bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnolinguistic Vitality of the Subanen Tribe in Barangay Sebasi, Clarin
Authors: Pantao Alyanah
Published: April 2021

The Philippines is the home of 120-187 dialects by different indigenous groups of people. One of them is the Subanen language which is spoken in various areas of northern, western and southern portions of the Zamboanga peninsula.  Many Subanen shows linguistic inadequacy in their own mother tongue-the Subanen language. This study aimed to identify the language vitality of the Subanen in Sebasi, Clarin. Specifically, this study seeks to determine the variables of ethnolinguistic vitality which are respondents’ status, demography, and institutional support and to identify their skills in understanding, speaking, reading and writing in Subanen language. Through researcher-made instruments, the study conducted an actual test and an assessment of the ethnolinguistic vitality of the Subanen respondents. An observation checklist was used in assessing the respondents’ linguistic competence of the Subanen language which catered to four language skills-comprehension, speaking, reading and writing. This was followed by series of interviews to determine the variables for ethnolinguistic vitality including  status, demography, and institutional support.  Using weighted mean and standard deviation, the researchers was able to determine the respondents’ performance in all linguistic skills tested. Results revealed a weak vitality of the Subanen language in the city. The study revealed that intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as language contact, parental apathy, mixed marriages, and tribal discrimination are contributory factors affecting the language vitality. Further, the interviews revealed the major factors negatively affecting the vitality of the Subanen language in the tribal community in Barangay Sebasi. These factors include (1) language contact, specifically between the Subanen language and the Bisayan dialect, (2) mixed marriages between a Subanen and a “Bisaya," (3) apathy of Subanen parents to teach the language to their children, and (4) discrimination against the Subanen tribe. It is recommended that contemporary Subanen should take more decisive steps in revitalizing their first language for cultural preservation and tribal identity.
Reasons for Negligence of Testing Students English Language Orally at the Secondary Level
Authors: Mokhtar Nagla
Published: April 2021

The study aims at investing the reasons for negligence of testing students orally at the secondary level. The study is based on a descriptive analytic method. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire for teachers of English language of secondary schools in Gezira Southern locality. The participants in this study were 50 English language teachers from Gezira southern locality. The findings of the study showed that insufficient time and large classes contributed to the negligence of oral testing. In addition to, the absence of oral tests on the syllabus is considered one of the reasons for the negligence of oral tests. The recommendations of the study emphasize the importance of speaking skills testing and encourage teachers and educational circles to give particular consideration for testing oral skills. In addition, oral skills should be included in the syllabus. Moreover, teachers should devote extra time to test oral skills.
A Semantic Perspective on Referring Expressions of Paradise and Hell in the Holy Quran: The Case of Chapter 30 (Amma part)
Authors: Albufalasa Mervat
Published: April 2021

The present study attempts to examine the referring expressions in Chapter 30 (Amma part) of the Holy Qur'an. It aims at identifying the referring expressions of Paradise and Hell involved in Amma part in particular. The study also attempts to investigate which of the two entities (Paradise and Hell) of the referring expressions have been referred to more. The study implements quantitative and qualitative methods to classify and analyse the referring expressions. In order to classify and describe the referring expressions, a content analysis checklist is utilized to categorize the referring expressions. The findings of the study reveal that there are 54 referring expressions of Paradise and Hell in Amma part, where 35 referring expressions refer to Hell representing 65%, and 19 referring expressions refer to Paradise representing 35%. The findings reveal that the referring expressions of Paradise and Hell contribute significantly to persuading people to follow the teaching of Islam in order to go to Paradise and dissuading them from rejecting them, ending up in Hell.
Reception of Jin Yong’s Wuxia Novels in English and French: A Sentiment Analysis with Reflection
Authors: Wu Kan
Published: April 2021

This research investigates the reception of English and French translations of Jin Yong’s Wuxia novels through sentiment analysis --- a text mining technique which helps uncover readers’ opinions of these translated literary works from their online reviews. The findings show that almost all of the published English/French versions of Jin Yong’s Wuxia novels are well received by readers in both languages in terms of fictional details like “character”, “plot” and “narratives”, despite there are some minor complains. These findings lead us to reflect on the current literary position of Wuxia translations in the English and French-speaking countries, where translated Wuxia works positioning as “Chinese literary classics” may partly help facilitate further reception of this type of traditional Chinese literature in the West.
Non-Equivalence at the Grammatical Categories in the Kĩkamba Bible Translation
Authors: Musyoka Eunice Nthenya , Odhiambo Kenneth
Published: April 2021

This paper explores the challenges of non-equivalence at the grammatical categories in the Kĩkamba Bible translation. Translation involves rendering a source text message into the target text by using the register, background knowledge, and other language resources to meet the intended purpose. The process is hampered by non-equivalence, which occurs when a lexical item or an expression in the source language lacks an equivalent item to translate it into the target language. A descriptive research design was used to obtain information from a sampled population. The Bible is divided into two sections; the Old and the New Testament. It is further categorized into seven groups. Purposive sampling was used to select one book from each category and one chapter from each book to form the sample for the study. Data was collected through careful study of the English Revised Standard Version Bible to identify non-equivalences at the grammatical category level and the Kĩkamba Bible to analyse how it is handled, guided by Equivalence theory proposed by Nida and the Relevance theory (Sperber and Wilson). The study established four categories of non-equivalences at the grammatical category level; gender, number, person and case. According to the research non-equivalence at the grammatical level such as the third person singular and plural, the second person and pronouns in both subjective and objective case pose a challenge when the target language lacks a distinctive expression that is present in the source text, but appropriate strategies such as unit change, explicitation and specification meet the goal of translation. The study recommends that the translator needs to interpret what the categories represent in the context as a whole before translating the separate verses.  It is hoped that the research will be a contribution to applied linguistics in the area of translation, specifically on non-equivalence.
A Critical Inquiry into Orientation for Expatriate Faculty in the GCC
Authors: Knott David
Published: April 2021

With increased internationalization of higher education, many institutions have adopted English as a medium of instruction (EMI). This generates an increasing demand for English language professionals, many of whom are expatriates, potentially creating cultural issues for students, institutions, and teachers. As with most new teachers, orientation programs are organized to assist in their adaptation to their new position, a more complicated undertaking due to the international nature herein. This study takes a critical view of one such program at a higher education institution (HEI) in the Middle East’s Gulf States, also known as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), investigated through a series of semi-structured interviews with the newly-hired teachers. Several key themes emerged, engendering heightened stress amongst the teachers: official communication, settling in, permanent accommodation, use of time during orientation, and starting classes with new students. In line with other research and the literature, recommendations for orientation programs are made to address the issues arising in this study.
Sentential Negation in English and Izon Languages
Authors: Maledo Richard Oliseyenum , Igbomene Simeon
Published: April 2021

This paper is a contrastive study of Sentential Negation in English and Izon languages. Contact language situations have given rise not only to the influences of one language over the other but also to the differences between the structures of the two languages in contact and the likely learning difficulties which an L1 learner of a second language may likely encounter in learning the structure of the L2. Thus, the data for this study were sourced from competent native speakers of the Ogbe-Ijo dialect of the Izon language and a contrastive approach was adopted using the Chomskyan’s Government and Binding theory as a theoretical framework with a view to identifying the structural variations, hierarchy of difficulties and the likely learning problems an Izon learner of English as a second language may encounter at the level of Negation.  It discovers that there were obvious parametric variations between the English and Izon languages at the levels of do insertion and the negative particle not among others. It then recommends that conscious efforts should be made by teachers and Izon learners / speakers of English as a second language at the level of realisation of negation in English as a second language.
Co-constructing Writing Rubrics to Enhance Students’ Autonomy and Collaboration
Authors: Abdul Ghaffar May
Published: April 2021

Many L2 learners show low motivation when it comes to writing. The intervention of this study focuses on the idea of engaging L2 students and their teacher in co-constructing writing rubrics to help them develop a better understanding and awareness of the writing criteria in order to enhance autonomy and collaboration and gain ownership and responsibility for developing their writing skills. This study aimed to investigate the impact of co-constructed rubrics on L2 learners’ writing skills and their perceptions towards writing; it also examined to what extent co-constructed rubrics can be used as a learning and assessment tool to help teachers generate feedback conducive to learning and competency development in writing.This mixed methods study integrates both quantitative and qualitative data collection tools and analysis, including pre and post writing assessments for intervention and comparison groups, classroom observations, pre and post interviews with the teacher and L2 students, and a pre and post questionnaire. Results revealed that the intervention class’s mean average increased significantly in the post writing assessment, while the comparison class’s mean average decreased but with no statistical significance. Moreover, the survey showed that co-constructing the rubrics with the intervention students enhanced their attitudes towards writing. Class observations noted positive changes in the class dynamics and an improvement in the levels of students’ interaction and engagement. Co-constructing rubrics has emphasized the fact that writing is a skill that can be taught effectively and can be a solution for those who claim that ‘writing is a universal problem’.
Collaborative Learning as A Strategy to Improve the English Reading Comprehension of Indonesian Learners in The Agribusiness Department at Muhammadiyah University of Parepare
Authors: Ammang Latifa
Published: April 2021

This research sheds some light on collaborative learning to increase the agribusiness students' reading ability at the Muhammadiyah University of Parepare. It tries to find answers to two questions. First, to what extent does the collaborative learning strategy improve the students reading comprehension in the ESP course at UMPAR? Second, what are the students' perceptions of collaborative learning strategies in teaching reading comprehension at UMPAR? To answer these questions, the researcher adopted a Quasi-Experimental design by using the experimental and control group. The data were collected through a reading test and a questionnaire. The research findings indicated that using a collaborative learning strategy improved the students' reading comprehension at agribusiness students at UMPAR. The t-test result of the Pre-test was -1.25 and 2.50 in the Post-test. The Post-test result was more significant than the t-table (2.50>2.023). It indicated that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. The results of the study also revealed that a collaborative learning strategy improves the students' ability in teaching Reading Comprehension.
Application of Wittgenstein’s Sprachspiel in Speaking English Teaching: A Linguistic Philosophical Perspective of Speaking English Teaching for Non-English Major Graduate Students in China
Authors: Jing Hua
Published: April 2021

“Sprachspiel(Language Game)”, a language philosophical term proposed by Wittgenstein, indicates that the meaning of language is in the use of language in all kinds of language games. This concept helps to transfer our focus from abstract language analysis to practical language uses, which throws a light on college English teaching in China. Based on this language philosophical point of view, this paper intends to have some practices on speaking English teaching for non-English major graduates. Based on the analysis of the difficulties and problems of the target students’ English learning, this paper puts forward some tentative ways for speaking English teaching in large class. The experimental teaching of a whole school year proves that this new teaching mode enhances students’ interests in English and improves students’ studying method as well as their Speaking English level. From the survey result, it finds out that this paper also makes an analysis of the surveys conducted both at the very beginning and the end of the school year.
A Pragmatic Analysis of Impoliteness in Selected Ghanaian Social Interactions
Authors: Oteng Acheampong Dorcas , Kwarteng Michael
Published: April 2021

This study investigates impolite natural Ghanaian conversations using a pragmatic approach. It is aimed at describing the types of impoliteness strategies, how they are linguistically represented and identifying responses toward the impoliteness strategies. This research employed a qualitative collection. The data were ten natural Ghanaian conversations which portray a distinct Ghanaian society in terms of norms, relationship, status and power. The sources of the data were documented transcribed into English because some were in the local language (Twi). In this research, descriptive and investigative approach was used in analyzing the data. The results of this research are stated as follows. The five types of impoliteness strategies are used by interlocutors in the conversations. They are, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm or mock politeness, withhold politeness and bald-on-record impoliteness. Negative impoliteness is the most dominant type of impoliteness strategy, while positive impoliteness is the least strategy to occur in this research. The impoliteness strategies were linguistically represented by the use of vocatives, dismissal, threats and silencers. Accepting impoliteness is the most frequently used response. The interlocutors choose to use this response because they tend to prevent any further face attack.
Phonological Process in Toddlers’’ Single-Word Production: An Explorative Study of Alveolar Sounds in English
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Ali , Syed Ali Furqan , Razi Syed Kamran Ali , Sajid Saira , Hussain Ijaz
Published: April 2021

The production of phonological patterns is a very complicated process especially when alveolar consonant sounds are pronounced in International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The toddlers ageing 2-3 years as well as the language handicaps find it more complicated to cope with this sound process. The present study on toddlers aims at investigating the alveolar consonant sounds in keeping with single word production. The Iowa Test of Consonant Perception by Jason Geller was implemented to investigate sound productions in the perspective of Substitution Process proposed by Burnthal and Rankson (2004). Non-probabilistic Sample of twenty-five toddlers was given 125 words; a five-word set to every toddler to pronounce repeating at least five times at the top of his voice the articulators at length. Data was collected by means of informants’ close observations. The comparison between the pronunciation of original words and that of produced words with their phonetic transcription provided evidence of the shift in alveolar sound patterns during the phonological process by the toddlers. The results implicated that the toddlers made good use of articulators with ease and without any special training. They simplified the complicated consonant sound patterns at their own convenience. The study will be equally beneficial for speech pathologists, linguistic scholars, and keen phonology learners.
The Status and Role of English as a Language of Administration in Bhutan
Authors: Tshering Karma
Published: April 2021

English as a language of the world has reached into the tiny Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan from the time of the colonisation of India by the British and this paper examined the status and role of English as a language of administration in the country. English in Bhutan is regarded as EFL while Nepal and Bangladesh has the status of L2. Therefore, why not the status of English in Bhutan is L2 as the country lies in the same geographical zone- sharing boarders with India and Nepal. The results presented in this paper accounts with various views and opinions given by 104 respondents from different organisations. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and the study found out that English in Bhutan has the status of L2 by having adopted it as a language of administration, education, media, businesses, etc. The findings revealed that English is used more than the national language Dzongkha with more than (80%) of the tasks being performed in English in various domains. The study also showed 100% English usage in banking, communication outside the country and 90-100% in e-communication, confirming the fact that English is used as a language of administration. Interestingly, this study reported that English language is preferred in the families as a language of convenience.
Is China English Transforming into Nativization Stage? A Case Study of ‘modifying-modified’ Sequencing in China English
Authors: Liu Kaiwen
Published: April 2021

As China English is gradually identified as a variety of world Englishes rather than an inauthentic deviant from the standard English, a number of research has focused on discussing the existence and codification of China English. Most of the studies concluded that China English is undergoing nativization process in mainland China. However, the previous studies mainly discussed the lexical features in China English. The study aims to discuss the extent to which the codified syntactic feature in China English is used and accepted. Therefore, the present study adopted a corpus-based approach to analyze the use of a codified syntactic feature, ‘modifying-modified’ sequence in China English. Over 1,685 sentences in two corpus were identified and compared. The result shows that despite the fact that the codified syntactic feature has been localized in Chinese context, it is not widely accepted as an appropriate variable, which may indicate that China English has not reached the nativization stage.
The Jumbled Languages: Code Mixing in the Modern World
Authors: Masorong Sharifa Khalid
Published: April 2021

Globalization has changed the original meaning of language and culture. These two terms have transcended as the world gets crazy over new inventions and gadgets. Although historically speaking, technology has been used years earlier, the society has not noticed it until in the recent years when technology has an obvious impact to the society. Communication in the modern world has become so innovative that many use media to express and reveal their cultural identity as well. One of the aims of this study was to investigate how Meranaws use the social media as a way of expressing themselves using two or more languages. This was identified through the idea of code switching and code mixing. This research tried to unlock how Meranaws use their native language and English as communication through Facebook and Twitter accounts. The findings showed that Meranawas use Facebook statuses and tweets as a means to express what they feel and not necessarily wanting answers in return or in the categorization refers to as virtual monologue. It means that when they want to express themselves to emphasize a point, Meranaw users see status bars as an open diary wherein they rant what they have in mind and generally focuses on realizations, complains, hypothetical questions or opinions certain issues.  Most Meranaw users also use the CMCs to feel that they belong to a group. They express in Meranaw to be sure that their fellow Meranawget the point of their messages. It is either to elicit sympathy or to get approval from people of the same group or in this case, culture.    The results also show that code mixing help users to appreciate the culture more for it allows them to express what they feel better. Although they might have limited audience when they use their mother tongue in statuses and tweets, at least they still have avenue for them to use their language.
Socio-economic results of Russia's development in 2020: dynamics of key indicators and development prospects
Authors:   Market Economy Institute of RAS, Tsvetkov Valery A.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the dynamics of key indicators of the Russian economy in 2020. The main achievements and failures of economic development are outlined. The prospects for the development of the national economy in 2021 are considered separately. I would like to express my deep gratitude to my colleagues from MEI RAS for their help in preparing this article: cand. of sci. (Econ.) Usmanov D.I., researcher Zoidov Z.K., researcher Yankauskas K.S.
Application of project management in the process of implementing Russia's institutional transition to the digital economy
Authors:   Market Economy Institute of RAS, Dudin Mikhail N. , Bryntsev Alexander N. ,   Market Economy Institute of RAS, Usmanov Daler I. ,   Market Economy Institute of RAS
Published: April 2021

Subject/Topic. Article is devoted to study of methodological support of application of project management in process of implementation of institutional transition of Russia to digital economy. Methodology. In the process of writing the article, general scientific methods were used (for example, retrospective and chronological analysis, synthesis, deduction), and special economic methods (for example, SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, Foresight tools). To study the process of formation of project management in the Russian Federation, taking into account the rapid development of the digital economy, we used problem-chronological and historical-genetic methods of scientific knowledge, as well as expert methods. Results. Based on the results of the research, methodological approaches to the application of project management were revealed, the features of foreign and domestic business models were described, and the factors-drivers and barriers to the development of project management practices in the processes of forming the digital economy of Russia were analyzed. Separately, the authors prepared a comparative analysis of possible trajectories for the development of digital economics, taking into account global challenges and threats of a planetary scale. Conclusions/Significance. As part of the scientific study, the importance of applying the project management methodology in the implementation of the processes for the formation of the digital economy of the Russian Federation was proved, the main business models for the implementation of the project management were revealed, taking into account the national priorities and interests of Russia, a forecast of possible scenarios for the development of the paradigm of project thinking in the formation of the digital economy in world centers was prepared: USA, EU, Russia. Application. The results of the scientific study will be useful both for educational purposes for students and readers interested in the application of project management in the digital economy, and for practitioners who plan to use the project management methodology in managing the business model of the organization, taking into account the current challenges and threats of the emerging digital economy.
Digital economy and Industry 4.0: new challenges for small and medium enterprises
Authors:   Market Economy Institute of RAS, Nevmyvako Valery P.
Published: April 2021

Subject/topic. The article is devoted to the study of the issues of universal digitalization as a factor of new challenges for small and medium-sized businesses. The modern socio-economic system of doing business is more and more dynamic and difficult to predict from the standpoint of the effects of society's group behavior generated by it, the volatility of trends in demand for products and services, and the urgent need to personalize the products and services created. Such requests are a direct consequence of the development of the digital economy and the emerging new world order – Industry 4.0. Modern market realities directly dictate to business the rules of the game in the digital field, activating internal signals to transform the business model of generating customer value and the way it is delivered to the client. If earlier the digital infrastructure of business played the role of an auxiliary link or an image tool, then since the second decade of the 21st century, digitalization has confidently taken the role of a driver for smart business growth and its qualitative development within the framework of the trilogy: power – client – business. Research results. The article describes the key features of the development of the digital economy in Russia, provides statistical data on the innovative activity of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as provides a critical review of the current challenges, threats and opportunities for involving small and medium-sized businesses in the digital era, substantiates conceptual formulas for assessing potential damage in if cyber threats are implemented. Conclusions. The materials of the article are of practical value for managers of small and medium-sized businesses, anti-crisis managers, specialized institutions of financial and consulting support. Only a constructive and honest dialogue of the largest players in the information technology market with the business community can help build a real and strong digital economy in Russia.
Neuro-imaging findings in children with developmental delay and cerebral palsy: experience from a tertiary medical center of Bangladesh
Authors: Nabi Naheed , Shefa Jannatara , Akhter Shaheen
Published: April 2021

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common developmental disability in children. Neuro-imaging in CP is widely used investigation. Imaging study can visualize the anatomical location of lesion in brain. The aim of this study was to find out the extent of non-progressive damage in brain among children with CP.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the out-patient department of Institute of Pediatric Neurodisorders & Autism (IPNA), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from December, 2019 to March, 2020.

Results: Total 88 cases (age up to 14 years) were reviewed. There was male predominance and male to female ratio was 2:1. Computed tomography (CT) scan was done in majority of patients (71 cases) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 17 cases. Major abnormalities were atrophy in 34.1% cases, ventricular dilatation in 14.8% cases, encephalomalacia in 19.3% cases and basal ganglia lesion in 11.4% cases. Overall in CT scan group, 95.77% cases were abnormal and in MRI group, 88.23% were abnormal.

Conclusion: Atrophy of the brain was the most common finding in neuro-imaging of patients with CP and developmental disabilities. Neuro-imaging is very useful and recommended for the children with developmental delay and CP cases. It may help to classify the CP and may give a clue for further investigations such as metabolic screening and genetic testing.

Birdem Med J 2021; 11(2): 112-115
DiGeorge syndrome presenting with seizure in neonatal period: a case report
Authors: Begum Noorjahan , Mohsin Fauzia , Sufian Abu , Islam Nasreen , Nahar Jebun , Mollah Mohammad Abid Hossain
Published: April 2021

DiGeorge syndrome is caused by a micro-deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 that disrupts development of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches during early embryogenesis. Other structures forming at the same period are also frequently affected. So, the phenotypic spectrum shows a wide variability. In this case report, we describe a 1-month and 24-day old male child who presented with history of recurrent afebrile seizure and noisy breathing since early neonatal period. He had history of repeated chest infections. On examination, patient had stridor, facial dysmorphism, pectus excavatum and clinical features of pneumonia. Investigations revealed hypocalcaemia, hypoparathyroidism, consolidation on X-ray chest and cellular immunodeficiency. Echocardiography findings were normal. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed which confirmed the diagnosis 22q11.2 deletion.

Birdem Med J 2021; 11(2): 128-132
Paediatric history taking: few important points
Authors: Nahar Nazmun
Published: April 2021

Abstract not available

Birdem Med J 2021; 11(2): 125-127
CHURCH SLAVONIC BORROWINGS IN THE LEXICAL SYSTEM OF UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE OF 16–17 CENTURIES
Authors: OSINCHUK Yurii
Published: April 2021

The article describes Church Slavonic loanwords' functioning and use in the lexical-semantic system of the Ukrainian written literary language of the XVI – first half of the XVII century. It discloses the concepts of «Church Slavonic language», «Church Slavonic loanwords». The composition and semantics of Slavonic loanwords in the language of various genres of Ukrainian memos (certificates, court documents, wills, diplomas, descriptions of castles, rounders Hetman of offices, documents of the Church and school fraternities, annals, works of religious polemic and imaginative literature, memos of scientific and educational literature, liturgical books etc.), walked to the source base of «Dictionary of the Ukrainian language of 16 – the first half 17 centuries» and its unique lexical card index are clarified. The study highlights specific features of the investigated borrowings in the Ukrainian language, specified time, set them apart from other words (Latinisms, Grecisms, Polonisms, and the like). These features are most active at the phonetic, word formation, and semantic levels of language.

It is established that in the course of the historical development of the Church Slavonic language, some Church Slavonic loanwords, under the influence of the phonetic features of the Ukrainian language (the pronunciation of ancient etymological ы and и as a single sound in the front row and high raise [и]; use e in place of the stressed or unstressed ѣ; pronunciation of ѣ as i «new» ѣ at the place of the etymological e; writing e in place of Proto-Slavic ę; the alternation у/в; sound transformation in the individual prefixes and suffix; the softening of the ц; the transition in unstressed position у – о; loss of primary і; simplification in groups of consonants, etc.), changes in the sound structure of the word. Part of the Church Slavonic words, adapting to the semantic system of the Ukrainian language of 16 – the first half 17 centuries, changed to lexico-semantic level, particularly the expansion or narrowing semantics. Other old Church Slavonic lexemes are components of the diverse lexico-grammatical patterns of collocations and idioms connected with the Church ritual sphere.

Keywords: adaptation, written memos, semantics, phrases, phonetic changes, Church Slavonicism.
THE PICTURE OF THE WORLD AND THE CONCEPT: THE PROBLEM OF (RE)INTERPRETATION
Authors: YASRTEMSKA Tetiana
Published: April 2021

The article summarizes the main theoretical principles of interpreting the terms lingual picture of the world and concept by analyzing primary academic studies in cognitive linguistics and by processing dialectal studies as phenomena of dialect speakers' lingual consciousness in the light of cognitive semantics. The author has made an attempt of interpreting – or rather reinterpreting – these terms due to the increased attention of today's researchers to these terms. The notions of scientific and naive, lingual and conceptual, lingual and dialectal pictures of the world are grounded and verified. The main approaches to understanding the term concept, its history, and basic definitions, typologies, and features have been under study. Special attention is paid to the form and content of the concept. The structure of the concept (verbal expression) constructs nominative space, which includes a system of nominations (lexical, phraseological, and syntactic units), while the content of the concept (semantic space) shapes the "assembled" semantics of concept nominations, covering semantic fields, subfields, micro fields, etc. The author also explores the systematic organization of concepts as well as the formation of the sphere of concepts (equal to the conceptual picture of the world), which is verbalized and transformed into a lingual picture of the world. She has elaborated an original algorithm for concept analysis as based on the nominative space of the binary concepts top / bottom in Ukrainian dialects (base words верх / низ; synonyms гора / діл, під; cognate words (derivatives and compounds); combinations of words, idioms with these keywords). The sources of the research are historical and regional dictionaries as well as texts and linguistic atlases. It is possible to identify the specific features of the perception of the world and differences in the worldview of dialect speakers, their knowledge and collective experience. It is also possible to represent the specific features of dialect nomination, derivation, and semantics. The topicality of the study is motivated by the controversial character of understanding the terms lingual picture of the world and concept in the linguistic paradigm as well as by determining relations between these notions and methods for their analysis.

Keywords: Dialectal picture of the world, concept, nominative space of concept, semantic space of concept, sphere of concepts, binary opposition.
INFORMATION AND TECHNOGENIC FACTOR AND HUMAN: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ASPECT
Authors: MEKH Nataliia , MEKH Oleh
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the problem of integration of scientific and technological progress, in particular information and communication technologies in human life, the emergence of an alternative level of dependence of the individual on information and technogenic factors in the psycholinguistic aspect. Analysis of theoretical and practical prerequisites of influence of scientific and technological sphere on a person, particularly information and communication technologies on its psycholinguistic potential, estimation of depth, and practical consequences of influence and further prospects. The general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of the research problem were used, formalizing the results of domestic and foreign sources, systematization, and comparing existing estimates to identify significant and minor factors and their correlation, generalization of results, forecasting of prospects. Scientific and technological progress in changing man's world has adjusted his ability to choose information, analyze it critically, and formulate objective decisions. More and more people are given not information for analysis but conclusions. The existence of human dependence on information technology comes from the understanding that their creation is a projection of the inner world of man, his views and motives. Therefore, dependence is a downside to existing technological comfort, living conditions, and communication. At the same time, competition requires constant updating of people's knowledge of technology, which only exacerbates this dependency, personal energy costs, psychological fatigue, and problems of motivation. One of the conditions for effective human existence in the information and communication system is violated - synchronization of information processing processes, which negatively affects the psycholinguistic level. The level of human dependence on technology is unprecedented, and further expansion and self-interest will only worsen, in particular psycholinguistic perspectives. The improvement of the situation does not lie in the technological plane, as it increases the level of social morality, an ethos of man and community.

Keywords: scientific and technological sphere, information and communication technologies, psycholinguistics, integration, influence.
Millî Mücadele’de Bursa Uleması: Yunan İşgalinde Bursa’da Saltanata Bağlılık Mitingi
Authors: Bozkurt Celil
Published: April 2021

Millî Mücadele'de Bursa, saltanat yanlıları ile Kuvayımilliye destekçisi halk arasında bölünmüş durumdaydı. Bursa'nın Millî Mücadele yazgısında Bursalı ulema ve din adamları belirleyici oldu. Kuvayımilliye destekçisi ulemanın etkin olduğu taşranın aksine Bursa merkezde halife padişaha bağlı olan ulema ağırlıktaydı. İstanbul hükûmetinin Kuvayımilliye aleyhinde yayımladığı fetvadan sonra Bursa'daki kontrol saltanat yanlısı ulemanın eline geçti. Millî Mücadele aleyhtarı ulemanın Yunan ordusunun “halife ordusu” olduğu yönünde yaptığı propaganda Bursa'nın direnmeden Yunan işgaline girmesine zemin hazırladı. Bursa ulema ve eşrafının Yunan güdümünde Bursa'da yaptığı saltanata bağlılık mitingi ve Kuvayımilliye aleyhinde hazırladığı beyanname, Millî Mücadele tarihi açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir.
1928 Muallim Almanağı ve Dönemin Eğitim Anlayışı
Authors: Demir Gönül Türkan
Published: April 2021

Almanaklar, yayınlandıkları dönemin özelliklerinin anlaşılması açısından tarih araştırmalarının önemli kaynakları arasında yer almaktadır. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında yeni kurulan rejimin ve gerçekleştirilen inkılapların sağlam temellere dayandırılmasında dönemin eğitimcilerine büyük sorumluluklar yüklendiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada incelenen Muallim Almanağı dönemin eğitimine önemli katkılar yapmış olan Faik Reşit Unat ve İsmail Hakkı Tonguç tarafından öğretmenlerin kullanması için 1928 yılında hazırlanmıştır. Almanağın içeriği incelendiğinde dönemin eğitim anlayışı ve öğretmenlerden beklentilerinin anlaşılması açısından somut bir örnek olduğu görülmektedir. Almanakta hem 1928 yılına ait istatistiki bilgilere hem de öğretmenlerin kişisel ve mesleki gelişimlerini destekleyici bölümlere yer verilmiştir. Çalışma doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiş nitel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmada incelenen almanağın içeriği hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra almanak, eğitim açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Böylece dönemin öğretmen yeterlilikleri ve öğretmenlerden beklentileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
A importância do exame Preventivo de Câncer de Colo de Útero e os fatores relacionados a não adesão
Authors: Silva Thaís Rodrigues de Sousa , Santos Jéssica Costa Moreira dos , Oliveira Jayne Sousa de , Abreu Vitor Pachelle Lima , Silva Rosivane Rodrigues da , Dantas Kassyo Lenno Sousa , Silva Robson Mariano Oliveira , Januário Palloma Oliveira da Silva , Gonçalves Gysllayne Fernandes de Sousa , Rodrigues Carolina Freitas do Carmo , Silva Maitê da Veiga Feitoza Borges , Oliveira Rhavenna Thais Silva , Ferreira Ruhena Kelber Abrão
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Identificar o perfil das mulheres atendidas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, a periodicidade de realização do PCCU e os fatores que influenciam a não adesão ao exame. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, exploratório e quantitativo, realizado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do centro de Açailândia/MA com 140 mulheres. Foi aplicado um formulário, contendo variáveis relacionadas ao perfil sócio demográfico, perfil clínico/ginecológico e adesão ao exame. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que 64,3% das participantes estão na faixa etária entre 15 e 37 anos, 55% são pardas, 57,9% concluíram o ensino médio, 53,6% são casadas, 67,1% se ocupam das atividades do lar e 60% não possuíam renda mensal. A maioria (84,3%) têm até 3 filhos, iniciaram a atividade sexual entre 11 e 18 anos (69,3%), possuíam parceiro fixo (96,4%) e 45,7% informam não usar o preservativo nas relações sexuais. Quanto a realização do PCCU 85% já haviam realizado alguma vez, sendo a periodicidade mais frequente de 1 ano (52,9%) e, em média, 14,3% relataram não realizar o exame preventivo conforme o recomendado por motivo de vergonha ou falta de tempo. Conclusão: Sabe-se que conhecer e avaliar o perfil das mulheres atendidas em uma UBS contribui com o conhecimento do perfil populacional, corroborando com a redução dos índices de câncer do colo do útero. Diante disso, o investimento em educação e capacitação em saúde, tanto dos profissionais quanto das pacientes, é fundamental, além de fornecer assistência à saúde de forma abrangente, conhecendo o perfil da população e, assim, a maior cobertura dos programas de rastreamento, promoção, prevenção e educação em saúde, incluindo também estratégias de enfrentamento da doença reduzindo, dessa forma, a sua incidência e a mortalidade causadas pelo câncer de colo do útero.
Candidíase e candidemia neonatal: Revisão de literatura
Authors: Luz Gabriela Alves , Schneider Gabriela Coleta , Carmo Monique Santos do
Published: April 2021

O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a candidíase e candidemia neonatal abordando a etiopatogenia, epidemiologia, fatores de virulência, fatores de risco, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamento, prevenção, resposta imunológica, padrão de susceptibilidade aos antifúngicos, estratégias para redução da morbimortalidade e perspectivas futuras. Foram elencados artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos nas bases de dados PubMed, Medline e Google Scholar. A candidíase e a candidemia neonatal são importantes causas de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, de forma que mais de 750.000 casos são registrados anualmente. Os recém-nascidos mais susceptíveis são os prematuros, de baixo peso, imunosuprimidos, sob o uso de cateter, ventilação mecânica e nutrição parenteral. É necessário um controle mais rígido dos fatores de risco dentro do ambiente hospitalar associado ao cuidado dos profissionais, além do uso racional de antifúngicos seja na prevenção ou tratamento da candidíase e candidemia. É importante ressaltar também sobre a mudança gradual no curso epidemiológico dessas patologias pela emergência de novas espécies não albicans que podem representar sério risco para os neonatos. Políticas públicas direcionadas para o manejo adequado da candidíase e candidemia são necessárias.
Perfil fitoquímico e microbiológico do extrato das folhas de Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. (Macela)
Authors: Alves Amanda Beatriz , Oliveira Flávio Augusto , Souza Gabrielly Borges de , Machado Laila Helena , Oliveira Sofia de Castro , Terra Michele Carolina , Rotondo Kamila , Jordão João Paulo Lopes , Fantinato Guilherme , Chaves Gabriel Lopes , Rufino Luciana Rosa Alves , Salles Bruno Cesar Correa , Santos Gérsika Bitencourt
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: A Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. (Macela) é conhecida popularmente por suas propriedades antiinflamatórias, antiespasmódicas e contra desordens intestinais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a atividade microbiológica e o perfil fitoquímico do extrato das folhas da Macela caracterizando seus grupos metabólicos secundários e seus constituintes. Métodos: Foi preparado o extrato hidroetanólico da Macela. Para análise microbiológica, as bactérias foram incubadas em ágar sangue e os fungos foram cultivados em ágar Sabouraud Dextrose (ASD - Himedia®). As placas foram incubadas a 37°C e após 24 horas utilizou-se o paquímetro digital para verificar o diâmetro formado pelo halo de inibição promovido pelos extratos e controles. O perfil fitoquímico do extrato hidroetanólico da Macela realizou-se através do espectrofotômetro. Pelo método de DDPH foi analisada a capacidade sequestrante de radicais livres do extrato estudado. Resultados: A análise microbiológica mostrou que não houve inativação das cepas dos microrganismos testados. O perfil fitoquímico evidenciou alto teor de compostos fenólicos totais e flavonoides; e a análise do DPPH mostrou uma interessante capacidade antioxidante, mas não similar ao sintético BHT. Conclusão/Considerações finais: O extrato não apresentou atividade antimicrobiana frente as bactérias e fungos analisados, mas possui grande quantidade de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides e atividade antioxidante.
Avaliação da superfície dos instrumentos ProTaper Next e Logic após diferente número de usos, através da Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura
Authors: Santos Paulo Eduardo Silva , Limoeiro Ana Grasiela da Silva , Nascimento Wayne Martins , Bueno Carlos Eduardo da Silveira , Rosas Cesar Augusto Perini , Kato Augusto Shoji
Published: April 2021

A reutilização das limas endodônticas é uma prática comum entre os profissionais, embora seu uso único seja recomendado pelo fabricante. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar a superfície das limas de dois sistemas rotatórios fabricados em NiTi tratadas termicamente: Limas #25/01 e #25/06 do sistema ProDesign Logic e as limas X1 e X2 do sistema ProTaper Next, após 4 etapas: sem uso, primeiro, segundo e terceiro uso, através da análise sob microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram utilizados no total de 60 incisivos inferiores com apenas um canal e 20 conjuntos de limas, divididos em 4 grupos (n=10), de acordo com os diferentes tempos de uso. As limas do grupo controle foram submetidas a esterilização e posicionadas no aparelho de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura e as imagens das superfícies foram obtidas e serviram como imagem controle. Na sequência, as limas foram submetidas a primeira instrumentação nos dentes extraídos, lavadas em cuba ultrassônica com detergente enzimático e novamente analisadas no MEV. Repetiu-se esses procedimentos até o terceiro uso. Utilizou-se da estatística qualitativa, para a presença ou não da alteração de superfície, e aplicação do teste qui-quadrado de partição (p<0.05). Os resultados demonstraram que não houve diferença significante entre a presença de alterações nos tempos experimentais, sendo que depois do primeiro uso, todas as limas (25.01, 25.06, X1 e X2) apresentaram alterações na superfície. Conclui-se que, os instrumentos endodônticos utilizados na presente pesquisa sofreram alterações superficiais significativas após o primeiro uso, contraindicando a reutilização dos mesmos.