bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Model and Function Analysis of City Fire Protection Remote Monitoring System
Authors: Liu Xiao Dong , Li Ya Rong , Yang Bao Qing , Liu Jia
Published: June 2012

As the urbanized construction expansion and the increasing social needs of the fire safety prevention capacities, not only it is necessary that the city fire remote monitoring system is widely spread, but also the function and reliability is emphasized. The article has introduced a common application model of city fire protection remote monitoring system, and has deeply analyzed the structure characteristic of monitoring system from the aspect of intellectual testing system as well as provided dealing methods of system structure to different application situations. Finally, the system performance evaluation of system is discussed, which can provide reference to city fire remote monitoring system.
Research and Design of Green Wave Control in Urban Emergency Traffic
Authors: Wu Lei , Xiong Xiao Yun , Wang De Xing
Published: June 2012

When a disaster occurred in a city, the most important thing is succors and equipment of rescuing arriving at the disaster spot rapidly. We bring up a method of emergency traffic commanding based on GIS and GPS in this paper. The wrecking car installed mobile information terminal transmits the GPS real-time position information to the command center. The command center setups GIS platform, and sends an optimum route of arriving at the disaster spot to the wrecking car based on the condition of real-time traffic, then sends the signal controlling sequence to the traffic signal light of intersection on this optimum route in turn, in order to create “Green Wave” for wrecking car and make it arrive at the disaster spot rapidly.
Effect of Tool Edge Geometry on Cutting Force and Surface Roughness when Hard Turning Tool Steel
Authors: Noordin Mohd Yusof , Davoudinejad Ali , Shaari Mohd Rosmaini
Published: June 2012

High usage of hardened steel in the automotive, gear, bearing, tool and die making industries, makes it a highly suitable material for industrial production and research. This study was undertaken to investigate the performance of coated ceramic insert with different edge preparations in terms of cutting force and surface roughness. Plain turning experiments were carried out under dry cutting condition at two different cutting speeds and feed rates with a constant depth of cut. The workpiece material is ASSAB DF-3 hardened steel with a 55 ±1 HRC hardness. Results showed that insert edge preparation had a direct influence on the radial and feed forces but not on the tangential force. The use of T-land edge preparation results in the lowest radial and feed forces. In terms of surface finish, the use of honed with finishing wiper insert results in obtaining the lowest surface roughness values. Feed rate had a significant effect on surface roughness whereby by increasing feed rate, the surface roughness value also increased, whereas the effect of cutting speed was found to be insignificant. Increasing cutting speed resulted in lower feed and tangential forces however by increasing feed rate all cutting forces increased.
Application and Design for Weighing Systems Using RF IC Card
Authors: Li Hui , Wei Ming Jun
Published: June 2012

This paper introduces the application mode about the material weighing systems by using non-contact RF IC Card, designs the storage mode of the IC card and some key program for reading information from handset IC card.
Effects of Grinding Method on the Two-Side Direction Burr in Grinding-Hardening Machining
Authors: Xiong Jin Kui , Liu Ju Dong , Yuan Wei
Published: June 2012

Based on the grinding-hardening test, the types of two-side direction burr were classified; the changing rules of size in the two-side direction burr and the influence of grinding method on the maximum burr size were studied. The results shown, that the size of the burr was increased gradually from the cut-in point to the cut-out point of grinding in one-passes grinding. In two-passes grinding or three-passes grinding, the burr was basically the same. Under this experimental condition, the changing of grinding method affected the height of the burr more, but little to the thickness of the burr root. Meanwhile, the ways of restraining or decreasing the size of the burr in grinding-hardening machining were developed.
Application of OpenGL in NC Turning Simulation
Authors: Wang Yao , Sun Li Xia , Fan Jiu Chen
Published: June 2012

This paper introduces the modular structure of NC turning simulation system and the characters of OpenGL. OpenGL is the standard interface of three-dimensional graphic software, and its main functions include modeling, transformation, mode setting of color, light and material setting, texture mapping, double buffer animation, etc. The application of OpenGL in development for NC turning simulation system is described, at the same time, its effect on three aspects of solid modeling, realistic effect and animation demonstration is specially illustrated. Simulation results prove that the NC turning simulation system based on OpenGL runs reliably, and can effectively simulate the machining process in real time.
Fireworks Simulator Based on an Improved Particle System
Authors: Tang Bin , Kang Bao Sheng , Wang Guo Dong , Kang Jian Chao , Zhao Jian Dong
Published: June 2012

This paper proposes an algorithm to generate and render fireworks in real-time based on programmable graphics hardware, which divides the queue into several regions to save the time when waiting for CPU, and uses the XML external data and XNA framework to achieve the fast simulation of fireworks. The experimental results show that the algorithm can draw the fireworks vividly, meets the demand of real-timing very well, and has a great scalability.
Improve the Quality of the Paper with a Surface Coating of Silica in Rice Husk
Authors: Burana T. , Tipsotnaiyana Nitus , Kajondecha P.
Published: June 2012

Rice husk is a form of agricultural biomass that provides an abundant silicon dioxides source. This study used rice husk ash as a material to prepare paper coating. Silica powder has been synthesized by the refluxing of rice husk ash with HCl 1,2 and 3 M at different time (60 and 120 min.) The silicon dioxide extraction yield reached 85% and was effect by concentration of HCl solution and reaction time. The structure of the obtained silica powder were characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Particle size distribution (PSD), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), CIE L*a*b* (Visible spectrophotometer) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The highest purity of silica sample were 98.7% SiO2, CIE L*a*b* = 94.79 +0.48 +1.24, ∆E ≈ 3.28 (white powder) and 2Ɵ = 22o (silica). Particle had a uniform size less than 3 μm. The paper coating was made from acrylic resin mixed with synthesized silica that refluxing by HCl 2 M 120 min at different ratio (2%, 4% and 6%) and paper coated with a gravure printing machine. The qualities of paper coating were analyzed from viscosity, Transparency (Density) and color gamut of inkjet printing. The paper coating that mixed synthesized silica from rice husk 4% was highest qualities because have viscosity 358 ± 24.99ctp., Density = 0.19, and widely color gamut.
Based on Bayesian Network of Artificial Fish of Auditory System Research
Authors: He Xiao Yang , Li Xin , Li Han
Published: June 2012

The intelligent virtual environment in an artificial fish of virtual auditory system is designed in this paper. Firstly, the model of artificial fish of auditory system in intelligent virtual environment (IVE) is built. Secondly, two-layer of artificial fish of auditory perception is designed according to the biological mechanism of auditory. The first layer is based on the design of the low frequency signal. The second layer is based on the design of the high frequency signal. And using the bayesian network(BN) to realize the acoustic signals of artificial fish to learn and memory algorithm. Get a satisfactory result through animation simulation.
A Handoff Mechanism to Support Micro-Mobility of HIP
Authors: Liu Xing Yu
Published: June 2012

HIP (Host Identity Protocol) is the current standard for supporting global mobility, however the performance degrades to support micro-mobility. In accordance with the idea of micro-mobility of mobile IP, the mobile node range of motion is divided into different administrative areas, different management areas correspond to different RVS (Rendezvous Server), we can get a mechanism to support micro-mobility management. Theoretical analysis shows that such mechanism than traditional HIP has an advantage in handoff performance, not only can reduce the handoff delay, packet loss rate and increase the success rate of handoff, but also good support micro-mobility.
Research and Development of 3D Driving Simulation System Based on Newton Dynamics Engine and Open Scene Graph Engine
Authors: Wu Chu Na , Zhang Qiong , Han Yi
Published: June 2012

Due to the problems that the fidelity of driving scenes in 3D driving simulation system is not high and the development cost is expensive, present an implementation method of the 3D driving simulating system by using VC++ development platform and combining Newton Dynamics Engine with Open Scene Graph Engine which are all open source. Multi-sensor fusion technology is also used to control the movement and collision reaction of the vehicle, and to switch scene perspective. The result proves that this method has the advantages of low software development cost, high scene fidelity and excellent dynamic effect.
Optimization of a Triangular Slot Shape in a Tire Tread Block by Using the Finite Element Analysis and MPSO
Authors: Dolwichai T. , Limtragool J. , Bureerat S.
Published: June 2012

The work of this paper presents the use of MPSO which is an evolutionary optimizer. The work objective is finding the optimal shape of triangular slot in a tire tread block. The numbers of design parameters with triangular slot are 9. They are used to characterize size and position of the triangular slot in a tire tread block. The optimization methods are implemented to solve two objectives. First, the normal contact stress at contact patch region must be lowest and second, the friction contact stress at the same region must be highest. Therefore, the problem type is bi-objective optimization. The finite element analyses are simulated by modeling of tire tread block contacting to the friction surface with commercial finite element program (ANSYS). The models are simulated as compressing and sliding or braking situation. The tire tread block is modeled as hyperelastic material which used the three basic tests, i.e., uni-axial tensile test, planar shear test and equal bi-axial tensile test. The best fitted of hyperelastic material model for the work is Ogden Hyper Foam order 3th. The results of work are present as the mean of design parameters which are accepted for two objectives.
GA-NN Monitoring Model and its Application on Surface Settlement
Authors: Wang Tie Sheng , Li Hai Yan , Zhang Bing , Ma Kai Feng
Published: June 2012

Combining the advantages of basic genetic algorithm and neural network, analyze and set up GA & NN genetic neural network, explore and study the algorithm. The efficiency and effectiveness of this hybrid training has been significantly improved comparing with the single genetic evolution or BP training method, its versatility is better. The model is applied to predict the deformation of shield tunnel excavation. According to the effects of measured influence factors under construction, it can make the appropriate forecast to the surface settlement which is better than the conventional regression model. It shows that neural networks in the ground during tunneling shield analysis and prediction of settlement is practical and adaptable.
Performance and Emission Analysis of C.I.Engine with Kapok Methyl Ester and its Blends
Authors: Senthil Kumar T. , Senthil Kumar M. , Senthil Kumar P.
Published: June 2012

Current demands on renewable alternative fuel, biodiesel claims considerable significance. Biodiesel can be produced from any type of vegetable oils but yielding is determined by its free fatty acid (FFA) content. The alkaline-catalyzed esterification is not suitable for the unrefined vegetable oil which has high acid content. Hence, two-step esterification process is used to derive the kapok methyl ester due to its high FFA value. The biodiesel production in the two step process consists of acid-catalyzed pretreatment followed by an alkaline-catalyzed transesterificatin. In this study, experimental investigations are carried out in compression ignition engine to analyze the properties, performance and emissions characteristics of different blends of kapok methyl ester and compared with diesel. The exhaust gas temperature and specific fuel consumption are increased with increase of load and amount of biodiesel. The CO2 emission is slightly higher and NOx emission is about 22 percentage higher than that of the diesel at all the loads of engine. However, lower biodiesel blends showed reasonable efficiencies, lower value of smoke, CO and HC emissions.
V-Shape Property for the Quadratic JIT Schedules with Random Processing Times
Authors: Cheng Cong Dian , Jia Chun Fu
Published: June 2012

This article addresses the problem of scheduling jobs with random processing times on a machine so as to minimize the expected sum of squared deviations (ESSD) of job completion times from a common due date. We mainly concern the V-shape property of optimal solutions. Through a large and deep stochastic analysis, we obtain the following results and conclusions. A sufficient condition for an optimal sequence to be V-shaped is proposed and proved. The well known equivalence relation between the deterministic unconstrained sum of squared deviations (SSD) problem and the deterministic completion time variance (S-CTV) problem is extended to the situation with the processing times to be independent random variables. In addition, we also show the optimal solution of ESSD problem may not possess V-shape property by a counterexample.
1H-NMR Analysis of Degree of Substitution in N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosans from Various Chitosan Sources and Types
Authors: Jaidee A. , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Luangkamin S.
Published: June 2012

N,O-Carboxymethyl chitosans were synthesized by the reaction between shrimp, crab and squid chitosans with monochloroacetic acid under basic conditions at 50°C. The mole ratio of reactants was obtained from various reaction conditions of shrimp chitosan polymer and oligomer types. The mole ratio 1:12:6 of chitosan:sodium hydroxide:monochloroacetic acid was used for preparing carboxymethyl of chitosan polymer types while carboxymethyl of chitosan oligomer types were used the mole ratio 1:6:3 of chitosan:sodium hydroxide:monochloroacetic acid. The chemical structure was analyzed by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnatic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). The FT-IR was used for confirm the insertion of carboxymethyl group on chitosan molecules. The 1H-NMR was used for determining the degree of substitution (DS) of carboxymethylation at hydroxyl and amino sites of chitosans. Carboxymethyl chitosan samples had the total DS of carboxymethylation ranging from 1.0-2.2. The highest of DS of carboxymethylation was from shrimp chitosan oligomer type.
A New Approach for the Preparation of Bleached Shellac for Pharmaceutical Application: Solid Method
Authors: Saengsod S. , Limmatvapirat S. , Luangtana-Anan Manee
Published: June 2012

With increased awareness about the environment, raw materials from petroleum based synthetics and the "green" quotient of consumer products have developed, shellac or shellac modified resins have gained importance due to their unique nontoxic and hypoallergenic properties. Shellac is water soluble, biologically degradable and has film forming, excellent adhesion, hardness, high gloss and superior in electrical properties. Shellac or shellac modified resins are also compatible with other resins and can be cross linked making them a wider applications. Shellac is abundant in Thailand, China and India, which produced from lac insects, Laccifer Lacca. The resinous secretion can be purified to become shellac. The main structure of shellac consists of polyesters and single esters that have hydroxyl and carboxyl groups [1, . Shellac was first used as a wood polish for music instruments and furniture and later for uses in spar varnishes with antifouling properties for ship paints, phonographic records, wood and wallpaper paints, printing inks, resins for electrical applications and floor polishes. Currently, new applications for using are such as child-safe paints and inks and the coating of fruits and vegetables, food and confectionary, pills, tablets and vitamins in the pharmaceutical industries. Bleached shellac has been widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetics instead of native shellac due to the whiteness. However, conventional method for bleached shellac used many solvents [3, . Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore a new technique in order to avoid the use of organic solvent prior to the process of bleaching. The comparison was made between bleaching by the conventional and the new methods. The studied properties were acid value, viscosity, color change, water vapor permeability, chemical structure and powder x-ray diffraction.
Preparation of Nanosilver Loaded Calcium Phosphate by In Situ Phase Conversion Process
Authors: Thammarakcharoen Faungchat , Wasoontararat K. , Suwanprateeb Jintamai
Published: June 2012

The preparation of nanosilver loaded calcium phosphate aiming to enhance the antimicrobial performance by converting calcium sulfate hemihydrate based materials to calcium phosphate in the presence of silver nitrate (ranging 0.001-0.1 M) using low temperature phosphorization technique at 80 °C for 24 hours was performed. Phase composition, mechanical properties and microstructure of the resulting structures were characterized by x-ray diffraction, three-point bending and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Hydroxyapatite and monetite were found to be the main phases in the converted samples with different amount of residual calcium sulfate depending on the initial silver nitrate concentration in the converting media. Spherical-shaped silver nanoparticles were observed to distribute within the cluster of calcium compound crystals having average particle size in the range of 3.1-11.6 nm. Flexural modulus and strength of converted samples were observed to decrease from 1991 to 860 MPa and from 4.1 to 1.9 MPa respectively with increasing silver nitrate concentration from 0.001 to 0.1 M.
Molecular Dynamics Study of DNA Duplex Containing Carbazole-Derived Universal Base
Authors: Soodsawang W. , Benchawan T. , Wichai U. , Tantirungrotechai Y.
Published: June 2012

Universal base is a man-made residue that can be incorporated into the DNA double strands without any discrimination against natural bases (A, C, G, T). The MD simulations with AMBER99 force field were employed to investigate the structure and dynamics of the modified 15-mer DNA duplexes containing carbazole-derived universal bases: carbazole (CBZ), 3,6-dicyanocarbazole (DCC), 3,6-dinitrocarbazole (DNC), and 3-nitro-6-cyanocarbazole (NCC), where X = CBZ, DCC, DNC, or NCC, respectively. The RMSD and B-factor of the modified DNAs backbones around the universal base unit fluctuate more than the reference sequence in the same position. The thermodynamic parameter for duplex stability was estimated by using MM-PBSA method. The averaged duplex formation free energy (ΔG) of all modified DNAs exhibited that the stability order was approximately DNC>NCC>CBZ>DCC, which differed from the reference sequence exceptional DNC unit. The averaged ΔG value of the DNC unit is very close to that of the reference sequence. This calculation indicated that the DNC unit can be considered as a good candidate for using as a universal base.
Preparation of Poly(l-lactic acid) Capsule Encapsulating Fertilizer
Authors: Boontung W. , Moonmangmee S. , Chaiyasat A. , Chaiyasat P.
Published: June 2012

In this work, poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) microencapsulated urea as fertilizer was prepared in water in oil in water (W/O/W) system. PLLA used as capsule shell was prepared by polycondensation of l-lactic acid with p-toluene sulfonic acid as a catalyst at 140 °C. The prepared PLLA was used to encapsulate urea. Firstly, the aqueous urea solution was dispersed in oil solution of PLLA and chloroform containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizer with stirring at 800 rpm. Secondly, the water in oil emulsion was subsequently dispersed in PVA aqueous solution by stirring at 800 rpm to form W/O/W emulsion. Then, it was stirred for approximately 12 hours to evaporate chloroform in the system resulting in the formation of PLLA microencapsulated urea. It was finally centrifuged and dried in vacuum oven. The influence of water and oil phase ratio on the formation of capsule was studied. The obtained capsule was observed with an optical and scanning electron microscopes.
Design and Preparation of Synthetic Hydrogels by Redox Initiation via Free Radical Polymerisation for Biomedical Use as Wound Dressings
Authors: Witthayaprapakorn C. , Molloy Robert
Published: June 2012

Design and preparation of synthetic hydrogels for biomedical use as wound dressings were studied. A partially hydrated hydrogel of sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (Na-AMPS) was prepared by redox initiation via free radical polymerisation in aqueous solution. In this reaction, of 40% w/v Na-AMPS aqueous solution was prepared, with 1.0% by mole of monomer ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) as crosslinker, and potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) as the free radical initiator at a concentration of 0.5% mol monomer with potassium metabisulfite (K2S2O5) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) as coinitiator. The results showed that the hydrogel sheets gave good coherency, transparency, flexibility, high oxygen permeability, good skin adhesion and were non-toxic. The water properties of the hydrogel sheets (absorption, retention, water vapour transmission rate) were balanced which can maintain the moist environment of the wound. It is concluded that Na-AMPS hydrogels have properties which show potential for biomedical use as a wound dressing for second degree burn.
Study of the Disintegration of Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and Starch Co-Extruded Materials
Authors: Siriyota Pongsaks , Rudeekit Yositar , Intaraksa Parichai , Chaiwutthinan P. , Tajan M. , Leejarkpai Thanawadee
Published: June 2012

The disintegration behavior of biodegraded plastics materials including poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Ecoflex), Ecoflex/starch blend, poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Enpol) and Enpol/starch blend in controlled composting was described. The blends were compounded using a twin screw extruder with co-rotating mixing screw. The aerobic disintegration tests were carried out in the reactors under constant temperature at 58 + 2 °C for 90 days. During testing moisture, mixing and aeration of the samples were periodically determined and controlled according to ISO 20200:2004. The results showed that the percentage of disintegration of Ecoflex, Ecoflex/starch blend (50:50 %wt.), Enpol and Enpol/starch blend (50:50 %wt.) were 25.91%, 80.57%, 56.29% and 91.08%, respectively. It was also found that starch content facilitate the disintegration of the polymers. The morphologies and thermal properties of the residues were studied using SEM and TGA. It was found that the surface morphologies and the thermal properties results are in accordance with the biodisintegration degree.
Assessment of Physical, Mechanical and Biological Properties of Thai Silk Fibroin Vascular Scaffold
Authors: Thitiwuthikiat Piyanut , Kanokpanont Sorada
Published: June 2012

Silk fibroin has been widely studied and used in biomedical devices such as sutures because of its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and slow degradability. In this study, Thai silk fibroin was applied as the main material for vascular scaffolds. Surface morphology, water absorption, suture retention strength and cell compatibility were investigated. Fibroin (F) films, fibroin/type A gelatin (FA) and fibroin/type B gelatin (FB) scaffolds were compatible with L929 fibroblast cells line. Double-layers vascular scaffolds (approximately 5 mm inner diameter) consist of lyophilized fibroin/gelatin scaffold as the inner layer and air dried silk fibroin scaffold as the outer layer (F/FG scaffold). The inner layer had porous stucture with average pore size 70±18 µm, and the outer layer had smooth surface after observation under a scanning electron microscope. The percentage of water absorption of F/FG scaffolds (116±5%) was significantly higher than that of F scaffolds (90±4%). Suture retention strength of F/FG scaffolds (303±33 gf) examined by using universal testing machine was significantly higher than that of F scaffolds (200±45 gf). Suture retention force of the scaffolds was similar to that of human artery and was higher than the requirement of ANSI/AAMI VP20-1994: the standard of Cardiovascular implant-Vascular graft prostheses.
Natural Polysaccharide-Based Films and their Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Sawangkan Komgrit , Sittikijyothin Wancheng , Satirapipathkul Chutimon
Published: June 2012

The polysaccharides from seeds ofCassia fistulaandDelonix regiawere used to prepare the films. After added withQuercus infectoriaextracts, films were evaluated for the antibacterial properties by disk diffusion assay. The obtained results showed that the films exhibited antibacterial activity against both gram-positive (Bacillus subtilisandStaphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterium. The inhibition of bacterial was also observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After treated with the antibacterial films, the shape of bacterial cells loses uniformity and become leaky and unhealthy.
Gold Recovery from Aqueous Solutions Using Bioadsorbent Synthesized from Rambutan Peel
Authors: Rubcumintara T. , Aksornpan A. , Jonglertjunya W. , Koo-Amornpattana W. , Tasaso P.
Published: June 2012

The recovery of gold from chloride solutions using bioadsorbent synthesized from waste rambutan peel was studied. The initial gold concentration 25-900 mg/L, solution pH 1-4, temperature 25-60 °C and the amount of adsorbent 1-25 mg were found to affect the efficiency for gold recovery as well as loading capacity. The 99.8 % gold recovery was accomplished in 1 h with loading capacity of 100 mg Au/g adsorbent at the following conditions: adsorbent 25 mg, initial gold concentration 100 mg/L, pH 2 and temperature 60 °C. The decrease of adsorbent from 25 to 1 mg resulted in the highest loading capacity of 2530 mg Au/g adsorbent and 100 % gold recovery within 100 h. The adsorption isotherm as well as mechanism were also elucidated. The Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo second-order kinetic model were fitted well with the experimental results. The activation energy of reaction was calculated to be 31.07 kJ/mol. The mechanism of adsorption is clarified to be the oxidation of hydroxyl groups and reduction of trivalent gold ions to metallic gold on the adsorbent surface which were supported by FT-IR, XRF and SEM.
Characterization of Chitosan and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Films from Various Sources and Molecular Sizes
Authors: Rachtanapun Pornchai , Jakkaew M. , Suriyatem R.
Published: June 2012

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH) from different sources (shrimp, crab and squid) and molecular sizes (polymer and oligomer) was synthesizedviacarboxymethylation with monochloroacetic acid (MCA) in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) under alkaline condition. Next, chitosan and CMCH films were prepared and their properties were studied. Crystallinity, mechanical properties [tensile strength (TS) and percent elongation at break (EB)], water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and color change were investigated. The crystallinity and TS value of each CMCH film was less than that of chitosan. The highest TS (28.6 MPa) was provided by chitosan film from crab oligomer (CO). The CMCH films from various types displayed the higher EB value comparing with those of chitosan films. The CMCH film from shrimp polymer (SP) exhibited the highest EB value (44%). The WVTR of each CMCH films were interestingly lower than that of chitosan, and the lowest value was obtained by the CMCH film from crab oligomer (CO) (15 g/m2day1). The CMCH films showed higher color L* and a* value but lower b* value comparing with those of chitosan films from the same type.
Cream Stick Containing Natural Oil for Cracked Heel
Authors: Kongmuang Somlak , Benjamala D. , Sangkarat W. , Buakwan S.
Published: June 2012

The cracked heel is one of popular problems occurred within thai society. In this study, stick-formed preparation (ST) was developed for portability and convenient to use. The formula contained natural oil, coconut oil (C) or rice bran oil (R), for moisturizing purpose. It was found that 10% R giving a suitable hardness for ST. After addition of 5% salicylic acid (SA) in ST, its hardness was decrease. The modification of formula was performed to obtain a suitable hardness. The ability of moisture retaining (MR) from ST and commercial cream (CO) were evaluated at 32°C for 24 hr with 50% relative humidity, the result was shown that ST giving better MR than CO (P=0.0028). After 4 cycles of freeze-thaw stability study, the ST hardness was not significantly change (P>0.05). However, the amount of SA in ST from dissolution with Paddle over Disc method using acetate buffer pH 5.5 at 32°C was lower than in CO.
Chitosan Coated Alginate Microparticles for Oral Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Suksamran Tittaya , Rojanarata Theerasak , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait , Panomsuk Suwannee , Opanasopit Praneet
Published: June 2012

The aim of this study was to prepare Caalginate and chitosan (CS)Caalginate microparticles for peroral delivery of ovalbumin (OVA). Microparticles containing different loading of OVA (10, 20 and 40 % w/w) were prepared by cross-linking alginate with calcium chloride using an electrohydrodynamic spraying technique, and then coated with CS. The particle sizes of OVA-loaded microparticles were in the range of 1-5 µm. The negative charge was obtained for Caalginate microparticles (-14±1.9 mV) whereas CSCaalginate microparticles were positive charge (+6.06±3.4 mV). Caalginate microparticles with initial 20% w/w OVA showed the highest entrapment efficiency and amount of OVA content (24.91±0.4% and 33.22±0.1 mg/g, respectively) as similar to CSCaalginate microparticles with initial 20% w/w OVA that showed the highest entrapment efficiency and amount of OVA content (35.74±0.1% and 10.35±0.5 mg/g, respectively). It was found that the release rate of OVA from Caalginate microparticles was higher than CSCaalginate microparticles, and the lowest release rate, sustained release for 24 h, was found in the initial 40% w/w OVA. This study revealed that CSCaalginate microparticles have a considerable potential as controlled release antigen delivery systems.
Comparison of Vehicles for Vancomycin Drug Delivery in Extemporaneously Prepared Ophthalmic Solutions
Authors: Khangtragool A.
Published: June 2012

This work compares the ophthalmic delivery of vancomycin 50 mg/ml eye drops using 5 different vehicles, namely: 0.3% w/v chitosan, 0.3% and 0.4% w/v HPMC (Methocel E4M), Tears NaturaleTMII and 0.9% w/v sodium chloride solution.In vitroandin vivostudies were carried out and the results evaluated in terms of viscosity, compatibility, stability, clarity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and pharmacokinetics. The viscosity of Tears NaturaleTMII was comparable with that of HPMC (0.3% pH 7.1) but was higher than 0.3% w/v chitosan. The percent labeled amounts and MIC of vancomycin 50 mg/ml in all of the vehicles were stable for 30 days at 2-8°C, while the clarity in 0.3% w/v chitosan, 0.3% and 0.4% HPMC (pH 7.1), Tears NaturaleTMII and 0.9% sodium chloride solution was stable for 30, 14, 1 and 3 days respectively at 2-8°C.In vivopharmacokinetic determinations of the AUC of tear film reciprocal of minimum inhibitory titer showed that vancomycin 50 mg/ml in 0.3% w/v chitosan, 0.3% and 0.4% w/v HPMC pH 7.1 and Tears NaturaleTMII were significantly different from 0.9% sodium chloride solution. At the present time, chitosan is undergoing clinical trials in Thailand with a view to its use in ophthalmology, while HPMC (0.3% w/v) in pH 7.1 has already been approved for use as a vehicle in ophthalmology for the delivery of vancomycin 50 mg/ml in extemporaneous eye drops.
Molecular Design of a Speciality Polyester for Potential Use as a Fast-Absorbable Monofilament Surgical Suture
Authors: Sansurin P. , Buakem K. , Kalaithong W. , Molloy Robert , Siripitayananon J.
Published: June 2012

This paper describes the molecular design of a speciality polyester for use as a fast-absorbable monofilament surgical suture. In the surgical context, fast-absorbable means tensile strength loss within a period of 10-14 days, the minimum period required for secure wound approximation, after which the suture gradually loses its mass integrity leading to complete mass loss within 2-3 months. In order to be fast-absorbable, it is necessary that the main monomer used in synthesizing the polymer is glycolide since the polymer repeating unit, -OCH2CO-, is the chemical structure which hydrolyses the most rapidly in the human body. However, glycolide alone would give a monofilament suture fibre which would be too stiff and unwieldy for practical purposes and so it needs to be copolymerised with other cyclic ester monomers such as L-lactide and caprolactone to modify its mechanical properties. In this way, a monofilament fibre can be obtained which has an appropriate balance of hydrolysability and flexibility. Thus, this work enters the realm of molecular engineering insofar that it involves the strict control of both the chemical and physical microstructure of the polymer during the synthesis and processing steps respectively. This paper will describe how this controlled molecular architecture can be achieved and some preliminary results will be presented.
Preparation of Polydiacetylene Vesicle and Amphiphilic Polymer as Time-Temperature Indicator
Authors: Nopwinyuwong A. , Boonsupthip W. , Pechyen Chiravoot , Suppakul P.
Published: June 2012

Polydiacetylene (PDA) was used as a colorimetric indicator depended on temperature and time. This paper presents a new time-temperature indicator based on PDA vesicle and amphiphilic polymer. The 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) was prepared with different concentration of Pluronic F127 which was varied from 0 to 4 % w/v, respectively. After that, there was obtained in different temperature (30-50°C) until clearly color change. This solution could gradually change from blue to red color which it could observe by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The absorbance in each solution was reported at 640 and 540 nm, respectively, and then calculated by the color response (CR). In addition, the CR increased that directly related with temperature and time, when the concentration of F127 was constant. Also, the CR increased that directly related with temperature and concentration of F127, when time was constant. This method could have potential application as a new time-temperature indicator.
The Effect of Binder Phase on the Mechanical Properties of Particle Boards Based on Giant Sensitive Plant
Authors: Kumfu Supreyak , Jintakosol Thanut , Tangjuank S.
Published: June 2012

The present studies are on the production and properties of particle boards produced from the giant sensitive plant using epoxy resin and urea formaldehyde as binder phases. The boards were made by applying pressure on the mixture of matrix and binder phases in the ratio of 1:2, 1:2.5 and 1:3 to form squared particle boards with the size of 20 cm and 0.6 cm thickness. The physical and mechanical properties of the samples such as density, bending test, tensile test and impact test were investigated. The results showed that the epoxy binder phase promote a good particle boards. The successfully of this study shown epoxy resin was feasibility to instead of the synthesis particle boards.
Effect of Lead Oxide on Glass Properties Produced from Rice Husk Fly Ash
Authors: Ruangtaweep Y. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Srisittipokakun N. , Limsuwan Pichet
Published: June 2012

In this work, the glass samples were prepared from the rice husk ash (RHA) with different PbO concentrations by melt-quenching technique. The effect of PbO on the physical and optical properties of the glasses from RHA have been studied. The results showed that the refractive index and density increased with increasing PbO concentration. The absorption spectra of all samples showed the cut-off wavelength approximately at 360 nm. For comparison, similar properties of SiO2 glass doped with different PbO concentrations were also studied. It was found that the RHA is possible to be used as a raw material in the glass production.
The Fabricated Collagen-Based Nano-Hydroxyapatite/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds
Authors: Ebrahimi M. , Monmaturapoj Naruporn , Suttapreyasri S. , Pripatnanont P.
Published: June 2012

The biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) concept was introduced to overcome disadvantages of single phase biomaterials. In this study, we prepared BCP from nanoHA and β-TCP that were synthesized via a solid state reaction. Three different ratios of pure BCP and collagen-based BCP scaffolds (%HA/%β-TCP; 30/70, 40/60 and 50/50) were produced using a polymeric sponge method. Physical and mechanical properties of all materials and scaffolds were investigated. XRD pattern proved the purity of each HA, β-TCP and BCP. SEM showed overall distribution of macropores (80-200 µm) with appropriate interconnected porosities. Total porosity of pure BCP (93% ± 2) was found to be higher than collagen-based BCP (85%± 3). It was observed that dimensional shrinkage of larger scaffold (39% ± 4) is lower than smaller one (42% ± 5) and scaffolds with higher HA (50%) ratio experienced greater shrinkage than those with higher β-TCP (70%) ratio (45% ±3 and 36% ±1 respectively). Mechanical properties of both groups tend to be very low and collagen coating had no influence on mechanical behavior. Further studies may improve the physical properties of these composite BCP.
Properties of Thermal Insulation from Durian Peel Fiber and Natural Rubber Latex
Authors: Jintakosol Thanut , Kumfu Supreyak
Published: June 2012

This research presented the studies on the production and properties of thermal insulation produced from durian peel fiber and natural rubber latex. The thermal insulation were made by spray the pre-treated natural rubber latex onto durian peel fiber in the fiber : binder ratios of 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 to form squared thermal insulation with the size of 20 cm and 1.5 cm thickness. Thermal conductivity measured in accordance with American Society for Testing Materials standard was found to be 0.026 W /m K with density of 143 kg m-3 which closed to the commercial insulator. The success of this study shown that the thermal insulation made from durian peel fiber and natural rubber latex exhibited a good thermal insulation and extremely potential to instead of the synthesis fibrous insulator.
The Efficiency Development of Ammonia-Odor Sensor Based on PSE-Polymer/SWNT Nanocomposite
Authors: Piromjitpong T. , Lorwongtragool P. , Piromjitpong P. , Kerdcharoen Teerakiat
Published: June 2012

In this work, we have investigated and optimized the fabrication process of ammonia sensor based on poly (styrene-co-maleic acid) partial isobutyl/methyl mixed ester/single-wall carbon nanotubes (PSE/SWNT) nanocomposite leading to the standardized and highly efficiency of device. The proper ratio of sensing material loading was achieved by varying the SWNT concentration to reach to the best sensing properties. PSE/SWNT sensors were fabricated by spin-coating technique on the interdigitated gold electrodes by controlling the reference resistance in range of 1-10 kΩ. Two groups of the fabricated sensors (carboxylic functionalized SWNT (SWNT-COOH) and hydroxyl functionalized SWNT (SWNT-OH)) with five different percent loadings were tested with various concentrations of ammonia volatile. Electrical resistances of these sensors were measured and modeled on the percolation theory approach, in order to explain and determine the appropriate composition from their mechanisms.
Inhibitory Effect of Chitosan Films Incorporated with 1,8-Cineole on Salmonella Attached on Model Food Surface
Authors: Thangvaravut H. , Chiewchan N. , Devahastin S.
Published: June 2012

Antimicrobial packaging is a form of active packaging that has been developed to extend the shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables by increasing the safety margin of such products via controlling the growth of pathogenic bacteria. A feasibility study of using chitosan-based films incorporated with 1,8-cineole, a representative active component in natural essential oil, for controlling the growth of Salmonella on a model food surface was conducted in this work. 1,8-cineole was added to the film forming solution at 2, 3, 4% (w/w). After drying at 40 °C and aging at 25 °C (75% RH) for 48 h, the concentrations of 1,8-cineole in the dried films were 37 - 121 ppm. The inhibitory effect of the prepared films was tested against Salmonella Anatum grown on Nutrient Agar (NA) at 30 °C. It was found that addition of 2 3% (w/w) 1,8-cineole during film preparation retarded the growth of Salmonella. In the case of film prepared by adding 4% (w/w) 1,8-cineole during film preparation, no growth was observed on the XLD agar after the first day of incubation.
Statistical Optimization of Esterification Reaction to Produce Biodiesel from the Mixture of PFAD and Palm Stearin Oil Using Two-Step Reaction
Authors: Khine May Myat , Srinophakun P. , Thanapimmetha A. , Saisriyoot M.
Published: June 2012

In this study, the optimization of esterification from the mixture of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and palm stearin (PS) oil followed by transesterification reaction has been investigated. The free fatty acid (FFA) content of raw oil mixture was ca. 50%. Response surface methodology (RSM) and 3-level-3-factor Box-Behnken design were employed to predict the conversion of FFA as a function of reaction temperature, wt.% of catalyst (based on FFA in the mixture) and molar ratio of methanol to FFA. Experiments were performed under varied conditions with three fixed parameters; 3:1 molar ratio of methanol to triglycerides in oil mixture, 60 °C reaction temperature and 500 rpm stirring rate. From the statistical investigation, it was found that the molar ratio of methanol to FFA was the most important factor on reducing FFA content in esterification step.
Investigation on the Electromagnetic Interference of Four-Circuit Transmission Lines
Authors: Zhuang Xiao Yun , Li Yong Ming , Ma Jun
Published: June 2012

In the paper the calculation of electric field and magnetic field considering the influence caused by the sag is investigated. The method to analyze the influence caused by the transmission lines sag is presented firstly. A 110 four-circuit transmission lines in Chongqing was taken as an example, the electric field and magnetic field in 2D space and 3D space were calculated respective, and comparison was conducted. Result indicate that the electric and magnetic fields obtained in 2D space has an error of 11.2% for electric field, and 7.1% for magnetic field.
Study on Anti-Supporting Ceiling Construction Method
Authors: Li Lu , Zhang Xiang Rong
Published: June 2012

This document explains and demonstrates the problem that currently the installment of ceiling project’s bearing reaction is non-standard, combined with the example of the civil fitness center decoration project in Jinan which shows that all the ceilings should be installed with bearing reactions. This paper illustrate a construction program that by the use of L40 × 4 angle iron to enhance the bearing reactions based on the "GB50210-2001 code for construction quality acceptance of building decoration". Practice has proved that the stability and immobility of the ceiling’s bearing rations addition at the base of this program all meet the regulatory requirements. The program can be applied to all the ceiling projects that the bearing reactions are reburied when the boom is longer than 1.5m.
The Process Simulation Complex of Cell Phone Casing Model Injection Molding
Authors: Liu Hua Gang , Ke Jian Ping , Yu Hui
Published: June 2012

Structural optimization model is the key problem of a systems engineering design process. This paper, based on the core of the Moldflow software, with complex cell phone casing injection model as an example, studies the analog simulation problems of the injection molding process, and the optimization of the proposed system engineering design optimization method and the optimum algorithm.
Application of Fuzzy Support Vector Machine in Chalky Rice Identification
Authors: Li Xiang , Gao Shang Bing , Chen Ying Quan
Published: June 2012

In order to improve the identification accuracy of fuzzy support vector machine for chalky rice, this paper puts forward a fuzzy support vector machine method based on fuzzy K nearest-neighbor. This method firstly gets a sample center by calculating sample mean aimed at every class sample; and then it calculates the initial membership of sample by calculating the distance between sample and center; finally, it calculates K neighbor points of each sample, calculates the membership of sample according to the fuzzy K neighbor method, and integrates the initial membership with fuzzy K neighbor membership at a certain proportion, to get the ultimate membership values of samples. Combined with image detection problems of rice, verify the validity of this method. Experiments show that this method not only can improve the accuracy of identification but also can improve its speed, with a better result than common fuzzy support vector machine.
The Application of 3D Scanner on Whole Body in 3D Clothing Design
Authors: Zhang Jian Xing
Published: June 2012

With the development of information technology, 3D scanning technology is applied more and more widely. Especially it has some advantage in technical characteristics such as processing large amount of datas, responsing to the events of measurement process in short time, which makes the 3D scanning technology be used more and more widely in garment industry. This paper mainly studies 3D garment design in the applicationof human body 3D scanner,which provides a research platform.for costume design for the development of the area.
Characteristic Analysis and Optimization of CNC Machine Tool Spindle Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Sheng Zhong Qi , Dai Sheng Li , Liu Yu Chang , Fan Hua Tao
Published: June 2012

Relying on HTC3250µn and HTC2550hs high-speed precision CNC turning center, this paper analyzes the static and dynamic characteristics of CNC machine tool spindle with finite element analysis software. Based on the results and using ANSYS software, this paper considers the volume and amplitude of vibration model as the objective function to optimize the size of the spindle. According to the optimized size of spindle, this paper analyzes the static and dynamic characteristics of the CNC machine tool spindle again and concludes the optimization results.
An Approach of Signal Analysis Based on High-Order Spline Interpolation
Authors: Li Jian Jun , Li Xi Bing , You Hong , Liu Cheng
Published: June 2012

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) provides a powerful tool for the nonlinear and nonstationary signals. This paper presents an application of the signature analysis based on high-order spline interpolation. The time-frequency analysis method based on EMD is introduced. The series data are separated into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with different time scale using EMD. The spectrum of Hilbert transformation is obtained by applying Hilbert transformation to every IMF. Based on cubic spline interpolation, high-order spline interpolation is used to improve the precision of the algorithm. Furthermore some strategies for improving the computational efficiency are proposed. The simulation result shows that the precision of the time-frequency analysis can be improved effectively using the proposed new algorithm.