bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dopamine Modulates Effective Connectivity in Frontal Cortex
Authors: Vogelsang David A. , Furman Daniella J. , Nee Derek E. , Pappas Ioannis , White Robert L. , Kayser Andrew S. , D'Esposito Mark
Published: October 2023

There is increasing evidence that the left lateral frontal cortex is hierarchically organized such that higher-order regions have an asymmetric top–down influence over lower order regions. However, questions remain about the underlying neuroarchitecture of this hierarchical control organization. Within the frontal cortex, dopamine plays an important role in cognitive control functions, and we hypothesized that dopamine may preferentially influence top–down connections within the lateral frontal hierarchy. Using a randomized, double-blind, within-subject design, we analyzed resting-state fMRI data of 66 healthy young participants who were scanned once each after administration of bromocriptine (a dopamine agonist with preferential affinity for D2 receptor), tolcapone (an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase), and placebo, to determine whether dopaminergic stimulation modulated effective functional connectivity between hierarchically organized frontal regions in the left hemisphere. We found that dopaminergic drugs modulated connections from the caudal middle frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal sulcus to both rostral and caudal frontal areas. In dorsal frontal regions, effectivity connectivity strength was increased, whereas in ventral frontal regions, effective connectivity strength was decreased. These findings suggest that connections within frontal cortex are differentially modulated by dopamine, which may bias the influence that frontal regions exert over each other.
Systematics of the Neopelminae (Aves: Passeriformes: Pipridae) with description of a new genus
Authors: ELS PAUL VAN , HARVEY MICHAEL G. , CAPURUCHO JOÃO M.G. , BRUMFIELD ROBB T. , WHITNEY BRET M. , PACHECO JOSÉ F.
Published: October 2023

N/A
Interdependency, Perceived Shame, and Probability of Wrongdoing Among Chinese Students: A Partial Test of the Reintegrative Shaming Theory
Authors: Zhuo Yue , Chen Xiaojin , Liu Jianhong , Jiang Xin
Published: October 2023

Compared with other mainstream criminological theories, Reintegrative Shaming Theory (RST) draws insufficient empirical evaluations. Given RST’s unique attention to non-Western societies and the significance of shaming in Chinese society, China provides a strategic setting for RST’s empirical assessment. Utilizing a Chinese youth sample, this study explores the association between interdependency and the probability of wrongdoing, and the mediating role of perceived shame. We find that strong school attachment is directly associated with the reduced likelihood of wrongdoing, and indirectly via perceived shame. The effects of family and neighborhood attachments on perceived shame and the probability of wrongdoing are insignificant. The results lend partial support to RST and highlight the essential role of school in children’s development in the Chinese context.
Dose 4 You: Dose Division Calculator—A Tool to Reduce Calculation Errors
Authors: Syed Jehath , Ramesh Madhan , Pramod Kumar Teggina Math , Patil Vikram , Chalasani Sri Harsha
Published: October 2023

Background: Medication dosing calculation errors can cause significant harm to patients, especially in the pediatric population. Crushing tablets for dose division purposes may increase the risk of calculation errors, which can lead to incorrect dosing and compromised patient safety. This study aimed to develop a calculator to eliminate calculation errors associated with dose division. Methods: Using the Wix platform, a group of pharmacists created a user-friendly webpage “Dose 4 You.” To enable accurate dose division calculations, the advanced language model Chat GPT and Visual Studio were used. The tool assists healthcare professionals through a step-by-step process, allowing them to enter the necessary dose and medication requirements. The Dose 4 You web page’s reliability and feasibility were assessed using retrospective data and validated questionnaires, including the System Usability Scale (SUS), respectively and a Likert scale-based acceptance questionnaire. Results: The Dose 4 You website calculated the required amount of powdered tablet to achieve the desired dose with 100% accuracy. The obtained SUS score was 88.38, indicating excellent usability. The average score of all questions for acceptance was found to be 4.7 ± 0.15 indicating a strong agreement on the tool’s usefulness and effectiveness. Conclusion: Dose 4 You is a reliable tool that improves patient safety by streamlining dose calculations and lowering calculation errors. The tool’s ease of use, practicality in daily clinical practice, and potential to reduce medication errors are highlighted by the positive perception among healthcare professionals. Dose 4 You’s successful implementation demonstrates the power of technology and collaboration in transforming medication administration and improving patient outcomes. Similar innovative solutions to optimize healthcare practices can be explored in future health informatics endeavors.
Research on imperfect condition-based maintenance strategy based on accelerated degradation process
Authors: Chen Jintao , Ren Lina , Li Jianhua
Published: October 2023

To address the situation that the degraded system cannot be repaired as new and the degradation is accelerated after repair in engineering practice, an imperfect condition-based maintenance model is proposed based on the Gamma process by introducing the maintenance improvement factor and the accelerated degradation factor. The maintenance improvement factor describes the recovery degree of the degradation amount after imperfect maintenance, then gives a quantitative representation method of the system maintenance improvement effect and the determination method of the maximum number of imperfect maintenance. The accelerated degradation factor is combined with the geometric process to describe the accelerated degradation process of the system after imperfect maintenance. The Monte Carlo method is used to determine the optimal number of imperfect preventive maintenance decisions. Through the demonstration of calculation examples, the influence of accelerated degradation factor and maintenance improvement factor on the long-term operation maintenance rate and the optimal number of imperfect maintenance is analyzed. The results show that the model can more comprehensively describe the degradation and maintenance process of degraded systems, and it can effectively reduce maintenance cost ratio under long-term operation. It provides a certain theoretical support for formulating an economical and reasonable maintenance strategy that is more in line with the actual degradation and maintenance process in engineering practice.
Research on the control strategy of LCL grid-connected inverters based on improved auto disturbance rejection
Authors: Han Xixi , Xu Bowen , Kang Keqi , Zuo Songwei
Published: October 2023

The grid-connected inverter is the key to ensure stable, reliable, safe, and efficient operation of the power generation system; the quality of the grid-connected output current waveform directly affects the performance of the entire power generation system. To improve the anti-interference performance and reduce the output current harmonic content of the grid-connected inverter, an improved control strategy that combined repetitive control (RC) and auto disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is designed in this paper. Firstly, decoupled the ADRC to realize the individual adaptation between tracking performance parameters and anti-interference performance parameters of the controller, through which the difficulty of adjusting parameters is reduced. Secondly, the control approach is devised by adding RC to ADRC. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper, detailed experimental studies are conducted using proportional integral control, traditional ADRC, and the proposed method under normal power grids, weak power grids, and periodic disturbances. And dynamic performance simulation experiment is done to verify the dynamic performance of the self-disturbance rejection controller before and after the addition of RC links. The results indicated the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. Finally, after simulation, the steady state and dynamic performance are conducted on a hardware testing platform. The impacts of the obtained results indicate the effectiveness and feasibility of the control algorithm proposed, the ability to suppress intermediate frequency disturbances is improved, the bandwidth of the auto disturbance rejection controller is expanded, and the harmonic content of the output current is depressed.
What’s in a name? Place misrepresentation and neighbourhood stigma in the online rental market
Authors: Schachter Ariela , Kuk John , Besbris Max , Ho Lydia
Published: October 2023

In this article we examine how the online rental housing market reflects the desirability of different neighbourhoods in St. Louis, MO, a metropolitan area with long-standing high levels of Black–White residential segregation. Using a large digital corpus of advertisements for rental housing, we first show that adverts in neighbourhoods with more Black residents are less likely to list a neighbourhood name than adverts for available housing units in neighbourhoods with more White residents. Advertisements for housing in neighbourhoods with more Black residents are also more likely to list a different, higher-income neighbourhood name than the one in which they are located. Next, using a survey of St. Louis residents, we find that neighbourhoods with more Black residents are perceived as less desirable by both White and Black St. Louisans. We then employ a pair of survey experiments and find that interest in renting a particular housing unit changes if the advert does not list a neighbourhood name or uses a different neighbourhood name than one commonly associated with its location. Altogether, our findings reveal that postings in online housing markets reflect and reproduce existing racial-spatial patterns and may contribute to the avoidance/stigmatisation of certain neighbourhoods.
Great Expectations: The Importance of Procedural Justice and Parenting for Perceptions of Success Among Youth on Probation
Authors: Fine Adam D. , Fix Rebecca L. , Del Toro Juan , Jackson Dylan B.
Published: October 2023

Juvenile probation can be a critical inflection point. As such, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners are interested in enhancing youths’ success on probation, especially pertaining to reducing recidivism and promoting their success in education and employment. Informed by the risk–need–responsivity framework, the present study examined how theoretically derived familial/peer (e.g., social bonds, parental monitoring), societal/community (e.g., labeling theory), and individual-level (e.g., impulsivity, procedural justice) factors were associated with youths’ expectations for success on probation as well as more general life course outcomes. Within samples of youth starting probation ( N = 301) and 6 months into probation ( N = 253), we combined cross-sectional data from the jurisdiction’s risk/needs tool with a self-reported survey from youth. Youths’ perceptions of parental monitoring and procedural justice were consistently associated with their self-expectations for completing probation. However, for more general life course success, only perceptions of parental monitoring promoted self-expectations. Implications for theory, policy, and practice are discussed.
Engaging First Nations Australians in Correctional Treatment: The Perspectives of Program Recipients and Facilitators
Authors: Trudgett Meaghan , Mcgrath Andrew , Spaccavento Bianca
Published: October 2023

Developing and delivering effective rehabilitation programs that meet the specific needs of First Nations people and overcome barriers to engagement has been suggested as a way to address the overrepresentation of First Nations Australians in the correctional system. This project used a critical realist epistemology to understand perceptions of First Nations people participating in rehabilitation programs to contribute to improvements in treatment responsivity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five First Nations people serving community-based orders and five First Nations Program Facilitators. The data were analyzed thematically. Four overarching themes emerged: (a) the importance of culture and colonization, (b) intrinsic motivation to change, (c) communication and language: the role of the First Nations facilitator, and (d) connection: life after jail. These findings highlight the need for cultural healing as a crucial factor for programs aimed at First Nations Australians.
The effects of selected object features on a pick-and-place task: A human multimodal dataset
Authors: Lastrico Linda , Belcamino Valerio , Carfì Alessandro , Vignolo Alessia , Sciutti Alessandra , Mastrogiovanni Fulvio , Rea Francesco
Published: October 2023

We propose a dataset to study the influence of object-specific characteristics on human pick-and-place movements and compare the quality of the motion kinematics extracted by various sensors. This dataset is also suitable for promoting a broader discussion on general learning problems in the hand-object interaction domain, such as intention recognition or motion generation with applications in the Robotics field. The dataset consists of the recordings of 15 subjects performing 80 repetitions of a pick-and-place action under various experimental conditions, for a total of 1200 pick-and-places. The data has been collected thanks to a multimodal setup composed of multiple cameras, observing the actions from different perspectives, a motion capture system, and a wrist-worn inertial measurement unit. All the objects manipulated in the experiments are identical in shape, size, and appearance but differ in weight and liquid filling, which influences the carefulness required for their handling.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Inviting Men to a Voluntary-Based Domestic Violence Intervention
Authors: Turhan Zeynep , Fırat Engin , Genç Emel , Başer Baykal Nur , Ulus İhsan Çağatay , Bulut Sefa
Published: October 2023

This study examines the factors motivating domestic violence perpetrators to participate in a voluntary-based intervention program. The experiences and determining factors around men’s positive and negative responses to this invitation were examined through semi-structured interviews with professionals, observations, and reflexive notes during the first meeting with 29 men. Two major themes emerged from the thematic analysis: the factors making men more likely to attend the first meeting or resisting the group intervention. These findings can help professionals recognize the challenges of inviting perpetrators to interventions, especially in countries with insufficient laws for mandated domestic violence perpetrator programs. The paper discusses the importance during the first meeting of building rapport and trust and recognizing complex family histories to encourage voluntary attendance and intervention engagement.
Online Delinquent Behaviors of Adolescents: Parents as Potential “Influencers”?
Authors: Wissink Inge B. , Asscher Jessica J. , Stams Geert-Jan
Published: October 2023

In this study we examined whether aspects of parental monitoring of adolescents’ online behavior (rules regarding time spent on the internet, rules regarding content of internet use, frequency of communication, and quality of communication about internet use) are related to different kinds of online delinquent behaviors (sexting, spreading viruses, DDoS attacking, hacking, and online threatening) and whether the level of adolescents’ problematic (addictive) internet use mediates these relations. In regular Dutch high schools 1,009 adolescents filled out an online questionnaire (with adjusted versions of the ISPP, PIUQ, and the Dutch Youth Crime Monitor). Descriptive statistics showed that, in general, parents do not seem to monitor adolescents’ online behavior to a great extent. Furthermore, results of logistic regression analyses and mediation tests showed that fewer rules about online time, more rules about online content, and a good quality of parent-adolescent communication about online behavior are all associated with lower problematic internet use, which in turn is associated with lower odds of several online delinquent behaviors (mediation). Moreover, parental handling of rules about online content is also directly associated with lower odds of spreading viruses, hacking, and online threat.
A Primer on Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy-related Toxicities for the Intensivist
Authors: Ong Shin Yeu , Baird John H.
Published: October 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an innovative treatment approach that has shown remarkable efficacy against several hematologic malignancies. However, its use can be associated with unique and sometimes severe toxicities that require admission to intensive care unit in 30% of patients, and intensivists should be aware of immune-mediated toxicities of CAR T-cell therapy and management of adverse events. We will review available literature on current diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies for mitigating these most common toxicities associated with CAR T-cell therapy including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) in the post-infusion period. The authors will also review other toxicities associated with CAR T-cell therapy including cytopenias, acquired immunocompromised states, and infections, and discuss the available literature on best supportive care and prophylaxis recommendations. Critical care medicine specialists play a crucial role in the management of patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapies. With the expanding use of these products in increasing numbers of treating centers, intensivists’ roles as part of the multidisciplinary team caring for these patients will have an outsized impact on the continued success of these promising therapies.
Mutagenic, Anti-mutagenic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Methanol, Hexane, and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith
Authors: Hariri Farah Syahibah Mohd , Hamid Asmah , Rajab Nor Fadilah
Published: October 2023

Background

Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith (lempoyang) has a traditional application in the treatment of indigestion, worm infestation, loss of appetite, and postpartum conditions.

Objectives

Extracts of Z. zerumbet (methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate) were utilized to investigate the mutagenic, anti-mutagenic, and cytotoxic properties.

Materials and Methods

Initially, a mutagenicity test (Ames test) was conducted, followed by an anti-mutagenicity test, to assess the potential of Z. zerumbet extracts in inhibiting mutagenicity induced by sodium azide and 9-aminoacridine. Furthermore, the cytotoxic ability of the extracts was evaluated using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.

Results

The mutagenicity assessment revealed that the methanol extract of Z. zerumbet exhibited a twofold increase in the number of revertants in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1537. Similar results were observed for the hexane extract, except at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL, where no significant increase in revertants was observed. On the other hand, the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated a twofold increase in revertants in S. typhimurium strain TA 1535. Notably, the ethyl acetate extract displayed remarkable anti-mutagenic activity against 9-aminoacridine, while the hexane extract exhibited strong anti-mutagenic activity against sodium azide. Regarding cytotoxicity assessment using the MTT assay, the methanol extract of Z. zerumbet exhibited the highest cytotoxicity with an IC50 value estimated at 388.50 ± 135.75 µg/mL. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts showed IC50 values of 514.17 ± 135.75 and 589.67 ± 241.67 µg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion

The extracts displayed both mutagenic and cytotoxic activities. However, they also exhibited promising anti-mutagenic potential, which could be harnessed for cancer prevention purposes.
Cultural Beliefs on Cleft lip and/or Cleft Palate and Their Implications on Management: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hasanuddin H. , Al-Jamaei Aisha AH. , Van Cann Ellen M. , Ruslin Muhammad , Helder Marco N. , Deshpande Prasannasrinivas , Forouzanfar Tymour
Published: October 2023

Objective

This article examines and summarizes the published epidemiological literature on cross-cultural variations. Particular emphasis was put on addressing cross-cultural beliefs on the causes, management, and attitude toward cleft lip and/or cleft palate. A healthcare provider's awareness of these cross-cultural attitudes and beliefs is vital for promoting effective collaboration with patients’ families and ensuring a favorable medical outcome.

Design

Systematic review.

Setting

Not applicable.

Participants

Patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate, their families, their communities, and healthcare providers.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Not applicable.

Results

All relevant and eligible studies were identified using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The cultural belief was categorized and measured using Murdock's Theories of Illness. The study was reported in compliance with PRISMA guidelines. The quality of the selected studies was evaluated in accordance with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme criteria (CASP). Fourteen articles covering thirteen countries on four continents met the inclusion criteria. In diverse communities, cleft lip and/or cleft palate was attributed to natural (infection, medication, improper diet, smoke, or radiation) or supernatural (God, eclipse, ancestral spirit, and curse) causes. Reported consequences include stigmatization, inappropriate treatments, leaving patients untreated, and infanticide.

Conclusion

Cultural beliefs are the main cause of misconceptions surrounding a cleft lip and/or cleft palate. There is also a need for public health care providers’ intervention to educate society about the natural causes and ease of management, thereby increasing opportunities for patients substantially.
Prospective Multicenter Study of Salto Talaris Ankle Arthroplasty With Minimum 4-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Mathews Chelsea S. , Davitt James , Coetzee J. Chris , Shofer Jane , Norvell Daniel C. , Ledoux William R. , Sangeorzan Bruce J.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) continues to be investigated as a primary treatment for end-stage ankle arthritis. The objective of this study is to report mid- to long-term results of the Salto Talaris TAA using prospectively collected patient-reported outcomes and implant survival rates with 4- to 13-year follow-up.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data from 2 multicenter cohort studies from 3 centers. Three hundred fourteen subjects who received a Salto Talaris TAA from 2005 to 2015 were included in the study. Follow-up ranged 4-13 years following index procedure. Outcomes included 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) mental and physical component summary scores, pain scores, and adverse events including additional surgeries, revision, or removal of components.

Results:

Significant improvements were seen in pain and physical function scores at 2-year follow-up and were generally maintained through most recent follow-up. The survival rate of the prosthesis was >95% (n = 30/32 at >10 years, n = 272/282 at 4.5-10 years). Thirteen patients (4.1%) underwent revision or removal of their prosthesis. Time to revision ranged from 2 months to 6.5 years following the index procedure. Twenty-two patients (7.0%) had additional surgery that did not involve revision or removal of components.

Conclusion:

Treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis with this implant provided patients with improved pain and functional outcome scores at mid- to long-term follow-up. The significant improvements reported at 2-4 years appeared to endure through the extended follow-up period.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Normal Values for Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmotic Space With and Without Subject-Driven External Rotation Stress
Authors: Shamrock Alan , Den Hartog Taylor J. , Dowley Kieran , Day Jonathan , Barbachan Mansur Nacime Salomao , Carvalho Kepler Alencar Mendes de , de Cesar Netto Cesar , O’Malley Martin
Published: October 2023

Background:

The diagnosis and treatment of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis (DTFS) injury can be challenging, especially in cases of subtle instability that may be masked on 2-dimensional conventional radiographs. Weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) has recently emerged as a useful diagnostic tool allowing direct assessment of distal tibiofibular area widening. The purpose of the current study was to examine and report normal threshold values for DTFS area measurements in a cohort of healthy volunteers, assessing the ankles in natural weightbearing position and under subject-driven external rotation stress.

Methods:

In this prospective study, we enrolled 25 healthy volunteers without a history of DTFS injury or high ankle sprain, previous foot and ankle surgery, or current ankle pain. Subjects with any prior ankle injuries were excluded. Study participants underwent bilateral standing nonstress and external rotation stress WBCT scans. The DTFS area (mm2) was semiautomatically quantified on axial-plane WBCT images 1 cm proximal to the apex of the talar dome using validated software. Syndesmosis area values were compared between “unstressed” and “stressed” ankles, as well as left and right ankles. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t tests/Wilcoxon analysis with statistical significance defined as P <.05.

Results:

The study cohort consisted of 50 ankles in 25 patients (12 males, 48%) with a mean age of 28.7 ± 9.3 years. In the unstressed ankle, the mean pooled DTFS area was determined to be 103.8 + 20.8 mm2. The mean syndesmosis area of unstressed left ankles (104.2 + 19.5 mm2) was similar to unstressed right ankles (109.2 + 17.2 mm2) in the cohort ( P = .117). With external rotation stress, the DTFS area of left ankles (mean difference −0.304 mm2, CI −12.1 to 11.5; P = .082), right ankles (mean difference −5.5 mm2, CI 16.7-5.7; P = .132), and all ankles (mean difference −2.9 mm2, CI −10.8 to 5.1; P = .324) remained similar.

Conclusion:

This study presents normal values and range for DTFS area calculation. In uninjured ankles with expected intact ligaments, subject-driven external rotation stress did not result in significant widening of the DTFS space as imaged on with WBCT.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, cross-sectional study.
Study on the friction-induced vibration and wire corrugation of metro rigid overhead wire-pantograph systems
Authors: Mei Guiming , Li Xianhang , Zhang Weihua
Published: October 2023

Most recently, metro rigid overhead wire-pantograph systems are subjected to severe wear of overhead wires and current collectors throughout China, which are difficult to completely solve up to now. The severe wear of metro rigid overhead wire-pantograph systems is probably brought about by the medium-high frequency vibration of the metro rigid overhead wire-pantograph systems. Coincidentally, corrugation is frequently found in rigid overhead wire systems, but rarely in flexible catenary systems. A frictional self-excited vibration model of a rigid overhead wire-pantograph system was set up. The self-excited vibration characteristics were investigated using the transient analysis and the motion stability analysis. Results show that when the friction coefficient is greater than 0.07, the rigid overhead wire-pantograph system is more prone to self-excited vibration. The self-excited vibration frequencies cover a range of 20–1000 Hz. The simulated overhead wire corrugation approaches the measured corrugation in wavelength. The influence factor analysis displays that the friction coefficient, zigzag layout of rigid catenary wires, and sliding direction of pantographs have significant effects on overhead wire corrugation, and but the train speed, normal force, main spring stiffness, and span of two positioning clips have a little effect.
An Unusual Case of Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma Mimicking Abdominal Cocoon Syndrome in an Adolescent Patient
Authors: Ohlsen Timothy J. D. , Morse Ryan J. , Ahmad Hira , Pacheco Maria Cristina , Debiec Katherine E. , Bohling Sandra D.
Published: October 2023

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is an indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma rarely seen in pediatric patients. MALT lymphoma most commonly involves the gastrointestinal tract or peri-orbital tissues, potentially as sequela of chronic antigenic stimulation or immune dysregulation. Rare cases of MALT lymphoma arising from the gynecologic tract have been reported in older adult patients. We present the unique case of a 16-year-old postpubescent female with MALT lymphoma localized to the gynecologic tract, who initially presented with abdominal fullness, abnormal uterine bleeding, and obstructive acute kidney injury secondary to urinary outflow obstruction. Intraoperatively, dense fibrosis of the uterus and left fallopian tube was noted which mimicked abdominal cocoon syndrome. She was treated with 6 cycles of bendamustine and rituximab with complete anatomic and metabolic remission. In this report we highlight a very unusual presentation of a rare malignancy in the pediatric population as well as unique treatment considerations given this patient’s young age and tumor location.
Your money or your data: Avatar embodiment options in the identity economy
Authors: Won Andrea Stevenson , Davis Donna Z
Published: October 2023

In the physical world, choices about self-representation are tied to the body. However, avatar embodiment offers users many more options. These options are often constrained or promoted according to the economic models of the platforms that support different virtual worlds. Still, work on user motivations for avatar embodiment has generally not accounted for these constraints. To help explain users' interest (or lack of interest) in immersive technology, we discuss the mismatch between platform intentions and avatar affordances. We describe how user and platform motivations intersect in the ‘embodied identity economy’, a model in which users either ‘pay’ for access to embodied experiences with data from their physical identity or fund economy with cash payments. We present a framework of avatar embodiment using two dimensions: consistency versus discrepancy with the user’s physical identity, and experiential versus identity-based self-presence. We describe three ways in which avatars can be consistent with the user’s physical body: through appearance, through behavior, and the extent to which avatar data is linked with the user’s identity in the physical world. We relate this concept to recent discussions of a proposed ‘metaverse’ as a hub for life online.
Trends in ages at death of Norwegian centenarians: the 1870–1904 birth cohorts
Authors: Medford Anthony , Skirbekk Vegard , Strand Bjørn Heine
Published: October 2023

Background:

With rapidly rising life expectancy and ageing populations, interest has grown in the survival patterns and ages at death at the highest ages. In Scandinavia, the accumulation of very old population segments coupled with long-established, high-quality population registers permit meaningful analysis.

Methods:

This study is based on individual level data from extinct Norwegian birth cohorts using data obtained from the Norwegian Civil Register System. We assess trends in the ages at death of centenarians in Norway for cohorts born between 1870 and 1904 for evidence of any secular increase using quantile regression.

Results:

We observed that there is no upward trend in centenarian lifespans, in line with recent observations in Sweden, but contrary to the upward trend at the very highest percentiles as observed in Denmark.

Conclusions:

The available evidence suggests that the stagnation in centenarian lifespans may be partly due to the failure to find ways of dealing with neurodegenerative diseases.
An exploration of the cultural appropriateness of the family-centered function-focused care intervention
Authors: BeLue Rhonda , Kuzmik Ashley , Dix Michaila , Luckett Camille , Paudel Anju , Resnick Barbara , Boltz Marie
Published: October 2023

The Family-centered Function Focused Care (Fam-FFC) intervention, is a nurse-family care partnership model aimed to improve the physical and cognitive recovery in hospitalized persons living with Alzheimer’s Disease Related Dementias (ADRD) while improving the care partner’s experiences. Discussions of patients’ needs and preferences between nurses and the patient’s close family members have been found to be useful in preventing excessive stress in persons with dementia, while lessening the anxiety of care partners. However, the efficacy of dementia-specific interventions is influenced in part by the degree to which the interventions are flexible and sensitive to the patient’s and care-partner’s condition, needs, and preferences, including cultural preferences. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the cultural appropriateness of Fam-FFC using the Ecological Validity Model (EVM). This qualitative, descriptive study included 28 consented care partners drawn from a sample of 455 dyads enrolled in the Fam-FFC intervention. An interview guide was created based on the EVM. Participants provided demographic data. Thematic analysis was conducted to analyze transcribed interviews. The majority of the sample was female (79%), Non-Hispanic (96%) and half were married. One-half of the sample represented Black care partners and one-half were White. Seventy-nine percent lived with their family member with ADRD. Three major themes were identified from the thematic analysis including Care Partner Identity, Care Partner Preferences, and Goals of Care for functional recovery of their family member living with dementia. In this study care partners wanted more social services as well as home care that supported not just physical needs but also social and recreational needs. Findings from the study offer guidance on improving the Fam-FFC intervention including strengthening education and resources on partner self-care.
The Process of Online Disclosures of Interpersonal Victimization: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gueta Keren , Klar-Chalamish Carmit , Ullman Sarah E.
Published: October 2023

Theory and research on disclosure of interpersonal victimization, including intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and child abuse, has produced rich scholarship promoting a greater understanding of the challenges and implications of disclosure for survivors. However, in the last decade, social media platforms have opened new online disclosure opportunities that diverge from and overlap with offline disclosure. This highlights the need for adaptation and elaboration of theorizing in this growing area of study. Thus, the study aimed to systematically review the studies published in scientific literature. The following databases were accessed Criminal Justice Abstracts, Medline PsychInfo, Social Work Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science database, and Google Scholar. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria of peer-reviewed status and focused on the disclosure process. A thematic analysis revealed that online disclosure of interpersonal victimization is a multi-phase (decision-making and disclosure aftermath) and multifactorial (individual, interpersonal, social, and technological) experience for survivors. Specifically, survivors’ motivation was related to therapeutic goals, social support, and a desire to advocate for social change. Survivors faced numerous facilitators (e.g., inspiration from other online disclosures) and barriers (e.g., fear of triggering other survivors) to disclosure. The impact of online disclosure was divided into benefits (e.g., empowerment) and risks (e.g., undermining survivors’ security). The conceptual and empirical limitations of the current research are discussed, including a need for quantitative methods with larger samples and longitudinal designs to better understand how survivors can best benefit from processes of online disclosure, while avoiding harm or re-traumatization.
The Role of Stem Cell on Wound Healing After Revascularization—Healing Following Revascularization—Unlocking Skin Potential
Authors: Cheng Biao , Fu Xiaobing
Published: October 2023

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process involving a series of cellular and molecular events. Revascularization, the restoration of blood flow to ischemic or damaged tissue, is a key step in wound healing. Adequate vascularization has been recognized as a necessary factor for successful tissue regeneration. In the later stage of revascularization and tissue remodeling in wound healing, stem cells regulate other repair cells and matrix formation by influencing the maturation of blood vessels. The reductive oxidation (REDOX) state may be a key mechanism through stem/progenitor cells to influence endothelial cells to mature blood vessels and improve the quality of healing. Mitochondria may play an important role in this process.
Latino Men’s Sense of Belonging Experiences in a Community College Developmental Mathematics Classroom
Authors: Rivera Valles Luvia , Martirosyan Nara M.
Published: October 2023

Using a phenomenological approach, we examined the sense of belonging for first-generation Latino men enrolled in a developmental mathematics course at a Hispanic-Serving Institution. The focus was on faculty-student interactions that fostered a sense of belonging. Data were collected through individual, semistructured interviews. Participants revealed specific instructor practices and qualities that created a sense of belonging. The results inform faculty on experiences that create a sense of belonging within a mathematics classroom.
Flow diverter surface modifications for aneurysm treatment: A review of the mechanisms and data behind existing technologies
Authors: White Timothy G , Santhumayor Brandon A , Turpin Justin , Shah Kevin , Toscano Daniel , Teron Ina , Link Thomas , Patsalides Athos , Woo Henry H
Published: October 2023

Flow diversion (FD) has become a mainstay treatment for large wide-necked aneurysms. Despite excellent safety and efficacy, the risk of thromboembolic complications necessitates the use of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). The use of DAPT makes hemorrhagic complications of stenting carry high morbidity and mortality. Additionally, DAPT usage carries a risk of “nuisance” complications that do not directly impact intracranial circulation but need to be managed nonetheless. To circumvent this issue, the most recent generation of flow diverters have undergone surface modification with various compounds to confer blood compatibility to limit clotting and thrombosis. While these newer generation flow diverters are marketed to enhance ease of deployment, the goal is to eventually facilitate single antiplatelet use with flow diverter treatment. This generation of FDs have potential to expand indications beyond unruptured wide-necked aneurysms to include ruptured intracranial aneurysms without the necessity of DAPT. Currently, no comprehensive review details the molecular mechanisms and pre-clinical and clinical data on these modifications. We seek to fill this gap in the literature by consolidating information on the coating technology for four major FDs currently in clinical use—PipelineTM Flex and Vantage Shield TechnologyTM, FREDTMX, p48/64 hydrophilic coating, and Acandis Dervio® 2heal—to serve as a reference guide in neurointerventional aneurysm treatment. Although the Balt silkTM was one of the first FDs, it is uncoated, thus we will not cover this device in our review. A literature review was performed to obtain information on each coating technology for the major flow diverters currently on the market using international databases (PUBMED, Embase, Medline, Google Scholar). The search criteria used the keywords for each coating technology of interest “phosphorylcholine,” “poly 2-methoxyethyl acrylate,” “hydrophilic polymer coating,” and “fibrin-heparin” Keywords related to the device names “Pipeline Shield,” “Pipeline Shield with Flex Technology,” “FRED,” “FREDX,” “p64,” “p64-HPC,” “Derivo 2heal” were also used. Studies that detailed the mechanism of action of the coating, any pre-clinical studies with surface-modified intravascular devices, and any clinical retrospective series, prospective series, or randomized clinical trials with surface-modified devices for aneurysm treatment were included.
Strength and conditioning practices of judo coaches
Authors: Kons Rafael Lima , Detanico Daniele , Costa Filipe Estácio , Franchini Emerson , Dopico-Calvo Xurxo , Morales Aznar José , Loturco Irineu , Weldon Anthony
Published: October 2023

Strength and conditioning (S&C) is applied across various sports and levels. However, more evidence is needed regarding the practices and perspectives of those delivering S&C, with recent evidence in particular sports and countries showing that sports coaches and support staff are often tasked with this responsibility. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate judo coaches’ S&C practices and perspectives across different countries. Thirty-three judo coaches completed an online survey with six sections: (a) informed consent, (b) background information, (c) education, qualifications, and prescription, (d) views on S&C, (e) exercise selection and preferences, and (f) issues and improvements. Frequency analysis was used to report responses to fixed-response questions, and thematic analysis for open-ended questions. All respondents ( n = 33) reported S&C as “important” to “very important” for all judo aspects. The most important exercises prescribed were squats including variations for strength, weightlifting and derivatives for speed and power, judo-specific movements for agility and fitness, and stretching/mobility for injury reduction. Regarding perceived issues, disadvantages, desired improvements, and future developments in S&C, the most frequent responses were related to motivation, increased staffing, expertise, and technology integration, respectively. This study provides valuable information for those pursuing or currently delivering S&C within judo. Judo coaches can use the presented data to compare, align, and explain their practices with fellow coaches, athletes, and support staff.
Group cohesion profiles in athletes: Relationships with two waves of coping and affects in competition
Authors: González-García Higinio , Martinent Guillaume , Nicolas Michel
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to identify group cohesion profiles in athletes and examine whether athletes from distinct profiles significantly differed in affects and coping in competition. A total of 296 competitive athletes participated in the study and completed a series of self-report questionnaires in a temporal design with different measurement points. The athletes completed the questionnaires 2 days before competition, 2 h prior to competition and 2 h after competition. Results from latent profile analysis (LPA) model revealed that three profiles were the most suitable solution: (a) Low group cohesion profile, (b) a mixed group cohesion profile and (c) a high cohesion profile. In particular, (c) athletes from the high group cohesion profile revealed lower scores in intensity of negative affects after the competition, lower precompetitive relaxation, lower precompetitive mental distancing, lower precompetitive mental distraction, lower intracompetitive relaxation, lower intracompetitive logical analysis, lower intracompetitive mental distancing, lower intracompetitive mental distraction and lower intracompetitive disengagement. As a whole, the (b) mixed group cohesion profile revealed the worst combination of the three profiles in terms of coping strategies, which may be a profile at risk of not performing in competition. Thus, it is necessary to understand group cohesion as a multivariate experience for a better comprehension of this phenomenon.
Management of migraine
Authors: Hickman Dr Rosemary J , Hickman Dr Simon J
Published: October 2023

Migraine typically causes an intense, throbbing, unilateral headache. The exact cause is not known, but involves vascular, chemical and neurological factors. Migraine headache may be preceded by an aura of visual disturbance, weakness/numbness or dysphasia. Nausea, vomiting, photo- and phono-sensitivity often accompany the headache. In most cases, people have episodic attacks of migraine, however, a small proportion of sufferers develop chronic migraine with headaches occurring up to daily. This article will focus on the management of migraine in those aged 12 years and over, including management of acute attacks and chronic migraine. The differential diagnosis will be discussed and red flags that point to alternative diagnoses will be highlighted.
Human rights at work: The experience of The Turkish Constitutional Court
Authors: Yıldırım Engin
Published: October 2023

The article presents an account of the use of human rights litigation in the employment context through the lens of the Turkish Constitutional Court's (TCC) case law, focusing on the two core human rights of freedom of expression and the right to respect for private and family life under the individual application remedy. The main argument of the article is that the elevation of employees’ free speech and privacy concerns in employment relations, from an understanding and examination based on the employment contract to a constitutional level of review due to the availability of the individual application procedure, allows employees to confront employer-imposed restrictions that may infringe their constitutionally protected human rights. Direct access to the TCC potentially provides greater safeguards for employees' enjoyment of core human rights at work and beyond. At the same time, it is crucial not to magnify the role of individual applications in providing constitutional human rights protection to employees mainly because of procedural requirements.
Clinical outcomes related to portal pressures before and after embolization of large portosystemic shunts in cirrhosis
Authors: Rajesh Sasidharan , Philips Cyriac Abby , Ahamed Rizwan , Singh Shobhit , Abduljaleel Jinsha K , Tharakan Ajit , Augustine Philip
Published: October 2023

Objectives:

Embolization of large portosystemic shunts effectively controls gastric variceal bleeding and prevents hepatic encephalopathy. The significance of dynamic changes in hepatic venous pressure gradient before and after embolization on clinical events and patient outcomes remains unknown.

Methods:

In this retrospective single-center series, 46 patients with gastric variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, or both undergoing embolization (January 2018 to October 2020) were included, and dynamic changes in portal pressures were analyzed against patient outcomes.

Results:

Males predominated. The most common portosystemic shunt syndrome was the lienorenal shunt. In all, 34 patients underwent embolization for hepatic encephalopathy and 11 for gastric variceal bleeding. The proportion of patients surviving at the end of 12 and 32 months was 86.96 and 54.35%, respectively. The hepatic venous pressure gradient before shunt embolization was 13.4 ± 3.2 and 16.9 ± 3.7 mm Hg after occlusion ( p < 0.001). Bleeding from varices on overall follow-up was notable in five patients (10.9%), and overt hepatic encephalopathy in four ( N = 42, 9.5%) patients at 6–12 months. The development of infections within 100 days and beyond the first year was associated with the risk of dying at the end of 12 and 32 months, respectively. Elevation of hepatic venous pressure gradient by >4 mm Hg from baseline and an absolute increase to >16 mm Hg immediately post-procedure significantly predicted the development of early- and late-onset ascites, respectively.

Conclusion:

Close monitoring for the development of infections and optimization of beta-blockers and diuretics after shunt embolization may improve clinical outcomes and help identify patients who will benefit from liver transplantation pending prospective validation.