bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mehmet Başbuğ Resimlerinde Hayvan İmgelerinin Göstergebilim Çözümlemesi
Authors: SOYLU Rasim
Published: October 2021

Mehmet Başbuğ çağdaş Türk resim sanatında adını ulusal ve uluslararası sanat platformlarında duyurmuş bir sanatçı olarak henüz çok erken bir zamanda aramızdan ayrılmıştır. Türk kültürü ve bilhassa Anadolu kültürü temalı resimleri Türk sanatında ulusal imgelerin kullanımında onu zirveye taşımıştır. Resimlerinde çoğunlukla İstiklal savaşı, Anadolu kadını, Türkistan teması, keçi ve at gibi imgeleri görmek mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın konusu ve amacı Mehmet Başbuğ’un resimlerinde yer alan hayvan imgelerinin göstergebilim analizlerinin yapılmasıdır. Göstergebilim göstergeleri inceleyen ve analiz eden bir bilim dalı olarak yirminci yüzyılda gelişmiştir. Kendinden başka bir şeyi gösteren olarak tanımlanan gösterge her yerde bulunduğu gibi sanat eseri üzerinde de yer alır. Aslında sanat eserinin kendisi de bir gösterge olarak ele alınabilir. Belirtiler, belirtkeler, ikonlar ve semboller sanat eseri üzerindeki en önemli göstergelerdir. Bir gösterge düz anlamı yanı sıra yan anlam ve derin anlam da ifade eder. Ayrıca bir gösterge karşıt anlamlarına da gönderme yapar. Göstergebilim göstergeleri inceleyen ve anlamlandıran bir bilim dalı olmakla birlikte, sanat eserlerini de incelemek ve çözümlemek için bir yöntem olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Mehmet Başbuğ’un resimlerinde yer alan hayvan figürlerinden farklı on tanesi göstergebilim sanat eseri çözümleme yönteminden yararlanılarak çözümlenecektir. Göstergebilim sanat eseri incelemesinde Barthes ve Gremias tarafından geliştirilen göstergebilim çözümleme şemalarından anlam çözümleme şeması, karşıt anlamlar şeması, eyleyenler şeması ve göstergebilimsel dörtgen şeması üzerinde uygulamalı çözümlemeler yapılacaktır.
COVID-19 Krizi, Telework ve Dijitalleşme: Çağrı Merkezi Çalışan Deneyimleri
Authors: ÇALAPKULU Çiğdem , YEMEN Seda , DOĞAN Esra
Published: October 2021

2019 yılı itibari ile dünya gündemini meşgul eden Covid-19 pandemisi kurum ve kuruluşların iş yaşam faaliyetleri ve iş kültürleri üzerinde radikal değişikliklere yol açmıştır. Covid-19 krizi nedeni ile sosyal izolasyon sürecinin uygulanması ve birçok alanda kısıtlamaların getirilmesi şirketleri, süreçlerini yürütmek için belirli stratejiler uygulamaya yönlendirmiştir. Bu noktada son dönemlerde bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin ve dijitalleşmenin iş ve istihdam kritikleri üzerindeki etki alanının gelişmesi vasıtasıyla dikkat çeken Telework (uzaktan çalışma) sisteminin şirketler için önemli bir alternatif olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Salgının yayılım hızını ve etkisini en aza indirmek için alınan tedbirler kapsamında dünyanın dört bir yanında çalışanlar sosyal mesafeli çalışmaya olanak veren tele çalışma sistemine geçirilmiş ve dijitalleşen yeni bir yapılanma içerisine girmiştir. Bu bilgiler ışığında sektörel bazlı değerlendirmeler yapıldığında çağrı merkezlerinin bu sürece en çok adapte olan iş kolu olduğu belirlenmiştir. O nedenledir ki araştırma ekseni çağrı merkezi çalışanları üzerinde yoğunlaştırılmıştır. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel araştırma modelinin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, Twitter aracılığı ile random örneklem alınarak aktif çalışma yaş skalasına giren 25-30 yaş arası 300 çağrı merkezi işgörenine anket uygulanmış, çalışanların telework algıları hakkında bilgi edinmek, sürecin iletişimsel boyutunu incelemek ve dijitalleşmenin etkilerini görmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma, Covid-19 krizi nedeni ile iş yaşamına giren telework sisteminin dijitalleşme hâkimiyeti ile pandemi sonrasında da iş kültürünün önemli bir parçası olacağı ileri sürülmektedir.
Etik Kodların Örgütsel Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DEMİR Günce
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmada bir şirketin 2018 yılında yayınlamış olduğu “Şirket Etik Kodları”nın şirket çalışanları açısından anlaşılırlığı ve uygulanışı değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı yaşayan ve gelişen bir olgu olarak etik kodların şirketler açısından katkıları ve önemini ortaya koymak ayrıca günümüzde giderek yaygınlık kazanan bir kavram olarak etik kodlar kapsamında hareket eden/ ettiği var sayılan bir firmanın mevcut etik kodları nasıl uyguladığını gözler önüne serilerek benzer firmalara ve diğer potansiyel paydaşlara etik kodları uygulama konusunda rol model anlamında katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışma dahilinde bir şirketin 2018 yılında ilan ettiği on yedi etik kod ilkesinden yola çıkılarak beşli likert tipi ölçek ile bir anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Google Forms uygulaması aracılığı ile yapılan bu ankete 66 şirket çalışanından 61’i katılım göstermiştir. 2018 yılında belirlenen on yedi şirket etik kodunun şirket çalışanları tarafından iki yıl sonra (2020 yılında) nasıl algılandığı ve değerlendirildiğine bakılması hedeflenmektedir.
Kombinasi Metode AHP dan TOPSIS untuk Rekomendasi Penerima Beasiswa SMK Berbasis Sistem Pendukung Keputusan
Authors: Ridho M. Rasyid , Hairani Hairani , Latif Kurniadin Abd , Hammad Rifqi
Published: October 2021

SMK 2 Negeri Mataram merupakan lembaga pedidikan yang terteletak dikota mataram. Setiap tahunnya pihak SMK Negeri 2 Mataram (pihak humas) melakukan seleksi beasiswa bagi siswa yang memiliki nilai akademik bagus tetapi tidak mampu secara ekonomi. Selama ini permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pihak pengambil keputusan atau humas SMK Negeri 2 Mataram dalam seleksi penerima beasiswa adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan sangat lama karena dilakukan secara manual. Karena pihak humas SMK Negeri 2 mataram memilih siswa yang berhak mendapatkan bantuan beasiswa dengan cara verifikasi manual. Cara ini tentunya akan menyebabkan banyak terjadinya salah sasaran dalam pembagiannya, dimana yang dianggap mampu, bisa mendapatkan beasiswa tersebut, sedangkan yang dianggap tidak mampu tidak mendapatkannya. Tidak hanya itu, pihak humas juga kesulitan dalam penentuan penerima beasiswa dikarenakan antar calon penerima memiliki kesamaan nilai setiap kriteria yang digunakan. Adapun kriteria yang digunakan dalam seleksi penerima beasiswa adalah nilai rata-rata, penghasilan orang tua, tanggungan orang tua, jarak tempat tinggal, dan kehadiran. solusi yang ditawarkan pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan konsep sistem pendukung keputusan dengan kombinasi metode AHP dan TOPSIS untuk seleksi penerima beasiswanya. Metode AHP digunakan untuk pembobotan secara otomatis dan mendapatkan bobot prioritas antar kriteria yang digunakan, untuk minimalisir terjadinya pembobotan secara subyektif. Sedangkan metode TOPSIS digunakan untuk melakukan perangkingan penerima beasiswa dengan cara mengoptimalkan solusi ideal positif dan solusi ideal negatif untuk mendapatkan penerima beasiswa yang tepat dan layak. Tahapan-tahapan dalam pengembangan sistem pendukung keputusan seleksi penerima beasiswa adalah pengumpulan data, perancangan model MADM untuk melihat hubungan antar kriteria dengan alternatifnya, Coding menggunakan Bahasa pemrograman PHP dan Mysql. Tahapan terakhir adalah Pengujian untuk validasi hasilnya dengan perhitungan manual dan sistem. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah kombinasi metode AHP-TOPSIS mampu dimplementasikan untuk mendapatkan alternatif terbaik sebagai penerima beasiswa. Adapun kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah dengan adanya sistem pendukung keputusan rekomendasi penerima beasiswa tersebut dapat memudahkan dan mempercepat pihak pengambil keputusan (pihak humas) dalam seleksi penerima beasiswa dengan transparan dan okjektif.
Analisa Hasil Pengelompokan Wilayah Kejadian Non-Kebakaran Menggunakan Agglomerative Hierachical Clustering di Semarang
Authors: Exasanti Desy , Jananto Arief
Published: October 2021

Abstrak−Klasterisasi merupakan metode pengelompokan dari data yang sudah diketahui label kelasnya untuk menemukan klaster baru dari hasil observasi. Dalam klasterisasi banyak metode yaitu metode terpusat, hirarki, kepadatan dan berbasis kisi, namun dalam penelitian yang dilakukan ini dipilih metode berbasis hirarki. Metode hirarki ini bekerja melakukan pengelompokan objek dengan membentuk hirarki klaster namun bukan berarti selalu digambarkan dengan hirarki dalam organsasi. Dipilihnya Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering dimana merupakan jenis dari bawah ke atas atau biasa disebut (bottom-up) dalam metode ini objek yang akan diuji dianggap sebagai objek tunggal sebagai klaster dan lalu dilakukan iterasi untuk menemukan klaster-klaster yang lebih besar. Data yang akan digunakan adalah data non-kebakaran pada Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran Kota Semarang ynng mana akan dilakukan pengelompokan wilayah penanganan non-kebakaran. Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran melakukan penanganan bukan hanya kebakaran saja namun ada banyak hal yang sebenarnya dapat ditangani oleh petugas pemadam kebakaran, kejadian non-kebakaran ada beberapa seperti evakuasi reptil, evakuasi kucing, penyelamatan korban kecelakaan dan lain sebagainya. Dari data non-kebakaran dari 16 kecamatan di Kota Semarang pada tahun 2019 akan dilakukan uji menggunakan tiga algoritma yaitu Single Lingkage, Average Linkage dan Complete Linkage . Adapun dari algoritma Single Linkage dilakukan prosedur pemusatan dari jarak terkecil antar objek data, algoritma Average Linkage dilakukan prosedur dari jarak rata-rata objek data, sedangkan jika algoritma Complete Linkage dilakukan prosedur pemusatan dari jarak yang terbesar. Implementasi dan visualiasi dari data uji coba yang dilakukan di penilitian ini menggunakan tools WEKA 3.8.4, Wakaito Environment Analysis for Knowledge atau yang biasa dikenal dengan WEKA ini merupakan software yang menggunakan bahasa pemrograman java. Dari dataset 380 data diambil sampel 100 data untuk diuji mengunakan WEKA menggunakan metode perhtungan jarak Manhattan Distance dengan 3 cluster. Hasil dari data uji coba dapat divisualisasikan dengan visualisasi dendogram pada fitur visualize tree  dan jika dilakukan visualisasi dalam bentuk grafik dapat dilakukan menggunakan fitur visualize clusters assignment.
Putting Edmodo Into Classroom: Portraying Learning Management System (LMS) Manifestation
Authors: Nasrullah Nasrullah - , Rusmanayanti Asmi - , Rosalina Elsa - , Ningsih Rahma Pitria
Published: October 2021

An array of teaching tools have been developed enormously today sparking interest for educators in their instruction. Edmodo, which is also one of the CALL applications that can be accessed online both from computer and mobile telephone is one option for teachers and students and can be operated to post various things related to EFL teaching-learning process. However, many educators are reluctant to embed with them pedagogical function which coming along in the use of Edmodo. This research employed open-ended questionnaire which is spread to English Language Education ULM students who are taking Extensive Reading course. This research contributes to picture out perception in implementing Edmodo as Web-Quest as well Learning Management System (LMS) in online classroom instructional activities. The result of this study shows that the involvement of Edmodo to material delivery still does not encounter the predicted expectation. The limited storing material in the application and lack of feedback of the task through the media are the reasons of the barrier. In conclusion, the use of Edmodo needs to be developed along with the mindset of students centered activities.
Teacher’s Strategies In Teaching Speaking During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fitri Arya , Hermansyah Hermansyah , Pratiwi Etty , Aswadijaya Aswadijaya
Published: October 2021

The Covid-19 Pandemic situation made the Government announce  online learning activities.  This policy and it was relationship with teacher strategy at interesting teaching to learn. So that, This research was focused on the strategy that the teacher and used in impelemanting learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Namely distance learning (PJJ), so that it could runned effectively, optimally, and run well. This research aimed to describe the strategy of teachers in teaching Speking during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The research subject was class VIIB  English teacher, and grade VIIB students. Data collection techniques in this research were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the research show that the teacher used an expository strategy that emphasized the teaching and learning process directed to achieve learning objectives.  Analysis of online teacher learning methods with virtual media as a supporting means used two learning methods, first, the assignment method through the google classroom application, the results of the answer sheets were collected directly to the school, and then the second learning method was question and answer through Zoom Meeting and WhatsApp Group. The conclusion obtained from this research was that the teacher strategy in teaching speaking at Junior High School Prabumulih during the Covid-19 Pandemic could be seen from: teaching objectives, teaching approach, and teaching methods.
Students' Pronunciation Errors in English Silent Letters
Authors: Pusfarani Winda , Mukhrizal Mukhrizal , Puspita Hilda
Published: October 2021

The objective of this research was to find out the types of pronunciation errors are made by the seventh semester  students of English education study program at Bengkulu University in the academic year 2020/2021. This research used a descriptive quantitative method. 94 students as the total population 30 students  were chosen randomly as the samples. The instrument of the research were pronunciation test and interview. The test comprises 52 sentences which contain 13 silent letters i.e. “k, gh, th, g, p, l, t, s, w, n, b, h, d”. Each letter appears 4 times in the test. The results of the research showed that the students made two types of errors namely pre-systematic errors and systematic errors. The pre-systematic errors occurred more frequently than the systematic errors. The highest errors made by the students  were silent letters “g” (e.g. gnaw) and “b” (e.g. doubt) which total numbers of errors of each of them were 93 times (77%). It could be concluded that the students faced high difficulties in pronouncing the silent letters which completely different from Indonesian phonetic system. It was recommended that the English lecturers should pay more attention to students’ pronunciation and find more suitable method or technique of teaching it and students should study harder about the silent letters in English language.
Щодо оптимальних засад систематизації законодавства, яке регулює членські (зокрема корпоративні) відносини в юридичних особах з обов’язковою чи можливою множинністю членства (зокрема участі)
Authors: СМІТЮХ АНДРІЙ
Published: October 2021

У статті пропонується узагальнене бачення оптимальних засад систематизації законодавства, що регулює членські (зокрема й корпоративні) відносини у юридичних особах з обов’язковою чи можливою множинністю членства (зокрема участі), для чого висвітлює етапи формування цього законодавства, робить висновок про те, що співіснування низки нормативно-правових актів, ухвалених у різні роки, створює нашарування нормативних конструкцій, що вимагає при правозастосуванні постійного системного тлумачення, виявлення загальних і спеціальних норм з одночасним зіставленням пізніших і більш ранніх за часом ухвалення нормативних актів, при цьому втілена у чинних Господарському та Цивільному кодексах України “загальна частина” корпоративного права покриває лише невелику частину необхідних питань. Корпоративне законодавство, і, ширше – законодавство, що регулює членські (зокрема корпоративні) відносини в юридичних особах з обов’язковою чи можливою множинністю членства (зокрема участі) загалом не є зручним у застосуванні, а тенденції правотворчості, що спостерігаються, не дають великих надій щодо змін на краще.
Дослідивши актуальну судову практику та європейський досвід правового регулювання відносин членства й участі, автор доходить висновку про доцільність ухвалення єдиного кодифікованого акта, який регулюватиме членські (зокрема корпоративні) відносини, що виникають у юридичних особах із можливою чи обов’язковою множинністю членства (зокрема участі) та деякі відносини, що є суміжними з корпоративними, виходячи з міркувань зручності правозастосування.
Такий кодифікований акт має містити розширену загальну частину, що передбачатиме спільні для різних організаційно-правових форм положення і водночас забезпечить диверсифікацію правового регулювання для різних видів юридичних осіб з обов’язковою або потенційною множинністю членства (зокрема участі) на єдиних концептуальних і стилістичних засадах.
Положення загальної частини кодифікованого акта мають застосовуватися до відносин, що виникають між будь-якою юридичною особою з обов’язковою або можливою множинністю членства (зокрема участі) та її членами (учасниками), а також між самими учасниками (членами), незалежно від того, чи передбачає цей кодифікований акт спеціальні положення щодо відповідної організаційно-правової форми.
Розв’язання цього завдання вимагатиме об’єднання зусиль спільноти спеціалістів із корпоративного права на засадах орієнтованого на ідеологічні компроміси суто інструментального підходу з відмовою від догматичного протистояння, яке, принаймні у сфері корпоративного права, виявляється контрпродуктивним з огляду на витрачену на це протистояння протягом останніх декількох десятиліть енергію та отриманий результат.
Інститут юридичної відповідальності в корпоративному праві
Authors: КОЛОГОЙДА ОЛЕКСАНДРА
Published: October 2021

Метою статті є вивчення інституту корпоративної відповідальності, що зумовлене розвитком корпоративних відносин, удосконаленням корпоративного законодавства та законодавства про неплатоспроможність, формуванням нових видів корпоративних відносин та ускладненням їхньої структури.
У статті досліджено правову природу відповідальності учасників корпоративних відносин, посадових осіб органів управління, кінцевих бенефіціарних власників, “тіньових” директорів. Визначено ознаки та принципи корпоративної відповідальності в корпоративних відносинах.
До ознак корпоративної відповідальності віднесено: а) юридичну (закон, статут, внутрішній документ (положення, правила), договір (засновницький договір, цивільно-правовий договір (контракт), корпоративний договір) та фактичну підставу виникнення (корпоративне правопорушення); б) особливий суб’єктний склад – учасники корпоративних відносин, засновники, голова та члени ліквідаційної комісії, арбітражний керуючий, тимчасово виконуючі обов’язки посадової особи, особи, що входять до нелегітимних органів управління, колишні члени органів управління, “тіньові” директори, особи, які несуть субсидіарну відповідальність за зобов’язаннями товариства за законом, кінцеві бенефіціарні власники, пов’язані з банком особи; в) зміст – обмеження або позбавлення корпоративного права, покладання на правопорушника додаткового обов’язку або негативного наслідку; г) застосування в особливому, встановленому законом, локальним нормативним актом, цивільно-правовим або корпоративним договором порядку; ґ) функції: забезпечення виконання обов’язків учасників корпоративних правовідносин, захист кредиторів та стейкхолдерів, покарання порушника.
Під корпоративним правопорушенням авторка розуміє порушення корпоративних прав або охоронюваних законом інтересів інших учасників, невиконання або неналежне виконання корпоративних обов’язків учасників або фідуціарних обов’язків посадових осіб, зловживання правом.
Корпоративна відповідальність у формі відшкодування збитків передбачає доведення повного складу корпоративного правопорушення: протиправна поведінка (дія або бездіяльність), шкода (збитки, немайнова шкода), причинно-наслідковий зв’язок, вина. У разі доведення шкоди та протиправної поведінки вина порушника та причинно-наслідковий зв’язок презюмуються і можуть бути спростовані відповідачем у загальному порядку.
До принципів корпоративної відповідальності віднесено принципи відокремленості відповідальності компанії та її учасників, обмеженої відповідальності (limited liability) учасників, повного відшкодування збитків, спеціалітета, персоналізації та диференціації.
Проаналізовано законодавство України, що регламентує підстави та порядок застосування корпоративної відповідальності, судова практика.
Щодо ефективних способів захисту прав міноритарних акціонерів, порушених проведенням процедури squeeze-out
Authors: АТАМАНОВА ЮЛІЯ
Published: October 2021

У статті досліджено питання належних та ефективних способів захисту прав міноритарних акціонерів, права яких було порушено у зв’язку з примусовим викупом акцій у процедурі squeeze-out (сквіз-аут).
Понад три роки з дати ухвалення Закону України “Про внесення змін до деяких законодавчих актів України щодо підвищення рівня корпоративного управління в акціонерних товариствах”, яким було введено процедуру примусового викупу акцій на вимогу домінуючого акціонера, у наукових колах та під час вирішення судових спорів точаться дискусії щодо способів захисту міноритаріями своїх прав у зв’язку із позбавленням їх права власності на акції. Якщо перші два роки ситуація для міноритарних акціонерів здавалася безнадійною: суди не задовольнили жодного позову у спорі щодо примусового викупу акцій у процедурі сквіз-ауту, то після ухвалення Великою Палати Верховного Суду рішення у справі № 908/137/18 вона може істотно змінитися. Цим рішенням міноритарії визнані слабкою стороною, та підтверджено можливість маніпулювання ціною викупу акцій домінуючим акціонером, що може призвести до непропорційного втручання у право власності. Однак, даючи відповіді на одні запитання, Верховний Суд не визначив підходи до вирішення інших, зокрема: щодо належних способів захисту прав міноритарних акціонерів, порушення яких відбулося під час проведення процедури сквіз-ауту.
Метою статті є дослідження питання належних та ефективних способів захисту прав міноритарних акціонерів у спорах, пов’язаних із примусовим викупом акцій у процедурі сквіз-ауту, досвіду їх застосування у судовій практиці, а також розроблення відповідних пропозицій для подальшого правозастосування.
У дослідженні визначені основні групи порушень, які відбуваються під час проведення примусового викупу акцій на підставі ст. 652 Закону України “Про акціонерні товариства”: 1) відсутність у домінанта на момент направлення публічної безвідкличної вимоги пакету акцій у розмірі, що дорівнює або перевищує 95 % акцій товариства; 2) процедурні порушення при проведенні примусового викупу акцій; 3) порушення при визначенні та/або затвердженні ціни викупу акцій.
Незважаючи на різні види порушень, які можуть бути під час проведення процедури примусового викупу акцій, належними способами захисту інтересів мінори-тарних акціонерів слід визнати тільки два: 1) визнання недійсним одностороннього правочину – публічної безвідкличної вимоги; 2) стягнення різниці між вартістю акцій, визначеною під час примусового викупу, та справедливою вартістю акцій. Водночас ефективність останнього способу захисту, метою якого є отримання міноритарними акціонерами справедливої компенсації за викуплені акції, залежить від того, як він буде визначений подальшою судовою практикою: різновидом збитків чи спеціальним способом захисту прав міноритарних акціонерів.
General Aviation Flight Safety During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Boyd Douglas D.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 virus has caused over 582,000 deaths in the United States to date. However, the pandemic has also afflicted the mental health of the population at large in the domains of anxiety and sleep disruption, potentially interfering with cognitive function.
From an aviation perspective, safely operating an aircraft requires an airmans cognitive engagement for: 1) situational awareness, 2) spatial orientation, and 3) avionics programming. Since impaired cognitive function could interfere with such tasks, the current study was undertaken to determine
if flight safety for a cohort of single engine, piston-powered light airplanes was adversely affected during a period of the pandemic (MarchOctober 2020) prior to U.S. approval of the first COVID-19 vaccine.METHODS: Airplane accidents were per the National Transportation Safety
Board Access database. Fleet times were derived using Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast. Statistics used Poisson distributions, Chi-squared/Fisher, and Mann-Whitney tests.RESULTS: Little difference in accident rate was evident between the pandemic period (MarchOctober
2020) and the preceding (JanuaryFebruary) months (19 and 22 mishaps/100,000 h, respectively). Similarly, a proportional comparison of accidents occurring in 2020 with those for the corresponding months in 2019 failed to show over-representation of mishaps during the pandemic. Although a trend
to a higher injury severity (43% vs. 34% serious/fatal injuries) was evident for pandemic-period mishaps, the proportional difference was not statistically significant when referencing the corresponding months in 2019.CONCLUSION: Surprisingly, using accidents as an outcome, the
study herein shows little evidence of diminished flight safety for light aircraft operations during the COVID-19 pandemic.Boyd DD. General aviation flight safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(10):773-779.
Tanzimat'tan Cumhuriyet'e Osmanlı Taşra Teşkilatında Malatya (1839-1924)
Authors: KARAGÖZ Mehmet
Published: October 2021

Malatya, 1516 yılında Osmanlı taşra teşkilatına “Dulkadiriyye/Maraş” Eyaleti’ne, “Sancâk” olarak dâhil olmuştur. Tanzimat’a kadar mülkî idarî yapısında önemli bir değişiklik olmamıştır. Osmanlı taşra teşkilatında Tanzimat’la başlayan mülkî idarî düzenlemeler sürecinde 1847’de Harput Eyaleti’ne bağlı sancak haline getirildiyse de 1867 Vilâyet Nizâmnâmesi ile Malatya sancak olmaktan çıkarıldı ve “Kaza” statüsünde Diyarbakır Vilayeti’nin Mamüratü’l-aziz sancağına bağlandı. 1870’de ise mülkî idarî olarak tekrar sancak statüsüne yükseltildi ve Osmanlı Devleti’nde 1864’den itibaren uygulamaya konulan, “Müstakil/Mülhak Livâ” ayrımında “Mülhak Livâ” olarak 1883’te yeniden Mamüratü’l-aziz Vilâyeti’ne katıldı. II. Meşrutiyet’ten sonra ve özellikle I. Dünya Savaşı sürecinde, öncelikle asayişin sağlanması, ulaşım ve idari işlerin kolaylıkla yürütülebilmesi maksadıyla birçok liva gibi Malatya’nın da “Müstakil Liva” olması hususunda kanun layihaları hazırlanmıştır. Bu düzenlemeler hukukî anlamda Osmanlı Meclîs-i Mebûsânı’nda tartışmalara konu olmuştur. Nihayet, Milli Mücadele Dönemi’nde, 31 Mayıs 1920 tarihinde I. İcra Vekilleri Heyeti’nin kararıyla “Müstakil Liva” yapılmış ve 20 Nisan 1924 Teşkilât-ı Esâsî’sinin 89. Maddesi ile vilâyet/il olmuştur.
The Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Significance of c-Myc Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Min Zhao , Xunlei Zhang , Haizhen Chen , Wenjing Zhao , Haiyan Yu , Xiaoyun Lu , Jianyun Zhou , Xudong Chen , Aiguo Shen
Published: October 2021

Background: The incidence and mortality rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are increasing worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to elucidate the molecular drivers of HCC for potential early diagnosis and individualized treatment. Whether c-Myc expression plays a role in the clinicopathology and prognosis of patients with HCC remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to survey the prognostic role of c-Myc in HCC.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for studies published through March 2020 that examined the association between c-Myc expression and clinicopathology or prognosis in HCC patients. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to investigate the prognostic significance of c-Myc expression. Odds ratios were calculated to evaluate the association between c-Myc expression and clinicopathologic features. We also tested for publication bias.

Results: Our meta-analysis included nine studies with 981 patients with HCC published between 1999 and 2016. A meta-analysis of these studies demonstrated that high c-Myc expression indicated a poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.260, 95% CI: 1.660–3.080, and p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.770, 95% CI: 1.430–2.450, and p < 0.001) in patients with HCC. However, high c-Myc expression was not associated with HBsAg, pathological type, TNM stage, or cirrhosis. We did not find any significant publication bias among the included studies, indicating that our estimates were robust and reliable.

Conclusion: c-Myc overexpression could predict poor OS and DFS in HCC patients. c-Myc could be a useful prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
Adaptation to Endophytic Lifestyle Through Genome Reduction by Kitasatospora sp. SUK42
Authors: Zin Noraziah M. , Ismail Aishah , Mark David R. , Westrop Gareth , Schniete Jana K. , Herron Paul R.
Published: October 2021

Endophytic actinobacteria offer great potential as a source of novel bioactive compounds. In order to investigate the potential for the production of secondary metabolites by endophytes, we recovered a filamentous microorgansism from the tree Antidesma neurocarpum Miq. After phenotypic analysis and whole genome sequencing we demonstrated that this organism, SUK42 was a member of the actinobacterial genus Kitasatospora. This strain has a small genome in comparison with other type strains of this genus and has lost metabolic pathways associated with Stress Response, Nitrogen Metabolism and Secondary Metabolism. Despite this SUK42 can grow well in a laboratory environment and encodes a core genome that is consistent with other members of the genus. Finally, in contrast to other members of Kitasatospora, SUK42 encodes saccharide secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, one of which with similarity to the acarviostatin cluster, the product of which displays α-amylase inhibitory activity. As extracts of the host plant demonstrate this inhibitory activity, it suggests that the potential medicinal properties of A. neurocarpum Miq might be provided by the endophytic partner and illustrate the potential for exploitation of endophytes for clinical or industrial uses.
Synthetic Materials that Affect the Extracellular Matrix via Cellular Metabolism and Responses to a Metabolic State
Authors: Sthijns Mireille M.J.P.E. , van Blitterswijk Clemens A. , LaPointe Vanessa L.S.
Published: October 2021

In regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, many materials are developed to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, these ECM-mimicking materials do not yet completely recapitulate the diversity and complexity of biological tissue-specific ECM. In this review, an alternative strategy is proposed to generate ECM, namely synthesizing a material that functions as a drug delivery system, releasing molecules that target cellular metabolic pathways and thereby stimulate the local cells to create their own ECM. This is based on the fact that ECM synthesis, modification, composition, signaling, stiffness, and degradation are modulated by cellular metabolism. Metabolism can be targeted at different levels, ranging from modulating the availability of substrates or co-factors to regulating the activity of essential transcription factors. Depending on the drug of interest, its characteristics, mechanism of action, cellular target, and application, a different drug delivery system should be designed. Metabolic drugs modulating the ECM require cellular uptake for their function, therefore reversible linkers are recommended. Preferably the metabolic modulators are only released when needed, which will be upon a specific metabolic state, a change in ECM stiffness, or ECM remodeling. Therefore, reversible linkers that respond to an environmental stimulus could be incorporated. All in all, a novel strategy is suggested to develop a tissue-specific ECM by generating a synthetic material that releases metabolic molecules modulating the ECM. Various ways to modulate the ECM properties via the metabolism are reviewed and guidelines for the development of these materials are provided.
Surgical Outcome Prediction Using a Four-Dimensional Planning Simulation System With Finite Element Analysis Incorporating Pre-bent Rods in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Simulation for Spatiotemporal Anatomical Correction Technique
Authors: Tachi Hiroyuki , Kato Koji , Abe Yuichiro , Kokabu Terufumi , Yamada Katsuhisa , Iwasaki Norimasa , Sudo Hideki
Published: October 2021

An optimal surgical strategy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is to provide maximal deformity correction while preserving spinal mobile segments as much as possible and obtaining a balanced posture. From a spatiotemporal deformity correction standpoint, we recently showed that anatomical four-dimensional (4D) spinal correction could be accomplished by curving the rod. In the surgical procedure, two rods are bent identically to confirm spinal anatomical alignment without referring to the intraoperative alignment of the deformity. Therefore, anatomically designed rods have been developed as notch-free, pre-bent rods for easier anatomical reconstruction. In addition to providing the best spinal instrumentation configurations as pre-bent rods, prediction of surgical outcome along with its biomechanical impact can be obtained by simulation of the surgical procedures with computer modeling. However, an objective model that can simulate the surgical outcome in patients with AIS has not been completely elucidated. The present study aimed to compare simulated deformity corrections based on our newly developed spatiotemporal morphological 4D planning simulation system incorporating pre-bent rods and actual deformity corrections in patients with AIS. A consecutive series of 47 patients who underwent anatomical posterior correction for AIS curves were prospectively evaluated. After multilevel facetectomy, except for the lowest instrumented segment, 11 types of pre-bent rods were used. Patient demographic data, radiographic measurements, and sagittal rod angles were analyzed within 1 week of surgery. Our simulation system incorporating pre-bent rods showed a significant correlation with the actual postoperative spinal alignment. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of our simulation system and the ability to simulate the surgical procedure using the pre-bent rods. The simulation system can be used to minimize the differences between the optimal and possible outcomes related to the instrumentation levels and rod shapes. Preoperative assumption of rod shape and length can contribute to a reduction in operative time which decreases blood loss and risk of infection. The results of the finite element analysis in the simulation system measured for each individual patient would also provide a more realistic representation of the surgical procedures.
Dapagliflozin, as Add-on Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients, Is Associated With a Reduction in Albuminuria and Serum Transaminase Levels
Authors: Benjamin Silas , Ramanjaneya Manjunath , Butler Alexandra E. , Janjua Imran , Paramba Firjeeth , Palaki Jafer , Kubaisi Aisha Al , Chandra Prem , Abdalhakam Ibrahem , Massodi Nasseer Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Introduction

SGLT-2 inhibitors are shown to be nephroprotective, slowing progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in addition to improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). To date, no real-life clinical data is available on the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and liver enzymes in a Middle Eastern population. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of dapagliflozin (DAPA) on urine ACR, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) when added to standard therapy for T2D.

Methods

This is an observational study of 40 patients with T2D in whom DAPA was added to their existing anti-diabetic regimen to improve glycemic control. The primary outcomes were changes in serum transaminase level and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Secondary outcomes include changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), body mass index (BMI), oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin dose.

Results

Whole group analysis showed a reduction in ALT (p<0.0001), (AST) (p=0.009), ACR (p=0.009) and BMI (p<0.0001) following DAPA treatment. Further sub-group analysis showed that patients on insulin and DAPA combination had a reduction in ACR (p=0.0090), ALT (p=0.0312), BMI (p=0.0007) and HbA1c (p<0.0001) compared to the sulfonylurea and DAPA combination group. In the sulfonylurea and DAPA combination group, there was a reduction in the sulfonylurea requirement following DAPA therapy (p=0.0116), with reductions in ALT (p=0.0122), AST (p=0.0362), BMI (p=0.0026) and HbA1c (p<0.0001) but with no change in ACR (p=0.814).

Conclusion

In routine clinical practice, the addition of DAPA to standard medical therapy is well tolerated and beneficial for T2D patients and is associated with a reduction of ALT and ACR.
Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells via Myostatin/MYOD Pathway
Authors: Wang Bingyuan , Guo Jiankang , Zhang Mingrui , Liu Zhiguo , Zhou Rong , Guo Fei , Li Kui , Mu Yulian
Published: October 2021

Identifying the genes relevant for muscle development is pivotal to improve meat production and quality in pigs. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a thiol zinc-metalloendopeptidase, has been known to regulate the myogenic process of mouse and rat myoblast cell lines, while its myogenic role in pigs remained elusive. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify the effects of IDE on the proliferation and apoptosis of porcine skeletal muscle stem cells (PSMSCs) and underlying molecular mechanism. We found that IDE was widely expressed in porcine tissues, including kidney, lung, spleen, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. Then, to explore the effects of IDE on the proliferation and apoptosis of PSMSCs, we subjected the cells to siRNA-mediated knockdown of IDE expression, which resulted in promoted cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis. As one of key transcription factors in myogenesis, MYOD, its expression was also decreased with IDE knockdown. To further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, RNA sequencing was performed. Among transcripts perturbed by the IDE knockdown after, a downregulated gene myostatin (MSTN) which is known as a negative regulator for muscle growth attracted our interest. Indeed, MSTN knockdown led to similar results as those of the IDE knockdown, with upregulation of cell cycle-related genes, downregulation of MYOD as well as apoptosis-related genes, and enhanced cell proliferation. Taken together, our findings suggest that IDE regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of PSMSCs via MSTN/MYOD pathway. Thus, we recruit IDE to the gene family of regulators for porcine skeletal muscle development and propose IDE as an example of gene to prioritize in order to improve pork production.
ATP2B1-AS1 Promotes Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Regulating the miR-330-5p/TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Lei , Tan Ying , Zhu Ziyu , Chen Jun , Sun Qiang , Ai Zhibin , Ai Chunqi , Xing Yu , He Guohou , Liu Yong
Published: October 2021

We aim to explore the expression and function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ATP2B1-AS1 in a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we established a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/IR) rat model and an OGD/R PC12 cell model to evaluate the expression and role of ATP2B1-AS1 in the cerebral I/R injury. We found that the expression of ATP2B1-AS1 was upregulated in both in vitro and in vivo cerebral I/R injury models. Knockdown of ATP2B1-AS1 increased the cell viability, inhibited apoptosis, and decreased the expressions of inflammation cytokines. The target of ATP2B1-AS1 was predicted and validated to be miR-330-5p. MiR-330-5p abrogated the regulatory effect of ATP2B1-AS1 on cell viability, apoptosis, and cytokines of OGD/R PC12 cells. Furthermore, the results showed that miR-330-5p targeted TLR4, which was also upregulated in the infarcted area of MCAO/IR rats and OGD/R PC12 cells. Overexpression of ATP2B1-AS1 increased the expressions of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 of OGD/R PC12 cells, while the effect of ATP2B1-AS1 was abrogated by miR-330-5p. In addition, knockdown of ATP2B1-AS1 decreased the latency time, increased the time of passing the platform position, reduced the cerebral infarct volume, decreased neurological deficit scores, and reduced the number of damaged neurons of MCAO/IR rats that were subjected to the Morris water maze test. Taken together, our study indicates that ATP2B1-AS1 may be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cerebral ischemic injuries.
Identification of Key eRNAs for Spinal Cord Injury by Integrated Multinomial Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Huang Runzhi , Wang Siqiao , Zhu Rui , Xian Shuyuan , Huang Zongqiang , Cheng Liming , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2021

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological deficit affecting both young and older people worldwide. The potential role of key enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) in SCI remains elusive, which is a prominent challenge in the trauma repair process. This study aims to investigate the roles of key eRNAs, transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathways, and small-molecule inhibitors in SCI using multi-omics bioinformatics analysis.

Methods: Microarray data of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 27 healthy volunteers and 25 chronic-phase SCI patients were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs), differentially expressed enhancer RNAs (DEeRNAs), and differentially expressed target genes (DETGs) were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray Data (limma) package. Fraction of immune cells was estimated using CIBERSORT algorithm. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) was applied to identify the downstream signaling pathways. The eRNA regulatory network was constructed based on the correlation results. Connectivity Map (CMap) database was used to find potential drugs for SCI patients. The cellular communication analysis was performed to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of SCI based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) data were used to validate the key regulatory mechanisms. scRNA-seq dataset was used to validate the cell subtype localization of the key eRNAs.

Results: In total, 21 DETFs, 24 DEeRNAs, and 829 DETGs were identified. A regulatory network of 13 DETFs, six DEeRNAs, seven DETGs, two hallmark pathways, two immune cells, and six immune pathways was constructed. The link of Splicing factor proline and glutamine rich (SFPQ) (TF) and vesicular overexpressed in cancer prosurvival protein 1 (VOPP1) (eRNA) (R = 0.990, p < 0.001, positive), VOPP1 (eRNA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (target gene) (R = 0.974, p < 0.001, positive), VOPP1, and T helper (Th) cells (R = −0.987, p < 0.001, negative), and VOPP1 and hallmark coagulation (R = 0.937, p < 0.001, positive) was selected. Trichostatin A was considered the best compound target to SCI-related eRNAs (specificity = 0.471, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: VOPP1, upregulated by SFPQ, strengthened the transient expression of EGFR. Th cells and coagulation were the potential downstream pathways of VOPP1. This regulatory network and potential inhibitors provide novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for SCI.
The Relationship Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Tumor Dormancy
Authors: Zhao Linxian , Zhang Kai , He Hongyu , Yang Yongping , Li Wei , Liu Tongjun , Li Jiannan
Published: October 2021

Tumor dormancy, a state of tumor, is clinically undetectable and the outgrowth of dormant tumor cells into overt metastases is responsible for cancer-associated deaths. However, the dormancy-related molecular mechanism has not been clearly described. Some researchers have proposed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can be seen as progenitor cells of tumor dormancy, both of which can remain dormant in a non-permissive soil/niche. Nowadays, research interest in the cancer biology field is skyrocketing as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of regulating tumor dormancy, which will provide a unique therapeutic window to cure cancer. Although the influence of MSCs on tumor dormancy has been investigated in previous studies, there is no thorough review on the relationship between MSCs and tumor dormancy. In this paper, the root of tumor dormancy is analyzed and dormancy-related molecular mechanisms are summarized. With an emphasis on the role of the MSCs during tumor dormancy, new therapeutic strategies to prevent metastatic disease are proposed, whose clinical application potentials are discussed, and some challenges and prospects of the studies of tumor dormancy are also described.
Dictyostelium Dynamin Superfamily GTPases Implicated in Vesicle Trafficking and Host-Pathogen Interactions
Authors: Katic Ana , Hüsler Dario , Letourneur François , Hilbi Hubert
Published: October 2021

The haploid social amoebaDictyostelium discoideumis a powerful model organism to study vesicle trafficking, motility and migration, cell division, developmental processes, and host cell-pathogen interactions. Dynamin superfamily proteins (DSPs) are large GTPases, which promote membrane fission and fusion, as well as membrane-independent cellular processes. Accordingly, DSPs play crucial roles for vesicle biogenesis and transport, organelle homeostasis, cytokinesis and cell-autonomous immunity. Major progress has been made over the last years in elucidating the function and structure of mammalian DSPs.D. discoideumproduces at least eight DSPs, which are involved in membrane dynamics and other processes. The function and structure of these large GTPases has not been fully explored, despite the elaborate genetic and cell biological tools available forD. discoideum. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge about mammalian andD. discoideumDSPs, and we advocate the use of the genetically tractable amoeba to further study the role of DSPs in cell and infection biology. Particular emphasis is put on the virulence mechanisms of the facultative intracellular bacteriumLegionella pneumophila.
Selective Surface and Intraluminal Localization of Wnt Ligands on Small Extracellular Vesicles Released by HT-22 Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Torres Viviana I. , Barrera Daniela P. , Varas-Godoy Manuel , Arancibia Duxan , Inestrosa Nibaldo C.
Published: October 2021

The Wnt signaling pathway induces various responses underlying the development and maturation of the nervous system. Wnt ligands are highly hydrophobic proteins that limit their diffusion through an aqueous extracellular medium to a target cell. Nevertheless, their attachment to small extracellular vesicles-like exosomes is one of the described mechanisms that allow their transport under this condition. Some Wnt ligands in these vehicles are expected to be dependent on post-translational modifications such as acylation. The mechanisms determining Wnt loading in exosomes and delivery to the target cells are largely unknown. Here, we took advantage of a cell model that secret a highly enriched population of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), hippocampal HT-22 neurons. First, to establish the cell model, we characterized the morphological and biochemical properties of an enriched fraction of sEVs obtained from hippocampal HT-22 neurons that express NCAM-L1, a specific exosomal neuronal marker. Transmission electron microscopy showed a highly enriched fraction of exosome-like vesicles. Next, the exosomal presence of Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and Wnt7a was confirmed by western blot analysis and electron microscopy combined with immunogold. Also, we studied whether palmitoylation is a necessary post-translational modification for the transport Wnt in these vesicles. We found that proteinase-K treatment of exosomes selectively decreased their Wnt5a and Wnt7a content, suggesting that their expression is delimited to the exterior membrane surface. In contrast, Wnt3a remained attached, suggesting that it is localized within the exosome lumen. On the other hand, Wnt-C59, a specific inhibitor of porcupine O-acyltransferase (PORCN), decreased the association of Wnt with exosomes, suggesting that Wnt ligand acylation is necessary for them to be secreted by exosomes. These findings may help to understand the action of the Wnt ligands in the target cell, which could be defined during the packaging of the ligands in the secretory cell sEVs.