bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Biblioteca Nacional de Antropología e Historia de México: un legado del nacionalismo porfiriano
Authors: Bueno Christina
Published: March 2023

El historiador y arqueólogo mexicano Francisco del Paso y Troncoso (1842-1916) fue una figura extraordinaria: en 1892 dejó su posición de director del Museo Nacional Mexicano y se lanzó a una tarea de la cual nunca habría de volver. El gobierno de México lo envió en una misión especial a transcribir todo documento relacionado con el pasado de la nación mexicana que pudiera encontrar en las bibliotecas europeas. Gran parte de las fuentes materiales de México —manuscritos, códices, mapas— se encontraban en archivos y otros depósitos extranjeros; el trabajo de Del Paso consistía en recuperarlos. El dedicado historiador trabajó noche y día, apenas dormía y comía, sufría de pobreza y mala salud y tenía ineptos asistentes de investigación. Así sacrificó los últimos veinticuatro años de su vida, copiando una cantidad masiva de textos, incluyendo obras tan importantes como la Historia general de la Nueva España —también conocida como el Códice Florentino— del monje del siglo XVI Bernardino de Sahagún. Del Paso no volvió a ver su tierra natal, pues murió en Florencia, Italia, en 1916. Las cajas que contenían sus notas de investigación, junto con sus desgastados trajes, fueron enviadas muchos años más tarde por barco a México.
Las bibliotecas durante el peronismo, 1946-1955
Authors: Fiorucci Flavia
Published: March 2023

El 13 de mayo de 1955, fue intervenida la Biblioteca Nacional y se nombró a un nuevo director. El decreto que autorizó dicho proceder se justificó por la necesidad de adecuar dicha institución a los objetivos de la doctrina justicialista, dado que hasta entonces la misma tan solo «coadyuvó a la formación de generaciones de argentinos de un sectarismo dogmáticos», cuyos responsables eran «los núcleos gobernantes de la tradicional oligarquía». La intervención tenía, por lo tanto, el expreso objetivo de «reactualizar el sentido ecuménico de [la] estructura [de la biblioteca] para armonizarlo con la cultura autóctona y el carácter orgánico de la doctrina nacional creada por el justicialismo, y […] encauzar su actividad [de acuerdo con] los enunciados fundamentales de la Revolución Justicialista que determina que todos los instrumentos de la cultura deben constituirse, actuar y proyectarse en función de un servicio social», tal como estaba estipulado en el Segundo Plan Quinquenal.
Calendario, presagios y oráculos en el mundo inca
Authors: Zuidema R. Tom
Published: March 2023

El presente trabajo está enfocado en la función e importancia del calendario y la organización de las generaciones en el sistema político del Cuzco, con el propósito de entender una presunta práctica incaica de predecir el futuro. Analizaremos ciertas afirmaciones de cronistas, especialmente de un autor temprano como Betanzos, sobre predicciones en tiempos prehispánicos (Betanzos 1987). En cuanto a la organización espacio-temporal del calendario, nos referiremos a las conclusiones de nuestro estudio sobre este tema (The Inca Calendar), ya sugeridas en otras oportunidades (Zuidema 1986; 1989; 1991).
Los oráculos en la historia andina (siglos XV-XVII)
Authors: Huertas Vallejos Lorenzo
Published: March 2023

El Perú es un país de geografía compleja. Tiene ocho regiones naturales con ochenta y cuatro zonas de vida. En este espacio multiforme vivían antes de la presencia hispana muchos grupos étnicos, cada uno con sus dioses creadores, sus héroes culturales y sus pacarinas o centros de creación. La historia de estas naciones es milenaria, y sobre este largo proceso la investigación arqueológica e histórica ha evidenciado un sinnúmero de formas de organización social desde la horda hasta el Estado imperial, pasando por curacazgos, señoríos, confederaciones y reinos.
Huarivilca y Urochombe : historia colonial de un oráculo andino
Authors: de la Puente Luna José Carlos
Published: March 2023

La paulatina derrota del Estado inca luego de la Conquista significó la desestructuración de la antigua red estatal de santuarios regionales que articulaba el paisaje sagrado de los Andes centrales. Muchas de estas huacas cayeron en el olvido. Aquellas que sobrevivieron durante el siglo XVII limitaron su esfera de influencia en términos geográficos y humanos, y se adaptaron a las condiciones desplegadas a partir de 1532. Me propongo discutir en este artículo las evidencias acerca de uno de estos casos o, lo que es lo mismo, lo que entiendo por el derrotero colonial de un oráculo de alcance regional.
Comentario a Rosemary Thorp : razones de la desigualdad
Authors: Iguíñiz Javier
Published: March 2023

A partir del ensayo de la doctora Rosemary Thorp, quiero reflexionar sobre cuatro puntos. Mi primer comentario se refiere a los coeficientes Gini de los años 1980 y 1990. Leyendo la literatura al respecto, tengo la impresión de que un factor que está prácticamente ausente en los estudios que se están haciendo para explicar la trayectoria de la distribución del ingreso en América Latina es la serie de políticas de estabilización en principio antiinflacionarios durante esa época.
Conflictos bélicos en el siglo XXI
Authors: Kahhat Farid
Published: March 2023

Hace aproximadamente un año, un ex canciller del gobierno de Alberto Fujimori sostuvo en una entrevista televisiva literalmente lo siguiente: «Las guerras desde el final de la Guerra Fría hasta hoy han aumentado en el mundo, no han disminuido: hemos sido testigos de muchos más conflictos». ¿Cuán ciertas son esas afirmaciones? En la literatura académica se establece un umbral convencional en materia de definiciones: un conflicto armado solo califica como una guerra cuando los combates producen al menos mil muertes por año.
Los conflictos sociales en el Perú : una aproximación
Authors: Luque Mogrovejo Rolando
Published: March 2023

De no mediar una mayúscula sorpresa, el Perú se apresta a vivir por primera vez en su historia un tercer periodo democrático continuo. Las luchas sin cuartel de los caudillos y los sucesivos golpes de Estado cancelaban, cada tanto, los intentos por sembrar en la república ideas e instituciones democráticas. La herencia, obviamente, no podía ser otra que una sociedad desigual, con sectores ajenos al modelo político y económico, un Estado que no termina de cambiar y una cultura política sin los nutrientes necesarios para impulsar un proyecto democrático auspicioso.
Desigualdad económica y conflicto social
Authors: Schuldt Jürgen
Published: March 2023

A pesar del sostenido auge macroeconómico de los últimos años, venimos experimentando un proceso aparentemente paradójico de movilizaciones y protestas sociales que no se daban desde hace tres décadas. Esto no solo se debe a la generalizada pobreza absoluta, sino principalmente a la extrema desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso y de los activos. El gobierno está perplejo ante esta 'intranquilidad social', la que atribuye candorosamente a 'minorías extremistas'.
Una rebelión a la deriva : fisuras y represión realista en Tacna, 1811
Authors: Seiner Lizárraga Lizardo
Published: March 2023

En el pueblo de San Pedro de Tacna, entre el jueves 20 y el domingo 23 de junio de 1811 se produjo un levantamiento armado dirigido contra las autoridades peninsulares y encabezado por un pequeño grupo de rebeldes, compuesto por criollos, mestizos e indígenas. La acción se produjo en directa coordinación con el ejército enviado por la Junta de Gobierno de Buenos Aires, que se hallaba acantonado en el Alto Perú desde fines de 1810 bajo el mando de Juan José Castelli.
El clero ilustrado en tiempo de Abascal
Authors: Klaiber Jeffrey L.
Published: March 2023

Durante el regimen contrarrevolucionario del virrey Abascal, la Iglesia desempeñó un papel decisivo a favor o en contra de la independencia. En este capítulo subrayaremos la actuación del clero ilustrado en la independencia del virreinato del Perú y las audiencias de Charcas, Ecuador y Chile. Aunque ni Charcas (el Alto Perú o Bolivia), ni Chile ni Quito pertenecían al virreinato peruano cuando estallaron los primeros movimientos proindependentistas, Abascal envió expediciones a esos territorios con el fin de aplastar dichos movimientos. De esa manera, Lima se convirtió nuevamente en el centro del poder realista no solo en el virreinato peruano, sino también en las regiones que una vez habían pertenecido al virreinato. La Audiencia de Quito pasó a formar parte del virreinato de Nueva Granada en 1739 y Chile dejó de ser una Capitanía General bajo Lima en 1798. Por su parte, la Real Audiencia de Charcas pasó a formar parte del nuevo virreinato de La Plata en 1776, pero, en reacción a los brotes de rebelión en Chuquisaca y La Paz en 1809, Abascal anexó Charcas al Perú nuevamente en 1810. Finalmente, haremos una breve alusión al clero en la independencia de México con el fin de comparar su actuación con la del clero del virreinato peruano.
Abascal y el fantasma de las conspiraciones
Authors: O'Phelan Scarlett
Published: March 2023

El virrey Fernando de Abascal, al abandonar el Perú en 1816, hizo hincapié en lo poco que le importaban las ácidas críticas que se habían desatado contra su gestión política - particularmente en la coyuntura de las Cortes de Cádizya que tenía en su haber, «la gloria de haber sido el único punto de apoyo que ha sostenido y sostiene a esta América del Sur, (eso) nadie me lo puede oscurecer» (Díaz Venteo, 1948: 17). Se ha señalado que, probablemente, de no ser por la mano férrea del virrey, Lima no se hubiera convertido en el bastión realista por excelencia, de donde salieron las tropas encargadas de sofocar los brotes insurgentes que estallaron en los virreinatos vecinos del Río de la Plata y Nueva Granada; además de la capitanía general de Chile.
La situación de Chiloé durante las guerras de independencia
Authors: Urbina Carrasco María Ximena
Published: March 2023

En el territorio del virreinato del Perú, la independencia política respecto de España terminó de completarse militarmente con la rendición de la fortaleza del Callao, el 15 de enero de 1826 y el mismo día, pero a 3 500 km de distancia, con la de Chiloé, una provincia archipielágica por entonces de cerca de 36 000 habitantes, casi la mitad de ellos indígenas, y 9 000 km2. A la plaza y a la provincia se les ha llamado «últimos reductos españoles en América» (Fernández, 1992). Se habla de «último reducto», de «bastión español», de «baluarte». El historiador Diego Barros Arana estudió tempranamente, en 1856, la singularidad de Chiloé por su tardía incorporación a la naciente república de Chile. Su libro Las campañas de Chiloé, 1820-1826 trata la gesta «patriota» para lograr la anexión del archipiélago, y describe las 3 campañas militares enviadas desde Santiago con dicho objetivo, en 1820, 1824 y 1826, dirigidas a extirparle su condición de baluarte.
Nanotechnology for Animal Sciences-New Insights and Pitfalls: A Review
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Singh Pushpanjali , Chauhan Shipra , Swaroop M.N. , Bhardwaj Anuradha , Datta T.K. , Nayan Varij
Published: March 2023

Nanotechnology applications are increasingly recognized as potential tools in animal sciences, veterinary medicine, drug delivery, disease diagnosis and vaccine development. The nanoparticles and their therapeutic trends provide a realistic glimpse of current and future trends in veterinary diagnosis and medicine. Nanotechnology is ascribed to provide new horizons for applications in molecular biology and biotechnology by revolutionizing almost every field of veterinary or animal sciences by offering novel nano-scale tools and materials which can benefit society in all walks of life. The nanoparticles have been employed in diverse biological and non-biological functions. Nanomaterials can contribute to the farm animals for long-term sustainability by increasing the quality and quantity of safe, healthy and functional animal products. Although there are advantages while using nanoparticles to enhance performance and heal diseases in livestock, it is universally recognized that some nanoparticles can cause toxic and adverse effects on living creatures. Apart from that, the promise of nanoscience in veterinary medicine and livestock reproduction is yet to be explored. A few studies have been made on the uses of nanoparticles in veterinary medicine, livestock health and reproduction. Awareness is needed about the possible toxic effects and hazards, which could harm the living world. To improve the efficient and accurate diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases, more sophisticated research on nanomaterials and nanomedicines is required.
Treatment Issues While Addressing Child Sexual Abuse: A Review
Authors: ODACI Hatice , TÜRKKAN Tuğba
Published: March 2023

Child sexual abuse is a traumatic life event that has social, psychological, political and cultural dimensions which is observed in many societies. Sexual abused children are at risk of developing behavioral, emotional, cognitive and physical health problems throughout their lives, and are especially vulnerable when their current condition is combined with other risk factors, such as poverty. In the relevant literature, it is reported that these children have a greater risk of having psychological problems and require treatment. There is evidence that psychotherapeutic treatments have beneficial effects, including ensuring the physical and emotional safety of victims, helping to relieve trauma symptoms, improving quality and functioning of life, and preventing recurrence of abuse. In this review, some of the most common treatment issues for sexual abused children are presented. The appropriateness of the treatment issues and proposed interventions addressed may vary for each victim. These treatment issues and interventions are designed not only to remedy any harm that may have occurred, but also to minimize the negative consequences of experiences of child abuse and prevent future recurrence of maltreatment.
Development of Marital Conflict Areas Index and the Conflict Styles Inventory: Reliability and Validity Studies
Authors: KARACAN ÖZDEMİR Nurten , ERTEN TATLI Cemre , ÖZBAY Yaşar , AKBAŞ Ufuk , HATİPOĞLU SÜMER Zeynep , AKÇABOZAN KAYABOL N. Büşra , ÇAĞ Pınar , AYDIN Gökçen , EKER DURMUŞ Esra
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to develop the Conflict Areas Index (CAI) to identify possible conflict areas that couples experience in their marriages and to develop the Conflict Styles Inventory (CSI) to assess how they deal with these conflicts. Exploratory (N=374) and confirmatory (N=152) factor analysis and test-retest (N=49) examinations were conducted with a sample of 575 married individuals in total. For the first scale, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine the construct validity of the CAI. According to the results, a single component giving frequency values for 15 different conflict areas was identified. In the criterion-related validity studies, the scale had a significant, negative, and strong correlation with the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) (r=-.72) and the level of satisfaction with the relationship (r=-.67). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found as .91. For the second scale, the construct validity of the CSI was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis. The results revealed a three-dimensional structure named destructive, passive, and active conflict resolution styles. In the criterion-related validity studies, it was found significant and positive correlations between destructive (r=.14) and passive (r=.18) conflict resolution styles with CAI scores and a significant and negative correlation between active resolution style with CAI scores. In addition, there were significant and negative correlations between destructive (r=-.15) and passive (r=-.12) conflict resolution styles with the RAS scores and a significant and positive correlation between active conflict resolution style with the RAS scores. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were .88, .87, and .87 for destructive, passive, and active conflict resolution styles, respectively. The correlation values between the scores of the CSI within a 14-day time interval were ⍴=.94, ⍴=.91, and ⍴=.83 for destructive, passive, and active conflict resolution styles, respectively. These results indicated that CAI and CSI have sufficient psychometric properties that can be used to assess conflict areas and conflict resolution styles of married individuals.
Upgrading water supply and wastewater collection systems in rural areas as a way to improve quality of life of the population of Russia
Authors: Schneiderman Inna , Pilipenko Igor
Published: March 2023

This article pinpoints the problem of no modern water supply and sewage systems in homes of ca. 22-24 million people in the Russian Federation residing in the countryside nowadays. As a statistical database, the authors use the results of the Rosstat surveys entitled "The Comprehensive monitoring of the living conditions of the population" that were conducted in 2011 and 2020. We analyze the data on cold and hot water supply systems, sewage systems and toilets in homes of households across the country in general, in rural areas and in individual houses (the private sector). The article reveals that there are no modern types of sewage systems in homes of almost two-thirds of households, whereas modern toilet is not installed in one-third, hot water supply — in 26 per cent, and cold water supply system — in homes of 11 per cent of households in rural areas. When considering individual houses in rural settlements the situation is even worse, and the numbers reach 81 per cent, 42 per cent, 30 per cent and 13 per cent respectively. Six groups of regions of the Russian Federation are distinguished by the share of households that do not have access to any water supply system in their homes. Subsequently, we define four reasons why rural areas have been consistently lagging behind cities and towns in terms of infrastructural development, including the decline of local Soviet-era agricultural enterprises (kolkhozes and sovkhozes) in the beginning of the 1990s and the development of rural territories as a generally low priority topic for the Federal executive bodies. The other two reasons are the virtual disconnection of rural territories from the state policies in the area of housing construction and utilities and the insufficient compatibility of the current model of providing state and municipal services to the population living mostly in individual houses on private land under the conditions of shortage of financial resources. In conclusion, we propose a set of measures aimed at boosting resolution of the ongoing problems with universal access to modern water supply and sewage systems in rural areas of the Russian Federation.
Do modern Russian women consider themselves lonely?
Authors: Gnevasheva Vera , Ildarkhanova Chulpan
Published: March 2023

The architectonics of the authors' research reflects the paradoxes of public consciousness concerning the perception of the phenomenon of social loneliness through the prism of the completeness of family and the presence of children. The prerogative of material prosperity in the name of the prospects for future family well-being in the conditions of the modern labor market in some cases results in social loneliness, when the compensating result of a woman's life cycle is professional solvency in the absence of family and children. Social loneliness begins to lose its negative context in the perception of the individual himself, which is expressed in an increase in the proportion of Russians aged30 to 45years who have never been married. The authors reveal women's reflections on the phenomenon of social loneliness in the context of existing family constructs, as well as aspects of the stigmatization of single mothers and children growing up without a father. Objectively and from the standpoint of the interests of the demographic policy of the Russian Federation, postponing important demographic events to later ages increases the risks of social loneliness, expressed in lower chances of starting a family and having children. Subjectively, the segment of people who, according to various indicators can be considered lonely, is an established demographic and social reality and does not feel lonely. The study is aimed at clarifying the peculiarities of women's perception of social loneliness, their identification of their role in society, the significance of their main social positions for them, their wish to be involved in one or another social group. The results of the study are presented on the basis of a sociological survey conducted in the all-Russian format. The sample is characterized as continuous, random, at the last stage nested (one cluster of the sample is selected — women, N=1075). The initial processing of the empirical data provided an opportunity to draw a number of conclusions regarding the value orientations of women and their formation of social behavior in the context of building a professional, family and marital life trajectory. The research focus of presenting the results is on finding ways to minimize social loneliness in public perceptions.
The Role of Technology in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A lesson learned from Indonesia in Increasing Access to Legal Aid
Authors: Budiarti Arsa Ilmi , Wicaksana Dio Ashar , Oktaviani Nanda
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 Pandemic has increased the prevalence of legal problems, such as criminality, massive unemployment, domestic violence, and inequality in society. This condition further causes legal aid services to be progressively needed. Meanwhile, many people still do not know about free legal assistance from the Government through legal aid organizations or lawyers through pro bono legal services. Moreover, the global policy encouraging social and physical distancing makes it difficult for people to access the legal aid service provider office directly. Therefore, an accessible and comprehensive platform that provides information and free legal aid services is very much needed in this COVID-19 situation for justice seekers—as internet use is growingly massive during the pandemic. This article shows why and how technology expands access to legal Aid, explained through interviews with legal aid providers and desk review. With the Indonesian case, this study argues that optimizing technology's role does not necessarily involve creating a massive and complicated technological system but rather ensuring the current or existing platform can fulfill justice seeker needs and be inclusively accessible to vulnerable groups. Legal needs assessment and a multistakeholder approach must be encouraged sustainably to ensure the platform can achieve those goals.
Keywords: Access to Justice, Covid-19 pandemic, Free Legal Aid, Technology, Vulnerable Groups.
On the Issue of Choice of the Most Rational Combination of Earth-Moving and Transport Equipment in Earthwork Production
Authors: Panchenko Nataliya , Basovskiy Dmitriy
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Analysis of the problem of choosing the optimal set of machines in the building of transport construction facilities. The problem of choosing equipment rational combination choice in earthmoving sets is always relevant. Construction process productivity, construction time, labor costs, production costs and many other indicators of construction efficiency depend on how rationally equipment is chosen in machine construction sets. Methods: The calculation formulas of reliability theory, the theory of large systems and mass service theory are the tool for the research and analysis of the issue of machine optimal set choice at transport facility construction. Since construction processes, being considered by the author, possess all the features of large systems, they are dynamic and can be probabilistically predictable. Results: The article proposes options for rational combination of earth-moving and transport equipment for "excavator - dump trucks" systems in relation to sets of equipment with machines having different technical parameters and for different ranges of soil transportation. The presented variants are obtained by calculation using mathematical apparatus of reliability and mass service theories. Practical significance: The results, presented by the authors, are proposed in easy-to-use tabular form and have practical significance, since if used by construction organizations, they are capable to increase construction process productivity and to reduce facility construction time.
Functional specificity of word-formation neologisms in the discursive space of glossy magazines
Authors: Gavrilova Irina A.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the research is to study the functional characteristics of word-forming neologisms in modern English-language glossy magazines. The tasks are reduced to the analysis of scientific and theoretical literature on the problems of neology, the selection of neo-lexemes of the subject area “fashion and style”, formed by morphological methods, by the method of continuous sampling, and their systematization in relation to the functions they perform in the glamorous discourse. The sources are electronic versions of the monthly women’s magazines “Cosmopolitan”, “Elle”, “Fashion” for 2017–2022. When interpreting the factual material, data from the Online Etymology Dictionary and Dictionary.com dictionaries and a comprehensive methodology are used: the general scientific method of observation, word-formation analysis, definitional analysis, descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate an active linguo-creative word-formation activity in the fashion sector of the economy. We formulate the thesis about the functional syncretism of derivational neologisms in the communicative space of the mass media serving it. We single out and illustrate with examples the nominative, informative, emotionally expressive, evaluative and phatic (contact-establishing) interdependent functions of neonominations. We note a significant predominance of the first two. The data obtained can be used in lecture courses on stylistics, the basics of media communication and the lexicology of modern English.
Community marketing in the sports industry (on the example of running)
Authors: Prokhorov Andrey V. , Popov Stanislav A.
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, sport is an independent industry that has its own principles of functioning, characterized by the specifics of the stages of development, therefore, the isolation of sports marketing as a set of measures to promote individual sports, sports events, and brands through the field of sports is quite understandable. The decrease in the effectiveness of traditional approaches in marketing creates a need to find new tools for promoting sports products. Approaches to understanding the sports industry and sports marketing are analyzed, the author’s interpretation of these terms is given. The intensive consolidation of competition in the sports market actualizes the role of marketing activations implemented by its subjects. The direction of community marketing in the field of sports attracts attention. It was revealed that communities are a platform where members can make new acquaintances among like-minded people. The current trends in community marketing in relation to various areas are considered, the goals and objectives of the direction are disclosed, the conditions necessary for the existence of brand communities are considered. The relevance of the study is ensured by considering the practice of companies in the field of community marketing in promoting sports brands. The most striking cases of the Adidas brand in the use of community marketing are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to clarify the content of community marketing in the promotion of sports brands.
Zoometaphor as a way of perceiving the new coronavirus infection COVID-19
Authors: Novikova Olga N. , Kalugina Yuliya V.
Published: March 2023

We analyze the perception of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 through an animalistic (zoo) metaphor by representatives of student youth. We conduct an associative experiment in order to identify animalistic metaphorical models “Coronavirus is ...”. We analyze the themes of the received metaphors; we offer the author’s classification of metaphorical models with the sphere-source “animals”; the psychological impact of the coronavirus on the individual is comprehended. The results of the experiment are interpreted on the basis of a phenomenological approach using the methods of questioning, quantitative analysis and document analysis. The resulting metaphors demonstrate the diverse content of the source sphere “animals”; they can be grouped on different grounds (by common features, by national-specific features, by principle of sound and graphic similarity). At the stage of comprehending a new phenomenon in the life of mankind, zoometaphors are actively involved in the formation of a naive and scientific picture of the world, provide material for constructing the image of an “animal” and the relationship “human-animal”.
System-linguistic and concrete-speech connections in the sphere of taxis
Authors: Archipova Irina V.
Published: March 2023

The subject of this study is the description of the systemic-linguistic and concrete-speech connections of the functional-semantic categories of taxis and the categories/subcategories of temporality, aspectuality, iteration, duration and phaseness. The purpose of the work is a focused analysis of the intercategorical connections of taxis with the above semantic categories, which determine the actualization of conjugate primary-taxis categorical situations of simultaneity and diversity in German utterances with prepositional deverbatives. The relevance of the study, carried out in the traditions of functional grammar and on the basis of the functional-semantic approach used in it, is associated with insufficient knowledge of the issue of intercategorical interaction. The system-linguistic connections of interacting categories in the sphere of primary taxis are established and analyzed in the context of their speech realizations in a specific taxis environment. It is substantiated that German utterances with prepositional deverbatives are characterized by various general categorical elements that determine the actualization of conjugate taxis categorical situations in their variability. These are monotemporal and inclusive-temporal prepositions as taxis markers, as well as various verbs, deverbatives (iterative, phase) and adverbials (temporal, aspectual, etc.).
Research note: The persistent risk of in-work poverty following the birth of a first, second, and third child across the life course
Authors: Struffolino Emanuela , Van Winkle Zachary
Published: March 2023

Objective: The association between a first, second, and third childbirth and in-work poverty in the short- and medium-term were assessed across age groups in the US and Germany.
Background: Previous research on in-work poverty has concentrated on structural and ascriptive characteristics, while family processes - especially childbirths - received less attention. This gap was filled by adopting a processual life course approach.
Method: Longitudinal data from the US and Germany were applied to between-within random effects models to estimate within-individual change in the probability of in-work poverty up to six years following a first, second, and third childbirth across age groups.
Results: First, second, and third birth were associated with an immediate increase in the probability of in-work poverty (up to 10 and 5 percentage points in the US and in Germany, respectively). Among US adults aged 30 and younger probabilities increased in the medium term (from 9 to 15 percentage points for a first, 6 to 15 for a second, and 9 to 18 for a third birth), but remained unchanged for older adults in the US and all adults in Germany.
Conclusion: There was no recovery in risk of in-work poverty in the medium-term following childbirth in the US and Germany. Increasing the labor market participation of adult household members via more and low-cost childcare options remains crucial. However, higher levels of income support and child benefits may be needed to avoid poverty.
TUIA I ROTO: A qualitative exploration of Māori cultural embeddedness
Authors:   Victoria University of Wellington, Fox Ririwai , Fraser Gloria ,   Victoria University of Wellington, Neha Tia ,   Victoria University of Wellington, Jose Paul ,   Victoria University of Wellington
Published: March 2023

Cultural identity research has largely focused on subjective and individualised notions of identity. In recent research we introduced the concept of “cultural embeddedness” as a framework for understanding the collective expectations derived from cultural values, practices and beliefs, and how these facets of culture are integrated into identity and enacted in everyday behaviours (Fox et al., 2021). This article builds on our theory of cultural embeddedness by drawing on the lived experiences of 10 Māori individuals whom we consider to be culturally embedded in order to elucidate the features of cultural embeddedness in the context of Indigenous Māori people. Participants provided insights concerning (1) values, beliefs and practices that are important in Māori culture; (2) the characteristics of an individual who is embedded in those facets; and (3) how a person can become culturally embedded. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The implicit and explicit transmission of Māori culture is discussed, particularly for those with limited access to cultural learning opportunities during childhood and adolescence.
Surface oxidation promotes the flotation of ilmenite: a critical review
Authors: Chen Qian , Chen Zhijie , Kasomo Richard M.
Published: March 2023

Due to its high efficiency, ease of operation, and superior selectivity, flotation separation has emerged as a promising technique for the extraction of ilmenite from natural resources. In light of the solution chemistry of ilmenite, it is widely accepted that ferrous ions and ferrous hydroxy compounds serve as the primary active sites for collector adsorption across a broad range of slurry pH values. The commonly used collectors like sodium oleate and hydroxamic acid are capable of chemical bonding with Fe2+ to form complexes and then enhance the floatability of ilmenite. However, Fe3+ ions perform a higher affinity to both collectors rather than Fe2+, the formed stronger complexes are advantageous for enhancing the hydrophobicity of ilmenite and increasing the probability for air bubble attachment, resulting in an improved ilmenite flotation recovery. Consequently, how to maximize the conversion efficiency of Fe2+ to Fe3+ and provide additional Fe3+ active sites on ilmenite surface for collector attachment have become the hot spot. Herein, this review aims to firstly analyze the crystal structure and solution chemistry of ilmenite and then provide a concise summary of recent advances in different oxidation technologies for promoting the conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+, including hydroxyl radicals oxidation, direct chemical oxidation, and thermal oxidation, and the in-depth activation mechanisms are well illustrated. Also, current challenges and perspectives in this field are discussed. This review would benefit the development of next-generation flotation techniques for earth-abundant titanium resources.
Methane Gas Reduction Using Virgin Coconut Oil Supplementation in Rumen Fermentation through in Vitro
Authors: Sondakh Erwin Hubert Barton , Rorong Johnly Alfreds , Kalele Jerry Audy Donny
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO)supplementation into ruminant feed on the methane reduction in vitro The study used rumen fluid with forage substrate and concentrates in the ratio of 60:40. The experiement consists of five kinds of VCO treatments, namely: R0 – feed substrates without VCO; R1 – feed substrates with 2% VCO; R2 – feed substrates with 4% VCO; R3 – feed substrates with 6% VCO; and R4 – feed substrates with 8% VCO. Each treatment was done three times. The fermentation used Hohenheim Gas Test (HGT) at a temperature of 390 C for 48 hours. At the end of the fermentation, measurements of methane and microbial activity of the rumen fluid were implemented. Data obtained were analyzed using a completely randomized design, and continued with Duncan test for examining the mean differences. The results showed that methane production descreased by 18.39% - 29.7% when the feed was given 2% - 8% VCO. Based in the findings, it can be concluded that the supplementation of 2% - 8% VCO can be used a substrate for ruminant feed because it can reduce methane and does not interfere the microbial activity of the fermentation of rumen fluid through in vitro.
In Vitro Study of Fermented Complete Feed by Using Sago Residues as Main Source Diet
Authors: Samadi Samadi , Wajizah Sitti , Usman Yunasri
Published: March 2023

Recently, fermentation of low quality feed such as agro industry by products has been widely applied to produce enriched animal feed and improve animal productivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro digestibility of fermented complete feed by using agro-residues from sago starch processing industries as main source diet.  Feed was formulated on the basis of 40% sago residue and mixed with other ingredients (rice brand, coconut meal, bread by product, soybean meal and soybean hulls) to fulfill the requirement of sheep with 16,10% of CP, 2,80 Mkal ME/kg and TDN 60,88% based on calculation. Mineral and Urea were added in the complete feed to reach mineral and CP requirements of sheep.  Complete feed formulation was fermented by using 3 commercial fermentation products (Saus Burger Pakan® (SBP), Probion® and EM4®) for 21 days. Total and types of microbes from commercial fermentation products which were utilized in this study were not determined. Parameters measured in this study were pH, NH3, IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility), IVOMD (in vitro organic matter digestibility) and VFA total. The model used for the statistical analysis was completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments (control and 3 different commercial fermentation products) and 4 replications.  The results of this study indicated that administration of different commercial fermentation products into fermented complete feed based on sago residues significantly influenced (P<0.05) on pH, NH3, VFA total, IVDMD and IVOMD. Generally, commercial fermentation products mainly SBP produced better feed quality by improving the values of pH, NH3, VFA total, IVDMD and IVOMD. However, types and total microorganisms were needed to be determined before experiment.
A Novel Enzyme Biosensor Based on Ag/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Chitosan Membrane with Potentiometer for Pesticide Detection
Authors: Mashuni Mashuni , Yanti Nur Arfa , Irnawati Irnawati , Hamid Fitri Handayani , Jahiding Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Long-term accumulation of pesticides in the environment  to human and animal health. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensors with highly sensitive potentiometer transducers based on the membranes of Ag, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and chitosan (CS) has been successfully developed. The membrane was made with a composition of 0.5 mM AgNO3, 2.5 mg/mL rGO, and 2% (w/v) CS coated on the surface of the Au electrode. The composition of the membrane with three ratios, namely 1:1:2, 2:1:3, and 3:1:4. Then, membrane Ag/rGO/CS and the enzyme AChE were immobilized on the membrane surface. The prepared biosensor has excellent conductivity, catalytic activity, and biocompatibility attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag/rGO/CS and glutaraldehyde (GTA) as crosslinkers and providing a hydrophilic surface for AChE adhesion. The linear range in biosensors is 1 × 10-8 to 1 µg L-1 with a regression coefficient of 0.9803 for 1:1:2 membrane, 0.9836 for 2:1:3 membrane, and 0.9850 for 3:1:4 membrane. The LOD is about 1 × 10-7 µg L-1 for all membranes. In addition, the biosensor showed good sensitivity, acceptable reproducibility, and stability, having an RSD of less than 5%. This biosensor makes it possible to provide a new and promising tool for analyzing pesticides, especially organophosphates.
The Imaginary Universe
Authors: Łukaszyk Szymon
Published: March 2023

Imaginary dimensions in physics require an imaginary set of base Planck units and some negative parameter $c_n$ corresponding to the speed of light in vacuum $c$. The second, negative fine-structure constant $\alpha_2^{-1} \approx -140.178$ present in Fresnel coefficients for the normal incidence of electromagnetic radiation on monolayer graphene leads to the imaginary Planck units. Furthermore, it sets $c_n \approx -3.06 \times 10^8~\text{[m/s]}$. It follows that electric charges are the same in real and imaginary dimensions. Neutron stars and white dwarfs, objects emitting perfect black-body radiation, need energy exceeding their mass-energy equivalence ratios. Complex energies are defined in terms of real and imaginary Planck units. Their imaginary parts, inaccessible for direct observation, store the excess of these energies. It follows that black holes are fundamentally uncharged, charged micro neutron stars and white dwarfs with masses lower than $5.7275 \times 10^{-10}~[\text{kg}]$ are unphysical, and the radii of white dwarfs' cores are limited to $R_{\text{WD}} < 6.7933~G M_{\text{WD}}/c^2$. It is conjectured that the maximum atomic number $Z=238$. A black-body object is in the equilibrium of complex energies of masses, charges, and wavelengths if its radius $R_\text{eq} \approx 2.7665~G M_{\text{BBO}}/c^2$, which corrects the value of the photon sphere radius $R_{\text{ps}}=3G M/c^2$, taking into account the value(s) of the fine-structure constant(s), which is otherwise neglected in general relativity.
Oral Epithelial Cells Expressing Low or Undetectable Levels of Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 are Susceptible SARS-CoV-2Virus Infection in vitro
Authors: Ebraham Laith , Xu Chuan , Wang Annie , Rajah Divino , Walter Lewins , Marras Salvatore A.E. , Tyagi Sanjay , Fine Daniel , Daep Carlo Amorin , Chang Theresa Liyun
Published: March 2023

The oral cavity is thought to be one of the portals for SARS-CoV-2 entry. Because there is limited evidence of active oral infection by SARS-CoV-2 viruses, we assessed the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to infect and replicate in oral epithelial cells. Oral gingival epithelial cells (hTERT TIGKs), salivary gland epithelial cells (A-253), and oral buccal epithelial cells (TR146), which occupy different regions of the oral cavity, were challenged with replication competent SARS-CoV-2 viruses and with pseudo-typed viruses expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. All oral epithelial cells expressing undetectable or low levels of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) but high levels of the alternative receptor CD147 were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral dynamics in hTERT TIGKs were different from those in A-253 and TR146 cells. For example, levels of viral transcripts were sustained in hTERT TIGKs but were significantly decreased in A-253 and TR146 cells at day 3 after infection. Analysis of oral epithelial cells infected by replication competent SARS-CoV-2 viruses expressing GFP showed that the signals of GFP and SARS-CoV-2 mRNAs were not evenly distributed. Taken together, our results demonstrated oral epithelial cells were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 viruses despite of low or undetectable levels of hACE2, suggesting that alternative receptors contribute to SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be considered for development of future vaccines and therapeutics.
Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Sleep, and Psychology of Endurance Athletes– CAESAR Study
Authors: Śliż Daniel , Wiecha Szczepan , Gąsior Jakub S. , Kasiak Przemysław Seweryn , Ulaszewska Katarzyna , Lewandowski Marcin , Barylski Marcin , Mamcarz Artur
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 has harmful impact on health. It is especially important for endurance athletes (EAs). Sleep and psychology influence sport performance. Aims of this study were: (1) investigation of the consequences of mild COVID-19 on sleep and psychology and (2) assessment of the conse-quences of the infection on cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) results. 49 EAs (males= 43; 87.76%, females= 6; 12.24%, age= 39.9±7.8 years, height= 178.4±6.8 cm, weight= 76.3±10.4 kg; BMI= 24.0±2.6 kg·m−2) underwent maximal cycling or running CPET pre- and post- COVID-19 and completed a survey. Exercise performance was deteriorated after COVID-19 (maximal oxy-gen uptake; VO2max= 47.81±7.81 vs 44.97±7.00 ml·kg·min−1 respectively pre- and post- infection; p<0.001). Waking up at night affected heart rate (HR) at the respiratory compensation point (RCP) (p=0.028). Sleep time influenced pulmonary ventilation (p=0.013), breathing frequency (p=0.010), and blood lactate concentration (Lac) (p=0.013) at RCP. Maximal power/speed (p=0.046) and HR (p=0.070) linked with the quality of sleep. Stress management and relaxation techniques linked with VO2max (p=0.046), maximal power/speed (p=0.033), and maximal Lac (p=0.045). Cardiorespiratory fitness was deteriorated after mild COVID-19 and was correlated with sleep and mental health. Medical Professionals should encourage EAs to maintain proper mental health and sleep after COVID-19 infection to facilitate recovery.
Associations between Drugs of Abuse and Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Authors: Sastry Amani , Jimenez Jr Victor M.
Published: March 2023

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most common parasites that infect humans. The parasite exists in approximately 40 million people in the United States. Latent infections are frequently associated with tissue cysts of T. gondii in the skeletal muscle and brain tissue that can lead to mental disorders, congenital disorders, and vision dysfunction. Furthermore, self-directed violence, impulsivity, and aggression are associated with T. gondii infection. Dopamine is associated with human behavior including pleasure, aggression, memory, and substance use disorder; however, the result of the studies on the association of T. gondii infection and drugs of abuse are not well understood. The frequency of substance use may be associated with substance-induced modification of dopamine-receptor densities and basal dopaminergic activity. Likewise, T. gondii can directly or indirectly influence dopaminergic activity in infected cells. Based on this hypothesis, the current paper aimed to systematically review all published literature on the association between drugs of abuse and T. gondii infection. Systematic review of controlled studies on T. gondii infection and substance use effects in adults were searched on the electronic databases. Studies have shown that individuals infected with T. gondii display increased risky behavior, such as excessive alcohol consumption. Furthermore, it was observed that T. gondii seropositive subjects had a reduced likelihood of self-reported substance use compared to T. gondii seronegative subjects. This study confirms that SUD is a potential risk factor for behavioral and psychiatric complications associated with T. gondii infection. Ultimately T. gondii infection in the context of drug dependence and the development of SUD remain to be elucidated. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research characterizing the mechanisms associated with dopamine metabolism of drug dependence and withdrawal in the context of a T. gondii infection, evaluating the role of inflammation, and identifying potential drug-and-sex specific underpinnings of these associations.