bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El venado cola blanca, la danza de los pukes y la cosmovisión de los P'urhepechas en Michoacán
Authors: Díaz-Pacheco Iván , Morales Torres Adán
Published: August 2022

El estado de Michoacán presenta una alta riqueza biológica, resultado de los diferentes tipos de clima, relieve, vegetación, cuerpos de agua, flora y fauna silvestre, mismos que los grupos originarios han sabido aprovechar de manera sostenible. El venado cola blanca, es una especie abundante en todo el estado, dentro de la cosmovisión del pueblo P'urhépecha, representa ser una especie que les da identidad cultural, y es, un elemento de una de sus danzas más representativas, la danza de los pukes.
Women's unpaid work in health systems
Authors: Keeling Ann
Published: August 2022

Global health security and women's rights are being undermined by the lack of payment or gross underpayment of women health workers, according to a new report from Women in Global Health
Reporting a crime and balancing confidentiality
Authors: Green Emma
Published: August 2022

Incidents of abuse and violence towards practice staff are traumatic enough, but the experience can be complicated by whether and how to report to police without breaching patient confidentiality. Dr Emma Green summarises the relevant guidance
Apposition compound-eye image scanner by glass plate optics
Authors: Kawano Hiroyuki , Nakagawa Naoki , Takushima Shigeru , Makita Taisuke , Kurihara Kohei , Sugano Miki
Published: August 2022

We propose a design approach for a thin image scanner using the concept of an apposition compound eye comprising many imaging units that take only one pixel image. Although light shielding between adjacent imaging units is always one of the main issues for an artificial compound eye, a simple plane structure using three aperture array layers on two glued glass plates prevents such stray light. Our prototyped scanner, with only 6.8-mm thickness as a packaged module, has 632 microlenses with 200-dpi resolution, resulting in a field of view of 80 mm. The evaluated images show no ghost images.
In vivo evaluation of a lipopolysaccharide-induced ear vascular leakage model in mice using photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Li Zhe , He Pengbo , Xu Yuqing , Deng Yuxiao , Gao Yuan , Chen Sung-Liang
Published: August 2022

Sepsis is caused by dysregulated host inflammatory response to
infection. During sepsis, early identification and monitoring of
vascular leakage are pivotal for improved diagnosis, treatment, and
prognosis. However, there is a lack of research on noninvasive
observation of inflammation-related vascular leakage. Here, we
investigate the use of photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) for in
vivo visualization of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ear
vascular leakage in mice using Evans blue (EB) as an indicator. A
model combining needle pricking on the mouse ear, topical smearing of
LPS on the mouse ear, and intravenous tail injection of EB is
developed. Topical application of LPS is expected to induce local
vascular leakage in skin. Inflammatory response is first validated by
ex vivo histology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay. Then, local ear vascular leakage is confirmed by ex
vivo measurement of swelling, thickening, and EB leakage.
Finally, PAM for in vivo identification and
evaluation of early vascular leakage using the model is demonstrated.
For PAM, common excitation wavelength of 532 nm is used, and an
algorithm is developed to extract quantitative metrics for EB leakage.
The results show potential of PAM for noninvasive longitudinal
monitoring of peripheral skin vascular leakage, which holds promise
for clinical sepsis diagnosis and management.
Second Harmonic Generation in 3R-MoS2 waveguides
Authors: Xu Xinyi , Trovatello Chiara , Mooshammer Fabian , Shao Yinming , Zhang Shuai , Yao Kaiyuan , Basov D.N. , Cerullo Giulio , Schuck P. James
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate broadband waveguiding second harmonic generation in bulk, non-centrosymmetric 3R-MoS2. SHG conversion is demonstrated using polarization and wavelength-resolved imaging. We report the first measurement of SHG coherence length in 3R-stacked van der Waals waveguides.
Thin Disk Laser Development for Space Debris Monitoring and Mitigation
Authors: Speiser Jochen , Ewers Benjamin , Kästel Jürgen , Lorbeer Raoul-Amadeus , Oberbeckmann Daniel , Sauder Daniel , Weichelt Birgit
Published: August 2022

Space debris laser tracking is a versatile tool for mitigation of collision risks in low earth orbit. Thin Disk lasers are highly suitable to provide the required laser parameters. A transportable kW-class pulsed laser system was developed and tested. New Thin Disk concepts promise a more compact future system. Beyond monitoring, the Thin Disk can also be part of a ground-based laser debris removal system.
Inverse scattering algorithm for profile reconstruction of a buried defect beneath a dielectric rough surface based on the domain-boundary integral hybrid method
Authors: Sugisaka Jun-ichiro , Harada Kenji , Hirayama Koichi
Published: August 2022

A reconstruction algorithm for the defect profile beneath a dielectric rough surface using scattered far fields is proposed. This is a fundamental technique for optical measurements, such as diffraction tomography, for defect inspection of microfabricated devices. In general, the profile reconstruction process is considerably time consuming. We propose a domain-boundary integral hybrid method to reduce the number of operations while maintaining the rigor of scattering; the polarization properties, scattering, and multiscattering in the sample are considered. We present reconstruction simulations to validate the proposed algorithm. The reconstruction limit as well as its dependency on sample illumination and rough surface shape are also discussed.
Discussion on fabrication accuracy of infrared topological photonic structures using hyperspectral Fourier image spectroscopy
Authors: Okada Sho , Amemiya Tomohiro , Kagami Hibiki , Wang Yahui , Nishiyama Nobuhiko , Hu Xiao
Published: August 2022

Compared to conventional periodic nanostructures such as photonic
crystals, topological photonic systems require more precise
fabrication techniques due to the need to place multiple dielectrics
at appropriate positions within a unit cell, and this becomes
particularly remarkable in the optical communication band. In this
paper, observing photonic band structures by using hyperspectral
Fourier image spectroscopy, we quantitatively discuss the fabrication
accuracy of typical topological photonic systems in which triangle
nanoholes were arranged in a deformed honeycomb lattice with

C

6

v

symmetry. Here the size and corner
radius of triangle nanoholes were precisely controlled using shape
correction electron beam lithography. The results showed that the
fabrication error must be controlled to below

∼

10

n
m

for the size and

∼

30

n
m

for the corner radius, in order to
achieve the desired topological edge state that occurs at the
interface between two photonic structures different in topology.
Electrically switchable structural colors based on liquid-crystal-overlaid aluminum anisotropic nanoaperture arrays
Authors: Li Ke , Wang Jiawei , Cai Wengfeng , He Huilin , Liu Jianxun , Yin Zhen , Luo Dan , Mu Quanquan , Gérard Davy , Liu Yan Jun
Published: August 2022

Actively tunable or reconfigurable structural colors are highly promising in future development for high resolution imaging and displaying applications. To this end, we demonstrate switchable structural colors covering the entire visible range by integrating aluminum nanoaperture arrays with nematic liquid crystals. The geometrically anisotropic design of the nanoapertures provides strong polarization-dependent coloration. By overlaying a nematic liquid crystal layer, we further demonstrate switchable ability of the structural colors by either changing the polarization of the incident light or applying an external voltage. The switchable structural colors have a fast response time of 28 ms at a driving voltage of 6.5 V. Furthermore, colorful patterns are demonstrated by coding the colors with various dimensions of nanoaperture arrays with dual switching modes. Our proposed technique in this work provides a dual-mode switchable structural colors, which is highly promising for polarimetric displays, imaging sensors, and visual cryptography.
Seven-channel all-optical reconfigurable canonical logic units multicasting at 40 Gb/s based on a nonlinearity-enhanced silicon waveguide
Authors: Gao Xiaoyan , Gu Wentao , Dong Wenchan , Zhou Heng , Lei Lei , Chen Liao , Yu Yu , Dong Jianji , Zhang Xinliang
Published: August 2022

All-optical canonical logic unit (CLU) is the basic building block of high-speed optical logic operation and complex optical computing. By utilizing the parallelism of optical signals, multichannel multicasting of all-optical CLUs can expand the capacity of the computing system effectively. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the 40 Gb/s all-optical reconfigurable two-input CLUs generated in seven wavelength channels via four-wave mixing (FWM) in the nonlinearity-enhanced silicon waveguide. By introducing reverse-biased PIN junctions to reduce nonlinear loss, the output power of converted light can be increased over 10 dB. Moreover, pumped by two optical signals and a continuous wave beam, a full set of reconfigurable CLUs is multicasted in seven parallel wavelength channels. All logic signals with error-free performance are realized. Attributing to the rate transparency of FWM and parallel multicasting of logic functions, the proposed scheme offers more flexibility and expandability in future high-speed optical logic processing and complex optical computing.
Highly coherent, flat, and broadband time-stretched swept source based on extra-cavity spectral shaping assisted by a booster semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Chen Hongjie , Li Yujia , Huang Dongmei , Shi Yihuan , Li Feng , Lu Chao , Wai P. K. A.
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a flat broadband time-stretched swept source based on extra-cavity spectral shaping. By adjusting the polarization-dependent gain profile and driving current of the booster optical amplifier (BOA), extra-cavity spectral shaping is optimized to generate output with a 1-dB bandwidth of ∼100 nm, 3-dB bandwidth of ∼140 nm and output power of ∼21.4 mW. The short-term and long-term stabilities are characterized. The average cross correlation of 183,485 round trips is 0.9997 with a standard deviation of 2×10−5, indicating high single-shot spectral similarity and high coherence. The noise floor of relative spectral energy jitter is −141.7 dB/Hz, indicating a high short-term spectral energy stability. The proposed highly stable flat broadband time-stretched swept source is applied to an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The axial resolution is 10.8 µm. The proposed swept source can serve as excellent light sources in ultra-fast coherent detection systems for high precision sensing and imaging.
Super cosh-Gauss nonuniformly correlated radially polarized beam and its propagation characteristics
Authors: Zhu Xinlei , Yu Jiayi , Wang Fei , Chen Yahong , Cai Yangjian
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a new kind of partially coherent vector beam termed as super cosh-Gauss nonuniformly correlated radially polarized (SCNRP) beam is introduced. Such beam source exhibits almost perfect coherence between two points that are within the beam center region or located on a ring concentric with the beam center. However, the coherence drops or even vanishes when the two points leave the central region and are located on the concentric rings with different radii. The second-order statistical properties, such as the spectral density, the state of polarization (SOP), and the degree of polarization (DOP) of such beam upon free-space propagation are studied through numerical examples. Our results reveal that the beam displays a self-focusing property during propagation. The focusing ability can be enhanced with increasing the beam index and decreasing the beam’s spatial coherence width, whereas the DOP and SOP remain unchanged on propagation. Meanwhile, we establish an experimental system with the use of a radial polarization converter and a digital micro-mirror device to synthesize the SCNRP beam with controllable beam index and spatial coherence width. The spectral density and polarization properties of the synthesized beam during propagation are measured and analyzed in the experiment. The experimental results agree well with our theoretical predictions.
Multi-band microwave signals generation based on a photonic sampling with a flexible ultra-short pulse source
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Peng Di , Fu Songnian , Wang Yuncai , Qin Yuwen
Published: August 2022

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a photonic sampling-enabled multi-band microwave signals generation scheme. The intermediate-frequency input signal is up-converted to high frequency output signals in multiple frequency bands, after being optically sampled by an ultra-short optical pulse train and subsequently being detected by a photodetector (PD). The ultra-short pulse source, realized by using an electro-optic modulation-based time lens with the chirp compensation, can be flexibly adjusted to enhance the performance of multi-band frequency up-conversion. In the experiment, after optimizing the optical ultra-short pulse source with a repetition frequency of 8 GHz, ten phase-coded up-converted microwave signals with a 13-bit Barker code were successfully generated within a frequency range from 7 GHz to 41 GHz. The power fluctuation among the generated microwave signals in multi-band is measured to be 5.9 dB. The experiment results indicate that, our proposed scheme can realize the multi-band up-conversion with a high fidelity.
Contrast mechanisms in pump-probe microscopy of melanin
Authors: Grass David , Beasley Georgia M. , Fischer Martin C. , Selim M. Angelica , Zhou Yue , Warren Warren S.
Published: August 2022

Pump-probe microscopy of melanin in tumors has been proposed to improve diagnosis of malignant melanoma, based on the hypothesis that aggressive cancers disaggregate melanin structure. However, measured signals of melanin are complex superpositions of multiple nonlinear processes, which makes interpretation challenging. Polarization control during measurement and data fitting are used to decompose signals of melanin into their underlying molecular mechanisms. We then identify the molecular mechanisms that are most susceptible to melanin disaggregation and derive false-coloring schemes to highlight these processes in biological tissue. We demonstrate that false-colored images of a small set of melanoma tumors correlate with clinical concern. More generally, our systematic approach of decomposing pump-probe signals can be applied to a multitude of different samples.
Terahertz quasi non-diffraction Bessel vortex beam generation using three lattice types reflective metasurface
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Cao Hailin , Peng Junhui , Meng Zhenya
Published: August 2022

Bandwidth, orbital-angular momentum (OAM) divergence, and mode purity are the three critical issues for the practical terahertz orbital angular momentum manipulation, especially in the next sixth-generation (6G) communication system. Here we propose the broadband high-order Bessel vortex beam carrying multiple OAM modes reflective metasurface in the terahertz domain. The simulation results agree with the theoretical expectation, and the diffracting divergence of OAM vortex beam characteristics has been alleviated. The research on the relationship between the varieties of lattice type and mode purity is also relatively scarce. Henceforth, a comparison study has been conducted between three lattice types, i.e., square lattice, triangular lattice, and concentric ring lattice. And corresponding results of the relationship of mode purity with those lattice types show that the concentric ring lattice has the best performance.
Spatiotemporal chaos induces extreme events in a three-element laterally coupled laser array
Authors: Huang Yu , Gu Shuangquan , Zeng Yao , Zhou Pei , Li Nianqiang
Published: August 2022

Extreme events are observed in the spatiotemporal chaos dynamics of a three-element laterally coupled laser array. With the help of statistical and dynamical analyses, we confirm that spatiotemporal chaos induces extreme pulses that are high enough to be identified as extreme events and cannot be found in synchronization chaos. Interestingly, our results show that extreme events always preferentially appear in the middle laser as the laser separation ratio is decreased (i.e., upon increasing the coupling strength), and then in the two outer lasers. This thus reveals the importance of the middle laser in the transition between synchronization chaos and spatiotemporal chaos states. Additionally, we show the evolution of extreme events in the plane of the pump level and laser separation ratio by calculating the corresponding proportion. Our results build a relation between extreme events and the spatiotemporal dynamics, which makes it easy to understand the formation mechanism of extreme events.
Genome-wide association studies of global Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to 13 antimicrobials in 10,228 genomes identify new resistance mechanisms
Authors:   The CRyPTIC Consortium
Published: August 2022

The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major global public health concern that threatens the ability to control the disease. Whole-genome sequencing as a tool to rapidly diagnose resistant infections can transform patient treatment and clinical practice. While resistance mechanisms are well understood for some drugs, there are likely many mechanisms yet to be uncovered, particularly for new and repurposed drugs. We sequenced 10,228 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates worldwide and determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on a grid of 2-fold concentration dilutions for 13 antimicrobials using quantitative microtiter plate assays. We performed oligopeptide- and oligonucleotide-based genome-wide association studies using linear mixed models to discover resistance-conferring mechanisms not currently catalogued. Use of MIC over binary resistance phenotypes increased sample heritability for the new and repurposed drugs by 26% to 37%, increasing our ability to detect novel associations. For all drugs, we discovered uncatalogued variants associated with MIC, including in the Rv1218c promoter binding site of the transcriptional repressor Rv1219c (isoniazid), upstream of the vapBC20 operon that cleaves 23S rRNA (linezolid) and in the region encoding an α-helix lining the active site of Cyp142 (clofazimine, all p < 10−7.7). We observed that artefactual signals of cross-resistance could be unravelled based on the relative effect size on MIC. Our study demonstrates the ability of very large-scale studies to substantially improve our knowledge of genetic variants associated with antimicrobial resistance in M. tuberculosis.
Discovery of a novel natural product inhibitor of Clostridioides difficile with potent activity in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Pal Rusha , Seleem Mohamed N.
Published: August 2022

Clostridioides difficile infection is a global health threat and remains the primary cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. The burgeoning incidence and severity of infections coupled with high rates of recurrence have created an urgent need for novel therapeutics. Here, we report a novel natural product scaffold as a potential anticlostridial lead with antivirulence properties and potent activity both in vitro and in vivo. A whole cell phenotypic screening of 1,000 purified natural products identified 6 compounds with potent activity against C. difficile (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range from 0.03 to 2 μg/ml). All these 6 compounds were non-toxic to human colorectal cells. The natural product compounds also inhibited the production of key toxins, TcdA and TcdB, the key virulence determinants of C. difficile infection pathology. Additionally, the compounds exhibited rapid bactericidal activity and were superior to the standard-of-care antibiotic vancomycin, in reducing a high inoculum of C. difficile in vitro. Furthermore, a murine model of C. difficile infection revealed that compound NP-003875 conferred 100% protection to the infected mice from clinical manifestations of the disease. Collectively, the current study lays the foundation for further investigation of the natural product NP-003875 as a potential therapeutic choice for C. difficile infection.
Adrenergic signaling controls early transcriptional programs during CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection
Authors: Estrada Leonardo D. , Ağaç Çobanoğlu Didem , Wise Aaron , Maples Robert W. , Çobanoğlu Murat Can , Farrar J. David
Published: August 2022

Norepinephrine is a key sympathetic neurotransmitter, which acts to suppress CD8 + T cell cytokine secretion and lytic activity by signaling through the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). Although ADRB2 signaling is considered generally immunosuppressive, its role in regulating the differentiation of effector T cells in response to infection has not been investigated. Using an adoptive transfer approach, we compared the expansion and differentiation of wild type (WT) to Adrb2-/- CD8 + T cells throughout the primary response to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection in vivo. We measured the dynamic changes in transcriptome profiles of antigen-specific CD8 + T cells as they responded to VSV. Within the first 7 days of infection, WT cells out-paced the expansion of Adrb2-/- cells, which correlated with reduced expression of IL-2 and the IL-2Rα in the absence of ADRB2. RNASeq analysis identified over 300 differentially expressed genes that were both temporally regulated following infection and selectively regulated in WT vs Adrb2-/- cells. These genes contributed to major transcriptional pathways including cytokine receptor activation, signaling in cancer, immune deficiency, and neurotransmitter pathways. By parsing genes within groups that were either induced or repressed over time in response to infection, we identified three main branches of genes that were differentially regulated by the ADRB2. These gene sets were predicted to be regulated by specific transcription factors involved in effector T cell development, such as Tbx21 and Eomes. Collectively, these data demonstrate a significant role for ADRB2 signaling in regulating key transcriptional pathways during CD8 + T cells responses to infection that may dramatically impact their functional capabilities and downstream memory cell development.
Predicting intraoperative hypotension using deep learning with waveforms of arterial blood pressure, electroencephalogram, and electrocardiogram: Retrospective study
Authors: Jo Yong-Yeon , Jang Jong-Hwan , Kwon Joon-myoung , Lee Hyung-Chul , Jung Chul-Woo , Byun Seonjeong , Jeong Han‐Gil
Published: August 2022

To develop deep learning models for predicting Interoperative hypotension (IOH) using waveforms from arterial blood pressure (ABP), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electroencephalogram (EEG), and to determine whether combination ABP with EEG or CG improves model performance. Data were retrieved from VitalDB, a public data repository of vital signs taken during surgeries in 10 operating rooms at Seoul National University Hospital from January 6, 2005, to March 1, 2014. Retrospective data from 14,140 adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery with general anaesthesia were used. The predictive performances of models trained with different combinations of waveforms were evaluated and compared at time points at 3, 5, 10, 15 minutes before the event. The performance was calculated by area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC), sensitivity and specificity. The model performance was better in the model using both ABP and EEG waveforms than in all other models at all time points (3, 5, 10, and 15 minutes before an event) Using high-fidelity ABP and EEG waveforms, the model predicted IOH with a AUROC and AUPRC of 0.935 [0.932 to 0.938] and 0.882 [0.876 to 0.887] at 5 minutes before an IOH event. The output of both ABP and EEG was more calibrated than that using other combinations or ABP alone. The results demonstrate that a predictive deep neural network can be trained using ABP, ECG, and EEG waveforms, and the combination of ABP and EEG improves model performance and calibration.
Impact evaluation of a brief online training module on physician use of the Maryland, USA, Prescription Drug Monitoring Program
Authors: Adenaiye Oluwasanmi O. , Zirpoli Julia B. , Tan Marissa , Day Brendan F. , Bolaji Olayiwola , Mitchell Clifford S. , Cloeren Marianne
Published: August 2022

Background

Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) are electronic databases that track controlled substance prescriptions in a state. They are underused tools in preventing opioid abuse. Most PDMP education research measures changes in knowledge or confidence rather than behavior.

Objective

To evaluate the impact of online case-based training on healthcare provider use of the Maryland (USA) PDMP.

Methods

We used e-mail distribution lists to recruit providers to complete a brief educational module. Using a pre-training and post-training survey in the module, we measured self-reported PDMP use patterns and perceived PDMP value in specific clinical situations and compared pre- and post-training responses. Within the module, we presented three fictional pain cases and asked participants how they would manage each, both before, and then after presenting prescription drug history simulating a PDMP report. We measured changes in the fictional case treatment plans before and after seeing prescription history. Finally, we measured and compared how often each participant accessed the Maryland PDMP database before and after completing the educational module. We used multivariate logistic regression to measure the effect of the intervention on actual PDMP use frequency.

Results

One hundred and fifty participants enrolled and completed the training module, and we successfully retrieved real-world PDMP use data of 137 of them. Participants’ decisions to prescribe opioids changed significantly after reviewing PDMP data in each of the fictional cases provided in the module. In the months following the training, the rate of PDMP use increased by a median of four use-cases per month among providers in practice for less than 20 years (p = 0.039) and two use-cases per month among infrequent opioid prescribers (p = 0.014).

Conclusion

A brief online case-based educational intervention was associated with a significant increase in the rate of PDMP use among infrequent opioid prescribers and those in practice less than 20 years.
Uncertainty avoidance and investment underdiversification
Authors: Tang Xinmeng , Zhou Xiaoguang
Published: August 2022

The relationship between the cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance and investment underdiversification is examined. A theoretical link between uncertainty avoidance and ambiguity is established, that is, cultural uncertainty avoidance captures the aversion attitude towards ambiguity at the national group level, thus, cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance influences investors’ behavioral biases of home bias and the investment abroad concentration. The empirical results show that investment underdiversification is significantly and positively affected by the degree of uncertainty avoidance and robustness tests support this conclusion. A further analysis reveals that uncertainty avoidance moderates the effects of ambiguity on investment underdiversification, whereas the effects of uncertainty avoidance are mediated by the status quo bias.
Exploring time series of hyperspectral images for cold water coral stress response analysis
Authors: Langenkämper Daniel , Mogstad Aksel Alstad , Hansen Ingrid Myrnes , Baussant Thierry , Bergsagel Øystein , Nilssen Ingunn , Frost Tone Karin , Nattkemper Tim Wilhelm
Published: August 2022

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a promising technology for environmental monitoring with a lot of undeveloped potential due to the high dimensionality and complexity of the data. If temporal effects are studied, such as in a monitoring context, the analysis becomes more challenging as time is added to the dimensions of space (image coordinates) and wavelengths. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments to investigate the impact of different stressor exposure patterns on the spectrum of the cold water coral Desmophyllum pertusum. 65 coral samples were divided into 12 groups, each group being exposed to different types and levels of particles. Hyperspectral images of the coral samples were collected at four time points from prior to exposure to 6 weeks after exposure. To investigate the relationships between the corals’ spectral signatures and controlled experimental parameters, a new software tool for interactive visual exploration was developed and applied, the HypIX (Hyperspectral Image eXplorer) web tool. HypIX combines principles from exploratory data analysis, information visualization and machine learning-based dimension reduction. This combination enables users to select regions of interest (ROI) in all dimensions (2D space, time point and spectrum) for a flexible integrated inspection. We propose two HypIX workflows to find relationships in time series of hyperspectral datasets, namely morphology-based filtering workflow and embedded driven response analysis workflow. With these HypIX workflows three users identified different temporal and spatial patterns in the spectrum of corals exposed to different particle stressor conditions. Corals exposed to particles tended to have a larger change rate than control corals, which was evident as a shifted spectrum. The responses, however, were not uniform for coral samples undergoing the same exposure treatments, indicating individual tolerance levels. We also observed a good inter-observer agreement between the three HyPIX users, indicating that the proposed workflow can be applied to obtain reproducible HSI analysis results.
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of multigames with mutations
Authors: Roy Sourav , Nag Chowdhury Sayantan , Mali Prakash Chandra , Perc Matjaž , Ghosh Dibakar
Published: August 2022

Most environments favor defection over cooperation due to natural selection. Nonetheless, the emergence of cooperation is omnipresent in many biological, social, and economic systems, quite contrary to the well-celebrated Darwinian theory of evolution. Much research has been devoted to better understanding how and why cooperation persists among self-interested individuals despite their competition for limited resources. Here we go beyond a single social dilemma since individuals usually encounter various social challenges. In particular, we propose and study a mathematical model incorporating both the prisoner’s dilemma and the snowdrift game. We further extend this model by considering ecological signatures like mutation and selfless one-sided contribution of altruist free space. The nonlinear evolutionary dynamics that results from these upgrades offer a broader range of equilibrium outcomes, and it also often favors cooperation over defection. With the help of analytical and numerical calculations, our theoretical model sheds light on the mechanisms that maintain biodiversity, and it helps to explain the evolution of social order in human societies.
How do care home staff use non-pharmacological strategies to manage sleep disturbances in residents with dementia: The SIESTA qualitative study
Authors: Webster Lucy , Costafreda Sergi G. , Powell Kingsley , Livingston Gill
Published: August 2022

Background

Sleep disturbances affect 38% of care home residents living with dementia. They are often treated with medication, but non-pharmacological interventions may be safer and effective yet more difficult to implement. In the SIESTA study (Sleep problems In dEmentia: interviews with care home STAff) we explored care home staffs’ experience of managing sleep disturbances in their residents living with dementia.

Methods

We conducted one-to-one semi-structured interviews in four UK care homes, and purposively recruited a maximum variation sample of 18 nurses and care assistants, who were each interviewed once. We used a topic guide and audio-recorded the interviews. Two researchers independently analysed themes from transcribed interviews.

Results

Staff used a range of techniques that often worked in improving or preventing residents’ sleep disturbance. During the daytime, staff encouraged residents to eat well, and be physically active and stimulated to limit daytime sleep. In the evening, staff settled residents into dark, quiet, comfortable bedrooms often after a snack. When residents woke at night, they gave them caffeinated tea or food, considered possible pain and discomfort, and reassured residents they were safe. If residents remained unsettled, staff would engage them in activities. They used telecare to monitor night-time risk. Staff found minimising daytime napping difficult, described insufficient staffing at night to attend to reorient and guide awake residents and said residents frequently did not know it was night-time.

Conclusions

Some common techniques, such as caffeinated drinks, may be counterproductive. Future non-pharmacological interventions should consider practical difficulties staff face in managing sleep disturbances, including struggling to limit daytime napping, identifying residents’ night-time needs, day-night disorientation, and insufficient night-time staffing.
The field and resistance training loads of academy rugby league players during a pre-season: Comparisons across playing positions
Authors: Moore David Anthony , Jones Ben , Weakley Jonathon , Whitehead Sarah , Till Kevin
Published: August 2022

Male academy rugby league players are required to undertake field and resistance training to develop the technical, tactical and physical qualities important for success in the sport. However, limited research is available exploring the training load of academy rugby league players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the field and resistance training loads of academy rugby league players during a pre-season period and compare training loads between playing positions (i.e., forwards vs. backs). Field and resistance training load data from 28 adolescent male (age 17 ± 1 years) rugby league players were retrospectively analysed following a 13-week pre-season training period (85 total training observations; 45 field sessions and 40 resistance training sessions). Global positioning system microtechnology, and estimated repetition volume was used to quantify external training load, and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) was used to quantify internal training load. Positional differences (forwards n = 13 and backs n = 15) in training load were established using a linear mixed effect model. Mean weekly training frequency was 7 ± 2 with duration totaling 324 ± 137 minutes, and a mean sRPE of 1562 ± 678 arbitrary units (AU). Backs covered more high-speed distance than forwards in weeks two (p = 0.024), and 11 (p = 0.028). Compared to the forwards, backs completed more lower body resistance training volume in week one (p = 0.02), more upper body volume in week three (p< 0.001) and week 12 (p = 0.005). The findings provide novel data on the field and resistance-based training load undertaken by academy rugby league players across a pre-season period, highlighting relative uniformity between playing positions. Quantifying training load can support objective decision making for the prescription and manipulation of future training, ultimately aiming to maximise training within development pathways.
Global burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization and case fatality rate among COVID-19 vaccinated individuals and its associated factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Nka Alex Durand , Ka’e Aude Christelle , Bouba Yagai , Ngoufack Jagni Semengue Ezechiel , Tommo Tchouaket Michel Carlos , Takou Désiré , Pabo Willy , Fainguem Nadine , Sosso Samuel Martin , Colizzi Vittorio , Perno Carlo-Federico , Fokam Joseph
Published: August 2022

Background

COVID-19 has been the most important public health concern worldwide since 2020. Several vaccines are now available to help in controlling COVID-19 associated morbidity and mortality. This study will aim to provide the global and regional prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as an estimate of disease severity among COVID-19 vaccinated individuals.

Materials and methods

In order to determine the global burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection among vaccinated individuals, we will systematically extract and review papers from PubMed/MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Science direct and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). All the studies describing the prevalence and/or disease severity (hospitalization and case fatality rate) data of COVID-19 among individuals who received a partial or complete dose of WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccines will be eligible. A random effect model will be used to calculate the pooled prevalence and to estimate the disease severity. Subgroup analysis will be performed to explore the association between the number of vaccine doses received and the COVID-19 burdens.

Discussion

This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide the global estimate data on pooled prevalence, hospitalization and case fatality rates of COVID-19 among vaccinated individuals. Moreover, the factors associated with reinfection and disease severity will be equally investigated in the meta-analysis. The results of this study will contribute in the understanding and estimation of the global burden of COVID-19 among vaccinated individuals. Findings will provide meaningful information for the success of the current global rollout of COVID-19 vaccination strategies and pave the way for future interventions.

Systematic review registration

CRD42021273074.
Hospitality futures: Towards a sustainable, healthier and ethical way of catering
Authors: Guachalla Adrian
Published: August 2022

This viewpoint piece aims to draw attention to the opportunities that the development and active promotion of an attractive and nutritionally sound plant-based offer present to the hospitality industry on environmental, health and ethical bases that impact societal well-being. The case for advancing the promotion and normalization of plant-based eating at catering facilities is argued using the threefold dimensions associated with food production. First, the environmental impacts of different food types are discussed. This is followed by an evaluation of health-related debates linked to culinary consumption along with a selection of ethical issues involved in food production systems. This review highlights that the environmental sustainability challenges posed by the animal agricultural sector call for innovative and effective mitigating measures that can be linked to the development and promotion of plant-based food consumption which the hospitality industry can actively promote. From the health perspective, plant-based diets can report health benefits in the prevention and treatment of health conditions, but this requires planning by catering providers for nutritionally adequate and wholesome eating. From the ethical dimension, removing animals from the food chain would not only achieve lesser environmental pressures and social issues associated with the consumption of animal-derived produce. This would also reduce the suffering that sentient beings endure across different stages in food production which in turn can improve the hospitality sector’s corporate image and ethical stance whilst progressing positive social messages on sustainability, ethics and health.
Threat cues in metal’s visual code
Authors: Watier Nicholas
Published: August 2022

Metal music has a signifying visual aesthetic or so-called visual code. In this article, I examine the significance of four primitive visual properties that characterize the code. I propose that the propensity for visual artefacts of metal music to depict low luminance, low colourfulness, redness and angular shapes is because these properties can act as subtle threat cues. As metal music has a preoccupation with threatening themes and sounds, these four properties provide concordant visual information about the affective attributes of the genre. After reviewing the supporting psychological evidence, I conduct a quantitative test of this proposal by comparing album covers from extreme metal bands to those from children’s music, two genres that are opposed to one another in their embrace of a threatening atmosphere. The results indicate that extreme metal album covers are darker, less colourful, redder and feature more angular shapes compared with their children’s counterparts, which suggests that these properties are relied upon to communicate a clear threat signal.
New Opportunities for the Publication Presentation of Ceramic Vessels of the Pazyryk Culture
Authors:   Altai State University, A. Tishkin , S. Bondarenko ,   Altai State University, P. Dashkovskiy ,   Altai State University, J. Mu ,   Altai State University
Published: August 2022

Reviewing the publications, that reflect the finds of the Pazyryk culture ceramic vessels, and work with museum collections along with studying this category of ancient objects revealed the problem of adequate fixation and demonstration of available materials. To solve it, modern digital technologies, adapted to perform the necessary tasks, were involved. The article presents in detail the algorithm of the work performed along with the obtained results and suggests variants of illustrative presentation of an ornamented clay pot. As a sample a vessel from burial mound No. 23 of the Khankarinsky Dol site located in the territory of the North-Western Altai and investigated by the expedition of the Altai State University under the leadership of one of the authors of the article was used. During a comprehensive recording and further modelling, one of the technological methods of Pazyryk pottery manufacturing without a potter’s wheel was revealed. This fact allows paying attention to other similar finds, which amount more than 400 specimens in the database under formation. Th e implemented experience will be used in further work in the study of such massive archaeological sources of the Scythian-Saka time as ceramic vessels.
THE ‘TRI SKALY’ GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA: NEW CHRONOLOGICAL STUDIES
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Y. Antonova , V. Tashak ,   Institute of Mongolism, Buddhology and Tibetology SB RAS, A. Petrozhitskii ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: August 2022

The ‘Tri Skaly’ archaeological multilayered site in Western Transbaikalia is one of the latest discovered which investigations began in 2015. Lower lithological layers at this site contain archaeological materials typical for the Western Transbaikalian Early Upper Palaeolithic and revealed analogies in different areas with the materials of the most investigated sites belonged to this period: Podzvonkaya Eastern Complex, Podzvonkaya South-Eastern Complex, Tolbaga, Kamenka A and others. At the present chronological research concerning initial and early stages of the Upper Palaeolithic provides series of C-14 dates, which falls mostly in the range of 35–40 kya. Based on the morphology and typology of the stone artifacts from the Tri Skaly site lower layers have been dated to the early stage of the Upper Palaeolithic. The first radiocarbon date obtained on the bones from the bottom part of the 4 th lithological layer and indicated the age of 26 kya has put in question the dating made by correlations. New radiocarbon AMS-dates obtained on the bones from the same layer show the correctness of the first interpretation. According to these dates palaeolithic horizons of the Tri Skaly site are reliably dated in the range of 35–40 kya. Calibrated values point to the age near 40 kya as the most valid.
Levantamento florístico de trepadeiras em um remanescente florestal de Cerrado, no município de Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Janilde de Melo , Silva Guilherme Sousa da , Camelo Júnior Antônio Edmilson , Rocha Alexandre Fernando Rodrigues , Gonçalves Anastácia dos Santos , Conceição Gonçalo Mendes da
Published: August 2022

As plantas trepadeiras compõem principalmente as florestas tropicais e são fundamentais na dinâmica das comunidades vegetais. Nas bordas dos fragmentos, contribuem para minimizar o efeito dos ventos nos indivíduos arbóreos e auxilia na manutenção do sombreamento e microclima locais. Neste estudo caracterizamos esta sinúsia em um remanescente de Floresta do Cerrado Maranhense e produzimos uma chave de identificação e pranchas fotográficas para auxiliar na identificação destas plantas. O levantamento florístico foi realizado durante o ano de 2018 a 2021, com coletas aleatórias, por meio de caminhadas nas bordas e no interior da vegetação. Amostramos 34 espécies distribuídas em 13 famílias e 28 gêneros. As famílias mais representativas foram: Bignoniaceae (6 espécies) e Convolvulaceae (6). Quanto à consistência dos ramos verificou-se que das espécies de trepadeiras catalogadas 21 (62%) espécies são herbáceas e 13 (38%) espécies são lenhosas. Já para o mecanismo de escalada das espécies catalogadas o mecanismo volúvel foi o mais representativo com 53% (18 espécies), seguido por preênsil com gavinha com 45% (15 espécies) e apenas uma espécie apresentou o mecanismo escandente (2%). O conhecimento e caracterização das plantas trepadeira é muito importante para a flora local e regional dos remanescentes florestais, pois subsidiam estratégias para a manutenção e conservação desses remanescentes, em especial dos que se encontram no Cerrado Maranhense.
Comediação: Desafios, Aplicação e Cuidados / Co-mediation: Challenges, Application and Care
Authors: Rosa Beatriz Vidigal Xavier da Silveira , Sardinha Flavia Campos , Pinto Maristela Lins
Published: August 2022

Resumo: O presente artigo trata da comediação, de sua aplicação na prática da mediação de conflitos, dos cuidados que se deve ter ao utilizá-la e dos desafios a serem enfrentados em alguns contextos que demandam o uso desta técnica, que pode ser bastante efetiva em diversos casos. Este artigo foi escrito considerando as discussões do Grupo de Estudos Laboratório de Mediação e de experiências práticas de suas autoras. Abstract: This article deals with co-mediation, its application in the practice of conflict mediation, the care that must be taken when using it and the challenges to be faced in some contexts that demand the use of this technique, which can be quite effective in many cases. This article was written considering the discussions of the Mediation Laboratory Study Group and the practical experiences of its authors. Keywords: Mediation; Reflection; Complexity.