Alfonso
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The oceanic phosphorus cycle describes how phosphorus moves through the ocean, accumulates with the sediments on the seafloor, and participates in biogeochemical reactions. We propose a new two-reservoir scenario of the glacial-interglacial phosphorus cycle. It relies on diagenesis in methane hydrate-bearing sediments to mobilize sedimentary phosphorus and transfer it to the oceanic reservoir during times when falling sea level lowers the hydrostatic pressure on the seafloor and destabilizes methane hydrates. The stock of solid phase phosphorus mobilizable by this process is of the same order of magnitude as the dissolved phosphate inventory of the current oceanic reservoir. The potential, additional flux of phosphate during the glacial period is of the same order of magnitude as pre-agricultural, riverine dissolved phosphate fluxes to the ocean. Throughout the cycle, primary production assimilates phosphorus and inorganic carbon into biomass which, upon settling and burial, returns phosphorus to the sedimentary reservoir. Primary production also lowers the partial pressure of CO2 in the surface ocean, potentially drawing down CO2 from the atmosphere. Concurrent with this slow ‘biological pump’, but operating in the opposite direction, a ’physical pump’ brings metabolic CO2-enriched waters from deep-ocean basins to the upper ocean. The two pumps compete, but the direction of the CO2 flux at the air-sea interface depends on the nutrient content of the deep waters. Because of the transfer of reactive phosphorus to the sedimentary reservoir throughout a glaciation cycle, low phosphorus/ high CO2 deep waters reign at the beginning of a deglaciation, resulting in rapid transfer of CO2 to the atmosphere. The new scenario provides another element to the suite of processes that may have contributed to the rapid glacial-interglacial climate transitions documented in paleo-records.
Age and driving mechanisms of the Eocene-Oligocene Transition from astronomical tuning of a lacustrine record (Rennes Basin, France)
Authors: Boulila Slah , Dupont-Nivet Guillaume , Galbrun Bruno , Bauer Hugues , Châteauneuf Jean-Jacques
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT) marks the onset of the Antarctic glaciation and the switch from greenhouse to icehouse climates. However, the driving mechanisms and the precise timing of the EOT remain controversial mostly due to the lack of well-dated stratigraphic records, especially in continental environments. Here we present a cyclo-magnetostratigraphic and sedimentological study of a ∼7.6 Myr-long lacustrine record spanning the late Eocene to the earliest Oligocene, from a drill-core in the Rennes Basin (France). Time-series analysis of natural gamma-ray (NGR) log data shows evidence of Milankovitch cycle bands. In particular, the 405 kyr stable eccentricity is expressed with strong amplitudes. Astronomical calibration to this 405 kyr periodicity yields duration estimates of Chrons C12r through C16n.1n, providing additional constraints on the middle–early Eocene timescale. Correlations between the orbital eccentricity curve and the 405 kyr tuned NGR time series and assumptions on their phase relationships, enable to test previously proposed ages for the EO boundary, indicating that 33.71 and 34.10 Ma are the most likely. Additionally, the 405 kyr tuning calibrates the most pronounced NGR cyclicity to a period of ∼1 Myr matching the g1-g5 eccentricity term. Such cyclicity has been recorded in other continental records, pointing to its significant expression in continental depositional environments. The record of g1-g5 and sometimes g2-g5 eccentricity terms in previously acquired sedimentary facies proxies in CDB1 core led us to hypothesize that the paleolake level may have behaved as a lowpass filter for orbital forcing. Two prominent changes in the sedimentary facies were detected across the EOT, which are temporally equivalent to the two main climatic steps, EOT-1 and Oi-1. Combined with previously acquired geochemical (δ15Norg, TOC), mineralogical (Quartz, clays) and pollen assemblage proxies from CDB1, we suggest that these two facies changes reflect the two major Antarctic cooling/glacial phases via the hydrological cycle, as significant shifts to drier and cooler climate conditions, thus supporting the stepwise nature of the EOT. Remarkably, a strongly dominant obliquity expressed in the latest Eocene corresponds in time to the interval from the EOT precursor glacial event till the EOT-1. We interpret the obliquity dominance as reflecting preconditioning phases for the onset of the major Antarctic glaciation, either from its direct impact on the formation/(in)stability of the incipient Antactic Ice Sheet (AIS), or through its modulation of the North Atlantic Deep Water production given the North Atlantic coastal location of the CDB1 site.
Capturing the Interactions Between Ice Sheets, Sea Level and the Solid Earth on a Range of Timescales: A new "time window" algorithm
Authors: Han Holly Kyeore , Gomez Natalya , Wan Jeannette Xiu Wen
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Retreat and advance of ice sheets perturb the gravitational field, solid surface and rotation of the Earth, leading to spatially variable sea-level changes over a range of timescales (~O100-6 years), which in turn feed back onto ice sheet dynamics. Coupled ice-sheet – sea-level models have been developed to capture the interactive processes between ice sheets, sea level and the solid Earth, but it is computationally challenging to capture short-term interactions (~O100-2 years) precisely within longer (~O103-6 years) simulations. The classic coupling algorithm assigns a uniform temporal resolution in the sea-level model, causing a quadratic increase in total CPU time with the total number of input ice history steps, which increases with either the length or temporal resolution of the simulation. In this study, we introduce a new “time window” algorithm for sea-level models that enables users to define the temporal resolution at which the ice loading history is captured during different time intervals before the current simulation time. Utilizing the time window, we assign a fine temporal resolution (~O100-2 years) for the period of ongoing and recent history of surface ice and ocean loading changes and a coarser temporal resolution (~O103-6 years) for earlier periods in the simulation. This reduces the total CPU time and memory required per model time step while maintaining the precision of the model results. We explore the sensitivity of sea-level model results to the model's temporal resolution and show how this sensitivity feeds back onto ice sheet dynamics in coupled modelling. We apply the new algorithm to simulate the sea-level changes in response to global ice-sheet evolution over two glacial cycles and the rapid collapse of marine sectors of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in the coming centuries, providing appropriate time window profiles for each of these applications. The time window algorithm improves the total CPU time by ~50–% in each of these examples, and this improvement would increase with longer simulations than considered here. Our algorithm also allows coupling time intervals of annual temporal scale for coupled ice-sheet – sea-level modelling of regions such as the West Antarctic that are characterized by rapid solid Earth response to ice changes due to the thin lithosphere and low mantle viscosities.
Feedback mechanisms between precipitation and dissolution reactions across randomly heterogeneous conductivity fields
Authors: Edery Yaniv , Stolar Martin , Porta Giovanni , Guadagnini Alberto
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Our study investigates interplays between dissolution, precipitation, and transport processes taking place across randomly heterogeneous conductivity domains and the ensuing spatial distribution of preferential pathways. We do so by relying on a collection of computational analyses of reactive transport performed in two-dimensional systems where the (natural) logarithm of conductivity is characterized by various degrees of spatial heterogeneity. Our results document that precipitation and dissolution jointly take place in the system, the latter mainly occurring along preferential flowpaths associated with the conductivity field, the former being observed at locations close to and clearly separated from these. High conductivity values associated with the preferential flowpaths tend to further increase in time, giving rise to a self-sustained feedback between transport and reaction processes. The clear separation between regions where dissolution or precipitation takes place is imprinted onto the sample distributions of conductivity which tend to become visibly left skewed with time (with the appearance of a bimodal behavior at some times). The link between conductivity changes and reaction-driven processes promotes the emergence of non-Fickian effective transport features. The latter can be captured through a continuous time random walk model where solute travel times are approximated with a truncated power law probability distribution. The parameters of such a model shift towards values associated with increasingly high non-Fickian effective transport behavior as time progresses.
Technical note: Controversial aspects of the direct vapor equilibration method for stable isotope analysis (δ18O, δ2H) of matrix-bound water: Unifying protocols through empirical and mathematical scrutiny
Authors: Gralher Benjamin , Herbstritt Barbara , Weiler Markus
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The direct vapor equilibration laser spectrometry (DVE-LS) method has been developed for obtaining matrix-bound water stable isotope data in soils, the critical zone and bedrock, deriving therefrom subsurface water flow and transport processes and, ultimately, characterising e.g. groundwater recharge and vulnerability. Recently, DVE-LS has been increasingly adopted due to its possible high sample throughput, relative simplicity and cost-efficiency. However, this has come at the cost of a non-unified standard operation protocol (SOP) and several contradictory suggestions regarding protocol details do exist which have not been resolved to date. Particularly, sample container material and equilibration times have not yet been agreed upon. Beside practical constraints, this often limits DVE-LS applicability to interpreting relative isotope dynamics instead of absolute values. It also prevents data comparability among studies or laboratories and several previous comparisons of DVE-LS with other, more traditional approaches of water extraction and subsequent stable isotope analysis yielded significant discrepancies for various sample matrices and physical states. In a series of empirical tests, we scrutinized the controversial DVE-LS protocol details. Specifically, we tested ten different easily available and cost-efficient inflatable bags previously employed or potentially suitable for DVE-LS sample collection and equilibration. In storage tests similar to the DVE-LS equilibration process but lasting several weeks, we quickly found heat-sealed bags made of laminated Aluminum (Al) sheets to be superior by several orders of magnitude over more frequently used freezer bags in terms of evaporation-safety and accompanying adverse isotope effects. For the first time, Al-laminated bags allow the applied equilibration time to be adapted exclusively to sample requirements instead of accepting reduced data quality in a trade-off with material shortcomings. Based on detailed physical considerations, we further describe how to calculate the minimum available container headspace and sample-contained liquid water volume and how their ratio affects analytical precision and accuracy. We are confident, that these guidelines will expand DVE-LS applicability and improve data quality and comparability among studies and laboratories by contributing to a more unified, physically well-founded SOP based on more appropriate components.
Wildfire-Atmosphere Interaction Index for Extreme Fire behaviour
Authors: Artés Tomas , Castellnou Marc , Houston Durrant Tracy , San-Miguel Jesús
Published: May 2021

Abstract. During the last 20 years extreme wildfires have challenged firefighting capabilities. Often, the prediction of the extreme behaviour is essential for the safety of citizens and fire fighters. Currently, there are several fire danger indices routinely used by firefighting services, but they are not suited to forecast convective extreme wildfire behaviour at global scale. This article proposes a new fire danger index, extreme fire behaviour index (EFBI), based on the analysis of the vertical profiles of the atmosphere above wildfires as an alternative to the use of traditional fire danger indices. The EFBI evaluates the ease of interaction between wildfires and the atmosphere that could lead to convective, erratic and extreme wildfires. Results of this research in the analysis of some of the critical fires in the last years show that the EFBI can potentially be used to provide valuable information to identify convective fires and to enhance fire danger rating schemes worldwide.