bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A biomechanical investigation of a novel intramedullary nail used to salvage failed internal fixations in intertrochanteric fractures
Authors: Chen Ping , Fan Zhirong , Xu Nengneng , Wang Haizhou
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The ideal approach for revision surgery following femoral head salvage treatments for an intertrochanteric fracture is still up for debate. A novel variety of proximal femoral bionic intramedullary nail (PFBN) has been created in clinical practice. We aimed to compare the biomechanical results of the novel implant to conventional intramedullary and extramedullary fixation in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture following primary internal fixation failure.

Methods

Using finite element analysis, we created a three-dimensional model of the intertrochanteric fracture's helical blade cut-out for this investigation. The PFBN 1 group, the PFBN 2 group, the PFNA group, and the DHS group were our four test groups. For each fracture group, the von Mises stress and displacements of the femur and internal fixation components were measured under 2100 N axial loads.

Results

The values for the femoral displacement in the PFBN1 group, PFBN2 group, PFNA group, and DHS group were 6.802 mm, 6.716 mm, 8.080 mm, and 8.679 mm, respectively. The internal implant displacement values were 6.201 mm, 6.138 mm, 7.396 mm, and 8.075 mm in the PFBN1 group, PFBN2 group, PFNA group, and DHS group, respectively. The maximum von Mises Stress in the femoral was 187.2 MPa, 85.18 MPa, 106.6 MPa, and 386.2 MPa in the PFBN1 groups, PFBN2 groups, PFNA groups, and DHS groups, respectively. In the PFBN1 groups, PFBN2 groups, PFNA groups, and DHS groups, the maximum von Mises Stress in internal fixation was 586.7 MPa, 559.8 MPa, 370.7 MPa, and 928.4.8 MPa, respectively.

Conclusion

Our biomechanical research demonstrates that intramedullary fixation is more stable than extramedullary fixation when salvaging failed internal fixations in intertrochanteric fracture. Compared with PFNA and DHS, PFBN showed better biomechanical stability in the treatment of patients with revised intertrochanteric fractures. In light of this, we advocate PFBN fixation as the method of choice for intertrochanteric fracture revision. This result still has to be confirmed in more clinical research.
Duhuo Jisheng decoction alleviates neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain by suppressing microglial M1 polarization: a network pharmacology research
Authors: Gao Chengcan , Zhao Yulong , Yang Tao , Gao Xu , Meng Chunyang
Published: August 2023

Background

Neuropathic pain (NP) is the most prevalent form of chronic pain resulting from nerve damage or injury. Despite the widespread use of Duhuo Jisheng decoction (DHJSD) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat chronic pain, the mechanism underlying its analgesic action remains unclear.

Methods

Using network pharmacology, we obtained DHJSD and NP-related target information from public databases to construct protein–protein interactions (PPI) and compound-target networks based on common target genes. These networks were further analyzed using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG). The interaction between molecules was verified through molecular docking using AutoDock Tools software. Additionally, we treated a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model with DHJSD and determined the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT). We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to determine the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was employed to analyze ACHE, NOS2, MAPK3, PTGS2, AKT1, and PPARG mRNA expression, and immunofluorescence was used to evaluate changes in microglia.

Results

Our screening of compounds and targets identified 252 potential targets of DHJSD associated with NP. PPI analysis, along with GO and KEGG analyses, revealed that the potential mechanism of DHJSD in NP treatment may be related to inflammatory reactions, the IL-17 signaling pathway, MAP kinase activity, and endocrine activity. Based on molecular docking, the core target showed significant affinity for DHJSD's active components. Moreover, DHJSD treatment repaired the CCI-induced inflammatory reaction in the spinal cord while regulating the expression of ACHE, NOS2, MAPK3, PTGS2, AKT1, and PPARG mRNA. Immunofluorescence results indicated that the active components of DHJSD may regulate microglial M1 polarization to improve neuroinflammation, PPARG may have been involved in the process.

Conclusion

The multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway actions of DHJSD provide new insights into its therapeutic mechanism in NP.
Delayed surgery after hip fracture affects the incidence of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Taoka Takuya , Ohmori Takao , Kanazawa Tomoko , Toda Kazukiyo , Ishihara Takeshi , Ito Yasuo
Published: August 2023

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the most common complications of hip fracture surgeries, and it is unclear whether delayed surgery affects the incidence of VTE. This study aimed to examine the association between delayed surgery and VTE incidence by statistically adjusting for factors that may influence VTE incidence.

Methods

We included 862 patients ≥ 65 years with hip fractures who underwent surgery between October 2010 and December 2020. We examined the effect of surgical delay 48 h after injury on postoperative VTE. Patients with and without VTE were assigned to groups V and NV, respectively. Those with and without proximal deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were assigned to PD and NPD groups, respectively. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors that might influence DVT development. Risk factors for developing VTE and proximal DVT were analyzed using logistic regression analysis to determine whether delayed surgery was a risk factor.

Results

VTE was observed in 436 patients (40%) and proximal DVT in 48 patients (5.6%). Univariate analysis showed significant differences in the time from trauma to surgery between the V and NV groups and between the PD and NPD groups. In multivariate analysis, surgery 48 h later was also a risk factor for developing VTE and proximal DVT.

Conclusion

A delay in surgery beyond 48 h after a hip fracture injury is a risk factor for developing VTE and proximal DVT.
A review of anti-tumour effects of Ganoderma lucidum in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Ye Ting , Ge Yang , Jiang Xiaoying , Song Hang , Peng Can , Liu Bin
Published: August 2023

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is the most common cancer in the world and one of the main causes of cancer-related death. Clinically, surgical excision and chemotherapy are the main treatment methods for GI cancer, which is unfortunately accompanied with serious adverse reactions and drug toxicity, bringing irreversible damage to patients and seriously affecting the quality of life. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has a long history of medicinal and edible use in China. Its bioactive compounds mainly include polysaccharides, triterpenes, and proteins, which have potential anti-tumor activities by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting metastasis, and regulating autophagy. Currently, there is no in-depth review on the anti-tumor effect of G. lucidum in GI cancer. Therefore, this review is an attempt to compile the basic characteristics, anti-GI caner mechanisms, and clinical application of G. lucidum, aiming to provide a reference for further research on the role of G. lucidum in the prevention and treatment of GI cancer from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine.

Graphical Abstract
Global comparative transcriptomes uncover novel and population-specific gene expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Alotaibi Amal , Gadekar Veerendra P. , Gundla Pranav Swaroop , Mandarthi Sumana , Jayendra Nidhi , Tungekar Asna , Lavanya B. V. , Bhagavath Ashok Kumar , Cordero Mary Anne Wong , Pitkaniemi Janne , Niazi Shaik Kalimulla , Upadhya Raghavendra , Bepari Asmatanzeem , Hebbar Prashantha
Published: August 2023

Background

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a poor prognosis and is one of the deadliest gastrointestinal malignancies. Despite numerous transcriptomics studies to understand its molecular basis, the impact of population-specific differences on this disease remains unexplored.

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the population-specific differences in gene expression patterns among ESCC samples obtained from six distinct global populations, identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their associated pathways, and identify potential biomarkers for ESCC diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, this study deciphers population specific microbial and chemical risk factors in ESCC.

Methods

We compared the gene expression patterns of ESCC samples from six different global populations by analyzing microarray datasets. To identify DEGs, we conducted stringent quality control and employed linear modeling. We cross-compared the resulting DEG lists of each populations along with ESCC ATLAS to identify known and novel DEGs. We performed a survival analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) data to identify potential biomarkers for ESCC diagnosis and prognosis among the novel DEGs. Finally, we performed comparative functional enrichment and toxicogenomic analysis.

Results

Here we report 19 genes with distinct expression patterns among populations, indicating population-specific variations in ESCC. Additionally, we discovered 166 novel DEGs, such as ENDOU, SLCO1B3, KCNS3, IFI35, among others. The survival analysis identified three novel genes (CHRM3, CREG2, H2AC6) critical for ESCC survival. Notably, our findings showed that ECM-related gene ontology terms and pathways were significantly enriched among the DEGs in ESCC. We also found population-specific variations in immune response and microbial infection-related pathways which included genes enriched for HPV, Ameobiosis, Leishmaniosis, and Human Cytomegaloviruses. Our toxicogenomic analysis identified tobacco smoking as the primary risk factor and cisplatin as the main drug chemical interacting with the maximum number of DEGs across populations.

Conclusion

This study provides new insights into population-specific differences in gene expression patterns and their associated pathways in ESCC. Our findings suggest that changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization may be crucial to the development and progression of this cancer, and that environmental and genetic factors play important roles in the disease. The novel DEGs identified may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
Recent advances in targeted strategies for triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhu Shuangli , Wu Yuze , Song Bin , Yi Ming , Yan Yuheng , Mei Qi , Wu Kongming
Published: August 2023

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer, negatively expresses estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Although chemotherapy is the main form of treatment for patients with TNBC, the effectiveness of chemotherapy for TNBC is still limited. The search for more effective therapies is urgent. Multiple targeted therapeutic strategies have emerged according to the specific molecules and signaling pathways expressed in TNBC. These include PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, Notch inhibitors, poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, and antibody–drug conjugates. Moreover, immune checkpoint inhibitors, for example, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab, are widely explored in the clinic. We summarize recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy in TNBC, with the aim of serving as a reference for the development of individualized treatment of patients with TNBC in the future.
Ariadne: synthetic long read deconvolution using assembly graphs
Authors: Mak Lauren , Meleshko Dmitry , Danko David C. , Barakzai Waris N. , Maharjan Salil , Belchikov Natan , Hajirasouliha Iman
Published: August 2023

Synthetic long read sequencing techniques such as UST’s TELL-Seq and Loop Genomics’ LoopSeq combine 3$$'$$

′

barcoding with standard short-read sequencing to expand the range of linkage resolution from hundreds to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, the lack of a 1:1 correspondence between a long fragment and a 3$$'$$

′

unique molecular identifier confounds the assignment of linkage between short reads. We introduce Ariadne, a novel assembly graph-based synthetic long read deconvolution algorithm, that can be used to extract single-species read-clouds from synthetic long read datasets to improve the taxonomic classification and de novo assembly of complex populations, such as metagenomes.
A high-resolution melting approach for the simultaneous differentiation of five human babesiosis–causing Babesia species
Authors: Wang Yanbo , Zhang Shangdi , Li Xiaoyun , Nian Yueli , Liu Xinyue , Liu Junlong , Yin Hong , Guan Guiquan , Wang Jinming
Published: August 2023

Background

Six species of apicomplexan parasites of the genus Babesia, namely B. microti, B. divergens, B. duncani, B. motasi, B. crassa–like and B. venatorum, are considered to be the primary causal agents of human babesiosis in endemic areas. These six species possess variable degrees of virulence for their primary hosts. Therefore, the accurate identification of these species is critical for the adoption of appropriate therapeutic strategies.

Methods

We developed a real-time PCR–high-resolution melting (qPCR-HRM) approach targeting 18S ribosomal RNA gene of five Babesia spp. based on melting temperature (Tm) and genotype confidence percentage values. This approach was then evaluated using 429 blood samples collected from patients with a history of tick bites, 120 DNA samples mixed with plasmids and 80 laboratory-infected animal samples.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed qPCR-HRM method were 95% and 100%, respectively, and the detection limit was 1–100 copies of the plasmid with the cloned target gene. The detection level depended on the species of Babesia analyzed. The primers designed in this study ensured not only the high interspecific specificity of our proposed method but also a high versatility for different isolates from the same species worldwide. Additionally, the Tm obtained from the prepared plasmid standard is theoretically suitable for identifying isolates of all known sequences of the five Babesia species.

Conclusions

The developed detection method provides a useful tool for the epidemiological investigation of human babesiosis and pre-transfusion screening.

Graphical Abstract
Evaluation of the pooled sample method in Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array by comparison with individual samples
Authors: Nishitani Shota , Fujisawa Takashi X. , Yao Akiko , Takiguchi Shinichiro , Tomoda Akemi
Published: August 2023

Background

The pooled sample method is used in epigenomic research and expression analysis and is a cost-effective screening approach for small amounts of DNA. Evaluation of the pooled sample method in epigenomic studies is performed using the Illumina Infinium Methylation 450K BeadChip array; however, subsequent reports on the updated 850K array are lacking. A previous study demonstrated that the methylation levels obtained from individual samples were accurately replicated using pooled samples but did not address epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) statistics. The DNA quantification method, which is important for the homogeneous mixing of DNA in the pooled sample method, has since become fluorescence-based, and additional factors need to be considered including the resolution of batch effects of microarray chips and the heterogeneity of the cellular proportions from which the DNA samples are derived. In this study, four pooled samples were created from 44 individual samples, and EWAS statistics for differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) were conducted for individual samples and compared with the statistics obtained from the pooled samples.

Results

The methylation levels could be reproduced fairly well in the pooled samples. This was the case for the entire dataset and when limited to the top 100 CpG sites, consistent with a previous study using the 450K BeadChip array. However, the statistical results of the EWAS for the DMP by individual samples were not replicated in pooled samples. Qualitative analyses highlighting methylation within an arbitrary candidate gene were replicable. Focusing on chr 20, the statistical results of EWAS for DMR from individual samples showed replicability in the pooled samples as long as they were limited to regions with a sufficient effect size.

Conclusions

The pooled sample method replicated the methylation values well and can be used for EWAS in DMR. This method is sample amount-effective and cost-effective and can be utilized for screening by carefully understanding the effective features and disadvantages of the pooled sample method and combining it with candidate gene analyses.
Practical guidelines for the use of gradient boosting for molecular property prediction
Authors: Boldini Davide , Grisoni Francesca , Kuhn Daniel , Friedrich Lukas , Sieber Stephan A.
Published: August 2023

Decision tree ensembles are among the most robust, high-performing and computationally efficient machine learning approaches for quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling. Among them, gradient boosting has recently garnered particular attention, for its performance in data science competitions, virtual screening campaigns, and bioactivity prediction. However, different variants of gradient boosting exist, the most popular being XGBoost, LightGBM and CatBoost. Our study provides the first comprehensive comparison of these approaches for QSAR. To this end, we trained 157,590 gradient boosting models, which were evaluated on 16 datasets and 94 endpoints, comprising 1.4 million compounds in total. Our results show that XGBoost generally achieves the best predictive performance, while LightGBM requires the least training time, especially for larger datasets. In terms of feature importance, the models surprisingly rank molecular features differently, reflecting differences in regularization techniques and decision tree structures. Thus, expert knowledge must always be employed when evaluating data-driven explanations of bioactivity. Furthermore, our results show that the relevance of each hyperparameter varies greatly across datasets and that it is crucial to optimize as many hyperparameters as possible to maximize the predictive performance. In conclusion, our study provides the first set of guidelines for cheminformatics practitioners to effectively train, optimize and evaluate gradient boosting models for virtual screening and QSAR applications.

Graphical abstract
Partial response continuous phase modulation with a prolate spheroidal wave function for compass system in the S-band
Authors: Xue Rui , Xie Mingming
Published: August 2023

Continuous phase modulation (CPM) has the characteristics of high power efficiency, spectral efficiency, and less out-of-band radiation, which is very suitable for the Compass S-band (2483.5–2500 MHz) with limited power and bandwidth. However, as more and more navigation systems share the S-band, the mutual interference between different systems is gradually increasing, and the compatibility of CPM signals with rectangular or raised cosine pulses needs to be further improved. To enhance the navigation performance and compatibility of current CPM candidate signals, we propose to apply continuous phase modulation with prolate spheroidal wave function (CPM-PSWF) to S-band navigation. The proposed modulation scheme selects PSWF with excellent time-frequency energy aggregation and flexible time-bandwidth product as the frequency pulse function of CPM. Then, the influence of key modulation parameters such as M, L, h, and C on CPM-PSWF power spectral density is analyzed, and a specific partial-response CPM-PSWF signal is proposed as the S-band candidate navigation signal. Finally, the navigation performance evaluation criteria are derived, and the proposed signal scheme and existing candidate schemes are comprehensively evaluated. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that compared with CPM with BM2RC(8), cos-phase binary offset carrier (BOCc(4,4)), sin-phase binary offset carrier (BOCs(4,4)), minimum shift keying-BOCs (MSK-BOCs(4,4)) and binary offset carrier (BPSK(8)), the proposed signal scheme not only delivers exceptional spectral performance but also exhibits superior performance in code tracking accuracy and multipath suppression. In addition, in the acquisition and tracking phase, compared with other candidate signals except for BOCc(4,4), the mutual interference between the proposed signal scheme and most S-band signals is the lowest, which is easier to realize the compatibility of the Compass system with IRNSS, Galileo, and Globalstar systems.
Microscopic weathering mechanisms of subflorescence and crust patterns in the Nankan Grotto, northern Sichuan, China
Authors: Zhang Xuening , Ling Sixiang , Wu Xiyong , Xie Jiawen
Published: August 2023

The mineralogy, geochemical mass balance, sulfur isotope, and micro-structure of the sandstone in the Nankan Grotto were analyzed to explore the weathering mechanisms of the subflorescence and crust patterns. The results revealed that the mineralogical compositions of the rock samples from the subflorescence and crust sites were quartz, feldspar, calcite, and clay minerals. The calcite content was much higher in the crust site than that in the subflorescence site. Based on the microscopic petrographic evidence, the crystallization stress of the thenardite and calcite and the swelling/shrinking stress of the clay minerals led to the detachment of the outer rock layer, after which subflorescence became visible on the newly exposed surface. Solution migration carried Ca2+ from the interior of the rock to the surface, where it combined with CO3
2− and SO4
2− to produce gypsum and calcite on the surface during the drying process, resulting in the formation of the crust. Therefore, the mineralogical composition (especially the calcite content) laid the foundation for the distinct development of the subflorescence and crust. In addition, the microstructure and external environment influenced the amount and location of salt crystallization, eventually leading to thenardite crystallizing within the rock in the subflorescence site while the gypsum precipitated on the surface as a crust. The sulfur isotope analysis revealed that the sulfur in the subflorescence and crust sites was most likely derived from detergents and from the combustion of oil and natural gas. Our research revealed the microscopic weathering mechanisms of the subflorescence and crust patterns in the Nankan Grotto, providing insights on salt weathering mechanisms for stone heritage sites around the world.
Postharvest application of Aloe vera gel and thymol enhances shelf-life of duke cherries via altering physiochemical parameters
Authors: ValizadehKaji Babak , Fakhri Narges
Published: August 2023

Background

Duke cherry is a non-climacteric fruit but deteriorates quickly during storage due to thin pericarp and succulent fruit tissue. The application of edible coatings, essential oils, or their combination is an appropriate technique to maintain the quality characteristics and reduce the deterioration of fruits during storage. This research assessed the effect of Aloe vera gel (AVG), thymol, and their combined use on the physicochemical and qualitative properties of duke cherries kept at 5 °C and 80% relative humidity for 28 d.

Results

Compared to the uncoated fruits, duke cherries coated with a combination of AVG and thymol, showed more values of firmness (12.76–100.32%), total phenol (9.99–45.09%), antioxidant activity (7.90–84.56%), and sensory scores(50.15–100.00%), as well as the activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) (12.03–185.11%) and catalase (CAT) (10.20–243.66%) enzymes during cold storage. Moreover, duke cherries coated with a combination of AVG and thymol had remarkably lower values of weight loss (32.57–42.67%), respiration rate (34.96–49.78%), stem browning (24.50–50.53%), spoilage percentage (84.55–100%), anthocyanin (14.21–23.16%), and total soluble solids/titratable acidity (TSS/TA) (35.64–50.15%), as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (16.66–32.35%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (15.23–31.05%).

Conclusion

The application of AVG and thymol, particularly their combination, can have a high practical potential to extend shelf-life and preserve the quality of duke cherries during cold storage. This treatment has various advantages including natural, edible, cost-effective, and efficient.

Graphical Abstract
Perception of frontal facial images compared with their mirror images: chirality, enantiomorphic discrimination, and relevance to clinical practice
Authors: Al-Bitar Zaid B. , Hamdan Ahmad M. , Shqaidef Abedalrahman , Garagiola Umberto , Naini Farhad B.
Published: August 2023

Background

What we think we see consists of models constructed in our brains, which may be constrained, limited and perhaps modified at a cerebral level. Patients may view their mirror image differently to how others and the clinical team view them. Understanding potential variations in perception between real and mirror images is important in clinical practice. The aims were to assess differences in self-perception between frontal facial and mirrored photographs, comparing the results with selfie photographs.

Methods

Facial photographs were taken by one investigator under standardized conditions for preclinical and clinical students. Each student took a selfie photograph at rest and smiling using his/her smartphone. A mirror image was generated for each image. Each student was shown his/her original and mirror image, without being informed which was which. For each pair of images, students were asked to choose which photograph they perceived as more attractive. A set of photographs of a male volunteer was shown to all participants, to choose either the original or mirror image as the more attractive.

Results

Most observers preferred the true image of the volunteer (P < 0.05), which may be evidence that most people prefer the true image of others, which is how they normally view them. Most observers preferred their own original photograph in frontal view at rest and smiling (P < 0.05), but preferred the mirror image of their selfie photograph at rest and smiling (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Significant differences in perceptions of attractiveness between true and mirror-reversed frontal and selfie images were found. Observers preferred their image the way they view themselves in a mirror. The selfie is how other people view an individual. If a selfie is flipped horizontally, that is how an individual sees themselves in a mirror. Most observers preferred the mirror image of their selfie, which is how they would view themselves in a mirror.
Mapping implementation strategies of evidence-based interventions for three preselected phenomena in people with dementia—a scoping review
Authors: Rommerskirch-Manietta Mike , Manietta Christina , Purwins Daniel , Braunwarth Jana Isabelle , Quasdorf Tina , Roes Martina
Published: August 2023

Background

Caring for people with dementia is complex, and there are various evidence-based interventions. However, a gap exists between the available interventions and how to implement them. The objectives of our review are to identify implementation strategies, implementation outcomes, and influencing factors for the implementation of evidence-based interventions that focus on three preselected phenomena in people with dementia: (A) behavior that challenges supporting a person with dementia in long-term care, (B) delirium in acute care, and (C) postacute care needs.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review according to the description of the Joanna Briggs Institute. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. For the data analysis, we conducted deductive content analysis. For this analysis, we used the Expert Recommendations for Implementation Change (ERIC), implementation outcomes according to Proctor and colleagues, and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Results

We identified 362 (A), 544 (B), and 714 records (C) on the three phenomena and included 7 (A), 3 (B), and 3 (C) studies. Among the studies, nine reported on the implementation strategies they used. Clusters with the most reported strategies were adapt and tailor to context and train and educate stakeholders. We identified one study that tested the effectiveness of the applied implementation strategy, while ten studies reported implementation outcomes (mostly fidelity). Regarding factors that influence implementation, all identified studies reported between 1 and 19 factors. The most reported factors were available resources and the adaptability of the intervention. To address dementia-specific influencing factors, we enhanced the CFIR construct of patient needs and resources to include family needs and resources.

Conclusions

We found a high degree of homogeneity across the different dementia phenomena, the evidence-based interventions, and the care settings in terms of the implementation strategies used, implementation outcomes measured, and influencing factors identified. However, it remains unclear to what extent implementation strategies themselves are evidence-based and which intervention strategy can be used by practitioners when either the implementation outcomes are not adjusted to the implementation strategy and/or the effects of implementation strategies are mostly unknown. Future research needs to focus on investigating the effectiveness of implementation strategies for evidence-based interventions for dementia care.

Trial registration

The review protocol was prospectively published (Manietta et al., BMJ Open 11:e051611, 2021).
Predictors of failure of recurrent spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea repair: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Maltan Turkiya A. , Salem Eman H. , Eldeeb Ahmed Hemdan , Moneir Waleed , Khafagy Yasser W.
Published: August 2023

Background

To identify and predict risk factors associated with recurrent spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, a cohort study included a total of 37 adult patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea were analyzed.

Results

Over a 2-year period, 37 patients of spontaneous CSF leak with exclusion of other etiologies (traumatic, congenital) were enrolled: primary (non-recurrent) (n = 20) and secondary (recurrent) (n = 17), where 83.8% were females with an average body mass index (BMI) of 36.4 kg/m2. Associated symptoms of high intracranial pressure (ICP) namely, blurred vision and unsteadiness (P-value = 0.006 and 0.01, respectively), multiparity (92.3%), and failure to localize the defect (17.6%) contributed to patients having more recurrence. Although the cribriform plate was detected frequently (n = 29.4%), they were associated with lower recurrence compared to lateral recess of sphenoid (66.6% vs 20%).

Conclusion

Direct endoscopic visualization and repair of skull base defects achieve a high success rate, but failure is still a possibility especially in spontaneous etiology of leaks. In a multiparous female, with high CSF pressure, lateral sphenoid recess, large size, or unidentified defect, the incidence of recurrence is much higher.

Level of evidence

4
Development and demographic parameters of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) when feeding on rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Ali Md Panna , Haque Sheikh Shamiul , Hossain Md Mosaddeke , Bari Md Nazmul , Kabir Mir Md Moniruzzaman , Roy Tapon Kumar , Datta Juel , Howlader Mohammad Tofazzal Hossain , Alam Syed Nurul , Krupnik Timothy J.
Published: August 2023

Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), native to the Americas, is a polyphagous insect pest feeding on more than 350 plant species. We studied the developmental and demographic parameters of the maize (Zea mays) strain of FAW on rice (Oryza sativa), and compared the results with its prime host, maize. The developmental period from egg to adult among rice varieties did not differ significantly; however, it did differ significantly between rice and maize, as feeding on rice rather than maize extends development duration of FAW larvae by 15.15%. FAW larvae collected and reared on maize were found to be of significantly higher weight than those reared on rice at two sequential dates of their development; pupal weight however was observed as statistically similar between these two host crops. Regardless of the host, female adults always emerged before males; in maize, female FAW appeared 3.36 days earlier than males. Females derived from rice had longer pre-oviposition periods and shorter oviposition ones than those derived from maize. In rice and maize, the age-specific fecundity rate (mx) peaked at 40 days and 33 days, respectively. When the Fall Armyworm consumed maize instead of rice, there was an increase in the reproduction rate (R0), the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), and the finite rate of increase (λ). For instance, when FAW fed on rice, the rm value was 0.121, whereas it rose to 0.173 when FAW fed on maize. Feeding on rice instead of maize resulted in significantly longer mean length of generation (tG) and doubling time (tD) for the fall armyworm (FAW). This suggests that it took a longer time for the FAW population to double when it was fed rice under controlled greenhouse conditions. In summary, our research suggests that FAW can survive and complete its life cycle on rice plants and on multiple varieties of rice in Bangladesh. However, field verification is necessary before drawing strong conclusions as to the risk posed by FAW in rice. This requires additional studies of FAW and associated insect community dynamics under non-controlled conditions and in the context of multi-species interactions in Asian rice fields.
Biochemical Recurrence Surrogacy for Clinical Outcomes After Radiotherapy for Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Roy Soumyajit , Romero Tahmineh , Michalski Jeff M. , Feng Felix Y. , Efstathiou Jason A. , Lawton Colleen A.F. , Bolla Michel , Maingon Philippe , de Reijke Theo , Joseph David , Ong Wee Loon , Sydes Matthew R. , Dearnaley David P. , Tree Alison C. , Carrier Nathalie , Nabid Abdenour , Souhami Luis , Incrocci Luca , Heemsbergen Wilma D. , Pos Floris J. , Zapatero Almudena , Guerrero Araceli , Alvarez Ana , San-Segundo Carmen Gonzalez , Maldonado Xavier , Reiter Robert E. , Rettig Matthew B. , Nickols Nicholas G. , Steinberg Michael L. , Valle Luca F. , Ma T. Martin , Farrell Matthew J. , Neilsen Beth K. , Juarez Jesus E. , Deng Jie , Vangala Sitaram , Avril Norbert , Jia Angela Y. , Zaorsky Nicholas G. , Sun Yilun , Spratt Daniel , Kishan Amar U. ,   Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials in Cancer of the Prostate (MARCAP) Consortium Investigators
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE

The surrogacy of biochemical recurrence (BCR) for overall survival (OS) in localized prostate cancer remains controversial. Herein, we evaluate the surrogacy of BCR using different surrogacy analytic methods.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Individual patient data from 11 trials evaluating radiotherapy dose escalation, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) use, and ADT prolongation were obtained. Surrogate candidacy was assessed using the Prentice criteria (including landmark analyses) and the two-stage meta-analytic approach (estimating Kendall's tau and the R2). Biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS, time from random assignment to BCR or any death) and time to BCR (TTBCR, time from random assignment to BCR or cancer-specific deaths censoring for noncancer-related deaths) were assessed.

RESULTS

Overall, 10,741 patients were included. Dose escalation, addition of short-term ADT, and prolongation of ADT duration significantly improved BCR (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71 [95% CI, 0.63 to 0.79]; HR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.48 to 0.59]; and HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.48 to 0.61], respectively). Adding short-term ADT (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.84 to 0.99]) and prolonging ADT (HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.78 to 0.94]) significantly improved OS, whereas dose escalation did not (HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.11]). BCR at 48 months was associated with inferior OS in all three groups (HR, 2.46 [95% CI, 2.08 to 2.92]; HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.35 to 1.70]; and HR, 2.31 [95% CI, 2.04 to 2.61], respectively). However, after adjusting for BCR at 48 months, there was no significant treatment effect on OS (HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.96 to 1.27]; HR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.06] and 1.00 [95% CI, 0.90 to 1.12], respectively). The patient-level correlation (Kendall's tau) for BCRFS and OS ranged between 0.59 and 0.69, and that for TTBCR and OS ranged between 0.23 and 0.41. The R2 values for trial-level correlation of the treatment effect on BCRFS and TTBCR with that on OS were 0.563 and 0.160, respectively.

CONCLUSION

BCRFS and TTBCR are prognostic but failed to satisfy all surrogacy criteria. Strength of correlation was greater when noncancer-related deaths were considered events.
Racial, Ethnic, Nativity, and Educational Disparities in Cognitive Impairment and Activity Limitations in the United States, 1998–2016
Authors: Sharma Shubhankar , Hale Jo Mhairi , Myrskylä Mikko , Kulu Hill
Published: August 2023

Despite extensive research on cognitive impairment and limitations in basic activities of daily living, no study has investigated the burden of their co-occurrence (co-impairment). Using the Health and Retirement Study data and incidence-based multistate models, we study the population burden of co-impairment using three key indicators: mean age at onset, lifetime risk, and health expectancy. We examine patterns by gender, race, ethnicity, nativity, education, and their interactions for U.S. residents aged 50–100. Furthermore, we analyze what fractions of racial, ethnic, and nativity disparities in co-impairment are attributable to inequalities in educational attainment. Results reveal that an estimated 56% of women and 41% of men aged 50 will experience co-impairment in their remaining life expectancy. Men experience an earlier onset of co-impairment than women (74 vs. 77 years), and women live longer in co-impairment than men (3.4 vs. 1.9 years). Individuals who are Black, Latinx, and lower educated, especially those experiencing intersecting disadvantages, have substantially higher lifetime risk of co-impairment, earlier co-impairment onset, and longer life in co-impairment than their counterparts. Up to 75% of racial, ethnic, and nativity disparity is attributable to inequality in educational attainment. This study provides novel insights into the burden of co-impairment and offers evidence of dramatic disparities in the older U.S. population.
Decreasing Reimbursement of Pituitary Tumor Surgery: An Analysis of Medicare Data From 2010 to 2020
Authors: Jimenez Adrian E. , Azad Tej D. , Mukherjee Debraj
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Despite the extensive amount of research aimed at comparing patient outcomes between microscopic transsphenoidal surgery (MTSS) and endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) approaches, there has been relatively little recent investigation into the nationwide utilization and reimbursement trends of both techniques. This study aimed to identify trends in pituitary tumor surgery utilization, charges to Medicare, and reimbursement dependent on (1) MTSS/ETSS surgery type, (2) provider type (ie, neurosurgeon vs ear, nose, and throat), and (3) cosurgery status.

METHODS:

This study used publicly available data from the Medicare Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary for the years 2010–2020. Linear regression was used to quantify temporal trends for submitted service counts, submitted charges, reimbursements, and reimbursement-to-charge across the 2010–2020 period.

RESULTS:

Regarding service count trends from 2010 to 2020, our results demonstrate a significant increase in ETSS utilization (

= 1.55, CI = 0.99-2.12, P < .001), a significant decrease in MTSS utilization (

= −0.86, CI = −1.21 to −0.51, P < .001), a significant increase in services submitted by otolaryngologists (

= 0.59, CI = 0.24-0.93, P = .0040), and a significant increase in cosurgeries (

= 1.03, CI = 0.24-0.93, P = .0051). Importantly, our results also demonstrated a significant decrease in reimbursements for ETSS procedures (

= −12.74, CI = −22.38 to −3.09, P = .015) and for pituitary tumor surgeries submitted by neurosurgeons specifically (

= −41.56, CI = −51.67 to −31.63, P < .0001).

CONCLUSION:

Our results demonstrated a significant increase in ETSS utilization and a significant decrease in MTSS utilization. We also noted a significant decrease in reimbursements for ETSS procedures and among procedures submitted by neurosurgeons specifically. We hope that our study highlights nationwide utilization and reimbursement patterns that may be useful for guiding future reimbursement-oriented policy development.
O imposto sobre a renda e o imposto sobre operações financeiras, em face do princípio da reserva legal
Authors: Gil Otto Eduardo Vizeu
Published: August 2023

Delegação de poderes e política fiscal, na Emenda Constitucional n.O I, de 17 de outubro de 1969. O Imposto sobre a Renda e o Imposto Sobre Operações Financeiras, em face do princíPio da Reserva Legal. Conclusão.
Desapropriação - Retrocessão - Perdas e danos
Authors: Flôres Thompson
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Desapropriação - Imissão de posse - Juros compensatórios
Authors: Monteiro Barros
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Funcionário público - Nomeação
Authors: Albuquerque Xavier de
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Funcionário público - Promoção - Direito adquirido
Authors: Neder Antônio
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Funcionário público - Aposentadoria - Contagem de tempo de serviço
Authors: Affonso Sebastião Baptista
Published: August 2023

Tribunal de Contas da União
Caixa de Previdência e Assistência - Desvio de poder - Insolvência
Authors: Wald Arnaldo
Published: August 2023

- São nulos os atos lesivos ao patrimônio das autarquias e sociedades de economia mista, praticados por autoridade incompetente.
Empresas públicas - Sociedades de economia mista - Seguros - Concorrência pública
Authors: Mayer Luiz Rafael
Published: August 2023

Presidência da República
Funcionário público - Regime estatutário - Gratificação - Dedicação exclusiva - Paridade - Opção
Authors: Falcão Djaci
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Funcionário público - Promoção - Ministério Público da União
Authors: Duarte Clenício da Silva
Published: August 2023

Departamento Administrativo do Pessoal Civil
Da posição na administração indireta, da fundação de direito privado instituída pelo estado
Authors: Ferreira Sergio de Andréa
Published: August 2023

Instrumento de descentralização administrativa. Antecedentes no direitoprivado. A legislação federal e estadual. Reforma administrativa.Tutela administrativa. Outros exemplos legislativos. Conclusões.
Funcionário público - Aposentadoria - Vinculação de proventos
Authors: Rocha Eloy da
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Funcionário público - Ilícito administrativo - Absolvição
Authors: Albuquerque Xavier de
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Imposto sobre a renda - Quotas ou quinhões de capital
Authors: Mesquita Neto Antonio Augusto de
Published: August 2023

Ministério da Fazenda
Imposto de consumo - Multa
Authors: Pinto Bilac
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Funcionário público - Regime de dedicação exclusiva - Direito adquirido
Authors: Flôres Thompson
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Município - Autonomia - Estâncias hidrominerais
Authors: Alckmin Rodrigues
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Desapropriação - Posse - Indenização
Authors: Neder Antônio
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Formas jurídicas da empresa pública
Authors: Cretella Júnior José
Published: August 2023

1. Empresa pública unipessoal. 2. Correção da colocação inicial. 3.Empresa pública pluripessoal. 4. Conceito de empresa. 5. 'A empresano mundo jurídico. 6. Formas jurídicas da empresa pública. 7. Formas da empresa pública brasileira. 8. Formas da empresa pública pluripessoal. 9. O comerciante público. 10. Estados, municípios e Distrito Federal. 11. Conclusão.
Imposto sobre circulação de mercadorias - Incidência
Authors: Trigueiro Oswaldo
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Imposto sobre circulação de mercadorias - Lei estadual
Authors: Neder Antonio
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Imposto sobre circulação de mercadorias - Resolução do senado - Constitucionalidade
Authors: Arruda Geraldo
Published: August 2023

Tribunal de Alçada de São Paulo
Imposto - Restituição - Prescrição
Authors: Franco Pinheiro
Published: August 2023

Tribunal de Alçada de São Paulo
Taxa de fiscalização - Cinemas - Inconstitucionalidade
Authors: Falcão Djaci
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Funcionário público - Aproveitamento - Ex-combatente - Limite de idade
Authors: Affonso Sebastião Baptista
Published: August 2023

Tribunal de Contas
Imposto sobre circulação de mercadorias - Pauta
Authors: Baleeiro Aliomar
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Pensão militar - Perda de posto e patente
Authors: Rocha Eloy da
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Pensão - Filho legítimo - Morte ficta
Authors: Branco Francisco de Salles Mourão
Published: August 2023

Tribunal de Contas
Pensão militar - Mãe Casada
Authors: Affonso Sebastião Baptista
Published: August 2023

Tribunal de Contas
Empresa pública - Jeton - Salário mínimo
Authors: Luz Ivan
Published: August 2023

Tribunal de Contas da União
Imposto de renda - Isenção - Aposentadoria - Moléstia especificada em lei
Authors: Siqueira Darcy Duarte de
Published: August 2023

Departamento Administrativo do Serviço Público
O Plano de Classificação de Cargos
Authors: Bomfim Edson Rocha
Published: August 2023

1. Objetivos. 2. Evolução constitucional. 3. Antecedentes da reformaadministrativa. 4. Aspectos da reforma. 5. Legislação aplicada. 6.Considerações sobre a legislação indicada. 7. A inclusão do servidorregido pela CLT. 8. O gradualismo. 9. Conclusão.
Funcionário público - Classificação de cargos - Servidores contratados
Authors: Siqueira Darcy Duarte de
Published: August 2023

Departamento Administrativo do Serviço Público
A intervenção do ministério público nas fundações
Authors: Ferreira Sergio de Andréa
Published: August 2023

.
Taxa de serviços bancários de operações financeiras - Mútuo - Usura
Authors: Alves Moreira
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Taxas de licença para localização e taxa de serviços - Poder de polícia
Authors: Falcão Djaci
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Funcionário público - Prova de capacidade - Diploma
Authors: Alves Moreira
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Funcionário público - Licença-prêmio - Direito adquirido
Authors: Rocha Eloy da
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Desapropriação - Honorários de advogado - Correção monetária
Authors: Albuquerque Xavier de
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Licença - Localização de estabelecimento comercial - Renovação - Cassação
Authors: Pinto Bilac
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Desapropriação para urbanização e reurbanização. Validade da revenda
Authors: Fagundes M. Seabra
Published: August 2023

Desenvolvimento urbano. Problemas relevantes. Art. 5º do Decreto-leinº 3.365, de 1941. Desapropriação por zona. Conclusão.
Funcionário público - Aposentadoria - Revisão de proventos - Vinculação
Authors: Falcão Djaci
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Funcionário público - Equiparação de vencimentos
Authors: Falcão Djaci
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Polícia militar - Soldo - Regime estatutário - Direito adquirido
Authors: Pinto Bilac
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Desapropriação - Valor de indenização - Loteamento
Authors: Cunha Cordeiro
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Organização judiciária - Gratificação - Declaração de inconstitucionalidade
Authors: Flôres Thompson
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Conselho de contas municipais - Constitucionalidade
Authors: Baleeiro Aliomar
Published: August 2023

Supremo Tribunal Federal