bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Peroxidase‐Like Performance of Gold Nanoparticles by Hot Electrons
Authors: Wang Chen , Shi Yi , Dan Yuan‐Yuan , Nie Xing‐Guo , Li Jian , Xia Xing‐Hua
Published: February 2017

Enzyme mimics have been widely used as alternatives to natural enzymes. However, the catalytic performances of enzyme mimics are often decreased due to different spatial structures or absence of functional groups compared to natural enzymes. Here, we report a highly efficient enzyme‐like catalytic performance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by visible‐light stimulation. The enzyme‐like reaction is evaluated by the catalytic reaction of AuNPs oxidizing a typical chromogenic substrate 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzydine (TMB) with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. From investigations of the wavelength‐dependent reaction rate, radical capture, hole‐donor addition, and dark‐field scattering spectroscopy experiments, it is revealed that the strong plasmonic absorption of AuNPs facilitates generation of hot electrons, which are transfered from AuNPs to the adsorbed reactant molecule, greatly promoting the catalytic performance of the enzyme‐like catalytic reaction. The present work provides a simple method for improving the performance of enzyme mimics, which is expected to find further application in the field of plasmon‐enhanced biocatalysis and biosensors.
Luminescent Bis‐Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes with Alkynyl Ligands of Hexaphenylbenzene and Hexabenzocoronene Derivatives and Their Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Yim King‐Chin , Au Vonika Ka‐Man , Wong Keith Man‐Chung , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: February 2017

A series of luminescent bis‐cyclometalated gold(III) complexes with different nuclearities and various alkynyl ligands derived from hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) and hexabenzocoronene (HBC) have been synthesized. The energies of the low‐energy metal‐perturbed intraligand (IL) π–π*(R−C^N^C) absorptions of the HPB–alkynyl gold(III) complexes have been fine‐tuned by attaching various substituent groups to the bis‐cyclometalating ligands. Similarly, the metal‐perturbed 3IL [π→π*(R−C^N^C)] emissions of the complexes show energy shifts according to the electronic nature of the bis‐cyclometalating ligands. On the contrary, the absorption and emission spectra of the HBC–alkynyl gold(III) complex have been assigned as dominated by the IL transitions of the HBC–alkynyl unit, as supported by transient absorption studies. The supramolecular assembly morphologies of the gold(III) complexes have been studied by TEM and SEM, along with comparisons across different complexes based on the molecular structures, and their assembly processes monitored by concentration‐dependent and variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy studies.
Designed Synthesis of Lipid‐Coated Polyacrylic Acid/Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles as Dual pH‐Responsive Drug‐Delivery Vehicles for Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Manjie , Zhang Lingyu , Li Lu , Li Shengnan , Wang Chungang , Su Zhongmin , Yuan Yue , Pan Weisan
Published: February 2017

Herein, we report a facile strategy to prepare supported lipid‐bilayer‐coated polyacrylic acid/calcium phosphate nanoparticles (designated as PAA/CaP@SLB NPs) as a new dual pH‐responsive drug‐delivery platform for cancer chemotherapy. The synthesized PAA/CaP NPs exhibited both a high payload of doxorubicin (DOX) and dual pH‐responsive drug‐release properties. Additionally, the coated lipid bilayer had the ability to enhance the cellular uptake of PAA/CaP NPs without affecting the pH‐responsive drug release. Moreover, the blank PAA/CaP@SLB NPs exhibited excellent biocompatibility and the DOX‐loaded PAA/CaP@SLB NPs markedly increased the cellular accumulation of DOX and its cytotoxic effects on HepG‐2 cells. Furthermore, when used to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic efficacy in mice with the hepatocarcinoma cell line (H‐22), the DOX‐loaded PAA/CaP@SLB NPs exhibited superior inhibition of tumor growth compared with the free DOX group. Thus, PAA/CaP@SLB NPs are a promising drug‐delivery vehicle to increase the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs.
Probing Zeolite Crystal Architecture and Structural Imperfections using Differently Sized Fluorescent Organic Probe Molecules
Authors: Hendriks Frank C. , Schmidt Joel E. , Rombouts Jeroen A. , Lammertsma Koop , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: February 2017

A micro‐spectroscopic method has been developed to probe the accessibility of zeolite crystals using a series of fluorescent 4‐(4‐diethylaminostyryl)‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide (DAMPI) probes of increasing molecular size. Staining large zeolite crystals with MFI (ZSM‐5) topology and subsequent mapping of the resulting fluorescence using confocal fluorescence microscopy reveal differences in structural integrity: the 90° intergrowth sections of MFI crystals are prone to develop structural imperfections, which act as entrance routes for the probes into the zeolite crystal. Polarization‐dependent measurements provide evidence for the probe molecule's alignment within the MFI zeolite pore system. The developed method was extended to BEA (Beta) crystals, showing that the previously observed hourglass pattern is a general feature of BEA crystals with this morphology. Furthermore, the probes can accurately identify at which crystal faces of BEA straight or sinusoidal pores open to the surface. The results show this method can spatially resolve the architecture‐dependent internal pore structure of microporous materials, which is difficult to assess using other characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction.
Short Total Synthesis of (±)‐γ‐Lycorane by a Sequential Intramolecular Acylal Cyclisation (IAC) and Intramolecular Heck Addition Reaction
Authors: Monaco Alessandra , Szulc Blanka R. , Rao Zenobia X. , Barniol‐Xicota Marta , Sehailia Moussa , Borges Bruno M. A. , Hilton Stephen T.
Published: February 2017

An intramolecular acylal cyclisation (IAC) approach to the synthesis of a range of bicyclic heterocycles is reported. As an example of the utility of the IAC reaction, the methodology was applied in a protecting‐group‐free five‐step total synthesis of (±)‐γ‐lycorane, incorporating a new intramolecular Heck addition reaction to generate the pentacyclic core structure of the natural product in good yield.
Direct Synthesis of Highly Designable Hybrid Metal Hydroxide Nanosheets by Using Tripodal Ligands as One‐Size‐Fits‐All Modifiers
Authors: Kuroda Yoshiyuki , Koichi Tatsuyuki , Muramatsu Keisuke , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka , Shimojima Atsushi , Wada Hiroaki , Kuroda Kazuyuki
Published: February 2017

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Yoshiyuki Kuroda and Kazuyuki Kuroda at the Waseda University in Tokyo. The image depicts how the production of diverse metal hydroxide nanosheets can be standardized in the same way as Sushi. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201605698.
Inorganic and Organometallic Molecular Wires for Single‐Molecule Devices
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Kiguchi Manabu , Akita Munetaka
Published: February 2017

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Y. Tanaka and M. Akita at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. The image depicts the jigsaw puzzle of inorganic and organometallic molecular wires, in which their functionality can be easily tuned by changing their transition metal centers. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201604812.
NHC‐Catalyzed Metathesis and Phosphorylation Reactions of Disulfides: Development and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Crocker Reece D. , Hussein Mohanad A. , Ho Junming , Nguyen Thanh V.
Published: February 2017

The development of efficient methods for the metathesis and phosphorylation reactions of disulfide compounds is of widespread interest due to their important synthetic utility in polymer, biological, medicinal and agricultural chemistry. Herein, we demonstrate the use of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as versatile organocatalysts to promote these challenging reactions under mild conditions. This metal‐ and oxidant‐free protocol is operationally simple with very short reaction times. The interplay between the nucleophilicity and basicity of NHCs in these reactions were also elucidated by NMR studies and high‐level ab initio calculations.
Effets des conceptions de l'erreur, de la motivation à apprendre et du soutien social sur l'intention de transférer les nouveaux apprentissages : un modèle de médiation modérée
Authors: Lauzier Martin , Mercier Geneviève
Published: February 2017

This study aims to assess whether trainees' errors orientation can influence their motivation to learn and their intention to transfer learning. Data were collected from 275 trainees participating in a corporate training program offered by a Canadian government agency. Results show that the concept of learning by error positively influences trainees' levels of motivation and their intention to transfer learning. Results also confirm the mediating role motivation plays between the concept of learning by error and the intention of transferring learning. Finally, results confirm the moderating role of social support on the relationship between motivation to learn and the intention to transfer learning. Practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Divergent roles of β‐ and γ‐actin isoforms during spread of vaccinia virus
Authors: Marzook N. Bishara , Latham Sharissa L. , Lynn Helena , Mckenzie Christopher , Chaponnier Christine , Grau Georges E. , Newsome Timothy P.
Published: February 2017

Actin is a major component of the cytoskeleton and is present as two isoforms in non‐muscle cells: β‐ and γ‐cytoplasmic actin. These isoforms are strikingly conserved, differing by only four N‐terminal amino acids. During spread from infected cells, vaccinia virus (VACV) particles induce localized actin nucleation that propel virus to surrounding cells and facilitate cell‐to‐cell spread of infection. Here we show that virus‐tipped actin comets are composed of β‐ and γ‐actin. We employed isoform‐specific siRNA knockdown to examine the role of the two isoforms in VACV‐induced actin comets. Despite the high level of similarity between the actin isoforms, and their colocalization, VACV‐induced actin nucleation was dependent exclusively on β‐actin. Knockdown of β‐actin led to a reduction in the release of virus from infected cells, a phenotype dependent on virus‐induced Arp2/3 complex activity. We suggest that local concentrations of actin isoforms may regulate the activity of cellular actin nucleator complexes.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Identified and Putative Metabolites of the A1 Adenosine Receptor Antagonist 8‐Cyclopentyl‐3‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐1‐propylxanthine (CPFPX)
Authors: Holschbach Marcus H. , Bier Dirk , Sihver Wiebke , Schulze Annette , Neumaier Bernd
Published: February 2017

The A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) antagonist [18F]8‐cyclopentyl‐3‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐1‐propylxanthine ([18F]CPFPX), used in imaging human brain A1ARs by positron emission tomography (PET), is stable in the brain, but rapidly undergoes transformation into one major (3‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐8‐(3‐oxocyclopenten‐1‐yl)‐1‐propylxanthine, M1) and several minor metabolites in blood. This report describes the synthesis of putative metabolites of CPFPX as standards for the identification of those metabolites. Analysis by (radio)HPLC revealed that extracts of human liver microsomes incubated with no‐carrier‐added (n.c.a.)[18F]CPFPX contain the major metabolite, M1, as well as radioactive metabolites corresponding to derivatives functionalized at the cyclopentyl moiety, but no N1‐despropyl species or metabolites resulting from functionalization of the N3‐fluoropropyl chain. The putative metabolites were found to displace the binding of [3H]CPFPX to the A1AR in pig brain cortex at Ki values between 1.9 and 380 nm and the binding of [3H]ZM241385 to the A2AAR in pig striatum at Ki values >180 nm. One metabolite, a derivative functionalized at the ω‐position of the N1‐propyl chain, showed high affinity (Ki 2 nm) to and very good selectivity (>9000) for the A1AR.
Optimization of Bicyclic Lactam Derivatives as NMDA Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Espadinha Margarida , Dourado Jorge , Lajarin‐Cuesta Rocio , Herrera‐Arozamena Clara , Gonçalves Lidia M. D. , Rodríguez‐Franco María Isabel , de los Rios Cristobal , Santos Maria M. M.
Published: February 2017

N‐Methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors are fundamental for the normal function of the central nervous system (CNS), and play an important role in memory and learning. Over‐activation of these receptors leads to neuronal loss associated with major neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. In this study, 22 novel enantiopure bicyclic lactams were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as NMDA receptor antagonists. Most of the new compounds displayed NMDA receptor antagonism, and the most promising compound showed an IC50 value on the same order of magnitude as that of memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist in clinical use for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Further biological evaluation indicated that this compound is brain permeable (determined by an in vitro assay) and non‐hepatotoxic. All these results indicate that (3S,7aS)‐7a‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3‐(4‐hydroxybenzyl)tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1‐b]oxazol‐5(6H)‐one (compound 5 b) is a potential candidate for the treatment of pathologies associated with the over‐activation of NMDA receptors.
Theranostic Nanoparticles Loaded with Imaging Probes and Rubrocurcumin for Combined Cancer Therapy by Folate Receptor Targeting
Authors: Alberti Diego , Protti Nicoletta , Franck Morgane , Stefania Rachele , Bortolussi Silva , Altieri Saverio , Deagostino Annamaria , Aime Silvio , Geninatti Crich Simonetta
Published: February 2017

The combination of different therapeutic modalities is a promising option to combat the recurrence of tumors. In this study, polylactic and polyglycolic acid nanoparticles were used for the simultaneous delivery of a boron–curcumin complex (RbCur) and an amphiphilic gadolinium complex into tumor cells with the aim of performing boron and gadolinium neutron capture therapy (NCT) in conjunction with the additional antiproliferative effects of curcumin. Furthermore, the use of Gd complexes allows magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of the amount of B and Gd internalized by tumor cells. Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were targeted to ovarian cancer (IGROV‐1) cells through folate receptors, by including in the formulation a PEGylated phospholipid functionalized with the folate moiety. NCT was performed on IGROV‐1 cells internalizing 6.4 and 78.6 μg g−1 of 10B and 157Gd, respectively. The synergic action of neutron treatment and curcumin cytotoxicity was shown to result in a significant therapeutic improvement.
Do cancer survivors change their prescription drug use for financial reasons? Findings from a nationally representative sample in the United States
Authors: Zheng Zhiyuan , Han Xuesong , Guy Gery P. , Davidoff Amy J. , Li Chunyu , Banegas Matthew P. , Ekwueme Donatus U. , Yabroff K. Robin , Jemal Ahmedin
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

There is limited evidence from nationally representative samples about changes in prescription drug use for financial reasons among cancer survivors in the United States.

METHODS

The 2011 to 2014 National Health Interview Survey was used to identify adults who reported ever having been told they had cancer (cancer survivors; n = 8931) and individuals without a cancer history (n = 126,287). Measures of changes in prescription drug use for financial reasons included: 1) skipping medication doses, 2) taking less medicine, 3) delaying filling a prescription, 4) asking a doctor for lower cost medication, 5) buying prescription drugs from another country, and 6) using alternative therapies. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were controlled for demographic characteristics, number of comorbid conditions, interactions between cancer history and number of comorbid conditions, and health insurance coverage. Main analyses were stratified by age (nonelderly, ages 18‐64 years; elderly, ages ≥65 years) and time since diagnosis (recently diagnosed, <2 years; previously diagnosed, ≥2 years).

RESULTS

Among nonelderly individuals, both recently diagnosed (31.6%) and previously diagnosed (27.9%) cancer survivors were more likely to report any change in prescription drug use for financial reasons than those without a cancer history (21.4%), with the excess percentage changes for individual measures ranging from 3.5% to 9.9% among previously diagnosed survivors and from 2.6% to 2.7% among recently diagnosed survivors (P < .01). Elderly cancer survivors and those without a cancer history had comparable rates of changes in prescription drug use for financial reasons.

CONCLUSIONS

Nonelderly cancer survivors are particularly vulnerable to changes in prescription drug use for financial reasons, suggesting that targeted efforts are needed. Cancer 2017;123:1453–1463. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Environmental Impact of Ionic Liquids: Automated Evaluation of the Chemical Oxygen Demand of Photochemically Degraded Compounds
Authors: Costa Susana P. F. , Pereira Sarah A. P. , Pinto Paula C. A. G. , Araujo André R. T. S. , Passos Marieta L. C. , Saraiva M. Lúcia M. F. S.
Published: February 2017

A novel automated fluorimetric technique was developed for the assessment of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of ionic liquids (ILs) and combined with a photodegradation step to promote IL degradation. The method was implemented on a sequential injection analysis (SIA) system and is based on the reduction of cerium(IV) in the presence of irradiated ILs. Compounds incorporating the chloride anion were found to exhibit higher COD values and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]+[Cl]−), 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium chloride ([bmpyr]+[Cl]−), and1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([hmim]+[Cl]−) also exhibited considerable photodegradability, whereas the cholinium cation and methanesulfonate and tetrafluoroborate anions showed resistance to photolysis. The developed methodology proved to be a simple, affordable, and robust method, showing good repeatability under the tested conditions (rsd <3.5 %, n=10). Therefore, it is expected that the developed approach can be used as a screening method for the preliminary evaluation of compounds′ potential impact in the aquatic field. Additionally, the photolysis step presents an attractive option to promote degradation of ILs prior to their release into wastewater.
Thermally Stable Energetic Salts Composed of Heterocyclic Anions and Cations Based on 3,6,7‐Triamino‐7 H‐s‐triazolo[5,1‐c]‐s‐triazole: Synthesis and Intermolecular Interaction Study
Authors: Ma Qing , Fan Guijuan , Liao Longyu , Lu Huanchang , Chen Ya , Huang Jinglun
Published: February 2017

To create intermolecular N−H⋅⋅⋅O and N−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen‐bond (HB) interactions, a series of energetic N‐heterocyclic anions including polynitro‐ and multi‐nitrogen anions were introduced into the 3,6,7‐triamino‐7 H‐s‐triazolo[5,1‐c]‐s‐triazole (TATT) cation to get numerous novel energetic salts. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction was employed to confirm the crystal structure and crystal packing properties of compounds 2⋅H2O, 6, and 9. Additionally, Hirshfeld surface analysis and atoms‐in‐molecules topology analysis provided insights into the intermolecular hydrogen‐bond interaction of these new salts. With the assistance of the EXPLO5 program, the detonation velocities, detonation pressures, and specific impulses of the salts were found to fall in the ranges 8113–9477 m s−1, 24.1–31.4 GPa, and 203.2–224.2 s, respectively. The predicted detonation performance indicate that all the energetic salts based on TATT are similar to those of 1,3,5‐trinitroperhydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) or even overtake octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX), which reveal that they can be candidates for the future insensitive high‐performance energetic materials (IHPEMs).
Massive versus lightweight building: the latest investigations of (ecological) sustainability assessment
Authors: Pohl Sebastian , Graubner Carl‐Alexander
Published: February 2017

Over recent years, the authors have released various research findings concerning the sustainability of masonry construction for detached houses [1] and apartment buildings [2] in comparison with alternative construction methods (timber, reinforced concrete). Meanwhile, in cooperation between the Institute for Concrete and Masonry Structures, TU Darmstadt, and its spinoff LCEE Life Cycle Engineering Experts, these analyses have been merged to a further study with increased consideration of all relevant construction methods for multi‐floor residential buildings; preliminary results have already been presented in this journal [3]. The following paper now shows the final findings including data updates, added construction variants (imported timber scenario) and extended life cycles (50 and 80 years).
Massive versus lightweight construction in residential building
Authors: Walberg Dietmar
Published: February 2017

Masonry as the primary form of construction is currently the most economic option for the building of multi‐storey apartment blocks in Germany in order to provide affordable housing. It can however also be stated that there is definitely further rationalisation potential in masonry construction, in contrast to lightweight construction.

In comparison to masonry construction, lightweight building methods show no apparent economic advantages, the ecological balance is objectively equivalent and the fire protection and sound insulation properties have to be provided technically and constructively at high cost in order to comply with the same requirements.

Under consideration of a realistic and objective assessment, there is therefore no reason to promote the use of lightweight building methods, such as timber‐frame, from their current status as niche products, especially for residential building.
Cost‐effectiveness of nearly zero energy detached houses
Authors: Holm Andreas , Kagerer Florian , Sprengard Christoph , Walberg Dietmar , Gniechwitz Timo
Published: February 2017

While new buildings or appropriately carried out refurbishment can already show considerable potential for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions with the available technology and definite measures, a certain ”last mile“ problem would arise if the requirements were made increasingly stringent toward zero‐energy building: the more saved in the overall balance, the more laborious are the measures that have to be introduced.

Using the example of a typical detached house, this article eva luates variants for the building envelope and building supply systems from the viewpoints of energy‐saving and economy, and derives the possible consequences for future requirements and the arrangement of the framework conditions.
Competency‐based education presents opportunities, challenges
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: February 2017

Offering competency‐based courses and programs can help your institution boost enrollment by attracting adult students. But implementing competency‐based offerings presents challenges.
The ugly truth about sexual harassment
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: February 2017

If you are a regular reader of this column you know that I try to keep it upbeat. I have a Pollyanna‐type personality and insist on a positive team around me.
Provide guided pathways to give students a map to success
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: February 2017

SAN ANTONIO, Texas — Most students start college with a clear goal in mind. They expect to graduate, and if they are starting at a community college, most plan to go on to earn a bachelor's degree.
Two unusual variants of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and their potential pitfalls on fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Richmond Abby M. , Mehrotra Sanjana
Published: February 2017

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration is increasingly utilized for the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. Although operator dependent, the procedure has good overall performance characteristics and is minimally invasive; however, accuracy and sensitivity are reportedly lower for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) compared with the more common pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pACA). The underperformance is further exacerbated by the unusual cases of PanNET presenting with variant cytomorphology. We report two separate diagnostically challenging cases: a pigmented PanNET and a clear cell PanNET. We briefly review the literature and emphasize the importance of recognizing these uncommon variants when encountered in aspirate material. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:371–378. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproducibility of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance category using the bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytology when reviewing slides from different institutions: A study of interobserver variability among cytopathologists
Authors: Padmanabhan Vijayalakshmi , Marshall Carrie B , Akdas Barkan Guliz , Ghofrani Mohiedean , Laser Alice , Tolgay Ocal Idris , David Sturgis Charles , Souers Rhona , Kurtycz Daniel F.I
Published: February 2017

Background

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) offers a six‐tiered diagnostic scheme for thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): Benign, Atypia of Undetermined Significance/Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance (AUS/FLUS), suspicious for follicular neoplasm, suspicious for malignancy, malignant, and unsatisfactory with an aim to standardize diagnostic criteria. Reported rate of AUS/FLUS category in the literature has varied from 3% to 20.5%.

Methods

The aim of this study was to assess interobserver variability among cytopathologists to assess reproducibility of the AUS/FLUS category. Seven cytopathologists brought FNA cases (a mixture of atypical and non‐atypical FNA diagnosis) diagnosed using TBSRTC from their respective institutions which were reviewed and diagnosed by the participants. The analysis assessed interobserver variability among 7 cytopathologists and determined characteristics on the slides which were associated with concordance to the institutional diagnosis.

Results

Seventy eight of 125 (62.4%) benign cases were classified as benign by the reviewers and 26 (21%) were called AUS/FLUS on review. A third of the AUS/FLUS cases were called benign on review and 28.2% were classified as suspicious for neoplasia/malignancy. Roughly a third each of the suspicious for follicular neoplasm/suspicious for malignancy cases were classified as AUS/FLUS.

Discussion

When pathologists from different institutions shared their slides, concordance was high for specimens with adequate cellularity and those that were clearly benign but thresholds varied for the other indeterminate categories. Most definite categorization of the AUS/FLUS category was seen on review. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:399–405. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adult ocular medulloepithelioma diagnosed by transscleral fine needle aspiration: A case report
Authors: Mahdjoubi Amir , Cassoux Nathalie , Levy‐Gabriel Christine , Desjardins Laurence , Klos Jan , Caly Martial , Vlajnic Tatjana , Gardrat Sophie , Klijanienko Jerzy
Published: February 2017

Ocular medulloepithelioma (ME) is a rare congenital tumor which occurs usually during childhood but is also reported in adults. They have seen an intraocular tumor in an 89 years‐old female with a history of small cell lung carcinoma. Transscleral fine needle aspiration was performed. Aspirates were rich and composed of two distinctive populations of cells. The first consisted of epithelioid large cohesive cells with rare rosettes. Nuclei were oval and chromatin was delicate with small nucleoli. The second population consisted of smaller and dispersed cells with regular nuclei and dusty chromatin. Immunohistochemistry performed on paraffin‐embedded cell block sections showed that the larger cells and rosettes were cytokeratin AE1/AE3, Synaptophysin, Chromogranin A, CD56, NSE, and EMA positive, whereas the smaller cells were always negative. Interestingly smaller cells expressed only weak nuclear positivity for TTF1, whereas larger cells were TTF1 negative. Melanocytic markers were negative in both populations. Morphological patterns and immunohistochemical staining confirmed ocular ME and allowed to exclude pulmonary metastasis or primary malignant melanoma. The patient was successfully treated by brachytherapy alone and is alive and well 10 months after treatment. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:561–564. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical impact of the presence of macrophages in endomyocardial biopsies of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nakayama Takafumi , Sugano Yasuo , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Nagai Toshiyuki , Matsuyama Taka‐aki , Ohta‐Ogo Keiko , Ikeda Yoshihiko , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Nakatani Takeshi , Ohte Nobuyuki , Yasuda Satoshi , Anzai Toshihisa
Published: February 2017

Background

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common cardiomyopathy and causes left ventricular enlargement and contractile dysfunction, with a poor prognosis. The mechanisms underlying the disease process have not been precisely identified, but recent evidence has suggested that the activation of myocardial inflammation is involved in the deterioration associated with the condition.

Methods and results

Biopsy samples from 182 consecutive DCM patients were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies specific to CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD68 (whole macrophages), and CD163 (M2 macrophages), and each type of infiltrating cell was counted. Masson's trichrome staining was used to determine the collagen area fraction (CAF) in each sample. Patients were followed up for 6.9 ± 2.4 years, and their clinical data were obtained for analysis. Median (interquartile range) numbers of myocardial CD3, CD68, and CD163‐cell infiltrates were 8.1 (4.0–14.2)/mm2, 22.3 (12.1–36.0)/mm2, and 6.5 (2.0–14.0)/mm2, respectively. Patients with higher counts of infiltrating CD3‐, CD68‐, and CD163‐positive cells had significantly poorer outcomes (P = 0.007, P = 0.011, and P = 0.022, respectively). A high CD163‐positive infiltrate count was independently associated with worse outcome in multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio 1.77, P = 0.004), and multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the CD163 cell count was an independent determinant of CAF (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

It was found that DCM with increased myocardial immune activation was associated with poor long‐term outcome. The association between M2 macrophages and collagen formation suggests the phenotypic polarization of macrophages toward M2 may be associated with ventricular remodelling in DCM.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Reversible Multielectron Redox Properties of a Biradical Yttrium Complex Containing Bis(2‐isopropylaminophenyl)amide
Authors: Duan Lili , Jia Yi‐Bo , Li Xiao‐Gen , Li Yue‐Ming , Hu Hongfan , Li Jianfeng , Cui Chunming
Published: February 2017

The redox‐active ligand bis(2‐isopropylaminophenyl)amide (NNN) was used to prepare ionic yttrium complex [(NNNsq·)2Y]–[Li(thf)4]+ (2; sq = semiquinonate form). A solid‐state magnetic measurement on 2 (µeff = 2.40 µB) indicated the presence of two unpaired electrons on two separate NNN ligands. The paramagnetic compound 2 was characterized by EPR spectroscopy in a dilute frozen solution of thf, which suggested there was no intramolecular radical–radical interaction. Electrochemistry of 2 featured a quasireversible two‐electron reduction process at –1.193 V attributed to the 22–/2 redox couple, and two successive one‐electron oxidation processes at –0.406 V and –0.156 V attributed to the reversible 2/2+ redox couple and quasireversible 2+/22+ redox couple, respectively.
In Situ Encapsulation of Imidazolium Proton Carriers in Anionic Open Frameworks Leads the Way to Proton‐Conducting Materials
Authors: Wang Kangcai , Qi Xiujuan , Wang Zhi , Wang Ruihao , Sun Jie , Zhang Qinghua
Published: February 2017

Three anionic open frameworks, formulated as [Him]2Eu2(ox)4(H2O)2·2H2O (1), [Him]2Tb2(ox)4(H2O)2·2H2O (2), and [Hmim]2Eu2(ox)4(H2O)2·2H2O (3; ox = oxalate, im = imidazole, mim = methylimidazole), have been synthesized by a solvent‐free method. In these solvent‐free processes, in situ encapsulation of imidazolium in the channels of the anionic open frameworks was successfully achieved. These compounds show 1D channels with extensive hydrogen‐bonding networks created between the guest molecules and adjacent oxalate oxygen atoms; the imidazolium or methylimidazolium cations are regularly arranged within the channels. Alternating current (AC) impedance measurements revealed that the three compounds display high proton conductivities (>10–3 S cm–1) at 298 K and 98 % relative humidity, with compound 2 showing the highest proton conductivity of 5.0 × 10–3 S cm–1 at 298 K. The high proton conductivities of compounds 1–3 may be attributed to the extensive hydrogen‐bonding networks existing in the open frameworks, which are constructed by water molecules, protonated imidazole or methylimidazole molecules, and adjacent oxalate oxygen atoms. This work provides an efficient synthetic strategy for the construction of high‐performance solid proton conductors.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis and Fluorescence Study of Ethynylated Naphthalene Derivatives
Authors: Huy Do Hoang , Villinger Alexander , Lochbrunner Stefan , Ehlers Peter , Langer Peter
Published: February 2017

Polyalkynylated naphthalenes were obtained from easily available 2,3‐dibromobenzoquinone. The developed methodology consists of a substitution of both carbonyl groups of the quinone moiety by lithium acetylide followed by a Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction. Optical properties of selected compounds were studied.
C–H Bond Functionalization of 1,4‐Benzoquinone by Silver‐Mediated Regioselective Phosphination and Amination Reactions
Authors: Chang Yu‐Chang , Yuan Pin‐Ting , Hong Fung‐E
Published: February 2017

The one‐pot synthesis of 2,5‐bis(diarylphosphoryl)‐3,6‐bis(arylamino)cyclohexa‐2,5‐diene‐1,4‐diones has been achieved by AgI‐mediated full C–H functionalization of 1,4‐benzoquinone (BQ) through regioselective dual phosphination and amination reactions. BQ, diarylphosphine oxides [SPOs, Ar2PH(=O)], and imines reacted to give the products under mild conditions. 1,4‐Naphthoquinone (NQ) could also be used instead of BQ. When aniline was used instead of the corresponding imine, a lower yield of the desired product was obtained. In the absence of Ag2CO3, hydrophosphinylation of the imine by the SPO occurred as a competitive side‐reaction. AgI plays versatile roles in this reaction, as a mediator for facilitating the consecutive additions of Ar2P(=O)– and aniline to the related β‐carbon atoms of BQ, as an oxidant of hydroquinone (HQ) intermediates to form the substituted BQ counterpart, and as an inhibitor of the hydrophosphinylation side‐reaction of the imine by the SPO. The X‐ray crystal structures of several new products have been determined. A reaction mechanism is also proposed based on the experimental results.
Election 2016 and future international student recruiting
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: February 2017

Many of you, like me, have read articles predicting uncertainty and instability for higher education following the election of President Donald Trump. No one can, or should, predict what will unfold in the United States in the weeks and months ahead. There are simply too many unknowns with regard to the political, economic, and social fallout of the election. To be fair, we know almost nothing about specific education positions articulated by President Trump, and I cannot recall reading any of his policies with regard to international education.
Address challenges of managing enrollment during a program prioritization
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: February 2017

SAN ANTONIO, Texas — Effective enrollment management relies on academic and student support programs that appeal to prospective students and meet students' needs once they enroll. A program prioritization process can help officials determine whether the programs an institution offers are the best options and can help them budget funds to strengthen programs in ways that enhance enrollment.
Follow‐up Assessment of Cognitive Remediation Therapy in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study
Authors: Herbrich Laura , van Noort Betteke , Pfeiffer Ernst , Lehmkuhl Ulrike , Winter Sibylle , Kappel Viola
Published: February 2017

Objective

Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) is a specialized treatment approach targeting cognitive weaknesses in anorexia nervosa (AN). Regarding follow‐up effects of CRT, there are only few studies available; for adolescents, there are no data.

Methods

Forty‐eight adolescents with AN were assigned to receive either CRT and treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Assessments were performed at baseline (n = 48) and compared with assessments at a 6‐month follow‐up (n = 33). Outcome measures were set‐shifting, central coherence, eating disorder and general psychopathology.

Results

The completion rate was higher in CRT compared with TAU. There were no significant differences in neuropsychological and clinical variables. Changes in body mass index percentile showed a trend towards significance for CRT. Dropout analyses revealed no significant predictors.

Conclusions

Results provide a first insight into follow‐up‐assessments of CRT in adolescent AN. More randomized controlled studies are needed to clarify the long‐term effects of CRT. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Affective Responses in Different Stages of Anorexia Nervosa: Results from a Startle‐reflex Paradigm
Authors: Erdur Laurence , Weber Cora , Zimmermann‐Viehoff Frank , Rose Matthias , Deter Hans‐Christian
Published: February 2017

Objective

There is an evolving debate about pathological affective responses in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). We examined startle responses in different stages of AN.

Methods

We applied a startle reflex paradigm with standardized visual stimuli (International Affective Pictures System; food and body pictures) in 64 female participants (17 acute AN, 16 chronically ill AN, 15 long‐term recovered AN, 16 healthy controls). We measured subjective ratings of valence and anxiety, and electromyographic startle responses.

Results

Participants with acute and chronic AN displayed the same subjective valence ratings to affective stimuli but showed less startle reactivity to affective pictures (F(6, 116) = 2.75, p = .02) compared with healthy control. Food pictures were rated as more unpleasant and higher anxiety provoking by currently ill AN (F(3, 59) = 3.32, p=.03).

Discussion

We observed diverging subjective and psychophysiological reactions in different stages of AN. Psychophysiological methods can help to attain a more comprehensive understanding of biological alterations in the long‐term course of AN. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Activation in the angular gyrus and in the pSTS is modulated by face primes during voice recognition
Authors: Hölig Cordula , Föcker Julia , Best Anna , Röder Brigitte , Büchel Christian
Published: February 2017

The aim of the present study was to better understand the interaction of face and voice processing when identifying people. In a S1‐S2 crossmodal priming fMRI experiment, the target (S2) was a disyllabic voice stimulus, whereas the modality of the prime (S1) was manipulated blockwise and consisted of the silent video of a speaking face in the crossmodal condition or of a voice stimulus in the unimodal condition. Primes and targets were from the same speaker (person‐congruent) or from two different speakers (person‐incongruent). Participants had to classify the S2 as either an old or a young person. Response times were shorter after a congruent than after an incongruent face prime. The right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and the right angular gyrus showed a significant person identity effect (person‐incongruent > person‐congruent) in the crossmodal condition but not in the unimodal condition. In the unimodal condition, a person identity effect was observed in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus. Our data suggest that both the priming with a voice and with a face result in a preactivated voice representation of the respective person, which eventually facilitates (person‐congruent trials) or hampers (person‐incongruent trials) the processing of the identity of a subsequent voice. This process involves activation in the right pSTS and in the right angular gyrus for voices primed by faces, but not for voices primed by voices. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2553–2565, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cell and umbilical vein endothelial cell responses to thromboresistant collagen‐mimetic hydrogels
Authors: Munoz‐Pinto Dany J. , Erndt‐Marino Josh D. , Becerra‐Bayona Silvia M. , Guiza‐Arguello Viviana R. , Samavedi Satyavrata , Malmut Sarah , Reichert William M. , Russell Brooke , Höök Magnus , Hahn Mariah S.
Published: February 2017

Bioactive coatings which support the adhesion of late‐outgrowth peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells (EOCs) are actively being investigated as a means to promote rapid endothelialization of “off‐the‐shelf,” small‐caliber arterial graft prostheses following implantation. In the present work, we evaluated the behavior of EOCs on thromboresistant graft coatings based on the collagen‐mimetic protein Scl2‐2 and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) diacrylate. Specifically, the attachment, proliferation, migration, and phenotype of EOCs on PEG‐Scl2‐2 hydrogels were evaluated as a function of Scl2‐2 concentration (4, 8, and 12 mg/mL) relative to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results demonstrate the ability of each PEG‐Scl2‐2 hydrogel formulation to support EOC and HUVEC adhesion, proliferation, and spreading. However, only the 8 and 12 mg/mL PEG‐Scl2‐2 hydrogels were able to support stable EOC and HUVEC confluence. These PEG‐Scl2‐2 formulations were, therefore, selected for evaluation of their impact on EOC and HUVEC phenotype relative to PEG‐collagen hydrogels. Cumulatively, both gene and protein level data indicated that 8 mg/mL PEG‐Scl2‐2 hydrogels supported similar or improved levels of EOC maturation relative to PEG‐collagen controls based on evaluation of CD34, VEGFR2, PECAM‐1, and VE‐Cadherin. The 8 mg/mL PEG‐Scl2‐2 hydrogels also appeared to support similar or improved levels of EOC homeostatic marker expression relative to PEG‐collagen hydrogels based on von Willebrand factor, collagen IV, NOS3, thrombomodulin, and E‐selectin assessment. Combined, the present results indicate that PEG‐Scl2‐2 hydrogels warrant further investigation as “off‐the‐shelf” graft coatings. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1712–1724, 2017.
Parity Linkage and the Erdős–Pósa Property of Odd Cycles through Prescribed Vertices in Highly Connected Graphs
Authors: Joos Felix
Published: February 2017

We show the following for every sufficiently connected graph G, any vertex subset S of G, and given integer k: there are k disjoint odd cycles in G each containing a vertex of S or there is set X of at most vertices such that does not contain any odd cycle that contains a vertex of S. We prove this via an extension of Kawarabayashi and Reed's result about parity‐k‐linked graphs (Combinatorica 29, 215–225). From this result, it is easy to deduce several other well‐known results about the Erdős–Pósa property of odd cycles in highly connected graphs. This strengthens results due to Thomassen (Combinatorica 21, 321–333), and Rautenbach and Reed (Combinatorica 21, 267–278), respectively.
The Multidimensional Nature of Women's Empowerment: Beyond the Economic Approach
Authors: Bayissa Fitsum W. , Smits Jeroen , Ruben Ruerd
Published: February 2017

Most interventions promoting women's empowerment focus on the economic dimension. Economic improvement is supposed to lead automatically to improvements in other dimensions. To test this assumption, we collected data from 508 women working in women groups in Addis Ababa. Besides the economic dimension, five other dimensions of empowerment were studied (familial, legal, psychological, political and socio‐cultural). Findings show that the relationships between these six dimensions of empowerment are weak and that the psychological dimension is most central. The economic dimension is hardly connected to other dimensions. Hence, a broad package of interventions seems needed to achieve empowerment in all respects. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
α4βδ‐GABAA receptors in dorsal hippocampal CA1 of adolescent female rats traffic to the plasma membrane of dendritic spines following voluntary exercise and contribute to protection of animals from activity‐based anorexia through localization at excitatory synapses
Authors: Aoki Chiye , Chen Yi‐Wen , Chowdhury Tara Gunkali , Piper Walter
Published: February 2017

In hippocampal CA1 of adolescent female rodents, α4βδ‐GABAA receptors (α4βδ‐GABAARs) suppress excitability of pyramidal neurons through shunting inhibition at excitatory synapses. This contributes to anxiolysis of stressed animals. Socially isolated adolescent female rats with 8 days of wheel access, the last 4 days of which entail restricted food access, have been shown to exhibit excessive exercise, choosing to run instead of eat (activity‐based anorexia [ABA]). Upregulation of α4βδ‐GABAARs in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 (DH), seen among some ABA animals, correlates with suppression of excessive exercise. We used electron microscopic immunocytochemistry to show that exercise alone (EX), but not food restriction alone (FR), also augments α4βδ‐GABAAR expression at axospinous excitatory synapses of the DH (67%, P = 0.027), relative to socially isolated controls without exercise or food restriction (CON). Relative to CON, ABA animals' synaptic α4βδ‐GABAAR elevation was modestly elevated (37%), but this level correlated strongly and negatively with individual differences in ABA vulnerability—i.e., food restriction–evoked hyperactivity (Pearson R = −0.902, P = 0.002) and weight changes (R = 0.822, P = 0.012). These correlations were absent from FR and EX brains or ventral hippocampus of ABA brains. Comparison to CON of α4βδ‐GABAAR location in the DH indicated that ABA induces trafficking of α4βδ‐GABAAR from reserve pools in spine cytoplasm to excitatory synapses. Pair‐housing CON animals reduced cytoplasmic α4βδ‐GABAAR without reducing synaptic α4βδ‐GABAAR. Thus, exercise induces trafficking of α4βδ‐GABAARs to excitatory synapses, while individual differences in ABA vulnerability are linked most strongly to trafficking of α4βδ‐GABAARs in the reverse direction—from excitatory synapses to the reserve pool during co‐occurring food restriction. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of newly isolated Streptomyces strain TN258 as potential biocontrol agent of potato tubers leak caused by Pythium ultimum
Authors: Sellem Imen , Triki Mohamed Ali , Elleuch Lobna , Cheffi Manel , Chakchouk Ahlem , Smaoui Slim , Mellouli Lotfi
Published: February 2017

An actinomycete strain designated TN258, was isolated from Tunisian Sahara soil and selected for its antagonistic activity, especially against Pythium ultimum (P. ultimum) causing potato tubers leak. Based on the results of cultural characteristic of TN258 strain, the 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequence (1433 bp, accession n° HE600071) and the phylogenetic analysis, we propose the assignment of our new isolate bacterium as Streptomyces TN258 strain. After culture optimization, the inhibitory effect of TN258 free cell supernatant against P. ultimum was evaluated. As result, by application of 50% (v/v) from 25 mg ml−1 of concentration, mycelial growth was totally inhibited with hyphal destruction. At the same concentration, the oospores were distorted and the germination was completely stopped. In potato tubers, Streptomyces TN258 filtrated supernatant, applied 24 h before inoculation by P. ultimum (preventive treatment group) was able to significantly decrease pathogen penetration by 62% and to reduce the percentage of weight loss by 59.43%, in comparison with non‐treated group.