bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Media and Electoral Prediction: Ten Years After
Authors: Gayo-Avello Daniel , Jungherr Andreas , Rivero Gonzalo
Published: December 2022

Electoral prediction and social media met in 2010. The reasoning was straightforward: people use social media to express their opinions and, therefore, it should be possible to use that information to capture the mood of the public and even predict electoral results. However, in spite of many attempts, the subfield has still not produced a commonly accepted, generally valid method. In this Chapter, we discuss the original foundations of the field, and the limitations that still pervade it. We outline some of the reasons why this program has generally remained stuck in the same original challenges that were identified ten years ago.
Mating Call, Dog Whistle, Trigger: Assymetric Alignments, Race, and the Use of Reactionary Religious Rhetoric in American Politics
Authors: Perry Samuel
Published: December 2022

Asymmetric social alignments are transforming American partisan rhetoric, particularly how politicians leverage identity-based appeals. One such example: asymmetric religious, racial, and ideological alignments within the Republican party now make reactionary religious rhetoric increasingly strategic. Focusing on that case, I propose a novel conceptual model to understand what such rhetoric aims to accomplish. Reactionary religious rhetoric advertises, appeals, and activates on a spectrum from overt to subconscious registers, which I explain using three metaphors: mating call, dog whistle, and trigger. Within a context of asymmetrical partisan “sorting,” Christian nationalist rhetoric overtly advertises partisanship (mating call). Rhetoric deploying encoded terms like “Christian” and “socialist” appeals to ethno-culture, connecting specific political opponents to abstract ethno-religious threats (dog whistle). Lastly, research on overlapping identities increasingly suggests rhetoric involving threats to “Christianity” may unconsciously activate white racial threat (trigger). I consider applications of this conceptual model to growing political appeals to nationalist and populist identiti
Effect of formulated feed (containing common bean and leftover flour) on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) in earthen ponds at Nono district, Ethiopia
Authors:   College of natural and computational science, Ambo University School of Graduate Studies, Ethiopia., Diriba Mekonnen Melesse , Temesgen Mathewos ,   College of natural and computational science, Ambo University School of Graduate Studies, Ethiopia., Prabadevi L. ,   College of natural and computational science, Ambo University School of Graduate Studies, Ethiopia.
Published: December 2022

Fish feed plays a critical role in aquaculture; it influences production costs, fish growth, health and fish production. One of the approaches to tackle this problem has been to experimentally test the use of agro-industrial byproducts to grow fish in ponds. Thirty (30) fingerlings of Nile tilapia were stocked in each pond and fed with five percent of their body weight twice a day. Fish growth was measured using measuring board and sensitive balance and recorded fortnightly. Feed 1 performed better body weight gain (BWG) and Feed 3 produced the lowest BWG. The formulated Feed 1 which formulated from 50% of leftover flours from local grain mill machine and 50% of common bean indicated also a better profit index than others. In addition, Feed 1 showed the highest mean PR 88.59, which indicates the yield that it can produce in the given area and showed statistically significant (ANOVA (F = 2.39), P = 0.02). It is ascertained that the formulated Feed 1 can be recommended for farming Nile tilapia in the study area.
Free Energy of Mixing, Heat of Mixing and Viscosity of Na-K Liquid Alloy at Different Temperatures
Authors: Limbu H. K. , Adhikari G. P. , Mishra K. K. , Neupane K. , Jha I. S.
Published: December 2022

The Free energy of mixing, Heat of mixing and Viscosity of Na-K alloy are investigated theoretically at different temperatures using the Regular solution model. The interaction energy is temperature dependent. The theoretical values of interchange energy at different temperatures are obtained by best fit parameter approximation with the help of experimental values at 384K. The properties have been studied with the help of computed theoretical interchange energy at different temperatures using interchange energy and temperature relation. A comparison of theoretical and experimental values at 384K shows that they are in good agreement and using this basis we have computed the values at different temperatures.
Comparative Study of Fire-Gilded and Electroplated Gold Films on Copper Substrates
Authors: Joshi P. , Maharjan N. , Nakarmi M. L.
Published: December 2022

We compared the structural and optical properties of the gold films deposited on copper substrates by the traditional fire-gilding method and electroplating method which are being adopted by the craftsmen in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and reflectance spectroscopy were employed to characterize the surface morphology and optical reflectance of the samples, respectively. In the AFM images of the surface of the gold films, we observed that the surfaces of the fire-gilded films not only are smoother but also have higher reflectance than that of the electroplated gold films. In the corrosion experiment by chemical etching of the gold films, fire-gilded samples showed superior corrosion resistance than electroplated gold films.
Analysis of Proton Flux with Solar Wind Parameters, Symmetric (SYM) and Asymmetric (ASY) H-indices
Authors: Giri A. , Lama A. D. , Adhikari B. , Rimal S. , Khatri S.
Published: December 2022

After significant solar eruptions, protons are fired at extremely high speeds, sometimes reaching several thousand kilometer per second (km/s), resulting in solar radiation storms. Solar particle events can be found all around the heliosphere. The cross-correlation analysis along with time series analysis is used to look at how the solar wind and proton flux are related. The parameters used in this work are flux of Solar Energetic Protons (SEP) ranging from >10 MeV to >60 MeV along with speed, density, and pressure of the solar wind parameters. The findings indicate that proton flux (E>10 MeV) shows significant changes just before the storm while flux (E>30 MeV) and (E>60 MeV) doesn’t correlate with solar parameters although during quiet day no significant changes were observed. These finding suggested that SEP can be used as precursor of CME driven storms.
Monitoring Linear Accelerator Output Constancy and Overall Performance Using the PTW Quickcheckwebline
Authors: Nyaichyai K. S. , Jha D. , Adhikari K. P. , Prajapati R. , Neupane R.
Published: December 2022

Daily morning quality assurance (QA) for all available beams using conventional phantom measures only output and beam quality. PTW QUICKCHECKwebline (PTW QCw) is a compact movable light-weight dosimetry equipment used for daily QA, capable of measuring flatness, symmetry, beam quality and output constancy of a given beam in a single exposure. The purpose of this study was to analyze and monitor the output constancy of a medical linear accelerator using PTW QCw and assess the overall performance of the PTW QCw. The output parameters of 4, 6 and 15 MV photon beams and 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 15 MeV electron beams of the Elekta Synergy linear accelerator in Kathmandu Cancer Center were analyzed. It was found in the study that all the parameters were well within the recommended tolerance limit of ±3%. Some known modifications in the settings of the linear accelerator gantry, couch, and collimator were introduced separately during the exposures, and the percentage variations from the baseline values were noted to check the sensitivity of the PTW QCw using 6 MV photon beam. The PTW QCw was able to detect the deviations introduced to the external irradiation conditions for both photon and electron beams under daily testing conditions. The results from this study suggest that daily dosimetric consistency measurements using the PTW QCw helps to monitor the overall performance of the linear accelerator.
Outcome analysis of Cohen’s cross trigonal ureteric reimplantation in paediatric age group
Authors: Adhikari Suman Bikram , Chaudhary Ramanandan Prasad , Gurung Tul Maya , Sah Sanjay , Rana Shovita
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Cohen’s cross trigonal ureteric reimplantation is the gold standard for surgical management of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in children with high success rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate and assess the outcome of open Cohen’s procedure in children with VUR.

 Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with VUR who underwent Cohen’s procedure between March 2010 and February 2020 was done. The following were recorded for each patient: age, sex, grade of reflux, operative time, outcome and complications.

 Results: The series consisted of 40 patients (25 girls and 15 boys) who underwent Cohen’s procedure with a mean age of 32 months (6 months to 8 years). Bilateral repairs were performed in 16 patients (40%) in the same setting and unilateral repair in 24 patients (60%). Twenty-two patients (55%) had grade IV VUR, 13 patients (32.5%) had grade V VUR and 05 patients (12.5%) had grade III VUR. Mean operative time for bilateral repairs was 249.4(200-290) minutes and 158.3(130-180) minutes for unilateral repair respectively. The mean length of hospital stay was 10.55 (7-15) days. Major complications included two persistent VURs, and one case of bladder hematoma. Postoperative ultrasound abdomen in all patients and micturating cystourethrogram in few patients was obtained, in which 38 patients (95%) had normal study.

Conclusion: Cohen’s uretric reimplantation is a standard procedure in paediatric VUR. For better outcome, patient selection and refinement of operative technique should be pursued.
Status of Parcel Fragmentation in Nepal
Authors: Singh Air Dr. Bharat
Published: December 2022

transfer, mortgage their own land. Parcel fragmentation is the division of a parcel into two or more parcels. This research was carried out to analyse the current status of parcel fragmentation in Nepal. According to the findings of this research, parcel fragmentation in Nepal is haphazard mainly focussing on urban and peri urban arears consequently parcel being irregular in shape & smaller in size and ultimately incrementing huge number of land owners with in fixed area. In the context of Nepal, factors that drive parcel fragmentation are cultural, social, legal, economical, frequent disasters, geographic variations, unmanaged migrations, haphazard land use planning amongst others. The uncontrolled and unmanaged parcel fragmentation in Nepal is the major challenge for land use planning and its implementation. Dense parcel fragmentation has created land related disputes. it is recommended that the government should reformulate and implement the proper land use policy as well as its supporting acts that encourage landconsolidation in agricultural zone and reducing haphazard parcel fragmentation in urban and peri urban areas.
Impact of the Targeted Extension Program on Rice Productivity in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Ghosh Parijat , Babu Suresh , Debnath Deepayan , Paneru Khyam
Published: December 2022

Background: Based on a randomized experiment by treating one group of farmers with an extension package and the other group as usual in Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu, India, we examined the impact of the targeted extension package on farmers’ rice yield.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether the chosen targeted extension package would significantly increase farmers’ rice yields or not.

Materials and Methods: We estimated a multiple linear regression model to determine the effect of several independent variables, including plot size, amount of money borrowed, and farmers’ income on the rice yield.

Results: We found that the rice yield among the farmers who received the extension package had increased compared to the group of farmers with no extension support. The regression coefficient of extension (1 = yes, 0 = no) is statistically significant (p-value = 0.063) at a 10% level of significance.

Conclusion: Assessing the impact of the targeted extension package on the farmers is important in utilizing good agricultural practices to increase rice productivity. We concluded that a targeted extension program is crucial for increasing rice yield among rural farmers in Southern India.

 Keywords: Farm income, randomized control trial, rice yield, southern India, targeted extension.
Inverse Exponentiated Odd Lomax Exponential Distribution: Properties and Applications
Authors: Chaudhary Arun Kumar , Telee Lal Babu Sah , Kumar Vijay
Published: December 2022

Background:  New family of distributions has important functions in generalization of distributions by modifying some existing distributions for getting more flexible irrespective to applied and practical view point. The Inverse Exponentiated Odd Lomax Exponential Distribution (IEOLE) having four parameters is suggested. Proposed model is based on T-X family of distribution which is the extended form of beta-generated distribution. Based on the LSE, MLE, and CVM methods, the parameters of the proposed distribution are estimated. Different model validation criteria and model comparisons are done by considering other existing models.

Materials and methods: IEOLE is compound distribution derived by using theoretical concept of Odd Lomax Exponential distribution and T-X family of distribution. The parameters of the proposed distribution are estimated through the least square, Cramer–Von Mises and maximum likelihood methods. The applicability of the proposed model is evaluated using R programming on two real-life time data sets.

Results: The statistical properties and different characteristics like the hazard rate function, the cumulative distribution function, quantile function, skewness, and kurtosis of the proposed model are discussed. Box plots, TTT plot, density fits etc. shows that the proposed model fits better to considered two real data sets. Different model validation criteria such as AIC, BIC, and CAIC are obtained and compared with some existing well-known probability distributions.

Conclusion: This study presents new probability model called Inverse Exponentiated Odd Lomax Exponential distribution. The density curves of the model show that it is unimodal having right skewed. The suggested model has proven to be versatile for modeling real-world data due to its increasing-decreasing, right-skewed form. Also, the hazard rate function (HRF) graph is decreasing, decreasing-increasing or inverted bathtub shaped according to the value of the model constants. Different validation criteria show that the suggested model fits data well and the goodness-of-fit shows that proposed model has lesser test statistic value and higher p- value with respect to some existing models.
On the Use of Logistic Regression Model and its Comparison with Log-binomial Regression Model in the Analysis of Poverty Data of Nepal
Authors: Acharya Krishna Prasad , Khanal Shankar Prasad , Chhetry Devendra
Published: December 2022

Background: Previous literatures have indicated that log-binomial regression model is an alternative for the logistic regression model for frequent occurrence of event of outcome. The comparison of the performance of these two models has been found with reference to clinical/epidemiological data. Nonetheless, the application of log-binomial model and its comparison with the logistic model for poverty data has not been described. 

Objective: To compare logistic and log-binomial regression model in terms of variable selection, effect size, precision of effect size, goodness of fit, diagnostics, stability of the model, and the issue of failure convergence.

Materials and Methods: Cross sectional data of 5988 households of Nepal Living Standard Survey 2010/11 has been used for the analysis. The performance of logistic and log-binomial model has been compared in terms of variable selection, effect size, and its precision for each covariate, goodness of fit using Hosmer - Lemeshow (H-L) test, diagnostics of the model, stability of the model using bootstrapping method, and the issue of failure convergence.

Results: Logistic model overestimates the effect size, yields wider 95% confidence interval than that of log - binomial model for each covariate. The greater elevation in risk for covariates varies from 13% to 173%. Logistic model satisfies goodness of fit of the model (p = 0.534), diagnostics tests, and stability of the model. However, log-binomial model grossly violates the goodness of fit of the model (p = 0.0004) but satisfies the model diagnostics and stability criteria.

Conclusion: Log-binomial model satisfies all criteria for model development and diagnostics except gross violation in goodness of fit of the model. However, logistic regression model satisfies all the criteria including goodness of fit of the model. On the basis of the entire comparison of model performance, logistic regression model is better fitted than the log-binomial model in fitting the poverty data set of Nepal.
Consumer’s Perception towards Use of Mobile Applications for Online Shopping in the Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Dhungana Sashwat , Devkota Niranjan , Paudel Udaya Raj , Parajuli Seeprata , Upretee Sahadeb , Dhakal Krishna , Mahato Surendra
Published: December 2022

Background: Mobile devices have created a new channel for retailers to provide more targeted offerings to their customers. Online purchasing is the method of gaining knowledge of and purchasing merchandise or offerings over the Internet.

Objective: This study aims to investigate online shopping users' perceptions by determining the factors that drive buyers towards shopping in the Kathmandu Valley.

Methods: By adopting a descriptive and causal research design, the researchers collected data using non-probability sampling from 403 respondents in Kathmandu Valley with the help of KOBO Toolbox. A structured checklist is the main research instrument used for data collection. We analyzed the obtained data by using SPSS and AMOS software inferentially. For the hypothesis testing, we analyzed data using SEM.

Results: SEM result indicates previous online shopping experience, and consumer lifestyle (CL) have a significant relationship with consumers' attitude (CA) and online purchasing intention (OPI).

Conclusions: Consumers' perception towards online shopping differs according to their attitude, experience and lifestyle. However, poor quality of products, hidden costs and timely delivery of the products and services are major challenges faced by customers during online shopping. To ensure the growth of online shopping in Kathmandu Valley, the government should pay attention to legislation linked to online shopping, selling quality items and providing secure online payment.
Workplace Bullying and Turnover Intention: Moderating Role of Abusive Supervision among Employees of Nepali Commercial Banks
Authors: Pokhrel Laxman , Bista Bimarsh , Giri Bishnu
Published: December 2022

Background: Organizations are facing many explicit and implicit costs associated with the voluntary turnover of high-performing employees. Voluntary turnover is detrimental to organizational growth and success. Therefore, employers and practitioners try to understand what motivates people to leave. Negative employee behaviors such as workplace bullying and abusive supervision have been identified as critical variables for employee motivation to leave.

Purpose: The purpose of the paper was to investigate the moderating role of Abusive Supervision in relation to Workplace Bullying and Turnover Intention among employees in Nepali Commercial Banks.

Research Methodology: This paper applied a quantitative approach and cross-sectional survey research design to investigate the research objective. The convenience sampling method was employed to research employees of different commercial banks. Data were collected from 202 employees via self-administered questionnaires. Covariance-Based Structure Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) was applied to examine research hypotheses.

Results: The result showed that Workplace Bullying positively influences Turnover Intention among employees of Nepali commercial banks. Also, the result showed that Abusive Supervision moderates the relationship between Workplace Bullying and Turnover Intention.

Conclusion: According to the paper, employees of Nepali commercial banks intend to leave their respective banks if they experience Workplace Bullying at a different level of Abusive Supervision. Increasing Abusive Supervision in the presence of Workplace Bullying increases the intention of leaving commercial banks.

Implications: This paper has two implications. Theoretically, this paper provides a critical juncture for Nepali researchers by investing in moderating the role of Abusive Supervision on turnover intention. Managerially, it is imperative for organizations to invest in enriching their employees by creating a work environment free of bullying and abusive supervision.

Originality: This paper stands at a critical juncture in Nepali research because it is among the fewest studies investigating the moderating role of abusive supervision on workplace bullying and turnover intention.
Responding to the Conflict of Interest Risks in Central and Eastern Europe: Case of Slovenia
Authors: Letnar Černič Jernej , Kovač Polonca
Published: December 2022

Prohibition of conflict of interest prevents abuses of the rule of law in modern constitutional democracies. As a result, is ensures that persons working in state institutions do not use their posts and functions for private gain. The experience from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) illustrates that state authorities have in the past faced challenges in how to internalise the prohibition of conflict of interest. Literature from CEE on the prohibition of conflict of interest has been scarse. Consequently, this paper aims to address this gap by examining the experience of the Slovenian state in coping with the risks arising from conflict of interest. It discusses and analyses on one hand theoretical and normative underpinnings of the prohibition of conflict of interest in the Slovenian, European and international frameworks. On the other hand, it examines the recent practice of administrative and judicial bodies concerning the prohibition of conflict of interest. It finds that normative frameworks in the Slovenian constitutional framework have been reformed in recent years. Nonetheless, there is still a risk of potential and actual conflict of interest for the implementation of the rule of law in state institutions. The normative prohibition appears not to have been fully internalised in the practice of state institutions. As a result, the authors submit that state institutions should not turn a blind eye to the risk of conflict of interest in order to show willingness to strengthen the rule of law in the Slovenian constitutional democracy. The Slovenian normative and empirical experience shows lessons that can be taken up in the constitutional democracies of Central and Eastern Europe experiencing similar challenges.
A Study on Conflicts Related to Military Real Estate Facilities: Focusing on Measures to Manage Conflicts Related to Military Ammunition Storage Facilities
Authors:   Korea Real Estate Academy, Shim Jae Jeong
Published: December 2022

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to contribute to national defense policies by analyzing the status of conflicts between the private and the military over military ammunition storage facilities and deriving the direction of policies for promoting effective conflict management methods and the optimization of the protection zone of military installations. (2) RESEARCH METHOD Three ammunition supply point (ASP)-level ammunition storage facility units, where conflicts were resolved or in progress, were selected and their conflict management status was analyzed, and literature review and interview with the relevant personnel were conducted at the same time. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS It was found that the conflicts can be managed effectively if the private-military joint areas are expanded through the application of the service distance to the existing ammunition storage facilities; the protection zone is reduced through the expansion of underground ammunition storage facilities; and if the cooperation system among the private, the government, and the military is reinforced. 2. RESULTS The military should continue to make efforts to supplement the operation system and improve facilities, alleviate and release the protection zone of military installations, and strengthen ties with the local community in order to properly manage the conflicts related to ammunition storage facilities.
Status and challenges of banking sector in Gujarat
Authors: Desai Bhavesh N.
Published: December 2022

The place of banks is considered very important in the present industrial age. Because it performs valuable services that are very important in our economic life. In the early stages of development, a single bank performed many types of operations, but with the passage of time, as the spectrum of economic activity began to expand, it became impossible for a single bank to perform many types of operations. As a result, specialization took place in the banking activity over time and gradually a customized banking structure began to develop and today various specialized banks have come into existence everywhere to provide financial facilities to different economic activities as per their requirements. This paper has attempted to examine the four key indicators of the banking sector such as number of branches, deposit and credit ratio and ATM status. After the economic reform, there is an improvement in the position of the private sector compared to the public sector in these matters.
Abstract in Gujarati Language:
વર્તમાન ઔદ્યોગિક યુગમાં બેન્કોનું સ્થાન અત્યંત મહત્વપૂર્ણ ગણવામાં આવે છે. કારણ કે આપણા આર્થિક જીવનમાં જેનું ખૂબ જ મહત્વ રહેલું છે તેવી મૂલ્યવાન સેવાઓ બજાવવાનું કાર્ય તે કરે છે. વિકાસના પ્રથમ તબક્કામાં એક જ બેંક અનેક પ્રકારની કામગીરી કરતી હતી પરંતુ સમયની સાથે સાથે જેમ જેમ આર્થિક પ્રવૃત્તિનું ફલક વિસ્તરવા લાગ્યું તેમ તેમ કોઈ એક બેંક માટે અનેક પ્રકારની કામગીરી કરવાનું અશક્ય બન્યું. પરિણામે સમય જતા બેન્કિંગ પ્રવૃતિમાં વિશિષ્ટિકરણે સ્થાન લીધું અને ધીમે ધીમે વૈવિધ્યપૂર્ણ બેન્કિંગ માળખાનો વિકાસ થવા લાગ્યો અને આજે સર્વત્ર જુદી જુદી આર્થિક પ્રવૃતિને તેની જરૂરીયાત અનુસાર નાણાકીય સવલતો પૂરી પાડવા માટે અનેકવિધ વિશિષ્ટ બેંકો અસ્તિત્વમાં આવી છે. બેન્કિંગક્ષેત્રના ચાર મુખ્ય નિર્દેશકો જેવા કે શાખાઓનું પ્રમાણ, થાપણ અને શાખનું પ્રમાણ તેમજ એટીએમની સ્થિતિ તપાસવાનો આ પેપરમાં પ્રયત્ન કરવામાં આવ્યો છે. આર્થિક સુધારા બાદ આ બાબતોમાં જાહેરક્ષેત્રની તુલનાએ ખાનગીક્ષેત્રની સ્થિતિમાં સુધારો જોવા મળે છે.
Keywords: બેન્કિંગ શાખા, થાપણ, ધિરાણ, શાખ, એટીએમ
Performance Analysis of State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Models in the Visual-Based Apparent Personality Detection
Authors: W. M. K. S. Ilmini  , TGI Fernando
Published: December 2022

This paper analyses the performances of pre-trained deep learning models as feature extractors forapparent personality trait detection (APD) by utilising different statistical methods to find the bestperforming pre-trained model. Accuracy and computational cost were used to measure the modelperformance. Personality is measured using the Big Five Personality Schema. CNN-RNN networks weredesigned using VGG19, ResNet152, and VGGFace pre-trained models to measure the personality withscene data. The models were compared using the mean accuracy attained and the average time is taken fortraining and testing. Descriptive statistics, graphs, and inferential statistics were applied in modelcomparisons. Results convey that, ResNet152 model reported the highest mean accuracy in the test dataset(0.9077), followed by VGG19 with 0.9036; VGGFace recorded the lowest (0.8962). ResNet152 consumedmore time than other architectures in model training and testing since the number of parameters iscomparably higher than the other two architectures involved. Statistical test results prove no significantevidence to conclude that VGG19 and ResNet152 based CNN-RNN models performed differently. Thisleads to the conclusion that even with a comparably lower number of parameters VGG19 model performedwell. The findings reveal that satisfactory accuracy is obtained with a limited number of frames extractedfrom videos since models achieved more than 90% accuracy.
Assessment of Food Safety Knowledge of Food Handlers and the Level of Implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices at Restaurants in Kegalle District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Lahiru Chandoda Nawarathne  , Piyumi Chathurangi Wanniarachchi  , Hashan Savinda Peiris  , Piumi De. Abrew Abeysundara
Published: December 2022

The study aims to assess the food safety knowledge of restaurant owners/head chefs and toinvestigate the current level of implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in restaurants inKegalle District, Sri Lanka. Data were collected from a convenient sample of 100 respondents (50 ownersand 50 head chefs) of 50 restaurants in the Kegalle District using both researcher and self-administeredquestionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using Minitab (16/17) and the Microsoft Excel softwarepackages. The General and in-depth food safety knowledge of the respondents were tested using a selfadministeredquestionnaire which consisted of 24 questions. The GMP implementation was evaluatedusing a checklist consisting of 40 major Good Manufacturing Practices. The results indicate that the foodsafety knowledge of the respondents (restaurant owners and head chefs) increased with their educationlevel and level of training. The mean in-depth knowledge score of the respondents was significantlydifferent (p < 0.05) from that of their mean general knowledge of food safety. Results indicate that 22%of the respondents have never attended any training sessions or open seminars related to food safety andshowed poor knowledge, especially on aspects such as correct temperature control during handling food.The level of GMP implementation increased with restaurant owners' in-depth and total food safetyknowledge. The food safety knowledge of head chefs did not seem to affect the level of GMPimplementation at restaurants. Since the GMP implementation at restaurants is mostly affected by therestaurant owner’s knowledge and skills, the authors recommend conducting training sessions or openseminars to upgrade their in-depth and total knowledge of food safety.
Facebook As a Supporting Tool for Enhancing Social Interaction Skills in A Physics Teaching Subject
Authors: Ms. Samita  , Dr. Amit Kauts
Published: December 2022

In 21st century, a lot of importance has been given to information and communication technology(ICTs). Integrating technological tools into a pedagogical world has gained a lot of importanceeverywhere. During Covid-19 situation, various online platforms are being used to teach the physicssubject in schools. But it has been seen that these platforms don’t help to inculcate social interaction skillsamong students. Social interaction skills comprised of communication skills, collaborative skills, criticalthinking skills, problem solving skills etc. This paper highlights the utilization of ICTs and social mediaplatform such as Facebook that helps to develop social interaction skills among Physics students. Thispaper examines Facebook group as a better alternative in place of LMS. Descriptive survey design wasadopted for the study. The population consisted of 100 secondary school students studying Physics subject.A sample was sub-divided into two groups- Facebook group (50 students) and LMS group (50 students).A structured questionnaires tagged Influence of Facebook on Social Interaction Skills Questionnaire andInfluence of LMS on Social Interaction Skills Questionnaire were used to collect data from therespondents. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the collected data in order to test thehypotheses. The findings revealed that Facebook group usage had significantly positive influence on socialinteraction skills as compared to LMS group among Physics secondary school students. It was concludedthat Facebook when used effectively helped to improve social interaction skills among Physics students.Social media platforms like Facebook can be used to present the e-modules related to subject course inthe sequence and provide opportunities to students’ for answering in real time situation. Therefore, thispaper emphasis on developing social interaction skills among physics students through collaboration ofvarious ICT tools and social media platforms.

Keywords: Physics, Facebook, Social interaction skills, LMS, e-learning environment
The Mediating Role of Culture in the Relationship Between Servant Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: ÖRNEK Ali Şahin , PAZARCIK Yener , EROĞLU Umut , ŞAMDAN Ahmet İhsan
Published: December 2022

Culture is an important concept that expresses the values of individuals and directs life. While this is the case in social life, a similar evaluation is in question for organizations as well. Because culture is an important factor that shapes the perceptions and therefore the behaviors of the members of the organization. In other words, culture can be characterized as one of the determinants of individual, social and business life. Although leadership is a position that has a decisive effect on the activities of an organization, the perception of leadership in the minds of the members of the organization is effective in showing behaviors beyond expectations along with the behaviors expected from them. Servant leadership in businesses as an organization is also effective in exhibiting organizational citizenship behavior as a behavior beyond expectations. Servant leadership is considered as a type of leadership that dedicates itself to the members of the organization and puts them first. Servant leadership, which is an example of the relationship between the followers and the leader, can be considered as an interaction led by the leader. In this study, it is aimed to discuss the relationship between servant leadership perception and organizational citizenship behavior in the context of employees' cultural characteristics. In accordance with the purpose, a survey was carried out in a large-scale company operating in the building products sector. 76 employees participated in the research. Hypotheses were tested within the framework of the obtained data. It has been determined that there is a significant relationship between servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. It has been observed that the cultural characteristics of the employees play a mediating role between servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior.
Seed Quality and Seedling Vigor in Peanut affected by Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Authors: Moreno L. , Pilon C. , Suassuna T.M.F.
Published: December 2022

Germination and vigor are physiological components of seed quality that contribute to a successful plant emergence under a wide range of environmental conditions. Many biotic and abiotic factors can affect seed quality. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) causes one of the most relevant problems in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), the tomato spotted wilt disease (TSW). Although TSW is not transmitted by seed, the presence of symptoms on the seed coat may impact seed quality and there is a lack of information on the effect of this disease on peanut seed quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TSW symptoms on the seed coat on the physiological seed quality of peanut genotypes. Seeds from five peanut genotypes were separated into two symptomology groups, asymptomatic and symptomatic for TSW. Germination and vigor tests were performed on seeds and seedlings. Germination and normal seedling development were not affected by TSW. Radicle length and seedling weight were mainly impacted by genotype, with little effect from TSW. Vigor differences were likely more related to the given genotype innate susceptibility to TSW during seed formation than the actual presence of TSW symptoms on the seed coat. Overall, the presence of symptoms on the seed coat did not affect the seed physiological quality of peanut genotypes, except for the TSWV susceptible cultivar ‘SunOleic 97R’.
Peanut Cultivar Response to Diclosulam in the Southwest Peanut Growing Region
Authors: W.J. Grichar W.J. , Dotray P.A. , Baughman T.A.
Published: December 2022

Field experiments were conducted in the south Texas and Texas High Plains area during the 2018 through 2020 growing seasons and in southwestern Oklahoma in 2020 to evaluate runner peanut cultivars (Georgia-13M, Georgia-09B) and the Spanish cultivar (Ole´) tolerance to diclosulam at 0.026 (the manufacture’s recommended use rate) and 0.052 (twice the manufacture’s recommended use rate) kg ai/ha applied preemergence (PRE) or peanut cracking (CRACK). No diclosulam injury was noted in south Texas; however, in the Texas High Plains and Oklahoma locations significant stunting was noted with diclosulam applied PRE especially under sprinkler irrigation. In 2018 at the High Plains location, under furrow irrigation, no peanut stunting was noted. In 2019 and 2020, under sprinkler irrigation, diclosulam at 0.026 and 0.052 kg/ha applied PRE resulted in early-season stunting of 18 to 59% in both Oklahoma and the Texas High Plains. No late-season stunting was noted in Oklahoma; however, up to 20% stunting was still visible at the Texas High Plains location. No yield differences were noted in south Texas or the High Plains region in 2018 or 2020; however, in 2019 at the High Plains location, peanut yield decreased as diclosulam rate increased but application timing had no effect. At the Oklahoma location, application timing and rate effect were noted. Diclosulam applied PRE and the high rate of diclosulam reduced peanut yield. Issues still exist with diclosulam in the southwest peanut growing areas as seen previously in 2000 despite the different varieties planted. There may be opportunities to utilize diclosulam postemergence (POST) since peanut injury was 5% or less and yields were not reduced when applied CRACK.
General Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Field Resistance among Spanish and Valencia Market Type Peanut Cultivars.
Authors: Branch W.D. , Brown N. , Culbreath A.K. , Brenneman T.B.
Published: December 2022

During 2016 through 2020, field tests were conducted to determine general Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) resistance among seven spanish and seven valencia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars. These tests were planted early in April each year to enhance tomato spotted wilt (TSW) disease pressure at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. TSW disease incidence was first assessed at about midseason (60 DAP), and total disease (TD) incidence which was primarily TSW was again assessed prior to digging. The five-year average results showed significant differences (P≤0.05) among the spanish-type cultivars. The lowest TSW and TD incidence was found with the TSWV-resistant spanish cultivar, ‘Georgia-17SP’. This cultivar also produced the highest pod yield, total sound mature kernel (TSMK) grade, and gross dollar value returns per hectare. The five-year average results among the valencia-type cultivars also showed significant differences. The lowest TSW and TD incidence was found with the moderately TSWV-resistant valencia cultivar ‘Georgia-Val/HO’. This cultivar also produced the highest pod yield, TSMK grade, and dollar value return. These new Georgia cultivars are not the traditional spanish and valencia-types; however, pod and seed traits meet or exceed the criteria for each market type, respectively.
RESEARCH MOTIVATION OF PHD STUDENTS UNDER MARTIAL LAW: CHALLENGES AND WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Boichenko Maryna
Published: December 2022

The article presents research results on exploring the impact of martial law on research motivation of PhD students of Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A.S. Makarenko majoring in specialty 011 Educational, Pedagogical Sciences. The study was conducted among the first-fourth year PhD students of the 2018-2021 years of admission and involved 22 participants. The results of conducted surveys, observations and interviews proved significant decrease in PhD students’ motivation for research caused by war in Ukraine. These findings were confirmed by the annual report of postgraduate students at the meeting of the Chair of Pedagogy, which demonstrated a significant decrease in their research activity for the second half of the 2021-2022 academic year. The problems affecting research motivation were identified: emotional state deterioration; slow Internet connection; difficulties with research organization (lack of a computer, laptop; impossibility to engage in research work due to lack of necessary living conditions; lack of scientific events in which it would be possible to present the results of one’s research; impossibility of conducting the experiment; destruction of archives; loss of collected material). The ways to improve PhD students’ motivation for research are proposed: strengthening consulting, informational, psychological support for PhD students; involving psychological service in providing PhD students with psychological support; organization of scientific events for approbation of postgraduate students’ research results and providing them with opportunities for creative self-realization; continuing the practice of holding scientific schools for PhD students; changing research topics and research supervisors and so on.
EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT: ACCESSABILITY AND SAFETY
Authors: Bilyakovska Olha , Horuk Nataliya , Karamanov Oleksiy
Published: December 2022

Russia's military aggression against Ukraine has challenged the whole existence of our state, its sovereignty, unity and has caused a number of serious problems for the national education system, which are associated with the large-scale destruction of educational institutions, forced displacement of all the participants of the educational process both within Ukraine and abroad, as well as limited access to education for many Ukrainian schoolchildren and students in terms of wellbeing and safety. 

Despite the negative consequences of the military actions, a number of international organizations emphasize the importance of continuing education in crisis situations. Thus, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine developed a number of educational projects to meet the key priorities of educational policy for the period of martial law. One of the aspects in ensuring effective educational process is the creation of a safe, accessible educational environment, comfortable for all participants in the educational process, necessary for sustainable functioning and development.

Under the accessible educational environment in the times of war we understand the system of psychological and pedagogical conditions aimed at organizing safe educational interaction of the participants in the educational process; creating opportunities for equal access to education for all school-age children both in educational institutions (in person) and remotely.

The main principles of creating an accessible educational environment are: integrativity, differentiation, individualization, practical orientation, adaptability.
EUROPEAN TEACHING EXCELLENCE FOR STUDENTS' BETTER PERFORMANCE: WHAT IS TEACHERS’ FEEDBACK ON JEAN MONNET MODULE?
Authors: Zabolotna Oksana , Lokshyna Olena
Published: December 2022

The article provides information about Jean Monnet Module ‘European Teaching Excellence for Students' Better Performance' (2020-2023) in terms of its contents, objectives, and outcomes. The Module addresses a better understanding of European policies and effective practices for developing key competencies and basic skills for lifelong learning, and it targets teachers as key change agents. The authors focus on the participants' feedback to improve the Module's key components.
The Role of Non-State Pension Funds in Ensuring the Socio-Economic Development of the Country
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Borysiuk O.
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Introduction. With the constant growth of the deficit in the financing of pension benefits and the real threat of the state's inability to guarantee pensions, the role of the private pension system is growing. The burden on the state pension system leads to an increase in the financial burden for individuals and legal entities, due to increased contributions to the state Pension Fund, which leads to a decrease in the amount of financial resources for the development of its activities. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of private pension funds in the current socio-economic development of the country.Results. The effective functioning of the national economy depends on the level of financial security of various economic entities. With the help of mobilization of their funds there is an active distribution and redistribution of financial resources between different sectors of the economy. A developed system of financial institutions is needed to develop the process of accumulation of free money. They are the ones who transfer capital from those who have savings and those who need it. Among many types of financial institutions, private pension funds deserve considerable attention. Given the practical absence of a funded system of compulsory state pension insurance, as well as the insufficient level of funding for the solidarity system, they contribute to improving the economic well-being of the population. By concluding an agreement with the NPF, each citizen can determine the amount of future additional non-state pension benefits. Thus, without the effective functioning of the third level of the pension system, the financial security of the population in old age will be minimal, which will reduce the economic development of Ukraine as a whole. Conclusions. For the effective functioning of the NPF network in Ukraine it is necessary: - ensure transparency of NPF activities and increase protection of the rights of their participants; - to establish a fund for guaranteeing pension contributions of participants, which would return part of such contributions in case of bankruptcy of the selected NPF. This would increase public confidence in these financial institutions; - to improve and modernize the regulatory framework related to NPF risk management; - take measures to improve the financial literacy of the population and increase public interest in participating in the private pension system; - reduce the taxation of payments to NPF participants when they reach retirement age; - provide tax benefits for legal entities - founders of NPFs, with a significant number of participants; - to ensure the development of the financial market in Ukraine, which will expand the range of financial instruments in which NPFs can invest.