bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite element analysis of train speed effect on dynamic response of steel bridge
Authors: Jukowski Michał , Bęc Jarosław , Zbiciak Artur
Published: December 2021

The development of materials engineering has facilitated the design of slender, light bridges replacing standard construction materials with others, which fulfil their purpose both in terms of structural behaviour and safety. This article focuses on the presentation of the problems related to the modelling of bridges and their loads modelling train passages, as well as an analysis of the influence of load parameters on the dynamic response of a structure. The problem has become essential with the development of materials engineering which enabled the design of slender and light bridges according to the assumptions of sustainable development. The article contains a number of numerical analyses which allowed the verification of the developed finite element bridge model (frame and plate-frame types) in terms of the possibility of using them at the design stage. The load was modelled as a system of concentrated forces, the so-called moving load (ML) model. The results obtained from theoretical analyses were compared within situmeasurements of the existing bridge subjected to the load variable in time (set of locomotives ST43 and ST45 and locomotive EP09). It has been found that in dynamic analysis, modelling of the load is essential. A simplified load model such as ML can be used when displacement values are the only results analysed in detail. ML and finite element plate and frame models give high accordance of the displacement results.
Power quality improvement using model predictive control based shunt connected custom power device in a single phase system
Authors: Majji Ravi Kumar , Mishra Jyoti Prakash , Dongre Ashish A.
Published: December 2021

The performance evaluation of a single-phase shunt-connected custom power device (SC-CPD) for current quality improvement is discussed in this paper. The SC-CPD performance is compared based on the linear triangle-comparison pulse width modulation (TC-PWM) control, hysteresis current control (HCC), and the predictive non-linear switching control strategies. The predictive switching control is implemented using the finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC). The switching control techniques’ operational and implementation features are discussed for the given control objectives of the SC-CPD for a particular nonlinear load. Basic functional case studies with sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal supply mains in the presence of non-linear loads are presented to illustrate the appropriateness of the switching techniques. The SC-CPD model and control methodologies are developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, including designing of various circuit components. Finally, performance simulation results using the switching techniques have been compared and validated using OPAL-RT 4510-based real-time simulations.
Novel benzofurane-pyrazole derivatives with anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase inhibitory and cytotoxicity evaluation
Authors: Sahin Zafer , Özhan Yağmur , Sipahi Hande , Biltekin Sevde Nur , Yurttaş Leyla , Berk Barkin , Demirayak Şeref
Published: December 2021

Novel benzofurane-pyrazolone hybrids have been synthesized for evaluating their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. 4-(2-chloroacetyl)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one were reacted with α-hydroxy aldehyde or α-hydroxy ketone derivatives to obtain nine novel pyrazolone derivatives. Structures were successfully elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HRMS. Enzyme inhibitory activity was measured on cyclooxygenases (COXs) as considered to address anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 2 showed the highest activity on both COX-1 and COX-2 subtypes with 12.0 μM and 8.0 μM IC50, respectively. This activity was found close to indomethacin COX-2 inhibition measured as 7.4 μM IC50. Rest of the compounds (1, 3–9) showed 10.4–28.1 μM IC50 on COX-2 and 17.0–35.6 μM IC50 on COX-1 (Compound 1 has no activity on COX-1). Tested compounds (1–9) showed activity on NO production. Only compound was the 4, which showed a low inhibition on IL-6 levels. Cell viability was up to 60% at 100 μM for all compounds (1–9) on RAW 264.7 and NIH3T3 cell lines, thus compounds were reported to be noncytotoxic.
Residential suburbanisation in the hinterland of Bratislava – a case study of municipalities in the Austrian border area
Authors:   Department of Economic and Social Geography, Demography and Territorial Development, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia, Farkas Renáta , Klobučník Michal ,   Department of Economic and Social Geography, Demography and Territorial Development, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
Published: December 2021

This paper provides an overview of the process of residential suburbanisation in the hinterland of Bratislava. The study focuses on the municipalities around the Austrian border area. The main aim of the paper is to investigate the characteristics of cross-border suburbanisation, which is a significant spatial phenomenon in the municipalities of northern Burgenland and the south-eastern part of Lower Austria. The analysis has a spatio-temporal dimension, as it depicts the time-space characteristics of the phenomenon – both for a single time point, as well as for a time series from the approximate beginning of the onset of suburbanisation up to the present. While monitoring the growth of the number of Slovaks in the study area, we observed a gradual increase in all the selected municipalities of the Austrian border area, with the distance from Bratislava being a significant factor here. The analysis of migration in the surveyed municipalities showed predominantly positive migration efficiency – immigration was negated by emigration only to a small extent (compared to suburbanisation in the Slovak hinterland of Bratislava, which is, however, relatively high). The structural characteristics of Slovak immigrants, where the younger age group of 30 to 44 years followed by a child component up to 14 years predominated, attest to the ongoing process of suburbanisation. The research confirmed the advancing residential suburbanisation and expansion of the cross-border suburban hinterland of Bratislava.
Faster Repetition Rate Sharpens the Cortical Representation of Echo Streams in Echolocating Bats
Authors: Macias Silvio , Bakshi Kushal , Smotherman Michael
Published: December 2021

There is consensus that primary auditory cortex (A1) utilizes a combination of rate codes and temporally precise population codes to represent discreet auditory objects. During the response to auditory streams, forward suppression constrains cortical rate coding strategies, but it may also be well positioned to enhance temporal coding strategies that rely on synchronized firing across neural ensembles. Here, we exploited the rapid temporal dynamics of bat echolocation to investigate how forward suppression modulates the cortical ensemble representation of complex acoustic signals embedded in echo streams. We recorded from auditory cortex of anesthetized free-tailed bats while stimulating the auditory system with naturalistic biosonar pulse-echo sequences covering a range of pulse emission rates. As expected, increasing pulse repetition rate significantly reduced the number of spikes per echo stimulus, but it also increased spike timing precision and doubled the information gain. This increased spike-timing precision translated into more robust inter-neuronal synchronization patterns with >10-dB higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) at the ensemble level. We propose that forward suppression dynamically mediates a trade-off between the sensitive detection of isolated sounds versus precise spatiotemporal encoding of ongoing sound sequences in auditory cortex.
The Representational Dynamics of Sequential Perceptual Averaging
Authors: Do Jongrok , Eo Kang Yong , James Oliver , Lee Joonyeol , Kim Yee-Joon
Published: December 2021

It is clear that humans can extract statistical information from streams of visual input, yet how our brain processes sequential images into the abstract representation of the mean feature value remains poorly explored. Using multivariate pattern analyses of electroencephalography recorded while human observers viewed 10 sequentially presented Gabors of different orientations to estimate their mean orientation at the end, we investigated sequential averaging mechanism by tracking the quality of individual and mean orientation as a function of sequential position. Critically, we varied the sequential variance of Gabor orientations to understand the neural basis of perceptual mean errors occurring during a sequential averaging task. We found that the mean-orientation representation emerged at specific delays from each sequential stimulus onset and became increasingly accurate as additional Gabors were viewed. Especially in frontocentral electrodes, the neural representation of mean orientation improved more rapidly and to a greater degree in less volatile environments, whereas individual orientation information was encoded precisely regardless of environmental volatility. The computational analysis of behavioral data also showed that perceptual mean errors arise from the cumulative construction of the mean orientation rather than the low-level encoding of individual stimulus orientation. Thus, our findings provide neural mechanisms to differentially accumulate increasingly abstract features from a concrete piece of information across the cortical hierarchy depending on environmental volatility.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe visual system extracts behaviorally relevant summary statistical representation by exploiting statistical regularity of the visual stream over time. However, how the neural representation of the abstract mean feature value develops in a temporally changing environment remains poorly identified. Here, we directly recover the mean orientation information of sequentially delivered Gabor stimuli with different orientations as a function of their positions in time. The mean orientation representation, which is regularly updated, becomes increasingly accurate with increasing sequential position especially in the frontocentral region. Further, perceptual mean errors arise from the cumulative process rather than the low-level stimulus encoding. Overall, our study reveals a role of higher cortical areas in integrating stimulus-specific information into increasingly abstract task-oriented information.
Tradición y modernidad en el uso de los objetos arqueológicos. La frustrada celebración del centenario patrio en el santuario de Pachacamac (1921)
Authors: Chipana Jhonny
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza una experiencia de modernidad del patrimonio cultural prehispánico durante la época del centenario de la independencia nacional, identificando dos propuestas diferentes y contrapuestas sobre su uso, proveniente la primera de una visión tradicional cuyo origen se encuentra en la colonia, y la segunda de las nuevas ideas de la Ilustración, y participando ambas de manera paralela en el ámbito público, la política y la educación. No obstante, ambas propuestas colisionan de manera antagónica en los días de celebración del centenario patrio, a través de los hechos ocurridos en torno al santuario arqueológico de Pachacamac, que finalmente termina saqueada por una de estas dos vertientes.
Reyes, Alejandro. Guerra del Pacífico. Soldados sobrevivientes, A-B
Authors: Huillca Ayma Ale Roel
Published: December 2021

En el Perú, al igual que en Chile y Bolivia, la producción historiográfica sobre la Guerra del Pacífico es amplia. Sin embargo, estudios sobre la vida de los soldados que participaron en dicha guerra (antes, durante y después de ella) son todavía escasos. En este contexto, el libro del historiador Alejandro Reyes Flores, titulado Guerra del Pacífico. Soldados sobrevivientes. A-B, cubre un importante vacío historiográfico.
Food security strategies of an indigenous community in Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Leyva-Trinidad Doris Arianna , Pérez-Vázquez Arturo , Newell Gillian Elisabeth , García Albarado J.Cruz , González Jácome Alba
Published: December 2021

Amidst most indigenous groups in Mexico, traditional knowledge still prevails which constitutes local strategies that address the issue of food insecurity. This study aims to analyze the body of Traditional Agroecological Knowledge (TAK) of Nahuatl indigenous community of Ocotal Texizapan, Tatahuicapan, Veracruz, to understand the strategies practiced to achieve food security. Participatory observation and semi-structured and in-depth interviews at the household level (n = 20 families) revealed that Traditional Agroecological Knowledge and local life strategies are linked to the “milpa” (traditional agroecosystem), home gardening, gathering, hunting and fishing activities which are key components to achieve food security at the family level. Rain-fed and "tapachole" (residual humidity) milpa, based on sowing maize intercropped with several crops, are closely-related to direct empirical knowledge, the rational use of available natural resources, family labour, and local knowledge. Currently, changes in land use and the use of agrochemicals are increasing in the study community and depleting biodiversity affecting food security at the family level: a situation that endorses the importance of traditional agriculture (milpa), backyard livestock (hens, ducks, pigs) together with gathering, hunting and fishing among the Nahuatl families.
Sinus pilonidalis fisztuloszkópos kezelése gyermekekben
Authors: Fadgyas Balázs , Langer Márk , Ringwald Zoltán
Published: December 2021

Összefoglaló.
Bevezetés: A sinus pilonidalis nehezen kezelhető, sok
szövődménnyel és recidívával járó betegség. A legtöbb műtéti eljárás többnapos
kórházi kezelést, munkából vagy iskolából való hiányzást követel.
Célkitűzés: Munkánk célja, hogy a PEPSiT- (pediatric
endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment) műtétek eredményességét vizsgálja.
Módszer: Intézetünkben 2019–2020-ban PEPSiT-műtéten
átesett, 18 év alatti betegeket válogattunk be a vizsgálatba. Kizártuk a
cisztoszkóppal operált és kontrollra nem jelentkező betegeket. A szövődmények,
recidívák számát, a kórházi tartózkodás hosszát, a sebgyógyulás és a hétköznapi
aktivitáshoz való visszatérés idejét vizsgáltuk. Eredmények:
Betegeink többsége fiú (24 fiú, 4 lány), átlagéletkoruk 15,6 év volt. 28 betegen
31 PEPSiT-beavatkozást végeztünk (3 re-PEPSiT), 6 recidíva, 1 sebgennyedés
alakult ki. A betegek egy része egynapos ellátás keretében, míg a többség egy
éjszaka bentfekvés után tért haza (1,74 nap ápolási idő). A hétköznapi
aktivitáshoz 1,37 nap után tértek vissza, a gyógyulási idő 5,9 hét volt
átlagosan. Megbeszélés: A PEPSiT-beavatkozás minimálisan
invazív lehetőség, igen rövid kórházi tartózkodással. A betegek hamar térnek
vissza a szokott aktivitásukhoz, a korábbi sipolyon kívül újabb műtéti seb nem
alakul ki. A recidívaarány hasonló az egyéb technikákéhoz.
Következtetés: A PEPSiT-beavatkozás jól alkalmazható, a
recidívaarány csökkentése fontos. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(43): 1740–1743.

Summary.
Introduction: The treatment of pilonidal disease is often
challenging, due to frequent recurrences and adverse events. Most operative
treatments require a lengthy hospital stay, and absence from school or work.
Objective: We aimed towards assessing the effectivity of
PEPSiT (pediatric endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment).
Method: In this study, we included patients subjected to
PEPSiT from 2019 to 2020 between ages 0–18 years. Patients operated via
cystoscope and patients who did not attend follow-up examinations were excluded.
Adverse events, recurrences, length of hospital stay, wound healing time and
return to everyday activity were assessed. Results: The
majority of our patients were male (24 male, 4 female), the mean age was 15.6
years. 31 PEPSiT operations were recorded on 28 patients (3 were redo
surgeries). 6 recurrences and 1 wound suppuration were documented. Some patients
were treated within the confines of one-day surgery, while most of them stayed
one night (mean length of stay was 1.74 days). Return to everyday activity was
an average 1.37 days, and mean wound healing time was 5.9 weeks.
Discussion: PEPSiT is a minimally invasive operative
approach with a very short hospital stay. Patients return to everyday activity
faster. New operative scarring does not happen apart from the preexisting
fistula opening. Recurrence rate is similar to that of other treatment
techniques. Conclusion: PEPSiT technique is applicable,
however, reduction of the recurrence rate is important. Orv Hetil. 2021;
162(43): 1740–1743.
Comparison of thigh muscle activations in single leg exercises: bench squat, step-up, airborne lunge
Authors: Çinarli Fahri S. , Çinarli Sena , Kafkas Emin
Published: December 2021

Background and Study Aim. Single leg exercises have some advantages in terms of time, practice and energy costs. However, the activation values that occur in different single leg exercises can be used for training planning. The aim of this research was to examine the thigh muscle activation values during three different single leg exercises.

Materials and Methods. Ten healthy male volunteers who were students of the faculty of sports sciences participated in the study. In the study, the EMG ampilitude values of the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (SEM) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles were examined during Step-up, Bench Squat and Airborne Lunge exercises. At the same time, Quadriceps (VM+VL): Hamstring (SEM+BF) ratios were determined.

Results. Significant differences were detected in all thigh muscles in the ascent and descent phases (p<0.05). While the greatest activation for the quadriceps group was seen in the airborne lunge, the greatest activation for the hamstring group was detected in the bench squat. A statistically significant difference was found in terms of exercise practices in the quadriceps: hamstring (Q:H) ratio (F(2,18)=12.282, p=.003). It was seen that the most balanced exercise was bench squat (Q:H=2.55), and the most unbalanced exercise (agonist dominant) was airborne lunge (Q:H=5.51).

Conclusions. The findings show that the exercises examined can be selected depending on the purpose of the training. While bench squats can be preferred for more balanced co-activation the airborne lunge can be preferred for dominant knee extensors.
Etika Kebijakan Publik Pada Program Keluarga Harapan di Kota Palopo
Authors: Iskandar Didik
Published: December 2021

Ethics is one approach that is often used in public policy in the framework of public administration. The Family Hope Program is an empowerment program for underprivileged communities by providing conditional cash assistance. This study will to describe the benefits, great benefits, and benefits for as many people as possible in terms of the ethical perspective of utilitarianism from a policy in the form of a program, namely, implementation of the family of hope program in Palopo City. The object of this research is was family hope program at Palopo City. This study uses an evaluation method through a qualitative approach. Data obtained through data presentation, data reduction, verification and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the benefits obtained to implementation of family hope program in Palopo City are based on utilitarian ethics, namely there are additional costs in meeting education and health needs. Furthermore, great benefit that can be obtained to program recipients is a change in mindset to prioritize and care more about the importance of children's education and in the health sector, namely the importance of regular check-ups to the posyandu for pregnant women and toddlers. The great benefit for as many people as possible that will be found in implementation on this program is that there is an insurance effect for program recipients, namely future security guarantees for PKH participants as a means of motivation to see education and health as potential welfare.
Analysis of Structures’ Orientations in Archaeoastronomy
Authors: Abril José M.
Published: December 2021

In the scope of archaeoastronomy, the analysis of a large number of structures through the frequency histograms for their azimuths and declinations can identify singular patterns of orientation. Conclusions often rely on qualitative assessments. Quantitative assessments have been proposed by using as null hypothesis a pure random distribution of azimuths over the 360º horizon. In some cases, such as orientation of Christian churches, the histograms or spectra are composite, with peaks overlapping a continuous and not uniform background. This paper presents a methodology for assessing the statistical significance of the net area of a peak in the histogram in relation to the local background level. The spectra use Normal kernel functions. The background contribution is estimated from the area of the trapezoidal polygon under the peak, and it is interpreted as the probability parameter for a Binomial distribution.  The methodology is illustrated with a real case study which includes the azimuth and declination histograms for a set of churches from southern Spain dedicated to the Virgin of the Assumption. The method is more restrictive than previous approaches.
Effect of different plants’ aromatic essential oils on frozen Awassi lamb meat’s chemical and physical characteristics
Authors: Al-Obaidi Ahmed S.A. , Mahmood Ayad B. , Khidhir Zaid K. , Zahir Hemn G. , Al-doori Ziyad T. , Othman Dyary Hiewa
Published: December 2021

The effect of drenching Awassi lambs with three aromatic essential oils from sage (Salvia officinalis L.), clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) was investigated on meat chemical and physical characteristics, and oxidative and deterioration measurements. Twenty-four Awassi lambs, five to six months old, were divided into four groups. A concentrated diet was provided to the lambs at a rate of 3% of the body weight. The treatments were as follows: T1 was served as the untreated control, while T2, T3, and T4 were drenched with oils of sage, clove, and laurel, respectively. Drenching was carried out using water-soluble capsules containing 500 mg oil/capsule/day. Treatments lasted 90 days. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were fasted overnight and slaughtered. The carcasses were cleaned and kept at 4°C for 24 h. The longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle was then separated and preserved in a plastic bag for three preservation periods: no freezing and 30 days and 60 days freezing at −18°C. Several physical, fat, and protein stability analyses of meat were done after the preservation periods. The results indicated no significant effect of drenching Awassi lambs with different aromatic essential oils on the meat’s physical and chemical characteristics. However, these oils, especially clove oil, affected fat and protein stability with increasing preservation period by freezing.
Opportunistic avian nectarivory on flowering Aloe maculata with a review of visiting bird species
Authors: de Swardt Dawie , Kozana Aphiwe
Published: December 2021

Eight bird species were recorded feeding on Aloe maculata (Soap Aloe) nectar at Biddulphsberg, Senekal, Free State, from 23–26 August 2021. Birds were mist-netted as part of a bird ringing study and aloe pollen was noticed on some birds. The flowering aloes attract mainly Malachite Nectarinia famosa and White-bellied Sunbirds Cinnyris talatala as well as Cape Zosterops virens and Orange River White-eyes Z. pallidus. Of the 108 birds ringed or collected, 34 birds (eight species) had aloe pollen on them. These species, including a first record of Black-chested Prinia Prinia flavicans, and a confirmed record of Streaky-headed Seedeaters Crithagra gularis, represent the first observations of birds probing A. maculata flowers.
Representações sociais de mulheres sobre cateterização venosa para procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Juiz de Fora, Brasil., Silva Dutra Herica , Arreguy-Sena Cristina , Cordeiro Ribeiro Fernando , Muniz Braga Luciene , Krempser Paula , Deleon de Melo Laércio
Published: December 2021

Introdução: A cateterização venosa é essencial para procedimentos anestésico-cirúrgicos, com características compatíveis com estabilidade, volume de fluxo em curtos espaços de tempo e grosso calibre a fim de evitar trauma vascular. Objetivo: Identificar as representações sociais de mulheres sobre punção venosa para fins anestésico-cirúrgicos à luz dos estressores de Neuman. Materiais e métodos: Estudo qualitativo por abordagem estrutural das representações sociais realizada em um serviço de cirurgia, Brasil. Amostra de seleção completa (n=180) com delineamento temporal composta por mulheres (idade ≥18 anos) submetidas à punção venosa durante procedimentos anestésico-cirúrgicos. Utilizou-se técnica de evocação livre de palavras com o termo indutor “pegar veia para anestesia e cirurgia”. Realizou-se análise prototípica empregando o software EVOC2003. Os requisitos ético-legais foram atendidos. Resultados: As mulheres tinham de 20 a 39 anos (63%) e 10 a 13 anos de escolaridade (56,1%). No possível núcleo central constam sentimentos (“dor” e “medo-sem-medo”) em oposição à área de contraste “(in)certeza-habilidade-profissional” e “tranquila-fácil” e com elementos objetivados superativados alocados na primeira periferia, retratando estressores intrapessoais, interpessoais e extrapessoais. Discussões: A dor, enquanto objeto representacional, remeteu à função justificadora quando aproximada da agulha, reafirmando o surgimento de medo, nervosismo e da ansiedade (estressores). Conclusões: Dor, medo, ansiedade e nervosismo foram estressores identificados nas representações sociais que necessitam ser monitorados terapeuticamente por meio de relações interpessoais de confiança entre profissional-usuário, aliando a performance do desempenho, sendo necessário inserir a educação permanente para profissionais que puncionam vasos.
Estimulación temprana en el hogar de infantes que asisten a un centro infantil
Authors:   Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Orozco Restrepo Luz Angélica , Cardona Cañas Maria Fernanda , Barrios Arroyave Freddy Andrés
Published: December 2021

Introducción. En el ambiente del hogar se propician estilos de crianza, aprendizajes, actividades, experiencias y estímulos que modulan la estimulación del niño(a). Objetivo. Identificar el grado de estimulación temprana y su relación con variables de tipología familiar y participación en el cuidado de niños(as) entre 1 y 4 años de un centro de desarrollo infantil en Pereira, Colombia, en 2019. Métodos. Estudio transversal. Se realizó un muestreo tipo censo que incluyó a todos los niños y cuidadores, que cumplían con los criterios de selección (niños sin antecedente de patologías neurológicas, consentimiento informado de cuidadores). Se midieron variables sociodemográficas y de tipología familiar. Se empleó el Inventario de estimulación temprana en el hogar HOME45 (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment). Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado. Para la asociación entre predictores y el puntaje global de estimulación temprana (desenlace: alta/media/baja) se efectuó una regresión logística ordinal. Resultados. Participaron 76 diadas madre-hijo. La mediana de edad de los niños fue 36 meses (RIQ=11, 12-48). El cuidado diario fue brindado en un 67% por la madre. Se evidenció una alta estimulación en el 50% de las diadas. Los predictores que redujeron la probabilidad de estimulación alta fueron (p<0,05): hábito de lectura (No, RP=0,29 (0,09-0,87)), participación en fiestas infantiles (No, RP=0,24 (0,07–0,79)), edad del cuidador (mayor a 36 años, RP=0,95 (0,92-1,00)), estrategia de corrección (castigo verbal o físico, RP=0,16 (0,03-0,98)). Conclusión. Corregir al niño mediante diálogo, incentivar la lectura y participar de fiestas infantiles, además de tener un cuidador menor de 35 años, fueron variables que incrementaron la probabilidad de presentar una alta estimulación.
Adaptación transcultural para Colombia y validez de contenido de la escala RAC de evaluación del riesgo de infección en el adulto hospitalizado
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Rodríguez-Acelas Alba Luz , López de Ávila Mónica , Yampuezán Getial Daniela , de Abreu Almeida Miriam , Cañon-Montañez Wilson
Published: December 2021

Introducción: Las Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud (IAAS) son un grave problema de salud pública, que puede ser prevenidas al identificar los factores de riesgo con el uso de escalas. Objetivo: Adaptar transculturalmente y realizar la validación de contenido y de face de la escala Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañon (RAC) de evaluación del riesgo de infección en adultos hospitalizados. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio metodológico de adaptación transcultural. La recolección de datos se realizó de junio a noviembre de 2020. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 11 especialistas. La escala RAC se evaluó en su conjunto, determinando su alcance, los ítems fueron evaluados individualmente, verificando su claridad, relevancia y pertinencia. Para evaluar cada ítem se utilizó una escala tipo Likert de cuatro niveles. La validez de contenido fue evaluada a través del índice de validez de contenido (IVC). Resultados: Por medio de la evaluación del comité de especialistas fue posible determinar que la escala RAC es apta para uso en el contexto cultural colombiano. Se realizaron ajustes para mejorar la interpretación de algunos ítems. El IVC de los ítems estuvo entre 0.90 a 1.0 y el IVC promedio de la escala fue de 0.98. Discusión: Esta escala permite medir el riesgo de IAAS a un bajo costo, con el fin de poder planear y ejecutar intervenciones por parte del equipo multidisciplinario que tiene a cargo la salud y el cuidado del paciente. Conclusiones: La escala RAC en su versión en español es un instrumento apropiado para la evaluación del riesgo de IAAS en el adulto hospitalizado en Colombia.
Layout optimization methods and tools: A systematic literature review
Authors: Chemim Lucas Stelle , Sotsek Nicolle Christine , Kleina Mariana
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This article aims to show the methods used to optimize layout and tools that have been applied since 2010 in the most diverse production environments.Theoretical Reference: Due to the intense competitiveness and uncertainties in the current market, improving processes and increasing production efficiency by managing the layout of a facility can be one of the methods to benefit organizations. In this context, knowledge of the main tools and methods is essential in defining the conduct of studies.Design/methodology/approach: Research was carried out through a systematic literature review. The databases used were Science Direct and Portal Capes. Using keywords, a defined scope and the relevance of the theme, international articles were selected for reading and discussion.Findings: Through the review, it was possible to select 51 articles which were relevant to the topic. Due to the complexity of the layout management study, it was found that increasingly more algorithms, mathematical and computational models are being used to solve these NP-hardness problems.Research, Practical & Social implications: adjusting to new methods and ways of solving problems laying out facilities, although scenarios can be extremely varied, they can improve business results by making the process more efficient.Originality/value: The article compiles and briefly explains the methods found to optimize the layout, which is of great importance considering the knowledge that these models spread on production management practices.Keywords: Layout optimization. Algorithm. Method. Facility layout planning.
Maturity Business Process Management at Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais
Authors: Neves Mayra Evangelista , Parreiras Fernando Silva , Ferreira Eric de Paula , Corrêa Fábio
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This study aims to assess the maturity of Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais in business process management.Theoretical framework: Business Process Management is an alternative to the standard departmentalized structure. This alternative presents Maturity in Processes as the degree of explicit definition, management, measurement, control and effectiveness that a process has. Thus, this Maturity excels in assessing the current situation in order to direct improvement initiatives and control the development of what is being measured.Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected through a questionnaire, obtaining a sample of 729 respondents, and the data was analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique.Findings: The company being studied is at level 4, and is called quantitatively managed, where the promotion of actions to recognize those responsible for the processes and alignment of information systems to customer needs are some of the actions needed to increase this stage.Research, Practical & Social implications: Through the maturity identified, Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais can promote actions to improve its processes, resulting in social impacts arising from the provision of services to the community.Originality/value: From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes by making use of a maturity model and by showing its results for comparisons between companies; because, empirically, it contributes to that company so that it is aware of its current stage and actions to increase that stage.Keywords: BPM; business process management; BPMMM; maturity model; electrical sector.
2017 program of studies: ice-ocean interactions
Authors: Cenedese Claudia , Timmermans Mary-Louise
Published: December 2021

The 2017 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Summer Study Program theme was Ice-Ocean Interactions. Three principal lecturers, Andrew Fowler (Oxford), Adrian Jenkins (British Antarctic Survey) and Fiamma Straneo (WHOI/Scripps Institution of Oceanography) were our expert guides for the first two weeks. Their captivating lectures covered topics ranging from the theoretical underpinnings of ice-sheet dynamics, to models and observations of ice-ocean interactions and high-latitude ocean circulation, to the role of the cryosphere in climate change. These icy topics did not end after the first two weeks. Several of the Fellows' projects related to ice-ocean dynamics and thermodynamics, and many visitors gave talks on these themes.
GROWTH ANALYSIS OF PRETERM NEWBORNS WITH GASTROSCHISIS DURING HOSPITALIZATION IN A NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: BIGIO Juliana Zoboli Del , FALCÃO Mário Cícero , TANNURI Ana Cristina Aoun
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Gastroschisis, especially complex type, prematurity and low birth weight are associated with a worse clinical outcome with higher mortality, higher incidence of sepsis and catheter-related infection, cholestasis, short bowel syndrome, greater number of days to achieve full diet, longer time of parenteral nutrition and longer hospitalization time. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the growth of preterm newborns with gastroschisis during their hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS: Descriptive study, based on a retrospective cohort (January 2012 to December 2018), including preterm newborns (gestational age less than 37 weeks) with simple and complex gastroschisis admitted in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. The following parameters were analyzed: maternal age, parity, type of delivery, birth weight, gender, gestational age, nutritional adequacy, type of gastroschisis, fasting time, parenteral nutrition time, time until achieving full enteral nutrition, hospitalization time, weight gain and outcome. The results were expressed in percentage, average, and median. RESULTS: A total of 101 newborns with gastroschisis were admitted, of which 59.4% were premature (80.7% of late preterm infants). From the maternal data, the mean age was 21.2 years and 68.3% were primiparous. Regarding childbirth: 80% were cesarean sections. From newborns: the average birth weight was 2137 g, 56.6% were female, the average gestational age was 34.8 weeks, the average weight gain was 20.8 g/day during hospitalization and 83.3% were discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSION: The growth analysis by weight gain (grams/day) during hospitalization in the intensive care unit showed that more than 90% of the sample presented acceptable or adequate weight gain.
Long-term alkali–silica mitigation of high-alkali concrete with cement replacements
Authors: Hooton Douglas , Fournier Benoit
Published: December 2021

In this study, the impact of high-alkali Portland cements on the prescribed level of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) required in the Canadian standard for alkali–silica reaction mitigation was evaluated. On the basis of the results, for concretes containing aggregates exhibiting moderate reactivity, the maximum allowable cement alkali limit was increased from 1.00 to 1.15%. For all the levels of aggregate reactivity, cement alkali contents could be allowed up to 1.25% provided the recommended level of mitigation by SCMs was increased. In the initial laboratory study, mortar bars and concrete prisms were cast and monitored using two different reactive aggregates and recommended levels of fly ash and slag. For the concrete prism tests, the alkali contents of cements were increased to 1.25%, as per the standard, or were increased by 0.25%. Instrumented outdoor exposure concrete blocks, along with additional concrete prisms stored at different temperatures, were cast from numerous mixtures prepared with cement alkali equivalents ranging up to 1.22%. This paper reports on the long-term performance of prisms and concrete blocks after 12 and 27 years. The performance of the outdoor blocks is also compared with the predicted performance based on the results of accelerated mortar bar and concrete prism test.
Numerical analysis of the deep soil failure mechanism for perimeter pile groups
Authors: Watford M. , Templeman J. , Orazalin Z. , Zhou H. , Franza A. , Sheil B.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the lateral limiting pressure offered by the deep ‘flow-around’ soil failure mechanism for perimeter (ring) pile groups in undrained soil is explored using two-dimensional finite-element (FE) modelling. A parametric study investigates the role of group configuration, pile–soil adhesion, group size, pile spacing and load direction on group capacity and corresponding soil failure mechanisms. The FE output shows that the plan group configuration (square or circular) has a negligible influence on lateral capacity for closely spaced perimeter pile groups. When compared to ‘full’ square pile groups with the same number of piles, the present results suggest that for practical pile spacing (≳ two pile diameters), perimeter groups do not necessarily increase capacity efficiency, particularly if the piles are smooth. Nevertheless, perimeter groups are shown to be characterised by both the invariance of their capacity to the direction of loading and their highly uniform load-sharing between piles, which are beneficial features to optimise design.
Effects of bio-chemo-mechanical processes on the properties of contaminated marine sediments
Authors: Sollecito Francesca , Plötze Michael , Puzrin Alexander M. , Vitone Claudia , Miccoli Daniela , Cotecchia Federica
Published: December 2021

A detailed multi-scale investigation of the geotechnical, chemical and mineralogical properties was conducted on contaminated sediment samples collected within the Mar Piccolo, a marine basin in the south of Italy. The basin is located close to one of the most important industrial sites in Europe, which has also been declared ‘at high risk of environmental crisis’ and prioritised for remediation activities. A multidisciplinary investigation campaign showed that the samples collected close to the sea floor are characterised by high values of both heavy metals and organic pollutants and by the presence of significant amount of organic matter. Several samples in the top layer exhibited peculiar geotechnical properties, in terms of plasticity and activity indexes, compressibility and hydraulic permeability. While the prime suspect for such unconventional behaviour was chemo-mechanical coupling between the soil skeleton and contaminants, it turned out that the biogeochemical degradation of organic matter and the presence of microfossils and diatoms is likely to affect significantly the micro to macro behaviour of polluted marine sediments.
El Atlántico, los inmigrantes y la transnacionalización de la enfermedad. Una nueva mirada sobre la epidemia de fiebre amarilla en Buenos Aires (1870-1871)
Authors: Rey Nicolás Fernán
Published: December 2021

La presente investigación analiza la epidemia de fiebre amarilla que arribó a Buenos Aires en el año 1871. A raíz de la pandemia de COVID-19, que puso en jaque al mundo globalizado, se pretende buscar en el pasado los problemas que enfrentaron las sociedades cuando las pestes arribaron a sus puertas. En este caso, se analizan las veloces conexiones transoceánicas de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. A bordo de los buques no solo se transportaban personas, ideas y mercancías, sino también patógenos. A partir del enfoque trasnacional de la historia ambiental, se analizan las denuncias de la prensa porteña de la época, las memorias de la Junta Sanitaria del Puerto de Buenos Aires, las memorias de la Comisión Central de Inmigración, y artículos del periódico español Eco de Alicante, para establecer un vínculo entre la epidemia desatada hacia finales de 1870 en Barcelona, y la comenzada en Buenos Aires en 1871. Se concluye que, estando estos dos puertos conectados permanentemente entre sí, y ambos sujetos a las impericias a bordo de los buques, el hacinamiento de los pasajeros y el deficiente control de las autoridades sanitarias, la epidemia de fiebre amarilla de Buenos Aires puede haber arribado desde Barcelona y no solo desde Asunción, como se sostiene en la bibliografía consultada.

Abstract

This investigation analyses the yellow fever epidemic that arrived to Buenos Aires in the year 1871. Connected with the COVID-19 pandemic that defied the globalized world, it is intended to look in the past the problems that the societies faced when the plagues arrived at their front doors. In this case, the transoceanic connections that took place until the second half of the19th century will be analyzed. The ships not only transported people, ideas and cargo, but also pathogens inside them. From the transnational approach to environmental history, the newspapers’ reports, the memories of the Buenos Aires port health commission, those of the Central Immigration Commission, as well as articles from the Spanish newspaper Eco de Alicante will be analyzed, to stablish a connection between the epidemic developed in the end of 1870 in Barcelona the one that started in Buenos Aires in 1871. It is concluded that, being these two ports attached permanently and forced to face the shortcomings above the ships, such as the overcrowding of passengers and the deficient control of the sanitary authorities, the yellow fever epidemic of Buenos Aires could have arrived from Barcelona as well and not only from Asunción, as the consulted bibliography states.
Criminal and Administrative Measures to Protect Forests from Illegal Logging in Ukraine
Authors: Khan Aleksandr , Pevko Stanislav , Yushkevich Elena
Published: December 2021

The conducted research showed a lack of coordination between different norms of Ukrainian criminal and administrative laws that define the offences in the sphere of illegal logging, and determine the type and degree of liability for committing them. This lack of coordination is manifested, specifically, in the competition of certain norms, their ineffectiveness, and the absence of liability for certain publicly dangerous actions connected with illegal logging and damaging trees. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of criminal administrative offences in this sphere and formulated recommendation on improving criminal and administrative legislations that protect public relations in the sphere of protecting forests in Ukraine. They suggest the following: 1) amending Art. 65 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences by establishing liability for selling illegally logged timber or shrubs; 2) amending Art. 246 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and Art. 65 the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences by introducing administrative liability for buying illegally logged timber or shrubs, as well as criminal liability for buying illegally logged timber or shrubs if it inflicted considerable damage; 3) amending Art. 246 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine by introducing criminal liability for destroying or damaging forest plantations, seedlings, young plants in tree nurseries and plantations, as well as young trees of natural origin and self-seed plants in the areas designated for reforestation if that inflicted considerable damage on protected public relations. The presented suggestions on improving current criminal and administrative legislations of Ukraine are aimed at improving the effectiveness of counteracting illegal logging in the country.
Criminological Policy of the Russian Federation: the Concept of Judicial Reform and Justice of the Peace
Authors: Tuganov Yuri , Aulov Vladimir
Published: December 2021

The article presents a legal approach to the problem of the influence of the judicial system segment of Russian criminological policy on the effectiveness of the general prevention of deviant behavior. Within this framework, the authors compare the assumptions of the program documents that described the criminological parameters of justice of the peace during its introduction in the contemporary judicial system, and the results achieved by this introduction. By analyzing the Decree of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR «On the Concept of Judicial Reform in the RSFSR», the authors demonstrate that this document was aimed at legitimizing confederative relationships in the Russian Federation with the design of the judicial system of «cooperative federalism» type. The justice of the peace, whose status and jurisdiction are only schematically outlined in the Concept of Judicial Reform, was to play a decorative role in the political and ideological support of the achievement of a far more ambitious goal. The transformation of Russia into a state of «cooperative federalism» with extreme asymmetry of its subjects would have meant the removal of the opportunity for the justices of the peace to perform the criminological function of courts. The introduction of justices of the peace simultaneously with the adoption of their own codes of material and procedural law in the republics of the RSFSR predetermined the creation of legal systems independent of the federal center in each Russian subject and the blocking of the criminological function of the courts. At the same time, a retrospect reference to the legal tradition of the Russian Empire formed an erroneous understanding of Russian justice of the peace as a unified (since 1864) judicial system, and lead to the development of abstract projects that hindered the implementation of the crime prevention potential of justice of the peace. The result of the criminological policy of the Russian Federation in 1991–1996 was the structuring of the court system of the Russian Federation which was different from the model presented in the Concept of Judicial Reform. The conducted research showed that justice of the peace in Russia duly influences crime prevention.