bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Ceria Support Morphology on Au Single‐Atom Catalysts for Benzyl Alcohol Selective Oxidation
Authors: Zhou Xinyue , Mavridis Aristarchos , Isaacs Mark A. , Drivas Charalampos , D'Agostino Carmine , Parlett Christopher M. A.
Published: April 2024

Alcohol oxidations are a key industrial chemical transformation, with aldehydes and ketones finding use in an array of applications. Nobel metals are known for their activity towards this chemoselective transformation, however, sustainable catalyst synthesis requires optimal utilisation of these scarce elements. Here, we report Au catalytic systems based on the deposition of isolated Au sites on different morphologies of ceria in which different surface facets of the support are exposed. Through tailoring the support morphology and from extensive catalyst characterisation, it is shown that the exposed facet is critical for controlling the formation (or not) of isolated Au sites. Both the 110 and 111 facets are capable of this feat, yielding single‐atom sites for rod, octahedron, and polyhedron morphologies. In contrast, the 100 facet is not, resulting in Au nanoparticles on cubic ceria. This dictation over Au species is critical to benzyl alcohol oxidation capacity at mild conditions and in the absence of a soluble base, with only single‐atom catalyst (SAC) systems demonstrating activity. Furthermore, the exposed surface facet also governs the degree of surface oxygen vacancies, which is critical to catalyst activity due to their control over substrate adsorption strength, as revealed through T1/T2 NMR relaxation measurements.
Regulating Electrode/Electrolyte Interface with Additives towards Dendrite‐Free Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Jin , Sun Yongxin , Zhang Dongdong , Luo Ding , Wu Haiyang , Wang Xu , Yang Chengwu , Zhang Lulu , Yang Xuelin , Qin Jiaqian
Published: April 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are highly promising for grid‐scale energy storage due to their high‐safety and low‐cost characteristics. Nevertheless, the progress in AZIBs has been impeded due to challenges encompassing corrosion, hydrogen evolution reaction, and the formation of dendrites on Zn anodes. These issues arise from the decomposition of active water molecules in the Zn2+ solvation structure in the electrolyte. Various strategies have been proposed to regulate the electrode/electrolyte interface to effectively address these problems. In spite of remarkable headway, an inadequacy of comprehensive studies addressing the mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of the electrode/electrolyte interface is evident within scientific literature. This overview aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the strategies for regulating the electrode/electrolyte interface, focusing on dendrite‐free and side reactions‐suppressed AZIBs. These strategies include the introduction of metal ion additives, inorganic additives, surfactant additives, polymer additives and organic additives. Furthermore, a detailed examination is made on the effects and underlying mechanisms associated with modifying the electrolyte at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte. Moreover, an appraisal is provided on the performance metrics of diverse strategies and prospective research directions are recommended as well.
Hydroxylamine‐Mediated C(sp2)−H Trifluoromethylation of Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Zhong Bing , Dong Likun , Zhang Yu‐Shan , Luo Hai‐Tian , Yang Jin‐Dong , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: April 2024

Introduction of the trifluoromethyl (CF3) group into organic compounds has garnered substantial interest because of its significant role in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Here, we report a hydroxylamine‐mediated radical process for C(sp2)−H trifluoromethylation of terminal alkenes. The reaction shows good reactivity, impressive E/Z selectivity (up to >20 : 1), and broad functional group compatibility. Expansion of this approach to perfluoroalkylation and late‐stage trifluoromethylation of bioactive molecules demonstrates its promising application potential. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction follows a radical addition and subsequent elimination pathway.
Smartphone‐Based Sensing of Cortisol by Functionalized Rhodamine Probes
Authors: Santonocito Rossella , Cavallaro Alessia , Puglisi Roberta , Pappalardo Andrea , Tuccitto Nunzio , Petroselli Manuel , Trusso Sfrazzetto Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

During a stress condition, the human body synthesizes catecholamine neurotransmitters and specific hormones (called “stress hormones”), the most important of which is cortisol. The monitoring of cortisol levels should be extremely important to control the stress levels, and for this reason, it shows important medical applications. The common analytical methods (HPLC, GC‐MS) cannot be used in real life, due to the bulky size of the instruments and the necessity of specialized personnel. Molecular probes solve these problems due to their fast and easy use. The synthesis of new fluorescent rhodamine probes, able to interact by non‐covalent interactions with cortisol, the recognition properties in solution as well as in solid state by Strip Test, using a smartphone as detector, are here reported. DFT calculations and FT‐IR measurements suggest the formation of supramolecular complexes through hydrogen bonds as main non‐covalent interaction. The present study represents one of the first sensor, based on synthetical chemical receptors, able to detect cortisol in a linear range from 1 mM to 1 pM, based on non‐covalent molecular recognition and paves the way to the realization of practical point‐of‐care device for the monitoring of cortisol in real live.
Two‐layer dynamic economic nonlinear model predictive control for a lithium‐ion battery charge process with random disturbances
Authors: Guo Meijun , Ren Mifeng , Zhang Wenjie , Yang Zhile , Chen Junghui
Published: April 2024

The charging process of lithium‐ion batteries is necessary for normal operation, and improper lithium‐ion battery charging strategy can cause side reactions, significant temperature rise, performance degradation, and safety concerns. This paper proposes a two‐layer dynamic economic nonlinear model predictive control economic model predictive control (EMPC) method for lithium‐ion battery charge management in which the non‐Gaussian random noise of voltage and current signal are taken into account. In the two‐layer EMPC, the upper layer finds the optimal reference trajectory, and the power in the future prediction horizon is chosen as an economic indicator to optimize the upper layer. The lower layer tracks the optimal trajectory, and model predictive control based on generalized correntropy is used. The economic cost of the system and the dynamic changes of the process are considered to greatly reduce the computational complexity and realize rapid battery charge management. Finally, the simulation results show that the tracking error of the two‐layer EMPC method based on generalized correntropy is stable around 0, while the tracking error of the two‐layer EMPC method based on MSE is stable around 0.003. The average control action times of the proposed two‐layer EMPC and single‐layer EMPC are 0.0052 and 0.0267 s, respectively. It is verified that the proposed method performs better for the lithium‐ion battery charging process with random disturbances.
Univariate versus multivariate flood frequency analysis in tropical region: Employing two classes of hydrological models
Authors: Deb Proloy , Malakar Pragnaditya , Bora Pradip Kumar , Dubey Swatantra Kumar
Published: April 2024

Flood frequency analysis is critical in flood planning and management and hydraulic structures design. While univariate flood frequency analysis (using the peak flow) is still widely employed in developing countries, how does it compare to the robust copula‐based bivariate flood frequency analysis remains unknown. Moreover, there is also a decade‐long critical question whether less data requiring hydrological models can be an alternate to the data‐intensive models in flood prediction, especially in a developing tropical country like India? To answer these questions, this study aims in comparing two types of hydrological models (IHACRES, a less data requiring model, and VIC‐3L, a data‐intensive model) in simulating the peak flows, following which the simulated peak flows are used in a detailed comparison of the univariate and bivariate flood frequency analysis. The results indicate that the data‐intensive fully distributed hydrological model performs poorly relative to the conceptually lumped IHACRES model at the study catchment in simulating the peak flows. Moreover, both univariate and copula‐based bivariate flood frequency analyses show similar peak flows for a given return period at the study catchment. Given that bivariate flood frequency analysis accounts for both peak flow and flood volume, it is recommended over the univariate flood frequency analysis since the results are widely applicable for flood planning and hydraulic structure designing the developing countries.
The pivotal role of irradiation‐induced apoptosis in the pathogenesis and therapy of medulloblastoma
Authors: Richard Seidu A.
Published: April 2024

Background

Medulloblastoma (MB) is a rare primitive neuroectodermal tumors originating from the cerebellum. MB is the most common malignant primary brain tumor of childhood. MB originates from neural precursor cells in distinctive regions of the rhombic lip, and their maturation occurs in the cerebellum or the brain stem during embryonal development. Also, apoptosis is a programmed cell death associated with numerous physiological as well as pathological regulations.

Recent Findings

Irradiation (IR)‐induce apoptosis triggers cell death, with or without intervening mitosis within a few hours of IR and these share different morphologic alteration such as, loss of normal nuclear structure as well as degradation of DNA. Moreover, MB is strikingly sensitive to DNA‐damaging therapies and the role of apoptosis a key treatment modality. Furthermore, in MB, the apoptotic pathways are made up of several triggers, modulators, as well as effectors. Notably, IR‐induced apoptotic mechanisms in MB therapy are very complex and they either induce radiosensitivity or inhibit radioresistance leading to potential effective treatment strategies for MB.

Conclusion

This review explicitly explores the pivotal roles of IR‐induced apoptosis in the pathogenesis and therapy of MB.
New parallelism and heuristic approaches for generating tree t‐spanners in graphs
Authors: Cunha Luís , Marciano Eriky , Moraes Anderson , Santiago Leandro , Santos Carlos
Published: April 2024

The ‐admissibility is a min‐max problem that concerns to determine whether a graph contains a spanning tree in which the distance between any two adjacent vertices of  is at most  in . The stretch index of , , is the smallest  for which is ‐admissible. This problem is in P for , NP‐complete for , , and remaining open for . In a very recent development, Couto et al. (Inf Process Lett, 2022;177: 106265) introduced both sequential and parallel algorithms for constructing spanning trees. Additionally, they proposed two greedy heuristics for generating a candidate solution tree, but they left unresolved the issue of how to decide between two vertices when both have equal chances of being chosen in a greedy step. This criterion is important, since different branches can yield different stretch indexes. In response to this question, we developed nine new heuristics that use the concept of vertex importance in complex networks. Our research evaluates results on several types of graphs, including Barabási‐Albert, Erdős‐Rényi, Watts‐Strogatz, and bipartite graphs. Furthermore, we introduce a new parallel algorithm that employs a method using induced cycle of the graph to compare its performance with previously proposed algorithms. We develop a deep analysis on the proposed strategies (parallel and heuristics) comparing all of them to the other ones in the literature and as a result we obtain the best results so far in order to obtain exact values (or heuristics) of stretch indexes.
Perfectionistic Self‐Presentation and Psychopathology: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Casale Silvia , Svicher Andrea , Fioravanti Giulia , Hewitt Paul L. , Flett Gordon L. , Pozza Andrea
Published: April 2024

Decades of research implicate perfectionism as a risk factor for psychopathology. Most research has focused on trait perfectionism (i.e., needing to be perfect), but there is a growing focus on perfectionistic self‐presentation (PSP) (i.e., the need to seem perfect). The current article reports the results of a meta‐analysis of previous research on the facets of PSP and psychopathology outcomes (either clinical diagnoses of psychiatric disorders or symptoms of these disorders). A systematic literature search retrieved 30 relevant studies (37 samples; N = 15,072), resulting in 192 individual effect‐size indexes that were analysed with random‐effect meta‐analysis. Findings support the notion of PSP as a transdiagnostic factor by showing that PSP facets are associated with various forms of psychopathology, especially social anxiety, depression, vulnerable narcissism and—to lesser extent—grandiose narcissism and anorexia nervosa. The results indicated that there both commonalities across the three PSP and some unique findings highlighting the need to distinguish among appearing perfect, avoiding seeming imperfect and avoiding disclosures of imperfections. Additional analyses yielded little evidence in the results across studies including undergraduates, community samples and clinical samples. Our discussion includes a focus on factors and processes that contribute to the association between PSP and psychopathology.
USP7 inhibitors suppress tumour neoangiogenesis and promote synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors by downregulating fibroblast VEGF
Authors: Jurisic Anamarija , Sung Pei‐Ju , Wappett Mark , Daubriac Julien , Lobb Ian T. , Kung Wei‐Wei , Crawford Nyree , Page Natalie , Cassidy Eamon , Feutren‐Burton Stephanie , Rountree J. S. Shane , Helm Matthew D. , O'Dowd Colin R. , Kennedy Richard D. , Gavory Gerald , Cranston Aaron N. , Longley Daniel B. , Jacq Xavier , Harrison Timothy
Published: April 2024

Background

Understanding how to modulate the microenvironment of tumors that are resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a major challenge in oncology.Here we investigate the ability of USP7 inhibitors to reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME) by inhibiting secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from fibroblasts.

Methods

To understand the role played by USP7 in the TME, we systematically evaluated the effects of potent, selective USP7 inhibitors on co‐cultures comprising components of the TME, using human primary cells. We also evaluated the effects of USP7 inhibition on tumor growth inhibition in syngeneic models when dosed in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Results

Abrogation of VEGF secretion from fibroblasts in response to USP7 inhibition resulted in inhibition of tumor neoangiogenesis and increased tumor recruitment of CD8‐positive T‐lymphocytes, leading to significantly improved sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In syngeneic models, treatment with USP7 inhibitors led to striking tumor responses resulting in significantly improved survival.

Conclusions

USP7‐mediated reprograming of the TME is not linked to its previously characterized role in modulating MDM2 but does require p53 and UHRF1 in addition to the well‐characterized VEGF transcription factor, HIF‐1α. This represents a function of USP7 that is unique to fibroblasts, and which is not observed in cancer cells or other components of the TME. Given the potential for USP7 inhibitors to transform “immune desert” tumors into “immune responsive” tumors, this paves the way for a novel therapeutic strategy combining USP7 inhibitors with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
Photonic generation of frequency 12‐tupling millimeter‐wave based on three cascaded‐MZMs and polarization multiplexing
Authors: Rani Ankita , Kedia Deepak
Published: April 2024

Optical millimeter‐wave generation is a predominant approach for the generation of high‐quality carrier signals for future wireless transmissions. This paper proposes an optical frequency 12‐tupling millimeter‐wave generation scheme using three cascaded‐MZMs assisted by polarization multiplexing for carrier suppression. A three‐stage MZM architecture produces the desired sixth‐order sidebands along with the undesired carrier signal. The proper adjustment of polarization direction and angle of polarization rotation lead to the effective suppression of the undesired optical carrier signal. A comprehensive mathematical analysis has been accomplished to evaluate the system's performance, and the obtained results are also validated through simulation findings. The derived results demonstrate that the proposed system is capable of operating over a broad modulation index range extending from 1.5 to 4.5, thereby relaxing the stringent requirements for a constant modulation index. The proposed system generates high‐purity mm‐wave signals with an OSSR of 62.06 dB and an RFSSR of 54.79 dB at a modulation index of 2.6. Moreover, it is also validated that even if the system parameters like modulation index, polarizer rotation angle, and phase difference among RF driving signals deviate from their ideal values to a certain degree, the system performance remains acceptable. The involvement of polarization technique, omission of wavelength‐dependent devices, and a large modulation index operating range make this methodology readily appealing for implementation in radio‐over‐fiber transmissions.
Examining the propensity and nature of criminal risk behaviours in frontotemporal dementia syndromes and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kumfor Fiona , Wei Grace , Ries Nola , Bennett Hayley , D'Mello Mirelle , Kaizik Cassandra , Piguet Olivier , Hodges John R.
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION

Some people with dementia develop changes in behaviour and cognition that may lead to interactions with police or the legal system. However, large, prospective case–control studies examining these behaviours are lacking.

METHODS

One hundred and forty‐four people with dementia and 53 controls completed the Misdemeanours and Transgressions Screener.

RESULTS

Criminal risk behaviours were reported in: 65.6% of behavioural‐variant frontotemporal dementia, 46.2% of right‐lateralised semantic dementia, and 27.0% of Alzheimer's disease patients. In 19.1% of patients these behaviours led to contact with police or authority figures. Compared to controls, people with dementia showed higher rates of physical assault (p = 0.024), financial/professional recklessness (p = 0.009), and inappropriate behaviours (p = 0.052).

DISCUSSION

Criminal risk behaviours are common across dementia subtypes and may be one of the first clinical signs of frontotemporal dementia. Further research to understand how to balance risk minimisation with an individual's liberties as well as the inappropriate criminalisation of people with dementia is needed.

Highlights

The Misdemeanours and Transgressions Screener is a new tool to assess criminal risk behaviours.

Forty‐seven percent of patients with dementia show criminal risk behaviour after dementia onset.

Behaviours included verbal abuse, traffic violations, physical assault.

New onset of criminal risk behaviours >50 years is a clinical sign for frontotemporal dementia.
Emotional dysregulation moderates the relation between perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescent military dependents
Authors: Spinner Holly , Thompson Katherine A. , Bauman Viviana , Lavender Jason M. , Thorstad Isabel , Schrag Ruby , Sbrocco Tracy , Schvey Natasha A. , Ford Brian , Ford Caitlin , Wilfley Denise E. , Jorgensen Sarah , Klein David A. , Quinlan Jeffrey , Yanovski Jack A. , Haigney Mark , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian
Published: April 2024

Objective

Adolescent children of US service members (i.e., military‐dependent youth) face unique stressors that increase risk for various forms of disinhibited eating, including emotional eating. Difficulties with adaptively responding to stress and aversive emotions may play an important role in emotional eating. This study examined emotion dysregulation as a potential moderator of the association between perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescent military dependents.

Method

Participants were military‐dependent youth (N = 163, 57.7% female, Mage = 14.5 ± 1.6, MBMI‐z = 1.9 ± 0.4) at risk for adult binge‐eating disorder and high weight enrolled in a randomized controlled prevention trial. Prior to intervention, participants completed questionnaires assessing perceived stress and emotional eating. Parents completed a questionnaire assessing their adolescent's emotion dysregulation. Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro in SPSS and adjusted for theoretically relevant sociodemographic covariates.

Results

The interaction between adolescent perceived stress and emotion dysregulation (parent‐reported about the adolescent) in relation to adolescent emotional eating was found to be significant, such that higher emotion dysregulation magnified the association between perceived stress and emotional eating (p = .010). Examination of simple slopes indicated that associations between perceived stress and emotional eating were strongest for youth with above‐average emotion dysregulation, and non‐significant for youth with average or below‐average emotion dysregulation.

Discussion

Findings suggest that greater emotion dysregulation may increase risk for emotional eating in response to stress among military‐dependent youth at risk for binge‐eating disorder or high weight. Improving emotion regulation skills may be a useful target for eating disorder prevention among youth who are at risk for emotional eating.

Public Significance

Prior research has shown that adolescent military dependents are at increased risk for eating disorders and high weight. The current study found that emotion dysregulation moderated the relationship between perceived stress and emotional eating among military‐dependent youth. There may be clinical utility in intervening on emotion regulation for adolescent dependents at particular risk for emotional eating and subsequent eating disorders.
A full‐length 18S ribosomal DNA metabarcoding approach for determining protist community diversity using Nanopore sequencing
Authors: Gaonkar Chetan C. , Campbell Lisa
Published: April 2024

Protist diversity studies are frequently conducted using DNA metabarcoding methods. Currently, most studies have utilized short read sequences to assess protist diversity. One limitation of using short read sequences is the low resolution of the markers. For better taxonomic resolution longer sequences of the 18S rDNA are required because the full‐length has both conserved and hypervariable regions. In this study, a new primer pair combination was used to amplify the full‐length 18S rDNA and its efficacy was validated with a test community and then validated with field samples. Full‐length sequences obtained with the Nanopore MinION for protist diversity from field samples were compared with Illumina MiSeq V4 and V8‐V9 short reads. Sequences generated from the high‐throughput sequencers are Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). Metabarcoding results show high congruency among the long reads and short reads in taxonomic annotation at the major taxonomic group level; however, not all taxa could be successfully detected from sequences. Based on the criteria of ≥95% similarity and ≥1000 bp query length, 298 genera were identified by all markers in the field samples, 250 (84%) were detected by 18S, while only 226 (76%) by V4 and 213 (71%) by V8‐V9. Of the total 85 dinoflagellate genera observed, 19 genera were not defined by 18S dinoflagellate ASVs compared to only three among the total 52 diatom genera. The discrepancy in this resolution is due to the lack of taxonomically available 18S reference sequences in particular for dinoflagellates. Overall, this preliminary investigation demonstrates that application of the full‐length 18S rDNA approach can be successful in field studies.
Paradox of disproportionate atrial functional mitral regurgitation and survival after transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair
Authors: Doldi Philipp M. , Stolz Lukas , Kassar Mohammad , Kalbacher Daniel , Petronio Anna Sonia , Butter Christian , von Bardeleben Ralph Stephan , Iliadis Christos , Grayburn Paul , Hausleiter Jörg
Published: April 2024

Aims

This study aims to assess the applicability of the mitral regurgitation (MR) proportionality concept in patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation (aFMR) treated with transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (M‐TEER). We hypothesized that patients with disproportionate MR (higher MR relative to left ventricular size) would exhibit different outcomes compared to those with proportionate MR, despite undergoing M‐TEER.

Methods and results

We retrospectively analysed 98 patients with aFMR from the EuroSMR registry who underwent M‐TEER between 2008 and 2019. Patients met criteria for aFMR (normal indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic volume [LVEDV], preserved left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≥ 50% without regional wall motion abnormalities, and structurally normal mitral valves). We excluded patients with missing effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) or LVEDV data. The primary endpoint was 2‐year mortality, with an EROA/LVEDV ratio employed to differentiate disproportionate from proportionate MR. Procedural success and baseline characteristics were analysed, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify mortality predictors. The mean patient age was 79 ± 7.3 years, with 68.8% female, and 79% had a history of atrial fibrillation. The mean EROA was 0.27 ± 0.14 cm2, and LVEDV was 95.6 ± 33.7 mL. Disproportionate MR was identified with an EROA/LVEDV ratio >0.339 cm2/100 mL. While procedural success was similar in both groups, disproportionate MR was associated with a numerically higher estimate of systolic pulmonary artery pressures (sPAP) and rates of NYHA ≥III and TR ≥ 3+. Disproportionate MR had a significant association with increased 2‐year mortality (P < 0.001). The EROA/LVEDV ratio and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were independent predictors of 2‐year mortality (EROA/LVEDV: HR: 1.35, P = 0.010; TAPSE: HR: 0.85, P = 0.020).

Conclusions

This analysis introduces the MR proportionality concept in aFMR patients and its potential prognostic value. Paradoxically, disproportionate MR in aFMR was linked to a 1.35‐fold increase in 2‐year mortality post‐M‐TEER, emphasizing the importance of accurate preprocedural FMR characterization. Our findings in patients with disproportionate MR indicate that a high degree of aFMR with high regurgitant volumes may lead to aggravated symptoms, which is a known contributor to increased mortality following M‐TEER. These results underline the need for further research into the pathophysiology of aFMR to inform potential preventative and therapeutic strategies, ensuring optimal patient outcomes.
An examination of state and trait urgency in individuals with binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Wonderlich Joseph A. , Forester Glen , Crosby Ross D. , Engel Scott G. , Crow Scott J. , Peterson Carol B. , Wonderlich Stephen A.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Negative urgency (i.e., acting rashly when experiencing negative affect; NU), is a theorised maintenance factor in binge‐eating type eating disorders. This study examined the association between trait NU and eating disorder severity, momentary changes in state NU surrounding episodes of binge eating, and the momentary mechanistic link between affect, rash action, and binge‐eating risk.

Methods

Participants were 112 individuals with binge‐eating disorder (BED). Baseline measures included the UPPS‐P Impulsive Behaviour Scale to assess trait NU and the Eating Disorders Examination to assess binge‐eating frequency and global eating disorder severity. Ecological momentary assessment captured real‐time data on binge eating, negative affect, and state NU.

Results

Multiple regression analysis revealed a strong association between trait NU and eating disorder severity. Generalised estimating equations showed that state NU increased before and decreased after binge‐eating episodes, and that this pattern was not moderated by trait‐level NU. Finally, a multilevel structural equation model indicated that increases in rash action mediated the momentary relationship between states of high negative affect and episodes of binge eating.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the importance of both trait and state NU in binge‐eating type eating disorders, and suggest NU as a potential key target for intervention.
Glacial and volcanic landforms in the upper catchment of Claro River, Central Chile (35.5°S): A Late Quaternary geomorphological case study
Authors: Mejías Osorio Paulina , Cortés‐Aranda Joaquín , Salas Pablo , Mardones María
Published: April 2024

The upper catchment of the Claro river is located within the Transitional Southern Volcanic Zone in the Maule Region of Chile (35.5°S), at the foothills of Manantial Pelado volcano, a Pleistocene stratovolcano whose morphology suggests the occurrence of important glacial processes in the area. The observed glacial landforms can be sequenced and associated with episodes of volcanic activity. Different units of volcanic and glacial origin were identified based on field observations, detailed mapping, and digital elevation model and satellite image analysis. The contact relations between them made it possible to discern four events that can be linked to Marine Isotope Stages 8, 6, 4‐2, and to the Neoglacial. We propose seven stages in the geomorphological evolution from the late Pleistocene to the late Holocene, where there is coexistence between volcanic and glacial episodes, such as the emplacement of the Manantial Pelado volcano overlying the Abanico and Cola de Zorro formations; a subsequent debris avalanche; the enlargement of the Del Indio valley during the Penultimate Glaciation; the construction of Cerro Redondo (a minor eruptive center at the head of Del Indio valley); ongoing fluvial incision; and Neoglacial advances. The relative chronology proposed in this work contributes to clarifying the Pleistocene–Holocene geomorphological history in this catchment and to further understand the interplay between volcanic and glacial processes in the central Chilean Andes during the Quaternary.
Hybrid forecasting of crude oil volatility index: The cross‐market effects of stock market jumps
Authors: Jiang Gongyue , Qiao Gaoxiu , Wang Lu , Ma Feng
Published: April 2024

From the cross‐market perspective, this paper investigates crude oil volatility index (OVX) forecasts by proposing a hybrid method, which combines the data‐driven SVR technique and parametric models. In terms of parametric models, we utilize GARCH‐type models with jumps, and the forecasting effects of five non‐parametric jumps (including interday and intraday jump tests) of stock market are also explored. Empirical results show that our approach can substantially increase forecasting accuracy. In addition, the model confidence set test and robust test reaffirm the superiority of the novel hybrid method. From the assessment of economic significance, the advantages of the hybrid method for volatility index forecasting are further confirmed. All these findings imply that jumps of stock market can be helpful in forecasting OVX, especially after the introduction of the hybrid method. Our work can certainly provide a new insight for volatility forecasting and cross‐market research.
The role of community pharmacists and their perception towards antimicrobial stewardship in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Alkadhimi Akram , Dawood Omar T. , Khan Amer H.
Published: April 2024

Background

This study aimed to assess the role of community pharmacists and their perception toward antimicrobial stewardship, in addition to identifying factors influencing their perception and practices in community pharmacy.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was carried out among community pharmacists regarding antimicrobial stewardship. Convenience sampling was used to obtain the required sample from a community pharmacy in Baghdad. In total, 381 participants have completed the survey.

Results

The majority of the participants (85.6%) strongly agreed/agreed that “antimicrobial stewardship programs reduce the problems of antibiotic resistance”; and 85.5% of them strongly agreed/agreed that community pharmacists required adequate training on antibiotics use. In addition, high percent of community pharmacists (88.4%) strongly agreed/agreed that pharmacists have a responsibility to take a prominent role in antimicrobial stewardship programs and infection‐control programs in the health system. The total score of perception was significantly influenced by older age groups, postgraduate degrees, and experience of 6–10 years (p < 0.001). This study also showed that 65.4% of pharmacists always/often advise patients to continue the full course of antimicrobials, and 64.9% of them reported always/often considering clinical and safety parameters before dispensing antibiotics. The role of pharmacists was significantly influenced by the younger age group, females, higher degree in pharmacy, experience of 3–5 years, and medical complex pharmacy (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Community pharmacists have a good perception toward antimicrobial stewardship programs, but their role is still limited. More efforts are needed to design better strategies for antimicrobial stewardship in community pharmacy.
International guidelines for intratumoral and intranodal injection of NBTXR3 nanoparticles in head and neck cancers
Authors: Liem Xavier , de Baère Thierry , Vivar Omar I. , Seiwert Tanguy Y. , Shen Colette , Pápai Zsuzsanna , Moreno Victor , Takácsi‐Nagy Zoltán , Helfferich Frigyes , Thariat Juliette , Gooi Zhen , Yom Sue S. , Bossi Paolo , Ferris Robert L. , Hackman Trevor G. , Le Tourneau Christophe , Rodriguez Joseph , Hoffmann Caroline
Published: April 2024

Background

An international multidisciplinary panel of experts aimed to provide consensus guidelines describing the optimal intratumoral and intranodal injection of NBTXR3 hafnium oxide nanoparticles in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and cervical lymph nodes and to review data concerning safety, feasibility, and procedural aspects of administration.

Methods

The Delphi method was used to determine consensus. A 4‐member steering committee and a 10‐member monitoring committee wrote and revised the guidelines, divided into eight sections. An independent 3‐member reading committee reviewed the recommendations.

Results

After two rounds of voting, strong consensus was obtained on all recommendations. Intratumoral and intranodal injection was deemed feasible. NBTXR3 volume calculation, choice of patients, preparation and injection procedure, potential side effects, post injection, and post treatment follow‐up were described in detail.

Conclusions

Best practices for the injection of NBTXR3 were defined, thus enabling international standardization of intratumoral nanoparticle injection.
Transoral robotic surgery with free flap reconstruction: Functional outcomes of 241 patients at a single institution
Authors: Kaki Praneet C. , Lam Doreen , Sangal Neel R. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Chalian Ara C. , Brody Robert M. , Weinstein Gregory S. , Cannady Steven B.
Published: April 2024

Background

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal malignancy optimizes oncologic outcomes while preserving functionality. This study identifies patterns of functional recovery after TORS with free flap reconstruction (FFR).

Methods

Retrospective cohort study at a tertiary care center of patients with primary oropharyngeal tumors treated with TORS with FFR between 2010 and 2022. Patients were categorized into: adjuvant chemoradiation or radiation, or no adjuvant therapy (NAT). Functional outcomes were measured by functional oral intake scale (FOIS).

Results

241 patients were included. FOIS declined at first postoperative appointment (median = 7.0 to 2.0, IQR = [7.0, 7.0], [2.0, 4.0]), and progressively improved to 6.0 (5.0, 6.0) after 1 year, with NAT having the highest FOIS (7.0, p < 0.05). Predictors of poor long‐term FOIS included RT and hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) involvement (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

TORS with FFR leads to good long‐term function with minimal intake restrictions. Radiation therapy and CN XII involvement increase risk of worse functional outcomes.
Available rehabilitation technology with the potential to be incorporated into the clinical practice of physiotherapists: A systematic review
Authors: e Siqueira Tarciano Batista , Parraça José , Sousa João Paulo
Published: April 2024

Background

The development of prototypes capable of intervening in the area of rehabilitation in physical therapy clinical practice activities that were previously carried out in a traditional way, that is, manually, demonstrates how technology is having an impact on professional careers such as physiotherapy.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive examination of various technologies employed in the facilitation of patient rehabilitation, with a focus on their potential integration within the clinical practice of physical therapists.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search in four electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, PEDro, and PubMed) for research on rehabilitation technologies. The eligible studies should demonstrate a clear utilization of technology in various aspects of the clinical approach to the rehabilitation process and have been published between 2000 and 2021 in either Portuguese or English.

Results

A total of 18 articles that satisfied the selection criteria were included in the study. The studies were classified into four distinct categories of rehabilitation technologies, which were determined by the specific characteristics of the technology employed and its integration with the therapeutic approach to rehabilitation. These categories include digital technologies, artificial intelligence and/or robotics, virtual technologies, and hybrid technologies.

Implications on Physiotherapy Practice

Rehabilitation technologies possess the capacity to effectively facilitate clinical activities performed by physical therapy professionals, including injury prevention, movement monitoring, and coordination of rehabilitation programs, with minimal or negligible intervention from the physical therapist. Further research is required to ascertain the precise capabilities of various technologies in collaborating with physiotherapists to deliver comprehensive care for patients' physical well‐being, encompassing both therapeutic and preventive approaches.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO registration number CRD42020222288
Exploring attitudinal barriers to participation in inpatient fall risk assessment using the Theoretical Domains Framework: A survey of providers
Authors: Carter Emily L. , Hallen Sarah A. M. , Welch Gavin W. , Gordon Erin N. , Parker Mark G.
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims

Lack of provider (physicians and advanced practice providers) participation in fall risk assessment was theorized to be contributing to rising rates of falls with injury at our institution. This project sought to identify if attitudinal barriers to inpatient provider participation in fall risk assessment were similar to those identified in other clinical settings.

Methods

Barriers to provider participation in fall risk assessment were identified in the literature. These were mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) domains to assist with interpretation of the data. A 10‐item survey using a 5‐point Likert scale (strongly agree to strongly disagree) with two open‐ended questions was developed using these barriers. The survey was distributed via email to all providers on the Medical Staff in July 2021.

Results

The response rate was 9.1% (188/2062). 72.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 65.6, 78.5) of providers at our institution did agree that fall risk assessment was within their role and 72% (95% CI: 66.1, 78.5) agreed that assessment can prevent falls. Nearly half felt that they lacked formal training in fall risk assessment (48.1% [95% CI: 41.1, 55.1]) and 52.2% (95% CI: 44.6, 58.6) agreed that other aspects of patient care took priority over falls assessment. These barriers correlated best with the TDF domains of Beliefs about Capabilities and Beliefs about Consequences.

Conclusions

Survey results indicate that interventions focused on increasing provider motivation and capability regarding fall risk assessment and helping providers prioritize fall risk assessment are potential targets for future quality improvement projects.
Preschool children's high‐frequency heart rate variability during low and high emotional challenge in relation to their self‐regulation
Authors: Clark Caron A. C. , Cardellini de Almeida Patricia , Joshi Keyoor
Published: April 2024

High‐frequency heart rate variability (hf‐HRV) theoretically provides a biomarker for self‐regulation, although studies with young children offer mixed findings regarding the relevance of emotional demands in this link. We aimed to describe variation in children's hf‐HRV during tasks with relatively high and low emotional load and to determine the relation of hf‐HRV during these tasks to different behavioural measures of children's self‐regulation. Electrocardiograms were recorded in 80 3–5‐year‐olds (M = 57 months; 54% male, 47% female; 87% White, 8% mixed/other race, 2% African American/Black, 1% were Asian and 1% Hispanic/Latinx) whilst they completed a Go/No‐go task with low emotional load and an emotionally challenging Delay Frustration task. Mean hf‐HRV was similar across these tasks, although it increased during a between‐task rest interval. Accounting for age, gender and caregiver education, hf‐HRV during the Go/No‐go task correlated with task performance, whereas hf‐HRV during the emotional task correlated with caregiver‐reported regulation (Psuedo R
2 = 03–0.05). Greater hf‐HRV withdrawal during the tasks correlated with weaker Go/No performance and increased behavioural frustration (Psuedo R
2 = 0.08–0.13). Children's maintenance of hf‐HRV during emotional and cognitive challenges may support their effective self‐regulation.
Accurate diagnosis of dementia and Alzheimer's with deep network approach based on multi‐channel feature extraction and selection
Authors: Sertkaya Mehmet Emre , Ergen Burhan , Türkoğlu Muammer , Tonkal Özgür
Published: April 2024

In this article, we have proposed a multi‐stage in‐depth approach based on the improved VGGNet architecture for automatically and accurately diagnosing dementia and Alzheimer's disease. In this approach, first of all, the learned weights of the VGG16 architecture are frozen, and multichannel attributes are extracted from each pooling layer. Then, these attributes were given to the inputs of the attribute average pooling layers, and one‐dimensional attributes were produced using the flattened layer. Distinctive and effective attributes were selected from these deep attributes by the mRMR algorithm. Finally, the selected attributes are given to the input of the eight‐layer classification model, which includes the Fully connected, Relu, and softmax layers. A publicly available data set consisting of four classes and 6400 images was used to test the correctness of the proposed architecture. In addition, since the number of images belonging to the classes in this data set is unstable, data augmentation methods were used. As a result, a 98.6% accuracy score was produced with the developed architecture. These results show that the proposed architecture outperforms the original VGG16 and previous works.
Synthetic strategy for the production of electrically polarized polyvinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene—co‐polymer osseo‐functionalized with hydroxyapatite scaffold
Authors: Swain Subhasmita , Lenka Rojaleen , Rautray Tapash
Published: April 2024

The physiological mechanism of bone tissue regeneration is intricately organized and involves several cell types, intracellular, and extracellular molecular signaling networks. To overcome the drawbacks of autografts and allografts, a number of synthetically produced scaffolds have been manufactured by integrating ceramics, polymers, and their hybrid‐composites. Considering the fact that natural bone is composed primarily of collagen and hydroxyapatite, ceramic‐polymer composite materials seem to be the most viable alternative to bone implants. Here, in this experimental study, copolymer PVDF‐TrFE has been amalgamated with HA ceramics to produce composite scaffolds as bone implants. In order to fabricate PVDF‐TrFE‐HA (polyvinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene—hydroxyapatite) composite scaffolds, solvent casting‐particulate leaching technique was devised. Two scaffold specimens were produced, with different PVDF‐TrFE and HA molar ratios (70:30 and 50:50), and then electrically polarized to observe the subsequent polarization impact on the tissue growth and the suppression of bacterial cell proliferation. Both the specimens underwent characterization to analyze their biocompatibility and bactericidal activities. The bacterial culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria on the composites was studied to understand the antibacterial characteristics. Moreover, MG63 cells cultured on these as‐formed composites provided information about osteogenesis. Improved osteogenesis and antibacterial efficacy were observed on both the composites. However, the composite with 70 wt% PVDF‐TrFE and 30 wt% HA showed a higher bactericidal effect as well as osteogenesis. It was found that PVDF‐TrFE‐HA‐based biomaterials have the potential for bone tissue engineering applications.
CircNRD1 elevates THAP domain containing 11 through sequestering microRNA‐421 to inhibit gastric cancer growth and tumorigenesis
Authors: Liu Anwen , Liang Jingcong , Wen Jianfeng
Published: April 2024

We explored the role and mechanism of circular RNAcircNRD1 in gastric cancer (GC) progression, aiming to identify new bio‐markers for the treatment and prognosis of GC patients. The RNA expression was examined by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were analyzed by 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, scratch assay and transwell assay. Western blot assay was conducted for protein expression measurement. Dual‐luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull‐down assays were conducted to verify the interaction between microRNA‐421 (miR‐421) and circNRD1 or THAP domain containing 11 (THAP11). Xenograft tumor model was established to perform in vivo experiments. CircNRD1 was notably downregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. Additionally, decreased circNRD1 level was closely associated with advanced tumor stage and dismal prognosis in GC patients. CircNRD1 overexpression suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells. CircNRD1 acted as a molecular sponge for miR‐421 in GC cells, and the antitumor impacts of circNRD1 overexpression in GC cells could be alleviated by miR‐421 overexpression. miR‐421 directly targeted THAP11, and circNRD1 could up‐regulate THAP11 expression in GC cells through sponging miR‐421. THAP11 knockdown reversed circNRD1 overexpression‐induced tumor suppressing effects in GC cells. CircNRD1 overexpression significantly blocked tumor growth in vivo. CircNRD1 suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells in vitro and blocked tumor growth in vivo via modulating miR‐421/THAP11 axis.