bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Foam Sclerotherapy with Injection Ethanolamine Oleate for the Treatment of Venous Malformation in Head-Neck Region
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Habibur , Naha Abirvab , Majumder Riashat Azim , Mahmud Md Khalid , Jewel Arif Mahmud , Tarafder Kamrul Hassan , Chowdhury A Allam , Rahman Sheikh Hasanur
Published: December 2020

Background: Venous malformations (VMs) are a variety of low flow vascular malformations, which are developmental error of morphogenesis of veins where veins are dysplastic lined by quiescent or normal endothelium. Although surgical extirpation is the standard method for the treatment of vascular malformations, this procedure often leads to significant loss of motor function, nerve damage, or massive bleeding in patients which may endanger the life. Therefore, sclerotherapy has now been accepted as a less invasive alternative and good results have been obtained.
Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes after Foam sclerotherapy with injection Ethanolamine Oleate (EO) for the treatment of VMs in head-neck region.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Forty-three patients with venous malformation in head neck region that had the inclusion criteria were enrolled as a study sample. The patients were diagnosed mostly clinically & confirmed by demonstrating non-pulsatile blood flow and venous space using Duplex ultrasound. The sclerosing solution 5% Ethanolamine Oleate (EO) was used in this study. Sclerofoam was produced using the Tessari method in 4:1 air to liquid ratio, the foam had been used within 60- 90 seconds. Results of the study were categorized as excellent, good, fair and poor. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of BSMMU.
Results: Among 43 patients 34(79.1%) patients underwent single session and 9(20.9%) were two sessions. All the lesions were responded to EO. Response to sclerotherapy categorized as excellent were in two third 29 (67.4%) patients and 14 (32.6%) had good response. No sessions resulted in poor responses. No complications occurred following any procedures. All of the sessions were performed as a day case basis without anesthesia.
Conclusions: Foam sclerotherapy with injection EO appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of VMs in the head and neck region and should be considered when treating these complex lesions.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2020; 26(2): 79-85
Evaluation of Post-Hemithyroidectomy hypothyroidism
Authors: Awual SM Abdul , Hasan Syeda Marufa , Reza Suhel Al Muzahid , Islam Md Shahriar , Sarkar Utpaul Kumar , Kashem Md Abul
Published: December 2020

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of post-hemithyroidectomy hypothyroidism and identify possible risk factors that indicates which patients require thyroid function monitoring after surgery.
Methods: A prospective study of patients with benign, non-toxic thyroid disease undergoing hemithyroidectomy between January 2017 and July 2019 in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. All patients were in euthyroid state preoperatively.Thyroid specimens were examined for pathological diagnosis and thyroid function was evaluated again six weeks after surgery.
Results: All had normal preoperative thyroid function. Six weeks after surgery, 10 (22.22%) of the cases developed hypothyroidism (6.66% overt or symptomatic hypothyroidism and 15.56% subclinical hypothyroidism). The mean preoperative TSH level was significantly higher in the hypothyroid group than in the euthyroid group (2.1±1.1 vs 1.3±0.7mIU/L, p<0.01).Seven of patients with preoperative thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level more than or equal to 2 mIU/L developed hypothyroidism in comparison to only 3 of those with preoperative TSH <2 mIU/L (odds ratio 11.3).
Conclusion: Ten (22.22%) patients in the present study developed hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy. Preoperative TSH more than or equal 2 mIU/L, elevation of thyroid antibodies and thyroiditiswarrant post-operative close TSH monitoring. Awareness of such risk factors for post-operative hypothyroidism would improve patients care and reduce complications.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2020; 26(2): 95-101
Patterns of Neck Node Metastasis in Carcinoma of Oral Cavity
Authors: Ahmed Shamsuddin , Delwar AHM , Mazumder Jahangir Alam , Rashid M Sazibur , Khan M Arif Murshed , Mahamud Mashuque , Rahman Md Mostafizur
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To find out the patterns of cervical lymph node metastasis in oral cavity carcinoma.
Methods: This is across sectional study which was carried out in the department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Sir Salimullah Medical College Hospital (SSMC), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH) from July 2013 to December 2014.Total 96 cases were included in this study. Data were collected by detail history, clinical examination, relevant investigation and result were processed manually and analyzed with the help of SPSS.
Results: In this study 72 (75%) patients presented with clinically palpable neck nodes and 24 (25%) presented without neck node. Among 24 cases 7 cases was radiologically positive neck node. Out of 96 cases stage III was the highest (50.96%) followed by stage IV (27.01%), stage II (13.52%) and stage I (8.32%). That is 23 (23.92%) patients present with early stage and 73 (76.18%) patients present in late or advanced stage. Level l was the highest 49 (61.71%), followed by level all 35(44.1%), level lll 10 (12.6%).
Conclusion: As cervical lymph node metastasis is a critical event for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity, as this is the most reliable predictor of poor treatment outcomes. Thus for appropriate treatment it is very important to know this pattern of metastases.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2020; 26(2): 102-108
Preoperative Evaluation and Surgical Outcome of Cochlear Implantation in NIENT
Authors: Sarker Md Zakaria , Islam Muhammad Rafiqul , Dutta Utpal Kumar , Roy Debabrota , Nur AHM Ferdows , Wahid SM Shafi , Hanif Md Abu
Published: December 2020

Background: Sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common congenital sensory deficit, with an incidence of one to three per 1000 live births. Acoustic deprivation during the first 3 years of life can hinder speech and language acquisition with significant negative consequences on a child’s educational and psychosocial development. The gold standard intervention for permanent severe to profound hearing loss is cochlear implantation. Cochlear implant (CI); is a semi implantable electronic device that bypass the cochlea.
Objectives: An observational study was carried out on 40 cases of pre-lingual deaf to find out the causes of pre-lingual deaf, to evaluate the preoperative procedures to set ideal criteria for pre -lingual cochlear implantation and to evaluate surgical procedure and outcome of cochlear implantations.
Methods: Evaluation of the candidates included patient medical history, general health checkup, ENT examination, audiometric evaluation, CT and MRI scans, psychological profile of the candidate. A limited cortical mastoidectomy was performed. The facial recess was opened using the fossa of incudis as an initial landmark. The round window niche was visualized through the facial recess about 2 mm inferior to the stapes. A cochleostomy created by drilling over the basal turn of the cochlea anterior and inferior to the annulus of the round window membrane. The electrode array was then carefully inserted through the fenestra into the scala tympani of the cochlea. Electrophysiological testing (Neural Response Telemetry: NRT) was performed to verify the correct placement of active electrodes.
Resulst: Among them 22 (55%) were male and 18 (45%) were female. Male female ratio was 1.2:1. Age distribution at implantation was 3.3±1.054(SD). Average hearing loss was 96.4±5.3(SD) dB and in aided audiogram was 63.7±4.6(SD) dB. Overall complications occurred in 10 (25%) cases. Transient facial nerve paresis in 2 (5%), injury of tympanic membrane in 1(2.5%), seroma 4(10%) and delayed otitis media in 1(2.5%) were observed. Major postoperative complications occurred in 2 cases including facial nerve palsy in 1(2.5%) case and spontaneous device failure in 1(2.5%) case.
Conclusion: The result of this survey was find out the risk factor of congenital hearing loss. With a thorough preoperative evaluation, we can select proper candidates for CI which is a reliable and safe procedure with a low percentage of severe complication.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2020; 26(2): 128-135
Leafy vegetables in Chapai Nawabganj district of Bangladesh focusing on medicinal value
Authors: Rahman AHM Mahbubur , Khatun Most Mejanara
Published: December 2020

Leafy vegetables in Chapai Nawabganj district of Bangladesh was studied from January to December 2019. A total of 111 species belonging to 59 genera under 30 families were recorded, out of which, 52.25% species were wild and 46.84% species were cultivated in this study. Status of occurrence has been recorded for proper conservation management and sustainable utilization of the taxa resulting in 81.98% to be common, 17.11% as rare and 0.90% are found as vulnerable in the study area. A total of 93 medicinal plants have been documented with their uses for the cure of more than 53 diseases. The study showed that the people of Chapai Nawabganj district use leafy vegetables to treat their diseases. Therefore, the documented leafy vegetables should be further investigated for their efficacy and safety to be integrated into conventional medicine. Further more these leafy vegetables need to be conserved for their sustainable utilization.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 359-375, 2020 (December)
Elucidating differences between two confusing Shorea contorta S. Vid and Pentacme mindanensis Foxw. species of Dipterocarpaceae via leaf morphometrics: An initial investigation
Authors: Mazo Kean Roe F , Aribal Lowell G
Published: December 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 461-465, 2020 (December)
Meio ambiente e Saúde Pública: potenciais riscos à saúde humana por altas concentrações de arsênio na água em Portugal
Authors: Barbosa Vitória Aguiar , Bahia Mirleide Chaar , Souza Keulle Oliveira da , Oliveira Euzébio de
Published: December 2020

O Arsênio é considerado um metaloide, amplamente distribuído pelo globo terrestre, encontrado naturalmente no meio ambiente. Geralmente se apresenta em forma de sulfeto e em uma variedade enorme de minerais, apresentando características muito tóxicas, mesmo em pouca quantidade. O arsênio também pode causar a contaminação dos solos, das águas e dos alimentos e, consequentemente, possíveis intoxicações ao ser humano. Sendo assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o risco para a saúde humana pela ingestão de água contaminada por arsênio (foco principal) e também no alimento (através do uso da água no cozimento do arroz) em regiões de Portugal. A abordagem deste estudo foi quantitativa, por meio uma metodologia de avaliação de risco, através da elaboração de cenários, em que foram utilizados, a partir de revisão de estudos anteriormente realizados, buscando investigar os valores das concentrações de arsênio nas águas, bem como nos alimentos, com a finalidade de se conhecer melhor e se ter uma percepção dos possíveis agravos à saúde humana provocadas por este metaloide. Os principais resultados mostraram que se durante 70 anos o consumo de água for de 3 litros por dia (por habitante), com concentração de arsênio que em média é equivalente a 0,800 mg/L de água, pode acarretar em um perigo altamente potencial para a saúde humana. Do mesmo modo, o consumo de arroz (70g) durante 5 dias por semana por 50 anos, faz com que o indivíduo consuma os mesmos 0,800 mg/L de arsênio. Essa união de ingestão pode ser altamente prejudicial à saúde, acarretando inúmeras doenças, incluindo o câncer.
Invertebrate larval distributions influenced by adult habitat distribution, larval behavior, and hydrodynamics in the retentive upwelling shadow of Monterey Bay, California, USA
Authors: Satterthwaite EV , Ryan JP , Harvey JBJ , Morgan SG
Published: December 2020

Larval dispersal phases are a key determinant of population dynamics in recruitment-limited, coastal upwelling regions. Larvae were long considered to be highly susceptible to offshore transport, except in the lee of headlands where eddies form during upwelling conditions. We examined the spatial variation of benthic invertebrate larval assemblages in relation to the retentive upwelling shadow in northern Monterey Bay (California, USA) during strong upwelling (August 2013) and weak upwelling (October 2013). We characterized the spatial variation in physical characteristics of the water column, determined the cross-shore and depth distributions of invertebrate larvae in relation to the upwelling shadow, and examined how these physical and biological patterns change with upwelling strength. Larval abundances and environmental data (water temperature, salinity, chlorophyllaconcentration) were collected simultaneously using a plankton pump and profiling CTD at 3 depths: above, within, and below the chlorophyllamaximum layer. Larvae were primarily detected near the bottom. Larvae of most taxa were positively associated with a subsurface chlorophyllamaximum layer in August, but not in October when this layer was near the surface. Adult habitat distribution was related to the spatial distribution of larvae. Larvae of nearshore taxa occurred in the inner bay, while larvae of predominately offshore taxa occurred in the outer bay. Taxa with similar adult habitat (nearshore versus offshore) co-occurred in water samples. In addition, larvae of offshore taxa were commonly associated with offshore water types. Thus, the distribution of larvae within northern Monterey Bay appears to be strongly influenced by adult habitat distribution, vertical positioning of larvae in the water column, and upwelling strength.
Non-consumptive effects of predators on oysters differ based on predator identity and duration (but not frequency) of exposure
Authors: Gosnell JS , Levine EA , Goetz EM
Published: December 2020

Prey commonly encounter multiple predator species in interactions that vary in duration and frequency, yet these factors are rarely simultaneously considered in studies of non-consumptive effects. To consider these effects, we placed eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica in close proximity to crown conchs Melongena corona, blue crabs Callinectes sapidus, or both predators simultaneously in a field experiment for 0, 1, 3 consecutive, 3 isolated, or 6 consecutive days wk-1. Predator effects after 20 d were negligible. After 91 d, exposure to conchs led to significant decreases in oyster linear shell growth and mass and increases in shell thickness. The magnitude of these effects generally increased with the duration of exposure. Simultaneous exposure to both predators amplified these effects despite the fact that exposure to crabs alone did not significantly impact measured oyster traits. We also observed no difference in responses if oysters were exposed to predators 3 consecutive or 3 isolated days wk-1. Our results suggest that the non-consumptive effects of predators on oysters increase with exposure duration but that these effects may attenuate quickly after predators leave an area. Our findings also highlight the need to consider how predator community composition may impact non-consumptive effects. Prey may be more likely to respond to the presence of some predators when they are encountered simultaneously with other predators or in the presence of other stressors.
Environmental fluctuation and shifting predation pressure contribute to substantial variation in early marine survival of steelhead
Authors: Moore ME , Berejikian BA , Greene CM , Munsch S
Published: December 2020

SteelheadOncorhynchus mykisssmolts must migrate through distinct freshwater, estuarine, and coastal habitats, each with unique biological and physical characteristics, on their route from natal streams to the ocean to complete their life cycle. Fewer than 15% of steelhead smolts survived their migration from the Nisqually River through Puget Sound to the Pacific Ocean from 2006 to 2009 and in 2014. Rapid smolt migration coupled with evidence of smolt mortality at harbor sealPhoca vitulinahaulouts during 2014 indicated that predation by pinnipeds was an important source of mortality. When Puget Sound temperatures increased with the Northeast Pacific heat wave from late 2014 to 2016, steelhead smolt survival probabilities increased to 38% in 2016 and 2017, then decreased again as Puget Sound water temperatures cooled. Many ecological changes accompanied the increased marine temperatures, including the increased abundance of northern anchovyEngraulis mordaxin Puget Sound. The years of lowest smolt mortality coincided with abundant larval and post-larval anchovy during the previous year; and we provide data from telemetered harbor seals and steelhead indicating that the resulting high abundance of age-1+ anchovy provided an alternative prey source for predators of migrating steelhead smolts. Identification of ecological mechanisms that drive patterns in the survival of Endangered Species Act-threatened steelhead provides critical understanding of the systems within which management strategies must operate.
Carbon sequestration potential increased by incomplete anaerobic decomposition of kelp detritus
Authors: Pedersen MF , Filbee-Dexter K , Frisk NL , Sárossy Z , Wernberg T
Published: December 2020

Kelps are highly productive macroalgae that form habitats along one-quarter of the worlds’ coastlines. Emerging evidence suggests that kelps have the potential to sequester carbon through the export of detritus to deep marine sinks, yet how much of this detrital carbon is remineralized through grazing and microbial decomposition before it reaches these sinks remains a critical knowledge gap. We measured decay ofLaminaria hyperboreadetritus in shallow kelp forests (10 m) and adjacent deep fjords (300 m), and experimentally tested the effect of temperature and oxygen conditions similar to those at these habitats inex situexperiments. Initial decay rate (k) was high (-0.107 to -0.183 d-1) with 40-60% of the original carbon biomass being lost within few weeks, after which decay rates slowed down (k= -0.009 to -0.038 d-1). Temperature had little effect on the rate and extent of decomposition within the temperature range tested (4-10°C). Blade detritus decomposed almost completely in 300 d under aerobic conditions. Anaerobic decay of both blade and stipe detritus ceased, in contrast, after 150-200 d, leaving 20-30% of the initial biomass to decompose extremely slowly or not at all. Decomposition was followed by changes in chemical composition; C:N ratios increased substantially, while mannitol and phenolics disappeared almost completely from the detritus matrix. Slow and incomplete anaerobic decomposition suggest that the potential for long-term burial and sequestration of kelp carbon will be enhanced if detritus is exported to nearby deep areas with permanent or periodic hypoxia near the bottom.
Plant-fungal symbiosis responds to experimental addition of resources and physical stressor in a salt marsh
Authors: Moore AFP , Gehring CA , Hughes AR
Published: December 2020

Plant-fungal symbioses can have strong consequences for ecological communities and are sensitive to variation in abiotic factors. While the functions of mycorrhizal fungi are well established, the role of other root-colonizing fungi such as dark septate endophytes (DSE), which lack specialized structures for nutrient transfer, are less clear. DSE are ubiquitous in extreme and stressful ecosystems, including marine environments, and some studies suggest a potential role in plant nutrition. However, the response of DSE to nutrient availability and physical stress has rarely been tested in the field. We conducted a 10 mo field experiment to investigate how a symbiosis between the salt marsh plant Spartina alterniflora and DSE fungi responded to increased resources (nutrient addition) and physical stress (salt addition). Plant stem density and height increased in response to nutrient enrichment, consistent with past experiments in nutrient-limited marsh systems. Nutrient additions also increased S. alterniflora percent cover, but this effect was negated with elevated salinity. Nutrient addition decreased colonization by DSE hyphae by nearly half (8.8%, vs. 15.7% at ambient levels). Nutrients did not decrease DSE microsclerotia, which were marginally increased with the combination of added nutrients and salinity. These results are consistent with the view that plant-DSE interactions are based in part on enhanced nutritional condition of plants by fungi. In addition, there was a positive relationship between plant shoot growth and root colonization by DSE, suggesting a benefit of the association for the plants. Our results suggest that the poorly understood plant-DSE symbioses may be important in intertidal environments.
NMR Plasma Metabolomics Study of Patients Overcoming Acute Myocardial Infarction: in the First 12 h After Onset of Chest Pain With Statistical Discrimination Towards Metabolomic Biomarkers
Authors: PETRAS M , KALENSKA D , SAMOS M , BOLEK T , SARLINOVA M , RACAY P , HALASOVA E , STRBAK O , STASKO J , MUSAK L , SKORVANOVA M , BARANOVICOVA E
Published: December 2020

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death among adults in older age. Understanding mechanisms how organism responds to ischemia is essential for the ischemic patient’s prevention and treatment. Despite the great prevalence and incidence only a small number of studies utilize a metabolomic approach to describe AMI condition. Recent studies have shown the impact of metabolites on epigenetic changes, in these studies plasma metabolites were related to neurological outcome of the patients making metabolomic studies increasingly interesting. The aim of this study was to describe metabolomic response of an organism to ischemic stress through the changes in energetic metabolites and aminoacids in blood plasma in patients overcoming acute myocardial infarction. Blood plasma from patients in the first 12 h after onset of chest pain was collected and compared with volunteers without any history of ischemic diseases via NMR spectroscopy. Lowered plasma levels of pyruvate, alanine, glutamine and neurotransmitter precursors tyrosine and tryptophan were found. Further, we observed increased plasma levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate in balance with decreased level of lipoproteins fraction, suggesting the ongoing ketonic state of an organism. Discriminatory analysis showed very promising performance where compounds: lipoproteins, alanine, pyruvate, glutamine, tryptophan and 3-hydroxybutyrate were of the highest discriminatory power with feasibility of successful statistical discrimination.
Effects of Cyclic Stretching Exercise on Long-Lasting Hyperalgesia, Joint Contracture, and Muscle Injury Following Cast Immobilization in Rats
Authors: HAYASHI K , FUKUYASU-MATSUO S , INOUE T , FUJIWARA M , ASAI Y , IWATA M , SUZUKI S
Published: December 2020

The effects of exercise on mechanical hyperalgesia, joint contracture, and muscle injury resulting from immobilization are not completely understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cyclic stretching on these parameters in a rat model of chronic post-cast pain (CPCP). Seventeen 8-week-old Wistar rats were randomly assigned to (1) control group, (2) immobilization (CPCP) group, or (3) immobilization and stretching exercise (CPCP+STR) group. In the CPCP and CPCP+STR groups, both hindlimbs of each rat were immobilized in full plantar flexion with a plaster cast for a 4-week period. In the CPCP+STR group, cyclic stretching exercise was performed 6 days/week for 2 weeks, beginning immediately after cast removal prior to reloading. Although mechanical hyperalgesia in the plantar skin and calf muscle, ankle joint contracture, and gastrocnemius muscle injury were observed in both immobilized groups, these changes were significantly less severe in the CPCP+STR group than in the CPCP group. These results clearly demonstrate the beneficial effect of cyclic stretching exercises on widespread mechanical hyperalgesia, joint contracture, and muscle injury in a rat model of CPCP.
Apelin-13 Regulates Angiotensin II-Induced Cx43 Downregulation and Autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in HL-1 Cells
Authors: CHEN Y , QIAO X , ZHANG L , LI X , LIU Q
Published: December 2020

Atrial fibrillation is associated with atrial remodeling, in which connexin 43 (Cx43) and cell hypertrophy play important roles. In this study, apelin-13, an aliphatic peptide, was used to explore the protective effects of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR signaling pathway on Cx43 expression and autophagy, using murine atrial HL-1 cells. The expression of Cx43, AMPK, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and pathway-related proteins was detected by Western blot analysis. Cellular fluorescence imaging was used to visualize Cx43 distribution and the cytoskeleton. Our results showed that the Cx43 expression was significantly decreased in HL-1 cells treated with angiotensin II but increased in cells additionally treated with apelin-13. Meanwhile, apelin-13 decreased BNP expression and increased AMPK expression. However, the expression of Cx43 and LC3 increased by apelin-13 was inhibited by treatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. In addition, rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, promoted the development of autophagy, further inhibited the protective effect on Cx43 expression and increased cell hypertrophy. Thus, apelin-13 enhances Cx43 expression and autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, and serving as a potential therapeutic target for atrial fibrillation.
FACTORS, CRITERIA AND REQUIREMENTS FOR FINE QUALITY OF AERIAL IMAGERY, OBTAINED FOR MAPPING PURPOSES
Authors:   JSC «Roskartography», Anikeeva Irina A.
Published: December 2020

Fine image quality assessment of aerial imagery, obtained for mapping purposes, is a relevant problem today. The purpose of this article is development the criteria system of fine image quality assessment of aerial topographic imagery and set requirements to them. The article discusses a set of factors that determine the fine image quality - natural surveying conditions, its technical and technological conditions and parameters. The article carries out the analysis of how these factors influence on aerial imagery and shows the main defects of images caused by them – such as blurring, haze, loss of information in highlights and shadows, high random noise, color disbalance. The article defines the ways for identifying these defects and assessing their influence on the fine quality of aerial imagery both visual and automatic methods. It is shown that image fine quality assessment must be carried out in terms of structural and gradation (photographic) characteristics. It is also shown that, in addition to the above characteristics, fine quality of aerial images can be influenced by random factors, the appearance of which cannot be predicted. Defects caused by these factors are revealed by operator’s visual inspection. The requirements for several fine image quality criteria, which allow to establish this research phase, are given.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO GEODETIC SUPPORT FOR 3D CADASTRE
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Avrunev Evgeny I. , Giniyatov Artur I. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: December 2020

The article considers the approach to 3D cadastre geodetic control creation. Within the framework of this approach it is suggested to present the given production process by two technological operations: creation of geodetic control network in cadastral block to coordinate the external contour of capital construction object (CCO) and 3D modeling of its internal elements (premises). To implement these technological procedures, a regulatory framework for performing geodetic measurements and a coordinate system for entering the necessary information in the unified state register of real estate (USRRE) and performing 3D modeling of the structural elements of the CCO is proposed. It is noted that when implementing the proposed technological solutions, the technical plan prepared by the cadastral engineer can be considered not only as a document that allows the state cadastral registration of the ACS and its structural elements, but also as a regulatory document that determines the compliance of the erected building with its design parameters.
SANCTUARY "TEMPLE OF TIME" IN NORTHERN KHAKASSIA: MODELING LIGHT-AND-SHADOW PICTURE
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Gienko Elena G. , Parshikov Sergey A. ,   NP Ecological Center for the Rational Development of Natural Resources (NP EC ROPR), Bubir Elizaveta A. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: December 2020

The results of the study of the archaeological monument of Tagar culture (VIII-III centuries BC) "Temple of time", located in Northern Khakassia, are described. The main purpose of the study was to obtain natural scientific evidence of the monument calendar significance, as well as that its construction was performed in accordance with the light-and-dark picture during the sunrise and sunset at the equinoxes and winter solstice. To modeling the annual illumination of the monument by the Sun, azimuth orientation, geodesic measurements, and astronomical calculations were performed. In addition, in order to clarify the details, the simulation of a solar beam with a total station laser beam was applied. The modeling results were confirmed by direct observations during the autumnal equinox and winter solstice, when photographs were taken with recording of the shooting moments for subsequent astronomical calculations. As a result, the importance of astronomical research methods and direct observations on astronomically significant days of the year in the study of such archaeological objects is justified. Using astronomical calculations, it is proved that the light-and-shadow picture observed on the monument in modern times is almost identical to the light-and-shadow picture in the Tagar epoch. Suggestions have been made for using laser scanning to model a light-and-shadow picture. The monument "Temple of Time" is a unique object, it is a complex spatial structure in accordance with the illumination on astronomically significant days of the year. The direction of the main axis of the monument to the rising Sun at the winter solstice is made with an error of no more than 10, which indicates that the ancient organizers of the monument knew astronomical dates well and solved a direct problem by direct observations of the Sun. Measurements, calculations, modeling and field observations confirmed the assumptions about its calendar significance of the monument's discoverer, doctor of historical Sciences V. E. Larichev.
Fabrication of Silk-Hyaluronan Composite as a Potential Scaffold for Tissue Repair
Authors: Yu Li-Min , Liu Tao , Ma Yu-Long , Zhang Feng , Huang Yong-Can , Fan Zhi-Hai
Published: December 2020

Interest is rapidly growing in the design and preparation of bioactive scaffolds, mimicking the biochemical composition and physical microstructure for tissue repair. In this study, a biomimetic biomaterial with nanofibrous architecture composed of silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid (HA) was prepared. Silk fibroin nanofiber was firstly assembled in water and then used as the nanostructural cue; after blending with hyaluronan (silk:HA = 10:1) and the process of freeze-drying, the resulting composite scaffolds exhibited a desirable 3D porous structure and specific nanofiber features. These scaffolds were very porous with the porosity up to 99%. The mean compressive modulus of silk-HA scaffolds with HA MW of 0.6, 1.6, and 2.6 × 106 Da was about 28.3, 30.2, and 29.8 kPa, respectively, all these values were much higher than that of pure silk scaffold (27.5 kPa). This scaffold showed good biocompatibility with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and it enhanced the cellular proliferation significantly when compared with the plain silk fibroin. Collectively, the silk-hyaluronan composite scaffold with a nanofibrous structure and good biocompatibility was successfully prepared, which deserved further exploration as a biomimetic platform for mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for tissue repair.
Biomaterials-Mediated Regulation of Macrophage Cell Fate
Authors: Liu Yining , Segura Tatiana
Published: December 2020

Endogenous regeneration aims to rebuild and reinstate tissue function through enlisting natural self-repairing processes. Promoting endogenous regeneration by reducing tissue-damaging inflammatory responses while reinforcing self-resolving inflammatory processes is gaining popularity. In this approach, the immune system is recruited as the principal player to deposit a pro-reparative matrix and secrete pro-regenerative cytokines and growth factors. The natural wound healing cascade involves many immune system players (neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, B cells, etc.) that are likely to play important and indispensable roles in endogenous regeneration. These cells support both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system and collectively orchestrate host responses to tissue damage. As the early responders during the innate immune response, macrophages have been studied for decades in the context of inflammatory and foreign body responses and were often considered a cell type to be avoided. The view on macrophages has evolved and it is now understood that macrophages should be directly engaged, and their phenotype modulated, to guide the timely transition of the immune response and reparative environment. One way to achieve this is to design immunomodulating biomaterials that can be placed where endogenous regeneration is desired and actively direct macrophage polarization. Upon encountering these biomaterials, macrophages are trained to perform more pro-regenerative roles and generate the appropriate environment for later stages of regeneration since they bridge the innate immune response and the adaptive immune response. This new design paradigm necessitates the understanding of how material design elicits differential macrophage phenotype activation. This review is focused on the macrophage-material interaction and how to engineer biomaterials to steer macrophage phenotypes for better tissue regeneration.
Pattern of Morphological Variability in Unrepaired Unilateral Clefts With and Without Cleft Palate May Suggest Intrinsic Growth Deficiency
Authors: Latief Benny S. , Kuijpers Mette A. R. , Stebel Adam , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie , Fudalej Piotr S.
Published: December 2020

In individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) an iatrogenic effect of operations on subsequent maxillary growth is well-known. Much less is known about the association between occurrence of CLP and intrinsic growth deficiency of the maxillofacial complex. The aim of this study was to compare morphological variability in subjects with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus/palate and unaffected controls using geometric morphometric methods. The research hypothesis was that if subjects with unrepaired unilateral CLP have intrinsic growth deficiency, the pattern of their craniofacial growth variation may differ from that in unaffected individuals. Lateral cephalograms were available of three groups of the same ethnic background (Proto-Malayid): (a) non-syndromic unrepaired unilateral complete cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (UCLP), N = 66, mean age 24.5 years (b) non-syndromic unrepaired unilateral complete cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA), N = 177, mean age 23.7 years, and (c) NORM (N = 50), mean age 21.2 years without a cleft. Using geometric morphometrics shape variability in groups and shape differences between groups was analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine shape variability, while differences between groups and sexes were evaluated with canonical variate analysis. Sexual dimorphism was evaluated with discriminant function analysis (DA). Results showed that in comparison to NORM subjects, shape variability in UCLA and UCLP is more pronounced in the antero-posterior than in vertical direction. Pairwise comparisons of the mean shape configurations (NORM vs. UCLA, NORM vs. UCLP, and UCLA vs. UCLP) revealed significant differences between cleft and non-cleft subjects. The first canonical variate (CV1, 68.2% of variance) demonstrated that differences were associated with maxillary shape and/or position and incisor inclination, while in females, the CV1 (69.2% of variance) showed a combination of differences of “maxillary shape and/or position and incisor inclination” and inclination of the cranial base. Shape variability demonstrated considerable differences in subjects with UCLA, UCLP, and NORM. Moreover, in subjects with a cleft, within-sample variability was more pronounced in the antero-posterior direction, while in non-cleft subjects, within-sample variability was more pronounced in the vertical direction. These findings may suggest that subjects with unilateral clefts have intrinsic growth impairment affecting subsequent facial development.
Mono-Alkylated Ligands Based on Pyrazole and Triazole Derivatives Tested Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis: Synthesis, Characterization, DFT, and Phytase Binding Site Identification Using Blind Docking/Virtual Screening for Potent Fophy Inhibitors
Authors: Kaddouri Yassine , Abrigach Farid , Ouahhoud Sabir , Benabbes Redouane , El Kodadi Mohamed , Alsalme Ali , Al-Zaqri Nabil , Warad Ismail , Touzani Rachid
Published: December 2020

Twelve recent compounds, incorporating several heterocyclic moieties such as pyrazole, thiazole, triazole, and benzotriazole, made in excellent yield up to 37–99.6%. They were tested against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis fungi (Bayoud disease), where the best results are for compounds 2, 4, and 5 with IC50 = 18.8–54.4 μg/mL. Density functional theory (DFT) study presented their molecular reactivity, while the docking simulations to describe the synergies between the trained compounds of dataset containing all the tested compounds (57 molecules) and F. oxysporum phytase domain (Fophy) enzyme as biological target. By comparing the results of the docking studies for the Fophy protein, it is found that compound 5 has the best affinity followed by compounds 2 and 4, so there is good agreement with the experimental results where their IC50 values are in the following order: 74.28 (5) < 150 (2) < 214.10 (4), using Blind docking/virtual screening of the homology modeled protein and two different tools as Autodock Vina and Dockthor web tool that gave us predicted sites for further antifungal drug design.
Synthesis of Ni-Modified ZSM-5 Zeolites and Their Catalytic Performance in n-Octane Hydroconversion
Authors: Wei Qiang , Zhang Pengfei , Liu Xiaodong , Huang Wenbin , Fan Xiayun , Yan Yitong , Zhang Rongxun , Wang Lin , Zhou Yasong
Published: December 2020

Ni-modified ZSM-5 zeolites with different nickel contents were successfully prepared by the in situ synthesis method and the impregnation method. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption–desorption isothermals, and Py-FTIR. The characterization results show that both the textural properties and crystallization of Ni-modified ZSM-5 zeolites were preserved well, and their acidic properties can be modulated after nickel modification. The corresponding NiMo catalysts supported on Ni-modified ZSM-5 zeolites were prepared by the incipient wetness co-impregnation method, and their catalytic performances were evaluated in n-octane hydroconversion. Compared to the those modified by the in situ synthesis method, ZSM-5 zeolite-supported catalysts modified by the impregnation method exhibit higher stability and higher isomerization selectivity. This is due to the synergistic effect between Brønsted acid sites and Lewis acid sites on the Ni-modified ZSM-5 zeolites, especially for the NiMo/1Ni-Z5 catalyst.
Controlling Experimental Parameters to Improve Characterization of Biomaterial Fouling
Authors: Jesmer Alexander H. , Wylie Ryan G.
Published: December 2020

Uncontrolled protein adsorption and cell binding to biomaterial surfaces may lead to degradation, implant failure, infection, and deleterious inflammatory and immune responses. The accurate characterization of biofouling is therefore crucial for the optimization of biomaterials and devices that interface with complex biological environments composed of macromolecules, fluids, and cells. Currently, a diverse array of experimental conditions and characterization techniques are utilized, making it difficult to compare reported fouling values between similar or different biomaterials. This review aims to help scientists and engineers appreciate current limitations and conduct fouling experiments to facilitate the comparison of reported values and expedite the development of low-fouling materials. Recent advancements in the understanding of protein–interface interactions and fouling variability due to experiment conditions will be highlighted to discuss protein adsorption and cell adhesion and activation on biomaterial surfaces.
Application of Chemometrics Tools to the Study of the Fe(III)–Tannic Acid Interaction
Authors: Berto Silvia , Alladio Eugenio
Published: December 2020

Chemometric techniques were applied to the study of the interaction of iron(III) and tannic acid (TA). Modeling the interaction of Fe(III)–TA is a challenge, as can be the modeling of the metal complexation upon natural macromolecules without a well-defined molecular structure. The chemical formula for commercial TA is often given as C76H52O46, but in fact, it is a mixture of polygalloyl glucoses or polygalloyl quinic acid esters with the number of galloyl moieties per molecule ranging from 2 up to 12. Therefore, the data treatment cannot be based on just the stoichiometric approach. In this work, the redox behavior and the coordination capability of the TA toward Fe(III) were studied by UV-vis spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) and Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) were used for the data treatment, respectively. The pH range in which there is the redox stability of the system Fe(III)–TA was evaluated. The binding capability of TA toward Fe(III), the spectral features of coordination compounds, and the concentration profiles of the species in solution as a function of pH were defined. Moreover, the stability of the interaction between TA and Fe(III) was interpreted through the chemical models usually employed to depict the interaction of metal cations with humic substances and quantified using the concentration profiles estimated by MCR-ALS.
Fundamental Characteristics of Bat Interferon Systems
Authors: Clayton Emily , Munir Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Interferons are an essential component of the innate arm of the immune system and are arguably one of the most important lines of defence against viruses. The human IFN system and its functionality has already been largely characterized and studied in detail. However, the IFN systems of bats have only been marginally examined to date up until the recent developments of the Bat1k project which have now opened new opportunities in research by identifying six new bat genomes to possess novel genes that are likely associated with viral tolerance exhibited in bats. Interestingly, bats have been hypothesized to possess the ability to establish a host-virus relationship where despite being infected, they exhibit limited signs of disease and still retain the ability to transmit the disease into other susceptible hosts. Bats are one of the most abundant and widespread vertebrates on the planet and host many zoonotic viruses that are highly pathogenic to humans. Several genomics, immunological, and biological features are thought to underlie novel antiviral mechanisms of bats. This review aims to explore the bat IFN system and developments in its diverse IFN features, focusing mainly on the model species, the Australian black flying fox (Pteropus alecto), while also highlighting bat innate immunity as an exciting and fruitful area of research to understand their ability to control viral-mediated pathogenesis.
Discriminating Microbial Community Structure Between Peri-Implantitis and Periodontitis With Integrated Metagenomic, Metatranscriptomic, and Network Analysis
Authors: Komatsu Keiji , Shiba Takahiko , Takeuchi Yasuo , Watanabe Takayasu , Koyanagi Tatsuro , Nemoto Takashi , Shimogishi Masahiro , Shibasaki Masaki , Katagiri Sayaka , Kasugai Shohei , Iwata Takanori
Published: December 2020

Peri-implantitis and periodontitis are both polymicrobial diseases induced by subgingival plaque accumulation, with some differing clinical features. Studies on the microbial and gene transcription activity of peri-implantitis microbiota are limited. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that disease-specific microbial and gene transcription activity lead to disease-specific clinical features, using an integrated metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and network analysis. Metagenomic data in peri-implantitis and periodontitis were obtained from the same 21 subjects and metatranscriptomic data from 12 subjects were obtained from a database. The microbial co-occurrence network based on metagenomic analysis had more diverse species taxa and correlations than the network based on the metatranscriptomic analysis. Solobacterium moorei and Prevotella denticola had high activity and were core species taxa specific to peri-implantitis in the co-occurrence network. Moreover, the activity of plasmin receptor/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes was higher in peri-implantitis. These activity differences may increase complexity in the peri-implantitis microbiome and distinguish clinical symptoms of the two diseases. These findings should help in exploring a novel biomarker that assist in the diagnosis and preventive treatment design of peri-implantitis.
Increasing Interpretability of Bayesian Probabilistic Programming Models Through Interactive Representations
Authors: Taka Evdoxia , Stein Sebastian , Williamson John H.
Published: December 2020

Bayesian probabilistic modeling is supported by powerful computational tools like probabilistic programming and efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. However, the results of Bayesian inference are challenging for users to interpret in tasks like decision-making under uncertainty or model refinement. Decision-makers need simultaneous insight into both the model's structure and its predictions, including uncertainty in inferred parameters. This enables better assessment of the risk overall possible outcomes compatible with observations and thus more informed decisions. To support this, we see a need for visualization tools that make probabilistic programsinterpretableto reveal the interdependencies in probabilistic models and their inherent uncertainty. We propose the automatic transformation of Bayesian probabilistic models, expressed in a probabilistic programming language, into an interactive graphical representation of the model's structure at varying levels of granularity, with seamless integration of uncertainty visualization. This interactive graphical representation supports the exploration of the prior and posterior distribution of MCMC samples. The interpretability of Bayesian probabilistic programming models is enhanced through the interactive graphical representations, which provide human users with moreinformative, transparent, andexplainableprobabilistic models. We present a concrete implementation that translates probabilistic programs to interactive graphical representations and show illustrative examples for a variety of Bayesian probabilistic models.