bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Study on the Vortex Teeth of Electric Scroll Compressors Based on Gradient Tooth Height
Authors: Yang Bin , Li Annan , Yuan Mengli , Wu Jinguo , Gao Feng , Ge Mengqi
Published: July 2024

Through the analysis of the adhesion between the tooth head and axial clearance leakage attributed to vortex tooth shape deformation, an innovative tooth shape design concept has been introduced entitled “progressive change tooth high vortex tooth”. This unique design includes a gradual change in tooth height and an elevated vortex tooth profile, using temperature-sensitive materials to enhance the resolution of temperature loading on the vortex disc. By refining the process of resolving the temperature loading on the vortex disc, the mean temperature function of the fluid domain along the wall of the vortex tooth is calculated, and a steady-state temperature distribution model for the solid domain of the vortex tooth is formulated. Subsequently, a finite element model for the high eddy current disc is constructed using Abaqus 2021 finite element software, which facilitates the calculation of stress–strain distribution within the high eddy current disc under both gas pressure and temperature field loads. The results show that, especially under conditions of low speed and low exhaust pressure, the temperature load mainly influences the maximum deformation and stress distribution of the vortex tooth. Specifically, under the influence of heat-solid coupling, the maximum deformation of the progressive change tooth high vortex tooth occurs in close proximity to the central compression cavity, reaching up to 13 microns. These results provide a crucial theoretical basis for the structural design and performance optimization of the compressor.
Effect of Aggregate Type on the Shear Behavior of Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Beams
Authors: Cho Sanghwan , Kim Min Ook
Published: July 2024

Despite extensive research on lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC), the precise effects of different coarse aggregate types and their physical properties on the shear capacity of reinforced all lightweight aggregate concrete (ALWAC) beams remain unclear. A comprehensive understanding of how aggregates influence the shear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams is essential for accurately predicting shear strength and effectively designing ALWAC structures. To advance this understanding, experiments were conducted on twelve RC beams: four made of normal-weight concrete (NWC) and eight of ALWAC. ALWAC beams exhibited more extensive and wider flexural cracks compared to NWC beams under the same loading conditions. ALWAC beams demonstrated structural performance similar to NWC beams under identical loading conditions. The cracking loads of ALWAC can be estimated through measured concrete strength, with the post-cracking behavior predominantly influenced by the tensile reinforcement. All considered design codes underestimated the shear capacity of the tested ALWAC beams, and the shear resistance estimated by EC2 corresponded more closely than other existing codes. Lastly, the limitations and future work based on the results of this study were discussed and summarized.
Experimental and Theoretical Electron Collision Broadening Parameters for Several Ti II Spectral Lines of Industrial and Astrophysical Interest
Authors: Isidoro-García Lucía , de Andrés-García Isabel , Porro Juan , Fernández Francisco , Colón Cristóbal
Published: July 2024

A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was focused on the Pb–Ti alloy samples in several laser-induced breakdown experiments in order to measure the Stark parameters of several spectral lines (58) of singly ionized titanium, including the 3504.89 Å and 3510.83 Å lines (where we achieved new experimental and theoretical values). The diagnostics of the laser-induced plasmas (electron density and electron temperature) were performed using Balmer’s H alpha line (6562.7 Å). The temperatures were obtained by the Boltzmann plot technique with spectral lines of Pb I (after correction for its evident self-absorption). Subsequently, the calculations by the Griem approach of the Stark broadening parameters for several spectral lines were performed using the Gaunt factors proposed by van Regemorter and those proposed by Douglas H. Sampson. In the latter case, the values obtained were very close to the experimental values. This enables us to assume that the calculations performed for the spectral lines of Ti II, without experimental information, are more accurate using the Gaunt factors proposed by Sampson.
Special Geometric Objects in Generalized Riemannian Spaces
Authors: Stefanović Marko , Vesić Nenad , Simjanović Dušan , Randjelović Branislav
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we obtained the geometrical objects that are common in different definitions of the generalized Riemannian spaces. These objects are analogies to the Thomas projective parameter and the Weyl projective tensor. After that, we obtained some geometrical objects important for applications in physics.
Governments and the Private Energy Sector: Analysis of Energy Sector and Relationship between State
Authors: Cholacu Anastasia M.
Published: July 2024

A symbiotic relationship exists between the state and the energy sector that often leads to conflicting relationships between the two. The best example of this complicated relationship is between the state and free markets is the case of the United States, European Union, and Global Energy Sector. The decline in the gas import—due to sanctions placed on the Russian Federation—to Europe from Russia, along with other counties that import gas from Russia, has negatively affected the economies of European counties. The Russian government has restructured the exporting of gas to other counties in order to continue to sustain companies’ growth. This literature review will analyze how sanctions against Russian Federation have affected the energy market and how it will affect entire energy markets.
Enhancement of Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors through Sol-Gel Processed Lead Zirconate Titanate Ferroelectric Film Integration and Coplanar Gate Sensing Paradigm
Authors: Mah Dong-Gyun , Oh Seong-Moo , Jung Jongwan , Cho Won-Ju
Published: July 2024

To facilitate the utility of field effect transistor (FET)-type sensors, achieving sensitivity enhancement beyond the Nernst limit is crucial. Thus, this study proposed a novel approach for the development of ferroelectric FETs (FeFETs) using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ferroelectric films integrated with indium–tungsten oxide (IWO) channels synthesized via a cost-effective sol-gel process. The electrical properties of PZT-IWO FeFET devices were significantly enhanced through the strategic implementation of PZT film treatment by employing intentional annealing procedures. Consequently, key performance metrics, including the transfer curve on/off ratio and subthreshold swings, were improved. Moreover, unprecedented electrical stability was realized by eliminating the hysteresis effect during double sweeps. By leveraging a single-gate configuration as an FeFET transformation element, extended-gate (EG) detection methodologies for pH sensing were explored, thereby introducing a pioneering dimension to sensor architecture. A measurement paradigm inspired by plane gate work was adopted, and the proposed device exhibited significant resistive coupling, consequently surpassing the sensitivity thresholds of conventional ion-sensitive field-effect transistors. This achievement represents a substantial paradigm shift in the landscape of ion-sensing methodologies, surpassing the established Nernst limit (59.14 mV/pH). Furthermore, this study advances FeFET technology and paves the way for the realization of highly sensitive and reliable ion sensing modalities.
Biodiesel Sustainability: Review of Progress and Challenges of Biodiesel as Sustainable Biofuel
Authors: Suhara Ade , Karyadi  , Herawan Safarudin Gazali , Tirta Andy , Idris Muhammad , Roslan Muhammad Faizullizam , Putra Nicky Rahmana , Hananto April Lia , Veza Ibham
Published: July 2024

Biodiesel, an environmentally degradable and renewable biofuel derived from organic matter, has exhibited its capacity as a viable and sustainable substitute for traditional diesel fuel. Numerous comprehensive investigations have been conducted to assess the effects of biodiesel on internal combustion engines (ICEs), with particular emphasis on diesel engine performance metrics, combustion dynamics, and emission profiles. Biodiesel demonstrates a significant decrease in emissions of particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) in diesel engines. The addition of biodiesel has shown a minor decrease in power output and a slight increase in fuel consumption and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Nevertheless, the extensive implementation of biodiesel, despite its potential to effectively reduce detrimental emissions, has encountered obstacles stemming from external influences including restricted availability of feedstock, volatile petroleum oil prices, and inadequate governmental backing. This review presents a concise summary of significant advancements in the global adoption of biodiesel from a sustainability perspective. This review provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with the advancement of sustainable biofuel technologies by synthesizing the current state of palm biodiesel and examining global trends in biodiesel implementation. The wider adoption of biodiesel can be facilitated by addressing concerns pertaining to feedstock availability, price stability, and policy support. This would allow for the realization of significant environmental advantages and contribute to a more environmentally friendly and sustainable biofuel.
Electrodeposition of Copper-Silver Alloys from Aqueous Solutions: A Prospective Process for Miscellaneous Usages
Authors: Efimova Sofya , Lazar Florica Simescu , Chopart Jean-Paul , Debray François , Daltin Anne-Lise
Published: July 2024

The electrodeposition of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and their alloys has been a subject of interest since the 19th century. Primarily due to their exceptional features such as good mechanical hardness and electrical conductivity, high resistance to corrosion, and electromigration, Cu–Ag electrodeposits continue to be investigated and developed to improve their properties for different applications. This paper reviews the state of the art in the field of electroplated Cu–Ag alloys in an aqueous solution, with particular emphasis on the observed properties and variety of electrochemical processes used to produce high-quality materials. Moreover, this review paper focuses on the experimental conditions employed for Cu–Ag electrodeposition, intending to understand the basis and manipulate the processes to obtain coatings with superior characteristics and for attractive usage. Finally, the most trending applications of these coatings are discussed depending on different parameters of electrodeposition to provide prospects for potential research.
Insights into Positive Mental Health Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Study in Croatia
Authors: Jovanović Željko , Spevan Marija , Bošković Sandra , Švaljug Deana , Miletić Bojan
Published: July 2024

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant concerns about public health, particularly in terms of mental well-being due to heightened fear and uncertainty. The findings of this study are based on a survey conducted to evaluate the mental health status of the general population in Croatia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A survey conducted randomly and cross-sectionally included 588 respondents from all 21 counties in Croatia. The survey gathered demographic data and assessed various factors related to pandemic response measures and mental health using the Mental Health Continuum—Short Form (MHC-SF) scale. Results: Despite feeling adequately informed about COVID-19 (76.0%), most respondents (60.8%) expressed concerns about their loved ones during the pandemic. There were significant numbers who felt there was no risk of infection (50.9%) or believed they would not get infected (40.2%), while 72.4% were content with government measures. A statistical analysis indicated that mental health was not significantly different between genders, but age-related differences were evident, with those under 21 experiencing the most distress. The lowest level of psychological and social well-being was observed in respondents who were unemployed. Conclusions: The study identifies vulnerable groups in the Croatian population during the pandemic, including younger individuals, those on parental leave, students, and the unemployed, who exhibited worse mental health. The importance of implementing targeted mental health interventions to support these vulnerable groups is highlighted by these findings.
Assessing Soil and Land Suitability of an Olive–Maize Agroforestry System Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Hayat Asif , Iqbal Javed , Ashworth Amanda J. , Owens Phillip R.
Published: July 2024

Exponential population increases are threatening food security, particularly in mountainous areas. One potential solution is dual-use intercropped agroforestry systems such as olive (Olea europaea)–maize (Zea mays), which may mitigate risk by providing multiple market sources (oil and grain) for smallholder producers. Several studies have conducted integrated agroforestry land suitability analyses; however, few studies have used machine learning (ML) algorithms to evaluate multiple variables (i.e., soil physicochemical properties and climatic and topographic data) for the selection of suitable rainfed sites in mountainous terrain systems. The goal of this study is therefore to identify suitable land classes for an integrated olive–maize agroforestry system based on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) land suitability assessment framework for 1757 km2 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Information on soil physical and chemical properties was obtained from 701 soil samples, along with climatic and topographic data. After determination of land suitability classes for an integrated olive–maize-crop agroforestry system, the region was then mapped through ML algorithms using random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM), as well as using traditional techniques of weighted overlay (WOL). Land suitability classes predicted by ML techniques varied greatly. For example, the S1 area (highly suitable) classified through RF was 9%↑ than that of SVM, and 8%↓ than that through WOL. The area of S2 (moderately suitable) classified through RF was 18%↑ than that of SWM and was 17%↓ than the area classified through WOL; similarly, the S3 (marginally suitable) class area via RF was 27%↓ than that of SVM, and 45%↓ than the area classified through WOL. Conversely, the area of N2 (permanently not suitable class) classified through RF and SVM was 6%↑ than the area classified through WOL. Model performance was assessed through overall accuracy and Kappa Index and indicated that RF performed better than SVM and WOL. Crop suitability limitations of the study area included high elevation, slope, pH, and large gravel content. Results can be used for sustainable intensification in mountainous rainfed regions by expanding intercrop agroforestry systems in developing nations to close yield gaps.
A Retrospective Analysis of Diagnostic Breast Imaging Outcomes in Young Women at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Dehar Navdeep , Jabs Doris , Hopman Wilma , Mates Mihaela
Published: July 2024

(1) Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the outcomes of diagnostic breast imaging and the incidence of delayed breast cancer diagnosis in the study population. (2) Methods: We collected the outcome data from diagnostic mammograms and/or breast ultrasounds (USs) performed on women between the ages of 30 and 50 with symptomatic breast clinical presentations between 2018 and 2019. (3) Results: Out of 171 eligible patients, 10 patients (5.8%) had BIRADS 0, 90 patients (52.6%) had benign findings (BIRADS 1 and 2), 41 (24.0%) patients had probable benign findings requiring short-term follow-up (BIRADS 3), while 30 (17.5%) patients had findings suspicious of malignancy (BIRADS 4 and 5). In the BIRADS 3 group, 92.7% had recommended follow-up, while in BIRADS 4 and 5, only 83.3% underwent recommended biopsy at a mean time of 1.7 weeks (range 0–22 wks) from their follow-up scan. Ten (6%) patients were diagnosed with breast cancer, all of whom had BIRADS 4 or 5, with a mean time of breast cancer diagnosis from initial diagnostic imaging of 2.2 weeks (range 1–22 wks). No patients had delayed breast cancer diagnosis in our cohort. (4) Conclusions: We conclude that diagnostic mammograms and breast US are appropriate investigations for clinical breast concerns in women aged 30–50 years.
Optimizing Drone Logistics: A Scoring Algorithm for Enhanced Decision Making across Diverse Domains in Drone Airlines
Authors: Altinses Diyar , Salazar Torres David Orlando , Schwung Michael , Lier Stefan , Schwung Andreas
Published: July 2024

The complexities of decision-making in drone airlines prove to be pivotal and challenging as the dynamic environment introduces variability and many decisions are conventionally static. This paper introduces an advanced decision-making system designed for the multifaceted landscape of drone applications. Our proposed system addresses various aspects, including drone assignment, safety zone sizing, priority determination, and more. The scoring model enhances adaptability in real-time scenarios, particularly highlighted by the dynamic adjustment. Based on the scenario concerning the definition of the safety zone, we have successfully applied this method and evaluated all potential scores. The user-friendly and intuitive configuration further augments the system’s accessibility, facilitating efficient deployment. In essence, the proposed system stands as an innovative approach with decision-making paradigms in the dynamic landscape of drone operations.
Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical Response for Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries with the Double-Layer Windings
Authors: Ahn Young Ju
Published: July 2024

The plastic properties for the jellyroll of lithium-ion batteries showed different behavior in tension and compression, showing the yield strength in compression being several times higher than in tension. The crushable foam models were widely used to predict the mechanical responses to compressive loadings. However, since the compressive characteristic is dominant in this model, it is difficult to identify distributions of the yield strength in tension. In this study, a simplified jellyroll model consisting of double-layer windings was devised to reflect different plastic characteristics of a jellyroll, and the proposed model was applied to an 18650 cylindrical battery under compressive loading conditions. One winding adopted the crushable foam model for representing the compressive plastic behavior, and the other winding adopted the elastoplastic models for tracking the tensile plastic behavior. The material parameters in the crushable foam model were calibrated by comparing the simulated force–displacement curve with the experimental one for the case where the cell was crushed between two plates when the punch was displaced by 7 mm. A specific cut-off value (10 MPa) was assigned to a yield stress limit in the elastoplastic model. Further, the computational model was validated with two more loading cases, a cylindrical rod indentation and a spherical punch indentation, as the punch was displaced by 6.3 mm and 6.5 mm, respectively. For three loading cases, deformed configurations and plastic strain distributions were investigated by finite element analysis. It was found that the proposed model clearly provides the plastic behavior both in compression and tension. For the crush simulation, the maximum compressive stress approached 222 MPa in the middle of the jellyroll, and the maximum effective plastic strain approached 60% in the middle of the layered roll. For indentation with the cylindrical and the spherical punch, the maximum effective plastic strain approached 52% and 277% in the layered roll, respectively. The local crack or location of a short circuit could be predicted from the maximum effective plastic strain.
Temperature Variations in Deep Thermal Well LZT-1 in Lądek-Zdrój (Bohemian Massif; SW Poland)—Evidence of Geothermal Anomaly and Paleoclimatic Changes
Authors: Kiełczawa Barbara , Ciężkowski Wojciech , Wąsik Mirosław , Szostak Karolina , Sieniawska Iwona , Rasała Marek
Published: July 2024

The thermal water deposit in Lądek-Zdrój (SW Poland) occurs in fractured reservoir rocks, and its hydrogeological regime is controlled by the features of the local geology and lithology of the hosting crystalline complexes, mainly impermeable high-grade metamorphosed mica schists and gneisses. The fractured thermal water aquifer is confined by a thrust fault-type aquitard that creates artesian pressure and, therefore, the water intakes and natural springs in Lądek Zdrój provide spontaneous outflow. Classical geothermometers yield an estimation of reservoir temperatures that ranges from 50 to 70 °C, with a maximum of 88 °C. The heat flux (HF) value of the Lądek-Zdrój region is 64 mW/m2. The new borehole, LZT-1, is in the border zone of a local thermal anomaly with a geothermal degree of 25–27 m/°C. The estimated temperature at the bottom of the LZT-1 borehole, under thermal equilibrium conditions, ranges between 70 °C and 80 °C. A stream of heated waters from the deep system flows from the recharge areas, shaping the local geothermal anomaly and thus influencing the thermal conditions in the Lądek-Zdrój area. The activation of this water circulation system occurred in the Pleistocene.
A Multi-Agent Approach for the Optimized Operation of Modular Electrolysis Plants
Authors: Henkel Vincent , Wagner Lukas Peter , Kilthau Maximilian , Gehlhoff Felix , Fay Alexander
Published: July 2024

In response to the energy transition to renewable resources, green hydrogen production via electrolysis is gaining momentum. Modular electrolysis plants provide a flexible and scalable solution to meet rising hydrogen demand and adapt to renewable energy fluctuations. However, optimizing their operation poses challenges, especially when dealing with heterogeneous electrolyzer modules. In this work, a combination of decentralized Multi-Agent Systems and the Module Type Package concept is presented that enhances the cost-optimized operation of modular electrolysis plants. This approach synergizes the individual strengths of Multi-Agent Systems in handling complex operational dynamics with the efficiency of the Module Type Package for integration and control capabilities. By integrating these technologies, the approach addresses the heterogeneity of electrolyzer modules and increases the adaptability, scalability, and operational flexibility of electrolysis plants. The approach was validated through a case study, demonstrating its effectiveness in achieving cost-optimized load scheduling, dynamic response to demand–supply fluctuations, and resilience against electrolyzer module malfunctions. In summary, the presented approach offers a comprehensive solution for the effective coordination and optimization of modular electrolysis plants.
Direct Air Capture (DAC) for Achieving Net-Zero CO2 Emissions: Advances, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Li Guihe , Yao Jia
Published: July 2024

Carbon dioxide (CO2), as the primary greenhouse gas, has significant impacts on global climate change, leading to severe and irreversible adverse consequences for ecosystems and human environments. To address the issue of excessive CO2 emissions, efforts in recent years have yielded significant progress in the development of clean energy sources and the promotion of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. Conventional CO2 capture techniques are limited in addressing global atmospheric CO2 excess effectively, as they target only high-concentration CO2 emissions and require implementation at specific emission points. Direct air capture (DAC) technology has emerged as a promising solution due to its flexibility in deployment, avoidance of land competition, and ability to capture legacy CO2 emissions. Additionally, DAC offers opportunities for producing synthetic clean fuels, thereby reducing reliance on traditional fossil fuels and aiding in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study provides a comprehensive review of DAC technology, encompassing its principles, technological advancements, real-world applications, challenges, and future research directions. By offering insights into the current state and potential of DAC technology, this study aims to guide global efforts in scaling up DAC deployment, ultimately contributing to achieving global carbon neutrality or even negative emissions.
Calotropis Gigantea Latex-Derived Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Biofunctional Applications
Authors: C Jayalekshmi , Periakaruppan Rajiv , Romanovski Valentin , Vijai Selvaraj Karungan Selvaraj , Al-Dayan Noura
Published: July 2024

Latex of C. gigantea was used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by the green chemistry approach. The crystalline size, shape, and purity of as-synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized through scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. Crystalline, spherical ZnO NPs with an average size of 21.8 nm were formed. In addition, the biological properties of the ZnO NPs, such as antioxidant and antibacterial activity, were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and the agar well-diffusion method. The highest free radical scavenging activities of 83.11 ± 1.89 % were observed at a concentration of 350 μg/mL of C. gigantea latex-mediated ZnO NPs. The latex in the C. gigantea latex-mediated ZnO NPs inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The maximum zone of inhibition was found in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. C. gigantea latex-mediated ZnO NPs have significant biocompatibility and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties against wound-causing bacteria and, therefore, can be suggested for use in the formulation of novel creams or gels for healing applications.
Effects of Colored Noise in the Dynamic Motions and Conformational Exploration of Enzymes
Authors: Ojeda-May Pedro , Vergara Alexander
Published: July 2024

The intracellular environment displays complex dynamics influenced by factors such as molecular crowding and the low Reynolds number of the cytoplasm. Enzymes exhibiting active matter properties further heighten this complexity which can lead to memory effects. Molecular simulations often neglect these factors, treating the environment as a “thermal bath” using the Langevin equation (LE) with white noise. One way to consider these factors is by using colored noise instead within the generalized Langevin equation (GLE) framework, which allows for the incorporation of memory effects that have been observed in experimental data. We investigated the structural and dynamic differences in Shikimate kinase (SK) using LE and GLE simulations. Our results suggest that GLE simulations, which reveal significant changes, could be utilized for assessing conformational motions’ impact on catalytic reactions.
Biologics in Focus: A Comprehensive Review of Current Biological and Small Molecules Therapies for Crohn’s Disease in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Authors: Alrubaiy Laith , Pitsillides Louise Christine , O’Connor Thomas , Woodhill Matilda , Higgins Harry , Swaid Thaer Khaleel , Alkhader Doa’a , Koutoubi Zaher
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The management of Crohn’s disease (CD) in the Middle East, like in other parts of the world, is rapidly evolving with the introduction of novel advanced medical and biological therapies. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), several biological therapies are used to achieve remission in severe and resistant cases of CD. We carried out a literature search to analyze the effectiveness and safety of biologic treatments currently licensed in the UAE. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases from inception to January 2020 to identify relevant studies. Search terms were generated using established treatment guidelines for CD. We also manually searched the bibliographies of relevant literature to obtain additional papers. Results: Biologic and small molecule agents for CD include four core drug classes: anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents (TNF-α), integrin receptor antagonists, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and IL-12/IL-23 antagonists. All drug classes showed good efficacy and safety in managing patients with CD. Some drug classes had distinguishable side effect profiles. This included an increased lymphoma and tuberculous risk for TNF-α and integrin receptor antagonists. Many trials supported the effectiveness of these licensed drugs. Biologic agent intolerance was common; one-third of patients receiving TNF-α treatment will develop intolerance to that specific drug. Conclusions: Advanced medical therapies licensed in the UAE have proven to be safe and efficacious. Additional research is required to evaluate the safety and efficacy of newer biologics and biosimilars.
Supervised Machine Learning to Examine Factors Associated with Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmias and Ectopic Heart Beats in Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lahr Peyton , Carling Chloe , Nauer Joseph , McGrath Ryan , Grier James W.
Published: July 2024

Background: There are many types of arrhythmias which may threaten health that are well-known or opaque. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine how different cardiac health risk factors rank together in association with arrhythmias in young, middle-aged, and older adults. Methods: The analytic sample included 101 adults aged 50.6 ± 22.6 years. Several prominent heart-health-related risk factors were self-reported. Mean arterial pressure and body mass index were collected using standard procedures. Hydraulic handgrip dynamometry measured strength capacity. A 6 min single-lead electrocardiogram evaluated arrhythmias. Respiratory sinus arrhythmias (RSAs) and ectopic heart beats were observed and specified for analyses. Classification and Regression Tree analyses were employed. Results: A mean arterial pressure ≥ 104 mmHg was the first level predictor for ectopic beats, while age ≥ 41 years was the first level predictor for RSAs. Age, heart rate, stress and anxiety, and physical activity emerged as important variables for ectopic beats (p < 0.05), whereas age, sodium, heart rate, and gender were important for RSAs (p < 0.05). Conclusions: RSAs and ectopic arrhythmias may have unique modifiable and non-modifiable factors that may help in understanding their etiology for prevention and treatment as appropriate across the lifespan.
Correction: Walker et al. Winds of Change: Urgent Challenges and Emerging Opportunities in Submerged Prehistory, a Perspective from the North Sea. Heritage 2024, 7, 1947–1968
Authors: Walker James , Gaffney Vincent , Harding Rachel , Fraser Andrew Iain , Fitch Simon , Boothby Victoria
Published: July 2024

Order of Authorship [...]
Developing a Multitasking Augmented Reality Application for Theatrical and Cultural Content
Authors: Mamakou Irene , Karafotias Georgios , Gkourdoglou Gabriel , Loumos Georgios , Kargas Antonios , Varoutas Dimitrios
Published: July 2024

Implementing digital technologies, such as augmented reality and 3D modeling, to various cultural sectors is an ongoing procedure, especially favorable after the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though such technologies are common to museums, galleries and archaeological places all over the world, little research or practical cases have been developed when it comes to theaters and theatrical costumes. The proposed research article describes the methodology of both reference material collection and application development, while an analysis of functions and aesthetic results are described, especially when it comes to 3D modeling. This paper’s aim is to reveal that theatrical operations (as part of the cultural sector) as well as structured parts (such as acts, performances and costumes) can be preserved and served to larger audiences via technological means, such as an augmented reality application.
Trigonometric Bundling Disulfide Unit Starship Synergizes More Effectively to Promote Cellular Uptake
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Dezhi , Lei Wenzhuo , Sun Tiantian , Gu Bei , Dong Han , Taniguchi Yosuke , Liu Yichang , Ling Yong
Published: July 2024

A small molecule disulfide unit technology platform based on dynamic thiol exchange chemistry at the cell membrane has the potential for drug delivery. However, the alteration of the CSSC dihedral angle of the disulfide unit caused by diverse substituents directly affects the effectiveness of this technology platform as well as its own chemical stability. The highly stable open-loop relaxed type disulfide unit plays a limited role in drug delivery due to its low dihedral angle. Here, we have built a novel disulfide unit starship based on the 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl skeleton through trigonometric bundling. The intracellular delivery results showed that the trigonometric bundling of the disulfide unit starship effectively promoted cellular uptake without any toxicity, which is far more than 100 times more active than that of equipment with a single disulfide unit in particular. Then, the significant reduction in cell uptake capacity (73–93%) using thiol erasers proves that the trigonometric bundling of the disulfide starship is an endocytosis-independent internalization mechanism via a dynamic covalent disulfide exchange mediated by thiols on the cell surface. Furthermore, analysis of the molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that trigonometric bundling of the disulfide starship can significantly change the membrane curvature while pushing lipid molecules in multiple directions, resulting in a significant distortion in the membrane structure and excellent membrane permeation performance. In conclusion, the starship system we built fully compensates for the inefficiency deficiencies induced by poor dihedral angles.
Enhancing Therapeutic Approaches in Glioblastoma with Pro-Oxidant Treatments and Synergistic Combinations: In Vitro Experience of Doxorubicin and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Cesca Bruno Agustín , Caverzan Matías Daniel , Lamberti María Julia , Ibarra Luis Exequiel
Published: July 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer characterized by significant molecular and cellular heterogeneity, which complicates treatment efforts. Current standard therapies, including surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, often fail to achieve long-term remission due to tumor recurrence and resistance. A pro-oxidant environment is involved in glioma progression, with oxidative stress contributing to the genetic instability that leads to gliomagenesis. Evaluating pro-oxidant therapies in brain tumors is crucial due to their potential to selectively target and eradicate cancer cells by exploiting the elevated oxidative stress levels inherent in these malignant cells, thereby offering a novel and effective strategy for overcoming resistance to conventional therapies. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of doxorubicin (DOX) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Me-ALA, focusing on their effects on redox homeostasis. Basal ROS levels and antioxidant gene expression (NFE2L2, CAT, GSR) were quantitatively assessed across GBM cell lines, revealing significant variability probably linked to genetic differences. DOX and PDT treatments, both individually and in combination, were analyzed for their efficacy in inducing oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. An in silico analysis further explored the relationship between gene mutations and oxidative stress in GBM patients, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying treatment responses. Our findings suggest that pro-oxidant therapies, such as DOX and PDT in combination, could selectively target GBM cells, highlighting a promising avenue for improving therapeutic outcomes in GBM.
Proteomic Biomarkers Associated with Low Bone Mineral Density: A Systematic Review
Authors: Becerra-Cervera Adriana , Argoty-Pantoja Anna D. , Aparicio-Bautista Diana I. , López-Montoya Priscilla , Rivera-Paredez Berenice , Hidalgo-Bravo Alberto , Velázquez-Cruz Rafael
Published: July 2024

Osteoporosis is a globally relevant public health issue. Our study aimed to summarize the knowledge on the proteomic biomarkers for low bone mineral density over the last years. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines; the scoured databases were PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and EBSCO, from inception to 2 June 2023. A total of 610 relevant studies were identified and 33 were assessed for eligibility. Finally, 29 studies met the criteria for this systematic review. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist tool. From the studies selected, 154 proteins were associated with changes of bone mineral density, from which only 10 were reported in at least two articles. The protein–protein network analysis indicated potential biomarkers involved in the skeletal system, immune system process, regulation of protein metabolic process, regulation of signaling, transport, cellular component assembly, cell differentiation, hemostasis, and extracellular matrix organization. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling has allowed the discovery of new biomarkers with diagnostic potential. However, it is necessary to compare and validate the potential biomarkers in different populations to determine their association with bone metabolism and evaluate their translation to the clinical management of osteoporosis.
Restoring Skeletal Muscle Health through Exercise in Breast Cancer Patients and after Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Aires Inês , Duarte José Alberto , Vitorino Rui , Moreira-Gonçalves Daniel , Oliveira Paula , Ferreira Rita
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer (BC) stands out as the most commonly type of cancer diagnosed in women worldwide, and chemotherapy, a key component of treatment, exacerbates cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting, contributing to adverse health outcomes. Notably, the impact of chemotherapy on skeletal muscle seems to surpass that of the cancer itself, with inflammation identified as a common trigger for muscle wasting in both contexts. In skeletal muscle, pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate pathways crucial for the delicate balance between protein synthesis and breakdown, as well as satellite cell activation and myonuclear accretion. Physical exercise consistently emerges as a crucial therapeutic strategy to counteract cancer and chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting, ultimately enhancing patients’ quality of life. However, a “one size fits all” approach does not apply to the prescription of exercise for BC patients, with factors such as age, menopause and comorbidities influencing the response to exercise. Hence, tailored exercise regimens, considering factors such as duration, frequency, intensity, and type, are essential to maximize efficacy in mitigating muscle wasting and improving disease outcomes. Despite the well-established anti-inflammatory role of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise proves equally or more beneficial in terms of mass and strength gain, as well as enhancing quality of life. This review comprehensively explores the molecular pathways affected by distinct exercise regimens in the skeletal muscle of cancer patients during chemotherapy, providing critical insights for precise exercise implementation to prevent skeletal muscle wasting.
A Comparative Analysis of MRSA: Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance in Greece and Romania
Authors: Vittorakis Eftychios , Vica Mihaela Laura , Zervaki Calina Oana , Vittorakis Evangelos , Maraki Sofia , Mavromanolaki Viktoria Eirini , Schürger Michael Ewald , Neculicioiu Vlad Sever , Papadomanolaki Evangelia , Junie Lia Monica
Published: July 2024

This study provides a comparative analysis of 243 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated strains from Greece and Romania, focusing on their epidemiology and antibiotic resistance patterns. Laboratory procedures included phenotypic and automated identification methods, susceptibility testing, DNA isolation, and PCR for detecting antibiotic resistance genes (MecA, SCCmec). Our study results show significant regional differences. In both regions, males have higher MRSA infection rates than females, but the percentages vary. Greece has a higher incidence of MRSA in younger age groups compared to Romania. The majority of MRSA infections occur in inpatient settings in both countries, highlighting the necessity for enhanced infection control measures. Antibiotic resistance profiles reveal higher resistance to several antibiotics in Greece compared to Romania. A molecular analysis shows a widespread distribution of antibiotic resistance genes among MRSA isolates in Greece. These results highlight the necessity for accomplished preventive strategies and optimized treatment protocols.
Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Effects of a Magnetic Zeolite Composite in Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820)
Authors: Zarria-Romero Jacquelyne Y. , Ramos-Guivar Juan A.
Published: July 2024

Zeolite type 5A combined with the magnetic properties of maghemite nanoparticles facilitate the rapid absorption of heavy metals, which makes them an interesting proposal for the remediation of water contaminated with lead and arsenic. However, the physicochemical analysis related to concentration and size for the use of this magnetic zeolite composite (MZ0) in water bodies and the possible toxicological effects on aquatic fauna has not yet been carried out. The main objective of the research work is to determine lethal concentrations that cause damage to Daphnia magna based on LC50 tests, morphology, reproductive rate, and quantification of the expression of three genes closely involved in the morphological development of vital structures (Glass, NinaE, Pph13). To achieve this objective, populations of neonates and young individuals were used, and results showed that the LC50 for neonates was 11,314 mg L−1, while for young individuals, it was 0.0310 mg L−1. Damage to morphological development was evidenced by a decrease in eye size in neonates, an increase in eye size in young individuals, variations in the size of the caudal spine for both age groups, and slight increases in the heart size, body, and antenna for both age groups. The reproductive rate of neonates was not affected by the lower concentrations of MZ0, while in young individuals, the reproductive rate decreased by more than 50% from the minimum exposure concentration of MZ0. And for both ages, Glass gene expression levels decreased as the MZ0 concentration increased. Also, the MZ0 evidenced its affinity for the exoskeleton of D. magna, which was observed using both light microscopy and electron microscopy. It is concluded that MZ0 did not generate significant damage in the mortality, morphology, reproductive rate, or gene expression in D. magna at lower concentrations, demonstrating the importance of evaluating the possible impacts on different life stages of the cladoceran.
Driving Venture Capital Interest: The Influence of the Big 4 Audit Firms on IPOs
Authors: Alidarous Manal
Published: July 2024

This paper investigated how hiring one of the Big 4 auditing firms helps initial public offering (IPO) owners attract venture capitalists’ (VCs) backing when going public to address the gap in auditing and venture capital literature. For this, the paper examined a large dataset from 1995 to 2019 consisting of 33,536 IPO firms from 22 countries with diverse socioeconomic, political, and cultural contexts. The study found that hiring Big 4 auditors increases IPO owners’ chances of recruiting VCs by up to 50%. The analysis also supports prior findings, which state that IPO owners strategically choose Big 4 audit firms to lower agency costs and send quality signals to improve openness and disclosure as well as boost VCs’ confidence in the IPO market. This research offers multiple benefits to academics, policymakers, investors, and issuers.
Shannon Holes, Black Holes, and Knowledge: The Essential Tension for Autonomous Human–Machine Teams Facing Uncertainty
Authors: Lawless William , Moskowitz Ira S.
Published: July 2024

We develop a new theory of knowledge with mathematics and a broad-based series of case studies to seek a better understanding of what constitutes knowledge in the field and its value for autonomous human–machine teams facing uncertainty in the open. Like humans, as teammates, artificial intelligence (AI) machines must be able to determine what constitutes the usable knowledge that contributes to a team’s success when facing uncertainty in the field (e.g., testing “knowledge” in the field with debate; identifying new knowledge; using knowledge to innovate), its failure (e.g., troubleshooting; identifying weaknesses; discovering vulnerabilities; exploitation using deception), and feeding the results back to users and society. It matters not whether a debate is public, private, or unexpressed by an individual human or machine agent acting alone; regardless, in this exploration, we speculate that only a transparent process advances the science of autonomous human–machine teams, assists in interpretable machine learning, and allows a free people and their machines to co-evolve. The complexity of the team is taken into consideration in our search for knowledge, which can also be used as an information metric. We conclude that the structure of “knowledge”, once found, is resistant to alternatives (i.e., it is ordered); that its functional utility is generalizable; and that its useful applications are multifaceted (akin to maximum entropy production). Our novel finding is the existence of Shannon holes that are gaps in knowledge, a surprising “discovery” to only find Shannon there first.
Gesture Recognition of Filipino Sign Language Using Convolutional and Long Short-Term Memory Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Cayme Karl Jensen , Retutal Vince Andrei , Salubre Miguel Edwin , Astillo Philip Virgil , Cañete Luis Gerardo , Choudhary Gaurav
Published: July 2024

In response to the recent formalization of Filipino Sign Language (FSL) and the lack of comprehensive studies, this paper introduces a real-time FSL gesture recognition system. Unlike existing systems, which are often limited to static signs and asynchronous recognition, it offers dynamic gesture capturing and recognition of 10 common expressions and five transactional inquiries. To this end, the system sequentially employs cropping, contrast adjustment, grayscale conversion, resizing, and normalization of input image streams. These steps serve to extract the region of interest, reduce the computational load, ensure uniform input size, and maintain consistent pixel value distribution. Subsequently, a Convolutional Neural Network and Long-Short Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) model was employed to recognize nuances of real-time FSL gestures. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique over existing FSL recognition systems, achieving an impressive average accuracy, recall, and precision rate of 98%, marking an 11.3% improvement in accuracy. Furthermore, this article also explores lightweight conversion methods, including post-quantization and quantization-aware training, to facilitate the deployment of the model on resource-constrained platforms. The lightweight models show a significant reduction in model size and memory utilization with respect to the base model when executed in a Raspberry Pi minicomputer. Lastly, the lightweight model trained with the quantization-aware technique (99%) outperforms the post-quantization approach (97%), showing a notable 2% improvement in accuracy.