bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In‐stream population structuring of Lake Sturgeon in Northern Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Nelson Patrick A. , Gosselin Thierry , McDougall Craig A. , Bernatchez Louis
Published: May 2023

The Lake Sturgeon is a long‐lived, late‐maturing fish that declined significantly in abundance over the past 150 years. Since the 1990s, stocking has been used to recover numerous Lake Sturgeon populations across North America. Ill‐informed genetic mixing among populations can have unintended negative consequences, so a genotype‐by‐sequencing (GBS) study was undertaken to help guide the stocking strategy for Lake Sturgeon on the 653‐km‐long Nelson River, Manitoba. Tissue samples collected from 416 adults captured from 12 locations along the Nelson River, and from the Hayes and Churchill rivers that also empty into Hudson Bay, were sequenced using Illumina technology. A bioinformatics pipeline yielded 5637 high‐quality filtered markers. Genetic differentiation (overall meanFSTof 0.028; a range of means: 0–0.16) revealed spatial structuring among and within rivers. Two populations were found in the upper Nelson River, two more in the middle Nelson, and one in the lower Nelson. Discriminant analysis of principal components revealed first‐generation migrants and a general lack of effective dispersal, which raises questions about historical versus contemporary influence. Lake Sturgeon stocking in northern Manitoba should avoid mixing among rivers and among Nelson River sections.
Efficacy and safety of biological agents for pemphigoid: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Zhipeng , Zhao Yixin , Li Feng , Li Jinzhuo , Huang Xianqiong
Published: May 2023

Biologic agents (also termed biologics) have become an important adjuvant‐targeted treatment option in autoimmune blistering disease. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of newly licensed biologics for the management of pemphigoid using a meta‐analysis. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies involving pemphigoid patients treated with biological agents (rituximab, dupilumab, omalizumab, or mepolizumab) were searched. The pooled risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the short‐term efficacy, adverse event (AE), relapse, and long‐term survival. A total of seven studies involving 296 patients were identified. The pooled RRs for short‐term effectiveness, AE, relapse, and long‐term survival rate in patients treated with biological agents versus systemic corticosteroids were 1.37 (95% CI 0.95–1.97; I2 = 82%; P = 0.09), 0.54 (95% CI 0.39–0.73; I2 = 13%; P = 0.005), 1.36 (95% CI 0.95–1.96; I2 = 16.8%; P = 0.19), and 1.08 (95% CI 0.95–1.21; I2 = 48.1%; P = 0.53), respectively. Meta‐regression and subgroup analysis revealed that the RRs of efficacy were 2.10 (95% CI 1.61–2.75; I2 = 0%; P < 0.00001) for rituximab and 2.07 (95% CI 1.61–2.67; I2 = 0%; P < 0.00001) for sample size greater than 30. Compared with conventional therapy, biologics treatment was significantly associated with fewer adverse events (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found for efficacy and relapse (P > 0.05). The findings demonstrate that a biologics‐containing regimen could minimize the occurrence of AEs and might display a comparable efficacy and recurrence to that of receiving systemic corticosteroids.
Evaluation of needling‐induced autoinoculation in the management of genital warts
Authors: El‐fakkar Nehal M. Z. , El‐Khateeb Ekramy A. , Gamal Nourhan
Published: May 2023

Background

Genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) are one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Long latency, lesions' multiplicity, high recurrence rate, and the tendency to malignant transformation are essential challenges during management. Traditional treatment modalities are known to be lesion‐directed while intralesional immunotherapy was introduced to act beyond individual lesions and to confront the previous challenges through injection of known antigens, such as measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, to stimulate the immune system against HPV. Needling‐induced autoinoculation is also considred as an immunotherapeutic procedure that does not include the injection of antigens. We evaluated the efficacy of needling‐induced autoinoculation in the management of genital warts.

Methods

Fifty patients with multiple recurrent (≥4) genital warts were divided into two equal groups. One group was subjected to needling‐induced autoinoculation and the other was subjected to intralesional MMR injection every 2 weeks for a maximum of three sessions. Follow‐up was done for 8 weeks after the last session.

Results

Both needling and MMR showed statistically significant therapeutic outcome. Needling showed significant improvement with regard to the number (P = 0.000) and size (P = 0.003) of lesions. In parallel, MMR showed significant improvement with regard to the number (P = 0.001) and size (P = 0.021) of lesions. There was no statistically significant difference between both treatments outcomes in regard to number (P = 0.860) and size (P = 0.929) of lesions.

Conclusions

Both needling and MMR are effective immunotherapeutic modalities in management of genital warts. Needling‐induced autoinoculation, being more safe and inexpensive, may be considered as a competing choice.
Morphology of myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Ng Zi Yun , Fuller Kathryn A. , Mazza‐Parton Allegra , Erber Wendy N.
Published: May 2023

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a group of clonal haematological malignancies first described by Dameshek in 1957. The Philadelphia‐negative MPN that will be described are polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia (ET), pre‐fibrotic myelofibrosis and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The blood and bone marrow morphology are essential in diagnosis, for WHO classification, establishing a baseline, monitoring response to treatment and identifying changes that may indicate disease progression. The blood film changes may be in any of the cellular elements. The key bone marrow features are architecture and cellularity, relative complement of individual cell types, reticulin content and bony structure. Megakaryocytes are the most abnormal cell and key to classification, as their number, location, size and cytology are all disease‐defining. Reticulin content and grade are integral to assignment of the diagnosis of myelofibrosis. Even with careful assessment of all these features, not all cases fit neatly into the diagnostic entities; there is frequent overlap reflecting the biological disease continuum rather than distinct entities. Notwithstanding this, an accurate morphologic diagnosis in MPN is crucial due to the significant differences in prognosis between different subtypes and the availability of different therapies in the era of novel agents. The distinction between “reactive” and MPN is also not always straightforward and caution needs to be exercised given the prevalence of “triple negative” MPN. Here we describe the morphology of MPN including comments on changes with disease evolution and with treatment.
Career stage‐specific predictors of reflective ability among clinical nurses
Authors: Nishimoto Akiko , Fukada Mika , Okuda Reiko , Tanimura Chika
Published: May 2023

Aims

To identify career stage‐specific factors that influence reflective ability in clinical nurses and the relative strength of these effects.

Design

Exploratory cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Between August and September 2019, nursing professionals working at general hospitals (n = 1169) completed a questionnaire on reflective ability and its suspected influencing factors. Participants were grouped by career stage as defined by years of nursing experience. Each factor's predictive strength regarding different dimensions of reflective ability was analysed separately in each group via stepwise multiple regression.

Results

Reflective ability was significantly influenced by support for personal growth from superiors and seniors among first‐year participants and professional identity formation among those in their second or later years. Furthermore, it was significantly influenced by self‐confidence in nursing practice in years 4–5, effort to improve knowledge and skills in years 6–9 and role model presence in years 10–19.

Conclusion

Career stage‐specific predictors of reflective ability were related to nurses' environment and changes in the roles expected of them. Support measures aimed at improving this capacity should emphasize factors characteristic of the career stage(s) of nursing professionals.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Identifying the influencing factors of nurses' reflective ability can improve the same, deepen nurses' views on nursing, help them develop an intentional nursing practice and contribute to the improvement of the quality of nursing practice.

Impact

This study is the first to identify career stage‐specific predictors of reflective ability in clinical nurses and the relative strength of their effects. Reflective ability was affected by growth support from superiors and seniors in first‐year nurses and formation of nursing identity in second‐year nurses. Additionally, nurses' environment and various roles affected their reflective ability. Hospitals should build an appropriate environment for nurses and develop the concept of ‘oneself as a nurse’ among nurses.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study was conducted with the approval of an ethical review committee that included general citizens. Furthermore, the research results were reviewed by general citizens prior to dissemination, and we received their opinions as to whether the writing was sufficiently clear and whether the information required by the audience was included. We improved the content to be disseminated based on relevant opinions provided.
The multifaceted nature of risk behaviour among adolescents—A document analysis of patient and aftercare service providers' records
Authors: Petäjä Ulla‐Kaarina , Terkamo‐Moisio Anja , Häggman‐Laitila Arja
Published: May 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to describe the forms and the prevalence of risk behaviour among adolescents in aftercare services, as well as identify the associated factors and use of services by adolescents.

Background

Adolescents in aftercare services represent a vulnerable group that struggles with several aspects of life. The challenges they face are known to accumulate in certain individuals, and the problems that are relevant for this group tend to have an intergenerational nature.

Design

The research applied retrospective document analysis, with the analysed data comprising information on 698 adolescents in aftercare services in one large Finnish city from the fall of 2020.

Methods

The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate methods.

Results

Risk behaviour was identified among 616 of the studied adolescents (88.3%), and manifested as substance abuse, reckless sexual behaviour and/or use of money, nicotine use, self‐destructive behaviour, delinquency and functional dependencies. Regarding the associations between risk behaviour and background variables, an adolescents’ child's clientship in child protection or the child's placement in foster care, adolescent's need for support in parenting, problems with daily rhythm and problems with studying were found to influence the prevalence of risk behaviour. Forms of risk behaviour were also found to be associated with each other. Adolescents displaying risk behaviour commonly did not use the social counsellor, psychiatric outpatient care and study counselling services, even if they would have needed them.

Conclusions

The interconnections between different forms of risk behaviour mean that this issue should be prioritized when developing aftercare services.

Impact

This is the first time that risk behaviour among adolescents in aftercare services has been comprehensively examined. Understanding this phenomenon is key to identifying future research topics, guiding decision‐making and helping stakeholders truly understand the needs of these adolescents.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution as the study was based on a document analysis.
Evaluation of the relationship between food addiction and depression, anxiety, and stress in university students: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Kayaoğlu Kübra , Göküstün Kerim Kaan , Ay Eda
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between food addiction (FA) and depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) in university students.

Design and Methods

The research was conducted with 362 university students who met the study criteria and volunteered to participate in the study. The study data were collected using a personal information form, the modified Yale food addiction scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0), and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS‐21).

Findings

It was determined that 40% of the students participating in the study had FA. The mean score of students with FA on the DASS‐21 scale was determined as 25.90 ± 14.56 and the scores they received from the anxiety, depression, and stress subdimension as (8.14 ± 5.57, 9.04 ± 5.46, 8.72 ± 5.60, respectively). The scores of students without FA from the anxiety, depression, and stress subdimension, where the mean score of the DASS‐21 scale is 14.79 ± 12.72, were determined as (4.67 ± 4.48, 4.98 ± 4.96, 5.13 ± 5.05, respectively). It was found that the mean scores of participants with FA were higher than those without FA, and the difference between the groups was determined statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Practice Implications

The rates of DAS of students with FA were found to be higher compared to those without FA. In the treatment of FA in clinical services, nurses and other health professionals should identify and treat psychiatric comorbidities associated with FA, such as depression and anxiety.
Characteristics of mpox positive, versus mpox negative, and mpox unsuspected clients from the Centre of Sexual Health, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, 20 May to 15 September 2022
Authors: Siegenbeek van Heukelom M. L. , Jongen V. W. , Schouten J. , Hoornenborg E. , Bruisten S. , Westerhuis B. , Welkers M. R. , Vergunst C. E. , Prins M. , Schim van der Loeff M. F. , de Vries H. J. C.
Published: May 2023

Background

In May 2022, an outbreak of mpox (monkeypox) in men‐who‐have‐sex‐with‐men (MSM) emerged and quickly affected over 100 countries. In the early stages of the outbreak, overlap in symptoms with sexually transmitted infections (STI) made triage for mpox testing challenging. More information was needed on whom to screen and the main route of transmission.

Objectives

We aimed to identify characteristics of mpox cases to further strengthen case definitions. We also compared Cycle threshold (Ct) values of the DNA positive mpox samples as a proxy for viral load by body location.

Methods

From 20 May 2022 to 15 September 2022, we tested all MSM who presented with malaise, and/or ulcerative lesions, and/or proctitis and/or a papular‐vesicular‐pustular eruption attending the Centre of Sexual Health in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, for mpox, with a PCR test. In the same period, 6932 MSM mpox unsuspected clients were not tested. We compared those tested positive for mpox with those tested negative and those unsuspected for mpox.

Results

Of the 374 MSM tested, 135 (36%) were positive for mpox. The mpox‐positive MSM were older (median age, respectively, 36, 34 and 34 years, p = 0.019) and more often lived with HIV (30% vs. 16% and 7%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, mpox‐positive patients more often reported receptive anal sex without a condom, sexualized drug use, more sex partners, and were more often diagnosed with bacterial STI (p < 0.001). Systemic symptoms and anogenital lesions were associated with mpox infection. For mpox‐positive patients, anal samples (p = 0.009) and lesional samples (p = 0.006) showed significantly lower median mpox Ct values compared to throat samples.

Conclusions

Mpox‐positive patients more often reported receptive anal sex without a condom, had more sex partners and more often lived with HIV. Our results suggest that in the current mpox outbreak among MSM, sexual transmission is the main route.
The ‘chessboard of healing strategies’: A cardiological application
Authors: Leder Drew , Krucoff Mitchell W.
Published: May 2023

Rationale

The question of how to adaptively cope with chronic illnesses, aging, and other sources of bodily impairment is crucial for patients and clinicians alike, though sometimes overlooked in the focus on biomedical treatment.

Aims and Objectives

To examine the array of strategies available to patients and their practitioners, to employ in the face of bodily breakdown.

Method

Co‐written by a philosopher and cardiologist, this article uses a detailed case study of a patient suffering a myocardial infarction leading to chronic heart failure, with examples of effective or suboptimal care. This enables a discussion of how the clinician or clinical team can best facilitate existential healing, that is, adaptive and creative resilience in the face of chronic impairment.

Results and Conclusions

We outline a “chessboard of healing,” involving the possibility‐spaces for dealing constructively with bodily breakdown. This set of strategies is shown to be nonarbitrary, drawn directly from contemporary work on the phenomenology of the lived body. For example, as we both experience the body as that which ‘I am’, and as that which ‘I have’, separable from the self, patients can react to illness by moving towards their bodies in modes of listening and befriending, or away from their body, ignoring or detaching themselves from symptoms. Then too, as the body is ever changing in time, one can seek restoration to a previous state, or transformation to new patterns of bodily usage, including passage into a whole new life‐narrative.
On stomatocysts of Paraphysomonas caelifrica (Stramenopiles, Paraphysomonadida)
Authors: Kapustin Dmitry , Ignatenko Marina , Yatsenko‐Stepanova Tatyana
Published: May 2023

Stomatocysts of the rare heterotrophic chrysophyte, Paraphysomonas caelifrica, were discovered from a shallow ephemeral pond Tavolgasai (“Orenburgskiy” State Nature Reserve, Orenburg Region, Russia). Morphology of stomatocysts was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Stomatocysts of P. caelifrica are spherical and smooth with a cylindrical collar surrounding the regular pore. So, they do not belong to the stomatocyst 1 Duff and Smol as previously thought. The description of a new stomatocyst morphotype is provided.
Movement and population dispersal of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) across the Eastern Tropical Pacific inferred from carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses
Authors: Briones‐Hernández Sergio A. , Jakes‐Cota Ulianov , Elorriaga‐Verplancken Fernando R. , Galván‐Magaña Felipe , Logan John M. , O'Sullivan John , Carvajal‐Rodríguez José Miguel , Elias Esteban , Alfaro‐Shigueto Joanna , Ortega‐García Sofía
Published: May 2023

The dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is a globally distributed marine predator that supports one of the most important coastal fisheries along the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), but its spatial movements in this area are poorly understood. Stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) of white muscle from dolphinfish (n = 220) captured at different locations across the ETP (i.e., Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru and oceanic areas) were normalized to copepod baseline stable isotope values to estimate dolphinfish trophic position, movements and population dispersal. Movement or residence patterns were inferred from the difference in δ15N values (Δ15Ndolphinfish‐copepod‰) between copepods and dolphinfish muscle. Baseline corrected isotope values (δ13Cdolphinfish‐copepod and δ15Ndolphinfish‐copepod) of dolphinfish muscle were used to estimate isotopic niche metrics and infer population dispersal across isoscapes. Values of δ13C and δ15N differed between juvenile and adult dolphinfish and across the ETP. Trophic position estimates ranged from 3.1 to 6.0 with a mean of 4.6. Adults and juveniles had similar trophic position estimates, whereas isotopic niche areas (SEA ‰2) of adults were greater relative to juveniles in every location. Adult dolphinfish showed “moderate movement by some individuals” in all locations based on Δ15Ndolphinfish‐copepod values, except for Costa Rica where adults were classified with “high degree of movement by some individuals” whereas juveniles showed “limited movement” in all areas except Mexico. Population dispersal based on Δ15Ndolphinfish‐copepod values showed “moderate” and “high” dispersal for adults and “no dispersal” for most juveniles, except for Mexico. This study provides insight into potential dolphinfish spatial mobility across an area of interest for multiple nations, which can help to improve stock assessments and management of the species.
Palliative care for cancer patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A narrative synthesis from 36 studies of 16 countries
Authors: Zhao Dan‐Yan , Hu Shi‐Qi , Hu Fei‐Hong , Du Wei , Tang Wen , Zhang Wan‐Qing , Chen Hong‐Lin , Shen Wang‐Qin
Published: May 2023

Background

During the COVID‐19 epidemic, palliative care has become even more indispensable for cancer patients.

Aim

To identify the changes in palliative care for cancer patients and improvements in palliative care quality during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Design

A systematic review and narrative synthesis was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. An evaluation tool using mixed methods was used to assess the quality of the study. The main relevant themes identified were used to group qualitative and quantitative findings.

Results

A total of 36 studies were identified, primarily from different countries, with a total of 14,427 patients, 238 caregivers and 354 health care providers. Cancer palliative care has been experiencing several difficulties following the COVID‐19 pandemic, including increased mortality and infection rates as well as delays in patient treatment that have resulted in poorer prognoses. Treatment providers are seeking solutions such as electronic management of patients and integration of resources to care for the mental health of patients and staff. Telemedicine plays an important role in many ways but cannot completely replace traditional treatment. Clinicians strive to meet patients' palliative care needs during special times and improve their quality of life.

Conclusions

Palliative care faces unique challenges during the COVID‐19 epidemic. With adequate support to alleviate care‐related challenges, patients in the home versus hospital setting will be able to receive better palliative care. In addition, this review highlights the importance of multiparty collaboration to achieve personal and societal benefits of palliative care.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Whose lips are sealed? Gender differences in knowledge hiding at work
Authors: Andreeva Tatiana , Zappa Paola
Published: May 2023

Knowledge hiding – intentionally concealing knowledge from a colleague who requested it – is often damaging for individuals and organizations. Amongst the factors explaining knowledge hiding, one has been overlooked, despite being an important lens for understanding employee behaviours: gender. In this article, we investigate its relevance by examining whether and how gender shapes two complementary aspects of knowledge hiding behaviour: frequency of hiding, and the approaches that knowledge hiders employ to do so. Building on extant literature about gender roles at the workplace, we suggest that the social roles into which women and men are socialized, and the sanctions they face if they behave incongruently with these roles affect both aspects of knowledge hiding. We explore these ideas in a multi‐wave study of full‐time employees based in the United Kingdom (n = 449). Our findings suggest that men hide their knowledge from colleagues more frequently. In addition, both women and men hide knowledge in a way that is congruent with the expectations of others regarding their social role: that is, women use evasive hiding and playing dumb more than men, while men use rationalized hiding more than women. A male‐dominated context reduces these differences between genders.
Bedtime to the brain: how infants’ sleep behaviours intertwine with non‐rapid eye movement sleep electroencephalography features
Authors: Schoch Sarah F. , Jaramillo Valeria , Markovic Andjela , Huber Reto , Kohler Malcolm , Jenni Oskar G. , Lustenberger Caroline , Kurth Salome
Published: May 2023

Adequate sleep is critical for development and facilitates the maturation of the neurophysiological circuitries at the basis of cognitive and behavioural function. Observational research has associated early life sleep problems with worse later cognitive, psychosocial, and somatic health outcomes. Yet, the extent to which day‐to‐day sleep behaviours (e.g., duration, regularity) in early life relate to non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) neurophysiology—acutely and the long‐term—remains to be studied. We measured sleep behaviours in 32 healthy 6‐month‐olds assessed with actimetry and neurophysiology with high‐density electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the association between NREM sleep and habitual sleep behaviours. Our study revealed four findings: first, daytime sleep behaviours are related to EEG slow‐wave activity (SWA). Second, night‐time movement and awakenings from sleep are connected with spindle density. Third, habitual sleep timing is linked to neurophysiological connectivity quantified as delta coherence. And lastly, delta coherence at 6 months predicts night‐time sleep duration at 12 months. These novel findings widen our understanding that infants’ sleep behaviours are closely intertwined with three particular levels of neurophysiology: sleep pressure (determined by SWA), the maturation of the thalamocortical system (spindles), and the maturation of cortical connectivity (coherence). The crucial next step is to extend this concept to clinical groups to objectively characterise infants’ sleep behaviours ‘at risk’ that foster later neurodevelopmental problems.
Critical multimodal literacy practices in student‐created comics
Authors: Abas Suriati
Published: May 2023

In the wake of grim events such as Russian invasion on Ukraine, Taliban takeover in Afghanistan, the death of George Floyd in America and mosque shootings in Christchurch, New Zealand, all occurring amid the pandemic of COVID‐19, it became increasingly more important to recognise literacy work that promotes a critically informed and just society. Thus, through the lens of critical literacy and intersectionality, this study sought to examine how pre‐service teachers drew on critical multimodal literacy practices to create open educational resources (OER) or openly licensed comics that motivate local, global and/or transnational literacy education. Data collection took place at a four‐year public university in Upstate New York. They included student‐created comics, student reflections, researcher's fieldnotes and course syllabus. Findings from the study reveal that the pre‐service teachers incorporated either a local, global or transnational connection to enact a social change. Further analysis shows that the OER or student‐created comics inherently involve actions which are aligned with the three principles of social justice: redistributive justice, recognitive justice and representational justice.
Children's literacy funds of knowledge in an urban Mexican elementary school: changing the approach
Authors: Tapia Esther , Reyes Iliana , Kalman Judith
Published: May 2023

In this article, we share the vernacular literacy practices of a sixth grade students in Mexico City. From a sociocultural, ethnographic perspective and based on the contributions of the sociolinguistics of mobility and funds of knowledge, we describe the experiences and knowledge that children bring with them from home and the community to school, to write and read texts on their own during class. The findings show how they appropriate literacy practices to provide meaning to their reading and writing through the relationship between school and everyday literacy and the continuum between their oralities and literacies. Children construct literacy according to their day‐to‐day experiences, in and out of the classroom, and embed their literacy practices within their funds of knowledge developed at home with their families. Based on these findings, we question the significance and quintessential role that has been attributed to the school in the teaching of reading and writing, as well as the prevalence of individualistic and rigid approaches to the teaching of reading and writing.
The origin of carbonates in impact melt‐bearing breccias from Site M0077 at the Chicxulub impact structure, Mexico
Authors: Garroni Nicolas D. , Osinski Gordon R.
Published: May 2023

Carbonates from the impact melt‐bearing breccia in the 2016 IODP/ICDP Expedition 364 drill core at Site M0077 were systematically documented and characterized petrographically and geochemically. Calcite, the only carbonate mineral present, is abundant throughout this deposit as five distinct varieties: (1) subangular carbonate clasts (Type A); (2) subround/irregular carbonate clasts with clay altered rims (Type B); (3) fine‐crystalline matrix calcite (Type C); (4) void‐filling sparry calcite (Type D); and (5) microcrystalline carbonate with flow textures (Type E). Quantitative geochemical analysis shows that calcite in all carbonate varieties are low in elemental impurities (<2.0 cumulative wt% on average); however, relative concentrations of MgO and MnO vary, which provides distinction between each variety: MgO is highest in calcite from Types A, B, and C carbonates (0.2–0.8 wt% on average); MnO is highest in calcite from Types B, C, and D carbonates (0.2–1.3 wt% on average); and calcite from Type E carbonate is most pure (<0.1 wt% on average MgO and MnO, cumulatively). Based on textural and geochemical variations between carbonate types, we interpret that some of the carbonate target rocks melted during impact and were immiscible within the silicate‐dominated melt sheet prior to the resurgence of seawater. Type B clasts were formed by molten fuel–coolant interaction, as the incoming seawater eroded through the melt sheet and encountered carbonate melt (Type E). Post‐impact meteoric‐dominated hydrothermal activity produced the Mn‐elevated calcite from Type C and D carbonates, and altered the Type B clasts to be elevated in Mn and host a clay‐rich rim.
Exploring the intersection of Aspergillus fumigatus biofilms, infections, immune response and antifungal resistance
Authors: Kashyap Vikrant Hari , Mishra Arti , Bordoloi Smita , Varma Ajit , Joshi Naveen Chandra
Published: May 2023

Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic pathogen that primarily affects the lungs and frequently elicits an allergic immune response in human hosts via inhalation of its airborne asexual spores (conidia). In immunocompromised individuals, the conidia of this fungus can germinate in the lung and result in severe systemic infections characterised by widespread tissue and organ damage. Conversely, in healthy hosts, the innate immune system is instrumental in eliminating the conidia and preventing disease progression. As with numerous other pathogenic fungi, A. fumigatus possesses a set of virulence factors that facilitate its infective mechanism and the circumvention of immune defences in susceptible hosts. The intrinsic capacity of A. fumigatus to form complex 3D‐structured biofilms, both on biotic and abiotic surfaces, represents a key determinant of its evasion of the host immune system and resistance to antifungal drugs. This review delineates the pivotal role of A. fumigatus biofilm structure and function as a significant virulence factor in pathogenic infections, such as aspergilloma and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Additionally, we discuss the importance for the development of novel antifungal drugs as drug‐resistant strains continue to evolve. Furthermore, co‐infections of A. fumigatus with other nosocomial pathogens have a substantial impact on patient's health outcomes. In this context, we provide a brief overview of COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), a recently documented condition that has gained attention due to its associated high degree of severity.
A transnationalmilletin the Jewish state: A Judeo‐Spanish diaspora between Israel and Turkey, 1948–1958
Authors: Moreno Aviad , Karkason Tamir
Published: May 2023

Between 1948 and 1956, 36,302 Jews migrated from Turkey to Israel, forming the largest Turkish diaspora hub at that time. Drawing on the nine newspapers published by Turkish Jews in Israel in their vernacular, Ladino (Judeo‐Spanish), this article sheds light on the complex nature of the migrants' transnational affinity to the Turkish Republic and on how it coexisted with their Jewish nationalism. In addition to situating this development within the broader context of post‐WWII Turkish transnationalism, we also delineate their unique historic status as ethnic Jewish communities ormillet. Examining the post‐Ottoman era, we show how they leveraged their political, commercial and leisure‐related ties with Turkey—deemed more developed in those terms than Israel—to empower themselves as an ethnic community and to facilitate their integration into the Jewish state. In so doing, this study bridges some of the gaps in the analyses of Muslim and non‐Muslim migrations, and it suggests that we rethink the languages used to explore Turkish transnationalism as well as its geographical borders and underlying characteristics.
Prognostic value of late‐gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Al‐Sadawi Mohammed , Henriques Matthew , Tao Michael , Gier Chad , Kim Paul , Aslam Faisal , Almasry Ibrahim , Singh Abhijeet , Fan Roger , Rashba Eric
Published: May 2023

Background

Late‐gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a predictor of adverse events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), but available studies had small sample sizes and did not consider all relevant endpoints.

Objective

To evaluate the association between LGE on CMR in patients with CS and mortality, ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), and heart failure (HF) hospitalization.

Methods

A literature search was conducted for studies reporting the association between LGE in CS and the study endpoints. The endpoints were mortality, VA and SCD, and HF hospitalization. The search included the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search was not restricted to time or publication status. The minimum follow‐up duration was 1 year.

Results

A total of 17 studies and 1915 CS patients (595 with LGE vs. 1320 without LGE) were included; mean follow‐up was 3.3 years (ranging between 17 and 84 months). LGE was associated with increased all‐cause mortality (OR 6.05, 95% CI 3.16–11.58; p < .01), cardiovascular mortality (OR 5.83, 95% CI 2.89–11.77; p < .01), and VA and SCD (OR 16.48, 95% CI 8.29–32.73; p < .01). Biventricular LGE was associated with increased VA and SCD (OR 6.11, 95% CI 1.14–32.68; p = .035). LGE was associated with an increased HF hospitalization (OR 17.47, 95% CI 5.54–55.03; p < .01). Heterogeneity was low: df = 7 (p = .43), I2 = 0%.

Conclusions

LGE in CS patients is associated with increased mortality, VA and SCD, and HF hospitalization. Biventricular LGE is associated with an increased risk of VA and SCD.
The effect of different FSH administration before ovum pick up on superstimulation response and oocyte yield
Authors: Ciftci Muhammed Furkan , Dinc Dursun Ali
Published: May 2023

This study aims to evaluate the effect of synchronization and different superstimulation protocols on oocyte yield before ovum‐pick up (OPU) to provide a homogeneous follicle population. Animals in all study groups except the control group applied a synchronization protocol including modified ovsynch+progesterone and dominant follicle ablation (DFA, on the 6th day following synchronization). In group 1, oocytes were retrieved by ultrasonography only on the 4th day after DFA. In group 2, 250 μg pFSH (100 μg IM, 150 μg SC) was administered as a single dose on the 2nd day following DFA, and oocytes were retrieved on the 2nd day following this injection. In group 3, 250 μg pFSH was administered IM in four equal doses 12 h apart on the 1st and 2nd days following DFA, and oocytes were retrieved 2 days after the last FSH injection. In group 4, 250 μg pFSH (IM) dissolved in Montanide ISA 206 adjuvant was administered as a single dose on the 2nd day following DFA, and oocytes were retrieved 2 days after this treatment. In the control group (group 5), oocytes were retrieved from animals without any hormonal treatment on a random day of the oestrus cycle. In order to assess the follicle population in the ovary on the day of OPU, the number of follicles according to their diameter was determined by ultrasonography in all groups. The ratio of medium‐sized follicles (3–8 mm) was higher in the synchronized groups (Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4) than in the control group (Group 5) (p < .05). It was determined that the total number of oocytes obtained after OPU and the number of oocytes of suitable quality (Grade A and B) in in vitro embryo production were higher in the superstimulated groups (Groups 2, 3 and 4) compared to the control group. It was found that the number of Grade‐A quality oocytes was higher in the superstimulated groups (Groups 2, 3 and 4) than the other groups. As a result, it was found that the synchronization and superstimulation treatments prior to the OPU increased the ratio of medium‐sized follicles and the total number of oocytes obtained. In addition to the synchronization protocol, it was determined that superstimulation treatments increased the oocyte quality obtained with OPU. Furthermore, it was observed that a single dose of FSH dissolved in Montanide ISA 206 adjuvant produced a superstimulation response similar to that produced by repeated doses of FSH.
The sound of restored soil: using ecoacoustics to measure soil biodiversity in a temperate forest restoration context
Authors: Robinson Jake M. , Breed Martin F. , Abrahams Carlos
Published: May 2023

Forest restoration requires monitoring to assess above‐ and belowground communities, which is challenging due to practical and resource limitations. Ecological acoustic survey methods––also known as “ecoacoustics”––are increasingly available and provide a rapid, effective, and non‐intrusive means of monitoring biodiversity. Aboveground ecoacoustics is widespread, but soil ecoacoustics has yet to be utilized in restoration despite its demonstrable effectiveness at detecting soniferous soil meso‐ and macrofauna. This study applied ecoacoustic tools and indices (Acoustic Complexity Index, Normalized Difference Soundscape Index, and Bioacoustic Index) to measure belowground (and aboveground as secondary) biodiversity in a forest restoration site spanning two age classes. We collected n = 198 belowground acoustic samples and n = 180 aboveground samples from three recently deforested (felled <3 years ago) and three deciduous forest plots undergoing restoration (for the last 30–51 years) across three monthly visits in South Yorkshire, U.K. We used a belowground sampling device and sound‐attenuation chamber to record soil communities and passive acoustic monitoring to record aboveground sounds. We found that restored plot acoustic complexity and diversity were significantly higher than deforested plots in the sound‐attenuation chamber, but there were no inter‐plot differences in in‐situ soil or aboveground samples. We also found that restored plots had a significantly greater high‐frequency to low‐frequency ratio (suggesting higher biophony to anthrophony ratios) for in‐situ and sound chamber soil but no association for aboveground samples. Our results suggest that ecoacoustics has immense potential to monitor belowground biodiversity, adding to the restoration ecologist's toolkit and supporting global ecosystem recovery.
Geochronology, magma source, and geochemistry of igneous rocks in the northern Taebaeksan metallogenic region, South Korea
Authors: Oh Il‐Hwan , Heo Chul‐Ho , No Sang‐Gun , Cho Seong‐Jun
Published: May 2023

Cretaceous igneous rocks are concentrated in the northern Taebaeksan metallogenic region of South Korea, some of which are related to Fe skarns and/or hydrothermal vein Au–Ag deposits. However, detailed studies on the emplacement age and magma source of igneous rocks supplying this metallogenic area are lacking. In this study, we investigated the emplacement age, magma sources, and geochemical characteristics of seven Cretaceous igneous rocks around the ore deposit, comparing them with previous studies. Zircon U–Pb and mica K–Ar age dating indicated that two magmatism events occurred in the Early Cretaceous (~113.7 ± 0.2 to 104.7 ± 0.5 Ma) and the Late Cretaceous (~85.8 ± 1.1 to 77.6 ± 0.4 Ma). Negative ɛHf(t) values (−2.57 to −22.05 approx.) and the calculated (2.55–1.33 Ga) suggested that the magma source of these igneous rocks was derived from the Proterozoic crust. Whole‐rock geochemical data indicated that the northern Taebaeksan igneous rocks are mostly high‐K calc‐alkaline series, enriched in light rare‐earth elements (LREEs) and large‐ion lithophilic (LIL) elements but depleted in high‐field‐strength (HFS) elements. Although igneous rocks in the northern Taebaeksan metallogenic region have broadly similar magma source characteristics, they can be classified into two groups: one comprises Early Cretaceous intermediate rocks, some of which are related to Au–Ag mineralization, whereas the other includes Late Cretaceous intermediate to felsic rocks, related to Au–Ag or Fe mineralization.
Intraoperative ultrasonography for the reposition of the condylar process during bilateral sagittal osteotomy of the mandible—A case report
Authors: Słowik Łukasz , Nowak Aleksy , Okła Maciej , Ślebioda Zuzanna , Osmola Krzysztof
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Ultrasonography (USG), being a safe, quick and relatively cheap examination, is used to diagnose various pathologic conditions. The application of ultrasound to assess the position of the condyle during bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) may improve the treatment results.

Case presentation

A 33‐year‐old patient, who was operated for a skeletal defect of maxilla and mandible with BSSO and Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy is discussed in this case report. The procedure was complicated with a mandibular head dislocation. The split segment was repositioned under ultrasound guidance, and a repeat osteosynthesis was performed.

Conclusions

The ultrasound method is useful for the intraoperative assessment of the condylar process’ position. The use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of complications and for intraoperative monitoring should be promoted.
Online medical education: A student survey
Authors: Faria Isabella , Moura Carolina B. , Graner Mariana , Campos Letícia Nunes , Gerk Ayla , Bittencourt Marcela M. , Cazumbá Maria Luíza , Mishaly Asher , Buda Alexandra M. , Truche Paul , Bowder Alexis N. , Botelho Fabio , Carroll Madeleine , Mooney David , Naus Abbie
Published: May 2023

Background

During COVID‐19, medical schools transitioned to online learning as an emergency response to deliver their education programmes. This multi‐country study compared the methods by which medical schools worldwide restructured the delivery of medical education during the pandemic.

Methods

This multi‐country, cross‐sectional study was performed using an internet‐based survey distributed to medical students in multiple languages in November 2020.

Results

A total of 1,746 responses were received from 79 countries. Most respondents reported that their institution stopped in‐person lectures, ranging from 74% in low‐income countries (LICs) to 93% in upper‐middle‐income countries. While only 36% of respondents reported that their medical school used online learning before the pandemic, 93% reported using online learning after the pandemic started. Of students enrolled in clinical rotations, 89% reported that their rotations were paused during the pandemic. Online learning replaced in‐person clinical rotations for 32% of respondents from LICs versus 55% from high‐income countries (HICs). Forty‐three per cent of students from LICs reported that their internet connection was insufficient for online learning, compared to 11% in HICs.

Conclusions

The transition to online learning due to COVID‐19 impacted medical education worldwide. However, this impact varied among countries of different income levels, with students from LICs and lower middle income countries facing greater challenges in accessing online medical education opportunities while in‐person learning was halted. Specific policies and resources are needed to ensure equitable access to online learning for medical students in all countries, regardless of socioeconomic status.
Patient blood management: Myths and facts about red blood cell transfusions
Authors: Gammon Richard R. , Blumberg Neil , Gilstad Colleen , Mandal Saikat , Nair Amita Radhakrishnan , Bocquet Christopher
Published: May 2023

Transfusion medicine resembles all of medicine in that expert opinion predominates because hard data on clinical outcomes from randomized controlled trials and high quality observational data are simply unavailable. Indeed, some of the first trials evaluating important outcomes are barely two decades old. Patient blood management (PBM) depends on high quality data for assisting clinicians in making clinical decisions. In this review, we focus on several red blood cell (RBC) transfusion practices that new data suggest need reconsideration. The practices that may need revision include transfusion for iron deficiency anaemia, except in life threatening situations, toleration of anaemia as a largely benign condition and use of haemoglobin/haematocrit as primary indications for RBC transfusion, as opposed to adjuncts to clinical judgement. In addition, the long‐standing notion that the minimum transfusion should be two units needs to be abandoned due to the danger to patients and a lack of clinical evidence of benefit. Finally, the difference in indications for leucoreduction versus irradiation needs to be understood by all practitioners. PBM is one of the strategies for managing anaemia and bleeding that holds great promise for patients, and transfusion is only one facet of the bundle of practices.