bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Emergence of Interior Architecture
Authors: Darbandi Maryam , Imani Nadieh , Rahimzadeh Mohammadreza
Published: August 2023

Less than a century has passed since the creation or at least the use of the term interior architecture. Although interior architecture had existed before and was considered an inseparable part of architectural work, some developments and changes became the basis for the formation of interior architecture and, as a result, its appearance independently of architecture. The main impact of these developments in the independence of interior architecture can be traced to the 19th and 20th centuries when the field of two specialisations of the same family, interior decoration and interior design emerged. This article aims to take a step towards understanding what interior architecture is by understanding the origin or emergence of this speciality. Therefore, in this research, firstly, the background of the emergence of interior decoration and interior design is discussed, then why and how interior architecture appeared is investigated and analysed. The methodology of this research is interpretive-historical and the findings are expressed using graphical methods in the form of flow charts, timelines, and diagrams. In the conclusion of this research, a conceptual model is presented to explain the impact of the emergence of these three specialities on each other.
Molecular Consequences of Peripheral Influenza A Infection on Cell Populations in the Murine Hypothalamus
Authors: Lemcke René , Egebjerg Christine , Berendtsen Nicolai T. , Egerod Kristoffer L. , Thomsen Allan R. , Pers Tune H. , Christensen Jan P. , Kornum Birgitte R.
Published: August 2023

Infection with Influenza A virus (IAV) causes the well-known symptoms of the flu, including fever, loss of appetite and excessive sleepiness. These responses, mediated by the brain, will normally disappear once the virus is cleared from the system, but a severe respiratory virus infection may cause long-lasting neurological disturbances. These include encephalitis lethargica and narcolepsy. The mechanisms behind such long lasting changes are unknown. The hypothalamus is a central regulator of the homeostatic response during a viral challenge. To gain insight into the neuronal and non-neuronal molecular changes during an IAV infection, we intranasally infected mice with an H1N1 virus and extracted the brain at different time points. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of the hypothalamus, we identify transcriptional effects in all identified cell populations. The snRNA-seq data showed the most pronounced transcriptional response at 3 days past infection, with a strong downregulation of genes across all cell types. General immune processes were mainly impacted in microglia, the brain resident immune cells, where we found increased numbers of cells expressing pro-inflammatory gene networks. In addition, we found that most neuronal cell populations downregulated genes contributing to the energy homeostasis in mitochondria and protein translation in the cytosol, indicating potential reduced cellular and neuronal activity. This might be a preventive mechanism in neuronal cells to avoid intracellular viral replication and attack by phagocytosing cells. The change of microglia gene activity suggest that this is complemented by a shift in microglia activity to provide increased surveillance of their surroundings.
Deterministic Genetic Barcoding for Multiplexed Behavioral and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Studies
Authors: Mendana Jorge Blanco , Donovan Margaret , Gengelbach Lindsey , Auch Benjamin , Garbe John , Gohl Daryl M.
Published: August 2023

Advances in single-cell sequencing technologies have provided novel insights into the dynamics of gene expression throughout development, been used to characterize somatic variation and heterogeneity within tissues, and are currently enabling the construction of transcriptomic cell atlases. However, despite these remarkable advances, linking anatomical information to transcriptomic data and positively identifying the cell types that correspond to gene expression clusters in single-cell sequencing data sets remains a challenge. We describe a straightforward genetic barcoding approach that takes advantage of the powerful genetic tools available in Drosophila to allow
in vivo
tagging of defined cell populations. This method, called
Ta
rgeted
G
enetically-
E
ncoded
M
ultiplexing (TaG-EM), involves inserting a DNA barcode just upstream of the polyadenylation site in a Gal4-inducible
UAS-GFP
construct so that the barcode sequence can be read out during single-cell sequencing, labeling a cell population of interest. By creating many such independently barcoded fly strains, TaG-EM will enable a number of potential applications that will improve the quality and information content of single-cell transcriptomic data including positive identification of cell types in cell atlas projects, identification of multiplet droplets, and barcoding of experimental timepoints, conditions, and replicates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the barcodes from TaG-EM fly lines can be read out using next-generation sequencing to facilitate population-scale behavioral measurements. Thus, TaG-EM has the potential to enable large-scale behavioral screens in addition to improving the ability to reliably annotate cell atlas data, expanding the scope, and improving the robustness of single-cell transcriptomic experiments.
Presiones internacionales de los grupos ambientalistas en la toma de decisiones en la política ambiental mexicana: caso Alto Golfo de California
Authors: Ramírez José Alberto Monárrez , Leglise Mario del Roble Pensado , Quiroz Gerardo Rodríguez , Millán Luis Alfredo Gallardo
Published: August 2023

Las políticas de áreas naturales protegidas son una alternativa de conservación y desarrollo usada a nivel internacional y que busca establecer zonas geográficas de prioritaria conservación. Al ser parte de las políticas y acciones de las naciones, se vuelve relevante el conocer que aspectos han influenciado en su establecimiento y evolución en su ejecución. Para esto, Kingdom (1995) establece que estos momentos de cambio son marcados por oportunidades donde los problemas, las soluciones y la agenda política se encuentran, este momento es conocido como la ventana de oportunidad. En la presente investigación, se busca establecer como las instituciones internacionales pueden ser un factor en el posicionamiento de la agenda pública internacional, nacional y regional, a través de estrategias legales, normativas y cognitivas.
Análise de risco da incidência de patologias em condomínios residenciais de padrão popular
Authors: Ribeiro Sidnea Eliane Campos , De Oliveira Danielle Meireles , Ribeiro Maria Carmen Couto , Almeida Marys Lene Braga , Bamberg Paula , Teixeira Thayza Mendes
Published: August 2023

A habitação popular no Brasil desenvolveu-se, principalmente, no formato de condomínios multifamiliares, porém nesses condomínios, por muitas vezes, foram utilizados materiais de baixa qualidade, mão de obra de baixa capacitação e processos de projeto de concepção e produção precários, observando-se uma alta incidência de falhas construtivas. Para o direcionamento das ações necessárias à redução dessas falhas em empreendimentos futuros e a um melhor gerenciamento da vida útil dos condomínios existentes, é necessário identificar os problemas observados e analisa-los qualitativa e quantitativamente para melhor priorizar as ações corretivas e mitigatórias. O presente estudo apresenta uma análise de casos múltiplos contendo nove empreendimentos habitacionais de padrão popular, e lança mão de ferramentas de análise de risco para identificar as falhas mais importantes nos condomínios observados do ponto de vista de probabilidade de ocorrência e de impacto para os agentes intervenientes. Os resultados devem direcionar ações futuras nas falhas construtivas mais importantes e assim garantir melhorias efetivas neste tipo de habitação no Brasil.
Association between Main Pulmonary Artery Diameter and COVID-19 Severity- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Abna Aysha , Braggs Anston Vernon , Mynalli Soujanya
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Long-term consequences of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia infection, like lung vessel thrombosis and pulmonary hypertension, require prompt diagnosis and management. Hence, measurement of Main Pulmonary Artery Diameter (MPAD) in patients with moderate to severe Computed Tomography (CT)-based severity scoring helps detect the possibility of complication early. In this study, Coronavirus Disease 2019 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) scoring for suspected patients were done. Aim: To measure MPAD in Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 positive (CO-RADS 6) and highly COVID-19 pneumonia suspicious patients (CO- RADS 4, 5) and then to associate with CT Severity Score (CTSS). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore from January 2020 to January 2022. Total of 200 patients, including 141 males and 59 females, who were highly suspicious and positive for COVID-19 pneumonia were studied. CT findings were noted, and CTSS was calculated. This was used to categorise the study sample into mild, moderate, and severe categories. MPAD was then measured for the corresponding patients. The measurement was then associated with the COVID-19 CTSS scoring using the Chi-square test, and p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Considering various parameters like age, gender, co- morbidities, and CTSS with MPAD, there was no statistically significant association between the former three parameters. Considering CTSS with MPAD, there were 72 mild, 92 moderate, and 36 severe cases. The study found a highly significant association between co-morbidities and CTSS (p-value=0.009) and a significant association between MPAD and the CTSS (p-value=0.024). Conclusion: MPAD could be used to predict the possibility of future complications like lung vessel thrombosis and pulmonary artery hypertension in patients highly suspicious and positive for COVID-19 pneumonia.
Medial Plantar Artery Flap for Reconstruction of Weight-bearing Sole Defect- A Series of Ten Cases
Authors: Vaghani Sanjay Gordhanbhai , Chaudhari Ganesh Sadashiv
Published: August 2023

Weight-bearing areas of feet are at risk of developing ulcers due to various reasons like a neuropathic foot in diabetes mellitus, acute trauma, post-tumour excision etc., Various reconstructive options have been described in literature from split-thickness skin graft to free flap. This case series reports 10 patients with sole defects. Out of 10 patients, seven patients had heel defect and three patients had the plantar aspect of the forefoot defect. For patients with heel defect, authors used a proximally based medial plantar flap as a reconstructive tool while for forefoot sole defect distally based (reverse) Medial Plantar Artery (MPA) flap was used. The most common cause of heel defect was postdebridement defect in diabetic foot in five cases, postmelanoma excision defect in three cases, postsquamous cell carcinoma excision defect in one case and postelectric burn defect in one case. Flap size ranged from 5x5 cm to 10×7 cm. All flaps offered stable, durable, and cosmetically acceptable skin cover. No patient had a recurrent ulcer during follow-up period. Partial flap necrosis in one case was managed conservatively. The MPA flap offers excellent cover which is a sturdy, durable, cosmetically acceptable cover for medium size defect over the sole i.e., the weight-bearing part of forefoot and heel.
Hamstring Tendon Autograft for Chronic Patellar Tendon Rupture- A Series of Ten Cases
Authors: Sajid Imran , Kumar Ashish , Sahni Radhika , Kant Utkarsh Ravi , Ahmad Sabeel
Published: August 2023

Patellar Tendon (PT) rupture is an uncommon injury of the knee extensors. Majority of the PT ruptures occur at the insertion site, on the inferior pole of the patella as an avulsion injury, mostly in males of <40 years of age and involving sports persons or accidental cases. A case series of 10 cases of neglected PT rupture were managed with primary repair along with augmentation with semitendinosus and gracilis (Hamstring tendons) graft. Patient follow-up was done postoperatively at 2nd week, 6th week, 3 months, 6 months, and then yearly. A knee brace was given to the patient postoperatively to immobilise the knee for two weeks. Static quadriceps strengthening exercises were started from postoperative day two. Assisted quadriceps strengthening exercises were allowed after two weeks postoperatively. Active quadriceps strengthening exercises were initiated after four weeks postoperatively. Partial weight bearing was allowed after four weeks and full weight bearing was allowed after eight weeks postoperatively. Postoperatively functional scoring was done using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores, simultaneously checking the knee range of motion, Insaal-Salvati ratio and quadriceps girth. Total of 8 males and 2 females were present with the mean age 43.9 years ranging from 38-53 years. The average period of follow-up was 25.5 months (range 12-39 months). Results were excellent with faster recovery and regain their normal physically active life around 8 months after reconstruction.
Clinical Features of Urinary Tract Infection in Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hasan Syed Mustafa , Jain Gaurav , Meena J , Punia Sameer
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common physiological finding in neonates but sometimes Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) can occur in these neonates and it can be asymptomatic or may lead to complications. Many causative factors are listed out for development of neonatal jaundice but the UTI is less mentioned in previous studies. Aim: To study the prevalence of UTI and its clinical features in the neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Aakash Healthcare super specialty Hospital, Dwarka, New Delhi, India, between June 2019 and May 2020. Total 116 infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were included in the study. The demographic features including date and time of admission, age at presentation of jaundice, mode of parturition, type of assistance for delivery (if any used), presence of cephalohaematoma, bruising or caput succedaneum, weight at birth, age at onset of jaundice (days of life), baby’s and mother’s blood group, any metabolic diseases in mother and father etc. were studied. A thorough haematological work-up was done and urine was collected in a sterile container by catheterisation. All samples were sent to the laboratory for microscopic analysis and culture. Data was statistically analysed using Mann-Whitney U-test and level of significant p-value was considered as less than 0.05. Results: A total of 116 cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were included in this study. Out of the 116 cases, 66 cases (56.89%) were male neonates and infants and 50 cases (43.11%) were female neonates and infants. In this study, out of 116 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, only 20 babies showed pus cells >5 //hpf (high power field microscope) (suggesting UTI), out of the 20 babies, 08 babies showed culture negative and pus cells >5 /hpf and remaining 12 babies showed culture positive and pus cells >5 /hpf. Out of 12 cases of culture and sensitivity, 8 cases showed culture for Escherichia coli (E.coli) and remaining four cases, organism cultured was Klebsiella pneumonia. Conclusion: Hyperbilirubinemia may be the initial sign of UTI in neonates; it may be asymptomatic in jaundiced newborns. It is recommended that, evaluation of UTI should be made in cases of asymptomatic hyperbilirubinemia cases which helps the paediatrician for early detection and treatment of these affected newborns reducing the hospital stay and long term complications.
Noise Levels of Invasive and Non Invasive Respiratory Support used in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Northern India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Verma Prabha , Tanigasalam Vasanthan , Gupta Girish
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The average noise level exposure inside Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is more than the recommended guidelines. The source of noise exposure inside NICU is multifactorial. There is need of studies to assess the noise levels of respiratory equipment used inside the NICU. Aim: To assess the noise levels of invasive versus non invasive and respiratory support in preterm neonates admitted to NICU. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in NICU of a tertiary health care center of Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India over one year duration from December 2019 to December 2020. A sample of 85 eligible neonates without major congenital anomalies (26- 36+6 weeks gestation) was enroled in this study after obtaining informed consent from parents. The noise levels of Heated Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula (HHHFNC), Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), conventional ventilation and High-Frequency Ventilation (HFV) were measured using a sound level meter for a period of first 24 hours of life. The median sound level from non invasive ventilation is compared with invasive ventilation. The continuous variables were expressed as median with range, while categorical data were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of 85 neonates were enroled majority of them were born in 32-34 weeks of gestation and were with birth weight of 1501-2500 grams. The sound level exposure of HHHFNC support was 56.1 dB (52.6-60 dB) from warmer and 47.3 dB (44.6-50.8 dB) from the incubator. The median sound level exposure per hour of bubble CPAP was 59 dB (55.2-61.9 dB) with warmer and 51.4 dB (47-55 dB) with incubator. The median sound level exposure per hour of the conventional ventilator was 60 dB (57.4-63.9 dB) with warmer and 53 dB (50.2-56.1 dB) with incubator. The median sound level exposure per hour of high-frequency ventilator was 69.1 dB (66.3-71.8 dB) with warmer and 67.3 dB (66.2-68.9 dB) with incubator. Conclusion: Non invasive ventilation (HHHFNC and bubble CPAP) was less noisy than invasive ventilation. The lowest measured noise exposure was higher than the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) recommendation of 45 dB, even after isolation with physical barrier.
Main Challenges in the Prevention of Prostate Cancer in Primary Health Care
Authors: Anjos Thiago Augusto Ferreira dos , Formigosa Lucrecia Aline Cabral , Dergan Marcela Raíssa Asevedo , Monteiro Aline Moraes , Alencar Folve Ariel Garcia , Costa Thiago Simplício , David Ana Paula Ferreira , Santos Luciana Ferreira dos
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Prostate cancer is a public health problem and the second most common type of cancer in the male population.

Objective: To report the experience of a health education action carried out by nursing students.

Methodology: This is a descriptive study of the type experience report, carried out in November 2022, in a Family Health Strategy in the Municipality of Ananindeua, alluding to the Blue November, where a group of Nursing students addressed about men's health, elucidating about prostate cancer.

Results: In the action in men's health, the active search was essential to relocate the individuals to the health unit, where the approach on the basic concepts of cancer, introduction to the disease, later correlating with prostate cancer (CA), where the male audience showed interest in the lecture, including interacting with the group, seeking to solve doubts about the disease, was highlighted.

Conclusion: The approach in spite of cancer, therefore, is essential to the population, such as the male population, where information, debates and explanations about the subject generates knowledge and positive changes in health, in addition to the experience of nursing students was essential to share information in public health, especially about men's health.
Stressors and Coping Mechanisms of the Junior High School Students in the New Normal
Authors: Joseph Yroy Archy , Rollo Erjean , Guroalim Jea Farida
Published: August 2023

Aims: This study aimed to determine the stressors and coping mechanisms of the junior high school students in the new normal for the school year 2022.

Study Design:  A quantitative correlational research design was used in determining and defining the relationships between the stressors and coping mechanisms.

Place and Duration of Study: Clotildo R. Barios Sr. National High School, Barangay, Lagumit, Malita, Davao Occidentall, school year 2022-2023, between August 2022-May 2023.

Methodology: With the use of stratified random sampling design, 213 students served as respondents in gathering the data using the two adapted survey questionnaires. The data was analysed using frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation and Pearson product moment correlation.

Results: The results revealed that there is a significant and direct relationship between the stressors and the coping mechanisms. Furthermore, results also revealed that there is no significant difference on level of stressors among respondents when grouped according to gender.

Conclusion: The level of stressors of the junior high school students of Clotildo R. Barrios Sr. National High School are at a moderate level. Meanwhile, the coping mechanisms are at a fair level. There is also a significant and direct relationship between stressors and coping mechanisms.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infection in Children of Xianyang Children's Hospital in 2022
Authors: Dong Mingxing , Wang Ying , Wang Xixia , Zhang Yale , Han Hongwu , Jiao Fuyong , Zhang Weihua
Published: August 2023

The incidence of HPIV infection in children is on the rise, particularly following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, which presents a potential risk to the health of children.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) in children admitted to Xianyang Children's Hospital (Xianyang Caihong Hospital) from January 2022 to December 2022.

Methods: Out of the 5873 cases of hospitalised children, the ones which had HPIV as the only pathogen and were non-standard cases were excluded, and the rest were analysed for their clinical characteristics, based on the six nucleic acids kits used to detect HPIV in respiratory tract viruses. Results: Among 5873 cases of Nasopharyngeal swab specimens, there were 795 cases of HPIV antigen positive, of which 794 cases of HPIV3（13.52%, 3 cases of HPIV1（0.05%; There were 472 males (13.92%) and 325 females (13.09%) in them(χ2 =0.381, P=0.362).The infection rates in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 8.03%, 55.71%, 28.48% and 7.78%, respectively, and the difference of pairwise comparison were statistically significant (χ2=539.158, P=0).There were 318 cases (19.51%) in infant group and 164 cases (10.86%) in children group (χ2=45.118, P=0). With HPIV as the sole pathogen including 363 cases of bronchopneumonia, 237 cases of bronchitis, 8 cases of pertussis syndrome, 84 cases of bronchiolitis.

Conclusion: ⑴. During the period of January to December 2022, Xianyang Children's Hospital has seen a high prevalence of HPIV, a virus causing lower respiratory tract infection, especially HPIV3. ⑵.No statistical evidence showed a difference between men and women in terms of high morbidity during spring and summer, which was more common among infants and young children. ⑶. Among children infected with HPIV, the four most common respiratory illnesses are bronchopneumonia, bronchitis, pertussis syndrome, and bronchiolitis. After undergoing symptomatic treatment, most children showed marked improvement. It is imperative to gain a thorough understanding of HPIV infections in children, enabling timely prevention and symptomatic treatment, identifying critical and serious illnesses, and reducing morbidity and mortality.
Plant Senescence: How Plants Choose, How and When to Die
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar
Published: August 2023

The word "senescence in plants" refers to the natural ageing process that takes place in plant tissues, organs, and cells and ultimately causes plant death. It is an intricate, tightly controlled process that is affected by both external and internal variables. The internal biological clock of the plant, which is controlled by many external conditions like temperature, light, and nutrition availability, is one of the primary causes of senescence. The internal clock alerts the plant to begin senescing when it reaches a specific age or developmental stage. Several biochemical and physiological changes that the plant experiences during senescence cause the disintegration of cellular elements such as nucleic acids, proteins, chlorophyll and other macromolecules. The plant may continue to grow and develop because these breakdown products are recycled and utilised to create new tissues and organs.

In addition, the plant generates and stores a variety of signalling chemicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hormones, that control the senescence process. The different physiological and biochemical changes that take place during senescence are coordinated by these signalling molecules, which serve as messengers. Senescence is an ordinary and necessary component of the life cycle of plants, but it can also be brought on early by many environmental challenges, including disease, nutrient inadequacy, and drought. The relevance of comprehending the processes that regulate the senescence procedure is emphasized by the fact that premature senescence can have a major influence on plant growth and productivity.

The genetically controlled degenerative process of leaf/plant senescence includes nutrient remobilization before the death of leaf/plant tissues. Together with other senescence-causing elements, age plays a significant developmental role in the process. Senescence is regulated at the cellular level by a variety of signalling molecules, hormones, and transcription factors. The complexity of the senescence process, as well as the perception and transmission of senescence signals, as well as subsequent regulatory events, are briefly reviewed in this overview, which also covers current advancements in this area. It will be explored where this field is headed in the future and how related techniques might be used to improve crops.
Improvement of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Chlorophyll Content by Using Growing Medium and Organic Liquid
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Yadav R. K. , Jain M. C. , Bhateshwar Mukesh Chand
Published: August 2023

A pot experiment was conducted during rainy season (July month) of 2019 at nursery unit of Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture, Ummedganj, Kota to evaluate the impact of growing media and cow urine on seed germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll content of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Arka Surya. The experiments were laid out in a factorial complete randomized design with two factors consisting 11 growing media and 2 level of cow urine (with or without). Among different treatments combination used the medium  Soil + Sand + Vermiculite + Cocopeat + Perlite (1:1:1:1:1) with cow urine found significantly superior over other treatments and control with respect to lowest days required for first  germination (6.17 days) and higher germination percentage (90.24 %). It has given better seedling height (15.48 cm), number of leaves per seedling (9.83) and leaf area (51.85 cm2) at 75 days  after sowing. The maximum length of longest tap root (14.20 cm), diameter of tap root (4.12 mm) and root/shoot ratio (0.87) were also found significantly superior in the same treatment as compared to rest of the treatments. Further, it was also found superior with relation to highest chlorophyll (2.50 mg/100g). Therefore, it is recommended this growing medium combination along with cow urine should be used for better germination and growth of papaya seed by orchardist.
A Comprehensive Review on Millets: A Potential Source of Energy and Nutrients for Health
Authors: Kumar Suneel , Sridhar Rathod , Monika S. , Kumar Anuj , Bhayankar  , Raghavan Megha , Tiwari Himanshu , Kumar Amit , Singh Shubham , Yadav Rishabh
Published: August 2023

Millets, Cereals and grains, are essential for providing appropriate nutrients and have been shown to be beneficial effect for disorders of lifestyle. The society's knowledge of nutrition and health care research substantiates the potential of photochemicals, such as polyphenols and dietary fibers, on their health beneficial properties, so there is no need to search for newer sources of energy and other natural and nutritional material with the desired functional characteristics. It is a crucial staple food crop in India, especially for low-income families. Its value in terms of nutrition is widely known because to its high content of phenolic compounds (0.03%–3%), dietary fibre (18%), and calcium (0.38%).
Biochar's Effects and Operations on Microbial Life within the Soil Ecosystem- A Review
Authors: Singh Swati , Somya  , Kumar Arun , Shukla Shwetank , Pandey Ajit , Singh Shwetank , Padimi Venkatesh
Published: August 2023

This review explores the multifaceted impacts of biochar on soil ecosystems honing in on its capacity to improve soil characteristics and modify microbial behavior. Biochar is a carbon-rich substance generated through pyrolysis of biomass which has gained escalating interest within the scientific community due to its potential for boosting soil carbon sequestration enhancing soil fertility and mitigating soil pollutants. The improvements brought about by biochar extend to influencing the metabolic activities and community structures of soil microorganisms. Our investigation delves into the effects of biochar on soil physical and chemical properties, its influence on enzymatic activities, nutrient availability and its role in contaminant transformation. Notably, we also study the interplay between biochar and microbial entities elucidating possible mechanisms underpinning this interaction. Alongside the benefits of biochar use this review underscores potential risks, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the broader implications of biochar applications. By amalgamating current knowledge, we strive to lay the groundwork for future explorations in this field.
Nigeria’s Non-Oil Sector and its Impact on Exchange Rate Volatility (1981-2021)
Authors: Nwolisa Chinyere Ugonwa , Ugoji Chinyelu Nwakaego , Aiyeku Olamide Halimat , Babatope Joshua Ayodele , Shonibare Alexander Afeez , Ipinjolu Oluwatoyin Abeke , Oloyede Betsy Moroyin , Abiodun Tosin Paul , Dairo Ridwan Oladeji
Published: August 2023

The study investigates the impact of non-oil exports on exchange rate volatility in Nigeria using 40 years of time series data. The study makes use of an autoregressive distributed lagged model as the model for the data estimation. The variables used were found to be stationary at a mixture of level and first difference. The study found that non-oil exports have a negative impact on the exchange rate volatility in Nigeria. A 1% increase in non-oil exports will lead to a 0.64% reduction in exchange rate volatility. This implies that the less volatile the exchange rate becomes, the more interest there is in non-oil exports. This study recommends that it is high time Nigeria as a country diversified its economy and focused on massive investments into other sectors of the economy such as Agriculture, Manufacturing, Mining, Art, and entertainment to increase non-oil exports and prevent overreliance on crude oil exports as the only source of foreign exchange earnings. When we diversify the economy, we produce more, become less reliant on imports, and the exchange rate becomes more stable as a result.
A Novel Approach for Fabricating In Situ Aluminum Foam‐Filled Carbon Steel Tubes via Hot‐Dip Aluminizing
Authors: Feng Zhanhao , Sun Xi , Gao Qiang , Su Xixi , Huang Peng , Wei Zhenxiong , Zu Guoyin
Published: January 2025

Herein, a new process combining hot‐dip aluminizing (HDA) technology with melt foaming method is developed to prepare in situ aluminum foam‐filled AISI 1020 tubes with metallurgical bonding which has the advantages of low production cost and wide range of product sizes. Detailed microstructural characterization is performed at the foam/tube interface of in situ foam‐filled tubes (FFTs). Quasistatic compressive experiments are carried out to investigate deformation behavior and mechanical properties of ex situ and in situ FFTs with and without HDA pretreatment (in situ‐HDA FFTs and in situ‐without HDA FFTs). The results indicate that HDA pretreatment effectively improves the wettability between the steel tube and the aluminum melt, enhancing the interfacial bonding quality between the two. Under compressive loading, in situ‐HDA FFTs axially deform in an efficient mixed mode, showing superior energy absorption capability as compared to the empty heat treatment (empty‐HT) tubes. Specifically, in situ‐HDA FFTs have the highest specific energy absorption of an average of 16.6 kJ kg−1 which is 13% higher than the average value of ex situ‐HT FFTs.
Mussel‐Inspired Surface Chemistry Constructed Monodispersed Core‐Shell Poly(Dopamine)‐Modified PS/Ni Metal Composite Microspheres for the Low Cost and High Reliability
Authors: Liu Tingting , Liu Ailing , Liu Baijun , Zhang Mingyao
Published: January 2025

In this study, polydopamine (PDA) was used to modify polystyrene/nickel (PS/Ni) metal composite microspheres prepared by chemical plating technology to obtain PDA@PS/Ni microspheres with a size of 2.45 μm. These microspheres were added to a polyurethane pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) matrix, and each anisotropic conductive adhesive (PDA@PS/Ni‐ACA) was ultimately obtained by rapid UV curing under room temperature conditions. The effects of different loading amounts on the prepared PS/Ni metal composite microspheres were investigated, and the differences in dispersibility, electrical properties, and mechanical properties between PDA@PS/Ni‐ACAs and PS/Ni‐ACAs were discussed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), high resistivity measurements, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the metal composite microspheres and ACAs. When the PDA@PS/Ni content was 3 wt.%, the resistivity was found to be 1.3 × 10−4 Ω cm, which is 15 orders of magnitude lower than that of pure PSAs PDA@PS, and the tensile strength was as high as 16.21 MPa. The tensile strength of pure PSA is 18.13 MPa, which is higher than that of heat‐cured PSA. In addition, the conductive adhesive maintains its anisotropy when the PDA@PS/Ni content is increased to 30 wt.%. These findings will help to expand the application of ACAs in the electronic packaging industry.
Fraise mowing and hollow‐tine aerification impact bermudagrass surfaces
Authors: McCauley Raymond K. , Pinnix Garland D. , Miller Grady L. , Heitman Joshua L.
Published: January 2025

Fraise mowing and hollow‐tine aerification are disruptive cultural practices that alter soil physical properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of fraise mowing followed by hollow‐tine aerification on soil physical properties in a Cecil sandy loam (loam) and a sand‐capped soccer field (sand) beneath established ‘Tifway’ hybrid bermudagrass (C. dactylon x C. transvaalensis Burtt. Davy). Three fraise mowing depths (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 inches) and hollow‐tine aerification were applied in mid‐June in two consecutive years. Turfgrass quality (TQ), thatch‐mat depth, surface hardness, and divot resistance were measured in both soils. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) was measured in the sand. All fraise mowing and hollow‐tine aerification treatments resulted in unacceptable TQ for 2 to 6 weeks during the study. However, combining hollow‐tine aerification with fraise mowing did not delay bermudagrass recovery. Thatch‐mat depth decreased by ≥19% as fraise mowing depth increased but was unaffected by hollow‐tine aerification. Fraise mowing did not affect Ksat; however, hollow‐tine aerification increased Ksat by 54%. Surface hardness increased by ≤24% with increasing fraise mowing depths. Fraise mowing did not affect divot resistance in the loam. Divot resistance in sand decreased by 16 and 30% with the 0.5‐ and 1.0‐inch fraise mowing depths, respectively. Hollow‐tine aerification decreased surface hardness by 5% to 20% and divot resistance by 6% to 13%. When practiced concurrently, fraise mowing and hollow‐tine aerification were complimentary and positively affected the soil physical properties in both soils.
Nickel tolerance in cool‐season grasses
Authors: Patrick Caleb , Liu Haibo , White Sarah , Luo Hong , Taylor Jacob
Published: January 2025

Nickel (Ni) toxicity is becoming more prevalent in plants and soils due to increased use of sewage sludge as fertilizers and wastewater irrigation applications; therefore, research on the tolerance of cool‐season turfgrasses and other grassy species is needed. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is one of most prevalent annual grassy weeds on fine turf worldwide. This research was conducted to examine Ni tolerance of two creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) cultivars Seaside II and PennLinks II plus a mixture of annual bluegrass and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grown in pure sand and treated with six different Ni concentration levels supplied as NiSO4·6H2O (control, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 µg L−1 of Ni). Grasses were assessed based on quality, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), relative clipping biomass, relative root biomass, relative total biomass, and plant tissue Ni concentration. All measured parameters decreased, and toxicity symptoms followed by growth reductions were noted for all grasses as Ni concentrations increased. Seaside II and PennLinks II at Ni concentrations of 400 and 800 µg L−1 were noted to be at acceptable turf quality or higher, when weedy species mixture was below the acceptable grass quality level. Seaside II displayed acceptable turf quality even at 1600 µg L−1 of Ni. At 3200 µg L−1 of Ni, PennLinks II and weedy species mixture were necrotic at the conclusion of the 8 weeks of the study compared to Seaside II, which was actively growing with signs of yellowing. Results illustrate genetic differences in Ni tolerance, and Seaside II, a salt‐tolerant creeping bentgrass cultivar, has stronger Ni toxic concentration tolerance than PennLinks II and a mixture of two annual weedy grass species, which are often found in the transition zone. This may explore potentials of more research on micronutrient management of weedy species.
Allelopathic potential of warm‐season turfgrass species as an alternative management strategies for weed control
Authors: Taylor Jacob W. , Amgain Naba R. , Patton Aaron J. , Bowling R. G. , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar , McCarty L. B.
Published: January 2025

Alternative cultural methods, such as the selection of a turfgrass species and cultivars, need to be investigated as a weed control tactic since certain turfgrass species/varieties demonstrate potential for weed suppression. The objective of this experiment was to assess the allelopathic potential of common warm‐season turfgrass species (Eremochloa ophiuroides, Stenotaphrum secundatum, and Zoysia japonica) on common turf weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, and Poa annua). Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of turfgrass competition, leaf extracts, and soil leachates on the germination and growth of weed species. Leaf extracts were more effective in suppressing weed species germination and growth than soil leachates. Zoysiagrass leaf extracts reduced the germination of P. annua by 16% and the coleoptile length of E. indica L. by 47% compared to deionized water control. Turfgrass species’ leaf extract stimulates annual bluegrass's coleoptile growth while inhibiting its radicle growth. Warm‐season turfgrass soil leachates did not suppress the germination and radicle growth of weed species. Eremochloa ophiuroides soil leachates were effective in suppressing D. sanguinalis coleoptile length. In this experiment, limited allelopathic effects of turfgrass species were noted. Poa annua germination and growth were reduced in a densely established turf, indicating that turfgrass species were equally inhibitory when competition was present. These results suggest that maintaining a dense and strong turf sward that can outcompete weeds for light, nutrients, and water is a more successful weed management technique than selecting a turfgrass species based on potential allelopathic effects.
Broadband CARS Hyperspectral Classification of Single Immune Cells
Authors: Muddiman Ryan , Harkin Sarah , Butler Marion , Hennelly Bryan
Published: January 2025

Broadband CARS is a coherent Raman scattering technique that provides access to the full biological vibrational spectrum within milliseconds, facilitating the recording of widefield hyperspectral Raman images. In this work, BCARS hyperspectral images of unstained cells from two different cell lines of immune lineage (T cell [Jurkat] and pDCs [CAL‐1]) were recorded and analyzed using multivariate statistical algorithms in order to determine the spectral differences between the cells. A classifier was trained which could distinguish the known cells with a 97% out‐of‐bag accuracy. The classifier was then applied to unlabeled samples containing a mixture of the two cell types on the same coverslip. This work demonstrates single‐cell analysis of pDCs (CAL‐1) and T cells (Jurkat) using BCARS. This approach enables an initial validation of cellular classification. We further demonstrate the capability of BCARS cell classification using single spectra of 5 ms acquisition time.
Rubric for peer evaluation of oral presentations: Use and perceptions among experienced and non‐experienced students
Authors: Pérez‐Higueras Juan José , Hidalgo Arroquia Juan José , Gancedo‐Caravia Lucía
Published: January 2025

Purpose

A properly designed rubric for oral presentations should be useful both to assess students’ performance and to help them prepare for the task. However, its use and perceptions might be influenced by scholars’ previous familiarization with rubrics during pre‐university courses. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the previous experience of students in the use of rubrics can influence their assessment of oral presentations and to compare their ratings with those assigned by educators.

Methods

Eighty‐six first‐year undergraduate dentistry students were randomly distributed in teams to prepare oral presentations. A newly designed assessment rubric was presented to the students prior to the assignment. Six weeks later the students performed the presentations and were anonymously assessed with the rubric by their peers and seven educators (EDU). Students’ perceptions towards the rubric as a learning and assessment tool were registered with an anonymous survey, which also recorded if they were familiar with the use of rubrics (experienced students, ES) or not (not‐experienced students, NES). Assigned scores by NES, ES, and EDU were compared.

Results

Sixty‐seven students completed the survey. No differences were found in the scores assigned among experienced (41) and non‐experienced students (26). Educators assigned significantly lower scores than students. ES and NES considered the rubric a complete easy to use and useful tool that helped them feel confident during assessment and performance.

Conclusions

Previous experience does not influence students’ use and perceptions of the newly developed rubric, however, ratings assigned by students are not comparable to those of EDU.
Differences in health care expenditure due to the comorbidity status of periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kinugawa Anna , Takeuchi Kenji , Tamada Yudai , Kusama Taro , Sato Misuzu , Maeda Megumi , Murata Fumiko , Osaka Ken , Fukuda Haruhisa
Published: January 2025

Background

To investigate the differences in health care expenditure (HCE) due to the comorbidity status of periodontal disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods

This cohort study used health care claims and oral health screening data to identify participants with PD or DM and followed them for 1 year to assess their HCE. PD and DM were determined based on PD screening and medical claims data, respectively. The study participants were divided into four groups: participants without PD and DM (PD−/DM−), participants with PD and without DM (PD+/DM−), participants without PD and with DM (PD−/DM+), and participants with PD and DM (PD+/DM+). Covariates included age, sex, smoking status, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score. A generalized linear model (GLM) with a gamma distribution and log link function was used to examine the association between comorbidity and annual HCE, and a two‐part model was used to assess the differences in annual HCE.

Results

In total, 790 participants (mean age: 63.1, 30.3% male) were included. Compared with the PD−/DM− group, the relative cost ratio (RCR) for the PD+/DM+, PD−/DM+, PD+/DM− groups were 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.62), 1.27 (95% CI: 0.99–1.64), 1.01 (95% CI: 0.89–1.14) times higher, respectively. The adjusted mean annual HCE for the PD+/DM+, PD−/DM+, PD+/DM− groups were ¥59,328 (95% CI: 14,171–104,484), ¥50,228 (95% CI: −15,801–116,256), ¥‐2,162 (95% CI: −24,598–20,274) higher than the PD−/DM− group, respectively.

Conclusion

This study provides a significant contribution of PD to the increase in HCE, particularly in individuals with DM.

Plain Language Summary

The association between periodontal disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) has commonly been described in previous literature, but the health expenditure incurred when PD and DM coexist is not clear. This study investigates the differences in health care expenditure (HCE) due to the comorbidity status of PD and DM. HCE is calculated from medical, dental, and pharmacy‐dispensing expenditures from the claims data. PD was defined by periodontal pocket scores, and DM was determined based on medical records. Study participants were divided into four groups based on whether they had PD, DM, both, or neither. The results showed that people with both PD and DM had higher HCE compared with those without PD and DM. These findings may suggest the importance of cooperation between medical and dental professionals in the treatment of DM in terms of HCE.
Dynamics of marine inorganic carbon and silica: A field study of the mechanisms controlling seawater major element concentrations
Authors: Steiner Zvi , Benaltabet Tal , Torfstein Adi
Published: January 2025

A highly resolved time series of dissolved major element (calcium, strontium, magnesium, and lithium) concentrations in the north Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, reveals variability in major cation concentrations beyond analytic uncertainties. This variability is composed of an interannual component that is most important for calcium, and a short‐term daily‐timescale component that is most important for lithium. As evident from covariation in calcium, potential alkalinity, and Sr/Ca, the calcium carbonate cycle of the Gulf of Aqaba is dominated by coral calcification, and there was an increase in calcification rates between 2017 and 2018. Variability in lithium concentrations, and larger changes in magnesium concentrations than expected from magnesium distribution coefficients in carbonate minerals, suggest an active cycle of aluminosilicate mineral dissolution, and precipitation of secondary silicate minerals.
LG Display and Eyesafe Promote OLEDs for Better Sleep
Authors: Dickson Glen
Published: January 2025

Technology is designed to reduce blue light exposure and promote melatonin production.