bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of hematologic abnormalities between hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 positive and negative patients with correlation to disease severity and outcome
Authors: Jain Swasti , Meena Rachana , Kumar Vijay , Kaur Ranvinder , Tiwari Umesh
Published: April 2022

Peripheral blood smear (PBS) changes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are diverse and have been reported in the literature in the form of case series with relatively smaller sample sizes and with a handful of studies showing the association between PBS and clinical severity. This study aims to highlight the numerical and morphological changes in peripheral blood of COVID‐19 patients and to compare the same in intensive care unit (ICU) and non‐ICU settings as well as with disease severity and outcome. The study included 80 COVID‐19 positive (41 ICU and 39 non‐ICU) patients and 32 COVID‐19 negative ICU patients. Complete blood counts (CBCs) and PBS findings were studied and scored by two pathologists blindfolded. Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and absolute eosinophil count (AEC) were significantly lower in COVID‐19 positive cases as compared to the COVID‐19 negative group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001). COVID‐19 positive group showed significant left myeloid shift (p = 0.021), Dohle bodies (p = 0.025) with significant prominence of acquired pseudo–Pelger–Huët anomaly, ring‐shaped neutrophils, monolobate neutrophils, and plasmacytoid lymphocytes as compared to control group (p = 0.000, p = 0.009, p = 0.046, and p = 0.011, respectively). The overall mean white blood cell (WBC) counts were higher in COVID‐19 positive ICU patients as compared to non‐ICU COVID patients with significant shift to left, presence of ring‐shaped neutrophils, monocyte vacuolation, and large granular lymphocytes (p = 0.017, p = 0.007, p = 0.008, and p = 0.004, respectively). Deceased group showed significantly higher WBC count (p = 0.018) with marked neutrophilia (p = 0.024) and toxic granulation (p = 0.01) with prominence of monocyte vacuolization, ring‐shaped neutrophils, large granular lymphocytes, and reactive lymphocytes. Parameters like myeloid left shift, ring‐shaped neutrophils, monocyte vacuolation, and large granular lymphocytes emerged as highly sensitive markers of disease severity. Therefore, serial CBC with comprehensive PBS analysis should be done in every newly diagnosed hospitalized COVID‐19 patient which potentially predicts the course of the disease.
Gender diversity and team performance under time pressure: The role of team withdrawal and information elaboration
Authors: Kearney Eric , Razinskas Stefan , Weiss Matthias , Hoegl Martin
Published: April 2022

Findings in the extant literature are mixed concerning when and how gender diversity benefits team performance. We develop and test a model that posits that gender‐diverse teams outperform gender‐homogeneous teams when perceived time pressure is low, whereas the opposite is the case when perceived time pressure is high. Drawing on the categorization‐elaboration model (CEM; van Knippenberg, De Dreu, & Homan, 2004), we begin with the assumption that information elaboration is the process whereby gender diversity fosters positive effects on team performance. However, also in line with the CEM, we argue that this process can be disrupted by adverse team dynamics. Specifically, we argue that as time pressure increases, higher gender diversity leads to more team withdrawal, which, in turn, moderates the positive indirect effect of gender diversity on team performance via information elaboration such that this effect becomes weaker as team withdrawal increases. In an experimental study of 142 four‐person teams, we found support for this model that explains why perceived time pressure affects the performance of gender‐diverse teams more negatively than that of gender‐homogeneous teams. Our study sheds new light on when and how gender diversity can become either an asset or a liability for team performance.
Inkjet‐printed multi‐color arrays based on eco‐friendly quantum dot light emitting diodes with tailored hole transport layer
Authors: Zhan Shijie , Suh Yo‐Han , Fan Xiang‐Bing , Yang Jiajie , Ni Limeng , Kim Yoonwoo , Jo Jeong‐Wan , Choi Hyung Woo , Jung Sung‐Min , Shin Dong‐Wook , Lee Sanghyo , Kim Jong Min
Published: April 2022

Cadmium‐free quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) have held the potential to revolutionize the next‐generation displays with their advantages in color gamut, luminance intensity, and solution processibility. As a promising way of realizing large‐area QLED display production, inkjet printing has been intensively studied on Cd‐based QLEDs but lacks exploration in fabricating Cd‐free devices. Here, we developed Cd‐free RGB inkjet‐printed QLEDs with tailored hole transport layers (t‐HTLs) using Cd‐free QDs including InP/ZnSeS red and green QDs and ZnTeSe/ZnSe/ZnS blue QDs. With the t‐HTLs, QD ink erosion on the bottom charge transport layer was remarkably suppressed, while the efficient hole transport was maintained, which kept high device performance, especially in the QLED lifetime. With bank structures, Cd‐free QLED pixels were well defined within the size of 60 μm × 160 μm. Based on the t‐HTL structure and the bank structures, inkjet‐printed Cd‐free RGB QLED pixel arrays were demonstrated. This study bridges the gap between existing Cd‐free QLED technologies and the future commercialization of Cd‐free self‐emissive QD displays.
Polymerized Naphthalimide Derivatives as Remarkable Electron‐Transport Layers for Inverted Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Linqiao , Chen Yaoqiong , Tao Wuxi , Wang Ke , Peng Zeyan , Zheng Xiaolong , Xiang Changhao , Zhang Jian , Huang Meihua , Zhao Bin
Published: April 2022

Two polymerized naphthalimide derivatives, named as N‐TBHOB and N‐DBH, are prepared by quaternization. They exhibit excellent performance as electron‐transport layers (ETLs) in inverted organic solar cells (i‐OSCs). The results indicate N‐TBHOB with a reticulated structure owns a superior performance on electron extraction, electron transport, thickness tolerance, and less carrier recombination compared with N‐DBH with linear structure. The i‐OSCs based on N‐TBHOB with PTB7‐Th:PC71BM as the active layer achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 10.72% and 10.03% under the thickness of 11 and 48 nm respectively, which indicates N‐TBHOB possesses better thickness tolerance than most of organic ETLs in i‐OSCs. N‐TBHOB also shows more competent performance than N‐DBH and ZnO in nonfullerene i‐OSCs for comprehensively improved Jsc, Voc, and fill factor (FF) values. Its i‐OSC with PM6:Y6 blend presents a high PCE of 16.78%. The study provides an efficient strategy to prepare ETLs by combining conjugated and nonconjugated units with a reticulated structure in the backbone for high‐performance i‐OSCs.
Bilateral Focused Ultrasound Pallidotomy for Parkinson‐Related Facial Dyskinesia—A Case Report
Authors: Stieglitz Lennart H. , Mahendran Sujitha , Oertel Markus F. , Baumann Christian R.
Published: April 2022

Background

For safety reasons, both magnetic resonance‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHiFUS) thalamotomy and pallidotomy are currently approved exclusively for unilateral treatment, but axial symptoms like levodopa‐induced orofacial dyskinesia require a bilateral approach.

Objectives

We report the first case of successful bilateral MRgHiFUS pallidotomy for peak‐dose dyskinesia in a patient with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

The treatment decision was based on the patient's reluctance toward brain implants and pump therapies and the fact that he had limited access to a deep brain stimulation center in his home country. The treatment was planned as staged procedure with an interval of 18 months because of travel restrictions because of the coronavirus disease (COVID)‐19 pandemic.

Results

After the second treatment, levodopa‐induced orofacial dyskinesia remitted and improved bradykinesia and rigidity with stable gait and good postural reflexes.

Conclusions

This promising result suggests that in selected PD patients with dyskinesia, staged bilateral MRgHiFUS pallidotomy might be considered.
Ground state solutions for planar periodic Kirchhoff type equation with critical exponential growth
Authors: Wei Jiuyang , Tang Xianhua , Zhang Limin
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we prove the following nonlocal Kirchhoff problem of the type

has a Nehari‐type ground state solution when
and
are periodic on
and
has critical exponential growth in the sense of Trudinger–Moser inequality on
. We develop some new approaches to estimate precisely the minimax level of the energy functional and to recover the compactness of Cerami sequences of the associated Euler–Lagrange functional. With this in hand, we can overcome difficulties arising from the appearance of the nonlocal term
and the nonlinearity which is of critical growth of Trudinger–Moser type in whole Euclidean space
.
Optimal polynomial stability for laminated beams with Kelvin–Voigt damping
Authors: Cabanillas Zannini Victor R. , Quispe Méndez Teófanes , Sánchez Vargas Juan
Published: April 2022

In this manuscript, we study the asymptotic behavior of two laminated beams systems formed by two identical layers of uniform thickness, whose surfaces are held together by an adhesive layer that allows interfacial sliding. We prove that when single Kelvin–Voigt damping acts on the transverse displacement equation, the system is not exponentially stable. When the system has two frictional dampings, one working on the transverse displacement and the other on the interface, the system is exponentially stable as long as the wave propagation speeds are equal. Then, one could think that if we replace the frictional damping (weak damping), acting on the transverse displacement, with Kelvin–Voigt damping (strong damping), the system should also be exponentially stable, at least when the wave speeds are equal. However, as we show in this work, Kelvin–Voigt damping causes the loss of exponential stability of the system, even when the system's waves' propagation speeds coincide. Therefore, we are in a situation where the weak damping (frictional) is stronger than the strong damping (Kelvin–Voigt). Due to these results of lack of exponential decay, we study the polynomial stability of each of these two systems by obtaining an optimal decay rate in each case.
Paradigm Shift: Applying Capture–Recapture Techniques to Electronic Licensing System Data to Estimate Chinook Salmon Harvest
Authors: Riggers Brian L. , Jones Michelle K.
Published: April 2022

Implementing creel surveys that produce robust and unbiased estimates of harvest can be complicated, expensive, and labor intensive. Additionally, field personnel often face safety risks associated with traversing roads and highways, occasionally under inclement travel conditions. Here, we develop an alternative method to estimate recreational fish harvest using a hybrid creel that employs capture–recapture techniques in conjunction with data collected from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife's electronic licensing system. We evaluated the method by comparing harvest estimates between the new approach (e-creel) and estimates from a traditional roving creel conducted on four of Oregon's coastal Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha populations in 2019. Our results indicated that Chinook Salmon harvest estimates derived from our hybrid creel approach were more precise than estimates using traditional creel methods. Both methods generated statistically equivalent estimates of Chinook Salmon recreational harvest, differing by only 3.4%. Estimated mean harvest was 1,264 Chinook Salmon based on the e-creel approach versus 1,258 based on the traditional creel approach. On average, the e-creel estimates reduced the SE by 41% relative to traditional creel estimates. Post hoc assessment of spending associated with creel projects in 2019 suggested that a total savings of US$74,525 in personnel and operational cost, corresponding to an average 15% budget reduction per investigation, could be realized by transitioning from a traditional creel design to an e-creel design.
Time‐adaptive Adomian decomposition‐based numerical scheme for Euler equations
Authors: Garcia‐Beristain Imanol , Remaki Lakhdar
Published: April 2022

Time efficiency is one of the more critical concerns in computational fluid dynamics simulations of industrial applications. Extensive research has been conducted to improve the underlying numerical schemes to achieve time process reduction. Within this context, this paper presents a new time discretization method based on the Adomian decomposition technique for Euler equations. The obtained scheme is time‐order adaptive; the order is automatically adjusted at each time step and over the space domain, leading to significant processing time reduction. The scheme is formulated in an appropriate recursive formula, and its efficiency is demonstrated through numerical tests by comparison to exact solutions and the popular Runge–Kutta‐discontinuous Galerkin method.
Untargeted metabolomics identifies the potential role of monocarboxylate transporter 6 (MCT6/SLC16A5) in lipid and amino acid metabolism pathways
Authors: Ren Tianjing , Jones Robert S. , Morris Marilyn E.
Published: April 2022

Monocarboxylate transporter 6 (MCT6; SLC16A5) is an orphan transporter protein with expression in multiple tissues. The endogenous function of MCT6 related to human health and disease remains unknown. Our previous transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in Mct6 knockout (KO) mice suggested that MCT6 may play a role in lipid and glucose homeostasis, but additional evidence is required. Thus, the objective of this study was to further explore the impact of MCT6 on metabolic function using untargeted metabolomic analysis in Mct6 KO mice. The plasma from male and female mice and livers from male mice were submitted for global metabolomics analysis to assess the relative changes in endogenous small molecules across the liver and systemic circulation associated with absence of Mct6. More than 782 compounds were detected with 101 and 51 metabolites significantly changed in plasma of male and female mice, respectively, and 100 metabolites significantly changed in the livers of male mice (p < .05). Significant perturbations in lipid metabolism were annotated in the plasma and liver metabolome, with additional alterations in the amino acid metabolism pathway in plasma samples from male and female mice. Elevated lipid diacylglycerol and altered fatty acid metabolite concentrations were found in liver and plasma samples of male Mct6 KO mice. Significant reduction of N‐terminal acetylated amino acids was found in plasma samples of male and female Mct6 KO mice. In summary, the present study confirmed the significant role of MCT6 in lipid and amino acid homeostasis, suggesting its contribution in metabolic diseases.
On‐Site Preparation of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Solar Energy
Authors: Dazat Ricardo Elia , Vidal Ezequiel , Lorenzetti Anabela S. , García Carlos D. , Domini Claudia , Silva María F. , Gomez Federico J. V.
Published: April 2022

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) are currently one of the greenest solvents for both academic and industrial purposes. Despite their advantages with respect to traditional solvents, their synthesis typically requires access to power, limiting their applicability to address problems in remote locations. Addressing this shortcoming, this report describes the possibility to use a 3D‐printed solar concentrator for the on‐site preparation of NADES, approach that not only provides a simple way to adjust synthetic conditions but also represents the greenest method for their synthesis reported to date. To highlight the advantages of the approach, the preparation of twelve representative NADES was performed and benchmarked against one of the most traditional methods, involving heating and stirring. According to our results, most of the NADES tested could be prepared on‐site in <40 min and with minimal hardware requirements. Additionally, the NADES prepared were used for the extraction of chlorophyll from Vitis vinifera leaves, prior to its quantification using a smartphone and a 3D printed fluorometer. The greenness of the proposed method (calculated using the AGREE software) rendered a score of 0.86, the best reported to date.
Highly Efficient Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution by Lime‐Preconditioned Phosphogypsum
Authors: Deng Qiulin , Luo Qin , Li Ming , Tu Junhong , Guo Liqing , Wu Liangxian , Zhang Tao , Shi Lianjun , Zhang Hong , Dong Faqin
Published: April 2022

Phosphogypsum (PG) modified by milk of lime (namely lime‐preconditioned phosphogypsum, PPG) is investigated to evaluate the adsorption thereof for removing Congo Red (CR) from aqueous solution. The experimental parameters, such as adsorbent dosage, pH, adsorption temperature, initial CR concentration and contact time, are carefully studied in the batch system. FT‐IR, XRD, BET and SEM are used to characterize the structure and morphology of PPG in the various conditions. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm of PPG onto CR from aqueous solution are fitted using quasi‐first‐order and quasi‐second‐order kinetic equations, and Langmuir and Freundlich models, respectively. The quasi‐second‐order kinetic equation is more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of CR by PPG than the quasi‐first‐order kinetic equation. The equilibrium data of CR is found to best fit to the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity for CR achieved 79.5 mg/g according to Langmuir model. Further, the thermodynamic results show that the adsorption is an endothermic and spontaneous process. Meanwhile, desorption experiments are performed to verify and reveal the adsorption behavior. And the packed micro‐channel is firstly applied to remove CR from aqueous solution. Finally, the adsorption mechanism is speculated according the structure of CR and PPG. PG can be employed as waste‐recycling alternatives for recalcitrant dye removal from aqueous solution.
A New Zinc‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework for Catalytic Synthesis of N‐Substituted Pyrroles
Authors: Tran Y B. N. , Nguyen Phuong T. K.
Published: April 2022

A new zinc‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) Zn2(OAB) [OAB4−=4,4′‐(oxalylbis(azanediyl))bis(2‐oxidobenzoate)), analogous to a well‐studied MOF‐74 structure, was solvothermal synthesized and characterized. The Zn2(OAB) frameworks exhibited accessible mesopore channels (24 Å) and high porosity (SBET=3115 m2 g−1). The presence of the high density of both Lewis acidic Zn sites and −NH− groups derived from the organic OAB4− unit make Zn2(OAB) a promising candidate for catalysis Paal‐Knorr N‐substituted pyrroles synthesis. As such, Zn2(OAB) exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the synthesis of 2,5‐dimethyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrrole with a yield of 96 % at 70 °C for 16 min. Notably, the catalytic activity of Zn2(OAB) outperformed that of homogeneous, heterogeneous catalysts, and representative Zn‐based MOFs (ZIF‐8, MOF‐5, Zn‐MOF‐74). The Zn2(OAB) was also demonstrated to be reused up to eight times without noteworthy loss of its activity.
High‐Voltage, Highly Reversible Sodium Batteries Enabled by Fluorine‐Rich Electrode/Electrolyte Interphases
Authors: Guo Xu‐Feng , Yang Zhuo , Zhu Yan‐Fang , Liu Xiao‐Hao , He Xiang‐Xi , Li Li , Qiao Yun , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: April 2022

High energy density and long‐term cycling stability are crucial factors for the commercialization of sodium batteries in large scale. In this regard, cathode materials that can operate at high voltage have attracted great interest owing to their high energy density. However, traditional electrolytes cannot be used in high‐voltage sodium batteries due to their limited oxidative stability. Therefore, there is a great challenge to develop appropriate electrolytes for high‐voltage cathode materials. Herein, a diluted fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)‐based electrolyte (1 m NaPF6 in FEC/DMC = 2/8 by volume) is designed for Na4Co3(PO4)2P2O7 (NCPP) cathode with a high operation voltage of 4.7 V to achieve superior electrochemical performance with a capacity retention of 90.10% after 500 cycles at 0.5 C and capacity retention of 89.99% after 1000 cycles at 1 C. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NCPP||Na cells can be attributed to the formation of inorganic and robust NaF‐rich cathode electrolyte interphase and F‐rich solid electrolyte interface on high voltage NCPP cathode and Na metal anode, respectively. This work points out a very promising strategy to develop high‐voltage sodium batteries toward practical applications.
Aptamer‐Functionalized Barcodes in Herringbone Microfluidics for Multiple Detection of Exosomes
Authors: Chen Hanxu , Bian Feika , Guo Jiahui , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: April 2022

Tumor‐derived exosomes are vital for clinical dynamic and accurate tumor diagnosis, thus developing sensitive and multiple exosomes detection technology has attracted remarkable attention of scientists. Here, a novel herringbone microfluidic device with aptamer‐functionalized barcodes integration for specific capture and multiple detection of tumor‐derived exosomes is presented. The barcodes with core–shell constructions are obtained by partially replicating the periodically ordered hexagonal close‐packaged colloidal crystal beads. As their inverse opal hydrogel shell possesses rich interconnected pores, the barcodes could provide abundant surface area for functionalization of DNA aptamers to realize specific recognition of target exosomes. Besides, the encoded structure colors of the barcodes can be maintained stably during the detection events as their hardish cores are with sufficient mechanical strength. It is demonstrated that by embedding these barcodes in herringbone groove microfluidic device with designed patterns, the specific capture efficiency and synergetic detection of multiple tumor‐derived exosomes in peripheral blood can be significantly improved due to enhanced resistance of turbulent flow. These features make the aptamer‐functionalized barcodes and herringbone microfluidics integrated platform promising for exosomes extraction and dynamic tumor diagnosis.
An experimental study on strength and durability characteristics of self‐curing self‐compacting concrete
Authors: Dey Subhashish , Kumar Vemu Venkata Praveen , Phani Manoj Akula Venkata
Published: April 2022

The present study is focused on the compressive strength, water retention, and workability by varying the percentage of poly ethylene glycol 200 and liquid paraffin wax from 0% to 1% by weight of cement for self‐compacting concrete and compares it with conventional SCC. Percentages of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% (in proportion to the weight of cement) were adopted in the study. The comparison was done in a grade concrete and with cases such as indoor curing and water‐based curing. Slump‐flow test and V‐funnel tests were carried out on the fresh concrete to evaluate the workability of concrete. Concrete weight loss with time is evaluated to determine the water retention capacity. Compressive strength of cube specimens was conducted at the end of 7 and 28 days of curing. The durability of the concrete was assessed by immersing the concrete specimens in acids. The fresh properties were satisfied according to EFNARC specifications. Based on the weight loss percentage and satisfaction of compressive strength, the dosage of a self‐curing compound was determined. XRD analysis of the concrete was also performed on the concrete specimens.
Regulating closed pore structure enables significantly improved sodium storage for hard carbon pyrolyzing at relatively low temperature
Authors: Zhou Siyu , Tang Zheng , Pan Zhiyi , Huang Yuancheng , Zhao Le , Zhang Xi , Sun Dan , Tang Yougen , Dhmees Abdelghaffar S. , Wang Haiyan
Published: April 2022

The closed pore has been considered as the key structure for Na ion storage in hard carbon. However, the traditional view is that closed pores can only be formed by the curling of graphite‐like crystallites in the case of high temperature carbonization. Ingenious designing of closed pore structures at lower temperature is still blank. Herein, for the first time, engineering the wall thickness and number of closed pores in waste rosewood‐derived hard carbon was successfully achieved at a low temperature of 1100°C by removing the lignin and hemicellulose components in wood precursor. When applied as an anode material, the optimum sample exhibits a high capacity of 326 mAh/g at 20 mA/g and a remarkable rate capability of 230 mAh/g at 5000 mA/g, significantly higher than those of the untreated sample (only 33 mAh/g at 5000 mA/g). The significantly improved Na storage performance should be attributed to abundant closed pores that provide sufficient spaces for Na storage and thin pore wall structure that is beneficial to the diffusion of Na+ in the bulk phase. This work provides a new idea for the future application of biomass‐based hard carbon for advanced Na ion batteries.
Transnational Mexican Youth Negotiating Languages, Identities, and Cultures Online: A Chronotopic Lens
Authors: Lam Wan Shun Eva , Christiansen Martha Sidury
Published: April 2022

This article presents a case study with two transnational Mexican youth that came from a larger study of the digital media practices of young people in an urban high school. Our study takes a chronotopic (Bakhtin, 1981) lens to understand the youths' accounts of their digital communication. Analysis of interviews and observations with the youth when they described their online activities show that the youth employed digital literacies to vicariously “live” experiences and keep up with life away from their families in Mexico. The youth situated their activities in three distinct but dialogical chronotopes (family, hometown, and transborder) to create transnational connections and make sense of who they are. They drew on digital artifacts to narrate themselves, developed familial, cultural, and political knowledge, and expanded their linguistic repertoires in the process. The findings have implications for TESOL classrooms that seek to build on the border‐crossing experiences and linguistic and multimodal resources of young people in their learning. We discuss how youths' digital practices and embedded artifacts serve to construct multiple contexts and vantage points for developing their transnational identities and knowledge, and how these practices could be recognized as agentic forms of narrative production and learning in the classroom.
Scholars, Printers, and the Sphere: New Evidence for the Challenging Production of Academic Books in Wittenberg, 1531–1550
Authors: Limbach Saskia
Published: April 2022

This chapter introduces those printers and publishers who were involved in the process and considers the economics of the local print industry, which was, at the time, the fastest-growing in the entire Holy Roman Empire. By analyzing the university’s interactions with book producers, especially with respect to Melanchthon’s letters, which reveal his close ties to the book industry, I argue that even in this dominant center of printing, the relationship between academics and printers/publishers could be rather fraught; authors and editors even referred to the producers of their books as “beasts,” “harpies,” and “men of iron.” Drawing on hitherto unexplored sources, I also shed light on the prices of academic books, their print runs, and the reuse of illustrations in different editions. Finally, I establish how students in sixteenth-century Wittenberg could obtain academic books for their studies and how expensive the Sphaera was in comparison to other books and commodities.
Sacrobosco at the Book Fairs, 1576–1624: The Pedagogical Marketplace
Authors: Maclean Ian
Published: April 2022

Between 1576 and 1624, there were at least twenty declarations of Latin editions of theDe sphaeraand one of Francesco Pifferi’s Italian-language version in the Frankfurt Book Fair Catalogues. These declarations are not straightforward. Some are editions, and some are reissues; some are associated with the names not of the publisher but of the bookstore through where they were on offer. In some cases, the year of declaration and the place of publication are misleading, and, in the case of the Christophorus Clavius commentaries, the claim made about the number of the edition (whether third, fourth, fifth, or “seventh”) is false. The aim of this paper is to elucidate how the fairs operated, to identify which edition is in question, to place these in the context of the Catholic, Lutheran, and Reformed pedagogy of the period, and to show how producers, advertisers, and commissioning agents of the SacroboscoSphaeraeditions interacted, with special reference to the editions of Rome and Venice (and their publishers the Basa family and Giovanni Battista Ciotti), and those of Lyon and St. Gervais (and their publishers de Gabiano and Samuel Crespin). The final case considered is the declaration in 1624 of the edition of the Jesuit Bernardus Morisanus produced by the Reformed printer-publisher Peter Mareschal, as an element in acursus philosophicus.
The Giunta’s Publishing and Distributing Network and Their Supply to the European Academic Market
Authors: Ottone Andrea
Published: April 2022

This essay presents the Giunta publishing firm as a transnational network, highlighting its ideal center and peripheries. It describes the construction of a business model in conjunction with marketing channels and a consequent publishing plan intended to enhance the firm’s reputation in a specific slice of the book market: the clergy and the high professions. At the center of this narrative are several instances of the Giunta endeavoring to commercialize Sacrobosco’s Sphaera. I argue that, regardless of the eight known instances in which the Giunta family published Sacrobosco, the Tractatus de sphaera remained of marginal interest in the general publishing plan laid down by the firm.
Advanced Powertrain Systems for Platooning-Capable Trucks
Authors: Nöst Michael , Doppler Christian , Mladek Alexander
Published: April 2022

This chapter deals with the interaction of platooning-capable trucks and their powertrain systems. In a first step, prospective propulsion systems and their characteristics for platooning are discussed. Therefore, different topologies are analysed, also in terms of the intended use cases. These considerations are made mainly according to CO$$_{2}$$

2

-limitation efforts in the background. Secondly, thermal management regarding platooning is in the focus. Investigations on the influence of the air mass flow for an internal combustion engine (ICE) operated truck are presented. Further, thermal management challenges in combination with a fuel cell operated truck are discussed. For this purpose, dedicated solutions and methods in development are presented. Finally, essential future research fields are outlined.
How Platooning Research Enhances the European Innovation System
Authors: Bäumler Ilja , Kotzab Herbert , Aigner Walter
Published: April 2022

Maybe we would need a convincing narrative how innovation and our innovation system contribute to societal wealth—a new kind of Adam Smith equivalent. European road transport is part of a wider ecosystem where significantly increasing levels of digitalisation, automation and innovation will re-shape the world as we have known it. Ambitious political agendas to enhance sustainability and to increase transport effectiveness beyond what can be achieved within a fragmented and traditional way of operation have added momentum. Nevertheless, there are significant open issues beyond what road-maps to various futures maintain to know. Management narratives related to innovation and innovation systems have been challenged. This chapter intends to outline some of the elements how this kind of C-ITS-related platooning research has enhanced our shaping and re-framing of new questions and concepts regarding the European innovation system. Even without electronically coupled trucks on European public roads, elements of dynamic capabilities have evolved. On the other hand, it has become obvious how far some stakeholders have fallen behind the knowledge generation in European C-ITS-related projects. By means of rather selective knowledge intake and knowledge-related search paths, some institutions have shown to be some fifteen years behind accessible knowledge.
Truck Platooning Worldwide
Authors: Atasayar Hatun , Blass Philipp , Kaiser Susanne
Published: April 2022

Although early attempts date back several decades, truck platooning initiatives and trials gained significant momentum in the 2010s in the light of the overall wave of vehicle automation. This chapter aims at providing an overview of the most significant platooning endeavours over the past two decades, with focus on European efforts and their thematic priorities and conclusions. Whereas for example relevant Southeast Asian countries tend to be driven by national roadmaps and national funding, many of the European projects and trials are funded by the European Commission’s research programmes, bringing together several countries and resulting in more open access information. The presented review demonstrates how the focus of the discussion changed over time, also revealing a shift in the relevant parties and stakeholders: while the initial intention was reduction in fuel costs, the claimed benefits have now diversified and additional interest groups brought to the table environmental, safety, legal, infrastructural and labour regulation arguments for and against platooning.
Towards Truck Platooning Deployment Requirements
Authors: Neubauer Matthias , Schildorfer Wolfgang
Published: April 2022

Truck platooning represents a promising means to enhance efficiency of freight transport. Developments of truck platooning date back to the early 1990s, starting with projects to illustrate the technical feasibility followed by projects investigating the potential of fuel savings up to feasible business models and multi-brand and multi-fleet platooning approaches. However, the deployment and adoption of truck platooning technologies need to detail, harmonise and finally meet diverse requirements. Figure 3.1 sketches requirement dimensions related to truck platooning, which span from safety and security requirements, stakeholder requirements to technical and functional requirements. In this chapter, selected results addressing requirements related to energy-efficient truck platooning, user and other road user requirements, road safety requirements and technical requirements related to C-ITS are presented.
Evaluation of Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies
Authors: Di Carli Marcelo F. , Singh V. , Divakaran S. , Cuddy S. , Dorbala S. , Giubbini Raffaele , Dondi Maurizio
Published: April 2022

Infiltrative cardiomyopathies are a group of disorders characterized by the abnormal deposition of proteins and/or inflammatory cells leading to cardiac dysfunction and electrical disorders. This chapter will illustrate the role of PET/CT in cardiac sarcoidosis and amyloidosis, and the complementary role of PET/MR and 99mTc PYP SPECT.
The Peace Policy Maker: Dan Smith
Authors:   Interviewed by Stein Tønnesson
Published: April 2022

“What I want, if you look at me and my career, is on the one hand, a lot of activism and on the other, a lot of research.” In this interview, Dan Smith (b. 1951) recalls how a student of English literature became the leader of two activist organizations, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and International Alert, and two peace research institutes, PRIO and SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute).
A Historian’s Paths to Peace
Authors:   Essay by Stein Tønnesson
Published: April 2022

In this essay, the peace historian and former PRIO director Stein Tønnesson (b. 1953) goes through the nine paths he has explored in his quest to understand war and peace: War as war, war as horror, outbreaks of war, severity of wars, war endings, peace viability, regional transitions to peace, peace practices, and peaceful utopian moments. He claims to have mostly shied away from a tenth path: Major peaceful utopias, such as a classless or harmonious society.
Congo and Structural Violence: Helge Hveem
Authors:   Interviewed by Per Olav Reinton
Published: April 2022

“It was a significant day for me when … doctor Denis Mukwege received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2018.” In this interview, Helge Hveem (b. 1941) recounts how his stay in the Democratic Republic of Congo in the 1960s put him on a path towards the kind of theory-driven, policy-oriented empirical research he later pursued at PRIO and the University of Oslo. His research has exposed the exploitative practices of transnational companies.
Higher education expansion and gender norms: evidence from China
Authors: Si Wei
Published: April 2022

This paper explores whether the expansion of higher education can influence attitudes regarding gender norms. I evaluate the impact of China’s higher education expansion since 1999. The results show that the reform has significantly increased higher educational attainment for both women and men. However, women’s progressive views on gender roles are negatively affected following the expansion. The erosion of women’s egalitarian ideology can be attributed to the findings that women’s opportunities in the labor market are worsening relative to those of men. The results are significantly driven by married women and people who live in areas with a high male-to-female sex ratio. Practical conditions in the labor market and at home may adversely affect women’s ability to fulfill egalitarian gender roles.
Effects of heroin self-administration and forced withdrawal on the expression of genes related to the mTOR network in the basolateral complex of the amygdala of male Lewis rats
Authors: Ucha Marcos , Roura-Martínez David , Santos-Toscano Raquel , Capellán Roberto , Ambrosio Emilio , Higuera-Matas Alejandro
Published: April 2022

Rationale

The development of substance use disorders involves long-lasting adaptations in specific brain areas that result in an elevated risk of relapse. Some of these adaptations are regulated by the mTOR network, a signalling system that integrates extracellular and intracellular stimuli and modulates several processes related to plasticity. While the role of the mTOR network in cocaine- and alcohol-related disorders is well established, little is known about its participation in opiate use disorders.

Objectives

To use a heroin self-administration and a withdrawal protocol that induce incubation of heroin-seeking in male rats and study the associated effects on the expression of several genes related to the mTOR system and, in the specific case of Rictor, its respective translated protein and phosphorylation.

Results

We found that heroin self-administration elicited an increase in the expression of the genes Igf1r, Igf2r, Akt2 and Gsk3a in the basolateral complex of the amygdala, which was not as evident at 30 days of withdrawal. We also found an increase in the expression of Rictor (a protein of the mTOR complex 2) after heroin self-administration compared to the saline group, which was occluded at the 30-day withdrawal period. The activation levels of Rictor, measured by the phosphorylation rate, were also reduced after heroin self-administration, an effect that seemed more apparent in the protracted withdrawal group.

Conclusions

These results suggest that heroin self-administration under extended access conditions modifies the expression profile of activators and components of the mTOR complexes and show a putative irresponsive mTOR complex 2 after withdrawal from heroin use.
Comparison of docetaxel pharmacokinetics between castration-resistant and hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer patients
Authors: Vermunt Marit A. C. , van Nuland Merel , van der Heijden Lisa T. , Rosing Hilde , Beijnen Jos. H. , Bergman Andries M.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Recently, docetaxel treatment of metastatic prostate cancer patients shifted towards the hormone-sensitive stage of the disease. There are contradictive reports on differences in toxicity of docetaxel in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. Possible differences in toxicity might be attributed to different pharmacokinetics (PK) in the two patient populations.

Methods

Patients with mCRPC or mHSPC and a standard indication for docetaxel treatment were included in the study. All patients had suppressed serum testosterone levels (≤ 0.5 ng/mL or 1.73 nmol/L). Venous blood samples were obtained at the first docetaxel treatment, until 48 h after infusion. Plasma concentrations of docetaxel, unbound docetaxel and docetaxel metabolites were measured using validated liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assays and compared between the two groups. Moreover, serum levels of docetaxel transporting α1-acid glycoprotein were measured and docetaxel toxicity recorded.

Results

A total of ten mCRPC and nine mHSPC patients were included in the study. The two cohorts differed in the number of prior treatments and opiate use, which were higher for mCRPC patients. The docetaxel PK was not different between mCRPC and mHSPC patients, with areas under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC0-48) 1710 [coefficient of variation (CV) 28.4%] and 1486 (CV 25.2%) ng/mL*h (p = 0.27), respectively. Also, the PK profile of unbound docetaxel, M1/M3, M2 and M4 metabolites were similar in both groups. Docetaxel doses were reduced in 50% of the mCRPC patients and 11% of the mHSPC patients.

Conclusion

The PK profile of docetaxel was similar in mCPRC and mHSPC patients. Therefore, possible differences in toxicity between mCRPC and mHSPC patients cannot be explained by differences in docetaxel PK in our study population. These results suggest that treatment adaptations are not recommended in the new population of patients with mHSPC.
Narcolepsy: a model interaction between immune system, nervous system, and sleep-wake regulation
Authors: Latorre Daniela , Sallusto Federica , Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Kallweit Ulf
Published: April 2022

Narcolepsy is a rare chronic neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. The disease is considered to be the result of the selective disruption of neuronal cells in the lateral hypothalamus expressing the neuropeptide hypocretin, which controls the sleep-wake cycle. Diagnosis and management of narcolepsy represent still a substantial medical challenge due to the large heterogeneity in the clinical manifestation of the disease as well as to the lack of understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. However, significant advances have been made in the last years, thus opening new perspective in the field. This review describes the current knowledge of clinical presentation and pathology of narcolepsy as well as the existing diagnostic criteria and therapeutic intervention for the disease management. Recent evidence on the potential immune-mediated mechanisms that may underpin the disease establishment and progression are also highlighted.
Experimental evidence of antimicrobial activity in Antarctic seaweeds: ecological role and antibiotic potential
Authors: Martín-Martín Rafael P. , Carcedo-Forés Marta , Camacho-Bolós Pablo , García-Aljaro Cristina , Angulo-Preckler Carlos , Avila Conxita , Lluch Jordi Rull , Garreta Amelia Gómez
Published: April 2022

Seaweeds contain a wide range of secondary metabolites which serve multiple functions, including chemical and ecological mediation with microorganisms. Moreover, owing to their diverse bioactivity, including their antibiotic properties, they show potential for human use. Nonetheless, the chemical ecology of seaweeds is not equally understood across different regions; for example, Antarctic seaweeds are among the lesser studied groups. With the aim of improving our current understanding of the chemical ecology and potential bioactivity of Antarctic seaweeds, we performed a screening of antibiotic activity using crude extracts from 22 Antarctic macroalgae species. Extractions were performed separating lipophilic and hydrophilic fractions at natural concentrations. Antimicrobial activity assays were performed using the disk diffusion method against seven Antarctic bacteria and seven human pathogenic surrogates. Our results showed that red seaweeds (especiallyDelisea pulchra) inhibited a larger number of microorganisms compared with brown seaweeds, and that lipophilic fractions were more active than hydrophilic ones. Both types of bacteria tested (Gram negative and Gram positive) were inhibited, especially by butanolic fractions, suggesting a trend of non-specific chemical defence. However, Gram-negative bacteria and one pathogenic fungus showed greater resistance. Our study contributes to the evidence of antimicrobial chemical interactions between Antarctic seaweeds and sympatric microorganisms, as well as the potential of seaweed extracts for pharmacological applications.
Quadrature-free immersed isogeometric analysis
Authors: Antolin P. , Hirschler T.
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a novel method for solving partial differential equations on three-dimensional CAD geometries by means of immersed isogeometric discretizations that do not require quadrature schemes. It relies on a newly developed technique for the evaluation of polynomial integrals over spline boundary representations that is exclusively based on analytical computations. First, through a consistent polynomial approximation step, the finite element operators of the Galerkin method are transformed into integrals involving only polynomial integrands. Then, by successive applications of the divergence theorem, those integrals over B-Reps are transformed into the first surface and then line integrals with polynomials integrands. Eventually, these line integrals are evaluated analytically with machine precision accuracy. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by means of numerical experiments in the context of 2D and 3D elliptic problems, retrieving optimal error convergence order in all cases. Finally, the methodology is illustrated for 3D CAD models with an industrial level of complexity.
Felix Klein’s projective representations of the groups $$S_6$$ and $$A_7$$
Authors: Heller Henning
Published: April 2022

This paper addresses an article by Felix Klein of 1886, in which he generalized his theory of polynomial equations of degree 5—comprehensively discussed in his Lectures on the Icosahedron two years earlier—to equations of degree 6 and 7. To do so, Klein used results previously established in line geometry. I review Klein’s 1886 article, its diverse mathematical background, and its place within the broader history of mathematics. I argue that the program advanced by this article, although historically overlooked due to its eventual failure, offers a valuable insight into a time of crucial evolution of the subject.