bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Flatlands: Synthesis, Characterization and Engineering of Two-Dimensional Materials
Authors: Lou Jun
Published: February 2020

In this talk, we report the controlled vapor phase synthesis of MoS2 atomic layers and elucidate a fundamental mechanism for the nucleation, growth, and grain boundary formation in its crystalline monolayers. The atomic structure and morphology of the grains and their boundaries in the polycrystalline molybdenum disulfide atomic layers are examined and first-principles calculations are applied to investigate their energy landscape. The electrical properties of the atomic layers are examined and the role of grain boundaries is evaluated. More importantly, if precise two-dimensional domains of graphene, h-BN and MoS2 atomic layers can be seamlessly stitched together, in-plane heterostructures with interesting electronic applications could potentially be created. Here, we show that planar graphene/h-BN heterostructures can be formed by growing graphene in lithographically-patterned h-BN atomic layers. Our approach can create periodic arrangements of domains with size that ranging from tens of nanometers to millimeters. The resulting graphene/h-BN atomic layers can be peeled off from their growth substrate and transferred to various platforms including flexible substrate. Finally, we demonstrate how self-assembled monolayers with a variety of end termination chemistries can be utilized to tailor the physical properties of single-crystalline MoS2 atomic-layers. Our data suggests that combined interface-related effects of charge transfer, built-in molecular polarities, varied densities of defects, and remote interfacial phonons strongly modify the electrical and optical properties of MoS2, illustrating an engineering approach for local and universal property modulations in two-dimensional atomic-layers.
Graphene Synthesis By Plasma Technique Toward Transparent Conductive Film Applications
Authors: Hasegawa Masataka , Kato Ryuichi , Okigawa Yuki , Isihara Masatou , Yamada Takatoshi
Published: February 2020

We developed the large-area microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of graphene for transparent electrode applications. This technique has been successfully combined with the roll-to-roll process to synthesize graphene on Cu substrates. Nucleation density of plasma CVD of graphene crystal is too high, which suppresses two-dimensional growth of graphene and leads to graphene flakes of several nanometer stacks in multiple layers. This causes low electrical conductivity of the synthesized graphene. The low concentration of carbon source is effective to reduce the nucleation density and to enlarge the crystal size. In this study, we utilize small amount of carbon delivered from Cu foil and/or the ambient in the reaction chamber as extremely low-concentration of carbon source and perform the synthesis of graphene of higher crystalline quality.

The carbon atoms precipitate on the Cu surface by the heat treatment of the Cu foil for 15 minutes at about 800°C. Then the copper foil was exposed to the hydrogen plasma for about 30 seconds under 5Pa to synthesize graphene on the foil. We did not use any carbon-contained gas such as CH4. The crystalline quality of graphene was successfully improved by using carbon atoms contained in the Cu foil and/or the ambient in the reaction chamber.

The synthesized graphene on Cu foil was transferred to the quartz or silicon substrate. After that, the van der Pauw devices for Hall Effect measurements were fabricated using conventional photolithography, metal deposition and lift-off processes. The fabricated devices show that the mobility is estimated to be more than 1000 cm2/Vs, which was dramatically improved from the previous plasma CVD using CH4 as source gas.

This work was partially supported by the Basic research and development of high quality graphene funded by NEDO.
Fast Direct Growth of Self-Crystallized Graphene-from Controllable Growth to Material Characterization and Device Applications
Authors: Chueh Yu-Lun
Published: February 2020

Graphene, one of the most attractive research topics in modern science owing to its fascinating electrical properties, has been attracted much attention. Its unique structure, two-dimensional honeycomb carbon lattice, enables high conductivity and transparency. This material is thus potentially expected to become a transparent conductive layer in optoelectrical applications and thus stimulates a lot of studies on the synthetic growth methods to requisitely develop high uniformity with high quality and simple process for industrial manufactory.

Common process for the synthesis of the graphene is typically based on heat chemical vapour deposition (CVD), for which carbon sources such as methane and acetylene are as precursors with metal-catalytic layers such as Cu or Ni foils. However, an additional complex transferred processes of the graphene layer on an insulator substrate from the metal-mediated layer are imperative steps for the device application, containing spinning coating of protective layer, etching of mediated layer, fishing of graphene layer, and removal of protective layer. Defects, such as cracks, wrinkles, and chemical residuals (Fe3+, polymer…etc.) can be readily formed during transferred processes, resulting in decease of electron mobility due to scattering behaviours by defects, thereby degrading device performance. Many transfer-free processes had been investigated to prevent these problems. The concept of back-side segregation by bulk or boundary diffusion had been applied to achieve the segregated graphene at interface between the substrate and the metal-mediated layer.

In this talk, a directly self-crystallized graphene layer with transfer-free process on arbitrary insulator by Ni vapor-assisted growth at growth temperatures between 950 to 1100 ºC via conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system was developed and demonstrated. Domain sizes of graphene were confirmed by Raman spectra from ~12 nm at growth temperature of 1000 ºC to ~32 nm at growth temperature of 1100 ºC, respectively. Furthermore, the thickness of the graphene is controllable, depending on deposition time and growth temperature. In addition, we also develop a new method to synthesize graphene and highly oriented graphite via Ni-catalyzed solid phase segregation using amorphous carbon as a resource by the rapid microwave heating process (RMHP) in air. By controlling input powers of the microwave, the annealing temperature could be controlled, enabling this synthesis to dissolve the carbon atoms into catalyst layer. With annealing under an adequate temperature in air, the carbon solute in the Ni will retard the formation of the NiO film on the surface by reduction process.
Performance Improvement of Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Abdel-Fattah Tarek M , Younes Enas m , Namkoong Gon , El-Maghraby E. M. , Elsayed Adly , Abo Elazm A. H.
Published: February 2020

Polymer solar cells (PSC) based on bulk heterojunction (BHJ) materials containing conjugated polymers and fullerene derivatives have large advantages of easy fabrication, and also have considerable potential in renewable energy resources [1–3]. The polymer solar cell efficiencies and their lifetimes can be improved by using metal oxides such as titanium suboxide TiOx or zinc oxide [4].

In this study, we fabricated polymer solar cells with two different bulk heterojunction (BHJ), thieno(3,4-b)-thiophene/ benzodithiophene copolymer,(6,6)-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7/PC71BM), poly (3- hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenylC71butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PC71BM). For the two PSC devices the TiOx interlayer was inserted between the active layer (BHJ) and metal electrode. The performance enhancement of the devices with and without interlayer was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-VIS measurements were used to investigate structural and optical properties of samples. The current–voltage (J-V) curves of the polymer solar cells with active area of ~ 10 mm2 were measured. We found that the TiOx layer improved the efficiency and stability of the devices compared with the same devices without TiOx interlayer. Also we observed that the PTB7/PC71BM/TiOx solar cell was much stable compared with P3HT/PC71BM/TiOx solar cell.

References:

[1] Y. Lu, C. Alexander, Z. Xiao, Y. Yuan, R. Zhang and J. Huang, Nanotechnology, 23, 2012, 344007.

[2] H. Sun, J. Weickert, H. C. Hesse, L. S.-Mende, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 95, 2011, 3450–3454.

[3] A. R. b. M. Yusoff, H. P. Kim, J. Jang, Organic Electronics, 14, 2013, 858–861.

[4] J. K. Lee, N. E. Coates, S. Cho, N. S. Cho, D. Moses, G. C. Bazan, K. Lee, and A. J. Heeger, Appl. Phys. Lett, 92, 2008, 243308.
Elastic-Carbon Encapsulation: A Strategy Toward High-Performance Iron Pyrite (FeS2) Cathodes in Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Yoder Tara S. , Tussing Matthew , Cloud Jacqueline E. , Yang Yongan
Published: February 2020

Iron pyrite (p-FeS2) has been widely utilized as a commercial cathode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for 30+ years, due to its high charge capacity, natural abundance, low cost, and non-toxicity. Industrialized versions include both non-rechargeable Li/FeS2 batteries at ambient temperatures (-40 – 60 °C) and rechargeable Li/FeS2 batteries at high temperatures (400 – 450 °C). However, FeS2 cathodes suffer from very poor cyclability at room temperature. Four specific reasons have been identified for this problem: 1) Volume fluctuations during cycling, resulting in pulverization of large particles and a subsequent loss of contact to the current collector; 2) poor electrical conductivity of the lithiation product, lithium sulfide; 3) detrimental reactions between the electrolyte solution and the active materials (FeS2and its subsequent derivatives); 4) the loss of materials due to the formation of soluble lithium polysulfides.

In this presentation, we will outline our strategy to address all of the above challenges for FeS2 through the encapsulation of FeS2 nanoparticles in an elastic carbon (EC) matrix. Two carbon sources are explored to produce an ideal EC matrix, which is chemically and mechanically stable, elastic, and conductive. These unique properties allow accommodation of the volume fluctuation, enhance the charge transfer, and protect the FeS2 from damaging chemical reactions. The obtained FeS2@EC composites present significantly improved cyclability over bare FeS2 nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclability studies are utilized to confirm the structure-performance relationship.
Improving Performance of Li-Ion Battery Anodes with Polymeric Coating
Authors: Wu Nae-Lih , Li Fu-Sheng , Wu Yu-Shiang , Chou Jackey
Published: February 2020

The properties of the interface between electrode active materials and electrolyte are known to have profound effects on the performance of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). A large amount of research has so far been devoted to modifying the surfaces of active materials in order to enhance the overall performance of the electrodes. Majority of the research has resorted to inorganic oxide coatings, presumably due to their chemical stability, and different beneficial effects have been claimed for both cathode and anode materials. Relatively far less progress has been reported for polymeric coating. Compared with the inorganic ones, the polymeric coatings typically require much lower processing temperature, and when used water as solvent, can be considered as more environmentally-friendly alternative. In addition, the rich chemistry of the polymeric coating intrinsically possess a greater flexibility for dealing with wide varieties of active materials and electrolytes for maximum performance.

For LIB anodes, there are two important issues to deal with for achieving high-energy and high-power performance. First, decomposition of electrolyte at the anode surface takes place at sufficient low potential leading to the formation of a passivation film, known as solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Formation of the SEI consumes Li ion inventory and hence reduces the overall capacity of the battery cell. Therefore, the amount of the stable SEI layer should theoretically kept at a minimum. Secondly, the power densities for the state-of-the-art graphite electrodes remain insufficient.

In this presentation, we will report our progress in developing polymeric coatings for LIB anodes, particularly for graphite and graphite/Si composite. It is demonstrated that the properties of the anodes in different aspects, such as chemical/electrochemical, mechanical, and wetting behaviors, can be dramatically changed with the combination of polymer chemistry. In particular, it is shown that both the cycle life (Fig. 1) and even the power performance (Fig. 2) of the anodes can be remarkably enhanced by simple polymer coating.
Evidence for Continuous Transformation in Mixed Manganese Iron Olivines
Authors: Xiang Kai , Ravnsbaek Dorthe Bomholdt , Xing Wenting , Li Zheng , Chiang Yet-Ming
Published: February 2020

In past two decades, tremendous research efforts have been devoted to understanding the phase transformation behavior of olivine type cathode materials, especially LiFePO4 (LFP). It is well known now that insertion/extraction of lithium in LFP is accompanied by a first-order phase transition between lithiated and delithiated states. Various reports have shown that there is 20~30mV voltage gap between charge and discharge within two-phase range. This voltage hysteresis is attributed to the energy barrier to form intermediate compositions on the single particle level and sequential particle-by-particle transition behavior on the multi-particle level. [1-8]

In comparison, LiMnyFe1-yPO4 (LMFP), which is isostructural to LFP, shows strikingly different phase transition behavior. Recent operando Synchrotron Radiation Powder X-Ray Diffraction (SR-PXD) study from our group revealed the formation of metastable solid solutions covering an extended composition range in LiMnyFe1-yPO4 (LMFP, y=0.1, 0.2, 0.4), indicating continuous transition behavior on single particle level and simultaneous transition behavior on multi-particle level. Under this scenario, the voltage hysteresis should be vanishingly small, if not zero. [9, 10]

In order to determine voltage hysteresis (or zero-current gap), the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of LMFP within the Fe(II)/Fe(III) phase transition region was measured after charging and after discharging to the same composition. The zero-current gap is the difference in OCV under these two conditions. We found that there is no zero-current gap or thermodynamic hysteresis in LMFP (y=0.1, 0.2, 0.4), as shown in Figure 1. This result indicates that the energy barrier for LMFP to accommodate intermediate composition on single particle level is negligible, resulting in continuous phase transition behavior despite the fact that the composition is well within the two-phase field. Also this result supports the hypothesis that phase transition in LMFP (y=0.1, 0.2, 0.4) takes place in many particles simultaneously.

This result may be correlated with the observation that LMFP (y<0.6) has better rate capability than LFP at high rates. Under extremely high rates, surface reaction/transport rather than bulk transport/transition may become rate-limiting. For similar materials, the exchange current density should be similar, hence reaction rate may be correlated with the effective surface area. With the phase transition taking place simultaneously in many particles, LMFP (y<0.6) should have higher active surface area and thus superior rate capability under high rates.
Electrochemical Properties of DLC Coated LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Cathode Material of All-Solid-State Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Visbal Heidy , Aihara Yuichi , Park Youngsin , Doo Seokgwang
Published: February 2020

The surface of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cathode material was coated with diamond like carbon (DLC) by chemical vapor deposition method, in order to prevent the side reaction at the interface for sulfide based all-solid state lithium-ion batteries. The DLC coated material showed a higher capacity with good cyclability and high rate performance. The interface resistance between the cathode active material and the solid electrolyte significantly decreases by DLC coating onto the NCA powder. The discharge capacity of DLC coated sample at 0.05C was 113 mAhg−1 while that of bared one was about 102 mAhg−1. The charge and discharge cut off potentials were 4.0 and 2.8 V, respectively. The thickness of the DLC coated layer was verified by transmission electron microscope (TEM), and was about 3`5 nm. The sp2 bonding ratio of the DLC coated LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 powder was estimated from the C-KELNES spectra to be 50`55%. DLC coating could avoid formation of an inactive layer when surface impurities of NCA react with the sulfide electrolyte to form at irreversible passivation byproduct. This layer of impurities obstructs the Li-ion transport at the interface, and therefore increases the interfacial resistance and decreases the rate capability for bare samples.

In this work, the diamond like carbon (DLC) coating were proposed for the first time as buffer coating layers for all-solid state battery. We demonstrated that the buffer layer is not needed to have a lithium conductivity to reduce the interface resistance between cathode material and sulfide based electrolyte.
Evaluation of Electrochemical Performance of Recovery Silicon from Waste Silicon Sludge As Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Jin Yun Ho , Park Kyung-Soo , Jung Hang Chul
Published: February 2020

Recently, in terms of Lithium ion battery market has been widely growing up from mobile IT devices into Electrical Vehicle market. The battery is the most important part in xEV than any other parts. Anode materials in lithium ion battery, those price evaluated about 10 % in composition of typical lithium ion battery. However, the price of anode parts including carbon or silicon materialss were very unstable. It absolutely relies on importation in korea. The silicon which has superior theoretical specific capacity than commercial anode materials (Si = 4200 mAh/g, Carbon = 372 mAh/g), To develop silicon based anode materials for lithium ion battery, raw material of silicon should be priceless and stable supply chain.

To figure out these unstable raw material market, we had been focused on waste silicon sludge which were gathered by process for silicon wafer back grinding. The waste silicon sludge were discarded over 2000 ton/year, all of them are currently buried in korea.

Waste silicon sludge were consists of wafer grinding materials, silicon, and water/oils. Herein, we recovered the silicon from waste silicon sludge and purified the silicon for lithium ion battery anode starting materials. Not only recovred silicon, also recovery silicon had been pulverized to nano-sized by beads-milling. these nano-sized recovery silicon induced that shorten lithium ion paths and large surface area. Malic acid was a chosen media for carbon coating on nano-sized recovery silicon surface. We analyzed among recovered silicon properties and its electrochemical performance.
Electrochemical and Local Structural Analysis of the Li3V(2-2x/3)Mgx(PO4)3/C (x=0, 0.15, 0.3, and 0.45) Cathode
Authors: Kim Soojeong , Zhang Zhengxi , Wang Senlin , Yang Li , Penner-Hahn James , Deb Aniruddha
Published: February 2020

Electrochemically stable phosphates promise high reversible capacity, high operating voltage, and good ion mobility and have the potential to provide electrochemically superior, environmentally friendly (Co-free) and affordable battery materials. Li3V(2−2x/3)Mgx(PO4)3/C (x=0, 0.15, 0.3, and 0.45) composite phosphate cathode materials show high reversible capacity, high operating voltage and good cycling stability. In order to understand the functioning of this cathode at the molecular level, we have determined the local vanadium structure as a function of charge state using in-situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XAS results verify for the charge compensation involves V cycling between V3+ and V5+ during charge and discharge and shows that these changes in oxidation/reduction are accompanied by modest changes in V-O bond length but little apparent change the overall local structure of the V and its neighboring atoms. In contrast, there is a significant change in local structure if the cut-off potential is increased from 4.5V to 4.8 V. Once the electrode has been charged to 4.8V it undergoes an irreversible conversion to a vanadyl-like structure. While the vanadium is still redox active, it is not converted back to the starting form, even at potentials as low as 2.0 V cut off region. Although the details of the behavior depend on the level of Mg doping, similar results are found for all samples. These data provide for the first time a molecular level explanation for the observation that vanadium phosphate batteries suffer irreversible capacity loss if charges above 4.5 V.
Building Ionic/Electronic Three-Dimensional Conductive Framework to Enhance the Electrochemical Performance of LiVPO4f Cathode for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jiexi , Li Xinhai , Guo Huajun , Wang Zhixing , Huang Bin
Published: February 2020

LiVPO4F has high charge-discharge plateau and good safety, making it a promising high-voltage cathode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs).1
,
2 Nevertheless, LiVPO4F suffers low electronic and ionic conductivity, which brings poor rate capability as well as cycle performance. Moreover, the reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface at high voltage with high oxidative V4+ causes low cycle property and low initial coulombic efficiency.3 Therefore, mastering the electrode/electrolyte interface is of great significance for application of LiVPO4F. Surface coating and bulk doping are usually used to overcome these issues in some well-known electrode materials. Coating with highly disperse graphene is able to effectively improve the electronic conductivity of the materials.4
,
5 Li3PO4 is a fast ionic conductor and is also used as inorganic coating material to enhance the ionic transmission of the electrode materials for LIBs.6 Also, Li3PO4 is expected to act as a barrier that restrains the side reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface at high voltage.7 In this report, we construct the ionic/electronic 3D conductive framework to enhance the comprehensive performance of LiVPO4F. As shown in the schematic diagram (Fig. 1), in this ideal architecture, the nano Li3PO4 are dispersed in the space of thin graphene layers, and the LiVPO4F particles are well wrapped by graphene. We expect the Li3PO4 and graphene co-coated LiVPO4F to deliver impressive electrochemical performance, including superior cycle performance, good rate capability, and high initial coulombic efficiency.

Reference

1. J. Wang, X. Li, Z. Wang, H. Guo, Y. Li, Z. He and B. Huang, J. Alloy. Compd.,
581,836 (2013).

2. J. Wang, X. Li, Z. Wang, H. Guo, Y. Zhang, X. Xiong and Z. He, Electrochim. Acta,
91,75 (2013).

3. X. Sun, Y. Xu, M. Jia, P. Ding, Y. Liu and K. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. A,
1,2501 (2013).

4. J. Wang, X. Li, Z. Wang, B. Huang, Z. Wang and H. Guo, J. Power Sources,
251,325 (2014).

5. H. Li and H. Zhou, Chem. Commun.,
48,1201 (2012).

6. L.-X. Yuan, Z.-H. Wang, W.-X. Zhang, X.-L. Hu, J.-T. Chen, Y.-H. Huang and J. B. Goodenough, Energ. Environ. Sci.,
4,269 (2011).

7. X. Li, R. Yang, B. Cheng, Q. Hao, H. Xu, J. Yang and Y. Qian, Mater. Lett.,
66,168 (2012).
Modified Carbide-Derived Carbon As Electrode Applications for Energy Storage System
Authors: Yeon Sun-Hwa , Yoon Ha-Na , Wook Ahn , Shin Kyoung-Hee
Published: February 2020

Carboneous materials have attracted great interest and are used as negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries due to more advantageous than lithium metal negative electrodes in terms of cycle performance by easy mobility of Li ion and safety. Recently, there has been a considerable demand for the development of long-life lithium secondary batteries for energy storage systems. In order to increase energy density lithium alloys with Sn and Si are mainly studied as negative electrode, which exhibit three times of that of the graphite. However, these metal negative electrodes suffer significant mechanical disintegration due to the drastic volumetric changes during lithium insertion and extraction. Carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) possess tunable pore structures and narrow pore size distributions in the 0.5-2 nm range that can be formed through selective etching of crystalline metal carbides. CDC can be modified by activation and high temperature vacuum process before and after CDC, which affords high specific areas, large pore volumes, and diverse structural changes. In this study, we introduce modified carbide-derived carbon (CDC) with tunable pore size, uniform pore structure and structural changes, as electrodes for energy storage devices.
Recycling of LIB: A New Separation Process for Lithium Ion Electrodes and Electrode Production Scraps
Authors: Hanisch Christian , Stieger Alexander Mathias , Loellhoeffel Thomas , Diekmann Jan , Haselrieder Wolfgang , Kwade Arno
Published: February 2020

The increasing demand of lithium ion batteries (LIBs), especially from growth in electric vehicle (EV) production, presents the need for recovery of active materials from spent lithium ion batteries and production rejects. To prevent a future shortage of lithium and other valuable raw materials, development of recycling processes for both the spent LIBs and the production rejects becomes crucial.

In contrast to existing recycling processes, the main goal of the presented process (Fig. 1) is to achieve a high recycling yield and to recover battery materials at battery grade quality. Lithium and electrolyte components should be recycled in addition to copper, cobalt and nickel.

The project spams the entire recycling process starting from the discharging and disassembly stages, and following through with mechanical, chemical and thermal processing (e.g. crushing, grinding, classification, sorting, and extraction) used to separate the battery into recyclable fractions.

In order to match the high purity standards of hydro-metallurgical processes for the production of battery active materials, the battery active materials have to be separated from the current collector foil very purely (Fig. 2).

For this purpose, a new separation process has been developed: Adhesion Neutralization via Incineration and Impact Liberation (ANVIIL). Firstly, a thermal degradation of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder of the electrodes is induced by heat under different atmospheres. Secondly, a new separation apparatus is used to apply impact stress on the electrode compounds to separate coating from foil and to integrate a fine classification step.

Using this separation process separation rates of over 99 % are reached. Furthermore, the separated coating can be re-gained with a very low contamination of aluminum from scraps of the current collector of under 0.1 % w/w. Subsequently, new battery active materials have been produced and characterized in battery test cells.
Influence of sputtering ion-beam current on the structure and ionic conductivity of LiPON solid-state electrolyte films
Authors: Li Guozhen
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Fabrication and Electrochemical Characteristics of Electrospun LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Nanofibers Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Hongwei , Ding Xia'nan , Yin Zhuang , Wang Xindong
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Towards High Energy Density and Stable Sulfur Cathodes for Room Temperature Na-S Batteries Nano-Copper-Assisted Immobilizing Sulfur in Microporous Carbon
Authors: Zheng Shiyou , Han Zhuo , Yang Junhe
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Strongly Coupled Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Host/Sulfur Guest for Highly-Stable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Peng Hong-Jie , Zhang Qiang , Huang Jia-Qi , Cheng Xin-Bing , Guo Meng-Qing , Yuan Zhe , He Lian-Yuan , Wei Fei
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Manganese-Based Spinels with Porous Nanostructures As Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Jun , Zhang Xiaolong , Yang Jingang , Cheng Fangyi , Tao Zhanliang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Redox Active Electrolyte for surface–oxygen of Carbon Based Materials
Authors: Mai Liqiang , Khan Aamir Minhas , Tian Xiaocong , Hercule Kalele Mulonda , Zhao Yunlong , Xu Lin , Xu Xu
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Graphene Oxide Self-Assembles into a Gel in the Salt Solution and Apply in Supercapacitor Withtwo-Electrode Cell Configuration
Authors: Chen Mingxi , Wang Huan , Li Lingzhi , Gao Jianping
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
α-MnO2 Nanowire Catalysts with Ultra-High Capacity and Extremely Low Overpotential in Lithium–air Batteries through Tailored Surface Arrangement
Authors: Song Kyeongse , Jung Jaepyeong , Heo Yoon-Uk , Cho Kyeongjae , Kang Yong-Mook
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Atomic-Level Manipulation of Multivalent Ion Intercalation Materials for High-Density Energy Storage
Authors: Yao Yan
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Improvement of Cycling Properties for Porous Si Powder Prepared By Acid Etching Al-Si Alloy Powder
Authors: Jiang Zhiyu , Li Chunli , Tian Wensheng , Zhang Ping
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
CNT Composite Electrode Materials for Lithium Storage Application
Authors: NI Jiangfeng , Gao Lijun
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 Solid Solution Materials Synthesized By Rheological Phase Reaction and Its Electrochemical Performance for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Jun-Tao , Sun Shigang , Huang Ling
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Performance of Vn/C Composites As Negative Electrode Materials in Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Zhang Hao
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Constructing Ppy/Acnts Composite Materials As Electrodes for High-Performance Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Fang Yan , Gao Hongquan , Kang Le , Li Huilin , Du Juan , Gao Biaofeng , Yang Jianhong
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis and Characterizations of High Density Cathode Materials Synthesized Via Supercritical Fluid Process
Authors: Devaraju Murukanahally Kempaiah , Honma Itaru
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of One-Dimensional LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Nanofibers Prepared By Electrospinning
Authors: Yin Zhuang , Zhou Hongwei , Ding Xia'nan , Wang Xindong
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Self-Discharge Study of LiSi/FeS2 Cells with Molten Lif-LiCl-LiBr Eutectic As Electrolyte
Authors: Liu Bo , Li Cheng , Zhao Xiaoling , Shi Jiachao , Zheng Yi
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Keynote Presentation: Selected Model Studies on Fuel Celland Li-02 Electrochemistry
Authors: Hoster Harry E.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Recent Progress for Room-Temperature Stationary Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Yong-Sheng
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Oxygen Electrocatalysis on the Pt-Modified Carbon
Authors: Härk Eneli , Jäger Rutha , Lust Enn
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Nanostructuring Catalysts to Enhance Electrocatalytic Performance for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Hu Jinsong , Wei Zidong , Wan Li-Jun
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
N-Doped Graphene As an Efficient Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Medium: Effects of Heat-Treatment Temperature and Catalyst Loading
Authors: Qiao Jinli
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Single-Source Precursor Synthesis of LaCoO3 from MOF and Its Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity in Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Yin Fengxiang , Li Guoru , Wang Hao
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Gd0.2Ce0.8O2−δ–Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ Composite Cathode for an Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Kao Wei-Xin , Lin Tai-Nan , Cheng Shih-Wei , Lee Maw-Chwain
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Three-Dimensional Modeling and Experimental Validation for Study of Species and Charge Transport Phenomena in a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Xindong
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Solar-to-Electric Conversion: Improved Performance of C N Codoped TiO2 in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Cui Xiaoli
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Dual-Layer LSM-YSZ/LSM Hollow Fiber for Micro Tubular SOFC with a Functional Cathode
Authors: Yang Naitao , Meng Xiuxia , Tan Xiaoyao , Ma Zi-Feng
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Effects of Oxygen-Containing Groups on Interfacial Electrochemistry of sp2-Hybridized Carbon Materials
Authors: Wang Wen-Jin , Yang Yong-Xue , Zhang Hong-Wan , Shi Kang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Keynote Presentation: Kinetics and Transport in Porous Biofuel Cell Electrodes
Authors: Calabrese Barton Scott , Li Hanzi , Wen Hao , Do Duyen
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Keynote Presentation: Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts: Recent Improvements for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction and the Oxidation of Ethanol and Methanol
Authors: Adzic Radoslav
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Keynote Presentation: Organic Redox Catalysts: Metal-Free Activations of C-H and N-H Bonds
Authors: Zeng Chengchu , Zhang Ni-Tao , Li Weicui , Li Chao , Xiao Huanlan
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Bioelectrochemistry of Urea to Ammonia for Energy Recovery and Wastewater Reclamation
Authors: Cabrera Carlos R , Nicolau Eduardo , Poventud Carlos , Flynn Michael , Acevedo Raul , Morales Camila , Morales Myreisa , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Ileana
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Remediation of Aqueous Contaminants Using diversified iron-Electrolysis Processes
Authors: Yang Nuo , Mao Xuhui , Xiao Wei , Wang Dihua , Zhu Hua
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemical Detection and Quantification of Lead and Nickel Traces Using a Boron Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Groenen Serrano Karine , Pujol Luca , Evrard David , Gros Pierre , Freyssinier Mathilde , Ruffien Ciszak Audrey
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Loss of Fine Airborne Particles Following through the Tubes Made of Different Materials
Authors: Liu Yuyu
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Modelling of Corrosion Inhibitor Efficiency of Carbon Steel in Seawater By Holographic Interferometry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Habib Khaled
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Dense and Alternately Stacked Coo/Graphene Composite through Pre-Aligned Graphene As a Next Generation Lib Anode
Authors: Prabakar Richard , Han Su Cheol , Pyo Myoungho
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Metal Oxide Based Enzymatic Biofuel Cell for Power Generation
Authors: Li Ya-Chieh , Leu Hoang-Jyh , Wu Shu-Yii
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Monitoring and Assessments of Nutrient Effects on Eutrophication in Lake George, Florida
Authors: Huang Wenrui
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemical Mechanism of the Room Temperature Sodium Sulfur Battery
Authors: Kim Icpyo , Park Jin-Young , Park Jin-Woo , Kim ChangHyeon , Noh Jaehong , Ahn Jae-Pyoung , Ahn Jou-Hyeon , Kim Ki-Won , Ahn Hyo-Jun
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Invited Presentation: New Aspects of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes for Battery Applications
Authors: Forsyth Maria , Howlett Patrick C , MacFarlane Douglas R
Published: February 2020

Reliable, safe and high performance electrolytes are a critical step in the advancement of high energy density secondary batteries such as lithium or sodium based devices. Ionic liquids (ILs) and their solid state cousins, organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs), offer unique and attractive properties (such as low volatility and flammability, high electrochemical stability, and high conductivity) that make them important candidates for a number of battery applications. ILs and OIPCs based on the Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (NTf2or TFSI) and the Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) anions coupled with pyrrolidinium or phosphonium cations have shown particularly advantageous properties in lithium metal cells, with respect to stability and reversibility.

Recently, FSI based electrolytes containing a high Li salt concentration (up to 3.2 mol.kg-1) were shown to successfully cycle Li | LiCoO2cells, with fast charging and discharging rate capability (up to 5 C rate at 25 °C), in spite of the high viscosity and relatively low conductivity of these solutions. This suggests that an alternative transport mechanism may be responsible for more rapid lithium transport in these highly concentrated electrolytes and further investigation of the physicochemical properties of these materials has been undertaken. On the other hand, OIPC solid state electrolytes based on FSI have also shown remarkably high stability and cyclability in lithium metal batteries. Phase behavior, dynamics and transport in these lithium containing OIPCs and ILs will be presented in addition to cell performance.

In recent years concerns about the sustainability of lithium supplies, and therefore its cost, have prompted researchers to consider other anodic metals such as sodium. This paper will also present temperature and concentration dependence of structure, dynamics and electrochemical behaviour in these sodium ion containing IL electrolytes based on NTF2 and FSI anions. For example cyclic voltammetry indicated a stable sodium cycling behavior with the current of 5 mA.cm-2 at 25 oC to 20 mA.cm-2 at 100 oC, with high reversibility in such an IL electrolyte.
Invited Presentation: Nanomaterials Design for Next Generation of Energy Storage
Authors: Cui Yi
Published: February 2020

Applications of energy storage in transportation and grid scale call for next generation of batteries with high energy, high power, long cycle life, good safety and low cost. The development of nanotechnology in the past two decades has generated great capability of controlling materials at the nanometer scale and has enabled exciting opportunities to design materials with desirable chemical and physical properties. In this talk, I will show how we design rationally nanostructured materials for next generation of batteries. Examples include high capacity silicon anodes and sulfur cathodes, aqueious open framework electrodes and lithium-polysulfide semiflow batteries for grid storage. Novel concepts of self-healing and smart batteries with better safety will also be discussed.
Silicon@Graphene-Embedded Nanofibers As High-Performance Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: G Kannan Aravindaraj , Kim Dong-Won
Published: February 2020

The growing demand for high-performance energy storage devices for applications in electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage devices requires dramatic improvement in the energy density as well as power density. Silicon-based anodes hold promise for such high-end applications due to its high theoretical capacity and its abundant availability in earth’s crust. However, silicon anodes are well-known to exhibit problems such as electrode pulverization due to its huge volume expansion during cycling, poor cycle life and unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Much research has been focused on improving the performance of silicon anodes using novel materials design such as controlling the particle dimension (0D, 1D and 2D), particle embedded in hollow carbon spheres as well as alloying with metals. Here, we adopt the strategy of covalent attachment of silicon nanoparticles on graphene surface, which are embedded in the polymer matrix to form nanofibrous structures. Graphene sheets covalently anchoring uniform-sized silicon nanoparticles act as conducting matrix as well as buffer to accommodate volume expansion. In addition, the nanofibrous structure along with the polymer layer further suppresses pulverization of the electrode upon cycling. Detailed characterization of the prepared hybrid material and its performance as an anode in lithium ion cell will be presented.

[References]

[1] H. Wu, G. Zheng, N. Liu, T. J. Carney, Y. Yang, Y. Cui, Nano Lett., 12 (2012) 904.

[2] S. Murugesan, J. T. Harris, B. A. Korgel, K. J. Stevenson, Chem. Mater. 24 (2012) 1306.

[3] C. K. Chan, H. Peng, G. Liu, K. McIlwrath, X. F. Zhang, R. A. Huggins, Y. Cui, Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 (2008) 31.
Continuous Fabrication of Graphene-Tin Dioxide Materials through a Vapor Reaction Process
Authors: Feng Jianmin , Dong L , Han Yan , Li Xifei , Li Dejun
Published: February 2020

Graphene-tin dioxide (SnOx) nanocomposites were prepared by tin tetrachloride (SnCl4) and graphene oxides (GO) using a vapor reaction process. The SnCl4 vapor was carried into the reaction chamber via flowed argon through a bubble method. GO was dispersed in a mixture of water and ethanol, injected into an argon flow, and was then carried into the reaction chamber. At high temperature (say 800-1000 °C), GO was directly reduced to graphene nanosheets, simultaneously, the reaction between SnCl4 and water in a quartz tube resulted in graphene-tin dioxide nanocomposites. SEM and TEM observations indicate that the resultant materials are homogenous with SnOx nanoparticles assembling into clusters that are either directly attached or loaded onto the graphene. Electrochemical testing demonstrated that as-prepared nanocomposites could effectively increase cyclic performance and rate capability of tin dioxide anode compared to pristine tin dioxide anode for lithium ion batteries.
Porous Nanowired Co3O4 Anode Increasing Lithium Ion Battery Performance
Authors: Dong Litian , Li Dejun , Dong L , Zhao Mengli , Han Yan , Feng Jian min , Dong L , Li Xifei
Published: February 2020

Porous cobalt oxide (Co3O4) has been a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries because of its excellent redox activity, high specific capacity, and relatively low cost. In this study, porous nanowired Co3O4 was successfully synthesized on the 3D porous nickel foam substrate using a facile hydrothermal approach. The porous nanowired structure of Co3O4 was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the anode phase structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). During charge/discharge processes, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was performed to investigate electrochemical reaction of Co3O4 with lithium. As expected, the proposed porous nanowired anode obtained good cyclic performance and rate capability under galvanostatic charge/discharge test. Our results demonstrated that this anode design could effectively improve Co3O4 anode performance resulting from the special porous nanostructure and the high contact area of the anode with electrolyte.
Effect of Current Density on Nucleation and Morphology of Lithium during Electrodeposition in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Sano Hikaru , Sakaebe Hikari , Senoh Hiroshi , Matsumoto Hajime
Published: February 2020

Lithium metal is very attractive anode material but the dendrite formation during charging prevents the batteries with lithium metal anode from wide commercialization. Our group has focused on some room-temperature ionic liquids as electrolytes from the viewpoint of high stability at the negative potential of Li/Li+. In the present study, the morphology of electrodeposited lithium in the ionic liquids was investigated by ex situ SEM observations. The effect of current density on lithium dendrite formation was figured out.

The electrolytes are prepared by addition of 10 wt.% of Li[Tf2N] to [C3mpip][Tf2N], [C4mpyr][Tf2N], and [N6,1,1,1][Tf2N] (see Figure). Two-electrode cells were fabricated, using nickel foils as working electrodes and lithium foils as counter electrodes. Lithium metal was electrodeposited with the current density from 5 to 200 μA cm-2 for total coulomb amount of 3 C cm-2. The morphology of electrodeposited lithium on each working electrode was observed by ex situ SEM after washing with dimethylcarbonate (see Figure).

For the cell with [C3mpip][Tf2N], when the current density was higher than 50 μA cm-2, the needle like deposits were observed and the deposits were apparently thought to have grown from a semisphere-like nuclei.1 When the current density was higher than 50 μA cm-2 for the cell with [N6,1,1,1][Tf2N], and was higher than 100 μA cm-2 with [C4mpyr][Tf2N], the needle like deposits were also observed and the deposits were thought to have grown from a semisphere like nuclei.1

The results for the lithium deposit morphology obtained from each cell with three ionic liquids were discussed with lithium-ion diffusion coefficient of the electrolytes, and we concluded as follows; The deposits were better distributed with decreased size when the current density was increased in the current range where the deposition was charge-transfer controlled. With higher current density where the deposition was diffusion controlled, deposits were more distributed but large and dendritic. The current density dependency of the lithium deposition behavior from ionic liquid are very similar to the case with noble metal deposition from aqueous solution, which is due to the high stability of the ionic liquid used in this study at the negative potential of Li/Li+.

[1] H. Sano, et al., ECS Electrochem. Lett., to be submitted.
Synthesize and Application of Novel Nano-Hierarchical Hollow Manganese Oxide Anode Material with Outstanding Performance for Sodium Ion Battery
Authors: Weng Yu-Ting , Kuo Chao-Yen , Hwang Bing-Joe , Wu Nae-Lih
Published: February 2020

Based on the wide availability and low cost of sodium, ambient temperature sodium–ion batteries (SIBs) have the potential for meeting large scale grid energy storage needs. In addition, since sodium is so abundant, SIBs could provide an alternative chemistry to lithium batteries. However, many anode materials for lithium–ion batteries (LIBs) have not yet been explored for SIBs. Among several kinds of metal oxide anode materials, manganese (Mn) salts are naturally abundant, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. The utilization of MnOx or their composites as anode material for SIBs is a prospect that should not be neglected. However, most of transition metal oxide anodes suffer from low rate performance and fast capacity fade due to their poor electronic conductivity and large volume changes during the conversion reaction. Nanostructured materials have the potential for achieving high capacity and rate capability resulting from the large specific surface area and the short electronic and ionic transport length in nanoscale.

For the first time, we have prepared hierarchical hollow MnO2 by utilizing a SiO2-templating hydrothermal process. Different from the conventional methods, the SiO2 was only partially dissolved so that the residue serves as a framework to support MnO2. The results revealed that the novel hollow nanostructure MnO2 electrode had a specific charge capacity as large as 499 mAh/g at 0.1 C-rate, and it unprecedentedly demonstrates good cycling stability, retaining 89.4% capacitance after 500 cycles at 1 C-rate at 50 oC.