bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGETAHUAN SANRO DAN PEPAYA
Authors: Iswanto Iswanto , Hasniah Hasniah
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengemukakan pengetahuan dukun mengenai tumbuhan papaya yang mempunyai khasiat sebagai obat tradisional dan jenis penyakit yang bisa diobati dengan penggunaan tumbuhan papaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada januari 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Kognitif oleh Goodenough dan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode Etnografi dengan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tehnik pengamatan (observation) dan wawancara mendalam (indepth interview). Data yang didapatkan dilapangan kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif, analisis data kemudian dilakukan untuk menyederhanakan data yang didapatkan dalam bentuk yang lebih m,udah dibaca dan diinterprestasikan menjadi sebuah hasil. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan dukun akan pengobatan tradisionl didapat secara turun temurun dari generasi kegenerasi, pengobatan yang dilakukan berdasarkan berdasarkan atas pengalaman, keyakinan dan proses belajar sehingga mampu untuk mempraktekan kepasien yang mengalami sakit akibat gangguan roh halus, [enggunaan media seperti air putih, tumbuhan dan doa, adalah cara yang digunakan dukun dalam mengobati. Penegtahuan yang dimiliki dukun tentang tumbuhan papaya terletak pada bagian-bagiannya, yang bermanfaat sebagai obat tradisional yang dapat digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit. Bagian dari tumbuhaan papaya memiliki manfaat sebagai obat, karena tumbuhan ini terkenal sebagai sumber yang memiliki khasiat mengobati lebih dari satu penyakit. Penyakit seperti malaria, tekanan darah tinggi, gatal, bisul, cacingan, kulit pecah dan luka bakar dapat diobati dengan cara yang b enar pada masyarakat Kelurahan Mata Kecamatan Kendari Kota Kendari.
KEBERTAHANAN BUDAYA PANDAI BESI SEBAGAI INDUSTRI TRADISIONAL DI DESA WALELEI KECAMATAN BARANGKA
Authors: Aynun Nur , Hasniah Hasniah
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan upaya masyarakat Desa Walelei dalam mempertahankan eksistensi pandai besi dan Untuk mengetahui kebertahanan budaya tradisional pandai besi. Teori yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Materialisme Marvin Harris, Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode etnografi berupa deskripsi mendalam, menggunakan observasi partisipatif (participation observation) dan wawancara mendalam (indepthinterview). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa masyarakat Desa walelei dalam mempertahankan budaya pandai besi. Upaya masayarakat Desa Walelei dalam mempertahankan eksistensi pandai besi yakni mengajarkan anak-anak sejak dini tentang pembuatan pandai besi. Mempertahankan budaya tradisional pandai besi dari Orang Tua terdahulu. Pandai besi yang terdapat di Desa Walelei Kecamatan Barangka Kabupaten Muna Barat merupakan salah satu mata pencaharian di karenakan kurangnya lapangan pekerjaan.
MAHASISWA DRIVER OJEK ONLINE (GRAB) UNIVERSITAS HALU OLEO
Authors: Trialmawati Ersa , Hartini Hartini
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengapa mahasiswa memilih bekerja sebagai driver grabbike dan mengetahui hambatan yang dihadapi mahasiswa selama menjadi driver grabbike. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Fenomenologis oleh Berger dan Luckmann, dengan metode snowball sampling dan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah teknik lapangan (field research) wawancara mendalam (indepth interview), dan Pengamatan biasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, mahasiswa memilih menjadi driver grabbike karena melihat adanya peluang penghasilan yang cukup bagus dan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pribadi mereka sehingga tidak memberatkan orang tua. Tidak memiliki persyaratan yang rumit dan juga sistem kerja yang fleksibel sehingga pekerjaan tersebut bisa dilakukan kapanpun dan dimanapun, kemudian hambatan yang dihadapi mahasiswa selama menjadi driver grabbike adalah susah membagi waktu antara belajar dan bekerja, adanya kecemburuan sosial terhadap sesama tukang ojek, mendapatkan orderan yang fiktif, pelanggan yang memasang titik penjemputan tidak sesuai lokasi, dan sepeda motor yang digunakan untuk bekerja terkadang mengalami masalah ataupun kerusakan.
STRATEGI SOSIAL EKONOMI JANDA CERAI MATI SEBAGAI ORANG TUA TUNGGAL DI DESA OELONGKO, KECAMATAN BONE, KABUPATEN MUNA
Authors: Suci Indah Suci Indah , Alim Abdul
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi sosial ekonomi para janda cerai mati dan bagaimana strategi janda cerai mati mengatasi masalah sosial dan meningkatkan kondisi ekonomi keluarga di Desa Oelongko, Kecamatan Bone, Kabupaten Muna. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Model of Model for dari Clifford Geertz. Dengan teknik purposive sampling, yaitu dengan menentukan individu yang dianggap dapat memberikan informan sesuai dengan kriteria-kriteria yang releven dengan objek penelitian yang jelas tentang strategi sosial ekonomi janda cerai mati sebagai orang tua tunggal. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik penelitin lapangan (field work) dengan menggunakan dua metode yaitu pengamatan terlibat (parcitipation observation) dan wawancara mendalam (indepth interview). Peneltian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dan menggunakan metode penelitian etnografi.Hasil penelitian ini adalah dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi sosial ekonmi janda cerai mati dapat dilihat dari beberapa aspek, yaitu aspek ekonmi, aspek pendidikan, aspek konsumsi dan aspek kesehatan. Sedangkan strategi janda cerai mati dalam memenuhi nafkah keluarga di Desa Oelongko Kecamatan Bone Kabupaten Muna, selain sebagai seorang ibu yang mendidik anak dan mengurus masalah yang ada di dalam rumah tangga yang juga berperan untuk mencari nafkah diantaranya bekerja sebagai pedagang atau berwarung dan sebagai seorang petani serta memiliki pekerjaan sampingan seperti asiten rumah tangga dan buruh tani dalam hal ini seorang janda cerai mati bekerja untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga.
The Use of Digitization in Small and Medium-Sized Agricultural Enterprises: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Authors: Valentová Martina , Dvořáková Lilia
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the results of the research focused on the issues of digitization of agriculture in the context of current global developments and on the need to increase the amount of food produced in order to feed the continuously growing world population. The paper aims to analyze the use of the selected digitization tools in the crop production in the Czech Republic by small and medium-sized enterprises and to evaluate that from the economic point of view. To achieve the objectives, the desk research, the analysis and evaluation of secondary sources, and the method of directed interviews with managers and employees of the selected business entity were used. The research results evidence the positives and negatives of the use of the selected digitization tools within the crop primary production and represent the basis for further research aimed at the development of economic and financial management of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises in the context of Agriculture 4.0 concept.
Kuntai Capsule Combined With Letrozole on Gonadal Hormone Levels and Ovarian Function in Patients With PCOS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tang Xing , Huang Qinwan , Wang Chengcheng , Zhang Da , Dong Shoujin , Yu Congcong
Published: December 2021

Background

The efficacy of Kuntai capsule combined with letrozole (LE) in improving ovarian function of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been evaluated before, but there is still a lack of evidence-based support for the regulation of sex hormone levels. In recent years, new randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have been reported on the effect of combined therapy on regulating sex hormone levels.

Objective

We aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of Kuntai capsule combined with LE in the treatment of PCOS.

Methods

A search across the China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang database, PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and Embase was conducted on Kuntai capsule combined with LE in the treatment of PCOS. The time of the self-built database was up to April 30, 2021. RCTs of LE in the control group and LE combined with Kuntai capsule in the experimental group were selected. RevMan5.3 software was used for data analysis.

Results

A total of 17 studies were gathered, which included 1,684 patients. The meta-analysis results showed that the total effective rate of the combined group was 93.36% and that of the LE group was 78.15%. The improvement in the ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, number of mature follicles, endometrial thickness, cervical mucus score, and serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL) in the combined group was consistent with the results of a previous meta-analysis and was better than that in the LE group (p < 0.05). In addition, the combination group was better than the LE group in regulating the levels of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) (p < 0.05). There were no adverse drug reactions in the two groups during treatment.

Conclusion

As a type of pure traditional Chinese medicine preparation, Kuntai capsule combined with LE had a better effect than LE alone in the treatment of PCOS, with advantages mainly reflected in enhancing ovarian function and regulating the levels of sex hormones in vivo, among others, but the value of combined therapy still needs to be verified by more high-quality RCTs.
A Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling of Anterior Kidney Leukocytes From Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Wu Liting , Gao Along , Li Lan , Chen Jianlin , Li Jun , Ye Jianmin
Published: December 2021

Teleost fish anterior kidney (AK) is an important hematopoietic organ with multifarious immune cells, which have immune functions comparable to mammalian bone marrow. Myeloid and lymphoid cells locate in the AK, but the lack of useful specific gene markers and antibody-based reagents for the cell subsets makes the identification of the different cell types difficult. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing enables single-cell capture and individual library construction, making the study on the immune cell heterogeneity of teleost fish AK possible. In this study, we examined the transcriptional patterns of 11,388 AK leukocytes using 10× Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). A total of 22 clusters corresponding to five distinct immune cell subsets were identified, which included B cells, T cells, granulocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). However, the subsets of myeloid cells (granulocytes, macrophages, and DCs) were not identified in more detail according to the known specific markers, even though significant differences existed among the clusters. Thereafter, we highlighted the B-cell subsets and identified them as pro/pre B cells, immature/mature B cells, activated B/plasmablasts, or plasma cells based on the different expressions of the transcription factors (TFs) and cytokines. Clustering of the differentially modulated genes by pseudo-temporal trajectory analysis of the B-cell subsets showed the distinct kinetics of the responses of TFs to cell conversion. Moreover, we classified the T cells and discovered that CD3+CD4−CD8−, CD3+CD4+CD8+, CD4+CD8−, and CD4−CD8+ T cells existed in AK, but neither CD4+CD8− nor CD4−CD8+ T cells can be further classified into subsets based on the known TFs and cytokines. Pseudotemporal analysis demonstrated that CD4+CD8− and CD4−CD8+ T cells belonged to different states with various TFs that might control their differentiation. The data obtained above provide a valuable and detailed resource for uncovering the leukocyte subsets in Nile tilapia AK, as well as more potential markers for identifying the myeloid and lymphoid cell types.
Early Influences of Microbiota on White Matter Development in Germ-Free Piglets
Authors: Ahmed Sadia , Travis Sierrah D. , Díaz-Bahamonde Francisca V. , Porter Demisha D. L. , Henry Sara N. , Mykins Julia , Ravipati Aditya , Booker Aryn , Ju Jing , Ding Hanzhang , Ramesh Ashwin K. , Pickrell Alicia M. , Wang Maosen , LaConte Stephen , Howell Brittany R. , Yuan Lijuan , Morton Paul D.
Published: December 2021

Abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as the underlying white matter (WM) tracts, lie at the intersection of many neurodevelopmental disorders. The influence of microorganisms on brain development has recently been brought into the clinical and research spotlight as alterations in commensal microbiota are implicated in such disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety via the gut-brain axis. In addition, gut dysbiosis is common in preterm birth patients who often display diffuse WM injury and delayed WM maturation in critical tracts including those within the PFC and corpus callosum. Microbial colonization of the gut aligns with ongoing postnatal processes of oligodendrogenesis and the peak of brain myelination in humans; however, the influence of microbiota on gyral WM development remains elusive. Here, we develop and validate a neonatal germ-free swine model to address these issues, as piglets share key similarities in WM volume, developmental trajectories, and distribution to humans. We find significant region-specific reductions, and sexually dimorphic trends, in WM volume, oligodendrogenesis, and mature oligodendrocyte numbers in germ-free piglets during a key postnatal epoch of myelination. Our findings indicate that microbiota plays a critical role in promoting WM development during early life when the brain is vulnerable to environmental insults that can result in an array of disabilities manifesting later in life.
Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharide on the Gut Microbiota of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in Clinical Remission
Authors: Li Zongwei , Li Zhengpeng , Zhu Liying , Dai Ning , Sun Gang , Peng Lihua , Wang Xin , Yang Yunsheng
Published: December 2021

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Prebiotic therapy is a potential approach for UC management especially remission maintaining. Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) is an efficient prebiotic with proven health benefits and few side effects. However, the effects of XOS on the gut microbiota of patients with UC have not been investigated previously. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prebiotic effects of XOS on the fecal microbiota of patients with UC in clinical remission using an in vitro fermentation model. Five patients with UC in clinical remission and five healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Fresh fecal samples of UC patients were diluted and inoculated in yeast extract, casitone and fatty acid (YCFA) medium alone or with XOS. After fermentation for 48 h, samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing to investigate the gut microbiota composition. Differences in the gut microbiota between healthy volunteers and UC patients in clinical remission were detected using original fecal samples. Subsequently, the differences between the YCFA medium alone or with XOS samples were analyzed to illustrate the effects of XOS on the gut microbiota of UC patients. In both principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and principal component analysis (PCA), the fecal samples of UC patients differed from those of healthy volunteers. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that the relative abundances of g_Roseburia and g_Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group were higher in healthy volunteers than in UC patients, while o_Lactobacillales abundance showed the opposite trend (P < 0.05). Wilcoxon rank-sum test bar plot showed that the abundances of g_Eubacterium_halli_group and g_Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group were higher in the healthy volunteers than in the UC patients (P < 0.05). In addition, in UC patients, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that XOS fermentation promoted the growth of bacterial groups including g_Roseburia, g_Bifidobacterium, and g_Lactobacillus, which is beneficial for recovery of intestinal diseases. These results suggest that XOS can relieve dysbiosis in the feces of UC patients in clinical remission and thus represent a potential prebiotic material for maintaining remission.
Utilization of a Sugarcane100K Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Microarray-Derived High-Density Genetic Map in Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping and Function Role Prediction of Genes Related to Chlorophyll Content in Sugarcane
Authors: Lu Guilong , Pan Yong-Bao , Wang Zhoutao , Xu Fu , Cheng Wei , Huang Xinge , Ren Hui , Pang Chao , Que Youxiong , Xu Liping
Published: December 2021

Chlorophyll is the most important pigment for plant photosynthesis that plays an important role in crop growth and production. In this study, the chlorophyll content trait was explored to improve sugarcane yield. Two hundred and eighty-five F1 progenies from the cross YT93-159 × ROC22 with significantly different chlorophyll contents were included as test materials. The chlorophyll content of the +1 leaves during elongation phase was measured using a SPAD-502 meter through a three-crop cycle (plant cane, first ratoon, and second ratoon). Linkage analysis was conducted on a high-density genetic map constructed based on the sugarcane 100K SNP chip. In addition, Fv/Fm, plant height, stalk diameter, brix data were collected on plant cane during the elongation and maturation phases. The results showed that the +1 leaf SPAD values, which can be used as an important reference to evaluate the growth potential of sugarcane, were significantly and positively correlated with the Fv/Fm during elongation phase, as well as with plant height, stalk diameter, and brix during maturity phase (P < 0.01). The broad sense heritability (H2) of the chlorophyll content trait was 0.66 for plant cane crop, 0.67 for first ratoon crop, and 0.73 for second ratoon crop, respectively, indicating that this trait was mainly controlled by genetic factors. Thirty-one quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected by QTL mapping. Among them, a major QTL, qCC-R1, could account for 12.95% of phenotypic variation explained (PVE), and the other 30 minor QTLs explained 2.37–7.99% PVE. Twenty candidate genes related to chlorophyll content were identified in the QTLs plus a 200-Kb extension region within either sides, of which four were homologous genes involved in the chlorophyll synthesis process and the remaining 16 played a certain role in chlorophyll catabolic pathway, chloroplast organization, or photosynthesis. These results provide a theoretical reference for analyzing the genetic mechanism of chlorophyll synthesis and subsequent improvement of photosynthetic characteristics in sugarcane.
How Job Creativity Requirements Affects Employee Creativity: Evidence From a Across-Level Analysis
Authors: Ma Yingshuang , Zhang Haomin , Dai Yi
Published: December 2021

The present study adopted the Pygmalion perspective and a multilevel theoretical framework to investigate whether creative process engagement mediates the linkage of job creativity requirement with employee creativity. We examined whether team knowledge sharing moderates the aforementioned relationship. We obtained data from 71 supervisors and their 453 employees from three companies in China and applied Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) version 6.08 to test the cross-level hypotheses. The results revealed that creative process engagement mediates the positive linkage of job creativity requirement with employee creativity. In addition, we observed that team knowledge sharing moderates the relationship among job creativity requirement, employee creativity, and creative process engagement. The practical and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
The Positive Impact of Having Served as a Danwei Leader on Post-retirement Life Satisfaction: Experiences in China
Authors: He Li , Wang Kun , Li Tianyang , Wang Jiangyin , Wang Yuting , Zhang Zixian , Wu Yuanyang , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Siqing , Yang Hualei
Published: December 2021

Relevance deprivation syndrome refers to feelings of incompetence among retired people caused by them leaving their high status or influential jobs. The question then arises: do people in positions of power, like Danwei leaders in China, have a lower life satisfaction post-retirement compared to other groups? This study investigated the influence of serving as a Danwei leader before retirement on retirees’ life satisfaction, as well as differences in this influence and the channels through which they are affected. Based on the data of 5,873 respondents of the 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, ordinary least-squares, ordered logistic regression, and propensity score matching models were used to investigate the influence, differences, and influential mechanisms of serving as a Danwei leader before retirement on retirees’ life satisfaction. We found that Danwei leaders experience a significantly positive impact on their life satisfaction post-retirement. Second, the positive impact of having served in this role on peoples’ post-retirement life satisfaction is related to the resulting higher income, social status, and better living habits. In contrast to the perspective of relevance deprivation syndrome, in China, having been a Danwei leader before retirement has a significantly positive impact on peoples’ life satisfaction post-retirement, with there being a significant difference observed among different types of retired Danwei leaders.
Emotional Peer Support Interventions for Students With SEND: A Systematic Review
Authors: van der Meulen Kevin , Granizo Laura , del Barrio Cristina
Published: December 2021

Emotional peer support systems have benefits for student-student relationships and allow for children and adolescents' participation in schools. For students with specific educational needs and disabilities (SEND), positive relationships seem to be more difficult to attain and these students are more vulnerable to suffer negative peer experiences such as bullying and social exclusion. Systems in which peers can show helpful behavior are beneficial for schools in order to create a positive, supportive climate. Emotional peer support entails social interaction through emotional or practical help based on what these peers have in common and many times with benefits for both. This systematic review identified interventions of emotional peer support in schools for students with SEND. Twenty-three studies were identified that involved four types of befriending: circle of friends, peer buddying, peer networks, and social lunch clubs. Studies reported mainly positive outcomes for both focus students and peer supporters in terms of increased social interaction and social acceptance, as well as enhanced self-esteem and empathy on the individual level. Further bonding of the students by friendship was also perceived, but more precise data is required to draw further conclusions. Support by the school as an institution, the specific role of the teacher, and family participation are important factors related to the impact of peer support systems. Information on these aspects was scarce, and it is recommended to include variables of this nature in future research. Intervention descriptions revealed students' active participation through suggestions for activities, however their involvement in organizing the systems was limited. More research is needed to learn about the opportunities of emotional peer support to improve student-student relationships including the active involvement of the peers themselves in this support.
A Heuristic Methods-Based Power Distribution System Optimization Toolbox
Authors: Özlü İsmail Alperen , Baimakhanov Olzhas , Saukhimov Almaz , Ceylan Oğuzhan
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes a toolbox for simulating the effective integration of renewable energy sources into distribution systems. The toolbox uses four heuristic methods: the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, and three recently developed methods, namely Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO), Ant Lion Optimization (ALO), and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), for the efficient operation of power distribution systems. The toolbox consists of two main functionalities. The first one allows the user to select the test system to be solved (33-, 69-, or 141-bus test systems), the locations of the distributed generators (DGs), and the voltage regulators. In addition, the user selects the daily active power output profiles of the DGs, and the tool solves the voltage deviation problem for the specified time of day. The second functionality involves the simulation of energy storage systems and provides the optimal daily power output of the resources. With this program, a graphical user interface (GUI) allows users to select the test system, the optimization method to be used, the number of DGs and locations, the locations and number of battery energy storage systems (BESSs), and the tap changer locations. With the simple user interface, the user can manage the distribution system simulation and see the results by making appropriate changes to the test systems.
Multi-UAV Optimal Mission Assignment and Path Planning for Disaster Rescue Using Adaptive Genetic Algorithm and Improved Artificial Bee Colony Method
Authors: Liu Haoting , Ge Jianyue , Wang Yuan , Li Jiacheng , Ding Kai , Zhang Zhiqiang , Guo Zhenhui , Li Wei , Lan Jinhui
Published: December 2021

An optimal mission assignment and path planning method of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for disaster rescue is proposed. In this application, the UAVs include the drug delivery UAV, image collection UAV, and communication relay UAV. When implementing the modeling and simulation, first, three threat sources are built: the weather threat source, transmission tower threat source, and upland threat source. Second, a cost-revenue function is constructed. The flight distance, oil consumption, function descriptions of UAV, and threat source factors above are considered. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is utilized to estimate the weights of cost-revenue function. Third, an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is designed to solve the mission allocation task. A fitness function which considers the current and maximum iteration numbers is proposed to improve the AGA convergence performance. Finally, an optimal path plan between the neighboring mission points is computed by an improved artificial bee colony (IABC) method. A balanced searching strategy is developed to modify the IABC computational effect. Extensive simulation experiments have shown the effectiveness of our method.
Aerodynamic Design and Strength Analysis of the Wing for the Purpose of Assessing the Influence of the Bell-Shaped Lift Distribution
Authors: Hospodář Pavel , Drábek Armand , Prachař Aleš
Published: December 2021

This article deals with aerodynamic and structural calculations of several wing designs to compare the influence of the shape on the lift distribution. Various shapes of wings for the required lift and bending moment were optimized to minimize drag and thereby reduce fuel consumption. One example was a wing with a bell-shaped lift distribution, which was proposed by Ludwig Prandtl and has been forgotten over the years. The first part of the paper focuses on minimization of the wing drag coefficient by a low fidelity method and the results are compared with the CFD calculation with good agreement. In the structural part of the analysis, the inner layout of the studied wings was designed. The structural design, containing elementary wing components and optimization loop, was carried out to minimize weight with respect to panel buckling. From these calculations the weights of wings were obtained and compared. In the last part of this study, an analysis of flight performance of an airplane with presented wings was performed for a selected flight mission. Results indicated that, for the free optimized wing, the fuel saving was about six percent.
Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) and UV-C Irradiation on Postharvest Quality of Red Raspberries
Authors: Gimeno David , Gonzalez-Buesa Jaime , Oria Rosa , Venturini Maria Eugenia , Arias Esther
Published: December 2021

Red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) are highly appreciated by consumers. However, their postharvest shelf life scarcely exceeds 5 d under the refrigeration temperatures usually applied during commercialization, due to their high susceptibility to dehydration, softening and rot incidence. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the ability of UV-C radiation (UV1: 2 kJ m−2 and UV2: 4 kJ m−2), passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with transmission rates (TR) for O2 and CO2 of 1805 mL d−1 and 1570 mL d−1 (MAP1), and 902 mL d−1 and 785 mL d−1 (MAP2), respectively, and the combination of both technologies to prolong raspberries’ shelf life at 6 °C. Their influence on respiration, physicochemical parameters, and microbiological and nutritional quality was assessed during 12 d of storage. The combination of 4 kJ m−2 UV-C radiation and a packaging film with O2 and CO2 transmission rates of 902 mL d−1 and 785 mL d−1, respectively, produced a synergistic effect against rot development, delaying senescence of the fruit. The UV2MAP2 and MAP2 samples only showed 1.66% rot incidence after 8 d of storage. The UV2MAP2 samples also had higher bioactive content (1.76 g kg−1 of gallic acid equivalents (GAE), 1.08 g kg−1 of catechin equivalents (CE) and 0.32 g kg−1 of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside equivalents (CGE)) than the control samples at the end of their shelf life. Moreover, the mass loss was minimal (0.56%), and fruit color and firmness were maintained during shelf life. However, the rest of the batches were not suitable for commercialization after 4 d due to excessive mold development.
Relating Profile Wall Root-Length Density Estimates to Monolith Root-Length Density Measurements of Cover Crops
Authors: Bublitz Tábata Aline , Kemper Roman , Müller Phillip , Kautz Timo , Döring Thomas F. , Athmann Miriam
Published: December 2021

Different methods have been proposed for in situ root-length density (RLD) measurement. One widely employed is the time-consuming sampling of soil cores or monoliths (MO). The profile wall (PW) method is a less precise, but faster and less laborious alternative. However, depth-differentiated functions to convert PW RLD estimates to MO RLD measurements have not yet been reported. In this study, we perform a regression analysis to relate PW results to MO results and determine whether calibration is possible for distinct crop groups (grasses, brassicas and legumes) consisting of pure and mixed stands, and whether soil depth affects this calibration. The methods were applied over two years to all crop groups and their absolute and cumulative RLD were compared using a linear (LR) and multiple linear (MLR) regression. PW RLD was found to highly underestimate MO RLD in absolute values and in highly rooted areas. However, a close agreement between both methods was found for cumulative root-length (RL) when applying MLR, highlighting the influence of soil depth. The level of agreement between methods varied strongly with depth. Therefore, the application of PW as the main RLD estimation method can provide reliable estimates of cumulative root distribution traits of cover crops.
Biofortification of Diverse Basmati Rice Cultivars with Iodine, Selenium, and Zinc by Individual and Cocktail Spray of Micronutrients
Authors: Naeem Asif , Aslam Muhammad , Ahmad Mumtaz , Asif Muhammad , Yazici Mustafa Atilla , Cakmak Ismail , Rashid Abdul
Published: December 2021

Given that an effective combined foliar application of iodine (I), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) would be farmer friendly, compared to a separate spray of each micronutrient, for the simultaneous biofortification of grain crops, we compared effectiveness of foliar-applied potassium iodate (KIO3, 0.05%), sodium selenate (Na2SeO4, 0.0024%), and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4∙7H2O, 0.5%), separately and in their combination (as cocktail) for the micronutrient biofortification of four Basmati cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Foliar-applied, each micronutrient or their cocktail did not affect rice grain yield, but grain yield varied significantly among rice cultivars. Irrespective of foliar treatments, the brown rice of cv. Super Basmati and cv. Kisan Basmati had substantially higher concentration of micronutrients than cv. Basmati-515 and cv. Chenab Basmati. With foliar-applied KIO3, alone or in cocktail, the I concentration in brown rice increased from 12 to 186 µg kg−1. The average I concentration in brown rice with foliar-applied KIO3 or cocktail was 126 μg kg−1 in cv. Basmati-515, 160 μg kg−1 in cv. Chenab Basmati, 153 μg kg−1 in cv. Kisan Basmati, and 306 μg kg−1 in cv. Super Basmati. Selenium concentration in brown rice increased from 54 to 760 µg kg−1, with foliar-applied Na2SeO4 individually and in cocktail, respectively. The inherent Zn concentration in rice cultivars ranged between 14 and 19 mg kg−1 and increased by 5–6 mg Zn per kg grains by foliar application of ZnSO4∙7H2O and cocktail. The results also showed the existence of genotypic variation in response to foliar spray of micronutrients and demonstrated that a foliar-applied cocktail of I, Se, and Zn could be an effective strategy for the simultaneous biofortification of rice grains with these micronutrients to address the hidden hunger problem in human populations.
Is It Possible to Control the Nutrient Regime of Soils with Different Texture through Biochar Substrates?
Authors: Šimanský Vladimír , Aydın Elena , Horák Ján
Published: December 2021

Understanding nutrient management is essential to ensure healthy and adequate food production, especially in the context of biochar applied to soil with different soil textures. Additionally, farmers are beginning to understand the importance of nutrient management and there are still several knowledge gaps in this area. Several studies on biochar showed its positive effects, especially in sandy and nutrient-poor soils. There is still a lack of information on the impact of biochar on nutrient regimes in texturally different soils with sufficient nutrient supply and favorable soil chemistry. This study investigates the effect of two biochar substrates (a) biochar blended with farmyard manure (BS1), and (b) biochar blended with farmyard manure and digestate (BS2) applied at rates of 10 and 20 t ha−1 alone or in combination with fertilization on the changes in sorption capacity and nutrient regime of two texturally different soils: (a) sandy Arenosol, and (b) loamy Chernozem, (both in western Slovakia) which have a favorable nutrient content. The results showed that in sandy soil, the BS2 at rate of 20 t ha−1 increased the sum of basic cations (by +112%) and CEC (by +93%) compared to the control. In sandy soil, the content of total P increased by +35 and +16% in BS1 20 t ha–1 and BS2 20 t ha−1, respectively, when compared to the unfertilized control. The content of total P increased by +18% in BS1 20 t ha−1 after fertilization compared to the fertilized control. In loamy soil, the content of total P increased significantly by +53 and +14% in unfertilized treatment BS2 20 t ha−1 and fertilized treatment with BS1 at 20 t ha−1 compared to the respective controls. Available Ca increased in sandy soil by +50 and +53% in fertilized treatments with BS2 at 20 t ha−1 and BS1 at 20 t ha−1, respectively, when compared to fertilized control. In loamy soil, available Mg increased by +13% in fertilized treatment with BS1 applied at 20 t ha−1. In conclusion, BS application at a dose of 20 t ha−1 had a stronger positive effect on soil sorption parameters in sandy soil than the application dose of 10 t ha−1. The same BS application rate significantly increased total P in both soils.
Exploring the Bush yam (Dioscorea praehensilis Benth) as a Source of Agronomic and Quality Trait Genes in White Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) Breeding
Authors: Adewumi Adeyinka S. , Agre Paterne A. , Asare Paul A. , Adu Michael O. , Taah Kingsley J. , Mondo Jean M. , Akaba Selorm
Published: December 2021

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is an important food security crop in the tropics and subtropics. However, it is characterized by a narrow genetic base within cultivated and breeding lines for tuber yield, disease resistance, and postharvest traits, which hinders the yam breeding progress. Identification of new sources of desirable genes for these traits from primary and secondary gene pools is essential for this crop improvement. This study aimed at identifying potential sources of genes for yield and quality traits in a panel of 162 accessions of D. praehensilis, a semi-domesticated yam species, for improving the major yam species, D. rotundata. Significant differences were observed for assessed traits (p < 0.05), with D. praehensilis genotypes out-performing the best D. rotundata landraces for tuber yield (23.47 t ha−1), yam mosaic virus (YMV) resistance (AUDPC = 147.45), plant vigour (2.43) and tuber size (2.73). The study revealed significant genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variance for tuber yield, YMV severity score, and tuber flesh oxidation. We had also a medium-to-high broad-sense heritability (H2b) for most of the traits except for the dry matter content and tuber flesh oxidation. This study identified some promising D. praehensilis genotypes for traits such as high yield potential (WNDpr76, CDpr28, CDPr7, EDpr14, and WNDpr63), resistance to YMV (WNDpr76, CDpr7, EDpr14, CDpr28, and EDpr13), high dry matter content (WNDpr76, CDpr28, and WNDpr24), low tuber flesh oxidation (WNDpr76, CDpr5, WNDpr31, CDpr40, and WNDpr94) and high number of tubers per plant (WNDpr76, CDpr7, CDpr68, CDpr29, and CDpr58). These genotypes could, therefore, be employed in breeding programmes to improve the white Guinea yam by broadening its genetic base.
Screening of Soybean Genotypes Based on Root Morphology and Shoot Traits Using the Semi-Hydroponic Phenotyping Platform and Rhizobox Technique
Authors: Salim Mohammad , Chen Yinglong , Ye Heng , Nguyen Henry T. , Solaiman Zakaria M. , Siddique Kadambot H. M.
Published: December 2021

Root-system architecture is vital for improving soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and nutrient uptake. We characterised root-system architecture and shoot traits of 30 soybean genotypes in a semi-hydroponic system 35 days after sowing (DAS) and validated eight genotypes with contrasting root-system architecture in 1.5 m-deep rhizoboxes at the flowering stage. Among them, two genotypes were selected for evaluation through to maturity. Abundant variation (coefficient of variation values ≥ 0.25) was observed in 11 of 13 measured roots and shoot traits during the early growth stage. After late growth stages, strong positive correlations were found between root traits and shoot traits, except for specific root length and diameter. Seed yield and yield traits at final harvest significantly differed between two contrasting soybean genotypes. The large-rooted genotype had a higher harvest index than the small-rooted genotype. Soybean genotypes with larger root systems had a long time to flowering than those with smaller root systems. Genotypes with large-root systems had 106% more leaf area, and 245% more shoot dry weight than those with small systems, presumably due to high canopy photosynthesis to supply the demand for carbon assimilates to roots. Total root length, and root: shoot ratio-traits data collected in the rhizobox study, strongly correlated with the same traits in the semi-hydroponic phenotyping system. We found genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in other root and shoot traits such as taproot depth, root dry weight, specific root length, and average root diameter among the tested genotypes. Phenology, particularly time to flowering, was associated with root system size. Some root and shoot traits in the semi-hydroponic phenotyping system at the seedling stage produced similar rankings at the later phenological (flowering) stage when grown in the soil-filled rhizoboxes. The soybean genotypes characterised by vastly different root traits could be used for further glasshouse and field studies to improve adaptation to drought and other specific environments.
Sustainability of the Soil Resource in Intensive Production with Organic Contributions
Authors: Gaytán Martínez Francia Deyanira , Gutiérrez Castorena Edgar Vladimir , Encinia Uribe Vicente Vidal , Vázquez Alvarado Rigoberto Eustacio , Olivares Sáenz Emilio , Gutiérrez Castorena Ma. del Carmen
Published: December 2021

Organic agriculture is considered an alternative to sustainably preserve soil fertility. For 10 years, ongoing management with organic contributions was carried out in calcareous soil to support or increase fertility by applying 4 t ha−1 of solid poultry manure to produce organic Nopal Verdura (Opuntia Ficus-Indica). In addition, during the 2018 cycle, corn was established as an alternative to diversify agricultural production; the crop was monitored by measuring agronomic variables and the normalized differential vegetation index to evaluate the development of different doses of organic inputs with poultry manure, foliar applications with biofertilizers, or in the irrigation system. The soil physical and chemical analysis was carried out from 2015 to 2020 to monitor nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and organic matter before planting and after harvest. The results indicated an increase in nitrogen (>50%), calcium (>130%), and magnesium (>20%), while there was a decrease in phosphorus (50%), potassium (60%), and organic matter (18%). The agronomic management caused an increment of EC in the horizon Ap until 12.93 dS m−1 at the end of each cycle due to the high ambient temperatures recorded and the inadequate irrigation water quality. We did not find significant differences (p > 0.05) in agronomic variables of corn with diverse contributions to organic. However, we obtained a maximum corn yield of 3.9 t ha−1 and nopal production of 143 t ha−1, despite problems of salinity in the horizons Ap during the agricultural cycle. Overall, processed poultry manure is a sustainable source of macroelements for the production of organic crops in calcisols; however, it is necessary to focus on and counteract potassium depletion and the increase in EC through appropriate agronomic management, with organic contributions, both solid and liquid, to increase or sustain production.
Improving Gander Reproductive Efficacy in the Context of Globally Sustainable Goose Production
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Faheem , Shafiq Muhammad , Ali Ilyas
Published: December 2021

The goose is a popular poultry species, and in the past two decades the goose industry has become highly profitable across the globe. Ganders low reproductive performance remains a barrier to achieving high fertility and hatchability in subsequent flocks. To address the global demand for cheaper animal protein, various methodologies for improving avian (re)production should be explored. A large amount of literature is available on reproduction traits and techniques for commercial chicken breeder flocks, while research on improved reproduction in ganders has been carried out to a lesser extent. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive literature overview focusing on recent advancements/techniques used in improving gander reproductive efficacy in the context of ensuring a globally sustainable goose industry.
The Effect of Rumination Time on Milk Performance and Methane Emission of Dairy Cows Fed Partial Mixed Ration Based on Maize Silage
Authors: Mikuła Robert , Pszczola Marcin , Rzewuska Katarzyna , Mucha Sebastian , Nowak Włodzimierz , Strabel Tomasz
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the rumination time on milk yield and composition as well as methane emission during lactation in high-yielding dairy cows fed a partial mixed ration based on maize silage without pasture access. A total of 365 high-yielding Polish Holstein-Friesian multiparous dairy cows were included in the study covering 24 to 304 days of lactation. Methane emission, rumination time, and milk production traits were observed for the period of 12 months. Next, the data from the cows were assigned to three groups based on daily rumination time: low rumination up to 412 min/day (up to 25th rumination percentile), medium rumination from 412 to 527 min/day (between the 25th and 75th percentile), and high rumination above 527 min/day (from the 75th percentile). Rumination time had no effect on milk yield, energy-corrected milk yield, or fat and protein-corrected milk yield. High rumination time had an effect on lower fat concentration in milk compared with the medium and low rumination groups. The highest daily CH4 production was noted in low rumination cows, which emitted 1.8% more CH4 than medium rumination cows and 4.2% more than high rumination cows. Rumination time affected daily methane production per kg of milk. Cows from the high rumination group produced 2.9% less CH4 per milk unit compared to medium rumination cows and 4.6% in comparison to low rumination cows. Similar observations were noted for daily CH4 production per ECM unit. In conclusion, a longer rumination time is connected with lower methane emission as well as lower methane production per milk unit in high-yielding dairy cows fed a maize silage-based partial mixed ration without pasture access.
Antimicrobial Resistance, Serologic and Molecular Characterization of E. coli Isolated from Calves with Severe or Fatal Enteritis in Bavaria, Germany
Authors: Feuerstein Andrea , Scuda Nelly , Klose Corinna , Hoffmann Angelika , Melchner Alexander , Boll Kerstin , Rettinger Anna , Fell Shari , Straubinger Reinhard K. , Riehm Julia M.
Published: December 2021

Worldwide, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause neonatal diarrhea and high mortality rates in newborn calves, leading to great economic losses. In Bavaria, Germany, no recent facts are available regarding the prevalence of virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance of ETEC in calves. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 8713 E. coli isolates obtained from 7358 samples of diseased or deceased diarrheic calves were investigated between 2015 to 2019. Considerably high rates of 84.2% multidrug-resistant and 15.8% extensively drug-resistant isolates were detected. The resistance situation of the first, second and third line antimicrobials for the treatment, here amoxicillin-clavulanate, enrofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, is currently acceptable with mean non-susceptibility rates of 28.1%, 37.9% and 50.0% over the investigated 5-year period. Furthermore, the ETEC serotypes O101:K28, O9:K35, O101:K30, O101:K32, O78:K80, O139:K82, O8:K87, O141:K85 and O147:K89, as well as the virulence factors F17, F41, F5, ST-I and stx1 were identified in a subset of samples collected in 2019 and 2020. The substantially high rates of multi- and extensively drug-resistant isolates underline the necessity of continuous monitoring regarding antimicrobial resistance to provide reliable prognoses and adjust recommendations for the treatment of bacterial infections in animals.