bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF HEMANGIOMAS
Authors: Kojimahara Masayasu , Koyama Mitsuo , Igari Ichizo , Ooneda Genju
Published: December 2008

A case of benign hemangioendothelioma which occurred in the hard palate was observed and its electron microscopic findings were described. The endothelial cells contained an abundance of cytoplasmic filaments, but they contained a small number of Weibel‐Palade bodies. Two types of endothelial cells, light and dark, were found in our specimen. The former had a cytoplasm with an abundance of ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and scant filaments. The latter had a cytoplasm with numerous cytoplasmic filaments and a well‐developed Golgi apparatus. Tight junctions were seen between the endothelial cells. The majority of the pericytes were accompanied with the vessels in the tumor. Three types of pericytes were recognized: endothelial cell‐like, fibroblast‐like, and smooth muscle cell‐like pericytes.
DEVELOPMENTALLY HETEROTOPIC UROGENITAL TISSSUES IN A RETROPERITONEAL LIPOMA WITH HEMATOPOIESIS
Authors: Tokumitsu Shin‐ichi , Tokumitsu Kumi , Takeya Motohiro , Takeuchi Tadao
Published: December 2008

This report concerns an unusual retroperitoneal Hpoma with hematopoiesis in a 49‐year‐old male. A unique feature is the presence of well differentiated male urogenital tissues, such as the prostatic gland, urethra and urinary bladder in part of the tumor. The process of the differentiation of these tissues is also illustrated. Although this Hpoma attained a large size weighing 1,500 g, it is apparently a kind of malformation derived from the sequestered retroperitoneal Wolffian vestige. No similar cases have so far been reported in the world literature.
SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
Authors: Sonobe Hiroshi , Uchida Hiroshi , Doi Kenji , Shinozaki Yohji , Kunitomo Tadayoshi , Ogawa Katsuo
Published: December 2008

The results of an autopsy of an 80‐year‐old Japanese male with acute myeloid leukemia who died of spontaneous rupture of the spleen are reported. The patient was admitted because of anorexia, fatigue, weight loss, and multiple skin eruptions. Hematological examinations indicated a rapid increase in myeloblasts. The patient collapsed on the 28th hospital day, immediately after complaining of severe epigastralgia and vomiting. He died ten hours later. The autopsy revealed extensive leukemic infiltration of the bone marrows, spleen, lymph nodes, skin, and other internal organs. The spleen was enlarged and was ruptured in places at the hilar portion. Massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage from the rupture was the direct cause of death. The mechanisms of splenic rupture are discussed.
LYSOSOMES IN HEALING PROCESS OF ARTERIAL FIBRINOID DEGENERATION IN HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Hori Sadao , Suzuki Keiji , Ooneda Genju
Published: December 2008

Twelve 3‐week‐old, Wistar inbred rats were made hypertensive by bilateral constriction of renal arteries with silver clip. At 3–8 weeks after induction of hypertension, nodular lesions of mesenteric arteries were biopsied, and constricting clips were removed. At 5–28 days after removal of the clips, the animals were killed. Systoric blood pressure of the rats was 200 mm Hg and over before removal of the clips, and decreased at the time when they were sacrificed. Ultrastructurally, modified smooth muscle cells were seen among the fibrinoid substance during healing process of fibrinoid degeneration in the intima. Fine cytoplasmic processes of these cells contained numerous lysosomes. The fibrinoid substance became reticular and reduced its density. The cytoplasmic processes with lysosomes were seen neither in the biopsied specimens nor in the tissues which showed cellulo‐fibrous intimal thickening. Lysosomal enzymes were considered to increase in the modified smooth muscle cells during healing process of the fibrinoid degeneration. The enzymes were believed to be discharged extracellularly and to digest the fibrinoid substance partially. The partially dissolved substance might be phagocytized by the modified smooth muscle cells to form vacuoles of a medium electron density.
MYOFIBROBLASTS IN FIBROUS TUMORS AND FIBROSIS IN VARIOUS ORGANS
Authors: Nakanishi Isao , Kajikawa Kinichiro , Okada Yasunori , Eguchi Kazuo
Published: December 2008

The morphology and population of myofibroblasts detected by electron microscopy in fibrous tumors and fibrosis in various organs have been examined. The myofibroblast was identified by characteristic features of the indented nucleus, bundles of abundant microfilaments with dense bodies, focal basal lamina and well‐developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. It has been observed that myofibroblasts in a variety of fibrous tumors and fibrosis appeared predominantly in fibromatosis and reparative process of deep fibrous tissues and organs particularly in the lesions involving the fascia and subcutaneous tissue. It was suggested that myofibroblasts would be modified fibroblasts to which fibroblasts in the fascia and deeply situated fibrous tissue transformed during proliferation and differentiation.
EXTRASKELETAL MYXOID CHONDROSARCOMA: A Clinicopathologic and Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Enjoji Munetomo , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Shinohara Norio
Published: December 2008

This clinicopathologic study concerns 14 cases of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma from among 603 cases of soft tissue sarcomas. The ages of the patients at the time of initial biopsy ranged from 16 to 69 years. The tumors mainly arose in the lower extremities including buttocks (10 cases), and consisted histologically in cords and strands of small acidophilic cells with occasional vacuolated cells in an abundant myxoid matrix composed of chondroitin sulfate. Electron microscopy in four revealed a continuum of cell differentiation of the tumor cells from chondroblastic cell to undifferentiated mesenchymal cell. Morphological studies Indicated that the extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma Included so‐called chordoid sarcoma, as a variant.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE PRIMARY FOLLICLE IN THE LYMPH NODE
Authors: Sakuma Hideo , Asano Shigeyuki , Kojima Mizu
Published: December 2008

The present authors have studied the cellular composition of the primary follicle (PF) in the germ‐free rat lymph nodes and the development of PF in the human lymph node anlages by using the light‐and the electron microscopy. According to the ultrastructural study, the cellular composition of PF in the germ‐free rat lymph nodes are classified into five cell types, 1) lymphocytic cells (small and medium‐sized lymphocytes), 2) large lymphocytes (=large germinal center cells), 3) reticulum cells with desmosome (RED), 4) desmodendric cells (DDC), and S) histiocytes. The interstitial cells with desmosome are classified into DDC and RED based on the relationship to collagenous fibers and the morphological differences. There are amorphous electron‐dense intercellular materials among the cytoplasmic processes of DDC, which are distinguished from histiocytes based on the morphological differences. PF emerges as a spherical aggregation of young DDC straight underneath the marginal sinus in the outer cortex of the human embryonal lymph node anlages on the 16th fetal week.
INTRACRANIAL GERM CELL TUMOR INDICATING A HIGH LEVEL OF ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN (AFP)
Authors: Tsuchiyama Makio , Miyamoto Makoto , Sakurai Masami , Kitamura Hajime
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of intracranial and extrapineal tumor is reported. The tumor, detected 2 years and 4 months before death, was an ectopic pinealoma (germ cell tumor) and showed elevated serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) of 48,000 ng/ml. Histologically, intra‐and extracellular PAS‐positive hyaline globules were observed in the tumor. The tumor tissues of the paraffin sections revealed a bright positive fluorescence for AFP with indirect immunofluorescence method. Besides, there were generalized metastases in this case.
LOCALIZED HEPATIC NECROSIS RELATED TO CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AND TOXOPLASMA GONDII
Authors: Karasawa Tsutomu , Shikata Toshio , Takizawa Ichiki , Morita Koichi , Komukai Minoru
Published: December 2008

An unusual hepatic lesion due to both cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii was described in a patient with angio‐immunoblastic lymphadenopathy treated by predonin. The lesion was a single well‐defined area measuring 1.5 × 1.0 × 0.5 cm of confluent severe hepatic necrosis with multiple cytomegalic inclusion cells and numerous toxoplasmas. The reamining liver had no liver‐cell necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, or evidence of either cytomegalovirus infection or toxoplasmosis. These findings suggested us the possibility of symbiosis and synergism of cytomegalovirus and toxoplasma gondii in the liver. Additionally, this was the first demonstration of cytomegalovirus in liver cells by electron microscopy.
CYTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF PARTIAL CYSTECTOMY OF RATS
Authors: Tatematsu Masae , Imaida Katsumi , Fukushima Shoji , Arai Masayuki , Mizutani Masahiko , Ito Nobuyuki
Published: December 2008

The effect of partial cystectomy on induction of DNA synthesis in the urinary bladder epithelium was studied in a total of 146 male F344 rats. DNA synthesis started 12 hours after 75% or 50% resection of the bladder, and reached a maximum at 48 hours with a mean labelling index of 15.8% after 75% partial cystectomy and 13.8% after 50% partial cystectomy. In these two groups the proliferative activity of bladder epithelial cells returned to normal after 2 weeks and 1 week, respectively. Cytodifferentiation of epithelial cells, observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, remained normal during the regeneration process.
LESIONS OF THE URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIUM IN 125 AUTOPSY CASES
Authors: Ito Nobuyuki , Hirose Masao , Shirai Tomoyuki , Tsuda Hiroyuki , Nakanishi Keisuke , Fukushima Shoji
Published: December 2008

One hundred and twenty five autopsy cases of macroscopically normal‐appearing bladders of both sexes were examined histologically. Proliferative lesions such as Brunn's nests and cystitis glandularis, and metaplastic lesions such as columnar or cuboidal metaplasia and squamous metaplasia were commonly found and were frequently associated with lymphocytic infiltration at all ages and in both sexes. Squamous metaplasia was more common in the female than the male. Sites of predilection for these lesions were the trigone and anterior wall except for columnar or cuboidal metaplasia anddysplasia which was distributed throughout the bladder. Since these lesions were commonly found at all ages in bladders not containing neoplasia, they cannot be regarded as premalignant lesions of the bladder. Dysplasia was detected in bladders even after the 8th decade. It is not known whether these lesions are the result of chronic irritation or neoplastic stimulus.
A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF DISSECTING ANEURYSM OF AORTA IN OLD INDIVIDUALS OVER 50 YEARS OF AGE
Authors: Sugai Masayoshi , Kunita Yukie
Published: December 2008

The authors have Investigated the pathogenesis of dissecting aneurysms morphologically in 49 cases over 50 years of age, using 93 cases of other diseases in the same age group as control cases. All cases were autopsied at the Tokyo‐to Medical Examiner Office. The dissecting aneurysms were divided into two types: one type occurred chiefly at the ascending aorta where atherosclerosis was missing or slight, and the other type chiefly at the descending aorta with severe atherosclerosis of the intima. In the former type, intimal tears were recognized in all cases and microscopically in the neighboring area of the cleft of aortic wall vacuolous large cyst without accumulation of metachromatic ground substance. Near the cyst, elastic lame llae were destroyed and the vasa vasorum was generally thickened, and multiple dissecting hemorrhages were observed. In the latter type, even when the intimal tears were not obvious, microscope revealed crumbled atheroma and bleeding in the intima or bleeding within the atheroma. The dissecting bleeding continued from it. Moreover, since enlargement of heart was observed in most cases, hypertension was thought to be an important factor among the predisposing factors in the pathogenesis of dissecting bleeding of the aorta.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON HASHIMOTOS THYROIDITIS
Authors: Yagi Yukio
Published: December 2008

Three types of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, lymphoid type (L‐type), oxyphilic epithelium (O‐type) and pronounced epithelial destruction (P‐type), were ultrastructually and immunohistochemically studied. In both the L‐type and the O‐type, two different kinds of follicles, active and degenerated ones, were ultrastructually found. Although the follicular conformation was generally conserved, focal basement membrane damage was frequently found around the degenerated follicles. Some plasma cells and lymphocytes transversed the basement membranes and could be seen in the spaces between adjacent epithelial cells. In the P‐type, most epithelial cells were replaced by fibrillar fibrous bundles, and destructive products probably derived from epithelial cells were scattered in the stroma. Immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM) depositions was found not only in some basement membranes, colloid, epithelial cells and peeled‐off cells in the follicles but also in the stroma. Some of the infiltrating plasma cells and lymphocytes had immunoglobulins in the cytoplasm. The intensity of the positive staining was by far the strongest for IgG, and the number of immunoglobulin‐containing immunocytes was also the largest for IgG.
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF CANCER CELL ADHESIVENESS
Authors: Ishimaru Yasuji , Koga Yutaka , Tokuda Shogo , Hayashi Hideo
Published: December 2008

A new cell surface‐associated adhesive glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 70,000 was separated from differentiated rat ascites hepatoma cells forming cell islands in vivo (but not from undifferentiated rat ascites hepatoma cells present as single cells in vivo) and highly purified by chromatography; it was synthesized by the cells and localized on the cell surface. Its synthesis began to rise rapidly and reached its peak in 24 hr cultivation, i.e., a 10‐fold increase. This substance induced not only aggregation but also adhesiveness of the cells characterized by junctional complexes including tight junctions, desmosomes, and intermediate junctions, closely resembling the frequency and distribution of junctional complexes observed on the above cell islands. Its potency was inhibited specifically by D‐mannose and α‐methyl‐D‐mannoside; the numbers of the binding sites per cell were calculated as 6 × 105. Its activity was conerned with the protein portion of the molecule, and not with the carbohydrate portion. Thus, it seemed reasonable that the adhesive glycoprotein may play a key role in the cell adhesiveness and island formation. In contrast, serum‐associated adhesive glycoprotein, separated from normal rat serum, could aggregate the cells but not develop junctional complexes.
DETECTION OF HBsAg IN THE PANCREAS
Authors: Yoshimura Makoto , Sakurai Isamu , Shimoda Toshihiko , Abe Kenji , Okano Tadao , Shikata Toshio
Published: December 2008

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been reported to be present in other organs than the liver.3,9 So far as our knowledge is concerned, however, any report of cases dealing with pancreatic diseases induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) has not been described in the English and Japanese literature. We report an autopsy case with a pancreatic lesion characterized by damage of both exocrine and endocrine epithelial cells with inflammatory response, which were immunohistochemically found to be positive for HBsAg, and electron‐microscopically to possess core‐like particles In the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Histochemical localization of copper in various organs of brindled mice after copper therapy
Authors: Yoshimura Noriaki , Kida Kazuyuki , Usutani Saburo , Nishimura Masahiko
Published: December 2008

Copper (Cu) distribution in various organs of brindled mice (BM), an animal model of Menkes disease, was studied histochemically and by atomic‐absorption‐spectrophotometry 7 months after Cu injections. The results were compared with those of untreated BM. In the treated BM brain, a diffuse reduction in Cu‐related staining of neurons and astroglia was still evident, though it had improved to some extent. The reduction was noticeable in the thalamus, brain stem and cerebellum, although intensely stained capillaries were noted occasionally in the retrosplenial and mediobasal temporal areas, including the hippocampus. In the treated BM liver, near normalization of Cu distribution was observed. In the treated BM intestine, the main localization of Cu accumulation was in histiocytes/macrophages in the lamina propria, while in the untreated BM it was in the absorptive and secretory epithelial cells. In the treated BM kidney, there was no clear improvement in Cu distribution. These histochemical results were consistent with the data obtained by the spectrophotometric assay. Electron microscopic histochemistry of affected renal tubular epithelial cells revealed numerous silver grains, which represent Cu++ localization, distributed only within the cytoplasm outside organella and nucleus. This suggests impaired intracellular Cu transport from cytosol to organella, which in the kidney is refractory to the Cu therapy adopted.
Reticular crypt epithelium and intra‐epithelial lymphoid cells in the hyperplastic human palatine tonsil: An immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Tang Xiaoyan , Hori Sadaaki , Osamura R. Yoshiyuki , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

Extensive immunohistochemical analyses of the hyperplastic human palatine tonsil disclosed variegated B cell phenotypes on the lymphoid cells among the crypt epithelium. The reticular epithelial network was evident by cytokeratin immunostaining. The reticular epithelium near the crypt Iumen was positive for Iysozyme. Secretory component was negative, while HLA‐DR was frequently expressed. Intramucosal small Iymphocytes, densely distributed in the Iuminal side, consisted mainly of B cells expressing CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD45R, CD74, DBB42, HLA‐DR, HLA‐DQ, bcl‐2 protein and surface lgM. Some B cells revealed mantle zone phenotypes (surface IgD+, CD5+, CD24+, DBA44+, CD10‐‐, DNA7‐‐). Cells of germinocyte phenotype (CD10+, DNA7+) were sparsely seen. A good number of intramucosal lymphoid cells were further labeled for CD11b, a phenotype of so‐called B‐1 cells. Plasma cells were clustered within the basal half. IgG was their major immunoglobulin class, followed by IgA, IgM and lgD classes. A smaller number of T cells (CD2+, CD3+, CD5+, CD45RO+, TCR αβ+) were identified among the epithelium. CD4+ cells predominated over CD8+ cells. TCR γΔ+ cells were rare. Macrophages (CD68+), dendritic histio‐cytes (S‐100 protein+, CD1+), and natural killer cells (CD16+ or CD57+) were also dispersed. Another unique feature of this lymphoepithelial complex was the existence of HLA‐DR intramucosal microvasculature, where lymphocyte recirculation was suggested. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was detected commonly in the epithelial cells but rarely in the lymphoid cells. Possible lymphoepithelial interactions and morphologic similarities to the thymic medulla are discussed.
Non‐neoplastic nodular lesions in the liver
Authors: Nakanuma Yasuni
Published: December 2008

The classical nomenclature and categorization of neoplastic and non‐neoplastic nodular lesions of the liver are being revised due to the tremendous volume of information recently published on this issue. The diagnostic histopathology of non‐neoplastic nodular (tumor‐like) lesions of the liver that are recognizable in biopsied, surgically resected and autop sied livers is reviewed using current terminology. Generally, such nodules are infrequent and even rare in routine liver specimens. Non‐neoplastic nodules include focal nodular hyperplasia, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, compensatory hyperplasia of the liver, pseudonodule of the liver demonstrable by angiography, partial nodular transformation, focal fatty change, nodular hepatic area shown by modified angiography, cirrhotic large regenerative nodule with variable atypia, anoxic pseudolobular necrosis, intrahepatic bile duct adenoma, biliary and mesenchymal hamartoma, and mesenchymal nodular lesions such as inflammatory pseu‐dotumor and pseudolymphoma, pseudolipoma, peliosis hepatis, solitary necrotic nodule, and so on. Some of these develop preferentially in non‐cirrhotic or cirrhotic livers, while others occur with similar prevalence in cirrhotic and non‐cirrhotic livers. Some occur multiply or diffusely and others singly. As to the pathogenesis of these nodules, it is speculated that hyperplasia due to disturbed intrahepatic circulation or hormonal imbalance, preneoplastic characteristics, abnormal metabolic disturbance, hamartoma or focal necrobiotic processes, and infection have a role. Knowledge and awareness of these non‐neoplastic nodular lesions are necessary for precise diagnosis and differentiation of these nodular lesions from neoplastic hepatic nodules.
Intussusception of the appendix: A report of three cases with different clinical and pathologic features
Authors: Sakaguchi Nobuki , Ito Makoto , Sano Kenji , Baba Takeshi , Koyama Masamichi , Hotchi Masao
Published: December 2008

Three cases of intussusception of the appendix (IA) with distinctive pathologic changes were reported. All patients were women with different clinical presentations. Grossly, a complete intussusception was found in one case (case 1), while the others (cases 2 and 3) showed a partial intussusception. In case 1, almost the total segment of the appendix bearing the villous adenoma with focal malignant transformation became completely telescoped into the cecum. In case 2, no underlying appendiceal lesion was disclosed. In case 3, appendiceal endometriosis was found as the point of traction. Awareness of such a rare complication associated with various appendiceal lesions provides a clue for making an accurate diagnosis and selecting appropriate surgical management.
Iangerhans' cell histiocytosis of the lung in association with mediastjnal lymphadenopathy
Authors: Shaker Kamal G. , Umali Cynthia B. , Fraire Armando E.
Published: December 2008

A 17 year old female was seen because of a non‐productive cough and one episode of blood‐tinged sputum. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed multiple small cystic lucencies in the upper lobes. The mediastinal CT window revealed concurrent mediastinal lymphadenopathy. An open lung biopsy showed Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH). The significance of nodal involvement in LCH of the lung is not known, but raises the possibility of regional LCH and warrants a further search for bone or visceral involvement as well as closer follow‐up and monitoring of patients.
Pathological and immunohistochemical findings in a case of mucinous cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Sasaki Motoko , Nakanuma Yasuni , Shimizu Kouichi , Izumi Ryohei
Published: December 2008

A case of mucinous cholangiocarcinoma is reported. The patient was a 49 year old woman with the complaint of lumbago. Imaging examination disclosed a tumor 3.5 cm in diameter in the right hepatic lobe, which showed low density on computerized tomography scans and low signal intensity on T1–weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high intensity on T2–weighted MRI. The hepatic tumor expanded rapidly and multiple pulmonary metastases and peritoneal dissemination developed. The patient died due to respiratory failure 5 months after the initial symptom. An autopsy, a massive tumor (9.5 cm in diameter) containing abundant mucus with several surrounding daughter nodules was found in the right hepatic lobe. Metastases were widespread. Histologically, the tumor was composed mainly of numerous lobulated mucus lakes in which ade‐nocarcinoma cells floated. Admixed signet ring cells were also noted. These gross and histologic features differ from those in other mucin‐producing hepatic tumors such as biliary papillomatosis and mucinous cystoadenocarcinoma. lmmunohistochemically, the adenocarcinoma cells were strongly positive for carcinoembryonic antigen, Lewis Y, Tn, and T antigens, and moderately positive for carbohydrate antigen 19–9, Lewis X, sialyl‐Lewis X and sialyl‐Tn antigen. Mature MUCl mucin and core protein of MUCl mucin were also expressed to varying degrees. The rapidly expanding, widespread metastases and poor prognosis found in the present case may be the clinicopathological features of mucinous cholangiocarcinoma.
Establishment and characterization of a new human mesothelioma cell line (T‐85) from malignant peritoneal mesothelioma with remarkable thrombocytosis
Authors: Tange Tsuyoshi , Hasegawa Yoshikazu , Oka Teruaki , Sunaga Shinji , Higashihara Masaaki , Matsuo Kou , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Shimosaka Akihiro , Okano Akira , Todokoro Kazuo , Ishikawa Takatoshi , Machinami Rikuo
Published: December 2008

A mesothelioma cell line, termed T‐85, was established from a patient with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and remarkable thrombocytosis (1.4 × 106/mm3). Electron microscopically, two types of mesothelioma cells have been characterized; the major type of cells with dense‐cored granules in the cytoplasm and the minor one with evenly dense granules. Immunologically, the cells showed staining for inter‐leukin‐6 (IL‐6), cytokeratin, collagen type IV, vimentin, laminin, fibronectin and Factor VIII‐related antigen. Quanti‐tation by ELISA revealed a high concentration of IL‐6 in T‐85 cell culture supernatants. RT‐polymerase chain reaction of T‐85 cells showed two positive bands of cDNA at 628 and 251 base pairs indicating the constitutive expression of IL‐6 and IL‐6 receptor mRNA. Moreover, prominent pro‐platelet process formation activity in T‐85 cell culture supernatants indicated the presence of a thrombopoietic activity due mainly to IL‐6 but not the c‐MpI ligand or erythropoietin. However, the fact that 15% of PPF activity remained in the supernatants treated with anti‐IL‐6 antibody indicated the presence of another thrombopoietic substance. T‐85 is so far the first mesothelioma cell line derived from a case with remarkable thrombocytosis.
Clinicopathologic study of primary gastric lymphoma of B cell phenotype with special reference to low‐grade B cell lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue among the Japanese
Authors: Akaza Kayoko , Motoori Tadashi , Nakamura Shigeo , Koshikawa Takashi , Kitoh Kuniyoshi , Futamura Naoki , Nakamura Tuneya , Kojima Masaru , Kuroda Makoto , Kasahara Masao , Suchi Taizan
Published: December 2008

Resection specimens from 83 patients with primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) of B cell phenotype at stage IE and at stage IIE, according to the Ann Arbor classification were investigated. Histologically, these lymphomas could be divided into four types: Type I lesions (n=24) were entirely made up of MALT lymphoma; Type II lesions (n=13) were predominantly MALT lymphoma containing one to a few foci of high‐grade B cell lymphoma; Type III lesions (n=22) consisted largely of high‐grade lymphoma with small areas of low‐grade MALT lymphoma; and Type IV lesions (n=24) were pure high‐grade B cell lymphoma, mostly of the large cefi type. All patients had undergone primary gastric resection, and 14 received additional chemotherapy (n=12), or both chemotherapy and radiotherapy (n=2). The survival probability was significantly higher for Types I and II lymphomas than for Types III and IV tumors (P < 0.05 by the generalized Wilcoxon test). According to The General Rules for the Gastric Cancer Study by the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer, the stage of disease showed a clear distinction between each of them (P < 0.01 by the generalized Wilcoxon test). This staging method seemed to serve well as a prognostic indicator. The histological typing of the PGL of the present series also seemed to correlate with the gross appearance, pathologic stage and prognosis. Furthermore, the expression of cyclin D1, bcl‐2 and p53 protein, and PCNA was immunohistochemically investigated in 42 cases of the present series. Most of the low‐grade PGL (Types I and II) had less than 60% PCNA‐positive cells, whereas the high‐grade PGL (Types III and IV) had more than 60% positive cells. In a study for cyclin D1 protein, no cases showed the nuclear staining pattern characteristic for mantle cell lymphoma, and the cytoplasmic staining frequently observed in the node‐based large B cell lymphoma was seldom identified in the PGL. This discrepancy might suggest a lineage difference among the morphologically similar, but site‐dierent, lymphomas. On the other hand, bcl‐2 protein overexpression was almost equal in frequency between the gastric and node‐based high‐grade B cell lymphomas. This is in contrast to the reports from Western countries, in which the majority of high‐grade gastric tumors were bcl‐2 negative.
Immunohistochemical profile of primary sclerosing Iipogranuloma of the scrotum: Report of five cases
Authors: Watanabe Kazuo , Hoshi Nobuo , Baba Kei‐ichi , Fukuda Takeaki , Hakozaki Hando , Suzuki Toshimitsu
Published: December 2008

Five cases of primary sclerosing scrotal lipogranuloma were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Every case lacked a history of injection or trauma, and revealed Common histologicat features; a typical granuloma composed of epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells, and inflammatory infiltrates of eosinophils, lymphocytes and macrophageimonocytes in the interstitium. lmmunahistochemistry disclosed the epithelioid cells and multinuclaated giant cells of the granuloma to be monocytetr in nature, as bath types of cells were positive for lyso‐yme, α‐1‐antltrypin, α‐1‐antichymotrypsin, and KP‐1. In the interstitium, KP‐1 positive monocytes, L‐26 positive B lymphocytes, UCHL‐1 positive T lymphocytes and 5–100 protein positive Langerhans‐like cells were frequently found. 5100 protein positive cells could not be detected in the granuloma. Primary sclerosing lipogranuloma of the scrotum, therefore, is a peculiar inflammation characterized by granulomas consisting of monocytes and marked tissue eosinophilia of unknown etiology.
Ceroid pigment deposition in circulating blood monocytes and T lymphocytes in Hermansky‐Pudlak syndrome: An ultrastructural study
Authors: Sakuma Tsutomu , Monma Nobuhira , Satodate Ryoichi , Satoh Takashi , Takeda Rikio , Kuriya Shin‐Ichiro
Published: December 2008

An electron mlcroscoplc study of peripheral leukocytes obtalned from a 39 year old woman with Hermansky‐Pudlak ayndrome was performed. Cerold pigment granules were found within tha lysoaomes in 3.5% of monocytes and 5.4% of lymphocytes. Infrequently, pigment granules were also found in the parallel tubular arrays of lymphocytes. The lymphocytes contalning ceroid pigment granules were confirmed to be T cells by immunoelectron microscopy. It was speculated that intralysosomal accumulation of ceroid pigment granules in Hermansky‐Pudlak syndrome may be due to lysosomal dysfunction.
Splenic‐gonadal fusion of the continuous type in an adult female
Authors: Alujevic Antonio , Andelinovic Simon , Forempoher Gea , Nigojevic Snjezana , Bimic Mihovil , Rumboldt Zoran , Kapural Leonardo , Primorac Dragan
Published: December 2008

The first case of a continuous type splenic‐gonadal fusion in an adult female is described. This extremely rare anomaly occurs more often in the male where the abnormality may be associated with skeletal abnormalities or cryptorchi‐dism. The few cases of splenic‐gonadal fusion in the female previously described were found mainly in infants.

The present case of splenic‐gonadal fusion occurred as a duct, approximately 10 cm long, extending from the inferior pole of the spleen to a junction in the left ovarian suspensory ligament. The superior two‐thirds of this tubular structure consisted of splenic tissue, while the caudal one‐third of the duct was composed of fat and fibrous tissue. In addition, two blood vessels, an artery and a vein, were present throughout the entire length of duct, and were located extracapsullary to the spleen in the cranial portion of this anomaly. The patient had no associated malformations in contrast to the majority of patients with continuous‐type splenic‐gonadal fusions.
Pulmonary myxoid leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Koizumi Naoya , Fukuda Takeaki , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Naito Makoto , Emura Iwao , Sato Keiichi , Hirono Tatsuhiko , Suzuki Eiichi
Published: December 2008

A primary myxoid leiomyosarcoma arising from the peripheral bronchus of the right middle lobe was removed from a 20 year old man and examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The tumor was well circumscribed, yellow‐whitish focal polypoid growth into the bronchial lumen and consisted of spindle cells with abundant myxoid substance in the stroma. Intrapulmonary metastasis, invasion to the bronchial wall and a few mitotic figures were found. Immunohistochemically, several, but not all, tumor cells were positive against anti‐vimentin, anti‐S‐100 protein, anti‐myosin and anti‐muscle specific actin. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells had thin filaments with dense bodies, pinocytic vesicles and discontinuous basal lamina. These findings indicate a myoxoid variant of leiomyosarcoma arising from mesenchyme in the peribronchial area.
Paget sarcoma of the cervical vertebrae: An autopsy case report and review of the literature
Authors: Matsukuma Susumu , Kawabata Masaya , Takemoto Toshihiko , Wada Ryo , Kuwabara Noriyuki
Published: December 2008

A 69 year old Japanese woman was hospitalized for emergency treatment of sudden onset of tetraplegia and somnolence. The patient had a long history of occipital pain without definite diagnosis. After admission, the patient progressively developed generalized palsy including respiratory paralysis, and died of bronchopneumonia. Autopsy revealed osteosarcoma of the cervical vertebrae with the features of Paget's disease involving the skull and the cervical vertebrae. Paget sarcoma is rare in Japan, where Paget's disease of the bone is an uncommon condition. A review of the world literature failed to reveal any reports describing Paget sarcoma of the cervical vertebrae. The present report indicates that the development of Paget sarcoma in the upper cervical vertebrae may cause life‐threatening neurologic complications.
Co‐expression of fibroblastic, histiocytic and smooth muscle cell phenotypes on cultured adherent cells derived from human palatine tonsils: a morphological and immunocytochemical study
Authors: Honma Masanori , Koizumi Fumitomo , Wakaki Kunihiko , Ochiai Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Adherent cells derived from human palatine tonsils were isolated and cultivated. Exponentially growing adherent cells (TAC) were observed by phase‐contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Immunocytochemical studies were also performed. TAC were composed of relatively monotonous cells with polygonal or spindle shapes and high proliferative activity. In addition to the development of rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes, the TAC possessed a moderate amount of pinocytotic vesicles and a few microfilaments. All of the TAC strongly expressed fibroblastic markers and partial mono‐cyte/macrophage markers, such as beta‐subunit of prolyl 4‐hydroxylase (DAKO‐fibroblast), lysozyme, anti‐alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin (OlACT), and CD68 (KP‐1, EBM/11). It was noted that, as the TAC were cultured for a longer period, they gradually increased the reactivity with the monoclonal antibody PG‐M1. Furthermore, the TAC expressed myocytic phenotype, such as alpha‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA) with various intensity. Moreover, as to extracellular matrix, TAC stained for collagen type I, collagen type III, Iaminin, and fibronectin. Collagen type IV was weakly positive. The results presented here showed that the TAC expressed three different phenotypes of fibroblasts, histiocytes and smooth muscle cells at the same time. The monoclonal antibody raised against the TAC reacted strongly with the sub‐endothelial pericytes andlor smooth muscle cells in the extrafollicular area in human tonsils. The present resutts also suggested that the origin of the TAC was probably sub‐endothelial pericytes andlor smooth muscle cells of the microvasculatures in the tonsil.
Peripheral lung carcinomas associated with central fibrosis and mixed small cell and other histologic components
Authors: Usuda Hiroyuki , Emura Iwao , Naito Makoto , Hirono Tatsuhiko
Published: December 2008

Three cases of peripheral small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) with central fibrosis are presented. Central fibrosis is usually present in adenocarcinomas. Cases 1 and 2 are combined SCLCs with components of papillary adenocar‐cinoma, and case 3 is a mixed SCLC with a large cell component. Small cell Components showed intermediate cell type in ail cases. In cases 1 and 2, there was a gradual transition between small cell carcinoma and papillary ade‐nocarcinoma. Small cell components showed Grimelius argyrophilia, but other neuroendocrine markers such as neuronspecific enorase, chromogranin A, Leu‐7 and syn‐aptophysln were negative. The chest X‐ray examination of case 1 demonstrated rapid enlargement of a tumor shadow, which was present two years before, for a recent year. Central fibrosis, coexistence of small cell carcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma, and a change of growth rate in the chest x‐ray may suggest that some SCLC derive from papillary adenocarcinomas.
Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia [AILD]‐type T‐cell lymphoma) followed by Hodgkin's disease associated with Epstein‐Barr virus
Authors: Nakamura Shigeo , Sasajima Yuko , Koshikawa Takashi , Kitoh Kuniyoshi , Koike Koichi , Motaori Tadashi , Ueda Ryuzo , Mori Shigeo , Suchi Taizan
Published: December 2008

A patient is described with angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AIL] (angidmmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysprotelrrrpmia [AILD]‐type T‐cell lymphoma), which was later followed by Hodgkin's disease. At the time of the initial diagnasis, histological examination of a cervical lymph node showed a typical picture of AIL with abundant clear calls which were CD45RO+, CD43+, and CD20‐‐, and there was no evidence of a monoclonal B‐cell proliferation by Immunohistochemical analysis. In situ hybridization for Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) was negative. Interposed by a bout of recurrence, the patient developed, 16 years later, a left subparotid mass which showed histologic features of Hodgkin's disease, mixed cellularity type. Diagnostic Reed‐Sternberg cells and their variants were CD30+, CD15‐‐ and CD20+. Neither rearrangement of TCR beta and gamma chain genes nor of immunoglobulin heavy chain and kappa light chain genes was detected in DNA extract from fresh material. In situ hybridization showed the presence of EBV within the Reed‐Sternberg cells. The data show that EBV was not etiologically related to AIL in this case. Further, the deficit in cellular immunity that accompanied AIL conceivably permit primary EBV infection or reactivation of latent infection, which eventuated in development of Hodgkin's disease, but the exact pathogenesis remains uncertain.
Developmental disorders of the mouse brain induced by murine cytomegalovirus: Animal models for congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Tsutsui Yoshihiro
Published: December 2008

Developmental disorders induced by congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection mainly involve the central nervous system. The type and degree of the brain disorders seems to depend on infection time during gestation, virulence, route of infection and viral susceptible cells in each embryonal stage. Since transplacental transmission has been reported not to occur with murine CMV (MCMV), we developed mouse models for congenital CMV infection by surgical injection of MCMV into the mouse conceptus or embryo at different gestational stages. For the early stage, the mouse embryos were not infected with MCMV even after injecting the virus into the blastocysts, which were developed in the pseudo‐pregnant mothers or cultured in vitro. Isolated whole mouse embryos of day 7.5 of gestation (E7.5), adsorbed with a high titer of MCMV and cultured for 3 days, were susceptible to MCMV infection. Therefore, the mouse embryo acquires the susceptibility around this period. Microphthalmia and cerebral atrophy were induced in mouse embryos after injection of MCMV into the conceptus on E8.5. Viral antigen‐positive cells were widely distributed in the mesenchyme around the oral and nasal cavities and in the mesenchyme around the brain, especially the endothelial cells of vessels and the perivascular mesodermal cells, then infection extends to the eyes, brain or choroid plexus. This finding suggests that mesenchymal infection may be the critical step in disrupting organogenesis, resulting in brain disorders. For the late stage, mouse embryos were infected with MCMV by injecting the virus into the cerebral ventricles on E15.5. Brains of the offspring showed massive necrosis with gliomesodermal proliferation in the cerebral cortex. Viral antigen‐positive cells were observed in laminar array in the lesion‐free cortex and the hippocampus, suggesting that the infected cells migrate in association with the lamina formation. Imrnuno‐histochemical double‐staining showed that brain cells susceptible to MCMV infection may be mainly neuronal and endothelial cells, resulting in cerebral atrophy with reduction of neuronal cells and cystic lesions, presumably due to ischemic vascular changes.
Antigen retrieval for bcl‐2 protein in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections
Authors: Umemura Shinobu , Kawai Kenji , Osamura R. Yoshiyuki , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

A commercial monoclonal antibody to bcl‐2 protein (bcl‐2, 124) Is useful In lmmunohlstochemical detection of this 25kDa oncogene product In frozen sections. In order to weme the dfffkutly In khttfying bcl‐2 protein In formalin‐flxed, paraffln‐embedded sections, its antigenicity was retrieved by a variety of pretreatments. The heatlng pretreat‐ment by hydrated autoclaving was the best method for retrleving the antlgeniclty, and deionized water was the most adequate solution for soaking sections. This antigen retrieval sequence was helpful to examine the localization of bcl‐2 protein in archival sections of normal lymphoid and non‐lymphoid tissues and follicular lymphomas.
Enhanced polymer one‐step staining (EPOS) for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki‐67 antigen: Application to intra‐operative frozen diagnosis
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Serizawa Akihlka , Kawal Kenji
Published: December 2008

Enhanced polymer one‐step staining (EPOS) is a novel, highly sensitive one‐step immunostaining method. This simple and rapid technlque was applied to intra‐operattve frozen diagnosis. The markers of choice were proliferating cell nuclear anmen (PCNA) and Ki‐67 antigen. These cell prollferation markers were both identifiable in fresh frozen see tions of the human tonsil In approximately 7 min. The suitable staining sequences are as follows. Frozen sections prepared using 3‐aminopropyitimethoxysilane‐cpated glass slides are immediately fixed, without air drying, for 15s in a mixture of 50% formalin and 50% methanol for PCNA, and in 10% formalln for Ki‐67 antigen. After a brief rinse in phosphate‐buffered saline (PSS), sections are incubated with the EPOS antibody for 3 min, followed by PBS rinse for 1 min. The peroxidase activity is visualized in diaminobenzidine‐H2O2 solution containing 10mmol/L imidazole for 2 min. After a light rinse in tap water, the nuclei are briefly counterstained with 5% methyl green. When necessary, endogenous peroxi‐dase blockage in 1% periodic acid solution for 1 min is added before the EPOS antibody incubation. This procedure is applicable to frozen sections of gastric cancers, malignant lymphomas, and brain, liver and peritoneal lesions in which differential diagnosis between benignancy and malignancy was required.
Establishment of a human hepatic adenosquamous carcinoma cell line (KMC‐2) and its response to cytokines
Authors: Momosaki Seiya , Yano Hirohisa , Kojiro Masamichi
Published: December 2008

A human hepatic adenosquamous carcinoma cell line (KMC‐2) was established from a serially transplanted tumor in nude mice (nuKMC‐2), which originated from human cholangio‐cellular carcinoma and showed histological alteration from adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) along with serial transplantation. KMC‐2 cells in monolayer culture proliferated in a sheet‐like arrangement with a population doubling time of 29.5 h, whereas the cells in 0.1% collagen gel embedded culture formed a compact and tubular structure with the population doubling time of 35.4 h. The cells secreted carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19–9), tissue polypeptide antigen and SCC‐related antigen. The back‐transplanted nude mouse tumor exhibited morphologic features of adenosquamous carcinoma resembling those in the original nude mouse tumor. IFN‐α, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α suppressed cell proliferation significantly. Functionally, IFN‐γ significantly suppressed CA19–9 secretion, and conversely promoted SCC‐related antigen secretion. These findings suggest that KMC‐2 is the first human hepatic adenosquamous carcinoma cell line primarily originated from adenocarcinoma; the environmental factors, such as the presence of extracellular matrix and the cytokines influenced the growth, morphology and function of KMC‐2.
Intramuscular myxoma with fibrous dysplasia: A report of two cases with a review of the literature
Authors: Aoki Takatoshi , Kouho Hiromi , Hisaoka Masanori , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Nakata Hajime , Sakai Akinori
Published: December 2008

Two cases are reported of a rare association of intramuscular myxoma with fibrous dysplasia in a 70 and 40 year old Japanese woman, respectively. One of them had a solitary intramuscular myxoma, and the other patient suffered from two intramuscular tumors that had been initially misdiag‐nosed as myxoid liposarcoma. Only 24 cases of this kind of association have been recorded in the literature. This association should be taken into consideration to avoid inappropriate treatment, when cases of myxoid soft tissue tumor with a bone lesion are encountered.
Small hepatocellular carcinoma: Its relationship to multistep hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Uchida Toshikazu
Published: December 2008

Recent advances In imagfng techniques have led to the discovery of small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). The small HCC most often exhibit low‐grade malignant (LGM) or extremely well differentiated features, which are different from those of advanced, full‐blown HCC. The LGM‐HCC present a serious diagnostic challenge to pathologists and must be differentiated from benign (reactive) and atypical (borderline) hyperplastic nodules. Analysis of small HCC revealed that hepatocarcinogenesis frequently occurs step‐wise from atypical hyperplasia to LGM‐HCC and subsequently to advanced HCC. The HCC arise in irregular regeneration in chronic liver disease and in the essentially normal liver after steroid administration. Although the tumor suppressor gene, p53, is revealed to be often mutated in advanced HCC, the genetic events corresponding to each stage of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis are not clarified at all.