bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
At 120 msec You Can Spot the Animal but You Don't Yet Know It's a Dog
Authors: Wu Chien-Te , Crouzet Sébastien M. , Thorpe Simon J. , Fabre-Thorpe Michele
Published: November 2014

Earlier studies suggested that the visual system processes information at the basic level (e.g., dog) faster than at the subordinate (e.g., Dalmatian) or superordinate (e.g., animals) levels. However, the advantage of the basic category over the superordinate category in object recognition has been challenged recently, and the hierarchical nature of visual categorization is now a matter of debate. To address this issue, we used a forced-choice saccadic task in which a target and a distractor image were displayed simultaneously on each trial and participants had to saccade as fast as possible toward the image containing animal targets based on different categorization levels. This protocol enables us to investigate the first 100–120 msec, a previously unexplored temporal window, of visual object categorization. The first result is a surprising stability of the saccade latency (median RT ∼155 msec) regardless of the animal target category and the dissimilarity of target and distractor image sets. Accuracy was high (around 80% correct) for categorization tasks that can be solved at the superordinate level but dropped to almost chance levels for basic level categorization. At the basic level, the highest accuracy (62%) was obtained when distractors were restricted to another dissimilar basic category. Computational simulations based on the saliency map model showed that the results could not be predicted by pure bottom–up saliency differences between images. Our results support a model of visual recognition in which the visual system can rapidly access relatively coarse visual representations that provide information at the superordinate level of an object, but where additional visual analysis is required to allow more detailed categorization at the basic level.
Searching for Inefficiency in Visual Search
Authors: Christie Gregory J. , Livingstone Ashley C. , McDonald John J.
Published: November 2014

The time required to find an object of interest in the visual field often increases as a function of the number of items present. This increase or inefficiency was originally interpreted as evidence for the serial allocation of attention to potential target items, but controversy has ensued for decades. We investigated this issue by recording ERPs from humans searching for a target in displays containing several differently colored items. Search inefficiency was ascribed not to serial search but to the time required to selectively process the target once found. Additionally, less time was required for the target to “pop out” from the rest of the display when the color of the target repeated across trials. These findings indicate that task relevance can cause otherwise inconspicuous items to pop out and highlight the need for direct neurophysiological measures when investigating the causes of search inefficiency.
Phylogeography of grass snakes (Natrix natrix) all around the Baltic Sea: implications for the Holocene colonization of Fennoscandia
Authors: Kindler Carolin , Bringsøe Henrik , Fritz Uwe
Published: November 2014

We show that Fennoscandia was invaded in the Holocene by three distinct
mitochondrial lineages of Natrix natrix. Two of these lineages
arrived from the south, and one from the east. One of the ‘southern
lineages’ is confined to Gotland, where also the second ‘southern
lineage’ is found. The latter is widely distributed in the southwestern
Baltic region, western Fennoscandia and on the Åland Islands, while the
other lineage present on Gotland is only known from a few sites in the Baltic
region. In addition, we recorded a third mitochondrial lineage in southern
continental Finland, which was previously unknown from Fennoscandia. This
lineage also occurs in the southeastern Baltic region and further east,
suggesting that southern Finland was colonized from the east. Thus, the
phylogeography of N. natrix matches a general paradigm for
Fennoscandia, with Holocene invasions from the south and east.
Sociology’s Blind Eye for Happiness
Authors: Veenhoven Ruut
Published: November 2014

Empirical studies on happiness have found that: a) most people are happy in modern nations, b) average happiness in nations is rising, c) inequality in happiness is going down, d) happiness depends heavily on the kind of society one lives in, but e) not very much on one’s place in society. These remarkable findings are largely ignored in sociology, if not denied. This has several reasons. One reason is professional bias: most sociologists earn their living dealing with social problems are therefore not apt to see that people flourish. Another reason is ideological: many sociologists are ‘critical’ of modern society and can therefore hardly imagine that people thrive in these conditions. Lastly, some sociological theories play them false, in particular cognitive theories implying that happiness is relative. These theories and the evidence against them are discussed in this paper.
On the Assessment of ‘Civilizations’ in Political Culture Research. Criticism and Alternative
Authors: Schubert Sophia
Published: November 2014

Since Huntington proclaimed the political relevance of ‘civilizations’, the concept has been popular in political culture research. However, it lacks precision and is used inconsistently in interpreting global cultural (dis)similarities. This article aims to illustrate how these flaws can be avoided. First, the broad rubric of civilization is specified and differentiated from political culture. Then, the (dis)similarities of 39 countries in terms of political culture are visualized in a two-dimensional space using data from the World Values Survey (2005–08). The description of the countries’ configuration reveals a specific ‘liberal-democratic culture area’ and the configuration’s additional visual interpretation with both the civilization rubric and two of its core elements is more informative than the use of ‘civilization’ alone.
Narrating the Brain
Authors: Hess Jacob Z. , Gantt Edwin E. , Lacasse Jeffrey R. , Vierling-Claassen Nathan
Published: November 2014

Public conversation about biological contributors to mental disorder often centers on whether the problem is “biological or not.” In this paper, we propose moving beyond this bifurcation to a very different question:how exactlyare these problems understood to be biological? Specifically, we consider four issues around which different interpretations of the body’s relationship to mental disorder exist:1. The body’s relationship to day-to-day action; 2. The extent to which the body is changeable; 3. The body’s relationship to context; 4. The degree to which states of the body directly cause mental disorder.Drawing on the work of Merleau-Ponty and other phenomenologists, we examine different responses to these questions and associated implications for how mental health treatment and recovery come to be experienced. Finally, we consider broader questions these patterns raise, including why certain portrayals of the brain dominate public attention and how to foster more deliberation in this regard.
John Locke’s “New Method of Making Common-Place-Books”: Tradition, Innovation and Epistemic Effects
Authors: Stolberg Michael
Published: November 2014

In 1676, the English physician and philosopher John Locke published a new method of commonplacing. He had developed this method and, in particular, a new approach to organizing and indexing the entries, in the course of 25 years of personal note-taking and it proved quite influential. This paper presents the three major approaches to commonplacing as practiced by physicians and other scholars before Locke – the systematic or textbook approach, the alphabetical approach and the sequential or index-based approach – and it analyzes the ways in which Locke himself applied them in his own commonplace books. In comparison with established approaches, his new method offered a maximum degree of flexibility while facilitating the later retrieval of notes and minimising waste of space and paper. Thanks to these features, it was particularly well suited for physicians and natural philosophers who were interested in the infinite variety of natural particulars rather than in elegant quotes on a very limited set of classical topics. In conclusion, the potential epistemic impact of commonplacing on early modern medicine and natural philosophy is discussed, in particular its importance for contemporary debates about species and disease entities and for the emergence of the notion of “facts.”
Sauvages’ Paperwork: How Disease Classification Arose from Scholarly Note-Taking
Authors: Hess Volker , Mendelsohn J. Andrew
Published: November 2014

What was classification as it first took modern form in the eighteenth century, and how did it relate to earlier ways of describing and ordering? We offer new answers to these questions by examining medicine rather than botany and by reconstructing practice on paper. First among disease classifications was the ‘nosology’ of the Montpellier physician François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix. Analysis of his hitherto unstudied notebooks and of the nosology’s many editions (1731-1772) shows that Boissier de Sauvages broke with earlier physicians’ humanistic ordering of disease while sustaining the paper practices they had used. Scientific method was scholarly method. Classification arose through an incomplete break with, and intensified practice of, a past library-based way of ordering the described world. A new empiricism of generalizations (species) arose out of an older one of particulars (observationes). This happened through the rewriting – not the replacement – of the canon of disease knowledge since antiquity and its reordering on the printed page.
Southeast Asian Perspectives on un Peacekeeping
Authors: Cook Alistair D. B.
Published: November 2014

Since the 1950s both Indonesia and Malaysia have contributed to United Nations peace operations across the world to varying degrees. Both states have contributed to regional peace initiatives as well; again to varying degrees and levels of success. These regional initiatives are seen through the prism of greater regionalism, which reflects a shift in focus to regional organisations in the pursuit of peace. Furthermore, understanding the motivations and decisions to contribute to peace operations requires a multifocal lens that recognises the various manifestations of this commitment and identifies the salient motivations behind these decisions. This lens illustrates that both competition and cooperation co-exist in the Indonesian and Malaysian decisions to contribute to peace operations in pursuit of increased political legitimacy in the global system.
Australia and Peacekeeping
Authors: Londey Peter
Published: November 2014

This article traces the history of Australian peacekeeping since its beginnings in September 1947. It shows that, while there have always been Australian peacekeepers in the field since 1947, the level of commitment in different periods has varied greatly. The article sets out to explain this phenomenon, chiefly in political terms. It argues that Australia’s early involvement in the invention of peacekeeping owed much to External Affairs Minister H.V. Evatt’s interest in multilateralism, but that under the subsequent conservative Menzies government a new focus on alliance politics produced mixed results in terms of peacekeeping commitments. By contrast, in the 1970s and early 1980s, for different reasons Prime Ministers Whitlam and Fraser pursued policies which raised Australia’s peacekeeping profile. After a lull in the early years of the Hawke Labor government, the arrival of internationalist Gareth Evans as Foreign Minister signalled a period of intense peacekeeping activity by Australia. For different, regionally-focused reasons, Australia was again active in peacekeeping in the late 1990s and early 2000s. In recent years, however, Australia’s heavy commitment to Middle East wars has reduced its peacekeeping contribution once again to a low level.
Responsibility of the Netherlands for the Genocide in Srebrenica
Authors: Spijkers Otto
Published: November 2014

This article compares the recent judgment of the District Court in The Hague in the case of the Mothers ofSrebrenica Association et al. v. the Netherlands (“Mothers of Srebrenica”) with the judgments of the Dutch Supreme Court of last year in the cases of Mustafić and Nuhanović v. the State of the Netherlands. In both cases the Dutch courts had to address the question of attribution—can you attribute the acts of the Dutch un peacekeepers to the Netherlands? And the Dutch courts needed to assess the wrongfulness of the conduct of the Dutch peacekeepers.
Modernist Reform and Independence Movements
Authors: Charles Weller R.
Published: November 2014

This article makes initial observations on various historical relations and analogical comparisons between the Central Asian Muslim and Korean modernist reform and independence movements from 1850 to 1940. It presents a more nuanced and integrated understanding of Asian and world history as it took shape across “the long 19th century” while also laying ground work for further research. It introduces newly translated Kazakh and Turkish source material, particularly that of Ibrai Altinsarin, the Kazakh modernist educator, and Abdurreshid Ibrahim, the Turkic-Tatar advocate of Japanese-led Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asian cooperation. The essay follows a historical, rather than analogical approach, placing each movement respectively in its broader shared Asian and world historical context, leaving the reader to discern points of comparison and contrast. It argues first that certain Central Asian and Korean reform and independence leaders not only were aware of and sympathetic toward one another’s predicaments, but encountered one another, particularly in Russian Asia, Manchuria, Japan, and even Korea. Second, both came under the direct influence of a significant number of the same sources, particularly Meiji Japan.
Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species
Authors: SCHWARZHANS WERNER
Published: November 2014

The fishes of the genus Hymenocephalus live over continental slope terrain, chiefly between 300 and 1000 m water depths, in all tropical oceans, except the eastern Pacific. They are characterized by an elongated light organ with two lenses, striations on jugular and thorax, and by an extraordinary development of sensory reception organs: strongly enlarged eyes, exceptionally large and specialized sagittal otoliths and extremely wide and deep head canals resembling caverns and housing the cephalic sensory organ for motion reception (lateral line system).        The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential that a detailed analysis of the head and otolith morphology can offer for distinguishing the various species and assessment of their interrelationships. About 500 specimens were investigated, representing all 22 nominal species of the genus Hymenocephalus, except for H. barbatulus (specimens of which could not be located), the two species of the related genus Hymenogadus and three of the four species of Spicomacrurus.  Because of the delicate and thin nature of the head bones and head skin typical for the fishes of the genus Hymenocephalus and the deteriorating effects of formalin to the aragonitic otoliths, only a fraction of the studied specimens actually contributed useful data, although that fraction represented all species studied.        Otoliths in particular and aspects of the cephalic canal system were found to contribute additional characters that help to verify the status of certain controversial species such as H. heterolepis, H. nascens and species within the H. striatissimus and H. grimaldii Groups. Hymenocephalus longiceps is revised to represent a junior synonym of H. longibarbis. Eight species groups are defined within the genus Hymenocephalus. Three new species are being described in the course of this review: H. iwamotoi from off northwestern Australia, H. sazonovi from the Sala y Gomez and Nazca Ridges, and H. punt from northern Somalia and the Gulf of Aden, now raising the count of valid species in the genus to a total of 24.        The specializations of the sensory reception organs show a variety of developments with well-expressed phylogenetic polarities that are discussed in the context of their evolution and interrelationships. A well-documented case of polarity reversal of certain characters in the H. aterrimus Group is interpreted as a functional adaptation to migration of these fishes into a deeper water environment that favors different specializations of the sensory reception.
Review of the genus Cystomutilla André, 1896 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Sphaeropthalminae: Sphaeropthalmini), with description of the new genus Hemutilla gen. nov. and four new species from China
Authors: TU BIN-BIN , LELEJ ARKADY S. , CHEN XUE-XIN
Published: November 2014

The species of the genus Cystomutilla André, 1896 are reviewed. A new genus Hemutilla Lelej, Tu et Chen, gen. nov. (type species Hemutilla granulata Tu, Lelej et Chen, sp. nov.) and four new species: H. tuberculata Tu, Lelej et Chen, sp. nov. (China: Henan, Shaanxi), H. ferrugineipes Tu, Lelej et Chen, sp. nov. (China: Hunan), H. granulata Tu, Lelej et Chen, sp. nov. (China: Zhejiang), and H. cheni Tu et Lelej, sp. nov. (China: Fujian) are described and illustrated. New combinations are proposed for Hemutilla hoozana (Zavattari, 1913), comb. nov. and H. bifurcata (Chen, 1957), comb. nov. A key to males and females of two species of Cystomutilla André and six species of Hemutilla gen. nov. is given.
The Liothrips-lineage of thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Iran with the first record of micropterous morph of a Liothrips species
Authors: MINAEI KAMBIZ , MOUND LAURENCE
Published: November 2014

A key is provided to the three Phlaeothripinae genera of the Liothrips-lineage known from Iran, Cephalothrips, Liothrips, and Liophloeothrips. Ataliothrips is placed as a new synonym of Liothrips, and the micropterous morph of L. reuteri described, this morph being unique among species of Liothrips. Illustrated keys are provided to the species of these genera recorded from Iran, all of which are considered to be leaf-feeding. In addition, a key is provided to the three species of Liophloeothrips from Europe, because L. hungaricus has been recorded from Iran although with no known voucher specimens.
Przemiany utopii w chorwackiej prozie insularnej drugiej połowy XX i początku XXI wieku na wybranych przykładach
Authors: Boguska Anna
Published: November 2014

Transformations of utopia in the Croatian insular prose of the second half of 20th and the first half of the 21st centuries based on examplesThe article is an attempt to show a different means of presenting the newest Croatian literature than through topics such as the problem of the country’s national tradition, patriotism, post-communism, and issues of identity and emigration, which seems to be the most popular tendency among Polish researchers. Placing her research in the regionalistic stream, the author of the article discusses Croatian insular prose through the category of utopia. She sees The lost homeland [Izgubljeni zavičaj] by Slobodan Novak as an example of modern utopia, interprets The Island of Dreams [Otok snova] by Damir Miloš as a postmodern dystopia and perceives A Guide Across the Island [Vodič po otoku] by Senko Karuza as a vision of a new, post-postmodern type of utopia. Przemiany utopii w chorwackiej prozie insularnej drugiej połowy XX i początku XXI wieku na wybranych przykładachArtykuł jest próbą pokazania innego sposobu prezentowania najnowszej literatury chor­wackiej aniżeli poprzez takie tematy jak problematyka narodowej tradycji kraju, patriotyzm, postkomunizm, kwestie tożsamości i emigracji, co wydaje się najbardziej popularną tendencją wśród polskich badaczy. Autor artykułu, wpisując swoje badanie w nurt regionalistyczny, omawia chorwacką prozę insularną poprzez kategorię utopii. Izgubljeni zavičaj Slobodana Novaka widzi jako przykład utopii modernistycznej, Otok snova Damira Miloša interpretuje jako postmodernistyczną dystopię, zaś Vodič po otoku Senka Karuzy postrzega jako wizję nowego rodzaju utopii post-postmodernistycznej.
Gorycz zatrzymanego czasu. "Mirra, kadzidło i złoto"
Authors: Pająk Patrycjusz
Published: November 2014

The bitterness of suspended time. "Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh" This article discusses the Croatian film "Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh", directed by Ante Babaja (1971). The film is a response to the unrealised vision of a communist utopia. It is set on a Dalmatian island during the era of real socialism. According to communist propaganda, real socialism is the fulfilled utopia, meaning the end of history. In Babaja’s interpretation, the end of history does not involve the victory of communism, but rather its defeat and the return of Catholic tradition as the only unquestionable value making sluggish, socialist everyday life possible to accept, since it gives sense and order to an axiologically degraded and alienated world.In this insular world, it is the traditional past and not the communist future which becomes an eternal present. Remaining outside of time among the relics of tradition is the only option in a situation where communist progress fails to produce the desired results. Tradition does not promise a new wonderful world and does not fix the current world, but it ensures balance between its contradictions. This situation leads to bitterness, since accepting it requires the acceptance of its dark side. The ironic attitude towards the Catholic tradition which is predominant in the first half of the film, turns into bitter affirmation of tradition in the second. Gorycz zatrzymanego czasu. "Mirra, kadzidło i złoto"Artykuł poświęcony jest chorwackiemu filmowi "Mirra, kadzidło i złoto", wyreżysero­wanemu przez Ante Babaję w 1971 roku. Film stanowi odpowiedź na niespełnioną wizję utopii komunistycznej. Jego akcja rozgrywa się na dalmatyńskiej wyspie w okresie realnego socjalizmu. Wedle komunistycznej propagandy realny socjalizm to urzeczywistniona utopia, co oznacza, że historia się skończyła. W interpretacji Babai koniec historii nie wiąże się ze zwycięstwem komunizmu, lecz z jego klęską i powrotem tradycji katolickiej, która okazuje się jedyną niekwestionowaną wartością, ponieważ gnuśną, socjalistyczną codzienność czyni możliwą do zaakceptowania. Zapewnia poczucie istnienia jakiegoś porządku i sensu w świecie aksjologicznie zdegradowanym i wyobcowanym.W wyspiarskim świecie to nie przyszłość, ale przeszłość staje się wieczną teraźniejszością. Trwanie poza czasem pośród reliktów tradycji jest jedynym wyjściem w sytuacji, w której komu­nistyczny postęp nie przynosi pożądanych rezultatów. Tradycja nie obiecuje nowego wspaniałego świata ani nie naprawia świata zastanego, ale zapewnia równowagę między rozdzierającymi go sprzecznościami. Ten stan rzeczy wywołuje gorycz, ponieważ jego akceptacja oznacza też koniecz­ność akceptacji jego mrocznej strony. Przeważająca w pierwszej połowie filmu ironiczna postawa wobec tradycji katolickiej w jego drugiej połowie przechodzi w gorzką afirmację tej tradycji.
Cyrk jako parodia komunizmu. Powieść "Kloktat dehet" Jáchyma Topola
Authors: Siedlecka Sylwia
Published: November 2014

Circus as parody of communism. Gargling with Tar by Jáchym TopolThis article deals with humanism in Jáchym Topol’s novel Gargling with Tar (Kloktat dehet, Prague, 2005). The Czech writer’s perspective is close to the concepts of German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk, who claims that the Romans were not only the authors of the idea of humanitas but also the inventors of bloody games such as circuses. In Topol’s novel, the circus is a holistic political project. The novel refers to the ideas developed in Russia in the 1920s, when a large number of circus theories and artistic manifestos were formulated. The circus was then officially recognised as the most important form of social entertainment (together with cinema) and it gained religious, aesthetic and political functions. By using the grotesque, fantasy and parody (Czechoslovakia as a giant circus), Topol’s novel creates an alternative narrative about the Prague Spring and “normalisation”. New meanings for notions such as progress, revolution and community are also revealed. Cyrk jako parodia komunizmu. Powieść Kloktat dehet Jáchyma TopolaArtykuł analizuje pojęcie humanizmu w powieści Kloktat dehet Jáchyma Topola (Praga 2005). Czeski pisarz jest bliski koncepcji Petera Sloterdijka, który pisał, że Rzymianie oprócz idei humanitas stworzyli także krwawe igrzyska – cyrki. W powieści Topola cyrk to projekt polityczny, w którym widać wyraźne nawiązania autora do koncepcji formułowanych od lat dwudziestych XX wieku w Związku Radzieckim, kiedy cyrk (obok kina) propagowano jako najważniejszą gałąź sztuki łączącą wszystkie grupy społeczne. Wykorzystując groteskę, fan­tastykę, ale przede wszystkim parodię (figura wielkiego cyrku socjalistycznego) autor Kloktat dehet buduje alternatywną historię Praskiej Wiosny i czechosłowackiej „normalizacji”, w której nowych sensów nabierają pojęcia postępu, rewolucji i wspólnoty.
Tobacco cessation through community pharmacies: Knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceived barriers among pharmacists in Penang
Authors: Taha Nur Akmar , Guat Tee Ooi
Published: November 2014

Objectives:

Tobacco cessation is the primary goal of tobacco control measures. Community pharmacists are possible providers of tobacco cessation counselling due to their close contact with the public and the availability of non-prescription nicotine replacement therapies in pharmacies. However, community pharmacists often do not provide tobacco cessation interventions. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceived barriers to tobacco cessation counselling among community pharmacists in Penang, Malaysia.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Community pharmacies on Penang Island.

Methods:

A self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 107 registered pharmacists practising in community settings on Penang Island.

Results:

The response rate was 79.4% (85/107), with very few (16/85, 18.8%) reporting participation in the certified tobacco cessation training. Among the respondents, 27.1% had high, 44.7% had moderate and 28.2% had high levels of knowledge, and those who attended the certified training displayed higher levels of knowledge of nicotine replacement therapies ( p < 0.05). Most respondents showed positive attitudes towards tobacco cessation. However, the practice of tobacco cessation counselling based on the 5 As method was limited mainly to advising patients to quit smoking. The main barriers to tobacco cessation counselling included a lack of patient demand (71.8%), lack of education materials (69.4%) and lack of time (68.2%).

Conclusions:

More effort should be made to increase participation of community pharmacists in tobacco cessation continuing education, and strategies should be formulated to overcome barriers to tobacco cessation practice.
Comparison of experimental and simulated effective thermal conductivity of polymer matrix filled with metallic spheres: Thermal contact resistance and particle size effect
Authors: Karkri Mustapha , Ibos Laurent , Garnier Bertrand
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we present a numerical and experimental study of a composite material with conducting spheres embedded in a polymer matrix. Our main objective is to study how the particle size and thermal contact affect the overall thermal properties of composites. In the numerical study, finite elements method is used to model heat transfer and to calculate the effective thermal conductivity. A periodical method was used to measure simultaneously thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the composite consisting of an epoxy resin matrix filled with brass spheres of different sizes. A comparison between the numerically calculated, measured and analytical thermal conductivity values for various samples is performed and the significance of the findings is discussed in the paper.
Effect of thermo-oxidative aging on three-dimensional and four-directional braided carbon fiber/epoxy composite
Authors: Fan Wei , Li Jia-lu , Guo Dandan
Published: November 2014

An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of high temperature exposure on flexural properties of the three-dimensional and four-directional braided carbon fiber/epoxy composite and the corresponding neat resin. For this purpose, samples were exposed to 90℃, 120℃, 150℃, and 180℃ (below and above the glass transition temperature of the matrix resin) for various periods of time up to 13 days. The flexural properties combining with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), weight loss, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and optical microscope analyses were performed on the unaged and aged samples. The results revealed that the thermo-oxidative behavior of the braided composite was significantly different from the neat resin. The flexural strength of the neat resin decreased dramatically due to the oxidation degradation of the sample surface when the aging temperature was equal to its glass transition temperature. The extensive degradations of both the matrix and the fiber/matrix interface, especially for the interface, were responsible for the significant decrease in flexural strength of the braided composite. The flexural strength retention rates of the braided composite were higher than that of the neat resin after exposure to 90℃, 120℃ and 150℃ because the integral structure of the braided composite can make the fiber bear flexural force together although the matrix resin and the fiber/matrix interface had a certain degree of damage after longtime thermo-oxidative aging.
The Therapeutic Effects Upon Dog Owners Who Interact With Their Dogs in a Mindful Way
Authors: Jackson-Grossblat Amy , Carbonell Nancy , Waite Dennis
Published: November 2014

This case study describes the experiences of three individuals who participated in a training program that taught them to work with their dogs in a mindful manner. That is to say, in a way that would help them intentionally pay attention in an open, accepting, and curious way, to the needs, body language, responses, and reactions of their dogs. The ways in which these external experiences led to an awareness of their internal experience are also discussed. The results suggest that this method not only positively influenced the relationship these women had with their dogs, but also enhanced their relationship with others and contributed to their own self-growth and increased happiness. A look at how incorporating the concepts of mindfulness, the use of self-as-a-change-agent, the practice of dog psychology in training, and how each of these affect change in one’s psychological well-being are discussed. In addition, this study describes an approach to understanding how clients can act as their own vehicles of change and resolve existential problems related to self-alienation by viewing the dog as part of nature and finding a reconnection to self and others through a mindful interaction with their dog.
Ascaris lumbricoides and its invasion of the accessory cystic duct: An unusual presentation
Authors: Majid Zain , Masood Irfan , Pirzada Muhammad Taqi
Published: November 2014

Around the world, Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common helminthic infection. We describe the case of a 25-year-old woman, known to have had Ascaris infestation, presenting with abdominal pain, constipation and jaundice together with fever and tachycardia. There was tenderness in the right hypochondrium and liver function tests confirmed cholestatic jaundice. An abdominal ultrasound showed multiple linear echogenic foci in the distal small intestine along with cholelithiasis and a thick-walled gall bladder with a single stone compressing the common bile duct (Mirizzi syndrome).

The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy; more than 100 worms were found inside the small intestine and they were removed by enterotomy and manual decompression. No worm could be palpated within the common bile duct (CBD). Cholecystectomy was performed, during which an accessory cystic duct was noted opening into the common bile duct superiorly to the main cystic duct. A 10 cm live worm was found coming out of it and was removed via forceps.

Later on an endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatogram (ERCP) showed a widened ampulla, a mildly dilated common bile duct, but without any filling defects. The patient made an uneventful postoperative recovery being discharged on the ninth day. Worms in an accessory cystic duct have not been report in the medical literature so far.
Peer acceptance and the development of emotional and behavioural problems
Authors: Menting Barbara , Koot Hans , van Lier Pol
Published: November 2014

Difficulties in peer acceptance during elementary school have been associated with emotional and behavioural problems. This study used a randomized controlled intervention design to test whether improvements in peer acceptance mediated reduced rates of emotional and behavioural problems in intervention compared to control-group children. A total of 615 elementary school children in the Netherlands were followed annually from kindergarten through second grade. Intervention children showed reductions in emotional and behavioural problems, and improved peer acceptance compared to controls. Improved peer acceptance mediated reductions in emotional and behavioural problem development. However, this mediation pathway held only for boys with low receptive vocabulary skills. These results indicate poor peer acceptance as a common underlying factor in emotional and behavioural problem development, particularly for children who are at risk for developing problems.
The Importance of Teaching Science and Technology in Early Education Levels in an Emerging Economy
Authors: Oliveros Ruiz Maria Amparo , Vargas Osuna Lidia , Valdez Salas Benjamín , Schorr Wienner Michael , Sevilla Garcia Juan , Cabrera Cordova Eduardo , Nedev Roumen , Ibarra Roberto
Published: November 2014

In the context of technological dissemination sessions aimed at prospective students at the Polytechnic University of Baja California in the city of Mexicali, Baja California, the importance of engineering and its role in scientific and technological progress was stressed, as well as its role in scientific and technological progress as drivers of economic development in the region. A group of 2,154 students from 20 different institutions of public high school education answered a survey designed as an evaluation tool for a career path or technology area of interest. The survey results show that students have a low preference for engineering careers. Moreover, these results were augmented with an additional study on the high attrition of students in engineering schools in the city of Mexicali, Baja California, also conducted by the authors. It raises the importance of teaching science in the early education levels, which aims to prepare scientists and technologists needed for the development of research and innovation as a foundation for economic prosperity and welfare of an emerging economy such as Mexico.
Dereliction at the South African Department of Home Affairs: Time for the anthropology of bureaucracy
Authors: Hoag Colin
Published: November 2014

In this article, I consider how a temporal reorientation of bureaucracy studies – from retrospective analysis of outcomes to prospective analysis of states of possibility manifest in moments of bureaucratic waiting – could help students of bureaucracy to think non-normatively about the relationship between policy and practice. I draw on ethnographic fieldwork with low-level officials at visa permitting offices of a South African immigration bureaucracy to explore how time textures everyday bureaucratic processes and configures one’s understanding of what is possible in bureaucratic encounters. I develop the concept of “dereliction” to describe the ambiguous condition of hope and despair experienced by people engaged in bureaucratic encounters, illuminating the technologies that produce and manage this ambiguity, such as counters, cubbies, and temporary extension permits. While previous authors have shown that bureaucracies work to capture and control time, I shed light on a somewhat different sort of power: bureaucracies’ ability to orient people toward the future.
Using a Narrative Framework to Understand the Drugs and Violence Nexus
Authors: Copes Heith , Hochstetler Andy , Sandberg Sveinung
Published: November 2014

Goldstein posited that drugs and violence are related in three primary ways, namely, psychopharmacologically, systemically, and economic compulsively. Although Goldstein’s framework is a robust explanation of the drugs and violence nexus, it largely ignores the experiences of the actors, and the mechanism and experiences linking motive to action remain underexplored and vague. To understand the causal relationships detailed by Goldstein and others, we believe that it is important to look at the phenomenological basis of his drugs and violence connections. Drawing on interviews with a sample of 30 incarcerated carjackers, we identify three narratives in offenders’ accounts that tie drug use to violence. Two of these (“it wasn’t the real me” and “expected violence in drug areas”) are expressions of Goldstein’s mechanisms, while the third one (“addicts are deserving victims”) indicates the importance of symbolic boundaries for harmdoing. We argue that drug users draw from culturally circulating stories present in both conventional and street culture to explain the drug violence links and that the presence of these stories is a contributing factor in drug-related violence. Further work within Goldstein’s framework would thus benefit from including meanings commonly held and understood in the world of heavy drug users and street offenders who commit violence.
Risk of Dementia in Older Adults With Low Versus High Occupation-Based Motivational Processes
Authors: Fankhauser Sonja , Forstmeier Simon , Maercker Andreas , Luppa Melanie , Luck Tobias , Riedel-Heller Steffi G.
Published: November 2014

Objectives:

This study investigates the impact of occupation-based motivational processes and social network variables on the incidence of dementia over 8 years.

Method:

Data were derived from the Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged (LEILA75+), a population-based longitudinal study of individuals aged 75 years and older (n = 1692 at baseline). Motivational processes were estimated based on the main occupation using the Occupational Information Network database.

Results:

In a Cox proportional hazard model, motivational processes were not associated with the risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-1.16). Individuals with a higher frequency of social contact at baseline had a significantly lower risk of dementia (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99), while proximity of social contacts was not linked to the risk of dementia (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98-1.08). In individuals with low indices of motivational processes, the frequency of social contacts was associated with a lower risk of dementia (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88-1.00). On the other hand, proximity of social contacts was linked to a higher risk of dementia in individuals with high indices of motivational processes (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19).

Discussion:

Results indicate that the frequency and proximity of social contacts have a differential impact on the risk of dementia according to lower or higher indices of motivational processes, while the impact of motivational processes on risk of dementia could not be confirmed. Future studies should carefully disentangle different aspects of social interactions and their association with motivational processes.
Special Issue on Open Government
Authors: Gascó Mila
Published: November 2014

Public administrations around the world have embarked on open government initiatives and have worked to redefine their relationship with citizens and with each other. Researchers and academicians have recently also focused on studying what governments are implementing. Still, there are gaps and difficulties that both practitioners and academicians need to tackle. This special issue aims at contributing to the open government field in this respect.
When Should I Call You? An Analysis of Differences in Demographics and Responses According to Respondents’ Location in a Mobile CATI Survey
Authors: Vicente Paula , Lopes Inês
Published: November 2014

Mobile phones are increasingly being used to collect social and marketing data, and some say it is just a question of time before they replace fixed phones. Although there is some evidence that much of the knowledge on computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) surveys can be applied to mobile CATI surveys, the specificities of mobile communications must be given due consideration in the design and procedures for surveys using mobile phones. This study investigates whether the location of the respondent at the time of the interview—at home or outside the home—affects sample composition and responses in a mobile CATI survey. Although findings reveal several significant distinctions between the demographic characteristics of at-home and outside-home respondents, namely, sex, age, educational level, professional status, and the major contributor to household income, only a few differences were found in responses to behavioral and attitudinal items.
Cervical cancer screening with HPV testing in the Valcamonica (Italy) screening programme
Authors: Pasquale L , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Carozzi F , Pedretti C , Ruggeri C , Scalvinoni V , Cotti Cottini M , Tosini A , Morana C , Chiaramonte M , Sacristani MF , Cirelli R , Chiudinelli D , Piccolomini M , Marchione R , Romano L , Domenighini S , Pieracci G , Confortini M
Published: November 2014

Objective

We present the results of the first screening round and the first year of the second round of the Valcamonica Human Papillomavirus (HPV) pilot screening project.

Setting

From 2010 to 2012, the entire target female population (aged 25–64) was invited to the first HPV screening round in an area where Pap test screening had been active since 2002.

Methods

For HPV-negative women, the interval was three years. For HPV-positive women, a cytological smear was stained and interpreted. Positive cytologies were referred to colposcopy; negatives were referred to repeat HPV after one year. If HPV was persistently positive, women were referred to colposcopy; if negative, to normal screening.

Results

In 2010–12 18728 women were screened, slightly higher participation than with Pap test (18233 64.7%); 1633 were HPV-positive (8.7%); 843 were positive at cytology triage (referral rate at baseline 4.5%). Of those referred at the one year HPV test, 84% complied (660/780); 356 were persistently positive (1.9%). The total referral rate was 6.4% compared with 3.7% for the Pap test. The detection rate was 9.2/1000 compared with 5.0% for the Pap test. The HPV positivity rate during the second round in women previously negative was 3.9% and the detection rate in HPV-positive cytology-positive women was 0.8/1000.

Conclusions

HPV-based screening increases colposcopies at the first round, but also strongly increases the detection rate. At the second round, HPV prevalence was much lower and the detection rate also fell, corroborating the need for longer screening intervals in HPV-negative women.
Book Review: Ronald E. Riggio and Sherylle J. Tan, Leader Interpersonal and Influence Skills: The Soft Skills of Leadership
Authors: Rao M.S.
Published: November 2014

Ronald E. Riggio and Sherylle J. Tan, Leader Interpersonal and Influence Skills: The Soft Skills of Leadership (Series: LEADERSHIP: Research and Practice). London: Routledge, 13 November 2013, 376 pp. (ISBN-10: 0415842328 & ISBN-13: 978-0415842327 [Paperback])
Book Review: Arindam Banerjee, Management Essentials: A Recipe for Business Success
Authors: Dhamija Sanjay
Published: November 2014

Arindam Banerjee, Management Essentials: A Recipe for Business Success. New Delhi: SAGE Response (Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd.), 2013, 141 pp. ₹ 295 (ISBN: 978-81-321-1103-0 [PB])
Book Review: V. Kumar, Profitable Customer Engagement: Concept, Metrics and Strategies
Authors: Sondhi Neena
Published: November 2014

V. Kumar, Profitable Customer Engagement: Concept, Metrics and Strategies. New Delhi: SAGE Response Books (SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd), 2013, 311 pp. ₹ 795 (ISBN: 978-81-321-1340-9 [HB])
The Role of Employees’ Engagement in the Adoption of Green Supply Chain Practices as Moderated by Environment Attitude: An Empirical Study of the Indian Automobile Industry
Authors: Sharma Manisha
Published: November 2014

Green supply chain management (GSCM) has become more and more important to the automobile industry and emerging as a new management mantra owing to various reasons, including the need to become more environmental friendly, cost effective and competitive. There could be several driving forces, including competitive pressure, regulatory pressure, etc., but there exist certain pre-requisites such as the level of employee engagement with the environment attitude. When these characteristics are deeply rooted in the organizational culture, they may help improve the GSCM practices in the organization. In this connection, this article aims to investigate GSCM practices of the automobile industry in India and also examines the moderating role of environment attitude in the employees’ engagement to understand whether it leads to an improvement in the GSCM practices. This study is important because there is no empirical research evidence on how the interaction between environment attitude and the employees’ engagement in the automobile industry alters GSCM practices.
An Inter-state Analysis of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Selected Two-digit Manufacturing Industries in India
Authors: Deb Arnab K. , Ray Subhash C.
Published: November 2014

This article makes an objective assessment of the impact of economic reforms of 1991 on productivity change in Indian manufacturing at a disaggregated level of industrial classification. Using the state-level input–output quantity data constructed from Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) measured rates of productivity change in selected two-digit manufacturing industries show that at the all-India level, only in cotton textile and chemical and chemical products industries productivity growth slowed down considerably after the reforms. While productivity in other industries improved after the reforms, there was evidence of inter-industry variation in productivity growth rates. State-level estimates show that not only in the leading but also in laggard industrial states the selected industries have experienced improvement in productivity after the reforms. For most of the industries the coefficient of variation in the rate of productivity changes across states diminished significantly after the reforms. But the reverse is true for cotton textiles and chemical and chemical products industries, suggesting that in these two industries the individual states failed to reap the benefit of reforms in a uniform manner. Also for all industries except textile products, technological progress was the prime driving force behind the productivity growth over the post-reform years.