bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EU28 Capital Market Perspectives of a Hard BREXIT: Theory, Empirical Findings and Policy Options
Authors: Welfens Paul J.J. , Baier Fabian , Kadiric Samir , Korus Arthur , Xiong Tian
Published: September 2019

Key aspects covered refer to the cost of leaving the EU and in particular the implications for corporate bond risk premiums in the UK and the Eurozone: The gap between the interest rates of corporate bonds and government bonds could increase in the UK and Eurozone, respectively, as a result of BREXIT where the 2016 BREXIT referendum itself is considered to be a first BREXIT event (see the empirical findings), followed by the main BREXIT event, namely the day of officially leaving the EU – possibly as a No-deal BREXIT. It is as yet not clear what type of BREXIT will be implemented – hard versus soft – and it is also unclear what type of free trade agreement the EU and the UK could accomplish post-BREXIT. However, it is obviously necessary to carefully consider the background of the BREXIT dynamics and to then refer to various versions of BREXIT if one is to understand the inherent politico-economic dynamics of BREXIT – with a No-deal case representing an analytical benchmark which most politicians in the British Parliament obviously would want to avoid; a simple way to indeed avoid this case, with obvious high costs for the British economy, is not easy to discern as the UK’s political system is fractured. If the safe-haven status of the UK should be impaired by BREXIT, the rise of government bond interest rates by 0.3 percent would stand for the same burden as the net UK contribution to the EU.
Speaking Out: International Doctoral Students’ Information Needs, Seeking Behaviors, Feelings, and Experience during the Process of Applying for Graduate Study in the US
Authors: Huang Li-Min , Bilal Dania
Published: September 2019

International student enrollment in US colleges and universities benefits the US economy in many ways and increases diversity on campus While much research on international students exist, we know very little about the experiences of international doctoral students. In this study, we explored the information needs, seeking behaviors, feelings, and overall experiences of 33 international doctoral students during the process of applying for doctoral study in the US. We used in-depth interviews and a questionnaire to collect the data. Findings show that the students used Experiential Resources (EXR) and Authorized Resources (AUR) to meet their information needs. Students faced issues and challenges in using university and academic programs websites and had negative feelings about the application process. Students made several suggestions for enhancing their experiences, including making websites more usable. The findings have implications for improving the usability of websites and for providing better services to support the students’ information needs and information seeking behaviors.
Political Machines: Ethical Governance in the Age of AI
Authors: McEvoy Fiona J.
Published: September 2019

Policymakers are responsible for key decisions about political governance. Usually, they are selected or elected based on experience and then supported in their decision-making by the additional counsel of subject experts. Those satisfied with this system believe these individuals – generally speaking – will have the right intuitions about the best types of action. This is important because political decisions have ethical implications; they affect how we all live in society. Nevertheless, there is a wealth of research that cautions against trusting human judgment as it can be severely flawed. This paper will look at the root causes of the most common errors of human judgment before arguing – contra the instincts of many – that future AI systems could take a range of political decisions more reliably. I will argue that, if/when engineers establish ethically robust systems, governments will have a moral obligation to refer to them as a part of decision-making.
Crystal structure of 4-(1-phenylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)benzoic acid (C20H14N2O2)
Authors: Adesola Adeleke A. , Zamisa Sizwe J. , Omondi Bernard
Published: September 2019

C20H14N2O2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 17.8410(5) Å, b = 15.3081(4) Å, c = 11.3881(3) Å, β = 104.280(1)°, V = 3014.12(14) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0364, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0997, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of aqua-chlorido-(4-fluorobenzyl-κC)-(N′-(4-methoxy-2-oxidobenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthohydrazidato-κ3
N,O,O′)tin(IV), C26H22ClFN2O5Sn
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: September 2019

C26H22ClFN2O5Sn, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.1473(6) Å, b = 12.8246(11) Å, c = 13.2899(11) Å, α = 97.541(5)°, β = 94.503(6)°, γ = 96.247(5)°, V = 1195.13(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0325, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0756, T = 296(2) K.
Messung gesundheitsbezogener Lebensqualität im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Voss Catharina , Reiss Franziska , Wüstner Anne , Otto Christiane
Published: September 2019

Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität ist ein multidimensionales Konstrukt, welches körperliche, mentale und soziale Komponenten des Wohlbefindens aus subjektiver Sicht des Befragten umfasst. Zur Erhebung der Lebensqualität im Kindes- und Jugendalter stehen verschiedene altersangemessene Instrumente zur Verfügung. Durch den Einsatz von innovativen Verfahren, wie computer-adaptiven Tests, kann Lebensqualität in der Zukunft effizienter und routinemäßiger in der Versorgung erhoben werden.
Fallzahlen: Ungenutzte Potentiale für Qualitätstransparenz
Authors: Köster-Steinebach Ilona
Published: September 2019

Im Vergleich zu den Daten des NHS fällt bei den Qualitätsberichten in Deutschland auf, dass diese schwer verständlich sind und kaum Angaben zur Versorgungsqualität und Patientensicherheit im gesamten Krankenhaus machen. Fallzahlen können zur Identifikation von Einrichtungen genutzt werden, in denen strukturell höhere Risiken bestehen, vor allem, wenn andere Qualitätsmessungen fehlen. Fallzahlen oberhalb multifaktoriell bestimmter Grenzwerte sind jedoch keine Garantie für Patientensicherheit, sondern nur eine Voraussetzung.
Qualitätsentwicklung in der onkologischen Versorgung durch multiprofessionelle Teamarbeit am Beispiel von Tumorboards: ein Überblick
Authors: Offermanns Guido , Koldžić Edin , Schweiger Andrea
Published: September 2019

Im Kontext der Forschung findet die Fragestellung der Qualitätsentwicklung der Arbeit innerhalb von Tumorboards, welche eine zentrale Rolle in der Behandlung von Krebserkrankungen einnimmt, bisher im deutschsprachigen Raum wenig Beachtung. Der Outcome für Menschen mit Krebs befindet sich in Deutschland und Österreich im europäischen Vergleich lediglich im Mittelfeld, daher existieren zahlreiche Verbesserungspotenziale. Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand zum Thema und zeigt Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Arbeit innerhalb der multiprofessionell arbeitenden Tumorboards auf.
Einführung von patientenberichteten Endpunkten: erhöhen sie die Qualität von Behandlungen?
Authors: Brandl Magdalena , Bernardi Christine , Apfelbacher Christian
Published: September 2019

Die Erfassung von patientenberichteten Endpunkten (PROs) ist im Bereich von klinischen Studien sowie in der Versorgungsforschung weit verbreitet. Auch das Interesse am Erfassen von PROs wie Lebensqualität oder Patientenzufriedenheit in der Routineversorgung nimmt zu. Es gibt z.B. starke Evidenz dafür, dass durch die routinemäßige Erfassung von PROs die Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation verbessert werden kann. Aktuell limitieren einige Barrieren den Einsatz von PROs in der Qualitätsbeurteilung.
Potential und Einschränkungen der Messung magnetischer Mikrostrukturen mit einem Faraday-Magnetometer
Authors: Piepgras Ruben , Michlmayr Sebastian , Egger Johannes , Zagar Bernhard G.
Published: September 2019

Magnetische Mikrostrukturen können verwendet werden, um Information zu codieren. Diese Information kann beispielsweise mittels eines Faraday-Magnetometers (engl. Faraday Rotation Magnetometer, FRM) zerstörungsfrei analysiert werden. Ein FRM ist ein magneto-optischer Aufbau auf Basis des Faraday-Effekts, der magnetische Feldstärken mit der Drehung polarisierten Lichts verknüpft. In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst ein geschwindigkeitsoptimiertes FRM vorgestellt, das die Magnetisierungen von Strukturen von etwa 60 µm Größe qualitativ darstellen kann, jedoch für quantitative Messungen nicht gut geeignet ist. Um das Potential und die Limitierungen eines FRMs als quantitatives Messprinzip zu untersuchen, wird anschließend ein generalisierter Aufbau konzipiert und charakterisiert. Hierfür wird die Amplitudenauflösung und damit die Eignung als quantitatives Messsystem in Abhängigkeit der räumlichen und zeitlichen Auflösung bestimmt. Es werden exemplarisch Methoden der Signalverarbeitung zur Verbesserung der Amplitudenauflösung vorgestellt und ausgewertet. Des Weiteren wird gezeigt, wie sich daraus negative Auswirkungen auf die räumliche beziehungsweise zeitliche Auflösung ergeben können. Aus diesen Zusammenhängen lässt sich zunächst für eine gegebene Problemstellung bezüglich geforderter räumlicher, zeitlicher und quantitativer Auflösung abschätzen, ob ein FRM ein geeignetes Messsystem darstellt. In der Folge helfen diese Überlegungen außerdem beim Aufbau sowie der Wahl der Komponenten des Magnetometers.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Animasi Powtoon pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika di Kelas IV SD
Authors: Awalia Izomi , Pamungkas Aan Subhan , Alamsyah Trian Pamungkas
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran animasi PowToon pada mata pelajaran matematika di kelas IV, khususnya materi keliling dan luas bangun datar. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian dan pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&D) dengan menggunakan model 4-D (define, design, development, and disseminate). Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Karangtumaritis yang berjumlah 22 siswa. Data dikumpulkan dengan tes, observasi, angket, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian didapatkan, 1) skor rata-rata dari validasi ahli dengan persentase sebesar 88% yang termasuk dalam kategori “sangat layak”; 2) skor rata-rata kepraktisan dengan persentase sebesar 93,33% yang termasuk dalam kategori “sangat praktis”; 3) skor rata-rata dari respon siswa dengan persentase sebesar 94,73% yang termasuk dalam kategori “sangat baik”; 4) skor rata-rata dari post test sebesar 76,14 yang termasuk dalam kategori baik sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran animasi PowToon dapat memberikan pemahaman kepada siswa kelas IV mengenai mata pelajaran matematika pada materi keliling dan luas bangun datar.This research aims to develop PowToon animation learning media on mathematical subjects in grade IV, especially on the material circumference and area of plane. This research was the kind of Research and Development (R&D) using the 4-D model (define, design, development, and disseminate). The subject of this research was the grade IV SDN Karangtumaritis with totalling 22 students. Data collected with the tests, observation, question form, and documentation. Data analysis was done with a descriptive analysis. The research results obtained, 1) the average score of validation experts with percentage of 88% that are included in the category of "highly feasible"; 2) the average score of practicality with a percentage of 93,33% is included in the category of "very practical"; 3) score the average of the percentage of students with response 94,73% are included in the categories "excellent"; 4) the average score of the post test of 76,14 are included in the categories “good” so it can be concluded that the PowToon animation learning media can give insight to grade IV on subjects of mathematics on the material circumference and area of plane.
Calcitonin induces stem cell-like phenotype in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Aldahish Afaf , Kale Ajay , Aljameeli Ahmed , Shah Girish V
Published: September 2019

Stem cell-like-cancer cells are key drivers of tumor growth, metastasis, and relapse of cancer following remission. Prostate stem cell-like cancer cells isolated from human prostate cancer (PC) biopsies express CD44+/α2β1
hi/CD133+ cell surface markers and can self-renew in vitro. Expression of calcitonin (CT) and its receptor (CTR) is frequently elevated in PCs and activation of CT-CTR axis in non-invasive PC cells induces an invasive phenotype. We investigated whether CT-CTR autocrine axis induces stem cell-like phenotype in two PC cell lines. CT-CTR axis in these cell lines was activated by enforced expression of CTR. The cells were then examined for the changes in the expression of CD44 and CD133, collagen adherence, tumorigenic, metastatic and repopulating characteristics. The activation of CT-CTR axis led to a large increase in adherence to collagen and a remarkable increase of CD44 and CD133 in PC-3 and LNCaP cells. This was accompanied by a strong increase in tumorigenic, metastatic and repopulation properties of PC cells. However, the mutation of CTR-C PDZ-binding site in CTR almost abolished CTR-mediated increases in stem cell-like characteristics of PC cells. These results support an important role for CT-CTR axis in the progression of PC from localized cancer to an aggressive form, and a majority of proinvasive CTR actions may be mediated through its interaction with its partner protein at the PDZ-binding site. These results suggest that CT/CTR can serve as a valuable target to prevent the generation of stem-like PC cells.
Accuracy of Autism Screening in a Large Pediatric Network
Authors: Guthrie Whitney , Wallis Kate , Bennett Amanda , Brooks Elizabeth , Dudley Jesse , Gerdes Marsha , Pandey Juhi , Levy Susan E. , Schultz Robert T. , Miller Judith S.
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:

Universal screening is recommended to reduce the age of diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there are insufficient data on children who screen negative and no study of outcomes from truly universal screening. With this study, we filled these gaps by examining the accuracy of universal screening with systematic follow-up through 4 to 8 years.

METHODS:

Universal, primary care-based screening was conducted using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers with Follow-Up (M-CHAT/F) and supported by electronic administration and integration into electronic health records. All children with a well-child visit (1) between 16 and 26 months, (2) at a Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia site after universal electronic screening was initiated, and (3) between January 2011 and July 2015 were included (N = 25 999).

RESULTS:

Nearly universal screening was achieved (91%), and ASD prevalence was 2.2%. Overall, the M-CHAT/F’s sensitivity was 38.8%, and its positive predictive value (PPV) was 14.6%. Sensitivity was higher in older toddlers and with repeated screenings, whereas PPV was lower in girls. Finally, the M-CHAT/F's specificity and PPV were lower in children of color and those from lower-income households.

CONCLUSIONS:

Universal screening in primary care is possible when supported by electronic administration. In this “real-world” cohort that was systematically followed, the M-CHAT/F was less accurate in detecting ASD than in previous studies. Disparities in screening rates and accuracy were evident in traditionally underrepresented groups. Future research should focus on the development of new methods that detect a greater proportion of children with ASD and reduce disparities in the screening process.
EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS IN THE AREA OF SOCIAL POLICY: TASKS AND SYSTEM AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Fomina H. Yu.
Published: September 2019

The article investigates the current tasks and system of European Union’s institutions in the area of social policy. It is noted that the importance of enhancing social integration at the present stage of European Union development has been steadily increasing, since it is necessary to ensure a high level of employment and social protection, as well as a good education and quality of health, thus overcoming poverty and inequality. It has been established that the emergence of new threats to society, in particular such as international terrorism, uncontrolled and illegal migration, etc. are social in their nature. The aforementioned requires substantial changes in the European Union social policy in order not to collapse under the scope of undertaken obligations.
The author identifies the crucial task of European Union and its Member-States, among which are: preservation of the achievements of past years, ensuring social rights and, at the same time, dynamic economic development in the present. Specifically, these tasks determine the European Union’s social agenda, and they can be resolved only with the appropriate coordination of the efforts
between European Union institutions and its Member-States.
To implement the tasks of the European Union social policy, an extensive system of institutions has been established. Basically, such institutions are divided into two major groups – those that are based on treaties and those that are established by secondary law. The first includes such institutions as the European Council, the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Justice, the Economic and Social Committee. The second group includes supporting institutions, since they were founded for activities on specific social issues. These are agencies, committees and foundations that are accountable to the European Commission or the Council of the European Union. The distribution of powers in the social sphere between European
Union institutions allows the author to conclude that at the present moment Union has sufficiently developed social infrastructure. The absence of a single body concerned with social issues at the pan- European level obliges all European Union institutions to deal with social issues, as well as participate in shaping a unified social space.
DETERMINING INDIVIDUAL CATEGORIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES FOR PUBLIC REGISTRATION OF CIVIL STATES WITH ACCOUNTING OF LEGISLATIVE TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: Pohrebniak O. H.
Published: September 2019

The article defines certain peculiarities of administrative proceedings of state registration of marriage and establishment of paternity in Ukraine. It has been established that the procedures for state registration of acts of civil status are types of administrative procedures, it should first be noted that the general normative act which should define the notions and peculiarities of such procedures should
be the Law of Ukraine “On the administrative procedure” 2018, which at present time is a project and submitted to the VerkhovnaRada of Ukraine for consideration.
As a rule, scholars agree that the administrative procedure is directly related to the activities of the public administration and is an established algorithm for the functioning of the subjects of power. In this case, the procedures for state registration of acts of civil status are no exception. They are a kind of administrative procedures and implemented by state authorities, and in certain cases, and by local self-government bodies. At the same time having its own peculiarities regarding the procedure for implementation and the subject structure of such procedures.
It has been established that the modern development of domestic administrative legislation and the practice of its application testifies that at present the administrative procedure as an independent component of administrative law has not yet been fully formed, although, given the active theoretical developments of the representatives of the administrative and legal science on the pages of scientific, journalistic and educational publications concerning the concept, features, types and structure of administrative procedures, and referring to the active legislative development of this tyranny, it is safe to say that the process of the administrative procedure in the structure of administrative law is actively continuing.
Therefore, on the basis of theoretical developments and practical features, the author’s understanding of the concept of “administrative procedure of state registration of acts of civil status” is determined. In addition, given the specific features of administrative proceedings for state registration of civil status acts, as well as for a more complete clarification of the status and authority of all participants in certain administrative procedures, the necessary additional introduction of the concept of “implementation of the administrative procedure” is argued.
Such category will allow to find out the place, role and authority not only of the administrative body, but also other participants in administrative proceedings. Thus, under the implementation of an administrative procedure, it should be understood as the observance, execution, use and application of procedural steps directed at the consideration and resolution of an administrative case.
The gut–kidney–heart axis in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Sumida K , Kovesdy CP
Published: September 2019

The recent explosion of scientific interest in the gut microbiota has dramatically advanced our understanding of the complex pathophysiological interactions between the gut and multiple organs in health and disease. Emerging evidence has revealed that the gut microbiota is significantly altered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), along with impaired intestinal barrier function. These alterations allow translocation of various gut-derived products into the systemic circulation, contributing to the development and progression of CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD), partly mediated by chronic inflammation. Among potentially toxic gut-derived products identifiable in the systemic circulation, bacterial endotoxin and gut metabolites (e.g., p-cresyl sulfate and trimethylamine-N-oxide) have been extensively studied for their immunostimulatory and atherogenic properties. Recent studies have also suggested similar biological properties of bacterial DNA fragments circulating in the blood of patients with CKD, even in the absence of overt infections. Despite the accumulating evidence of the gut microbiota in CKD and its therapeutic potential for CVD, the precise mechanisms for multidirectional interactions between the gut, kidney, and heart remain poorly understood. This review aims to provide recent evidence on the associations between the gut microbiota, CKD, and CVD, and summarize current understanding of the potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the “gut–kidney–heart” axis in CKD.
Ultrastructure of intestinal mucosa in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Zhao D-Y , Qi Q-Q , Long X , Li X , Chen F-X , Yu Y-B , Zuo X-L
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Impaired intestinal barrier function has been demonstrated in the pathophysiology of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). This study aimed to describe the intestinal ultrastructural findings in the intestinal mucosal layer of IBS-D patients.

Methods

In total, 10 healthy controls and 10 IBS-D patients were analyzed in this study. The mucosa of each patient’s rectosigmoid colon was first assessed by confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE); next, biopsied specimens of these sites were obtained. Intestinal tissues of IBS-D patients and healthy volunteers were examined to observe cellular changes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Results

CLE showed no visible epithelial damage or inflammatory changes in the colonic mucosa of IBS-D compared with healthy volunteers. On transmission electron microscopic examination, patients with IBS-D displayed a larger apical intercellular distance with a higher proportion of dilated (>20 nm) intercellular junctional complexes, which was indicative of impaired mucosal integrity. In addition, microvillus exfoliation, extracellular vesicle as well as increased presence of multivesicular bodies were visible in IBS-D patients. Single epithelial cells appeared necrotic, as characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization, cytoplasmic swelling, and presence of autolysosome. A significant association between bowel habit, frequency of abdominal pain, and enlarged intercellular distance was found.

Conclusion

This study showed ultrastructural alterations in the architecture of intestinal epithelial cells and intercellular junctional complexes in IBS-D patients, potentially representing a pathophysiological mechanism in IBS-D.
New records of Orchidaceae Juss. for the state from Hidalgo, Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Orta Carlos Alberto , Aguilar-Dorantes Karla María , Morales-Linares Jonas , Bertolini Vicenzo
Published: September 2019

Two new orchid records are reported for Hidalgo, Notylia barkeri Lindl. and Trichocentrum cosymbephorum (C. Morren) R. Jiménez & Carnevali. The genus Notylia is reported for the first time, and the list of orchid flora is updated to include 110 taxa. Unexpectedly, the species were recorded in abandoned orange plantations rather than natural vegetation, likely because of the high anthropogenic pressure exerted on their natural populations. These new records highlight the importance of continuing to survey regions such as Hidalgo with scarce orchid records, including both natural and modified vegetation.
Geographic distribution extension of Landonia latidens Eigenmann & Henn, 1914 (Characidae, Stevardiinae) in coastal drainages of Peru
Authors: Meza-Vargas Vanessa , Faustino-Fuster Dario , Marchena José , Ortega Hernán
Published: September 2019

The monotypic genus Landonia Eigenmann & Henn, 1914 was only known from its type locality in western Ecuadorian drainages. Recent collections revealed the presence of Landonia latidens Eigenmann & Henn, 1914 in Chira and Piura river basins in Peru. Thus, the distribution of this species is extended, constituting the southernmost record of the species.
Soap
Authors: Biruk Cal (Crystal)
Published: September 2019

Anthropology has long grappled with the politics of critique. In critical global health studies, an emerging subfield of medical anthropology with roots in histories and geographies of colonial and international health, ethnographers negotiate relations and transactions in the field that pivot around boundaries at the core of our disciplinary practice: inside/outside, critique/complicity, theoretical/applied. Yet, while critique is a primary endeavor of the anthropologist, few have explicitly analyzed or reflected on its meanings, valences, affects, and entailments, particularly amid the rise of global health and the NGOization of the global South that inflects much of our work. In this essay, I reflect on the state of critique in critical global health studies, sketching its gestures, rhetoric, and intentions. Then, I trace some of the journeys of the bar of soap pictured below, an object that touched me in many senses of the term by intersecting, facilitating, and holding my anthropological interest for over a decade. Finally, drawing on recent feminist science studies scholarship, I suggest that critique, as entangled and entangling practice, is a form of care that might productively reframe anthropologists’ normative aspirations to ‘usefulness’ or ‘relevance’.
Living a full life
Authors: Gibson Hannah
Published: September 2019

What might anthropology and fieldwork look like if the anthropologist’s body, considered to be one of their ‘tools’, is not able-bodied? This piece of writing explores the intersection of disability and anthropological fieldwork, within the specific experience of doing anthropology at home. By interrogating the tension between academic advancement and disability, I challenge the expectation that traditional anthropologists must be able-bodied. In turn, this highlights the potential of being a vulnerable researcher.
Ходатайство председателя суда как фактор успеха отбора в судьи квалификационными коллегиями
Authors: Dzmitryieva Aryna
Published: September 2019

Арина Викторовна Дмитриева – магистр социологии, LLM, научный сотрудник, Институт проблем правоприменения при Европейском университете в Санкт-Петербурге, Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Электронная почта: admitrieva@eu.spb.ru

В статье исследуется организация процесса отбора и назначений судей в России. Обсуждаются его основные институциальные механизмы, установившиеся после реформ 1990-х гг. Во-первых, анализируется организация работы квалификационных коллегий судей, а также роль председателей судов в формировании судейского корпуса. Во-вторых, изучаются особенности профессиональной модели отбора судей, основанной на меритократических принципах выбора наиболее квалифицированных юристов, и бюрократической модели, в которой карьера судьи выстраивается непосредственно после окончания вуза. Эмпирический анализ базируется на исследовании 957 биографий кандидатов в судьи, опубликованных на портале квалификационной коллегии в 2014–2015 гг. Анализ биографий показывает, что кандидаты в судьи преимущественно женщины, 70 % кандидатов получали юридический опыт в аппарате суда. Для моделирования результатов назначения на должность в статье используется логистический регрессионный анализ. Результаты анализа выявили несколько закономерностей. Первое – в отборе на должность судьи определенную роль играют меритократические факторы, в частности, небольшое преимущество получают кандидаты с хорошим юридическим образованием. Второе – анализ показывает, что безусловный приоритет в отборе отдается кандидатам, получившим опыт работы в государственном секторе (в аппарате судов, прокуратуре и органах госуправления). Напротив, те, кто работали юристами в бизнес-организациях или адвокатуре, реже получают рекомендации квалификационных коллегий. Наконец, ключевую роль в отборе судей играют председатели судов. Ходатайство председателя суда повышает шансы кандидата получить рекомендацию на должность в 1,5 раза. Это оказываетсущественное влияние на структуру судейского корпуса, формирует профессиональную бюрократическую культуру и снижает независимость судебной власти.
Neuropathy Phentoyping Protocols - Nerve Conduction Velocity v2
Authors: Feldman Eva
Published: September 2019

Summary: Phenotyping of Rodents for the Presence of Diabetic Neuropathy In man, the development of diabetic neuropathy is dependent on both the degree of glycemic control and the duration of diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy is a progressive disorder, with signs and symptoms that parallel the loss of nerve fibers over time. Consequently, assessments of neuropathy in mice are not performed at one time point, but are characterized at multiple time points during a 6 month period of diabetes. The degree of diabetes is evaluated in 2 ways: tail blood glucose measured following a 6 hour fast and glycated hemoglobin levels. The initial degree of neuropathy is screened using the methods discussed below. Detailed measures of neuropathy are employed when the initial screening instruments indicate a profound or unique phenotypic difference. This document contains protocols used by the DiaComp staff to examine and measure diabetic neuropathy at the whole animal, tissue and cellular levels. Diabetic Complication:
Biochemical Measures of Neuropathy - Hydrogen Peroxide Assay v2
Authors: Feldman Eva
Published: September 2019

Summary: Oxidative stress is highly correlated with the metabolic changes caused by hyperglycemia. Increased levels of glucose overload mitochondria and result in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the flow of excess glucose through cellular pathways decreases the cell’s normal ability to detoxify ROS. As a result, the neurons and axons of the peripheral nervous system contain increased levels of ROS and decreased antioxidant capacity. The following assays are used to measure these changes in rodent models of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic Complication:
One-pot native barcoding of amplicons v1
Authors: Quick Josh
Published: September 2019

This is a ‘one-pot ligation’ protocol for Oxford Nanopore native barcoded ligation libraries using shearing.
Parliamentarizing a Politicized Policy: Understanding the Involvement of the European Parliament in UN Climate Negotiations
Authors: Delreux Tom , Burns Charlotte
Published: September 2019

Climate change is a central topic of concern for EU international diplomacy and is the site of increased politicization globally. Concomitantly, a parallel process of parliamentarization of the EU has unfolded. Whilst the European Parliament (EP) has enjoyed significant powers in internal policy-making on climate change, since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009 the EP has gained the right to veto the EU’s ratification of international (climate change) agreements. This development raises questions about our understanding of the EP as an actor in international climate diplomacy that this article addresses through the following research question: What impact have the increased powers of the EP had on its involvement in UN climate diplomacy? We analyze the EP’s evolving role in international climate diplomacy through an evaluation of its policy preferences prior to international climate conferences (COPs) and its activities during those meetings. We find evidence that the EP’s preferences have become more moderate over time, and that it is also more active at COPs and increasingly engaged with a range of more important actors. However, we find little evidence that the EP’s involvement in international negotiations is significantly different when it holds a veto power, which we attribute to a willingness to depoliticize internal EU climate negotiations to secure policy gains at the international level.
Conceptualizing the Parliamentarization and Politicization of European Policies
Authors: Gheyle Niels
Published: September 2019

In the past 20 years, two related literature strands have gradually moved centre stage of the attention of EU Studies scholars. The first is preoccupied with the ‘politicization of European integration’, a multi-faceted concept that aims to tie together a multitude of political and societal manifestations underlying an increasing controversiality of the EU. A second concerns the parliamentarization of the EU, referring to the changing (institutional) role and EU-related activities national parliaments engage in. The key point of this contribution is simple, but often overlooked: We can and should be seeing parliamentarization as a necessary, yet insufficient, component of a wider process of politicization. Doing so goes beyond the often ad hoc or pars pro toto theoretical assumptions in both literature strands, sheds new light on the normative consequences attached to these phenomena, and furthers a more complete understanding of how a ‘comprehensive’ politicization of European policies develops.
In the Shadow of Public Opinion: The European Parliament, Civil Society Organizations, and the Politicization of Trilogues
Authors: Greenwood Justin , Roederer-Rynning Christilla
Published: September 2019

This article examines the relations between the European Parliament (EP) and civil society organizations (CSOs) in the EU’s legislative process. It focuses specifically on legislative trilogues, an informal institution bringing together the representatives of the EP, Council, and Commission in a secluded setting to conclude legislative agreements. Trilogues have become the modus operandi and an absolutely pivotal part of the EU law-making process: they are where the deals are made. While secluded decision-making offers plenty of opportunities for EU institutions to depoliticize law-making, we argue that trilogues have become politicized, partly from the relationship between the EP and CSOs. We flesh out this argument on the basis of insights from the politicization and the historical institutionalist literatures, advance two ideal types of trilogue politics, and explore these types on the basis of a preliminary examination of a comprehensive interview material.
The Politicisation of the European Central Bank and the Bundestag
Authors: Högenauer Anna-Lena
Published: September 2019

The European Central Bank (ECB) became one of the key actors during the Eurozone crisis. However, its prominent role was not without controversy. On one hand, the Eurozone was stabilised, no member state defaulted, and no state had to leave the Euro. On the other hand, the ECB had to stretch its mandate, expand its policy remit, and adopt so-called ‘unconventional’ monetary policies. These attempts to depoliticise political challenges through a technocratic approach reduced the opportunities for democratic contestation, but they also bred frustration that led to politicisation. This article studies to what extent this politicisation affected the perception of the ECB in national parliaments. For this purpose, it studies the extent to which ECB policy has become politicised in the German Bundestag through an analysis of plenary debates from 2005 to 2018. The Bundestag represents an unlikely case for politicisation despite wide-spread criticism of the ECB in the media, as Germany was traditionally attached to creating a highly independent ECB, until recently had no major Eurosceptic right-wing parties, and parliamentary scrutiny of the national central bank is low. However, by studying the salience of ECB policies, the polarisation of opinion in the parliament, as well as the range of actors participating in the debates, this article finds that the ECB’s policies have become politicised and the subject of scrutiny and dissatisfaction.
Effect of Remineralizing Agents on Bond Strength of Resin-Composites to Primary Enamel
Authors: Abdelmegid Faika Y , Salama Fouad S , Abouobaid Eman I , Halawany Hassan S , Alhadlaq Mohamad K
Published: September 2019

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to assess the effect of three remineralizing agents (Voco Remin Pro®, Uncle Harry's remineralization kit, Sunshine remineralization gel) on the shear bond strengths of two resin-composites (Tetric® N-Ceram and Filtek™ Z250 Universal Restorative) to enamel of primary molars. Study design: Ninety-six enamel specimens were prepared and randomly distributed to eight groups according to the control, remineralizing agents, and resin composite used. Shear bond strength was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min and the type of bond failure was recorded. Results: The highest shear bond strength (Mean+SD) in MPa was for Tetric® N-Ceram/control [21.06+1.68] while the lowest was for Filtek™ Z250/Sunshine remineralization gel [11.98+1.46]. Tukey HSD Post Hoc Tests showed significant difference between Tetric® N-Ceram/control and all other groups (p=0.0001) except Filtek™ Z250/control. In addition, there was significant difference between Filtek™ Z250/control and all other groups (p=0.0001) except Tetric® N-Ceram/control and Tetric® N-Ceram/Uncle Harry's remineralization kit. Mode of failure was cohesive (9.38%), adhesive (55.21%), and mixed (35.42%). Conclusions: The three tested remineralizing agents affect shear bond strength of the tested resin-composites to enamel of primary teeth. In general, shear bond strength values were acceptable. Mode of failure was mostly adhesive.
Role of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Phenytoin Influenced Gingival Overgrowth in Children and Young Adults. A Preliminary Clinical and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Sridharan Srirangarajan , Nunna Priyanka , Jaicob Tina Elizabeth , Augustine Dominic , Shetty Varun , Srirangarajan Divya
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To prove the role of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the pathogenesis of phenytoin influenced gingival overgrowth (PIGO) in children and young adults. Study design: Thirty male individuals who are to start with oral phenytoin therapy were recruited for the study. All the 30 individuals underwent full mouth scaling and root planning and were then followed up for a period of one year at intervals of 3 months each. Based on the clinical gingival status they were divided into group1 (responders) individuals who showed gingival overgrowth (GO) and group 2 (non responders) individuals who do not show any GO. Gingival tissue samples were obtained from both the groups at the end of 1 year and subjected to immuno histochemical analysis for E-cadherin expression and histo-pathological for alteration in the basement membrane and confirmation of the fibrosis. Results: Decrease in expression of E cadherin, loss of basement membrane integrity and fibrosis were noted on responder group when compared to non responder group at p<0.001. Fibrosis was seen in the epithelial connective tissue junction. Conclusion: Decrease in cell adhesion, degradation of basement membrane and presence of fibrosis could suggest the role of EMT in the pathogenesis of PIGO.
THE EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM EXPOSURE ON IMMUNE STATUS IN CHILDREN WITH FUNCTIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DISORDERS
Authors: Dolgikh О. V. , Alikina I. N. , Shabaldin A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim To estimate the prevalence of functional cardiovascular system disorders and immunological parameters in children living in the Irkutsk Region, a technogenic region of Southern Siberia.

Methods A set of clinical, laboratory and instrumental, statistical and analytical methods were used in the study. Immunological parameters and the presence of functional cardiovascular system disorders were assessed in 63 children aged 5–11 years living in the technogenic region with aluminum exposure. The study group included children (n = 31) with functional changes in the cardiovascular system. Children (n = 32) without any functional changes in the cardiovascular system were enrolled in the control group. The functional status of the cardiovascular system was evaluated with the electrocardiography and physical examination. The immune parameters were measured with the flow cytometry and enzyme allegrosorbent testing. The analytical study of the chemical changes in the biomedia induced by aluminum exposure followed the national guidelines.

Results Children permanently residing in the technogenic region with aluminum exposure suffer from mild anomalies of the heart development. These anomalies are associated reliably with the diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs involving the immune mechanism. The analytical study of the chemical changes in the biomedia showed that the study group has significantly elevated aluminum levels in blood and urine. Immune alterations have been found in the study, including a significant increase in the TNFR receptor, Bcl-2 protein, Treg cell differentiation clusters (CD4+CD25+CD127-) and CD3+CD25+. A significantly increased level of specific sensitization by the IgG criterion was established.

Conclusion The study reported that functional cardiovascular system disorders among children living in the technogenic region with aluminum exposure are associated with alteration in the immune system. These alterations suggest the presence of the imbalance between apoptotic regulation and the initiation of adjuvant sensitivity to man-made haptens (aluminum).
Outcome and prognostic factors of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumours following complete surgical resection
Authors: El Dahshan Mohamed Ebrahim , Mless Mohamed Ali , Elmashad Nehal Mohamed , Moussa Hossam Ramadan , Darwish Ahmed Atia
Published: September 2019

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms. Surgical excision is the definitive treatment for primary localized GISTs. Targeted therapy represented by tyrosine kinase inhibitors has clearly improved the survival rates in patients with GISTs. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors influencing tumor recurrence and survival after curative resection of primary GISTs.Methods: This study was conducted on thirty seven patients with localized primary GIST who were operated on in the Department of General Surgery. Then completed adjuvant therapy in the medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine; Tanta University Hospital, from March 2016 to August 2017. All patients’ data, clinical presentations, radiological and endoscopic data, surgical procedures, complications, and survival data were collected, reviewed and analyzed.Results: The mean age of the studied cases was 53.62 years. 14 patients were males and 23 patients were females. Eleven patients had performance status 2. Abdominal pain was the most common complaint. 4 patients presented with acute intestinal obstruction. Ileum was the most common site (14 cases) followed by stomach (13 cases). We reported four cases of extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs). According to the mitotic index in studied cases; sixteen patients had mitotic count ˃5/50 HPF. Surgical excision was done in all cases with histopathologically negative resection margins. Thirty three cases showed good complete response without local recurrence or distant metastasis.Conclusions:Performance status of patients, tumor size and mitotic index were independent prognostic predictors for tumor recurrence or metastasis.
Comparison of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal mesh hernioplasty with Lichtenstein tension free mesh hernioplasty
Authors: Thakur Abhishek , Sharma Dhruv Kumar , Jaswal K. J. S.
Published: September 2019

Background: The purpose of the study was to observe the differences between the two methods of inguinal hernia repair in terms of operative time, postoperative pain, need for analgesia, hospital stay and postoperative complications.Methods: This prospective study conducted in the department of Surgery, IGMC Shimla, included 40 patients of inguinal hernia who were randomized to TEP and Lichtenstein tension free mesh hernioplasty groups randomly. After thorough clinical examination, whereas all patients with unilateral incomplete inguinal hernia fit for laparoscopic surgery were included in the present study, those with bilateral inguinal hernia, unwilling for laparoscopic surgery or who had complicated and recurrent inguinal hernia, poor cardiopulmonary reserve or were immunocompromised were excluded from the study.Results: Laparoscopic TEP is significantly lengthier procedure than open Lichtenstein repair especially in the learning phase as the mean operative time of TEP repair was 75.6 minutes and that of open Lichtenstein repair was 54 minutes. Not only postoperative pain recorded by using VAS was significantly less in the in the first 4 postoperative hours there was significantly less consumption of post-operative analgesic in TEP as compared to Lichtenstein group. No major complications in either group but only minor complications were observed in TEP group.Conclusions: TEP can be recommended to those desiring better cosmetic results and early return to work as TEP was found to be associated with less pain in the first 4 hours after surgery.