bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Effect and Cytocompatibility After Using Different Decontamination Methods on Titanium Implant Surfaces: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Alonso‐Español Andrea , Bravo Enrique , Carrillo de Albornoz Ana , Martínez María , Doll‐Nikutta Katharina , Winkel Andreas , Stiesch Meike , Herrera David , Alonso Bettina , Sanz Mariano
Published: January 2025

Aim

To evaluate in vitro the antibacterial efficacy and cytocompatibility of different implant‐decontamination methods, using both 2D and 3D peri‐implant mucosa models.

Methods

Four decontamination methods [chlorhexidine (CHX), electrolytic treatment (GS), curcumin (CUR), xanthohumol (XN)] were compared in four independent experiments, three with a 2D peri‐implant mucosa model on titanium surfaces and another on a 3D peri‐implant mucosa model. These decontamination procedures were tested for their antibacterial effect using a multispecies biofilm model with Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar, and Porphyromonas gingivalis for 24 h. Direct cytocompatibility evaluating the impact of the treatments on tissue cells as well as indirect cytocompatibility (colonization of treated implant surfaces by tissue cells) were also tested. Both outcomes were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy supported by neural networks.

Results

CHX demonstrated a strong alteration of cytocompatibility and antibacterial effect, but did not remove biofilm biomass. XN and CUR demonstrated antibacterial effect and biofilm removal action, as well as cytocompatibility. GS showed antibacterial capacity with a combination of areas completely clean of biofilm with others in which a non‐vital biofilm remained. In the 3D peri‐implant mucosa model, XN and CUR showed maintenance of the mucosa integrity after treatment, whereas CHX and GS displayed disruption in the mucosal layers.

Conclusions

Phytotherapeutics (CUR and XN) were the most cytocompatible substances and showed the largest antimicrobial effect. GS displayed antibiofilm activity with a localized “bubble‐shaped effect” and impaired tissue cell morphology and integrity, compromising cytocompatibility, and CHX showed antimicrobial capacity, without reducing biofilm biomass and with altered cytocompatibility.
Utilising Free Middle Turbinate Mucosal Grafts to Reconstruct the Septal Donor Site Following Nasoseptal Flap Harvesting in Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Sellar and Parasellar Lesions
Authors: Liu Chin‐Hsuan , Lin Tsai Shan , Huang Yu‐Wen , Yeh Chien‐Fu , Hung Li‐Ting , Lan Ming‐Ying , Wang Wei‐Hsin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The nasoseptal flap (NSF) has become a widely favoured choice for reconstructing skull base defects following the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA). However, the exposed septal cartilage and bone at the donor site often require an extended duration for secondary healing. This study investigated whether the free middle turbinate (MT) mucosa grafting at the septal donor site could mitigate post‐operative nasal morbidity.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients with sellar and parasellar lesions who underwent NSF harvesting in EEA between 2015 and 2023. In most cases, the MT mucosa was harvested as a free mucosal graft and placed on the exposed nasal septal donor site. The degree of septal mucosalisation and the presence of nasal crusting were assessed during follow‐up appointments.

Results

A total of 104 patients were included in this study, comprising 41 males and 63 females. All patients underwent NSF harvesting for skull base defect reconstruction and 99 patients received MT mucosa grafting at the septal donor site. The average duration for complete mucosalisation of the exposed septal cartilage with the MT graft was 38.7 days, significantly different from 59.6 days for patients without the MT graft (p < 0.0001). At the 3‐month post‐operative follow‐up, 34% of the patients with MT graft displayed no crusting compared to 20% of patients without MT graft.

Conclusions

The use of free MT mucosal grafting represents a promising technique for improving mucosalization and minimising crusting at the nasal septal donor site following the harvest of the NSF in EEA for sellar and parasellar lesions.
Clinical outcomes of a real‐world prospective study using Dexcom ONE continuous glucose monitoring in people with diabetes treated with two or more insulin injections per day
Authors: Elliott Jackie , Husband Chloe , Khadem Heydar , Nemat Hoda , Cardno Lucy , Currin Laura , Hudson Susan
Published: January 2025

Aims

This study assessed real‐world glycaemic outcomes associated with the use of Dexcom ONE in adults with suboptimally controlled diabetes.

Methods

In this single‐site prospective study, adults with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) taking two or more insulin injections per day initiated Dexcom ONE CGM use and attended follow‐up data collection visits after 3 and 6 months. During the study, participants received usual diabetes care. Primary outcome was a change in HbA1c at 6 months. Additional outcomes included change in participant‐reported outcomes and CGM‐derived time in glucose range 3.9–10 mmol/L (TIR), time above range >10 mmol/L (TAR), and time below range <3.9 mmol/L (TBR).

Results

There were 110 adults enrolled [T1D (n = 34): mean age 36.6 years, 55.9% female; T2D (n = 76): mean age 54.9 years, 38.2% female]. Mean HbA1c significantly decreased from 90 mmol/mol (10.3%) to 79 mmol/mol (9.4%) at 6 months (∆‐12 mmol/mol, p < 0.001) in T1D users and from 86 mmol/mol (10.1%) to 67 mmol/mol (8.3%) in T2D users (∆‐18 mmol/mol, p < 0.001). Perception of health and diabetes distress improved at 6 months for both groups. T1D users had modest improvement in TBR. T2D users exhibited a clinically meaningful increase in TIR (∆ + 9.0%).

Conclusion

Real‐world Dexcom ONE use was associated with clinically significant reductions in mean HbA1c after 6 months, along with meaningful improvements in participant‐reported outcomes. CGM‐derived outcomes also improved, with the possibility of there being greater improvement than could be captured in this study. These findings support expanding access to this real‐time CGM system.
Associations between colonization with Helicobacter pylori and risk of gastrointestinal tract cancers: An umbrella review of meta‐analyses
Authors: Paiva Prudente Tiago , Mezaiko Eleazar , Nunes Pereira Oliva Henrique , Yamamoto‐Silva Fernanda Paula , Santos de Freitas Silva Brunno , Oliveira Oliva Isabela , Risch Harvey
Published: January 2025

Background

Several studies have investigated the association between Helicobacter pylori colonization and gastrointestinal malignancies. However, inconsistent results have been found, leaving no clear consensus.

Materials and Methods

Umbrella review of meta‐analyses of observational studies aiming to understand the association between Helicobacter pylori colonization and gastrointestinal cancers in humans. MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from their inception to January 2025. Quality assessment was performed with the AMSTAR 2 tool. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024523832).

Results

Of 1320 records, 38 meta‐analyses were included, investigating biliary tract, colorectal, oesophageal, gastric, liver and pancreatic cancers. After dealing with primary study overlap and updating meta‐analyses with over 160 studies, Helicobacter pylori was positively associated with biliary tract [OR 2.67 (1.57–4.52)], colorectal [OR 1.40 (1.23–1.60)], gastric [OR 2.10 (1.34–3.31)], liver [OR 5.13 (3.14–8.38)] and pancreatic [OR 1.24 (1.04–1.48)] cancers, while oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) was inversely associated with it [OR .58 (.46–.72)]. The cytotoxic‐associated gene A (CagA) protein was positively associated with biliary [OR 2.19 (1.07–4.50)], colorectal [OR 2.04 (1.47–2.82)], oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma [OR 1.56 (1.30–1.89)] and gastric cancers [OR 2.53 (1.94–3.30)], and inversely associated with EAC [OR .60 (.44–.81)] and pancreatic [OR .85 (.75–.97)] cancers. Our results sprout from mostly critically low‐quality meta‐analyses and moderate to high quality primary studies.

Conclusion

Exposure to Helicobacter pylori colonization and its proteins is associated with not only gastric cancer, but also other GI tract cancers. Directionally different results may be seen when specific virulence factors/organ sites are investigated.
Evaluating Response to a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Psychosis‐Informed Family Intervention at Variable Duration of a Psychotic Illness
Authors: Stiles Bryan J. , Kuczynski Adam M. , Shepard Victoria , Blank Jennifer , Kopelovich Sarah L.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Early intervention in psychosis is associated with favourable outcomes. We investigated whether loved ones' illness duration moderated caregiver outcomes following a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy‐informed Family Intervention for psychosis (FIp).

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of measures of FIp participants' depression and anxiety symptoms, caregiver appraisals, expressed emotion and foundational psychotherapeutic competencies at pre‐, post‐ and 4‐month follow‐up. Our primary aim was to evaluate whether duration of illness moderated participant outcomes.

Results

Relative to pre‐intervention, all caregivers reported lower depression, anxiety and expressed emotion, as well as higher positive attitudes and mastery of cognitive behavioural skills, at post‐intervention and 4‐month follow‐up. Outcomes were not moderated by their loved one's illness duration.

Conclusion

Families may benefit equally from FIp regardless of illness duration. Although we recommend that FIp are offered as early as possible, modifications for families with lengthier illness courses are not implicated by our findings.
Exploring the Effect of Brief Preventive Videos on Mental Health Help‐Seeking for Early Psychosis in a Young Community Sample
Authors: Dondé Clément , Jambon Louise , Wilhelm Marie‐Claire , Bortolon Catherine
Published: January 2025

Introduction

A key factor influencing the duration of untreated psychosis is that young individuals typically do not seek help during their initial psychotic experiences. This online study aimed to explore the efficacy of preventive video interventions providing information on psychosis on the attitudes towards seeking mental health care among young adults from the general population.

Methods

Participants (N = 147) were randomised to one of the following online conditions: a short 3‐min video of an empowered patient or of a psychiatrist describing different aspects of mental illness, a short control video or no video. Then, participants answered the Inventory of Attitudes to Seeking Mental Health Services (IARSSM) to measure attitudes towards seeking mental health.

Results

A Kruskal–Wallis one‐way ANOVA on the total IARSSM score revealed no significant effect of the group on attitude towards mental health care (χ2(3) = 6.52, p = 0.09). A small but statistically significant effect was found for the IARSSM factor “indifference to stigma” (χ2(3) = 8.50, p = 0.04), with slightly lower levels of indifference to stigma in the patient video group (M = 20.5, SD = 6.50) compared to the psychiatry video group (M = 24.5, SD = 4.35).

Conclusion

Emphasising nonconformity with mental health stereotypes, portraying positive aspects and utilising short video formats on social media platforms can potentially reduce stigma in the short term. Long‐term effectiveness and identification of specific factors optimising attitudes towards mental health help‐seeking warrant further investigation.
Concentration‐ and Size‐Dependent Influences of Microplastics on Soil Hydraulic Properties and Water Flow
Authors: Feng Haoxuan , Xing Xuguang , Du Jianqiang , Jiao Sihan , Yu Miao , Wang Weihua
Published: January 2025

Extensive usage of agricultural plastic film correspondingly leads to excessive residues of microplastics (MPs). MP accumulation alters soil hydraulic properties and water flow. However, little is known about the combined effects of concentration and particle size on soil hydrological properties, and a numerical approach for modelling infiltrated flow has not been well developed. Hence, we determined soil hydraulic properties and infiltrated flow affected by MP concentration and particle size and established a water flow model suitable for MP‐contaminated soils. Quantitative findings indicated that the saturated conductivity for soil–MP mixture was 10.8%–50.0% smaller than that for pure soil, which decreased and increased with the increase in MP concentration and size, respectively. The MP concentration always had significant influences on saturated conductivity; in contrast, the MP particle size always generated significant influences under the condition of small particle size. Besides, higher concentration or size of MPs led to weaker soil water‐holding capacity, and the saturated and residual water content decreased by 0.6% – 41.5% and 0.2% – 11.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of MPs inhibited water infiltration, with the wetting front migration rate and cumulative infiltration decreased by 7.1% – 29.4% and 4.7% – 21.7%, respectively, with the increase in the MP concentration and size. Correlation analysis indicated that MP particle size was negatively correlated with saturated/residual moisture, wetting front migration and cumulative infiltration; in addition, MP concentration was negatively correlated with saturated conductivity, residual moisture, wetting front migration and cumulative infiltration; compared with the MP particle size (15.63%), the MP concentration (46.28%) played a major role in the response of soil hydraulic properties and water movement to changes in the external environment. A two‐dimensional numerical approach was proposed by considering the Richards equation and hydraulic parameters of soil–MP mixture, and a model based on finite element theory was further employed and validated through comparing experimental observations with numerical simulations, which indicated that the proposed model had a high accuracy in simulating the infiltration process in MP‐contained soils. Our findings elucidate the influence of MP concentration and size on soil hydraulic properties and water flow and confirm the potential of using simulations to predict water infiltration in MP‐contained soils.
Fibroblast transcriptomics uncovers pathogenic genomic variants in individuals with exome‐negative childhood onset epilepsy
Authors: Smal Noor , Millevert Charissa , De Wachter Matthias , De Vriendt Els , Eddafir Zakaria , Schoonjans An‐Sofie , Bayat Allan , Møller Rikke Steensbjerre , Mei Davide , Balestrini Simona , Guerrini Renzo , Meeuwissen Marije E. C. , Jansen Anna C. , Weckhuysen Sarah
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to improve genetic diagnosis in childhood onset epilepsy with neurodevelopmental problems by utilizing RNA sequencing of fibroblasts to identify pathogenic variants that may be missed by exome sequencing and copy number variation analysis.

Methods

We enrolled 41 individuals with childhood onset epilepsy and neurodevelopmental problems who previously had inconclusive genetic testing. Fibroblast samples were cultured and analyzed using RNA sequencing to detect aberrant expression, aberrant splicing, and monoallelic expression using the Detection of RNA Outlier Pipeline (DROP) pipeline. Detected events were correlated with phenotypes, and long‐read genome sequencing was performed on individuals with strong candidate events to identify the causal genomic variant. A systematic literature review on RNA sequencing in rare disorders was conducted to contextualize our findings.

Results

RNA sequencing identified five strong candidate events in four individuals, affecting the genes QRICH1, TSC1, SMARCA1, GNAI1, and PTEN. (Likely) pathogenic genomic variants affecting expression of QRICH1, TSC1, and SMARCA1 were detected, resulting in a diagnostic yield of 7% (3/41). Two variants were not covered in the initial exome sequencing data but were revealed through long‐read sequencing. The identification of a pathogenic TSC1 variant led to a previously unrecognized diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex. This prompted guideline‐based screening, which revealed tuberous sclerosis lesions in the brain and lung, directly impacting clinical care. Notably, two of the three pathogenic events would not have been detected using whole blood due to the lack of expression of the involved genes. The lower yield of this study compared to studies in other rare disorders reflects the genetic heterogeneity of epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders, and the inaccessibility of affected tissue.

Significance

This research underscores RNA sequencing of cultured fibroblasts as a valuable tool in genetic diagnostics for childhood onset epilepsy, particularly when conventional methods fail. Expanding the control dataset with age‐matched samples and incorporating RNA sequencing with nonsense‐mediated decay inhibition could further enhance diagnostic yield.
Prioritizing questions and topics for the development of guidelines and consensus‐based recommendations supported by ILAE: A scoping review and proposal of prioritization criteria
Authors: Lin Katia , Eyal Sara , Demarchi Izabel Galhardo , Ben‐Shushan Tomer , Auvin Stéphane , Khoo Ching Soong , Al‐Baradie Raidah , Sen Arjune , Newton Charles , Ngwende Gift Wilson , Candez Nicelle de Morais , Sperling Michael , Brigo Francesco , Jette Nathalie , Wiebe Samuel ,   the Standards and Best Practice Council—Prioritization Task Force
Published: January 2025

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and consensus‐based recommendations (CBRs) require considerable effort, collaboration, and time—all within the constraints of finite resources. Professional societies, such as the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), must prioritize what topics and questions to address. Implementing evidence‐based care remains a crucial challenge in clinical practice. Using rigorous processes to ensure that the best available research evidence informs health care recommendations is of the utmost importance. We aimed to develop a structured and transparent process for prioritizing future CPGs and CBRs supported by the ILAE. A multidisciplinary group of researchers and experts from the ILAE Prioritization Task Force conducted a scoping review to identify prioritization approaches for CPG and CBR development. This scoping review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) and Cochrane recommendations. A Problem/population, Concept, and Context (PCC) strategy was applied to the literature search and selection of the studies. We searched Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus without time or language limits. The findings were synthesized qualitatively. A consensus‐based process was followed to develop a prioritization scoring tool for CPGs and another for CBRs. Thirty‐nine participants, including clinicians, experts in the field, methodologists, and other relevant stakeholders, contributed to developing the final instrument (based on a 5‐point Likert scale). Of 721 unique citations, 8 papers reporting prioritization approaches for guideline development were included. Based on these, we developed an initial tool with 10 criteria. It was iteratively optimized and revised by the ILAE Standards and Best Practice Council, which unanimously approved the instrument. The ILAE Executive Committee subsequently approved its final version. The ILAE Prioritization Tool is intended to standardize the prioritization processes and optimize the ILAE's use of resources to select CPGs and CBRs for endorsement.
The impact of cultural competence in family law: An overview of Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, and Judaism
Authors: Moore‐Grant Tracy Ann , Robins Stephanie , Saxena Neena , Siotia Suchika
Published: January 2025

In contemporary multicultural societies, the family law profession requires a nuanced understanding of diverse cultural backgrounds to facilitate equitable and effective resolutions. Cultural competence in the family law profession entails recognizing and respecting the beliefs, values, and practices of individuals from different cultural backgrounds. Understanding the impact of religion on family dynamics, decision‐making processes, and conflict resolution is essential for family law professionals to navigate sensitive issues such as divorce, custody arrangements, and parental rights. By delving into the teachings, traditions, and rituals of Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, and Judaism, this paper elucidates the unique cultural considerations that influence family law disputes within these religious communities. It examines key aspects such as dietary preferences, religious observances, and extended family dynamics, shedding light on how these factors shape co‐parenting arrangements and legal proceedings. Furthermore, this paper underscores the importance of incorporating cultural sensitivity into the family law process to promote mutual understanding, respect, and cooperation among parties. By fostering an environment where diverse religious perspectives are acknowledged and valued, mediators can facilitate more equitable and satisfactory outcomes for families from different cultural backgrounds. Ultimately, this paper advocates for the integration of cultural competence training into family law practices, emphasizing the need for mediators to continuously educate themselves on the religious and cultural nuances of the diverse populations they serve. By embracing cultural competence, family law practitioners can better serve the needs of all families, regardless of their religious affiliations, and contribute to a more inclusive and just legal system.
Characterization of multiple binding sites on microtubule associated protein 2c recognized by dimeric and monomeric 14‐3‐3ζ
Authors: Jansen Séverine , Narasimhan Subhash , Cabre Fernandez Paula , Iľkovičová Lucia , Kozeleková Aneta , Králová Kateřina , Hritz Jozef , Žídek Lukáš
Published: January 2025

Microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) interacts with the regulatory protein 14‐3‐3ζ in a cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) phosphorylation dependent manner. Using selective phosphorylation, calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical crosslinking, and X‐ray crystallography, we characterized interactions of 14‐3‐3ζ with various binding regions of MAP2c. Although PKA phosphorylation increases the affinity of MAP2c for 14‐3‐3ζ in the proline rich region and C‐terminal domain, unphosphorylated MAP2c also binds the dimeric 14‐3‐3ζ via its microtubule binding domain and variable central domain. Monomerization of 14‐3‐3ζ leads to the loss of affinity for the unphosphorylated residues. In neuroblastoma cell extract, MAP2c is heavily phosphorylated by PKA and the proline kinase ERK2. Although 14‐3‐3ζ dimer or monomer do not interact with the residues phosphorylated by ERK2, ERK2 phosphorylation of MAP2c in the C‐terminal domain reduces the binding of MAP2c to both oligomeric variants of 14‐3‐3ζ.
Identification and structural characterization of a novel acetyl xylan esterase from Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Yamada Chihaya , Kato Tomoe , Shiono Yoshihito , Koseki Takuya , Fushinobu Shinya
Published: January 2025

Acetyl xylan esterase plays a crucial role in the degradation of xylan, the major plant hemicellulose, by liberating acetic acid from the backbone polysaccharides. Acetyl xylan esterase B from Aspergillus oryzae, designated AoAxeB, was biochemically and structurally investigated. The AoAxeB‐encoding gene with a native signal peptide was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris as an active extracellular protein. The purified recombinant protein had pH and temperature optima of 8.0 and 30 °C, respectively, and was stable up to 35 °C. The optimal substrate for hydrolysis by purified recombinant AoAxeB among a panel of α‐naphthyl esters was α‐naphthyl acetate. Recombinant AoAxeB catalyzed the release of acetic acid from wheat arabinoxylan. The release of acetic acid from wheat arabinoxylan increased synergistically with xylanase addition. No activity was detected for the methyl esters of ferulic, p‐coumaric, caffeic, or sinapic acids. The crystal structures of AoAxeB in the apo and succinate complexes were determined at resolutions of 1.75 and 1.90 Å, respectively. Although AoAxeB has been classified in the Esterase_phb family in the ESTerases and alpha/beta‐Hydrolase Enzymes and Relatives (ESTHER) database, its structural features partly resemble those of ferulic acid esterase in the FaeC family. Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that AoAxeB is located between the clades of the two families. Docking analysis provided a plausible binding mode for xylotriose substrates acetylated at the 2‐ or 3‐hydroxy position. This study expands the current knowledge of the structures of acetyl xylan esterases and ferulic acid esterases that are required for complete plant biomass degradation.
Assessing the reliability and feasibility of quality indicators used to evaluate long‐term care for older adults
Authors: Kawase Kiyomi , Igarashi Ayumi , Eltaybani Sameh , Yasaka Taisuke , Sumikawa Yuka , Takaoka Manami , Kashiwabara Kosuke , Fukui Chie , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko
Published: January 2025

Aim

Standardized quality indicators for long‐term care (QIs‐LTC) were previously developed to ensure high‐quality holistic nursing care for older adults. This research aimed to assess the feasibility and reliability of unfavorable health outcomes measured by the QIs‐LTC and proposed strategies for improvement.

Methods

Thirty‐nine pairs of home care nurses assessed 53 clients. We evaluated 20 of the 21 items of feasibility to calculate scores for the “I do not know” answer and test the interrater reliability using bias‐adjusted and prevalence‐adjusted kappa (PABAK). We then conducted interviews with 16 home care nurses to collect feedback on the implementation of QIs‐LTC. Based on this feedback, we developed the QIs‐LTC assessment manual and reassessed the QIs‐LTC when used with the manual.

Results

The mean for the “I do not know” answer was 13.8%, and the mean PABAK was 0.75 (±0.28). Overall, the reliability was good for physical assessment but inadequate for social aspects. Using the assessment manual, the mean for the “I do not know” answers decreased to 10.4%. The mean PABAK was 0.77 (±0.32) and increased for 12 unfavorable health outcomes.

Conclusions

The feasibility and reliability of most unfavorable health outcomes were ensured by using the newly developed assessment manual. Challenges in education and practice of social aspects were identified. QIs‐LTC support individual and agency evaluations, nursing interventions and quality evaluations, which are a priority for long‐term care in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; ••: ••–••.
Epstein–Barr Virus‐Induced 3 Attributes to TLR7‐Mediated Splenomegaly
Authors: Iseki Masanori , Sakamoto Yuma , Takezaki Daiki , Matsuda Yoshihiro , Inoue Mariko , Morizane Shin , Mukai Tomoyuki
Published: January 2025

Epstein–Barr virus‐induced 3 (EBI3) functions as a component of the heterodimer cytokine IL‐27, which regulates innate and acquired immune responses. The expression of EBI3 gene is induced by Toll‐like receptors (TLRs). Repeated treatment with imiquimod (IMQ), a TLR7 agonist, induces splenomegaly and cytopaenia due to increased splenic function. Although immune cell activation is speculated to play a role in chronic infection‐mediated splenomegaly, the detailed mechanisms remain unknown. This study shows that IMQ treatment induces marked splenomegaly and severe bicytopaenia (anaemia and thrombocytopaenia) in wild‐type mice. In IMQ‐treated mice, myeloid cell populations in the spleen increased, and extramedullary haematopoiesis was observed. RNA‐seq analysis revealed the upregulation of type I interferon (IFN)‐related genes in the spleens of IMQ‐treated mice. IMQ‐induced pathological changes were partially mitigated by EBI3 deficiency. To investigate the mechanism of the improved phenotypes in the Ebi3 KO mice, we examined the involvement of IL‐27, a heterodimer of EBI3 and IL‐27p28. The expression of Il27a, which encodes IL‐27p28, was increased in the spleen and peripheral blood by IMQ treatment. Furthermore, IL‐27 stimulation upregulated type I IFN‐related genes in bone marrow‐derived macrophage cultures without type I IFN. These findings suggest that EBI3 deficiency mitigated IMQ‐mediated pathological changes, presumably via a lack of IL‐27 formation. Our study thus provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic infection‐mediated splenomegaly.
Self‐Management in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Illness: An Evolutionary Analysis of the Concept
Authors: Catarino Marta , Macedo Lúcia , Santos Joana , Charepe Zaida , Festas Constança
Published: January 2025

Aim

To increase conceptual clarity regarding the self‐management of school‐age children and adolescents with chronic illnesses in a community context.

Design

Concept Analysis: Rodgers' evolutionary approach.

Data Sources

Search conducted in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, Nursing and Allied Health Collection, Academic Search Complete, Cochrane, Web of Science, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scopus, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Synthesis. Thirty‐one articles were identified, published between 2004 and 2023.

Reporting Method

Followed the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research guidelines—Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses 2020.

Results

Self‐management in children and adolescents with chronic illness, in school age, in a community context, consists of a process of acquiring knowledge and beliefs that promote the self‐efficacy of this population in developing skills to face needs inherent to the health condition.

Conclusion

Promoting self‐management goes beyond simply educating for skill acquisition. Participants with stronger beliefs in their ability to control their behaviours are more successful in self‐management. The activation of resources that position the child as an agent of change is recommended.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

It contributes to the development of strategies that promote self‐management across different healthcare disciplines, focusing on education and change, but also on psychological encouragement to foster confidence in change.

Impact

Competent self‐management during childhood promotes autonomy, empowerment, and control of the condition, with consequent physical and emotional well‐being, quality of life, family stability, and social development.

No Patient or Public Contribution

There was no direct contribution from patients or the public in this work (literature review).
Exploring Individual and Team Resilience Among Dutch Hospital Nurses: A Survey Study
Authors: van Stralen Sharon A. , Schlinkert Caroline , van Eikenhorst Linda , Wagner Cordula
Published: January 2025

Background

Nurses confront substantial daily workloads. Coping mechanisms, including resilient behaviours at both individual and team levels, are pivotal in managing these challenges. Factors like work experience can significantly influence individual resilience. Yet, team resilience among nurses remains relatively unexplored.

Aim

Our study examined perceptions of both individual and team resilience among Dutch hospital nurses. Furthermore, we investigated the impacts of hospital type, ward type and work experience.

Methods

The Employee Resilience Scale was used to evaluate individual resilience and adapted for team contexts to assess team resilience. This study was one of three conducted under a governmental research program aimed at improving patient safety in the Netherlands. A paired t‐test and correlation analysis were conducted to compare individual resilience with team resilience. A separate t‐test assessed the impact of ward type on perceived individual and team resilience. Finally, post hoc analyses were used to examine the effects of hospital type and work experience.

Results

In total, 344 nurses from 25 different wards of 17 Dutch hospitals completed the survey. In general, nurses indicated to act more resilient on the individual level (mean = 3.77, SD = 0.61) compared to the team level (mean = 3.53, SD = 0.65; t = 7.25, p = 0.00). A correlation was found between perceived individual and team resilience (r = 0.53, p = 0.00). No effects of hospital‐ and ward type were found on both individual or team resilience. Years of work experience did not affect individual resilience but showed a significant effect on team resilience.

Conclusion

Dutch hospital nurses indicated they often act resilient on both individual and team levels. However, with increasing workloads in healthcare, being able to remain resilient will become increasingly challenging and important. Organisations should therefore support employees to maintain resilience by adapting their work environment to meet more employees' needs.
Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhu Runze , Wang Wenxian , Gao Yan , Liu Junchuan , Li Bowen , Shan Rongxue , Xue Runjie , Yuan Xianshun , Wang Xi‐Ming
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of the increased volume index of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with Hypertension (HTN). A total of 209 HTN patients and 50 healthy controls, who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) at two medical centers in China between June 2015 and October 2024, were enrolled for this study. Postprocessing and imaging analysis were conducted and EAT measurements were performed. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to explore the potential relationship with LVH. Binary logistic regression models and mediation analyses were employed to evaluate the association between EAT volume and CMR parameters as well as LVH. Hypertensive patients with LVH exhibited larger indexed EAT volumes, more pronounced diffuse fibrosis, and reduced left ventricular strain compared to hypertensive patients without LVH (all p < 0.001), with results remaining stable after adjusting for confounding factors. The variables that were significant in the univariate regression were included in the multivariate logistic regression model, indicating that indexed EAT volume (p = 0.001), extracellular volume (ECV) (p = 0.012), and global longitudinal strain (GLS) (p = 0.024) were independently associated with LVH. These associations remained stable after adjusting for confounding factors. Mediation analysis further revealed that the relationship between increased EAT volume and LVH was mediated by ECV, native T1, GLS, global circumferential strain (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS) (p < 0.05). These findings imply that EAT is independently linked to LVH in hypertensive patients. The association between EAT and LVH in hypertensive patients may be mediated by myocardial fibrosis or dysfunction.
The Picture of Health: Seeing the Health of the Chronically Challenged Through Van Gogh's Sunflowers as a Needed Revision of the Clinical Perspective
Authors: Pârvan Alexandra
Published: January 2025

This article identifies and offers a response to several problems that affect the quality of both clinical education and health care services. These matters are: that in clinical training and practice, health, as lived by patients (persons), is not properly considered, and is equated reductively with treating diseases/disorders; that health is seen through disease, and as restricted to a single model defined by an organism's meeting (or being returned to) biochemical or functional standards; that intellectual assumptions instilled in schools of Medicine and Psychology about realities pertaining to healthcare determine an understanding of chronic illness or life with chronic challenges focused on impairment and suffering, and not on the fuller experience of living with illness, disability or neuropsychological challenges that patients have as persons; that arts‐based education reflects the same focus in understanding ‘illness’, and thus neglects giving attention to the creation of personal health states of those living with challenging or debilitating long‐term conditions; that, consequently, the arts are instrumentalized to serve these predefined educational purposes, rather than allowed to inform clinical training through that which is intrinsic or more specific to them. As a way out of these limitations and as an illustration of how things could be done differently, Vincent Van Gogh's paintings of the Sunflowers are used as visual inspiration for how we could change the way we see, and construct new mental representations of ‘health’, ‘chronic illness’ or 'chronic challenges', ‘patient as person’ or even 'person as non‐patient', ‘the clinician's role’ and ‘the identity of clinical practice’. Relying on Van Gogh's depictions of the sunflowers as an example and a visual basis, the article shows how characteristics typical to art (transformation, alternative generation, etc.) can be transferred into the perception and conceptualisation of clinically relevant realities, and discusses the benefits of these changes for clinical practice.
Adult Scissor Bite Case Treatment With Moving Teeth Through Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hoon , Park Jae Hyun , Huh Hee‐Sun , Yu Jae‐Hyung , Chung Dong‐Hwa
Published: January 2025

Objective

This case report demonstrates the orthodontic treatment to correct a severe scissor bite and occlusal disharmony in a 26‐year‐old female patient, including the use of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) and fixed orthodontic appliances.

Clinical Considerations

Severe scissor bite is associated with vertical problems, such as molar extrusion. For orthodontic treatment, interradicular TADs were used to intrude the extruded molars, control the inclination of molars, correct dental midline, and improve dental relationships.

Conclusions

This treatment not only achieved successful correction of the scissor bite but also provided adequate occlusion function and improved facial esthetics.

Clinical Significance

TADs provided an effective orthodontic force system to correct the scissor bite. In severe scissor bite cases, a significant amount of maxillary molar intrusion is required, which can increase the risk of moving teeth through the maxillary sinus. Using CBCT images could help in treatment planning for the three‐dimensional movement of teeth during the orthodontic treatment.
Dissolved organic carbon from “white” waters in Amazon basin (Brazil) and the osmoregulatory responses of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in neutral and acidic environments
Authors: Sadauskas‐Henrique Helen , de Souza‐Bastos Luciana R. , Smith D. Scott , Val Adalberto L. , Wood Chris M.
Published: January 2025

Optical characterization of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) freshly collected from the circumneutral “white water” of the Rio Solimoes revealed that it had lower aromaticity, lower molecular weight, and a greater autochthonous content than DOC from the acidic “black water” of the Rio Negro. The tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a characid member of the Serrasalmidae, is a model neotropical fish that migrates annually between the two rivers. We analysed ionoregulatory responses of the tambaqui over 24 h in ion‐poor water at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0 in the absence and presence of 10 mg L−1 Rio Solimoes DOC (“SOL DOC”). Measured parameters included transepithelial potential (TEP) across the gills, net flux rates, and plasma concentrations of Na+, Cl−, ammonia, and urea, and branchial Na+, K+ −ATPase, H+, ATPase, and carbonic anhydrase activities. Results were compared to our earlier study using similar protocols to examine the ionoregulatory effects of 10 mg L−1 DOC (“SGC DOC”) collected from black water at São Gabriel da Cachoeira (SGC) in the upper Rio Negro. At pH 7.0, SOL DOC had no effect on the negative TEP across the gills. Exposure to pH 4.0 caused a marked depolarization of the TEP to positive values that was not ameliorated by the presence of SOL DOC. This contrasts with SGC DOC that drove TEP more negative at pH 7.0 and fully protected against the depolarization at pH 4.0. However, SOL DOC promoted positive balance of Na+ and Cl− at pH 7.0 and helped ameliorate the negative balance of these ions seen at pH 4.0. This again contrasts with SGC DOC that exacerbated ion losses at pH 4.0. The protective effects of SOL DOC on ion balance maybe related to increased v‐type H+ ATPase activity in the gills, and unrelated to TEP. The very different responses to the two DOCs are discussed with respect to their optical properties, the time that they were in storage prior to testing (SOL <1 month, SGC 2 years), and the life history of the tambaqui in the two rivers.
This unique and precious opportunity: A conversation among feminist administrators about reclaiming the transformative potential of post‐pandemic higher education
Authors: Pratt Menah , Zvonkovic Anisa M. , Oswald Ramona Faith
Published: January 2025

In the fall and winter of 2024, co‐guest editors Ramona Oswald and Anisa Zvonkovic talked with Vice President Menah Pratt about her vision for higher education. Dr. Pratt is internationally recognized for her work in leading change in academic institutions. The discussion centered on the unique and precious opportunity of higher education for students, the transformative potential of this opportunity, at the present moment.
Factors Influencing Daily Living and Ostomy Self‐Care Management in Ostomates: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Ertürk Elif Budak , Ari Hacer , Üstündağ Çiğdem , Yilmaz Esra , Topdemir Ülkü
Published: January 2025

Aim

To examine the factors affecting the ability of ostomates to perform activities of daily living and manage ostomy self‐care.

Design

Mix method design.

Method

This study was undertaken through survey (descriptive and clinical characteristics form and Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL)) for collecting the quantitative data (n = 60) and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with patients unable to perform ostomy self‐care for collecting qualitative data (n = 12) between January 2023 and December 2023.

Results

Factors hindering the ability to perform ostomy self‐care were physical reasons (68.3%) and psychological reasons (66.7%). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that individuals with a chronic disease have a Katz ADL score 12.6 times higher than those without a chronic disease (p = 0.004, OR = 12.665, 95% CI: 2.304–69.614). Qualitative analysis identified three themes as challenges, taking over ostomy care and factors improving the quality of life with ostomy.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that having an ostomy impairs individuals' ability to perform daily activities independently and manage their ostomy. Additionally, the presence of a chronic disease in ostomates predicts greater dependence in daily activities. In this regard, support mechanisms should be identified and activated based on the needs of ostomates and chronic diseases, with nursing interventions tailored to address those needs.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

A dedicated team of specialised ostomy nurses can offer valuable support by focusing on ostomy management and assessing factors that affect both self‐care and daily activities.

Impact

This study highlights the impact of coping with an ostomy on daily life and self‐care, underscoring the need for targeted support for vulnerable groups and guiding ostomy care nurses in post‐discharge follow‐up and support group organisation.

Reporting Methods

STROBE and GRAMMS checklists.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients contributed to the study by sharing their experiences through face‐to‐face interviews during data collection process.
School Attendance Among Autistic Students in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A Population Cross‐Sectional Study Using the Integrated Data Infrastructure
Authors: Bowden Nicholas , Anns Francesca , Vu Hien , Dacombe Joanne , Muir Colette , Russell Jin , van der Meer Larah , Williams John , Clendon Sally
Published: January 2025

Background

Extant literature indicates autistic students have lower school attendance compared to the general population. However, there remains considerable heterogeneity between studies, a lack of large population‐based studies beyond the UK and US, and insufficient consideration of age and sex differences in attendance rates. The aim of this study was to examine school attendance among autistic compared with non‐autistic students including stratification by age and sex.

Methods

This was a national retrospective cohort study using population‐level data on students aged 5 to 16 years in 2018. Autism was identified using diagnostic information contained within multiple health datasets. Regular attendance was defined as attending 90% or more of school half days. The association between autism and attendance was estimated using complete‐case 2‐level random intercept modified Poisson regression.

Results

Among 654 438 students, 8427 (1.3%) were autistic. In adjusted analyses, autism was associated with significantly decreased likelihood of regular attendance (incident rate ratio [IRR] 0.88; 95% CI, 0.86–0.90). Age and sex stratification revealed significant age differences with likelihood of regular school attendance lower for younger autistic students (5–11 years) (IRR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.83–0.87) while sex differences were marginal. The most frequent type of non‐attendance among autistic students was justified (including medical) absence (8.2% of recorded attendance hours for autistic students vs. 5.0% for non‐autistic students).

Conclusion

This study provides further, whole‐population evidence of the significant disparities experienced by Autistic students. To improve attendance of autistic students, comprehensive and targeted supports are required to help the student, family and school.
Mechanism of Exogenous Melatonin to Alleviate the Fermentation Performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Under Copper Stress
Authors: Wei Mengyuan , Zhao Zixian , Que Zhiluo , Li Bohan , Yang Jinyu , Jiang Wenguang , Fang Yulin , Sun Xiangyu
Published: January 2025

Melatonin is involved in biological adverse stress response and enhances the ability of yeast to adapt to adverse conditions. This study investigated the mechanism of exogenous melatonin addition to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) under copper stress. The results indicated that the addition of excessive exogenous melatonin (100 mg/L) led to the accumulation of maltose and trehalose in S. cerevisiae, which slowed glucose metabolism and further suppressed the alcoholic fermentation process. The cell morphology, cell wall structure, and the organelle morphology of S. cerevisiae EC1118 under copper stress improved with the addition of 1 μg/mL of melatonin. The results of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) indicated that melatonin induced more creamy and waxy flavors in the fermentation broth, whereas excessive melatonin led to the production of unpleasant fats with a coconut oil smell. The metabolomics results showed that melatonin promoted the synthesis of Cup1p and increased copper resistance by upregulating the sulfur‐containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage were alleviated through the upregulation of AFMK, which protected the integrity of the cell membrane, thereby the physiological mechanism of alleviating copper stress was achieved. Overall, moderate amounts of melatonin reduced the contraction of cells caused by copper stress and promoted the production of flavor substances. This study holds theoretical and practical importance for wine making and industrial wine production under copper stress.