bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Governments’ Fiscal Behaviors on Public Finance Sustainability: A Comparative Study
Authors: Onofrei Mihaela , Toader Tudorel , Vatamanu Anca Florentina , Oprea Florin
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research is to highlight the specificity of fiscal sustainability in some developing EU countries by analyzing the implications of fiscal rules on governments’ fiscal behaviors. We employ a panel data analysis to evaluate developing EU countries for the period 2000–2014 and we investigate the status of convergence of fiscal responsibility coordinates by computing the convergence score of fiscal responsibility. The research is based on interdisciplinary coordinates and helps to consolidate judgments from both legal and financial perspectives, making a contribution to the literature that investigates the relationship between the legal framework related to government decision-making and public finance sustainability. The choice of the study sample in relation to developing EU countries represents a contribution and a point of reference for the literature that investigates the sustainability of developing EU countries and highlights the importance of fiscal risk management and control mechanisms in enhancing the performance of the public sector and fiscal sustainability. The results suggest that it is important to reinforce the interaction between the legal framework and the institutional one by identifying good practices for designing and operating effective independent fiscal institutions, making them capable not only of advising the government on fiscal policy matters but also of promoting sound fiscal policy and sustainable public finance.
Erbil City Built Heritage and Wellbeing: An Assessment of Local Perceptions Using the Semantic Differential Scale
Authors: Sektani Hawar Himdad J. , Khayat Mahmood , Mohammadi Masi , Roders Ana Pereira
Published: March 2021

Community perceptions and experiences of built heritage are essential in understanding the built heritage and effect in individual and community wellbeing. Subsequently, local perceptions of built heritage directly influence the conservation and heritage-led interventions. This study investigated local perceptions of built heritage in Erbil by assessing responses of 414 participants using a questionnaire survey aiming to identify how built heritage is perceived by the various group samples, exploring local perceptions’ (in)consistencies. Significant differences were found between architects’ and non-architects’ perceptions and related wellbeing. As the groups attribute different values, the results suggest that heritage buildings do not contribute to the wellbeing of non-architects as much as to architects. A contradicting result was found between modern and heritage buildings. This study contributes to the notion of human-centrality of the built environment by assessing local perceptions of built heritage, that, when implemented in urban planning and heritage management, can contribute to the city’s socio-cultural sustainable development.
Understanding the Logic of Climate Change Adaptation: Unpacking Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation by Smallholder Farmers in Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Chingombe Wisemen , Musarandega Happwell
Published: March 2021

Smallholder farmers in Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe, have grappled for a long time with the effects of climate change despite the locally and externally driven resilience-building initiatives in place. This paper adopts a qualitative approach to explore the encountered adaptation barriers. Smallholder farmers, Agricultural Technical and Extension Services (AGRITEX) officers, and the traditional leadership fraternity were randomly selected from the district’s 22 rural wards as study participants. Data were solicited using focus group discussions and face-to-face interviews that were corroborated by researcher observation methods. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis of key perspectives drawn from smallholder farmers, traditional leaders, and extension officers who work with farmers. What was unveiled is an assortment of barrier dynamics related to climate, finance, infrastructure, generational change, water resources, inefficient bureaucracy, gender inequality, and health barriers. Vensim PLE 7.3 software was used to illustrate barrier components as they act together to cripple smallholder farmers’ efforts to raise their adaptive capacity. Adaptation barriers are complex and, therefore, cannot be addressed using policies that are fragmented. The paper recommends a multidimensional approach by policy makers to analyse adaptive barriers to build more climate resilience within smallholder farmer communities.
Comparison of Bioactive Substances Content between Commercial and Wild-Type Isolates of Pleurotus eryngii
Authors: Calabretti Antonella , Mang Stefania M. , Becce Antonella , Castronuovo Donato , Cardone Loriana , Candido Vincenzo , Camele Ippolito
Published: March 2021

Mushrooms belonging to Pleurotus genus have been demonstrated to have important nutritional and medicinal value and their regular intake prevent many diseases, reduce the infection probability and increase immunity. In order to investigate the bioactive compounds produced by seven commercial (‘142 F’, ‘142 E’, ‘D+’, ‘V turbo’, ‘V 142’, ‘A 12’, ‘V 160’) and five wild-type (‘Albino 1107’, ‘Altamura 1603’, ‘Muro Lucano 139’, ‘Conversano 1250’, ‘Albino beige chiaro 1094’) P. eryngii isolates, the following qualitative analyses were performed: Total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity (EC50 of ABTS) and antiradical power (ARP) in fresh lyophilized and dry basidioma, and water content, β-glucans and phenolic compounds in fresh samples. Standard methods were employed for each of the above mentioned aims. Total polyphenol content was diverse among the P. eryngii isolates. In particular, an elevated polyphenolic content was found in fresh lyophilized P. eryngii samples of the commercial isolates ‘V 142’ followed by ‘A 12’. The highest antiradical activity (ARP) was obtained by ‘Muro Lucano 139’ isolate. Wild P. eryngii isolates were characterized by higher water and β-glucans contents compared to the commercial ones, and the highest values were registered for the ‘Albino beige chiaro 1094’ isolate. In conclusion, the present study allowed us to identify the commercial and wild-type P. eryngii isolates from the Basilicata region, with high nutritional and medicinal value based on their bioactive compounds.
Mode Choice Change under Environmental Constraints in the Combined Modal Split and Traffic Assignment Model
Authors: Ryu Seungkyu
Published: March 2021

With the increasing level of air pollution and fine dust, many countries are trying to prevent further environmental damage, with various government legislations, such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. In the transportation field, a variety of environmental protection schemes are also being considered (e.g., banning old diesel vehicles, alternate no-driving systems, electric car subsidies, and environmental cost charging by tax). Imposing environmental constraints is a good approach to reflect various environmental protections. The objective of this research was to analyze the mode-choice and route-choice changes based on imposing environmental constraints. For the objective, a combined modal split and traffic assignment (CMA) model with an environmental constraint model was developed. For the environmental constraint, carbon monoxide (CO) was adopted, because most of the CO emissions in the air are emitted by motorized vehicles. After a detailed description of the model, the validity and some properties of the model and algorithm are demonstrated with two numerical examples (e.g., a small and a real network in the city of Winnipeg, Canada). From the numerical results, we can observe that imposing the small restriction (or strict) value has more efficiency in mode change and reducing network emission.
Do Good, Have Good: A Mechanism of Fostering Customer Pro-Environmental Behaviors
Authors: Ansari Nabeel Younus , Anjum Temoor , Farrukh Muhammad , Heidler Petra
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to investigate the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in fostering customer’s pro-environmental behavior (PEBs) through customer engagement (CE). Data collected from the hotel customers were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The present research findings reveal the significant role of CSR activities in positively influencing customer PEBs. Moreover, the results also suggest the mediation of CE in the relationship between CSR and customer PEBs. The current research findings offer significant implications that can be employed in developing a result-oriented marketing strategy in CSR activities that contribute to environmental protection and sustainability.
Rural Housing Vacancy in Metropolitan Suburbs and Its Influencing Factors: A Case Study of Nanjing, China
Authors: Zhao Liyuan , Wang Xingping
Published: March 2021

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, rural housing vacancy (RHV) has become an increasingly universal phenomenon in China, causing many economic and social problems. Despite many studies on RHV, relatively little attention has been paid to distinguishing the types of vacant rural houses as well as RHV in metropolitan suburbs. Drawing upon survey data from 23 sampled villages of the Nanjing metropolitan area in China, this paper differentiates RHV into permanent vacancy and temporary vacancy and analyzes the influences of location, government interventions, and the villages’ characteristics on the two types of RHV. The empirical results show that villages located in inner suburbs and with medium travel time to city centers have higher permanent RHV rates, while those located further away from city centers usually have higher temporary RHV rates. The local government’s restrictive plans and housing construction restrictions do not increase the permanent RHV rate nor temporary RHV rate, whereas supportive plans and financial investment reduce the permanent RHV rate and increase the temporary RHV rate. Permanent RHV rates are relatively lower in villages that are less reliant on agricultural development. Those villages usually have higher sublet rates of farmland, a lower proportion of agriculture laborers, and better development of manufacturing or tourism. However, temporary RHV rates do not differ significantly between agricultural villages and non-agricultural villages. The paper finds an unusual “middle bump” phenomenon of permanent RHV rate and explains it with the law of commuting circles. Some policy implications are put forward to promote the transformation and sustainable development of rural areas in China’s metropolitan suburbs.
Deciphering the Effects of Waste Amendments on Particulate Organic Carbon and Soil C-Mineralization Dynamics
Authors: Ma Xiang , Zhang Qingqing , Wu Haibing , Liang Jing
Published: March 2021

It is important to understand the dynamics of soil carbon to study the effects of waste amendment inputs on soil organic carbon decomposition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of waste amendment carbon input on the soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil particulate organic carbon (POC) content and soil organic carbon mineralization rate dynamics. A 60-day experiment was carried out in the laboratory. The following treatments were compared: (1) CK: soil without amendments; (2) FW1: soil with food waste compost (soil/food waste compost = 100:1); (3) FW2: soil with food waste compost (soil/food waste compost = 100:2); (4) GW1: soil with garden waste compost (soil/garden waste compost = 100:0.84); (5) GW2: soil with garden waste compost (soil/garden waste compost = 100:1.67); (6) FGW1: soil amendments mixture (soil/food waste compost/garden waste compost = 100:0.5:0.42); (7) FGW2: soil amendments mixture (soil/food waste compost/garden waste compost = 100:1:0.84); the inputs of amendment carbon to FW1, GW1 and FGW1 were 2.92 g kg−1, the inputs of amendment carbon to FW2, GW2 and FGW2 were 5.84 g kg−1. The results showed that the addition of waste amendments increased the amount of cumulative mineralization from 95% to 262% and accelerated the rate of soil mineralization. After adding organic materials, the change in the soil organic carbon mineralization rate could be divided into two stages: the fast stage and the slow stage. The dividing point of the two stages was approximately 10 days. When equal amounts of waste amendment carbon were input to the soil, there was no significant difference in SOC between food waste and garden waste. However, SOC increased with the amount of amendment addition. However, for POC, there was no significant difference between the different amounts of carbon input to the garden waste compost treatments. SOC and POC were significantly correlated with the cumulative emissions of CO2.
Yield and Cost Effects of Plot-Level Wheat Seed Rates and Seed Recycling Practices in the East Gojam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Application of the Dose–Response Model
Authors: Eshete Yirgalem , Alamirew Bamlaku , Bishaw Zewdie
Published: March 2021

Previous studies investigated the effects of seed rates and seed recycling practices on the yield and yield-related variables. However, higher yield does not always guarantee cost-efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the yield effects of plot-level seed rate and the cost–benefit analysis of seed recycling practices. This study has introduced the dose–response model to the existing analytical methods used in analyzing the effect of different agrochemicals on crop yield. A multi-stage stratified sampling technique was used to select a total of 450 sample respondents. Data were gathered using a mix of data collection tools. Descriptive statistics along with the dose–response model were applied for data analysis. Farmers of the study were found to be dissimilar in terms of their seed rate application. A dose–response analysis indicated that the highest average wheat yield was associated with a seed rate of 50 kg ha−1 above what is recommended. The yield effect of seed recycling was also assessed, and a one-time seed recycling has caused a yield decline of 665 kg ha−1 compared to the non-recycled seeds. The cost reduced using recycled seed is by far lower than the economic gains associated with using unrecycled and fresh seeds. The cost–benefit analysis made clear that farmers can reduce their seed costs through seed recycling, but their yields and net income can be best improved by using unrecycled certified bread wheat seed (CBWS). Thus, farmers must be encouraged to use unrecycled seed by establishing agricultural credit schemes geared towards seed procurement and seed price subsidy as key strategies to reduce economically wasteful seed recycling practices.
Triple Modular Redundancy Optimization for Threshold Determination in Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Babić Ivan , Miljković Aleksandar , Čabarkapa Milan , Nikolić Vojkan , Đorđević Aleksandar , Ranđelović Milan , Ranđelović Dragan
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a novel approach for an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) based on one kind of asymmetric optimization which use any three already well-known IDS algorithms and Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) algorithm together. Namely, a variable threshold which indicates an attack on an observed and protected network is determined by using all three values obtained with three known IDS algorithms i.e., on previously recorded data by making a decision by majority. For these algorithms authors used algorithm of k-nearest neighbors, cumulative sum algorithm, and algorithm of exponentially weighted moving average. Using a proposed method we can get a threshold that is more precisely determined than in the case of any method individual. Practically, using TMR we obtain a dynamically threshold adjustment of IDS software, which reduces the existence of false alarms and undetected attacks, so the efficiency of such IDS software is notably higher and can get better results. Today, Denial of Service attacks (DoS) are one of the most present type of attacks and the reason for the special attention paid to them in this paper. In addition, the authors of the proposed method for IDS software used a known CIC-DDoS2019 dataset, which contains various data recordings of such attacks. Obtained results with the proposed solution showed better characteristics than each individual used algorithm in this solution. IDS software with the proposed method worked precisely and timely, which means alarms were triggered properly and efficiently.
iAmideV-Deep: Valine Amidation Site Prediction in Proteins Using Deep Learning and Pseudo Amino Acid Compositions
Authors: Naseer Sheraz , Ali Rao Faizan , Muneer Amgad , Fati Suliman Mohamed
Published: March 2021

Amidation is an important post translational modification where a peptide ends with an amide group (–NH2) rather than carboxyl group (–COOH). These amidated peptides are less sensitive to proteolytic degradation with extended half-life in the bloodstream. Amides are used in different industries like pharmaceuticals, natural products, and biologically active compounds. The in-vivo, ex-vivo, and in-vitro identification of amidation sites is a costly and time-consuming but important task to study the physiochemical properties of amidated peptides. A less costly and efficient alternative is to supplement wet lab experiments with accurate computational models. Hence, an urgent need exists for efficient and accurate computational models to easily identify amidated sites in peptides. In this study, we present a new predictor, based on deep neural networks (DNN) and Pseudo Amino Acid Compositions (PseAAC), to learn efficient, task-specific, and effective representations for valine amidation site identification. Well-known DNN architectures are used in this contribution to learn peptide sequence representations and classify peptide chains. Of all the different DNN based predictors developed in this study, Convolutional neural network-based model showed the best performance surpassing all other DNN based models and reported literature contributions. The proposed model will supplement in-vivo methods and help scientists to determine valine amidation very efficiently and accurately, which in turn will enhance understanding of the valine amidation in different biological processes.
The Role of Small Scale Experiments in the Direct Detection of Dark Matter
Authors: Cebrián Susana
Published: March 2021

In the direct detection of the galactic dark matter, experiments using cryogenic solid-state detectors or noble liquids play for years a very relevant role, with increasing target mass and more and more complex detection systems. But smaller projects, based on very sensitive, advanced detectors following new technologies, could help in the exploration of the different proposed dark matter scenarios too. There are experiments focused on the observation of distinctive signatures of dark matter, like an annual modulation of the interaction rates or the directionality of the signal; other ones are intended to specifically investigate low mass dark matter candidates or particular interactions. For this kind of dark matter experiments at small scale, the physics case will be discussed and selected projects will be described, summarizing the basics of their detection methods and presenting their present status, recent results and prospects.
Special Issue: “Innate Immune Sensing of Viruses and Viral Evasion”
Authors: König Renate , Münk Carsten
Published: March 2021

In this Special Issue, a wide variety of original and review articles provide a timely overview of how viruses are recognized by and evade from cellular innate immunity, which represents the first line of defense against viruses [...]
Insect-Specific Flavivirus Replication in Mammalian Cells Is Inhibited by Physiological Temperature and the Zinc-Finger Antiviral Protein
Authors: Colmant Agathe M.G. , Hobson-Peters Jody , Slijkerman Teun A.P. , Harrison Jessica J. , Pijlman Gorben P. , van Oers Monique M. , Simmonds Peter , Hall Roy A. , Fros Jelke J.
Published: March 2021

The genus Flavivirus contains pathogenic vertebrate-infecting flaviviruses (VIFs) and insect-specific flaviviruses (ISF). ISF transmission to vertebrates is inhibited at multiple stages of the cellular infection cycle, via yet to be elucidated specific antiviral responses. The zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) in vertebrate cells can bind CpG dinucleotides in viral RNA, limiting virus replication. Interestingly, the genomes of ISFs contain more CpG dinucleotides compared to VIFs. In this study, we investigated whether ZAP prevents two recently discovered lineage II ISFs, Binjari (BinJV) and Hidden Valley viruses (HVV) from replicating in vertebrate cells. BinJV protein and dsRNA replication intermediates were readily observed in human ZAP knockout cells when cultured at 34 °C. In ZAP-expressing cells, inhibition of the interferon response via interferon response factors 3/7 did not improve BinJV protein expression, whereas treatment with kinase inhibitor C16, known to reduce ZAP’s antiviral function, did. Importantly, at 34 °C, both BinJV and HVV successfully completed the infection cycle in human ZAP knockout cells evident from infectious progeny virus in the cell culture supernatant. Therefore, we identify vertebrate ZAP as an important barrier that protects vertebrate cells from ISF infection. This provides new insights into flavivirus evolution and the mechanisms associated with host switching.
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of EAPE in the South China Sea Derived from ECCO2 Data from 1997 to 2019
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhou Lei , Xie Lingling
Published: March 2021

Using Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (phase 2, ECCO2) reanalysis products from 1997 to 2019, this study analyzes the spatiotemporal features of the eddy available gravitational potential energy (EAPE) in the South China Sea (SCS). The results indicate that the EAPE accounts for 64% of the total APE in the SCS with the climatological mean. The 2D EAPE distribution images manifest show high-value regions which are generally consistent with the eddy distributions. One region is located around 21° N and west of the Luzon Strait, the second around 17° N and near Luzon Island, and the third off the Vietnam coast. In the region around 21° N and 17° N, both the seasonal variability and the interannual variability associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are significant. Off the Vietnam coast, the EAPE is closely associated with coastal processes which heavily depend on the seasonal monsoon, the El Nino/La Nina events, and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The results provide new insights into SCS dynamics from the point of view of ocean energy sources.
Strategies for Improving Optimal Positioning of Quality Sensors in Urban Drainage Systems for Non-Conservative Contaminants
Authors: Sambito Mariacrocetta , Freni Gabriele
Published: March 2021

In the urban drainage sector, the problem of polluting discharges in sewers may act on the proper functioning of the sewer system, on the wastewater treatment plant reliability and on the receiving water body preservation. Therefore, the implementation of a chemical monitoring network is necessary to promptly detect and contain the event of contamination. Sensor location is usually an optimization exercise that is based on probabilistic or black-box methods and their efficiency is usually dependent on the initial assumption made on possible eligibility of nodes to become a monitoring point. It is a common practice to establish an initial non-informative assumption by considering all network nodes to have equal possibilities to allocate a sensor. In the present study, such a common approach is compared with different initial strategies to pre-screen eligible nodes as a function of topological and hydraulic information, and non-formal ‘grey’ information on the most probable locations of the contamination source. Such strategies were previously compared for conservative xenobiotic contaminations and now they are compared for a more difficult identification exercise: the detection of nonconservative immanent contaminants. The strategies are applied to a Bayesian optimization approach that demonstrated to be efficient in contamination source location. The case study is the literature network of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) manual, Example 8. The results show that the pre-screening and ‘grey’ information are able to reduce the computational effort needed to obtain the optimal solution or, with equal computational effort, to improve location efficiency. The nature of the contamination is highly relevant, affecting monitoring efficiency, sensor location and computational efforts to reach optimality.
Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Flow Pattern and Anti-Vortex Measures of Forebay in a Multi-Unit Pumping Station
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Yiqi , Liu Chao , Wang Tieli , Jiang Dongjin , Jin Yan
Published: March 2021

The forebay of a pumping station is an important building connecting the diversion channel and the intake pool. Based on the physical model test and research method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on the improved fluid volume model, the flow field in a forebay of a multi-unit pumping station is analyzed in combination with the engineering practice of the Exi River flood discharge station in the Anhui Province, China. Aiming at the technical problems of a large-scale swing water area in the forebay internal flow field of a lateral intake pumping station, the technical problems are discussed. Different rectification measures are selected to adjust the flow pattern in the forebay of a pumping station. The internal rectification flow pattern in the forebay under different plans, the uniformity of flow velocity distribution in the measurement section, and the reduction rate of the vortex area are studied and compared, and the optimal plan is given. The results show that the flow pattern of the 7.5 m and 15 m solutions of the lengthened inflow wall is still poor, and the ability to eliminate vortices is not strong or even counterproductive. The combination plan of a rectifier sill and a rectifier pier has a better effect and can eliminate more than 90% of the vortex, but the uniformity of flow speed has not been significantly improved at the inlet of the pumping station; the combination plan of a rectifier sill and a diversion wall opening has the best effect; the reduction rate of the vortex area is more than 85%, and the velocity uniformity of three measuring sections is better than that of the original plan. The uniformity of flow rate near the pumping station is increased by 4% and that far away from the pumping station is increased by 13%. The combination plan of a rectifier sill and diversion wall with openings is recommended.
Groundwater of the Modder River Catchment of South Africa: A Sustainability Prediction
Authors: Oke Saheed Adeyinka , Alowo Rebecca
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a spatial interpolation of the hydrological and socioeconomic processes impacting groundwater systems to predict the sustainability of the Modder river catchment of South Africa. These processes are grouped as climatic (factor A), aquifer sustainability (factor D), social-economic and land use (factor B), and the human-induced parameters of rights and equity (factor C). The parameters evaluated for factors A and D included climatic zones, precipitation, sunshine, evapotranspiration, slope, topography, recharge, yields, storativity, aquifer types, and lithology/rock types. Factors B and C included population in the catchment, use per capita, water uses, tariffs and duration of the permits, pump rate per year, number of issued permits per year in the catchment, and number of boreholes in the sub-catchment. This paper, therefore, looks at the impact of the average values of the chosen set of parameters within the given factors A, B, C and D on groundwater in the C52 catchment of the Modder River, as modelled in a sustainability index. C52 is an Upper Orange catchment in South Africa. The results are presented in sustainability maps predicting areas in the catchment with differing groundwater dynamics. The Modder River groundwater sustainability ranged between low and moderate sustainability. The sustainability maps were validated with actual field groundwater recharge and surface water, a comparison between storativity and licensed volume, and a comparison of sustainability scores and storativity. The key finding in this paper will assist groundwater managers and users to adequately plan groundwater resources, especially on licensing and over pumping.
Evaluation of Coronary Sinus Strain in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: ÖZDEMIR İbrahim Halil , TEZCAN Ugur
Published: March 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a major public health problem. The accompanying small and large vessel diseases lead to organ system dysfunction associated with a high morbidity and mortality This study adressed the effect of diabetes on cardiac venous system by assessment of the coronary sinus strain.

Methods: 49 patients with and 53 without DM were included in the study, whose heart failure and heart valve pathology were excluded. Coronary sinüs strain (CSS) was evaluated with echocardiography in both groups. In addition, the aortic strain (AS) was assessed in both groups to evaluate the effects of DM on the arterial system.

Results: CSS was 113.16±17.89 in the patient group and 165.12±19.30 in the control group. We observed a significant difference between the mean CSS of the patients and the controls (p
Porous Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductor Interlayers for Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Kim So Yeon , Li Ju
Published: March 2021

Rechargeable solid-state batteries (SSBs) have emerged as the next-generation energy storage device based on lowered fire hazard and the potential of realizing advanced battery chemistries, such as alkali metal anodes. However, ceramic solid electrolytes (SEs) generally have limited capability in relieving mechanical stress and are not chemically stable against body-centered cubic alkali metals or their alloys with minor solute elements (
β
-phase). Swelling-then-retreating of
β
-phase often causes instabilities such as SE fracture and corrosion as well as the loss of electronic/ionic contact, which leads to high charge-transfer resistance, short-circuiting, etc. These challenges have called for the cooperation from other classes of materials and novel nanocomposite architectures in relieving stress and preserving essential contacts while minimizing detrimental disruptions. In this review, we summarize recent progress in addressing these issues by incorporating other classes of materials such as mixed ion-electron conductor (MIEC) porous interlayers and ion-electron insulator (IEI) binders, in addition to SE and metals (e.g.,
β
-phase and current collectors) that are the traditional SSB components. In particular, we focus on providing theoretical interpretations on how open nanoporous MIEC interlayers manipulate
β
-phase deposition and stripping behavior and thereby suppress such instabilities, referring to the fundamental thermodynamics and kinetics governing the nucleation and growth of the
β
-phase. The review concludes by describing avenues for the future design of porous MIEC interlayers for SSBs.
The Jahn-Teller Effect for Amorphization of Molybdenum Trioxide towards High-Performance Fiber Supercapacitor
Authors: Yu Chenyang , Xu Hai , Gong Yujiao , Chen Ruyi , Hui Zengyu , Zhao Xi , Sun Yue , Chen Qiang , Zhou Jinyuan , Ji Wenxin , Sun Gengzhi , Huang Wei
Published: March 2021

Amorphous pseudocapacitive nanomaterials are highly desired in energy storage applications for their disordered crystal structures, fast electrochemical dynamics, and outstanding cyclic stability, yet hardly achievable using the state-of-the-art synthetic strategies. Herein, for the first time, high capacitive fiber electrodes embedded with nanosized amorphous molybdenum trioxide (A-MoO
3-x
) featuring an average particle diameter of ~20 nm and rich oxygen vacancies are obtained
via
a top-down method using
α
-MoO
3
bulk belts as the precursors. The Jahn-Teller distortion in MoO
6
octahedra due to the doubly degenerate ground state of Mo
5+
, which can be continuously strengthened by oxygen vacancies, triggers the phase transformation of
α
-MoO
3
bulk belts (up to 30 
μ
m long and 500 nm wide). The optimized fibrous electrode exhibits among the highest volumetric performance with a specific capacitance (

C

V

) of 921.5 F cm
-3
under 0.3 A cm
-3
, endowing the fiber-based weaveable supercapacitor superior

C

V

and

E

V

(energy density) of 107.0 F cm
-3
and 9.5 mWh cm
-3
, respectively, together with excellent cyclic stability, mechanical robustness, and rate capability. This work demonstrates a promising strategy for synthesizing nanosized amorphous materials in a scalable, cost-effective, and controllable manner.
Nauczanie Kościoła katolickiego o małżeństwie i rodzinie a wybrane wyzwania związane z rodzicielstwem
Authors: Sorkowicz Anastazja
Published: March 2021

Celem prezentowanego artykułu jest prześledzenie wybranych fragmentów nauczania Kościoła Katolickiego o małżeństwie i rodzinie oraz odniesienie do nich istotnych wyzwań związanych z odpowiedzialnym pełnieniem roli rodziców. Na podstawie dokonanej analizy, zarówno materiałów źródłowych, jak i opracowań, można stwierdzić, że wejście na drogę sakramentalnego małżeństwa łączy się z konkretnymi zobowiązaniami zarówno małżonków wobec siebie wzajemnie, jak i wobec będących owocem ich związku dzieci. Zrozumienie istoty małżeństwa i rodziny, spokojne przyjmowanie kolejnych etapów życia małżeńskiego i rodzinnego, jako zmiany będącej bardziej szansą na nowe, aniżeli stratą oraz zaangażowanie w pracę na rzecz uczynienia małżeństwa i rodziny miejscem rozwoju wszystkich, wydają się być wyzwaniami, przed którymi stają wszyscy małżonkowie-rodzice. Koniecznym elementem codziennego życia wspólnoty rodzinnej jest przyjmowanie właściwej perspektywy relacji wewnątrzrodzinnych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pierwszeństwa relacji małżeńskiej.
Amor coniugalis e matrimonio canonico
Authors: Sconosciuto Andrea Sconosciuto
Published: March 2021

The innovation introduced by Vatican Council II about the research on marriage led great changes in the 1983 edition of the Canon Law of the Catholic Church. The former 1917 Canon Law the purpose and the essence of marriage lacked well-defined boundaries; indeed, the two concepts were often confused. Marriage was only viewed as a contract with a purpose. The personalistic vision developed by the Vatican Council introduced a new conception of the essence of marriage. Marital love became the centre of married life while the path of the spouses in married life is seen as a spiritual and factual growth in love. In full compliance with the conciliar teaching, the post synodal Apostolic Exhortation Amoris Laetitia of Pope Francis confers to “elementum amoris” a historical connotation, a present and a future in the growth of family and matrimonial life. Marriage becomes fulfilment of God’s plan for man.
Otoczenie społeczne rodzin dzieci zdolnych
Authors: Stańczak Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

Towarzyszenie dziecku w procesie rozwoju jego potencjału zdolnościowego – od poziomu początkowego aż do wybitności – jest dużym wyzwaniem dla rodziny, która na poszczególnych etapach transformacji zdolności córki czy syna podejmuje zróżnicowane działania stymulujące i wspierające. Czynnikiem, który pomaga rodzicom sprostać temu zadaniu jest obecność innych osób.

Artykuł podejmuje temat społecznego otoczenia rodzin wychowujących dzieci zdolne, które w różnym zakresie i stopniu uczestniczy w codziennych zmaganiach rodziców, konstruujących ścieżki rozwojowe swoich dzieci.
Zintegrowany system wsparcia rodzin doświadczających problemu ubóstwa w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim
Authors: Lisowska Kinga , Łojko Majka
Published: March 2021

Region Warmii i Mazur od lata zmaga się z ubóstwem, a jego wskaźnik jest dużo większy od danych pochodzących z innych obszarów Polski. Największy odsetek osób ubogich z województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego, w tym rodzin z dziećmi znajduje się na terenach wiejskich i małych miasteczek. Zjawisku biedy towarzyszą także dodatkowe problemy powodujące marginalizację i wykluczenie w różnych sferach życia.

Władze województwa podejmują systemowe działania wspierające rodziny znajdujące się w kryzysie ekonomiczno-społecznym poprzez pomoc w postaci świadczeń pieniężnych i niepieniężnych, które przyznawane są przez odpowiednie ośrodki pomocy społecznej. Bardzo ważnym i mogącym znacznie obniżyć poziom ubóstwa nie tylko w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim, ale także w całym kraju, jest program zawarty w dokumencie Strategia Europa 2020. Zakłada on zmniejszenie ilości Europejczyków zmagających się z problemem ubóstwa o 25 %.Wśród wszystkich województw, mieszkańcy Warmii i Mazur w największym stopniu korzystają z pomocy społecznej oraz ze świadczeń społecznych. Na tle wybranych kategorii takich jak: sieroctwo, bezrobocie, bezdomność czy niepełnosprawność- ubóstwo jest najczęstszą przyczyna korzystania z tego typu usług.

Mimo organizacji wielotorowego wsparcia rodzin ubogich na Warmii i Mazurach występuje ciągła potrzeba pomocy i walki z ubóstwem i zagrożeniem ubóstwa. Ma to związek przede wszystkim z występowaniem dużego odsetka obszarów popegeerowskich, mniejszej liczby miejsc pracy, słabo rozwiniętego przemysłu oraz wysokich kosztów utrzymania.
Okna życia - idea, kontrowersje, doświadczenia
Authors: Krajewska Beata
Published: March 2021

Najważniejsza dla dziecka jest rodzina. Dziecko natomiast staje się najważniejsze i najcenniejsze dla rodziców. To na nich spoczywa odpowiedzialność za jego rozwój, opiekę nad nim, jego wychowanie. Występujące współcześnie problemy i zagrożenia, których doświadcza rodzina rzutują na trudności w realizacji jej funkcji opiekuńczo-wychowawczej. Dobro dzieci i rodzin to przesłanki starań ze strony państwa i innych podmiotów w organizowaniu różnych form wsparcia, do których niewątpliwie należą także okna życia, jako podmioty krótkoterminowej opieki nad dziećmi pozostawianymi tam przez ich rodziców - najczęściej przez matki, w tych dramatycznych sytuacjach, gdy nie mogą lub nie chcą sprawować nad nimi opieki. W niniejszym opracowaniu przybliżona została idea okien życia, najważniejsze kontrowersje związane z ich istnieniem oraz, poprzez wskazanie ich liczby, jak i liczby pozostawionych dzieci, doświadczenie funkcjonowania tych podmiotów w naszym kraju.
Trade liberalization, employment, and gender in Ethiopia
Authors: Giovannetti Giorgia , Sanfilippo Marco , Vivoli Arianna
Published: March 2021

This paper analyses the impact of trade liberalization on local labour markets in Ethiopia, with a focus on the gender dimension of employment. By exploiting rich micro-level data on Ethiopian workers, we evaluate the effect of the Ethiopian trade reforms on the changes and composition of employment, adopting as unit of analysis Ethiopian districts. We find that districts more exposed to trade liberalization experienced reductions in their employment levels, especially in female employment. We also show that reductions in (agricultural) input tariffs triggers a process of sectoral reallocation from agriculture to services and that this process is particularly pronounced for women. This in turns contributes to increase sectoral segregation.
Female labour force participation in sub-Saharan Africa: A cohort analysis
Authors: Backhaus Andreas , Loichinger Elke
Published: March 2021

Female labour force participation rates have stagnated in sub-Saharan Africa since the turn of the millennium. This paper aims to explain this aggregate pattern by decomposing it into the labour supply behaviour of different birth cohorts and age groups.

Using representative and repeated census data from a heterogeneous sample of sub-Saharan African countries, we show that declining female labour supply at early working age is explained by increasing school attendance among young female cohorts.

Taking this heterogeneity into account, we find a positive association between female labour force participation and female educational attainment across the working age. Female education is further positively related to female employment in the non-primary sector.

Early motherhood, in turn, is associated with lower female schooling and a widening gender gap in labour supply. The higher investments in education by younger female cohorts, together with the demographics of sub-Saharan African countries, have implications for a potentially arising ‘demographic dividend’.
Bazı Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Çeşit ve Hatlarında SPAD Metre ve NDVI Ölçümlerinin Kalite Özellikleriyle İlişkilerinin Biplot Analiz Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BAYHAN Merve , ALBAYRAK Önder , ÖZKAN Remzi , AKINCI Cuma , YILDIRIM Mehmet
Published: March 2021

Parçalanan ve azalan tarım alanlarından elde edilen üretimle günümüzde hızla artan nüfusun, yeterli ve dengeli beslenmesi imkânı her geçen gün daha da zorlaşmaktadır. Bu nedenle artan besin ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında değişen ekolojik koşullaraiyi uyum gösteren, morfolojik ve fizyolojik yönden uygun, verim ve kalite özellikleri iyi olan genotiplerin belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Diyarbakır koşullarına uyum sağlamada bazı ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) genotiplerinde fizyolojik özelliklerden NDVI (normalleştirilmiş vejetasyon farklılık indeksi) ve SPAD (klorofil içeriği) ile bazı kalite özellikleri (protein oranı, nişasta oranı, yaş gluten oranı, zeleny sedimantasyon değeri ve hektolitre ağırlığı) incelenmiştir. Çalışma, Diyarbakır’da Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü araştırma ve uygulama alanında 2018-2019 üretim sezonunda yağışa dayalı koşullarda yürütülmüştür. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada materyal olarak bölgede yoğun olarak yetiştirilen 4 adet ticari çeşit (Dinç, Ceyhan 99, Empire ve Pehlivan) ve CIMMYT (Uluslararası Mısır ve Buğday Geliştirme Merkezi)’ten temin edilen 16 adet ileri ekmeklik buğday hatı kullanılmıştır. SPAD ölçümlerinin protein, glüten ve sedimantasyonla ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca SPAD ve NDVI ölçümleri bitkinin farklı gelişim dönemlerinde doğru bir şekilde alındığında ıslah çalışmalarında seleksiyon kriteri olarak ele alınabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Fizyolojik ve kalite özellikleri bakımından DZ20-E6 hatının standart çeşitlere ve diğer hatlara üstünlük sağlamıştır.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING HEATING OF DUAL-DISC STOP BRAKE PARTS OF A LIGHT TRACKED MACHINE WHEN OPERATING ON A DIESEL INERTIA STAND
Authors: Karlov V. I. , Krykhtin Yu. I. , Chervoncev S. E.
Published: March 2021

A method has been developed for determining the heating of parts of a double-disc stopping brake for the gear and turning mechanism of a light transport tracked vehicle with a high specific power (over 30 hp /t) when operating on a diesel inertial stand.
ENSURING HIGH UNIFORM HARDNESS OF CERAMIC-BOND GRINDING WHEELS
Authors: Sazonova A. S. , Tereshina E. A. , Bagaiskov Yu. S.
Published: March 2021

The hardness of the abrasive tool material can be increased as follows: use of fine-grained fillers in abrasive masses in addition to the main fractions. Additional grinding of this bond slightly decreases its grain size, approximately down to 32 - 36 µm, and, above all, ensures higher uniformity. The additional introduction of the borosilicate glass based on fused alumina to the extent up to 15 % of the bond weight is of use. An optimum solution is the simultaneous application of the described ways to increase the hardness.
ASSESSMENT OF THE REGASIFICATION TERMINAL'S PROTECTION RELIABILITY LEVEL
Authors: Drapak K. A. , Kadygrova T. S. , Krylov E. S. , Kapitanov A. V.
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the process units operation features for high risk gas refineries, and provides a methodology for analyzing and controlling the risks of a regasification terminal using the LOPA method. A probability’s assessment of on-demand failures is described with account for the provision of complete security for high-tech automated systems.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD OF DECOMPOSITION OF THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT BY MEANS OF ITS STRUCTURING ON THE BASIS OF THE PHYSICAL PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION MODEL
Authors: Yakovlev A. A. , Grebennikov V. N. , Postupaeva S. G.
Published: March 2021

A method of decomposition of the electrical circuit is considered, which allows to obtain its systemic representation, which simplifies the identification of the principles and features of its functioning. On the example of an electrical circuit of a transistor radio receiver of direct amplification, the process of its structuring is shown according to the physical principle of action laid down in it, which allows its further decomposition. The method allows you to represent an electrical circuit in the form of a four-level model, which makes it possible to work with it for developers of different qualifications.
EVALUACIÓN DOCENTE Y DESEMPEÑO PROFESIONAL: EN JUEGO LA CONDICIÓN AFECTIVA DEL PROFESORADO
Authors: Gallardo Bonilla Mario Alberto , Pacheco Sosa Carolina
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo evoca una de las necesidades del planteamiento de las políticas educativas actuales: la evaluación docente. El generar certeza de los desempeños a través de datos cuantificables. Así pues, se discute, más allá de desarrollar una evaluación objetiva, se plantea la idea de conocer qué tanto influyen los factores afectivos en el rendimiento del profesor. En México se han puesto en marcha diversos instrumentos para una mejora educativa, los cuales parecieran más de corte administrativo que vinculados con el aspecto de capacitación personal. El presente trabajo desarrolla la idea de plantear una postura más humanista sobre los procesos. Se abordan entonces las variables afectivas en el nuevo sistema de evaluación al magisterio. De ahí que se proponga una metodología basada en el Modelo de Diseño Instruccional. Para determinar la relación existente entre los factores afectivos, ya no centrados en el estudiante, sino en el profesor, permiten un mejor desempeño profesional.
Blended learning experience through projects
Authors: Otero-Escobar Alma Delia , Suarez-Jasso Elsa , Ramirez-Sánchez Jesús , Mendez-Anota Mayra Minerva
Published: March 2021

This research applies the method of blended learning with project-based learning as a teaching strategy. The main objective was to identify the didactic contribution of the blended learning method through the solution of problems in a university context as mechanism to support the development of student competencies. The achievement of these competences was evaluated through face-to-face sessions and online interactions which sought to grant technological solutions to real organizations. Thus, through the Canvas model, the student carried out the creation of a business in a collaborative, distributed and integral manner as part of the educational experience called Technological Solutions applicable to organizations, taught at the Universidad Veracruzana in Mexico. The research question is: What is the didactic contribution of the blended learning method through problem solving in a university context? As a result of this mixed study, the contribution of the teacher is determined by coordinating, organizing, investigating and preparing the appropriate educational materials and technological resources for maximum use in student learning. A primary role of the teacher was to motivate the student to make a final product that can connect their educational activities with real-life situations.