bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviews and syntheses: Carbonyl sulfide as a multi-scale tracer for carbon and water cycles
Authors: Whelan Mary E. , Lennartz Sinikka T. , Gimeno Teresa E. , Wehr Richard , Wohlfahrt Georg , Wang Yuting , Kooijmans Linda M. J. , Hilton Timothy W. , Belviso Sauveur , Peylin Philippe , Commane Róisín , Sun Wu , Chen Huilin , Kuai Le , Mammarella Ivan , Maseyk Kadmiel , Berkelhammer Max , Li King-Fai , Yakir Dan , Zumkehr Andrew , Katayama Yoko , Ogée Jérôme , Spielmann Felix M. , Kitz Florian , Rastogi Bharat , Kesselmeier Jürgen , Marshall Julia , Erkkilä Kukka-Maaria , Wingate Lisa , Meredith Laura K. , He Wei , Bunk Rüdiger , Launois Thomas , Vesala Timo , Schmidt Johan A. , Fichot Cédric G. , Seibt Ulli , Saleska Scott , Saltzman Eric S. , Montzka Stephen A. , Berry Joseph A. , Campbell J. Elliott
Published: June 2018

Abstract. For the past decade, observations of carbonyl sulfide (OCS or COS)
have been investigated as a proxy for carbon uptake by plants. OCS
is destroyed by enzymes that interact with CO2 during
photosynthesis, namely carbonic anhydrase (CA) and RuBisCO, where CA
is the more important one. The majority of sources of OCS to the
atmosphere are geographically separated from this large plant sink,
whereas the sources and sinks of CO2 are co-located in
ecosystems. The drawdown of OCS can therefore be related to the
uptake of CO2 without the added complication of co-located
emissions comparable in magnitude. Here we review the state of our
understanding of the global OCS cycle and its applications to
ecosystem carbon cycle science. OCS uptake is correlated well to
plant carbon uptake, especially at the regional scale. OCS can be
used in conjunction with other independent measures of ecosystem
function, like solar-induced fluorescence and carbon and water
isotope studies. More work needs to be done to generate global
coverage for OCS observations and to link this powerful atmospheric
tracer to systems where fundamental questions concerning the carbon
and water cycle remain.
Impact of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake on a deep-sea
benthic ecosystem: evidence from living and dead benthic foraminifera on the landward slope of the Japan Trench
Authors: Tsujimoto Akira , Nomura Ritsuo , Nomaki Hidetaka , Arai Kazuno , Inoue Mutsuo , Fujikura Katsunori
Published: June 2018

Abstract. We examined the impact of the earthquake and tsunami following the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake on the deep-sea benthic ecosystems based on radionuclide and benthic foraminiferal analysis of core sediments, collected from 3200 and 3600 m water depths 5 and 17 months after the earthquake. Radionuclide analysis of the excess 210Pb, 134Cs, and 137Cs indicated that some of the analyzed sediment core recorded deposits before the earthquake, event deposits just after the earthquake, and deposits after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, which caused the release of a large amount of radioactive material 4 days after the earthquake. Uvigerina senticosa, Chilostomella oolina, and Elphidium batialis were the dominant species in the study area prior to the earthquake. In core 4W-2012, the original or pre-earthquake assemblage layer was covered by 5-cm-thick event deposits following the earthquake that contained a high diversity allochthonous foraminiferal assemblage. Following the episodic deposition, foraminiferal density drastically decreased and many species disappeared, resulting in a decrease in species diversity. Above 10 cm depth in the sediment, living specimens of opportunistic and competitive species gradually increased toward the sediment surface and became dominant in the top 1 cm of the core. Thus, the episodic deposition resulting from the earthquake caused a drastic decrease in the original benthic foraminifera and colonization of opportunistic species with a low diversity within 17 months. Although there were differences in vertical change in the radionuclides and benthic foraminifera between sites, faunal change may have already occurred 5 months after the earthquake.
Crenças de eficácia de gestores escolares e as metas do IDESP
Authors: Casanova Daniela Couto Guerreiro , Russo Miguel Henrique
Published: June 2018

Esta pesquisa dedicou-se a investigar as relaes entre as crenas de eficcia dos gestores escolares e o cumprimento da meta do IDESP das escolas estaduais de So Paulo por eles administradas. Foi realizada por meio de recursos para coleta de dados on line, tendo como participantes 228 gestores escolares. Por meio da anlise quantitativa, foi constatado que a idade e a crena de autoeficcia para aspectos instrucionais foram as variveis que se mostraram mais importantes para explicar o cumprimento da meta no IDESP. Por meio da anlise qualitativa, verificou-se que os gestores escolares que disseram ter autoeficcia mais fortes foram os que cumpriram as metas, sendo que o cumprimento das mestas foi realizado devido ao envolvimento dos gestores com os aspectos de ensino e aprendizagem.
Pensar a África em sala de aula: ensino, conhecimento logopático e africanidades no filme Beasts of no nation
Authors: Neto Humberto Perinelli , Baldacin Junior Alexandre Cristiano
Published: June 2018

O texto apresenta anlise do filme Beasts of no nation, segundo preocupao de gerar sua apropriao pedaggica para desenvolvimento de prtica educativa voltada para a Educao das Relaes tnico-Raciais, mais especificamente o Ensino de Histria e Culturas Africanas. Trata-se de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, natureza aplicada e que conciliou descrio e explicao, valendo-se para isso de investigaes bibliogrficas e documentais. A interpretao promovida indica que Beasts of no nation interessante para refletir sobre conceitos como etnia, nao, fronteiras, Estado e, a partir deles, para compreenso da realidade dos pases africanos. Desta feita, a apropriao pedaggica dessa obra flmica pertinente para a elaborao de propostas pedaggicas com base no pensamento decolonial e a interculturalidade.
CRITERIA OF EFFICIENCY ESTIMATION OF RECTIFICATION COLUMNS
Authors: Polyanskiy A.V. , Blinichev V.N. , Chagin O.V.
Published: June 2018

This article deals with the efficiency of rectification columns which is often measured by the value of tray efficiency or single height of packing. The analysis of the factors influencing the efficiency of the rectification process was provided. This article shows that the commonly used Murphree efficiency factor in most cases estimates the efficiency trays and packing of the rectification process with a large error.
INTERACTION OF PHENYLALANINE AND HISTIDINE ON EQUILIBRIUM CHARACTERISTICS OF ADSORPTION OF AMINO ACIDS ON CLINOPTILOLITE
Authors: Kotova D.L. , Krysanova T.A. , Do Thi Long , Vasilyeva S.Yu.
Published: June 2018

Parameters of the equilibrium sorption of phenylalanine and histidine on clinoptilolite from aqueous solutions containing the individual amino acids and their mixtures were presented. The contribution of exchange and non-exchange components in the adsorption capacity of clinoptilolite was determined. It was found that the interfacial distribution of amino acids is determined by the ratio of CHis / CPhe and manifested in sorption equilibrium characteristics. The maximum degree of extraction of histidine is achieved at the ratio of CHis / CPhe equals to 1: 3.
Transformative opportunities for single-cell proteomics
Authors: Specht Harrison , Slavov Nikolai
Published: June 2018

Many pressing medical challenges - such as diagnosing disease, enhancing directed stem cell differentiation, and classifying cancers - have long been hindered by limitations in our ability to quantify proteins in single cells. Mass-spectrometry (MS) is poised to transcend these limitations by developing powerful methods to routinely quantify thousands of proteins and proteoforms across many thousands of single cells. We outline specific technological developments and ideas that can increase the sensitivity and throughput of single cell MS by orders of magnitude and usher in this new age. These advances will transform medicine and ultimately contribute to understanding biological systems on an entirely new level.
The multi-subunit GID/CTLH E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes cell proliferation and targets the transcription factor Hbp1 for degradation
Authors: Lampert Fabienne , Stafa Diana , Goga Algera , Soste Martin Varis , Gilberto Samuel , Olieric Natacha , Picotti Paola , Stoffel Markus , Peter Matthias
Published: June 2018

In yeast, the glucose-induced degradation-deficient (GID) E3 ligase selectively degrades superfluous gluconeogenic enzymes. Here, we identified all subunits of the mammalian GID/CTLH complex and provide a comprehensive map of its hierarchical organization and step-wise assembly. Biochemical reconstitution demonstrates that the mammalian complex possesses inherent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, using Ube2H as its cognate E2. Deletions of multiple GID subunits compromise cell proliferation, and this defect is accompanied by deregulation of critical cell cycle markers such as the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor, phospho-Histone H3 and Cyclin A. We identify the negative regulator of pro-proliferative genes Hbp1 as a bonafide GID/CTLH proteolytic substrate. Indeed, Hbp1 accumulates in cells lacking GID/CTLH activity, and Hbp1 physically interacts and is ubiquitinated in vitro by reconstituted GID/CTLH complexes. Our biochemical and cellular analysis thus demonstrates that the GID/CTLH complex prevents cell cycle exit in G1, at least in part by degrading Hbp1.
TALE factors use two distinct functional modes to control an essential zebrafish gene expression program
Authors: Ladam Franck , Stanney William , Donaldson Ian J , Yildiz Ozge , Bobola Nicoletta , Sagerström Charles G
Published: June 2018

TALE factors are broadly expressed embryonically and known to function in complexes with transcription factors (TFs) like Hox proteins at gastrula/segmentation stages, but it is unclear if such generally expressed factors act by the same mechanism throughout embryogenesis. We identify a TALE-dependent gene regulatory network (GRN) required for anterior development and detect TALE occupancy associated with this GRN throughout embryogenesis. At blastula stages, we uncover a novel functional mode for TALE factors, where they occupy genomic DECA motifs with nearby NF-Y sites. We demonstrate that TALE and NF-Y form complexes and regulate chromatin state at genes of this GRN. At segmentation stages, GRN-associated TALE occupancy expands to include HEXA motifs near PBX:HOX sites. Hence, TALE factors control a key GRN, but utilize distinct DNA motifs and protein partners at different stages – a strategy that may also explain their oncogenic potential and may be employed by other broadly expressed TFs.
Characterization of the ATPase FlaI of the motor complex of thePyrococcus furiosusarchaellum and its interactions between the ATP-binding protein FlaH
Authors: Chaudhury Paushali , van der Does Chris , Albers Sonja-Verena
Published: June 2018

The archaellum, the rotating motility structure of archaea, is best studied in the crenarchaeonSulfolobus acidocaldarius. To better understand how assembly and rotation of this structure is driven, two ATP-binding proteins, FlaI and FlaH of the motor complex of the archaellum of the euryarchaeonPyrococcus furiosus, were overexpressed, purified and studied. Contrary to the FlaI ATPase ofS. acidocaldarius, which only forms a hexamer after binding of nucleotides, FlaI ofP. furiosusformed a hexamer in a nucleotide independent manner. In this hexamer only 2 of the ATP binding sites were available for binding of the fluorescent ATP-analog MANT-ATP, suggesting a twofold symmetry in the hexamer.P. furiosusFlaI showed a 250-fold higher ATPase activity thanS. acidocaldariusFlaI. Interaction studies between the isolated N- and C-terminal domains of FlaI showed interactions between the N- and C-terminal domains and strong interactions between the N-terminal domains not previously observed for ATPases involved in archaellum assembly. These interactions played a role in oligomerization and activity, suggesting a conformational state of the hexamer not observed before. Further interaction studies show that the C-terminal domain ofPfFlaI interacts with the nucleotide binding protein FlaH. This interaction stimulates the ATPase activity of FlaI optimally at a 1:1 stoichiometry, suggesting that hexamericPfFlaI interacts with hexamericPfFlaH. These data help to further understand the complex interactions that are required to energize the archaellar motor.
Unusually low genetic divergence at COI barcode locus between two species of intertidalThalassaphorura(Collembola: Onychiuridae)
Authors: Sun Xin , Bedos Anne , Deharveng Louis
Published: June 2018

Species classification is challenging when taxa display limited morphological differences. In this paper, we combined morphology and DNA barcode data to investigate the complicated taxonomy of two Onychiurid Collembolan species.Thalassaphorura thalassophilaandThalassaphorura debilisare among the most common arthropod species in intertidal ecosystems and are often considered to be synonymous. Based on morphological and barcode analyses of fresh material collected in their type localities, we redescribed and compared the two species. However, their morphological distinctiveness was supported by a molecular divergence much smaller than previously reported at the interspecific level among Collembola. This divergence was even smaller than inter-population divergences recognized in the related edaphic speciesT. zschokkei, as well as those known between MOTUs within many Collembolan species. Our results may indicate a link between low genetic interspecific divergence and intertidal habitat, as the only biological peculiarity of the two species of interest compared to other Collembolan species analyzed to date is their strict intertidal life.
Adherence of safety information on over‐the‐counter product labels and leaflets to the regulatory guidelines in Malaysia
Authors: Mittal Piyush , Gan Xin Yi , Sim Ai Ying , Yeo Jia Qi , Cheng Jiaxin , Shanmugham Suresh , Hasan Syed Shahzad
Published: June 2018

Aim

To evaluate the adherence of medication safety information provided on over‐the‐counter (OTC) product labels and patient information leaflets (PILs) to the Malaysian and international regulatory guidelines.

Methods

A total of 133 randomly sampled OTC medications (gastrointestinal = 31, pain = 36, skin = 35, coughs and colds = 31) from 17 community pharmacies located around Klang Valley, Malaysia were evaluated. The adherence of relevant safety information provided on the OTC product labels and PILs from the manufacturing companies to the Malaysian and international regulatory guidelines was evaluated.

Results

The majority of the products (n = 81) were locally manufactured, followed by 34 products from the European region. About 31% (n = 41) of the sampled OTC products were sold without PILs. Overall, 98% of the labels adhered to all the criteria, but none of the PILs adhered to all the parameters. Information on action to be taken in the case of a missed dose (96%), advice on consulting a doctor/pharmacist for further information (92%) and disposal instructions (98%) were generally missing. Surprisingly, none of the PILs included the compulsory statement which is essential for adverse drug reaction reporting. In addition, only 30% of the studied PILs provided information on the date of revision. Overall, imported products had slightly better adherence compared to locally manufactured products.

Conclusion

The safety information stated on the OTC products marketed in Malaysia has room for improvement to ensure safe and effective use of these products. A uniform format and collective effort is needed to ensure consumers receive adequate information about OTC products.
Three Questions about “Informal Regulation”
Authors: Tams Christian J.
Published: June 2018

In the grand debates of international law, the jus ad bellum is often proclaimed dead, and just as often praised as the “cornerstone” of the contemporary legal order. Both perspectives tend to ignore that the jus ad bellum is not static, but a body of law that states adjust over time. In an important contribution, Monica Hakimi proposes to look at one particular aspect of such adjustment, a concept she frames as “informal regulation” through Security Council action. This essay engages with Hakimi's approach. It inquires whether this approach is as “informal” as Hakimi suggests, and asks whether “informal regulation”—rather than constituting a new category of state activities to study—is not already part of conventional approaches to the jus ad bellum. Proceeding from Hakimi's analysis, the comment assesses whether there is room for “informal regulation” beyond the Security Council.
Regional surveillance of parasitic infections in wild Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) utilizing a mobile research laboratory platform
Authors: Blanchard Kendall R. , Kalyanasundaram Aravindan , Henry Cassandra , Brym Matthew Z. , Kendall Ronald J.
Published: June 2018

Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus), a popular gamebird among hunters, have been declining over recent decades in the Rolling Plains ecoregion. Investigations in the past few years have revealed a high prevalence of eyeworms (Oxyspirura petrowi) and caecal worms (Aulonocephalus pennula) in this ecoregion, prompting a need to better understand their host–parasite interaction and other factors that influence infection. In this study, the efficiency of a mobile laboratory was tested by deploying it to three field sites in the Rolling Plains between July and August of 2017 and collecting cloacal swabs from bobwhites. The DNA was extracted from swabs for quantitative PCR and was run in the mobile and reference laboratory to specifically detectA. pennulaandO. petrowiinfection. When compared with the Wildlife Toxicology's reference laboratory, the mobile laboratory had a 97 and 99% agreement forA. pennulaandO. petrowi, respectively. There were no significant differences in infection levels between field sites. Due to its efficiency, it is proposed that the mobile laboratory would be an effective way to monitor infection levels, in addition to factors that may affect infection such as climate, diapause, and intermediate host populations.
Discovery of the Most Ultra-Luminous QSO Using GAIA, SkyMapper, and WISE
Authors: Wolf Christian , Bian Fuyan , Onken Christopher A. , Schmidt Brian P. , Tisserand Patrick , Alonzi Noura , Hon Wei Jeat , Tonry John L.
Published: June 2018

We report the discovery of the ultra-luminous quasi-stellar object SMSS J215728.21−360215.1 with magnitude z = 16.9 and W4 = 7.42 at redshift 4.75. Given absolute magnitudes of M145, AB = −29.3, M300, AB = −30.12, and logLbol/Lbol, ⊙ = 14.84, it is the quasi-stellar object with the highest unlensed UV-optical luminosity currently known in the Universe. It was found by combining proper-motion data from Gaia DR2 with photometry from SkyMapper DR1 and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. In the GAIA database, it is an isolated single source and thus unlikely to be strongly gravitationally lensed. It is also unlikely to be a beamed source as it is not discovered in the radio domain by either NRAO-VLA Sky Survey or Sydney University Molonglo Southern Survey. It is classed as a weak-emission-line quasi-stellar object and possesses broad absorption line features. A lightcurve from ATLAS spanning the time from 2015 October to 2017 December shows little sign of variability.
Commentary on Could Captain Scott have been saved? Cecil Meares and the ‘second journey’ that failed
Authors: Alp Bill
Published: June 2018

The article Could Captain Scott have been saved? Cecil Meares and the second journey that failed, by Karen May and Sarah Airriess, first published in Polar Record in 2014 (May & Airriess, 2015), builds a case against Cecil Meares for a failure to restock One Ton Depot in accordance with Scott's instructions. The authors claim that Meares was guilty of disobedience, neglect of duty and ‘obfuscation’. However, their case is diminished – in my view – by three significant mistakes that undermine their charges against Meares. In the three sections below, I identify those mistakes and consider whether the strong claims May and Airriess make about Meares are justified.
Evidence-Based Assessment (EBA) in Psychiatrie, Klinischer Psychologie und Psychotherapie
Authors: Stieglitz Rolf-Dieter , Freyberger Harald J. , Hiller Wolfgang
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung. In der klinischen Praxis gewinnen evidenzbasierte Behandlungsleitlinien zunehmend an Bedeutung. Innerhalb dieser finden sich jedoch nur unbefriedigende Informationen zur Diagnostik, speziell im Hinblick auf eine therapie-begleitende Diagnostik. Der Erfolg einer Therapie, ob Psycho- und/oder Pharmakotherapie, hängt jedoch von der Verzahnung von Therapie und Diagnostik ab, um z.B. den Therapieverlauf und -erfolg zu bewerten und bei Bedarf die therapeutische Strategie zu ändern. Der Ansatz des Evidence-Based Assessment (EBA) bietet hier ein hilfreiches Rahmenmodell und konkrete Vorschläge sowie Kriterien zur Realisierung dieser Verzahnung. Im Beitrag soll EBA vorgestellt sowie anhand ausgewählter Störungsgruppen illustriert werden.
Chalcomoracin is a potent anticancer agent acting through triggering Oxidative stress via a mitophagy- and paraptosis-dependent mechanism
Authors: Han Haote , Chou Chih-Chien , Li Ruyi , Liu Jiangyun , Zhang Lin , Zhu Wei , Hu Jin , Yang Bingxian , Tian Jingkui
Published: June 2018

Chalocomoracin (CMR), one of the major secondary metabolites found in fungus-infected mulberry leaves, is a potent anticancer agent. However, its anticancer mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated the potent anti-tumor activity and molecular mechanism of CMR both in vitro and in vivo. We showed for the first time that CMR treatment markedly promoted paraptosis along with extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, rather than apoptosis, in PC-3 and MDA-MB-231cell lines. Additional studies revealed that ectopic expression of Myc-PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1), a key regulator of mitophagy, rendered LNCap cells susceptible to CMR-induced paraptosis, suggesting that the mitophagy-dependent pathway plays a crucial role in inducing paraptosis by activating PINK1. CMR treatment directly upregulated PINK1 and downregulated Alix genes in MDA-MB-231 and PC-3 cell lines. Furthermore, mitophagy signaling and paraptosis with cytoplasmic vacuolation could be blocked by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), indicating the novel pathway was triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. An in vivo MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor model revealed that CMR suppressed tumor growth by inducing vacuolation production through the same signal changes as those observed in vitro. These data suggest that CMR is a potential therapeutic entity for cancer treatment through a non-apoptotic pathway.
Polyaniline photoluminescence quenching induced by single-walled carbon nanotubes enriched in metallic and semiconducting tubes
Authors: Baibarac Mihaela , Matea Adelina , Daescu Monica , Mercioniu Ionel , Quillard Sophie , Mevellec Jean-Yves , Lefrant Serge
Published: June 2018

The influence of single-walled carbon nanotubes enriched in semiconductor (S-SWNTs) and metallic (M-SWNTs) tubes on the photoluminescence (PL) of polyaniline (PANI), electrosynthesized in the presence of the H2SO4 and HCl solutions, is reported. The emission bands peaked at 407–418 and 440–520 nm indicate that the electropolymerization of aniline (ANI) leads to the formation of short and longer macromolecular chains (MCs), respectively. We demonstrate that the reaction product consists of ANI tetramers (TT) and trimers (TR) as well as PANI-salt. Using Raman scattering and IR absorption spectroscopy, a covalent functionalization of SWNTs with shorter and longer MCs of PANI-salt is demonstrated. The presence of S-SWNTs and M-SWNTs induces a decrease in ANI TT weight in the reaction product mass consisting in S-SWNTs and M-SWNTs covalently functionalized with PANI-emeraldine salt (ES) and PANI-leucoemeraldine salt (LS), respectively. A PANI PL quenching is reported to be induced of the S-SWNTs and M-SWNTs. A de-excitation mechanism is proposed to explain PANI PL quenching.
Improving Fermentation by Product Removal
Authors: Cuellar M. C. , Straathof A. J. J.
Published: June 2018

Fermentation processes are often used in industrial biotechnology to produce compounds that can be used as fuels, bulk and fine chemicals, food and feed ingredients, and pharmaceuticals. In these processes, microorganisms convert a substrate – most commonly sugars – into the target product in bioreactors operating in batch, fed-batch or, in a few cases, continuous mode. Many microbial products, however, inhibit the production, are toxic to the microorganism or are chemically unstable at the fermentation conditions. These processes benefit from product recovery during fermentation, also called In Situ Product Recovery or In Situ Product Removal (ISPR), through yield and productivity enhancement and potential cost reduction. Many proof-of-concepts have been described in the scientific literature for a broad array of products, microorganisms and recovery methods, and a few ISPR processes have been reported at industrial scale. ISPR approaches are currently being extended to microbial products that, although not hindered by inhibition, toxicity or degradation, would benefit of uncoupling the residence times of product, microbial cells and aqueous phase. In this chapter the state of the art of ISPR is discussed, with an emphasis on process design considerations.
The chemical NJ15 affects hypocotyl elongation and shoot gravitropism via cutin polymerization
Authors: Jaroensanti-Tanaka Naiyanate , Miyazaki Sho , Hosoi Akito , Tanaka Keisuke , Ito Shinsaku , Iuchi Satoshi , Nakano Takeshi , Kobayashi Masatomo , Nakajima Masatoshi , Asami Tadao
Published: June 2018

We previously found a chemical, designated as NJ15, which inhibited both auxin and brassinosteroid responses in dark-grown Arabidopsis. To study its mode of action, we performed a phenotypic screening of NJ15-low-sensitive lines among mutant pools of Arabidopsis. One line (f127) showed clear NJ15-low-sensitivity in terms of hypocotyl elongation and shoot gravitropism. After further testing, it was determined that DCR, an enzyme involved in cutin polymerization, had lost its function in the mutant, which caused its low sensitivity to NJ15. Fatty acids are the base materials for polymers such as cutin and cuticular wax. We confirmed that NJ15 affects fatty acid biosynthesis, and that it does differently from cafenstrole, a known inhibitor of cuticular wax formation. Based on these results, we propose that the target of NJ15 is likely located within the cutin polymer formation pathway.

Abbreviations: Caf: cafenstrole; DEG: differentially expressed gene; FDR: false discovery rate; FOX: full length cDNA-overexpressor; VLCFA: very-long-chain fatty acid
Which results of the standard test in community weighted mean approach are too optimistic?
Authors: Zelený David
Published: June 2018

Questions

Community weighted mean (CWM) approach analyses the relationship species attributes (like traits or Ellenberg-type indicator values) to sample attributes (environmental variables). Recently it has been shown to suffer from inflated Type I error rate if tested by standard parametric or (row-based) permutation test. Results of many published studies are likely influenced, reporting overly optimistic relationships that are in fact merely a numerical artefact. Can we evaluate results of which studies are likely to be influenced and how much?

Methods

I suggest that hypotheses commonly tested by CWM approach are classified into three categories, which differ by assumption they make about the link of species composition to either species or sample attributes. I used a set of simulated and one simple real dataset to show how is the inflated Type I error rate influenced by data characteristics.

Results

For hypotheses assuming the link of species composition to species attributes, CWM approach with standard test returns correct Type I error rate. However, for the other two categories (assuming link of species composition to sample attributes or not assuming any link) it returns inflated Type I error rate and requires alternative tests to control for it (column-based and max test, respectively). Inflation index is negatively related to the beta diversity of species composition and positively to the strength of species composition-sample attributes relationship and the number of samples in the dataset. Inflation index is also influenced by modifying species composition matrix (by transformation or removal of species). The relationship of CWM with intrinsic species attributes is a case of spurious correlation and can be tested by column-based (modified) permutation test.

Conclusions

The concept of three hypothesis categories offers a simple tool to evaluate whether given study reports correct or inflated Type I error rate, and how inflated the rate can be.
Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ulmus glabra
Authors: Thomas Peter A. , Stone Duncan , La Porta Nicola
Published: June 2018

This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Ulmus glabra Hudson (wych elm) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation.

Ulmus glabra is a large forest tree, and often an important canopy tree in ancient and semi‐natural woodlands. It is primarily native to the north and west of Britain and much of mainland Europe. It is the only elm native to Ireland. It is the most distinct of the British elms in that it rarely suckers and sets abundant viable seed. Although found on limestone screes and cliffs, and hedgerows, it is primarily a woodland tree, especially on moist, basic soils. In many secondary woodlands, it often co‐occurs with Acer pseudoplatanus and has ecological needs that are similar to Fraxinus excelsior.

Ulmus glabra has clusters of c. 25 hermaphrodite flowers appearing before the leaves on previous year’s growth. Seeds are wind‐dispersed, falling in April to July, but remain viable for only a few days. Nevertheless, seedling establishment can be abundant. Hybridisation with other northern European elms is common but hybrids are notoriously difficult to identify and therefore probably under‐recorded.

The health and survival of wych elm in Europe has been seriously compromised since the 1970s due to Dutch elm disease caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi, transmitted by elm bark beetles (Scolytus spp.). To the south of its Scottish stronghold, many elms are reduced to small trees regrowing from basal sprouts or seeds. These trees tend to be reinfected once trunk diameter exceeds 10 cm. Fortunately for its long‐term survival, seed production usually begins a number of years before they are reinfected.
Effect of pile-driving sounds on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) hearing
Authors: Kastelein Ronald A. , Helder-Hoek Lean , Kommeren Aimée , Covi Jennifer , Gransier Robin
Published: June 2018

Seals exposed to intense sounds may suffer hearing loss. After exposure to playbacks of broadband pile-driving sounds, the temporary hearing threshold shift (TTS) of two harbor seals was quantified at 4 and 8 kHz (frequencies of the highest TTS) with a psychoacoustic technique. The pile-driving sounds had: a 127 ms pulse duration, 2760 strikes per h, a 1.3 s inter-pulse interval, a ∼9.5% duty cycle, and an average received single-strike unweighted sound exposure level (SELss) of 151 dB re 1 μPa2s. Exposure durations were 180 and 360 min [cumulative sound exposure level (SELcum): 190 and 193 dB re 1 μPa2s]. Control sessions were conducted under low ambient noise. TTS only occurred after 360 min exposures (mean TTS: seal 02, 1–4 min after sound stopped: 3.9 dB at 4 kHz and 2.4 dB at 8 kHz; seal 01, 12–16 min after sound stopped: 2.8 dB at 4 kHz and 2.6 dB at 8 kHz). Hearing recovered within 60 min post-exposure. The TTSs were small, due to the small amount of sound energy to which the seals were exposed. Biological TTS onset SELcum for the pile-driving sounds used in this study is around 192 dB re 1 μPa2s (for mean received SELss of 151 dB re 1 μPa and a duty cycle of ∼9.5%).
Auto-ignition characteristics of diesel fuel in an O2–CO2 mixture
Authors: Liu Yongfeng , Zhao Tianpeng , Li Zhijun , Wang Fang , Yao Shengzhuo , Liang Xingyu , He Xu
Published: June 2018

To study diesel fuel auto-ignition in an O2–CO2 mixture, a TZ (temperature zone) model is proposed. The effect of O2 and CO2 on reaction rate is considered. The relationship between temperature and ignition delay time is obtained. Different reduced mechanisms based on steady-state assumptions are applied in three temperature zones (T ≤ 800 K, 800 K < T ≤ 1100 K, T > 1100 K). The TZ model is coupled to KIVA-3V code for simulation calculations. To support the simulations, a constant-volume combustion bomb test bench is set up to visualize diesel fuel auto-ignition in air (21%O2–79%N2), a 53%O2–47%CO2 mixture, and a 61%O2–39%CO2 mixture. Ignition delay time and the flame image in these three conditions are compared and analyzed. Then the flame temperature contour and the flame lift-off length in a 53%O2–47%CO2 mixture and a 61%O2–39%CO2 mixture are analyzed. The results show that diesel fuel auto-ignition can be achieved in the tested O2–CO2 mixture. The TZ model can predict the auto-ignition characteristics of diesel fuel in a 53%O2–47%CO2 mixture and a 61%O2–39%CO2, with errors of 12% and 10%, respectively. In these two conditions, the ignition delay time and flame lift-off length are shorter than they are in air.
A Dislocation Density-Based Viscoplasticity Model for Cyclic Deformation: Application to P91 Steel
Authors: He Xu , Yao Yao
Published: June 2018

To describe the viscoplastic behavior of materials under cyclic loading, a dislocation density-based constitutive model is developed based on the unified constitutive theory in which both the creep and plastic strain are integrated into an inelastic strain tensor. The stress evolution during cyclic deformation is caused by the mutual competition and interaction between hardening and recovery. To incorporate the physical mechanisms of cyclic deformation, the change of mobile dislocation density is associated with inelastic stain in the proposed model. The evolution of immobile dislocation density induced by strain hardening, dynamic recovery, static recovery and strain-induced recovery are simulated separately. The deterioration of yield strength following the hardening in tension (or compression) and subsequently in compression (or tension) is described by the Bauschinger effect and reduction of immobile dislocation density, the latter is induced by static- and strain-induced recovery. A kinematic hardening law based on dislocation density is proposed, both isotropic hardening and softening are described by determining the evolution of hardening parameters. The experimental data of P91 steel under different strain rates and temperatures are adopted to verify the proposed model. In general, the numerical predictions agree well with the experimental results. It is demonstrated that the developed model can accurately describe the hardening rate change, the yield strength deterioration and the softening under cyclic loading.
THE REFLECTION OF NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN KYRGUZ POETRY
Authors: Исаева Сайрабубу , Isaeva Sayrabubu
Published: June 2018

The article is subjected to analyze the poet of «Ak maktym» is laureate of Toktogul State Prize of the Kyrgyz Republic, peoples poet of Kyrgyz Republic A. Omurkanov who is a member of «The spot of the sun» published in 1999.

The author exposing the specific examples reveals the (peculiarity) of novelty was written by on basic of well – known story of national legends, there was a special emphasis on the poets skill in working with creativity (literary) words and expose the bright and accurate images
Fuel up
Authors: Russell Meredith Jones , Atkinson Nathan
Published: June 2018

One project is feeding children while teaching sustainability. By Meredith Jones Russell
Newborn and infant physical examination standards in a dedicated clinic for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Humphry S , Thompson D , Evans R , Price N , Williams P
Published: June 2018

Introduction

In 2014 our centre started a dedicated clinic for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The aim of the clinic was to streamline DDH referrals, enabling timely review, imaging and multidisciplinary treatment. Ongoing audit has been carried out based on the UK National Screening Committee newborn and infant physical examination (NIPE) guidelines, first published in 2008.

Methods

A three-year prospective audit was undertaken between 2014 and 2016 assessing compliance with NIPE standards (ST2b and ST2d) relating to timeliness of expert consultation following positive ultrasonography findings of DDH with positive examination or risk factors.

Results

A total of 257 babies born between January 2014 and December 2016 were seen in our dedicated DDH clinic, with 106 with abnormalities on ultrasonography and 54 requiring treatment. Compliance with ‘expert consultation within 4 weeks of age for babies with an abnormality detected on clinical examination and positive ultrasonography’ improved from 50% in 2014 to 53% in 2015 and 71% in 2016. Compliance with ‘expert consultation within 8 weeks of age for babies with positive risk factors, negative examination and positive ultrasonography’ improved from 65% in 2014 to 93% in 2015 and 100% in 2016.

Conclusions

This prospective audit assessing timeliness of expert consultation has demonstrated ongoing improvements between 2014 and 2016. A greater proportion of babies with ultrasonography evidence of DDH have been seen at the appropriate time. In the majority of cases, this has enabled timely non-invasive treatment with a Pavlik harness rather than surgery.
Desafíos actuales de la educación: navegando entre la incertidumbre y las certezas.
Authors: Fabro Ana Patricia
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo propone reflexionar sobre los desafíos actuales de la educación, realizando un análisis de las diferentes miradas que fueron emergiendo en el campo de la enseñanza y los aprendizajes.

Para entender de forma cabal la tarea de educar, es preciso revisar la concepción asentada en la simplicidad y construir otra que se sustente en la complejidad. Al decir de Miguel Ángel Santos Guerra, es un error de graves consecuencias pensar a la tarea educativa desde un paradigma simplificante.

Edgar Morin señala "que un pensamiento parcelario, compartimental, dispersivo, que rompe el conjunto, es miope, présbita y ciego”. Considerar a la educación como una tarea basada en la linealidad, simplicidad, orden y certidumbre, impide la comprensión de un mundo que es contrario a ello: complejo y aleatorio.

Los docentes debemos enfrentar entonces, el desafío de formar a nuestros alumnos para un universo complejo de incertidumbres, para un mundo que cambia a diario y que perturba por su inestabilidad, preparándolos para que asuman un aprendizaje autónomo, para que puedan elegir estrategias y para que aprendan a tomar decisiones.
Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris Using Positive and Negative Pressure Irrigation Systems in Association with Different Irrigants
Authors: Barbosa-Ribeiro Marlos , Arruda-Vasconcelos Rodrigo , Fabretti Fabio L. , Silva Emmanuel J. N. L , De-Deus Gustavo , Gomes Brenda P. F. A.
Published: June 2018

Abstract This study evaluated the amount of apically extruded debris after chemo-mechanical preparation (CMP) using positive and negative pressure irrigation systems [Conventional irrigation (CI) and EndoVac (EV)] in association with different irrigants [6% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% Chlorhexidine gel + saline solution (CHXg + SS), 2% Chlorhexidine solution (CHXs) or Saline solution (SS)]. Eighty mandibular premolars with single root canals were selected and randomly assigned into 8 groups (n = 10) according to the irrigation system and the irrigant used during CMP: G1 (EV + NaOCl), G2 (EV + CHXg + SS), G3 (EV + CHXs), G4 (EV + SS), G5 (CI + NaOCl), G6 (CI + CHXg + SS), G7 (CI + CHXs) and G8 (CI + SS). Reciproc® R25 files (25/.08) were used during the CMP and the extruded debris from each tooth was collected in pre-weighted Eppendorf tubes and dried. The average weight of debris was assessed using a microbalance, and the data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey’s test (a = 0.05). All groups were associated with debris extrusion. EV was the irrigation system with less extruded debris (p < 0.05). No differences were observed regarding the irrigant when EV was used. When CI was used, CHXg + SS were associated with lower debris extrusion (p < 0.05). It was concluded that no irrigation protocol succeeded in preventing debris extrusion. EV resulted in lower levels of debris extrusion than CI. The use of CHXg + SS resulted in lower debris extrusion.
Influence of land configuration on rain water use efficiency, yield and economics of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in maize-cowpea sequence cropping under rainfed condition of Northern Transitional Zone
Authors: Halli Hanamant M. , Angadi S. S.
Published: June 2018

The main aim of land configurations is in situ conservation of soil moisture by increasing the opportunity time for augmented water use efficiency and drain out excess water. The field study was conducted for two years under rainfed conditions of Dharwad on residual soil moisture and fertility. Cowpea produced higher grain yield (13.4 q ha-1), haulm yield (25.6 q ha-1) and harvest index (34.4 %) with Broad Bed and Furrow (BBF) method of planting. Similarly, BBF method resulted in higher soil moisture content (32.09 % at 40 DAS) and rain water use efficiency (RWUE) of 5.96 kg ha-mm-1. The RWUE had a significant and highly positive correlation with soil moisture at 40 and 55 DAS (with r value of r=0.94** and r=0.96**, respectively). BBF method of planting also registered higher gross return (Rs.42725 ha-1), net return (¹ 27515 ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (2.82). Cowpea can be grown successfully after summer maize on existing BBF configuration for higher yield and rain water use efficiency.
Relationships between violent video games and cognition
Authors: Baykal Nur Baser , Irak Metehan
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectives: The differential effects of playing violent video games on information processing has become an issue of concern. Neuropsychological studies provide inconsistent results regarding the effects of playing excessive video games on information processing. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of violent video games on various cognitive processes, specifically working memory, object recognition, and visual-spatial perception. The relationships between violent video game addiction and aggression, personality, and craving were also investigated. Method: 54 university students were classified into three different groups (addicted, risk, and control) according to the time they spent game playing and their Game Addiction Scale scores. Results: Game addicted individuals have higher scores on aggression, craving, urging, and psychoticism than other groups. Significant differences in reaction times during cognitive tasks were also found. The game addicted groupâ€™s reaction times were significantly faster than for risk and non-player groups. Conclusion: This study supports previous findings that violent game playing is related with aggressive thoughts, craving, and urging. However, violent game addiction does not have negative effects on working memory, object recognition, and visual-spatial perception.

Keywords: Game addiction, violent games, aggression, cognition.
EVIDÊNCIAS DE ISOMORFISMO NAS PRÁTICAS DE CONTABILIDADE GERENCIAL: UM ESTUDO ENTRE EMPRESAS DA INDÚSTRIA DE ÁGUA MINERAL DA PARAÍBA.
Authors: Almeida Karla Katiúscia Nóbrega de , Callado Antônio André Cunha
Published: June 2018

Pela lente da Nova Sociologia Institucional, as práticas de contabilidade gerencial podem ser institucionalizadas nas organizações que buscam legitimação, que por sua vez, as conduzem a serem mais semelhantes entre si, sendo essa “homogeneização” captada pelo isomorfismo. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi investigar práticas de contabilidade gerencial entre empresas dedicadas à fabricação de água mineral envasadas no Estado da Paraíba em busca de evidências de isomorfismo. Para a operacionalização desta pesquisa foi realizado um estudo exploratório e descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, junto a quatro dessas empresas, cadastradas na Federação das Indústrias do Estado da Paraíba - FIEP-PB, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com seus gestores. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a presença de comportamento isomórfico acerca dos procedimentos de custeio, bem como dos procedimentos referentes à avaliação de desempenho no âmbito das empresas investigadas.Palavras-chave: Controladoria. Práticas de contabilidade gerencial. Isomorfismo.
АНАЛІЗ ХУДОЖНЬО-ОБРАЗНИХ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО КОСТЮМА НА ОСНОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТВОРЧОЇ СПАДЩИНИ ДОМІНІКА ДЕ ЛЯ ФЛІЗА
Authors: Паранько Н. П.
Published: June 2018

Research of artistic and compositional characteristics of the folk costume on the basis of the structural analysis of the creative heritage of the researcher Dominique dela Flise for their further use in the design of modern clothing. The research uses a literary and analytical, system and structural analysis of the form, decoration and color range of the Ukrainian women's outerwear. The conducted researches make it possible to identify the most characteristic structural, artistic and compositional features of the formation and coloring of Ukrainian suits and skirts in order to design promising forms of modern outerwear of the autumn-spring type. For the first time a scientific analysis and systematization of compositional characteristics of a variety of forms, decoration and colouristics of women's suits and skirts were conducted on the basis of studying and structuring of the original documents from the creative heritage of the researcher of the Ukrainian folk culture, Dominique Pierre dela Flise. The research results presented will be used in designing modern fashion models based on Ukrainian folk costume