bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giro a la izquierda: La alianza de estudiantes y trabajadores en la lucha obrera en China
Authors: Ngai Pun
Published: July 2022

The Shenzhen Jasic struggle of 2018-2019 signals a turning point in migrant labor struggles in China since the mid-1990s, and it explicitly demonstrates a shift toward left politics, departing from a civil society framework which barely analyzes ideology and class politics, thus showing little potential to overcome class inequality. The Jasic struggle's key characteristic of student-worker unity compels us to revisit Marxism and Maoism in understanding today’s emancipatory politics and labor movements. This revisiting of Marxist Maoism is attempted on three layers: a return to class politics; a return to communism; and a return to Mao’s mass line. These three “returns” are not retrospective politics romanticizing the past. Instead, they draw upon historical experiences, cultural resources and communist legacies to fight for a more egalitarian society in the future.

El conflicto en la empresa Jasic, en Shenzhen, durante 2018-2019, marca un punto de inflexión en las luchas de los trabajadores migrantes en China sucedidas desde mediados de los años noventa del siglo pasado, y evidencia de forma explícita un desplazamiento hacia la izquierda política, así como un apartamiento de una sociedad civil donde apenas se analiza la ideología y la política de clase, una sociedad pues con un potencial insuficiente para superar la desigualdad de clase. La lucha en Jasic, con ese rasgo clave de la unión entre estudiantes y trabajadores, nos insta a revisitar el marxismo y el maoísmo, en aras de entender las políticas emancipadoras y los movimientos obreros en la actualidad. Esta vuelta al maoísmo marxista se acomete en tres niveles: un retorno a la política de clase; un retorno al comunismo; y un retorno a la Línea de Masas. Estos tres «retornos» no representan una retrospectiva romántica de las políticas del pasado. En lugar de eso, toman de las experiencias históricas, de los recursos culturales y de los legados comunistas para luchar en favor de una sociedad más igualitaria en el futuro.
“China ha jugado con tal habilidad su inserción en la globalización que la ha utilizado para fortalecerse”. Entrevista con Rafael Poch de Feliu
Authors: García Alejandro , Pedreño Andrés , Pagán Sánchez Antonio José
Published: July 2022

Entrevistamos a Rafael Poch-de-Feliu a finales de noviembre de 2021 con motivo del monográfico de la revista Sociología Histórica (SH) dedicado a las transformaciones sociales de China. Su obra La Actualidad de China. Un mundo en crisis, una sociedad en gestación (Crítica, 2009) es un libro admirable y de obligada lectura pues no ha perdido ni un ápice de actualidad, más bien todo lo contrario. La primera línea con la que arranca lo dice todo: “Antes de hablar de China, hay que aprender a mirarla”. La mirada de Poch sobre China se alimenta de la erudición de alguien que tiene el bagaje de un profundo recorrido intelectual desde sus estudios de Historia Contemporánea en la Universidad de Barcelona de los años 70. Una mirada también forjada en el terreno, con muchas horas de conversación con los protagonistas de la historia, pues Rafael Poch ha sido corresponsal internacional durante 35 años, la mayor parte de ellos en URSS/Rusia (1988-2002) y China (2002-2008) para La Vanguardia. Entre sus numerosas publicaciones, además de la importante obra ya cita dedicada a China, cabe destacar los tres ensayos siguientes: Tres preguntas sobre Rusia: estado de mercado, Eurasia y fin del mundo bipolar (Icaria, 2000), La gran transición. Rusia, 1985-2002 (Crítica, 2003, con prólogo de Roi Medvedev) y La Quinta Alemania. Una mirada sobre el fracaso europeo (Icaria, 2018, escrito junto con los periodistas Àngel Ferrero y Carmela Negrete).
Presentación: El malestar de la sociedad, descrédito de la política y crisis de la democracia liberal. Algunas reflexiones de las revueltas latinoamericanas del tiempo presente
Authors: Landaeta Sepúlveda Romané , Radic Vega Juan Ignacio
Published: July 2022

Una de las consecuencias que dejó la década perdida en América Latina fue la consolidación del libre mercado como sistema único de desarrollo. Específicamente, esto implicó la subordinación a la ortodoxia neoliberal de los procesos de democratización que se habían venido consolidando en todo el continente, sentando las bases de la institucionalidad política, la democracia, las relaciones económicas y sociales, así como su inserción en el sistema internacional. Se definió, de este modo –y no sin matices ni tensiones— la forma y el fondo en que el continente cursó su trayectoria durante los últimos treinta años. Ahora bien, este contexto histórico que sitúa a América Latina en la era de la globalización neoliberal, trajo a su vez un profundo malestar de sus sociedades con el orden vigente, cuestionando los modos en que se pensó y articuló la democracia. La hegemonía del discurso tecnocrático, menospreció otras maneras de entender la vida en sociedad que se habían venido articulando en la subalternidad de los pueblos de la región; desechó determinadas formas de concebir la democracia, limitando la participación política a un electoralismo crecientemente superfluo, e invisibilizó otros modelos de desarrollo, más preocupados del medioambiente y la sustentabilidad, cuestiones fuertemente reivindicadas por pueblos originarios y comunidades locales. Así, la persistencia de la exclusión socioeconómica, la enorme brecha entre ricos y pobres, la inseguridad, sustentabilidad o la defensa de la enorme diversidad que caracteriza culturalmente a América Latina, son algunos de los temas que emergen con fuerza en el tiempo presente. En síntesis, asistimos a una nueva ola de conflictividad social en la región, identificando un crisol de problemas y temáticas han ido pronunciando de manera sostenida la desafección de la ciudadanía con el régimen político, cristalizado en ciclos de protestas y movilización abiertamente rupturistas con el orden vigente.
Democracia en América Latina: reflexiones sobre/desde los tiempos progresistas (Venezuela, Ecuador y Bolivia)
Authors: González Meyer Raúl
Published: July 2022

The following text identifies some Latin American discussions channeled and opened by the experiences of the so-called progressive or center-left governments that as a whole have covered the first two decades of the new century. This is done by locating those experiences in a longer temporality which allows a better understanding of their meaning as eventual generators of an enriched or emerging debate on democracy in the continent. The central question is, then, to figure out what approaches, ideologies, processes, tensions, consequences and problems, which took place there, can be processed for the debate on the Latin American “democratic question”. How to read -and how it has been read- democracy and what phenomena become relevant for this discussion. The word seeks to identify, from the point of view of the democratic question, the novelty of this historical time emerging with the new century, showing as part of the same history tensions and responses, the complex relationships between advances and emergent tensions. We will have as main the processes that took place in Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia, which were the ones that expressed the greatest interest, from a continental perspective, in terms of the proposals and processes that generated. There, expressly or implicitly, we discover within proposals for social changes, an intense debate, full of significant originalities, on the meaning of democracy, with some blind spots which need clarification.

Este artículo identifica algunas discusiones latinoamericanas canalizadas y abiertas por las experiencias ocurridas en los llamados gobiernos progresistas o de centro-izquierda que, como conjunto, han cubierto las primeras dos décadas del nuevo siglo. Ello se realiza ubicando dichas experiencias en una temporalidad mayor que permita situar mejor su significado como eventuales generadoras de un debate enriquecido o emergente sobre la democracia en el continente. La interrogación central es, entonces, sobre qué planteamientos, idearios, procesos, tensiones, consecuencias, problemas, allí ocurridos, pueden ser procesados para el debate de la “cuestión democrática” latinoamericana. Cómo leer -y cómo fue leído- lo democrático y qué fenómenos allí ocurridos se hacen relevantes para esa discusión. El trabajo explora, desde la pregunta por la democracia, lo eventualmente novedoso de este tiempo histórico y la compleja relación entre avances y tensiones emergentes. Tendremos como referencia principal los procesos ocurridos en Venezuela, Ecuador y Bolivia, que fueron los que expresaron un mayor interés, desde una mirada continental, en cuanto a las propuestas y procesos que generaron. Descubrimos, allí, de manera expresa o implícita, dentro de una propuesta de cambios sociales, un debate o significado intenso acerca de la democracia con originalidades significativas y con algunos puntos ciegos, necesarios de iluminar.
Sociólogos de Weimar: una práctica de emergencia
Authors: Pedreño Cánovas Andrés
Published: July 2022

The aim of this article is to look at the ups and downs of sociology during the years of the Weimar Republic. In the field of the German intelligentsia, sociology occupied a "pariah" position. This social position is illustrated by an approach, on the one hand, to the dialectical stream represented by the Institute for Social Research at the University of Frankfurt and, on the other hand, to the stream of scientific and rationalist sociology of Karl Mannheim and Norbert Elias. Both of them reflect the specific way in which sociology emerged in the public space during the Weimar Republic. Special attention is paid to their theoretical and research positions and their conceptions of the emergence of a tragic becoming in the German historical period.

Este artículo tiene como objeto realizar una aproximación a las vicisitudes de la sociología durante los años de la República Weimar. Dentro del campo de la intelectualidad alemana, la sociología ocupó una posición “paria”. Se ilustra esta posición social mediante una aproximación, por un lado, a la corriente dialéctica representada por el Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la Universidad de Frankfurt y, por otro, a la corriente de la sociología científica y racionalista de Karl Mannheim y Norbert Elias. Ambas corrientes reflejan la específica forma en la que la sociología emergió en el espacio público durante la República de Weimar. Se atiende especialmente a sus posicionamientos teóricos e investigadores y a sus concepciones sobre la emergencia de un devenir trágico en aquel periodo histórico alemán.
Continuidades y rupturas en los estallidos sociales de 2018 y 2019 en América Latina
Authors: Morales Aguilera Francisco Javier
Published: July 2022

In recent times, Latin America has been shaken by various social outbreaks and intra-institutional conflicts of various origins and very complex in terms of their possibilities of resolution. This article proposes that in the recognition and analysis of two key elements configured during the outbreaks of 2018 and 2019, some lines of continuity and historical rupture of Latin American events can be recognized. The first of them has to do with the composition, demands and trajectories of some of the movements that starred in this disruptive appearance on the public scene. The second element refers to the repressive responses that were deployed from the State in order to control a social protest that at times seemed to exceed the capacity of the States to contain it. The characterization of these two elements is framed within a context of exhaustion of the modernization projects of neoliberalism and the progressive left that have not been able to consistently solve an increasingly broad and complex number of social demands.

En el último tiempo, América Latina se ha visto sacudida por diversos estallidos sociales y conflictos intra-institucionales de diverso origen y muy complejos en cuanto a sus posibilidades de resolución. Este artículo plantea que en el reconocimiento y análisis de dos elementos claves configurados durante los estallidos de 2018 y 2019, se pueden reconocer algunas líneas de continuidad y ruptura histórica del acontecer latinoamericano. El primero de ellos tiene que ver con la composición, demandas y trayectorias de algunos de los movimientos que protagonizaron esta disruptiva aparición en la escena pública. El segundo elemento, se refiere a las respuestas represivas que se desplegaron desde el Estado a objeto de controlar una protesta social que por momentos parecía desbordar la capacidad de contención de los Estados. La caracterización de estos dos elementos está enmarcada dentro de un contexto de agotamiento de los proyectos de modernización del neoliberalismo y de la izquierda progresista que no han podido solucionar consistentemente un número cada vez más amplio y complejo de demandas sociales.
Improving the Science of Annotation for Natural Language Processing: The Use of the Single-Case Study for Piloting Annotation Projects
Authors: Anglin Kylie , Boguslav Arielle , Hall Todd
Published: July 2022

Researchers need guidance on how to obtain maximum efficiency and accuracy when annotating training data for text classification applications. Further, given wide variability in the kinds of annotations researchers need to obtain, they would benefit from the ability to conduct low-cost experiments during the design phase of annotation projects. To this end, our study proposes the single-case study design as a feasible and causally-valid experimental design for determining the best procedures for a given annotation task. The key strength of the design is its ability to generate causal evidence at the individual level, identifying the impact of competing annotation techniques and interfaces for the specific annotator(s) included in an annotation project. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of the single-case study in an applied experiment and argue that future researchers should incorporate the design into the pilot stage of annotation projects so that, over time, a causally-valid body of knowledge regarding the best annotation techniques is built.
Fra Codice Severo e Bellezza di Ascolto. Renzo Cresti incontra Davide Anzaghi Editore Fiorenzo Bernasconi 2022
Authors: Caruso Giusy
Published: July 2022

Fra Codice Severo e Bellezza di Ascolto. Renzo Cresti incontra Davide Anzaghi.
Entre naturezas e culturas: elementos míticos e aspectos da espiritualidade guarani mbyá
Authors: Galante Luciana
Published: July 2022

Resumo
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo abordar a relação que o povo guarani mbyá da Aldeia Tekoá Pyau estabelece com os elementos da natureza, a associação com sua cosmologia e sua espiritualidade. Através dos mitos, os guarani atribuem sentido ao mundo e o ordenam, conceituando e estabelecendo o nhandereko, o seu modo de ser. As fronteiras entre natureza e cultura explicitamente dicotômicas na sociedade ocidental, assume para as populações indígenas uma outra característica em que humanos e não humanos possuem o mesmo status social.
Necropolítica e violências contra os povos indígenas no Brasil
Authors: Bonin Iara Tatiana , Liebgott Roberto Antonio
Published: July 2022

O texto tem como objetivo analisar violências praticadas contra os povos indígenas no Brasil contemporâneo a partir de duas chaves analíticas: a necropolítica, conceito cunhado pelo historiador sul-africano Achille Mbembe, e o racismo estrutural, a partir das teorizações do filósofo e advogado brasileiro Silvio Luiz de Almeida. A metodologia compreende a análise de dados dos relatórios da violência contra os povos indígenas, levantamento realizado, sistematizado e divulgado anualmente pelo Conselho Indigenista Missionário. As análises focalizam as formas como a violência sustenta-se no racismo institucional e, por meio demedidas administrativas, legislativas e jurídicas, restringem os direitos constitucionais dos povos indígenas. As violências analisadas reforçam o necropoder, e este não diz respeito unicamente ao poder estatal, mas a articulações de interesses, de mecanismos e de mentalidades que convergem para um eixo comum, em torno do qual gravita o sentido de exceção, deemergência e também a invenção contínua de inimigos a combater. Por fim, são abordadas algumas formas de resistência constituídas pelas comunidades e povos indígenas nesse contexto de violências sistemáticas e programadas para subjugar a vida ao poder da morte.
The genesis of the Russian intelligentsia
Authors: Zabneva Elvira Ivanovna
Published: July 2022

The article presents an analysis of the two-century development of the Russian intelligentsia, traces the transformation of views and ideas due to historical and socio-cultural foundations. The Russian intelligentsia is regarded as a very special phenomenon in the world, whose historical significance and basic idea are determined by the relationship with the state. It is proved that the main driving force of the development of the Russian intelligentsia changed depending on the political and ideological regime. Much attention is paid in the article to the understanding of the phenomenon of the Russian intelligentsia in the present reality, traditional and acquired features in this historical period are considered. Its role in the formation of value orientations of modern society is analyzed.   The author suggests that in the post-reform Russia of the XXI century there is no conceptual unity in the awareness of the "Russian intelligentsia". The intelligentsia itself to a greater extent today does not see itself as a recognized and clearly defined social group, its self-consciousness is fragmented and contradictory. The conclusion is made that the ideological form of the Russian intelligentsia was and remains its alienation from the state and hostility to it, brought up on abstract enlightenment schemes supplemented by cosmopolitanism and globalization, the modern intellectual continues to suffer from the lack of a healthy national identity. Today, when time dictates the need to move to a fundamentally new type of civilizational development, where the key question of the values that set the guidelines for this transition arises again, it is the intelligentsia, as a generator of the thought field, as two centuries ago, can play a major role.
Architectural and planning organization of peasant (farmer) farms in the conditions of socio-economic transformations in Russia: current trends and prospects for the development of farms
Authors: Bubenchikov Eduard Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2022

The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as: the development of farms, the organization of the production environment, the formation of the architectural and planning structure, the influence of socio-economic legal conditions of the region and the peculiarities of the country on the planning structure of the farm, emerging trends in rural architecture. These aspects are now most relevant due to the complexity of rural production, the social stratification of the rural population, the establishment of market relations, new socio-economic requirements for architectural objects and new aesthetic requirements for the design of buildings and structures. The novelty of the research lies in the use of an environmental approach to solving urban planning and architectural problems of organizing a farmer's habitat. The main conclusions of the study are the formation of types of planning structures of the farm. Based on the conducted research, a scheme of planning structures of farms has been formed, the dependencies between the production and residential area of the farmer have been determined. The architectural and planning organization of peasant (farmer) farms in the structure of the district, region and industrial zones is determined. The sustainable direction of the rural environment has been determined at the present time. Also an important conclusion of the work is to determine the influence of the world order on the planning organization of farms.
Development of a model and methods for calculating the humidity regime in enclosing structures
Authors: Kuz'menko Yuliya Evgen'evna
Published: July 2022

The article presents a historical overview of the development of the moisture transfer model, calculation methods, as well as the emergence of rationing for the protection of enclosing structures from waterlogging. In particular, the historical periodization of the development of features and approaches to the formation of methodological concepts in relation to the development of stationary and non-stationary methods for calculating the processes of steam condensation, diffusion and moisture transfer is considered. The article contains information from legal sources on the regulation of technological conditions for the use of methods for calculating the movement of moisture in enclosing structures. The author examines the existing models of visualization of calculated data by means of software. Further prospects for studying the presented calculation methods in the design of the structure and in construction are formed. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the formation of a conceptual innovative approach to the periodization of the development of methodological foundations for the study of stationary and non-stationary methods of calculating moisture transfer systems in Russia over the past century and up to the present time. The review of archival scientific and regulatory documentation made it possible to determine the vector of the emergence and development of the issue of moisture transfer models and methods for calculating the humidity conditions of enclosing structures. The results of the review indicate the great contribution of Russian scientists to the creation of theoretical foundations and the development of methods for calculating the humidity regime of fences. The occurrence of rationing of the humidity regime of external fences has been identified and analyzed. The chronology of the appearance of the model, methods of moisture transfer and rationing of protection against waterlogging of structures are analyzed. The parameters of the basic concepts of the periodization of the formation of the methodology for calculating moisture transfer in Russia since the early 20s of the last century have been investigated. Innovative visualization tools for stationary and non-stationary methods of calculating moisture transfer by means of software are presented.
Sex Sounds
Authors: Sofer Danielle Shlomit
Published: July 2022

An investigation of sexual themes in electronic music since the 1950s, with detailed case studies of “electrosexual music” by a wide range of creators.

In Sex Sounds, Danielle Shlomit Sofer investigates the repeated focus on sexual themes in electronic music since the 1950s. Debunking electronic music's origin myth—that it emerged in France and Germany, invented by Pierre Schaeffer and Karlheinz Stockhausen, respectively—Sofer defines electronic music more inclusively to mean any music with an electronic component, drawing connections between academic institutions, radio studios, experimental music practice, hip-hop production, and histories of independent and commercial popular music. Through a broad array of detailed case studies—examining music that ranges from Schaeffer's musique concrète to a video workshop by Annie Sprinkle—Sofer offers a groundbreaking look at the social and cultural impact sex has had on audible creative practices.

Sofer argues that “electrosexual music” has two central characteristics: the feminized voice and the “climax mechanism.” Sofer traces the historical fascination with electrified sex sounds, showing that works representing women's presumed sexual experience operate according to masculinist heterosexual tropes, and presenting examples that typify the electroacoustic sexual canon. Noting electronic music history's exclusion of works created by women, people of color, women of color, and, in particular Black artists, Sofer then analyzes musical examples that depart from and disrupt the electroacoustic norms, showing how even those that resist the norms sometimes reinforce them. These examples are drawn from categories of music that developed in parallel with conventional electroacoustic music, separated—segregated—from it. Sofer demonstrates that electrosexual music is far more representative than the typically presented electroacoustic canon.
Association of Serum Iron Indices with Insulin Resistance Index in Euglycaemic Offspring’s of Diabetic and Non Diabetic Parents: A Case-control Study
Authors: Shobha MV , Jagadamba A , Prabhakar K , Shashidhar KN
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Altered iron metabolism may be a risk factor for various diseases. There are studies showing that altered iron metabolism is frequently found in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, but there is lacunae of literature in offspring’s of diabetic parents. Aim: To compare serum iron indices in euglycaemic offsprings of diabetic and non diabetic parents and also to correlate serum iron indices with HOMA-IR. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in RL Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre, Kolar, Karnataka, India, from February 2019 to January 2020. Total 80 euglycaemic healthy individuals were recruited. Out of 80 subjects 40 were cases and 40 were controls. Offspring of non diabetic parents as control group and offspring of diabetic parents as a case group were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements like weight, height was measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Laboratory parameters like complete haemogram, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), serum iron markers like serum iron, serum ferritin, serum Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), serum insulin and high sensitive C-reactive protein were analysed and compared between cases and controls. Homeostasis Model Assessment-estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Results: Mean age of cases was 34.65±3.06 years and controls was 35.75±3.43 years respectively. Out of total 24 were females and 56 were males. Serum iron markers like serum iron and serum ferritin was significantly increased and serum TIBC was significantly decreased among euglycaemic offspring’s of diabetic parents compared to offspring’s of non diabetic parents. Serum ferritin (r-value=0.389,p-value=0.007) and serum iron (r-value=0.483,p-value=0.001), showed positive correlation with HOMA-IR among euglycaemic offspring’s of diabetic parents. On multiple regression analysis, in model 1 (HOMAIR as dependent variable and serum ferritin, serum iron and serum TIBC as independent variable) serum iron emerged as a significant predictor of insulin resistance, whereas after adding confounding variables like BMI, high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), lipid profile with serum iron markers in model 2, serum iron emerged as independent predictor of insulin resistance though regression equations was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Offsprings of diabetic parents showed iron overload and insulin resistance which predisposes them to develop T2DM and serum iron can be used as one of the marker of insulin resistance among offspring of diabetic parents along with other parameters.
In vitro and In vivo Antioxidant Capacity of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Grown in Copper Polluted Soil
Authors: Onyeneke E. C. , Udele O. J. , Ehi-Imuse E. , Iyorzor M. U.
Published: July 2022

Vigna unguiculata is a drought tolerant legume which serves as a staple in sub-Sahara West Africa region especially in Nigeria. Studies have shown that cowpea possesses adaptive features which enables it to strive in dry regions. The present study investigates the antioxiodant capacity of the leaf and stem of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grown in copper polluted soil. Exactly 2kg of soil was treated with copper sulphate stock solution (1g/L) and kocide (a copper based pesticide) to obtain eight groups: 10mg/mL, 50mg/mL, 100mg/mL and 200mg/mL of copper sulphate, and 5.20g/L of kocide (lower dose of kocide), 6.67g/L of kocide (positive control) and 10.70g/L of kocide (higher dose of kocide), and no treatment in one group (negative control). The experimental plant, cowpea, was cultivated for five weeks. Data were collected after two weeks of cultivation and subsequent weeks until the fifth week, for the assays both on the homogenate and methanolic extract of the plant leaf and stem. The data obtained from the various assays conducted were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software (version 16). The results obtained showed that the malondialdehyde (MDA) level for both the leaf and stem showed an inconsistent increase (in lower dose of kocide, higher dose of kocide, 100mg/mL of copper sulphate and 200mg/mL of copper sulphate with 63.00 ± 8.82, 50.00 ± 5.77, 163.60 ± 3.33 and 157.00 ± 3.33 unit in mol/g wet weight × 10-4 respectively as against the negative control 73.00 ± 3.33MDA unit in mol/g wet weight × 10-4) within the weeks and decrease (in lower dose of kocide, higher dose of kocide, 100mg/mL and 200mg/mL with 17.00 ± 3.33, 23.00 ± 3.33, 17.00 ± 3.33 and 10.00 ± 0.00 unit in mol/g wet weight × 10-4 respectively as against the negative control 20.00 ± 5.77MDA unit in mol/g wet weight × 10-4) between weeks: depicting a stress condition in the plant. In the case of catalase, superoxide dismutase activities (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), reducing power and nitric oxide (NO) free radical scavenging potentials; a consistent and significant increases within and between the weeks for both the leaf and stem were observed. The results obtained from the present study depict that Vigna unguiculata plant could tolerate a specific level of copper pollution (200 mg/mL) by enhancing the activities of enzymic antioxidants and other features.
Role of Direct Marketing Techniques in Sales Excellence: A Case Study in Iraqi State Company for Rubber and Tires Industries
Authors: Jassim Sarmad Hamza , Ridha Bushra Jawad M.
Published: July 2022

Purpose of this study is to show importance of direct marketing with its four techniques: mail, telephone, catalogues, and YouTube, and to know their impact on sales excellence of company. Personal interviews were conducted with (48) managers in Iraqi State Company for Rubber and Tires Industries, and their answers were analyzed statistically on a questionnaire, the results are strong relationships between variables examined and they offer many advantages to industrial companies. This study attempts to contribute to supporting literature on marketing and providing advice on marketing company's products in a more efficient by highlighting importance of direct marketing for company and the extent of its contribution to achieving sales excellence for its products in the market in which it operates its products in order to be able to deliver the product directly to customers without the intervention of a third party between company and customer in order to achieve competitive advantage by increasing its sales volume, increasing its market share and improving its position in its current industry.
Role of Social Responsibility in Company’s Neuromarketing: A Case Study in Iraqi General Company for Agricultural Supplies
Authors: Jassim Sarmad Hamza
Published: July 2022

The research aims to enhance marketing capabilities of companies through their commitment to social responsibility, which will bring company many benefits, most notably application of neuromarketing, social responsibility in its economic, social and environmental dimensions with dependent variable of neuromarketing. A research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is that customers are involuntarily affected by company’s commitment to social responsibility, and therefore a company can use this in application of neuromarketing to ensure increased sales of its product mix and achieve high loyalty to existing customers in the markets.
Effect of Innovative Promotion Mix on Interactive Marketing for Business Organizations: A Case Study in Iraqi General Company for Automotive and Equipment Industry
Authors: Jassim Sarmad Hamza , Ridha Bushra Jawad M.
Published: July 2022

Aim of this paper is to show the importance of the innovative promotion mix with its five elements: innovative advertising, innovative personal selling, innovative sales promotion, innovative public relations, and innovative direct selling, and knowing their impact on interactive marketing in Business organizations. Personal interviews were conducted with (129) managers in Iraqi General Company for Automotive and Equipment Industry, and their answers to the questionnaire were analyzed statistically, results are strong relationships between the variables investigated and that they are offer many advantages to business organizations. It contributes to business organizations management field literature and advises about marketing of its product, it is clarifying the importance of innovative promotion and its role in implementing interactive marketing in particular. Innovative advertising and innovative direct selling has a big influence at interactive marketing, know that by a case study in one Iraqi organization, it requires to own exhibitions for its products through which the product is delivered directly to customers, and thus the business organization can raise its sales volume, increase its market share and improve its position in the market through innovative promotion.
House spending committee adds funding, other requests for SAMHSA
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2022

While adding more money to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) for the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) block grant, the House Committee on Appropriations approved proposed fiscal year (FY) 2023 funding on June 20 that includes an additional $500 million for the block grant. The bill also proposes changing the name of the block grant to the Substance Use Prevention and Treatment block grant, and refers to it as that, as well as changing the name of SAMHSA to replace ‘abuse’ with ‘use.’
Carbon Nanotube Array‐Based Flexible Multifunctional Electrodes to Record Electrophysiology and Ions on the Cerebral Cortex in Real Time
Authors: Yang Han , Qian Zheyan , Wang Jiajia , Feng Jianyou , Tang Chengqiang , Wang Liyuan , Guo Yue , Liu Ziwei , Yang Yiqing , Zhang Kailin , Chen Peining , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng
Published: July 2022

Electrophysiology and neurochemicals such as Ca2+, K+, and Na+ on the cerebral cortex can synergistically reflect the neurophysiological states. Transparent electrodes have been reported to record electrocorticography (ECoG) and image Ca2+ on the cerebral cortex surface. However, Ca2+ imaging is unable to track extracellular changes correlated with neural activities such as anesthesia, and imaging techniques to monitor K+ and Na+ are yet unavailable. Here, a flexible multifunctional electrode (FME) based on carbon nanotube array is presented to record ECoG and extracellular ions of Ca2+, K+, and Na+. The FME exhibits both lower impedance and higher capacitance than that of conventional gold electrodes. It simultaneously shows stable ion‐sensing performance and long‐term biocompatibility. The FME realizes multi‐model recording of ECoG and extracellular ions on the cerebral cortex surface of rats, providing an effective detection method for brain science.
Single‐Crystalline Perovskite p–n Junction Nanowire Arrays for Ultrasensitive Photodetection
Authors: Guan Yuwei , Zhang Chunhuan , Liu Zhen , Zhao Yiman , Ren Ang , Liang Jie , Hu Fengqin , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: July 2022

Highly sensitive photodetectors play significant roles in modern optoelectronic integrated circuits. Constructing p–n junctions has been proven to be a particularly powerful approach to realizing sensitive photodetection due to their efficient carrier separation. Recently, p–n‐junction photodetectors based on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, which combine favorable optoelectronic performance with facile processability, hold great potential in practical applications. So far, these devices have generally been made of polycrystalline films, which exhibit poor carrier‐transport efficiency, impeding the further improvement of their photoresponsivities. Here, a type of ultrasensitive photodetector based on single‐crystalline perovskite p–n‐junction nanowire arrays is demonstrated. The single‐crystalline perovskite p–n‐junction nanowire arrays not only possess high crystallinity that enables efficient carrier transport but also form a built‐in electric field facilitating effective carrier separation. As a result, the devices show excellent photosensitivity over a wide spectral range from 405 to 635 nm with an outstanding responsivity of 2.65 × 102 A W−1 at 532 nm. These results will provide new insights into the design and construction of high‐performance photodetectors for practical optoelectronic applications.
Large‐Area Lasing in Nanoscale Complex Media: The Critical Role of Local Dielectric Environment
Authors: Casey Karly , Dhami Bibek S. , Paige Myela A. , Sfeir Matthew Y. , Appavoo Kannatassen
Published: July 2022

Controlling how electromagnetic waves interact with complex media is critical for applications in imaging and focusing. Such lightwave interactions with complex media can lead to dramatic optical effects like lasing. While much work in random lasing focus on understanding how gain and scattering co‐operatively generate lasing, little work has focused on how to manipulate the lasing threshold without modifying the structural disorder. Here, a simple, mostly unexplored, strategy is demonstrated that employs atomic layer deposition (ALD) to tune the local near‐field environment while preserving the underpinning disorder—controlling lasing in a nanoscale complex medium on a large scale (>cm2). The nanoscale complex medium is a quasi‐2D system of coupled zinc oxide nanospheres with overall thickness deep in the sub‐wavelength regime (≈λ/4). Near‐ultraviolet femtosecond spectroscopy probes the broadband response of the gain nanomaterial, details how ALD process fundamentally modifies the fast‐picosecond and slow‐nanosecond carrier dynamics, and informs on the relevant timescales critical for lasing. Full‐field electromagnetic simulations provide critical insights about how near‐field dielectric environment modifies the nanostructure's scattering cross‐section, which ultimately results in enhanced lasing. These results highlight a simple path to control how electromagnetic waves interact in a complex medium, a key step toward large‐scale implementation of complex lasers.
Benefit of Intravenous Alteplase before Thrombectomy Depends on ASPECTS
Authors: Broocks Gabriel , Heit Jeremy J. , Kuraitis Gabriella M. , Meyer Lukas , van Horn Noel , Bechstein Matthias , Thaler Christian , Christensen Soren , Mlynash Michael , Lansberg Maarten G. , Kemmling Andre , Schön Gerhard , Albers Gregory , Fiehler Jens , Wintermark Max , Faizy Tobias D.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Baseline variables could be used to guide the administration of additional intravenous alteplase (IVT) before mechanical thrombectomy (MT). The aim of this study was to determine how baseline imaging and demographic parameters modify the effect of IVT on clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion.

Methods

Multicenter retrospective cohort study of ischemic stroke patients triaged by multimodal‐CT undergoing MT treatment after direct admission to an MT‐eligible center. Inverse‐probability weighting analysis (IPW) was used to assess the treatment effect of IVT adjusted for baseline variables. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with IPW‐weighting and interaction terms for IVT was performed to predict functional independence (mRS 0‐2 at 90‐days).

Results

720 patients were included, of which 366 (51%) received IVT. In IPW, the treatment effect of IVT on outcome (mRS 0‐2) distinctively varied according to the ASPECTS subgroup (ASPECTS 9‐10: +15%, ASPECTS 6‐8: +7%, ASPECTS <6: −11%). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, IVT was independently associated with functional independence (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.16‐2.14, p = 0.003) and the interaction term was significant for ASPECTS and IVT revealing that IVT was only significantly associated with better outcomes in patients with higher ASPECTS. No other significant baseline variable interaction terms were identified.

Interpretation

ASPECTS was the only baseline variable that showed a significant interaction with IVT for outcome prediction. Use of IVT prior to MT in patients with an ASPECTS of <6 was not associated with a treatment benefit and should be considered carefully. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:588–595
Cobalt (II)‐catalyzed oxidation of 2‐aryl benzoic acids to access biaryl lactones
Authors: Chao Mianran , Wang Hongyan , Zhang Haixing , Zhong Fubi , Luo Zhen , Wu Fengyun , Sun Feiyang , Jiang Jiaojiao , He Xuexue , Zhang Shumiao , Gong Peiwei , Wang Bin , Shen Duyi
Published: July 2022

Cobalt/peroxymonosulfate (Co/PMS) system is an efficient advanced oxidation process (AOP) for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater, however, has limitations in organic synthesis. Herein, we employ a Co/PMS system to the preparation of biaryl lactones by the valorization of 2‐aryl aromatic acids via intramolecular O‐H/C‐X oxidative coupling. This system exhibits intriguing advantages, such as non‐noble metal catalyst, common oxidant, mild condition, easy workup and product isolation. Mechanism studies, including the radical quenching experiments and multiple probe substrates, suggest that a high‐valent cobalt‐oxo intermediate should be one major active species. Meanwhile, both persulfate radical anion (SO4•−) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) are present in the process and contribute to the organic reaction. This work not only expands the synthetic application of Co/Oxone system beyond environmental fields, but also provides more active intermediates than generally‐accepted SO4•− in the known metal‐based AOPs.
The latest Miocene to Pliocene small‐sized fossil turtles, Testudinidae and Geoemydidae, from Makrygialos, Thermaikos Gulf, Northern Greece
Authors: Saltsidou Maria , Paschalidou Anthi , Sylvestrou Ioanna , Vlachos Evangelos
Published: July 2022

Although the existence of fossil turtles in Makrygialos and the surrounding areas, on the west side of the Thermaikos Gulf in Northern Greece, has been known for almost two decades, it has not been studied so far in detail. Over the last 5 years, we have conducted systematic fieldwork and exploration, focusing on the discovery and recovery of fossils in the coastal broader area of Makrygialos. Eleven turtle specimens have been found so far, eight of which have been collected, on the outcrops of the beaches of Makrygialos and Agiannis. Their age is estimated between the latest Miocene and Pliocene. Four of these specimens are terrestrial giant tortoises, two of them are small tortoises which we identify as the species Chersine hermanni sensu lato, and the last two are freshwater turtles which we attribute to the genus Mauremys sensu lato. Here, we present our studies on the small‐sized turtle species from this region. The fossil turtle fauna of Makrygialos is among the richest and most diverse in Greece, as in only a few other Greek localities at least three species of fossil turtles have been found. The C. hermanni specimens found in Makrygialos are probably the oldest fossils of the species found in Europe. The small‐turtle faunal composition during the Neogene along the east and west sides of the Thermaikos Gulf was completely different.
Sexual attitudes and associated factors of risky sexual behaviors among university students
Authors: Jahanfar Shayesteh , Pashaei Zahra
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Risky sexual behaviors. Adequate awareness of reproductive health in young people is important because they are in the early years of fertility, and engaging in risky sexual behaviors is more probable. This study aimed to evaluate the sexual attitude and associated factors of risky sexual behaviors among girls and boys and the difference in sexual norms by gender among university students.

Methods

A university‐based study with a cross‐sectional survey was conducted for 9 months in 2019. A total of 800 university students were studied by a random sampling technique using a self‐administered structured questionnaire derived from the World Health Organization illustrative questionnaire to assess sexual attitudes among adolescents and young adults.

Results

Most of the respondents were female and single. Girls were more religious, more frequently visited the cinemas and were more likely to discuss sex matters with family members than boys. There was no significant difference in the total score of sexual attitudes in girls and boys, and both genders had negative attitudes toward risky sexual behavior (42/72). Those who go to parties, bars, or movies are more likely to have risky sexual behavior. Being a religious person is an essential predictor of having less risky behavior (RR = 2.02, 95% CI = [0.96, 3.41]).

Conclusion

Being religious was a protective factor for engaging in risky sexual behavior. More interventions in schools and universities need to educate students to enhance awareness about the consequences of risky sexual behavior and reduce its rate.
Newly Designed One‐Pot In‐Situ Synthesis of VS2/rGO Nanocomposite to Explore Its Electrochemical Behavior towards Oxygen Electrode Reactions**
Authors: Ghorui Uday Kumar , Mondal Papri , Adhikary Bibhutosh , Mondal Anup , Sarkar Arpita
Published: July 2022

A facile and effective one‐step in‐situ technique for the synthesis of layered two‐dimensional metallic vanadium sulfide‐reduced graphene oxide (VS2/rGO) nanocomposite (NComp) hasbeen described and their electrocatalytic properties towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been studied. From transmission and scanning electron microscopy analyses, it was observed that the layered two‐dimensional VS2 nanoparticles successfully grew over the layered graphene matrix. The as‐synthesized NComp displayed excellent electrocatalytic activities towards ORR with a four‐electron transfer pathway, and OER in alkaline medium. The synthesized nanocatalyst exhibits lower ΔE value (0.75 V) as compared to other literature values, high catalytic current density (−6.26 mA cm−2 for ORR) with a lower Tafel slope (59 mV dec−1), as compared to Pt/C, and lower overpotential (η=0.31 V at 10 mA cm−2 for OER) with a smaller Tafel slope (68 mV dec−1) than those of RuO2. Moreover, it displays high electrochemically active surface area, long‐term stability in alkaline medium and good resistance to the methanol crossover effect. The enhanced bifunctional electrocatalytic properties of the synthesized nanocatalyst may be owing to the synergistic effect of combining VS2 and rGO, which improves the surface area, adsorption of reaction intermediates, active sites density, and electrical conductivity. Along with the high stability of the hybrid NComp, these advantages provide immense promise for triggering breakthroughs in fuel‐cell electrocatalysis.
MnO2 Nanoflowers Decorated on ZIF‐8‐ZnO with Ni Foam Supportfor High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xueyang , Yuan Fanshu , Xue Dan , Liu Jie , Wei Jie , Wang Yiwen , Wang Jiahui , Qu Qinghua , Zhang Qianli
Published: July 2022

In this study, ZIF‐8 (Zn(MeIn)2, MeIn=2‐methylimidazole) was synthesized directly on Ni foam with the use of polydopamine (PDA). By following a hydrothermal process, MnO2 nanoflowers were decorated on the hybrid material of ZIF‐8/ZnO, as derived from ZIF‐8 via pyrolysis at 500 °C under nitrogen flow. The produced binder‐free electrode (NF/ZIF‐8‐ZnO/MnO2) demonstrated an excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitors, including a specific capacitance of 2005 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 and a fairly high cycling stability (90.74% retention after 4000 cycles). Furthermore, a NF/ZIF‐8‐ZnO/MnO2//activated carbon (AC) asymmetric supercapacitor showed an energy density of 70.57 Wh kg−1 given a power density of 112.45 kW kg−1. These results demonstrate that NF/ZIF‐8‐ZnO/MnO2 is a promising candidate for supercapacitors due to the synergistic contribution of ZIF‐8, ZnO and MnO2.