bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional status of adolescent school girls residing in rural areas of Dharwad district, India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Pavithran Sreeshma , Bant D. D.
Published: May 2018

Background: Adolescence is a period with rapid growth drive and demands higher nutrition. Improving Nutritional status of rural adolescent girls becomes the cornerstone of community’s nutritional status and target intervention for breaking intergeneration cycle of nutritional deficiencies. The objective of the study was to determine nutritional status and study the demographic factors affecting nutritional status of rural adolescent girls in Dharwad district.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 350 adolescent school girls studying in eight high schools in rural area of Dharwad district during July – September 2017. Demographic profile and dietary pattern was obtained. Anthropometric measurement and clinical examination was done. Statistical analysis was done using SSPS package.Results: Study found 14.9% of rural adolescent girls were under- weight for their age. Based on BMI, 25.2% of girls were under-nourished and 3.7% were over nourished. Significant relation with age, type of diet and age of menarche was found at p value <0.05.Conclusions: There is high prevalence of under nutrition among adolescent girls and is under nutrition is associated with micronutrient deficiencies like anaemia. There is need to create awareness to improve the nutritional needs of adolescent girls in rural areas.
Kite string injury: a thin line between harmless sport and grievous injury
Authors: Gupta Pradeep , Jain Ayush , Patil Aditya Nanasaheb , Thakor Rushin , Kumar Sharad
Published: May 2018

Background: Kite flying is a common hobby and sport in many countries. Injuries related to kites are on the rise, but there is a relative paucity of data and literature on this subject.Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who presented with injuries directly related to kite strings was done. All such cases presenting in January 2018 were included. Other indirect or  secondary injuries were excluded.Results: A total of  187  patients were identified. Males were most commonly affected.  The most  common age group affected was 16-20 years and head and neck was most frequently involved. There were  no cases of mortality.Conclusions: A seemingly harmless game of kite flying a kite can cause grievous harm - even death - not only to the flyer, but also to innocent others. This study attempts to highlight these dangers and emphasizes  that potential threats have to be understood and addressed adequately.
Los “otros” de la historia. Aproximaciones conceptuales en torno a un posible diálogo Foucault-Benjamin
Authors: Suaza Estrada Edwin Jader
Published: May 2018

El artículo propone un posible diálogo entre Foucault y Walter Benjamin frente a la manera de abordar la Historia. A partir de la revisión documental de varios de los escritos más representativos de estos pensadores se presentan algunos aspectos teóricos, metodológicos y epistemológicos que diferencian o asimilan sus propuestas teóricas frente a la Historia. A su vez aborda la crítica de la Historia: por un lado, a partir del concepto “genealogía” presente en la obra de Foucault; y por otro, desde la crítica que Benjamín hace al historicismo. Esto desde algunas comprensiones y métodos planteados por el movimiento surrealista. Se plantean, en este sentido, elementos conceptuales que permiten entender la Historia como producto de una serie de corrientes subterráneas y de fuerzas en conflicto que modifican el mundo y la forma en que lo dotamos de significados, muchos de los cuales nos hablan de la presencia de “otros” sujetos de la Historia en los complejos procesos que subyacen a su producción, enunciación y recepción.

 
Editorial: From innovative experiences to wider visions in higher education
Authors: Donà dalle Rose Luigi F. , Serbati Anna
Published: May 2018

Nowadays, there is a growing awareness that higher education is called to help young people to develop their personal and professional future. The university mission is not only to increase opportunities for employability and for better matching of labour market requests and graduates’ skills, but also to prepare people to positively live in local and global communities as well as to actively contribute to personal and community well-being. Therefore, a more holistic approach to education is required, which overcomes the traditional idea of promoting logical, cognitive and linguistic intelligence and which promotes multiple intelligences, including emotional, interpersonal, creative skills. Scholarship of teaching and learning in higher education and educational research have shown that there is a variety of strategies and methods that can foster not only the development of knowledge, but also soft skills. This Issue offers some perspectives and innovative experiences in different subject areas within this framework and moves towards more general visions of educational issues.Published online: 31 May 2018
How does it feel? The affective domain and undergraduate student perception of fieldwork set in a broad pedagogical perspective
Authors: Henry Tiernan , Murray John
Published: May 2018

Fieldwork in the earth sciences is much valued by students, teachers and prospective employers alike, yet it has been reduced as a component of many undergraduate programmes in recent times. This study presents the results of an investigation of the undergraduate student perception of fieldwork, specifically in the context of the affective domain, and considers the effectiveness of field-based training as a pedagogical tool. Fieldwork provides the learner with a deep and immersive learning environment, where they are required to apply knowledge and theory acquired in class to the natural world, and to then analyse its validity. Strong spatial and temporal reasoning skills are routinely employed, and construction of maps is central to the learning experience, as it requires students to carefully observe their surroundings and make informed and reasoned decisions as to what is important and truly necessary to document. As part of this study students from a single higher education institution in Ireland were provided with anonymous questionnaires and polled for their opinions prior to and following a phase of residential fieldwork. The results clearly show an appreciation of not just the cognitive benefits, but also the transferable, technical and social skills developed and improved through their varied first-hand real world fieldwork experiences. These findings are much in keeping with those of previous studies. Overall, the student study group demonstrated enhanced affective domain responses to residential fieldwork: a recurring theme in the responses was recognition of the importance and value of sound observation and scientific rigor. These skills could subsequently be applied to many other areas of student learning, thus helping them to consolidate and integrate their knowledge base. The capacity of field training to transform the way students think was very evident – they became knowledge generators rather than just knowledge recipients.Received: 21 March 2018 Accepted: 08 May 2018 Published online: 31 May 2018
Progress in the treatment of sudden deafness
Authors: Wang Jian , Yuan Fang
Published: May 2018

In recent years, the incidence of sudden deafness has a tendency to rise. Most scholars believe that the cause of the disease are virus infection, lymph fluid and cochlear circulation dysfunction and so on. The above several etiology may play a role in the process of sudden deafness, it is hard to isolate one of the causes, so there is no definite treatment of sudden deafness, the treatments of sudden deafness are based on the conjectural cause, lacking pertinence. This paper summarize the treatments of sudden deafness, in order to explore better ways to treat sudden deafness and to promote the development of clinical research.
Clinical Application of Miniature Peroneal Perforation Flap for Free Grafting In Soft Fibers of Hand, Foot and Skin
Authors: Wu Zhilin , Chen Changsong , Zhang Jie , Chen Yang , Wu Chengbin , Li Pehua , Li Lei
Published: May 2018

Objective: To study the clinical application and effect of free transplantation of miniature peroneal perforation flap in soft and tissue defects of hand, foot and skin. Method: 28 patients with hand, foot, skin and soft tissue defects who were treated in hospital from May 2015 to May 2016 were selected as the subjects. The patients were randomly divided into group A as experimental group and group B as control group. Two groups of patients with treatment site microcirculation, postoperative recovery and sensory score were compared. Results: The microcirculation indexes of group A were significantly better than those of group B (P <0.05). The rate of recovery in group A was 92.86% and rate of recovery in group B was 71.43%, after treatment recovery in group A is significantly better than group B (P <0.05). Before and after treatment, the sensory scores of the two groups were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The sensory score of group A was significantly higher than that of group B (P <0.05). Conclusion: The microperitoneal perforation flap dissection has a good clinical effect, which can effectively improve the postoperative recovery of patients with soft tissue defects of hand, foot and skin, improve the microcirculation index of the treatment site and improve the sensory score of the treatment site, should be widely used in clinical treatment.
The Influence of Self-Efficacy on Satisfaction and Work-Related Performance
Authors: Machmud Senen
Published: May 2018

Previous studies show that there is an influence of self-efficacy on task performance. However, there is not much research that relates those variables with job satisfaction and task performance. Therefore, this research aims to know the influence of self-efficacy on satisfaction, work perception, and task performance. The population in this study are the employees. The total sample is 69 employees with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis of this study is a partial least squares approach (PLS). The result shows that there is a significant positive effect of self-efficacy on satisfaction and employee’s job perception that impact on the work-related performance. The results of this study recommend that the self-efficacy improves satisfaction and work perception.
A REVIEW OF TRADITIONAL USES, PHYTOCHEMICALS AND BIOACTIVITIES OF THE GENUS HYPOESTES
Authors: Al Haidari Rwaida A.
Published: May 2018

Background: Plants have been used as a folkloric source of medicinal agents since the beginning of mankind. The genus Hypoestes (family Acanthaceae) includes over 150 species. The ethno-pharmacological studies of the plant belonging to this genus indicated that they possess various bioactivities as cytotoxic, anti-leismanial, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, and anti-trypanosomal. Furthermore, they have been utilized in different traditional medicines for treating various aliments as eye sores, breast, liver, heart, and skin diseases, respiratory infections, anemia, malaria, scabies, typhoid, hypertension, and gonorrhea. This review focuses on the traditional uses, chemical constituents, and bioactivities of Hypoestes species.

Methods: The information was acquired from a literature searching in electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google-Scholar, SpringerLink, Scopus, and Wiley up to 2017 for publications on genus Hypoestes.

Results: The genus Hypoestes had varied classes of chemical constituents, including diterpenoids, alkaloids, lignans, and pentacyclic triterpenes. Herein, 46 metabolites and more than 30 references have been cited.

Conclusion: This works provides a background for the future studies on Hypoestes species, particularly the species, which have not been extensively explored for separation and characterization of bioactive constituents and pharmacological potentials.
Clinical Outcomes According to Femoral and Acetabular Version After Periacetabular Osteotomy
Authors: Seo Hajime , Naito Masatoshi , Kinoshita Koichi , Minamikawa Tomohiko , Yamamoto Takuaki
Published: May 2018

Background:

Patients with acetabular dysplasia often have abnormal femoral and acetabular version. The effect of combined femoral and acetabular version on clinical outcomes after periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of acetabular dysplasia remains unclear. The purposes of the present study were (1) to evaluate the association of combined femoral and acetabular version with clinical outcome after periacetabular osteotomy and (2) to investigate the association of femoral version independently with clinical outcome after periacetabular osteotomy.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the records for 92 consecutive patients (95 hips) who had undergone periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of symptomatic acetabular dysplasia. The patient cohort comprised 85 females and 7 males with a mean age of 38.9 years at the time of surgery. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.8 years (range, 2.0 to 7.2 years). Femoral and acetabular version and the alpha angle were measured on postoperative computed tomography scans. Clinical outcomes included range of motion and the modified Harris hip score. Analysis of variance was used to investigate the effect of femoral version on clinical outcomes. Analysis of covariance was used to adjust for potential covariates.

Results:

Combined femoral and acetabular version after periacetabular osteotomy was slightly, but significantly, correlated with postoperative flexion (r = 0.222; p = 0.031) and internal rotation in flexion (r = 0.326; p = 0.001). Patients with mild femoral version (<15°) experienced significantly less postoperative internal rotation in flexion than those with severe femoral version (>35°); however, this difference was lost after adjustment for potential covariates. There were no differences among femoral version groups (mild, moderate, and severe) in terms of improvements in the clinical outcomes of pain, function, and activity.

Conclusions:

Combined femoral and acetabular version after periacetabular osteotomy was significantly correlated with postoperative range of motion. Abnormality of femoral version associated with acetabular dysplasia did not demonstrate any effect on the clinical outcomes of periacetabular osteotomy.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Bone Tumors Registered in the Hiroshima Tumor Tissue Registry, 1973-2012
Authors: Sugiyama Hiromi , Omonishi Kunihiro , Yonehara Shuji , Ozasa Kotaro , Kajihara Hiroki , Tsuya Takafumi , Takeshima Yukio
Published: May 2018

Background:

Reported information on the characteristics of benign bone tumors is disjointed, and the long-term trends in the occurrence of malignant bone tumors by histological type have not been reported in Japan. Our aim was to describe the characteristics of both benign and malignant bone tumors as described in cases registered in the Hiroshima Tumor Tissue Registry from 1973 to 2012.

Methods:

Cases were identified with the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O-3) topography code C40-C41 (bones, joints, and articular cartilage), and histological types were classified according to the World Health Organization 2013 system. We described the distribution of the cases by behavior, sex, skeletal site of tumor occurrence, histological type, period at diagnosis (in 10-year groups), and age at diagnosis (in 10-year groups).

Results:

We observed 2,542 benign bone tumors, 272 intermediate bone tumors, and 506 malignant bone tumors. We confirmed that 81.6% of benign bone tumors were chondrogenic, consisting primarily of osteochondromas and enchondromas. Giant cell tumor of bone was the most dominant type of intermediate tumor, whereas osteogenic tumors and chondrogenic tumors were the most dominant types of malignant tumors. Among malignant bone tumors, 41.7% of tumors occurred in the long bones of the lower limb, and there were different peaks of age at the time of diagnosis for osteogenic tumors and chondrogenic tumors. A similar distribution of histological types was seen throughout the 40-year observation period.

Conclusions:

Osteochondroma and enchondroma differed in terms of the age of the patient at the time of diagnosis and the skeletal sites where the tumors most frequently occurred. Giant cell tumor had a large impact on occurrence as a common type of intermediate bone tumor.

Clinical Relevance:

The results of the present study, based on pathological tissue registry data, provide knowledge about the epidemiological and pathological features of bone tumors in Japan.
Diabetes and Hyperglycemia in Lower-Extremity Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Rudy Michael D. , Ahuja Neera K. , Aaronson Alistair J.
Published: May 2018

* Diabetes mellitus is prevalent among patients undergoing lower-extremity total joint arthroplasty, occurring in upwards of 20% of patients undergoing arthroplasty, and nondiabetic stress-induced hyperglycemia may be seen in >50% of patients undergoing arthroplasty.

* Poor glycemic control including elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with diabetes and elevated plasma glucose levels in patients without diabetes correlate with worse surgical and medical outcomes in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty, but may have limited predictive value in individual patients.

* Available outcomes literature suggests that efforts to achieve HbA1c below 6.5% to 7.5% preoperatively may maximize access to total joint arthroplasty while limiting excess morbidity; this generally aligns with most medical guidelines’ recommendations with regard to long-term glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

* Most patients with type-2 diabetes undergoing total joint arthroplasty should be treated perioperatively with a weight-based basal-bolus insulin regimen instead of sliding-scale monotherapy targeting moderate (generally defined as <180 mg/dL in nonfasting patients) and not overly strict glycemic control. Oral hypoglycemic agents may convey specific risks in the perioperative period.

* Future prospective studies evaluating preoperative and perioperative glycemic control strategies for patients with and without diabetes are needed to assess whether clinically meaningful outcomes might be improved by implementing these strategies.
Advanced Agronomic Practices to Maximize Feed Barley Yield, Quality, and Standability in Alberta, Canada. II. Responses to Supplemental Post‐Emergence Nitrogen
Authors: Perrott L. A. , Strydhorst S. M. , Hall L. M. , Yang R. C. , Pauly D. , Gill K. S. , Bowness R.
Published: May 2018

Agronomic solutions such as supplemental post‐emergence N may increase yield of feed‐barley grain.

Grain yield, grain N yield, and grain protein generally increased as post‐emergence N rate increased.

Largest grain yield increases occurred in environments with >300 mm of growing season precipitation.

Yields decreased when N was applied as urea ammonium nitrate in hot and low‐precipitation conditions.

There were no adverse negative effects to maturity, lodging, or grain quality in ‘Amisk’ feed barley.

Small yield gains and decreasing feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) acreage in Alberta may be addressed with agronomic solutions. Field experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2016 at 3 irrigated and 11 rain‐fed environments in Alberta, Canada, to determine the effects of supplemental post‐emergence N on ‘Amisk’ feed barley growth, grain yield, and grain quality. At the time of seeding, urea N was applied at rates suitable for targeting average yield potential in each environment. Just prior to BBCH 30 (beginning of stem elongation), this was supplemented with additional 0, 34, and 68 kg N ha−1 in the form of undiluted urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), and 34 kg N ha−1 with the urease inhibitor N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). In most environments, grain yield, grain N yield (grain yield × percentage grain N), and grain protein increased with post‐emergence N rate. The largest positive grain yield responses (up to 19%) usually occurred in environments with more than 300 mm of growing season precipitation. Grain yield and grain N yield were significantly reduced when post‐emergence N was applied in high temperatures with low precipitation. Post‐emergence N increased height, but did not markedly change lodging or days to maturity. The grain quality parameters of test weight, starch, and fiber had minor responses to post‐emergence N application. The addition of NBPT to post‐emergence N had little effect on any response variables. Supplemental post‐emergence N provided an agronomic solution for increasing feed barley grain yield, but consistent increases were limited to irrigated or high precipitation environments.
Defoliation Management Affects Productivity, Leaf/Stem Ratio, and Tiller Counts of ‘Performer’ Switchgrass
Authors: Bekewe P.E. , Castillo M.S. , Rivera R.
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Defoliation management resulted in a wide range of plant responses that varied by year, with deleterious responses more evident in the second year.

Greater leaf/stem ratios occurred with more frequent defoliation treatments.

Frequent defoliations such as every 3 wk should maintain a stubble height of at least 40 cm, defoliation frequencies ≥6 wk to 20‐cm stubble height, and ≥9 wk to 10 cm stubble height are warranted to ensure stand persistence.

‘Performer’ switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) was released in 2006 by the USDA‐NCSU forage program because of its greater digestibility compared to standard cultivars grown in the southeastern United States. Forages with greater digestibility have potential to positively impact animal responses, however, defoliation management can influence its productivity and persistence. The objectives were to determine the effect of the factorial combination of four defoliation heights (DH) (clipped to 10, 20, 30, and 40‐cm) and four defoliation frequencies (DF) (clipped every 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk) on productivity, leaf/stem ratio, and tiller counts. The experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC. The 16 treatments were allocated in a complete randomized block design replicated four times. In 2016, total dry matter (DM) yield ranged from 4.2 to 13.1 Mg ha−1 being greatest for the 9‐ and 12‐wk DF at 10‐ and 20‐cm DH and lowest for all DH at 3‐wk defoliation frequency. In 2017, the DM yield range was wider ranging from 0.5 to 14.0 Mg ha−1 with lower tiller counts for the 10‐ and 20‐cm DH, 3‐wk DF treatments. Leaf/stem ratio was greater for the more frequently defoliated treatments in both years. ‘Performer’ switchgrass is a productive forage and on the basis of total DM harvested, leaf/stem ratio, and tiller counts, frequent defoliations such as every 3 wk to 40‐cm stubble height, ≥6 wk to 20‐cm stubble height, and ≥ 9 wk to 10 cm stubble height, are warranted to ensure stand persistence.
Communication and Publishing in Extension
Authors: Mehring Grant
Published: May 2018

Communication in extension can take many forms, including written publications, oral presentations, and dissemination of information through the internet. In this month's column, Dr. Mehring shares his experience with publishing in extension and science communication.
Biosorption of an Anionic Dye, Eosin Yellow onto Pineapple Peels: Isotherm and Thermodynamic Study
Authors: Ugbe Fabian Audu , Anebi Patrick Onuh , Ikudayisi Victoria Abiola
Published: May 2018

Eosin Yellow (EY), an anionic dye (acid dye) was adsorbed using an agricultural waste, pineapple peels (PP) as bio-sorbent in order to investigate its suitability as an alternative adsorbent, and to give insight into the mechanisms of binding. The study includes: equilibrium isotherms and thermodynamics studies. The adsorption isotherm and thermodynamics experiments were conducted using batch equilibrium techniques. The adsorption data were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models; as a result, the data fitted well into the Langmuir model from which the adsorption capacity, qe was obtained as 11.76 mg/g. Experimental values of the thermodynamics parameters (ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) and separation factor (RL) in combination suggested that the adsorption process was endothermic, feasible, spontaneous, and had high degree of freedom. Combined results of the isotherms and thermodynamic study suggested a physisorption-chemisorption mechanism for the adsorption process. Therefore, the results of the study could provide useful information to evaluate the raw pineapple peel powder as a cheap source of adsorbent for the removal of EY from waste water.
Bazı Kavun Genotiplerinde Arbuscular Mikorhizal Fungus (AMF) Uygulamalarının Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis’e Dayanıklılık Düzeylerine Etkileri
Authors: TORUN Ayşe , TÜRKMEN Önder
Published: May 2018

Bu araştırma, Van Gölü Havzası’ndan selekte edilen ve Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis’in 1 noluırkına (Fom) dayanıklılık düzeyleri belirlenmiş bazı yerel kavun genotiplerinde Arbüsküler Mikorizal Fungus(AMF) uygulamalarının Fom’un 1 nolu ırkına dayanıklılık düzeylerindeki değişimleri ortaya koymak amacıylayürütülmüştür. Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi seraları ve laboratuvarlarında yürütülen bu araştırmada, bitkimateryali olarak 65 MUR 01, 65 ERD 06, 65 EDR 03, 13 TAT 01, 65 MER 06 ve 65 EDR 02 kavun genotipleri,mikorizal fungus olarak Glomus intraradices (G. intraradices) ve Gigaspora margarita (G. margarita) türlerikullanılmıştır. Denemede 1:2:2 oranında dere kumu, bahçe toprağı ve çiftlik gübresinden oluşan yetiştirme ortamıkullanılmıştır. Deneme boyunca doğal olarak ortaya çıkabilecek mikorizal bağımlılık ve farklı toprak kaynaklıhastalık etmenlerinden sakınmak için yetiştirme ortamı sterilize edilmiş ve sulamalarda saf su kullanılmıştır.Üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülen araştırmada, her parselde 250 ml hacimli 15 saksı ve her saksıda bir bitkibulundurulmuştur. Tohum ekiminden 40 gün sonra deneme sonlandırılmış, her parselden 5 bitki fusarium testi içinlaboratuvara alınmış ve 30 gün süre ile gözlem altında tutulmuşlardır. Kontrol grubu parsellerde değişik oranlardaduyarlılık gösteren 65 MUR 01, 65 EDR 03, 13 TAT 01 ve 65 MER 06 genotiplerinin Fom 1 inokulasyonu yapılmışG. intraradices uygulamasında, hastalıktan hiç etkilenmedikleri görülmüştür. G. margarita’da ise 65 MUR 01, 65ERD 06 ve 13 TAT 01 nolu genotiplerde yapılan testleme sonucu hastalık belirtisi gözlenmemiştir. Genel olarak G.intraradices mikoriza türü Fom’un 1 nolu ırkına dayanıklılık seviyesinin artmasında en iyi etkiye sahip olmuştur.
Capoeta capoeta’da Lambda Cyhalothrin’in Biyokimyasal ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu
Authors: KOÇ Evren , AKÇAY Mustafa
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmada, Kars Çayından yakalanan Capoeta capoeta (Guldenstaedt 1773) üzerine Lambda Cyhalothrin(LCT)’in etkilerinin biyokimyasal ve moleküler yöntemlerle araştırılması amaçlandı. Kars Çayından yakalananbalıklar her grupta 10 adet balık olacak şekilde 3 gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar; kontrol grubu (herhangi bir uygulamayapılmadı), I. gruptaki balıklar 0.012 µgL-1 LCT içeren tankta, II. gruptaki balıklar ise 0.025 µgL-1 LCT içerentankta 6 saat süreyle bekletildi. Bu süre sonunda balıklardan biyokimyasal ve moleküler analizler için kan ve karaciğerdoku örnekleri alındı. Uygulanan spektrofotometrik analizlarin sonucu olarak Glutatyon (GSH) düzeyleriiçin kontrol ve uygulama gruplarında istatistiksel farklılık saptanmadı (P>0.05). 8-Hidroksi-2’-Deoksiguanozin(8-OHdG) düzeylerinin ise LCT uygulanan gruplarda kontrol grubuna göre azaldığı tespit edildi (P<0.01). KaraciğerGlutatyon S-transferaz (GST), Glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx), Glutatyon Redüktaz (GR), Katalaz (CAT) veSüperoksit Dismutaz (SOD) enzimlerinin ekspresyon seviyeleri RT-PCR yöntemi ile araştırıldığında ise kontrolgrubuna göre artış meydana geldiği belirlendi. Sonuç olarak; LCT’in Capoeta capoeta balık türleri üzerinde toksiketki gösterdiği, buna bağlı olarak balıklarda antioksidan enzim düzeyleri artarak oksidatif hasarı ve DNA/RNAhasarını azalttığı tespit edildi.
Koruyucu Madde Paraben’in Allium cepa L.’daki Fizyolojik, Anatomik ve Sitogenetik Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: KURT Deniz , ÇAVUŞOĞLU Kültiğin , YALÇIN Emine
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmada, günlük yaşamımızda sıkça kullandığımız kozmetik ve temizlik ürünleri başta olmak üzere,pek çok ürünün bileşiminde yer alan Metil Paraben’in Allium cepa L. test materyalinde teşvik ettiği toksisite fizyolojik,sitogenetik ve anatomik parametreler kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Fizyolojik parametreler; çimlenme yüzdesi,kök uzunluğu ve ağırlık artışının ölçülmesiyle, sitogenetik parametreler; mikronukleus sıklığı, kromozomalanormallikler ve mitotik indeks değerlerinin tespitiyle, anatomik parametreler ise kök uçlarından alınan kesitlerinmikroskopta incelenmesiyle araştırılmıştır. A. cepa L. tohumları bir (1) kontrol ve üç (3) uygulama olmak üzeretoplam dört (4) gruba ayrılmış, 72 saat süresince, kontrol grubundaki tohumlar çeşme suyu, uygulama grubundakitohumlar ise Metil Parabenin 100, 250 ve 500 mM dozları ile muamele edilmişlerdir. Süre sonunda kök uçları rutinpreparasyon işlemlerine tabi tutulmuş, boyanmış ve mikroskobik incelemeler için hazır hale getirilmiştir. Sonuçta,paraben uygulamasının doza bağlı olarak çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu, ağırlık artışı ve mitotik indeks değerlerindeistatistiksel olarak önemli (p<0.05) bir azalmaya, mikronukleus ve kromozomal anormallik sayılarında iseönemli (p<0.05) bir artışa neden olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, paraben uygulaması kök ucu hücrelerinde yassılaşmışhücre çekirdeği, nekroz, korteks hücre çeperlerinde kalınlaşma, belirgin olmayan iletim doku, hücre deformasyonuve korteks hücrelerinde bazı maddelerin birikimi şeklinde anatomik değişimlere neden olmuştur. Sonuç olarak,paraben’in belirli bir doz seviyesinde toksik etki gösterdiği, A. cepa L. test materyalinin ise söz konusu etkininbelirlenmesinde oldukça kullanışlı bir biyolojik indikatör olduğu gösterilmiştir.
Manisa’da Yetiştirilen Ispanak Bitkisinin (Spinacia oleracea L.) Toprak, Kök ve Yaprak Element Konsantrasyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KAYNAR Sermin Çam , HİÇSÖNMEZ Ümran , ÖZDEMİR Ali , ÖZDEMİR Canan
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmada ıspanağın (Spinacia oleracea L.) kök ve yapraklarında ve toprakta bulunan 24 elementkonsantrasyonunun ICP-OES kullanılarak belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ispanak numunelerinde Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cr,Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr, Ti ve Zn metal konsantrasyonları sırasıyla mg kg-1 olarak 30–151.6, 0.2–1.4, 3.8–13.6, 1615–14131, 0.3–1.5, 6.9–113.2, 96.1–420.1, 23215–132772, 2109–7271, 19–90.5, 604.4–22750,0.1–1.3, 5.5–7.5, 140–475, 24.6–66, 2.0–28 and 23.9–123.9 mg kg-1 miktarlarında tespit edildi. Elde edilensonuçlarla one-way Anova testi kullanılarak yapılan istatistiksel değerlendirmelere göre; Al, Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mn,Na, Ni, Pb, Si ve Ti element konsantrasyonları ile kök, gövde ve toprak arasında P < 0.01 ve P < 0.05 düzeylerindeanlamlı ilişki bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Eugenol’ün Fusarium culmorum Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YÖRÜK Emre , SEFER Özlem , SEZER Ayşe Server , KONUKCU Zeynep , DEVELİ Elif Sedef
Published: May 2018

Fusarium culmorum küçük daneli tahıllarda ekonomik kayıplara yol açan hastalık etmenlerinden birisidir.Bu çalışmada, arttırılmış eugenol konsantrasyonlarına (0, 200, 400, 800 µg mL-1) maruz bırakılmış F. culmorumF15 izolatında spor üretimi ve doğrusal büyüme oranı belirlendi. İlaveten, eugenol uygulanmış ve uygulanmamışfungal kültürlerde aseksüel üreme ve hücre çeperi yapısının oluşumunda elzem olan FcMgv1 ve FcStuA genlerininanlatımı da test edildi. Üremeyi engelleyen minimum konsantrasyon 400 µg mL-1 eugenol olarak belirlendi.Kontrol ve deney setleri karşılaştırıldığında, spor üretimi ve doğrusal büyüme oranında bilimsel olarak anlamlıazalma belirlendi (p<0.01). Gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qPCR) analizlerinde, β-tubulin endojenkontrol olarak kullanıldı ve FcMgv1 ve FcStuA genlerinin anlatımı Eva-Green florofor boyası kullanılarak saptandı.Gen anlatımındaki oransal değişimlerde bilimsel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar (p<0.01) saptandı. Normalizasyonbulguları FcMgv1 ve FcStuA genlerindeki oransal değişimlerin sırasıyla +4.35±0.25 and +2.04±0.13 olduğunugösterdi. qPCR bulguları ayrıca ters transkripsiyon PCR (RT-PCR) analizleri ile doğrulandı. Akridin orange/Etidyum bromür dual boyamasında hücrelerde geç apoptoza rastlanmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulareugenolün potansiyel antifungal etkilere sahip olduğunu ve F. culmorum’un neden olduğu başak yanıklığı ilemücadelede kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışma saf eugenol bileşiğinin F. culmorum üzerindeki fenotipikve transkriptomik etkilerinin değerlendirilmesini açısından özgün bulgular sunmaktadır.
Jet-loop reactor with cross-flow ultrafiltration membrane system for treatment of olive mill wastewater
Authors: Ribeiro B. , Torrado I. , Di Berardino S. , Paixão S. M. , Rusan M. J. , Bani Amer A. , Zuraiqi S. , Eusébio A.
Published: May 2018

Olive oil extraction is one of the ancient agricultural industries all over the Mediterranean area and even today it is of fundamental economic importance for many industries found over the whole Mediterranean. However, this industry generates large amounts of olive mill wastewater (OMW) and due to its physicochemical characteristics it causes severe environmental concerns and management problems in the Mediterranean area, which is facing water scarcity. Technologies to reuse this wastewater will have a high impact at the economic and environmental level. The work presented aims to improve the use of jet-loop reactors technology for the aerobic biotreatment of OMW. A jet-loop reactor (100 L) coupled with an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (MBR) system (JACTO.MBR_100 L) were tested for the influence of hydraulic parameters on OMW degradation and scale-up to 1,000 L. Chemical oxygen demand and total phenols (TP) decreased notably (up to 85% and 80% removal efficiency, respectively) after the biological treatment. The treated OMW (UF permeate) was evaluated as a source for irrigation and its impact on the soil and plant growth and their quality parameters.
Rotary drum composter as a low cost method for the removal of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris Trichiura in faecal sludge compost
Authors: Appiah-Effah Eugene , Nyarko Kwabena Biritwum , Awuah Esi , Antwi Eric Ofosu
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study was to use of rotary drum composter as a low cost method for the removal of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris Trichiura in faecal sludge compost. Two runs of compost experiment (Run 1 and Run 2) were carried out consecutively. Each Run of composting was done in four different rotary drums at real scale using a mixture of faecal sludge and shredded maize cobs and monitored for 12 weeks. Concentration of Ascaris and Trichuris were measured once a week to understand their behaviour. Temperature, Moisture Content and pH were also measured. High concentrations of Ascaris and Trichuris were present in the initial compost mix of both Runs 1 and 2. The concentration of Ascaris and Trichuris respectively in Run 1 ranged from 65–77 eggs/gTS and 30–41 eggs/gTS. In Run 2, measured concentrations of Ascaris and Trichuris ranged from 77–110 eggs/gTS and 46–52 eggs/gTS. After 84 days of composting faecal sludge, Ascaris was removed by a minimum of 82% and Trichuris by a minimum of 88%. The findings showed that plastic composter with paddles performed better compared with the other experiments. This means that the type of composter have a significant impact on the removal of helminth.
Mitigating the aftermath of Malaysia's worst flood in 50 years: emergency drinking water supply with ultrafiltration
Authors: Chew Chun Ming , David Ng K. M.
Published: May 2018

In December 2014, a massive flood hit northern states of Peninsular Malaysia causing severe damage to thousands of houses and leaving the area in a disastrous condition. Electricity and public piped water supplies were cut-off, as sub-stations and municipal water treatment plants were submerged in flood water. As part of Techkem Water's corporate social responsibility initiatives, mobile ultrafiltration membrane water treatment systems were deployed to provide emergency drinking water supplies to flood victims. Four types of mobile system were evaluated in this case study. The operational parameters of the systems such as feed water turbidity, system capacity, filtrate quality, filtration flux, footprint required and specific energy requirement details are presented. Each system has distinctive features that help to accommodate different site conditions.
Monitoring groundwater quality in a Namibian rural settlement
Authors: Lewis E. , Claasen T.
Published: May 2018

Drinking water in rural areas is often contaminated due to poor sanitation practices, which cause problems such as diarrhea, polio and cholera. Rural water quality is a critical issue in Namibia because a great deal of the population lives in rural settlements. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of nitrate and some microbial parameters in borehole waters in 8 rural settlements in Hardap, Namibia. The tests were conducted in 2016 and the results compared to tests on the same boreholes in 2011. Parameters were determined using standard procedures. Water infrastructure and sanitation practices were also examined. Water parameters were compared to NamWater safe water drinking guidelines. The results revealed that sanitation practices need to be improved to avoid health risks. High levels of nitrate and coliform bacteria were identified as the most threatening contaminants that were determined. Water quality has deteriorated in these settlements since 2011, when only two of the boreholes yielded water unfit for drinking. In 2016 the number of unfit boreholes had increased to four. Systematic monitoring of groundwater quality, workshops on public health and sanitation practices, and improved sanitation facilities are recommended.
Arsenic removal from drinking water using low-pressure nanofiltration under various operating conditions
Authors: Harfoush M. , Mirbagheri S. A. , Ehteshami M. , Nejati S.
Published: May 2018

Currently, one of the main environmental concerns is the toxicity caused by arsenic. Arsenic-polluted water can cause many human health problems including various cancerous diseases. In natural water, inorganic arsenic can be found in the forms of arsenite and arsenate, which have been found in several Iranian provinces – e.g., East Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, and the city of Bijar – in high concentrations. Modern nanofiltration (NF) technology enables a wide range of water resource pollutants to be controlled efficiently. In this study, in an attempt to enhance arsenic removal (both arsenite and arsenate) from drinking water using low pressure NF, operating conditions like arsenic concentration, the trans-membrane pressure applied, and a range of different temperatures have all been considered. The highest arsenate removal achieved was 94% with an initial concentration of 500 μg/L, at 7 bar pressure, and 28 °C. The highest arsenite removal was 90%, with an initial concentration of 100 μg/L, at 5 bar pressure, and also at 28 °C. Increasing the pressure had a positive effect on the removal of both species, however, increasing the temperature had negative impacts. It was always found that arsenate removal was better than arsenite removal.
Inter-organisational resilience for flood focussed emergency planning: examining multi-agency connectedness through Twitter
Authors: Bunney Sarah , Ward Sarah , Butler David
Published: May 2018

The use of Twitter as a platform to share and exchange information between emergency responders, water service providers and the public during an emergency situation is becoming more evident. The sharing of real-time information is invaluable for situational awareness and effective emergency response. To explore this integrated approach, twitter profiles for Local Resilience Forums and Water Service Providers were analysed to demonstrate their connectedness. It was discovered that the connectivity between the Local Resilience Forums and the Water Service Providers was limited and further research is being conducted to establish why these connections do not exist.
Bounds on water quality sensor network performance from design choices and practical considerations
Authors: van Thienen P. , de Graaf B. , Hoogterp J. , van Summeren J. , Vogelaar A.
Published: May 2018

Traditional approaches to optimal water quality sensor placement in drinking water distribution networks can be limiting, because they are oriented towards obtaining information and mitigating effects. Approaches optimizing the utility's response to contamination merit wider study and application. The performance of these different approaches is studied and discussed in this paper. It is also shown that practical considerations can impose significant limitations on the performance that can be achieved by a water quality sensor network. These aspects should be taken into account when optimizing sensor placement in a real drinking water distribution network.
Distribution of stable isotopes in water from an alpine river in China
Authors: Meng Yuchuan , Liu Guodong
Published: May 2018

The Hailuogou River, on the south-eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, receives a substantial portion of its flow from meltwater. The stable isotopic composition and water temperature were observed for waters collected from the main stream and selected tributaries. The results indicate that the river water is generally more depleted in 18O and 2H than groundwater, but more enriched than meltwater. The river water in the upper reaches is characterised by more negative isotopic values, the isotopic fingerprint of meltwaters, and lower temperatures. Both δ18O and δ2H increase significantly during passage from the upper basin downward, at least partly due to enrichment from tributary-inputs. There are also an altitude δ18O-effect of −0.1‰ per 100-m rise, and an altitude δ2H-effect of −0.8‰ per 100-m rise, along the main stream. The positive correlation between isotopic composition and water temperature further highlights the role of meltwater in regulating the river's isotope hydrology. The fraction of meltwater inputs over the total river flow ranges from 67% at Section 11 to 89% at Section 7, in the proglacial headwater region. The tributary-input enrichments and ice-snow melting are the main mechanisms controlling the isotopic composition of river runoff, but depending strongly on altitude.
Update on the PHA Pulmonary Hypertension Care Center Network: Early Experience With the National Accreditation Program
Authors: Gray Michael Patrick , Onyeador Olivia , Wirth Joel A.
Published: May 2018

World Health Organization (WHO) Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) (PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension) and WHO Group 4 PH (CTEPH, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension) are rare diseases of the pulmonary vascular system characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance in the absence of elevated left ventricular filling pressures, which may progress to right heart failure and death.1 Left untreated, the median survival for idiopathic (IPAH) and heritable (HPAH) disease is about 2.8 years from diagnosis.2 Adherence to expert consensus guidelines on PH diagnosis and management is of critical importance to correctly target therapy and improve patient outcomes.
PH Roundtable: Center-based Care
Authors: Chakinala Murali M. , Badesch David , Awdish Rana , Stewart Traci , Bathon Rebecca , Connor Colleen
Published: May 2018

As guest editor of this issue, Dr Chakinala organized a group of individuals who each had different perspectives and relationships to Pulmonary Hypertension Care Centers. In conversation among the physicians, nurse, social worker, and patient, they touch on the evolution of care of pulmonary hypertension patients over the past 20 years and the complexity of care that new medications and their side effects create. They discuss the advantages that centers of care can bring to the patients and to the field as a whole from access to experts to multidisciplinary care and clinical research during their lively conversation.
PH Professional Network: Roadmap to Accreditation: Practical Aspects
Authors: Housten Traci , Traiger Glenna
Published: May 2018

The Pulmonary Hypertension Care Center (PHCC) initiative began accrediting Centers of Comprehensive Care (CCC) in 2014, and Regional Clinical Programs (RCP) as part of a pilot program in 2017, in an effort to improve access to quality pulmonary hypertension (PH) care for patients throughout the United States. The purpose of this column is to present a roadmap to accreditation for PH coordinators and their PH teams. We will highlight the essential role that PH coordinators play in navigating all phases of the accreditation process. Figure 1 represents a recommended approach to the PHCC accreditation process.Figure 1:Organizing the PHCC accreditation process.Figure 1:. Organizing the PHCC accreditation process.
Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins as a Source of Proinflammatory Lipids in the Arterial Wall
Authors: Öörni Katariina , Lehti Satu , Sjövall Peter , Kovanen Petri T.
Published: May 2018

Apolipoprotein B –containing lipoproteins include triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons and their remnants, and very low-density lipoproteins and their remnants) and cholesterol-rich low-density lipoprotein particles. Of these, lipoproteins having sizes below 70-80 nm may enter the arterial wall, where they accumulate and induce the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. The processes that lead to accumulation of lipoprotein-derived lipids in the arterial wall have been largely studied with a focus on the low-density lipoprotein particles. However, recent observational and genetic studies have discovered that the triglyceriderich lipoproteins and their remnants are linked with cardiovascular disease risk. In this review, we describe the potential mechanisms by which the triglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins can contribute to the development of atherosclerotic lesions, and highlight the differences in the atherogenicity between low-density lipoproteins and the remnant lipoproteins.
The Role of Diet Related Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Colorectal Cancer Metabolism and Survival: Prevention and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Gomes Sara Daniela , Oliveira Cláudia Suellen , Azevedo-Silva João , Casanova Marta R. , Barreto Judite , Pereira Helena , Chaves Susana R. , Rodrigues Lígia R. , Casal Margarida , Côrte-Real Manuela , Baltazar Fátima , Preto Ana
Published: May 2018

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Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. CRC
increased risk has been associated with alterations in the intestinal microbiota, with decreased
production of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). SCFAs produced in the human colon are the
major products of bacterial fermentation of undigested dietary fiber and starch. While colonocytes
use the three major SCFAs, namely acetate, propionate and butyrate, as energy sources,
transformed CRC cells primarily undergo aerobic glycolysis. Compared to normal colonocytes,
CRC cells exhibit increased sensitivity to SCFAs, thus indicating they play an important
role in cell homeostasis. Manipulation of SCFA levels in the intestine, through changes in
microbiota, has therefore emerged as a potential preventive/therapeutic strategy for CRC. Interest
in understanding SCFAs mechanism of action in CRC cells has increased in the last
years. Several SCFA transporters like SMCT-1, MCT-1 and aquaporins have been identified
as the main transmembrane transporters in intestinal cells. Recently, it was shown that acetate
promotes plasma membrane re-localization of MCT-1 and triggers changes in the glucose metabolism.
SCFAs induce apoptotic cell death in CRC cells, and further mechanisms have been
discovered, including the involvement of lysosomal membrane permeabilization, associated
with mitochondria dysfunction and degradation.

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In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the transport of SCFAs by CRC cells
and their effects on CRC metabolism and survival. The impact of increasing SCFA production
by manipulation of colon microbiota on the prevention/therapy of CRC will also be addressed.