bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of new total RNA isolation method for tissues with rich phenolic compounds
Authors: Seçgin Zafer , Gökdemir Gökhan , Atabay Elif Seda , Kurt Kızıldoğan Aslıhan , Kavas Musa
Published: July 2020

Background

RNAs to be used in transcriptome analysis must be of high quality and pure in order to ensure maximum representation of the expressed genes. RNA isolation is difficult in hazelnut tissues containing large amounts of secondary metabolite, phenolic compounds and the cell wall structure. Commonly used protocols for RNA isolation are those that require a lot of labor and time and also do not allow sufficient RNA isolation when applied to tissues rich in phenolic compounds. This study was aimed to develop an efficient method for isolation of total RNAs from bud of hazelnut to be used in RNA sequencing.

Materials and methods

An optimized new method was successfully applied on three different hazelnuts genotypes (Çakıldak, Palaz, Tombul) and about 25 times higher amount of total RNAs per mg fresh tissues were obtained compared to classical CTAB method. Different methods have been tried for the isolation of RNA from hazelnut tissues and the determination of the quality of the obtained RNAs.

Results

The quality and quantity of isolalated total RNAs were determined by spectrophotometer, electrophoresis and PCR. This success has been caught without any compromise of purity since A260/A280 ratios ranged from 1.90 to 2.04 and A260/A230 ratios were >2.0 in all purified RNAs.

Conclusion

The total RNAs isolated with new protocol was found to be suitable for RNA sequencing and other molecular applications.
Clinical and imaging features of reversible splenial lesion syndrome with language disorder
Authors: Tang Yi , Zhang Dong , Ge Jian , Jin Jing , Liu Yumeng , Chen Siyuan , He Mingli
Published: July 2020

Reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) is a single-stage non-specific syndrome with unclear pathogenesis. There has been no report on answer delay in patients with RESLES. We report a female patient who was admitted to our department for mixed aphasia accompanied by cognitive impairment. During the rapid improvement of aphasia, there was a clear phase of language output response delay accompanied by resolution of imaging lesions. We analyzed the course and the examination results of the patient and speculated the cause and pathogenesis. RESLES-relevant knowledge was systematically reviewed, which will help doctors in the classification of cerebral function and the diagnosis of RESLES. The specific language and cognitive impairment may be associated with the damage of contact fibers in the bilateral primary and secondary sensory and motor cortices.
Schulformen und geschlechtstypische Berufsorientierungen
Authors: Siembab Matthias , Wicht Alexandra
Published: July 2020

Wir gehen der Frage nach, in welcher Weise die Stratifizierung des Schulsystems einen Einfluss auf geschlechtstypische Berufserwartungen Jugendlicher nimmt: über schulspezifische geschlechtstypische Aspirationen oder sozialstatusbezogene Erwartungen. Wir analysieren Querschnittsdaten der Startkohorte 4 des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS, Wellen 2010–2011) zu Schülerinnen und Schülern der Klassenstufe neun in Deutschland. Anhand von Mehrebenen-Mediationsanalysen zeigen wir, dass schulspezifische Berufsaspirationen den Einfluss der Schulform auf die Berufserwartungen Jugendlicher vermitteln. Niedrige Schulformen, vor allem Hauptschulen, sind dabei durch stärker geschlechtstypische Berufsaspirationen geprägt als Gymnasien. Darüber hinaus sind auch schulspezifische Berufserwartungen hinsichtlich des Sozialstatus für Unterschiede in den geschlechtstypischen Berufserwartungen von Bedeutung. Eine mögliche Erklärung für diesen Befund sind die stark nach Geschlecht segregierten Gelegenheitsstrukturen vor allem im niedrig qualifizierten Arbeitsmarktsegment.
Warum Mütter wechseln, wenn sie bleiben könnten?Der Einfluss betrieblicher Merkmale auf Arbeitgeberwechsel von Müttern nach der Geburt des ersten Kindes
Authors: Bächmann Ann-Christin , Frodermann Corinna
Published: July 2020

Die Geburt eines Kindes stellt nach wie vor gerade für den Erwerbsverlauf von Frauen einen kritischen Punkt dar, da sie zumeist mit einer Erwerbsunterbrechung und damit verbunden negativen Karrierekonsequenzen einhergeht. Letztere können jedoch durch eine Fortsetzung des Erwerbsverhältnisses beim bisherigen Arbeitgeber abgemildert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersuchen wir, welche betrieblichen Merkmale die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Betriebswechsel von Müttern nach familienbedingten Erwerbsunterbrechungen reduzieren. Basierend auf Rational Choice Überlegungen und sozialepidemiologischen Argumenten zur Vermeidung von Stress aufgrund antizipierter Rollenkonflikte leiten wir Hypothesen ab, die wir anhand verknüpfter Betriebs- und Beschäftigtendaten testen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass insbesondere konkrete betriebliche familienfreundliche Maßnahmen, wie Unterstützung bei der Kinderbetreuung, die Wechselwahrscheinlichkeit von Müttern beeinflussen. Betriebliche Strukturmerkmale, wie die Betriebsgröße oder Beschäftigtenstruktur, spielen hingegen eine untergeordnete Rolle.
Taming of the Hopf bifurcation in a driven El Niño model
Authors: Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Premraj Durairaj , Thamilmaran Kathamuthu , Pham Viet-Thanh , Karthikeyan Anitha , Duraisamy Prakash
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we consider the well-known Vallis model for El Niño driven by an external excitation. The bifurcation studies on the driven Vallis model are conducted with different control parameters. Then we discuss about the taming of the Hopf bifurcation by varying the driving function. We could note that the system changes its state from stable steady state to oscillatory state and vice versa which is achieved by changing the driving function. Finally, two parameter bifurcation plots are derived to show that impact of the driving function on the system bifurcation points.
The syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of two mononuclear manganese(II) complexes involving in situ hydrothermal decarboxylation
Authors: Du Zhong-Xiang , Li Jun-Xia , Liu Shi-Jiang , Wang Zhi-Qiong , Pan Qing-Jie
Published: July 2020

Two new mononuclear compounds [Mn(3-Br-pydc)(H2O)3] (1) and {[Mn(5-Br-pyc)(bipy)(H2O)(Cl)]·2H2O (2) (3-Br-H2pydc = 3-Br-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 5-Br-Hpyc = 5-Br-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have been synthesized by traditional solution reaction and hydrothermal reaction, respectively. In both compounds, the MnII center is six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry, formed by one tridentate chelate 3-Br-pydc dianion and three water molecules in 1, while the coordination sphere consists of one bidentate chelate 5-Br-pyc anion, one bipy, one water molecule, and one chloride anion in 2 (MnNO5 for 1 and MnN3O2Cl for 2). O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, Br⋯O halogen bonds, and/or π-π stacking assist in the construction of the three-dimensional (3D) network structures of 1 and 2. Notably, the 5-Br-Hpyc ligand was generated in situ by decarboxylation of the 3-Br-H2pydc precursor under hydrothermal conditions. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data in the 2–300 K temperature range indicate weak antiferromagnetic coupling in both 1 and 2.
Selected essential oils and their mechanisms for therapeutic use against public health disorders. An overview
Authors: Leherbauer Ingrid , Stappen Iris
Published: July 2020

Today, the numbers of people suffering from lifestyle diseases like diabetes, obesity, allergies and depression increases mainly in industrialised states. That does not only lower patients’ quality of life but also severely stresses the health care systems of these countries. Essential oils (EO) have been in use as therapeutic remedies for centuries against various complaints, but still their effectiveness is being underestimated. In the last decades, a great number of controlled studies have supported efficacy of these volatile secondary plant metabolites for various therapeutic indications. Besides others, EO has antidepressant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antifirogenic and antiallergic effects. In this review the pharmacological mechanisms for selected EO are summarised and discussed with the main attention on their impact against public health disorders. Additionally, toxicity of these oils as well as possible drug interactions is presented.
Traumatic Stress Induces Prolonged Aggression Increase through Synaptic Potentiation in the Medial Amygdala Circuits
Authors: Nordman Jacob , Ma Xiaoyu , Li Zheng
Published: July 2020

Traumatic stress can lead to heightened aggression which may be a symptom of psychiatric diseases such as PTSD and intermittent explosive disorder. The medial amygdala (MeA) is an evolutionarily conserved subnucleus of the amygdala that regulates attack behavior and behavioral responses to stressors. The precise contribution of the MeA in traumatic stress-induced aggression, however, requires further elucidation. In this study, we used foot shock to induce traumatic stress in mice and examine the mechanisms of prolonged aggression increase associated with it. Foot shock causes a prolonged increase in aggression that lasts at least one week. In vivo electrophysiological recordings revealed that foot shock induces potentiation of synapses formed between the MeA and the ventromedial hypothalamus (VmH) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). This synaptic potentiation lasts at least one week. Induction of synaptic depotentiation with low-frequency photostimulation (LFPS) immediately after foot shock suppresses the prolonged aggression increase without affecting non-aggressive social behavior, anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, or fear learning. These results show that potentiation of the MeA-VmH and MeA-BNST circuits is essential for traumatic stress to cause a prolonged increase in aggression. These circuits may be potential targets for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat the aggression symptom associated with psychiatric diseases.
The Legal Fiction of Recognizing the Duties of an Academic Teacher as a Creative Activity
Authors: Bakalarz Tomasz
Published: July 2020

Polish tax law contains favourable regulations on the income obtained from the use of copyrights. An employee, for example, an academic teacher, can also take advantage of these preferential conditions if s/he performs creative activities as part of her/his professional duties.

The preferential settlement of the payroll tax on the employment of an academic teacher raises doubts from the point of view of tax authorities. What is problematic is how to determine the scale of creative work and the amount of remuneration strictly for this type of work. In the new Law on Higher Education and Science, the legislator intends to resolve these doubts by assuming that performing teaching duties is a creative activity. Consequently, all remuneration is due for the work of the creator and is taxed more favourably.

In this text, the author makes a critical analysis of the legal fiction contained in Article 116 section 7 of the Law on Higher Education and Science. The author assesses the effectiveness of legal regulations in achieving the purpose of the Law – resolving doubts concerning preferential taxation of remuneration for the work of an academic teacher.
The Rector’s Competence in Disciplinary Procedures in the Case of Academic Teachers
Authors: Bocheńska Aleksandra
Published: July 2020

The main area of interest of this paper focuses on the rector’s area of competence in disciplinary procedures in the case of academic teachers. This paper is an attempt to characterize and assess the rector’s competence as far as disciplinary responsibility of an academic teacher is concerned. The attempt to evaluate the controlling mechanism of the rector’s legal decisions was also undertaken. The legal range of the rector’s disciplinary competence is relevant from the point of view of the correct and effective decision making with regards to public higher education institution duties.
Movimientos reivindicativos de las mujeres en roma durante el S. II a.c.: el caso de la derogación de la Ley Opia
Authors: Sentís Vicent Alejandra
Published: July 2020

Esta investigación se propone aplicar los estudios de género a la historia antigua, con el objetivo de mostrar la existencia de movimientos sociales reivindicativos protagonizados por las mujeres en la antigua Roma. La hipótesis que sustenta este trabajo es que las mujeres comenzaron a ocupar el ámbito público y a protagonizar reivindicaciones muchos siglos antes de la aparición del feminismo a finales del s. XVIII. Debido a la amplitud del ámbito de estudio considerado este artículo se limita a la época republicana, específicamente en el siglo II a.C. Por ello, se ha decidido analizar un caso concreto: la manifestación de las matronas romanas para la derogación de la ley Opia (195 a.C.). La metodología de la investigación ha consistido en la lectura crítica y el análisis con perspectiva de género de las fuentes clásicas junto con una revisión de la bibliografía moderna. La ley Opia impuso severas restricciones en los bienes y libertades de las mujeres romanas de la élite, lo que provocó que veinte años después de su promulgación tuviera lugar un movimiento organizado liderado por ellas, que obtuvo el apoyo de buena parte de su grupo social. Mientras estas matronas salían a las calles de Roma de forma multitudinaria, en el foro tuvo lugar un debate entre Catón, representando a la facción conservadora de la sociedad en contra de la derogación de la ley Opia, y Valerio, tribuno de la plebe, que estaba a favor de dicha derogación.
LA QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Authors: Efremova Nadezhda F. , Meskhi Besarion Ch. , Shvedova Svetlana V.
Published: July 2020

The article provides information on problems of the education internationalization, the basic principles of integration of higher education and programmes aimed at ensuring the quality of training in European and Eurasian educational spaces. Particular attention is paid to existing approaches to guarantee the quality of higher education and the formation of quality assessment systems at the international, national and regional levels to create the conditions for relevant quality management of education. The construction of an effective system for ensuring and assessing the quality of education in many countries of the world, including Russia, is one of the priorities of the national educational policy. This article is aimed at expanding knowledge about the integration processes in the field of education by using new teaching technologies, research and debates on topics related to the history, politics, economics and legislation of the European Union, as well as EU relations with other regions of the world.
Periodinės spaudos pradmenys unijinėje Lietuvos ir Lenkijos valstybėje
Authors: Patiejūnienė Eglė
Published: July 2020

Kur yra periodikos Lietuvoje ištakos? Paklaustas apie seniausius Lietuvos laikraščius, kiekvienas, kas bent kiek domėjosi ta tema, prisimins lenkų kalba leistus „Lietuvos kurjerį“ (Kurier Litewski, 1760– 1763), „Vilniaus kurjerį“ (Kurier Wileński, 1841–1865), greičiausiai dar Nenaudėlių („Šubravcų“) draugijos leidinį „Gatvės žinios“ (Wiadomości Brukowe, 1816–1822). Ieškant lietuviškosios periodinės spaudos ištakų, teks atsigręžti į Mažąją Lietuvą, kur laikraštėliai iškalbingais pavadinimais – „Nusidavimai Dievo karalystėje“, „Nusidavimai apie evangelijospraplatinimą tarp žydų ir pagonių“ – pradėjo rodytis trečiajame XIX a. dešimtmetyje1. Turbūt plačiausiai žinomas lietuviškas Rytprūsių laikraštis – Frydricho Kuršaičio redaguotas savaitraštis „Keleivis“, ėjęs 1849–1880 m., nors pirmuoju „tikru“ lietuvišku laikraščiu laikomas „Lietuvininkų prietelis“ (pirmas numeris – 1849 04 05 Klaipėdoje)2. Didžiojoje Lietuvoje iki „Aušros“ pasirodymo (1883) lietuvių kalba buvo leidžiami tik rankraštiniai, hektografuoti, vienkartiniai laikraščiai3. Autorė, artėdama „prie ištakų“, nagrinėja dar ankstesnį periodą.Esminiai žodžiai: kartinis laikraštis, efemeridė, propagandos funkcija, sensacija Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje.
Apie doc. dr. Žyginto Pečiulio habilitacijos procedūrai teikiamus mokslo darbus ir jų apžvalgą – „Televizijos kaitos proceso sisteminės analizės metmenys“
Authors: Grigas Romualdas
Published: July 2020

Iš karto privalu pastebėti, kad prelegento doc. dr. Ž. Pečiulio habilitacijos procedūrai pristatyti mokslo darbai (publikacijos) ir jų apžvalga palieka pakankamai fundamentalių, ir, tai svarbu pabrėžti – labai aiškia kryptimi sufokusuotų studijų įspūdį. Autoriaus dėmesio centre – bene viena iš prieštaringiausių, o kartu ir įtakingiausių globalizacijos sklaidos mechanizmų, arba jos institucijų – televizija.
Lietuvos įvykiai “The Times” laikraštyje: politinės ir paveldo komunikacijos ryšys
Authors: Rubinaitė Ramunė
Published: July 2020

Straipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti, kokie Lietuvos įvykiai ir kaip buvo pateikiami nacionaliniame britų laikraštyje „The Times“ 1785–1985 m., kaip jų pateikimas keitėsi per 200 metų laikotarpį ir kokią įtaką publikacijų turiniui turėjo laikraščio leidimo kontekstas.Esminiai žodžiai: „The Times“, Lietuva, politinė komunikacija, skaitmeniniai archyvai, viešoji nuomonė, užsienio politika, žiniasklaida.
The Parliament’s public relations in terms of political journalism
Authors: Vaišnys Andrius
Published: July 2020

While sitting at a place designated for guests in a representative hall of the Lithuanian parliament, the Italian President was smiling at the Speaker of Seimas who was sitting right in front of him and quietly waited until the three minutes dedicated to photojournalists and television cameramen under the protocol were over. When the journalists left, his wide smile vanished, and the President confided to the Speaker of the Seimas that he ‘also’ did not like and even hated journalists but had no other choice than get used to them and be nice because they also ‘were an authority’. He agreed for his words to be translated into Lithuanian and pointed out: “A very powerful authority, unfortunately”. This situation from the end of the 20th century is in no way an exception in terms of the relationship between the media and government even if used in this article as a case example, because the author will present some more of such examples illustrating the issues of public relations (PR) of the parliament in respect of the media. It is just that this scene is quite typical. Even the description of the media as an authority that was voiced that morning was old news since it was publicly announced as in the early as 16th century in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom when observers sitting in the press gallery were called the “fourth estate”. These words of the president, who had a long experience of parliamentary work, reflect the issue of relationship between the government and the media: politicians are constantly striving to make an influence by means of the media while the media, if it is not under the governmental control, naturally distrust politicians, their messages and alleged friendliness to journalists. The journalism, nevertheless, has been recognised as the most effective means of information since the 19th century after the periodic media systems have developed, since it has been able to reach crowds, audiences, public and is still the most effective way to satisfy the need for information about the events and personae of interest to society and therefore is of a permanent interest to political and judicial authorities. That’s why the factor of the media is so important – probably the most important in systemic PR applications. That’s why in our times the structures of authority responsible for PR try not only to understand the methods of journalism but also to ‘integrate’ into the process of journalism to become the main source and even to absorb the nature of the journalism, i.e. to become a medium between a politician and the audience. Let us suppose that social networks allow PR specialists to reach at least part of their audience directly, without using a journalist. Maybe a PR specialist needs to become a journalist then, to reincarnate? The author of this article has a goal to discuss the interaction between the media and public relations when seen through the prism of interests of a state institution. We will use the case of the Lithuanian parliament.
Pagar la batalla. Campillo y el dinero para el ejército de Nápoles y Lombardía, 1734-1735
Authors: Gonzalez-Enciso Agustín
Published: July 2020

La Guerra de Sucesión de Polonia propició a España la posibilidad de relanzar su política revisionista y de tomar Nápoles y Sicilia, lo que consiguió en 1734-1735. Nos planteamos el problema de cómo se pagó esa aventura militar, qué medios se utilizaron y cómo lo gestionó Campillo. Las fuentes confirman que se pagó con préstamos en forma de letras de cambio gestionadas por banqueros italianos en Madrid que giraron las letras sobre colegas de Toscana. En ocasiones, el Estado español pudo disponer de metal precioso americano que envió directamente desde Cádiz a Nápoles. El trabajo estudia las vicisitudes de estos pagos y las relaciones de los banqueros con las autoridades militares, así como la pertinencia de usar letras o metal, según los casos. Es también una ocasión para observar el trabajo económico de un intendente de ejército.
La política de no nuclearización militar del territorio nacional durante los diferentes gobiernos de la Transición (1976-1978)
Authors: Martínez-Lliso Ferran
Published: July 2020

El objeto de estudio que aquí se presenta aspira a analizar en profundidad la política de no nuclearización militar aplicada por los diferentes Gobiernos españoles a lo largo de la denominada como Transición exterior (1976-1988). Para este fin, indagaremos en las continuidades y discontinuidades evidenciadas entre el discurso y la praxis que llevaron a cabo los ejecutivos de UCD de Adolfo Suárez y Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y los que desarrollaron los distintos Gobiernos del PSOE de Felipe González en materia de desnuclearización militar, en vinculación, esencialmente, con las relaciones que mantuvo España durante estos años con Estados Unidos y la OTAN.
El sindicalismo agrario reformista durante la Transición: el ejemplo de AEPA en Valladolid
Authors: Redondo-Cardeñoso Jesús-Ángel
Published: July 2020

En el siguiente artículo analizamos el sindicalismo agrario de tendencia reformista que surgió durante la Transición española, mediante el estudio del ejemplo concreto de la Asociación Empresarial Provincial Agraria (AEPA), creado en la provincia de Valladolid en 1977. Tras realizar una primera aproximación al panorama general del sindicalismo agrario español de la segunda mitad de los setenta, el texto se centra en el estudio de los antecedentes, creación y primer desarrollo de AEPA, para lo cual utilizamos prensa provincial y documentación del Gobierno Civil. El objetivo es mostrar que los sectores agrarios conservadores reformistas también fueron responsables de buena parte del proceso de expansión del sindicalismo que se produjo en el campo español durante la Transición.
Chloride migration measurement for chloride and sulfide contaminated concrete
Authors: Decker M. , Grosch R. , Keßler S. , Hilbig H.
Published: July 2020

Reinforcement corrosion is major reason for concrete structures deterioration. Chlorides from external sources such as seawater and de-icing salts penetrate in the concrete and as soon as a critical threshold reaches the reinforcement level corrosion processes start. Therefore, the characterization of the chloride ingress resistance in form of the rapid chloride migration (RCM) coefficient, DRCM is crucial to classify concretes for given applications and to enable full probabilistic service life prediction. To measure DRCM of chloride-contaminated concrete, a rapid iodide migration test was developed using iodide as penetration ion and an iodine–starch reaction for penetration depth indication. This indicator mixture has the disadvantage that it is not applicable on sulfide containing concretes such as ground granulated blast furnace slag concretes. In this paper, the reason for the unsuitability of this indicator is examined and alternative oxidation agents are found and validated to overcome this problem. The new indicator mixtures with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or/and potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) as oxidation agents are not only insensitive to sulfide contamination but are also applicable to common concrete compositions and could replace the existing indicator universally.
Towards sustainable energy system options for improving energy access in Southern Africa
Authors: Tazvinga Henerica , Dzobo Oliver , Mapako Maxwell
Published: July 2020

Access to modern energy services is one of the pre-requisites to improved livelihood, yet the poor, particularly in developing countries, remain tied to unhealthy and inefficient traditional fuels. Renewable energy technologies are increasingly popular energy supply alternatives to fossil-based fuels in many countries. This study presents sustainable energy system implementation options for increasing energy access in developing countries, with special emphasis on Sub-Saharan Africa. A feasibility case study and various implementation options are presented for possible deployment of these systems. Hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources software was used to simulate and validate the proposed hybrid system design and performance. The simulation results indicate that hybrid systems would be feasible options for distributed generation of electric power for remote locations and areas not connected to the electricity grid. Such a hybrid energy system, through providing modern energy services, gives promise to free-up rural communities to engage in productive activities. The opportunity to power or facilitate productive activities such as agro-processing, fabrication and services can potentially reduce poverty.
Sterilisation and single-use of endodontic files - a short report
Authors: Buchanan GD , Gamieldien MY , Tredoux S , Warren N
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: In many countries, endodontic files continue to be sterilised and reused in multiple clinical cases as the alternative of single-use of these instruments is avoided due to financial reasons. METHODS: A survey was performed including South African general dental practitioners and specialist prosthodontists to determine the current endodontic file sterilisation methods in place and the adoption rate of single-use protocols of both hand and engine-driven instruments. RESULTS: The majority of respondents (76.6%, n=141/184) indicated autoclaving endodontic files prior to reuse. Almost a quarter of the respondents (23.4%, (n=43/184) used only cold sterilisation. Some respondents (2,8%, n=5/181) indicated not sterilising their files at all. A low number of respondents had adopted the single-use of endodontic hand files (10.9%, n=20/184). Engine-driven files were used only once and discarded by 18.5% (n=34/184) of respondents. CONCLUSION: It appears that, at times, acceptable infection prevention and control practices regarding the sterilisation these instruments are not necessarily being adhered to. The adoption of single-use protocols of endodontic files in a South African dental setting is higher than previously reported. Keywords: Endodontic files, single-use, sterilisation, survey.
Water Filtration with Peristaltic Pump or Syringe & DNA Preservation v1
Authors: S Engel Annette , Paterson Audrey , Rigoni Hannah
Published: July 2020

Cells, particulates, and fine sediment (i.e., clay) in water are retained on filters during filtration. Filtered water can be collected for geochemical analyses and nucleic acids (referred to as environmental DNA or eDNA) can be extracted from the filters. This protocol describes water filtration with a 0.22 mm Sterivex (Millipore) filter cartridge by using a peristaltic pump or manually with a syringe, and the preservation of filtered material collected on the filter membrane using CTAB.
Analysis of land cover evolution within the built-up areas based on nighttime light data and Landsat data v1
Authors: Jiwei Ping not provided , Lishuang Sun not provided , Yaohui Han not provided , Xie Zhiwei
Published: July 2020

The method solves the problem of inaccurate descriptions of urban built-up area boundaries from the use of single-source diurnal or nocturnal remote sensing data and was able to achieve an effective analysis of land cover evolution within built-up areas.
O 13 de maio e os embates da memória da abolição
Authors: Fraga Walter
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo pretendo refletir sobre um dia específico da história do Brasil: o 13 de maio de 1888, data em que legalmente foi abolida a escravidão no Brasil. A ideia é ver de que forma aquele acontecimento foi vivenciado por diversos atores envolvidos bem como seus esforços para projetarem aquela data para a posteridade como um momento fundador da história do país. No calor das celebrações que se seguiram à aprovação da chamada Lei Áurea e nos anos seguintes àquele episódio definiram-se campos de disputa em torno da memória da abolição. As disputas giraram em torno de quais personagens e acontecimentos ganhariam relevo nas celebrações e na memória da abolição do cativeiro. Essas disputas foram parte dos embates políticos que sucederam o 13 de maio de 1888 e marcaram os primeiros anos de República.
“Racismo estrutural faz parte das estruturas sociais das nossas sociedades”: entrevista com Daiana Nascimento dos Santos
Authors: Santana Geferson , De Oliveira Tatiane Maria Barbosa
Published: July 2020

Nesta edição contamos com a colaboração da pesquisadora negra e brasileira Daiana Nascimento dos Santos, que está vinculada ao Centro de Estudios Avanzados (CEA) da Universidad de Playa Ancha (UPLA) e atua como professora do programa de Doctorado en Literatura Hispanoamericana Contemporánea da mesma universidade, no Chile. Nossa entrevistada tem Graduação em Letras pela Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Mestrado em Literatura pela Universidad de Chile (UCHILE), Doutorado em Estudos Culturais Latino-americanos pela Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) e realizou um estágio de Pós-Doutorado na área de Literatura comparada pela UPLA. Atualmente, chefia a Cátedra Fernão de Magalhães, vinculada ao Instituto Camões (IC) de Portugal, onde “desenvolverá um programa de investigação no qual a figura do oceano configura, precisamente, as múltiplas possibilidades de cruzamentos de saberes em torno da imagem/tema do ‘oceano’”. Dentre as diversas atividades desenvolvidas junto à Cátedra, podemos destacar o Grupo Internacional de Investigación: océanos, desplazamientos y resistencias en la literatura contemporânea,   os periódicos internacionais que colabora como membro do Conselho Consultivo da Revista Nordestina de História do Brasil (RNHB) e do Conselho Científico do selo editorial História da América Latina, coordenado pelo mesmo periódico.
Sobre el Derecho a la Resistencia en Immanuel Kant
Authors: Vera Díaz Adriana
Published: July 2020

Resumen: los escritos en los cuales Kant habla sobre la posibilidad de ejercer un derecho de resistencia, es notable su firme desacuerdo al mismo, al calificar la acción de resistencia como totalmente inadmisible y se considera por tanto el peor de los delitos; dicha postura lo lleva a conservar la preponderancia del orden actual del Estado. Sin embargo, es fácil presuponer que la resistencia, junto con las implicaciones y los recursos que esta considere necesarios, fuera considerada como la respuesta lógica ante las injusticias para quien se le ha adjudicado dentro de la tradición de los pensadores de la libertad. En el presente escrito enfocaremos la atención en el filósofo alemán, desarrollando una descripción de sus argumentos frente a su postura antes mencionada, y las contradicciones que se han presentado en sus ejes temáticos del ámbito político
El Realismo Científico y la Inducción Pesimista: un debate abierto
Authors: Islas Mondragón Damián
Published: July 2020

Resumen: el debate entre los defensores de ciertas versiones del Realismo Científico y los autores que argumentan a favor de la inducción pesimista, sigue abierto. Este estudio fue hecho con el objetivo de mostrar que el argumento de la inducción pesimista representa un reto serio para estas versiones del Realismo Científico. En la primera parte del texto revisaré algunas de las diferentes maneras de caracterizar la inducción pesimista, enfatizando el tipo de compromiso realista con el que discuten, esto es, si es de índole semántico, epistémico o metafísico. En la segunda parte analizo tres estrategias que se han desarrollado para socavar la inducción pesimista, así como los contra argumentos formulados por los defensores de la inducción pesimista ante estos ataques. Muestro que ninguna de estas tres estrategias logra su objetivo. Termino sugiriendo una posible línea de investigación sobre el tema.
Alveolar Cortical Bone Density among Different Facial Types: A CBCT Study
Authors: G. Varun , Datana Sanjeev , S. S. Agarwal , S. K. Bhandari
Published: July 2020

Aim: To evaluate and compare the cortical bone density amongst skeletally Class I individuals with different facial forms using Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted using pre-treatment CBCT records of 45 patients, 15 each of hyperdivergent, normodivergent and hypodivergent facial pattern categories selected from the institutional archives. Median bone density was assessed in anterior and posterior sites of maxilla and mandible, followed by comparison of data between hypodivergent, normodiveregent and hyperdivergent subjects. The inter-group statistical comparison of continuous variables was done using Kruskal-Wallis H test. Intra-group statistical comparison of continuous variables was done using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Median anterior bone density in maxilla and mandible were relatively similar across the 03 facial patterns (P>0.05). However, buccal cortical bone density was increased in normodivergent and hypodivergent subjects compared to hyperdivergent subjects, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). It was also noticed in this study that the density of left buccal region was higher when compared to right which was statistically significant (P<0.05), across 3 facial patterns. Conclusion: This study concludes that hyperdivergent subjects have relatively less dense bones in both maxilla and mandible as compared to other facial patterns. Clinically, it is advised to place wider diameter and increased length TADs in these subjects for better initial and long term stability. However, long term prospective studies with a larger sample size are required to validate the findings of these studies.
Odontogenic Myxoma with Osteocementum-like Calcifications: A Rare Histological Variant
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Kamboj Mala , Narwal Anjali , Devi Anju
Published: July 2020

Odontogenic myxoma is a benign, locally aggressive neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. Histologically, the tumor exhibits spindle or stellate cells embedded in loose myxoid extracellular matrix and sometimes sparsely scattered residual bone and dystrophic mineralization in tumor stroma. Although, lesion sometimes presents with residual bony trabeculae but the formation of osteocementum-like calcifications is an extremely rare phenomenon. The present paper highlights two cases of odontogenic myxoma with osteocementum-like calcifications with emphasis on additional differential diagnosis that arose because of them and their effect on behavior of the lesion.
Evaluation of Various Tongue Patterns in Namakkal District-Role in Forensic Dentistry
Authors: Srichinthu Kenniyan Kumar , Harikrishnan Prasad , M Rajmohan , Perumal Prema , Gunabalan Tusmitha , S Saliha Anjum
Published: July 2020

Background: Human identification is one of the most challenging areas in forensic field that man has been confronted with. Identification of an individual plays an important role in any crime investigation, mass disaster and in deceased cases. Materials and Methods: Sixty healthy individuals, which included 30 males (Group I) and 30 females (Group II) in the age group of 11 to 60 years, were included in this study. An alginate impression of the dorsal surface and lateral borders of the tongue was also made in a pre-customized acrylic tray. Positive replica of the tongue was made by pouring type II dental stone on alginate impression and used for identification purpose. The various parameters that were recorded for each subject include shape of tongue (U/V shape), margins of the tongue (smooth/scalloped) and texture of tongue (normal, fissures, bifid/cleft). Results: The data collected was tabulated and statistical analysis was done using SPSS software (version 20). Pearson's chi"‘square test was performed to compare the results obtained from the different groups, and Cramer's V was determined to assess the relationship between gender and tongue morphological characteristics. Conclusion: The morphology of tongue margins, texture and shape showed significant variation among genders which can be reliable for personal identification.
Ceramic Veneers as a New Era in Esthetic Dentistry: A Case Series
Authors: Iqbal Nimra , Dewan Ruchika , Kochhar Rohit
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article is to improve the dental esthetics of patients with discolored teeth with the help of glass ceramics. The prolonged success of veneers is dependent on the tooth preparation that must be limited to enamel, cervical margin should be maintained, and involve the proximal contact area. The resistance of veneers is increased by involving the incisal edge of the tooth. Through careful treatment planning, the ceramic veneers in the treatment are used conservatively, with mechanical stability and biocompatibility with the surrounding tissues, obtaining excellent aesthetic results and clinical longevity.
Bilateral Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis with Rare Finding of Odontogenic Keratocyst Extending into Ankylosed Segment: An Anomaly within Anomaly
Authors: Shakya Neelam , Agarwal Deepak , Niwaskar Vilas , Balke Vidhya
Published: July 2020

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is a pathological condition where the mandible fused to the glenoid fossa by bony and fibrotic tissues, which leads to a restriction of the mouth opening from partial reduction to complete immobility of the jaw. It is most commonly associated with trauma followed by local or systemic infection, tumors or systemic disease such as ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, or psoriasis. This is a case report of an unusual presentation of bilateral Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) ankylosis with rare finding of odontogenic keratocyst extending into the ankylosed segment. The CT scan revealed a welldefined with multicystic radiolucency appearance replaced the usual picture of TMJ ankylosis of a radio-opaque mass obliterating the normal architecture of the joint. Surgical exploration revealed cystic cavity filled with cheesy material within the ankylosed mass on right side of TMJ.
The Purchase and Attitude Patterns of Handloom Customers A Gender Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sree Vyshnavi Parala Venkata , Nair Suja S
Published: July 2020

The todays customers got familiarized to the low-cost clothing with latest designs and offered available widely in the stores. In such a situation, it has almost become a big challenge for the handloom products, which are traditional, comparably highly-priced, limited designs and less durable. Furthermore, the middlemen/channels are making profits with duplication of the handloom products. Nearly half of the customers can’t differentiate handloom products. This made the situation more disastrous for the handloom sector and the weavers. Hence, a study has been conducted to answer the questions: How much the customers are aware of handlooms? How the customers feel, opine and purchase handloom products by considering the four p’s (Product, Price, Place and Promotion)? and detecting the problems of handloom customers regarding the sector. this paper answers these questions.
COMER A PRÓPRIA CARNE: O MITO PESSOAL COMO DISPARADOR DO PROCESSO DE CRIAÇÃO CÊNICA
Authors: Almeida Saulo Vinicius
Published: July 2020

ResumoEste artigo analisa o conceito de mito pessoal e seus desdobramentos em duas performances teatrais, Sebastian e Cura. Utiliza como base teórica os estudos do mito de Mircea Eliade, os estudos da psicologia profunda em sua relação com os conteúdos mitológicos de Carl Gustav Jung e seus continuadores e os escritos de Grotowski. Propõe a partir do mito pessoal a instauração de uma zona inconsciente de comunicação entre o performer e as testemunhas por via da infecção psíquica.AbstractThis article analyzes the concept of personal myth and its ramifications in two theatrical performances, Sebastian and Cura. It uses as theoretical base the studies of the myth of Mircea Eliade, the studies of analytical psychology in its relation with the mythological contents of Carl Gustav Jung and its followers and the writings of Grotowski. It proposes from the personal myth the establishment of an unconscious zone of communication between the performer and the witnesses through the psychic infection.
O FEDERALISMO FISCAL BRASILEIRO E SUAS LIMITAÇÕES: ESTUDO DO FPM E A EQUALIZAÇÃO DAS RECEITAS PER CAPITA DOS MUNICÍPIOS DOS ESTADOS DO PARÁ E MINAS GERAIS NO ANO DE 2017
Authors: Beker Artur
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho tem por intuito investigar os critérios de repasse do Fundo de Participação dos Municípios – FPM e quais os níveis de equalização fiscal obtidos por estes comparando os impactos dos recursos do mesmo nos orçamentos dos municípios de Pará e Minas Gerais no ano de 2017. Entende-se que os critérios utilizados pelo fundo, principalmente populacionais, estão desatualizados e não levam em consideração as peculiaridades e demais formas de financiamento dos municípios, nos estados estudados muito em razão da existência da atividade mineradora, alcançando resultados insuficientes na equalização das receitas. Em relação ao FPM, objeto deste trabalho, identificou-se que as principais distorções acerca de municípios de mesmo porte, de Pará e Minas Gerais, que apresentavam receitas per capita muito díspares se deu pela existência dos municípios mineradores. Assim como em outros estados poderá haver distorções em relação a outros fatores, como no Rio de Janeiro e os municípios que recebem royalties do petróleo.        Em momento algum, considera-se que tais especificidades de municípios sejam ruins, o que se levanta é a questão da necessidade dos mecanismos redistributivos se adaptarem a estas diferentes capacidades de financiamento dos municípios brasileiros a fim de se aproximarem cada vez mais de um sistema de equalização..
Factores Psicosomáticos en la toxemia del embarazo.
Authors: Fernández Bastidas Miguel A. , Romero Hernando , Restrepo Bertha , Méndez Alvaro
Published: July 2020

Interesados desde hace algún tiempo con el capítulo de la toxemia del embarazo y después de haber analizado muchos de sus problemas diagnósticos, etiológicos y de tratamiento en el Departamento de Toxemia de la antigua Clínica 1º de Mayo y hoy en la Clínica San Pedro Claver de Bogotá (1) (2) (3) (4) creado con el objeto de perfeccionar tales estudios, llevamos a cabo las observaciones motivo del presente estudio.
Cáncer del cuello uterino
Authors: Pardo Vargas Francisco
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo tiene por objeto presentar los resultados de la Campaña adelantada en el Consultorio de Diagnóstico Precoz del Cáncer, entidad que funciona como Dependencia de la Secretaría de Salud Pública de Bogotá, analizando el aspecto del Cáncer del Cuello uterino en el grupo de población examinada.
La histerografía y la pelvigrafía gaseosa en el estudio del cáncer del cuerpo uterino
Authors: Guerrero Antonio , Restrepo Fabio
Published: July 2020

Indicaciones. Este método ha sido utilizado especialmente para estudiar el estado de permeabilidad de las trompas ( histerosalpingografía) pero su interés en el diagnóstico y estudio de las extensiones del cáncer del cuello y del cuerpo uterinos han sido objeto de pocas observaciones en nuestro medio.
Embarazo prolongado
Authors: Sánchez Torres Fernando
Published: July 2020

Si aceptamos como "embarazo prolongado" toda gestación que va más allá de la duración normal , es necesario precisar qué se en tiende por "duración normal ". En todas las especies animales la duración del ciclo gravídico tiende a ser constante; en la especie humana dura aproximadamente 280 días, a partir del primer día de la última menstruación. Este lapso corresponde a la "duración aparente", pues la "duración real" es el tiempo transcurrido desde la fecundación hasta el parto.
Challenges in the Implementation of Performance Management System in Namibian Public Sector
Authors: Kaupa Stewart , Olusegun Atiku Sulaiman
Published: July 2020

Organizational performance of the management system helps top management achieve strategic business objectives and goals. It provides valid and useful information for making strategic decisions concerning employees. It includes information on employee’ performance, and organizational and supervisor’s expectations. Despite the benefits arising from the implementation of a well-designed performance management system, the public sector in Namibia still faces challenges when it comes to its realization. It is against this background that this study aimed to investigate the challenges faced by the public sector in the implementation of a performance management system in Namibia. The study used a qualitative research method and collected data through interviews. The sample consists of 42 participants. The data gathered was reviewed against the literature on the subject. The thematic data analysis technique was used to analyze the data, where core topics emerging from the discussion and interviews were grouped and analyzed. This research identifies a lack of training and proper orientation in performance management as primary challenges in adopting a performance management system in the public sector. The other contributing factors include inadequate monitoring and evaluation, the shortage of policies supporting the implementation process, poor communication in performance planning, performance reviews, poor feedback on performance and lack of employee involvement in the implementation of the performance management system. Hence, management should provide training and workshops to sensitize the employees on the aims and benefits of a performance management system and develop policies to enforce compliance in the public sector.