bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Birth Weight, Gestational Age, and Risk of Pediatric-Onset MASLD
Authors: Ebrahimi Fahim , Yao Jialu , Hagström Hannes , Stephansson Olof , Sun Jiangwei , Bergman David , Söderling Jonas , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is increasingly being diagnosed at younger ages, affecting more than one-third of young people with obesity.

Objective

To evaluate associations between perinatal conditions and risk of MASLD and associated progressive liver disease.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nationwide, population-based case-control study included all biopsy-confirmed cases of MASLD in Sweden. Individuals aged 25 years or younger (hereafter, young individuals) with biopsy-proven MASLD between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2016, were matched to up to 5 general population control individuals. Granular data on maternal and perinatal characteristics were retrieved from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to June 2024.

Exposures

Birth weight (low [<2500 g], reference [2500 to <4000 g], or high [≥4000 g]), gestational age (GA), and birth weight for GA (small for GA [SGA; <10th percentile], appropriate for GA [10th-90th percentile], or large for GA [LGA; >90th percentile]), compared between patients and matched controls.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was odds of biopsy-proven MASLD and MASLD-associated progressive liver disease (ie, liver fibrosis or cirrhosis) according to birth weight, GA, and birth weight for GA, adjusted for matching factors.

Results

In total, 165 young individuals with biopsy-proven MASLD (median age at diagnosis: 12.0 years [IQR, 4.4-16.9 years]; 100 [60.6%] male) were matched with 717 controls. There was an association between low birth weight and future development of MASLD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.05; 95% CI, 1.85-8.88) but no association between high birth weight and odds of MASLD (AOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.38-1.08) compared with the reference birth weight. An association was seen for SGA (AOR, 3.36; 95% CI, 2.00-5.64) compared with appropriate size for GA (reference category) but not for LGA (AOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.27-1.20). Progressive liver disease was more common in individuals born with low birth weight (AOR, 6.03; 95% CI, 1.66-21.87) or SGA (AOR, 4.90; 95% CI, 2.15-11.14).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this nationwide study of young individuals with biopsy-proven MASLD, low birth weight and SGA were associated with development of MASLD and progressive liver disease, suggesting a need for structured screening measures to diagnose these conditions early in high-risk individuals.
Training of Peer Coaches to Assist Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis Prepare and Recover From Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Páez Yuliana Domínguez , Brown Mackenzie , Jabri Assem , Lui Geyanne , Hui Wai‐Kwong , Hernandez Noelia , Parks Michael , Della‐Valle Alejandro Gonzalez , Goodman Susan , Mandl Lisa A. , Safford Monika M. , Navarro‐Millán Iris
Published: September 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to outline the training of peer coaches in the Moving Well intervention, which was designed to reduce anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing in patients before and after total knee replacement (TKR).

Methods

Selected peer coaches had a history of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a TKR of 12 months or more before training, and were 60 or older. Training was primarily conducted virtually, with a later addition of one in‐person session. Training centered on developing skills in motivational interviewing (MoI), encompassing techniques like open‐ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summarization. It also covered the MoI processes of engagement, focus, evocation, and planning. Coaches were required to discuss at least 90% of session‐specific topics, which were monitored using checklists for each certification, and to complete individual MoI training, which was not graded. The evaluation of peer coach training involved surveys and a focus group.

Results

Three women and two men, averaging 75 years in age, completed the peer coach training for the Moving Well intervention. An in‐person training session was added to address technology and MoI skill concerns, greatly enhancing their grasp of MoI skills and their ability to guide others through the program effectively. Peer coaches stressed the importance of live feedback, in‐person training, and incorporating personal experiences into the program content during their training.

Conclusion

To effectively train older adults as peer coaches for the Moving Well intervention, flexibility in learning formats, personalized guidance, peer support, and regular evaluations were essential in building the necessary MoI competencies to guide research participants in the program.
Separable Synchronous Gradient‐Based Iterative Algorithms for the Nonlinear ExpARX System
Authors: Gu Ya , Hou Yuting , Li Chuanjiang , Zhu Yanfei
Published: September 2024

This article is aimed to study the parameter identification of the ExpARX system. To overcome the computational complexity associated with a large number of feature parameters, a parameter separation scheme based on the different features of the identification model is introduced. In terms of the phenomenon that the coupling parameters lead to the inability of algorithms, a separable synchronous interactive estimation method is introduced to eliminate the coupling parameters and perform parameter estimation in accordance with the hierarchical principle. For the purpose of achieving high‐accuracy performance and reducing complexity, a separable synchronous gradient iterative algorithm is derived by means of gradient search. In order to improve the identification accuracy, a separable synchronous multi‐innovation gradient iterative algorithm is proposed by introducing the multi‐innovation identification theory. In order to improve the convergence speed, a separable synchronous multi‐innovation conjugate gradient iterative algorithm is proposed by introducing the conjugate gradient theory. Finally, a simulation example and a real‐life example of piezoelectric ceramics are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Block Copolymers‐Enabled Organic–Organic Assembly for Unique Carbonaceous Micro‐/Nano‐Structures
Authors: Chen Chunhong , Zhang Siyu , Huang Bowen , Peng Yongwu , Zhang Ying , Wang Lianhui , Wang Yong
Published: September 2024

Over the past decade, there has been growing research interest in deriving advanced carbonaceous materials with unique architectures, including diverse morphologies and compositions, from polymer‐based precursors with tailored nano/micro‐structures. The organic–organic assembly between organic molecules and block copolymers (BCPs) has emerged as a promising strategy for advancing the preformed polymers with multiple levels of complexity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and potential applications of unique carbonaceous nano/micro‐structures derived from commonly used organic precursors, including phenol/formaldehyde, dopamine, and biomass. It begins with a brief summary of the polymerization mechanism for each type of precursors. Following this, it details the delicate design and preparation strategies for unique polymer architectures, including the formation mechanisms of the first‐level assembly involving BCPs and organic precursors, which form composite micelles as building units, and the principles for manipulation the higher‐level assembly process of the composite micelles, illustrated with some representative examples. The review then highlights the advanced applications of these materials in heterogeneous catalysts, secondary batteries, separation, and intelligent drug delivery systems. Finally, the synthetic challenges and potential development directions of unique carbonaceous nano/micro‐structures are outlined, underscoring a pathway for developing advanced materials.
Hydrogel‐Based Droplet Electricity Generators: Intrinsically Stretchable and Transparent for Seamless Integration in Diverse Environments
Authors: Jang Sunmin , Lee Sangeun , Shah Soban Ali , Cho Sumin , Ra Yoonsang , Lee Gibeom , Lee Younghoon , Choi Dongwhi
Published: September 2024

Droplet‐based electricity generators (DEGs) have emerged as innovative devices capable of transducing the kinetic energy of falling water droplets into electrical power, thereby presenting a promising solution for ambient energy harvesting. For effective application, DEGs must exhibit transparency and flexibility to facilitate aesthetic integration and optical/mechanical adaptability for utilization on natural objects and wearable devices. In this study, a hydrogel‐based DEG (Hy‐DEG) designed is proposed to be seamlessly integrated into everyday environments without compromising design or functionality. With the intrinsic characteristics of hydrogel, the Hy‐DEG exhibits superior optical transmittance (≈99%) and stretchability (≈70% of its original length), generating the electrical output performance of ≈45 V of voltage, 15 µA of current, and 42 µW of maximum peak power, with single droplet impact. This capability of the Hy‐DEG can operate electronic devices for environmental monitoring while maintaining seamless integration with commonly encountered surfaces. In this context, this study elucidates the characteristics of hydrogel bestowing novel functionalities upon the DEG, expanding the potential for energy harvesting in residential and commercial contexts. The implications of this research extend beyond conventional energy generation, fostering the development of self‐powered, transparent, and flexible devices.
Bi Off‐Centering in Centrosymmetric BiOBr Leading to Ultrahigh Bifunctional Piezocatalytic Fuel Generation Efficiencies in Seawater
Authors: Banoo Maqsuma , Samanta Kushal , Sah Arjun Kumar , Roy Raj Sekhar , Bhakar Monika , Sanyal Dirtha , Porob Digamber G. , Glazyrin Konstantin , Topwal Dinesh , Sheet Goutam , Ghosh Dibyajyoti , Gautam Ujjal K.
Published: September 2024

Piezocatalytic water‐splitting to simultaneously produce H2 and H2O2 has many potential advantages. However, the necessity to utilize materials having polar structures limits the choice of piezocatalysts. Herein, it is demonstrated that centrosymmetric BiOBr with oxygen defects can simultaneously produce H2 and H2O2 with ultrahigh efficiencies from pure and seawater without needing assistance from noble metals or scavengers. High‐pressure studies confirm that there are no non‐polar‐to‐polar phase transitions in BiOBr, though a novel isostructural phase is discovered. Computational studies reveal that oxygen vacancy distorts the BiOBr structure to induce charge‐localization and polarization. Furthermore, high pressure (i) reduces carrier effective masses and (ii) increases relative O‐2p contribution in the valence band maximum to assist catalysis and improve stability. The role of oxygen vacancy is confirmed by changing its concentration, which proportionally affects H2 evolution. The work paves the way for defect engineering to develop piezocatalysts from a large pool of non‐polar materials.
Unraveling the Microstructure‐Property Relationship of Fe Single‐Atoms via Introducing Asymmetric P‐Coordination for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Bi Yingying , Liu Xuefei , Ji Libin , Feng Chenchen , Gao Shutao , Li Huiliang , Shang Ningzhao , Gao Wei , Meng Tao , Wang Chun , Wang Lei
Published: September 2024

The local atomic environments of single‐atom photocatalysts play a decisive role in determining the solar‐to‐hydrogen energy conversion efficiency. However, controllably modulating the microstructure of single‐atom sites to enhance catalytic activity and deeply understanding the structure‐property relationship remain great challenges. Herein, electron‐rich P atoms are introduced to accurately regulate the local coordination environment and electronic configuration of Fe single atoms and construct a unique asymmetrical FeN3P2 motif into carbon nitride (FeN3P2‐CN) for significantly improving the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity and stability. Specifically, in the absence of noble metal cocatalyst and photosensitizer, the FeN3P2‐CN achieves a remarkable H2 evolution rate of 2668.5 µmol g−1 h−1 under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm), more than 105 times higher than that of unregulated FeN4 sample. Systematic characterizations and theoretical calculations unveil that the FeN3P2 single‐atom sites not only significantly broaden the photoabsorption region and facilitate the charge separation and interfacial transfer, but also efficiently promote adsorption and activation of H2O. This work paves a promising pathway to design novel single‐atom photocatalysts at the atomic level for achieving highly efficient water‐splitting performance.
Colossal Barocaloric Effect in Encapsulated Solid‐Liquid Phase Change Materials
Authors: Shuang Jiayi , Qin Mulin , Jia Mohan , Shen Zhenghui , Wang Yonggang , Zou Ruqiang
Published: September 2024

Barocaloric cooling as an emerging cooling technology offers an eco‐friendly alternative to traditional vapor compression refrigeration. Research on barocaloric materials primarily concentrates on solid–solid phase change materials (PCMs), among which plastic crystals exhibit colossal barocaloric effect. Solid‐liquid PCMs such as paraffin also exhibit giant barocaloric effect, however, their potential is often overshadowed by leakage issues. In this work, a strategy is demonstrated by encapsulating solid‐liquid PCMs into porous carbon matrixes to generate a large family of colossal barocaloric materials. In practice, by orthogonally combining paraffins with encapsulation matrixes like graphene foam, carbon nanotube foam, and carbon foam, it can be obtained composites that work without leakage issues. The significant advantage is their colossal barocaloric effect with the highest entropy value up to 570 J K−1 kg−1 in paraffin‐20@graphene foam. Moreover, the composites possess thermal conductivity up to 89.9 W m−1 K−1 in paraffin‐20@carbon foam, and tunable working temperature in the range of 270—330 K. Most importantly, this strategy, demonstrated with 5 solid‐liquid PCMs and 3 encapsulation matrixes in this work, is just the beginning. Further exploration with more materials can develop a huge family of encapsulated solid‐liquid PCMs with colossal barocaloric performance for modern cooling technology.
Hydrogel Microsphere‐Encapsulated Bimetallic Nanozyme for Promoting Diabetic Bone Regeneration via Glucose Consumption and ROS Scavenging
Authors: Hui Yujian , Mao Jiannan , Rui Min , Huang Yiyang , Jiang Xinzhao , Xu Yichang , Wang Wei , Wu Jie , Zhou Liang , Xi Kun , Huang Lixin , Chen Liang
Published: September 2024

The healing of bone defects among diabetic patients presents a critical challenge due to the pathological microenvironment, characterized by hyperglycemia, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inflammation. Herein, multifunctional composite microspheres, termed GMAP are developed, using a microfluidic technique by incorporating Au@Pt nanoparticles (NPs) and GelMA hydrogel to modulate the diabetic microenvironment for promoting bone regeneration. The GMAP enables the sustained release of Au@Pt NPs, which function as bimetallic nanozymes with dual enzyme‐like activities involving glucose oxidase and catalase. The synergistic effect allows for efficient glucose consumption and ROS elimination concurrently. Thus, the GMAP effectively protects the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under adverse high‐glucose conditions. Furthermore, it also promotes the osteogenic differentiation and paracrine capabilities of BMSCs, and subsequently inhibits inflammation and enhances angiogenesis. In vivo diabetic rats bone defect model, it is demonstrated that GMAP microspheres significantly improve bone regeneration, as verified by micro‐computed tomography and histological examinations. This study provides a novel strategy for bone regeneration by modulating the diabetic microenvironment, presenting a promising approach for addressing the complex challenges associated with bone healing in diabetic patients.
Sensing Interfaces Engineering for Organic Thin Film Transistors‐Based Biosensors: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Li Siyu , Duan Yuchen , Zhu Weigang , Cheng Shanshan , Hu Wenping
Published: September 2024

Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) enable rapid and label‐free high‐sensitivity detection of target analytes due to their low cost, large‐area processing, biocompatibility, and inherent signal amplification. At the same time, the freedom of synthesis, tailorability, and functionalization of organic semiconductor materials and their ability to be combined with flexible substrates make them one of the ideal platforms for biosensing. However, OTFTs‐based biosensors still face significant challenges, such as unexpected surface adsorption, disordered conformation, inhomogeneous graft density, and flexibility of probe molecules that biological sensing probes would face during immobilization. In this review, efficient immobilization strategies based on OTFTs biological sensing probes developed in the last 5 years are highlighted. First, the biosensors are classified according to their sensing interface. Second, a comprehensive discussion of the types of biological sensing probes is presented. Third, three commonly used methods for immobilizing biological sensing probes and their challenges are briefly described. Finally, the applications of OTFTs‐based biosensors for liquid phase detection are summarized. This review provides a comprehensive and timely review of optimization in sensing interface engineering so that efficient immobilization of biological sensing probes with sensing interfaces will contribute to the development of high‐performance OTFTs‐based biosensors.
Stable Air Retention under Water on Artificial Salvinia Surfaces Enabled by the Air Spring Effect: The Importance of Geometrical and Surface‐Energy Barriers, and of the Air Spring Height
Authors: Speichermann‐Jägel Lutz , Dullenkopf‐Beck Susanna , Droll Robert , Gandyra Daniel , Barczewski Matthias , Walheim Stefan , Schimmel Thomas
Published: September 2024

Superhydrophobic surfaces that can remain dry under water have a high potential as nontoxic antifouling coatings or for drag‐reducing ship coatings. The Salvinia effect leads to impressive stable air layers on underwater submerged floating plants Salvinia, decisively determined by the hydrophilic tips of the otherwise hydrophobic Salvinia hairs (Salvinia paradox). The water adheres to these hydrophilic tips, stabilizing the water–air interface. An even more important contribution to the stability of the air layer is provided by the air spring, which is formed by the air volume bound by the hydrophilic leaf edge and the leaf base. Using an artificial Salvinia model with hydrophobic pillars (syn‐trichomes), how the stability against pressure changes in water depends on the height of the artificial hair is systematically shown: a reduction of the air spring height from 3 mm to 300 µm increases the stability against negative pressure by 500% from 72 to 380 mbar. Thicker air layers react much more strongly when subjected to overpressure (1000 mbar). It is also shown that the presence of a boundary is essential for the function of the air spring: removing the limiting hydrophilic edge around the hydrophobic air spring reduces the stability against negative pressure by 300%.
Tunable Ultra‐Narrow Linewidth Light Source Through Liquid Crystal‐Assisted Mini‐Bound‐States‐In‐Continuum Cavities
Authors: Tang Renjie , Wang Yiting , Jian Jialing , Ju Zezhao , Si Yalan , Wu Jianghong , Ye Yuting , Shi Yilin , Bao Kangjian , Wu Yingchun , Tang Yiheng , Sun Chunlei , Gao Dawei , Lin Hongtao , Li Lan
Published: September 2024

The introduction of liquid crystals into microcavities has garnered considerable attention for their exceptional tunability and high sensitivity to external perturbation factors within their distinct phase states. Here, a novel light source with both wavelength tunability and an exceptionally narrow linewidth is presented. This innovation is realized by strategically manipulating LC molecules, transitioning them from a well‐aligned state to a disordered state with increasing temperature. The microcavity is tailored to support bound states in the continuum, a cutting‐edge concept in photonic research that allows for light localization with minimal loss. In the pursuit of potential biocompatibility and to reduce cytotoxicity, indium phosphide colloid quantum dots are opted to serve as the emissive carriers within the system. An ultra‐narrow linewidth light emission of 0.039 nm is observed, corresponding to a quality factor reaching 16668, along with a tunable range of 1.21 nm and a temperature sensitivity of 33.52 pm K−1. The invention's compact size and tunable character make it an ideal candidate for a variety of potential applications, such as eco‐friendly sensors with minimal ecological impact, optical modulators with precise control over light, and adaptable photonic devices that can be integrated with a diverse array of materials and configurations.
Unraveling the CDK9/PP2A/ERK Network in Transcriptional Pause Release and Complement Activation in KRAS‐mutant Cancers
Authors: Wang Yafang , Xu Lansong , Ling Lijun , Yao Mingyue , Shi Shangxuan , Yu Chengcheng , Li Yingnian , Shen Jie , Jiang Hualiang , Xie Chengying
Published: September 2024

Selective inhibition of the transcription elongation factor (P‐TEFb) complex represents a promising approach in cancer therapy, yet CDK9 inhibitors (CDK9i) are currently limited primarily to certain hematological malignancies. Herein, while initial responses to CDK9‐targeted therapies are observed in vitro across various KRAS‐mutant cancer types, their efficacy is far from satisfactory in nude mouse xenograft models. Mechanistically, CDK9 inhibition leads to compensatory activation of ERK‐MYC signaling, accompanied by the recovery of proto‐oncogenes, upregulation of immediate early genes (IEGs), stimulation of the complement C1r‐C3‐C3a cascade, and induction of tumor immunosuppression. The “paradoxical” regulation of PP2Ac activity involving the CDK9/Src interplay contributes to ERK phosphorylation and pause‐release of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Co‐targeting of CDK9 and KRAS/MAPK signaling pathways eliminates ERK‐MYC activation and prevents feedback activation mediated by receptor tyrosine kinases, leading to more effective control of KRAS‐mutant cancers and overcoming KRASi resistance. Moreover, modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) by complement system intervention enhances the response to CDK9i and potently suppresses tumor growth. Overall, the preclinical investigations establish a robust framework for conducting clinical trials employing KRASi/SOS1i/MEKi or immunomodifiers in combination with CDK9i to simultaneously target cancer cells and their crosstalk with the TME, thereby yielding improved responses in KRAS‐mutant patients.
Functional Tactile Sensor Based on Arrayed Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Peng Wang , Zhu Rongrong , Ni Qianqiu , Zhao Junqing , Zhu Xuanchen , Mei Qingsong , Zhang Chi , Liao Lingyi
Published: September 2024

In the era of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), sensors have become an integral part of intelligent systems. Although the traditional sensing technology is very mature in long‐term development, there are remaining defects and limitations that make it difficult to meet the growing demands of current applications, such as high‐sensitivity detection and self‐supplied sensing. As a new type of sensor, array triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG)‐based tactile sensors can respond to wide dynamic range of mechanical stimuli in the surrounding environment and converting them into quantifiable electrical signals, thus realizing real‐time self‐supplied tactile sensing. The array structure allows for fine delineation of the sensing area and improved spatial resolution, resulting in accurate localization and quantification of the detected tactile signals, and have been widely used in wearable devices, smart interaction, medical and health detection, and other fields. In this paper, the latest research progress of functional tactile sensors based on arrayed triboelectric nanogenerators is systematically reviewed from the aspects of working mechanism, material selection, material processing, structural design, functional integration, and application. Finally, the challenges faced by arrayed triboelectric tactile sensors are summarized with a view to providing inspiration and guidance for the future development of tactile sensors.
Field assessment of Lake Erie dredged sediment for specialty crops cultivation
Authors: Sequeira Juan Pablo , Oyewumi Olusola , Vazquez‐Ortega Angelica , Signorini Guilherme
Published: September 2024

Annually, approximately 1.5 million tonnes of sediment are dredged from federal navigational channels in Lake Erie. Recognizing the potential influence of Lake sediments on soil compaction, structure, water retention capacity, and aeration, this research assessed the agronomic performance of selected specialty crops under varying sediment ratios in an open‐field production system. The experimental design involved three sediment application rates: 0 tonne (100% farm soil), 0.7 tonne (90% farm soil and 10% sediment), and 7 tonnes per bed (100% sediment). Lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) were harvested 35 days after planting, with assessments including fresh and dry weights of leaves root biomass and root length measurements. Radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) were evaluated for root length, leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight, and diameter. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants were monitored for plant height and stem diameter. Fruit harvest occurred at days 70 and 75 post‐transplant. Metrics such as total number of marketable fruits, total fruit weight, number of US grade‐1 fruits, and polar and equatorial diameters were recorded. The results revealed significant positive effects of the 7‐tonne sediment treatment on lettuce, including increased dry leaf and root biomass, root lengths, and fresh weight. Similarly, radishes exhibited enhanced weight and length when grown in beds with 7 tonnes of sediment. Tomatoes from the 7‐tonne sediment treatment displayed higher values in plant measurements and harvested fruits. Overall, the findings indicate that soils treated with Lake Erie sediment positively influence the development and production of lettuce, radishes, and tomatoes compared to untreated soils.
Laparoscopic median arcuate ligament release using an anterior approach for median arcuate ligament syndrome
Authors: Kubota Koji , Shimizu Akira , Notake Tsuyoshi , Nakamura Satoshi , Soejima Yuji
Published: September 2024

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a rare condition characterized by nonspecific symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Furthermore, the development and rupture of pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms pose a potentially fatal risk. Median arcuate ligament release (MALR) is useful in the treatment of MALS, with most procedures performed laparoscopically. However, detailed descriptions of laparoscopic MALR (lap‐MALR) procedures are rare. In this study, we performed lap‐MALR via an anterior approach with dissection of the right lateral wall of the celiac artery (CA). For optimal visualization of the right side of the CA, the right branch of the inferior phrenic artery was divided. We believe that this procedure allows the MAL to be released within a sufficient surgical field and without excess or deficiency. Here, we present the details of six patients who underwent lap‐MALR for varying indications; three for pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms due to CA obstruction (unruptured, n = 1; ruptured, n = 2), two cases prior to hepato‐biliary‐pancreatic surgery, and one symptomatic case. In all cases, lap‐MALR was performed as described above, and the CA stenosis was successfully released. Our case series demonstrates the safety and reliability of our lap‐MALR procedure in the treatment of MALS‐related disorders, including pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms associated with CA compression.
Data‐Driven Modeling and High‐Precision Tracking Control of a Soft Continuum Manipulator: Enabling Robotic Sorting of Multiwire Cables
Authors: Gao Yuan , Chen Zhi , Zhong Fangxun , Li Xiang , Liu Yun‐Hui
Published: September 2024

As a new class of robots, soft continuum manipulators have attracted attention due to their flexibility and compliance. However, these characteristics create challenges for precise modeling and control. This study proposes a hybrid offline and online data‐driven scheme to achieve high‐precision tracking control of a soft continuum manipulator. First, a novel multiscale deep neural network learns the manipulator model offline. Specifically, the feature fusion module extracts highly discriminative features and captures long‐term dependencies from the temporal trajectory data. The self‐attention module strengthens the ability to represent fusion features and enhances the model prediction accuracy. Then, the learnt model is updated using multisensor data online, and the proposed controller further compensates for the updated model and enhances the tracking accuracy in the movement stage. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in motion accuracy under different trajectory‐tracking scenarios (i.e., deviations of <1 mm in position and <0.8° in orientation). The example of the multiwire cable sorting proves the feasibility of the proposed scheme in high‐precision industrial applications.
Soft Upper‐Limb Wearable Robotic Devices: Technology and Applications
Authors: Sharma Bibhu , Phan Phuoc Thien , Davies James , Hoang Trung Thien , Nguyen Chi Cong , Ji Adrienne , Zhu Kefan , Nicotra Emanuele , Lovell Nigel H. , Do Thanh Nho
Published: September 2024

One of the practical applications in the field of soft robotics involves the development of soft robotic wearable devices. These devices make use of their intrinsically compliant structures to interact safely and harmoniously with the human body. While soft wearable robots demonstrate their utility in lower‐limb applications for locomotion, the upper‐limb domain offers significant prospects in a wide range of applications that soft robotic technology can address. In this review, the current state of technology in the field of soft wearable upper limbs is systematically analyzed and categorized. Categorizations are made based on their applications in rehabilitation, activities of daily living support, and human augmentation. Furthermore, in this study, also contemporary technological aspects, encompassing sensing technology and control systems, are explored. Despite exciting potential in this domain, several limitations from existing devices inherently impede widespread adoption and thus hinder further progress in the field. In this study, also an overview of the different facets of the domain is provided and key considerations for the advancement of soft wearable robotic devices intended for upper‐limb applications are prescribed.
Gender differences in the association between education and late‐life cognitive function in the LifeAfter90 Study: A multiethnic cohort of the oldest–old
Authors: Lam Jennifer O. , Whitmer Rachel A. , Corrada Maria M. , Kawas Claudia H. , Vieira Katherine E. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Gilsanz Paola
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

Few studies have examined the relationship between education and cognition among the oldest–old.

METHODS

Cognitive assessments were conducted biannually for 803 participants (62.6% women) of LifeAfter90, a longitudinal study of individuals ≥ 90 years old. Gender differences in associations between education (< high school, high school, some college, and ≥ college) and cognition (verbal episodic memory, semantic memory, and executive function) were examined at baseline and longitudinally using linear mixed models.

RESULTS

Higher education levels were associated with better cognitive performance at baseline for both men and women. College completion was more strongly associated with better baseline executive function among women. Education‐cognition associations for baseline verbal episodic memory and baseline semantic memory did not differ by gender. Education was not associated with a decline in any domain‐specific cognitive scores, regardless of gender.

DISCUSSION

Education is associated with cognitive function among the oldest–old and varies by gender and cognitive domain at baseline but not over time.

Highlights

In the oldest–old, higher education was associated with better cognitive function.

College completion was more strongly associated with executive function in women.

Education was not associated with cognitive decline after age 90 regardless of gender.

Improving education could decrease gaps in cognitive level among older individuals.
Amygdala atrophies in specific subnuclei in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Salman Yasmine , Gérard Thomas , Huyghe Lara , Colmant Lise , Quenon Lisa , Malotaux Vincent , Ivanoiu Adrian , Lhommel Renaud , Dricot Laurence , Hanseeuw Bernard J. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation algorithms make it possible to study detailed medial temporal lobe (MTL) substructures as hippocampal subfields and amygdala subnuclei, offering opportunities to develop biomarkers for preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD).

METHODS

We identified the MTL substructures significantly associated with tau‐positron emission tomography (PET) signal in 581 non‐demented individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI‐3). We confirmed our results in our UCLouvain cohort including 110 non‐demented individuals by comparing volumes between individuals with different visual Braak's stages and clinical diagnosis.

RESULTS

Four amygdala subnuclei (cortical, central, medial, and accessory basal) were associated with tau in amyloid beta‐positive (Aβ+) clinically normal (CN) individuals, while the global amygdala and hippocampal volumes were not. Using UCLouvain data, we observed that both Braak I‐II and Aβ+ CN individuals had smaller volumes in these subnuclei, while no significant difference was observed in the global structure volumes or other subfields.

CONCLUSION

Measuring specific amygdala subnuclei, early atrophy may serve as a marker of temporal tauopathy in preclinical AD, identifying individuals at risk of progression.

Highlights

Amygdala atrophy is not homogeneous in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Tau pathology is associated with atrophy of specific amygdala subnuclei, specifically, the central, medial, cortical, and accessory basal subnuclei.

Hippocampal and amygdala volume is not associated with tau in preclinical AD.

Hippocampus and CA1‐3 volume is reduced in preclinical AD, regardless of tau.
A Review of Kirigami/Origami Metasurfaces for Controlling Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Zheng Yilin , Chen Ke , Feng Yijun
Published: September 2024

Advanced kirigami/origami techniques have enabled the flexible transformation of planar patterns into exquisite three‐dimensional (3D) structures and provided a new paradigm to control electromagnetic waves with remarkable reconfigurability and functionality. The practical applications of kirigami/origami metasurfaces are prospective due to their diversified wave‐manipulation capabilities, which demonstrate advantages such as compactness, lightweightness, deployability, and scalability. In this article, a comprehensive overview of the most recent advancements in the field of kirigami/origami metasurfaces is provided. This includes the concept of kirigami/origami, the practical implementations of kirigami/origami meta‐structures, and the application aspects of kirigami/origami metasurfaces in the control of electromagnetic waves. In the conclusion, future challenges and promising pathways of this field are also envisioned from the own perspectives.
Direction Modulation of Intramolecular Electric Field Boosts Hole Transport in Phthalocyanines for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xiao Guo‐Bin , Mu Xijiao , Suo Zhen‐Yang , Zhang Xukai , Yu Zefeng , Cao Jing
Published: September 2024

Tuning the strength of intramolecular electric field (IEF) in conjugated molecules has emerged as an effective approach to boost charge transfer. While direction manipulation of IEF would be a potential way that is still unclear. Here, we leverage the control of peripheral substituents of conjugated phthalocyanines to chemically tune the spatial orientation of IEF. By analyzing the spatial swing of side chains using the Kolmogorov‐Arnold representation and least squares algorithm, a comprehensive mathematical‐physical model has been established. This model enables rapid evaluation of the IEF and maximum hole transport performance induced by spatial swings. The champion phthalocyanine as dopant‐free hole transport material in perovskite solar cell realizes a record performance of 23.41 %. Greatly device stability is also exhibited. This work affords a new way to enhance hole transport capabilities of conjugated molecules by optimizing their IEF vector for photovoltaic devices.
High‐Performance Complementary Electrochromic Batteries using Nb18W16O93 by the Synergistic Effects of Aqueous Al3+/K+ Dual‐Ion
Authors: Wu Cong , Zhang Yining , Shi Hongsheng , Yu Jiameng , Yang Yihang , Zhang Chang , Yu Yi , Liu Wei
Published: September 2024

Multivalent ions, especially Al3+ in aqueous electrolyte contributes to higher capacity and color contrast for more sustainable post‐lithium electrochromism and energy storages. However, the lack of suitable cathodic and anodic electrochromic materials is a major challenge for Al‐ion electrochromic batteries, which limits their optical contrast and lifespan. Herein, we report that Wadsley‐Roth phase Nb18W16O93 with open structure achieves Al3+ intercalation/extraction reversibly. The complementary electrochromic energy storage devices based on Nb18W16O93 coupled with Prussian blue using hybrid Al3+/K+ aqueous electrolytes show a fast response, a high capacity and a large coloring efficiency. The superior performances are due to the cations of Al3+ and K+ selectively insert/extract in the electrode of Nb18W16O93 and Prussian blue, respectively. This work provides an effective strategy for high‐performance and low‐cost electrochromic batteries with higher sustainability.
Amplifying Colossal Thermal Expansion of a Martensitic Molecular Crystal through Interlayer Shear‐Induced Side‐Chain Liberation
Authors: Hwang Kyoungtae , Sin Gwangsik , Jang Minwoo , Mi Choi Yoon , Moon Dohyun , Park Hyungbum , Kyu Park Sang
Published: September 2024

Molecular crystals capable of colossal thermal expansion (TE) are fascinating owing to their substantial and continuous volume changes and reasonably linear responses to temperature. This makes them promising candidates for micromachine applications. Macroscopic motion is driven by subtle yet cooperative movements of molecules that respond to the thermal motions of dynamic functional units. The study of p‐TIPS‐DSB presented here offers a compelling case highlighting the relationship between the degree of dynamicity of functional units and TE behavior. In its α‐phase, the p‐TIPS‐DSB crystal undergoes an irreversible martensitic transition to the β‐phase, accompanied by significant cooperative interlayer shear. This process substantially enhances the mobility of the side‐chains driven by the increased free volume surrounding them. This nearly doubles the volumetric TE coefficient from 255.3 (10) to 444.9 (32) MK−1, particularly in the actuation direction from 175.0 (7) to 291.7 (20) MK−1, enabling about 4.5 % elongation/contraction. As demonstrated here, p‐TIPS‐DSB exhibits a decent force density (>1.4×107 N m−3) and precise motion control capabilities due to its hysteresis‐free and non‐abrupt TE nature. Furthermore, we demonstrated the limited operating distance of colossal TE materials can be amplified by utilizing levers, highlighting the high potential of these materials for use in micromachines.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Non‐Heme Iron Hyponitrite Complex
Authors: Lengel Michael O. , Dong Hai T. , Lehnert Nicolai
Published: September 2024

Flavodiiron NO reductases (FNORs) are important enzymes in microbial pathogenesis, as they equip microbes with resistance to the human immune defense agent nitric oxide (NO). Despite many efforts, intermediates that would provide insight into how the non‐heme diiron active sites of FNORs reduce NO to N2O could not be identified. Computations predict that iron‐hyponitrite complexes are the key species, leading from NO to N2O. However, the coordination chemistry of non‐heme iron centers with hyponitrite is largely unknown. In this study, we report the reactivity of two non‐heme iron complexes with preformed hyponitrite. In the case of [Fe(TPA)(CH3CN)2](OTf)2, cleavage of hyponitrite and formation of an Fe2(NO)2 diamond core is observed. With less Lewis‐acidic [Fe2(BMPA‐PhO)2(OTf)2] (2), reaction with Na2N2O2 in polar aprotic solvent leads to the formation of a red complex, 3. X‐ray crystallography shows that 3 is a tetranuclear iron‐hyponitrite complex, [{Fe2(BMPA‐PhO)2}2(μ‐N2O2)](OTf)2, with a unique hyponitrite binding mode. This species provided the unique opportunity to us to study the interaction of hyponitrite with non‐heme iron centers and the reactivity of the bound hyponitrite ligand. Here, either protonation or oxidation of 3 is found to induce N2O formation, supporting the hypothesis that hyponitrite is a viable intermediate in NO reduction.
Visible Light‐Switchable Lattice Oxygen Sites for Selective C−H and C(O)−C Bond Electrooxidation
Authors: Wang Keping , Huang Jinshu , Hu Jinguang , Wu Mei , Liao Yuhe , Yang Song , Li Hu
Published: September 2024

Lattice‐oxygen is highly oxidizable, ideal for electrocatalytic C−H oxidation but insufficient alone for C(O)−C bond cleavage due to the non‐removable nature of lattice sites. Here, we present a visible light‐assisted electrochemical method of in situ formulating removable lattice‐oxygen sites in a nickel‐oxyhydroxide (ESE‐NiOOH) electrocatalyst. This catalyst efficiently converts aromatic alcohols and carbonyls with C(O)−C fragments from lignin and plastics into benzoic acids (BAs) with high yields (83–99 %). Without light irradiation, ESE‐NiOOH's intrinsic lattice‐oxygen is non‐removable and inert for C(O)−C bond cleavage. In situ characterizations show light‐induced lattice‐oxygen removal and regeneration via OH− refilling. Theoretical calculations identify the nucleophilic oxygen attack on ketone‐derived carbanion as a rate‐determining step, which can be remarkably facilitated by removable lattice‐oxygen to activate α‐C−H bonds. As a proof‐of‐concept, an “electrochemical funnel” strategy is developed for high‐efficiency upgrading aromatic mixtures with C(O)−C moieties into BA with up to 94 % yield. This in situ removal‐regeneration approach for lattice sites opens an avenue for the tailored design of interfacial electrocatalysts to selectively upcycle waste carbon sources into valuable products.
Evaluation of Active Oxygen Species Derived from Water Splitting for Electrocatalytic Organic Oxidation
Authors: Yang Jiangrong , Xia Tian , Li Hao , Yan Hong , Kong Xianggui , Li Zhenhua , Shao Mingfei , Duan Xue
Published: September 2024

Active oxygen species (OH*/O*) derived from water electrolysis are essential for the electrooxidation of organic compounds into high‐value chemicals, which can determine activity and selectivity, whereas the relationship between them remains unclear. Herein, using glycerol (GLY) electrooxidation as a model reaction, we systematically investigated the relationship between GLY oxidation activity and the formation energy of OH* (ΔGOH*). We first identified that OH* on Au demonstrates the highest activity for GLY electrooxidation among various pure metals, based on experiments and density functional theory, and revealed that ΔGOH* on Au‐based alloys is influenced by the metallic composition of OH* coordination sites. Moreover, we observed a linear correlation between the adsorption energy of GLY (Eads) and the d‐band center of Au‐based alloys. Comprehensive microkinetic analysis further reveals a volcano relationship between GLY oxidation activity, the ΔGOH* and the adsorption free energy of GLY (ΔGads). Notably, Au3Pd and Au3Ag alloys, positioned near the peak of the volcano plot, show excellent activity, attributed to their moderate ΔGOH* and ΔGads, striking a balance that is neither too high nor too low. This research provides theoretical insights into modulating active oxygen species from water electrolysis to enhance organic electrooxidation reactions.
Rigid Ligand Confined Synthesis of Carbon Supported Dimeric Fe Sites with High‐Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity for Quasi‐Solid‐State Rechargeable Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zong Lingbo , Li Mengke , Li Ping , Fan Kaicai , Wang Lei
Published: September 2024

Dimeric metal sites (DiMSs) in carbon‐based single atom catalysts (SACs) offer distinct advantages in optimizing the adsorption energies of the catalytic intermediates and reaction pathways over single atom sites, which inspires the investigations on the rational design of DiMSs‐based SACs and the accurate discernment of catalytic mechanisms. Here, dimeric Fe sites on carbon blacks (DiFe‐N/CBs) are prepared using the precursor of metal‐organic complex with a controlled structure, and the rigid ligand confinement secures the preservation of dimeric Fe sites during the thermal treatment. DiFe‐N/CBs shows excellent electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with a high half‐wave potential of 0.917 V, and excellent durability with negligible activity decay. Theoretical studies reveal that the dimeric Fe sites have an optimal adsorption of OOH* with the Yeager‐type binding, illustrating the advantages of DiMSs over SAs in catalyzing ORR. The rechargeable aqueous and quasi‐solid‐state Zn‐air batteries assembled using DiFe‐N/CBs‐based air cathodes achieve small voltage gaps after long term charge/discharge test, showing great promises for practical applications. This synthetic strategy serves a novel platform to produce a scope of catalysts incorporating multimeric metal sites, and studies on the catalytic mechanism lay the foundation for establishing cooperative effect for multidentate adsorption reactions.
Reduction of Carboxamides Into Amines Catalyzed by La[NH‐2,6‐iPr2‐4‐FcC6H2]3/HBpin
Authors: Ye Qiujin , Wang Yukun , Chen Jue , Luo Yunjie
Published: September 2024

Reduction of carboxamides is an efficient approach to obtain the corresponding amines, albeit it is one of the most problematic. In this work, by use of pinacolborane (HBpin) as a reductant, the rare‐earth metal tris (arylamido) complex supported by a ferrocenyl‐modified arylamido ligand La[NH‐2,6‐iPr2‐4‐FcC6H2]3 was employed as a precatalyst for primary and secondary amide reductions. This catalyst system exhibited high activity toward hydroborative reduction of amides to amines under mild conditions, as well good tolerance for heteroatoms and functional groups in the reduction. A lanthanide hydride was experimentally verified as the active species and the reduction mechanism was proposed.