bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Utterly Dark Spot”: Suprematistic Pangeometry and Seeing the Invisible
Authors:   Institute of Russian Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yeon Lee Ji , Gryakalova Nataliya Ju. ,   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskiy Dom), Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

The article examines the religious and philosophical components of K. Male­vich’s Suprematist paintings and the origin of their revolutionariness in the wide context of theoretical works: N. Lobachevsky’s “pangeometry”, El Lissitsky’s axonometry, P. Ouspensky’s fourth dimension, P. Florensky’s reverse perspec­tive, Z. Freud’s attraction to death, J. Lacan’s the symbolic and the real, the ab­solute presence of God through invisibility in the religious philosophy of J.-L. Marion. The author traces the stages of conceptualization of K. Malevich’s Suprematism: from the sketch of stage sets in opera «Victory over the Sun» (1913), where the predecessor of “Black square” (1915) first appeared, to the Suprematist abstract paintings with three-dimensional axonometric views of geo­metric figures and, finally, to their complete destruction. The phenomenon of to­tal invisibility, being a method of negative theology, becomes a condition for the birth of the Suprematist icons “Black square” and “White on white” (1917‒1918), which should be taken not as a regression to the two-dimensionality of paintings, but as an absolute form of the axonometric projection, the invisibility as a total seeing. The complete negation of geometric forms – a dead end, «an ut­terly dark spot» – can be understood as a space for transition toward the sacred transcendental Being, the presence of an absolute artistic form, which is en­dowed with the highest sacred meaning. The revolutionariness of Suprematism in this sense does not lie in its utopian contents. On the contrary, it is present in the “zero degree of forms” that denies even itself and in the contemplation per se on this emptiness as fullness.
Phenomenological Hermeneutics Looking Forwards to Its Cognitive Synthesis
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnova Natalia M.
Published: January 2021

Some basic mainstreams of phenomenological hermeneutics’ further develop­ment in XX century’s philosophy, such as hermeneutics of the life-world (“late” E. Husserl’s and phenomenological sociology’s project), existential-phenomeno­logical hermeneutics as subjective ontology (M. Heidegger’s project) and “syn­thetic” post-structural hermeneutics of P. Ricœur have been presented in this pa­per. Phenomenological ideas of “early” E. Husserl presented in his “Logical Investigations” as well as transcendental-phenomenological project’s evolution into “Phenomenology of the Life-World” in the “late” Husserl’s works have also been examined in this paper. Ideal foundations of cognitive hermeneutics’ trans­formation into M. Heidegger’s subjective ontology Dasein project have been explicitly shown in the paper proposed. Philosophical preconditions of general­ization (and partly re-interpretation) some previous phenomenological herme­neutics’ achievements and constituting “synthetic” post-structural hermeneutics as interdisciplinary synthesis of phenomenology, post-structural linguistics and psychoanalysis have clearly been demonstrated. It has also been displayed to what extent some achievements of “synthetic” hermeneutics have been pro­ceeded in contemporary Russian humanitarians’ works.
The Polemics with Jainism on Ātman in “Tattvasaṃgraha” of Śāntarakṣita with the Commentary “Pañjikā” of Kamalaśīla
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Titlin Lev I.
Published: January 2021

The subject of the study is the polemics between the philosophical school of Jainism (the Digam­bara current) and Buddhism on ātman (spiritual subject, self) as it is given in the chapter “The Study of the Ātman, as it is set with the Digambars” of the section “Ātmaparīkshā” (lit. “The Study of the Ātman”) of “Tattvasaṃgraha” of Śāntarakṣita (8th century) with the commentary “Pañjikā” of his direct disciple Kamalaśīla (8th century). The article provides brief information about the authors of the text, on Jainism, its philosophical statements. The article is accompanied by the first transla­tion of the chapter from Sanskrit into Russian. The study is based on author’s own translation from Sanskrit, based on the publication of S.D. Shastri, as well as the only available translation of the text into English by G. Jha. The main conclusion is the assumption that the Buddhists in the text in ques­tion are trying to proceed from generally accepted logic, from the law of non-contradiction, while the Jains, obviously, are guided by other philosophical logic in which such a law does not apply.
S.L. Frank in Saratov 1917‒1921
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tsygankov Alexander S.
Published: January 2021

The proposed review examines the book of A.A. Gaponenkov “Philosopher in the Province. S.L. Frank and his entourage during the years of the revolution and the Civil War in Saratov. From the annals of the events of 1917‒1921” published in late 2019 by the Saratov State University. A distinctive feature of the publication is the “annalistic” format for presenting the materials. The squalls of the philosopher’s and his family’s life in Saratov and the German Volga colonies are recreated on the pages using various sources providing the “the word” to these times. Such sources include archival materials, memoirs, correspondence, diary entries and legislative acts. The study combines successfully several genres: a historical chronicle of the events of the revolution and the Civil War in the province, a monograph on the history of the emergence of humanities in the regions, a biography of Frank and his family 1917‒1921, as well as local history research. This allows us to recommend the work of A.A. Gaponenkov to everyone, who is interested in the biography and work of S.L. Frank, as well as those, who are studying the formation and development of domestic humanitarian knowledge in the regions.
Religious Philosophy as an Experience of Knowledge of God: Sergei Bulgakov and Semyon Frank on the Relationship between Philosophy and Religion
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Ilin Ivan Yu.
Published: January 2021

This article attempts to analyze the historical and philosophical views of S.N. Bulgakov and S.L. Frank about the meaning of religion, the nature of philosophy, and the essence of philoso­phical knowledge in the structure of religious experience. The article considers the correlation of religious and philosophical ideas of two thinkers and their positioning relative to each other. The article formulates the problem of the relationship and mutual influence of religious faith and philosophical reason in the legacy of Bulgakov and Frank, and raises the question of what role these outstanding authors of the Silver age assign to religious philosophy in the spiritual life of a Christian. The question of the place of conceptual thinking in the experience of understanding the Absolute is being clarified. The thesis about the role and significance of religious philosophy as a necessary beginning of discursive comprehension of the truths of faith (Bulgakov) and a holis­tic understanding of being (Frank) is being put forward.
Seneca’s Intentionalism and the Possibility of Social Morality in the Context of Stoic Ethics
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Seregin Andrei V.
Published: January 2021

Stoic ethical theory is “rigorist” in the sense that it regards all kinds of generally recognized non-moral goods and evils as “indifferents” that do not influence human happiness or misery. One of the problems with rigorism goes as follows: if non-moral evils experienced by the victims of various inhumane actions actually do them no harm and do not contribute to their being unhappy, then why regard the infliction of these evils as morally wrong? Seneca seems to be the only Stoic author in whose texts one can find some reaction to this problem. His reply is essentially intention­alist: in order to commit a moral evil towards others it is enough to have an intention to inflict an evil upon them without inflicting it in fact. But this thesis can be understood either in an objec­tivist or in a subjectivist sense. In the first case the intention in question is the intention to inflict what objectively is an evil. I argue that this implication would make Seneca’s argument blatantly false. In the second case it is the intention to inflict what the agent subjectively believes to be an evil. I show that there is some evidence in Seneca’s corpus according to which it is precisely subjectivist intentionalism that he adheres to. But even then he cannot solve the initial problem, because this position allows to justify the idea that the infliction of non-moral evils on others is morally wrong only for those agents who do not share rigorism.
The Notion of “Openness” in the Analytic System of Martin Heidegger’s Dasein: on the Question of Interpretation
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Ishchenko Natalia I.
Published: January 2021

A competent acquaintance with Martin Heidegger’s major works, such as “Being and Time”, is impossible without understanding the primeval methodological foundations of this German thinker, – or, in other words, without comprehending the principal connection between his existen­tial analysis and the destruction of the European metaphysical knowledge. The inevitable connec­tion of ontic and ontological levels of philosophical research reveals a hardly definable concept of Dasein, while the notion of “openness”, we are interested in, serves as a meaningful specification of Dasein. In this paper, the notion of “openness” is analyzed in two aspects: from the point of a new understanding of the traditional metaphysical problems (the problems of being and entity, in particular) and from the point of a completely new substantiation of these problems (which eventually determines the Heidegger’s existential analysis as a fundamentally-ontological). Thus, the notion of “openness” is understood in the context of the problem of Being (not only Dasein). The phenomenon of openness itself is analyzed as a primordial phenomenon. The existential, “un­derstanding”, is ontologically examined in relation with the phenomenon of openness. Observing Heideggerian existential-ontological analysis of this phenomenon (primarily, in the aspect of “tran­scendence” and “truth”) this paper defines Dasein as a way of existence of Being as such.
Problematical Character of Sense. From M. Weber to A. Schutz. Part II. Experience and Daily Life
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Molchanov Victor I.
Published: January 2021

The second part of the article discusses the criticism at M. Weber’s methodology by A. Schutz and the philosophical premises of the phenomenological sociology of Schutz. A distinction between the meaningfulness of actions and the meaningfulness of experiences is considered as a distinction between the initial problems of Weber and Schutz. Along with the well-known influence on Schutz of Husserl’s phenomenology, the influence of Heidegger and W. James on him is revealed. The concept of everyday life in Schutz as a homogeneous field of highest reality and the primary experience of “fundamental anxiety” is subjected to critical analysis. The possibility of using the word “sense” (Sinn) or “meaning” as a philosophical and sociological term is called into question.
Conservative Anarchism. French Critics of the “Anthropological Mistake”
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Rutkevich Alexey M.
Published: January 2021

G. Orwell once called himself “anarchist tory”, the collocation “anthropological mistake” belongs to British theologian J. Milbank, characterizing so liberal thought. These expressions are used today by two French philosophers, Jean-Claude Michea and Alain de Benoist. Though they came from oppos­ing political camps, both are ready to define themselves “populists” and “conservative anarchists”. Their common enemy is contemporary liberalism. This article is a description of this polemics, espe­cially with liberal anthropology. Their difference with many critics of political or economic liberal­ism lies in their belief that liberalism is a totality, and the core of all the aspects of this doctrine (economy, law, politics) is represented by the vision of man in liberal philosophy, which have a long history. This genealogy of liberalism, proposed by French thinkers, is the main theme of the article.
V.S. Bibler on the Logic of Culture
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dlugatsch Tamara B.
Published: January 2021

Based on a deep knowledge of the history of philosophy, based on an analysis of the difficulties of modern theoretical thinking, comprehending the concept of M. Bakhtin, V. Bibler comes to the con­clusion that the foundation of any theoretical, including philosophical, system should always be contradictory. This means including in it the foundations of past and future concepts. It also means that logic should be the logic of dialogue and that the development of philosophical reasoning does not go to infinity, but is accomplished as an interconnection of different philosophical attitudes. The development of new logical ideas V. Bibler gave direction to further philosophical research.
Avaliação da geração de gases de efeito estufa em diferentes tratamentos de resíduos domiciliares
Authors: Luiz Bruno , Aurélio Suski Cassio
Published: January 2021

Uma eficiente gestão dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) permite ao município responsável reduzir a quantidade de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE) emitidos para a atmosfera, especialmente no que diz respeito às tecnologias de tratamento a serem adotadas para a destinação final. Por meio da ferramenta de Análise de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) é possível fazer o levantamento não apenas do impacto gerado pela decomposição dos resíduos, mas fazer um balanço de toda cadeia do processo, desde a extração das matérias primas, produção, transporte, e reaproveitamento pós consumo. Neste estudo foram propostos cenários que contemplam configurações distintas de tratamento, utilizando as alternativas de compostagem, biodigestores anaeróbios, reciclagem, incineração com geração de energia e disposição em aterro sanitário. Os resíduos foram categorizados e modelados em software baseado em ACV aplicado à RSU, permitindo a comparação da emissão entre os cenários propostos, nos quais foram incluídas alternativas tecnológicas de valorização de RSU, quantificando assim a redução de GEE. Os resultados obtidos permitem visualizar quais alternativas tecnológicas são potencialmente mais adequadas para a gestão de RSU visando a redução de emissão de GEE resultante do manejo dos RSU.
Estudo das trajetórias de ciclones extratropicais formados na região da Península Antártica durante a primavera
Authors: Gandra Mariana , Francisco Leal de Quadro Mário
Published: January 2021

O oceano é cada vez mais visto como um componente vital do sistema climático. Através da superfície oceânica ocorrem trocas com a atmosfera de grandes quantidades de calor, água, gases, partículas. Os ciclones extratropicais (CE) atuam na transferência de momentum devido ao atrito do vento nas camadas superficiais do oceano, além de distribuírem calor e umidade das baixas para as altas latitudes. Esses sistemas têm  um papel primordial na interação oceano-atmosfera e no clima da América do Sul. No Hemisfério Sul, a área entre o sul do Brasil e a Península Antártica (PA) (30° S a 70° S) é descrita como uma das mais favoráveis para a formação de ciclones devido à existência de fortes contrastes de temperatura entre o oceano e a camada de ar em superfície e também instabilidades baroclínicas pré existentes. Este estudo está associado ao Projeto ATMOS (AnTarctic Modeling Observation System) e buscou compreender a interação entre ciclones e oceano na região entre as altas e médias latitudes austrais. O objetivo foi rastrear as trajetórias dos CE que se formam ao redor da PA nos meses de primavera, a fim de estudar as propriedades estatísticas e verificar possíveis influências em latitudes mais baixas. O algoritmo encontrou algumas trajetórias anômalas e pouca correlação da vorticidade com as variáveis oceânicas. Tal fato pode ser indicativo da necessidade de usar técnicas estatísticas não-lineares.
Reflux Esophagitis and Fatigue: Are They Related?
Authors: Kang Sung-Goo , Hwang Hyun jee , Kim Youngwoo , Lee Junseak , Oh Jung Hwan , Kim Jinsu , Lim Chul-Hyun , Youn Seung Bae , Jung Sung Hoon
Published: January 2021

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic, recurrent disease. Reflux esophagitis can interfere with sleep via acid reflux, which could cause daytime sleepiness or fatigue. However, little is known about the association between reflux esophagitis and fatigueObjectives: We evaluated the association between fatigue and reflux esophagitis in subjects seen at health check-ups.Methods: Consecutive patients who were scheduled for screening endoscopy were enrolled prospectively at the Comprehensive Medical Examination Center of St. Vincent Hospital and Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, Korea. Three validated questionnaires were used to assess fatigue, daytime hypersomnolence, anxiety, and depression: the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-Korean version (MFI-K), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Results: We investigated 497 consecutive eligible subjects. The reflux esophagitis and symptomatic GERD groups comprised 103 (20.7%) and 92 (18.5%) subjects, respectively. The MFI-K total, ESS, HADS-anxiety, and HADS-depression scores did not differ between the esophagitis and non-esophagitis groups (50.0±11.5 vs. 49.7±10.9, P=0.661; 6.2±2.8 vs. 6.1±3.1, P=0.987; 5.8±3.1 vs. 5.2±3.2, P=0.060; 6.2±3.6 vs. 6.0±3.3, P=0.561). However, the MFI-K total, ESS, HADS-anxiety, and HADS-depression scores were higher in the symptomatic group than in the non-symptomatic group (54.7±12.7 vs. 48.6±10.3, P<0.001; 7.1±3.5 vs. 5.9±2.9, P=0.002; 6.4±3.3 vs. 5.1±3.1, P<0.001; 7.5±4.0 vs. 5.7±3.1, P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that MFI-K total was correlated with GERD symptoms (P=0.021), women (P=0.001), anxiety (P<0.001) and depression (P<0.001). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association in which reflux esophagitis could cause daytime sleepiness, fatigue, anxiety, or depression. However, fatigue was associated with GERD symptoms, women, anxiety and depression. Further studies should clarify the association between fatigue and reflux esophagitis.
Prior context influences motor brain areas in an auditory oddball task and prefrontal cortex multitasking modelling
Authors: Mugruza-Vassallo Carlos A. , Potter Douglas D. , Tsiora Stamatina , Macfarlane Jennifer , Maxwell Adele
Published: January 2021

In this study, the relationship of orienting of attention, motor control and the Stimulus- (SDN) and Goal-Driven Networks (GDN) was explored through an innovative method for fMRI analysis considering all voxels in four experimental conditions: standard target (Goal; G), novel (N), neutral (Z) and noisy target (NG). First, average reaction times (RTs) for each condition were calculated. In the second level analysis, ‘distracted’ participants, as indicated by slower RTs, evoked brain activations and differences in both hemispheres’ neural networks for selective attention, while the participants, as a whole, demonstrated mainly left cortical and subcortical activations. A context analysis was run in the behaviourally distracted participant group contrasting the trials immediately prior to the G trials, namely one of the Z, N or NG conditions, i.e. Z.G, N.G, NG.G. Results showed different prefrontal activations dependent on prior context in the auditory modality, recruiting between 1 to 10 prefrontal areas. The higher the motor response and influence of the previous novel stimulus, the more prefrontal areas were engaged, which extends the findings of hierarchical studies of prefrontal control of attention and better explains how auditory processing interferes with movement. Also, the current study addressed how subcortical loops and models of previous motor response affected the signal processing of the novel stimulus, when this was presented laterally or simultaneously with the target. This multitasking model could enhance our understanding on how an auditory stimulus is affecting motor responses in a way that is self-induced, by taking into account prior context, as demonstrated in the standard condition and as supported by Pulvinar activations complementing visual findings. Moreover, current BCI works address some multimodal stimulus-driven systems.
The Sequence of Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs: Pathways to and Predictors of Tocilizumab Monotherapy
Authors: Solomon Daniel , Xu Chang , Collins Jamie , Kim Seoyoung C. , Losina Elena , Yau Vincent , Johansson Fredrik D.
Published: January 2021

Background: There are numerous non-biologic and biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Typical sequences of bDMARDs are not clear. Future treatment policies and trials should be informed by quantitative estimates of current treatment practice. Methods: We used data from Corrona, a large real-world RA registry, to develop a method for quantifying sequential patterns in treatment with bDMARDs. As a proof of concept, we study patients who eventually use tocilizumab monotherapy (TCZm), an IL-6 antagonist with similar benefits used as monotherapy or in combination. Patients starting a bDMARD were included and were followed using a discrete-state Markov model, observing changes in treatments every six-months and determining whether they used TCZm. A supervised machine learning algorithm was then employed to determine longitudinal patient factors associated with TCZm use.Results: 7,300 patients starting a bDMARD were followed for up to 5 years. Their median age was 58 years, 78% were female, median disease duration was 5 years, and 57% were seropositive. During follow-up, 287 (3.9%) reported use of TCZm with median time until use of 25.6 (11.5, 56.0) months. 82% of TCZm use began within three years of starting any bDMARD. 93% of TCZm users switched from TCZ combination, a TNF inhibitor, or another bDMARD. Very few patients are given TCZm as their first DMARD (0.6%). Variables associated with use of TCZm included: prior use of TCZ combination therapy, older age, longer disease duration, seronegative, higher disease activity, and no prior use of a TNF inhibitor.Conclusions: Improved understanding of treatment sequences in RA may help personalize care. These methods may help optimize treatment decisions using large-scale real-world data.
Production and profitability of yacon grown in different spatial arrangements
Authors: Carvalho Arnaldo Henrique de Oliveira , Oliveira Fábio Luiz de , Lima Wallace Luís de , Graça Ariany Teixeira da , Pedrosa Joab Luhan Ferreira , Parajara Magno do Carmo
Published: January 2021

The interest in yacon has generated a demand for information that may enhance the production system. Among them are the studies on the different spatial arrangements of planting spacing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the production and yield of yacon cultivated in different arrangements, varying the spaces between the lines and the plants. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, being the parcels composed by three spacing between lines (0.80, 1.0 and 1.20 meters) and the subplots by three spacing between plants within the lines (0.40, 0.50 and 0.60 meters), distributed in 9 treatments with four replications. At harvest time, evaluations on the accumulation of dry mass in the plant and tuber root production data (number, weight, total productivity, and per class) were made. Profitability indicators were estimated (Gross Income, Operational Profit and Benefit-Cost ratio). The arrangements of 0.80 x 0.40 m and 1.00 x 0.50 m produced higher tuberous roots yield (37.5 and 39.8 t ha-1, respectively), but the arrangement 1.00 x 0. 50 m had a higher profit (US$ 13,854.91) and a better benefit-cost ratio (4.9), which is the most indicted.
Development of cabbage cultivar ‘60 days’ seedlings on substrates formulated from babassu stem biomass
Authors: Pontes Samuel Ferreira , Almeida Edmilson Igor Bernardo , Matos Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva , Costa Selma Maria Dias de Moraes , Araújo Rafaela Bezerra de , Matos Sâmia dos Santos , Sousa Washington da Silva , Cordeiro Kleber Veras , Santos Janaiane Ferreira dos , Silva Taciella Fernandes , Barbosa Ronny Sobreira , Oliveira Paula Sara Texeira de
Published: January 2021

Cabbage is a vegetable of considerable socioeconomic importance and is the fifth most widely cultivated vegetable in Brazil. In recent years, raising seedlings using locally available substrates has become a more viable alternative for small and medium-size rural producers. In this regard, we sought in this study to evaluate the development of seedlings of the cabbage cultivar ‘60 days’ on substrates formulated from babassu stem biomass. Research was carried out in a greenhouse covered with a shade screen providing 50% light interception. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments, four repetitions, and eight plants per replicate. The treatments consisted of the following substrates formulated using different proportions of babassu stem biomass (BSB) and sand: S1 - 100% sand; S2 - 20% BSB + 80% sand; S3 - 40% BSB + 60% sand; S4 - 60% BSB +40% sand; S5 - 80% BSB + 20% sand; and S6 - 100% BSB. The development of cabbage seedlings was evaluated at 30 days after sowing, with data being submitted to variance analysis followed by Duncan’s test to identify significant treatment effects at the 5% probability level. We accordingly found that the use of an alternative substrate, formulated based on babassu stem biomass, had beneficial effects with respect to promoting cabbage seedling growth. On the basis of the findings of this study, we recommend the use of a substrate comprising 60% babassu stem biomass and 40% sand for the vigorous growth of ‘60 days’ cabbage seedlings.
Gas exchange and putrescine content as drought stress indicators in corn cultivars fertilized with silicon
Authors: Bianchini Hudson Carvalho , Marques Douglas Jose
Published: January 2021

The effects of drought stress on maize have been extensively reported in tropical and subtropical areas, including morphological changes in plants and reductions in the grain yield. The development of sustainable alternatives that help mitigate the negative impacts of water stress is indispensable for the development of agricultural crops. This study evaluates the effect of silicon fertilization in two irrigation blades, on gas exchange, putrescine content, quantification of Ca, K, Zn, and Fe by neutron activation and grain yield in two maize cultivars, tolerant and sensitive to drought stress. Two experiments were conducted, the first using BR-1010 (sensitive to drought stress) and the second using DKB-390 (tolerant to drought stress), in 19 dm-3 pots with one plant in each pot. The experiment was organized in randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme, combining two irrigation blades (30 percent and 100 percent of necessary water replacement) and two silicon conditions per pots: control (-Si), and 27g Si (+Si) using calcium silicate (10.5 percent Si) with four replicates. The contents of putrescine, Ca, K, Zn, and Fe, as well as transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic contents were quantified. Maize yield was measured at the end of the study. It was concluded that supplementation with Si contributes to a 12 percent increase in yield for BR-1010 (drought sensitive) and 14 percent for DKB-390 (drought tolerant). Si increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance in DKB-390. The content of putrescine increased in plants submitted to drought stress and can be considered as an indicator of drought stress. The leaf contents of Ca, K, Zn, and Fe varied according to the cultivars and water blade studied.
Influence of bifurcation on thinning, productivity and harvester production costs of Pinus taeda L.
Authors: Diniz Carlos Cézar Cavassin , Junior Romano Timofeiczyk , Robert Renato Gonçalves , Lopes Eduardo da Silva , Silva João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da , Oliveira Felipe Martins de , Oliveira Gustavo Silva
Published: January 2021

In this work, we present that how bifurcation in Pinus trees can influence productivity and harvester production costs. Our example draws from one harvesting machine that works in thinning operations in forest plantations of Pinus taeda L. in a small Brazilian forestry company. To get daily productivity, we use the machine’s system, which provides such daily information as total production. We also used a time and motion study to obtain the meantime to cut, delimb, and process the tree stem into logs. In this way, we separated the normal trees from the forked trees to get the operating cycle time of the machine and get the productivity to the two types of trees. The continuous timing method was used for this purpose. The results show an increase of up to 22.9% in the operational cycle time for cutting forked trees, resulting in reduction of productivity of 5.58 m³ for each hour worked. The production cost increased by 23.3% on operation of forked trees, as the machine took more time to perform the partial activities of the operational cycle. This study can help many companies and contractors to calculate the appropriate productivity and production harvest cost according to the type of tree stems from the plantation forest.
Stress-resilient maize for climate-vulnerable ecologies in the Asian tropics
Authors: Zaidi P.H. , Nguyen Thanh , Ha Dang N. , Thaitad Suriphat , Ahmed Salahuddin , Arshad Muhammad , Koirala Keshav B. , Rijal Tirtha R. , Kuchanur Prakash H. , Patil Ayyanagouda M. , Mandal Shyam S. , Kumar Ramesh , Singh S.B. , Kumar Bhupender , Shahi J.P. , Patel M.B. , Gumma Murali K. , Pandey Kamal , Chaurasia Ramesh , Haque Azizul , Seetharam K. , Das Reshmi R. , Vinayan M.T. , Rashid Zerka , Nair S.K. , Vivek B.S.
Published: January 2021

Most parts of the Asian tropics are hotspots of climate change effects and associated weather variabilities. One of the major challenges with climate change is the uncertainty and inter-annual variability in weather conditions as crops are frequently exposed to different weather extremes within the same season. Therefore, agricultural research must strive to develop new crop varieties with inbuilt resilience towards variable weather conditions rather than merely tolerance to individual stresses in a specific situation and/or at a specific crop stage. C4 crops are known for their wider adaptation to range of climatic conditions. However, recent climatic trends and associated variabilities seem to be challenging the threshold limit of wider adaptability of even C4 crops like maize. In collaboration with national programs and private sector partners in the region, CIMMYT-Asia maize program initiated research for development (R4D) projects largely focusing on saving achievable yields across range of variable environments by incorporating reasonable levels of tolerance/resistance to major abiotic and biotic stresses without compromising on grain yields under optimal growing conditions. By integrating novel breeding tools like - genomics, double haploid (DH) technology, precision phenotyping and reducing genotype × environment interaction effects, a new generation of maize germplasm with multiple stress tolerance that can grow well across variable weather conditions were developed. The new maize germplasm were targeted for stress-prone environments where maize is invariability exposed to a range of sub-optimal growing conditions, such as drought, heat, waterlogging and various virulent diseases. The overarching goal of the stress-resilient maize program has been to achieve yield potential with a downside risk reduction.
Development and validation of chromatographic methods to quantify organic compounds in green coffee (Coffea arabica) beans
Authors: Santiago Wilder Douglas , Teixeira Alexandre Rezende , Santiago Juliana de Andrade , Lopes Ana Cláudia Alencar , Brandão Rafaela Magalhães , Caetano Alex Rodrigues , Cardoso Maria das Graças , Resende Mario Lúcio Vilela
Published: January 2021

Coffee is one of the oldest and most consumed beverages. The raw material for obtaining a good quality coffee drink is the grain. Bioactive compounds and organic acids in coffee beans are reflections of a series of attributes that, together, confer to the coffee peculiar flavor and aroma. This study aimed to identify trigonelline, chlorogenic acid, caffeine and organic acids in green coffee beans, and to validate the chromatographic method using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Coffea arabica green coffee beans were used in this experiment. Trigonelline, chlorogenic acid, caffeine, and organic acids were identified and quantified by HPLC. Selectivity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, and accuracy were used to validate the methods. Three bioactive compounds (trigonelline, chlorogenic acid, and caffeine) and seven organic acids (oxalic, citric, malic, quinic, succinic, lactic, and acetic acids) were quantified in the samples. The mean values for trigonelline, chlorogenic acid (5-ACQ), and caffeine ranged from 1.28 to 1.66, 3.47 to 4.73 and 1.26 to 1.59 g 100g-1, respectively. The values of organic acids, as well as the phenolic compounds, agree with those reported by the literature for green coffee beans of C. arabica. The validation parameters allowed the method to be considered linear, exact, and precise. Therefore, it resulted in a method reliable for studies of the composition of food matrix or quality control of green coffee beans.
Genetic progress in maize from advanced cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection through REML/BLUP
Authors: Júnior José Arantes Ferreira , Gonçalves Gabriel Moreno Bernardo , Crevelari Jocarla Ambrosim , Vettorazzi Julio Cesar Fiorio , Gonçalves Vivane Mirian Lanhellas , Durães Nayara Norrene Lacerda , Viana Alexandre Pio , Pereira Messias Gonzaga
Published: January 2021

Breeding methods such as reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) is very important alternative to breeders. This strategy, besides allowing continuous genetic progress, helps maintaining the genetic variability of populations. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters, as well as to predict selection gains in advanced cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection of maize progenies through mixed models. Two selection cycles were considered. We evaluated 196 and 169 progenies in the 15 and 16 cycles, respectively. The yield potential of the progenies was evaluated from the following characteristics: grain yield, number of ears, weight of ears and weight of 100 seeds. The estimate of variance components and the prediction of genetic values were based on the REML/BLUP method. Overall, the genetic parameters were increased in the 16th cycle estimates compared to the previous cycle. It is worth highlighting that heritability coefficient for the grain yield was (0.81) in the 16th cycle, since it resulted in 21% of selection gain. Results showed that, even after sixteen recurrent selection cycles, the populations under selection have high potential for satisfactory genetic gains.
Biomass growth and development in air-cured burley and flue-cured virginia tobacco varieties
Authors: Boaretto Luis Felipe , Coelho Fabricio Silva , Baptistella João Leonardo Corte , Mazzafera Paulo
Published: January 2021

Research on the accumulation and partitioning of biomass in the tobacco cycle is scarce, particularly those comparing different varieties. The objective of this work was to study the partition of biomass in air-cured burley - ACB (BAT2101) and flue-cured virginia - FCV (CSC4704) varieties. In a greenhouse experiment, the two varieties were transplanted into pots containing a mixture of fine sand and substrate (1:1). Samples were taken for a period of 98 days, with 7 day intervals. In each harvest, dry mass and leaf area were measured, and specific leaf mass, leaf area ratio, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, and root to shoot ratios were estimated. The data showed that carbon partitioning in plants of both varieties is influenced by root growth, which was 50% higher in ACB by the end of the experiment. The higher accumulation of mass in the roots of this variety may be related to the fact that it requires more nitrogen than virginia and, therefore, it could be a mechanism for increased uptake of this element. ACB also had higher specific leaf mass than FCV, which may be related to the body of ACB. This information is important for choosing varieties adapted for field conditions, as well as for the genetic improvement of tobacco. Furthermore, from the point of view of crop management, this knowledge may provide useful information for maximizing leaf growth.
Fuzzy logic simulation of oat yield after using hydrogel and nitrogen biopolymer management
Authors: Scremin Osmar Bruneslau , Silva José Antonio Gonzalez da , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Mamann Ângela Teresinha Woschinski De , Alessi Odenis , Pansera Vanessa , Lautenchleger Francine , Carbonera Roberto , Norbert Leonardo , Basso Natiane Carolina Ferrari
Published: January 2021

The fuzzy logic is an efficient tool for simulation and validation of new technologies in agriculture. The objective of the study is to adapt the fuzzy logic model for simulation of biomass and oat grain yield by nitrogen involving the nonlinearity of the maximum air temperature in the conditions of use of the biopolymer hydrogel, considering high succession systems and low release of residual N. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2015, in a randomized block design with four replicates in a 5 x 5 factorial. Five hydrogel doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) were added in the groove next to the seed; and 5 doses of N-fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) applied at the fourth expanded leaf stage, respectively. The cultivar was URS Corona. The pertinence functions and the linguistic values established in the input and output variables to simulate the biomass yield and oat grains in the succession systems are adequate observed productivity. The fuzzy model makes it possible to estimate the biomass and oat grains productivity efficiently under the conditions of use of the hydrogel as a function of the nitrogen doses and maximum air temperature, adding to the existing models of simulation.
Post-emergence nicosulfuron application enhanced leaf-stem ratio in maize-intercropped with Urochloa species after shading and sunlight re-exposure
Authors: Souza Lucas F. N. , Oliveira Silas M. , Almeida Rodrigo E. M. , Junior Clovis P. , Baptistella João L. C. , Favarin José L.
Published: January 2021

Low rates of nicosulfuron used in post-emergence provide an advantage to maize during the coexistence of the crops, when maize is intercropped with Urochloa grasses. Nonetheless, the effect of this practice on the morphology of these grasses is not known, neither how it affects forage growth after the coexistence period nor when the grass is re-exposed to full sunlight. The aim of this study was to determine biomass and leaf-stem ratio of Urochloa hybrid cv. Mulatto II (CIAT 36087), Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) and Urochloa ruziziensis (Germ. & Evrard) after the development in a shade simulated environment promoted by maize in intercrop systems. The treatments consisted of three brachiaria species with two herbicides managements. Evaluations occurred at 0, 30 and 60 days after the sunlight re-exposure (DASR). Nicosulfuron application and Urochloa species did not affect biomass yield. However, herbicide increased leaf-stem ratio of the species between 25% at 0 DARS to 62% at 30 DARS on old tillers (tillers that grew under shade). The biomass yield, as well the leaf-stem ratio of the new tillers was not affected. Among the species, the greater ratio of leaves in the plant biomass was recorded for Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) and Urochloa hybrid cv. Mulatto II (CIAT 36087). Nicosulfuron use in post-emergence enhanced the leaf-stem ratio of Urochloa grasses after sunlight re-exposure and a reliable alternative to improve forage quality in intercrop systems.
Growth analysis of tomato for industrial processing as a function of nitrogen doses
Authors: Costa Leonardo Correia , Filho Arthur Bernardes Cecílio , Ribas Rodolfo Gustavo Teixeira , Dutra Alexson Filgueiras , Rocha Antonio Márcio Souza , Barbosa José Carlos
Published: January 2021

Nitrogen (N) is considered to be the nutrient that most affects plant growth. Understanding this mechanism helps in crop management and planning. This study analyzes the growth of tomato plants (Heinz 9553) for industrial purposes as a function of N doses (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1). The experiment was carried out from April to August 2015, in Barretos, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, in plots subdivided in time, with three replicates. Growth assays were performed at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 96, 112 and 126 days after transplanting (DAT). Fertilization with 180 kg ha-1 N provided greater leaf area, leaf dry mass, shoot dry mass (leaves + stems), fruit dry mass, total dry mass, leaf area index, leaf area ratio and leaf mass ratio at the end of the cycle. The lowest relative growth rate and specific leaf area were verified with 180 kg ha-1. For all N doses, the absolute growth rate was small up to 56 DAT and, subsequently, N doses promoted distinct increases in the index.
O Campo História da Educação a partir da análise da Revista de História e Historiografia da Educação (2017-2020) – UFPR
Authors: Brandão Hilma Aparecida , Almeida Daniela Gomes de , Nunes Hélida Cristina Brandão , Souza Sauloeber Tarsio de
Published: January 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo compreender o processo de criação/estruturação da Revista de História e Historiografia da Educação (RHHE), suas principais temáticas e recortes espaço-temporais veiculados em seus artigos, perfis dos editores e outros dados quantitativos e qualitativos, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e bibliométrica. O trabalho foi sustentado teoricamente por autores, como Mueller (2000), Barros (2004), Bittar (2019), entre outros. A RHHE surgiu em 2017 na UFPR e tem se constituído como mais um espaço para reflexão em torno do campo da História da Educação, em âmbito nacional e internacional. A revista se inseriu num contexto entre outros cinco periódicos especializados neste campo científico e, entre eles, é o que procura consolidação não sendo ainda qualificado no Quali/Capes, gerando falta de regularidade no fluxo de artigos publicados no ano de 2020, o que sugere também, o enfrentamento de problemáticas decorrentes do contexto pandêmico.
Kitap incelemesi:Eralp, Osman Nuri. (2020). Başka Dünyalarda Canlı Mahlukat Var Mıdır? İstanbul: Karakarga Yayınları.
Authors: Gürova Ercan
Published: January 2021

Bir veteriner ve bakteriyolog olan Osman Nuri Eralp tarafından kaleme alınıp 1918 yılında basılan Başka Dünyalarda Canlı Mahlûkat Var mıdır? adlı eser, ilk basımından 101 yıl sonra, 2019 yılında ilk defa Latin harfleriyle tekrar günümüz okuyucusu ile buluşma fırsatı bulabildi. Eralp’in bu kısa eserini üç bölüme ayırmak mümkündür. “Dünyada ve Gezegenlerde Hayat Meselesi” adını taşıyan ilk bölüm kitabın ana konusu olan başka dünyalarda canlı olup olmadığı sorusuna bilimsel cevaplar vermeye çalışır. Eserin ikinci bölümünde yazar gezegenleri (Merkür, Venüs, Mars, Jüpiter, Satürn-Uranüs-Neptün) ele almakta, bu gezegenlerin dünyaya olan uzaklığı, çapı, yoğunluğu, hacmi, kütlesi, yerçekimi bilgisi gibi dönemin bilimsel verilerini sunarken öte yandan gezegenlerdeki yaşama dair hayal ürünü tasvirlere, yaratıklara, dev bitki ve hayvanlara yer verir. Eserin son bölümü “Dünya ve Bu Dünyalarda Hayatın Sonu” başlığını taşımakta ve daha önce bahsi geçen gezegenler ve Güneş ile ilgili özet yapıldıktan sonra fütüristik yorumlara yer verilmektedir. Eser ne kurmaca bir yapıya ne de Osmanlı Fenni Roman geleneğinde ilk olma özelliğine sahiptir. Dolayısıyla, eser bir “hayali gezegenler kılavuzu” olmaktan öteye gidemez. Buna rağmen, dünya-dışı varlıklar, üstün teknoloji, ileri medeniyet fikri, gelecek tasavvuru gibi konulara temas etmesi ve zamanının bilimsel anlayışını yansıtması bakımından hiç şüphe yok ki kayda değer bir metindir.
Exploring the Anti-Neuroinflammatory Potential of Steroid and Terpenoid-Derived Phytochemicals to Combat Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Kabir Md. Tanvir , Uddin Md. Sahab , Zaman Sonia , Rahman Md. Sohanur , Behl Tapan , Ahmad Ausaf , Hafeez Abdul , Perveen Asma , Ashraf Ghulam Md.
Published: January 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder that significantly
affects cognitive functions in a way that causes loss of memory, thinking, and behavior. Multiple studies revealed
that neuroinflammation associated with AD is linked with the amyloid-beta deposition in the brain. Elevated
levels of expression of cytokines, microglial activation, nuclear factor kappa B, and reactive oxygen species play
roles in AD-related inflammatory processes. Indeed, effective therapeutic approaches are urgently required to
develop therapeutic agents to prevent and treat AD. So far, many anti-AD drug candidates have failed in the clinical
stages and currently available drugs only provide symptomatic treatment. In recent times, pharmacologically
active phytochemicals have been found to possess promising anti-neuroinflammatory effects; therefore, these
natural products can be useful in AD treatment. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the role of
neuroinflammation and the molecular processes altered by multiple steroid and terpenoid-derived phytochemicals
in various AD-related neuroinflammatory pathways. Indeed, steroid and terpenoid-derived phytochemicals show
important therapeutic activities, which can be useful in ameliorating and treating AD-related neurodegeneration.
Use of Natural Compounds as a Potential Therapeutic Agent Against COVID-19
Authors: Wahab Shadma , Ahmad Irfan , Irfan Safia , Baig Mohammad H. , Farouk Abd-ElAziem , Dong Jae-June
Published: January 2021

The current 2019-nCoV outbreak is becoming extremely harmful and has affected the whole world.
Its control is challenging because there is no effective vaccine or drug available for coronavirus disease. The
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously named as 2019 novel coronavirus
(2019-nCoV), primarily targets the human respiratory system to lung lesions and lethal pneumonia. Natural
products have always shown a crucial role in the process of drug development against various diseases.
They may serve as leads for further drug development to combat emergent mutants of the coronavirus. In this
review, the current status of natural compounds and their derivatives acting against different species of CoV are
discussed.