bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Balance Using Vestibular Electrical Stimulation to Study its Therapeutic Effect Among Elderly
Authors: Jain Ankit
Published: May 2022

The noisy Galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) is established to be a assuring tool to enhance vestibular functioning. Deterioration in vestibular functioning in the geriatric population results in reduced capacity to identify weakened signal which may result into reduction in balance and ultimately fall. Postural sway is produced when nGVS is given over mastoid process. In present study our aim is to find out whether nGVS can be utilized to maximize the outcome of balance training programme among elderly individuals. Community dwelling elderly (N=150, age 65.67±3.4 yrs) were randomly recruited to a control group (Group A, n=50, age 65.54±3.4 yrs), Placebo group (Group B, n=50, age 65.5±3.3 yrs) and a treatment group (Group C, n=50, age 65.98±3.5 yrs). No intervention was provided to Control group while placebo stimulation was given to group B along with balance training exercises and group C was provided with noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation along with balance training exercises. Pre, mid and post data were recorded on Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for balance and Tinetti’s fall risk scale for risk of fall and analyzed. Compared to control group there was a significant improvement in balance and reduction in risk of fall in placebo and treatment groups. Significant difference was found in treatment group in comparison with placebo group for both, BBS and Tinetti’s fall risk scale. In treatment group early changes in Balance and risk of fall was observed while similar outcomes were not obtained in control and placebo groups. The findings of this study suggests that nGVS can be choosen to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of balance training exercises clinically.
Pengembangan media pembelajaran bangun ruang sisi datar menggunakan Macromedia Flash 8 berbasis pendekatan PMRI
Authors: Sholihatun Annisa Dayani , Misdalina Misdalina , Jumroh Jumroh
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran bangun ruang sisi datar menggunakan Macromedia Flash 8 berbasis pendekatan PMRI yang valid, praktis, dan memiliki efek potensial terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik. Ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (RD) yang menggunakan model ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahap, yaitu Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Media pembelajaran diujicobakan pada peserta didik kelas VIII. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penggunaan angket dan tes. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan yang berupa media pembelajaran menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran telah divalidasi oleh pakar dan mendapatkan persentase penilaian sebesar 90% dengan kategori sangat valid, media pembelajaran berdasarkan hasil penilaian angket pada uji coba kelompok kecil (small group) memperoleh persentase penilaian sebesar 86,6% dengan kategori sangat praktis, dan pada uji coba lapangan (field test) berdasarkan hasil nilai tes akhir (posttest) peserta didik menghasilkan persentase ketuntasan sebesar 85,3% dengan kategori sangat baik sehingga media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan memiliki efek potensial terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik.Development of PMRI approach-based learning media for flat-sided shapes using Macromedia Flash 8 AbstractThis study aims to produce learning media for flat-sided shapes using Macromedia Flash 8 based on the PMRI approach that is valid, practical, and has a potential effect on student learning outcomes. This is a research and development (RD) using the ADDIE model which consists of five stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Learning media was tested on class VIII students. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and tests. The results of research and development in the form of learning media show that learning media have been validated by experts and obtained an assessment percentage of 90% with a very valid category, learning media based on the results of the questionnaire assessment in small group trials obtained an assessment percentage of 86.6 % with a very practical category, and in the field test based on the results of the final test scores (posttest) students produced a percentage of completeness of 85.3% with a very good category so that the learning media developed has a potential effect on student learning outcomes.
Analisis efektivitas Brainly sebagai platform e-learning untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa SMA
Authors: Murtiyasa Budi , Aulida Alfian Nur , Affendi bin Abdullah Mohd Asrul
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas media pembelajaran online yaitu Brainly terhadap minat belajar pada mata pelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penilitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis regresi linear sederhana. Adapun sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 35 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner yang diberikan kepada siswa setelah penerapan Brainly sebagai media pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh efektivitas media pembelajaran Brainly dengan minat belajar siswa, hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil koefisien regresi yang didapatkan bernilai positif. Sehingga dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan media pembelajaran Brainly dinilai efektif dan berpengaruh terhadap minat belajar siswa.The effectiveness of Brainly as an e-learning platform to accelerate students' interest in mathematics AbstractThis research aims to reveal the effectiveness of Brainly teaching media on student’s interest in mathematics. This research is quantitative in nature, applying the simple linear regression analysis method. The sample in this study is 35 respondents. The data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to students after the application of Brainly as a media of teaching. The results show that there is an  effect of the effectiveness of Brainly teaching media on student’s learning interests, and this is evidenced by the positive values of the result of regression coefficients obtained. Therefore, from this result it can be concluded that the application of Brainly teaching media is influential to and effective in improving student’s learning interests.
Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles at Low Synthesis Temperatures
Authors:   Southwest State University, Egelskii Ilia V. , Pugachevskii Maksim A. , Mamontov Vladimir A. , Mirgorod Yuriy A.
Published: May 2022

Purpose of the study. Determination of the dimensional characteristics, elemental, phase and chemical composition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized by the hydrothermal method using low temperatures up to 100 ° C, as well as the study of their photocatalytic activity. Methods. Сharacterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized at low-temperature conditions using scan-ning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive analysis attachment, structural chemical analysis using infrared Fourier spectroscopy to identify organic impurities, and determine efficient decarbonization methods by comparing the analysis results of samples after washing with different polar and non-polar solvents; a study of the photocatalytic activity of synthesized powders of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using the example of photodegradation of methylene blue solution depending on the concentration and the size characteristics of the particles. Results. Titanium dioxide particles in the form of nanopowder were obtained by the hydrothermal synthesis method using low temperatures followed by washing with polar and non-polar solvents and subsequent thermal annealing. According to spectral analysis and scanning electron microscopy data, after washing with solvents and the decarbonization methods used, a decrease in impurities of carbon compounds in the substance from 68% to 4% is achieved. The synthesized particles had spherical and ellipsoidal shapes with an average size of 24 nm. The high photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was proved by the example of methylene blue degradation under ultraviolet radiation. Conclusion. As a result of complex analysis by nanoinstrumental methods, titanium dioxide nanoparticles obtained by the hydrothermal method at low-temperature conditions up to 100 °C were characterized. The particles have an average size of 24 nm and a rounded shape. The efficiency of combined washing from organic impurities with polar and non-polar solvents and thermal annealing of the synthesized samples for decarbonization has been proven. Upon annealing, the anatase structure of the crystal lattice was preserved. Nanoparticles exhibit high photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation of methylene blue under ultraviolet irradiation. Acceleration of the reaction rate of photocatalysis contributes to the achievement of concentration in the solution and a decrease in their size.
Study of the Kinetics of the Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of 7-amino-3-tert-butyl-4-oxo-8-cyano-6h-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]-triazine with Benzyl Chloride
Authors:   Southwest State University, Andreeva Viktoria Е. , Burykina Oksana V.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study.The aim of the work was to study the kinetics of the nucleophilic substitution reaction be-tween 7-amino-3-tert-butyl-4-oxo-8-cyano-6H-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]-triazine and benzyl chloride. Research methods.7-amino-1-benzyl-3-tert-butyl-4-oxo-8-cyano-6H-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]-triazine was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction by the interaction of 7-amino-3-tert-butyl-4-oxo-8-cyano-6h-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]-triazine with benzyl chloride. The IR spectra of the initial and obtained compounds were obtained using the Agilent Cary 660 FTIR IR-Fourier spectrometer. UV spectra were taken on a Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer and a digital STUART Melting point SMP30 device with a resolution of 0.10С was used to determine the melting temperature. Kinetic control of the process under study was carried out by TLC (planar chromatography). During the analysis, Sorbfil PTSH-AF-V-UV chromatographic plates with high efficiency were used. The chromatograms were developed at a wavelength of 254 nm using a SORBFIL video sensor based on a lighting camera. Chromatograms were processed in the computer program "Sorbflil TLC View 1.8". Results.The interaction of 7-amino-3-tert-butyl-4-oxo-8-cyano-6H-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]-triazine and benzyl chloride PhCH2Cl produced a white crystalline substance with Tpl =194,6-195,20C. The yield of the product was 1,1g (79% of the theoretical). When analyzing the IR spectrum of the obtained compound, the presence in its structure was revealed: 1,2,4-triazine ring (at 943 and 1096 cm-1 peaks characteristic of the "skeletal vibrations" of the triazine ring were detected); pyrazole ring (peaks at 1591 and 1350 cm-1), NH2 groups (at 3202 cm-1, a peak corresponding to the valence vibrations of the amino group was manifested), C≡N groups (peak at 2220 cm-1), C=O groups (peak at 1702 cm-1), groups with (4)=O (peak at 1626 cm-1). The existence of peaks of the benzyl group is analyzed using the NIST database. Transitions were observed in the UV spectrum at 255nm (π→σ* transition of the functional group C=O) and 318 nm (π→π* transition of the aromatic system). To determine the kinetic parameters of the reaction, the data obtained using the TLC method were processed using differential and integral methods, as well as the Van't-Hoff method. Conclusion. During kinetic studies, it was found that the nucleophilic substitution between 7-amino-3-tert-butyl-4-oxo-8-cyano-6H-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]-triazine and benzyl chloride has that the reaction order is 0,9, the rate constant is 0.0064 min-1.
Surface Modification of Diesel Fuel Equipment Parts Made of KhVG Steel by Saturation with Nitrogen and Carbon to Increase Hardness and Wear Resistance
Authors:   Kursk State Agricultural Academy named after I. I. Ivanova, Grashkov Sergey A. , Kolmykov Valery I. ,   Southwest State University
Published: May 2022

Purpose. Show that nitrocarburizing of KhVG steel in a highly active environment significantly increases its hardness and wear resistance due to surface modification with a large amount of carbonitrides. Methods. For research in an induction furnace, samples with a diameter of 50 m, 8 pieces of steel KHVG, were sub-jected to nitrocarburizing in a highly active nitrogen-carbon medium, which would provide saturation of the surface layers of steel with carbonitrides of iron alloys with manganese and chromium. Results. Investigation of the microstructure of modified samples from steel KhVG showed that in all modes of nitro-carburizing, a large amount of a new phase was formed in their surface layers. Inclusions of a new phase in the structure of nitrocarburized layers, as shown by the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, are carbonitrides isomorphic with cementol. The sizes of these carbonitrides vary in the range 3… 10 µm, and the microhardness - in the range Hµ 9150… 10500 MPa. The content of carbonitrides in the modified layers depends on both the temperature and the duration of nitrocarburizing. Conclusion. The presence of carbonitride inclusions in nitrocarburized layers on the surface of parts leads to a sig-nificant increase in their hardness and wear resistance. For practical purposes, it is possible to recommend the con-tent of carbonitrides in modified layers on the surface of parts of 50 ... 60%.
Charge Obtained by Electrodispersing Waste of Alloy H20H80 in Water
Authors:   Southwest State University, Kruglyakov Oleg V. , Ageeva Ekaterina V. , Bobkov Evgeny A.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics of the charge obtained by electrodispersing the waste of the alloy Н20N80 in distilled water. Methods. Electrodispersion of waste of alloy Н20N80 was carried out in a dispersant. The tasks set in the work were solved using modern equipment and complementary methods of physical materials science, including: the shape and morphology of the particle surface was studied on an electron-ion scanning (scanning) microscope with field electron emission "QUANTA 600 FEG" (Netherlands); the granulometric composition was studied on a laser particle size analyzer "Analysette 22 NanoTec" (Germany); X-ray spectral microanalysis of particles was carried out on an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer of the company "EDAX" (the Netherlands), integrated into a scanning electron microscope "QUANTA 200 3D" (the Netherlands); phase analysis of particles was studied on an X-ray diffractometer "Rigaku Ultima IV" (Japan); the microstructure of particles was studied on an optical inverted microscope "OLYMPUS GX51" (Japan) and an electron-ion scanning (scanning) microscope with a field electron emission "QUANTA 600 FEG" (Netherlands). Results. Based on the conducted experimental studies aimed at studying the composition, structure and properties of the charge obtained from the waste of the alloy X20N80 in distilled water, the high efficiency of the use of electro-dispersion technology, which provides, at low energy costs, the production of new nichrome powder materials suitable for industrial use, is shown. It is noted that powder materials obtained by electroerosion of Н20N80 alloy waste in kerosene have the following characteristics: spherical and elliptical particles, agglomerates; particle sizes from 0.25 to 100 microns; the volumetric average diameter of the particles is 34.12 microns; the main elements are Fe, Ni, Cr and C; the main phases are Fe, Ni, Cr and Cr2О3. Conclusion. The conducted research will allow for a gradual transition to advanced production technologies and materials through the use of progressive, environmentally friendly, low-tonnage and waste-free electro dispersion technology for the production of new nichrome powder materials from waste alloy Н20N80 in distilled water.
The Process of Pressing and Sintering a Charge of the SSu-3 Lead-Antimony Alloy Obtained by Electroerosive Dispersion
Authors:   Southwest State University, Ageeva Ekaterina V. , Lоktionova Oksana G. , Korolev Mikhail S.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to manufacture blanks from the charge obtained by the method of electroerosion dispersion, lead-antimony alloy - SSu3, under certain pressing and sintering parameters, to determine the effect of pressure on the density of the final blanks, as well as to find shrinkage dependencies during the sintering operation. Methods. To perform this study, a charge of lead-antimony alloy - SSu3, obtained by the method of electroerosive dispersion, was required. The pressing process was carried out in a mold specially designed for this study on a NORDBERG N3612 hydraulic floor press in two modes under load - 2.5 and 5 t. respectively, the holding time under pressure in both cases was 10 minutes. Sintering was carried out in a graphite crucible, which was placed in an oven for heating the molds EKPS - 10, where a constant temperature of 296 degrees is maintained for 120 minutes. Results. Experimentally, it was found that when the force is doubled, the density of the workpiece increases by 2%, which is due to a closer interaction between metal particles. It is noted that in order to create products with greater porosity, it is necessary to reduce the pressure during pressing, and to create products with greater hardness, more pressure is needed. The difference in the color of the workpieces is due to the degree of oxidation of the charge with oxygen during the cooling of the briquettes after pressing, the compounds of the alloy elements change during its oxidation with oxygen, oxides and lead peroxides are formed, which in turn affect the chemical properties of the alloy. Gray color has a low content of oxygen oxides, and brown, up to orange, is characterized by a high content of lead peroxides. Conclusion. The obtained results can be used for further study and improvement of the composition and structure of the alloy, as well as for the selection of optimal modes of pressing and sintering in further studies.
Interrater agreement on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale between paramedics and stroke physicians: a validation study for the digital training model in the Paramedic Norwegian Acute Stroke Prehospital Project (Preprint)
Authors: Guterud Mona , Bugge Helge Fagerheim , Røislien Jo , Larsen Karianne , Eriksen Erik , Ingebretsen Svein Håkon , Mikkelsen Martin , Kramer-Johansen Jo , Bache Kristi G , Sandset Else Charlotte , Hov Maren Ranhoff
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Time spent in the prehospital phase of acute stroke care is multifactorial and have an effect on possibilities for acute treatment. Communication between paramedics and the in-hospital stroke team directly affects time to treatment. A mutual stroke scale like National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) may improve communication quality. The Paramedic Norwegian Acute Stroke Prehospital Project (ParaNASPP) was a stepped wedge randomised trial of stroke screening using NIHSS in the ambulance where the intervention was training paramedics in stroke and NIHSS, use of NIHSS made into a mobile application guiding the examination and facilitating communication with the in-hospital stroke team.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to validate the digital training model from the ParaNASPP clinical trial.

METHODS

Twenty-four paramedics were recruited from Oslo University Hospital (OUS) in Norway, completing the ParaNASPP training model. Twenty exclusive videos with pre-defined NIHSS scores were recorded. Four stroke physicians from OUS were included for reference. Bland Altman plots with 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) were calculated comparing first paramedics and stroke physicians to the pre-defined scores, and then with each other. A pre-defined LoA was set to +/-3 points. To align with clinical practice NIHSS scores were also dichotomized into 0-5 (minor stroke) or ≥6 (moderate and major stroke), and agreement calculated using Cohen’s Kappa.

RESULTS

The videos (n=20) had a median (range) NIHSS score 7 (0-31). The paramedics’ scores were slightly higher than the pre-defined scores with a mean difference of -0.38 and LoA ranged from -4.04 to 3.29. The paramedics scored higher than the stroke physicians with a mean difference of -0.39, with LoA ranging from -4.58 to 3.80. Dichotomizing, Cohen’s Kappa was 0.89 between pre-defined scores and paramedics, 0.92 between pre-defined scores and stroke physicians, and 0.81 between paramedics and stroke physicians, all indicating very good agreement.

CONCLUSIONS

The standardized digital training model used in the ParaNASPP clinical trial seems to result in very good agreement in NIHSS scoring between paramedics and both pre-defined scores and stroke physician scores. This study also demonstrates possibilities for transfer of clinical competence in digital simulation training.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Smartphone ophthalmoscope as a tool in teaching direct ophthalmoscopy: a crossover randomized controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Hongxi , Liao Xulong , Zhang Mingzhi , Pang Chi Pui , Chen Haoyu
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Fundoscopy is important in clinical practice but mastering direct ophthalmoscopy (DO) can be technically challenging for medical students. Utility of a novel tool, smart-phone ophthalmoscopy (SO), in teaching fundoscopy has been rarely verified.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of SO in teaching ophthalmoscopy, compared with DO.

METHODS

In this cross-over study, forty-five final-year medical students attending sessions at a single institution were randomly allocated to two groups (A and B). Both groups attended two training sessions. In the first session, Group A students were taught ophthalmoscopy using DO and Group B students using SO. In the second session, the training sessions were crossed over. A series of eye models with 10 letters placed on the inner surface were designed to assess the students' skill on ophthalmoscopy. Students performed ophthalmoscopy on the eye models, recorded their findings and completed a questionnaire of feedback on DO and SO. The main outcome measure was the score of ophthalmoscopy, assessed by the student correctly recording each letter (score 1 for each letter).

RESULTS

For Group A, the mean score of ophthalmoscopy on the eye model using DO and SO was 3.9 ± 2.4 and 8.2 ± 2.2, respectively. For Group B, the respective mean scores were 5.7 ± 3.5 and 8.7 ± 1.8. Students scored significantly higher in ophthalmoscopy when using SO than DO (P < 0.001). They expressed better visualization of the fundus using SO than DO (4.49 ± 0.65 vs 4.13 ± 0.81, P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS

Students' performance of ophthalmoscopy was better when SO was used compared with DO. The use of SO as an adjunctive tool is recommended and should improve the effectiveness of teaching ophthalmoscopy.

CLINICALTRIAL

ChiCTR2100054018
Enrollment and retention of participants in remote digital health studies: a scoping review and framework proposal (Preprint)
Authors: Daniore Paola , Nittas Vasileios , von Wyl Viktor
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Digital technologies are increasingly used in health research to collect real-world data from wider populations. A new wave of digital health studies relies primarily on digital technologies to conduct research entirely remotely. Remote digital health studies hold promise to significant cost and time advantages over traditional, in-person studies. However, such studies have been reported to typically suffer from participant attrition, the sources for which are still largely understudied.

OBJECTIVE

To contribute to future remote digital health study planning, we present a conceptual framework and hypotheses for study enrollment and completion from a person-centered lens. The framework introduces three criteria that affect remote digital health study outcomes: (a) participant motivation profile and incentives, (b) participant task complexity and (c) scientific requirements. The goal of this scoping review is to inform the planning and implementation of remote digital health studies from a person-centered perspective.

METHODS

We conducted a scoping review to collect information on participation in remote digital health studies, focusing on methodological aspects that affect participant enrollment and retention. Comprehensive searches were conducted on the PubMed, CINHAL and Web of Science databases, and additional sources were included in our study from citation sources.

RESULTS

We report findings from a scoping review that reveal high values of achieved participant enrollment based on target sample size calculations, 128% (IQR: 100-234%) and study completion, 48% (IQR 35-76%). Most studies provided incentives to participants (33/37, 89%) and around half of the studies (21/37, 57%) provided measures to reduce participant burden through passive data collection or by requiring participants to complete frequent, shorter tasks. Increased study enrollment and completion is observed for studies that provided incentives, targeted specific participant profiles for enrollment and reduced the complexity of tasks for participants.

CONCLUSIONS

We find that future remote digital health study planning can benefit from targeting specific participant profiles, providing incentives or reducing study complexity at any stage to improve study outcomes. Future remote digital health study planning requires a focus on participant requirements, as well as broadening scientific requirements to increase participation in studies.
THE EFFECT OF STRESS DURING ONLINE LEARNING ON MEDICAL STUDENT’S LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Yudanti Mahardani Putu Nandika Tungga , Darmayani Sri , Wati Dyah Kanya , Wasi Elannor Maria Elisabeth Sylvinna , Ardhaputri Ketut Wulan Ari Kartika , Rompis Andreliano Yosua
Published: May 2022

Background: Medical students are a population that is considered vulnerable to experience stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially with the heavy learning load and changes in the learning system that were initially carried out face-to-face. Currently, there are limited data regarding the stress of studying online in medical students and their effect on learning achievement. This study aimed to determine the stress effect of studying online in medical students on their academic achievement.Methods: This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. 112 samples were obtained from students of Bachelor of Medicine and Medical Doctor in one of the universities in Bali with the instruments that were distributed via Google Form. Primary data collection was carried out using the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) questionnaire, while secondary data collection was obtained from the average score of three-block exams done online during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: The stress level of medical students in online learning was dominated by high stress (55.4%) with the majority cause due to Academic Related Stressor (ARS). There is a significant relationship (p = 0.021) between the incidence of stress and learning achievement in students (-0.217, 95% CI -0.39 to -0.03). The learning system preference that was chosen by the students is dominated by a 50% online learning system and 50% offline as much as 27.7%.Conclusion: The results indicated that there is a high level of stress among medical students. There is a correlation between stress events and medical student’s achievement during online learning.
STUDENT SELF-TESTS AND INTERACTIVE QUIZZES FOR IMPROVING PSYCHIATRY SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus , Winarto Winarto
Published: May 2022

Background: Formative assessment is an important assessment in medical education. Formative assessment strengthens the learning process, consolidates learning materials, strengthens learning behavior and improves student performance in learning. Formative assessment must have a place in the student assessment regulatory system to increase educational outcomes. Formative assessment needs to be continuously developed, especially assessment as learning to encourage student participation in monitoring the process and progress of their learning. This study aims to determine whether the application of self-tests and interactive quizzes created by students can improve summative exam results. In particular, it aims to determine the relationship between the results of the self-test developed by students with the results of summative assessment, and to find out whether there are differences in summative assessment results between the group that took the self-test and received the interactive quiz with the group that did not take the self-test and did not get the interactive quiz.Methods: This study was a cross sectional experimental study. Number of samples was 174 people, consisting of 87 intervention groups and 87 control groups. The sample was selected using disproportionate stratified random sampling.Results: The results of the self-test and the summative assessment results showed a significant relationship with sig (2-tailed) of 0.000, the Pearson correlation coefficient 0.563, indicating a strong relationship. The result of the summative assessment, the intervention group was 70.54 significantly higher than that of the control group 64.13. Analysis of differences using the independent T Test sig 0.000.Conclusion: Student self-tests and interactive quizzes have been proven to improve student summative exam results in learning block psychiatry.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN A MEDICAL SCHOOL DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Samudero Gilang , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Agus Dharmady
Published: May 2022

Background: The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak caused mental health problems, one of which is the depression. This study analyzed the factors associated with depression among medical students in a medical school during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with depression during the COVID-19  pandemic such as gender, the year of student, the residence during COVID-19 pandemic, the risk of infecting others, quarantine, and social distancing or physical distancing.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 185 preclinic medical students of School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. Data was collected using the identity of participants, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 42), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Chi-square analysis were applied for this study, if the chi-square analysis did not meet the requirements, the researcher had to use the fisher exact test as an alternative test. Researcher also performed logistic regression analysis to determine the most significant factor.Results: The result of study showed that the year of student had the most significant relationship with depression measured by DASS 42 (p:0,043) and PHQ-9 (p:0,006) and the higher year of student or the higher semester of student had the decrease depression measured by DASS 42 (coef: -0,46; OR: 0,63; 95% CI: 0,406-0,985) and PHQ-9 (coef: -0,53; OR: 0,58; 95% CI: 0,404-0,858) with logistic regression analysis Conclusion: The year of student has the most significant relationship with depression .
BURNOUT AMONG PEDIATRIC TRAINEES IN INDONESIA: A NATIONAL SURVEY
Authors: Moelyo Annang Giri , Tridjaja Bambang , Triasih Rina
Published: May 2022

Background: The intense workload and complex learning environment in pediatric specialist training program may lead to trainees’ burnout. The study aimed to assess burnout and the associated factors among pediatric trainees in Indonesia.Methods: We conducted a multicentre study involving all (15) pediatric training institutions in Indonesia from June to August 2019. A General Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) was translated to Indonesian language. The OLBI comprised of 16 questions which assessed exhaustion (8 questions) and disengagement (8 questions). The online questionnaire was self-completed by pediatric trainees in the study sites. Ordinal regressions were performed to assess risk factors (age, marital, sex, resident stage of training, and university) for exhaustion and disengagement.Results: A total of 841 trainees from 15 pediatric training institutions in Indonesia completed the survey (response rate 71.2%). The majority (72.1%) of the trainees was female with mean age of 31.2 ± 2.9 years. The Cronbach’s-alpha was 0.74. The mean exhaustion and disengagement scores were 2.58±0.23 and 2.51±0.23, respectively. The proportion of vigor, mild, moderate and severe exhaustion were 48.3%; 42.0%; 9.0%; and 0.7%, respectively. The proportion of dedicated, mild, moderate and severe disengagement were 36.9%; 46.5%; 14.5%; and 2.1%, respectively. The stage of training (junior-intermediate stage), after adjusted to age, sex and institution was significantly increase the risk for exhaustion [odd ratio 1.47 (95%CI; 1.22-1.76)]. Disengagement level was significantly different among pediatric training institutions (located in Java and outer Java) [odd ratio 0.68 (95%CI; 0.529-0.885)].Conclusion: Burnout was common among pediatric trainees in Indonesia.
VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AND LEARNING APPROACH AMONG PRE-CLINICAL UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Andryas Fellicia Naurah , Irmarahayu Agneta , Bustamam Nurfitri
Published: May 2022

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has bestowed upon the global citizens what is now known as the new normal. The Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia has acted accordingly by commanding every academic institution to practice online learning to lower the transmission of the SARS-COV-2 virus. This abrupt pedagogical transformation imposes a new challenge for both students and teachers. Consequently, continuous monitoring and evaluation of the study process are essential to maintain high quality education. This research aimed to illustrate the perception of student's experienced virtual learning environment (VLE), chosen learning approach, and the association between      them.Methods: A cross-sectional design was chosen for this study. Participants (n=210) currently registered as pre-clinical undergraduate medical students during the 2020/2021  academic year were asked to complete an online survey. Online Learning Environment Survey (OLES) and Revised Study Process Questionnaire 2 Factors (R-SPQ-2F) are used to determine VLE effectiveness and learning approach, respectively.Results: The study showed that 99% (n=208) of the students perceived their VLE as highly effective and 88,6% (n=186) used the deep learning approach. Fisher’s exact test revealed a significant correlation between perceived VLE and the learning approach (p=0,013). Conclusion: An effective VLE is of paramount importance as it influences students' approach to learning during their study. Academic institution needs to support proper evaluation of VLE to ensure high quality education is being delivered continuously.
A PEEK INTO MEDICAL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES BLOCK
Authors: Khalishah Saphira Nada , Maritska Ziske , Marwoto Joko
Published: May 2022

Background: Biology is one of the cornerstones of studying medicine. It is imperative for medical students to get a grasp of it before further proceed to advanced medical sciences. Learning and comprehending the subject will help medical students further in their studies. The learning environment is one of the major factors that determine the success of a learning process. This study aimed to assess student’s perception of the learning environment on the biology medicine block, as one of the basic medical sciences blocks given in the first semester in the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya.Methods: A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design on 221 second-year medical students that have undergone the biology medicine block. Assessment is done using Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire.Results: A total of 221 respondents, 67.4% have a good perception of learning, a very good perception of lecturers 115 respondents (52%), a good academic achievement of 62%, a perception of a good learning atmosphere is 72% and a perception of a good environment is 73.8%.Conclusion: The majority of respondents stated good perception among all categories.
Impact of Seawater Intrusion on Freshwater Quality in Coastal Area of South Kalimantan
Authors: Wahyono Sri C. , Siregar Simon S. , Minarto Ori , Wianto Totok , Sari Nurma
Published: May 2022

Climate change and sea level rise as both have the potential to affect saltwater intrusion into the coastal area. The aim of this study is finding seawater influence on coastal area freshwater. To this purpose, it is conducted study of groundwater aquifer as freshwater and its electrical characteristics by electrical resistivity survey in the coastal area of Muara Asam-Asam Village, South Kalimantan. It channeled from three different positions to find its impacts on the well water quality. The data interpreted and analyzed based on the two-dimensional mapping of the distribution of subsurface resistivity values. At a distance of 100 m from the shoreline, it experienced intrusion at a depth of 1.24 – 9.68 m with a thickness of 8.44 meters with resistivity values 1.17 – 4.20 Ωm. Furthermore, at a distance of 200 m from the shoreline, it experienced intrusion at a depth of 0.80-5.14 m with a thickness of 4.34 meters with a resistivity value of 0.26-4.70 Ωm. Finally, at a distance of 300 m from the shoreline is free of seawater intrusion. Meanwhile, the physical parameter of well water as freshwater and water consumption conducted to monitor water quality for the settlement around the area. Mean value of physical parameter of well water for TDS, level of turbidity and pH are 124.03 mg/L, 5.80 NTU and 6.80 respectively. Both TDS and pH are meet health requirements, but it is not for turbidity level value.
Impact of Elaeidobius kamerunicus population in F1 hybrid-single generation families of oil palm on Malaysia profound peat-soil
Authors: Swaray Senesie , Amiruddin Mohd Din , Yusop Mohd Rafii , Jamian Syari , Ismail Mohd Firdaus , Yusuff Oladosu , Turay Foday , Jalloh Momodu , Gassama Umaru Mohamed , Marjuni Marhalil , Haliru Bello Sani
Published: May 2022

Elaedobius kamerunicus (EK) is the most effective oil palm pollinator, and has positively improved the rate of pollination and oil yield. However, the decline in the oil palm fruit set and oil yield is alarming in oil palm industries. Therefore, this study investigated the EK population abundance and its impact on the oil palm fruit set. A significant variation in EK population was observed among the biparental families and a decline in its population abundance. The highest mean number of EK per palm was recorded on Day-three and family ECPHP500 recorded the highest (2367.94 ± 140.74). The total population means of EK was 36830.14 ± 851.68 per hectare and ECPHP550 recorded the highest at 52,189.64 weevils per hectare.A simple linear regression and correlation coefficient (r) analysis indicated declines in the efficiency of the weevil and it accounted for 31% of the variation in fruit to bunch, 25% in average bunch weight, 37% infertile fruit, and 33% of the total variation in oil palm fruit set ratio. The oil palm traits analysed, had a positive and highly significant moderate correlation with the weevil effectiveness. A strong perfect relationship was established between Day-three anthesis with EK population per inflorescence (r = 0.99, df = 3, 23, P˂0.0001). Moderate evaporation rate, rainfall, wind velocity, and sunshine duration with temperature (29oC) will increase the weevil population and efficiency. Future research and good management practices should be considered to improve the population and pollination effectiveness of EK, enhancing the livelihoods of farmers.
Floristic diversity and carbon stock in the Agrosystem of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) in the high Guinean savannahs of the Adamawa Cameroon
Authors: Nguemo D. Dongock , Moucharou M.S. Mandou , Guidawa Fawa , Dagavounanssou B. , Mapongmetsem P.M.
Published: May 2022

The knowledge on the floristic diversity of Persea americana agrosystem and their contribution to carbon stock was evaluated in the high-Guinean savannahs of Adamawa Cameroon. Three sites of different ages were identified according to the age of plantation. The savannah zone was chosen as the witness treatment. Sampling was done along five transects of 20 x 100m2 installed in each site giving a total of 20 transects. An inventory of shrubs with dbh ≥ 5 cm was carried out. The average estimates aboveground and belowground carbon stock in shrub biomass was calculated using the algometric equation. A total of 3296 individuals from 30 families, 53 genus and 61 species were counted. Comparative analysis was carried out to show that abundance, Shannon index and land area were significantly different in the different plots. Contrarily, Piélou equitability and ecology importance index do not vary much between pear trees and savannah. The total carbon stocks were estimated at 4.57t/ha (savannah) to 18.76 t/ha (others sites). Carbon sequestration ecological service value in the agrosystems was estimated to be more than 7126.6 dollars/ha with a liberation potential of about 712.66±2.11 tCO2/ha. These data show the capacity of the agrosystem of Persea americana to sequestrate more carbon compared to savannah vegetation that is subjected to constant disturbance by anthropic activities. Ecological services related to carbon can be an opportunity for financial benefits if the credits from the development of mechanism improves incomes of rural populations who contribute in the management and the conservation of the ecosystem.
Analysis of the Effect of Capital Structure on Businessperformance of Building Material Manufacturing Businesses Listed on the Stock Market of Vietnam
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thi
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of capital structure on business performance of construction materials manufacturing enterprises listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange. The study uses data from 27 enterprises in the building material manufacturing industry listed on the HSX and HNX in the 10-year period from 2012 to 2021. The author analyzes the relationship between capital structure and efficiency. business and then offer solutions to build an appropriate capital structure for enterprises in the domestic building material manufacturing industry.
Music in the Festival of Vietnamese People (Thanh Hoa) - Issues
Authors: Nhan Do Thi Thanh , Thao Nguyen Dinh
Published: May 2022

The article focuses on studying music in festivals of Vietnamese people in Thanh Hoa. Through the collected material, the authors have synthesized, explored the cultural aspects of the composition and analyzed the music. The result of the research is to find out the meaning of music in contributing to the festival's appearance and to find out the operating rules and basic characteristics of music. From there, several discussions are given to preserve and promote music in the festival to achieve higher efficiency in life. The research results are the judgments about the culture and music constituting the overall festival, including (1) Meaning of festival organization; (2) Space and time of the festival; (3) Musical genres and performances in festivals; (4) Musical characteristics. The study also identifies appropriate research methods, and musical analysis techniques are also the basis for making objective judgments. This research will serve as the basis for the research, conservation, and promotion of folk music in larger and more comprehensive aspects
The Role of Scientific Research Activities for Lecturers of Universities, Colleges
Authors: Hau Trinh Thi , Hoan Le Ngoc
Published: May 2022

Currently, any university has two main and most important tasks: training and scientific research. These are two activities that have an organic relationship, two basic strategic tasks of the school, in which the active participation of faculty members in scientific research activities is one of the important measures - mandatory - necessary to aim to improve the quality of training, to better meet the increasingly demanding needs of society. The content of this article focuses on analyzing several issues about the role of scientific research for university lecturers today
Bestandsaufnahme der Kooperation und Vernetzung österreichischer und nordamerikanischer Forschender, FTI-Stakeholder und -Institutionen
Authors:   ZSI - Centre for Social Innovation, Brugner Philipp , Dall Elke , Demir Utku , Lampert Dietmar , Lang Martina , Schuch Klaus , Stampfer Michael , Steinkogler Petra , Strassnig Michael , Sturn Dorothea
Published: May 2022

Die vorliegende Studie „Bestandsaufnahme der Kooperation und Vernetzung österreichischer und nordamerikanischer Forschender, FTI-Stakeholder und -Institutionen“ wurde gemeinsam vom ZSI und der WWTF GmbH im Zeitraum zwischen Mitte Dezember 2021 und Anfang April 2022 durchgeführt. Der Studienzweck, der sich eng an den in der Ausschreibung zugrunde gelegten Terms of Reference durch das Ministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung orientierte, bestand im Wesentlichen aus einer Bestandsaufnahme der Kooperation und Vernetzung österreichischer und nordamerikanischer Forschender, FTI-Stakeholder und –Institutionen und der Analyse der Wirkungen des ASciNA1-Awards mit Fokus auf die Karriereentwicklung der ASciNA-Preisträger:innen und deren Einschätzungen des Awards. Die Studie bietet eine umfassende Beschreibung der für die Internationalisierung von Wissenschaft und Forschung genutzten Instrumente zwischen Österreich und Nordamerika, sowie davon abgeleitete ergänzende Netzwerkdarstellungen in einem extra online-Dashboard zur besseren graphischen Nachvollziehbarkeit der bestehenden wesentlichen individuellen und institutionellen transatlantischen Beziehungen und Verflechtungen. Die Studie erfasst den aktuellen Stand von 110 Aktivitäten. Der Erfassungszeitraum der Daten auf aggregierter sowie Individualebene umfasst, sofern nicht anders ausgewiesen, die Jahre 2013-2020. Das Dashboard ist hier einseh- und benutzbar: http://bibliometrics.zsi.at/studies/ Des Weiteren wurden anhand internationaler Kopublikationen und Zitationen die thematischen Schwerpunkte der bi- und multilateralen Kooperation mit der Zielregion (USA, Kanada, Mexiko) untersucht. Folgende Methoden wurden im Rahmen eines multi-methodischen Forschungsdesigns zum Einsatz gebracht.
Biodiversidad útil: plantas e insectos benéficos asociados al cultivo de aguacate en Michoacán
Authors: Merlín Uribe Yair , Villamil Echeverri Laura , Martínez Cruz Juan , Ramírez García Enrique , Ayala Barajas Ricardo , Astier Calderón Marta , Gavito Pardo Mayra Elena
Published: May 2022

La presente guía visual está diseñada para que productores y técnicos de campo y habitantes de las zonas aguacateras puedan identificar y así conservar las especies de plantas herbáceas e insectos que tienen el potencial de ser útiles para los sistemas productivos de aguacate. En la presente guía incluimos una lista de las especies de plantas que se encontraron asociadas al cultivo de aguacate y una selección de las plantas que se ha documentado que realizan una función de utilidad para el cultivo. Asimismo, se incluyen las especies de los insectos que acarrearon polen de aguacate y son, por lo tanto, polinizadores potenciales del cultivo.