bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confidence intervals for the ratio of two independent Poisson rates: Parametric bootstrap, modified asymptotic, and approximate-estimate approaches
Authors: Kharrati-Kopaei Mahmood , Dorosti-Motlagh Raziye
Published: November 2019

We propose four confidence intervals for the ratio of two independent Poisson rates. We apply a parametric bootstrap approach, two modified asymptotic results, and we propose an ad-hoc approximate-estimate method to construct confidence intervals. We justify the correctness of the proposed methods asymptotically in the case of non-rare events (when the Poisson rates are large). We also compare the proposed confidence intervals with some recommended ones in the case of rare events (when the Poisson rates are small) via an extensive simulation study. The results show that the proposed modified asymptotic and the approximate-estimate confidence intervals perform reasonably well in terms of coverage probability and average length.
Between Patton and Montgomery: Robert Henriques and Operation Husky
Authors: Barr Niall
Published: November 2019

This article explores the role and importance of General Patton’s unofficial British liaison officer, Col. Robert Henriques, during Operation Husky, July–August 1943. In so doing, it sheds further light upon some of the most famous disputes between the Allies and highlights the importance of liaison and the consequences of its relative dearth to Anglo–American relations during the campaign. Henriques experience and involvement also reveal a small part of the Allies use of special forces during the campaign. Overall, Henriques role and experience provide a valuable and detailed perspective on Operation Husky.
Reflections on a journey with Accounting History as an international refereed journal, 1995–2019
Authors: Carnegie Garry D
Published: November 2019

Accounting History is the journal of the Accounting History Special Interest Group of the Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand. My journey as the Founding Editor (1995–2007) and as Joint Editor (from 2008) of the New Series (NS) of Accounting History, as an international refereed journal, commenced on 1 January 1995 and will conclude on 31 December 2019. The first issue of the NS was published in May 1996, with 1995 being devoted to relaunching the journal for international leadership in the field. The journal’s development has been supported by periodic conferences, colloquia and symposia, namely the Accounting History International Conference, the Accounting History Doctoral Colloquium, which was later replaced by the Accounting History International Emerging Scholars’ Colloquium, and the Accounting History Symposium. This contribution provides personal reflections of this journey from 1995 to 2019, a consecutive period of 25 years, and comprises four sections: Introduction, Looking back, Looking ahead and Conclusions.
End-of-Life Care of Persons With Alzheimer Disease: An Update for Clinicians
Authors: Trinh Eric , Lee Andrew , Kim Kye Y.
Published: November 2019

While end-of-life (EOL) care has been a relatively common option for patients with terminal cancer, the utilization of EOL care in Alzheimer disease and other dementias has become available more recently. By the time end-stage dementia is present, the clinicians and caregivers become faced with multiple clinical issues—their inability to provide subjective complaints of pain and discomfort, behavioral symptoms, delirium, food refusal, and so on. In addition to providing quality EOL care to the patients, clinicians need to work with their families in an open and empathic manner, assuring that their loved ones will receive supportive measures to keep them comfortable.
Tykhonov well-posedness of a frictionless unilateral contact problem
Authors: Liu Zhenhai , Sofonea Mircea , Xiao Yi-bin
Published: November 2019

We consider a frictionless contact problem, Problem [Formula: see text], for elastic materials. The process is assumed to be static and the contact is modelled with unilateral constraints. We list the assumptions on the data and derive a variational formulation of the problem, Problem [Formula: see text]. Then we consider a perturbation of Problem [Formula: see text], which could be frictional, governed by a small parameter [Formula: see text]. This perturbation leads in a natural way to a family of sets [Formula: see text]. We prove that Problem [Formula: see text] is well-posed in the sense of Tykhonov with respect to the family [Formula: see text]. The proof is based on arguments of monotonicity, pseudomonotonicity and various estimates. We extend these results to a time-dependent version of Problem [Formula: see text]. Finally, we provide examples and mechanical interpretation of our well-posedness results, which, in particular, allow us to establish the link between the weak solutions of different contact models.
Acoustic performance of countersunk micro-perforated panel in multilayer porous material
Authors: Yuvaraj L , Jeyanthi S
Published: November 2019

This study investigates the acoustic performance of a countersunk micro-perforated panel, along with two distinct porous materials used in a multilayer porous absorber configuration. Additive manufacturing is applied to create sub-millimeter perforation with different hole spacings on polymer micro-perforated panels. Experiments are conducted in an impedance tube, in which the effects of the perforation ratio, air gap, and varying porous layer configurations on the sound absorption capabilities are investigated. For validation, considering the converging hole profile in the micro-perforated panel, an integration method with end correction is used to calculate the tapered section impedance, and the traditional Maa theory is used for the uniform hole. The theoretical impedance of the multilayer absorber is calculated using the transfer matrix method and subsequently compared to the experimental results. The results demonstrate that the countersunk hole micro-perforated panel exhibits a significant improvement in sound absorption, and the introduction of porous materials extends the sound absorption bandwidth. Furthermore, the results indicate that the sound absorption capability depends on the porous material placement in the multilayer absorber configuration.
Autism and depression are connected: A report of two complimentary network studies
Authors: van Heijst Barbara FC , Deserno Marie K , Rhebergen Didi , Geurts Hilde M
Published: November 2019

Autism and depression often co-occur. Through network analysis, we seek to gain a better understanding of this co-occurrence by investigating whether (1) autism and depression share overlapping groups of symptoms and/or (2) are connected through a bridge of mastery or worry symptoms. This is addressed in two complimentary studies: (1) Study 1 focusing on depressed ( N = 258) and non-depressed adults ( N = 117), aged 60–90 years; (2) Study 2 focusing on autistic ( N = 173) and non-autistic adults ( N = 70), aged 31–89 years. Self-report questionnaire data were collected on autistic traits (AQ-28), depression symptoms (Study 1: Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report; Study 2: Symptom Checklist 90–Revised depression subscale), worry (Worry Scale-R) and mastery (the Pearlin Mastery Scale). For both studies, data were analysed by creating glasso networks and subsequent centrality analyses to identify the most influential variables in the respective networks. Both depressed and autistic adults are highly similar in the perceived amount of worries and lack of control. While caution is needed when interpreting the pattern of findings given the bootstrapping results, findings from both studies indicate that overlapping symptoms do not fully explain the co-occurrence of autism and depression and the perception of having control over your life, that is, mastery seems a relevant factor in connecting autism and depression.
Influences on proactive classroom management: Views of teachers in government secondary schools, Queensland
Authors: Hepburn Lorna , Beamish Wendi
Published: November 2019

Proactive classroom management is associated with increased teacher wellbeing and improved student learning outcomes. Yet research indicates that many teachers over-report and underuse practices associated with this approach. The research findings reported here were drawn from semi-structured interviews conducted with 26 government secondary school teachers in Queensland, Australia. These teachers favoured a classroom management approach based on establishing positive relationships with students, but they raised challenges related to cultivating student engagement, meeting the diverse needs of learners and adherence to school disciplinary procedures. Although they felt generally confident with classroom management and were relatively satisfied with student behaviour, they identified a need for better initial teacher preparation, improved induction support and opportunities for ongoing professional development for classroom management.
Experimental research on the wet bonding properties between RFRP and concrete
Authors: Yin Yu-shi , Fan Ying-fang
Published: November 2019

In this work, an improved wet bonding method was developed for strengthening of fiber-reinforced polymer. A self-made roughened carbon fiber–reinforced polymer sheet (hereinafter referred to as RFRP sheet) was externally attached to the surface layer of a nano-kaolin-modified concrete test piece to form an RFRP–concrete wet-bonded test piece. Then, the pull-off bond test and the single shear test were performed on 32 and 30 test pieces, respectively. The performance of the wet bonding interface of RFRP–concrete in the normal and tangential directions was investigated by changing the length of glass fiber cellosilk in RFRP bonding resin, the diameter of RFRP porous pelelith rock, and the ratio of nano-kaolin. In addition, by comparing the scanning electron microscopy images of untreated fiber-reinforced polymer sheet and the concrete block without nano-kaolin, the mechanism of the adhesion enhancement of the RFRP–concrete interface was explained. The results show that the differentiation between fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete wet bonding failure and RFRP–concrete wet bonding failure was mainly based on the large-scale concrete with peeled off concrete surface. RFRP effectively enhanced the wet adhesion performance of the interface with concrete in both normal and tangential directions. The interface bonding ability increased by 900% and 42%, respectively, compared with the control test pieces. The diameter of pelelith rock was found to be the most important factor affecting the shear wet bonding performance of the RFRP–concrete interface. The second important factor was the ratio of nano-kaolin. The optimum conditions for the best tangential anti-peeling ability of the RFRP–concrete structure were found to be the addition of 5-mm-diameter pelelith stone, 3% nano-kaolin, and glass cellosilk of 89 mm length. When the RFRP and the concrete were wet-bonded, the uncured cement mortar effectively filled the holes of the original pelelith rock and acted as a mechanical lock, thereby increasing the bonding stress.
Tuned mass damper asymmetric coupling system for vibration control of adjacent twin buildings
Authors: Ok Seung-Yong
Published: November 2019

It is widely known that, in the vibration control problem of two adjacent structures, an inter-building coupling approach with the connecting damper is more efficient than an independent control approach with the bracing damper. However, the inter-building coupling approach is only valid for two different structures. When the two structures are twin, the existing inter-building coupling approach does not work properly due to the response symmetry of the twin structures. To overcome such limitations, this study proposes a new control approach based on the asymmetric coupling system where the twin buildings are coupled with the connecting damper and the additional damper is installed asymmetrically to perturb the symmetry of the twin structures. Under this intentional asymmetric condition, the proposed system can fully maintain the control efficiency of the conventional inter-building coupling approach. The tuned mass damper–based asymmetric coupling system is considered as a numerical example, and the independent control system with tuned mass damper is further taken into account for comparison purpose. For the optimal design of the proposed system, a multi-objective optimization technique was introduced, and the efficiency of the proposed approach has been investigated through the numerical simulations of the 10-story twin structures. By comparing the control performances of the optimal solutions between the proposed asymmetric coupling systems and the independent control system, it was verified that the proposed asymmetric coupling system can be a new efficient system for the vibration control of adjacent twin structures.
Experimental study on the cyclic behavior of ultra high performance concrete–filled steel tube beam-columns
Authors: Wei Jian-gang , Zhou Jun , Huang Jiang-nan , Yuan Hui-hui , Huang Qing-wei
Published: November 2019

This article experimentally investigates the cyclic behavior of ultra high performance concrete–filled steel tube beam-columns. A total of eight specimens were tested. The considered parameters were the axial load ratio and steel ratio. The results showed that all ultra high performance concrete–filled steel tube beam-columns had a very good cyclic behavior without significant pinching. Increasing the axial load ratio results in the decrease of strength and ductility, but it has no obvious influence on the initial flexural stiffness. Reducing the steel ratio results in the decrease of the strength, stiffness and ductility, and energy dissipation capacity.
Using machine learning approaches to predict high-cost chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in China
Authors: Luo Li , Li Jialing , Lian Shuhao , Zeng Xiaoxi , Sun Lin , Li Chunyang , Huang Debin , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2019

The accurate identification and prediction of high-cost Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is important for addressing the economic burden of COPD. The objectives of this study were to use machine learning approaches to identify and predict potential high-cost patients and explore the key variables of the forecasting model, by comparing differences in the predictive performance of different variable sets. Machine learning approaches were used to estimate the medical costs of COPD patients using the Medical Insurance Data of a large city in western China. The prediction models used were logistic regression, random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). All three models had good predictive performance. The XGBoost model outperformed the others. The areas under the ROC curve for Logistic Regression, RF and XGBoost were 0.787, 0.792 and 0.801. The precision and accuracy metrics indicated that the methods achieved correct and reliable results. The results of this study can be used by healthcare data analysts, policy makers, insurers, and healthcare planners to improve the delivery of health services.
The Voluntary Sector Role in Youth and Young Adult Justice Services: A Comparative Case Study of Finland and England/Wales
Authors: Abrams Laura S. , Moreno Lisa , Harrikari Timo
Published: November 2019

This comparative case study investigates the voluntary sector interface with criminal justice systems for youth and young adults in England/Wales and Finland. Methods included document review and stakeholder interviews. Across cases, key differences were found in the training of corrections and probation officers, funding sources and structures, and use of actuarial models and evidence. The organization of these relationships was also different for youth and young adult services, particularly in England/Wales where clear lines are drawn between age groups. The results contribute to an understanding of how system-level factors can drive relationships between the voluntary and criminal justice sectors.
A gender geography of intentional homicide within and outside of the family: Male and female murders in Europe, the US and Canada (2003–15)
Authors: Minello A. , Dalla-Zuanna G.
Published: November 2019

Using the most recent and unpublished international data provided by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, we discuss the geography of male and female homicides in Europe, the US and Canada during the period 2003–15.

We observe declining trends in mortality for both male and female homicide in most of these countries. For within-family homicides, geographical differences are much less pronounced compared with those occurring outside the family, especially if the victim is a woman and the perpetrator is the partner or former partner. Only for men is the risk of being the victim of a homicide committed by a family member greater where the risk of being killed by someone outside the family is also higher.
The Undesirable Consequences of Doping Regulations: Why Stricter Efforts Might Strengthen Doping Incentives
Authors: Music Kasim
Published: November 2019

We analyze the impact of doping regulations on the doping decisions of athletes in a Tullock contest. We show that stricter anti-doping regulations may increase the profits of doped athletes, which makes doping more sustainable in the long run. Under certain conditions, a naturally more able athlete may receive a lower payoff than his naturally less able competitor, reversing the natural payoff order. We consider the case of different anti-doping agencies and show that harmonization of doping regulations may increase the doping intensity. We point out incentive problems that may arise in the case of strategic interaction between anti-doping agencies.
The Effect of Superstars on Game Attendance: Evidence From the NBA
Authors: Humphreys Brad R. , Johnson Candon
Published: November 2019

Economic models predict that “superstar” players generate externalities that increase attendance and other revenue sources beyond their individual contributions to team success. We investigate the effect of superstar players on individual game attendance at National Basketball Association games from 1981-1982 through 2013-2014. Regression models control for censoring due to sellouts, quality of teams, unobservable team/season heterogeneity, and expected game outcomes. The results show higher home and away attendance associated with some superstar players. Michael Jordan generated the largest superstar attendance externality, generating an additional 4,837/4,236 fans at home/away games.
The Risk of Radiogenic Second Cancer Based on Differential DVH: Central Nervous System Malignant Tumor in Children
Authors: Tang Zheng , Zou Xue , Luo Qian , Wang Ying , Jin Fu
Published: November 2019

Objectives:

To quantify the risk of radiogenic second cancer in pediatric patients receiving hippocampal-sparing craniospinal irradiation either with intensity-modulated radiation therapy or tomotherapy due to the development of a solid second cancer after radiotherapy using the concept of excess absolute risk.

Methods:

Computed tomography images of 15 pediatric patients who received craniospinal irradiation treatment were selected for this study. For each case, intensity-modulated radiation therapy and tomotherapy plans were computed. Then, the dosimetry parameters were analyzed. Differential dose–volume histograms were generated, and the excess absolute risks were calculated for each plan of each patient.

Results:

The tomotherapy group was superior to the intensity-modulated radiation therapy group in target area homogeneity index ( P < .001). Tomotherapy offered greater hippocampal sparing than intensity-modulated radiation therapy in terms of D 2% (15.66 vs 23.05 Gy, P < .001) and Dmean (9.79 vs 20.29 Gy, P < .001). Tomotherapy craniospinal irradiation induced a much higher risk than intensity-modulated radiation therapy craniospinal irradiation to the thyroid and lungs (excess absolute risk: thyroid 28.7 vs 26.9 per 10 000 PY, P = .010; lung 20.5 vs 18.9 per 10 000 PY, P = .003). Both techniques conferred a higher risk to the stomach, but there was little difference. In addition, the 2 plans induced less carcinogenic risk to the liver (excess absolute risk 4.2 vs 4.0 per 10 000 PY, P = .020).

Conclusions:

The tomotherapy plan has obvious advantages in the protection of the hippocampus for children undergoing craniospinal irradiation treatment. Tomotherapy increased the risk of radiogenic second cancer in organ at risk, and therefore, it is imperative to take the risk factor into consideration in the formulation of treatment protocols.
An advertisement dissemination strategy with maximal influence for Internet-of-Vehicles
Authors: Lu Yanfei , Zhao Zihan , Zhang Bowu , Gao Qinghe
Published: November 2019

The recent advances in computation and communication technologies have led to the emergence of Internet-of-Vehicles where vehicles are connected to each other through sensors so that they can exchange information to improve driving safety, efficiency, and comfort. Internet-of-Vehicle has attracted attention from both academia and industry, as it promises huge commercial and research value. This article studies an advertisement dissemination problem in Internet-of-Vehicle with an aim to maximize the profit (number of vehicles to receive advertisements) given a limited budget. In this problem, advertisements will be first sent to a selected set of seed vehicles, then forwarded to neighboring vehicles. To find the influential set of vehicles, we examine the probability of interaction between vehicles by exploiting their mobility. In particular, we present the computation of node marginal gain in four cases by examining vehicle connectivity and topology. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods for influence maximization by running time and deliver ratio under different traffic scenarios.
Focus Group Interviews in Child, Youth, and Parent Research: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Adler Kristin , Salanterä Sanna , Zumstein-Shaha Maya
Published: November 2019

Focus groups are becoming increasingly popular in research, especially in parent and child research. Focus group interviews allow participants to tell their own stories, express their opinions, and even draw pictures without having to adhere to a strict sequence of questions. This method is very suitable for collecting data from children, youths, and parents. However, focus group interviews must be carefully planned and conducted. The literature on focus group interviews with adult participants is extensive, but there are no current summaries of the most important issues to consider when conducting focus group interviews with children, youths, or parents. This article outlines the use of focus groups in child, youth, and parent research and the important factors to be considered when planning, conducting, and analyzing focus groups with children, youths, or parents.
Conceptualizing school leadership in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) cultures: Demarcating challenges for research
Authors: Bailey Lucy , Purinton Ted , Al-Mahdi Osama , Khalifa Hala Al
Published: November 2019

Although school turnaround has been studied extensively in Western contexts such as the United States, the applicability of remedies to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries has not been extensively studied. The literature that exists predominantly uses a Western cultural lens. This article identifies four key dimensions of leadership for transformation of schools—what is leadership, who becomes a school leader, how are leaders supported, and do school leaders believe they can succeed—, contrasting between the Gulf region and the West; in doing so, the article seeks to explain why the solutions to school failure that originate from the West, widely understood around the globe, are either irrelevant or of limited use in this region. Drawing in part on the authors’ experience in establishing a leadership centre, through collaboration between the Ministry of Education in Bahrain and the Bahrain Teachers College, the article calls for systematic empirical studies to establish how each of the four dimensions inform region-specific approaches to leadership for school transformation and quality improvement. It concludes by arguing that researchers should explicitly consider the extent to which their findings can be translated into practical leadership action in a range of cultural settings.
Can the UK 24-item family satisfaction in the intensive care unit questionnaire be used to evaluate quality improvement strategies aimed at improving family satisfaction with the ICU? A qualitative study
Authors: Lyes Susannah , Richards-Belle Alvin , Connolly Bronwen , Rowan Kathryn M , Hinton Lisa , Locock Louise
Published: November 2019

Background

The experiences and satisfaction of family members of patients are important indicators of healthcare quality in the intensive care unit. The family satisfaction in the intensive care unit (FS-ICU-24) questionnaire, developed in Canada and now validated in the UK, is becoming the gold standard measure to evaluate family members’ satisfaction with the intensive care unit. To inform future use of the UK FS-ICU-24 to evaluate quality improvement strategies aimed at improving family satisfaction with the intensive care unit, we set out to explore the extent to which the 24-scored items and domains of the UK FS-ICU-24 reflect common suggestions and priorities for quality improvement self-reported as important to family members in the UK.

Methods

Two data sources were thematically analysed – (1) open-text responses from family members who completed the UK FS-ICU-24 in a large observational cohort study; (2) a set of quality improvement activities generated by patients, family members and staff through experience-based co-design in a mixed-methods’ intensive care unit quality improvement study. Summarised themes were then mapped to the 24-scored items and domains of the UK FS-ICU-24 to assess coverage by the UK FS-ICU-24.

Results

We found a good degree of coverage between the topics and themes identified as important to family members with the 24-scored items and domains of the UK FS-ICU-24.

Conclusion

Our study confirms the face validity of the UK FS-ICU-24 and indicates that its inclusion as an outcome measure for evaluating quality improvement strategies aimed at improving family satisfaction with the intensive care unit is appropriate.
Impacts of Nursing Unit Design on Visibility and Proximity and Its Influences on Communication, Privacy, and Efficiency
Authors: Xuan Xiaodong , Chen Xixi , Li Zongfei
Published: November 2019

Objectives:

This study examines the role of visibility and proximity on nurse communication patterns, perception of privacy, and efficiency in double-corridor nursing units.

Background:

Nurses are extremely important for the quality of healthcare. The literature suggests that visibility and proximity have a substantial impact on the delivery of care and staff experience. However, few studies have empirically examined nursing units in China.

Method:

Questionnaire surveys, observations, and simulations of medication administration tasks were employed.

Results:

Visibility and proximity influenced communication patterns, perceptions of privacy, and efficiency. The type of wall in the medication room could impact nurses’ perception of privacy and efficiency. A partial glass wall in the medication room could achieve balance between privacy and visibility. A medication room that is adjacent to and is easily accessed from the nurse station (NS) could provide efficient communication and efficient work. The partition type between the NS and the doctor’s office and the layout of the medication room could impact communication patterns. The relative position of the NS, medication room, and disposal room could influence the flow of medication administration tasks, and a geographically contiguous spatial layout could enhance work efficiency.

Conclusions:

The findings contribute to the body of knowledge on the impact of visibility and proximity on nurses’ communication patterns, perception of privacy, and efficiency. Recommendations to improve the design of double-corridor nursing units are also provided.
The Matzak judgment of the CJEU: The concept of worker and the blurring frontiers of work and rest time
Authors: García-Muñoz Alhambra Manuel Antonio , Hiessl Christina
Published: November 2019

The CJEU’S Matzak judgment raises diverse and important questions concerning (not only) working time regulation in the European Union. The present special issue sheds light on some of these questions, more specifically with regard to the Working Time Directive‘s personal scope as well as the notions of working time and rest time under EU law. The Directive’s scope is linked to the concept of worker and the criteria to construct it and, in the context of the Matzak case, leads to interesting questions about the position of volunteers in EU law and the problem of concurrent contracts. In this respect, exploring a purposive approach attending to the health and safety aims of the Directive may be fruitful. The boundaries between working time and rest time are far from clear, especially in situations of stand-by and on call time. Here the proposal of an intermediate category related to the idea of quality of rest time is discussed.
Deep-time organizations: Learning institutional longevity from history
Authors: Hanusch Frederic , Biermann Frank
Published: November 2019

The Anthropocene as a new planetary epoch has brought to the foreground the deep-time interconnections of human agency with the earth system. Yet despite this recognition of strong temporal interdependencies, we still lack understanding of how societal and political organizations can manage interconnections that span several centuries and dozens of generations. This study pioneers the analysis of what we call “deep-time organizations.” We provide detailed comparative historical analyses of some of the oldest existing organizations worldwide from a variety of sectors, from the world’s oldest bank (Sveriges Riksbank) to the world’s oldest university (University of Al Quaraouiyine) and the world’s oldest dynasty (Imperial House of Japan). Based on our analysis, we formulate 12 initial design principles that could lay, if supported by further empirical research along similar lines, the basis for the construction and design of “deep-time organizations” for long-term challenges of earth system governance and planetary stewardship.
When “Positive Posting” Attracts Voters: User Engagement and Emotions in the 2017 UK Election Campaign on Facebook
Authors: Gerbaudo Paolo , Marogna Federico , Alzetta Chiara
Published: November 2019

Social media are widely held to have played an important role in the 2017 UK general elections. But it is not altogether clear how exactly they contributed to the communication battle between Labour and the Conservatives. This article analyses the posts and comments on the official Facebook pages of the Labour Party and the Conservative Party and their respective leaders, Jeremy Corbyn and Theresa May. We look at the relationship between topics, emotions, and user engagement. Labour clearly outperformed the Tories, with Corbyn’s personal page having 10 times the interactions of May’s. We retrieve part of the reason for this success in the “positive posting” strategy adopted by Labour and the way it helped to attract user engagement. While the Conservative Party focused on negative issues such as Brexit, terrorism, and national security, Labour focused on positive issues, such as the promise of higher social spending and appeals to the grassroots, generating far higher levels of engagement. Overall, positive topic tended to fare better than more negative and controversial issues, such as security and Brexit. Our findings thus suggest the need for a more balanced understanding of the relationship between content, emotions, and user engagement on social media, moving beyond simplistic views of social media politics as necessarily biased in favor of aggressive and negative campaigning.
Political “Postwriting” on Facebook: Public Perceptions About Parliamentarians’ (Un)Real SNS Involvement
Authors: Sabag Ben-Porat Chen , Lehman-Wilzig Sam
Published: November 2019

Theoretical research on political communication between MPs and the public has focused on the role, activities, and perceptions of the MPs themselves without noting the existence of an intermediate layer: parliamentary assistants (PAs). This study attempts to investigate how the public perceives, practically and ethically, the (non)involvement of MPs, that is, reliance on PAs for SNSs (social network sites) communication with the public and to fill out the theoretical void in the discourse process. Questionnaires were sent to all 120 members of the 20th Israeli Knesset (MKs), with 44 responding. We examined the extent of their involvement and the MKs’ use patterns of Facebook, creating a model of four MK involvement levels. The idea was to check the extent of PAs’ authoring posts on behalf of MKs, what we call “Postwriting” (= post ghostwriting) in the MK’s name (or giving the impression that the MKs had themselves posted). Then we conducted a public opinion poll ( N = 505) in order to discern what the public thought about the nature of its relationship with MKs on Facebook, compared to the findings that emerged from the model of the MKs’ involvement in actual practice. The two parts of the study also enabled us to investigate the ethical perceptions and implications arising from the study.
Goodness of fit for stochastic actor-oriented models
Authors: Lospinoso Josh , Snijders Tom AB
Published: November 2019

We propose a Mahalanobis distance–based Monte Carlo goodness of fit testing procedure for the family of stochastic actor-oriented models for social network evolution. A modified model distance estimator is proposed to help the researcher identify model extensions that will remediate poor fit. A limited simulation study is provided to establish baseline legitimacy for the Mahalanobis distance–based Monte Carlo test and modified model distance estimator. A forward model selection workflow is proposed, and this procedure is demonstrated on a real data set.
Advocacy in Action: The Use of Photovoice in School Counseling
Authors: Haugen Jaimie Stickl , Neverve Candice , Waalkes Phillip L.
Published: November 2019

Photovoice is an innovative approach that uses photography to promote empowerment and social action. Although photovoice has been recognized as a valuable intervention for youth, projects involving this approach primarily have been facilitated by university–school partnerships or community organizations. Aligned with the American School Counselor Association National Model, this article proposes photovoice as a practical tool that school counselors can incorporate into a comprehensive school counseling program to advocate for social action and change.
Bullying and Pain in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Garmy Pernilla , Hansson Erika , Vilhjálmsson Rúnar , Kristjánsdóttir Gudrún
Published: November 2019

Bullying is defined as repeated and unwanted aggressive behavior involving a power imbalance and hurt children and adolescents’ socioemotional functioning. The aim is to investigate associations between pain (headache, stomach pain, backache, and neck/shoulder pain) and bullying among school-aged children and adolescents. This cross-sectional school-based survey comes from the Icelandic data set in the international research network Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children. The study population included all Icelandic students in Grades 6, 8, and 10 (ages 11, 13, and 15 years, respectively; participation rate, 84%; n = 10,626). An anonymous standardized questionnaire was distributed and completed by students in their classrooms. About every 8 in 10 bullied students reported weekly pain (79%), compared with little over half of nonbullied students (57%). The prevalence of pain was significantly higher among bullied students compared with their nonbullied peers. Being a bullying victim was associated with an increased frequency of experiencing headaches, stomachaches, and back pain, in addition to neck or shoulder pain. It is important for mental health nurses and health professionals to ask about pain when meeting with children and adolescents as well as to inquire about their peer relationships.
Advances in the Surgical Management of Ankle Fractures
Authors: Wright David J. , Bariteau Jason T. , Hsu Andrew R.
Published: November 2019

Ankle fractures are one of the most common injuries treated by orthopedic surgeons worldwide. However, operative indications, techniques, and reported outcomes following operative fixation vary widely in the literature. This evidence-based review focuses on recent advances in the operative management of ankle fractures including arthroscopic-assisted surgery, deltoid ligament complex repair, expanded indications for posterior malleolus fixation, fibula intramedullary nailing, and dynamic syndesmosis repair.

Level of Evidence:

Level V, expert opinion.
Finite element simulations of conventional and ultrasonically assisted turning processes with plane and textured cutting inserts
Authors: Sharma Varun , Pandey Pulak M. , Dixit Uday S. , Roy Anish , Silberschmidt Vadim V.
Published: November 2019

This paper investigates the performance of conventional turning and ultrasonically assisted turning (UAT) processes with plane and textured cutting inserts. Simulations based on the finite-element method were carried out using a software package ABAQUS/Explicit (Dassault Systemes, France). The obtained results were validated experimentally by employing a specially developed UAT setup. The purpose of the paper is to analyze cutting-force variation by the use of textured cutting inserts. Optimized dimensions of the texture pattern were used to model textured cutting inserts. The cutting-force variation in UAT was assessed with finite-element method, confirming diminishing cutting forces at a tool–workpiece interface during a noncontact time. The use of the textured cutting inserts in the UAT process resulted in the lowest cutting forces when compared to a plane tool in UAT as well as both plane and textured tools in the conventional turning process.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals flavonoid biosynthesis of Syringa oblata Lindl. in response to different light intensity
Authors: Liu Yan-Yan , Chen Xing-Ru , Wang Jin-Peng , Cui Wen-Qiang , Xing Xiao-Xu , Chen Xue-Ying , Ding Wen-Ya , God’spower Bello-Onaghise , Eliphaz Nsabimana , Sun Meng-Qing , Li Yan-Hua
Published: November 2019

Background

Hazy weather significantly increase air pollution and affect light intensity which may also affect medicinal plants growth.Syringa oblataLindl. (S. oblata), an effective anti-biofilm medicinal plants, is also vulnerable to changes in plant photoperiods and other abiotic stress responses. Rutin, one of the flavonoids, is the main bioactive ingredient inS. oblatathat inhibitsStreptococcus suisbiofilm formation. Thus, the present study aims to explore the biosynthesis and molecular basis of flavonoids inS. oblatain response to different light intensity.

Results

In this study, it was shown that compared with natural (Z0) and 25% ~ 35% (Z2) light intensities, the rutin content ofS. oblataunder 50% ~ 60% (Z1) light intensity increased significantly. In addition, an integrated analysis of metabolome and transcriptome was performed using light intensity stress conditions from two kinds of light intensities whichS. oblatawas subjected to: Z0and Z1. The results revealed that differential metabolites and genes were mainly related to the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. We found out that 13 putative structural genes and a transcription factorbHLHwere significantly up-regulated in Z1. Among them, integration analysis showed that 3 putative structural genes including4CL1,CYP73AandCYP75B1significantly up-regulated the rutin biosynthesis,suggesting that these putative genes may be involved in regulating the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, thereby making them key target genes in the whole metabolic process.

Conclusions

The present study provided helpful information to search for the novel putative genes that are potential targets forS. oblatain response to light intensity.
Prior cervical cytology and high-risk HPV testing results for 311 patients with invasive cervical adenocarcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study from China’s largest independent operator of pathology laboratories
Authors: Xie Fengxiang , Zhang Liran , Zhao Dongman , Wu Xuefen , Wei Mingsong , Zhang Xuelian , Wu Xiaohui , Fang Hao , Xu Xue , Yang Meng , Qi Debo
Published: November 2019

Background

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing is more sensitive than cytology for the detection of cervical cancer and its precursors. However, limited and inconsistent data are available about the efficacy of the combination of these two methods for screening cervical adenocarcinoma. This multicenter retrospective study investigated the screening results of a cohort of Chinese patients who were subsequently diagnosed with invasive cervical adenocarcinoma, with the goal of identifying the optimal cervical adenocarcinoma screening method.

Methods

We retrospectively retrieved and analyzed the data from patients with histologically confirmed primary invasive cervical adenocarcinoma from eight local pathology laboratories operated by KingMed Diagnostics, the largest independent operator of pathology laboratories in China, over a 2-year period. Only patients who underwent cytology and/or HR-HPV testing within 6 months before the adenocarcinoma diagnosis were included. HR-HPV DNA was detected using one of two HPV test kits: the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and an HPV genotyping panel (Yaneng Bio, Shenzhen, China).

Results

Of the 311 patients, 136 underwent cytology alone, 106 underwent HR-HPV testing alone, and 69 underwent cytology and HR-HPV co-testing. The sensitivities of cytology alone (64.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 55.9–72.0) and HR-HPV testing alone (66.0, 95% CI: 57.0–75.1) were similar (P = 0.738). The sensitivity of cytology and HR-HPV co-testing (87.0, 95% CI: 79.0–94.9) was significantly higher than that of either cytology (P = 0.001) or HR-HPV testing alone (P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Both cytology alone and HR-HPV testing alone showed poor screening efficiency, whereas the combination of the two clearly increased the efficiency of primary cervical adenocarcinoma screening. Thus, cytology and HR-HPV co-testing might be the most efficient cervical adenocarcinoma screening method.
Perioperative effects of caudal block on pediatric patients in laparoscopic upper urinary tract surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tao Bingdong , Liu Kun , Wang Dandan , Ding Mengmeng , Yang Ni , Zhao Ping
Published: November 2019

Background

While caudal block has been widely used during pediatric lower limbs and lower abdominal surgeries, few studies to date have evaluated the perioperative effects of caudal block on pediatric patients in laparoscopic upper urinary tract surgery.

Methods

Ninety-six pediatric patients, aged 6 months to 7 years, ASA grade I-II, scheduled to undergo laparoscopic upper urinary tract surgery, were randomized to a non-block group (no caudal block performed), an ROP1.0 group (patients received 1.0 mL/kg of 0.15% ropivacaine) and an ROP1.3 group (patients received 1.3 mL/kg of 0.15% ropivacaine). The primary outcome variable was perioperative fentanyl use. The secondary outcome variables were pain score, hemodynamic fluctuation, the number of patients needing rescue fentanyl and side effects.

Results

Caudal block with 1.3 mL/kg of 0.15% ropivacaine significantly decreased perioperative fentanyl usage (ROP 1.3 vs. non-caudal block, P < 0.01; ROP 1.3 vs. ROP 1.0, P < 0.05). Moreover, patients in the ROP1.3 group, compared to those without, displayed more stable hemodynamics, lower pain score in the PACU and 8 h after operation, less demand for rescue fentanyl, shorter time of PACU stay.

Conclusions

Caudal block with 1.3 mL/kg of 0.15% ropivacaine reduced perioperative fentanyl use during laparoscopic upper urinary tract surgery on pediatric patients and produced good postoperative analgesia when compared with no caudal block and caudal block with 1.0 mL/kg of 0.15% ropivacaine.

Trial registration

Clinical trial number: ChiCTR1800015549, chictr.org.cn.
Prevalence and risk factors for dyslipidemia among adults in rural and urban China: findings from the China National Stroke Screening and prevention project (CNSSPP)
Authors: Opoku Sampson , Gan Yong , Fu Wenning , Chen Dajie , Addo-Yobo Emmanuel , Trofimovitch Diana , Yue Wei , Yan Feng , Wang Zhihong , Lu Zuxun
Published: November 2019

Background

Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of dyslipidemia- raised total cholesterol (TC), raised triglycerides (TG), raised low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and raised non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL-C) in rural and urban China.

Methods

We analyzed data from 136,945 participants aged 40–100 years of the CNSSPP project for 2014. Dyslipidemia was defined by the NCEP-ATP III and the 2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults. Complete data on demographic, metabolic and lifestyle characteristics were used. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to obtain age- and sex-adjusted prevalence and risk factors for dyslipidemia among participants.

Results

A total of 53.1% participants lived in rural areas. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was similar among rural and urban participants (43.2% vs. 43.3%). Regarding the components of dyslipidemia: urban compared with rural participants had a higher prevalence of low HDL-C (20.8% vs. 19.2%), whereas the prevalence of raised LDL-C (7.8% vs. 8.3%), raised TC (10.9% vs.11.8%) and raised non-HDL-C (10.0% vs. 10.9%) were lower in urban residents, (all p < 0.001). Women were more likely to have raised TC than men (adjusted OR [AOR] =1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.75–1.91), raised LDL-C (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.47–1.63) and high non-HDL-C (AOR = 1.52 95% CI: 1.45–1.59) (all p < 0.001). Compared with rural, urban participants had higher odds of dyslipidemia: low HDL-C (AOR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07), and raised TG (AOR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04–1.09). Hypertension and current drinker were less likely to get low HDL-C with AOR 0.93 (95% CI: 0.90–0.96) and AOR 0.73 (95% CI: 0.70–75), respectively. Overweight, obesity, central obesity and diabetes had higher odds of all dyslipidemias (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Low HDL-C was higher in urban areas, whereas the remaining dyslipidemia types were more common in rural areas. Dyslipidemia was more common in women in both areas of residence. Overweight, obesity, central obesity and diabetes were associated with dyslipidemias. The need to intensify intervention programs to manage dyslipidemia and risk factors should be prioritized.