bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homoeopathic Management of Blood Cancer: A Comprehensive Approach and Individualizing Patients
Authors:   Dr. Abbhay Pansambhal, Pratiksha Patil, Pallavi Patil, Pratiksha Pawar, Mrutunjay Pathak and Sana Pathan
Published: February 2025

Article provides an overview of Leukaemia exploring its causes, risk factors, clinical presentation, complications, and management strategies, with a focus on homoeopathic interventions. In today's world these disease is very common. It can occur at any age. We cannot cure these disease completely. We can prevent leukemia by taking some precautions.like eating fresh fruit and vegetables, by washing hands, exercise, healthy lifestyle. Blood Cancer affects the production and function of blood cells. Commonest type of blood cancers are 1) Leukemia 2) Lymphoma 3) Myeloma Common treatment of blood cancer is chemotherapy but relapse may also occur in that. Different types of drug deliveries has been developed to improve efficacy and safety of blood cancer treatment.
Infanticide & It’s Medicolegal Aspects
Authors:   Dr. Darshani Sabale, Dr. Kavitake Pallavi Dhanaji, Dr. Pooja Madhukar Landge, Dr. Shivani Sidu Maghade, Dr. Omkar Anil Khillare, Dr. Pooja Eknath Mali and Dr. Akshita Vasant Malshikare
Published: February 2025

Infanticide, the act of intentionally killing an infant, remains a deeply troubling social issue with significant ethical, legal, and psychological implications. This article explores the various factors contributing to infanticide, including socio-economic pressures, mental health challenges, cultural practices, and the role of law enforcement in prevention. It also examines the legal definitions and variations of infanticide across different jurisdictions, addressing the complexities of prosecuting such cases. Furthermore, the psychological motivations of perpetrators, particularly mothers, are discussed in relation to mental illness Trauma, and societal expectations. Ultimately, the article seeks to highlight the importance of comprehensive support systems, mental health interventions, and legal reforms to reduce the incidence of infanticide and ensure better protection for vulnerable infants.
Patronage Appointments in Mongolia
Authors:   Otgonbayar Nyamaa and Undrakh Davaadorj
Published: February 2025

This paper examines political patronage in Mongolia. It argues that political patronage reaches the public sector. Weak control and accountability mechanisms in the civil service result in increased corruption, which impedes the country's development. One key feature of a democratic political system is public oversight. Exercising power without public oversight can lead to negative consequences. Further, we offer preliminary evidence from our study of political patronage in Mongolia to suggest that variations in patronage roles can be related to variations in the institutionalization of party systems and the nature of the links between political actors and civil servants.
Causes of Diseases
Authors:   Dr. Sangita Pagire, Tompe Bharat, Tupe Sanjana, Rahul Vishe, Vitonde Aishwarya and Khatik Adil
Published: February 2025

Diseases are disorders that disrupt normal bodily functions, and they can arise from a variety of causes. These causes can be broadly classified into several categories, including infectious agents, genetic factors, environmental influences, and lifestyle choices. Understanding these causes helps in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. Below is an overview of the main causes of disease.
Assessment of Academic Stress and Self-Esteem among the students in Covid-19 Pandemic in Selected Schools, West Bengal
Authors:   Puja Dutta and Ruma Roy
Published: February 2025

Introduction: A descriptive study aimed to assess academic stress and self-esteem among students during the COVID-19 pandemic in selected schools in West Bengal. The study's objectives included evaluating the levels of academic stress and self-esteem, exploring the correlation between the two, and determining the association of these variables with selected demographic factors. Methodology: The conceptual framework was grounded in Richard Lazarus and Folk man’s Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. A total of 100 students were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire for background information, the Modified Academic Stress Scale based on Kim's (1970) framework to measure academic stress, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for self-esteem assessment. Result: Results indicated that 76% of students experienced moderate academic stress, while 10% reported high stress and 14% low stress; additionally, 51% of the students exhibited normal self-esteem, whereas 49% had low self-esteem. A negative correlation (r = -0.38) was identified between academic stress and self-esteem, suggesting that increased academic stress correlates with lower self-esteem. Statistically significant associations were found between academic stress and self-esteem with demographic variables such as family type, father's educational level, and monthly family income at a 0.05 significance level. Discussion: A significant relationship was also noted between mothers' occupations and academic stress at the same level of significance. The findings underscore the implications for nursing practice and suggest that further research with larger samples and diverse settings is warranted to enhance generaizability.
Evidence based Comparison of merits and Demerits of different Birthing Positions and Practices- Narrative Review
Authors:   Jissa Donel and Anuchitra, S.
Published: February 2025

Birth position can be influenced by many different factors including setting, mother's choice, caregiver preference, or medical intervention. The position assumed by women during birth is influenced by several complex factors. Historically, mothers used physiologically appropriate labor positions such as squatting, sitting up right, and even standing in the birthing process. Currently in obstetric practice, these alternative positions infrequently are used during labor while the supine position has come to be accepted as ‘best practice’ in hospital-based deliveries. Over the past century western medicine has designated pregnancy as a medical diagnosis, along with technology have led to replacing more natural obstetrical positions with the reclining lithotomy position during labor. Many caregivers around the world still prefer non-upright positions today, even though current obstetric textbooks state that it is beneficial, especially for first-time mothers, to push in upright positions. (15) Since no much evidence exists to support the most ideal maternal positions for every woman, the maternal position has been controversial over a long period. Although many researches have shed light on the use of different maternal position during the second-stage of labor, but the pros and cons of each position might not be apparent. This review aims to review and compare common positions during this stage of labour with recent research evidences to get the full picture of the benefits and risks of these positions, which might support optimal labor and improve midwifery practice.
Artificial Intelligence in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: The Indian Perspective and Future Trends
Authors:   Mr. Hariharan Marimuthu, Dr. Nalinkumar S and Dr. Sakthi
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and patient outcomes. In India, AI adoption in OMFS is growing due to advancements in machine learning, imaging technologies, and robotic-assisted surgery. This review explores the current status of AI in OMFS within India, highlighting key applications, challenges, and future prospects.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL ROSELLA DENGAN PEMBERIAN KOMBINASI POC BIOSAKA DAN KNO3 PADA TANAH GAMBUT
Authors: Saputri Gita , Zulfita Dwi , Pramulya Muhammad
Published: February 2025

The rosella plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a shrub or shrub which is a seasonal plant. This research aims to obtain the best combination of Biosaka POC concentration and KNO3 fertilizer dose for growth and yield of rosella in peat soil. This research was carried out at Sepakat 2, Gang Racana Untan, Pontianak, starting in February - May 2024. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and five replications, each replication consisting of four plant samples. The treatment in question is 100% Biosaka POC equivalent to 300 ml/liter (k1), 75% Biosaka POC equivalent to 225 ml/liter + 25% KNO3 (100 kg/ha) equivalent to 0.5 g/plant (k2), 50% POC Biosaka equivalent to 150 ml/liter + 50% KNO3 (200 kg/ha) equivalent to 1 g/plant (k3), 25% POC Biosaka equivalent to 75 ml/liter + 75% KNO3 (300 kg/ha) equivalent to 1.5 g/plant (k4), 100% KNO3 (400 kg/ha) equivalent to 10 g /plant (k5). The results of the research show that giving 100% KNO3 can provide the best growth, namely plant height and the combination of 25% Biosaka and 75% KNO3 can provide the best rosella yields on peat soil.
The correlation between the pulp rheology and the flotation performance in a scheelite ore: from the flotation kinetic perspective
Authors: Zhang Pengyu , Wei Jianchao , Chen Wei , Zhao Qiang , Yang Zhuo
Published: February 2025

Pulp rheology plays a very important role in deciding the subtle process of flotation. Here the correlation between the flotation kinetics of a scheelite ore and the pulp rheology was studied through batch flotation test and rheology measurement with data fitting. The pulp rheology was controlled by pulp concentration, adding surface inert gangue mineral-andradite with different size and content. Afterwards, the cumulative flotation grade and recovery as a function of flotation time was recorded with further kinetic analysis corresponding to their rheological properties including the yield stress and the degree of deviation from Newtonian fluid (D). The results showed that adding the coarse andradite (+75~-100 μm) at the mass ratio of 20/6 could selectively increase the flotation rate co-efficient for the slow floating fractions (from 0.24 min-1 to 0.63 min-1), which was responsible for the increased concentrate grade. In the meantime, the yield stress was in positive correlation with the degree of deviation from Newtonian fluid, indicating that the ideal Newtonian fluid type flotation slurry might exhibit high separation performance. The flotation kinetic for the fast floating fractions was hardly influenced by the D value, and was decided by kf = 0.00084D + 0.3911. However, the flotation kinetic for the slow floating fraction was quite dependent of the D value, and was decided by ks = -0.0092D+0.72593
Studi Pembuatan Serabi Dengan Penambahan Tapai Ketan Putih Dan Tapai Ubi Kayu
Authors: Askar Askar Julianto , Rukmelia Rukmelia , Salfiana Salfiana
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan tapai ketan putih dan tapai ubi kayu terhadap sifat organoleptik serabi, mengukur kadar serat yang dihasilkan, serta menentukan umur simpan serabi terbaik berdasarkan uji kimia, yang mencakup kadar rendemen, kadar air, dan kadar serat. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan menilai kualitas serabi dengan penambahan tapai ketan putih dan tapai ubi kayu terbaik berdasarkan uji organoleptik.Penelitian dilakukan dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga kali pengulangan. Perlakuan tersebut mencakup penambahan ketan putih dan tapai ubi kayu dengan proporsi sebagai berikut: A1 (tanpa penambahan) (100%:0%), A2 (65%:35%), dan A3 (85%:15%). Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi kadar rendemen, kadar air, kadar serat, dan uji organoleptik. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dan apabila terdapat perbedaan signifikan, dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tapai ketan putih dan tapai ubi kayu memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air dan kadar serat. Kadar rendemen tertinggi ditemukan pada %, kadar air tertinggi pada A1 sebesar 14,54%, dan kadar serat tertinggi pada A2 sebesar 0,91%. Tingkat kesukaan tertinggi berdasarkan uji hedonik warna terdapat pada sampel C2 dengan nilai 5,43.
Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Produksi Tanaman Seledri (Apium Graveolens L.) Dengan Perbedaan Konsentrasi Dan Interval Waktu Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair
Authors: Pertiwi Erse Drawana , Nasrul Muhammad , Astuti Linda
Published: February 2025

Upaya untuk meningkatkan hasil pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman seledri dengan menggunakan pupuk organik cair dalam konsentrasi dan interval waktu yang sesuai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi dan interval waktu pemberian pupuk organik cair terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi tanaman seledri, serta untuk mengetahui interaksi antara konsentrasi dan interval waktu tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah percobaan faktorial dua faktor, dengan faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi pupuk organik cair yang terdiri dari tiga tingkatan, yaitu C1, C2, dan C3. Faktor kedua adalah interval waktu pemberian pupuk organik cair yang terdiri dari empat tingkatan, yaitu W1, W2, W3, dan W4. Penelitian ini mencakup total 12 kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang empat kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi optimal pupuk organik cair untuk pertumbuhan tanaman seledri adalah 9 ml/L, dengan interval waktu pemberian yang tepat adalah setiap empat hari sekali.
Diversifikasi Sumber Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Pembudidaya Rumput Laut di Kelurahan Lembang Kecamatan Bantaeng Kabupaten Bantaeng
Authors: Sapoding Ilham Nur , Arwati Sitti , Hasriani Hasriani
Published: February 2025

Kemarau Panjang dan intensitas curah hujan yang tinggi menyebabkan pembudidaya  mengalami penurunan produksi sehingga pendapatan pembudidaya menurun dan pembudidaya mengalami kesulitan memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangganya. Cara mengatasi faktor pembatas ini, yaitu diversifikasi usaha. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan aset penghidupan dan usaha diversifikasi apa yang dilakukan rumah tangga pembudidaya rumput laut di Kelurahan Lembang.Teknik penentuan informan dengan metode Purposive Sampling, dengan jumlah 10 orang pembudidaya rumput laut. Teknik analisis data yaitu secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aset pengehidupan (1) modal manusia yaitu tingkat Pendidikan yang rendah dengan rata-rata lulusan SD mempengaruhi kurangnya pengetahun pembudidaya, namun dengan pengalaman cukup tinggi yaitu 10-20 tahun. dapat menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam diversifikasi usaha. (2) Modal Finansial memanfaatkan pendapatan atau tabungan dari hasil budidaya rumput laut beserta usaha lainya dan pinjaman dari pedagang pengumpul. (3) Modal fisik pembudidaya yaitu perahu, kendaraan, rumah pribadi, dan peralatan pertanian. Diversifikasi sumber pendapatan yang dipilih oleh rumah tangga pembudidaya rumput laut di Kelurahan Lembang anatara lain sebagai petani sakap, buruh bangunan, tukang kayu, dan istri dan anak juga berkotribusi besar dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan rumah tangganya dengan bekerja sebagai tukang jahit, pembibit rumput laut, dan karyawan toko.
Decision Making on Determinant and Adjoint of a Square Neutrosophic Fuzzy Economic Model
Authors: Alshehri Mohammed N. , Dhar Runu , Das Deepraj , Tripathy Binod Chandra , Magzoub Mona , Bashir Runda A. A. , Abdalrahman Nhla A. , Bakery Awad A.
Published: February 2025

Matrices have significant contribution in the field of science and technology. It is often seen that fuzzy matrix theory theory cann’t address all types of uncertanity. In order to solve real life problems containing the neutrosophic phenomena, determinant and adjoint of a neutrosophic fuzzy matrix are required. The article introduces the notions of determinant and adjoint of neutrosophic fuzzy matrices. We shall define the idea of the neutrosophic matrix in which everyelement will appear with the degree of membership values of independent functions, namely membership, indeterminacy, and non-membership functions. Each degree of these membership values will be taken from the interval [0, 1]. With the help of this notion, we shall introduce the determinant and adjoint of a square neutrosophic fuzzy matrix. We shall investigate some basic properties, theorems and results of the determinant and adjointof a square neutrosophic fuzzy matrix. We shall justify these concepts by providing proof. Some properties and results shall be verified by providing suitable numerical examples. We shall give some definitions based on the newly defined concepts. The article reveals an innovative idea which contributes to find determiant and adjoint of neutrosophic fuzzy matrices generated from real-life problems. These newly introduced definitions will have applications in relevant science and technology research fields such as to solve linear equations containing neutrosophic fuzzy matrices.
Advancements in Integral Inequalities Through Hattaf Fractional Operators
Authors: Rahman Gauhar , Mlaiki Nabil , Aloqaily Ahmad , Samraiz Muhammad , Yildiz Çetin
Published: February 2025

In studies of inequality theory, integral identities are developed to support numerous inequalities. Various fractional integral and derivative operators have been employed recently to accomplish these identities. In this article, we first establish an integral identity by employing Hattaf fractional integral operators. Then, we use this identity to give some novel generalizations of integral inequalities for the convexity of |ℵ| using the Jensen integral inequality, Young's inequality, power-mean inequality, and Hölder inequality. The main motivating goal of this study is to use Hattaf-fractional integral operators with strong kernel structure to derive new and general form of integral inequalities.
Beach camping, weather, and COVID-19: A case of Hawaii, United States
Authors: Craig Christopher A. , Evans Jr. Robert  D.
Published: February 2025

Beach camping involves occupancy of a temporary shore-adjacent accommodation such as a tent. Beach camping studies have focused primarily on adverse ecological impacts, not factors influencing participation such as weather orCOVID-19.We address this gap, operationalizing the beach camping case for Hawaii (United States), a group of islands in the lower latitudes of the Pacific Ocean. The dependent variable is beach camping occupancy. The independent weather variable is thermal stress (i.e., heat exposure). Retrospective forecasts assessed relationships between weather and camping occupancy(January 2015–February 2020). To assess the influence of COVID-19, we ran forecasts to compare to observed camping occupancy(March 2020–December 2023). Results indicate that (1) adverse weather is inversely related to camping occupancy and (2) international but not domestic beach camping occupancy has rebounded to pre-COVID-19levels.Based on prospect theory, findings demonstrate that adverse weather is more salient than favorable weather on camping occupancy.
Legal Dynamics in the Permitting Process for Extra High Voltage Overhead Line Development in South Sumatra
Authors: Rahmiko Eko , Saputro Adi , Sami’an S.
Published: February 2025

In order to meet the ever-increasing electricity demand in Indonesia, the development of EHV Overhead Lines has become crucial. This research examines the legal dynamics in the permitting process for EHV Overhead Line development in South Sumatra, which is identified as a major inhibiting factor for developing this infrastructure. This research uses a juridical-empirical approach with a case study in South Sumatra. Primary data were obtained through interviews with relevant stakeholders, while secondary data were collected by studying documents and regulations related to EHV Overhead Line permitting. The results show that regulatory complexity and community resistance shape the legal dynamics that hinder the permitting process. Regulatory complexity manifests in regulatory disharmony, overlapping authority among agencies, and complicated procedures. Community resistance arises due to land acquisition problems, infrastructure damage, concerns about health impacts, and a lack of transparency. These legal dynamics slow EHV Overhead Line development and hinder the optimization of energy resource potential in South Sumatra. Therefore, regulatory reform and improving permitting governance that focuses on simplification, harmonization, transparency, and public participation are urgently needed to support sustainable power infrastructure development.
The Challenges Facing People with Physical Disabilities in Accessing Public Services Qardho, Puntland, Somalia
Authors: Hussen Hassan Ahmed , Ali Mustafe Abdi , Yusuf Mohamud Isse , Nouh Hussein Musse
Published: February 2025

This study examines the challenges faced by people with physical disabilities in accessing public service in Qardho, Puntland Somalia, and explores strategies for improving accessibility. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 115 respondents, including 60 wheelchair users, 23 school principals, 21 mosque imams, 5 restaurant owners, 3 supermarket managers, and 3 hotel managers, selected purposively. The collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel.  The study found that 90% of mosques and 100% of schools and supermarkets interviewed do not have physically disabled clients. Additionally, none of the targeted mosques, schools, supermarkets, hotels, and restaurants have special toilets or signposts. Furthermore, 90.48% of mosques, 86.96% of schools, 66.67% of supermarkets, 66.66% of hotels, and 60% of restaurants assessed lack provisions such as ramps, elevators, and stairlifts for the physically challenged. To address these challenges, the study recommends policy enforcement on accessibility standards, investment in disability-friendly infrastructure, awareness campaigns to promote inclusion and training for service providers on disability accommodations.
Jalkapallon lieveilmiöitä raportoineet poliisiaineistot Napolin prefektuurissa 1926–1941
Authors: Kananen Joonas
Published: February 2025

Jalkapallo oli merkittävä massakulttuurin muoto fasistisessa Italiassa ja sitä hyödynnettiin laajasti hallinnon propagandassa. Samaan aikaan jalkapalloon liittyi paljon häiriökäyttäytymistä, kuten väkivaltaa ja kentänvaltauksia, joita havaittiin Italiassa läpi fasistisen hallinnon aikakauden (1922–1943). Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelen temaattisen analyysin keinoin Napolin prefektuuriin saapuneiden poliisiraporttien tapaa arvioida jalkapalloon liittynyttä häiriökäyttäytymistä. Sisäministeriön alaisen poliisin ohella järjestystä otteluissa valvoivat karabinieerit sekä kansallisen turvallisuuden vapaaehtoisen miliisin jäsenet. Artikkelin toisena tarkastelukohteena on raporttien antama kuva poliisijoukkojen ja fasististen instituutioiden välisistä suhteista ottelutapahtumissa. Artikkelin tavoitteena on tarkastella jalkapalloon liittynyttä väkivaltaista toimintaa, sitä tukeneita kulttuurisia ja yhteiskunnallisia rakenteita sekä poliisin asemaa niiden välissä. 
Football was a significant form of mass culture in Fascist Italy, and it was widely used in the regime’s propaganda. Meanwhile, a lot of football-related disorder, among other violence and pitch invasions, was perceived in Italy throughout the era of fascist regime (1922–1943). In this article I will use thematic analysis to examine, how policemen evaluated these incidents in their reports sent to the prefecture of Naples. Alongside the regular police forces, the public order during the matches was surveyed by the carabinieri forces and the members of the Voluntary Militia for National Security. Therefore, this article also examines, how relations between police and fascist institutions were framed in reports. Ultimately, this article seeks to observe football-related violent actions, cultural and societal structures supporting them, and the role of police in between them.
Suomen poliisi ja pohjoismaiset poliisipäällystökonferenssit 1930-luvulla
Authors: Pitkänen Juho
Published: February 2025

Suomen poliisissa Pohjoismaat muodostivat keskeisen viiteryhmän 1920-luvulla, ja yhteistyö muuttui järjestelmällisemmäksi ja tiivistyi 1930-luvulla. Tuolloin ryhdyttiin järjestämään pohjoismaisia poliisipäällystökonferensseja, jotka edesauttoivat yhteistyön kehittämistä ja tiivistämistä. Artikkelissa tarkastellaan konferensseihin osallistumista Suomen poliisin näkökulmasta. Lähteinä käytetään konferenssiaineistoja ja poliisialan ammattilehtiä, minkä lisäksi on hyödynnetty suomalaisia arkistoaineistoja. Artikkelissa selvitetään suomalaisten konferensseihin osallistumisen lähtökohtia, motiiveja ja vaikutuksia. Konferenssit olivat osoitus halusta alueelliseen yhteistyöhön ja liittyivät laajempaan poliisin kansainvälistymiseen. Niistä muodostui 1930-luvulla yhteisen suunnittelun ja vaikuttamisen kanava. Suomessa pohjoismaista yhteistyötä pidettiin tärkeänä ja sitä ajoivat ammattikunnan tarpeet ja jaetut uhkakuvat. Poliisijohto halusi rakentaa henkilökohtaisia suhteita, lisätä yhteistoimintaa rikollisuuden ehkäisemiseksi ja toisaalta oppia muiden toimintamalleista. Konferensseista saatiin ajatuksia poliisitoiminnan kehittämiseksi Suomessa, minkä lisäksi ne tiivistivät yhteistyötä ja poliisien välisiä keskinäisiä suhteita, joilla oli vaikutusta myöhemminkin. Kaikki suunnitelmat eivät realisoituneet ennen toisen maailmansodan syttymistä, mutta konferenssit loivat pohjan myös sodan jälkeiselle yhteistyölle.  
In the Finnish police, the Nordic countries served as an important reference group already in the 1920s. This cooperation became more structured in the 1930s, marked by the first Nordic police chief conferences, which fostered and intensified the collaboration. This article examines the Finnish police’s involvement in these conferences, drawing on official conference records, professional police journals, and Finnish archival materials. The article explores the motivations behind Finland’s participation and its impacts. The conferences embodied an interest in regional cooperation and were part of a broader trend of internationalization in the police. Conferences became a forum for joint planning and advocacy. In Finland, Nordic collaboration was regarded important, driven by professional needs and common threats. Police leadership sought to build personal networks, enhance cooperation to prevent crime, and improve domestic operations. The conferences provided ideas for the development of policing in Finland and strengthened cooperation and relations between police officers. Not all the plans were realized before the outbreak of the Second World War, but the conferences laid the foundations for cooperation after the war.
Rikoksen polulta museoon. Rikosmuseon perustaminen ja toiminnan alkuvaiheet 1930–1940-luvuilla
Authors: Vitikainen Juha
Published: February 2025

Suomalaisten museoiden joukosta löytyy monenlaisia mielikuvia herättävä vanha erikoismuseo, Rikosmuseo. Museo on kuitenkin jäänyt lähes täysin tuntemattomaksi paitsi suurelle yleisölle, myös museoammattilaisille ja alan tutkijoille. Tässä kirjoituksessa tarkastellaan Rikosmuseon alkuvaiheita ja sen perustamista keskusrikospoliisin edeltäjän rikostutkimuskeskuksen (RTK) yhteyteen vuonna 1936. Tarkasteluajanjaksona on erityisesti 1930–1940-luvut, jotka ovat merkittäviä museon rikoshistoriallisen kokoelman karttumiselle sekä sille yleiselle mielikuvalle, mikä museosta syntyi. Katsaus Rikosmuseon historiaan avaa osaltaan uutta näkökulmaa poliisin asiantuntijaviraston, RTK:n, toimintaan sekä poliisin koulutukseen. 
The Finnish Crime Museum, with its long history and wide variety of interesting items, evokes exciting associations of the history of crime. The museum has, however, remained relatively obscure to the general public, museum professionals and scholars alike. This article explores the founding and early development of the museum, which was established in 1936 at the Crime Investigation Centre, predecessor of the current National Bureau of Investigation. The discussion focuses on the 1930s and 1940s, during which the basis of the crime history collection was created and a general perception of the museum took form. The history of the Crime Museum also provides new perspectives on the Crime Investigation Centre as an expert bureau within the police force, and its role in police education is also discussed.
Valmistavasta tutkinnasta poliisitutkintapöytäkirjoihin – 1800-luvun viranomaispöytäkirjat tarkastelussa
Authors: Palokangas Katja
Published: February 2025

Tässä artikkelissa esittelen seitsemän 1800-luvulla sattunutta henkirikosta, joissa tehtiin viranomaisen suorittama tutkinta tapauksesta. Tutkimuksen alussa sitä kutsuttiin valmistavaksi tutkinnaksi, lopussa poliisitutkinnaksi. Keskityn artikkelissani tuon tutkinnan tuottamaan aineistoon eli tutkintapöytäkirjoihin ja niissä erityisesti siihen, millaisia asiakirjoja ne olivat ja miten ne muuttuivat tutkittavalla ajalla sekä millä tavalla poliisiviranomaiset kohtasivat tai kirjasivat tiedot henkilöistä, jotka olivat mieleltään sairaita. Lisäksi kerron pöytäkirjojen laatijoista sekä heidän toimenkuvastaan virkamiehinä ja rikospaikalle menevinä tutkijoina. Tutkimuksessa selviää, että 1800-luvun loppua kohden pöytäkirjat virallistuivat ja yhtenäistyivät niin sisällöllisesti kuin rakenteellisestikin.
In this article, I present seven homicides in the 19th century that were investigated by the authorities. In the beginning of the period it was called preliminary investigation, later police investigation. I will focus on the material produced by that investigation, namely the investigation reports, and in particular on the nature of the documents, how they changed during the period under investigation, and the way in which the police encountered or obtained information about persons who were considered as mentally ill. I will also discuss the authors of the protocols and their role as officers and investigators at the scene of the crime. The study reveals that towards the end of the 19th century, the protocols became more formalised and interconnected, both in terms of content and structure.
”Kun virkapukuinen henkilö nimenomaan häntä käski” – poliisien toiminta laittomuuden rajamailla 1930-luvulla
Authors: Ovaskainen Pirjo
Published: February 2025

Poliisien tekemät rikokset ovat jääneet suomalaisessa historiantutkimuksessa vähälle huomiolle, eikä aihe ole aikaisemmin kiinnostanut tutkijoita. Tässä tutkimuksessa nostetaan esille kaksi erilaista tapausta 1930-luvun Suomesta, joissa poliisit ovat toimineet joko laillisuuden rajamailla tai jopa lakia rikkoen. Tapahtumat joko sijoittuvat anniskeluravintolaan tai poliisin kohteena oli anniskeluravintola. Tämän artikkelin tavoitteena on pohtia, syyllistyivätkö poliisit laittomuuksiin sen aikaisen lainsäädännön valossa ja, jos syyllistyivät, millaisia rangaistuksia heille olisi pitänyt antaa. Yhteiskunta oli tuolloin poliittisesti kahtia jakaantunut ja se vaikutti myös poliisien identiteettiin, koulutukseen ja toimintaan. Arvostus poliisia kohtaan oli vaihtelevaa, samoin kuin oli itse poliisivoimien aines. Menetelmällisesti tutkimus nojautuu tapaustutkimukseen, tarkemmin välineelliseen tapaustutkimukseen (collective case study). Tutkimuksen perusteella voidaan sanoa poliisien syyllistyneen vähintään rikkeisiin, mutta myös rikoksiin. Heitä ei kuitenkaan koskaan syytetty eivätkä siten saaneet tuomiota kyseisistä tapauksista. 
Crimes committed by the police have received only little attention in Finnish historical research. Historians have not been interested in the subject. This study highlights two different cases from Finland in the 1930s where police officers have acted either on the verge of legality or even in against of the law. The incidents either took place in a licensed restaurant or target were licensed restaurant. The aim of this article is to consider whether the police officers committed unlawful acts in light of the legislation of the time and if so, what punishments they should have been given. In some respects, society and attitudes towards police in the 1930s were very different from today´s. The society were politically divided which also affected the training and job of police officers. Respect for the police was varied, as were the elements of the police force itself. Methodologically, the study is based on a case study, more specifically an instrumental case study. Based on the research, it can be said that the police have committed at least violations, but also crimes. However, they were never charged and therefore did not receive a conviction in those cases.
”Bobbyjen” ihannevaltakunta. Suomalaisen poliisin käsityksiä Britannian virkaveljistä maailmansotien välillä
Authors: Vares Vesa
Published: February 2025

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan suomalaisen poliisin kuvaa Britannian poliisista, sen tehtävistä, asemasta, menestyksestä ja vaikutuksesta omassa yhteiskunnassaan maailmansotien välisellä ajalla. Lähteenä on käytetty ajan suomalaisia poliisin ammattilehtiä. Arkistotasolle tämän kaltainen ilmiö ei ole jättänyt lähteitä. Brittiläinen poliisi edusti suomalaiselle poliisille monella tasolla roolimallin arvoista hahmoa. Englannin poliisi oli tehokas, toimiva ja käytännöllinen, sen nauttima suosio kansalaisten keskuudessa ja materiaalinen asema olivat paremmat kuin Suomessa, ja brittiläisissä tavoissa oli oma pikantti eksotiikkansa. Britanniaa pidettiin edelläkävijänä myös naispoliisien merkityksen osalta. Englannista löytyi esikuvallisuutta myös poliisin ay-henkisille jäsenille. ”Bobbyjen” kansansuosiota ihailtiin ja suorastaan idealisoitiin, samoin Scotland Yardin ammatillista mahtavuutta. Tämä muistutti suuresti sitä, millainen kuva Britanniasta oli suomalaisten poliitikkojen ja muiden yhteiskuntasektorien piirissä. Viime kädessä Britannia oli kuitenkin kaukana, ja suora vaikutus tai suorat kontaktit jäivät niukoiksi. Saksa ja Pohjoismaat olivat viime kädessä arjessa ja ammatissa tutumpia suomalaiselle poliisille.         
This article looks into the image which the Finnish police entertained about the British colleagues between the World Wars: the tasks, position, success and influence of these in the British society. The article uses the Finnish policemen’s professional periodicals as its source. The British policeman was often considered as a worthy role model by his Finnish colleagues. He was considered efficient, functional and to have practical common sense, and his popularity among the public and his material circumstances exceeded those of the Finnish policemen. There was seen some fascinating exoticism in the British traditions and manners as well. Britain was considered to be one of the frontrunners also in advancing the cause of women in the police forces, and it even gave an example of trade union movement among the policemen. The popularity of the “bobbies” among the public was admired and even idealized, and so was the professional might of Scotland Yard. However, at the end of the day Britain was far from Finland, and direct influence and direct contacts remained scarce. Germany and Scandinavia were more familiar to the Finnish police in day-to-day professional practices.
Kaikkihan me ollaan sotilaiden lapsia
Authors: Kalleinen Kristiina
Published: February 2025

-
Tutkijat vastaavat: miksi antiikintutkimusta tarvitaan
Authors: Rajala Ulla
Published: February 2025

Kirja-arvostelu teoksesta Marke Ahonen & Mika Perälä & Ville Vuolanto: Antiikki ja me: Miksi antiikintutkimusta tarvitaan. Gaudeamus, 2024. 440 s.
Kenen aloitteesta Turun poliisilaitos perustettiinkaan? Motiivit ja seuraukset
Authors: Soikkanen Timo
Published: February 2025

Suomalaisessa poliisia koskevassa historiankirjoituksessa nähdään laajasti Turun poliisi-laitoksen tulleen perustetuksi Venäjän viranomaisten aloitteesta 1816 ilman keskustelua. Näkemys on harhaanjohtava. Aloitteen suunnitteli ja teki hallituskonseljin kansliatoimikunnan päällikkö (nykytermen pääministeri) Carl Erik Mannerheim keväällä 1813, ja siitä keskusteltiin normaalisti hallituskonseljissa. Mannerheimin motiivina oli toimia vastoin uudistuksia, joita Puolan hallinnossa ja poliisijärjestyksessä toteutettiin samanaikaisesti. Oli viimeinen hetki saada entisen emämaan ja perustuslakien hengen mukainen poliisijärjestys. Mannerheim ja prokuraattori Matias Calonius muotoilivat ohjesäännön lähinnä Tukholman poliisilaitoksen esimerkin mukaan. Mannerheim oli ollut keskeisin henkilö Porvoon valtiopäivien ja Ruotsin vallan aikaisten perustuslakien saamisessa; nyt hän oli toistamassa samaa pienimuotoisempana. Baltiansaksalaisena kenraalikuvernööri Steinheil osasi ruotsia ja arvosti sen hallintotraditiota. Vuosina 1812/13 ei Venäjän taholta ilmennyt painostusta poliisilaitoksen perustamiseen Suomeen. Napoleonin kukistaminen ja Euroopan asioiden järjestely viivytti Aleksanteri I:n hyväksyntää yli kolme vuotta. Mannerheimin ja Caloniuksen aloitteen hyväksyntä joulukuussa 1816 merkitsi Tukholman mallin mukaista poliisilaitosta. Tapahtuma sai jatkossa suuren merkityksen Suomen historiassa: sen seurauksena Helsinki (1826) ja Viipuri (1836) saivat niin ikään Tukholman malliset poliisilaitokset, vaikka dekabristikapinan pelästyttämä Nikolai I edusti täysin toisenlaista ajattelua ja Venäjä eli toisenlaista aikakautta.
In Finnish research, it is widely believed that the Turku police department was established by Russian authorities in 1816 without discussion. This view is misleading. The initiative came from Carl Erik Mannerheim, head of the Economic Division in the Governing Council, in spring 1813. His goal was to counter simultaneous reforms in Poland’s administration and police system. Mannerheim and Procurator Matthias Calonius drafted the regulations based on Stockholm’s police. Mannerheim had played a key part in convening the Diet of Porvoo and preserving Sweden’s constitutional laws and was now repeating the process on a smaller scale. As a Baltic German, Governor-General Steinheil valued Swedish administrative traditions. In 1812–1813, Russia did not push for a police department in Finland. The defeat of Napoleon and reorganization in Europe delayed Alexander I’s approval for over three years. When approved in December 1816, the model followed Stockholm’s police. This had significant consequences for Finnish history: as a result, Helsinki (1826) and Vyborg (1836) police departments were also based on the Stockholm model, even though Nicholas I represented a completely different ideology, and Russia was entering a different era.
Suomalaisen poliisihistorian uusi aikakausi
Authors: Piipponen Marko , Pitkänen Juho
Published: February 2025

Numeron vierailevat päätoimittajat ovat Itä-Suomen yliopiston väitöskirjatutkija Marko Piipponen (markopii@uef.fi) ja Turun yliopiston väitöskirjatutkija Juho Pitkänen (juho.j.pitkanen@utu.fi).
Effectiveness of Assertiveness Training on Self-esteem and Assertiveness among Nursing Students
Authors: Anuradha Kumari  , Nanda Kumar Paniyadi  , Priyanka Singh  , Roshna Lytton  , Dishani Harh
Published: February 2025

Background: Assertiveness is a communication style based on taking a stand for your rights, expressing your thoughts, beliefs & feelings honestly and directly. It facilitates understanding and promotes a balanced relationship, reducing communication-based malpractices in nursing. Evaluating the effectiveness of assertiveness training among B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing students on assertiveness and self-esteem was the aim of this study.
Method: An assertiveness training program was prepared and implemented on 45 nursing students via a one-day, 3-hour interactive face-to-face workshop after the pre-test. Once in a week, follow-up was done for 4 weeks.  Post-tests were done on 7th and 30th day after the intervention. Data collection tools were Begley and Glacken’s Assertiveness Scale and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale.
Result: The participants’ mean assertiveness score increased from pre-test 68.69±6.57 to post-test173.67±5.71 to post-test275.00±5.52. Self-esteem scores increased from pre-test15.22±3.84 to post-test116.98±2.64 to post-test219.31±3.27. A significant increase in the scores was seen in ANOVA and post hoc analysis (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Assertiveness training can be an effective measure of improving self-esteem and teaching assertive communication skills to nursing students. This will help in producing assertive nurses in the future.
Facilitating Nursing Students’ Clinical Education Continuity Utilizing Collaborative Critical Friendship Approach: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Siham M. Al-Momani  , Yahya W. Najjar  , Maissa’ T. Shawagfeh  , Alaa A. Bsool  , Abeer A. AL-Zayyat  , Maha D. Hdaib  , Munadel R. Al-Khatib  , Ayat Da’seh
Published: February 2025

Background: Persisted clinical changes in response to COVID-19 obliged nursing education faculties to search for the best quality approaches in clinical nursing education. The critical friendship approach is utilized as a mutual peer learning approach aimed to help the nursing students who participated in the study to adequately achieve their curriculum objectives, and meet the policies and procedures inflected in clinical education without any additional staff, time, or cost. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of a new mutual peer learning clinical teaching-learning approach “critical friendship” approach.
Methods: the study design was a quasi-posttest-only static–group design, and conducted in dedicated education units - Acute care units in two dedicated education practice placements, four units in each practice placement with 32-bed inpatient. First and second years of associate degree nursing students participated in this study. An innominate self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data.
 Results: The senior and junior students positively evaluated their experiences in participation in the piloted approach. Furthermore, implementing the piloted approach did not affect the policies and procedures of clinical education and the clinical training passed as it was supposed to be without any additional staff, time, or cost. The critical friendship approach made nursing students more self-confident, safe, relaxed, and more committed to the nursing code of ethics with a strong emphasis on privacy to self and others during clinical training. 
Conclusion: It is essential to be actively engaged in such learning methodologies as the critical friendship approach. To form a higher quality and safer learning environment, further planning based on appropriate systematic evaluation, using larger groups of students and educators, the effect of the critical friendship approach on patient satisfaction and students’ learning outcomes is recommended.
Gap between Theory and Practice in the Nursing Education: Perception among College of Nursing Students in Kuwait
Authors: Delles Helen Emmanuel  , Chitra Vellolikalam  , Abeer William Aziz Saad  , Marzieh Hosseini
Published: February 2025

Background: Nursing education typically includes instruction in both theoretical and practical aspects of nursing, integrating classroom learning with clinical practice. The most common reasons included that the theory was about building a knowledge base while practice was about learning nursing skills. The success of an education program requires examining the extent to which the knowledge has been efficiently used in the work place to raise the quality of work performance and checking the extent to which one feels that his or her performance has improved; these factors are affected by the amount of learning transfer.
Methods: This descriptive design was used to study to identify the gap between theory and practice of nursing students at the college of Nursing (PAAET), Kuwait. Totally 83 female students and 59 male students participated in this study.
Results: The study results found that, the responds of students in theory, practice and learning experience for all statements are not equally distributed. The p value corresponding to the demographic variable Gender is less than 0.05 and is significant at 5% level and hence there is significant difference between the mean theory scores of male and female students.
Conclusion: The researchers concluded that, theory and practice gap was proven among nursing students.
The influence of zero tillage and the effectiveness of various grain cropping rotation schemes in the flocked grain rainfed of Uzbekistan
Authors:   Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) of Agricultural Sciences, Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan, Khaydarov B.D. , Rustamov S.S. ,   Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Bakhmals Scientific Experimental Station, Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan, Mavlanov J.S. ,   Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) of Agricultural Sciences, Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2025

The use of an optimal system of main and pre-sowing tillage is the most important and decisive agrotechnical measure for obtaining stable and high yields of grain and other products in rainfed farming conditions. The use of minimal and resource-saving soil cultivation technology improves its properties, rainfed areas are used especially effectively, and the yield and quality of grain increases. In this regard, through the effective use of soil moisture, maintaining soil fertility and increasing the yield of grain crops.
Modern methods in the treatment of hypospadias head type
Authors:   Professor, Department of Pediatric Surgery No. 2, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Makhmudovich Akhmedov Yusuf , Nizomovich Mavlonov Nurbek ,   Assistant, Department of Pediatric Surgery No. 2, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Ortikovich Turayev Sukhrob ,   Resident, Department of Pediatric Surgery No. 2, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Uktamovich Mukhsinov Sardorbek ,   Assistant, Department of Pediatric Surgery No. 2, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2025

Hypospadias, a congenital condition characterized by an abnormal location of the urethral opening, remains a challenging anomaly in pediatric surgery. Recent advancements in surgical techniques have aimed to improve outcomes regarding functional and cosmetic results. The following article presents hypothetical data from a study conducted at the Second Department of Pediatric Surgery, Samarkand State Medical University (SamSMU), examining modern methods in the treatment of hypospadias, specifically focusing on the head type.
The tradition of metaphorical interpretation in Turkish folk songs
Authors:   Master’s student, 2nd year, Linguistics (Turkish-English), Department of "Higher School of Turkology," Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, qizi Babajanova Marjona Zarif
Published: February 2025

In this article, a semantic classification of metaphors used in Turkish folk songs was carried out. We hope that our article will be of interest to other young scholars who wish to conduct research on various aspects of the relationship between language, art and metaphor.