bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psoriasis-associated progressive necrotizing posterior scleritis: A 6-year follow-up
Authors: Amer Radgonde , Levinger Nadav
Published: January 2019

Purpose:

Posterior scleritis is the least frequent form of scleritis accounting for around 2%–8% of all scleritis cases. We aim to present the 6-year clinical course of a 62-year-old female patient with bilateral progressive necrotizing posterior scleritis who suffered from concurrent active psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Methods:

Descriptive case report.

Results:

A middle-aged female patient was referred to our clinic because of left eye peripheral progressively enlarging white retinochoroidal lesions. Her previous work-up ruled out infectious and malignant etiologies. A second diagnostic vitrectomy was performed because of the slowly progressive and the atypical nature of the sectoral retinochoroidal patches in the retinal periphery. Again malignancy was ruled out. With the onset of cystoid macular edema and diffuse retinal vasculitis, which occurred concurrently with the reactivation of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, treatment was initiated with systemic immunosuppressants which initially included oral steroids and methotrexate and at the last follow-up 6 years after the first presentation included also cyclosporin and golimumab. Vision was preserved with quiescent uveitis and posterior scleritis.

Conclusion:

Posterior scleritis is an uncommon condition and it is even rarer in the setting of psoriasis. The necrotizing inflammation observed in the present case and by others revealed sectoral progressive chorioretinitis as a clinical manifestation which may initially raise the suspicion of masquerade malignant and infectious etiologies. Detailed thorough history-taking remains the cornerstone in identifying the possible systemic associations even when occult or subclinical.
‘Synthetic Blood’: Entangling Politics and Biology
Authors: Kent Julie , Meacham Darian
Published: January 2019

It is increasingly suggested that shortages in the supply chain for human blood could be met by the development of techniques to manufacture human blood ex vivo. These techniques fall broadly under the umbrella of synthetic biology. We examine the biopolitical context surrounding the ex vivo culture of red blood cells through the linked concepts of alienation, immunity, bio-value and biosecuritization. We engage with diverse meanings of synthetic blood, and questions about how the discourses of biosecurity and privatization of risk are linked to claims that the technology will address unmet needs and promote social justice. Through our discussion we contrast communitarian ideas that culturing red blood cells ‘extends the gift’ of adult blood donation with understandings of the immunitary logics that underpin the cord-blood economy.
Aerodynamic interference between the cables of the suspension bridge hanger
Authors: Li Shouying , Xiao Chunyun , Wu Teng , Chen Zhengqing
Published: January 2019

The hangers of long-span suspension bridges are significantly prone to wind-induced vibrations due to their light mass, low frequency, and small structural damping. However, the underlying mechanism of the hanger vibration is not clearly clarified yet. To study the aerodynamic interference between the cables of the hanger, which is a possible mechanism for the hanger vibration, a series of wind tunnel tests were carried out to measure the mean aerodynamic drag and lift coefficients of a leeward cylinder. Then, the motion equations governing the vibration of leeward cable were derived based on the quasi-steady assumption. The numerical results show that large-amplitude vibrations of the leeward cable will occur in the region of 1 ≤ | Y| ≤ 3, where Y is a non-dimensional vertical coordinate normalized with the diameter of the cylinder. It appears that the stable trajectory of the leeward cable is ellipse, and trajectory is clockwise above the center line of the wake, whereas anti-clockwise below the center line of the wake. An important finding is that the frequency of the stable vibration of the leeward cable is slightly smaller than its natural frequency, which implies that a negative aerodynamic stiffness might arise. The time histories of the aerodynamic stiffness and damping forces on the leeward cable were identified from the numerical results. It seems that there is always a positive work done within a period by the aerodynamic stiffness force, whereas a negative work by the aerodynamic damping force. The response characteristics of the leeward cable of the hanger of suspension bridge obtained in this study are identical with those of the wake-induced flutter widely discussed for the power transmission line. This implies that wake-induced flutter theory could well illustrate the underlying mechanism of the aerodynamic interference effects on the hangers of a suspension bridge.
Effect of MWCNTs addition, on the mechanical behaviour of FRP composites, by reinforcement grafting and matrix modification
Authors: Shahbaz Shah R , Berkalp Ömer B
Published: January 2019

Carbon nanotubes have extraordinary potential for the modification of reinforcements and matrices in fiber-reinforced polymer composites for enhanced mechanical properties. In this study, 12 fiber-reinforced polymer composites were produced with and without the addition of functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes using different stacking sequences of E-glass and carbon fabric reinforcements in simple and hybrid configurations. Carbon nanotubes were incorporated into the fiber-reinforced polymer components prior to composite fabrication by: (i) grafting on reinforcements, and (ii) matrix modification by carbon nanotubes. The grafting of carbon nanotubes exhibited a pronounced tensile behaviour with carbon-rich fiber-reinforced polymers, whereas carbon nanotube-modified matrix showed more enhanced flexural behaviour overall. Around 12% increase in tensile strength was observed when the carbon nanotubes were grafted on to the reinforcements compared to respective pristine composites, while around 70% increase in the flexural strength was noticed as compared to the respective pristine composties when carbon nanotube-modified matrix was used.
Dynamic changes in CGRP, PACAP, and PACAP receptors in the trigeminovascular system of a novel repetitive electrical stimulation rat model: Relevant to migraine
Authors: Zhang Qing , Han Xun , Wu Hangfei , Zhang Mingjie , Hu Guanqun , Dong Zhao , Yu Shengyuan
Published: January 2019

Migraine is the seventh most disabling disorder globally, with prevalence of 11.7% worldwide. One of the prevailing mechanisms is the activation of the trigeminovascular system, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an important therapeutic target for migraine in this system. Recent studies suggested an emerging role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) in migraine. However, the relation between CGRP and PACAP and the role of PACAP in migraine remain undefined. In this study, we established a novel repetitive (one, three, and seven days) electrical stimulation model by stimulating dura mater in conscious rats. Then, we determined expression patterns in the trigeminal ganglion and the trigeminal nucleus caudalis of the trigeminovascular system. Electrical stimulation decreased facial mechanical thresholds, and the order of sensitivity was as follows: vibrissal pad >inner canthus >outer canthus (P < 0.001). The electrical stimulation group exhibited head-turning and head-flicks (P < 0.05) nociceptive behaviors. Importantly, electrical stimulation increased the expressions of CGRP, PACAP, and the PACAP-preferring type 1 (PAC1) receptor in both trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (P < 0.05). The expressions of two vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-shared type 2 (VPAC1 and VPAC2) receptors were increased in the trigeminal ganglion, whereas in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, their increases were peaked on Day 3 and then decreased by Day 7. PACAP was colocalized with NEUronal Nuclei (NeuN), PAC1, and CGRP in both trigeminal ganglion and the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Our results demonstrate that the repetitive electrical stimulation model can simulate the allodynia during the migraine chronification, and PACAP plays a role in the pathogenesis of migraine potentially via PAC1 receptor.
Contemporary issues in law and ethics: Exploring the family veto for organ donation
Authors: Cay Debbie
Published: January 2019

This article explores current issues surrounding the impact of family veto for organ donation in the UK. A critical, reflective analysis of the theoretical, legal and ethical aspects aims to evaluate how the deceased’s explicit wish to donate may be revoked. Under current UK legislation and upon death, money and property are protected; however, the body is not. When investigating personal wishes, interests and decisions must be weighed against the moral legitimacy of the family veto.
Do “Dark” Personality Features Buffer Against Adversity? The Associations Between Cumulative Life Stress, the Dark Triad, and Mental Distress
Authors: Lyons Minna , Evans Kate , Helle Samuli
Published: January 2019

Stressful life events have a major impact on adverse mental health outcomes, although not all individuals are equally affected. According to the buffering hypothesis, there may be personality traits that protect individuals against mental distress in the face of adversity, playing thus a moderating role between life stressors and mental distress. In the present online study ( N = 574), Dark Triad of personality (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) were investigated as moderators between cumulative stressful life events and mental distress (i.e., psychosis, anxiety, and depression). Those who experienced more stressful events during lifetime, and scored higher in Machiavellianism, had higher scores on a psychosis instrument. Narcissism buffered the impact of stressful events on psychosis and depression. The results are discussed in terms of unique profiles associated with each of the traits.
High-Intensity Resistance Training Does Not Produce Immediate Ultrasonographic Changes in Muscle Tendons
Authors: Thygesen Mathias Møller , Jordt Ida , Kristensen Malene Svane , Fisker Filip Yang , Kildegaard Sofie , Pfeiffer-Jensen Mogens
Published: January 2019

Background:

Chronic overload injuries to tendons can be visualized using ultrasonography, with characteristics such as tendon thickening and darkening.

Purpose:

To investigate whether these characteristics are evident in the patellar and Achilles tendons immediately after 1 session of high-intensity resistance training.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 18 volunteers were randomized to an experimental group (n = 10) and a sham group (n = 8). The experimental group performed 5 circuits at maximum effort consisting of 5 weighted front squats, 10 box jumps (60/50 cm), and 15 double-under jump-rope jumps. The sham group performed a similar circuit consisting of 5 weighted shoulder presses, 10 push-ups, and 15 weighted biceps curls. Ultrasonograms were obtained before and after exercise, for a total of 30 minutes at intervals of 2.5 minutes for the first 10 minutes and 5 minutes for the remaining time. Tendon thickness and tendon matrix signals were measured. Statistics were performed using repeated-measures mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results:

Tendon thickness did not increase significantly over 30 minutes after both circuits. The mean grayscale value for the patellar and Achilles tendons increased for both the experimental and the sham groups. ANOVA showed that the experimental group was not a significant explanatory variable; however, the increased work of both groups was. A post hoc analysis found that the maximum increase in the tendon signal was a grayscale value of 10.8 for the patellar tendon (99.4% CI, 3.7-17.9; P = .002).

Conclusion:

This trial failed to reproduce an earlier study in which tendon thickness increased after high-intensity training. The tendons produced a hyperechoic signal after high-intensity resistance training, regardless of loading to the tendon. Chronic overload characteristics on ultrasonography were not evident immediately after acute loading of tendons.

Clinical Relevance:

There is a need for prognostic and diagnostic markers of tendinopathy especially because of the protracted course of subclinical development of an injury. This study assessed whether clinical findings for a chronic overload injury can be detected during acute overloading.
Incidence and prevalence of systemic sclerosis in Valcamonica, Italy, during an 18-year period
Authors: Airò Paolo , Regola Francesca , Lazzaroni Maria-Grazia , Tincani Angela , Inverardi Flora , Fenini Maria Giulia , Ferrè Francesco , Furloni Roberto , Scarsi Mirko
Published: January 2019

Objectives:

To investigate the epidemiology of systemic sclerosis in Valcamonica, an Italian Alpine valley, during an 18-year-long period.

Methods:

Patients with systemic sclerosis living in Valcamonica between 1999 and 2016 were identified by capture/recapture method using: (1) clinical databases of the only secondary Rheumatology Unit present in the valley and of the tertiary referral center for this area; (2) administrative data, extracting records with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, code for systemic sclerosis. Patients were included in the analysis when either the 1980 American Rheumatism Association classification criteria for systemic sclerosis or the 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria were satisfied. To study temporal changes, mean yearly incidence during three different 6-year interval was calculated. Prevalence rates were estimated at four different time points.

Results:

General population with age over 14 years living in Valcamonica varied during the evaluated period between 85,168 and 91,245 inhabitants. A total of 65 patients with systemic sclerosis were identified (female 84.6%, limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis: 84.6%; anticentromere: 64.6%). Systemic sclerosis incidence and prevalence increased during the study period (p = 0.029 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The increase of incidence was accounted for by cases satisfying only the 2013 criteria, with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, and with anticentromere, whereas the incidence of systemic sclerosis cases classified according to the 1980 criteria did not significantly increase. The prevalence at 31 December 2016 was 58.6 (95% confidence interval, 44.8–76.6) per 100,000 persons aged >14 years. Survival at 10 years after systemic sclerosis diagnosis was 83.0% (standard error, 5.6).

Conclusion:

Systemic sclerosis incidence and prevalence increased over time in this area, due to the increased recruitment of patients with milder forms of the disease.
Carbon-binding biomass or a diversity of useful trees? (Counter)topographies of carbon forestry in Uganda
Authors: Fischer Klara , Giertta Filippa , Hajdu Flora
Published: January 2019

Tree plantations in low-income countries are emerging as central tools for global climate change mitigation. However, there is growing evidence that focusing on the carbon-binding aspect of trees in such forests often oversimplifies political ecologies and constrains local livelihoods. One reason is a strong reliance on land use maps, leading to monodimensional and disconnected views of landscapes. This study examines one such climate forest, Kachung plantation in Uganda, run by the company Green Resources on land leased from the Ugandan state through its National Forest Authority. The carbon emission reductions are purchased by the Swedish Energy Agency. Drawing on the Katz conceptualisation of countertopographies, we present a ‘situated topography’ of Kachung based on the experiences of local women. In contrast to the ‘distant topography’ produced by the actors investing in the project, it reveals a dynamic landscape where women know and use a diversity of local trees and have well-established strategies for regeneration. However, their access to useful trees and farmland is constrained by the plantation, resulting in increased livelihood struggles. In line with Katz, we suggest that producing similar situated topographies for other climate forests can help create strong countertopographies, displaying more diverse, connected and dynamic uses of landscapes than seen from a distance.
Geochemistry of pink corundum-bearing feldspathic gneiss, Frenchvale quarry, Cape Breton Island, Canada: metamorphism of albitised, Fe-poor clastic rocks
Authors: Owen J. Victor , Hanley Jacob J. , Kerr Mitchell J. , Stimson Matthew , Boucher Brandon
Published: January 2019

Frenchvale quarry, once mined for dolomitic marble, contains pink corundum-bearing, quartz-free/-poor, feldspathic gneiss that is unusually sodic (~7% wt.% Na2O) and iron-poor (~0.6 wt.% Fe2O3), but has silica, alumina and immobile trace-element contents resembling those of suspended fluvial particulate matter (e.g. in the Congo River). The protolith of the gneiss, interpreted as a fine-grained clastic sediment deposited offshore, evidently was albitised prior to deformation and regional metamorphism. Variably-altered gneiss samples show a narrow range of δ18OVSMOW values (8.1 to 10.7‰) and no systematic differences in bulk O isotope composition as a function of alteration intensity. With the exception of an extensively fuchsitised zone adjacent to a thick (1.2 m), cross-cutting quartz vein that contains H2O–NaCl+CO2+CH4-bearing fluid inclusions, the O isotope data do not support interaction of the gneiss with an externally-derived fluid phase except at low fluid:rock ratio, even where granodiorite occurs in direct contact with the gneiss. Fluid inclusions in the quartz vein have bulk $X_{{\rm H}_2{\rm O}}$, $X_{{\rm C}{\rm O}_{\rm 2}}$ and $X_{{\rm C}{\rm H}_{\rm 4}}$ values (in mol.%) of 99.60, 0.14 and 0.26, respectively, as determined by gas chromatography. Although the protolith of the gneiss was associated with carbonate platformal rocks (now marble), corundum is confined to the feldspathic rocks. These feldspathic rocks lack calc-silicate minerals; they are not skarns. As such, they are distinct from well-known Himalayan sapphire and ruby deposits cited previously as analogues of the Frenchvale corundum occurrence.
epiCaPture: A Urine DNA Methylation Test for Early Detection of Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Authors: O’Reilly Eve , Tuzova Alexandra V. , Walsh Anna L. , Russell Niamh M. , O’Brien Odharnaith , Kelly Sarah , Dhomhnallain Odharna Ni , DeBarra Liam , Dale Connie M. , Brugman Rick , Clarke Gavin , Schmidt Olivia , O’Meachair Shane , Patil Dattatraya , Pellegrini Kathryn L. , Fleshner Neil , Garcia Julia , Zhao Fang , Finn Stephen , Mills Robert , Hanna Marcelino Y. , Hurst Rachel , McEvoy Elizabeth , Gallagher William M. , Manecksha Rustom P. , Cooper Colin S. , Brewer Daniel S. , Bapat Bharati , Sanda Martin G. , Clark Jeremy , Perry Antoinette S.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Liquid biopsies that noninvasively detect molecular correlates of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) could be used to triage patients, reducing the burdens of unnecessary invasive prostate biopsy and enabling early detection of high-risk disease. DNA hypermethylation is among the earliest and most frequent aberrations in PCa. We investigated the accuracy of a six-gene DNA methylation panel (Epigenetic Cancer of the Prostate Test in Urine [epiCaPture]) at detecting PCa, high-grade (Gleason score greater than or equal to 8) and high-risk (D’Amico and Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment] PCa from urine.

Patients and Methods

Prognostic utility of epiCaPture genes was first validated in two independent prostate tissue cohorts. epiCaPture was assessed in a multicenter prospective study of 463 men undergoing prostate biopsy. epiCaPture was performed by quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in DNA isolated from prebiopsy urine sediments and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic and decision curves (clinical benefit). The epiCaPture score was developed and validated on a two thirds training set to one third test set.

Results

Higher methylation of epiCaPture genes was significantly associated with increasing aggressiveness in PCa tissues. In urine, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.64, 0.86, and 0.83 for detecting PCa, high-grade PCa, and high-risk PCa, respectively. Decision curves revealed a net benefit across relevant threshold probabilities. Independent analysis of two epiCaPture genes in the same clinical cohort provided analytical validation. Parallel epiCaPture analysis in urine and matched biopsy cores showed added value of a liquid biopsy.

Conclusion

epiCaPture is a urine DNA methylation test for high-risk PCa. Its tumor specificity out-performs that of prostate-specific antigen (greater than 3 ng/mL). Used as an adjunct to prostate-specific antigen, epiCaPture could aid patient stratification to determine need for biopsy.
Liver-specific insulin receptor isoform A expression enhances hepatic glucose uptake and ameliorates liver steatosis in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity
Authors: Lopez-Pastor A. R. , Gomez-Hernandez A. , Diaz-Castroverde S. , Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G. , Gonzalez-Rodriguez A. , Garcia G. , Fernandez S. , Escribano O. , Benito M.
Published: January 2019

One of the main complications associated to obesity is insulin resistance and an altered glucose and lipid metabolism within the liver. It has been previously described that insulin receptor isoform A (IRA) favors glucose uptake and glycogen storage in hepatocytes as compared to isoform B (IRB) improving glucose homeostasis in mice lacking liver insulin receptor. Thus, we hypothesized that IRA could also improve glucose and lipid metabolism in a mouse model of high fat diet-induced obesity. We addressed the role of insulin receptor isoforms on glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo. We expressed IRA or IRB specifically in the liver by using adeno-associated viruses (AAV) in a mouse model of diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity. IRA expression, but not IRB, induced an increased glucose uptake in the liver and muscle improving insulin tolerance. Regarding lipid metabolism, we found that AAV-mediated IRA expression also ameliorated hepatic steatosis by decreasing the expression of Fasn, Pgc1a, Acaca and Dgat2 and increasing Scd-1. Taking together, our results further unravel the role of insulin receptor isoforms in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in an insulin-resistant scenario. Our data strongly suggest that IRA is more efficient than IRB favoring hepatic glucose uptake, improving insulin tolerance and ameliorating hepatic steatosis. Therefore, we conclude that a gene therapy approach for hepatic IRA expression could be a safe and promising tool for the regulation of hepatic glucose consumption and lipid metabolism, two key processes in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated to obesity.
Targeted deletion of fibrillin-1 in the mouse eye results in ectopia lentis and other ocular phenotypes associated with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Jones Wendell , Rodriguez Juan , Bassnett Steven
Published: January 2019

Fibrillin is an evolutionarily ancient protein that lends elasticity and resiliency to a variety of tissues. In humans, mutations in fibrillin-1 cause Marfan and related syndromes, conditions in which the eye is often severely affected. To gain insights into the ocular sequelae of Marfan syndrome, we targeted Fbn1 in mouse lens or non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (NPCE). Conditional knockout of Fbn1 in NPCE, but not lens, profoundly affected the ciliary zonule, the system of fibrillin-rich fibers that centers the lens in the eye. The tensile strength of the fibrillin-depleted zonule was reduced substantially, due to a shift toward production of smaller caliber fibers. By 3 months, zonular fibers invariably ruptured and mice developed ectopia lentis, a hallmark of Marfan syndrome. At later stages, untethered lenses lost their polarity and developed cataracts, and the length and volume of mutant eyes increased. This model thus captures key aspects of Marfan-related syndromes, providing insights into the role of fibrillin-1 in eye development and disease.
Aerosol delivery of dry powder synthetic lung surfactant to surfactant-deficient rabbits and preterm lambs on non-invasive respiratory support
Authors: Walther Frans J. , Gupta Monik , Lipp Michael M. , Chan Holly , Krzewick John , Gordon Larry M. , Waring Alan J.
Published: January 2019

Background: The development of synthetic lung surfactant for preterm infants has focused on peptide analogues of native surfactant proteins B and C (SP-B and SP-C). Non-invasive respiratory support with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) may benefit from synthetic surfactant for aerosol delivery.

Methods: A total of three dry powder (DP) surfactants, consisting of phospholipids and the SP-B analogue Super Mini-B (SMB), and one negative control DP surfactant without SMB, were produced with the Acorda Therapeutics ARCUS® Pulmonary Dry Powder Technology. Structure of the DP surfactants was compared with FTIR spectroscopy, in vitro surface activity with captive bubble surfactometry, and in vivo activity in surfactant-deficient adult rabbits and preterm lambs. In the animal experiments, intratracheal (IT) aerosol delivery was compared with surfactant aerosolization during nCPAP support. Surfactant dosage was 100 mg/kg of lipids and aerosolization was performed using a low flow inhaler.

Results: FTIR spectra of the three DP surfactants each showed secondary structures compatible with peptide folding as an α-helix hairpin, similar to that previously noted for surface-active SMB in other lipids. The DP surfactants with SMB demonstrated in vitro surface activity <1 mN/m. Oxygenation and lung function increased quickly after IT aerosolization of DP surfactant in both surfactant-deficient rabbits and preterm lambs, similar to improvements seen with clinical surfactant. The response to nCPAP aerosol delivery of DP surfactant was about 50% of IT aerosol delivery, but could be boosted with a second dose in the preterm lambs.

Conclusions: Aerosol delivery of active DP synthetic surfactant during non-invasive respiratory support with nCPAP significantly improved oxygenation and lung function in surfactant-deficient animals and this response could be enhanced by giving a second dose. Aerosol delivery of DP synthetic lung surfactant has potential for clinical applications.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN CREATING INNOVATIVE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Нагорная Лариса , Nagornaya Larisa
Published: January 2019

The article considers the current legal mechanisms for managing intellectual property of educational organizations. Special attention is paid to the issues of legal protection of the results of intellectual activity in educational organizations and humanities, as well as implementation of the intellectual activity results (IPRs) in educational, scientific and commercial spheres. The author considers ways to improve the effectiveness of mechanisms for managing intellectual property and innovation
Legal doctrine as a source (form) of Russian law
Authors: Чашин Александр , Chashin Aleksandr
Published: January 2019

The monograph contains a holistic presentation of the problems associated with the domestic legal doctrine when it is considered as a source (form) of law.
The author solves a number of theoretical and applied problems relevant to academic jurisprudence.
Application of functional analysis has allowed the author to conclusively prove the capacity of legal doctrine to fulfill the role of full-fledged source (form) rights in the legal sphere of the States – participants of the CIS.
Having considered the philosophical foundations of the form and content of law, the author defines the forms of legal doctrine. At the same time, an attempt is made to introduce the term "hypostasis of legal doctrine"into scientific circulation.
Part of the monograph is devoted to the development of proposals on the rules of subsidiary use of legal doctrine by the courts in the silence of the law, as well as the precedent in the silence of the doctrine.
As an application, the monograph is provided with a draft Federal law"on The legal doctrine of the Russian Federation".
The incidence of eating disorders among upper secondary school female students
Authors: Kotwas Artur , Karakiewicz-Krawczyk Katarzyna , Zabielska Paulina , Jurczak Anna , Bażydło Marta , Karakiewicz Beata
Published: January 2019

Cel pracy

Badania nad rozpowszechnieniem występowania zaburzeń odżywiania nie były często podejmowane w ostatnich latach ani w Polsce, ani w skali świata. Trudno również oszacować rozpowszechnienie tych zaburzeń. Celem pracy była ocena rozpowszechnienia występowania zaburzeń odżywania w grupie polskich uczennic szkół ponadgminazjalnych z uwzględnieniem typu szkoły oraz warunków mieszkaniowych

Metoda

Badania zaburzeń odżywiania przeprowadzono w okresie 03 – 06 2017 r., wśród uczennic szczecińskich szkół ponadgimnazjalnych. Dobór do badania miał charakter wieloetapowy. Do procesu analitycznego włączono 1750 kwestionariuszy. W procesie badawczym wykorzystano narzędzie służące do przesiewowych badań nad wystąpieniem zaburzeń odżywiania - kwestionariusz Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26).

Wyniki

Obserwowano niższą punktację wśród uczniów starszych klas (EAT 26, EAT dieting) a także tych, którzy nie otrzymywali kieszonkowego (EAT dieting, EAT bulimia) (p<0,05).

Wnioski

1. Wiek okazał się ważnym czynnikiem prognostycznym dla zaburzeń odżywiania. Ryzyko malało wraz z narastaniem wieku u badanych dziewcząt
2. Szanse na wystąpienie zaburzeń odżywiania były niemal 21-krotnie wyższe wśród dziewcząt uczęszczających do klas 1 i 2
Ubiquidade e mobilidade: percepções sobre a ubiquidade das conexões através da internet das coisas
Authors: Henriques Sandra Mara Garcia , Gross Furini Liana
Published: January 2019

Proporcionada a partir de las nuevas tecnologías digitales, la movilidad tecnológica cambia la relación entre las personas, los espacios y los objetos, ampliando la circulación de información entre ellos a través de los dispositivos móviles, volviendo los espacios inteligentes a través de la creación y distribución de contenido sin barreras geográficas. Ese escenario retrata una ubicuidad de las conexiones, y es la conexión la que posibilita la autonomía del individuo en cuanto productor y distribuidor de contenido. Este trabajo busca trazar el contexto de la ubicuidad de las conexiones como factor fundamental en el desarrollo del internet de las cosas y del concepto de little data por medio de la observación del aplicativo móvil Waze para demostrar la influencia de la ubicuidad de las conexiones en el cotidiano, concepto que se expande en función del aumento del número de dispositivos infocomunicacionales en el día a día de los individuos.
Proposta de classificação para as fases de desenvolvimento do jornalismo móvel
Authors: Empinotti Marina Lisboa
Published: January 2019

Este artículo recupera, a través del método de revisión bibliográfica, el recorrido histórico del periodismo móvil, entendido aquí como aquel producido para consumo en dispositivos móviles como tablets y smartphones, y propone una clasificación en fases para el campo, basada en trabajos anteriores de Salaverría y Sancho (2007), Aguado y Castellet (2013), y Pellanda et al. (2017). La clasificación de las fases del periodismo móvil inicia con la construcción de una línea de tiempo que indica los principales avances registrados durante las dos décadas (1990-actual) consideradas para el análisis, culmina con la organización de los eventos en cuatro fases, con períodos, servicios, plataformas y tipos de comunicación delineados, aunque no excluyentes: formatos primitivos, fase preapp (o de experimentación), economía de las apps (o de homogeneización/estancamiento) y renovación. Un cuadro de características complementarias finaliza la división histórica propuesta, al destacar inputs (parámetros de entrada de información en el sistema, que comienzan siendo textuales, evolucionan para visual y sonoro, llegando a multimedia, hasta el momento en que el cuerpo humano proporciona datos para el aparato) y outputs (los datos de salida del sistema, que comienzan siendo mostrados en las pantallas simples, pasando para las pantallas táctiles y se encaminan para la disponibilidad en interfaces tangibles) de cada una.
Teaching Social History through Locative Media: A Case Study in Austin, Texas
Authors: Silva Cláudia , Palmer Lucia , Nisi Valentina , Straubhaar Joseph
Published: January 2019

Este trabajo explora la combinación del aprendizaje formal e informal junto con los principios de los medios locativos; hemos observado el potencial de este tipo específico de medios para reforzar y expandir los objetivos de aprendizaje fuera del tiempo de clase, dotando a los estudiantes de actitudes de aprendizaje permanente. Presentamos los hallazgos y las observaciones sobre cómo una clase de estudiantes de licenciatura utilizó medios locativos por primera vez para aprender acerca de los efectos de la segregación espacial en un área específica desatendida de Austin, Texas (ee. uu.). Pedimos a los estudiantes que visitasen varios lugares y que produjesen historias multimedia centradas en la historia local. Los resultados del estudio muestran que el uso de medios locativos es altamente eficiente para fines de aprendizaje. Los estudiantes pueden experimentar el contenido aprendido en la clase en un entorno físico, lo que fomenta el ‘aprendizaje situado’, una teoría que utilizamos como marco teórico. Nuestros hallazgos también sugieren que, en lugar de la historia local o la historia en general, los problemas actuales de la sociedad, con un fuerte componente espacial, son más eficaces para involucrar a los estudiantes en la tarea fuera del aula. Por lo tanto, la segregación y la gentrificación se revelaron en este estudio como temas útiles para ser explorados y enseñados a través de los principios de los medios locativos.
Convergência midiá- tica e cultura participativa: a possibilidade de novas relações entre os agentes sociais no campo da comunicação e as novas tecnologias
Authors: Camargo Aline Cristina , Miranda Giovani Vieira , Magnoni Antonio Francisco
Published: January 2019

Este artículo analiza las ediciones colaborativas de dos portales de internet, G1 y A Tarde/uol, con el objetivo de identificar el cambio en la posición de los agentes sociales en el campo de la comunicación con el advenimiento de las nuevas tecnologías y en el contexto del uso de los dispositivos móviles. Para realizar los análisis, se partió de los conceptos de Castells (1996), Jenkins (2009) y Bourdieu (2004, 2008), y se aplicó la metodología de análisis de contenido (ac), utilizando los métodos cualitativos de análisis del corpus. Los resultados muestran que existe un cambio en la posición de los agentes sociales en el campo de la comunicación, de consumidores a productores, de pasivos a activos, de aislados a conectados.
Sharps injuries among nurses and midwives in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Zhu Shijun , Liu Wen , Amoroso Anthony , Blanshan Sue , Guberski Thomasine , Iwu Emilia , Kiama Beatrice , Lipscomb Jane , Maimbolwa Margaret , Maro Peter , Mwakyus Sekela , Omoni Grace , Smith Nathaniel , Smith Barbara
Published: January 2019

Background:

The prevalence of blood-borne pathogens, including HIV and hepatitis B and C, remains high in sub-Saharan Africa. Nurses and midwives are therefore at high risk for occupational transmission.

Aims:

To examine the prevalence of sharps injuries and other work-related risks among nurses and midwives.

Methods:

Nurses and midwives (n=712) in sub-Saharan Africa completed an anonymous questionnaire. Generalised estimating questions were used to analyse the data.

Findings:

Nurses and midwives who made home visits, engaged in direct care, were called in to work ‘off-hours’, and performed needle-related tasks ≥15 times/day were more likely to have sharps injuries (all P<0.05). Among those injured, only 64.2% reported their injuries appropriately. Among those who reported, only 61.5% were tested for HIV or hepatitis B and C, and only 28.2% received HIV post-exposure prophylaxis.

Conclusions:

Future efforts should focus on optimising work schedules, reducing unnecessary needle-related tasks, introducing safety engineered needles and improving post-exposure prophylaxis.
Multiple comparisons: Avoiding false positives and negatives
Authors: Campbell Malcolm
Published: January 2019

How can you avoid type I and type II errors when representing your data? Malcolm Campbell explains the tests on offer to compare variables and correctly identify relationships of significance
What is canker?
Authors: Rainger Clive Meers
Published: January 2019

Clive Meers Rainger RSS BII outlines an easily overlooked but complex condition
Communication skills during winter pressures
Authors: Sanyang Saikou
Published: January 2019

There is a universal acceptance that effective communication in the healthcare workplace is one of the most significant – if not the most significant – factor when trying to achieve integrated, outcome-based care, says Saikou Sanyang
Cleaning up unseen practice costs
Authors: Nurding Steve
Published: January 2019

Steve Nurdin explains how an excellent hygiene strategy can help practice managers comply with legal requirements, protect staff and patients' health and safety and keep costs to a minimum
Best financial practice for the new year
Authors: Haw Colin
Published: January 2019

Specialist medical accountant Colin Haw suggests some new year's resolutions for practice managers looking to run a well-managed and financially aware GP practice in 2019
Partners falling out: Will a deed help?
Authors: Cumberlege Justin
Published: January 2019

Justin Cumberlege, a partner in the healthcare team of law firm Cripps, incorporating Pemberton Greenish, specialises in advising GPs. Here he explains the need to protect yourself from the risk of a partnership going wrong
The Effect Of Aloe Vera On Healing Process Of Incision Wound
Authors: Mahandaru Danu , Dachlan Ishandono
Published: January 2019

Considering the advantages of wound treatment in moist-state, many practitioners always keep the wound in the moist condition. One of the alternatives is by using aloe vera. It has moisturizing effect, anti inflammatory and can stimulate growth factor and fibroblast. In this study, the authors aim to compare the effect of the wound dressing with the dry gauze, moist gauze and aloe vera toward the tensile strength. Thirty Rattus Novergicus were divided into two experimental groups and 1 control group. We performed full thickness skin incision on the back of the rats, and then we sutured and nursed them by using moist gauze and Aloe Vera while the dry gauze group treated as the control. On the 10th day, we decapitated the rats and we took the trace of incisional skin for the tensile strength test. At last, the samples were measured by Zwick universal tensile strength testing machine. This research show that the group treated by dry gauze had tensile strength (35 ± 7 N/cm2) , with moist gauze (41 ± 7 N/cm2), and with Aloe Vera (68 ±17 N/cm2). There was a significant difference between the three groups regarding the tensile strength (p<0.001). Treatment of wound by using Aloe Vera is proven to be more effective than the dry gauze and moist gauze to increase the tensile strength.
Early Burn Resuscitation Done By Referring Facilities And Burn Patient’s Survival: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wardhana Aditya , Handini Nurliati Sari
Published: January 2019

An acute burn wound is a complex injury, which ideally needs to be handled in a special burn unit. Problems arise when a burn patient come to a facility with no burn unit available. The patient needs to be referred and transferred to the nearest burn unit. The adequacy of burn resuscitation done by the referring facility during the transfer process is important to the patient’s survival. To evaluate this matter, a review of mortality during one-year interval of 2010 is being done in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital’s burn unit. We are conducting a retrospective review of all 143 patients with acute burn injuries admitted in 2010 to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital’s burn unit, analyzed with bivariate analysis using SPSS. Out of the 143 patients being evaluated, we predict there is a significant level of burn resuscitation inadequacy done by the referring facility which influences the patient’s survival. Survival rates can be improved by providing adequate burn resuscitation during transfer process to the nearest burn unit. It is recommended that efforts on updating the knowledge and awareness of treating burn injury patients is given to nurses and physicians in referring facilities.
Clinical Applications of Micro-Skin Grafting For Skin Defect Coverage
Authors: Wardhana Aditya , Samiadji Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Microskin graft is a technique of skin defect closure using a minimum of STSG donors to cover the large defect. Some considerations were taken, which includes the general status of the patient, donor area morbidity, and patient refusal to act is one of the reasons for the use microskin graft. History STSG failure with previous defect closure and lack of donor area would to bene!t from microskin graft. Case of boy 12 years old with extensive defects in the forearm due to burns. Consideration of the lack of donor area made us deciding to use microskin graft as main option to close the defect. We did one-week post operative evaluation. Epithelialization occurs at day 7, while complete epithelialization occurred at 14th day. Three month during follow-up control, the scar are minimal. We conclude that microskin graft is one technic that can be used in skin defect closure with minimal donor.
Mid-arm and Chest Circumferences for Estimating Low Birthweight
Authors: Surjono Achmad
Published: January 2019

A prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic performance of mid-arm and chest circumferences on low birth weights in 1033 singleton newborn infants. The proportion of low birth weight was 11.7%. Strong correlations on birth weight (P<0.001) were found for mid-arm (r-0.85) and chest (r=0.86) circumferences. A mid-arm circumference of ≤9,5 cm was considered as cut-off level for low birth weight, with a sensitivity of 0.818, specificity 0.956 and positive predictive value 0. 712. Whereas that of chest circumference wa ≤29.5 cm with a sensitivity of 0. 785, specificity 0.895 and positive predictive value 0.497. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare their diagnostic accuracy. The area under these two ROC(± SE) were 0.954 ± 0.011 for mid-arm and 0.945 ± 0.012 for chest circumferences, respectively. Both areas showed significant differences with the area under chance line. No statistically significant difference was found between the area under ROC of mid-arm and chest circumferences.

The results showed that mid-arm and chest circumferences as simple and reliable measurements can be used in estimating low birth weight, in areas where the accurate weighing of newborn infants is not feasible.
The Spectrum of seven preventable Diseases at the Pediatric ward of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan
Authors: Razif T. , Lubis Yahya G. , El-Fuad T. Murad , Pasaribu Syahril , Lubis Chairuddin P.
Published: January 2019

A retrospective study on seven preventab!e diseasee was done in 1989. We found 137 (7.1%) cases of all admissions; they were distribued into 12 neonatal tetanus (8.8%), 57 tetanus (4 1.6%), 17 measles (72.1%), 15 diphtheria (10.9%), 35 pulmonary tuberculosis (25.6%), and 7 poliomyelitis (0. 7%). There was no admittance of pertussis; 62% of those cases consisted of under five-year-old children.

None of those patients had had measles immunization, and their mothers had not had tetanus toxoid immunization when they were pregnant.

The mortality were as follows: neonatal tetanus 4 (33.3%), tetanus 3 (5.3%), measles 1 (5.9%), pulmonary tuberculosis 9 (25.7%) and diphtheria 7 (46.7%).
Evaluation of Mortality of Patients with Neonatal Tetanus
Authors: Soetomenggolo Taslim S. , Pusponegoro Hardiono D. , Passat Jimmy , Ismael Sofyan
Published: January 2019

During 8 years, 405 patients of neonatal tetanus were hospitalized in the Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Diagnosis of neonatal tetanus was based on clinical signs and symptoms. Of the 405 patients, 56.3% were males and 43.7 %. were females. Two hundreds and sixty nine (66.3 %) patients were delivered by traditional birth attendants, and only 33.6% were delivered by midwives or physicians. The overall mortality was 54.4%, with the corrected mortality of 46.7%. Severity of the disease, short incubation period, short period of onset, and the accompanying diseases were responsible for the high mortality of patients with neonatal tetanus.
Parents' Knowledge on Diarrhea in a Plantation Area
Authors: Arizal Arizal , Antoni Ali , Harahap Sari Leyli , Sinuhaji Atan Baas , Sutanto A. H.
Published: January 2019

The parents' knowledge on diarrhea was evaluated by a cross sectional study in Balirnbingan plantation PTP Vlll Kabupaten Simalungunon December 18-19, 1992. The study was conducted by providing questionnaires to 216 parents of infants and children with diarrhea. Most parents (97.2%) knew that diarrhea was a disease, wbile six of them (2.SOA>) thought that diarrhea was not a disease but was associated with the increase level of intelligence or teeth eruption. Seventy-five percent of parents thought that fluid and electrolyte ought to be given to children with diarrhea, and 16.5 % thought to give anti-diarrheal drugs or traditional medicaments. Fluid and electrolytes were given as an initial treatment for diarrhea by most of the parents (69%). Eight per cent of parents gave diarrheal drugs and 12% used traditional medicaments. They got oral electrolyte solution (OES) from the health workers (63.3%) or from the dispensaries or drug stores (36.7%). Most of the parents (53.7%) thought that OES was useful to stop diarrhea. Only 30.3% knew that OES was used as the substitute of fluid loss, 16% thought it was to cure for stomach ache. As many as 57.4% parents knew diarrhea as an infectious disease and 57.4 % knew how to prevent it. Most of them knew that environmental sanitation could prevent the disease (23.3%). Food and beverages were known as vehicle of infections by 37.5% parents.
Blood Pressure Values in School Age Children in Medan
Authors: Thaib T. M. , Alam Hisworo Multi , Lubis Agusnadi Munar , Ramayati Rafita , Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Published: January 2019

A cross sectional study on blood pressure in school children aged 6 to 16 years was carried out in the city of Medan from November 1 through January 31, 1993. By using stratified random sampling, 660 school children (336 boys and 324 girls) were enrolled. Blood pressure was measured using standard sphygmomanometer as recommended by The Second International Symposium on Hypertension in Children (1985). Relationships between the mean values of systolic and diastolic pressures with age and sex were sought for. There was a tendency that both systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with increasing age. Based on percentile's graphic for age and sex, blood pressure higher than 95th percentile was found in 15 boys (4.5%) and 15 girls (4.6%) and 70% of them were in 11-16 years age group. Statistically significant correlations were found (p<0.001) between blood pressures and height as well as weight; however the correlation coefficients were only weak to moderate.