bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the potential functions of lymph node metastasis-associated aberrant methylation differentially expressed genes and their association with the immune infiltration and prognosis in bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Gao Wenzhi , Zhang Jiafeng , Tian Tai , Fu Zhixin , Bai Liangliang , Yang Yifei , Wu Qiangqiang , Wang Wei , Guo Yuexian
Published: April 2023

Background

Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is a malignant tumor of the urinary system. This study aimed to explore the potential role of lymph node metastasis-associated aberrant methylation differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BLCA.

Methods

CHAMP and limma packages were used to identify lymph node metastasis-associated aberrant methylation DEGs. Univariate Cox analysis and Lasso analysis were performed to identify the signature genes, and multivariate Cox analysis was used to construct the risk score. Subsequently, the molecular characteristics of the signature genes and the relationship between risk score and prognosis, clinical characteristics and immune cell infiltration were analyzed. The signature gene AKAP7 was selected for functional verification.

Results

A novel risk score model was constructed based on 12 signature genes. The risk score had a good ability to predict overall survival (OS). The nomogram constructed based on age, N stage and risk score had a higher value in predicting the prognosis of patients. It was also found that stromal activation in TIME may inhibit the antitumor effects of immune cells. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that ECM receptor interaction and focal adhesion were two important pathways involved in the regulation of BLCA. Immunohistochemistry showed that AKAP7 may be associated with the occurrence, clinical stages and grades, and lymph node metastasis of BLCA. In vitro cell experiments showed that the migration and invasion ability of EJ cells was significantly inhibited after AKAP7 overexpression, while the migration and invasion ability of T24 cells was significantly promoted after AKAP7 knockdown.

Conclusion

The risk score model based on lymph node metastasis-associated aberrant methylation DEGs has a good ability to predict OS and is an independent prognostic factor for BLCA. It was also found that stromal activation in TIME may inhibit the antitumor effects of immune cells. This implicates aberrant methylation modifications as an important factor contributing to the heterogeneity and complexity of individual tumor microenvironments. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that ECM receptor interaction and focal adhesion were two important pathways involved in the regulation of BLCA, which contributed to the exploration of the pathological mechanism of BLCA. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed that AKAP7 may be associated with the occurrence, progression and lymph node metastasis of BLCA. In vitro cell experiments showed that AKAP7 could also inhibit the migration and invasion of cancer cells.
CONEXÕES DIGITAIS: AS RELAÇÕES QUE OS JOVENS ESTABELECEM COM AS TECNOLOGIAS EM TRÊS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE ITAPOÁ/SC
Authors: Olkoski Marcela Deunisio , Martins Junior Luiz , Frozza Marcia Vidal Candido
Published: April 2023

Este artigo relata as conexões digitais estabelecidas por jovens que frequentam a Educação Básica em três instituições públicas do município de Itapoá/SC. Nessa abordagem, o objetivo foi investigar e compreender as dimensões e relações dos jovens estudantes com as tecnologias digitais. A pesquisa é de cunho descritivo e exploratório, envolveu sessenta e quatro estudantes de três escolas públicas do município de Itapoá/SC, em 2017. O estudo indica que boa parte da juventude atual está conectada à internet, faz uso dela em diferentes situações e a utiliza para finalidades diversas. Sinaliza também que as escolas pesquisadas, embora tenham aparato tecnológico, ainda não concretizaram o processo de inclusão, alfabetização e letramento digital, o que incide sobre a preparação, formação e as práticas pedagógicas dos professores.
A ALIENAÇÃO E A PRÁXIS HUMANIZADORA DE ACORDO COM A PROPOSTA DE PAULO FREIRE
Authors: Verástegui Rosa Aguilar
Published: April 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a educação proposta por Paulo Freire como uma educação crítica, que implica uma práxis humanizadora. Esta temática justifica-se porque esclarecerá o significado de educação neoliberal e as implicações da “escola sem partido”, realidades atreladas a nossa abordagem. A metodologia é bibliográfica, e os principais referenciais teóricos são os livros de Freire: Pedagogia da autonomia, Pedagogia da esperança e Pedagogia do oprimido. Esperamos ressaltar os aportes de Freire para as conquistas dos direitos humanos, sobretudo a liberdade e a dignidade.
ANÁLISE BIBLIOGRÁFICA ACERCA DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE LINGUAGEM E SUJEITO NO PENSAMENTO DE MIKHAIL BAKHTIN
Authors: Aguiar Francisco Brandão , Chagas Eduardo Ferreira
Published: April 2023

Mikhail Bakhtin é um pensador russo que ficou popularmente conhecido na segunda metade do século XX. Seu enfoque teórico é caracterizado, além de outros aspectos, por uma concepção dialógica da linguagem que por muitas vezes está relacionada à vida prática do sujeito. Neste viés, este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como se dá a relação entre linguagem e sujeito a partir dos conceitos próprios da teoria bakhtiniana. Nossa pesquisa caracteriza-se como bibliográfica, indireta, e qualitativa. Concluímos que: a categoria de sujeito, no pensamento bakhtiniano, está fundamentada em uma concepção materialista histórico-dialética e possui uma articulação direta com os conceitos linguísticos de polifonia, dialogismo, gêneros do discurso e carnavalização.
A RACIONALIDADE NEOLIBERAL E A SUBJETIVAÇÃO DO NEOSSUJEITO NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Betlinski Carlos , Kaloczi Juliana Da Silva Lopes
Published: April 2023

No contexto atual do totalitarismo de mercado as relações econômicas e humanas são mediadas pela racionalidade neoliberal presentes nos diferentes setores da vida social. A educação também vem sendo orientada por fundamentos e práticas que atendem à demanda mercadológica. Neste artigo, analisa-se de que maneira essa racionalidade modifica as formas de ser no mundo e transforma o processo educacional dos neossujeitos. Para tal empreitada tem-se como principal referência teórica a obra “A nova razão do mundo: ensaio sobre a sociedade neoliberal” de Christian Laval e Pierre Dardot. Os objetivos propostos são a caracterização de um novo modelo de sujeito criado a partir do surgimento da corrente político-econômica conhecida como neoliberal e a identificação de comportamentos e atitudes desse neossujeito no interior da instituição educacional que se configura pela lógica empresarial.
Green Synthesis of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Post-harvest Leaves of Vigna subterranean and their Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Potentials
Authors: Ogbuagu Adaora Stella , Innocent Lilian Chinelo , Okoye Nkeoma Nkasi , Umeh Sophina Ogonna , Ogbuagu Josephat Okechukwu
Published: April 2023

Green route synthesis of nanoparticles has been known to be beneficial as one of the non-toxic methods of synthesizing potential drugs. The aqueous extracts of Vigna subterranean (Bambara nut) leaves discarded after harvest were used in the synthesis of silver and zinc nanoparticles using 1mM concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and zinc oxide (Zn O) respectively. The nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV/Vis) Spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD). Antibacterial and antifungal studies were conducted on two strains of bacteria (Salmonella typhi. and Staphylococcus aureus) and two strains of fungi (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) based on their inhibition zone diameter using paper disk diffusion methods. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant studies were also conducted on the nanoparticles using the inhibition of protein denaturation and reduction of DPPH respectively. The λmax absorption of the nanoparticles were found to be 434 and 460 nm respectively in the UV/Vis region. Their shapes and nature were spherical and amorphous as confirmed by the SEM and XRD analysis. The diameters of the nanoparticles ranged from 20 to 60 nm using the Particle metric particle analysis software. The FTIR confirmed the presence of some bioactive functional groups involved in the reduction of AgNO3 and Zn O to Ag and Zn nanoparticles. The nanoparticles showed moderate activities against the tested bacterial strains while showing no activity against the fungi strain when compared with standard drugs. They however showed strong anti- inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The silver and zinc mediated nanoparticles could serve as a potential source for antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Attraction of Umbelliferone in Snail Attractant Pellets (SAP) against the Snail Lymnaea acuminata: An Intermediate Host of Fasciola gigantica
Authors: Agrahari Pooja
Published: April 2023

Snail control method is one of the best ways to management of the fasciolosis. Snail attractant pellets (bait) containing attractant and molluscicide is the good alternative method for control of the Lymnaea acuminata, which is a known intermediate host of Fasciola gigantica. The result of the present study is to find the attraction of molluscicide umbelliferone in snail attractant pellets (SAP) against the Lymnaea acuminata, a vector of snail in different months of the year. Data shows that active molluscicidal component (umbelliferone) showed more attraction at lower concentration. On the contrary, at higher concentration, attraction of snail decreases significantly throughout the year. The attraction of snails declined significantly (P < 0.01) as the concentrations of molluscicide incorporated inside the pellets were increased and water temperature is low (i.e., in winter season). SAP containing 0.5% umbelliferone + starch attract maximum snails (46.0%) and 0.5% umbelliferone + proline, attract maximum snails (42.33%), in the month of June, whereas minimum attraction was observed in the month of January to March when SAP containing 7.0% umbelliferone + starch (6.23-8.1%) and when SAP containing 3.0 % umbelliferone + proline (7.33-9.45%).
Soil Health: Indicators of Soil Management for Vegetable Cultivation under the Clove Plant
Authors: Umasugi Buhari , Teapon Amiruddin , Sudjud Suratman , Hartono Gunawan
Published: April 2023

Low soil health indicates poor productivity soil optimal for supporting agricultural businesses because it will reduce the production of agricultural commodities for vegetable crop farmers in Ternate City which are carried out under plantation crops. This study aims to determine the level of soil health of vegetable farms under clove plantations. Field observation methods and laboratory analysis were carried out to observe the characteristics of the land (soil and plants) which became the research variables. The drill and soil profile approach is used in observing and taking soil samples. Research data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by using a scale (scoring value) and then determined the level of soil health of agricultural land in the study location. Soil variables observed were physical properties (including soil morphology), chemical properties soil, and soil biological properties. The results showed that the level of soil health on vegetable farms under clove stands in Tobololo Village was in the medium (53-58%) and high (63-67%) classes. Soil health indicators which are variables that affect the decline in the value of soil health on vegetable farms under clove stands are C-organic, base saturation, total nitrogen, and available potassium. The provision of organic matter, nitrogen, and potassium fertilizers will increase base saturation as well as soil fertility and health.
Phytochemical Characterization and Systemic Exposure of Bioactive Metabolites of the Aqueous Extracts of Ficus thonningii Blume (Moraceae) on Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Fokunang Estella Tembe , Ara Ngo Biyiha Marilyn Orlane , Pantaleon Ambassa , Legrand Njinkio Nono Borgia , Bathelemy Ngameni , Charles Fokunang
Published: April 2023

Ficus thonningii (Blume) is considered as a herbal plant with well documented biological activity in the management of several diseases in the tropics. However, there is a gap of information on its safety and proof of efficacy in evidence-based medicine. The objective of this study was to characterize the bioactive metabolites of the hydro-ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Ficus. thonningii and in vivo evaluation of the systemic exposure of the bioactive metabolite. Phytochemical screening was done using standard extraction techniques, and test according to methods adopted from Sofowora and collaborators. Quantitative analysis was done using spectrophotometer of plant extract with different reference standards.

Analysis of the animals' plasma following administration of the extract was used to investigate systemic exposure to confirmed the presence of absence of metabolites in systemic circulation.

This work shows that F. thonningii (Blume) stem bark hydro-ethanolic extract contains polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, catechic tannins, gallic tannins, coumarins, quinones, phlobatannins. This study shows that the hydro-ethanolic extract of F. thonningii contains total phenolic content of 192,27 ± 3,40 mgEQ/MS g gallic acid and total flavonoid content of 103,59 ± 15,72 mgEQ/MS quercetin. This study shows that the secondary metabolites in the hydro-ethanolic extract of the stem bark of F. thonningii (Blume) were not detected in plasma and not bioavailable.
Validation of Targeted Yield Equations for Finger Millet under Southern Dry Zone of Karnataka
Authors: Murthy R. Krishna , Bhavya N. , Govinda K. , Kumar S. N. Uday , Basavaraja P. K.
Published: April 2023

General usage of fertilizers resulted in less productive soils and not being able to harvest the complete genetic potential of the crop. Hence, it’s indispensable to follow a more scientific application of fertilizer nutrients i.e, Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) approach to meet the nutrient demand of the crop and to feed the increasing human population without compromising on limited land resources. Therefore, field experiments were carried out at Mandya and Mysore to validate the fertilizer prescription equation for targeted yield of finger millet developed through STCR approach. STCR target 40 q ha-1 through integrated approach had shown comparatively higher amount of grain yield (42.65 and 42.00 q ha-1 at Mandya and Mysore respectively) compared to all other treatments. Similarly, nutrient uptake of the aforesaid treatment had shown comparatively higher (101.97, 6.54, and 55.01 kg ha-1 of N, P, and K respectively at Mandya and 99.41, 7.06, and 58.22 kg ha-1 of N, P, and K respectively at Mysore) than other treatments. The higher economics in terms of value-cost ratio was recorded from STCR treatments compared to soil test laboratory approach and general recommended dose thus proving the superiority of STCR approach over other approaches of fertilizer recommendation.
Social Science Teachers’ Instructional and Assessment Challenges in the New Normal
Authors: Mabborang Francis Dave N. , Rabago Jasper Kim M. , Paguyo Carolyn G. , Najorda Imelda L. , Lasaten Ronald Candy S.
Published: April 2023

The study aimed to explore the instructional and assessment challenges experienced by social science teachers in higher education institutions in the new normal, particularly in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) in the Philippines. The study used the research and development (R&D) methodology and underwent three stages, namely the planning, design, and analysis stages. The researcher utilized one research instrument in the form of a survey checklist as a tool for gathering data for the study. The majority of respondents were young, with one to five years of teaching experience, and the number of years in service was a determinant of having designations. Teachers experienced instructional challenges due to the pandemic, such as the delivery of content and the use of technology. To address these challenges, schools need to improve their learning management system (LMS) and assess performance tasks. Assessment challenges include preparing assessment tasks and identifying assessment criteria. It is in the implementation and authenticity of assessment results that teachers find it difficult to decide on the final grade. Age is negatively correlated with instructional challenges, while age is positively correlated with difficulty in time management and adjusting to the demands of students with special needs. The number of years in service and academic rank are linked to difficulty finding activities that fit the student's level, while academic rank is associated with faster assessment forms. This research shows how important it is to give teachers the right training and opportunities for professional growth, as well as the technical infrastructure and support they need to use technology effectively for instructional delivery and assessment purposes.
'Fairest of them all': the truly viable heritage
Authors: Lowenthal David
Published: April 2023

A short essay on the problems with the way in which the British heritage is seen and used, concentrating on two particular traits, its overwhelming national emphasis and its venerable continuity. Au(adp)
Agricola in the Highlands?
Authors: Breeze David J
Published: April 2023

The lack of place-names in Ptolemy's Geography north and west of the Great Glen suggests that Agricola did not penetrate into these areas. The location of the place-names in the territory of the Vacomagi suggests that he may have marched back from Mons Graupius through the Spey and Tay valleys. Au
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

Front matter for Volume 120

Table of Contents

Office Bearers and Representatives of the Society, 1989-90

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1989-90
Burials at Winton House, Cockenzie and Port Seton, East Lothian
Authors: Dalland Magnar , Lorimer Daphne Home
Published: April 2023

Describes an Iron Age cemetery containing burials of different types. Daphne Home Lorimer describes the human bones in Appendix 1 (179--80 & microfiche 4:A4--B8).
The Atlantic Scottish Iron Age: five levels of chronology
Authors: Armit Ian
Published: April 2023

Five forms of evidence are currently relevant to the archaeology of the Atlantic Scottish Iron Age. These are defined and evaluated to construct a sequence of structural and artefactual development. It is argued that a lack of clarity on the evaluation of dating methods is responsible for much of the confusion in the literature. Alternative chronologies to that constructed here are valid, but must be explicit on their evaluation of the dating evidence and on the weighting and primacy of dating levels. The terminology of the `Atlantic roundhouse' is introduced as a framework which enables conventional structural typologies to be more effectively analysed. Within the extended chronology and using the new terminology as a descriptive device, developments can be traced which offer new perspectives on the settlement sequence and undermine the unilinear models of the Atlantic Scottish Iron Age. Differences in development between the Northern and Western Isles are already becoming apparent. 14C dates for the Atlantic Scottish Iron Age are listed and critically discussed in an appendix.
Sprouston, Roxburghshire: an early Anglian centre of the eastern Tweed Basin
Authors: Smith Ian M
Published: April 2023

Evidence for English settlement in the Tweed Basin from the seventh to ninth centuries is mainly circumstantial, but on the south side of the Tweed, near Sprouston, aerial photography since 1970 has shown a township which can be positively identified as Anglian. The cropmark evidence is transcribed and tentatively subdivided into three broad periods (prehistoric, Romano-British/early historic, Anglian). Each is appraised and the elements identified are qualified by reference to parallels drawn from a limited radius in North Britain. The likely origins and status of the township are discussed; it may have functioned as an urbs regis or royal centre, one of the first to have been founded in the Tweed Basin during the westward English expansion in the late-sixth or early-seventh century.
Conventual seal of the Dominican Friary at Edinburgh
Authors: Smith D M
Published: April 2023

Description of bronze seal matrix, of the Dominican Friary at Edinburgh, found near Thirsk, Yorkshire.
Meetings of the Society, 1990-91
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

Details of Society meetings held in 1990 – 1991.
Bronze Age burials at Gairneybank, Kinross-shire
Authors: Cowie Trevor , Ritchie Graham , Lunt Dorothy A , Young A
Published: April 2023

Rescue excavation in 1970 recorded three cist burials, one associated with a bowl and a flat riveted knife-dagger and another with an accompanying Food Vessel. Two other finds, a Beaker and a Food Vessel, have been rescued from the same area and clearly represent further burial deposits in a small cemetery of early second millennium bc date.A list of radiocarbon dates associated with Food Vessel burials from east-central Scotland by Alison Sheridan & Trevor Cowie is in an appendix (107--8). The skeletal remains are described by D A Lunt & A Young on microfiche (1:B1--B8).
A survey of the Neolithic pottery of eastern and central Scotland
Authors: Cowie Trevor
Published: April 2023

Pottery from at least sixteen sites in eastern and central Scotland can be attributed more or less certainly to the Earlier Neolithic. Although the quality of much of the evidence precludes detailed classification, at least some of the groups, characterised by the presence of carinated bowls, may be presumed to date from an early stage of the Neolithic. Other types, including a range of heavy unshouldered bowls, were certainly current by the mid-- to late fourth millennium BC, in terms of calibrated radiocarbon dates, while the evidence from other regions suggests that some decorated pottery may have made a similarly early appearance. The Later Neolithic pottery from the region is discussed briefly, mainly to highlight some of the problems which may be resolved by future discoveries. Major domestic assemblages of Earlier Neolithic pottery are yet unknown; some material derives from intact contexts involving structured deposition, but much is from residual and unrepresentative scatters.
Tulloch Wood, Forres, Moray: the survey and dating of a fragment of prehistoric landscape
Authors: Carter Stephen
Published: April 2023

A 27ha area of prehistoric settlement and field systems was surveyed at Tulloch Wood in 1990. Sample excavation was carried out in 1991 and fifteen radiocarbon dates were obtained from beneath a range of monument types. Negative features overlain by later banks and cairns were found to be Mesolithic in date, but may not have been man--made. The earliest dated surface feature is a clearance cairn which is no older than c 2000 bc A coaxial bank system, established at about 1350--1100 bc, may be contemporary with at least one of the hut circles. Three other hut circles, and modifications to the bank system, appear to be Iron Age in date, c 450 bc to ad 250.
A wooden bowl from Loch a 'Ghlinne Bhig, Bracadale, Skye
Authors: Crone B A , Barber John , Earwood Caroline , Miket Roger , Roberts D
Published: April 2023

This wooden bowl is described and compared with the bowl from Talisker, Skye (84/222). Both are similar in design and technology and radiocarbon dates place their manufacture sometime in the first to second centuries AD. Comparisons are also made with other wooden vessels from Scotland and Ireland.
Signalling and the design of the Gask Ridge system
Authors: Woolliscroft David J
Published: April 2023

This paper attempts to describe the signalling arrangements along the Gask Ridge in Strath Earn, and the influence these may have had on the general layout of the system of Roman installations, in an effort to understand the purpose and layout of the Roman line. It also reports on the re--excavation of a possible Roman fortlet close by the Gask Ridge tower of Midgate, Findo Gask, Perthshire. This juxtaposition suggests that the Gask Ridge fortlets may not be exactly contemporary with the towers. Although there is insufficient evidence to prove that the fortlets belong to another Flavian period, or to a different period altogether, the former may still appear more likely.
Lead seal matrices of the 16th and early 17th century
Authors: Caldwell David H
Published: April 2023

In the sixteenth and early-seventeenth century many Scots used lead seal matrices with simple heraldic designs. This note describes seven which have survived, and presents analytical information which suggests that their makers often mixed tin with the lead to make it harder.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Membership, Meetings, Research and publications. The Treasurer also presented the report on the Society’s finances. The Council for the following session was then elected, as were new applicants for Fellowship. A list of Fellows who died during 1992-1993 was presented.At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Membership, Meetings, Research and publications. The Treasurer also presented the report on the Society’s finances. The Council for the following session was then elected, as were new applicants for Fellowship. A list of Fellows who died during 1992-1993 was presented.

Instructions for Contributors are appended.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

Front matter for Volume 123

Table of Contents

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Council, 1992-3

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1992-3
The bells of Perthshire: St John's Kirk, Perth
Authors: Clouston Ronald W M
Published: April 2023

Catalogues the sixty-three bells, including eight pre-Reformation bells and one from 1340. There is a brief historical account.
Excavations on Dundee Law, 1993
Authors: Driscoll Stephen T , Leslie Alan , Boardman Sheila , Moore Hazel
Published: April 2023

Reports on Iron Age and post-medieval fortifications on the highest point in Dundee. There are notes on `The samian' by Alan F Leslie (1100--2) and `The environmental studies' by Sheila Boardman & Hazel Moore (1102).
The Piper to the Laird of Grant
Authors: Cheape Hugh
Published: April 2023

Considers an early eighteenth-century portrait as a document of social and cultural history. Two appendices provide documentary evidence (1171--2).
Some possible dating evidence for a souterrain near Alyth, Perthshire
Authors: Small Alan , Bateson J D
Published: April 2023

Roman coins as dating evidence for Drumderrach souterrain.
A hoard of Hiberno-Viking arm-rings, probably from Scotland
Authors: Graham-Campbell James , Sheehan John
Published: April 2023

A hoard of five silver arm-rings, probably from Scotland, is reconstructed on the basis of three extant rings in the British Museum and five base-metal copies in the National Museum of Ireland.
The excavation of a cemetery and putative chapel site at Newhall Point, Balblair, Ross & Cromarty, 1985
Authors: Reed David
Published: April 2023

Reports rescue excavation on a roughly circular, ditch-enclosed, cemetery site which uncovered a complex cluster of east/west and north/south facing burials. There were crudely worked sandstone `head-sets' in some graves but no artefacts.
Towards an architectural history of Kilwinning Abbey
Authors: McAleer J Philip
Published: April 2023

An attempt to chronicle the Tironensian Abbey's construction -- particularly that of the church. `Appendix 1: the area between the south gable and the chapter-house' (864--6), and `Appendix 2: the south-west stair turret of the transept' (866--8) conclude proceedings.
Eric Birley
Authors: Breeze David J
Published: April 2023

Eric Birley was born at Eccles in Lancashire on 12 January 1906 and was educated at Clifton College and at Brasenose College, Oxford.
Excavations at St Andrews, Castlecliffe, 1988-90
Authors: Lewis John H , Boardman Sheila , Caldwell David , Carter Stephen , Haggarty George , Hamilton-Dyer Sheila , Higgitt John , Holmes Nicholas N McQ , McCormick Finbar , Mills Coralie , Smith Helen , Will Robert
Published: April 2023

Excavation to the immediate west of the castle revealed considerable evidence of occupation (probably not continuous) dating from c. 1200 to at least the mid-sixteenth century. Most of the structures uncovered were associated with the medieval burgh not the castle. The first timber buildings gave way to a fourteenth-century tannery, probably when the castle was in ruins and unoccupied. The tannery gave way to two phases of residential buildings, either of masonry or set in stone foundations. The latest of these structures were set against a new boundary wall, all probably dating to the mid-sixteenth century when the adjacent road, the Scores, was realigned. From an earlier period, Beaker sherds indicate prehistoric settlement, although no associated features could be identified. There are specialist reports on: `Coins' by Nicholas M McQ Holmes (635); `Small finds' by D Caldwell (635--45); `The inscribed stone' by John Higgitt (646--7); `Prehistoric pottery' by Helen Smith (647--8); `Medieval pottery' by George Haggerty & Robert Will (648--69); `Mammal bones' by Finbar McCormick (669--71); `Bird and fish bones' by Sheila Hamilton-Dyer (671--2); `The micromorphology of a buried soil' by Stephen Carter (672--4); `Palaeobotanical analysis of samples from period 3 pits A, B & C' by Coralie Mills (675).
Backland activities in medieval Perth: excavations at Meal Vennel and Scott Street
Authors: Cox Adrian , Blanchard Linda , Burrows Jonathan , Sermon Richard , Cheer Peter , Smith Catherine , Clark Peter
Published: April 2023

Two excavations within the medieval burgh provided the opportunity to investigate an early industrial zone on the western side of Meal Vennel and a relatively rich undeveloped area in the backlands of Scott Street. The artefact rich Meal Vennel excavation revealed evidence of a possible early western boundary of the town, timber and stone buildings and industrial activities including grain drying and iron smithing. Backland activities including sand quarrying, the digging of rubbish pits and dumping of midden, were investigated at Scott Street. A number of questions relating to the medieval development of Perth were addressed. `Excavations at Meal Vennel' by Richard Sermon & Adrian Cox (736--51), including: `The pottery' by Peter Cheer (753--9); a gold and sapphire ring and the copper alloy objects including dress fasteners/fittings and keys, a mount and fittings, needles, padlock components, pendants, pins, rivets, seal matrix, sheets and strips, thimbles and tweezers; lead alloy objects; iron objects including arrowheads, buckles, horse equipment, household ironwork, and knives are detailed along with a `Metallurgy of the knives' by Paul Harrison (776--7), locks and keys, structural ironwork, and tools; stone objects; bone and antler objects including perforated bones and horn cores, horn-working evidence, pins, antler offcuts; the glass including a bead, linen smoother(?) and window glass; `Coins and a jetton' by Nicholas Holmes (789--90); `The flint' by Jill Harden (790 & 791); ceramic roof tiles; industrial residues; `The leather' by Clare Thomas (792); `The animal bone' by Catherine Smith (792--4); and `Botanical remains' by Alan Fairweather (795). `Excavations at Scott Street' by Jonathan Burrows (795--801) is followed by the specialist reports from that site including: `The pottery' by Peter Cheer (801--4); copper alloy objects; lead alloy objects; iron objects; stone objects; the wooden cask; `Textiles' by Thea Gabra-Sanders (810--11); ceramic floor tiles; glass; clay pipes; `Coins' by Nicholas Holmes (812); `Mammal and bird bone' by Catherine Smith (812--13); `Botanical remains' by Alan Fairweather (813--14).
The dating of the tower-houses at Comlongon and Elphinstone
Authors: Maxwell-Irving Alastair
Published: April 2023

A re-evaluation of the construction dates for these two houses putting them at the turn of the sixteenth-century. Longstanding misconceptions are thought to have led to errors in the dating of similar structures.
Blackfriars of Stirling
Authors: Page Ronald , Page Catherine
Published: April 2023

Predominantly historical paper including details of the precise location and extent of Blackfriars' lands and excavation revealing the position and size of the church of the Blackfriars.
The excavation and restoration of the Camster Long chambered cairn, Caithness, Highland, 1967-80
Authors: Masters Lionel , Henshall Audrey , Wickham-Jones Caroline , Unwin Christina
Published: April 2023

Pre-cairn activity was identified and light was cast on the structural sequence of the cairn. The validity of the current reconstruction is discussed. There are notes on `The pottery' by Audrey S Henshall (155--60) and `The flaked stone' by Caroline Wickham-Jones (160--71).
Biggar Common, 1987-93: an early prehistoric funerary and domestic landscape in Clydesdale, South Lanarkshire
Authors: Johnston Daniel A , Boardman S , Carter S , Crone A , Finlayson B , Pelling R , Ritchie R , Sheridan A , Tipping R , Ward T , O'Neil M , Unwin C , Stevenson S
Published: April 2023

A fieldwalking exercise by Lanark and District Archaeological Society (LADAS) on moorland recently ploughed for forestry revealed the presence of an extensive Early Neo, Late Neo and EBA artefact scatter, a long mound and five round cairns. Excavation of two of the round cairns revealed them to be simple, single-phase monuments of Beaker date, sealing possibly cultivated soils. The long mound was a complex, multi-phase monument of Early Neo date which contained two secondary burials of a later date; one contained Late Neo artefacts (a Seamer axe and a large leaf-shaped knife), and the other contained three Beakers and a polished stone axehead. The mound overlay three phases of earlier activity: a stake-built structure which produced two Late Meso radiocarbon dates; a possibly cultivated soil deposit; and a series of bonfires (containing Early Neo pottery) which produced two Early Neo radiocarbon dates. This phase may be contemporary with stone structures whose relative stratigraphic position could not be ascertained. Excavation in the artefact scatters revealed evidence for widespread Neo domestic activity. There are specialist reports on: `The artefact scatters and areas of sample excavation' by Daniel A Johnston & Tam Ward (198--202); `Pottery' by A Sheridan (202--23); `Chipped stone; hammerstone and axeheads' by Bill Finlayson (223--34); and `Stone axehead from cairn 2' by Roy Ritchie (234). The Palaeoenvironmental remains section includes: `The charred plant remains from cairns 2 & 3' by Sheila Boardman (234); `Charcoal from the pre-mound deposits under cairn 2' by Anne Crone (234--5); `Palynology of old ground surfaces beneath cairns 1 & 3' by Richard Tipping (235--6); `Micromorphology of the soils buried by cairns 1 & 3' (236--7) and `Soil chemistry from the Historic Scotland sites' (237) both by Stephen Carter; `Charcoal identifications from sample areas 2 & 5' by Sheila Boardman (237--8); and `Carbonized plant remains from sample areas 2 & 5' by Ruth Pelling (238--9). `Dating evidence' is discussed by Daniel A Johnston & Tam Ward (240--3).
Excavation of Neolithic enclosures at Cowie Road, Bannockburn, Stirling, 1984-85
Authors: Rideout James S , Clarke A , Cowie T , Cressey M , Hall D , Holden T , Jordan D , Tavener P N
Published: April 2023

Excavations undertaken in 1984 and 1985 on cropmark sites identified as pit and post alignments revealed a bow-ended pit-defined enclosure dated to late-fifth to mid-fourth millennium BC, a post-defined enclosure dated to the mid-fourth to early-third millennium BC, and possible domestic activity. The pits of the enclosure showed up to three phases of use with deposits containing Carinated Bowl-type pottery in the later phases. Medieval or post medieval `rig & furrow' overlay the site and a small assemblage of medieval pottery is also described. There are notes on: `Geology, geomorphology, and soils' by David Jordan (29--31); `Archaeological background' by J S Rideout (31--2); `The palaeochannel' by David Jordan (43--4); `Neolithic pottery' by Trevor Cowie (44--7); `Stone artefacts' by Ann Clarke (48--51); `Radiocarbon dated charcoals' by Michael Cressey (51); the results of radiocarbon dating; `Macroplant assessment' by Tim Holden (53--4); and `Appendix 1' (60--5) presenting tabulated information of phases in pits, and `Appendix 2: medieval and later features' (65--6) including `Medieval pottery' by D Hall (65--6) and cartographic sources.
Excavation of a Neolithic settlement and ritual complex at Beckton Farm, Lockerbie, Dumfries & Galloway
Authors: Pollard Tony , Banks I , Boardman S , Carter S , Jones A , McKinley J I
Published: April 2023

Reports a site consisting of the remains of several structures, possibly small houses, and various pits and post-holes. Finds included a small assemblage of Grooved Ware which had been deposited in pits. This material, and the presence of cremated human bone in one of the Grooved Ware pits probably represents ritual activity on the site. A series of six radiocarbon dates was obtained, suggesting a sequence of activity stretching from the mid-fourth to the mid-third millennium BC. There are specialist reports on: `Ceramics' by Andrew Jones (89--96); `Flaked stone objects' (96--100) and `Coarse stone tools' (100--1), both by Tony Pollard; cup marked stones; `Burnt bone' by Jacqueline I McKinley (103); `Micromorphological analysis' by Stephen Carter (103--5); `Phosphate and magnetic susceptibility surveys' by Iain Banks (105--7); and finally, `Plant remains' by Sheila Boardman (107--9).
Anne S Robertson
Authors: Keppie Lawrence
Published: April 2023

Professor Anne Robertson who died on 4 October 1997 at the age of 87 was an archaeologist and numismatist of international repute.
Meetings of the Society 1997-8
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

Details of Society meetings held in 1997 – 1998.
The excavation of a cordoned urn at Benderloch, Argyll
Authors: MacGregor Gavin , Donnelly M , Duncan J S , Jones A , Ramsay S , Roberts J
Published: April 2023

Notes the discovery of a receptacle containing a cremation deposit in the garden of a private house and subsequent investigation at the find spot. The encrustation on the inside of the urn produced a radiocarbon date of 1626--1408 cal BC and it is suggested that the container may have been used for domestic purposes prior to burial. Post excavation analyses include: `Cordoned urn' (146--8) and `Chemical analysis' (151--3) by Andy Jones;`Cremated human remains' by Julie Roberts (148--9); `DNA analysis' by Gavin MacGregor (150); `Magnetic susceptibility' by John Syme Duncan (150--1); `Pollen and macroscopic plant remains' by Susan Ramsay (153--5); and `Quartz' by Mike Donnelly (155--6).
Re-excavation of an Iron Age wheelhouse and earlier structure at Eilean Maleit, North Uist
Authors: Armit Ian , Braby A , Strachan R
Published: April 2023

Examines accounts of work carried out in 1911 and discusses investigations of 1995 which suggest that the primary structure was an Atlantic roundhouse. The author collaborates with Richard Strachan on `The islet' (261--62) and Alan Braby on `Excavation' (262--8).
Recreating a possible Flavian map of Roman Britain, with a detailed map for Scotland
Authors: Strang Alastair
Published: April 2023

Gathers together data from Ptolemy's Geographia and other historical and archaeological information in drawing up a military map of the period. Tables 3--6 appear in the appendices as: `Table 3: Identification of places (in Geographia order) for Ptolemy's Britain and Ireland' (436); `Table 4: Additional, significant, named pre-Flavian sites/locations in England & Wales' (437--8); `Table 5: Roman named sites in Britain excluded from Flavian map' (438); and `Table 6: Un-named, probable Flavian sites in Roman Scotland' (439).
The Early Christian and later medieval ecclesiastical site at St Blane's Kingarth, Bute
Authors: Laing Lloyd , Laing Jennifer , Longley David , Macdonald A D S
Published: April 2023

Discusses the 1896 and 1997 archaeological investigations of the monastery and associated structures and reviews the literature and documentation related to the foundation dating back to the sixth century. Comparisons are drawn with Whithorn, Galloway, in terms of the layout of the monastic complex . A D S Macdonald writes on `Early Kingarth' (553--5).
Meldon Bridge: a centre of the third millennium BC in Peeblesshire
Authors: Speak Stephen , Burgess Colin , Ballin T B , Brown D S , Coleman-Smith R , Greene K T , Griffiths J A , Johnson M , Hodgson N R , Luke D A , MacSween A , Price J , Roberts J E , Savage M , Weyman J
Published: April 2023

Rescue excavations on an extensive cropmark site at the confluence of the Lyne Water and Meldon Burn in the 1970s revealed several episodes of activity. A limited Mesolithic presence is indicated by the stone finds, but more intensive use is attested from the early/mid fourth millennium BC. Widely scattered groups of pits contained Impressed Ware of the local style. Radiocarbon dates chart this activity down to the early/mid third millennium BC, when a massive timber wall, 600 m long and up to 4 m in height, was constructed to shut off the 8 ha promontory between the Lyne Water and Meldon Burn. A timber avenue led into the enclosure on the north-west; standing posts and stones and settings of posts and stakes were erected; and cremation burials took place in the interior. No cultural material can certainly be associated with this phase and it probably lasted a century or less. A large stockade within the main enclosure could not be dated with certainty. A disturbed cist burial, yielding a jet pendant, 'slug' knife and possible Food Vessel sherds, may have been interred as one ofthe final acts in this phase. Renewed activity came in the mid/late second millennium BC, when the site was used for an extensive cremation cemetery. This involved erecting rows of posts, some standing in pits containing cremations. There was also a burial in a rough cist, and two cremations deposited in Cordoned Urns. There is no evidence for further activity until the Roman period when the road from Newstead to Castledykes was driven through the site, disturbing some of the prehistoric features. There were Roman forts just to the west at Easter Happrew and Lyne, and large temporary camps at Meldon Bridge itself. One of these partly overlay the prehistoric site, and appeared to have been constructed after the road. Long afterwards an 18th-century turnpike road was laid down on top of the old Roman road. At least some of the gravel pits found on both sides of the road were dug in this phase.
Excavation of a cist burial on Doons Law, Leetside Farm, Whitsome, Berwickshire
Authors: Clarke Ciara M , Hamilton Jamie E , Bruce M , Finlayson B , Hunter F , Sheridan A
Published: April 2023

A cist burial containing the fragmentary remains of a (probably) female skeleton, a decorated Northern British/Northern Rhine Beaker, a group of flints, a fragmentary copper awl and some fragments of burnt bone and charcoal, was unearthed by ploughing in 1995. A sample of skeletal bone yielded a radiocarbon date of 2135-1935 cal BC at one sigma. Analysis of the pollen and spore content in an area of stained cist-floor sediment surrounding the skeleton suggested that flowers of Brassicaceae and Filipendula were deliberately deposited in the cist at the time of the inhumation. A series of trial trenches was excavated around the burial to investigate whether any additional archaeological evidence was detectable, but none was found.
An Atlantic roundhouse at Durcha, Sutherland
Authors: Dunwell Andrew , Alexander D , Hunter F , Murray N
Published: April 2023

Recent excavations have confirmed the presence of an Atlantic roundhouse within a large mound at Durcha. The presence of a stone fortress at Durcha had been recorded in the eighteenth century, but following stone robbing in the nineteenth century no clear traces of the structure survived to allow confirmation of its identity. The difficulties of the identification and classification of such structures in Sutherland where little excavation has been carried out are highlighted. There are notes on
Further engraved gemstones from Newstead (Trimontium), Roxburghshire
Authors: Elliot J Walter , Henig Martin
Published: April 2023

This short note brings up-to-date the list of Roman gemstones found by fieldwalkers on the site. A previous paper by the authors listed all the intaglios which were then known from the site, together with a distribution map of their findspots (see 84/526).
Lecture summaries 1998-9
Authors: Dennison Pat , Mallory Jim , Robbins Keith
Published: April 2023

Three lecture summaries:Scotland's historic towns: a future for their pastThe ancient capital of Ulster: excavations in the NavancomplexBritish – decline and fall?
The cairn at East Finnercy, Dunecht, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Leivers Matt , Roberts Julia , Peterson Rick , Mulville J
Published: April 2023

Reports two excavations at a round mound, conducted in 1925 and 1952, which revealed quantities of Early Neolithic artefacts and features. Include two specialist reports on:
An Early Bronze Age short-cist burial at Abbey Mains Farm, Haddington, East Lothian
Authors: Lawson John A , Henderson David , Sheridan Alison
Published: April 2023

Radiocarbon date of 2570--2300 cal BC from bone, no trace of covering mound.
Excavation of two ditches and a medieval grain-drying kiln, Inverness, Highland
Authors: Ellis Clare , Crone A , Haggarty G , Smith D , Vandorpe P
Published: April 2023

Includes notes on:
The late 13th-century chapter seals of Dunkeld and Oslo Cathedrals
Authors: Glenn Virginia
Published: April 2023

The seals of Dunkeld and Oslo Cathedrals are compared. The origins of the representations of reliquary shrines upon them are considered. The source of these images, and of the seals themselves, in France and the Low Countries is discussed in the context of cultural and political contacts between Scotland, Norway and France.
Highland rural settlement studies
Authors: Dalglish Chris
Published: April 2023

Reviews theoretical underpinnings of historical period rural settlement studies of the area.
The linen weavers of Drumsheugh and the linen damask tablecloth woven to commemorate the visit of George IV to Scotland in 1822
Authors: Habib Vanessa , Clark Helen
Published: April 2023

Edinburgh damask weavers, last appointed damask weaver in Scotland to George IV.
Prelims
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

Front matter for Volume 132

Table of Contents

Editorial Board for the Proceedings, 2001-2

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Council for 2001-2

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2001-2

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Editorial
Roman and medieval coins found in Scotland, 1996-2000
Authors: Bateson J D , Holmes N M McQ
Published: April 2023

This survey covers some 350 sites which have yielded Roman or later coin finds in the five years since the beginning of 1996.
Three long cist burials at Easter Broomhouse, near Dunbar, East Lothian
Authors: Cressey Michael , Strachan Richard , Hamilton Jamie , Sinfield Laura
Published: April 2023

Three long cist burials were discovered during road widening along the A1 near Dunbar. As a result of plough damage only one, poorly-preserved skeleton survived, identified as either a female adult or a young, slightly-built male. An unusually early radiocarbon date (1850 ± 45 BP) derived from the remains of this individual, must be viewed with caution due to poor collagen survival. The work was commissioned by Historic Scotland on behalf of the National Roads Directorate of the then Scottish Office Development Department.