bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two Matrix Theorems Arising from Nilpotent Groups
Authors: Zhao Jing , Liu Heguo
Published: August 2024

For a nilpotent group [Formula: see text] without [Formula: see text]-torsion, and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] for a [Formula: see text]-number [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text]; if [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]-numbers [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text]. This is a well-known result in group theory. In this paper, we prove two analogous theorems on matrices, which have independence significance. Specifically, let [Formula: see text] be a given positive integer and [Formula: see text] a complex square matrix satisfying that (i) all eigenvalues of [Formula: see text] are nonnegative, and (ii) [Formula: see text]; then [Formula: see text] has a unique [Formula: see text]-th root [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], all eigenvalues of [Formula: see text] are nonnegative, and moreover there is a polynomial [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. In addition, let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be complex [Formula: see text] matrices with all eigenvalues nonnegative, and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; then (i) [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] for some positive integer [Formula: see text], and (ii) [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] for two positive integers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Validation of the Chicken Femur as a Model for the Human Metacarpal: An In-Vitro Analysis
Authors: LOBO Abhirup , ACKLAND David , ROBINSON Dale , THAM Stephen K. Y.
Published: August 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the chicken femur as a laboratory model for the human metacarpal by comparing the bone microarchitecture and mechanical properties of chicken femurs to human cadaveric metacarpals.

Methods: Sixteen fresh chicken femora and 20 fresh frozen cadaveric human metacarpals were imaged using a micro computed tomography scanner. The bones were then mechanically tested using four-point-bending and torsional testing.

Results: There were no significant differences in macroscopic features between chicken femora and human metacarpals, including overall length, external radius, internal radius, cortical width and cross-sectional area of the diaphyseal cortex (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the trabecular number and spacing in the distal metaphysis of both groups (p > 0.05). The diaphysis and proximal metaphysis did not share any microarchitectural similarities. Four-point bending tests resulted in significantly higher yield forces, ultimate force, failure points and stiffness in human metacarpals (p < 0.05). Torsion tests resulted in significant higher ultimate torque and torsional rigidity in human metacarpals (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The chicken femur has structural and biomechanical differences to the fresh frozen human metacarpal despite the similarity in their macroscopic features.
Comparative Study of Trapeziectomy with Weilby Suspensionplasty versus Implant Arthroplasty for Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Arthritis in an Asian Population
Authors: TAN Tuan Hao , KANG Hui Ying Gavrielle
Published: August 2024

Background: This retrospective study compares the outcomes of trapeziectomy and Weilby suspensionplasty procedure versus implant arthroplasty using the TOUCH® prosthesis for basilar thumb arthritis in an Asian population.

Methods: A total of 15 consecutive thumbs in 13 patients were included in this study. Six patients (2 male, 4 female, mean age of 62 years old) underwent trapeziectomy and Weilby suspensionplasty procedure. Seven patients (4 male, 3 female, mean age 63 years old) underwent implant CMCJ arthroplasty using the TOUCH® prosthesis. Data collected include demographics, severity of arthritis on plain radiographs of the thumb basilar joint, length of follow-up, pre- and postoperative pain levels, Kapandji thumb opposition score, grip and pinch strength and the time taken to return to work.

Results: Patients in the trapeziectomy and Weilby suspensionplasty group had a mean follow-up of 4.5 months, while those in the TOUCH® implant arthroplasty group had a mean follow-up of 14 months. TOUCH® implant arthroplasty patients showed significantly higher grip strengths at 3 months post-surgery and a shorter return to work. There were no differences in pinch strength at 3 months, pinch or grip strength at 6 months or pain scores. Complications included prolonged scar hypersensitivity in two patients who underwent the Weilby suspensionplasty and a dislocated TOUCH® implant cup in one patient.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that in the short term, CMCJ implant arthroplasty with the TOUCH® prosthesis produces results comparable to trapeziectomy and Weilby suspensionplasty.

Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
The Promethean Dilemma of AI at the Intersection of Hallucination and Creativity
Authors: Chakraborty Tanmoy , Masud Sarah
Published: August 2024

Seeking to understand how we can better synthesize creative outputs from generative artificial intelligence.
Specifying and Verifying Information Flow Control in SELinux Configurations
Authors: Ceragioli Lorenzo , Galletta Letterio , Degano Pierpaolo , Basin David
Published: August 2024

Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a security architecture for Linux implementing Mandatory Access Control. It has been used in numerous security-critical contexts ranging from servers to mobile devices. However, its application is challenging as SELinux security policies are difficult to write, understand, and maintain. Recently, the intermediate language CIL was introduced to foster the development of high-level policy languages and to write structured configurations. Despite CIL’s high level features, CIL configurations are hard to understand as different constructs interact in non-trivial ways. Moreover, there is no mechanism to ensure that a given configuration obeys desired information flow policies. To remedy this, we enrich CIL with a formal semantics, and we propose IFCIL, a backward compatible extension of CIL for specifying fine-grained information flow requirements. Using IFCIL, administrators can express confidentiality, integrity, and non-interference properties. We also provide a tool to statically verify these requirements and we experimentally assess it on ten real-world policies.
Bismuth Metal Porphyrin Framework Doped RuO2 Derived Bi2O3-RuO2@C Composites for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Yang Mingran , Xu Yingchen , Pang Zhengcha , Yang Chenghan , Huang Jinqiang , Zhu Min , Zhang Yiwei
Published: August 2024

In electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR), the design of electrocatalysts with high efficiency and selectivity is very important and challenging. In this paper, a ternary composite consisting of ruthenium dioxide and bismuth metal porphyrin-based organic framework (Bi-TCPP MOF)-derived bismuth trioxide and C skeleton has been proposed (denoted as Bi2O3-RuO2@C). Nanoscale RuO2 and Bi2O3 particles are uniformly distributed on the C skeleton. The precursor bismuth metal porphyrin-based organic framework restricts the localized growth of Bi2O3 in the framework, while the unique, highly-conjugated system anchors the doped RuO2 particles, resulting in a uniform distribution of both active sites and hole-enrichment centers. Meanwhile, the Bi-TCPP MOF-derived carbon skeleton has good electrical conductivity, and the macroporous structure also facilitates the gas transport, which leads to the synthesis of Bi2O3-RuO2@C as an electrocatalyst for CO2RR and exhibits excellent catalytic performance and high selectivity for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction to methane (CO2-CH4). The peak Faraday efficiency of Bi2O3-RuO2@C for catalyzing the reduction of CO2-CH4 can reach 66.95% when the doped RuO2 content is 20%. Importantly, this work opens up new horizons for metal ratio regulation in constructing efficient catalytic systems derived from MOFs.
Enhancing Mechanical and Biological Properties of Zinc Phosphate Dental Cement with Akermanite and Hardystonite Nanoparticles: A Synthesis and Characterization Study
Authors: Eslami Hossein , Ansari Mojtaba , Khademi Reihaneh , Zare-Zardini Hadi
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the potential of incorporating akermanite and hardystonite nanoparticles (NPs) into commercially available zinc phosphate cement. Akermanite and hardystonite NPs were synthesized through a mechanical route and characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The NPs were then added to the cement at a concentration of 5 wt%, and the physical and biological properties of the resulting composite were evaluated. The results showed that the incorporation of NPs led to a significant reduction in porosity (from 12.4% to 5.6%) and a notable improvement in compressive strength (from 90 to 120 MPa) compared to the control group. MTT assay revealed that the cement containing NPs exhibited no significant toxicity and even promoted cell growth and proliferation. Specifically, cell viability increased by 15%, and cell proliferation rate increased by 20% compared to the control group. These findings suggest that the designed cement has suitable mechanical and biological properties, making it a promising material for dental and orthopedic applications.
Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2‐Related Factor 2 Intervenes the Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps during Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice
Authors: Lu Junying , Xiong Guilan , Li Hongxiang , Zhang Dong , Zhang Xiaohao
Published: August 2024

The pathogenesis of acute lung injury is complex. Studies have demonstrated the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the process of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute lung injury (ALI). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the regulation of Nrf2 in the formation of NETs, which was pathogenic in LPS‐induced ALI, was identified by analyzing the levels of Cit‐H3, lung function, lung tissue pathology, lung wet/dry ratio, the inflammatory cells, cytokines and proteins in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and in addition, the activity of lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) was also measured. Results showed that the levels of Cit‐H3 measured by western blot in Nrf2‐knockout (KO) mice were higher compared with the WT mice after LPS stimulation. To further investigate the NETs formation was pathogenic during LPS‐induced ALI, the Nrf2‐KO mice were treated with DNase I. Results showed that DNase I improved lung function and lung tissue pathology and significantly reduced lung wet/dry ratio and proteins in the BALF. Besides, DNase I also attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β) production in the BALF and the activity of lung MPO. Therefore, these results together indicate that Nrf2 may intervene in the release of NETs during LPS‐induced ALI in mice.
The Impact of Fetal Growth Restriction on Prenatal 2D Ultrasound and Doppler Study of the Fetal Adrenal Gland
Authors: Pattamathamakul Suphawan , Duangkum Chatuporn , Chaiyarach Sukanya , Kongwattanakul Kiattisak , Saksiriwuttho Piyamas , Komwilaisak Ratana , Chantanavilai Sathida , Pongsamakthai Manasicha , Sirikarn Prapassara
Published: August 2024

Background: Uteroplacental insufficiency in fetuses with growth restriction (FGR) leads to chronic hypoxia and stress, predominantly affecting the adrenal glands. However, the mechanisms of impact remain unclear.

Objectives: This study is aimed at comparing the Doppler indices of the adrenal artery and the adrenal gland sizes between FGR and those with normal growth.

Materials and Methods: A multicenter, cross‐sectional study was conducted from February to December 2023. We compared 34 FGR to 34 with normal growth in terms of inferior adrenal artery (IAA) Doppler indices and adrenal gland volumes.

Results: The IAA peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the FGR group was 14.9 ± 2.9 cm/s compared to 13.5 ± 2.0 cm/s in the normal group, with a mean difference of 1.4 cm/s (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27–2.65; p value = 0.017). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of IAA pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), or systolic/diastolic (S/D), with p values of 0.438, 0.441, and 0.658, respectively. The volumes of the corrected whole adrenal gland and the corrected neocortex were significantly larger in the FGR group, with p values of 0.031 and 0.020, respectively.

Conclusion: Both increased IAA PSV and enlarged volumes of the corrected whole adrenal gland and neocortex were found in fetuses with FGR, suggesting significant adrenal gland adaptation in response to chronic intrauterine stress.
Supplementary Data from Case-Case Genome-Wide Analyses Identify Subtype-Informative Variants That Confer Risk for Breast Cancer
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Verma Shiv P. , Jia Guochong , Wang Xinjun , Ping Jie , Guo Xingyi , Shu Xiao-Ou , Chen Jianhong , Derkach Andriy , Cai Qiuyin , Liang Xiaolin , Long Jirong , Offit Kenneth , Oh Jung H. , Reiner Anne S. , Watt Gordon P. , Woods Meghan , Yang Yaohua , Ambrosone Christine B. , Ambs Stefan , Chen Yu , Concannon Patrick , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Gu Jian , Haiman Christopher A. , Hu Jennifer J. , Huo Dezheng , John Esther M. , Knight Julia A. , Li Christopher I. , Lynch Charles F. , Mellemkjær Lene , Nathanson Katherine L. , Nemesure Barbara , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Olshan Andrew F. , Pal Tuya , Palmer Julie R. , Press Michael F. , Sanderson Maureen , Sandler Dale P. , Troester Melissa A. , Zheng Wei , Bernstein Jonine L. , Buas Matthew F. , Shu Xiang
Published: August 2024

Table S1-S16, Figure S1-S7
Supplementary Figure S5 from The Effect of Exposure to Neighborhood Violence on Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Lung Tumors
Authors: Heath Hannah , Yoo Jin Y. , Akter Sabrina , Jain Atharva , Sharma Vani , McGee Hannah , Soliman Aiman , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Matthews Alicia K. , Winn Robert A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Kim Sage J.
Published: August 2024

GR recruitment to chromatin in key genes within statistically significant pathway from Figure 3E.
Table 1 from Mathematical Modeling of Tumor Growth in Preclinical Mouse Models with Applications in Biomarker Discovery and Drug Mechanism Studies
Authors: Zhou Huajun , Mao Binchen , Guo Sheng
Published: August 2024

Six parametric models for fitting tumor growth data
Figure S10 from Mathematical Modeling of Tumor Growth in Preclinical Mouse Models with Applications in Biomarker Discovery and Drug Mechanism Studies
Authors: Zhou Huajun , Mao Binchen , Guo Sheng
Published: August 2024

Figure S10
Figure 2 from Mathematical Modeling of Tumor Growth in Preclinical Mouse Models with Applications in Biomarker Discovery and Drug Mechanism Studies
Authors: Zhou Huajun , Mao Binchen , Guo Sheng
Published: August 2024

CV of the parameters and prediction accuracy for each parametric model. A–C, CV of each parameter in each parametric model, separated by treatment (B) and mouse model type (C). D, Left, Histograms of last time point prediction percentage deviation from the mean tumor volume (original scale; percentages greater than 200 are all constrained at 200). Right, RMSE of first three-fourth log tumor volume vs. last time point prediction percentage deviation from the mean tumor volume (original scale). Blue, LOESS regression lines.
Systematic Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors as OATP1B1 Substrates Using a Competitive Counterflow Screen
Authors: Drabison Thomas , Boeckman Mike , Yang Yan , Huang Kevin M. , de Bruijn Peter , Nepal Mahesh R. , Silvaroli Josie A. , Chowdhury Anika T. , Eisenmann Eric D. , Cheng Xiaolin , Pabla Navjotsingh , Mathijssen Ron H.J. , Baker Sharyn D. , Hu Shuiying , Sparreboom Alex , Talebi Zahra
Published: August 2024

Although the primary elimination pathway for most tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) involves CYP3A4-mediated metabolism, the mechanism by which these agents are brought into hepatocytes remains unclear. In this study, we optimized and validated a competitive counterflow (CCF) assay to examine TKIs as substrates of the hepatic uptake transporter OATP1B1. The CCF method was based on the stimulated efflux of radiolabeled estradiol-17β-glucuronide under steady-state conditions in HEK293 cells engineered to overexpress OATP1B1. Of the 62 approved TKIs examined, 13 agents were identified as putative substrates of OATP1B1, and pazopanib was selected as a representative hit for further validation studies. The transport of pazopanib by OATP1B1 was confirmed by decreased activity of its target VEGFR2 in OATP1B1-overexpressing cells, but not cells lacking OATP1B1, consistent with molecular docking analyses indicating an overlapping binding orientation on OATP1B1 with the known substrate estrone-3-sulfate. In addition, the liver-to-plasma ratio of pazopanib in vivo was decreased in mice with a deficiency of the orthologous transporters, and this was accompanied by diminished pazopanib-induced hepatotoxicity, as determined by changes in the levels of liver transaminases. Our study supports the utility of CCF assays to assess substrate affinity for OATP1B1 within a large set of agents in the class of TKIs and sheds light on the mechanism by which these agents are taken up into hepatocytes in advance of metabolism.

Significance:

Despite the established exposure–pharmacodynamic relationships for many TKIs, the mechanisms underlying the agents’ unpredictable pharmacokinetic profiles remain poorly understood. We report here that the disposition of many TKIs depends on hepatic transport by OATP1B1, a process that has toxicologic ramifications for agents that are associated with hepatotoxicity.
Functional Polymorphisms Regulate FOXO1 Transcript Expression and Contribute to the Risk and Symptom Severity of HDM-Induced Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Sio Yang Yie , Du Kefan , Lam Terence Yin Weng , Say Yee-How , Reginald Kavita , Chew Fook Tim
Published: August 2024

Introduction: FOXO1 plays an important role in regulating immune processes that contribute to allergic inflammation; however, genetic variants influencing FOXO1 expression in AR pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the functional effect of FOXO1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on AR development by performing genetic association and functional analysis studies. Methods: This study belongs to a part of an ongoing Singapore/Malaysia cross-sectional genetics and epidemiological study (SMCSGES). We assessed the associations of FOXO1 transcript expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with AR phenotype, total nasal symptom score (TNSS), and SNP genotype in a sub-cohort of n = 658 individuals from the SMCSGES population. Associations of FOXO1 SNPs with AR were assessed in a cohort of n = 5,072 individuals from the SMCSGES population. In vitro promoter luciferase assay was used to evaluate the effect of AR-associated SNPs on FOXO1 promoter activity. Results: FOXO1 transcript expression in PBMC was significantly associated with the risk of AR (p < 0.05) and TNSS among AR patients (p < 0.0001). We identified a significant association between tag-SNPs rs9549246 and FOXO1 transcript expression in PBMC from the SMCSGES sub-cohort and the multiethnic eQTLGen consortium (false discovery rate-adjusted p < 0.05). The minor allele “A” of tag-SNP rs9549246 was significantly associated with a higher risk of AR (p = 0.04422, odds ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.45) in the SMCSGES genotyping cohort (n = 5,072). In vitro luciferase assay showed the minor allele “A” of rs35594717 (tagged by rs9549246) was significantly associated with a higher FOXO1 promoter activity (p < 0.05). Conclusion: FOXO1 transcript expression in PBMC has a strong association with the risk and symptom severity of AR. Genetic variants tagged by rs9549246 were shown to affect the expression of FOXO1 and contribute to the development of AR in the SMCSGES population.
Exploring the Genetic Etiology of Pediatric Epilepsy: Insights from Targeted Next-Generation Sequence Analysis
Authors: Ozturk Ozden , Ozturk Murat , Ates Kubra , Esener Zeynep , Erguven Naile Nisa , Ozgor Bilge , Gungor Serdal , Sigirci Ahmet , Tekedereli Ibrahim
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Epilepsy is a group of neurologic disorders with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Epilepsy often affects children; thus, early diagnosis and precise treatment are vital to protecting the standard of life of a child. Progress in epilepsy-related gene discovery has caused enormous novelty in specific epilepsy diagnoses. Genetic testing using next-generation sequencing is now reachable, leading to higher diagnosis ratios and understanding of the disease’s underlying mechanisms. The study’s primary aim was to identify the genetic etiology based on targeted next-generation sequence analysis data and to calculate the diagnostic value of the epilepsy gene panel in the 0–17 age-group diagnosed with epilepsy. The secondary aim was to demonstrate the significance of periodic reinterpretation of variant of uncertain significance (VUS) variants and genotype-phenotype correlation. Methods: This retrospective study comprised 107 patients with epilepsy aged 8 months to 17 years, for whom a targeted gene panel covered 110 genes. VUS variants were reanalyzed, and genotype-phenotype correlation was performed. Results: In the initial evaluation, causal variants were described in 23 patients (21.5%). After reinterpretation of VUS, we detected causal variants in 30 out of 107 patients (28%). By reinterpreting the VUS and evaluating genotype-phenotype correlations, we enhanced our diagnostic value by 30.32%. After reinterpretation of VUS variants, the ACMG classification of 36 variants, including 15 benign (31%), 15 likely benign (31%), 5 likely pathogenic (10%), and 1 pathogenic (2%), were redefined. We most frequently detected causal variants in TSC2 (n = 5), GRIN2A (n = 4), and ALDH7A1 (n = 4) genes. Conclusion: The predictive value for epilepsy panel testing was 28% in the cohort. Our study revealed the importance of reanalysis of VUS variants and contributed to enriching the mutation spectrum in epilepsy.
Profiles of Met and Unmet Care Needs in the Oldest Old Primary Care Patients with Cognitive Disorders and Dementia: Results of the AgeCoDe and AgeQualiDe Study
Authors: Kraake Sophia , Pabst Alexander , Bickel Horst , Pentzek Michael , Fuchs Angela , Wiese Birgitt , Oey Anke , König Hans-Helmut , Brettschneider Christian , Scherer Martin , Mallon Tina , Lühmann Dagmar , Maier Wolfgang , Wagner Michael , Heser Kathrin , Weyerer Siegfried , Werle Jochen , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Stein Janine
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia is increasing as the oldest old population grows, requiring a nuanced understanding of their care needs. Few studies have examined need profiles of oldest old patients with MCI or dementia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify patients’ need profiles. Methods: The data analysis included cross-sectional baseline data from N = 716 primary care patients without cognitive impairment (n = 575), with MCI (n = 97), and with dementia (n = 44) aged 85+ years from the multicenter cohort AgeQualiDe study “needs, health service use, costs and health-related quality of life in a large sample of oldest old primary care patients [85+]”. Patients’ needs were assessed using the Camberwell Assessment of Needs for the Elderly (CANE), and latent class analysis identified need profiles. Multinomial logistic regression analyzed the association of MCI and dementia with need profiles, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, social network (Lubben Social Network Scale [LSNS-6]), and frailty (Canadian Study of Health and Aging-Clinical Frailty Scale [CSHA-CFS]). Results: Results indicated three profiles: “no needs,” “met physical and environmental needs,” and “unmet physical and environmental needs.” MCI was associated with the met and unmet physical and environmental needs profiles; dementia was associated with the unmet physical and environmental needs profile. Patients without MCI or dementia had larger social networks (LSNS-6). Frailty was associated with dementia. Conclusions: Integrated care should address the needs of the oldest old and support social networks for people with MCI or dementia. Assessing frailty can help clinicians to identify the most vulnerable patients and develop beneficial interventions for cognitive disorders.
A likely case of Theileriosis in cattle in Colombia. First report
Authors: Castañeda-Salazar Rubiela , Oliver-Espinosa Olimpo
Published: August 2024

A teileriose bovina é uma doença transmitida por carrapatos causada por protozoários do gênero Theileria, podendo acometer diferentes espécies de ruminantes, sendo principalmente bovinos entre as espécies domesticadas. A doença ocorre principalmente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais do mundo onde as condições climáticas e ambientais favorecem o desenvolvimento de seus vetores. Os sinais clínicos variam de acordo com a espécie infectante. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar clinicamente e apresentar o primeiro relato de Theileriose em vacas Holandesas e Simental na Colômbia. Duas novilhas gestantes de 22 meses de idade foram encaminhadas à Clínica de Grandes Animais da Universidade Nacional da Colômbia com histórico de depressão, pigmentúria e fezes escuras. Ao exame clínico, os principais sinais clínicos foram decúbito, desidratação grave (10-12%), mucosas ictéricas, pulso fraco. O hemograma revelou anemia grave, hipoproteinemia e linfopenia; alterações microscópicas nas hemácias como estruturas compatíveis com Theileria spp. foram observadas em linfócitos e hemácias. Observou-se elevação dos níveis de AST, GGT, uréia, cloreto e sódio e a gasometria revelou acidose metabólica; taquicardia ventricular foi observada em uma novilha. A anemia e as alterações morfológicas podem ser devidas à presença de Theileria nos eritrócitos que aumenta sua taxa de eliminação juntamente com alterações oxidativas ou mecanismos imunomediados. A linfopenia observada poderia ser atribuída à presença de microrganismos no interior das células que favorecem a destruição celular. O aumento nos níveis de enzimas hepáticas pode ter sido resultado de anemia, desidratação que causa má perfusão sanguínea do fígado. A acidose metabólica observada e a hiperlactatemia estiveram associadas à perfusão tissular inadequada. Em conclusão, este é um surto muito provável de Theileriose em novilhas Holandesas e Simental na Colômbia.
Prognostic Significance of Hemodynamics in Patients With Transposition of the Great Arteries and Systemic Right Ventricle
Authors: Aldweib Nael , Deghani Payam , Broberg Craig S. , van Dissel Alexandra , Altibi Ahmad , Wong Joshua , Baker David , Gindi Salil , Khairy Paul , Opotowsky Alexander R. , Shah Sangeeta , Magalski Anthony , Cramer Jonathan , Kauling Robert M. , Dellborg Mikael , Krieger Eric V. , Yeung Elizabeth , Roos-Hesselink Jolien , Aboulhosn Jamil , Nicolarsen Jeremy , Masha Luke , Gallego Pastora , Celermajer David S. , Kay Joseph , Vonder Muhll Isabelle , Jameson Susan M. , O’Donnell Clare , Fusco Flavia , John Anitha S. , Macon Conrad , Antonova Petra , Cotts Timothy , Sarubbi Berardo , Rodriguez Fred , DeZorzi Christopher , Jayadeva Pavithra S. , Kuo Marissa , Kutty Shelby , Gupta Tripti , Burchill Luke J. , Rodriguez Monserrate Carla P. , Lubert Adam M. , Grewal Jasmine , Pylypchuk Stephen , Belkin Mark N. , Wilson William M.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and systemic right ventricle often confront significant adverse cardiac events. The prognostic significance of invasive hemodynamic parameters in this context remains uncertain. Our hypothesis is that the aortic pulsatility index and hemodynamic profiling utilizing invasive measures provide prognostic insights for patients with TGA and a systemic right ventricle.

METHODS:

This retrospective multicenter cohort study encompasses adults with TGA and a systemic right ventricle who underwent cardiac catheterization. Data collection, spanning from 1994 to 2020, encompasses clinical and hemodynamic parameters, including measured and calculated values such as pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, aortic pulsatility index, and cardiac index. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and cardiac index values were used to establish 4 distinct hemodynamic profiles. A pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of ≥15 mm Hg indicated congestion, termed wet, while a cardiac index <2.2 L/min per m
2
signified inadequate perfusion, labeled cold. The primary outcome comprised a composite of all-cause death, heart transplantation, or the requirement for mechanical circulatory support.

RESULTS:

Of 1721 patients with TGA, 242 individuals with available invasive hemodynamic data were included. The median follow-up duration after cardiac catheterization was 11.4 (interquartile range, 7.5–15.9) years, with a mean age of 38.5±10.8 years at the time of cardiac catheterization. Among hemodynamic parameters, an aortic pulsatility index <1.5 emerged as a robust predictor of the primary outcome, with adjusted hazard ratios of 5.90 (95% CI, 3.01–11.62;
P
<0.001). Among the identified 4 hemodynamic profiles, the cold/wet profile was associated with the highest risk for the primary outcome, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.83 (95% CI, 1.63–9.02;
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

A low aortic pulsatility index (<1.5) and the cold/wet hemodynamic profile are linked with an elevated risk of adverse long-term cardiac outcomes in patients with TGA and systemic right ventricle.
Comparative Cardiovascular Effectiveness of Empagliflozin Versus Dapagliflozin in Adults With Treated Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation
Authors: Bonnesen Kasper , Heide-Jørgensen Uffe , Christensen Diana H. , Lash Timothy L. , Hennessy Sean , Matthews Anthony , Pedersen Lars , Thomsen Reimar W. , Schmidt Morten
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Empagliflozin and dapagliflozin have proven cardiovascular benefits in people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, but their comparative effectiveness is unknown.

METHODS:

This study used nationwide, population-based Danish health registries to emulate a hypothetical target trial comparing empagliflozin versus dapagliflozin initiation, in addition to standard care, among people with treated type 2 diabetes from 2014 through 2020. The outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure (HF), or cardiovascular death (major adverse cardiovascular event). Participants were followed until an outcome, emigration, or death occurred; 6 years after initiation; or December 31, 2021, whichever occurred first. Logistic regression was used to compute inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights, controlling for 57 potential confounders. In intention-to-treat analyses, 6-year adjusted risks, risk differences, and risk ratios, considering noncardiovascular death competing events, were estimated. Analyses were stratified by coexisting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and HF. A per-protocol design was performed as a secondary analysis.

RESULTS:

There were 36 670 eligible empagliflozin and 20 606 eligible dapagliflozin initiators. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the adjusted 6-year absolute risk of major adverse cardiovascular event was not different between empagliflozin and dapagliflozin initiators (10.0% versus 10.0%; risk difference, 0.0% [95% CI, −0.9% to 1.0%]; risk ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.91 to 1.11]). The findings were consistent in people with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (risk difference, −2.3% [95% CI, −8.2% to 3.5%]; risk ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.74 to 1.14]) and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (risk difference, 0.3% [95% CI, −0.6% to 1.2%]; risk ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.93 to 1.16]) and in people with HF (risk difference, 1.1% [95% CI, −6.5% to 8.6%]; risk ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.79 to 1.37]) and without HF (risk difference, −0.1% [95% CI, −1.0% to 0.8%]; risk ratio, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.90 to 1.09]). The 6-year risks of major adverse cardiovascular event were also not different in the per-protocol analysis (9.1% versus 8.8%; risk difference, 0.2% [95% CI, −2.1% to 2.5%]; risk ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.80 to 1.32]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Empagliflozin and dapagliflozin initiators had no differences in 6-year cardiovascular outcomes in adults with treated type 2 diabetes with or without coexisting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or HF.
Sex Disparities in the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes: Insights From the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking Program
Authors: Sola Michael , Mesenbring Elise , Glorioso Thomas J. , Gualano Sarah , Atkinson Tamara , Duvernoy Claire S. , Waldo Stephen W.
Published: August 2024

Background

Previous work has demonstrated disparities in the management of cardiovascular disease among men and women. We sought to evaluate these disparities and their associations with clinical outcomes among patients admitted with acute coronary syndromes to the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System.

Methods and Results

We identified all patients that were discharged with acute coronary syndromes within the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System from October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2022. Medical and procedural management of patients was subsequently assessed, stratified by sex. In doing so, we identified 76 454 unique admissions (2327 women, 3.04%), which after propensity matching created an analytic cohort composed of 6765 men (74.5%) and 2295 women (25.3%). Women admitted with acute coronary syndromes were younger with fewer cardiovascular comorbidities and a lower prevalence of preexisting prescriptions for cardiovascular medications. Women also had less coronary anatomic complexity compared with men (5 versus 8, standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.40), as calculated by the Veterans Affairs SYNTAX score. After discharge, women were significantly less likely to receive cardiology follow‐up at 30 days (hazard ratio [HR], 0.858 [95% CI, 0.794–0.928]) or 1 year (HR, 0.891 [95% CI, 0.842–0.943]), or receive prescriptions for guideline‐indicated cardiovascular medications. Despite this, 1‐year mortality rates were lower for women compared with men (HR, 0.841 [95% CI, 0.747–0.948]).

Conclusions

Women are less likely to receive appropriate cardiovascular follow‐up and medication prescriptions after hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes. Despite these differences, the clinical outcomes for women remain comparable. These data suggest an opportunity to improve the posthospitalization management of cardiovascular disease regardless of sex.
ACID: A comprehensive toolbox for image processing and modeling of brain, spinal cord, and ex vivo diffusion MRI data
Authors: David Gergely , Fricke Björn , Oeschger Jan Malte , Ruthotto Lars , Fritz Francisco J. , Ohana Ora , Mordhorst Laurin , Sauvigny Thomas , Freund Patrick , Tabelow Karsten , Mohammadi Siawoosh
Published: August 2024

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has become a crucial imaging technique in the field of neuroscience, with a growing number of clinical applications. Although most studies still focus on the brain, there is a growing interest in utilizing dMRI to investigate the healthy or injured spinal cord. The past decade has also seen the development of biophysical models that link MR-based diffusion measures to underlying microscopic tissue characteristics, which necessitates validation through ex vivo dMRI measurements. Building upon 13 years of research and development, we present an open-source, MATLAB-based academic software toolkit dubbed ACID: A Comprehensive Toolbox for Image Processing and Modeling of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Ex Vivo Diffusion MRI Data. ACID is an extension to the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software, designed to process and model dMRI data of the brain, spinal cord, and ex vivo specimens by incorporating state-of-the-art artifact correction tools, diffusion and kurtosis tensor imaging, and biophysical models that enable the estimation of microstructural properties in white matter. Additionally, the software includes an array of linear and nonlinear fitting algorithms for accurate diffusion parameter estimation. By adhering to the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) data organization principles, ACID facilitates standardized analysis, ensures compatibility with other BIDS-compliant software, and aligns with the growing availability of large databases utilizing the BIDS format. Furthermore, being integrated into the popular SPM framework, ACID benefits from a wide range of segmentation, spatial processing, and statistical analysis tools as well as a large and growing number of SPM extensions. As such, this comprehensive toolbox covers the entire processing chain from raw DICOM data to group-level statistics, all within a single software package.
A Historical Review of the Study of Multi-Ethnic Cultural Exchanges in the Himalayan Region
Authors: Li Peishen
Published: August 2024

The vast area of the Himalayas has historically been an important region for multiethnic cultural interaction and exchanges. Due to multiple factors such as history and politics, the overall integrity of this region is always overlooked. This region has always had a special position and unique influence in academic circles both at home and abroad. This article searched for literature on relevant academic websites such as CNKI and Springer, and used research methods such as literature research and Delphi to examine the research achievements of the Himalayan ethnic culture in both the East and the West. Research concerning Himalayan national culture in both the East and the West has facilitated many important academic achievements. By examining research results pertaining to Himalayan national culture from both the East and the West, this paper highlights the fact that Western Himalayan research has undergone enlightenment in terms of rapid development and in-depth research. For instance, the digital age has led to a diversified and multitopic academic process. However, in China, cross-regional national research on culture focused initially on the Tibetan Yi Corridor, the Ancient Tea-Horse Road and the Southern Silk Road in the beginning and subsequently emphasized multiethnic cultural exchanges across the Himalayan region. In recent years, an increasing number of research results have shown that attention to the process by which Himalayan social and cultural integrity research develops has gradually increased.
Atrocity Prevention and Response: Challenges for R2P
Authors: Evans Gareth
Published: August 2024

While longstanding critiques of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) as a Western interventionist doctrine are well known, this intervention argues that a new form of backlash politics to the R2P is emerging from key Western states that have long been its strongest advocates and supporters. This intervention argues that this trend is disconcerting in that it risks returning to an international politics of complacency whereby states are no longer willing to acknowledge or accept responsibility to assist populations from mass atrocities occurring within the borders of a foreign state. Two strategies are advocated to counter this trend among governments. First, is to emphasise the successes as well as acknowledge the failures of R2P. Second, to clearly articulate how it is in every country’s own national interest to respond decently to conscience-shocking atrocity crimes occurring elsewhere.
Sufi Commentaries on a Quranic Peace Verse
Authors: Cole Juan
Published: August 2024

Qur’ān 41:33–35 instructs that believers should return the greater or greatest good for acts of evil, and the commentators recognize that it is a counsel to nonviolence on the part of individuals. It is one of a series of peace verses in the Muslim scripture. The place of these ethical commandments in Muslim traditions has been little studied in the Western academy. This article focuses on prominent thinkers of Nishapur and Shiraz who laid the foundations for classical Sufism. The indigenous Muslim roots of Sufism and its tie to formal Islamic texts are increasingly underlined by scholars. All three of the figures on which we concentrate authored substantial commentaries on the Qur’ān, and all three found this passage important for their ethical frameworks. For medieval Sufi thinkers Qur’ān 41:33–35 opened up the possibility of peace and reconciliation after conflict in society, whether within Sufi study circles or in wider urban environments, including both elite strata and that of urban artisans and youth.
Oldest record of a larva of long-legged velvet mite (Erythraeoidea) parasitising an immature planthopper
Authors: ARCE SOFÍA I. , HAUG CAROLIN , MÜLLER PATRICK , HAUG JOACHIM T. , FU YAN-ZHE
Published: August 2024

The fossilization of organisms in amber displaying the behaviour in which they were engaged when becoming entrapped in tree resin is known as “frozen behaviour” (Arillo, 2007). Findings of frozen behaviour are rare and can uncover valuable information on how food webs were structured in the past. One of the most reported interactions between organisms in amber is the case of parasitengonan mites still attached to their hosts (De Baets et al., 2021). Parasitengona is an ingroup of Trombidiformes characterised by a complex life cycle (Krantz & Walter, 2009) in which the active post-larval forms (deutonymph and adult) are predatory, while the six-legged heteromorphic larva (for challenges of the term, see Haug, 2020) is parasitic on euarthropodan and vertebrate hosts (Mąkol et al., 2012). Given the firm grip of most parasitengonan mites to their hosts (e.g., Åbro, 1988), these mites are often found in amber still attached to them (De Baets et al., 2021). Among Parasitengona, there is an ingroup characterised by their extremely long legs (Wohltmann, 2000), Erythraeoidea, or long-legged velvet mites. Erythraeoidean larvae parasitise several euarthropodan groups, with few exceptions (Stroiński et al., 2013). Most known hosts from the fossil record are dipterans (as reviewed by Arillo et al., 2018; Arce et al., 2024), with a few reports on other insects: a moth (Poinar et al., 1991), a spider and a booklouse (Weitschat & Wichard 1998), and a cicada (Poinar et al., 2012). Here we report a piece of Kachin (Myanmar) amber of ca. 100 Mya with a mite attached to a planthopper. We further discuss its implications for the host-parasite relationship of Erythraeoidea.
Modeling Spatial Asymmetries in Teleconnected Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Krock Mitchell L. , Bessac Julie , Stein Michael L.
Published: August 2024

Combining strengths from deep learning and extreme value theory can help describe complex relationships between variables where extreme events have significant impacts (e.g., environmental or financial applications). Neural networks learn complicated nonlinear relationships from large datasets under limited parametric assumptions. By definition, the number of occurrences of extreme events is small, which limits the ability of the data-hungry, nonparametric neural network to describe rare events. Inspired by recent extreme cold winter weather events in North America caused by atmospheric blocking, we examine several probabilistic generative models for the entire multivariate probability distribution of daily boreal winter surface air temperature. We propose metrics to measure spatial asymmetries, such as long-range anticorrelated patterns that commonly appear in temperature fields during blocking events. Compared to vine copulas, the statistical standard for multivariate copula modeling, deep learning methods show improved ability to reproduce complicated asymmetries in the spatial distribution of ERA5 temperature reanalysis, including the spatial extent of in-sample extreme events.
Resonant Excitation of Kelvin Waves by Interactions of Subtropical Rossby Waves and the Zonal Mean Flow
Authors: Holube Katharina M. , Lunkeit Frank , Vasylkevych Sergiy , Žagar Nedjeljka
Published: August 2024

Equatorial Kelvin waves can be affected by subtropical Rossby wave dynamics. Previous research has demonstrated the Kelvin wave growth in response to subtropical forcing and the resonant growth due to eddy momentum flux convergence. However, the relative importance of the wave–mean flow and wave–wave interactions for the Kelvin wave growth compared to the direct wave excitation by the external forcing has not been made clear. This study demonstrates the resonant Kelvin wave excitation by interactions of subtropical Rossby waves and the mean flow using a spherical shallow-water model. The use of Hough harmonics as basis functions makes Rossby and Kelvin waves prognostic variables of the model and allows the quantification of terms contributing to their tendencies in physical and wave spaces. The simulations show that Kelvin waves are resonantly excited by interactions of Rossby waves and the balanced zonal mean flow in the subtropics, provided the Rossby and Kelvin wave frequencies, which are modified by the mean flow, match. The resonance mechanism is substantiated by analytical expressions. The Kelvin wave tendencies are caused by velocity and depth tendencies: The velocity tendencies due to the meridional advection of the zonal mean velocity can be outweighed by the zonal advection of the Rossby wave velocity or by the depth tendencies due to Rossby wave divergence. Identifying the resonant excitation mechanism in data should contribute to the quantification of Kelvin wave variability originating in the subtropics.

Significance Statement

This study seeks to understand how Kelvin waves, which are eastward-propagating disturbances in the tropical atmosphere, are connected to Rossby wave dynamics in the subtropics. Using idealized simulations, the Kelvin wave excitation is explained as a resonance effect due to interactions of Rossby waves and the zonal mean flow. The mechanism contributes to the understanding of atmospheric wave interactions and extratropical effects on the tropics. Further work searching for evidence of the new mechanism in atmospheric data may shed a new light on subseasonal variability in the tropics, such as the Madden–Julian oscillation.
Is There Linkage Between State Citizen Civility & State Legislative Civility?
Authors: Pierce John C. , Schreckhise William D. , Kurtz Karl , Lovrich Nicholas P. , Benjamin Francis , Steel Brent S. , Stehr Steven D.
Published: August 2024

This study examines the linkage between state citizen civility and the extent to which similar levels of civility are expressed in their state legislatures. Specifically, we explore whether the perceived level of citizen incivility and sociability in a state predicts the level of legislative incivility in that same state. Our results indicate that while there seems to be an overall linkage between citizen civility and sociability and legislative civility in each state, some states are notable outliers that deviate from this overall pattern. We explore possible intervening effects on this linkage that can account for outliers to this relationship, including institutional arrangements and political culture.