bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Muhammadiyah in Fostering Islamic Community in Enrekang Regency
Authors: Suparman Suparman , Muchtar Achmad Dahlan , S. Putriyani , Saidang Saidang
Published: January 2021

This research describes the role of Muhammadiyah organizations in fostering Islamic communities in Enrekang Regency. The problems examined in this paper are focused on the development of Muhammadiyah in Enrekang Regency and the role of Muhammadiyah organizations through the charity of its efforts in fostering the Islamic community in Enrekang Regency. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using historical, sociological, cultural, religious and educational approaches. The instruments used in this study were researchers doing with aids in the form of interview guidelines, cameras and voice recorders. The data analysis technique used is a descriptive data analysis. The results showed that Muhammadiyah association quickly developed branches and branches to all corners of the village, several educational business charities established ranging from paud/kindergarten level to higher education, and the growing number of Muhammadiyah members and sympathizers. The construction of the Muhammadiyah Alliance through branches and branches and charitable efforts in fostering Islamic society slowly shifted the religious attitude of the community coloured by the traditions of Hinduism, animism and dynamism (shirk) to the Tauhid faith.
The Influence of Organizational Culture and Work Motivation on the Performance of Physical Education Teachers in Medan High Schools
Authors: Mesnan Mesnan
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to find and study: (1) the performance model of Physical Education teachers which is built based on the associative causal relationship between exogenous variables and endogenous variables. This research was conducted at Senior High Schools in Medan, involving 148 Physical Education teachers as respondents. For data collection, it was done using a questionnaire with five answer choices. The sampling technique used is proportional random sampling. The instrument used was tested first on respondents outside the sample to obtain valid and reliable instruments. The validity test uses Product Moment Correlation, while to test its reliability the Alpha formula from Cronbach. Before testing the hypothesis, the Requirements Analysis test is calculated including: data normality test and regression linearity test. Meanwhile, to test its reliability with the Alpha formula from Cronbach. The results showed (1) the Physical Education Teacher Performance Model (2) Organizational Culture has a positive direct effect on Job Satisfaction, (3) Transformational Leadership has a positive direct effect on Job Satisfaction, (4) Organizational Culture has a positive direct effect on Work Motivation, (5) ) Transformational Leadership has a positive direct effect on Work Motivation, (6) Organizational Culture has a positive direct effect on performance, (7) Transformational Leadership has a positive direct effect on performance, (8) Job Satisfaction has a positive direct effect on Performance, (9) Job Motivation has a direct effect on Performance. Positive on performance.Based on the acceptance of research hypotheses, it is found a theoretical model or fixed model that describes the structure of the causal relationship between organizational culture variables, transformational leadership, job satisfaction, work motivation, and the performance of high school Physical Education teachers in Medan City.
A Case of Fourth Branchial Cleft Cyst Occurred on the Right Side
Authors: Han Ju Ho , Park Il-Seok
Published: January 2021

Branchial cleft cyst (BCC) is a relatively common congenital malformation in the neck. However, the fourth BCC is very rare and frequently unknown to clinicians. Failure to appropriately recognize this anomaly may result in misdiagnosis, insufficient treatment, and continued recurrence. Even though its rarity, it usually occurs on the left side. Here, we present an unusual case of fourth branchial cleft cyst that occurred on the right side.
Application of Skin Electrodes for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Authors: Lee Hyoung Shin
Published: January 2021

Efficiency of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) for recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroid or parathyroid surgery has been well established. Electromyogram (EMG) tube has been utilized as a standard method of IONM for RLN. However, limitations of EMG tube including false positive signals due to malposition of the tube and relatively high cost have been issued. Recently, there have been several alternative methods using variable types of skin electrodes to overcome the limitations of conventional EMG tube. These recent methods using skin electrodes will be reviewed in this article.
Leisure and Recreation Activities for Disabled People
Authors: Erbaş Ülfet , Gümüş Hüseyin , Talaghir Laurentiu-gabriel
Published: January 2021

All regulations around us that are made for human needs are possible only through a good design and practice-integrity by covering all people and by considering all needs that emerge from such factors as age and physical conditions and that require a general and special sensitivity. In this sense, one of the most important issues in the transformation of recreational open areas into livable environment is the accessibility. This study basically aims at reviewing those studies that discussed restrictors that prevented the disabled people from accessing to recreational activities in urban areas. Therefore; a search was made by using such key words as recreation, leisure, disabled, physical activity and the relevant studies were studied in detail. As a result of the review, the most important factor that restricted the disabled people was identified. In light of the findings, such classifications as environmental and structural, psychological and emotional, economical and legal/procedural factors were explored. In sum, it was concluded that environmental and structural factors were the most restrictive factor for the disabled people. In order to eliminate these restrictors identified, recommendations were made with physical environment solutions.
Technological prospecting of the use of vegetables in the development of gluten-free foods
Authors: Silva Luce Alves da , Tavares Iasnaia Maria de Carvalho , Melo Neto Biano Alves de , Oliveira Cristiane Patrícia de , Franco Marcelo
Published: January 2021

The growing demand for gluten-free foods, by people seeking more healthiness or who have dietary restrictions, has led to the acquisition of gluten-free foods. However, the development of gluten-free foods is a challenge due to the reduced nutritional value, requiring enrichment from other plant sources. A technological prospection study was carried out on the use of vegetables in the development of gluten-free food products, from October 10 to 18, 2020, by surveying technological information available in national and international patent databases, INPI and ESPACENET, respectively. Search strategies were defined using the association of keywords and international codes relevant to the topic. The results obtained in the international patent base differed by 490% in the period from 2001 to 2020, when compared with the national database. China stands out as a technology-dominated country, followed by the United States, Canada and Japan. Prospecting based on the number of patent filings revealed a 298% growth trend for gluten-free products, from 2001 to 2020, according to the international patent base, which emerges as an innovative alternative to meet the trends of the food market for the coming years.
Avaliação dos Distúrbios do Sono de pacientes submetidos à Polissonografia
Authors: Barbosa Izabela dos Santos , Souza José Carlos , Muller Paulo de Tarso Guerrero , Brito Paola Oliveira Cavalcante , Augusto Caroline Torres , Cantarelli Isabella de Azevedo Cardeliquio
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: caracterizar os distúrbios do sono dos pacientes submetidos à polissonografia e identificar suas associações com variáveis epidemiológicas. Métodos: estudo transversal, observacional, conduzido com análise de dados dos prontuários de 101 pacientes submetidos a polissonografia no Laboratório de Medicina do Sono do HUMAP, Campo Grande, MS. Os dados utilizados foram os laudos da polissonografia e escalas padronizadas (escala de sonolência de Epworth e Questionário de Berlim). Resultados: O alto risco para Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) foi identificado em 83% dos avaliados. Quanto ao perfil polissonográfico, 77% foram diagnosticados com SAOS, sendo a maioria representada pelo sexo feminino. Dos pacientes com SAOS, 95,5% apresentava obesidade ou sobrepeso. A Sonolência Excessiva Diurna foi identificada em 51,2% dos pacientes com diagnóstico de SAOS. Conclusão: A prevalência de distúrbios do sono foi elevada, sendo que os pacientes com diagnóstico de SAOS, maioria sexo feminino, apresentaram com maior frequência SED, sobrepeso ou obesidade e Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, fatores de risco importantes para a síndrome respiratória.
Análise bacteriológica da água em bebedouros de escolas municipais de Feira de Santana/BA
Authors: Amorim Carolina Ferreira , Oliveira Ana Carolina Santana de , Martins Rodrigo Almeida , Freitas Carolayne Araújo de Oliveira
Published: January 2021

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar se a água em bebedouros de escolas da rede municipal em três bairros de Feira de Santana/BA seguia os parâmetros para ausência de coliformes. As amostras foram analisadas em duplicata contemplando 16 escolas, onde as coletas de água eram feitas diretamente nos bebedouros após a assepsia com álcool 70% em frasco de vidro com tiossulfato de sódio a 10% sendo avaliadas no período igual a 24 horas. A técnica usada para identificação de coliformes totais e termotolerantes foi à de Tubos Múltiplos, na qual as amostras que apresentaram coliformes seguiram para realização das provas bioquímicas para identificação da espécie isolada. Dentre as escolas avaliadas 37,5% detectaram coliformes totais e 62,5% não apresentaram este agente entérico. Conclui-se que parte das escolas participantes desta pesquisa não segue os padrões de potabilidade de água estabelecidos pela Portaria de Consolidação n° 5 de 28 de setembro de 2017.
Horta vertical com garrafas PET para a construção de consciência ambiental de estudantes
Authors: Santos Adrielle de Souza , Souza Thaís Silva de , Lemes Maisa Souza , Teles Wanderson Siqueira , Paixão Caroliny Fatima Chaves da , Castro André Luis da Silva
Published: January 2021

Este estudo tem por objetivo relatar uma pesquisa e prática ambiental realizadas por meio da construção de uma horta vertical com garrafas PET com estudantes do 1º ano do Ensino Médio, no município de Urutaí-GO, sudeste do estado de Goiás. Para isso, inicialmente foi aplicado um pré-teste aos estudantes para avaliar o nível de interesse e preocupação em relação a alimentação saudável, produtos orgânicos, sustentabilidade e hortas orgânicas. Após o preenchimento do pré-teste foi ministrada uma aula sobre a temática ambiental e nutricional e confeccionada uma horta vertical, com garrafas PET, com a participação dos estudantes. Foram plantadas mudas de alface, cebolinha e hortelã. Após as atividades foi aplicado um pós-teste. Os resultados indicam que os estudantes se mostraram mais preocupados com a alimentação saudável e questões ambientais após a aula explicativa e a prática de construir a horta vertical. Conclui-se que a atividade com a horta vertical com garrafas PET contribuiu para o aumento de interesse dos estudantes por questões ambientais e nutricionais, o que a torna um bom instrumento para a construção de consciência ambiental de jovens.
Triagem fitoquímica, atividades antioxidante, fotoprotetora e hemolítica in vitro dos extratos de acetato de etila dos frutos e ramos de Spondias tuberosa (umbu)
Authors: Araújo Amanda Dias de , Oliveira Fernanda Granja da Silva , Lacerda Francinete Francis , Silva Carlos Eduardo Sales da , Santos Bruno Souza dos , Bezerra-Filho Clovis Macêdo , Ramos Bárbara de Azevedo , Harand Wolfgang , Silva Nicácio Henrique da , Paiva Patrícia Maria Guedes , Almeida Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva , Silva Márcia Vanusa da , Correia Maria Tereza dos Santos
Published: January 2021

Spondias tuberosa é uma planta medicinal usada para tratar doenças inflamatórias e distúrbios digestivos. Foram investigadas as atividades fitoquímica, antioxidante, fotoprotetora e hemótica dos extratos de acetato de etila dos frutos e ramos. As atividades antioxidantes foram avaliadas pelos ensaios de DPPH, ABTS e fosfomolibdênio. As atividades fotoprotetora e hemolítica foram avaliadas pelo método espectrofotométrico. A identificação das classes de compostos do extrato dos ramos de acetato de etila foi realizada por HPLC. A análise por TLC demonstrou a presença de flavonóides, derivados cinâmicos, triterpenos e esteróides em ambos os extratos, e proantocianidinas e leucoantocianidinas apenas em ramos, e foi identificada por HPLC ácido gálico, ácido clorogênico, ácido caféico, ácido ferúlico no extrato de acetato de etila dos ramos. Extratos de ramos de acetato de etila apresentaram os melhores resultados: compostos fenólicos totais (83,88 ± 0,2 mg GAE/g), flavonóides (11,24 ± 2,0 mg QE/g), DPPH (88,80 ± 0,4%), ABTS (68,92 ± 0,7%), fosfomolibdênio (27,94 ± 0,26%) e fator de proteção solar (FPS) com 15,50 ± 0,41. Além disso, ambos os extratos não apresentaram atividade hemolítica. Portanto, os extratos dos ramos podem ser utilizados na produção de aplicações fotoprotetoras com fitocosméticos. Este trabalho é o primeiro relato da atividade fotoprotetora de Spondias tuberosa (umbu).
Substituição de sistema de retenção barra-clipe por Equator em overdenture sobre implante
Authors: Macêdo Térsia Cristina Silva , Lopes Camila de Carvalho Almança , Gonçalves Fabiana Santos , Cerda-Rizo Erick Rene , Mancia Brenda Lisseth Pineda , Silverio Morgana Guilherme de Castro
Published: January 2021

A reabilitação oral de um paciente desdentado total requer atenção para sua correta avaliação, criterioso planejamento e realização adequada desse planejamento. O presente trabalho relata caso de substituição de sistema de retenção barra-clipe pelo sistema Equator de uma overdenture inferior. Paciente do sexo feminino, 70 anos de idade, compareceu ao projeto de extensão “Overdenture para desdentados totais na geriatria”, queixando-se de um volume lingual grande da sua prótese inferior, dificultando sua alimentação e fonética e de fraturas sucessivas dessa prótese. O exame clínico intraoral revelou a presença de prótese total superior e overdenture inferior com o sistema de retenção barra-clipe, em que a posição espacial da barra estava inadequada e invadia o espaço da língua. Foi planejado a confecção de novas próteses e a substituição do sistema de retenção barra-clipe por um sistema independente. Ao levar o modelo de gesso inferior no delineador foi possível verificar que havia discrepância da inclinação dos implantes maior que 14º, selecionando-se assim o sistema Equator, o qual permite a captura de implantes com até 30º de discrepância. Este caso evidencia a necessidade de um planejamento reverso para a realização das cirurgias de implantes, de forma que um correto sistema de retenção seja escolhido ainda durante planejamento e a etapa cirúrgica seja executada de maneira a atender esse planejamento. Após a colocação das novas próteses e do novo sistema de retenção a paciente relatou melhora significativa na alimentação e fonética, bem como da estética das próteses, gerando bem estar físico, psíquico e social.
Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho e para a Saúde (PET - Saúde) Interprofissionalidade: Aproximações e distanciamentos com as definições da Educação Interprofissional
Authors: Torres Francisca Juliana Rocha , Correa Ana Clara de Souza , Freitas Cibelly Aliny Siqueira Lima , Santos Ricardo Lima dos , Rodrigues Antonia Rochelly Marques , Dias Maria Socorro de Araújo
Published: January 2021

O Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho e para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) trouxe na sua nona edição a temática em torno da Educação Interprofissional (EIP), visando a qualificação na formação de estudantes e profissionais, a partir de ações e discussões que articulem o ensino-serviço-comunidade. Dessa forma, este ensaio tem como objetivo descrever a percepção de um grupo tutorial do PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade sobre os distanciamentos e as aproximações das ações do programa com relação aos elementos essenciais da Educação Interprofissional. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência, sistematizado por integrantes do PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade Sobral, Ceará. As percepções dos integrantes foram resgatadas por meio da aplicação de um formulário criado no Google forms durante o mês de março de 2020. Assim, pode-se observar que os principais avanços envolvem a constituição dos grupos, pois, contemplam estudantes e profissionais de diferentes áreas, onde os participantes aprendem juntos e dialogam com outros saberes. Dentre as principais dificuldades ou distanciamentos estão a necessidade de uma maior integração entre os grupos tutoriais. Outro obstáculo posto, foi o desafio de trabalhar a interprofissionalidade no cenário de prática dos profissionais e docentes, pois, muitos não conhecem o conceito e estão acostumados a desenvolver suas atividades de forma uniprofissional. Conclui-se reforçando o Programa PET-Saúde como um espaço privilegiado para a construção de saber e diálogo entre as profissões, sendo importante buscar soluções para os desafios das vivências, reconhecendo a importância da atuação interprofissional e a qualificação da assistência à população em defesa do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).
Distribuição espacial de bacharéis em Educação Física no Estado do Pará com atuação na Atenção Básica à Saúde
Authors: Miranda Max José de Aviz , Bichara Cléa Nazaré Carneiro , Rodrigues Robson José de Souza , Oliveira Angélica Menezes Bessa , Silva Rosângela Lima da
Published: January 2021

Nas últimas décadas a Educação Física desde a resolução nº 218/97 que reconhece o profissional de educação física (PEF) como profissional da saúde de nível superior tem a sua inserção nos programas da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a distribuição espacial dos PEF bacharéis atuantes na APS no Estado do Pará, assim como a oferta de vagas pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). O estudo se desenvolveu através de um levantamento nas bases de dados on-line CNESNet, eMEC, sites das IES e Conselho Regional de Educação Física do Estado do Pará e teve como área de abrangência as 6 mesorregiões do Estado do Pará. Como resultados foi verificado que o PEF possui uma atuação de apenas 14,4% na APS estando presente em somente 51,25% dos municípios paraenses e principalmente no programa NASF-AB com 45%. Com relação as IES, foi observado que o curso de Bacharelado presencial disponibiliza 24,7% mais vagas anualmente, assim como sua oferta é predominantemente em instituições privadas. Constatou-se um avanço muito grande do Ensino a Distância (EAD) sendo neste caso a prevalência da modalidade Licenciatura. Ao final do estudo podemos concluir que a EF apesar dos grandes avanços na área da saúde coletiva nos últimos anos, ainda é preciso uma maior sensibilização tanto do profissional já inserido no mercado de trabalho, do graduando e também pelas IES, com a inserção de mais disciplinas voltadas para a saúde coletiva.
Ocorrência e mapeamento de cisticercose, fasciolose e hidatidose em bovinos e ovinos na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul (2018-2019) e importância em saúde pública
Authors: Polvora Diego Feijó , Timm Kaline da Silveira , Santos Marina Fucolo dos , Sedrez Pamela Aristimunho , Marmitt Iuri Vladimir Pioly , Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascoti , Cunha Rodrigo Casquero , Nizoli Leandro Quintana
Published: January 2021

A responsabilidade do setor agropecuário em produzir alimentos de forma eficaz busca também por atender essa demanda de forma sustentável gerando produtos seguros ao consumidor final. Cisticercose, fasciolose e hidatidose são zoonoses. A infecção humana ocorre pela ingestão de alimentos mal passados ou mal lavados contendo formas infectantes destes parasitos, podendo causar diversos prejuízos à saúde dos acometidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer a ocorrência destas três enfermidades em ovinos e bovinos com origem em municípios da área de abrangência da 12ª Supervisão Regional do Departamento de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal (DIPOA) da SEAPDR-RS, abatidos sob inspeção estadual no período de janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2019. Neste período foram abatidos o total de 227.946 bovinos, sendo 113.907 em 2018 e 114.039 em 2019, contabilizados animais de diversas categorias de idade. A taxa média de ocorrência considerando o período foi de 0,75% para cisticercose, 49,14% para fasciolose e 16,22% para hidatidose. O número total de ovinos abatidos foi 45.695, dos quais, 23.746 no ano de 2018 e 21.949 no ano de 2019. As ocorrências das doenças nesta espécie, considerando a média para o período, foram 0,86% para cisticercose, 0,63% para fasciolose e 11,62% para hidatidose. Conclui-se que, neste período de estudo, a fasciolose apresentou a maior ocorrência em bovinos e a hidatidose em ovinos. Os dados avaliados neste artigo servem como ferramenta para ações em saúde pública e evidenciam a importância dos Serviços de Inspeção Oficial e do profissional Médico Veterinário na obtenção de alimentos seguros.
Supplemented Creatine Induces Changes in Human Metabolism
of Thiocompounds and One- and Two-Carbon Units
Authors: Navrátil T , Kohlíková E , Petr M , Pelclová D , Heyrovský M , Přistoupilová K
Published: January 2021

The administration of creatine (5 g/day for one month) to 11
young active sportsmen affected their urinary excretion of
creatine, creatinine, and thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) as well as
blood levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folates. The
probands were divided into four groups, according to the amount
of creatine found in urine, and of folates and vitamin B12
determined in blood. The changes of folates and vitamin B12 were
mutually reciprocal. Each group utilized CR as donor of one- and
two-carbon (1C and 2C) units by means of homocysteine
(HoCySH), folates, and vitamin B12, in different metabolic
pathways. In 10 men the creatine administration was
accompanied by an increase of HoCySH level in blood, while in
the last man, with accidentally discovered hyperhomocysteinemia, the HoCySH level dropped by 50 %. Differences
between initial and terminal TDGA levels indicate that creatine
affects equilibria of redox processes. Creatinine excretion into
urine changed in the dependence on the extent of metabolic
disturbances.
Antiatherogenic Effect of Simvastatin Is Not Due to Decrease of LDL
Cholesterol in Ovariectomized Golden Syrian Hamster
Authors: Pitha J , Bobková D , Kovář J , Havlíčková J , Poledne R
Published: January 2021

The changes of the composition of blood lipoproteins caused by
menopause could also change the effect of hypolipidemic
therapy. Using an experimental model we studied the changes of
serum lipids and the effect of immediate or delayed treatment
with simvastatin on atherosclerosis after surgical menopause.
Female golden Syrian hamster aged 6 months were fed
hypercholesterolemic diet during the whole study.
Atherosclerotic changes in thoracic and abdominal aortas were
assessed by stereomicroscopic method after 12 weeks. Four
experimental groups were studied: sham-operated animals
(n=5), ovariectomized animals (n=9), ovariectomized animals
treated for 12 weeks (n=10), and ovariectomized animals treated
4 weeks after ovariectomy for 8 weeks (n=9). The dose of
simvastatin was 10 mg/kg of body weight. After 12 weeks,
ovariectomized animals had tenfold higher concentration of
triglycerides in LDL fraction and significantly higher prevalence of
atherosclerosis than animals without ovariectomy. Treatment
with simvastatin substantially decreased the prevalence of
atherosclerotic changes, but otherwise did not change individual
serum lipids including LDL cholesterol. However, it improved
proportions of pro- and antiatherogenic serum lipids mainly by
the increase of HDL cholesterol. The timing of simvastatin
treatment had no significant effect on atherosclerotic changes or
lipid parameters. Simvastatin treatment partly prevented
atherosclerotic changes induced by ovariectomy. This effect was
not mediated by decrease of LDL cholesterol, but by increase in
HDL cholesterol.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF FORMULATE SHARE LISTEN CREATE (FSLC) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA POKOK BAHASAN KESETIMBANGAN ION DAN PH LARUTAN PENYANGGA
Authors: Mustika Karina Dilla , Amran Elva Yasmi , Holiwarni Betty
Published: January 2021

The research is aimed to improve student learning achievement on the subject of equilibrium ion and pH buffer solution in class XI MIA SMAN 1 Pekanbaru. This type of research is an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru. The sample study was included class XI MIA 6 as an experimental class and class XI MIA 5 as a control class. The experimental class was applied the cooperative learning model FSLC. The data analysis technique used is the t-test. Based on the results of the data analysis test, tcount> ttable is 1.78> 1.67, meaning that the application of cooperative learning model FSLC can improve student learning achievement on the subject of equilibrium ion and pH buffer solution in class XI MIA of SMA Negeri 1 Pekanbaru.
Mechanical Behavior of Spin-Coated Sb2S3 light Absorption Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Mao , Yoo Dayoung , Jeon Youngseon , Lee Dongyun
Published: January 2021

To measure the mechanical properties of Sb2S3, a two-component compound semiconductor used in the light absorption layer of a solar cell, Sb2S3 thin films were formed on FTO glass using the spin coating method. The spin-coated Sb2S3 thin films were heat-treated at 200 oC in an Ar atmosphere for up to 1 hour to form a thin film with continuous crystalline structures. A nanoindentation system was used to measure the mechanical properties of the spin-coated Sb2S3 thin films, and the phenomena appearing during indentation were analyzed. We used the continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) technique, and Young's modulus and hardness measured with the indentation depth of 250 nm were about 53.1 GPa and 1.43 GPa, respectively. The results were analyzed and compared with literature values, which varied from 40 GPa for the nanowire forms of Sb2S3 to 117 GPa, based upon simulation results. Since there are few studies on the mechanical properties of spin-coated Sb2S3 thin films, the results of this study are worthwhile. Besides, we observed that the Sb2S3 thin film had a little brittleness in the indentation test at higher load, and the microstructure was pushed around the indenter depending on the degree of bonding to the FTO glass substrate. This is a matter to be considered when making flexible devices in the future.
Cold Cracks in Fillet Weldments of 600 MPa Tensile Strength Low Carbon Steel and Microstructural Effects on Hydrogen Embrittlement Sensitivity and Hydrogen Diffusion
Authors: An Hyoungjin , Lee Junghoon , Park Hanji , Yoo Jaeseok , Chung Sungwook , Park Jongmin , Kang Namhyun
Published: January 2021

Hydrogen flowing into a weld causes hydrogen embrittlement (HE), so to prevent cold cracks in the weld, HE must be suppressed. In this study, single-pass fillet weldments were fabricated using two different welding fillers with the same strength level as the American Welding Society standard. The specimen F-HNi, which had a high, reversible hydrogen content, exhibited cold cracking in the fillet weld. The HE sensitivity index (HE index) was calculated using the in-situ slow strain rate test (SSRT). The reversible hydrogen trap concentration (Crev) and hydrogen diffusion coefficient (Deff) were calculated using the permeation test. The formation of low-temperature transformation phases such as bainite and martensite increased the Crev and decreased the Deff, thereby increasing the HE index. In addition, it was determined that reversible hydrogen was most effectively trapped in the low-temperature transformation phase, as confirmed by silver decoration. We concluded that the cold cracks in the F-HNi specimen were associated with the large Crev, small Deff, and large HE index. HE sensitivity can be controlled by optimizing the microstructure, even when welding fillers with the same level of strength are used. To reduce HE sensitivity, it is important to reduce the number of reversible hydrogen trap sites, by reducing the fraction of the low-temperature transformation phase where the reversible hydrogen trapping most occurs.
PERTAMBANGAN NIKEL DAN PROBLEMATIKANYA (Studi Fenomenologi di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan)
Authors: Peribadi Peribadi , Kasim Syaifuddin Suhri , Juhaepa Juhaepa , Sarmadan Sarmadan , Samsul Samsul , Montasir La Ode
Published: January 2021

Kajian ini merupakan bentuk studi “before and after” atas keberadaan industrialisasi pertambangan nikel dengan berbagai problematikanya di wilayah Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Pendekatan kualitatif dalam konteks Phenomenologi digunakan sebagai upaya mengembangkan telaah-telaah kritis reflektif atas berbagai fenomena, realitas dan hiperealitas yang mengemuka melalui instrumen pengamatan, wawancara mendalam (deep interview) dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jika alam pedesaan kita di masa lalu diibaratkan sebagai seorang gadis cantik yang demikian indah dan elok dipandang mata. Kini, alam pedesaan itu tampak tak mempesona lagi, karena satwa-satwa sebagai suatu realitas ekosistem yang alamiah telah digantikan oleh satwa-satwa baru, berupa peralatan raksasa penumbang pepohonan, penggali dan pengangkut tanah nikel serta mobil-mobil karyawan perusahaan yang lalulang seolah tak pernah berhenti dan tak kenal lelah dengan ekosistem khasnya tersendiri.
KONSTRUKSI BUDAYA COLLECTIVISM UNTUK OPTIMALISASI PERTANIAN JAGUNG
Authors: Halili Mohammad , Hartanto Erika Citra Sari
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran konstruksi budaya collectivism untuk mengoptimalkan pertanian jagung. Budaya collectivism merupakan prilaku sosial yang mengedepankan capaian kelompok dari pada capaian individu (individual’s goals). Dalam konteks ini, sistem budaya collectivism ini telah menyatukan persepsi masyarakat akan pentingnya gotong royong dari pada sistem upah misalnya dan juga merekatkan ikatan emosional (emotional attachment) antar individu, mendorong terciptanya concerns bersama, serta social sharing. Begitu nilai-nilai budaya ini tidak lagi menjadi landasan perilaku keseharian mereka, maka kegiatan bertani jagung hanya bisa dikategorikan sebagai pekerjaan yang semata-mata berkaitan dengan peluh dan lelah saja. Dengan demikian, bukanlah sesuatu yang mengherankan ketika tren masyarakat setempat saat ini cendrung mencari alternatif lain selain bertani jagung untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Sementara lahan desa, secara geografis, sangat mendukung untuk pengembangan pertanian jagung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan purposive/judgement sampling dengan metode interview. Pendekatan purposive/judgment sampling berarti peneliti menggunakan kriterianya sendiri untuk menentukan sampel yang akan terlibat dalam penelitian. Selain itu, pemanfaatan teknologi recording juga dilakukan untuk antisipasi data hilang dan memudahkan peneliti untuk me-recall data saat analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konstruksi budaya collectivism yang meliputi pemberian dha’erran (makanan) serta jokes (candaan) berasosiasi positif dengan kegiatan bertani jagung. Melalui konstruksi budaya ini concerns bersama dan social sharing dapat terbangun kembali. Dengan demikian, hasil pertanian jagung bisa optimal dan keinginan mereka untuk tetap bertani tetap terjaga.
PENGARUH COVID-19 TERHADAP AKTIVITAS SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT LHOKSEUMAWE
Authors: Syahputra Angga , Armayani Reni Ria , Syahmalluddin Lia Salvia
Published: January 2021

Dunia dikejutkan dengan kejadian yang tidak pernah ada sebelumnya. Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease-19 yang berawal dari China begitu cepat menyebar hampir ke seluruh penjuru dunia. Dalam waktu singkat, banyak korban yang meninggal dunia akibat terjangkit virus ini. Guna memutus rantai penyebaran Covid-19, berbagai wilayah melakukan kebijakan untuk melindungi masyarakatnya. Sejak ditetapkan menjadi pandemi, penyebaran Covid-19 berdampak ke segala aspek kehidupan termasuk sosial-ekonomi.  Kota Lhokseumawe yang berada pada posisi strategis antara Provinsi Sumatera Utara dan Provinsi Aceh, juga mengeluarkan berbagai kebijakan guna melindungi masyarakatnya dari Covid-19. Lhokseumawe sendiri menjadi zona merah penyebaran Covid-19 sampai dengan Oktober 2020. Secara umum aktivitas masyarakat di Kota Lhokseumawe pasca penyebaran Covid-19 tampak tidak ada perubahan yang berarti terhadap aspek sosial-ekonomi. Untuk itu, penelitian ini dilakukan guna melihat dampak Covid-19 terhadap aspek sosial-ekonomi masyarakat Kota Lhokseumawe. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan sumber data utama didapatkan dari hasil observasi dan wawancara, sedangkan untuk melengkapi penelitian, digunakan kajian literature yang didapat dari penelitian terdahulu. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan, tidak ada perubahan yang berarti terhadap kegiatan sosial-ekonomi masyarakat di Kota Lhokseumawe pada masa Covid-19. Perbedaan sudut pandang dalam cara menangani Covid-19 bagi masyarakat Lhokseumawe menjadi penyebab utama tidak berpengaruhnya Covid-19 terhadap aktivitas sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat.
PEREMPUAN PENENUN: DARI BUDAYA KERJA HINGGA PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA
Authors: Tuwu Darmin , Hartia Hartia , Bahtiar Bahtiar
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: pertama, mengetahui budaya bekerja dan etos kerja perempuan Desa Pajam Kecamatan Kaledupa Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi, kedua, mengelaborasi kontribusi perempuan bekerja sebagai penenun dalam meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan keluarga. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian sebanyak 16 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertama, budaya bekerja dan etos kerja perempuan Desa Pajam sangat tinggi yang diperoleh dari orang tua secara turun-temurun. Peran perempuan yang bekerja sebagai penenun sangat besar, di samping sebagai pendidik anak, pengelola rumah tangga, ibu rumah tangga juga dapat berperan sebagai pencari nafkah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga.  Kedua, kontribusi perempuan penenun dalam menopang perekonomian rumah tangga sangat besar dalam menambah penghasilan rumah tangga, memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari keluarga, dan menyelamatkan keluarga dari jeratan utang. Perempuan yang bekerja sebagai penenun mempunyai andil besar dalam menopang, mempertahankan, serta menjamin kelangsungan hidup dan kesejateraan keluarganya. Indikator kesejahteraan keluarga diukur dalam 5 hal pokok yaitu perumahan, pendidikan, sandang, kesehatan, dan pekerjaan.
How Racial Threat Motivates Partisan Differences in Anti-Democratic Attitudes
Authors: Thompson Andrew
Published: January 2021

A great deal of concern has been raised recently about anti-democratic support among the American public. Across two surveys on large samples of Americans, I find that Republicans are, in orders of magnitude, more supportive of anti-democratic norms and practices, such as violence against political opposition, than Democrats and Independents. Second, I find that racial threat primarily motivates these attitudes only among Republicans. Lastly, taking a parsimonious approach to threat, I find that these anti-democratic sentiments among Republicans are temporally driven. Future senses of minority threat are the only predictors of their anti-democratic attitudes. Overall, I confirm that a main current which underpins partisan politics is the changing demographic landscape of the United States.
ЕВРАЗИЙСТВО ДЛЯ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ РОССИИ
Authors: Кириченко Олег Викторович
Published: January 2021

Аннотация. Статья посвящена концепции евразийства, развивающейся во времени (с 1920-х годов по сегодняшний день) и претерпевшей значительную трансформацию как в содержательной части, так и в целевой. Сегодня евразийство – не столько научная теория, сколько идеология, вокруг которой концентрируются значительные силы внутри России и за рубежом. Евразийская мысль представлена двумя международными глобальными проектами: один с китайским центром, другой с турецким. Евразийство нельзя считать российским национальным проектом ни исторически, ни интенционально.
Ключевые слова: евразийство, неоевразийство, нация, этнос, идеология, научная теория, монгольская империя, китайский проект, турецкий проект.
Abstract. The article is devoted to the concept of Eurasianism, evolving in time (from the 1920s to the present day) and undergoing a significant transformation both in the content and in the target. Today Eurasianism is not so much a scientific theory as an ideology around which significant forces are concentrated within Russia and abroad. Eurasian thought is represented by two international global projects: one with a Chinese center, the other with a Turkish one. Eurasianism cannot be considered a Russian national project, either historically or intentionally.
Key words: Eurasianism, neo-Eurasianism, nation, ethnos, ideology, scientific theory, Mongol Empire, Chinese project, Turkish project.
The Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Medium Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates Produced by Pseudomonas putida LS46 on Various Substrates
Authors: Dartiailh Christopher , Blunt Warren , Sharma Parveen K. , Liu Song , Cicek Nazim , Levin David B.
Published: January 2021

Medium chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) were produced byPseudomonas putidaLS46 cultured with a variety of carbohydrate and fatty acid substrates. The monomer compositions and molecular weights of the polymers varied greatly and was dependent on whether the substrate was metabolized via the fatty acid degradation or thede novofatty acid synthesis pathways. The highest molecular weights were obtained from medium chain-length fatty acids, whereas low molecular weights were obtained from longer chain-length and more unsaturated fatty acids or carbohydrates. The differences in monomer compositions and molecular weights due to the choice of substrate did not affect the polymer thermal degradation point. The glass transition temperatures varied from −39.4°C to −52.7°C. The melting points, when observed, ranged from 43.2°C to 51.2°C. However, a profound substrate effect was observed on the crystallinity of these polymers. Reduced crystallinity was observed when the monomer compositions deviated away from C8–C10 monomer lengths. The highest crystallinity was observed from medium chain-length fatty acids, which resulted in polymers with the highest tensile strength. The polymer produced from octanoic acid exhibited the highest tensile strength of 4.3 MPa with an elongation-at-break of 162%, whereas the polymers produced from unsaturated, long-chain fatty acids remained amorphous. A comparative analysis of the substrate effect on the physical-mechanical and thermal properties of mcl-PHAs better clarifies the relationship between the monomer composition and their potential applications, and also aids to direct future PHA synthesis research toward properties of interest.
prPred: A Predictor to Identify Plant Resistance Proteins by Incorporating k-Spaced Amino Acid (Group) Pairs
Authors: Wang Yansu , Wang Pingping , Guo Yingjie , Huang Shan , Chen Yu , Xu Lei
Published: January 2021

To infect plants successfully, pathogens adopt various strategies to overcome their physical and chemical barriers and interfere with the plant immune system. Plants deploy a large number of resistance (R) proteins to detect invading pathogens. The R proteins are encoded by resistance genes that contain cell surface-localized receptors and intracellular receptors. In this study, a new plant R protein predictor called prPred was developed based on a support vector machine (SVM), which can accurately distinguish plant R proteins from other proteins. Experimental results showed that the accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, MCC, and AUC of prPred were 0.935, 1.000, 0.806, 1.000, 0.893, 0.857, and 0.948, respectively, on an independent test set. Moreover, the predictor integrated the HMMscan search tool and Phobius to identify protein domain families and transmembrane protein regions to differentiate subclasses of R proteins. prPred is available at https://github.com/Wangys-prog/prPred. The tool requires a valid Python installation and is run from the command line.
Estrogen Receptor Beta Prevents Signet Ring Cell Gastric Carcinoma Progression in Young Patients by Inhibiting Pseudopodia Formation via the mTOR–Arpc1b/EVL Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Xingzhou , Xia Xuefeng , Xu En , Yang Zhi , Shen Xiaofei , Du Shangce , Chen Xiaotong , Lu Xiaofeng , Jin Wei , Guan Wenxian
Published: January 2021

Signet ring cell gastric carcinoma (SRCGC) is a poorly differentiated malignancy, and can be highly dangerous in the progression stage. There is a higher male to female ratio among patients with signet ring cell carcinoma as compared to patients with non-SRCGC. ERβ has been found to express in stomach adenocarcinoma, but how it affects tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we studied estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) to explore the role of sex-associated factors in SRCGC. We analyzed the clinicopathological statistics of patients with SRCGC, and conducted a series of in vitro experiments. Immunohistochemistry showed that patients with low ERβ expression were at risk of poor prognosis and higher T stage. In vitro assays indicated that ERβ might prevent SRCGC progression by inhibiting cell proliferation and invasiveness and by promoting anoikis. Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR proved that the mTOR–Arpc1b/EVL signaling pathway might participate in the negative regulatory role of ERβ. In conclusion, our findings show that ERβ might inhibit the malignancy of signet ring cells in patients with SRCGC, indicating that ERβ might be a potential target in adjuvant treatment.
Betacellulin-Induced α-Cell Proliferation Is Mediated by ErbB3 and ErbB4, and May Contribute to β-Cell Regeneration
Authors: Lee Young-Sun , Song Gyun Jee , Jun Hee-Sook
Published: January 2021

Betacellulin (BTC), an epidermal growth factor family, is known to promote β-cell regeneration. Recently, pancreatic α-cells have been highlighted as a source of new β-cells. We investigated the effect of BTC on α-cells. Insulin+glucagon+ double stained bihormonal cell levels and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 expression were increased in mice treated with recombinant adenovirus-expressing BTC (rAd-BTC) and β-cell-ablated islet cells treated with BTC. In the islets of rAd-BTC-treated mice, both BrdU+glucagon+ and BrdU+insulin+ cell levels were significantly increased, with BrdU+glucagon+ cells showing the greater increase. Treatment of αTC1-9 cells with BTC significantly increased proliferation and cyclin D2 expression. BTC induced phosphorylation of ErbB receptors in αTC1-9 cells. The proliferative effect of BTC was mediated by ErbB-3 or ErbB-4 receptor kinase. BTC increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, and mTOR and PC1/3 expression and GLP-1 production in α-cells, but BTC-induced proliferation was not changed by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, exendin-9. We suggest that BTC has a direct role in α-cell proliferation via interaction with ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 receptors, and these increased α-cells might be a source of new β-cells.
Progression Risk Assessment of Post-surgical Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Based on Circular RNA-Associated Competing Endogenous RNA Mechanisms
Authors: Wu Mengwei , Li Shuo , Han Jiashu , Liu Rui , Yuan Hongwei , Xu Xiequn , Li Xiaobin , Liu Ziwen
Published: January 2021

Background: Accurate risk assessment of post-surgical progression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients is critical. Exploring key differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) regulated by differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) via the ceRNA mechanism could help establish a novel assessment tool.

Methods: ceRNA network was established based on differentially expressed RNAs and correlation analysis. DE-mRNAs within the ceRNA network associated with progression-free interval (PFI) of PTC were identified to construct a prognostic ceRNA regulatory subnetwork. least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)–Cox regression was applied to identify hub DE-mRNAs and establish a novel DE-mRNA signature in predicting PFI of PTC.

Results: Six hub DE-mRNAs, namely, CLCNKB, FXBO27, FXYD6, RIMS2, SPC24, and CDKN2A, were identified to be most significantly related to the PFI of PTC, and a prognostic DE-mRNA signature was proposed. A nomogram incorporating the DE-mRNA signature and clinical parameters was established to improve the progression risk assessment in post-surgical PTC, which was superior to the American Thyroid Association risk stratification system and distant Metastasis, patient Age, Completeness of resection, local Invasion, and tumor Size (MACIS) score American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system.

Conclusions: Based on the circRNA-associated ceRNA RNA mechanism, a DE-mRNA signature and prognostic nomogram was established, which may improve the progression risk assessment in post-surgical PTC.
Vascular Notch Signaling in Stress Hematopoiesis
Authors: Huang Can , Yang Dawei , Ye George W. , Powell Charles A. , Guo Peipei
Published: January 2021

Canonical Notch signaling is one of the most conserved signaling cascades. It regulates cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell fate maintenance in a variety of biological systems during development and cancer (Fortini, 2009; Kopan and Ilagan, 2009; Andersson et al., 2011; Ntziachristos et al., 2014). For the hematopoietic system, during embryonic development, Notch1 is essential for the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at the aorta-gornado-mesonephro regions of the dorsal aorta. At adult stage, Notch receptors and Notch targets are expressed at different levels in diverse hematopoietic cell types and influence lineage choices. For example, Notch specifies T cell lineage over B cells. However, there has been a long-lasting debate on whether Notch signaling is required for the maintenance of adult HSCs, utilizing transgenic animals inactivating different components of the Notch signaling pathway in HSCs or niche cells. The aims of the current mini-review are to summarize the evidence that disapproves or supports such hypothesis and point at imperative questions waiting to be addressed; hence, some of the seemingly contradictory findings could be reconciled. We need to better delineate the Notch signaling events using biochemical assays to identify direct Notch targets within HSCs or niche cells in specific biological context. More importantly, we call for more elaborate studies that pertain to whether niche cell type (vascular endothelial cells or other stromal cell)-specific Notch ligands regulate the differentiation of T cells in solid tumors during the progression of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). We believe that the investigation of vascular endothelial cells' or other stromal cell types' interaction with hematopoietic cells during homeostasis and stress can offer insights toward specific and effective Notch-related therapeutics.