bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benevolent Reeducation and Active Remolding: A Perspective from Liu Yuxuan’s Diary and Correspondence
Authors: Wang Ning
Published: October 2022

Using recently published personal correspondence and a diary (supplemented by camp gazetteers, recollections, etc.), this article attempts to examine the experiences and inner world of Liu Yuxuan, an intellectual persecuted in 1950s China, during his internment in a reeducation-through-labor ( laojiao) camp—his activism in ideological remolding, his perspectives on himself and his campmates, his wife’s role in his redemption, and some practices of and conditions in the Shandong First Laojiao Institution. While recent scholarship has noted the presence of relatively benevolent laojiao camps in the Mao Zedong era, this article shows what reeducation was like for a single individual. It also shows that, for certain types of victims of the Chinese Communist Party’s political campaigns, reeducation involved both genuine efforts for transformation and pragmatic concerns regarding surviving laojiao.
Fake digital identity and cyberbullying
Authors: Lareki Arkaitz , Altuna Jon , Martínez-de-Morentin Juan-Ignacio
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine whether or not there is an association between creating fake user accounts and engaging in behaviors deemed to constitute cyberbullying. A quantitative research methodology was used with a clear descriptive and interpretative intent. The sample comprised 1989 adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years from five regions in Southern Europe, who completed an online questionnaire. The results reveal that adolescents aged 16 years were the ones who engaged most in cyberbullying actions. Those who created false profiles tended to engage in more behaviors linked to cyberbullying. Adolescent social media users were mainly older boys who engaged more in cyberbullying behaviors. Relatively few adolescents claim to engage regularly in behaviors linked to cyberbullying. The study concludes that there is an urgent need to provide adolescents with training in the responsible use of digital technologies at an earlier age, before they begin using them assiduously.
Deconstructing social exclusions: The practice of digital activities among disabled people in China
Authors: Yang Liu
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on the experiences of disabled individuals in online activism in the context of China. Adopting the social model of disability, this study found an iceberg structure consisting of two levels and three layers. The explicit level included observed labels, attitudes and legislation. The implicit level involved both social and internalized stereotypes. These three layers of social structures interacted with each other and together brought about social exclusion into being. Adopting the social model as an organizing principle represents a starting point to alter social patterns and possibly change social isolation.
Lifting the Voices of Black Students Labeled With Emotional Disturbance: Calling All Special Education Researchers
Authors: Garwood Justin D. , Carrero Kelly M.
Published: October 2022

Ill-defined behaviors related to emotional disturbance (ED) classification and a lack of cultural competence have contributed to the over-representation of Black children in special education. Several meta-analyses and systematic reviews of the literature have been conducted to examine the topic of over-representation, but to date, there remains debate surrounding this issue. At the same time, and in recognition of the fact that statistical analyses from quantitative research do not lend voice to the participants in research studies, there is a dearth of qualitative research studies focused on Black students eligible for special education under an ED label where the researchers spoke to the students themselves, rather than asking others (e.g., teachers, parents) about them. In the current forum paper, we call attention to this issue by reviewing the existing studies where researchers have spoken to Black students with ED about their school experience, and we place a call to action before the field of special education researchers.
Histologic lesions of cestodiasis in octopuses
Authors: Finnegan Daniel K. , Murray Michael J. , Young Samuel , Garner Michael M. , LaDouceur Elise E. B.
Published: October 2022

Parasitism of cephalopods is common, including infection with Aggregata spp., Ichthyobodo spp., dicyemids, cestodes of the orders Tetraphyllidea and Trypanorhynchidea, and various crustaceans. Cestodiasis in octopuses is reported, although a full histologic description of lesions has not been previously described. Cestodiasis was identified in 10 octopuses of 4 different species, which included 4 common octopuses ( Octopus vulgaris), 3 Caribbean reef octopuses ( Octopus briareus), 2 two-spot octopuses ( Octopus bimaculoides), and 1 giant Pacific octopus ( Enteroctopus dofleini). Larval cestodes were present in the cecum ( n = 5), intestines ( n = 4), digestive gland ( n = 3), chitinous alimentary tract ( n = 2), renal appendage ( n = 1), and salivary duct ( n = 1). In 5 cases, larval cestodes invaded tissue and were associated with hemocytic inflammation and tracts of necrotic tissue in the intestines ( n = 3), digestive gland ( n = 3), and/or renal appendage ( n = 1). When present in the chitinous alimentary tract (esophagus, stomach) or cecum, larval cestodes were in the central lumen and not associated with lesions. One adult cestode was identified in the mantle cavity and was not associated with lesions. Other common concurrent parasitic infections included enteric Aggregata spp. infection, branchial Rickettsia-like organism infection, enteric nematodiasis, and an arthropod-associated branchitis.
‘Mark them with my Mark’: Human Branding in Egypt
Authors: Karev Ella
Published: October 2022

This paper analyzes the Aramaic and Egyptian textual evidence for the practice of marking enslaved persons in Late Period Egypt, concluding that the terminology of the period refers to branding, not tattooing, as previously suggested. Both branding and tattooing existed as forms of body mutilation, but these practices inhabited different spheres of social power; branding marked one as property, whereas tattooing was religious and decorative. Bearing in mind the use of branding as an indication of ownership, the evidence of tattooing as a cultic (and particularly feminine) practice, and the etymology and usage of the Aramaic terms, this paper proposes that the body mutilation practiced in this period on enslaved persons was branding, not tattooing. The identification of these marks as brands emphasizes the dehumanization of these enslaved persons and implies that their status was on par with other property such as cattle.
Building a whole process policy framework promoting construction and demolition waste utilization in China
Authors: Wang Qiaozhi , Jiang Tiancheng , Liu Lu , Zhang Shoucheng , Kildunne Anne , Miao Zuohua
Published: October 2022

The generation of construction and demolition waste1 (CDW) in China has increased dramatically in recent decades due to the rapid urbanization. Yet there is a very limited utilization of this waste, meaning that there is an urgent need to address this issue in order to reduce the reliance on virgin materials and improve the lived environment in China. This problem contrasts with the EU experience where many member states already exceed an 80% utilization rate of CDW due to extensive policy measures. We argue that the supervision of CDW is an important and underestimated element in addressing this waste stream, and that China and other rapidly developing states can build on the EU experience to address this issue rapidly and efficiently. This paper took a comparative policy analytical approach to summarize advanced experiences promoting CDW utilization, highlighting 14 advanced policy measures. We then conducted a case study approach applied to a Chinese metropolitan city, Wuhan, to identify the key measures to promote CDW utilization in the local area by questionnaire. On this basis, we then proposed a whole process supervision framework for the six most important policy measures, to cover the whole process of the generation, transport and recycling of this waste. This approach provides a mode for policymakers to prioritize the most important policy measures to address CDW problem in China through a timely and data-driven process.
Remediation of metals and plastic from e-waste by iron mine indigenous acidophilic bacteria
Authors: Nasiri Tannaz , Mokhtari Mehdi , Teimouri Fahimeh , Abouee Ehsan
Published: October 2022

The growing consumption of electrical and electronic equipment leads to high amounts of electronic waste (e-waste), which is now considered the fastest-growing waste stream at the national and international levels. As well as being a potential secondary resource due to its precious metals content, e-waste also contains strategic metals and plastics. For instance, mobile phones have about 25–55% plastic substances. A few studies have been performed to investigate the potential of indigenous bacteria in metals’ bioleaching from the polluted environment. Heterotrophic bioleaching potential in acidic conditions had been preliminarily investigated. Two soil types of iron ore were considered the source of indigenous bacteria. Despite the acidophilic nature of the bacterial consortium, they continued their leaching activity regardless of alkaline conditions. Maximum biorecovery rate related to copper (4%) responding to the main soil, owing to the higher copper content of mobile phone waste. Chromium had the least recovery rate (⩽0.002%). Overall, the maximum metal recovery rate was 4.7%, achieved by tailing heterotrophs at an e-waste loading of 10 g l−1. Statistical analysis had shown that there was no significant difference between the metal recovery rates and soil type or even the solid-liquid ratio ( p > 0.05). Although acidophilic indigenous heterotrophs could not be an appropriate alternative for a large amount of metal recovery process, they might have considerable potential in the bioremediation of e-waste plastic fractions and metals in low concentrations simultaneously.
Thermal degradation and combustion properties of most popular synthetic biodegradable polymers
Authors: Chen Hongmei , Chen Fengyi , Chen Hui , Liu Hongsheng , Chen Ling , Yu Long
Published: October 2022

Various products made from biodegradable polymers have been increasing rapidly in the market since the use of non-biodegradable materials has been banned, particularly for the disabled packaging materials. Burning remains the most popular method that is increasingly used in treating city wastes. The impact of these polymers on environmental during thermal degradation and combustion is an important issue for city waste management. In this work, the thermal degradation and combustion behaviours of the most popular synthetic biodegradable polymers in the market, poly(lactide acid) (PLA), poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polyhydroxyalkenoates (PHA), are investigated. Both isothermal and non-isothermal thermal decomposition in oxygen and nitrogen environment were studied using thermogravimetric analysis combining with differential scanning calorimeter and coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy. The combustion behaviour was investigated by a combustion colorimeter. The study results show that thermal degradation temperatures are PCL > PBS > PLA > PBAT > PHA. The thermal decomposition of all the polyesters started from scission reaction ( cis-elimination), and then a stereoselective cis-elimination, which resulted in the formation of trans-crotonic acid and its oligomers. They all decomposed into CO2 and water in excess oxygen environment above 800°C. Various chemical products with smaller molecules were detected under oxygen-free conditions, including oligomers and unsaturated carboxylic acid. The order of the total heat release of the materials from high to low is as follows: PHA > PCL > PBAT > PBS > PLA. The combustion values of these polyesters are lower than those of polyolefins; thus, they will not damage furnace used currently. The results provide some important and useful data for managing these new city waste.
Progress Monitoring Data for Learners With Disabilities: Professional Perceptions and Visual Analysis of Effects
Authors: Shepley Collin , Lane Justin D. , Graley Devin
Published: October 2022

This study serves as an initial attempt to establish content validity for graphs likely to be included in trainings targeting progress monitoring for professionals serving learners with or at risk for disabilities. We created a survey containing 32 graphic displays of hypothetical learner data. These surveys were administered to a sample of special education teachers, behavior analysts, higher education faculty, and related service providers. Survey respondents rated each graph on its likelihood of being encountered in practice and whether a graph depicted a therapeutic effect. Results indicated that graphs displaying a therapeutic effect were most likely to be encountered and that graphs with variable data in either a baseline or intervention condition were associated with incorrect visual analysis determinations. Implications of our findings are discussed with respect to personnel who develop and provide trainings on analyzing learners’ progress monitoring data.
Development and Validation of the Scale of Attitudes about Seeking Formal Help in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Cardenas Iris
Published: October 2022

Stigma plays a critical role in the decision-making process of intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors, particularly whether they disclose, initiate, and continue with care for the consequences of the violence. As such, this study developed and validated a scale to assess the manifestation of IPV stigma on survivors’ attitudes toward accessing services, using a racially and ethnically diverse sample of women ( N = 409). An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using a calibration subset ( n = 206) to identify the factor structure of the newly developed scale. A confirmatory factor analysis was then performed using a validation subset ( n = 203) to validate the hypothesized model. To assess language and Latina ethnic differences in the scale functioning, multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling was applied. To test for construct validity, the scale’s correlation with two conceptually relevant variables was estimated. The final exploratory factor analysis (EFA) model retained eight items across two factors, accounting for 58.63% of the variance. Factor 1 captures attitudes related to anticipated stigma, and factor 2 captures attitudes related to internalized stigma. Results from the CFA validated the hypothesized second-order, two-factor model of the scale of Attitudes About Seeking Formal Help. Overall, results from the MIMIC model indicated measurement invariance across English and Spanish-speaking and Latina and non-Latina survivors. Construct validity was supported. This scale provides a tool to help capture and understand IPV stigma in relation to accessing professional services. Specifically, practitioners will be able to identify survivors who endorse high negative attitudes about seeking formal help, potentially being at higher risk of service discontinuation. Such information could, in turn, help guide a targeted service plan. Practitioners may also use this tool with ongoing clients to inform their practices and determine whether specific IPV stigma should be the focus of intervention.
Fish Consumption and Advisory Awareness among a Representative Sample of Wisconsin Adults, 2017–2019
Authors: He Xiaofei , Tomasallo Carrie , Meiman Jonathan
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To examine fish consumption patterns and fish advisory awareness among Wisconsin adults.

Design

Cross-sectional data from population-based survey. Setting: 2017-2019 Wisconsin Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), supplemental fish module.

Subjects

15,757 Wisconsinites aged ≥18 years. Annual response rates ranged 46.1-53.3%.

Measures

Fish consumption, advisory awareness, background and demographic characteristics.

Analysis

Weighted binary and multinomial logistic regression.

Results

Most Wisconsinites reported eating fish in the past 30 days, with approximately half (49.8%) consuming less than one fish meal per week. One-fifth of adults reported consuming sportfish. Women were less likely to eat any fish (PORadj = .6, 95% CI: .5-.7) and sportfish than men (PORadj = .7, 95% CI: .6-.8). The majority (76.7%) of sportfish consumers were aware of fish advisories. However, women (PORadj = .7, 95% CI: .5-.9) and black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) (PORadj = .4, 95% CI: .2-.7) sportfish consumers were less likely to be aware of fish advisories. Compared to adults aged 18-34 years, adults ≥55 years were twice as likely to eat 1-2 fish meals (vs. less than 1 fish meal) per week (PORadj = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.8-2.9).

Conclusion

Findings indicate that half of all Wisconsinites consumed less fish than recommended by Wisconsin fish advisories, and women and BIPOC respondents were less likely to be aware of advisories. Educational efforts are needed to improve fish consumption habits.
Assessing Community Pharmacists’ Perception on Readiness to Initiate Point-of-Care Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in New York State During the Pandemic
Authors: Ngwu Ruth O. , Lindeau Ryan , Bielecki Laura M , Daly Christopher J.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Pursuant to the COVID-19 pandemic, an executive order issued by the New York State (NYS) governor allowed pharmacists to act as laboratory directors for a limited-service laboratory (LSL) to order and perform Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA)-waived COVID-19 point-of-care testing (POCT). Objectives: To (i) assess the status of NYS community pharmacists with POCT in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, (ii) assess the readiness and willingness of community pharmacists to incorporate COVID-19 POCT into their workflow during a pandemic, and (iii) assess community pharmacists’ perception of the barrier to initiating COVID-19 POCT. Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted from February 4 to February 21, 2021. An electronic survey consisting of 66 Likert-type questions, select all that apply, and fill-in-style questions were emailed to 250 Community Pharmacy Enhanced Service Network (CPESN) NY pharmacies, with a follow-up email sent halfway into the data collection period. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The result indicated that most participants (median = 5) demonstrated readiness and willingness to offer COVID-19 testing. Barriers to COVID-19 POCT were identified: impact on pharmacy workflow (59%), lack of payment mechanism (55%) and lack of sufficient training (21%). Most participants expressed interest in continuing POCT beyond the pandemic (86.1%). Conclusion: Community pharmacists in NYS reported willingness to initiate COVID-19 POCT. Addressing the identified barriers, such as workflow disruption and reimbursement challenges, will enable pharmacies to be better prepared to provide patient care, including POCT.
Analysis of hot tensile behaviour and prediction of thermal stresses during processing of AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Sai Divya Putta Venkata , Penumakala Pavan Kumar , Kalyan Krishnavajhala Guru Venkat , Nallathambi Ashok Kumar
Published: October 2022

The use of magnesium alloys is rapidly increasing in automotive and aerospace industries. Accurate constitutive modelling of material at high temperature is a key input for numerical simulation of manufacturing processes. In the present work, hot tensile deformation behaviour of AZ31 alloy was studied by performing uniaxial tensile tests in the temperature range of 250°C–450°C and strain rates ranging from 0.1  to 0.001 s−1. The flow stress behaviour of AZ31 alloy was modelled using two rate-dependent inelastic models, viz. Garafalo law and extended Ludwik law. Various constants in these models were predicted as a function of strain rate and temperature. These rate dependent laws were integrated using Finite Element (FE) based algorithms for thermo-mechanical simulation. Evolution of thermal stresses in solid state quenching and static casting of AZ31 alloys were studied. Results reveal that both material models accurately predict the evolution of thermal stresses for high temperature quenching and casting processes.
Selective fruit harvesting: Research, trends and developments towards fruit detection and localization – A review
Authors: Suresh Kumar Meenakshi , Mohan Santhakumar
Published: October 2022

Progressive application of multidisciplinary research and development pushes the evolution of automation in many subsectors of agriculture to increase productivity, economic growth and environmental preservation with the help of robotics and artificial intelligence. Fruit harvesting robots have been developed mainly to provide support in the field for limited labour resources, to enable selective harvesting, to improve the efficiency and to preserve the quality of fruits. Even a small delay in harvesting can cause a maximum impact to the quality of the fruit. Selective fruit harvesting is an integration of different subcomponents. This paper provides a brief analysis of the techniques in selective fruit harvesting for the past 6 years starting from 2017 to 2022, associated principles, limitations and directions for future challenges. The first subcomponent is the vision system, it captures the information about the fruit in a tree canopy to perform efficient 2D and 3D localization. Hence getting accurate information from the vision system is more essential even in a complex agricultural environment. The detection of fruit from the vision system is normally done with two major methods such as traditional image processing and deep learning approaches. The result shows that the traditional methods provide high efficiency but the colour similarity, complex backgrounds and lightning conditions often makes failure in detection. Shortage of standard dataset and high-powered processing devices hinders the development of deep learning algorithms. Also, the usage of large data sets reduces the training speed even in pre-trained networks. For fruit grasping and detachment, the detection of plucking point is more essential to preserve the quality and for further storage. The elaborate description about the framework, limitations in current sensing, fruit and picking point detection algorithms provides guidelines to the researchers in building a fully automated robotic system to increase the processing speed and production rate.
Aerodynamic characteristics analysis of a multiscale hemispherical dynamic pressure motor based on similarity theory
Authors: Niu Wentao , Wang Wei , Sun Wenli , Li Liang , Ling Linben , Wang Cong , Wang Yanzhong
Published: October 2022

Hemispherical dynamic pressure motors (HDPMs) are used in high precision gyroscope instruments, and the aerodynamic characteristics of gas in bearing clearance have an important influence on gyroscope accuracy. Due to the multiscale structure of the gas domain, there are few valuable studies on the aerodynamic characteristics of the HDPM. In this paper, a calculation model of HDPM was established based on similarity theory and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, which was solved under different conditions. The results indicate that the load force and resistance torque of the gas film are inversely proportional to the clearance size between the stator and rotor, which are also significantly related to the gas viscosity and the type of pressure outlet. This work can provide a method for the investigation of dynamic pressure characteristics for the multiscale fluid, and can also provide a reference for the optimal design and fault diagnosis of dynamic pressure motors.
Research on operation cost minimization online energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid passenger vehicles
Authors: Song Dafeng , Wu Qingtao , Yang Dongpo , Zeng Xiaohua , Qian Qifeng , Zhang Xuanming
Published: October 2022

The excellent fuel economy of fuel cell passenger vehicles has facilitated its applications. However, high operation costs including economic costs and degradation costs of power source make it uncompetitive. To minimize total operating costs, a new operation cost minimization online energy management strategy (OCMO-EMS) combining dynamic programming (DP) with control rule extraction is proposed in this work. Firstly, both the hydrogen consumption and degradation of power source are incorporated into multi-objective cost function, an improved DP is introduced to generate the globally optimal results. Then, for online application of globally optimal results, a new control rule extraction method that combines fixed thresholds with local working probability is raised. This method effectively extracts control rules to obtain near-optimal result and reduce calibration workload. In the end, offline and hardware in loop (HIL) simulations are carried out on China Light-duty vehicle Test Cycle-Passenger (CLTC_P). Compared with the power-following strategy, the OCMO-EMS reduces the total operating costs by 22.6%. Meanwhile, the total costs difference between DP and OCMO-EMS are within 4%. The HIL results are consistent with offline simulation. Therefore, the strategy proposed in this work can served as a theoretically reference for EMS design of fuel cell passenger vehicles.
Scientific-Consensus Communication About Contested Science: A Preregistered Meta-Analysis
Authors: van Stekelenburg Aart , Schaap Gabi , Veling Harm , van ’t Riet Jonathan , Buijzen Moniek
Published: October 2022

Scientific-consensus communication is among the most promising interventions to minimize the gap between experts’ and the public’s belief in scientific facts. There is, however, discussion about its effectiveness in changing consensus perceptions and beliefs about contested science topics. This preregistered meta-analysis assessed the effects of communicating the existence of scientific consensus on perceived scientific consensus and belief in scientific facts. Combining 43 experiments about climate change, genetically modified food, and vaccination, we found that a single exposure to consensus messaging had a positive effect on perceived scientific consensus ( g = 0.55) and on belief in scientific facts ( g = 0.12). Consensus communication yielded very similar effects for climate change and genetically modified food, whereas the low number of experiments about vaccination prevented conclusions regarding this topic. Although these effects are small, communicating scientific consensus appears to be an effective way to change factual beliefs about contested science topics.
Generalized predictive control of ultra-supercritical power plant by using a composite weighted human learning optimization network
Authors: Cheng Chuanliang , Peng Chen , Wang Ling , Zeng Deliang
Published: October 2022

The ultra-supercritical power plant is an advanced energy conversion system with high coal utilization and low emission. It is a complex system associated with high nonlinearity, strong coupling, and subjected to various uncertainties and interferences. This article introduces a nonlinear generalized predictive control based on a composite weighted human learning optimization network to incorporate both local linear modeling and local control into a multi-layer dynamic structure. Since composite weighted human learning optimization network can be considered as a linear-in-weight network, the limitation of the non-convex is elaborately broken through incorporating composite weighted human learning optimization models into the convex quadratic programming routine of local linear generalized predictive control. Detailed analysis is given to show the validity and advantage of the proposed method in controlling the ultra-supercritical power plant.
Has_circ_0010220 regulates the miR-574-3p/IL-6 axis to increase doxorubicin resistance in osteosarcoma
Authors: Gu Yanglin , Wang Guangchang , Ran Baocai
Published: October 2022

Background

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy. It has an aggressive nature and produces drug resistance in diseased patients, which in turn causes obstacles in treating cancer with chemotherapy. The objective of our investigation was to analyze the function and hsa_circ_0010220 mechanism in doxorubicin (DOX) resistance to OS.

Methods

The hsa_circ_0010220, IL-6, and miR-574-3p levels in OS diseased tissues and cell resistance towards DOX drug were elucidated by qRT-PCR and Elisa assay. The DOX half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) was quantified by Cell Counting Kit-8. For this study, we used RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, and a dual-luciferase reporter experiment to identify the proteins that interacted with has_circ_0010220, IL-6, and miR-574-3p in OS cells that have developed resistance towards DOX.

Results

The results indicated upregulated Hsa_circ_0010220 and IL-6 expression, However, DOX-resistant OS tissues and cells showed a downregulation of miR-574-3p. Reducing DOX resistance in vitro was achieved by silencing Has_circ_0010220. Further, by sponging miR-574-3p, increasing has_circ_0010220 boosted DOX resistance. However, miR-574-3p bound to IL-6 and inhibited DOX resistance. Additionally, it was discovered that hsa_circ_0010220 sponged miR-574-3p for upregulating IL-6 expression.

Conclusions

Hsa_circ_0010220 encouraged OS resistance to DOX by miR-574-3p/IL-6 axis regulation, suggesting its potency as a promising biomarker for treating OS.
An Analysis of India’s Soft Power Policy in Afghanistan
Authors: Ahmad Peerzada Tufail
Published: October 2022

Since 2001, India has pursued a non-military, non-coercive and co-optive (soft power) policy towards Afghanistan. India’s soft power approach of forging economic (aid), humanitarian, capacity building and institutional links vis-à-vis Afghanistan tried to win the hearts and minds of the Afghan government (pre-August 2021) and the ordinary Afghans. The data reveal that India has impacted and generated goodwill by spending billions of dollars on infrastructure. The method used in this study is primarily analytical and explanatory. The research for this study is based on both primary and secondary sources, collected from both archival and online resources. The focus of this article is to comprehensively study and evaluate the usefulness of India’s soft power policy in Afghanistan since 2001.
Role of School Principals’ Technology Leadership Practices in Building a Learning Organization Culture in Public K-12 Schools
Authors: Banoğlu Köksal , Vanderlinde Ruben , Çetin Münevver , Aesaert Koen
Published: October 2022

A principal’s technology leadership (TL) practices can facilitate information and communication technologies (ICT) integration into K-12 schools, alongside a drastic change in teachers' organizational behaviors to accompany this technological and cultural transformation process. However, there is little evidence of which TL practices contribute to such a holistic change in school culture; that is, the learning organization (LO) culture stimulating teachers' individual and collective professional learning orientations in tandem. The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first is to identify distinct profiles of LO culture in schools, based on teachers’ professional learning orientations. The second is to explore how a principal’s TL practices are related to teachers’ endorsement of these LO profiles. Data were drawn from 1105 teachers and 58 principals in 69 K-12 schools in Turkey. Multilevel latent profile analysis was used to uncover latent LO profiles with similar professional learning orientations. The resulting profiles were regressed on principals' TL practices, measured against the International Society for Technology in Education-Administrators (ISTE-A) standards. Teachers' professional learning orientations fell into high, moderate, and low-level LO profiles. The “systemic improvement” ISTE-A standard, including TL practices such as a principal’s data-driven decision making, school benchmarking, and technology-oriented staff employment, proved to be a significant predictor of a high-level LO profile. The school stage and teacher’s age were also found to be associated with that profile. Overall, we conclude that TL practices may have far-reaching implications for teachers’ professional learning orientations and school culture.
Racial Justice and the Emotional Dichotomy: Reading Emotion in Critical Educators’ Narratives on Politics and Policy amid Protest
Authors: Grosland Tanetha , Matias Cheryl E.
Published: October 2022

In this essay, we contend that there continues to be a lack of attentiveness in educational leadership and policy to addressing how critical educators emotionally navigate social and political issues generally, and racism particularly—both of which are emotional issues. As such, using brief examples of reflections from critical educators in urban educational leadership, we conduct a theoretical textual analysis of emotions in a time of heightened emotion, using the 2015 Baltimore Uprising as a case. In our critical-humanities-oriented essay, we focus on documenting narratives as large social concerns. Our theoretical treatment of emotion reveals the ways such treatments can be applied to school leadership for the purposes of praxis on critical practice in times of widespread conflict. These concerns include matters of emotional labor in educational sites (as microspaces permeated by racial turmoil unfolding in macrospaces). We foreground how racial (in)justice in educational leadership and policy is inherently an interplay of emotions that is sometimes dichotomous. Our observations mark a radical shift in how critical researchers and stakeholders conceptualize policy and political matters in schools.
A Narrative Review of the Impact of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Critical Care Therapies
Authors: Patel Jaimini S. , Kooda Kirstin , Igneri Lauren A.
Published: October 2022

Objective:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) utilization is increasing on a global scale, and despite technological advances, minimal standardized approaches to pharmacotherapeutic management exist. This objective was to create a comprehensive review for medication dosing in ECMO based on the most current evidence.

Data Sources:

A literature search of PubMed was performed for all pertinent articles prior to 2022. The following search terms were utilized: ECMO, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, sedation, analgesia, antiepileptic, anticoagulation, antimicrobial, antifungal, nutrition. Retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, case series, case reports, and ex vivo investigations were reviewed.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

PubMed (1975 through July 2022) was the database used in the literature search. Non-English studies were excluded. Search terms included both drug class categories, specific drug names, ECMO, and pharmacokinetics.

Data Synthesis:

Medications with high protein binding (>70%) and high lipophilicity (logP > 2) are associated with circuit sequestration and the potential need for dose adjustment. Volume of distribution changes with ECMO may also impact dosing requirements of common critical care medications. Lighter sedation targets and analgosedation may help reduce sedative and analgesia requirements, whereas higher antiepileptic dosing is recommended. Vancomycin is minimally affected by the ECMO circuit and recommendations for dosing in critically ill adults are reasonable. Anticoagulation remains challenging as optimal aPTT goals have not been established.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

This review describes the anticipated impacts of ECMO circuitry on sedatives, analgesics, anticoagulation, antiepileptics, antimicrobials, antifungals, and nutrition support and provides recommendations for drug therapy management.

Conclusions:

Medication pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters should be considered when determining the potential impact of the ECMO circuit on attainment of therapeutic effect and target serum drug concentrations, and should guide therapy choices and/or dose adjustments when data are not available.
Motivating Weight Loss Among Black Adults in Relationships: Recommendations for Weight Loss Interventions
Authors: Alick Candice L. , Samuel-Hodge Carmen , Ammerman Alice , Ellis Katrina R. , Rini Christine , Tate Deborah F.
Published: October 2022

Background

Black men and women have the highest rates of obesity in the United States. Behavioral weight loss programs incorporating intimate partners may be effective in combating obesity among this population. Yet, current participation in these programs is low. Identifying motivations and triggers to weight loss may provide insight in designing programs to increase participation.

Aim

To determine triggers and motivations for weight loss among Black men and women in committed relationships to inform development of weight loss interventions.

Method

Twenty semi-structured interviews, based on an integrated theoretical framework of interdependence and communal coping and the social cognitive theory, were conducted among Black heterosexual couples where one or both individuals intentionally lost ≥5% of their body weight in the last 6 months in a metropolitan region in a southern state. Interviews were transcribed and coded. Themes were identified following multi-rater coding and direct and conventional content analysis. Recommendations were developed from emergent themes.

Results

Among individuals with recent weight loss, personal relevancy and awareness (health awareness and self-awareness) were identified as personal triggers for weight loss initiation. Health concerns and appearance were general motivations among the total sample.

Conclusion

Emphasizing the impact of weight on daily functioning and quality of life, and increasing awareness of personal weight status and health consequences, may increase weight loss initiation and participation in weight loss programs among Black men and women in committed relationships. Findings also highlight strategies to improve recruitment and retention and guide intervention development and implementation for this population.
Smart Travel Experiences: A Bibliometric Analysis of Knowledge Domains and Research Areas
Authors: AU Wai Ching Wilson , TSANG Nelson K. F.
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to identify the knowledge domains and current research areas of smart travel experience research. A total of 95 articles investigating smart travel experiences published between 2010 and 2021 were derived to conduct a citation analysis, a co-citation analysis, and a bibliographic coupling analysis. Thematic analysis revealed four knowledge domains (experience design, structure equation modeling methodology, role of technology, and destination ecosystem) and five current research areas (conceptualization, technology adoption, destination management, innovation, and co-creation). The constituents of each domain (12 sub-knowledge domains) and research area (16 sub-research areas) are discussed to reveal research gaps and propose future research directions.
Classroom acoustic conditions and primary school children’s behaviour: A scoping review
Authors: Mealings Kiri
Published: October 2022

The aim of this scoping review was to determine what is known from the literature about the effect of different classroom acoustic conditions on different primary school children’s behaviour. A scoping review using the PRISMA-ScR protocol was conducted in March 2022. ERIC, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched using the search term classroom AND (acoustic* OR noise OR reverb*) AND (behav* OR motivat* OR attitude OR persist* OR flexib* OR engage* OR interpersonal). In all, 14 articles were relevant. The populations studied included children who were typically developing, had autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or were deaf or hard of hearing. Several behaviours including learning, externalising and internalising behaviours were investigated. The results suggested that poor classroom acoustic conditions can negatively impact children’s behaviour. However, due to heterogeneity of the methodologies used in this small number of studies, future research is proposed to better understand the relationship.
Cynical technical practice: From AI to APIs
Authors: Hind Sam , Seitz Tatjana
Published: October 2022

In this article, we examine how critical thinking, methods and design are used within the tech industry, using Philip Agre’s notion of critical technical practice (CTP) to consider the rise of ‘cynical’ technical practice. Arguments by tech firms that their AI systems are ethical, contextual, situated or fair, as well as APIs that are privacy-compliant and offer greater user control, are now commonplace. Yet, these justifications routinely disguise the organisational, and economic, reasons for the development of technical systems and features. The article considers how different forms of ‘technical critique’ are used by technical practitioners such as software engineers, applying Agre’s work on CTP, AI planning, grammars of action and empowerment to evaluate, and contextualise these justifications. As Agre understood, technical practitioners are not necessarily ‘a-critical’ or ‘uncritical’ in their approach to the design of technological systems or methods, but ordinarily compare the utility or performance of such according to a golden ethic: ‘does it work?’. Drawing on Agre’s studies of AI in the 1990s, the article considers how and what Agre considered to be the ‘Cartesian soul’ of AI research, on linguistic structuralism, and continues to frame much work within the wider tech industry today. Yet increasingly, as the article shows, ‘narrow’ and cynical forms of technical criticality are being used to legitimise, and publicise, corporate strategies of tech firms, whether through the development of AI systems by automotive start-ups such as Comma, or the management of relations with external developers through APIs, in the case of Facebook. Rather than judging the moral character of technical practitioners, however, the article offers an approach – via the work of Philip Agre – to examine how critical thinking is used, and often abused, within and beyond the tech industry.
Unpacking the negative side-effects of directed motivational currents in L2: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Sak Mehmet , Gurbuz Nurdan
Published: October 2022

Directed motivational currents (DMCs) are portrayed as highly intense and prolonged periods of motivation oriented to a much-desired goal of personal significance. While we have seen a recent growth in studies examining aspects of DMCs, evidence on the negative side-effects of DMCs remains inadequate to date. In response to repeated calls for research into this area, we conducted a qualitative study to scrutinize the negative side-effects of DMCs as experienced by 5 trainee teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Turkey. The database comprised in-depth, semi-structured interviews carried out twice per participant. Interview transcripts were analysed in line with the principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings suggest that the negative side-effects of DMCs manifest themselves as showing signs of a sense of inadequacy, mental distress, and feelings of sorrow. These side-effects caused temporal setbacks in sustaining goal-directed behaviors, and they resulted from varied sources such as excessive dedication towards goal achievement, occasional deviations from behavioral routines, lack of affirmative feedback on progress made, and engagement with ill-conceived subgoals. Overall, the results offer a more detailed picture of the affective properties of DMCs and add depth to the current conception of this motivational phenomenon. The results also shed some light on the potential risks of deliberately inducing DMCs in language learners for pedagogical purposes.
“Complexities of belonging: Compounded foreignness and racial cover among undocumented Central American youth”
Authors: Zimmerman Arely , Perez Joanna , Abrego Leisy J
Published: October 2022

Legally excluded from the state through their status, undocumented Central Americans must also navigate belonging in social movement spaces that do not center their cultural experiences. Drawing on 25 interviews with Guatemalans, Hondurans, and Salvadorans from multiple studies, we explore Central Americans’ agency and identity development in immigrant rights organizations and in daily life. We employ the term, compounded foreignness, to capture the layered practices of exclusion they face for being unauthorized and for not fitting into dominant conceptions of Latinidad. We demonstrate that undocumented Central Americans develop various strategies of belonging. For example, shared experiences of racialized illegality can lead to solidarity amongst undocumented immigrant youth across racial, ethnic, and national lines. When they are being negatively targeted, however, they use racialized illegality as racial cover–that is, a way to divert attention away from their illegality in relation to the state, as well as social and cultural foreignness from Latinidad. This means that some choose to pass as Mexican by adopting Mexican cultural norms and colloquial speech, while others take pride in their cultural difference as Central Americans. In other instances, they seek spaces and people who share their cultural identity. Importantly, while racial cover may work as a strategy for navigating these different forms of marginalization, racial cover can also cover up and make invisible Central American identities and needs. Together, these experiences reveal a level of agency and nuance needed to deepen our understanding of undocumented immigrants, Central Americans, and belonging in the United States.
‘Foodstagramming’ in early 20th-century postcards: a transhistorical perspective
Authors: O’Hagan Lauren Alex
Published: October 2022

Introduced in 1907, the ‘real photo’ postcard destabilized the boundaries between private and public life, enabling people to perform identity in ways that anticipate contemporary social media practices. In this visual essay, the author explores one particular phenomenon – the sharing of food – drawing comparisons with ‘foodstagramming’ in terms of its compositional structure, social objectives and communicative functions. In doing so, she challenges the supposed novelty of modes of self-presentation on social media, embedding them in a broader historical trajectory.