bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The concrete modified by conductive mineral for electrode heating
Authors: Mukhametrakhimov Rustem , Galautdinov Albert , Garafiev Ainur
Published: August 2020

There are a lot of different methods of cold weather concreting. One of the weakly efficient methods of artificial concrete heating is electrode heating. The effectiveness of electrode concrete heating can be improved by means of conductive mineral addition to concrete mix that helps to support optimized resistivity of structure, reduce power costs and the period of development of strength in concrete. It is found that contraction of concrete mix modified by floured shungite in the quantity of 1% by mass of cement (5.18 ml) is lower than contraction of the initial unmodified concrete mix (8.15 ml) which shows its hydration processes slowing and demonstrates noneffect of shungite on concrete strength increase during electrode concrete heating. Concrete mix modifying by floured shungite helps to increase concrete temperature compared to initial mix by the value up to 8°C during the period of 0-20 hours of electrode heating, which leads to the structure’s strength development rate increase. Electric resistance decrease of the modified concrete mix that is observable during this process shows us improvement of the effectiveness of electrode concrete heating with shungite.
Ways to improve the quality of monolithic reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Khuzin Airat , Sharavina Alena
Published: August 2020

In the construction sector, according to official statistics, the quality of construction products in recent years has tended to deteriorate. The number of defects affecting the structural safety of constructed buildings and structures has increased, and there is a tendency to increase the specific gravity of violations at the facilities.

The cause of most defects in monolithic structures is poor-quality formwork. The application of a systematic approach to improving the quality of formwork structures is an essential element of the quality control system of monolithic structures.

This paper presents data on the main structural elements, as well as gives a classification of the main defects that occur when formwork is performed, the causes of their occurrence are identified, and ways to eliminate them are proposed.
Development of the composition of the self-compacting concrete with high performance
Authors: Bogdanov Ruslan , Mavlyuberdinov Azat
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the optimal fractional composition of aggregates for self-compacting concrete, provided that the maximum bulk density and particle packing density were achieved.

The main results of the study are to determine the fractional composition of aggregates for self-compacting concrete, designed for structures with high performance properties. To solve the formulated problem, mathematical methods of planning an active experiment were used, namely, a simplex-lattice plan. It was found that the mixture has the maximum bulk density, consisting of: coarse aggregate (crushed stone) fraction 5-10 mm -48%; enriched fine aggregate (coarse sand) of a fraction of 0.16-5 mm -16%; fine aggregate (fine sand) fractions of 0.16-0.63 mm -36%. In this case, the maximum bulk density and packing density of the particles of the aggregate mixture were 1840 kg/m3 and 0.82, respectively.

The significance of the results of the work for the construction industry lies in establishing the optimal ratio of the mixture of aggregates, which allows obtaining self-compacting concrete with high physical and technical properties.
Application of unmanned aerial vehicles for solving engineering tasks
Authors: Bezmenov Vladimir , Safin Kamil , Stepanov Sergei
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in solving engineering tasks. Information about the current state of the market of unmanned aerial vehicles and services with their use is provided. The most frequently used unmanned aerial vehicles and their characteristics are considered. Modern methods of obtaining and principles of processing images obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles and trends towards further development of the aerial photography process are described. The results are presented: modeling the influence of angular elements of external orientation on the accuracy of the obtained spatial coordinates of terrain points; studies of determining the volume of soil and creating a three-dimensional model of an engineering object (building) based on aerial photography obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle multicopter. The accuracy of determining the volume of soil was controlled using a digital terrain model obtained using a total station. Control of the accuracy of building a three-dimensional model of an engineering object was performed by comparing the distances between the points of the object obtained from the three-dimensional model and the total station measurements. As follows from the results of the article, an unmanned aerial vehicle can be an effective tool for solving some engineering problems. The results obtained are comparable to the accuracy of classical methods, provided that the correct choice of the type of unmanned aerial vehicle and the correct approach to processing obtained images.
Information modeling of the construction process (the case study of the construction of a civil building pit)
Authors: Kabanov Vadim
Published: August 2020

The paper studies approaches to information modeling of construction processes. The technology of earthworks production is fully mechanized. This feature simplifies construction information modeling procedures. As an example, the construction of a civil building pit is considered. The purpose of the work: to develop a sequence of formation and selection of technological solutions with a minimum cost. Combinatorics and numerical methods were applied. The quantitative values of the source data (productivity and cost) are set by the standards of the Russian Federation. The cost and duration of work were used as the selection criteria. The values of the source data and criteria are given in relative units (relative to the minimum value in the array of source and calculated data). As a result of the research, we obtained sets of machines (excavator and dump trucks) with a minimum cost. A graphic image of the duration and cost for each technological solution of earthworks production, which can be formed using the Russian estimation standards, is obtained.
Design and calculation of the internal roof drain system structure in terms of thermal protection and moisture condensation
Authors: Petrov Artem , Ivantsov Aleksey
Published: August 2020

A field survey of roof structures of several administrative buildings in the temperate climatic zone showed the presence of condensate in the zone of the internal drain. The fact of overmoistening of the roof structure raises doubts about the operability of the roof aerators installed on these coatings, designed to remove condensate from the roof layers. The inefficiency of using roof aerators can be explained by the process of condensed moisture freezing in the structure during the cold season thus cannot be removed by aeration. Two types of structures of the internal roof drain system used in construction from the point of view of condensate formation are revealed. The difference between the types is the degree of water vapor permeability of the junction layer between the pipe and the coating plate. An impermeable solution can be made by mounting a steel flange at the junction of the pipe and the coating plate. The vapor-permeable solution is made in the form of a simple sealing of the gap with polyurethane foam or other permeable materials. A calculated analysis of the temperature fields and the humidity conditions of the two types of internal roof drain structures showed that the use of polyurethane foam or its analogs in the gap is not enough to protect the roof structure from condensation. This solution leads to condensation inside the structure at positive outside temperatures (less than 2 °C). The design with steel flange at the junction of the pipe and the coating plate is free from these drawbacks and can be used at lower outdoor temperatures.
The influence of architectural and construction parameters of residential buildings on energy efficiency in Russian Federation
Authors: Ivantsov Aleksey , Petrov Artem
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the dependence of the energy saving class of a residential multi-apartment building on various architectural and construction parameters. The study was conducted on the example of a building model for 36 cities of the Russian Federation in various climatic conditions. The calculation of the energy saving class was carried out according to the method of Building Code 50.13330.2012 «Thermal insulation of buildings». The analysis of this technique in relation to the architectural and construction components of the building is given. It is shown that the traditional approach to the design of residential buildings without the use of additional energy saving measures allows to achieve an energy saving class at level «B» (above -30 % of the base value) regardless of the height of the building. A significant change in the energy saving of the building with a different glazing-to-wall ratio is shown. It is proved that the additional insulation of the building envelope does not lead to an effective increase in energy saving. The calculation showed that heat recovery using a mechanical ventilation system is an important factor in increasing the energy efficiency of residential buildings.
Heat exchangers with spring-twisted heat-exchange elements made of wire with sections of various geometries
Authors: Gorskaya Tatyana , Zolotonosov Yakov , Martynov Peter , Khabibullina Albina , Krutova Iraida
Published: August 2020

The use of heat exchangers in the industry is quite large, it makes up a large share of all heat consumption in Russia, and therefore it is important to have equipment that meets modern requirements. In this regard, there are issues of improving and modernizing obsolete and developing new equipment. The authors proposed a heat exchanger based on effective thermal elements, the working surface of which is made by tightly winding wire having a cross-section in the form of an ovoid on a circular cylinder. In the places where the coils of wire adjoin each other, they are rigidly coupled by means of microplasma or laser welding, which eliminates the phenomenon of work hardening taking place in knurled pipes. To justify the effectiveness of the proposed apparatus, a computer model of the heat transfer process was applied and a physical experiment of the installation was carried out, showing the adequacy of the computer model. Numerical results of heat and hydrodynamic characteristics showed the consistency of the application of the proposed heat exchange equipment, based on spring-twisted elements, in industry, in the field of housing and communal services, as well as in related industries. Research in this direction contributes to the creation of small-sized heat-exchange equipment of large unit capacity.
The use of porous metals in heat exchangers
Authors: Stepanov Oleg , Rydalina Natalia , Antonova Elena
Published: August 2020

Heat exchangers are widely used in heat supply systems. To increase the efficiency of heat supply systems, heat exchangers with porous metals are proposed to design. There was a test facility set up to study new types of heat exchangers. The countercurrent flow of heat carriers was activated in those heat exchangers. Freon moved through the heat exchanger pores, and water moved through the inner tubes. It should be noted that the porous materials in the heat exchangers differed in the coefficient of porosity. To be compared, one of the heat exchangers did not contain any porous material. The first test cycle proved the feasibility of using porous metals in heat exchange equipment. Afterwards, a simplified mathematical model of the heat exchanger was compiled. Such an analytical form makes a solution convenient for engineering calculations. Numerical calculations based on this model were compared with the experimental data. Heat transfer intensity of materials with different porosity was compared. This method can be applied in case when the heat exchange surface area is unknown. Moreover, it takes into account the heat capacity and heat of the phase transition of freon, if any.
Wastewater treatment plant for the preparation of industrial water for waterflooding of oil reservoirs using pressure hydrocyclones
Authors: Sheshegova Irina , Busarev Andrey
Published: August 2020

To increase the oil recovery of productive oil-bearing reservoirs, the method of increasing reservoir pressure is used. It consists of pumping process water into the oil-bearing horizons. To increase the long-term intake capacity of injection wells, this water is purified from the suspended substances.

This article presents treatment facilities for the preparation of industrial water, including the use of pressure hydrocyclones and various hydrocyclone installations for its treatment. The paper presents the results of the research on water purification from suspension in pressure cylinders of Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering. The settling time for water purification from suspended substances, which was pre-treated in pressure hydrocyclones, was determined.

The results obtained allow us to design treatment facilities with devices of the «block hydrocyclone-sump» type, in which the reagent-free preparation of technical water used for flooding productive horizons is carried out.

Studies of water purification processes from suspension in hydrocyclone installations are of high scientific and practical significance for the oil fields of Russia.
Harbingers of dioxins in thermal decomposition of high-energy fuel
Authors: Barysheva Olga , Sadykov Renat
Published: August 2020

Combustion of high-energy chemical fuels containing dioxins in their elemental composition can lead to the formation of super eco toxicants on smoke particles-polychlorinated dioxins and furans. The choice of the method of solving the equations of chemical kinetics is basic in numerical experiment. Calculation and theoretical studies were carried out to solve the problem of determining the parameters of combustion products of chemical fuels taking into account the formation of traces of polychlorinated dioxins. Basic information on the adopted method of determining non-equilibrium composition of combustion products of chlorine-containing chemical fuels is presented. Based on the literary analysis on the mechanisms and rates of chemical reactions of conversion of chlorine-containing compounds, a kinetic model of formation of traces of dioxins was built. Numerical calculations on the assumption of chemical equilibrium have shown that the dioxins formation process is substantially non-equilibrium. The results of kinetic studies on the emission of dioxins precursors showed the nature of the change in time of various components of combustion products of chemical fuels depending on temperature.
The study of gas flow in the industrial smoke pipe
Authors: Volodin Yurii , Marfina Olga , Tsvetkovich Michael
Published: August 2020

To describe the flow of flue gases in the working space of the exhaust shaft of an industrial chimney, a three-dimensional mathematical model based on the Favre-averaged complete Navier-Stokes equations closed by k-ε – a turbulence model using improved wall functions is proposed. Thus, it is possible to draw up a detailed physical picture of the process under study, to establish the presence of a significant part of the internal volume of the barrel of intensive secondary flows, vortex zones, which have a significant effect on the kinematic structure of the entire flow, on the nature of the velocity distribution in its various cross sections, as well as on friction, heat transfer and mass transfer in the parietal regions. The calculations showed that a swirling gas flow, which reduces the corrosion resistance of its walls appears in the root of the chimney. This undesirable phenomenon noticeably weakens in case of installation of special ramps or partitions at the inlet of the outlet trunk.
Simulation of separated flow past an inclined and normal plates by a discrete vortex method
Authors: Gumerov Anvar
Published: August 2020

Unsteady separated flow past a normal or an inclined flat plate is simulated using the discrete vortex method. The plate is replaced by attached discrete vortices and the separated flow motion behind the plate is modeled by free discrete vortices moving with a local velocity. The intensities of attached vortices at each moment of time are determined from the condition of impermeability of the streamlined body surface, as well as the condition that the total intensity of the attached and free vortices is equal to zero. A formula is introduced for determining the pressure coefficient in the position of the attached vortices, and it is obtained from the pressure in an unsteady-state flow by Cauchy-Lagrange function. The forces exerted on the plate at each instant of time determined from the generalized Blasius theorem.

The calculations have shown, that by choosing an integration step and a quantity of the plate breakdowns, it is possible to obtain a satisfactory convergence with the experimental results on the normal force coefficient. But this results in some discrepancy in the Strouhal number of vortex shedding, especially at the small angles of attack. Replacement of the plate by the attached vortices leads to a passage of the free vortices through it, which leads to a discontinuous change in its aerodynamic characteristics. To avoid the latter, it is necessary to introduce a condition, for example, to exclude a normal velocity component of the free vortex near the plate. The introduction of the initial disturbance affects to some extent a subsequent development of the vortices and, thus, the dependence of the normal force coefficient on a time period.
Influence of geometrical parameters of air inlet hole on the kinematic characteristics of jet
Authors: Kareeva Juliya , Bliznyakova Ksenia , Ashadullina Diana , Zakieva Raushan
Published: August 2020

While considering air exchange scheme in rooms with heat dissipations, it is often preferred when jet flows directly into the working area. It is necessary to take into account the influence of irregularities of velocity profiles in jets that are formed at the outflow from nozzle with different geometry. The jet outflow from inlet holes located beyond elbow was numerically studied. The influence of geometrical parameters of inlet hole on the jet characteristics was investigated.

The characteristic flow streamlines for several geometries of a horizontal nozzle, the main characteristics of jet outflow were computed. The relationship between the inlet hole location relative to elbow and the outflow jet characteristics were determined. It was revealed that when the inlet hole is located in close proximity to the elbow, the velocity profiles have strong irregularities, and the jet outflows at an angle to the horizon. When the distance between the hole and the elbow increases, the jet strengthens, the transversal component of velocity does not affect the jet, the outflow angle tends to horizontal.

The obtained results can be used for calculating the circulation of air masses in ventilated rooms.
A study of the source-sink system with uneven suction
Authors: Davidov Alexander , Kareeva Juliya , Gabdrafikov Rustam
Published: August 2020

Suction hoods are used on a wide-spread basis in ventilation equipment in order to capture harmful substances released by process equipment. The efficiency of such devices is dependent not only on the relative position of the source of contamination and that of the suction hood but also on suction uniformity. Where the location of the source and that of the suction hood is misaligned, the need arises to put in place an uneven velocity field in the suction hood.

This papers explores the flow of hazardous substances from the “source” to the “sink” located at an angle of 180 degrees relative to each other. Collection efficiency was determined numerically by means of the Fluent software as well as experimentally. A screen was mounted inside to ensure uneven suction. The study yielded flow current lines and constant temperature lines. It also helped to define maximum suction intensity.

The findings may be used for designing ventilation systems intended for industrial buildings.
Engineering and computer graphics for effective training in a construction university
Authors: Belavina Tatyana , Gorskaya Tatyana , Goulkanyan Meri
Published: August 2020

One of the most important disciplines for the training of civil engineers is engineering and computer graphics. However, traditional training in engineering graphics does not bring tangible results, so there is a need for the introduction of modern innovative approaches and methods. It is proposed and justified the use of a combined approach to teaching engineering graphics, based on the combination of three-dimensional modeling in AutoCAD 2018 and traditional, on paper, manually. Studies conducted on the basis of the Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering have shown the feasibility of using a combined approach. So, as a result of the experiment, it turned out that the most effective assimilation of educational material according to the results of graphic work was demonstrated by the group of students who, when it was used, used both the capabilities of 3D modeling and the ability to manually perform graphic work, with this approach, students receive additional skills, which will become relevant in their future professional activities.
Crowdsourcing as an approach to solving environmental problems by future construction engineers
Authors: Yakimova Elena , Terehov Pavel , Salnikova Olga , Ishmuhametova Naila
Published: August 2020

The article studies the role of the University of Architecture and Engineering students in the formation of the ecological culture of the population. We consider crowdsourcing as an approach to solving problems and sharing the solutions through the implementation or offering the materials in the public domain. Crowdsourcing as an approach is different from a community-based research approach. Crowdsourcing is an innovative way of people’s self-realization. It is corporations’ and power structures’ attempt to open access to vigorous transformative activity for “smart crowd”. We also explore collaborative actions that are aimed at cooperating with communities on research participating and achieving environmental change. Within the crowdsourcing technology, the solution of the problem is transferred to a distributed and very large group of people, due to which the cost and time to achieve the result are significantly reduced. That must be used in the formation of people’s ecological culture, in particular students of the University of Architecture and Engineering.
Synthesis of Group Incentive Systems on the Basis of Heuristic Algorithms
Authors: Sergei Barkalov , Vladimir Burkov , Pavel Kurochka , Dong Xuan Tu
Published: August 2020

The task of synthesizing the system of incentives for executives is considered with the aim of ensuring the project implementation deadlines. This problem occurs when, with the accepted method of organizing the execution of work on a project, the period for its implementation exceeds the allowable one. In this case, a list of organizational and technological measures is being developed, aimed at reducing the duration of the work that constitutes the project. The cost of reducing the duration of work is linearly dependent on the magnitude of this reduction. The incentive system is designed to offset these costs performers. In the system of group incentives, all projects are divided into several groups, and each group has its own incentive system. It is shown that the most preferable will be a group incentive system that combines the advantages of both individual and collective incentive systems. A task is considered when the number of groups is set into which it is necessary to divide the whole set of project works, and the number of works in groups is assumed to be two. This formulation of the problem can be represented as a graph. It is shown that in this case the problem reduces to determining the maximum matching of the minimum weight. A heuristic algorithm for solving this problem is given.
The region’s competitiveness assessment on the basis of “sustainable development” concept
Authors: Gareeva Nailya , Starodubova Anna , Romanova Anna
Published: August 2020

The authors propose an improved method of assessment the competitiveness of regions. The novelty of method is the selection of competitiveness factors on the basis of “Sustainable development” concept. The study selected and classified influencing factors of the competitiveness by the expert evaluation. The first selecting criterion is long-term and short-term action of the factors. The second one is financial results production and consumption of the product. The third criterion is the complex of standards in the production and consumption of the product. Other criteria are the extensiveness of changes, integration in the production and consumption. The assessment of competitiveness involves calculating points and ratings on these criteria. As a result, the method allows to classify the regions by level of competitiveness which depends on the points calculated in the short and long terms. The higher the region’s class number is the more competitive the region itself, and vice versa. This assessment allows to form the strategies for the new products and cooperation of the regions.
«Smart» concept as a solution to the single-industry towns’ development problems of the northern territorial entities in Russia
Authors: Sergeeva Irina , Voronina Evgeniya , Khadasevich Nailya , Kaufman Nataliya , Zelentsova Svetlana , Litovchenko Anastasiya
Published: August 2020

Historically, modern single-industry towns in the north of Western Siberia of Russia are characterized by almost the same set of socio-economic problems. The main of these problems is the retention and growth of human capital as a growth factor of the gross regional product, respectively, and the gross domestic product of the country. The problem of single-industry towns in the Russian North currently remains relevant for such cities, since it leaves the integrated potential vulnerable and risky. The role of the task, which is improving the quality of the population life of these territorial entities under the growing strategic need for the diversification of city economies, timely modernization of enterprises, and the growth of investment attractiveness is increasing, since it is closely related to the development of such an important production factor as human capital. That is why the planning and subsequent implementation of the development strategy of the North of Western Siberia, taking into account the provisions of the concept of a smart city, are becoming the main integral solution in modern conditions.
B2B and B2C marketing of energy-saving products, technologies and programs
Authors: Aleshnikova Vera , Anisimova Nadezhda , Sumarokova Ekaterina , Serebryakova Irina , Meshcheryakova Olga
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the problem of increasing the effectiveness of the introduction of energy-saving technologies and energy-efficient development of the Russian economy. The analysis of failures introduction to the B2B and B2C markets energy-saving technologies, products, programs and low interest of participants testifies to underestimation of marketing tools. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to use a marketing approach to the development and implementation of energy-saving programs, products and technologies in the B2B and B2C markets. The methodological basis of the research is the methods of logical, statistical, comparative, expert analysis, marketing research. The information base was made by normative legal acts, state programs in the field of energy efficiency, analytical materials, expert assessments. Research results: the necessity of marketing support of energy efficiency projects in the four-level system “state-region-companies-population” is substantiated; the features and key elements of the marketing model of energy-saving technologies, products, programs are highlighted; formulas for assessing the attractiveness and identifying stimulating factors at four levels are proposed, taking into account the classical approaches to assessing the effectiveness of investment projects. Practical value lies in the possibility of using recommendations in promoting and evaluating the attractiveness of energy-saving products, technologies and programs.
The model of forming of innovative financing and credit schemes in housing construction and estimation of their financial stability
Authors: Okolelova Ella , Shibaeva Marina , Shulgina Larisa , Efimyev Alexey , Serebryakova Nadezhda
Published: August 2020

The authors propose a new approach to the housing lending system based on the creation of building stakeholders as a group of stakeholders. All possible participants in the process are considered, starting from the facility construction and ending with the final consumers of construction products. A fundamentally new financial and credit mechanism is proposed, which is an alternative to a mortgage and, according to the authors, will serve as a catalyst for solving the problem of housing affordability. As part of the study, a stakeholder capital flow chart is proposed, direct and reverse financial flows are considered, a mechanism for forming a stakeholder fund is presented. The financial structure of the stakeholder proposed by the authors is based on the mechanism of direct and reverse movement of capital of the association. The formation of innovative credit mechanisms raises the question of the stability of the financial system in the face of risks. The authors propose a model for assessing the financial stability of a stakeholder based on the robustness theory, which determines the possible effects of risks and analyzes the effectiveness of process protection options.
Description of the basic activities for the realization of a new waste disposal scheme in Russia
Authors: Serebryakova Elena A , Smorodina Elena P , Kryuchkova Irina V , Marco Passettii
Published: August 2020

In some regions of Russia new waste management scheme is coming into operation in 2018. The Voronezh Region was one of the first to approve all the program documents necessary for this. In the framework of Voronezh region state program “Environmental Protection and Natural Resources”, the Voronezh Region Government Decree No. 524 of 30.06.17 allocated the subprogram “Regional program for waste management, including municipal solid waste”, the implementation of which is planned for 2018-2021. The main objective of the subprogram is to increase the proportion of waste that can be recycled, reused or disposed with minimal environmental damage. The article describes the main activities for the implementation of this subprogram and main trends of waste processing industry development in the conditions of digitalization. The article also describes the experience of waste sorting in Italy and some other countries, where this problem has been solved for more than 30 years.
The urgency of considering “false friends of a translator” for construction specialists
Authors: Makayev Khanif , Takhtarova Svetlana , Gulkanyan Mery , Kuznetsova Ilvira , Kazymova Tatiana
Published: August 2020

Construction employees are required to have good knowledge of foreign language professional terms. The survey of higher school students revealed the fact of their being reluctant to the issues of good knowledge of terminology and safety in future professional activities. They should be able to cope with homonyms that may cause confusion. Therefore, the research considers ‘false friends of a translator’ taking account of their similarities or differences in the pronunciation, meaning and spelling in English and Russian. To realize this aim the authors empirically surveyed two groups of a higher school final-year students to contribute to their language development through good knowledge of terms. The research was conducted on the base of comparison, observation and empirical methods and the teaching-practicing-controlling approach. The results obtained show that proper educating the future specialists to the use of the lexical units under consideration correctly can improve their professional growth and safety. The results can be used in language teaching practice, in making dictionaries for special purposes, as well as for making some possible contribution to terminology science.
Coh-metrix readability formulas for an academic text analysis
Authors: Kiselnikov Aleksander , Vakhitova Diliara , Kazymova Tatiana
Published: August 2020

Readability formulas play a significant role in the process of text design for academic purposes. Nowadays formulas are digitalized that makes their implementation easy and convenient. Formulas are designed for different languages and are aimed at dealing with texts of different genres. In the article, we evaluate readability of academic texts, which are in the textbook “English for Engineers”. This book is recommended by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for all technical Universities. Readability indices evaluation is performed with online tool Coh-Metrix. The tool suggests three readability indices obtained by means of three formulas: Flesch-Kincaid Grade Score, Flesch Reading Ease and Coh-Metrix L2 Reading Index. The Pearson correlation clearly demonstrates the absence of readability indices decrease from the first text in the book, which is considered to be the most readable to the last one that should be the less readable. By the way, Pearson correlation illustrates strong correlation between Flesch-Kincaid and Coh-Metrix L2 readability indices.
Paradigms in construction terminology
Authors: Sakaeva Lilia , Yahin Marat , Fatkullina Flyuza , Makayeva Guzal , Makayev Khanif
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the consideration of the admissibility of lexical and semantic relations in terminology, about the phenomena of synonymy, polysemy and homonymy in the term system of construction, which is one of the controversial in modern terminology and has repeatedly become the subject of research by Russian linguists. The authors focus on the concept of the term as a system. It is noted that the consistency of terminology is an organic synthesis of extralinguistic and actually linguistic factors that the term is systematic, since it is included in the system of concepts of a certain field of knowledge and it is in the system that displays all the properties of the term. The main attention is paid to the consideration of the processes of paradigmatic system taking place in the modern terminological system of the construction industry, and it is proved that the terms (as well as commonly used units of the language) are subject to various lexical and semantic processes. The most active type of paradigmatic relationship is synonymy. In the studied terminology there is also a terminological ambiguity, the basic mechanisms of development of which are isomorphic.
English and russian architectural and construction terminology: approaches to classification and systematization of terms
Authors: Sakaeva Liliya , Bazarova Liliya , Kalinina Anzhelika , Makayeva Guzal , Gulkanyan Mery
Published: August 2020

The rapid growth in the number of terminological units, the number of inaccuracies in the translation of architectural and construction vocabulary necessitated the streamlining and comprehensive unification of terms. However, effective unification of terminology should be based on preliminary linguistic research. In this regard, the approaches and classifications of architectural and construction terms in English and Russian in a comparative aspect are studied and systematized. The consideration of the architectural thesaurus contributed to the identification of its aspects: activities, physical characteristics, style and era, materials, agents, elements and equipment. The research revealed such classifications as the name of the units of measurement of physical quantities, the name of symbols, designs with participles; classifications characterizing specific functional types of buildings, names of subject concepts, borrowed terms, which underwent significant overview during assimilation. Based on these classifications, emphasized is that the classification of architectural vocabulary is impossible without analysis, identification of information transmitted in a manner.
The equivalence of the Russian and english phraseological terms in the field of construction and architecture
Authors: Khasanova Nurgizya , Kuznetsova Ilvira , Gulkanyan Meri
Published: August 2020

The authors of the article analyze the Russian and English phraseological terms in the field of construction and architecture and reveal the absolutely identical, full and partial phraseological equivalents, phraseological analogues, calques and half-calques. It helps to identify and describe the linguistic peculiarities of this sphere of knowledge in the process of comparative analysis. The absolutely identical phraseological equivalence is shown in the examples of compared meanings of phraseological units, their style, structure, image and grammatical form. Absolute phraseological equivalents are distinguished when phraseological units coincide semantically, stylistically and lexically, and their partial coincidence is found on the morphological level. Partial phraseological equivalents of scientific and technical terms in the field of construction and architecture coincide with Russian phraseological units semantically, stylistically and lexically in some cases. Phraseological analogues can be singled out when phraseological units coincide in meaning and style, but differ in their image.
The application of automated systems in construction
Authors: Prokhorov S , Fedorov V
Published: August 2020

The construction of modern buildings and structures is unthinkable without the use of digital technologies and equipment. The purpose of the study was to identify measures to reduce the cost of construction of real estate and project management. The subject of the study was modern automated systems for monitoring the progress of work and managing investment flows in the construction of facilities. The analysis of calculation results we can conclude that in comparison with traditional methods of construction, application of systems of automation of designing and implementation of construction works on the one hand leads to a rise in the cost of construction, but on the other allows you to save on logistical, human and energy resources, and enhance the competitiveness of construction organizations. The obtained equations, with the value of the coefficient of determination (91.4%), allowed us to evaluate the implemented measures for the automation of construction production.
Experimental study of full-scale piles on the vertical load in clay soil
Authors: Gandelsman I A , Gandelsman A I
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the results of field researches the engineering and geological conditions of the construction site, conducting full-scale parametric studies of changes in the bearing capacity of piles in Jurassic clays using various methods. The results obtained were generalized with the data of other authors. They show that in the process of changing the stress-strain state of the soil around the pile during the migration of pore water, the bearing capacity of the pile in these soil conditions increased from 1.1 to 6.0 times during the “rest” period. When investigating the causes of these processes, existing methods for determining changes in the bearing capacity of piles in time were considered and compared with the experimental results obtained. The article presents a method for optimizing the design solutions of pile foundations and provides recommendations for the use of pile foundations in similar ground conditions.
The industrial buildings reinforced concrete floor slabs with rational choice of the column pitch
Authors: Efimenko E A , Chepurnenko A S , Mailyan D R , Saibel A V
Published: August 2020

The paper discusses the problem of determining the rational dimensions of the spans of the industrial building floor slab with a rectangular grid of columns in order to minimize the deflection of the slab, the potential strain energy and the consumption of reinforcement. The problem is solved using nonlinear optimization methods in combination with the finite element method. The optimal ratio between the marginal and middle spans of the slab is established. An analogy between the task of optimizing a slab and a multi-span continuous beam is revealed.
Air in industrial premises
Authors: Ugorova S , Veselov O
Published: August 2020

The article considers a method for increasing the stability of air parameters in a limited space of the general production process using simulation methods in the environments of SolidWorks Flow Simulation HVAC Module Add-In and Matlab Simulink and Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. To select the simulation method, the models of Boussinesq, Spalart - Almaras, k - ω and k - ε; models, Reynolds, and the equations describing these models are considered. It is established that the most effective for the problem is the Navier-Stokes equation averaged by Reynolds. For the calculated ventilation system, as a result of simulation, we obtained the distribution of temperatures, air velocities, and temperatures of enclosing surfaces, floors, and objects. The results obtained were used to create a fuzzy controller. We obtained the set term and membership functions for input and output variables for four zones. The hierarchical structure consisting of three levels was used to implement the control process. Setting the FC parameters to the desired parameters is achieved by changing the dimension of the terms of the sets, the number and type of the membership function. An analytical description of the control method based on fuzzy logic is obtained. The control process is being carried out continuously in tracking mode. The results of experiments are submitted. The simulation showed that it is possible to stabilize the parameters in a given temperature range with a specified error.
Spline-based surfaces in architecture and civil engineering
Authors: Chekalin A A , Reshetnikov M K , Borodulina S V , Kuznetsova O G
Published: August 2020

Spline is the most convenient approximation tool widely used for designing curvilinear technical surfaces in various branches of technology, architecture and civil engineering. To solve such problems, bicubic splines are used. The spline function as a polynomial of the third degree contains differential coefficients. Most often, this is the first derivative in the spline nodes. These coefficients entirely determine its shape. We propose using a fourth order integro-differential spline with additional integral coefficients to construct the surface. These coefficients characterize the shape of the spline curve and the surface between the nodes. As far as computing goes, this spline is not more complicated than traditional one, since it is constructed by solving tridiagonal linear equation system. However, additional coefficients are convenient for local modifications of the curve and surface shapes. This reduces the number of pieces of a composite spline surface. In the practice of constructing geometric shapes in architecture, there are problems when the surface is more complex in one direction than in another. For modeling such surfaces, instead of bicubic spline, we propose using a heterogeneous integro-differential spline. The latter is cubic in one direction of the grid of nodes, and the fourth order polynomial in another direction.
Research on survivability of mesh hyperboloid structures
Authors: Samokhvalov Ivan , Erofeev Vladimir
Published: August 2020

The object of study is a mesh hyperboloid tower, which has a base diameter of 34 meters and a height of 128 meters, constructed by an engineer V.G. Shukhov. The survivability property of the mesh hyperboloid tower was accepted as a subject of research. The aim of the work is to perform a numerical calculation of the mesh hyperboloid tower for survivability in a static setting, under conditions of failure of individual load-bearing elements of the system as a result of an accident. This calculation evaluates the survivability of the structure. The research methodology involves consideration of several options for the collapse of the bearing elements: 1. Collapse of the intermediate rings of the 1st and 2nd tiers and 16 racks of the mesh tower, excluding power transmission cables; 2. Collapse of the intermediate rings of the 1st and 2nd tiers and 16 racks of the mesh tower, taking into account the influence of the load from the power transmission cables during operation. As a result, the most dangerous destruction zones are identified, from the point of view of the survivability of the structure, the survivability coefficient of the mesh tower, as a whole is determined. As a result of the calculations, it was revealed that when the intermediate rings and 16 racks in the tower elements are removed, the efforts in the elements adjacent to the collapse zone increase by 2.6 times. The asymmetry of the load on the removed elements plays a significant role in changing the efforts. With the removal of the intermediate rings of the 1st and 2nd tiers and 16 racks, the zone of the 1st lower tier becomes the most loaded. Compression efforts in the remaining racks of this tier increase by 150%. In addition, the number of compressed-bendable elements of the tower shell increase. The results of this work can be used by designers to calculate structures’ survivability.
Thermal protective qualities of the combined material with reflective thermal insulation from aluminium foil
Authors: Umnyakova Nina
Published: August 2020

The article presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the thermal insulation qualities of foamed polyethylene with layers of reflective thermal insulation located in its thickness. Currently, the determination of the heat-protection properties of multilayer materials with reflective thermal insulation is carried out experimentally in laboratory conditions. Theoretical studies of the processes of heat transfer in the bulk of such multilayer materials and developed thermophysical model of the heat transfer process through this combined multilayer thermal insulation allowed to develop an engineering calculation method for determining the thermal resistance of multilayer polyethylene foam with reflective thermal insulation from aluminium foil, taking into account thermal conductivity and radiation. The obtained values of the thermal resistance of multilayer polyethylene of various thicknesses by calculation showed the convergence with experimental values. This indicates that reflective thermal insulation with a low emissivity of the surface, located in the thickness of the foamed polyethylene, increases its thermal performance qualities.