bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multivariate Hawkes process for cyber insurance
Authors: Bessy-Roland Yannick , Boumezoued Alexandre , Hillairet Caroline
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we propose a multivariate Hawkes framework for modelling and predicting cyber attacks frequency. The inference is based on a public data set containing features of data breaches targeting the US industry. As a main output of this paper, we demonstrate the ability of Hawkes models to capture self-excitation and interactions of data breaches depending on their type and targets. In this setting, we detail prediction results providing the full joint distribution of future cyber attacks times of occurrence. In addition, we show that a non-instantaneous excitation in the multivariate Hawkes model, which is not the classical framework of the exponential kernel, better fits with our data. In an insurance framework, this study allows to determine quantiles for number of attacks, useful for an internal model, as well as the frequency component for a data breach guarantee.
The development of guiding principles for the proper management of the dead in humanitarian emergencies and help in preventing their becoming missing persons: First Expert's Meeting
Authors:   Conference report
Published: June 2020

Executive summary

When large numbers of people die as a result of humanitarian emergencies, their bodies and remains are often managed with little consideration for their dignity. This may impact the capacity to identify the deceased and prevent them from becoming missing persons. Many of the existing guidelines for managing the dead in emergencies, including those published by the International Police Organization, the World Health Organization and the International Committee of the Red Cross, are accomplished from a technical point of view, but offer little or no specific guidance on guaranteeing respect for the deceased and their remains. In 2018, the Missing Persons Project of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Right to Truth, Truth(s) through Rights project of the University of Geneva convened a meeting of experts to discuss the need for developing guidance to guarantee the dignified treatment of the dead in humanitarian emergencies. Participants identified the need worldwide for a set of general principles to guide practitioners and decision-makers in their efforts to ensure respect for dead persons and human remains in humanitarian emergencies, and recommended their development.
Influence of Experience on the Thought Process of Clinical Psychologists: An Analysis from the Dual-Process Theories Framework
Authors: Nieto Ana M. , Villarejo María R.
Published: June 2020

In the course of their work, psychologists must make judgments and complex decisions, skills that are part of clinical reasoning. Recent models approach the analysis of such process using the dual-process theories framework. This study provides an assessment of the two systems, System 1 and System 2, in forty-five clinical psychologists with different levels of experience (novices, intermediates and experts) with the purpose of exploring their level of activation and evolution throughout such stages of expertise. According to the results, clinical psychologists mainly activate System 2, M = 70.91, SD = 6.71, than System 1, M = 60.49, SD = 3.78;

$ {F}_{\left(1,\kern0.5em 41\right)}=7.99;p<.01;{\upeta}^2=.163, $

when performing their clinical duties. However, no significant changes have been observed regarding the preferential use of thinking Systems 1 or 2 throughout the experience, both systems are used in a similar way in the different levels of expertise analyzed, with an increase of System 2 at the intermediate level of expertise. The results are analyzed in terms of intermediate effect and discussed focusing on the unremitting need for System 2 in psychologist work given the idiosyncratic characteristics of each case requiring treatment in the area of psychology and on the relationship of the two systems in clinical reasoning.
Political Accountability and Democratic Institutions: An Experimental Assessment
Authors: Castillo José Gabriel , Hamman John
Published: June 2020

We study the extent to which centralized democratic institutions enhance collective action under political accountability. In a public goods game with costly punishment, we vary the appointment of one group member to enforce punishment. Specifically, we compare democratically elected punishers to those appointed exogenously, under both single- and multiple-selection environments. We find that democratically appointed sanctioning authority has muted effects on group outcomes; yet, they contribute as much as other group members when facing repeated elections, as opposed to the ones in single selection or exogenously appointed. One important feature of modern governance to discipline authorities is political accountability; when in place, it offers different incentives, and in particular, we observe a responsibility effect reflected in higher contribution behavior. Important in our study results, this effect rises only under a democracy.
The German-Language Short Form of the Big Five Inventory for Children and Adolescents – Other-Rating Version (BFI-K KJ-F)
Authors: Kupper Katharina , Krampen Dorothea , Rammstedt Beatrice , Rohrmann Sonja
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The other-rating version of the Big Five Inventory for Children and Adolescents (BFI-K KJ-F) serves to record the five basic personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness to Experience via reference persons and it is an addition to the German-language self-assessment questionnaire for children and adolescents (BFI-K KJ; Kupper, Krampen, Rammstedt, & Rohrmann, 2019 ). To determine the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire comprising 26 items, personality assessments of 258 reference persons (predominantly parents) of 9–16-year-old children and adolescents ( M = 11.66, SD = 2.04; 52% girls) are available. The reliability of the method could be substantiated by internal consistency analyses (Cronbach’s α = .70–.86 and McDonald’s ω = .71–.86, respectively) and a retest analysis ( rp,tt = .74–.90). The five-factor structure was supported by an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The analyses of age and gender, which were in conformity with literature, as well as the comparison of self- and other-rating, which predominantly showed moderate to high accordance, also speak in favor of validity. The other-rating version of the BFI-K KJ proves to be reliable and valid as well as economic.
Gravimetric Constraints on the Hydrothermal System of the Campi Flegrei Caldera
Authors: Young N. , Isaia R. , Gottsmann J.
Published: June 2020

The Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) has been undergoing unrest over the past five decades including episodes of rapid ground deformation, seismicity, and variations in gas emissions. Hydrothermal fluids and gases are released most vigorously in the central sector of the caldera at the fumarolic fields of Solfatara volcano and Pisciarelli. We conducted a high‐precision gravity survey coupled with inverse modeling to image the shallow (<2‐km depth) structure of the hydrothermal feeder system. Results indicate the presence of three low density bodies beneath Pozzuoli, Astroni volcano and the Solfatara/Pisciarelli fumarolic fields. The first two are inferred to be sealed hydrothermal systems trapped beneath impermeable cap rock, while the latter depicts a plume‐like geothermal feeder system reaching the surface via a combination of Solfatara's maar‐diatreme structure and the intersection of NW‐SE and NE‐SW trending regional faults. The density contrasts of the reservoirs from background values are best explained by a multiphase mixture of caldera fill containing a secondary and interconnected void volume fraction of between 0.2 and 0.3 that hosts a vapor volume fraction ψv of between 0.38 and 1 and a liquid volume fraction ψl fraction of between 0 and 0.62. This work highlights the control of volcano‐tectonic structures on fluid movement in the shallow crust of hydrothermally active volcanic systems undergoing sustained or periodic unrest.
Correction: Development of muscular dystrophy in a CRISPR-engineered mutant rabbit model with frame-disrupting ANO5 mutations
Authors: Sui Tingting , Xu Li , Lau Yeh Siang , Liu Di , Liu Tingjun , Gao Yandi , Lai Liangxue , Han Renzhi , Li Zhanjun
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Hydrolase–like catalysis and structural resolution of natural products by a metal–organic framework
Authors: Mon Marta , Bruno Rosaria , Sanz-Navarro Sergio , Negro Cristina , Ferrando-Soria Jesús , Bartella Lucia , Di Donna Leonardo , Prejanò Mario , Marino Tiziana , Leyva-Pérez Antonio , Armentano Donatella , Pardo Emilio
Published: June 2020

The exact chemical structure of non–crystallising natural products is still one of the main challenges in Natural Sciences. Despite tremendous advances in total synthesis, the absolute structural determination of a myriad of natural products with very sensitive chemical functionalities remains undone. Here, we show that a metal–organic framework (MOF) with alcohol–containing arms and adsorbed water, enables selective hydrolysis of glycosyl bonds, supramolecular order with the so–formed chiral fragments and absolute determination of the organic structure by single–crystal X–ray crystallography in a single operation. This combined strategy based on a biomimetic, cheap, robust and multigram available solid catalyst opens the door to determine the absolute configuration of ketal compounds regardless degradation sensitiveness, and also to design extremely–mild metal–free solid–catalysed processes without formal acid protons.
Highly active deficient ternary sulfide photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Wang Haimei , Xia Yuguo , Li Haiping , Wang Xiang , Yu Yuan , Jiao Xiuling , Chen Dairong
Published: June 2020

The exploration of photoanode materials with high efficiency and stability is the eternal pursuit for the realization of practically solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Here we develop a deficient ternary metal sulfide (CdIn2S4) photoanode, and its PEC performance is significantly enhanced by introducing surface sulfur vacancies, achieving a photocurrent density of 5.73 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE and 1 Sun with an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 2.49% at 0.477 V vs. RHE. The experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations highlight the enhanced effect of surface sulfur vacancies on the interfacial charge separation and transfer kinetics, which also demonstrate the restrained surface states distribution and the transformation of active sites after introducing surface sulfur vacancies. This work may inspire more excellent work on developing sulfide-based photoanodes.
Improving primary care management of asthma: do we know what really works?
Authors: Fletcher Monica J. , Tsiligianni Ioanna , Kocks Janwillem W. H. , Cave Andrew , Chunhua Chi , Sousa Jaime Correia de , Román-Rodríguez Miguel , Thomas Mike , Kardos Peter , Stonham Carol , Khoo Ee Ming , Leather David , van der Molen Thys
Published: June 2020

Asthma imposes a substantial burden on individuals and societies. Patients with asthma need high-quality primary care management; however, evidence suggests the quality of this care can be highly variable. Here we identify and report factors contributing to high-quality management. Twelve primary care global asthma experts, representing nine countries, identified key factors. A literature review (past 10 years) was performed to validate or refute the expert viewpoint. Key driving factors identified were: policy, clinical guidelines, rewards for performance, practice organisation and workforce. Further analysis established the relevant factor components. Review evidence supported the validity of each driver; however, impact on patient outcomes was uncertain. Single interventions (e.g. healthcare practitioner education) showed little effect; interventions driven by national policy (e.g. incentive schemes and teamworking) were more effective. The panel’s opinion, supported by literature review, concluded that multiple primary care interventions offer greater benefit than any single intervention in asthma management.
Lineage dynamics of the endosymbiotic cell type in the soft coral Xenia
Authors: Hu Minjie , Zheng Xiaobin , Fan Chen-Ming , Zheng Yixian
Published: June 2020

Many corals harbour symbiotic dinoflagellate algae. The algae live inside coral cells in a specialized membrane compartment known as the symbiosome, which shares the photosynthetically fixed carbon with coral host cells while host cells provide inorganic carbon to the algae for photosynthesis1. This endosymbiosis—which is critical for the maintenance of coral reef ecosystems—is increasingly threatened by environmental stressors that lead to coral bleaching (that is, the disruption of endosymbiosis), which in turn leads to coral death and the degradation of marine ecosystems2. The molecular pathways that orchestrate the recognition, uptake and maintenance of algae in coral cells remain poorly understood. Here we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of a Xenia species of fast-growing soft coral3, and use this species as a model to investigate coral–alga endosymbiosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified 16 cell clusters, including gastrodermal cells and cnidocytes, in Xenia sp. We identified the endosymbiotic cell type, which expresses a distinct set of genes that are implicated in the recognition, phagocytosis and/or endocytosis, and maintenance of algae, as well as in the immune modulation of host coral cells. By coupling Xenia sp. regeneration and single-cell RNA sequencing, we observed a dynamic lineage progression of the endosymbiotic cells. The conserved genes associated with endosymbiosis that are reported here may help to reveal common principles by which different corals take up or lose their endosymbionts.
Serial scanning electron microscopy of anti-PKHD1L1 immuno-gold labeled mouse hair cell stereocilia bundles
Authors: Ivanchenko Maryna V. , Cicconet Marcelo , Jandal Hoor Al , Wu Xudong , Corey David P. , Indzhykulian Artur A.
Published: June 2020

Serial electron microscopy techniques have proven to be a powerful tool in biology. Unfortunately, the data sets they generate lack robust and accurate automated segmentation algorithms. In this data descriptor publication, we introduce a serial focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) dataset consisting of six outer hair cell (OHC) stereocilia bundles, and the supranuclear part of the hair cell bodies. Also presented are the manual segmentations of stereocilia bundles and the gold bead labeling of PKHD1L1, a coat protein of hair cell stereocilia important for hearing in mice. This depository includes all original data and several intermediate steps of the manual analysis, as well as the MATLAB algorithm used to generate a three-dimensional distribution map of gold labels. They serve as a reference dataset, and they enable reproduction of our analysis, evaluation and improvement of current methods of protein localization, and training of algorithms for accurate automated segmentation.
Author Correction: Ground reference data for sugarcane biomass estimation in São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: Molijn Ramses A. , Iannini Lorenzo , Rocha Jansle Vieira , Hanssen Ramon F.
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Combination of variations in inflammation- and endoplasmic reticulum-associated genes as putative biomarker for bevacizumab response in KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer
Authors: Barat Ana , Smeets Dominiek , Moran Bruce , Zhang Wu , Cao Shu , Das Sudipto , Klinger Rut , Betge Johannes , Murphy Verena , Bacon Orna , Kay Elaine W. , Van Grieken Nicole C. T. , Verheul Henk M. W. , Gaiser Timo , Schulte Nadine , Ebert Matthias P. , Fender Bozena , Hennessy Bryan T. , McNamara Deborah A. , O’Connor Darran , Gallagher William M. , Cremolini Chiara , Loupakis Fotios , Parikh Aparna , Mancao Christoph , Ylstra Bauke , Lambrechts Diether , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Byrne Annette T. , Prehn Jochen H. M.
Published: June 2020

Chemotherapy combined with the angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab (BVZ) is approved as a first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Limited clinical benefit underpins the need for improved understanding of resistance mechanisms and the elucidation of novel predictive biomarkers. We assessed germline single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 180 mCRC patients (Angiopredict [APD] cohort) treated with combined BVZ + chemotherapy and investigated previously reported predictive SNPs. We further employed a machine learning approach to identify novel associations. In the APD cohortIL8rs4073 any A carriers, compared to TT carriers, were associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.51, 95% CI:1.03–2.22,p-value = 0.037) andTBK1rs7486100 TT carriers, compared to any A carriers, were associated with worse PFS inKRASwild-type (wt) patients (HR = 1.94, 95% CI:1.04–3.61,p-value = 0.037), replicating previous findings. Machine learning identified novel associations in genes encoding the inflammasome proteinNLRP1and the ER protein Sarcalumenin (SRL). A negative association between PFS and carriers of any A atNLRP1rs12150220 and AA forSRLrs13334970 in APDKRASwild-type patients (HR = 4.44, 95% CI:1.23–16.13,p-value = 0.005), which validated in two independent clinical cohorts involving BVZ, MAVERICC and TRIBE. Our findings highlight a key role for inflammation and ER signalling underpinning BVZ + chemotherapy responsiveness.
Erythroderma: a prospective study of 309 patients followed for 12 years in a tertiary center
Authors: Miyashiro Denis , Sanches José Antonio
Published: June 2020

Erythroderma is characterized by erythema and scaling affecting more than 80% of the body surface area. It is potentially life-threatening, and diagnosis of the underlying disease is a challenge. Despite laboratory improvements, many cases remain idiopathic. We aimed to analyze clinical and laboratory findings of 309 erythrodermic patients to find clues to the etiologic diagnosis. We performed a prospective study at the University of São Paulo Medical School, from 2007 to 2018, with patients with acquired erythroderma. Clinical, laboratory, histology, and molecular biology data were collected. The median age at diagnosis was 57 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.2. Eczema was the most frequent etiology (20.7%), followed by psoriasis (16.8%), Sézary syndrome (12.3%), drug eruption (12.3%), atopic dermatitis (8.7%), and mycosis fungoides (5.5%). Other diagnoses (6.8%) included pemphigus foliaceous, paraneoplastic erythroderma, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, dermatomyositis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, lichen planus, bullous pemphigoid, and leprosy. In 52 patients (16.8%), it was not possible to elucidate erythroderma etiology. Atopic dermatitis developed erythroderma at an earlier age (median 25 years; P = 0.0001). Acute onset was associated with drug reactions and atopic dermatitis (median time from erythroderma to diagnosis of 1 and 1.5 months, respectively; P = 0.0001). Higher immunoglobulin E levels were observed in atopic dermatitis (median 24,600 U/L; P = 0.0001). Histopathology was helpful and was consistent with the final diagnosis in 72.4%. Monoclonal T-cell proliferation in the skin was observed in mycosis fungoides (33.3%) and Sézary syndrome (90.9%). At the last assessment, 211 patients (69.3%) were alive with disease, 65 (21.7%) were alive without disease, and 27 (9.1%) died with active disease. Erythroderma is a challenging syndrome with a difficult diagnostic approach. Younger age and higher immunoglobulin E levels are associated with atopic dermatitis; acute onset is observed in drug eruptions and atopic dermatitis. Histopathology and molecular biology tests are essential tools in the investigation of erythroderma.
Temporal X-ray Reconstruction using Temporal and Spectral Measurements at LCLS
Authors: Christie Florian , Lutman Alberto Andrea , Ding Yuantao , Huang Zhirong , Jhalani Vatsal A. , Krzywinski Jacek , Maxwell Timothy J. , Ratner Daniel , Rönsch-Schulenburg Juliane , Vogt Mathias
Published: June 2020

Transverse deflecting structures (TDSs) are widely used in accelerator physics to measure the longitudinal density of particle bunches. When used in combination with a dispersive section, the whole longitudinal phase space density can be imaged. At the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), the installation of such a device downstream of the undulators enables the reconstruction of the X-ray temporal intensity profile by comparing longitudinal phase space distributions with lasing on and lasing off. However, the resolution of this TDS is limited to around 1 fs rms (root mean square), and therefore, it is not possible to resolve single self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) spikes within an X-ray photon pulse. By combining the power spectrum from a high resolution photon spectrometer and the temporal structure from the TDS, the overall resolution is enhanced, thus allowing the observation of temporal, single SASE spikes. The combined data from the spectrometer and the TDS is analysed using an iterative algorithm to obtain the actual intensity profile. In this paper, we present some improvements to the reconstruction algorithm as well as real data taken at LCLS.
Quantitative Analysis of Enhancement Intensity and Patterns on Contrast-enhanced Spectral Mammography
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhao Shuang , Huang Juan , Zhang Xueqin , Qin Yun , Zhong Huanhuan , Yu Jianqun
Published: June 2020

CESM is an emerging digital mammography technology with a high breast cancer detection and a limited diagnostic specificity. In order to improve specificity, we quantitatively assessed enhancement intensity of breast lesions with different pathological types and hormonal receptor status and evaluated the consistency of enhancement patterns between CESM and DCE-MRI. A total of 145 lesions were enrolled, consisting of 43 malignant (17 non-infiltrating cancers and 26 infiltrating cancers) and 99 benign lesions. The diagnostic performance of enhancement intensity in the former positions was significantly higher than that in the latter positions (AUC: 0.834 vs. 0.755, p = 0.0008). Infiltrating cancers showed the highest enhancement intensity, while benign lesions the lowest (mean CNR1: 7.6% vs. 2.7%; median CNR1: 6.8% vs. 2.7%). Enhancement intensity of ER or PR positive group was weaker than negative group, while HER-2 positive group was stronger than negative group. 28 patients with 28 lesions performed both CESM and DCE-MRI examinations, showing a coincidence rate of 64.2% and moderate agreement (k = 0.515) between CESM and DCE-MRI. In conclusion, quantitative analysis of enhancement characteristics is feasible to the diagnosis practice on CESM.
Theoretical insights on helix repacking as the origin of P-glycoprotein promiscuity
Authors: Bonito Cátia A. , Ferreira Ricardo J. , Ferreira Maria-José. U. , Gillet Jean-Pierre , Cordeiro M. Natália D. S. , dos Santos Daniel J. V. A.
Published: June 2020

P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) overexpression is, currently, one of the most important multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms in tumor cells. Thus, modulating drug efflux by P-gp has become one of the most promising approaches to overcome MDR in cancer. Yet, more insights on the molecular basis of drug specificity and efflux-related signal transmission mechanism between the transmembrane domains (TMDs) and the nucleotide binding domains (NBDs) are needed to develop molecules with higher selectivity and efficacy. Starting from a murine P-gp crystallographic structure at the inward-facing conformation (PDB ID: 4Q9H), we evaluated the structural quality of the herein generated human P-gp homology model. This initial human P-gp model, in the presence of the “linker” and inserted in a suitable lipid bilayer, was refined through molecular dynamics simulations and thoroughly validated. The best human P-gp model was further used to study the effect of four single-point mutations located at the TMDs, experimentally related with changes in substrate specificity and drug-stimulated ATPase activity. Remarkably, each P-gp mutation is able to induce transmembrane α-helices (TMHs) repacking, affecting the drug-binding pocket volume and the drug-binding sites properties (e.g. volume, shape and polarity) finally compromising drug binding at the substrate binding sites. Furthermore, intracellular coupling helices (ICH) also play an important role since changes in the TMHs rearrangement are shown to have an impact in residue interactions at the ICH-NBD interfaces, suggesting that identified TMHs repacking affect TMD-NBD contacts and interfere with signal transmission from the TMDs to the NBDs.
The role of low Gd concentrations on magnetisation behaviour in rare earth:transition metal alloy films
Authors: Inyang O. , Rafiq A. , Swindells C. , Ali S. , Atkinson D.
Published: June 2020

The magnetisation reversal behaviour as a function of composition was studied in low rare earth concentration alloys. 30 nm thick rare earth:transition-metal films of composition GdxCo100−x, GdxFe100−x and Gdx(Co50Fe50)100−x were prepared by magnetron sputtering, where x ranged from 4 to 13 atomic%. Magnetisation behaviour was studied using MOKE and Hall hysteresis measurements. The magnetic reversal behaviour as a function of Gd content is strongly dependent on the transition metal. With increasing Gd content the film structure transitions from crystalline to amorphous and the saturation magnetisation decreases linearly. For GdCo, the reversal field, Hc, increases by less than a factor of two with Gd doping of 11%, while for Fe, the coercivity falls by a factor of ten with 8% Gd. This may be attributed to changes in the crystalline morphology. GdCoFe shows a similar trend with Gd doping for the in-plane reversal field to that of GdFe. With 13% Gd in Fe there is evidence indicating the presence of a weak perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, PMA. With Gd doping the anomalous Hall resistivity of Co, Fe and CoFe increases significantly with the largest increase observed for GdCoFe.
Distribution of nerve fibers and nerve-immune cell association in mouse spleen revealed by immunofluorescent staining
Authors: Hu Dailun , Al-Shalan Huda A. M. , Shi Zhongli , Wang Penghao , Wu Yongkang , Nicholls Philip K. , Greene Wayne K. , Ma Bin
Published: June 2020

The central nervous system regulates the immune system through the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland and other endocrine organs, while the peripheral nervous system (PNS) communicates with the immune system through local nerve-immune cell interactions, including sympathetic/parasympathetic (efferent) and sensory (afferent) innervation to lymphoid tissue/organs. However, the precise mechanisms of this bi-directional crosstalk of the PNS and immune system remain mysterious. To study this kind of bi-directional crosstalk, we performed immunofluorescent staining of neurofilament and confocal microscopy to reveal the distribution of nerve fibers and nerve-immune cell associations inside mouse spleen. Our study demonstrates (i) extensive nerve fibers in all splenic compartments including the splenic nodules, periarteriolar lymphoid sheath, marginal zones, trabeculae, and red pulp; (ii) close associations of nerve fibers with blood vessels (including central arteries, marginal sinuses, penicillar arterioles, and splenic sinuses); (iii) close associations of nerve fibers with various subsets of dendritic cells, macrophages (Mac1+ and F4/80+), and lymphocytes (B cells, T helper cells, and cytotoxic T cells). Our data concerning the extensive splenic innervation and nerve-immune cell communication will enrich our knowledge of the mechanisms through which the PNS affects the cellular- and humoral-mediated immune responses in healthy and infectious/non-infectious states.
Simulating dissolved 90Sr concentrations within a small catchment in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone using a parametric hydrochemical model
Authors: Igarashi Yasunori , Onda Yuichi , Smith Jim , Obrizan Sergey , Kirieiev Serhii , Demianovych Volodymyr , Laptev Gennady , Bugai Dmitri , Lisovyi Hlib , Konoplev Alexei , Zheleznyak Mark , Wakiyama Yoshifumi , Nanba Kenji
Published: June 2020

Strontium-90 (90Sr) is the major long-lived radionuclide derived from the Chernobyl accident, and is still being detected in the heavily contaminated catchments of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. This study examines the long-term decrease in the dissolved-phase 90Sr concentration and the concentration–discharge (90Sr-Q) relationship in stream water since the accident. We show that the slow decline in 90Sr follows a double-exponential function, and that there is a clear relationship between 90Sr and Q. This study is the first to reveal that the log(90Sr)-log(Q) slope has been gradually decreasing since the accident. This trend persists after decay correction. Thus, it is not caused by the physical decay of 90Sr and environmental diffusion, but implies that the concentration formation processes in stream water have been changing over a long period. We propose a hydrochemical model to explain the time-dependency of the 90Sr-Q relationship. This paper presents a mathematical implementation of the new concept and describes the model assumptions. Our model accurately represents both the long-term 90Sr trend in stream water and the time-dependency of the 90Sr-Q relationship. Although this paper considers a small catchment in Chernobyl, the conceptual model is shown to be applicable to other accidental releases of radionuclides.
The phospholamban p.(Arg14del) pathogenic variant leads to cardiomyopathy with heart failure and is unresponsive to standard heart failure therapy
Authors: Eijgenraam Tim R. , Boukens Bastiaan J. , Boogerd Cornelis J. , Schouten E. Marloes , van de Kolk Cees W. A. , Stege Nienke M. , te Rijdt Wouter P. , Hoorntje Edgar T. , van der Zwaag Paul A. , van Rooij Eva , van Tintelen J. Peter , van den Berg Maarten P. , van der Meer Peter , van der Velden Jolanda , Silljé Herman H. W. , de Boer Rudolf A.
Published: June 2020

Phospholamban (PLN) plays a role in cardiomyocyte calcium handling as primary inhibitor of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). The p.(Arg14del) pathogenic variant in the PLN gene results in a high risk of developing dilated or arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with heart failure. There is no established treatment other than standard heart failure therapy or heart transplantation. In this study, we generated a novel mouse model with the PLN-R14del pathogenic variant, performed detailed phenotyping, and tested the efficacy of established heart failure therapies eplerenone or metoprolol. Heterozygous PLN-R14del mice demonstrated increased susceptibility to ex vivo induced arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy at 18 months of age, which was not accelerated by isoproterenol infusion. Homozygous PLN-R14del mice exhibited an accelerated phenotype including cardiac dilatation, contractile dysfunction, decreased ECG potentials, high susceptibility to ex vivo induced arrhythmias, myocardial fibrosis, PLN protein aggregation, and early mortality. Neither eplerenone nor metoprolol administration improved cardiac function or survival. In conclusion, our novel PLN-R14del mouse model exhibits most features of human disease. Administration of standard heart failure therapy did not rescue the phenotype, underscoring the need for better understanding of the pathophysiology of PLN-R14del-associated cardiomyopathy. This model provides a great opportunity to study the pathophysiology, and to screen for potential therapeutic treatments.
SPOCK1 is a novel inducer of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in drug-induced gingival overgrowth
Authors: Alshargabi Rehab , Sano Tomomi , Yamashita Akiko , Takano Aiko , Sanada Taiki , Iwashita Misaki , Shinjo Takanori , Fukuda Takao , Sanui Terukazu , Kishida Shosei , Nishimura Fusanori
Published: June 2020

Few studies have investigated the role of extracellular-matrix proteoglycans in the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO). SPOCK1 is an extracellular proteoglycan that induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in several cancer cell lines and exhibits protease-inhibitory activity. However, the role of SPOCK1 in non-cancerous diseases such as DIGO has not been well-addressed. We demonstrated that the expression of SPOCK1, TGF-β1, and MMP-9 in calcium channel blocker-induced gingival overgrowth is higher than that in non-overgrowth tissues. Transgenic mice overexpressingSpock1 developed obvious gingival-overgrowth and fibrosis phenotypes, and positively correlated with EMT-like changes. Furthermore,in vitrodata indicated a tri-directional interaction between SPOCK1, TGF-β1, and MMP-9 that led to gingival overgrowth. Our study shows that SPOCK1 up-regulation in a noncancerous disease and SPOCK1-induced EMT in gingival overgrowth occurs via cooperation and crosstalk between several potential signaling pathways. Therefore, SPOCK1 is a novel therapeutic target for gingival overgrowth and its expression is a potential risk of EMT induction in cancerous lesions.
Comorbidities of Patients with Functional Somatic Syndromes Before, During and After First Diagnosis: A Population-based Study using Bavarian Routine Data
Authors: Donnachie Ewan , Schneider Antonius , Enck Paul
Published: June 2020

Functional somatic syndromes (FSS) are characterised by the presence of one or multiple chronic symptoms that cannot be attributed to a known somatic disease. They are thought to arise though a complex interaction of biological and psychosocial factors, but it is unclear whether they share a common aetiology. One hypothesis supported by recent studies is that the FSS are postinfectious disorders, as is widely recognised for a subset of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Our study used claims data submitted by office-based physicians to compare groups of patients with different FSS in the five years before and after the point of first diagnosis. Even five years prior to diagnosis, FSS patients consulted more frequently for a range of psychological and somatic conditions than did controls. Following diagnosis, consultation rates increased further and remained persistently high. Five years after diagnosis, between 34% (somatization disorder) and 66% (fibromyalgia) of patients were still being treated for the condition. Both prior gastrointestinal and upper-respiratory infection were associated with an increased risk of developing an FSS. We therefore recommend that patients at risk should be identified at an early stage and the underlying psychosocial and somatic issues addressed to prevent progression of the condition.
Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in sepsis due to community-acquired pneumonia is associated with increased morbidity and an immunosuppressed host transcriptomic endotype
Authors: Goh Cyndi , Burnham Katie L. , Ansari M. Azim , de Cesare Mariateresa , Golubchik Tanya , Hutton Paula , Overend Lauren E. , Davenport Emma E. , Hinds Charles J. , Bowden Rory , Knight Julian C.
Published: June 2020

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation is common in sepsis patients but the extent and nature of this remains unresolved. We sought to determine the incidence and correlates of EBV-positivity in a large sepsis cohort. We also hypothesised that EBV reactivation would be increased in patients in whom relative immunosuppression was the major feature of their sepsis response. To identify such patients we aimed to use knowledge of sepsis response subphenotypes based on transcriptomic studies of circulating leukocytes, specifically patients with a Sepsis Response Signature endotype (SRS1) that we have previously shown to be associated with increased mortality and features of immunosuppression. We assayed EBV from the plasma of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis due to community-acquired pneumonia. In total 730 patients were evaluated by targeted metagenomics (n = 573 patients), digital droplet PCR (n = 565), or both (n = 408). We had previously analysed gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes for a subset of individuals (n = 390). We observed a 37% incidence of EBV-positivity. EBV reactivation was associated with longer ICU stay (12.9 vs 9.2 days; p = 0.004) and increased organ failure (day 1 SOFA score 6.9 vs 5.9; p = 0.00011). EBV reactivation was associated with the relatively immunosuppressed SRS1 endotype (p = 0.014) and differential expression of a small number of biologically relevant genes. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that viral reactivation in sepsis is a consequence of immune compromise and is associated with increasing severity of illness although further mechanistic studies are required to definitively illustrate cause and effect.
Advanced characterization of surface-modified nanoparticles and nanofilled antibacterial dental adhesive resins
Authors: Esteban Florez Fernando Luis , Trofimov Artem A. , Ievlev Anton , Qian Shuo , Rondinone Adam Justin , Khajotia Sharukh Soli
Published: June 2020

Nanotechnology can improve the performance of dental polymers. The objective of this study was to modify the surfaces of nanoparticles with silanes and proteins, characterize nanoparticles’ agglomeration levels and interfaces between nanoparticles and the polymeric matrix. Undoped (n-TiO2), nitrogen-doped (N_TiO2) and nitrogen-fluorine co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NF_TiO2) were synthesized and subjected to surface modification procedures in preparation for Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) characterizations. Experimental adhesives were manually synthesized by incorporating 20% (v/v) of n-TiO2, N_TiO2 or NF_TiO2 (as-synthesized or surface-modified) into OptiBond Solo Plus (OPTB). Specimens (n = 15/group; d = 6.0 mm, t = 0.5 mm) of OPTB and experimental adhesives were characterized using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), 2-D ToF-SIMS chemical imaging and SANS. SAXS results indicated that surface-modified nanoparticles displayed higher scattering intensities in a particle-size dependent manner. ToF-SIMS results demonstrated that nanoparticles’ incorporation did not adversely impact the parental polymer. 2-D ToF-SIMS chemical imaging demonstrated the distribution of Ti+ and confirmed nitrogen-doping levels. SANS results confirmed nanoparticles’ functionalization and revealed the interfaces between nanoparticles and the polymer matrix. Metaloxide nanoparticles were successfully fabricated, incorporated and covalently functionalized in a commercial dental adhesive resin, thereby supporting the utilization of nanotechnology in dentistry.
Dysregulation of peripheral expression of the YWHA genes during conversion to psychosis
Authors: Demars Fanny , Kebir Oussama , Marzo Aude , Iftimovici Anton , Schramm Catherine ,   ICAAR Study Group, Amado Isabelle , Bourgin Julie , Daban Huard Claire , Jantac Mam-Lam-Fook Célia , Plaze Marion , Rivollier Fabrice , Krebs Marie-Odile , Chaumette Boris
Published: June 2020

The seven human 14-3-3 proteins are encoded by the YWHA-gene family. They are expressed in the brain where they play multiple roles including the modulation of synaptic plasticity and neuronal development. Previous studies have provided arguments for their involvement in schizophrenia, but their role during disease onset is unknown. We explored the peripheral-blood expression level of the seven YWHA genes in 92 young individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR). During the study, 36 participants converted to psychosis (converters) while 56 did not (non-converters). YWHA genes expression was evaluated at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 10.3 months using multiplex quantitative PCR. Compared with non-converters, the converters had a significantly higher baseline expression levels for 5 YWHA family genes, and significantly different longitudinal changes in the expression of YWHAE, YWHAG, YWHAH, YWHAS and YWAHZ. A principal-component analysis also indicated that the YWHA expression was significantly different between converters and non-converters suggesting a dysregulation of the YWHA co-expression network. Although these results were obtained from peripheral blood which indirectly reflects brain chemistry, they indicate that this gene family may play a role in psychosis onset, opening the way to the identification of prognostic biomarkers or new drug targets.
Publisher Correction: Syngeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Immune Rejection After Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Allogeneic Cardiomyocyte Transplantation
Authors: Yoshida Shohei , Miyagawa Shigeru , Toyofuku Toshihiko , Fukushima Satsuki , Kawamura Takuji , Kawamura Ai , Kashiyama Noriyuki , Nakamura Yuki , Toda Koichi , Sawa Yoshiki
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Sensitive determination of formamidopyrimidine DNA glucosylase based on phosphate group-modulated multi-enzyme catalysis and fluorescent copper nanoclusters
Authors: Li Junyao , Zhang Mengyang , Wang Huaisheng , Wu Jie , Zheng Ruixue , Zhang Jiahui , Li Yan , Wang Zhaoyin , Dai Zhihui
Published: June 2020

An approach for the quantification of formamidopyrimidine DNA glucosylase is designed based on phosphate group-modulated multi-enzyme catalysis and fluorescent copper nanoclusters.
mTORC1-dependent TFEB nucleus translocation and pro-survival autophagy induced by zeolitic imidazolate framework-8
Authors: Ding He , Song Yang , Huang Xiaowan , Wang Liansheng , Luo Shanzi , Zhang Hao , Pan Hao , Jiang Wenwei , Qian Jing , Yao Guangyu , Wen Longping , Zhang Yunjiao
Published: June 2020

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, the famous metal–organic framework, facilitated mTORC1-dependent TFEB nucleus translocation and pro-survival autophagy in HeLa cells.
One electron reduction transforms high-valent low-spin cobalt alkylidene into high-spin cobalt(ii) carbene radical
Authors: Grass Amanda , Bellow James A. , Morrison Gregory , zur Loye Hans-Conrad , Lord Richard L. , Groysman Stanislav
Published: June 2020

Synthesis, electronic structure, and reactivity of a novel Co(ii) carbene radical in the bis(alkoxide) ligand environment are reported.
Correction: Chemical synthesis of human trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) and its homodimer provides novel insights into their mechanisms of action
Authors: Braga Emidio Nayara , Baik Hayeon , Lee David , Stürmer René , Heuer Jörn , Elliott Alysha G. , Blaskovich Mark A. T. , Haupenthal Katharina , Tegtmeyer Nicole , Hoffmann Werner , Schroeder Christina I. , Muttenthaler Markus
Published: June 2020

Correction for ‘Chemical synthesis of human trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) and its homodimer provides novel insights into their mechanisms of action’ by Nayara Braga Emidio et al., Chem. Commun., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/D0CC02321C.
3D-printed total consumption microflow nebuliser development for trace element analysis in organic matrices via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Garcia-Montoto Victor , Mallet Sylvain , Arnaudguilhem Carine , Christensen Jan H. , Bouyssiere Brice
Published: June 2020

A new total consumption micronebuliser for ICP-MS was developed and optimised in this work.
High-speed photographic study of vaporclouds from wet droplets and the subsequent solid particles in an inductively coupled plasma
Authors: Ebert Christopher H. , Saetveit Nathan J. , Bajic Stanley J. , Zamzow Daniel S. , Baldwin David P. , Houk R. S.
Published: June 2020

Horizontal ICP with large droplet cloud showing YO and neutral Y emission.
Bonding between electron-deficient atoms: strong Lewis-acid character preserved in X–Y–X (X = B, Al; Y = Be, Mg) bridges
Authors: Ferrer Maxime , Montero-Campillo M. Merced , Mó Otilia , Yáñez Manuel , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José
Published: June 2020

Beryllium bis(diazaborolyl) derivatives and their Mg and Al-containing analogues are stable compounds stabilized through covalent bonds between electron-deficient atoms, and behave as good Lewis acids.
Construction of heterostructured NiFe2O4-C nanorods by transition metal recycling from simulated electroplating sludge leaching solution for high performance lithium ion batteries
Authors: Lei Xueqian , Li Youpeng , Weng Changzhou , Liu Yanzhen , Liu Weizhen , Hu Junhua , Yang Chenghao , Lin Zhang , Liu Meilin
Published: June 2020

This work provides a potential direction for high performance lithium ion battery anodes by recycling metals from electroplating sludge.
Boosting perovskite nanomorphology and charge transport properties via a functional D–π-A organic layer at the absorber/hole transporter interface
Authors: Elsenety Mohamed M. , Stergiou Anastasios , Sygellou Labrini , Tagmatarchis Nikos , Balis Nikolaos , Falaras Polycarpos
Published: June 2020

The coating of perovskites with D35 improves the performance of PSCs. D35 plays a versatile functional role.
In situ modification of BiVO4 nanosheets on graphene for boosting photocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Pan Jian , Li Xin , Meng Xin , Yuan Hao , Li Yao , Zhao Yixin , Wang Dawei , Ma Jun , Zhu Shenmin , Kong Lingti
Published: June 2020

We propose an innovative in situ modification strategy for constructing ultrapure BiVO4 nanosheets on graphene toward accelerated photocatalytic water oxidation reaction.
New inhibitors for the BPTF bromodomain enabled by structural biology and biophysical assay development
Authors: Ycas Peter D. , Zahid Huda , Chan Alice , Olson Noelle M. , Johnson Jorden A. , Talluri Siva K. , Schonbrunn Ernst , Pomerantz William C. K.
Published: June 2020

We report the first set of small molecule co-crystal structures with the bromodomain of BPTF and describe several new leads for chemical probe development.
First-generation species-selective chemical probes for fluorescence imaging of human senescence-associated β-galactosidase
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Qiu Wenjing , Li Jinwen , Chen Xi , Hu Yulu , Gao Ying , Shi Donglei , Li Xinming , Lin Huiling , Hu Zelan , Dong Guoqiang , Sheng Chunquan , Jiang Bei , Xia Conglong , Kim Chu-Young , Guo Yuan , Li Jian
Published: June 2020

The first-generation chemical probes for species-selective fluorescence imaging of human senescence-associated β-galactosidase are developed.
In situ encapsulated and well dispersed Co3O4 nanoparticles as efficient and stable electrocatalysts for high-performance CO2 reduction
Authors: Yang Hengpan , Yu Xinyao , Shao Jie , Liao Jingxuan , Li Guodong , Hu Qi , Chai Xiaoyao , Zhang Qianling , Liu Jianhong , He Chuanxin
Published: June 2020

A space-confined Co/CNT catalyst was utilized for CO2 electroreduction with excellent efficiency and stability.
The rise of aqueous rechargeable batteries with organic electrode materials
Authors: Han Cuiping , Zhu Jiaxiong , Zhi Chunyi , Li Hongfei
Published: June 2020

This review provides timely access to state-of-the-art advances of organic electrode materials in aqueous rechargeable batteries.
Anode potential controlled charging prevents lithium plating
Authors: Rangarajan Sobana P. , Barsukov Yevgen , Mukherjee Partha P.
Published: June 2020

We report a novel anode potential controlled charging strategy for lithium-ion cells which eliminates lithium plating under most aggressive conditions, such as at low temperatures.
Nanostructured semiconductor supported iron catalysts for heterogeneous photo-Fenton oxidation: a review
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Zhang Xiangcheng , Zhang Yi , Wang Ying , Sun Sheng-Peng , Wu Winston Duo , Wu Zhangxiong
Published: June 2020

This review summarizes the typical progress in nanostructured semiconductor supported iron catalysts and their applications in heterogeneous photo-Fenton oxidation.
Antibiotic resistance mitigation: the development of alternative general strategies
Authors: Riduan Siti Nurhanna , Armugam Arunmozhiarasi , Zhang Yugen
Published: June 2020

Antibiotics and their resistant bacterial strains are akin to the spear and shield paradox. In this paper, we highlight a few alternative strategies as sharpened spears that can face the challenges of evolving impermeable shields.