bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LINKING INTERACTIVE OPTIMIZATION FOR URBAN PLANNING WITH A SEMANTIC 3D CITY MODEL
Authors: Schüler N. , Agugiaro G. , Cajot S. , Maréchal F.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The cities in which we live are constantly evolving. The active management of this evolution is referred to as urban planning. The according development process could go in many directions resulting in a large number of potential future scenarios of a city. The planning support system URBio adopts interactive optimization to assist urban planners in generating and exploring those various scenarios. As a computer-based system it needs to be able to efficiently handle all underlying data of this exploration process, which includes both methodology-specific and context-specific information. This article describes the work carried out to link URBio with a semantic city model. Therefore, two key requirements were identified and implemented: (a) the extension of the CityGML data model to cope with many scenarios by the proposition of the Scenario Application Domain Extension (ADE) and (b) the definition of a data model for interactive optimization. Classes and features of the developed data models are motivated, depicted and explained. Their usability is demonstrated by walking through a typical workflow of URBio and laying out the induced data flows. The article is concluded with stating further potential applications of both the Scenario ADE and the data model for interactive optimization.
NEW INSIGHTS INTO SOLAR WIND IMPLANTED VOLATILES FOR LUNAR REGOLITH CHARACTERIZATION: A SIMULATION BASED APPROACH
Authors: Shukla S. , Majumdar S. , Maiti A. , Kumar S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The effect of solar wind implanted volatiles into the top 100 nm of the lunar regolith plays a significant role in quantitatively assessing the lunar surface isotopic composition. In essence, these volatiles can either quickly sputter out of the surface or be retained. The implantation processes exhibit a functional dependency on the surface temperature, ilmenite abundance and the activation energy associated with the optical maturity of the lunar soil. The prime focus of this study is to simulate the implication of these incident volatiles in characterizing the regolith for a better insight into the modeling of lunar exosphere during both Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection (ICME) and usual cases. Additionally, the proposed model quantifies the total lunar oxygen repository along with determining the associated textural and frequency domain measures for probable future lunar 3He mining sites. In this 30-day simulation, the particles bombard the reconstructed lunar grid wherein each cell displays varying particle density at a given local time. Moreover, both the activation energy and TiO2 content are assumed to be in a Gaussian distribution having (μ, σ) of (0.96, 0.025) and (12.52, 3.44) respectively. It has been found that the surfaces characterized by high activation energy tend to retain solar wind implants due to the large numbers of crystal defects. However, for H and heavy trace ions, intermediate activation energy range demonstrates diurnal behavior with the diffusive loss at local noon time. The study also finds an intriguing relationship between the lunar O2 and retained H sites (frequency domain). Furthermore, this could be utilized as a generic exospheric modeling paradigm for airless bodies and contribute to the understanding of the physical processes associated with solar astronomy.
FIRST STEPS TOWARDS LINKING SEMANTIC 3D CITY MODELLING AND MULTI-DOMAIN CO-SIMULATION FOR ENERGY MODELLING AT URBAN SCALE
Authors: Widl E. , Agugiaro C. , Puerto P.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. An important prerequisite for the simulation-based assessment of energy systems at urban scale is the availability of high-quality, well-formatted and semantically structured data. Unfortunately, best practices and state-of-the-art approaches for urban data modelling are hardly applied in the context of energy-related simulations, such that data management and data access often become tedious and cumbersome tasks. This paper presents the so-called Simulation Package, i.e., a data model extending the 3D City Database for CityGML, and its derived data access layer, both aiming to bridge this gap between semantic 3D city modelling and simulation in the context of urban energy systems. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated with the help of a concrete example, where the proposed extension has been implemented and integrated into a simulation toolchain. The aim is that the availability of a common, shared data model and the proof-of-concept implementation will contribute and foster adoption and further improvement in the future.
A SPEED-UP GEOMETRIC CHANGE DETECTION ALGORITHM FOR VECTOR SURFACE FEATURE SET
Authors: Zhu L. , Li C. , Liu L. , Shen J. , Yang L. , Liu Z.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. At present, most of the researches on geometric change detection of vector data, they store the change detection results in the database, so they pay more attention to the accuracy of results, but not to the speed of processing. Nowadays, many applications require real-time change detection on vector data and rapid presentation of the result. Although the existing algorithms use spatial index technology to improve the processing speed, the processing time is still beyond the range that people can bear. In order to reduce processing time, this paper takes the vector surface feature set as the research object, trying to reduce the redundancy of the candidate set that seriously affects the efficiency of change detection. Based on the regular use of spatial index created with geometric Minimum Bounding Rectangle, this paper uses geometric shrinkage technique and precise query technique to reduce the size of the candidate set for detection, so as to achieve the goal of speeding up. Finally, using five years of farmland data and resident data from Ezhou City, Hubei Province, China, a change detection experiment was conducted. The experiment proved that the geometric shrinkage and precise query techniques can effectively improve the processing speed.
DETECTION AND EVALUATION OF TOPOLOGICAL CONSISTENCY IN CITYGML DATASETS
Authors: Giovanella A. , Bradley P. E. , Wursthorn S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The topological consistency of Boundary-Representation models, meaning here that the incidence graph is homeomorphic with the underlying topology of geographical data, is checked for several CityGML datasets, and a first classification of topological inconsistencies is performed. The analysis is carried out on a spatial database system into which the datasets have been imported. It is found that real-world datasets contain many topologically inconsistent pairs of intersecting polygons. Also data satisfying the ISO/OGC standards can still be topologically inconsistent. In the case when the intersection is a point, topological inconsistency occurs because a vertex lies on a line segment. However, the most frequent topological inconsistencies seem to arise when the intersection of two polygons is a line segment. Consequently, topological queries in present CityGML data cannot rely on the incidence graph only, but must always make costly geometric computations if correct results are to be expected.
A RESTFUL API FOR THE EXTENDED WHAT3WORDS ENCODING
Authors: Jiang W. , Stefanakis E.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Geocoding is a fundamental task of Geographic Information System (GIS) processing and analysis. It allows the transformation between a location reference (i.e., an address or an alphanumeric code) and coordinates, which is often an essential step when performing spatial analysis, mapping, and other geolocation related processes. Providing software functionality through RESTful APIs is a common practice in geospatial applications. Client programs are able to access or process geospatial data easily through a lightweight and scalable RESTful web service. Existing geocoding RESTful API providers include Google Maps Geocoding API, ArcGIS Geocoding REST API, MapQuest Open Geocoding API and what3words (w3w) Geocoding API. Extensions of what3words geocoding system have recently been proposed to overcome its limitation of fixed resolution and lack of consideration of the third dimension. This paper considers one of the extensions, the Quadtree Extension Model (QTEM) and introduces a RESTful API that provides operations for forward geocoding, reverse geocoding, single line and polygon encoding, and centre points encoding for a given area. The resources published by the web service could be implemented by software programs performing indoor and outdoor location referencing, location marking and path finding. This API could facilitate various geographic applications such as facility management, emergency evacuation, navigation and student survey data management in a university campus environment.
ACHIEVING THE STATE OF RESEARCH PERTAINING TO GIS APPLICATIONS FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE BY A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Ferreira-Lopes P.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. During the last decade, we have witnessed an increased interest in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), including the so-called “Historical GIS”, 3D GIS heritage and its subcategory of “SDI for cultural heritage”. Specific literature reviews, gathering and analysing the scientific production for Culture Heritage and GIS based research questions, are currently lacking. Therefore, the overall goal of this article is to provide an objective summary of the current state-of-the-art concerning how GIS has been used and what methods and analysis have been applied in the field of cultural heritage. In this sense, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of the literature on the application of GIS in cultural heritage is carried out. To do so, the WOS and Scopus databases were considered. The results show that the dominant application of GIS is in the realisation of inventory and cataloguing of archaeological and architectural heritage. As a result of the quantitative analysis, we also verify the principal sources in which most studies have been published, highlighting the “ISPRS Archives” with 14 publications, the “Lecture Notes in Computer Science” with 9, and “Proceedings of Digital Heritage” with 6 publications. These data show that the sources that most publish mainly belong to the field of IT and Computer Science. In addition, the SLR shows that in the last three years there has been a greater tendency to use GIS to solve more specific problems of heritage through its use in conjunction with other tools such as BIM and photogrammetry.
HISTORICAL SDI, THEMATIC MAPS AND ANALYSIS OF A COMPLEX NETWORK OF MEDIEVAL TOWERS (13TH–15TH CENTURY) IN THE MOORISH STRIP
Authors: Ferreira-Lopes P. W. , Molina Rolazem J. F.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This work is part of an investigation into the use of GIS for the documentation and comprehension of medieval architectural heritage in the ancient Kingdom of Seville. The research was done in the framework of the project “Sustainable guardianship of cultural heritage through digital BIM and GIS models: contribution to knowledge and social innovation”, an interdisciplinary project focused on the applications of information technology in architectural heritage in Spain. The study case of this paper is located in the Guadalquivir valley during the period between 13th and 15th centuries. It concerns the Moorish Strip site, fortified by the Christian Kingdom of Castile with the aim of creating a barrier with the Moorish Kingdom. Its deteriorated state has led us to create a historical and spatial database in order to contribute to its conservation management plan. Apart from the historical documentation research and the data gathering, intensive fieldwork was also done to collect information about the buildings. In this paper we present a Historical SDI to investigate the hypothesis that the spatial patterns of the Moorish Band obey rules of “inter-visibility” control. Some analysis has been done on the site scale, such as: i) a thematic map of building material; ii) a spatiotemporal analysis; iii) the density of the distribution of towers over the territory; iv) a simulation of the territory visibility from the towers; v) the inter-visibility among towers; iv) thematic maps using attribute values. These analyses permitted us to highlight the need to create a preservation plan that should consider the network visibility system as an important value for heritage interpretation and knowledge.
CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE INTEGRATION OF BIM TO SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Godager B.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The AEC–FM industry (Architecture/Engineering/Construction and Facilities Management) is increasingly using different building information modeling (BIM) methodology to solve complex challenges. With help of Semantic WEB technology, product data models and other relevant information are increasingly linked to BIM models. The article discusses the challenges of existing BIM standards to meet future requirements, to fully utilize semantic technology. The article provides suggestions for further research, and it specifically calls for a more strategic research that can look a bit longer than just the challenges associated with various limited case projects. The article discusses whether existing BIM formats are able to meet future requirements, where the potential in the construction industry to fully utilize semantic web technology is difficult with today's BIM standards. Furthermore, it is suggested that previously developed SW resources should be gathered, then earlier initiatives are easier to find, use and build upon. The literature study shows many initiatives spread across many domains in the AEC-FM area. Most studied articles have a high degree of technological focus, where the semantic web opportunities are tested in a chosen case.The findings of this study can be used as a starting point for further strategic research and development.
THALWEG DETECTION FOR RIVER NETWORK CARTOGRAPHY IN FOREST FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION LIDAR DATA
Authors: Guilbert E. , Jutras S. , Badard T.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper addresses the problem of extracting the drainage network in forested areas. A precise description of the drainage network including intermittent streams is required for the planning of logging operations and environmental conservation. LiDAR provides now high-resolution point clouds from which the terrain is modelled and the drainage extracted but it also brings some challenges for traditional approaches. First, the raster DTM is interpolated from LiDAR ground points and has to be split in tiles for processing, adding approximations. Second, drainage enforcement techniques alter the terrain and rely on parameters difficult to fix and limiting the optimisation of the process. In this context, we discuss a new approach aiming at: (1) Designing a data structure to model the terrain with a Triangulated Irregular Network in order to avoid interpolation. This data structure must enable the distribution of data and processes across several nodes in Big data architectures and eventually, the processing of complete watersheds with no tiling. (2) Modelling the river network through thalwegs and avoiding the filling and breaching operations. Thalweg detection is more robust, removing the need for filling and breaching. However, it yields a very dense network requiring a simplification step. Combining this model and the architecture will enable the design and modelling of a new tool for river network computation directly from LiDAR ground points. In this paper, we mainly discuss the second point and propose to model the drainage by a network of thalwegs computed from the terrain. Thalwegs are extracted from the surface network, a topological structure formed of peaks, pits and saddles as vertices and ridges and thalwegs as vertices. We present preliminary results comparing the thalweg network and the drainage network.
WEB BASED 3D VISUALISATION OF TIME-VARYING AIR QUALITY INFORMATION
Authors: Isikdag U. , Sahin K.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Many countries where the industrial development and production rates are high face many side effects of low air quality and air pollution. There is an evident correlation between the topographic and climatic properties of a location and the air pollution and air quality on that location. As the variation of air quality is dependent on location, air quality information should be acquired, utilised, stored and presented in form of Geo-Information. On the other hand, as this information is related with the health concerns of public, the information should be available publicly, and needs to be presented through an easily accessible medium and through a commonly used interface. Efficient storage of time-varying air quality information when combined with an efficient mechanism of 3D web-based visualisation would help very much in dissemination of air quality information to public. This research is focused on web-based 3D visualisation of time-varying air quality data. A web based interactive system is developed to visualise pollutant levels that were acquired as hourly intervals from more than 100 stations in Turkey between years 2008 and 2017. The research also concentrated on visualisation of geospatial high volume data. In the system, visualisation can be achieved on-demand by querying an air pollutant information database of 10.330.629 records and a city object database with more than 700.000 records. The paper elaborates on the details of this research. Following a background on air quality, air quality models, and Geo-Information visualisation, the system architecture and functionality is presented. The paper concludes with results of usability tests of the system.
ACCESSIBILITY ASSESSMENT OF EMERGENCY VEHICLES IN TOKYO METROPOLITAN AREA AFTER A LARGE EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Kishimoto M. , Osaragi T.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. At the time of a large earthquake, property collapse (e.g., building collapse and street blockage) will obstruct emergency activities (e.g., firefighting activity and ambulance service) and cause the expansion of secondary damage. For reducing the secondary damage of a large earthquake, it is important to assess the accessibility of emergency activity under property collapse. However, the accessibility index, which can evaluate the emergency activity considering the effect of property collapse, is not developed nor applied in actual urban area. In this paper, we propose the street network accessibility: indices of assessing the movement of emergency vehicles. Then, we construct a simulation model that describes property collapse and the movement of emergency vehicles. Performing the simulation in Tokyo Metropolitan Area, we evaluate the damage of each building/street and assess the street network accessibility after a large earthquake. Finally, analysing the relationships among indices, we indicate that it is important to evaluate the street network accessibility from multiple viewpoints.
SUPPORTING WIDE USER-BASE IN RASTER ANALYSIS – GEOCUBES FINLAND
Authors: Lehto L. , Kähkönen J. , Oksanen J. , Sarjakoski T.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. An initiative has been started in Finland to build a harmonized raster geodata repository, called GeoCubes Finland, to help academic users in carrying out geospatial analysis operations in research projects of diverse disciplines. The aim of the initiative is to expand the adoption of GI methods and tools to new sectors of academic research. GeoCubes Finland is being built in the context of a large-scale program developing national geodata infrastructure for academic studies. The main building blocks of the GeoCubes Finland initiative are: a harmonized, multi-resolution raster geodata storage, a set of standardized mechanisms for accessing the raster contents of the storage, and support facilities for cloud-based geocomputing to help users carry out spatial analysis with the contained datasets.
ROBUST FEATURES FOR LEG DETECTION IN 2D LASER RANGE DATA
Authors: Li D. , Li L. , Zhou M. , Zuo X.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. People detection in 2D laser range data is widely used in many application, such as robotics, smart cities or regions, and intelligent driving. For most current methods on people detection based on a single laser range finder are actually leg detectors as the sensor are always established below the knee height. Current state-of-the-art methods share similar steps including segmentation, feature extraction and a machine learning-based classification, but use different features which have good performance on their own experimental data. For researchers, it is important and desirable to know which features are more robust. In this paper, taking advantage of the fact that effective features can be selected by AdaBoost and assembled into a strong classifier, a set of features presented in state-of-the-art methods is combined with a set of features presented by us to train a leg detector by the AdaBoost algorithm. This detector is assembling by effective features and can classify segments into leg and non-leg. Three open source data sets including simple and complex scenarios are used for the experiments to test the features and extracted the important ones. To reduce the effect of segmentation on the final results, three segmentation methods are simultaneously used for experiments and analysis to ensure the reliability and credibility of our conclusion. Finally, 10 robust features for leg detection in 2D laser range data are presented based on the results.
ANALYSIS OF UAV IMAGE QUALITY USING EDGE ANALYSIS
Authors: Lim P.-C. , Kim T. , Na S.-I. , Lee K.-D. , Ahn H.-Y. , Hong J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. UAVs (Unmanned aerial Vehicles) can acquire images easily without large cost. For this reason, use of UAV is spreading to diverse fields such as orthoimages and DEM/DSM production. The spatial resolution of images is usually expressed as a GSD (Ground Sampling Distance). The GSD from UAV has higher performance than other platforms such as satellites and aircraft because it shoot at low altitude. However, blurring and noise may occur on UAV images due to the weather and the stability of UAV. However, since the GSD from UAV cannot sufficiently meet the spatial resolving power of the actual image system, a criterion for determining the spatial resolution of image is needed. Therefore we emphasize that the quality of the image needs to be analysed. Actual performance indicators such as GRD (Ground Resolved Distance) and NIIRS (National Image Interpretability Rating Scales), which can be measured through image analysis, are representative examples of image quality interpretation. It is possible to extract NIIRS form image quality related parameters such as MTF (Modulation Transfer Function), RER (Relative Edge Response) and SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio). In this paper, we aim to apply the Edge analysis method to UAV and to analyse the result. The analysis result showed that while GSD and NIIRS were highly dependent to imaging altitude, GRD and image sharpness showed optimal altitude ranges. The exact optimal range varied between images taken at different weather conditions. While we need a further study, this may indicate that edge analysis may provide an optimal operational altitude range suitable for the sensors.
MANAGEMENT OF LARGE INDOOR POINT CLOUDS: AN INITIAL EXPLORATION
Authors: Liu H. , van Oosterom P. , Meijers M. , Verbree E.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Indoor navigation and visualization become increasingly important nowadays. Meanwhile, the proliferation of new sensors as well as the advancement of data processing provide massive point clouds to model the indoor environment in high accuracy. However, current state-of-the-art solutions fail to manage such large datasets efficiently. File based solutions often require substantial development work while database solutions are still faced with issues such as inefficient data loading and indexing. In this research, through a case study which aims to solve the problem of intermittent rendering of massive points in the context of indoor navigation, we devised and implemented an algorithm to compute the continuous Level of Detail (cLoD) where geometric and classification information are considered. Benchmarks are developed and different approaches in Oracle are tested to learn the pros and cons. Surprisingly, the flat table approach could be very efficient compared with other schemes. The crucial point lies in how to address priority of different dimensions including cLoD, classification and spatial dimensions, and avoid unnecessary scanning of the table. Writing results either to the memory or the disk constitutes major part of the time cost when large output is concerned. Conventional solutions based on spatial data objects present poor performance due to cumbersome indexing structure, inaccurate selection and additional decoding process. Besides, approximate selection in the unit of physical object is proposed and the performance is satisfactory when large amount of data is requested. The knowledge acquired could prompt the development of a novel data management of high dimensional point clouds where the classification information is involved.
CLUSTERING AND INDEXING HISTORIC VESSEL MOVEMENT DATA WITH SPACE FILLING CURVES
Authors: Meijers M. , van Oosterom P.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper reports on the result of an on-going study using Space Filling Curves (SFCs) for indexing and clustering vessel movement message data (obtained via the Automated Identification System, AIS) inside a geographical Database Management System (Geo-DBMS). With AIS, vessels transmit their positions in intervals ranging from 2 seconds to 3 minutes. Every 6 minutes voyage related information is broadcast. Relevant AIS messages contain a position, timestamp and vessel identifier. This information can be stored in a DBMS as separate columns with different types (as 2D point plus time plus identifier), or in an integrated column (as higher dimensional 4D point which is encoded as the position on a space filling curve, that we will call the SFC-key). Subsequently, indexing based on this SFC-key column can replace separate indexes (where this one integrated index will need less storage space than separate indexes). Moreover, this integrated index allows a good clustering (physical ordering of the table). Also, in an approach with separate indexes for location, time and object identifier the query optimizer inside a DBMS has to estimate which index is most selective for a given query. It is not possible to use two indexes at the same time – e.g. in case of a space-time query. An approach with one multi-dimensional integrated index does not have this problem. It results in faster query responses when specifying multiple selection criteria; i.e. both search geometry and time interval. We explain the steps needed to make this SFC approach available fully inside a DBMS (to avoid expensive data transfer to external programs during use). The SFC approach makes it possible to better cluster the (spatio-temporal) data compared to an approach with separate indexes. Moreover, we show experiments (with 723,853,597 AIS position report messages spanning 3 months, Sep–Dec 2016, using data for Europe, both on-sea and inland water ways) to compare an approach based on one multi-dimensional integrated index (using a SFC) with non-integrated approach. We analyze loading time (including SFC encoding) and storage requirements, together with the speed of execution of queries and granularity of answers. Conclusion is that time spend on query execution in case of space-time queries where both dimensions are selective using the integrated SFC approach outperforms the non-integrated approach (typically a factor 2–6). Also, the SFC approach saves considerably on storage space (less space needed for indexes). Lastly, we propose some future improvements to get some better query performance using the SFC approach (e.g. IOT, range-glueing and nD-histogram).
GEOGAME ON THE PEAT: DESIGNING EFFECTIVE GAMEPLAY IN GEOGAMES APP FOR HAZE MITIGATION
Authors: Aditya T. , Laksono D.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Southeast Asian Haze in 2014 and 2015 is the worst transboundary haze episodes recorded to date. The haze mainly originated from burning of biomass material in peatland area, caused major health problems and economic losses. Peat forest conversion to forest and agriculture industry by utilizing drainage canals is one of main fire drivers that need to be restored, while conflicts on land and livelihood further adding complexity on the issue. Water and peatland management are among the key activities for reducing the peat fire risk and for eliminating the transboundary haze problems. Geospatial data have been collected in peatland areas in Indonesia to support hydrological restoration plans to prevent drying of peat biomasses. Aside from satellite and UAV data, crowdsourcing could also be conducted by engaging residents in collecting spatial data on peat environment while at the same time raising awareness on peatland management and peat fire prevention. This paper elaborates our findings in developing a Geogame App for mitigating haze in peatland area. The study area is situated in Padang Island, Riau, Indonesia. The gamification was implemented as a location-based, augmented reality adventure game. The storyline revolves around peat-related theme, with game elements represent different aspects of peatland management. The game incorporates real-world data as a game element, which also serves as a platform for collecting data around the users. Game mockup and use case scenario are provided to model the spatial data collected through the game for decision makers related to peat fire management.
COMPARISON OF GEOMETRIC CORRECTION SCHEMES FOR GEOSTATIONARY OCEAN COLOR IMAGER SLOTS WITHOUT GCPS
Authors: Son J. , Kim H. , Kim T.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Currently, the geometric correction process of GOCI (Geostationary Ocean Color Imager) image is performed by matching slot images against shorelines and utilizing the matching results as GCPs (Ground Control Point). However, there are several GOCI slots without shorelines and for such slots acquiring GCPs is not easy. The purpose of this paper is to compare several alternative geometric correction schemes applicable to the slots without GCPs. We analyzed three schemes. The first scheme is to apply the correction angle of the same slot in the most recent dataset. The second scheme is to apply correction angle of the previous slot in the current dataset. And the last scheme is to apply correction angle of the slot with the largest number of GCPs in the same time dataset. Overall process for comparing the quality of the three geometric correction schemes consisted of the following steps. Firstly, using ephemeris metadata of GOCI Level 1A, we established initial sensor model, which defines geometry relationship between ground coordinate system and image coordinate system of a GOCI image. And then, by matching edge detected from GOCI slot images and shoreline landmark chips, we obtained GCPs. Using these GCPs, we calculated correction angle of each slot. After then, through the three schemes, we conducted precision sensor modeling. Among three schemes, geometric correction applying the previous slot correction angle showed the best quality. The average RMSE of this scheme was about 1.4 km, which was quite close to geometric correction quality applying correction angles from GCPs.
GEOSPATIAL DATABASE UPDATING SYSTEM with WMS and DIRECT CONNECTION METHOD
Authors: Yüksel B. , Yilmaz A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The demand for up-to-date geospatial data is in an upward trend. This brings a continuous and sustainable review and update of the geospatial data itself and database design. Turkish Topographic Vector Database (TOPOVT) is the main database of Turkey consisting 1 : 25.000 and higher scale resolution 3D topographic vector data covering whole country. It also consists of contours and geonames. TOPOVT has been and is still being produced by General Command of Mapping of Turkey mainly from 30 cm resolution stereo aerial photos and completed in the field. TOPOVT is seamless and topologic database. The updating objective is five years cycle. The first production cycle of TOPOVT in vector has been completed recently. Before the updating cycle began, a system was designed to update TOPOVT efficiently and without losing any information content. It also holds historical background of the features updated.With this topographic data update system, geospatial data can be updated rapidly and served to the users. Hereby both the process for map printing fastens and answers to the need of updated data for the TOPOVT database can be achieved. With this system, the data which will be updated can be displayed on the personal computer by TOPOVT database connection and the users can perform add, update and delete actions in the data according to their authorization. All the updates executed in the field can be monitored on the TOPOVT database in real time via internet connection.
IMAGE-BASED METHOD FOR THE PAIRWISE REGISTRATION OF MOBILE LASER SCANNING POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Christodoulou A. , van Oosterom P.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper, a method is proposed for solving relative translations of 3D point clouds collected by Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) techniques. The proposed approach uses the attributes of the 3D points to generate and match 2D-projections, by employing a simple correlation technique instead of matching in 3D. As a result, the developed method depends more on the number of pixels in the 2D-projections and less on the number of points in the point clouds. This leads to a more cost-efficient method in contrast to 3D registration techniques. The method uses this benefit to provide redundant translation parameters for each point cloud pair. With the utilization of image-based evaluation criteria the reliable translation parameters are detected and only those are used to compute the final solution. Consequently, the confidence levels of each final estimation can be computed. In addition, an indication of robustness showing how many estimations where included for the computation of the final solution is included. It is shown that the method performs fast due to its simplicity especially when medium image resolution’s such as 0.15 m are used. Reliable matches can be produced even when the overlap of the point cloud sets is small or the initial offset large as long as the offsets are distinguishable in the projections. Furthermore, a technique is proposed to obtain capabilities for sub-pixel accuracy estimations, as the accuracy of the estimations is restricted to the grid cell size. The technique seems promising, but further improvement is necessary.
Assessing fragility of a reinforced concrete element to snow avalanches using a non-linear dynamic mass-spring model
Authors: Favier Philomène , Bertrand David , Eckert Nicolas , Ousset Isabelle , Naaim Mohamed
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper presents an assessment of the fragility of a reinforced concrete
(RC) element subjected to avalanche loads, and more generally to dynamic
pressure fields applied orthogonally to a wall, within a reliability
framework. In order to obtain accurate numerical results with supportable
computation times, a light and efficient Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF)
model describing the mechanical response of the RC element is proposed. The
model represents its dynamic mechanical response up to failure. Material
non-linearity is taken into account by a moment–curvature approach, which
describes the overall bending response. The SDOF model is validated under
quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions by comparing its results
to alternative approaches based on finite element analysis and the yield line
theory. Following this, the deterministic SDOF model is embedded within a reliability
framework to evaluate the failure probability as a function of the maximal
avalanche pressure reached during the loading. Several reliability methods
are implemented and compared, suggesting that non-parametric methods provide
significant results at a moderate level of computational burden. The
sensitivity to material properties, such as tensile and compressive
strengths, steel reinforcement ratio, and wall geometry is investigated. The
effect of the avalanche loading rate is also underlined and discussed.
Finally, the obtained fragility curves are compared with respect to the few
proposals available in the snow avalanche engineering field. This approach is
systematic and will prove useful in refining formal and practical risk
assessments. It could be applied to other similar natural hazards, which
induce dynamic pressure fields onto the element at risk (e.g., mudflows,
floods) and where potential inertial effects are expected and for which
fragility curves are also lacking.
Update on the Renal Effects of Anticancer Agents
Authors: Perazella Mark A.
Published: September 2018

Anticancer drug nephrotoxicity is a common problem encountered by the nephrologist. The number of drugs causing acute and chronic kidney injury as well as electrolyte and acid-base disturbances has increased significantly over the past 10 to 20 years. Clinicians must be knowledgeable in the renal metabolism and excretion of these agents to assure efficacy and to avoid systemic toxicity, especially in patients with underlying kidney disease. Chemotherapeutic drugs induce acute kidney injury from a number of lesions including acute tubular injury, acute interstitial nephritis, and a variety of glomerular injuries. In addition to nephrotoxicity associated with conventional chemotherapy, the emergence of targeted therapies and novel immunotherapies has increased the occurrence of drug-induced acute and chronic kidney injury in cancer patients. This article will reflect some of the information on anticancer drug nephrotoxicity, which I presented at the New Horizons in Nephrology Updates in Onco-Nephrology Symposium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Severe Orthostatic Hypotension Complicating Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Sury Krishna , Mutter Marina , Moeckel Gilbert W , Perazella Mark A
Published: September 2018

Introduction

Amyloidosis is a well-recognized complication of multiple myeloma, although isolated vascular amyloidosis of the kidney is relatively rare. Vascular amyloidosis is associated with fewer urinary findings than the more common glomerular amyloidosis, and may present both diagnostic and treatment challenges, particularly when performing renal replacement therapy.

Case description

We present a 53-year-old man who presented with light-headedness complicated by multiple falls, severe orthostatic hypotension, and acute kidney injury. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with multiple myeloma. His course was complicated by progressively worsening kidney function, which necessitated renal replacement therapy, and persistent symptoms of orthostatic hypotension despite maximal medical therapy. A kidney biopsy revealed light chain cast nephropathy and isolated vascular amyloidosis of the kidney. Hemodialysis and subsequently continuous veno-venous hemodialysis were poorly tolerated due to severe hemodynamic instability. Ultimately, the patient suffered a fatal cardiac arrest.

Conclusions

This case provides a platform to discuss clinical aspects and diagnosis of vascular-limited renal amyloidosis. In addition, we address the difficulty in managing a patient with severe hemodynamic instability due to this disease.
Kidney Disease in Cancer Survivors: Focus on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Laskin Benjamin L. , Jodele Sonata
Published: September 2018

Kidney disease and hypertension are common among children and adults with cancer, including those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). While survival has improved over time for patients receiving a HSCT, acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms leading to kidney disease in this population are likely multifactorial and include chemotherapy, other nephrotoxic medications, and infections. Nevertheless, we still do not completely understand why such a large proportion of patients develop kidney disease after HSCT. The growing field of onco-nephrology allows oncologists, transplant providers, and nephrologists to learn about disease processes and treatments relevant to their respective patient populations. Accordingly, we are learning that several mechanisms of injury affecting HSCT recipients also occur in general nephrology and in kidney transplant recipients. For example, complement dysregulation leading to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome parallels HSCT-associated thrombotic microangiopathy and BK virus nephropathy occurring after kidney transplant can also lead to CKD in HSCT recipients. This review focuses on thrombotic microangiopathy and BK virus infection as potential causes of AKI and CKD after HSCT, which are currently thought to be idiopathic. These diagnoses require a high index of suspicion, emphasizing the importance of close attention to blood pressure, proteinuria, and the measurement and estimation of kidney function in patients undergoing HSCT.
Bevacizumab: Renal Safety Evaluation
Authors: Fenoglio Roberta , Roccatello Dario
Published: September 2018

Angiogenesis is a key physiologic process for growth and development. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as an angiogenic activator. It regulates several normal physiologic and pathologic processes including malignancies. The VEGF family and their receptors (VEGFR) are important mediators of tumor angiogenesis. Blocking tumor angiogenesis has become an increasingly attractive modality for anticancer therapy. Bevacizumab (BVZ), a humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin, has been approved to treat many types of cancers. However, the inhibition of VEGF results in a predictable pattern of adverse events, including renal toxicities. Published data regarding the BVZ renal safety are not yet definitive. In this review, the BVZ renal safety profile will be discussed, together with the peculiarities related to its use in patients undergoing dialysis or even in patients with renal transplant. Patients treated with BVZ have an increased risk of hypertension and proteinuria that may vary with dosage, cancer types, and concomitant drugs. The kidney lesions that may be secondary to bevacizumab are not completely known. New expert opinions will be possible if the number of kidney biopsies increased. The published data suggest that BVZ-based therapy is associated with reasonable and accepted renal toxicity if close monitoring and correct management are performed.
Cancer Immunotherapy with Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells
Authors: Littman Dalia , Hexner Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapy recently won its first U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for use in the treatment of patients aged 3-25 with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. CAR T cell therapy is the first approved gene therapy in the USA, and brings with it a new paradigm in cancer therapeutics. Advances in design and manufacturing of CAR T cells have led to dramatic improvements in outcomes for patients with B cell malignancies. As clinical trial experience with CAR T cells grows, adverse events associated with CAR T cell therapy are becoming better understood. Increasing amounts of data suggest that CAR T cell therapy can lead to both dramatic clinical responses and to life-threatening cytokine release syndrome. As more patients are treated with CAR T cells, specialists from a multitude of fields will be involved in monitoring for and/or managing toxicity. Major obstacles in the field include expanding the promise of CAR T cells into other more challenging tumor types, such as myeloid malignancies and solid tumors. In addition to uses in oncology, this review will look to other potential applications of this technology to nonmalignant disease.
HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORK SYNTHESIS CONSIDERING CHANGING PHASE STREAMS
Authors: Liporace F. S. , Pessoa F. L. P. , Queiroz E. M.
Published: September 2018

The Pinch Design Method was developed considering one-phase streams, with constant
specific heats (Cp) throughout streams temperature ranges. Its first stage, the determination
of utilities targets and pinch point (PP), is ruled by the number of streams, their temperatures
and MCp. But, for changing phase streams, the usual description of the Cp behavior by a
constant value can lead to errors in this stage and, hence, in the synthesis one. This work
proposes a procedure to deal with these streams and discusses its results through an example
involving multicomponent streams. First, bubble (BP) and dew (DP) points of the streams
are estimated. Then, changing phase streams are split into sub-streams, using BP and DP
as bounds. For each one, an effective Cp is estimated as the division of the enthalpy
change by the respective temperature difference. Results obtained show significant changes
on the PP, utilities targets and network proposed structure.
NATURAL CONVECTION IN HIGH ASPECT RATIO THREE-DIMENSIONAL ENCLOSURES WITH UNIFORM HEAT FLUX ON THE HEATED WALL
Authors: Dias Jr. T. , Milanez L. F.
Published: September 2018

In this work, the laminar natural convection in high aspect ratio three-dimensional
enclosures has been numerically studied. The enclosures studied here were heated with
uniform heat flux on a vertical wall and cooled at constant temperature on the opposite
wall. The remaining walls were considered adiabatic. Fluid properties were assumed
constant except for the density change with temperature on the buoyancy term. The
governing equations were solved using the finite volumes method and the dimensionless
form of these equations has the Prandtl number and the modified Rayleigh number as
parameters. The influences of the Rayleigh number and of the cavity aspect ratio on the
Nusselt number, for a Prandtl number of 0.7, were analyzed. Results were obtained for
values of the modified Rayleigh number up to 106 and for aspect ratios ranging from 1 to
20. The results were compared with two-dimensional results available in the literature and
the variation of the average Nusselt number with the parameters studied were discussed.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF CYCLONE FLOW FLUID DYNAMICS USING A DIFFERENT INLET SECTION ANGLE
Authors: Bernardo S. , Peres A. P. , Mori M.
Published: September 2018

The conventional design of the cyclone model has been used without significant
modifications for about a century. Recently, some studies were carried out to improve
equipment performance by evaluating the geometric influence of the tangential inlet section
and scroll inlet duct design. In this work, the influence of cyclone inlet section geometry
was studied using an angle of 45 degrees in relation to the cyclone body. The study was
conducted for the gas and gas-particle phases, based on an experimental study available in
the literature, where a conventional inlet section was used. Numerical experiments were
carried out with the CFX computational code. The fluid dynamics profiles and tangential
velocity component were evaluated for three inlet velocities (2.75, 7.75 and 15.2 m/s)
using the Reynolds Stress model. The results showed that this proposal is useful for
improving the cyclone performance.