bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corneal Thickness after MyoRing Implantation for Keratoconus
Authors: Daxer Albert
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To analyze the corneal thickness development after MyoRing implantation as a tissue-related indicator of keratoconus progression.

Materials and methods

Twelve eyes suffering from keratoconus were treated for visual rehabilitation by means of MyoRing implantation into a corneal pocket. The postoperative development of the corneal thickness at the thinnest point was analyzed. Follow-up ranged from 16 to 74 months (mean 37 months).

Results

Out of the 12 eyes only one eye showed a thinner cornea at the last follow-up 60 months after MyoRing implan-tation compared to the last preoperative data. None of these 12 eyes required an additional intervention like corneal cross-linking, explantation or keratoplasty. Four eyes showed even thickening of the cornea during the postoperative period.

Conclusion

MyoRing implantation for keratoconus does not only allow visual rehabilitation. It also seems to stop the progression of the disease by creating a new biomechanical equilibrium within the tissue which eliminates a constant stimulus that drives the vicious circle of progression.

How to cite this article

Daxer A. Corneal Thickness after MyoRing Implantation for Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(1):15-19.
How to improve Visual Acuity after Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments? Implantation for Keratoconus and Post-LASIK Ectasia
Authors: Barbara Ramez , Barbara Adel
Published: July 2019

Keratoconus (KC) is an ecstatic corneal disease that causes irregular astigmatism which cannot be corrected by glasses, the irregular astigmatism causes loss of visual acuity (VA) both the uncorrected and the corrected VA, in addition to deterioration in the quality of vision. Contact lenses (CLs) improve the VA but cannot be tolerated in many cases due to several causes, such as loss of motivation, atopic and allergic conjunctivitis that are more frequently associated with KC and dry eyes. Intrastromal corneal ring segments implanted in keratoconic eyes improve uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), reduce myopia, astigmatism, high order aberrations (HOA) and regularizes the cornea (less irregular astigmatism), similar results are achieved in the treatment of post-LASIK and post PRK ectasia. These results were confirmed in long-term follow-up. The more advanced the KC the more is the effect of the ICRS but the less the functional VA achieved and vice versa. Thicker rings are more effective, and the smaller the optical zone the more is the effect of the ICRS. The aim of ICRS implantation in KC is not to be free of glasses or CL but to enable the patient of seeing with glasses or to tolerate CL in order to prevent or delay the need for penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). In many cases, we can achieve a functional and satisfactory UCVA with no need for glasses and this is the case in nonadvanced KC but not in the advanced cases. In some cases, the results achieved need additional means to improve VA in order to get satisfactory VA. There are nonsurgical and surgical means to improve VA after ICRS, these means will be reviewed in this article.

How to cite this article

Barbara A, Barbara R. How to improve Visual Acuity after Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments? Implantation for Keratoconus and Post-LASIK Ectasia. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(2):69-75.
Corneal Cross-linking in Patients Younger than 18 Years: Long-term Follow-up in Three Israeli Medical Centers
Authors: Zadok David , Avni Isaac , Bakshi Erez , Barequet Irina S , Aizenman Isaac , Levinger Samuel
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To report refractive, topographic and safety outcomes of corneal cross-linking (CXL) in patients younger than 18 years of age with progressive keratoconus.

Materials and methods

In this retrospective study, we enrolled 31 eyes of 21 children aged 11 to 17 years that underwent corneal riboflavin-ultraviolet A induced CXL due to progressive keratoconus at three different ophthalmology departments in Israel. They were followed for 3 to 48 months (average 23 ± 13.6 months). Evaluated parameters were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), manifest refraction, pachymetry, slit- lamp examination and corneal topography at baseline and at 1,3,6,12,24 and 48 months.

Results

We found a nonsignificant improvement in UCVA and BSCVA with a small reduction of manifest cylinder and no significant change in spherical equivalent or K-values. Following CXL, stability of UCVA and BSCVA at the last follow-up examination was found in 71 and 77% of treated eyes, respectively. No permanent adverse events have been recorded throughout the study period.

Conclusion

In our series, CXL was a safe procedure in the pediatric population. Stabilization of progressive keratoconus was achieved in visual acuity, refractive and topography parameters with no improvement in corneal indices in contrary to adult CXL treatment.

How to cite this article

Bakshi E, Barequet IS, Aizenman I, Levinger S, Avni I, Zadok D. Corneal Corss-linking in Patients Younger than 18 Years: Long-term Follow-up in Three Israeli Medical Centers. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(2):84-87.
Collagen Cross-linking for Pellucid Marginal Degeneration
Authors: MacGregor Cheryl , Jayaswal Rakesh , Maycock Nick
Published: July 2019

Pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) is a rare progressive condition resulting in inferior corneal thinning and astigmatism. Alongside keratoconus and keratoglobus, it is considered one of noninflammatory corneal ectasias. The focus of corneal thinning is greatest inferiorly resulting in diminished visual acuity and overall reduction in visual quality. Traditional methods of treatment or disease management have been similar to those proposed for keratoconus, contact lenses, escalating to intrastromal rings, lamellar keratoplasty or penetrating keratoplasty.

Collagen cross-linking (CXL) has steadily gained acceptance as the treatment of choice for progressive corneal ectasias. Although it has been described at length for keratoconus, there is little literature describing or advocating its use in PMD. In this article, we will review the evidence for CXL and its use in PMD.

How to cite this article

MacGregor C, Jayaswal R, Maycock N. Collagen Cross-linking for Pellucid Marginal Degeneration. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2015;4(3):100-102.
Pathogenesis of Fixed Dilated Pupil (Urrets-Zavalía Syndrome) after Deep Lamellar Keratoplasty in Keratoconus
Authors: Reis José RC , Diniz-Filho Alberto , Rocha Fábio M
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To present a case series of patients that developed Urrets-Zavalia syndrome (UZS) after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for treating keratoconus and discuss the mechanisms for the syndrome.

Materials and methods

Retrospective chart analysis of patients who developed UZS after DALK at the Cornea Unit, Hospital São Geraldo, Federal University of Minas Gerais.

Results

We present a series of 3 patients with features consistent with UZS, after undergoing DALK. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) was noted in the early postoperative period in 2 cases, despite the fact that the other case reported eye pain, headache, and nausea at the night after the surgery with undocumented IOP. Although at different extents, the pupil remained atrophic and dilated in all 3 eyes, and 2 of them developed anterior subcapsular cataract.

Conclusion

Iris ischemia resulting from occlusion of iris root vessels due to elevated IOP higher than diastolic blood pressure causes UZS. Elevated IOP should be monitored, especially in young patients with low diastolic blood pressure, in order to avoid the occurrence of the syndrome.

How to cite this article

Reis JRC, Diniz-Filho A, Rocha FM, Torquetti L. Pathogenesis of Fixed Dilated Pupil (Urrets-Zavalía Syndrome) after Deep Lamellar Keratoplasty in Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):32-34.
Management of Maxillofacial Injury due to Firecracker in a Child
Authors: Rattan Vidya , Rai Sachin , Yadav Shikha
Published: July 2019

The paper highlights the management of a 4 years old female child who suffered oral and maxillofacial injury due to explosion of a firecracker inside the mouth.

How to cite this article

Yadav S, Rai S, Rattan V. Management of Maxillofacial Injury due to Firecracker in a Child. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(2):98-99.
A Comparison of an Integrated Three-dimensional Biomechanical Analysis of High-speed Incline and Level Treadmill running in Elite Football Players
Authors: Sandhu Jaspal Singh , Singh Amrinder , Arvind Deepchand Nigam
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Recent sprint training regimens have used high-speed incline treadmill running to provide enhanced loading of muscles responsible for increasing forward running speed. The purpose of this study was to determine the standard alterations in the lower-limb joint kinematics and gait parameters resulting from changes in treadmill slope during the use of the treadmill as a medical reference.

Subjects

The subjects of this study were 20 normal, healthy elite football players without any orthopedic, respiratory, or cardiovascular system problems.

Materials and methods

The running gait of subjects was analyzed using motion analysis system on an inclined treadmill with three running trials, each for 3 minutes. The gait was measured at incline of 0, 9, and 18%. The speed of the treadmill was fixed at 4.0 m/s in order to maintain a constant running speed.

Results

The subjects’ gait parameters were observed to change significantly between slopes of 0 and 18%. The results showed greater maximum knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and total hip range of motion (ROM) in incline treadmill running compared to level running.

Conclusion

The results of this study can be put in as a predesigned rehabilitation program for sprint training on a treadmill, especially for treadmills with adjustable gradients.

How to cite this article

Singh A, Arvind DN, Sandhu JS. A Comparison of an Integrated Three-dimensional Biomechanical Analysis of High-speed Incline and Level Treadmill running in Elite Football Players. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(4):185-189.
Awareness about Periodontal Disease and Its Association with Systemic Disease among Medical Practitioners: A Pilot Study
Authors: Anandakumar AS , Sankari R
Published: July 2019

Background

For decades, physicians and dentists have paid close attention to their own respective fields, specializing in medicine pertaining to the body and the oral cavity respectively. However, recent findings have strongly suggested that oral health may be indicative of systemic health. Currently, this gap between allopathic medicine and dental medicine is quickly closing, due to significant findings supporting the association between periodontal disease and systemic conditions.

Aim

The aim of the study is to evaluate knowledge of medical practitioners about periodontal disease and its association with systemic disease.

Materials and Methods

This study was carried out using a self-reported questionnaires that was distributed to 120 practicing medical doctors of various fields. There were 68 male and 52 female doctors. Among which, 63 doctors have less than 10 years of experience, 47 doctors have 10 to 20 years, and 10 doctors have more than 20 years experience.

Conclusion

Although the vast majority of the medical doctors reported that they knew the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic health, this awareness was not supported by precise knowledge and failed to appropriate clinical practice. Interdisciplinary dental and medical training will likely be solution to the problem.

How to cite this article

Anandakumar AS, Sankari R. Awareness about Periodontal Disease and Its Association with Systemic Disease among Medical Practitioners: A Pilot Study. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(2):104-107.
Modified Rhomboid Flap for Reconstruction of Defect of Cheek after Excision of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sidana Sunil , Gandevivala Adil , Shah Dinesh H , Khan Akram
Published: July 2019

The cheek is a very important part of the human face because it is the largest part and is essential in terms of both esthetics and functionality. Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are most common skin malignancy found in Caucasians and rarely in Asians. Treatment can range from topical medications, curettage, Mohs micrography, cryosurgery, laser surgery and excision. Defect left after excision can be cosmetically disfiguring. Options for reconstruction after excision of the lesion are skin graft and local flaps. We present a case of BCC of the cheek which was reconstructed with modified rhomboid flap.

How to cite this article

Gandevivala A, Shah DH, Sidana S, Khan A. Modified Rhomboid Flap for Reconstruction of Defect of Cheek after Excision of Basal Cell Carcinoma. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(2):154-156.
Comparison of Visual Examination, Bite-wing Radiography, and Fiberoptic Transillumination on Caries Detection
Authors: Inceoglu Beste , Gorgun Sebahat , Yuksel Halil T , Kursun Emine S , Eren Hakan
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The detection of carious lesions in the initial stages of development is very important to prevent the occurrence of cavitation. Visual examination and the use of a dental probe, bite-wing radiography, and fiberoptic transillumination (FOTI) have long been recommended for this purpose. Visual examination and probing of suspected lesions are useful for detecting occlusal caries, but achieve no gain of sensitivity and might cause irreversible tooth damage. Bite-wing radiography helps to detect approximal lesions better than clinical examination and probing the lesion. But the diagnostic performance of bite-wing radiography at approximal and occlusal sites is different. The FOTI is a quick and inexpensive method that can enhance visual examination of all tooth surfaces.

The aim of thisin vivostudy is to compare FOTI with bite-wing radiography and visual examination in the detection of approximal and occlusal caries.

Materials and methods

A total of 46 patients without missing teeth and dentures in the posterior region of jaws were examined for the evaluation of all premolar and molar teeth contacts. Three blinded practitioners examined the patients. First one evaluated radiologically, second one visually, and the last one evaluated with FOTI.

Results

According to statistical results, bite-wing radiograph had the highest sensitivity. However, evaluation with FOTI had acceptable results to detect approximal caries.

Conclusion

Study of the results has shown that clinically FOTI is an adjunct method for detection of approximal caries.

How to cite this article

Eren H, Yuksel HT, Inceoglu B, Kursun ES, Gorgun S. Comparison of Visual Examination, Bite-wing Radiography, and Fiberoptic Transillumination on Caries Detection. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):77-81.
Recurrent Right-sided Massive Pleural Effusion of Pancreatic Etiology
Authors: Nagendra Sunayana S
Published: July 2019

Pleural effusion secondary to chronic pancreatitis is an uncommon condition accounting for less than 1% of patients. Patients are alcoholic but only 50% of patients have clinical symptoms and signs of previous pancreatitis. Symptoms are predominantly respiratory than abdominal. Raised pleural fluid amylase level in hemorrhagic fluid is diagnostic of pancreatic pleural effusion. Presence of pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF) can be demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) imaging or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), but these imaging methods sometimes fail to demonstrate fistulous tract. Herewith, we are presenting a rare case of recurrent right-sided massive pleural effusion secondary to chronic pancreatitis.

How to cite this article

Nagendra SS, Patil MB. Recurrent Right-sided Massive Pleural Effusion of Pancreatic Etiology. J Med Sci 2016;2(4):62-64.
Intradural Anomalies in Scoliosis
Authors: Chopra Iqroop
Published: July 2019

Whole spine magnetic resonance imaging screening is now mandatory before scoliosis correction surgery. Craniovertebral junction, such as Chiari malformation is tackled earlier as a staged procedure before the scoliosis procedure whereas tethering and diastematomyelia can be undertaken at the same time as the scoliosis correction.

How to cite this article

Chopra I. Intradural Anomalies in Scoliosis. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(2):55-57.
An Overview of Management of Early-onset Scoliosis
Authors: Ahuja Sashin , Ibrahim Omar A
Published: July 2019

Management of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is a challenging dilemma. EOS is usually defined as a curve more than 10° in a child below the age of 10 years. The main issues to take into account for a child with EOS are a curve progression and growth of the spine and the thoracic cage to allow normal development of the lungs. There are various options available to manage an EOS progressive curve which could range from bracing to surgical intervention. All these options have certain advantages and pitfalls which should be taken into consideration in formulating a management plan for these young children.

How to cite this article

Ahuja S, Ibrahim OA. An Overview of Management of Early-onset Scoliosis. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(2):84-88.
Preventing Rerape: Examination of a Rape Victim
Authors: Khan Tamkin
Published: July 2019

It is said that the ordeal of a rape victim does not end but begins after she files a report. Her rerape continues at the hands of the media, the police, the lawyers and even the medical personnel. The least that we as responsible members of the society can do is to conduct her physical examination in a meticulous and responsible manner. At the same time, it is required that we provide therapeutic and preventive services to her. The best way to prevent further cases is proper collection of evidence in a systematic manner as this ensures that the culprit is booked.
Letter-to-Editor II
Authors: Agarwal Ayush , Singh Omkar , Rastogi VK
Published: July 2019

• Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness of human beings having a case fatality rate of up to 90%.

• Ebola virus disease outbreaks occur primarily in remote Central and West Africa, near the tropical rainforests.

• The virus is transmitted to humans from wild animals and spreads in the human beings through physical contact.

• It does not transmit through vectors or air-borne droplets.

• Severely ill patients require intensive supportive care. No specific treatment or vaccine is available for use.
Highlights of 15th Biennial Congress of the Asian Association of Endocrine Surgeons, April 2016
Authors: Park Inhye , Her Nayoon , Choe Jun-Ho , Kim Jung-Han , Kim Jee Soo
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

The efficacy of prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is still unclear. The aim of this prospective randomized controlled study was to evaluate the clinical strengths and weaknesses of pCND.

METHODS

Between May 2009 and September 2015, a total of 1,134 patients with clinical N0 PTC were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A was treated with thyroidectomy alone and group B was treated with thyroidectomy + pCND. When the surgeon detected extrathyroidal extension or suspicious lymph nodes during the operation, frozen biopsy was performed to confirm the metastasis and the patients were excluded. We analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics, postoperative complications, and recurrence.

RESULTS

Of the 1,134 patients, 110 were excluded because they had evidence of either capsular invasion or lymph node metastasis proven by frozen biopsy during the operation (rate of dropout: 9.7%). A total of 1,024 patients were included, 504 patients in group A and 520 patients in group B. In group B, 67 patients had ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis in frozen biopsy that were converted to total thyroidectomy. Clinicopathologic characteristics of the two groups were not significantly different. The median follow-up period was 20 months (1–77 months). Recurrence was detected in three patients (0.3%) in the lateral lymph node. Disease-free survival was not statistically significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.561). However, the incidence of temporary hypoparathyroidism in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (group A: 13.1%, group B: 20.8%, p = 0.001), while the permanent hypoparathyroidism, vocal cord palsy, chyle leakage, bleeding, and wound infection were similar between groups A and B.

CONCLUSION

Prophylactic central neck dissection did not reduce locoregional recurrence in clinical N0 PTC, but it significantly increased the incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism. But the assessment of effectiveness of pCND in reducing recurrence and mortality requires a long-term follow-up.
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: What Every Dental Personnel Should Know
Authors: LNU Alexander , Mathew Simy
Published: July 2019

Percutaneous injuries in the dental office are one of the main risk factors for the transmission of diseases like hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HBV is an important infectious disease that is to be focused on in a dental setting. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), dental work ranks first in the frequency of potential sources for acquiring viral hepatitis, while dental employment ranks eleventh. It is necessary that all dental practitioners are aware of the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to be followed in case of exposure to HBV, HCV or HIV and the protocol followed in situations of exposure and that adequate reporting of the situation is performed. The protocol discussed is to be displayed in all dental settings so that every dental personnel will be aware of the necessary prophylaxis to be followed in any case of accidental exposure to infected source.
Occupational Therapy Interventions for Urinary Dysfunction in Primary Care: A Case Series
Authors: Cunningham Rebecca , Valasek Samantha
Published: July 2019

Urinary dysfunction is commonly reported in primary care contexts. A shortage of primary care providers is affecting access to relevant services. Occupational therapy practitioners work in primary care settings and typically address urinary dysfunction in an outpatient context. Evidence regarding the delivery of occupational therapy interventions for urinary dysfunction in primary care has been limited. In this study, 3 women received 9–14 occupational therapy sessions in a primary care setting to address urinary symptoms. Plan-of-care duration, assessments, and urinary dysfunction interventions were individualized to accommodate personal and environmental factors. Across all case-series participants, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure scores demonstrated clinically significant improvement. Mixed results were found for SF–36 health-related quality-of-life subscale scores. Assessment scores specific to urinary dysfunction decreased, indicating reduced symptom severity and functional impact. This article provides preliminary evidence regarding the feasibility of occupational therapy interventions addressing urinary dysfunction in primary care settings.
Elucidating ice formation pathways in the aerosol–climate model ECHAM6-HAM2
Authors: Dietlicher Remo , Neubauer David , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Cloud microphysics schemes in global climate models have long suffered from a lack of reliable satellite observations of cloud ice. At the same time there is a broad consensus that the correct simulation of cloud phase is imperative for a reliable assessment of Earth's climate sensitivity. At the core of this problem is understanding the causes for the inter-model spread of the predicted cloud phase partitioning. This work introduces a new method to build a sound cause-and-effect relation between the microphysical parameterizations employed in our model and the resulting cloud field by analysing ice formation pathways. We find that freezing processes in supercooled liquid clouds only dominate ice formation in roughly 6 % of the simulated clouds, a small fraction compared to roughly 63 % of the clouds governed by freezing in the cirrus temperature regime below −35 ∘C. This pathway analysis further reveals that even in the mixed-phase temperature regime between −35 and 0 ∘C, the dominant source of ice is the sedimentation of ice crystals that originated in the cirrus regime. The simulated fraction of ice cloud to total cloud amount in our model is lower than that reported by the CALIPSO-GOCCP satellite product. This is most likely caused by structural differences of the cloud and aerosol fields in our model rather than the microphysical parametrizations employed.
Observational analysis of the daily cycle of the planetary boundary layer in the central amazon during a typical year and under the influence of the ENSO (GoAmazon project 2014/5)
Authors: Carneiro Rayonil G. , Fisch Gilberto
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The Amazon biome contains more than half of the remaining tropical forests of the planet and has a strong impact on aspects of meteorology such as the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL). In this context, the objective of this study was to conduct observational evaluations of the daily cycle of the height of the PLB during its stable (night) and convective (day) phases from data that were measured and/or estimated using instruments such as a radiosonde, SODAR, ceilometer, wind profiler, Lidar and microwave radiometer installed in the central Amazon during 2014 (considered a typical year) and 2015 during which an intense El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event predominated during the GOAmazon experiment. The results from the four intense observation periods (IOPs) show that during the day and night periods, independent of dry or rainy seasons, the ceilometer is the instrument that best describes the depth of the PBL when compared with in situ radiosonde measurements. Additionally, during the dry season in 2015, the ENSO substantially influenced the growth phase of the PBL, with a 15 % increase in the rate compared to the same period in 2014.
Stability of Halocarbons in Whole Air Samples from the Upper Troposphere and Lowermost Stratosphere
Authors: Schuck Tanja J. , Blank Ann-Katrin , Rittmeier Elisa , Williams Jonathan , Brenninkmeijer Carl A. M. , Engel Andreas , Zahn Andreas
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Measurements of halogenated hydrocarbons in ambient air frequently rely on canister sampling followed by offline laboratory analysis. This allows for a large number of compounds to be analysed under stable conditions, maximising measurement precision. However, individual compounds might be affected during sampling and storage of canister samples. In order to assess halocarbon stability in whole air samples from the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere, we performed stability tests using the air sampling unit High REsolution Sampler (HIRES) which is part of the CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container) instrument package. HIRES holds 88 light-weight stainless steel cylinders that are pressurized in flight to 4.5 bar using metal bellows pumps. The HIRES sampling unit was first deployed in 2010, but has up to now not been used for regular halocarbon analysis with exception of chloromethane. The sample collection unit was tested for sampling and storage effects of 28 halogenated compounds. The focus was on compound stability in the stainless steel canisters during storage of up to five weeks and on the influence of ozone, since flights take place in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere with ozone mixing ratios of up to several hundred ppbV. Most of the investigated (hydro)chlorofluorocarbons and long-lived hydrofluorocarbons were found to be stable over a storage time of up to five weeks and were unaltered by ozone being present during pressurization. Some compounds such as for example dichloromethane, trichloromethane and tetrachloroethene started to decrease in the canisters after a storage time of more than two weeks or exhibited lowered mixing ratios in samples pressurized with ozone present. Few compounds such as for example tetrachloromethane and tribromomethane were found to be not stable in the HIRES stainless-steel canisters independent of ozone levels. Also growth was observed during storage for some species, namely for HFC-152a, HFC-23, and Halon-1301.
Modelling a Modern-like-pCO2 Warm Period (MIS KM5c) with Two Versions of IPSL AOGCM
Authors: Tan Ning , Contoux Camille , Ramstein Gilles , Sun Yong , Dumas Christophe , Sepulchre Pierre
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The mid-Piacenzian warm period (3.264 to 3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period with a present-like atmospheric pCO2 exhibiting significant warming relative to present conditions. With the advanced understanding of the climate variability of this interval, a specific interglacial (marine isotope stage KM5c, MIS KM5c, 3.205 Ma) is selected for Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (PlioMIP 2) and updated boundary conditions are provided. In this study, we carried out series of experiments according to the design of PlioMIP2 with two versions of the IPSL Atmosphere-Ocean Coupled General Circulation Model (AOGCM) (IPSL-CM5A and IPSL-CM5A2). By comparing with PlioMIP 1 experiment, run with IPSL-CM5A, our results show that the simulated MIS KM5c climate presents enhanced warming in mid-to-high latitudes, especially in ocean regions. This warming can be attributed to the largely enhanced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation caused by the high latitude seaway changes. The tier experiments, conducted with IPSL-CM5A2 (with faster computation scheme), show that besides the increased pCO2, both modified orography and reduced ice sheets contribute substantially in mid-to-high latitudes warming of MIS KM5c. When considering the pCO2 uncertainties, the warming pattern changes, our model response to the variation of pCO2 by ±50 ppmv is not symmetric in the surface air temperature, due to the non-linear response of the cryosphere (snow cover and sea ice extent). By analysing the Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance, we also demonstrate its vulnerability under both MIS KM5c and modern warm climate.
Reducing climate model biases by exploring parameter space with large ensembles of climate model simulations and statistical emulation
Authors: Li Sihan , Rupp David E. , Hawkins Linnia , Mote Philip W. , McNeall Doug , Sparrow Sarah N. , Wallom David C. H. , Betts Richard A. , Wettstein Justin J.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Understanding the unfolding challenges of climate change relies on climate
models, many of which have large summer warm and dry biases over Northern
Hemisphere continental midlatitudes. This work, with the example of the
model used in the updated version of the weather@home distributed climate
model framework, shows the potential for improving climate model simulations
through a multiphased parameter refinement approach, particularly over
the northwestern United States (NWUS). Each phase consists of (1) creating a
perturbed parameter ensemble with the coupled global–regional atmospheric
model, (2) building statistical emulators that estimate climate metrics as
functions of parameter values, (3) and using the emulators to further refine
the parameter space. The refinement process includes sensitivity analyses to
identify the most influential parameters for various model output metrics;
results are then used to cull parameters with little influence. Three phases
of this iterative process are carried out before the results are considered
to be satisfactory; that is, a handful of parameter sets are identified that
meet acceptable bias reduction criteria. Results not only indicate that
74 % of the NWUS regional warm biases can be reduced by refining global
atmospheric parameters that control convection and hydrometeor transport,
as well as land surface parameters that affect plant photosynthesis, transpiration,
and evaporation, but also suggest that this iterative approach to perturbed
parameters has an important role to play in the evolution of physical
parameterizations.
Icelandic snow cover characteristics derived from a gap-filled MODIS daily snow cover product
Authors: Gunnarsson Andri , Garðarsson Sigurður M. , Sveinsson Óli G. B.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This study presents a spatio-temporal continuous data set for snow cover in Iceland based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2000 to 2018. Cloud cover and polar darkness are the main limiting factors for data availability of remotely sensed optical data at higher latitudes. In Iceland the average cloud cover is 75 % with some spatial variations, and polar darkness reduces data availability from the MODIS sensor from late November until mid January. In this study MODIS snow cover data were validated over Iceland with comparison to manned in situ observations and Landsat 7/8 and Sentinel 2 data. Overall a good agreement was found between in situ observed snow cover, with an average agreement of 0.925. Agreement of Landsat 7/8 and Sentinel 2 was found to be acceptable, with R2 values 0.96, 0.92 and 0.95, respectively, and in agreement with other studies. By applying daily data merging from Terra and Aqua and a temporal aggregation of 7 d, unclassified pixels were reduced from 75 % to 14 %. The remaining unclassified pixels after daily merging and temporal aggregation were removed with classification learners trained with classified data, pixel location, aspect and elevation. Various snow cover characteristic metrics were derived for each pixel such as snow cover duration, first and last snow-free dates, deviation and dynamics of snow cover and trends during the study period. On average the first snow-free date in Iceland is 27 June, with a standard deviation of 19.9 d. For the study period a trend of increasing snow cover duration was observed for all months except October and November. However, statistical testing of the trends indicated that there was only a significant trend in June.
Global detection of rainfall-triggered landslide clusters
Authors: Benz Susanne A. , Blum Philipp
Published: July 2019

Abstract. An increasing awareness of the cost of landslides on the global economy and
of the associated loss of human life has led to the development of various
global landslide databases. However, these databases typically report
landslide events instead of individual landslides, i.e., a group of
landslides with a common trigger and reported by media, citizens and/or
government officials as a single unit. The latter results in significant
cataloging and reporting biases. To counteract these biases, this study aims
to identify clusters of landslide events that were triggered by the same
rainfall event. An algorithm is developed that finds a series of landslide
events that (a) is continuous with no more than 2 d between individual
events and where (b) precipitation at the location of an individual event
correlates with precipitation of at least one other event. The developed
algorithm is applied to the Global Landslide Catalog (GLC) maintained by
NASA. The results show that more than 40 % of all landslide events are
connected to at least one other event and that 14 % of all studied
landslide events are actually part of a landslide cluster consisting of at
least 10 events and up to 108 events in 1 d. Duration of the detected
clusters also varies greatly from 1 to 24 d. Our study intends to enhance
our understanding of landslide clustering and thus will assist in the
development of improved, internationally streamlined mitigation strategies
for rainfall-related landslide clusters.
Single super-vortex as a proxy for ocean surface flow fields
Authors: Jánosi Imre M. , Vincze Miklós , Tóth Gábor , Gallas Jason A. C.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Empirical flow field data evaluation in a well-studied ocean region along
the US west coast revealed a surprisingly strong
relationship between the surface integrals of kinetic energy and enstrophy (squared vorticity). This
relationship defines a single isolated Gaussian super-vortex, whose fitted size parameter
is related to the mean eddy size, and the square of the fitted height parameter is proportional to the sum of the square of all individual eddy amplitudes obtained by standard vortex census.
This finding allows very effective coarse-grained eddy statistics with minimal computational efforts. As an illustrative example, the westward
drift velocity of eddies is determined from a simple cross-correlation analysis of kinetic energy integrals.
Ventilation of the Northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Neumann Thomas , Siegel Herbert , Moros Matthias , Gerth Monika , Kniebusch Madline , Neumann Daniel
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed, brackish water sea in northern Europe. The deep basins of the central Baltic Sea regularly show hypoxic conditions. In contrast, the northern parts of the Baltic Sea, the Bothnian Sea and Bay, are well oxygenated. Lateral inflows or a ventilation due to convection are possible mechanisms for high oxygen concentrations in the deep water of the northern Baltic Sea. Owing to the high latitudes of the northern Baltic, this region is regularly covered by sea ice during the winter season. In March 2017, the RV Maria S. Merian was for two days in the Bothnian Bay collecting ice core samples, brine water, and CTD profiles. The bulk sea ice salinity was on average 0.6 g/kg and in brine samples, a salinity of 11.5 g/kg and 17.8 g/kg have been measured. At one station, the CTD profiles indicated a recent ventilation event of the deep water. A water mass analysis showed that the ventilation is most probably due to mixing of Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay surface water which results in sufficient dense water able to replace older bottom water. However, the high salinity of brine provides the potential for forming dense bottom water masses as well.
Word embeddings for application in geosciences: development, evaluation, and examples of soil-related concepts
Authors: Padarian José , Fuentes Ignacio
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A large amount of descriptive information is available in geosciences. This information is usually considered subjective and ill-favoured compared with its numerical counterpart. Considering the advances in natural language processing and machine learning, it is possible to utilise descriptive information and encode it as dense vectors. These word embeddings, which encode information about a word and its linguistic relationships with other words, lay on a multidimensional space where angles and distances have a linguistic interpretation. We used 280 764 full-text scientific articles related to geosciences to train a domain-specific language model capable of generating such embeddings. To evaluate the quality of the numerical representations, we performed three intrinsic evaluations: the capacity to generate analogies, term relatedness compared with the opinion of a human subject, and categorisation of different groups of words. As this is the first attempt to evaluate word embedding for tasks in the geosciences domain, we created a test suite specific for geosciences. We compared our results with general domain embeddings commonly used in other disciplines. As expected, our domain-specific embeddings (GeoVec) outperformed general domain embeddings in all tasks, with an overall performance improvement of 107.9 %. We also presented an example were we successfully emulated part of a taxonomic analysis of soil profiles that was originally applied to soil numerical data, which would not be possible without the use of embeddings. The resulting embedding and test suite will be made available for other researchers to use and expand upon.
Presentation and evaluation of the Arctic sea ice forecasting system neXtSIM-F
Authors: Williams Timothy , Korosov Anton , Rampal Pierre , Ólason Einar
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The neXtSIM-F forecast system consists of a stand-alone sea ice model, neXtSIM, forced by the TOPAZ ocean forecast and the ECMWF atmospheric forecast, combined with daily data assimilation. It was tested for the northern winter of 2018–2019 with different data being assimilated and was found to perform well. Despite drift not being assimilated in our system, we obtain quite good agreement between observations, comparing well to more sophisticated coupled ice-ocean forecast systems. The RMSE in drift speed is around 3 km/day for the first three days, climbing to about 4 km/day for the next day or two; computing the RMSE in the total drift adds about 1 km/day to the error in speed. The drift bias remains close to zero over the whole period from Nov 2018–Apr 2019. The neXtSIM-F forecast system assimilates OSISAF sea ice concentration products (both SSMI and AMSR2) and SMOS sea ice thickness by modifying the initial conditions daily and adding a compensating heat flux to prevent removed ice growing back too quickly. This greatly improved the agreement of these quantities with observations for the first 3–4 days of the forecast.
Populism—A Crux or Crisis of Politics?
Authors: Ziarek Ewa Plonowska
Published: July 2019

This article juxtaposes Laclau’s defense of left-wing populism with Arendt’s theory of democratic alliances and political action. This juxtaposition adds two new questions to the debates on populism: First, what is the relation between popular political demands and populist identities? Second, is popular agency synonymous with popular sovereignty? Ultimately at stake in this debate is the articulation of political engagements that are able to provide an alternative to the right-wing mobilization of populism.
Diabetic muscle infarction with pelvic vein thrombosis: An uncommon presentation to the emergency department
Authors: Varadarajulu Suresh , Pathan Sameer A.
Published: July 2019

Diabetic muscle infarction (DMI) occurs as a rare complication associated with long-standing, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) and typically presents as acute painful muscle swelling in the absence of trauma. It resolves spontaneously over a few weeks to months in most patients and generally has a good prognosis. However, the coexistence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with DMI may have an additional risk of complications such as pulmonary embolism, recurrent DVT, and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Although the treatment for DMI is mainly analgesia, rest, and control of diabetes, the coexistence of extensive DVT and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may demand anticoagulation and a multidisciplinary team approach. Its management may also involve the endocrinologist, hematologist, and occasionally an interventional radiologist or vascular surgeon. We report two cases of patients with DMI with extensive DVT that presented to our emergency department (ED) as acute non-traumatic swelling of the lower limb. The diagnosis of DMI in both the cases was based on the presence of characteristic clinical features and typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The patients were treated with anticoagulation therapy in addition to the management of DKA, and discharged with good recovery.
Surgical treatment of chronic headache related to intranasal deformity
Authors: Ardah N.M.
Published: July 2019

Submucous resection (SMR) of the nasal septum is a simple procedure, which was used in a study on sixty patients, forty four (73%) males and sixteen (26.7%) females. This study was carried out over four years from September 1988 in King Hussein Medical Centre and Prince Hashem
Ben Al Hussein Hospital.

Ml the patients had a headache for 2-13 years as the maJor symptom. Some of them had additional symptoms SUch as nasal obstruction and snoring. Successful results were obtained in fifty six cases who were relieved of their headache after surgery. The other four cases showed no significant improvement because of allergic rhinitis.
Effect of air pollution following Gulf war on asthmatic patients in Qatar
Authors: Al Saad T. , Hroob A.
Published: July 2019

This is a retrospective study of the effect of air pollution on Pediatric asthmatic patients in Qatar following the second Gulf war in 1991. A comparison study of four months of the same period in 1990 before the war; 1991 through the presence of air pollution and 1992 following the end of air pollution showed a significant increase of asthmatic visits to the emergency center in 1991, almost double the number of the previous year, The number decreased significantly in 1992 following the end of the air pollution.

The male to female asthmatic ratio was 2.37:1 and Qatari to non-Qatari asthmatic visit ratio was 2.1:1. The temperature fall was about 1-2 degrees centigrade during the air Pollution, and no change in humidity was noticed during the three periods studied.
Hematological manifestation of human brucellosis
Authors: Ajlouni Y.M. , Shaker K.
Published: July 2019

Objectives and methods: In Jordan no data have been reported on the frequency and diversity of hematological abnormalities occurring in brucellosis in adults. In order to determine the hematological changes during the active course of the disease, 217 adult patients, (ages ranging from l4 to 75 years; mean 28.7 years) were studied Prospectively at the Jordan University Hospital during the Period 1987-1996. Two hundred and eleven patients who had a clinical picture suggestive of human brucellosis were admitted to the hospital for investigations.

Results: From 175 cases proved to have brucellosis, anemia was detected in 76 (43.4%) patients; leukopenia in (15.4%)patients; lymphocytosis in 87 (49.7%) patients and lymphopenia in 27 (15.4%)patients. Thrombocytopenia

was found in 13 (7.4 %) and pancytopenia inl2 (6.9 %) Patients. Patients with a brucella antibody titre (1280 were found to be more likely to develop bone marrow granulomata. Hypersplenism and hemophagocytosis appeared to play a role in producing these abnormalities of the peripheral blood. There was no significant relation between bone marrow granuloma and the above hematological abnormalities.

Conclusion: Brucellosis may be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia especially in areas such as Jordan where the disease is endemic.
Ruptured spleen in pregnancy
Authors: Hamsho M.A. , Mouchantat M.R.
Published: July 2019

Rupture of a normal spleen during pregnancy is very rare. We report a case of splenic rupture following an unclear history of falling in third trimester of pregnancy. Abruptio placenta was suspected preoperatively but, after caesarean section, exploration of the abdominal cavity revealed a ruptured spleen and splenectomy was performed. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), renal failure, adult respiratory distress, necrotizing enterocolitis and bilateral hydrothorax were complications which were managed successfully.
Antiphospholipid (hughes) syndrome
Authors: Khamashta M. A.
Published: July 2019

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), first described in 1983(1), is now recognised as one of the most common acquired thrombophilia(2). The syndrome is defined by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) [a positive anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) assay and/or lupus anticoagulant (LA)] and a history of either arterial or venous thrombosis and/or recurrent pregnancy loss (Table 1). Some of these patients may also have other features such as mild thrombocytopenia, heart valve disease, cutaneous ulcers, and, most commonly, livedo reticularis. Pulmonary embolism, often multiple and associated with deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary hypertension are potentially life-threatening features of this syndrome.
RE: Acute exacerbation of Bronchial Asthma: Management in an emergency department QMJ1998; 7(2); 36–37
Authors: Mobeireek A.
Published: July 2019

Dr. Abu Rish and Dr. Mousa wrote about a common and important medical problem i.e. management of acute attacks of bronchial asthma in the emergency room (ED) of the Hospital. They reported 97% response to nebulized fl2-agonists and only 3% admission to the hospital.