bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Perception Relation between Thermal Comfort and Air Movement for Ceiling Mounted Personalized Ventilation System
Authors: Yang Bin , Sekhar Chandra
Published: May 2014

As one kind of newly developed personalized ventilation (PV) system, the relation was explored between thermal comfort and air movement perception/acceptability/preference with tropical subjects, who had become passively acclimatized to hot conditions in the course of their day-to-day life. The tests were conducted in field environmental chamber (FEC) of National University of Singapore. 32 subjects (16 males and 16 females), performed normal office work, can choose to expose to four different PV airflow rates (4, 8, 12, 16 L/s) so as to simulating individual control. Ambient temperatures of 26°C and 23.5 °C and PV air temperatures of 26 °C, 23.5 °C and 21 °C were utilized to conduct parametric variation studies. Each combination was maintained for 15 minutes during which the subjects responded to computer-administered questionnaires. Under different PV airflow rates and ambient/PV temperature combinations, the relation between thermal comfort and air movement perception/acceptability/preference was analyzed.
The Analysis on the Green Building Modes of the Traditional Rural Residences in Qinba Mountain Area
Authors: Gao Yuan , Wang Mei Zi , Liu Jia Ping
Published: May 2014

In the paper, the characteristics on the construction and structure were analyzed through the field investigation of the traditional rural residences of the Qinba mountain area. On this basis, the passive strategies of the building design on the climate and environment of the Qinba mountain area were analyzed through the field measurements and the computer simulation program in quantitative terms. Finally, the modes on the green building design, which were matched with the local climate and natural conditions of the Qinba mountain area, were summarized. And the guidance and reference for the ecological construction of the rural residences of the Qinba mountain area were provided with the modes on the green building design.
Case Study of Economic Efficiency Evaluation about Green Residential Complex in Korea
Authors: Park Min Cho , Lee Sang Hyo , Shin Sung Woo
Published: May 2014

The national systematic, social requirements for green building development are becoming more stringent. But from the standpoint of the builder, who would contract and implement such a business, such regulations can become a burden working against efforts to promote building. Due to the increase in the initial investment cost associated with green building development, the reality is that voluntary compliance is not readily forthcoming. Thereby, the profitability of green building construction was examined from a cost perspective for a 40-year life cycle cost. As a model example of green apartments, the A Apartment complex was analyzed for its economy. A comparison was made against a standard building for green building design on its initial investment cost, and the energy savings during the occupancy phase, required to offset the cost of investment was calculated. As a result, the A-Apartment investment cost recovery period was approximately 10 years, with about an 8% range of operating profit. If the green building construction business were to be pursued with this long-term view, it is evident that construction of green buildings can be good for business.
Green Building Components Used in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Design Studio
Authors: Bashir Faizah Mohammed , Ahmad Mohammad Hamdan , Jibril Jibril Danazumi
Published: May 2014

Buildings are accounted for around half of worldwide energy consumptions, significantly contributing to global warming and the alteration of natural ecosystems, as proved by recent reports. The role of higher education as a means of comprehensively introducing new generations of architects to the principles and practices of sustainable environmental design is becoming highly significant, although this faces a number of pedagogical and professional barriers. The aim of this study was to identify green building components used in the pedagogcal approach in environmental design studio and to present the state of sustainable education technological practice in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). The method used was through observatory studies of environmental design studio for a whole semester to identify the pedagogies used in teaching the environmental design. Lecture inputs, experiment, site visit, field trip, crit, pin up crit and assessment were pedagogies used for the environmental studio were identified as the pedagogy used and the most observed components are active and passive while the activitiespost occupancy are seldom used.
The Optimization Ratio Study of Steady State Heat Transfer and Dynamic Heat Transfer in Hot-Humid and Cold-Humid Area
Authors: Liang Shuang , Yan Wang
Published: May 2014

By means of the establishment of thermal stability evaluation model and simulating in Huafeng factory residential building ,the relationship between the D value and building thermal stability and the optimal distribution ratio are obtained.The results show that:at the shape coefficient≤0.40, the most optimal matching relation is :heat transfer coefficient is 1.0, thermal inertia index is 2.0;at the shape coefficient >0.40, the most optimal matching relation is :heat transfer coefficient is 0.8, thermal inertia index is 2.0.
Evaluation of Green Building Technology by Introducing Micro Co-Generation System in Convenience Stores
Authors: Kritsanawonghong Suapphong , Gao Wei Jun , Iamtrakul Pawinee , Kuroki Soichiro
Published: May 2014

The number of small scale buildings such as minimarts and convenience stores in Thailand has increased rapidly in the past few years. The interest of effective energy utilization has not been focused on the implementation of the new technologies due to high investment and lack of skilled workers for the maintenance. Comparing to the energy improvement results from several techniques at the present, the implementation of micro co-generation systems driven by natural gas engines to meet the energy demand of Thailands convenience stores has been proposed in this study by using Primary Energy Saving Ratio (PES) as the assessment index to evaluate the energy performance. The results also showed that PES value can be increased up to 45% due to the utilization of higher efficiencies of micro co-generation system. However, the selection of the reasonable capacity of the system depends on the characteristic of the load profile and the objective of the utilization of micro co-generation system. Furthermore, the electrical and thermal efficiencies of the micro co-generation system are important factors that cannot be ignored in an effect to enhance the performance of micro co-generation systems.
Designing a Green Building in Warm and Humid Climate Inspired by Haj Raeis Mansion
Authors: Daeechian Yosra , Kambari Seyed Mohammad Jafar , Emami Jamshid
Published: May 2014

Haj Raeis mansion was built 136 years ago in coastal city of Bushehr in south of Iran (near the equator). This construction provides a favorable weather inside it, by using natural wind and solar energy. Structures and materials in this building, were used as a suitable insulation and made the air fresh and cool with a low degree of humidity throughout year. They reached this favorable purpose with creative improvement the natural energies potentials with no depleting substances added to ecosystem. This paper, which is perquisited from the study of documents, precise architectural scrutiny of the Haj Raeis mansion, library research and field research in Boushehr and reveals wonderful facts about existing Green buildings more than 100 years ago in Iran. The purpose of this research is unveiling of Haj Raeis architecture`s thoughts and using these thoughts in current building and adapting and amalgamating these with modern architecture to achieve more energy efficient buildings in coastal cities.
Adsorption Behavior and Corrosion Inhibition of S-Benzyl o-Phenylenedioxydithiophosphate for Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution
Authors: Zhang Xiu Lan , Lin Xiao , Xie Bin , Zou Li Ke , Zhu Sha Sha , Lu Yan , Feng Jian Shen , Li Yu Long
Published: May 2014

The corrosion inhibition of S-benzyl o-phenylenedioxydithiophosphate (BPOTP), for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution was studied by electrochemical measurements and weight loss measurements. Polarization curves indicate BPOTP is a mixed-type inhibitor, and the effects of temperature, hydrochloric acid concentration and immersion time were also studied. The studies of weight loss measurement show that the inhibition efficiency was up to 92.82 % at the BPOTP concentration of 40 mg·L-1 in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid solution at 30°C. The adsorption of BPOTP on carbon steel surface obeys the Langmuir isotherm.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Iron Titanate Compounds
Authors: Lei Xue Fei , Xue Xiang Xin , Yang He
Published: May 2014

Iron titanate photocatalysts were synthesized by the high-energy ball milling method with titanium ore as the starting material. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), thermal gravity and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), UV-visible diffuse reflectance absorption spectra (UV-Vis), photoluminescence emission spectra (PL) and photocatalytic degradation measurement were conducted to characterize the structure, surface status, UV-visible light response and performance of the obtained sample. After low temperature calcination (above 400 oC), the photocatalytic activity of iron titanate catalyst decreased gradually, which was mainly due to the decrease of surface hydroxyls and reactant adsorption capability.
The Research of Fatigue Properties of Steel Q235 Butt Welded Joint
Authors: Ouyang Wei Ping , Zhang Jin , Xu Xiu Dong
Published: May 2014

The research on the fatigue life of butt welded joint has important significance to hoisting equipment’s design, development and using safety. This paper conducted a study on fatigue properties of the most widely used joint at hoisting equipment-steel Q235 butt welded joint’s, based on the improved linear equivalent structural stress method, the stress of the weld joint can be obtained, and the master S-N curve of Q235 weld joint be acquired through fatigue test, thus the joints stress distribution under different stress environment can be gained through improved linear equivalent structural stress calculation and the fatigue life of the joint can be realized at the master S-N curve. The stress distribution situation and the fatigue life of butt welded joint can be calculated by integrated finite element software, this have profound reference significance to hoisting machinery industry.
Electrosyntheses of Poly(selenophene-co-3-methylthiophene) with Improved Thermoelectric Property in Boron Trifluoride Diethyl Etherate
Authors: Wang Sheng Tao , Lu Bao Yang , Xu Jing Kun , Zhou Wei Qiang
Published: May 2014

Novel poly (selenophene-co-3-methylthiophene) was successfully achieved by directly electrochemical oxidation of the monomer mixtures of selenophene and 3-methylthiophene (3MeT) in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. The effect of monomer concentration ratios on the copolymerization were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The structures of as-prepared copolymers were characterized by UV-vis and infrared spectroscopy. The conductivity and thermoelectric measurements revealed the incorporation of 3MeT into the polyselenophene (PSe) chain improved significantly the conductivity and thermoelectric property of PSe.
An Effective N, N-Diethylthiourea as Accelerator for Microvia Filling via Copper Electrodeposition
Authors: Ma Wei Wu , Wang Yan
Published: May 2014

The effect of N, N-diethylthiourea (DET) upon the microvia filling by Cu electrodeposition was investigated by cross-sectional images using optical microscopy. The bottom-up filling of the electroplating bath was achieved with an addition of DET. The electrochemical study indicated that the polarisation on the cathode was increased with an addition of DET. The results present DET as an accelerator which is beneficial for microvias filling for high density interconnections printed circuit board.
Adsorption Mechanism Study of Magnetic EDTA-Chitosan on Cu (II) Ions of Solution
Authors: Qin Run Hua , Li Feng Sheng , Jiang Wei , Hao Ling Yun
Published: May 2014

A novel magnetic adsorbent, magnetic EDTA/chitosan nanobeads was synthesized. The adsorption mechanisms of magnetic EDTA/chitosan nanobeads for removal of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution were investigated in this paper. The interaction mechanisms of Cu2+ adsorption onto magnetic EDTA/chitosan nanobeads and active sites were interpreted by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Uniting the analysis results of FTIR and XPS, the functional groups of participating in chelating were confirmed, and the results indicated that Cu2+ adsorption was mainly through interactions with electron donating atom N and O. This adsorption property was similar to N·O-type chelating agent and the adsorption mechanism was put forward. This work was very significant to control adsorption influence factor and improve adsorption capacity of magnetic EDTA-chitosan nanobeads, and then succeed to apply to magnetic adsorption fields.
Electrodeposition of Novel Cross-Linked Poly(methacrylic acid) Functionalized Poly(9-aminofluorene) Network Films
Authors: Cheng Dan , Lu Bao Yang , Zhou Wei Qiang , Xu Jing Kun
Published: May 2014

Four novel cross-linked network conjugated poly (methacrylic acid) functionalized poly (9-aminofluorene) films were prepared by a precursor polymer approach, i.e., poly { poly [ N - (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methacrylamide ] } (P1), poly { poly [ N - (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid ] } (P3), poly { poly [ N - (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methacrylamide] -co-9-aminofluorene } (P2) and poly { poly [ N - (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid ] -co-9-aminofluorene } (P4). As-prepared polymer films had good redox activity and structure stability in concentrated sulfuric acid. Fluorescence spectra indicated that the soluble cross-linked polymers were good blue light emitters and in solid state they were blue-green light emitters.
Methylthiouracil-Templated Formation of the Fluorescent Silver Nanocluster and its Application to Bioimaging
Authors: Xu Xiao Qing
Published: May 2014

Herein, we report a novel approach to Methylthiouracil-templated formation of fluorescent Ag nanoclusters and its application to bioimaging. We used fluorescence assay and TEM to characterize the silver nanocluster. The complex can be directly employed into bioimaging HeLa cells. The cell toxicity (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT) assay demonstrated that the silver nanocluster has only little affect on the cytotoxicity to the cells, which further proves the applicability of the method in tumor cell imaging. This work successfully develops the capping Methylthiouracil scaffolds of silver nanoclusters.
Adsorption Behavior of Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue by Chemical Modified Cornstalk Biomass
Authors: Cao Qi Lin , Zhao Yuan Meng , Wei Xiang Yan , Luo Fang
Published: May 2014

Cornstalk, a cellulosic agricultural waste material, was modified by citric acid to improve the adsorption of rhodamine B (RB) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous media. Characterization of SEM and FTIR spectra confirmed that the surface morphology of adsorbent changed and carboxylic groups were introduced into the raw cornstalk by chemical modification. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration and the amount of dried adsorbent were studied in batch experiments. There was no significant difference in the dye concentration remaining when the pH was increased from 4.0 to 10.0. Several models were used to fit experimental data and the results showed that experimental data fitted the Langmuir model and pseudo-second order model best. Compared with 58.71 and 81.71 mg g-1obtained by CS (raw cornstalk), the maximum adsorption capacities for RB and MB were 203.0 and 245.6 mg g-1by using CCS (cornstalk modified with citric acid), respectively.
Prevalence of Allergy and Complications Caused by Jewelry among Higher Vocational College Students
Authors: Yuan Jun Ping , Chen De Dong , Wan Peng
Published: May 2014

Allergy and complications caused by jewelry are prevalent among overseas college students, while there has no relevant study in China. To survey the prevalence of this problem among college students, questionnaire was designed and students randomly from three higher vocational colleges in south China joined this survey. The results show that 32.3% students have ever worn jewelry. The proportion of wearing jewelry is different for various specialties, which shows business students rank the highest, Arts and science &engineering students follow successively, while medical students keep in the last. Necklace, ring and bracelet are the main jewelry types worn by students. 1.3% boys and 10.2% girls have ever worn piercing jewelry, and ear is the dominant piercing site, which accounts for 93.1% overall. Among those students who have ever worn metal jewelry, 3.6% boys and 13.7% girls have ever suffered jewelry allergy or complications, which is mainly caused by costume jewelry and piercing jewelry.
Application of Neural Network in Bioactive Prediction of Inhibitor of Thymidylic Acid-Based Synthetase
Authors: Du Xi Hua , Wang Xiao Hui
Published: May 2014

Based on the molecular topology information and adjacency matrix, the 38 electrical state indices of molecules of inhibitor of thymidylic acid-based synthetase as five-membered heterocyclic pyrimidine derivatives were calculated to provide theoretical basis for molecular design of new drugs. By using variable regression method, the best subset of structural parameters ofE1,E2,E7,E16andE31were optimized. When the five structural parameters were used as the BP neural network input neurons and the neural network structure of 5:3:1 was used, an ideal prediction model of biological activity was obtained. Its total correlation coefficientrand average relative error were 0.972 and 2.13%, respectively. The result showed that the biological activity andE1,E2,E7,E16andE31have a good non-linear relationship with the biological activity, and the results predicted by neural networks was better than that by multiple regression method. The test proved that the model had good robust and predictive capabilities. Our research would provide theoretical guidance for the development of new drugs of inhibitor of thymidylic acid-based synthetase with efficient and low toxicity.
Adhesive Mechanism and Experimental Study on Shear Adhesive Strength of Impact Ice
Authors: Wu Rui Rui , Zhu Chun Ling , Zhu Cheng Xiang , Miao Bo
Published: May 2014

Aiming at the need of aircraft de-icing system design, a study of the adhesive mechanism between impact ice and substrate has been made. Based on the discussion of electrostatic force and van der Waals force which contribute to ice adhesion, the related factors are listed. A systematic study has been made of the distribution of shear adhesive strength of impact ice as a function of the roughness and material of substrates, the ambient temperature and the mean volume diameter of supercooled droplets through experimental research. The experimental results has been compared with foreign research and error analysis has been given.
Design of the Hydraulic System of Lead Plate Coiling Machine
Authors: Sen Hui , Yuan Rui Bo , Li Rong
Published: May 2014

This paper mainly introduces the process of lead electrolysis, the structure and working principle of lead plate coiling machine and Its’ parts, coiling machine components. First of all, rewind section hydraulic system adopts a return to the oil throttle speed control, it is stable and can bear a certain change load, can overcome the stage before the tension fluctuation of the impaction to the rotation speed of hydraulic motor. Secondly, speed and tension control system adopt electro-hydraulic servo valve and proportional relief valve are respectively to the drum speed and output torque control,it has high precision and accurate in speed and tension control. contact coiling section use electro hydraulic servo position control system with close loop control to improve the accuracy of position control. Finally, calculate parameters of each working section of hydraulic control system , verify the hydraulic component model and the rationality of the hydraulic circuit.
Influence of Vibration on Thermomechanical Property and Transformation Behavior of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Zheng An Sheng , Li Rui Hua , Zheng Peng Shuang , Fu Gui Ying
Published: May 2014

The strain recovery character and transformation behavior of a TiNi alloy are investigated by means of mechanical testing and DSC measurement before and after vibration. The DSC results show that the second reverse transformation peak temperature of TiNi alloys after vibration under constraint increases slightly during the subsequent heating, and the transformation heat decreases, while the transformation heat of the first reverse transformation increases. After constrained vibration, the first decline of the two-stage recovery strain obtained during the second heating process is obviously smaller than the one without vibration, and the total recoverable strain also decreases. For the prestrained martensitic TiNi fiber after a heating-cooling cycle, the two-way memory strain increases about 1.2% after vibration. All these phenomena are considered to be closely related to the vibratory stress relief during vibration.
The Research of the Rolling Element Bearing Fault Signal Frequency Domain Feature Extraction Method Based on the Wavelet Packet Decomposition
Authors: Qiu Shi Yin , Yuan Rui Bo
Published: May 2014

The wavelet packet decomposition can be used to extract the frequency band containing bearing fault feature, because the fault signal can be decomposed into different frequency bands by using the wavelet packet decomposition, that is to say the optimal wavelet packet decomposition node needs to be found. A method applying the average Euclidean distance to find the optimal wavelet packet decomposition node was presented. First of all, the bearing fault signals were decomposed into three layers wavelet coefficients by which the bearing fault signals were reconstructed. The peak values extracted from the reconstructing signal spectrum constructed a feature space. Then, the minimum average Euclidean distance calculated from the feature space indicated the optimal wavelet packet node. The optimal feature space could be constructed by the feature points extracted from the signals reconstructed by the optimal wavelet packet nodes. Finally, the optimal feature space was used for the K-means clustering. The feature extraction and pattern recognition test of the four kinds of bearing conditions under four kinds of rotation speeds was detailed. The test results show this method, which can extract the bearing fault feature efficiently and make the fault feature space have the lowest within-class scatter, wons a high pattern recognition accuracy.
The Influence of the Diameter Ratio between Rigid Body and Particle on the Impact Strength Exerted on the Rigid Body Impacting Particles
Authors: Lu Jian Dong , Li Lu Hai , Zhang Gai Mei
Published: May 2014

Granular particles exist widely in the nature. The purpose of this paper is to research the impact interaction between rigid body and particles. The diameter ratio between rigid body and particle has the effect on the impact strength exerted on the rigid body impacting particles. In this paper, the same rigid body impacts respectively the particles with five different diameters. The effect of the diameter ratio is analyzed theoretically according to this simulation experiment. With diameter ratio increasing, the vertical velocity, mechanical energy and momentum of the rigid body increase, and the force exerted on the rigid body decreases.
The Application of Paste Tailing Technology in High Latitude Cold Area
Authors: Zhou Bo , Zhou Xian Wen , Chen Ye , Chen Zheng
Published: May 2014

In this paper, the paste tailing preparation and stacking technology were applied in Wunugetushan Copper-molybdenum ore where in high latitude cold area of our country, the paste tailing preparation and stacking technology, Deep-cone thickener, Diaphragm pump and flocculating agent adding device were introduced. The production practice has proved that the paste tailing technology in high latitude cold area of our country obtained successful application, and had effected on the development of tailing disposal technology of our country.
Comparison Study of Structural Stabilities for H-Section Columns Built with Ordinary Grade Strength Structural Steels According to Boundary Conditions and Lengths at High Temperature
Authors: Kwon In Kyu
Published: May 2014

Fire resistance performance of structural members has been evaluated from each singular section and standard fire curve since the beginning of fire tests. However, the need of the exact fire resistance of H-section columns applied in the steel buildings has increased. The main reason for this is there is a difference between the conditions being conducted during the fire test and that from real situation. In this paper, the structural stability of H-section column made of an ordinary strength grade structural steels, SS 400, SM 400, and SM 490 at high temperature were evaluated and compared with boundary conditions and column’s length. This was done in order to suggest a new guideline for the application of fire protective materials in steel column in which the boundary conditions and column lengths are different from that tested with hinge to hinge and 3500 mm. The findings from this study showed hinge to hinge boundary condition was more conservative. And fire resistance performance of longer columns in the case of hinge to fixed and fixed to fixed boundary condition than from 3500 mm and hinge to hinge boundary condition can sustain at high temperature without adding fire protective materials.
Bridge with Lead Rubber Bearing Finite Element Analysis Based on ANSYS
Authors: Chen Yun Xin
Published: May 2014

In this paper, using finite element analysis software, the bridge with lead rubber bearing are analyzed, using parametric technology combined with finite element simulation, the parametric modeling and solving complex combination structure. After the analysis, the stiffness matrix of different parameters of the lead rubber bearing, provides a numerical basis for the overall quantitative analysis for bridges.
Experimental Application of Salt Slurry in Talimu High Density Drilling Fluid Composed of KCl-Saturated Brine and Polybasic Alcohol
Authors: Zhou Li Ju , Feng Jia Man
Published: May 2014

Salt slurry is the semi-solid waste of the salt industry. The study object was the salt slurry before filter in Jianghan Salt & Chemical Complex. In laboratory, this study investigated the application of the salt slurry in Talimu high density drilling fluid which composed of KCl-saturated brine and polybasic alcohol. It indicates that on the premise of the same density and pH value as the basic drilling fluid recipe, when the salt slurry dosage is less than 500 kg/m3, all the salt slurry application-based recipes measure up both the rheology behavior and the filtrate loss of the drilling fluid. This investigate will reduce the cost of the drilling fluid with the salt slurry as a resource.
Lost Wax Casting Process Design of Artificial Jade Cup Basing on Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: You Wei , Jiang Yan Mei , Lin Qian , Yu Xiao Xia , Li Peng Fei , Wang Yu Ge
Published: May 2014

The blast furnace slag is an industrial solid waste in the production process, this paper deals with the blast furnace slag as products -- artificial jade cup handicraft lost wax casting process of high additional value of main raw material, firstly analyses the production process of chemical composition and artificial jade common blast furnace slag and natural jade, then the detailed design of the lost wax casting process of artificial jade cup, including manufacturing, shell mould manufacturing, dewaxing, baking, imitation jade material melting and casting. The lost wax casting method for producing artificial jade crafts complex products, the added value of products, so as to achieve a high added value utilization of blast furnace slag.
The Construction of City Complex Intelligent System
Authors: Liu Ying
Published: May 2014

This article mainly analysis of each subsystem of city complex building intelligent systems and its function. Also described the different function in different city complex in the intelligent building set requirements.
An Extended-Range Hybrid Solar-Cell and Battery Powered Bicycle
Authors: Chao Chung Hsing
Published: May 2014

In this paper, an extended-range hybrid solar-cell and battery powered bicycle through a wireless sensor network (WSN) for far-end network monitoring solar energy to charge two lead-acid batteries and the effectiveness analysis is proposed. In order to achieve this goal, the key component of ZigBee used for a far-end wireless network supervisory system is setup. By adding a small-powered solar panel to charge two batteries when idle or low power periods, an extended-range hybrid powered bicycle allows its driving distance to be increased further. The alternative with this solution, though, are weight and cost. Experimental results prove that our prototype, the solar energy powered bicycle, can manage the solar energy for charging two lead-acid batteries pack to extend its range. As a result, the user by the wireless network in parking period knows the data on the amount of immediate solar radiation, the degree of illumination, the ambient temperature, and electrical energy storage capacity information by the internet interface.
Experimental Study on Biogas Production by Mesophilic Fermentation with Dimocarpus Longan Pericarp
Authors: Zhang Li Juan , Lin Wei Dong , Zhang Wu Di , Yin Fang , Zhao Xing Ling , Liu Jing , Xu Ling , Chen Yu Bao , Liu Shi Qing , Yang Hong
Published: May 2014

In order to gain the biogas production potential from pericarp of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruits, the anaerobic batch fermentation which were divided into the control group (120mL inoculum), the experimental group (120mL inoculum and 15g Dimocarpus longan pericarp) were performed at 30°C.The results indicated that the net biogas production of the experimental group during total fermentation time of 45d was 2455mL. Further, it was calculated that the biogas yield of Dimocarpus longan pericarp was 269mL/g TS or 294mL/g VS.
Application of the Head-Tail Method to Determine Irrigation Coefficient in Hongguang Irrigation District
Authors: Zuo Feng Lin , Zhang Wei Hua , Gao Juan , Bai Xiao Lan , Nong Jin Hua , Zhao Hai Qiang , Zhong Mei Quan
Published: May 2014

Irrigation coefficient is not only a critical criterion of the efficiency of agricultural water use, but also an important basis for the evaluation of regional water-saving scheme. According to the Head-tail method (measured net irrigation water use and gross irrigation water use), the irrigation coefficient of Hongguang irrigation district was determined in this paper. The results showed that this method well fitted the real situation of Hongguang irrigation district, and had several advantages including conceptually clear, convenient to use by local staffs. Practical application of this method in irrigation district provides good reference for the future routine evaluation of irrigation efficiency in irrigation.
Reaction Routes for the Electro-Deoxidation of Ilmenite in Molten Salt
Authors: Zou Xing Li , Lu Xiong Gang , Xiao Wei , Lu Chang Yuan
Published: May 2014

The reaction mechanism of electrochemical extraction of FexTi alloys direct from natural ilmenite in molten CaCl2has been investigated. The electrochemical deoxidation experiment process was carried out at 1000 °C and 3.8 V, and a solid oxide oxygen-ion-conducting membrane (SOM) filled with carbon-saturated liquid metal was served as the inert anode of the electrolytic cell. The macro-/micro-structure variations of the samples during electrolysis were investigated. The reaction routes from natural ilmenite to FexTi alloys are proposed and discussed. It is found that element Fe is reduced firstly from ilmenite and thus serves as electronic conductor to accelerate subsequent deoxidation, FexTi alloys can be produced directly from natural ilmenite by electrolysis in molten salt. It is suggested that FexTi phase can be formed directly from FexTiOycompounds and/or from deoxidation-generated Ti and Fe through various reaction routes.
The Research of Slope Stability Based on Unsaturated Soil Theory
Authors: Shao Chang Qing , Zhang Nan , Lv Feng Lan
Published: May 2014

With the deep landslide induced by rainfall or more in practice, the existing evaluation methods are not suitable for to explain this kind of landslide during rainfall, which is the phenomenon of strong activity. This paper tries to improve existing methods for analyzing the stability of the landslide, the article set up to consider soil stability analysis method of the matrix suction side article discusses rainfall infiltration process middle side matrix suction changes impacting on the stability of the landslide, the preliminary discussion on the effect of rainfall on deep landslide are studied. Considering soil of the side of the evaluation methods of matrix suction jettisoned traditional saturated unsaturated soil mechanics analysis method, it can well reflect the process of rainfall infiltration, the matrix suction decreases, and the inter-atomic forces, stability factor to reduce the process, providing a train of thought for landslides evaluation.
Preparation of Calcium Silicate Using Hazardous Solid Wastes and its Application in Treatment of Phosphate-Containing Wastewater
Authors: Zhu Xin Hua , Zhang Zhao , Shen Jun
Published: May 2014

The silica, one of the by-products of fluorine industry, contains soluble fluoride which is harmful to the environment. Therefore, a study on fixing soluble fluoride was conducted by hydrothermal method with the silica as raw material and adding hydrated lime (HL), and the nanowires-reticulated calcium silicate with high specific surface area up to 143.8m2/g was prepared at the same time. The prepared calcium silicate was used as adsorbent in the experiments of phosphorus (P) adsorption from aqueous solution, the adsorption capacity, adsorption rate and P removability were characterized. The results show that the preparation conditions affect distinctly the adsorption performances of calcium silicate, especially, the dosage Ca/Si molar ratio. For the optimized calcium silicate sample, the total P adsorption capacity is 125.7mg/g and the exchange rate of Ca2+reaches 95.8%, the P residual concentration is only 0.3mg/L, the saturated adsorption time is 3900 min, when the simulation solution with P concentration of 100 mg/L is treated. The P residual concentration is only 0.1mg/L for the simulation solution of 56.12mg/L.
The Nutritional Status of Waters and Origin Analysis of the Xitiaoxi Tributaries
Authors: Wang Huan , Yuan Xu Yin , Li Zheng Yang , Xu Hai Yan , Chen Hai Long
Published: May 2014

This paper investigates the seasonal and spatial variations of nutrients, permanganate index and chlorophyll-a of the Xitiaoxi tributaries. The results show that most of nutrients, CODMnand chlorophyll-a in dry season are higher than in wet season. The concentrations of TN and NO3--N show significant higher in the tributaries dominated by woodland. The contents of TP, TDP and chl-a in tributaries influenced by towns are higher than the tributaries located in farmland and woodland. CODMnin mixed-source lands of farmland and towns have the highest concentration, followed by towns and woodland dominated tributaries. The rates of TN/TP indicate that eutrophication in most of tributaries are limited by TP. The correlations between nutrients, CODMnand Chl-a indicate the concentrations of organics and microorganism are associated with nitrogen and phosphorus in waters. Land use is the most important factor affecting water quality in tributaries of Xitiaoxi watershed. The values of TDP/TP in towns dominated tributaries are higher than other tributaries. Mixed-source lands are the most important factor affecting NH4+-N values.
The Evaluation in Fuzzy Matter-Element Theory Based on Hybrid Weight
Authors: Jia Dong Yao , Zou Sheng Xiong
Published: May 2014

Because the personnel quality evaluation at home and abroad is mostly too subjective, it could not satisfy the requirement for the objective and effective evaluation, the fuzzy matter-element evaluation theory and realization based on the hybrid weight is proposed in this paper. The objective weight and subjective weight is Respectively proposed using the entropy method and the analytic hierarchy process, and the hybrid weight is formed by the objective weight and subjective weight using the weight coefficient,thus the model of fuzzy matter-element evaluation theory based on hybrid weight is constructed. This method Overcomes the drawback that the evaluation index weight is too subjective, solving the problem that the qualitative indicators in the evaluation process is difficult to accurately measure and describe, the combination of subjective and objective factors affect improves the accuracy of the evaluation. The experimental results show that, the evaluation accuracy of the method for railway maintainer is more than 90% , this method effectively improves the detection accuracy compared to other methods. It provides the managers with a set of effective evaluation system and method.
A New Method and Applications of the Boundary Value Problem of Differential Equation
Authors: Li Hong E , Dong Xiao Xu , Li Shun Chu , Gui Dong Dong , Fan Cong Yin
Published: May 2014

The similar structure of solution for the boundary value problem of second order linear homogeneous differential equation has been studied. Based on the analysis of the relationship between similar structure of solution, its kernel function, the equation and boundary conditions, similar constructive method (shortened as SCM) of solution is obtained. According to the SCM, the similar structure of solution and its kernel function are constructed for the mathematical model of homogeneous reservoir which considers the influence of bottom-hole storage and skin effect under the infinite outer boundary condition. The SCM is a new and innovative way to solve boundary value problem of differential equation and seepage flow theory, which is especially used in Petroleum Engineering.
Glass-Ceramics Obtained from Sewage Sludge and its Characteristics Affected by Alkalinity
Authors: Wu Di , Zhang Jun , Wen Xing Wang , Liu Hui Ling
Published: May 2014

Sewage sludge was tested as component for producing glass-ceramics with the addition of analytic reagent CaO to solve the sewage sludge disposal problems. The effect of alkalinity (Ak=mCaO/mSiO2) on the characteristics of the glass-ceramics was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate thermal behavior and crystalline phase of the samples. It was found that the degree and characteristics of crystals in vitrified sludge significantly correlate to the alkalinity of the raw materials. The glass-ceramics with Ak = 0.36 possessed the best physical and chemical properties.
Preparation of Polyamide 5,6 (PA56) Fibers and its Mechanical Properties
Authors: Eltahir Yassir A. , Saeed Haroon A.M. , Xia Yu Min , Wang Yi Min
Published: May 2014

Polyamide 5,6 (PA56) fibers were successfully prepared by melt-spinning technique. PA56 fibers were subjected to hot drawing process at different draw ratio and temperature. The effect of the drawing conditions on their mechanical properties such as tenacity, tensile modulus and breaking elongation were investigated by means of tensile test measurements. The results revealed that the tenacity and tensile modulus were found to be increased, while the elongation at break decreased with the draw ratio. The improvements of the mechanical properties could be attributed to the enhanced of the molecular orientation along the fiber axis and an increase in crystallinity. On the other hand, the PA56 fibers mechanical properties do not show significant difference with the drawing temperatures.
Wear Resistance of Elastomeric Based Composites by Continuous Multi-Cycle Indentation Used in Manufacturing Engineering
Authors: Zaimova Diana , Bayraktar Emin , Miskioglu Ibrahim , Dishovsky Nikolay
Published: May 2014

Wear resistance is an important rubber compound property related to useful product life. The rubber compound properties that affect wear behavior are very complicated. Wear is related to a rubber compound’s cut resistance, tear resistance, fatigue resistance hardness, etc. The most commonly used test method to determine the wear resistance of rubber materials is abrasion test. Tested compounds are usually compared on a “volume loss” basis which is calculated from the weight loss and density of the compound. This method is known to be variable and doesn’t give additional information for the wear behavior. For this reason we propose alternative approaches for examination of the wear behavior of rubber composites, giving information not only for the wear resistance but also for elastic the modulus, stiffness of the material, damage mechanism, etc. Continuous multi-cycle indentation is used to determine the indentation hardness, elastic modulus and the stiffness with two indenter types –Vickers and sphero-conical. Comparison of both results is made in order to investigate the effect of the indenter type.
YSZ-Reinforced Mg-Based Amorphous Composites: Processing, Characterisation & Corrosion
Authors: Wang Yong Sheng , Tan Ming Jen , Chua Beng Wah , Bayraktar Emin
Published: May 2014

MgZnCa amorphous matrix-based composites whereby reinforcing the matrix with suitable reinforcements to achieve enhanced mechanical, biomedical and anti-corrosion properties have been studied here. Here, MgZnCa-based composites have been developed with different amounts (0-25%wt) of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) reinforcement phase. The aim is to understand the corrosion behaviors of YSZ-reinforced MgZnCa-based composites in physiological saline solution. It is found that the incorporation of YSZ into amorphous MgZnCa matrix can cause crystallization of the amorphous matrix. The higher the YSZ introduced, the higher the degree of crystallization, and a fully crystalline matrix is obtained at a YSZ concentration of 25%. Electrochemical testing and ion release measurements, revealed that the composite with 8%YSZ possesses the smallest corrosion current density and the least ion release rate. Surface morphology analysis indicates a much stronger anti-corrosion ability of 8%YSZ-reinforced MgZnCa composite.
Application of Electrochemical Discharge Machining to Micro-Machining of Quartz
Authors: Wu Kun Ling , Lee Hsin Min , Chin Kuan Hwa
Published: May 2014

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is the preferred non-traditional process technology in recent years, The main processing is applied to machining non-conductive hard brittle materials.
This study investigated the precision and stability of quartz fabricated by ECDM and explored the optimal processing parameters including size of electrode, machining speed as well as pulse-on and pulse-off duration. Microgrooves machined under the optimal processing parameters with adjusted rotational speed and feed rate were examined to understand the effect of different ECDM parameters on machining performance. The results indicate that micro-holes of better morphology could be obtained under pulse voltage of 40 V, electrolyte concentration of 5 M, electrode size of 125 μm. Moreover, rotational speed of 1500 rpm and pulse-on/pulse-off (ms) ratio of 1:0.6 gave higher machining accuracy with smaller hole diameter and shorter machining time. Finally, microgrooves machined under the optimal processing parameters showed the best accuracy in dimension and cross-sectional morphology at rotational speed of 2500 rpm, pulse-on /pulse-off (ms) ratio of 1:1.6, and feed rate of 3000 μm/min.
Bonding PDMS Microfluidic Devices to PMMA and Glass Substrate Using Pulsed UV Laser Technology
Authors: Yang Chih Chung , Hsiao Wen Tse , Chung Chien Kai , Huang Kuo Cheng
Published: May 2014

This study presents a new method for surface modification of polymeric materials by using pulsed UV laser welding technology. The bonding procedures including ablation treatment, Oxygen plasma treatment, adhesive layer bonding and cured by pulsed UV laser writing system was exhibited. The investigation of various parameters for UV laser writing system was performed and discussed by using water contact angle measurement. This technique has been successfully applied to bond dissimilar polymer substrates (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image reveals clearly that there was no clogging in the microchannel or deformation observed between PDMS and PMMA. The method was straightforward and the integrity of microfluidic features was successfully preserved after bonding.
Micro Cutting of Biliary Stent with Nanosecond Fiber Laser System
Authors: Teng Ping Tun , Chang Fuh Yu , Chang Yu Ting , Liang Po Chin , Huang Kai Wen
Published: May 2014

A biliary stent cutting system based on nanosecond fiber laser was designed in this study. In order to achieve the stent cutting, the main modules and the critical technologies were analyzed. Then with the cutting system, the kerf width size was studied for different cutting parameters including laser power, repetition rate, cutting speed and assisting gas pressure. Finally, a high quality of fabricated nitinol biliary stent was achieved.
Effect of Punch Surface Topography on Friction in Micro Combined Forward and Backward Extrusion of Brass
Authors: Chang Chao Cheng , Siao Cheng Ping
Published: May 2014

Friction is one of the key factors affecting the metal forming process. If the friction effects of the process can be accurately modeled, it is able to improve simulations and help the research and development of the metal forming process. This study used cylindrical brass (JIS C2600) billets with the height and diameter of 1.1 mm for conducting the experiments of the micro combined forward and backward extrusion. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of punch surface topography on friction in the process. Four surface topography conditions for 0.8 mm diameter punches were prepared by grinding, polishing, grooving and micro electrical discharge machining processes. By comparing the ratio of the cup height to rod length of the extruded cups with the calibration curves established by simulations, the friction factor was estimated in a range from 0.3 to 0.6. The results showed that the punch surface topography significantly affect the friction in the extrusion process. The predicted loads using the estimated friction factors were in good agreement with the experimental results.