bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Medical Records Review for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Authors: Wei Ruoqi , Buss Stephanie S , Milde Rebecca , Fernandes Marta , Sumsion Daniel , Davis Elijah , Kong Wan-Yee , Xiong Yiwen , Veltink Jet , Rao Samvrit , Westover Tara M. , Petersen Lydia , Turley Niels , Singh Arjun , Das Sudeshna , Junior Valdery Moura , Ghanta Manohar , Gupta Aditya , Kim Jennifer , Lam Alice D. , Stone Katie L. , Mignot Emmanuel , Hwang Dennis , Trotti Lynn Marie , Clifford Gari D. , Katwa Umakanth , Thomas Robert J , Mukerji Shibani , Zafar Sahar F. , Westover M. Brandon , Sun Haoqi
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Unstructured and structured data in electronic health records (EHR) are a rich source of information for research and quality improvement studies. However, extracting accurate information from EHR is labor-intensive. Here we introduce an automated EHR phenotyping model to identify patients with Alzheimer's Disease, related dementias (ADRD), or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Methods: We assembled medical notes and associated International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and medication prescriptions from 3,626 outpatient adults from two hospitals seen between February 2015 and June 2022. Ground truth annotations regarding the presence vs. absence of a diagnosis of MCI or ADRD were determined through manual chart review. Indicators extracted from notes included the presence of keywords and phrases in unstructured clinical notes, prescriptions of medications associated with MCI/ADRD, and ICD codes associated with MCI/ADRD. We trained a regularized logistic regression model to predict the ground truth annotations. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC), area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC), accuracy, specificity, precision/positive predictive value, recall/sensitivity, and F1 score (harmonic mean of precision and recall).
Results: Thirty percent of patients in the cohort carried diagnoses of MCI/ADRD based on manual review. When evaluated on a held-out test set, the best model using clinical notes, ICDs, and medications, achieved an AUROC of 0.98, an AUPRC of 0.98, an accuracy of 0.93, a sensitivity (recall) of 0.91, a specificity of 0.96, a precision of 0.96, and an F1 score of 0.93 The estimated overall accuracy for patients randomly selected from EHRs was 99.88%.
Conclusion: Automated EHR phenotyping accurately identifies patients with MCI/ADRD based on clinical notes, ICD codes, and medication records. This approach holds potential for large-scale MCI/ADRD research utilizing EHR databases.
Construction of a Dual-Mode Sensing Platform for Ultra-fast and Real-time Detection of Bisulfite in Food and Environmental Systems
Authors: Huang Xiaoyu , Li Jiaxing , Chen Qiutong , Tian Mingyu , Liang Tianyu , Tang Lijun
Published: November 2024

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is widely used in food processing to extend the shelf life of food. However, excessive intake of SO2 and its derivatives (HSO3- and SO32-) can cause oxidative damage to the body, resulting in several diseases. How to construct probes for rapid real-time detection of HSO3- in the field is beneficial to the developmental needs of practical applications, but it is also very challenging. Here we report a dual-mode fluorescent probe Rh-QL for ultrafast detection of HSO3-, which undergoes a specific 1,4-Michael addition reaction with sulfite to achieve Near-infrared fluorescence turn-on. Probe Rh-QL was able to detect HSO3- within 5 s with a significant color change from violet to green and a strong fluorescence signal at 700 nm. The probe Rh-QL has been used for the detection of HSO3- in real sugar samples and can be prepared as a portable sensing kit for the detection of HSO3- in the environment due to its high efficiency, rapidity and accuracy. In addition, the probe Rh-QL is able to target label Gram-negative bacteria after reacting with HSO3-, which has the potential to identify the type of pathogenic bacteria.
Molecular marker-assisted Gene Pyramiding in Rice for Blast Resistance, Early Maturity, Salinity and Submergence Tolerance
Authors: Haque Md Azadul , Rafii Mohd Y. , Yusoff Martini Mohammad , Ali Nusaibah Syd , Datta Debi , Chowdhary Mst. Farhana Nazneen
Published: November 2024

Rice yield is severely affected by many biotic and abiotic stresses; among them, rice blast diseases, submergence, and salinity stress cause significant yield losses. The present study was carried out with the objective of combining the blast resistance genes Pi2, Pi9, and Piz, the salt resistance gene (QTL Saltol), the submergence resistance gene (QTL Sub1), and the early maturing QTL Hd2, into the single genetic background of Malaysian rice through marker-assisted gene pyramiding (MAGP). The blast-resistant Putra-1 rice variety was crossed with the salt-tolerant Binadhan-10 rice variety, and the submergence-resistant Putra-2 rice variety was crossed with the early-maturing MR297 rice variety. "True" F1s were identified and self-selected using target gene-specific markers. F2 plants, which are homozygous for all the target genes, or QTLs, were identified using PCR-based markers and advanced further through the pedigree method of breeding with selection based on phenotypic traits. At the F3 generation, a set of 28 promising homozygous lines carrying the Pi2, Pi9, Piz, Sub1, Saltol, and Hd2 genes was identified through gene-specific markers for phenotypic evaluation. The 24 advanced lines were screened for their agronomic performance, resistance against blast diseases, and tolerance to salinity and submergence stress. Among them, GPL-183, GPL-286, GPL-224, GPL-188, GPL-219, GPL-284, GPL-300, GPL-232, and GPL-195 advanced lines were selected for blast resistance, submergence tolerance, and salinity tolerance with early maturity characteristics and also recommended for large-scale field evaluation and future breeding schemes to generate various stress-resistant rice varieties.
Safety and pharmacodynamics of intranasal administration of recombinant human interferon alfa-2b as a potential prophylactic for SARS-CoV-2 infection in an at-risk group: a phase I-II clinical trial, open, uncontrolled, in a single-arm (OLIVO Study)
Authors: Hernández-Bernal Francisco , Quintana-Guerra Joel M. , Vázquez-Blomquist Dania , Josué-Díaz Lídice , Urrutia-Pérez Klaudia , Urrutia-Pérez Karen , Rodríguez-Reinoso José L. , Castillo-Miranda Jorge C. , Pacheco-Rodríguez Maritza , Valdés-Prado Iris , Alonso-Valdés Marel , Nodarse-Cuní Hugo , Aguilera-Barreto Ana , Muzio-González Verena L.
Published: November 2024

Type I interferons (IFN α and β) represent a promising potential candidate for the development of a broad-spectrum antiviral therapy in the event of a global viral outbreak. This study aimed to investigate the safety of intranasal administration of recombinant human interferon alpha 2b (Nasalferon) in order to characterize adverse events and to determine the gene expression levels of the pharmacodynamic response marker, 2’,5’-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), in oropharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood. A Phase I-II, open-label, uncontrolled, single-group clinical trial was conducted. The study enrolled 80 subjects over the age of 19 years who were healthcare workers and who provided written informed consent to participate. The product was administered intranasally, twice daily for 10 days at a daily concentration of 2 million international units (MIU). The clinical trial was registered in the Cuban Public Registry of Clinical Trials (RPCEC00000337). The intranasal administration of Nasalferon was found to be safe and well tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported. The incidence of adverse events was 45/80 (56.3%). Nasalferon administration activated the transcript for OAS1 in 97.5% of subjects, with an increase in OAS1 expression in the oropharynx from 24 to 120 hours. The product also activated OAS1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in 50% of subjects at 120 hours. Intranasal administration of Nasalferon was safe, well tolerated, and activated the transcript for OAS1 in subjects at the time of the study.
Prognostic Significance of Systemic Inflammation Markers in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Akçam Tevfik İlker , Tekneci Ahmet Kayahan , TURHAN Kutsal , Duman Salih , Çuhatutar Şeyhmus , Özkan Berker , Kaba Erkan , Metin Muzaffer , Cansever Levent , Sezen Celal Buğra , Ceylan Kenan Can , Çıtak Necati , Samancılar Özgür , Bayram Ahmet Sami , Sezer Ebru , Toker Alper , Doğusoy Ilgaz
Published: November 2024

Objective
The present study investigates the prognostic significance of systemic inflammation markers in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing surgery.
Materials and Methods
The data of 2,159 patients treated with lung resection for stage I-IIA NSCLC in nine centres between January 2010 and December 2022 were analysed retrospectively. The patients were grouped by preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) and pan-immune inflammation value(PIV), and compared with a survival analysis.
Results
The mean overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in the patients with high NLRs than in those with low NLRs (102.7 vs. 109.4 months, p = 0.040). The a low LMR was associated with poorer OS (101 vs. 110.3 months, p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (100.2 vs. 108.6 months, p = 0.020). Moreover the complication rate was higher in patients with low LMRs (33.8% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.028). A high PLR was identified as a poor prognostic factor for both OS (104.1 vs. 110.1 months, p = 0.017) and DFS (102.5 vs. 108.7 months, p = 0.021), and higher complication rates than the other group (38.1% vs. 33.1%, p = 0.016). A high PIV was associated with poorer OS (82.0 vs. 87.86 months, p = 0.159) and DFS (101.2 vs. 109.8 months, p = 0.003), and patients with a high PIV experienced longer chest tube durations (6.9 vs. 6.7 days, p = 0.049) and hospital stays (8.6 vs. 8.2 days, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
In our multicenter study, it was determined that NLR, LMR and PLR, as well as PIV value, whose prognostic significance is unknown in NSCLC, were associated with poor survival.
Artificial thermal flow control on thermoelectric device by tuning electrode absorptivity
Authors: Saito Sohei , Yamamoto Ayaha , Lu Yu-Jung , Tanaka Takuo , KUBO Wakana
Published: November 2024

Thermoelectric conversion is a direct conversion of thermal energy to electricity, triggered by the Seebeck effect. Typically, the configuration of a thermoelectric device and the absorptivity of both electrodes exhibit symmetrical optical characteristics between the hot and cold ends, and these factors usually are not expected to affect the direction of the thermal gradient. Here, we first demonstrate the ability to reverse the direction of thermal flow across a thermoelectric element by adjusting the absorptivity of electrodes at both ends in an environment with uniform thermal radiation. For example, when the metamaterial or fullerene electrodes were attached to one end a p-type thermoelectric element, they generated output voltages of 19.5 µV and − 4.0 µV, respectively, in an environment with uniform thermal radiation at 364 K. Using this insight, we demonstrated power generation on a π-shaped thermoelectric device consisting only of p-type thermoelectric legs by designing the absorptivity of the electrode at each end. Our findings will provide valuable insights as a device guideline for conventional thermoelectric devices.
Chemical characterization of heavy minerals and stream sediment of Betare-Oya gold district Neoproterozoic Fold Belt, Eastern Cameroon: implications for gold mineralization
Authors: Jean-Lavenir Ndema Mbongué , Ngomba Mbua Elvis , Junior Emmanuel Eseya Mengu
Published: November 2024

Stream sediment geochemical survey was carried out in Boyo situated in the Betare-Oya gold district. The study was aim to determine the primary source of gold, mineralogy of heavy mineral concentrate, provenance, weathering conditions and tectonic setting. Samples were collected by panning and analyzed using inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry method. Heavy minerals present in concentrates include gold, zircon, magnetite. The gold grade ranges from 15–37 and could be overestimated due to the presence of nuggets. Gold grains vary in size from 0.125-1 mm and exhibit sub-angular and angular shape indicating they were proximal to the source. Sediments shown enrichment in Au (8440- >10000 ppb), Mn (250–350 ppm), Hg (40–560 ppm), Th (186- >200 ppm), Y (67.5–117 ppm), large ion lithophile elements, rare earth element (REE: 1684.9-2382.6 ppm) and depletion in Fe2O3 (1.08–2.25 wt.%), Nb (0.4–1.6 ppm), Mo (0.03–0.21 ppm), high field strength elements. REE patterns show LREE enrichment (LaN/SmN = 1.06–1.24) relative to HREE (GdN/YbN = 2.20–9.29) and negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.24–0.31). Au may be linked to sulphide minerals and the sulphidation could be the dominant mechanism of gold ore deposition. The association Bi-Pb-Sb-Sn-Zn are interpreted as mineralization factor and Bi, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn are regarded as pathfinders for Au. The sediments were sourced intermediate igneous provenance, the detrital fraction and the source of contamination resulted from granitic sources. Sediments were immature, undergone intense weathering, transported in a short distance and were deposited in a passive margin consistent with rift environments.
Segmenting ancient cemetery under forests using synthesized LiDAR-derived data and deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Yang Hong
Published: November 2024

The investigation and identification of spatial distribution of archaeological remains is full of challenges in forested areas, deep learning (DL) methods and light-detection and ranging (LiDAR) make it possible to quickly and automatically identify remains under vegetation cover. This study applied a semantic segmentation model based on convolutional neural networks and LiDAR-derived data to segment an ancient cemetery in a forested area in Baling Mountain and Jishan Mountain in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China. We proposed to synthesize multiple LiDAR-derived data into three-channel and five-channel data and perform data augmentation. Moreover, the channel attention (CA) mechanism was used to improve the U-Net and TransUNet models. Finally, segmentation of cemeteries in two regions was implemented and model migration was applied to new geographic regions. The results indicated that it has higher precision using five-channel raster data synthesized with elevation (DEM), slope, hillshade, roughness, and curvature than one or three derived data synthesized raster data in the test dataset. For the U-Net model, the intersection over union (IoU), precision, and recall reached 0.885, 0.921, and 0.924, respectively, for the TransUNet model, the IoU, precision, and recall reached 0.901, 0.921, and 0.944, respectively, successfully segmenting the unknown region cemetery. In addition, the migration of the model also indicated that the model trained by synthesizing data has better portability. In conclusion, our results contribute to the current discussion on techniques for automatically extracting historical terrain features using the DL method and LiDAR-derived data, and can also provide useful guidance for identifying archaeological remains in vegetation covered areas.
Coupled Study on the Uniformity and Dimensional Accuracy of 316L Microchannel Roll Forming
Authors: Zhao Fuqiang , Liu Zhewen , Wang Dong , Huang Qingxue , Chen Shuaifeng
Published: November 2024

The forming quality of flow channels on metal bipolar plates is a key factor affecting the performance of hydrogen fuel cells. Roll forming, as an emerging process for producing plates, offers advantages of continuous production and high efficiency, showing great potential. Exploring the uniformity and dimensional accuracy of roll-formed bipolar plate channels is crucial for enhancing forming quality and achieving mass production. Therefore, this paper focuses on studying the roll forming of microchannels on 0.1mm thick 316L. It establishes criteria of channel depth, inclination, wall thickness, and residual stress uniformity, alongside depth and inclination dimensional accuracy. The study analyzes the effects of different roll mold corner radii and side gaps on the channel's uniformity and dimensional accuracy. It was found that increasing the mold corner radius or side gap improves the uniformity of channel depth, inclination, thickness, and residual stress, but lowers the dimensional accuracy of depth and inclination. Furthermore, addressing the trade-off between channel uniformity and dimensional accuracy, a method to balance both is proposed. This method first uses a research approach combining numerical simulation and experimentation, employing a combined weighting method to calculate the composite weighting coefficient of uniformity and dimensional accuracy. Next, based on cooperative game theory, it solves the design variable values optimizing target performance by using a benefit function aimed at both uniformity and dimensional accuracy. This involves a game about different mold corner radii and side gaps to select the optimal ones, ultimately achieving high uniformity and high dimensional accuracy of the flow channels.
Fabrication of Solar-Driven new composite Heterostructure CoWO 4 /NCW Photo catalysts for Enhanced Adsorption /Photo Degradation Activity of organic pollutants
Authors: Hassan Ali A. , Shakir Ibtehal Kareem
Published: November 2024

In this work, abundant natural and industrial materials were used in concert to create a new nanocomposite made of Nanocellulose (NCW) hydrolyzed by nitric acid and cobalt tungstate (CoWO4) prepared by precipitation methods from sodium tungstate and cobalt chloride. The result was a cost-effective nanocomposite used as an adsorbent and photo-degradation with exceptional organic pollutants (OP) in refinery wastewater (RWW). This composite exhibited outstanding mechanical stability and eliminated organic pollutants (OP) by oxidation and adsorbent. All materials were comprehensively characterized through XRD, FTIR, DRS, TGA, BET, EDX, XRD, and FE-SEM analyses. A comparison was made between the nanocomposite's UV and solar light performance, considering factors like temperature, pH, time, dose, and so on. The best conditions were identified: pH levels of 8–9, time of 120 minutes, temperature of 70°C, and dose of 1.0 gm. Upon applying these optimized conditions to RWW samples, the high removal ratios were achieved: 97.4, 90.3, 64.2, and 49% for CoWO4/NCW, NCW, NaOH/CW, and CW respectively. These findings underscore the composite's potential as an economical and efficient biosorbent for OP elimination, alongside its effectiveness in solar-assisted degradation processes.
Chatter feature extraction for milling thin-walled parts based on GWO-VMD and CMSE
Authors: Wang Xuezhi , You Chongli , Li Xiaoguang , Ma Shujuan , Hou Ning , Song Guiqiu , Wang Minghai
Published: November 2024

To meet the requirements of the aviation industry for lightweight and high-strength equipment, a large number of complex monolithic thin-walled parts are used in aircraft. Most of these parts are processed by CNC milling, and chatter is easily induced during the machining process, which affects the machining quality of thin-walled parts. Therefore, how to apply signal processing technology to accurately identify chatter under complex working conditions is extremely important. To address this problem, this paper proposes a milling chattering feature extraction method based on the VMD of the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and the composite multiscale entropy (CMSE). First, the milling force signal was adaptively decomposed into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using GWO-VMD with the minimum permutation entropy (PE) as the fitness function of the GWO. Next, the signal was reconstructed according to the energy ratio of the decomposed signal to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Then, the CMSE of the reconstructed signal was extracted and analyzed, and the CMSE of the optimal scale was selected as the chatter detection index to achieve a more accurate chatter detection. Finally, experimental verification was carried out by side milling of thin-walled parts. The results show that the processing of the signal using the optimized variational modal decomposition algorithm can avoid the problem of difficult separation of the chattering signals due to mode mixing. Compared with the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the variation rate of the CMSE obtained after processing the signal with the GWO-VMD method is increased by 51.38%, which can significantly improve the discrimination ability of the CMSE for different milling states and is more conducive to chatter detection. Among them, the CMSE with a scale factor of 3 is most beneficial to chatter detection. The realization of chatter detection of thin-walled parts can effectively control the chatter generated in the milling process of thin-walled parts, which is conducive to improving the machining accuracy, quality and efficiency of workpieces. It is significant for the development of the intelligent manufacturing industry and the aerospace industry.
Minimum Humanitarian Standards of basic needs in temporary Displaced Camps in Shendi Locality, River Nile State, Sudan
Authors: Ali Alhaj Saad Mohamed Ahmed , Khamees Rowyda Alnile Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Background
Minimum standards these are qualitative in nature and specify the minimum levels to be attained in humanitarian response regarding the provision location conditions, water, Sanitation and hygiene promotion.
Study design and Methods:
cross-sectional- Sample survey and household based study was conducted on the displaced shelters in the temporary camps in Shendi locality, between August to October 2024 for the purpose of observe the minimum humanitarian standards in the shelter camps. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews through a written questionnaire (100 questionnaires were distributed to the displaced households heads in the camps) and also through the checklist and non-structural interview. The data was analyzed using SPSS software.
Results
The assessment of temporary displaced camps in Shendi Locality, Sudan, reveals significant deficiencies in minimum humanitarian standards, including nutrition. While displaced households reside in schools with some facilities like toilets and kitchens, access to water is high (98% use tap water), and hygiene practices vary, with 66% maintaining good hygiene but 78% engaging in risky behaviors that may contaminate water. Nutritional standards are also lacking, with many households facing food insecurity and inadequate dietary diversity. Waste management is problematic, as 90% of waste is disposed of in open dumps, contributing to the breeding of flies and mosquitoes. Despite 98% taking protective measures against insects, the overall inadequacy of sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition practices poses a serious risk of disease spread, highlighting the urgent need for coordinated efforts by the government and organizations to improve conditions in these camps.
Conclusion
The assessment of temporary displaced camps in Shendi Locality, Sudan, reveals significant shortcomings in nutrition, sanitation, and hygiene, posing serious health risks. Key recommendations include improving food security, enhancing sanitation and waste management, and promoting hygiene education. Collaborative efforts between government and NGOs are vital for implementing sustainable solutions to improve conditions and reduce disease spread in these camps.
Assessment of Centrifuge Knowledge Among Medical Laboratory Personnel: A Survey-Based Study
Authors: Gümüş Alper , Zengi Oğuzhan , Kazezoğlu Cemal , Uçar Kamil Taha , Coşkun Cihan , Tek Semih , Doğan Nazife , Düz Muhammed Emin , Şener Gülsen , Köyüstü Kübra Nur
Published: November 2024

Objective: This survey study aims to evaluate knowledge of centrifuge usage and adherence to centrifugation protocols among laboratory personnel. These aspects are crucial in preventing pre-analytical errors. Additionally, the study seeks to assess the equipment infrastructure and staffing status within the participants' institutions.
Materials and methods:The study involved 397 participants from various medical laboratories. A 16-item survey, using a 5-point Likert scale, was utilized to assess theoretical and practical knowledge of centrifuge usage. Two groups of subscales were developed, with one focusing on theoretical and practical knowledge and the other on pre-centrifugation, centrifugation, and post-centrifugation processes. Demographic data were collected, and the reliability of the survey was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha (0.94). Validity was assessed through factor analysis.
Results: The majority of participants were female (63%) and worked as laboratory technicians (72%). Approximately 71% had never received formal centrifuge training, and significant differences were observed between theoretical and practical knowledge, particularly among laboratory technicians (P<0.001). Education level and job title also influenced knowledge scores (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The developed survey scale demonstrated high reliability and validity, indicating its potential as a valuable reference for future studies assessing centrifuge knowledge and usage in laboratory environments. These findings underline the need for improved training programs to reduce pre-analytical errors and enhance overall laboratory performance.
Glutathione metabolism-related drug targets versus standard therapy in the treatment of breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huang Zhen , Wu Zhe , Mo Chongde , Zhu Guiyue , Qiu Fangyu , Hou Qiyan , Xie Yujie , Li Lihui , Pan Yinhua , Zou Quanqing , Yang Jianrong
Published: November 2024

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is among the leading types of cancer affecting women globally. Glutathione metabolism has been implicated in both positive and negative ways in various cancers, but its specific role in breast cancer remains uncertain, a thorough exploration of the link between Glutathione metabolism and BC is crucial.
Methods: This study selected BC-related datasets and 50 Glutathione metabolism genes. It used Mendelian randomization to analyze the causal relationship between glutathione metabolism and BC. IVW method was used as the main analysis method, and Steiger test was performed to verify the results. Co-localization analysis was conducted for potential drug targets, and drugs related to these targets were screened from Drugbank and CTD. Finally, the MR results were verified using ebi-a-GCST90018799 dataset.
Results: We found 348 eQTLs linked causally to BC, pointing to glutathione metabolism. Notably, GSTM1 （protective factor）was the only gene that co-localized with BC, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target. Additionally, PheW-MR analysis showed that GSTM1 also had a protective effect against melanoma.
Conclusions: The validation of our MR findings has established a substantial causal link between GSTM1 and BC. While GPX4 was a risk factor, LAP3, GSTM4, and GSTM2 were protective factors.
Mixotrophic growth of the polar marine microalga Chlamydomonas sp. RCC2488 (malina) using potato peel hydrolysates as carbon source
Authors: Akhter Shah Rucksana , Barth Laura , Serrano-Carreón Leobardo , Martinez Alfredo , Morales-Sanchez Daniela
Published: November 2024

Chlamydomonas malina is a polar microalga with high PUFA production under phototrophic conditions. In this study, C. malina, strain RCC2488, was cultivated on glucose and potato peel hydrolysates (PPH), at 120 µmol photons m-2 s-1 of light intensity, to investigate the feasibility of growing under mixotrophic conditions. Potato peels were subjected to an acid-hydrothermal pretreatment. The resulting material was separated into three fractions, each of which was prepared for the subsequent enzymatic reaction with a-amylase and amyloglucosidase: PPH1, supernatant + paste collectively; PPH2, only paste, H2SO4 – removed with water; PPH3, only supernatant. Transmembrane glucose transport, growth kinetics, macromolecular composition, as well as lipid types, and fatty acid profile of C. malina were determined. The microalga was able to grow and transport glucose under mixotrophic but not heterotrophic conditions. The highest concentration of reducing sugar (glucose) was found in PPH1 and PPH3. However, the lowest biomass content was found in those hydrolysates, likely due to the presence of furfural and hidroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In contrast, C. malina had the highest biomass productivity in glucose and PPH2. The PPHs promoted lipid accumulation in C. malina but with different lipid composition. PPH1 and PPH3 promoted the synthesis of TAG, while PPH2 allowed the accumulation of polar lipids with high PUFA content. Therefore, pretreatment and hydrolysis optimization are necessary to use potato peel as an efficient carbon source without toxic by-products. Mixotrophic cultivation of C. malina was possible but not ideal since higher growth is attained under phototrophic conditions.
The Impact of the CpxA on Regulating Polymyxin B Resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqing , Fang Yupeng , Xue Chengbin , Guo Ziwei , Liu Cunlei , Liu Yongsheng
Published: November 2024

Polymyxin B is considered as a last-resort antibiotic for multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. Addressing Salmonella resistance to polymyxin B is crucial for global public health. Our study revealed that CpxA/ArcB knockout inhibits the motility, tolerance to acid stress and oxidative stress of S.typhimurium. Most notably, the tolerance of S.typhimurium to polymyxin B could be increased by either CpxA or CpxA/ArcB deletion. In this study, transcriptomic detection and analysis were used to clarify the mechanisms by which CpxA-deleted S.typhimurium is involved in resistance to polymyxin B stress, which may be related to processes such as increased assembly of bacterial flagella.
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Modulating Cognitive Processes in Rats: Exploring the Effects of Various MLA Delivery Methods through the Gut-Brain Axis.
Authors: Cao Chi , Li Shulin , Wang Wencheng , Shi Lei , Ma Rui , Zhang Bin , Tian Jianying
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of intestinal flora and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways in the gut-brain axis, using oral gavage and intraperitoneal injection of methyllycaconitine (MLA).
METHODS
MLA was administered at a dose of 4 mg/kg for 30 days, either orally or via intraperitoneal injection. Rats were then assessed for behavioral changes, inflammatory markers, neurotransmitters, neuroreceptors, and intestinal mucosal barrier integrity.
RESULTS
Rats receiving MLA via intraperitoneal injection exhibited significant behavioral abnormalities compared to the control and orally administered MLA groups. The levels of IL-1β were elevated in both intestinal and hippocampal tissues, while IL-10 levels were decreased. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was significantly lower in hippocampal tissues. Furthermore, α7nAChR expression was reduced in hippocampal tissues, accompanied by an increase in 5-HT3A receptors. The intestinal mucosal barrier was compromised, as evidenced by reduced expression of ZO-1 and Occludin, along with increased IL-1β and decreased IL-10 levels in the gut.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that oral gavage of MLA does not induce cognitive impairment in rats compared to intraperitoneal injection, possibly due to the involvement of intestinal flora in the protective effects of CAP.
Size Effect-based Improved Antioxidant Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Regulating Anti-PI3K-mTOR and Ras-MEK Pathways for Treating Spinal Cord Injury to Avoid Hormone Shock-induced Immunosuppression
Authors: Liu Peixin , Liu Xiaodong , Wu Zihao , Shen Kui , Li Zhaofeng , Li Xiaowei , Wu Qifeng , Chan Leung , Zhang Zhong , Wu Yutong , Liu Liwen , Chen Tianfeng , Qin Yi
Published: November 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a critical condition affecting the central nervous system that often has permanent and debilitating consequences, including secondary injuries. Oxidative damage and inflammation are critical factors in secondary pathological processes. Selenium nanoparticles have demonstrated significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties via a non-immunosuppressive pathway; however, their clinical application has been limited by their inadequate stability and functionality to cross the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB). This study proposed a synthesis method for ultra-small-diameter lentinan Se nanoparticles (LNT-UsSeNPs) with significantly superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capabilities compared to conventional lentinan Se nanoparticles (LNT-SeNPs). These compounds effectively protected PC-12 cells from oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced apoptosis. In vivo studies indicated that LNT-UsSeNPs efficiently penetrated the BSCB and effectively inhibited the apoptosis of spinal neurons. Ultimately, LNT-UsSeNPs directly regulated the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathways by regulating selenoproteins to achieve non-immunosuppressive anti-inflammatory therapy. Owing to their ultra-small size, LNT-UsSeNPs exhibited strong spinal barrier penetration and potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects without compromising immune function. These findings suggest that LNT-UsSeNPs are promising candidates for further development in nanomedicine for the effective treatment of SCI.
Thermal-hydraulic performance of nanofluids in separated flow induced by double forward facing step with converging/diverging wall: single-phase SST k-ω turbulence model
Authors: Jourabian Mahmoud , Raeesi Mehrdad
Published: November 2024

Some numerical works in the literature applied the semi-empirical correlations for estimating temperature-dependent properties of hybrid nanofluids (HyNf). Nevertheless, these correlations (developed based on the regression analysis of an extensive variety of experimental data), were originally proposed for mono NFs. No one has examined the accuracy of properties data of mono/hybrid NF obtained by using semi-empirical correlations compared to the relevant experimental data. In this study, the SST k-ω model in the single-phase framework based on OpenFOAM is applied for the turbulent forced convection heat transfer inside a double forward-facing step (DFFS) channel. The effects of converging/diverging bottom adiabatic wall and dispersing hybrid CNT-TiO2, ND-Ni, and mono Ni NPs in the water (base fluid) are investigated considering various imposed velocities at the inlet. The NFs and pure fluid properties are temperature-dependent, and various performance evaluation criteria (PEC) are evaluated. Compared to available experimental data, one well-known empirical model underestimates the value of FOM and does not generate the temperature-dependent variation of FOM while the other model overpredicts it. While replacing the canonical case with the converging channel improved the average Nu number considerably, the augmentation of the pressure drop exceeds it. The diverging channel is found preferable compared to the canonical case irrespective of the kind of working fluid. The thermal efficiency of less effective NFs in separating flow is affected strongly not only by the deflection angle of the bottom wall but also by the imposed velocity. Based on PECnf, using TiO2-CNT/water NF with ϕ = 0.001, 0.002 gives the highest thermo-hydraulic performance compared to pure water, and it is effective for converging/diverging channels at various imposed velocities.
Observing formation and evolution of dislocation cells during plastic deformation
Authors: Zelenika Albert , Cretton Adam André William , Frankus Felix , Borgi Sina , Grumsen Flemming Bjerg , Yildirim Can , Detlefs Carsten , Winther Grethe , Poulsen Henning Friis
Published: November 2024

During plastic deformation of metals and alloys, dislocations self-organise in cells, which subsequently continuously decrease in size. How and when these processes take place has remained elusive, because observations of the structural dynamics in the bulk have not been feasible. We here present X-ray diffraction microscopy movies of the structural evolution during tensile deformation of a mm-sized aluminium (111) single crystal. The formation and subsequent development of 40,000 cells are visualised. The cells form in a stochastic, isotropic and uncorrelated manner already at 1% strain. We reveal that the cell size and dislocation density distributions are log-normal and bi-modal distributions, respectively, exhibiting scaling and maintaining a fixed volume ratio between cell interior and cell boundary. This insight leads to an interpretation of the formation and evolution steps in terms of universal stochastic multiplicative processes. This work will guide dislocation dynamics modelling, as it provides unique dynamic data and understanding.
Identification and Characterization of Nonfatal Injuries among Persons with Disabilities in Kentucky
Authors: Bunn Terry L. , Seals Jacqueline , Quesinberry Dana , Murphy Alaina , Costich Julia F.
Published: November 2024

Background
Vulnerable populations at risk of injury include persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), and persons who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). The increased risk of physical injury among children and older adults with IDD is well-documented, but information on the non-elderly population is lacking. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare emergency department (ED) + inpatient hospitalization (IP) injury rates among persons under age 65 with IDD or DHH by injury type and other variables with ED + IP rates among those without the same disabilities.
Methods
Injury data were extracted from Kentucky ED and IP discharge datasets from 2019 to 2023. Rates and rate ratios for injuries were calculated for those under age 65 with and without IDD and DHH, using number of persons under age 65 with and without the related disability as the denominator.
Results
The overall injury rate was lower for persons under age 65 with an IDD or DHH compared to those without those disabilities in 2023. Both disability types had lower overall ED + IP injury rate ratios compared to those without those disabilities. In contrast with the lower overall injury rate, persons under age 65 with IDD and DHH had higher ED + IP injury rate ratios for self-harm, assault, unintentional falls, and drug poisonings compared to those without those disabilities. Those with DHH had the same unintentional motor vehicle crash ED + IP rate ratio as those without the disability, whereas those with IDD had a lower unintentional motor vehicle crash ED + IP injury rate ratio. Importantly, those with IHH and DHH who were treated for injuries incurred charges that were triple the charges for patients without these conditions.
Conclusions
This study provides a better understanding of increased risk for injury intent and mechanism that highlights areas for improved injury prevention because exposure to common causes of injury varies from those of populations without these disabilities. For IDD and DHH individuals, it is important to target education and interventions to the prevention of self-harm, assaults, unintentional falls, and drug poisonings available to the individuals, their caregivers, and healthcare providers.
In Silico Approach on Structural and Functional Characterization of Heat shock protein from Sulfobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Mitra Pritish , Chatterjee Sabyasachi
Published: November 2024

The 70 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) are highly conserved and ubiquitous molecular chaperones. Hsp70 proteins are intimately involved in different biological activities including maintaining protein homeostasis and resisting environmental stress for survival. Characterizations of eukaryotic Hsp70s with diverse functions are well established but investigations needed for prokaryotes. For better understanding, the sequences of Sulfobacillus acidophilus were retrieved from UniProt. Retrieved Hsp70 proteins were renamed as SaHsp70s and performed an in-silico analysis of Hsp70 proteins to identify sequential, structural properties and functional attributes. The in-silico characterization of Hsp70 proteins revealed that they are acidic, mostly thermostable globular protein with NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-folding. Molecular mass of SaHsp70s ranged from 31.9 to 68.5 kDa and mainly localized in the cytoplasm. Phylogeny revealed the evolutionary distance and relationship among retrieved proteins. Domain analyzed only SaHsp70-1, SaHsp70-3and SaHsp70-14 have actual conserved domain for Hsp70 and share the same clade on phylogenetic tree. Major part of each protein was abundant with α-helix and random coil which make it thermally stable and suitable for interacting with other proteins. SAVES and ProSA server proves the reliability, stability and consistency tertiary structure of SaHsp70s. Functional analysis was done in terms of membrane protein topology, PPI network generation, active and proteolytic cleavage sites prediction, conserved motif and domain detection. Active site predicted Asp, Lys and Glu act as catalytic residue, are important for metal ions binding. Findings suggested that SaHsp70 proteins play central role various complex cellular functions like stress mitigation, thermal stability and related developmental processes.
Transcriptional upregulation of HERV-env genes under simulated microgravity
Authors: Jasemi Somaye , Simula Elena Rita , Pantaleo Antonella , Sechi Leonardo Antonio
Published: November 2024

Background
Human Endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) constitute about 8% of the human genome. Overexpression of HERVs has been detected in in various inflammatory disorders like neuroinflammation and cancer. Interestingly, it has been reported that stress conditions facilitate HERVs expression. Space travel will expose astronauts to microgravity environments (a stress condition), which may result in the activation of HERVs and might influence pathogenic outcomes during and after space flight. This study aimed to elucidate the transcriptional activity of three HERV families (W, K, H) and cytokines genes (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α) in different cell lines under microgravity (µg) conditions and compare them with the results obtained under normal gravity (ng; 1g).
Results
We evaluated the expression of HERVs (HERV-K env, HERV-W env, and HERV-H env) and cytokine genes expression (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α) in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), HEp-2, and Caco-2 cell lines under simulated microgravity (µg) and normal gravity (1g) conditions. In SH-SY5Y cells, the expression level of IL-1, IL-6, HERV-H env, HERV-K env, and HERV-W env genes was significantly increased when exposed to short-term µg (3 and 6 h). The expression of TNF-α remained unchanged throughout all time points. Additionally, in Caco-2 cells, the expression of HERV-K env and IL-1 genes was significantly higher after 6 hours of incubation in µg conditions compared to 1g. There was no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of HERV-W env, HERV-H env, IL6, and TNF-α genes between µg and 1g conditions. Moreover, in HEp-2 cells, the expression of IL-1, IL6, TNF-α, HERV-H env, HERV-K env, and HERV-W env genes significantly increased following short-term incubation in µg (3 h, 6 h) and, then decreased to levels comparable to those observed in the 1g condition.
Conclusions
Taken together, the dysregulation of cytokines and HERV genes expression was observed under simulated µg condition. The patterns of these dysregulations varied throughout cell lines which demands further investigation for human health protection in space.
Measurement of in-plane thermal diffusivity of thin films using laser periodic heating method with non-research-grade infrared camera and thermocouple detectors
Authors: Lv Maochao , Yang Jie , Zhang Yanhui , Wang Jianli , Zhou Yi
Published: November 2024

The laser periodic heating method is widely used to measure the thermal diffusivity of various thin films. In this technique, surface temperature responses are monitored using either an infrared (IR) camera or a thermocouple (TC) detector. When conducted under air pressure, the effect of air heat loss on these two methods warrants further examination. In this study, we measured the in-plane thermal diffusivity of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film under air pressure using both a non-research-grade IR camera and a microscale TC. Results indicate that air heat loss significantly influenced TC measurements, yielding an abnormally large thermal diffusivity. Comparatively, thermal diffusivity measured by the IR camera decreased slightly with increasing modulation frequency. For films with a dimensionless thickness greater than 0.3, values obtained with the IR camera closely matched those under vacuum condition, indicating that the non-contact IR method can effectively suppress the impact of air heat loss.
Gene-Excessive Sleepiness Interactions Suggest Treatment Targets for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Subtype
Authors: Wang Heming , Nagarajan Pavithra , Kurniansyah Nuzulul , Lee Jiwon , Gharib Sina , Xu Yushan , Zhang Yiyan , Spitzer Brian , Faquih Tariq , Zhou Hufeng , Boerwinkle Eric , Chen Han , Gottlieb Daniel , Guo Xiuqing , Heard-Costa Nancy , Hidalgo Bertha , Levy Daniel , Liu Peter , Mei Hao , Montalvan Rebecca , Mukherjee Sutapa , North Kari , O'Connor George , Palmer Lyle , Patel Sanjay , Psaty Bruce , Purcell Shaun , Raffield Laura , Rich Stephen , Rotter Jerome , Saxena Richa , Smith Albert , Stone Katie , Zhu Xiaofeng , Cade Brian , Sofer Tamar , Redline Susan
Published: November 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multifactorial sleep disorder characterized by a strong genetic basis. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a symptom that is reported by a subset of OSA patients, persisting even after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). It is recognized as a clinical subtype underlying OSA carrying alarming heightened cardiovascular risk. Thus, conceptualizing EDS as an exposure variable, we sought to investigate EDS’s influence on genetic variation linked to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), a diagnostic measure of OSA severity. This study serves as the first large-scale genome-wide gene x environment interaction analysis for AHI, investigating the interplay between its genetic markers and EDS across and within specific sex. Our work pools together whole genome sequencing data from seven cohorts, enabling a diverse dataset (four population backgrounds) of over 11,500 samples. Among the total 16 discovered genetic targets with interaction evidence with EDS, eight are previously unreported for OSA, including CCDC3, MARCHF1, and MED31 identified in all sexes; TMEM26, CPSF4L, and PI4K2B identified in males; and RAP1GAP and YY1 identified in females. We discuss connections to insulin resistance, thiamine deficiency, and resveratrol use that may be worthy of therapeutic consideration for excessively sleepy OSA patients.