bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Navicular Bone: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Abang Innocent E. , Anisi Chukwuemeka , Asuquo Joseph E. , Agweye Pius U. , Ikpeme Ikpeme A. , Bassey Iya Eze
Published: October 2022

Osteomyelitis of the navicular bone is not common; the few reported cases are haematogenous osteomyelitis of the navicular bone and were mostly seen in children and another case seen in an adult. We are presenting a case of domestic accident resulting in chronic osteomyelitis of the navicular bone in an adult caused by direct inoculation of infection following traditional bone setter’s mismanagement and subsequent surgery on the same foot. Consent is duly obtained from the patient to present this case report. The aim of this case presentation is to highlight the need for high index of suspicion of osteomyelitis of the bones of the foot in adult which are not necessarily secondary to haematogenous spread as seen in children but due to direct inoculation of micro- organisms, the study also seeks to demonstrate a complete cure of chronic osteomyelitis following proper debridement of the sequestrum with adequate use of the relevant antibiotics for the specified durations of administration. The patronage of traditional bone setters by most patients in Africa is still worrisome because this results in delayed presentation and attendant complications as seen in this index patient. In conclusion, chronic osteomyelitis of navicular in adults tend to follow direct inoculation of micro-organism but with a radical debridement with appropriate administration of antibiotics can result in cure. However, health education is necessary to discourage patients’ patronage of traditional bone setters and encouraging early presentation with good outcomes.
A Special Case of Prune Belly Syndrome
Authors: Madkouri H. El , Azzahiri I. , DAHA I. , Zouita B. , Basraoui D. , Jalal H.
Published: October 2022

Prune Belly syndrome (SPB) is an extremely rare and complex anatomo-radiological entity with a clear male predominance, characterized by the triad made up of aplasia or hypoplasia of the muscles of the anterior wall of the abdomen, dilatations of the urinary tract and bilateral cryptorchidism. This condition is associated in 75% of cases with pulmonary, skeletal, cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations. There are also so-called incomplete or partial forms that are more common in females and are known as Pseudo-Prune Belly Syndrome. The evolution of this entity is characterized by several complications and the prognosis depends mainly on the severity of the renal damage as well as the presence of pulmonary hypoplasia. Imaging confirms the observed abnormalities. We report the case of a 4-year-old male child presenting with sudden onset abdominal distension evolving for 7 days prior to admission in which the clinical examination found a crumpled and loose wrinkle of the abdominal wall more marked on the right. Abdominal wall muscle hypoplasia was confirmed by abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography.
Apical Ballooning Syndrome: A Cardiac Syndrome Mimicking Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zerhoudi R. , Essaket I. , Bourzeg K. , Zbitou A. , Bouzerda A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Apical ballooning syndrome, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or broken heart syndrome, is a rare but currently well recognized clinical entity. It occurs after severe emotional or physical stress, most often in postmenopausal women, and mimics the symptoms and signs of acute coronary syndrome, in the absence of significant coronary injury. This cardiomyopathy is rapidly and completely reversible. The exact pathophysiological mechanism of the condition remains debated; several hypotheses have been put forward, the most credible of which seems to be a sudden hyperadrenergic reaction related to stress. Objective: To report the case of a patient with clinical features of possible myocardial infarction but diagnosed as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Case Report: The patient was a 64-year-old woman with no cardiovascular risk factors other than age and menopause, and no particular pathological history. She was admitted on Day 3 with infarct-like chest pain, which appeared following an episode of emotional stress, associated with NYHA stage III dyspnea. On admission, the patient was pain free. The clinical examination found a conscious patient, hemodynamically and respiratory stable, apyretic. The cardiovascular examination was unremarkable. The ECG was in sinus rhythm, showing a QS aspect in the anterosepto-apical area associated with negative T waves in the inferolateral area. The biological workup showed an inflammatory syndrome, with positive troponin at 650ng/l. The thoracic echocardiography showed an aspect of hypokinetic cardiopathy at the dilated stage with severe LV dysfunction (LVEF at 38%), a thin and flexible mitral valve with restriction of the small mitral valve with moderate mitral insufficiency (SOR at 20 cm2 and RV at 19 ml), a dilated left atrium. Coronary angiography showed angiographically healthy coronary arteries, and an MRI was performed, confirming the diagnosis of Takutsbo cardiomyopathy. Discussion and Conclusion: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an increasingly recognized clinical entity, characterized by apical left ventricular dysfunction with chest pain, electrocardiographic changes, minimal biomarker changes, and no coronary lesions. In most cases, an episode of emotional or physical stress precedes the event. Its pathophysiological mechanism remains unknown, but high circulating catecholamines seem to be the triggering factor and the most plausible explanation for this primary acquired cardiomyopathy. It is important to be aware of this diagnosis in patients presenting with ACS because its evolution is most often spontaneously favorable.
Results of Surgical Treatment of the Simple Umbilical Hernia at the Service of Pediatrically Surgery University Center Hospitalize Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Senegal
Authors: S Sidibé, , M Coulibaly, T. H. , A Dramé, , O Ndour, , G Ngom,
Published: October 2022

The authors report on their experiences in the surgical treatment of simple umbilical hernia in African children and a focus on pathology in resource-limited settings. However, this pathology pose a real aesthetic problem especially in young girls but surgery is the salvating treatment with good results.
Identification and Prevention of Schizophrenic Aggression in Psychiatry
Authors: Moussaoui N El , Bahetta S , Laboudi F , Ouanass A
Published: October 2022

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental pathology with polymorphous symptoms, disabling on the emotional, relational, behavioral and social levels. In some cases, it can increase the risk of self- and heteroaggressive violence, requiring adapted care protocols, proposed in particular in psychiatric units. Violence has always been a major concern in psychiatry, which is considered to be a place with a high prevalence of violence. Patients with mental illnesses, particularly schizophrenia, are the most likely to become violent, and the staff working in psychiatric facilities are the most at risk. It is therefore important to know the impact on caregivers, and how they manage this violence. The present study, carried out in the Ar-razi hospital in Salé, has the following objectives to know the risk that the nursing staff in a psychiatric hospital is facing, to identify the behavior to be held to manage the violence of the schizophrenics, and identify preventive measures against violence.
Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in Children
Authors: Kabbaj M. , Zouiri G. , GHOUDA H. , Kriouile Y.
Published: October 2022

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is a type of neurological syndrome that can be paraneoplastic or non-paraneoplastic in nature. It is a recently discovered that is becoming much more recognized in children. The symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis occur as a result of autoimmune antibody binding to the NMDA receptor on certain neuronal cell surfaces. Patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis are described as having a change in mental status manifested by abrupt changes from calm behaviors to agitation, aggression or extreme irritability. In children, the first symptom to be recognized is often non-psychiatric: convulsion, status epilepticus, dystonia, verbal reduction or mutism .The diagnosis is clinical and confirmation is easy with demonstration of antibodies in serum and CSF; Early diagnosis and aggressive immunotherapy are imperative. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis can be reversible if diagnosed and treated early.
Teratoid Cyst: A Rare Lingual Lesion, About a Case
Authors: Maflah Z. , Abakka F. , Zouita B. , Basraoui D. , Jalal H.
Published: October 2022

Dermoid cysts are dyssembryogenic tumors of ubiquitous location. Their histological aspects are varied. The tongue is a very rare location; about 20 cases have been reported in the literature. Only 6 of them were teratoid cysts (characterized by the presence of respiratory ciliated epithelium). The authors report a new observation of this rare entity in a 5-year-old male child who presented with macroglossia with speech impairment. The CT scan showed a cystic lesion on the dorsal surface of the tongue. The treatment consisted of a complete removal of the cyst. From this observation, we discuss the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, histological and therapeutic aspects of this extremely rare entity, whose diagnosis must be evoked before any lingual swelling in children.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PROFITABILITY OF SELECTED INDIAN CEMENT COMPANIES
Authors: Meenakshi M Huggi
Published: October 2022

Profitability means a company’s ability to earn return on investment through its business activities. It shows how the resources are efficiently utilised to achieve its goal of earning profits. Profits are essential for the organisation to make dividend payments to its shareholders as well as retain a part of profits as reserves to overcome the unforeseen circumstances in the near future. The attempt is made in this study to know the profitability position of three cement companies in terms of gross profit margin, net profit margin and return on equity and return on capital employed and deep insight is to be made with regards to return to shareholders as well as debt holders of the company. Shree cement limited stands first in satisfying both equity holder and debt holder as compared to Ultra tech cement and Dalmia Bharat cement limited,
KEY WORDS: Gross Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, ROE, ROCE,
A STUDY ON GENDER DIVERSITY IN TOP AND MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGEMENT IN IT SECTORS IN INDIA
Authors: Niveda Kumar  , Vijay Mahesh K. V  , Dr.Amalanathan P
Published: October 2022

Treating men and women equal has been a strive since a long time. When we are talking about Gender diversity in the workplace, it deals with equal opportunities for hiring and equal chance for promotional activities. According to the companies act 2013, the board requires at least one woman as a member. Information technology has been the biggest exporters of India and one of the largest hirers in the private sector. This research brings out the problems women face to continue work and to succeed in it. The current study also sheds light on the situation of gender diversity in Indian organisations and the most recent developments worldwide in the area of gender diversity and inclusion as an important strategic advantage.
KEY WORDS: Gender, diversity, workplace, Gender equality, IT sector.
IMPACT OF IN-STORE FACTORS ON IMPULSE PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR OF SUPERMARKET CONSUMERS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM CHENNAI CITY
Authors: Mr. Rubul Bora
Published: October 2022

There has been a lot of discussion in the marketing literature on how in-store features affect customer impulsive buying, but surprisingly few researches have looked at how in-store elements relate to demographic profiles. Researcher conducted a field study at supermarkets in Chennai, India to understand more about the factors that influence buyers impulse purchases while they are in the store. A primary survey is conducted among supermarket shoppers in Chennai, India, to identify in-store factors (window display, visual merchandising, sales promotion, and store environment) influencing consumer impulse buying behaviours via demographic variables. A self-administered questionnaire on a Likert scale was developed, and it was used to interview 125 customers who shop at supermarkets in Chennai city. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS program, and an ANOVA was used to validate the studys stated hypothesis. The findings indicated that there is no significant relation between consumer groups impulse purchasing behaviour and their demographics (gender, age, education, and income) except visual merchandising on both male and female customers.
KEY WORDS: Impulse buying behaviour, In-store factors, Window display, Store environment, Visual merchandising, Sales promotion.
Learners' ability to make a decision: between the challenges of psychological research and the constraints of field practice
Authors: Nehass Brahim , Zarhbouch Benaissa
Published: October 2022

This research deals with the ability to make a decision, which represents a complex mental process in which many cognitive, emotional, and psychological processes overlap, enabling one to choose a possibility from among different options. Its importance is not limited to helping learners choose an appropriate educational path, but it is also related to their preparation to face the various transformations they will face in their life journey. To complete our understanding of this psychological ability, we must start, first, from its scientific meaning and its practical importance in preparing learners who are able to make their choices and assume their responsibilities in making appropriate decisions for their capabilities and ambitions, With reference, secondly, to the role of early training in helping learners possess this ability and its beneficial use in various social contexts, It is also necessary to determine the reflection of this psychological and educational, scientific interest on the reality of the Moroccan educational system by examining the official documents framed for this system, in its section on education for choice and education for guidance and Counselling, and by comparing them with the evaluation reports revealing the reality of field practice.
Keywords: Decision Making Ability; Education Choice; Education for the professions; Educational Guidance; Career Guidance; Moroccan Educational System
Becoming an Effective Classroom Manager: Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions of their Classroom Management Education and Self-Efficacy Beliefs
Authors: Sharooj Binate Zahid  , Yaar Muhammad  , Yasira Waqar
Published: October 2022

It is very important that preservice teachers are provided an effective classroom management education so that they can develop the knowledge, attitude, and practices expected from an effective classroom manager. This study explores the preservice teachers’ perceptions of their classroom management education. This is a qualitative study using a hermeneutic phenomenology research design. Eleven participants from a private university were interviewed using a semi-structured interview tool. The findings suggest that preservice teachers are provided with multiple skills, from emotional support to moral reinforcement and diversity management, so that they can become skillful classroom managers. The significance of preservice teachers, their training, and different aspects of how a classroom should be, have been discussed in the research. Overall, it’s qualitative research, and it elaborates on preservice teachers’ perceptions of multiple domains of classroom management education in an education department.
ALTERNATİV ENERJİ MƏNBƏLƏRİNİN NƏZARƏT VƏ İDARƏETMƏ SİSTEMİNİN İŞLƏNMƏSİ
Authors: Qəhrəman Həsənov, Cəmilə Səmədova Qəhrəman Həsənov, Cəmilə Səmədova , Sevinc Quliyeva, Elman Əlixanov Sevinc Quliyeva, Elman Əlixanov
Published: October 2022

Geotermal suların kompleks istifadəsi imkanları araşdırılmış, prosesin idarə edilmə məsələsi tədqiq edilmiş, müsbət nəticələr əldə olunmuşdur. Termal suların tərkib və xüsusiyyətlərindən asılı olaraq geotermal ehtiyatların istifadəsinin əsas istiqaməti təyin edilmişdir. Termal sulardan kompleks istifadənin təmin edilməsi məqsədilə bu suların axıdıldığı boruların korroziyaya davamlılıq məsələsinə baxılmışdır.
Açar sözlər: geotermal enerji, buxar turbini, generator, alternativ mənbələr, elektrik enerjisi.
AZƏRBAYCANIN TUF YATAQLARI
Authors: Həmid Aslanov Həmid Aslanov , İntizar Əliyeva İntizar Əliyeva
Published: October 2022

Təqdim edilən materialda Azərbaycanın tuf yataqlarının ümumi xarakteristikası verilmişdir. Məqalə Ley-Qarabağ, Misxana-Zəngəzur, Araz və Talış struktur-formasiya zonasının Azərbaycan hissələrində yerləşən tuf yataqlarının geoloji quruluşu, kimyəvi və geokimyəvi tərkib xüsusiyyətləri, geotektonik, o cümlədən vulkano-tektonik mövqeləri, morfologiyası, ölçüləri, ehtiyatları ilə yanaşı onların müxtəlif növ faydalı qazıntı qismində istismara cəlb edilərək çıxarılması və istifadə edilməsi öz əksini tapmışdır. Tovuz rayonundakı Hacıalılar, Kəlbəcər rayonunda yerləşən Kilsəli, Qazax rayonundakı Bayramlı, Göygöl rayonunda yerləşən Murut, Gədəbəy rayonunda aşkarlanmış Dəyirmandağ, həmçinin Naxçıvan MR yerləşən Əznəbürd (Babək rayonu), Əbrəqunus (Culfa rayonu) və Batabat (Şabran rayonu) tuf yataqları ətraflı səciyyələndirilərək təsvir edilmişdir.
Azərbaycan Respublikasının Ermənistanın hərbi təcavüzündən azad olmuş əraziləri Kiçik Qafqaz meqaantiklinoriumunun cənub-şərq hissəsini əhatə edir. Bu ərazilər özünə məxsus geoloji quruluşu, filizli kompleksləri, geoloji-tektonik inkişaf şəraiti, geomorfoloji özəllikləri, mineragenik və struktuk formasion xüsusiyyətləri ilə səciyyələnir.
Ermənistanın Azərbaycan ərazisini zəbt etməsinin əsas səbəbi də bu torpaqların zəngin təbii sərvətlər malik olmasıdır.
Beləliklə respublikamızın Dağlıq Qarabağ və onun ətrafındakı ərazilərinin 30 il müddətində işqal altında saxnılması bizim təbii ehtiyatlarımızın Ermənistan tərəfindən istismarına və talan edilməsinə səbəb olmuşdur. İşqal dövründə erməni qəsbkarları Azərbaycanın filiz yataqlarını vəhşicəsinə talamaqla yanaşı çoxsaylı trass (Qaymaqlı, Kəmərli, Göyərçin-Veysəlli və s.), tuf (Hacalılar, Kilsəli, Bayramlı, Murut və s.), vulkan külü (Batabat, Hoçaz qrupu, Şəl və qrupu və s.). Perlit-obsidian-pemza (Böyük Dəvəgözü, Kiçik Dəvəğözü, Keçəldağ və s.) yataqlarının tufogen süxurlarınıda qəsbkarlar dagıtmışlar və ətraf təbii mühitə olduqca ağır ziyan vurmuşlar.
Açar sözlər: perlit-obsidan-pemza, geomorfoloji, yataqlar, istismar, talan, meqaantiklinorium.
KİMYƏVİ QAZ SENSORLARININ YÜKSƏK BİNALARIN ELEKTRON YANĞIN TƏHLÜKƏSİZLİK SİSTEMLƏRİNDƏ İSTİFADƏSİ PERSPEKTİVLƏRİ
Authors: Fərid  Ağayev Fərid  Ağayev , Ruslan  Dadaşov Ruslan  Dadaşov , Cavidə  Dəmirova Cavidə  Dəmirova
Published: October 2022

Yüksək çoxmərtəbəli binalar onların tərkibində müxtəlif təyinatlı sistemlərin istifadəsi ilə əlaqədar olaraq mühəndis-texniki baxımdan mürəkkəb obyektlər sayılır. Çox sayda müxtəlif sistemlərin bu tip binalarda geniş istifadəsi, onları yaşayış üçün istifadə edən və texniki baxımdan istismar edən insan faktorları bu binaların istismarını yanğın təhlükəsizliyi baxımından ön plana çəkir.
Təqdim edilən məqalənin yazılmasında əsas məqsəd yüksək çoxmərtəbəli binaların yanğın təhlükəsizliyi baxımından effektivliyinin artırılması üçün müxtəlif sensorların istifadə perspektivlərinin araşdırılması təşkil edir. Məqalənin əvvəlində adətən geniş istifadə edilən yanğın xəbərdarlıq sensorları araşdırılmış, onların istifadəsinin müsbət və mənfi cəhətləri göstərilmişdir və sonra kimyəvi qaz sensorlarının təyinatı, təsnifatı və onların yanğın təhlükəsizlik sistemlərində istifadə edilməsi xüsusiyyətləri verilmişdir. Kimyəvi sensorların işləmə xüsusiyyətləri nəzərə alınaraq onların yaxın gələcəkdə ənənəvi istifadə edilən detektorlara, ya alternativ bir variant kimi və ya onlarla birgə istifadə edilməsi perspektivləri araşdırılmışdır. Artıq praktikada həm ənənəvi və həm də kimyəvi sensorların birgə kombinə edilmiş sensor kimi istifadə edilməsi tendensiyası göz qabağındadır. Qeyd edək ki, şübhəsiz bu tip detektorlar keyfiiyət göstəriciləri baxımından ənnəvi detektorlardan üstündür, lakin bu yanaşmaya əsaslanan bu həll sensorların və son nəticədə sistemin də qiymətinin artmasına qətirib çıxarır və bəzi hallarda bu sistemləri istifadə edən subyektlər üçün yolverilməz olur.
Bu sensorların istifadə edilməsi perspektivliyini araşdırmaq üçün təbii olaraq həm ənənəvi və həm də kimyəvi sensorların müqayisəli analizi verilmişdir. Bu zaman hər iki tətbiq variantlarının istismar xüsusiyyətlərinə təsir edən obyektiv və subyektiv səbəblər araşdırılmışdır, çünki bu səbəblər bir vəhdət təşkil edərək təhlükəsizlik məsələlərinin həllində bu və ya digər qərarların qəbulunda böyük rol oynayırlar.
Məqalədə kimyəvi sensorların istifadəsi zəruriliyi əsaslandırılmışdır, çünki bildiyimiz kimi bu və ya digər ənənəvi istifadə edilən sensorlar heçdə optimal deyillər və onların yanğın hadisəsinə reksiya müddəti ya çoxdur, və ya onlar müəyyən xarici təsirlər nəticəsində qeyri-effektivdirlər.
Kimyəvi sensorların məqalədə qısa xülasəsi öz əksini tapmışdır. Onların təsnifatı, işləmə prinsipləri və istifadə xüsusiyyətləri verilmişdir. Bu zaman əsas diqqət elektrokimyəvi və kimyəvi optik sensorlara verilmişdir. Optik kimyəvi sensorların işləməsinin əsasını təşkil edən əsas fiziki hadisələr nəzərdən keçirilmişdir. Absorbsiya tipli inteqrasiya olunmuş optik kimyəvi sensorun iş prinsipi təsvir edilmişdir. İnteqrasiya edilmiş optik sensorların istifadəsinin potensial imkanları göstərilmişdir.
Açar sözlər: yanğın, yanğın xəbərdarlıq sistemləri, yanğın sensorları, kimyəvi sensorlar, qaz sensorları.
TEZLİK ÇEVİRİCİSİ ÜÇÜN DÜZLƏNDİRİCİLƏR QRUPUNUN TƏHLİLİ
Authors: Gülşən Kərimzadə Gülşən Kərimzadə
Published: October 2022

Təqdim edilən məqalədə tezlik çeviriciləri üçün düzləndiricilər qrupunun təhlili və işlənməsi məsələlərinə baxılmışdır. Tədqiqat obyekti kimi sabit cərəyan keçidli tezlik çeviricisi üçün düzləndiricilər qrupunun təhlili, xüsusiyyətləri verilir.Məqsəd sabit cərəyan keçidi olan tezlik çeviricisi üçün düzləndiricilər qrupunu inkişaf etdirmək və öyrənməkdən ibarətdir. Tədqiq edilən düzləndirici nasos qurğularının intiqallarında və yüksək harmonikalı intiqallarda istifadə olunur. Elektrik şəbəkəsinin ideal şəraiti vəziyyətində düzləndiricilərin qrupu təxminən 12% ümumi cərəyanın harmonik əmsalını əldə etməyə imkan verir.
Açar sözlər : tezlik çeviricisi, düzləndirici qrupu,idarəetmə sistemi,nasos qurğusu, elektrik intiqal, güc hissəsi, elektrik şəbəkə, enerji, sürət, sabit cərəyan.
Effect of Sowing Dates and Compound Fertilizer NPK on Growth and Yield of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Al-Obady Rayan F. A. , Shaker Ayad T.
Published: October 2022

Two field experiments were conducted during winter growing season 2019-2020 at Ninevah Governorate at two locations: Talkief and Al-Hamdaniya. The main objective was to study the effect of two sowing dates (November 2017 and December 2017), and four levels of N15P15K15 fertilizers (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg. ha-1) on growth and yield of flax under rainfed conditions. The factorial experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with triplicate. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between sowing dates in all the studied characters in the both locations, the date of sowing (November 17) gave the highest rate of plant height, number of fruiting branches. plant-1, number of capsules. plant-1, number of seeds. capsule-1, 1000 seed weight , seed yield, seed oil percentage and linolenic acid percentage. Adding NPK fertilizer with 200 Kg NPK.ha-1 to the soil was superior in some characters i.e. plant height, number of fruiting branches. plant-1, number of capsules. plant-1 and number of seeds. capsule-1 in Al-Hamdaniya location, Whereas linolenic acid percentage was superior in Talkief location, Also highest seeds oil percentage was obtained in both locations. The interaction between date (November 17) with 200 kg.ha-1 of N15P15K15 fertilizer was significantly (p<0.05) superior in linolenic acid percentage in Talkief location only.
New Recording of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains from the Contents of Adult Chicken Intestines
Authors: Al-Salhi Ahmed A. , Al-Shatty Sabah M. , Al-Imara Eman A. , Al-Khfaji Qutiba J.
Published: October 2022

The study was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Food Science at Basrah University's, Faculty of Agriculture from 15/11/2020 to 26/12/2020, to study the flora of lactic acid bacteria in digestive parts )Jejunum, Ileum, and Ceca (for healthy adult chickens and identifying the target part that contains the largest number of lactic acid bacteria for different types of poultry. As a result, as well as isolating bacterial colonies after three times, and being genetically Identified with PCR, seven new species of lactic acid bacteria were acquired and registered at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) as new local strains, both in Iraq and around the world, as follows: Lactobacillus gasseri strain Al-Salhi-1, Lactobacillus helveticus strain Al-Salhi-2, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain Al-Salhi-3, Limosilactobacillus reuteri strain AhQuSa-1, Limosilactobacillus sp. strain AhQuSa-2, Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain AhQuSa-3, Lactobacillus Johnsonii strain AhQuSa-4. The results also showed a significant superiority (P≤0.05) in the logarithmic numbers of lactic acid bacteria in the jejunum for each of : the group of birds bred in local environments, as well as in the group of birds bred in commercial fields in comparison with the Ileum and Ceca, as the bacterial content was in the group of local birds : 6.52, 5.21, 4.15 (Cfu/g) for each of the jejunum, ileum and Ceca, respectively, while in the group of commercial birds it reached: 6.35, 5.02, 3.92 (Cfu/g) for each of the jejunum, ileum and Ceca, respectively.
Effect of Adding Different Concentrations of Cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Chicken Mortadella
Authors: Abdel Hassan Khalid H. , Eskander Mohammed Z. , Al-Rubai’y Hassan H. M.
Published: October 2022

Four chicken mortadella were prepared: C (control), M1, M2 and M3 by addition of 10%, 15%, and 20% of minced cowpea, respectively). The effect of adding minced cowpea on the physical, chemical, microbial, and sensory evaluation of mortadella had been studied. Results revealed that there were significant differences in fat, carbohydrates, and ash percentages in the mortadella. The fat percentage was gradually decreased from 15.13 % in the control group to 11.03 % in M3. Carbohydrate and ash were increased from 3.94, 2.53 % in the control group to 7.14, and 2.76 % in M3 respectively according to the increase of cowpea in the mortadella. Protein and moisture were increased with no significant difference in all mortadella examined. Water holding capacity was increased significantly by adding minced cowpea. Microbial load test revealed that there was an obvious decrease in total bacterial count and Escherichia coli with an increase of cowpea in the mortadella. For sensory evaluation there were significant differences in some characteristics between control and other groups, colour, flavour, and taste decreased according to the increase of cowpea in the mortadella formulations, the decrease was high in the M3 group and low in M1 and M2 groups with some similarity to the control group. The texture was improved by adding more minced cowpea to the   mortadella particularly in the M3 group. Accordingly, the effect of these quality properties was reflected in the degree of general acceptance of the mortadella formulations.
Ukrainische Germanistik: Aktueller Stand und Perspektiven
Authors: Paslawska Alla
Published: October 2022

Die ukrainische Germanistik erlebt zur Zeit zusammen mit ihrem Land eine schwierige Phase. Die russische Aggression gegen die Ukraine hat alle Bereiche des gesellschaftlichen Lebens betroffen. Keine Ausnahme bildet dabei auch die Germanistik, die in der Ukraine auf reichen Traditionen
aufbaut und mit anderen Auslandsgermanistiken mitzuhalten versucht.
Deutsch-italienischer Kulturtransfer im 18. Jahrhundert. Konstellationen, Medien, Kontexte. Hrsg. von Chiara Conterno und Astrid Dröse. Bologna: Bononia University Press, 2020. 245 S., 11 Abb. (= Rizomatica; 13)
Authors: Gabbiadini Guglielmo
Published: October 2022

In der 2012 ins Leben gerufenen Reihe Rizomatica der Bononia University Press ist unlängst ein neuer, perspektivenreicher Sammelband erschienen, der Konstellationen, Medien und Kontexte des deutsch-italienischen Kulturtransfers im 18. Jahrhundert gewidmet ist. Der Publikationsort
hätte geeigneter kaum sein können: Die Reihe präsentiert sich programmatisch als ein Hort freier Mannigfaltigkeit, und sie ist nicht zuletzt darum bemüht, den akademischen Dialog zwischen verschiedenen Forschungsrichtungen tatkräftig zu fördern. Das ist, sieht
man genau hin, auch das Ziel der zwei Herausgeberinnen des vorliegenden Sammelbandes, Chiara Conterno und Astrid Dröse. Mit großer editorischer Sorgfalt haben sie eindrucksvolle Untersuchungen und Studien versammelt, die anhand einer Reihe signifikanter Fallbeispiele innovative
Aspekte des deutsch-italienischen Kulturaustauschs im großen Jahrhundert aufgeklärter ,,Welterfahrung“ (S. 12) erhellen. Was die Kulturtransferforschung zwischen Italien und dem deutschsprachigen Kulturraum insbesondere angeht, hat sich die Reihe Rizomatica
übrigens bereits in vielfacher Hinsicht verdient gemacht, und dies in erster Linie durch die Monographie von Giulia Cantarutti, Fra Italia e Germania. Studi sul transfert culturale italo-tedesco nell’età dei Lumi (2013), ein Exemplum philologischer Gründlichkeit
und sprachlicher Eleganz, dessen Impulse nicht zuletzt im vorliegenden Band einen fruchtbaren Niederschlag gefunden haben.
Sigmund von Birken: Amalfis. Ein unvollendetes Versepos auf den kaiserlichen General Ottavio Piccolomini (1599–1656). Herausgegeben und mit Einleitung und Kommentar versehen von Hartmut Laufhütte. Passau: Ralf Schuster Verlag 2021; (Betuliana. Unbekannte Werke aus
dem Nachlaß und dem Umfeld Sigmund von Birkens (1626–1681). Hrsg. von Hartmut Laufhütte in Zusammenarbeit mit Ralf Schuster, Bd. 1). 66 + 158 Seiten, 17 Abb. Sigmund von Birken: Selenianum. Panegyrisches für das Wolfenbütteler Welfenhaus.
Herausgegeben und mit Einleitung und Kommentar versehen von Hartmut Laufhütte. Passau: Ralf Schuster Verlag 2022 (Betuliana. Unbekannte Werke aus dem Nachlaß und dem Umfeld Sigmund von Birkens (1626–1681). Hrsg. von Hartmut Laufhütte in Zusammenarbeit mit Ralf Schuster,
Bd. 2). 60 + 243 Seiten, 25 Abb.
Authors: Noe Alfred
Published: October 2022

Die deutsche Respublica litteraria des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts wird in den letzten Jahrzehnten immer breiter und tiefer erfasst, herausgegeben, kommentiert und analysiert. Das ist natürlich sehr erfreulich. Bedauerlich ist allerdings, dass einige dieser so begrüßenswerten,
weil arbeitsintensiven Unternehmungen aus unterschiedlichen Gründen wenig koordiniert, nicht immer in Abstimmung zwischen den Herausgebern, in verschiedenen Verlagsreihen und daher kaum im Sinne des ursprünglichen Konzepts erfolgen. Als Beispiele seien hier nur die Aufsplitterung
der Frischlin-Ausgabe, der Rist-Ausgabe und nun, im vorliegenden Fall, der Birken-Ausgabe genannt.
Vorschlag für ein drittes Heft des Jahrbuchs für Internationale Germanistik : Transnationalität und der Blick von außen. Deutschsprachige Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte in neuen Dialogräumen
Authors: Conterno Chiara
Published: October 2022

Das dritte Heft des Jahrbuchs für Internationale Germanistik trägt dem Umstand Rechnung, dass Literatur immer stärker in einem komplexen kulturellen, gesellschaftlichen, medialen, interkulturellen und transnationalen Zusammenhang begriffen wird. So scheint in den letzten
Jahrzehnten kulturgeschichtlichen Fragen vor literaturwissenschaftlichen Vorrang gegeben zu werden. In diesem Sinne zielt das zusätzliche Heft darauf ab, aktuelle Fragestellungen im Bereich der germanistischen Literatur-, Kultur- und Medienwissenschaft in einem internationalen Rahmen
aufzugreifen und dabei transnationalen Aspekten und interkulturellen Vernetzungen besonderen Raum zu gewähren. Die unterschiedlichen Facetten der betreffenden literarischen und kulturellen Kontexte, gerade in außerdeutschen Zusammenhängen, und die darüber betriebene Forschung
sollen so ein eigenes Publikationsorgan erhalten. Indem die Auseinandersetzung mit den Literatur- und Kulturgütern unter verstärkten interdisziplinären Fragestellungen angegangen wird, versteht sich das dritte Heft als offenes Forum und produktives Laboratorium der Diskussion.
Anna Haags Kriegstagebücher (1940–1945): Ein Appell für Demokratie, Humanismus und selbständiges Denken
Authors: Pontini Elisa
Published: October 2022

Anna Haag, Mutter von drei Kindern,1 Schriftstellerin und Journalistin von Beruf, beginnt im Mai 1940, ein Kriegstagebuch im Verborgenen zu führen. In 20 handschriftlich abgefassten Heften hält Anna Haag ihre Gedanken und Reflexionen über die aktuelle Lage
in ihrem Land (und der ganzen Welt), über das nationalsozialistische Regime, seine Politik und Propaganda sowie über die Schrecken des Krieges fest. Im Tagebuch, Ort der Privatheit par excellence, kann sie – außerhalb der öffentlichen Presse – ihren
Gedanken freien Raum lassen. Sie verfolgt täglich die politischen Ereignisse und beobachtet aufmerksam das Verhalten ihrer Mitbürger. Kommentare bleiben nicht ausgespart: Anna Haag klagt den Faschismus und die ,Kurzsichtigkeit‘2 (vieler) ihrer Landsleute an,
die das Regime passiv akzeptiert haben und zu Mitläufern geworden sind. Im Tagebuch kommen auch ihre Gefühle und Sorgen als Mutter, (Ehe-)frau und (Welt-)bürgerin zum Ausdruck. Familiengeschehnisse, die ebenso Platz in ihren Zeilen finden, sind immer im großen Zusammenhang
eingebettet. Ein solches regimkritisches Tagebuch (auch wenn privat) zu führen, stellt zweifellos ein großes Risiko dar: Anna Haag weiß, dass es sich dabei um eine lebensgefährliche (jedoch aber um die einzig mögliche) Form von Widerstand handelt, auf die sie keinesfalls
verzichten will.
Embodied Whiteness and Pathologization in EFL
Authors:   City University of New York, Gerald J.P.B.
Published: October 2022

This essay seeks to examine the ways in which pathologization and the centering of whiteness are intertwined in the English Language Teaching (ELT) industry writ large, with a particular focus on the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) subfield in Japan. The author connects the hierarchization inherent to whiteness with the ways that the English teaching field creates and perpetuates oppression, with guidance as to how readers can help combat these inextricable issues. 本論は、日本の英語教育(ELT)、ことにその副分野である外国語としての英語教育(EFL)における、病理的傾向と白人中心主義が相互補完的に関連している理由を明らかにすることを目的としている。更に、英語教育分野における、白人を頂点とするヒエラルキーと永続する抑圧的構造の関係性を示し、この分離不可避な問題と戦う方策を提示したい。
Native-Speakerism Among Japanese Teacher Trainees: Ideology, Framing, and Counter-Framing
Authors:   Ochanomizu University, Lowe Robert
Published: October 2022

Studies on native-speakerism in Japan have covered a variety of issues, and recent work has adopted a framing perspective to examine hidden strands of native-speakerist ideology within the profession which often go unrecognized. Defining a frame as an ideologically-constructed perceptual filter which influences how situations are interpreted, this research has attempted to break down the discourses of dominant or master frames to show the influence of native-speakerist ideology in particular contexts, and to investigate how counter frames have been constructed in resistance to this ideology. This paper will add to this work by focusing on the beliefs of teacher trainees. Through a qualitative study of a class based around critical issues in ELT, the complex web of framing and counter-framing on the part of trainee teachers is examined, and the pervasiveness of the ideology of native-speakerism is highlighted. Finally, some emergent possibilities for resistance are explored. 日本の母語話者中心主義に関する研究は様々な問題を扱ってきたが、最近の研究では、「フレーム理論」の視点を採用し、しばしば認識されることのない母語話者中心主義的イデオロギーの隠れた一面を検証している。本研究では、「フレーム」を、状況の解釈の仕方に影響を与えるイデオロギー的に構築された知覚のフィルターと定義した。また、特定の文脈における母語話者イデオロギーの影響を示すために、支配的または、「主要な（マスター）」フレームの言説を分解し、このイデオロギーに対する「逆の（カウンター）」フレームがいかに構築されてきたかを調査したものである。本論文は、教職課程を履修する学生の信念に注目することで、さらに研究を前進させることを目的としたものだ。ELTの重要な問題に焦点を当てた授業の質的研究を通して、教職課程の学生にあるフレームとカウンターフレームの複雑な関係性を検証し、母語話者中心主義のイデオロギーの広がりを示す。最後に、イデオロギーの影響への抵抗のためのいくつかの新しい可能性を探る。
Afterword
Authors:   Nara University of Education, Amundrud Thomas
Published: October 2022

As guest editor, alongside Shirley Ando and Collette Grant, of JALT Journal’s first special issue on a topic of such timely importance to our organization and to English language teaching (ELT) in Japan more broadly, I humbly felt the weight of expectations for this publication to address with full impact and import the breadth of all issues pertaining to race and native speakerism in ELT. This special issue pushed against such expectations, however, because it was rather motivated by a desire to spur greater discussion within JALT Journal on this topic, and so it should be seen not as a capstone but as a basis for further research, critique, and action. To that end, in this Afterword1 I would like to address some outstanding issues raised by the related articles and books reviewed in this special issue in order to bring together the ideas raised, as well as to pose questions and propose directions for further examination with the hopes that future authors and editors will take these ideas and go beyond them, alongside the limitations and tensions in doing so.
Practicality of Skills Emphasized by Economics Subject Teachers to Enhance Entrepreneurship Ability among Secondary School Students in Moshi District, Tanzania
Authors: Musa : Evarist V. , Chidyau Adam , Kileo Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the practicality of skills emphasised by Economics subject teachers to enhance entrepreneurial ability among secondary school students in Moshi District, Tanzania. The study employed a convergent research design under mixed research approach. Both probability and non-probability sampling techniques were used to sample 93 participants from the target population of 568. The sample included 1 zonal quality assurance officer, 4 Heads of Schoolss, 8 Economics subject teachers, and 80 advanced-level students. An interview guide, questionnaires, and a documentary analysis guide were used for data collection. The validity of the instruments was determined by 3 lecturers who are experts in research, curriculum and instruction. The reliability was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha and a coefficient of 0.769 was obtained. With the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 26), quantitative data were analysed and presented in tables using means, frequencies, and percentages. The qualitative data from the interview guide was gathered and presented through direct quotations and narrations after establishing themes according to the research questions. The study found that entrepreneurial skills are emphasised by advanced Economics subject teachers with great prominence on business management skills, teamwork skills, leadership skills, communication skills, customer care skills, financial skills, analytical and problem-solving skills, advertising skills, and risk-taking skills, as well as time management skills. The study concluded that the entrepreneurship ability of advanced students who were undertaking Economics subject was well developed through different learning approaches employed by their Economics subject teachers, including learner-centered approaches. The study recommended that the government should sponsor the training and retraining of Economics subject teachers to acquire current entrepreneurship knowledge and skills required for self-employment so that they teach students the same.
Bootstrap Equating Errors for the Common-item Nonequivalent Groups Design: A Comparison of Rasch Equating Methods
Authors: Zheng Mingying
Published: October 2022

The nonequivalent groups with anchor test (NEAT) equating design are traditionally based on using a single anchor to adjust for differences in test difficulty which is critical to equating test forms in most large-scale testing programs. When tests differ somewhat in content and length, methods based on the item response theory (IRT) model leads to greater stability of equating results. The current study compared standard errors, bias, and root mean square errors using four Rasch IRT equating methods for the nonequivalent groups with anchor test design. The sizes of the equating anchor were employed in all four different Rasch equating methods to investigate how different anchor sizes may impact the test accuracy of the tests by conducting a simulation study.
Hungarian Freemasons as “Builders of the Habsburg Empire” in Southeastern Europe
Authors: Turóczy Zsófia
Published: October 2022

In the 1890s, Hungarian Freemasonry began to expand its sphere of influence in southeastern Europe. The establishment of lodges in the southeastern border areas and even outside the Kingdom of Hungary exemplifies this expansion. When devising explanations for this policy, the Hungarian Freemasons made use of colonial and imperial discourses to justify expansion into the “Orient” with reference to the alleged civilizing role they attributed to Freemasonry. They divided the world into two parts from a cultural-civilizational point of view: one where Freemasonry was already established and flourishing and another where this form of community and social practice was not yet known or established. This discourse was entangled with political, economic, and academic practices that were prevalent among the Hungarian Freemasons. Masonic activities and discourses therefore merit consideration in the cultural and social context of their time and analysis from the perspective of new imperial histories, especially since the importance of the discourses and political symbolisms used in the expansion and maintenance of imperial structures has already been pointed out by many historians and scholars of cultural studies within the framework of New Imperial History and postcolonial studies With a view to the undertakings of Hungarian Freemasons in the Balkans, this paper asks whether Hungarian Freemasons can also be considered “Builders of the Habsburg Empire.” This question is particularly relevant given that Freemasonry was only permitted in the Hungarian half of the Dual Monarchy. Thus, Hungarian Freemasons acted as both national and imperial actors, and they did so independently of Vienna. As the framework for my discussion here, I focus in this article on the discourses and activities of the Symbolic Grand Lodge of Hungary and the contributions of the most relevant actors, such as the Turkologist Ignácz Kúnos and the journalist and deputy director of the Hungarian Museum of Commerce, Armin Sasváris.
Borderline Syndrome in Fiume: The Clash of Local and Imperial Interests
Authors: Ordasi Ágnes
Published: October 2022

As the only seaport city of the Hungarian Kingdom, Fiume (present day Rijeka, Croatia) was a key area for policies implemented by the central government in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. It was a multi-ethnic hub, an economic, social, political and cultural center, and a highly intensive contact zone where people from various parts of world with different interests and aims met. Fiume was a border, a filter, and a frontier. Moreover, it was an important area in the Hungarian state-defense system. Three important factors deserve particular attention. First, that Fiume was physically enclosed within the Croatian Kingdom, and very much as if it had been an enclave, it did not have common borders with Hungary. Second, due to the way the Hungarian government exercised power and devised its strategies to create a support base (and also because of a fear of efforts towards expansion by Slavs), the government created an Italian-speaking political elite that ruled over Fiume. Third, Fiume enjoyed extraordinarily wide municipal autonomy which included the right to maintain public order and security in the city. The local elites wanted to preserve these rights from the encroaching state. My study has two purposes. First, I discuss the main reasons for the establishment of the border police. Why was it such a vital question for the Hungarian state at the national and the local level, and why did Fiume became the most problematic element in this issue? I highlight how and why the problem of the border police emerged as one of the most crucial conflicts in relations between the state and its port city.
Panchayati Raj and Women Empowerment
Authors: Sharma Dr. Ashwani , Handa Sannia
Published: October 2022

Panchayati Raj was widely accepted because it meant government through mutual consultation, consent, and consensus. It fit right in with India's ancient cultural patterns. The passage of the 73rd amendment by Parliament in 1992 had the potential to usher in genuine democracy at the grassroots village level. This experiment is proving to be a huge success, especially in terms of allowing women to come out of their homes and participate in administrative and political fields. It must be considered that including well-qualified women in village Panchayats at the outset of the Panchayati Raj Institution's interlocution in rural areas would be a vital instrumental measure in planning for improving the social status and empowering women.
The Oral Cavity and its Ecosystem – A Narrative Review
Authors: Kiran Vudata Usha , Nandan Vudata Bhavesh
Published: October 2022

The oral cavity is the hub of several species of microorganisms that protect the oral environment as well as cause the destruction of the hard and soft tissues namely the teeth and the periodontium. The acquisition and maturation of these microbes depend on factors that come into play even before a child takes birth. This article looks into the various aspects that could affect the oral microbiome and its dynamics in the human body.
Spatial Analysis of Flood Prone Areas in Ilaje Local Government Arae, in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Success O Olowojoba , Ezekiel O Eguarojie , Moses A Salami
Published: October 2022

Flood is one of the natural disaster known to be part of the earth biophysical processes, which its occurrence can be devastating; due to mostly anthropogenic activities and climatological factors. The aim of the research is to identify flood prone areas using geospatial techniques and the specific objectives are to carry out terrain analysis of the study area and to generate flood vulnerability map of the study area. The study analyzed rain fall data; soil map, the drainage system and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM 30m) of the area. A geographic positioning system (GPS) device was used to take coordinate points of flooded areas in the study area during field work. With the use of ArcGIS 10.8 version the data were modelled to generate the vulnerability map of the study area. The drainage system was generated through on-screen digitization of topographic map of scale 1:50,000 of Ondo South-West. The mean annual rainfall of Ilaje local government was generated in the ArcGIS environment from the rainfall data through spatial analysis tool. The SRTM was used in terrain analysis of the study area. The soil map of the study area was clipped to generate the different soil map of the area which are Arenosol, Gleysol and Acrisols. Weighted sum analysis of ArcGIS was adopted to generate the final vulnerability map of the area. The results generated showed the lowest mean annual rain fall of the area between 1,880mm and 1,990mm and the highest mean annual rain fall was between 2,340mm and 2,440mm. Digital elevation model (DEM), slope, aspect and flow direction were generated from the SRTM. Drainage density of the area was generated using the drainage system. 360.35km square was vulnerable, 474.79km square was least vulnerable, 235.31km square was moderately vulnerable and 218.01km square was highly vulnerable in the study area.