bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violence at School and Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption in Students of
Secondary Education
Authors: Moñino García Miriam , Piñero Ruiz Eugenia , Arense Gonzalo Julián , Cerezo Ramírez Fuensanta
Published: April 2021

Adolescence is a transitional process between childhood and adulthood
(Antona, Madrid and Alaez, 2003), which involves physical, cognitive and
social changes (Johnson, Roberts and Worrell, 1999). During this stage,
risky behaviours are often developed, including alcohol and tobacco
consumption. Alcohol is the most psychoactive substance consumed among
adolescents, aged 14-18, followed by tobacco in Spain (DGPNSD, 2009). The
teenagers who use alcohol and tobacco have a higher probability of having
problems of aggresiveness and violence and it is also related to health
problems (Bellis et al., 2005; Gil and Gil-Lacroix Lacroix, 2006; Room,
Babor and Rehm, 2005). Several studies (Bond, Carlin, Thomas, Rubin and
Patton, 2001; Cangas, Gázquez, Perez-Fuentes, Moldes and Rubio, 2007;
Piñero-Ruiz, López-Espín, Cherry and Torres-Cantero, 2012) have linked the
presence of violence at school disturbing the environment and having
negative consequences for the health and behaviour to a higher frequency in
the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. In this study, 2552 questionnaires
were collected with ages among 12-16 years from the Murcia Region. The
results showed that students with aggressive behaviours at school have a
higher frequency of alcohol and tobacco consumption.
Family Typology and Dynamic Bullying/Cyberbullying in Secondary
Education
Authors: Palacios García Virginia , Polo del Río Mª Isabel , Castaño Elena Felipe , del Barco Benito León , Bullón Fernando Fajardo
Published: April 2021

The situations of bullying and cyberbullying are, sadly, increasingly
present events in the school community, especially favored in the case of
cyberbullying, by the boom of social networking taking place in our society.
The factors that attempt to explain these peer violence situations have
revealed aspects of the individuals involved in them, but we must not forget
other variables, such as family type, are crucial at this stage of the life
cycle and thus may play also an important role. The aim of this paper is to
analyze whether belonging to some of the different family groups existing in
our society could be related to the incidence of bullying situations and
cyberbullying. Participants were 1684 students from 22 secondary schools
(IES and IESO) of the Autonomous Community of Extremadura being 50.9% of the
sample women and 49.1% men. The results confirm that there are more victims
and aggressors among non-nuclear families (single parent families, blended
families, parenting by grandparents,...) than nuclear families, however this
relationship was not found among observers.
What actions to improve coexistence are being developed at schools?: A
inside perspective
Authors: Dobarro González Alejandra , García Fernández Trinidad , Álvarez García David
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work was to know students` perception about different
techniques to improve the school coexistence. For it, there were evaluated
2597 students of the Compulsory Secondary Education by means of the
Questionnaire M-ESO. The Questionnaire M-ESO allows evaluate the students`
opinion about organizational aspect related to coexistence, conflict
resolution, teaching methodology, relationship between students and
relationship between families and school. Results show that dissemination of
rules and punishment are perceived by students such the most common of the
actions to improve coexistence. These actions are followed in frequency by
those relating to education in values and conflict resolution. Contrary to
what is desirable, strategies relating to consensus rules are perceived by
students such the less common in its center.
Learning strategies in secondary school: a comparative study of the use
between spanish and immigrant students
Authors: Lanza Escobedo David , Sánchez Souto Vanesa
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work is to know the use that students do of the learning
strategies, seeing there are differences according to the national origin.
To this end, it was applied the Learning Strategies Questionnaire (CEA) to
70 students –37 Spanish and 33 immigrants– of 1st and 4th grade of Secondary
School from four different centers, publics and privates, located in Lugo
(Galicia). For the statistic analysis we used the SPSS 15.0 program. Our
results indicate that the students –Spanish and immigrants– show an adequate
level in their use of the learning strategies, without significative
differences registered in both groups. However, significative differences
were found according to the gender. Specifically in the emotional control
subscale, where the Spanish boys obtained a higher punctuation than
immigrants. Moreover, if we consider the grade, we see that Spanish students
of 1st grade achieve higher punctuations in the sensitization scale and
emotional control subscale than immigrant boys of the same grade. On the
other hand, although the immigrant students of 4th –males– obtain lower
punctuations in the organization and transference subscales than their
classmates of 1st grade, showing a greater emotional control.
Cyberbullying among Colombian students: an exploratory
investigation
Authors: Mura Giulia , Diamantini Davide
Published: April 2021

Cyberbullying is a recognized and growing Internet phenomena. Although
the body of research on this subject is rapidly expanding, most of the
research has focused on the experiences of adolescents in industrialized
nations, like Western Europe or Anglo-Saxon countries. But are the youth of
developing countries exposed to the same risks? To address this question,
this paper presents part of the results of a larger research project, and
focuses on the occurrence of cyberbullying among Colombian high-school
students. Data was collected on a sample of 359 respondents, 64.1% male and
35.9% female, between 13 and 19 years of age, using a pen and paper
questionnaire. The analysis shows that episodes of cyberbullying are quite
widespread among the sample group, as more than 60% of the sample group had
been involved (as a victim or as a bully) in at least 2 episodes in the six
months previous the research. Differences among sexes are analysed, but no
significant result is shown. In conclusion, this study strongly suggests the
necessity of deeper and wider investigation of cyberbullying among both boys
and girls of the so called “developing countries”, as the diffusion of the
phenomena seems to affect the youth of these countries too.
Analysis of Developmental Changes on Reading Self-efficacy through
Compulsory Secondary Education
Authors: Olivares Fátima , Fidalgo Raquel , Arias-Gundín Olga
Published: April 2021

This study analyzes changes on students ‘reading self-efficacy beliefs
through the compulsory Secondary Education from a developmental perspective.
Sample comprised 492 students from 1st to 4th Secondary Grades (from 12 to
16 years old), belonged to four public schools and four semi-private schools
of León (283 males and 209 females). After the application of the Reading
Self-efficacy Scale and the subsequent analysis, results suggested
statistically significant differences in the developmental pattern of
reading self-efficacy across the 1st to 4th grades of compulsory Secondary
Education, specifically, in the global reading self-efficacy and the
subscale of decoding and fluency reading self-efficacy. They showed an
increase in reading self-efficacy along the grades. However, we did not find
changes in the other reading self-efficacy subscales, reading self-efficacy
in relation to the construction of the text model and the situation model of
reading. Educational implications, limitations and future lines of research
of this study are discussed.
Teachers’ subjective happiness and self-efficacy in Dominican Republic
and Spain
Authors: Perandones González Teresa , Herrera Torres Lucía , Lledó Carreres Asunción
Published: April 2021

This study examines the relationship between subjective happiness levels
and teacher self-efficacy in a sample of 454 teachers at all educational
levels (from kindergarten to University) of Dominican Republic and Spain. To
do this, we used the Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper,
1999), which assesses the general happiness, and Teachers’ Sense of Teacher
Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk, 2001), which measures three
dimensions: Efficacy in Student Engagement, Efficacy in Instructional
Practices, and Efficacy in Classroom Management. The results show
significant and positive correlations between subjective happiness scores
and the three dimensions of teacher efficacy. Also, the Dominican population
obtains higher scores than the Spanish population in all constructs
analyzed. Depending on the results found, which corroborate previous
research in the field of positive psychology (Seligman &
Csikszentmihalyi, 2000), we propose the incorporation of emotional education
training plans for teachers, since subjective happiness as part of
individual emotions, is a factor with high positive implications for
successfully carrying out professional challenges posed by the task of
education.
Eating Habits, Health and Gender in the Elderly
Authors: López Giménez Mª Rosario , Montero López Mª Pilar , Mora Urda Ana Isabel , Romero Collazos Juan Francisco
Published: April 2021

The aging process must be understood as a multifactorial process
involving interactions between biological, environmental and gender factors.
Lifestyle and diet are factors of particular importance in the health
situation of elderly. Thus one of the most important goals of aging research
is to identify factors that contribute to improving health in this stage of
life. A cross-sectional observational study was performed with a sample of
191 women and men aged 65 or more years in rural and urban areas of the
Comunidad de Madrid, through interviews with a survey designed ad hoc for
the study, which considered different social, cultural, lifestyle and
health. The results showed that women perceived their health as fair or poor
in a higher percentage of men (61% women vs. 45% men), they were also less
satisfied with their life (28.6% women vs. 6% men). Educational level,
gender and morbidity were determinants in the perception of health. There
was a different pattern of health in both genders, with a significant
prevalence of osteo-articular problems in women (62.3%). Eating habits at
the time of the study showed no association with better or worse health,
either among women or men, while gender issues (education or income level)
were associated with health.
Resilience and Ageing
Authors: Uriarte Arciniega Juan de D.
Published: April 2021

Resilience was a concept introduced in the study of responses and
positive adaptation of people living in risky environments, contexts and
situations that posed potential threats to normal development like poverty,
disease and violence. Subsequently introduced in the study of developmental
phenomena and processes that occur in all ages and stages of the life cycle,
including the later stages. The resilience´s perspective has modified the
previous model of aging that associated losses with a more comprehensive in
that people have high levels of positive functioning, despite adverse
circumstances, limitations and impairments. This conception is convergent
with the approach of resilience and the idea that a resilient person is
normal, isn´t exceptional. Two psychobiological processes support
psychological resilience in old age: neuroplasticity and
psychoneuroimmunology. To finish, are highlighted the personal resources and
requirements called resilient contributing to successful aging, including
longevity.
Health and Quality of Life of Family and Professional Caregivers of
Dependent Elderly: A Comparative Study
Authors: Flores Noelia , Jenaro Cristina , Moro Lourdes , Tomşa Raluca
Published: April 2021

The work presented aims to analyze the similarities and differences in
health and quality of life of family caregivers and professionals serving
seniors in a position of dependency. Specifically, the results presented
were obtained from the evaluation of 600 caregivers, of which 33.83% are
family and 66.17% are professionals, to determine their burden or stress
experienced, as well as their physical and psychological health and their
overall, work, family and social quality of life. The results indicate that
there are differences between the two groups of caregivers. The family
caregivers have higher levels of overload and have poorer physical and
psychological health as a result of their tasks. Professional caregivers
experience greater satisfaction with life in general and in other factors
such as work, family and social relationships. Finally, this justifies the
need to implement interventions to improve the health of
caregivers.
Study and Nutritional Monitoring in a Population of Elderly in a
Geriatric Center
Authors: Guzmán Díaz Laura , López García de la Serrana Herminia , Oliveras López María Jesús
Published: April 2021

Rate the elderly nutritionally will allow us to achieve and maintain
good nutritional status in the elderly population. Objectives: 1 Assessment
of nutritional status of the population.. Two. Evaluation of population
intake according to recommended intakes. Three. Valuations menu and
antioxidant capacity compared to the Spanish average. Methods: The study was
conducted with 28 elders. Sociodemographic indicators, anthropometric data,
blood pressure, questionnaires assessing the nutritional status and
assessment of intake were used. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of
menu technique ORAC was determined. Results: Males had higher overweight and
obesity increased women. The waist-hip ratio was higher in men (0.94 ± 0.08
cm). Regarding the intake, there is greater risk of malnutrition 50% (MNA
and NSI), excess cholesterol and folic acid deficiency, vitamin D and
magnesium in both sexes. The antioxidant capacity was 31,377 umol / day and
total polyphenols of 2,344 mg / day. Conclusions: There is a high risk of
malnutrition (MNA, NSI) and cardiovascular disease (ICC) among participants.
The antioxidant capacity of the menu three times the reference values and
the energy profile of the elderly is inadequate, with excess fat and
cholesterol and low in carbohydrates
Analysis of the Socio-Health Services Used of Family Caregivers of
Alzheimer Patients
Authors: Ruiz Fernández Mª Dolores , Fernández Leyva Antonia , López Cano María , Pérez-Fuentes Mª del Carmen , Gázquez Linares José Jesús
Published: April 2021

Alzheimer type dementia is one of the main health problems, due to the
disability and dependence it produces. The implementation of Law 39/2006
attempts to respond to the needs by means of a catalogue of socio-health
services and resources to provide support to the patients and their
relatives. A study was conducted with 255 caregivers/relatives of people
diagnosed with Alzheimer type dementia in order to determine the profile of
the beneficiaries of these services, taking into account the caregivers'
knowledge, the phase of the illness, and level of dependence. The results
show that caregivers with knowledge of the disease and patients who are at a
more advanced stage are the ones who use the most resources. Specifically,
caregivers with knowledge used the family respite to a greater extent, and
predominantly caregivers of patients at a mild phase of the disease enjoyed
volunteer services and help at home, whereas caregivers at more advanced
phases used the Day Center and economic aid. Lastly, we underline that
volunteer service is used by subjects with a lower level of dependence,
whereas more dependent people use economic aid the most.
The Importance of Having Good Health Condition in Self-Assessment of the
Quality of Life. The Example of Senior Students of the Balearic
Islands
Authors: González Liberto Macías , Vives Barceló Margarita , Orte Socias Carmen , Sánchez Prieto Lydia
Published: April 2021

This paper is part of a widest study about quality of life of older
people who are enrolled in a university programme for seniors. This part
belongs to a the first phase, focused on the assessment of the quality of
life of senior students enrolled into the first year of the Diploma Sènior
(a three years degree) of the Open university for Seniors (UOM), educational
programme offered by the University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) to people
over 50 years. This paper shows the results of the subjective perception of
the quality of life of older people enrolled in the first year degree,
during three different and correlative academic years (2009-10, 2010-11 and
2011-12) of UOM. Our main goal is to understand and assess which are
components related to their quality of life, that they give more importance
or consideration for their own quality of life. The outcomes show that a
huge majority, a 93%, thinks that the most important component is "to have
good health" and only a 0.8% of the sample perceived their quality of life
as bad or low.
Visual Attention and Aging: an Age-Related Cognitive Model of Positive
Adaptation
Authors: Rodríguez-Ferrer José Manuel
Published: April 2021

We have studied the effects of normal aging on visual attention. Have
participated a group of 38 healthy elderly people with an average age of
67.8 years and a group of 39 healthy young people with average age of 19.2
years. In a first experiment of visual detection, response times were
recorded, with and without covert attention, to the presentation of stimuli
(0.5º in diameter grey circles) appearing in three eccentricities (2.15,
3.83 and 5.53° of visual field) and with three levels of contrast (6, 16 and
78%). In a second experiment of visual form discrimination circles and
squares with the same features as in the previous experiment were presented,
but in this case subjects only should respond to the emergence of the
circles. In both age groups, the covert attention reduced response times.
Compared to young people, the older group achieved better results in some
aspects of attention tests and response times were reduced more in the
stimuli of greater eccentricity. The data suggest that there is a mechanism
of adaptation in aging, in which visual attention especially favors the
perception of those stimuli more difficult to detec
Descriptive Study on the Implication of Families in the Care of
Institutionalized Elde
Authors: Pérez Dorado Mª del Carmen , Romero Serrano Rocío , Morillo Martín Mª Socorro , González-Serna José Mª Galán
Published: April 2021

The main objective of this study is to know the involvement in the care
of families in Home for the Elderly of San St John of God in Seville. This
is a pilot quantitative, descriptive and observational study. After a
process of non-probability has formed a convenience sample of 20 relatives
of elderly residents, including 5 are men and 15 are women. The instrument
for data collection was the questionnaire "Scale-Zarit caregiver burden" and
data analysis has been made by the SPSS 15.0 statistical program.
Administered questionnaires, all agree that most of the care of the elderly
is performed by the medical personnel of the residence, which implies that
the results aren´t overloaded. And they claim that the informal support of
the elderly doesn´t cease with the institutionalization. The involvements of
family members in nursing homes meet the objective of having a collaborative
role, in which the family is the memory and the voice of the elderly by the
passage of time or by the disease who have they can´t answer questions as
they arise for health professionals.
The Effect of Two Exercise Regimens with Older People
Authors: Román Yolanda Marcen , López Bernués Ricardo , Sieso Sevil Ana Isabel
Published: April 2021

Among older people, the health is one of the most important aspects of
the quality of life, especially emphasizing the important of the physical
condition as the ability to attain and maintain their maximum independence.
The general objective is to quantify the effect on the dynamic and static
balance, strength and flexibility of the extremities for a period of 3
months and then, the consequences of another three months without exercises.
Methodology: Study pre- and post-training with a random sample with 36
institutionalized old men, people over 65 years old with normal-mild
cognitive impairment, divided into three groups: vestibular exercises, power
exercises, and a non-intervention control group. Results: A significant
improvement with balance, flexibility and muscle strength of the lower limbs
in each of the group in relation to the control group. The decline of
functional capacities measured by a battery of tests after three months
without intervention. Conclusions: Balance, muscle strength and flexibility
of the lower and upper extremities in institutionalized people over 65 of
this study improve following the treatment protocols designed from the
lower-limbs power exercises and vestibular exercises in relation to the
control group. The functional capacity goes down unless they exercise
regularly to improve results.
Quality of Life of Institutionalized Elderly People in Nursing Homes: a
Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Acevedo Alcaraz Esther
Published: April 2021

Nursing homes have the characteristic of being “complete institutions”
or “enclosed microcosms” and the quality of life (QoL) in late adulthood is
generally perceived as a multidimensional construct. Over recent years,
media reports have focused on the deficiencies in nursing home residences,
and a subsequent increase in the demand for instruments capable of measuring
this construct has arisen. Objective: To compare the quantitative functional
mobility, level of independence, depressive symptoms and QoL of nursing home
residents compared with home care recipients. Methods: have analyzed the
quality of life and physical and psychological disorders 400 people over 60
years old, admitted to nursing homes or living with their families through
the implementation of a questionnaire covering three different indices
(Barthel Index, Yesavage and WHOQOL-OLD) to assess the degree of dependence
of people. Results: has resulted in a significant reduction in quality of
life of older people living in nursing homes (p<0.001) compared to older
usually live with their families. Our results show that the degree of
physical and / or psychological dependence on our largest is the determinant
for entry into a nursing home in our community (p>0.001) factor.
Conclusions: the current model residences require a change that allows
responding to the real needs of our elderly institutionalized.
Nutritional Status by Somatic Sub, Fat and Protein-Visceral at Entry in
an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Rodríguez Delgado María Esther , García Luis Albendín , López Torres Ginesa
Published: April 2021

The high prevalence of malnutrition in hospitals remains a problem of
special importance in Spain at present due to the negative impact on the
clinical course of hospitalized patients. Numerous studies show hospital
malnutrition rates close to 33-50% of the hospitalized population. This
impact is much more important and of greater importance when it comes to
critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. Nutritional and
metabolic deficit States have a direct impact on the patient, hindering the
clinical evolution of the patient and increasing morbidity and mortality
rates and hospital complications and healthcare costs arising. Develop an
appropriate nutritional approach through nutritional media is a fundamental
goal and a basic pillar for optimal management of the critically ill
patient, being able I see hampered in many cases, especially in patients who
present with hypercatabolism and hypermetabolism with significant energy
consumption secondary to the disease process leading to admission. To this
must be added the great difficulty of a comprehensive and complete
assessment of nutritional status where many of these parameters, nutritional
surveys and functional tests can be complicated to perform, unreliable, or
may provide incorrect, incomplete or impossible data its
realization.
Development of a Psychoeducational Program in Emotional Intelligence for
Primary Caregivers of Alzheimer Patients
Authors: Sitges Maciá Esther , Bonete López Beatriz
Published: April 2021

In early 2000 the first steps in the empirical evidence of the effects
that a good emotional intelligence (EI ) can have on people, however,
despite the benefits of studied this construct in various fields such as
education, labor or health, there are not many studies focusing on the study
of skills that EI has on caregivers of Alzheimer. In this paper Social
Skills and IE caregivers of Alzheimer patients are evaluated. A
psychoeducational intervention to 21 informal caregivers of Alzheimer's
patients with an experimental group and a control group in the Alzheimer
associations of Alicante and Elche. After surgery, it is observed that the
levels of emotional IE in the experimental group were maintained. Caregivers
verbalized an improvement after surgery. We believe that the results are
good as a preliminary study and it would be interesting to expand both the
number of hours of the workshop as the subject in order to generalize the
results.
Differences Between Elderly Women and Men in Cognitive Functioning and
Quality of Life
Authors: Navarro Elena , Calero Mª Dolores , Calero-García Mª José
Published: April 2021

Today, there is still some controversy about the influence of the
variable sex on cognitive functioning and quality of life in old age. The
main objective of the study presented is to analyze possible differences
between older men and women in relation to their cognitive abilities and
quality of life. The study sample consists of 264 persons aged between 65
and 95 years from the provinces of Jaen and Granada who were assessed with a
cognitive screening test, a verbal fluency test, a task of sustained
attention, a task to assess learning potential, a working memory task, and
of quality of life questionnaire. The results show that, once the
educational level and age of participants is controlled, men show superior
performance on cognitive screening tasks, working memory, sustained
attention and verbal fluency; while women performance above men in verbal
memory tasks and verbal learning. In quality of life, men show better health
and greater independence, while women scored higher than men on social
integration and use of social services.
Quality of Life And Gerontology: Description of a Research Line
Authors: Serdà Ferrer Bernat-Carles
Published: April 2021

The Quality of Life (QoL) is a multidimensional, dynamic and modular
concept. QoL is influenced by psychological mechanisms related to the
adaptation disease. The aim of this paper is to describe the research line
on QoL and chronic disease. The specific objective is to determine the
mechanisms involved in the change of QoL in a group of elderly people with
cancer. Method. The study is prospective quasi-experimental. With a sample
of 130 participants with cancer. Results. The rehabilitation program
improves muscular fitness, cardiovascular efficiency, (at rest and effort)
and reduces the continued decline related to treatment. We have observed a
significant increase in QoL in the period evaluated. This result confirms
that QoL at baseline of the disease is low. Adherence to the program
achieved is 93%. Conclusions. We confirm the effectiveness of a
rehabilitation program tailored to the symptoms generated by the disease and
cancer treatment in improving QoL of older people. The program is a
therapeutic option to preserve the QoL of the patient in the continuum of
the disease. Now we are studying the timing where the implementation of the
program is most effective.
Depressive Symptoms Versus Depression in Older Adults in a Rural
Community
Authors: Cordero Sánchez Clemente , García Madrid Guillermina , Flores Merlo Marcela , Báez Hernández Francisco Javier , Torres Reyes Alejandro , Zenteno López Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2021

Depression is a mood disorder characterized by loss of interest or
pleasure in activities of daily living. Frequent and disabling geriatric
syndrome that often goes unnoticed, which generates physical and functional.
The objective was to know the depressive symptoms in older adults in a rural
community in the state of Puebla, Mexico. Study was descriptive,
correlational, cross, made of 155 seniors was an applied to Scale Center for
Epidemiologic Studies Depression CES-D and the Scale of Yesavage. The age
range of older adults was 60 to 90 years, with a predominance of female
gender in 65.2%, the CES-D reported 18.7% were found no clinical y
significant symptoms, 70.3% in symptoms of sub- threshold depression, 9% in
possible major depressive episode, 1.9% in probable major depressive
episode. Similar results to those of Scale of Yesavage 43.2% found no
evidence of depression, 32.9% with mild depression, 17.4% with moderate
depression and 6.5% with severe depression. Noticing a difference by gender
(Women=8482.00, Male=3608.00, p=.023). Knowing depressive symptoms in older
adults can implement care interventions based on scientific
evidence.
The social concept of climacteric in rural and urban population
Authors: Carrobles Ana Mª , Velasco Minerva , Gómez-Cantarino Sagrario
Published: April 2021

The menopause is a phase of complex transition that involves biological,
psychological, social, and cultural factors. The phenomenon of the menopause
is something natural and universal for all women. This stage is influenced
by the socio-cultural environment in which the woman to live. Through a
qualitative research study among women who live in the province of Toledo.
The selection of women was performed by sampling non-probability
convenience. The procedure of discussion groups with women, of different
social status, and various personal situations. Urban women are mostly the
menopause as something pathological, many of them need help to deal with
this moment, but those in rural areas see the menopause as a natural,
another stage more of their lives in part because family support networks
provide experiences and experiences that they share with their families. The
urban areas arrive after the climacteric, multiparous women develop after
menopause. Housewives become before the menopause, those working outside the
home. Depending on the attitude towards the climacteric, will be able to
have experiences or others, through the knowledge of the concept of
menopause, improves in the future the quality of care.
Factors involved in adherence to therapy in fibromyalgia patients
Authors: Ruiz-Fernández Mª Dolores , Hernández-Martínez Dolores , Fernández-Leyva Antonia , López-Cano María
Published: April 2021

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease that it needs of a complex and
multiple drug therapy. With the aim to study the degree of adherence to
therapy in this disease to the pharmacological treatment prescribed and, to
know how they influence a series of variables as they are the age, the
perceived health, the number of drugs and the difficulty in taking
medication, a descriptive study was realized in 50 patients diagnosed of
fibromyalgia. The results show us as the most patients are multiple
medication and a large percentage present bad adherence to treatment, being
in these patients the mean perceived health score significantly higher in
chronic problems, compared to those with they have a good adherence. The
multivariate logistic regression analysis indicates a high risk of
non-adherence in patients who they are multiple medication, they are 60 or
older and they have chronic mental problems, although the association only
is significant for chronic problems. Therefore, factors as such the number
of drugs, the age and the perception that they have about their health, are
variables to take into consideration in the degree of adherence to therapy
in these patients.
Family involvement, adolescent self-concept and academic
achievement
Authors: Álvarez Ana , Suárez Natalia , Tuero Ellián , Núñez José C. , Valle Antonio , Regueiro Bibiana
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this work was to analyze the specific relationship
between parental involvement, dimensions of student self-concept and
achievement. 503 students of Secondary Education (ESO) and the first year of
Baccalaureate course participated in the study. Data were collected using
two questionnaires (Family Involvement Questionnaire and Self-Concept Scale
for Adolescents) and academic achievement scores. Data were analyzed using
multivariate analysis of variance and paths analysis. The results obtained
suggest a significant relationship between the dimensions of perceived
family involvement and the dimensions of self-concept (except for parents'
praise behaviors). What's more, the relationship between perceived family
involvement and achievement is partially mediated by the academic
self-concept.
Burnout and empathy among professional caregivers of elderly
Authors: Martínez Juan P. , Méndez Inmaculada , García-Sevilla Julia
Published: April 2021

The aim of this research has been to analyze cognitive and affective
empathy among professional workers in an institutionalized center. Empathy
is the capacity of taking into account others points of with feelings and
emotions as Theory of Mind claims. Depersonalization emerges in caregivers
in certain circumstances. This acts as a mechanism of defense and is typical
in the professional with high levels of burnout. For this reason, it
proceeded to examine this syndrome and its relationship with empathy among
20 professional caregivers. The instruments used were the Cognitive and
Affective Empathy Scale (consisted of scales understanding of perspectives,
emotional understanding, empathic stress and sympathetic joy), Maslach
Burnout Inventory (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and professional
accomplishment) and an ad hoc survey for the workforce for the collection of
sociodemographic and workplace information. The results show a significant
positive correlation, with high effect size, between age and empathic stress
and between this one and emotional exhaustion. Positive significance between
depersonalization and sympathetic joy has also been found. The conclusions
of this research lead a reflection on the configuration and structure of
this defense mechanism and its relationship with empathy in the
workplace.
Parenting styles and alcohol use among adolescents: A longitudinal
study
Authors: Martínez-Loredo Víctor , Fernández-Artamendi Sergio , Weidberg Sara , Pericot Irene , López-Núñez Carla , Fernández-Hermida José R. , Secades Roberto
Published: April 2021

Parenting style has been identified as one of the most important risk
and protective factors for substance use in adolescents. Evidence suggests
that the influence of each parenting style on adolescent’s substance use
varies across countries. Research studies with Spanish population have been
mostly restricted to cross-sectional designs, limiting the interpretation of
directionality in the relationship between parenting styles and adolescent
substance use. This longitudinal study explores the predictive validity of
perceived parenting style on prospective drug use and alcohol related
problems in a sample of adolescents. Participants were 346 adolescents
(53.64% males) who were assessed twice in a period of two years. In the
first wave participants were 12.89 years old (SD = 0.54). Logistic
regression analyses were performed to estimate the prospective relationship
between perceived parenting style at first wave and substance involvement
outcomes at the second. Adolescents that perceived their parents as
neglectful had higher risk of developing an alcohol use disorder two years
later [odds ratio (OR) : 2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-3.86 (p =
.012)]. The findings of this study indicate that special attention should be
given to those adolescents who perceived their parenting style as
neglectful.
Identification of the competences and skills of the good professional who
works with older people via Deplhi technique
Authors: Vives Marga , Orte Carmen , Sánchez Lydia
Published: April 2021

Several handbooks and best practice guides, also scientific reference
documents focus on the good treatment of the health services for older
people take into account professionals as a key factor. However, there are
few studies have been dedicated exclusively to them. This article is the
result of a debate of a sample of health professionals who works with older
people and of older people users of this health services using Deplhi
methodology. Through different questionnaires we focus our attention in
skills and competences that must have the good professional who attend to
older people. The combination of the different point of views (professionals
and users) enable us not only to get a proposal of these competences and
skills that the “good” health professional must have and use, also these
results could improve the selection of these professionals, improve the
relationships between health professional and user and, ultimately improve
the quality of the health service or program offered. The aim of this paper
is to analyze the competences and basic skills of a good professional who
works in health area with older people.
Descriptive study of emotional variables elderly people
Authors: Etxeberria Igone
Published: April 2021

Emotional functioning (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction,
loneliness and regulation strategies) of centenarians compared to younger
adults was analyzed (65-74, 75-84, and 85-94 years old). This study was
conducted with 257 older adults cognitively healthy and independent for the
performance of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Results showed a
decrease in positive affect in comparison with 65 to 74 and 75 to 84 age
groups, but not with 85 to 94. Centenarians also showed less negative affect
and increased life satisfaction (in comparison with the youngest age group).
In comparison with 65 to 74 and 75 to 84 age groups centenarians
experimented higher loneliness. In regard to regulation strategies, in
general, centenarians use less proactive strategies and problem solving
while more passive strategies at least when regulating sadness. In
conclusion, despite experiencing less positive affect and a higher
loneliness, less negative affect and a higher life satisfaction was observed
among centenarians. In addition, centenarians use proactive strategies less
and passive strategies more.
Prevention of falls in the elderly: a review of new concepts based on the
evidence
Authors: Calero Mª José , López-Cala Guillermo , Ortega Ana R. , Cruz-Lendínez Alfonso J.
Published: April 2021

Who estimates on aging say 2050 will reach 2000 million people over 60
years. It is vital to analyze the attention to this population group and
prevent situations that cause increased morbidity and mortality in it. Falls
in older people, they have to work in a multidisciplinary way. Clinical
impact in falls, social and family factors. Objetive: To analyze the
incidence of falls as an etiological factor of bone fractures in patients
over 65 years. Establish what other health variables such as comorbidity,
polypharmacy, functional dependence, may be related to its etiology. Method:
We performed a quasi- experimental design of repeated measures. The final
sample consisted of 259 participants. The instruments used were the Barthel
Index, the Fototest and MNA. Conclusions: The intervention in the prevention
of falls the elderly should be a multidisciplinary work, as it depends on
many factors such as health, food, marital status or the conditions of their
habitual residence, which must be addressed by various
professionals.
Prediction of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in succesful
aging
Authors: Tomás José M. , Galiana Laura , Gutiérrez Melchor , Sancho Patricia , Oliver Amparo
Published: April 2021

Psychological well-being is a construct of maximum relevance in
psychology, being the equivalent to health in medical sciences. It is a
multifaceted construct, with two research traditions: the hedonic and the
eudaimonic ones. On the other hand, the paradign of succesful aging is a
good theoretical framework to study and understand optimal aging. Rowe and
Kahn (1998) articulated this paradign proposing its three main
characteristics: physcal health, cognitive functioning and being productive
and socially active. The aim of this research is to develop a predictive
model of well-being, both hedonic and eudaimonic, using the sucessful aging
parading plus a dimension of spirituality. Main results of the model showed
that social support had a significant and positive on satisfaction and to a
lesser extent on well-being. Pshysical health was also a significant
predictor of satisfaction. An finally, spirituality may also be considered a
protector of well-being. Percentage of variance explained of life
satisfaction was 23.3%, while this percentage on well-being was
10.4%.
Changes in the temporal variability of the EEG functional connectivity
during aging
Authors: González Almudena , Alba Guzmán , González Julián
Published: April 2021

This work is aimed at investigating changes in the temporal variability
of EEG functional connectivity (FC) during agin. The variability in the FC
has been linked to cognitive performance. The study was carried out in two
groups of healthy subjects: one of 10 adults between 50-65 years old and
another of 15 subjects ranging 66-85 years. EEG recordings were made at rest
using 16 monopolar channels: under eyes closed (EC) and under
hyperventilation (HV). The cortical FC between all EEG channel pairs was
estimated from an index (L) of nonlinear generalized synchronization. For
each subject and condition, the global connectivity (GC) of each
area/channel with the rest of them was calculated, then the GC average and
the GC temporal variability (TVC) of such connectivities was computed from
the GC mean and standard deviation of successive EEG recordings
respectively. The changes with age and condition of GC and TVC of each
cortical area were estimated via a MANOVA. We found that the GC does not
change with age during OC or HV, but the TVC of all cortical areas is
significantly higher (p<0.01) for subjects under 65 and mainly for the
central, temporal and parietal areas (p<0.01). It is concluded that TVC
decreasing with aging may be related to cognitive performance
deficits.
Writer profile as a modulating variable of processes involved in written
composition in undergraduate students
Authors: Arias-Gundín Olga , Fidalgo Raquel
Published: April 2021

The two most well-defined writer profiles that have been found in
writing research are planning and revising. In this study we analyse writing
strategies and writing profiles of undergraduate students, and their
influence in solving hybrid tasks; in this study took part 142 undergraduate
students enrolled in three different university studies. To identify writer
profile, students completed a Spanish version of Questionnaire Concerning
their Planning and Revising Tendencies. We used two different hybrid tasks:
summary and synthesis; we assessed in both tasks reading and writing
process, level of underlined or take notes strategies, kind of draft and
ideas generation. The results show that over 60% of students have a mixed
writer profile with similar scores in both strategies, planning and
revising, but they reported a higher level use in revising strategy.
Likewise result show that the processes and strategies used by students are
more complex depending on the difficulty of the task; while writing strategy
that has greater influence is planning.
Organization strategies in the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure in children
with ADHD
Authors: Rubiales Josefina , Russo Daiana , González Rocío , Bakker Liliana
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze ADHD diagnosed children´s process
of copy, organization strategies and recall phase of Rey-Osterrieth Complex
Figure. This study corresponds to an ex post facto retrospective design with
two groups, one quasi control. Seventy children between 8 and 14 years old
were evaluated; 35 with ADHD and 35 without these diagnoses, paired by sex,
age and instruction level. To reach the proposed objective, the process of
copying, organizational strategies and memory of the Rey- Osterrieth Complex
Figure were evaluated. The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure is a test which
consists of copying phase and posterior playing back memory phase of a
complex geometric pattern. Results showed a lower yield for the group with
ADHD both in copy and memory process, with greater use of C and D types of
copy reproduction, being the use of type D expected for younger children.
These results allow further analysis of the performance of children with
ADHD regarding organizational strategies providing expertise in the
conceptualization, evaluation and treatment of the disorder.
Carboxymethyl Glucomannan from Amorphophallus oncophyllus as an Alternative Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater: Adsorption of Cadmium and Zinc
Authors: Hikmat Hikmat , Resdiana Renta , Tasfiyati Aprilia Nur
Published: April 2021

Carboxymethyl glucomannan (CMGM) was successfully synthesized through the reaction of glucomannan from Amorphophallus oncophyllus and monochloroacetic acid, using NaOH as a catalyst. Two types of glucomannan were used in this study, low viscosity glucomannan (LGM) and high viscosity glucomannan (HGM). The produced CMGM were differentiated into LCMGM (synthesized from LGM) and HCMGM (synthesized from HGM). The CMGM structure was characterized by FTIR, and the degree of substitution (DS) was determined using back titration method. The DS value were 0.484 and 0.412 for LCMGM and HCMGM, respectively. Both CMGMs were then evaluated for its adsorption capacity towards Zn and Cd at the optimum pH of 6, with 60 minutes adsorption time for each sample. The maximum adsorption capacity of Zn was 13.61 mg/g and 13.04 mg/g for LCMGM and HCMGM, respectively. While for Cd, the maximum adsorption capacity of LCMGM and HCMGM was 17.70 mg/g and 15.90 mg/g. The adsorption capacity of the sample follows the Langmuir isotherm adsorption. In conclusion, CMGM from A. oncophyllus has demonstrated its potential as a reusable adsorbent for efficient removal of Cd and Zn.
Barriers to Small Molecule Drug Discovery for Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: Morgan Gareth
Published: April 2021

Inhibition of amyloid fibril formation could benefit patients with systemic amyloidosis. In this group of diseases, deposition of amyloid fibrils derived from normally soluble proteins leads to progressive tissue damage and organ failure. Although many small molecules have been proposed as inhibitors of amyloid formation, few have been successful in clinical trials. Amyloid formation is complex and several individual steps could be targeted by small molecules. However, the exact mechanism of action for a molecule is often not known, which impedes medicinal chemistry efforts to develop more potent molecules. Furthermore, commonly used assays are prone to artifacts that must be controlled for. Here, potential mechanisms by which small molecules could inhibit aggregation of immunoglobulin light chain dimers, the precursor proteins for AL amyloidosis are studied in assays that recapitulate different aspects of amyloidogenesis in vitro. One molecule reduced unfolding-coupled proteolysis of light chains, but no molecules inhibited aggregation of light chains or disrupted pre-formed amyloid fibrils. This work demonstrates the challenges associated with drug development for amyloidosis, but also highlights the potential to combine therapies that target different aspects of amyloidogenesis.