bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Об одном семействе универсальных функций хеширования
Authors: Nesterenko Alexey Yur'evich
Published: February 2018

Построено новое семейство сжимающих отображений с помощью нескольких биективных преобразований и отображений с заданными свойствами. Доказывается, что все функции из данного семейства являются универсальными функциями хеширования. Приводятся явные примеры функций из рассматриваемого семейства, которые могут использоваться при построении прикладных криптографических алгоритмов.
О бент-функциях на группе $\mathbb Z_{p^n}$
Authors: Shishkov Aleksei Borisovich
Published: February 2018

Показано, что бент-функции на группе $\mathbb Z_{p^n}$ ($p$ - простое) существуют только в случаях $n=2$ при $p=2$ и $n=1,2$ при $p>2$.
Критерии секретности ключа
Authors: Arbekov I M
Published: February 2018

В работе формализуется понятие практической секретности схемы шифрования, введенное К. Шенноном как «среднего объема работы, необходимой для определения ключа…», и вводится соответствующий критерий практической секретности ключа. Производится сравнение предложенного критерия с энтропийным критерием и критерием расстояния по вариации, используемыми в квантовой криптографии.
Оценки количества чисел со специальным разложением на простые множители
Authors: Rybakov Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: February 2018

В работе найдены интегральные формулы для некоторых обобщений известной функции Дикмана, позволяющие оценивать количество целых чисел из интервала большой длины, разлагающихся на простые множители со специфическими ограничениями. Эти формулы имеют пониженную кратность интегрирования и обобщают ранее известные формулы из работ Р. Ламберта, В. Х. Эккелькамп, а также автора.
On the concept of quantum hashing
Authors: Ablayev Farid Mansurovich , Ablayev Marat Faridovich
Published: February 2018

Понятие квантового хеширования вводится как естественное обобщение классического хеширования. Предлагаются определение квантового
хеширующего генератора и способ построения большого числа различных
квантовых хеширующих функций.
Построение основано на композиции классического $\varepsilon$-универсального семейства и заданного семейства функций - квантовых хеширующих генераторов.
Optimizing memory cost of multi-scalar multiplication
Authors: Grebnev Sergei Vladimirovich
Published: February 2018

Предлагается модификация разреженного представления для мультискалярного умножения, обеспечивающая эффективную балансировку эффективности и памяти. Кроме того, выявлена особенность исходного алгоритма, препятствующая использованию всех возможных оснований.
On differential properties of a symmetric cryptoalgorithm based on pseudo-dynamic substitutions
Authors: Kozhevnikov Aleksei Alekseevich , Polikarpov Sergey Vitaljevich , Rumyantsev Konstantin Evgen'evich
Published: February 2018

Предлагается общая структура блочного криптоалгоритма «Collapser», основанного на псевдодинамических подстановках. Такой подход позволяет использовать преимущества как фиксированных подстановок (высокую скорость реализации и эффективное использование вычислительных ресурсов), так и динамических подстановок (стойкость к статистическим методам криптоанализа). Проведено сравнение разностных свойств уменьшенного варианта «Collapser» и случайных подстановок такого же порядка. Показано, что после 3 раундов преобразование «Collapser» близко к случайной подстановке.
Quantum random number generator
Authors: Kravtsov Konstantin Sergeevich , Kulik Sergei Pavlovich , Radchenko Igor' Vasil'evich
Published: February 2018

Описан квантовый генератор случайных чисел (КГСЧ), основанный на истинно случайном процессе фотоэффекта, реализованный в виде отдельного модуля. Для устранения физических нерегулярностей компонент используется детерминистический алгоритм дополнительной обработки получаемых случайных чисел. Наша минималистская схема КГСЧ защищает от возможных утечек информации и пригодна для коммерческого использования. Предлагаемый КГСЧ порождает двоичную выходную последовательность с частотой 1.2 Мбит/сек, которая успешно проходит батарею статистических тестов НИСТ.
A timing attack on CUDA implementations of an AES-type block cipher
Authors: Fomin Denis Bonislavovich
Published: February 2018

Предлагается атака на реализацию блочного шифра типа AES на процессорах CUDA, основанная на времени выполнения шифрования. Эксперименты показали, что можно найти секретный $128$-битовый ключ AES по шифрованию $2^{32}$ подобранных блоков открытого текста. Этот подход применим к AES с ключами других размеров и, более того, к любому блочному шифру, в котором линейное преобразование состоит из линейных преобразований двух типов, действующих на части состояния.
Parsimonious models of high-order Markov chains for evaluation of cryptographic generators
Authors: Kharin Yurii Semenovich
Published: February 2018

Экономные (малопараметрические) сложные цепи Маркова, определяющиеся небольшим числом параметров, могут использоваться как модели выходных последовательностей криптографических генераторов и их блоков. Представлены методы статистической идентификации (оценивания параметров и проверки гипотез) по наблюдаемой выходной последовательности для модели Якобса-Льюиса, модели Рафтери, цепей Маркова с частичными связями, цепей Маркова условного порядка.
The first digit sequence of skew linear recurrence of maximal period over Galois ring
Authors: Goltvanitsa M A
Published: February 2018

Найдены значения ранга первой разрядной последовательности скрученной линейной рекурренты максимального периода при естественных предположениях о разрядном множестве.
Спектральный критерий для проверки гипотез о случайных подстановках
Authors: Denisov Oleg Viktorovich
Published: February 2018

Пусть для каждой из $N$ независимых одинаково распределенных случайных подстановок наблюдается пара, состоящая из случайного равномерно распределенного аргумента и соответствующего значения подстановки. Рассматривается задача проверки гипотезы о равновероятности подстановок против гипотезы о том, что они получены как произведения $r$ независимых подстановок с известным распределением. Предлагается и изучается критерий, который строится по собственным векторам матриц вероятностей переходов аргументов в значения.
Нелинейность одного класса булевых функций, построенных с использованием двоичных разрядных последовательностей линейных рекуррент над кольцом $\mathbb Z_{2^n}$
Authors: Kamlovskii Oleg Vital'evich
Published: February 2018

В работе с использованием двоичных разрядных последовательностей линейных рекуррент над кольцом вычетов по модулю $2^n$ строится класс булевых функций. Для этого класса функций получены оценки снизу их коэффициентов нелинейности.
The stability of sets of solutions for systems of equations with random distortions
Authors: Mikhailov Vladimir Gavrilovich , Volgin Artem Vladimirovich
Published: February 2018

Пусть в одной системе уравнений левые части являются функциями из $\{0,1,…,N-1\}$ в $\{0,1\}$, а в другой системе уравнения получены из уравнений первой случайными заменами части значений этих функций противоположными. Получены условия на вероятностные законы искажений функций, при которых множество решений искаженной системы включает в себя полностью или частично множество решений исходной системы или не пересекается с ним.
Три подхода к понятию функций, максимально отличающихся от гомоморфизмов
Authors: Solodovnikov Viktor Igorevich
Published: February 2018

Для функций (отображений) из конечной группы в конечную группу рассматриваются три подхода к понятию функций, максимально отличающихся от гомоморфизмов. В основу этих подходов положено понятие "близость функций", альтернативное понятию "расстояние Хэмминга между функциями". Обобщены и развиты понятия абсолютной негомоморфности функции, минимальной близости функции к гомоморфизмам и бент-функции.
Hижние оценки рангов координатных последовательностей линейных рекуррент максимального периода над собственным кольцом Галуа
Authors: Tsypyschev Vadim Nikolaevich
Published: February 2018

Кольцо Галуа называется собственным, если оно отлично от поля и от кольца вычетов. Для линейной рекурренты максимального периода над собственным кольцом Галуа $R=GR(q^n,p^n)$, $p\ge5$, получены нижние оценки рангов координатных последовательностей c такими номерами $s$, что $s=kr+2$, $r=\lg_pq$, $k\in\mathbb N_0$.
Обзор уязвимостей некоторых протоколов выработки общего ключа с аутентификацией на основе пароля и принципы построения протокола SESPAKE
Authors: Alekseev Evgeny Konstantinovich , Akhmetzyanova L R , Oshkin Igor' Borisovich , Smyshlyaev Stanislav Vitalevich
Published: February 2018

Рассматривается семейство протоколов, позволяющих сторонам, имеющим малоэнтропийный общий секрет (пароль), выработать высокоэнтропийный общий ключ, взаимодействуя по незащищенному каналу. Предполагается, что противник может проверить истинность предполагаемого пароля, только вступив в активное взаимодействие с одной из сторон. Приводится обзор известных уязвимостей протоколов этого семейства. На их примерах объясняются основные принципы построения российского протокола SESPAKE.
О приближении дискретных функций линейными функциями
Authors: Glukhov Mikhail Mikhailovich
Published: February 2018

Перечисляется ряд результатов по планарным, совершенно и почти совершенно нелинейным функциям, устанавливается перемешивающее свойство PN-функций, найдены новые необходимые условия для APN-функций над полем $F_2$ при четном числе аргументов $n$, определяется понятие планарной функции на квазигруппах и доказывается критерий планарности отображения одной квазигруппы в другую.
Об асимптотической нормальности чисел появлений знаков в неравновероятной мультициклической случайной последовательности по модулю 4
Authors: Mezhennaya Natalia Mikhailovna , Mikhailov Vladimir Gavrilovich
Published: February 2018

Указаны условия асимптотической нормальности вектора частот появления знаков на цикле неравновероятной мультициклической случайной последовательности по модулю 4.
A security proof for key exchange protocols
Authors: Phong Trieu Quang , Toan N Q , Thanh K X
Published: February 2018

Предлагается модулярный метод доказательства защищенности протоколов обмена ключами в модифицированной модели Белара-Рогавея, введенной К. Кудла и К. Г. Патерсоном. Этот метод использован для преобразования Протокола 1 из их статьи в Протокол 2 и анализа его защищенности в этой модели. Протоколы 1 и 2 различаются только комбинацией разового
и постоянного секретных ключей при вычислении сеансового ключа. Наш метод доказательства того, что Протокол обеспечивает сильное партнерство, можно применить при доказательстве аналогичного утверждения К. Кудла и К. Г. Патерсона.
Криптографически слабые функции усложнения для трехчленных линейных рекуррентных последовательностей
Authors: Malyshev Fedor Mikhailovich
Published: February 2018

Рассматриваются фильтрующие генераторы псевдослучайных последовательностей с входной двоичной трехчленной линейной рекуррентной последовательностью. Указано несколько классов булевых функций усложнения, допускающих построение линейных соотношений между начальными знаками рекуррентной последовательности при наличии специальных фрагментов в выходной последовательности. Допустимость использования таких функций в фильтрующих генераторах требует дополнительных обоснований.
Число разложений случайной подстановки в композицию двух инволюций с заданным циклом в одном из сомножителей
Authors: Mikhailov Vladimir Gavrilovich
Published: February 2018

Исследуется число разложений случайной равновероятной подстановки порядка n в композицию двух инволюций при фиксации цикла в
одном из сомножителей. Доказаны теоремы об асимптотической нормальности логарифма числа таких разложений при $n\to\infty$.
Lower bounds for the practical secrecy of a key
Authors: Arbekov I M
Published: February 2018

В работе получены нижние оценки практической секретности ключа. Практическая секретность определяется как среднее число опробованных ключей до определения ключа шифрования. Для определения ключа шифрования мы используем усеченные алгоритма поиска ключа, имеющие некоторые вероятности успеха. Нижняя оценка практической секретности выражается через предельное значение вероятности успеха и расстояние по вариации между распределением ключей и равномерным распределением.
Analysis of Russian key-agreement protocols using automated verification tools
Authors: Semenov Aleksandr Mikhailovich
Published: February 2018

Работа посвящена изучению соответствия ряда российских криптографических протоколов определенному набору свойств безопасности. Анализ проводился в связи с возможной стандартизацией в Российской Федерации этих решений. С помощью доступных в сети Интернет программных средств автоматической верификации криптографических протоколов, таких как Proverif, AVISPA-SPAN и Scyther, проведен анализ указанных протоколов, найден ряд уязвимостей и предложены пути их исправления.
Многомерный линейный метод и показатели рассеивания линейной среды шифрпреобразований
Authors: Erokhin Aleksei Vladimirovich , Malyshev Fedor Mikhailovich , Trishin Andrei Evgen'evich
Published: February 2018

Дано описание многомерного линейного метода криптографического анализа шифрпреобразований, в которых наложение ключевых бит
происходит покомпонентно по $\mod 2$. Устанавлена его связь с обычным
(одномерным) линейным методом. Уточняются понятия показателей рассеивания линейной среды и линейных преобразований, используемых в алгоритмах
блочного шифрования.
Полное описание одного класса MDS-матриц над конечным полем характеристики 2
Authors: Anashkin A V
Published: February 2018

Приводится полное описание множества MDS-матриц размера $n\times n$, $n>3$, над полем $GF(2^t)$, $t>1$, элементы которых принадлежат множеству $\{e,\alpha,\alpha^2\}$, где $e$ - единица поля, $\alpha\ne0$, $e$. Доказано, что при $n\geqslant6$ таких матриц не существует. При $n = 4, 5$ указаны необходимые и достаточные условия существования MDS-матриц среди матриц с элементами из множества $\{e,\alpha,\alpha^2\}$.
Presentación Vol.13
Authors: Zelaya Ochoa Marysabel
Published: February 2018

No resumen.
Caracterización demográfica de jóvenes muertos por homicidios en Honduras, periodo 2009-2013
Authors: Cabrera Zila
Published: February 2018

Según los datos las estadísticas de muertes por homicidio revelan que en Honduras sólo entre los años 2009 y 2013, se reportaron un total de 32,537 homicidios a nivel nacional, en este contexto el Instituto Universitario de Democracia, Paz y Seguridad (IUDPAS, 2012) considera al homicidio la principal causa de muerte en el país.La caracterización sociodemográfica de población muerta por homicidio en Honduras en el quinquenio de 2009 a 2013, identificó que en su mayoría el principal móvil de muerte por homicidio estuvo relacionado con el sicariato, es decir muerte por encargo.La mayor incidencia de homicidios se dio entre los hombres en edades de 25 y 29 sin ocupación específica, con un arma de fuego al recibir siete o más disparos. La mayoría de estos homicidios tienen lugar en áreas urbanas en la región norte del país y en espacios públicos.El impacto en años de vida potencialmente perdidos debido a homicidios en mujeres y hombres jóvenes en edades de 15 y 34 años, entre 2009 y 2013, es de 937,009 años, es decir, personas que dejaron de producir económicamente, intelectualmente, además de los costos invisibles a terceros.
Mortalidad proporcional en tres años, Hospital San Felipe, M.D.C.
Authors: Romero María Guadalupe , Garay Ingrid Carolina
Published: February 2018

Existe una serie de indicadores que son utilizados para medir las condiciones de salud de una población. Al implementarse la estrategia de Salud para todos en los años 80´s, se planteó el uso de 12 indicadores entre los que se encontraba el de mortalidad, el que es un indicador de resultado y es un excelente instrumento de trabajo para las autoridades de los países en vías de desarrollo. Basado en lo anterior, el presente estudio es de diseño transversal y retrospectivo, incluye datos de tres años, 2014, 2015 y 2016, haciendo énfasis en la mortalidad proporcional por causa, siendo la primera causa de muerte, el cáncer, la segunda causa, la septicemia y las siguientes causas de muerte están todas relacionadas con las enfermedades no transmisibles. Siendo un hospital nacional de referencia que incluye el servicio de maternidad, también se incluye como la última causa de muerte la relacionada con afecciones que atañen al grupo menores de un año de edad. Cada una de estas causas están relacionadas con factores de riesgo específicos que se deben tomar en cuenta para la planificación de programas de prevención sobre todo en el análisis de la información que posteriormente a la revisión de los mismos permite conocer el comportamiento en los años expuestos, razón por la cual deben ser tomados en cuenta para la planificación de los servicios del hospital y de toda la red hospitalaria del país. La mortalidad hospitalaria aún con la limitación de ser un indicador negativo de salud, constituye un aspecto muy importante en la investigación clínica y epidemiológica y en elconocimiento de los problemas de salud de la población que acude al hospital.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 11, No. 3
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: February 2018

International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 3 Alireza Athari, Eastern Mediterranean University, IranAnna Paola Micheli, Univrtsity of Cassino and Southern Lazio, ItalyAntônio André Cunha Callado, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernmabuco, BrazilAtallah Ahmad Alhosban, Aqaba University of Technology , JordanAurelija Burinskiene, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LithuaniaClaudia Isac, University of Petrosani, RomaniaEunju Lee, University of Massachusetts Lowell, USAFederica Caboni, University of Cagliari, ItalyFlorin Ionita, The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, RomaniaGiuseppe Granata, University of Cassino and Southen Lazio, ItalyGuillaume Marceau, University of Aix-Marseille, FranceHanna Trojanowska, Warsaw University of Technology, PolandHerald Monis, Milagres College, IndiaHung-Che Wu, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, ChinaImran Riaz Malik, IQRA University, PakistanIsam Saleh, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, JordanKaren Gulliver, Argosy University, Twin Cities, USALadislav Mura, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, SlovakiaMarcelino José Jorge, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, BrazilMichaela Maria Schaffhauser-Linzatti, University of Vienna, AustriaModar Abdullatif, Middle East University, JordanMohamed Abdel Rahman Salih, Taibah University, Saudi ArabiaMohsen Malekalketab Khiabani, University Technology Malaysia, MalaysiaMuath Eleswed, American University of Kuwait, USAOnur Köprülü, Mersin University, TurkeyÖzcan IŞIK, Cumhuriyet University, TurkeyPascal Stiefenhofer, University of Brighton, UKRaphaël Dornier, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, FranceRiccardo Cimini, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, ItalyRoberto Campos da Rocha Miranda, University Center Iesb, BrazilSumathisri Bhoopalan, SASTRA Deemed to be University, IndiaValerija Botric, The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, CroatiaYan Lu, University of Central Florida, USA
Social Presence Antecedents and Consequences in Massive Open Online Courses
Authors: Imlawi Jehad M
Published: February 2018

A massive open online course (MOOC) is an emerging online courses platform that solicited a massive participation, because it is accessible through the Internet. Students, who seek open courses in MOOCs, are influenced by the degree of social presence they perceive when interacting in such online learning communities. The online community design artifacts, that promote social presence in MOOCs websites, are critical to foster online students’ behavior.This study aimed to investigate a thorough list of online community design artifacts that could influence social presence perception in MOOCs websites. The list included categories related to the MOOCs instructor, students, and the MOOCs website. The study also investigates the impact of social presence on students’ behavior; satisfaction, enjoyment, and their attitude toward the website.To validate the research model, an online survey was utilized. Results indicated that the model explained a great share of the variance for the social presence.
Role of E-retailer’s Image in Online Consumer Behaviour – Empirical Findings from E-customers’ Perspective in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ansari Zaid Ahmad , Qadri Faran Ahmed
Published: February 2018

Retailing business especially E-retailing is being considered one of the most dynamic and rapidly changing sectors of most of the emerging nations including Saudi Arabia. Nowadays, rapid changes in technological environment i.e. use of internet, availability of social media instruments etc. especially in e-retailing business have attracted the researchers to explore various issues of significance in online marketing. The objective of the present study is to demonstrate the significance and importance of e-retailers image on online shopping behavior of consumers. Structured and self-framed questionnaire consisting 15 questions (variables) with five (5) point Likert Scale has been considered as research instrument in the present study. To ensure the appropriateness of research instrument, Factor Analysis method has been used. Reliability of Questionnaire used in study was found very high (Cronbach Alpha value .956). After Factor Analysis procedure, two (2) factors consisting fifteen (15) variables i.e. ‘Reliability Quality’ with eight (8) variables and ‘Payment Option’ with seven (7) variables) has been extracted with 36.351 and 35.004 per cent variation respectively with overall variation of 71.355 per cent. All the variables extracted in factor analysis part have been found very much significant and important because their mean values were much higher than the midpoint. Among all the variables ‘Range of Product Selection’ has been found most dominant and ‘Loyalty Programs of the e-retailer’ has been found least important. Further discussion has been made in the study regarding analysis results. The results will be useful for the e-retailers especially in Saudi Arabia and middle-east and also outside the region. The e-retailers can plan their area of focus based on the findings of the study.
Innovation Adoption in Mexican Small Family Firms
Authors: Pinzón-Castro Sandra Yesenia , Maldonado-Guzmán Gonzalo , Marín-Aguilar José Trinidad
Published: February 2018

Innovation is a topic that has been widely analyzed and discussed in the literature of business and management sciences and there a far and wide consensus among scholars, researchers and professionals that innovation activities should be considered not only as a business strategy but also as a daily activity in enterprises, especially in small and medium-sized ones. However, a high percentage of theoretical and empirical published investigations have focused in the innovation activities of big enterprises while only a small percentage has analyzed this construct in small and medium-sized enterprises. Only a few of them have focused in small, family-owned enterprises even when this type of business is the most representative of the economy and society in country around the world. Therefore, the main goal of this empirical research is the analysis of adopting innovation activities in small, family-owned businesses in an emerging country, as it is the case of Mexico. The results obtained show that there is a clear adoption of innovation in products, processes and management systems from small family businesses.
Reproducible research and GIScience: an evaluation using AGILE conference papers
Authors: Nüst Daniel , Granell Carlos , Hofer Barbara , Konkol Markus , Ostermann Frank O , Sileryte Rusne , Cerutti Valentina
Published: February 2018

The demand for reproducibility of research is on the rise in disciplines concerned with data analysis and computational methods. In this work existing recommendations for reproducible research are reviewed and translated into criteria for assessing reproducibility of articles in the field of geographic information science (GIScience). Using a sample of GIScience research from the Association of Geographic Information Laboratories in Europe (AGILE) conference series, we assess the current state of reproducibility of publications in this field. Feedback on the assessment was collected by surveying the authors of the sample papers. The results show the reproducibility levels are low. Although authors support the ideals, the incentives are too small. Therefore we propose concrete actions for individual researchers and the AGILE conference series to improve transparency and reproducibility, such as imparting data and software skills, an award, paper badges, author guidelines for computational research, and Open Access publications.
Comparing antecedents for Norwegian, Swedish, and Finnish youths’ agentic beliefs in informal online learning
Authors: Elstad Eyvind , Arnesen Thomas , Christophersen Knut Andreas
Published: February 2018

Technology has become an ever-present factor in virtually every contemporary situation, and digital media has gained a significant role in the lives of young people. This article explores and compares the antecedents for agentic beliefs in informal online learning amongst young people in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The promotion of such agentic beliefs in informal online learning is an important task for school systems that seek to prepare young people for responsible citizenship, capable of directing their own lives and supporting others. A sample of 3045 urban Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian students in general study programs (15–17-year-olds) participated in a cross-sectional questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was used for analysis. We discovered that the patterns in some of these relations were astonishingly similar in Sweden, Norway, and Finland. In each of these countries, online culture, defined in terms of free choice and self-actualisation by using internet, is positively associated with agentic beliefs and with time online. A duality in school and internet orientation demonstrates that the educational systems in these three countries face challenges to build bridges between the attitudes of youth and the emphasis on knowledge found in traditional educational subjects. Furthermore, the agentic beliefs of youngsters in these three countries differ depending on the degree to which youths value education.
Avaliadores, autores e informações editoriais
Authors: Santos Glauber Eduardo de Oliveira
Published: February 2018

Avaliadores atuantes em 2017, autores e informações editoriais.
Anti‐inflammatory properties of ophioglonin derived from the fern Ophioglossum vulgatum L. via inactivating NF‐κB and MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqing , Tian Cheng , Yao Dan , Li Siqi , Lv Junjiang , Chen Yongwen , Huang Xiaoyong
Published: October 2024

Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds that have therapeutic effects on human health. Ophioglossum vulgatum L. is a representative species of the fern genus Ophioglossum that has anti‐inflammatory properties as recognized in folk medicine. Herein, we performed a nitric oxide (NO) assay‐guided screening in RAW264.7 cells to investigate the active components of the plant. We found that ophioglonin (OPN), a characteristic homoflavonoid of the genus Ophioglossum, is one of the bioactive components. Therefore, we performed a comparative analysis of the isolated compounds and found that OPN has effects similar to those of isolated dihydroquercetin and luteolin at the concentrations tested. The antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of OPN were extensively validated using lipopolysaccharide ‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells, mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs), and peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs). In vivo experiments with a carrageenan‐induced mouse paw edema model further confirmed the anti‐inflammatory effect of OPN. Additionally, we found that OPN and Ophioglossum vulgatum extracts inhibit the activation of signal transducers, NF‐ĸB p65, IĸBα, ERK, p38, and JNK, consistent with the findings of pathway enrichment analysis. This work reinforces the anti‐inflammatory properties of Ophioglossum vulgatum and indicates that OPN is a promising therapeutic agent for inflammation‐associated disorders. Further clinical evaluations, including clinical trials, would be beneficial to validate the anti‐inflammatory properties of OPN.
Idaho libraries to provide private spaces for SUD telehealth treatment
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2024

Called the “Third Space Project,” Idaho libraries will provide space for telehealth treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs), with an emphasis on serving rural and high‐need communities. The state Division of Behavioral Health Substance Use Disorder Unit is leading the project in partnership with the Idaho Commission for Libraries (ICfL), with funding by a $500,000 grant from the American Rescue Plan Act's 2021 Substance Use Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery Services Block Grant supplemental.
OASAS will deliver free test strips and naloxone to New Yorkers
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2024

New Yorkers can get free fentanyl test strips, xylazine test strips and/or naloxone from the state Office of Addiction Services and Supports (OASAS). These can be requested from the local Opioid Overdose Prevention Program or a pharmacy, according to OASAS, if supplies are needed immediately. For a directory of Opioid Overdose Prevention Programs, go here. Delivery will take two weeks, according to OASAS. To order the test strips and naloxone, submit a request through the website: https://forms.ny.gov/s3/Harm‐Reduction‐Order‐Form. The initiative is paid for by the Opioid Settlement Fund.
Recent Progress in Liquid Electrolytes for High‐Energy Lithium–Metal Batteries: From Molecular Engineering to Applications
Authors: Li Nan , Han Xue , Cui Xinke , Xu Chaohe , Mao Chong , Dai Xiaobing , Xue Weijiang
Published: October 2024

Lithium–metal batteries (LMBs) have garnered significant interests for their promising high gravimetric energy density (Eg) ∼ 750 Wh kg−1. However, the practical application of the LMBs is plagued by the high reactivity and large volume change during charging–discharging of the lithium–metal anode (LMA), seriously deteriorating the battery safety and cycle life. Great efforts have been devoted to tailoring the electrolytes to favor the Li–metal electroplating by uniformizing the deposition morphology and by suppressing the side reactions between electrolytes and LMA. The aggressive chemistries of both the LMA and its high‐voltage counterpart give new electrolyte components more opportunities, especially designing via molecular engineering. Here, a comprehensive and in‐depth overview of the scientific challenges, fundamental mechanisms, and particularly historical strategies of designing new molecules for electrolyte components including solvents, salts, and additives. Their important roles in tuning the Li+ solvation structure, interface composition, decomposition pathways, and the resultant electrochemical performance of LMBs are also presented. Finally, novel insights and promising research directions from the practical application viewpoints are proposed for future electrolyte designs for high‐voltage LMBs.
A Rapid Synthesis of Amorphous LiTaOCl4 Solid Electrolytes Through a Two‐Step Reaction Pathway for High‐Rate and Long‐Cycling Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Lin , Jiang Ziling , Yang Jie , Liu Chen , Luo Qiyue , Li Siwu , Zhang Long , Chen Xia , Cheng Shijie , Yu Chuang
Published: October 2024

A simplified process to prepare solid electrolytes (SEs) that fulfill long cyclability, fast‐charging performance, and wide‐temperature feasibility in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) is important. Here, amorphous LiTaOCl4 (aLTOC) SE is synthesized within only four hours via a two‐step reaction by high‐energy ball milling method, which exhibits high ionic conductivity and excellent interfacial compatibility. A bilayer SE based on aLTOC and sulfide along with corresponding ASSLBs, are constructed. Furthermore, slight evolution of the unusual microstructure in the chloride/sulfur interfacial region is observed and analyzed. Density functional theory calculations show that S tends to displace O sites in TaO2Cl4 octahedra instead of Cl sites. As a result of the enhanced interfacial stability and reduced formation of ionically insulating phases, the assembled ASSLBs achieve superior rate performance and cyclability in a wide temperature range. Notably, the ASSLBs show capacity retention of 84.4% and 77.6% after 2000 and 1000 cycles at current density of 10C at 30 and 60 °C, respectively. Importantly, even under −20 °C, the cell works stably over 1600 cycles with capacity retention of 76.3% at 0.5C. The work pave the way for the massive production of high‐performance amorphous chloride electrolytes and the realization of fast‐charging ASSLBs with long cycle life.
Exploring the Potential of Halide Electrolytes for Next‐Generation All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wu Jinghua , Li Jiahao , Yao Xiayin
Published: October 2024

All‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are expected to revolutionize large‐scale energy storage and electric vehicles due to their exceptional safety and high energy density. Central to this technology is the development of solid electrolytes, with halide electrolytes emerging as highly promising candidates, offering high ionic conductivity, robust electrochemical stability and excellent mechanical properties. Since the breakthrough discovery of Li3YCl6 in 2018, research on halide electrolytes has entered a new era. However, despite continuous research efforts, practical challenges persist in their application, including the need to further enhance ionic conductivity, improve moisture resistance, and achieve better compatibility with electrode materials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress and ongoing challenges in halide electrolytes, examining crystal structures, conduction mechanisms, and scalable synthesis techniques. Various modification strategies are also explored aimed at boosting ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, with a particular focus on improving interface stability. Finally, future perspectives are outlined for designing high‐performance halide electrolyte materials, offering guidance for ongoing research efforts toward their commercial application in ASSLBs.
Plasmonic Copper‐Ruthenium Superstructure for Efficient Photothermal Conversion and Plastic Recycling
Authors: Chu Mingyu , Yan Penglei , Zhou Yuxuan , Lou Xiangxi , Li Chaoran , Cao Muhan , He Le , Zhang Qiao , Chen Jinxing
Published: October 2024

Plasmonic superstructures offer broad prospects in photothermal catalysis, yet their controllable synthesis remains a challenge. Here, a controlled synthesis method for Cu‐Ru plasmonic superstructures via a one‐step polyol reduction process is presented, where Cu nanoparticles serve as the core, while the shell is formed from Ru nanoclusters. Through a comprehensive investigation of the growth mechanism, precise control over the composition and size of the superstructures is achieved. Finite‐difference time‐domain  simulations and photothermal conversion experiments demonstrated that the optimized Cu3Ru1 superstructures possess strong light absorption capabilities and efficient photothermal conversion performance. These properties are effectively utilized in the photothermal recycling of waste polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate, marking a significant advance in employing Cu‐based plasmonic materials for sustainable catalytic technology.
An “Ion Harvester” Battery in Soil Empowered by a Microfluidic Pump and Interlayer Confinement within Micro‐Swiss‐Rolls
Authors: Tang Hongmei , Ferro Letícia M. M. , Karnaushenko Dmitriy D. , Selyshchev Oleksandr , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Wenlan , Egunov Aleksandr I. , Karnaushenko Daniil , Wang Jiawei , Luo Yumin , Zahn Dietrich R. T. , Zhu Minshen , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: October 2024

A significant challenge arises in powering distributed tiny sensors that gather high‐resolution soil data are crucial for advancing digital and geospatial technologies in the field. Traditional batteries and solar cells are unsuitable due to size mismatches. Microbial fuel cells lack stability in delivering constant power. Soil naturally contains redox‐active ions, such as Zn2+ and Mn2+, which can be harvested and utilized for electrochemical energy storage. To facilitate access to soluble ions, a microfluidic pump based on micro‐Swiss‐roll structures via micro‐origami is developed. Spontaneous capillary flow allows for efficient liquid extraction. The micro‐Swiss‐roll architecture shows significant improvements in redox reversibility and charge transfer within micrometer‐thick interlayer space. Notably, the interference of Zn0/2+ and Mn(II)/Mn(IV) reactions is suppressed. Consequently, the battery using a micro‐Swiss‐roll electrode shows high voltage and energy efficiency at high currents up to 10 µA, with cycling stability of 300 times. A twin‐micro‐Swiss‐roll architecture of 0.385 ± 0.006 mm2 is used for energy storage in wet soil, yielding over 40 times more energy as compared to soil‐microbial fuel cells. A conceptual demonstration of an integrated irrigation water sensor and micro‐Swiss‐roll battery highlights the potential of microbattery development in addressing the critical challenge of powering tiny sensors in the soil.
MOF‐Enhanced Phototherapeutic Wound Dressings Against Drug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Yu Zhihao , Fu Xiali , Lucas Theotim , Zhao Heng , Chen Changchong , Dubail Iharilalao , Chen Yong , Patriarche Gilles , Gateau Jérôme , Gazeau Florence , Jamet Anne , Lepoitevin Mathilde , Serre Christian
Published: October 2024

Phototherapy is a low‐risk alternative to traditional antibiotics against drug‐resistant bacterial infections. However, optimizing phototherapy agents, refining treatment conditions, and addressing misuse of agents, remain a formidable challenge. This study introduces a novel concept leveraging the unique customizability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to house size‐matched dye molecules in “single rooms”. The mesoporous iron(III) carboxylate nanoMOF, MIL‐100(Fe), and the hydrophobic heptamethine cyanine photothermal dye (Cy7), IR775, are selected as model systems. Their combination is predicted to minimize dye–dye interactions, leading to exceptional photostability and efficient light‐to‐heat conversion. Furthermore, MIL‐100(Fe) preserves the antimicrobial nature of hydrophobic IR775, enabling it to disrupt bacterial cell envelopes. Through electrospinning, MIL‐100(Fe)@IR775 nanoparticles are shaped into a gelatin‐based film dressing for the treatment of skin wounds infected by Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Activation of the dressing requires only a portable near‐infrared light‐emitting diode (NIR LED) and induces both low‐dose photodynamic therapy (LPDT) and mild‐temperature photothermal therapy (MPTT). Combined with the antimicrobial properties of IR775 and ferroptosis‐like lipid peroxidation induced by MIL‐100(Fe), the photoactive dressing eradicates MRSA and the healing is as quick as the uninfected wounds. This safe, cost‐effective, and multifunctional therapeutic wound dressing offers a promising solution to overcome the current bottleneck in phototherapy.
A TLR7 Agonist Conjugated to a Nanofibrous Peptide Hydrogel as a Potent Vaccine Adjuvant
Authors: Euliano Erin M. , Pogostin Brett H. , Agrawal Anushka , Yu Marina H. , Baryakova Tsvetelina H. , Graf Tyler P. , Kunkel Alyssa A. , Cahue Kiana A. , Hartgerink Jeffrey D. , McHugh Kevin J.
Published: October 2024

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen‐ and damage‐associated molecular patterns and, in turn, trigger the release of cytokines and other immunostimulatory molecules. As a result, TLR agonists are increasingly being investigated as vaccine adjuvants. Many of these agonists are small molecules that quickly diffuse away from the vaccination site, limiting their co‐localization with antigens and, thus, their effect. Here, the small‐molecule TLR7 agonist 1V209 is conjugated to a positively‐charged multidomain peptide (MDP) hydrogel, K2, which was previously shown to act as an adjuvant promoting humoral immunity. Mixing the 1V209‐conjugated K2 50:50 with the unfunctionalized K2 produces hydrogels that retain the shear‐thinning and self‐healing physical properties of the original MDP while improving the solubility of 1V209 more than 200‐fold compared to the unconjugated molecule. When co‐delivered with ovalbumin as a model antigen, 1V209‐functionalized K2 produces a robust Th2 immune response and an antigen‐specific Th1 immune response superior to alum, a widely used vaccine adjuvant. Together, these results suggest that K2 MDP hydrogels functionalized with 1V209 are a promising adjuvant for vaccines against infectious diseases, especially those benefiting from a combined Th1 and Th2 immune response.
A Versatile Microporous Design toward Toughened yet Softened Self‐Healing Materials
Authors: Sun FuYao , Zhang JingYi , Liu Tong , Yao Hai , Wang Lin , Meng HengYu , Gao YunLong , Cao YanFeng , Yao BoWen , Xu JianHua , Fu JiaJun
Published: October 2024

Realizing the full potential of self‐healing materials in stretchable electronics necessitates not only low modulus to enable high adaptivity, but also high toughness to resist crack propagation. However, existing toughening strategies for soft self‐healing materials have only modestly improves mechanical dissipation near the crack tip (ГD), and invariably compromise the material's inherent softness and autonomous healing capabilities. Here, a synthetic microporous architecture is demonstrated that unprecedently toughens and softens self‐healing materials without impacting their intrinsic self‐healing kinetics. This microporous structure spreads energy dissipation across the entire material through a bran‐new dissipative mode of adaptable crack movement (ГA), which substantially increases the fracture toughness by 31.6 times, from 3.19 to 100.86 kJ m−2, and the fractocohesive length by 20.7 times, from 0.59 mm to 12.24 mm. This combination of unprecedented fracture toughness (100.86 kJ m−2) and centimeter‐scale fractocohesive length (1.23 cm) surpasses all previous records for synthetic soft self‐healing materials and even exceeds those of light alloys. Coupled with significantly enhanced softness (0.43 MPa) and nearly perfect autonomous self‐healing efficiency (≈100%), this robust material is ideal for constructing durable kirigami electronics for wearable devices.
Air‐Processed Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells With Full Lifecycle Management
Authors: Tian Chuanming , Wu Tianhao , Zhou Xinliang , Zhao Yu , Li Bin , Han Xuefei , Li Kerui , Hou Chengyi , Li Yaogang , Wang Hongzhi , Zhang Qinghong
Published: October 2024

Despite the outstanding power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) realized over the years, the entire lifecycle from preparation and operation to discarding of PSCs still needs to be carefully considered when it faces the upcoming large‐scale production and deployment. In this study, bio‐derived chitin‐based polymers are employed to realize the full lifecycle regulation of air‐processed PSCs by forming multiple coordinated and hydrogen bonds to stabilize the lead iodide and organic salt precursor inks, accelerating the solid–liquid reaction and crystallization of two‐step deposition process, then achieving the high crystalline and oriented perovskites with less notorious charge defects in the open air. The air‐prepared PSCs exhibit a decent efficiency of 25.18% with high preparation reproducibility and improved operational stability toward the harsh environment and mechanical stress stimuli. The modified PSCs display negligible fatigue behavior with keeping 92% of its initial efficiency after operating for 32 diurnal cycles (ISOS‐LC‐1 protocol). Meanwhile, closed‐loop lead management of end‐of‐life PSCs including suppression of lead leakage, toxicity evaluation of broken devices, and recycling of lead iodide components are comprehensively investigated. This work sheds light on a promising avenue to realize the entire lifecycle regulation of air‐processed efficient and stable PSCs.
Bifunctional Fluorocarbon Electrode Additive Lowers the Salt Dependence of Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Liu Binghang , Ma Jintao , Feng Jingnan , Lin Ting , Suo Liumin
Published: October 2024

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a crucial role in extending the life of aqueous batteries. The traditional anion‐derived SEI formation in aqueous electrolytes highly depends on high‐concentrated organic fluorinating salts, resulting in low forming efficiency and long‐term consumption. In response, this study proposes a bifunctional fluorocarbon electrode additive (BFEA) that enables electrochemical pre‐reduction instead of TFSI anion to form the LiF‐rich SEI and in situ produce conductive graphite inside the anode before the lithiation. The BFEA lowers the salt dependence of aqueous electrolytes, enabling the inorganic LiCl electrolyte to work first, but also successfully achieves a high SEI formation efficiency in the relatively low 10 m LiTFSI without mass transfer concerns, suppressing the parasitic hydrogen evolution from 11.24 to 4.35 nmol min−1. Besides, BFEA strengthens the intrinsic superiority of Li storage reaction by lowering battery polarization resulting from the in situ production of graphite, promoting charge transfer of electrode kinetics. Compared with the control group, the demonstrated Ah‐level pouch cell employing BFEA exhibits better cycle stability above 300 cycles with higher capacity retention of 78.2% and the lower decay of the round‐trip efficiency (△RTE = 2%), benefiting for maintaining the high efficiency and reducing heat accumulation in large‐scale electric energy storage.
Free‐Standing, Multifunctional Thermoelectric and Acoustic Absorbing Nanocomposite Foams
Authors: Liu Rui Yang , Sun Yu‐Chen , Liu Szu‐Ling , Fang Weiqing , Li Terek , Martinez‐Rubi Yadienka , Jakubinek Michael , Ashrafi Behnam , Kingston Christopher , Naguib Hani E.
Published: October 2024

Thermoelectric materials are potential energy harvesting technologies that enable direct, clean conversion between thermal and electrical energy. The efficacy of thermoelectric energy conversion is influenced by the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient. Flexibility, manufacturability, and cost‐effectiveness are also important factors. Polymeric nanocomposites offer advantages in these respects. However, the development of conductive‐polymer thermoelectric materials is limited to an in‐plane architecture, which does not resemble common real‐world scenarios. Moreover, existing works have low thermoelectric properties or rely on additives for performance improvement. In this work, a free‐standing thermoelectric nanocomposite foam is fabricated via the integration of thermally activated microspheres. Due to the microstructure, a thermal conductivity as low as 0.03 W m−1 K−1 is achieved, which is lower than reported for aerogels fabricated via freeze‐drying methods. Additionally, the nanocomposite foam can reach a maximum electrical conductivity of 1.13 S cm−1, power factor of 0.12 µW m−1 K−2, and thermoelectric figure of merit of 3.0 × 10−4. The study also evaluated the compressive stiffness and demonstrated the potential for sound absorption. With the unique combination of the thermoelectric, sound absorption, and mechanical behavior, these nanocomposite foams would offer versatile solutions to address the next generation energy harvesting and acoustic absorption applications.