bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the composition and properties of heavy oils in situ by Low Field NMR relaxation method
Authors: Volkov Vladimir Ya. , Sakharov Boris V. , Khasanova Nailia M. , Nurgaliev Danis K.
Published: December 2018

For the analysis of heavy oils, the method of simultaneous measurement of the free induction decay (FID) together with the decay of the echo signal in the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse program was used. The measurements were carried out on a «Chromatek-Proton 20M» NMR analyzer operating at a frequency of 20 MHz. A special control program was created on the NMR analyzer that automatically tunes and measures the full FID curve, then switches to measuring the decay of the echo amplitude by the CPMG pulse sequence, and then the investigation ends with a joint processing of all the experimental data. This method makes it possible to measure the amplitudes of NMR signals and the relaxation times T2 of protons of heavy oil components in situ, including asphaltenes, without any perturbations in the analyzed system. Under the influence of paramagnetic centers located in asphaltenes, the amplitude-relaxation characteristics of oil protons are divided into 7 groups associated with solid asphaltenes in crystalline and amorphous states, resins with high and low density, aromatic and saturated compounds. The NMR amplitudes of these fractions correlate well with the group composition of heavy oils as determined by gravitational-chromatographic SARA method. The combined FID + CPMG method can be recommended for determining the SARA composition and other properties of oil in situ. The behavior of fractions of heavy oil in the temperature range (-15оС ÷ +60оС) was investigated by SARA-NMR method. For the first time in situ, it has been shown that resins participate in the formation of asphaltenes in a closed volume when the oil is cooled from a stable state at room temperature, and vice versa, asphaltenes are disaggregated by heating with the release of resins.
The SARA-NMR method is promising for the on-line monitoring of the production, transportation and processing of heavy oil in real conditions of temperature, pressure and dissolved gases. However, the design of the NMR sensor must be adapted to industrial applications. The possibilities of designing NMR probes on process pipelines of larger diameter than in laboratory instruments can be extended taking into account the procedure proposed for correcting the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field in the probed volume based on the FID signal of the liquid oil fraction.
Study of the lithological characteristics of Domanic deposits of the Pervomayskoe field
Authors: Takhauov A. , Titov A.
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the results of studying rocks of the domanic horizon of the Pervomayskoe oil field represented by core material of the well 467D. In tectonic terms, this well, like the entire Pervomayskoe field, is confined to the axial part of the Kama-Kinel deflection system on the territory of the North-Tatar arch. Administratively, the Pervomayskoe deposit is located on the territories of the Elabuga, Mendeleevsky and Tukaevsky districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. To study the core material presented, different studies were conducted, including a macroscopic description of the core; comparison of the studied rocks with well logging data; optical microscopic analysis; X-ray analysis; determination of reservoir properties of rocks; study of organic matter by the Rock-Eval pyrolysis method.
Based on the analysis, it was found that the domanic horizon is composed of rocks containing carbonate and siliceous minerals to varying degrees, occasionally including minor mixtures of other minerals. The section of rocks is characterized by a sharp change in the lithological composition with a thickness of interlayers of several centimeters. According to Rock-Eval data, carbonate-siliceous interlayers have a high content of organic matter. Organic matter in Domanic deposits is characterized as immature and is found in rocks in the form of kerogen.
THE ECONOMY OF VEGETABLE GROWING: THE STATE AND THE PRESENT
Authors: Soldatenko A. V. , Pivovarov V. F. , Razin A. F. , Meshcheryakova R. A. , Shatilov M. V. , Ivanova M. I. , Taktarovа S. V. , Razin O. A.
Published: December 2018

Vegetable growing is one of the most dynamically developing branches of agriculture in the Russian Federation. Research on the economics and organization of the production of vegetables and fruits of melons and gourds began at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hydrometeorology (VNIIO) after its formation in 1930 and served as the basis for the creation of commercial vegetable-growing zones, specialized farms and green-house complexes around major cities and industrial centers of Russia, as well as vegetable farms in other republics. The following were developed: a promising scheme for the development and placement of vegetable growing in zones of the country in open and protected ground, scientifically based proposals for improving the organization and increasing the efficiency of vegetable growing in Moscow, Ryazan, Ivanovo, Bryansk, Irkutsk, Lipetsk and other regions of Russia. From 2000 to 2014, research focused on the development of concepts for the development of commercial vegetable and seed production of open and protected soil in the context of existing economic relations and forms of management. Since 2015, an analysis of the economic efficiency of vegetable production in the Russian Federation has been carried out, taking into account large-scale and small-scale production, interregional exchange of vegetable products, taking into account import and export, equivalence of inter-sectoral exchange, development of cooperation in the village, economic efficiency of long-term storage of fresh vegetables, and optimal size of vegetable production. for vegetable producers of all forms of ownership, safety of vegetable products in the context of food safety Russia. Today, Russia produces 105.7 kg of vegetables per capita per year, and in 2017, the self-sufficiency of open and protected soil in vegetables was 81.1%. The large stability of large-scale production was noted in the conditions of the unfavorable economic situation in the vegetable industry. Identified systemic problems that limit the increase in the production of vegetable products and adversely affect its effectiveness.
VARIABILITY OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF AMARANTH PLANTS DURING CULTIVATION TO OBTAIN THE NATURAL FOOD COLORANT WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Authors: Gins M. S. , Gins V. K. , Baikov A. A. , Tareeva M. M. , Platonova S. Yu. , Torres M. K. , Pelii A. F.
Published: December 2018

Amaranth leaves can be used in salads, soups, sauces enriching them with biologically active substances (in particular, ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds), as well as giving them an original taste and color. Plants were grown on the experimental field of VNIISSOK in the Moscow region. The experiment was laid on sod-podzolic soil. For the period of 2013-2016 years, biochemical parameters were investigated: total content of water-soluble antioxidants, ascorbic acid content, dry matter content, amarantine content in three amaranth varieties (Valentina, Don Pedro and Fakel) and two green leaf varieties (Pamyati Kovasa and Eku 17020) of FSBSI FSVC (formerly VNIISSOK) and INIAP selection and a correlation analysis was performed, which showed a relationship between the relative concentration of amarantine in the leaves and other biochemical parameters at different stages of plant development. The maximum accumulators of antioxidants according to the TAC parameter were the Valentina and Don Pedro varieties - up to 2.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g. The situation was similar in terms of the content of the reduced form of ascorbic acid. So also the Valentina and Don Pedro varieties were leading with values of about 140 mg%. A positive correlation between the content of ascorbic acid and the sum of hydrophilic antioxidants was confirmed. Pamyati Kovasa and Eku 17020 varieties can be recommended as a source of green mass of leaves with a high content of ascorbic acid, red colored varieties Don Pedro, Valentina, Fakel – for obtaining red dye enriched with antioxidants.
浅析无线通信网络
Authors: 刘 钟书
Published: December 2018

近些年,我国的信息技术和互联网技术取得了突飞猛进的发展,人们的生活也相应地走进了信息化的时代,无线通信技术最大的作用就是运用电磁波信号来传播信息,其准确性远远超出传统的有线通讯技术,无线通信技术本身的特点就是摆脱了传统有线通讯利用电缆传播的局限性,不区分于时间,地点的特点,并且传输距离較远,传输内容的速度也比较快,涉及范围也比较广,科学技术的飞速发展,很大程度上得益于无线通信技术的发展,无线通信的迅速发展,改变了人们的生活方式,革新了人类社会的理念,本文简单的分析了无线通信网络。
环境工程评估开展工作及重要措施
Authors: 王 珍娜
Published: December 2018

进行环境影响评价的目的主要是为了保护人类在地球上安全的生存。其作用就是提醒建设方、参建方负有保护环境的责任和义务，或对规划方、设计方提出环保具体要求和建议，对相关管理部门提供一些科学管理的依据。本文根据环境工程评估工作的实情，浅谈了环境工程评估工作的现状及工作要点，就目前尚存的问题进行了初步的分析，简单叙述了解决目前尚存的问题的措施和建议，仅是个人意见只供参考。
BIM技术在房建施工中的运用分析
Authors: 林 剑
Published: December 2018

对于建筑业来说,房屋建设工程是其重要的组成部分,而施工技术水平的高低往往影响着建设工程品质的优劣。面对科技日新月异的今天,传统的房建施工技术和管理技术已满足不了现如今社会对房建技术的要求。在这种背景下,BIM技术应运而生,并很快的被投入到我国大型的建筑施工项目中,有些企业还以BIM技术的开发和利用作为企业研究的重点内容,意在增强企业在建筑领域的竞争优势。
关于建筑装饰装修的现状与发展趋势
Authors: 孙 辉勇
Published: December 2018

从建筑装饰的本质上看,建筑装饰是建筑工程施工的一部分。在市场经济的发展中,随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对建筑装饰的标准要求也越来越高,这不仅仅使装饰行业的地位凸显出来,还能够使装饰行业在新的经济市场中的作用很好的表现出来。但是,在建筑装饰装修行业的快速发展的今天,仍然有很多的缺陷存在着,下面对于建筑装饰装修的现状与发展趋势进行详细的分析。
极简主义在现代室内设计中的运用
Authors: 李 聂
Published: December 2018

在现代化的装修设计中,极简主义的应用十分广泛,尤其在工装设计中,它可大幅度提升室内设计水平,充分满足现代人们的多样化需求。现代室内设计在色调、家具等方面都具有自身的特点,而极简主义的应用不仅能够满足室内设计的实际要求,同时也彰显了房屋建筑明朗、简约的装修风格。鉴于此,本文主要结合极简设计的实际特点,对其在现代化室内设计中的应用进行了分析和研究。
论家具在室内设计中的应用
Authors: 陈 华
Published: December 2018

家具是人们日常生活中使用的主要器具,也是室内设计中必不可少的重要组成元素。随着社会经济以及人们生活水平的提高,家具不仅为我们的生活带来了便利,同时也对提升室内空间的美感以及实用性有着重要的意义。本文主要针对家具在室内设计中的具体应用进行了分析,旨在为提高室内设计水平做出参考。
浅谈极简主义在现代室内设计中的运用
Authors: 司徒 秋权
Published: December 2018

极简主义在现代室内设计中有着重要的作用。人们为了追求一种简单、自然、舒适的家具环境,将极简主义广泛的应用到了室内设计中来。因为极简主义在现代室内设计的作用及具体应用,其不仅提升了室内设计的效果,而且给室内设计理念带来了全新的灵感。
对现代城市住宅小区园林绿化设计研究探讨
Authors: 钟 小娟
Published: December 2018

住宅小区园林绿化设计不同于公园的设计,其应以自然为主线,开拓人与自然充分亲近的生活领域,使身居闹市的人们能获得重返自然的美好享受。住宅小区园林绿化设计切勿在不同环境中作出相同的设计,必须不断创新。基于此,本文阐述了住宅小区园林绿化设计理念及其设计原则,对住宅小区园林绿化设计要点进行了探讨分析。
高速公路机电设备安装技术研究
Authors: 朱 驹 , 汪 威
Published: December 2018

高速公路是交通运输行业发展的重要载体,其施工质量更是直接影响着人们生活质量。在高速公路机电系统中,主要包括监控系统、收费系统、通信系统以及电源照明系统,机电系统是保证高速公路正常运行的前提,只有保证机电设备安装质量满足使用需求,才能更好的提升高速公路的服务水平。提高高速公路的质量管理和施工技术意义重大,这不仅关系着地区经济发展还关乎人民群众的生命财产安全。要想最大可能发挥先进技术优势,就必须提升施工技术,从而提高质量管理能力与施工质量。
钢筋混凝土框架结构震后加固方案优选
Authors: 宋 力 , 刘 祥斌
Published: December 2018

现阶段很多震损结构的震后加固工作均要借助技术人员的自身经验,但采用这种方式确定下来的加固方案无法保证加固的安全性、经济性和可行性,同时加固方案中也没有科学地针对加固后结构的性能进行评估,因此无法保证加固的效果。故而就钢筋混凝土框架结构震后加固方案进行优选研究就显得尤为必要。
Analyse Comparative De La Rentabilite Economique De L’exportation De L’ananas Frais Et De Son Jus Au Benin
Authors: Biaou Chabi Felix
Published: December 2018

In recent years, the rapid increase in pineapple production has been accompanied by an increase in its exports and that of its juice to various sub-regions. To assess the profitability of these exchanges, surveys were conducted among producers, processors, and exporters. The Cost-Financial and Economic Benefit ratios, nominal and effective protection coefficients, and the ratio of comparative advantage were used in this study. The results show that the export of fresh pineapple to hinterland countries is, on the one hand, more profitable than that of pineapple juice because of the proliferation of sugar-sweetened beverages in the sub-region. On the other hand, it is more profitable than its export to Europe.
Post Disaster Relocation Issues: A Case Study of Samasarakanda Landslide in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sangasumana Pinnawala
Published: December 2018

Landslide-induced displacement is an unexpected tragedy as well as a major development constraint which cannot be overcome sustainably unless a well-established mechanism is functionalized. Since the displacement is a life changing event, the attention should be focused to address all aspects of restoration of lives such as building houses, establishing livelihood opportunities, rehabilitation and reintegration in the process of relocation. In order to address the relocation issues and challenges for seeking durable solutions, community based strategies are most welcome in contemporary disaster management plans. In addition to examine the failures of existing relocation programmes, this study has attempted to investigate one of the neglected aspects of restoring displaced lives in the recovery phase of disaster management cycle; post-relocation satisfaction. The methodology has initially been designed based on qualitative approach focusing 72 households selected through judgment sampling from six relocated housing schemes after the massive landslide occurred in 2016 at Aranayaka division in Kegalle District, Sri Lanka. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques have been used for data collection through questionnaires, structural interviews, semi structural interviews and case studies while descriptive data analytical methods applied particularly for case study interpretation. The research results revealed that, this unexpected landslide hazard has created several socio-economic constraints which cause to accelerate the relocation issues. Lack of involvement of the government institutions in finding durable solutions at the recovery phase and the delay of policy implementation are identified as the main interlinked issues in the process of relocation. Due to the lack of community participation in project planning and less cooperation between the authorities and the public, most of the relocation programmes could not achieve the expected project deliverables. Therefore the research paper suggests new strategies to overcome the existing issues and challenges in order to minimize the problems faced by post-landslide relocated communities.
Analyse De La Contribution Des Collectivités Territoriales Au Développement Local En Côte D’ivoire : Cas Du Département D’agboville
Authors: Yves-Cyrille N’tchuvi Tanoh , Jérôme Aloko-N’guessan
Published: December 2018

This study focuses on the contribution of local authorities to the development of the Agboville department. It allows the two (02) levels of communities involved in the planning and development of that department. These are the former general counsel of Agboville and the regional council of Agneby-Tiassa. The first was involved in the planning and development department said 2002 to 2012. The second takes over from 2013. The main objective of this study is to highlight the ability of these local entities to provide basic services to the population for their well-being. The methodological approach was to assess the triennial programs and administrative accounts of local authorities and conducting field surveys, to conduct interviews with local authorities and direct observation of the actions carried. The results show that investments by local authorities are poor. This deficiency is linked to the lack of financial resources, which therefore does not allow them to ensure adequate local development.
Botulismo Alimentar: Uma Doença Esquecida
Authors: Neves Paula , Vicente Jorcélio , Cabrera Heidy , Pantazi Iurie
Published: December 2018

O botulismo é uma doença grave causada pela exposição a toxina botulínica. Manifesta-se por paralisia flácida, simétrica e em padrão descendente que afeta nervos cranianos e periféricos. Dada a frequente necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva, estes doentes devem ser abordados em ambiente de cuidados intensivos. O tratamento com soro anti-toxina botulínica é o único eficaz. Os autores apresentam o caso de uma doente de 64 anos, com quadro de vómitos e vertigem, com evolução para diplopia, disfagia e parésia muscular flácida, simétrica e descendente, com instalação após ingestão de conserva alimentar de fabrico caseiro. Do estudo etiológico salienta-se eletroneuromiograma com lesão pré sináptica compatível com hipótese de botulismo. Melhoria progressiva dos défices após administração de soro anti-toxina botulínica. Faz-se uma breve revisão teórica de uma patologia grave, potencialmente fatal e pouco frequente no nosso país.
Optimization of a forced degradation study of atorvastatin employing an experimental design approach
Authors: Hadzieva Gigovska Maja , Petkovska Ana , Acevska Jelena , Nakov Natalija , Manchevska Blagica , Antovska Packa , Ugarkovic Sonja , Dimitrovska Aneta
Published: December 2018

This study involved the optimization of experimental conditions for the forced degradation of atorvastatin employing the experimental design (DoE) approach, as a scientific multifactorial strategy. Using 2n full factorial design, stress conditions of oxidative, hydrolytic and thermal degradation were optimized to obtain a targeted level of atorvastatin degradation. Atorvastatin and all related and degradation products were separated on Poroshell 120 EC C18 50 ´ 3.0 mm 2.7 μm, using 10 mM ammonium formate and acetonitrile as mobile phases in the gradient mode. The impurity structures were confirmed by the direct hyphenation of a liquid chromatograph to an ion trap mass spectrometer with a heated electrospray ionization interface.This study highlights the multifold benefits of implementing the DoE concept, which provides a better understanding of the significant factors responsible for degradation and ensures a successful way to achieve degradation, thereby replacing the trial and error approach used in conventional forced degradation studies.
Metals in select beers commercially available in the US: Unmonitored sources of concerning exposure
Authors: Markovski Jasmina , Markovski Milos , Knezevic Branislav , Hristovski Kiril D.
Published: December 2018

Stemming from the need to inform US consumers about the potential health hazards originating from regulatory deficiencies and an inadequate capacity to conduct the complete screening of beverage products entering the US, this study aimed to answer two questions: (1) how do concerning metal concentrations of beers imported to the US market compare to those in US produced beers; and (2) do imported and domestic beers exhibit concerning metal concentrations below the existing US primary drinking water standards. To address this aim: (1) beers manufactured worldwide, which were commercially available on the US market were obtained; (2) the concentration of concerning metals in the beers was analyzed; and (3) data were examined and correlated to explore any US maximum contaminant level (MCL) exceedances and determine whether geographic or grain-related trends exist. The results showed that there are no significant differences between the concerning metal concentrations of imported vs. domestic beers in the US market. Some specific heavy metals, like arsenic, are present in both imported and domestic beers in concentrations that exceed the national primary drinking water standards MCLs. Although water quality may be a factor contributing to the elevated concentrations of concerning metals in beers, it is more likely that the grain ingredients are greater contributors to the observed trends.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THIOL STATUS, AND COMPONENTS OF SIGNALING PATHWAYS THAT REGULATE INFLAMMATION IN CONVALESCENTS WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
Authors: Bondar S. S. , Terekhov I. V. , Parfenyuk V. K. , Bondar N. V. , Nikiforov V. S.
Published: December 2018

The study discusses the relationship of thiol concentrations in intercellular fluid with the level of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) in convalescents with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) components MAPK/SAPK and JAK/STAT-signaling pathways, nuclear transcription factor NF-KB. The content and level of phosphorylation of JAK2 protein kinase, signal transducers and transcription activators STAT3, STAT5A, STAT6, NFKB nuclear transcription factor inhibitor (IkBa), stress-activated protein kinases JNK, ERK, the level of the p50 subunit of nuclear transcription factor NF-κB were determined by enzyme immunoassay in MNC. The results of the study indicate that the stage of reconvalescence of CAP is characterized by a lack of antioxidant protection, manifested by a decrease in the concentration of thiol compounds in the supernatant against which there is a decrease in the level of phosphorylation of protein kinase JAK2, factors STAT3, STAT5, STAT6, JNK, which is also associated with an increase in the level of phosphorylation of protein kinase ERK. The analysis showed that the thiol status is characterized by a positive relationship with the activity of STAT5A, JNK, p50. The level of thiols and ERK, as well as STAT3, was characterized by a negative relationship. Thus, the increase in the level of thiols contributes to the increase in the activity of the transcription factor STAT5A and decrease-STAT3 with a corresponding change in cell reactivity with respect to specific cytokines, as well as a specific effect on the differentiation of individual populations of immunocompetent cells.
THE ASSESSMENT OF EFFICACY AND OF SAFETY USING SELF-MONITORING OF DISEASE ACTIVITY VIA INTERNET PORTAL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Bagirova G. G. , Lygina E. V. , Yakushin S. S. , Kozminskaya M. I.
Published: December 2018

Objectives:Maximally quickly identify the exacerbation of the disease and timely strengthen the therapy, for more rapid achievement of remission or low disease activity.

Methods:The authors created an interactive web portal for self-monitoring of RA activity. The patient management model using this method is that a patient conducts a monthly self-evaluation of the disease activity and transmits this information to his treating doctor in a remote manner via the web portal. In case of worsening and in the absence of any dynamics, according to the patient, he was invited to the center, where this information was verified by a doctor. If, in the patient’s opinion, there was an improvement, he did not come to clinic, but continued therapy. Currently, 30 women with RA, age 57 (38; 71), who completed the 6-month treatment period, are included in the study. 20 women included in the control group, average age 60.5(40; 77).

Results:During 6 months, there was a positive dynamic of the course of the disease, the activity of the RA by DAS 28 decreased. Initially, 5 patients (16.7%) had high DAS activity, 24 — moderate (80%), 1low (3.3%). After 6 months of treatment 8 patients (26.7%) had low activity, 22 (73.3%) achieved remission. The mean value of the DAS 28 index at the time of inclusion was 3.99 (2.46; 5.78) and after 6 months of management 2.175 (0.79; 4.31), a statistically significant decrease (Wilcoxon T-test = 5). The DAS 28 index at the time of control group was 4,1 (2.46; 5.78) and after 6 months of management 3,9 (0.79; 4.31), a statistically significant decrease (Wilcoxon T-test = 5). Analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters did not reveal statistically significant deviations.

Conclusions:The 6-month period of patient management via the Internet portal for self-monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis activity proved the possibility of achieving remission and low disease activity in all patients.
Importance of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Detection in Female Renal Transplant Recipients in the First Year after Transplatation
Authors: Cistjakovs Maksims , Sultanova Alina , Jermakova Olga , Sokolovska Liba , Chapenko Svetlana , Lesina-Korne Baiba , Rozental Rafail , Murovska Modra , Ziedina Ieva
Published: December 2018

OBJECTIVES: Most of human papilomavirus (HPV) infections are “cleared” by the immune system, however, in cases of immune system suppression infections could lead to development of malignancies. The aim of this study was to find out the frequency of HR-HPV infection in early period after renal transplantation in Latvian recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy and to follow the progression of the infection up to one year. METHODS: 43 female renal recipients (median age of 48 IQR= 39-58) and 79 practically healthy female individuals (median age of 48 IQR= 42-57) as a control group were enrolled in this investigation. For the detection of HPV infection patients' samples (blood and vaginal swabs) where collected two weeks after transplantation with following collection of six months and one year. Different polymerase chain reactions for HR-HPV genomic sequences detection and commercial ELISA kit for detection of anti-HPV IgG antibodies were used. RESULTS: In this study we show that frequency rate of HR-HPV infection has increased by the one year after transplantation from early stage of immumosuppressive therapy (from 24% to 36%). Also increase of HR-HPV load was detected over the time, showing the highest median viral load at sixth month after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: From the obtained data follows that it is very important to carefully monitor patients receiving immunosuppression therapy on progression of HR-HPV. In the case of this viral infection presence, immunosuppressive therapy must be attentively adjusted to avoid the HR-HPV infection rapid progression with the subsequent development of CIN or cervical cancer.
Segmentation of Coffee Consumers Using Sustainable Values: Cluster Analysis
Authors: Maciejewski Grzegorz , Mokrysz Sylwia , Wróblewski Łukasz
Published: December 2018

The driving force behind adopting the idea of ​​sustainable development are producers and retailers. Unfortunately, when preparing their product range for consumers, many of them still only pay attention to the size of the customers’ earnings, how often they shop and how much they buy when shopping. In consumer segmentation, sustainable values ​​that consumers apply when making their purchasing decisions are rarely taken into account. The aim of this article is to show that values ​​such as environmental protection, the ethical behaviour of producers, fair trade or maximising the utility function of consumption are so important in the purchasing process in the coffee market that they can be used as segmentation variables. The Polish coffee market was selected to carry out segmentation taking into account the consumers' sustainable values. The main source of the article is the results of a standardized online survey conducted on a nationwide sample of 800 coffee consumers in July 2018. Multi-dimensional analyses such as extrapolative factor analysis (EFA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to describe the obtained results. As a result, six segments of coffee consumers were identified and described: “responsible, aspiring to be connoisseurs”, “loyal coffee enthusiasts”, “pragmatic users”, “coffee laypersons”, “sophisticated connoisseurs”, “consumerists, connoisseurs, but not at any price”. Among the identified segments, the sustainable consumption values ​​most often mentioned refer to "responsible, aspiring to be connoisseurs", and the least often - ”consumerists, connoisseurs, but not at any price”. The conclusions presented in the last part of the article may be used by manufacturing and trade enterprises, operating on the coffee market, in order to respond to the identified needs and expectations of consumers and by governmental and social organisations so as to determine the directions of pro-ecological education of consumers.
Tornadoes in South Africa: An Overview with a Case Study
Authors: Kimambo Offoro
Published: December 2018

This paper contributes to the understating of tornadoes in South Africa using case study analysis. In South Africa tornadoes are the recurring phenomenon (the climatology) but so far they have received less attention. Damages from storms itself (tornadoes inclusive) are significant in South Africa relative to other weather-related disasters for example floods, heat waves, and droughts. For their understanding, a case study approach was adopted in the current study. Data were in courtesy of the following, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Centers for Environmental Predictions (NCEP), Eumetsat Germany, and South African Weather Service (SAWS). The aim of the study was to provide an overview of the occurrence of tornadoes in South Africa using a Klerksdorp tornado, which occurred on March 4, 2007, Northwest Province in South Africa. From the case study analysis, the tornado was associated with the cold front and cut-off low (both are extratropical circulation) which were the dominant weather systems of the day. Therefore we conclude that, a case study approach may be the best way to study events of these nature for a more informed decision, for example, issuing an early warning system.  In future, case studies, for example, involving interaction between extratropical and tropical circulation will also be an interesting study.
Polymer Injectivity: Investigation of Mechanical Degradation of EOR Polymers Using In-Situ Rheology
Authors: Al-Shakry Badar , Skauge Tormod , Shaker Shiran Behruz , Skauge Arne
Published: December 2018

Water soluble polymers have gained an increasing interest in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes, especially as polymer flooding. Despite the fact that the flow of polymer in porous medium has been a research subject for many decades with numerous publications, there are still some research areas that need progress. The prediction of polymer injectivity remains elusive. Polymers with similar shear viscosity might have different in-situ rheological behaviors and may be exposed to different extent of mechanical degradation. Hence, determining polymer in-situ rheological behavior is of great significance for defining its utility. In this study, an investigation of rheological properties and mechanical degradation of different HPAM (partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide) polymers was performed using Bentheimer sandstone outcrop cores. Results show that, HPAM in-situ rheology is different from bulk rheology measured in rheometer. Specifically, shear thickening behavior occurs at high rates, and near-Newtonian behavior is measured at low rates in porous media. This deviates strongly from measurements in the rheometer. Polymer molecular weight and concentration influence its viscoelasticity and subsequently its flow characteristics in porous media. Exposure to mechanical degradation by flow at high rate through porous media leads to significant reduction in shear thickening and thereby improved injectivity. More importantly, the degraded polymer maintained in-situ viscosity at low flow rates indicating that improved injectivity can be achieved without compromising viscosity at reservoir flow rates. This is explained by reduction in viscoelasticity. Mechanical degradation also leads to reduced residual resistance factor (RRF), especially for high polymer concentrations. For some of the polymer injections, successive degradation (increased degradation with transport length in porous media) was observed. The results presented here may be used to optimize polymer injectivity.
Caspase-3 Mediated Cell Death in the Normal Development of the Mammalian Cerebellum
Authors: Lossi Laura , Castagna Claudia , Merighi Adalberto
Published: December 2018

Caspase-3, onto which there is a convergence of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, is the main executioner of apoptosis. We here review the current literature on the intervention of the protease in the execution of naturally occurring neuronal death (NOND) during cerebellar development. We will consider data on the most common altricial species (rat, mouse and rabbit), as well as humans. Among the different types of neurons and glia in cerebellum, there is ample evidence for an intervention of caspase-3 in the regulation of NOND of the post-mitotic cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) and Purkinje neurons as a consequence of failure to establish proper synaptic contacts with target (secondary cell death). It seems possible that also the GABAergic interneurons undergo a similar type of secondary cell death, but the intervention of caspase-3 in this case still remains to be clarified in full. Remarkably, CGCs also undergo primary cell death at the precursor/pre-migratory stage of differentiation, in this case without the intervention of caspase-3. Glial cells as well undergo a process of regulated cell death, but it seems possible that expression of caspase-3, at least in the Bergmann glia, is related to differentiation rather than death.
Monitoring HIV-1 Assembly in Living Cells: Insight from Dynamic and Single Molecule Microscopy
Authors: Inamdar Kaushik , Floderer Charlotte , Favard Cyril , Muriaux Delphine
Published: December 2018

HIV-1 assembly is a complex mechanism taking place at the plasma membrane of the host cell. It requires nice spatial and temporal coordination to end up with a full immature virus. Researchers have extensively studied HIV-1 assembly molecular mechanism during the past decades, in order to dissect the respective roles of viral proteins, viral genome and host cell factors. Nevertheless, the time course of the process has been observed in living cells only a decade ago. The very recent revolution of optical microscopy, combining high speed and high spatial resolution now permit to study assemblies and their consequences at the single molecule level within (living) cells. In this review, after a short description of these new approaches, we will show how HIV-1 assembly in cells has been revisited using these advanced super resolution microscopy techniques and how much it could make a bridge in studying assembly from the single molecule to the host cell.
Gender Gap pada Tingkat Partisipasi Kerja di Provinsi DKI Jakarta
Authors: Anas Azwar , Damayanti Maria Goreti Arie
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan dekomposisi pada tingkat partisipasi kerja untuk menjelaskan gender gap di Provinsi DKI Jakarta pada tiga periode yaitu 1995, 2005, dan 2015. Determinan tingkat partisipasi kerja laki-laki dan perempuan diestimasi menggunakan metode probit dan marginal efek sedangkan untuk menganalisis sumber gender gap digunakan teknik dekomposisi non linear. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan penyebab utama gender gap tingkat partisipasi kerja berasal dari faktor-faktor struktural di pasar tenaga kerja (diskriminasi). Nilai gender gap dalam 20 tahun semakin mengecil, pada tahun 1995, 2005, dan 2015 nilainya sebesar 40,82%; 39,17%; dan 29,34%, ini menunjukkan tingkat diskriminasi di Jakarta semakin berkurang.
A solidariedade como política constitucional de efetivação dos direitos humanos
Authors: Meleu Marcelino , Thaines Aleteia Hummes
Published: December 2018

A solidariedade, na perspectiva de Alain Supiot, pode contribuir para a efetivação dos Direitos Humanos na contemporaneidade - porquanto representa conjuntamente crédito e débito -, em sendo considerada como política constitucional. O conceito moderno de solidariedade, forjada para uma tipologia de formas de sociabilidade, ganhou alguma independência diante da cultura legal que ela nasceu, deixa de se confundir com caridade para contrapor uma lógica de mercado. Ocorre que com o advento da globalização e a evidência de efeitos negativos ligadas a esta, de desconstrução dos direitos humanos, urge a revisitação do conceito de solidariedade de modo a aferir responsabilidades que podem auxiliar para superar a utopia de um mundo governado por cálculo, auxiliando uma pacífica convivência social mundializada, especialmente por meio de políticas constitucionais. O aprofundamento teórico do estudo baseou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando-se o método sistêmico, preconizado por Niklas Luhmann, que pretende descrever os sistemas (aberto e fechado) e sua relação com o ambiente. Percebeu-se que elevar a solidariedade, na concepção dual crédito/débito ao status de política constitucional, tende a afastar situações de desrespeito aos direitos fundamentais, efetivando assim premissas de Direitos Humanos.
Efectos de las diferentes actividades en medio acuático sobre la población con problemas respiratorios
Authors:   Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Aguado Ivorra Pablo , Romero Rodríguez Iván Manuel , Vera Ortuño Francisco , Gil Escolano Guillermo , Llorca Gómez Alberto , Botella Montoya Jorge
Published: December 2018

Antecedentes: La realización de esta revisión se fundamenta en una serie de hechos previos los cuales nos impulsan a trabajar con la población que padece problemas respiratorios, con la principal intención de solucionarlos. Hoy en día, sabemos que las personas con problemas respiratorios tienen una mayor tasa de muerte y una menor calidad de vida que la gente sana. Además, es una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel europeo (Eurostat) y sabemos que está aumentando el número de casos cada vez más y más (INE, 2015), adquiriendo una gran importancia el estudio de este tipo de población. Objetivos: Determinar si los problemas respiratorios son un limitador de la actividad física y observar y comparar los efectos de los programas de actividad física en medio acuático. Método: Comparación de diferentes estudios recientes, en los cuales, se trata con población asmática, rinitis alérgica y lesión medular realizando una determinada intervención en el medio acuático para analizar los diferentes efectos sobre las variables respiratorias. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos nos indican que la aplicación de determinados programas de actividades acuáticas, no van a producir efectos negativos sobre la población asmática, incluso en ciertos casos se llega a obtener beneficios respecto a programas en el medio terrestre. Conclusiones: Podemos concluir que aparece la necesidad de incluir a esta población en la práctica de actividad física, tanto para la mejora de su salud como para una mayor facilidad de desarrollar actividades básicas de su vida cotidiana.
Implikasi Pariwisata Syariah Terhadap Peningkatan Pendapatan dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Authors: Ramadhany Fitratun , Ridlwan Ahmad Ajib
Published: December 2018

Abstract: Tourism is one of the sectors that contribute in improving the economy of a country. Currently, tourism is becoming a trend of sharia tourism in which its operation in accordance with Islamic sharia. The existence of a new sector of sharia tourism is expected to have an impact on the increase in income and welfare of the community. The level of people's welfare is measured by how much income levels are earned. This study aims to determine the impact of the existence of Islamic tourism to increase income and welfare of society in Lombok by using qualitative research methods. From the results of research conducted in the Department of Tourism and tourist sites by using three techniques of data collection that is observation, interviews, and documentation can be concluded that overall Islamic tourism has a positive impact on the increase of income society and affect the welfare of the community it self.Abstrak: Pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor yang berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan perekonomian suatu negara. Saat ini pariwisata yang tengah menjadi tren yaitu pariwisata syariah yang mana pengoperasiannya sesuai dengan syariah islam. Adanya sektor baru yaitu pariwisata syariah diharapkan akan berimplikasi terhadap peningkatan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat diukur dari seberapa besar tingkat pendapatan yang diperoleh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implikasi dari adanya pariwisata syariah terhadap peningkatan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Lombok dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Dinas Pariwisata dan lokasi wisata dengan menggunakan tiga teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan pariwisata syariah memiliki implikasi yang positif terhadap meningkatnya pendapatan masyarakat dan berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat itu sendiri.
Multiphase mesh-free particle modeling of local sediment scouring with μ(I) rheology
Authors: Nodoushan Ehsan Jafari , Shakibaeinia Ahmad
Published: December 2018

Sediment scouring is a common example of highly dynamic sediment transport. Considering its complexities, the accurate prediction of such a highly dynamic multiphase granular flow system is a challenge for the traditional numerical techniques that rely on a mesh system. The mesh-free particle methods are a newer generation of numerical techniques with an inherent ability to deal with the deformations and fragmentations of a multiphase continuum. This study aims at developing and evaluating a multiphase mesh-free particle model based on the weakly compressible moving particle semi-implicit (WC-MPS) formulation for simulation of sediment scouring. The sediment material is considered as a non-Newtonian viscoplastic fluid, whose behavior is predicted using a regularized μ(I) rheological model in combination with pressure-dependent yield criteria. The model is first validated for a benchmark problem of viscoplastic Poiseuille flow. It is then applied and evaluated for the study of two classical sediment scouring cases. The results show that the high-velocity flow currents and the circulations can create a low-viscosity region on the surface of the sediment continuum. Comparing the numerical results with the experimental measurements shows a good accuracy in prediction of the sediment profile, especially the shape and dimensions of the scour hole.
Discovery of Dengue Virus Inhibitors
Authors: Abdullah Adib Afandi , Lee Yean Kee , Chin Sek Peng , Lim See Khai , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Othman Rozana , Othman Shatrah , Rahman Noorsaadah Abdul , Yusof Rohana , Heh Choon Han
Published: December 2018

To date, there is still no approved anti-dengue agent to treat dengue infection in the market.
Although the only licensed dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia is available, its protective efficacy
against serotypes 1 and 2 of dengue virus was reported to be lower than serotypes 3 and 4. Moreover,
according to WHO, the risk of being hospitalized and having severe dengue increased in seronegative
individuals after they received Dengvaxia vaccination. Nevertheless, various studies had
been carried out in search of dengue virus inhibitors. These studies focused on the structural (C,
prM, E) and non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5) of dengue
virus as well as host factors as drug targets. Hence, this article provides an overall up-to-date review
of the discovery of dengue virus inhibitors that are only targeting the structural and non-structural
viral proteins as drug targets.
Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Facilitated by π-Complexed Organometallic Auxiliaries: An Overview
Authors: Roy Animesh , Bhat Bilal A. , Lepore Salvatore D.
Published: December 2018

Organometallic moieties attached to substrates via π-complexation play an important role as
auxiliaries. As described in the present review, η-linked auxiliaries have been employed to overcome
numerous synthesis obstacles that continue to present significant challenges for catalyzed reactions.
This has been particularly true in carbon-carbon bond forming reactions involving highly unsaturated
systems such as arenes, dienes and allenes, which are emphasized here.
Uncatalyzed Synthesis of New Antibacterial Bisarylidene Meldrum's Acid Derivatives Functionalized with Ether Groups
Authors: Moosazadeh Elham , Sheikhhosseini Enayatollah , Ghazanfari Dadkhoda , Soltaninejad Shahla
Published: December 2018

A series of new bisarylidene Meldrum’s acid derivatives (3a-i) were prepared in high yield by a condensation reaction between Meldrum's acid and ether functionalized dibenzaldehyde, without any catalyst. Regardless of the nature of the substitution, all the reactions were completed within 2-3 hours in ethanol at reflux condition. In the reactions, the column purification of the products was not needed. The FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectra confirm the structure of the products. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of some synthesized compounds were investigated. According to the results, these compounds showed good activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
p53-Mediated Anticancer Activity of Citrullus colocynthis Extracts
Authors: Joshi Gaurav , Kaur Jatinder , Sharma Praveen , Kaur Gurpreet , Bhandari Yuvraj , Kumar Raj , Singh Sandeep
Published: December 2018

Background:

Current anticancer therapeutics comes with significant side effects and thus
focus is shifting towards minimizing the side effects or to avoid the disease altogether. Thus, various
natural products are being investigated for their potential therapeutic values which can be easily included
in daily diet of a person. Citrullus colocynthis (L.) fruit is commonly used in traditional medicines
and is known to have antioxidant effects, thus may possess potent anticancer activity as well.

Objectives:

To establish the anticancer potential of fruit belonging to Citrullus colocynthis (L.) and
delineate the potential targets.

Results:

In the present study it was found that seed and pulp extracts of the fruit are effective against
various cancer cell lines while the normal cells, with lower rate of division, remain largely unaffected.
The current study for the first time shows that these extracts function via regulation of p53
pathways and the mode of apoptosis is mostly via mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway. The biological
profiling of the extracts was also validated using molecular modelling studies utilizing the two major
polyphenols constituents from colocynths i.e., Isoorientin and Isovitexin.

Conclusion:

The study suggested that the constituent has a multiple target approach for the inhibition
of cancer cell proliferation and inhibition of ROS production via the major apoptotic proteins.
All of these outcomes suggest and establish a critical role of ROS accumulation and mitochondrial
function in the p53-dependent cell.
Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adolescents with Complex Clinical Presentations: A Montreal Case Series
Authors: Garel Nicolas , Garel Patricia
Published: December 2018

Background:

Despite increased attention and recognition of autism spectrum
disorders, many patients suffering from these disorders remain undiagnosed or are diagnosed
late due to their subtle clinical presentation. The challenge for clinicians working in the field
of mental health is not in screening and diagnosing young children showing typical signs of
autism spectrum disorders, but rather in identifying patients at the high-functioning end of
the spectrum whose intellectual abilities mask their social deficits.

Objective:

Because therapeutic interventions differ radically once the diagnosis of ASD has
been made, it is important to understand the trajectory of those adolescents and identify clues
that could help raise the diagnosis of ASD earlier.

Methods:

Records of eight adolescents with a late diagnosis of ASD were retrospectively
reviewed to identify relevant clinical features that were overlooked in childhood and early
adolescence.

Results:

The patients were previously misdiagnosed with multiple mental health disorders.
These cases showed striking similarities in terms of developmental history, reasons for
misdiagnosis, and the clinical picture at the time of ASD recognition. The cases were
characterized by complex and fluctuating symptomatology, including depression, anxiety,
behavioural problems, self-injurious behaviour and suicidal thoughts. Their Autism
Spectrum Disorder (ASD) went previously undiagnosed due to the individual’s intelligence
and learning abilities, which masked their social deficits and developmental irregularities.
Signs of ASD were continuously present since childhood in all the eight cases. Once the
developmental histories and the psychiatric evaluation of these adolescents were done by
psychiatrists with appropriate knowledge of autism, the diagnosis of ASD was made.

Conclusion:

The ASD hypothesis should be raised in the presence of confusing symptoms
that do not respond to usual treatment and are accompanied by an irregular developmental
background. It is indeed a difficult diagnosis to make; however, the focused clinician can
note subtle signs of ASD despite the intellectual learning of social codes. Family history,
developmental irregularities, rigidity, difficulty in spontaneously understanding emotions,
discomfort in groups and the need to be alone are significant indicators to recognize. Once
the diagnosis has been considered, it must be confirmed or rejected by an experienced
multidisciplinary team. The challenge for clinicians working in the field of mental health is
not in screening and diagnosing young children showing typical signs of ASD, but rather in
identifying patients who are at high-functioning end of the spectrum whose intellectual
abilities mask their social deficits.