bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid coherent Raman hyperspectral imaging based on delay-spectral focusing dual-comb method and deep learning algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yujia , Lu Minjian , Hu Jiaqi , Li Yan , Shum Perry Ping , Chen Jinna , Wei Haoyun
Published: December 2022

Rapid coherent Raman hyperspectral imaging shows great promise for applications in sensing, medical diagnostics, and dynamic metabolism monitoring. However, the spectral acquisition speed of current multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is generally limited by the spectrometer integration time, and as the detection speed increases, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of single spectrum will decrease, leading to a terrible imaging quality. In this Letter, we report a dual-comb coherent Raman hyperspectral microscopy imaging system developed by integrating two approaches, a rapid delay-spectral focusing method and deep learning. The spectral refresh rate is exploited by focusing the relative delay scanning in the effective Raman excitation region, enabling a spectral acquisition speed of 36 kHz, ≈4 frames/s, for a pixel resolution of 95 × 95 pixels and a spectral bandwidth no less than 200 cm−1. To improve the spectral SNR and imaging quality, the deep learning models are designed for spectral preprocessing and automatic unsupervised feature extraction. In addition, by changing the relative delay focusing region of the comb pairs, the detected spectral wavenumber region can be flexibly tuned to the high SNR region of the spectrum.
Strong optomechanical interactions with long-lived fundamental acoustic waves
Authors: Xu Wendao , Iyer Arjun , Jin Lei , Set Sze Y. , Renninger William H.
Published: December 2022

Traveling-wave optomechanical interactions, known as Brillouin interactions, have now been established as a powerful and versatile resource for photonic sources, sensors, and radio-frequency processors. However, established Brillouin-based interactions with sufficient interaction strengths involve short phonon lifetimes, which critically limit their performance for applications, including radio-frequency filtering and optomechanical storage devices. Here, we investigate a new paradigm of optomechanical interactions with tightly confined fundamental acoustic modes, which enables the unique and desirable combination of high optomechanical coupling, long phonon lifetimes, tunable phonon frequencies, and single-sideband amplification. Using sensitive four-wave mixing spectroscopy controlling for noise and spatial mode coupling, optomechanical interactions with long

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phonon lifetimes and strong

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coupling are observed in a tapered fiber. In addition, we demonstrate novel phonon self-interference effects resulting from the unique combination of an axially varying device geometry with long phonon lifetimes. A generalized theoretical model, in excellent agreement with experiments, is developed with broad applicability to inhomogeneous optomechanical systems.
Long Hanging Structure of Collagen VII Connects the Elastic Fibers and the Basement Membrane in Young Skin Tissue
Authors: Tohgasaki Takeshi , Nishizawa Shino , Kondo Shinya , Ishiwatari Shioji , Sakurai Tetsuhito
Published: December 2022

Aging leads to substantial structural changes in the skin. Elastic fibers maintain skin structure, but their degeneration and loss of function with age result in wrinkle formation and loss of skin elasticity. Oxytalan fiber, a type of elastic fiber, extends close to the dermal–epidermal junction (DEJ) from the back of the dermis. Oxytalan fibers are abundant in the papillary layer and contribute to skin elasticity and texture. However, to accurately understand the mechanisms of skin elasticity, the interaction between elastic fibers and DEJ should be elucidated. Here, we investigated elastic fibers and DEJ and their structural alterations with aging. Several basement membrane proteins [collagen (COL) IV, COLVII, and laminin 332], fibrous tropoelastin, and fibrillin-1 in excised human skin tissue were observed using three-dimensional imaging. Age-related alterations in COLVII, elastic fibers, and fibrillin-1 were evaluated. We found that COLVII forms long hanging structures and is co-localized with fibrous tropoelastin in young skin but not aged skin. Fibrillin-1-rich regions were observed at the tips of elastin fibers in young skin tissue, but rarely in aged skin. This co-localization of elastic fiber and COLVII may maintain skin structure, thereby preventing wrinkling and sagging. COLVII is a potential therapeutic target for skin wrinkling:
The Graham and Karnovsky Horseradish Peroxidase Ultrastructural Method: A Premier JHC Citation Classic
Authors: Abrahamson Dale R.
Published: December 2022

This commentary briefly reviews the background for the development of the horseradish peroxidase–diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride histochemical method originally described by Graham and Karnovsky in their citation classic, reprinted in full in this issue of Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry. Some of the method’s subsequent applications, including its use as a macromolecular tracer for kidney glomerular permeability and use in immunoelectron microscopy and other immunoassays, are also discussed.
Tup1 is critical for transcriptional repression in Quiescence in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Bailey Thomas B. , Whitty Phaedra A. , Selker Eric U. , McKnight Jeffrey. N. , McKnight Laura E.
Published: December 2022

Upon glucose starvation, S. cerevisiae shows a dramatic alteration in transcription, resulting in wide-scale repression of most genes and activation of some others. This coincides with an arrest of cellular proliferation. A subset of such cells enters quiescence, a reversible non-dividing state. Here, we demonstrate that the conserved transcriptional corepressor Tup1 is critical for transcriptional repression after glucose depletion. We show that Tup1-Ssn6 binds new targets upon glucose depletion, where it remains as the cells enter the G0 phase of the cell cycle. In addition, we show that Tup1 represses a variety of glucose metabolism and transport genes. We explored how Tup1 mediated repression is accomplished and demonstrated that Tup1 coordinates with the Rpd3L complex to deacetylate H3K23. We found that Tup1 coordinates with Isw2 to affect nucleosome positions at glucose transporter HXT family genes during G0. Finally, microscopy revealed that a quarter of cells with a Tup1 deletion contain multiple DAPI puncta. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the role of Tup1 in transcriptional reprogramming in response to environmental cues leading to the quiescent state.
Coverage and effectiveness of conditional cash transfer for people with drug resistant tuberculosis in Zimbabwe: A mixed methods study
Authors: Timire Collins , Sandy Charles , Ferrand Rashida A. , Mubau Regina , Shiri Peter , Mbiriyawanda Obert , Mbiba Fredrick , Houben Rein M. G. J. , Pedrazzoli Debora , Bond Virginia , Foster Nicola , Kranzer Katharina
Published: December 2022

The End TB strategy recommends social protection to mitigate socio-economic impacts of tuberculosis. Zimbabwe started implementing a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme for people on drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) treatment in 2013. We aimed to determine the proportion of people receiving CCT and effectiveness of CCT in improving treatment outcomes, explore their experiences with registering for CCT and understand the impact of CCT from the perspective of beneficiaries. Data from 2014–2021 were extracted from TB registers and CCT payment records within the National TB Programme. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with people who were completing treatment or had completed treatment within two months. Poisson regression, adjusted for province, year of treatment, age and sex was used to investigate associations between receiving CCT and successful treatment outcomes among people who were in DR-TB care for ≥3 months after treatment initiation. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. A total of 481 people were included in the quantitative study. Of these, 53% (254/481) received CCT at some point during treatment. People who exited DR-TB care within three months were 73% less likely to receive CCT than those who did not (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.27 [95%CI: 0.18–0.41]). Among those who were alive and in care three months after treatment initiation, CCT recipients were 32% more likely to have successful outcomes than those who did not (adjusted PR = 1.32, [95%CI: 1.00–1.75]). Qualitative results revealed lack of knowledge about availability of CCT among people with DR-TB and missed opportunities by healthcare providers to provide information about availability of CCT. Delays and inconsistencies in disbursements of CCT were frequent themes. CCT were associated with successful treatment outcomes. Improvements in coverage, timeliness and predictability of disbursements are recommended.
Where is the pain? A qualitative analysis of Ghana’s opioid (tramadol) ‘crisis’ and youth perspectives
Authors: Alhassan Jacob Albin Korem
Published: December 2022

Over the last five years, media reports in West African countries have suggested a tramadol abuse ‘crisis’ characterised by a precipitous rise in use by youth in the region. This discourse is connected to evidence of an emerging global opioid crisis. While the reported increase in tramadol abuse in West Africa is likely true, few studies have critically interrogated structural explanations for tramadol use by youth. Nascent academic literature has sought to explain the rise in drug use as a function of moral weakness among youth. This Ghanaian case study draws on primary and secondary data sources to explore the pain that precedes tramadol abuse. Through a discourse analysis of 295 media articles and 15 interviews (11 with youth who currently use tramadol and 4 with health system stakeholders), this study draws on structural violence and moral panic theories to contribute to the emerging literature on tramadol (ab)use in West Africa. The evidence parsed from multiple sources reveals that government responses to tramadol abuse among Ghanaian youth have focused on arrests and victim blaming often informed by a moralising discourse. Interviews with those who use tramadol on their lived experiences reveal however that although some youth use the opioid for pleasure, many use tramadol for reasons related to work and feelings of dislocation. A more complex way to understand tramadol use among young people in Ghana is to explore the pain that leads to consumption. Two kinds of pain; physical (related to strenuous work) and non-physical (related to anxiety and the condition of youth itself) explain tramadol use requiring a harm reduction and social determinants of health approach rather than the moralising ‘war on drugs’ approach that has been favoured by policy makers.
The role of performance pressure, loneliness and sense of belonging in predicting burnout symptoms in students in higher education
Authors: Dopmeijer Jolien M. , Schutgens Christine A. E. , Kappe F. Rutger , Gubbels Nikkie , Visscher Tommy L. S. , Jongen Ellen M. M. , Bovens Rob H. L. M. , de Jonge Jannet M. , Bos Arjan E. R. , Wiers Reinout W.
Published: December 2022

Student burnout is raising an increasing amount of concern. Burnout often leads to psychosocial problems and drop-out. In this study multiple regression analysis was used to examine the impact of performance pressure, loneliness, and sense of belonging on the underlying dimensions of burnout in 3,134 university students in the Netherlands. Results suggest that sense of belonging could be targeted as a way to enhance student wellbeing, in order to improve the ability to cope with the high demands in student life and the prevention of burnout.
Ethnic inequalities in patient satisfaction with primary health care in England: Evidence from recent General Practitioner Patient Surveys (GPPS)
Authors: Magadi John Paul , Magadi Monica Akinyi
Published: December 2022

Aims and objectives

This paper aims to improve understanding of factors that contribute to persistent ethnic disparities in patient satisfaction in England. The specific objectives are to (i) examine ethnic differences in patient satisfaction with their primary care in England; and (ii) establish factors that contribute to ethnic differences in patient satisfaction.

Data and methods

The study is based on secondary analysis of recent General Practitioner Patient Survey (GPPS) datasets of 2019, 2020 and 2021. Descriptive bivariate analysis was used to examine ethnic differences in patient satisfaction across the three years. This was followed with multilevel linear regression, with General Practice (GP) at level-1 and Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) at level-2 to identify factors contributing to ethnic differences in patient satisfaction.

Results

The findings show consistent negative correlations between the proportion of patients reporting good (very or fairly good) overall experience and each of the ethnic minority groups. Further examination of the distribution of patient satisfaction by ethnicity, based on combined ethnic minority groups, depicted a clear negative association between ethnic minority group and patient satisfaction at both GP and CCG levels. Multilevel regression analysis identified several service-related factors (especially ease of using GP website and being treated with care and concern) that largely explained the ethnic differences in patient satisfaction. Of all factors relating to patient characteristics considered in the analysis, none was significant after controlling for GP service-related factors.

Conclusions

Ethnic minority patients in England continue to consistently report lower satisfaction with their primary health care in recent years. This is largely attributable to supply (service related) rather than demand (patient characteristics) factors. These findings have important implications for health care system policy and practice at both GP and CCG levels in England.
Significance of two transmembrane ion gradients for human erythrocyte volume stabilization
Authors: Ataullakhanov F. I. , Martinov M. V. , Shi Qiang , Vitvitsky V. M.
Published: December 2022

Functional effectiveness of erythrocytes depends on their high deformability that allows them to pass through narrow tissue capillaries. The erythrocytes can deform easily due to discoid shape provided by the stabilization of an optimal cell volume at a given cell surface area. We used mathematical simulation to study the role of transport Na/K-ATPase and transmembrane Na+ and K+ gradients in human erythrocyte volume stabilization at non-selective increase in cell membrane permeability to cations. The model included Na/K-ATPase activated by intracellular Na+, Na+ and K+ transmembrane gradients, and took into account contribution of glycolytic metabolites and adenine nucleotides to cytoplasm osmotic pressure. We found that this model provides the best stabilization of the erythrocyte volume at non-selective increase in the permeability of the cell membrane, which can be caused by an oxidation of the membrane components or mechanical stress during circulation. The volume of the erythrocyte deviates from the optimal value by no more than 10% with a change in the non-selective permeability of the cell membrane to cations from 50 to 200% of the normal value. If only one transmembrane ion gradient is present (Na+), the cell loses the ability to stabilize volume and even small changes in membrane permeability cause dramatic changes in the cell volume. Our results reveal that the presence of two oppositely directed transmembrane ion gradients is fundamentally important for robust stabilization of cellular volume in human erythrocytes.
Impact of early detection on cancer curability: A modified Delphi panel study
Authors: Schwartzberg Lee , Broder Michael S. , Ailawadhi Sikander , Beltran Himisha , Blakely L. Johnetta , Budd G. Thomas , Carr Laurie , Cecchini Michael , Cobb Patrick , Kansal Anuraag , Kim Ashley , Monk Bradley J. , Wong Deborah J. , Campos Cynthia , Yermilov Irina
Published: December 2022

Expert consensus on the potential benefits of early cancer detection does not exist for most cancer types. We convened 10 practicing oncologists using a RAND/UCLA modified Delphi panel to evaluate which of 20 solid tumors, representing >40 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)-identified cancer types and 80% of total cancer incidence, would receive potential clinical benefits from early detection. Pre-meeting, experts estimated how long cancers take to progress and rated the current curability and benefit (improvement in curability) of an annual hypothetical multi-cancer screening blood test. Post-meeting, experts rerated all questions. Cancers had varying estimates of the potential benefit of early cancer detection depending on estimates of their curability and progression by stage. Cancers rated as progressing quickly and being curable in earlier stages (stomach, esophagus, lung, urothelial tract, melanoma, ovary, sarcoma, bladder, cervix, breast, colon/rectum, kidney, uterus, anus, head and neck) were estimated to be most likely to benefit from a hypothetical screening blood test. Cancer types rated as progressing quickly but having comparatively lower cure rates in earlier stages (liver/intrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, pancreas) were estimated to have medium likelihood of benefit from a hypothetical screening blood test. Cancer types rated as progressing more slowly and having higher curability regardless of stage (prostate, thyroid) were estimated to have limited likelihood of benefit from a hypothetical screening blood test. The panel concluded most solid tumors have a likelihood of benefit from early detection. Even among difficult-to-treat cancers (e.g., pancreas, liver/intrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder), early-stage detection was believed to be beneficial. Based on the panel consensus, broad coverage of cancers by screening blood tests would deliver the greatest potential benefits to patients.
Development and validation of Health Belief Model based instrument to assess secondary school student’s adherence to COVID-19 self-protective practices in Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Tareke Kasahun Girma , Tesfaye Genzebie , Koricha Zewdie Birhanu
Published: December 2022

Background

The study aimed in developing and validating a Health Belief Model (HBM) based instrument used for cross-sectional studies among secondary school students in Jimma town, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Methods

A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 25 to June 10, 2021. The sample size was 634, and students were randomly selected from public and private secondary schools. The 81 items were developed reviewing different literatures based on the constructs of HBM. The constructs were perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self-efficacy, cues to action, perceived school support and self-protective practice. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The data were cleaned, entered into and analyzed using SPSS 23.0. A principal axis factoring with varimax rotation was carried out to extract items. Items with no loading factor or cross-loaded items were deleted. Items having factor loading coefficient of ≥0.4 were retained. An internal reliability was ensured at Cronbach’s alpha >0.70. All items with corrected item-total correlation coefficient below 0.30 were deleted from reliability analysis.

Results

In this study, 576 respondents were participated making a response rate of 90.8%. A total of thirty items were extracted and loaded in to eleven factors with cumulative variance of 56.719%. Percieved social support, percieved benefit, percieved school responsibility, self-efficacy, and practice items were internally consistent. Percieved vurnerability was neither valid nor reliable construct. Similarly, from the extracted factors, attitude towards face mask use and percieved peer influence were not internally consistent. Lastly, percieved benefit, self-efficacy and percieved school responsibility significantly predicted student’s adherence to COVID-19 self-protective practices.

Conclusions

The study found that perceived benefit, perceived school support, social support, self-efficacy, perceived school environment cleanness, perceived school responsibility, perceived school health education, attitude to use face mask, perceived severity, cues to action and perceived peer influence were valid. Finally, perceived benefit, self-efficacy and perceived school responsibility significantly predicted student’s adherence to COVID-19 self-protective practices.
El romancero nuevo a fines del siglo XVI: catalogación, transmisión, edición
Authors: Campa Mariano de la
Published: December 2022

Para entender el cambio de paradigma poético que se produce en el panorama literario español de fines del siglo XVI es necesario prestar atención a las colecciones impresas de romances que aparecieron entre 1589 y 1600. Estas colecciones dieron a conocer a los lectores el llamado Romancero nuevo. Los volúmenes impresos se caracterizaban por su título, que bajo el nombre de Flores de varios romances nuevos agrupaban poemas de diversos autores, y, también tenían en común el hecho de no indicar el nombre de sus creadores. El análisis de la primera Flor y las sucesivas ediciones de las Flores (hasta nueve) nos permite acercarnos a esta poesía y entender cómo fue el proceso de transmisión de los textos hasta el Romancero general de 1600.
Viua el gran Re Don Fernando (Historia Baetica, Carlo Verardi, Roma, 1493) o de la pragmática de la música impresa
Authors: Massa Pablo
Published: December 2022

Un incunable impreso en Roma en Marzo de 1493 por Eucharius Silber (Historia Baetica, de Carlo Verardi, una pieza teatral en prosa latina escrita para celebrar la conquista de Granada) contiene lo que se cree es la primera pieza polifónica secular jamás impresa, así como el ejemplo más antiguo conservado de música teatral: Viua el gran Re Don Fernando, una barzelletta anónima. Gran parte de la crítica académica no ha encontrado relación entre la música y la obra de Verardi, excepto el tema y el propósito encomiástico de ambas. Muchos estudiosos dudan incluso de que la música se haya ejecutado en el estreno de la obra teatral, según se cree. El propósito de este artículo es comprender la función semiótica de la pieza musical dentro de la editio de Silber. Para ello, consideramos esta edición como un acto de discurso políticamente dirigido, en el que la inclusión de sus componentes y su disposición material obedecieron a una compleja trama de intereses políticos, diplomáticos y personales. En este contexto, procuramos demostrar cómo y por qué la partitura de la barzelletta es aquí un mecanismo retórico que subraya deliberadamente la condición espectacular y teatral tanto del texto de Verardi como de las celebraciones que tuvieron lugar en Roma en ocasión de la conquista de Granada.
Gualdrapa y ¿galdrapa? en la lírica gallego-portuguesa y en Villasandino
Authors: Vallín Gema
Published: December 2022

Se da la casualidad de que las únicas atestaciones medievales del término gualdrapa pertenecen al poema de Alfonso Álvarez de Villasandino «Mi señor Adelantado» (ID1252), fechado en los primeros años del XV, y a la cantiga de Martin Anes Marinho «Ena primeira rua que cheguemos» (B 1621 / V 1154), que podría haber sido compuesta a finales del siglo XIII o en las primeras décadas del XIV. Se trata de dos textos que además guardan relación en cuanto al argumento y la retórica. Con todo, en Villasandino se ha venido interpretando gualdrapa como una ‘especie de pantalones’ y no como cobertura del caballo o la mula, pese a que este último parece ser el sentido que tiene en él; pero no en sus piezas «Noble Rey, yo adorando» (ID 1201), «Todos los discretos perder deben risa» (ID 1227) y «A vos, poderoso señor, sin infinta» (ID 1295), donde el contexto obliga a interpretar la copia del Cancionero de Baena en los tres casos como una prenda de vestir, aunque no necesariamente como unos pantalones de la época. En realidad, aquí se copia siempre galdrapa, mientras que «Mi señor Adelantado» PN1 trae la lectura gualdrapa, una variante que a mi entender no es meramente gráfica y sí significativa. Los editores de la cantiga de Alfonso X «Se me graça fezesse este Papa de Roma» (B 463) han interpretado la lectura del cancioneiro galdrara que aparece en el cuarto verso como galdrapa, entendida aquí también como una variante gráfica de gualdrapa, pero en este caso con el valor de cobertura equina. En este trabajo se discuten y se ponen en entredicho las distintas interpretaciones y ediciones que hasta la fecha se han ofrecido de ambos términos en las citadas obras, así como la posible influencia por medio de esta conexión léxica de las dos cantigas gallego-portuguesas con las piezas de Villasandino.
Fiscal Theory and Practice in Yorkist England: The Regression from a “Tax” to a “Domain” State
Authors: Brayson Alex
Published: December 2022

This work scrutinises the B. P. Wolffe’s influential argument that the Yorkist «land revenue experiment» transformed the English crown’s finances.  It pioneers quantitative estimates of the Yorkist royal budget which emphasise the limited net gains derived from the crown’s resumption of alienated lands.  This demonstrates that the notion of «living of the king’s own» which was central to the work of Sir John Fortescue does not afford a realistic blueprint for how a fifteenth-century government could manage its finances, but rather denotes an ideological, class-based, opposition to the lay tax burden.  These themes demonstrate the intellectual rigour of the «Bonney-Ormrod model of fiscal change», which accounts for historical fiscal systemic regression from «tax» to «domain» states, as occurred in Yorkist England, just as much as it does more commonly discussed cases of systemic fiscal advancement characteristic of much of early modern Western Europe.
“Era tingut e reputat per bon hom”: el proceso contra el mercader Luchino Scarampi en la curia de Aviñón a finales del siglo XIV
Authors: Tello Hernández Esther
Published: December 2022

El propósito de este artículo es analizar el proceso que se desarrolló en la curia pontificia de Aviñón contra el mercader de Asti Luchino Scarampi. En un convulso año 1396, este financiero de la monarquía aragonesa fue acusado de sufragar los gastos de las compañías mercenarias apostadas en Aviñón para atacar el norte de la Corona de Aragón. Todo parece indicar que las incriminaciones eran falsas, pero a instancia de la reina Violante comenzó un proceso inquisitorio ordenado por el papa Benedicto XIII. A través de la rica documentación conservada en el Archivo Apostólico Vaticano podemos comprobar los flujos de información que rodeaban a Scarampi, a la monarquía y al papado y las redes que tenía el financiero en la ciudad de Aviñón. Todo ello en el marco de una serie de acusaciones sobre corrupción y mala gestión del patrimonio real del que Scarampi fue uno de los principales implicados.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from pork in Muang district, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
Authors: Srichumporn Wirunchana , Chaisowwong Warangkhana , Intanon Montira , Na-Lampang Kannika
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim: Contaminated pork is one of the transmission routes for pathogens. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is one of the critical threats to global public health. This study aimed to examine pork from different types of markets in Muang district, Chiangmai Province, Thailand, for a proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli, antibiotic resistance of ESBL-producing E. coli and ESBL-producing E. coli genotypes.

Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from different market types; fresh markets, pork stores, and supermarkets, enriched and inoculated on selective media. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing E. coli was identified using double-disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2016. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed through VITEK® System and ESBL-encoding genes were detected using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Results: About 69% of the samples were positive to ESBL-producing E. coli and showed high rates of resistance for ampicillin (100%), piperacillin (100%), cefalexin (100%), cefpodoxime (100%), cefovecin (100%) and ceftiofur (100%), gentamycin (89.86%), and tetracycline (TE) (84.06%). All isolates were multiple drug resistant; resistance patterns of beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, TEs, nitrobenzene derivatives, and sulfonamide groups were observed. The ESBL-producing E. coli-positive isolates carried blaCTX-M groups (100%), blaTEM (98.55%), and blaSHV (1.45%). None of blaOXA was found in this study.

Conclusion: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing E. coli was found in various types of markets; all isolates were detected as multidrug-resistant. The dissemination of such strains can conceivably cause concerning public health, implying that supervised antimicrobial use in pork production and sanitary food preparation is recommended.
A educação ambiental no Brasil:
Authors: Denise Radiske Müller Diana , Godschmidt Andrea , Xavier Coutinho Renato Xavier Coutinho
Published: December 2022

O estudo, por meio de uma pesquisa cienciométrica, de abordagem quali-quantitativa, teve como objetivo caracterizar e analisar as produções acadêmicas strictu sensu de práticas pedagógicas de Educação Ambiental desenvolvidas junto a Educação Básica, com alunos do Ensino Fundamental II. Para tanto, elegeu-se a Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações para buscar os dados. Constitui o corpus de análise, 40 produções acadêmicas, compostas por dissertações e teses, no período entre 2010 a 2019. O estudo cienciométrico revelou maior número de produções acadêmicas selecionadas no ano de 2018, as práticas de Educação Ambiental publicadas apresentaram um perfil predominante realizado em instituições públicas, concentradas na região Sul do País. Verificou-se que, o foco das produções selecionadas desenvolveu-se em 14 programas de Pós-Graduação relacionados a Educação e ao Ensino de Ciências. O estudo evidenciou que a produção de conhecimento, centrou-se na pesquisa de natureza aplicada, com abordagem qualitativa e a principal metodologia de pesquisa referiu-se ao estudo de caso.  Por fim, a síntese cienciométrica sugere que se tem muito a avançar no número de produções stricto sensu, especialmente em teses, referente à temática Educação Ambiental no Ensino Fundamental II.
Práticas de Educação Ambiental:
Authors: Alexandre Paschoalin Filho João , Lopéz-Pérez Fredy , Guerner Dias António José , Campos Lima Kátia Guazzelli
Published: December 2022

As matrizes curriculares das escolas, sobretudo as de ensino fundamental, devem garantir que conhecimentos de Educação Ambiental sejam trabalhados de forma transversal e por meio de práticas didáticas cotidianas. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa investiga a visão de professores acerca das estratégias de ensino de Educação Ambiental adotadas em escolas privadas e estabelece um comparativo entre os agentes entrevistados e as escolas estudadas. Os resultados desta investigação revelaram que, dentre as escolas estudadas, apenas uma apresentou uma preocupação maior com a transversalidade do ensino da Educação Ambiental em sua proposta curricular; as demais limitaram-se em ressaltar experiências de práticas ambientais e a utilização de metodologias tradicionais nas salas de aula.
Percepção, interpretação e educação ambiental:
Authors: Silva Costa Clayton Angelo
Published: December 2022

Parte dos líderes políticos mundiais ignora as questões ambientais. A sociedade precisa perceber e interpretar os impactos para tomar uma posição crítica. Professores e/ou outros profissionais que abordam questões ambientais podem contribuir para o planejamento das atividades com uma percepção alinhada à interpretação contextualizada da Educação Ambiental. A metodologia utilizada é uma pesquisa qualitativa. O objetivo é responder à pergunta apresentada no título deste estudo e também apresentar uma proposta básica envolvendo: percepção, interpretação e Educação Ambiental para orientar os professores no planejamento de atividades que promovam a conservação da natureza. Espera-se que os envolvidos na atividade a ser planejada percebam e compreendam a importância da relação ser humano-natureza. Dessa forma, poderão imprimir posturas sustentáveis ​​em seu dia a dia e, principalmente, pressionar os governos a tomarem decisões que respeitem a natureza sustentável.
Geografia Contemporânea e Educação Ambiental
Authors: Andrade de Jesus Lelis Diego , Saheb Pedroso Daniele , Oliveira Santos Luiz Ricardo
Published: December 2022

As correntes do pensamento geográfico são manifestações de matrizes epistemológicas que imprimem, no mundo, a forma como os/as pesquisadores/as o observam e, também, como o experenciam e realizam a(s) ciência(s). Não diferente, as pesquisas e práticas em Educação Ambiental (EA) se alicerçam em categorias de pensamento que direcionam a condução do processo como marca de posicionamento social. Nessa seara, o presente estudo tem por objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento da ciência geográfica por meio de suas correntes de pensamento que se alinham epistemologicamente àquelas da EA. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico em artigos indexados, dissertações, teses e livros de ambas as áreas. Observou-se, assim, que algumas correntes da chamada Geografia Contemporânea são alinhadas com outras da EA, caracterizando possibilidades de compreensão de mundo fundamentadas no mesmo campo.
Usefulness of two-dimensional shear wave elastography in diagnosing hepatic veno-occlusive disease in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Lee Yoon Seong , Lee Seunghyun , Choi Young Hun , Cho Yeon Jin , Lee Seul Bi , Cheon Jung-Eun , Hong Kyung Taek , Kang Hyoung Jin
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in diagnosing hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) in pediatric patients.Methods: This study retrospectively included pediatric patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between November 2019 and January 2021. All 34 patients (8.7±5.0 years) were examined using 2D-SWE for an initial diagnosis. A subgroup analysis was performed using the data from follow-up examinations of patients diagnosed with VOD. The characteristics of the initial VOD diagnosis were compared with the longitudinal changes observed in VOD patients who underwent multiple ultrasound examinations.Results: In total, 19 patients were diagnosed with VOD at 17.6±9.4 days after HSCT. All VOD patients showed hepatomegaly, ascites, and gallbladder wall thickening. Liver stiffness was higher in VOD patients than in non-VOD patients (12.4±1.1 vs. 6.3±0.8 kPa, P<0.001). Liver stiffness values above 7.2 kPa showed 84.2% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity in distinguishing VOD from non-VOD (area under the curve, 0.925; 95% confidence interval, 0.780 to 0.987; P<0.001). A subgroup analysis of 11 patients showed a linear decrease in liver stiffness values after VOD diagnosis with treatment (first, second, and third follow-ups; 13.5±1.7, 11.3±1.4, and 9.5±0.8 kPa, respectively), but without statistical significance in the pairwise analysis.Conclusion: Liver stiffness measured using 2D-SWE increased in pediatric patients who develop VOD after HSCT. Therefore, liver stiffness can be a predictive and quantitative parameter for diagnosing VOD.
Risk of thyroid cancer in a lung cancer screening population of the National Lung Screening Trial according to the presence of incidental thyroid nodules detected on low-dose chest CT
Authors: Seo Hyobin , Jin Kwang Nam , Park Ji Sang , Kang Koung Mi , Lee Eun Kyung , Lee Ji Ye , Yoo Roh-Eul , Park Young Joo , Kim Ji-hoon
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study evaluated thyroid cancer risk in a lung cancer screening population according to the presence of an incidental thyroid nodule (ITN) detected on low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT).Methods: Of 47,837 subjects who underwent LDCT, a lung cancer screening population according to the National Lung Screening Trial results was retrospectively enrolled. The prevalence of ITN on LDCT was calculated, and the ultrasonography (US)/fine-needle aspiration (FNA)–based risk of thyroid cancer according to the presence of ITN on LDCT was compared using the Fisher exact or Student t-test as appropriate.Results: Of the 2,329 subjects (female:male=44:2,285; mean age, 60.9±4.9 years), the prevalence of ITN on LDCT was 4.8% (111/2,329). The incidence of thyroid cancer was 0.8% (18/2,329, papillary thyroid microcarcinomas [PTMCs]) and was higher in the ITN-positive group than in the ITN-negative group (3.6% [4/111] vs. 0.6% [14/2,218], P=0.009). Among the 2,011 subjects who underwent both LDCT and thyroid US, all risks were higher (P<0.001) in the ITNpositive group than in the ITN-negative group: presence of thyroid nodule on US, 94.1% (95/101) vs. 48.6% (928/1,910); recommendation of FNA according to the American Thyroid Association guideline and Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System guideline, 41.2% (42/101) vs. 2.4% (46/1,910) and 39.6% (40/101) vs. 1.9% (37/1,910), respectively.Conclusion: Despite a higher risk of thyroid cancer in the LDCT ITN-positive group than in the ITN-negative group in a lung cancer screening population, all cancers were PTMCs. A heavy smoking history may not necessitate thorough screening US for thyroid incidentalomas.
Positive Traits Inventory: Psychometric analyses of a short form
Authors: De la Iglesia Guadalupe , Castro Solano Alejandro , Gallagher Stephen
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper was generating a short form of the Positive Traits Inventory (PTI-5-SF) by means of three consecutive studies, using a cross-sectional design. The first study tested the psychometric properties of the shorter version of PTI-5. Results showed that a 25-item scale was appropriate to capture the five positive traits of the Positive Personality Model (PPM). In the secondstudy, the PTI-5-SF was used to replicate the analyses of PPM traits and different job outcomes, such as performance, satisfaction, and well-being. Here we found that the PPM traits, as measured by theshort form, increased the variance explained by the normal traits in all job outcomes. The third study replicated the explicative model of academic achievement that included PPM traits as background variables. Fit indexes and effects were as expected and replicated the results found with the long form. The PTI-5-SF can be recommended as an appropriate measure of PPM traits since its psychometric properties proved to be adequate and the results obtained with the long form were appropriately replicated with the short form.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a relaxation intervention on distress in university students: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Costa Rita , C. Machado José , Brandão Tânia , Pereira M. Graça , Remondes-Costa Sónia
Published: December 2022

University students are particularly vulnerable to stress due to the demands of higher education and the developmental transition from adolescence to adulthood. The adverse effects of prolonged stress responses highlight the importance of the development of coping skills. Relaxation appears as a tool capable of restoring the resources depleted by stress and increasing positive emotions,cultivating also self-compassion. This study aimed (1) evaluate the effectiveness of a relaxation training program in university students, using a randomized controlled trial comparing an active control group (exposed to listening to relaxing music) and a passive control groups (without any intervention), considering the changes over time in depression, anxiety and stress; (2) to examine how selfcompassion and subjective happiness contributed to depression, anxiety and stress in the full sample; (3) and to examine the moderating role of self-compassion in the association between happiness and depression, anxiety and stress. Anxiety and stress increased for participants in the relaxation training program, alluding to the possible side effects of the initial practice. Higher levels of self-compassion and subjective happiness were both associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Programs aimed at increasing self-compassion and subjective happiness seem to be relevant to promote students’ mental health.
RUSSIA. THE BACKGROUND OF THE RUSSIAN INVASION OF UKRAINE
Authors: HANAPPI Hardy
Published: December 2022

This paper presents an interpretation of the underlying dynamics of global political economy, which has led to the invasion of Ukraine by Russia in February 2022. It thus is an alternative to interpretations that view the individual psychological traits of Vladimir Putin as the driving force behind this event. To enable a more sensible account, it turns out to be necessary to go back in the history of the conflict between Russia and NATO to the times of the Cold War. Briefly, two important fields of methodology – a theory of power and game theory – have to be touched upon. Finally, the justified emotional disgust concerning Putin’s aggressive war and the somewhat more detached scientific analysis are tried to be reconciled in the concluding paragraphs.
Impact of 4 weeks of western diet and aerobic exercise training on whole‐body phenotype and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in male and female mice
Authors: McGowan Erin M. , Ehrlicher Sarah E. , Stierwalt Harrison D. , Robinson Matthew M. , Newsom Sean A.
Published: December 2022

High dietary fat intake induces significant whole‐body and skeletal muscle adaptations in mice, including increased capacity for fat oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis. The impact of a diet that is high in fat and simple sugars (i.e., western diet [WD]), particularly on regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, is less understood. The purpose of the current study was to determine physiologic adaptations in mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle during short‐term consumption of WD, including if adaptive responses to WD‐feeding are modified by concurrent exercise training or may be sex‐specific. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were randomized to consume low‐fat diet (LFD) or WD for 4 weeks, with some WD‐fed mice also performing concurrent treadmill training (WD + Ex). Group sizes were n = 4–7. Whole‐body metabolism was measured using in‐cage assessment of food intake and energy expenditure, DXA body composition analysis and insulin tolerance testing. High‐resolution respirometry of mitochondria isolated from quadriceps muscle was used to determine skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory function. Male mice fed WD gained mass (p < 0.001), due to increased fat mass (p < 0.001), and displayed greater respiratory capacity for both lipid and non‐lipid substrates compared with LFD mice (p < 0.05). There was no effect of concurrent treadmill training on maximal respiration (WD + Ex vs. WD). Female mice had non‐significant changes in body mass and composition as a function of the interventions, and no differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity. These findings indicate 4 weeks of WD feeding can increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity among male mice; whereas WD, with or without exercise, had minimal impact on mass gain and skeletal muscle respiratory capacity among female mice. The translational relevance is that mitochondrial adaptation to increases in dietary fat intake that model WD may be related to differences in weight gain among male and female mice.
Punica granatum seed oil detracts peritoneal adhesion: Perusing antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antiangiogenic impacts
Authors: Rakhshandeh Hassan , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa , Habibi Zahra , Sirousi Zahra , Askari Vahid Reza
Published: December 2022

Peritoneal adhesion is a significant problem following gastrointestinal surgeries, accompanied by a significant economic burden and morbidity for patients. Punica granatum seed oil (PSO) possesses antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the antiperitoneal adhesive properties of PSO in rats. Forty‐eight Wistar rats (200–250 g) were randomly and equally divided into six groups: sham group, control group; peritoneal adhesion without any treatment, vehicle group; peritoneal adhesion with saline + Tween‐80.5% treatment, and experimental groups; peritoneal adhesion with 0.5%, 1.5%, and 4.5% v/v PSO treatment. In addition, peritoneal adhesion was examined macroscopically along with evaluating the oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA], nitric oxide [NO], and glutathione [GSH]) inflammatory (interleukin [IL]‐6, IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α]), fibrotic (transforming growth factor‐β [TGF‐β]), and angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) factors. Our results revealed that the levels of adhesion scores, MDA, NO, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, TGF‐β, and VEGF, were propagated in the vehicle group while the GSH level was alleviated (p < 0.001). In contrast, premedication with PSO, especially at the lowest concentration, notably lessened the levels of adhesion scores, MDA, NO, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, TGF‐β, and VEGF as well as GSH in comparison to the vehicle group following the peritoneal adhesion induction (p < 0.001–0.05). As a result, PSO may prevent peritoneal adhesion through its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antiangiogenic properties. Therefore, PSO could be considered a beneficial candidate for the treatment of postoperative peritoneal adhesion.
Asymmetric mucosal structure, mesenteric versus antimesenteric, in mouse, rat, and human small intestines
Authors: Casselbrant Anna , Helander Herbert F.
Published: December 2022

The morphology of the small intestinal mucosa is reflected by the degree of stimuli. Previous studies have come to different conclusion about whether the mucosa is equally symmetrical. The aim of the study is to investigate whether there are structural differences in the mesenteric versus antimesenteric mucosa in mice, rats, and humans. Jejunal biopsies from mice and rats were saved. Samples from human small intestine were obtained from patients undergoing Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery. Fixed samples were used to morphologically evaluate villus height and enlargement factor due to villi. The number of goblet cells, mast cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Paneth cells were histologically analyzed in the villus structure. Cell turnover was analyzed by Ki‐67 staining. There was a significant increased villi height and villus enlargement factor antimesenterically in mice, rats, and human small intestines. The distribution of goblet cells, mast cells, and Paneth cells were equal while the number of enteroendocrine cells was increased antimesenteric in the human samples. The crypt mitotic activity was almost 20% higher in the antimesenteric part of jejunum. In summary we found longer villi, greater surface enlargement, and increased number of enteroendocrine cells as well as increased cell turnover antimesenterically. These differences may be of importance in understanding normal gastrointestinal physiology in health and disease.