bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A higher classification of the Australian Acridoidea (Orthoptera). I. General introduction and subfamily Oxyinae
Authors: Key KH L
Published: April 2005

The Australian Acridoidea display a great diversification of mainly endemic genera within a very few major groups. The ranking of these on a world basis is regarded as inflated and a general downgrading is proposed, making appropriate use of the tribal category. The status and composition of the Oxyinae is examined in detail in relation to the Hemiacridinae; three tribes, Oxyini, Praxibulini and Spathosternini, are recognised and their component Australian genera specified.
Hemilobella, a new genus of Lobellini (Collembola : Neanuridae) from Australia and Malaysia with notes on other Australian lobelline genera
Authors: Deharveng L , Greenslade P
Published: April 2005

A new genus of Lobellini, Hemilobella, is erected for two new species from Tasmania, H. rounsevelli and H. pluvia, and two described species, H. newmani (Womersley) from Western Australia and H. perakensis (Yosii) from Malaysia, the latter two formerly in Lobella and Propeanura respectively. A key is given to the three genera of Lobellini currently known from Australasia and another to the four species of Hemilobella. Australian species of Yuukianura and Paleonura are discussed.
The Potmidae and Parathelphusidae (Crustacea : Decapoda : Brachyura) of Hong Kong
Authors: Ng PKL , Dudgeon D
Published: April 2005

The taxonomy of three freshwater crabs from Hong Kong is discussed. Two poorly known potamid species, Potamon anacoluthon Kemp, 1918, and Potamon hongkongensis Shen, 1940, are referred to Cryptopotamon, gen. nov., and Nanhaipotamon Bott, 1968, respectively. The taxonomic problems associated with the genus Nanhaipotamon are briefly reviewed. The identity of the parathelphusid Somanniathelphusa sinensis (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) is clarified on re-examination of the types, and two new species, S. falx (from China) and S. zanklon (from Hong Kong), are described. Notes on the general biology of the three Hong Kong species are also provided.
A revision of the Australian spider genus Storena (Araneae : Zodariidae)
Authors: Jocqué R , Baehr B
Published: April 2005

The genus Storena (Walckenaer) is revised. The genus now contains 27 species, 23 of which are new: S. procedens (male), S. digitulus (male), S. ignava (male), S. paucipunctata (male), S. raveni (male), S. mathematica (male), S. recta (male, female), S. cochleare (male), S. sinuosa (male, female), S. aspinosa (male) , S. martini (male), S. fungina (male, female), S. scita (male), S. metallica (male, female), S. rotunda (male), S. botenella (female), S. parvicavum (female), S. longiducta (female), S. nana (female), S. charlotte (female), S. nuga (female), S. recurvata (female) and S. daviesae (female). Four species are redescribed: the type species, S. cyanea Walckenaer (male, female), S. formosa Thorell (male, female), S. colossea Rainbow (male, female) and S. deserticola Jocqué (male). A key to the males is provided. The large range of male palpal conformations contrasting with the somatic stability in the genus is discussed.
The systematics of the Hydiae (Pseudoscorpionida : Neobisioidea)
Authors: Harvey MS
Published: April 2005

The Hyidae are redefined and three new synapomorphies are recognised which define the family: basi-dorsal mound on femora I and 11; minute setae on female sternite 11; and 2–3 stout setae on the pedipalpal femur. Three genera are included: Hya Chamberlin, with H. rninuta (Tullgren) and H. chamberlini, sp, nov.; Indohya Beier, with I. besucheti Beier, I. caecata Beier, I. panops, sp. nov., I. beieri, sp, nov., I. pusilla, sp. nov. and I. typhlops, sp. nov.; and Hyella, gen. nov., with H. humphreysi, sp. nov. (type species), the first known cavernicolous species of the family. Hya heterodonta Chamberlin is considered a junior synonym of Ideobisium minutum Tullgren. The Hyidae are divided into two subfamilies, Hyinae for Hya, and Indohyinae, subfam. nov., for Indohya and Hyella. A new distribution record is given for Tyrannochthonius krakatau Harvey (Chthoniidae), based on part of the type series of I. minutum.
Omicrini from Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia (Coleoptera : Hydrophilidae : Sphaeridiinae)*
Authors: Bameul F
Published: April 2005

A series of terrestrial Omicrini collected in Sulawesi during the Project Wallace expedition was studied. The recorded species belong to Omicrogiton d'Orchymont, Paromicrus Scott, Aculomicrus Smetana, Noteropagus d'Orchymont and to a new genus, Stanmalcolmia, for a new species: S. sulawesiensis. Five new species of Paromicrus are described: P. bicarinatus, P. flexus, P. punctulatus, P. scutulatus, and P. wallacei. Paromicrus bryanti d'Orchymont, P. championi d'Orchymont and P. scotti d'Orchymont are redescribed; a key is given to the examined Paromicrus. A list of the known species of Paromicrus is given. Aculomicrus is new for the Oriental region, and A. brendelli, sp. nov. is described; a key to the known species of Aculomicrus is given. Aculomicrus is likely to be another example of transPacific distribution and a discussion on its zoogeography is provided. The aedeagi and female ectodermal genitalia are figured for each species when they are available. The aedeagus of A. pusio Smetana, from Puerto Rico, is figured for the first time.*Project Wallace Publication No. 138.
Poecilostomatoid Copepods associated with the Scleractinian coral Acropora in the tropical western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Humes AG
Published: April 2005

Nine new lichomolgid copepods, including two new genera, Ecphysarion and Unicispina, are described, all associated with various species of the scleractinian genus Acropora in New Caledonia, at Ceram and Obi in the Moluccas, and at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands: Schedomolgus idanus, S. majusculus, S. insignellus, S. exiliculus, Scyphuliger eumorphus, S. aristoides, Ecphysarion ampullulum, E. spinulatum, and Unicispina latigenitalis. New records are given for Ecphysarion lobophomm (Humes & Ho, 1968), comb. nov., Scyphuliger concavipes Humes, 1991, S. manifestus Humes, 1991, and S. tenuatus (Humes, 1990).
Revision of the taxonomy of the larvae of the subfamily Eutrombidiinae (Acarina : Microtrombidiidae)
Authors: Southcott RV
Published: April 2005

The subfamily Eutrombidiinae of the Trombidioidea (Acarina) is revised, and placed with the Microtrombidiinae in the family Microtrombidiidae; it is divided into the three tribes Eutrombidiini, Hexathrombiini, trib, nov., and Milliotrombidiini, trib. nov., with differing biological characters as well as taxonomic. The division is made for the larvae, as adult-larva correlations are known only for Eutrombidium. Eutrombidiini is left with two genera: Verdunella, gen. nov., monotypic with V. lockleii (Welbourn & Young) from Araneida, North America, and Eutrombidium Verdun, cosmopolitan from Orthoptera, principally Acrididae, with the following species recognised as larvae: E. centrale, sp, nov., E. occidentale, sp. nov., E. orientale, sp. nov. (North America), E. trigonum (Hermann) (western Europe), E. africanum, sp. nov., E. macfarlanei, sp. nov. (Niger, west Africa), E. verdense, sp. nov. (Cape Verde Islands, Atlantic), E. robauxi, sp. nov. (Corfu, Turkey), E. feldmanmuhsamae Feider (Israel), E. indicum, sp. nov. (India), and E. australiense, sp. nov. (Australia). The following nominal taxa (larvae) are left unkeyed: E. debilipes (Leonardi) (western Russia), E. locustarum (Walsh) (North America), E. odorheiense Feider (Romania) (with subspecies E. o. odorheiense Feider and E. o. littorale Feider), and E. townsendi (Dumbleton) (New Zealand). Larvae of the Hexathrombiini are ectoparasitic on Coleoptera (one exception); genera indude Hexathrombium Cooreman, Hoplothrombium Ewing and Beronium Southcott. Hexathrombium has two species, H. spatuliferum Cooreman (on carabid beetle, former Belgian Congo), and H. willisi, sp. nov. (on cicindelid beetle, North America). Hoplothrombium is known from H. quinquescutatum Ewing (on ‘beetle mite’, i.e. Oribatei, Acarina, in toad's stomach, North America). Beronium is known for B. coiffaiti (Beron), an eyeless form (from cavernicolous carabid beetle, North Africa). Milliotrombidiini larvae are ectoparasites of Myriapoda; genera include Milliotrombidium Shiba, with M. milliopodum Shiba (from millipede, Malaya) and Kepongia, gen, nov., with K. malayensis, sp. nov. (from centipede, Malaya). Names are assigned to the various specialised setae on tarsus III of the larvae with ‘deformed’ claws, i.e. with tarsus III modified for saltation.
Austrelater, gen. nov. (Coleoptera : Elateridae), with a description of the larva and comments on elaterid relationships
Authors: Calder AA , Lawrence JF , Trueman JW H
Published: April 2005

Austrelater, gen, nov., is proposed for three new species, A. macphersonensisfrom New South Wales and southern Queensland, A. peckorum from North Queensland and A. howensis from Lord Howe Island. The reared larva of Austrelater macphersonensis, gen. et sp. nov., is described and figured. The phylogenetic relationships of the genus are discussed and a selection of adult and larval characters used in the cladistic analysis are discussed. The subfamily Lissominae is redefined to include Oestodes, Austrelater, Sphaenelater, Protelater and those taxa (Lissomus, Drapetes) formerly included in the Lissominae (usually in Throscidae or as Lissomidae).
Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from Papua New Guinea. X. Description of the new species of the marine genus Cymatopus Kertesz*
Authors: Grootaert P , Meuffels HJG
Published: April 2005

Four species of the marine genus Cymatopus are reported from the coasts of Papua New Guinea. Two species, C. calcaratoides, sp. nov. (northern coast), and C. motuporensis, sp. nov. (southern coast), and the female of C. leopoldi Meuffels & Grootaert are described. Together with C. calcaratus and C. malayensis, they form a distinct monophyletic group in the western Pacific. The larvae and pupae of Cymatopus live in the thin layer of algae and debris on the rocks in the eulittoral zone. The adult flies feed at low tide on the larvae of chironomids and ceratopogonids in the intertidal zone. *Contribution No. 257 of the Leopold I11 Biological Station on Laing Island.
Austrobates rivularis gen. et sp. nov., a freshwater relative of Halobates Eschscholtz (Hemiptera : Gerridae), with a new perspective on the evolution of sea skaters
Authors: Andersen NM , Weir TA
Published: April 2005

The sea skaters, genus Halobates Eschscholtz (Gerridae : Halobatinae), include the only known oceanic insects, although most species of Halobates and the related genus Asclepios Distant are found in sheltered coastal waters. In this paper we describe a freshwater relative of these marine genera, Austrobates rivularis, gen. et sp. nov., from Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. Although the new species has a mixture of characters shared with Asclepios and Halobates (tribe Halobatini) a phylogenetic (cladistic) analysis places Austrobates as sister-group of Halobates. The implications of this finding for the historical biogeography and ecology of sea skaters are discussed. We hypothesise that Halobates originated somewhere in the area that now includes the northernmost part of the Australian continent. Finally, we offer a narrative hypothesis explaining the evolution of the marine habit in halobatine water striders.
The Australian Eupalopsellidae (Acari : Prostigmata)
Authors: Gerson U
Published: April 2005

Two new species of Eupalopsellidae (Acari : Prostigmata), Eupalopsis jamesi and Exothorhis echinocactii, are described, and the presence of a third, Saniosulus nudus Summers, is recorded from Australia. Four species of this family, most of which feed on armoured scale insects, are now known from Australia. Keys to females of these four species, and to the females of Eupalopsis Canestrini and Exothorhis Summers, are provided.
Review of the species of Achias (Diptera : Platystomatidae)
Authors: Mcalpine DK
Published: April 2005

The genus Achias Fabricius occurs in New Guinea, northern Australia, and some islands adjacent to these areas. Evidence is presented as to the disputed publication dates for Hendel's two significant reviews of the Platystomatidae as these affect nomenclature. Available information on Achias biology is summarised, but includes no larval records. A method of estimating the approximate number of undiscovered species is presented, and indicates that the register of Achias species is very incomplete. A description of the genus Achias is given. Generic synonyms and means of generic determination are discussed. Certain taxonomic characters are discussed and these are related to taxonomic placement of the genus, informal infrageneric groupings of species, and species delimitation. A key to all recognised species is given. In total, 67 species (listed in index) are described as new. No synonyms among nominal species of Achias are recognised. Four apparent species represented by inadequate available material are assigned provisional numbers. An etymology of Achias nomenclature is appended.
Review of the Australian Archeocrypticidae (Coleoptera), with descriptions of a New Genus and four new species
Authors: Lawrence JF
Published: April 2005

The family Archeocrypticidae is redescribed on the basis of adult and larval characters, the relationships of the family are discussed, and the Australian fauna is reviewed. Keys are provided for the Australian genera and the species of Enneboeus Waterhouse and Australenneboeus Kaszab occurring in Australia. The following new taxa are described: Nothenneboeus, gen. nov., N. punctatus, sp. nov., N. carinatus, sp. nov., Australenneboeus apicalis, sp. nov., and A. minor, sp. nov. The following synonymies are proposed: Enneboeus Waterhouse = Parenneboeus Kaszab; Enneboeopsis Champion = Neboksianus Kaszab; Australenneboeus Kaszab =Lamellenneboeus Kaszab. This results in the following new combinations: Enneboeus tarsalis (Kaszab), Enneboeopsis australicus (Kaszab) and Australenneboeus analis (Kaszab).
Sunamphitoe graxon, sp. nov. (Crustacea : Ampihipoda : Ampithoidae): First record of the genus in Australian waters
Authors: Freewater P , Lowry JK
Published: April 2005

The ampithoid genus Sunamphitoe is recorded for the first time from Australia, and a new species, S. graxon, is described. It is reported from Cape Banks, New South Wales, living on intertidal rocky shores among Sargassum sp. Sunamphitoe graxon is the most abundant amphipod species in the Sargassum. The females build nests by gluing together Sargassum thalli.
Four new species of Telanepsia Turner (Lepidoptera : Oecophoridae) with larvae feeding on koala and possum scats
Authors: Common IFB , Horak M
Published: April 2005

Four species of Telanepsia Turner (Lepidoptera : Oecophoridae : Oecophorinae), T. stockeri, T: scatophila, T. tidbinbilla and T. coprobora, are described as new. The first three have been reared from larvae feeding and pupating within the scats of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus Goldfuss). Two of these (T. stockeri and T. scatophila) were discovered during a study of koala distribution in the Tantawangalo State Forest, south-eastern New South Wales, and larvae of T. tidbinbilla were collected in koala scats in the Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, Australian Capital Territory. Larvae of the fourth species (T. coprobora) were found in western Victoria entering from the soil and feeding in the scats of possums (probably the brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr), finally pupating in the soil. Adults of this species have also been collected in southern Queensland, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. Goniobela Turner is established as a new synonym of Telanepsia, and tornospila (Turner) as a new synonym of eucentra (Turner). Six lectotypes are designated and 12 new combinations established.
Systematics and biogeography of the Australian – New Guinean genus Thoris Pascoe (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae : Phoracanthini)
Authors: Wang Q , Thornton IWB , New TR
Published: April 2005

The genus Thoris Pascoe is revised. Two species are described as new: T. octoguttata from Australia and T. brandti from New Guinea. Diagnoses of all other species are given and their terminaha described. T. moerens Blackburn is transferred to Allotisis Pascoe. A key to the eight species is provided. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that this genus be divided into three species-groups: the gilesi-group, the quinqueguttata-group and the septemguttata-group. Biogeographic implications of the genus are discussed on the basis of the genus' proposed phylogeny, present distribution and geological history of New Guinea and Australia.
Revision of the Australian Penthalodidae (Acarina)
Authors: Qin TK
Published: April 2005

The Australian species of Penthalodidae are revised and six species are illustrated and described or redescribed: Stereotydeus areolatus Womersley, S. australicus Thor, S. brevipalpus, sp. nov., S. occidentalis Womersley, S. pseudopulcher, sp. nov., and S. tasmanicus, sp. nov. A key is provided to separate these six species. Penthalodes australicus Womersley does not belong to the Penthalodidae and its family placement is uncertain.
Taxonomy and distribution of Australian Cephalochordates (Chordata : Cephalochordata)
Authors: Richardson BJ , McKenzie AM
Published: April 2005

The Australian cephalochordate fauna consists of two genera and eight species. There are two endemic temperate-water species, Epigonichthys australis and E. bassanus, and six tropical species. Two of the latter, Branchiostoma minucauda and B. moretonensis, are endemic. The remaining four species, B. belcheri, E. cultellus, E. maldivensis and E. lucayanum, are found throughout the Indo-West Pacific Region. This study is based on the morphological study of 10 characters in 200 specimens. New synonymies are given for E. cultellus and the B. belcheri species-complex. The generic names Amphipleurichthys, Bathyamphioxus, Merscalpellus, Notasymmetron and Zeamphioxus are placed in the synonomy of Epigonichthys and the use of the junior synonym, Asymmetron, in place of Epigonichthys, is not supported. Information is presented on the distribution and habitat preferences of each species in Australia together with a key to the species likely to be found in Australia.
Calanus sinicus Brodsky and C. jashmovi, nom. nov. (Copepoda : Calanoida) of the north-western Pacific Ocean: a comparison, with notes on the integumental pore pattern in Calanus s. str.
Authors: Hulsemann K
Published: April 2005

Morphological features, records of distribution and seasonal occurrence of the calanoid copepods Calanus sinicus Brodsky, 1965, and C. orientalis Jashnov, 1975, are compared. Differences between the specimens corroborate the validity of both species. Synonymies are presented. Calanus syunpuensis Kurasige, 1931, cannot be assigned with certainty to either species as senior synonym; it is proposed that this name be treated as a nomen dubium. The preoccupied name C. orientalis Jashnov is replaced with the new name Calanus jashnovi. The patterns formed by integumental organs, i.e. pores of integumental glands and sensilla, are compared between females of C. sinicus and C. orientalis and, further, between most species of Calanus s. str. These patterns support the division of the genus into the four groups established previously on the basis of other morphological characters. Within the pacificus group, C. sinicus and C. orientalis are set apart from the rest of the species by distinct common features of the urosomal pattern, but certain specific features separate the two species.
The taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the cicada genus Gymnotympana Stål, 1861 (Homoptera : Tibicinidae)
Authors: de Boer AJ
Published: April 2005

A new taxonomic concept is proposed for the genus Gymnotympana Stål. The genus now consists of a supposedly monophyletic group of 20 species, for which a key to the males is presented. Eight species [G. dahli (Kuhlgatz, 1905), G. olivacea Distant, 1905, G. rubricata (Distant, 1897), G. rufa (Ashton, 1914), comb. nov., G. strepitans Stål, 1861, G. stridens Stål, 1861, G. subnotata (Walker, 1868), comb. nov., and G. varicolor (Distant, 1907), comb. nov.) are redescribed. Baeturia rufa, Baeturia varicolor and Ueana dahli are transfened to Gymnotympana, and Baeturia valida Blote, 1960 is regarded as a junior synonym of G. dahli. Cicada innotabilis Walker (1868) is regarded to be a junior homonym; the name is brought into the synonymy of Baeturia subnotata Walker, which is transferred to Gymnotympana. Twelve species (G. hirsuta, G. langeraki, G. membrana, G. minoramembrana, G. montana, G. nigravirgula, G. obiensis, G. parvula, G. phyloglycera, G. stenocephalis, G. verlaani and G. viridis) are described as new. Gymnotympana belongs to a group of New Guinean and Australian genera, defined earlier as the 'Baeturia and related genera complex', and is closely related to Venustria Goding & Froggatt, Scottotympana de Boer and Baeturia Stål of that complex. The phylogenetic position of the monotypic genus Venustria, as a possible part of Gymnotympana, is discussed. Character distributions within Gymnotympana indicate several monophyletic species groups. Gymnotympana is widely distributed in New Guinea, with many endemic species in the eastern parts, but its distribution also includes northern Maluku, the Bismarck Archipelago, the D'Entrecasteaux Is, the Louisiade Archipelago, Woodlark I. and northern Queensland. Maps of distributions are presented. Biogeographic patterns are compared with patterns found in other taxa of cicadas, and an attempt is made to explain the distribution characteristics of Gymnotympana with the latest views on the geological history of New Guinea.
Tokunagahelea, a new subgenus of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Australasian region with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Dyce AL , Meiswinkel R
Published: April 2005

Tokunagahelea is proposed as a new subgenus of the genus Culicoides Latreille to embrace three species from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Comparative descriptions of both males and females of Culicoides mikros, sp. nov., and C. geocheloneoides, sp. nov., and a redescription of the female of C. pygmaeus Tokunaga (male unknown), are presented together with a key for differentiation. C. mikros is the designated type species of the subgenus. Systematic relationships of the new subgenus are discussed.
Revision of the old world Holothyridae (Arachnida : Anactinotrichida : Holothyrina)
Authors: Lehtinen PT
Published: April 2005

A revised classification of the Holothyridae is presented. The family is restricted to archipelagoes from Melanesia to the Seychelles, with no known records from any continent. Evolution of holothyrid characters, phylogenetic relationships of the eight holothyrid genera and criteria for taxonomic categories in Holothyridae are discussed.Holothyrus braueri Thon, 1905, from the Seychelle Islands, is selected as the type species of a new genus, Sternothyrus. A new genus, Lindothyrus, is created for L. rubellus, sp. nov., from the western coast of New Caledonia, and L. elongatus, sp. nov., from Lord Howe Island, Australia. Indothyrus greeni, gen. et sp. nov., is described from Sri Lanka. Hammenius (Leiothyrus) Hammen, 1983 is raised to generic rank and Holothyrus nitidissimus Thorell, 1882 from the Fly River, and H. armatus Canestrini from Tamara Island (Aitape), both New Guinea, are included in this genus. The two previously known New Guinean genera, Thonius Lehtinen, 1981 and Hammenius Lehtinen, 1981, are redefined and relimited, and their type species are redescribed. Five new holothyrid taxa are described from New Guinea: Thonius mendi from the Strickland River, T. berlesei from an unknown locality, Hammenius fujuge iora from the Central district, Oro Province, H. grandjeani gressitti from Mt Bosavi, and H. insularis from the Louisiade Archipelago. Holothyrus Gervais, 1842 is restricted to two species from Mauritius only. A new genus, Haplothyrus, is created for the New Caledonian species H. expolitissimus Berlese, 1924 and for H. hyatti, sp. nov., from an unknown locality. Haplothyrus is characterised by the possession of a single female genital valve instead of four valves, as in all other genera of this suborder. The poorly described Seychellian species with no preserved material could not be revised.
The cockroach genera Hemithyrsocera Saussure and Symplocodes Hebard (Dictyoptera : Blattellidae : Blattellinae)
Authors: Roth LM
Published: April 2005

Diagnostic characters are given for Hemithyrsocera Saussure and Symplocodes Hebard. Aristiger Hebard and Parasymploce Hebard are synonymised with Hemithyrsocera. New species are: Hemithyrsocera alagara, H. brownwingae, H. lynnetteae, H. danumensis, H. nathani, H. ottei, H. persona, H. siebersi, and Symplocodes juxtaridleyi. Ceratinoptera annamensis Hanitsch is transferred to Symplocodes. Some known species of Hemithyrsocera and Symplocodes are redescribed. Hemithyrsocera and Symplocodes, which were previously in the Ectobiidae or Ectobiinae, are placed in the Blattellidae : Blattellinae.
The Hydroporini (Coleoptera : Dytiscidae : Hydroporinae) of New Guinea: Systematics, distribution and origin of the fauna
Authors: Balke M
Published: April 2005

Only one species of Hydroporini, Megaporus piceatus (RCgimbart, 1892), has been known from New Guinea. M. piceatus is very similar to the Australian M. ruficeps (Sharp, 1882) and study of additional material is neccessary to determine its status. Chostonectes maai, sp. nov., is described from Papua New Guinea. Its sister-species is the Australian C. gigas (Boheman, 1858). The classification of the genera Megaporus Brinck, 1943, and Chostonectes Sharp, 1882, is discussed, and autapomorphies for both groups are suggested. The following species of Hydroporini are reported from New Guinea for the first time: Megaporus sp., Antiporus sp., and Sternoprisccts hansardi (Clark, 1862). A total of five Hydroporini species is now known from New Guinea. All are Australian, or of Australian origin. The New Guinean Hydroporini are not a monophyletic group. The factors delimiting the distribution of Hydroporini in New Guinea are climate and perhaps also vegetation. Australian Hydroporini are adapted to a seasonal climate and most of them also to open forests/woodland.
Cladistic analysis of the europtantic Nemerteans (Nemertea : Hoplonemertea)
Authors: Harlin MS , Sundberg P
Published: April 2005

A phylogeny for the 34 species we consider well enough described in the suborder Eureptantia (phylum Nemertea) is inferred by cladistic analysis based on 38 morphological characters. The phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that many previously recognised genera and families are paraphyletic. These findings are discussed and compared with earlier classifications. We also present an identification key to the species based on the cladistic analysis.
A morphological and molecular revision of the Camponotus nigriceps group (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) from Australia
Authors: Mcarthur AJ , Adams M
Published: April 2005

The nigriceps group of the formicine genus Camponotus is revised using both morphological and allozyme techniques. Nine species from southern Australia are recognised. Four new species are described: C. dryandrae, C. eastwoodi, C. loweryi and C. longideclivis. Two subspecies are raised to specific status: Camponotus nigriceps clarior and C. nigriceps pallidiceps. Two new synonyms have been determined: C. consobrinus = C. nigriceps obniger and C. nigriceps = C. nigriceps perthiana. A key for separating species in the group and known distributions is presented.
Revision of the Australian bee fly genus Neosardus Roberts (Diptera : Bombyliidae)
Authors: Yeates DK
Published: April 2005

The endemic Australian bee fly genus Neosardus Roberts is revised. The genus is diagnosed, and diagnoses are provided for the five species described by previous authors, N. principius Roberts, N. circumdatus Roberts, N. lepidus Roberts, N. nigratus Roberts and N. paramonovi Hull. The following 13 new species are described: N. decus, sp. nov., N. vicinus, sp. nov., N. eremae, sp. nov., N. millstreamensis, sp. nov., N. phaleratus, sp. nov., N. australis, sp. nov., N. danielsi, sp. nov., N. sparsus, sp. nov., N. elegans, sp. nov., N. rieki, sp. nov., N. percultus, sp. nov., N. cosmus, sp. nov., and N. fenestratus, sp. nov. The wings of six species and male genitalia of seven species are illustrated, as are the female genitalia of one species. A key is provided to all species and distributions of all widespread species are mapped.
Australian genera and species in the tribes Odontolochini, Psammodiini, Rhyparini, Stereomerini and part of the Eupariini (Coleoptera : Scarabaeoidea : Aphodiinae)
Authors: Stebnicka ZT , Howden HF
Published: April 2005

One tribe, Odontolochini, and three genera, Airapus, Euparotrix and Gongrolophus, are described as new. Fifty species are discussed, keyed and illustrated; in addition, Airapus sumatrae (Fairmaire) from Sumatra is illustrated. Included in the above are 14 species described as new: Airapus bruxnerensis, NSW; A, burrundieae, Qld; A. henriettae, Qld; Australammoecius peckorum, NT; Cnematoplatys tozerensis, Qld; Gongrolophus storeyi, Qld; Leiopsammodius newcastleensis, NSW; Odontolochus monteithi, NSW, Qld; O . weiri, NSW, Qld; Rhyparus ironensis, Qld; Saprosites bunyaensis, Qld; S. clydensis, NSW, Qld, Vic.; S. mistakensis, Qld; S. porongurupae, WA. One genus and 14 species are synonymised: Neosaprosites Endrödi (= Cnematoplatys Schmidt); Aphodopsammobius matthewsi Rakovic [= rugicollis (Macleay)]; Ataenius consors Blackburn [= Australammoecius goyderensis (Blackburn)]; A. consobrinus Petrovitz, A. latericollis Lea and A. spissus Blackburn [= Australammoecius occidentalis (Macleay)]; Australammoecius australis Petrovitz, A. bicolor Petrovitz, A. brunneus Petrovitz and A. granuliceps Petrovitz (= persimilis Lea); A. demarzi Petrovitz (= coloratus Blackburn); A. flavipennis Petrovitz [= Aphodopsammobius zietzi (Blackburn)]; Euparia acutula Schmidt [= Airapus sumatrae (Fairmaire)]; E. olliffi Blackburn [= Airapus obscurus (Macleay)] and Rhyssemus australis Petrovitz [= inscitus (Walker)].
Revision of the Australian Tephritini (Diptera : Tephritidae)
Authors: Hardy DE , Drew RA I
Published: April 2005

The Australian fauna of Tephritini, a major tribe of the subfamily Tephritinae (Tephritidae), is revised for the first time; 23 genera and 77 species are treated. A further nine species are discussed but not named. Fourteen genera are revised and the following nine new genera described: Collessomyia, Cooronga, Hyalopeza, Liepana, Paraactinoptera, Parahyalopeza, Paraspathulina, Peneparoxyna and Quasicooronga. Twenty-four species are revised and the following 53 new species described: Campiglossa transversa, C. turneri, C. vaga, C. whitei, Collessomyia setiger, Cooronga mcalpinei, Dioxyna hyalina, Hyalopeza schneiderae, Liepana helichrysii, L. latifrons, Oedaspis apicalis, O. apiciclara, O. austrina, O . continua, O. gallicola, O. goodenia, O. mouldsi, O. olearia, O. perkinsi, O. semihyalina, O. serrata, O. trimaculata, O . whitei, Paraactinoptera collessi, Parahyalopeza bushi, Paraspathulina apicomacula, P. eremostigma, Paroxyna infrequens, Peneparoxyna minuta, Platensina trimaculata, Quasicooronga connecta, Q. disconnecta, Rhabdochaeta queenslandica, R. wedelia, Tephritis brunnea, T. bushi, T. distigmata, T. furcata, T. hesperia, T. pantosticta, T. phaeostigma, T. prolixa, T. protrusa, T. pumila, T. quasiprolixa, T. tasmaniae, T. trupanea, Trupanea bifida, T. heronensis, T. notata, T. prolata, T. pusilla and T. queenslandensis. Keys to genera and species are presented. Information is given on host plants and geographic distributions. The genera Chrysotrypanea Malloch and Oedaspoides Hendel are newly synonymised with Oedaspis Loew.
The ground beetle genus Casnoidea Castelnau: Taxonomy, phylogeny and zoogeography (Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : Odacanthinae)
Authors: Baehr M
Published: April 2005

On the basis of morphological characters of adults, the odacanthine genus Casnoidea Castelnau is reviewed and a key to the species is provided. Of the 17 species, seven are described as new: Casnoidea celebensis, sp. nov., from Sulawesi, C. ceylonica, sp. nov., from Sri Lanka, C. leytensis, sp. nov., from Leyte (Philippines), C. australica, sp. nov., and C. storeyi, sp. nov., both from northern Australia, C. malickyi, sp. nov., from northern Thailand and C. brandti, sp, nov., from Bougainville (Solomon Islands). The first five species are closely related to the widespread Oriental species C. interstitialis (Schmidt-Göbel), C. malickyi is related to the Oriental species C. nigrofasciata (Schmidt-Göbel), and C. brandti is closely related to the Papuan C. gestroi (Maindron). An Australian record of the Oriental species C. indica (Thunberg) indicates an accidental introduction. For the Australian species C. puncticollis and C. thouzeti new records show more extensive ranges than known previously. C. thouzeti (Castelnau) is also a new record from New Guinea. For C. foersteri (Bouchard) a new subgenus Procasnoidea, subgen. nov., is erected because of certain aberrant and presumably plesiomorphic external and genitalic characters present in this species. On the basis of the cladistic method as proposed by Hennig, a phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis shows that Casnoidea is a young, highly evolved genus that probably originated in the so-called 'Sundaland'. Apart from some rather primitive species or dibasic species-groups (C. gestroi-group, C. puncticollis, C. indica, C. thouzeti) the subgenus Casnoidea s. str. is divided into two more diverse species groups, namely the nigrofasciata-group with C. nigrofasciata, C. bakeri, C. bhamoensis and C. malickyi, and the interstitialis-group with C. interstitialis, C. ishiii, C. celebensis, C. ceylonica, C. leytensis, C. storeyi and C. australica. Both groups combine closely related species that apparently have been derived from the same stocks with the widespread C. nigrofasciata and C. interstitialis, respectively, and the species have mostly rather restricted ranges at or beyond the margins of the range of the wide-ranging species. Phylogenetical and chorological evidence reveals that several evolutionary events occurred within the genus and that Wallace's line was probably crossed six times independently in easterly direction by the gestroi-, puncticollis-, indica and thouzeti-stocks and within the nigrofasciata- and interstitialis-groups. The Papuan and Australian subregions have been colonised by different stocks and the shared species may have colonised New Guinea rather recently from the south. For Australia at least three independent immigrations of Casnoidea species from the Oriental region are postulated, namely by the thouzeti-, puncticollis- and australica-storeyi-lineages.
Evolution and development of facial bone morphology in threespine sticklebacks
Authors: Kimmel Charles B. , Ullmann Bonnie , Walker Charline , Wilson Catherine , Currey Mark , Phillips Patrick C. , Bell Michael A. , Postlethwait John H. , Cresko William A.
Published: April 2005

How do developmental mechanisms evolve to control changing skeletal morphology, the shapes and sizes of individual bones? We address this question with studies of the opercle (OP), a large facial bone that has undergone marked morphological evolution in the ray-finned fish. Attributes for developmental analysis motivated us to examine how OP shape and size evolve and develop in threespine sticklebacks, a model system for understanding vertebrate evolution. We find that when Alaskan anadromous fish take up permanent residence in lakes, they evolve smaller and reshaped OPs. The change is a reduction in the amount of bone laid down along one body axis, and it arises at or shortly after the onset of OP development. A quantitative trait locus is present on linkage group 19 that contributes in a major way to this phenotype.
DNA repair proteins affect the lifecycle of herpes simplex virus 1
Authors: Lilley Caroline E. , Carson Christian T. , Muotri Alysson R. , Gage Fred H. , Weitzman Matthew D.
Published: April 2005

We report that herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection can activate and exploit a cellular DNA damage response that aids viral replication in nonneuronal cells. Early in HSV-1 infection, several members of the cellular DNA damage-sensing machinery are activated and accumulate at sites of viral DNA replication. When this cellular response is abrogated, formation of HSV-1 replication centers is retarded, and viral production is compromised. In neurons, HSV-1 replication centers fail to mature, and the DNA damage response is not initiated. These data suggest that the failure of neurons to mount a DNA damage response to HSV-1 may contribute to the establishment of latency.
Evolutionary dynamics of olfactory receptor genes in fishes and tetrapods
Authors: Niimura Yoshihito , Nei Masatoshi
Published: April 2005

Olfaction, which is an important physiological function for the survival of mammals, is controlled by a large multigene family of olfactory receptor (OR) genes. Fishes also have this gene family, but the number of genes is known to be substantially smaller than in mammals. To understand the evolutionary dynamics of OR genes, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of all functional genes identified from the genome sequences of zebrafish, pufferfish, frogs, chickens, humans, and mice. The results suggested that the most recent common ancestor between fishes and tetrapods had at least nine ancestral OR genes, and all OR genes identified were classified into nine groups, each of which originated from one ancestral gene. Eight of the nine group genes are still observed in current fish species, whereas only two group genes were found from mammalian genomes, showing that the OR gene family in fishes is much more diverse than in mammals. In mammals, however, one group of genes, γ, expanded enormously, containing ≈90% of the entire gene family. Interestingly, the gene groups observed in mammals or birds are nearly absent in fishes. The OR gene repertoire in frogs is as diverse as that in fishes, but the expansion of group γ genes also occurred, indicating that the frog OR gene family has both mammal- and fish-like characters. All of these observations can be explained by the environmental change that organisms have experienced from the time of the common ancestor of all vertebrates to the present.
Effecting dietary change
Authors: Adamson Ashley J. , Mathers John C.
Published: April 2005

A world epidemic of diet-related chronic disease is currently being faced. In the UK incidence of obesity alone has tripled in the last 20 years and this trend is predicted to continue. Consensus exists for the urgent need for a change in diet and other lifestyle factors and for the direction and targets for this change. The evidence for how this change can be achieved is less certain. It has been established that disease processes begin in childhood. Recent evidence indicates that dietary habits too are established in childhood but that these habits are amenable to change. While establishing a healthy lifestyle in childhood is paramount, interventions have the potential to promote positive change throughout the life course. Success in reversing current trends in diet-related disease will depend on commitment from legislators, health professionals, industry and individuals, and this collaboration must seek to address not only the food choices of the individual but also the environment that influences such choices. Recent public health policy development in England, if fully supported and implemented, is a positive move towards this goal. Evidence for effective strategies to promote dietary change at the individual level is emerging and three reviews of this evidence are discussed. In addition, three recent dietary intervention studies, in three different settings and with different methods and aims, are presented to illustrate methods of effecting dietary change. Further work is required on what factors influence the eating behaviour and physical activity of individuals. There is a need for further theory-based research on which to develop more effective strategies to enable individuals to adopt healthier lifestyles.
The principles and application of qualitative research
Authors: Draper Alizon K.
Published: April 2005

The present paper provides an overview of the methodological principles that underpinqualitative research and how these principles differ from those of quantitative research. It is intended to set the scene for the following papers that outline two specific approaches to the analysis of qualitative data. Within the tradition of qualitative research there are many different theoretical perspectives, of which these approaches are only two examples, but they need to be set within this broader tradition in order to highlight their specific features. Qualitative and quantitative research differ from each other in far more than their methods and data. They are each based on very different premises about both the nature of the world and the nature of our knowledge of it and how this information is generated. These approaches have implications for all aspects of research strategy, including the assessment of the quality of research findings and their wider utility or application. In relation to the latter, lack of detail in the reporting of qualitative research and small sample sizes has tended to create the impression that the findings of qualitative research have little application outside the particular research setting. While there is need for more rigor in reporting, it needs to be recognized that qualitative research can offer insights and understandings with wider relevance, althoughthese outcomes are of a different type from those provided by quantitative research.
CD44 is a physiological E-selectin ligand on neutrophils
Authors: Katayama Yoshio , Hidalgo Andrés , Chang Jungshan , Peired Anna , Frenette Paul S.
Published: April 2005

The selectin family of adhesion molecules and their glycoconjugated ligands are essential for blood polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) extravasation into inflammatory and infectious sites. However, E-selectin ligands on PMNs are not well characterized. We show here that CD44 immunopurified from G-CSF–differentiated 32D cells or from peripheral blood PMNs binds specifically to E-selectin. In contrast, CD44 extracted from bone marrow stromal or brain endothelial cell lines does not interact with E-selectin, suggesting cell-specific posttranslational modifications of CD44. PMN-derived CD44 binding activity is mediated by sialylated, α(1,3) fucosylated, N-linked glycans. CD44 enables slow leukocyte rolling on E-selectin expressed on inflamed endothelium in vivo and cooperates with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand–1 to recruit neutrophils into thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and staphylococcal enterotoxin A–injected skin pouch. CD44 extracted from human PMNs also binds to E-selectin. Moreover, we demonstrate that CD44 is hypofucosylated in PMNs from a patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II, suggesting that it contributes to the syndrome. These findings thus suggest broader roles for CD44 in the innate immune response and uncover a potential new target for diseases in which selectins play a prominent role.
Boosting antitumor responses of T lymphocytes infiltrating human prostate cancers
Authors: Bronte Vincenzo , Kasic Tihana , Gri Giorgia , Gallana Keti , Borsellino Giovanna , Marigo Ilaria , Battistini Luca , Iafrate Massimo , Prayer-Galetti Tommaso , Pagano Francesco , Viola Antonella
Published: April 2005

Immunotherapy may provide valid alternative therapy for patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. However, if the tumor environment exerts a suppressive action on antigen-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), immunotherapy will achieve little, if any, success. In this study, we analyzed the modulation of TIL responses by the tumor environment using collagen gel matrix–supported organ cultures of human prostate carcinomas. Our results indicate that human prostatic adenocarcinomas are infiltrated by terminally differentiated cytotoxic T lymphocytes that are, however, in an unresponsive status. We demonstrate the presence of high levels of nitrotyrosines in prostatic TIL, suggesting a local production of peroxynitrites. By inhibiting the activity of arginase and nitric oxide synthase, key enzymes of L-arginine metabolism that are highly expressed in malignant but not in normal prostates, reduced tyrosine nitration and restoration of TIL responsiveness to tumor were achieved. The metabolic control exerted by the tumor on TIL function was confirmed in a transgenic mouse prostate model, which exhibits similarities with human prostate cancer. These results identify a novel and dominant mechanism by which cancers induce immunosuppression in situ and suggest novel strategies for tumor immunotherapy.
Contribution of DNA polymerase η to immunoglobulin gene hypermutation in the mouse
Authors: Delbos Frédéric , De Smet Annie , Faili Ahmad , Aoufouchi Said , Weill Jean-Claude , Reynaud Claude-Agnès
Published: April 2005

The mutation pattern of immunoglobulin genes was studied in mice deficient for DNA polymerase η, a translesional polymerase whose inactivation is responsible for the xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) syndrome in humans. Mutations show an 85% G/C biased pattern, similar to that reported for XP-V patients. Breeding these mice with animals harboring the stop codon mutation of the 129/Olain background in their DNA polymerase ι gene did not alter this pattern further. Although this G/C biased mutation profile resembles that of mice deficient in the MSH2 or MSH6 components of the mismatch repair complex, the residual A/T mutagenesis of polη-deficient mice differs markedly. This suggests that, in the absence of polη, the MSH2–MSH6 complex is able to recruit another DNA polymerase that is more accurate at copying A/T bases, possibly polκ, to assume its function in hypermutation.
On the existence and uniqueness of steady state solutions in thermoelastic contact with frictional heating
Authors: Andersson L.-E , Klarbring A , Barber J.R , Ciavarella M
Published: April 2005

It is well known that contact and friction in thermoelasticity result in mathematical problems which may lack solutions or have multiple solutions. Previously, issues related to thermal contact and issues related to frictional heating have been discussed separately. In this work, the two effects are coupled. Theorems of existence and uniqueness of solutions in two or three space dimensions are obtained—essentially extending, to frictional heating, results due to Duvaut, which were built on Barber's heat exchange conditions. Two qualitatively different existence results are given. The first one requires that the contact thermal resistance goes to zero at least as fast as the inverse of the contact pressure. The second existence theorem requires no such growth condition, but requires instead that the frictional heating, i.e. the sliding velocity times the friction coefficient, is small enough. Finally, it is shown that a solution is unique if the inverse of the contact thermal resistance is Lipschitz continuous and the Lipschitz constant, as well as the frictional heating, is small enough.