bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology of the Vieussens valve and its imaging in cardiac multislice computed tomography
Authors: Żabówka Anna , Hołda Jakub , Strona Marcin , Koziej Mateusz , Krawczyk‐Ożóg Agata , Jasińska Katarzyna A. , Kuniewicz Marcin , Lelakowski Jacek , Hołda Mateusz K.
Published: June 2019

Introduction

To deliver accurate morphological descriptions of the Vieussens valve (VV) and to investigate whether this structure could be visualized using standard contrast‐enhanced electrocardiogram‐gated multislice computed tomography (MSCT).

Methods

A total of 145 human autopsied hearts and 114 cardiac MSCT scans were examined.

Results

The VV was observed in both study groups, however, the detection rate was significantly worse in the MSCT examination (18.4% in MSCT vs 62.1% in cadavers, P < .0001). The VV height was larger in MSCT patients (2.8 ± 1.2 vs 5.4 ± 1.7 mm; P < .0001). No significant difference was found in the measured distance between the VV and the coronary sinus ostium between the two separate subgroups (27.3 ± 9.5 vs 24.4 ± 5.8 mm; P = .18). In autopsied material the most frequent valve location was the anterior wall of the coronary sinus (43.3%); the same was observed in MSCT scans (71.4%).

Conclusion

The VV is a common heart structure, present in over 60% of humans, located mainly on the anterior and superior circuit of the coronary sinus, with relatively high morphological variability. Large VVs, which pose a significant obstacle in catheterization procedures, may be visualized using standard‐protocol contrast‐enhanced cardiac MSCT.
Studies on Woloszynskioid Dinoflagellates X: Ultrastructure, Phylogeny and Colour Variation in Tovellia rubescens n. sp. (Dinophyceae)
Authors: Pandeirada Mariana S. , Craveiro Sandra C. , Daugbjerg Niels , Moestrup Øjvind , Domingues Pedro , Calado António J.
Published: June 2019

The external morphology and internal cell fine structure of a new species of Tovelliaceae, Tovellia rubescens n. sp., is described. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial LSU rDNA sequences place the new species in a clade containing Tovellia species that accumulate red pigments and identify T. aveirensis as its closest known relative. Cells of T. rubescens n. sp. were mostly round and had the cingulum located near the middle, with its ends displaced about one cingular width. Small numbers of distinctly flat cells appeared in culture batches; their significance could not be determined. Cells of the new species in culture batches progressively changed from a yellowish‐green, mainly due to chloroplast colour, to a reddish‐brown colour that appeared associated with lipid bodies. The switch to a reddish colour happened earlier in batches grown in medium lacking sources of N or P. Pigment analyses by HPLC‐MS/MS revealed the presence of astaxanthin and astaxanthin‐related metabolites in the new species, but also in T. aveirensis, in which a reddish colour was never observed. The chloroplast arrangement of T. rubescens n. sp. resembled that of T. aveirensis, with lobes radiating from a central pyrenoid complex. The flagellar apparatus and pusular system fell within the general features described from other Tovelliaceae. A row of microtubules interpretable as a microtubular strand of the peduncle was present. Spiny resting cysts with red contents and an ITS sequence identical to that of cultured material of the new species were found in the original locality.
Analyzing Hospital Transfers Using INTERACT Acute Care Transfer Tools: Lessons from MOQI
Authors: Popejoy Lori L. , Vogelsmeier Amy A. , Alexander Greg L. , Galambos Colleen M. , Crecelius Charles A. , Ge Bin , Flesner Marcia , Canada Kelli , Rantz Marilyn
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVES

We explored the differences in potentially avoidable/unavoidable hospital transfers in a retrospective analysis of Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers (INTERACT) Acute Transfer Tools (ACTs) completed by advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) working in the Missouri Quality Improvement (QI) Initiative (MOQI).

DESIGN

Cross‐sectional descriptive study of 3996 ACTs for 32.5 calendar months from 2014 to 2016. Univariate analyses examined differences between potentially avoidable vs unavoidable transfers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of candidate factors identified those contributing to avoidable transfers.

Setting

Sixteen nursing homes (NHs), ranging from 120 to 321 beds, in urban, metro, and rural communities within 80 miles of a large midwestern city.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 5168 residents with a median age of 82 years.

MEASUREMENTS

Data from 3946 MOQI‐adapted ACTs.

RESULTS

A total of 54% of hospital transfers were identified as avoidable. QI opportunities related to avoidable transfers were earlier detection of new signs/symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.61‐3.42; P < .001); discussions of resident/family preference (OR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.38‐3.25; P < .001); advance directive/hospice care (OR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.33‐3.82; P = .003); better communication about condition (OR = 4.93; 95% CI = 3.17‐7.68; P < .001); and condition could have been managed in the NH (OR = 16.63; 95% CI = 10.9‐25.37; P < .001). Three factors related to unavoidable transfers were bleeding (OR = .59; 95% CI = .46‐.77; P < .001), nausea/vomiting (OR = .7; 95% CI = .54‐.91; P = .007), and resident/family preference for hospitalization (OR = .79; 95% CI = .68‐.93; P = .003).

CONCLUSION

Reducing avoidable hospital transfers in NHs requires challenging assumptions about what is avoidable so QI efforts can be directed to improving NH capacity to manage ill residents. The APRNs served as the onsite coaches in the use and adoption of INTERACT. Changes in health policy would provide a revenue stream to support APRN presence in NH, a role that is critical to improving resident outcomes by increasing staff capacity to identify illness and guide system change. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1953–1959, 2019
Leveraging Home‐Delivered Meal Programs to Address Unmet Needs for At‐Risk Older Adults: Preliminary Data
Authors: Morris Andrea M. , Engelberg Jessa K. , Schmitthenner Brenda , Dosa David , Gadbois Emily , Shield Renee R. , Akobundu Uche , Thomas Kali S.
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Home‐delivered meal programs serve a predominantly homebound older adult population, characterized by multiple chronic conditions, functional limitations, and a variety of complex care needs, both medical and social.

DESIGN

A pilot study was designed to test the feasibility of leveraging routine meal‐delivery service in two home‐delivered meal programs to proactively identify changes in older adult meal recipients’ (clients’) health, safety, and well‐being and address unmet needs.

INTERVENTION

Meal delivery personnel (drivers) were trained to use a mobile application to submit electronic alerts when they had a concern or observed a change in a client's condition. Alerts were received by care coordinators, who followed up with clients to offer support and help connect them to health and community services.

RESULTS

Over a 12‐month period, drivers submitted a total of 429 alerts for 189 clients across two pilot sites. The most frequent alerts were submitted for changes in health (56%), followed by self‐care or personal safety (12%) and mobility (11%). On follow‐up, a total of 132 referrals were issued, with most referrals for self‐care (33%), health (17%), and care management services (17%). Focus groups conducted with drivers indicated that most found the mobile application easy to use and valued change of condition monitoring as an important contribution.

CONCLUSION

Findings suggest that this is a feasible approach to address unmet needs for vulnerable older adults and may serve as an early‐warning system to prevent further decline and improve quality of life. Efforts are underway to test the protocol across additional home‐delivered meal programs. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1946–1952, 2019
Prostate Laser Photovaporization in Older People With and Without Bladder Catheter
Authors: Moiroud Martin , Ait Said Khelifa , Vaudreuil Lionel , Alharbi Feras , Leon Gregoire , Tillou Xavier
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVES

To compare results of prostate laser photovaporization (PVP) by age groups to evaluate morbidity and functional results. Then, to specifically analyze surgical data for patients with an indwelling bladder catheter.

DESIGN

Monocentric retrospective study of a prospective maintained database of all laser PVPs performed at our university hospital between December 2012 and June 2017.

SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS

A total of 305 patients (three groups: younger than 70, 70‐80, and older than 80 years) were operated on in our hospital center for the treatment of urinary tract disorders related to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESULTS

A difference was found between the three age groups, with a higher rate of complications for patients older than 80 years (45%) (P = .013). Rate of patients with postoperative bladder catheters at 1 year was higher for patients older than 80 years (15%) (P = .004). Postoperative quality‐of‐life (QoL) score was worse for patients older than 80 years (P = .04).

For patients with an indwelling bladder catheter undergoing surgery, morbidity was greater in patients older than 80 years, but the difference was not significant. International Prostate Symptom Score and QoL score were not significantly different between the three groups.

Rate of patients with a remaining bladder catheter at 1 year was higher for patients older than 80 years (17.1% vs 7.1% for patients between 70 and 80, and 4.8% for patients under 70.) but with no statistical difference.

CONCLUSION

PVP had a greater morbidity in octogenarians compared to younger subjects. Functional results were less satisfactory for patients older than 80 years compared to younger ones. For subjects operated on with an indwelling bladder catheter, no significant difference in outcome and morbidity was found between the three groups. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1888–1894, 2019
Photodynamic therapy for severe facial acne vulgaris with 5% 5‐aminolevulinic acid vs 10% 5‐aminolevulinic acid: A split‐face randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Xiaohui , He Ya , Wu Xiaoyan , Huang Jiamin , Huang Huaiqiu , Lu Chun
Published: June 2019

Background

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been described as an effective treatment for severe acne. However, very little evidence exists on the optimal concentration of ALA used in PDT for severe acne.

Objectives

To compare the efficacy and safety of PDT with 5% ALA vs 10% ALA in severe acne.

Methods

Twenty‐three patients with severe facial acne were randomly assigned to receive PDT with 5% ALA or 10% ALA on the left or right side of the face. Four PDT sessions were conducted with a light dose of 96 J/cm2. The reduction rates of lesion counts between the two groups were compared at the week‐4 and week‐12 follow‐up visits. Effective rate at the week‐12 visit was the primary clinical outcome. Pain and other side effects were evaluated at each visit.

Results

The decrease in inflammatory lesions in the 10% ALA group was greater than that in the 5% ALA group at both week‐4 (79.2% vs 62.5%, P = 0.009) and week‐12 follow‐up visits (88.5% vs 78.3%, P = 0.018), while the decrease in noninflammatory lesion counts between the two groups was not statistically significant at each follow‐up visit. The effective rate in the 10% ALA group was significantly higher than that in the 5% ALA group (95.7% vs 69.6%, P = 0.02). No significant difference was observed in pain scores between the two groups except in the first treatment session.

Conclusions

Photodynamic therapy using 10% ALA was more effective for severe acne than PDT using 5% ALA.
Functional and molecular effects of a green tea constituent on oral cancer cells
Authors: Belobrov Simone , Seers Christine , Reynolds Eric , Cirillo Nicola , McCullough Michael
Published: June 2019

Background

Green tea is heavily consumed on a global basis for its health benefits. The active ingredient, (‐)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), is a major polyphenol demonstrated to inhibit the growth of various non‐oral cancer cell lines and interfere with the carcinogenic process, including downregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Our aim was to determine the phenotypic changes of oral cancer cells treated with EGCG and concurrently assess the effect on EGFR expression and activation.

Methods

Oral cancer cells (H400 and H357) were treated with 10 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL of EGCG for up to 72 hours. Phenotypic changes were assessed by performing cell proliferation analysis and cell migration (Transwell) assays. Expression of EGFR and its phosphorylated form (p‐EGFR) was determined by Western blotting.

Results

Cell proliferation of both cell lines was significantly reduced at 48hrs when treated with 20 µg/mL EGCG. However, after 72 hours of treatment the effect of EGCG on cell proliferation ceased. Treatment of both cell lines with 10 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL of EGCG resulted in significant reduction in cell migration. Mechanistically, EGFR expression did not change significantly after treatment with EGCG; however, there was a reduction in its phosphorylated form.

Conclusion

EGCG transiently inhibits both cell proliferation and migration of oral cavity cancer cells. This effect is associated with a decrease in the expression of phosphorylated EGFR. It is possible that more frequent bursts of EGCG could result in a persistent and sustained cancer inhibition, but this requires further research for clarification.
Isolation by resistance analysis reveals major barrier effect imposed by the Tsinling Mountains on the Chinese wood frog
Authors: Atlas J. E. , Fu J.
Published: June 2019

Amphibians are excellent model systems for studying how heterogeneous landscapes drive population differentiation. Though mountain ridges have been widely implicated as barriers to amphibian dispersal, a landscape genetic study by Zhan et al. (BMC Genet, 10, 2009, 17) indicated that the Tsinling Mountains of northwestern China did not significantly impede gene flow of the Chinese wood frog (Rana chensinensis). Using their published genetic data, we re‐assessed the impact of elevation, land cover, and roads on the Chinese wood frog using an isolation by resistance (IBR) approach, which allows for the modeling of complex and heterogeneous landscapes unavailable in classical population genetic analysis. We developed a novel method for optimization of IBR analysis using Circuitscape involving initial permutation‐based optimization of the correlation coefficient obtained through partial Mantel tests, followed by subsequent sensitivity analysis to improve upon the model’s biological relevance. Our results indicated that mountain ridges indeed functioned as barriers to dispersal of Chinese wood frogs, and that previous conclusions were based on methodological limitations. Furthermore, a prominent threshold effect at elevations from 1500–2000 m was evident, with elevations below this range minimally impeding gene flow and higher elevations having a significant barrier effect. We suggest that a combination of expert opinion, sensitivity analysis, and permutation‐based optimization procedures in landscape genetic studies will likely generate models that are both highly explanatory and biologically relevant.
SPID: A New Database for Inferring Public Policy Innovativeness and Diffusion Networks
Authors: Boehmke Frederick J. , Brockway Mark , Desmarais Bruce A. , Harden Jeffrey J. , LaCombe Scott , Linder Fridolin , Wallach Hanna
Published: June 2019

Despite its rich tradition, there are key limitations to researchers' ability to make generalizable inferences about state policy innovation and diffusion. This paper introduces new data and methods to move from empirical analyses of single policies to the analysis of comprehensive populations of policies and rigorously inferred diffusion networks. We have gathered policy adoption data appropriate for estimating policy innovativeness and tracing diffusion ties in a targeted manner (e.g., by policy domain, time period, or policy type) and extended the development of methods necessary to accurately and efficiently infer those ties. Our state policy innovation and diffusion (SPID) database includes 728 different policies coded by topic area. We provide an overview of this new dataset and illustrate two key uses: (i) static and dynamic innovativeness measures and (ii) latent diffusion networks that capture common pathways of diffusion between states across policies. The scope of the data allows us to compare patterns in both across policy topic areas. We conclude that these new resources will enable researchers to empirically investigate classes of questions that were difficult or impossible to study previously, but whose roots go back to the origins of the political science policy innovation and diffusion literature.
Advances in nanotechnology for sustainable aquaculture and fisheries
Authors: Shah Bakht Ramin , Mraz Jan
Published: June 2019

In recent years, aquaculture is considered a fastest‐blooming global food industry, playing a crucial role in fulfilling the increased demand for animal protein requirements. However, disease prevalence, chemical contamination, environmental degradation and ineffective feed utilization are the factors that drastically hinder the outcome of this sector in aiding to achieve global food security. In this regard, new avenues have been paved in science and technology to cope with these challenges in aquaculture. Among these, nanotechnology has emerged a tremendous potential to improve aquaculture with novel nanotools. This review critically analyses the advances in the application of nanoparticles and emulsion‐based systems to fish disease prevention, water purification and delivery of nutrients. On the other hand, as the use of antibiotics and other chemical antimicrobial agents, synthetic compounds as growth enhancers not only leads to aquaculture pollution but also consumer's reluctance. Therefore, the importance of ecofriendly, non‐toxic natural strategies to promote sustainable aquaculture has also been highlighted.
Assessment of the optimal age for a preventive ultrasonographic screening of the uterine health in bitches
Authors: Melandri Monica , Barella Gabriele , Alonge Salvatore
Published: June 2019

Studies about prevalence of uterine pathologies in bitches are scarce. Although correlation between age and uterine disorders was documented, the most suitable age for a preventive sonographic screening has not been proposed yet. Present study aimed to estimate the eligible age for an ultrasonographic screening of uterine abnormalities in dogs. Data regarding ultrasound examination and clinical records of non‐pregnant intact females were retrospectively analysed. The age of each bitch was expressed as age ratio (actual/maximum age expected for the respective breed). The cut‐off age ratio was determined by a ROC curve for overall uterine abnormalities. Frequencies of different abnormalities below and over the cut‐off derived from the ROC curve were calculated and statistically analysed by chi‐Square and OR. Prevalence of three categories of ultrasonographic findings was as follows: cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) 18%; uterine collections (UC) 10.5%; masses (M) 1.3%. By the cut‐off age ratio (0.325), derived by ROC curve (AUC = 0.91; SP 84.23%; SE 79.2%; PPV 83.4%; NPV 80%), 228 cases were divided into two subgroups: bitches over (exposed group: n.83) and below cut‐off (control group: n.145). All abnormalities resulted more frequent in exposed group: OR was 24.96 (p < 0.0001: 71.1% over vs. 9% below cut‐off) for overall abnormalities; 13.68 (p < 0.0001: 40.9% vs. 4.8%) for CEH; 6.13 (p < 0.002: 21.7% vs. 4.1%) for UC; 12.65 (p = 0.09: 3.6% vs. 0%) for M. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia represents the most common finding in adult bitches, followed by UC. A preventive sonographic screening for uterine abnormalities should start from 33% of expected longevity to preventively select animals requiring further evaluations.
Clostridium difficile shedding by healthy dogs in Nigeria and Malawi
Authors: Weese J. Scott , Mshelbwala Philip Paul , Lohr Frederic
Published: June 2019

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Clostridium difficile shedding in owned dogs in Nigeria and Malawi. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 31/120 (26%) dogs in Nigeria and 11/92 (12%) dogs in Malawi (p = 0.012). Overall, 22/42 (52%) isolates were toxigenic; 17/31 (55%) from Nigeria and 5/11 (45%) from Malawi. All toxigenic isolates possessing tcdA and tcdB, and only one also possessed cdtA/B. Sixteen different ribotypes were found, ten (63%) of which were non‐toxigenic. Most isolates corresponded to ribotypes that have been previously identified in humans or livestock. The role of dogs in transmission of C. difficile and the clinical implications of C. difficile shedding in dogs remain unclear. These data indicate that dogs could act as a source of C. difficile for exposure of other species, including humans; however, the true risk is unknown. Further study of the ecology of C. difficile and the role of dogs in disease of humans and other domestic animals is indicated.
Modeling Gas–Liquid Flow Between Rotating and Nonrotating Annular Disks
Authors: Pardeshi Irsha , Shih Tom I-P.
Published: June 2019

When a liquid is forced to flow radially outward in the gap between two coaxial, parallel annular disks—one rotating and one stationary—the liquid occupies the entire gap until the speed of the rotating disk reaches a critical value. Beyond that critical speed, gas from the outer radius starts to enter into the gap, a process referred to as aeration. The higher the rotational speed, the greater is the extent of penetration by the gas into the gap. The extent of gas penetration strongly affects the torque exerted between the two disks because of the large difference in the gas and liquid viscosities. In this study, a reduced-order model is developed to predict the onset of aeration, extent of gas penetration into the gap, and drag torque as a function of the disk's rotational speed, gap between disks, properties of the liquid, and mass flow rate of the liquid forced through the gap. The model developed was validated by comparing predictions with experimental data.
Entry Length Requirements for Two- and Three-Dimensional Laminar Couette–Poiseuille Flows
Authors: Owolabi Bayode E. , Dennis David J. C. , Poole Robert J.
Published: June 2019

In this study, we examine the development length requirements for laminar Couette–Poiseuille flows in a two-dimensional (2D) channel as well as in the three-dimensional (3D) case of flow through a square duct, using a combination of numerical and experimental approaches. The parameter space investigated covers wall to bulk velocity ratios, r, spanning from 0 (purely pressure-driven flow) to 2 (purely wall driven-flow; 4 in the case of a square duct) and a wide range of Reynolds numbers (Re). The results indicate an increase in the development length (L) with r. Consistent with the findings of Durst et al. (2005, “The Development Lengths of Laminar Pipe and Channel Flows,” ASME J. Fluids Eng., 127(6), pp. 1154–1160), L was observed to be of the order of the channel height in the limit as Re→0, irrespective of the condition at the inlet. This, however, changes at high Reynolds numbers, with L increasing linearly with Re. In all the cases considered, a uniform velocity profile at the inlet was found to result in longer entry lengths than in a flow developing from a parabolic inlet profile. We show that this inlet effect becomes less important as the limit of purely wall-driven flow is approached. Finally, we develop correlations for predicting L in these flows and, for the first time, also present laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements of the developing as well as fully-developed velocity profiles, and observe good agreement between experiment, analytical solution, and numerical simulation results in the 3D case.
Coupled Dynamics of Cable-Harnessed Structures: Experimental Validation
Authors: Yerrapragada Karthik , Salehian Armaghan
Published: June 2019

The experimental study and model validations for the coupled dynamics of a cable-harnessed beam structure are presented. The system under consideration consists of multiple pretensioned cables attached along the length of the host beam structure positioned at an offset distance from the beam centerline. Analytical model presented by the coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) for various coordinates of vibrations is found, and the displacement frequency response functions (FRFs) obtained for both Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko-based models are compared to those from the experiments for validation. The results are shown to be in very good agreement with the experiments.
Methodology for Hemodynamic Assessment of a Three-Dimensional Printed Patient-Specific Vascular Test Device
Authors: D'Souza Gavin A. , Taylor Michael D. , Banerjee Rupak K.
Published: June 2019

Assessing hemodynamics in vasculature is important for the development of cardiovascular diagnostic parameters and evaluation of medical devices. Benchtop experiments are a safe and comprehensive preclinical method for testing new diagnostic endpoints and devices within a controlled environment. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing have enhanced benchtop tests by allowing generation of patient-specific and pathophysiologic conditions. We used 3D printing, coupled with image processing and computer-aided design (CAD), to develop a patient-specific vascular test device from clinical data. The proximal pulmonary artery (PA) tree including the main, left, and right pulmonary arteries, with a stenosis within the left PA was selected as a representative anatomy for developing the vascular test device. Three test devices representing clinically relevant stenosis severities, 90%, 80%, and 70% area stenosis, were evaluated at different cardiac outputs (COs). A mock circulatory loop (MCL) generating pathophysiologic pulmonary pressure and flow was used to evaluate the hemodynamics within the devices. The dimensionless pressure drop–velocity ratio characteristic curves for the three stenosis severities were obtained. At a fixed CO, the dimensionless pressure drop increased nonlinearly with an increase in (a) the velocity ratio for a fixed stenosis severity and (b) the stenosis severity at a specific velocity ratio. The dimensionless pressure drop observed in vivo was similar (within 1%) to that measured in moderate area stenosis of 70% because both flows were viscous dominated. The hemodynamics of the 3D printed test device can be used for evaluating diagnostic endpoints and medical devices in a preclinical setting under realistic conditions.
Reducing the Loss of Velocity and Power in Women Athletes via Rest Redistribution
Authors: Merrigan Justin J. , Tufano James J. , Oliver Jonathan M. , White Jason B. , Fields Jennifer B. , Jones Margaret T.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To examine rest redistribution (RR) effects on back squat kinetics and kinematics in resistance-trained women. Methods: Twelve women from strength and college sports (5.0 [2.2] y training history) participated in the randomized crossover design study with 72 hours between sessions (3 total). Participants completed 4 sets of 10 repetitions using traditional sets (120-s interset rest) and RR (30-s intraset rest in the middle of each set; 90-s interset rest) with 70% of their 1-repetition maximum. Kinetics and kinematics were sampled via force plate and 4 linear position transducers. The greatest value of repetitions 1 to 3 (peak repetition) was used to calculate percentage loss, [(repetition 10–peak repetition)/(peak repetition) × 100], and maintenance, {100–[(set mean–peak repetition)/(peak repetition)] × 100}, of velocity and power for each set. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for analyses (P < .05). Results: Mean and peak force did not differ between conditions. A condition × repetition interaction existed for peak power (P = .049) but not for peak velocity (P = .110). Peak power was greater in repetitions 7 to 9 (P < .05; d = 1.12–1.27) during RR. The percentage loss of velocity (95% confidence interval, –0.22% to –7.22%; P = .039) and power (95% confidence interval, –1.53% to –7.87%; P = .008) were reduced in RR. Mean velocity maintenance of sets 3 (P = .036; d = 1.90) and 4 (P = .015; d = 2.30) and mean power maintenance of set 4 (P = .006; d = 2.65) were greater in RR. Conclusion: By redistributing a portion of long interset rest into the middle of a set, velocity and power were better maintained. Therefore, redistributing rest may be beneficial for reducing fatigue in resistance-trained women.
The Constituent Year Effect in European Track and Field Masters Athletes: Evidence of Participation and Performance Advantages
Authors: Helsen Werner F. , Medic Nikola , Starkes Janet L. , Williams Andrew M.
Published: June 2019

Inequalities in relative age distribution have previously been demonstrated to influence participation and performance achievements in Masters athletes. The purpose of the present study was to examine the participation- and performance-related constituent year effect among Masters athletes (N = 2,474) from the European Masters Track and Field Championships across subdisciplines and age. The results indicated that a participation-related constituent year effect was observed. The likelihood of participation was significantly higher for athletes in their first year of any 5-year age category (χ2 = 149.8, p < .001) and decreased significantly when they were in the fourth or fifth year. The results also indicated a performance-related constituent year effect. Masters athletes in their first year won significantly more medals than expected based on observed participation rate (χ2 = 23.39, p < .001). We compare our results with the existing literature and discuss potential mechanisms for this constituent year effect.
Negotiations Between Preservice Classroom Teachers and Students During a Physical Education Early Field Experience
Authors: McEntyre Kelsey , Curtner-Smith Matthew D. , Baxter Deborah S.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To describe the patterns of negotiation engaged in by preservice classroom teachers (PCTs) and their students during a physical education early field experience. Method: The participants were 16 PCTs enrolled in the early field experience. They taught a variety of content within six lessons to second- and fourth-grade students. Data were collected using six qualitative methods and analyzed using analytic induction and constant comparison. Results/Conclusions: Seven PCTs were relatively effective negotiators, whereas nine PCTs were relatively ineffective. The PCTs’ negotiation skills were influenced by their comfort with physical education, pedagogical knowledge, content knowledge, and pedagogical content knowledge. The negotiations initiated by the PCTs and their students were similar to those described in previous studies. The type and amount of student-initiated negotiation was influenced by their gender, age, skill level, and content taught. The implications for preparing PCTs to teach physical education are discussed.
Health-Related Fitness Monitoring Practices in Secondary School-Based Physical Education Programs
Authors: O’ Keeffe Brendan T. , MacDonncha Ciaran , Ng Kwok , Donnelly Alan E.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To examine the prevalence of and approaches to monitoring health-related physical fitness (HRPF) in secondary school-based physical education programs. Methods: Physical education teachers (N = 327; 56.6% females) from 235 secondary schools (33.1% of national total) in the Republic of Ireland completed a survey designed specifically for the purposes of this study. Results: HRPF tests were used by 95.3% of teachers. A significant decline in the testing frequency was observed from the junior grades (age 13–15 years) to the senior grades (age 16–18 years) (p < .001). Just over half (51.7%) of the teachers discarded the test results after a single use. Less than one third of the teachers indicated that they shared the test results with the students’ parents. The vast majority (87.0%) of the teachers agreed that the development of a digital platform would facilitate monitoring test results over time. Conclusions: HRPF testing is highly prevalent in secondary schools. More actions are needed to ensure that teachers use pedagogically sound student-centered approaches toward monitoring HRPF, with a focus on learning that may lead to more positive testing experiences for students. Consideration should be given to the development of digital platforms to facilitate monitoring and reporting HRPF.
Submicrometer elasticity of double-stranded DNA revealed by precision force-extension measurements with magnetic tweezers
Authors: Shon Min Ju , Rah Sang-Hyun , Yoon Tae-Young
Published: June 2019

A multifaceted improvement of molecular tweezers finds that GC-rich DNAs appear stiffer, while methylation softens them.
Monsoonal control on a delayed response of sedimentation to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Zhang Fei , Jin Zhangdong , West A. Joshua , An Zhisheng , Hilton Robert G. , Wang Jin , Li Gen , Densmore Alexander L. , Yu Jimin , Qiang Xiaoke , Sun Youbin , Li Liangbo , Gou Longfei , Xu Yang , Xu Xinwen , Liu Xingxing , Pan Yanhui , You Chen-Feng
Published: June 2019

A sediment record reveals a 2-year delayed response following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, attributed to monsoon rainfall.
The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs
Authors: Ren Meng , Tang Zihua , Wu Xinhua , Spengler Robert , Jiang Hongen , Yang Yimin , Boivin Nicole
Published: June 2019

Chemical analysis reveals early ritual cannabis smoking in the eastern Pamirs by 2500 years ago.
Sodium chloride on the surface of Europa
Authors: Trumbo Samantha K. , Brown Michael E. , Hand Kevin P.
Published: June 2019

Spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope show evidence for sodium chloride in material likely sourced from Europa’s interior.
Microglia seeding the brain for α-synuclein pathology
Authors: Gallardo Gilbert
Published: June 2019

The prion-like mechanism for spreading α-synuclein pathology may be facilitated by microgliosis in Parkinson’s disease.
Identification of Small Molecules Exhibiting Oxacillin Synergy through a Novel Assay for Inhibition of
vraTSR
Expression in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Lee Hyun , Boyle-Vavra Susan , Ren Jinhong , Jarusiewicz Jamie A. , Sharma Lalit Kumar , Hoagland Daniel T. , Yin Shaohui , Zhu Tian , Hevener Kirk E. , Ojeda Isabel , Lee Richard E. , Daum Robert S. , Johnson Michael E.
Published: June 2019

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) strains that are resistant to all forms of penicillin have become an increasingly common and urgent problem threatening human health. They are responsible for a wide variety of infectious diseases ranging from minor skin abscesses to life-threatening severe infections. The
vra
operon that is conserved among
S. aureus
strains encodes a three-component signal transduction system (
vraTSR
) that is responsible for sensing and responding to cell wall stress.
A New Suite of Allelic-Exchange Vectors for the Scarless Modification of Proteobacterial Genomes
Authors: Lazarus Jacob E. , Warr Alyson R. , Kuehl Carole J. , Giorgio Rachel T. , Davis Brigid M. , Waldor Matthew K.
Published: June 2019

Targeted modification of bacterial genomes is critical for genetic analysis of microorganisms. Allelic exchange is a technique that relies on homologous recombination to replace native loci with engineered sequences. However, current allelic-exchange vectors often enable only weak selection for successful homologous recombination. We developed a suite of new allelic-exchange vectors, pTOX, which were validated in several medically important proteobacteria. They encode visible nonfluorescent chromoproteins that enable easy identification of colonies bearing integrated vectors and permit stringent selection for the second step of homologous recombination. We demonstrate the utility of these vectors by using them to investigate the effect of inactivation of
Serratia marcescens
peptidoglycan amidohydrolases on β-lactam antibiotic resistance.
Whole-Genome Sequence of
Monascus purpureus
GB-01, an Industrial Strain for Food Colorant Production
Authors: Kumagai Toshitaka , Tsukahara Masatoshi , Katayama Naoya , Yaoi Katsuro , Aburatani Sachiyo , Ohdan Kohji , Fujimori Kazuhiro E.
Published: June 2019

We report the draft genome sequence of
Monascus purpureus
GB-01, an industrial strain used as a food colorant.
De novo
assembly of long reads resulted in 121 chromosomal contigs and 1 mitochondrial contig, and sequencing errors were corrected by paired-end short reads. This genome sequence will provide useful information for azaphilone pigments and mycotoxin citrinin biosynthesis.
Draft Genome Sequence of Alkalicoccus saliphilus DSM 15402
T
, a Haloalkaliphilic Bacterium Isolated from a Mineral Pool
Authors: Qiu Dacheng , Liao Ziya , Lu Weidong , Wang Haisheng , Li Jun , Zhao Baisuo
Published: June 2019

The haloalkaliphilic bacterium
Alkalicoccus saliphilus
DSM 15402
T
was isolated from a mineral pool. It grows aerobically at an optimum of 15% (wt/vol) salinity and pH 9.0. The draft genome consists of approximately 3.52 Mb and contains 3,434 predicted genes. Various genes are potentially involved in the adaptation mechanisms for both osmotic stress and pH homeostasis, providing insight into specific adaptations to this double-extreme environment.
Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequence of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain SA9, Isolated from a Slaughterhouse Chicken Carcass in South Africa
Authors: Amoako Daniel G. , Somboro Anou M. , Abia Akebe Luther King , Allam Mushal , Ismail Arshad , Bester Linda A. , Essack Sabiha Y.
Published: June 2019

Here, we describe the genomic sequence of a drug-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
sequence type 239 (ST239) strain, SA9, isolated from a slaughterhouse chicken carcass in South Africa, including information about its antibiotic resistome, virulome, efflux genes, clonal lineage, and mobilome. This genomic information offers vital insights for the control of drug-resistant
S. aureus
.
Failure of drip and suck in postoperative ileus: a faulty non-perforated NG tube
Authors: Bristow David , Shaw James
Published: June 2019

A 55-year-old woman developed a postoperative ileus with associated nausea and vomiting following an elective laparotomy. A wide bore nasogastric (NG) tube was inserted for gastric decompression and symptom relief. Aspiration of the tube was unsuccessful and the patient continued to vomit. Imaging to investigate the acute abdomen demonstrated the nasogastric tube to be correctly sited and within pooled gastric contents. Gentle initial attempts were made to unblock the NG but to no avail and therefore it was removed. On inspection it was discovered that the NG tube had no distal perforations to allow drainage, causing failure and increasing the patient’s risk of aspiration. The aim of this report is draw attention to the importance of scrutinising all medical equipment prior to use to prevent avoidable and potentially serious patient harm.
Social work education and training in mental health, addictions and suicide: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kourgiantakis Toula , Sewell Karen , McNeil Sandra , Logan Judith , Lee Eunjung , Adamson Keith , McCormick Megan , Kuehl Dale
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Social workers are among the largest group of professionals in the mental health workforce and play a key role in the assessment of mental health, addictions and suicide. Most social workers provide services to individuals with mental health concerns, yet there are gaps in research on social work education and training programmes. The objective of this scoping review is to examine literature on social work education and training in mental health, addictions and suicide.

Methods and analysis

Using a scoping review framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley, we will search for literature through seven academic databases: PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, CINAHL Plus, Social Sciences Abstracts, Education Source, ERIC and Social Work Abstracts. Two independent reviewers will screen articles utilising a two-stage process. Titles and abstracts will be reviewed in the first stage and full texts will be reviewed in the second stage. Selected articles that meet inclusion criteria will be charted to extract key themes and they will be analysed using a qualitative thematic analysis approach.

Ethics and dissemination

This review will fill a knowledge gap in social work education and training in mental health, addictions and suicide. Ethics approval is not required for this scoping review. Through dissemination in publications and relevant conferences, the results may guide future research and education in social work.
Spatial patterns and determinants of postnatal care use in Ethiopia: findings from the 2016 demographic and health survey
Authors: Sisay Malede Mequanent , Geremew Tesfahun Taddege , Demlie Yeshambel Worku , Alem Asaye Tariku , Beyene Desalew Kassahun , Melak Melkitu Fentie , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Ayele Tadesse Awoke , Andargie Asrat Atsedeweyn
Published: June 2019

Objective

Postnatal care (PNC) is essential for preventing maternal and newborn deaths; however, it still remains less well recognised in low-income and middle-income countries. This study was aimed to explore geographical patterns and identify the determinants of PNC usage among women aged 15–49 years in Ethiopia.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. A total of 7193 women were included in this analysis. We employed spatial scan statistics to detect spatial inequalities of PNC usage among women. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with women’s PNC.

Results

The prevalence of PNC usage among women was 6.9% (95% CI 6.3% to 7.5%). The SaTScan spatial analysis identified three most likely clusters with low rates of PNC use namely southwestern Ethiopia (log likelihood ratio (LLR)=18.07, p<0.0001), southeast Ethiopia (LLR=14.29, p<0.001) and eastern Ethiopia (LLR=10.18, p=0.024). Women with no education (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR)=0.55, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.84) and in the poorest wealth quantile (AOR=0.55, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.78) were less likely to use PNC, while women aged 35–49 years (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.04) and with at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.71 to 3.29) were more likely to use PNC.

Conclusion

PNC usage remains a public health problem and has spatial variations at regional levels in the country. Low prevalence of PNC was detected in the Somali, Oromia, Gambella and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR) regions. Women with low educational status, old age, being in poorest wealth quantile and history of ANC visits were significantly associated with PNC usage. Hence, it is better to strengthen maternal health programmes that give special emphasis on health promotion with a continuum of care during pregnancy.
Risk factors for predicting progression from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Lina , Zhou Xianglian , Wen Xiaohong , Zhen Xueting
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often represents the earliest stage of Alzheimer’s disease. There has been considerable research investigating specific risk factors regarding the progression from normal cognition to MCI. However, different studies have come to different conclusions on the impact of particular risk factors. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a meta-analysis of the risk factors that predict cognitive disruption in individuals based on associations with MCI.

Methods and analysis

We will search seven electronic databases without time limit, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wan Fang Database and China Biology Medicine. Two researchers will independently screen for eligibility and perform data extraction. Data were extracted from cohort studies meeting the inclusive criteria according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) methods. A third member of the research team will be contacted when a consensus cannot be reached. Any disagreement will be settled by consensus. The NOS will be used to assess the quality of the studies. All analyses were performed using Stata V.15.1.

Ethics and dissemination

We will report this review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. We will disseminate our findings through a publication in a peer-reviewed journal. This systematic review does not require ethical approval as no primary data are collected.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018109099.
Healing the Past by Nurturing the Future—co-designing perinatal strategies for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents experiencing complex trauma: framework and protocol for a community-based participatory action research study
Authors: Chamberlain Catherine , Gee Graham , Brown Stephanie Janne , Atkinson Judith , Herrman Helen , Gartland Deirdre , Glover Karen , Clark Yvonne , Campbell Sandra , Mensah Fiona K , Atkinson Caroline , Brennan Sue E , McLachlan Helen , Hirvonen Tanja , Dyall Danielle , Ralph Naomi , Hokke Stacey , Nicholson Jan
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Child maltreatment and other traumatic events can have serious long-term physical, social and emotional effects, including a cluster of distress symptoms recognised as ‘complex trauma’. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) people are also affected by legacies of historical trauma and loss. Trauma responses may be triggered during the transition to parenting in the perinatal period. Conversely, becoming a parent offers a unique life-course opportunity for healing and prevention of intergenerational transmission of trauma. This paper outlines a conceptual framework and protocol for an Aboriginal-led, community-based participatory action research (action research) project which aims to co-design safe, acceptable and feasible perinatalawareness, recognition, assessmentandsupportstrategies for Aboriginal parents experiencing complex trauma.

Methods and analysis

This formative research project is being conducted in three Australian jurisdictions (Northern Territory, South Australia and Victoria) with key stakeholders from all national jurisdictions. Four action research cycles incorporate mixed methods research activities including evidence reviews, parent and service provider discussion groups, development and psychometric evaluation of a recognition and assessment process and drafting proposals for pilot, implementation and evaluation. Reflection and planning stages of four action research cycles will be undertaken in four key stakeholder workshops aligned with the first four Intervention Mapping steps to prepare programme plans.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics and dissemination protocols are consistent with the National Health and Medical Research Council Indigenous Research Excellence criteria of engagement, benefit, transferability and capacity-building. A conceptual framework has been developed to promote the application of core values of safety, trustworthiness, empowerment, collaboration, culture, holism, compassion and reciprocity. These include related principles and accompanying reflective questions to guide research decisions.