bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on Two Endemic Species of Genus Premna and their Conservational Importance
Authors: Francis Steffy , Gideon V. Anand , Britto S. John , Dessy VJ
Published: September 2019

The genus Premna (Lamiaceae-APG IV) consists of about 200 species that are native mainly to the tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, Australia and the Pacific islands. The species ofPremna are well known for their medicinal properties and have been used in Indian traditional system of medicine especially for diarrhoea, stomach and hepatic disorders. The aim of this review is to highlight two endemic species Premna rajendranii and Premna paucinervisand their importance of conservation. This review also helps to summarize the recent advances in the studies on genus Premna, its endemic status and their distribution in Western Ghats.

Keywords: Endemism, Western Ghats, Premna rajendranii, Premna paucinervis
Anti-Anemic and Haemopoietic Evaluation of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) in Rodent Model
Authors: Chourasiya Anand , Sahu Rakesh Kumar , Khan Mohd Azaz
Published: September 2019

The health benefits and medicinal properties of herbal food products are known since antiquity. Fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn (T. foenum-graecum, Fabaceae), a seed spice used to enhance flavor, color and texture of food is employed for medicinal purposes in many traditional systems.  Ethno botanical survey of T. foenum-graecum revealed the seeds of the plant to be useful in anemia. The objective of this study was to study the ant-anemic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of seeds of T. foenum-graecum against phenylhydrazine induced anemic rat model. The hydroalcoholic extracts of seeds were prepared by soxhlation. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts was performed using standard testing procedures. Hemolytic anemia was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of phenylhydrazine HCl (PHZ) at doses of 40 mg/kg of body weight during two successive days then one day after the animals were treated orally by the hydroalcoholic extracts with the amounts of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of body weight and Dexorange (reference drug) up to 13 days. The rats were analyzed for hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC) on day 2 and 13. Phytochemical screening of the extracts indicated the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, sterols, polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids. Anemia was induced successfully in Groups II, III, IV and V which was indicated by a mean reduction of 51.6% in RBC count; 52.85% in Hb content and 54.9% in WBC. Analysis of hematological parameters on day 13 showed that extract significantly (p<0.05) improved Hb, RBC and WBC count at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. This study, not only substantiates the folklore use of the seed of T. foenum-graecum, but also suggests its inclusion in the treatment of anemia as it exhibited significant anti-anemic activity

Keywords: Trigonella foenum-graecum, Anemia, Phytochemical analysis, Phenyl hydrazine, Dexorange
Formulation, Development and Characterization of Transdermal Patches of Sitagliptin Phosphate
Authors: Shukla Kavita Varma , Swamy Manisha , Pathak Rekha
Published: September 2019

Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4-(DPP-4) inhibitor with glucose controlling capabilities that was effectively used for treating diabetes in the past. However, the oral administration of this drug caused such severe side effects that it was removed from the market. Transdermal patches are innovative drug delivery systems and can be used for achieving efficient systemic effect by passing hepatic first pass metabolism and increasing the fraction absorbed. Transdermal patches of Sitagliptin phosphate (SIT) were prepared by the solvent casting evaporation technique using ethyl cellulose: HPMC, Eudragit RLPO, propylene glycol and permeation enhancer using different ratios. The physicochemical parameters such as flexibility, thickness, smoothness, weight variation, moisture content, hardness, folding endurance and tensile strength were evaluated for the prepared patches. The formulation exhibited flexibility, uniform thickness and weight, smoothness, good drug content (95.65to 99.45%) and little moisture content. The in vitro diffusion studies were carried out using modified Franz diffusion cell using egg membrane as the diffusion membrane and the formulation followed the Higuchi diffusion mechanism. The formulation containing ethyl cellulose: HPMC as polymers showed faster release rate compared to Eudragit: HPMC.  The stability studies indicated that all the patches maintained good physicochemical properties and drug content after storing the patches in different storage conditions. Compatibility studies indicated that there was no interaction between the drug and polymers. Hence, the aim of the present study was to prepare the sustained release formulation (Transdermal patches) of the drug using different blend of polymers.

Keywords: Transdermal patches, Sitagliptin phosphate, Physicochemical parameters, in vivo study
ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Costus spicatus JACQ. IN RHIZOME EXTRACT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS –HISTOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Azhagu Madhavan S , Senthilkumar S , Andrews S , Ganesan S
Published: September 2019

Objective: The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and each group consisted of 6 rats and the duration of treatment was 45 days. Body weight, fasting plasma glucose levels, SGOT, SGPT and ALP levels were measured.

Methods: Albino Wistar male rats; 10- weeks old with a bodyweight ranged between 180-250 g were used. Anti-diabetic effect of plant Costus spicatus. In rhizome extract of ethanol extract.

Result: The present study clearly indicates in the form of administration of C. spicatus rhizome extract towards glucose fed mice normalizes blood glucose level. Recent studies have revealed induced diabetic rats caused anti-diabetic effects. Histopathological studies of Pancreasin diabetic and treated groups are determined to show the protective action of the ECS. The administration of STZ resulted in a significant increase in plasma glucose level, SGOT, SGPT and ALP along with a reduction in body weight.

Conclusion: All these effects were observed on 45th day. ECS and Glibenclamide of STZ induced diabetic animals restored the normal plasma glucose levels and SGOT, SGPT and ALP levels without damaging the pancreas.

Keywords:Anti-hypolipidemic, diabetes mellitus, peripheral insulin resistance, pancreatic, STZ.
Stability indicating RP-HPLC method development for docetaxel trihydrate
Authors: Rarokar Nilesh R. , Khedekar Pramod B.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of present study was to develop RP-HPLC method for estimation of docetaxel trihydrate which should be a suitable, simple, precise, accurate, robust, and reproducible. The samples were assayed by the Shimadzu HPLC instrument - LC-20AD (Japan) equipped with Shimadzu SPD-M20A UV-VIS detector operated at wavelength of 230 nm. The binary gradiant pump was used for the analytical method development. The reverse phase stainless steel column (150 × 4.6 mm) packed with 5 μm particles (C-8, LiCrosphore® 100, Germany) was used to take chromatograph. A mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/phosphate buffer 20 mM, (45:55, v/v), pH 3.5 adjusted with o-phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The method was validated by system suitability and reproducibility. The linearity was also determined using samples with five different concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µg/mL. The results of the study showed that the developed RP-HPLC method is simple and robust which is useful for the estimation of docetaxel trihydrate in bulk drug and in pharmaceutical dosage form. The results of stability show that the method has stability over a period of 48 h at room temperature.

Keyword: Docetxel trihydrate, RP-HPLC method, validation, stability
Clinical Endpoint: Substitute for Prediction of Clinical Benefit
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Rama Krishna A.
Published: September 2019

An endpoint is a primary or secondary outcome used to judge the effectiveness of a treatment; it is a precisely defined variable intended to reflect an outcome of interest thatis statistically analyzed. An endpoint usually specifies the sort of assessments made, the timing of those assessments, the assessment tools used and possibly other details, as applicable, such as how multiple assessments within an individual are to be combined. There are different types of endpoints used in clinical trails like primary endpoint, secondary endpoint, multiple endpoint and surrogate endpoint. Primary endpoint means the outcome or event that most accurately measures the benefit of the therapy or drug being studied and this is the most clinically important endpoint. Secondary endpoints are related to toxicity and undesired effects of the new therapy to demonstrate additional effects on the disease or condition. Multiple endpoint is useful in determining clinical advantage of drug depending on one illness side. A surrogate endpoint is a laboratory measure or a physical sign supposed to be used as a substitute for a clinically meaningful endpoint which in all fairness possible to predict clinical benefit.
Patient Compliance: A Milestone in Therapy
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Niharika V.
Published: September 2019

Quality healthcare will be obtained by the adherence or the compliant behavior of the patient. Poor compliance has a major effect on the clinical consequences and the therapeutic effects of the dosage regimen. The present review is an effort to study the reported clinical studies and the referred conclusions. Studies show that poor compliance reduces the therapeutic efficacy of the dosage regimen to a certain degree. Poor or partial compliance may be due to several reasons, one of which is the behavioral patterns of the patients. Several studies report the methods to measure compliance so as to determine the effect of the compliance on the therapeutic efficacy. Compliant patients have the greater chances of obtaining the maximum benefits of the prescribed medication.
Review on Pharmacological potentials of Prosopis juliflora
Authors: Ukande Manisha Dnyandeo , Shaikh Shakila , Murthy Krishna , Shete Rajkumar
Published: September 2019

Prosopis juliflora is one of the most widely used herbal plants in treating diabetes mellitus. This plant mainly belongs to the Leguminosae (Mimosaceae) family. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 80% of the population is still depends upon herbal medicines for their treatment of diseases due to various advantages such as ease of availability, economic and less side effects when compared to allopathic system of medicines. This plant has broad ecological amplitude and is adapted to a wide range of soils. It is generally found in the areas where water and soil fertility are the primary agents limiting plant growth, and is able to survive, and even thrive, on some of the poorest land, unsuitable for any other tree species. The phytoconstituents present in this plant are tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes and steroids. This plant shows various pharmacological activities such as anti-bacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity. The review of this plant suggests that the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids and other secondary metabolites are responsible for its pharmacological activities there for, the plant plays a vital role in maintenance of the human health and wellbeing. The present review deals with various pharmacological effects established on plant P. juliflora
Titration Design: An Important Key in Drug Dose Determination
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Venkata Sandhya R
Published: September 2019

Drug titration is the process of adjusting the dose of a medicine for the maximum benefits without adverse effects. To determine the optimum dose range the clinical trials are carried out and it is divided into two types of study design. The parallel type study design and titration type study design. The titration studies provide the information about the cumulative effects of the drug. Titration designs are mainly used in dose determining especially in insulin, anticonvulsants, anti-depressants, and sedatives. In the analysis of titration design, the phase I, II, III clinical trials are carried out to determine the dose-response relationship, safety and efficacy of the drug.
UV-Spectrophotometric Estimation of Olopatadine hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by Zero, First and Second Order Derivative Methods
Authors: Aher Smita. S. , Gawali Jayshree S. , Saudagar Ravindranath B.
Published: September 2019

Simple and accurate UV spectrophotometric methods by Zero, First and Second order derivative method  have been developed and validated for the estimation of Olopatadine hydrochloride in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form. The standard and sample solutions of Olopatadine hydrochloride were prepared in methanol and water. Olopatadine hydrochloride was estimated at 299, 289 and 267 nm for the  derivative UV-spectrophotometric method. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 20 to 120 μg / mL with coefficient of correlation value 0.9996, 0.999 and 0.999 for Zero, First and Second order derivative method. These methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH and USP guidelines. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation were of less than 2 for the above three methods respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of Olopatadine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and were found to be satisfactory. The proposed methods are simple, easy to apply, low-cost and require relatively inexpensive instruments.

Keywords: Olopatadine HCl, UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Derivative Spectroscopy, Method validation.
Formulation Optimization of Polyox Based Modified Release Drug Delivery System
Authors: Shah Sunil , Shukla Dilip , Pandey Harish
Published: September 2019

Polyethylene Oxide (PEOs) offer specific advantages to be used in pharmaceutical products as release modifiers by forming a hydrogel around the dosage form in aqueous environment causing the drug to follow a diffusional path before releasing into the media. The strength of the hydrogel governs the release retardation capacity of the PEO system. The objective of this dissertation work was to use the Design of Experiments methodology to develop and optimize a PEO based modified release formulation of a highly water-soluble drug like Metoprolol succinate. The effect of the different viscosity grade PEOs, their concentration with respect to the drug, combination of two different viscosity grades, % drug content in the formulation and the use of water soluble / insoluble fillers on the dissolution of metoprolol succinate was studied. The critical formulation parameters namely PEO concentration and % drug content were chosen as input factors and dissolution at 1, 4, 8 and 20 hours was recorded as responses to carry out optimization using the DOE approach. The results obtained after statistical treatment of data provided a design space that can be used for achieving the desired formulation profile. The model has been validated to predict the effect of the input factors (PEO type and concentration and % drug content) on the responses (in vitro dissolution).

Keywords: Polyethylene Oxide, Modified Release Drug Delivery System, Metoprolol
Human papillomavirus is the cause of human prostate cancer
Authors: Barukčić Ilija
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of the present meta-analysis study is to investigate whether human papillomavirus (HPV) serves as a cause or as the cause of human prostate cancer (PC).  

Methods: The PubMed database was searched for suitable articles. Previously published expert reviews and systematic meta-analysis were used as an additional source to identify appropriate articles. Articles selected for this meta-analysis should fulfill the following inclusion criteria: (a) no data access barrier, (b) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA based identification of HPV. The method of the conditio sine qua non relationship was used to prove the hypotheses whether being married is a necessary condition (a conditio sine qua non) of PC. In other words, without being married no PC. The method of the conditio per quam relationship (sufficient condition) was used to prove the hypotheses if HPV is present in human prostate tissues then PC is present too. The mathematical formula of the causal relationship k was used to prove the hypothesis, whether there is a cause effect relationship between HPV and PC. Significance was indicated by a p-value (two sided) of less than 0.05.

Results: In to more than 33 studies were considered for a meta-analysis. Several studies support the hypotheses without being married no PC. All the studies considered for a re-analysis support the null-hypotheses if HPV then PC, while the cause effect relationship between HPV and PC was highly significant.

Conclusions: HPV is the cause of PC.

Keywords: Human papillomavirus, prostate cancer, causality
Therapeutic Equivalence: A Connecting Link Between Test Drug and Reference Drug
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Soujanya G.V.R.L.
Published: September 2019

The concept of therapeutic equivalence is becoming increasingly important in today’s cost – conscious environment. Though an effective therapy already exists, but clinically equivalent therapy also becoming important. An improved toxicity profile better effects on symptoms and ease of administration may be important considerations. In these positive controls substantial effect is required to define equivalence. The goal is to prove that the new treatment is not inferior to standard, since providing that two treatments are equal is not possible. The superiority trials demonstrate the better efficacy of the treatment against the concurrent placebo control.  Innovative drugs become available for the treatment of number of diseases. These, new products may offer some specific advantages over the standard drugs. The Placebo controlled trials are invariably unethical, when known effective therapy is available for the condition being studies. The active controlled trials are used extensively in the development of new pharmaceuticals. The equivalence limit is defined by a lower equivalence or upper equivalence limit. These, principles are proposed for setting such limits, depending on the objective of the study placebo conditions and methods based on statistical properties.
Protocol Development: A Contract Between Sponsor and Investigator
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Joshna B.
Published: September 2019

The main aim of this review which is published by the European Medicines Agency EMEA and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)[1-7] is to describe about the importance of protocol in clinical trials.When developing a successful study designand writing a protocol, the researcher must address various successful components including the type of data being collected, data handling, record keeping, outcome measures. A research protocol is a document that describes the background, rationale, objectives, design, methodology, statistical considerations and organization of clinical research project.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanodiamond-Doxorubicin (Dox) Conjugate for Effective Delivery against MCF-7 Cell Lines
Authors: Garg Sweta , Garg Ashish , Sahu Nitendra K. , Yadav Awesh K
Published: September 2019

In this work, we have introduced a carbon nanomaterial (nanodiamond), to bind with anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) with via amide bond conjugation for cancer drug delivery and therapy. Nanodiamond (ND) was initially carboxylated by the surface modification along the treatment with strong alkaline solution (H2SO4:HNO3) and then activated the carboxyl moiety of ND with the addition of EDC. Anticancer drugs were bound to the ND through a succession of chemical modifications by adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH). The ND-Drug conjugate was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Mass Spectroscopy (MS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Particle size, Zeta potential, Drug release, SRB assay against MCF-7 cells, and DNA fragmentation. Spectroscopic analysis confirms the conjugation of nanodiamond with different anticancer drug. AFM photomicrograph represents the surface morphological features of ND-DOX conjugates. In- vitro investigation showed that ND-DOX conjugates have slow and sustained drug release characteristics. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies, an enormous cytotoxic potential of ND-Drug conjugates were showed against cancer cell line. Above all findings were suggested that the ND-DOX conjugates may be a potential inhibitor of MCF-7 cancer cells to act as a drug candidate. According to all these data it can be confirm that the ND-DOX conjugates could be an effective agent for drug delivery and could be promising in future for tumor targeting strategy.

Keywords: Nanodiamond, Sustained Release, Drug Delivery, Cytotoxicity, Conjugates
A Review on Bioanalytical Method Development and Various Validation Stages Involved In Method Development Using RP- HPLC
Authors: Mujewar Imran N. , Bhusnure Omprakash G. , Jagtap Sneha R. , Gholve Sachin B. , Giram Padmaja S. , Savangikar Atul B.
Published: September 2019

Bioanalysis is an essential part in drug discovery and development. Bioanalysis is related to the analysis of analytes (drugs, metabolites, biomarkers) in biological samples and it involves several steps from sample collection to sample analysis and data reporting. The first step is sample collection from clinical or preclinical studies; then sending the samples to laboratory for analysis. Second step is sample preparation and it is very important step in bioanalysis. In order to reach reliable results, a robust and stable sample preparation method should be applied. The role of sample preparation is to remove interferences from sample matrix and improve analytical system performance. Sample preparation is often labour intensive and time consuming. This guideline defines key elements necessary for the validation of bioanalytical methods. The guideline focuses on the validation of the bioanalytical methods generating quantitative concentration data used for pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic parameter determinations. Guidance and criteria are given on the application of these validated methods in the routine analysis of study samples from animal and human studies. Measurement of drug concentrations in biological matrices (such as serum, plasma, blood, urine, and saliva) is an important aspect of medicinal product development. It is therefore paramount that the applied bioanalytical methods used are well characterised, fully validated and documented to a satisfactory standard in order to yield reliable results. This review provides an overview of bioanalytical method development and validation and main principles of method validation stages discussed.

Keywords: Bioanalysis, Sample Preparation, Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation
Therapeutic and Traditional Uses of Mangrove Plants
Authors: Vinoth R , Kumaravel S , Ranganathan R
Published: September 2019

Mangrove plants are specialized timbered plants growing in the swamps of tidal coastal areas and stream deltas of tropical and subtropical parts of the world. They have been utilized for medicinal and traditional purposes by the coastal folks over the years. A large number of mangrove plants grows natural and exploited especially, for use in indigenous pharmaceutical houses. Several mangroves genus produce expensive drugs which have high export potential. The utilization of plants and plant products as medicines could be traced as far back as the commencement of human civilization. Mangrove plants have been used in folklore medicines and extracts from mangrove species have prove inhibitory activity against human, animal and plant pathogens. Traditionally, the mangroves have been exploited for firewood and charcoal. Exploit has been found for mangroves in the manufacture of dwellings, furniture, boats and fishing gear, tannins for dyeing and leather production. The mangroves afford food and wide variety of traditional products and artefacts for the mangrove dwellers. The present review deals with the pharmacological activity, medicinal, traditional and produce bioactive compounds of mangrove medicinal plants.

Keywords: Mangroves, Medicinal, Pharmacological, Recourses, Traditional.
Tailormade Drug Delivery System: A Novel Trio Concept of 3DP+ Hydrogel+ SLA
Authors: Devi Lalita , Gaba Punam , Chopra Hitesh
Published: September 2019

Hydrogels possess three-dimensional polymeric network structure and equipped for retaining extensive measure of water or organic fluids. This quality makes them as exceptional candidate for the simulation of extra cellular matrixes. For this the three dimensional printing (3DP) has evolved as the technique for the formation of the digital models. The 3DP is capable for processing the prescriptions and the therapeutic gadgets. One of the technique known as stereolithographic (SLA) printing has shown promising results in formulating the hydrogel based system for fabrication. The SLA acts by cross connecting the saps to shape the polymer matrices. Due to water captured in the gels it is conceivable to create the pre- wetted, medicate hydrogels and gadgets. The 3DP helps in formation of tailor made drug delivery system as per needs of patients. Many of Bioinks has been tried up for the hydrogel formation such as collagen, gelatin, hyaluronan, silk, alginate, and nanocellulose etc.

Keywords: 3D Printing, Hydrogel, Steriolithography
Diş Hekimliği Öğrencilerinin Klinik Yeterliliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi ve Diş Çekimi Sırasında Karşılaşılan Komplikasyonların Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ATALAY Berkem , AKTÜRK Hüsna
Published: September 2019

Diş Hekimliği Öğrencilerinin Klinik
Yeterliliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi ve Diş Çekimi Sırasında Karşılaşılan
Komplikasyonların Karşılaştırılması

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Diş Hekimliği
dördüncü ve beşinci sınıf öğrencilerinin Ağız, Diş, Çene Cerrahisi Kliniği’nde mevcut
dental uygulamadaki yeterliliğin, klinik becerilerin, bilgi ve tutumlarının
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Materyal-Metot: Dördüncü ve beşinci sınıf
öğrencilerinin Ağız, Diş, Çene Cerrahisi Kliniği’nde diş çekimi sırasında
başarı ve başarısızlıkları 5 madde kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Cinsiyet, Diş Çekim Nedeni ve Ağız
Hijyeni değişkenleri sınıflara homojen dağılmıştır. Diş çekimi esnasında oluşan
komplikasyon oranı dördüncü sınıflar (16/42) ve beşinci sınıflar (7/42) açısından
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Yetkinlik, lisansüstü öğrencinin
bağımsız, denetlenmemiş, diş hekimliği pratiğine başlaması için gerekli olan
karmaşık bir yetenektir. Öğrencilerin teorik bilgiye sahip fakat sınırlı klinik
veya pratik deneyime sahip olarak tanımlanan süreç hakkında bilgi sahibi
olmalıdırlar. Dişlerin çekiminin, diş hekimliği mezunlarının yetkin olması
gereken temel bir klinik beceri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Klinik kabiliyetin
verimli değerlendirmesi ve öğrencilerin mezun olmadan önce yeterliliklerini
geliştirmek, yüksek kalitede sağlık hizmeti sunma becerilerini kazandırmak
gerekmektedir.
Hemşirelerde İş Güvenliğinin Bazı Değişkenler Yönünden İncelenmesi
Authors: TERZİ Banu , POLAT Şehrinaz , AZİZOĞLU Fatma , ATEŞ Nimet , GÜNGÖRMÜŞ Esra , İŞSEVER Halim
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipteki bu araştırma
hemşirelerde iş güvenliğini bazı değişkenler yönünden incelemek amacı ile
yapıldı.

Materyal-Metot: Araştırmanın örneklemini bir üniversitenin farklı iki
hastanesinde çalışan ve araştırmaya istekli ve gönüllü olan toplam 1072 hemşire
oluşturdu. Araştırmanın verileri “Hemşire Bilgi Formu ve İş Güvenliği Ölçeği”
ile toplandı.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin yaş ortalaması 35,43±8,85
yıl olup çoğunluğunu (%94,6) kadın hemşireler oluşturdu. Hemşirelerin
%61,8’inin evli, %65,1’inin lisans mezunu olduğu belirlendi. Hemşirelerin
“Mesleki hastalıklar ve şikâyetler” alt boyutu toplam puan ortalamasının
1,65±0,65; “Sağlık taraması ve kayıt sistemleri” alt boyutu toplam puan ortalamasının
2,43±1,08; “Kazalar ve zehirlenmeler” alt boyutu toplam puan ortalamasının
2,53±1,18; “Yönetsel destek ve yaklaşımlar” alt boyutu toplam puan
ortalamasının 1,95±0,88; “Malzeme, araç ve gereç denetimi” alt boyutu toplam
puan ortalamasının 2,63±1,22; “Koruyucu önlemler ve kurallar” alt boyutu toplam
puan ortalamasının 3,09±1,34; “Fiziksel ortam uygunluğu” alt boyutu toplam puan
ortalamasının 2,34±1,26; İş Güvenliği Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamasının ise
2,23±0,72 (Min.=1-Mak.=5) olduğu belirlendi. Hemşirelerin iş kazası geçirme
durumu ile iş güvenliğinin tüm alt boyutları ve toplam iş güvenliği puan
ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel anlamlılıkla farklılıklar saptandı
(p<0,05).

Sonuç: Araştırmada hemşirelerin iş güvenliğinin yeterli düzeyde
sağlanamadığı, hastanelerdeki hasta ve çalışan sağlığı komitelerine ve iş
sağlığı ve güvenliği birimlerine bu anlamda çok büyük sorumluluklar düştüğü
sonucuna varıldı.
Apresentação
Authors: Terra Dinah Vasconcellos
Published: September 2019

Apresenção da Edição nº 10, ano 6, 2019.1
Effectiveness of the board of directors in monitoring executive management: Preliminary evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Adeem Khalid , Al-Sogair Ibrahim
Published: September 2019

Elements of corporate governance must be activated at all scales for the efficient functioning of a nation’s capital market. The effectiveness of the board of directors depends on factors related to, for example, the composition of the board and its independence. This study aims to investigate empirically whether the board of directors is an effective mechanism for monitoring managers in Saudi Arabia through a survey. A questionnaire that was developed and employed by Elyas (2015) is utilized for data collection after modifying it and judging its appropriateness. We targeted individuals who had relevant experience as members of the board of directors as our respondents. Only 29 subjects took the survey. The results indicate that the respondents generally disagree with the survey items, pointing out the ineffectiveness of the board of directors in monitoring executive management. Although the subjects’ credible experience can be assumed, the generalizability of our research findings is limited because of the low number of respondents.
Public Administration of Agricultural Land: Case of Samara Region
Authors: Vlasov Alexandr , Vasilieva Darya , Parsova Velta
Published: September 2019

As result of land reform in Russian Federation the public administration of agricultural land has been totally transformed. Land reform was carried out in order to solve problems in the sphere of agriculture, housing construction, ecology, creating a plurality of land ownership forms, introducing land use payments, etc. The decision to cancel monopoly of state ownership in land and to create institution of private property was made. The land redistribution projects for each farm were made, where stock of shares, stock of land redistribution and stock of land administered by previous soviet village councils was represented. The example of the Samara region was used to develop mechanisms for transfer of public land to private ownership. Currently, the situation with use of the land in many agricultural enterprises can be considered as unsatisfactory due to unsystematic economic activity - there are no or are not implemented scientifically based crop rotations, natural soil fertility is not taken into account, there is no modern cartographic material indicating the size of the fields, degree of slope and degree of erosion. Significant deterioration of the agro-ecological situation and the spread of negative processes on arable land require changes in national land policy and development of comprehensive measures to organize rational use of land. In the near future, a significant modernization of national and federal land legislation is planned, which will affect all subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of the management and use of agricultural land.
Private versus Public Corporate Ownership: Implications for Future Changes in Profitability
Authors: Allee Kristian D. , Badertscher Brad A. , Yohn Teri Lombardi
Published: September 2019

We investigate the association between public versus private ownership and future changes in profitability. Managers have long debated the implications of public and private corporate ownership; however, little empirical research has provided insight into the issue. We find robust evidence that public firms are associated with significantly lower future changes in operating profitability compared to private firms matched on current profitability, size, growth, and industry. We also find that the differential future changes in profitability of public and private firms manifests in both future changes in profit margins and changes in asset turnovers. Additionally, we find evidence consistent with an association between short-termism, competition, and agency costs and the lower future changes in profitability for public versus private firms. The results provide insight for managers and investors into the differential future changes in profitability of public versus private firms and into the factors that drive the differential profitability.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M44.

Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the paper.
Fire nordiske Ruslands-relationer. På vej mod en fællesnordisk Ruslands-politik efter Krim og Trump?
Authors: Mouritzen Hans
Published: September 2019

Rusland er en vigtig aktør for de nordiske lande ikke bare i Østersø-området, men også i Barents-regionen og i Arktis. For at opnå et fuldgyldigt billede af de involverede dynamikker bør de enkelte nordiske landes Ruslands-relationer studeres samlet. De dansk-russiske, norsk-russiske, svensk-russiske og finsk-russiske relationer har udviklet sig ret forskelligt siden år 2000. Der eksisterer to barrierer for nordisk sikkerhedspolitisk samarbejde: (1) landenes forskellige geografiske beliggenhed og (2) bestemte indbyrdes idiosynkrasier, der ofte bunder i forskellige opfattelser af deres fælles historie. Derfor har det traditionelt været muligt for stormagter at praktisere ’del og hersk’ i forhold til de nordiske lande, og det synes også at være lykkedes for Rusland siden år 2000. Men i kølvandet på Ukraine-konflikten og valget af Donald Trump til USA's præsident er der sket en konvergens mellem trusselsopfattelserne og dermed de geopolitiske interesser i de nordiske hovedstæder. I fravær af idiosynkrasier vil det nordiske sikkerheds- og forsvarspolitiske samarbejde derfor blive styrket, om end en fælles Ruslands-politik er urealistisk. Alle fire lande, ikke mindst Sverige, står over for vanskelige dilemmaer.
Abstract in English
The Nordic countries interact with Russia not only in the Baltic Sea region, but also in the Barents region and in the Polar Arctic. In order to get a full picture of the underlying dynamics, individual Nordic Russia-relations should be studied in a comprehensive framework. Swedish-Russian, Danish-Russian, Norwegian-Russian, and Fenno-Russian relations have developed differently since about 2000. There are two barriers to Nordic security policy cooperation: (1) the countries’ different geographical locations, and (2) various idiosyncrasies between pairs of Nordic countries, typically rooted in different interpretations of their common history. Thus, the Nordic soil has traditionally been fertile for great powers seeking to ‘divide and rule’, and Russia has apparently succeeded in this since about 2000. However, in the wake of Russia’s involvement in the Ukraine conflict and the election of Donald Trump as US president, geopolitical interests seem to be converging with fairly even threat perceptions being found in Nordic capitals. In the absence of idiosyncrasies, this will strengthen security and defence cooperation, although a common Nordic Russia-policy will not materialize. All four countries, in particular Sweden, face difficult dilemmas in this new situation.
ANALISIS NASKAH DRAMA KARYA SISWA KELAS VIII A SMP NEGERI 7 SINGARAJA DIKAJI DARI SEGI STRUKTUR DRAMATIK DAN PANDANGAN PARA TOKOH
Authors: Widiastuti Ni Kd. Trisna , Sutresna Ida Bagus , Darmayanti Ida Ayu Made
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan (1) struktur dramatik dalam naskah drama karya siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 7 Singaraja, dan (2) pandangan para tokoh dalam naskah drama karya siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 7 Singaraja. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah naskah drama karya siswa kelas VIIIA SMP Negeri 7 Singaraja. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa struktur dramatik dan pandangan para tokoh. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) sebagian besar siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 7 Singaraja sudah mampu membuat naskah drama dengan struktur dramatik yang lengkap dimulai dari bagian awal (eksposisi), komplikasi (konflik), bagian tengah (klimaks/krisis), bagian akhir (resolusi), dan simpulan (konklusi). Selain itu, terdapat siswa yang membuat naskah drama hanya terdiri atas empat bagian, tiga bagian, dan dua bagian struktur dramatik. (2) Naskah drama yang ditulis oleh siswa sebagian besar sudah menunjukkan pandangan tokoh yang terdapat pada dialog para tokoh. Siswa sudah mampu membuat pandangan para tokoh dengan baik. Siswa mengemas pandangan tersebut sesuai dengan yang mereka alami, lihat, ataupun dengar. Pandangan-pandangan yang ada pada naskah drama siswa meliputi: pandangan mengenai arti persahabatan, anak yang durhaka, pertengkaran, tolong menolong (sosial), kesehatan, dan tidak menyakiti makhluk hidup lainnya.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN VISUAL BAGI PEBELAJAR BIPA PEMULA DI UNDIKSHA
Authors: Lestari Ni Made Candra Puspita , Sutama I Made , Utama I Dewa Gede Budi
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menjabarkan desain pengembangan media pembelajaran visual bagi pebelajar BIPA pemula, (2) menguji validitas hasil pengembangan media pembelajaran visual, dan (3) mengetahui respon pebelajar BIPA terhadap media pembelajaran yang digunakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian pengembangan  (Research and Development), dan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa BIPA tingkat pemula di Undiksha. Objek penelitian adalah media pembelajaran flashcard. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah metode pencatatan dokumen, wawancara, dan angket. Untuk menganalisis data hasil penelitian, dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data yaitu, analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) desain pengembangan media pembelajaran flashcard sesuai dengan prosedur dan prinsip-prinsip media pembelajaran dan telah dikembangkan dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. (2) Hasil uji validitas ahli media pembelajaran menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran flashcard layak untuk dikembangkan dan digunakan dalam pembelajaran BIPA. (3) Respon peserta didik BIPA di Undiksha terhadap media pembelajaran flashcard mendapat kategori respon positif dengan rata-rata persentase 85,65%.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS BIOGRAFI DI KELAS X SMAN 1 SUKASADA
Authors: Ratih Ni Pt. Ayu , Nurjaya I Gede , Sriasih Sang Ayu Putu
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) prestasi siswa pada penggunaan model experiential learning dalam pembelajaran menulis teks biografi di kelas X SMAN 1 Sukasada, (2) langkah-langkah penggunaan model experiential learning dalam pembelajaran menulis teks biografi di kelas X SMAN 1 Sukasada, (3) respons siswa terhadap pelaksanaan model experiential learning dalam pembelajaran menulis teks biografi di kelas X SMAN 1 Sukasada. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan subjek penelitian guru bahasa Indonesia dan siswa. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi, dokumentasi, dan kuesioner yang dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) prestasi siswa dengan menggunakan model experiential learning dalam pembelajaran menulis teks biografi tergolong baik dengan rata-rata nilai 84,4, (2) penggunaan model experiential learning dalam pembelajaran menulis teks biografi telah memenuhi prosedur yang dipersyaratkan, yaitu (a) kegiatan pendahuluan guru mampu merangsang semangat siswa, (b) kegiatan inti siswa mampu menulis teks biografi sesuai struktur, dan (c) kegiatan penutup siswa mampu menyimpulkan materi yang diajarkan, (3) respons siswa terhadap penggunaan model experiential learning dalam pembelajaran menulis teks tergolong sangat positif.
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN READER RESPONS DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA NOVEL SISWA SMP MUTIARA SINGARAJA
Authors: Harsana Ngurah , Artika I Made , Sudiana I Nyoman
Published: September 2019

Penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan di SMP Mutiara Singaraja ini bertujuan (1) mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah penerapan pendekatan reader respons dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca novel siswa SMP Mutiara Singaraja, (2) mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan membaca novel siswa dengan menggunakan pendekatan reader respons di SMP Mutiara Singaraja, dan (3) mengetahui respons siswa terhadap penerapan pendekatan reader respons dalam pembelajaran memahami buku novel. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan dua siklus dan menggunakan lima tahap penelitian tindakan kelas, yakni (1) refleksi awal, (2) perencanaan tindakan, (3) pelaksanaan, (4) observasi dan evaluasi, dan (5) refleksi. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi, tes, angket/kuisioner, serta wawancara dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata siklus I adalah 69,05 atau mengalami peningkatan 8,35% dari nilai sebelumnya 60,70. Nilai rata-rata siklus II adalah 79,85 atau meningkat sebesar 10,8% dari siklus I dan meningkat 19,15% dari nilai rata-rata prasiklus. Perolehan rata-rata respons siswa pada siklus I sebesar 43,05 dalam kategori positif dan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 1,6%, sehingga menjadi 44,65 dalam kategori positif.
PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS BIOGRAFI MELALUI PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DI KELAS VIII A1 DI SMP NEGERI 1 SINGARAJA
Authors: Fitriani Kadek Ayu , Sutama I Made , Astika I made
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pembelajaran menulis teks biografi melalui pendekatan saintifik di kelas VIII A1 di SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja dan untuk mengetahui hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi siswa dalam belajar menulis teks biografi melalui pendekatan saintifik di kelas VIII A1 di SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru Bahasa Indonesia yang mengajar di kelas VIII A1 di SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja dan siswa kelas VIII A1 di SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja. Objek penelitian ini adalah proses belajar mengajar guru dan siswa dikelas VIII A1 di SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja dalam menulis teks biografi melalui pendekatan saintifik dan hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi siswa dalambelajar menulis teks biografi melalui pendekatan saintifik di kelas VIII A1 di SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, pelaksanaan pembelajaran menulis teks biografi melalui pendekatan saintifik pada siswa kelas VIII A1 di SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja sudah berlangsung baik sesuai dengan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) yang dibuat oleh guru dan pada setiap kegiatannya terdiri dari beberapa aspek. Semua aspek yang ada pada RPP telah terlaksanadan berlangsung dari awal hingga akhir kegiatan belajar mengajar pada pertemuan mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dalam materi menulis teks biografi. Hambatan yang dihadapi oleh siswa dalam belajar menulis teks biografi melalui pendekatan saintifik adalah kekurangmampuan siswa dalam menemukan ide dan membuat gaya cerita yang baik. Guru sudah memberikan alternatif untuk merangsang siswa dalam menemukan ide yang ditulis dan dikembangkan dalam menulis teks biografi.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR SHARE BERBANTUAN MEDIA INTERAKTIF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MENULIS BERITA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP PGRI 2 BULELENG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Adnyana Komang Surya , Wisudariani Ni Made Rai , Martha I Nengah
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) hasil belajar menulis berita siswa kelas VIII SMP PGRI 2 Buleleng tahun pelajaran 2017/2018, (2) pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share berbantuan media interaktif terhadap hasil belajar menulis berita siswa kelas VIII SMP PGRI 2 Buleleng tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian quasi eksperimen. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes dalam bentuk penugasan berupa menulis teks berita. Data hasil belajar menulis berita siswa dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) hasil belajar menulis berita siswa kelas VIII SMP PGRI 2 Buleleng adalah 80 terletak pada kategori sangat tinggi dan 72 dengan kategori tinggi, (2) Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Hal ini terlihat pada hasil analisis uji-t dengan lebih besar dari  yaitu 5,44 >1,67 dengan derajat kebebasan 49. Hasil belajar menulis berita yang signifikan inilah menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share berbantuan media interaktif terhadap hasil belajar menulis berita siswa kelas VIII SMP PGRI 2 Buleleng tahun ajaran 2017/2018.
PENGARUH KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER KELOMPOK ILMIAH REMAJA TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS KARYA ILMIAH SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 1 SAWAN
Authors: Dewi P. Herlyn Novita , Sriasih Sang Ayu Putu , Sudiana I Nengah
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh kegiatan ekstrakurikuler Kelompok Ilmiah Remaja terhadap keterampilan menulis karya ilmiah siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Sawan (2) kualitas karya ilmiah yang dihasilkan oleh siswa kelas XI anggota Kelomok Ilmiah Remaja dengan yang bukan anggota Kelomok Ilmiah Remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian Ex Post Facto. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Sawan tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 30 siswa yang menjadi anggota KIR, dan 30 siswa yang bukan anggota KIR. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode dokumentasi. Data dikumpulkan telah dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis data statistik dengan menggunakan teknik uji T dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) terdapat pengaruh kegiatan ekstrakurikuler KIR terhadap keterampilan menulis karya ilmiah siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Sawan. Hal ini ditunjukkan pada nilai thitung  >  ttabel (6,907 > 2,001) dan nilai signifikan 0,000 < 0,05 yang berarti H0 ditolak. (2) Terdapat perbedaan kualitas karya ilmiah yang dihasilkan oleh siswa anggota KIR dengan siswa yang bukan anggota KIR. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari rata-rata nilai siswa anggota KIR 79,27 sedangkan rata-rata nilai siswa bukan anggota KIR 70,30. Saran dalam penelitian ini (1) siswa diharapkan lebih mudah termotivasi untuk mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler KIR, (2) guru diharapkan mampu mendorong motivasi siswa untuk mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler KIR, (3) bagi sekolah hasi penelitian ini diharapkan kepada kepala sekolah mampu menggunakan ini sebagai dasar untuk meningkatkan penulisan karya ilmiah melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler KIR.