bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opening up cultural content in non-standard language data through cross-disciplinary collaboration
Authors: Dorn Amelie , Abgaz Yalemisew , Wandl-Vogt Eveline
Published: October 2024

Understanding collaboration between researchers of different disciplines requires an ability to embrace multiple views and perspectives, and communicative efforts. This paper thus provides insights on methods, processes and results of a cooperation in Humanities research supported by semantic technologies with the aim of accessing and opening up cultural knowledge contained in a non-standard language resource. The collaborative undertaking is carried out within a Digital Humanities project and an Open Innovation framework. Meta-disciplinary learnings offer insights on factors fostering mutual understanding, knowledge translation and mutual benefits.
Wrangling with Non-Standard Data
Authors: Mäkelä Eetu , Lagus Krista , Lahti Leo , Säily Tanja , Tolonen Mikko , Hämäläinen Mika , Kaislaniemi Samuli , Nevalainen Terttu
Published: October 2024

Research in the digital humanities and computational social sciences requires overcoming complexity in research data, methodology, and research questions. In this article, we show through case studies of three different digital humanities and computational social science projects, that these problems are prevalent, multiform, as well as laborious to counter. Yet, without facilities for acknowledging, detecting, handling and correcting for such bias, any results based on the material will be faulty. Therefore, we argue for the need for a wider recognition and acknowledgement of the problematic nature of many DH/CSS datasets, and correspondingly of the amount of work required to render such data usable for research. These arguments have implications both for evaluating feasibility and allocation of funding with respect to project proposals, but also in assigning academic value and credit to the labour of cleaning up and documenting datasets of interest.
Name the Name
Authors: Ruokolainen Teemu , Kettunen Kimmo
Published: October 2024

Named Entity Recognition (NER), search, classification, and tagging of names and name like frequent informational elements in texts, has become a standard information extraction procedure for textual data. NER has been applied to many types of texts and different types of entities: newspapers, fiction, historical records, persons, locations, chemical compounds, protein families, animals etc. Performance of a NER system is usually quite heavily genre and domain dependent. Entity categories used in NER may also vary. The most used set of named entity categories is usually some version of three partite categorization of locations, persons, and organizations. In this paper we report evaluation results with data extracted from a digitized Finnish historical newspaper collection Digi using two statistical NER systems, namely, Stanford Named Entity Recognizer and LSTM-CRF NER model. The OCRed newspaper collection has lots of OCR errors; its estimated word level correctness is about 70–75%. Our NER evaluation collection and training data are based on ca. 500 000 words which have been manually corrected from OCR output of ABBYY FineReader 11. We have also available evaluation data of new uncorrected OCR output of Tesseract 3.04.01. Our Stanford NER results are mostly satisfactory. With our ground truth data we achieve F-score of 0.89 with locations and 0.84 with persons. With organizations the result is 0.60. With re-OCRed Tesseract output the results are 0.79, 0.72, and 0.42, respectively. Results of LSTM-CRF are similar.
Human-Centered Humanities
Authors: Fergencs Tamás , Illés Dominika , Pilawka Olga , Meier Florian
Published: October 2024

This pilot study proposes the use of so-called stimulus material during interviews for requirements elicitation as part of the design process of a digital archive. Designing complex systems like digital archives is not straightforward as users of these systems have specific needs and tasks that designers need to be aware of before the implementation phase can begin. Stimulus material can support the requirements elicitation to collect domain- and content-specific user tasks and needs, which might get overlooked otherwise. We supplemented semistructured interviews with observational sessions in which print-outs of historical pamphlets and office supplies were handed to participants to give them the opportunity for in-depth study of the material. We found that the use of stimulus material helps participants to focus on the task at hand and articulate their actions and workflow steps more easily. Via thematic analysis the participants statements were turned into a coding schema that serves as requirements specification for an initial prototype.
Linked Open Data Infrastructure for Digital Humanities in Finland
Authors: Hyvönen Eero
Published: October 2024

This paper presents and overviews Linked Open Data Infrastructure for Digital Humanities in Finland (LODI4DH), a joint initiative of Aalto University, Department of Computer Science, and University of Helsinki (UH), Helsinki Centre for Digital Humanities (HELDIG), for creating a national data infrastructure and Linked Data services for open science. The data and services enable publication and utilization of datasets for data-intensive Digital Humanities (DH) research in structured, standardized formats via open interfaces. LODI4DH is based on a large national collaboration network and software created during a long line of national projects in DH between UH and Aalto since 2003. This work has created several in-use infrastructure prototypes, such as the ONKI and Finto ontology service now at the National Library of Finland, the Linked Data Finland data publishing platform LDF.fi, and the “Sampo” series of semantic portals testing and demonstrating the usability of the approach in practical applications. Thus far, these systems have had millions of end-users on the Web suggesting a high potential of utilizing the technology and Linked Data infrastructure in DH.
No room for hate
Authors: Šulc Ajda , Pahor de Maiti Kristina
Published: October 2024

This paper offers insights into the collaboration process of a research team that brought together social scientists, humanists and computer scientists on the topic of socially unacceptable discourse online. What seemed as a straightforward problem, proved to be a complex phenomenon that required intense discussions and several iterations of solutions development in order to arrive at a result that would satisfy the individual needs of the disciplines involved. More specifically, we present the challenges faced before and during the creation of a corpus of socially unacceptable Facebook comments. From a collaboration point of view, we learned that it is crucial to set aside enough time for regular brainstorming sessions and feedback throughout the project since this prevents possibly fatal detours due to misunderstanding with regard to terminology or the scope of research. Moreover, we saw how a lack of a common system for taking scrupulous notes on all interventions into common data resource can lead into multiple iterations of simple tasks. Finally, the collaboration thought us that listening is crucial in order to optimally combine and exchange knowledge and analytical approaches among the disciplines, but also to rationally simplify tasks whenever possible.
Virtualization of the Digital Humanities in the Nordic Countries 5th Conference
Authors: Baklāne Anda , Reinsone Sanita
Published: October 2024

The paper recounts the process of organizing and running the virtual Digital Humanities in the Nordic Countries Conference (DHN2020) after the original conference was rescheduled due to the Covid-19 pandemic and provides an overview of the papers published in the second volume of the proceedings of the conference.
Quantitative Analysis of Passives with Agent Phrase Based on Multilingual Parallel Data
Authors: Nesterenko Liubov
Published: October 2024

In this paper I discuss the advantages of using parallel data in linguistic research and demonstrate preliminary results of the study devoted to passives with agent phrase. For the study I used a parallel corpus of texts in nine European languages, the data set contained 983 fully aligned translation units. In my experiment I aimed to check whether the distribution of passives with agent phrase and related constructions used in translations depends on the semantic role of the participant that corresponds to the oblique argument of the passive.
Places of Joy and Worries
Authors: Daugavietis Jānis
Published: October 2024

Facebook (FB) has increasingly entered the daily lives of Latvians, and, as in other countries, the various virtual communities created within this social network site are directly connected to or even derived from communities existing in the physical world, such as place-based. This article focuses on two such virtual communities that have emerged as groups of residents of Rīga city neighbourhoods, focusing on the analysis of the images posted in these groups. There are several research questions which are centred on the neighbourhood places that are depicted in the FB posts. What do they say about the everyday mobility and borders of the neighbourhood? What places cause joy and worries? How do these visual representations differ in two FB groups? In exploring these questions, both qualitative and quantitative approaches and methods were used. An additional methodological question arose: which of these approaches is the optimal way for such a small-scale ad hoc study? At the end of this pilot study, it was concluded that the visual content (mainly photographs) generated by FB groups of urban residents is a valuable reference material that helps researchers understand specific neighbourhoods as if they were looking through the eyes of residents. Their vision has recorded not only the places of their neighbourhood. Comparing the content of the two FB groups, there are significant differences in this regard. By combining qualitative and quantitative image content analysis, more reliable results can be achieved, but at the same time, quantitative content analysis (both sampling and image coding) require relatively huge resources, especially if the aim is to automate workflow, which raises the question of how rational the use of this or that approach is.
Applying Computer Vision Systems to Historical Book Illustrations
Authors: Kim Yongho , Mandl Thomas , Im Chanjong , Schmideler Sebastian , Helm Wiebke
Published: October 2024

Digital humanities still need to unlock the potential of images anlysis algorithms to a large extent. Modern deep learning images processing can contribute much to quantify knowledge about visual components in books. In this study, we report on experiments carried out for historical print. The illustrations in books offer much for humanities research. Object recognition systems can identify the portfolio of objects in book illustrations. In a study with several hundreds of books, we applied systems to find illustrations and classify them. Results show that persons are shown in illustrations within fiction books with a higher frequency than in non-fiction books. We also show the classification results for an analysis of the printing technology. This expert task can still not be perfectly modeled by a CNN. A class activation map analysis can be used to analyze the performance qualitatively.
Towards the Corpus of Latvian Romani Texts
Authors: Perkova Natalia , Kozhanov Kirill
Published: October 2024

Latvian Romani is a Northeastern Romani dialect with a limited number of publicly available sources. Two large archival collections of texts in Latvian Romani, compiled primarily in the 1930s in Latvia and Estonia, have been recently digitized as images and made available online for a wider public. In our study, we focus on one of these collections, the Latvian Romani folklore texts collected by Jānis Leimanis in interwar Latvia. In this paper, we describe how initial manual transcriptions, most of which have been created with the help of a special crowdsourcing platform, were integrated in the handwritten text recognition (HTR) workflow in Transkribus. We present two HTR models trained on the basis of Leimanis’ collection and discuss various issues related to the work on these texts.
Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries
Authors: Rockenberger Annika
Published: October 2024

This poster describes the creation and publication of a curated, cumulative, open – living – bibliography of the organisation Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries (DHNB). It recounts how the bibliographic material - conference abstracts, posters, peer-reviewed papers, journal articles, but also news items about the conferences, blog posts, forum posts - has been collected in a Zotero library. It discusses ways of documenting and archiving the bibliography both as a set of research data in a Dataverse repository and as an open Zotero group library. The poster concludes with the prospect of opening up the bibliography to become a community driven project that will be expanded and maintained by the DHNB community and made explorable for research both as a live bibliography and as a data set for further analyses.
Data Mining Techniques used for Evaluation an Efficient DDoS Attack Detection System: A Deep-Learning Model
Authors: Shihab Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Developed recently to solve the shortcomings of traditional networks, software-defined networking is a new paradigm (SDN). Decoupling the control plane from the data plane, which is the SDN's core property, makes network management simpler and promotes effective programmability. The new design, on the other hand, is vulnerable to a number of attacks that could exhaust the system's resources and prohibit the SDN controller from offering services to authorized users. One of these threats, the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) assault is one that is gaining popularity. A DDoS assault has a severe negative effect on emphasize servers have no ability to access their network facilities as a result. accommodate legitimate users. We introduce DDoS Net, a DDoS attacks system for intrusion detection for SDN systems. Our approach is based on data mining software (Rapdiminer) and neural networks working along with auto encoders. As a result, we have a lot of faith in protecting these networks thanks to our methods. We assess the CICIDS 2019 dataset, which includes network behavior associated with DDoS threat and benign network activity, is publicly available, and satisfies certain requirements. It evaluates a variety of data mining algorithms' efficacy as well as internet usage characteristics to determine the best attributes for spotting the most typical assault kinds.
Estimation of GOT, GPT and ALP in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Azeez Fadheelah
Published: October 2024

Background: In comparison to the broader public, Patients with diabetes are more likely to have elevated liver enzymes.Alcoholic  hepatosteatosis that is not caused by alcohol is frequently seen in this syndrome.
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study in the Kirkuk governorate of Iraq, 25 patients who are type 1 diabetes and 26 healthy individuals served as the control group. Both groups completed questionnaires that asked about their age, weight, body mass index (BMI), and checked their  liver enzymes GOT, GPT, and ALT.
Results: The study discovered that 19 patients, or 76%, fell within the normal range (BMI 25), whereas 5 patients, or 20%, were overweight, and 1 patient, or 4%, was obese. The study also found no association between GPT and gender, but a strong substantial correlation between GOT and gender  While there is no association between diabetes patients' gender and GPT. Additionally, this study demonstrated a high significant (P? 0.001) rise in ALP value (72.05±7.74) IU/L versus (62.4±7.38) IU/L for the control group, but a significant (P ? 0.05)  rise in GOT (24.25±4.13) IU/L so GPT (31.8±6.1) IU/L values for patients compared with the control group(21.3±4.95 and 26.7±7.28 IU/L respectively).
Conclusion: The type 1 diabetic patients could be at danger for CVD due to possible obesity. GOT, GPT, and ALP values were elevated in the sick set than in healthy group. Male patients had higher GOT and GPT enzyme levels than female patients.
Comparative Analysis of the MDORA and AODV Routing Protocols for Vehicles Operating at Constant and Variable Speeds
Authors: Sami Mohammed
Published: October 2024

The primary focuses of investigation have been and continue to be strategies for traffic management at intersections and measures to enhance road safety. An essential remedy for this issue is a Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET). At VANET, a variety of protocols are used to route communications between vehicles. At this research, we utilize the Multipath Dynamic Optimized Routing Algorithm (MDORA), which is an acronym for position-based maximum distance on-demand routing. By choosing the vehicle closest to the destination vehicle, this protocol has the advantage of choosing the next best jumping path, which lowers the number of hops. In two scenarios—vehicle travel at a dynamic speed and constant speed—this paper compares the MDORA and AODV protocols. three standards: Factors including the time spent on communication, the pace at which packets are delivered, and the time it takes for information to travel from one end to another, were used to assess how well the two protocols performed. Finally, a comparison of the number of missed packets between the MDORA and AODV protocols was done for moving vehicles at constant and dynamic speeds, The MDORA protocol can identify the optimal route even when cars are moving at varying speeds, resulting in minimal packet loss.
Building AI-Supported Collaborative Awareness in Industrial Humanoids: Conceptual Framework and Methodological Approach
Authors: Rodić Aleksandar
Published: October 2024

With advancements in artificial intelligence, web-oriented applications, cloud technologies, computer-sensor networks, and wireless communications, there is significant potential for the rapid development of robotic systems designed for tasks in both mass and customized industrial production. Collaborative robots, a new type of intelligent robotic system, leverage AI and digital systems to work alongside humans, facilitating the execution of complex technological tasks with greater flexibility and adaptability to infrastructural changes and specific production requirements.This paper presents the conceptual framework and methodological approach for developing artificial consciousness in collaborative robotic systems intended for industrial production. Artificial consciousness enables robots to comprehend the physical and social context of the workplace more quickly and reliably in environments where there is technologically driven cooperation between biological systems (human workers) and technological systems (intelligent service robots). Enhanced perception and mutual understanding, improved predictability, intuitive communication between partners, and developed awareness (self-awareness, awareness of surroundings, and behavior control) are crucial features for collaborative systems in industry, whether it involves humanrobot or robot-robot cooperation. This paper will detail the structure of a collaborative robotic system based on the application of AI, cloud architecture, and web-oriented applications.
Advancements in Robotic Intelligence: The Role of Computer Vision, DRL, Transformers and LLMs
Authors: Banjanović-Mehmedović Lejla , Husaković Anel , Gurdić Ribić Azra , Prljača Naser , Karabegović Isak
Published: October 2024

In recent advancements in robotics, Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods such as Deep Learning, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), Transformers, and Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced robotic capabilities. Key AI models driving advancements in robotic vision include Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Vision Transformers (ViTs), the DEtection Transformers (DETR), the YOLO family of algorithms, segmentation techniques, and 3D vision technologies. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), an AI technique where agents learn optimal behaviors through trial and error interactions with their environment, enables robots to perform complex tasks autonomously. Transformers, originally developed for natural language processing, have been adapted to robotics for tasks involving sequence prediction and data understanding, improving perception and decision-making processes. LLMs leverage vast amounts of text data to enhance robot-human interaction, enabling robots to understand and generate human-like language, thus improving their communicative and collaborative abilities in various applications. The integration of these AI methods enhances the adaptability, efficiency, and overall performance of robotic systems, paving the way for more sophisticated and intelligent autonomous agents.
Implementation of Artificial Intelligence, Smart Sensors, Robots and Digital Transformation in Food and Agricultural Production
Authors: Bratovčić Amra
Published: October 2024

Today, we use artificial intelligence every day without even being aware of it to a large extent. This paper systematically presents the development of artificial intelligence and its latest use together with sensors and robots in food and agricultural production. The application of such modern methods of production enables the monitoring of raw materials from the moment of production to the moment of consumption by the end user. Precise mapping and monitoring of crops is possible by using GPS receiver, as well as optimizing management through soil sampling, smart irrigation and fertilizer application. On the one hand, we initiate increased yield of agricultural products, and on the other hand, extended life of food, their health safety and reduced waste generation, which directly affects the economy and the environment. The paper presents concrete examples of the production of meals according to the user's wishes, as well as the development of the first energy drink using artificial intelligence.
Integration of Artificial Intelligence-Based Systems in Diagnostic Pathways: TRUEAID Case Study
Authors: Spahić Lemana , Badnjević Almir , Kurjak Asim , Gurbeta Pokvić Lejla
Published: October 2024

Neurological impairment disorders in fetuses, such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder, can arise from numerous factors impacting the development of the fetal nervous system. Although diagnosing these disorders early is difficult, it is essential for prompt intervention. Recent progress in deep learning and ultrasound technology offers the potential to create a tool for early detection. Development of the TRUEAID system is based on combining the meticulously tuned Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test (KANET) with a sophisticated convolutional neural network for construction of an AI empowered ultrasound module capable of automated diagnostic decision support in the field of fetal neurodevelopmental risk assessment. The model's performance was evaluated using accuracy metrics, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and Mathesson Correlation Coefficient (MCC). The custom CNN architecture achieved an overall accuracy of 93.83%. This pilot study lays the foundation for AI-based fetal neurobehavioral assessment, providing a promising tool for the early detection of fetal neurological impairment disorders. The research holds implications for improving outcomes for affected children and making advanced diagnostic capabilities accessible in diverse healthcare settings.
Study on Biochemical Composition of Sea Buckthorn Fruit Cultivated from Leh, India and its Flavor Profile by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
Authors: Selvamuthukumaran
Published: October 2024

Sea buckthorn berries are among the most nutritious and vitamin rich fruit found in the plant kingdom. Biochemical composition of sea buckthorn berries cultivated from Leh, India was analyzed to study its suitability for making food products. Berry pulp was analyzed for sugars, acidity, TSS and pH.  The results show that the sea buckthorn pulp exhibited higher acidity, lesser pH, total sugars and reducing sugars, when compared to fruits like pineapple and grapes. Calcium and potassium content of berry was found to be high when compared to other mineral content viz. sodium, iron and phosphorus. Antioxidant contents and antioxidant activity of pulp was determined and compared with other fruit pulps. Sea buckthorn fruit pulp exhibited significant antioxidant activity i.e. 88.72%, when compared to locally available fruits like grapes and pineapple. Totally 45 volatile flavour components were identified from sea buckthorn berry, which contains mainly esters, that contributes to significant berry aroma.
Critical Peer Feedback for Oral Presentation at TEFL Tertiary Education: Comparison, Perception and Reflection
Authors: Xianwei Gao
Published: October 2024

Critical peer feedback is regarded as an effective means to facilitate quality of peer feedback in TEFL class. In this study, a comparative study was conducted between two experimental classes (Nc1=31, Nc2=31) to study Chinese undergraduate perception and efficiency of critical peer feedback in oral presentation. By a mixed study, the 5-scale Likert questionnaires and semi-structured interviews (N=8) were implemented at the setting. The study finds that students have strong confidence that critical peer feedback can improve their quality of oral presentation and the quality of peer feedback. And the quality of oral presentation and quality of peer feedback are facilitated in this comparative study. However, the students still perceive that they are inefficient of the skills of oral presentation like eye contact, PPT design and language organization, and critical peer feedback like critical questions and rubrics. In addition, this implies that the skill training of oral presentation and critical peer feedback is the prerequisite for the novice users in TEFL class which can be facilitated by training, and critical peer feedback focuses on the critical content of peer feedback by critical thinking.
Taxonomy and Distribution of Benthic Foraminiferans in the Selected Group Islands of Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Padmanaban P. , Surendar.C  , Rajendar.R  , Venkatraman C,
Published: October 2024

The present work deals with the taxonomy and distribution of benthic foraminifera from Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve (GoMBR), South east Coast of India during 2020 – 2023. Sediment samples were collected from Mandapam, Keezhakarai and Vembar group of Islands through standard methodology, A total of 36 species belonging to 20 genera, 16 families and 4 orders. A holistic approach regarding soil texture and physico-chemical properties of soil and water shed more light on the diversity and distribution of foraminifera in GoMBR.
Assessment of Migratory Bird Diversity in Key Wetlands and Forest Reserves of Lakhimpur District, Assam, India
Authors: Bora Siddhartha Suman , Saikia Lakhijyoti , Hatiboruah Jyotimoiee , Bora Partha Pratim
Published: October 2024

Lakhimpur district of Assam has a rich biodiversity and is home to many birds and has good breeding, resting and feeding grounds for migratory birds as well. However, there is little information available regarding the diversity of migratory birds in the district's various locales. A study was conducted in different locations to document the diversity of migratory birds visiting the district. To better understand the diversity of migrating birds in the district, six locations were selected- Kakoi RF, Ranga RF, Pabha RF, Satajan wetland, Bordoibam-Bilmukh Bird Sanctuary and Ghagor Ghat. Data were gathered through surveys, conducted for 218 days from January 2022 – May 2024. A total of 80 migratory bird species were recorded under 26 families of which Anatidae was most diverse. Out of the 80 species, 56 were winter visitor, 18 were local migrants and 6 were summer visitors. Among the migratory birds, Palla’s Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus) is listed as endangered species in IUCN Red List. Three species viz. Ferruginous duck (Aythya nyroca), Falcated duck (Mareca falcata) and Greater Adjutant (Leptoptilos dubius) are listed as near threatened species in IUCN Red List. Out of all the recorded species, insectivorous species are found to be highest (39%) as compared to species with other feeding habits. The Shannon diversity index was highest for Satajan wetland (H′ = 3.86) and lowest for Bordoibam-Bilmukh BS (H′ = 2.79). Jaccard similarity index showed highest similarity between Ranga RF and Kakoi RF (0.312) and the lowest value between Ranga RF and Bordoibam-Bilmukh BS (0.069). The Satajan wetland, Ranga RF, Kakoi RF, Pabha RF, Bordoibam-Bilmukh BS, and Ghagor Ghat are vital habitats that require conservation to continue supporting diverse resident and migratory birds, as well as other wildlife.
Assessment of Avifaunal Status, Diversity, and Conservation Implications in and around the Wetlands of Dharwad, Karnataka, India
Authors: Jamakhandi Harshavardhan S. , Kadadevaru Girish G.
Published: October 2024

The study shows an overall avifaunal diversity and status of selected wetlands in Dharwad district and conveys the presence/absence of bird species on habitat changes caused due to varying water levels (exposure/submergence of mudflats) and destruction of riparian vegetation such as the reed species. These wetlands have attracted bird species from local to migratory to forage, roost and breed in the area. The avifaunal diversity was found to fairly vary across the different wetlands. The data portrayed here are from the surveys during wintering months of 2017-18 and 2021-22. Line transects, point count and total count methods were used for surveying. Diversity indices (Beta, Shannon, Simpson, Evenness) and similarity matrices (Bray-Curtis cluster) were calculated using Past 4 package. The Pearson correlation, beta diversity and Bray-Curtis’s clustering were used to compare the wetlands for the similarity/dissimilarities in species composition. Overall, Shannon and Simpson diversity of the wetlands were H’=4.67 & D= 0.98 with total of 177 species, which portrays high degree of diversity. There were around 46 species of migrant birds and 133 resident species.  The work also reports a few rare and coastal birds. The study suggests the management plans for the conservation of avifauna in and around the wetlands to prevent human disturbances and also considering the importance of faunal habitats before adopting lake developmental plans.
Developing Capacity for Transdisciplinary Studies of Changing Ocean Systems
Authors:   Akvaplan-niva, Renaud Paul , Belgrano Andrea , Dupont Sam , Boyd Philip , Collins Sinead , Blenckner Thomas , Drexler Michael , Hall-Spenser Jason , Robinson Carol , Weber Charlotte , Vargas Cristian
Published: October 2024

Addressing global challenges such as climate change requires large-scale collective actions, but such actions are hindered by the complexity and scale of the problem and the uncertainty in the long-term benefit of short-term actions (Jagers et al., 2019). In addition to climate change, socio-ecological systems face the cumulative pressures associated with resource needs, technology development, industrial expansion, and area conflicts. In marine systems, this has been called “the blue acceleration” (Jouffray et al., 2020) and is referred to as “socio-ecological pressures” in this paper. These socio-ecological pressures reduce our ability to reach the UN Sustainable Development Goals and meet the challenges of the UN Ocean Decade, and require integrating knowledge within a shared conceptual framework. For example, achieving sustainable growth must integrate ecological, socioeconomic, and governance perspectives on a larger scale by considering ecological impacts, ecosystem carrying capacities, economic trade-offs, social acceptability, and policy realities. This requires capacity development whereby actors unite to bridge disciplinary boundaries to meet challenges of complex systems.
Significados del bachillerato en familias rurales de México
Authors: Auli Iván , Weiss† Eduardo
Published: October 2024

El artículo muestra los significados que atribuyen al bachillerato familias rurales de Oaxaca, México. Mediante el enfoque etnográfico aplicando entrevistas en profundidad y notas de campo se analiza el caso de San Juan Coyula. Los resultados muestran que son contadas las familias que tienen buenas expectativas sobre el bachillerato; estos piensan que estudiar ofrece mejores oportunidades laborales. En contraste, la mayoría de las familias se expresa en contra del bachillerato, debido a las condiciones socioeconómicas, elementos culturales, la poca rentabilidad que observan en la escolaridad, el bajo nivel de formación escolar y, en el caso de las mujeres para que no se vayan con el novio o resulten embarazadas. Se concluye que es importante construir estrategias contextualizadas de acompañamiento a las familias rurales para lograr un mayor acceso al bachillerato.
Microrrelatos del movimiento chiapaneco 1914-1921. Revolución mapachista
Authors: Miceli Ruiz Amín Andrés
Published: October 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los microrrelatos del movimiento mapachista en Chiapas (1914-1921) desde una perspectiva literaria, enfocándose en relatos narrados por mujeres involucradas en la revuelta. Se examinan aspectos clave como el contenido, la estructura y el estilo de los relatos, destacando la evolución de los personajes femeninos, quienes, tras ser raptadas y violentadas, emergen como figuras resilientes. El estudio es cualitativo y emplea una metodología basada en el análisis epistémico de narrativas orales y escritas, considerando las influencias de la memoria colectiva y la tradición oral en la construcción de los relatos. Los temas más relevantes encontrados incluyen la desigualdad social, la lucha por la tierra, la violencia de género, y la resistencia femenina. Además, se aborda la relación entre la literatura y la historia, explorando cómo la narrativa ficcional sirve para reflejar las experiencias de los sectores excluidos de la historiografía oficial. Los hallazgos clave señalan que estos microrrelatos, aunque breves, encapsulan una profunda crítica social y proporcionan una representación alternativa de la historia chiapaneca, más cercana a las vivencias cotidianas. En conclusión, el análisis revela que la narrativa literaria, al no estar limitada por la objetividad histórica, puede capturar la complejidad emocional y social de un período. Este artículo aporta al campo de la literatura al destacar cómo los microrrelatos, a través de la ficcionalidad, pueden transmitir verdades sociales y culturales profundas, enriqueciendo la comprensión de la narrativa breve en contextos históricos marginalizados.
El derecho a la identidad como derecho humano y su relación con la exclusión de la “Pensión para el Bienestar” en adultos mayores pobres
Authors: Rosas García María Daniela , Vázquez Juárez Claudia Liliana
Published: October 2024

Esta investigación analiza las repercusiones del incumplimiento del derecho a la identidad en las personas adultas mayores, particularmente aquellas en situación de pobreza que carecen de documentos oficiales. Estas personas, al no contar con acta de nacimiento u otros documentos de identidad, quedan excluidas de la “Pensión para el Bienestar de los Adultos Mayores”, un programa de apoyo no contributivo fundamental para su subsistencia. El estudio se enfocó en los casos de dos adultos mayores, de 84 y 94 años, quienes residen en una colonia popular de Guadalajara, Jalisco. A través de la exploración de sus historias de vida, se profundiza en cómo la falta de identidad legal ha derivado en su marginación de los programas gubernamentales, lo que ha incrementado su dependencia y vulnerabilidad. Esta carencia no solo constituye una violación a su derecho fundamental a la identidad, sino que también los priva de acceder a otros beneficios sociales destinados a mejorar su calidad de vida en su vejez. La pérdida de sus documentos de identidad, combinada con la complejidad de los trámites para su recuperación, agrava su situación al impedirles acceder no solo a la pensión, sino a otros programas sociales que podrían aliviar su condición de vulnerabilidad. El problema radica en la necesidad imperiosa de fortalecer y ajustar las políticas públicas para facilitar la restitución de la identidad legal en los adultos mayores, asegurando que puedan ejercer plenamente sus derechos y acceder a los apoyos sociales a los que tienen derecho.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Probyng Prompting Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor Di SMA Negeri 4 Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Nurhidayah Nurhidayah , Buhungo Trisnawaty Junus , Setiawan Dewa Gede Eka
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI MIPA 3. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindak kelas (PTK) dengan bentuk penelitian tindakan yang di terapkan langsung dalam aktivitas pembelajaran di kelas dengan menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Probyng Prompting. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA 3 SMA Negeri 4 Kota Gorontalo yang berjumlah 30 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata adalah dengan presentase 80%, pada siklus I siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 20 orang siswa dan kategori tidak tuntas sebanyak 10 orang siswa. Data hasil belajar pada siklus II yang meningkat menjadi 90%  dengan ketuntasan belajar siswa meningkat menjadi 27 orang siswa sedangkan yang tidak tuntas adalah 3 orang siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diatas disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas XI MIPA 3 SMA Negeri 4 Kota Gorontalo melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Probyng Prompting.
An Analysis Of Students Difficulties In Reading Comprehension At MTs Hidayatul Ulum Karang Anyar
Authors: A'yun Kurrotul , Nizarrahmadi Nizarrahmadi , Yolanda Alvina
Published: October 2024

Reading is taught to the eight grades students of junior high school. The aim of the research was to find out what is the most difficult aspect in reading comprehension faced by the eight grade students at MTs Hidayatul Ulum Karang Anyar. The design of this research is a descriptive research design. The population of the research was the ninth grade of MTs Hidayatul Ulum Karang Anyar from 1 classe, with the population were 13 students and the sample was from each class. So, the sample of the research was 13 students. The sample was selected by using simple random sampling technique. To get the data, the researcher gave questionnaire, interview and then analyzed the data by using descriptive statistic calculated by Ms. Excel program. After analyzing the data, the result showed that the most difficult aspect in reading comprehension was the fisth indicator. It is 'Students get difficulties in determine main idea' with percentage 78%.
Statewide Screening of Signalized Intersections for Capacity Improvements
Authors: Gayen Saumabha , Saldivar-Carranza Enrique D. , Sakhare Rahul Suryakant , Desai Jairaj , Mathew Jijo K. , Shellhamer Nathan , Ruble Taylor , McCoy Dan , Gallagher Jack , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: October 2024

Identification of congested traffic signals that require capital investment to increase capacity has historically been a time-consuming process. Signalized intersections with congestion were analyzed to see if they could be improved through retiming, and capital investment was only considered if retiming is deemed infeasible. Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures (ATSPMs), and more recently, signal performance measures (SPMs) derived from connected vehicle (CV) trajectory data, have already been used to streamline the process of identifying signalized intersections that can be improved through retiming. However, to date, similar efforts have not been used to identify intersections that may benefit from capital investment. This study developed a CV-based methodology to assess whether signal retiming could potentially be feasible for a given signalized intersection using the split failure percentage (SF) SPM. For intersections where retiming is not feasible, a ranking metric of critical path split failing trajectory counts (SfnCP) was developed for prioritization by capacity improvement necessity. This metric was implemented statewide to over 2,300 INDOT-managed signalized intersections over a 17-month timespan to demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency, and scalability of the proposed approach. Additionally, the utility of CV data for similar ranking of unsignalized intersections and road segments was also discussed. To aid INDOT engineers with rapid identification and prioritization of intersections that can be considered for capital investments, performance reports containing various attributes were proposed and generated.
Dampak Positif Sistem Informasi Manajemen Pendidikan
Authors: Astuti Nadya , Mawardi Agus Dian , Ramadhani M. Ihsan , Fitriani Nurul Huda
Published: October 2024

Sistem informasi manajemen pendidikan merupakan perpaduan antara sumber daya manusia dan aplikasi teknologi informasi untuk memilih, menyimpan, mengolah, dan mengambil kembali data dalam rangka mendukung proses pengambilan keputusan bidang Pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak positif sistem informasi manajemen pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan  metode  penelitian kepustakaan.  Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa dampak positif sistem informasi manajemen Pendidikan diantaranya pemantauan kinerja guru dan siswa dengan lebih efisien, pengelolaan administrasi sekolah menjadi lebih mudah, dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan orang tua dalam pendidikan anak-anak mereka, memantau ketersediaan sumber daya secara efisien, analisis data untuk pengambilan keputusan, dan dapat menyelenggarakan pembelajaran online.
Gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit in der Gesundheitspolitik und Gesundheitssystemgestaltung
Authors: GERLINGER THOMAS
Published: October 2024

Die Reduzierung gesundheitlicher Chancenungleichheit hat als Thema der Gesundheitspolitik in den letzten Jahren eine Aufwertung erfahren. Dies zeigt sich in erster Linie auf dem Gebiet der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. Allerdings existiert ein Widerspruch von Präventionsrhetorik und Präventionsrealität: Viele beabsichtigte Verbesserungen schlagen sich bisher nicht oder nur unzureichend in der Praxis nieder. Strukturelle Defizite und Benachteiligungen bestehen fort. In der Krankenversorgung zeichnet sich Deutschland im Allgemeinen durch einen guten Zugang zu Versorgungseinrichtungen aus. Allerdings bestehen auch beträchtliche Mängel in der Versorgung, mit denen auch Ungleichheiten beim Zugang und damit Einschränkungen der gesundheitlichen Chancengleichheit einhergehen. Gründe für die Defizite liegen vor allem in starken, vor allem ökonomischen Partikularinteressen, in der Beharrungskraft gewachsener Institutionen sowie in der Komplexität von Veränderungsbedarfen.
Sozioökonomischer Status und Gesundheit
Authors: HOEBEL JENS , MÜTERS STEPHAN
Published: October 2024

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Datenlage und ausgewählte Befunde zum Zusammenhang von sozioökonomischem Status und Gesundheit in Deutschland. Die Datenlage hat sich über die letzten Jahrzehnte deutlich verbessert. Es zeigt sich ein ausgeprägter sozialer Gradient mit schlechteren Gesundheitschancen und höheren Krankheitsrisiken für Menschen mit einem niedrigeren sozioökonomischen Status. Diese gesundheitliche Ungleichheit lässt sich bereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter nachweisen und spiegelt sich letztlich in einer früheren Sterblichkeit in sozioökonomisch benachteiligten Gruppen wider. Fortschritte in der Datenlage sind darin sichtbar, dass die gesundheitliche Ungleichheit mittlerweile für verschiedene Lebensphasen bundesweit beschrieben, zeitliche Trends über längere Zeiträume untersucht und internationale Vergleiche angestellt werden können. Zunehmend werden auch Sekundärdaten erschlossen, um Datenlücken zur gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit zu überbrücken, z. B. durch Datenverknüpfungen auf sozialräumlicher Ebene. Potenziale zur weiteren Verbesserung der Datenlage sehen die Autoren insbesondere im Hinblick auf ursachenspezifische Sterbedaten und Möglichkeiten ihrer Verknüpfung mit Sozialdaten auf Individualebene.
Die sozialkompensatorische Funktion des kommunalen Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes bei Kindern
Authors: WEYERS SIMONE
Published: October 2024

Gesundheitsschutz, Gesundheitsförderung / ​Prävention und Gesundheitsmanagement sind Aufgabenbereiche des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (ÖGD) in Bund, Ländern und Kommunen. Angesichts gesundheitlicher Ungleichheiten in der Bevölkerung arbeitet der ÖGD sozialkompensatorisch. Ziel des Beitrages ist einzuschätzen, inwiefern diese Funktion des ÖGD in jüngerer Zeit erfüllt worden ist. Dies erfolgt exemplarisch am Beispiel der kommunalen Gesundheitsämter und mit dem Schwerpunkt Kindergesundheit. Die Autorin geht dabei zunächst auf Frühe Hilfen, Schuleingangsuntersuchungen, Kindergartenuntersuchungen, Gruppenprophylaxe und kommunale Gesundheitsförderung ein. Dies wird ergänzt durch Aspekte, die von Personen in Leitungsfunktion eines kommunalen Gesundheitsamtes eingebracht wurden: Fachkräftemangel, Zugänge und Evidenzbasierung. Insgesamt stand die sozialkompensatorische Arbeit des ÖGD vor großen Herausforderungen, es gab aber auch immer Wege, vulnerable Personengruppen zu erreichen. Die Autorin plädiert dafür, diese Wege weiterzuentwickeln und auszubauen. Evidenzbasierung, besonders an der Schnittstelle von Wissenschaft und Praxis, sei hierbei vordringlich.
Betriebliche Gesundheit von Sozialarbeiter*innen in der Wohnungslosenhilfe
Authors: HÜTHER MAREIKE , HOLLEDERER ALFONS
Published: October 2024

Der Arbeitskontext der ­Wohnungslosenhilfe geht für Sozialarbeiter*innen mit besonderen beruflichen Gesundheitsrisiken bis hin zu Burnout einher. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Studie dar, für die sechs Sozialarbeiter*innen zweier Wohnungslosenhilfeträger aus Kassel zu Arbeitsanforderungen und Ressourcen interviewt wurden. Sie berichten in den Leitfadeninterviews von komplexen Anforderungen, hohen Fallzahlen und Personalmangel. Zudem kommt es zu großen bürokratischen und strukturellen Hürden. Die Arbeitsinhalte sind für die Sozialarbeiter*innen emotional belastend. Um sich vor Belastungen zu schützen, haben sie vielfältige Bewältigungsstrategien entwickelt. Besonders wichtig ist die Abgrenzungsfähigkeit während und nach der Arbeit. Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung und Supervision werden als hilfreich wahrgenommen. Die soziale Unterstützung in der Arbeit ist den Befragten wichtig. Jüngere Sozialarbeiter*innen sind häufiger mit Rollenkonflikten und Frauen mit Konfliktsituationen konfrontiert. Die Covid-19-Pandemie erhöhte die Arbeitsbelastungen. Es gilt, Ressourcen zu stärken und Gesundheitsbelastungen zu reduzieren, damit sowohl das Hilfesystem als auch die Sozialarbeiter*innen handlungsfähig bleiben.
Verwaltungsevolution – Chancen und Herausforderungen. Eine kritische Betrachtung
Authors: Effing Marion , Effing Klaus
Published: October 2024

Von Webers Bürokratiemodell über das New Public Management bis hin zur Public Governance und aktuellen Konzepten wie z.B. die Netzwerk kommune – die Kommunalverwaltungen sind einem stetigen Wandel ausgesetzt. Nebst Faktoren, die seit Jahrzehnten oder gar Jahrhunderten konstant geblieben sind, sind andere kontinuierlich in einem Veränderungsprozess. Doch wie beeinflussen sich diese Faktoren, wann kann von Entwicklung, wann von Modernisierung und wann gar von einer Evolution gesprochen werden? Dieser Frage nähert sich dieser Beitrag an und hinterfragt kritisch, welche „Gene“ im Verwaltungsmanagement auf dem Zeitstrahl „gewinnen“, welche verschwinden (mussten) und an welchen Stellen sich Einflusskriterien auch aufgrund von Konsistenzen nicht durchsetzen und Spannungsfelder darstellen können.
Artificial intelligence and new technology in creative industries
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Jeary Lois , Gajjar Devyani
Published: October 2024

New technologies are rapidly shaping how people create and consume arts and culture. But what is the impact on rightsholders and human creativity?