bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare variant of the epigenetic regulator SMCHD1 in a patient with pituitary hormone deficiency
Authors: Kinjo Kenichi , Nagasaki Keisuke , Muroya Koji , Suzuki Erina , Ishiwata Keisuke , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Hattori Atsushi , Nagao Koji , Nozawa Ryu-Suke , Obuse Chikashi , Miyado Kenji , Ogata Tsutomu , Fukami Maki , Miyado Mami
Published: July 2020

Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD), and septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) constitute a disease spectrum whose etiology remains largely unknown. This study aimed to clarify whether mutations in SMCHD1, an epigenetic regulator gene, might underlie this disease spectrum. SMCHD1 is a causative gene for Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome characterized by arhinia, microphthalmia and IHH. We performed mutation screening of SMCHD1 in patients with etiology-unknown IHH (n = 31) or CPHD (n = 43, 19 of whom also satisfied the SOD diagnostic criteria). Rare variants were subjected to in silico analyses and classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Consequently, a rare likely pathogenic variant, p.Asp398Asn, was identified in one patient. The patient with p.Asp398Asn exhibited CPHD, optic nerve hypoplasia, and a thin retinal nerve fiber layer, and therefore satisfied the criteria of SOD. This patient showed a relatively low DNA methylation level of the 52 SMCHD1-target CpG sites at the D4Z4 locus. Exome sequencing for the patient excluded additional variants in other IHH/CPHD-causative genes. In vitro assays suggested functional impairment of the p.Asp398Asn variant. These results provide the first indication that SMCHD1 mutations represent a rare genetic cause of the HH-related disease spectrum.
Novel thymoquinone lipidic core nanocapsules with anisamide-polymethacrylate shell for colon cancer cells overexpressing sigma receptors
Authors: Ramzy Lydia , Metwally Abdelkader A. , Nasr Maha , Awad Gehanne A. S.
Published: July 2020

The biggest challenge in colorectal cancer therapy is to avoid intestinal drug absorption before reaching the colon, while focusing on tumor specific delivery with high local concentration and minimal toxicity. In our work, thymoquinone (TQ)-loaded polymeric nanocapsules were prepared using the nanoprecipitation technique using Eudragit S100 as polymeric shell. Conjugation of anisamide as a targeting ligand for sigma receptors overexpressed by colon cancer cells to Eudragit S100 was carried out via carbodiimide coupling reaction, and was confirmed by thin layer chromatography and 1H-NMR. TQ nanocapsules were characterized for particle size, surface morphology, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency % (EE%), in vitro drug release and physical stability. A cytotoxicity study on three colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, HCT-116, Caco-2) was performed. Results revealed that the polymeric nanocapsules were successfully prepared, and the in vitro characterization showed a suitable size, zeta potential, EE% and physical stability. TQ exhibited a delayed release pattern from the nanocapsules in vitro. Anisamide-targeted TQ nanocapsules showed higher cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells overexpressing sigma receptors compared to their non-targeted counterparts and free TQ after incubation for 48 h, hence delineating anisamide as a promising ligand for active colon cancer targeting.
Validity of traditional physical activity intensity calibration methods and the feasibility of self-paced walking and running on individualised calibration of physical activity intensity in children
Authors: Haapala Eero A. , Gao Ying , Vanhala Anssi , Rantalainen Timo , Finni Taija
Published: July 2020

There are no practical and valid methods for the assessment of individualised physical activity (PA) intensity in observational studies. Therefore, we investigated the validity of commonly used metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) and pre-determined PA intensity classification methods against individualised PA intensity classification in 35 children 7–11-years-of-age. Then, we studied validity of mean amplitude deviation (MAD) measured by accelerometry during self-paced walking and running in assessment of individualised PA intensity. Individualised moderate PA (MPA) was defined as V̇O2 ≥ 40% of V̇O2reserveand V̇O2 < ventilatory threshold (VT) and vigorous PA (VPA) as V̇O2 ≥ VT. We classified > 3–6 (or alternatively > 4–7) METs as MPA and > 6 (> 7) METs as VPA. Task intensities were classified according to previous calibration studies. MET-categories correctly identified 25.9–83.3% of light PA, 85.9–90.3% of MPA, and 56.7–82.2% of VPA. Task-specific categories correctly classified 53.7% of light PA, 90.6% of MPA, and 57.8% of VPA. MAD during self-paced walking discriminated MVPA from light PA (sensitivity = 67.4, specificity = 88.0) and MAD during self-paced running discriminated VPA from MPA (sensitivity = 78.8, specificity = 79.3). In conclusion, commonly used methods may misclassify PA intensity in children. MAD during self-paced running may provide a novel and practical method for determining individualised VPA intensity in children.
Iron and manganese migration in “soil–plant” system in Scots pine stands in conditions of contamination by the steel plant’s emissions
Authors: Zaitsev Gleb A. , Dubrovina Olga A. , Shainurov Ruslan I.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) roots grown in soils with and without contamination from emission of a plant steel were analyzed for Fe and Mn, as well as the shoots and needles with and lacking pollution. The aim was to assess the content of Fe and Mn in soils under given conditions, and the interaction between pine plant and soil in terms of metal accumulation in the fine roots, annual shoots, and annual needles. The iron content in the soil of polluted areas does not contrast with its control amount. Conversely, the iron content in fine pine roots under contamination conditions is 2.1–4.4 times higher than the control values. There were no significant excesses of the manganese content in the soil in polluted conditions compared to the control, but its content in the 0–20 cm soil layer is 27–32 times higher than the background concentrations. The iron contentment in belowground (fine roots) and aboveground (annual shoots and needles) parts of pine trees in a context of contamination is higher than the control values (2.1–4.4 and 1.50–1.54 times, respectively). The manganese content in fine pine roots under contamination conditions is 2.8–10.7 times less than in control, while its content in shoots and needles is higher (2.23–2.76 times) in comparison with the control. Based on the values of the biological accumulation and migration coefficients, what in each case slighter than one, for Scots pine the iron represent not an element that actively accumulates. Nevertheless, for manganese, this stock model is valid only for fine roots, whereas under the contaminated environment, the metal mobility steepen, and the migration pattern shifts towards increased manganese accumulation in the aboveground part of pine trees.
Modern evolution of paper-based analytical devices for wearable use: from disorder to order
Authors: Chu Tianshu , Chu Jianlin , Gao Bingbing , He Bingfang
Published: July 2020

The modern evolution of paper-based analytical devices is from disorder to order and widely used as wearable sensors.
Total mercury bias in soil analysis by CV-AFS: causes, consequences and a simple solution based on sulfhydryl cotton fiber as a clean-up step
Authors: Pérez Pablo A. , Bravo Manuel A. , Quiroz Waldo
Published: July 2020

This study examines the matrix effect over the trueness for determining total mercury (THg) using CV-AFS.
Anti-osteosarcoma effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Renxian , Liu WeiFeng , Wang Qian , Li Guangping , Wan Ben , Sun Yuyang , Niu Xiaohui , Chen Dafu , Tian Wei
Published: July 2020

Schematic representing the anti-cancer effects of nano-HAPs both in vitro and in vivo by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Shape-controlled synthesis of planar PtPb nanoplates for highly efficient methanol electro-oxidation reaction
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhou Luozeng , Lu Hongbin , Zhou Yaqin , Huang Jialu , Wang Jin , Wang Yang , Yuan Xiaolei , Yao Yong
Published: July 2020

PtPb nanoplates with a large surface area of the (102) facet exhibit higher activity and superior durability for the MOR.
Density functional theory based molecular dynamics study of solution composition effects on the solvation shell of metal ions
Authors: Wang Xiangwen , Toroz Dimitrios , Kim Seonmyeong , Clegg Simon L. , Park Gun-Sik , Di Tommaso Devis
Published: July 2020

We present an ab initio molecular dynamics study of the alkali metal ions Li+, Na+, K+ and Cs+, and of the alkaline earth metal ions Mg2+ and Ca2+ in both pure water and electrolyte solutions containing the counterions Cl− and SO42−.
The role of CT excitations in PDI aggregates
Authors: Zubiria-Ulacia Maria , Matxain Jon M. , Casanova David
Published: July 2020

Energies and couplings of local excitations and charge transfer states control the nature of singlets and triplets in PDI aggregates.
Correction: Assessing relative humidity dependent photoacoustics to retrieve mass accommodation coefficients of single optically trapped aerosol particles
Authors: Diveky Matus E. , Roy Sandra , Cremer Johannes W. , David Grégory , Signorell Ruth
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Assessing relative humidity dependent photoacoustics to retrieve mass accommodation coefficients of single optically trapped aerosol particles’ by Matus E. Diveky et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 4721–4731, DOI: 10.1039/C8CP06980H.
Aqueous phase reforming of xylitol and xylose in the presence of formic acid
Authors: Alvear Matias , Aho Atte , Simakova Irina L. , Grénman Henrik , Salmi Tapio , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: July 2020

Aqueous phase reforming (APR) of xylose and xylitol was studied over Pt/Pd catalysts in the presence of formic acid simulating an industrial feedstock.
Homoleptic mono-, di-, and tetra-iron complexes featuring phosphido ligands: a synthetic, structural, and spectroscopic study
Authors: Kaniewska Kinga , Ponikiewski Łukasz , Szynkiewicz Natalia , Cieślik Bartłomiej , Pikies Jerzy , Krzystek J. , Dragulescu-Andrasi Alina , Stoian Sebastian A. , Grubba Rafał
Published: July 2020

Synthetic access to the first homoleptic phosphido iron complexes.
Mānuka honey-derived methylglyoxal enhances microbial sensing by mucosal-associated invariant T cells
Authors: Tang Jeffry S. , Compton Benjamin J. , Marshall Andrew , Anderson Regan , Li Yanyan , van der Woude Hannah , Hermans Ian F. , Painter Gavin F. , Gasser Olivier
Published: July 2020

Mānuka honey-derived methylglyoxal enhanced MAIT cell activation by increasing conversion of microbial 5-A-RU to the potent MAIT cell activator, 5-OP-RU.
Roasting carob flour decreases the capacity to bind glycoconjugates of bile acids
Authors: van Rijs Phylyne , Fogliano Vincenzo
Published: July 2020

Carob is the fruit obtained from Ceratonia siliqua L. and it is a source of bioactive compounds that have been linked to several health promoting effects, including lowering blood cholesterol concentration.
Conversion of lipid into high-viscosity branched bio-lubricant base oil
Authors: Chen Shuang , Wu Tingting , Zhao Chen
Published: July 2020

To produce high-quality bio-lubricant, we reported a novel approach using lipids as a raw material, the process involved selective hydrogenation to fatty alcohols, dehydration of fatty alcohols to α-olefins, coupled polymerization–hydrogenation reactions.
Selective hydrogenation of aromatic furfurals into aliphatic tetrahydrofurfural derivatives
Authors: Yang Youdi , Wang Yanyan , Li Shaopeng , Shen Xiaojun , Chen Bingfeng , Liu Huizhen , Han Buxing
Published: July 2020

Efficient selective hydrogenation of furfural to tetrahydrofurfural or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 5-hydroxymethyltetrahydro-2-furaldehyde have been realized over Pd/LDH-MgAl-NO3, and the selectivities could reach 92.6% and 83.7%, respectively.
Hydrothermal carbonization of activated sewage sludge over ammonia-treated Fenton sludge to produce hydrochar for clean fuel use
Authors: Shan Ya-Qi , Deng Xiao-Qiang , Luque Rafael , Xu Zhi-Xiang , Yan Long , Duan Pei-Gao
Published: July 2020

Fenton sludge was hydrothermally treated with ammonia (ATFS) and used as a catalyst for the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of activated sewage sludge (ASS) to produce a hydrochar for fuel use.
Quantitative assessment of cellular uptake and differential toxic effects of HgSe nanoparticles in human cells
Authors: Cid-Barrio Laura , Bouzas-Ramos Diego , Salinas-Castillo Alfonso , Ogra Yasumitsu , Encinar Jorge Ruiz , Costa-Fernández José M.
Published: July 2020

A comparative study of the cytotoxicity of HgSe nanoparticles and that induced by inorganic mercury and methylmercury in two cell lines.
A novel study on curcumin metal complexes: solubility improvement, bioactivity, and trial burn wound treatment in rats
Authors: Tran Quang Hieu , Doan Thanh Thao
Published: July 2020

This paper describes a new technique to enhance the solubility of metal curcumin complexes.
Fabrication of sensitive silver-decorated cotton swabs for SERS quantitative detection of mixed pesticide residues in bitter gourds
Authors: Kong Lili , Huang Meizhen , Chen Jie , Lin Mengshi
Published: July 2020

This study developed a simple, efficient and environmentally friendly fabrication method for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) wipers for the rapid detection of individual and mixed pesticide residues in actual samples.
Theoretical study of two-dimensional bis(iminothiolato)metal monolayers as promising electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Xing Guanru , Cheng Lin , Li Kai , Gao Yan , Tang Hao , Wang Ying , Wu Zhijian
Published: July 2020

MnIT is a good CO2RR catalyst for HCOOH production and CO poisoning is prohibited.
Universal relation between the density and the viscosity of dispersions of nanoparticles and stabilized emulsions
Authors: Machrafi Hatim
Published: July 2020

A universal physics-based relation between the effective viscosity and the density explains the behavior of the viscosity of many nanodispersions.
Monolayer 2D ZrTe2 transition metal dichalcogenide as nanoscatter for random laser action
Authors: Pincheira Pablo I. R. , da Silva Neto Manoel L. , Maldonado Melissa , de Araújo Cid B. , Jawaid Ali M. , Busch Robert , Ritter Allyson J. , Vaia Richard A. , Gomes Anderson S. L.
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate random laser emission from Rhodamine 6G with ZrTe2 transition metal dichalcogenide as nanoscatters. The 2D semimetal ZrTe2 was employed for the first time as the scatter medium to provide feedback in an organic gain medium random laser.
Nonlinear optical ASnX (A = Na, H; X = N, P) nanosheets with divalent tin lone electron pair effect by first-principles design
Authors: Zhang Shengzi , Kang Lei , Lin Zheshuai
Published: July 2020

Divalent tin Sn2+lone electron pairs can induce strong second harmonic generation density in 2D NaSnP and HSnN structures.
Total synthesis of tubulysin U and N14-desacetoxytubulysin H
Authors: Long Bohua , Tao Cheng , Li Yinghong , Zeng Xiaobin , Cao Meiqun , Wu Zhengzhi
Published: July 2020

A concise and efficient procedure for the total synthesis of tubulysin U and N14-desacetoxytubulysin H has been developed with high stereoselectivity on a gram scale.
Total synthesis of natural products using photocycloaddition reactions of arenes
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Zhou Ying-jun , Liang Xiao-Wei
Published: July 2020

The photocycloaddition reaction of benzene with alkenes has become a significant approach for organic chemists and thus has been frequently utilized as a key step in the total synthesis of natural products.
Nickel-catalyzed hydroalkenylation of styrene with phenylpropanal: theoretical studies on the mechanism, regioselectivity, and role of phenylboronic acid
Authors: Zhang Jing , Sun Jiaying , Yu Zhangyu , Han Lingli , Liu Tao
Published: July 2020

The effects of different solvents, Brønsted acids, and ligands on reactivity are clarified through our calculations.
Elementary processes governing V2AlC chemical etching in HF
Authors: Kim Youngsoo , Gkountaras Athanasios , Chaix-Pluchery Odette , Gélard Isabelle , Coraux Johann , Chapelier Claude , Barsoum Michel W. , Ouisse Thierry
Published: July 2020

MXenes are synthesized by chemically exfoliating well-defined V2AlC, single-crystal pillars. Exfoliation is studied as a function of orientation and time using HF. This reveals that no etching can take place by HF penetration through the basal planes.
Fluorination in enhancing photoactivated antibacterial activity of Ru(ii) complexes with photo-labile ligands
Authors: Sun Weize , Boerhan Rena , Tian Na , Feng Yang , Lu Jian , Wang Xuesong , Zhou Qianxiong
Published: July 2020

Fluorination in the dppz ligand efficiently enhanced the photoactivated antibacterial activity of Ru(ii) complexes with photo-labile ligands against antibiotic-resistant bacteria both under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
Anisotropic mesoporous silica/microgel core–shell responsive particles
Authors: Schmitt Julien , Hartwig Caroline , Crassous Jérôme J. , Mihut Adriana M. , Schurtenberger Peter , Alfredsson Viveka
Published: July 2020

Hybrid anisotropic microgels with different morphologies were prepared using mesoporous silica particles as core and PNIPAM as shell. The shell thicknessdand aspect ratioρwere characterised notablyviacryo-TEM (left) and DLS (right).
Globally stabilized bent carbon–carbon triple bond by hydrogen-free inorganic–metallic scaffolding Al4F6
Authors: Xue Ying-ying , Zhang Ying , Cui Zhong-hua , Ding Yi-hong
Published: July 2020

We report a novel C2Al4F6-01 with metal–inorganic Al4F6-scaffolding, which differs from hitherto known bent-CC types, which all involve carbon-based scaffoldings.
Prospects of kefiran as a food-derived biopolymer for agri-food and biomedical applications
Authors: Tan Kei-Xian , Chamundeswari Vidya N. , Loo Say Chye Joachim
Published: July 2020

There is a huge demand for food-derived polysaccharides in the field of materials research due to the increasing concerns posed by synthetic biopolymers.
High-performance water-borne fluorescent acrylic-based adhesive: synthesis and application
Authors: Upadhyaya Samiran , Konwar Achyut , Chowdhury Devasish , Sarma Neelotpal Sen
Published: July 2020

Synthesis and application of a water-borne fluorescent acrylic adhesive, which can be stored as a powder for long-term use.
Exploring a unified description of the super-Arrhenius region above and below the glass transition temperature
Authors: Kritikos Georgios
Published: July 2020

A new approach to the description of the dynamics in the super-Arrhenius region is presented, in order to check whether the hypothesis of an Arrhenius component surviving in the α-relaxation region is consistent with experimental data.
Modeling of surface mechanical behaviors of soft elastic solids: theory and examples
Authors: Liu Zezhou , Jagota Anand , Hui Chung-Yuen
Published: July 2020

We study a general formulation in which the surface can support large deformation and carry both surface stresses and surface bending moments.
Correction: Dynamical self-assembly of dipolar active Brownian particles in two dimensions
Authors: Liao Guo-Jun , Hall Carol K. , Klapp Sabine H. L.
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Dynamical self-assembly of dipolar active Brownian particles in two dimensions’ by Guo-Jun Liao et al., Soft Matter, 2020, 16, 2208–2223, DOI: 10.1039/C9SM01539F.
Mg-vacancy-induced Ni-vacancy clusters: highly efficient hydrogen production from cellulose
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhu Yanru , An Zhe , Shu Xin , Ma Xiaodan , Song Hongyan , Wang Wenlong , Zhao Jieqiong , Cao Xingzhong , He Jing
Published: July 2020

An H2 yield of up to 70.4% has been achieved from APR of cellulose due to defect-boosted C–H/C–C bond cleavage.
Fundamental promise of anthraquinone functionalized graphene based next generation battery electrodes: a DFT study
Authors: Rasheev Hristo G. , Araujo Rafael B. , Tadjer Alia , Johansson Patrik
Published: July 2020

Anthraquinone anchored on graphene holds possibilities to design next generation battery combined electrodes and current collectors.
Advances in manganese-based oxides for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Tian Lin , Zhai Xiuhui , Wang Xiang , Li Jun , Li Zhao
Published: July 2020

This review highlights the recent advances made in MnOx nanostructures as a promising candidate for use in electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction.
Resolving in-plane and out-of-plane mobility using time resolved microwave conductivity
Authors: Chattopadhyay Shirsopratim , Kokenyesi Robert S. , Hong Min Ji , Watts C Lowell , Labram John G.
Published: July 2020

A strategy is demonstrated to evaluate the carrier mobility in-plane and out-of-plane using contactless time resolved microwave conductivity.
Ctcf is required for renin expression and maintenance of the structural integrity of the kidney
Authors: Martinez Maria Florencia , Martini Alexandre G. , Sequeira-Lopez Maria Luisa S. , Gomez R. Ariel
Published: July 2020

Renin cells are crucial for the regulation of blood pressure and fluid electrolyte homeostasis. We have recently shown that renin cells possess unique chromatin features at regulatory regions throughout the genome that may determine the identity and memory of the renin phenotype. The 3-D structure of chromatin may be equally important in the determination of cell identity and fate. CCCTC-binding factor (Ctcf) is a highly conserved chromatin organizer that may regulate the renin phenotype by controlling chromatin structure. We found that Ctcf binds at several conserved DNA sites surrounding and within the renin locus, suggesting that Ctcf may regulate the transcriptional activity of renin cells. In fact, deletion of Ctcf in cells of the renin lineage led to decreased endowment of renin-expressing cells accompanied by decreased circulating renin, hypotension, and severe morphological abnormalities of the kidney, including defects in arteriolar branching, and ultimately renal failure. We conclude that control of chromatin architecture by Ctcf is necessary for the appropriate expression of renin, control of renin cell number and structural integrity of the kidney.
Adaptive-scale wide-field reconstruction for radio synthesis imaging
Authors: Zhang L. , Mi L. G. , Zhang M. , Liu X. , He C. L.
Published: July 2020

Sky curvature and non-coplanar effects, caused by low frequencies, long baselines, or small apertures in wide field-of-view instruments such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), significantly limit the imaging performance of an interferometric array. High dynamic range imaging essentially requires both an excellent sky model and the correction of imaging factors such as non-coplanar effects. New CLEAN deconvolution with adaptive-scale modeling already has the ability to construct significantly better narrow-band sky models. However, the application of wide-field observations based on modern arrays has not yet been jointly explored. We present a new wide-field imager that can model the sky on an adaptive-scale basis, and the sky curvature and the effects of non-coplanar observations with the w-projection method. The degradation caused by the dirty beam due to incomplete spatial frequency sampling is eliminated during sky model construction by our new method, while the w-projection mainly removes distortion of sources far from the image phase center. Applying our imager to simulated SKA data and the real observation data of theKarl G. JanskyVery Large Array (an SKA pathfinder) suggested that our imager can handle the effects of wide-field observations well and can reconstruct more accurate images. This provides a route for high dynamic range imaging of SKA wide-field observations, which is an important step forward in the development of the SKA imaging pipeline.
Guaranteed and robust L2-norm a posteriori error estimates for 1D linear advection problems
Authors: Ern Alexndre , Vohralík Martin , Zakerzadeh Mohammad
Published: July 2020

We propose a reconstruction-based a posteriori error estimate for linear advection problems in one space dimension. In our framework, a stable variational ultra-weak formulation is adopted, and the equivalence of the L2-norm of the error with the dual graph norm of the residual is established. This dual norm is showed to be localizable over vertex-based patch subdomains of the computational domain under the condition of the orthogonality of the residual to the piecewise affine hat functions. We show that this condition is valid for some well-known numerical methods including continuous/discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin and discontinuous Galerkin methods. Consequently, a well-posed local problem on each patch is identified, which leads to a global conforming reconstruction of the discrete solution. We prove that this reconstruction provides a guaranteed upper bound on the L2 error. Moreover, up to a generic constant, it also gives local lower bounds on the L2 error, where the constant only depends on the mesh shape-regularity. This, in particular, leads to robustness of our estimates with respect to the polynomial degree. All the above properties are verified in a series of numerical experiments, additionally leading to asymptotic exactness. Motivated by these results, we finally propose a heuristic extension of our methodology to any space dimension, achieved by solving local least-squares problems on vertex-based patches. Though not anymore guaranteed, the resulting error indicator is still numerically robust with respect to both advection velocity and polynomial degree in our collection of two-dimensional test cases including discontinuous solutions aligned and not aligned with the computational mesh.
Assoziationen von Tumorpatienten und deren Behandelnden zu den Themen Ernährung und Appetit
Authors: Appelmann Iris , Halfmann Zarah , Elsner Frank
Published: July 2020

Ziel der Studie Die vorliegende Studie zielt auf ein besseres Verständnis für hypothetisch unterschiedliche Perspektiven zu dem Themenkomplex „Ernährung und Appetit“ von kurativ gegenüber palliativ behandelten Tumorpatienten und deren Behandelnden ab, um so möglichen Schwierigkeiten in der Therapie zugunsten einer guten Compliance des Patienten besser entgegenwirken zu können.

Methodik Für die Untersuchungen wurde primär die Technik der Freien Assoziation genutzt und deren Ergebnisse unter Berücksichtigung soziodemografischer Informationen in den Kontext der Therapieabsichten gestellt.

Ergebnisse Es wurden insgesamt 100 Probanden rekrutiert, 60 Patienten und 40 Behandelnde jeweils in gleichem Verhältnis aus den Kliniken für Palliativmedizin und Hämatologie, Onkologie und Stammzelltransplantation. Für die Probanden wurden soziodemografische Daten wie Alter, Ausbildungsniveau und zusätzlich zeitliche Berufserfahrung bei den Behandelnden erfasst. Nach Anwendung von Freier Assoziation wurde eine qualitative Analyse der assoziierten Begriffe zu den Themen „Nahrung, Ernährung und Appetit“ durchgeführt. Hier zeigten sich in der Bewertung von insgesamt 11 mit diesem Thema verbundenen Begriffen eine große Schnittmenge zwischen palliativen gegenüber kurativ behandelten Patienten als auch eine deutliche Überlappung bezüglich der Behandelnden der verschiedenen Abteilungen, aber auch eine wesentliche Überlappung in der Wahrnehmung bei Patienten und Behandelnden. Dennoch zeigten sich kleine Unterschiede, beispielsweise Wahrnehmung des Begriffs „Appetit“, der von Patienten häufiger mit negativen Assoziationen versehen war und bei Behandelnden durchweg positive Assoziationen hervorrief.

Schlussfolgerung Die große Schnittmenge der hervorgerufenen Assoziationen unter den verschiedenen Vergleichsgruppen spricht insbesondere bei Betrachtung von Patienten und den Behandelnden im Vergleich für eine hohe Wahrnehmungsübereinstimmung bezüglich der Themen „Ernährung und Appetit“. Die Studie leistet somit einen Beitrag zu einem verbesserten Verständnis der Patientenperspektive im Rahmen der Ernährungsoptimierung bei Tumorpatienten allgemein und in fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsstadien. Die in einigen Punkten divergierenden Aussagen und Einstellungen gegenüber den Themen dieser Studie zeigen, wie wichtig Kommunikation zwischen Patienten und Behandelnden ist, um gegenseitiges Unverständnis zu vermeiden und Compliance zu stärken.
Aicardi Syndrome: Key Fetal MRI Features and Prenatal Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Chiara Doneda , Giana Izzo , Masnada Silvia , Manuela Formica , Marco Scarabello , Andrea Accogli , Patrizia Accorsi , Nadia Bahi-Buisson , Valeria Capra , Mara Cavallin , Bernardo Dalla Bernardina , Francesca Darra , Valentina De Giorgis , Elisa Fazzi , Miguel Fontanillas R. L. , Carlo Fusco , Lucio Giordano , Simona Orcesi , Lorenzo Pinelli , Erika Rebessi , Antonino Romeo , Mariasavina Severino , Carlotta Spagnoli , Pierangelo Veggiotti , Anna Pichiecchio , Andrea Righini , Cecilia Parazzini
Published: July 2020

Objective This study was aimed to investigate the prenatal findings in Aicardi syndrome (AIC) by intrauterine magnetic resonance imaging (iuMRI) suggesting possible diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis.

Methods The iuMRI features of nine AIC confirmed cases were described and then compared with those of postnatal MRI. Furthermore, all iuMRI cases with both corpus callosum (CC) agenesis–dysgenesis and cortical malformation (AIC mimickers) were retrospectively reviewed and compared with iuMRI AIC cases, in order to identify possible neuroradiological predictors of AIC syndrome. For this purpose, Chi-square statistic and binary logistic regression analysis were performed.

Results In all AIC cases, iuMRI was able to detect CC agenesis–dysgenesis and cortical development anomalies. Postnatal MRI revealed some additional findings mainly including further cystic lesions and in two cases small coloboma. A statistically significant difference between AIC and AIC mimicker were found regarding sex, nodular heterotopias, posterior fossa abnormalities, coloboma, and cortical gyration abnormalities. The most predictive variables in the logistic regression model were cortical gyration abnormalities, coloboma, and sex.

Conclusion The iuMRI findings may suggest prenatal diagnosis of AIC syndrome with significant impact on parental counseling. Among possible differential diagnoses, tubulinopathies emerged.
Professionalism of Information Management in Health Care: Development and Validation of the Construct and Its Measurement
Authors: Thye Johannes , Esdar Moritz , Liebe Jan-David , Jahn Franziska , Winter Alfred , Hübner Ursula
Published: July 2020

Background Against the background of a steadily increasing degree of digitalization in health care, a professional information management (IM) is required to successfully plan, implement, and evaluate information technology (IT). At its core, IM has to ensure a high quality of health data and health information systems to support patient care.

Objectives The goal of the present study was to define what constitutes professional IM as a construct as well as to propose a reliable and valid measurement instrument.

Methods To develop and validate the construct of professionalism of information management (PIM) and its measurement, a stepwise approach followed an established procedure from information systems and behavioral research. The procedure included an analysis of the pertaining literature and expert rounds on the construct and the instrument, two consecutive and comprehensive surveys at the national and international level, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as reliability and validity testing.

Results Professionalism of information management was developed as a construct consisting of the three dimensions of strategic, tactical, and operational IM as well as of the regularity and cyclical phases of IM procedures as the two elements of professionalism. The PIM instrument operationalized the construct providing items that incorporated IM procedures along the three dimensions and cyclical phases. These procedures had to be evaluated against their degree of regularity in the instrument. The instrument proved to be reliable and valid in two consecutive measurement phases and across three countries.

Conclusion It can be concluded that professionalism of information management is a meaningful construct that can be operationalized in a scientifically rigorous manner. Both science and practice can benefit from these developments in terms of improved self-assessment, benchmarking capabilities, and eventually, obtaining a better understanding of health IT maturity.
Receipt of Proton-Pump Inhibitors during Pregnancy and Risk for Preeclampsia
Authors: Bello Natalie A. , Huang Yongmei , Syeda Sbaa K. , Wright Jason D. , D'Alton Mary E. , Friedman Alexander M.
Published: July 2020

Objective This study aimed to determine whether receiving a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) prescription during pregnancy was associated with decreased risk for preeclampsia.

Study Design The Truven Health MarketScan database was used to determine whether receiving a PPI prescription was associated with risk for preeclampsia. Risk for preeclampsia was evaluated based on the presence or absence of receiving a PPI prescription (1) any time during pregnancy, and 2) individually during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters. In addition to evaluating risk for all preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia and preterm severe preeclampsia were evaluated. Adjusted models including risk factors such as chronic hypertension, maternal age, multiple gestation, and diabetes were performed with adjusted risk ratios (aRR) with 95% confidence intervals [CIs] as measures of effect.

Results A total of 2,755,885 women were included in the analysis of whom 69,249 were prescribed a PPI during pregnancy (2.5%). In adjusted models, receiving a PPI prescription anytime during pregnancy (aRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.24–1.32), the 1st trimester (aRR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04–1.22), the 2nd trimester (aRR 1.20, 95% CI 1.15–1.26), and the 3rd trimester (aRR 1.41, 95% CI 1.35–1.47) were all associated with increased risk for preeclampsia. Risk for severe preeclampsia was also significantly increased with receiving a PPI prescription anytime during pregnancy (aRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.15–1.27), during the 2nd trimester (aRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.23), and during the 3rd trimester (aRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.24–1.43), but not the first trimester (aRR 1.04, 95% CI 0.92–1.19). Evaluating the risk for preterm severe preeclampsia, adjusted risk was significantly increased with receiving a PPI prescription in the second trimester (aRR 1.35, 95% CI 1.21–1.52) but not the first trimester (aRR 1.06, 95% CI 0.86–1.32).

Conclusion In this analysis of payer data, receiving a PPI prescription during pregnancy was not associated with decreased risk for preeclampsia. Further empiric research is required to determine whether an effect may be present.

Key Points
Phasing of seven-channel fibre laser radiation with dynamic turbulent phase distortions using a stochastic parallel gradient algorithm at a bandwidth of 450 kHz
Authors: Volkov M.V. , Garanin S.G. , Kozlova T.I. , Konoval’tsov M.I. , Kopalkin A.V. , Lebedev R.S. , Starikov F.A. , Techko O.L. , Tyutin S.V. , Khokhlov S.V. , Tsykin V.S.
Published: July 2020

We have demonstrated an experimental setup for the coherent phasing of a seven-channel fibre laser system ( λ = 1064 nm) in a scheme comprising a master oscillator and a set of parallel amplifiers with lithium niobate-based fibre-optic phase modulators. Using a stochastic parallel gradient algorithm, an instrumental phase modulator control unit ensures a bandwidth of the system up to 450 kHz. The effectiveness of phasing of light transmitted through a turbulent medium with a characteristic time scale τ
turb has been studied experimentally as a function of phasing time τ
ph. The results demonstrate that the average Strehl ratio begins to rise at τ
turb/τ
ph ⩾ 2 and that the effectiveness of compensation for dynamic phase distortions in the beam propagation path rises sharply at τ
turb/τ
ph ≈ 20. For τ
turb/τ
ph ⩾ 30 – 40, the average Strehl ratio remains constant at the level reached.
Base rate neglect and neural computations for subjective weight in decision under uncertainty
Authors: Yang Yun-Yen , Wu Shih-Wei
Published: July 2020

Significance

Estimating probability of potential outcomes is essential to many decisions we make under uncertainty. Yet humans often exhibit systematic biases in probability estimation. We investigated the neural mechanisms for base rate neglect, an important bias that describes people’s tendency to underweight base rate relative to individuating information. We found that activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and putamen carry information about the degree to which human participants underweight base rate through representing relative subjective weight assigned to base rate (OFC, mPFC, and putamen) and sensitivity to the variability of prior and individuating information (putamen). Our findings suggest that when combining multiple sources of information, relative sensitivity to information variability and information-weighting computations contribute to judgment bias.
Evaporating droplets on oil-wetted surfaces: Suppression of the coffee-stain effect
Authors: Li Yaxing , Diddens Christian , Segers Tim , Wijshoff Herman , Versluis Michel , Lohse Detlef
Published: July 2020

Significance

Evaporating suspension droplets in general leave ring-like stains. For many applications requiring homogeneous deposition, the stains imply a major problem. This in particular holds for inkjet printing, surface patterning, self-assembly, and 3D printing technologies. Here we offer a robust method to suppress the coffee-stain effect by letting particle-laden droplets evaporate on oil-wetted surfaces. Through tuning the surface energy of the droplets by adding surfactants, we can manipulate the contact line behavior, the flow structure, and the wetting state of the thin film surrounding the droplet and accomplish a controlled particle deposition. Our findings may open perspectives for uniform coatings in the abovementioned applications, but are also relevant for other complex liquid droplet evaporation, e.g., for disease transmission or in agriculture.
Universality and variation in language
Authors: Sigurðsson Halldór Ármann
Published: July 2020

This article discusses language universality and language variation, and suggests that there is no feature variation in initial syntax, featural variation arising by metamorphosis under transfer from syntax to PF-morphology. In particular, it explores the Zero Hypothesis, stating that Universal Grammar, UG, only provides two building elements, Root Zero and Edge Feature Zero, zero, as they are purely structural/formal elements with no semantic content in UG. Their potential content is provided by the Concept Mine, a mind-internal but language-external department. UG and narrow syntax has access to the Concept Mine, and this Syntax-Concept Access is unique to humans, a prerequisite for the evolution of language (Section 1). A related idea (also inSection 1) is coined the Generalized Edge Feature Approach, GEFA. It states that Merge always involves at least one edge feature, which precludes symmetric structures and enables Simplest Merge (no Pair-Merge, no Hilbert epsilon operator). The article advocates that there is no syntactic feature selection (Section 2), all syntactic features being universally accessible in the Concept Mine, via Root Zero and Edge Feature Zero. In contrast, there is feature selection in PF (including morphology), yielding variation (Section 3), Gender being a clear example (Section 4). However, there is a widely neglected syntax-to-PF-morphology metamorphosis (Section 5), such that morphological features like [past] are distinct from albeit related to syntactic features like Speech Time. Parameters operate on selected PF features, and not on purely syntactic features, so parameter setting is plausibly closely tied to the syntax-to-PF-morphology metamorphosis (the concludingSection 6). It is suggested that parameters are on the externalization side of language, part of or related to the sensory-motor system, facilitating motoric learning in language acquisition.
Past Participle Agreement
Authors: Vega Vilanova Jorge
Published: July 2020

In this book, the traditional definition of ‘grammaticalization’ is challenged in the light of current developments in grammar theory. The main innovation of this approach is the focus on the feature composition of lexical items. From this perspective, the loss of past participle agreement in Catalan is analyzed on the basis of newly collected data as a consequence of the grammaticalization of formal features. The emergence of syntactic formal features through grammaticalization is understood as a last-resort repair mechanism for pragmatically costly derivations. Further far-reaching implications of this proposal under discussion are: the interplay between (re-)parametrization, economy, cyclicity, and grammaticalization; the characterization of free variation under a modified version of the Interface Hypothesis; and the precedence of syntactic over morphological change. This book is not only of interest to specialists in Romance languages but also to anyone working on diachronic linguistics.
An ecosystem view of English word-formation
Authors: Renner Vincent
Published: July 2020

This article takes a function-to-form approach to word-formation in present-day English and argues that the ecosystem metaphor can help morphologists see competition in word-formation and its resolution in a new light. The analysis first draws correspondences between four lexical functions (transcategorial, transconceptual, evaluative, and compacting) and ten formal operations (prefixation, suffixation, compounding, blending, morphostasis, stress shift, clipping, desuffixation, initialization, and replication) and concludes that there is no across-the-board interoperation competition to encode each function, but rather a fairly complementary distribution of the operations between the four functional subsystems. Each functional subsystem is then reviewed in turn and it is shown that, again, there is no full-scale competition at this level, but rather some fairly pronounced tendencies towards complementariness, and, in one case, also towards combination. The broad division of labor within each subsystem can, remarkably, be accounted for in different terms: the conditioning is primarily semantic (with formal subconsiderations) in the transcategorial and transconceptual subsystems while it is formal in the evaluative and compacting subsystems.
Constituent polysemy and interpretational diversity in attested English novel compounds
Authors: Schäfer Martin , Bell Melanie J.
Published: July 2020

We explore variation in the interpretation of attested novel compound nouns in English, especially the contribution of constituent polysemy to this diversity. Our results show that effects of polysemy are pervasive in compound interpretation, contributing both to interpretational diversity and to perceived difficulty of interpretation. The higher the uncertainty about the concept represented by the head noun, based on existing compounds with that head, the greater the diversity of interpretations across speakers and the more difficult, on average, they find it to come up with a meaning.
Absolutely PHAB
Authors: Pepper Steve , Arnaud Pierre J. L.
Published: July 2020

There have been many attempts at classifying the semantic modification relations (ℜ) of N + N compounds but this work has
not led to the acceptance of a definitive scheme, so that devising a reusable classification is a worthwhile aim. The scope of this
undertaking is extended to other binominal lexemes, i.e. units that contain two thing-morphemes without explicitly stating ℜ, like
prepositional units, N + relational adjective units, etc. The 25-relation taxonomy of Bourque
(2014) was tested against over 15,000 binominal lexemes from 106 languages and extended to a 29-relation scheme (“Bourque2”)
through the introduction of two new reversible relations. Bourque2 is then mapped onto Hatcher’s
(1960) four-relation scheme (extended by the addition of a fifth relation, similarity, as “Hatcher2”). This results in a
two-tier system usable at different degrees of granularities. On account of its semantic proximity to compounding, metonymy is then taken
into account, following Janda’s (2011) suggestion that it plays a role in word formation; Peirsman and Geeraerts’ (2006) inventory of 23 metonymic patterns is mapped onto Bourque2, confirming
the identity of metonymic and binominal modification relations. Finally, Blank’s (2003) and Koch’s (2001) work on lexical semantics justifies the addition to the scheme of a third,
superordinate level which comprises the three Aristotelean principles of similarity, contiguity and contrast.
Property inference from heads to opaque-transparent compounds
Authors: Spalding Thomas L. , Gagné Christina L.
Published: July 2020

We investigate how people extend properties from head nouns to compound words. Two conflicting principles seem to be important. Concepts license inference of properties: Knowing that birds fly allows an inference that songbirds fly. On the other hand, a subcategory term like songbirds is created only when that subcategory contrasts with the general category of birds. Participants rate the extent to which properties true of all, some, or no members of the head noun category are true of a subcategory denoted by an Opaque-Transparent compound. Both categorical inference and contrast affect these judgments: Properties true of the head are less true of the compound though still generally true, while those false of the head are more true of the compound, though still generally false. We discuss how modification effects with Opaque-Transparent compounds compare to both Transparent-Transparent compounds and novel combinations.
On the influence of creativity upon the interpretation of complex words
Authors: Körtvélyessy Lívia , Štekauer Pavol , Kačmár Pavol
Published: July 2020

The paper is aimed at the evaluation of whether, and if, to what degree, the psychological factor of creativity affects the interpretation of complex words. The research covered 324 students (17–18 years old) who attended (at the time of the experiment) various secondary schools in Košice, Slovakia. For the sake of evaluation, the respondents were divided into two cohorts (H-cohort and L-cohort) for each of the creativity variables, based on their high vs. low scores achieved in theTorrance Test of Creative Thinking(TTCT). These variables include Elaboration, Fluency, Flexibility and Originality and two subscores, the Creative Strengths and the Composite Score. The interpretation test includes potential compound words and converted words, i.e., potential words that admit numerous potential readings. The evaluation process is primarily based on Štekauer’s theory of meaning predictability (2005), and covers four variables: the predictability rate, the objectified predictability rate, hapax legomena, and the average number of readings per informant. The results suggest that while the H-cohort is more ‘creative’ in interpreting potential words the influence of the individual variables/subscores varies substantially.
Tourism development in Colombia: between conflict and peace.
Authors: Zapata-Aguirre Sandra , López-Zapata Ledys , Mejía-Alzate María Leivy
Published: July 2020

This chapter analyses tourism development in Colombia from the aspect of conflict and peace. The city of Medellín is taken as a case study to document how Colombia has been affected by its long internal conflict between the government and several guerrilla groups. The chapter also analyses the economic relevance of tourism and the public policies implemented before and after the signing of the peace process. In doing so, the chapter allows understanding of both the benefits and the challenges experienced by the regions so far affected by the conflict and their implications in tourism. It is concluded that in pacification processes tourism can be viewed as a resource to develop the post-peace discourse and should be considered a valid tool to bring peace to the territories.