bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salt Loading Alters the Composition of Urinary Protein in Pregnant Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Kurokawa Tatsuro , Shimokawa Hiroshi , Matsukuma Keita , Ishida Kiyoshi , Miyamoto Shingo , Nakano Hitoo
Published: August 2010

The influence of salt loading on the composition of urinary protein in pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was examined. The amount of daily urinary protein increased significantly in salt loaded pregnant SHR, compared to that in pregnant SHR given tap water. The composition of urinary protein changed from a low molecular weight protein dominant pattern to a 71 × 103molecular weight protein dominant pattern at 13 days of gestation in salt loaded SHR. In SHR given only tap water, the composition of urinary protein remained unaltered during pregnancy. Histology of the kidneys from both groups showed a normal architecture. The results suggest that excessive salt intake during pregnancy may affect the glomerular permeability to large molecular weight protein.
The Effect of an Antiprogestin Compound (RU486) on Gonadotropin and Prolactin Release in vivo
Authors: Arakawa Satoko , Ohkawa Tomi , Kambegawa Akira , Okinaga Shoichi , Arai Kiyoshi
Published: August 2010

We administered oil (group A), 5 mg of progesterone (P4) (group B), or 5 mg of P4+5mg of RU486 (antiprogestin) (group C) to castrated female rats treated with estradiol benzoate (EB). Serum LH, FSH, and prolactin (PRL) levels 24 hr after the injections were measured by specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods. Serum LH levels of group B were significantly lower than those of groups A and C, but serum levels of FHS and PRL showed different patterns. We administered oil (group D) or 5 mg of RU486 (group E) to normal cycling female rats. The serum levels of LH, FSH, and PRL of group E were higher than those of group D.

These results confirmed that P4 had an inhibitory effect on LH release in spayed rats pretreated with EB and in normal rats with estrous cycles. The FSH and PRL levels are reportedly depressed by an intrinsic surge of P4 in normal rats during estrous cycles. And this inhibitory effect of P4 on the hypothalamo‐pituitary system was canceled by RU486.

No significant difference was observed in pituitary weight or pituitary content of LH and FSH in this series of experiments.
Bleeding as a Consequence of Chorion Villus Sampling
Authors: Liu David T. Y. , Jeavons B. , Preston C. , Slater E. , Symonds E. M.
Published: August 2010

A series of 4 separate studies were conducted to assess the incidence and short term consequence of bleeding associated with chorion villus sampling. Results support previous reports that risk of foetal‐maternal transfusion as suggested by a rise in maternal serum α‐fetoprotein (MSAFP) can occur. This occurrence is not consistent and need not be obvious even after therapeutic abortion. It is also transient and did not complicate mid‐trimester neural tube screening or subsequent course of pregnancy.

Eighty‐seven percent of blood contaminating villus samples are of maternal origin.

Following diagnosis 37% of patients reported some vaginal bleeding. This is mainly in the form of spotting which did not preclude normal pregnancy. Foetal loss occurred in 4 of the patients when bleeding considered heavier than spotting continued.

In rhesus negative patients prophylactic anti‐D γ‐globulin is advised, since neither Kleihauer counts nor MSAFP estimation reliably detect all foetal‐maternal transfusions.
Birth from Replacement of Frozen‐Thawed Embryos after Failure of Gamete Intra‐Fallopian Transfer: A Successful Pregnancy Case
Authors: Wong P. C. , Ng S. C. , Hamilton M.P.R. , Chan C.L.K. , Bongso T. A. , Ratnam S. S.
Published: August 2010

The patient was 8 years subfertile and had failed other forms of treatment when she was enrolled in the GIFT program. Of the total of 16 oocytes recovered 4 were transferred and the remaining 12 inseminated with her husband's sperm. Four resulting embryos were frozen. When she did not conceive, the 4 embryos were thawed 3 months later and replaced into her. She conceived and recently delivered a pair of twins. The protocol will be discussed in detail. Cryopreservation of embryos therefore may increase the patient's chance of pregnancy in a GIFT program.
Gonadal Dysgenesis: A Review of 15 Years Management
Authors: Tang Grace W. K. , Ma Ho‐Kei
Published: August 2010

Fifteen years' experience in a Menstrual Disorder Clinic revealed that gonadal dysgenesis was the commonest cause of primary amenorrhoea. Investigations using Barr Body study and laparoscopic examination were unsatisfactory and inaccurate. The invasive nature of laparoscopy was the likely principal cause for the high default rate in the early years of the Clinic. The availability of hormone radioimmunoassay and cytogenetic study has improved the diagnostic acuity. Gonadal malignancy associated with the “Y” chromosome could also be identified at its early stage. Oestrogen replacement therapy has been found to be beneficial and is associated with little side effects and no endometrial pathology has been identified.
The Development of a Computer‐Aided Perinatal Information System
Authors: Hara Kazuhiro , Yanagihara Toshihiro , Kaneko Yoshiharu , Jimbo Toshiharu
Published: August 2010

In the perinatal center of Kagawa Medical School, we have newly developed and introduced a computer‐aided perinatal information system to realize an ideal management system for high‐risk pregnancies. The system comprises 5 microcomputer subsystems. With this system, not only can the continuous full monitoring of the fetus during labor and delivery be easily realized, but also can the management of outpatients and perinatal statistics. This system also supports the telephone line network. Further, we have developed a highly convenient portable CTG that can easily be operated by the patient at home. Through the use of this portable CTG and the computer system, the information about fetal heart rate and uterine contractions of high‐risk pregnancy can be easily and directly transmitted to the hospital from the patient's home. This system is indispensable to reducing the perinatal morbidity and mortality.
An Alternative Approach to Assisted Vaginal Breech Delivery
Authors: Arulkumaran S. , Thavarasah A. S. , Ingemarsson I. , Ratnam S. S.
Published: August 2010

The immediate neonatal outcome by 2 different methods of assisted vaginal breech delivery was studied. In group A, spontaneous expulsion only up to the hip was allowed with one contraction and bearing down efforts; the rest of the baby was delivered with assistance with the next contraction and bearing down efforts. In group B the mother was allowed to expel the fetus up to the shoulders (with assistance) during one contraction and bearing down efforts, followed by assisted delivery of the head with the next uterine contraction and bearing down efforts. A decline in fetal blood pH (>0.10) from the onset of delivery to cord arterial blood pH was more common in group B compared to group A; the difference being almost statistically significant (p=0.54). Newborns with 1 min Apgar score <4 and with a need for assisted ventilation were significantly more common in group B (p<0.05). Exposure, stretching and compression of the umbilical cord for a longer time and possible separation of the placenta in group B may be the reason for such an outcome. Further studies are needed to establish the possible advantage of the method of delivery adapted in group A.
Clinical Presentation, Hormonal Profiles and Ultrasonic Ovarian Morphology in Women with Suspected Polycystic Ovarian Disease*
Authors: Rojanasakul Aram , Sirimongkolkasem Rudi , Tongyai Tongtis , Piromsawasdi Samarn , Sumavong Varavudh , Chailurkit La‐or
Published: August 2010

The aim of this study is to determine the clinical presentation, hormonal profiles and ultrasonic ovarian morphology in a group of Thai women with polycystic ovarian disease. The patients consisted of 54 women who had abnormal menstruation, androgenic symptoms, LH to FSH ratio of at least 3 and normal serum prolactin. The clinical and hormonal profiles of the patients were similar to the previous reports from developed countries. The typical ultrasonic cystic appearance of the ovaries was observed in about two‐thirds of the patients. The patients with cystic ovaries had lower mean body weight but higher mean serum LH and FSH than the control group.
Ethics in Infertility Management: Asian Aspects
Authors: Pandit Ramesh D.
Published: August 2010

Rapid strides have been made in the management of infertility with newer and advanced techniques. The acceptability of the procedure, the immediate and remote outcome are linked with different aspects in different countries and nations. The new discipline of bio‐ethics deals with the ethical implications of biological phenomenon as manipulated or encountered by the science of medicine. Ethical problems encountered in management of infertility in Asian region are discussed.
Estrone Sulfatase Activity in Normal and Neoplastic Endometrial Tissues of Human Uterus
Authors: Urabe Mamoru , Yamamoto Takara , Naitoh Kazuo , Honjo Hideo , Okada Hiroji
Published: August 2010

Estrone sulfatase activity was measured in normal and neoplastic endometrial tissues of human uterus. The tissue homogenates were incubated in air with [3H] estrone sulfate (E1‐S, 20 μM) at 37·C for 30 min. After the enzyme reaction was terminated with ethyl ether, the ethyl ether extract was purified by thin‐layer chromatography. The apparent Km of sulfatase was 3.0 μM, and the maximum velocity was 14.7 nmol/h/mg protein. Estrone sulfatase activity in endometrial tissues was detected throughout the menstrual cycle with no significant change. Moreover, estrone sulfatase activity in endometrial cells was not stimulated by the addition of progestogen. The enzyme activity in cancer tissue was significantly higher than in normal tissue. Thus we concluded that this enzyme may play a role in regulating the estrogen action by sifting the intracellular equilibrium between free estrogens and estrogen sulfates. We also concluded that in the endometrial cancer tissue, sulfatase appears to act on local production of estrone.
Meconium Peritonitis Due to Meconium Ileus Presenting as Fetal Ascites: A Case Report
Authors: Rachagan S. P. , Lim C. T. , Chang K. W. , Kwan B. B.
Published: August 2010

A case of meconium peritonitis due to meconium ileus is described. The condition was detected antenatally as fetal ascites on ultrasonography. Plain X‐ray of abdomen post‐natally showed specks of calcification mainly at the flanks, while on ultrasonography specks of high echogenic areas were seen throughout the abdomen which has been described as “snow‐storm sign”. The aetiology of meconium ileus is briefly discussed.
Vaginal Delivery in First Pregnancy Following a Primary Caesarean Section
Authors: Ojo Vincent A. , Okwerekwu Francis O.
Published: August 2010

A retrospective study was performed on 131 women who had trial of scar in their first pregnancies following a primary caesarean section. The vaginal delivery rate was 81.7% and this rate was not significantly influenced by the indication for the previous caesarean section. It is advocated that patients for trial of scar should be selected on individual merits rather than on the nature of the indication for previous caesarean section.
Recurrent Pancreatitis in the Third Trimester in 2 Consecutive Pregnancies—Its Relationship to Liver Histology: A Case Report
Authors: Minakami Hisanori , Nakayama Hiroshi , Yano Hitoshi , Tamada Taro , Yasuda Yoshikazu , Hirota Norio
Published: August 2010

A 20‐year‐old woman who had recurrent pancreatitis in the third trimester in 2 consecutive pregnancies was reported. Her liver histology was indistinguishable from acute fatty liver of pregnancy, although she showed no clinical signs. The relationship between idiopathic acute pancreatitis during pregnancy and acute fatty liver of pregnancy was discussed.
Leukoencephalopathy Following Treatment with Carmofur: A Case Report and Review of the Japanese Literature
Authors: Yamada Takashi , Okamura Shinsuke , Okazaki Tadashi , Ushiroyama Takahisa , Yanagawa Yasuhiko , Ueki Minoru , Sugimoto Osamu , Yamazaki Hidetomo , Sugino Masakazu , Masui Yoshikazu
Published: August 2010

A 53‐year‐old woman was treated with 5 courses of CAP treatment following operation for FIGO Stage Ia cancer of the ovary in September 1986. And in April 1987, she started an oral adjuvant chemotherapy with 400 mg/day of carmofur. In early June, she developed vertigo and dysarthia and was hospitalized. A CT scan showed low‐density areas adjacent to both lateral ventricles, and an EEG revealed abnormally slow waves. She improved gradually after carmofur was discontinued and left the hospital in October 1987.

There have been 24 reported cases of leukoencephalopathy because of carmofur in Japan, but the pathophysiological mechanism involved is not known. Since it is more common in women than in men, its incidence will probably increase in gynecological patients. Therefore, we must be on the lookout for central nervous system signs and symptoms in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with carmofur.
Plasma Concentrations of Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide at Vaginal Delivery and Elective Cesarean Section
Authors: Okamoto Eisaku , Otsuki Yoshiro , Iwata Itsuko , Nishino Eriko , Mitsuda Nobuaki , Takagi Tetsu , Sugita Nagatoshi , Tanizawa Osamu
Published: August 2010

The change in plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) at delivery was examined by measuring the concentrations of hANP in plasma samples from 21 subjects after 36 weeks of normal pregnancy, 22 subjects after normal spontaneous delivery and 20 subjects after elective cesarean section. The maternal plasma concentration of hANP after normal delivery (38.0 · 8.2 fmol/ml, mean · S.E.M.) was significantly higher than that after 36 weeks of normal pregnancy (16.8 · 2.3 fmol/ml), but its concentration after cesarean section was not different from that after 36 weeks of pregnancy. After normal delivery, the plasma concentration of hANP in the umbilical artery (66.9 · 11.8 fmol/ml) was also significantly higher than that in the umbilical vein (35.1 · 7.3 fmol/ml). In contrast, after elective cesarean section, the hANP levels in the umbilical artery and vein were not significantly different. These results suggest that hANP secretion into the maternal and fetal circulation may be stimulated by the dynamic movement of the mother in labour and the stress of the fetus at delivery, respectively.
Biparietal Diameter of Nepalese Foetus in Different Periods of Gestation by Ultrasonography
Authors: Dali Sanu M. , Shrestha Basanta L.
Published: August 2010

This study presents an analysis of 316 primigravidas with their known date of last menstruation. These cases have been attending antenatal clinic from 14 to 40 weeks of gestation. The mean BPD (Biparietal Diameter) values and percentile values were calculated. It was observed that there is a steep rise of growth up to 31 weeks and thereafter a gradual rise up to 40 weeks. The maximum BPD from 31 to 40 weeks was 90.9 mm whereas western workers like Hansmann and Campbell reported 99 mm and 98.1 mm, respectively. Several factors like nutrition and hereditary may have influenced the foetus after 30 weeks leading to low birth weight in our newborns.
Patent Omphalomesenteric Duct: A Case Report and Review of Japanese Literature
Authors: Yamada Takashi , Seiki Yasuo , Ueda Masatsugu , Yoshikawa Takuji , Sempuku Sadahiro , Kurokawa Akio , Nakata Katsuji
Published: August 2010

Patent omphalomesenteric duct (umbilical enteric fistula) was diagnosed in a 7‐day‐old infant. The duct closed spontaneously, but at the age of 4 months the infant was readmitted for a resection of the duct.

A review of the literature disclosed that 65 cases of patent omphalomesenteric duct have been reported in Japan. The male/female ratio was 2.8: 1. Ten out of 36 infants (27.8%) were premature. Surgery was performed in as many patients as possible—55 out of 59 cases (93.2%). The ducts averaged 3.8 cm in length and 1.1 cm in diameter. Errant gastric mucosa was found in 3 out of 30 cases (10.0%). Prolapse of the ileum was present in 28 out of 53 patients (52.8%)—a relatively high incidence. Ten out of 55 patients died (18.2%); 8 of these had a prolapse of the ileum.

In view of the high mortality rate of patients with a prolapse of the ileum and the strong possibility of intestinal obstruction, patent omphalomesenteric ducts should be resected surgically.
Tubal Cyst Following Tubal Sterilization: A Delayed Complication
Authors: Lin Ho‐Hsiung , Hwang Wen‐Jang , Ho Hong‐Nerng , Hshieh Fon‐Jou , Lee Tzu‐Yao , How Shu‐Wen
Published: August 2010

Clinical pictures and histopathological findings in 15 patients of tubal cyst following tubal sterilization were analyzed. The interval between tubal sterilization and occurrence of tubal cyst was 10 years (ranged from 4 to 21 years). Clinically 8 cases (53%) suffered from lower abdominal pain, 5 cases (33%) from hypermenorrhea coexistent with uterine myoma and 2 cases (13%) from irregular menstruation. Five out of 9 patients with ultrasound examination were suspected to have tubal cyst before operation. The size of tubal cyst ranged from 1.5 to 9.0 cm in diameter with mean 3.4 cm. Eleven were unilateral and 4 were bilateral. Histologically they showed flattened mucosal epithelial cells with absence of epithelial plica, compression atrophy of muscular layer, suture stitch or granuloma and intact fimbria with clear serous fluid. Thus, the differential diagnosis of adnexal cyst in patients with a past history of tubal sterilization should include tubal cyst.
Hepatocellular Lipofuscin in Pre‐Eclampsia
Authors: Minakami Hisanori , Kimura Kozo , Tamada Taro , Yasuda Yoshikazu , Hirota Norio
Published: August 2010

Thirty liver specimens from 30 pre‐eclamptic women with and without liver dysfunction were examined for the amount of lipofuscin pigment deposited. The amount of hepatic lipofuscin correlated positively with plasma urate concentrations. This finding may indicate an involvement of oxygen‐free radicals and xanthine oxidase in the pathophysiology of pre‐eclampsia.
Metabolism of Amniotic Fluid Dopamine by Fetal Membranes
Authors: Kawada Akinori , Kudo Takafumi , Kishimoto Yasuo
Published: August 2010

The concentrations of L‐dopa, three catecholamines and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were measured both in the amniotic fluid and the fetal urine obtained at term elective cesarean section, using high performance liquid chromotography with electrochemical detection. Dopamine was the major compound in the fetal urine, while DOPAC predominated in the amniotic fluid. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was detected in the fetal membranes by the method of Wurthman and Axelrod. MAO activities in the amnion, chorion and decidua were 0.023·0.003, 0.180·0.05 and 2.69·0.66 nmol/mg protein/min (meanSE), respectively. Incubation experiments, using fetal membranes with human amniotic fluid, demonstrated that dopamine in amniotic fluid was metabolized to DOPAC by fetal membranes. Additional incubation experiments with pargyline, a MAO inhibitor, showed that it strongly inhibited the conversion of dopamine into DOPAC. These results suggest that the dopamine in amniotic fluid was metabolized to DOPAC by MAO in the fetal membranes. This mechanism may regulate the dopamine concentration in amniotic fluid.
A Rise in the Biologically Active LH: Immunologically Active LH (B/I) Ratio during the Normal Luteal Phase
Authors: Tennekoon Kamani H. , Lenton Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2010

Biologically active (bio) LH concentrations and immunologically active (immuno) LH concentrations were measured in integrated hourly blood samples collected over 24 h study periods (n=27) and in 5 min blood samples collected over 2 h study periods (n=21) during different stages of the menstrual cycle in a group of regularly cyclic women. Episodic fluctuations were seen in both the bio LH and immuno LH concentrations in hourly as well as in 5 min data series. However, there was no consistent correlation between episodes of bio LH and immuno LH. Mean B/I ratio over the 24 h study periods as well as over the 2 h study periods were significantly higher during the luteal phase than during either the follicular phase (p<0.002) or the mid cycle (p<0.02).
Coital Urinary Incontinence in an Australian Population
Authors: Korda Andrew , Cooper Michael , Hunter Peter
Published: August 2010

A total of 1,012 patients referred to 4 urodynamic centres were questioned, and subsequently investigated. Coital incontinence was present in 192 of the 839 (23%), who were sexually active. Ninety‐five patients (49%) had the urodynamic diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence, alone or in association with cystocoele or interstitial cystitis. Fifty‐one (26.6%) had urodynamically proven detrusor instability with or without interstitial cystitis. Forty‐five (23.4%) had dual pathology as the final urodynamic diagnosis.
The Simultaneous Use of Autologous Blood Transfusion and Hypotensive Anesthesia to the Radical Hysterectomy for Uterine Carcinomas
Authors: Yamasaki Masato , Sawada Masumi , Urabe Takeshi , Okamoto Etsuji , Shimizu Hiromu , Takemura Masahiko , Ohama Koso
Published: August 2010

A homologous blood transfusion is often required to replace intraoperative blood loss in a radical hysterectomy. Recently, we have tried the simultaneous use of autotransfusion (predonation and transfusion of autologous blood) and hypotensive anesthesia to eliminate the homologous blood transfusion. Radical hysterectomy was done in 27 cases with uterine cancer from June 1986 to March 1987 at the Kure National Hospital.

A homologous blood transfusion was required in 1 of 5 cases with only autotransfusion, none of 5 cases with a simultaneous use of autotransfusion and hypotensive anesthesia, and 6 of 17 cases with neither autotransfusion nor hypotensive anesthesia.

The simultaneous use of autotransfusion and hypotensive anesthesia seemed to be effective in reducing the need for homologous blood transfusions.
The Prognostic Value of a Prior Spermatozoa Study for Human in vitro Fertilization
Authors: Tam P.P.L. , Loong E.P.L. , Chan C. , Chiu T. , Hui N.
Published: August 2010

Patients admitted for treatment of in vitro fertilization (IVF) were subjected to a semen investigation about 1–2 weeks prior to actual IVF and again during IVF. In addition to routine semen analyses, the recovery efficiency of motile spermatozoa by swim‐up technique and Percoll gradient separation, the level of semen lactate dehydrogenase and the viability of the spermatozoa in the insemination medium were also studied. There is a significant correlation between the result of the pre‐IVF analyses and that observed during IVF suggesting that a prior investigation of semen profile and sperm function is useful to screen potential IVF candidates. Among the various parameters, sperm motility in the semen and the swim‐up preparation, percent normal spermatozoa and in vitro viability were significantly related to the outcome of IVF.
Perinatal Risk Factors in Birth Asphyxia: Relationship of Obstetric and Neonatal Complications to Neonatal Mortality in 16,365 Consecutive Live Births
Authors: Mir Nisar A. , Faquih A. M. , Legnain M.
Published: August 2010

Over a period of one year, 16,365 consecutively live born neonates were prospectively studied for evidence of birth asphyxia using the requirement of greater than one minute of positive pressure ventilation for identifying infants suffering from birth asphyxia. Asphyxia occurred in 2.8% of all neonates. Multivariate analysis of high risk factors associated with increased risk of asphyxia showed that low birth weight was the most significant predictor of asphyxia: asphyxia occurred in 68% of infants of <1,000 g birth weight and decreased to 1.2% in infants of 3–4 kg birth weight. Perinatal risk factors associated with a higher incidence of asphyxia include: postmaturity, birth weight (2.5 kg) and with the presence of maternal and/or obstetric complications.

The impact of asphyxia on neonatal mortality was most pronounced in more mature infants and the mortality was increased 3 fold in infants of <34 week gestation and greater than 27 fold for infants >38 week gestation. Of the asphyxiated neonates, intrauterine growth retardation, fetal macrosomia, hypothermia, hyaline membrane disease, seizures, hypoglycemia and hyponatremia were significantly associated with an increased risk of death.
Non‐Steroidal Low Molecular Substance from Porcine Follicular Fluid Inhibits Aromatase Activity
Authors: Miyamura Kenji , Ogawa Takako , Narahara Hisashi , Mori Hiroyuki , Kigawa Tomonori
Published: August 2010

To clarify the underlying mechanism of the inhibitory control of the non‐steroidal substance from porcine follicular fluid on estradiol secretion by granulosa cells, the suppression of aromatase activity was studied in vitro. Follicular fluid from porcine small follicles was filtered through an Amicon PM‐10 membrane and a filtrate with a molecular weight of less than 10,000 was obtained. The filtrate was eluted on a Sephadex G‐25 column (1.5 × 70 cm) using 0.01N CH3COOH, pH 4.0 as the elution buffer. The fraction containing the first peak of peptide (Fraction A) was used for subsequent experiments. Human placental microsomal fraction was used for the aromatase source. Aromatase activity was examined by counting the radio‐activity of 3H2O converted from (1β, 2β 8H)‐testosterone. The conversion of 3H2O from (1β, 2β 3H)‐testosterone by rat's granulosa cells cultured in serum‐free medium was also examined. Fraction A significantly suppressed aromatase activity of placental microsomal fraction by 57% at 120 min, and by 38% at 180 min, in dose and time‐dependent manners. The aromatase activity of cultured rat granulosa cells was also inhibited by Fraction A in a dose‐dependent manner. These results demonstrate the presence of a low molecular non‐steroidal substance in the follicular fluid which is capable of inhibiting aromatase activity. This substance could provide important insights into the regulatory mechanism of differentiated functions of granulosa cells.
The Effects of Insulin Antibodies during Diabetic Pregnancy on Newborn Infants
Authors: Murata Kazuhira , Toyoda Nagayasu , Sugiyama Youichi
Published: August 2010

Levels of insulin antibody, free insulin, and total insulin in the blood of diabetic mothers and their newborn infants were measured, and the relations of these findings to perinatal complications were studied. The subjects were 35 patients: 8 treated with bovine/porcine insulin, 15 with porcine, and 12 with human insulin. Insulin antibody levels (insulin binding capacity; IBC) in patients injected with bovine/porcine insulin were higher. There was no difference in the insulin antibody levels between the groups treated with porcine and human insulin preparations. Infant insulin antibody levels were close to the mother's levels. Free insulin levels did not correlate with total insulin nor antibody levels, but correlated with plasma glucose levels in the infants. The birth weight did not correlate with insulin antibody levels. The frequency of neonatal hypoglycemia and cord hematocrit levels were increased when the mother's insulin antibody levels were over 20%.

We conclude the following: 1) Insulin antibodies are transferred through the placenta; 2) The risk of neonatal hypoglycemia is high if the mother's insulin antibody levels are high; 3) Bovine insulin preparations should not be used.
A Simple Regression Model for Estimating Gestational Age in Later Pregnancy by Ultrasonography
Authors: Ghosh U. K. , Sharma D. , Iliyas H. , Baveja R.
Published: August 2010

Three hundred and six antenatal women with confirmed LMP underwent a single real time ultrasonographic examination between 32–40 weeks of gestation. Four parameters viz. BPD, HL, FL and AP having a positive correlation with gestational age were studied. A multiple regression model for predicting gestational age by a single ultrasonographic examination was developed by forward selection method after eliminating multicollinearity; as a high degree of intercorrelation was found between FL and HL, HL was eliminated from the data. The BPD does not have a significant role in predicting gestational age in later pregnancy. The proposed regression equation with FL and AP predicts gestational age 75% of time within ±10 days of 95% confidence limit.
Cellular Immunity in Pregnant and Non‐Pregnant Women with Malarial Infection
Authors: Sholapurkar Shashikant L. , Mahajan Ramesh C. , Gupta Amar N. , Wangoo Arun
Published: August 2010

A study of lymphocyte subpopulation and leucocyte migration inhibition index (LMI) in 78 pregnant and 22 nonpregnant women with malarial infection (P. vivax 60% and P. falciparum 40%) was done in a hospital in Northern India. Eighty pregnant and 20 nonpregnant women without any infection were also included in the study as controls. T‐cell percentage in controls decreased to its lowest in first trimester and gradually rose to nonpregnant levels by the end of puerperium. With malarial infection, there was further drop in T‐cell percentage, more so in third trimester. LMI in controls corresponded with T‐cell percentage and was depressed in pregnant patients. Enhancement in LMI with malarial infection was depressed in pregnant patients maximally in the third trimester. Parity did not have any influence on these cellular immune parameters. Thus, cellular immunity status in malarial patients was found to be depressed during pregnancy especially in the third trimester.
Vaginal Delivery following One Previous Cesarean Birth: Nation Wide Survey
Authors: Mor‐Yosef Shlomo , Zeevi Dan , Samueloff Arnon , Donhin Milka , Frankfurter Hadassah , Schenker Joseph G.
Published: August 2010

The present state of vaginal delivery following a previous cesarean section (CS) was evaluated through a nation wide survey, including 22,815 deliveries. The overall cesarean rate was 9.6%. Of all the parturients with one previous cesarean section 55.1% delivered vaginally. A previous CS and labor arrest were the major indications for a repeated CS in 28.7% and 26.4%, respectively. Rupture of the uterus following vaginal delivery was found more often in the group with a previous CS than in those with no uterine scar (1.2% and 0.03%, respectively), (P<0.0001). None of the uterine ruptures was fatal neither to the mother nor to the fetus. Post partum fever appeared more often among vaginal deliveries following a CS than among those with no uterine scar. However, CS is followed by fever 10.8 times more than vaginal delivery. Intrapartum and neonatal death rates following vaginal delivery were similar for those with or without a previous CS (3.42% and 3.38%, respectively). An average of 3 hospitalization days were saved for each vaginal birth replacing a repeated CS. It is concluded that vaginal delivery, following CS, does not cause substantial morbidity, nor mortality either to the mother or the neonate, and may be practiced with a reasonable margin of safety in well selected cases.
Current Method for First and Second Trimester Prenatal Diagnosis: Transabdominal Chorionic Villi Sampling
Authors: Buckshee K. , Parveen S. , Verma I. C.
Published: August 2010

Transabdominal CVS (chorionic villi sampling) was performed in 40 patients belonging to first or second trimester of pregnancy with 97.5% success, using a double and later single needle technique with no immediate complications. Karyotyping by direct method was successful in 75% of samples thus indicating the feasibility of cytogenetic analysis using villus tissue from first and second trimesters of pregnancy. It is a safe, simple, rapid and practical method of prenatal diagnosis in first and second trimesters of pregnancy with a potentially lower risk for fetal and maternal complications.
Clinical Evalution of a Direct Colorimetic Method for Determination of Amniotic Phospholipids
Authors: Nishino Eriko , Takagi Tetsu , Okamoto Eisaku , Masuhiro Kazuo , Iwata Itsuko , Mitsuda Nobuaki , Tanizawa Osamu , Yoshida Yukuo , Tagawa Kunio , Fujiwara Futoshi
Published: August 2010

Evaluation of amniotic phospholipids, which are a parameter of fetal lung maturation, is important in the management of premature infants. The method available for measuring the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, which appears to provide an index to fetal lung maturity, is laborious, involving determinations of phospholipids, and so is unsuitable for rapid quantitative measurement of phospholipids in the amniotic fluid in the perinatal period. We developed a simple, sensitive colorimetric assay for phospholipids without their extraction. This assay is based on the fact that phospholipids form stable hydrophobic complexes with Co(SCN)4, Fe(SCN)2‐ and Fe(SCN)3 within about 1 hr.

Amniotic fluid samples (n=115) were collected from women with normal and abnormal pregnancies in week 16–41 of pregnancy, and these samples were examined both by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and by our method of phospholipid determination. Good correlations were observed between the L/S ratio determined by TLC and the values obtained by this method. Moreover the distributions of the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine(DPPC) content and DPPC/sphingomyelin(SM) ratio were similar to those of the PC content and L/S ratio. This method was proved to be more accurate than other methods such as TLC and the shake test for predicting neonatal RDS.
Plasma Levels of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide during Labour and in Puerperium*
Authors: Wong Eric F. C. , Koh Lim W. , Huang Min‐Huo , Wong Norman L. M.
Published: August 2010

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a new cardiac hormone, has potent natriuretic, diuretic and vaso‐relaxant properties in animals and humans. Plasma ANP levels increased in response to volume expansion, atrial distension or postural change. The present investigation was designed to examine the effect of labour on plasma ANP in normotensive pregnant women. The results show that plasma ANP in pregnant women (n=9) increased significantly in active phase of first stage of labour from 19.5±4.6 pg/ml to 74.5±15.1 pg/ml. The magnitude of the increase in ANP levels in active phase varied among the patients. During and after delivery, plasma ANP decreased in all instances towards control level. The cause for the increase in plasma ANP levels in the active phase remains to be determined.
Non‐Immune Hydrops Fetalis
Authors: Li C. Y. , Lao T. T.
Published: August 2010

This article reviews the various aspects of non‐immune hydrops fetalis, including the historical background, aetiology, clinical presentation, antenatal diagnosis and perinatal management, as well as presenting some data on cases of non‐immune hydrops fetalis treated in the newly established Obstetrics Department of the Chinese University of Hong Kong at the Prince of Wales Hospital.
Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Pregnancy
Authors: Ba‐Thike Katherine , Oo Nan
Published: August 2010

A case of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma who subsequently became pregnant after 6 courses of chemotherapy is presented. Clinical remission was obtained for 3 months after radiotherapy in pregnancy till relapse occurred in the puerperium. The fetus was exposed to chemotherapy in the first trimester and radiotherapy in the second but no adverse effects have been noted so far (5 months).
Transvaginal Sonographic Assessment of the Endometrium in Spontaneous and Induced Cycles
Authors: Germar‐Martinez  , Okai Takashi , Masuda Haruo , Kawamoto Eizoh , Yano Tetsu , Mizuno Masahiko
Published: August 2010

Transvaginal sonography was used and endometrial response patterns of 3 groups of patients (Spontaneous cycles, hMG cycles, and Clomiphene Citrate cycles) were observed based on endometrial characteristics of thickness and texture. All groups demonstrated cyclical changes evident by transvaginal sonography. Clomiphene Citrate cycles showed retardation of endometrial growth during the proliferative phase and delayed endometrial development based on textural patterns. There exists a positive correlation between estrogen levels and endometrial thickness in induced cycles, which is not observed in spontaneous cycles. There were no correlations between hormonal levels of progesterone, FSH and LH, in relation to endometrial characteristics of thickness and texture.
Effect of Prolactin (PRL) on Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Activity in the Rat Fetal Liver
Authors: Machida Toshifumi , Taga Michiyoshi , Minaguchi Hiroshi
Published: August 2010

In order to clarify the possible involvement of PRL in the regulation of lipid metabolism, the influence of PRL on the levels of LPL activity in rat fetal liver was investigated. Rat fetuses at 18th day of gestation in one uterine horn were injected with o‐PRL while those in the opposite horn with saline. Forty‐eight hr later, the livers were removed from the fetuses, homogenized, defatted, dried overnight, and further homogenized to the enzyme suspension. The measurement of LPL activity in these suspensions revealed that LPL activity in the fetal liver treated with o‐PRL was significantly higher than that of control. LPL activities in the rat fetal liver gradually increased until the time of birth as the gestation proceeded. These results suggest that PRL may be one of the factors regulating fetal lipid metabolism.
An ADPase‐Like Substance in Placental Extracts
Authors: Matsumoto Takafumi , Sugiyama Youichi , Deguchi Katsumi , Okano Kanemichi
Published: August 2010

The inhibitory effect of human placenta on ADP‐induced platelet aggregation was examined. Placental extracts were purified by chromatography and gel filtration. The eluted fractions were subjected to affinity chromatography with Bestatin AH‐Sepharose to obtain a more purified substance. A substance markedly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, and also exhibited high placental leucine aminopeptidase (P‐LAP) activity. Preincubation of sample with ADP abolished the platelet aggregatory effect. Thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) analysis revealed that the substance hydrolyzed ADP to AMP.

The potent anti‐platelet aggregating activity of placental extracts appears to be due to ADPase‐like action. This action may be one of the controlling factors of hemostasis in fetoplacental circulation.

Key words: human placenta, platelet aggregation, leucine aminopeptidase, adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase)
Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation for in vitro Fertilization Using Buserelin and Gonadotropin in Patients with Previous Failed Cycles
Authors: Loong E. P. L. , Tam P. P. L. , Chiu T. T. Y. , Chan May Y. M. , Panesar N. S. , Lau J.
Published: August 2010

Fifteen patients who had had previous unsuccessful in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF) cycles were treated with intranasal buserelin, a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH‐a), commencing in the mid‐luteal phase prior to ovarian stimulation in the next cycle. The use of buserelin was associated with the suppression of spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surges (nil versus 6), an increase in gonadotropin requirements (27.3 versus 13.7 ampoules), higher serum estradiol peak levels (8,154 versus 4,446 pmol/l 19), more oocytes retrieved (87 versus 20) as well as more embryos being transferred (28 versus 7). In buserelin‐treated cycles, 2 pregnancies resulted but no oocyte was recovered in 2 of the 3 poor responders.
Macroscopic Tuboplasty: Reversal of Female Sterilization
Authors: Gupta I. , Sawhney H. , Mahajan U.
Published: August 2010

Data is presented regarding 57 women who underwent reversal of sterilization procedure. In the majority (90%), the reason for request for reversal of procedure was loss of male child or more than one child. Thirteen subjects never came back for follow‐up. Out of 39 subjects in whom follow‐up is available for more than 3 months, in 35 (90%) the tubes are patent. There were 25 pregnancies in 21 subjects and incidence of viable pregnancy was 88% with only one ectopic pregnancy (4%). In these 35 cases whose tubes were found to be patent post tuboplasty, 18 had laparoscopic ring application, 16 had abdominal tubal ligation and one had undergone vaginal tubal ligation. Thirteen subjects (62%) conceived within 6 months after reversal. In this series, no loupe or operating microscope was used.
Comparative Study of Combination Chemotherapy of Ovarian Cancer: Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and Cisplatin versus 5‐Fluorouracil, Cyclophosphamide and Mitomycin C
Authors: Sawada Masumi , Yamasaki Masato , Urabe Takeshi , Ozaki Masami , Yanagita Takao , Takayama Katsumi , Taki Ichiro
Published: August 2010

CAP, a multiple‐drug combination therapy using cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2), adriamycin (20–30 mg/m2) and cisplatin (50–75 mg/m2), was applied to 69 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer. The results of this therapy were compared with those of FAM (involving 5‐fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide and mitomycin C) in 47 cases of the same cancer, retrospectively. The 5‐year survival rate was 61.6% for cases treated with CAP and 56.3% for cases treated with FAM. All 9 patients at stage Ia treated with CAP are free of disease, however, 3 patients out of 13 at stage la treated with FAM experienced a recurrence of the disease and died. In stage III and IV cases with detectable lesions, a response was observed in 61.3% (19/31) treated with CAP and in 10.5% (2/19) treated with FAM.
The Obstetric Management in Very‐Low‐Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Yang Yuh‐Cheng , Jou Tian‐Jii , Wu Chun‐ Hsien , Wang Kuo‐Gon , Lan Chung‐Chi , Shen Ein‐Yiao
Published: August 2010

Eighty‐three very‐low‐birth weight (VLBW) infants weighing between 500 g and 1,500 g were studied. The neonatal morbidity and mortality were 86.7% and 18.1%, respectively. Sixty‐six point seven percent (8/12) of the infants weighing under 1,000 g suffered from a periventricular‐intraventricular or intracranial hemorrhage (PVH/IVH) and their mortality rate was 50%. The incidence of PVH/IVH was 52.1%, and the mortality rate was 12.7% when the birth weight was between 1,000 g and 1,500 g. Forty‐nine percent of the PVH/IVH took place on the first day of neonatal life, and 93% developed within 5 days after delivery.

Cesarean section neither reduced the incidence of PVH/IVH nor increased the survival rate whether in cephalic or breech presentation. The incidence of PVH/IVH was not affected by type of presentation or the interval between the rupture of membranes and the delivery.

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and the requiring of a ventilator for ventilation significantly increased the incidence of PVH/IVH, while a low Apgar score (<3) at 5 minutes did not.
Efficacy of Cefoxitin for the Prevention of Postoperative Infection in Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Sutthijumroon S. , Chandeying V. , Tungphaisal S.
Published: August 2010

Prophylactic effect of cefoxitin against postoperative infection at a dose of 2 g intravenous (single dose 30 minutes before the operation) was investigated using fever index in patients who underwent the elective, nonradical abdominal hysterectomy. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Total fever index values were 12.9±10.0 degree‐hours in the control group (n=39), 11.3±9.7 degree‐hours in the study group (n=39). There were no statistical significance between both groups. Data from this investigation does not suggest the concept that prophylactic antibiotics are beneficial in the reduction of postoperative infection. The results of this prospective study reflected in unnecessity of antibiotic prophylaxis in abdominal hysterectomy.
Puerperal Haematomas
Authors: Cheung T. H. , Chang Allan
Published: August 2010

Forty‐seven out of 31,628 patients delivered in our hospital over the past 5 years developed puerperal genital tract haematomas. Four cases, representing different types of haematoma which required different managements, were presented to illustrate this problem. A literature reivew was also made.
The Comparison of the Efficacy among Three Different Nimorazole Regimens in the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Chandeying Verapol , Sutthijumroon Sonthit , Tungphaisal Somchai
Published: August 2010

The efficacy of 3 different nimorazole regimens in treating bacterial vaginosis in women was evaluated. The regimens consisted of: Nimorazole 2 g single dose (Group I), 1 g per day for 3 days (Group II), and 1 g per day for 7 days (Group III) orally. In a simple randomized trial of 90 cases (30 cases in each group) with demonstrated clinical bacterial vaginosis on the presence of 3 of 5 of the following signs: (1) Characteristic thin homogenous discharge; (2) vaginal pH>4.5; (3) release of a fishy amine odor from vaginal fluid mixed with 10% KOH; (4) presence of clue cells (usually representing at least 20% of vaginal epithelial cells); and (5) vaginal fluid contains few or no lactobacilli. Cure rates for bacterial vaginosis by nimorazole were 70.0% (21/ 30), 83.3% (25/30), and 90.0% (27/30) in Group I, II, and III, respectively. Thus nimorazole is another effective drug for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
Time Series Analysis of Biologically Active Luteinizing Hormone Concentrations during Different Stages of the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Tennekoon Kamani H. , Lenton Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2010

The biologically active luteinizing hormone concentrations (as measured by testosterone production by mouse Leydig cells in response to LH) were measured in integrated hourly blood samples collected over 24‐hour study periods during different stages of the menstrual cycle from a group of regularly cyclic women. Time series analyses were used to analyse the ultradian rhythms in each individual 24‐hour LH profile. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) showed the presence of several ultradian rhythms with different periodicities (varying from 4.4 to 22 hours) in most of the LH profiles. In some of the LH profiles several ultradian rhythms appeared to co‐exist. The commonest significant rhythm as detected by the FFT had a periodicity of 7–9 hours during both the follicular phase (40% of the subjects) and the mid cycle (50% of the subjects) and a periodicity of 5–7 hours during the luteal phase (44% of the subjects).
The Changing Pattern of Maternal and Neonatal Anemia at Udaipur during 2 Decades in Relation to Poverty, Parity, Prematurity and Vegetarianism
Authors: Sharma Dinesh C. , Pendse Vinaya , Sahay Kalyan , Soni Basanti L.
Published: August 2010

The analysis of blood of 50 nonanaemic (Hb>10g%) and 50 anaemic (Hb<10g%) mothers and of their cords with regard to haemoglobin, iron, iron binding capacity and percent saturation of iron was done. It was found that (A) the severity of anaemia and iron deficiency was much greater in women belonging to poor class, vegetarian families or multigravida, (B) the children born prematurely or to anaemic mothers, poor families, strict vegetarians or multiparous women were at a greater risk of developing anaemia and/or iron deficiency, (C) the severity of anaemia and iron deficiency has decreased in last 2 decades in the population served by Zanana Hospital, Udaipur, (D) vegetarianism may be one of the important causative factor of anaemia in pregnant women of this region and their newborn children, and (E) the incidence of macrocytic or macrocytic hypochromic anaemia in pregnant women has become rare in last 20 years.
Treatment of Severe Pre‐Eclampsia by Acetyl Salicylic Acid
Authors: Toppozada M. , Khowessah M. , Shaala S. , Abd‐Rabbo S. , Zoheir A.
Published: August 2010

Low‐dose Aspirin® inhibits thromboxane A2with minimal effects on prostacyclin and induces clinical improvements in pre‐eclampsia. Two groups of pre‐eclamptic women (10 in each) were treated either by low‐dose acetyl salicylic acid (group I) or by conventional therapy (group II). Both groups showed a significant drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, a decrease in temperature, edema and albuminuria and an increase in urine volume. These effects were more significant in group I than in group II, except for the diastolic blood pressure. The obstetric progress and perinatal outcome were rather similar in both groups. These data offer a new potential therapeutic measure for the management of severe pre‐eclampsia and call for further evaluation in a larger group of cases.