bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring arousal and valence generated by the dynamic experience of architectural forms in virtual environments
Authors: Presti Paolo , Ruzzon Davide , Avanzini Pietro , Caruana Fausto , Rizzolatti Giacomo , Vecchiato Giovanni
Published: August 2022

The built environment represents the stage surrounding our everyday life activities. To investigate how architectural design impacts individuals' affective states, we measured subjective judgments of perceived valence (pleasant and unpleasant) and arousal after the dynamic experience of a progressive change of macro visuospatial dimensions of virtual spaces. To this aim, we developed a parametric model that allowed us to create 54 virtual architectural designs characterized by a progressive change of sidewalls distance, ceiling and windows height, and color of the environment. Decreasing sidewalls distance, ceiling height variation, and increasing windows height significantly affected the participants' emotional state within virtual environments. Indeed, such architectural designs generated high arousing and unpleasant states according to subjective judgment. Overall, we observed that valence and arousal scores are affected by all the dynamic form factors which modulated the spaciousness of the surrounding. Showing that the dynamic experience of virtual environments enables the possibility of measuring the emotional impact of macro spatial architectural features, the present findings may lay the groundwork for future experiments investigating the effects that the architectural design has on individuals' mental state as a fundamental factor for the creation of future spaces.
Effect of fermentation of chosen vegetables on the nutrient, mineral, and biocomponent profile in human and animal nutrition
Authors: Kiczorowski Piotr , Kiczorowska Bożena , Samolińska Wioletta , Szmigielski Marek , Winiarska-Mieczan Anna
Published: August 2022

In the present study, the dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, ether extract, and energy, macro- (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P), micro- (Zn, Cu, Fe) minerals, heavy metals (Pb, Cd), vitamin C, A, carotene, and phenolic content were determined in chosen raw and fermented vegetables. The dietary intake of several macro- and microconstituents per one serving (100 g or humans and animals: ducks and pigs) was calculated. The fermentation process was found to reduce water and increase fat content in the vegetables. Lower levels of vitamin C and phenols were also found in the fermented vegetables. The vitamin A and carotene content in the fermented carrots and peppers were increased in comparison with the raw vegetables. The fermentation process decreased the concentration of some basic nutrients, mineral content, vitamins C and A, and phenols. Broccoli, peppers, and red beet had the highest levels of the analyzed nutrients and bioconstituents. The fermentation process is regarded by nutritionists as beneficial to human health. The addition of fermented plants is recommended in animal nutrition as well. This process modifies the chemical composition of preserved vegetables, e.g. it reduces the concentration of dietary fiber, and brings favorable effects in poultry and pig nutrition.
Ion-pairing assemblies of heteroporphyrin-based π-electronic cation with various counteranions
Authors: Fujita Masaki , Haketa Yohei , Tanaka Hiroki , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: August 2022

Various counteranions of the thiaporphyrin–NiIIcomplex as a p-electronic cation were exchanged for preparing stable ion pairs. The ion-pairing assembling modes, and properties depended on the geometries and electronic states of the counteranions.
Understanding and tackling the activity and selectivity issues for methane to methanol using single atom alloys
Authors: Bunting Rhys J. , Rice Peter S. , Yao Zihao , Thompson Jillian , Hu P.
Published: August 2022

The process for the direct oxidation of methane to methanol is investigated on single atom alloys using density functional theory.
Removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from contaminated groundwater by granular activated carbon and anion exchange resins: a pilot-scale comparative assessment
Authors: Liu Charlie J. , Murray Conner C. , Marshall R. Eric , Strathmann Timothy J. , Bellona Christopher
Published: August 2022

Granular activated carbon (GAC) and anion exchange resins (AERs) were evaluated for PFAS removal and compared based on treatment performance and cost.
Physicochemical properties and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Isaria cicadae Miquel with different extraction processes: effects on gut microbiota and immune response in mice
Authors: Wang Wan , Xu Cong , Liu Zhijing , Gu Liya , Ma Jiage , Hou Juncai , Jiang Zhanmei
Published: August 2022

The effect of different extraction processes on the physicochemical characterization, digestibility, antioxidant activity and prebiotic activity of Isaria cicadae Miquel fruiting body polysaccharides (ICM) was studied.
Automated device for multi-stage paper-based assays enabled by an electroosmotic pumping valve
Authors: Rofman Baruch , Naddaf Rawi , Bar-Dolev Maya , Gefen Tal , Ben-Assa Nadav , Geva-Zatorsky Naama , Bercovici Moran
Published: August 2022

Valving mechanism based on electroosmotic-flow bursting of a hydrophobic barrier to enable the performance of multi-step assays on paper-based devices.
One-pot synthesis of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-encapsulated color-emitting silicon quantum dots for sensitive and selective detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
Authors: Sullam Ebtihaj Mohammed , Adam Khalid Mohammed , Nsanzamahoro Stanislas , Cai Muzi , Gao Zixi , Liu Juanjuan , Chen Hongli , Xiao Jianxi
Published: August 2022

Water-soluble PVP-Si QDs emitting bright cyan-blue color have been easily fabricated with PVP and DAMO via the one-step hydrothermal method for TNP detection. The PVP-Si QDs show a selective fluorescence quenching toward TNP based on the combination of IFE and SQE.
The role of urea in regulating the structural properties of Zr–Sn-based oxide catalysts for direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and methanol
Authors: Yang Hongyong , Sun Huapeng , Zeng Wei , Dai Fangfang , Duan Yan , Shi Midong , Hua Zhiqiang , Yang Xiaohui , Zhang Bo
Published: August 2022

Zr–Sn–O catalysts were prepared with urea as precipitant. It was found that the usage of urea had a crucial effect on the structure properties and the catalytic activity of direct synthesis of DMC from CO2 and methanol.
Pharmacokinetic profile of sarcin and thionin from Aspergillus giganteus and in vitro validation against human fungal pathogen
Authors: Ravindhiran Ramya , Krishnamurthy Ramya , Sivarajan Karthiga , Sekar Jothi Nayaki , Chidambaram Kumarappan , Alqahtani Ali M , Dhandapani Kavitha
Published: August 2022

Fungal infections are more predominant in agricultural and clinical fields. Aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus leads to respiratory failure in patients along with various illnesses. Due to the limitation of antifungal therapy and antifungal drugs, there is an emergence to develop efficient antifungal compounds (AFCs) from natural sources to cure and prevent fungal infections. The present study deals with the investigation of the mechanism of the active compounds from Aspergillus giganteus against aspergillosis. Primarily, the bioavailability and toxicological properties of antifungal proteins such as, sarcin, thionin, chitinase and their derivatives have proved the efficiency of pharmacokinetic properties of selected compounds. Molecular interactions of selected compounds from A. giganteus with the virulence proteins of A. fumigatus (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, N-myristoyl transferase and Chitinase) have exhibited a good glide score and druggable nature of the AFCs. The antagonistic potential of AFCs on the pathogen was confirmed by SEM analysis where the shrunken and damaged spores of AFCs treated pathogen were observed. The integrity of A. fumigatus cell membrane and nuclear membrane treated with AFCs were analyzed by determining the release of cellular materials. The effective concentration of AFCs was found to be 250 µg/ml (P<0.0001). The GC-MS profiling has revealed the volatile bioactive metabolites present in A. giganteus. Further, interaction studies might provide more information on the synergism activity with the non-volatile metabolites which leads to the development of novel drugs for the treatment of aspergillosis.
“I Truly Feel Like I Have Been Hustling on My Own”: Minority Graduate Students' Experiences in Communication Sciences and Disorders Programs
Authors: Suswaram Suma , Perelmutter Bogi , Keuwo Romaric , Gillispie Matthew W.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The field of communication sciences and disorders (CSD) is among the least diverse health and education professions in the United States (Luther, 2017). Recruitment efforts have increased the presence of racial and/or ethnic minority students in CSD over the past decade, yet there has been no comparable increase in the membership of professional organizations, indicating a lack of retention. To understand academic-professional retention, we need to know more about the academic experiences of current students.

Method:

We performed semistructured qualitative interviews with 10 ethnic and/or racial minority clinical and PhD graduate students in CSD programs, focusing on the barriers and challenges they have faced, and the strategies they have developed to navigate their academic environments. Interviews were analyzed using consensual qualitative research procedures.

Results:

Almost all participants reported experiences of isolation, positive interactions outside the department, and learning to use self-help strategies. Typical themes also included negative interactions within the department (both in an academic and clinical context), and positive interactions primarily with minority peers. The strategies students reported were more varied than their experiences, and included socially focused strategies—for example, reaching out to minority faculty in other departments—as well as individually focused strategies—for example, keeping in mind the temporary nature of a difficult situation.

Conclusion:

Based on the results, we discuss new approaches and strategies that might help in improving the retention of minority students in CSD programs.
Influences of configuration and coating on the vibration characteristics of spindles
Authors: Yu Hechun , Zhang Bo , Wang Jin , Cheng Hepeng , Zhang Guoqing , Wang Wenbo , Wang Renzong
Published: August 2022

Strong vibration is the main factor leading to the spinning spindle failure, which is closely related to the spindle end configuration and surface coating. In this study, the effects of the spindle end configuration and surface coating on the vibration characteristics of spinning spindles are studied, the vibration tests were conducted on a multifunctional spindle test bench by using three different types of spindles without coating and the YD4203C pointed spindle with surface self‐lubricating coating under various high‐speed no‐load conditions. The results showed that the vibration phenomenon of the YD4203C pointed‐head spindle was slighter than that of YD6111FA frustum spindle and YD6100E flat‐headed spindle, this was believed to be because the increase in the end surface area could speed up the heat transfer, and the decrease in the bottom area of the spindle end could reduce the impact of the high‐speed oil and gas vortex on the vibration. In addition, the vibration characteristics of the coated YD4203C pointed spindles are significantly improved compared with the uncoated spindles. This study provides the experimental basis for the design and manufacture of spindles with low vibration.
Class III peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in aquatic macrophytes during vegetative period in Bardača a wetland
Authors: Maksimović Tanja , Hasanagić Dino , Samelak Ivan , Kukavica Biljana
Published: August 2022

In this study, changes in Class III peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud. Utricularia vulgaris L. and Salvinia natans (L.) from the Bardača wetland during one vegetation season (June-October) were monitored. The highest activities of soluble and ionic cell wall bound peroxidases (solPOX and ionPOX, respectively) were measured for Phragmites communis (leaf > root > rhizome), followed by Utricularia vulgaris (whole plant), then Salvinia natans (whole plant). The results showed that during the vegetation period (August-September) the activity of solPOX, ionPOX and PPO in Phragmites communis increased, but the activity decreased drastically in October. For Salvinia natans and Utricularia vulgaris, a different seasonal distribution was obtained in the PPO activity, i.e. with a maximum activity during July and a minimum one during September. Different seasonal trends in enzyme activities are probably the result of abiotic stress caused by changing physic-chemical environmental conditions and different adaptive capacities of the studied species to habitat conditions. Correlations between physicochemical environmental parameters and enzyme activities indicate the possibility of using POX and PPO activities as an important bioindicatos of environmental status.
A note on diagnosis and performance degradation detection in automatic control systems towards functional safety and cyber security
Authors: Ding Steven X.
Published: August 2022

This note addresses diagnosis and performance degradation detection issues from an integrated viewpoint of functionality maintenance and cyber security of automatic control systems. It calls for more research attention on three aspects: (i) application of control and detection unified framework to enhancing the diagnosis capability of feedback control systems, (ii) projection-based fault detection, and complementary and explainable applications of projection- and machine learning-based techniques, and (iii) system performance degradation detection that is of elemental importance for today’s automatic control systems. Some ideas and conceptual schemes are presented and illustrated by means of examples, serving as convincing arguments for research efforts in these aspects. They would contribute to the future development of capable diagnosis systems for functionality safe and cyber secure automatic control systems.
Verletzungen des Acromioclavicular- und Sternoclaviculargelenkes
Authors: Lacheta Lucca , Akgün Doruk , Thiele Kathi , Stöckle Ulrich
Published: August 2022

Das Schlüsselbein mit Akromioklavikulargelenk (ACG) als laterale und Sternoklavikulargelenk (SCG) als mediale Begrenzung bildet die einzige knöcherne Abstützung des gesamten Schultergürtels
und der oberen Extremität hin zum knöchernen Brustkorb. Verletzungen des ACG und SCG können zu Instabilitäten und damit einhergehenden funktionellen Defiziten führen, die sich mit
eingeschränkter Schulterfunktion und/oder Schmerzen äußern können. Darüber hinaus kann es zu ästhetisch störenden Deformitäten kommen mit Pseudo-Schlüsselbeinhochstand (ACG) lateral oder
Schlüsselbeinvorstand (SCG) medial. Die adäquate Diagnostik ist entscheidend zum Erkennen der Pathologie, ihres Schweregrades und der richtigen Therapie. Während sowohl bei ACG als auch SCG
die Gelenkkapsel eine entscheidende Rolle für die Stabilität spielen, wird das ACG zusätzlich durch die korakoklavikulären (CC) Bänder in Position gehalten. Die korrekte Diagnostik und
Therapie von Verletzungen des ACG/SCG wird von Unfallchirurgen und Orthopäden kontrovers diskutiert. Mehrere Operationstechniken sind zur chirurgischen Versorgung publiziert. In den letzten
Jahren hat sich die minimalinvasive arthroskopisch assistierte ACG-Rekonstruktion neben der klassischen Hakenplatte als Goldstandard etabliert. Interventionsbedürftige SCG-Verletzungen
stellen nicht zuletzt aufgrund ihrer exponierten anatomischen Nähe zu den großen thorakalen Gefäßen den Operateur vor besondere Herausforderungen. Im Folgenden soll auf Diagnostik und
Therapie von akuten und chronischen ACG- und SCG-Verletzungen unter Berücksichtigung selektiver Literatur eingegangen werden.
Reliability of Running Economy Measurements: Influence of Shoe
Familiarisation
Authors: Nielsen Anders , Heyde Christian , Simonsen Morten Bilde , Larsen Ryan Godsk , Hansen Rasmus Kopp , Kersting Uwe , Zee M De , Brund René Børge Korsgaard
Published: August 2022

The purpose was to investigate differences in reliability of running economy
measurements between familiar and unfamiliar shoes. Thirty-seven runners were
included who all ran in familiar and unfamiliar running shoes while running
economy was measured at steady state using a treadmill. Each participant was
tested on two different visits (three sessions in total), with two trials in
each of the three shoe conditions completed at each visit. Coefficient of
variation, standard deviation of differences, and limits of agreement of running
economy were used to quantify the repeatability (within-visit variation) and
reproducibility (between-visit variation). The coefficient of variation showed a
marginal difference in reproducibility across shoe conditions, whereas no
differences were seen in coefficient of variation, standard deviation of the
differences, or limits of agreement for repeatability across shoes. All three
shoe conditions showed greater repeatability than reproducibility for running
economy, and enhanced repeatability at visit 3 compared to visit 2. Our results
indicate that familiarisation to shoes might not be needed for reliable
measurements of running economy. Based on our results, when evaluating benefits
in running shoes we suggest that running economy be assessed within the same
day. Further, our data suggest a beneficial effect of using multiple
familiarisation sessions if small differences between shoe conditions are
expected.
Effects of Moderate Altitude Training Combined with Moderate or
High-altitude Residence
Authors: Usaj Anton , Kapus Jernej , Štrumbelj Boro , Debevec Tadej , Vodičar Janez
Published: August 2022

We aimed to identify potential physiological and performance differences of
trained cross-country skiers (V˙o2max=60±4
ml ∙ kg–1 ∙ min–1)
following two, 3-week long altitude modalities: 1) training at moderate
altitudes (600–1700 m) and living at 1500 m (LMTM;N=8); and 2)
training at moderate altitudes (600–1700 m) and living at 1500 m with
additional nocturnal normobaric hypoxic exposures
(FiO2 =0.17;LHTM; N=8). All participants
conducted the same training throughout the altitude training phase and underwent
maximal roller ski trials and submaximal cyclo-ergometery before, during and one
week after the training camps. No exercise performance or hematological
differences were observed between the two modalities. The average roller ski
velocities were increased one week after the training camps following both LMTM
(p=0.03) and LHTM (p=0.04) with no difference between the two
(p=0.68). During the submaximal test, LMTM increased the Tissue
Oxygenation Index (11.5±6.5 to 1.0±8.5%;
p=0.04), decreased the total hemoglobin concentration (15.1±6.5
to 1.7±12.9 a.u.;p=0.02), and increased blood pH
(7.36±0.03 to 7.39±0.03;p=0.03). On the other hand, LHTM
augmented minute ventilation (76±14 to 88±10
l·min−1;p=0.04) and systemic blood oxygen
saturation by 2±1%; (p=0.02) with no such differences
observed following the LMTM. Collectively, despite minor physiological
differences observed between the two tested altitude training modalities both
induced comparable exercise performance modulation.
People in the United States judge the success of individuals from higher- versus lower-income families as less deserving
Authors: Schnurr Benedikt
Published: August 2022

Extant research demonstrates that individuals from higher-income families are more likely to become successful than individuals from lower-income families. This research aims at investigating how deserving people judge the same socioeconomic success when that success is achieved by individuals from higher- versus lower-income families. Building on the literature suggesting that people draw diverse inferences about others based on their socioeconomic status, seven preregistered experiments, conducted among participants from the United States, demonstrate that people deem the same socioeconomic success of an individual as less deserving when that individual comes from a higher- versus lower-income family. This difference in success deservingness judgments occurs because, in accomplishing the same success, people judge individuals from higher- versus lower-income families as less self-reliant, even when success can be attributed to individuals’ own effort. Importantly, this discrepancy in judgments of self-reliance and success deservingness has critical behavioral consequences: people prefer to give less support to individuals from higher- versus lower-income families, even when these individuals have experienced the same economic downturn and have accomplished the same career success. Together, these results extend existing research on the consequences of social class stereotypes for individuals and society, contribute to the philosophical and socio-political discourse about the nature of deservingness, and caution against a potentially biased provision of support based on people’s family background.
The effect of organic coatings in the magnetization of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Andrade Priscyla L. , Silva Valdeene A. J. , Krycka Kathryn L. , Leão Juscelino B. , Liu I-Lin , Silva Maria P. C. , Aguiar J. Albino
Published: August 2022

Cobalt ferrite has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its unique physical properties, such as high Curie temperature, large magnetocrystalline anisotropy, high coercivity, moderate saturation magnetization, large magnetostrictive coefficient, and excellent chemical stability and mechanical hardness. This work focuses on the neutron scattering results of the magnetic response characteristics of polysaccharide fucan coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for their application as a solid support for enzyme immobilization and other biotechnology applications. Here, we unambiguously show that surfactant coating of nanoparticles can significantly affect their magnetic response throughout the nanoparticle volume. While it has been recently suggested that oleic acid may preserve nanoscale magnetism in ferrites, we present evidence that the influence of oleic acid on the magnetic response of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles is more than a surface effect, instead pervading throughout the interior of the nanoparticle.
Magnetic field topology for altering ion density in bipolar sputtering
Authors: Michiels M. , Leonova K. , Godfroid T. , Snyders R. , Britun N.
Published: August 2022

A drastic change in the spatial ion distribution in bipolar magnetron sputtering discharge is reported upon changing the magnetic field topology. In our case, a significant increase in ion number density at certain time delays is registered when topology is changed toward the unbalanced type. A transitory torch-shaped ionization zone consequently disappears, along with the low-energy part of the ion energy distribution, due to no additional ionization in this case.
Effects of liquid properties on atomization and spray characteristics studied by planar two-photon fluorescence
Authors: Ulrich Hannah , Lehnert Bastian , Guénot Diego , Svendsen Kristoffer , Lundh Olle , Wensing Michael , Berrocal Edouard , Zigan Lars
Published: August 2022

In this work, planar two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (2p-LIF) is applied for the first time to analyze the fluid dependent spray structure and atomization behavior of water and ethanol in a quantitative way. A commercial six-hole DISI (Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition) injector was studied at different injection pressures, operated with liquids containing the LIF dye fluorescein. Specifically for DISI-injectors, the fluid-dependent atomization is very complex and not fully understood due to the cavitating, turbulent nozzle flow that dominates the spray formation. Optical access and analysis of the near-nozzle spray are often challenging due to multiple light scattering in dense regions which is reduced by 2p-LIF measurements using a femtosecond laser. This allows high-contrast spray imaging close to the nozzle, resulting in an improved identification of single liquid structures of the spray. Thus, a higher accuracy of sizing is possible. Compared to water, the ethanol spray shape shows increased cone angles in the nozzle near-field of about 6%, which cannot be explained by classical atomization theory based on aerodynamic breakup. The larger cone angle of ethanol was attributed to its larger viscosity, which could decelerate the flow at the wall of the injection hole, affecting the velocity profile of the emerging jet. The atomization shows a main jet breakup distance of 7–10 mm in which the structure sizes decreased drastically, specifically for water. For the size of the liquid structures in the near-nozzle region, which show dimensions of about 80–130 μm, ethanol exhibited about 2% smaller Feret's diameters than water for the tested time steps at 20 MPa. This effect is even more distinct for other injection pressures and positions at a further distance to the injector. For all investigated conditions and measurement positions downstream of the nozzle, ethanol showed on average about 24% smaller structures compared to the water spray. Although this trend is in accordance with the classical atomization theory based on the aerodynamic breakup mechanism, other effects, such as cavitation and nozzle-flow induced breakup, contribute to this behavior.
Assessing accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of combustion models for prediction of flame dynamics with large eddy simulation
Authors: Kuhlmann J. , Lampmann A. , Pfitzner M. , Polifke W.
Published: August 2022

A variety of combustion models for large eddy simulation of premixed turbulent flames have been developed and validated over the years. Validation studies concentrate on relevant mean quantities and turbulent fluctuations; however, the prediction of flame dynamics is typically not taken into account. Furthermore, it is difficult to meaningfully compare the computational efficiency of model formulations due to different compute resources, meshes, code bases, and numerics. The present study compares turbulent combustion models on the same code base, keeping boundary conditions, meshes, and numerical settings constant. The reliability and versatility of two turbulent combustion models, i.e., the artificially thickened flame and flame surface density formulations, are assessed by applying them to a variety of operating conditions and burner configurations. In particular, for a premixed methane swirl burner, we consider three power ratings by changing the inflow velocity, which increases the demand on the sub-grid scale model due to increased sub-grid scale wrinkling. A change in swirler position modifies the interference of swirl and acoustic perturbations, with a significant impact on flame dynamics. Changes in thermal boundary condition and combustion chamber size provide insight into the consequences of quenching effects resulting from heat losses on flame anchoring and flame topology.
Sound absorption of two-dimensional rough tube porous materials
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Weitao , Xin Fengxian
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a theoretical model for predicting the sound absorption performance of two-dimensional rough tube porous materials is established based on the Johnson–Champoux–Allard–Lafarge equivalent fluid model. The shape of the two-dimensional rough tube is approximated by trigonometric functions, and the theoretical expressions of its fluid transport parameters are given, including viscous permeability, thermal permeability, tortuosity, viscous characteristic length, and thermal characteristic length. In addition, the influence of shape factor is considered when calculating the thermal permeability and the viscous characteristic length, and its theoretical expression is given. The theoretical model is verified by a numerical simulation model based on the multi-scale asymptotic method, and good agreement is achieved. Compared with smooth tubes, circumferential rough tubes and axial rough tubes, the two-dimensional rough tubes not only enhance the viscous dissipation effect but also enhance the thermal dissipation effect during the propagation of sound waves, thus, realizing the high-efficiency sound absorption at lower frequencies. This work further develops the sound absorption theory of porous materials considering the roughness effect and enriches the research and design ideas of porous materials.
Data-driven quantification of model-form uncertainty in Reynolds-averaged simulations of wind farms
Authors: Eidi Ali , Zehtabiyan-Rezaie Navid , Ghiassi Reza , Yang Xiang , Abkar Mahdi
Published: August 2022

Computational fluid dynamics using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) remains the most cost-effective approach to study wake flows and power losses in wind farms. The underlying assumptions associated with turbulence closures are the biggest sources of errors and uncertainties in the model predictions. This work aims to quantify model-form uncertainties in RANS simulations of wind farms at high Reynolds numbers under neutrally stratified conditions by perturbing the Reynolds stress tensor through a data-driven machine-learning technique. To this end, a two-step feature-selection method is applied to determine key features of the model. Then, the extreme gradient boosting algorithm is validated and employed to predict the perturbation amount and direction of the modeled Reynolds stress toward the limiting states of turbulence on the barycentric map. This procedure leads to a more accurate representation of the Reynolds stress anisotropy. The data-driven model is trained on high-fidelity data obtained from large-eddy simulation of a specific wind farm, and it is tested on two other (unseen) wind farms with distinct layouts to analyze its performance in cases with different turbine spacing and partial wake. The results indicate that, unlike the data-free approach in which a uniform and constant perturbation amount is applied to the entire computational domain, the proposed framework yields an optimal estimation of the uncertainty bounds for the RANS-predicted quantities of interest, including the wake velocity, turbulence intensity, and power losses in wind farms.
The role of breakup and coalescence in fine-scale bubble-induced turbulence. II. Kinematics
Authors: Paul I. , Fraga B. , Dodd M. S. , Lai C. C. K.
Published: August 2022

This second part of our research explores the kinematic aspect of fine-scale bubble-induced turbulence (BIT) to (i) present the effect of bubble breakup and coalescence and (ii) compare it against the universal kinematic fine-scale turbulence characteristics reported in the literature. To this end, we simulate a dilute bubbly system of 0.5% void fraction using two distinct numerical simulations. In the volume-of-fluid (VoF) simulation, bubbles undergo breakup and coalescence. In the immersed boundary method (IBM) simulation, however, they act as rigid spheres. We also perform a simulation of classical homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT). The first important outcome of this study is that BIT is radically different from HIT in terms of its kinematic fine-scale characteristics. In the vorticity-dominating regions, BIT exhibits a weak vortex stretching. This weak vortex stretching is due to (a) the intermediate strain-rate eigenvalues skewed weakly to positive and (b) the extensive strain-rate eigenvector aligning perpendicular to the vorticity vector. The BIT has, on average, not only a weak enstrophy production but also a weak strain production in strain-dominating regions. The weak strain production is due to (a) the presence of vortex stretching in highly strained fluid elements and (b) the absolute magnitude of compressive strain-rate eigenvalue being as close to the extensive strain-rate eigenvalue. Thus, none of the kinematic fine-scale HIT characteristics is noted for BIT. The second important conclusion is that bubble breakup and coalescence play little to no influence on the kinematics of fine-scale BIT as VoF and IBM simulations produce similar results.
Wake asymmetry weakening in viscoelastic fluids: Numerical discovery and mechanism exploration
Authors: Peng Sai , Huang Tao , Kouser Taiba , Zhuang Xiao-Ru , Xiong Yong-Liang , Yu Peng
Published: August 2022

Viscoelasticity weakens the asymmetry of laminar shedding flow behind a blunt body in a free domain. In the present study, this finding is confirmed by four unsteady viscoelastic flows with asymmetric flow configuration, i.e., flow over an inclined flat plate with various angles of incidence, flow over a rotating circular cylinder, flow over a circular cylinder with asymmetric slip boundary distribution, and flow over an inclined row of eight equally closely spaced circular cylinders (which can be considered as a single large blunt body) through direct numerical simulation combined with the Peterlin approximation of the finitely extensible nonlinear elastic model. At high Weissenberg number, an arc shape region with high elastic stress, which is similar to shock wave, forms in the frontal area of the blunt body. This region acts as a stationary shield to separate the flow into different regions. Thus, it seems that the free stream passes this shield instead of the original blunt body. As this shield has symmetric feature, the wake flow restores symmetry.
UAV formation control based on distributed Kalman model predictive control algorithm
Authors: Pang Qiangwei , Zhu Yongyong , Chen Ye , Wang Deshi , Suo Wenkai
Published: August 2022

To address the perturbation of formation of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) subject to external disturbances, an algorithm of distributed Kalman model predictive control is proposed in this paper to improve the accuracy of maintaining a formation in flight. A UAV two-order discrete-time system model was built before devising a Kalman prediction model based on the standard prediction model. The desired formation configuration and neighbor Kalman optimal state estimation were conducted to determine the reference state of UAVs. While taking into account the formation tracking error and input stability, a logarithmic barrier function was introduced in the design of the overall cost function to ensure flight safety. Meanwhile, information was exchanged with neighbors with the directed and time-invariant communication topological structure. With the Lyapunov stability theorem, sufficient conditions were defined for the asymptotic stability of the formation system. Simulation results revealed that the algorithm could effectively suppress the perturbation in the formation of UAVs arising from external disturbances, allowing the formation to cope with the conflicts between individual UAVs.
Downfolding Methods in Many-Electron Theory
Authors: Aryasetiawan Ferdi , Nilsson Fredrik
Published: August 2022

Downfolding Methods in Many-Electron Theory is a comprehensive description of the last 30 years of study in this field, starting from LDA+U to LDA+DMFT and arriving at the recent work on multitier self-consistent GW+EDMFT. It focuses on different levels of first-principles electronic structure theories for strongly correlated electrons and outlines the downfolding method as a general approach—proven to be very productive in first-principles electronic structure of materials with strong electron correlations.

This important book:Summarizes the latest developments of electronic structure methods for correlated materialsDescribes each key method from the simplest approximation to the latest developmentsPresents specific topics not often addressed in existing literature

Downfolding Methods in Many-Electron Theory is an invaluable resource for researchers and practitioners working in electronic structure in condensed matter physics. The book presents the topic at a level also appropriate for graduate students.
Improving power in functional magnetic resonance imaging by moving beyond cluster-level inference
Authors: Noble Stephanie , Mejia Amanda F. , Zalesky Andrew , Scheinost Dustin
Published: August 2022

Inference in neuroimaging typically occurs at the level of focal brain areas or circuits. Yet, increasingly, well-powered studies paint a much richer picture of broad-scale effects distributed throughout the brain, suggesting that many focal reports may only reflect the tip of the iceberg of underlying effects. How focal versus broad-scale perspectives influence the inferences we make has not yet been comprehensively evaluated using real data. Here, we compare sensitivity and specificity across procedures representing multiple levels of inference using an empirical benchmarking procedure that resamples task-based connectomes from the Human Connectome Project dataset (∼1,000 subjects, 7 tasks, 3 resampling group sizes, 7 inferential procedures). Only broad-scale (network and whole brain) procedures obtained the traditional 80% statistical power level to detect an average effect, reflecting >20% more statistical power than focal (edge and cluster) procedures. Power also increased substantially for false discovery rate– compared with familywise error rate–controlling procedures. The downsides are fairly limited; the loss in specificity for broad-scale and FDR procedures was relatively modest compared to the gains in power. Furthermore, the broad-scale methods we introduce are simple, fast, and easy to use, providing a straightforward starting point for researchers. This also points to the promise of more sophisticated broad-scale methods for not only functional connectivity but also related fields, including task-based activation. Altogether, this work demonstrates that shifting the scale of inference and choosing FDR control are both immediately attainable and can help remedy the issues with statistical power plaguing typical studies in the field.
English intonation in storytelling
Authors: Hudson Toby , Setter Jane , Mok Peggy
Published: August 2022

This paper presents data for a tightly controlled recognition and production study of English language intonation
in reading by speakers of British English and second language learners of English in Hong Kong. We demonstrate a relatively high
correlation between the scores for the two studies when data are separated by utterance type (statement, echo, WH-question, etc.).
Our finding that this cohort of English learners performs better at production of nuclear tones than in the corresponding
recognition study when both are judged by a template for British English adds support to the claim that the perception-production
link, a theory that production is contingent on perception, is not borne out by the empirical study of learners of World
Englishes. Data collected for the British English speakers give insight into a changing intonational phonology, while Hong Kong
data indicate differences in intonational categories, a different distribution of tones, and possibly tonal innovation.
Communicating time, place, and history
Authors: Needham Susan , Quintiliani Karen
Published: August 2022

Prolung Khmer(ព្រលឹងខ្មែរ, meaning “Khmer Soul” or “Khmer Spirit”), is a culturally salient ideological discourse found in modern Cambodian culture in the homeland and the diaspora.Prolung Khmerdraws on symbols and practices from Cambodia’s 2000-year cultural heritage, linking Khmer history, religion, language, the arts, and socio-political relationships in an essentialized ideology of Khmer culture. Using a genealogical analysis, this article traces the historical development ofProlung Khmerfrom earliest times to the present with examples from Cambodia and the diaspora. We argue that through its use,Prolung Khmerdelineates, historicizes, and naturalizes what it means to be Khmer in the homeland and the diaspora.
Language ideologies and legitimacy among nonbinary YouTubers
Authors: Crowley Archie
Published: August 2022

This paper explores how ten nonbinary North American YouTubers appeal to legitimizing discourses
(van Leeuwen & Wodak 1999) as rationalizations for their choices regarding
identity labels and pronouns. Given the local cultural salience of the implications of their language choices, the YouTubers
rationalize their terminological choices through legitimizing discourses that prioritize historical facts, lexical
definitions, and personal feelings. I examine how these discourses presuppose particular
language ideologies, or implicit assumptions about what language users view as “appropriate” language practices. In the
case of the nonbinary YouTubers, I illustrate that the vloggers’ legitimizing discourses appeal to and juxtapose a referentialist
ideology (Hill 2008, Silverstein 1979),
according to which words should describe the world truthfully, and an ideology of self-identification (Zimman 2019), which prioritizes individual agency. Crucially, deploying these legitimizing discourses is
an important strategy that nonbinary YouTubers draw on as part of their advocacy and education projects.
Advancing integrated approaches to health through the new transdisciplinary CABI One Health resources
Authors: Zinsstag Jakob , Crump Lisa
Published: August 2022

We are delighted to announce the launch of three inter-related CABI One Health resources which aim to promote evidence-based One Health information through an online journal, a case study database and a knowledge bank.
Mollisia fuscoparaphysata
.
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Mollisia fuscoparaphysata
, which is saprobic on rotten dead fallen leaves and culms at or just below water level. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Sweden, Switzerland, UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this organism and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Phaeosphaeria silenes-acaulis
.
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Phaeosphaeria silenes-acaulis
, which is a saprobe, appearing on dead leaves and shoots of
Silene acaulis
and other members of the Caryophyllaceae on dry gravelly ground in montane and tundra habitats of the Northern Hemisphere. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada, USA (Alaska, Colorado, Washington)), Europe (Austria, France, Germany Greenland, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Spain, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Yugoslavia)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Phacellium vossianum
.
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Phacellium vossianum
, which inhabits living leaves of some
Cirsium
and
Carduus
species, causing scattered necrotic spots. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Georgia, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, Uzbekistan), Europe (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Russia (Lipetsk oblast), Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Vezdaea aestivalis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Vezdaea aestivalis
, a lichen-forming fungus typical of ephemeral habitats, overgrowing mosses or plant remains over calcareous rocks, often on lead or zinc mine sites. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Georgia), Australasia (Australia (Victoria)), Europe (Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, former Czechoslovakia, Channel Islands, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Isle of Man, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Leningrad Oblast, Republic of Adygea), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK), North America (Canada (Northwest Territories))).
Puccinia betonicae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Puccinia betonicae
found parasitic on
Stachys officinalis
. Some information on its taxonomy, morphology, associated organisms, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status are given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Lipetsk Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Republic of Karelia, Republic of Mordovia, Saratov Oblast), Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, USA (Colorado)) and hosts (
Betonica alopecuros
subsp.
alopecuros, B. macrantha,, B. officinalis, B. officinalis
var.
alpestris, Betonica
sp.,
Leonurus turkestanicus, Stachys annua, S. betoniciflora, S. citrina, S. cretica, S. iberica, S. recta
and
Stachys
sp.).
Calosphaeria pulchella
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: August 2022

A new distribution map is provided for
Calosphaeria pulchella
(Persoon) Schröter. Sordariomycetes: Calosphaeriales: Calosphaeriaceae. Hosts: sweet cherry (
Prunus avium
), almond (
P. dulci
), peach (
P. persica
), pear (
Pyrus
spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (South Africa, Zimbabwe), Asia (Iran), Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, United Kingdom, England), North America (Canada, Ontario, USA, California), Oceania (Australia, South Australia), South America (Chile).
Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: August 2022

A new distribution map is provided for
Candidatus
Phytoplasma cynodontis Marcone et al. Mollicutes: Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae. Main host: Bermuda grass (
Cynodon dactylon
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda), Asia (China, India, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam), Europe (Albania, Italy, Serbia), North America (Cuba), Oceania (Australia, Northern Territory, Western Australia).
Litylenchus crenatae
ssp.
mccannii
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: August 2022

A new distribution map is provided for
Litylenchus crenatae
subsp.
mccannii
Carta, Handoo, Li et. al. Chromadorea: Rhabditida: Anguinidae. Main host: beech (
Fagus grandifolia
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Canada, Ontario), USA (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virgina, West Virginia).
Parietaria mottle virus. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: August 2022

A new distribution map is provided for Parietaria mottle virus. Martellivirales: Bromoviridae: Ilarvirus. Hosts: tomato (
Solanum lycopersicum
), pepper (
Capsicum
spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France, Greece, Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain, Balearic Islands).
Potato Aucuba mosaic virus. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: August 2022

A new distribution map is provided for Potato aucuba mosaic virus. Tymovirales: Alphaflexiviridae: Potexvirus. Host: potato (
Solanum tuberosum
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (South Africa), Asia (Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, China, Gansu, Zhejiang, India, West Bengal, Israel, Japan, Syria, Turkey), Europe (Belarus, Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Russia, Russian Far East, Serbia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, England), North America (Mexico, USA, New York), Oceania (Australia, South Australia, New Zealand).