bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHRASEOLOGISMS WITH THE WORD "BLACK" IN RUSSIAN AND MARIAN LANGUAGES
Authors: Yambulatova O.V., , Permyakova N.P. , Lysova O.V. , Abdullina A.Sh.
Published: July 2020

The color picture of the world, in our opinion, is included in the cultural and conceptual picture of the world. The distribution of a particular color in the culture, household items, costumes, and works of art of a people depended on their customs, traditions, religious beliefs, and aesthetic norms. The linguistic color worldview is realized in the form of color meanings in separate lexemes, phrases, idiomatic expressions and other verbal means.it is organically included in the lexical system of the language worldview. The article discusses the use of features chloronema black in phraseology of Russian and Mari languages. Based on the analysis of the estimated values of phraseological units with the black component, a conclusion is made about the General negative attitude to this color in the axiological picture of the world of speakers of the studied languages.
VALIDITY OF EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL PROCESSES (BRIEF OUTLINE OF HUMAN EVOLUTION)
Authors: Vakurova N. , Moskovkin L.
Published: July 2020

Modern evolutionary genetics can adequately interpret current processes in the social field. At the same time, it is a genetic engineering biotechnology that actually provides a tool for managing society. In this article, we summarize what has been achieved in this direction, regardless of whether the source belongs to the Humanities or natural Sciences. The only criterion used for selecting the material is adequacy, i.e. validity and compatibility of the proposed models.
¿Cuán preparados están los jefes técnicos para ejercer un liderazgo efectivo? Estudio de opinión a partir del Marco para la Buena Dirección y el Liderazgo Escolar
Authors: Yañez Teresa , Rivero Rosario
Published: July 2020

International evidence situates school leadership as the second most important factor for student learning. Educational national policies and research have given increased attention to school principals, evidenced by the creation of a national framework for good governance and school leadership, known in Spanish as the Marco para la Buena Dirección y el Liderazgo Escolar (MDBLE). However, there is a dearth of national research about school leadership from the perspective of the instructional coaches.Â  In this context, this article evaluates the degree of preparation of these middle leaders to exercise an effective leadership derived from the MDBLE, based on a survey of 300 instructional coaches. The results reveal that less than 50% of these middle leaders have a solid understanding of the framework. Furthermore, while overall they consider themselves moderately prepared, there is heterogeneity in their perceptions of how well prepared they are to implement the framework, while most consider themselves highly prepared for some components and thematic dimensions, only 10% perceive themselves to be highly prepared for all components and dimensions of the framework. This evidence points out challenges for the improvement of school leadership through a strengthening of principal competences and better articulation between educational policies and the framework.
Representaciones sociales de duplas psicosociales sobre las acciones profesionales realizadas en establecimientos municipalizados, Chillán, Chile
Authors: Jarpa-Arriagada Carmen Gloria , Escobar Constanza , Guiñez Laura , Salazar Karla
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes the social representations of psychosocial pairs of municipal schools and discusses the definition and objective of this intervention device, which enters Chilean schools as one of the measures of social inclusion. We affirm that the school, as a space for human development, must assume responsibility for the inequities that prevent the most vulnerable children from becoming fully integrated into school life. However, the mere installation of the psychosocial duo in schools does not seem sufficient. Through group interviews, we approach the representation of psychosocial pairs to understand their work and how they are integrated into the school space. The results indicate that the process of insertion into schools has been difficult and excessively depends on the peculiarities and specific demands of each school. Teachers demonstrate resistance to theÂ  pairsâ€™ actions, and ask them to carry out low-skill activities. The findings indicate a wide variability in functions and an excessive burden of administrative functions. Thus, the work of educational inclusion is co-opted by a variety of administrative obligations that divert the pairâ€™s attention from the main purpose of working on educational inequality and inequity.
Interculturalidad y prácticas docentes en clases de Historia, Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, en escuelas con alto porcentaje de alumnos migrantes de la comuna de Santiago
Authors: Valledor Laura , Garcés Luis , Whipple Pablo
Published: July 2020

This article presents an exploratory study of four teachersâ€™ teaching practices in the subject of History, Geography and Social Sciences, in schools with a high immigrant enrollment, in the district of Santiago. The purpose of this research was to explore how teachers respond to the challenge of teaching students with diverse cultural and historical backgrounds. The study uses a qualitative approach with a Grounded Theory focus, in order to generate knowledge from the practices themselves. The results indicate that teachers essentially apply two strategies in the classroom: (1) comparisons between the characteristics of Chilean events, historical processes or topics, with those of the immigrant studentsâ€™ countries of origin, and (2) the use of analogies between the experiences of immigrant students and the curriculumâ€™s Â mandatory content. Although these strategies coincide with some principles of an intercultural teaching approach, they coexist with explanations related to an essentialist idea of national identity and narratives of cultural superiority. These findings can guide future continuing education and support programs and help teachers to improve the practices they are currently using and to deepen the understanding of interculturality in the teaching of History and Social Sciences.
La vinculación universitaria con el medio y los mecanismos de reconocimiento académico
Authors: Irarrázaval Ignacio
Published: July 2020

There is widespread reflection on the relevance and need for outreach and public engagement for universities in Chile, the United States and other countries around the world. However, the development of this area of academic work is hindered by the fact that universities and their academics have other responsibilities of greater priority, namely teaching and research. In addition, these concepts have diverse, broad meanings, which makes it difficult to implement systematic and coherent public engagement strategies in the university world. This essay investigates the experience of U.S. universities, in terms of how diverse mechanisms for academic recognition, promotion and support may or may not enhance initiatives for university outreach with society and the local community. The analysis shows that the leadership of the institutions' head directors is one of the most relevant aspects in promoting university outreach, beyond the formal mechanisms. This essay provides important insights for the Chilean higher education system in its endeavor to install a higher level of outreach and engagement with society.
Microbiote et syndrome de l’intestin irritable : que faut-il savoir ? Perspectives thérapeutiques
Authors: Bazin T.
Published: July 2020

Le syndrome de l’intestin irritable (SII) est une maladie complexe composée de sous-groupes hétérogènes de patients. Les traitements actuels ne sont pas satisfaisants quant à leur efficacité. Le microbiote intestinal, objet d’études de plus en plus nombreuses, est potentiellement impliqué dans la physiopathologie du SII. Il n’existe pas de signature microbienne particulière de la maladie, mais certaines caractéristiques du microbiote sont associées à sa sévérité. Certains traitements modifiant entre autres effets la composition du microbiote intestinal ont prouvé leur efficacité dans cette pathologie, comme les probiotiques, les modifications de l’alimentation, certains antibiotiques non absorbables et plus récemment la transplantation fécale. De nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques s’ouvrent avec l’avancée des technologies offrant de nouveaux moyens de moduler la composition du microbiote intestinal. Une caractérisation précise de cette composition, en prenant en compte les nombreux biais liés aux méthodes d’analyse et les sousgroupes symptomatiques de patients, permettra sans doute à terme de proposer des traitements personnalisés efficaces.
Neurostimulation for treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: an update on neurocircuitry and therapeutic targets
Authors: Larkin M. Benjamin , McGinnis John P. , Snyder Rita I. , Storch Eric A. , Goodman Wayne K. , Viswanathan Ashwin , Sheth Sameer A.
Published: July 2020

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a widespread and often devastating psychiatric condition. Core symptoms include intrusive and distressing thoughts, heightened reactivity, mood changes, cognitive impairments, and consequent avoidance of trauma-related stimuli. Symptoms of PTSD are often refractory to standard treatments, and neuromodulatory techniques have therefore drawn significant interest among the most treatment-resistant patients. Transcranial magnetic stimulation has demonstrated minimal efficacy, and deep brain stimulation trials are currently ongoing. PTSD is a disorder of neural circuitry; the current understanding includes involvement of the amygdala (basolateral and central nuclei), the prefrontal cortex (ventral medial and dorsolateral regions), and the hippocampus. Neuroimaging and optogenetic studies have improved the understanding of large-scale neural networks and the effects of microcircuitry manipulation, respectively. This review discusses the current PTSD literature and ongoing neurostimulation trials, and it highlights the current understanding of neuronal circuit dysfunction in PTSD. The authors emphasize the anatomical correlations of PTSD’s hallmark symptoms, offer another potential deep brain stimulation target for PTSD, and note the need for continued research to identify useful biomarkers for the development of closed-loop therapies. Although there is hope that neuromodulation will become a viable treatment modality for PTSD, this concept remains theoretical, and further research should involve institutional review board–approved controlled prospective clinical studies.
Pseudarthrosis in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a self-locking, stand-alone cage filled with hydroxyapatite: a retrospective study with clinical and radiological outcomes of 98 levels with a minimum 2-year follow-up
Authors: Iunes Eduardo A. , Barletta Enrico A. , Belsuzarri Telmo A. B. , Onishi Franz J. , Aihara André Y. , Cavalheiro Sergio , Joaquim Andrei F.
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence of pseudarthrosis after the treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD) with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in which self-locking, stand-alone intervertebral cages filled with hydroxyapatite were used.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of 49 patients who underwent 1- to 3-level ACDF with self-locking, stand-alone intervertebral cages without plates, with a minimum 2 years of follow-up. The following data were extracted from radiological and clinical charts: age, sex, time and type of pre- and postoperative signs and symptoms, pain status (visual analog scale [VAS]), functional status (Neck Disability Index [NDI]), history of smoking, bone quality (bone densitometry), and complications. Pseudarthrosis was diagnosed by a blinded neuroradiologist using CT scans. Clinical improvement was assessed using pre- and postoperative comparison of VAS and NDI scores. The Wilcoxon test for paired tests was used to evaluate statistical significance using a p value of < 0.05.

RESULTS

Three patients (6%) developed symptomatic pseudarthrosis requiring reoperation, with only 1 patient showing clinical worsening due to pseudarthrosis, while the other 2 with pseudarthrosis had associated disc disease at an adjacent level. The rate of symptomatic pseudarthrosis according to the number of operated levels was 0% for 1 level, 8.7% (2/23 patients) for 2 levels, and 7.7% (1/13 patients) for 3 levels. The total pseudarthrosis rate (including both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients) was 16.4%. Considering the clinical outcomes, there was a significant improvement of 75.6% in neck pain and 95.7% in arm pain, as well as a 64.9% improvement in NDI scores. Complications were observed in 18.4% of patients, with adjacent-level degenerative disease being the most prevalent at 14.3%.

CONCLUSIONS

ACDF with self-locking, stand-alone cages filled with a hydroxyapatite graft can be used for the surgical treatment of 1- to 3-level CDDD with clinical and radiological outcomes significantly improved after a minimum 2-year follow-up period. Comparative studies are necessary.
Nutrition planning during the COVID-19 pandemic for aging immunity
Authors: Martirosyan Danik , Polamarasetti Pooja
Published: July 2020

The disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, disproportionately targets individuals with aging or otherwise dysfunctional immunity. Since nutrition is shown to have a massive effect on the immune system—and other body systems that can both improve protection and ability to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 virus—we conducted a literature review of nutrition recommendations and their antiviral effects in older adult populations. Certain bioactive compounds and functional foods have been shown in the past to improve the body’s immune function and prevent viral infection. We organize our recommendations by food groups, as delineated by the MyPlate nutritional program, to create guidelines for senior citizens, public health experts, nutritionists, caretakers, and nursing homes. We hope this research will assist in improving the age disparity in vulnerability to the disease COVID-19 during the pandemic.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, infection, pandemic, deficiency, health, nutrition, immunity, diet, elderly, aging, senior citizens
Modification of Teaching/Learning Strategies of University Teaching Staff
Authors: Dyomina O. A. , Tepleneva I. A.
Published: July 2020

The paper considers the problem of changing the traditional model of higher education into the up-dated model of blended learning. The paper focuses on the problem of changing the teaching/learning strategies as the necessary condition for creating and improving the modified educational environment at Universities taking into consideration the advanced achievements in science and social development. The article dwells on the existing possibilities for a student-centered teaching/learning process where the student creates his individual educational track. The authors have considered the reimagining means of teaching/learning strategies for teaching staff by aiming at effective blended learning. Having analyzed the results of pilot studies, shortcomings of conventional teaching and statistical information on graduate employment, the authors have stated the fact that neither conventional teaching nor the so-called innovative educational technologies could close the gap between educational aims and results. The acute shortage of up-dated theoretical psychological and peda gogical knowledge as well as the lack of due consideration for reimagining of teaching/learning strategies have been suggested as the deep-rooted causes of this gap. The paper suggests the definition of teaching/learning strategies and the developed model of their application for University educational environment. The authors have shown the existed blended learning models and the experience of their implementation in the Russian Federation and abroad. The role of educational moderator at creating a new type of teaching/learning interaction by using a Tutorial FL Navigator has been justified and illustrated by FLT at University. The student turns into a member of academic community while entering the environment of Content and Language Integrated Learning Project (CLILP). The potential prospects of blended learning model have been analyzed using the project method in teaching foreign languages (Content and Language Integrated Learning Project). The conclusion of blended learning effectiveness for transformation the general foreign language teaching into expanded professional education has been drawn on the base of obtained empiric and statistical evidence.
Validation of Random Forest Machine Learning Models to Predict Dementia-Related Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Real-World Data
Authors: Mar Javier , Gorostiza Ania , Ibarrondo Oliver , Cernuda Carlos , Arrospide Arantzazu , Iruin Álvaro , Larrañaga Igor , Tainta Mikel , Ezpeleta Enaitz , Alberdi Ane
Published: July 2020

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are the leading cause of the social burden of dementia but their role is underestimated. Objective: The objective of the study was to validate predictive models to separately identify psychotic and depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with dementia using clinical databases representing the whole population to inform decision-makers. Methods: First, we searched the electronic health records of 4,003 patients with dementia to identify NPS. Second, machine learning (random forest) algorithms were applied to build separate predictive models for psychotic and depressive symptom clusters in the training set (N = 3,003). Third, calibration and discrimination were assessed in the test set (N = 1,000) to assess the performance of the models. Results: Neuropsychiatric symptoms were noted in the electronic health record of 58% of patients. The area under the receiver operating curve reached 0.80 for the psychotic cluster model and 0.74 for the depressive cluster model. The Kappa index and accuracy also showed better discrimination in the psychotic model. Calibration plots indicated that both types of model had less predictive accuracy when the probability of neuropsychiatric symptoms was <25%. The most important variables in the psychotic cluster model were use of risperidone, level of sedation, use of quetiapine and haloperidol and the number of antipsychotics prescribed. In the depressive cluster model, the most important variables were number of antidepressants prescribed, escitalopram use, level of sedation, and age. Conclusion: Given their relatively good performance, the predictive models can be used to estimate prevalence of NPS in population databases.
Photosynthetic activity and agro-energy efficiency of growing perennial grasses under different modes of use of the grass stand
Authors: Grebennikov Vadim , Shipilov Ivan , Khonina Olesya
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The purpose of research is to study the adaptability and stability of new varieties and species of perennial grasses under different modes of use of grass (hay, pasture), aimed at reducing the dependence of their productivity on fluctuations in agrometeorological conditions in the arid zone. The research is based on the methods of designing grasslands adapted to extreme conditions of the arid zone and capable of withstanding temperature, water, and coenotic stresses due to morphophysiological reactions of plants. Results and practical significance. The most productive eco-plastic grass mixtures of new varieties of perennial legumes and grasses that are necessary for creating agrophytocenoses for target use have been identified. Correlative relationships of the productivity level of the species and variety with the physiological parameters of plants were established. The role of the phytocenotic factor that characterizes the relationship of plants in different modes of use of grass (haymaking, pasture) is determined and patterns in the dynamics of accumulation of crop biomass by grass mixtures of different botanical composition are established. The highest biomass on average for 4 years was formed by crops in the mode of haymaking use of grass (alfalfa + wheat grass + brome + sainfoin + melilot – 3.07 t/ha of dry matter). For pasture use, on average, over 4 years, the highest productivity was provided by a grass mixture – alfalfa + fairway + brome + wheatgrass + festulolium + sainfoin + melilot with a collection of 1.5 t/ha of dry matter and 9.6 GJ/ha of exchange energy for a net energy income of 8.7 GJ/ha. Scientific novelty. For the first time for the conditions of the dry-steppe zone, an adaptive approach to the creation of productive stands of perennial grass mixtures with the participation of new varieties and species of legumes and grasses, revealing the mechanism of plant interaction based on the developed optical structure of phytocenosis in different modes of forage use (haymaking, pasture), is proposed.
Assessment of the ecological well-being of the rivers of the Middle Urals in areas with increased technogenic load
Authors: Gutova Mariya , Flefel' Hassan , Andryushechkina Marina
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The purpose of our work was to assess the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of surface water bodies exposed to industrial enterprises and located in close proximity to agricultural land. The environmental condition of industrial regions is determined by the specifics of their development. Recently, vast territories of cities and agricultural lands have been subjected to a high degree of technogenic pollution, which is caused by excessive concentration of production and its continuous and long-term negative impact on natural complexes, which causes a sharp reduction in natural resource potential and its degradation [1, p. 200]. Methods. The article examined the ecological status of flowing water bodies in some areas of the Sverdlovsk region. Assessment of the ecological state of the rivers was assessed by physicochemical and chemical indicators, which included mineralization, hydrogen, and the concentration of salts of heavy metals. Results. During the study, we took water samples from 5 rivers flowing in areas with different technogenic loads. In the hot study, violations were identified by physico-chemical and chemical indicators. At the same time, excesses in mineralization were noted in the rivers of the Artinskiy district, indicators here ranged from 335, which refers to the average mineralization group up to 509 mg/dm3, which refers the river to the group of mineralization increased, almost all the rivers under study have a neutral reaction in terms of hydrogen value. The excess of MPC was noted in the rivers mainly cobalt, manganese, copper, nickel, lead and zinc, while the excess for various metals ranged from 1 to 32 MPC. Scientific novelty. As a result of the study, the most polluted of the rivers studied by us was determined, which is located in the zone of increased technogenic load and it is noted that the maximum concentration of pollutants falls on the Kamenskiy district.
Activity of oxidoreductase of seeds and soybean seedlings under conditions of fungal infection Septoria glycines Hemmi
Authors: Kuznecova Viktoriya , Blinova A. , Tarasova Ol'ga , Ivachenko Lyubov'
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The study is aimed at analyzing the oxidoreductase activity of seeds and seedlings of soybean infected with a fungal infection of Septoria glycines Hemmi. Research Methods. The object of the study was seeds collected from soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr) of the Lydia cultivar grown on meadow chernozem-like soil of the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Soybean in s. Garden of the Amur Region in 2019. The content of malondialdehyde was determined using thiobarbituric acid. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase was determined spectrophotometrically, and the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase was determined by the colorimetric method. Electrophoretic spectra of the studied enzymes were detected by electrophoresis on columns of a 7.5% polyacrylamide gel. Detection on a gel of zones with enzymatic activity was carried out by appropriate histochemical methods. Results. As a result of studies, it was found that on the 10th day the infection of the seedlings was 8.75 %. In this case, under the influence of Septoria glycines Hemmi, a slowdown in growth processes was observed, the level of malondialdehyde increased, which indicates an increase in oxidative processes. The length of seedlings infected with septoria was 2.7 % less compared to uninfected ones; the mass of infected seedlings decreased by 0.15 g. When soybean infection with Septoria was detected, soybean seeds and seedlings responded, expressed in a change in the specific activity of the studied enzymes and their rearrangement multiple forms. Reduction of oxidative stress in the seeds occurred due to an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, for seedlings – due to an increase in the activity of peroxidase only. Scientific novelty. It has been established that superoxide dismutase in soybean seeds has a high responsiveness to the pathogen. This is expressed in increased specific activity and significant polymorphism of the enzyme, which allows it to be used as a molecular marker for increasing soy resistance to the pathogen.
School-Based 4-H Programming: Working with Partners Effectively
Authors: Spero Vanessa
Published: July 2020

Partnerships open a world of possibilities. Partnerships provide an opportunity for multiple organizations to address community challenges while benefiting at the same time through shared resources, funding, personnel, and expertise. Desiring to partner with a school-based site is beneficial, but not always easy to implement. Being professional in your collaboration, prepared in your assessment, and intentional about your needs are ways to increase the likelihood of a successful partnership. This 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Florida 4-H Youth Development program offers tips and strategies to build healthy, mutually beneficial partnerships in your program. Written by Vanessa Spero-Swingle. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h399
Methods to Relieve Heat Stress for Florida Dairies
Authors: Toledo Izabella M. , Bucklin Ray A. , Dahl Geoffrey E. , Beede David K.
Published: July 2020

The hot and humid weather in Florida affects dairy cattle performance throughout the year, and producers who hope to achieve optimum production from their dairy cows must provide them with relief from heat and humidity. This 4-page fact sheet written by I. M. Toledo, G. E. Dahl, R. A. Bucklin, and D. K. Beeke and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering describes several cooling strategies to alleviate heat stress in dairy cattle. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae022
An Overview of Risk Management Planning
Authors: Gillen Martie , Pierre Beatrice
Published: July 2020

As risks evolve and diversify, approaches to conducting business require a targeted focus on risk management, particularly in agriculture. This new 3-page document explores risk in agriculture, the need to understand risk, formation of strategies to manage risk, and government programs that exist to help growers and producers manage risk. Written by Martie Gillen and Beatrice Pierre, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, May 2019.  http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy1482
Major Asset Classes: A Brief Glossary
Authors: Tsai Jarrett , Ruiz-Menjivar Jorge , Gillen Martie
Published: July 2020

The best time to have started investing is yesterday. Whether you are saving for retirement, to send your child to college or for a down payment on a house, it can only be in your benefit to choose and implement the proper investment plan. But before one can actually make an informed decision on which financial vehicles to select for an investment portfolio or plan, it is pivotal to know about the options available in the market, and to clearly understand the main idea and principles behind each of these investment vehicles. There are entire books written on these topics, but for the purpose of this article, we aim to provide a brief, yet comprehensive glossary of the main financial investment vehicles.
Pesticide Recordkeeping Form for Florida Applicators
Authors: Fishel Frederick M.
Published: July 2020

This 5-page document provides a form containing the required elements to include on a record of pesticide application for meeting the restricted use pesticide and Worker Protection Standard (WPS) requirements. An example application record and an explanation of the required elements is provided. This is not a required form because there are other methods to keep records if they contain the required information. Handwritten notes, electronic records, and other recordkeeping software systems are also acceptable. Written by Frederick M. Fishel and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pi280
Bats of Florida (poster)
Authors: Lauer Meghan E. , Ober Holly K.
Published: July 2020

This poster, created by Meghan E. Lauer and Holly K. Ober and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation shows photographs of the 13 species of bats that are resident to Florida. Text associated with each photo tells the common and scientific name of each species, as well as information on the types of structures in which each commonly roosts. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw457
An Unthinkable Loss
Authors: Bethell Dustin , Bezemek Eric , Book Bianca , Brady Caleb , Bruin Alison , Chandler Makenna , Delmas Caitlin , Gray Michelle , Hollingshead Analise , Hougland Daniel , Kline Ariana , Skipton Tara , Stewart Benjamin , Yarbrough Nicholas , Young Heather , Mehta Jayur
Published: July 2020

As climate change has become a global issue, it is important to assess its impacts on not only our modern day resources, but also our archaeological resources. An archaeological approach to climate change sheds light on themes of resilience, natural and cultural relationships, public outreach, social inequalities, and interdisciplinary perspectives (Hudson et al. 2012). In this paper, we organize fifteen archaeological and historical sites within the southeastern United States in a way that highlights their status regarding current climate change effects and their preservation needs. Tying these sites to these five themes, we show how consideration of southeastern archaeology can contribute to the global narrative on climate change.
A Study on the Relationship of Middle School Students’ Vocabulary Breadth Knowledge and Listening Comprehension
Authors: Yang Ting
Published: July 2020

This study took 37 junior students who were from an institution of Nanchong as research objects. In this study, SPSS was used for making quantitative analysis on the collected data, intending to explore the relationship of middle school students’ vocabulary breadth knowledge and listening comprehension. The results show: (1) The current vocabulary breadth level of middle school students accounted for 80.86% of the overall requirements, and their listening comprehension level reached 85.87% of the general requirements, both of which were in an upper level; (2) Students’ vocabulary breadth and listening comprehension level in different gender didn’t have a significant difference; (3) There was a significant positive correlation between middle school students’ vocabulary breadth and listening comprehension. This study has some guiding significance on the listening teaching of primary and secondary schools.
Perjanjian Perdagangan Asimetri Indonesia-Eropa-Inggris Pasca Brexit
Authors: Kaukab M. Elfan , Sahide Ahmad
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan bagaimana asimetri kesepakatan antara Inggris dengan Indonesia pasca Brexit. Tinjauan literatur pada kesepakatan perdagangan internasional dilakukan dengan menelusuri data kesepakatan yang tersimpan dalam basis data Kementerian Luar Negeri Indonesia dalam periode 2010-2019. Hasil memperoleh hanya ada satu kesepakatan dagang Indonesia-Inggris yaitu terkait proyek Fourth Stage Multi-stakeholder Forestry Program (4th-MFP). Pada periode yang sama, Indonesia juga ikut serta dalam kesepakatan dagang dengan Uni Eropa bernama Voluntary Partnership Agreement – Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (VPA-FLEGT). VPA-FLEGT asimetri dengan menguntungkan Uni Eropa sementara MFP asimetri dengan menguntungkan Indonesia. Setelah menganalisis kedua kesepakatan, ditemukan kecenderungan bahwa Inggris akan terus mendorong asimetri terjadi karena memiliki undang-undang lingkungan hidup yang ketat dan kebutuhan akan kayu yang besar. Asimetri akan mendorong Indonesia tetap dapat memasok Inggris dengan kayu yang berasal dari sumber-sumber legal pasca Brexit.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Keuangan Keluarga, Pembelajaran Keuangan di Perguruan Tinggi, Sikap Keuangan dan Teman Sebaya Terhadap Literasi Keuangan Mahasiswa
Authors: Darmawan Akhmad , Pratiwi Firda Ardianti
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh pendidikan keuangan keluarga, pembelajaran keuangan di perguruan tinggi, sikap keuangan dan teman sebaya terhadap literasi keuangan mahasiswa. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa aktif manajemen dan akuntansi S1, di tiga perguruan tinggi terbesar Kota Purwokerto, sampel ini berjumlah 93 mahasiswa aktif dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data penelitian bersumber dari kuesioner kepada responden dengan data ordinal dan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisa menunjukkan pendidikan keuangan keluarga berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap literasi keuangan, pembelajaran keuangan di perguruan tinggi berperngaruh positif signifikan terhadap literasi keuangan, sikap keuangan tidak berpengaruh terhadap literasi keuangan dan teman sebaya berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan terhadap literasi keuangan.
Pengaruh Kualitas Audit dan Auditor Switching Terhadap Manajemen Laba
Authors: Hadi Felita Icasia , Tifani Sherly
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of audit quality and auditor switching on earnings management with the audit fee as the intervening variable. Data in this study is secondary data derived from the annual report of listed companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. There are 117 samples and the method used for sampling is purposive sampling. The hypothesis in this study was tested using multiple regression. The result of this study showed that audit quality positively influences fee audit but not significant, auditor switching negatively influence fee audit, audit quality influence earnings management with negative direction, auditor switching positively influence earnings management but not significant, fee audit negatively influence earnings management but not significant, and there is no influence of intervening variable in the relationship between audit quality and auditor switching on earnings management.
A Sucessão Vista sob a Ótica da Transferência da Doutrina do Cooperativismo Entre e Intra as Gerações de Famílias de Cooperados
Authors: Luiza Maldaner Geórgia , Inês Kieling Rejane
Published: July 2020

Manter e transferir o espírito do Cooperativismo entre e intra gerações de famílias tem sido bastante desafiador diante de um mundo cada vez mais globalizado, onde as crenças, sentimentos e culturas estão cada vez mais diferenciados nas diferentesgerações de uma propriedade rural. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender como o espírito do Cooperativismo é transferido através das gerações que compõem uma propriedade rural e como as Cooperativas Agropecuárias são importantes neste processo, a fim de que elas também se fortaleçam diante deste cenário. A pesquisa foi realizada com um grupo de cooperados da Cooperativa Triticola Taperense Ltda. (Cotrisoja) através de entrevistas, buscando identificar sentimentos, crenças e respostas referentes ao tema. Concluiu-se que quanto mais forte for as crenças e sentimentos sobre o cooperativismo em todas as gerações de família e quanto maior for a aproximação da Cooperativa com seus cooperados, mais facilmente o espírito do Cooperativismo é transferido para as próximas gerações, o que gera um futuro promissor para as nossas Cooperativas Agropecuárias.
Uma Análise dos Direitos Humanos das Mulheres no Contexto Brasileiro
Authors: Camargo Machado de Queiroz Sielskis Jaqueline , Roberto Batista Carlos
Published: July 2020

Dentro do contexto dos direitos das mulheres, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar se os direitos das mulheres têm sido reconhecidos, no Brasil, como verdadeiros direitos humanos. A discriminação contra a mulher é um fenômeno históricoe global, identificado desde os primórdios da humanidade e nas mais diversas culturas, que atinge a mulher nas mais variadas áreas de atuação. Destaca-se que, apesar dos instrumentos normativos internacionais de proteção às mulheres, somente em1993, com a Declaração de Viena, tais direitos ganharam o status jurídico de direitos humanos. Não obstante a dispensabilidade de tal previsão, ela se justifica na necessidade de se reafirmar a igualdade entre homens e mulheres, tendo em vista as inúme -ras violações aos direitos humanos das mulheres ainda existentes e toleradas pelos Estados nacionais e pela sociedade. Diante desse cenário, objetiva-se examinar se o Estado brasileiro tem atuado positivamente quanto à promoção da equidade de gêneroe à proteção dos direitos das mulheres. A presente pesquisa é exploratória e utiliza recursos bibliográficos e o critério metodológico dedutivo para analisar o tratamento conferido, atualmente, às mulheres, em suas mais diversas nuances.
Deep learning based approach for optic disc and optic cup semantic segmentation for glaucoma analysis in retinal fundus images
Authors: Božić-Štulić Dunja , Braović Maja , Stipaničev Darko
Published: July 2020

Optic disc and optic cup are one of the most recognized retinal landmarks, and there are numerous methods for their automatic detection. Segmented optic disc and optic cup are useful in providing the contextual information about the retinal image that can aid in the detection of other retinal features, but it is also useful in the automatic detection and monitoring of glaucoma. This paper proposes a deep learning based approach for the automatic optic disc and optic cup semantic segmentation, but also the new model for possible glaucoma detection. The proposed method was trained on DRIVE and DIARETDB1 image datasets and evaluated on MESSIDOR dataset, where it achieved the average accuracy of 97.3% of optic disc and 88.1% of optic cup. Detection rate of glaucoma diesis is 96.75%
Secrets, puzzles and mysteries of macroamylasemia
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Byelyayeva N. V. , Lukashevich G. M. , Mozhyna T. L.
Published: July 2020

Physiological features of amylase synthesis and excretion are considered in the article, presence of other sources of amylase synthesis different from pancreas and salivary glands is emphasized. Definitions of hyperenzymemia and macroamylasemia (MAE) are given. MAE is a state characterized by presence of circulating complexes of normal serum amylase with protein or carbohydrates in blood. There are 3 types of MAE: first — classical (constant hyperamylasemia, decreased amylase level in urine, high blood concentration of macroamylase complexes); second — hyperamylasemia with slightly decreased amylase activity in urine, macroamylase/normal amylase ratio is less than in the first type; third — normal blood and urine amylase activity, low macroamylase/normal amylase ratio. Pathogenesis is explained by connection of blood amylase and acute phase protein in different inflammatory, infectious diseases, malabsorption. MAE clinical manifestations could be absent, sometimes abdominal pain is possible. Hyperamylasemia and reduced urine amylase activity are typical. MAE diagnostics means determination of macroamylase complexes in blood (chromatography, calculation of the clearance ratio of amylase and creatinine). The article presents clinical cases describing extra-pancreatic MAE in women with malignant ovarian lesions. The question of expediency of thorough diagnostic examination in asymptomatic MAE is raised, which may turn out to be a symptom of cancer. The lack of specific treatment for MAE is emphasized.
Risk factors and prediction score for chronic pancreatitis: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Lin Yen-Chih , Kor Chew-Teng , Su Wei-Wen , Hsu Yu-Chun
Published: July 2020

Aim

To explore the risk factors of developing chronic pancreatitis (CP) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and develop a prediction score for CP.

Methods

Using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, we obtained large, population-based data of 5971 eligible patients diagnosed with AP from 2000 to 2013. After excluding patients with obstructive pancreatitis and biliary pancreatitis and those with a follow-up period of less than 1 year, we conducted a multivariate analysis using the data of 3739 patients to identify the risk factors of CP and subsequently develop a scoring system that could predict the development of CP in patients with AP. In addition, we validated the scoring system using a validation cohort.

Results

Among the study subjects, 142 patients (12.98%) developed CP among patients with RAP. On the other hand, only 32 patients (1.21%) developed CP among patients with only one episode of AP. The multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of recurrent AP (RAP), alcoholism, smoking habit, and age of onset of < 55 years were the four important risk factors for CP. We developed a scoring system (risk score 1 and risk score 2) from the derivation cohort by classifying the patients into low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk categories based on similar magnitudes of hazard and validated the performance using another validation cohort. Using the prediction score model, the area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval (CI)) in predicting the 5-year CP incidence in risk score 1 (without the number of AP episodes) was 0.83 (0.79, 0.87), whereas the AUC (95%CI) in risk score 2 (including the number of AP episodes) was 0.84 (0.80, 0.88). This result demonstrated that the risk score 2 has somewhat better prediction performance than risk score 1. However, both of them had similar performance between the derivation and validation cohorts.

Conclusion

In the study, we identified the risk factors of CP and developed a prediction score model for CP.

Core tip In this large number, nationwide population-based cohort study, we concluded that the presence of recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP), along with alcohol consumption, age of onset, and smoking habit are 4 important risk factors of chronic pancreatitis (CP). We developed a novel prediction score model for CP with excellent discrimination and successfully validated this model in our study. Using this scoring system, a clinician can predict the outcome of a patient with AP episode easily and arrange further examination such as pancreatic functional test or endoscopic ultrasound after the acute stage for the high-risk category to diagnose CP as early as possible (incidence rate of CP about 31 per 1000 person-years in high-risk group, based on our study) since CP is an important risk factor of pancreatic cancer.
Drug-induced liver injury and liver injury during pregnancy: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Tsymmerman Ya. S. , Vologzhanina L. G.
Published: July 2020

This article is a literature review on drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The authors revealed the role of liver tissue in biotransformation of drugs, and the mechanisms of hepatocytes injury under the influence of their metabolites (direct lesion of hepatocytes structure and idiosyncratic hypersensitivity). Separation of drugs into true and facultative hepatotoxins is explained. Opinion of patients and doctors of various majors about the most hepatotoxic drugs is presented. DILI classification depending on the dominant pathogenetic mechanism is given. Nuances of clinical and laboratory diagnostics and drug treatment of DILI are revealed. Advantages of ademetionine, ursodeoxycholic acid and glucocorticoids prescription are analyzed, indications for their application are listed, and the optimal therapeutic dosages of these drugs are given. Expediency of prescribing plant hepatoprotector chophytol and myotropic spasmolytic hymecromone is considered.

Pathogenesis of liver injury during pregnancy is described, occurrence of hepatological pathology in this cohort of patients is briefly characterized, nuances of diagnostics and course of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, acute fatty liver dystrophy of pregnancy, HELLP-syndrome are considered. Peculiarities of the course of pregnancy on the background of the previous liver disease (viral hepatitis A, B, C, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, Wilson’s disease) are revealed. The most effective conservative (ademetionine, ursodeoxycholic acid) and operative techniques (early delivery) of correction of liver injury of pregnancy are listed.
Chronic pancreatitis: pancreatic cancer risk factors
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Byelyayeva N. V. , Tsys A. V. , Mozhyna T. L. , Lukashevich G. M. , Fomenko P. G.
Published: July 2020

The article discusses the known risk factors for pancreatic cancer (PC) in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), starting with the hypothesis expressed by the German pathologist Rudolph Virchow at the end of the 19th century, to modern worldviews. The difficulties of timely PC diagnosis and the short life expectancy of patients with CP who have PC are noted. According to modern concepts, the transformation of the inflammatory process in the pancreatic tissue into a neoplastic formation is caused not only by the features of the ordinary diet and well-known bad habits, but also by the effects of a number of chemical compounds, the presence of a concomitant pathology and genetic predisposition. The article shows the average period of time required for the neoplastic transformation of acinar or ductal epithelial cells in a state of chronic inflammation. The results of clinical studies and meta-analysis showing the correlation between different types of CP and the development of PC are presented. It is emphasized that the total risk of PC in patients with confirmed CP is less than 5%, which indirectly indicates a lack of sensitivity and specificity of non-invasive procedures in screening for neoplastic pancreatic lesions. The probability of developing PC in patients with hereditary pancreatitis, carriers of the mutant K-ras gene, as well as in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis is considered. Emphasis is placed on the need for further development of biological tests and biomarkers, which make it possible to differentiate CP and PC. The exclusion of known risk factors in patients with recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis, CP will reduce the risk and prevent the occurrence of PC.