bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Обґрунтування напрямів вдосконалення стратегічного планування у сфері оборони
Authors: Наливайко А.
Published: June 2024

Впродовж трьох десятиліть в Україні, де-факто, функціонує система держаного стратегічного планування, складовою частиною якого є стратегічне планування в сфері оборони. В той же час:
стратегічне планування законодавчо не унормоване, проводиться не системно, хаотично та охоплює лише окремі сфери діяльності держави;
не опрацьована загальна методологія здійснення державного стратегічного планування, його процедур, методик, алгоритмів;
відсутній загальновизнаний науково-обґрунтований понятійно-категоріальний апарат основних термінів і понять.
За результатами дослідження запропоновані окремі напрями і підходи щодо вдосконалення стратегічного планування у відповідності до сучасних безпекових умов, зокрема:
вдосконалення нормативно-правової бази у сфері оборони (розробка нових та доопрацювання чинних законодавчих та інших нормативно-правових актів);
завершення наукового обґрунтування та правового закріплення категорійно-понятійного апарату основних термінів і понять, адаптація його до понятійного апарату, що застосовується у стратегічних документах держав-членів НАТО;
формування теоретико-методологічних засад побудови системи стратегічного планування в сфері оборони, взаємозв’язків між складовими (видами) планування, порядку розробки та імплементації нормативно-правових актів та їх нормативне закріплення;
опрацювання загальної методології здійснення стратегічного планування в сфері оборони, його процедур, методик, алгоритмів з використанням розробленого Проекту Положення про організацію стратегічного планування у Міністерстві оборони України, Збройних Силах України  та інших складових сил оборони.
A LICENCE TO KILL PVS PATIENTS
Authors: Muda@Ismail Farah Salwani , Mohd Safian Yasmin Hanani
Published: June 2024

Euthanasia remains the subject of ongoing intense debate worldwide. The practice of painlessly putting to death persons suffering from incurable conditions or diseases indeed brings together with it a lot of debate and medical dilemma. Groups in favour or opposing it both have their own strong arguments. The recent decision in the United States involving Terri Schiavo has indeed rekindled interest worldwide in this controversy. Claims that every human has the right to live are normally defeated by the "best Interest argument". Thus this paper aims to focus on passive euthanasia applied upon terminally ill patients who are believed to no longer benefit from any curative treatment. Dilemmas and Issues on whether to "withdraw" or "withhold" treatment in palliative care will also be attempted. Upon whom does the responsibility to decide such matters lie on and does it not turn people into playing God? The current method utilized in bringing about death and conditions allowing such practice to be done will also be included. Finally through a doctrinal approach, the paper will also shed light and analyse the controversial death of Terri Schiavo recently while at the same time compare the issue from the Islamic perspective.
A SHARI'AH PERSPECTIVE ON THE "LETTER OF OFFER" AS PRACTISED BY THE ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH THE MALAYSIAN LAW OF CONTRACT
Authors: Hasan Zulkifli , Sabri Hisham
Published: June 2024

Since 1983, Malaysia has implemented an Islamic banking system with the establishment of Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad side by side with the conventional banking system. To date, Malaysia has 6 local Islamic Banks, 3 foreign Islamic Banks and in 2004 the Islamic Banking assets in Malaysia amounted to RM89 billion, accounting for 9.9 per cent of total banking asset. Even though Malaysia has good experience in implementing Islamic banking and finance based on the foregoing facts, it is observed that not many practitioners, even bankers, are aware of the issue of the Shar'iah standing on the "Letter of Offer" as practised by the islamic financial institutions. Personnel involved in Islamic banking and finance might not be aware that there are dissimilarities in the Shari'ah and legal standing on the status of the Letter of Offer. It is very essential to discuss the exact Shari'ah standing on this issue because it is the determining factor to the validity of the transaction of the financing products. The writers intend to explore the Shari'ah view on the Letter of Offer and will make a comparative legal study with the Malaysian law of contract.
MANHAJ DAN DAWABIT PENGELUARAN FATWA
Authors: Wan Ismail Wan Abdul Fattah , Samsudin Muhammad Adib , Ibrahim Ismail
Published: June 2024

This article intends to examine the concept of manhaj and dawabit in issuing a fatwa. An account for manhaj attained through the consensus of fiqh scholars'opinions to assess its validity and compatibility with the syariah rulings. It further argues the importance of the knowledge of social science as an additional tool in issuing fatwa and extracting syariah rulings. It is acknowledged that issuance of fatwa only focuses on the zanniyy matters. However, the using of dawabit requires strict monitoring so that it will not go beyond the limits enshrined in the Quran and Sunnah. In principle, dawabit employed by the Prophet's companions had been arranged according to the systematic rules, known as manhaj or methods. A coherent and certain manhaj is the sole guideline referred to by the mujtahid in issuing fatwa from time immemorial. To comprehend the manhaj is vital to enable us to distinguish the thoughts and Ideas that were primarily based on correct principles and reasoning from those merely based on speculation or assumptions.
On the Buckling Response of Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube-reinforced Composite Imperfect Beams
Authors: Boutaleb Sabrina , Boulal Ammar , Zidour Mohamed , Al-Osta Mohammed A. , Tounsi Abdelouahed , Tounsi Abdeldjebbar , Salem Mohamed Abdelaziz , Khedher Khaled Mohamed
Published: June 2024

The current inquiry aims to scrutinize the porosity's effect on the buckling response of carbon nanotube reinforced composite (CNTRC) imperfect beams. The developed theories account for higher-order variation of transverse shear strain through the depth of the beam and satisfy the stress-free boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the beam. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are distributed and aligned in a polymeric matrix with various reinforcement patterns to create CNTRC porous beams. The material properties of the functionally graded beam determined using the mixture rule are assumed to vary according to the power law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. The mathematical models presented in this study are validated through numerical comparison with existing results. The new buckling results of carbon nanotube-reinforced porous beams are analyzed considering the influence of several parameters, including volume fraction, aspect ratios, degree of porosity, and types of reinforcement. The results stipulate that the above parameters play a significant role in the critical buckling load variation. It is proclaimed that the critical buckling load dwindled as porosity increased and that the X-CNT reinforced beam has a high resistance against buckling compared to other reinforcement types.
Mối quan hệ giữa trải nghiệm thương hiệu, tín nhiệm thương hiệu, sự hài lòng và lòng trung thành của khách hàng
Authors: Trần Văn Đạt , Trịnh Trung Kiên
Published: June 2024

Mục đích chính của nghiên cứu là xác định mối quan hệ giữa trải nghiệm thương hiệu, tín nhiệm thương hiệu, sự hài lòng và lòng trung thành của khách hàng. Nghiên cứu này kiểm định bằng mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính (SEM). Nghiên cứu được thực hiện bằng phương pháp định lượng với kích thước mẫu N=308 . Nghiên cứu đã phát hiện được mối quan hệ mới về sự tác động giữa các biến trải nghiệm thương hiệu, tín nhiệm thương hiệu, sự hài lòng đến lòng trung thành của khách hàng.
Evrişimsel Sinir Ağları Tabanlı Derin Öğrenme Yöntemiyle Müşteri Şikayetlerinin Sınıflandırılması
Authors: Tuna Murat Fatih , Görmez Yasin
Published: June 2024

Günümüzde, artan nüfus ve değişen ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda firma sayıları giderek artmakta ve firmalar büyümektedir. Bu bağlamda, aynı alanda faaliyet gösteren birçok firma ortaya çıkmakta, bu nedenle firmaların rekabet kabiliyetini artırması gerekmektedir. Bir firma için mevcut müşterinin elde tutulmasına odaklanmak, yeni müşteri kazanmaktan daha maliyetli olmaktadır. Bir müşterinin kaybedilmemesi için en önemli unsurlardan birisi müşteri ilişkileri yönetiminin bir alt dalı olan müşteri şikâyetlerinin iyi bir şekilde yönetilmesinden geçmektedir. Teknolojide meydana gelen gelişmeler doğrultusunda, birçok alanda olduğu gibi müşteri şikâyeti yönetiminde de teknolojiden sıklıkla faydalanılmaktadır ancak bu durum henüz istenilen seviyelere ulaşmamıştır. Bu çalışmada müşteri şikâyeti yönetimi alanına katkı sağlamak için derin öğrenmeden faydalanan özgün modeller geliştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, evrişimsel sinir ağı katmanı kullanılarak müşteri yorumlarının hangi şikâyet türünü ilgilendirdiğini tahmin eden bir model geliştirilmiştir. Finans alanındaki bir veri seti kullanılarak analiz edilen modelin hiper-parametreleri Bayesian optimizasyon yöntemi kullanılarak optimize edilmiştir. Farklı derinliklerde geliştirilen modellerle %85.83’lere ulaşan doğruluk oranı elde edilmiştir. Literatürde benzer veri seti ile yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde önerilen modelin, diğer çalışmalara göre üstün olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
PERANAN RESIKO KREDIT SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN DI BEI
Authors: Astuti Diana Dwi , Ningsih Wiwik Fitria
Published: June 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of managerial ownership, board of commissioners, audit committee and CAR on financial performance through credit risk. The population in this study used banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period. This research uses a sampling technique, namely purposive sampling, to obtain a sample of 15 companies. The data analysis method uses path analysis. The results of this research show that managerial ownership, board of commissioners and CAR have a direct effect on credit risk. The audit committee has no direct influence on credit risk. Managerial ownership, CAR and credit risk have a direct effect on financial performance. The board of commissioners and audit committee have no direct influence on financial performance. Managerial ownership, board of commissioners, audit committee and CAR have no effect on financial performance through credit risk
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND CONSUMER EXPERIENCE AS A RESULT OF CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR
Authors: Fajarwati Diana , Pratama Achmad Difa , Fadli Jul Aidil , Astuti Puji
Published: June 2024

This study highlights the important role of social media marketing activity (SMMA) and customer experience (CX) in shaping customer relationship quality on TikTok social media, with the aim of investigating the influence on customer relationship quality, and how this influence impacts purchase intention, loyalty intention, and participation intention. This study involved 504 respondents who were TikTok Shop users who had certain criteria using an online survey to measure six main variables through 47 statements. With this, the research developed a framework with the PLS-SEM method using SmartPLS. The results of this study show that all hypotheses are accepted and have a positive influence which indicates that consumer behavior, especially loyalty intention, has a high effect. good relationship quality increases loyalty intention because of trust, satisfaction, and transparent communication. SMMA and CX also play a role in influencing relationship quality by providing information and interactive content, and improving relationship quality. This research provides insight to companies regarding the potential of "TikTok" as a marketing channel to support sustainable business growth with marketing strategies that promote positive customer behavior by providing opportunities for marketers to develop strategies that focus more on visual creativity and marketing strategies through short videos, where Tiktok Shop can increase brand awareness and purchase intention can have a positive impact on marketing activities, increase brand awareness.
Polymorphism in the lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase genes and plasma lipid values in the Czech population
Authors: Hubáček JA , Waterworth DM , Piťha J , Humphries SE , Talmud PJ , Poledne R
Published: June 2024

We have determined the genotypes of two common polymorphisms in the lipoprotein lipase (S447X) and hepatic lipase (-480C/T) genes in a cohort of 285 representative selected Czech probands (131 male and 154 female), examined in 1988 and reinvestigated in 1996. The genotype distributions of both polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and did not differ between male and female subjects. The rare allele frequency of the lipoprotein lipase polymorphism did not differ significantly from the other European populations. Compared to the German populations, the frequency of the hepatic lipase -480T allele was significantly higher in the Czech group (20 % vs. 36 %, p<0.0001). There were no significant associations between the lipoprotein lipase gene variants and lipid parameters measured either in 1988, or in 1996 or with changes of lipid parameters over the 8-year period. The carriers of the T-480 allele of the hepatic lipase polymorphism were found to have higher HDL cholesterol levels (p=0.02). However, this difference was confined to female subjects only. The male carriers of the -480T allele had higher concentrations of total cholesterol (p=0.03) as compared to CC-480 subjects. Both associations were observed in 1996 only. In the Slavic Czech population, a common polymorphism in the hepatic lipase gene (-480C/T), but not in the lipoprotein lipase gene (S447X), is a significant determinant of plasma HDL cholesterol in females and plasma total cholesterol in males and indicates the importance of gender-associated effects in the genetic determinations of plasma lipids.
Coming into 22 Hyde Park Gate
Authors: Daugherty Beth Rigel
Published: June 2024

This chapter details the education Virginia Stephen received from her brother, Thoby Stephen (the Greeks, his schools, argument); her step-aunt, Anne Thackeray Ritchie (women writers and their community); and a girl’s magazine, L. T. Meade’s Atalanta, and a popular magazine, George Newnes’ Tit-Bits (ideas, other girls, other social classes). Thoby’s curriculum included the classics, Shakespeare, and the essay, he taught through talk, and he shared his schoolboy communities and thus, their male gender roles. Ritchie, a woman writer writing about other women writers, modelled a woman’s professional writing life and gave her niece glimpses of a women’s literary community different from her father’s. The two magazines broadened her curriculum, widened her community (on paper), used overt lessons and dialogic pedagogies, and paper), and modelled various kinds of writing, including the humorous.
Outcomes: Writing for Newspapers
Authors: Daugherty Beth Rigel
Published: June 2024

Focusing on a quarter of Virginia Stephen’s tangible output during her apprenticeship (six essays and thirty-five reviews out of one hundred and fifty-eight reviews, review essays, and essays – see chronological descriptive table in Appendix 5), this chapter traces her growth in learning the ‘knack’ of writing for newspapers through three stages, novice (1904-5), practitioner (1906-7), and expert (1908-12). In this nonfictional work, she deepened and questioned her understanding of literary history and genre, developed clear critical values and strong cultural attitudes about gender and class, and established strategies to aid readers and stimulate thought. In her first Times Literary Supplement lead essay, on Laurence Sterne in August 1909, she displays traits that would mark Virginia Woolf’s modern essays, a combination of review and essay; biography, era, and work; writer’s aesthetic and reader’s response; and personal and impersonal. This chapter also examines an intangible result of Virginia Stephen’s book reviewing, her growing awareness of different audiences and a community of writers and readers she wanted to share and nurture, an awareness that led Virginia Woolf to become a common reader reaching out to other common readers in her essays.
The Schools of Law
Authors: Dajani Samer
Published: June 2024

This chapters explains the role of jurisprudence in the process of ijtihād in order to arrive at a correct understanding of God’s guidance. It gives an overview of the six most important schools of law (madhhabs) in Sunni Islam and their different methodologies: the Ḥanafīs, Mālikīs, Shāfiʿīs, Ḥanbalīs, Traditionist-Jurisprudents, and Ẓāhirīs. It also explains the broader split in approach between the Rationalist and Traditionalist tendencies, and the ‘great synthesis’ between these two approaches that brought the four dominant Sunnī schools closer to each other.
Sufis and Traditionalism
Authors: Dajani Samer
Published: June 2024

This chapter begins by looking at the relationship between Sufism and Fiqh in general. It then looks at the affinities and similarities between the early mystics/Sufis and the early Traditionalist movement and the doctrines they shared (such as their conceptions of sainthood). It then shows how and why the early Sufis and mystics were mostly attracted to the Traditionalist schools of law such as the Ḥanbalīs, Ẓāhirīs and Traditionist-Jurisprudents and their alliance with these schools against the Rationalists.
The ‘Scale’ of ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Shaʿrānī
Authors: Dajani Samer
Published: June 2024

This chapter looks at the grand theory of the ‘Scale’ developed by Shaʿrānī to explain the leeway and built-in flexibility within the sharia. This theory was an expansion of the ideas of the figures studied in the previous chapter and adds Shaʿrānī’s unique contributions to them, especially the ‘scale of leniency and stringency’ to explain the variety of positions among the schools. It explains his idea of the Scale, and uncovers some of the major Sufi ideas underlying this theory. It shows how his idea of leeway was an alternative to the claims of abrogation advocated by most jurists. It also shows how Shaʿrānī intended to defend all four madhhabs using this theory, and the socio-political reasons behind this intellectual project. The chapter ends with a critique of Shaʿrānī’s attempt to defend all madhhab positions as correct at the same time, as well as a discussion of the question of talfīq (mixing positions from different schools in practice). This chapter includes three of the unique pictograms created by Shaʿrānī to explain his theory, the only known pictograms in a work of Islamic legal theory.
Aḥmad ibn Idrīs and the Implementation of Ibn ʿArabī’s Jurisprudence in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Dajani Samer
Published: June 2024

This chapter shows that Aḥmad ibn Idrīs, one of the greatest religious reformers of Islam in the 19th century, was a loyal adherent of the teachings of Ibn ʿArabī in jurisprudence and Fiqh. The chapter speaks of the life and teachings of Ibn Idrīs and his importance for 19th and 20th century Islam, and reveals the extent of Ibn Arabī’s influence on his life and teachings.
From Ibn ʿArabī to the Salafīs
Authors: Dajani Samer
Published: June 2024

This chapter looks at the influence of the teachings of this Sufi school of mercy on the revivalist Islamic movements from the 17th to the 20th centuries. It begins by looking at the movement of revival in the Hijaz in the 17th century, led by Qushāshī and Kūrānī. For the subsequent centuries it covers: Shāh Walī-Allāh and the Indian Ahl-i Hadith Movement; the Iraqi Ālūsī family; the Moroccan Kattānī family; ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jazāʾirī; the Damascene Salafi movement (inc. Jamāl al-Dīn al-Qāsimī); Maḥmūd Khaṭṭāb al-Subkī and his organisation in Egypt. It looks at how many of these reformers were inspired by Ibn ʿArabī and Shaʿrānī to revive Ijtihād, which led them to the works of Ibn Taymiyya, who was a critic of Ibn ʿArabī, and how many of these movements were later absorbed by the global Salafi movement. The chapter then looks at the reaction to these movements in the form of the Neo-Traditionalist movement and some modern critiques of this movement. It finally concludes with mention of modern Sunni reactions to the anti-pluralist stance of the Salafis and a revival of the concept of leeway advocated by the early Traditionist-Jurisprudents and the Sufis studied in this book.
Conclusion
Authors: Dajani Samer
Published: June 2024

The concluding chapter looks at the revivalist trends and movements inspired by Ibn ʿArabī and whether or not they contributed to the success of the modern global Salafi movement. It looks at the key differences between the stance of the Sufis studied in this book at that of the Salafis and Wahhābīs, and how they may have had many outer similarities in legal method, but differed greatly from each other in spirit (and therefore in the reasons they chose their methods). It is a reminder that as this book has shown, it is important not only to look at the legal methods of scholars but their underlying beliefs. The chapter shows that how scholars conceived of the sharia depended greatly on how they conceived of God. ‘Each competing understanding gives a different vision of the spirit of the sharia and of the heart of Islam.’
Sir William Keith, James Thomson and Scoto-British Views of the British Empire, its History and Imperial Policy, 1728-40
Authors: Bates Zach
Published: June 2024

Recent scholarship has asserted the presence of a ‘Patriot Party’ in the 1730s that took a pan-Atlantic approach to reforming the British empire along egalitarian lines. Two Scots, Sir William Keith and James Thomson, have been suggested as part of the patriot movement. This article argues that Keith and Thomson shared a Scoto-British view of the British empire that did not urge an egalitarian empire or neatly conform to a coherent patriot programme. Instead of being influenced by a radical movement for imperial change in the 1730s, they were more concerned with preserving the 1688/9 Revolution Settlement, defending the creation of the British state in 1707 and extending the British constitutional establishment of parliamentary sovereignty into the Atlantic colonies. Keith and Thomson shared a view of the Empire that was increasingly common with contemporary Scottish colonial administrators, who were concerned that the colonies were poorly governed, neglected and corrupt. They innovated, however, by offering works that depicted the history of Britain as one of union and empire, thus writing some of the British empire’s first imperial histories, and Keith proposed policies intended to subjugate the colonies to crown authority that became influential in the 1760s.
SOCIOCULTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Financial University) (Penza branch), Penza, Russian Federation, YURASOV I.A. , ZAMIRALOVA T.A. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

This article is devoted to the study of the influence of socio-cultural foundations on the economic behavior of people in modern Russia. The conducted research revealed significant differences in which sociocultural factors influence the values, preferences and choices of respondents from different age groups. At the next stage, the influence of various traditions on different age groups was investigated. It turned out that almost all people in their economic behavior are influenced by certain traditions, while different groups of people are more or less influenced by different traditions. At the final stage, the perception of innovations and new technologies by different age groups, as well as people’s attitude to entrepreneurship, was investigated. The obtained research results are useful for predicting the course and outcome of economic behavior of Russian citizens of different ages. They should be taken into account when developing or adapting various economic programs or strategies that take into account the needs of various socio-cultural groups.
THE IMAGE OF RUSSIA AND ITS ARMY IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN INFORMATION WARFARE
Authors:   Military University named after Prince Aleksander Nevsky of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, PETRUKHIN A.S.
Published: June 2024

The article provides a general analysis of the nature of the new active phase of the Cold War of the West against Russia. The manifesto of this war was the report “The Russian Challenge” prepared by the British Chatham House. In the technologies of information warfare, psychohistorical weapons, social construction, and post-truth are singled out. One of the objects of defeat is the historical and spiritual image of Russia and its army. To do this, Russophobia is used, in the implementation of which the technologies of modern warfare are used. In addition, modern information warfare intrudes directly into the sphere of religious practices and traditional spiritual values, destroying the direct organic connection of a person with the world and his own kind. And behind the image of the West, there are subjects of globalization that seek to establish their own project of world order by dismantling nation-states and local civilizations. In order to survive, Russia must revive the practices of comprehending and embodying objectively existing meanings, taking into account its historical and spiritual experience and the nature of modern challenges and threats of a new information war.
THE CONCEPT OF “JUST WAR”: HORIZON, STRUCTURE, CRITICISM
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Belgorod, Russian Federation, MALTSEV K.G. , MALTSEVA A.V.
Published: June 2024

The concept of “just war” has become politically and scientifically relevant due to the collapse of the “European international system of sovereign states”; in the modern situation of “world disorder” (R. Haas), it becomes an instrument of public rhetoric; the inevitable consequence is the degradation of meaning - philosophical research, thus aimed at the formation of the concept, becomes relevant. Understanding the structure, meaning and scope of the concept of “just war” involves putting it in context; the goal, therefore, is to construct a horizon. The main task is to clarify the meaning of the concept of “just war” as a phenomenon of modernity. The concept of “just war” belongs to the field of ideas, that is, understanding presupposes going beyond the methodological framework of disciplinary science - the trans-boundary can be ensured by using methods developed by philosophical hermeneutics to analyze and identify the meaning of ideas and concepts, as well as understanding the ways in which they have power and determine reality. It is revealed that the reduction of the political to morality and the direct application of moral principles to politics necessarily leads to the degradation of war: the rejection of the “non-discriminatory concept of war” in favor of the concept of “just war” removes any restrictions from armed violence. It is demonstrated that war remains necessary on its periphery as normalization, police operation, “humanitarian intervention; the concept of ’just war’ is a tool for ensuring security. It is concluded that the anti-terrorist war as a police operation to ensure the security of the global liberal political order is the conceptual core of the modern concept of “just war”.
SYRIAN-ISRAELI RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN CRISES IN THE ARAB EAST
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University (SPbSU), Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, ANTOSHCHENKO D.V. ,   Committee for Industrial Policy, Innovations and Trade of Saint-Petersburg
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study. The article examines the positions and interests of Syria and Israel in the Syrian crisis; the problems of the impact of Israel’s new war with HAMAS on the Middle East. The current situation in the Syrian conflict and Syrian-Israeli relations are analyzed; trends and prospects for the development of relations between the SAR and Israel in the context of the escalation of the conflict. The purpose of the study is to establish and identify the role and significance of the consequences of the war between Israel and HAMAS for the Middle East, as well as its impact on Syrian-Israeli relations and their further development in the Middle East region. Conclusions. The paper presents the results of a study of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict through the prism of the Syrian crisis. The author of the work examined the prerequisites and causes of the Palestinian-Israeli and Syrian conflicts, as well as analyzed the internal and external actors of the conflict in Syria. This work examines the role of Palestinians and Palestinian organizations in the Syrian civil war, examines the impact of the Syrian crisis on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, determines the degree of mutual influence of the two conflicts and shows the prospects for the development of the regional situation in their context.
TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING
Authors:   T1 Digital LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation, MALYGIN D.S.
Published: June 2024

Nowadays programming is an indispensable part of modern life. It is the foundation for the development and implementation of new technologies and solutions in various fields of human activity: personal to professional. Recently, there has been significant progress in the development of information technologies due to the constant scientific and technological advances around the world. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current situation as well as trends in the development of software development. The work uses theoretical methods of research, such as analysis, synthesis and generalization. Because of this work, the author has identified the main trends and tendencies observed in the information technology industry. Based on the results obtained, the author makes conclusions about how the software development industry will develop and what technologies will have the greatest impact in the future. The scientific value of the current work consists in the formation and systematization of the most important trends and prospects of programming development. The materials of the work can be useful for modern software developers, architects and project managers in technology companies, allowing them to identify the most promising directions in the aspect of development of their competencies.
PULSE TUNNEL EFFECT: FUNDAMENTALS AND PROSPECTS FOR APPLICATION
Authors:   Institute of Materials Science of the SPA “Physics-Sun” of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, RAKHIMOV R.KH.
Published: June 2024

In the first part of the article discusses fundamental aspects of the pulsed tunneling effect as a unified mechanism for describing tunneling phenomena in various fields of physics are considered. The main provisions of the pulsed tunneling theory developed by Keldysh are analyzed. The features of the effect’s implementation in optics, nanoelectronics, perovskites and other materials are examined. The role of coherent radiation is shown. The prospects of regulating material properties and observing non-standard phenomena due to PTE are discussed. In the second part of the article discusses examines the subtleties of the pulsed tunneling effect as a fundamental mechanism of interaction of radiation with matter. The advantages of the ITE compared to the standard quantum tunneling effect are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the role of radiation coherence and unidirectional polarization during pulsed exposure. The features of the manifestation of effects in optics, nanotechnology and biology are considered. The prospects for using ITEs to create new functional materials and effective technologies are shown.
ALGEBRAIC MODELS FOR DATA AND KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION IN MODERN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors:   Yandex, Moscow, Russian Federation, KUCHUMOV I.V.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses algebraic data and knowledge representation models in modern database management systems. It is shown that despite the effectiveness of the relational model in storing large volumes of structured information, its capabilities are limited for expressing machine learning algorithms. In this regard, new approaches are proposed based on advanced algebraic models that allow formalizing the architecture and operations of neural networks in SQL. Methods of hybridization of SQL and GPU computations, application of specialized operators, combining data processing and analysis stages are considered. The results confirm the high efficiency of the developed solutions for intelligent analytics.
METSAMOR - AN ANCIENT CITY OF THE BRONZE AND IRON AGE ON THE TERRITORY OF ARMENIA
Authors:   Armenian State Pedagogical University after Kh. Abovyan (ASPU), Yerevan, Republic of Armenia, PILIPOSYAN A.S. ,   «Service for the Protection of Historical Environment and Cultural Museum-Reservations» NCSO of the Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport of the Republic of Armenia,   Historical-archaeological Museum-Reserve «Erebuni»
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of many years of excavations of the citadel, urban quarters and necropolis of the Bronze and Iron Age (second half of the 4th - first half of the 1st mil BC) archaeological site of Metsamor, located in the Ararat Valley of Armenia. The artifacts of this multi-layer monument are of certain importance for comprehensive reconstructions of the military-political, socio-economic and ethno-cultural processes that took place in the territory of Asia Minor, the Levant, the Iranian Plateau and the Armenian Highlands, especially in the middle and end of the 2nd mil BC, and make it possible to talk about a well-organized transit trade in strategic raw materials (tin, gold, copper, iron) and everyday goods throughout the Ancient Near East during this period.
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN THE URAL IN THE 1960-1970S: HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE ISSUE
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, GORBACHEV A.O.
Published: June 2024

The paper attempts to identify and analyze the main stages of studying the history of university education in the Urals. The peculiarities of studying the issue under study determined the specifics of the author's approach - the inclusion of works that explore the higher school of the USSR. The author divided the extensive body of discovered historical literature into 2 periods: Soviet and post-Soviet. During the Soviet period, the formation of the study of higher education problems in the USSR, including university education, took place. Monographs, collective works, and papers are actively appearing, which are written in a wide chronological and territorial framework, based on a large statistical array of data. In the post-Soviet period, research on higher education continues. There are papers, the authors of which analyzed the formation and development of regional higher education systems, identified their main stages. Certain aspects of university education in the Urals (specific universities - Perm State University named after A.M. Gorky and Ural State University named after A.M. Gorky). A body of memoir literature dedicated to these higher educational institutions has been identified. The author has not revealed any generalizing works on the history of university education, which stimulates him to further scientific research on this issue.
WHAT KIND OF HISTORY IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WRITING?
Authors:   Tula Museum of weapons, Tula, Russian Federation, GERASIMOV G.I.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the article is to find out the capabilities of public versions of modern artificial intelligence in the field of creating historical texts, their quality, theoretical orientation and the possibility of using them as a tool for historical research, as well as auxiliary material for students and anyone interested in history. To achieve the goal of the study, a comparison was made of texts on historical topics created by domestic (GigaChat from Sberbank) and foreign (ChatGPT 3.5 from OpenAI) artificial intelligence. Analyzing the test results, it was noted that both AIs make factual errors, including crucial ones. A comparison of foreign and domestic AI showed that the knowledge base used is much wider and richer in ChatGPT 3.5 from OpenAI, so it gives more detailed, extensive and balanced answers. GigaChat from Sberbank, as well as ChatGPT 3.5 from OpenAI, «adheres» to mainly liberal views on Russian history, which is explained by the predominance of Western liberal theories in domestic historical literature, used as an AI knowledge base. Assessing AI responses in general, the author believes that both versions of artificial intelligence give a mostly negative assessment of Russian history. The author considers it inappropriate to recommend both AIs for use by schoolchildren and students as an auxiliary tool for studying Russian history.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPTICAL INDUSTRY OF THE USSR IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1940S - MID-1960S UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF TRANSITION TOWARDS LATE INDUSTRIAL MODERNIZATION
Authors:   Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, SLUDNYH A.V.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the research. The purpose of the research work was to study the history of optics as one of the high-tech industries of production and science in the context of the transition to late industrial modernization. The topic is actualized by the modern conditions of the formation of the post-industrial economy and the need for import substitution in the face of sanctions pressure. Results. In the second half of the 1940s - mid-1960s, having carried out re-evacuation and reconversion, the optical and mechanical industry of the USSR expanded its production and scientific base, mastered new types of optical products, and improved optical glass production technologies. The scientific and technological revolution has led to the emergence of new high-tech industries in need of high-tech optical devices (space industry, electronics, photo-film industry). In the second half of the 1940s - mid-1960s. The Soviet industrial modernization in optics was entering its final stage, and the fourth technological order was taking shape, within the framework of which there was a proliferation of conveyor production, laser technology, alignment equipment, and programmable machine tools. By the mid-1960s, the country was well-off in competition with the West in optical technologies, the USSR produced high-precision optical devices for export. The successes of the optical and mechanical industry and science created the prerequisites for the transition of the Soviet Union to a post-industrial economy.
REPRESENTATION OF THE URALS SPACE IN GUIDEBOOKS AT THE END OF THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY
Authors:   Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, GOLIKOVA S.V.
Published: June 2024

The article studies the presentation of the Urals space in Guidebooks published in the end 19th - early 20th centuries. The publication of the guidebooks is recognized by the author as an important milestone not only in the development of tourism, but also in the formation of the cultural geography of the region. They allow us to present the process of producing knowledge about the Urals from a special point of view and clarify the changing approaches to describing the territory of the region. An analysis of guidebooks to the Urals showed the absence in their texts of clear principles for dividing the Ural macro-region, and the region itself was presented discretely and incompletely in them. The increase in the number and species diversity of tourist attractions in guidebooks compensated for this deficiency. It was they who made it possible to form an impressive and multifaceted geocultural image of the Urals.
FREE TIME AND RECREATION OF CITIZENS IN THE VISUAL IMAGES OF THE SOVIET PRESS OF THE 1920S
Authors:   Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, KLINOVA M.A. , TROFIMOV A.V. ,   Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation,   Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokina, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study. This article analyzes the visual content of the Soviet press of the 1920s, in order to reconstruct the normative and deviant models of recreation reflected in it by the urban population of the country. Conclusions. In visual media stories, the problems of free time and recreation exist in several planes: imperative (approved, ideologically correct strategies and practices of organizing free time are broadcast); normative (examples are given indicating the «sprouts» of a new way of life); critical (deviant practices and «remnants» of the past that need to be eliminated are ridiculed and castigated). In quantitative terms, in the press of the 1920s, the plots of the first and second groups, devoted to cultural recreation of citizens in parks, libraries, theaters, etc., prevailed. The practices of deviant recreation (drunkenness, gambling, etc.), explained by pre-Soviet remnants, the difficulties of the recovery period, and the lack of education of citizens, were more often represented by anonymous plots indicating vice, but not discrediting specific citizens. The press was intended to form cultural leisure practices among citizens rather than reflect the realities of the pastime of citizens in the 1920s.
Teaching Spanish to migrants in Spain: the teacher´s perspective
Authors: Morales Rodríguez Elvira Margarita , Sosinski Martin
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to approach the reality of Spanish classrooms for migrants in Spain and to reflect on different aspects of this type of teaching from the teachers' perspective. For this purpose, we have worked with a sample of 20 teachers of Spanish for migrants in several organizations located in different Spanish cities, who were interviewed between 2021 and 2022. The study is descriptive in nature with a qualitative data analysis and focuses on three dimensions: the students, the teachers and the teaching process. The results show that, in relation to migrant students, teachers consider their students to be vulnerable, but also indicate that they are more motivated by the need to know the language in order to find work and integrate into the host society. They also agree that a teacher with migrant students should be empathetic, patient, understanding, capable of mediating possible conflicts and interested in the social work involved in this type of work. As for the teaching process, the need to adapt materials and focus on a communicative approach that enables students to use the language in their daily lives was emphasized. The lack of autonomy of the students and the need to improve written comprehension and expression were highlighted as weaknesses. It should also be noted that this study is based on the teachers' experience, so it would be advisable to expand it with future research that gathers new data, such as the students' experience or the evolution of teaching in recent years.
Strategies and Innovations for Enhancing Sustainable Performance in SMEs During The 4.0 Digital Business Era
Authors: Cuandra Fendy , Candy Candy
Published: June 2024

Purpose – This research aimed to examine the impact of business model innovation (BMI), competitive advantage (CA), learning capability (LC), technological capability (TC), and relational capability (RC) on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) sustainable performance (SP). Additionally, the mediating role of LC in the relationship between TC and RC, as well as the SP of SMEs is explored.
Methodology – This research uses primary data obtained from a questionnaire completed by 210 respondents. Purpose sampling which focuses on culinary SMEs is adopted, specifically in Batam City, and has been operating for at least 3 years.
Findings – The result showed a significant impact of CA, TC, LC, and RC on the SP of SMEs in Batam City. Furthermore, there is no significant influence from BMI, and LC is identified as a mediating factor in the relationship between TC and SP.
Originality – The research reports the latest information and analysis related to factors that can help SMEs maintain their SP. These include the absence of the role of BMI and the discovery of the mediating impact of LC and TC on the SP of SMEs.
En modell för att utveckla elevers förmåga att formulera undersökningsbara frågor i naturvetenskap
Authors: Karlström Matti
Published: June 2024

Det är inte givet att gymnasielever i sitt genomförande av systematiska undersökningar samtidigt utvecklar en kunskap om naturvetenskapens arbetsmetoder. I en studie undersöker forskare en modell för att stödja eleverna i att utveckla undersökningsbara frågor. Resultaten visar att modellen ger stöd, men att den kräver att läraren gör sig delaktig i elevernas arbete med att utveckla frågorna.
ExoDS: a versatile exosome-based drug delivery platform to target cancer cells and cancer stem cells
Authors: Paul Swastika , Bhagat Shrikrishna , Dash Lipsa , Mohapatra Himadri Das , Jena Sarita , Verma Suresh K. , Dutta Abhishek
Published: June 2024

Graphical Abstract

Graphical abstract showing the process workflow for preparation of ExoDS and its mode of action.
Influence of High-Voltage Corona Discharge on Drying Kinetics and Physicochemical Properties of Alfalfa at Various Air-Gap Spacings
Authors: Guo Mengheng , Qian Yingying , Yuan Jiamin , Song Zhiqing
Published: June 2024

The high nutritional value of alfalfa hay makes it a widely utilized component in animal feed. However, the current prevalent drying methods for forage have a significantly detrimental impact on the quality of alfalfa during the drying process. This study investigates the effects of high-voltage corona discharge (HVCD) treatment on post-cut alfalfa. Gradient experiments are conducted by adjusting the air-gap spacing at a voltage of 25 kV. The results demonstrate that as the distance decreases, there is an observed increase in the drying rate, rehydration rate, and color intensity of the HVCD-treated material. HVCD treatment significantly enhances crude protein content, which increases with decreasing air-gap spacing. Meanwhile, it negatively affects lignin, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) levels. The relative forage quality (RFQ) of alfalfa reaches its peak at an air-gap spacing of 7 cm. The application of HVCD disrupts the fiber structure and induces significant electroporation effects in cells. Minimal changes in functional groups preserve nutrient integrity. Furthermore, HVCD exhibits lower energy consumption compared to hot air dryers. The HVCD treatment is a highly efficient and effective method, with a gradual improvement in alfalfa hay quality as the air-gap distance decreases.