bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las percepciones de las personas usuarias sobre la intervención social del trabajo social
Authors: Lillo Beneyto María Asunción
Published: November 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar las aportaciones de las personas usuarias sobre la intervención social de losTrabajadores sociales de los Servicios sociales de atención primaria en el ámbito local. La investigación se sitúa en el marco del paradigma fenomenológico, utilizando como método el estudio de caso y como técnica de recogida de datos la entrevista semi-directiva, a partir de un guion elaborado por temas, sobre los cuales se obtuvieron distintas reacciones por parte de las personas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la intervención social del Trabajo Social en los Servicios Sociales de Atención Primaria está basada en la creación y mantenimiento del contexto de intervención profesional, prevaleciendo una relación de alianza de ayuda donde se comparten emociones, sentimientos e ideas y se construye un vínculo entre el trabajador social y la persona usuaria siendo importantes uno para el otro. El artículo aporta información novedosa sobre la intervención social del trabajo social desde las narraciones de las personas usuarias en relación a los abusos de poder al usuario haciéndose patente la violencia metafísica paternalista.The objective of this article is to present the contributions of the users about the social intervention of the social workers of the social services of primary attention. The research is located within the framework of the phenomenological paradigm, using as a method the case study and as a data collection technique the semi-directive interview, based on a script elaborated by themes, on which different reactions were obtained from the people. The results obtained show that the social intervention of Social Work in Primary Care Social Services is based on the creation and maintenance of the professional intervention context, prevailing a relationship of help alliance where emotions, feelings and ideas are shared and a link between the social worker and the user being important for each other. The article provides new information on the social intervention of social work from the narrations of the users in relation to the abuses of power to the user, making paternalistic metaphysical violence evident.
El posicionamiento social de los inmigrantes y el problema del orden social
Authors: López-Narbona Ana María
Published: November 2019

Hobbes formuló el problema del orden social en un contexto de guerra civil. ¿Es la perspectiva del problema del orden social aplicable a la integración en la España del siglo 21? Los ataques terroristas en EEUU (2001) y, más recientemente, en Europa perpretados por ciudadanos de países musulmanes o por ciudadanos europeos con origen inmigrante y musulmán han provocado un miedo al inmigrante generalizado. La radicalización de jóvenes de origen musulmán, las bandas de delincuentes juveniles (bandas latinas en España) y la inmigración masiva desde países pobres en un contexto de profunda crisis económica plantean una preocupación para las poblaciones de los países occidentales. Se adapta el concepto de posicionamiento social a los procesos de inmigración. Se desarrollan análisis estadísticos con los datos del European Social Survey para España. El objetivo es desvelar la percepción de la población española y de los inmigrantes sobre el posicionamiento social de los inmigrantes en el orden social español.Hobbes formulated the social order problem in a context of civil war. Is the social order problem perspective applicable to tackle with immigration in 21st century Spain? Terrorist attacks in the USA (2001) and, more recently in Europe carried out by citizens of Muslim countries or by European citizens with immigrant and Muslim background, have provoked a fear of the generalized immigrant. Radicalisation of young people of Muslim background, youth gangs (Latin gangs in Spain) and mass immigration from poor countries in a context of deep economic crisis raise a concern for Western countries ́ populations. The concept of social positioning is adapted to the immigration processes. Statistical analyses are developed based on the European Social Survey data for Spain. The aim is to unveil the perception of Spanish population and of immigrants about the social positioning of immigrants in the Spanish social order.
Probability of Ship High-Runs from Phase-Space Data
Authors: Kontolefas Ioannis , Spyrou Kostas J.
Published: November 2019

A clustering scheme has been applied for capturing qualitatively different surge motion patterns in the phase space. The scheme enables the identification of “high-run” incidents as soon as such motions are triggered and while their phenomenology has not yet been well developed. A “high run” is a surf-riding–like behavior, appearing in irregular following seas. The concept of finite-time coherent sets is exploited for deriving estimates of the probability of high-runs. The method is verified by identifying independently the corresponding hyperbolic Lagrangian coherent structures; then, consistency is sought between the two approaches. An important feature of the method is that it does not rely on the use of some empirical criterion for the high-run threshold, such as one based on the exceedance of an arbitrary high-speed level. Despite its computational burden, the proposed scheme offers “objective” statistical information on a ship’s high-run tendency that can be used for benchmarking simpler (approximative) probability calculation schemes.
Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne roślinności obszarów zalewowych strefy Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne roślinności obszarów zalewowych strefy ujścia rzeki Warty do zbiornika Jeziorsko = Spatial differentiation in floodplain vegetation as exemplified by the Warta’s inflow into Jeziorsko Reservoir
Authors: Wojterska Maria , Ratyńska Halina
Published: November 2019

The aim of our work to describe the plant cover in the area of the river Warta’s inflow and discharge into the Reservoir. To the above end, field studies were conducted along 6 transects (10 m wide and 513 to 2416 m long, depending on the influence of surface waters) intended to reveal abrasive, accumulative and stabilised impacts of water. Różnorodność roślinności i dynamika procesów sukcesyjnych związanych z aktywnością wód powierzchniowych wskazuje na potrzebę dla ochrony prawnej nie tylko ptaków, ale także siedlisk. Obszar ten dobrze ilustruje zjawiska związane z działalnością dużej rzeki, z różnorodnością roślinności kolejno seria tego rodzaju, której nie można już znaleźć pod tamą Reservoir.
Foreign Bodies in the Nuremberg Chronicle
Authors: Strickland Debra Higgs
Published: November 2019

Hartmann Schedel’s Liber Chronicarum (1493), better known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, pictures and describes world civilisations and illustrious individuals from Creation to 1493. Although its sources and circumstances of production have been extensively explored, the cultural significance of its many woodcut images has received far less attention. This preliminary study highlights relationships between images, audience and the humanist agenda of Schedel and his milieu by examining selected representations of cultural outsiders with reference to external illustrated genres that demonstrated the centrality of Others in German Christian culture. I argue that the Chronicle’s images of ‘foreign bodies’ harnessed their audience’s established fascination with monsters, wonders, witchcraft, Jews and the Ottoman Turks to advance the German humanist goal of elevating the position of Germania on the world historical stage and in so doing, contributed to the emerging idea of a German national identity.
Picturing Art History in Eighteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Wouk Edward
Published: November 2019

Rylands English MS 60, compiled for the Spencer family in the eighteenth century, contains 130 printed portraits of early modern artists gathered from diverse sources and mounted in two albums: 76 portraits in the first volume, which is devoted to northern European artists, and 54 in the second volume, containing Italian and French painters. Both albums of this ‘Collection of Engravings of Portraits of Painters’ were initially planned to include a written biography of each artist copied from the few sources available in English at the time, but that part of the project was abandoned. This article relates English MS 60 to shifting practices of picturing art history. It examines the rise of printed artists’ portraits, tracing the divergent histories of the genre south and north of the Alps, and explores how biographical approaches to the history of art were being replaced, in the eighteenth century, by the development of illustrated texts about art.
Redes sociales, periodismo y revoluciones
Authors: Pérez Beatriz
Published: November 2019

Las revoluciones vividas en 2011, así como el asesinato de Bin Laden, han puesto de manifiesto dos cosas: el importante papel del periodista ciudadano y la necesidad de los medios de acudir a las redes sociales para saber qué piensa la ciudadanía e informarse de todo aquello que el poder oculta.
VisDa: creación de un plugin para WordPress (II)
Authors: Rodríguez Enric , Minguillón Julià , Gassó Pep , Al-kassimi Tamer , Alcalde Ignasi
Published: November 2019

Éste es el trabajo llevado a cabo por el segundo de los grupos participantes del taller VisDa, donde se explican los pasos que se deben seguir para crear un plugin para Mosaic que permita acceder de manera visual a todos los contenidos de los diez años de la revista.
Respetando los derechos de autor
Authors: Vida Barea Francisco
Published: November 2019

Mediante la realización de esta práctica se llegan a conocer los principios básicos sobre la propiedad intelectual, a localizar e identificar las fuentes de recursos y a usar procedimientos de reutilización y difusión de obras que deben formar parte de las competencias básicas del profesional del multimedia.
Invasions of gladiolus rust in North America are caused by a widely-distributed clone ofUromycestransversalis
Authors: DeLong Jeffery A. , Stewart Jane E. , Valencia-Botín Alberto , Pedley Kerry F. , Buck James W. , Brewer Marin T.
Published: November 2019

Uromyces transversalis, the causal agent of Gladiolus rust, is an invasive plant pathogen in the United States and is regulated as a quarantine pathogen in Europe. The aim of this research was to: (i) determine the origin of introductions ofU. transversalisto the United States, (ii) track the movement of genotypes, and (iii) understand the worldwide genetic diversity of the species. To develop molecular markers for genotyping, whole genome sequencing was performed on three isolates collected in the United States. Genomes were assembledde novoand searched for microsatellite regions. Primers were developed and tested on ten isolates from the United States resulting in the identification of 24 polymorphic markers. Among 92 isolates collected from Costa Rica, Mexico, New Zealand, Australia, and the United States there were polymorphisms within isolates with no genotypic diversity detected among isolates; however, missing data among the New Zealand and Australia isolates due to either poor amplification of degraded DNA or null alleles as a result of genetic differences made it difficult to generate conclusions about these populations. The microsatellite loci and flanking regions showed high diversity and two divergent genomes within dikaryotic individuals, yet no diversity among individuals, suggesting that the invasiveU. transversalispopulations from North America are strictly clonal.
Personality Dimensions as Predictors of Suicidal Ideation among Selected Prison Inmates in Anambra State, Nigeria: A Demographical Perspective
Authors: Okeke Afamefuna O. , Ogbonnaya Chisom E.
Published: November 2019

The plights of prison inmates cannot be over emphasized and it has been one of much debate characterized with agitations by the civil liberties group and other human rights organizations owing to the increase in suicidal ideation rates globally, which have prompted unsuccessful attempt by the government and its institutions to correct this problem with little or no success until date. This study examined personality characteristics as predictors of suicidal ideation among a group of selected prison inmates in Anambra State. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted in the study. Accidental sampling technique was used to select two hundred and ninety-six (296) inmates from The Nigerian Prisons Service, Headquarters Amawbia, Akwa, and the Nigerian Prison in Amawbia and Onitsha. The Big-Five Inventory (BFI) and the Suicide Ideation Scale (SIS), were used to gather necessary information for the study with Cronbach’s Alpha of .91 and .89 respectively.Three hypotheses were formulated and tested using Hierarchical Regression Analysis. The results showed that demographic variables gender, (β = -.03.), age (β = .14) and education (β = -.07.) were not significant predictors of suicidal ideation. The Big Five personality dimensions indicated that only openness inversely predicted of suicidal ideation (β = -.13). However, extraversion (β = .09.), neuroticism (β = .04.), conscientiousness (β = -.05.), and agreeableness (β = -.03.) did not predict suicidal ideation. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that Nigerian Prison Service should engage inmates into therapeutic programmes and clinical interventions that increase self-awareness and psycho-emotional development of personality to reduce ideation towards suicide.
Variation in Soil Chemical and Microbiological Properties as a Result of Yearly Amendment with Organic Fertilizer
Authors: A. Babalola O. , O. Adigun M. , O. Abiola I.
Published: November 2019

Millions of organic fertilizers are produced annually all over the world. Substantial quantities of these were crop residues and the remaining being animal waste based. Meanwhile maintaining and improving soil fertility in the tropic is essential for increasing food production for rapidly expanding the population. This project work, therefore, investigated the variation in soil chemical and microbiological properties as a result of yearly amendment with compost. The experimental site was the Organic Agricultural Farm located within the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. Soil samples were collected between 0 – 15 cm depth using soil auger and the samples were analyzed for the following soil parameters; total viable counts, total fungal counts, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, percentage organic carbon, microarthropod counts and earthworm counts. The experiment was a split-plot design using 2 varieties of tomato x 3 levels of compost and two durations of application. The variations include one improved variety (UCB 8) and a local variety (Beske), rate of compost – (0, 10, and 20) kg/ha and years of application (one and two years). Results generally showed that: duration has a significant effect on viable counts, microarthropod counts, microbial biomass P, microbial biomass C and percentage organic carbon but has no significant effect on fungal counts, microbial biomass nitrogen, and earthworm counts. The results indicate that application of compost manure is the preferred option to enhance SOM accumulation, improve soil fertility and quality, and increase tomato yield.
Effect of Organic Nutrient Management on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in South Gujarat Condition
Authors: Safiullah Khuwaja , Akbar Ansari Mahammad , Hotak Sadiq
Published: November 2019

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic nutrient on soil properties. During rabi season of 2016-17 at Organic Farm (F block), Aspee College of Horticulture and Forestry Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari Gujarat. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomizes Block Design, comprising fifteen treatment combinations. The results indicated that significantly higher organic carbon content (1.22 %), available Nitrogen (229.52 kgN/ha), phosphorus, P2O5 (106.51 kgP/ha), potassium, K2O (599.60 kgK/ha) and Zinc (0.61 mgZn/kg) were found with the treatment O1 (100 % Nadep compost) and at par with O2 whereas, treatment O2 (75 % Nadep compost) registered significantly higher DTPA-Fe (15.35 mgFe/kg) and Manganese (17.27 mgMn/kg). No significant effect of different levels of Nadep compost was observed on pH, electric conductivity (EC), copper, DTPA-Cu and soil physical properties. Application of liquid organic manure failed to generate any significant effect on soil physic-chemical properties.
Relationship between Spatial Variability Pattern of Wheat Yield and Soil Properties
Authors: Karami Alidad , Afzalinia Sadegh
Published: November 2019

Aims: Determining effects of spatial variation of some soil properties on wheat quantity and quality variation in order that proper soil and inputs management can be applied for sustainable wheat production.

Study Design: Analyzing data of a field with center pivot irrigation system and uniform management using the geostatistical method.

Place and Duration of Study: Soil and Water Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Darab, Iran, from September 2013 to February 2014.

Methodology: Wheat yield data harvested by class lexion 510 combine from 25 m2 plots (11340 locations) with the corresponding geographical location were used. Besides, soil properties and wheat yield were measured at 36 randomly selected points on the field. Interpolation of parameters was predicted with the best semi-variogram model using kriging, inverse distance weighted (IDW), and cokriging methods.

Results: Results showed that wheat yield varied from 2 to 10.08 tons per hectare. Cokriging with cofactor of kernel weight interpolator had more accuracy compared to the combine default interpolator (kriging). A logical, linear correlation was found between different parameters. The best variogram model for pH, OC, and ρb was exponential, for EC, TNV, SP, soil silt and clay percentage was spherical, and for soil, percentage sand was Gaussian model. Data of soil sand, silt, and clay percentage, EC, TNV, and SP had strong spatial structure, and soil pH, OC, and ρb had moderate spatial structure. The best interpolation method for soil pH, EC, sand and silt percentage was kriging method; while, for TNV, SP, OC, ρb, and clay percentage was IDW.

Conclusion: There was a close relationship between wheat yield variation and changes in the soil properties. Soil properties and wheat yield distribution maps provided valuable information which could be used for wheat yield improvement in precision agriculture.
Short-term Influence of Organic Matter and Saline Water on Inorganic Soil Phosphorus Transformation in Barisal and Dumuria Soil Series of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md. Zulfikar , Islam Md. Ariful , Hossin Russel , Amin Md. Sadiqul
Published: November 2019

A laboratory incubation experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of soil salinity and organic matter on inorganic phosphorus transformation with times in two different soil series such as Barisal and Dumuria located in Ganges Tidal Floodplain sites of Bangladesh. Two representative soil samples were collected from surface soil (0-15 cm) with composite sampling. The salinity and organic matter treatments were 4 dS m-1 and 5 t ha-1 (decomposed cow dung) with three replications. The treated soils were then incubated in the laboratory at field capacity moisture condition. To determine the transformation of different forms of inorganic P, sampling was done for 0, 7, 15 and 30 days. Different forms of inorganic P such as soluble and exchangeable phosphorus (SE-P), iron and aluminium bound phosphorus (Fe and Al-P), calcium bound phosphorus (Ca-P) and residual phosphorus (RE-P) were determined at different days of incubation. For Barisal soil series, the sequence of different forms of inorganic P was Ca-P>RE-P>Fe and Al-P>SE-P according to their amount. For Dumuria soil series, the sequence was Ca-P>RE-P>Fe and Al-P>SE-P, respectively. The sequence clearly indicates that the soluble and exchangeable P increases with time due to a combination of salinity and decomposed organic matter which increases the uptake of P and ultimately increases the yield. The changes were statistically significant (P < 0.001) in the case of all three soils.
Effect of Phosphorus Levels on Soil Properties and Plant Tissues of Two Nerica Varieties
Authors: E. Mathew Etabo , N. Wafula Wekha , K. Korir Nicholas , P. Gweyi-Onyango J.
Published: November 2019

Phosphorus levels in the soil are easily fixed and rendered unavailable to plants even if they are found to be high and therefore, its influence on uptake of other nutrients such as nitrogen, and potassium cannot be overemphasized. In that view, an experiment was set out at KALRO-Mwea to investigate on the effect of phosphorus levels on soil properties and plant tissue nutrient contents of Nerica rice variety. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design in split-split plot arrangement and replicated thrice. Two rice varieties (Nerica 11 and Nerica 4) formed the main plots and 4 phosphorus levels (0 kg P/ha, 25 kg P/ha, 50 kg P/ha and 75 kg P/ha) formed the sub plots. Highest net pH decreases of 0.20 and 0.22 units were recorded at 75 Kg haˉ¹ P2O5 in season 1 and season 2 respectively, while the lowest net decreases of 0.12 and 0.16 were elicited at 50 Kg haˉ¹ P2O5 treatment in season 1 and season 2 respectively. A net decrease was observed in all the CEC levels where phosphorus was applied in all the seasons in which the highest net decrease of 1.09 and 1.03 during season 1 and 2 respectively was elicited on the control treatment, while the lowest net decrease of 0.61 and 0.59 was elicited by the 50 Kg haˉ¹ P2O5 rate in season 1 and 2 respectively. There was an inverse relationship exhibited between the phosphorus level of applications and the soil phosphorus net decrease across the two seasons. The net decrease was highest at 0 Kg haˉ¹ P2O5 and increased significantly with increasing phosphorus rate. That content of soil nitrogen were low with a marginal increase recorded with application of phosphorus across the seasons. The highest net increase of 0.05% was observed at the 75 Kg haˉ¹ P2O5 rate and control in season 1 while the application rate of 50 Kg haˉ¹ P2O5 had the lowest net increase of 0.02% in season 2. Highest mean plant-tissue phosphorus of 62.05 ppm was recorded in Nerica 4 under 75 kg P/ha treatment. Highest plant tissue nitrogen of 0.686% and 0.713% for Nerica 4 and 11 respectively were elicited at 75 kg haˉ¹ P2O5  in season 1, whereas in season 2 the highest plant tissue nitrogen of 0.721% and 0.691% at 75 kg haˉ¹ P2O5  for Nerica 11 and 4 respectively was recorded. Application of phosphorous led to the highest plant-tissue phosphorus in both seasons indicating the importance of proper P fertilizer application where from this study 50-75 kg haˉ¹ P2O5 rate is recommended in rice growing.
Effects of Phosphorus Sources and Application Rates on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Rice Plant
Authors: Massawe Prosper I. , Mrema Jerome
Published: November 2019

A study was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and P use efficiency from Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR), Minjingu mazao and Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) fertilizers under irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Lekitatu village, Meru district, Arusha region, Tanzania. The initial soil pH in the two experimental sites was slightly alkaline while total N and available P was low and medium respectively. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was adopted and phosphorus was applied at the rates of 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P ha-1 as MPR, Minjingu mazao and TSP. Nitrogen was applied uniformly at a rate of 60 kg N ha-1 as urea taking into account the 10% N contained in the Minjingu mazao fertilizer. Phosphorus application increased N and P contents in the rice plants and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) with the increase of P levels from 0 to 60 kg P ha-1 for all P sources. The site 1 had more PUE than site 2 due to higher moisture content. These effects were due to increased availability and nutrients uptake by plants, particularly P. Based on the results, it is recommended that; Minjingu mazao at the rates of 40 to 60 kg P ha-1, MPR and TSP at a rate of 60 kg P ha-1, respectively have to be adopted for sustainable soil P use in rice production areas of Lekitatu village.
Effect of Phosphorus Levels on Yield Components and Grain Yield of Two Nerica Varieties in Mwea
Authors: Mathew Etabo Edung , Korir N. K. , Gweyi-Onyango J. P.
Published: November 2019

Phosphorus is one macronutrient that commonly gets fixed and accumulates into soils after it has been in use for long, thus becoming readily unavailable to plants in subsequent years. Such scenario is ontological in Mwea where rice farming is practiced, yet this element is one main critical nutrient that plants cannot do without for they need it for root initiation, root development, photosynthesis, grain- formation, grain-filling, as well as yielding. In that view therefore, an experiment was undertaken in Mwea irrigation scheme with the aim of investigating on the influence of phosphorus levels on yield components and grain yield of Nerica 4 and 11. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design in split-plot arrangement replicated thrice. Two rice varieties (Nerica 4 and Nerica 11) formed main plots and phosphorus levels (0 kg P/ha, 25 kg P/ha, 50 kg P/ha and 75 kg P/ha) formed split plots. Data was collected on appropriate parameters between week 4 and 19 after sowing at intervals of three weeks. Results demonstrated that phosphorus levels significantly influenced the 1000-grain weight and number of panicles in the tested varieties. Additionally, Grain yield mean variation was observed, where highest grain yield of 0.988 tons per hectare was produced in Nerica 4 on 50 kg P/ha in season 2, while least grain yield of 0.831 tons per hectare was still produced in the same variety on control in season 1, thus 50 kg P/ha on Nerica 4 is recommended for rice farming in Mwea. The study would be used as a body of guidelines and information for judicial, responsible, and promotion of prescribed application of phosphates in Nerica rice farming at planting for realization of higher yields between the two Nerica varieties (Nerica 4 and 11) in Mwea and with like agro ecological areas.
Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern and Plasmid Profile of Escherichia coli O157 Isolated from Fecal Samples of Apparently Healthy Children
Authors: E. Falowo D. , Oluyele O. , K. Oladunmoye M.
Published: November 2019

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an enterohemorrhagic serotype of the bacterium Escherichia coli. It is a cause of severe colitis, bloody diarrhoea and Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) which is associated with life threatening systemic manifestations. This study was designed to investigate the occurrence, antibiotics susceptibility pattern and plasmid profile of E. coli O157 from fecal samples of children. A total of 311 fecal samples were collected from apparently healthy children (111 males and 200 females) within the age range of 0-5 years at Mother and Child Hospital, Anchorite Daycare, Women’s’ Forum Daycare and FUTA Daycare in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The fecal samples were screened using standard bacteriological and serological techniques. Twenty one (6.75%) of the samples were positive for E. coli O157. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was carried out using disk diffusion technique, many of the isolates displayed multi-drug resistance to the antibiotics employed in this study. The resistance pattern observed is as follows: Ceftriazone 19 (90.5%), Amoxycilin 18 (85.7%), Tetracycline 13 (61.9%), Gentamycin 11(52.4%), Cotrimoxazole 9 (42.9%), Augmentin 8 (25.8%), Ofloxacin 2 (9.5%), Ciprofloxacin 2 (9.5%) and Nitrofurantoin 2 (9.5%). Plasmid profiling of the strains revealed the presence of multiple plasmids ranging in sizes from 4.0 to 17.5 kb. Conclusively, since the mode of transmission of this pathogen is via the fecal-oral route and an exceptionally low dose of the organism is able to cause infection. It is therefore recommended that routine screening is carried out to determine the carrier rate of the organism, more public awareness should be carried out to educate the community on need for adherence to personal hygiene, environmental hygiene and good food handling practices to prevent an outbreak.
Response to Cassava Brown Streak Disease Infections in Local and Improved Cassava Genotypes under Field and Greenhouse Assays in Lower Eastern Kenya
Authors: Koima I. N. , Orek C. O.
Published: November 2019

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is caused by two cassava brown streak viruses (CBSVs) transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). CBSD significantly inhibits cassava production in Kenya through losses of up to 100% in farmer-preferred but susceptible varieties. As a management strategy, the present study evaluated the effect of CBSD on two local varieties (Thika-5 & Serere) and 15 improved genotypes in lower Eastern Kenya. Between October 2016 and June 2017, the genotypes were infected with CBSVs through whitefly transmission under field experiment at SEKU research farm (1.31ºS, 37.75ºE) and chip-bud grafting at KALRO-Katumani (1.35ºS, 37.14ºS) greenhouse conditions. RCBD and CRD experimental designs were respectively applied in field and greenhouse assays. CBSD symptoms were quantified through disease incidence (DIC) and severity (DSY) every 3 months for the field experiment and weekly for greenhouse assay. At harvest, storage root necrosis (SRN) was scored and non-necrotic roots weighed as marketable root yield (MRY). Molecular diagnostics was accomplished through duplex RT-PCR. Results revealed significantly (P≤0.01) higher foliar field DIC (81- 100%) and SRN (2.3 – 5.0) recorded in Thika-5 and Serere compared to all the improved genotypes that were foliarly asymptomatic (0% DIC and mean SRN of 1.0). Concomitantly and substantially lower (P≤0.01) MRY (1.99 – 2.16 t/ha) were bulked by Thika-5 and Serere compared to 10 improved genotypes that bulked 5.81 – 9.21 t/ha MRY. Upon chip-bud graft infection, Thika-5 and Serere showed higher DIC of 81 – 90% compared to four improved genotypes with 20 - 35% DIC. Correlations between MRY, DIC and SRN were inverse and significant (P≤0.01). RT-PCR detected pre-dominantly CBSV. In conclusion, the natural whitefly-based transmission of CBSVs was ineffective compared to chip-bud grafting. The inverse correlations between CBSD symptoms and yield corroborated the deleterious impact of CBSD on cassava production. The ten improved, high yielding and asymptomatic genotypes identified in the current study could potentially be used to confer resistance against CBSD into farmer-preferred but often sensitive varieties.
Prevalence of Pre - Extensively Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (Pre XDR-TB) & Extensively Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) among Pulmonary Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Jamnagar
Authors: Gavali Dipali , Aring Binita , Gadhavi Hiral , Nathamehta Akhlakahemad , Dave Abhishek , Nakhva Aanand
Published: November 2019

Aims and Objective: Many diseases have a high prevalence in India, accounting for one-fourth of the Tuberculosis (TB) cases in the world. In our study, we aimed to find the prevalence of Pre XDR-TB and XDR-TB amongst newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary MDR-TB who had never been previously treated with second-line drugs. A prospective study was conducted in Culture and Drug susceptibility testing laboratory, Jamnagar and its associated Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) centre.

Materials and Methods: Baseline second-line liquid culture DST has been recently integrated with the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) diagnostic algorithm. We included 500 patients who were diagnosed in cases of pulmonary MDR-TB never exposed to second-line TB-Drugs. Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube method conducted in an RNTCP accredited Culture and Drug susceptibility testing laboratory, Jamnagar, as part of the evaluation in the public healthcare system from where patients were referred for diagnosis to us.

Results: 585 MDR suspected sputum samples were received, 466 sputum samples were showing culture positive for acid-fast bacilli which were screened against second-line drug susceptibility testing by using of BACTEC MGIT 960 (MGIT 960) instrument. About 293 Mycobacterium samples were MDR-TB, 151 were Pre- XDR TB and 22 were XDR-TB.

Conclusion: The prevalence of Pre XDR-TB and XDR-TB among MDR-TB patients were 32.4% and 4.7% respectively. The high prevalence of Pre XDR-TB (FQ) is alarming and of concern in the management of MDR-TB control in Jamnagar area.
Assessment of Antioxidant Effects of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Zingiber officinale Rhizome in Testosterone Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Rat Model
Authors: Obisike U. A. , Boisa N. , Nwachuku E. O. , Nduka N.
Published: November 2019

Aims: To assess the antioxidant effects of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ginger rhizome in testosterone induced prostate hyperplasic male rats.

Study Design: The study was a cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The experimental aspect of this study was conducted at the animal house, Department of Pharmacology, University of Port Harcourt between April and September, 2019.

Methodology: Sixty (60) adult albino male wistar rats were used for this study. They were divided into 12 groups of 5 rats each and fed with commercial rat diet and clean drinking water. Aqueous and ethanolic extractions of Ginger rhizome seed were prepared using the maceration method. BPH was induced in rats after they submitted to bilateral orchiectomy by daily injections of testosterone propionate (TP) (4 mg/kg b.wt.sc). Rats were treated with 500 or 1500 mg/kg b.wt. of aqueous or ethanoI extracts of Zingiber officinale (Zo) rhizome, dutasteride or in combination.  Administration of extracts was done by gavage. Plasma total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, were analysed using sandwich ELISA Kits by Shanghai Korain Biotech Co., Ltd, China, while oxidative stress indices (OSI) were calculated. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0 of Windows Stat Pac and p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: The results showed that exogenous induction of BPH in rats significantly increased (p=0.000) plasma TOS and OSI while TAS and SOD activities were reduced. However, 500 and 1500 mg/kg b.wt. of Zo rhizome administered orally after exogenous induction of BPH had been established for 15 days, significantly decreased (p=0.000) TOS, OSI and significantly improved the activities of antioxidant parameters like SOD and TAS. Non-significantly increased mean TAS and SOD were seen in a combination of both extracts with dutasteride, possibly suggestive of synergistic interaction between the herbs and the drug. Simultaneous administration of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Zo rhizome with TP for 30 days also showed antioxidant qualities, although the effects were statistically not better than values for treatments done when BPH was established before treatment. Ethanolic extracts of Zo rhizome produced better antioxidant effects compared to the aqueous extracts.

Conclusion: From the findings, we conclude that Zo rhizome can ameliorate oxidative stress and therefore may be beneficial in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
GC/MS Analysis of n-Hexane and Chloroform Extracts of Chenopodium murale Leaves in Iraq
Authors: Saadi Farhan Muthanna , Haseeb Khamees Amjed , Hussein Ahmed Omar , AmerTawfeeq Amani , Saad Yaseen Yahya
Published: November 2019

Chenopodium murale L. it is an essential annual herbaceous weed belongs to the genus Chenopodium and family Chenopodiaceae. Chenopodium murale L. commonly called as nettle leaf goosefoot. Aim of this study is the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of chemical constituents of Chenopodium murale leaves in two different extracts; n-hexane and chloroform. These extracts contain 37 chemical components which are Monoterpenes, steroids precursor and fatty acids. Furthermore the n- hexane extract revealed about 35.22% of cyclic and acyclic monoterpenoids, fatty acid about 2.07%, also 2.31% of nitrogenous compounds and sterol precursor about 0.41%.

However the chloroform extract revealed the presence of linolenic acid representing 13.54% and neo menthol representing 18.87%, also the other minor components are carvone oxide (0.27%), alpha- pinene epoxide (1.71%), Trans- Squalene (0.77%) and other minor bioactive components.
Retinopathy Associated with Adjuvant Interferon in a Patient with Malignant Melanoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dogan Mahmut
Published: November 2019

Interferons are kinds of proteins with immuneregulatory, antiviral and anti-proliferative functions. Interferons are widely used worldwide for the treatment of many diseases including cancer, hepatit C and immune mediated disease such as multiple sclerosis. Long-term use of interferons have some side effects. However, interferons have ophthalmologic side effects. Ocular toxicity may occur at any time during treatment. There is no association between the dose or duration of interferon treatment and ocular toxicity. Although visual acuity returns to normal in most patients when interferon is discontinued, vision loss may be permanent.
Development of a dynamic blood vessel phantom for evaluation of moving images
Authors: Osawa Miwa , Kondo Keisuke , Hisaya Sato , Kato Kyoichi
Published: November 2019

In coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), it is important for radiological technologists to optimize the balance between radiation dose and image quality for physicians to be able to perform CAG and PCI most effectively. Evaluation of image processing is necessary to ensure that technologists can optimally adjust image quality for clinical use to the extent that physicians require. However, few phantoms are available for evaluating fluoroscopic image processing, and this makes it necessary to adjust image quality in clinical settings while utilizing the image processing according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. In this study, we developed a dynamic phantom that mimics a pulsating coronary artery for use in image quality analysis of moving images. We also examined whether processed images (image lag) can be physically analyzed. Two issues require special attention in creating a new phantom: establishing the exact position of the simulated blood vessel in the phantom, and providing good reproducibility. The study used the rotational motion of a disk to generate images, with a circular simulated blood vessel on the rotating acrylic disk, with the center of the simulated blood vessel shifted from the center of the acrylic disk. This enabled the reproduction of translational motion of the simulated blood vessel. As a result, because this phantom has signals and afterimages at the same position (of a simulated blood vessel), a quantitative evaluation of the afterimages became possible. In the evaluation of the image processing with the angiograph, it was shown that evaluations of image lag which are typically performed in clinical settings can be performed with the dynamic blood vessel phantom.
Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Stereodefined Di‐ and Trisubstituted Alkenylaluminum Compounds to Acyclic Enones
Authors: McGrath Kevin P. , Hubbell Aran K. , Zhou Yuebiao , Santos Damián Padín , Torker Sebastian , Romiti Filippo , Hoveyda Amir H.
Published: November 2019

Catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition (ECA) reactions with readily accessible and stereochemically defined E‐, Z‐, di‐ and trisubstituted alkenyl aluminum compounds are disclosed. Transformations are promoted by various NHC‐copper catalysts (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene), which are derived from enantiomerically pure sulfonate imidazolinium salts. The desired products were obtained in up to 89% yield and >99:1 e.r.; the alkenyl moiety was transferred with complete retention of its stereochemical identity in all instances. The scope and limitations of the approach, key mechanistic attributes, and representative functionalization are presented as well.

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Iron‐Catalyzed Chemoselective C−N Coupling Reaction: A Protecting‐Group‐Free Amination of Aryl Halides Bearing Amino or Hydroxy Groups
Authors: Aoki Yuma , Toyoda Takahiro , Kawasaki Hiroto , Takaya Hikaru , Sharma Akhilesh K. , Morokuma Keiji , Nakamura Masaharu
Published: November 2019

A chemoselective C−N coupling (Buchwald‐Hartwig‐type) reaction of diarylamines with aryl halides bearing non‐protected amino or hydroxy groups proceeds in the presence of a simple iron catalyst. Upon treatment with Grignard reagents, various diarylamines can be cross‐coupled with halocarbazoles, haloindoles, haloanilines, and halophenols to afford the corresponding triarylamines, without the undesired dimerization or oligomerization of the starting aryl halides. DFT studies on the dimeric iron amide intermediates reveal that the reductive elimination can be the selectivity determining step. Finally, a short‐step synthesis of a thermally activated delayed‐fluorescence emitter, DACT‐II, demonstrates the synthetic utility of the present method.
Estimating the stature of ancient high‐altitude Andean populations from skeletal remains of the Chachapoya of Peru
Authors: Anzellini Armando , Toyne Jennifer Marla
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Previous studies have demonstrated the need for regionally specific stature estimation formulae due to the geographical specificity of limb proportionality related to the effects of environmental pressures on growth and development. High‐altitude Andean populations have often been neglected in the creation of these formulae. This study uses a hybrid approach to create linear regression formulae for stature estimation and test their accuracy when compared previously published formulae traditionally used in Andean bioarchaeology.

Materials and Methods

We studied a sample from a high‐altitude Andean population to create linear regression formulae based on anatomical estimates of stature from the femur, tibia, and calcaneus and compare the newly created formulae with those traditionally employed in Andean bioarchaeology. We also examine the reliability of calcanei in stature estimation by creating and testing regression formulae based on metrics from that element.

Results

We include specific formulae accurate to within 1 cm of anatomical stature estimates using femoral, tibial, and calcaneal metrics. These formulae provide estimates that are closer to anatomical stature than those traditionally used in the Andes. ANOVA results were statistically significant for differences between Andean‐derived and Mesoamerican‐derived formulae.

Discussion

Although regionally proximate (mid‐altitude) formulae provide estimates approximating population‐specific formulae, those created from geographically distant populations from sites at or near sea‐level are inappropriate in high‐altitude studies. Like some previous studies on stature, we found that the most accurate estimates were based on the tibia rather than the femur and that the calcaneus can be used reliably in stature estimation when no other element is present or measurable.
Quantifying the impact of adherence to screening strategies on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality
Authors: D’Andrea Elvira , Ahnen Dennis J. , Sussman Daniel A. , Najafzadeh Mehdi
Published: November 2019

Current recommendations of The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening strategies are based on models that assume 100% adherence. Since adherence can have a large effect on screening outcomes, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of CRC screening strategies under reported adherence rates at the population level. We developed and validated a microsimulation model to assess the effectiveness of colonoscopy (COL), flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS), high‐sensitivity guaiac fecal occult blood‐test (HS‐gFOBT), fecal immunochemical test (FIT), multitarget stool DNA test (FIT‐DNA), computed tomography colonography (CTC), and methylated SEPT9 DNA test (SEPT9) in terms of CRC incidence and mortality, incremental life years gained (LYG), number of colonoscopies, and adverse events for men and women 50 years or older over their lifetime. We assessed outcomes under 100% adherence rates and reported adherence rates. We also performed sensitivity analyses to evaluate the impact of varying adherence levels on CRC outcomes. Assuming 100% adherence, FIT‐DNA, FIT, HS‐gFOBT, and SEPT9 averted 42‐45 CRC cases and 25‐26 CRC deaths, COL 46 cases and 26 deaths, CTC 39 cases and 23 deaths, FS 32 cases and 19 deaths per 1000 individuals. Assuming reported adherence, SEPT9 averted 37 CRC cases and 23 CRC deaths, COL 34 cases and 20 deaths, FIT‐DNA, FIT, CTC and HS‐gFOBT 16‐25 cases and 10‐16 deaths per 1000 individuals. LYG reflected the effectiveness of each strategy in reducing CRC cases and deaths. Adverse events were more common for COL (3.7 per 1000 screened) and annual SEPT9 (3.4 per 1000 screened), and proportional to the number of colonoscopies. Among the screening strategies recommended by USPSTF, colonoscopy results in the largest benefit when we account for adherence. Adherence rates higher than 65%‐70% would be required for any stool or blood‐based screening modality to match the benefits of colonoscopy.
The Right to Be Counted: Student Retention and the Washington State LGBTQ Student Success Initiative
Authors: Trimble Danielle V.
Published: November 2019

This chapter examines student success outcomes utilizing sexual and gender identity student data.
Long‐term outcome of percutaneous intervention for pulmonary vein stenosis after pulmonary vein isolation procedure
Authors: Suntharos Patcharapong , Worley Sarah E. , Liu Wei , Siperstein Marion , Prieto Lourdes R.
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Report long‐term outcomes of percutaneous intervention in patients with pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) from a single center over 16 years.

Background

Outcome reports of percutaneous intervention for PVS resulting from PVI are limited.

Methods

Retrospective review of all patients with PVS after PVI who underwent percutaneous intervention at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between January 2000 and December 2016.

Results

A total of 205 patients underwent cardiac catheterization for PVS during the study period. Completely occluded veins which could not be recanalized occurred in six patients. Of the remaining 199 patients, 27 (14%) were lost to follow‐up, leaving 172 patients with 276 veins for analysis. Balloon angioplasty was performed in 62 veins and stent implantation in 250 (primary in 214, to treat postdilation restenosis in 36). Re‐intervention occurred in 45/62 (73%) balloon‐dilated veins and 45/250 (18%) stented veins. Freedom from re‐intervention at 1 and 5 years was 90 and 73% following stenting versus 40 and 23% following balloon dilation (p < .001, Hazard ratio (HR) = 5.7). Veins with stent diameter ≥7 mm (n = 231) had greater freedom from re‐intervention (95% at 1 year, 79% at 5 years) than veins with stents <7 mm (43% at 1 year, 9% at 5 years), p < .001. There was clear symptomatic improvement after intervention and no procedural mortality.

Conclusions

Stent implantation at ≥7 mm for PVS after PVI is associated with low rates of re‐intervention, in contrast to balloon dilation and stenting with small conventional stents.