bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antitumor Agents. Part 230. C4′‐Esters of GL‐331 as Cytotoxic Agents and DNA Topoisomerase II Inhibitors.
Authors: Han Shiqing , Xiao Zhiyan , Bastow Kenneth F. , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Modular and Concise Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Daurichromenic Acid (I) and Analogues.
Authors: Hu Hongjuan , Harrison Tyler J. , Wilson Peter D.
Published: September 2004

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Synthesis and Surface Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel Perfluorooctylated Quaternary Ammonium Silane Coupling Agent.
Authors: Shao Hui , Meng Wei‐Dong , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: September 2004

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Hit‐to‐Lead Studies: The Discovery of Potent, Orally Active, Thiophenecarboxamide IKK‐2 Inhibitors.
Authors: Baxter Andrew , et al. et al.
Published: September 2004

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Fe—Rh—S (Iron—Rhodium—Sulfur)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: September 2004

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Fe—Pt—S (Iron—Platinum—Sulfur)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fe—Os—S (Iron—Osmium—Sulfur)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fe—Ir—S (Iron—Iridium—Sulfur)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supramolecular Architectures Featuring Stereoisomeric Cluster Complexes of the [Re6(μ3‐Se)8]2+ Core
Authors: Selby Hugh D. , Roland Bryan K. , Cole Jenine R. , Zheng Zhiping
Published: September 2004

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Structures of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Clusters with Oxygen Donor Ligands
Authors: Fromm Katharina M. , Gueneau Estelle D.
Published: September 2004

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Molecular Materials and Devices: Developing New Functional Systems Based on the Coordination Chemistry Approach
Authors: Toma Henrique E.
Published: September 2004

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The Actinoids
Authors: Burns C. J. , Neu M. P. , Boukhalfa H. , Gutowski K. E. , Bridges N. J. , Rogers R. D.
Published: September 2004

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Discovery and Development of Asymmetric Autocatalysis
Authors: Soai Kenso , Shibata Tkanori , Sato Itaru
Published: September 2004

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Chiral Olefin Ligands — New “Spectators” in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Glorius Frank
Published: September 2004

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Palladium Oxidase Catalysis: Selective Oxidation of Organic Chemicals by Direct Dioxygen‐Coupled Turnover
Authors: Stahl Shannon S.
Published: September 2004

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Molybdenum in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Khurana Jitender M. , Chauhan Sushma , Agrawal Arpita
Published: September 2004

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Room Temperature Ionic Liquids and Their Mixtures
Authors: Marsh K. N. , Boxall J. A. , Lichtenthaler R.
Published: September 2004

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Recent Advances in the High‐Speed Solid‐Phase Synthesis of RNA
Authors: Marshall William S. , Kaiser Robert J.
Published: September 2004

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Synthetic Methods. Part 4. Heteroatom Methods
Authors: Fletcher Matthew D.
Published: September 2004

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Synthetic Methods. Part 5. Protecting Groups
Authors: Clarke Paul A. , Martin William H. C.
Published: September 2004

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Reactions of Orthophthalaldehyde with Nucleophiles
Authors: Zuman Petr
Published: September 2004

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Samarium(II)‐Iodide‐Mediated Cyclizations in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Edmonds David J. , Johnston Derek , Procter David J.
Published: September 2004

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Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles Chemisorbed by Organic π‐Ligands and Their Networked Structures
Authors: Sugawara Tadashi
Published: September 2004

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Determination of Isotherms by Gas—Solid Chromatography: Applications
Authors: Roubani‐Kalantzopoulou Fani
Published: September 2004

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Reactions of the Diiron Enzyme Stearoyl‐Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase
Authors: Fox Brian G. , Lyle Karen S. , Rogge Corina E.
Published: September 2004

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Role of Glycosaminoglycans in Cellular Communication
Authors: Linhardt Robert J. , Toida Toshihiko
Published: September 2004

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Protein and Chemical Microarrays: Powerful Tools for Proteomics
Authors: Xu Qingchai , Lam Kit S.
Published: September 2004

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Thermochemistry of Some Binary Alloys of Silver with the Lanthanide Metals by High Temperature Direct Synthesis Calorimetry
Authors: Meschel S. V . , Kleppa O. J.
Published: September 2004

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Reaction of AgN3 with SOCl2: Evidence for the Formation of Thionyl Azide, SO(N3)2.
Authors: Xiaoqing Zeng , Fengyi Liu , Qiao Sun , Maofa Ge , Jianping Zhang , Xicheng Ai , Lingpeng Meng , Shijun Zheng , Dianxun Wang
Published: September 2004

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SSZ‐51 — A New Aluminophosphate Zeotype: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, NMR, and Dehydration Properties.
Authors: Morris Russell E. , Burton Allen , Bull Lucy M. , Zones Stacey I.
Published: September 2004

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Synthesis of Racemic and Enantiomerically Enriched α‐Oxyfunctionalized Benzocyclanones and Chromanones by Dimethyldioxirane and Dimethyldioxirane/Mn(III) Salen System.
Authors: Patonay Tamas , Jekoe Jozsef , Kiss‐Szikszai Attila , Levai Albert
Published: September 2004

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Alkaloids‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Allylic Nucleophilic Substitution of tert‐Butyl Carbonate of the Morita—Baylis—Hillman Products.
Authors: Du Yishu , Han Xiuling , Lu Xiyan
Published: September 2004

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Reactions of 1,4‐Dilithiobutadienes with Isothiocyanates: Preparation of Iminocyclopentadiene Derivatives via Cleavage of the C=S Double Bond of a RN=C=S Molecule.
Authors: Wang Congyang , Song Qiuling , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: September 2004

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Cyclization of 2‐(2‐Bromoethoxyl)‐acetophenones and 5‐(ω‐Haloalkoxy)‐1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones — Formation of Five‐ to Eight‐Membered Oxygen‐Containing Heterocycles via Intramolecular Alkylation.
Authors: Nikitin Kirill V. , Andryukhova Nonna P.
Published: September 2004

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Mechanistic Studies on Nitrosation—Deaminocyclization of Mono‐Carbamoylated Vicinal Amino Alcohols and Diols: A New Preparative in situ Formation of Ethanediazo Hydroxide for the Ethylation of Carboxylates under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Suzuki Masumi , Sugai Takeshi
Published: September 2004

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Selenoxides as Catalysts for the Activation of Hydrogen Peroxide. Bromination of Organic Substrates with Sodium Bromide and Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Goodman Margaret A. , Detty Michael R.
Published: September 2004

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Efficient and Z‐Selective Cross‐Metathesis of Conjugated Enynes.
Authors: Hansen Eric C. , Lee Daesung
Published: September 2004

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Decarboxylative Elimination of Enol Triflates as a General Synthesis of Acetylenes.
Authors: Fleming Ian , Ramarao Chandrashekar
Published: September 2004

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Use of Acid Fluorides Increases the Scope of the Reductive Acylation of Esters.
Authors: Zhang Yongda , Rovis Tomislav
Published: September 2004

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Efficient Photolytic Esterification of Carboxylic Acids with Alcohols in Perhalogenated Methane.
Authors: Hwu Jih Ru , Hsu Chuan‐Yi , Jain Moti L.
Published: September 2004

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CpRuIIPF6/Quinaldic Acid‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Allyl Ether Cleavage. A Simple and Practical Method for Hydroxyl Deprotection.
Authors: Tanaka Shinji , Saburi Hajime , Ishibashi Yoshitaka , Kitamura Masato
Published: September 2004

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Coupling of Butyl Vinyl Tellurides with Metal Acetylides Catalyzed by Nickel Complexes.
Authors: Raminelli Cristiano , Gargalaka Joao Jr. , Silveira Claudio C. , Comasseto Joao V.
Published: September 2004

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Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen versus Vinylic Substitution of Halogen in the Reactions of Carbanions of Halomethyl Aryl Sulfones with Dialkyl Halofumarates and Halomaleates.
Authors: Makosza Mieczyslaw , Nizamov Shamil , Kwast Andrzej
Published: September 2004

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Cyclopropylcarbinyl Radicals as Three‐Carbon Insertion Units: Easy Synthesis of C‐15 Macrocyclic Ketones by Three‐Carbon Ring Expansion.
Authors: Rueedi Georg , Hansen Hans‐Juergen
Published: September 2004

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Convenient Synthesis of Arylpropargyl Aldehydes and 4‐Aryl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ones from Arylacetylenes and Amide Acetals.
Authors: Lee Ka Young , Lee Mi Jung , GowriSankar Saravanan , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: September 2004

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Nitrobenzylation of α‐Carbonyl Ester Derivatives Using TDAE Approach.
Authors: Giuglio‐Tonolo Gamal , Terme Thierry , Medebielle Maurice , Vanelle Patrice
Published: September 2004

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A New Process for the Production of Trimethylhydroquinone.
Authors: Zhu H. , Chen S. Y.
Published: September 2004

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A Novel Asymmetric Vinylogous Tin‐Pummerer Rearrangement.
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Aleman Jose , Padwa Albert
Published: September 2004

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Cross Silyl Benzoin Additions Catalyzed by Lanthanum Tricyanide.
Authors: Bausch Cory C. , Johnson Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2004

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Amido Pincer Complexes of Palladium: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Heck Reaction.
Authors: Huang Mei‐Hui , Liang Lan‐Chang
Published: September 2004

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Interaction with the S1β‐Pocket of Urokinase: 8‐Heterocycle Substituted and 6,8‐Disubstituted 2‐Naphthamidine Urokinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Wendt Michael D. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2004

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Phosphine‐Mediated [4 + 2] Annulation of Bis(enones): A Lewis Base Catalyzed “Mock Diels—Alder” Reaction.
Authors: Couturier Michel , Menard Frederic , Ragan John A. , Riou Maxime , Dauphin Etienne , Andresen Brian M. , Ghosh Arun , Dupont‐Gaudet Kristina , Girardin Melina
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Scoping the Triphasic/PTC Conditions for the Julia—Colonna Epoxidation Reaction.
Authors: Geller Thomas , Krueger Christa M. , Militzer H.‐Christian
Published: September 2004

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Iron(III) Porphyrin Catalyzed Aziridination of Alkenes with Bromamine‐T as Nitrene Source.
Authors: Vyas Renu , Gao Guang‐Yao , Harden Jeremiah D. , Zhang X. Peter
Published: September 2004

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New Asymmetric Halo Aldol Reaction Provides a Novel Approach to Biologically Important Chiral Cycloethers and Cycloamines.
Authors: Timmons Cody , Chen Dianjun , Cannon John F. , Headley Allan D. , Li Guigen
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Vinylogous Mannich Reactions. Additions of Trimethylsilyloxyfuran to Fluorinated Aldimines.
Authors: Spanedda Maria Vittoria , Ourevitch Michele , Crousse Benoit , Begue Jean‐Pierre , Bonnet‐Delpon Daniele
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses of 4‐(1‐Alkynyl)‐2(5H)‐furanones and Coumarins via the Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Potassium Alkynyltrifluoroborates.
Authors: Kabalka George W. , Dong Gang , Venkataiah Bollu
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Yttrium Complexes Bearing Diamidoamine Ligands as Efficient and Diastereoselective Catalysts for the Intramolecular Hydroamination of Alkenes and Alkynes.
Authors: Hultzsch Kai C. , Hampel Frank , Wagner Thomas
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Oxindoles and Benzimidazolinones Derivatives.
Authors: Messaoudi Samir , Sancelme Martine , Polard‐Housset Valerie , Aboab Bettina , Moreau Pascale , Prudhomme Michelle
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Use of Stang′s Reagent, PhI(CN)OTf, to Promote Pummerer‐Like Oxidative Cyclization of 2‐(Phenylthio)indoles.
Authors: Feldman Ken S. , Vidulova Daniela Boneva
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Amberlyst 15 Catalyzed Synthesis of Indole—Pyrazole Based Tri(hetero)arylmethanes.
Authors: Farhanullah Farhanullah , Sharon Ashoke , Maulik Prakas R. , Ram Vishnu Ji
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Identification and Optimization of Novel Partial Agonists of Neuromedin B Receptor Using Parallel Synthesis.
Authors: Shuttleworth Stephen J. , Lizarzaburu Mike E. , Chai Anne , Coward Peter
Published: September 2004

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Synthesis of 1,7‐Annulated Indoles and Their Applications in the Studies of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Zhu Guoxin , et al. et al.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of a New Series of isoxazolinyl Oxazolidinones.
Authors: Weidner‐Wells Michele A. , Werblood Harvey M. , Goldschmidt Raul , Bush Karen , Foleno Barbara D. , Hilliard Jamese J. , Melton John , Wira Ellyn , Macielag Mark J.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Series of Potent and Selective Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Complement Component C1s.
Authors: Subasinghe Nalin L. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2004

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A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Bisazine Derivatives.
Authors: Elassar Abdel‐Zaher Abdel‐Aziz
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mild Electrophilic Halogenation of Chloropyridines Using CCl4 or C2Cl6 under Basic Phase Transfer Conditions.
Authors: Joshi Ashutosh V. , Baidossi Mubeen , Qafisheh Nida , Chachashvili Elsa , Sasson Yoel
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
3‐(7‐Azaindolyl)‐4‐arylmaleimides as Potent, Selective Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3.
Authors: Zhang Han‐Cheng , et al. et al.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Comparison of Inhibitory Activity of Isomeric Triazolopyridine Derivatives Towards Adenosine Receptor Subtypes or Do Similar Structures Reveal Similar Bioactivities?
Authors: Guba Wolfgang , Nettekoven Matthias , Puellmann Bernd , Riemer Claus , Schmitt Sebastien
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselectivity in SNH Reactions of Some 3‐Nitro‐1,5‐naphthyridines with Chloromethyl Phenyl Sulfone.
Authors: Grzegozek Maria , Szpakiewicz Barbara
Published: September 2004

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A Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Alkylidene‐pyrrolo[c]‐1,4‐dioxanes: Synthesis of 3,4‐(cis‐1,2‐Dimethyl)ethylenedioxypyrrole.
Authors: Zong Kyukwan , Abboud Khalil A. , Reynolds John R.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Diacetals from Aldehydes and Ketones with Pentaerythritol Catalyzed by the ZrO2/S2O2‐8 Solid Superacid.
Authors: Jin Tongshou , Yang Mina , Wang Xin , Feng Guoliang , Li Tongshuang
Published: September 2004

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5‐Alkyl‐2‐[(aryl and alkyloxycarbonylmethyl)thio]‐6‐(1‐naphthylmethyl) Pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones as an Unique HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of S‐DABO Series.
Authors: He Yanping , Chen Fener , Sun Guangfu , Wang Yueping , De Clercq Erik , Balzarini Jan , Pannecouque Christophe
Published: September 2004

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Two Simple and Different Approaches to the Synthesis of New 2,4‐Dialkylamino Substituted 6,7‐Dihydro‐5H‐benzocyclohepta[1,2‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Herrera Antonio , Martinez‐Alvarez Roberto , Chioua Rachid , Benabdelouahab Fouad , Chioua Mourad
Published: September 2004

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Microwave‐Assisted Green Chemical Synthesis of Novel Spiro[indole‐pyrido thiazines]: A System Reluctant to Be Formed under Thermal Conditions.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Arya Kapil , Sati Meha , Gautam Sangeeta
Published: September 2004

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Synthesis of Cyclic Peptidosulfonamides by Ring‐Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Brouwer Arwin J. , Liskamp Rob M. J.
Published: September 2004

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A New Method for the Synthesis of Boronate Macrocycles.
Authors: Christinat Nicolas , Scopelliti Rosario , Severin Kay
Published: September 2004

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Palladium Pincer Complex Catalyzed Allylic Stannylation with Hexaalkylditin Reagents.
Authors: Wallner Olov A. , Szabo Kalman J.
Published: September 2004

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New Triterpene Peroxides from Pseudolarix kaempferi.
Authors: Zhou Tianxi , Zhang Huaping , Zhu Nianyong , Chiu Pauline
Published: September 2004

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Novel Routes for the Generation of Structurally Diverse Labdane Diterpenes from Andrographolide.
Authors: Nanduri Srinivas , Nyavanandi Vijay Kumar , Thunuguntla Siva Sanjeeva Rao , Velisoju Mahendar , Kasu Sridevi , Rajagopal Sriram , Kumar R. Ajaya , Rajagopalan R. , Iqbal Javed
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Phakellistatin 13 and Oxidation to Phakellistatin 3 and Isophakellistatin 3.
Authors: Greenman Kevin L. , Hach Dana M. , Van Vranken David L.
Published: September 2004

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Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Glycosyl‐5‐methoxycarbonylisoxazolides from D‐Galactose and D‐Glucose.
Authors: Borrachero Pastora , Cabrera‐Escribano Francisca , Gomez‐Guillen Manuel , Torres M. Isabel
Published: September 2004

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Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Aporphine Utilizing Pictet—Spengler and Intramolecular Phenol ortho‐Arylation Reactions.
Authors: Cuny Gregory D.
Published: September 2004

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3,3′‐Oxybis(dimethoxytrityl chloride) (O‐DMTCl): Synthesis and Applications of a Novel Bifunctional Protecting Group.
Authors: Oka Natsuhisa , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Theodorakis Emmanuel A.
Published: September 2004

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Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Borrelidin (I).
Authors: Nagamitsu Tohru , Takano Daisuke , Fukuda Takeo , Otoguro Kazuhiko , Kuwajima Isao , Harigaya Yoshihiro , Omura Satoshi
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Total Synthesis of Structurally Unique Flavonoids and Their Strong Antiinflammatory Effect.
Authors: Nakatsuka Takashi , Tomimori Yoshiaki , Fukuda Yoshiaki , Nukaya Haruo
Published: September 2004

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Chemie fuer Ahnungslose
Authors: Standhartinger Katherina
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Low‐Silica [Me]AlMCM‐41 (Me: Na, K, Cs, Ca) Mesophases and Corresponding Mesoporous Materials.
Authors: Lang Natacha , Tuel Alain
Published: September 2004

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Fabrication of Magnetically Separable Mesostructured Silica with an Open Pore System.
Authors: Lu An‐Hui , Li Wen‐Cui , Kiefer Andreas , Schmidt Wolfgang , Bill Eckhard , Fink Gerhard , Schueth Ferdi
Published: September 2004

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Hydrothermal Route to InAs Semiconductor Nanocrystals.
Authors: Lu Jun , Wei Shuo , Yu Weichao , Zhang Houbo , Qian Yitai
Published: September 2004

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Nanocrystal and Nanowire Synthesis and Dispersibility in Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Shah Parag S. , Hanrath Tobias , Johnston Keith P. , Korgel Brian A.
Published: September 2004

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Chromium
Authors: Lay P. A. , Levina A.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Scandium and Yttrium
Authors: Fisher K. J.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Sulfone‐Containing Monomers and Polymers Using Cationic Cyclopentadienyliron Complexes
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. , Pereira Nelson M. , Boraie Waleed , McFarlane Shaune L. , Todd Erin K.
Published: September 2004

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Addition Reactions of ROPHy/SOPHy Oxime Ethers: Asymmetric Synthesis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds
Authors: Moody Christopher J.
Published: September 2004

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Construction of Light‐Harvesting Materials
Authors: Kobuke Yoshiaki
Published: September 2004

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Synthetic Methodologies for C‐Nucleosides
Authors: Wu Qinpei , Simons Claire
Published: September 2004

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Ring Closing Metathesis in the Synthesis of Sultones and Sultams
Authors: Karsch Sandra , Freitag Dirk , Schwab Pia , Metz Peter
Published: September 2004

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Current Clinical and Preclinical Photosensitizers for Use in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Detty Michael R. , Gibson Scott L. , Wagner Stephen J.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Substitution Reactions at Boron Atoms in Metallacarboranes
Authors: Bregadze V. I. , Timofeev S. V. , Sivaev I. B. , Lobanova I. A.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heteroscorpionate Ligands Based on Bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane: Design and Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Otero A. , Fernandez‐Baeza J. , Antinolo A. , Tejeda J. , Lara‐Sanchez A.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of Volatile, Fluorine‐Free β‐Ketoiminate Lanthanoid MOCVD Precursors and Their Implementation in Low‐Temperature Growth of Epitaxial CeO2 Buffer Layers for Superconducting Electronics
Authors: Singh Anirudh , Mehrotra Ram C.
Published: September 2004

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Tailor‐Made Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules: From Multilayers to Smart Containers
Authors: Peyratout Claire S. , Daehne Lars
Published: September 2004

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Nanostructured Polymeric Systems as Nanoreactors for Nanoparticle Formation
Authors: Bronstein L. M. , Sidorov S. N. , Valetsky P. M.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cellular localization of activated N‐WASP using a conformation‐sensitive antibody
Authors: Sukumvanich P. , DesMarais V. , Sarmiento C.V. , Wang Y. , Ichetovkin I. , Mouneimne G. , Almo S. , Condeelis J.
Published: September 2004

The main regulators of Arp2/3 activity appear to be N‐WASP and the other members of the Scar/WAVE family of proteins. We show here that after EGF stimulation, N‐WASP is recruited to the nucleation zone of the dynamic leading edge compartment of carcinoma cells, with maximal recruitment of N‐WASP within 1 min after EGF stimulation. The timing of N‐WASP recruitment mirrors the timing of barbed‐end formation at the leading edge. To determine the cellular activation of N‐WASP after EGF stimulation, we made a conformation‐sensitive antibody (CSA) against the CRIB domain of N‐WASP that is predicted to recognize N‐WASP in its open, active conformation, but not in its closed, inactive conformation. The ability of CSA to detect only active N‐WASP was demonstrated by in vitro experiments using immunoprecipitation of active N‐WASP from EGF‐stimulated cells and Cdc42 activation of N‐WASP activity. In cell staining experiments, N‐WASP is maximally accessible to CSA 40 sec after EGF stimulation and this activated N‐WASP is in the nucleation zone. These results indicate that active N‐WASP is present at the leading edge of lamellipods, an unexpected finding given its reported involvement in filopod formation. This work establishes the feasibility of using antibodies directed against specific conformations or epitopes with changing accessibilities as a window on the status and localization of activity. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:141–152, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐dependent diffusion coefficient as a probe of geometry
Authors: Sen Pabitra N.
Published: September 2004

This is a tutorial describing how the time‐dependent diffusion coefficientD(t) of mobile molecules confined in pores or cells carries information about the confining geometry. At early times,D(t) =D0[1 − (4/9$\sqrt{\pi}$)(S/Vp)$\sqrt{D_{0}t}$] gives, irrespective of details, the pore surface to volume ratio (S/Vp), which is a measure of microscopic length. HereD0is the bulk unrestricted diffusion coefficient. At long times,D(t) reaches a limiting valueD0/α at a rate that depends on macroscopic length scales characteristic of the medium. The geometrical parameter “tortuosity” α plays an important role in various transport processes in porous media, such as the electrical conductivity. Extensions of these concepts to permeable pore walls, fluid identification by combining diffusion with relaxation, restricted diffusion in inhomogeneous magnetic fields leading to edge enhancement, and fractal surfaces are briefly described. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 23A: 1–21, 2004
The effect of field modulation on a simple resonance line shape
Authors: Nielsen Robert D. , Robinson Bruce H.
Published: September 2004

The Lorentzian line shape is the most basic line shape found in field swept continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR). CW EPR employs Zeeman field modulation for detection purposes. The absorption signal at the first harmonic of modulation is the standard CW EPR signal. Under weak modulation conditions the first harmonic in‐phase absorption signal is equivalent to the derivative of the unmodulated Lorentzian line shape. When the field modulation amplitude is appreciable, the distorted first harmonic absorption line shape can still be expressed by a simple analytic formula, as long as the modulation frequency is sufficiently low. We state this often‐overlooked formula for the first harmonic signal, and exhibit its extension to arbitrary harmonics. Certain commonly used properties of the weak modulation (derivative Lorentzian) spectrum, such as the peak‐to‐peak height dependence on microwave power, are also stated in a form that fully takes account of the modulation amplitude. These analytic expressions are compared to numerical simulations of a version of the Bloch equation that contains modulation explicitly. A simple experimental example of overmodulation is also provided to show how the analytic formulas quantitatively account for the effects of modulation amplitude. The impact of modulation on the interpretation of EPR spectra is important given the frequent use of overmodulation when sample concentrations are low, such as in biological EPR studies. The simple analytic formulas demonstrated here are limited by the same physical considerations that limit applicability of the Lorentzian line shape. However, because the Lorentzian line shape is often appealed to in the interpretation of EPR spectra, its simple extension to the regime of appreciable modulation offers valuable insight. For example, the observation that the doubly integrated intensity of the first harmonic absorption spectrum has microwave power dependence that is insensitive to modulation amplitude is demonstrated explicitly. In contrast, the standard formula for the microwave power dependence of the first harmonic peak‐to‐peak absorption height is modified in a nontrivial way when the modulation amplitude is included. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 23A: 38–48, 2004
Use of inferior vena caval filters and survival in patients with malignancy
Authors: Wallace Michael J. , Jean James L. , Gupta Sanjay , Eapen George A. , Johnson Marcella M. , Ahrar Kamran , Madoff David C. , Morello Frank A. , Murthy Ravi , Hicks Marshall E.
Published: September 2004

BACKGROUND

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters have proven to be a viable alternative to anticoagulation therapy for the prevention of life‐threatening pulmonary emboli (PE) for patients who have contraindications to anticoagulation therapy. The clinical benefit of placing IVC filters in patients with advanced‐stage cancer is controversial. The current study reported the authors' experience with IVC filters in patients with cancer.

METHODS

Between January 2000 and May 2003, IVC filters were placed in 308 patients with venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease. Of these patients, 267 had solid tumors and 41 had liquid tumors. Outcome was reviewed retrospectively with regards to patient survival as well as procedural and filter‐related complications. Patients with solid and liquid tumors were used to generate Kaplan–Meier estimates for survival and the probability of surviving 30, 90, and 365 days was also calculated. The prognostic effect of age, primary malignancy, gender, extent of disease, indication, admission to the intensive care unit, and IVC thrombus on overall survival was also evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox models for patients with solid tumors.

RESULTS

The median survival periods for patients with solid and liquid tumors were 145 days and 207 days, respectively. The probability of survival at 30, 90, and 365 days was 0.81, 0.60, and 0.35, respectively, for patients with solid tumors and 0.85, 0.67, and 0.48, respectively, for patients with liquid tumors. There was no statistically significant difference in survival based on primary malignancy for solid tumors (P = 0.628) or between solid and liquid tumors (P = 0.16). For patients with solid tumors, a statistically significant difference in survival was found by extent of disease (P = 0.002). Patients with solid tumors classified as local disease (n = 15), locally advanced disease (n = 95), and widely metastatic or disseminated disease (n = 153) had a probability of survival at 30 days of 0.93, 0.87, and 0.76, respectively. Compared with patients with local disease, patients with metastatic or disseminated disease were 3.7 times more likely to die (P = 0.013). Patients with a history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and hemorrhage were 2 times more likely to die than patients with DVT and no history of hemorrhage (P = 0.0057). Documented complications occurred in 22 of 308 (7.1%) patients and included PE (n = 4), new caval thrombosis (n = 14), retroperitoneal hemorrhage (n = 2), and maldeployed filters (n = 2).

CONCLUSIONS

IVC filters were shown to be safe and highly effective in preventing PE‐related deaths in patients with cancer with VTE disease. Patients with a history of DVT and bleeding or metastatic/disseminated stage of disease had the lowest survival after IVC filter placement. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Projections from the superior colliculus to the trigeminal system and facial nucleus in the rat
Authors: Dauvergne Céline , Ndiaye Awa , Buisseret‐Delmas Catherine , Buisseret Pierre , Vanderwerf Frans , Pinganaud Gabrielle
Published: September 2004

To determine the influence of the superior colliculus (SC) in orienting behaviors, we examined SC projections to the sensory trigeminal complex, the juxtatrigeminal region, and the facial motor nucleus in rats. Anterograde tracer experiments in the SC demonstrated predominantly contralateral colliculotrigeminal projections. Microinjections in the deep layers of the lateral portion showed labeled nerve fibers and terminals in the ventromedial parts of the caudal principal nucleus and of the rostral oral subnucleus and in the medial part of the interpolar subnucleus. Some terminals were also observed in the juxtatrigeminal region and in the dorsolateral part of the facial motor nucleus contralaterally, overlying the orbicularis oculi motoneuronal region. Verification by retrograde tracer injections into the trigeminal target regions showed labeled SC neurons mostly in lateral portions of layers 4–7. When the juxtatrigeminal region was involved, a remarkable increase of labeled neurons was observed, having a patch‐like arrangement with a decreasing gradient from lateral to medial SC portions. Retrograde tracer injections in the dorsolateral VII nucleus showed bilateral labeled neurons mainly in the deep lateral SC portion. Retrograde BDA microinjections into the same trigeminal or juxtatrigeminal regions, followed by gold‐HRP into the dorsolateral VII nucleus, demonstrated a significant number of SC neurons in deep layers 6–7 projecting to both structures by axon collaterals. These neurons are mediolaterally grouped in patches along the rostrocaudal SC extent; a subset of them are immunoreactive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). They could be involved in the coordination of facial movements. Simultaneous anterograde and retrograde tracer injections into the lateral SC portion and the VII nucleus respectively localized trigeminofacial neurons receiving collicular input in the trigeminal principal nucleus and pars oralis. Therefore the SC should play a crucial role in regulating motor programs of both eye and eyelid movements. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:233–247, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topological FEM method for the analysis of time‐varying structures
Authors: Zhiyuan Cao , Gang Liang , Shougao Tang
Published: September 2004

A topological FEM method, in which a structure topological theory is applied to a FEM system, is presented in this paper. The method uses FEM solutions of a structure before any change to obtain the new response of changed structure, avoids re‐calculations from changing the FEM system, and reduces the amount of calculation work on a large scale. It is a new method for time‐varying calculation in construction and technical analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between cohesive zone models
Authors: Volokh K. Y.
Published: September 2004

Cohesive zone models (CZMs) are widely used for numerical simulation of the fracture process. Cohesive zones are surfaces of discontinuities where displacements jump. A specific constitutive law relating the displacement jumps and proper tractions defines the cohesive zone model. Within the cohesive zone approach crack nucleation, propagation, and arrest are a natural outcome of the theory. The latter is in contrast to the traditional approach of fracture mechanics where stress analysis is separated from a description of the actual process of material failure.

The common wisdom says that only cohesive strength—the maximum stress on the traction–separation curve—and the separation work—the area under the traction–separation curve—are important in setting a CZM while the shape of the traction–separation curve is subsidiary. It is shown in our note that this rule may not be correct and a specific shape of the cohesive zone model can significantly affect results of the fracture analysis. For this purpose four different cohesive zone models—bilinear, parabolic, sinusoidal, and exponential—are compared by using a block‐peel test, which allows for simple analytical solutions. Numerical performance of the cohesive zone models is considered. It appears that the convergence properties of nonlinear finite element analyses are similar for all four CZMs in the case of the block‐peel test. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instability and reaction‐diffusion transport of bacteria
Authors: Lewis Roland W. , Pao William K. S. , Yang Xin‐She
Published: September 2004

Bacterial transport in saturated–unsaturated soils is an important process in environmental science and hydrology. A mechanistic model for bacterial transport in geomaterials is presented here. The model equations comprise a pair of fully coupled non‐linear parabolic partial differential equations that describe the concentration of microbes in the liquid water and solid surfaces. The model equations not only describe the bacteria sorption and desorption processes, but also take into account the retention of bacteria at the liquid–water interface and the dynamic reproduction characteristics of the bacteria. The instability and travelling waves for the coupled equations are analysed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification and crystal growth of TlBr for application as a radiation detector
Authors: Oliveira I. B. , Chubaci J. F. D. , Armelin M. J. A. , Hamada M. M.
Published: September 2004

Thallium bromide is a semiconductor compound with high atomic number and density. It has a CsCl‐type simple cubic crystal structure and it is non‐hygroscopics. The TlBr crystals are relatively soft with a knoop hardness number of 12. In this work, the TlBr commercial powder was purified by zone refining and the purest material section was used for crystal growth by Bridgman method. Efforts have been concentrated on the purification of the TlBr. The purification efficiency has been evaluated (NAA and ICP‐MS) by impurities reduction results after zone refining passes. The crystalline quality was evaluated by X‐ray diffraction. The characterized TlBr crystal as a detector has shown good response to gamma radiation. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of floating zone profiles in materials grown by the laser‐heated pedestal growth technique under isostatic atmosphere
Authors: Reyes Ardila D. , Vergara Cofré L. , Barbosa L. B. , Andreeta J. P.
Published: September 2004

The analysis of the melt profile in floating zone techniques has been made in the past years by raising differential equations in terms of Cartesian coordinates and numerically looking for its solution. Although this method permits to establish quite good approximations to the real melt profile, the solutions are deficient in the prediction of new information that can be related to the thermophysical properties of most materials. We investigated the applicability of a different approach that starting from a novel differential equation permits its fitting to the profile of a real situation and also the determination of some important growth parameters like the range of shape stability. Results concerning melt profiles of materials grown under controlled atmosphere are reported. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects in B–doped KDP crystals irradiated with neutrons of large spectra energy
Authors: Fischfeld G. , Affranchino A. , Di Loreto A. , Rocco C.
Published: September 2004

The results obtained for the r63 electro‐optic coefficient of B‐doped and undoped KDP (KH2PO4) crystals irradiated with neutrons (including thermalized neutrons) produced by scattering of 30 Mev cyclotron protons on a target of Ta201, are presented and compared to those obtained for non‐irradiated doped and undoped crystals. The B‐doped (H3BO3, Na2B4O7 and Li2B4O7) crystals were obtained by the conventional growth method by temperature decrease with 1 wt % dopant concentration in solution. The thermal neutron flux was around ϕ = 1. 1010 n/cm2 s. Pulses of ∼15 μs long, in damped oscillatory mode (V= 8 kV, τ=1.95 μs) were used for the electro‐optic measurements. A Pockels cell, a photomultiplier, a He‐Ne laser (λ=632.8 nm, 5 mW, linearly polarized) and a Tk 720 A oscilloscope complete the experimental setup. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantum transport, quantum effects and circuit functionality of nanostructured electronic circuits
Authors: Mathis W. , Felgenhauer F. , Fabel S.
Published: September 2004

This paper presents a discussion of the impact of quantum effects to classical circuits. We will provide you with a brief introduction to our developed numerical tools to simulate electron tunnelling and energy discretization in MOS structures. Regarding these results a few arguments for simulating circuits including these effects will be given. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CNN‐based trajectory analysis of flagellar bacteria for nanoscale motion control
Authors: Bucolo Maide , Basile Adriano , Fortuna Luigi , Frasca Mattia
Published: September 2004

Nanotechnology finds in flagellar bacteria an uncomparable example of a very efficient and miniaturized motor. This and the complex behaviour of the bacteria colonies growth in a self‐organized way make the study of flagellar bacteria very important and appealing for possible applications. This brief paper presents an innovative point of view: instead of designing nanoscale devices the control of flagellar bacteria is an alternative solution for nanoscale problems. For these reasons in this work single bacterium motion and colonies growth have been studied by applying non‐linear methods in order to characterize their behaviour and control it. The characterization of the single bacterium motion leads to the conclusion that determinism (due to chemotaxis) is predominant with respect to random terms. This result is confirmed by the possibility of modelling the case study of colonies growth through an activation/inhibition dynamics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic and perinatal factors as risk for childhood type 1 diabetes
Authors: Larsson Karin , Elding‐Larsson Helena , Cederwall Elisabeth , Kockum Karin , Neiderud Jan , Sjöblad Sture , Lindberg Bengt , Lernmark Barbro , Cilio Corrado , Ivarsson Sten‐A. , Lernmark Åke
Published: September 2004

The mechanisms by which gestational infections, blood incompatibility, birth weight, mother's age and other prenatal or neonatal events increase the risk for type 1 diabetes are not understood. Studies so far have been retrospective, and there is a lack of population‐based prospective studies. The possibility of identifying children at type 1 diabetes risk among first‐degree relatives has resulted in prospective studies aimed at identifying postnatal events associated with the appearance of autoantibody markers for type 1 diabetes and a possible later onset of diabetes. However, the majority (85%) of new onset type 1 diabetes children do not have a first‐degree relative with the disease. Population‐based studies are therefore designed to prospectively analyse pregnant mothers and their offspring. One such study is DiPiS (Diabetes Prediction in Skåne), which is examining a total of about 10 000 pregnancies expected every year in the Skåne (Scania) region of Sweden that has 1.1 million inhabitants. Blood samples from all mothers in this region are obtained during pregnancy and at the time of delivery. Cord blood is analysed for HLA high‐risk alleles and for autoantibodies against the 65 kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), the protein tyrosine phosphatase–related IA‐2 antigen (IA‐2A) and insulin (IAA) as a measure of prenatal autoimmune exposure. Identifying high‐risk children by genetic, autoimmune and gestational risk factors followed by prospective analyses will make it possible to test the hypothesis that gestational events may trigger beta cell autoimmunity as a prerequisite for childhood type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cognitive deficits responsible for developmental dyslexia: Review of evidence for a selective visual attentional disorder
Authors: Valdois Sylviane , Bosse Marie‐Line , Tainturier Marie‐Josèphe
Published: September 2004

There is strong converging evidence suggesting that developmental dyslexia stems from a phonological processing deficit. However, this hypothesis has been challenged by the widely admitted heterogeneity of the dyslexic population, and by several reports of dyslexic individuals with no apparent phonological deficit. In this paper, we discuss the hypothesis that a phonological deficit may not be the only core deficit in developmental dyslexia and critically examine several alternative proposals. To establish that a given cognitive deficit is causally related to dyslexia, at least two conditions need to be fulfilled. First, the hypothesized deficit needs to be associated with developmental dyslexia independently of additional phonological deficits. Second, the hypothesized deficit must predict reading ability, on both empirical and theoretical grounds. While most current hypotheses fail to fulfil these criteria, we argue that the visual attentional deficit hypothesis does. Recent studies providing evidence for the independence of phonological and visual attentional deficits in developmental dyslexia are reviewed together with empirical data showing that phonological and visual attentional processing skills contribute independently to reading performance. A theoretical model of reading is outlined in support of a causal link between a visual attentional disorder and a failure in reading acquisition. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of the Steric Bulk of the Ligand on the Geometry of the Species Self‐Assembled from CoIII Bis(dioximates) and Boronic Acids
Authors: Dreos Renata , Nardin Giorgio , Randaccio Lucio , Siega Patrizia , Scagliola Silvia , Tauzher Giovanni
Published: September 2004

The synthesis and characterization of the products of the reactions between the bis(diphenylglyoximato)cobalt(III) complexes [Co(CH3)(dpgH)2L] [L = py or H2O; dpgH2 = bis(diphenylglyoxime)] and 4‐pyridinylboronic acid (1) and 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (2) are described. The crystals of both 1 and 2 are built up by dimeric units arranged on a crystallographic symmetry center, so that the 4‐pyridinyl (in 1) or the 3‐aminophenyl residue (in 2) of one moiety coordinates to the Co atom of the symmetry‐related unit. 1H NMR spectra show that both 1 and 2 are stable in solution in aprotic solvents: they do not dissociate and are not in equilibrium with species having different nuclearity. The geometry of 1 is very similar to that of the species assembled from the corresponding bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(III) complex and 4‐pyridinylboronic acid. On the contrary, the replacement of the methyls by phenyls prevents the trimeric arrangement previously found in the supramolecular species assembled from methylcobaloxime and 3‐aminophenylboronic acid and leads to the dimeric species 2. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Formation of VN from VCl4 and NH(SiMe3)2 by APCVD − a Potential Solar Control Coating
Authors: Newport Anne , Carmalt Claire J. , Parkin Ivan P. , O’Neill Shane A.
Published: September 2004

Vanadium nitride thin films have been synthesised by the reaction of vanadium(IV) chloride with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) under atmospheric pressure (AP)CVD conditions at 300−550 °C. The films deposited have good optical characteristics and low electrical resistivities. These films were not scratched off the glass substrate by a steel stylus and were not degraded by immersion in a range of solvents. X‐ray diffraction showed an NaCl‐type cubic cell with a = 4.102(1)−4.127(1) Å, dependent on the sample. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the films have a V/N ratio close to unity. For comparison, films were also deposited by the APCVD reaction of VOCl3 with HMDS. These films consist of mixed phases of vanadium oxynitride and V2O3. The VN films show properties suitable for use as solar control coatings. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)