bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of human activities for (re)emerging infectious diseases, including COVID-19
Authors: Sabin Nundu Sabiti , Calliope Akintije Simba , Simpson Shirley Victoria , Arima Hiroaki , Ito Hiromu , Nishimura Takayuki , Yamamoto Taro
Published: September 2020

Since 1980, the world has been threatened by different waves of emerging disease epidemics. In the twenty-first century, these diseases have become an increasing global concern because of their health and economic impacts in both developed and resource-constrained countries. It is difficult to stop the occurrence of new pathogens in the future due to the interconnection among humans, animals, and the environment. However, it is possible to face a new disease or to reduce the risk of its spread by implementing better early warning systems and effective disease control and prevention, e.g., effective global surveillance, development of technology for better diagnostics, effective treatments, and vaccines, the global political will to respond to any threats and multidisciplinary collaboration involving all sectors in charge of good health maintenance. In this review, we generally describe some factors related to human activities and show how they can play a role in the transmission and spread of infectious diseases by using some diseases as examples. Additionally, we describe and discuss major factors that are facilitating the spread of the new pandemic known as COVID-19 worldwide.
Halysis Høeg, 1932 — an ancestral tabulate coral from the Ordos Basin, North China
Authors: Zheng Li-Jing , Jiang Hong-Xia , Wu Ya-Sheng , Bao Hong-Ping , Zhang Yue-Yang , Ren Jun-Feng , Huang Zheng-Liang
Published: September 2020

The problematic calcareous microfossil Halysis is abundant in the Middle Ordovician Darriwilian Stage of the western edge of the Ordos Basin, North China. The rich and well-preserved specimens of Halysis in this area facilitate detailed studies for its skeletal construction and tube microstructure. Halysis differs from calcified cyanobacteria and calcareous red and green algae in morphology, skeletal construction and microstructure, as well as reproduction mode. Halysis typically consists of multiple juxtaposed parallel tubes arranged in sheets (‘multiple-tube’ type) or is just composed of one tube (‘single-tube’ type). In ‘multiple-tube’ Halysis, tube fission by bifurcation results from the insertion of a microcrystalline wall at the center of a mother tube. This study demonstrates for the first time that the tube walls of Halysis have a laminofibrous (fibronormal) microstructure, composed of fibrous calcite perpendicular to wall surface, and recognizes the ‘single-tube’ type Halysis composed of one tube; in addition, for the first time, this study finds out that ‘multiple-tube’ Halysis develops buddings from the conjunction of two tubes and ‘single-tube’ Halysis shows wide-angle Y-shaped branchings. Based on these findings, this study further compares Halysis with tabulate corals. Halysis appears stratigraphically earlier than Catenipora and Aulopora, and has a smaller tube size. ‘Multiple-tube’ Halysis resembles Catenipora and ‘single-tube’ Halysis resembles Aulopora in skeletal construction and microstructure, and in their tube walls of laminofibrous microstructure composed of fibrous calcite perpendicular to the tube wall surface. Catenipora and Halysis are both characterized by the absence of septal spines. The similarities suggest that Halysis may be the ancestor of Catenipora-like and Aulopora-like tabulate corals.
Association between epilepsy and challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deb Shoumitro , Akrout Brizard Basma , Limbu Bharati
Published: September 2020

Background

Previous systematic reviews showed no significant association between epilepsy and challenging behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Aims

To identify whether there is an association between epilepsy and challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities by carrying out a systematic review of published data. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020178092.

Method

We searched five databases and hand-searched six journals. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full articles using a standardised eligibility checklist. Several meta-analyses were carried out.

Results

The narrative analysis of data from 34 included articles (14 168 adults with intellectual disabilities, 4781 of whom also had epilepsy) showed no significant association between epilepsy and challenging behaviour. Meta-analysis was possible on data from 16 controlled studies. This showed no significant intergroup difference but after sensitivity analysis meta-analysis of 10 studies showed a significantly higher rate of overall challenging behaviour in the epilepsy group (effect size: 0.16) compared with the non-epilepsy group. Aggression and self-injurious behaviour both showed a statistically significant higher rate in the epilepsy group, with very small effect sizes (0.16 and 0.28 respectively). No significant intergroup difference was observed in the rate of stereotypy.

Conclusions

The findings are contradictory and must be interpreted with caution because of the difficulty in pooling data from varied studies, which is likely to introduce confounding. Where significant differences were found, effect sizes are small and may not be clinically significant, and there are major methodological flaws in the included studies, which should be addressed in future large-scale properly controlled studies.
New Horizons: Emerging Therapies and Targets in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Ringel Matthew D
Published: September 2020

The treatment of patients with progressive metastatic follicular cell-derived and medullary thyroid cancers that do not respond to standard therapeutic modalities presents a therapeutic challenge. As a deeper understanding of the molecular drivers for these tumors has occurred and more potent and specific compounds are developed, the number of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments for thyroid cancer has expanded. In addition, with the advent of disease-agnostic target-directed FDA approvals an ever-broadening number of therapeutic options are available for clinicians and patients. However, to date, complete remissions are rare, the average durations of response are relatively modest, and toxicities are common. These factors accentuate the need for further understanding of the mechanisms of resistance that result in treatment failures, the development of biomarkers that can improve patient selection for treatment earlier in the disease process, and the continued need for new therapeutic strategies. In this article, recent approvals relevant to thyroid cancer will be discussed along with selected new potential avenues that might be exploited for future therapies.
New Aspects of Cytochrome c: 3D Domain Swapping, Membrane Interaction, Peroxidase Activity, and Met80 Sulfoxide Modification
Authors: Hirota Shun , Nagao Satoshi
Published: September 2020

Cytochrome (cyt) c is a multifunctional water-soluble heme protein. It transfers electrons from the cyt bc1 complex (Complex III) to cyt c oxidase (Complex IV) in the respiratory chain of mitochondria, and can trigger apoptosis as well. Although cyt c has been studied for more than a century, its new aspects are still being elucidated. For example, we found that cyt c molecules can form oligomers and polymers by 3D domain swapping (3D-DS), where the C-terminal α-helix is exchanged between molecules. 3D-DS is observed in other c-type cyts—although the swapping regions may differ—indicating that 3D-DS is a common feature for c-type cyts. 3D-DS of c-type cyt can occur during protein folding and expression in cells. The electron transfer ability of cyt c decreases by 3D-DS, due to the dissociation of Met80 from the heme iron, whereas the peroxidase activity increases. The cyt c electron transfer partners, Complex III and Complex IV, are embedded in the inner mitochondria membrane, whereas positively charged cyt c interacts with negatively charged cardiolipin (CL) molecules at the inner mitochondrial membrane. We have recently elucidated the CL-interaction site of cyt c at atomic level by NMR spectroscopy using CL-containing bicelles. The membrane interaction site of cyt c is relatively wide and similar to the interaction site for Complex III and Complex IV, indicating that cyt c interacts with lipid membranes and partner proteins in a similar way. When cyt c interacts strongly with CL, Met80 dissociates from the heme iron and the peroxidase activity of cyt c increases. We have shown that the proton concentration at the CL-containing membrane is higher than that in the bulk solution, which may enhance the peroxidase activity of cyt c. The Met80-dissociated cyt c has been shown to oxidize CL, increasing the permeability of cyt c through the membrane. We found that when Met80 is dissociated from the heme iron in cyt c, Met80 can be oxidized to methionine sulfoxide by the peroxidase reaction of the heme of cyt c or its reaction with molecular oxygen under reduced conditions. Met80-oxidized cyt c depicts a higher peroxidase activity compared to that of unmodified cyt c; thus Met80 oxidation may enhance lipid oxidation and eventually apoptosis. These new findings not only help in understanding the structure-function relationships of multifunctional cyt c but also show that there are still hidden properties in well-studied proteins.
Local diagnostic reference levels in pediatric CT examinations: a survey at the largest children’s hospital in Greece
Authors: Ploussi Agapi , Syrgiamiotis Vasileios , Makri Triantafillia , Hatzigiorgi Christiana , Efstathopoulos Efstathios P.
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

The increased frequency of pediatric CT examinations and the high radiosensitivity of children entail the need to determine DRLs and optimize CT protocols. The aim of the study was twofold. Firstly, to establish pediatric LDRLs according to age and weight for the most common types of CT examinations at the largest children’s hospital in Greece. Secondly, to compare LDRLs with European DRLs.

Methods:

A total of 756 pediatric patients who underwent head, chest, and abdomen-pelvis CT examinations were included. Patients were categorized into age groups according to the hospital’s protocols. All CT examinations were performed using iterative reconstruction algorithm and AEC. LDRLs were determined in terms of 75th percentile of CTDIvol and DLP. Values of LDRLs were subsequently regrouped into weight categories and compared with European DRLs.

Results:

Gathering all age groups for head CT examinations and all weight groups for body CT examinations, LDRLs were ranged from (22-68, 2-5, 2-10) mGy in terms of CTDIvol; (317-786, 22-168, 58-425) mGy.cm in terms of DLP per acquisition and (324-838, 42-265, 85-498) mGy.cm in terms of total DLP for head, chest and abdomen-pelvis CT examinations, respectively.

Conclusion:

CTDI LDRLs were comparable to European DRLs for head and either comparable or lower than European DRLs for body CT examinations. DLP LDRLs were higher than European DRLs for head and lower for body CT examinations.

Advances in knowledge:

Age- and weight-based LDRLs for pediatric CT examinations were established for the largest children’s hospital in Greece. Further investigations across the country are required for the establishment of national pediatric DRLs in Greece.
Frequency of hyponatremia caused by sodium picosulfate solution when used as a bowel cleansing agent for colonoscopy
Authors: Rasheed Tazeen , Alvi Haris , Shaikh Majid Ahmed , Ali Faiza Sadaqat , Zuberi Bader Faiyaz , Subhan Wara
Published: September 2020

Objective: To determine the frequency of hyponatremia in patients taking Sodium Picosulfate Solution (SPS) solution for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy and to compare serum sodium levels before and after SPS.

Methods: This interventional study was conducted at Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau, Civil Hospital Karachi between June 2019 to November 2019. Patients undergoing colonoscopy were included in the study. All patients were given SPS. Two samples of blood for electrolytes were taken, one 30 minutes before taking SPS solution and another 30 minutes before colonoscopy. Paired sample t-test was used to determine the difference between serum sodium level before taking the colonoscopy solution and serum sodium level before colonoscopy.

Results: Fifty- four patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were included. Out of the 54 patients 28 (51.9%) were males and 26 (48.1%) were females. Mean sodium levels before taking colonoscopy solution was 139.7±3.5 mEq/L and mean sodium level before colonoscopy was 138.9±3.8 mEq/L. The difference between serum sodium level before taking SPS colonoscopy solution and before colonoscopy was found to be statistically insignificant (t (53) = 1.308; p = 0.196).

Conclusion: No serious adverse effects were reported in any of our patients. There was no significant difference in the serum sodium level of patients undergoing colonoscopy before taking SPS bowel preparation solution and serum sodium level before colonoscopy.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2376

How to cite this:Rasheed T, Alvi H, Shaikh MA, Ali FS, Zuberi BF, Subhan W. Frequency of hyponatremia caused by sodium picosulfate solution when used as a bowel cleansing agent for colonoscopy. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1651-1654. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2376

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Stakeholder perceptions of curriculum design, development and delivery for continuing e-learning for nurses
Authors: Connolly Michael , Browne Freda , Regan Geraldine , Ryder Mary
Published: September 2020

Background:

This paper reports the qualitative findings from stage 5 of an action research project which involved the redesign of continuing professional education (CPE) courses in one organisation.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to explore key stakeholders perceptions of the teaching, learning and outcomes of a new curriculum design for CPE involving e-learning.

Method:

This project used participatory action research, involving stakeholders as participants in a process of inquiry about the change. The study took place in an academic teaching hospital and consisted of three focus group interviews with a total of 20 nurses. Participants included stakeholders who had developed curricula and managers from clinical areas where CPE courses had been undertaken.

Findings:

Four main themes emerged, revealing staff perceptions on the process of change and their own ‘lightbulb moments’ experienced during this process. Results also indicate that the change has resulted in learner-focused CPE, with a range of opportunities for continued educational development in future.

Conclusion:

Key stakeholders' experience is seldom reported in studies related to CPE. This study provides an insight into the experiences of key stakeholders in relation to the development and delivery of CPE courses. Stakeholders indicated that they were able to see the benefits of implementing new CPE curricula they had contributed to. They also commented that clinical-pertinent and competence-based courses were more learner focused as a result of combining online content with supported workshops.
NHS reports round up: the scale of the patient safety challenge
Authors: Tingle John
Published: September 2020

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses several recent reports dealing with patient safety and litigation in the NHS
Early identification of hepatic encephalopathy improves outcomes
Authors: Parker Richard
Published: September 2020

Early identification and prompt treatment of hepatic encephalopathy can help reduce its progression into its overt form. As the initial signs and symptoms of this complication can be extremely subtle, diagnosis can be difficult, particularly for non-specialists. This article describes how the use of simple and widely available tests can help facilitate this
Comparison of four deblurring methods for streak image of streak tube imaging lidar
Authors: Luo Tong , Fan Rongwei , Chen Zhaodong , Wang Xing , Dong Chaowei , Chen Deying
Published: September 2020

In this study, the Richardson–Lucy (R–L) iteration, Tikhonov (T–K) regularization, and fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) are first used to deblur streak images. The deblur performances of these three methods are compared with that of Wiener deconvolution. The spatial resolutions of Wiener deconvolution, R–L iteration, T–K regularization, and FISTA improved from 9 mm to 4.5, 5, 5, and 5 mm, respectively. The root-mean-square errors (RMSE) of one -, two -, and three-plane targets decreased effectively using these three deblur methods. The R–L iteration performs the best in terms of the RMSE for the two-plane target. The effects of the parameters used in each method are investigated.
Comparative Studies of Infrared Spectral Simulation of Some Benzoyl
Derivatives of N-Heterocyclic Compounds Using Semi-Empirical Methods
Authors: Gupta Pradeep Kumar , Arora Kishor
Published: September 2020

Simulation studies based on ab initio, semi-empirical or density functional (DFT) calculations are
now becoming common among the researchers who are pursuing their intereset in theoretical chemistry.
These studies are based on quantum chemical softwares. These studies provide better insight for the
structural and other parameters of the compounds. The present paper includes the studies on synthesis
or procurement along with the simulated IR spectra of some benzoyl derivatives of N-heterocyclic
compounds viz. 2-aminopyridine, 4-aminoantipyrine, 2-aminopyrimidine or 3-aminopyridine using
four different AM1, PM3, MNDO and ZINDO1 semi-empirical methods. Among the methods used for
the study, AM1 method is more reliable and more accurate so far as the prediction of spectral results is
concerned.
Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and their Antibacterial
Properties using Plant Extract of Aristolochia elegans
Authors: Aggarwal Juhi , Alam Tanveer
Published: September 2020

Present paper deals with the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using leaf extract of
Aristolochia elegans and study of antibacterial property for some human bacterial pathogens. The
ZnONPs synthesized were characterized using UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, TEM and SEM techniques.
The synthesized ZnONP having a crystallite size of 20.1 nm exhibited a distinct absorption peak
maxima at 358 nm. The ZnONPs synthesized using the extract of A. elegans have shown antibacterial
activity against M. luteus, S. aureus (Gram-positive), E. coli and P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative).
Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-inflammatory Activity of 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(di(5-
substituted-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-6-(4-substituted phenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles
Authors: Siddiq Ayesha , Shamanth Sadashivamurthy , Salman Mohammed , Dharmappa K.K. , Kempegowda Mantelingu , Jayarama Shankar
Published: September 2020

In present study, the anti-inflammatory potential of a series of 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(di(5-substituted-
1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-6-(4-substituted phenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles (5a-e) were evuluated
after characterizing through 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral studies. Initial toxicity and anti-inflammatory
efficacy of synthesized compounds is evaluated against RAW264.7 macrophages cell line to derive at
their IC50 values. Compounds 5a-e are further tested for their anti-inflammatory activity in Swiss
albino rats using the 1% carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Compound 5a is taken as the lead
compound and is further considered for behavioural evaluations such as stair climbing and motility
exercises. Paw edema is analyzed at time intervals of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 24 h and stair climbing and
motility tests are surveyed after 24 h of exposure to the test compound. The results of present study
show that the compound 5a significantly reduces the paw thickness by 68% at p < 0.001 and increased
the stair climbing (1.5 folds) and motility (1.6 folds) when compared to the 1% carrageenan rat group.
Conclusively the results of present study show that compound 5a exhibits strong anti-inflammatory
potential that can be used as a preclinical template for further investigations as an alternative therapy
to the current NSAIDs.
A Brief Study on the Role of Silicotungstic Acid in Modern Organic Syntheses
Authors: Mukherjee Ratna
Published: September 2020

This review article aimed to discuss the remarkable role of silicotungstic acid as an efficient catalyst
in a variety of organic reactions like synthesis of natural products or biologically potent organic scaffolds
or its precursors which have wide ranging pharmaceutical and industrial implementations. These
reactions were carried out either in presence of solvent or under solvent-free condition. Moreover,
miscellaneous solid surfaces supported silicotungstic acid had a wide array of potential applications.
The present study compiled some of these assorted reactions and makes a contrast of different kinds
of reactions.
Rural-Urban Geographical Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence Among US Adults, 2004–2017
Authors: Wong Robert J. , Saab Sammy , Konyn Peter , Sundaram Vinay , Khalili Mandana
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:

To evaluate impact of urbanicity and household income on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence among US adults.

METHODS:

HCC incidence was evaluated by rural–urban geography and median annual household income using 2004–2017 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data.

RESULTS:

Although overall HCC incidence was highest in large metropolitan regions, average annual percent change in HCC incidence was greatest among more rural regions. Individuals in lower income categories had highest HCC incidence and greatest average annual percent change in HCC incidence.

DISCUSSION:

Disparities in HCC incidence by urbanicity and income likely reflect differences in risk factors, health-related behaviors, and barriers in access to healthcare services.
Weighted Spherical Sampling of Point Clouds for Forested Scenes
Authors: Fafard Alex , Kargar Ali Rouzbeh , van Aardt Jan
Published: September 2020

Terrestrial laser scanning systems are characterized by a sampling pattern which varies in point density across the hemisphere. Additionally, close objects are over-sampled relative to objects that are farther away. These two effects compound to potentially bias the three-dimensional
statistics of measured scenes. Previous methods of sampling have resulted in a loss of structural coherence. In this article, a method of sampling is proposed to optimally sample points while preserving the structure of a scene. Points are sampled along a spherical coordinate system, with
probabilities modulated by elevation angle and squared distance from the origin. The proposed approach is validated through visual comparison and stem-volume assessment in a challenging mangrove forest in Micronesia. Compared to several well-known sampling techniques, the proposed approach
reduces sampling bias and shows strong performance in stem-reconstruction measurement. The proposed sampling method matched or exceeded the stem-volume measurement accuracy across a variety of tested decimation levels. On average it achieved 3.0% higher accuracy at estimating stem volume than
the closest competitor. This approach shows promise for improving the evaluation of terrestrial laser-scanning data in complex scenes.
Redefining the Directional-Hemispherical Reflectance and Transmittance of Needle-Shaped Leaves to Address Issues in Their Existing Measurement Methods
Authors: Wang Jun , Chen Jing M. , Feng Lian , Xu Jianhui , Zhang Feifei
Published: September 2020

The directional-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance of needle-shaped leaves are redefined in this study. We suggest that the reflected and transmitted radiation of a leaf should be distinguished by the illuminated and shaded leaf surfaces rather than the usual separation of
the two hemispheres by a plane perpendicular to the incoming radiation. Through theoretical analysis, we found that needle directional-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance measured by two existing techniques, namely Daughtry's method and Harron's method, could be significantly biased.
This finding was proved by ray-tracing simulations intuitively as well as by inversions of the PROSPECT model indirectly. We propose the following requirements for needle spectral measurement in an integrating sphere: needles should be fully exposed to the light source, the interfusion
of reflected and transmitted radiation on convex needle surfaces should be avoided, and multiple scattering of radiation among needles should be minimized.
Apresentar-se
Authors: Moura Manoel Oriosvaldo de , Araujo Elaine Sampaio
Published: September 2020

Apresentar um dossiê. Eis uma ação que requer presença de algo que representa o que foi vivido. Sim, nosso papel, aqui, é apresentar um conjunto de textos que, no momento, carregam as marcas de uma história iniciada 30 anos atrás. A atividade de ensino se apresentou, pela primeira vez, como Atividade Orientadora de Ensino em Moura (1992) e em Lanner de Moura (1995). Naquele momento, a análise das perspectivas construtivistas, à luz dos pressupostos da teoria histórico-cultural emergente e de uma concepção de matemática como desenvolvimento lógico-histórico de conceitos (CARAÇA,1998), colocavam um problema novo para a organização do ensino, como atividade (LEONTIEV, 1978): como dar visibilidade, nos processos de apropriação de conceitos, como respostas humanas às necessidades que a vida em sociedade e o meio onde elas acontecem oferecem.
Atividade de formação de professores de matemática mediada pela Atividade Orientadora de Ensino
Authors: Munhoz Ana Paula Gladcheff , Moura Manoel Oriosvaldo de
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a Atividade Orientadora de Ensino, por meio dos elementos que a caracterizam, como mediação do processo de formação do professor que ensina matemática. Para isso, tomou-se por base uma pesquisa fundamentada na Teoria da Atividade, na qual foi analisada a significação da atividade de ensino de matemática durante um processo de formação de professores. O pressuposto fundamental é o de que há uma relação entre as ações organizadas durante a atividade de formação e o processo de significação da atividade de ensino dos professores, o que torna possível compreender o quanto essas ações são orientadoras de tal processo. A atividade de formação desencadeou-se por uma proposição aos professores para desenvolverem atividades de ensino, organizados em pequenos grupos e orientados pelos princípios teórico-metodológicos da Atividade Orientadora de Ensino. Esta, por adquirir força mobilizadora, tornou-se uma atividade específica na perspectiva formulada por Leontiev, podendo ser caracterizada como mediadora no processo de significação da atividade de ensino.
Cultura corporal e formação humana: o papel social da Educação Física na educação escolar
Authors: Andrade Jéssica da Silva Duarte de , Souza Bárbara Isabela Soares de , Andrade Leonardo Carlos de
Published: September 2020

O objetivo central deste artigo é identificar as relações teórico-metodológicas existentes no ensino da Educação Física e seu potencial ontológico na formação humana em um contexto escolar. Trata-se aqui de uma produção teórica, de natureza filosófica, que tem como pilares a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e a Abordagem Crítico-Superadora, sabendo da unidade teórica destas com a Teoria Social de Karl Marx. Portanto, do ponto de vista do método, nos embasamos no movimento que vai da síncrese à síntese, pela mediação da análise das referidas teorias. Nesse enredo, analisamos, a partir da categoria trabalho o papel social do professor de educação física e suas contribuições para a formação humana. Como exposição de nossa síntese, entendemos que o papel do professor de Educação Física é produzir a humanidade em cada indivíduo singular presente no contexto escolar, pela socialização intencional e objetiva dos conceitos da Cultural Corporal. Entendemos que essa categoria traz em si um potencial catártico para a formação do ser social, que quando tomada para si, possibilita uma nova síntese acerca da prática social.
Movimiento de la subjetividad y Teaching-Orienteering Activity: otros caminos desde y para la Actividad Pedagógica
Authors: Muñoz Luz Adriana Cadavid , Quiceno Diana Victoria Jaramillo
Published: September 2020

En este artículo narramos momentos en la constitución de la subjetividad de una maestra en Actividad Pedagógica, enseñando matemáticas en el nivel básico de una escuela rural colombina. Este trabajo está enmarcado en los resultados de una tesis doctoral que tiene fundamentación teórica en la Perspectiva Histórico-cultural, la Teoría de la Actividad y la Actividad Orientadora de Enseñanza. A través del método Dialéctico, haciendo uso de la Investigación Narrativa, fue posible traer y construir experiencias auténticas en el cotidiano de la maestra. Ella manifestaba algunos miedos porque su formación específica no fue en matemáticas, sin embargo, expresaba confianza por tener el acompañamiento del Grupo de Estudio con sus colegas. En este escenario colaborativo se movilizaron Actividades escolares fundamentadas en la estructura de la Actividad Orientadora de Enseñanza, donde la maestra encontró otros significados de las matemáticas escolares. Ese movimiento en su Actividad Pedagógica le dio sentido a esos significados que estaba apropiando. La narrativa presentada es un tejido en la vida de una mujer que es hija, esposa, madre y maestra, su vida no se aleja de lo que hace en su trabajo; sus decisiones, sus sueños y sus miedos caminan con ella. De este proceso expresó tranquilamente la maestra: “Las matemáticas no son solamente un cúmulo de ejercicios en un cuaderno, teniendo a los niños sentados y callados, ellas se mueven en la vida”. Concluimos que la subjetividad se constituye, también, en la Actividad Pedagógica y que propuestas como la Actividad Orientadora de Enseñanza posibilitan la construcción de sentidos.
Modernist narrative techniques in the screen adaptation of the novel „Minuet for Guitar”
Authors: Rezoničnik Lidija
Published: September 2020

This contribution focuses on the novel „Minuet for Guitar”, by Slovenian author VitomilZupan, and its film adaptation, entitled „Farewell until the Next War”, by Serbian director Živojin Pavlović. Firstly the article deals with the novel from the perspective of modernistnarrative devices, and secondly it focuses on the analysis of its cinematic adaptation. Basedon the anthropological-morphological method of film analysis it establishes that ŽivojinPavlović used modernist narrative devices in film. Furthermore it studies how and throughwhich cinematic forms of expressions and methods stream of consciousness and memories areshown, as well as how essayistic style, fragmentariness, and associative style are expressed inaudio-visual representation.
Is YouTube being used to its full potential? Proposal for an indicator of interactivity for the top YouTuber content in Spanish
Authors: Tur-Viñes Victoria , González-Río María-José
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between views (popularity) and social interaction generated by YouTuber videos in Spanish. A quali-quantitative analysis is conducted on a sample of 100 videos, 10 YouTube channels, 997 minutes of video, with 116,934,321 views, 12,297,021 likes/dislikes, and 1,041,191 comments on YT, 306,000 retweets/favorites on TW and 140,852 comments, shares, and reactions on FB. The existence of social media tools on YouTube does not in itself guarantee interaction by users who prefer to watch videos and adopt a passive attitude. In this analysis, we propose a social interaction indicator that takes into account the total number of social media reactions made on social networks (YT, TW, and FB) and the age of the video. Cultivating realistic conversation and interaction on platforms with audiences numbering in the millions represents a serious challenge for YouTubers.
Beyond committing and presupposing in Yurakaré conversations: Investigating the interactional functions of epistemic markers through their sequential distributions
Authors: Gipper Sonja
Published: September 2020

This paper outlines a method for studying the sequential distributions of epistemic markers with the purpose of gaining insight into their interactional functions. The method is exemplified with a case study of two epistemic markers of Yurakaré (isolate, Bolivia),=la“commitment” and=se“presupposition”. The investigation reveals that the two markers show different distributions across initial and responsive utterances. Moreover, each marker functions differently when used in initial utterances and responses. It is argued that these distributions show that the interactional functions of the two markers go beyond the marking of commitment and presupposition, and that they contrast in terms of two scales, one capturing the poles of “highly initiating” and “highly responsive”, the other concerning high vs. low degrees of “thematic agency”. While the commitment marker=lais associated with the responsivity pole and with a low degree of thematic agency, the presupposition marker=seshows a tendency toward the initiating pole and toward a high degree of thematic agency. These findings then support the view that epistemic markers are employed to co-construct epistemic perspectives in interaction rather than to make explicit some internal epistemic state held by the speaker.
Dynamic simulation for the process of mining subsidence based on cellular automata model
Authors: Chen Qiuji , Li Jiye , Hou Enke
Published: September 2020

Under the background of the ecological civilization era, rapidly obtaining coal mining information, timely assessing the ecological environmental impacts, and drafting different management and protection measures in advance to enhance the capacity of green mine construction have become the urgent technical problems to be solved at present. Simulating and analyzing mining subsidence is the foundation for a land reclamation plan. The Cellular Automata (CA) model provides a new tool for simulating the evolution of mining subsidence. This paper takes a mine in East China as a research area, analyses the methods and measures for developing a model of mining subsidence based on the theories of CA and mining technology, then discusses the results of simulation from different aspects. Through comparative analysis, it can be found that the predicted result is well consonant with the observation data. The CA model can simulate complex systems. The system of mining subsidence evolution CA is developed with the support of ArcGIS and Python, which can help to realize data management, visualization, and spatial analysis. The dynamic evolution of subsidence provides a basis for constructing a reclamation program. The research results show that the research methods and techniques adopted in this paper are feasible for the dynamic mining subsidence, and the work will continue to do in the future to help the construction of ecological civilization in mining areas.
The Continued Relevance of MUL.APIN in Late Babylonian Astronomy
Authors: Steele John
Published: September 2020

The astronomical compendium MUL.APIN was composed sometime before the seventh century BC and is known from many copies dating between the Neo-Assyrian and the Seleucid period. In this paper I argue that MUL.APIN continued to be read and understood throughout this period, and that there was still an active tradition of astronomy founded upon MUL.APIN until the end of cuneiform astronomy.
Some features of solving an inverse backward problem for a generalized Burgers’ equation
Authors: Lukyanenko Dmitry V. , Prigorniy Igor V. , Shishlenin Maxim A.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we consider an inverse backward problem for a nonlinear singularly perturbed parabolic equation of the Burgers’ type.
We demonstrate how a method of asymptotic analysis of the direct problem allows developing a rather simple algorithm for solving the inverse problem in comparison with minimization of the cost functional.
Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Linguistic fieldwork in a pandemic: Supervised data collection combining smartphone recordings and videoconferencing
Authors: Leemann Adrian , Jeszenszky Péter , Steiner Carina , Studerus Melanie , Messerli Jan
Published: September 2020

Linguistic data collection typically involves conducting interviews with participants in close proximity. The safety precautions related to the COVID-19 pandemic brought such data collection to an abrupt halt: Social distancing forced linguistic fieldwork into involuntary hibernation in many parts of the world. Such hardship, however, can inspire innovation. In this contribution, we present an approach that – we believe – enables a reliable switch from in-person, face-to-face interviews to virtual, online data collection. In this approach, participants remain at home and navigate a smartphone application, enabling high-quality audio recordings and multisensory presentation of linguistic material, while they are being supervised via videoconferencing (Zoom 2020https://zoom.us/ (accessed 11 August 2020)). The smartphone app and the infrastructure presented are open source, accessible, and adaptable to researchers’ specific needs. To explore whether participants’ experiences of in-person data collection are different from participation in a virtual setting, we conducted a study with 36 participants. Overall, findings revealed a substantial degree of overlap in interview experience, setting a methodological baseline for future work. We end this contribution by discussing the benefits and pitfalls of this new approach.
Effect of introducing ozone in elemental chlorine free bleaching of pulp on generation of chlorophenolic compounds
Authors: Tripathi Sandeep Kumar , Bhardwaj Nishi Kant , Ghatak Himadri Roy
Published: September 2020

Effect of using ozone before elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching of oxygen delignified wheat straw pulp produced following soda-anthraquinone pulping on bleaching effluent and pulp properties was studied. The effluent generated during bleaching of pulp contains high amount of adsorbable organic halogens (AOX), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and highly toxic chlorophenolic compounds. This study is aimed to utilise green chemistry approach during bleaching of one of the abundantly used agro residue wheat straw for improving the quality of bleaching effluent and pulp properties. Introducing ozone stage before ECF bleaching resulted in significant reduction of chloriphenolic compounds like chlorocatechols by 48.9 %, chloroguaiacols by 33.3 %, chlorovanillins by 28.4 % and chlorophenols by 26.7 % in the effluent compared to those of control. Incorporation of ozone before ECF bleaching BOD, COD, AOX and colour were reduced by 40.0 %, 41.1 %, 46.7 % and 57.8 %, respectively, as compared to control. Optical properties like brightness and whiteness of the pulp bleached using ozone were also improved by 2.5 units and 4.0 units, respectively as compared to that with control.
Joint modeling of time-varying HIV exposure and infection for estimation of per-act efficacy in HIV prevention trials
Authors: Brown Elizabeth R. , Dominguez Islas Clara P. , Zhang Jingyang
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Using the MTN-020/ASPIRE HIV prevention trial as a motivating example, our objective is to construct a joint model for the HIV exposure process through vaginal intercourse and the time to HIV infection in a population of sexually active women. By modeling participants’ HIV infection in terms of exposures, rather than time exposed, our aim is to obtain a valid estimate of the per-act efficacy of a preventive intervention.Methods: Within the context of HIV prevention trials, in which the frequency of sex acts is self-reported periodically by the participants, we model the exposure process of the trial participants with a non-homogeneous Poisson process. This approach allows for variability in the rate of sexual contacts between participants as well as variability in the rate of sexual contacts over time. The time to HIV infection for each participant is modeled as the time to the exposure that results in HIV infection, based on the modeled sexual contact rate. We propose an empirical Bayes approach for estimation. Results: We report the results of a simulation study where we evaluate the performance of our proposed approach and compare it to the traditional approach of estimating the overall reduction in HIV incidence using a Proportional Hazards Cox model. The proposed approach is also illustrated with data from the MTN-020/ASPIRE trial. Conclusions: The proposed joint modeling, along with the proposed empirical Bayes estimation approach, can provide valid estimation of the per-exposure efficacy of a preventive intervention.
Practical Considerations and Applications of Postactivation Performance Enhancement in Group Training: Delayed Performance Enhancing Triplexes
Authors: Lepkowski Mark , Leiting Keith A. , Koch Alexander J.
Published: September 2020

Athletes may increase power output through eliciting postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE). Muscle force and power may be increased during PAPE by coupling of 2 exercises, termed a “strength-power potentiating complex” (SPPC). Implementing SPPCs in the field is complicated by the need to use rest periods of several minutes in duration, which is impractical when training large numbers of athletes simultaneously within a short time. We propose delayed performance enhancing triplexes as a solution: which involve inserting an accessory exercise in between a heavy resistance exercise and a plyometric movement, which allows for training to continue to flow without interruption.
Electrophysiological Frequency Band Ratio Measures Conflate Periodic and Aperiodic Neural Activity
Authors: Donoghue Thomas , Dominguez Julio , Voytek Bradley
Published: September 2020

Band ratio measures, computed as the ratio of power between two frequency bands, are a common analysis measure in neuroelectrophysiological recordings. Band ratio measures are typically interpreted as reflecting quantitative measures of periodic, or oscillatory, activity. This assumes that the measure reflects relative powers of distinct periodic components that are well captured by predefined frequency ranges. However, electrophysiological signals contain periodic components and a 1/f-like aperiodic component, the latter of which contributes power across all frequencies. Here, we investigate whether band ratio measures truly reflect oscillatory power differences, and/or to what extent ratios may instead reflect other periodic changes, such as in center frequency or bandwidth, and/or aperiodic activity. In simulation, we investigate how band ratio measures relate to changes in multiple spectral features, and show how multiple periodic and aperiodic features influence band ratio measures. We validate these findings in human electroencephalography (EEG) data, comparing band ratio measures to parameterizations of power spectral features and find that multiple disparate features influence ratio measures. For example, the commonly applied θ/β ratio is most reflective of differences in aperiodic activity, and not oscillatory θ or β power. Collectively, we show that periodic and aperiodic features can create the same observed changes in band ratio measures, and that this is inconsistent with their typical interpretations as measures of periodic power. We conclude that band ratio measures are a non-specific measure, conflating multiple possible underlying spectral changes, and recommend explicit parameterization of neural power spectra as a more specific approach.
Sexuality of elders with dementia: social representation of nursing students
Authors: Moreira Wanderson Carneiro , Fontinele Vanessa Carvalho , Amorim Fernanda Cláudia Miranda , Nóbrega Maria do Perpétuo Socorro de Sousa , Carvalho Cláudia Maria Sousa de , Almeida Camila Aparecida Pinheiro Landim
Published: September 2020

Objective: to learn about the social representation of nursing students about the sexuality of elders with dementia. Methods: qualitative study, based on the Theory of Social Representations, developed with 20 Nursing Graduation students from a Brazilian higher education institution. Data was collected through a focal group, processed in the software IRAMUTEQ and analyzed using a Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results: four semantic classes emerged: Sexuality as a right, The theme was insufficient in graduation, Meanings attributed to sexuality, and Care from the perspective of students. Conclusion: the study showed that the nursing students investigated had polysemic representations about the sexuality of elders with dementia, among which discriminatory and stigmatizing conceptions stood out, socially constructed and anchored in common sense.
Educational intervention on description of the insulin delivery technique: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Moura Tatiana Victória Carneiro , Sousa Antonia Fabiana Rodrigues de , Machado Ana Larissa Gomes , Carvalho Gerdane Celene Nunes , Silva Ana Roberta Vilarouca da
Published: September 2020

Objective: to analyze the effect of educational intervention on insulin delivery technique. Methods: randomized clinical trial, carried out with 79 patients with Diabetes Mellitus, in two groups, 42 from the control group and 37 from the intervention. Four telephone calls were made in two months to the intervention group. The control group received only conventional follow-up. Results: when comparing the application of insulin in the pre and post-test, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the control group, but an improvement of 80.0% in the correct answers on the appropriate technique, with p<0.021 . In the intergroup comparison, the description of self-administration of insulin, after the telephone intervention, was better in 70.0% of the items, with p<0.030. Conclusion: the educational intervention via telephone improved the description of the technique of insulin application in patients with Diabetes Mellitus and their caregivers. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials number U1111-1228-3200.
Table of Contents
Authors: Vidovic Dan
Published: September 2020

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Hybrid Repair of Chronic Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection with Expanding Arch Aneurysm
Authors: Chen Sheena , Lee Kyongjune Benjamin , Nguyen Bao-Ngoc , Macsata Robyn , Sarin Shawn , Trachiotis Gregory D.
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The management of patients with chronic Stanford type B aortic dissection who develop complications requires intervention without clear guidelines. Chronic aortic dissection is difficult to treat and often leads to significant morbidity and mortality. We report a complex case of chronic Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD) with an expanding false lumen aneurysm and distal fenestrations that required a multi-stage hybrid repair.
Technique: The patient first underwent a median sternotomy for the ascending aorta to the innominate artery and innominate artery to the left carotid artery bypass, followed by a left carotid to left axillary artery bypass. Due to continued aneurysmal growth, the patient ultimately underwent total cervical and abdominal aortic debranching as well as thoracic and abdominal endovascular grafting with iliac excluders. The patient recovered well after the surgery and had no further expansion of the aneurysm at 12-month follow up.
Conclusion: Endovascular repairs have been the mainstay of chronic TBAD repair, but hybrid approaches may be necessary for difficult repairs. A multi-stage hybrid repair approach has been successful in a patient who had a chronic type B aortic dissection with aneurysmal degeneration that failed medical management.