bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous Abrupt Vegetation Shifts in the Global Terrestrial Ecosystem
Authors: Wei Maohong , Li Shengpeng , Zhu Lin , Lu Xueqiang , Li Hongyuan , Feng Jianfeng
Published: January 2025

Previous studies have primarily focused on single abrupt shifts; however, the actual ecosystem will experience continuous abrupt shifts (CAS), including different directions shifts (DDS) and same direction shifts (SDS). The patterns and drivers of these CAS remain unclear. We examined the patterns of the DDS and SDS by two vegetation datasets and then tested climate drivers comprising atmospheric temperature (MAT), atmospheric precipitation (MAP), soil temperature (ST) and soil water content (SW); finally, hysteresis effects were examined with reference to principal drivers. The results demonstrate that the DDS and SDS varied across climatic regions. The ST, SW, MAT and MAP were the primary drivers of the DDS, while the MAT and MAP were the primary drivers of the SDS. Furthermore, the presence of hysteresis effects was validated via the DDS. This study presents the widespread occurrence of the CAS and the divergent roles of climate change on the DDS and SDS globally.
PI5P4K inhibitors: promising opportunities and challenges
Authors: Takeuchi Koh , Nagase Lisa , Kageyama Shun , Kanoh Hirotaka , Oshima Masashi , Ogawa‐Iio Aki , Ikeda Yoshiki , Fujii Yuki , Kondo Sei , Osaka Natsuki , Masuda Takeshi , Ishihara Tsukasa , Nakamura Yoshikazu , Hirota Yoshihisa , Sasaki Takehiko , Senda Toshiya , Sasaki Atsuo T.
Published: January 2025

Phosphatidylinositol 5‐phosphate 4‐kinases (PI5P4K), also known as type II PIPKs or PIPKIIs, convert the lipid second messenger PI5P to PI(4,5)P2. The PI5P4K family consists of three isozymes in mammals—PI5P4Kα, β, and γ—which notably utilize both GTP and ATP as phosphodonors. Unlike the other two isozymes, which can utilize both ATP and GTP, PI5P4Kβ exhibits a marked preference for GTP over ATP, acting as an intracellular GTP sensor that alters its kinase activity in response to physiological changes in GTP concentration. Knockout studies have demonstrated a critical role for PI5P4Kα and β in tumorigenesis, while PI5P4Kγ has been implicated in regulating immune and neural systems. Pharmacological targeting of PI5P4K holds promise for the development of new therapeutic approaches against cancer, immune dysfunction, and neurodegenerative diseases. Although several PI5P4K inhibitors have already been developed, challenges remain in PI5P4K inhibitor development, including a discrepancy between in vitro and cellular efficacy. This discrepancy is attributable to mainly three factors. (a) Most PI5P4K inhibitors were developed at low ATP levels, where these enzymes exhibit minimal activity. (b) Non‐catalytic functions of PI5P4K require careful interpretation of PI5P4K depletion studies, as their scaffolding roles suppress class I PI3K signaling. (c) The lack of pharmacodynamic markers for in vivo assessment complicates efficacy assessment. To address these issues and promote the development of effective and targeted therapeutic strategies, this review provides an analytical overview of the distinct roles of individual isozymes and recent developments in PI5P4K inhibitors, emphasizing structural insights and the importance of pharmacodynamic marker identification.
Conceptualizing culture critically: Examining perspectives from additional language teachers
Authors: Kunnas Marika , Masson Mimi , Carroll Shawna M.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the findings related to culture from an online survey with French as a second language (FSL) teachers (n = 45) about equity and antioppression in the Ontario FSL curriculum. FSL teachers defined culture and reflected on the link between language and culture and the role of students' cultures in FSL. Framed by an anti‐biased, antiracist (ABAR) framework, data were thematically analyzed from an intercultural and ABAR perspective. Results show that FSL teachers have a strong, nuanced, and highly diverse understanding of culture, they all believed that language and culture are interrelated (to varying degrees), and most thought that students' cultures should be integrated into FSL classes to improve students' experiences and language learning. FSL teachers' conceptions of language and culture also revealed a need to develop critical orientations in teacher preparation and learning.
Chemical Composition, Fermentation Parameters and Losses of Silages From Different Hybrids of Biomass Sorghum
Authors: Silva Yara A. , Orrico Junior Marco A. P. , Retore Marciana , Ceccon Gessí , Fernandes Tatiane , Orrico Ana C. A.
Published: January 2025

Due to their high productivity, biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrids may be promising to maximise roughage production for ruminants. However, the variation in chemical composition among hybrids may impact the nutritional value and the fermentation process of the silages produced. Thus, the present study assessed the fermentation quality and chemical composition of silages from five hybrids of biomass sorghum. The experiment adopted a 5 × 2 factorial randomised block design with five biomass sorghum hybrids (CMSXS5039, CMSXS5044, CMSXS7102, CMSXS7103 and BRS 716) sowed in two municipalities of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Dourados and Jateí). The parameters assessed were chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility, profile of short‐chain organic acids, pH, ammonia, fermentation losses and aerobic stability. The silages produced from CMSXS7102, CMSXS7103 and BRS 716 in Dourados had higher fibre content and lower digestibility coefficients. In contrast, hybrids with higher non‐fibrous carbohydrate content and lower lignin levels, such as CMSXS5044 and CMSXS5039, exhibited the best digestibility values. Silages produced in Jateí had higher moisture content, which resulted in increased effluent losses, particularly for the CMSXS5044 (450 kg ton−1 DM) and CMSXS5039 (320 kg ton−1 DM) hybrids. This higher effluent production in Jateí led to lower soluble protein (SP) and degradable protein (DP) concentrations compared to the silages from Dourados. Additionally, the higher moisture content in Jateí promoted the production of butyric acid in the silages. Silages from the CMSXS5039 hybrid (70.5 g kg−1 DM) had the highest lactic acid content; however, no significant difference was observed in acetic acid levels between the treatments. Overall, all the sorghum biomass hybrids tested produced silages with good fermentative and nutritional quality, but CMSXS5039 stood out in most of the parameters evaluated.
Effect of a physical activity and healthy eating lifestyle intervention in pregnancy on fetal growth trajectories: The DALI randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dieberger Anna M. , van Poppel Mireille N. M. , Desoye Gernot , Simmons David , Harreiter Jürgen , Devlieger Roland , Medina Carmen , Lawlor Deborah A. , Elhakeem Ahmed ,   the DALI core investigator group
Published: January 2025

Background

Obesity during pregnancy is related to fetal overgrowth. Effective interventions that can mitigate this risk are needed.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a lifestyle intervention for pregnant women with obesity on fetal growth trajectories.

Methods

In the DALI trial, pregnant women with a body mass index ≥29.0 kg/m2 and without gestational diabetes at baseline were randomized to counselling on physical activity (PA), healthy eating (HE) or a combination (PA + HE), or to usual care (UC). Fetal growth trajectories were modelled based on a combination of estimated fetal weight (EFW) from repeated ultrasound scans and weight measured at birth. Differences in fetal growth trajectories between groups were assessed.

Results

Three hundred eighty‐four women were included. Those in the PA + HE intervention had slower EFW gain from 32 weeks onwards, with differences (PA + HE vs. UC) at 32, 36 and 40 weeks of −54.1 g (−146.7 to 38.9 g), −84.9 g (−194.0 to 24.7 g), and −99.8 g (−227.1 to 28.1 g), respectively. Effects appeared stronger in males, with a difference at 40 weeks of −185.8 g (−362.5 g to −9.2 g) versus −23.4 g (−190.4 g to 143.5 g) in females.

Conclusions

A lifestyle intervention for pregnant women with obesity resulted in attenuated fetal growth, which only reached significance in male offspring. Future larger trials are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate underlying pathways.
Toward Theory‐Based Volitional Personality Development Interventions at Work
Authors: Dupré Sofie , Wille Bart
Published: January 2025

In this article, we respond to four commentaries (Li et al., 2024; Hennecke & Ingold, 2025; Perossa & Connelly, 2024; Ones et al., 2024) on our article “Personality development goals at work: A new frontier in personality assessment in organizations.” We start by addressing four overarching considerations from the commentaries, including (a) how to approach PDG assessment, (b) the feasibility of personality development interventions, (c) potential trade‐offs involved, and (d) the value of personality development beyond established HR practices. Next, in an attempt to integrate these considerations and stimulate future research in this area, we outline three critical elements of what we believe can be the foundation of theory‐based personality development interventions at work. For this purpose, we first posit that personality development at work can be rethought such that the focus shifts from “changing an employee's trait levels” to “expanding that employee's comfort zone across a range of personality states.” Second, to have sustained effects, interventions need to accomplish more than simply “learning new behaviors,” by effectively targeting all layers of personality—behavioral, cognitive, and emotional. Finally, we introduce optimal functioning, encompassing both performance and well‐being aspects, as the ultimate criterion for evaluating the success of personality development interventions. We hope these reactions and integrative ideas will inspire future research on personality development goals assessment and personality development interventions in the work context.
Postoperative Pain Following Vital Pulp Therapy in Carious Permanent Teeth of Children and Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pradittapong Parattanan , Chompu‐inwai Papimon , Chaipattanawan Nattakan , Nirunsittirat Areerat , Phinyo Phichayut , Manmontri Chanika
Published: January 2025

Background

Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is one of the treatments recommended for vital deep carious permanent molars. However, postoperative pain remains underexplored in children and adolescents who have undergone VPT.

Aim

This study investigated the incidence, intensity, duration, temporal pattern, and analgesic intake of postoperative pain following VPT in children and adolescents. Additionally, factors associated with postoperative pain incidence were explored.

Design

A prospective cohort study was conducted in 159 patients aged 6–18 years, involving 174 VPT‐treated teeth. Pain intensity, measured with the Wong–Baker FACES Pain Scale (WBFPS), and analgesic intake were recorded daily for 7 days post treatment.

Results

Over the 7‐day period, 40.23% of patients experienced postoperative pain. Mean pain intensity decreased from 3.43 ± 1.96 on Day 1 to 1.26 ± 1.71 on Day 2. About 52.86% of patients were pain‐free between Days 1 and 2, and over 97% were pain‐free by Day 7. Analgesics were taken by 25.86% of patients. Compared with the protective liners group, the more invasive types of VPT were associated with higher odds of pain.

Conclusion

Postoperative pain following VPT was common; however, it was mild, controllable with analgesics, and resolved in most patients. The more invasive VPT types were linked to an increased incidence of pain.
Development of Children's Perceived Nursing Image Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Apaydin Cirik Vildan , Aksoy Bahar , Bektaş Murat
Published: January 2025

Aim

Professional knowledge and awareness of children begins to create at the age of 3–5, and the professional knowledge have acquired at this age was effective in their future career decision‐making. This study aimed to develop the Children's Perceived Nursing Image Scale (CPNIS) and evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods

The methodological study was carried out in a cross‐sectional, descriptive, and correlational design. This study was conducted with 614 children aged 8–11 between 21 January–April 2022. The data were collected using a Child Information Form and the CPNIS. The CPNIS is a scale compatible with the deductive approach. The data were analysed using various statistical methods including descriptive statistics (numbers and percentages), t‐tests, factor analysis, and correlation analysis. Item‐total score analysis, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and the internal consistency were employed to evaluate the reliability of the measurements. Three‐stage cross‐sectional study, which followed the STROBE checklist was conducted: (1) development of items, (2) assessing content validity and (3) validity and reliability of the scale.

Results

The CPNIS is a valid scale consisting of four factors as subdimensions. The total Cronbach's alpha of the scale is 0.93. The scale explained 46.4% of the total variance. The scale Test‐Retest analysis, the total ICC value of the scale was found to be 0.84 and p = 0.001.

Conclusion

Evaluation of the children's perceived nursing image can contribute to the identification of children with negative perceptions in clinics and the planning of interventions that will lead to positive perceptions.
Classification of Scanning Errors of Digital Scans Recorded by Using Intraoral Scanners
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Aragoneses Rocío , Arroyo Valverde Eva María , Gómez‐Polo Miguel , Kois John C.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The different scanning errors that can be caused by the operator handling an intraoral scanner (IOS) or the intraoral conditions of the patient being scanned have not been described. The purpose of this review was to describe and classify the scanning errors that can be identified in digital scans recorded by using IOSs.

Overview

The identification of scanning errors in an intraoral scan and understanding the cause of these scanning errors are fundamental procedures for successfully handling an IOS and integrating these digital data acquisition technologies in dental practices. There are two main types of scanning errors: the ones created by the operator and the ones caused by the intraoral conditions of the patient. There are seven operator‐related scanning errors: mesh hole, stitching, tissue, reliability, umbrella, implant scan body geometry, and scanning noise errors. Additionally, there are four patient‐related scanning errors: humidity, bridge, fuzzy finish line, and scanability noise errors.

Conclusions

The identification of scanning errors is fundamental for assessing the quality of an intraoral digital scan. The comprehensive reading of these scanning errors allows the dental professional to understand if the scanning error can be corrected or if it is related to hardware/software limitations of IOSs.
A juvenile spinner shark in southern New England: A rare visitor or a sign of change?
Authors: Moyer Joshua K. , Dodd Jon F. , Kajiura Stephen M.
Published: January 2025

A juvenile spinner shark, Carcharhinus brevipinna, was captured and released in the coastal waters of Rhode Island, USA, where range delineations based on historic records of spinner sharks and the species' congener, the blacktip shark, Carcharhinus limbatus, are plagued by misidentification. The shark in question was within the size range of neonates for C. brevipinna and bore a partially healed umbilical wound. This highlights questions concerning the distribution of nursery habitats for the species along the East Coast of North America and how that may be altered by climate change.
A TaqMan‐MGB Probe Quantitative PCR Assay Detecting Hematodinium perezi
Authors: Xie Guosi , Wang Hailiang , Zhu Mengting , Bi Jingnan , Yang Liuxin , Wan Xiaoyuan , Li Meng , Xie Enpei , Shi Chengyin , Yang Bing , Zhang Qingli , Li Caiwen , Huang Jie
Published: January 2025

Hematodinium perezi, a pathogenic dinoflagellate, is one of major epidemiological agents that lead to severe losses of cultured marine crustaceans in China. This study aimed to develop a novel, sensitive and specific detection method qualified for early surveillance and control of the disease caused by H. perezi. The present study established a TaqMan‐MGB probe quantitative PCR (qPCR) method, targeting the first internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) region of H. perezi by optimising reaction components. A high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9996) was obtained in a standard curve with a 103.4% efficiency. No amplification was observed for the host's genome and pathogens other than H. perezi in the TaqMan‐MGB probe qPCR assays, showing high specificity to H. perezi. When using the plasmid standard DNA as templates, the detection limit of the qPCR method was determined to be 5.66 copies/reaction and 10 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR. The TaqMan‐MGB probe qPCR assays exhibited high repeatability, and the intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation (CV) ranged from 0.11% to 2.25% over a wide dynamic range of detection from 5.66 × 100 to 5.66 × 109 copies of targeting gene. The application was also validated on clinical samples, including those with low infection with H. perezi. This novel one‐step TaqMan‐MGB probe qPCR provides an option for surveillance and epidemiological investigations of H. perezi infection, with an advantage at the early infection stage.
Leaders' power construal influences malevolent creativity: The mediating role of organizational conspiracy beliefs
Authors: Fousiani Kyriaki , Xu Sylvia , van Prooijen Jan‐Willem
Published: January 2025

How employees perceive their leaders' power can influence their view and treatment of organizations. This study examines how employees' perceptions of their leaders' power construal—primarily as responsibility (PaR) or primarily as opportunity (PaO)—influence employee malevolent creativity towards the organization, with organizational conspiracy beliefs mediating this relationship. We hypothesized that when leaders' power is perceived primarily as responsibility, it diminishes employee endorsement of conspiracy beliefs and, in turn, reduces malevolent creativity. Conversely, perceiving leaders' power mainly as opportunity was expected to amplify conspiracy beliefs and subsequently malevolent creativity. Study 1, a three‐wave study among employees, showed that increased PaO was positively related to employee malevolent creativity through increased organizational conspiracy beliefs. Moreover, PaR was negatively related to malevolent creativity through organizational conspiracy beliefs. Study 2 (preregistered) experimentally tested these relationships and provided support for all hypotheses. Study 3 (also preregistered) manipulated exposure to organizational conspiracy theories (the mediator) to address the ‘measurement‐of‐mediation’ issue and found that conspiracy theories increase malevolent creativity. This study demonstrates the adverse consequences of leader's power construal as opportunity through employee's organizational conspiracy beliefs.
Outcome of Screening Questions for Temporomandibular Disorders and Related Treatment in Adult Patients Attending the Public Dental Service
Authors: Hjort Sofia , Hedenberg‐Magnusson Britt , Jasim Hajer
Published: January 2025

Background

Approximately 30% of the adult population experiences symptoms under the concept of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). To identify patients with TMD who may require further evaluation, three screening questions (3Q/TMD) have been introduced.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of self‐reported TMD and the amount of treatment received by patients in the Public Dental Service in Stockholm and how many were referred to an orofacial pain specialist.

Methods

Health declarations from 402 012 patients 18 and older were included. Answers to the 3Q/TMD, gender, performed treatment, and referrals were extracted from the patients' records.

Result

The prevalence of affirmative answers to 3Q/TMD was 4.6% and higher in the 20–29 age group compared to the 60–69 group. Affirmative answers in general led to more treatment, and an affirmative answer to Q1 gave the highest probability of treatment (OR 5.13; 4.87, 5.41) with occlusal splint therapy being the most common. Age did not significantly predicting the amount of treatment (p = 0.05), although there was a tendency towards less treatment in older age groups. In total, 0.74% of the study population were referred to an orofacial pain specialist, with a higher probability of referral for those who answered affirmatively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The prevalence of self‐reported TMD among patients in the Public Dental Service aligns with findings from similar studies. Patients who answered affirmatively to one or more of the screening questions were more likely to receive treatment or a referral. The 3Q/TMD effectively identifies patients who may benefit from further evaluation and referral, although the rate of treatment remains low.
Potential interaction between clorsulon and ivermectin for malaria vector control
Authors: Hongsuwong Thitipong , Khemrattrakool Pattarapon , Phanphoowong Theerawit , Sriwichai Patchara , Poovorawan Kittiyod , Tarning Joel , Kobylinski Kevin C.
Published: January 2025

Mass ivermectin (IVM) treatment of livestock (MITL) is under consideration as a malaria control tool as IVM‐treated livestock are lethal to blood‐feeding Anopheles mosquitoes. MITL is routinely used as a prophylaxis in livestock to reduce the burden and transmission of helminth infections. Recently, there has been a shift in the veterinary IVM market in Southeast Asia wherein nearly all standard IVM formulations are now co‐formulated with clorsulon (CLO). CLO is used to treat the trematode liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. Thus, the co‐administration of IVM and CLO simultaneously targets multiple livestock infections. Additionally, F. hepatica frequently afflicts human populations in endemic areas, making control of F. hepatica in livestock beneficial for One Health. CLO interrupts glycolysis in F. hepatica, but its potential effect against Anopheles mosquitoes has never been evaluated. Anopheles dirus mosquitoes were blood‐fed CLO across a range of concentrations (1–10,000 nM; 0.38–3807 ng/mL), and mosquito survival was monitored for 10 days. Co‐feeding experiments were also performed with An. dirus blood‐fed on IVM at two concentrations (4 and 6 ng/mL) without and with CLO corresponding to peak concentration in cattle (Cmax) (2700 ng/mL) and five times the Cmax (13,500 ng/mL), and mosquito survival was monitored for 10 days. CLO had no mosquito‐lethal effect on An. dirus. The IVM and CLO co‐feed experiment did not indicate any altered effect of IVM on mosquito survival when co‐fed with CLO. IVM‐CLO livestock co‐formulations would not likely alter the Anopheles mosquito‐lethal effect of MITL. The use of MITL‐CLO for malaria control would have health benefits for livestock, treating helminth and liver fluke infections, and additional One Health benefits by reducing transmission risk of liver flukes to humans.
The comparison of spread of methylene blue after the Pericapsular Nerve Group block and a double injection selectively targeting the articular branches to the anterior hip capsule in human cadavers
Authors: Smits Rachel J. H. , Tan Edward C. T. H. , van den Bersselaar Luuk R. , de Bruijn Anne , Hendriksen Eva , Vissers Kris C. P. , Olde Dubbelink Kim T. E. , van der Wal Selina E. I.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

In this study, the spread of methylene blue was compared between an ultrasound‐guided Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block and a double injection technique, where the approach towards the inferomedial acetabulum was added to the latter.

Methods

The two techniques were performed in 11 fresh frozen cadavers. The spread was measured after anatomical dissection in which the supplying femoral and obturator nerves were identified.

Results and Conclusion

Our study demonstrates adequate staining of the iliac bone with comparable distal and medial spread in both techniques, indicating that the PENG block with a single injection is adequate in blocking the hip capsule with 10 mL local anesthetics. Staining of the femoral nerve occurred in 2/6 specimens after the PENG block, and staining of the obturator nerve in 1 specimen in each group.
Enhancing Tolerance to Combined Heat and Drought Stress in Cool‐Season Grain Legumes: Mechanisms, Genetic Insights, and Future Directions
Authors: Priya Manu , Farooq Muhammad , Siddique Kadambot H. M.
Published: January 2025

The increasing frequency of concurrent heat and drought stress poses a significant challenge to agricultural productivity, particularly for cool‐season grain legumes, including broad bean (Vicia Faba L.), lupin (Lupinus spp.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). These legumes play a vital role in sustainable agricultural systems due to their nitrogen‐fixing ability and high nutritional value. This review synthesizes current knowledge of the impacts and tolerance mechanisms associated with combined heat and drought stresses in these crops. We evaluate physiological and biochemical responses to combined heat and drought stress, focusing on their detrimental effects on growth, development, and yield. Key genetic and molecular mechanisms, such as the roles of osmolytes, antioxidants, and stress‐responsive genes, are explored. We also discuss the intricate interplay between heat and drought stress signaling pathways, including the involvement of Ca2+ ions, reactive oxygen species, transcription factor DREB2A, and the endoplasmic reticulum in mediating stress responses. This comprehensive analysis offers new insights into developing resilient legume varieties to enhance agricultural sustainability under climate change. Future research should prioritize integrating omics technologies to unravel plant responses to combined abiotic stresses.
Functional characterisation of WRKY transcription factor CrWRKY48 involved in regulating seed abortion of Ponkan (Citrus reticulata)
Authors: Lu Liqing , Gao Xiong , Qi Yongjie , Zha Zixian , Gao Zhenghui , Ma Na , Wu Juxun , Yang Haijian , Yi Hualin
Published: January 2025

Citrus fruits are one of the most important fruits in the world, and their seedless character is favored by consumers. WRKY is a plant‐specific transcription factor family involved in all aspects of plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanism of seedless fruit formation in citrus and the role of the WRKY gene family in seed abortion are still poorly understood. In this study, we identified 47 WRKY family genes in the citrus fruit Citrus reticulata and comprehensively characterized the WRKY gene family through gene structure and evolutionary relationships. The expression patterns and protein interaction networks of the WRKY gene family were analyzed based on citrus seed abortion transcriptome data, and several WRKY genes that may be involved in the seed abortion regulation were excavated. Furthermore, CrWRKY48 was verified to regulate seed abortion positively in Arabidopsis thaliana, and the rate of seed abortion caused by overexpression of CrWRKY48 reached 45.48%. Using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling assays, DNA affinity purification sequencing and yeast‐one‐hybrid assays, we found that CrWRKY48 activated excessive programmed cell death by regulating the expression of programmed cell death‐related genes such as SOBIR1. Our results show the potential regulation of the WRKY gene family for citrus seed abortion and provide novel insights into the role of CrWRKY48 in mediating citrus seed abortion by activating programmed cell death.
The spatiotemporal changes of metabolites in Pinellia ternata at different development stages by MALDI‐MSI
Authors: Pei Yifei , Feng Xue , Liu Ziyi , Chen Jialei , Wang Jialu , Zhang Xiangyu , Liu Haitao , Li Xiwen
Published: January 2025

Pinellia ternata is an herb species in the Pinellia genus with significant economic value due to its medicinal properties. Understanding the accumulation and spatial distribution characteristics of metabolites during the development of the medicinal part, the rhizome of P. ternata (PR), provides a basis for targeted metabolic regulation and quality evaluation. In this study, we used matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI) and MS/MS to analyse metabolites at 5 representative stages (S1 to S5) of rhizome development in cross and longitudinal sections of the rhizome. A total of 168 metabolites were detected, with 13 being metabolites previously reported in PR. Additionally, Venn analysis revealed 12 bioactive differential metabolites during the growth process. Their spatial distribution and composition were analyzed, showing that alkaloids and amino acids were significantly distributed throughout the entire region and had higher relative contents compared to other metabolites. Flavonoids were more distributed in the outer regions of PR, potentially playing a greater role in combating biotic or abiotic stresses. Specifically, in cross‐sections, arginine, nicotinamide, and 2‐pentylpyridine showed a clear trend of accumulation from the outer to the inner from S1 to S5, while trigonelline, adenosine, cytidine, 3,4‐dihydroxycinnamyl alcohol, raffinose, choline alfoscerate, liquiritin, and apii exhibited the opposite trend. For longitudinal sections, trigonelline, 2‐pentylpyridine, choline alfoscerate and baicalein showed a trend of accumulation from the area of bud end to the far region during S1 to S5, while arginine showed opposite distribution trends. These findings deepen our understanding of the metabolic processes involved in the development of PR and have potential implications for variety improvement and quality control.
Insiders and Outsiders: The Role of Human Agents and Networks in System Change
Authors: Forsyth Miranda , Roberts Anthea
Published: January 2025

This article focuses on the roles of insiders or outsiders in order to theorize the role that human agents play in systems change. It asks: (1) what strengths and weaknesses do insiders and outsiders have respectively as agents of change; and (2) what strategies are available to use these insights to increase, or to limit, the prospects of significant and lasting change? Drawing on an interdisciplinary range of scholarship, it develops a general theoretical framework for identifying the strengths and weaknesses of insiders and outsiders in terms of innovation (generating new ideas) and diffusion (promoting the adoption of new ideas). It identifies two strategies to leverage the strengths of both: (1) complexifying our understanding of change agents through identifying the special roles played by “insider–outsiders” and “outsider–insiders”; and (2) connecting insiders and outsiders through a process we refer to as “inside‐outside networked change.”
Efficacy of Supportive Care Interventions for Improving Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Resilience in Family Caregivers of Cancer‐Affected Children: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yan Qianwen , Li Xia , Chen Yang , Li Linna , Hu Xiaolin
Published: January 2025

Background

The diagnosis of pediatric cancer is a major shock to family caregivers, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) emerge as the most prevalent adverse psychological outcomes. However, not all family caregivers have sufficient resilience to cope with these challenges; thus, supportive care interventions are necessary. These interventions, which include psychosocial support, education, and other forms of assistance, are designed to enhance the well‐being of those affected by disease. In the past few years, more research has been delving into supportive care interventions for family caregivers of cancer‐affected children, yet there is still a variance in the results.

Objective

To investigate the impacts of supportive care interventions on PTSSs and resilience in family caregivers of cancer‐affected children, also focusing on the impacts of prerecruitment time to diagnosis, duration, type of intervention, and recruitment area on the outcomes.

Methods

Nine databases (Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Embase, CNKI, Sinomed, WANFANG, VIP, and Web of Science) were searched from their inception to February 21, 2024. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method were used to evaluate the quality of evidence. To gauge the effectiveness of the interventions, we computed the standard mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) utilizing StataCorp (version 16.0). Sensitivity analysis and Egger's test were also conducted.

Results

Supportive care interventions significantly improved the PTSSs (SMD = −0.86, 95% CI [−1.39, −0.33], p < 0.01, I2 = 94.95%) and resilience (SMD = 0.85, 95% CI [0.26, 1.44], p < 0.01, I2 = 88.3%) among family caregivers of cancer‐affected children. Subgroup analyses revealed that early interventions for family caregivers after the diagnosis of children and the short‐term interventions were associated with improvements in their PTSS and resilience. Moreover, cognitive behavioral interventions were the most common type of interventions and were effective in supporting family caregivers. Additionally, supportive care interventions did not improve PTSSs among family caregivers in middle‐income countries.

Linking Evidence to Action

Supportive care interventions have demonstrated efficacy in improving PTSSs and resilience among family caregivers of cancer‐affected children. This research proved the imperative of providing prompt supportive care to family caregivers early after the pediatric cancer diagnosis. Additionally, it is also necessary to further study and explore the optimal way to combine different intervention components based on caregivers' need and to develop regionally adapted and culturally sensitive supportive care interventions to better improve health outcomes for family caregivers.
Cable Force Distribution and Motion Control for a Cable-Driven Super-Redundant Robot Under Stiffness Constraints
Authors: Tuo Guiben , Wang Yongqing , Li Te , Shang Zhenye , Li Xu , Liu Haibo
Published: January 2025

Cable-driven super-redundant robots (CDSSR) with slender and flexible bodies have wide application potential in narrow spaces. However, the control accuracy of the robot is affected by the instability of the operating stiffness during motion, which is related to the diversity of the cable tension distribution solutions. To solve this problem, an analytical stiffness model of the cable-driven super-redundant robot is first constructed based on the virtual work principle. Then, an optimal cable tension distribution model based on energy optimization and stiffness constraint is proposed. Third, a motion control framework of cable-driven super-redundant robot with stiffness constraints is proposed. Finally, constant stiffness control experiments and repeated positioning accuracy experiments of robot end under different end stiffness conditions are carried out on a 21-DOF cable-driven super-redundant robot. The results show that the proposed control strategy can achieve constant stiffness control. When the stiffness of the robot is adjusted from 200 N/m to 300 N/m, the repeated positioning accuracy in the X, Y, and Z directions is increased by 40.00%, 27.62%, and 53.09%, respectively. When the end stiffness is adjusted from 300 N/m to 400 N/m, the repeated positioning accuracy in the X, Y, and Z directions is increased by 40.81%, 58.08%, and 64.99%, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed cable force distribution model and control strategy are effective.
The Effects of Floor Isometric Trunk Extension Exercise on Muscle Thickness and Activation Vary Between Different Combinations of Duration and Repetition Number
Authors: Kellis Eleftherios , Konstantopoulos Athanasios , Ellinoudis Athanasios
Published: January 2025

Context: Intermittent floor trunk extensions are popular exercises in group fitness programs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether fewer repetitions of longer isometric trunk extension efforts compared with more repetitions of shorter isometric contractions have different acute effects on muscle thickness and activation as well as perceived exertion. Design: This study followed a cross-sectional design. Methods: Twenty healthy young males performed floor prone trunk extension exercises using 3 different exercise protocols of repetition and duration: 10 × 5 seconds (D10 × 5), 2 × 25 seconds (D2 × 25), and 5 × 10 seconds (D5 × 10). Ultrasound multifidus thickness and rate of perceived exertion on a 10-point scale were measured immediately after each protocol. Electromyographic activation from the erector spinae, multifidus, and gluteus maximum during each protocol was measured using bipolar surface electrodes. Results: The longer duration (D2 × 25) protocol showed a significant greater rate of perceived exertion (6.22 [0.73]) and rest multifidus thickness change (median: 8.04%) compared with the other protocols (P < .05). Within each protocol, root mean square of all muscles increased from trial to trial in the D2 × 25 and D5 × 10 (P < .05), but not during the D10 × 5 protocol (P > .05). The maximum root mean square was achieved in the shorter duration (D10 × 5) protocol compared with the other ones (P < .05). Conclusion: If trunk extension exercises on the floor are used in a training setting, then using exercises with long duration and fewer repetitions may elicit a greater metabolic response.
Generalized Model of the Superconducting Sigma Neuron
Authors: Shuravin N. S. , Karelina L. N. , Ionin A. S. , Razorenov F. A. , Sidel’nikov M. S. , Egorov S. V. , Bol’ginov V. V.
Published: January 2025

The superconducting sigma neuron is a single-junction interferometer, with a part of the circuit shunted by an additional inductance, which is also used to generate the output signal. It was previously predicted that the transfer function of this device would be close to the sigmoidal one at a certain relation between the values of inductance of its parts. This interferometer can be fabricated as a multilayer thin-film structure over a superconducting screen, which allows measuring the output magnetic flux in a single element. An analysis of the experimental data showed that the use of a superconducting screen did not ensure complete independence of the sigma neuron elements, as was assumed in the theoretical model. This paper presents a generalized model of the stationary state of a sigma neuron that takes into account the interaction between all its parts, including the input and readout elements.
‘Fighting every day’: exploring caregiver quality of life and perspectives on healthcare services for children with dementia – a cross-sectional, mixed-methods study
Authors: Djafar Jason , Nevin Suzanne , Smith Nicholas , Ardern-Holmes Simone , Bhattacharya Kaustuv , Dale Russell , Ellaway Carolyn , Grattan Sarah , Johnson Alexandra , Kandula Tejaswi , Kariyawasam Didu S , Lewis Katherine , Meagher Christian Elias , Mohammad Shekeeb , Farrar Michelle Anne
Published: January 2025

Objective

To explore quality of life outcomes for caregivers of children with childhood dementia including the positive and negative impact of caregiving. The secondary aim was to explore caregivers’ perspectives on healthcare services for children with dementia.

Design

Cross-sectional, mixed-methods study with analyses of quantitative and qualitative data collected via online survey.

Setting

Australian tertiary referral children’s hospitals, clinics and community advocacy groups.

Patients

40 caregivers of children with dementia.

Interventions

The survey was developed by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians including paediatric neurologists and behavioural scientists with experience in caring for families with childhood dementias and mixed-methods research.

Main outcome measures

Surveys assessed caregiver-reported health-related quality of life, psychological distress, the impacts of caregiving and perspectives on healthcare services and how they may be improved for children with dementia.

Results

Psychological distress was reported by 72.5%, caregiver stress by 67%, chronic pain or discomfort by 43% and for 87.5% their child’s condition had a moderate or severe impact on their ability to do regular daily activities. Caregivers voiced a desire for more integrated care, increased general awareness and education around childhood dementia and a greater need for more trained support services.

Conclusions

Caregivers of children with dementia experience high levels of psychological distress, physical and social consequences. This study highlights the need for integrated care and psychosocial support to efficiently connect children and families with appropriate healthcare services and resources.
Chronic interdigital pilonidal sinus caused by dog hair
Authors: Smith Helen , Schmigylski Rudi , Malone Colin , Nale Krsty
Published: January 2025

We present a male patient in his early 70s with a cyclical 20-year history of a nodular papule affecting the left forefoot. On examination, ginger red-coloured hairs were evident within the sinus tract, correlating with the patient’s short-haired Hungarian Vizsla dogs. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of pilonidal sinus. The patient was referred to the orthopaedic department for surgical intervention. Interdigital pilonidal sinus is a rare phenomenon which has been described as an acquired occupational hazard; however, this case report will highlight the importance of clinical history-taking including pet ownership when assessing a patient for the first time in a clinical setting.
Giant sigmoid diverticulum
Authors: Ong Ming San Elaine , Ali Mafas , Sprakes Michael Bramwell , Burr Nicholas Ewin
Published: January 2025

Giant colonic diverticulum is an uncommon presentation of colonic diverticular disease. It is characterised by the presence of a diverticulum exceeding 4 cm in size, with approximately 90% of the cases involving the sigmoid colon. Typically, diagnosis relies on CT of the abdomen and pelvis (CTAP). The preferred treatment approach is sigmoid resection with a primary colonic anastomosis. However, in complicated or emergency cases, proctosigmoidectomy with end colostomy (Hartmann’s procedure) is often considered the safest surgical option.

We present an atypical case of a symptomatic patient with a giant sigmoid diverticulum that had increased in size and symptoms over several years. Initial diagnosis by CTAP revealed an incidental 6 cm sigmoid diverticulum. Over approximately 6 years, the diverticulum enlarged substantially, reaching 20 cm in size. This caused compression of the stomach and splinting of the left hemidiaphragm, resulting in nutritional failure. He was admitted with a plan to optimise for curative surgery; however complications such as nutritional failure and frailty developed, leading to a decision for palliative care.
Laparoscopic repair of Bochdalek hernia with intrathoracic kidney and concomitant redo-redo incisional hernia
Authors: Vacharathit Voranaddha , Tanangterapong Padet , Panumatrassamee Kamol , Manasnayakorn Sopark
Published: January 2025

Bochdalek hernias (BHs), though rare, are the most common congenital diaphragmatic hernias. Their coexistence with an ectopic intrathoracic kidney (IK), found in 0.25% of cases, is even rarer. Most IKs function normally; however, other than reported cases of BH-related obstruction, incarceration and strangulation, kidney-specific complications such as infection, obstruction and stone formation can occur. We present a patient presenting with a BH-IK in the setting of a symptomatic, multiply recurrent incisional hernia. Although there is no consensus on the best BH-IK repair technique, we propose that complete reduction and laparoscopic primary repair with mesh reinforcement using an intraperitoneal onlay mesh-plus technique are safe and feasible.
Seroma under the amniotic membrane following simple limbal epithelial transplantation
Authors: Sah Rishabh , Patel Nikunj , Sangwan Virender Singh
Published: January 2025

A woman in her 50s underwent simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) in the left eye for chemical injury with total limbal stem cell deficiency. A seroma, a hitherto unreported complication of the procedure was noted on the 10th postoperative day. It was associated with an accumulation of inflammatory cells and exudates in the inferior part of the amniotic membrane resembling a hypopyon. After careful exclusion of infectious keratitis on clinical examination, the bandage contact lens was removed and the seroma was drained with a 26G hypodermic needle. A small seroma reappeared over the central cornea 2 weeks later but no donor limbal tissue was seen to be detached from the corneal surface. The patient was managed conservatively. By the third postoperative month, the amniotic membrane disintegrated and the patient achieved an epithelised corneal surface with the relative clearing of the corneal stroma.
Unusual presentation of an aggressive ovarian malignancy in a young pregnant woman
Authors: Bhat Mamta , Inyang Francis , Konamme Shamprasad , Osman Inass
Published: January 2025

Cancer during pregnancy is uncommon. Symptoms caused by new cancers in pregnancy can be difficult to recognise leading to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Ovarian cancer during pregnancy poses a further diagnostic challenge due to the vague symptoms that it can present, along with difficulty in the interpretation of tumour markers. Presentation with acute abdominal pain, in the presence of an ovarian cyst, can be misdiagnosed as benign conditions such as ovarian torsion or haemorrhage.

We present a case of a highly aggressive small-cell ovarian carcinoma diagnosed in the third trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound and MRI scans provided some information on the complex nature of the ovarian cyst. She underwent laparotomy with salpingo-oophorectomy, which was followed by Caesarean birth 2 weeks later at 34+ weeks’ gestation. There was a rapid progression of disease between the two surgeries. Despite starting chemotherapy soon after, she became unwell after two cycles due to disease progression and suspected sepsis. She was unable to continue further treatment. She spent her last few days at home with her family. The final histology with specific stains confirmed the diagnosis of ovarian small cell carcinoma hypercalcaemic type.
Tuberous sclerosis complex: one disorder, three generations and an assortment of radiological and clinical presentations
Authors: Verma Saluja Komal , Sangar Priyanka , Pillai Drishya , Suman Chetan Prakash
Published: January 2025

This case report presents markedly different clinical and radiological manifestations of the same disease in a family over three consecutive generations with varying treatment strategies. The index case/proband primarily presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, bleeding per rectum and seizures. Further evaluation revealed bilateral renal angiomyolipoma and cerebral subependymal nodules, in conjunction with facial adenoma sebaceum, periungual fibromas and hypomelanotic ash-leaf macules. Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex, identifying a mutation in theTSC2gene.

The entire family was evaluated for inherited disorders, leading to the detection of tuberous sclerosis in three adult offspring and a grandchild. The uncharacteristic neurological and cardiac manifestations in the proband are noteworthy. Another important aspect is the missed diagnosis in patients despite obvious clinical features and interaction with healthcare facilities, reflecting a gap in disease awareness and a lack of clinical vigilance.