bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Rough Set Based Knowledge Discovery Model and its Application in Virtual Assembly
Authors: Li Cui Ling , Zhao Rong Yong
Published: August 2011

To solve the problem of lack of assemble knowledge in ship virtual assembly system, a novel rough-set theory based knowledge discovery model is studied to find the process knowledge hidden in virtual assembly. First the typical knowledge structure used in ship virtual assembly is analyzed and improved into a generalized definition using the object-oriented technology. The technology solution to develop knowledge discovery model for ship virtual assembly is proposed based on rough set theory. All the key technologies such as Petri-RS information transformation model, RS attribute reduction and knowledge management technologies are analyzed respectively for real engineering application. The developed knowledge discovery system of the ship virtual assembly can realize the data processing and mining, to discover useful assembly knowledge automatically. Further with an engineering example from virtual assembly in shipbuilding enterprises, this paper provides a technical solution to disvover useful assembly knowlege, reduce assembly time for ship building in real product line, to enhance production efficiency obviously.
Conceptual Queries Based on Knowledge for E-Commerce
Authors: Xu Jing Ke , Sun Huan Liang , Song Xiao Yu , Wang Yong Hui
Published: August 2011

In some e-commerce system, users do not know performance of commodities described by numeric values, but they can provide conceptual descriptions, such as “high”, “medium” and “low” on its price. The query based on concepts as inputs is named conceptual query. The basic method of conceptual query is to convert user's fuzzy concept into standard SQL statement based on the domain knowledge. However, if a condition is composed of the high and multilevel concepts, then its conversion of the concepts is very complex. Its efficiency will be poor. A new knowledge-based query method on multilevel generalized data is proposed in this paper. The knowledge of fuzzy concepts needs to be established, and multilevel generalized data is generated, a knowledge-based multilevel query is achieved on generalized data. Experiments on the synthetic data sets show that on a higher level and multiple levels the query efficiency of the method proposed in the paper is better than the basic method. The knowledge-based conceptual query on multilevel generalized data will provide efficient methods for the query about housing products in rural town and can meet the needs of customers with different knowledge, and has higher practical value.
Progressive Damage and Failure Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Laminated Composites Containing a Hole
Authors: Zhang Bo Ming , Zhao Lin
Published: August 2011

A progressive damage and failure model for fiber reinforced laminated composites is developed in combination of finite element procedure and micromechanical model based on a unit cell. The micromechanical model can be used to evaluate failure criteria at the micro-level with fiber and matrix material properties. Once either of the constituents has damaged, the corresponding material properties are degraded by the damage factor. The micromechanical model and the damage theory are implemented in the finite software ABAQUS by using the user material subroutine UMAT and VUMAT, to model the damage progression and compute the ultimate strength of the composite laminates containing a hole. The predicted strengths for this model is compared with the experimental results, and a well agreement in the simulation and experimental resulted is revealed.
Workgroup-Based Manpower Planning for Multi-Type Staff Collaboration
Authors: Liang Zu Hong , Chen Qing Xin , Mao Ning
Published: August 2011

This paper aims to investigate the workgroup-based manpower planning for multi-type staff collaboration. For customization-based equipment making companies, multiple types of staffs which have different working efficiencies often exist. This situation is even complicated by the working groups which have master-apprentice constraints. Due to the complexity of the problem, this paper not only considers the staffs’ salaries and employment/unemployment costs, but also takes the technique inheriting and employee stableness into consideration. Through establishing the dynamic planning model which reflects staffs’ employing and working types, the configuration results of human resource are obtained and recommended to this kind of companies.
Application of Grey Relational Analysis Based on Distance Analysis in the Location of Automobile Distribution Center
Authors: Zhou Kang Qu , Guo Dong Dong , Xie Bo , Wang Bing Jie
Published: August 2011

The weight of evaluation objectives has not been given the corresponding consideration when solving the correlation degree by taking traditional grey relation analysis and it is with a lot of subjective factors, easily lead to mistakes in decision-making on program. To solve this problem, making decision by taking grey relational analysis based on distance analysis is proposed in this paper, and make the evaluation more fit reality, the result of decision-making more effective and scientific. Finally, the proposed method is indicated that is feasible and effective by case analysis.
Study of Manufacturing Leadtime Calculation Based on Virtual Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Yuan Chang , Li Yong
Published: August 2011

With the continuously increasing ERP implementation, how to define master data, especially manufacturing leadtime is a difficult problem faced by all the manufacturers. Based on VMT (Virtual Manufacturing Technology), the article discusses how to integrate ERP and VMT to help solve it. By running simulation modeling, we can calculate manufacturing leadtime for each operation on the workcell, and thus get the whole routing manufacturing leadtime. This method not only calculates manufacturing leadtime, but also solves the capability planning problem. With the help of VMT, R&D engineers can then supply the exact solutions to prepare master data for ERP system.
The Microstructure of Ni/ZrO2 Infiltrated Composite Layer
Authors: Sun Xian Ming , Li Jian , Yang Gui Rong , Song Wen Ming , Ma Ying
Published: August 2011

The Ni/ZrO2 composite powder was used as raw materials to fabricate the surface infiltrated composite layer on cast steel substrate through vacuum infiltrated casting technology. The microstructure indicated that the infiltrated composite layer included surface composite layer, Ni-based alloying layer and diffusion transition layer. The thickness of diffusion transition layer deceased with the increasing thickness of preform. The surface infiltrated composite layer was composed of ZrO2 ceramic particles, Cr2B and NiB intermetalic compounds as well as Ni-based solid solution. The Ni-based solid solution and Fe-based solid solution was the main composition for diffusion transition layer. The change of micro-hardness of surface infiltrated composite layer presents gradient from surface of infiltrated layer to substrate.
Quality Management Process Continuous Improvement Based on Workflow Mining
Authors: Chen Liang , Liu Qiang , Li Xiao Hua
Published: August 2011

This paper presents an approach to diagnose and improve the quality management process based on workflow mining technology. In order to inspect each improvement stage in the PDCA lifecycle, an adaptive process mining method is proposed to reconstruct the workflow models from logs. In this method, a sliding window is defined on the process audit streams, and the sliding window size and process schedule method are continuously adjusted by the updating rules to adaptively find various stages of the process changes implied in the workflow log. Case study and comparisons are used to illustrate the accuracy and high performance of this algorithm in the end.
Effect of Laser Cladding Technologies on Microstructure and Properties of Ni-Based WC Alloy Coatings
Authors: Cheng Hu , Fang Zhi Gang , Zhao Xian Rui , Dai Sheng , Yi Jian
Published: August 2011

The Ni-based WC alloy coatings were successfully fabricated on NAK80 mold steel by Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers. The microstructure and properties of the laser cladded coatings were analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRD and microhardness tester. The results show that phase constituents of both coatings are mainly composed of tungsten carbide (WC+W2C), Cr23C6, NiCr, CrB2 and γ-Ni. The excellent metallurgical bondings have formed at the interface between the substrate and the laser cladded coatings. Dendrite and white and block WC phase were observed in two kinds of laser cladded coatings, but the dendrite in Nd:YAG laser cladded coating is more fine. The microhardness of NAK80 mold steel is greatly improved by laser cladding, however the microhardness of the CO2 laser cladded coating is even higher than the Nd:YAG laser cladded coating.
Research on Real-Time Synthetic Error Compensation Principle for CNC Machine Tool
Authors: Cui Gang Wei , Lu Jia , Gu Yu Feng , Gao Dong , Wang Hong Cai , Li Chun Cheng
Published: August 2011

Synthetic error of CNC machine tool, mainly including geometric error and thermal error, is generally affected by many factors. And temperatures that include environment temperature and temperature asymmetry of machine tool are most important factor. Aiming at geometric error and thermal error mainly, this paper proposed a real-time synthetic error compensation solution for CNC machine tool based on Differential Resolver Function (DRF). The principle of this solution is offsetting the origin of workpiece coordinate system when implementing the NC code in machine tool. After real-timely collecting machine tool coordinates position and thermal key points’ temperatures, synthetic errors are calculated by the synthetic model that is beforehand constructed and stored in compensation equipment, and then the pulses that represent coordinate system origin offsetting value are generated and sent into NC system by DRF to realize synthetic error compensation of CNC machine tool.
Research on a New Technique of No Mark Overprint
Authors: Wang Ying , Ren Fen Fen , Zhang Cheng
Published: August 2011

There are some problems with traditional mark replacement and accurate detection of overprint deviation, this paper presents a new method which can detect the parameter of the no mark overprint. The method is based on the basis of mathematical morphology to determine the sign of the multi-structural elements and multi-scale morphological edge, by using detection algorithm to extract image edge; and then the image edge was fitted by using least square fitting algorithm, so the sub-pixel center coordinates of the overprint mark can be obtained; Finally, accurate data of the overprint deviation can be obtained by using deviation operation formula. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the overprint deviation detection has high precision, which can help to improve the accuracy, real-time and automatic control of overprint. So it can ensure that the whole picture's tone and hue of printing image can be reproduced accurately.
Development of Acoustic System of Hexahedral Sapphire Abrasive Shock Machining
Authors: Zhang Yun Dian , Teng Zhi Jun , Dai Sheng
Published: August 2011

The sapphire abrasive shock machining is studied on the basis of characteristic of hard and brittle material processing, the acoustic system of processing plant is designed and analysed in theory, the parameter design and computational process are given, the basic dimension parameter of components are calculated, and model analysis is made with CAE software. According to theoretical calculation and analysis result, the transducer, solid horn and tool that the resonant frequency is 20 kHz are manufactured. The resonant frequency of acoustic system is measured by HP4294A Impedance Analyzer, is less 0.019 452 kHz than ideal one and satisfied with design and application requirement. Manufacturing test specimen with assembled acoustic system, and test results show the developed acoustic system can enhance machining efficiency, increase machining accuracy and improve surface quality.
Tribo-Electrochemical Performance of Copper ECMP in Mixed Phosphate Electrolyte
Authors: Zhai Wen Jie , Yang Yang Zhan
Published: August 2011

A mixed phosphate slurry is screened out first in terms of inhibition efficiency of the inhibitor by electrochemical static-corrosion test of copper for different concentrations of H3PO4 and BTA. Then ECMP experiments are carried out on a modified pin-on-disk type tribo-electrochemical tester for the candidate slurry under the potential range of applied voltage, with the anodic current and friction coefficient recorded and MRR measured. It is found that copper ECMP can achieve good surface quality with a high MRR under 0.75 V anodic potential in slurry of 10%KH2PO4 + 5%H3PO4+0.03M BTA. Down force is found to have little effect on MRR in the mixed slurry, this pressure-independent characteristics may help reduce the pattern effect during patterned wafer polishing.
A New Polyethylene Corrosion Protecting Coating with Ion Selectivity
Authors: Dong Yu Hua , Ren Ke , Zhou Qiong
Published: August 2011

Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was chemically modified with grafting maleic anhydride (MAH) monomer on its backbone by melting blending. Nano-particles SiO2 was modified by cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic surfactant sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) and added to PE coating respectively. Measurement of membrane potential showed that the coating containing modified SiO2 nano-particles had characteristic of ion selectivity. The properties of the different coatings were investigated according to relative industrial standards. Experimental results indicated that PE coating with ion selectivity had better performances, such as adhesion strength, cathodic disbonding and anti-corrosion, than those of coating without ion selectivity. Crystal structure of the coatings before and after alkali corrosion was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Structure of the coating without ion selectivity was damaged by NaOH alkali solution, causing mechanical properties being decreased. And the structure of the ion selective coatings was not affected.
New Viscoelastic Magnetic Abrasive and its Surface Finishing Process
Authors: Li Wen Hui , Li Xiu Hong
Published: August 2011

In order to solve the practical problem of deburring and surface finishing of internal hole surface, mold cavity, complex surface, etc., a new viscoelastic magnetic abrasives is proposed based on analysis of field characteristic and existing finishing process. Viscoelastic magnetic abrasives are prepared, and motion locus of abrasives are discussed. An experimental investigation is engaged on direct hole, keyway surface through a simple test device designed by ourselves. Theoretical analysis and experiments show that all burrs is removed, the edges are rounded off and the surface is smooth, the value of surface roughness Ra drops from 0.53μm to 0.05μm. It’s successful application will effectively solve the practical difficulty of deburring and surface finishing for special shapes such as groove, keyway, etc. and fulfil the quantitative finishing of complex surfaces. It will produce a positive impact on precision surface finishing technology.
Pre-Tensioning Fixture Development for Machining of Thin-Walled Components
Authors: He Jia Yuan , Wang Yan , Gindy Nabil
Published: August 2011

Pre-tensioning forces are, in essence, the application of selective clamping forces on components prior to machining to create a “stress field” envelope that aids the processes of components. Utilisation of pretension forces prior to process offers advantages of increasing component rigidity, thus reducing the deflection from process, and holding the components in a way to counteract the machining forces etc. However, the scientific research of pre-tensioning forces has not been extensively or comprehensively investigated. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of applying pre-tensioning forces on thin walled components, and more specifically, focuses on the development of appropriate fixtures to achieve optimal performance from pre-tensioning. Finite Element Analyses (FEA) were used intensively to analyse the impact of pre-tensioning forces on components during machining process considering machining deflections. After the FE models were validated from experiments, stiffness of components under the action of pre-tensioning forces can be predicted for the development of future fixture design
Numerical Simulation on Low-Speed Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspection to Heat Exchanger Pipes
Authors: Zhang Min , Wang Li Jun , Guo Chun Fei
Published: August 2011

Numerical simulation on low-speed magnetic flux leakage inspection to heat exchanger pipes is described. Statistics suggest that 90% of defects in ferromagnetic heat exchanger pipes occur under the retaining plate or nearby, making it a key monitoring area. This paper illustrates influence of different velocities, defect depth and position on the characteristic of flux leakage signals. Result of the numerical simulation provides theoretical principle for application of Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technique to inspection of heat exchanger pipes. It possesses great significance to enhance the possibility for defect inspection as well.
Numerical Simulation of Macrosegregation Formation in Binary Alloy Solidification Processing Based on Modified Projection Method
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhou Jian Xin , Pang Sheng Yong , Liao Dun Ming , Yin Ya Jun
Published: August 2011

A simplified mathematical model for describing the solidification processing of fluid flow, heat and solute transfer in binary alloys is developed. The conservation equations are numerically solved on a staggered grid by using the control volume-based finite difference method. As the interdendritic flow in the mushy zone is governed by Darcy’s law, the Modified Projection Method is presented for solving the momentum and continuity equations. The solidification processing of Fe-C alloy in rectangular domains is simulated and discussed. The numerical result shows that, by using the Modified Projection Method technique, the presented model is able to predict the macrosegregation formation effectively.
Mathematical Model for Evaluating Roundness Errors by Maximum Inscribed Circle Method
Authors: Liu Ping , Miao Hui Yi
Published: August 2011

An unconstrained optimization model is established for assessing roundness errors by the maximum inscribed circle method based on radial deviation measurement. The properties of the objective function in the optimization model are thoroughly researched. On the basis of the modern theory on convex functions, it is strictly proved that the objective function is a continuous and non-differentiable and convex function defined on the two-dimensional Euclidean space. The minimal value of the objective function is unique and any of its minimal point must be its global minimal point. Any existing optimization algorithm, so long as it is convergent, can be used to solve the objective function in order to get the wanted roundness errors by the maximum inscribed circle assessment. One example is given to verify the theoretical results presented.
Major Process Quality Control for Light Seal of Piston Ring Based on KPCA and Elman Neural Network
Authors: Yang Jie , Deng Yao Hua
Published: August 2011

Analyzing the mutil-process manufacturing for nitride piston ring, and construct a multi-criteria decision system with AHP, then the nitride, stereotype and microhoning process are selected as the first, second and third key process of quality control. Further, six principle components are extracted with KPCA, and the nitride temperature, nitride time and activator are selected as the input of the prediction model, while the nitride rigidity is selected as the output of the prediction model. Then the quality prediction model based on an Elman neural network is successfully applied in nitride process, which inspects any odd change and predicts the process characteristics, and the predictive accuracy achieves that ninety-two percent of the actual value.
Investigation of Laser Parameters Influence of Direct-Part Marking Data Matrix Symbols on Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Qiu Hua Dong , Bao Wen Shuang , Lu Chang Hou , Li Xue Yong
Published: August 2011

Different laser parameters and the interactional production can affect the barcode grade profoundly. In order to mark barcodes on aluminum alloy with a laser effectively, it is important to search out the optimum parameters and establish a relationship between critical laser parameters and the quality of the symbol. In this research, a Nd:YAG laser was utilized to produce 3136 Data Matrix symbols onto aluminum substrates. The experiment focuses on all interval values of the vector step, inter-step time, laser Q frequency and laser Q release time. From the experiment results, the optimized parameters are the vector step of 0.005~0.009 mm, the inter-step time of 29~43 μs, laser Q frequency of 7~10 KHz, and laser Q release time of 13~19 μs. And then, by analyzing the higher and the lower power density processing module SEM images and EDS data, it was found that the microstructure and micro-components of formations that created by the interaction between the laser and the aluminum alloy can affect the barcodes grade level significantly.
Effect of Wall Conditions on PVC-R Co-Rotating Conical Twin-Screw Extrusion
Authors: Cao Ying Han , Chen Jin Nan
Published: August 2011

The effect of wall conditions on co-rotating conical twin-screw extrusion of rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC-R) is studied. The relationship between the shear stress at the screw surface and the slip velocity of the flowing melt obeys Navier’s linear law. When the volumetric flow rate is 3.83×10-5 m3/s, the pressure difference between the entrance and exit of the metering section of co-rotating conical twin-screw extruder is calculated under different wall conditions by using the evolution technique in POLYFLOW. The 3D isothermal flow fields of PVC-R are also calculated. The results show that when the slip coefficient is smaller than 104 , the pressure difference is constant, corresponding to the full slip condition. When the slip coefficient is larger than 104 , with the slip coefficient decreasing, the pressure difference, and the gradients of velocity, pressure and shear rate decrease. The residual stress of the product is thus reduced. Therefore, increasing wall slip is good for the stability of polymer extrusion and the product quality. The dispersive and the distributive mixing of the twin-screw extruder under different slip conditions are also studied. Results show that when the slip coefficient is 107 , it is good for the co-rotating conical twin-screw PVC-R mixing extrusion.
Study on the Melting Time of Solid Pellets in Melt in a Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Liang Chang , Wang Kui Sheng , Jiang Bo
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the process of solid pellets being molten in the liquid melt in a co-rotating twin screw extruder is studied. Melting sequence of multiple pellets in the melt is calculated to find out the location where pellet is molten finally, and then a theoretical model is set up in which a cylindrical pellet is placed here. Further research is carried out to study how orientation of pellet and processing variables influence the melting time. FEM software, FLUENT is adopted to simulate the cases. It could be concluded that melting mechanisms of solid pellets are mainly convection; Pellets in the pushing zones would be molten at first and pellets in the middle channel and trailing zones at last. The orientation of pellets, temperature of melt and screw speed affect the melting time of the solid significantly.
Research and Structure Realization of a New Cleaning Machine for Aluminum Package
Authors: Tao Ke , Liu Jun , Wang Yuan Tiao , Fang Tian
Published: August 2011

In order to improve the cleaning effect and efficiency of the aluminum package used for carrying electronic aluminum liquid a new cleaning machine of aluminum package was put forward. Three standard cutters is used in new equipment to mill the inner cylindrical surface and end surface by moving in an epicyclic way. The cutting efficiency could be enhanced due to the appropriate capability carried by the cutters. The radial adjusting device of the cutter disk make the processing range flexible, thus increase the applicability of the equipment. Based on the analysis and research on the cutting devices of the new-structure aluminum package cleaning machine and the simulated to the machine processing it is demonstrated that the strength and stiffness of the cutting devices are qualified, and the design of the cleaning machine tool is practical.
Optimal Heater Control in Thermoforming Preheating Using Approximate Function
Authors: Li Zhen Zhe , Shen Gui Ying , Li Mei Qin , Wang Xiao Qian , Shen Yun De
Published: August 2011

Thermoforming is one of the most versatile and economical processes available for shaping polymer products. To improve the quality of final products, the temperature difference between surface and center of sheet should be continuously minimized. But, the temperature difference between surface and center of sheet can not be freely reduced because of low thermal conductivity of sheet materials. In this paper, an analysis model was developed under the condition that the inputted heat flux was expressed by an exponential function form. In the following step, an optimal design was carried out using a 3rd order polynomial. The optimal results show that the developed method can be used to reduce the temperature difference between surface and center of sheet by adjusting the parameter of time-dependent heat flux.
Investigation of Die Wear during Fine-Blanking Process of a Kind of Automobile Synchronizer Slipper by FEM and Experiments
Authors: Yin Fei , Mao Hua Jie , Hua Lin , Gu Zhi Qiang
Published: August 2011

In this paper, die wear during fine-blanking process of a kind of automobile synchronizer slipper was investigated based on Finite Element Method (FEM) and experiments. The Finite Element (FE) model to simulate the fine-blanking process of the automobile synchronizer slipper was established on the DEFORM-3D software platform, and Archard's wear model was employed to calculate die wear during the process. Meanwhile, mesh refinement and automatic remeshing technique were used during meshing process of the blanked materials and bottom die in order to achieve high accuracy results of FE simulations and improve the computational efficiency. Simulation results have been verified and show good agreement with the real manufacture. In addition, relationships between die wear and the process parameters during fine-blanking process such as pressure pad force, ejector force, blanking speed, blanking clearance, fillet radius of bottom die as well as hardness of bottom die were investigated, respectively via FEM. The simulation results indicate that die wear is in proportion to the pressure pad force, ejector force, blanking speed and fillet radius of bottom die, while in inverse proportion to the blanking clearance and hardness of bottom die, which will provide a reliable reference for the real manufacture and engineering application.
Research on the Mechanism of Interface Strengthening for Ti3Al/TC11 Dual Alloy
Authors: Liu Ying Ying , Yao Ze Kun , Guo Hong Zhen , Wu Fang Lin
Published: August 2011

The Ti3Al/TC11 dual alloy bar joined by electron beam welding was deformed by near isothermal forging and then processed by gradient heat treatment. Afterwards, the mechanism of interface strengthening has been investigated according to the microstructure evolution and properties. The results show the brittle phases formed in the re-solidification can be broken by near isothermal forging; the lattice distortion energy is increased obviously due to deformation, so the nucleation ratio of recrystallization is improved, which method is fine-crystal strengthening. After the dual alloy deformed by near isothermal forging is further processed by gradient heat treatment, the room temperature tensile strength of the joint is higher than that of the Ti3Al alloy; the high temperature tensile strength of the joint is equal to or higher than that of the TC11 alloy. The reason is that the finer and phases are precipitated from the phase transus microstructure in the welding interface, which produces the effects of fine-crystal strengthening and dispersion strengthening.
Effects of Extrusion Process on Microstructure of Aluminum Profiles with Different Wall Thickness Sections
Authors: Ma Jian Zhe , Mao Da Heng , Li Ji Bin , Wang Hong Zhi
Published: August 2011

The material undergoes the different deformation stage and the changing history of strain-rate and temperature affects the microstructure evolution during extrusion process. To understand the effect of extrusion process on microstructure evolution, the microstructures of aluminum profile with different wall thickness sections are compared and the variety of strain-rate and temperature are analyzed. The result show that the larger increasing gradient of strain-rate leads to the incomplete recrystallization process in thin wall section during the pocket die stage. The coarse grains are developed by second recrystallization because of the violent strain-rate changes, which is caused by the entrance of bearing-land. The lasting time of high strain-rate and temperature decided the growth of coarse grains, which is affected by bearing-land length.
Simulation of the Effect of Process Parameters on Particle Velocity in Cold Spray Using Laval Nozzle with Nine Holes
Authors: Liu Chuan Shao , Jin Yao Hui , Zheng Jian Xin
Published: August 2011

Simulations of the supersonic flow field inside and outside of the Laval nozzle with single hole and nine holes were carried out based on the computational fluid dynamics method. The effects of different standoff distance and particle diameter on impact velocity of Cu particle spraying from single hole and nine holes were investigated firstly. The results show that the particle velocity obtained with the nine holes nozzle is higher than that of the single hole nozzle under the same standoff distance, and the smaller the standoff distance, the higher the particle velocity may be obtained with the nine holes, and the higher particle velocity may be obtained with smaller particle diameter for particles with diameters of 1 ~ 15 μm. Furthermore the effects of different spraying pressure and temperature on particle velocity of Cu particle spraying from the nine holes nozzle were also studied. And the simulations indicate that the higher the spraying pressure and temperature may make the particle spraying with greater velocity.
Experimental Research on Connection of Pipe and Rod by Electromagnetic Impulse
Authors: Feng Fei , Huang Shang Yu , Hu Jian Hua , Gao Fu Yang , Song Chang Peng
Published: August 2011

The electromagnetic connection processes of Aluminum alloy pipes were studied in the paper. Experimental coil and poles were designed according to pipes’ initial size. Some electromagnetic connection experiments were carried out under gap and the number of grooves. The influences of systematic technological parameter to connection strength were investigated with tensile test. The gap of connection have a best value and less than or greater than the value will decline the connection intensity. With the numbers of grooves increasing, the growth rate of the connection intensity increased at first and then decreased. It means an optimal value. In the experiment four grooves made connection intensity an enough strength which is even greater than the material ultimate strength. Too much grooves made no sense.
Quick Plastic Forming Behavior of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Sheet
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhang Zhi Peng , Liu Cheng Bo , Sheng Xia
Published: August 2011

The quick plastic forming (QPF) behavior for fine-grained AZ91D magnesium alloy sheet with the thickness of 1.0 mm and the grain size of 6.0 µm was investigated. Free gas bulging tests were conducted under different gas pressure for 300 s in the range of 250-400°C to investigate how the temperature and pressure impact on the formability of QPF. Free gas bulging test results show that the bulge height of semisphere part exist the peak value of 33 mm under the gas pressure of 0.5 MPa at 400°C. QPF tests of cup part were performed based on the free gas bulging test results. A cup part with the height of 20 mm which both of surface quality and fillet radius were satisfactory was formed using a two-stage loading path at 400°C during 300 s. Furthermore the microstructural revolution law during the QPF was discussed. The larger the thinning rate of parts is, the smaller the grain size will be.
Hardening Behaviours Prediction of TRIP Steels with Pre-Strain
Authors: Dan Wen Jiao , Zhang Wei Gang , Li Shu Hui
Published: August 2011

The hardening behaviours of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels depended on the martensite transformation from the retained austenite. As a key factor, pre-strain can influence martensite transformation during sheet metal multi-step processes. In order to learn about the material’s properties after pre-deformation, the effect of pre-strain on mechanical behaviours of TRIP steels has been investigated with the strain-induced martensite transformation in pre-strain condition in this study. The analyzed results show that: Hardening rate, strain hardening exponent and necking strain of TRIP steels are related to martensite transformation in deformation
Corrosion Behavior of Twin-Wire Metal Inert Gas Arc Welds in 7A52 Al Alloy Plate
Authors: Zhai Xi Wei , Chen Fu Rong , Jia Rui Ling , Wang Xiao Dong
Published: August 2011

Abstract. 7A52 aluminum alloy plate was welded using twin-wire metal inert gas arc welding (TANDEM welding). Corrosion behavior of the welded joint was investigated by immersion in 3.5% NaCl solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical inspections, specifically, polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were conducted to understand corrosion behavior of the TANDEM welding joint of 7A52 aluminum alloy. It was found that the heat affected zone (HAZ) exhibited higher corrosion susceptibility than the weld beam (WB), fusion zone (FZ) and base metal (BM). The electrochemical results showed that the WB with higher corrosion potential and larger impedance had highest corrosion resistance. Variations in the composition and grain size might have led to the differences in corrosion resistance because the welding process influenced microstructures of the TANDEM welding joint of 7A52 aluminum.
Analysis of Characteristics of Mg Alloy Welded Joint by Laser Welding
Authors: Xiu Hong Jian , Liu Jun , Dong Jun Hui , Xu Ping
Published: August 2011

The microstructure, the regular and mechanism of various parameters on formation of weld bead of Mg alloy AMCa403 using a laser welding were investigated. The results show that sound welds without major defects can be produced. Two welding modes of deep penetration welding, heat conduction welding were found, and heat input was found to be the main factor for welding mode and shape. The microstructure of weld metal is significantly finer than the base metal. At the same power, with the increase of welding speed, the microstructure of weld metal is much finer.
Minimum Power Architecture of Relay-Based Network with Bandwidth and Hop-Count Constraints
Authors: Chen Chi Tung , Tekinay Sirin , Saraydar Cem , Chen Hsing Chung , Hsieh Ming Yuan , Wang Jyu Wei
Published: August 2011

Energy bills are on the rise and with the recent attention to saving the global environment. Saving energy (minimizing energy consumption) is becoming a standard issue for all industrial and commercial applications. Moreover, provisioning of quality of service (QoS) for multimedia traffic in wireless networks is complicated due to user mobility and limited wireless resources. Bandwidth (throughput) and hop count and are the important parameters in QoS requirements. In this article, a novel QoS constrained minimum power cellular ad hoc augmented network (QCMP CAHAN) architecture is proposed for next generation wireless networks. The QCMP CAHAN architecture is proposed to find the optimal minimum power route under bandwidth and hop-count constraints (QoS constraints). The QCMP CAHAN has a hybrid architecture, in which each mobile terminal (MT) of CDMA cellular networks has ad hoc communication capability. The QCMP CAHAN is an evolutionary approach to traditional cellular networks. We show that the total energy consumed by the MTs is lower in the case of QCMP CAHAN than in the case of traditional cellular networks. As the ad hoc communication range of each MT increases, the total transmitted energy in QCMP CAHAN decreases. However, due to the increased number of hops involved in information delivery between source and destination, the end-to-end delay increases. The maximum end-to-end hop count will be limited to a specified tolerable value, and QCMP CAHAN has ability to adapt to various hop-count constraints for different services. A MT in QCMP CAHAN will not relay any message when its ad hoc communication range is zero, and if this is the case for all MTs, then QCMP CAHAN reduces to the traditional cellular networks. Moreover, the bandwidth constrained problem in QCMP CAHAN is described as a nonlinear programming problem to minimize the total power consumption. We solved the bandwidth constrained problem in QCMP CAHAN by allocating optimum traffic rates on different routes between source and destination.
Design on Height Interface Circuit for Atmosphere Computer
Authors: Hou Min Sheng
Published: August 2011

In order to make Russian-made atmosphere computer can be connected the domestic ATC（Air Traffic Control） transponder, the interface circuit, consisted of single chip microcomputer, A/D converter, level converter, driver circuit, isolator and electrical power, is designed. The data correlation and anti-jamming techniques are adopted to simplify hardware and to enhance conversion precision of height data and anti-jamming performance of the system. The test shows that the interface circuit can convert the analog height signal to digital encoding signal fit the requirements for domestic ATC transponder.
Mixing Effect and Energy Efficiency Analysis for Different Lances in Steel Converter Process
Authors: Xu Dong , Cang Da Qiang , Qin Li Xue , Duan Jian Feng
Published: August 2011

The mixing effect in steel converter process is very important to the fluid flow and mass transfer in bath and directly affects the chemical reaction and temperature homogeneity in the industry steel process. The cold model was employed to research the relationship of mixing time, agitation power, lance type, operation parameters, bath shape et al. According to the results, the mixing time of the bath decreases with larger gas flow rate and bigger diameter of the bath. Increasing the nozzle inclination properly is benefit for decreasing the mixing time and improving the agitation of the bath. The relationship of mixing time and lance height is complicated, because the mixing time is fluctuant by the lance rising. By introduce the relative energy utilization factor, the agitation power utilization was analyzed and compared under different conditions. The energy efficiency is higher with larger nozzle inclination as well as the bigger ratio of diameter and depth of the bath.
High-Aspect-Ratio and Self-Sensing Probe for AMF Based on Micro-Fabrication
Authors: He Gao Fa , Gao Wei
Published: August 2011

The cantilever with a high-aspect-ratio and long probe is a key sub-system of the atomic force microscopes (AFMs) used to measure the surface aspect of the mechanical and optical devices. In this paper, a novel cantilever with a 50μm-length-probe and self-sensing piezoresistor was designed; and based on the micro fabrication technology, the processes were planned. The dynamic and static characteristics of the cantilever were analyzed on theory and finite element method (FEM). The results show that the length of the probe has no effect on the cantilever’s dynamic and static performance.
Graph-Based Manufacturing Flow Generating Method for Micro Device
Authors: Liu Zheng , Chen Hua
Published: August 2011

This paper concentrates on how to generate manufacturing flow from the feature model of surface micromachined device. Firstly, the feature-based designing framework is presented, in which the manufacturing flow generation method plays an important role for feature mapping. Then, the graph-based approach makes benefit for the logical organizing and real-time adjusting of design features. The features combination approach is further presented to obtain layered model, which in turn corresponds to an optional manufacturing flow. In the meantime, some optimal operations are performed for better manufacturability. Finally, a polysilicon micro motor is used to illustrate the approach. In addition, the results are discussed to indicate the future work on scheme evaluation.
Research on CNC and Lathe Processing of Middle-Convex and Varying Piston
Authors: Xie Tan Cheng , Zhang Jian Guo , Xin Hong Min , Xu Yan Wei , Nan Xiang
Published: August 2011

This document analyses the surface of piston in two aspects, discrete points of axial section profile are fitted by cubic spline tool of MATLAB, interpolate curve after fitting with method of precision linear approximation. Equipartition of cross section profile are done,and through subdivision of points of equipartition,to approach theory contour. the number of divide points must satisfy the request was made, with the principle of the relative movement，in the processing of cross section in an ellipse，detailed analysis the motion of line motor，pointed out how changes the speed and acceleration of workbench.and must satisfy the basic conditions of the line motor to respond to the turning of cross section in an ellipse. On this basis, design a lathe machining CNC system of piston with structure of upper and lower computer, moulding of surface of piston are completed by upper computer, feed drive of X, Z axis and spindle are completed by lower computer, surface of middle-convex and varying piston are processed finally.
Research on Long Distance Radio Frequency Identification System of Toolholder
Authors: Wang Shu Lin , Yang Zhi Jie , Liu Gang , Xu Yan Yun
Published: August 2011

Considering the difficulty in identifying the tool system in the process of tool management, this paper proposes a design of toolholder identification system which is capable of storing all tool date using commercially available radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The system is composed of radio frequency electronic tags, ultra high frequency reader and computer identification system. The paper gives the hardware and software design of toolholder identification system.
Performance Evaluation of Conformable Vices
Authors: Wang Zhi Jian , Wang Yan , Gindy Nabil
Published: August 2011

This paper introduces an experimental design and evaluation of two newly developed conformable vices. One conformable vice is sheet metal vice and the other is ball bearing vice, these two conformable vices are designed for holding complex-shaped components. The experimental investigation is performed by comparing the conformable vices against a standard vice in static performance and machining performance. Force signals are monitored during experiments. From the comparison, the performance of the two conformable vices is discussed. The results prove that the two conformable vices can be applied for clamping components with performance comparable with a standard vice.
Analysis of Mass Transfer during Loose Material’s Convective Drying
Authors: Wang Xue Ping , Cao Wei Wei , Song Yong , Zhang Zhen Wei
Published: August 2011

Abstract. The thesis focuses on how to get the mathematical model of mass transfer under some certain simplified conditions and how to gain the moisture content of materials under drying. In this process, authors utilized phenomenological equations of heat and moisture transfer and analyzed the relationship and cross effects between force and flow, which were about various kinds of heat and mass transfer. In addition, the authors also used computer simulation in drying process. The result of the study is that drying rate depends on the speed of the internal moisture migration. The conclusions of this thesis have great significance for selecting the dryer and in the actual production.
Fast and Accurate Calibration of 1D and 2D Gratings
Authors: Lei Li Hua , Liu Yi , Chen Xin , Fu Yun Xia , Li Yuan
Published: August 2011

Grating is a widely-used standard to calibrate the horizontal plane of almost all kinds of microscopes. A grating standard consisting of 1D grating and 2D grating was designed and fabricated by Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology (SIMT). In this paper, a metrological large-range nano measuring machine integrated with atomic force microscope (AFM) and laser focus sensor (LFS) is used to calibrate this standard. In order to guarantee the measurement accuracy, cosine error, a significant error source which is caused by deviation angle between the scan direction and the perpendicular direction of the grating line, is analysed. Therefore, the scan direction should be determined accurately. For 1D grating, the scan direction is determined by two scanning profiles with deflection angle. Different beginning directions and deflection angles are analyzed to find the best beginning direction and deflection angle for fast and accurate scan direction determination. For 2D grating, the application of the same scan direction determination procedure is extended by using beginning direction and deflection angle which is opposite for 1D grating. Mean pitch is calculated through another profile which is scanned along the calculated scanning direction. Data from different probes are evaluated and the results demonstrate the method well.
Parameter Design and Application of Hydraulic Support with Hanging Chain and Splicing Beam in Shallow Seams
Authors: Shao Xiao Ping , Xia Yu Cheng , Shi Ping Wu
Published: August 2011

In view of actual situation of serious resources waste and less than 30% of face recovery ratio to shallow seams with existing features of harder roof at the process of room and pillar mining in northern Shaanxi province in China, reasonable support strength has been studied in both cases of normal mining and force caving for improved longwall mechanized mining face, and obtained reasonable working support resistance at the condition of force caving which was better than normal mining. Based on this condition, Shandong Xin Mei machinery Co, Ltd. has developed hydraulic support with hanging chain and splicing beam which was suitable to existing features of shallow seams. The support had advantages with flexible connection between supports to ensure that all pillars reached rated setting load, sub-size top beam to resolve "protection" and "cutting" dilemma for the roof, adjusting and locking support, etc. The company also has given concrete support parameters. By the field industrial test verification, the developed new support fully adapted strata behavior at the process of force caving with existing features of shallow depth and harder roof. The research has provided a useful reference for other coal mines with similar geological features.
Empirical Study on Process Optimization of MTO Production Systems
Authors: Guan Ying Ying , Zhang Bi Xi , Song Jing
Published: August 2011

Based on the structural entropy, this paper establishes a model for analyzing the degree of order of different structure of small or medium sized make-to-order stationery enterprise by using system limitation entropy and quality entropy. This quantificational method to evaluate the process optimization of production system is well validated.