bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Physical Violence Against Corrections Officers Across Three Levels of Severity Using Individual and Environmental Characteristics
Authors: Taaka Samantha S. , Tamatea Armon , Polaschek Devon L. L.
Published: October 2024

Working in prisons can be a challenging job, managing a population of incarcerated people while keeping oneself, one’s colleagues, and the people themselves safe. Some corrections officers may expect violence in the workplace, yet being a victim of violence is no trivial experience. In prison, violent incidents are categorized according to the severity of the violence perpetrated. However, we do not know how characteristics of a violent incident may contribute to the severity of violence perpetrated toward corrections staff. To begin to address this gap, we examined characteristics of physical assault incidents in New Zealand prisons between 2016 and 2020, in which the perpetrator of the incident was a male prisoner and the victim was a corrections officer. We examined the prediction of incidents across three levels of severity using individual and environmental characteristics. Perpetrators of serious violence tended to be already segregated from the general population at the time of the assault. We also found that perpetrators of assault against staff were different from the general prison population: prisoners who assaulted staff were more likely to be younger, gang affiliated, and had higher security classifications compared to prisoners who did not assault staff. Research suggests that characteristics of perpetrators can contribute to their risk of perpetrating violence; we found that characteristics of perpetrators (i.e., being segregated) can also contribute to the severity of violence perpetrated. Furthermore, we offer a direct comparison between prisoners who assaulted staff and prisoners who did not, therefore cementing research that prisoners who assaulted staff are different from the rest of the prison population.
Viscoelastic-damageable behavior of sheet molding compound (SMC) composites
Authors: Shirinbayan Mohammadali , Abdessalem Abir , Kallel Achraf , Nouira Samia , Laribi Amine Mohamed , Fitoussi Joseph
Published: October 2024

The variability of microstructures in the SMC composite induced by the manufacturing process is very important. The volumetric fraction and reinforcement orientation distribution significantly affect the material’s mechanical properties in both the elastic and nonlinear phases, associated with the development of damage phenomena. The distribution of local stresses between the reinforcements and the matrix is conditioned by the privileged orientation of the reinforcements. This, in turn, influences both the elastic mechanical properties and the degradation mechanisms, resulting in a degree of anisotropy. Additionally, SMC composites typically exhibit viscoelastic-damageable behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the microstructure accurately and comprehensively to effectively manage the mechanical behavior and damage of SMC structures. The research process involved investigating the viscoelastic behavior of randomly oriented Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) composites using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) in the glass transition zone. By conducting a thorough analysis of the frequency and temperature-dependent behavior of the viscoelastic material, the experimental results obtained from the DMA test have been modeled. To demonstrate the effect of the matrix, two types of SMSs were utilized: standard SMC and Advanced SMC (A-SMC). The Cole-Cole experimental results fit well with the Perez model showing deformed semi-circles denoting the heterogeneity of the material system used in this study. The aim of this study is to link the WLF Law to the Perez model near the transition zone. The results demonstrated that dynamic properties can be plotted against temperature due to the strong correlation between the experimental and numerical data. Additionally, an increase in the strain rate results in a shift in the damage threshold and a reduction in damage kinetics. These effects are directly related to the damage thresholds and kinetics at the fiber-matrix interface.
AR-Based Upper Extremity Rehabilitation with Multimodal Feedback for Patients with Stroke and Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review
Authors: Islam Md Shafiqul
Published: October 2024

Augmented Reality (AR) is increasingly used in various remote rehabilitation applications for patients with functional limitations. Providing multimodal feedback using auditory, visual, or haptic modalities can offer effective guidance to the patient while they perform self-supervised rehabilitation exercises. This review examines the current uses of AR with multimodal feedback in upper extremity rehabilitation applications built for stroke and Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients by synthesizing nine peer-reviewed studies. The review identified the improvement and engagement that AR-based rehabilitation provides to such patients. The current body of literature shows that AR-based rehabilitation with multimodal feedback is promising. However, technology and its application for rehabilitation use are still in their infancy. More research is required in selecting effective feedback modalities and clinically-relevant health outcome measures and in providing diverse rehabilitation tasks designed specifically for stroke survivors and PD population.
Assessing the Impact of Combining Tropical Cyclone Hazard and Forecast Path Displays on User Comprehension and Decision Making
Authors: Millet Barbara , Ding Qinyu , Cairo Alberto , Evans Scotney D. , Majumdar Sharanya J. , McNoldy Brian D.
Published: October 2024

This study examines the impact of display type and prior experience with tropical cyclones on user comprehension, decision-making, and perceived ease of use. Responses were compared across three display types depicting tropical cyclone hazards, forecast path, and the combination of hazard and path information. We conducted a 3 (display) × 2 (experience) × 2 (tropical cyclone) between-subject online experiment ( N = 344). Results indicate that graphics that integrate tropical cyclone path and hazard information enhance comprehension. Prior experience significantly influenced comprehension and decision-making, with the experienced group exhibiting better performance. Perceived ease of use ratings showed an interaction effect between display type and experience group. This study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between display type, prior experience, and user interpretation of tropical cyclone-related information, warranting further exploration.
Driven by Purpose: Exploring Spirituality in Black Mothers’ Coping with Loss of Children to Gun Homicide
Authors: Bailey Annette , Boakye Priscilla , Esak Nadia , Johar Muna , Velasco Divine , Leung Clarina
Published: October 2024

The death of a Black child to gun homicide presents unique and ongoing coping challenges for Black parents. Current studies have provided insights into the role of spirituality in facilitating adjustment after homicide loss. However, the extent to which spirituality serves as a viable coping resource for Black mothers, who are disproportionately affected by gun homicide deaths of their children, remains unexplored. This exploratory phenomenological study explored the role of spirituality as a healing resource in 15 Black mothers’ grief experiences following the loss of their children to gun homicide. Thematic analysis revealed the role of spirituality in helping Black mothers find purpose in their loss. Following the loss of their children, mothers’ spiritual values enabled them to come to the realization that the deaths served a purpose. Spirituality served as the fuel to strengthen and renew their purpose in their grief journey. Gun homicide grief experience is an entanglement of systemic inequality and racial oppression. Exploring spirituality as a coping resource in the grieving experiences of Black survivors serves as an opportunity for enhancing community-based, culturally relevant, and spiritually-informed interventions, to adequately meet their coping needs.
Pivotal Role of Cranial Irradiation-Induced Peripheral, Intrinsic, and Brain-Engrafting Macrophages in Malignant Glioma
Authors: Richard Seidu A , Roy Sagor Kumar , Asiamah Emmanuel Akomanin
Published: October 2024

Malignant (high-grade) gliomas are aggressive intrinsic brain tumors that diffusely infiltrate the brain parenchyma. They comprise of World Health Organization (WHO) grade III and IV gliomas. Ionizing radiation or irradiation (IR) is frequently utilized in the treatment of both primary as well as metastatic brain tumors. On the contrary, macrophages (MΦ) are the most copious infiltrating immune cells of all the different cell types colonizing glioma. MΦ at tumor milieu are referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMΦ). In malignant gliomas milieu, TAMΦ are also polarized into two distinct phenotypes such as M1 TAMΦ or M2 TAMΦ, which are capable of inhibiting or promoting tumor growth, respectively. Cranial-IR such as x- and γ-IR are sufficient to induce the migration of peripherally derived MΦ into the brain parenchyma. The IR facilitate a more immunosuppressive milieu via the stimulation of efferocytosis in TAMΦ, and an upsurge of tumor cell engulfment by TAMΦ exhibited detrimental effect of the anti-tumoral immune response in glioma. The MΦ inside the tumor mass are associated with multiple phenomena that include IR resistance and enrichment of the M2 MΦ after IR is able to facilitate glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) recurrence. Reviews on the role of cranial IR-induced peripheral and brain-engrafting macrophages (BeMΦ) in glioma are lacking. Specifically, most studies on peripheral, intrinsic as well as beMΦ on IR focus on WHO grade III and IV. Thus, this review precisely focuses primary on WHO grade III as well as IV gliomas.
When religion meets incumbency: The limits of Islamist electoral advantage
Authors: Magiya Yusuf , Kilavuz M Tahir
Published: October 2024

Why do religious-based parties in Muslim-majority contexts win when they run in elections as incumbents? Does Islamist advantage make them appealing to voters? The sources of Islamist advantage such as their organizations, services, images, and being a refuge are well-documented. However, the literature primarily focuses on contexts where religious-based parties compete under adverse conditions as opposition actors, rather than as incumbents facing more favorable conditions. Through an innovative conjoint experiment in Turkey using candidate videos, we explore the extent of Islamist advantage arguments. Our findings suggest that the universal Islamist advantage, by which Islamists appeal to broader segments, disappears under Islamist incumbency because Islamists can no longer appeal through those sources of Islamist advantage as incumbents. Instead, Islamists may still win due to two factors: incumbency advantage and a persisting particularistic Islamist advantage, driven by increasing spatial voting. Our findings provide evidence for a frequently proposed, yet unsubstantiated, claim about the extent of Islamist advantage.
Rejected sickness cash benefit claims after 180 days of sick leave in the Swedish rehabilitation chain: A nationwide register-based study
Authors: Lidwall Ulrik
Published: October 2024

Aim:

Since a lack of financial security among vulnerable groups could further hamper health and well-being, this study scrutinises factors predicting rejected prolonged sickness cash benefit claims among people on compensated sick leave of more than 180 days with a rejection between days 181 and 365.

Methods:

All 246,872 claims for employed people on sick leave recorded in the Swedish official statistics register between January 2018 and June 2021 were analysed. Claim outcome was evaluated using logistic regression with odds ratios recalculated to relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), mutually adjusted for sociodemographic, work and health-related factors.

Results:

Overall, 46,611 (19%) of the claims were rejected, with slightly lower rates among women (RR=0.97; 95% CI 0.95–0.99). Musculoskeletal diseases had the highest rejection rates (RR=1.84; 95% CI 1.75–1.94) followed by injuries (RR=1.57; 95% CI 1.50–1.64) and symptoms (RR=1.51; 95% CI 1.46–1.56). Mental disorders also had above-average rates (RR=1.14; 95% CI 1.09–1.19), whereas the lowest rates were found among pregnancy-related diagnoses (RR=0.13; 95% CI 0.12–0.14) and neoplasms (RR=0.18; 95% CI 0.18−0.18). Higher rates were found among immigrants (RR=1.37; 95% CI 1.34–1.40), those with only primary education (RR=1.09; 95% CI 1.06–1.12) and among blue-collar workers. The regional variation was substantial (RR range 0.41–1.72).

Conclusions:

High rejection rates were found for complex diagnoses and diagnoses with presupposed work ability in physically lighter occupations and among groups with assumed precarious positions at the labour market. Systematic differences in rates were identified between geographic regions. More studies are warranted to conclude if the differences found could be justified by other factors.
The awareness, acceptance, and appreciation of transience in the domain of eudaimonic media experiences
Authors: Lew Zijian , Yee Andrew ZH
Published: October 2024

The research comparing hedonic and eudaimonic media experiences has often conceptualized the two categories as monolithic wholes. Although thematic differences within each category have been identified, these differences are usually theoretically inconsequential: They are merely variations in hedonic or eudaimonic content. Adopting a conditional effects approach, this research shows that transience-themed posts and motivation-themed posts on social media—which are both considered eudaimonic—are appreciated by different groups of people. Study 1 found a moderating influence of impermanence acceptance: People who had greater impermanence acceptance were more likely to have eudaimonic responses after viewing transience-themed posts than after viewing motivation-themed posts. The Japanese concept of mono no aware, or beauty in pathos, was used to motivate study 2. Study 2 found that people who viewed transience-themed posts experienced greater impermanence appreciation than people who viewed motivation-themed posts, but media theme did not influence impermanence awareness or impermanence acceptance.
Assessing combustion characteristics of alternative fuels in a CI engine by use of a wavelet-based analysis of engine vibration signals
Authors: Murray Renique , Bridge Jacqueline
Published: October 2024

In the current work, a wavelet-based approach for assessing combustion performance of alternative fuels in compression-ignition engines, indicated that changes in cylinder pressure amplitude were reflected by commensurate changes in a proposed parameter, with a maximum of a 9% variation. The proposed parameter, the wavelet transform coefficient maximum amplitude (WMA), successfully accomplished this for various engine conditions. The wavelet transform coefficient standard deviation (WSD), a second proposed parameter, was able to track changes in the rates of pressure rise associated with changes in load conditions and fuel type, with a maximum variation in the parameter of 7%. The approach was assessed by testing six fuels in a test engine unit. Thermodynamic property data and vibration signal data were recorded for each of the fuels tested, at six loading conditions. Subsequently, combustion performance was evaluated using traditional thermodynamic parameters and using the WMA and WSD via a MATLAB based algorithm. Thus, it was surmised that the proposed approach can form the basis for a vibration-based assessment of alternative fuel combustion performance in reciprocating engines.
Question generation type and organizational cues in video learning: A study on their effects on online learning behaviors
Authors: Zhang Yi , He Jing , Pi Zhongling , Yang Jiumin
Published: October 2024

This study examined the influence of question generation types and organizational cues on video learning. Participants were 100 undergraduate students randomly assigned to view videos that differed in terms of question generation type (instructor-generated vs. self-generated) and organizational cues (with vs. without). The results revealed that self-generated questions led to superior learning performance and higher cognitive load compared to instructor-generated questions in the absence of organizational cues, but when combined with organizational cues, there was no significant difference between the instructor and self-generated questions. Additionally, students who engaged with self-generated questions demonstrated a higher frequency of interaction and seeking behaviors and meta-cognition. Mediation analysis further indicated that self-generated questions, compared to instructor-generated questions, improved learning performance by increasing both the seeking frequency and cognitive load. These findings underscore the importance of question generation and organizational cues in video learning. They also have practical implications for design and use of video learning: if students are required to generate questions by themselves, it is better not to provide organizational cues; this will foster their engagement (more research behaviors and higher cognitive load) and thus their learning. In contrast, if they must answer questions generated by the instructor, the presence or absence of organizational cues does not matter.
A Qualitative Systematic Review of Stigma, Violence, Victimization, and Associated Coping Among Transgender People Engaged in Sex Work
Authors: Yang Chenxi , Huang Yu-Te , Newman Peter A.
Published: October 2024

Globally, transgender people engaged in sex work experience disproportionately high risks of victimization. While qualitative studies on the perspectives of transgender people engaged in sex work can shed light on their intersecting experiences, a qualitative synthesis could offer a systematic understanding and inform anti-oppressive practices and policies. This review explores the experience of stigma, violence, victimization, and associated coping strategies among transgender people engaged in sex work. We conducted a literature search in November 2023 on MEDLINE, Social Work Abstracts, and CINAHL PLUS from EBSCOhost, APA PsycInfo, ASSIA, and Sociological Abstracts from ProQuest and SCOPUS (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023478844). From 1,085 studies retrieved, 64 were included in this review. Thematic synthesis identified seven themes: (a) individual struggle, (b) interpersonal violence, (c) community transphobia and exclusion, (d) systemic oppression, (e) individual coping strategies, (f) community resources, and (g) organizational support as coping resources. This review contributes to the discussion around the health vulnerabilities of transgender people engaged in sex work that inherently result from intersecting victimization in a larger global context, including trafficking, urban planning, migration, and COVID-19. Identification of the coping strategies of transgender people engaged in sex work also highlights their resilience and sites of empowerment. Policymakers and professionals should be mindful of the intersectional identities of transgender people engaged in sex work and initiate peer- and community-led interventions to support them in building intersectional solidarity and resisting victimization.
Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty for In-Stent Restenosis in the Vertebral Artery Ostium: Experiences From a Single Center
Authors: Xu Wendeng , Shen Yi , Wang Ye , Liang Bin , Wu Jian , Zhang Xiaofeng
Published: October 2024

Background and purpose: Stenting appears to be a safe treatment for vertebral artery ostial stenosis (VAOS) with low complication rates and positive long-term effects. However, in-stent restenosis (ISR) after stenting is common. Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) are an effective management strategy for ISR in patients with coronary or carotid disease. In this study, we investigated the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of DCB-assisted angioplasty for the treatment of ISR after treatment of VAOS. Research Design: The study included patients in the Department of Neurology at Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital who underwent DCB-assisted angioplasty for ISR after previously undergoing stenting for VAOS. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and functional outcomes in these patients. Results: Fourteen patients were enrolled in the study between January 2018 and April 2022. Five of the patients were female, and the mean age was 69.4 ± 7.5 years. The technical success rate was 100% and the mean operation time was 57.1 ± 29.2 minutes. No perioperative complications were reported. There were no new cases of cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attacks in hospital or during 6 months of follow-up. There were only 2 reports of ISR in the vertebral artery ostium in the 6 months following DCB-assisted angioplasty. The median modified Rankin scale score was 0. Conclusion: DCB-assisted angioplasty may be feasible for treatment of ISR after stenting of the vertebral artery ostium. However, more research is needed to confirm our findings.
Efficacy of Occupation-Based Intervention in Promoting Well-Being Among Occupational Therapy Graduate Students
Authors: Espiritu Elena Wong , Chang Pei-Fen , Evetts Cynthia L. , Adams Joshua
Published: October 2024

Background:

Occupational therapy graduate students report poor well-being during their educational experience.

Objective:

This convergent mixed-methods study (quantitative approach presented) examined the effectiveness of an occupation-based intervention in promoting well-being.

Methodology:

Forty-one entry-level doctorate students (intervention = 18, control = 23) completed four standardized measures at three timepoints. The manualized intervention included six 45-minute virtual synchronous sessions, once per week. Data were analyzed using two-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results:

Statistically significant differences in well-being ( p = .024, [Formula: see text] = .09), self-compassion ( p = .006, [Formula: see text] = .12), and engagement in meaningful occupations ( p = .014, [Formula: see text] = .10) between groups, indicating intervention effectiveness.

Conclusion:

Intervention study participants were self-compassionate and intentional about promoting their well-being; therefore, increasing their participation in a variety of meaningful occupations moved them toward more occupational balance and improved well-being. This occupation-based intervention could be offered to promote student well-being through engagement in meaningful occupations.
Use of Five Complementary Health Modalities Relevant to Lifestyle Medicine: A 2020 Survey of Northern California Adults Aged 35-79 years
Authors: Qian Cindy W. , Lo Joan C. , Ramalingam Nirmala D. , Gordon Nancy P
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Complementary health (CH) modalities can be used as part of a Lifestyle Medicine (LM) approach to preventing and managing chronic conditions.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used data for respondents to the 2020 (N = 6,715) and 2014/2015 (N = 11,112) cycles of a Northern California health plan member survey to estimate use in 2020 of five CH modalities relevant to LM: vegetarian/vegan diet, mind/body stress management techniques (MBSM), yoga/Pilates, massage therapy, and prayer/spiritual practice. Use was estimated by sex and racial/ethnic group (White, Black, Latino, Asian/PI)) for ages 35-64 and 65-79 years and for adults 35-79 years with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, fair/poor sleep quality, and chronic stress. CH use in 2020 was compared to 2014/2015.

Results

In 2020, 53% of adults used ≥1 of these CH modalities, including 8.4% vegetarian/vegan diet, 25.8% MBSM, 23.7% prayer/spiritual practice, 16.5% yoga/Pilates, and 17.7% massage. Sex, age group, and racial/ethnic differences were seen in use of most CH modalities, and CH modality use varied by health condition. Significant increases from 2014/2015 to 2020 were seen in use of MBSM and yoga/Pilates, vegetarian/vegan diet, and prayer/spiritual practice.

Conclusion

There is substantial opportunity to increase use of CH modalities within a LM approach to preventing and managing chronic health conditions.
Non-similar analysis of heat generation and thermal radiation on Eyring-Powell Hybrid nanofluid flow across a stretching surface
Authors: Sagheer Saiqa , Razzaq Raheela , Farooq Umer
Published: October 2024

This paper portrays a two-dimensional mathematical model developed for the analysis of Eyring-Powell hybrid nanofluid flow, incorporating variable temperature and velocity profiles. This study investigates the flow through a porous media with a mixture of hybrid nanoparticles (copper dioxide, magnetite) integrated into ethylene glycol ([Formula: see text]) across a stretching sheet. The model takes magnetic effects, heat generation, and thermal radiation into account. Additionally, nonsimilar partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations using the local nonsimilarity approach. These equations are then numerically solved using the built-in Matlab function bvp4c. To examine the effects of adjusting parameters on heat, mass transfer, and skin friction, the results are displayed graphically. With an increase in the given values of magnetic field [Formula: see text], the velocity profile [Formula: see text] is seen to decay. Moreover, it is observed that the hybrid nanofluid density and dynamic viscosity increase as the volume fraction rises. It is estimated that the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the [Formula: see text] hybrid nanofluid are expected to increase to 4.1% and 12.35%, respectively, and to 71.55% and 78.01%, respectively, for volume concentrations ranging from 0.02% to 0.05%. It is also concluded that the local skin-friction coefficient has the opposite trend while the local Nusselt number rises monotonically with both the slip velocity parameter and the surface convection parameter. This research has broad applications In the glass and polymer industries, metallic plate cooling, plastic sheet contractions, etc.
Partial abrasion modeling and variable load characteristics analysis for high-speed load sensing electro-hydrostatic actuator pump of aircraft
Authors: Shi Cun , Wang Weiyu , Wang Shaoping , Liu Di , Zhang Siyuan
Published: October 2024

The load-sensing electro-hydrostatic actuator (LS-EHA) allows to reduce the thermal output and enhance the dynamic characteristics of the more electric aircraft (MEA). In addition, the forecasting of the LS-EHA is crucial for its efficient functioning. This study proposes a novel model for the analysis of overturning and wear characterization of the slipper, while focusing on the partial abrasion. The transient thermoelastic hydrodynamic (TEHD) lubricating analysis of the slipper pair is solved by an analytical model along with the finite difference method. In the proposed partial abrasion model, the non-uniformity of the oil film thickness and the partial abrasion contour for the slipper bottom surface are considered through the discrete friction area approach in order to reach a higher precision. Afterward, the overturning behavior characteristics of the slipper and the variation law in its overturning behavior under different rotation speeds, load delivery pressures, and swashplate angles are analyzed. The obtained results demonstrate that the lubricating oil film field is unevenly distributed, and the overturning behavior of the slipper has certain variable load characteristics. Finally, the effectiveness and precision of the proposed partial abrasion model are validated through comparative simulation experiments and analysis.
Using non-inferiority test of proportions in design of randomized non-inferiority trials with time-to-event endpoint with a focus on low-event-rate setting
Authors: Ji Lingyun , Alonzo Todd A
Published: October 2024

Background/aims

For cancers with low incidence, low event rates, and a time-to-event endpoint, a randomized non-inferiority trial designed based on the logrank test can require a large sample size with significantly prolonged enrollment duration, making such a non-inferiority trial not feasible. This article evaluates a design based on a non-inferiority test of proportions, compares its required sample size to the non-inferiority logrank test, assesses whether there are scenarios for which a non-inferiority test of proportions can be more efficient, and provides guidelines in usage of a non-inferiority test of proportions.

Methods

This article describes the sample size calculation for a randomized non-inferiority trial based on a non-inferiority logrank test or a non-inferiority test of proportions. The sample size required by the two design methods are compared for a wide range of scenarios, varying the underlying Weibull survival functions, the non-inferiority margin, and loss to follow-up rate.

Results

Our results showed that there are scenarios for which the non-inferiority test of proportions can have significantly reduced sample size. Specifically, the non-inferiority test of proportions can be considered for cancers with more than 80% long-term survival rate. We provide guidance in choice of this design approach based on parameters of the Weibull survival functions, the non-inferiority margin, and loss to follow-up rate.

Conclusion

For cancers with low incidence and low event rates, a non-inferiority trial based on the logrank test is not feasible due to its large required sample size and prolonged enrollment duration. The use of a non-inferiority test of proportions can make a randomized non-inferiority Phase III trial feasible.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the cooling performance of a solar chimney integrated with a humidification system
Authors: Ali Mahmud Hussain , Mawlood Mahmood Khalid , Jalal Rawand Ehsan
Published: October 2024

Solar chimneys are efficient systems for natural ventilation based on thermal principles. However, in regions with high temperatures it may not serve to ensure a comfortable indoor environment. To overcome this challenge, integrating air humidification into the ventilation process becomes necessary. The present study investigates the feasibility of integrating a solar chimney with a humidification setup for evaporative cooling in the climate of Kirkuk, Iraq. This investigation utilizes both experimental and numerical techniques. Numerical simulations carried out using a finite volume approach and validated against the experimental data. The experimental outcomes highlight the effectiveness of evaporative cooling in lowering outdoor air temperatures entering the room from months May to August in the range 5°C–10°C. A parametric analysis of the system indicates that increasing water supply can enhance the rate of evaporative cooling and lower the room temperature while elevating relative humidity. Additionally, higher humidity diminishes air buoyancy, leading to a significant decrease in air changes per hour (ACH) rate. The findings also show that both air changes per hour and water consumption reach their peak at a chimney height of 0.5 m. Moreover, a direct correlation is observed between chimney width and both ACH and water consumption. Expanding the chimney width results in higher ACH and increased water consumption for evaporative cooling. Artificial neural network (ANN) model demonstrates robust predictive accuracy, evidenced by high regression coefficients of 0.9566 for ACH and 0.9505 for room temperature correlated from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results. This underscores ANN model effectiveness in forecasting system performance under varying input conditions, providing valuable insights for different scenarios and configurations of the system.
Comparative validation of global and climate-specific decomposition models at high latitudes
Authors: Manni Mattia , Nocente Alessandro , Skeie Kristian , Bellmann Martin , Lobaccaro Gabriele
Published: October 2024

Reliable modelling of the solar potential of urban surfaces (i.e. roofs, facades and ground) in the built environment can contribute to boost the exploitation of solar energy. Empirical and quasi-physical models are combined into model chains for this scope. Among these models, the decomposition models are used to separate the direct from the diffuse solar irradiance. Such variables are rarely measured, thus making necessary their computation. Studies in literature pointed out that Yang4 is the best-performing decomposition model globally. However, in geographically limited applications, quasi-universal decomposition models like Yang4 and Engerer4 can be outperformed by local models (i.e. models parametrized with climate-specific data) such as Skartveit3 and Starke3. This makes necessary to perform local validation studies to verify the findings from worldwide validation studies. In this study, the four best-performing decomposition models are implemented in Python and experimentally validated against 1-min solar irradiance data (i.e. direct and diffuse irradiance) of Trondheim (Lat. 63°26′N, Norway). More than 1-year long data are considered. The study confirms that the Yang4 model performed the best for high-latitude applications, but Starke3 can achieve a level of performance close to Yang4.
Graphene derivative based hydrogels in biomedical applications
Authors: Ni Feifei , Chen Yangyang , Wang Ze , Zhang Xin , Gao Fei , Shao Zengwu , Wang Hong
Published: October 2024

Graphene and its derivatives are widely used in tissue-engineering scaffolds, especially in the form of hydrogels. This is due to their biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, high surface area, and physicochemical versatility. They are also used in tissue engineering. Tissue engineering is suitable for 3D printing applications, and 3D printing makes it possible to construct 3D structures from 2D graphene, which is a revolutionary technology with promising applications in tissue and organ engineering. In this review, the recent literature in which graphene and its derivatives have been used as the major components of hydrogels is summarized. The application of graphene and its derivative-based hydrogels in tissue engineering is described in detail from different perspectives.
Foliar application of esculin and digitoxin improve the yield quality of salt-stressed flax by improving the antioxidant defense system
Authors: Khattab Hemmat I. , Sadak Mervat Sh. , Dawood Mona G. , Elkady Fatma M. A. , Helal Nesma M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Secondary metabolites of several plants, including esculin and digitoxin, which are cardiac glycosides, were previously employed for their therapeutic effects. The current study aims to investigate the functions of the main Na+ /K+ transport inhibitor digitoxin and the antioxidant esculin for enhancing flax plant growth and production under salinity.

Methodology

Flax plants were irrigated with distilled water supplemented with 0.0 and 5000 mg/L salt solution starting from 15 DAS from sowing. Then exogenous treatment with digitoxin and esculin with 50 mg L− 1 and 100 mg L− 1 were used for this work.

Results

According to the results of this work, foliar spraying of esculin or digitoxin increased the salinity tolerance of flax plants.The foliar application of either esculin or digitoxin induced an elevation in the contents of photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes including soluble sugar and proline as well as the total phenols in salt-stressed flax plants. Moreover, esculin and digitoxin in particular counteract oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and tyrosine ammonia lyase, leading to a decrease in reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels and electrolyte leakage. The efficiency of esculin and digitoxin to sustain ion homeostasis by inhibiting Na+ absorption and increasing potassium, calcium, and phosphorus in flax plants may be the reason for their protective actions towards salinity.As a consequence, esculin and digitoxin increased yield quantity and quality as shown by increases in all investigated yield criteriaas shoot height, root length, their fresh and dry weights as well asseed yield/plant (g), and 1000 seeds weight, especially those that improved the desired oil properties.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study concluded that digitoxin was more effective in inhibiting Na+ build-up and increasing flax salinity tolerance, particularly at the high investigated dose as compared to esculin. In this study, we reported the recent findings of exogenousapplication of either digitoxin or esculin glycosides which are new investigated salt alleviators never used before for improving the salt tolerance in flax plants.
Baseline level of interleukin-6 is associated with the risk of acute coronary syndrome development in SARS-CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Sedighi Mohsen , Shahabi Mohammad Hasan , Akbarpour Maryam , Amanollahi Alireza , Tavakoli Nader , Mohammad Valipour Aydin , Basir Ghafouri Hamed
Published: October 2024

Background

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is frequently reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cytokine storm induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been suggested to potentially cause myocardial injury in COVID-19. We investigated the association between baseline level of IL-6 and development of ACS in COVID-19 patients.

Methods

Demographic and clinical data of hospitalized COVID-19 patients from 2020 to 2022 were reviewed. Extracted data including patient characteristics, laboratory biomarkers, and systemic inflammation indexes in patients with or without ACS were reviewed and analyzed. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze predictors of ACS development and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess discriminatory power of IL-6 and other risk factors for predicting ACS development.

Results

Among 1,753 COVID-19 patients, 37 cases experienced ACS and 159 patients without main COVID-19 complications were randomly selected as controls. ACS patients were older (p = 0.001) and suffered from more comorbidities including diabetes (43% vs. 18%, p = 0.001), hypertension (40.5% vs. 24.5%, p = 0.050), ischemic heart disease (49% vs. 9%, p = 0.001), and hyperlipidemia (19% vs. 5%, p = 0.010). Also, decreased level of consciousness (31.6% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.001), ICU admission (65% vs. 2%, p = 0.001), and mortality events (70% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.001) were more prevalent in the ACS group. Baseline levels of IL-6 (p = 0.001), D-dimer (p = 0.026), troponin (p = 0.001), blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.002), and creatinine (p = 0.008) were higher in ACS patients but erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.013), hemoglobin (p = 0.033), and red blood cells (p = 0.028) were lower compared with controls. Also, age (OR: 1.06, p = 0.019), IL-6 (OR: 1.44, p = 0.047), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR: 3.66, p = 0.043) were associated with ACS development. The area under the curve (AUC) of IL-6 and combined predictors respectively was 0.661 (p = 0.002) and 0.829 (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

High IL-6 concentration at baseline is a strong predictor for ACS development in COVID-19 patients. Also, elderly and concurrent CVD are significantly associated with ACS development.
Frequent contacts to Emergency Medical Services (EMS): more than frequent callers
Authors: Harring Astrid K. V. , Graesli Ola , Häikiö Kristin , Hjortdahl Magnus , Jørgensen Trine M.
Published: October 2024

Background

A frequent caller is defined by The Frequent Caller National Network (FreCaNN) as an adult who makes five or more emergency calls in a month or twelve or more in three months, related to individual episodes of care. However, we believe that when limiting the definition to those who call themselves, one underestimates the impact frequent contacts have on the Emergency Medical Communication Center (EMCC) and the Emergency Medical Services (EMS).

Method

We conducted a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional database review of frequent contacts; defined as persons who have ≥ 5 contacts in a month or ≥ 12 contacts in three months. Data were provided from Oslo EMCC, between 1. January 2017 and 31. December 2022. Contrary to the FreCaNN definition, we included all types of contacts and callers, both emergent and non-emergent, regarding patients of all ages.

Results

During the study period, 2.149.400 contacts were registered. Of these 129.700 were contacts from frequent callers, where the patients called themselves. When including contacts frequently made on behalf of a patient, we found that 268.723 fit the definition of frequent emergency contacts. When also taking non-emergent contacts into account, a total of 437.361 contacts fit the definition of frequent contacts.

Conclusion

When limiting the criteria to only frequent callers, one underestimates the impact persons who have frequent contacts, have on the EMCC and the EMS. We were able to distinguish between three categories—contacts from frequent callers, frequent emergency contacts, and frequent contacts. We believe broadening the definition can benefit both research and audits, when accessing the use of emergency resources to patients with frequent requests for help to the EMCCs.
Bacterial and clinical metabolic signatures and their interactions in obese patients post-bariatric surgery
Authors: Hu Mengjie , Xiang Qiaoyuan , Mei Zixuan , Gong Cheng , Pan Dingyu , liu Yumin , Li Zhen
Published: October 2024

Background

Obesity is a growing health concern in China, closely linked to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) is effective in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic outcomes. Emerging evidence highlights the role of gut microbiota in metabolic regulation, yet the specific alterations in gut microbiota and their association with metabolic changes post-surgery in Chinese patients remain unclear. Understanding these shifts could provide key insights into optimizing treatment strategies for metabolic improvement following bariatric surgery.

Methods

Stool samples and clinical data were collected from 30 obese patients before and 6 months after surgery. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the association between gut microbiota and clinical indicators.

Results

The analysis of 30 patients showed a significant decrease in Body Mass Index (BMI) (36.75 ± 4.09 kg/m2 vs 26.37 ± 3.47 kg/m2, p < 0.0001). Glucose metabolism, including Hemoglobin A1C levels, improved significantly (6.05 ± 0.96 vs 5.05 ± 0.25, p < 0.0001), and liver function as well as serum lipid levels were also notably improved. LSG increased the richness and composition of gut microbiota in obese patients post-surgery. These changes in gut microbiota were closely associated with improved clinical metabolic parameters.

Conclusion

LSG not only significantly reduces body weight while also alleviating metabolic syndrome and comorbidities by altering gut microbiota.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with JAK2 V617F mutation-related pre-primary myelofibrosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Song Jiahao , Huang Chanzi , Jia Lina , Wang Mengqi , Wu Chuanjie , Ji Xunming , Song Haiqing , Meng Ran , Zhou Da
Published: October 2024

Background

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but potentially life-threatening subtype of stroke. Prompt and appropriate anticoagulation is crucial for improving the prognosis of CVST and preventing its recurrence. Identifying the underlying cause of CVST is decisive for guiding anticoagulant selection and determining treatment duration.

Case Presentation

A 50-year-old man presented with a 35-day history of headache, nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision. Digital subtraction angiography performed at another facility revealed CVST. A contrast-enhanced black-blood MRI at our center confirmed the diagnosis, which was supported by a high intracranial pressure of 330mmH2O. Laboratory tests showed elevated leukocytes and platelet counts, raising suspicion of an underlying myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). A bone marrow biopsy demonstrated increased megakaryocytes and granulocytes, and genetic testing identified the presence of the Janus kinase 2 V617F (JAK2 V617F) mutation, leading to a diagnosis of pre-primary myelofibrosis (pre-PMF). During hospitalization, anticoagulation with nadroparin calcium and fibrinolytic therapy were initiated. Upon discharge, rivaroxaban and aspirin were prescribed to prevent CVST recurrence and arterial thrombosis.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of recognizing dynamic changes in routine blood tests that may link CVST to underlying hematological disorders. The JAK2 mutation is not only associated with MPNs but also increases the risk of thrombosis, including CVST. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the mechanisms by which JAK2 mutations contribute to thrombosis and to explore the potential benefits of JAK2 inhibitors in reducing this risk.
The relationship between emotional inhibition, emotional deprivation, failure, vulnerability to harm schema, and severity of symptoms among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Abdelrazek Mira Naguib , El-Ashry Ayman Mohamed , Abdelaal Heba Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Objective

Assess the relationship between emotional inhibition, emotional deprivation, failure, vulnerability to harm schema, and severity of symptoms among obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Methods

A descriptive correlational study was conducted on 30 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who were recruited to complete the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Young Schema Questionnaire-Long Form.

Results

The results of the study indicate that 66.6% of the 30 subjects exhibited high levels of OCD symptom severity, with a mean score of 33.20 ± 4.67. In terms of early maladaptive schemas, 60% of subjects displayed severe emotional deprivation, 66.7% showed severe emotional inhibition, and 83.3% had severe failure schemas. A strong positive correlation was found between failure schemas and OCD symptoms (r = 0.697, p < 0.001). However, what truly impressed the researchers was the predictive power of the failure schema. It was the only significant predictor of OCD symptoms (Beta = 0.992, p < 0.001), explaining 55.2% of the variance.

Conclusion

The study underscores the crucial influence of early maladaptive schemas on the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. It proposes that considering early maladaptive schemas, such as emotional self-awareness, failure, and vulnerability to harm, can aid in gauging the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. Moreover, the study’s findings are of significant importance to mental health professionals, researchers, and individuals involved in the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive disorder, as they provide a deeper understanding of the condition and suggest practical approaches for its management.