bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment over Four Decades the Status of White Grouper Population in the Eastern Central Atlantic
Authors: Habib Beyah Meissa
Published: December 2024

The Senegalese and Mauritanian fisheries exploit the same white grouper species but have relatively different exploitation histories. In Senegal, the white grouper fishery is very old (since the 1970s), while it is relatively recent in Mauritania. Nevertheless, mainly for practical reasons, all attempts to assess the status of the stock have, until recently, been conducted at national scale. For the assessment and management of the white grouper stock, we assumed a single stock in the two countries, like the FAO CECAF North working group. This work is so based on a large compilation of the data available in the databases of the two countries in addition to the collection of new data within the framework of the European DEMERSTEM/PESCAO project. Two models are using to establish a reliable diagnosis of the state of this resource in addition to a spatial analysis to determine the areas most affected by fishing. The results obtained, at the scale of the two countries, show a severe overexploitation of biomass is revealed by the Bayesian biomass production surplus model (JABBA). Stock status indicators show a state of overfishing (B/Bmsy=0.24) with high fishing mortality (F/Fmsy=7.7). Overall, the trajectory of the state of the stock illustrated by the Kobe figure indicates an overexploitation of the biomass of the white grouper stock since the 90s except that the fishing pressure has never been as high as its level over the recent period 2016 -2018. This species is particularly targeted by the different artisanal gears, unfortunately, apart from the measures edited in the fishing code (first catch size of 30 cm TL), there is no management of this resource by TACs or quotas and the fishing effort is slowly monitored. However, given its market value, White grouper is increasingly sought after, which explains the unprecedented level of fishing mortality during the last decade.
Energy-Based Adaptive Control for Variable Rope Length Double-Pendulum Ship-Borne Cranes: A Disturbance Rejection Stabilization Controller Without Overshoot
Authors: Zhong Ken , Qian Yuzhe , Chen He , Wu Shujie
Published: December 2024

The operation process of the double-pendulum ship-borne cranes with variable rope length is frequently quite complex, with numerous unpredictable circumstances, such as the swing of the load and external environmental interference, which will undoubtedly make the analysis of the swing characteristics of the system and the controller design more difficult. On this basis, an active disturbance rejection controller based on energy coupling method is proposed to inhibit the double-pendulum swing angles. Firstly, the energy function of the system is constructed by analyzing the dynamic model of the system, and then an adaptive control method is designed by analyzing the energy function of the system. In addition, an overshoot limit term and an anti-swing term are added to limit the overshoot and the swing of underactuated parts of the system. Then, the stability of the closed loop system is strictly proved by using Lyapunov analysis method. Finally, the simulation and experiment results indicate that the proposed controller ensures accurate positioning of the jib and rope length without overshoot. Additionally, it effectively reduces the double-pendulum swing angles when there is external interference such as waves, demonstrating strong robustness.
A Structurally Flexible Occupancy Network for 3-D Target Reconstruction from 2-D SAR Images
Authors: Yu Lingjuan , Liu Jianlong , Liang Miaomiao , Yu Xiangchun , Xie Xiaochun , Bi Hui , Hong Wen
Published: December 2024

Driven by deep learning, three-dimensional (3-D) target reconstruction from two-dimensional (2-D) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images has been developed. However, there is still room for improvement in the reconstruction quality. In this paper, we propose a structurally flexible occupancy network (SFONet) to achieve high-quality reconstruction of a 3-D target from one or more 2-D SAR images. The SFONet consists of a basic network and a pluggable module that allows it to switch between two input modes: one azimuthal image and multiple azimuthal images. Furthermore, the pluggable module is designed to include a complex-valued (CV) long short-term memory (LSTM) submodule and a CV attention submodule, where the former extracts structural features of the target from multiple azimuthal SAR images, and the latter fuses these features. When two input modes coexist, we also propose a two-stage training strategy. The basic network is trained in the first stage using one azimuthal SAR image as the input. In the second stage, the basic network trained in the first stage is fixed, and only the pluggable module is trained using multiple azimuthal SAR images as the input. Finally, we construct an experimental dataset containing 2-D SAR images and 3-D ground truth by utilizing the publicly available Gotcha echo dataset. Experimental results show that once the SFONet is trained, a 3-D target can be reconstructed from one or more azimuthal images, and it has higher quality than other deep learning-based 3-D reconstruction methods. Besides, when the composition of a training sample is reasonable, the number of samples required for the SFONet training can be reduced.
Genomics Unravels Passion Fruit Viral Disease Complexity in Kenya
Authors: Munguti Florence , Nyaboga Evans , Holton Timothy , Kreuze Jan , Maina Solomon
Published: December 2024

Passion fruit virus diseases (PWDs) pose a significant threat to Kenya's passion fruit industry. To unravel the complexity of these diseases, comprehensive virus surveys were conducted across major passion fruit-growing counties. PWD symptoms like fruit hardening, chlorotic mottling, and leaf distortion, were prevalent. The study unveiled the first 23 complete genomes of Ugandan Passiflora virus (UPV) and two East Asian Passiflora distortion virus (EAPDV) in Kenya. UPV showed 99% nucleotide (nt) match to a UPV genome from Uganda and 66% nt identity match to EAPDV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct lineages (I-III), indicating potential multiple introductions into Kenya. Recombination analysis detected no significant breakpoints. However, the study proposed the renaming of EAPDV to passiflora distortion virus (PDV) and UPV to passiflora virus (PV) for neutral nomenclature. Additionally, the study highlighted the role of coinfections in symptom expression, suggesting a synergistic relationship between UPV, EAPDV (PDV), and other viruses. The results recommend for stringent management strategies and enhanced surveillance to mitigate the economic impact of these viruses to Kenyan passion fruit industry. Overall, the study highlights, need to strengthen phytosanitary measures and border surveillance to safeguard Kenya's agriculture from the threat of emerging plant viral diseases.
DNA Repair Capacity and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Puerto Rican Hispanic/Latino Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Matta Jaime , Ortiz-Sanchez Carmen , Encarnacion-Medina Jarline , Torres-Caraballo Stephanie , Oliveras Jose , Park Jong , Arroyo Monica , Ruiz-Deya Gilberto
Published: December 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts for 22% of the new cases diagnosed in Hispanic/Latino (H/L) men in the US. PCa has the highest incidence (38.3%) and mortality (16.4%) among all types of cancer diagnosed in Puerto Rico. We previously showed that PCa patients (n=41) have a significant reduction of 59% in their levels of DNA repair capacity (DRC) when compared to controls (n=14). This study aimed to evaluate DRC levels through the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway for the first time in 16 Puerto Rican H/L men with metastatic castrate-resistant PCa (mCRPCa) while establishing comparisons with controls and PCa patients with indolent and aggressive disease. Blood samples and clinicopathological data from PCa cases (n=71) and controls (n=25) were evaluated. PCa cases were stratified into mCRPCa (n=16), aggressive (n=31), and indolent (n=24). DRC levels through NER were measured in lymphocytes with the CometChip assay. The stratification by Gleason Score (GS) was: GS6 (n=7), GS7 (n=23), GS≥8 (n=20), and mCRPCa patients (n=16). Significant statistical differences were found when comparing the DRC values of the controls with any other of the four PCa patient groups. mCRPCa patients had the lowest mean DRC level of all four patient groups studied. The mean DRC level of mCRPCa patients was 6.65%, and compared to the controls, this represented a statistically significant reduction of 62% (p<0.0001). Further analysis was performed to evaluate the contributions of age, anthropometric measurements, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels to the DRC. Kaplan-Meier curves of mCRPCa revealed that survival probability decreased by approximately 50% by 30 months. This pilot study uses a blood-based phenotypic assay to present the first report of mCRPCa in Puerto Rican men and at a global level of DRC levels of mCRPCa patients.
Title Study on Long-Distance Electric Mobility on a Multinational Route
Authors: Pencheva Velizara , Asenov Asen , Kulev Mladen
Published: December 2024

This study examines the challenges of traveling with an electric vehicle (EV) over a distance exceeding 2,000 km from Bulgaria to France. A specific methodology was developed for the study, through which a route and an EV were selected. The findings indicate an average energy consumption of approximately 0.18 kWh/km when carrying a load of about 240 kg. The research highlighted various challenges faced by electric vehicle drivers, such as identifying charging infrastructure and managing charging processes. As a result of the research, solutions aimed at enhancing the charging conditions for electric vehicles and mitigating driver uncertainty are proposed.
Giant Intracardiac Thrombus Secondary to Central Venous Catheter in Neonates. About Two Cases and review of the Bibliography
Authors: Preciado-Eguía María F. , Venzor-Pérez Isaura G. , Jiménez- Báez Maria Valeria
Published: December 2024

Catheter implantation is the main cause of neonatal thrombosis. We present two cases of neonatal intracardiac thrombus associated with central venous catheters, each managed with different therapeutic approaches based on specific risk factors. In the first case, a large intracardiac thrombus, secondary to an umbilical venous catheter, was successfully treated with low molecular-weight heparin and antiplatelet therapy. In contrast, the second case, despite resolution with alteplase and heparin infusion, demonstrated thrombus recurrence despite catheter replacement and ongoing anticoagulation therapy. Currently, no standardized treatment guidelines exist for neonatal thrombosis.
The Economics of Organic Farming: Financial Aspects and Market Trends
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Juyal Rachna , Nautiyal Mansi
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses organic farming economics, focusing on its growth and challenges. Since the 1960s, when the green revolution began, the utilization of pesticides and chemical fertilizers has Enhanced agricultural productivity, but this has come at a significant environmental cost. Increasing consumer Awareness of the benefits of organic farming for sustainability and health have made it more in demand. However, changing to organic practices faces challenges, especially in densely populated areas, where the urgency of food security is stronger. While organically farmed land may have fewer yields at the beginning, it offers long-term environmental benefits such as stronger soil health, biodiversity, and reduced carbon emissions. Despite low awareness about organic produce and the high cost of certification, the Indian organic food market has seen tremendous growth both within and outside of India as well. This paper concludes by describing the government's programs for supporting organic agriculture, which include the PKVY and providing financing, as well as promoting traditional methods and market access. The study also examines the market, farmers' perceptions of organic farming practices, and a comparison of conventional and organic systems. The performance of organic farming in the country will become even more sustainable if it overcomes the problems such as lower yields, lack of regulations for domestic markets, and shortage of organic seeds.
A New Perspective on the Fine-Structure Constant: Insights from the π/γ Ratio and Electron Dynamics
Authors: Roopkom Ittipat , Wisartpong Pichet , Jongchanachavawat Wirote , Stout Beverly , Mayteevarunyoo Thawatchai , Wardkein Paramote
Published: December 2024

The fine-structure constant, α, is a fundamental constant central to electromagnetic interaction strength and the behavior of atomic systems. Despite extensive study, the origin of α remains an open question. This paper explores a new approach by examining the connection between α, the electron’s anomalous magnetic moment, and the ratio π/γ, where γ is a relativistic Lorentz factor. Specifically, we propose that α may arise from the electron’s rotational dynamics at near-light speeds, represented by γ ≈ 430. The electron’s anomalous magnetic moment reflects deviations from Dirac’s predictions, influenced by higher-order quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections due to virtual photon exchanges and electron spin interactions. These interactions alter the electron’s magnetic moment, giving rise to a slight discrepancy from the g-factor value of 2. By expressing α as the ratio π/γ, we investigate whether this relationship captures both the fine-structure constant’s specific value and the QED corrections underlying the anomalous magnetic moment. Our findings suggest that α could be interpreted as a dimensionless outcome of electron spin and relativistic effects, with π/γ potentially explaining the approximate value of α as 1/137. This perspective proposes a unifying framework in which α emerges from intrinsic electron properties and relativistic corrections, linking quantum mechanics with special relativity. This approach may enhance our understanding of α and its role across fundamental physics, offering insight into the constants that govern particle interactions.
Environmental Applications of Mass Spectrometry for Emerging Contaminants
Authors: Meher Anil Kumar , Zarouri Akli
Published: December 2024

Emerging contaminants (ECs), encompassing pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, represent a growing threat to ecosystems and human health due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and often-unknown toxicological profiles. Addressing these challenges necessitates advanced analytical tools capable of detecting and quantifying trace levels of ECs in complex environmental matrices. This review highlights the pivotal role of mass spectrometry (MS) in monitoring ECs, emphasizing its high sensitivity, specificity, and versatility across various techniques such as Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HR-MS). The application of MS has facilitated the real-time detection of volatile organic compounds, comprehensive non-targeted screening of unknown contaminants, and accurate quantification in diverse matrices including water, soil, and air. Despite its effectiveness, challenges such as matrix interferences, lack of standardized methodologies, and limited spectral libraries persist. However, recent advancements, including hybrid MS systems and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), are paving the way for more efficient environmental monitoring and predictive modeling of contaminant behavior. Continued innovation in MS technologies and collaborative efforts are essential to overcome existing challenges and ensure sustainable solutions for mitigating the risks associated with emerging contaminants.
Model of Ectomycorrhiza Contribution in Forest Soil C and N Dynamics in a Frame of System of Models EFIMOD3
Authors: Chertov Oleg , Frolov Pavel , Shanin Vladimir , Priputina Irina , Bykhovets Sergey , Geraskina Anna
Published: December 2024

Mycorrhizal symbiosis has been the focus of research for more than a century due to the positive effect of fungi on the growth of the majority of woody plants. Extramatrical mycelium (EMM) of ectomycorrhiza (EMR) reaches one third of the total soil microbial biomass, and litter from this short-living pool represents 60% of the total litterfall mass in forest ecosystems. The functioning of EMR improves the nitrogen nutrition of trees and thus contributes to the carbon balance of forest soils. The model presented here is an attempt to describe these EMR functions quantitatively. It calculates the growth of EMM, and the subsequent “mining” of additional nitrogen from recalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM) for EMR growth, with the associated formation of “dissolved soil carbon”. The decomposition of EMM litter is carried out by all organisms in the soil food webs, forming available NH4+ in the first phase, and then solid-phase by-products (excretes) as a new labile SOM pool. These substances are the feedback that determines the positive role of the EMR symbiosis for forest vegetation. The sensitivity analysis revealed a leading role of the C:N ratio of biotic components in the dynamics of EMM. The model validation showed a satisfactory agreement between simulated and observed data in relation to EMM respiration in larch forest plantations of different ages. The model testing within the EFIMOD3 model system allowed a quantitative evaluation of the contribution of different components in forest soil and ecosystem respiration. The validation and testing of this model demonstrated the adequacy of the theoretical background used in this model, with a fast EMM decomposition cycle by all soil biota of food webs, and without direct resource exchange between plants and fungi.
Spectrum of Ixodidae Ticks Attacking Humans in Russian Siberia and Their Association with Tick-Borne Bacterial Agents
Authors: Rar Vera , Chicherina Galina , Igolkina Yana , Fedorets Valeria , Epikhina Tamara , Tikunova Nina
Published: December 2024

Spectrum of ixodid ticks that bite people in Western Siberia significantly changed over the past two decades. In this study, we determined tick species attacking people in surroundings of Novosibirsk and the range of bacterial agents they infected with. This study included 301 ticks taken from people and 46% were Ixodes pavlovsky, followed by Ixodes persulcatus (19.6%), I. persulcatus / I. pavlovskyi interspecies hybrids (19.6%), and Dermacentor reticulatus (12.8%). Human DNA was determined in ticks, first demonstrating that all these tick species, including hybrids, were able effectively feed on humans. DNA of Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasmatacreae bacteria was detected in different tick species. Borrelia garinii prevailed in Ixodes species, being found in 8.8% ticks, whereas B. afzelii and B. bavariensis were found in single ticks. Borrelia miyamotoi was revealed in 3.7% ticks. Among Rickettsia spp., “Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae” and R. raoultii were identified mainly in I. persulcatus and D reticulatus (44.8% and 26.3%, respectively), whereas Rickettsia helvetica was found only in 2.2% I. pavlovsky. The prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia muris and Neoehrlichia mikurensis did not exceed 2%. The obtained results indicate a high risk for humans to be infected with agents of Lyme borreliosis, primarily B. garinii.
Microbiological Risk Assessment of Water and Fish-Related Foodborne Pathogens: A Comprehensive Case Study in the Danube Delta
Authors: Gati Gabriel , Gurzau Anca , Pall Emoke , Vasiu Aurel , Spînu Marina
Published: December 2024

Microbiological risk assessment is vital for identifying and mitigating health hazards associated with microbial contaminants in water and food. This study conducts a comprehensive microbiological risk assessment in Sfântu Gheorghe town, focusing on water and fish-based food sources. The assessment involves the identification and characterization of microbial hazards pose by Vibrio spp. and E. coli contamination, exploring the dose-response relationship, and dynamic evaluations of exposure pathways. In assessing water-related risks, ten strategic sampling points were selected seasonally over eight seasons. Pathogenic occurrences were quantified, and microbial species were evaluated based on survival duration, multiplication potential, and susceptibility to regional meteorological phenomena. Fish-related risks were analysed from capture to primary preparation, addressing contact with untreated water and fish-based food consumption. Qualitative assessments of zoonotic risk, infectivity, and potential to cause foodborne intoxications comprise into a risk score classification. Spatial interpolation methods delineate areas of interest based on frequent contamination observations. The study highlights the necessity for comprehensive studies integrating static and dynamic methodologies to comprehend potential health threats associated with water and fish-based food consumption. The findings underscore the importance of informed policies and interventions for safeguarding public health in the Danube Delta region.
Novel EVI5::BRAF Gene Fusion in Infantile Fibrosarcoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Gonzalez-Lopez Judith , Rubio-Martínez Luis Alberto , Atarés Miryam , Amaya Jose Vicente , Huart Maria Carmen , Mayordomo Empar , Giner Francisco
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Infantile fibrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of fibroblastic origin, typical in early childhood, locally aggressive, and characterized by molecular alterations that activate tyrosine kinase signaling, primarily the ETV6::NTRK3 fusion. In recent years, a series of fusions different from the classic one have been described, including NTRK1, RAF1, and BRAF. In this paper, we present a case of IFS with a novel EVI5::BRAF fusion. Methods: We received a humeral surgical resection specimen. After macroscopic carving, tumor samples were collected, processed, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Various immunohistochemical and molecular techniques were applied to sections of the non-decalcified tumor. Results: We observed a spindle cell neoplasm growing in intertwined fascicles within a fibrous stroma, without the formation of immature osteoid matrix. Weak and focal immunoreactivity for S100 was observed. SATB2 exhibited diffuse and intense staining, with focal expression of osteonectin and negativity for caldesmon, smooth muscle actin, desmin, GFAP, SOX10, MelanA, panTRK, and HMB45. The Ki67 index was 7%, and the tumor harbored an EVI5::BRAF genetic fusion. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, the EVI5::BRAF fusion has not yet been described in BRAF fusions in IFS. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to define the prognostic features of these emerging BRAF sarcomas.
Curly Hair From Genes (GWAS) to Functional Genomics: Wnt-Secreting and -Receiving Macrophages Orchestrate Hair Types. A Hypothesis with Functional Implications
Authors: Al Jasim Nedaa
Published: December 2024

Curly hair is a genetic trait that is controlled by major developmental programs. A curly hair genomewide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered evidence suggesting that hair curl variation is very complex, where many genes are involved, each having a modest effect on hair curl. The adult hair cycle retains an element of developmental dynamics reflected in the crosstalk between the mesenchymal and epithelial elements, so each time a hair follicle goes through rebirth in the hair cycle, all the factors that govern the curl must be re-established. The developmental genes involved in shaping hair curl include trichohyalin, EDAR and WNT10a. Wnt10a is a preserved development gene associated with hair morphology and cycling, with a family of 19 Wnt ligands that bind 10 receptors. Different combinational types between Wnt ligands and receptors determines the distinct downstream pathways directing cell function. Now, it is time to move from GWAS to functional genomics to identify in which physiologic contexts this regulation occurs and investigate what tissues and cell types are involved. In this hypothesis I am proposing that macrophages are the one relevant cell type that regulate perifollicular Wnt gene activity! Macrophages are resident in the perifollicular dermal sheath of the hair follicle; it secretes and receive Wnt; recruited in early embryonic development by Wnt ligands, that first crosstalk! also recruited by mechanical cues that we propose to be generated by a convoluted dermo-epidermal junction in an African skin that has triple the length of a Caucasian skin. Macrophage-secreted Wnt is orchestrating the aesthetic function of the follicle and shape the curly hair shaft. This hypothesis is answering questions about when, what and how Wnt gene activation can shape the curly hair types. Further studies of the diversity of macrophage ligand(s)-receptor(s) interactions with the HFSC to determine hair shape diversity needs collaboration with AI specialists using available software like Interactome and Volcano plot.
Fundamentals and Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels and Their Applications: A Review
Authors: Protsak Iryna S. , Morozov Yevhenii M.
Published: December 2024

This review summarizes the fundamental concepts, recent advancements, and emerging trends in the field of stimuli-responsive hydrogels. While numerous reviews exist on this topic, the field continues to evolve dynamically, and certain research directions are often overlooked. To address this, we classify stimuli-responsive hydrogels based on their response mechanisms and provide an in-depth discussion of key properties and mechanisms, including swelling kinetics, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility/biodegradability. We then explore hydrogel design, synthesis, and structural engineering, followed by an overview of applications that are relatively well-established from a scientific perspective, including biomedical uses (biosensing, drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering), environmental applications (heavy metal and phosphate removal from the environment and polluted water), and soft robotics and actuation. Additionally, we highlight emerging and unconventional applications such as local micro-thermometers and cell mechanotransduction. The review concludes with a discussion of current challenges and future prospects in the field, aiming to inspire further innovations and advancements in stimuli-responsive hydrogel research and applications to bring them closer to the societal needs.
Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis Complete Genome Classification System: An Updated Analysis
Authors: Díaz Alarcón Ricardo Gabriel , Salvatierra Karina , Gómez Quintero Emiliano , Liotta Domingo Javier , Parreño Viviana , Miño Samuel Orlando
Published: December 2024

Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis are the major causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in both children under the age of 5 and young mammals and birds globally. RVAs are non-enveloped viruses with a genome comprising 11 double-stranded RNA segments. In 2008, the Rotavirus Classification Working Group pioneered a comprehensive and complete RVA genome classification system, establishing specific threshold, which measure the genetic distances between homologous genes. The aim of this study was to perform an updated systematic analysis of the genetic variability across all RVA genes. Our investigation involved assessing established cutoff values for each RVA genome segment and determine the need for any updates. To achieve this objective, multiple sequence alignments were constructed for all 11 genes and one for each genotype with discrepancies. Also, pairwise distances along with cutoff values were evaluated. The analyses provided insights into the current relevance of cutoff values, which remain applicable for the majority of genotypes. In conclusion, this study fortifies the current classification system by highlighting its robustness and accurate genotyping of Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis.
The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship between Student Outcomes and Principal Behavior
Authors: Papadakis Stamatios , Özdoğru Mehmet , Karakose Turgut , Tülübaş Tijen , Kanadlı Sedat , Kardas Abdurrahman
Published: December 2024

Principal behaviors affect the improvement of school outcomes significantly not only by providing psychological and professional support for teachers but also by facilitating a positive learning environment at school. This has cultivated both policy and research interest in understanding how principals’ leadership behaviors can leverage student outcomes both directly and indirectly through teachers. In this quest, three leadership models have become prominent due to their close relation to classroom instruction and learning: instructional, transformational, and distributed leadership. The current study aims to reveal the causal relationships between these leadership behaviors of principals and student outcomes as well as assessing the mediating effect of teacher self-efficacy on this relationship. Utilizing meta-analytic structural equation modelling (MASEM) methodology, the study analyzes data from prior studies to offer a more comprehensive and holistic analysis of the complex relationships between the variables. The analysis of data from 90 studies and 499.335 participants in total showed that all three leadership behaviors affected student outcomes both directly and indirectly through teacher self-efficacy. They also had a moderate direct influence on teacher self-efficacy while teacher self-efficacy had a moderate effect on student outcomes. These results reiterate the significance of principal leadership behaviors to facilitate student outcomes and suggest that the integrated practice of leadership in accordance with contextual requirements could leverage the effectiveness and improvement of schools.
Characterizing Metabolic Shifts in Septic Murine Kidney Tissue Using 2P-FLIM for Early Sepsis Detection
Authors: Greiner Stella , Ebrahimi Mahyasadat , Rodewald Marko , Urbanek Annett , Meyer-Zedler Tobias , Schmitt Michael , Neugebauer Ute , Popp Jürgen
Published: December 2024

In this study, mouse kidney thin sections from healthy mice and those infected leading to acute and chronic sepsis were examined by two-photon excited fluorescence lifetime imaging (2P-FLIM) using the endogenous fluorescent coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The results presented show that this approach is a powerful tool for investigating cell metabolism in thin tissue sections. An adapted measurement routine was established for these samples by performing a spectral scan, identifying a combination of two excitation wavelengths and two detection ranges suitable for detailed scan images of NADH and FAD. Selected positions in thin slices of the renal cortex of nine mice (three healthy, three with chronic sepsis and three with acute sepsis) were studied using 2P-FLIM. In addition, overview images were obtained using two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) intensity. This study shows that healthy kidney slices differ considerably from those with acute sepsis with regard to their fluorescence lifetime signatures. The latter shows a difference in metabolism between the inner and outer cortex, indicating that outer cortical tubular cells switch their metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in kidneys from mice with acute sepsis and back in later stages as seen for mice with chronic infections. These findings suggest that 2P-FLIM could serve as a powerful tool for early-stage sepsis diagnosis and monitoring metabolic recovery during treatment.
FineRegion-LM: Enhancing Large Vision-Language Models for Fine-Grained Region-Level Understanding
Authors: Yamada Kentaro , Campbell Nicholas , Patterson Owen
Published: December 2024

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable success in vision-language tasks, yet they often fall short in fine-grained region-level understanding due to limited spatial sensitivity and insufficient region-specific annotations. To address these challenges, we propose FineRegion-LM, a generative model that enhances LVLMs' capabilities in region comprehension through a novel dual-stage framework. Our approach utilizes dynamic region masking to refine spatial focus and adaptive prompt-based learning for contextual generation. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that FineRegion-LM significantly outperforms existing methods in region description, object classification, and spatial reasoning tasks. Human evaluations further confirm the effectiveness of our approach in generating accurate and contextually relevant descriptions.
Synthetic Bacteriophage Technology Helps to Reveal Factors Influencing Reproduction Efficiency of Klebsiella Phages
Authors: Baykov Ivan , Mikhaylova Ekaterina , Kurchenko Olga , Miroshnikova Anna , Tikunov Artem , Ushakova Tatyana , Kozlova Yuliya , Morozova Vera , Tikunova Nina
Published: December 2024

In this study, synthetic phages with swapped tailspike protein genes were constructed based on Przondovirus bacteriophages KP32_192 and KP32_195, which infect Klebsiella pneumoniae of different capsular serotypes. The specificity of these phages has changed in accordance with the genes of tailspike proteins. However, the reproduction efficiency of these phages strongly depended on the phage scaffold used, the sequence of the N-terminal domain of tail-anchored spikes, and the Klebsiella strain used. Moreover, phages with a non-native scaffold replicated on one of the strains more efficiently than wild-type phage with the same tailspikes. It has also been shown that the sequence of the N-terminal domain of tail-anchored spikes can influence the efficiency of phage adsorption. Therefore, it is necessary to consider not only the capsular specificity of tailspike proteins but also some other genes in the recipient phage genome when designing synthetic phages against the target bacterium.
Drop Nozzle from a Remotely Piloted Aerial Application System Reduces Spray Displacement
Authors: Gibson Ryan P. , Martin Daniel E. , Howard Zachary S. , Nolte Scott A. , Latheef Mohamed A.
Published: December 2024

Weeds remain as one of the major limiting factors affecting agricultural production and crop productivity and cause significant yield loss globally. Alternate to traditional control of weeds with broadcast application of herbicides, spot spraying of weeds is commensurate with patchy spatial distribution of weeds. But the displacement of spray caused by wind and rotor wash remains a major concern, which can lead to inefficient coverage and unintended environmental loading. To mitigate this issue, drop nozzles have been developed to direct the spray closer to the target, thereby reducing drift and enhancing spray efficacy. A remotely piloted aerial application system (RPAAS) was outfitted with a 60 cm drop nozzle comprised of a straight stream and a 30° full cone nozzle to increase spray accuracy by reducing the effect of wind on spray displacement. Wind speed averaged 5.63 ± 0.40 m/s and varied from 2.23 to 8.94 m/s. A fluorescent spray solution was applied on 13 Kromekote cards placed in a grid configuration. The center of deposition for each of the spray applications was determined using Python software. Spray displacement was calculated as the distance between the center target site and the center of deposition for each of the spray applications. Regardless of nozzle angle, the drop nozzle produced significantly less spray displacement compared to the no drop nozzle, which should increase herbicide efficacy of targeted applications.
Polarization-Insensitive, High-Efficiency Metasurface with Wide Reception Angle for Energy Harvesting Applications
Authors: Amer Abdulrahman Ahmed Ghaleb , Othman Nurmiza , Bait-Suwailamn Mohammed M. , Sapuan Syarfa Zahirah , Salem Ali Ahmed Ali , Salh Adeb
Published: December 2024

This research introduces a polarization-insensitive metasurface (MS) capable of wide reception angles, featuring an array of wheel resonators designed for energy harvesting applications at 5 GHz. The symmetrical structure of the proposed resonator enables it to be highly insensitive to the polarization of the incident wave, ensuring efficient absorption of electromagnetic (EM) power and significantly reducing reflections. This allows for the majority of the captured energy to be delivered to resistor loads. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MS structure achieves a higher absorptivity for various polarizations and incident angles. Furthermore, a near-unity harvesting efficiency exceeding 94% is obtained regardless of the polarization of the incident wave under normal incidence at 5 GHz. Moreover, a higher harvesting efficiency is observed across various incident angles for TE and TM polarization. A 5×5-unit cell array of the proposed MS structure is fabricated and experimentally tested to validate the concept. The simulation and experimental results exhibit good agreement. The proposed harvester demonstrates superior absorptivity and harvesting efficiency across various polarizations and incident angles, making it a strong candidate for energy harvesting systems in wireless sensor networks.
Towards Completion of the “Periodic Table” of Di-2-pyridyl Ketoxime
Authors: Stamou Christina , Polyzou Christina D. , Lada Zoi G. , Konidaris Konstantis F. , Perlepes Spyros P.
Published: December 2024

The oxime group is important in organic and inorganic chemistry. In most cases this group is part of an organic molecule possessing one or more donor sites capable of forming bonds to metal ions. One family of such compounds is the group of 2-pyridyl (aldo)ketoximes. Metal complexes of 2-pyridyl oximes continue to attract the intense interest of many inorganic chemistry groups around the world for a variety of reasons, including their aesthetically beautiful structures, physical and biological properties, and applications. A unique member of 2-pyridyl ketoximes is di-2-pyridyl ketoxime (dpkoxH), which contains two 2-pyridyl groups and an oxime functionality that can be easily deprotonated giving the deprotonated ligand (dpkox-). The extra 2-pyridyl site confers a remarkable flexibility resulting in metal complexes with exciting structural and reactivity features. Our and other research groups have prepared and characterized many metal complexes of dpkoxH and dpkox- over the past 30 years or so. This work is an attempt to build a “periodic table” of dpkoxH which is near completion. The filled spaces of this “periodic table” contain metal ions whose dpkoxH/dpkox- complexes have been structurally characterized. This work reviews comprehensively the to-date published coordination chemistry of dpkoxH with emphasis on the syntheses, reactivity, relationship to metallacrown chemistry, structures and properties of the metal complexes; selected unpublished results from our group are also reported. The sixteen coordination modes adopted by dpkoxH and dpkox- have provided access to monomeric and dimeric complexes, trinuclear, tetranuclear, pentanuclear, hexanuclear, heptanuclear, enneanuclear and decanuclear clusters, as well as to a small number of 1D coordination polymers. With few exceptions ({MIILnIII2} and {NiII2MnIII2}; M = Ni, Cu, Pd and Ln = lanthanoid), most complexes are homometallic. The metals whose ions have yielded complexes with dpkoxH and dpkox- are Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Re, Os, Ir, Au, Hg, lanthanoids and U. Most metal complexes are homovalent, but some mixed-valence Mn, Fe and Co compounds have been studied. Metal ion-assisted/promoted transformations of dpkoxH, i.e. reactivity patterns of the coordinated ligand, are also critically discussed. Some perspectives concerning the coordination chemistry of dpkoxH and research work for the future are outlined. Our efforts to complete the “periodic table” of di-2-pyridyl ketoxime are continued.
Analysis of the Antioxidant Activity and Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Properties of the Essential Oils Obtained from Cultivated Medicinal Lamiaceae Species
Authors: Ciobotaru Gabriela Valentina , Goje Iacob-Daniel , Dehelean Cristina Adriana , Danciu Corina , Pavel Ioana Zinuca , Moacă Alina , Muntean Delia , Imbrea Ilinca Merima , Sărățeanu Veronica , Pop Georgeta
Published: December 2024

This study aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of some Lamiacea essential oils (EO’s). For this purpose, there was evaluated in-vitro the antioxidant, cytotoxic antimicrobial and anti-migratory activity of 8 essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (LA1), Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (LA2), Salvia officinalis L. (SO), Lavandula hybrida Balb. ex Ging (LH), Salvia sclarea L. (SS), Mentha smithiana L. (MS), Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. (PA) and Mentha x piperita L. (MP). The longest time for total reduction of DPPH by the antioxidants in the sample was required in the case of Perovskia atripicifolia (PA). For the determination of antimicrobial activity, the reference strains used for testing were: Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, Shigella flexneri serotype 2b, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. The most intense inhibitory effect was observed in EO’s of MS and MxP, on all tested microbial strains. The cytotoxic and anti-migratory activity of EO’s was tested on two melanoma cell lines (A375 and B164A5) and on a healthy keratinocyte line (HaCaT). EO’s LA1 and MxP manifested the highest selectivity on the analysed tumoral cells, by reducing their migration in comparison with the control, proofing to have therapeutic potential.
Impact of Ad Libitum Hydration on Muscle Damage and Electrolyte Balance in Ultra-Trail: A Heatmap Analysis of Biomarkers and Race Characteristics
Authors: García-Gimenez Alejandro , Pradas Francisco , Lecina Miguel , Ochiana Nicolae , Castellar-Otín Carlos
Published: December 2024

Ultra-trail races (UT) pose significant challenges to maintaining hydration and electrolyte balance, with risks of dehydration (DH), overhydration (OH), exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH), and exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER). This study examined the effects of ad libitum (ADL) hydration on hydration status and muscle damage during a nine-stage UT (635 km, 40,586 m elevation gain). Four highly trained male athletes participated. Hydration was assessed via body weight loss (BWL), urine specific gravity (Usg), and serum sodium ([Na+]), while muscle damage markers included creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and calcium (Ca). Results showed no cases of EAH or hypernatremia ([Na+] >145 mmol·L−1), with serum [Na+] maintained above 135 mmol·L−1. BWL exceeded the 2% DH threshold in the early stages (p=0.029), and Usg remained elevated (>1.020 g·mL−1). LDH and CK significantly increased at all stages (p<0.05), persisting 48 hours post-event. Correlations showed BWL aggravated muscle damage (r=0.47 with CK) and hypocalcemia (r=−0.68 with Ca). Elevation gain/loss amplified fluid loss and muscle injury. While ADL hydration mitigated EAH, it did not fully address DH or muscle damage. Personalized hydration and recovery protocols are crucial to optimizing performance and health in UT races.
Evaluation of the Effects of an Electromyography-Based Bio-Feedback Training of Patients with Post-Paralytic Facial Synkinesis Using Electromyography Amplitudes as Objective Outcome Measure
Authors: Hahnemann Isabell , Fron Julia , Ballmaier Jonas , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Volk Gerd Fabian
Published: December 2024

Biofeedback rehabilitation programs for facial palsy are not yet commonly accepted nor routinely available for patients suffering under various forms of facial palsy. To improve the scientific evidence, the effect of an intensified 2-weeks facial training combining electromyography (EMG) and visual biofeedback training was objectively evaluated: 30 patients (76.7% female; median age: 48.6 years) with post-paralytic facial synkinesis were included in longitudinal prospective study. At the beginning of each training day, EMG amplitudes of both halves of the face were recorded during relaxation using the EMG system that was synchronously used for the EMG bio-feedback training. A single-factor analysis of variance was done for the change over time and a t-test was used to evaluate the side differences. After the training there was a significant decrease of the EMG amplitudes of both halves of the face (synkinetic side: p < 0.001; contralateral side p = 0.003), indicating an improved voluntary muscle relaxation. There was also a significant im-provement in Sunnybrook Facial Grading System, Facial Disability Index and Facial Clinimetric Evaluation assessed before start of training and at the end (p < 0.001). Electrophysiological im-provements of the facial muscles during combined biofeedback training can be objectively meas-ured using surface EMG recording.
CityBuildAR: Enhancing Community Engagement in PlaceMaking through Mobile Augmented Reality
Authors: Ranasinghe Daneesha , Kankanamge Nayomi , De Silva Chathura Kovida , Kangana Nuwani , Mahamood Rifat , Yigitcanlar Tan
Published: December 2024

Mostly, public places are planned and designed by professionals rather engaging the community in the design process. Even if the community engaged, the engagement process was limited to hand drawings, manual mappings, or public discussions, which limited the general public to visualize and well communicate their aspirations with the professionals. Against, this backdrop, this study intends to develop a mobile application called “CityBuildAR” which uses Augmented Reality technology that allows the end user to visualize their public spaces in a way they want. CityBuildAR was developed by the authors using the Unity Real-Time Development Platform and the app was developed for an Android Operating System. The app was used to assess community interests in designing open spaces by categorizing participants into three groups: those with limited, average, and professional knowledge of space design. The open cafeteria of the University of Moratuwa served as the testbed for this study. The study findings revealed that: (a) Mobile Augmented Reality is an effective way to engage people with limited knowledge in space design to express their design thinking, (b) Compared to professionals, general public wanted to have more green elements in the public space; (a) Compared to the professionals, the general public who were not conversant with the designing skills found the app more useful to express their ideas. The study guides urban authorities in their placemaking efforts by introducing a novel approach to effectively capture community ideas for creating inclusive public spaces.