bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accounting for Biological Assets and the Cost of Debt
Authors: Daly Abbie , Skaife Hollis A.
Published: November 2015

Firms engaged in agriculture generate revenue from biological assets that manifest in the cultivation of bearer fruits and nuts, the tilling of crops, and the production of livestock and forestry. We investigate whether firms' cost of debt is associated with the measurement method they use to account for their biological assets. We find that the cost of debt is higher for firms using the fair value method of accounting for their biological assets relative to firms using historical cost. However, the positive association between the cost of debt and fair value is driven by firms that transform bearer plants, i.e., living plants that ultimately bear produce for more than one year. We also document that fair value combined with auditor attested IFRS use results in a lower cost of debt for firms transforming other types of biological assets. Our cross-country study focuses on a class of assets previously unexplored, and contributes to the literature that examines the consequences of fair value accounting for financial statement users.

JEL Classifications: G39; H25; M41.
Primitive Spindle Cell Neoplasm of Ileum with Extensive Heterotopic Cartilage, Presenting as Acute Abdomen in a 6-Day-Old Neonate
Authors: Nael Ali , Wu William W. , Shane Lisa , Rao Nagesh , Zwerdling Theodore
Published: November 2015

Neonatal intestinal masses with spindle cell morphology have broad differential diagnoses and require a multidisciplinary approach to make the final diagnosis. Spindle cell masses with heterotopic cartilage in the gastrointestinal tract are very rare, and, to our knowledge, have not previously been reported in the neonate. Here we present a case of intestinal primitive spindle cell neoplasm with extensive heterotopic cartilage that manifested initially as acute abdomen in a 6-day-old term infant. Plain radiography demonstrated pneumoperitoneum, prompting diagnostic laparotomy that identified a perforated mass involving the midileum. Histologic and immunohistochemical examination demonstrated an infiltrative spindle cell tumor most compatible with infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS) by a process of exclusion, with nodules of mature heterotopic cartilage. Additional staging studies did not reveal any evidence of residual or metastatic disease. Recognition of this rare variant of IFS will aid in differentiation from other neonatal intestinal mesenchymal tumors.
Modeling, Simulation, Hardware Implementation of a Novel Variable Pitch Control for H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Liu Liqun , Liu Chunxia , Zheng Xuyang
Published: November 2015

It is well known that the fixed pitch vertical axis wind turbine (FP-VAWT) has some disadvantages such as the low start-up torque and inefficient output efficiency. In this paper, the variable pitch vertical axis wind turbine (VP-VAWT) is analyzed to improve the output characteristics of FP-VAWT by discussing the force of the six blade H type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) under the stationary and rotating conditions using built the H-type VAWT model. First, the force of single blade at variable pitch and fixed pitch is analyzed, respectively. Then, the resultant force of six blades at different pitch is gained. Finally, a variable pitch control method based on a six blade H type VP-VAWT is proposed, moreover, the technical analysis and simulation results validate that the variable pitch method can improve the start-up torque of VAWT, and increase the utilization efficiency of wind energy, and reduce the blade oscillation, as comparable with that of FP-VAWT.
Fabrication and Characterization of N-Type Zinc Oxide/P-Type Boron Doped Diamond Heterojunction
Authors: Marton Marián , Mikolášek Miroslav , Bruncko Jaroslav , Novotný Ivan , Ižák Tibor , Vojs Marian , Kozak Halyna , Varga Marián , Artemenko Anna , Kromka Alexander
Published: November 2015

Diamond and ZnO are very promising wide-bandgap materials for electronic, photovoltaic and sensor applications because of their excellent electrical, optical, physical and electrochemical properties and biocompatibility. In this contribution we show that the combination of these two materials opens up the potential for fabrication of bipolar heterojunctions. Semiconducting boron doped diamond (BDD) thin films were grown on Si and UV grade silica glass substrates by HFCVD method with various boron concentration in the gas mixture. Doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al, ZnO:Ge) thin layers were deposited by diode sputtering and pulsed lased deposition as the second semiconducting layer on the diamond films. The amount of dopants within the films was varied to obtain optimal semiconducting properties to form a bipolar p-n junction. Finally, different ZnO/BDD heterostructures were prepared and analyzed. Raman spectroscopy, SEM, Hall constant and I-V measurements were used to investigate the quality, structural and electrical properties of deposited heterostructures, respectively. I-V measurements of ZnO/BDD diodes show a rectifying ratio of 55 at ±4 V. We found that only very low dopant concentrations for both semiconducting materials enabled us to fabricate a functional p-n junction. Obtained results are promising for fabrication of optically transparent ZnO/BDD bipolar heterojunction.
Electrically Elicited Muscle Torque: Comparison Between 2500-Hz Burst-Modulated Alternating Current and Monophasic Pulsed Current
Authors: Scott Wayne , Adams Cheryl , Cyr Shantelle , Hanscom Brianna , Hill Kevin , Lawson Jeffrey , Ziegenbein Colin
Published: November 2015

Study Design

Single-blind, block-randomization crossover design.

Objective

To compare the knee extensor muscle torque production elicited with 2500-Hz burst-modulated alternating current (BMAC) and with a monophasic pulsed current (MPC) at the maximum tolerated stimulation intensity.

Background

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is often used for strengthening the quadriceps following knee surgery. Strength gains are dependent on muscle torque production, which is primarily limited by discomfort. Burst-modulated alternating current stimulation is a clinically popular waveform for NMES. Prior research has established that MPC with a relatively long pulse duration is effective for high muscle torque production.

Methods

Participants in this study were 20 adults with no history of knee injury. A crossover design was used to randomize the order in which each participant's dominant or nondominant lower extremity received NMES and the waveform (MPC or BMAC) this limb received. Stimulation intensity was incrementally increased until participants reached their maximum tolerance. The torque produced was converted to a percentage of each participant's maximum volitional isometric contraction of the respective limb.

Results

A general linear model for a 2-treatment, 2-period crossover design was utilized to analyze the results. The mean ± SD electrically induced percent maximum volitional isometric contraction at maximal participant tolerance was 49.5% ± 19.6% for MPC and 29.8% ± 12.4% for BMAC. This difference was statistically significant (P = .002) after ccounting for treatment order and limb, which had no effect on torque production.

Conclusion

Neuromuscular stimulation using MPC may be more efficacious than using BMAC to achieve a high torque output in patients with quadriceps weakness. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(12):1035–1041. Epub 10 Nov 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5861
Validity and Reliability of the Dutch Version of the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12NL) in Patients With Disorders of the Hip
Authors: Stevens Martin , van den Akker-Scheek Inge , ten Have Bas , Adema Marco , Giezen Hilde , Reininga Inge H.F.
Published: November 2015

Study Design

Clinical measurement.

Objectives

To translate and culturally adapt the international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) into Dutch and to determine its validity and reliability.

Background

The iHOT-12 for measuring health-related quality of life and physical functioning in younger, active patients with hip pathology is available in English and Swedish. The tool is scored on a 0-to-100-point scale, with higher scores reflecting better function. A Dutch version of the questionnaire, with demonstrated high validity and reliability, is needed for both clinical and research purposes.

Methods

The iHOT-12 was translated and culturally adapted from English into Dutch (iHOT-12NL). Subsequently, the iHOT-12NL, RAND 36-Item Health Survey, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), and Tegner activity scale were completed by 117 patients with hip pathologies. Structural validity was analyzed using exploratory principal-component factor analysis. To determine construct validity, 12 hypotheses were predefined regarding relationships between the iHOT-12NL and subscales of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and Tegner activity scale. To determine test-retest reliability, 61 patients completed the iHOT-12NL on a second occasion within a 2-week period. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbach alpha, standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated to assess reliability. Bland-Altman analysis was conducted to assess bias between test and retest.

Results

Factor analysis revealed that the iHOT-12NL has 1 component. Construct validity was good, as 83% of the hypotheses were confirmed. Internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach alpha of .96. The ICC was 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.88, 0.96), demonstrating good test-retest reliability. The SEM was 7.3 points. Individual- and group-level MDC values were 20.2 and 2.6 points, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis showed an absence of bias.

Conclusion

The iHOT-12NL is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring physical functioning and health-related quality of life in younger, physically active patients with hip pathology. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(12):1026–1034. Epub 10 Nov 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6178
The Effect of Knee Braces on Quadriceps Strength and Inhibition in Subjects With Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis
Authors: Callaghan Michael J. , Parkes Matthew J. , Felson David T.
Published: November 2015

Study Design

Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Background

The use of external supports has been questioned because they may lead to weakness in the surrounding muscles. To our knowledge, there is no investigation into the effect of knee supports or braces on quadriceps muscle strength and quadriceps inhibition in individuals with patellofemoral joint (PFJ) osteoarthritis (OA).

Objectives

To investigate the effects of a flexible knee support on quadriceps maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and arthrogenous muscle inhibition (AMI) in patients with PFJ OA.

Methods

The study included 108 participants who had at least 3 months of patellofemoral pain and a Kellgren-Lawrence score of 2 or 3 for PFJ OA. The participants were randomized to a group that wore a flexible knee support (brace) or a group that did not wear a support (no brace) in a 6-week randomized controlled trial, followed by an open-label trial, in which all participants wore the brace for a total of 12 weeks. Quadriceps MVC, measured isometrically, and quadriceps AMI, measured by twitch interpolation, were assessed at the 6-week and 12-week time points.

Results

After 6 weeks, MVC did not differ between the brace and no-brace groups (9.09 Nm; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −4.89, 23.07; P = .20). Arthrogenous muscle inhibition significantly decreased in the brace group (−8.62%; 95% CI: −13.90%, −3.33%; P = .002). After 12 weeks, in all of the participants who wore a flexible knee support, MVC increased by 7.98 Nm (95% CI: 2.52, 13.45; P = .004) and AMI decreased (−8.42%; 95% CI: −11.48%, −5.36%; P<.001). Although statistically significant, these results have doubtful clinical significance.

Conclusion

A patellofemoral flexible knee support in participants with PFJ OA does not have an adverse effect on quadriceps MVC or AMI. Using a knee support should not be discouraged because of concerns about deleterious effects on quadriceps strength and inhibition.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(1):19–25. Epub 10 Nov 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.5093
Orthopaedic Physical Therapy: Update to the Description of Specialty Practice
Authors: Johanson Marie A. , Miller Michael B. , Coe Jean Bryan , Campo Marc
Published: November 2015

Study Design

Descriptive, cross-sectional observational study.

Background

In the physical therapist profession, the outcomes of specialty practice analyses are used to determine content areas for specialty board examinations and for American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)-accredited residency curricula. To maintain currency for specialty practices, the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS) requires any approved specialty area to revalidate its Description of Specialty Practice (DSP) a minimum of every 10 years.

Objectives

The purpose of this article was to describe the most recent practice analysis process and to report revisions to the DSP for orthopaedic physical therapists.

Methods

A survey instrument was developed by a group of subject matter experts, following guidelines established by the ABPTS. The survey was sent electronically to a random sample of 800 orthopaedic certified specialists (OCSs). The survey contained 5 sections: (1) knowledge areas (eg, human anatomy and physiology); (2) professional roles, responsibilities, and values (eg, consultation); (3) patient/client management model (eg, examination); (4) percentage of body regions treated; and (5) demographic information.

Results

A total of 224 completed surveys and 43 partially completed surveys were submitted, for a response rate of 33.4%. Based on a priori decision rules regarding survey data, consensus of the group of subject matter experts, and ABPTS suggestions, the DSP for orthopaedic physical therapy was revised.

Conclusion

The revised DSP will be used to reconstruct the blueprint for future OCS examinations, APTA-accredited orthopaedic residency program curricula, as well as professional development activities related to recertification in orthopaedic physical therapy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(1):9–18. Epub 10 Nov 2016.doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6211
Pulse Radiolysis Studies of Collisional Deexcitation of Ne(3P1) by H2
Authors: Khadka Deba Bahadur
Published: November 2015

The cross sections for the deexcitation of Ne(3P1) by H2 have been measured as a function of the mean collisional energy in the range of 17.3-37.9 meV or in the temperature range from 134 K to 293 K using a pulse radiolysis method as combined with time-resolved optical absorption spectroscopy. The deexcitation cross sections are in the range of 2.1- 5.6 Å2 for Ne(3P1) and nearly constant or increase slightly with increasing the collisional energy.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 75-78
Human Caused Mortality in the Leopard (Panthera pardus) Population of Nepal
Authors: Thapa Tej B.
Published: November 2015

Estimating cause specific leopard (Panthera pardus) mortality is critical to their conservation. This paper examined leopard death reports during 2006-2013 in order to estimate cause-specific mortality, identify conservation issues related to leopard mortality and provide recommendations for reducing human-caused mortality in Nepal. Data revealed that the leopards in the human dominated landscape are susceptible to variation in survival caused by human induced mortality (65%), with retaliation (31%) and lethal control (20%) of declared problem leopard as a significant part. Elevated human induced mortality can cause large scale stochasticity influencing population dynamics of leopard. The conservation of leopards needs to acknowledge strategies to limit retaliatory killings and lethal control in the plans, while addressing its conflicts with human. Efforts to reduce human-caused mortality should focus on reducing poaching and deaths from human-leopards conflicts.  Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 155-159
Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Arsenic in Groundwater of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha S.M. , Rijal K. , Pokhrel M.R.
Published: November 2015

A study was conducted in forty-one deep groundwater and twenty shallow groundwater wells of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal to assess arsenic contamination (shallow and deep groundwater) and spatial and seasonal variation in deep groundwater. The depths of the wells were ranged from 9 to 304 m. Groundwater samples were collected during pre monsoon and post monsoon in 2012. Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) was used to measure the concentration of arsenic. In pre monsoon and post monsoon, 36.59 % and 31.70 % of deep groundwater wells, respectively exceeded permissible values of World Health Organization guideline value of 0.01 mg/L for drinking water. The arsenic varied spatially with high concentration towards central groundwater district. Negative correlation between arsenic and ORP showed reductive arsenic mobilization mechanisms in deep groundwater. There was very weak negative correlation between arsenic concentration and depth of deep groundwater wells. The t-test revealed that there is significant difference in concentration of arsenic in between shallow and deep ground water with higher values of arsenic in deep groundwater. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 7-13
Springtime Meteorology of Damauli Valley, Nepal: Implications for Climatic Comfort and Environmental Hygiene
Authors: Maharjan Sangeeta
Published: November 2015

Springtime spatial and temporal distributions of temperature and humidity over the Damauli valley have been numerically assessed to examine thermal comfort and environmental hygiene. The study reveals that the near surface temperature over valley may remain at 24, 34 and 27C during the morning, afternoon and in the evening, respectively, and the relative humidity may remain in between 25 to 30% during the spring season. The high temperature and low humidity can significantly degrade environmental hygiene over the valleyJournal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 24-29
Impact of Mikania micrantha H.B.K. Invasion on Diversity and Abundance of Plant Species of Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Binoj Kumar , Dangol Dharma Raj
Published: November 2015

This research investigated the invasion of the alien plant Mikania micrantha H.B.K. and its impact on plant species richness and abundance in Chitwan National Park (CNP) forest. Stratified sampling technique was used to collect the information using the nested quadrats in the Mikania invaded and not invaded sites in July 2011. The study revealed that the invasion highly related with the vegetation structure of the habitat; higher the tree crown cover lower the invasion. On the other hand, the invasion in terms of cover percent of Mikania irrespective of the biomass (fresh weight) decreased plant species richness. Species richness showed unimodal response to the Mikania cover percent with the decrease after 35% of Mikania cover. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 30-36
Small scale Coffee Farmer’s Response towards Management of Coffee Pest through Field Level Techniques
Authors: Panthi Bhanu Bhakta
Published: November 2015

Coffee among the Nepalese farmers is one of the breaks-through from the traditional subsistence food crops to agrobased industrial crop. It was planted under multi cropping pattern with fruits species; Musa paradiciaca L (banana), Citrus lemon (Lemon), Artocarpus heterophyllus (jack fruit), Pyrus pyrifolia (pear), and Psidium guajava L (guava), fodders species, cereals and vegetables. Coffee farmers of Gulmi and Lalitpur tried to manage the orchards through shade management, intercropping, optimum manuring, and protection from pests. For this, farmers adopted various management techniques; handpicking and destroying, use of local pesticides, use of pheromones trap. More than 90 % of the coffee farmers were used local pesticides but with random composition and amount. Most preferred botanicals at farmer’s level are; Allium sativum L., Allium cepa L., Azadirachta indica, Eupatorium adenophorum, Utrica dioca L. Artemesia indica, Zanthoxylum Zanthoxylum. Though, these techniques were applied, farmers still were not successful fully to overcome the problem of White Stem Borer (Xylotrechus quadripes). This might be due to untimely application and not proper composition to prepare in large quantity. This prepared pesticide was only effective to control small and soft bodied insects. The using of botanicals was observed to reduce the chances of pest attack and found a significant step toward green pesticides.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 37-44
Aviation Hazards in the Sky over Thada as Revealed by Meso-scale Meteorological Modeling
Authors: Regmi Ram P.
Published: November 2015

The airplane of Nepal Army in-route to Kathmandu Airport from Nepalgunj lost its communication with the air traffic control room from the sky of Thada of Arghakhachi District. The plane was found with breath taking crashing over the Bowang high mountain area of Baglung District. The weather pattern over the area has been numerically reconstructed with the application of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model initialized with NCEP FNL meteorological and USGS land use and terrain elevation data to examined the effect of prevailing weather pattern. The reconstructed weather pattern show that the atmosphere over Thada and associated areas capture an adverse condition for aviation activities, as it appears highly turbulent and is intense subsidence prone. A detail long-term investigation usefully complemented with field observation may provide better understanding and for improved flight safety.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 65-70
Theory of Finsler spaces with λ, β) - Metric
Authors: Thakur Dhirendra
Published: November 2015

Abstract on PDFJournal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 94-99
Feeding Ecology of Sloth Bears in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Khanal Sandip , Thapa Tej B.
Published: November 2015

Food habits of a species influences habitat use, ranging pattern and behavior. Seasonal diet composition of Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) in the Chitwan National Park, Nepal was determined from 143 scats. Through macroscopic and microscopic analysis of scats; six types of plants, termites, ants, honey bees, wax, as well as mammalian hairs were identified. Although variation was observed, there was no significant difference in the diet composition in two different seasons. Overall, insects dominated the composition, occurring in 100% of the scats followed by the plants (39.16%) and mammalian hair (3.49%). Termites and ants were the major and stable dietary components. Termites (90%), Red ants (65%) and Aegle marmelos (35%) were important food for Sloth bear in summer season but the utilization of plants was very low. During winter, insects were heavily utilized by the bear. The utilization of termites (93.97%) and Ziziphus sp. (14.45%) was higher in comparison with summer season. Utilization of fruits in summer was negligible. By and large, on percent dry weight basis, insects (78.98%) dominated Sloth bear diet, followed by plants (20.99%) and mammalian hairs (0.04%).Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 118-122
On Certain Topological Structures of Summable Paranormed Sequence Space Defined in Two - Normed Space
Authors: Pahari Narayan Prasad
Published: November 2015

Abstract on PDFJournal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 135-140
Study on Frequency of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Among The Students of Rajshahi Medical College
Authors: Mohammadunnabi - , Ekram ARM Saifuddin
Published: November 2015

Background: This study was carried out to find out the frequency of IBS, symptoms pattern, health care seeking behavior among the students of Rajshahi Medical College.Objectives: To find out the frequency of IBS among the students of Rajshahi Medical College, determine the pattern and frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in students with IBS and find out health care seeking behavior of IBS subjects.Methods: An observational descriptive cross sectional study was carried out after collecting data from 320 students of Rajshahi Medical college who fulfill inclusion and exclusion criteria by inviting them to filled out a questionnaire based on Rome III criteria for diagnosis of IBS from July 2009 to June 2010Results: A total of 320 students with male 50%(160/320) and female50%(160/320)were included in this study. The overall frequency of IBS among the students of Rajshahi Medical college was32.5% with 35% in man and 30% in women. Abdominal pain or discomfort was present in 100% students with altered frequency of stool in 78.84%(P=0.00), altered stool consistency 80.00%(p=0.00) and pain relieved by defecation was present in 67.30%(p=0.00).Overall consultation rate in students of Rajshahi Medical College were 46.2% with 70.2% in male and29.8% in female (p=.001).Conclusion: There was a higher frequency of irritable bowel syndrome among the students of Rajshahi medical college than the general population of Bangladesh. About half of them indeed seek health care advice. However the results of this study need to be confirmed in a large multi centre study.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2015; 26 (1) : 5-8
Use of Blood and Blood Components In Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Chowdhury Fahmida Sharmin , Siddiqui Md Ali Ehsan , Islam Khairul , Nasreen Zubaida , Begum Husne Ara , Begum Hosne Ara
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Use of blood means providing the right blood product, in the right quantity, for the right patient. It can help in bridging the gap between demand and supply of the precious blood or blood products.Objective: The present study was designed to study appropriateness of use of the blood components in different wards in DMCH, to improve the consistency and appropriateness of transfusion practice, to promote the integration of quality management systems into transfusion practice, to reduce the overall number of transfusion-related complications, to increase consumer awareness of the benefits and risks of blood component therapy; and conserve a limited resource.Methodology: This study was done at Transfusion Medicine Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital in the period between January 2008 to December 2011. Donors of 18 to 55 years of both sexes were selected after reviewing the questionnaire, physical and medical examination and written consent .Blood was collected in different blood bags. Blood components were prepared by centrifugation of whole blood in a refrigerated centrifuge machine. Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire on age, gender, department, haemoglobin levels, indications of blood transfusions, types of product advised, total number of units ordered, cross-matched and transfused. Rational use of blood was assessed by determining prevalence of appropriateness using World Health Organisations clinical practical guidelines and transfusion indices. Interviews were done with doctors to assess their knowledge and practices.Result: In 2008, 1231(8.4%) components were prepared against 14560 whole blood. In 2009, 1636 (9.63%) components against 16984 whole blood were prepared. In 2010, 1380 (8.13%) components were prepared against 16980 whole blood. In 2011 1800 (8.91%) components were prepared and supplied to surgery, medicine, gynae, paediatrics, haematology and oncology wards.Conclusion: The hospital was not rationale in use of blood.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2015; 26 (1) : 18-24
Multiple Skin and Brain Abscess Caused by Salmonella Typhi, First Reported Case in Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiqui Mahmudur Rahman , Islam Quazi Tarikul , Rahman Yousuf Ur , Shena Tamanna Yasmin
Published: November 2015

Focal Brain and skin abscesses due to Salmonella are rarely reported. They tend to occur in patients who are immunosuppressed and in those with other predisposing factors like; sickle cell disease. We presented a case of a 28-year-old female of multiple skin and brain abscesses caused by Salmonella Typhi with no predisposing factor. After starting treatment according to culture and sensitivity report, she completely recovered without any residual disability.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2015; 26 (2) : 83-85
Ultrasonographic Discrimination of Benign and Malignant Breast Lumps with Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Yasmin Tarana , Sultana Sohely , Amin Mashah Binte , Arephen Syed Shamsul , Rafat Sania , Farzana Tayseer
Published: November 2015

Background: A lump in the breast is a cause of great concern. High frequency high resolution ultrasonogram helps in its evaluation. With major advances in ultrasonographic technology during the past 20 years, ultrasonogram can now distinguish benign and malignant solid breast lumps. Knowledge of the specific benign and malignant ultrasonographic characteristics of breast lumps is imperative for accurate diagnosis and optimal patient management.Objective: To determine the validity of ultrasound in the assessment of palpable breast lump by detecting the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ultrasonogram in distinguishing benign and malignant breast lumps.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was done in the department of Radiology and Imaging of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka in collaboration with the department of Pathology of BSMMU for histopathological correlation during July 2008 to June 2009. A total of 100 patients who were clinically suspected of having breast lump were included in this study. Data on clinical presentation, ultrasonographic findings including histopathological reports were collected and documented in structured forms. Analysis was done using SPSS 13.0 version.Results: The study was done in 100 women of 1870 years of age with mean age 41.46 ± 11.62 years. Breast lumps were found with associated clinical presentation of pain in 26 (26%) cases, discharge in 12 (12%) cases, skin changes in 28 (28%) cases, nipple retraction in 10 (10%) cases, and palpable lymph nodes in 10 (10%) cases. On ultrasonogram, lesions were diagnosed as benign in 62% cases and malignant in 38% cases. Out of sonographically diagnosed 62 benign lesions 58 (93.5%) were also proved benign histopathologically and 4 (6.5%) as malignant. Out of 38 sonographically malignant lesions, 34 (89.5%) were also proved as malignant histopathologically and 4 (10.5%) as benign.Conclusion: Ultrasonographic findings of benign and malignant breast lumps correlated well in most of the cases with the histopathological results. Therefore, it can be concluded that ultrasonogram is a useful imaging tool to discriminate benign and malignant breast lumps and thus we can reduce unnecessary breast biopsies, patient discomfort and anxiety in addition to increase in cost of the patient.J Enam Med Col 2015; 5(3): 151-156
Dance in Opera in London, 1673–1685
Authors: Thorp Jennifer
Published: November 2015

This article looks at the extent to which French styles of theatrical dancing influenced opera in London during the years 1673–1685. In the 1670s the emergence of opera in London owed much to Stuart Court culture and its interest in French ballets de cour and English masques. Meanwhile on the London stage in the 1670s, English theatrical dance was now enhanced by the ability of the Duke of York's new theatre at Dorset Garden to offer the sort of spectacular staging already known in Paris and which suited opera so well. These influences – the love of French music and dancing as balanced by the continued interest in vernacular theatre and its new capacity for spectacle – resulted in an English approach to opera in which the dancing and scenography rarely remained completely French or completely English. This article considers opera dancing in London, from the addition of dance to a reworked Shakespeare play in 1673, followed the next year by the first opera sung in French to be staged in London, and the sometimes hybrid applications of English and French dance in opera thereafter. That the fascination with French opera had diminished after 1685 is reinforced by the unsuccessful attempt to stage one of Lully's tragédies-en-musique in a London theatre the following year.
Computational study of productive and non-productive cycles in fluoroalkene metathesis
Authors: Rybáčková Markéta , Hošek Jan , Šimůnek Ondřej , Kolaříková Viola , Kvíčala Jaroslav
Published: November 2015

A detailed DFT study of the mechanism of metathesis of fluoroethene, 1-fluoroethene, 1,1-difluoroethene,cis- andtrans-1,2-difluoroethene, tetrafluoroethene and chlorotrifluoroethene catalysed with the Hoveyda–Grubbs 2ndgeneration catalyst was performed. It revealed that a successful metathesis of hydrofluoroethenes is hampered by a high preference for a non-productive catalytic cycle proceeding through a ruthenacyclobutane intermediate bearing fluorines in positions 2 and 4. Moreover, the calculations showed that the cross-metathesis of perfluoro- or perhaloalkenes should be a feasible process and that the metathesis is not very sensitive to stereochemical issues.
Modelling the Interaction between Danoprevir and Mericitabine in the Treatment of Chronic HCV Infection
Authors: Canini Laetitia , Guedj Jeremie , Chatterjee Anushree , Lemenuel-Diot Annabelle , Smith Patrick F , Perelson Alan S
Published: November 2015

Background

Modelling HCV RNA decline kinetics under therapy has proven useful for characterizing treatment effectiveness.

Methods

Here we model HCV viral kinetics (VK) in 72 patients given a combination of danoprevir, a protease inhibitor, and mericitabine, a nucleoside polymerase inhibitor, for 14 days in the INFORM-1 trial. A biphasic VK model with time-varying danoprevir and mericitabine effectiveness and Bliss independence for characterizing the interaction between both drugs provided the best fit to the VK data.

Results

The average final antiviral effectiveness of the drug combination varied between 0.998 for 100 mg three times daily of danoprevir and 500 mg twice daily of mericitabine and 0.9998 for 600 mg twice daily of danoprevir and 1,000 mg twice daily of mericitabine. Using the individual parameters estimated from the VK data collected over 2 weeks, we were not able to reproduce the low sustained virological response rates obtained in a more recent study where patients were treated with a combination of mericitabine and ritonavir-boosted danoprevir for 24 weeks.

Conclusions

This suggests that drug-resistant viruses emerge after 2 weeks of treatment and that longer studies are necessary to provide accurate predictions of longer treatment outcomes.
Description of Hoplolaimus bachlongviensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) from banana soil in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tien , Bui Quang , Trinh Phap
Published: November 2015

The genus Hoplolaimus Daday, 1905 belongs to the subfamily Hoplolaimine Filipiev, 1934 of family Hoplolaimidae Filipiev, 1934 (Krall 1990). Daday established this genus on a single female of H. tylenchiformis recovered from a mud hole on Banco Island, Paraguay in 1905 (Sher 1963​, Krall 1990). Hoplolaimus species are distributed worldwide and cause damage on numerous agricultural crops (Luc et al. 1990 Robbins et al. 1998​). In 1992, Handoo and Golden reviewed 29 valid species of genus Hoplolaimus Dayday, 1905 (Handoo and Golden 1992). Siddiqi (2000) recognised three subgenera in Hoplolaimus: Hoplolaimus (Hoplolaimus) with ten species, is characterized by lateral field distinct, with four incisures, excretory pore behind hemizonid; Hoplolaimus (Basirolaimus) with 18 species, is characterized by lateral field with one to three incisures, obliterated, excretory pore anterior to hemizonid, dorsal oesophageal gland quadrinucleate; and Hoplolaimus (Ethiolaimus) with four species is characterized by lateral field with one to three incisures, obliterated; excretory pore anterior to hemizonid, dorsal oesophageal gland uninucleate (Siddiqi 2000). Since then, Hoplolaimus puriensis Ali, Shaheen & Pervez, 2009 has been described (​Ali et al. 2009). Up to now, there have been two species of genus Hoplolaimus reported in Vietnam, viz H. seinhorsti and H. chambus (Nguyen and Nguyen 2000).

Hoplolaimus bachlongviensis sp. n. was isolated from banana soil in Bach Long Vi Island, Vietnam. The female of this species is described and illustrated below. Some diagnostic characters of this species include body slightly curved ventrally, offset lip region exhibiting three to four annules, lateral field reduced, pharyngeal glands with six nuclei, excretory pore anterior to hemizonid, epiptygma absent, intestine not overlapping rectum and male was not found.
Au-delà de la mort, au-delà du plaisir : la sexualité selon une perspective évolutionniste
Authors: Urbano Pedro
Published: November 2015

La présente réflexion, à propos des relations entre la psychologie et la psychologie évolutionniste, aborde quelques questions sur l’évolution de la sexualité humaine.
Le droit d’avoir un enfant hors sexualité
Authors: Marchesini Silvane Maria
Published: November 2015

L’émergence du droit à l’enfant par la procréation assistée force le Droit à changer la notion de filiation et de parenté pour tous. En sortant de la généalogie basée sur les deux sexes naturels et les références générationnelles, il en découle la question de la continuité de l’espèce humaine, de l’être de langage, et de l’adoption des enfants. Dans ces mutations reste à savoir comment le Droit, comme instance symbolique qui a de l’influence sur la subjectivité, va transmettre la négativité : l’Interdit.
La condamnation à mort de l’homosexualité. De quelques rappels historiques
Authors: Biotti-Mache Françoise
Published: November 2015

A l’heure où la France vient de choisir d’autoriser le mariage pour tous, il existe des régions du monde où être homosexuel induit encore réprobation, condamnation et punition, voire exécution capitale. Or, l’Histoire nous apprend que la tolérance comme la condamnation sont deux attitudes qui ont alterné depuis cinq millénaires. Certaines civilisations n’ont jamais proscrit l’homosexualité, comme la Grèce ou la Rome antiques ; d’autres l’ont vouée aux gémonies et ont lapidé, brulé les homosexuels pendant des siècles, comme le Judaïsme, le Christianisme ou l’islam. On parlait de sodomie en souvenir de la ville détruite par Yahvé. Le crime de sodomie étant contre nature et ayant été condamné par Dieu lui-même, le droit canonique puis les lois des hommes ne pouvaient faire moins que de se conformer au droit divin. Ainsi pendant près de deux mille ans, on a pourchassé et condamné les sodomites, mais sans vraiment savoir ce qu’ils avaient fait ou pour de toutes autres raisons que celles qu’officiellement on leur imputait. Le crime de sodomie est souvent devenu un prétexte ou un moyen d’atteindre ceux qu’on ne pouvait inculper d’autre crime mais que l’on voulait abattre. Par ailleurs, cette histoire est celle des paradoxes entre une théorie rigoureuse et une application du droit souvent profondément laxiste. Mais pendant des siècles, les juges ne furent-ils pas les plus convaincus des pécheurs ? Ces quelques rappels historiques, dans le cadre de cette étude sur le sexe et la mort, ne sont ni une histoire de l’homosexualité, ni une histoire du droit des mœurs, mais juste quelques repères dans cette longue évolution qui va de l’interdiction divine de l’homosexualité à l’autorisation des mariages homosexuels et à l’incrimination de l’homophobie, voire à une toute nouvelle variation dans la position de l’église catholique à travers les propos du Pape François, tout en se souvenant que ce ne sont qu’acquis très récents et dans une partie du monde, car, « ailleurs », on peut encore mourir d’être homosexuel.
Sexe-addiction ou la quête compulsive de la petite mort
Authors: Estellon Vincent
Published: November 2015

Prisonnier d’une logique sérielle dans laquelle les partenaires à conquérir compulsivement sont interchangeables, le sex addict ne croit généralement ni plus tellement à l’amour, ni en l’autre, ni en lui-même. Dans cette existence sans espoirs ni illusions, les qualités du bonheur régressent à celles de l’excitatoire qui apporte en un toujours trop court instant le leurre d’un plaisir d’exister. En deçà du caractère frénétique de ces manies sexuelles manifestes, le clinicien perçoit souvent un processus mélancolique fortement ancré.
Préserver les plaisirs sensoriels en fin de vie. Les nourritures et le vin
Authors: Le Grand-Sébille Catherine
Published: November 2015

Catherine Le Grand-Sébille, socio-anthropologue, a mené entre janvier 2011 et juin 2012, dans douze régions françaises, une étude qui visait à mieux comprendre les expériences sensorielles et gustatives des personnes en fin de vie et les points de vue de familles et de soignants médecins et non-médecins qui interviennent auprès d’elles. Il s’est agi, avec cette recherche qualitative et d’approche compréhensive, de faire apparaître, face à la mort proche, non seulement les consommations et les goûts, mais aussi les relations, les représentations, les attitudes et les interdits qui entourent ceux qui continuent à manger et à boire avec plaisir, comme ceux qui sont contraints et attristés d’y renoncer. C’est aussi le contexte de forte médicalisation de la fin de vie et la montée dans nos institutions de principes conjuguant lutte contre l’alcoolisation et promotion de normes diététiques, que cette recherche-action interroge.
Early Intervention for Psychosis: The Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode Project
Authors: Azrin Susan T. , Goldstein Amy B. , Heinssen Robert K.
Published: November 2015

First-episode psychosis (FEP) is a traumatic event that often foreshadows a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis. FEP treatment responsiveness depends on rapid initiation of care, but substantial delays between the onset of psychosis and effective antipsychotic intervention are common. In 2008, the National Institute of Mental Health launched the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode (RAISE) initiative to develop and test coordinated specialty care (CSC)—a team-based, multicomponent treatment program for FEP—in “real world” US community clinics. RAISE demonstrates that mental health professionals from various disciplines can be trained to deliver CSC and that the approach significantly improves symptoms and functioning for patient's with FEP. Furthermore, clinical impact is greater when treatment is initiated soon after psychosis onset. With recent federal legislation, the number of CSC programs in the US is growing rapidly. A national learning health care network among US early psychosis clinics will further align science and clinical practice in early psychosis.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2015;45(11):548–553.]
Individual Resiliency Training: An Early Intervention Approach to Enhance Well-Being in People with First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Meyer Piper S. , Gottlieb Jennifer D. , Penn David , Mueser Kim , Gingerich Susan
Published: November 2015

Early intervention treatment programs have begun to play an increasingly important role in improving long-term outcomes for people with psychosis. These programs focus on helping people achieve recovery through reducing the risk of relapse, improving illness self-management skills, and making progress toward a meaningful life. This article describes Individual Resiliency Training (IRT), the individual therapy component of the Recovery After Initial Schizophrenia Episode Early Treatment Program (RAISE-ETP). As part of a comprehensive specialty care program for people with first-episode psychosis (FEP), IRT uses a strengths-based approach that focuses on progress toward individual recovery goals, as well as improving social functioning and overall well-being. IRT addresses recovery by engaging in illness self-management, Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Psychosis, and psychiatric rehabilitation skills. Two illustrative cases show how people can use information and skills within the IRT modules to make progress toward recovery and learn individualized skills to address common challenges. Within a coordinated specialty care program, IRT provides strategies and skills that promote recovery and resiliency, and shows promise toward improved illness outcomes for people with FEP.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2015;45(11):554–560.]
Religión e instituciones públicas en España. Hospitales y prisiones en perspectiva comparada
Authors: Griera Mar , Martínez-Ariño Julia , Clot-Garrell Anna , Garcia-Romeral Gloria
Published: November 2015

A partir de una aproximación cualitativa, este artículo analiza las tensiones y negociaciones cotidianas que se producen en torno a la presencia y rol de la religión en las prisiones y hospitales contemporáneos en España. Más concretamente, el artículo examina la emergencia de nuevas formas de encaje entre la Iglesia católica, las minorías religiosas y las instituciones seculares; y sus implicaciones en cuanto a la naturaleza secular del Estado y las desigualdades entre grupos. La complejidad de las dinámicas religioso/secular, catolicismo/diversidad religiosa y religión/espiritualidad patentes en el marco de estas instituciones evidencia la imposibilidad de dibujar un modelo único para dar cuenta de cómo la religión y la diversidad religiosa son gestionadas en estos contextos.
Bioaccumulation and subacute toxicity of mechanically and chemically dispersed heavy fuel oil in sea urchin (Glyptocidaris crenulari)
Authors: Yang Bailin , Xiong Deqi
Published: November 2015

Oil spills have a disastrous ecological impact on ecosystems but few data are available for the effects of dispersed oil on benthic marine organisms. In order to provide information for assessment, we analysed the hydrocarbon compositions of the mechanically dispersed water accommodated fraction (MDWAF) and the chemically dispersed water accommodated fraction (CDWAF) of No. 120 fuel oil, their bioaccumulation, and DNA damage related to oil exposure, using the sea urchin as a sentinel organism. The results show that the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the tissues of sea urchin exposed to the CDWAF is higher than that of those exposed to the MDWAF. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay results also indicated higher DNA damage from exposure to the CDWAF of oil. Thus, dispersants should be applied with caution in oil spill accidents.
On the Incremental Union of Relations
Authors: Wang Yingxu
Published: November 2015

Relations are one of the most important conceptual models and mathematical entities in logic, discrete mathematics, computer science, software science, system science, and formal semantics. However, some fundamental and indispensable operations on formal relations were overlooked in traditional studies. This paper presents an extended relation theory with a set of novel algebraic operators on relations beyond classic operations. The algebraic operators on formal relations known as the incremental union and decremental disunion are formally elaborated. The property of relational gains is mathematically modeled, which explains the dynamic mechanism of relations generated by associations of static sets of objects in physical or abstract systems.