bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating joint-space narrowing and cartilage loss in rheumatoid arthritis by using MRI
Authors: Peterfy Charles G , DiCarlo Julie C , Olech Ewa , Bagnard Maire-Agnes , Gabriele Annarita , Gaylis Norman
Published: July 2012

Introduction

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to be superior to radiography (XR) for assessing synovitis, osteitis, and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly in clinical trials. However, relatively little has been reported on the ability of MRI to evaluate articular cartilage loss, or joint-space narrowing (JSN), in the hands and wrists. In a previous study, we adapted the nine-point Genant-modified Sharp XR-JSN score for use with MRI (MRI-JSN). In this study, we compare MRI-JSN with XR-JSN by using images from two multicenter clinical trials.

Methods

Baseline XR and 1.5-Tesla MR images of one hand and wrist from each of 47 subjects with RA enrolled in one of two multicenter clinical trials were evaluated by using the XR-JSN and MRI-JSN methods by a single radiologist experienced in the two methods. Radiographs and MR images were read independently on different occasions.

Results

In total, 575 of 611 joints were compared (one metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb and 35 proximal interphalangeal joints were outside the MRI field of view and could not be assessed). The 22 (47%) subjects showed JSN with both XR and MRI, and 25 (53%) subjects showed no JSN with either method. No subject showed JSN with only one or the other method. MRI showed high agreement with XR (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.83). Sensitivity of MRI for JSN, by using XR as the gold standard, was 0.94; specificity was 0.91; accuracy was 0.91; positive predictive value was 0.64; and negative predictive value was 0.99.

Conclusions

This validation exercise suggests that MRI JSN scoring may offer a viable alternative to XR JSN scoring in multicenter clinical trials of RA. However, the relative longitudinal sensitivity of MRI to change and the ability to discriminate therapeutic effect on JSN were not evaluated in this study.
Improvement in MRS parameter estimation by joint and laterally constrained inversion of MRS and TEM data
Authors: Behroozmand Ahmad A. , Auken Esben , Fiandaca Gianluca , Christiansen Anders Vest
Published: July 2012

We developed a new scheme for joint and laterally constrained inversion (LCI) of magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) data and transient electromagnetic (TEM) data, which greatly improves the estimation of the MRS model parameters. During the last few decades, electrical and electromagnetic methods have been widely used for groundwater investigation, but they suffer from some inherent limitations; for example, equivalent layer sequences. Furthermore, the water content information is only empirically correlated to resistivity of the formation. MRS is a noninvasive geophysical technique that directly quantifies the water content distribution from surface measurements. The resistivity information of the subsurface is obtained from a complementary geophysical method such as TEM or DC resistivity methods. The conventional inversion of MRS data assumes the resulting resistivity structure to be correct and considers a constant MRS kernel through the inversion. We found that this assumption may introduce an error to the forward modeling and consequently could result in erroneous parameter estimations in the inversion process. We investigated the advantage of TEM for the joint inversion compared to DC resistivity. A fast and numerically efficient MRS forward routine made it possible to invert the MRS and TEM data sets simultaneously along profiles. Furthermore, by application of lateral constraints on the model parameters, lateral smooth 2D model sections could be be obtained. The simultaneous inversion for resistivity and MRS parameters led to a more reliable and robust estimation of all parameters, and the MRS data diminished the range of equivalent resistivity models. We examined the approach through synthetic data and a field example in Denmark where good agreement with borehole data was demonstrated with clear correlation between the relaxation time [Formula: see text] and the grain size distribution of a sandy aquifer.
The Sound of Memory: Music and Acoustic Origins
Authors: Stein Alexander
Published: July 2012

This essay advances a novel interdisciplinary approach toward understanding the dialectical transmission, registration, and interpretation of meaning from sound in the psychoanalytic dialogue. The first step examines the profound formative influences of the earliest sound environment in psychological development. The second, utilizing clinical material, considers adult patients' abstract or ineffable nonlinguistic and nonverbal communications as a form of music being verbalized in a language of sounds—termed the verbalization of music—which audio-symbolically conveys derivatives of archaic auditory impressions, perceptions, and interactions. The last segment proposes a consilient view of music and mentation, founded in a conceptualization of music as a patterned sonic iteration of affect and ideation giving auditory tangibility to the incipient sound world, with the aim of clarifying how analysts hear and interpret meaning in idiolectic sonic renderings of individual interiority—the sound of memory.
Anti-Anxiety Law: Winnicott and the Legal Fiction of Paternity
Authors: Stolzenberg Nomi Maya
Published: July 2012

Winnicott's good-enough mother does not, on the face of it, seem to have anything to do with the process of fact-finding in law. Yet there is an uncanny similarity between Winnicott's theory of the good-enough mother and the legal understanding of factual knowledge, both of which are premised on the unattainability of perfection and the need to construct simulacra of truth on the basis of merely probabalistic evidence. In Winnicott, this theory of knowledge is presented in terms of the process whereby the (good-enough) mother enables the infant to acquire the illusion of contact with a reality outside of himself on the basis of a repeated convergence of subjective need (i.e., hunger) and objective provision (i.e., milk provided at the right moment). In law, a surprisingly similar theory of knowledge as illusion/construction is presented in terms of standards of proof that fall substantially short of certainty and in the concept of the legal fiction. The way that legal fictions work to construct beliefs in reality and to shape reality itself is explored through the example of the fiction of legitimacy, according to which the husband is the father of a child born to a married woman, as a matter of law, regardless of biological facts to the contrary. A close analysis of the legal fiction of paternity reveals the unexpected similarities between Winnicott's theory of the good-enough mother and the legal theory of adequate, albeit less than perfect, factual knowledge. The analysis shows that one of the key functions of legal fictions is the suppression of the anxiety that attends uncertainty. In this respect, law serves as a matrix of belief in much the same way as Winnicott's good-enough mother does.
Infinite boundary value problems for constant mean curvature graphs in ℍ 2 × ℝ and S 2 × ℝ
Authors: Hauswirth Laurent , Rosenberg Harold , Spruck Joel
Published: July 2012

We extend the classical existence and uniqueness theory
of Jenkins-Serrin $(H=0)$ and Spruck $(H>0)$ for the
constant mean curvature equation over a domain in $R^2$,
to domains in $H^2$ or $S^2$. This theory allows prescribed
boundary data including plus or minus infinity on entire
arcs of the boundary. Necessarily these arc must have
curvature $+2H$ or $-2H$ with respect to the domain. We
give necessary and sufficient conditions for existence
in terms of so called admissible polygons. The key idea,
as in previous proofs, is to study the "flux" of monotone
increasing and decreasing sequences of solutions.
Pro-algebraic and differential algebraic group structures on affine spaces
Authors: Kowalski Piotr , Pillay Anand
Published: July 2012

We prove the following result, solving a problem raised in an article by A. Buium and Ph. J. Cassidy, to appear in the collected works of E. Kolchin. If G is a differential algebraic group whose underlying set is some affine n -space, then G is unipotent. A key result, possibly of independent interest, concerns infinite-dimensional group schemes: a group scheme whose underlying scheme is Spec ( K [ X 1 , X 2 ,...]) ( K an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0) is a projective limit of unipotent algebraic groups.
Phantom maps and chromatic phantom maps
Authors: Christensen J. Daniel , Hovey Mark
Published: July 2012

In the first part, we determine conditions on spectra X and Y under which either every map from X to Y is phantom, or no nonzero maps are. We also address the question of whether such all or nothing behavior is preserved when X is replaced with V Λ X for V finite. In the second part, we introduce chromatic phantom maps. A map is n -phantom if it is null when restricted to finite spectra of type at least n . We define divisibility and finite type conditions which are suitable for studying n -phantom maps. We show that the duality functor W n -1 defined by Mahowald and Rezk is the analog of Brown-Comenetz duality for chromatic phantom maps, and give conditions under which the natural map Y → W 2 n -1 Y is an isomorphism.
Asymptotic N -soliton-like solutions of the subcritical and critical generalized Korteweg-de Vries equations
Authors: Martel Yvan
Published: July 2012

We consider the generalized Korteweg-de Vries equations
u t + u xx + u p x = 0 t, x ∈ R
[inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]
in the subcritical and critical cases p = 2, 3, 4 or 5. Let R j ( t, x ) = Qc j ( x - c j t - x j ), where j ∈ {1, . . . , N }, be N soliton solutions of this equation, with corresponding speeds 0 < c 1 < c 2 < ... < c N . In this paper, we construct a solution u ( t ) of the generalized Korteweg-de Vries equation such that
[inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] This solution behaves asymptotically as t → +∞ as the sum of N solitons without loss of mass by dispersion. This is an exceptional behavior, indeed, being given the parameters { c j } 1≤ j ≤ N , { x j } 1≤ j ≤ N , we prove uniqueness of such a solution. In the integrable cases p = 2 and 3, such solutions are explicitly known and their properties were extensively studied in the literature (they are called N -soliton solutions). Therefore, the existence result is new only for the nonintegrable cases. The uniqueness result is new for all cases.
Kazhdan-Lusztig algorithms for nonlinear groups and applications to Kazhdan-Patterson lifting
Authors: Renard David A. , Trapa Peter E.
Published: July 2012

We establish an algorithm to compute characters of irreducible Harish-Chandra modules for a large class of nonalgebraic Lie groups. (Roughly speaking the class of groups consists of those obtained as nonlinear double covers of linear groups in Harish-Chandra's class.) We then apply this theory to study a particular group (the universal cover of the real general linear group), and discover a symmetry of the character computations encoded in a character multiplicity duality. Using this duality theory, we reinterpret a kind of representation-theoretic Shimura correspondence for the general linear group geometrically, and find that it is dual to an analogous lifting for indefinite unitary groups. It seems likely that this example is illustrative of a general framework for studying similar correspondences.
Non-abelian zeta functions for function fields
Authors: Weng Lin
Published: July 2012

In this paper we initiate a geometrically oriented construction of non-abelian zeta functions for curves defined over finite fields. More precisely, we first introduce new yet genuine non-abelian zeta functions for curves defined over finite fields, by a "weighted count" on rational points over the corresponding moduli spaces of semi-stable vector bundles using moduli interpretation of these points. Then we define non-abelian L -functions for curves over finite fields using integrations of Eisenstein series associated to L 2 -automorphic forms over certain generalized moduli spaces.
Global well-posedness and scattering for the defocusing energy-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation in R 1+4
Authors: Ryckman E , Visan M
Published: July 2012

We obtain global well-posedness, scattering, uniform regularity, and global L6t,x spacetime bounds for energy-space solutions to the defocusing energy-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation in âÃâ4. Our arguments closely follow those of Colliander, Keel, et al., though our derivation of the frequency-localized interaction Morawetz estimate is somewhat simpler. As a consequence, our method yields a better bound on the L6t,x-norm.
Model theory of the Frobenius on the Witt vectors
Authors: Bélair Luc , Macintyre A. (Angus) , Scanlon Thomas
Published: July 2012

We give axiomatizations and prove quantifier elimination theorems for first-order theories of unramified valued fields with an automorphism having a close interaction with the valuation. We achieve an analogue of the classical Ostrowski theory of pseudoconvergence. In the outstanding case of Witt vectors with their Frobenius map, we use the ∂-ring formalism from Joyal.
Symbolic Language and Indexical Cries: A Semiotic Reading of Lucretius 5.1028-90
Authors: Stevens Benjamin E.
Published: July 2012

Lucretius distinguishes between animal vocalization ( uoces ciere ) and human language ( res uoce notare ) in ways that may be called "semiotic": animal vocalization is indexical or symptomatic, i.e., automatic or involuntary signification of things or emotions immediately present, while human language is fully symbolic, i.e., a voluntary signification using arbitrary signs. Lucretius is thus able to compare animals and humans (1030-40, 1056-81) in that the semiosis practiced by each group, although very different semiotically, is natural to that group. This reading also helps to clarify the complex relationship between Lucretius' and Epicurus' accounts of language origins.
Apian Imagery and the Critique of Poetic Sweetness in Plato's Republic
Authors: Liebert Rana Saadi
Published: July 2012

This article examines the apian imagery that runs through Plato's Republic in order to show how Socrates exploits traditional bee-related metaphors to strengthen his case against poetry. Socrates transvalues the traditional association between poetry and honey by conflating the image of the productive bee-poet with that of the parasitic drone-citizen, thus using poetry's own value terms to critique it on political grounds. By reconfiguring sweetness in all forms as a toxin inimical to a healthy state and incommensurate with the philosophic values of purity and moderation, Socrates turns the poetic tradition against itself. Once sweetness and benefit are understood to be mutually exclusive, poetry's apian "virtues" become political liabilities.
Catalogues, Priamels, and Stanzaic Structure in Early Greek Elegy
Authors: Faraone Christopher A
Published: July 2012

Catalogues and priamels figure prominently in the longer fragments of early Greek elegy. In this brief study I survey a half-dozen of these elegiac lists and show that the early poets regularly use a five-couplet stanza to create a formal structure for their compositions. In some cases the catalogues appear to be "set-pieces" adaptable in the midst of performance to a number of different contexts.
Poetry and Prose: Xenophanes of Colophon
Authors: Granger Herbert
Published: July 2012

When most of the new intellectuals of the sixth and fifth centuries adopted the new medium of literary prose to express their opinions about natural philosophy, theology, and history, the philosopher Xenophanes of Colophon continued to voice his new ideas about divinity and nature in verse. Xenophanes does not remain bound to verse through habit or through his inability to compose serious work in the new medium of prose or through his dependence upon the Muses for his information. He is an enthusiastic reformer who is committed to correcting the Greeks' beliefs about divinity and nature, and during his time verse still provided advantages over prose for reaching a mass audience, in large part, because of its age-old performative nature.
4. Revelations of Lexicography: The Daily Learning at the Thesaurus
Authors: Baraz Yelena
Published: July 2012

DTP Notes 1. When there is a greek extract followed by the english translation remove the space below the greek extract.
From Syracuse to Rome: The Travails of Silanion's Sappho
Authors: Rosenmeyer Patricia A
Published: July 2012

Cicero's Verrine Orations offer a glimpse into the complex political posturings surrounding the reception of Greek art by Roman audiences. Cicero downplays his own (legitimate) collecting habits, and accuses Gaius Verres, the corrupt governor of Sicily from 73–71 bce, of abusing his political office by looting the island's art treasures. One example that particularly disturbs Cicero is the theft of a statue of Sappho, commissioned by the Syracusans from the early Hellenistic sculptor Silanion for their town hall. This theft is shown to be part of a pattern in Verres' behavior, as he repeatedly removes public images of women and female divinities from their civic or cultic sites of honor, and transfers them to his private dwelling. The language of sexual exploitation pervades Cicero's narratives as he argues that Verres perverts the statues by using them for private delectation. Because Verres leaves behind the inscribed base of the Sappho statue, she may no longer be identifiable as the archaic lyric poet once she has been carried off to Rome. Verres' inappropriate passion for Greek artwork, according to his accuser, destroys the statue's identity as a famous female poet from archaic Greece, and reduces it to a nameless female body, a victim of imperialism and greed.
Editor's Note
Authors: Miller Paul Allen
Published: July 2012

DTP Notes 1. When there is a greek extract followed by the english translation remove the space below the greek extract.
The Anti-Chain Store Movement and the Politics of Consumption
Authors: Scroop Daniel
Published: July 2012

This essay examines the anti-chain store movement of the 1920s and 1930s in order to contribute to debates about the origins and nature of modern US consumer politics. It argues that this movement of independent merchants and their followers is best understood as an expression of populist antimonopolism. Opponents of the chains saw themselves as speaking for ‘the people’ and were virulently hostile to large aggregations of economic and political power. Concerned about the likely impact of chain stores on their communities, merchants lobbied their trade associations, wrote to their congressmen, and launched local grassroots campaigns. They also worked through the courts, securing anti-chain tax legislation in most states, and attracting the support of Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis.
The essay has a comparative dimension, comparing the anti-chain crusades of the 1920s and 1930s with the protests against ‘big-box’ retail which have proliferated in the US and elsewhere since the 1980s. Reflecting on the recurrence in the age of globalization of a form of protest historians once thought dead, the essay questions the assumption—deep-rooted in US historiography—that antimonopoly ceased to be a significant feature of the US politics of reform after the New Deal. Accordingly the final part of the essay traces connections between pre-New Deal anti-chain campaigners and post-New Deal consumer activists, noting the centrality of antimonopoly to the careers of leading consumer politicians of the post-war era, Estes Kefauver and Ralph Nader. Arguing that the anti-chain store movement of the 1920s and 1930s was constitutive of the modern US politics of consumption, the study concludes by considering the implications of the persistence of the antimonopoly tradition for current and future scholarship. It suggests that the study of the politics of consumption is still in its infancy, and that given the important role antimonopoly thought has played in the US politics of reform, the temptation to dismiss out of hand as necessarily futile and reactionary anti-chain store movements past and present should be resisted.
Born to Speak: Ingenium and Natura in Tacitus’s Dialogue on Orators
Authors: Syson Antonia
Published: July 2012

The speakers in Tacitus’s Dialogus de Oratoribus exploit the language of birth— natura and ingenium (innate talent)—in order to seek a collective identity for their generation. Tacitus entangles his position as the author of a dialogue in this configuration of ingenium and natura by pointedly withdrawing his own ingenium and depicting his task as commemoration, not creation. In doing so, he makes the work’s dialogic structure central to the investigation that he presents—less a debate over the causes of oratorical decline than an exploration of how eloquence may be authorized at any particular moment in history.
‘Lyouns Full Lothely’ : Dream Interpretation and Boethian Denaturing in the Alliterative Morte Arthure
Authors: Miles Brent
Published: July 2012

The Boethian use of animals to depict human degeneration through sin features in Arthur’s two dreams. Arthur fails to interpret these dreams as signifying the loss of his true nature and of his kingdom. (BM)
A St ylistic A nalysis of Le Roman de Silence
Authors: Ryder Mary Ellen , Zaerr Linda Marie
Published: July 2012

Stylistic analysis can demonstrate how the Roman de Silence incorporates deceleration, acceleration, generic expressions, and deaths in non-realized space to diminish perception of Silence’s agency. (MER, LMZ)
Duchess, Heal Thyself: Elisabeth of Rochlitz and the Patient's Perspective in Early Modern Germany
Authors: Rankin Alisha
Published: July 2012

This article uses the case of German noblewoman Elisabeth of Rochlitz as a window on sixteenth-century patient attitudes toward disease and the body. A widowed duchess of Saxony, Elisabeth spent the last twenty years of her life battling an increasingly serious string of illnesses. Despite her ready access to learned physicians and her friendly relationship with several of them, she used a wide variety of practitioners and frequently privileged lower-status healers when she perceived their methods to be more efficacious. She placed the greatest weight on remedies that would relieve the experienced symptoms of her illness, rather than more holistic methods such as doctors' regimens. This perception of disease as a set of symptoms led to a dispute about the meaning of signs in her final illness.
Translating Generic Liberties: Orlando on Page and Screen
Authors: Reviron-Piégay Floriane
Published: July 2012

In the 1920s, modernist art and philosophy shared cinema’s ambitious project to refashion representations of subjectivity and time. Virginia Woolf was able to foresee that, in terms of representation, the cinema offered advantages literature did not have. By exploring the link between the advent of the cinema and what Woolf called “The New Biography,” this article explores the convergence between film theory, of adaptation in particular, and the theory of the New Biography as Woolf conceived it. Because Orlando: A Biography can be considered a mise en abîme of this theory, and because it lies at the crossroads between Woolf’s interest in the new visual medium and her search for a new mode of expression, its cinematic adaptation by Sally Potter in 1992 provides a particularly revealing insight into the problems of translation from one medium to another. The cinematic language of Orlando and its modernism led Potter to invent a new mode of adaptation as translation that is perhaps as challenging and innovative as Woolf’s original.
Confessions of an Autobiography Scholar; or, You Can’t Handle the Truthiness
Authors: Adams Timothy Dow
Published: July 2012

This piece is an autobiographical summary of my relationship to truth and genre over a long career as a scholar of life writing. In what is meant to be humorous, I lament the entanglements of my scholarly and personal life and my ever shifting views on teaching and writing in contrast to living a life in autobiography.
Reagan’s Back: The Dutch Controversy and American Letters
Authors: Bauman Emily
Published: July 2012

“Reagan’s Back” is a study of the reception surrounding Edmund Morris’s controversial biography of Ronald Reagan, Dutch. I argue that the hostility that greeted Morris’s experiment indicated a resistance to the image of Reagan presented in the book itself, a “free indirect” portrayal enabled by literary fictional techniques antithetical to Reagan iconography as it has developed over the past two decades.
Liquid Limitlessness and Hope: Two Tendencies in Late Modern Nordic Young Adult Fiction
Authors: Ommundsen Åse Marie
Published: July 2012

Åse Marie Ommundsen identifies two contrasting tendencies in Nordic young adult fiction: the first, to which she applies the term 'liquid limitlessness', is exemplified in Intet , a prize-winning Danish novel from the year 2000; the other, more hopeful tendency is exemplified in a Norwegian novel, Yatzy , also a prize-winner, from 2004
ALMA: A Swedish Award to World Children's Literature
Authors: Nikolajeva Maria
Published: July 2012

In its short life, the ALMA award, established in memory of the great Swedish author Astrid Lindgren, has made a huge impact, honouring authors, illustrators and a major reading promotion. Maria Nikolajeva here considers the criteria for the awards and the questions the jury has to battle with. She also overviews some of the winners' books
Dissolving Cultural Boundaries: Two Novels by Bali Rai and Narinder Dhami
Authors: Emmambokus Shehrazade
Published: July 2012

Migration and diaspora, cultural identity, hybridity and belonging are explored in novels by many British Asian writers. In this analysis of two novels for young people by Bali Rai and Narinder Dhami, Shehrazade Emmambokus considers how these novelists of the South Asian diaspora in Britain negotiate hybrid cultural identities and offer their readers a kind of bibliotherapy in the process
How Is a Narcissistic Christ Possible?: The Theological Tradition behind Sor Juana's El Divino Narciso
Authors: Ellis Jonathan
Published: July 2012

In her adaptation of the Narcissus myth for her auto sacramental El Divino Narciso , Sor Juana made a crucial change by which the figure of Narciso, the allegorical representation of Christ, may see his perfect beauty reflected in another and therefore be united in love with another, the character of Naturaleza Humana. A number of attempts have been made to explain this development based on hermetic and psychological analysis, as well as the possible influence of Classical sources other than Ovid. However, Sor Juana makes clear that her allegory deals with the presentation of theological truths. Within the Christian theological tradition there is a figure who specifically talks of humanity's need to restore the lost divine likeness, disfigured by sin, so that God may recognize His own beauty in humanity and they may be reconciled. This figure is Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, about whom Sor Juana writes in her Letras de San Bernardo , a series of poems written in 1690. This essay examines El Divino Narciso in light of Saint Bernard, and compares the theology of Sor Juana's auto with the imagery and doctrines in her Letras . (JE)
The Song of History in Calderón's El médico de su honra
Authors: Carrión Gabriela
Published: July 2012

At the conclusion of Pedro Calderón's drama, El médico de su honra , a song emanates off-stage at the precise moment of the heroine's murder. These parallel actions suggest the critical role that the ballad plays in relation to the events taking place on stage. By means of this ballad, the singers bring attention to the political conflict that results in the personal tragedy of one of the king's subjects. The lyric not only plays an aesthetic but also a political role in El médico de su honra that puts into question the violent nature of power and authority.
La traición en la amistad : The Convenient Demonization of Fenisa and the Subsequent Creation of the "Other"
Authors: Leoni Monica
Published: July 2012

This essay explores the notion of the conveniently fabricated "Other" in María de Zayas's play, La traición en la amistad . In response to a friend's betrayal, a trio of women bands together to secure the downfall and ultimate banishment of Fenisa, a woman whose love of men, even those men already betrothed, supersedes the love for her friends. In response to her unrestrained ways, Fenisa is defined by the cast of characters as a "viper," a "siren," a "liar," and a "harpy." Despite the extremely damaging characterization she receives, all the figures seen on stage in this work have very few, if any, redeeming qualities to justify such cruel treatment of her. While the betrayal of her friends cannot be denied, this study argues for a reconsideration of the purpose Fenisa serves in Zayas's text, suggesting that perhaps the playwright created this complex persona not so much with the intent of showcasing a negative example of male behavior in a female character, but rather to bring to life the double standard by which women were judged under the patriarchal code. Throughout the play, Fenisa undergoes a process of demonization as each of the people she has betrayed plots to have the former friend pay for her lack of loyalty. Condemnation and alienation are the consequences she faces as the alliance between Marcia, Belisa and Laura works toward characterizing Fenisa as an aberration who must be eliminated and, more importantly, punished for her amorous transgressions. By participating in this practice of differentiation and, ultimately, creating a rhetoric of expulsion, the trio's efforts culminate in a convenient caricature ofthe evil "Other" that affords them the opportunity to distinguish themselves from Fenisa and thus showcase their less offensive attributes. The demonization of Fenisa, then, serves a critical, convenient purpose for all who share her stage, a purpose that allows for the "We vs. They" or, in this case, the "We vs. She" dynamic to thrive. A consideration of the feminine models that were revered, created, and ultimately used by authorities in Zayas's Spain offers an interesting perspective of how the playwright may have viewed Fenisa herself, suggesting why such a seemingly unsympathetic character continues to draw the critical attention that she does. (ML)
From The Pagoda
Authors: Powell Patricia
Published: July 2012

The Pagoda is a novel about Chinese Immigration to Jamaica during the 19th century. Specifically, it follows the experiences of Lowe, a Chinese woman passing as a male shopkeeper in rural Jamaica. Lowe is referred to as "he" throughout. In this section, Lowe, who is involved in an arranged marriage with Miss Sylvie, comes to learn startling revelations about the people with whom "he" lives: Miss Sylvie; the housekeeper, Dulcie, and her son, Omar; and Cecil, the deceased shipmaster on whose boat "he" was a stowaway from China to Jamaica .
"Her favorite Playmate": Pleasure and Interdependence in Dorothy Wordsworth's "Mary Jones and her Pet-lamb"
Authors: Reimer Elizabeth
Published: July 2012

Dorothy Wordsworth’s children’s story, “Mary Jones and her Pet-lamb,” adds a distinctive voice to early nineteenth-century conversations about children and their animal-others. Mary Jones’s relationship with the lamb highlights the non-appropriative tendencies of Wordsworth’s imagination as it creates a model of non-oppositional identity within an inclusive social world.
Teach the Children: Education and Knowledge in Recent Children's Fantasy
Authors: Gruner Elisabeth Rose
Published: July 2012

This paper examines three series centrally concerned with the education of a young witch, wizard, or otherwise magically-marked child. In all of them, the children do acquire the knowledge and understanding required to fulfill their roles, but they do so in spite, not because, of any formal schooling.
J. M. Barrie Gets the Miramax Treatment: Finding (and Marketing) Neverland
Authors: Geer Jennifer
Published: July 2012

This article uses the DVD material for the Miramax film Finding Neverland to explore the marketing of children's films. Miramax is a subsidiary of Disney, and Finding Neverland's DVD marketing aligns it with Disney's brand image. The main DVD featurette reinterprets Finding Neverland and its stars according to an unspoken template: child-centered fantastic spectacle that supports wish-fulfillment and firmly excludes death or unhappiness. The template fits clumsily, yet such blatant reinterpretation inadvertently reveals key features of Disney/Miramax's marketing strategies for family films. More broadly, this case study suggests scholars should take corporate brand identities and synergistic business models into account when examining the conception and marketing of children's films.
Home Economics: Children, Consumption, and Montessori Education in Dorothy Canfield Fisher's Understood Betsy
Authors: Wright Elizabeth J
Published: July 2012

Targeted for young girls, Dorothy Canfield Fisher's 1917 novel, Understood Betsy, examines the overlap between Montessori schooling and economics, becoming a treatise on how specific educational approaches may be used to thwart new attitudes concerning consumption and childhood. Recognizing that American children early in the twentieth century were particularly vulnerable in a cultural moment of crass materialism, Canfield Fisher imagined a way to employ Montessori-based schooling to redirect the orientation of children before they became co-opted by the consumer culture. In the novel, Canfield Fisher links fiscal responsibility to physical and mental health, calling for a pattern of spending that benefits both the individual and the community.
The Lost World as Laboratory: The Politics of Evolution between Science and Fiction in the Early Decades of Twentieth-Century America
Authors: Sommer Marianne
Published: July 2012

The essay focuses on the writer Edgar Rice Burroughs (1875–1950)—the creator of Tarzan—and his contemporary and president of the American Museum of Natural History, Henry Fairfield Osborn (1857–1935). These historical figures are of interest as multimedia-versed shapers of collective fantasies of human evolution. Both men created and drew on science and fiction to produce vraisemblance in their reconstructions of human prehistory, and thus to achieve suspension of disbelief. Their main tools were arguably very different: one organized expeditions to collect fossils and installed a staff of artists and technicians at the museum to reconstruct the fossil creatures; the other turned himself into a writing-factory, producing as large an amount of words per day as possible. As is shown, the two cultures nonetheless interacted on the level of structure as well as content when bringing the dinosaurs and cavemen to life in fully equipped prehistoric worlds. The resulting windows into the human deep past were meant to educate the public through entertainment. Osborn and Burroughs engaged in “interesting experiment[s] in the mental laboratory which we call imagination” when they made different races, sexes, and national types compete in prehistoric struggles for existence. The laboratory setups were to reveal natural hierarchies, but they were also intended to transform the reader/viewer. The verbal and visual reconstructions of lost worlds served Burroughs’s and Osborn’s conservatism: the true American/Anglo-Saxon type had to be preserved, if not recovered.
Organic and Mechanistic Time and the Limits of Narrative
Authors: Kliger Ilya , Zakariya Nasser
Published: July 2012

This essay examines the narratalogical presuppositions of organic and mechanistic accounts of the world. If our hypothesis about the respective alliances between organic and mechanistic explanatory modes on the one hand and the narrative poles of sjuzhet and fabula on the other is correct, and if it is true, moreover, that narrative is necessarily constituted in the field of tension between these two narrative poles, then it is no wonder that natural-historical accounts of the world must fail to remain consistently organic or mechanistic.
Neurorhetorics: Cybernetics, Psychotropics, and the Materiality of Persuasion
Authors: Pruchnic Jeff
Published: July 2012

This article maps notable moments in, and intersections between, mid-twentieth-century scientific investigations into cybernetics and psychotropics. In particular, it focuses on the two fields' recurring interests in identifying the role of rhetoric, or persuasion, in the various networks (biological, technological, cultural) that surrounded both their scientific investigations and the presentation of such research within their formal disciplines and to the public. The article begins and ends by considering might what be learned from this history in thinking through our possible analyses of, and responses to, the contemporary moment, one in which two phenomena that very much grew from these earlier scientific inquiries—psychopharmacology and human–machine networks—are becoming increasingly ubiquitous.
William James in the Borderlands: Psychedelic Science and the "Accidental Fences" of Self
Authors: Nicotra Jodie
Published: July 2012

While William James's investigations into paranormal phenomena, mysticism, and the effects of drugs upon consciousness have been typically dismissed or overlooked by scholars, they actually prove to be consistent with his more reputable philosophical claims about pluralism, radical empiricism, and the role and purpose of science. James's self-experiments with nitrous oxide and other drugs challenged the limits of scientific practice, implemented an alternative rhetorical economy for scientific experiment, and revealed normal waking consciousness to be a habit that conceals the self's nature as something thoroughly enmeshed with and inseparable from the world. James argues for the implementation of practices that might effect the blockage or closing off of this habitual self in order to make way for difference or transformation—that is, for a more open, responsive, and ethical relation to the world.
Theoretical Borderlands: Using Multiple Theoretical Perspectives to Challenge Inequitable Power Structures in Student Development Theory
Authors: Abes Elisa S.
Published: July 2012

This article is an exploration of possibilities and methodological considerations for using multiple theoretical perspectives in research that challenges inequitable power structures in student development theory. Specifically, I explore methodological considerations when partnering queer theory and constructivism in research on lesbian identity development. Considerations include the dilemma of partnering contradictory theoretical perspectives; the politics of representation; and the personal and professional implications for researchers who partner theoretical perspectives.
Complex Systems, Imitation, and Mythical Explanations
Authors: Machuco Rosa António
Published: July 2012

In this article we analyze in a new way the epistemological concept of mythical explanation. It is shown, within the framework of the theory of dynamic and complex systems, that this kind of explanation is grounded on the substitution of distributed causation by lineal and single causes. Considering four examples, we show which mechanism is operating in that substitution. The first one concerns a computational implementation of a racial segregation model. The second one will be the analysis of an imaginary panic. The third one starts with the theory, developed by René Girard, concerning sacrifice rituals and the emergence of scapegoats. Finally, the fourth one is based on the introduction of the imitation mechanism as an explanation for the financial markets behavior.
E. J. Dionne, Jr.
Authors: Dionne E.J.
Published: July 2012

Fifteen years ago, Todd Gitlin offered a precise and devastating metaphor for what he saw then as the academic
Left’s default from democratic politics. In The Twilight of Common Dreams, Gitlin noted that while the Left was
“marching on the English department,” the right took the White House. More than they ever want to admit, intellectuals of the Left are influenced by the cultural politics that dominate their
time. While the political right spent the 1980s and 1990s preaching the gospel of privatization and the virtue of
pursuing individual satisfactions, many in the progressive academy engaged in their own form of withdrawal. An
aesthetic radicalism replaced political radicalism, and a battle over texts and canons displaced the fight over whose
interests would be served by government and whose ideas would define mainstream politics.
Alice Kessler-Harris
Authors: Kessler-Harris Alice
Published: July 2012

I count myself among those disappointed in Barack Obama’s presidency so far. I had not expected miracles, but I had
hoped for a more dramatic turnaround in our politics: for an end to the war in Afghanistan; a rapid closing of
Guantánamo; and a denunciation of torture, rendition, and the endless pursuit of an elusive and protean terrorism. On
Election Day last year, I anticipated a more generous health care bill and a restoration of modest regulations on banks
and financial investment firms. Obama led us to expect these things of him when, in his mellifluous and powerful
voice, he advocated “change you can believe in.” I understood candidate Obama’s call to be not simply one of political
style—not simply a cry to throw the scoundrels out. I wanted to believe that it was also a call to recalibrate our moral
compass.
Martha Nussbaum
Authors: Nussbaum Martha
Published: July 2012

What relationship American intellectuals should have toward mass culture—television, films, mass-market books,
popular music, and the Internet—will vary as much as the people themselves. I think that it’s good if there are some intellectuals who get deeply involved with these media, because this will help
intellectuals keep contact with a wider public. It’s much harder to do that now than it was formerly, given the decline of
print journalism. But I hope not too many will become starry-eyed about these media and forget about the habit of
slow reading, which is such a large part of good thinking. Sometimes the new media can help reading: for example, I
now listen to novels on my iPod while I am running, and I “read” a lot more Trollope and Eliot than I used to. Often,
though, the new media discourage people from reading books.
Churches or Books?: Sethian Social Organization
Authors: Scott Alan B.
Published: July 2012

Scholars have disagreed about the level of group structure in Sethianism. Drawing on Rodney Stark and William Bainbridge's distinction between "cult movements" and "audience cults," the paper argues that Sethianism for the most part must have had a relatively weak group structure, similar to that characteristic of ancient astrology and other occult lore. Evidence for this thesis includes the surprising lack of firsthand information about Sethianism's social character, the extent of its internal variation, and its parasitic character.
Episcopal Courts in Late Antiquity
Authors: Lamoreaux John C.
Published: July 2012

Constantine's legislation inaugurated a new stage in the development of the late antique episcopal office: henceforward bishops would have the privilege and duty of presiding over ecclesiastical courts. Judging from the constant complaints of the bishops, it must be concluded that these courts were immensely popular. And yet, for all their importance in the daily life of late antique Christian communities, we know remarkably little about these courts. Why did the men and women of late antiquity there seek resolution of their conflicts? What of the day-to-day functioning of the episcopal courts? Where, for example, were the trials held? What was the judicial procedure? What sorts of cases might come before the bishop? Above all, one seeks to understand how the episcopal office was transformed as the bishops became ever more deeply involved in the temporal affairs of their cities and villages. These and other questions are considered in this article.
Those Who "Ignorantly Deny Him": The Opponents of Ignatius of Antioch
Authors: Sumney Jerry L.
Published: July 2012

The debate about the opponents of Ignatius of Antioch has produced no consensus, in part because of a lack of attention to questions of method. This essay applies to three letters of Ignatius a method for identifying opponents which focuses on individual letters. This method bases its identification of a letter's opponents on explicit statements about them, using other statements within a letter only when they relate to issues raised in these explicit statements. This method further evaluates a text's usefulness for identifying opponents on the basis of the type of context in which it appears. The result of applying this method to Ignatius' letters to the Smyrneans, Philadelphians, and Magnesians is that three different types of situations emerge: In Smyrneans we find docetists who seem to be absent from the bishop's Eucharist. In Philadelphians Ignatius opposes some who understand differently and grant more autority to the Hebrew Scriptures than he does. They also seem to see a different sort of relationship between Christianity and Judaism than Ignatius does, but do not advocate taking up any Jewish practices. In Magnesians Ignatius does not face opponents in the sense that there is a group which actively opposes him or his teaching. There are some, however, who do not submit to the bishop's authority as he thinks they should, but they do not seem to be an organized party. Taking each letter on its own, these letters indicate that Ignatius found different problems, not a single heresy, in the churches of Asia Minor to which he writes.
The Death of Mythology: The Case of Joppa
Authors: Harvey Paul B.
Published: July 2012

The ancient Palestinian port of Joppa's associations with a specific classical myth (that of Andromeda), as well as with certain personalities of the Old and New Testaments (Jonah; Peter and Tabitha), provide evidence for assessing the comprehension and exploitation of myth and religious traditions on the vernacular level. The same evidence enables discussion of one set of circumstances whereby the classical mythological tradition was replaced, to meet the requirements of Christian pilgrims, by Judaeo-Christian interests.
Turncoats and Double Agents in Restoration and Revolutionary England: The Case of Robert Ferguson, the Plotter
Authors: Zook Melinda S.
Published: July 2012

The propagandist and conspirator, Robert Ferguson, so-called, The Plotter, has always been something of a puzzle to historians; his conversion from Whig to Jacobite following the Glorious Revolution has always been particularly troubling. This essay argues that Ferguson's winding career was far from unusual in the late Stuart era. Many politicians, prelates, playwrights and publicists altered their principles or even their religion within the fast changing political environment of Restoration and Revolution England. Secondly, this essay takes Ferguson seriously as a sophisticated political theorist, arguing that his political principles, from Whig to Jacobite, remained fairly consistent and revolve around his understanding of England's ancient constitution. His political life took many twists and turns, but his basic ideology remained the same.
"The aged pollard's shade": Gainsborough's Landscape with Woodcutter and Milkmaid
Authors: Smith Elise Lawton
Published: July 2012

Smith considers the aesthetic and political significance of the pollard in Georgian England, focusing on the pollarded oak in Gainsborough's Landscape with Woodcutter and Milkmaid (1755). Interpretations can be grouped into several distinct though often overlapping categories: as a response to enclosure, a commentary on larger issues of sin and transience, and an early version of the picturesque. Smith argues that Gainsborough's use of "complementary pairs," identified by John Barrell in the figural representation, can be extended to the two prominent oaks: one vigorous, unlopped, pointing to the future of England, the other gnarled and decaying but still a sign of the productivity of the English oak, and thus of the English citizenry.