bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring In-Water and Dryland Interlimb Asymmetry of Young Competitive Swimmers: Insights Across a Training Macrocycle
Authors: Costa Mário J. , Marinho Daniel A. , Reis Joana F. , Espada Mário C. , Santos Catarina C.
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to monitor the in-water and dryland interlimb asymmetry of young competitive swimmers throughout a full training macrocycle and verify possible associations with performance. Twenty-three young competitive swimmers (12.13 ± 0.74 years) were evaluated before (M1) and after (M2) a 16-week training macrocycle. The swimmers were timed at a 25 m front crawl (T25) and then evaluated in anthropometrics, mean peak (Fpeak) in-water forces and the shoulder internal rotator’s strength (IR) of dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) limbs. The symmetry index was computed for both in-water (SyIwater) and dryland (SyIland) environments followed by the rate of force transfer (RFT) estimation. While the swimmers have grown in height, arm span and hand surface area, accompanied by an improvement in T25, the other variables remained unchanged after the 16 weeks. A significant and moderate association was found between FpeakD (r = −0.47) or FpeakND (r = −0.41) and T25, as well as between the IRD (r = −0.51) or IRND (r = −0.57) and T25 in M1. In M2, the non-dominant side gained relevance mostly in FpeakND, showing a significant and high association with T25 (r = −0.68), like the FpeakD (r = −0.69) and IRD (r = −0.53). Most of the individual plots (>80%) were under 30% of SyIwater, with the faster swimmer values between 10 and 30%. It can be concluded that a 16-week training macrocycle is not enough to change the young swimmers’ in-water and dryland symmetry, but this does not seem to affect their front crawl sprint performance.
Computer-Vision-Based Product Quality Inspection and Novel Counting System
Authors: Lee Changhyun , Kim Yunsik , Kim Hunkee
Published: December 2024

In this study, we aimed to enhance the accuracy of product quality inspection and counting in the manufacturing process by integrating image processing and human body detection algorithms. We employed the SIFT algorithm combined with traditional image comparison metrics such as SSIM, PSNR, and MSE to develop a defect detection system that is robust against variations in rotation and scale. Additionally, the YOLOv8 Pose algorithm was used to detect and correct errors in product counting caused by human interference on the load cell in real time. By applying the image differencing technique, we accurately calculated the unit weight of products and determined their total count. In our experiments conducted on products weighing over 1 kg, we achieved a high accuracy of 99.268%. The integration of our algorithms with the load-cell-based counting system demonstrates reliable real-time quality inspection and automated counting in manufacturing environments.
Simulation and Assessment of Episodic Dust Storms in Eastern Saudi Arabia Using HYSPLIT Trajectory Model and Satellite Observations
Authors: Alzaid Abdulrahman Suhail , Anil Ismail , Aga Omer
Published: December 2024

The “dust belt” region extending from the western Sahara to the Gobi Desert frequently generates severe dust storms that cause hazardous air quality and disrupt daily activities. Dust storm management systems with proactive mitigation strategies can minimize the detrimental impacts of dust storms. This study applies the HYSPLIT model to simulate dust storms in Saudi Arabia, specifically targeting the eastern region. The study’s main objective is to calibrate and validate the model’s dust storm prediction module for the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. The validated HYSPLIT model, with optimized parameters such as threshold friction velocity, particle release rate, and dry deposition velocity from model calibration studies, showed a strong linear correlation between measured and predicted values. It achieved an R2 of 0.9965, indicating excellent model accuracy. The main findings of the source apportionment approach, employing air particle backward trajectories and frequency analyses, indicated that the northern regions, specifically Iraq and Syria, were the primary sources of the severe dust storms observed in the receptor area. The outcomes of this study will be a reference for future research aimed at improving dust storm management systems and selecting sites for tree-planting campaigns under the “Saudi & Middle East Green Initiatives”.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Emission and Dispersion of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) During Domestic Cooking
Authors: Jones Harriet , Kumar Ashish , O’Leary Catherine , Dillon Terry , Rolfo Stefano
Published: December 2024

As the wealth of evidence grows as to the negative impact of indoor air quality on human health, it has become increasingly urgent to investigate and characterise sources of air pollution within the home. Fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) is a key cause for concern, and cooking is known to be one of the most significant sources of domestic PM2.5. In this study, the aim was to demonstrate the efficacy of combining experimental techniques and cutting-edge High-Performance Computing (HPC) to characterise the dispersion of PM2.5 during stir-frying within a kitchen laboratory. This was carried out using both experimental measurement with low-cost sensors and high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling, in which Lagrangian Stochastic Methods were used to model particle dispersion. Experimental results showed considerable spatio-temporal variation across the kitchen, with PM2.5 mass concentrations in some regions elevated over 1000 μg m−3 above the baseline. This demonstrated both the impact that even a short-term cooking event can have on indoor air quality and the need to factor in such strong spatio-temporal variations when assessing exposure risk in such settings. The computational results were promising, with a reasonable approximation of the experimental data shown at the majority of monitoring points, and future improvements to and applications of the model are suggested.
Fine-Tuning Cathode Performance: The Influence of Argon Deposition Pressure on LiMn2O4 Thin Film Electrochemistry for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ambriz-Vargas Fabián , Garza-Hernández Raquel , Martínez-Flores José Salvador , Aguirre-Tostado Francisco Servando , Martínez-Guerra Eduardo , Quevedo-López Manuel
Published: December 2024

Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) is an effective cathode material for high-capacity lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Therefore, to optimize battery efficiency, it is essential to understand how sputtering deposition conditions affect the quality and performance of LiMn2O4. This research examines how argon deposition pressure affects the stoichiometric characteristics and electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4. The study finds that changing argon deposition pressures, from a low of 5 mTorr to a high of 30 mTorr, results in the formation of different coating stoichiometries. At low argon deposition pressures, stoichiometric LiMn2O4 cathode coatings formed, exhibiting the highest discharge capacity of 115 mAh/g. Conversely, at high argon deposition pressures, non-stoichiometric LiMn2O4 with lithium deficiency was produced. These coatings exhibited diminished electrochemical behavior, achieving a discharge capacity of only 70 mAh/g at 5 mTorr. The lack of lithium resulted in a significant reduction in electrochemical performance, indicated by a high surface charge transfer resistance (R2 = 48,529 Ω), which led to a low discharge capacity of 40 mAh/g.
Mandarin Recognition Based on Self-Attention Mechanism with Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN)-Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)
Authors: Chen Xun , Wang Chengqi , Hu Chao , Wang Qin
Published: December 2024

Speech recognition technology is an important branch in the field of artificial intelligence, aiming to transform human speech into computer-readable text information. However, speech recognition technology still faces many challenges, such as noise interference, and accent and speech rate differences. An aim of this paper is to explore a deep learning-based speech recognition method to improve the accuracy and robustness of speech recognition. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic principles of speech recognition and existing mainstream technologies, and then focuses on the deep learning-based speech recognition method. Through comparative experiments, it is found that the self-attention mechanism performs best in speech recognition tasks. In order to further improve speech recognition performance, this paper proposes a deep learning model based on the self-attention mechanism with DCNN-GRU. The model realizes the dynamic attention to an input speech by introducing the self-attention mechanism in a neural network model instead of an RNN and with a deep convolutional neural network, which improves the robustness and recognition accuracy of this model. This experiment uses 170 h of Chinese dataset AISHELL-1. Compared with the deep convolutional neural network, the deep learning model based on the self-attention mechanism with DCNN-GRU accomplishes a reduction of at least 6% in CER. Compared with a bidirectional gated recurrent neural network, the deep learning model based on the self-attention mechanism with DCNN-GRU accomplishes a reduction of 0.7% in CER. And finally, this experiment is performed on a test set analyzed the influencing factors affecting the CER. The experimental results show that this model exhibits good performance in various noise environments and accent conditions.
Population and Co-Occurrence Characteristics of Diagnoses and Comorbidities in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Case Study from a Hospital in Guangxi, China
Authors: Wang Jiaojiao , Qi Zhixuan , Liu Xiliang , Li Xin , Cao Zhidong , Zeng Daniel Dajun , Wang Hong
Published: December 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a major global health concern, significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the co-occurrence patterns of diagnoses and comorbidities in CAD patients using a network-based approach. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 195 hospitalized CAD patients from a single hospital in Guangxi, China, with data collected on age, sex, and comorbidities. Network analysis, supported by sensitivity analysis, revealed key diagnostic clusters and comorbidity hubs, with hypertension emerging as the central node in the co-occurrence network. Unstable angina and myocardial infarction were identified as central diagnoses, frequently co-occurring with metabolic conditions such as diabetes. The results also highlighted significant age- and sex-specific differences in CAD diagnoses and comorbidities. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the network structure and identified clusters, despite the limitations of sample size and data source. Modularity analysis uncovered distinct clusters, illustrating the complex interplay between cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. These findings provide valuable insights into the relationships between CAD and its comorbidities, emphasizing the importance of integrated, personalized management strategies. Future studies with larger, multi-center datasets and longitudinal designs are needed to validate these results and explore the temporal dynamics of CAD progression.
Identification of Environmental Factors Influencing the Population of Endangered Epilobium hirsutum L. in Korea
Authors: Jang Rae-Ha , Kim Sunryoung , Kim Minhan
Published: December 2024

Epilobium hirsutum has been identified as a Class II endangered species in Korea. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop habitat conservation and improvement strategies for the protection of E. hirsutum. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the environmental characteristics of E. hirsutum habitats and identify key environmental factors influencing the population size. To this end, we conducted field surveys and performed a spatial data analysis to collect data on 38 environmental characteristics associated with the population size of E. hirsutum. We performed factor and path analyses to identify the environmental factors influencing the population size and the correlations between the population size and environmental factors. The common factors identified in both analyses were the average temperature in March, available P, soil pH, and soil humidity. Therefore, to manage E. hirsutum habitats or create alternative habitats, areas with a low air temperature and high soil moisture must be selected. It is necessary to remove tall plants and amend soils with alkaline fertilizers containing P. Additionally, it may be effective to implement a management strategy that induces vegetative propagation and seed germination by replacing agricultural waterways made of concrete with those made of rock and soil.
Rational Design of an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Vaccine: Immunogenicity and Antitumor Research
Authors: Liu Yifei , Liu Zehui , Zheng Zhongliang
Published: December 2024

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in a variety of human epithelial tumors, and its aberrant activation plays a pivotal role in promoting tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The clinically approved passive EGFR-related therapies have numerous limitations. Seven EGFR-ECD epitope peptides (EG1-7) were selected through bioinformatics epitope prediction tools including NetMHCpan-4.1, NetMHCIIpan-3.2, and IEDB Consensus (v2.18 and v2.22) and fused to the translocation domain of diphtheria toxin (DTT). The A549 tumor model was successfully established in a murine mouse model. The vaccine was formulated by combining the adjuvants Alum and CpG and subsequently assessed for its immunogenicity and anti-tumor efficacy. DTT-EG (3;5;6;7) vaccines elicited specific humoral and cellular immune responses and effectively suppressed tumor growth in both prophylactic and therapeutic mouse tumor models. The selected epitopes EG3 (HGAVRFSNNPALCNV145-159), EG5 (KDSLSINATNIKHFK346-360), EG6 (VKEITGFLLIQAWPE398-412), and EG7 (LCYANTINWKKLFGT469-483) were incorporated into vaccines for active immunization, representing a promising strategy for the treatment of tumors with overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The vaccine design and fusion method employed in this study demonstrate a viable approach toward the development of cancer vaccines.
COVID-19 Exacerbates Neurovascular Uncoupling and Contributes to Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Owens Cameron D. , Pinto Camila B. , Szarvas Zsofia , Muranyi Mihaly , da C. Pinaffi-Langley Ana Clara , Peterfi Anna , Mukli Peter , Detwiler Sam , Olay Lauren , Kaposzta Zalan , Smith Kenneth , Kirkpatrick Angelia C. , Saleh Velez Faddi , Tarantini Stefano , Csiszar Anna , Ungvari Zoltan I. , Prodan Calin I. , Yabluchanskiy Andriy
Published: December 2024

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects nearly 20% of older adults worldwide, with no targetable interventions for prevention. COVID-19 adversely affects cognition, with >70% of older adults with Long COVID presenting with cognitive complaints. Neurovascular coupling (NVC), an essential mechanism of cognitive function, declines with aging and is further attenuated in neurocognitive disorders. The effect of COVID-19 on NVC responses has yet to be addressed in older adults who are vulnerable to dementia progression. Participants with MCI and a history of COVID-19 (COV+, N = 31) and MCI participants with no history of infection (COV− N = 11) participated in this cross-sectional study to determine if COVID-19 affects cerebrocortical NVC responses and vascular function. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure cerebrocortical NVC responses, and endothelial function was assessed via insonation of the brachial artery during a flow-mediated dilation protocol. NVC responses were elicited by the working memory n-back paradigm. NVC in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and endothelial function was decreased in the COV+ group compared to the COV− group. These data provide mechanistic insight into how COVID-19 may exacerbate long-term cognitive sequela seen in older adults, highlighting the urgent need for further research and clinical trials to explore novel therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving/restoring NVC.
Installation of an Indole on the BRCA1 Disordered Domain Using Triazine Chemistry
Authors: Claton Liam E. , Baker Chrissy , Martin Hayes , Dzyuba Sergei V. , Zaman Khadiza , Prokai Laszlo , Stewart Mikaela D. , Simanek Eric E.
Published: December 2024

The functionalization of protein sidechains with highly water-soluble chlorotriazines (or derivatives thereof) using nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions has been commonly employed to install various functional groups, including poly(ethylene glycol) tags or fluorogenic labels. Here, a poorly soluble dichlorotriazine with an appended indole is shown to react with a construct containing the disordered domain of BRCA1. Subsequently, this construct can undergo proteolytic cleavage to remove the SUMO-tag: the N-terminal poly(His) tag is still effective for purification. Steady-state fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry with the binding partner of BRCA1, PALB2, are used to characterize the indole-labeled BRCA1. Neither the reaction conditions nor the indole-tag appreciably alter the structure of the BRCA1. Mass spectrometry confirms that the target is modified once, although the location of modification cannot be determined by tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation due to disadvantageous fragmentation patterns.
Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide at Normal Body Temperature and in the Cold on Isolated Tail and Carotid Arteries from Rats and TRPA1 Knockout and Wild-Type Mice
Authors: Kelava Leonardo , Pakai Eszter , Ogasawara Kazushi , Fekete Kata , Pozsgai Gabor , Pinter Erika , Garami Andras
Published: December 2024

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that modulates vascular tone, causing either vasodilation or vasoconstriction depending on the vascular bed, species, and experimental conditions. The cold-sensitive transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) channel mediates H2S-induced effects; however, its contribution to the vasomotor responses of different arteries at different temperatures has remained unclear. Here, we aimed to fill this gap by comparing the effects of sodium sulfide (Na2S), which is a fast-releasing H2S donor, on the isolated carotid and tail skin arteries of rats and mice at cold and normal body temperature with wire myography. Under the same circumstances, we also aimed to compare the effects of the canonical endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilators, acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively. Methods: We isolated the carotid and tail arteries from 32 adult Wistar rats and 64 TRPA1 knockout and wild-type mice, and then we studied their vasomotor responses to increasing doses (10−6–10−3 M) of Na2S as well as to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside (10−5 M for both) at 37 °C and in cold (17 or 20 °C). Results: In rat vessels, Na2S caused constriction of the carotids and relaxation of the tail arteries, which were not influenced by temperature. In mouse carotids, Na2S caused vasorelaxation, which was more pronounced in the cold at a lower dose (10−4 M). At a higher dose (10−3 M), the dilation was markedly attenuated in the absence of the TRPA1 channel. In the mouse tail arteries, Na2S caused vasorelaxation at 37 °C and vasocontraction in the cold. The genetic blockade of TRPA1 channels did not influence the vasomotor responses of the mouse tail arteries. Sodium nitroprusside-induced vasorelaxation was not influenced by any of the investigated factors, while acetylcholine-induced dilation decreased in the cold in all vessel types. Conclusions: Our results reveal the function of TRPA1 in the H2S-induced dilation of carotid arteries in mice. We also highlight interspecies differences in the vasomotor responses between rats and mice, as well as the importance of the effect of temperature on vascular responses. The implementation of the identified variables in future research can advance our understanding of cardiovascular physiology, especially in conditions with hypothermia (either accidental or therapeutic).
Immunonutrition in Operated-on Gastric Cancer Patients: An Update
Authors: Triantafillidis John K. , Malgarinos Konstantinos
Published: December 2024

Enteral immune nutrition has attracted considerable attention over the past few years regarding its perioperative role in patients undergoing major surgery for digestive cancer. Today, the term enteral immune nutrition refers to the perioperative administration of nutritional preparations containing, among others, specific ingredients such as glutamine, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and arginine. They provide nutritional support and exert pharmacological effects through the substances contained in these preparations. Their administration to patients with gastric cancer is necessary as malnutrition and other metabolic disorders are frequent symptoms with effects on the level of immune responses, affecting the function of intestinal permeability and, therefore, the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Existing clinical data and data from all meta-analyses published so far support the view that enteral immune nutrition enhances the immune responses of gastric cancer patients, and reduces the rate of postoperative complications, and the duration of hospitalization without, however, improving patient survival. The content of enteral immune nutrition, dose, administration interval, and the effect on patient survival should be more precisely determined through relevant extensive multicenter studies. This systematic review describes and analyses the clinical results and the findings of relevant meta-analyses of the application of enteral immune nutrition in gastric cancer patients, emphasize the importance of this therapeutic intervention for disease progression, and attempts to provide practical guidelines for applying enteral immune nutrition in daily clinical practice.
Fatal Fulminant Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) Encephalitis in Immunocompetent 5.5-Year-Old Girl—A Case Report with the Review of Diagnostic and Management Dilemmas
Authors: Mierzewska-Schmidt Magdalena , Piwowarczyk Anna , Szymanska Krystyna , Ciaston Michal , Podsiadly Edyta , Przybylski Maciej , Pagowska-Klimek Izabela
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) usually causes mild, self-limiting, or asymptomatic infection in children, typically infectious mononucleosis. The severe course is more common in immunocompromised patients. Neurological complications of primary infection, reactivation of the latent infection, or immune-mediated are well-documented. However, few published cases of fatal EBV encephalitis exist. Case presentation We report a case of a 5.5-year-old immunocompetent girl with fulminant EBV encephalitis fulfilling the criteria for the recently proposed subtype Acute Fulminant Cerebral Edema: (AFCE). The child presented with fever, vomiting, altered mental status, and ataxia. Her initial brain CT (computed tomography) scan was normal. On day 2 she developed refractory status epilepticus requiring intubation, ventilation, and sedation for airway protection and seizure control. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed cytotoxic brain edema. Despite intensive treatment, including acyclovir, ceftriaxone, hyperosmotic therapy (3% NaCl), intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), corticosteroids, as well as supportive management, on day 5 she developed signs of impending herniation. Intensification of therapy (hyperventilation, deepening sedation, mannitol) was ineffective, and a CT scan demonstrated generalized brain edema with tonsillar herniation. EBV primary infection was confirmed by serology and qPCR in blood samples and post-mortem brain tissue. An autopsy was consistent with the early phase of viral encephalitis. Conclusions This case confirms that normal or non-specific CT and MRI scans do not exclude encephalitis diagnosis if clinical presentation fulfills the diagnostic criteria. The implementation of prophylactic anticonvulsants could improve outcomes. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring should be considered in AFCE for better ICP management. Decompressive craniectomy might be a life-saving option in refractory cases. An encephalitis management algorithm is proposed.
The Influence of the Degree of Dental Implant Insertion Compression on Primary Stability Measured by Resonance Frequency and Progressive Insertion Torque: In Vitro Study
Authors: Rosas-Díaz José , Guerrero Maria Eugenia , Córdova-Limaylla Nancy , Galindo-Gómez Maisely , García-Luna Marco , Cayo-Rojas César
Published: December 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the primary stability, according to the insertion torque value (ITV) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA), of dental implants placed in standardized blocks of bone quality equivalent to type II-A bone, using three surgical undersized protocols of 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.8 mm, considering different dental implant diameters and lengths. Methods: One hundred and twenty dental implants (DIs) of different diameters (3.5, 3.8, 4.5, and 5.0 mm) and lengths (8.5, 10.0, 11.5, 13.0, and 15.0 mm) placed in polyurethane blocks equivalent to type II-A bone, according to the Lekholm and Zarb classification modified by Rosas et al., were examined with three surgical protocols of under-milling of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 mm. The ITV and the RFA were the determinants of primary stability, and their respective values were recorded as Ncm and the implant stability quotient (ISQ) immediately after the placement of the DIs. These were evaluated according to each surgical insertion protocol, length, and diameter of the DI under a multivariate analysis model (MANOVA). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: It was observed that the average of the ITV was significantly higher when a 0.8 mm under-milling protocol was used (63.2 ± 14.9 Ncm) (p < 0.001). However, the ITV was significantly lower when a 0.2 mm under-milling protocol was used (25.1 ± 8.3 Ncm) (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the ISQ did not present significant differences (p = 0.166) when comparing the 0.2 (67.6 ISQ ± 5.4 ISQ), 0.5 (65.8 ISQ ± 3.4 ISQ), and 0.8 (65.7 ISQ ± 4.0 ISQ) under-milling protocols in the evaluation of the primary stability of the dental implant. The multivariate effect size (ηp2 = 0.639) indicated that the variability detected in the insertion torque and the ISQ, at the same time, was explained by 63.9% (p < 0.001) due only to the compression protocol, while the implant diameter explained this variability by 27.0% (ηp2 = 0.270) (p < 0.001) and the implant length only significantly explained this variability by 12.1% (ηp2 = 0.121) (p = 0.030). Finally, any interaction between the compression protocol, implant diameter, and length did not influence insertion torque variability or the ISQ (p > 0.05). Conclusions: It can be concluded that when the surgical protocol for subpreparation is optimal according to the prepared bone bed, regardless of the diameter or length of the dental implant used, primary stability was assured according to the ITV and the RFA in 63.9%. This finding allows us to recommend carrying out a correct analysis of bone quality in order to subsequently select the most appropriate surgical protocol for the subpreparation of the bone bed to achieve better primary stability of the dental implant.
Sclerostin and Cardiovascular Risk: Evaluating the Cardiovascular Safety of Romosozumab in Osteoporosis Treatment
Authors: Chiu Shi-Hsun , Wu Wen-Tien , Yao Ting-Kuo , Peng Cheng-Huan , Yeh Kuang-Ting
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms, raising concerns about the cardiovascular implications of sclerostin inhibition. Romosozumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets sclerostin, is effective in increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and reducing fracture risk. However, evidence suggests that sclerostin inhibition may adversely affect vascular calcification, potentially increasing the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Methods: This review synthesizes data from clinical trials, such as ARCH, BRIDGE, and FRAME, alongside genetic studies and observational analyses, to evaluate the cardiovascular safety of romosozumab. PubMed was searched for relevant studies published within the last five years. Studies addressing the relationship between romosozumab and cardiovascular outcomes were included, emphasizing both its efficacy in osteoporosis management and potential cardiovascular risks. Results: Romosozumab significantly improves BMD and reduces fracture risk in postmenopausal women and men with osteoporosis. However, clinical trials report an increased incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), particularly in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, or prior CVD. Genetic studies indicate that SOST gene variants may also influence cardiovascular outcomes. Conclusions: While romosozumab is an effective treatment for osteoporosis, careful cardiovascular risk assessment is crucial before initiating therapy, especially for high-risk populations. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate chronic safety. Future therapeutic strategies should aim to maintain bone health while minimizing cardiovascular risks, ensuring a balance between efficacy and safety in osteoporosis treatment.
D-Serine May Ameliorate Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity Impairment Induced by Patients’ Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antibodies in Mice
Authors: Luo Hanyu , Yang Xiaoyue , Yang Jiaxin , Han Ziyao , Huang Dishu , Gui Jianxiong , Ding Ran , Chen Hengsheng , Cheng Li , Ma Jiannan , Jiang Li
Published: December 2024

Objective: To establish a mouse model of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and assess the potential therapeutic benefits of D-serine supplementation in mitigating synaptic plasticity impairments induced by anti-NMDAR antibodies. Methods: Anti-NMDAR antibodies were purified from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and verified using a cell-based assay. CSF from patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases served as the control. These antibodies were then injected intraventricularly into C57BL/6 mice. Forty-eight hours following the injection, mice were administered either D-serine (500 mg/kg) or sterile saline intraperitoneally for three consecutive days. Subsequent analyses included Western blotting, immunofluorescence, electrophysiological studies, and a series of behavioral tests to assess pathological changes caused by anti-NMDAR antibodies. Results: Mice injected with anti-NMDAR antibodies exhibited a significant reduction in hippocampal long-term potentiation compared to controls, which was notably ameliorated by D-serine treatment. Additionally, these mice displayed decreased levels of hippocampal membrane NMDAR1 protein and postsynaptic NMDAR1 density. However, D-serine administration did not significantly alter these conditions. Notably, no significant behavioral differences were observed between mice injected with anti-NMDAR antibodies and controls in open fields, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition, or Morris water maze tests. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that exogenous D-serine can improve hippocampal plasticity impairments caused by anti-NMDAR antibodies but does not reverse the decreased expression of NMDAR. Furthermore, a single intraventricular injection of patients’ antibodies was insufficient to induce anti-NMDAR encephalitis-related behaviors in mice.
Effect of High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Technology in the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Long Cheng-Yu , Lin Kun-Ling , Yeh Jian-Lin , Feng Chien-Wei , Loo Zi-Xi
Published: December 2024

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM) technology in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Materials and Methods: 20 women with SUI were delivered a treatment course with HIFEM technology. Patients attended 6 therapies scheduled twice a week. Validated questionnaires were assessed, including the overactive bladder symptoms score (OABSS), urogenital distress inventory-6 (UDI-6), incontinence impact questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7), international consultation on incontinence questionnaire (ICIQ), and valued living questionnaire (VLQ). Some urodynamic parameters, such as maximum flow rate (Qmax), residual urine (RU), and bladder volume at first sensation to void (Vfst). Bladder neck mobility in ultrasound topography was also collected pre- and post-treatment at 1- and 6-month follow-up visits. Results: HIFEM treatment significantly improved SUI symptoms on pad tests from 4.2 ± 5.5 to 0.6 ± 1.3 and patients’ self-assessment in the 6-month follow-up. Additionally, the data from urinary-related questionnaires, including OABSS (5.3 ± 3.9 to 3.9 ± 3.6), UDI-6 (35.7 ± 22.3 to 15.2 ± 10.6), IIQ-7 (33.1 ± 28.7 to 14.3 ± 17.2), and ICIQ (9.4 ± 5.0 to 5.4 ± 3.6), all showed a significant reduction. Then, the analysis of the urodynamic study revealed that only maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) (46.4 ± 25.2 to 58.1 ± 21.2) and urethral closure angle (UCA) (705.3 ± 302.3 to 990.0 ± 439.6) significantly increased after the six sessions of HIFEM treatment. The urethral and vaginal topography were performed and found that HIFEM mainly worked on pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and enhanced their function and integrity. Conclusions: The results suggest that HIFEM technology is an efficacious therapy for the treatment of SUI.
Discordance Between Triglycerides, Remnant Cholesterol and Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Jeffrey , Kockx Maaike , Pennings Gabrielle J. , Lambert Tim , Chow Vincent , Kritharides Leonard
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Hypertriglyceridaemia and systemic inflammation are prevalent in patients with schizophrenia and contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Although elevated triglycerides (TGs) and remnant cholesterol are linked to inflammation in the general population and individuals with metabolic syndrome, whether they are associated in patients with schizophrenia remains unclear. Methods: Fasting levels of TG, cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and remnant cholesterol)), and markers of systemic inflammation including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), leukocyte counts and their differentials (neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes) were determined in 147 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia on long-term antipsychotic regimens and compared with 56 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Apolipoprotein B and glycosylation of acute phase reactant (GlycA) signatures were assessed by NMR. Circulating cytokine levels were measured by a cytokine/chemokine multiplex assay. Results: Patients with schizophrenia had markedly elevated TG and remnant cholesterol relative to controls and had evidence of systemic inflammation with increased circulating hsCRP, GlycA, leukocyte, neutrophil counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Unexpectedly TG and remnant cholesterol did not correlate with systemic inflammatory markers in patients with schizophrenia, and differences in inflammatory markers between controls and patients persisted after adjusting for the lipid profile. Interleukin (IL)-10 levels were increased in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting an anti-inflammatory signature. Conclusions: The discordance between TG, remnant cholesterol and systemic inflammation in patients with schizophrenia suggests these are likely independent contributors to cardiovascular risk in this population.
Sex and Gender Differences in Iron Chelation
Authors: Allegra Sarah , Comità Stefano , Roetto Antonella , De Francia Silvia
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: In the absence of physiological mechanisms to excrete excessive iron, the administration of iron chelation therapy is necessary. Age and hormones have an impact on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the medications used to treat iron excess, resulting in notable sex- and gender-related variances. Methods: Here, we aimed to review the literature on sex and gender in iron overload assessment and treatment. Results: The development of iron chelators has shown to be a successful therapy for lowering the body’s iron levels and averting the tissue damage and organ failure that follows. Numerous studies have described how individual factors can impact chelation treatment, potentially impact therapeutic response, and/or result in inadequate chelation or elevated toxicity; however, most of these data have not considered male and female patients as different groups, and particularly, the effect of hormonal variations in women have never been considered. Conclusions: An effective iron chelation treatment should take into account sex and gender differences.
Apocynin, a Selective NADPH Oxidase (Nox2) Inhibitor, Ameliorates Behavioural and Learning Deficits in the Fragile X Syndrome Mouse Model
Authors: de Diego-Otero Yolanda , El Bekay Rajaa , García-Guirado Francisco , Sánchez-Salido Lourdes , Giráldez-Pérez Rosa María
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is associated with intellectual disability, hyperactivity, social anxiety and signs of autism. Hyperactivation of NADPH oxidase has been previously described in the brain of the male Fmr1-KO mouse. This work aims to demonstrate the efficacy of Apocynin, a specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor, in treating Fragile X mouse hallmarks. Methods: Free radicals, lipid and protein oxidation markers and behavioural and learning paradigms were measured after chronic treatment with orally administered vehicle, 10 mg/kg/day or 30 mg/kg/day of Apocynin. Results: The results revealed a reduction in testis weight, an increase in peritoneal fat, and no variation in body weight after chronic treatment. Furthermore, a reduction in hyperactivity was detected in Apocynin-treated male Fmr1-KO mice. Additionally, the higher dose of 30 mg/kg/day also improves behaviour and learning in the male Fmr1-KO mice, normalising free radical production and oxidative parameters. Moreover, a reduction in phospho-EKR1 and P47-Phox protein signals was observed in specific brain areas. Conclusions: Thus, chronic treatment with Apocynin could lead to a new therapeutic option for the Fragile X Syndrome.
Uncovering the Diagnostic Power of Radiomic Feature Significance in Automated Lung Cancer Detection: An Integrative Analysis of Texture, Shape, and Intensity Contributions
Authors: Raptis Sotiris , Ilioudis Christos , Theodorou Kiki
Published: December 2024

Background: Lung cancer still maintains the leading position among causes of death in the world; the process of early detection surely contributes to changes in the survival of patients. Standard diagnostic methods are grossly insensitive, especially in the early stages. In this paper, radiomic features are discussed that can assure improved diagnostic accuracy through automated lung cancer detection by considering the important feature categories, such as texture, shape, and intensity, originating from the CT DICOM images. Methods: We developed and compared the performance of two machine learning models—DenseNet-201 CNN and XGBoost—trained on radiomic features with the ability to identify malignant tumors from benign ones. Feature importance was analyzed using SHAP and techniques of permutation importance that enhance both the global and case-specific interpretability of the models. Results: A few features that reflect tumor heterogeneity and morphology include GLCM Entropy, shape compactness, and surface-area-to-volume ratio. These performed excellently in diagnosis, with DenseNet-201 producing an accuracy of 92.4% and XGBoost at 89.7%. The analysis of feature interpretability ascertains its potential in early detection and boosting diagnostic confidence. Conclusions: The current work identifies the most important radiomic features and quantifies their diagnostic significance through a properly conducted feature selection process reflecting stability analysis. This provides the blueprint for feature-driven model interpretability in clinical applications. Radiomics features have great value in the automated diagnosis of lung cancer, especially when combined with machine learning models. This might improve early detection and open personalized diagnostic strategies for precision oncology.
Neural Network-Based Shape Analysis and Control of Continuum Objects
Authors: Dai Yuqiao , Zhang Shilin , Cheng Wei , Li Peng
Published: December 2024

Soft robots are gaining increasing attention in current robotics research due to their continuum structure. However, accurately recognizing and reproducing the shape of such continuum robots remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that combines contour extraction with camera reconstruction to obtain shape features. Neural networks are employed to model the relationship between motor inputs and the resulting shape output. A simulation environment is established to verify the shape estimation and shape control of the flexible continuum. The outcomes demonstrate that this approach effectively predicts and reproduces the shape of flexible continuum robots, providing a promising solution for continuum shape control.
Modelling Potential Candidates for Targeted Auger Therapy
Authors: Buchanan Conor M. J. , Aboagye Eric O. , Evitts Lee J. , Rushton Michael J. D. , Smith Tim A. D.
Published: December 2024

Targeted Auger emitters are being considered as a cancer treatment owing to the high linear energy transfer of Auger electrons. When targeted to cancers, this allows for a highly efficient treatment with a low risk of damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The purpose of this study was to determine the most DNA-damaging Auger emitters from a range of radionuclides, some of which are clinically utilised. A Monte Carlo method-based software (Geant4-DNA version 10.7) was used to determine the energy deposition and number of DNA double-strand breaks from Auger (and internal conversion) electrons imposed on a tetranucleosome. The Auger emitters, 119Sb and 103Pd, have similar or slightly greater damaging properties compared to 123I, 111In, and 89Zr. 193mPt demonstrated the greatest therapeutic potency. Whilst 125I was highly damaging, its relatively long half-life (60 days) makes it less desirable for clinical use. Geant4-DNA modelling identified the radionuclide 193mPt as being highly favourable for use in radiotherapy.
Comparative Study of the Development of Executive Functions in Children: Transition from the First Cycle to the Second Cycle of Early Childhood Education
Authors: Bausela Herreras Esperanza
Published: December 2024

Antecedents: Executive functions (EFs) are the basis for establishing a goal and working towards that goal by coordinating thoughts and actions. EFs are fundamental to several aspects of daily life, specifically for academic performance. Aim: To analyse and compare the development of EFs in the transition period between the first and second cycles of early childhood education. Methodology: Non-experimental methodology, ex post facto design, descriptive, cross-sectional evolution study. Participants: Preschoolers of different educational levels (first and second cycle of infant education). In this study, the participants were evaluated by different informants: 54.42% by parents and 45.58% by teachers. In relation to gender, 52.65% were male and 47.35% were female. In relation to age, 37.54% had a range of 2–3 years and 62.46% had a range of 4–5 years. Measurement: The instrumental development of EFs was evaluated using BRIEF-P by key informants. Results: Preschoolers in the first cycle showed significantly higher scores than preschoolers in the second cycle in BRIEP-P. Conclusions: The development of EFs is key in these first key moments, having a special impact on later development and academic performance. It is necessary to work on EFs from the first cycle of early childhood education, considering the evolutionary development of EFs.
Impact of Petty Tyranny on Employee Turnover Intentions: The Mediating Roles of Toxic Workplace Environment and Emotional Exhaustion in Academia
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Hashmi Zarqa Farooq , Asghar Muhammad Zaheer , Rehman Attiq Ur , Järvenoja Hanna
Published: December 2024

Based on social exchange theory, social psychology theories, and despotic leadership theory, this study explored the impact of petty tyranny on employee turnover intentions. Specifically, the authors examined the mediating effect of toxic workplace environments through emotional exhaustion on this relationship among academicians. The authors surveyed 421 employees using a five-point Likert scale across six universities in Lahore, Pakistan and employed a time-lag research design. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) analyses, including performance comparisons of various algorithms, were used to test the relationships among the variables. The analysis results of the study suggested that petty tyranny does not significantly and directly contribute to employee turnover intentions; however, this relationship is positively and significantly mediated by toxic workplace environments and emotional exhaustion. The results indicated that toxic workplace environments and emotional exhaustion also have a direct effect on employee turnover intentions. A serial full mediation was found between petty tyranny and turnover intentions, mediated through a toxic workplace environment and emotional exhaustion. Similarly, results from the performance comparison of various algorithms reveal trade-offs between precision, recall, and processing time, with ZeroR and Stacking REP Tree emerging as the most effective in terms of overall model accuracy. This study contributes to the literature by examining petty tyranny, workplace environment, and emotional exhaustion, highlighting the need to address tyrannical behavior to improve employee retention in academic organizations. Our study offers valuable practical implications, emphasizing addressing these issues to reduce turnover in academic organizations. Our study also provides recommendations for future research directions.
Accurate Dynamic Analysis Method of Cable-Damper System Based on Dynamic Stiffness Method
Authors: Jiao Hui , Xu Bin , Jiang Zhengkai , Cui Can , Yang Haoxiang
Published: December 2024

To suppress large vibrations of the cable in cable-stayed bridges, it is common to install transverse dampers near the end of the cable. This paper focuses on the cable-damper system; based on the dynamic stiffness method, an accurate dynamic analysis method considering cable parameters, damper parameters, and cable forces is proposed. First, a mechanical analysis model is established which is closer to the cable with a transverse damper installed in the bridge. The model considers the cable bending stiffness, sag, inclination angle, cable force, damper stiffness, damping coefficient, and damper installation height. Then, the characteristic frequency equation of the cable-damper system is established, and a solution method that combines the initial value method and Newton–Raphson method is proposed. This method is confirmed to provide more accurate frequency analysis for the cable-damper system. Finally, using this method, the effect of the damper parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the system is investigated.