bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Readers and the Steamship Press: Home News for India, China, and the Colonies and the Serialization of Arthur Griffiths’s Fast and Loose , 1883–84
Authors: Rooney Paul
Published: April 2014

Concentrating on a lesser-known quarter of the Victorian print media, this paper seeks to recover the experiences of British expatriate readers of steamship press newspapers. The periodical codes that shaped readers’ encounters with one such newspaper, Home News , will be charted and its historical readership delineated. The market share of these publications diminished in the late nineteenth century in a climate of increasing telegraphic hegemony; however, not all were quiescent in the face of this competition. The serial novel, Fast and Loose (1883–84), which featured in Home News during the initial years of Arthur Griffiths’s editorship, was a notable example of such innovation that also underscored the distinctive set of contemporary circumstances that characterized the newspaper.
Idle Employment and Dickens’s Uncommercial Ruse: The Narratorial Entity in “The Uncommercial Traveller”
Authors: Schelstraete Jasper
Published: April 2014

Charles Dickens’s narratorial entity in “The Uncommercial Traveller” represents a dramatic shift away from the more traditional narrators Dickens deployed in earlier sketches. By consciously and unequivocally blending his established editorial and authorial personae in the “uncommercial” narrator, Dickens sought to close the distance between his performed selves and his audiences. These sketches seek to position Dickens in the literary marketplace through explicit and implicit disavowals of commerciality. Readers were not necessarily taken in, but the tongue-in-cheek rejection of financially motivated writing works to create an implicit understanding between the narratorial persona and his audience: that entertainment and leisure are the author’s business.
The Role of Visual Appearance in Punch ’s Early Victorian Satires on Religion
Authors: Janes Dominic
Published: April 2014

Satires on various aspects of contemporary religion are frequently found in early Victorian editions of Punch . The more strident forms of Protestant evangelicalism in the 1840s and Roman Catholic revivalism in the early 1850s came in for particular attack. This pattern was partly the result of a drift in editorial policy towards a less radical social and political position. Catholicism, in both its Roman and Anglican varieties, was especially vulnerable to the combination of visual and verbal parody employed by Punch because of its stress on the visual aspects of worship. Evangelicals, in contrast, employed modes of dress and architecture that were similar to those of the secular world and therefore were harder to depict as strange and peculiar. The pages of Punch therefore demonstrate not only how various Christian groups were viewed in early Victorian England but also how they attempted, with varying success, to parry and pre-empt journalistic critique.
Sensation and the Fourth Estate: The Times and the Yelverton Bigamy Trials
Authors: Kiehna Lauren Harmsen
Published: April 2014

This article examines how the Times covered one of the most sensational stories of the 1860s, the Yelverton bigamy trials, while maintaining its reputation as a serious, respectable publication. The reportage was carefully framed using three distinct strategies: an emphasis on strong foreign reporting, the use of excerpts from official trial transcripts, and the reprinting of material from other newspapers. All of these tactics allowed the paper to focus on the legal and institutional implications of the case and to cover the story while still maintaining a calculated distance from sensational material.
Bernard Heldmann and the Union Jack , 1880–83: The Making of a Professional Author
Authors: Vuohelainen Minna
Published: April 2014

This essay examines two little-known agents operating within the juvenile publishing market of the 1880s: the quality boys’ weekly Union Jack (1880–83) and one of its key contributors, Bernard Heldmann (1857–1915). Heldmann’s apprenticeship on the staff of the Union Jack prepared him for a successful second career as “Richard Marsh,” a bestselling author of gothic and crime stories for the adult market. It provided him with an acute understanding of the niche marketing of periodicals and genre fiction, the production of serial and short stories, and the uses of formula fiction. Yet, at the same time, Heldmann’s work increasingly challenged notions of “healthy” juvenile fiction by introducing elements of emotionality, homoeroticism, crime, and horror, most notably in his final serial, “A Couple of Scamps” (1882–83). Heldmann’s apparent popularity and business sense challenge the current scholarly assumption that turn-of-the-century boys’ fiction did not feature emotional male relationships.
Análisis semántico-cognitivo del discurso humorístico en el texto multimodal de las viñetas de Forges
Authors: Agüero Guerra Marta
Published: April 2014

Partiendo de la semántica y la lingüística cognitiva, la Teoría General del Humor Verbal (Attardo y Raskin, 1991; Attardo, 1991, 2001 y 2006), deudora de la teoría de la incongruencia (Kant, 1790; Schopenhauer, 1891[1818]), sostiene que los mecanismos de comprensión del humor están basados en la resolución, parcial o total, de una incongruencia producida por la alternancia de marcos cognitivos (scripts) incompatibles. En este estudio se demuestra que la TGHV es perfectamente aplicable al humor gráfico contemporáneo como género multimodal y sirve de base para el análisis de un corpus representativo de viñetas de Forges, clasificadas según el modelo 3 WD de apreciación del humor (Ruch, 1992; Hempelmann y Ruch, 2005). El análisis evidencia que Forges emplea, junto a la ironía y la metáfora, diversos mecanismos complementarios en viñetas donde palabra e imagen convergen en una identidad de lectura recíproca para criticar la realidad social y política actual.
Fenómenos de transferencia entre lenguas: evidencialidad en el español en contacto con el guaraní y el quechua
Authors: Avellana Alicia
Published: April 2014

El presente trabajo describe, compara y analiza distintos valores evidenciales que adopta el pretérito pluscuamperfecto en dos variedades de contacto en la Argentina y Paraguay: el español en contacto con el que-chua y con el guaraní. A partir de una descripción detallada de las gramáticas involucradas en el contacto determinamos, por un lado, si las construcciones consideradas se deben a procesos de transferencia. Por otro lado, especificamos el tipo de elemento gramatical transferido, dentro del marco teórico de la Gramática Generativa (Chomsky, 1981 y trabajos posteriores) y, especialmente, desde la propuesta de la Morfología Distribuida (Halle y Marantz, 1993, 1994, entre otros). Finalmente, evaluamos el alcance de este análisis para la sistematización de la variación lingüística dentro del modelo considerado.
La (autoantonimia) al-ḍdad en las lenguas, según la teoría “el esquema básico de la referencia”
Authors: Abid Abeer Hussein
Published: April 2014

En nuestro artículo, vamos a analizar qué quiere decir de autoantonimia (al-?dad), las razones de su aparición en la lengua según las opiniones de los antiguos lingüistas árabes, y, finalmente, vamos a escoger algunas palabras autoantónimas, tanto en la lengua árabe como en la lengua española, dando explicaciones de su aparición según nuestra teoría “el esquema básico de la referencia”, que es una teoría desarrollada a partir del legado árabe y la teoría cognitiva, por eso hemos usado la terminología de la gramática cognitiva. Según esta teoría, el signo lingüístico es la interacción entre cuatro componentes: la percepción, la imaginación, la comprensión y la simbolización. Nuestra teoría pretende ser la base de una lingüística moderna y holística, muy diferente de la lingüística tradicional. Es el primer artículo académico sobre el tema de las palabras autoantónimas en la lengua española.
The Rickshaw Trade in Colonial Vietnam, 1883–1940
Authors: Hahn H. Hazel
Published: April 2014

This article examines the role of rickshaws in colonial Hà Nội and Sài Gòn. The rickshaw was the most popular form of transportation between 1910 and 1935. Rickshaw circulation gave rise to issues of hygiene, safety, traffic control, taxation, convenience, comfort, aesthetics, accessibility, uses of public space, and morality. These increasingly contentious issues were debated within municipal councils, and also by the press and the public. Large French companies dominated rickshaw manufacturing while the downtrodden condition of rickshaw pullers sparked a debate among Vietnamese journalists and intellectuals who urged the suppression or reform of the trade.
Infant Self-Regulation and Early Childhood Media Exposure
Authors: Radesky Jenny S. , Silverstein Michael , Zuckerman Barry , Christakis Dimitri A.
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVES:

Examine prospective associations between parent-reported early childhood self-regulation problems and media exposure (television and video viewing) at 2 years. We hypothesized that children with poor self-regulation would consume more media, possibly as a parent coping strategy.

METHODS:

We used data from 7450 children in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort. When children were 9 months and 2 years old, parents completed the Infant Toddler Symptom Checklist (ITSC), a validated scale of self-regulation. With daily media use at 2 years as our outcome, we conducted weighted multivariable regression analyses, controlling for child, maternal, and household characteristics.

RESULTS:

Children watched an average of 2.3 hours per day (SD 1.9) of media at age 2 years. Infants with poor self-regulation (9-month ITSC score ≥3) viewed 0.23 hour per day (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12–0.35) more media at 2 years compared with those with 9-month ITSC score of 0 to 2; this remained significant in adjusted models (0.15 hour per day [95% CI 0.02–0.28]). Children rated as having persistent self-regulation problems (ITSC ≥3 at both 9 months and 2 years) were even more likely to consume media at age 2 (adjusted β 0.21 hour per day [95% CI 0.03–0.39]; adjusted odds ratio for >2 hours per day 1.40 [95% CI 1.14–1.71]). These associations were slightly stronger in low socioeconomic status and English-speaking households.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early childhood self-regulation problems are associated with mildly increased media exposure, even after controlling for important confounding variables. Understanding this relationship may provide insight into helping parents reduce their children’s screen time.
Injury Among Children and Young Adults With Epilepsy
Authors: Prasad Vibhore , Kendrick Denise , Sayal Kapil , Thomas Sara L. , West Joe
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate whether children and young adults with epilepsy are at a greater risk of fracture, thermal injury, or poisoning than those without.

METHODS:

A cohort study was conducted by using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1987–2009), a longitudinal database containing primary care records. A total of 11 934 people with epilepsy and 46 598 without, aged between 1 and 24 years at diagnosis, were followed for a median (interquartile range) of 2.6 (0.8–5.9) years. The risk of fractures (including long bone fractures), thermal injuries, and poisonings (including medicinal and nonmedicinal poisonings) was estimated.

RESULTS:

Adjusting for age, gender, Strategic Health Authority region, deprivation, and calendar year at study entry (and, for medicinal poisonings, behavior disorder), people with epilepsy had an 18% increase in risk of fracture (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.27), a 23% increase in risk of long bone fracture (HR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.10–1.38), a 49% increase in risk of thermal injury (HR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.27–1.75), and more than twice the risk of poisoning (HR = 2.47; 95% CI, 2.15–2.84), which was limited to poisoning from medicinal products (medicinal HR = 2.54; 95% CI, 2.16–2.99; nonmedicinal HR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.61–1.52).

CONCLUSIONS:

Children and young adults with epilepsy are at a greater risk of fracture, thermal injury, and poisoning than those without. The greatest risk is from medicinal poisonings. Doctors and other health care professionals should provide injury and poison prevention advice at diagnosis and epilepsy reviews.
Television Viewing, Bedroom Television, and Sleep Duration From Infancy to Mid-Childhood
Authors: Cespedes Elizabeth M. , Gillman Matthew W. , Kleinman Ken , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Redline Susan , Taveras Elsie M.
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND:

Television and insufficient sleep are associated with poor mental and physical health. This study assessed associations of TV viewing and bedroom TV with sleep duration from infancy to midchildhood.

METHOD:

We studied 1864 children in Project Viva. Parents reported children’s average daily TV viewing and sleep (at 6 months and annually from 1–7 years) and the presence of a bedroom TV (annually 4–7 years). We used mixed effects models to assess associations of TV exposures with contemporaneous sleep, adjusting for child age, gender, race/ethnicity, maternal education, and income.

RESULTS:

Six hundred forty-three children (35%) were racial/ethnic minorities; 37% of households had incomes ≤$70 000. From 6 months to 7 years, mean (SD) sleep duration decreased from 12.2 (2.0) hours to 9.8 (0.9) hours per day; TV viewing increased from 0.9 (1.2) hours to 1.6 (1.0) hours per day. At 4 years, 17% had a bedroom TV, rising to 23% at 7 years. Each 1 hour per day increase in lifetime TV viewing was associated with 7 minutes per day (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4 to 10) shorter sleep. The association of bedroom TV varied by race/ethnicity; bedroom TV was associated with 31 minutes per day shorter sleep (95% CI: 16 to 45) among racial/ethnic minority children, but not among white, non-Hispanic children (8 fewer minutes per day [95% CI: −19 to 2]).

CONCLUSIONS:

More TV viewing, and, among racial/ethnic minority children, the presence of a bedroom TV, were associated with shorter sleep from infancy to midchildhood.
Orthodontic Treatment of a Patient with Hypoglossia
Authors: Ogawa Takuya , Sato Chiemi , Kawakubo Naomi , Moriyama Keiji
Published: April 2014

Objective

The aim of this case study was to provide a detailed report of the orthodontic approach used in treating a Japanese patient with congenital hypoglossia.

Patient

The patient was a 6-year-old girl with hypoglossia, micrognathia, congenital absence of three incisors, and a telescopic occlusion accompanied by an extremely narrow lower arch. She had no limb anomalies, and her speech was normal.

Results

Bite opening and mandibular widening from the early mixed dentition dramatically improved the extremely constricted mandible and telescopic occlusion. Cephalometric tracings taken from the beginning to the end of active treatment revealed substantial forward and downward growth in the mandible over time, which may have contributed to correction of the intermaxillary relationship.

Conclusions

Treatment of telescopic occlusion by bite opening and mandibular widening from the early mixed dentition may be effective in facilitating mandibular growth acceleration. An acceptable intermaxillary occlusal relationship and improvement of profile were achieved by an orthodontic approach in this case.
Impact assessment of mine drainage water and municipal wastewater on the surface water in the vicinity of Bor
Authors: Gardic Vojka , Petrovic Jelena , Djurdjevac-Ignjatovic Lidija , Kolakovic Srdjan , Vujovic Svetlana
Published: April 2014

Mining and copper production in Bor, in the past hundred years, had a huge
impact on the environment of town, but also in a wide region. In the area of
Bor, in the zone of Mining and Smelting Company (RTB) activity, over 29,000
ha of land under forests and fields is degraded. The area of degraded
agricultural land in the Bor municipality is over 60% of total agricultural
land. Wastewater, generated in the sites of RTB Bor, pollute the Bor River
and Krivelj River, which still flow into the Timok River and Danube River.
These pollutions are often presented by low pH value, increased content of
heavy metal ions, suspended particles and fine particles of flotation
tailings, which is deposited in the valleys of these rivers on the area of
over 2000 hectares. During the decades of exploitation of ore from the open
pit Bor at different locations ("Visoki Planir" - also called ?Ostreljski
planir?, "Severni planir" dump of ore body "H" (RTH)) gangue and tailings
were delayed. The largest amount of tailings, about 150 million tons, was
postponed on location Visoki planir. The effect of the mining waste and the
impact of the whole process of processing copper ore to the final products on
the environment, was conducted during the 4th study period of the project
"Management of mining waste-tailing dump in the Bor region," supported by the
Japan Society for the Promotion Science (Eng. Japan Society for the Promotion
of Science) and the Japan international cooperation Agency and the Ministry
of environment, Mining and Spatial planning of the Republic of Serbia.
Influence of season on the level of pollutants in soil and water, the impact
on water quality in the river Timok and the River Danube, was conducted
during first three periods of project. This paper presents the results of the
third study period. The third period of research, which was conducted over a
period of 17. 10. 2012 to 17. 01.2013 year, included a review of pollution
sources and define their impact on the environment. The study included the
following sources of pollution: mining waste and drainage water originating
from the active mine (Bor pit , field 1 Krivelj large tailings, flotation
tailings in Bor RTH, metallurgical water), as well as the drainage water from
the flotation tailings, which are no longer in operation (field 2 flotation
tailings Great Krivelj, drainage water from the old Bor flotation tailings),
the old inactive landfill mine gangue (Saraka landfill, Veliki planir -
tailings from the old Bor mine, landfill mine gangue from mine RTH) and the
city - urban waste water, which are discharged without treatment directly
into the watercourse Bor River. Wastewater directly pollute Bor River and
Krivalj River.
Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney in a Child with Fanconi Anemia
Authors: Bittar Humberto E. Trejo , Radder Josiah E. , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Srinivasan Abhay , Madan-Khetarpal Suneeta , Reyes-Múgica Miguel
Published: April 2014

Patients with Fanconi anemia subgroup D1, attributable to biallelic mutations in BRCA2, have an increased risk of solid tumors. Tumors in the kidneys of these patients are almost exclusively Wilms tumor. We report the first recorded case, to our knowledge, of a Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney in a patient with this cancer predisposition syndrome. We review different aspects of the need for careful clinical observation in patients of this complementation group, given their risk for malignancy.
Physical Dysfunction and Nonorganic Signs in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain: Exploratory Study Into Interobserver Reliability and Construct Validity
Authors: Jorritsma Wim , Dijkstra Pieter U. , De Vries Grietje E. , Geertzen Jan H.B. , Reneman Michiel F.
Published: April 2014

Study Design

Repeated-measurement design.

Objectives

To explore interobserver reliability of the modified physical dysfunction severity (mPDS) as a measure for impairment of the cervical spine and the modified cervical nonorganic signs (mcNOS) as a measure for behavioral signs, and to explore construct validity of the mPDS and mcNOS.

Background

The PDS has been used for evaluation of treatment efficacy in controlled trials in primary care. The cervical nonorganic signs were developed to assess illness behavior in patients with neck pain.

Methods

Two observers independently assessed the mPDS and mcNOS in 51 patients with chronic neck pain in an outpatient tertiary rehabilitation setting, with a 3-week interval between assessments. Interobserver reliability for total scores of the mPDS and mcNOS was expressed as an intraclass correlation coefficient. Interobserver agreement for individual mcNOS tests was calculated as absolute agreement and Cohen kappa. Construct validity was expressed as Spearman correlation between the mPDS and mcNOS with the Neck Pain and Disability Scale and numeric pain rating scale for pain.

Results

The interobserver reliability of the mPDS and mcNOS had intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.78, respectively. Agreement for individual mcNOS tests ranged from 63% to 88%, and kappa values ranged from 0.14 to 0.54. Correlation with the Neck Pain and Disability Scale was 0.26 for the mPDS and 0.49 for the mcNOS, and the correlation with the numeric pain rating scale was 0.32 for the mPDS and 0.37 for the mcNOS.

Conclusion

Interobserver reliability of both the mPDS and mcNOS was acceptable. The interobserver agreement for the individual mcNOS tests ranged from poor to acceptable. Construct validity of the mPDS and mcNOS appeared satisfactory. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(5):366–376. Epub 14 April 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4715
Confidence Intervals for Assessing Heterogeneity in Generalized Linear Mixed Models
Authors: Wagler Amy E.
Published: April 2014

Generalized linear mixed models are frequently applied to data with clustered categorical outcomes. The effect of clustering on the response is often difficult to practically assess partly because it is reported on a scale on which comparisons with regression parameters are difficult to make. This article proposes confidence intervals for estimating the heterogeneity due to clustering on a scale that is easy to interpret. The performance of the proposed asymptotic intervals and percentile bootstrap intervals are compared by simulations and in an application.
Hymenoptera stings: a study of clinical profile, complication and outcome from a teaching hospital of central Nepal
Authors: Ghimire M , Pahari B , Paudel N , Das G , Sharma SK , Das G
Published: April 2014

Background Hymenoptera sting is a common health hazard in the tropics. Wasp and Bee stings can produce symptoms ranging from local allergic reactions to serious complications including anaphylaxis and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes.Objective To evaluate the clinical profile, management and early outcome of patients with gallbladder cancer.Methods We prospectively analyzed all the consecutive patients with Hymenopterid sting (Wasp and Bee stings), who were admitted in Nephrology Unit in college of Medical Sciences Teaching hospital over a period of two year; from June 2010 to May 2012. Data including demographic profile, clinical profile, complications and outcomes associated with the Hymenopterid stings were entered in a designated profroma and were analyzed.Results A total of 15 cases with Hymenopterid stings (Wasp and Bee stings) were analyzed. Majority of the cases were females (n=8). The male to female ratio was 0.88. The mean age of the case was 37.1± 17.38years. Most of the cases (n=11) were younger subjects d"45 years and majority of them felt in the age group of 21-30 years; (n=4). Mean number of stings (Wasp or Bee stings), were 46 ± 18.4 (12-74) and the mean time to reach the hospital from the bite time was 78.23±82.24 hours (30 minutes-13 days). Black Wasps were the commonest species to inflict the stings in (n=10) cases and Bees in (n=5) cases. The Hymenoptera stings were observed more frequently in the month of July to September in (n=8). The commonest site of bite was head and face seen in (n=11) cases. Among the clinical presentations the commonest clinical presentation was local burning pain and pruritus which was present in all the cases (n=15) followed by nausea (n=10). The commonest clinical sign was bipedal edema which was seen in (n=7) cases. Low Hb (defined as Hb <10gm/dl) was seen in (n=5) cases of Hymenopterid stings. Low platelet (defined as Platelet < 100X109/L) was documented in (n=10) cases. Serum creatinine >1.5mg /dl was seen in (n=7) cases. Low serum albumin (defined as Serum Albumin (<3.5gm/dl) was seen in (n=6) cases. Among the complications, the most common complication was Hepatitis which was seen in (n=9) cases, followed by Acute Kidney Injury. There was no mortality associated with Hymenopterid stings in our study. However 1 patient left against medical advice.Conclusion Black Wasps were the commonest species to inflict the stings in (n=10) cases. The most common complication of Hymenoptera sting was Hepatitis, which was seen in (n=9) of cases, followed by Acute Kidney Injury. Majority of complications were seen in Wasp stings which caused significant morbidity. No mortality was observed in our study except one case; that left hospital against medical advice. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-3, 17-24
DJ stent - boon or curse?
Authors: Agrawal AS , Rao S , Gupta AO
Published: April 2014

DJ stent is considered as a boon by the urologist but without proper knowledge it turns to be curse for the patient. We report a case of a 34 year old man who developed vesical calculus secondary to DJ stent in a short span of 6-8 months. He underwent cystolithotomy for removal of the vesical calculus along with the DJ stent. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-3, 55-59 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i3.10224
Determinants of the implementation of a new practice in hormonal contraception by Quebec nurses
Authors: Guilbert Edith R. , Robitaille Jean , Guilbert Alexis C. , Morin Diane
Published: April 2014

In 2007, a task-shifting strategy through which a nurse, in collaboration with a community pharmacist, could start a healthy woman on hormonal contraception without a medical consultation was implemented in the province of Quebec. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the 1) implementation of this new practice by nurses, 2) delay of implementation and 3) intensity of the practice. A validated questionnaire based on Rogers' theory of the diffusion of innovation was sent by postal mail or internet to all nurses that had successfully completed training in hormonal contraception since 2007, were registered at the College of nurses of Quebec and currently worked as nurses. The questionnaire was completed by 745 nurses between November 2011 and March 2012 for a response rate of 26.6%. Results show that implementation of this new nursing practice was more successful when nurses had a high degree of cosmopoliteness, they perceived the new practice as simple, they worked in youth clinics and if health organizations where they worked were open to innovation, had low centralized decision-making and organizational slack. Various attributes of innovation, diffusion networks and characteristics of the organizations also explained intensity of the new practice. The findings suggest new avenues to simplify and scale up this strategy for use in other health organizations.
Planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) Diversity and Molecular Markers: A New View of an Old Group
Authors: Álvarez-Presas Marta , Riutort Marta
Published: April 2014

Planarians are a group of free-living platyhelminths (triclads) best-known largely due to long-standing regeneration and pattern formation research. However, the group’s diversity and evolutionary history has been mostly overlooked. A few taxonomists have focused on certain groups, resulting in the description of many species and the establishment of higher-level groups within the Tricladida. However, the scarcity of morphological features precludes inference of phylogenetic relationships among these taxa. The incorporation of molecular markers to study their diversity and phylogenetic relationships has facilitated disentangling many conundrums related to planarians and even allowed their use as phylogeographic model organisms. Here, we present some case examples ranging from delimiting species in an integrative style, and barcoding them, to analysing their evolutionary history on a lower scale to infer processes affecting biodiversity origin, or on a higher scale to understand the genus level or even higher relationships. In many cases, these studies have allowed proposing better classifications and resulted in taxonomical changes. We also explain shortcomings resulting in a lack of resolution or power to apply the most up-to-date data analyses. Next-generation sequencing methodologies may help improve this situation and accelerate their use as model organisms.
Managing Terrorism or Accidental Nuclear Errors, Preparing for Iodine-131 Emergencies: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Braverman Eric , Blum Kenneth , Loeffke Bernard , Baker Robert , Kreuk Florian , Yang Samantha , Hurley James
Published: April 2014

Chernobyl demonstrated that iodine-131 (131I) released in a nuclear accident can cause malignant thyroid nodules to develop in children within a 300 mile radius of the incident. Timely potassium iodide (KI) administration can prevent the development of thyroid cancer and the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and a number of United States governmental agencies recommend KI prophylaxis. Current pre-distribution of KI by the United States government and other governments with nuclear reactors is probably ineffective. Thus we undertook a thorough scientific review, regarding emergency response to 131I exposures. We propose: (1) pre-distribution of KI to at risk populations; (2) prompt administration, within 2 hours of the incident; (3) utilization of a lowest effective KI dose; (4) distribution extension to at least 300 miles from the epicenter of a potential nuclear incident; (5) education of the public about dietary iodide sources; (6) continued post-hoc analysis of the long-term impact of nuclear accidents; and (7) support for global iodine sufficiency programs. Approximately two billion people are at risk for iodine deficiency disorder (IDD), the world’s leading cause of preventable brain damage. Iodide deficient individuals are at greater risk of developing thyroid cancer after 131I exposure. There are virtually no studies of KI prophylaxis in infants, children and adolescents, our target population. Because of their sensitivity to these side effects, we have suggested that we should extrapolate from the lowest effective adult dose, 15–30 mg or 1–2 mg per 10 pounds for children. We encourage global health agencies (private and governmental) to consider these critical recommendations.
Remuneration Committee, Board Independence and Top Executive Compensation
Authors: Kuo Chii-Shyan , Yu Shih-Ti
Published: April 2014

In this study, we examine whether the levels and structures of top executive compensation vary discernibly with different levels of board independence. We also examine how the newly mandated adoption of the remuneration committee (RC) in Taiwan affects the board independence-executive pay relation. The mandatory establishment of RC for Taiwanese public firms, starting in 2011, is intended to strengthen the reasonableness and effectiveness of the executive compensation structure; thus, it is timely and of interest for practitioners and regulators to understand whether the establishment of RCs can effectively discipline top executive compensation policies. We first find that CEOs of firms that do not appoint independent directors have greater levels of annual pay than is the case for firms that have appointed independent directors, after controlling for the effect of CEO pay determinants. Second, we find that CEO pay for early RC adopters is more closely related to firm performance. Third, we find that the establishing of RCs may decrease CEO pay and enhance the pay-performance association, in particular for firms that have not appointed independent directors; however, this effect is not found to be statistically significant.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Achillea biebersteinii Flower Extract and Its Anti-Angiogenic Properties in the Rat Aortic Ring Model
Authors: Baharara Javad , Namvar Farideh , Ramezani Tayebe , Hosseini Nasrin , Mohamad Rosfarizan
Published: April 2014

Silver nanoparticles display unique physical and biological properties which have attracted intensive research interest because of their important medical applications. In this study silver nanoparticles (Ab.Ag-NPs) were synthesized for biomedical applications using a completely green biosynthetic method using Achillea biebersteinii flowers extract. The structure and properties of Ab.Ag-NPs were investigated using UV-visible spectroscopic techniques, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers (EDS). The UV-visible spectroscopic analysis showed the absorbance peak at 460 nm, which indicates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The average particle diameter as determined by TEM was found to be 12 ± 2 nm. The zeta potential analysis indicated that Ab.Ag-NPs have good stability EDX analysis also exhibits presentation of silver element. As angiogenesis is an important phenomenon and as growth factors imbalance in this process causes the acceleration of several diseases including cancer, the anti-angiogenic properties of Ab.Ag-NPs were evaluated using the rat aortic ring model. The results showed that Ab.Ag-NPs (200 μg/mL) lead to a 50% reduction in the length and number of vessel-like structures. The synthesized silver nanoparticles from the Achillea biebersteinii flowers extract, which do not involve any harmful chemicals were well-dispersed and stabilized through this green method and showed potential therapeutic benefits against angiogenesis.
Sensory TRP Channel Interactions with Endogenous Lipids and Their Biological Outcomes
Authors: Yoo Sungjae , Lim Ji , Hwang Sun
Published: April 2014

Lipids have long been studied as constituents of the cellular architecture and energy stores in the body. Evidence is now rapidly growing that particular lipid species are also important for molecular and cellular signaling. Here we review the current information on interactions between lipids and transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in nociceptive sensory afferents that mediate pain signaling. Sensory neuronal TRP channels play a crucial role in the detection of a variety of external and internal changes, particularly with damaging or pain-eliciting potentials that include noxiously high or low temperatures, stretching, and harmful substances. In addition, recent findings suggest that TRPs also contribute to altering synaptic plasticity that deteriorates chronic pain states. In both of these processes, specific lipids are often generated and have been found to strongly modulate TRP activities, resulting primarily in pain exacerbation. This review summarizes three standpoints viewing those lipid functions for TRP modulations as second messengers, intercellular transmitters, or bilayer building blocks. Based on these hypotheses, we discuss perspectives that account for how the TRP-lipid interaction contributes to the peripheral pain mechanism. Still a number of blurred aspects remain to be examined, which will be answered by future efforts and may help to better control pain states.
Understanding the Dynamic Character of Value in Recycling Metals from Australia
Authors: Lane Ruth
Published: April 2014

Industrial ecology (IE) argues the need for an efficient materials economy based on recycling where environmental degradation associated with inputs of new materials and outputs of waste or pollution is minimal. There is often an assumption that efficiency in the use of materials equates to economic efficiency; however, this is not necessarily the case. Central to this tension between engineering and economic approaches to materials efficiency are different conceptual framings of value. Because a large scale shift towards valuing waste materials as future resources involves changes to existing practices of a great many actors and organizations, ranging from consumers and household disposal practices, through to government agencies and multi-national corporations, it cannot be assumed that all operate with similar conceptions of value. This paper reviews current understandings of value in IE and argues that they need to be expanded to accommodate approaches to valuing used goods and materials that manifest across different spatial scales, from household disposal practices to national policy to global production networks (GPNs). The paper focuses, in particular, on understandings of value relevant to metals recycling in Australia and contrast material flow models from IE with other models of material flows and transformations available in the social sciences, including anthropological analysis of the movement of objects through different regimes of value within society and analysis in economic geography that highlights spatial and structural dimensions influential in commodity chains and networks for used products and materials. It concludes by reflecting on the significance of the dynamic and creative tensions inherent in the production of value for recycled metals from Australia.
Attracting Health Insurance Buyers through Selective Contracting: Results of a Discrete-Choice Experiment among Users of Hospital Services in the Netherlands
Authors: Bergrath Evelien , Pavlova Milena , Groot Wim
Published: April 2014

In 2006, the Netherlands commenced market based reforms in its health care system. The reforms included selective contracting of health care providers by health insurers. This paper focuses on how health insurers may increase their market share on the health insurance market through selective contracting of health care providers. Selective contracting is studied by eliciting the preferences of health care consumers for attributes of health care services that an insurer could negotiate on behalf of its clients with health care providers. Selective contracting may provide incentives for health care providers to deliver the quality that consumers need and demand. Selective contracting also enables health insurers to steer individual patients towards selected health care providers. We used a stated preference technique known as a discrete choice experiment to collect and analyze the data. Results indicate that consumers care about both costs and quality of care, with healthy consumers placing greater emphasis on costs and consumers with poorer health placing greater emphasis on quality of care. It is possible for an insurer to satisfy both of these criteria by selective contracting health care providers who consequently purchase health care that is both efficient and of good quality.
Faut-il s'inquiéter de la baisse du niveau des aquifères ?
Authors: Amigues Jean-Pierre , Favard Pascal , Moreaux Michel
Published: April 2014

Is there Cause for Concern over the Drop in Aquifer Levels ?

by Jean-Pierre Amigues, Pascal Favard and Michel Moreaux

This paper analyses the problems raised when managing continental aquifers replenished by the trickledown of surface water. These aquifers can be regarded as natural wells with a certain amount of regeneration capacity. The theory developed in this paper is that aquifers are gradually depleted due to their being used as wells. This is shown using different assumptions for the cost differences between using ground water reserves and surface water in a model that endogenises the labour supply required to exploit the resource. Our findings are shown to be robust by a thorough analysis of the model’s different parameter configurations (initial level of reserves, importance of replenishment and demand for the resource).
Risque associé au contrat d'assurance-vie pour la compagnie d'assurance
Authors: Berthelot Christophe , Bossy Mireille , Pistre Nathalie
Published: April 2014

Les contrats d’assurance-vie en francs sont de fait des contrats de capitalisation assurant une rémunération qui a le double avantage de présenter un taux garanti et de profiter d’une évolution favorable de l’actif. Ces contrats génèrent un risque de taux, d’autant plus sensible que les assurés peuvent toujours choisir de sortir du contrat (rachat), ce qui est généralement visualisé comme une option gratuite difficile à gérer pour les assureurs. Dans cet article, nous caractérisons le risque associé à un tel contrat pour la compagnie d’assurance en liaison avec les caractéristiques du contrat et les variables financières. Nous montrons que ce type de contrat donne lieu à des options plus proches d’options réelles que d’options financières négociables. Nous quantifions par ailleurs numériquement le risque couru sur la valeur des capitaux propres dans un environnement de marchés stochastique. Nous mettons en évidence la distribution de probabilité de la rentabilité des capitaux propres et développons en particulier une analyse de sensibilité du risque en fonction des paramètres caractéristiques du contrat (taux garanti, fiscalité, participation) et des caractéristiques de l’actif (composition, volatilité). Mots-clés : otptions réelles, assurance-vie, risque, simulation. Classification JEL : G2, D2, D8.
Hétérogénénéité des comportements d'investissement et fluctuations de l'investissement agrégé
Authors: Duhautois Richard , Jamet Stéphanie
Published: April 2014

Cet article étudie les caractéristiques du profil d’investissement des entreprises à partir d’une base de données comportant un grand nombre d’entreprises françaises. Nous construisons, à l’instar de Doms et Dunne (1998), deux outils statistiques qui permettent d’appréhender les périodes d’investissements nuls et celles d’investissements massifs. Il apparaît que les investissements sont discontinus et fortement hétérogènes. Ce constat soulève le problème de la pertinence de l’hypothèse d’un agent représentatif pour un modèle d’investissement agrégé. Afin de tester si l’hétérogénéité des investissements des entreprises est porteuse d''information sur l'évolution de l'investissement agrégé, nous proposons des indicateurs de cette hétérogénéité puis les introduisons dans une équation d’investissement agrégé. Mots-clés : investissement irréversible, hétérogénéité, données d'entreprises. Classification JEL : D8, D21, C23
Cuevaenes C–E: Three new triene carboxylic derivatives from Streptomyces sp. LZ35ΔgdmAI
Authors: Deng Jing-Jing , Lu Chun-Hua , Li Yao-Yao , Li Shan-Ren , Shen Yue-Mao
Published: April 2014

Two pairs of geometrical isomers – cuevaenes A (1) and C (3) as well as cuevaenes D (4) and E (5) – and cuevaene B (2) were isolated from gdmAI-disrupted Streptomyces sp. LZ35. The constitution of cuevaene C (3) was found to be identical to cuevaene A (1) by means of NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry. However, the relative configurations of the triene side chain moieties were determined to be different. It was established on the basis of spectroscopic data that cuevaenes D (4) and E (5) are amides and geometrical isomers. Cuevaenes A–C (1–3) displayed moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 11060) and modest activity against fungi (e.g., Fusarium verticillioides strain S68 and Rhizoctonia solani strain GXE4). However, cuevaenes D (4) and E (5) showed no inhibitory activity against any of the tested microbes.
Zurbarán después de su IV centenario (Nuevos documentos, obras nuevas)
Authors: Delenda Odile
Published: April 2014

No disponible
De la estampa
Authors: González de Zárate Jesús María
Published: April 2014

Hace algunos años que la estampa ocupa cierta atención en el campo de la investigación para los historiadores del arte. Sin duda alguna, el tan cuestionado Método Iconográfico parece obtener sus resultados. Así, considerando la Iconografía como la ciencia que describe, identifica y clasifica los argumentos visuales, la estampa supone una importante ayuda por cuanto no solamente nos presenta el origen o la difusión de la composición artística, también opera en una mayor comprensión semántica, pues en numerosas ocasiones los textos acompañan el buril.
En un tiempo pretérito quise incorporar a la investigación una bibliografía ajustada (aunque nunca suficiente) para el estudio del arte gráfico. Con este propósito, tienda a tienda, en las calles de Bruselas, Roma o París, formé una pequeña colección de estampas así como la biblioteca del acertado, siempre gozado e intencionadamente sufrido. Instituto Ephialte (un difunto político).…
Los proyectos del arquitecto francés Mansart de Sagonne para los canales del Ebro y del Manzanares (1768)
Authors: Cachau Ph.
Published: April 2014

La llegada del arquitecto francés Jacques Hardouin-Mansart de Sagonne (1711-1778), nieto del gran arquitecto de Luis XIV Jules Hardouin-Mansart, a Madrid durante el verano de 1768 provocó la evolución, poco más o menos voluntaria, según los casos, de unos proyectos de arquitectura o de ingeniería que la administración del rey Carlos III había descuidado desde hacía años. Si esa llegada constituye un episodio totalmente desconocido de la historia de los canales de España por los autores españoles, su análisis permite no obstante medir el interés que tenían unos ingenieros franceses para un país —España— muy descuidado en aquella época y muy atrasado en el plano de las comunicaciones interiores. Sobre todo, es muy instructivo comparar la política de ambos países —Francia y España— ligados por un Pacto de Familia, en cuanto a las concesiones de privilegios para la construcción y la explotación de canales de navegación.…
Documentos inéditos para la biografía de los Macip
Authors: Samper Embiz Vicente
Published: April 2014

La importante exposición sobre Vicente Macip realizada en el Museo de Bellas Artes de Valencia en 1997, acompañada del extenso catálogo con textos de su comisario el doctor Fernando Benito y de José Luis Galdón, ha supuesto, desde su rigurosa tarea de investigación, la recuperación de un pintor cuya gran parte de su producción había sido ignorada y confundida por la historiografía. Ignorada por lo que se refiere a su trayectoria en su etapa «joven » y, confundida, por haberse visto su nombre ensombrecido por la arrolladora presencia de su hijo, el conocido Joan de Joanes. De esta forma se presentaba, sin duda, a uno de los mejores pintores del Renacimiento hispano, planteando por vez primera una propuesta de reconstrucción de su vida profesional, desde sus inicios en el gótico cuatrocentista de fines de siglo XV hasta su incipiente etapa manierista, …
¿Otro título de El Concierto de Palmaroli?
Authors: Štěpánek Pavel
Published: April 2014

El cuadro El Concierto (tabla engatillada, 47,5 x 67,5 cm.), obra clave del pintor Vicente Palmaroli González (1834-1896; desde 1895 director del Museo del Prado), es generalmente conocido también por otros nombres, como Música di Camera, Tertulia de confianza, Una reunión galante por los que ha pasado en diversas oportunidades. El cuadro que Reyero relega en su minucioso estudio de la Pintura y escultura en España, 1800-1910 a un lugar menos importante, surgió probablemente en 1880, poco antes de ser Palmaroli nombrado, en 1883, director de la Academia Española de Bellas Artes de Roma, cuando ya su nombre adquirió el máximo prestigio tanto en la capital española como fuera, sobre todo en París.…
Un inédito de Bartolomé Román
Authors: Velasco B.
Published: April 2014

En 1983 los profesores Ángulo Íñiguez y Pérez Sánchez publicaron un estudio sobre el pintor Bartolomé Román. Además de aportar numerosos datos biográficos, ofrecen un catálogo de las obras entonces conocidas.
Nacido en Montoro (Córdoba) en torno a 1587, recaló en Madrid, donde se le localiza realizando distintas obras en las que advierten los críticos la influencia de Vicente Carducho.
En la biografía del pintor hay una nota descollante: su relación y amistad con distintas órdenes religiosas, lo que explicaría la temática principal de su producción artística. El propio Bartolomé Román profesó en la Tercera Orden de San Francisco; de su matrimonio con María Teves nació un hijo que profesó entre los carmelitas, fr. Luis Román, quien aparece como testamentario de su padre….