bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative proteomics and phosphoproteomics profiling on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cell
Authors: Ning Tingting , Ning Caiyu , Li Siwei , Mo Chuzi , Liu Zhao , Wang He
Published: August 2022

This study aims to elucidate the phosphorylated profile of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) osteogenic differentiation, which contributes to the promotion of periodontium regeneration. PDLSCs cultured in the osteogenic induction medium for 14 days were analyzed by proteomics and phosphoproteomics. Potential functions of phosphorylated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were annotated and enriched based on Gene Ontology (GO). Furtherly, overlapped DEPs were identified and conducted protein–protein interaction (PPI) network united with the top 20 up/downregulated phosphorylated DEPs. Hub phosphorylated DEPs were analyzed by Cytoscape, and the protein kinase phosphorylation network was predicted by iGPS. Proteomics identified 87 upregulated and 227 downregulated DEPs. Phosphoproteomics identified 460 upregulated and 393 downregulated phosphorylated DEPs, and they were primarily enriched in mitochondrial function and ion‐channel related terms. Furthermore, 63 overlapped DEPs were recognized for more accurate predictions. Among the top 10 hub phosphorylated DEPs, only Integrin alpha‐5 (ITGA5) expressed upregulated phosphorylation, and half of them belonged to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. In addition, numerous kinases corresponding to four interactive hub phosphorylated DEPs were predicted, including Collagen alpha‐2(I) (COL1A2), Syndecan‐1 (SDC1), Fibrillin‐1 (FBN1), and ITGA5. Our findings established a basis for further elucidation of the phosphorylation of PDLSCs osteogenic differentiation, and COL1A2/SDC1/ITGA5/FBN1 phosphorylated network may dominate this process.
A framework to understand the social impacts of agricultural trade
Authors: Schaafsma Marije , Dreoni Ilda , Ayompe Lacour Mody , Egoh Benis , Ekayana Dewa Putu , Favareto Arilson , Mumbunan Sonny , Nakagawa Louise , Ngouhouo‐poufoun Jonas , Sassen Marieke , Uehara Thiago Kanashiro , Matthews Zoe
Published: August 2022

While international trade in agricultural commodities can spur economic development especially where governance is strong, there are also concerns about the local impacts of commodity production and their distribution. Previous frameworks have primarily focused on trade effects on environmental conditions in production regions, as well as economic growth and food security. Instead, we develop a conceptual framework for understanding the impact of agricultural trade on multidimensional wellbeing and equity. The purpose of the framework is to guide the analysis of the impacts of trade on people, by identifying the core concepts and organising the complexity of the local social impacts of global value chains. The framework is supported by evidence from studies on trade in soy, coffee, cocoa, and palm oil.
Towards sustainable development in the European Union countries: Does economic complexity affect renewable and non‐renewable energy consumption?
Authors: Can Muhlis , Ahmed Zahoor
Published: August 2022

Energy insecurity and unsustainable development associated with traditional energy consumption are major challenges for nations. In this context, finding the different parameters that could influence energy use is essential for sustainable development strategies. Unquestionably, the economic structure of nations can influence energy usage; however, the limited literature on this topic delved into the impact of economic complexity on non‐renewable energy usage. Hence, this study extends the literature and tests the effect of knowledge‐based economic structure (economic complexity) on renewable and non‐renewable energy consumption in 14 European Union countries from 1990 to 2017 using the methods robust against both heterogeneity and cross‐sectional dependence. The long‐run empirical results established that economic complexity increases renewable energy and decreases non‐renewable energy use. Also, economic complexity Granger causes non‐renewable energy while feedback effect exists between renewable energy and economic complexity. Based on the results, policies are discussed for promoting sustainable growth.
Abundant Material Consumption Based on a Learning Curve for Photovoltaic toward Net‐Zero Emissions by 2050
Authors: Underwood Robert , Kim Moonyong , Drury Storm , Zhang Yuchao , Wang Li , Chan Catherine , Hallam Brett
Published: August 2022

The global cumulative photovoltaic (PV) installed capacity is now over 1 TW. While this is an impressive amount of PV growth, it contributes less than 3% of total electricity generation and, therefore, requires significantly more PV to decarbonize the electricity sector completely. In order to achieve this decarbonization sustainably, all factors must be considered, including the extraction and purification of abundant materials. Based on conservative and ambitious future PV production scenarios and learning rate (LR) for material consumption reduction, the material demands for the future are projected. The concept of LR is applied to estimate the reduced material consumption based on the “maturity” of PV technology or the cumulative installed PV capacity. Herein, it is suggested that abundant materials like copper, concrete, and aluminum may face shortages if PV production follows the broad electrification scenario. Steel, in comparison, likely does not encounter any material shortages. Nevertheless, the work here demonstrates that the demand for even abundant materials should be minimized to decarbonize energy usage and mitigate climate change sustainably.
Effect of the Slag Composition on the Process Behavior, Energy Consumption, and Nonmetallic Inclusions during Electroslag Remelting
Authors: Schneider Reinhold , Wiesinger Valentin , Gelder Siegfried , Reiter Gerhard
Published: August 2022

Electroslag remelting (ESR) is an important process to produce high‐quality tool steels. The slag composition has a strong effect on the remelting behavior, particularly on energy consumption and the removal of nonmetallic inclusions (NMI). The latter aspect is strongly related to chemical reactions between the slag and the metal and determines the necessary composition of the slag. Also, the electrical conductivity of the slag is determined by the slag composition, and a high resistivity is desirable. The effect of different slag compositions with 0%–60% CaF2 and a corresponding wide range of electrical conductivities is investigated regarding slag movement, slag surface temperature, and slag skin thickness, as well as their impact on chemical reactions and the removal of NMI. Therefore, a laboratory‐scale ESR unit and the plastic mold steel X40Cr14 are used for the experimental trials. The results show a strong impact on the remelting behavior as well as on the specific energy consumption ranging from ≈900 to over 1700 kWh h−1. The findings from the chemical analysis and detection of NMI indicate that a similar metallurgical behavior is feasible, leading to comparable amounts of dominantly Al2O3–MgO‐type inclusions with some variation due to different activities in the slag.
Experimental and numerical studies on mechanical behavior of stiffened concrete‐filled square steel tube columns subjected to axial compression
Authors: Sun Yanyan , Xu Jing , Zuo Gong
Published: August 2022

In this study, nine square concrete‐filled steel tubular (SCFST) columns considering longitudinal stiffeners as parameters were produced to investigate the axial compression mechanical properties of SCFST columns in the condition of constant steel consumption. This included one specimen without stiffeners, three specimens stiffened with one stiffener on each tube wall, two specimens stiffened with two stiffeners on each tube wall, two specimens stiffened with three stiffeners on each tube wall and one specimen stiffened with four stiffeners on each tube wall. Simultaneously, numerical simulations were performed under identical conditions using ABAQUS software. The results showed that the longitudinal stiffeners can act as an out‐of‐plane restriction support to delay the development of local buckling of the steel tube, which indirectly improved the constraint effect of steel tube on core concrete. First, both the number of local buckling and the ultimate displacement of the specimens grew correspondingly when the number of stiffeners increased. As the sub‐wall width‐to‐thickness ratio was increased, the steel tube became prone to local buckling. Second, the installation of stiffeners decreased the confinement effect of steel tube on the core concrete, in which the sub‐wall width‐to‐thickness ratio and the stiffener width‐to‐thickness ratio had a great influence on the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimens. Further, the experimental outcomes indicated that the bearing capacity of stiffened specimens was less than that of the unstiffened specimen. The bearing capacity of the specimens stiffened with three and four stiffeners was higher than that of the specimens stiffened with one and two stiffeners. Third, the stiffener width‐to‐thickness ratio had a considerable impact on the ductility of the specimens. The ductility of specimens stiffened with one and two stiffeners was greater than that of the specimens stiffened with three and four stiffeners. Finally, the finite element simulations were consistent with the experimental process. The confinement factor of stiffened specimens became enlarged when either the number of stiffeners in the same thickness condition increased or the thickness of steel tube wall under condition of the same number of stiffeners grew.
Sparse kernel models provide optimization of training set design for genomic prediction in multiyear wheat breeding data
Authors: Lopez‐Cruz Marco , Dreisigacker Susanne , Crespo‐Herrera Leonardo , Bentley Alison R , Singh Ravi , Poland Jesse , Shrestha Sandesh , Huerta‐Espino Julio , Govindan Velu , Juliana Philomin , Mondal Suchismita , Pérez‐Rodríguez Paulino , Crossa Jose
Published: August 2022

The success of genomic selection (GS) in breeding schemes relies on its ability to provide accurate predictions of unobserved lines at early stages. Multigeneration data provides opportunities to increase the training data size and thus, the likelihood of extracting useful information from ancestors to improve prediction accuracy. The genomic best linear unbiased predictions (GBLUPs) are performed by borrowing information through kinship relationships between individuals. Multigeneration data usually becomes heterogeneous with complex family relationship patterns that are increasingly entangled with each generation. Under these conditions, historical data may not be optimal for model training as the accuracy could be compromised. The sparse selection index (SSI) is a method for training set (TRN) optimization, in which training individuals provide predictions to some but not all predicted subjects. We added an additional trimming process to the original SSI (trimmed SSI) to remove less important training individuals for prediction. Using a large multigeneration (8 yr) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield dataset (n = 68,836), we found increases in accuracy as more years are included in the TRN, with improvements of ∼0.05 in the GBLUP accuracy when using 5 yr of historical data relative to when using only 1 yr. The SSI method showed a small gain over the GBLUP accuracy but with an important reduction on the TRN size. These reduced TRNs were formed with a similar number of subjects from each training generation. Our results suggest that the SSI provides a more stable ranking of genotypes than the GBLUP as the TRN becomes larger.
BDNF mediates improvement in cognitive performance after computerized cognitive training in healthy older adults
Authors: Nicastri Casey M. , McFeeley Brittany M. , Simon Sharon S. , Ledreux Aurélie , Håkansson Krister , Granholm Ann‐Charlotte , Mohammed Abdul H. , Daffner Kirk R.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The often‐cited mechanism linking brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to cognitive health has received limited experimental study. There is evidence that cognitive training, physical exercise, and mindfulness meditation may improve cognition. Here, we investigated whether improvements in cognition after these three types of structured interventions are facilitated by increases in BDNF.

Methods

A total of 144 heathy older adults completed a 5‐week intervention involving working memory/cognitive training, physical exercise, mindfulness meditation, or an active control condition. Serum BDNF levels and Digit Symbol Test (DST) performance were measured pre‐ and post‐intervention.

Results

Linear mixed models suggested that only the cognitive training group demonstrated augmentation of BDNF and DST performance relative to the control condition. Path analysis revealed that changes in BDNF mediate intervention‐related improvement in task performance. Regression analyses showed that, across all intervention conditions, increased BDNF levels were associated with increased DST scores.

Discussion

This study appears to be the first to suggest that BDNF helps mediate improvements in cognition after working memory training in healthy older adults.

Highlights

Older adults were randomized to physical activity, mindfulness, cognitive training (computerized cognitive training (CCT), or control.

CCT, but no other condition, led to increased serum brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels.

CCT led to improvement on the untrained Digit Symbol Test (DST) of speed/working memory.

Path analysis: increases in BDNF mediate intervention‐related improvement on DST.

Increases in BDNF associated with improved DST across all experimental groups.
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR INDUCES PROTEIN KINASE C (PKC)‐DEPENDENT Akt/PKB ACTIVATION AND PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3′‐KINASE‐MEDIATED PKCδ PHOSPHORYLATION: ROLE OF PKC IN ANGIOGENESIS
Authors: Gliki Georgia , Wheeler‐Jones Caroline , Zachary Ian
Published: August 2022

Activation of the protein kinase Akt/PKB mediates VEGF‐dependent endothelial cell survival and eNOS activation. Here we examined the role of PKC in mediating VEGF‐induced Akt activation. The PKC inhibitors GF109203X and calphostin C inhibited VEGF‐induced Akt activation. Rottlerin and Go6976, inhibitors with specificities for PKCδ and α, respectively, also strongly inhibited VEGF‐induced Akt activation. VEGF‐induced Akt activation was prevented by down‐regulation of PKC induced by prolonged pretreatment with the phorbol ester, PMA. VEGF induced phosphorylation of PKCδ at Thr 505 in the activation loop, and this phosphorylation was inhibited by LY294002, suggesting that modulation of PKCδ activation by VEGF occurs distal to phosphatidylinositol 3′‐kinase. PKC and PI3K inhibitors both strongly reduced the stimulation of branching tubulogenesis by VEGF in vitro. The finding that PKC mediates VEGF‐induced Akt activation identifies a novel signal transduction pathway through which Akt can be regulated by growth factors acting through receptor protein tyrosine kinases, and indicates that PKC‐mediated Akt activity may play an essential role in VEGF‐stimulated angiogenesis.
SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE SURFACE OF RAT ISLET β CELLS
Authors: Konidaris Constantinos , Simonson Will , Michelsen Birgitte , Papadopoulos George K.
Published: August 2022

Type 1 diabetes arises from the autoimmune destruction of islet β cells, with the participation of both arms of the immune system. To better characterize the β cell membrane, we have raised monoclonal antibodies to the surface of the INS‐1 insulinoma cell line. Twenty‐two such antibodies were produced, 21 of the IgG class, all reactive to different cell membrane proteins from INS‐1 and neonatal islet cells, yielding identical electrophoresis patterns, with molecular weights mainly between 45 and 60kD. We have focused on three such antibodies that recognize different protein targets, and are specific for islet β cells. The target protein of antibody AA4, also found on monkey islets, is expressed at significantly higher levels on β cells (55.8 vs 30.6% of cells, plus 3–4 fold increase in average fluorescence intensity per cell) when neonatal rat islet cells are incubated with high (16mM vs 3mM) glucose concentrations. Further identification of the target antigens is in progress and is expected to shed more light on the properties of β cell membrane proteins, and their probable participation in various disease processes.
Contested Urban Green Space Development: Rolling Back the Frontiers of Sustainability in Trondheim, Norway
Authors: Loewen Bradley , Larssæther Stig , Gohari-Krangsås Savis , Vinge Heidi , Temeljotov-Salaj Alenka
Published: August 2022

Ongoing urban densification in Nordic regions raises sustainability trade-offs related to compactness, land use and urban green space. In Norway, green spaces comprising both natural and agricultural areas are highly valued cultural landscapes protected by the status of ‘green structure’. Yet, neoliberal development forces put pressure on urban green spaces, potentially exacerbating social inequalities and challenging governance structures formally oriented towards sustainability. In the case of Trondheim, Norway, competing priorities under development pressures unfold in the upholding of urban green space strategies and public values between core and periphery areas. Based on interviews, popular media and policy analysis, this contribution uses the multi-actor perspective to compare two current cases of urban development in green areas in terms of shifting public discourses. The first covers development in the urban fringe, where land reserved for agricultural use succumbs to suburban development pressure. The second turns to development in urban green space at the central university campus, used by the public for parkland and recreation, which bowed to public pressure. The examples point to differing values regarding urban green space in core versus periphery areas that materialise in public opposition, triggering debate and institutional review. Compared to state and market sectors, the community sector is shown to be underrepresented in the processes shaping the development proposals, while citizen engagement is a determining factor in shifting public discourse. Results show the need for collaborative governance structures across sectors, using intermediaries, to support a deeper understanding and integration of multiple perspectives in the shaping and negotiation of local sustainability discourses.
Paradigms and the research report: Making what actually happens a heuristic for theory
Authors: Trickett Edison J.
Published: August 2022

Conclusion

The contention is that in providing an account of the intervention process beyond the usual parameters of reporting, Weinstein and her colleagues have helped bring to the fore issues in the conduct and reporting of intervention research which are anomalous to most current theories and accounts. Taken seriously, the issues openly discussed could provide a useful step toward reducing the discrepancy between how we carry out interventions and how we say we carry out interventions. Through attempts to incorporate these issues into theory, we increase the verisimilitude of our ideas and develop a more differentiated filter for our community work. If, as Cronbach asserts, “social science is cumulative, not in possessing ever‐more refined answers about fixed questions, but in possessing an ever‐richer repertoire of questions” (1986, p. 91), accounts such as those provided by Weinstein and her colleagues can indeed serve as a heuristic for theory by telling it like it was.
Bactericidal activity of certain fatty acids
Authors: Karabinos J. V. , Ferlin H. J.
Published: August 2022

Fatty acids in the C9 to C12 range are bactericidal to a number of different organisms, and this activity is markedly enhanced with increasing acidity. Optimum bactericidal activity toStaphylococcus aureus was exhibited by undecylic acid. Since the activity is of the same order as that of the quaternary ammonium germicides in alkaline solution, an explanation for both types of germicidal activity is presented in which the bacteria or some protein essential to the bacteria are considered to be “suffocated” by a “coating” of fatty groups in chemical combination with the protein.

The application of these findings to bactericidal activity encountered in rancid fats is discussed briefly in connection with the oxidative degradation of oleic acid derivatives to pelargonic acid. In addition, the possible usefulness of the bactericidal activity as a microbiological assay method for certain fatty acids is pointed out.
A laboratory tool to study the plodding characteristics of soap formulations
Authors: Hebenstreit C. O. , Glynn E. P.
Published: August 2022

A simplified laboratory size scale technique has been outlined for use in the study of plodding characteristics and changes therein due to formulative variations. The quantity of product needed for evaluation being in the range of 50 to 100 g.
Sources of color in soybean “lecithin”
Authors: Scholfield C. R. , Dutton Herbert J.
Published: August 2022

The color of soybean lecithin is due to carotenoids, brown pigments, and occasionally porphyrins. In the water‐washing of crude oil xanthophylls are preferentially removed with the gums, and carotene is practically absent in lecithin. Lutein is the principal carotenoid, comprising about three‐quarters of the carotenoids in lecithin. Hydrogen peroxide bleaching destroys all the color to some extent, but by far the greater effect is on the carotenoids.

The brown color is very likely an aldehyde amine reaction product. It is largely formed by heating of the oil during the solvent‐stripping operation. It is not increased by drying the gums under vacuum for 3 hours at 80°C. but it is increased on heating at 100° C. under the same conditions. The formation of the brown color is not prevented by removal of free sugars or by hydrogenation of the lecithin.
A 4D IIB flux vacuum and supersymmetry breaking. Part I. Fermionic spectrum
Authors: Mourad J. , Sagnotti A.
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We consider the type-IIB supergravity vacua that include an internal T5, depend on a single coordinate r and respect a four-dimensional Poincaré symmetry, with the aim of highlighting low-energy spectra with broken supersymmetry and a bounded string coupling. These vacua are characterized by the flux Φ of the self-dual five form in the internal torus, the length ℓ of the interval described by the coordinate r, a dilaton profile that is inevitably constant and a strictly positive dimensionless parameter h. As ℓ → ∞ while retaining finite values for Φ and $$ \mathrm{\ell}{h}^{-\frac{5}{4}} $$
ℓ

h

−

5
4

, half of the original ten-dimensional supersymmetry is recovered, while finite values of ℓ break it completely. In the large-ℓ limit one boundary disappears but the other is still present, and is felt as a BPS orientifold by a probe brane. In this paper we focus on the fermionic zero modes and show that, although supersymmetry is broken for finite values of ℓ, they are surprisingly those of four-dimensional N = 4 supergravity coupled to five vector multiplets. Still, the gravitini can acquire masses via radiative corrections, absorbing four of the massless spin-$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

modes.
Allocation of geometric tolerances in one-dimensional stackup problems
Authors: Armillotta Antonio
Published: August 2022

Many tolerancing problems on mechanical assemblies involve a functional requirement depending on a chain of parallel dimensions on individual parts. In these one-dimensional cases, simple methods are available for the analysis and the allocation of dimensional tolerances. However, they are difficult to extend to geometric tolerances, which must be translated into equivalent dimensional tolerances; this allows the analysis but makes the allocation generally impossible without Monte Carlo simulation and complex search strategies. To overcome this difficulty, the paper proposes a way of dealing directly with geometric tolerances in the allocation problem. This consists in expressing the functional requirement as a linear model of geometric tolerances rather than equivalent dimensional tolerances; the coefficients of the model (sensitivities) are calculated considering both the dimension chain and the standard definition of the geometric tolerances. The approach can be combined with any constrained optimization method based on sensitivities. The optimal scaling method, previously proposed for dimensional tolerances, is extended to geometric tolerances and used in two examples to demonstrate the simplicity of the overall workflow and the quality of the optimal solution.
Rating scales to measure adverse effects of medications in people with intellectual disability: a scoping review
Authors: Kelly Neasa , Kilmartin Andrew , Lannon Kevin , Lee Caren , McLoughlin Rory , Mulvanny Lara , Mohamed Omnyiah , Treacy Mairead , Rossi Karen , O’Connell Juliette
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Intellectual disability (ID) is a chronic neurodevelopmental condition characterised by limitations in intelligence and adaptive skills with an onset prior to the age of 18 years. People with ID have complex healthcare needs and are more likely than the general population to experience multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy, with subsequent increased risk of adverse medication effects. The aim of this scoping review is to characterise rating scales used to measure adverse effects of medication in people with ID.

Methods

Four online databases (PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science and OpenGrey) were searched in April 2020. Studies were assessed for inclusion against pre-specified eligibility criteria. Reference lists of included studies were hand searched. Data extraction was carried out by two independent reviewers and key findings were tabulated for consideration. Studies were assessed for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results

The search resulted in 512 unique records, of which fifteen met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen scales were identified. All scales assessed adverse effects of psychotropics only. Of the scales, only one, the Matson Evaluation of Drug Side Effects, which focuses on psychotropic medications, was originally developed for use in a population with ID.

Conclusion

The Matson Evaluation of Drug Side Effects scale appears to be the most reliable and well-researched scale in people with ID. However, a scale which measures adverse effects across multiple medication classes would be valuable for use in this population.
Increased trend of thyroid cancer in childhood over the last 30 years in EU countries: a call for the pediatric surgeon
Authors: Spinelli Claudio , Ghionzoli Marco , Oreglio Chiara , Sanna Beatrice , De Napoli Luigi , Morganti Riccardo , Antonelli Alessandro , Morabito Antonino , Miccoli Paolo
Published: August 2022

Given the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer cases affecting the pediatric population in Europe, an epidemiological analysis of the available data is essential in order to update standards of care and recommend diagnostic and therapeutic strategies coherent to the new epidemiological trend. An observational study was conducted, considering the time interval 1991–2012, acquiring data collected by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) through the “Cancer Incidence in 5 continents plus” (CI5 plus) project and dividing patients into four groups of age (0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–19 years old). Data retrieved were compared to the latest report from Global Cancer Observatory, collected through the GLOBOCAN 2020 project, dividing patients in two groups: age 10–14, 15–19. Our findings highlighted an increasing prevalence of thyroid cancer rates in patients aged from 10 to 15 years old and from 15 to 19 years old, mainly in the female population, in Belarus (from 1991 to 2007), Cyprus, and Italy (from 2008 to 2012). Moreover, a further increase in incidence was highlighted in Italy according to data from GLOBOCAN 2020, with respect to other European countries.

Conclusion: An increasing prevalence of thyroid cancer is seen in age groups 10–19. Further research is required to understand the underlying cause and concomitantly identify the most proper screening and diagnostic techniques of thyroid nodules. Indeed, this is crucial to reach optimal surgical standards and better prognosis, possibly with more conservative approaches and maybe less postoperative complications.

What is Known:• Thyroid cancer is the 4th most common malignancy in children.

What is New:• In the last decades, an increasing pattern has been recorded.• In the US, it has outlined breast cancers as the most common cancer in females.
Effect of environmental factors on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Abd El-Hack Mohamed E. , El-Saadony Mohamed T. , Nader Maha M. , Salem Heba M. , El-Tahan Amira M. , Soliman Soliman M. , Khafaga Asmaa F.
Published: August 2022

Aquaculture is the practice of developing aquatic animals and plants under artificial environmental conditions, either in a controlled or semi-controlled environment. Due to high animal protein demand, it is one of the world’s growing food production industries. It plays a vital role in contributing to food security and lowering the unemployment rate of the world’s growing population. This review article aims to scope sight on the environmental factors that affect the growth and economic production process of Nile tilapia. Many of these factors are listed and analyzed in this review, such as stocking densities; various feed frequencies and feeding rates; water quality; water temperature; dissolved oxygen concentration; water pH degree; ammonia (NH3), nitrite (NO2), and nitrate (NO3) concentration; feeding regimes; feed cost; and tank culturing system of Nile tilapia. These factors can significantly alter body weight, composition, survival, behavior, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feeding efficiency, and the health and reproduction of Oreochromis niloticus. Furthermore, feeding, growth, disease risks, and survival rates are all affected by water quality parameters. In general, higher growth performance of O. niloticus in aquaculture can be obtained by keeping the optimum quantity of feed with proper feeding rate and frequency, maintaining a good proportion of stocking density, and regularly evaluating water quality. This review article highlights—in details—the impact of various environmental factors on growth performance criteria of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Chronic kidney disease is more prevalent among women but more men than women are under nephrological care
Authors: Lewandowski Michal J. , Krenn Simon , Kurnikowski Amelie , Bretschneider Philipp , Sattler Martina , Schwaiger Elisabeth , Antlanger Marlies , Gauckler Philipp , Pirklbauer Markus , Brunner Maria , Horn Sabine , Zitt Emanuel , Kirsch Bernhard , Windpessl Martin , Wallner Manfred , Aringer Ida , Wiesholzer Martin , Hecking Manfred , Hödlmoser Sebastian
Published: August 2022

Background

A discrepancy between sex-specific treatment of kidney failure by dialysis (higher in men) and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the general population (higher in women) has been reported internationally, but the prevalence by sex has not been described for Austria. Sex disparity among nephrology outpatients has not been studied.

Methods

We employed two formulae (2009 CKD-EPI suppressing the race factor, and race-free 2021 CKD-EPI) to estimate the sex distribution of CKD in Austrian primary care, based on creatinine measurements recorded in a medical sample of 39,800 patients from general practitioners’ offices (1989–2008). Further, we collected information from all clinic appointments scheduled at nephrology departments of 6 Austrian hospitals (Wien, Linz, Wels, St. Pölten, Villach, Innsbruck) during 2019 and calculated visit frequencies by sex.

Results

Using the 2009 CKD-EPI formula, the prevalence of CKD in stages G3–G5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was 16.4% among women and 8.5% among men aged > 18 years who had attended general practitioners’ offices in Austria between 1989 and 2008 and had at least one creatinine measurement performed. Using the 2021 CKD-EPI formula, the respective CKD prevalence was 12.3% among women and 6.1% among men. In 2019, 45% of all outpatients at 6 participating nephrology departments were women. The median of nephrology clinic visits in 2019 was two (per year) for both sexes.

Conclusion

CKD is more prevalent among Austrian women than men. Men are more prevalent in nephrology outpatient services. Research into causes of this sex disparity is urgently needed.
Real-world evaluation of supportive care using an electronic health record text-mining tool: G-CSF use in breast cancer patients
Authors: van Laar Sylvia A. , Gombert-Handoko Kim B. , Wassenaar Sophie , Kroep Judith R. , Guchelaar Henk-Jan , Zwaveling Juliette
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) is a life-threatening and chemotherapy dose-limiting adverse event. FN can be prevented with granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSFs). Guidelines recommend primary G-CSF use for patients receiving either high (> 20%) FN risk (HR) chemotherapy, or intermediate (10–20%) FN risk (IR) chemotherapy if the overall risk with additional patient-related risk factors exceeds 20%. In this study, we applied an EHR text-mining tool for real-world G-CSF treatment evaluation in breast cancer patients.

Methods

Breast cancer patients receiving IR or HR chemotherapy treatments between January 2015 and February 2021 at LUMC, the Netherlands, were included. We retrospectively collected data from EHR with a text-mining tool and assessed G-CSF use, risk factors, and the FN and neutropenia (grades 3–4) and incidence.

Results

A total of 190 female patients were included, who received 77 HR and 113 IR treatments. In 88.3% of the HR regimens, G-CSF was administered; 7.3% of these patients developed FN vs. 33.3% without G-CSF. Although most IR regimen patients had ≥ 2 risk factors, only 4% received G-CSF, of which none developed neutropenia. However, without G-CSF, 11.9% developed FN and 31.2% severe neutropenia.

Conclusions

Our text-mining study shows high G-CSF use among HR regimen patients, and low use among IR regimen patients, although most had ≥ 2 risk factors. Therefore, current practice is not completely in accordance with the guidelines. This shows the need for increased awareness and clarity regarding risk factors. Also, text-mining can effectively be implemented for the evaluation of patient care.
Impact of light therapy on rotating night shift workers: the EuRhythDia study
Authors: Rizza Stefano , Luzi Alessio , Mavilio Maria , Ballanti Marta , Massimi Arianna , Porzio Ottavia , Magrini Andrea , Hannemann Juliane , Menghini Rossella , Cridland Jonathan , Staels Bart , Grant Peter J. , Boger Rainer H. , Marx Nikolaus , Federici Massimo
Published: August 2022

Aims

Disturbances in circadian rhythms may promote cardiometabolic disorders in rotating night shift workers (r-NSWs). We hypothesized that timed light therapy might reverse disrupted circadian rhythms and glucose intolerance observed among r-NSWs).

Methods

R-NSWs were randomly assigned to a protocol that included 12 weeks on followed by 12 weeks off light therapy (n = 13; 6 men; mean age, 39.5 ± 7.3 years) or a no-treatment control group (n = 9; 3 men; mean age 41.7 ± 6.3 years). Experimental and control participants underwent identical metabolic evaluations that included anthropometric, metabolic (including oral glucose tolerance tests), lipid, and inflammation-associated parameters together with an assessment of sleep quality and expression of circadian transcription factors REV-ERBα and BMAL1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks of the protocol.

Results

Twelve weeks of warm white-light exposure (10,000 lx at 35 cm for 30 min per day) had no impact on sleep, metabolic, or inflammation-associated parameters among r-NSWs in the experimental group. However, our findings revealed significant decreases in REV-ERBα gene expression (p = 0.048) and increases in the REV-ERBα/BMAL1 ratio (p = 0.040) compared to baseline in PBMCs isolated from this cohort. Diminished expression of REV-ERBα persisted, although the REV-ERBα/BMAL1 ratio returned to baseline levels after the subsequent 12-day wash-out period.

Conclusions

Our results revealed that intermittent light therapy had no impact on inflammatory parameters or glucose tolerance in a defined cohort of r-NSWs. However, significant changes in the expression of circadian clock genes were detected in PBMCs of these subjects undergoing light therapy.
Environmental impacts of enlarging the market share of electric vehicles
Authors: De Wolf Daniel , Diop Ngagne , Kilani Moez
Published: August 2022

We extend a multimodal transport model to simulate an increase of the market share of electric vehicles. The model, which is described in detail in Kilani et al. (Sustainability 14(3):1535, 2022), covers the north of France and includes both urban and intercity trips. It is a multi-agents simulation based on the MATsim framework and calibrated on observed traffic flows. We find that the emissions of pollutant gases decrease in comparable proportion to the market share of the electric vehicles. When only users with shorter trips switch to electric vehicles, the impact is limited and demand for charging stations is small since most users will charge by night at home. When the government is able to target users with longer trips, the impact can be higher by more than a factor of two. But, in this case, our model shows that it is important to increase the number of charging stations with an optimized deployment for their accessibility.
Wild Food: Plants, Fish and Small Animals on the Menu for Early Holocene Populations at al-Khiday, Central Sudan
Authors: Dunne J. , Salvatori S. , Maritan L. , Manning K. , Linseele V. , Gillard T. , Breeze P. , Drake N. , Evershed R.P. , Usai D.
Published: August 2022

Al-Khiday, located on the bank of the White Nile in Sudan, offers an exceptionally preserved stratigraphic sequence, providing a unique opportunity to use organic residue analysis to investigate diet and subsistence during the Khartoum Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic, a period of nearly 3500 years (7000–4500 cal BC). While the vast and diverse Mesolithic fish assemblage indicates a strong reliance on products from aquatic habitats, floodplains, vegetated marshes, and open water, results from the lipid residue analysis suggest that the fish were not cooked in ceramic pots, but consumed in other ways. Rather, pots were more specialized in processing plants, including wild grasses, leafy plants, and sedges. These results, confirmed by experimental analysis, provide, for the first time, direct chemical evidence for plant exploitation in the Khartoum Mesolithic. Non-ruminant fauna (e.g., warthog) and low lipid-yielding reptiles (e.g., Adanson’s mud turtle and Nile monitor lizard), found in significant numbers at al-Khiday, were likely also cooked in pots. There is little evidence for the processing of wild ruminants in the Mesolithic pots, suggesting either that ruminant species were not routinely hunted or that large wild fauna may have been cooked in different ways, possibly grilled over fires. These data suggest sophisticated economic strategies by sedentary people exploiting their ecological niche to the fullest. Pottery use changed considerably in the Early Neolithic, with ruminant products being more routinely processed in pots, and while the exploitation of domesticates cannot be confirmed by a small faunal assemblage, some dairying took place. The results provide valuable information on Early and Middle Holocene lifeways in central Sudan.
Aerodynamic Behavior of a Biomimetic Wing in Soaring Flight – A Numerical Study
Authors: Tangermann Eike , Ercolani Gianantonio , Klein Markus
Published: August 2022

Multi-element wing tips based on bird wings appear attractive in soaring flight, where a minimal sink velocity is the design goal. The present study aims to reproduce the soaring flight observed from white storks (ciconia ciconia) in a biomimetic computational model in order to visualize and investigate the flow around and through the wing tip cascade. RANS and hybrid RANS–LES computations have been performed allowing access to all features of the flow field. The resulting properties in soaring flight have been compared to measured data of free flying birds from the literature to qualify the results of the re-engineered wing. Further, the flow field has been analyzed in detail to understand the underlying flow physics and to point out relevant phenomena such as a system of vortices associated with the wing and tip design which contributes to the observed aerodynamic properties.
Hybrid Modal Realism Debugged
Authors: Fouché Camille
Published: August 2022

In this paper, I support a hybrid view regarding the metaphysics of worlds. I endorse Lewisian Modal Realism for possible worlds (LMR). My aim is to come up with a hybrid account of impossible worlds that provides all the plenitude of impossibilities for all fine-grained intentional contents. I raise several challenges for such a plenitudinous hybrid theory. My version of hybrid modal realism builds impossible worlds as set-theoretic constructions out of genuine individuals and sets of them, that is, as set-theoretic constructions from parts and sets of parts of genuine Lewisian worlds. Structured worlds are defined as sets of tuples: structured entities built out of Lewisian ‘raw material’. These structured worlds are ersatz worlds, some of which are impossible. I claim that propositions must be sets of worlds rather than members of sets. Once the construction is in place, I evaluate the proposal and show that my hybrid account is able to supply a plenitude of impossibilities and thus giving the resources to make all the hyperintensional distinctions we are looking for, whilst remaining Lewisian-conservative.
Plasmonic Surface of Metallic Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Induced Fluorescence Quenching of Meso-Terakis (4-Sulfonatophenyl) Porphyrin (TPPS) and Theoretical–Experimental Comparable
Authors: Aboalhassan Ahmed A. , El-Daly Samy A. , Ebeid El-Zeiny M. , Sakr Mahmoud A. S.
Published: August 2022

Colloidal metallic nanoparticles have attracted a lot of interest in the last two decades owing to their simple synthesis and fascinating optical properties. In this manuscript, a study of the effect of both gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the fluorescence emission (FE) of TPPS has been investigated utilizing steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. From the observed electronic absorption spectra, there is no evidence of the ground state interaction between metallic Au NPs or Ag NPs with TPPS. On the other side, the FE spectra of TPPS have been quenched by both Ag and Au NPs. Via applying quenching calculations, Ag NPs showed only traditional static fluorescence quenching of TPPS with linear Stern–Volmer (SV) plots. On the contrary, quenching of TPPS emission by Au NPs shows composed models. One model is the sphere of action static quenching model that prevails at high quencher concentrations leading to non-linear SV plots with positive deviation. However, at low Au NPs concentrations, traditional dynamic quenching occurs with linear SV plots. The quantum calculations for TPPS structure have been obtained using Gaussian 09 software: in which the TPPS optimized molecular structure was achieved using DFT/B3LYP/6-311G (d) in a gaseous state. Also, the calculated electronic absorption spectra for the same molecule in water as a solvent are obtained using TD/M06/6-311G +  + (2d, 2p). Furthermore, the theoretical and experimental results comparable to UV–Vis spectra have been investigated.
A new 5G radio evolution towards 5G-Advanced
Authors: Pang Jiyong , Wang Shaobo , Tang Zhenfei , Qin Yanmin , Tao Xiaofeng , You Xiaohu , Zhu Jinkang
Published: August 2022

The evolution of the fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) has progressed swiftly since the third generation partnership project (3GPP) standardized the first NR version (Release 15) in mid-2018. Nowadays, the world’s leading carriers are competing to provide various commercial services over 5G networks. Looking ahead to 2025 and beyond, it is expected that over 6.5 million 5G base stations will be installed to offer services to over 58% of the world’s population via over 100 billion 5G connections. Following the rapid development of 5G, an increasing number of commercialization use cases will drive the 5G network to continuously improve performance and expand capabilities. Hence, it is the right time to consider a well-defined framework and standardization for 5G NR evolution (5G-Advanced) to support commercialization between 2025 and 2030. First, this study addresses the key driving forces, requirements, usage scenarios, and capabilities of 5G-Advanced; then, it highlights the main technological challenges and introduces the top 10 promising technological directions in detail. Finally, other fascinating technological directions in 5G-Advanced are shortly mentioned.
Optimal conditions for mycelial growth of medicinal mushrooms belonging to the genus Hericium
Authors: Gonkhom Didsanutda , Luangharn Thatsanee , Hyde Kevin D. , Stadler Marc , Thongklang Naritsada
Published: August 2022

Hericium is a well-known genus that comprises edible and medicinal mushrooms with fleshy, distinctive white spines that hang from a tough, unbranched clump, and grows on dying or dead wood. In preparation for the artificial cultivation of these mushrooms in Thailand, an optimization of mycelial growth on different agar culture media, for various conditions (including temperature, pH, cereal grains, and agricultural waste, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and the ratio of media components) was carried out. For this study, three strains of H. erinaceus (MFLUCC 21-0018, MFLUCC 21-0019, and MFLUCC 21-0020) were favorably grown on OMYA medium, at 25 °C and at a pH of 4–4.5, while one strain of H. erinaceus (MFLUCC 21-0021) grew favorably on CDA medium, at 25 °C and pH 5.5. The favorable condition for H. coralloides (MFLUCC 21-0050) growth was MYPA medium, at 30 °C and pH 5.5. All five strains presented higher mycelial growth on wheat grain. Carbon and nitrogen sources promoted higher rates using molasses and yeast extract respectively, and a ratio of these media components of 10:1 resulted in higher growth rates. The data presented provide growth requirements that will be useful in the future development of the cultivation of Hericium mushrooms.