bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proof‐of‐concept randomized controlled trial of single‐session nitrous oxide treatment for refractory bipolar depression: Focus on cerebrovascular target engagement
Authors: Kim William S. H. , Dimick Mikaela K. , Omrin Danielle , Mitchell Rachel H. B. , Riegert Daniel , Levitt Anthony , Schaffer Ayal , Belo Susan , Iazzetta John , Detzler Garfield , Choi Mabel , Choi Stephen , Herrmann Nathan , McIntyre Roger S. , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Orser Beverley A. , Goldstein Benjamin I.
Published: December 2022

Background

There remain few efficacious treatments for bipolar depression, which dominates the course of bipolar disorder (BD). Despite multiple studies reporting associations between depression and cerebral blood flow (CBF), little is known regarding CBF as a treatment target, or predictor and/or indicator of treatment response, in BD. Nitrous oxide, an anesthetic gas with vasoactive and putative antidepressant properties, has a long history as a neuroimaging probe. We undertook an experimental medicine paradigm, coupling in‐scanner single‐session nitrous oxide treatment of bipolar depression with repeated measures of CBF.

Methods

In this double‐blind randomized controlled trial, 25 adults with BD I/II and current treatment‐refractory depression received either: (1) nitrous oxide (20 min at 25% concentration) plus intravenous saline (n = 12), or (2) medical air plus intravenous midazolam (2 mg total; n = 13). Study outcomes included changes in depression severity (Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores, primary) and changes in CBF (via arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging).

Results

There were no significant between‐group differences in 24‐h post‐treatment MADRS change or treatment response. However, the nitrous oxide group had significantly greater same‐day reductions in depression severity. Lower baseline regional CBF predicted greater 24‐h post‐treatment MADRS reductions with nitrous oxide but not midazolam. In region‐of‐interest and voxel‐wise analyses, there was a pattern of regional CBF reductions following treatment with midazolam versus nitrous oxide.

Conclusions

Present findings, while tentative and based on secondary endpoints, suggest differential associations of nitrous oxide versus midazolam with bipolar depression severity and cerebral hemodynamics. Larger studies integrating neuroimaging targets and repeated nitrous oxide treatment sessions are warranted.
Exclusion Despite Nominal Inclusion: A Critical Analysis of Participatory Development Programmes in Post‐War Colombia
Authors: Bachmann Theresa
Published: December 2022

Citizen participation takes centre stage in Colombia's 2016 peace agreement. Its practical implementation, however, has proven difficult. This case study examines targets and tactics of exclusion in participatory development programmes established under the peace accords. Drawing on qualitative data generated between 2021 and 2022 in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, this article argues that exclusion affects societal (sub‐)groups, organisations and communities as a whole and involves a large array of implicit‐elusive, direct‐explicit and coercive mechanisms. This matters for implementing inclusive peacebuilding more generally.
Hydrothermal silicification and hypogene dissolution of an exhumed Neoproterozoic carbonate sequence in Brazil: Insights from fluid inclusion microthermometry and silicon‐oxygen isotopes
Authors: Pisani Luca , Koltai Gabriella , Dublyansky Yuri , Kleine Barbara I. , Whitehouse Martin J. , Skrzypek Etienne , Carbone Cristina , Spötl Christoph , Antonellini Marco , Bezerra Francisco H. , De Waele Jo
Published: December 2022

Hypogene dissolution‐precipitation processes strongly affect the petrophysical properties of carbonate rocks and fluid migration pathways in sedimentary basins. In many deep carbonate reservoirs, hypogene cavernous voids are often associated with silicified horizons. The diagenesis of silica in carbonate sequences is still a poorly‐investigated research topic. Studies exploring the complexity of silica dissolution‐precipitation patterns in hypogene cave analogues are therefore fundamental to unravel the diagenetic and speleogenetic processes that may affect this kind of reservoir. In this work, we investigated an exhumed and silicified Neoproterozoic carbonate sequence in Brazil hosting a 1.4 km‐long cave. Quartz mineralization and silicified textures were analyzed with a multidisciplinary approach combining petrography, fluid inclusion microthermometry, silicon‐oxygen stable isotope analyses and U‐Th‐Pb dating of monazite crystals. We found that an early silicification event caused the replacement of the dolostone layers with micro‐crystalline quartz forming chert nodules. This event was likely associated with mixing fluids (ancient Neoproterozoic seawater and hydrothermal solutions sourced from the underlying Mesoproterozoic basement) at relatively low temperatures (ca. 50–100°C) and shallow depth. After the tectonic deformation produced by the Brasiliano orogeny, silica dissolution was promoted by high temperature and alkaline hydrothermal solutions rising from the quartzite basement along deep‐rooted structures. Hypogene hydrothermal alteration promoted the dissolution of the cherty layers and the precipitation of chalcedony and megaquartz. Homogenization temperatures from primary fluid inclusions in megaquartz cement indicate minimum formation temperatures of 165–210°C. Similar temperature estimates (110–200°C) were obtained from the δ30Si and δ18O isotope systematics of quartz precipitated from hydrothermal solutions. The dissolved salts in the fluid inclusions were evaluated as NaCl + CaCl2 from microthermometric data combined with cryogenic Raman spectroscopy, corresponding to salinity ranging between 17 and 25 wt.%. No reliable age constraints for hydrothermal silica dissolution‐precipitation phases were obtained from monazite U‐Th‐Pb dating. However, our results, interpreted in the regional context of the São Francisco Craton, suggest that the Cambrian tectono‐thermal events could have been amongst the possible drivers for this hypogene process in the basin.
The importance of parent self‐regulation and parent–child coregulation in research on parental discipline
Authors: Lunkenheimer Erika , Sturge‐Apple Melissa L. , Kelm Madison R.
Published: December 2022

Parent self‐regulation (PSR) is multifaceted, involving emotional, cognitive, and biological processes that support or constrain parenting behavior. It is highly relevant to disciplinary contexts in which parents' regulatory difficulties can contribute to harsh discipline, which is linked to children's maladjustment. In this article, we address why parents' self‐regulation is an essential focus for basic and applied research on parental discipline. We emphasize the need to (1) incorporate and test multiple domains of PSR to understand their respective and interactive contributions and (2) understand how PSR interfaces with parent–child coregulation in delineating mechanistic pathways of the effects of harsh discipline on children's adjustment. These foci will more fully inform the etiology of children's maladjustment related to harsh discipline and knowledge regarding specific, malleable intervention targets aimed at reducing harsh discipline.
Looked after children's right to contact with birth parents: An Australian study
Authors: Healy Karen , Walsh Tamara , Venables Jemma , Thompson Kate
Published: December 2022

In Australia, there are more than 46 000 children in out‐of‐home care (OOHC). Most of these children have been in OOHC for more than 2 years. Similarly, there are more than 407 000 children in the United States and over 80 800 in England who are ‘looked after’ with approximately one third of these children being in OOHC for more than 2 years. This paper concerns ‘looked after’ children's rights to contact with their birth parents. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) requires child protection systems to recognize the rights of children to maintain contact with their families except where this is not in the child's ‘best interests’. In this paper, we report on a qualitative study conducted in Australia exploring legal and family support practitioners' perceptions of barriers to contact between children in OOHC and their birth parents. The thematic analysis identified four themes: These were as follows: a focus on systems driven responses; lack of cultural recognition and responsiveness; carers' disconnection from birth parents; and parents' exclusion. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding and recognizing children's right to contact with birth parents.
Ste20‐like kinase activity promotes meiotic resumption and spindle microtubule stability in mouse oocytes
Authors: Song Ke , Jiang Xiuying , Xu Xiangning , Chen Ye , Zhang Jiaqi , Tian Ying , Wang Qian , Weng Jing , Liang Yuanjing , Ma Wei
Published: December 2022

Ste20‐like kinase (SLK) is involved in cell proliferation and migration in somatic cells. This study aims to explore SLK expression and function in mouse oocyte meiosis. Western blot, immunofluorescence, Co‐immunoprecipitation, drug treatment, cRNA construct and in vitro transcription, microinjection of morpholino oilgo (MO) and cRNA were performed in oocytes. High and stable protein expression of SLK was detected in mouse oocyte meiosis, with dynamic distribution in the nucleus, chromosomes and spindle apparatus. SLK phosphorylation emerges around meiotic resumption and reaches a peak during metaphase I (MI) and metaphase II. SLK knockdown with MO or expression of kinase‐dead SLK K63R dramatically delays meiotic resumption due to sequentially suppressed phosphorylation of Polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1) and cell division cycle 25C (CDC25C) and dephosphorylation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). SLK depletion promotes ubiquitination‐mediated degradation of paxillin, an antagonist to α‐tubulin deacetylation, and thus destroys spindle assembly and chromosome alignment; these phenotypes can be substantially rescued by exogenous expression of SLK kinase active fragment. Additionally, exogenous SLK effectively promotes meiotic progression and spindle assembly in aging oocytes with reduced SLK. Collectively, this study reveals SLK is required for meiotic resumption and spindle assembly in mouse oocyte meiosis.
A rare cause of pulmonary hypertension: Idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis obstructing right pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins
Authors: Sonsoz Mehmet Rasih , Atamaner Oya , Inan Duygu , Kilicgedik Alev
Published: December 2022

Fibrosing mediastinitis is caused by a proliferation of fibrous tissue in the mediastinum with encasement of mediastinal viscera and compression of mediastinal bronchovascular structures. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) may occur as a severe complication of the disease. Herein, we report a patient diagnosed with fibrosing mediastinitis and pulmonary hypertension, whose imaging tests showed obstruction of right pulmonary artery and veins.
The influence of viral protein R amino acid substitutions on clinical outcomes in people living with HIV: A systematic review
Authors: Asia Levanco K. , Jansen Van Vuren Esmé , Williams Monray E.
Published: December 2022

Background

The HIV viral protein R (Vpr) is a multifunction protein involved in the pathophysiology of HIV‐1. Recent evidence has suggested that Vpr amino acid substitutions influence the pathophysiology of HIV‐1 and clinical outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH). Several studies have linked Vpr amino acid substitutions to clinical outcomes in PLWH; however, there is no clear consensus as to which amino acids or amino acid substitutions are most important in the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes in PLWH. We, therefore, conducted a systematic review of studies investigating Vpr amino acid substitutions and clinical outcomes in PLWH.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched according to PRISMA guidelines using a search protocol designed specifically for this study.

Results

A total of 22 studies were included for data extraction, comprising 14 cross‐sectional and 8 longitudinal studies. Results indicated that Vpr amino acid substitutions were associated with specific clinical outcomes, including disease progressions, neurological outcomes and treatment status. Studies consistently showed that the Vpr substitution 63T was associated with slower disease progression, whereas 77H and 85P were associated with no significant contribution to disease progression.

Conclusions

Vpr‐specific amino acid substitutions may be contributors to clinical outcomes in PLWH, and future studies should consider investigating the Vpr amino acid substitutions highlighted in this review.
Divergent litter traits of riparian plant species between humid and drier biomes within the tropics
Authors: Sena Guilherme , Tonin Alan M. , Caliman Adriano , Callisto Marcos , Hamada Neusa , Hepp Luiz U. , Kowalczuk Vânia L. , Martins Renato T. , Medeiros Adriana O. , Morais Paula B. , Moretti Marcelo , Moretto Yara , Petrucio Mauricio M. , Salgueiro Laís , Carneiro Luciana S. , dos Santos Gisele M. , Junior Edson S. A. , Feitoza Lorrane A. M. , Gonçalves José F.
Published: December 2022

Riparian forests provide abundant plant litter – mostly in the form of dead leaves (hereafter litter) – for both forest soils and adjacent stream ecosystems, supporting terrestrial and aquatic detritus‐based food webs. Although the fate of litter is predominantly dependent on its chemical and physical traits, there is limited availability of data on those traits over large spatial scales or empirical comparisons of traits across tropical biomes. We filled this gap by exploring the differences and similarities of nine litter traits and their dependence on phylogenetics for 68 plant species from riparian forests across three continental‐scale, South American biomes: Amazon, Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. All three biomes produced litter with similar percentages of carbon (C) and phosphorus (P), C:P mass ratios, specific leaf area and toughness. However, litter from the driest biome (Cerrado) was better defended chemically (higher phenolic content) and had lower nutritional quality (higher C:nitrogen [N] mass ratio) but showed lower nutritional limitation (lower N:P mass ratio) than litter from more humid biomes. We found no phylogenetic signal for traits after constructing a phylogenetic tree across all biomes, suggesting that trait differences across biomes were environmentally determined. However, a strong phylogenetic signal was observed for P in the Atlantic Forest, which indicates that closely related species have similar %P in that biome. Our findings suggest that litter from more humid biomes was higher in nitrogen, although more phosphorus‐limited, than litter produced in drier climates such as that of the Cerrado biome.
First report of Botrytis leaf blight caused by Botrytis cinerea on Aucuba japonica in China
Authors: Rui Lin , Kong Wei‐Liang , Sun Xiao‐Rui , Wu Xiao‐Qin
Published: December 2022

In May 2019, Aucuba japonica var. variegata, known as an evergreen shrub, was found to have multiple leaf spots in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China. A fungus was isolated from the margins of the lesions and one isolate JS‐RL3 was selected for identification and pathogenicity tests. The morphological characteristics of the fungus were similar to Botrytis cinerea. Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated sequences of ITS and G3PDH also showed that isolate JS‐RL3 clustered with strains of B. cinerea, a relationship supported by a 100% bootstrap value. This report is the first of B. cinerea causing leaf spots on A. japonica var. variegata.
How a Government Organisation Evolved to Embrace Ethnographic Methods for Service (and Team) Resilience: The Case of the Canadian Digital Service
Authors: NAIK MITHULA , MACARTHUR COLIN
Published: December 2022

Government websites and online services are often built with limited input from the people they serve. This approach limits their ability to respond to ever changing needs and contexts. This case study describes a government digital team built from the ground‐up to embrace ethnographic methods to make government services more resilient.

The case study begins by tracing the organisation's origins and relationship to other research‐driven parts of its government. Then it shows how the organisation's structure evolved as more projects included ethnography. It describes various approaches to locating skilled researchers within bureaucratic confines, as well as what responsibilities researchers took on as the organisation grew. It then summarises researchers' experiences with matrixed, functional and hybrid organisation schemes.

The case study concludes explaining how embracing ethnographic approaches (and values) increased not only online service, but also organisational resilience. Teams who embraced ethnography had deeper and more thoughtful responses to the pandemic, and inclusivity challenges in the organisation. Lessons learned for other organisations attempting to scale an ethnographic research practice, and seize its benefits for resilience.
Designing and Envisioning a More Resilient Social System: How to Start from What's Good to Create Something Better in Public Services
Authors: CARVALHO SOFIA
Published: December 2022

Segurança Social (Portugal's Social Security System) offers multiple service channels to the people. However, they were not perceived as a whole because the assistance was not standard, depending on the channel or person answering—leading to cumulative problems that could take months to resolve.

We faced the complex nature of a big governmental organization. Our research made us more aware of people's general reluctance towards public institutions as they tend to expect poor quality service. We used the information from field research to create four prototypes that would bring tangible results to citizens and impact the institution's culture in the long term.

Segurança Social has always been about resilience: the organization itself and the people it serves. Despite its flaws and fragilities, it's the social system that allows many to thrive. That's why we envisioned the system's sustainability, rooted in the workers' resilience and processes.
Silence: Divergent Listening in the Anthropocene
Authors: CUTLER GRANT
Published: December 2022

Divergent listening describes a listening practice which seeks to raise consciousness or expand on our understanding of reality through the perception of sound. The multichannel sound installation, ‘Silence’, offers a space of quiet reflection, a place to ask questions, share, or rest. It is a room to imagine a more inclusive future, a world of resilience, energized by the clamorous singing of countless life forms. The installation invites participants to immerse themselves in the soundscapes of dozens of endangered natural environments and reflect on the change that an enhanced listening practice might bring to their own lives, work, and environments.
Synergetic fusion of Reinforcement Learning, Grey Wolf, and Archimedes optimization algorithms for efficient health emergency response via unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Sreelakshmy K. , Verma Om Prakash , Sharma Tarun Kumar , Ahn Chang Wook , Goyal Kapil Kumar
Published: December 2022

Owing to the recent technological innovations, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are progressively employed in various civil and military applications, including healthcare. This requires estimating an optimum route under various real‐world complexities, such as non‐uniform obstacles. However, most of the reported work considers only uniform obstacles as an object, which limit their practical applicability. Hence, Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) is examined to overcome this limitation. Further, it is observed that many a time, AOA over‐exploits the search space, resulting in higher computational time. Therefore, the present work fuses AOA with grey wolf optimizer (GWO) to improve the convergence capability. Also, reinforcement learning (RL) is employed to intelligently switch between the exploration and exploitation phases. The efficacy of the developed algorithm is statistically analysed and validated against various metaheuristics on several benchmark functions. The simulated results verified that the developed RLGA provides optimal or near‐optimal solutions more efficiently relative to other metaheuristics. Moreover, it also affirms the hypothesis that the proposed modifications significantly improve the convergence speed of AOA. Finally, the appropriateness of RLGA is tested and validated by rigorous experimentation on real‐world 3D‐route estimation problems for UAVs. The simulated results reveal that RLGA produces a flyable path with 51.46%, 62.06%, and 70.42% lesser cost than RLGWO, AOA, and GWO, respectively. This ensures the employability of RLGA for efficient medical assistance in minimum time‐, energy‐, and transportation‐cost with safe and smooth UAV auto‐navigation for developing drone doctors.
The application of digital image correlation (DIC) in fatigue experimentation: A review
Authors: Hebert John , Khonsari Michael
Published: December 2022

In recent years, the use of digital image correlation (DIC) in fatigue experiments has become widespread. It is estimated that ~1000 published works exist that outline fatigue experiments in which DIC is employed for displacement and strain measurement. Of these, ~900 were published in the last 10 years. DIC is a noncontact method that uses a series of digital images to calculate full‐field strains on the surface of an object, planer or curved. Typical commercial DIC systems compute strains at resolutions high enough to trace hysteresis loops in metals. Properly operated open‐source systems can do the same. The DIC method is applied not only on optically based digital images but also on digital images from ultra‐high resolution (ultra‐HR) microscopes like a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or on volumetric images from computed tomography (CT) scans. In fatigue analysis, DIC provides much more information than that of an extensometer. Full‐field strains from DIC can be acquired at different scales (i.e., microscale, macroscale, and nanoscale) and can be related to items such as microstructural features, interacting surfaces (e.g., fretting), fatigue crack growth phenomenon, and distinct forms of energy. Because fatigue is a highly complex, strain‐induced process, the DIC method is and will be an important tool for current and future research in fatigue. This review begins with an overview of the history and fundamentals of DIC including an evaluation of the overall performance and accuracy of the method. Publications selected for review are then presented and discussed. Remarks about the present state‐of‐the‐art and an outlook for future work to be done are then provided.
Estimates of niche position and breadth vary across spatial scales for native and alien inland fishes
Authors: Cano‐Barbacil Carlos , Radinger Johannes , Olden Julian D. , García‐Berthou Emili
Published: December 2022

Aim

We estimate and compare niche position, marginality and breadth of Iberian inland fishes at three geographical extents (regional, restricted to the species’ range and global) to understand the effect of spatial scale on niche metrics. Furthermore, we investigate differences in niche metrics between native and alien fish, and test for associations with introduction date of alien species and niche characterization to better understand their invasion process.

Location

Iberian Peninsula and global.

Time period

2000–2020.

Major taxa studied

Fifty‐one native and 17 alien inland fish species from the Iberian Peninsula.

Methods

Outlying mean index (OMI) analyses were used to estimate the niche position, marginality and breadth of Iberian inland fishes. Climatic OMI analyses were computed at three different scales (regional, restricted to the species’ range and global). Permutational analyses of variance (PERMANOVAs) were used to test for differences in niche position, marginality and breath among native and alien species.

Results

Niche metrics differed depending on the geographical extent of the investigation, as well as with respect to species origin (native versus alien). Differences in climatic niche position between native and alien species observed at the global scale were non‐existent at the regional scale. The niche breadth of widely distributed alien species was highly underestimated when only considering the invaded region, and further influenced by the first date of of species introduction.

Main conclusions

Estimating niches of freshwater species, especially of alien invaders, should carefully consider the geographical extent of the investigation. We suggest that analyses that jointly consider regional and global scales will improve the estimation of niche metrics of widely distributed organisms, particularly regarding species climatic niche, and the assessment of the invasive potential of species.
Current treatments and emerging therapies of human polyomavirus‐associated skin diseases: a comprehensive review
Authors: Bartley Brooke R. , Moore Stephen A. , Doan Hung Q. , Rady Peter L. , Tyring Stephen K.
Published: December 2022

Since Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) was linked as the predominant etiology of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) in 2008, three additional human polyomaviruses (HPyV) have been definitively linked to cutaneous diseases—trichodysplasia spinulosa virus (TSPyV) and human polyomavirus 6 and 7 (HPyV6, HPyV7). TSPyV contributes to the development of trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS), and HPyV6/7 is associated closely with the eruption of pruritic and dyskeratotic dermatoses (PDD). Clinically, MCC is treated with surgical excision and radiation with adjuvant chemotherapy, although newer treatment options include immune checkpoint inhibition. These novel immunotherapies hold promise for the treatment of metastatic MCC, but resistance and side effects prevent a significant proportion of patients from realizing their benefits. Based on previous case reports, the standard of care for the less deadly but disfiguring cutaneous disease TS include immunosuppressant (IS) reduction, the use of antivirals such as cidofovir (CDV) or valganciclovir (VGCV), or a combination of these treatments. Similar treatments were attempted for PDD, but oral acitretin was found to be most effective. As MCC, TS, and PDD are rare diseases, further research is required for effective treatments. In this review, we summarize clinical trials, preclinical studies, and case reports that present outcomes and side effects of current and emerging treatments for HPyV‐associated cutaneous diseases, offering a comprehensive resource for clinical application and prospective clinical trials.
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of pasta enriched with blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) fish protein hydrolysate
Authors: Khodaei Diako , Forde Aisling , Noci Francesco , Ryan Lisa
Published: December 2022

Blue whiting fish protein hydrolysate (BWFPH) is a low‐value fish by‐product with potential health benefits. This study aimed to assess the effect of the addition of BWFPH (0%, 5%, 10% and 15% w/w) on the cooking quality, physical properties and sensorial characteristics of pasta. The results showed that by adding BWFPH to pasta, the optimal cooking time, swelling index, water absorption and cohesiveness decreased, while the cooking loss, total protein content, firmness and adhesiveness increased (P ≤ 0.05). The colour score and b* of pasta samples increased with the addition of BWFPH, while the lightness reduced. The samples containing 5% of BWFPH showed the highest sensorial parameters followed by 10% BWFPH, control and 15% of BWFPH. It can be concluded that fortification pasta with BWFPH has the potential for the food industry to deliver nutritionally enriched and high‐protein pasta.
High incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Northern Australia: a prospective community population‐based Australian incidence study in the Mackay‐Isaac‐Whitsunday region
Authors: Flanagan Amanda , Allsopp Susan M. , O'Connor Sam A. , Tobin Jacinta , Pretorius Casper , Brown Ian S. , Bell Sally , Daveson A. James M.
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

To determine the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Mackay‐Isaac‐Whitsunday region in Northern Queensland (−21.14° S) and to allow a comparison with Southern Australian and New Zealand data (Geelong, Australia −38.14° S; Tasmania −41.43° S and −42.88° S (Launceston and Hobart) and Canterbury, New Zealand −43.46 °S).

Design

A prospective observational community population‐based IBD study was conducted between 1 June 2017 and 31 May 2018.

Outcome measures

Primary includes the crude annual incidence rate of IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and inflammatory bowel disease‐unclassified (IBDU), while secondary includes disease phenotype and behaviour.

Results

Fifty‐six new cases of IBD were identified. Twenty‐three were CD, 30 were UC and 3 were IBDU. The crude annual incidence rate per 100 000 for IBD, CD, UC and IBDU were 32.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 24.78–41.84), 13.23 (95% CI: 8.79–19.90), 17.25 (95% CI: 12.06–24.67) and 1.73 (95% CI: 0.56–5.35). When directly age‐standardised to the World Health Organisation Standard Population Distribution, the overall CD, UC and IBDU incidence were 13.19, 17.34 and 1.85 per 100 000, with an overall age‐standardised IBD incidence of 32.38.

Conclusions

This is the first study to define the incidence of IBD in a Northern Australian cohort and to allow a comparison between North and Southern Australia. The IBD crude is the highest reported in Australia. Like others, we found a high and low incidence of upper gastrointestinal Crohn's disease and complicated disease at diagnosis respectively, likely reflective of the increased availability and early uptake of endoscopic procedures.
Capability bundling for effective supply chain management: An integrative framework and research agenda
Authors: Madhavaram Sreedhar , Manis Kerry T. , Rashidi‐Sabet Siavash , Taylor Daniel F.
Published: December 2022

Effective supply chain management (SCM) capabilities are critical to the success of organizations. Although research over the past three decades (i) firmly establishes that SCM plays a significant role in corporate strategy, (ii) either suggests and/or finds strong positive results for the impact of different types of SCM capabilities on firm performance, and (iii) indicates that intra‐firm and inter‐firm capabilities are central to the effectiveness of SCM, how firms come to have the SCM capabilities stays somewhat underexplored. Therefore, to understand how firms can bundle effective SCM capabilities, we (i) develop a brief overview of capabilities research, (ii) use the subprocesses of capability bundling—stabilizing (building), enriching (developing), and pioneering (creating)—as a framework for reviewing SCM research, (iii) review 236 articles from 66 journals to develop an integrative framework of capability bundling for SCM effectiveness, (iv) discuss the findings from the review for SCM capability bundling, and (v) delineate a comprehensive research agenda that provides specific insights into how firms can come to have SCM capabilities for competitive advantages in the marketplace. In doing so, we hope to initiate a silo‐breaking, cross‐disciplinary research program on how firms bundle capabilities for competitive advantages.
Protective effects of activated vitamin D receptor on radiation‐induced intestinal injury
Authors: Lin Yuhan , Xia Penglin , Cao Fangyu , Zhang Cheng , Yang Yajie , Jiang Haitao , Lin Haishan , Liu Hu , Liu Ruling , Liu Xiaodong , Cai Jianming
Published: December 2022

Radiation‐induced intestinal injury (RIII) is a common complication after radiation therapy in patients with pelvic, abdominal, or retroperitoneal tumours. Recently, in the model of DSS (Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt) ‐induced intestinal inflammatory injury, it has been found in the study that transgenic mice expressing hVDR in IEC (Intestinal Epithelial Cell) manifest highly anti‐injury properties in colitis, suggesting that activated VDR in the epithelial cells of intestine may inhibit colitis by protecting the mucosal epithelial barrier. In this study, we investigated the effect of the expression and regulation of VDR on the protection of RIII, and the radiosensitivity in vitro experiments, and explored the initial mechanism of VDR in regulating radiosensitivity of IEC. As a result, we found that the expression of VDR in intestinal tissues and cells in mice can be induced by ionizing radiation. VDR agonists are able to prolong the average survival time of mice after radiation and reduce the radiation‐induced intestinal injury. For lack of vitamin D, the radiosensitivity of intestinal epithelial cells in mice increased, which can be reduced by VDR activation. Ensuing VDR activation, the radiation‐induced intestinal stem cells damage is decreased, and the regeneration and differentiation of intestinal stem cells is promoted as well. Finally, on the basis of sequencing analysis, we validated and found that VDR may target the HIF/PDK1 pathway to mitigate RIII. We concluded that agonism or upregulation of VDR expression attenuates radiation‐induced intestinal damage in mice and promotes the repair of epithelial damage in intestinal stem cells.
The relationship between ethical position and whistleblowing: A cross‐sectional study among nurses
Authors: Çekiç Yasemin , Tuna Rujnan , Eskin Bacaksiz Feride
Published: December 2022

Aim and Objectives

The aim of this study is to determine nurses' ethical positions, whistleblowing intention and its causes, and to analyse the correlation between them, while revealing the personal and professional characteristics causing significant difference.

Background

In today's challenging healthcare settings, ethical dilemmas are inherent to nursing practices, leading to situations whereby nurses must consider whistleblowing and reasons such as reporting medical errors or misbehaviors.

Design

The study is descriptive, cross‐sectional and correlational.

Methods

The data were collected from a convenience sample consisting of 294 nurses between 1 April and 30 June 2019, in four hospitals in two cities. An introductory information form, Ethics Position Questionnaire, Whistleblowing Scale and Causes of Whistleblowing Scale were employed to collect data. The data were analysed with descriptive, correlational, comparative and internal consistency analyses (Guidelines for reporting cross‐sectional studies (Data )).

Results

It was found that nurses encountered (31.3%) and reported (85.9%) unethical incidents. According to the subscales, they obtained higher scores from idealism (4.37 ± 0.52), supportive whistleblowing (3.75 ± 0.72), and moral and professional values (3.77 ± 0.67). The Ethics Position Questionnaire, as well as the Whistleblowing Scale (r = .302) and the Causes of Whistleblowing Scale (r = .211) had a positive weak correlation (p < .001). Nurses' age, marital status, and professional and institutional experiences all created a significant difference (p < .05).

Conclusions

The nurses mostly encountered unethical incidents associated with management. The rates of reporting the unethical incidents were high, and they were found not hesitating to report using whistleblowing, yet intended to keep the incidents within the institution. In addition, idealistic nurses were more likely to whistleblow, and their causes for whistleblowing were mostly associated with moral and professional values.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

It is recommended that nurses' ethical position, and whistleblowing intentions and causes should be supported and improved through the corporate culture.
Analysis of the guidance and predictive value of uterine artery flow parameters in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Lian Xiaolu , Pan Zhansheng , Xia Fei , Mao Caiping , Zhou Weiqin , Zhong Yanyu , Zhou Ying
Published: December 2022

Objective

To analyze the uterine artery blood flow parameters of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) at different gestational ages and to investigate the effects of aspirin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on uterine artery blood flow parameters and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study involving analysis of clinical data for 140 patients: 47 in an aspirin group, 49 in a combination group, and 44 in a control group. The uterine artery blood flow parameters of the three groups in the middle luteal period and 10th, 12th, 16th, and 20th gestational weeks were compared. Trends in uterine artery flow parameters were predicted by function fitting, and the uterine artery flow parameters and pregnancy outcomes between different drug administration regimens were compared.

Results

With increasing gestational age, the uterine artery blood flow parameters of the three groups gradually decreased. In the middle luteal phase, the uterine artery blood flow parameters (mRI, mPI, mS/D) of the recurrent spontaneous abortion group, that is, the aspirin and combination groups, were significantly higher than those of the control group. Uterine artery blood flow parameters from 10 to 20 weeks of gestation were as follows: combined group < aspirin group < normal pregnancy group. The mean resistance index (mRI) in the combination group decreased most rapidly compared with the aspirin group between 10 and 20 weeks of gestation. The live birth rate was higher in the combination group than in the aspirin group.

Conclusions

Both aspirin and aspirin combined with LMWH can reduce uterine artery blood flow parameters, and combination therapy is superior to aspirin alone. In the RSA group, the rate of mRI decline may predict pregnancy outcome to some extent. Combination therapy can improve the live birth rate and reduce the miscarriage rate.
Measuring Implementation of Health Promoting School (HPS) Programs: Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the HPS Implementation Questionnaire
Authors: Vennegoor Gerjanne , Van Assema Patricia , Eekhout Iris , Lezwijn Jeanette , Molleman Gerard , Jansen Maria
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

Implementation of Health Promoting School (HPS) programs can be challenging due to the dynamic school context. Navigating between program fidelity and adaptation, as well as integrating the program, is essential for successful implementation, and consequently, for program effects. As part of an evaluation study in the Netherlands, this study aimed to develop a measurement instrument that differentiates schools according to fidelity, adaptation, and integration of HPS implementation.

METHODS

This study presents the development and psychometric evaluation of the 28‐item HPS Implementation Questionnaire, covering 7 dimensions: adherence, dose, participant responsiveness, quality of delivery, program differentiation, adaptation, and integration. The questionnaire, to be filled out by school employees, was developed for primary, secondary, secondary vocational, and special needs education, in close collaboration with experts (n = 54) in school health promotion.

RESULTS

Semi‐structured interviews aimed at dimension clarification resulted in a list of 58 items. Items were revised, combined, and/or removed based on quantitative and qualitative feedback by the evaluation study's Community of Practice, 2‐round expert consultation, and pre‐tests. Psychometric evaluation (n = 535 schools), consisting of calculating Cronbach's α and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), confirmed internal consistency (α > .72) and the 7‐dimension framework.

CONCLUSION

The brief yet comprehensive HPS Implementation Questionnaire offers possibilities for research into HPS implementation in various educational sectors and contexts, as well as self‐monitoring by individual schools. This study provides first evidence for internal consistency and validity of the questionnaire.
Crisis resolution home treatment team Clinicians' perceptions of using a recovery approach with people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Taylor Tracy , Stockton Stephanie , Bowen Matt
Published: December 2022

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

It is known that people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder often experience crises in their mental wellbeing.

There is little evidence about the approaches of mental health nurses in community‐based crisis teams when working with people with a diagnosis of BPD.

What the paper adds to the existing knowledge?

This paper highlights that limited resources, work‐patterns and issues of stigma present challenges to delivering recovery‐oriented care.

The paper highlights that nurses typically try to navigate the challenges to continue to provide individualized care, though their self‐assessment is that this is with mixed success.

What are the implications for practice?

The findings suggest that support is needed to develop brief interventions specific to teams working with people with a diagnosis of BPD who are at a point of crisis.

Introduction

People with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) are often in contact with mental health services at a point of crisis, and in the UK, this includes Crisis Resolution Home Treatment teams (CRHTT). There is a drive for services to be recovery orientated; however, there is little evidence about the degree to which community services achieve this for people with a diagnosis of BPD when in crisis.

Research Aim

To understand the perceptions held by CRHTT clinicians about their provision of recovery‐orientated acute care, for people with a diagnosis of BPD.

Method

From a purposive sample of a single CRHTT, seven registered mental health nurses were interviewed and Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis framework was used to interpret the data.

Results

Five themes emerged: person‐centred care; the timing is wrong; inconsistent staffing; the risks are too great; and BPD as a label.

Discussion

The results demonstrate tensions between a drive to deliver person‐centred care and a range of challenges that inhibit this, with the possibility of reframing a recovery approach as “recovery‐ready”.

Implications for Practice

A whole‐system approach is required to enable a consistent recovery‐oriented approach, but research is also needed for brief interventions specific to this context.
Mental health status of mental health nurses in China: Results from a national survey
Authors: Wang Peicheng , Tang Yi‐lang , Chen Yanhua , He Yanrong , Li Lin , Han Xinxin , Liu Yuanli , Liu Tingfang , Liu Huanzhong , Jiang Feng , Zhu Jiming
Published: December 2022

Introduction

It has been acknowledged in China that actions should be taken immediately to ease the critical shortage of psychiatric nurses. However, with national data lacking, little is known about nurses' mental health status.

Aim

To evaluate psychiatric nurses' mental health status by measuring their burnout, depression, anxiety and stress.

Methods

All psychiatric nurses in the 41 selected hospitals in China were invited to participate in the survey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Human Service Survey and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were used to assess variables of interest.

Results

38.6% of psychiatric nurses met the criteria for burnout. The rates of depression, anxiety and stress were 26.3%, 36.4% and 12.5%, respectively. It was found that workplace region, educational level, working years, longer working hours and night shifts were associated with risk of burnout and DASS.

Conclusions

More than a quarter of psychiatric nurses are suffering from burnout, depression or anxiety in China. Policymakers and hospital administrators should design a flexible schedule and restrict working hours for psychiatric nurses to achieve work‐life balance.

Implications for Practice

The study informs policymakers and administrators on addressing the nursing shortage by identifying nurses immersed in negative emotions and preventing mental health problems.
Lipocalin 2, synthesized using a cell‐free protein synthesis system and encapsulated into liposomes, inhibits the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to human oral epithelial cells
Authors: Kido Jun‐ichi , Hiroshima Yuka , Kido Rie , Yoshida Kaya , Inagaki Yuji , Naruishi Koji , Kajimoto Kazuaki , Kataoka Masatoshi , Shinohara Yasuo , Yumoto Hiromichi
Published: December 2022

Background and Objective

Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a glycoprotein expressed in epithelial cells and leukocytes, has an antibacterial effect and plays a role in innate immunity. The delivery of LCN2 encapsulated in liposomes to oral epithelium may be useful to prevent oral infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of LCN2, artificially synthesized using a cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) system, on the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to oral epithelial cells in order to approach oral healthcare using LCN2.

Methods

LCN 2 was synthesized using a CFPS system and assayed by Western blotting, mass spectrometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The bilayer liposomes were prepared by the spontaneous transfer method using 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3 phosphocholine (DOPC), 3‐sn‐phosphatidylcholine from Egg Yolk (Egg‐PC), and 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3 phosphoethanolamine (DOPE). The cellular and medium fractions derived from the culture of oral epithelial cells with liposome‐encapsulated LCN2 were assayed by Western blotting and ELISA. The effect of the synthesized LCN2 on adhesion of the labeled P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells was investigated as an evaluation of its antibacterial activity.

Results

The synthesized LCN2 protein was identified by Western blotting; its amino acid sequence was similar to that of recombinant LCN2 protein. The additions of DOPE and octa‐arginine in the outer lipid‐layer components of liposome significantly increased the delivery of liposomes to epithelial cells. When oral epithelial cells were cultured with the synthesized and liposome‐encapsulated LCN2, LCN2 was identified in the cellular and medium fractions by Western blotting and its concentration in the cellular fraction from the culture with the synthesized LCN2 was significantly higher than that of a template DNA‐free protein. The synthesized LCN2 and liposome‐encapsulated LCN2 significantly inhibited the adhesion of P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells compared with template DNA‐free protein.

Conclusion

LCN2 was artificially synthesized by a CFPS system, encapsulated in liposomes, and delivered to oral epithelial cells, and demonstrated an antibacterial action against P. gingivalis. This approach may become a useful model for oral healthcare.