bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics Analysis of Next Generation Sequencing Data Identifies Molecular Biomarkers Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alur Varun , Raju Varshita , Vastrad Basavaraj , Vastrad Chanabasayya , Kavatagimath Satish , Kotturshetti Shivakumar
Published: February 2023

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common metabolic disorder. The aim of the present investigation was to identify gene signature specific to T2DM.

Methods:

The next generation sequencing (NGS) dataset GSE81608 was retrieved from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between T2DM and normal controls. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, modules, miRNA (micro RNA)-hub gene regulatory network construction and TF (transcription factor)-hub gene regulatory network construction, and topological analysis were performed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was also performed to verify the prognostic value of hub genes.

Results:

A total of 927 DEGs (461 were up regulated and 466 down regulated genes) were identified in T2DM. GO and REACTOME results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in protein metabolic process, establishment of localization, metabolism of proteins, and metabolism. The top centrality hub genes APP, MYH9, TCTN2, USP7, SYNPO, GRB2, HSP90AB1, UBC, HSPA5, and SQSTM1 were screened out as the critical genes. ROC analysis provides prognostic value of hub genes.

Conclusion:

The potential crucial genes, especially APP, MYH9, TCTN2, USP7, SYNPO, GRB2, HSP90AB1, UBC, HSPA5, and SQSTM1, might be linked with risk of T2DM. Our study provided novel insights of T2DM into genetics, molecular pathogenesis, and novel therapeutic targets.
Politically motivated interpersonal biases: Polarizing effects of partisanship and immigration attitudes
Authors: Hrbková Lenka , Voda Petr , Havlík Vlastimil
Published: February 2023

We demonstrate effects of political preferences on interpersonal interactions in the environment of the highly unstable and volatile party system of the Czech Republic. The effects of partisanship on interpersonal relations are compared to the effects of attitudes on a salient issue. Two experiments confirm the potential of political partisanship to affect the individual’s ingroup preferences and outgroup biases, which can influence willingness to converse with others in the context of an unstable party system. In a conjoint experiment, dis/agreement on immigration has comparable effects on interpersonal interactions. Avoidance of interactions with out-partisans is amplified when out-partisans talk about politics often. The patterns of ingroup preferences and outgroup biases are replicated in a trust game experiment. Both partisanship and immigration attitudes influence how subjects interact with others. Given the political context, the study provides a hard test of politically motivated ingroup and outgroup biases stemming both from party and policy preferences.
Children and young people’s participation in decision-making within healthcare organisations in New Zealand: An integrative review
Authors: Foster Mandie , Blamires Julie , Moir Chris , Jones Virginia , Shrestha-Ranjit Jagamaya , Fenton Brie , Dickinson Annette
Published: February 2023

There is a paucity of literature on children and young people’s participation in decision-making within healthcare organisations in New Zealand. This integrative review examined child self-reported peer-reviewed manuscripts and published guidelines, policy, reviews, expert opinion and legislation to explore how New Zealand children and young people participate in discussions and decision-making processes within healthcare settings and what are barriers and benefits to such participation. Four child self-reported peer-reviewed manuscripts and twelve expert opinion documents were retrieved from four electronic databases including academic, government and institutional websites. Inductive content thematic analysis generated one theme (a discourse in children and young people’s participation within healthcare settings), four sub-themes, 11 categories, 93 codes and 202 findings. It is evident within this review that there is a discourse between what expert opinion are stating is required to promote children and young people’s participation in discussions and decision-making processes within healthcare settings and what is occurring in practice. Despite literature reporting on how children and young people’s participation and voice were essential for healthcare provision, there was sparse literature published on children and young people’s participation in discussions and decision-making processes in healthcare delivery in New Zealand.
Turning around the camera: Self-portraits of an anthropologist on Instagram
Authors: Bluteau Joshua M
Published: February 2023

This photo essay explores the practice of digital self-portraiture as an epistemological practice. Drawing on the well-established role of photography within the anthropological canon, this photo essay looks with a new criticality on the act of self-portraiture by an anthropologist as both performative praxis and ethnographic tool. Employing a series of digital photographs taken in Venice, this essay explores how the practice of taking self-portraits to enrich an Instagram self is a vital step in the ethnographic research of social media. Allowing the researcher to engage with the practices of their interlocutors through performing the same actions as they do.
To See the Invisible: An Empirical Comparison of Methods for Text-Based Sentiment Analysis of Online Contents From People With Autism Spectrum Condition
Authors: Ko Kuan-Chou , Liu Shian-Ko , Wei Chih-Ping , Hsieh Jia-Shiuan , Yang Ren-Han
Published: February 2023

With the growing awareness of autism, more and more organizations tried to adapt their service offerings to the special needs of autistic groups. However, the extant relevant research in marketing is still limited, and lacks empirical evidence from the field as well as affective measures. Thus, we explore a secondary research method that is able to capture affective states of autistic people. This research aims to solve two critical assumption questions relevant to the feasibility to utilize online secondary data here: (1) How to efficiently discriminate autistic groups from neurotypical people among a huge amount of unstructured online data, given that the autistic identity is usually unlabeled and invisible? (2) Do the online contents by autistic groups provide good diagnosticity for sentiment analysis, given that many studies in this area doubted the emotional processing ability of autistic people? In our case study, we focused on people who were diagnosed with autism and successfully identified 664 autistic individuals, and then collected their user-generated content on Reddit. In the end, we collected 9305 sentences in 842 posts for sentiment analysis. Based on the results of three content analysis methods in our case study, we recommend a hybrid method that involves a collaboration between human coders and AI-enabled analysis. We provide a detailed procedure about how to implement this method, and also metrics that help to evaluate the analysis results. This method can significantly improve the efficiency of the coding process with an acceptable loss of data points, which solves the first assumption question. This paper further shows that autistic groups would provide emotional information in an online environment but in a different behavioral pattern at the aggregate level, which solves the second assumption question and is initial evidence to encourage future empirical research on autistic consumers to include emotional factors.
Shared decision-making in persons living with dementia: A scoping review
Authors: Mattos Meghan K , Gibson Jessie S , Wilson Dan , Jepson Laura , Ahn Soojung , Williams Ishan C
Published: February 2023

Evidence supports that older adults with cognitive impairment can reliably communicate their values and choices, even as cognition may decline. Shared decision-making, including the patient, family members, and healthcare providers, is critical to patient-centered care. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize what is known about shared decision-making in persons living with dementia. A scoping review was completed in PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Keywords included content areas of dementia and shared decision-making. Inclusion criteria were as follows: description of shared or cooperative decision making, cognitively impaired patient population, adult patient, and original research. Review articles were excluded, as well as those for which the formal healthcare provider was the only team member involved in the decision-making (e.g., physician), and/or the patient sample was not cognitively impaired. Systematically extracted data were organized in a table, compared, and synthesized. The search yielded 263 non-duplicate articles that were screened by title and abstract. Ninety-three articles remained, and the full text was reviewed; 32 articles were eligible for this review. Studies were from across Europe ( n = 23), North America ( n = 7), and Australia ( n = 2). The majority of the articles used a qualitative study design, and 10 used a quantitative study design. Categories of similar shared decision-making topics emerged, including health promotion, end-of-life, advanced care planning, and housing decisions. The majority of articles focused on shared decision-making regarding health promotion for the patient ( n = 16). Findings illustrate that shared decision-making requires deliberate effort and is preferred among family members, healthcare providers, and patients with dementia. Future research should include more robust efficacy testing of decision-making tools, incorporation of evidence-based shared decisionmaking approaches based on cognitive status/diagnosis, and consideration of geographical/cultural differences in healthcare delivery systems.
Sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on adaptive back-EMF observer
Authors: Cao Xiangang , Ye Yu , Duan Yong , Wu Yuze , Yang Xin
Published: February 2023

Aiming at the problem that the change of motor parameters in actual operation will significantly reduce the control accuracy of the motor, this paper proposes a sensorless control method of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on an adaptive back-EMF observer. Firstly, in the sensorless vector control algorithm, the mathematical model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the coordinate axis transformation is established, online identification of permanent magnet synchronous motor flux linkage, and the adaptive back EMF observer is constructed. The parameters update the motor model to achieve accurate control of the rotor position and speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. Then the back-EMF observer and the adaptive back-EMF observer are verified in the simulation environment. Then the simulation model of the back-EMF observer and the adaptive back-EMF observer is carried out, and the comparison analysis is made. Finally, a permanent magnet synchronous motor control platform is built in the laboratory, and the method proposed in this paper is verified. The results show that, under the condition that the permanent magnet synchronous motor parameters change, the online identification of the parameters and the accurate speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor can be realized control.
In sight, out of mind? Disengagement at encoding gradually reduces recall of location
Authors: Martarelli Corinna S , Ovalle-Fresa Rebecca
Published: February 2023

Disengaging from the external world—a phenomenon referred to as mind wandering—is a common experience that has been shown to be associated with detriments in cognitive performance across a large range of tasks. In the current web-based study, we used a continuous delayed estimation paradigm to investigate the impact of task disengagement at encoding on subsequent recall of location. Task disengagement was assessed with thought probes on a dichotomous (off- vs. on-task) and a continuous response scale (from 0% to 100% on-task). This approach allowed us to consider perceptual decoupling in both a dichotomous and a graded manner. In the first study ( n = 54), we found a negative relationship between levels of task disengagement at encoding and subsequent recall of location measured in degrees. This finding supports a graded perceptual decoupling process rather than a decoupling that happens in an all-or-none manner. In the second study ( n = 104), we replicated this finding. An analysis of 22 participants showing enough off-task trials to fit the data with the standard mixture model revealed that in this particular subsample, being disengaged from the task at encoding was related to worse long-term memory performance in terms of likelihood to recall but not in terms of precision with which information is recalled. Overall, the findings suggest a graded nature of task disengagement that covaries with fine-grained differences in subsequent recall of location. Going forwards, it will be important to test the validity of continuous measures of mind-wandering.
Easy to process, hard to control: Transient and sustained processing fluency impairs cognitive control adjustments to conflict
Authors: Oliveira Gonçalo A , Remondes Miguel , Garcia-Marques Teresa
Published: February 2023

Recent research suggests that the cognitive monitoring system of control could be using negative affective cues intrinsic to changes in information processing to initiate top-down regulatory mechanisms. Here, we propose that positive feelings of ease-of-processing could be picked up by the monitoring system as a cue indicating that control is not necessary, leading to maladaptive control adjustments. We simultaneously target control adjustments driven by task context and on a trial-by-trial level, macro-, and micro-adjustments. This hypothesis was tested using a Stroop-like task comprised trials varying in congruence and perceptual fluency. A pseudo randomisation procedure within different proportion of congruence conditions was used to maximise discrepancy and fluency effects. Results suggest that in a mostly congruent context participants committed more fast errors when incongruent trials were easy-to-read. Moreover, within the mostly incongruent condition, we also found more errors on incongruent trials after experiencing the facilitation effect of repeated congruent trials. These results suggest that transient and sustained feelings of processing fluency can downregulate control mechanisms, leading to failed adaptive adjustments to conflict.
Dynamic assessment of the upper extremity: a review of available and emerging technologies
Authors: Wolff Aviva L. , Kwasnicki Richard M. , Farnebo Simon , Horwitz Maxim D.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this review article is to provide an update on the realm of emerging technology available for the assessment of dynamic functional movement of the hand and upper limb. A critical overview of the literature and a conceptual framework for use of such technologies is proposed. The framework explores three broad purpose categories including customization of care, functional surveillance and interventions through biofeedback strategies. State-of-the-art technologies are described, from basic activity monitors to feedback-enabled robotic gloves, along with exemplar trials and clinical applications. The future of technologies innovation in hand pathology is proposed in the context of the current obstacles and opportunities for hand surgeons and therapists.
Violence Toward and by Youth: Part II: Recommendations for Violence Interventions in the School Setting
Authors: Selekman Janice , Monforto Kathleen , Selekman Daniel
Published: February 2023

Violence toward and by youth is a public health crisis that can partially be addressed by the modified Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence (ABC) Model. Part I of this two-part series discussed the types of violence and the risk and protective factors that affect the prevalence of violence; it also addressed the emotions and thoughts that occur before the behaviors to help explain “why” youth engage in violence. Part II focuses on possible interventions by the school nurse and school staff. The modified ABC Model allows school nurses to focus on interventions that address the emotions and thoughts resulting from the antecedents as well as promote protective factors. Through their role in primary prevention, school nurses can also address risk factors for violence and participate in school and the wider community’s efforts to mitigate violence.
Olanzapine for the treatment of ICU delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Si Bo , Liu Shan , Gao Kai , Wu Guo Zhi , Zu Guo , Jie Liu Jin
Published: February 2023

Background:

As an atypical antipsychotic drug, olanzapine is one of the most commonly used drugs for delirium control. There are no systematic evaluations or meta-analyses of the efficacy and safety of olanzapine for delirium control in critically ill adults.

Objectives:

In this meta-analysis, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of olanzapine for delirium control in critically ill adults in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Data Sources and Methods:

From inception to October 2022, 12 electronic databases were searched. We retrieved randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective cohort studies of critically ill adults with delirium that compared the effects of olanzapine and other interventions, including routine care (no intervention), nonpharmaceutical interventions and pharmaceutical interventions. The main outcome measures were the (a) relief of delirium symptoms and (b) a decrease in delirium duration. Secondary outcomes were ICU and in-hospital mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, incidence of adverse events, cognitive function, sleep quality, quality of life, mechanical ventilation time, endotracheal intubation rate and delirium recurrence rate. We applied a random effects model.

Results:

Data from 10 studies (four RCTs and six retrospective cohort studies) involving 7076 patients (2459 in the olanzapine group and 4617 in the control group) were included. Olanzapine did not effectively relieve delirium symptoms (OR = 1.36, 95% CI [0.83, 2.28], p = 0.21), nor did it shorten the duration of delirium [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.02, 95% CI [−1.04, 1.09], p = 0.97] when compared with other interventions. Pooled data from three studies showed that the use of olanzapine reduced the incidence of hypotension (OR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.20, 0.95], p = 0.04) compared with other pharmaceuticals. There was no significant difference in other secondary outcomes, including ICU or hospital length of stay, in-hospital mortality, extrapyramidal reactions, QTc interval prolongation, or overall incidence of other adverse reactions. The number of included studies was not sufficient for performing a comparison between olanzapine and no intervention.

Conclusion:

Compared with other interventions, olanzapine has no advantage in alleviating delirium symptoms and shortening delirium duration in critically ill adults. However, there is some evidence that the rate of hypotension was lower in patients who received olanzapine than in those who received other pharmaceutical interventions. There was a nonsignificant difference in the length of ICU or hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, and other adverse reactions. This study provides reference data for delirium research and clinical drug intervention strategies in critically ill adults.

Registration:

Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42021277232).
Because the machine can discriminate: How machine learning serves and transforms biological explanations of human difference
Authors: Lockhart Jeffrey W.
Published: February 2023

Research on scientific/intellectual movements, and social movements generally, tends to focus on resources and conditions outside the substance of the movements, such as funding and publication opportunities or the prestige and networks of movement actors. Drawing on Pinch’s theory of technologies as institutions, I argue that research methods can also serve as resources for scientific movements by institutionalizing their ideas in research practice. I demonstrate the argument with the case of neuroscience, where the adoption of machine learning changed how scientists think about measurement and modeling of group difference. This provided an opportunity for members of the sex difference movement by offering a ‘truly categorical’ quantitative methodology that aligned more closely with their understanding of male and female brains and bodies as categorically distinct. The result was a flurry of publications and symbiotic relationships with other researchers that rescued a scientific movement which had been growing increasingly untenable under the prior methodological regime of univariate, frequentist analyses. I call for increased sociological attention to the inner workings of technologies that we typically black box in light of their potential consequences for the social world. I also suggest that machine learning in particular might have wide-reaching implications for how we conceive of human groups beyond sex, including race, sexuality, criminality, and political position, where scientists are just beginning to adopt its methods.
Physical activity and asthma symptom control in children during COVID-19 lockdown: A feasibility study
Authors: Ding Xiaorong , Whelan Maxine E , Clifton David A , Zhu Tingting
Published: February 2023

Objective

The aim was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on physical activity (PA) and asthma symptom control in children.

Methods

We conducted a single-cohort observational study on 22 children with a median age of 9 (8–11) years with a diagnosis of asthma being included in the study. Participants were asked to wear a PA tracker for 3 months; during the same 3-month period, the Paediatric Asthma Diary (PAD) was administered daily and the Asthma Control (AC) Questionnaire together with the mini-Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life (AQoL) Questionnaire administered at weekly intervals.

Results

Compared with the pre-lockdown period, there was a significant reduction in PA levels after the lockdown began. Daily total steps reduced by about 3000 steps ( p < 0.001), very active minutes by 9 min ( p < 0.001) and fairly active minutes almost halved ( p < 0.001); while asthma symptom control marginally improved, with the AC and AQoL score improving by 0.56 ( p < 0.005) and 0.47 ( p < 0.05), respectively. Further, for those with AC score higher than 1, PA was positively associated with asthma control both before and after the lockdown.

Conclusions

This feasibility study suggests that PA engagement of children with asthma is negatively affected during the pandemic, but the beneficial effect of PA on asthma symptom control potentially sustains even during a lockdown period. These findings emphasize the importance of wearable device to monitor longitudinal PA and thus better management of PA for achieving the best outcome of asthma symptom control.
The General Flow Proneness Scale: Aspects of Reliability and Validity of a New 13-Item Scale Assessing Flow
Authors: Elnes Magdalena , Sigmundsson Hermundur
Published: February 2023

In this article, we report the development and validation of a new measure for flow proneness. The General Flow Proneness Scale is a quantitative measure which is simple to administer, and is context independent. Test-retest reliability was tested on 23 adults, 1 week apart. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCs) between the test and retest scores was .956. The General Flow Proneness Scale was further tested on 228 participants between 18 and 76 years of age (mean age = 34.66, SD = 14.75), which allowed for the exploration of applicability, internal consistency, and construct validity. The overall results indicate that the scale is applicable for the age studied (18–76). All individual item scores showed a positive correlation with the total score, and ranged between .20 and .67. The Cronbach’s alpha value was .78 for the standardized items. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the total score of the General Flow Proneness Scale and the total score of the Swedish Flow Proneness Questionnaire including all domains was r = .573 ( p < .001); for the student group r  = .645 ( p < .001); for the professionally active group r  = .475 ( p < .001). These promising results warrant further development of the General Flow Proneness scale, including normalization based on a larger, representative sample.
Experiential Product Promotions on e-Commerce Platform: From the Perspective of Consumer Cognition and Emotion
Authors: Yang Xian , Lai Bilian , Tang Chaolan
Published: February 2023

To probe into consumer behavior from the perspective of cognition and emotion, meanwhile offering objective and quantitative physiological evidence for advertisers, e-commerce platforms selling experiential products, and other e-commerce platforms for holiday promotional activities. This paper adopted a combination of multi-channel physiometer and questionnaire survey, in which a total of 42 subjects including 18 men and 24 women is selected and recruited. (1) Factors such as promotion, music background, and model backdrop help to enhance the festive atmosphere of e-commerce platforms and stimulate positive emotions of consumers; (2) Greeting cards can stimulate positive emotions among female consumers, but they are not statistically significant in stimulating male consumers; (3) The effect of warm and cold colors on the sympathetic nerves of consumers is significant, among which warm colors can significantly ignite the positive emotions; and (4) Although not all indicators of multi-channel physiometer are consistent with questionnaire data, the differences can be explained, so it proves to be a sound method to quantitatively measure emotions. This paper conducted multi-channel physiometer research on E-commerce platform promotions and consumer behaviors from the perspective of cognition and emotion, which provided an objective quantitative method for online retailers and marketers.
A Comparative Study on the Impact of Online and Blended Learning
Authors: Ali Ashraf , Khan Raja Muhammad Ishtiaq , Alouraini Abdullah
Published: February 2023

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated the transformation of educational institutions across the globe by implementing online and blended learning, which becomes an important aspect of the instruction and learning processes. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of both online and blended learning methods on grammatical knowledge and skill acquisition via an experimental approach. The study recruited 76 first-year medical learners to participate in an experiment for 7 weeks. Specifically, the experimental group studied the learning material face-to-face for 7 hours with 8 hours online, while the control group studied the same material online for 15 hours. The data were collected through pre-test and post-test. Although both approaches significantly improved learners’ grammar performance, the study results discovered significantly higher learners’ performance in a blended learning environment compared to solely online learning.
Sustainability Learning in Organizations: Integrated Model of Learning Approaches and Contextual Factors
Authors: Razali Murni Zarina Mohamed , Jamil Rossilah
Published: February 2023

Employee learning plays a vital role in corporate sustainability strategy. Past attempts to map sustainability learning (SL) in organizations have fallen short in explaining the interactions between key learning approaches and the dynamics within the learning environment. This paper is based on a study conducted to explore how employees learned sustainability in organizations and the contextual factors that facilitated their learning process. The study adopted the interpretivist qualitative approach in data collection. Semi-structured interviews were used as the main method, supported by participant observation and document analysis. The findings found evidence suggesting an interplay between several types of learning approaches in SL and highlighted important contextual factors that facilitated the learning environment. Based on the findings, this paper proposes an integrated model for sustainable learning that contributes to refining understanding of the SL process and can be used to assist organizations in enhancing their SL programs. This research addresses the dearth of studies on SL in the organizational setting. It also provides theoretical contribution by providing a clearer overview regarding how SL occurs among employees based on the perspectives of social, experiential, and transformative learning theories.
Letters to the Public: What Goes Viral Online?
Authors: Wold Thomas
Published: February 2023

Social media posts made by ordinary people are in most cases only viewed by a small number of friends and contacts. But some posts get thousands of likes, comments, and shares, a phenomenon often dubbed as going viral. This paper provides a content analysis of viral Facebook posts published by common people in Norway, and of the news coverage they received. The social media posts that go viral in Norway deal with a variety of topics, like health care, elderly care, bullying, traffic safety, unemployment, animal welfare, school, and education. Some of the viral posts were open job applications, and some were creative expressions. Many of the posts address political issues, and becomes part of the public debate. The posts are personal in their mode of address, often with an emotional appeal for civic engagement. They resemble the letters to the editor, though they bypass the editor and go directly to online self-publication, and in this way, moving parts of the public debate from the newspapers to social media. Most of the viral posts got news coverage, which in most cases focused more on the popularity cues and the virality of the post, and less on the topic the post addressed.
Social Media as Mobilizer and Demobilizer: Evidence From Taiwan
Authors: Wang Ching-Hsing , Tsai Chia-hung
Published: February 2023

This study examines the effect of social media use on voter turnout. Given that different social media platforms provide different types of content and people use different social media platforms for different purposes, this study argues that there exist differentiated relationships between different types of social media and voter turnout. Using an original panel data set for the 2018 Taipei mayoral election in Taiwan, this study evaluates how five different types of social media—Facebook, LINE, YouTube, Instagram, and PTT—influence voter participation. The empirical results show that people with frequent use of Facebook and PTT are more likely to vote, whereas the frequent use of YouTube and Instagram decreases voter turnout. Furthermore, the use of LINE has no influence on voter participation. Overall, this study reveals that different types of social media exert heterogeneous effects on voter turnout and suggests that when it comes to the influence of social media on voter turnout, we should pay attention to not only the frequency of social media use but also the purpose of social media use.
A new system of authorship best assessment
Authors: Saba Luca , Porcu Michele , De Rubeis Gianluca , Balestrieri Antonella , Serra Alessandra , Carta Mauro Giovanni
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

The standard bibliometric indexes (“ m-quotient “ H-,” “ H2-,” “ g-,” “ a-,” “ m-,” and “ r-” index) do not considered the research’ position in the author list of the paper. We proposed a new methodology, System of Authorship Best Assessment (SABA), to characterize the scientific output based on authors’ position.

Material and Methods:

Four classes S1A, S1B, S2A, and S2B include only papers where the researcher is in first, first/last, first/second/last, and first/second/second-last/last position respectively were used for the calculation of H-index and number of citations The system was tested with Noble prize winners controlled with researchers matched for H-index. The different in percentage between standard bibliometric index and S2B was calculated and compared.

Results:

The percentage differences in Noble prize winners between S2B- H-index versus Global H-index and number of citations is very lower comparing with control group (median 4.15% [adjusted 95% CI, 2.54–5.30] vs 9.00 [adjusted 95% CI, 7.16–11.84], p < 0.001; average difference 8.7% vs 20.3%). All different in percentage between standard bibliometric index and S2B except two ( H2- and m-index) were significantly lower among Noble prize compared with control group.

Conclusion:

The SABA methodology better weight the research impact by showing that for excellent profiles the S2B is similar to global values whereas for other researchers there is a significant difference.
Intramuscular Pressure and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients Surgically Treated for Anterior Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Lindorsson Sophia , Zhang Qiuxia , Brisby Helena , Rennerfelt Kajsa
Published: February 2023

Background:

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) causes exercise-induced leg pain. The diagnosis is confirmed by intramuscular pressure (IMP) measurements. Fasciotomy has been demonstrated to be a successful treatment for CECS; however, few studies have examined postoperative IMP and long-term outcomes.

Purpose:

To evaluate long-term outcomes and postoperative IMP in patients surgically treated for anterior CECS, and to identify possible preoperative or postoperative factors associated with overall satisfaction with treatment at follow-up.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A consecutive series of 209 patients who underwent fasciotomy of the anterior compartment for CECS between 2009 and 2019 and had at least 1 year of follow-up were approached for inclusion. A total of 144 patients (69%), with a follow-up time of 1 to 11.5 years, were ultimately included. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative 1-minute postexercise IMP measurements of the anterior compartment and completed a questionnaire covering pain and activity parameters at both time points. The follow-up questionnaire included an additional question on overall satisfaction with treatment, and surgical details were collected from the patient’s medical records.

Results:

The median IMP was significantly lower at follow-up than at baseline (17 mm Hg [range, 5-91 mm Hg] vs 49 mm Hg [range, 25-130 mm Hg]; P < .001). The overall satisfaction rate was 77%, and 83% reported a decreased pain level. The group of patients who were satisfied with the treatment included more men and had a higher ΔIMP and a lower revision rate ( P < .05). Among the 16 patients (11%) who had undergone revision fasciotomies before follow-up, the satisfaction rate was 56%, and 64% reported a decrease in pain level.

Conclusion:

Fasciotomy significantly reduced 1-minute postexercise IMP in patients with CECS and resulted in satisfaction and decreased pain in more than three-quarters of the patients at long-term follow-up. The male sex and a significant decrease in IMP were both positively associated with treatment satisfaction. Patients who underwent revision surgery before the follow-up had lower satisfaction rates and less pain reduction than the overall group.
Methods for Detecting Abnormal Ventilation in Children - the Case Study of 13-Years old Pitt-Hopkins Girl
Authors: Nokelainen Pekka , Perez-Macias Jose-Maria , Himanen Sari-Leena , Hakala Anna , Tenhunen Mirja
Published: February 2023

We present contactless technology measuring abnormal ventilation and compare it with polysomnography (PSG). A 13-years old girl with Pitt-Hopkins syndrome presented hyperpnoea periods with apneic spells. The PSG was conducted simultaneously with Emfit movement sensor (Emfit, Finland) and video camera with depth sensor (NEL, Finland). The respiratory efforts from PSG, Emfit sensor, and NEL were compared. In addition, we measured daytime breathing with tracheal microphone (PneaVox,France). The aim was to deepen the knowledge of daytime hyperpnoea periods and ensure that no upper airway obstruction was present during sleep. The signs of upper airway obstruction were not detected despite of minor sleep time. Monitoring respiratory effort with PSG is demanding in all patient groups. The used unobtrusive methods were capable to reveal breathing frequency and hyperpnoea periods. Every day diagnostics need technology like this for monitoring vital signs at hospital wards and at home from subjects with disabilities and co-operation difficulties.
Nurses’ Lived Experiences of Moral Courage Inhibitors: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Namadi Farideh , Shahbaz Azam , Jasemi Madineh
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Moral courage (MC) has been characterized among the vital strategies, adopted by nurses, for dealing with moral distress; even though there are some factors hindering the development of this behavior in clinical settings.

Objective

The present study accordingly aimed to shed light on Iranian nurses’ lived experiences regarding MC inhibitors.

Methods

This qualitative descriptive study was fulfilled, using conventional content analysis. For this purpose, the participants comprised of 15 nurses were recruited purposively from teaching hospitals in Iran. As well, in-depth, individual semistructured interviews in a face-to-face mode were held for data collection. The data were further analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman's method.

Results

The analysis of the interviews revealed some MC inhibitors, including the individual factors (viz., personality traits, fear of job loss, poor scientific/practical skills, lack of ethical knowledge, and phobia of unpleasant experience recurrence), and the organizational ones (namely, no reward system, lack of power at work and physician dominance, inadequate organizational support, and suppressive environment).

Conclusion

The study findings demonstrated that the MC inhibitors in the nursing practice could be split into two general themes, that is, the individual and organizational ones. Accordingly, organizations could motivate nurses to make ethical decisions courageously, using supporting strategies, such as giving importance to nurses and empowering them, applying appropriate evaluation criteria, and appreciating ethical performance in these frontline healthcare workers.
Surgical Construct Associated with Time to Fusion in Double and Isolated Talonavicular Arthrodeses
Authors: Guareschi Alexander , Hoch Caroline , Reid Jared J. , Morningstar Joshua , Scott Daniel , Gross Christopher
Published: February 2023

Category:

Hindfoot; Ankle Arthritis

Introduction/ Purpose:

Double arthrodesis of the subtalar (ST) and talonavicular (TN) joints, along with isolated TN arthrodesis, are commonly performed for hindfoot osteoarthritis and rigid hindfoot deformity. Few studies have examined the effects of the type of ST and TN fixation constructs on nonunion rate following double and isolated TN arthrodesis procedures. This study evaluates the effect of surgical construct on the union rate and time to fusion in patients undergoing double or isolated TN arthrodesis.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review identified 52 patients (52 feet) who underwent double or isolated TN arthrodesis between 2016 and 2021 by a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon with at least six months of follow-up (mean=1.62 years, range=0.50- 4.39 years). Data collected included demographics, medical history, surgical indication, surgical constructs used, complications, reoperations, patient-reported outcome measures, and radiographic measures. ST constructs included one (n=4) or two (n=44; parallel=43, divergent=1) cannulated screws, while TN constructs included dorsal plate (n=2), dorsal plate and screw (n=10), isolated screws (n=3) screw and staple (n=29), or isolated staples (n=13). At the time of their surgery, the mean age was 60.39 (range, 17-80) years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 33.89 (range, 20.74-48.41) kg/m2, and most subjects were non-smokers (94.7%). Mean follow-up duration was 1.62 (range, 0.50-4.39) years.

Results:

Overall complication and reoperation rates were 26.3% and 12.3%, respectively. Among TN constructs, the time to ST (p=.026) and TN (p=.018) fusion was statistically significantly slower among patients receiving a plate and screw TN construct. Complication rate did not differ by construct, but reoperation rate was significantly higher for the plate and screw TN construct (p=.039). Postoperative Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) Quality of Life (p=.028) and Total (p=.016) scores were significantly better among plate and screw TN constructs.

Conclusion:

The utilization of a screw and staple or isolated staple construct have a statistically significantly quicker time to fusion and lower reoperation rates than plate and screw constructs for the TN joint. These findings can be used to guide clinician decision-making while allowing physicians to take their personal construct preference into account, as well as serve as a useful starting point to other researchers interested in investigating the impact of surgical constructs on ST and TN fusions.
Minimally invasive Vs open medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy. A cadaveric study
Authors: Salameh Motasem , Hsu Raymond Y. , Abousayed Mostafa , Blankenhorn Brad
Published: February 2023

Category:

Hindfoot; Hindfoot

Introduction/ Purpose:

Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO) is routinely used to correct hindfoot valgus in flexible pes planovalgus deformities. Classically MDCO was described through a lateral heel oblique incision with soft tissue dissection and the use of sagittal saw. Recently, minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques have gained popularity among foot and ankle surgeons, with the aim to reduce wound complications and postoperative pain and swelling. MIS calcaneal osteotomy was reported to be safe and effective as compared to open techniques. The aim of this cadaveric study was to compare the degree of deformity correction (coronal calcaneal displacement) using MIS vs open MDCO.

Methods:

Eight matched pairs foot and ankle cadaveric specimen were used. All specimens were checked radiographically for any previous foot and ankle operations or deformities. For each pair, one foot (right or left) was randomly assigned to either open or MIS MDCO. After the completion of osteotomy, the calcaneal tuberosity was maximally displaced medially and fixed with 2 mm wire. The displacement was measured manually using a flexible metric ruler. All osteotomies and manual measurement was done by the same Orthopaedic surgeon. Displacement was measured on standardized axial calcaneal radiographs by three blinded foot and ankle Orthopaedic surgeons independently using an image processing software with standard scaling for magnification. The displacement was measured laterally on the anterior body fragment and medially on the posterior tuberosity fragment Figures 1. Data was compared using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test with the P value of < 0.05 considered significant.

Results:

Five right and three left ankles underwent MIS osteotomy. On manual measurement the mean medial displacement was 7.87 mm and 8.66 mm for MIS and open technique respectively P=0.21). On radiographs, on medial measurements the average displacement of MIS osteotomy was 5.83 mm compared to 6.36 mm for the open group with a P value of 0.34. On lateral measurements the average displacement of MIS osteotomy was 5.94 mm compared to 6.17 mm for the open group with a P value of 0.67.

Conclusion:

This cadaveric study reported comparable coronal displacement using MIS vs open techniques for medical displacement calcaneal osteotomy. MIS calcaneal osteotomy offers a reliable alternative to open techniques with the potential advantages of lower wound related complications.
Follow-up Rates After Teleretinal Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy: Assessing Patient Barriers to Care
Authors: Patil Sachi A. , Sanchez Victor J. , Bank Georgia , Nair Archana A. , Pandit Saagar , Schuman Joel S. , Dedania Vaidehi , Parikh Ravi , Mehta Nitish , Colby Kathryn , Modi Yasha S.
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To study patient follow-up after they engage in a teleretinal screening program and to understand potential barriers to care. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis and a prospective study of telephone-based patient interviews of outpatients screened for diabetic retinopathy (DR) through a teleretinal referral system. Results: Of 2761 patients screened through a teleretinal referral program, 123 (4.5%) had moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR), 83 (3.0%) had severe NPDR, and 31 (1.1%) had proliferative DR. Of the 114 patients with severe NPDR or worse, 67 (58.8%) saw an ophthalmologist within 3 months of referral. Eighty percent of interviewed patients reported they were not aware of the need for follow-up eye appointments. Conclusions: Of patients with severe retinopathy or worse, 58.8% presented for in-person evaluation and treatment within 3 months of screening. Although this result was negatively affected by factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic, key elements of patient education and improved referral strategies to facilitate in-person treatment are essential to improving follow-up after patients engage in telescreening.
These Are Not the Effects You Are Looking for: Causality and the Within-/Between-Persons Distinction in Longitudinal Data Analysis
Authors: Rohrer Julia M. , Murayama Kou
Published: February 2023

In psychological science, researchers often pay particular attention to the distinction between within- and between-persons relationships in longitudinal data analysis. Here, we aim to clarify the relationship between the within- and between-persons distinction and causal inference and show that the distinction is informative but does not play a decisive role in causal inference. Our main points are threefold. First, within-persons data are not necessary for causal inference; for example, between-persons experiments can inform about (average) causal effects. Second, within-persons data are not sufficient for causal inference; for example, time-varying confounders can lead to spurious within-persons associations. Finally, despite not being sufficient, within-persons data can be tremendously helpful for causal inference. We provide pointers to help readers navigate the more technical literature on longitudinal models and conclude with a call for more conceptual clarity: Instead of letting statistical models dictate which substantive questions researchers ask, researchers should start with well-defined theoretical estimands, which in turn determine both study design and data analysis.
Neurobiology of Disorganized Attachment: A Review of Primary Studies on Human Beings
Authors: Arancibia Marcelo , Lutz Mariane , Ardiles Álvaro , Fuentes Camila
Published: February 2023

This article describes and analyzes various aspects related to the neurobiology of disorganized attachment (DA), which is associated with personality, eating, affective, dissociative, and addictive disorders. We included primary studies in humans, published in PubMed from 2000 to 2022. Eight genetic and one epigenetic study were considered. Three molecular studies describe possible roles of oxytocin and cortisol, seven neurophysiological studies investigated functional correlates, and five morphological studies describe anatomical changes. Findings in candidate genes involved in dopaminergic, serotonergic, and oxytonergic systems have not been able to be replicated in large-scale human studies. Alterations in the functioning of cortisol and oxytocin are preliminary. Neurophysiological studies show changes in subcortical structures (mainly in the hippocampus) and occipital, temporal, parietal, and insular cortices. Since there is a lack of robust evidence on the neurobiology of DA in humans, the possible inferences of these studies are preliminary, which restricts their translation to clinical parameters.