bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
View of the Issue About Changes in the Age of Marries for Women in Law Number 16 of 2019
Authors: Saiful Saiful
Published: April 2021

With regard to marriage problems in Indonesia, the age limit of marriage is regulated in positive law contained in Law Number 1 of 1974 and KHI, namely Marriage is only permitted if the male has reached the age of 19 (nineteen) years and the woman has reached the age 16 (sixteen) years, which was later revised in Law Number 16 of 2019 which states that marriage is only permitted if a man and woman have reached the age of 19 (nineteen) years, then if seen from the maslahah concept this determination is at the daruriyyah level, namely maintaining the safety of the soul (hifzu al-nafs), maintaining the safety of the mind (hifzu al-'aql), and maintaining the safety of the offspring (hifzu al-nasl). The change in the minimum age of marriage that occurs in the Marriage Law Article 7 paragraph (1) No. 1 of 1974 contains more maslahah and is more in accordance with maqasid sharia. Because at the age of 19, it is hoped that the ideal marriage can be accomplished and be able to realize the goals of marriage, such as maintaining offspring, creating a sakinah mawaddah wa rahmah family, maintaining lineages, creating patterns of family relationships, maintaining diversity in the family and preparing for economic aspects.
Margaret Arnold, The Magdalene in the Reformation.
Authors: McGrow Lauren
Published: April 2021

Margaret Arnold, The Magdalene in the Reformation. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2018, pp. 312, 9 photos, ISBN: 978-0-674-97999-4 (hbk). US$29.95.
Idea niepodległości w homiliach Jana Pawła II
Authors: Nieć Mateusz
Published: April 2021

During the first three trips to Homeland John Paul II founded an idea of sovereignty nation. Each papal trips gave more civil liberty in state. This first papal trip to Poland up-lifted the nation’s spirit and led to the formation of Solidarity. Second papal trip buoyed nation in his to fight for democracy. John Paul II during third papal trip professed bank-ruptcy Polish People’s Republic and was looking for agreement with communist regime.
Human Islet Isolation Enzyme Preparation Version 1.0 v1
Authors: Lyon James , F Spigelman Aliya , E Manning Fox Jocelyn , E Macdonald Patrick
Published: April 2021

This protocol describes the preparation of enzymes used in the isolation of human research islets by the Alberta Diabetes Institute IsletCore (www.bcell.org/adi-isletcore). It is to be used in concert with the other islet isolation protocols published by IsletCore. The ADI IsletCore program is described in full here: Lyon J, Manning Fox JE, Spigelman AF, Kim R, Smith N, O'Gorman D, Kin T, Shapiro AMJ, Rajotte RV, MacDonald PE (2016) Research-focused isolation of human islets from donors with and without diabetes at the Alberta Diabetes Institute IsletCore. Endocrinology, 157(2): 560-569.
Assessment of nutritional status of adolescent girls from 15-18 years in private high schools in Raipur, Chhattisgarh
Authors:   Professor and HOD, Department of Paediatrics, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, Phuljhele Dr. Sharja , Pandey Dr. Prankur ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, Singh Dr. Prerana ,   Postgraduate student, Department of Paediatrics, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
Published: April 2021

Background: Adolescent period is a phase of human development comprising the change fromchildhood to adulthood. Nutritional requirements increase to a great extent during this period ascompared to the previous years of growth. Adolescence may represent a window of opportunity toprepare nutritionally for healthy adult life. The present study was intended to assess the nutritionalstatus of school-going adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: This one-year community-based,cross-sectional study was conducted in private high schools in an urban area of Raipur, Chhattisgarhamong 480 adolescent girls of 15-18 years. All the selected adolescent girls were personallyinterviewed with the help of a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire regarding age, type offamily, dietary habits and socioeconomic status. A three-day recall method was used to assessnutrient intake. The nutrient intake was calculated using tables of nutritive value of Indian foods.Results: As per WHO nutritional measurement criteria, children were classified as per theiranthropometric criteria as, 31.46% had moderate stunting and 4.38% were severely stunted. 2.71%had severe thinness, 27.92% were thin and 7.71% were overweight. The major morbidity amongstudy subjects was, 19.6% had conjunctival pallor(anaemia), 8.75% had dental caries, 6.46% hadVitamin B complex deficiency, 4.8% had angular stomatitis and 0.84% had Vitamin A deficiency.Conclusion: The present study recommends that efforts should be made to reduce the prevalenceof malnutrition among adolescent girls. For this regular health check-ups should be done at schoolswith the help of school authorities and hospitals.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Tür Çeşitliliği ve Tür Zenginliği Kavramlarına Yönelik Kavram Karmaşalarının İncelenmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Mehmet , KARAKAYA Ferhat , ÇİMEN Osman , ADIGÜZEL Merve
Published: April 2021

Türkiye, barındırdığı biyolojik çeşitlilik açısından bir kıtanın karakterini göstermektedir. Türkiye, sahip olduğu doğal yaşam alanlarının ve biyolojik çeşitliliğinin çoğunu koruyan az sayıdaki ülkeden biridir. Bu araştırmada, öğretmen adaylarının tür çeşitliliği ve tür zenginliği yönelik sahip oldukları kavram karmaşalarının tespit edilmesi ve çözümlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim döneminde bir devlet üniversitesinin biyoloji eğitimi anabilim dalı, fen bilgisi eğitimi anabilim dalı ve biyoloji öğretmenliği için pedagojik formasyon öğrenimi gören 165 öğretmen adaylarından oluşmaktadır. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde doğru cevaplar 1 (bir), yanlış cevaplar 0 (sıfır) olarak kodlanmış ve yüzde-frekans olarak sunulmuştur. Araştırmada, öğretmen adaylarının tür zenginliği ve tür çeşitliliği kavramlarına yönelik kavram karmaşası yaşadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma sonucunda, uygulanan yöntemin öğretmen adaylarının tür çeşitliliği ve tür zenginliğine yönelik kavram karmaşasının giderilmesinde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.
SETTLEMENT UPRAVLENCHESKY: HISTORY AND RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL
Authors: Filanova Tatiana Vyacheslavovna , Filippov Vasily Dmitrievich , Ekaterinskaya Anna
Published: April 2021

The potential of the territories of the northern settlements of the city of Samara, located along the Volga River in the Krasnoglinsky district, is analyzed from the standpoint of the development of public and recreational spaces in this part of the city. Specifically, the territory of the Upravlenchesky settlement is examined, their role in the system of public recreational spaces (PIU) of the city is revealed, and their functioning at the city level is studied. The analysis of the value of these territories not only for local residents, but also for the city as a whole is carried out, the nature and specificity of their use by the townspeople historically and at the present time is studied. The factors that hinder the harmonious development of recreational spaces in the region of the northern remote periphery of Samara are revealed. On the basis of the data of the conducted research, recommendations are given for the further development of recreational spaces in order to increase the demand for territories by citizens and enhance their tourist attractiveness.
Comparison of T-Type Converter and NPC for the Wind Turbine Based on Doubly-Fed Induction Generator
Authors: GENCER Altan
Published: April 2021

A three-phase T-type converter topology proposes for wind turbine based on doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The proposed converter consists of only twelve power switches without flying capacitors or any clamping diodes. The proposed system is implemented to grid side converter of wind turbine. Fuzzy logic controllers are more widely used in wind turbines compared to traditional control systems. Fuzzy logic PI controller has been applied to T-type and the conventional neutral-point clamped (NPC) converters control circuits. Total harmonic distortion (THD) value of current of presented system is measured as 1.76%. Also, DC-link voltage utilization can be maintained. Comparisons are conducted with T- type converter and a 3L-NPC) method under same operation conditions. The proposed scheme has been carried out to verify in simulation results.
Desenvolvimento de grupo educativo de nutrição para mulheres na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Dias Marina de Paula Mendonça , Botêlho Andressa Alencar Colares , França Anna Karolyne Pontes , Azevedo Daniela Vasconcelos de
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver grupo educativo de nutrição com mulheres na atenção primária à saúde. O método utilizado foi a intervenção comunitária realizada em Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde (UAPS) em Fortaleza (CE), em que buscou-se auxiliar as participantes para escolhas alimentares e estilos de vida saudáveis. Doze atividades com temas propostos pelo grupo foram trabalhados de maneira participativa. Para avaliação da experiência, houve análise das falas gravadas e do conteúdo do diário de campo. Quinze mulheres tomaram parte da experiência cujo resultado mostrou que elas se envolveram intensamente nas atividades e avaliaram a iniciativa de maneira positiva. A baixa adesão foi o principal desafio. Concluiu-se que o desenvolvimento do grupo educativo de nutrição aponta ser uma experiência viável desde que pensada e desenvolvida coletivamente e envolva a equipe de execução, profissionais da unidade de saúde e os participantes.
Core decompression of the femoral head. Literature review
Authors: Panin Mikhail A. , Zagorodniy Nikolay V. , Abakirov Medetbek D. , Boyko Andrey V. , Ananyin Danila A.
Published: April 2021

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a disease, characterized by the death of osteocytes and bone marrow, leading to collapse of the femoral head and dysfunction of the hip joint. There are many known risk factors for the development of this disease including trauma of the hip joint, hemoglobinopathy, alcoholism, taking corticosteroids, collagenosis, etc. Conservative treatment (drug therapy using vascular drugs, bisphosphonates, chondroprotectors, NSAIDs, physiotherapy, exercise therapy) is shown for any stage of the hip AVN, however, surgical treatment has a higher potential. The key to successful treatment is the detection of AVN at an early (pre-collapse) stage to prevent subsequent collapse by performing organ-sparing surgical interventions that reduce the rate of disease progression and allow delaying of the hip replacement. The literature describes a number of organ-preserving operations performed at an early stage of AVN. Currently, there are three main areas of surgical treatment of this disease: classical decompression of the femoral head, decompression using various types of grafts and combined treatment using various cellular technologies. This literature review is devoted to the consideration of the indications for implementation, as well as the results of treatment of patients using the above techniques.
Impacto de una red social de dependencias gubernamentales en la difusión de acciones motrices durante el confinamiento
Authors: Rodríguez Cervantes Víctor Osiris , Gómez Figueroa Julio , Quintana Rivera Luis , Castineyra Mendoza Santiago , Molina Arriola José , Lozano Flores Julio , Rivera Girón Ángel
Published: April 2021

La nueva realidad en el mundo, causada por la pandemia del COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), ha llevado a que las actividades cotidianas que conocíamos se tengan que adaptar a una modalidad virtual, la actividad y el ejercicio físico han sido principalmente una de ellas, siendo a nivel mundial. El presente estudio lleva por objetivo, realizar un análisis de las estrategias virtuales que se llevaron a cabo para realizar ejercicio, deportes, acciones de actividad y educación física en casa, emprendidas en algunos municipios del estado de Veracruz, así como de los institutos del deporte del Estado de Colima y Nuevo León. Los datos recabados se hicieron a través de la red social de Facebook®, contabilizando el número de acciones o estrategias emprendidas, expresiones, compartidas y reproducciones en caso de ser material videográfico. Dentro de los resultados encontrados se tiene que las principales acciones se encuentran la de realizar ejercicio físico con música, así como orientaciones sobre ejercicio físico con materiales y objetos de su hogar. Una de las conclusiones es que se identifica el esfuerzo de las autoridades municipales y estatales de México por mantener a la sociedad físicamente activa e impactar con el beneficio del ejercicio físico y el deporte en la salud del organismo.
Analysis of workforce requirements based on WISN in radiology installation of RSU X
Authors: Farrasizdihar Diaz , Girsang Ermi , Ramadhani Nasution Sri Lestari
Published: April 2021

The beginning of 2020 was shocked by the WHO's statement which mentioned Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. As many as 37420 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia until June 2020 and are growing every day. One of the supporting examinations to establish a diagnosis of COVID-19 is a radiological examination. It is undeniable that the increasing incidence of COVID-19 has caused the workload of health workers in hospitals is increase, including in radiology installations in hospital. The purpose of this study was to analyze the need of workforce according to the workload using the Workload indicators of staffing need (WISN) method in the radiology installation of the RSU X. This research uses quantitative and qualitative methods. The results showed that the workload of the workforce in the radiology installation at RSU X was in the optimum category. Based on calculations using the WISN method, it was found that the total number of workers needed at the radiology installation at the RSU X was 15 people and the workforce gap ratio was 1.00.
Deaf People and Access to the Superior Technology Course in Tourism Management, Goiás State University, Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Cora Coralina, Goiás, Brasil, Silva Fernanda Ferreira Rodrigues da , Silva Geórgia Clarice da ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás e da Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Goiás, Brasil
Published: April 2021

This article aims at discussing the access of deaf individuals to higher education, specifically to the Technology and Tourism Management Course at the Goiás State University, Cora Coralina Campus., based on Law 10,436/02 which guarantees Libras is used as the deaf community official language and the Decree 5,626/05 which regulates the implementation of Libras as a discipline in higher education and as a compulsory instruction language in teaching contexts. Thus, our proposal seeks to demonstrate socialization and acceptance regarding deaf students, assessing how they feel, and their expectations throughout the inclusion process. We carry out this analysis resorting to reflections such as Santos (2016), Costa (2014) and Bisol, Valentini, Simioni e Zanchin (2010). By taking into account such a theoretical survey, we will discuss how deaf individuals are being integrated in higher education.
Evolución paleoambiental de la diatomita de Agostitlán, Michoacán, durante la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno
Authors: Sánchez-González María de Jesús , Israde Alcántara Isabel , Morales Juan Julio , Goguitchaichvili Avto
Published: April 2021

El graben de Chapala-Acambay se caracteriza por el registro de yacimientos de diatomitas del Cuaternario con espesores variables, donde domina flora indicativa de lagos profundos. El depósito de diatomita de 6.70 m de espesor de la cuenca de represamiento de Agostitlán contiene un registro paleoambiental que marca la transición de condiciones menos frías de hace ca. 37,000 años cal aP hasta el inicio del Glacial tardío ca. 25,000 años cal aP. En el inicio de la formación del represamiento se desarrolló un cuerpo de agua profundo con dominio de Stephanodiscus niagarae, con escaso aporte de material detrítico dominando las facies arcillosas. Los valores de susceptibilidad magnética en este primer episodio del lago son bajos, con un par de notorios incrementos en la susceptibilidad magnética y asociados a periodos de erosión de las sierras altas que limitan la cuenca. Sucesivamente, hacia las condiciones del lago se vuelven fluctuantes; las facies sedimentarias son más detríticas, alternando con episodios de sedimentación fina, disminuyen las agrupaciones de Stephanodiscus spp y aumentan los porcentajes de Aulacoseira ambigua y Fragilaria spp, lo que sugiere condiciones más frías y alcalinas. La cima de la sucesión se caracteriza por un aumento en la concentración de los minerales magnéticos, así como por un descenso significativo de las especies planctónicas y ticoplanctónicas que vienen sustituidas por formas bentónicas y perifíticas, lo cual se interpreta como una respuesta al incremento de la aridez en esta zona, previo al inicio del Último Máximo Glacial.
Numerical Study of Natural Convection for Generalized Second-Grade Fluids Confined in a Square Cavity Subjected to Horizontal Heat Flux
Authors: Daghab Hamza , Kaddiri Mourad , Raghay Said , Lamsaadi Mohamed , El Harfi Hassan
Published: April 2021

Two-dimensional steady laminar natural convection of a viscoelastic fluid represented by generalized second-grade fluid model in a square enclosure is studied. The cavity is submitted at its vertical sides to a uniform density of heat flux while the horizontal walls are insulated, without slipping conditions at all the solid boundaries. The governing conservation and constitutive equations with the corresponding boundary conditions are solved by finite volume method in a collocated grid system. The contributions of shear rate dependent and elastic characteristics of the viscoelastic fluid are investigated on momentum and heat transport. The effects of elastic number (E) in the range 0 - 1 on heat transfer and fluid motion are interpreted for a power-law index (n) in the range 1.4 - 0.6 and nominal values of Rayleigh number (Ra) range of 103 to 105.
New Perspective for Heat Transfer Evaluation During Film Condensation Inside Tubes
Authors: Camaraza-Medina Yanán
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the main results of the research developed by the author in his postdoctoral investigations on heat transfer calculations during film condensation inside tubes. The elements studied are combined in an analysis expression that provides a reasonable fit with the available experimental data, which includes a total of 22 fluids, including water, refrigerants and a wide range of organic substances, which condense inside horizontal, inclined and vertical tubes. These experimental data were obtained from the reports of 33 sources. Available data covers tube diameters from 2 to 50 mm, mass flow rates from 3 to 850 kg/(m2s), reduced pressures ranging from 0.0008 to 0.91, values for single-phase from 1 to , Reynolds number for two-phase from 900 to 594390, Reynolds number for single-phase from 65 to 84950 and vapor quality from 0.01 to 0.99. The mean deviation found for the analyzed data for horizontal tubes was 13.4%, while for the inclined and vertical tubes data the mean deviation was 14.9%. In all cases, the agreement of the proposed model is good enough to be considered satisfactory for practical design.
Comprehensive Review on Leading Edge Turbine Blade Cooling Technologies
Authors: Sharma Chirag , Kumar Siddhant , Singh Aanya , Hire Kartik R. Bhat , Karnatak Vedant , Pandey Varun , Gupta Jeet , Shrimali Rishabh , Singh Sanjay , Noorsha Shoaib Sultan , Gundabattini Edison
Published: April 2021

Developments in the gas turbine technology have caused widespread usage of the Turbomachines for power generation. With increase in the power demand and a drop in the availability of fuel, usage of turbines with higher efficiencies has become imperative. This is only possible with an increase in the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of the gas. However, the higher limit of TIT is governed by the metallurgical boundary conditions set by the material used to manufacture the turbine blades. Hence, turbine blade cooling helps in drastically controlling the blade temperature of the turbine and allows a higher turbine inlet temperature. The blade could be cooled from the leading edge, from the entire surface of the blade or from the trailing edge. The various methods of blade cooling from leading edge and its comparative study were reviewed and summarized along with their advantages and disadvantages.
Two-Dimensional Numerical Study of the Microclimate Generated in Three Screenhouses for the Climatic Conditions of the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Villagran Edwin
Published: April 2021

Insect proof screenhouse is increasingly used in tropical countries with a warm climate, as this type of structure is more economical than greenhouses and gives farmers the opportunity to optimize their production systems. In this work we used an experimentally validated two-dimensional numerical model, the objective was to study the air flow patterns and the thermal and hygrometric behavior of three screenhouses differentiated in their geometric configuration of the roof area and under four (4) outside wind speeds. The results obtained allowed us to find that the airflow speed inside the screenhouse can be maximized with respect to the most critical scenario by 29% for a wind speed of 0.5 ms-1 and up to 292% for a wind speed of 3.0 ms-1, which generates reductions in the average temperature inside the structure of -0.2℃ (0.5 ms-1) and up to -2.2℃ (3 ms-1). While the relative humidity presented values of 1.6% and 6.3% higher for these same speeds.
Development of a Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Material-Based Refrigeration System
Authors: Oni Taiwo O. , Awopetu Jacob B. , Adeleye Samson A. , Uguru-Okorie Daniel C. , Adeyanju Anthony A. , Olukayode Niyi E.
Published: April 2021

The present research focuses on application of thermal energy storage on a convectional refrigerator to enhance its performance. Salt hydrate was used as latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) material to convert the convectional refrigerator to a LHTES material-based refrigerator. The cabinet of the convectional refrigerator was loaded with 10 kg of water at a temperature of 28℃ and experiments were conducted on it to know the time taken for the evaporator temperature (TE) to reach -5℃, and determine the performance characteristics of the convectional refrigerator. The experiments were repeated on the LHTES material-based refrigerator to compare its performance characteristics with those of the convectional refrigerator. The results reveal that the evaporator of the LHTES material-based refrigerator attains the temperature of -5℃ forty minutes before the same temperature (-5℃) was attained in the evaporator of the convectional refrigerator. For the interval of evaporator temperature (−5∘C≤TE≤−1∘C) considered for evaluation of the performance characteristics of the refrigerators in this work, when TE drops from 1℃ to -5℃, the coefficient of performance (COP) for the LHTES material-based refrigerator and convectional refrigerator decreases from 7.36 to 4.62 and 6.44 to 4.15, respectively; the refrigerating effect decreases from 118.41 kJ/kg to 111.80 kJ/kg and 113.37 kJ/kg to 106.69 kJ/kg, respectively; the compressor work increases from 15.10 kJ/kg to 23.18 kJ/kg and 17.60 kJ/kg to 25.68 kJ/kg, respectively. The higher value of the COP and refrigerating effect, and the lower value of the compressor work of the LHTES material-based refrigerator compared with those of the convectional refrigerator imply that there is an improvement in the performance of the refrigerator with the LHTES material. The current work broadens research on the use of a LHTES materials to enhance the performance of a refrigerator.
Design and Analysis of Thermal Management System of Power Matching Transmission in Energy Machinery
Authors: Zhong Youkun
Published: April 2021

With the technical development of energy conservation and emission reduction technology, the internal structure of engineering machinery has become denser. The rising full-machine heat load that ensues challenges the effect of the cooling system. In the traditional thermal management system for the transmission in energy machinery, the cooling capacity does not fully match the load of each subsystem, and the thermal management components cannot adapt to the dynamic cooling demand of engineering machinery. To solve these problems, this paper designs and analyzes the thermal management system of power matching transmission in energy machinery. Firstly, the energy distribution among different components of engineering machinery, including, hydraulic system, transmission system, and cooling system, was described in each work section, and the dynamic matching method was detailed for hydraulic torque converter. Then, heat source engine, hydraulic torque converter, and hydraulic retarder were selected as the targets of thermal management for the power transmission system of loader. Next, the thermal management cycle was framed as a scheme in which the engine transmission system is independent with the cooling circulation system, and a heat transfer calculation model was constructed for loader transmission system. The proposed model was proved effective through experiments. The research results provide a reference for the thermal management of other subsystems of engineering machinery.
Image Denoising Based on Improved Hybrid Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Alaoui Nail , Adamou-Mitiche Amel Baha Houda , Mitiche Lahcène , Bouhamla Lakhdar
Published: April 2021

Digital images can be degraded through noise during the transmission and process of acquisition, it is still a fundamental challenge is to eliminate as much noise as possible while preserving the main features of the image, for instance, edges, texture, and corners. This paper proposes for image denoising a new Improved Hybrid Genetic Algorithm (IHGA), whose combined a Genetic Algorithm (GA), with some image denoising methods. Wherein this approach uses mutation operators, crossover, and population reinitialization as default operators available in evolutionary methods with applied some state-of-the-art image denoising methods, such as local search. Tests are conducted on some digital images, commonly used as a benchmark by the scientific community, where different standard deviations are used for digital images. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is very effective and competitive in comparison with previously published works.
Sterilisasi Komersial Cassava Chunk pada Kemasan Hermetis Standing Pouch dan Perubahan Sifat Fisikokimianya
Authors: Saragih Dewi Sartika , Adawiyah Dede Robiatul , Rungkat Fransisca Zakaria
Published: April 2021

People’s lifestyles nowdays tend to want healthy-practical food that is strongly supported by a healthy diet. Cassava as whole food is considered as a healthy food and has the potential to become rice substitute but needs an appropriate technology to facilitate food serving. In this research, ready-to-eat cassava products then called "cassava chunk" were made by applying canning technology using retort pouch packaging. The achieved value of the heat adequacy (F0) is very important in the canning process to ensure food safety. Therefore, this study aimed to produce cassava chunk product as a whole food, optimize the size and amount of brine in the sterilization process, determine the F0 value after blanching and non-blanching treatments, as well as to analyze the chemical characteristics of fresh cassava and cassava chunk. The sterilization was done by using a pressure cooker with a specially designed basket using hermetic retort pouch packaging. The initial characterizations showed that fresh cassava had a pH of 6.70 and 0.9 aw at 24.6°C. The addition of 20% (b/v) 1% brine solution in the sterilization process with 3 x 2.5 cm cassava chunk was the most preferred by the panelists. The sterilization process with blanching treatment before being packaged reached an F0 of 3.43 minutes, which was safe to consume, and with non-blanching treatment before being packaged reached an F0 of 2.73 minutes. The proximate analysis of cassava chunk showed an increase in the water content from 60.89% to 68.44%, the starch content increased from 74.43% to 80.41%, the soluble dietary fiber decreased from 6.78% to 3.34%, but the fat content decreased from 1.54% to 0.65%. Meanwhile, ash, protein, and insoluble dietary fiber did not show any significant differences after the sterilization. Sterilization technology could produce ready-to-eat cassava chunk as a whole food and was acceptable by 45 organoleptic panelists.

Keywords: cassava chunk, whole food, proximate analysis, F0
Daya Tarik Keanekaragaman Burung di Jalur Hijau Jalan Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Utami Retno Nur , Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan  , Ahmad Sawardi  , Alia Bihrajihant Raya
Published: April 2021

Urban greenery plays an important role in providing a biodiversity habitat of vegetation and birds as biotics in the urban ecosystem.  The biodiversity can show attractions in Yogyakarta city as a tourism destination in Indonesia. This research was conducted on three types of roads of the secondary artery (SA), secondary collector (SC), and local (L). The bird diversity depended on tree greenery as its habitat and food source. This research aimed (1) to analyze bird diversity on the roadside greenery in Yogyakarta City, and (1) to reveal the attraction of birds on the urban greenery as a tourism attraction. The sample units were selected by the method of stratified random sampling. The bird observation was used by the method of transect line conducted on the three categories of roads in Yogyakarta City. The bird diversity was analyzed by Shannon-Wiener's (H') index diversity, and bird activity was descriptively analyzed. The number of birds found in the greenery was 685 belong to 12 species. The diversity indexes (H') of the birds on the roads of the secondary artery (SA), secondary collector (SC), and local (L) categories were 0.697 (low), 1.001 (medium), and 1.246 (medium). The index shows the equal quality of the bird attractions in the city. The low-medium of index value should be improved to reach a high H'. The improvement should be carried out by landscape planning for urban tourism through planting food source trees or habitat trees for birds on the urban greenery of Yogyakarta. The strength of the urban attraction of birds was also supported by species diversity, conservation status, bird activity, habitat trees, and the ecological function of urban trees on the roadside greenery of Yogyakarta city.

Keywords: bird diversity, roadside greenery, urban attraction, urban greenery, Yogyakarta
Struggling Over Healthy Lifestyles
Authors: Verriet Jon
Published: April 2021

In the second half of the twentieth century, advice on healthy living became pervasive in Western societies. While scholars have shown how the output of health educators echoed scientific consensus and ideas about ‘good citizenship’, the impact of their interactions with government and food industry representatives, and especially their complicated relationship with audiences, remains underexplored. This article centres the experiences of the staff of the Dutch Nutrition Education Bureau – now known as the Centre for Nutrition (Voedingscentrum) – by examining health educators’ own observations about the efficacy of their work. Using sources such as internal guidelines, surveys, minutes of meetings, and annual reports, it demonstrates how the bureau struggled to position itself towards government ministries and commercial parties. Furthermore, it shows how unsuccessful attempts to reach the general population frustrated educators, and proposes that these struggles partially explain the transformation of the bureau’s lifestyle advice in the 1970s into a ‘healthist’ narrative about the responsibility of individuals. Hence, by analysing the complex interactions between health educators and other actors – in particular their audience – this article sheds light on the historical development of the genre of lifestyle advice.Actualiteitsparagraaf
‘Je moet het zelf maar (w)eten’? Hoe het Nederlandse Voorlichtingsbureau voor de Voeding de strijd tegen ‘overgewicht’ verloorNet als in 2017 zal het toekomstige nieuwe regeerakkoord ongetwijfeld een passage over ‘overgewicht’ bevatten. Zeventig jaar geleden zag het Voorlichtingsbureau voor de Voeding, de voorloper van het huidige Voedingscentrum, de bui al hangen. De steeds dikker wordende Nederlander, zo waarschuwde dit Bureau al in de jaren vijftig, bracht de volksgezondheid in gevaar. In een artikel in BMGN – Low Countries Historical Review 136 (1) laat Jon Verriet zien hoe het Voorlichtingsbureau voor de Voeding met miljoenen folders en gelikte filmpjes het tij in dit vroege stadium probeerde te keren. Uit archiefstukken blijkt echter hoe de voorlichters van dit Bureau, zelfs met hun alom bekende Schijf van Vijf, de Nederlandse burger maar moeizaam wisten te bereiken, mede door het gebrek aan steun vanuit het kabinet en de tegenwerking van de oppermachtige voedselindustrie. Het artikel volgt de groeiende frustratie van het enigszins hautaine Bureau (‘Waarom doet men niet zoals men wordt voorgelicht?’), en laat zien hoe de voorlichters in de jaren zeventig de strijd in zekere mate opgaven. Vanaf dat moment werd een gezonde levensstijl steeds vaker gepresenteerd als de verantwoordelijkheid van de burger zelf – een visie op gezondheid en ‘overgewicht’ waarmee we ook anno 2021 maar al te zeer bekend zijn.
Snak, Claas and Bastiaan’s Struggle for Freedom
Authors: Polanen Tim van
Published: April 2021

In the Dutch Republic slavery was not permitted on its soil in Western Europe. Enslaved people obtained their freedom by setting foot on Dutch soil. In 1776, the scope of this free soil principle was limited by a statute of the States General. From this moment onwards only slaves who remained in the Republic for longer than six months would automatically become free. In the literature, it was hitherto assumed that with the establishment of this statute the first debates about the scope of the free soil principle were initiated. This article demonstrates that this assumption is false. Previously, two court cases from 1735 and 1736, between two enslaved men from Curaçao and their masters, had already given rise to discussion. During these court cases, lawyers and judges elaborately debated the boundaries of the free soil principle. Did every enslaved person automatically obtain their freedom, or was, for instance, the permission of the master required to travel to the Dutch Republic? The two court cases give insight into what contemporaries thought about the free soil principle, thus shedding new light on the States General’s statute of 1776.
The Evolution of Mind and Reflexive Thinking Starting from the Ancient Greeks to Stoic Philosophers
Authors: Ciubotaru Diana Laura
Published: April 2021

The aim of this article is to investigate the vision of self-knowledge and the human ability to know oneself and also in relation to the source, starting from the ancient Greeks and exploring their sources of inspiration. Everything is pursued in relation to the affirmation: Man's self-consciousness is a mirror of the source Consciousness, which knows itself through people. There are a few arguments in relation to this: Self-awareness as a self-concern reflected in the universe, appears in pre-Socratic thinkers and outlined in Plato in the triadic vision, and much later is the subject of well-defined study in psychology. Therefore, a good knowledge of the subject starts from the first mentions. The perspective of Stoic philosophers in which self-concern is organized in the form of a set of clearly defined rules, well-defined procedures, a true process of transformation that is completed with the creation of an attitude of alignment Man-Universe / Universal Nature. It is the best represented system of self-conscious work of all the schools of philosophy up to that time.
Quantitative Research on the Influencing Factors of Green Building Development
Authors: Zhao Weize , Liu Yang , Niu Lu
Published: April 2021

The rapid development of national economy is closely related to the environmental protection and the rapid development of green buildings. The development of green building has always been the focus of national development research. It is undeniable that it has a crucial impact on the exploration of the factors affecting the development of green building. Undoubtedly, the research on the factors affecting the development of green building plays a vital role in the progress of the national construction industry and the vigorous development of the government’s green environmental protection. This paper first determines the green real estate index as an indicator of the impact of green building, and then on this basis, studies the main factors affecting the growth of green building area and the degree of impact by using the method of quantitative analysis of data. Finally, based on the results of the analysis, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.
Mutations in the A34R gene increase the immunogenicity of vaccinia virus
Authors: Shchelkunov S. N. , Bauer T. V. , Yakubitskiy S. N. , Sergeev A. A. , Kabanov A. S. , Pyankov S. A.
Published: April 2021

Vaccination is the most simple and reliable approach of protection to virus infections. The most effective agents are live vaccines, usually low-virulence organisms for humans and closely related to pathogenic viruses or attenuated as a result of mutations/deletions in the genome of pathogenic virus. Smallpox vaccination with live vaccinia virus (VACV) closely related to smallpox virus played a key role in the success of the global smallpox eradication program carried out under the World Health Organization auspices. As a result of the WHO decision as of 1980 to stop smallpox vaccination, humankind has lost immunity not only to smallpox, but also to other zoonotic, orthopoxviruscaused human infections. This new situation allows orthopoxviruses to circulate in the human population and, as a consequence, to alter several established concepts of the ecology and range of sensitive hosts for various orthopoxvirus species. Classic VACV-based live vaccine for vaccination against orthopoxvirus infections is out of the question, because it can cause severe side effects. Therefore, the development of new safe vaccines against orthopoxviral infections of humans and animals is an important problem. VACV attenuation by modern approaches carried out by targeted inactivation of certain virus genes and usually leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of VACV in vivo propagation. As a result, it can cause a diminishing of the immune response after administration of attenuated virus to patients at standard doses. The gene for thymidine kinase is frequently used for insertion/inactivation of foreign genes and it causes virus attenuation. In this research, the effect of the introduction of two point mutations into the A34R gene of attenuated strain LIVP-GFP (ТК–), which increase the yield of extracellular enveloped virions (EEV), on the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of VACV LIVP-GFP-A34R administered intranasally to laboratory mice were studied. It was shown that increase in EEV production by recombinant strain VACV LIVP-GFP-A34R does not change the attenuated phenotype characteristic of the parental strain LIVP-GFP, but causes a significantly larger production of VACV-specific antibodies.
Monitoring for the genetic structure of Mezen breed of horses in terms of DNA microsatellites
Authors: Vdovina N. V. , Yuryeva I. B.
Published: April 2021

Mezenskaya horse (Mezenka) is Russia’s aboriginal breed. It is a domestic selection in the northern territories of Arkhangelsk region. The breed is perfectly adapted to the conditions of the Far North, and has a number of valuable economic and biological qualities. At present, it has a limited gene pool and is bred only in the Mezensky district, where one gene pool-breeding farm is operating and so is a number of basic farms, where selection and breeding activities take place with the breed. Due to a small population of Mezen horses, the challenge of preserving its intra-breed diversity is very urgent. To determine the degree of genetic variability in the Mezen population, the alleles-fond was monitored. A comparative analysis of the genetic structure of the breed was done on DNA microsatellites at time-intervals of 10 years (2000, 2010 and 2020). Crista samples of 198 horses were studied in specialized laboratories. It was established that the breed has wide genetic diversity in 17 loci of nuclear DNA. The population’s alleles-fond includes from 128, 139, and 133 alleles respectively (with an average value of 7.53, 8.18, and 7.82 alleles per locus). The most common alleles are AHT4O, AHT5N, ASB2K, ASB23S, CA425N, HMS1J, HMS1M, HMS2H, HMS3M, HMS7L, HTG4M, HTG6O, HTG7K, HTG7O and LEX3M. Mezen horses revealed 6 rare, lowfrequency (0.004–0.056) alleles not found in the horse populations of domestic selection. The average value of the polymorphic level (Ae) in the breed over the years is 4.16, 4.21 and 4.06, respectively. The highest polymorphism is found in locus ASB17 (6.49–6.90–6.76); the lowest, in locus HTG6 (1.71–1.66–1.67) and HMS7 (1.77–1.95–1.77). A slight deficit of heterozygous genotypes (Fis = 0.003) was observed in Mezen horses in 2010. In 2000 and 2020, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) exceeds the expected value (He), which indicates the absence of intra-population inbreeding (Fis = –0.014 and –0.011, respectively). The results obtained testify to the effectiveness of breeding activities carried out to preserve, improve and maintain genetic diversity in the population.
AS VOLTAS QUE O MUNDO DÁ: Brasil, Estados Unidos, Turquia, França, Alemanha... nas primeiras décadas do século XX
Authors: Warde Mirian Jorge
Published: April 2021

Este artigo aborda redes intelectuais e políticas de relações efetivas e simbólicas que cruzaram em muitas direções e diferentes espaços e tempos. O alvo principal é a crítica a conceitos tais como o de “influência” que remetem a categorias tais como “modelo e cópias” e as relações “do centro com as periferias”. Países são visitados – Brasil, Estados Unidos, França, Alemanha e Turquia – em busca de nexos e entrecruzamentos de pessoas, obras e projetos educacionais. Nesse trajeto, emergem nomes como os de Anísio Teixeira, John Dewey, Omer Buyse, Gustave Le Bon, só para citar alguns que ganham certa proeminência, na narrativa, como se fossem os entroncamentos das redes aqui focalizadas.Palavras-chave: Anísio Teixeira. Gustave Le Bon. Omer Buyse; John Dewey; Jovens turcos. THE LAPS THE WORLD TAKES: Brazil, United States, Turkey, France, Germany ... in the first decades of the 20th centuryAbstractThis article addresses intellectual and political networks of effective and symbolic relationships that have crossed different spaces and times in various directions. The main target is criticism of concepts such as "influence" that refer to categories such as "model and copies" and "relations between the center and the peripheries". Countries are visited - Brazil, United States, France, Germany and Turkey - in search of connections and intersections of people, works and educational projects. Along this path, names such as Anísio Teixeira, John Dewey, Omer Buyse, Gustave Le Bon emerge, just to name a few who gain a certain prominence in the narrative, as if they were the junctions of the networks focused on here.Key words: Anísio Teixeira. Gustave Le Bon. Omer Buyse; John Dewey; Young Turks. LAS VUELTAS QUE EL MUNDO DÁ: Brasil, Estados Unidos, Turquía, Francia, Alemania... en las primeras décadas del siglo XXResumenEste artículo aborda redes intelectuales y políticas de relaciones efectivas y simbólicas que cruzaron en muchas direcciones y diferentes espacios y tiempos. El alvo principal es la crítica a conceptos tales como el de “influencia” que remiten a categorias tales como “modelo y cópias” y las relaciones “del centro con las periferías”. Países son visitados – Brasil, Estados Unidos, Francia, Alemania y Turquía – en busca de nexos y entrecruzamientos de personas, obras y proyectos educacionales. En ese trayecto, emerjen nombres como los de Anísio Teixeira, John Dewey, Omer Buyse, Gustave Le Bon, solo para citar algunos que ganan cierta proeminencia, en la narrativa, como se fuesen los entroncamientos de las redes aqui focalizadas.Palabras-clave: Anísio Teixeira. Gustave Le Bon. Omer Buyse; John Dewey; Jovens turcos.
OBJETOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO E ESCOLARES NO SISTEMA EDUCATIVO RADIOFÔNICO DE BRAGANÇA - PARÁ (1957-1977)
Authors: Maciel Rogerio Andrade , Castro Cesar Augusto
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os objetos de comunicação e escolares no Sistema Educativo Radiofônico de Bragança, Estado do Pará, (1957-1977). A tessitura metodológica é constituída pela abordagem da Nova História Cultural que se estabelece enquanto campo teórico e metodológico das representações. Diante disso, constatou-se que os objetos de comunicação e escolares localizavam-se em diferentes instituições: o microfone foi identificado na Rádio Educadora; o gravador foi encontrado no Escritório Central do SERB; as antenas e os transmissores foram identificados nas casas dos transmissores. Conclui-se que esses objetos são constituidores dos sentidos da educomunicação no cerne desta instituição educativa.Palavras-chave: Objetos de comunicação e escolares; Sistema Educativo Radiofônico de Bragança – PA; Sentidos da Educomunicação.COMMUNICATION AND SCHOOL OBJECTS IN THE RADIOPHONIC EDUCATION SYSTEM IN BRAGANÇA - PARÁ (1957-1977)AbstractThe present study aims to analyze the communication and school objects in the Bragança Radiophonic Educational System, State of Pará, (1957-1977). The methodological composition is constituted by the Cultural History New approach that is established as a theoretical and methodological field of the representations. Therefore, the present study was found that communication and school objects were located in different institutions: the microphone was on the Educator Radio; the recorder was in the main office of the SERB, the antennas, and transmitters were in the homes of the transmitters. It is concluded that these objects are established by the edu-communication way based on this educational institution.Keywords: Communication and school objects; Radiophonic education system in Bragança – PA; Educommunication ways.COMUNICACIÓN Y OBJETOS ESCOLARES EN EL SISTEMA EDUCATIVO DE RADIO BRAGANÇA - PARÁ (1957-1977)ResumenEste artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la comunicación y los objetos escolares en el Sistema Educativo Radiofónico Bragança, Estado de Pará, (1957-1977). El tejido metodológico está constituido por el enfoque de la Nueva Historia Cultural que se establece como campo teórico y metodológico de las representaciones. Ante esto, se encontró que la comunicación y los objetos escolares estaban ubicados en diferentes instituciones: el micrófono fue identificado en Radio Educadora; la grabadora fue encontrada en la sede de SERB; Se han identificado antenas y transmisores en casas de transmisores. Se concluye que estos objetos constituyen los significados de la educomunicación en el corazón de esta institución educativa.Palabras clave: comunicación y objetos escolares; Sistema de educación radiofónica Bragança - PA; Direcciones de Educommunication.