bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure S1 from Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and a New Inflammatory Biomarkers Prognostic Index for Primary Retroperitoneal Sarcomas: Retrospective Monocentric Study
Authors: Fiore Marco , Ljevar Silva , Pasquali Sandro , Morelli Daniele , Callegaro Dario , Sanfilippo Roberta , Barisella Marta , Sangalli Claudia , Miceli Rosalba , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Supplemental Figure 1. Relationship between the risk of death, expressed as log-relative hazard from multivariable Cox model, and inflammation-related serum biomarkers.
Uma nova espécie de Tropidurus do Brasil (Sauria, Iguanidae)
Authors: Rodrigues M. T.
Published: January 2025

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Sobre uma nova espécie de Mabuya da Amazônia brasileira (Sauria, Scincidae)
Authors: Rebouças-Spieker Regina
Published: January 2025

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Jorge de Sena, poeta: leitor do Surrealismo - por conta alheia
Authors: Santos Alessandro Barnabé Ferreira
Published: January 2025

Jorge de Sena foi sobretudo poeta, e dessa sua condição essencial erigiu uma obra multifacetada, poliédrica e volumosa na qual avulta a sua profusão genológica que aponta para o intenso cuidado com que escreveu avidamente nos diversos e variados registros de escrita: I) a poesia – em seu diálogo interartes e com a tradição poética sobretudo medieval, renascentista e moderna –; II) a prosa de ficção – na forma do conto ou do romance de formação (inconcluso) –, III) a atividade tradutória, IV) a prática epistolar; o V) teatro, e por fim, VI) o ensaísmo crítico, sobre a qual deterei especial atenção, neste ensaio, cujo objetivo central é: a) ler criticamente os ensaios de Jorge de Sena acerca do Surrealismo (português), sobre o que escreveu de 1944 a 1977, de modo a rastrear a construção do seu pensamento crítico, em redor da aventura surrealista (e a surreal-abjeccionista) ao mesmo passo em que desenvolvia a sua própria obra poético-crítica.
A aplicação de uma proposta de ensino de tradução com foco na comparação português-espanhol: experiências de um curso piloto remoto
Authors: Rodrigues Bruna  Macedo de Oliveira
Published: January 2025

Apesar do interesse geral nos estudos voltados ao ensino da tradução ter aumentado principalmente a partir dos anos 2000, o contexto nacional não acompanhou esse ritmo. Como consequência, e apesar do cenário mais promissor dos últimos anos (Saldanha, Laiño, Melo, Pontes, 2021; Malta, 2021; Neckel, Vasconcellos, 2023), observamos ainda um número tímido de pesquisas dedicadas à formação de tradutores em solo brasileiro. Buscando somar esforços nessa direção, partimos da apresentação dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos que nos guiaram na elaboração de uma proposta de ensino, notadamente o enfoque por tarefas e seu caráter integrador (Hurtado Albir, 1999, 2019), para cumprir o objetivo principal deste texto, que é compartilhar a experiência de aplicação de um material didático por nós criado com o intuito de trabalhar determinados aspectos da comparação de nossas línguas de trabalho que se mostraram importantes para a tradução (Cintrão, 2006; González, 2008; Fanjul, González, 2014) e abordar temas importantes dos Estudos da Tradução, tais como a revisão, a noção de registro e de problema e dificuldade (Parra Galiano, 2007; Hatim, Mason, 1995; Nord, 2005). A experiência formativa que detalhamos transcorreu em um curso-piloto introdutório de tradução no par português-espanhol, ministrado remotamente durante o período da pandemia de Covid-19, a um grupo de graduandos de três universidades públicas brasileiras.
Ecological Uses of Translation: Two Poems by Paula Meehan Rendered into Galician
Authors: Palacios Manuela
Published: January 2025

Este artigo presenta a tradución cara ao galego de dous poemas da poeta irlandesa Paula Meehan e inscribe esta práctica tradutolóxica nos debates actuais arredor da “eco-tradución” coa intención de alentar a reflexión sobre o interese de reciclar traducións de publicacións anteriores xa esgotadas e, deste xeito, cuestionar a demanda dun crecemento interminable de novas traducións.Unha sucinta discusión do contido dos poemas de Paula Meehan vai acompañada da análise da traducións con atención a aspectos de léxico, sintaxe e patróns de musicalidade, así como, especialmente, á relevancia destes dous poemas irlandeses para a cultura galega que os recibe, na que u número notable de mulleres poetas levan igualmente tempo examinando e reescribindo o canon literario patriarcal.
Women in Power and Female Employment
Authors: Allemand Isabelle , Tran Phan Huy Hieu , Tran Thu Ha
Published: January 2025

This article draws on Acker’s (1990) theory of gendered organizations to investigate the relationship between women’s representation in high-level positions (female board members and female CEOs) and the female employment share within firms. Based on a study of European firms, the findings indicate that female directors, but not female CEOs, have a positive influence on the share of female employees, female-friendly policies, and the impact of these policies on female representation in firms. This study contributes to the literature with an empirical demonstration of the causal impact that having women in top positions can have on female employment. Furthermore, it helps clarify the mechanisms through which women in power influence gender equality in the workplace, and it offers insights for policymakers and firms aiming to promote gender diversity and equality.
“Is This the Family Path?”: Understanding the Lived Experience of Motherhood for Women Who Have Lost Their Own Mother to Suicide
Authors: Raby Sara , Anderson Joel R.
Published: January 2025

For daughters who have lost their mother to suicide, resurgences of grief may occur, triggered by anniversaries, family occasions, and by entering motherhood. When these women become mothers, they must adjust to the joys and stressors of motherhood, without the emotional and practical support that a maternal grandmother would often provide. This study provides an in-depth qualitative exploration of the experiences of women who have experienced their own mother suicide. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of five mothers who have experienced their mother suicide. Data were collected and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Analysis revealed five group experiential themes: lacking a guiding maternal figure, navigating identity and expectations, carrying the legacy of maternal suicide, motherhood as healing, and the trajectory:is this the family path?. This study identifies key challenges and specific needs of mothers who have experienced their mother suicide.
Investigating the effect of contingent factors on performance of SMEs: The mediating role of management accounting system
Authors: Ghazalat Anas , Mansour Ala’a Zuhair , Alkhasawneh Shadi , Alhmood Mohammad Abedalrahman
Published: January 2025

Background

SMEs failure is common within the first 5 years. For efficient resource management and improve corporate performance, SMEs need management accounting systems. Structure, strategy, and staff qualifications affect MAS adoption in organizations.

Objective

: This study aims to examine the effect of contingent factors in the adoption of MAS, as well as the effect of MAS on performance, and also the role of MAS as a mediator between performance and contingent factors in SMEs in Jordan.

Methods

PLS-SEM was used to evaluate a questionnaire of accounting department heads and finance managers from Jordanian SMEs ( N = 415).

Results

Decentralization, accounting staff qualification, differentiation strategy, and low-cost strategy directly increase MAS adoption. This study shows that MAS improve performance significantly. This study also shows that MAS mediate the relationship between decentralization, accounting staff qualification, differentiation strategy, and low-cost strategy and SME performance in Jordan.

Conclusions

The study found that contingent factors can help us understand how managers can use MAS information to improve performance. The results only somewhat expand the corpus of research on MAS’s usefulness, but they help us understand the aspects that may affect MAS design and performance in firms.
Career counselling framework for sustainable career trajectories Anthropocene: Intervention with a gifted disadvantaged youth
Authors: Maree Kobus
Published: January 2025

This article reports on an intervention based on a new approach to career counselling in the Anthropocene era. The research aimed to examine the determinants of the changes that occurred in the research participant rather than just the changes themselves. A gifted 17-year-old male (clarifying his career choice) was conveniently and purposively selected from enrichment workshop attendees. A descriptive and instrumental case study research was used to generate data. The workshop attendees completed the Career Interest Profile and the Maree Career Matrix to facilitate the intervention. Savickas’ guidelines for analysing career construction-related data were used to analyse the data. The intervention enhanced the participant’s psychological self as an autobiographical author especially. After the intervention the participant gave evidence of an enhanced sense of eco-awareness and moral behaviour). Further research is needed to establish the short-term and long-term effect of the kind of intervention in individual and group contexts.
Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for the Treatment of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Children
Authors: Trivedi Aditi M. , Montenegro Maria A. , Gonda David , Kim-McManus Olivia , Rismanchi Neggy , Frederick Aliya , Guido-Estrada Natalie , Jindal Anuja , Sattar Shifteh
Published: January 2025

Objective

Few studies have explored the efficacy of laser interstitial thermal therapy in pediatric epilepsy surgery. This study aims to evaluate seizure-free outcomes in children and adolescents with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy who underwent laser interstitial thermal therapy.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study performed at a level 4 epilepsy center. All patients had comprehensive presurgical epilepsy evaluations with a consensus treatment decision made by a multidisciplinary team. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were used to determine lesional vs nonlesional groups. All laser interstitial thermal therapy procedures were performed using Visualase laser ablation systems by the neurosurgical team. Seizure-free outcomes were measured according to the Engel surgical outcome scale.

Results

This study included 19 patients (12 girls, 7 boys). Age of epilepsy onset ranged from 2 to 17 years (mean 9.9 years), and age at time of surgery ranged from 8 to 20 years (mean 15.1 years). Ten patients (52.5%) had signs of hippocampal sclerosis on MRI (lesional group), and 9 patients (47.5%) had a normal brain MRI (nonlesional group). Engel 1 score was achieved by 14 of 19 patients (73.5%): 9 of 10 patients (90%) in the lesional group and 5 of 9 patients (55.5%) in the nonlesional group. Younger age of seizure onset was a predictor of better postsurgical outcome, but no other outcome predictors could be established.

Conclusion

Laser interstitial thermal therapy is safe and effective for the treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in children, rendering more favorable seizure-free outcomes in pediatric patients with hippocampal atrophy than in those with nonlesional mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Climate Action Research: What's Holding Us Back?
Authors: André Rae , Bradbury Hilary , Grant David , Hastings Bradley , Hoffman Andrew J. , Jennings P. Devereaux , Nyberg Daniel , Wright Christopher
Published: January 2025

Climate change is often described as an existential crisis calling for urgent action, yet there appears to have been relatively low levels of engagement on this issue within management scholarship. Contributors to this article, all of whom have engaged in climate action research, consider why it is that management scholars are generally choosing not to tackle this critically important challenge and argue what might be done to address this. In doing so, we provide new and alternative agendas for developing management research that will positively contribute to climate action.
Perinatal Genetic Screening From the Perspective of India-Born Individuals and Healthcare Providers in Victoria, Australia: A Community-Engaged Grounded Theory Protocol
Authors: Kanga-Parabia Anaita , Biggs Laura J. , Dawson-McClaren Belinda , Lewis Sharon , Pangli Karamdeep K. , Archibald Alison D.
Published: January 2025

Advances in genomic technologies are providing people with access to earlier diagnoses, intervention, and treatment of genetic conditions. However, there are inequities in access to and experiences of genomic technologies for several communities, such as people from non-European backgrounds and people who are born outside the country in which they reside. It is crucial to understand whether and how these issues manifest in different genomic healthcare settings across the world to develop targeted interventions and ultimately reduce healthcare inequities. In this research, we aim to specifically understand the process of perinatal genetic screening in Victoria, Australia from the perspective of people born in India and relevant healthcare providers. In this protocol, we provide a practical example of how community engagement can be used to extend grounded theory methodology in the genomic healthcare context. We are using grounded theory methodology because it provides a systematic approach to explain a complex process in the context of limited existing research. Furthermore, we are engaging community and healthcare providers throughout the research process. All community methods are being conducted in English, Punjabi and Hindi languages. Potential participants are being invited to participate via community networks, professional networks, relevant organisations, social media, and snowballing. The research team are able to address any questions and support participants through the consent process. Participants may share their views via an interview or qualitative survey. Recruitment, data generation, and analysis are occurring concurrently, and will result in a grounded theory explaining the process of perinatal genetic screening. The theory will inform equitable delivery of perinatal genetic screening in Australia as well as future research with other communities facing inequities in genomic healthcare.
Natural Language Processing (NLP): Identifying Linguistic Gender Bias in Electronic Medical Records (EMRs)
Authors: Xu Site , Sun Mu
Published: January 2025

With the rise of feminism, women report experiencing doubt or discrimination in medical settings. This study aims to explore the linguistic mechanisms by which physicians express disbelief toward patients and to investigate gender differences in the use of negative medical descriptions. A content analysis of 285 electronic medical records was conducted to identify 4 linguistic bias features: judging, reporting, quoting, and fudging. Sentiment classification and knowledge graph with ICD-11 were used to determine the prevalence of these features in the medical records, and logistic regression was applied to test gender differences. A total of 2354 descriptions were analyzed, with 64.7% of the patients identified as male. Descriptions of female patients contained fewer judgmental linguistic features but more fudging-related linguistic features compared to male patients (judging: OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.88, p < 0.01; fudging: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09-1.75, p < 0.01). No significant differences were found in the use of reporting (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.61-1.47, p = 0.81) and quoting (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.72-1.36, p = 0.96) between male and female patients. This study highlights how physicians may express disbelief toward patients through linguistic biases, particularly through the use of judging and fudging language. Both male and female patients may face different types of systematic bias from physicians, with female patients experiencing more fudging-related language and less judgmental language compared to male patients. These differences point to a potential mechanism through which gender disparities in healthcare quality may arise, underscoring the need for further investigation and action to address these biases.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) in multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review of published cases, mechanistic links between AD and MS, and possible clinical evaluation of AD in MS
Authors: Cottrill Ross , Ekanayake Anupa , Grove Cooper , Peiris Senal , Corbett Nicholas , Ahmed Biyar , Jens Will , Brearly Tim , Kanekar Sangam , Eslinger Paul , Yang Qing , Karunanayaka Prasanna
Published: January 2025

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are two neurological disorders that can pose enormous burden to a person's quality of life. Due to new therapeutic advancements that significantly extend the lifespan, there may be an increased prevalence of AD in elderly MS patients. Objective: Building on a previous review on MS-AD coexistence, this review not only aimed to broaden the pool of literature searched, but also investigated possible mechanistic links between clinical markers for MS and AD. Methods: We searched for newly reported cases of coexisting MS and AD in PubMed, Clinical Key, BioMed Central, and Europe PubMed Central databases; and identified 101 new cases in addition to the previously reported 24 cases by Luczynski et al. (2019). The resulting 125 comorbid cases necessitated an evaluation of literature on the pathogenesis of MS and AD. Results: This review highlights many overlaps between AD and MS (for instance, the immune cell dysfunction, glymphatic dysfunction, genetics, environmental factors, and others). We critically evaluated clinical and laboratory metrics used to identify AD in MS patients (e.g., MRI, amyloid-β and tau protein identification, miRNA biomarker evaluation, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, vitamin levels, gut microbiota etc.). Conclusions: Future research should refine these diagnostic criteria and focus on enhancing screening and detection methods for AD in MS patients. Furthermore, one should also investigate the primary causes of the increased comorbidity between AD and MS.
Primary pulmonary diffuse large B cell lymphoma presenting with features of organizing pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Li Sunjie , Huang Yige , Wang Linlin , Zhou Jintao
Published: January 2025

Background

Primary pulmonary lymphoma is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Primary pulmonary diffuse large B cell lymphoma is an exceptionally rare form of primary pulmonary lymphoma. The clinical presentation of primary pulmonary diffuse large B cell lymphoma is often nonspecific, and imaging findings lack pathognomonic features, leading to frequent misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.

Case presentation

An 81-year-old Chinese man presented with a 4-month history of pulmonary nodules and a 2-month history of cough and dyspnea. Initial empiric antibiotic therapy for suspected lung infection was ineffective. A chest computed tomography scan revealed multiple patchy and nodular opacities in both lungs. Bronchoscopy ruled out bacterial and fungal infections, leading to a diagnosis of organizing pneumonia. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids provided transient symptomatic improvement, followed by clinical deterioration. Upon admission to hospital, a percutaneous lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of primary pulmonary diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The patient was transferred to the hematology department and received rituximab combined with reduced dose cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone chemotherapy. Despite treatment, the patient’s clinical condition deteriorated, leading to eventual mortality owing to disease progression.

Conclusion

Primary pulmonary diffuse large B cell lymphoma is a rare clinical condition with non-specific clinical manifestations, posing significant challenges for accurate and timely diagnosis. Early differentiation from other pulmonary conditions, such as organizing pneumonia, is critical to avoid delayed or inappropriate treatment, potentially improving patient outcomes. This case underscores the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach, including histopathological confirmation, in patients with pulmonary lesions that do not respond as expected to empiric therapies on the basis of preliminary diagnoses.
Hysteresis Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Column Retrofitted and Repaired with Carbon Fiber Sheet
Authors: Lee Moon-Sung , Lee Li-Hyung
Published: January 2025

Structures experience damage and deterioration over their life cycle. The recent increase in interest in sustainable development of cities is re-evaluating the long-term use of structures. Therefore, researches on the retrofitting method for existing structures is receiving high attention again. However, there are very few cases where the direct comparison between the repair and retrofitting effects of structures has been experimentally verified. In this study, retrofitting methods and repair methods with carbon fiber sheets for reinforced concrete columns under shear failure were investigated. 10 reinforced concrete columns were tested under reversed cyclic loading. As a result of the experiment, it was found that, when reinforced with CFS strips, the increase in the width of the strip serves to enhance the strength and ductility of the reinforced member by providing confinement against shear cracks occurring in concrete. It was confirmed that as the number of overlaps of CFS increased, a greater strength-enhancing effect and ductility-enhancing effect appeared. However, the two-way reinforcement of CFS did not show a great effect in improving strength and ductility. As a result of evaluating the repair performance of damaged members using CFS, it was found that the strength and ductility of the repaired specimen exceeded the original strength and ductility of the base material as well as the strength and ductility of the reinforced specimen.
Multi-omics approaches for understanding gene-environment interactions in noncommunicable diseases: techniques, translation, and equity issues
Authors: Alemu Robel , Sharew Nigussie T. , Arsano Yodit Y. , Ahmed Muktar , Tekola-Ayele Fasil , Mersha Tesfaye B. , Amare Azmeraw T.
Published: January 2025

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancers, diabetes, and mental health disorders pose a significant global health challenge, accounting for the majority of fatalities and disability-adjusted life years worldwide. These diseases arise from the complex interactions between genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors, necessitating a thorough understanding of these dynamics to identify effective diagnostic strategies and interventions. Although recent advances in multi-omics technologies have greatly enhanced our ability to explore these interactions, several challenges remain. These challenges include the inherent complexity and heterogeneity of multi-omic datasets, limitations in analytical approaches, and severe underrepresentation of non-European genetic ancestries in most omics datasets, which restricts the generalizability of findings and exacerbates health disparities. This scoping review evaluates the global landscape of multi-omics data related to NCDs from 2000 to 2024, focusing on recent advancements in multi-omics data integration, translational applications, and equity considerations. We highlight the need for standardized protocols, harmonized data-sharing policies, and advanced approaches such as artificial intelligence/machine learning to integrate multi-omics data and study gene-environment interactions. We also explore challenges and opportunities in translating insights from gene-environment (GxE) research into precision medicine strategies. We underscore the potential of global multi-omics research in advancing our understanding of NCDs and enhancing patient outcomes across diverse and underserved populations, emphasizing the need for equity and fairness-centered research and strategic investments to build local capacities in underrepresented populations and regions.
Usefulness of a novel density measurement drill for evaluating cancellous bone density: correlation between CT value and drilling torque value in bovine ribs
Authors: Doi Kazuya , Wakamatsu Kaien , Kobatake Reiko , Oki Yoshifumi , Makihara Yusuke , Konishi Masaru , Tsuga Kazuhiro
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The study aimed to examine the usefulness of a novel density measurement drill for evaluating cancellous bone density by examining the correlation between computed tomography (CT)-based Misch bone density classification and drilling torque value.

Methods

Bovine ribs were used as the drilling sites for implant placement. Multidetector CT (MDCT) was performed after contrast materials were attached to the drilling sites. CT value within the region of interest (ROI) on MDCT scan was measured and classified according to the Misch classification (D1 to D5). Drilling torque value was measured using a novel measurement drill. Next, histomorphometric analysis of the drilling site was performed to assess bone density, expressed as percentage of bone area within ROI.

Results

MDCT showed the presence of D2 (n = 87), D3 (n = 92), D4 (n = 133), and D5 (n = 52) at the measurement sites, however, no sites were classified as D1. The drilling torque values were 11.2 ± 3.2 Ncm for D2, 7.8 ± 3.3 Ncm for D3, and 3.0 ± 1.2 Ncm for D4, and 1.4 ± 0.6 Ncm for D5, with significant differences. A positive correlation was observed between CT value and drilling torque value (r = 0.99). Histomorphometric analysis revealed a positive correlation between drilling torque value and bone area ratio (r = 0.97).

Conclusions

The results of this limited study demonstrated the usefulness of the direct and objective cancellous bone density evaluation method using a novel measurement drill. This evaluation method will be informative for subsequent treatment decisions.
Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise with Different Cuff Types
Authors: Chen Lin-Sheng , Brosselin Philippe , McLaurin Natalie , Charry Daniela , Tanaka Hirofumi
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Although blood flow restriction (BFR) training has gained popularity, the original narrow semi-elastic pneumatic design of the KAATSU bands has been gradually replaced by wide-rigid nylon blood pressure cuffs that are cheaper and more readily available. The purpose of this study was to compare physiological and perceptual responses before and after BFR resistance exercise with different types of BFR cuffs.

Methods

Twenty-six healthy young adults (10 females) completed three testing visits. In the first visit, blood pressure and maximal muscle strength were measured to determine cuff pressure and weight to be used for the training sessions. In the second and third training sessions, which were conducted in a randomized order, the participants completed single-arm BFR sessions with either a wide-rigid cuff or a narrow semi-elastic pneumatic band. In each training session, the participants performed three sets of biceps curls, triceps extensions, and handgrip exercises.

Results

When the participants were performing BFR exercise with the wide-rigid cuff, systolic blood pressure was higher after the handgrip exercise, and diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure were higher after all three exercises (P < 0.05). Perceived exertion and soreness levels were greater after the biceps curls, and pain level was greater after all three exercises with use of wide-rigid cuff (P < 0.05). Changes in heart rate and blood lactate concentration were not different between cuff conditions.

Conclusion

The use of wide-rigid cuffs might elicit greater increases in blood pressure, perceived exertion, and pain during BFR resistance training. Our results suggested that cuff selection might be an important consideration when prescribing BFR training.
The Impact of Provider Payments on Health Care Utilization of Low-Income Individuals: Evidence from Medicare and Medicaid
Authors: Cabral Marika , Carey Colleen , Miller Sarah
Published: January 2025

Provider payments are the key determinant of insurance generosity within many health insurance programs covering low-income populations. This paper analyzes a large, federally mandated provider payment increase for primary care services provided to low-income elderly and disabled individuals. Using comprehensive administrative data, we leverage variation across beneficiaries and providers in the policy-induced payment increase in difference-in-differences and triple differences research designs. We find the payment increase led to a 6 percent increase in the targeted services for eligible beneficiaries, implying a payment elasticity of 1.2, and decreased the fraction of low-income beneficiaries with no primary care visit in a year by 9 percent. (JEL G22, I11, I13, I18, I38)
Development and testing of compact electronic modules for detectors based on SiPM array
Authors: Akbarov Ramil , Nuruyev Sabuhi , Tyutyunnikov Sergei , Kucera Patrik , Holik Michael
Published: January 2025

Background Compact electronic modules are essential for modern detector systems utilizing Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays due to their small size, low power consumption, and high precision. To address the growing demand for portable and efficient detection systems, the development of modules tailored for such applications has become a critical focus. This study introduces compact electronic modules designed for detectors based on MAPD (Microcell Avalanche Photodiode) arrays, aiming to improve reliability and versatility for industrial, medical, and scientific applications. Methods The developed modules include two primary components: DC-DC Voltage Converter: Based on the MAX1932ETC chip. Converts a 5 V input to a stable output voltage adjustable between 30 and 90 V. Supports a maximum current of 2.5 mA, ensuring reliable operation for SiPM arrays. Signal Amplification Unit: Utilizes the LTC6268 chip. Processes input signals ranging from 10 to 75 mV. Offers a gain factor of 45, characterized by low noise and high precision. The modules were integrated with a scintillation detector comprising a MAPD-3NM-II photodiode array and an LFs scintillator. Performance testing was conducted using a Cs-137 gamma source. Results The energy resolution of the detector system was evaluated using the 662 keV gamma line from the Cs-137 source. The modules achieved an energy resolution of 10 ± 0.5%, demonstrating high reliability and efficiency. This performance confirms the modules’ capability to maintain stable operation and precise signal processing under real-world conditions. Conclusions The developed compact electronic modules provide a cost-effective and efficient solution for detectors utilizing SiPM arrays. Their stable voltage conversion, low-noise signal amplification, and high energy resolution make them suitable for a wide range of applications in industrial, medical, and scientific fields. Future work may focus on optimizing the modules for broader voltage ranges and compatibility with different scintillator materials to expand their applicability.
Swallowing problems and oral health status among dwelling older adults in the community
Authors:   Geriatric Dentistry, Bandanlanhoi Hospital, Sukhothai Province, Thailand., Saleedaeng Pongsak
Published: January 2025

Background: Oral health factors affecting oral food processing may comprise swallowing. Swallowing problems are commonly observed in older adults and are associated with various complications such as malnutrition, dehydration, and an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia. Age-related physiological changes in the swallowing mechanism, along with chronic diseases and dry mouth, further elevate the risk of dysphagia in this population.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between oral health status and swallowing problems in community-dwelling older adults from Sukhothai Province, Thailand.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 297 older adults aged 60 years and above, and a community-based study was conducted among the residents of Sukhothai province. Participants were assessed using the 10-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) questionnaire to evaluate swallowing problems. In addition, demographic data, underlying diseases, oral health status, and the incidence of dry mouth were recorded. The Thai Mental Status Examination (TMSE) was used to screen for cognitive function. Logistic regression analysis examined the association between these factors and the swallowing problem.

Results: The prevalence of swallowing problems was 48.8%. Swallowing problems were reported significantly with age, particularly in those aged ≥70 years, with a higher prevalence of swallowing issues at 84.7%, compared to 24.7% in participants aged 60-69 years (OR=25.56, p<0.001). Dry mouth was also strongly associated with swallowing problems. Participants suffering from dry mouth had higher odds of experiencing swallowing issues (OR=3.31, p><0.01). Underlying diseases further increased the risk of dysphagia (OR=4.41, p><0.001). No significant association was found between swallowing problems and gender, occlusal pairs, or denture use.><0.001). Dry mouth was also strongly associated with swallowing problems. Participants suffering from dry mouth had higher odds of experiencing swallowing issues (OR=3.31, p<0.01). Underlying diseases further increased the risk of dysphagia (OR=4.41, p<0.001). No significant association was found between swallowing problems and gender, occlusal pairs, or denture use.

Conclusion: 48.8% of community-dwelling older adults suffer from swallowing problems. This study highlights age, underlying diseases, and dry mouth as critical factors contributing to swallowing problems in older adults. Screening for swallowing issues in those aged ≥70 years, underlying disease, or dry mouth should be integrated into routine health assessments.
Analysis of the Career Trajectories of Students from the Jeonui-gam in the Late Nineteenth Century : Focusing on the Individuals in Jeonhamsaengdoan and Byeolcheonpalsean
Authors: SHIN Eunjeong , WOO Hyunjung
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes the career trajectories of students from Jeonuigam in the late nineteenth centry Joseon dynasty, shedding light on its educational functions by focusing on individuals listed in the Jeonhamsaengdoan and Byeoncheonpalsean. The primary subject of this research, the Jeonhamsaengdoan, is a valuable resource for understanding the career paths of Jeonuigam students, containing enrollment information for 384 individuals. The Byeolcheonpalsean, introduced for the first time in this paper, provides information about an alternative method of enrollment known as ‘Byeolcheon’ for students entering Jeonuigam.The analysis of these individuals’ career paths reveals that many Jeonuigam students had overlapping enrollments in other technical institutions, such as Saekwon and Gwangsangam. This suggests that medical education was not limited to specific disciplines but was part of a broader educational framework. Moreover, the Seogyeong system allowed younger siblings to enroll alongside older ones, while the Byeolcheon system, which facilitated recommendations from other institutions, provided educational opportunities for families. These findings highlight the diverse methods in which medical and vocational education were conducted in the late nineteenth century Joseon dynasty.Approximately 66 percent of Jeonuigam students became medical officials, while others pursued careers in fields such as interpreting and various government roles, contributing to society in multiple ways. This study demonstrates that Jeonuigam was not solely focused on training medical personnel but was intricately linked to broader vocational education systems. Consequently, this study contributes to a historical understanding of medical education in the late Joseon period. Future studies should explore comparisons with Hyeminseo and Naeuiwon, changes in the social status of the middle class, and Jeonuigam’s role during the transition to modern medical systems.
Medical Discourse on Suicide in Post-War Britain - To Decriminalize Suicide and Attempted Suicide -
Authors: HWANG Hye Jean
Published: January 2025

This study aims to reconstruct the medical discourse on suicide in the late 1940s and 1950s and identify the strategies employed by medical professionals to decriminalize suicide. Despite the emergence of suicide as an important social issue in post-war Britain, the subject remained largely outside the purview of the public, policy makers and various specialist groups. However, the medical community approached the topic from a professional perspective, formed collective opinions as a specialist group, and sought to change the status quo and existing laws related to suicide. As a result, they became the only group actively engaged in the movement for suicide law reform. The strategies devised by medical professionals proved effective. They distanced themselves from moral and religious debates, framing suicide as a practical and value-neutral issue. They also adhered to a deterministic paradigm, defining suicide as the result of uncontrollable and, therefore, excusable circumstances. Factors such as mental illness, social isolation, and specific familial background were identified as major contributors to self-destruction. By focusing on cases of attempted suicide, rather than completed suicides, they shifted the debate in their favor. Finally, they argued that decriminalizing suicide would not weaken social control but instead provide a solid foundation for more efficient and powerful regulation. This discourse produced by medical professionals ultimately culminated in the passage of the Suicide Act 1961.
What matters for ‘good work’? Shared perspectives from Work Integration Social Enterprises
Authors: Rendall Jack , Roy Michael J. , Steiner Artur , McHugh Neil
Published: January 2025

With the positive effects of ‘good work’, and the adverse effects of poor work becoming increasingly well documented, innovative approaches to providing employment for those who are excluded from work continues to be a salient topic. Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) are organizations that pursue employment creation for those often excluded from the wider labour market. Yet WISEs have faced criticism for prioritizing market-based approaches to addressing social problems, posing implications for good work. Since ‘good work’ is highly subjective we employ Q methodology to answer the question: What are the perspectives of workers in WISEs regarding what ‘good work’ means to them? The findings of our study indicate that three broad perspectives on good work emerge from workers within WISEs. The nuances of these perspectives could help to guide WISEs to balance the provision of good work alongside social and commercial tensions.
Spectral fingerprinting of aqueous glucose with ultra-broadband vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy at bio-relevant low concentration
Authors: Luo Cheng , Namboodiri Mahesh , Schulz Michael , Riedel Robert , Prandolini Mark J. , Laarmann Tim
Published: January 2025

Vibrational modes of glucose spanning from 900 to 1400 cm−1 in the molecular fingerprint region have been traced by means of vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy in aqueous solution as a function of glucose concentration. The high sensitivity is enabled by a 200 kHz few-cycle mid-infrared optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA). The OPCPA generates broadband pulses (from 7 to 11 μm) centered at 9 μm with 114 fs pulse duration, at a high average power of 245 mW and high pulse energy of 1.2 μJ. The achieved performance of the spectrometer is benchmarked by probing the carbon-oxygen bond stretching mode at 1035 cm−1 using a biologically relevant low sample concentration of 10 mM.
Robustness of lensless single random phase encoding systems to image sensor pixel size
Authors: Goswami Saurabh , Krishnan Gokul , Javidi Bahram
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose a procedure to analyze lensless single random phase encoding (SRPE) systems to assess their robustness to variations in image sensor pixel size as the input signal frequency is varied. We use wave propagation to estimate the maximum pixel size to capture lensless SRPE intensity patterns such that an input signal frequency can be captured accurately. Lensless SRPE systems are contrived by placing a diffuser in front of an image sensor such that the optical field coming from an object can be modulated before its intensity signature is captured at the image sensor. Since diffuser surfaces contain very fine features, the captured intensity patterns always contain high spatial frequencies regardless of the input frequencies. Hence, a conventional Nyquist-criterion-based treatment of this problem would not give us a meaningful characterization. We propose a theoretical estimate on the upper limit of the image sensor pixel size such that the variations in the input signal are adequately captured in the sensor pixels. A numerical simulation of lensless SRPE systems using angular spectrum propagation and mutual information verifies our theoretical analysis. The simulation estimate of the sampling criterion matches very closely with our proposed theoretical estimate. We provide a closed-form estimate for the maximum sensor pixel size as a function of input frequency and system parameters such that an input signal frequency can be captured accurately, making it possible to optimize general-purpose SRPE systems. Our results show that lensless SRPE systems have a much greater robustness to sensor pixel size compared with lens based systems, which makes SRPE useful for exotic imagers when pixel size is large. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate sampling of lensless SRPE systems as a function of input image frequency and physical parameters of the system to estimate the maximum image sensor pixel size.
Optical characterization of the type-II hybrid nanostructure with the GaSb/GaAs quantum dots coupled to an InGaAs/GaAs quantum well
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Yajie , Guo Yingnan , Wang Shufang , Fu Guangsheng , Mazur Yuriy I. , Ware Morgan E. , Salamo Gregory J. , Liang Baolai
Published: January 2025

A hybrid nanostructure is constructed with self-assembled GaSb/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) coupling to an In0.125Ga0.875As/GaAs quantum well (QW) through a 4.5 nm GaAs thin spacer. This quantum dot-well (QDW) hybrid structure retains the characteristics of a type II band alignment while enabling flexibility in engineering the hybrid energy levels by independently controlling the configuration of the QDs, the QW, and the spacer layer. Photoluminescence measurements prove that this structure has several advantages in comparison with a structure containing QDs only. These advantages include a reduction in the effective band gap and an enhancement of the carrier generation as well as collection efficiency due to carrier injection from the QW. Thus, it holds promise for photovoltaic and photodetector applications. However, there is also carrier localization and emission in the wetting layer (WL) of the QDs, which competes for carriers with the dots. Thus, the QDW system should be carefully optimized to reduce the carrier localization impact while it is applied to improve the ultimate performance of photovoltaic and photodetector devices.
High-order spectral filtering based on photonic synthetic dimensions
Authors: Liao Yu-Wei , Yang Mu , Zhang Hao-Qing , Luo Xi-Wang , Zhou Zheng-Wei , Xu Jin-Shi , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can
Published: January 2025

Photonic synthetic dimensions offer a novel approach to generating additional dimensions in photonic systems by harnessing non-spatial degrees of freedom. This technique has demonstrated significant potential for the development of advanced all-optical devices. Here, we present a design and experimental demonstration of tunable high-order filters based on driving photon propagation in synthetic orbital angular momentum and polarization dimensions in a single cavity. We provide rigorous proof for the equality between the coupled ring resonator arrays and the synthetic lattice in a resonant cavity. We illustrate the dispersion relation of the constructed cavity and show that the synthetic dimension-based filter has an electric-controlled tunable center frequency and passband bandwidth. Our all-optical filter design would inspire the invention of functional optical devices using photonic synthetic lattices.
Architecture for coherent dual-comb spectroscopy and low-noise photonic microwave generation using mechanically actuated soliton microcombs
Authors: Murakami Tatsuki , Wada Koshiro , Kogure Soma , Takabayashi Ryomei , Yang Liu , Shibata Riku , Kumazaki Hajime , Watanabe Shinichi , Ishizawa Atsushi , Tanabe Takasumi , Fujii Shun
Published: January 2025

Dissipative Kerr soliton microcombs have inspired various intriguing applications such as spectroscopy, ranging, telecommunication, and high purity microwave generation. Mechanically actuated soliton microcombs provide enhanced controllability and flexibility for Kerr solitons, thus enabling technological progress to be made on such practical applications. Here, we present architectures for coherent dual-comb techniques and ultralow-noise microwave generation by exploiting the mechanical actuation of ultrahigh-Q crystalline microresonators. By unifying a pump laser, we demonstrate highly coherent dual-soliton combs using distinct resonators with slightly different repetition rates. We also report significant phase-noise reduction achieved by directly generating Kerr solitons from a sub-Hz linewidth ultrastable laser. This study paves the way for further advancements in a wide variety of applications based on Kerr soliton microcombs.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of smoke aerosols based on simultaneous multi-view imaging and tomographic absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Han Wenyu , Zhang Fuhao , Liu Wensong , Huang Shunyao , Gao Can , Ma Zhiyin , Zhao Fengnian , Hung David L. S. , Li Xuesong , Xu Min
Published: January 2025

Smoke aerosols are mixtures of fine particles suspended in the atmosphere. Based on the absorption or scattering of light by these particles, researchers have conducted extensive optical diagnostics studies of smoke aerosol morphology and behavior. However, conventional optical methodologies are restricted to two-dimensional (2D) or single-point measurements. To overcome this constraint, this study introduces a novel three-dimensional (3D) diagnostic technique based on tomographic absorption spectroscopy (TAS) reconstruction. A 10-camera backlight imaging system is developed to simultaneously capture multi-view 2D images. Subsequently, smoke aerosols are reconstructed using multiplicative algebraic reconstruction techniques (MART). The morphology and relative concentration distribution are visualized through volume rendering and slice observation techniques, respectively. Overall, the proposed reconstruction approach has demonstrated its efficacy in elucidating the intricate 3D morphology and internal structure of smoke aerosols, showcasing its significant potential for advanced visualization.