bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The elephant in the room: biomimetics and sustainability?
Authors: Mead Taryn , Jeanrenaud Sally
Published: January 2017

Biomimetics, with diverse origins, has generated a ‘biomimetic promise’ of sustainable design solutions. This promise posits that biological systems are inherently sustainable and emulating these time-tested patterns will result in optimal sustainability characteristics. However, this has rarely been empirically explored and there is little understanding of how biomimetic practitioners are assessing sustainability impacts. This paper examines connections between biomimetic innovation and sustainability theory and investigates how practitioners are approaching sustainability issues. It includes (a) a review of concepts connecting sustainability and biomimetic innovation, highlighting epistemological disparities among disciplines, and (b) an exploratory survey examining practitioners’ use and views of biomimetics for sustainability-oriented innovation. Four findings are that (a) practitioners use a variety of sustainability frameworks with no established system of accountability; (b) there is a disconnection between biomimetics and sustainability agendas at multiple levels; (c) biomimetics is creating new narratives of sustainability; and (d) epistemological variations in biomimetics research and practice contribute to the variety of conceptions of sustainability and need to be considered as an aspect of the biomimetic promise. In conclusion, biomimetics has an important role to play in the evolving conceptualisation of sustainability and measures of success needed to integrate science-based targets and the interests of diverse stakeholders.
How Biased Are U.S. Government Forecasts of the Federal Debt?
Authors: Ericsson Neil R.
Published: January 2017

Government debt and forecasts thereof attracted considerable attention during the recent financial crisis. The current paper analyzes potential biases in different U.S. government agencies’ one-year-ahead forecasts of U.S. gross federal debt over 1984-2012. Standard tests typically fail to detect biases in these forecasts. However, impulse indicator saturation (IIS) detects economically large and highly significant time-varying biases, particularly at turning points in the business cycle. These biases do not appear to be politically related. IIS defines a generic procedure for examining forecast properties; it explains why standard tests fail to detect bias; and it provides a mechanism for potentially improving forecasts.
LOS PROGRAMAS DE ENRIQUECIMIENTO: DESARROLLO INTEGRAL DE LAS ALTAS CAPACIDADES
Authors: Pomar Tojo Carmen Mª , Calviño Santos Guillermo , Irimia Nores Andrea , Rodríguez Cao Luis , Reyes Quintela Laura
Published: January 2017

Abstract."ENRICHMENT PROGRAMS: COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH ABILITY"A satisfactory response to the unique needs of high ability students is an ongoing concern for education professionals. The educational intervention offers possible answers, including enrichment, which aims to provide more depth and richness in learning through the change in the depth of content and methodology. The project is a QVO extracurricular enrichment program, by expanding knowledge, developing strategies and skills, and promoting various attitudes, especially those related to socialization and affection. In QVO intellectual potential is stimulated, cooperative attitudes, social and communication skills, emotional intelligence and team work. Taking cinema as an educational tool, QVO provides a space for innovative learning opportunities and collaborative creation.Keywords: Educational Intervention, High Abilities, Enrichment, Emotional Intelligence, Team work.Resumen.La respuesta satisfactoria a las necesidades únicas de los alumnos con altas capacidades es una preocupación constante para los profesionales de la educación. La intervención educativa nos ofrece alternativas de respuesta, entre ellas el enriquecimiento, encaminado a ofrecer aprendizajes más ricos y variados a través de la modificación en la profundidad del contenido y de la metodología empleada. El proyecto QVO es un programa de enriquecimiento extracurricular, supone la ampliación de conocimientos, el desarrollo de estrategias y destrezas, y la promoción de actitudes diversas, especialmente las referidas a la socialización y a la afectividad. En QVO se estimula el potencial intelectual, las actitudes de cooperación, las habilidades sociales y de comunicación, la inteligencia emocional y el trabajo en equipo. Tomando el cine como vía e instrumento educativo, QVO proporciona un espacio de novedosas oportunidades de aprendizaje y de creación colaborativa.Palabras clave: Intervención Educativa, Altas Capacidades, Enriquecimiento, Inteligencia Emocional, Trabajo en Equipo.
“EL PERFIL DE EFICACIA DEL MEDIADOR DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE LA NEGOCIACIÓN”
Authors: Santana Rodríguez Guayarmina , Rodríguez Mateo Heriberto
Published: January 2017

Abstract.The present study is to analyze the predictive value of an instrument designed for negotiating effectively (CEN II) in its application to mediation. From a conceptual approach to the field of study and scientific contributions related to the subject is delimited. Empirical research was carried out through a sample of 60 mediators / as results obtained confirm the reliability and predictive validity of the CEN II and efficiency in determining differences in family mediation.Keywords: negotiating effectiveness, family mediation.Resumen.El presente estudio tiene como finalidad analizar el valor predictivo de un instrumento diseñado para la eficacia negociadora (CEN II) en su aplicación a la mediación. Desde una aproximación conceptual se delimita el campo de estudio y aportaciones científicas vinculadas al tema. Se realiza una investigación empírica a través de una muestra de 60 mediadores/as Los resultados obtenidos confirman la fiabilidad y validez predictiva del CEN II y su eficiencia en la determinación de las diferencias en la mediación familiar.Palabras Clave: eficacia negociadora, mediación familiar.
CONTEXTO FAMILIAR E IMPLICACIÓN EN EL ÁMBITO FÍSICO-DEPORTIVO DURANTE LA ADOLESCENCIA
Authors: Revuelta Lorena , Infante Guillermo , Axpe Inge
Published: January 2017

Abstract.FAMILY CONTEXT AND INVOLVEMENT IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DURING ADOLESCENCEAmong the contextual factors that mediate in youth’s well-being and personal adjustment, parental influence is one of the most studied. In this research we focus on the effects that parental support has in youth’s engagement in physical and sport activities, which improves adolescents’ well-being and personal adjustment. Participants were 169 adolescents between 11 – 19 years old (M = 14.22; SD = 1.52) and their families. Results show that parental support (both from parents and mothers) has a stronger effect in daughters. On the other hand, mothers’ support reveals a stronger effect both in sons and daughters engagement.Key words: family support, physical and sport activities, parental support, adolescents’ engagementResumen.Entre las variables contextuales que median sobre el ajuste y bienestar juvenil, la influencia parental es una de las más estudiadas. Este trabajo investiga el apoyo parental sobre la implicación en actividades físico-deportivas (AFD) de los hijos/as, clave para potenciar su bienestar y ajuste personal. Participan 169 familias con hijos de entre 11 – 19 años (M = 14.22; DT = 1.52). Los resultados muestran que el apoyo tanto de padres como de madres incide en mayor manera sobre las hijas. Se observa también que la influencia materna tiene un mayor efecto que la paterna tanto sobre la implicación de los hijos como de las hijas.Palabras clave: apoyo familiar, actividad físico-deportiva, influencia parental, implicación adolescente
Enkele minder bekende Afrikaanse woordeboek-monumente
Authors: Gouws R
Published: January 2017

Woordeboeke weerspieël nie net die woordeskat van 'n taal nie, maar dra ook by tot die standaardisering van 'n taal. Dit geld sowel woordeboeke waarin algemene taal as dié waarin die vaktaal bewerk word. Die Afrikaanse leksikografiese praktyk vertoon 'n uitgebreide tipologiese verskeidenheid, wat bekende en minder bekende woordeboeke en woordeboeksoorte insluit. Elke woordeboek kan aanspraak maak op monumentstatus, alhoewel talle woordeboeke se rol in die leksikografiese ontwikkeling van Afrikaans nie genoegsaam erken word nie. In hierdie artikel is die fokus op enkele minder bekende woordeboeke wat wel monumente van en vir Afrikaans is. Daar word aandag gegee aan woordeboeke wat gemeenskapsgedrewe produkte is en onder meer blyke gee van die kreatiewe woordskeppingskrag van die Afrikaanse taalgemeenskap. Daarbenewens word daar ook gewys op vernuwende leksikografiese produkte wat saamgestel is om aan spesifieke leksikografiese behoeftes van hulle teikengebruikers te voldoen.
Die rol van die Afrikaanse Wikipedia in die uitbou van Afrikaans
Authors: Pretorius L
Published: January 2017

Afrikaans het in sy eerste 90 jaar as amptelike taal van Suid-Afrika van 'n sogenaamde kombuistaal tot 'n volledige onderwys-, wetenskaps- en kultuurtaal ontwikkel. Tog is Afrikaans in die fisiese ruimte waarin sy sprekers hulle bevind, toenemend onder druk en word sy amptelike gebruik weereens bedreig. Vanweë die tegnologiese voortuitgang op die gebied van telekommunikasie en rekenaarnetwerke, die Internet en die Wêreldwye Web het daar in die afgelope 15 jaar 'n digitale ruimte (kuberruimte) ontstaan waarbinne ook Afrikaanssprekendes toenemend leef. Hierdie artikel beskou die posisie van Afrikaans in hierdie digitale ruimte. Onlangse gesaghebbende navorsing deur András Kornai (2013) het aangetoon dat die bestaan van 'n groot, hoëgehalte-, groeiende Wikipedia n noodsaaklike voorwaarde is vir die digitale groeikrag van n taal. In hierdie artikel word die Afrikaanse Wikipedia van nader beskou. Ons toon aan dat dit nog nie omvangryk genoeg is om Afrikaans volledig in die digitale ruimte te vestig nie. Die rol van die Afrikaanse Wikipedia, beide as enorme oop en vrye aanlynensiklopedie en as spilpunt van die Semantiese Web en web-skaal taalhulpbronne en taaltegnologie, word uiteengesit. Praktiese riglyne vir hoe elke Afrikaans-sprekende betrokke kan raak by die ontwikkeling van die Afrikaanse Wikipedia, word kortliks bespreek. Die artikel kom tot die slotsom dat n soort digitale taalbeweging met die ontwikkeling van die Afrikaanse Wikipedia as fokus nodig is om die posisie van Afrikaans in die digitale ruimte te verseker en vol te hou.
Die DBAT: 'n Onbekende digitale taalkundemuseum
Authors: Breed A , Carstens W , Olivier J
Published: January 2017

Die Digitale Bibliografie van die Afrikaanse Taalkunde (DBAT) is 'n omvattende databasis van Afrikaanse taalkundebronne. Meer as 17 000 bronne is hierop gekatalogiseer, en die voltekste van ongeveer 9 500 bronne is beskikbaar. Verder word daar vir ongeveer 1 500 bronne skakels na die volteks aangebied. Uit 'n ondersoek na die gebruikerspatrone van die DBAT word ons vermoede bevestig dat hierdie databasis nie gereeld genoeg besoek word nie en dat die ryk argief wat die DBAT aanbied, nie genoegsaam deur potensiële gebruikers ontgin word nie. Uit 'n meningsopname onder bestaande en potensiële gebruikers, is dit egter duidelik dat die DBAT n handige en nuttige navorsingshulpmiddel is, en dat n groter poging aangewend behoort te word om die databasis bekend te stel en te bemark onder alle moontlike gebruikers, veral onder taalkundestudente. Daar moet ook meer moeite gedoen word om verskeie rolspelers, soos Afrikaanse taalkundiges en taalkundedosente, as medewerkers te betrek.
Occupation Based Hand Therapy in the South African context: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: De Klerk Susan , Badenhorst Elretha , Buttle Amy , Mohammed Fairuz , Oberon Jeanette
Published: January 2017

Occupation-based hand therapy (OBHT) is an approach to practice that integrates multiple frames of reference, while remaining rooted in an occupational therapy perspective. There are a number of benefits and challenges that have been recognised in hand therapy settings. The use of an occupation-based approach in the field of hand therapy is of interest to all occupational therapists practising in this field. This commentary explores the challenges and opportunities of OBHT as an approach in the assessment and treatment of clients with hand conditions in the South African context. The authors describe OBHT, explore the barriers in practice and propose guidelines for such an approach in our context. Recommendations are made to enhance the understanding practice of an OBHT approach in everyday hand therapy practice within South Africa.
Key words: Occupation-Based Hand Therapy, Client Centred practice
From paper to practice - Academics and practitioners and academics working together in enhancing the use of occupational therapy conceptual models***
Authors: Vermaak Mia Elsabie , Nel Mariette
Published: January 2017

Introduction:
Occupational therapy students are exposed to theoretical models of practice in lectures, and practice application of these during clinical fieldwork placements. During fieldwork, they are exposed to supervising therapists' approach to theory and model use; and are often confronted with a theory-practice gap. With limited literature available on South African therapists' use of models, the objective of this study was to observe and describe the use of models by occupational therapists in the Free State, South Africa, to inform collaborative efforts in the process of knowledge transfer between academia, practice and students.
Methods:
A cross sectional study was done by means of a questionnaire survey, with therapists responsible for fieldwork supervision of students; and a workshop evaluation completed by therapists attending a workshop on model use.
Results:
Results describe 22 supervising therapists' use of and perceptions around models; and their own and students' application thereof, and was used to design a workshop on model use. Workshop evaluations completed by 20 attendees indicated that therapists perceived it as enabling with regard to applying new models with more confidence and competence, and that they felt more confident to supervise students in model use.
Conclusion:
This study and its resulting workshop show how collaboration between therapists and academics can improve the theory-practice link, benefiting therapists' professional identity and ultimately impacting on undergraduate training.
Community Service Occupational Therapists: thriving or just surviving?
Authors: van Stormbroek Kirsty , Buchanan Helen
Published: January 2017

INTRODUCTION: Community Service was introduced to improve access to health care for all South Africans, yet little is known about the experiences of Community Service occupational therapists. This article describes the characteristics and general experiences of Community Service occupational therapists. METHODS: A national cross-sectional survey was undertaken. Data were collected with an online questionnaire to all occupational therapists completing Community Service in 2013 (n=240). Data were analysed with IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21.0, and responses to open ended questions were post-coded. RESULTS: A 44.3% (n=104) response rate was achieved. Almost half the participants (44.7%) were located rurally with 51.5% working at primary level at least some of the time. Referrals were frequently received for wheelchair related services (61.2%), interventions related to child development (49.5%), disability grant assessments (36.9%) and treatment of adults with neurological conditions (39.8%). While some therapists felt challenged (54.2%) and frustrated (58.3%), many (75.0%) reported satisfaction from interacting with clients. Although the majority perceived the profession to be poorly recognised (63.5%), most were proud to be occupational therapists (66.7%). CONCLUSION: Community Service occupational therapists are playing an important role in improving access to services but Community Service needs to be situated within a broader plan to extend and strengthen services in-line with government policy. Keywords: Community service, occupational therapy, novice occupational therapist, professional identity
Development of Primary School Teacher’s Competences in the Process of Solving Professional Tasks
Authors: Sanina S.P.
Published: January 2017

This article deals with the problem of development of primary school teacher’s professional competences in the sphere of organization and formation elementary school pupils’ skills of educational cooperation. The article provides results of the research, which is directed at the study of teachers’ notions of productive methods of teacher and pupil collaboration and at development of elementary school teachers’ professional competences. The certain hypothesis is put to a test: a manner of cooperation, based on educational collaboration principles, contributes to development of primary school teacher’s competences. The principle of educational professional goals, considered constructive, development is shown. An instance of a task is exemplified: the task targets the study of effective cooperation methods between teacher and pupils and allows organization of a productive way of cooperation between students. The effectiveness of professional tasks usage in development of teachers’ competences within the confines of professional education is proven.
Information Safety of Children and Adolescents in the Views of Parents
Authors: Budykin S.V. , Dvoryanchikov N.V. , Bovina I.B.
Published: January 2017

The study aims to analyze the everyday concepts of information security in groups of parents.Based on the ideas of the theory of social representations, in particular, about the connection between social practices and social representations, were identified three groups of respondents - parents of children (group 1), the parents of adolescents (group 2),a group of childless adults (group 3) - groups having a different distance with respect to the object of the representation. The study involved 115 participants aged 20 to 50 years (97 women and 18 men).We made the following assumptions: 1) Group 3 will differ from group 1 and group 2 in the evaluation of information security threats (various topics will be considered as threatening, the parents of children and adolescents will proceed from the fact that the threat is primarily for children of their age, and the control group, the source will be a common understanding of the threat);2) in a group 3 there will be major regulatory elements, in groups 1 and 2 - the functional elements (scripts).It is also assumed that in group 2, there is a great complexity of the script as compared to the other groups.It was shown the following: firstly, the hierarchy of themes arrayed in view of information security threats practically coincides in all groups; secondly, action plans hardest arranged in one group, to a lesser extent - in group 3.This applies to situations in which the child faces a moderately dangerous information, there is no difference in the situation of a collision with the most dangerous information.

This work was supported by grant RFH № 15-06-10649.
O poeta Castilho, ou o "que há-de fazer um coração sensível" "neste terreno prosaico da vida real"
Authors: Da Cruz Eduardo
Published: January 2017

Pretendemos neste artigo acompanhar a produção poética de António Feliciano de Castilho (1800-1875) buscando ressaltar os posicionamentos estéticos e éticos que assumiu em cada momento de sua vida marcada pelas constantes mudanças políticas e sociais que ocorreram em Portugal.
MATOS FRIAS, Joana. Cinefilia e cinefobia no modernismo português (vias e desvios). Porto: Edições Afrontamento, 2015.
Authors: Pereira Patrícia Resende
Published: January 2017

Resenha do livro Cinefilia e cinefobia no modernismo português (vias e desvios), de Joana Matos Frias, publicado em 2015.
Automatismo e indiferença em A Máquina de Joseph Walser, de Gonçalo M. Tavares
Authors: Campos Rodrigo Medeiros
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é provocar uma reflexão a respeito do automatismo e da indiferença presentes na sociedade atual a partir da leitura e da análise crítica da obra “A Máquina de Joseph Walser”, de Gonçalo M. Tavares.
Совершенствование контроля и надзора в отношении малых и средних предприятий: уроки для России
Authors: Баринова Вера Александровна , Еремкин Владимир Александрович
Published: January 2017

В представленной статье представлен анализ сущности контроля и надзора в России и за рубежом, выявлена специфика контроля и надзора в отношении малых и средних предприятий. На основе анализа литературы авторы делают выводы о факторах соблюдения или несоблюдения законодательства фирмами. В работе рассматривается международный опыт контроля и надзора в отношении малых и средних предприятий, приведены передовые зарубежные практики, направленные на совершенствование системы контроля и надзора, и отмечены наиболее перспективные для России.
Festas do Divino Espírito Santo: influência do modelo de império de Alenquer (Portugal) na festa de Natividade - Tocantins (Brasil)
Authors: Sousa Poliana Macedo de
Published: January 2017

O presente estudo faz um breve resgate histórico sobre o início das comemorações da festa do Divino Espírito Santo em Portugal e sua expansão para as colônias portuguesas como o Brasil, sendo um dos lugares que seguiram o modelo de “império” estabelecido em Alenquer. Retrata ainda, a Festa do Divino Espírito Santo em Natividade, cidade histórica do Estado do Tocantins, e a influência no formato da festividade (comemoração e modo de organização) advindo dos colonizadores portugueses.
Palavras-chave: Religião. História. Festa do Divino Espírito Santo
 
ABSTRACT
This study is a short historical review on the start of festival celebrations of the Holy Spirit in Portugal and its expansion to the Portuguese colonies like Brazil, one of the places that followed the model of "empire" established in Alenquer. Portrays also the Feast of the Holy Spirit in Natividade, historic city of Tocantins State, and the influence on the format of the festival (celebrating and organizing mode) arising from the Portuguese colonizers.
Keywords: Religion. History. Feast of the Holy Spirit
 
RESUMEN
Este estudio es una breve reseña histórica sobre el inicio de las celebraciones festivas del Espíritu Santo en Portugal y su expansión a las colonias portuguesas como Brasil, uno de los lugares que siguieron el modelo de "imperio" establecido en Alenquer. Retrata también la Fiesta del Espíritu Santo en Natividade, ciudad histórica del estado de Tocantins, y la influencia en el formato del festival (modo de celebración y organización) surgido de los colonizadores portugueses.
Descriptores: Religión. Historia. Fiesta del Espíritu Santo
Discrimination and Distress among Afghan Refugees in Northern California: The Moderating Role of Pre- and Post-Migration Factors
Authors: Alemi Qais , Stempel Carl
Published: January 2017

This study investigates the effect of perceived discrimination on the mental health of Afghan refugees, and secondly, tests the distress moderating effects of pre-migration traumatic experiences and post-resettlement adjustment factors. In a cross-sectional design, 259 Afghans completed surveys assessing perceived discrimination and a number of other factors using scales developed through inductive techniques. Multivariate analyses consisted of a series of hierarchical regressions testing the effect of perceived discrimination on distress, followed by a sequential analysis of moderator variables. Perceived discrimination was significantly associated with higher distress, and this relationship was stronger among those with a strong intra-ethnic identity, high civic engagement, and high pre-resettlement traumatic experiences. Discrimination is a significant source of stress for Afghan refugees, which may exacerbate stresses associated with other post-migration stressors. Future research is needed to tailor interventions that can help mitigate the stress associated with discrimination among this highly vulnerable group.
Pilon Fractures of the Base of the Proximal Phalanx: Direct Intraosseous Joint Reduction with Bone-Grafting and Mini-Screws
Authors: Neshkova Iva , Meffert Rainer H.
Published: January 2017

Case:

A 31-year-old woman sustained a closed pilon fracture of the base of the second proximal phalanx. Computed tomography showed comminution, central depression, and splaying of the articular surface. We used a method of direct intraosseous joint reduction in combination with bone-grafting and mini-screws to treat the fracture. For reduction, a golf-club-shaped instrument was inserted into the medullary cavity through a drill-hole in the phalanx.

Conclusion:

The advantage of this technique is that it leaves the joint capsular complex and the extensor hood intact. A stable joint was achieved, and early rehabilitation was possible. The clinical outcome and radiographic results were very good.
Application of Ground Penetrating Radar for Identification of Washover Deposits and Other Stratigraphic Features: Assateague Island, MD
Authors: Zaremba Nicholas J. , Smith Christopher G. , Bernier Julie C. , Forde Arnell S.
Published: January 2017

A combination of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data, core data, and aerial photographs were analyzed to better understand the evolution of two portions of Assateague Island, Maryland. The focus of the study was to investigate the applicability of using GPR data to image washover deposits in the stratigraphic record. High amplitude reflections observed in two shore-perpendicular GPR profiles were correlated to shallow (<1 m) lithologic contacts observed in sediment cores. At these contacts, deposits consisting primarily of quartz sand overlie sediments with organic matter that include degraded plant root or stem material. The underlying organic matter likely represents the vegetated portion of the barrier island that was buried by washover fans deposited during hurricanes Irene (2011) and Sandy (2012), as indicated in high-resolution aerial photographs. The GPR data were able to delineate the washover deposits from the underlying stratigraphic unit; however, the radar data did not resolve finer structures necessary to definitively differentiate washover facies from other sand-rich deposits (e.g., flood-tide deltas and dunes). Other GPR profiles contain reflections that likely correlate to geomorphic features like tidal channels and vegetated zones observed in historical aerial imagery. Burial of these features by overwash fluxes were observed in the aerial imagery and thus the resulting radar sequence is largely interpreted as washover deposits. Deeper, channel-like features that have been infilled were also observed in shore-parallel profiles and these features coincide with scour channels observed in the 1966 aerial photography. Additional sedimentological data are required to determine what role overwash played in the in-filling of these features.
Cooldown of Subsea Deadleg With a Cold Spot: Experimental and Numerical Heat-Transfer Analysis
Authors: Hagemann Ola , Jensen Atle , Grafsrønningen Stig
Published: January 2017

Experimental and numerical heat-transfer analysis was conducted on a T-shaped acrylic-glass pipe, representing a production header in a subsea production system with a vertical deadleg. The header was insulated, while the deadleg was not insulated and carried a cold spot on the top. The experimental conditions were set to mimic those of steady-state production, followed by a 3-hour shutdown (cooldown). The internal fluid temperature and the wall temperature were measured by use of resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) and thermocouples, respectively, while particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the velocities in the deadleg. It was shown that the mean velocity field during both steady state and cooldown was periodic, with a clockwise and counterclockwise rotation along the deadleg wall. By use of a k–Ω shear-stress transport (SST) Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) model in ANSYS CFX (2013a, b), the thermal field was correctly predicted for 3 hours of cooldown by modeling the cold spot as an isothermal wall. The RANS model was unable to recreate the periodic velocity field observed in the experiment.
العلاقة بين اللغة والترجمة
Authors: ديوي إنتان ساري
Published: January 2017

تعد اللغة من أهم ما يعترض سبيل المترجم عتبار أن اللغة يتضمن شحنات ثقافية تقف فى خلفية النص الأصلى وتحيط به،إذا الثقافة هي الجسد واللغة هي قلبه وينتج من التفاعل بينهما استمرار طاقة الحياة. وعلى المترجم حينئذ أن يترجم ليس فقط العناصر المختلفة للإطار السيمولوجى ، بل أيضا عليه أن يترجم مكان هذا العنصر فى اتمع كله. عتبار أن التصور أو المفهوم الواحد ، بيد أن العلماء يختلفون فى وجود الترادف وانكار وجوده. وبتالى فإن لعلم الترجمة أهميته فى التعامل مع الترادف فى علم اللغة ؛ بوصفه المرآة التى تعكس فهم معنى الكلمة فى اللغة العربية ثم تنقله إلى الملتقى فى اللغة الهدف. وسيتناول البحث عن المعنى اللغة ، و كيف أراء العلماء عن اللغة والترجمة والعلاقة بينهما ، والترجمة هي نسج خيوط بين عالمين. ولا تعتبر الترجمة من حيث المبدأ عملية تحويل "لفظي" بين لغة المصدر ولغة الهدف بل هي عملية نقل "معاني". والمسائل التى تطرحها الترجمة سواء ما يختص منها فى نصوص القرآن الكريم أم فى النصوص العامة أو سواء ما يختص منها للغتين المصدر والهدف أو ما يرتبط منها لمترجم ذاته. وأهم المعايير التى يجب وضعها فى الحسبان عند اختيار أي من هذه الإجراءات وبعد ذلك يتم تناول ظواهر اللغوية ، وذلك حتى يتمكن تقييم الإجراءات التى إعتمدها المترجمون فى عملهم . وما مدى نجاحهم فى المحافظة على فحوى اللغة العربية عند نقلها إلى لغة الهدف.
تقويم تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بلغات أخرى
Authors: أحسان الدين محمد
Published: January 2017

إن المنهج الدراسي يتكون من أربعة عناصر أساسية وهي (١) الأهداف التعليمية، (٢) المتحوى، (٣) طرق التدريس ووسائله، و(٤) التقويم. التقويم له مكان مهم في عملية التعليم والتعلم. لأنه يتكامل ببرمج التعلم والقسم الأخير منه. رغم أن التقويم من القسم الأخير في عملية التعليم والتعلم ولكنه ليس اية تطبيقا أو في اية الدرس فحسب. ولكن في عمله، قد يجري التقويم أثناء عملية التعليم والتعلم أو حين مرت عمليته. وأما أهداف هذه المقالة هي وصف: (أ) تعريف التقويم، القياس والعلاقة بينهما، (ب) أهداف تقويم تعليم اللغة العربية بلغات أخرى، (ج) خصائص تقويم تعليم اللغة العر بية بلغات أخرى، (د) أنواع تقويم تعليم اللغة العربية بلغات أخرى، (هـ) وسائل تقويم تعليم اللغة العربية بلغات أخرى.
Genetic Yield Gains In CIMMYT's International Elite Spring Wheat Yield Trials By Modeling The Genotype × Environment Interaction
Authors: Crespo‐Herrera Leonardo A. , Crossa Jose , Huerta‐Espino Julio , Autrique Enrique , Mondal Suchismita , Velu Govindan , Vargas Mateo , Braun Hans J. , Singh Ravi P.
Published: January 2017

We calculated the annual genetic gains for grain yield (GY) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) achieved over 8 yr of international Elite Spring Wheat Yield Trials (ESWYT), from 2006–2007 (27th ESWYT) to 2014–2015 (34th ESWYT). In total, 426 locations were classified within three main megaenvironments (MEs): ME1 (optimally irrigated environments), ME4 (drought‐stressed environments), and ME5 (heat‐stressed environments). By fitting a factor analytical structure for modeling the genotype × environment (G × E) interaction, we measured GY gains relative to the widely grown cultivar Attila (GYA) and to the local checks (GYLC). Genetic gains for GYA and GYLC across locations were 1.67 and 0.53% (90.1 and 28.7 kg ha−1 yr−1), respectively. In ME1, genetic gains were 1.63 and 0.72% (102.7 and 46.65 kg ha−1 yr−1) for GYA and GYLC, respectively. In ME4, genetic gains were 2.7 and 0.41% (88 and 15.45 kg ha−1 yr−1) for GYA and GYLC, respectively. In ME5, genetic gains were 0.31 and 1.0% (11.28 and 36.6 kg ha−1 yr−1) for GYA and GYLC, respectively. The high GYA in ME1 and ME4 can be partially attributed to yellow rust races that affect Attila. When G × E interactions were not modeled, genetic gains were lower. Analyses showed that CIMMYT's location at Ciudad Obregon, Mexico, is highly correlated with locations in other countries in ME1. Lines that were top performers in more than one ME and more than one country were identified. CIMMYT's breeding program continues to deliver improved and widely adapted germplasm for target environments.
Effective natural organic matter removal in pond water by carbon nanotube membrane with flocculation/adsorption
Authors: Lee Jieun , Vigneswaran Saravanamuth , Zhang Yongshun , Raj Reddy Ramireddy S. P. , Liu Zongwen
Published: January 2017

A carbon nanotube (CNT) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was applied to natural organic matter (NOM) removal in pond water treatment. The source water was pretreated by flocculation and/or adsorption prior to the UF process to alleviate permeate flux decline and improve NOM removal efficiency. The performance of a commercial polyethersulfone (PES) UF membrane was compared to evaluate that of the CNT membrane. The CNT membrane outperformed the PES-UF membrane. The permeate flux, total organic carbon and humic acid (HA) removal rate of the CNT membrane was observed to be 230 LMH/bar, 60%, and 80% when 30 mg/L poly aluminium chloride (PACI) flocculation was applied. This highlights that the permeate flux was three times higher with slightly higher rejection efficiency than the PES-UF membrane. In particular, severe permeate flux decline was completely overcome by the CNT membrane with 30 mg/L PACI coagulation. For powder activated carbon (PAC) adsorption, even though there was a severe permeate flux decline in the CNT membrane, almost complete HA removal (98%) was achieved when 0.5 g/L PAC adsorption was coupled. Based on the superior performance of the CNT membrane with pretreatment, the CNT membrane is suggested to be a robust system for a high concentration of organic matter pond water treatment without membrane flux decline.
Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Kualitas Layanan Rumah Sakit
Authors: Kartikasari Dwi , Dewanto Aryo , Saleh Maya Syahria
Published: January 2017

Pengukuran kualitas pelayanan secara berkala merupakan titik masuk dalam peningkatan mutu berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen penilaian kualitas layanan. Instrumen dikembangkan berdasarkan kuesioner kualitas layanan yang disusun oleh Padma yang selanjutnya dianalisis untuk melihat faktor pembentuk dimensi kualitas layanan. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner delapan dimensi kualitas layanan yang diukur berdasarkan persepsi pasien menggunakan skala Likert 5 poin. Kuesioner diberikan pada 84 pasien di Instalasi Rawat Jalan, Instalasi Rawat Inap dan Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD). Analisis data menggunakan Confirmatory Analysis Factor (CFA ) dengan uji kecukupan sampel KMO MSA>0,50 pada semua dimensi dengan signifikasi bartlett test 0,00 (Sign<0,05). Ekstraksi dan rotasi faktor dilakukan hingga terbentuk satu komponen pada satu dimensi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 8 dimensi kualitas layanan yang terdiri 59 item pernyataaan, setelah dilakukan analisis menggunakan Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) dengan loading factor diatas 0,50, menghasilkan 3-7 item pada masing-masing dimensi sehingga didapatkan 37 item. Dimensi infrastruktur dibentuk oleh 5 item, kualitas personil dibentuk oleh 6 item, proses perawatan klinis dibentuk oleh 4 item, prosedur administrasi dibentuk oleh 4 item, indikator keselamatan pasien dibentuk oleh 3 item, citra rumah sakit dibentuk oleh 5 item, tanggung jawab sosial dibentuk oleh 3 item, dan kepercayaan terhadap rumah sakit dibentuk oleh 7 item.Kata Kunci: Kepuasan pasien, kualitas layanan rumah sakit, kuesioner
Faktor Pembentuk Kepuasan Kerja Tenaga Kesehatan di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Faramita Nanditya Ika , Mansur Mohammad , Huda Samsul
Published: January 2017

Tingkat turnover tenaga kesehatan yang tinggi dapat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pelayanan Rumah Sakit. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi turnover tenaga kesehatan adalah kepuasan kerja yang juga dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang membentuk kepuasan kerja tenaga kesehatan yang menurunkan angka turnover dan kinerja RS. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik dengan responden 84 tenaga kesehatan yag terdiri dari perawat, bidan, farmasi, analis laboratorium, radiografer, ahli gizi, perekam medis, dan fisioterapis. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan diukur dengan skala Likert 5 tingkat. Data dianalisis dengan analisa faktor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terbentuk faktor intrinsik dan ektrinsik yang mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja. Faktor intrinsik yang terbentuk adalah penghargaan. Faktor ektrinsik yang terbentuk adalah kebijakan RS, gaji dan kompensasi, lingkungan kerja dan hubungan antara atasan dengan bawahan. Terdapat masalah komunikasi yang mempengaruhi persepsi kepuasan kerja oleh tenaga kesehatan di RSX.Kata Kunci: Faktor ektrinsik, faktor intrinsik, kepuasan kerja, tenaga kesehatan
Peran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Dokter dalam Ketepatan Koding Diagnosis berdasar ICD 10
Authors: Noor Viva Maiga Mahliafa , Ansyori Anis , Hariyanto Tuti
Published: January 2017

Berdasarkan data di RS X di Malang, sejak diterapkannya INA-CBG pada tahun 2009 masih terdapat ketidaksesuaian diagnosis dengan kode ICD-10. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketepatan penulisan koding diagnosis ICD-10 oleh tenaga medis RS X di Malang. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam (In depth interview) dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lemahnya pengetahuan, pemahaman dan sikap Dokter terhadap pentingnya akurasi koding diagnosis sesuai ICD 10 dalam manajemen di rumah sakit, meskipun sudah terpapar dengan pelatihan dan sosialisasi yang didukung dengan adanya prosedur standar. Rumah sakit perlu memperkuat pemahaman dan sikap positif Dokter terhadap akurasi koding diagnosis sesuai ICD yang didukung dengan mekanisme reward and punishment yang jelas.Kata Kunci: Akurasi koding diagnosis,dokter, Â ICD 10, pengetahuan dan sikap
Metode Skrining Gizi di Rumah Sakit dengan MST Lebih Efektif dibandingkan SGA
Authors: Herawati Herawati , Sarwiyata Triwahyu , Alamsyah Arief
Published: January 2017

Pelayanan asuhan gizi rawat inap adalah serangkaian kegiatan terorganisir atau terstruktur yang memungkinkan untuk identifikasi kebutuhan dan penyediaan asuhan gizi guna memenuhi kebutuhan pasien. Pelayanan asuhan gizi rawat inap meliputi skrining gizi dan PAGT (Proses Asuhan Gizi Terstandar). Ketepatan pemilihan, kemudahan penggunaan metode skrining gizi dan penerapan PAGT sangat diperlukan guna menunjang pelaksanaan asuhan gizi rawat inap yang lebih berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan memilih metode skrining gizi dan form PAGT yang diterapkan di Â RSI Unisma Malang yang lebih efektif dan efisien sehingga dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan gizi yang optimal sesuai dengan Pedoman Gizi Rumah Sakit (PGRS) Tahun 2013. Dilakukan uji coba penerapan metode skrining gizi dan form PAGT di ruang rawat inap RSI Unisma Malang serta dilakukan evaluasi efektifitas, efisiensi dari penerapan metode skrining gizi dan form PAGT tersebut. Hasilnya adalah peningkatan cakupan jumlah pasien yang terskrining menggunakan metode MST sebesar 34,4% dibandingkan dengan penggunaan metode SGA. Peningkatan cakupan jumlah pasien yang dilakukan PAGT sebesar 100% dari pasien yang beresiko tinggi malnutrisi dari yang dilakukan skrining awal. Metode skrining MST dinilai lebih cepat, sederhana, efektif, efisien dan aplikatif. Format PAGT lebih sederhana dan mudah dilakukan di RSI Unisma Malang.Kata Kunci: MST, PAGT, skrining gizi
Pengembangan Lembar Timbang Terima Dokter di Unit Gawat Darurat untuk Membangun Komunikasi Efektif
Authors: Dwi Harjayanti Nofita , Tri Rahmi Asih , Wiyanto Satra
Published: January 2017

Komunikasi pada masa transisi pelayanan di rumah sakit merupakan titik kritis dalam manajemen keselamatan pasien. Unit Gawat Darurat rumah sakit merupakan ujung tombak dan pintu masuk pelayanan dengan intensitas pelayanan yang tinggi, sehingga mempunyai potensi insiden yang tinggi pula. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi proses timbang terima untuk mengembangkan model form timbang terima sehingga meningkatkan kualitas komunikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif Â dengan cara melakukan observasi, membagikan kuisioner, Â dan diskusi dengan subjek penelitian. Observasi dilakukan pada tiga setting transisi pelayanan yaitu UGD, Kamar Bersalin dan Rawat Inap. Wawancara dan diskusi dilakukan responden Dokter UGD. Hasil observasi menunjukkan proses timbang terima yang belum baku terutama komponen informasi yang disampaikan sehingga mengakibatkan potensi insiden keselamatan pasien. Hasil diskusi kelompok mengidentifikasi komponen atau aspek penting yang harus dikomunikasikan pada proses timbang terima yang meliputi laporan kondisi dan perkembangan keseluruhan pasien, peralatan penunjang (inventaris peralatan) termasuk stok obat, serta kondisi pada unit terkait yang juga merupakan bagian dari tanggung jawab Dokter Jaga IGD. Format timbang terima yang dikembangkan merupakan timbang terima pada tingkat unit, sesuai dengan tanggungjawab Dokter Jaga.Kata Kunci: Keselamatan pasien, komunikasi, timbang terima
KEEFEKTIFAN PBL DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KREATIF MATEMATIS, SERTA SELF-ESTEEM SISWA SMP
Authors: Happy Nurina , Widjajanti Djamilah Bondan
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) keefektifan problem-based learning (PBL) ditinjau dari (a) kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis, (b) kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis, dan (c) self-esteem; serta (2) perbandingan keefektifan problem-based learning dan pembelajaran konvensional ditinjau dari (a) kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis, (b) kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis, dan (c) self-esteem. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode pemberian pretest dan posttest kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif matematis, serta pemberian angket self-esteem sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Uji statistik yang diguna-kan adalah uji proporsi dan uji selisih antara dua proporsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada taraf signifikansi 5% dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) problem-based learning efektif ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis, tetapi tidak efektif ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dan self-esteem; serta (2) problem-based learning lebih efektif dibandingkan pembelajaran konvensional ditinjau dari (a) kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis, (b) kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis, dan (c) self-esteem. Kata kunci: problem-based learning, berpikir kritis, berpikir kreatif, self-esteem
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN ASESMEN HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL (HOTS) PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SMP KELAS VIII SEMESTER 1
Authors: Budiman Agus , Jailani Jailani
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan instrumen asesmen matematika berupa soal tes HOTS yang valid dan reliabel, dan mendeskripsikan kualitas soal tes HOTS untuk mengukur keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi pada peserta didik SMP kelas VIII. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang diadaptasi dari model pengembangan Borg & Gall, yang meliputi langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: penelitian dan pengumpulan informasi, perencanaan, pengembangan produk awal, uji coba terbatas, revisi produk awal, uji coba lapangan, dan revisi produk akhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen asesmen HOTS berupa soal tes HOTS yang terdiri dari 24 butir soal pilihan ganda dan 19 butir soal uraian dari aspek materi, konstruksi, dan bahasa dinyatakan valid dan layak digunakan. Instrumen tersebut mempunyai koefisien reliabilitas sebesar 0,713 (soal pilihan ganda) dan sebesar 0,920 (soal uraian). Soal pilihan ganda memiliki rata-rata tingkat kesukaran 0,406 (sedang), rata-rata daya pembeda 0,330 (baik), dan semua pengecoh berfungsi baik. Soal uraian memiliki rata-rata tingkat kesukaran 0,373 (sedang) dengan rata-rata daya pembeda 0,508 (baik). Kata kunci: pengembangan, instrumen asesmen, Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), matematika SMP
Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran bangun ruang di SMP dengan pendekatan problem-based learning
Authors: Sulistyani Niluh , Retnawati Heri
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa perangkat pembelajaran bangun ruang SMP dengan pendekatan problem-based learning yang valid, praktis, dan efektif dilihat dari pencapaian kompetensi dasar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan sikap terhadap matematika. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan model 4D yang meliputi tahap pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan tahap disseminasi. Hasil penelitian berupa perangkat pembelajaran bangun ruang yang terdiri atas silabus, RPP, LKS, dan instrumen evaluasi berupa tes pencapaian kompetensi dasar dan kemampuan berpikir kritis yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Kevalidan perangkat mencapai kategori sangat baik ditinjau dari penilaian para ahli. Kepraktisan perangkat mencapai kategori sangat baik ditinjau dari penilaian guru, penilaian peserta didik, dan observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Aspek keefektifan dipenuhi dari tercapainya minimal 75% peserta didik lulus KKM ditinjau dari pencapaian kompetensi dasar dan berpikir kritis, serta lebih dari 80% peserta didik mempunyai sikap terhadap matematika dalam kategori tinggi. Dari kegiatan ekperimen diperoleh bahwa perangkat yang dikembangkan lebih efektif daripada perangkat pembelajaran konvensional ditinjau dari pencapaian kompetensi dasar, berpikir kritis, dan sikap terhadap matematika.Kata Kunci: pengembangan, perangkat pembelajaran, pendekatan problem-based learning, bangun ruang SMP Developning Space Learning Kits in Junior High School with Problem-Based Learning ApproachAbstractThis study was aimed to produce space learning kits with problem-based learning approach in Junior High School which was valid, practical, and effective based on achievement of basic competence, critical thinking skill, and attitude towards mathematics. This study was and development study using the 4D development model that included defining, designing, developing, and  disseminating phase. This study produced valid, practical, and effective space learning kits that consisted of syllabus, lesson plans, students’ worksheets, and assessment tests that included test of basic competence achievement and critical thinking test. Kits validity gets very good category from expert assessment. Kits practically gets very good category from teachers assessment, students assessment, and observation of learning implementation. The aspect of effectiveness was seen from achievement minimal 75% of the student pass the minimum score for achievement of basic competence and critical thinking skill, and more than 80% of student have attitude toward mathematics in high category. The result of experiment activity shows that the developed learning kits more effective than conventional learning kits based on achievement of basic competence, critical thinking, and attitude toward mathematics.Keywords: development, learning kits, problem-based learning approach, space