bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing the linguacultural underpinnings oftolerance: Anglo-Slavonic perspectives
Authors: Larina Tatiana , Ozyumenko Vladimir , Kurteš Svetlana
Published: February 2021

The cross-cultural study of the words defining social values are of particular importance in interdisciplinary contexts, as the knowledge of their culture-specific semantic as well as discursive characteristics contributes to a better understanding of how people think and act in a society. The paper focuses on the English lexemetoleranceand its translation equivalents in Russian and Serbian. It aims to specify linguacultural characterizations of the notion of tolerance in British, Russian and Serbian cultures. The data were taken from dictionaries, British National Corpus (BNC), Russian National Corpus (RNC), Corpus of Contemporary Serbian (SrpKor), as well as media and Internet resources. The combined methodology (pragma-semantic, discourse and lingua-cultural analysis) enabled us to reveal that the dictionary equivalents of the English lexemetoleranceare not complete, but partial. The findings show that in Russian and Serbian the words of Latin etymologytolerantnost’andtolerancijaseem to invoke both positive and negative attitudes, reflecting cultural norms and values. The paper contributes to the understanding of tolerance in the observed linguacultures and confirms that it is important to consider interdisciplinary approaches to language studies.
Efficient wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells enabled by doping a bromine-rich molecule
Authors: He Rui , Chen Tingting , Xuan Zhipeng , Guo Tianzhen , Luo Jincheng , Jiang Yiting , Wang Wenwu , Zhang Jingquan , Hao Xia , Wu Lili , Wang Ye , Constantinou Iordania , Ren Shengqiang , Zhao Dewei
Published: February 2021

Wide-bandgap (wide-E

g
, ∼1.7 eV or higher) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention due to the great potential of fabricating high-performance perovskite-based tandem solar cells via combining with low-bandgap absorbers, which is considered promising to exceed the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit. However, inverted wide-E

g
PSCs with a minimized open-circuit voltage (V
oc) loss, which are more suitable to prepare all-perovskite tandem devices, are still lacking study. Here, we report a strategy of adding 1,3,5-tris (bromomethyl) benzene (TBB) into wide-E

g
perovskite absorber to passivate the perovskite film, leading to an enhanced average V
oc. Incorporation of TBB prolongs carrier lifetimes in wide-E

g
perovskite due to reduction of defects in perovskites and makes a better energy level matching between perovskite absorber and electron transport layer. As a result, we achieve the power conversion efficiency of 17.12% for our inverted TBB-doped PSC with an enhanced V
oc of 1.19 V, compared with that (16.14%) for the control one (1.14 V).
Substrate-mediated hyperbolic phonon polaritons in MoO3
Authors: Schwartz Jeffrey J. , Le Son T. , Krylyuk Sergiy , Richter Curt A. , Davydov Albert V. , Centrone Andrea
Published: February 2021

Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) are hybrid excitations of light and coherent lattice vibrations that exist in strongly optically anisotropic media, including two-dimensional materials (e.g., MoO3). These polaritons propagate through the material’s volume with long lifetimes, enabling novel mid-infrared nanophotonic applications by compressing light to sub-diffractional dimensions. Here, the dispersion relations and HPhP lifetimes (up to ≈12 ps) in single-crystalline α-MoO3 are determined by Fourier analysis of real-space, nanoscale-resolution polariton images obtained with the photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique. Measurements of MoO3 crystals deposited on periodic gratings show longer HPhPs propagation lengths and lifetimes (≈2×), and lower optical compressions, in suspended regions compared with regions in direct contact with the substrate. Additionally, PTIR data reveal MoO3 subsurface defects, which have a negligible effect on HPhP propagation, as well as polymeric contaminants localized under parts of the MoO3 crystals, which are derived from sample preparation. This work highlights the ability to engineer substrate-defined nanophotonic structures from layered anisotropic materials.
The effect of DNA bases permutation on surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectrum
Authors: Rubin Shimon , Nguyen Phuong H. L. , Fainman Yeshaiahu
Published: February 2021

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) process results in a tremendous increase of Raman scattering cross section of molecules adsorbed to plasmonic metals and influenced by numerous physico-chemical factors such as geometry and optical properties of the metal surface, orientation of chemisorbed molecules and chemical environment. While SERS holds promise for single molecule sensitivity and optical sensing of DNA sequences, more detailed understanding of the rich physico-chemical interplay between various factors is needed to enhance predictive power of existing and future SERS-based DNA sensing platforms. In this work, we report on experimental results indicating that SERS spectra of adsorbed single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) isomers depend on the order on which individual bases appear in the 3-base long ssDNA due to intramolecular interaction between DNA bases. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that the effect holds under more general conditions when the molecules do not experience chemical enhancement due to resonant charge transfer effect and also under standard Raman scattering without electromagnetic or chemical enhancements. Our numerical simulations qualitatively support the experimental findings and indicate that base permutation results in modification of both Raman and chemically enhanced Raman spectra.
Crystal structure of 4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione, C12H13ClN4OS
Authors: Niu Mengyuan , Yuan Caixia
Published: February 2021

C12H13ClN4OS, triclinic, P

1
‾

$‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.875(4) Å, b = 13.165(6) Å, c = 13.295(6) Å, α = 97.199(8)°, β = 93.065(9)°, γ = 95.187(8)°, V = 1359.0(11) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0638, ωR

ref
(F
2) = 0.2097, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 7-chloro-N-(4-iodobenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-amine, C20H18ClIN2
Authors: Juan Luo , Jia Gu , Jie Wang , Li-Hui Liu , Da-Yong Peng
Published: February 2021

C20H18ClIN2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.5271(19) Å, b = 16.936(3) Å, c = 12.012(2) Å, β = 105.06(3)°, V = 1871.5(7) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0436, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1396, T = 296(2) K.

CCDC no.: 2059378
Crystal structure of 3-chloro-4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline monohydrate, C12H20ClN3O
Authors: Gu Jia , Chen Jin-Zhu , Nie Xu-Liang , Huang Guo-Ping , Huang Jian-Ping
Published: February 2021

C12H20ClN3O, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 27.228(5) Å, b = 11.380(2) Å, c = 9.3775(16) Å, β = 95.733(2)°, V = 2891.1(9) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0372, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1058, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of [di(µ2-cyanido)-dicyanido-bis(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)- bis(2,2′-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidenemethanylylidene))diphenolato-κ4,N,N′,O,O′)- dimanganese(III)-platinum(II)], C40H40Mn2N8O6PtS2
Authors: Ha Kwang
Published: February 2021

C40H40Mn2N8O6PtS2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.5707(3) Å, b = 18.5331(5) Å, c = 12.0293(3) Å, β = 114.6276(10)°, V = 2142.26(10) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0148, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0380, T = 223 K.
Nonlinear absolute sea-level patterns in the long-term-trend tide gauges of the East Coast of North America
Authors: Boretti Alberto
Published: February 2021

The paper provides an estimate of the latest relative and absolute rates of rise and accelerations of the sea levels for the East Coast of North America. The computation is based on the long-term trend (LTT) tide gauge records of the relative sea levels and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time series of the absolute position of fixed dome nearby the tide gauges. The GNSS result is used to infer the subsidence or uplift of the tide gauge instrument. The data of 33 LTT tide stations with more than 80 years of data are shown. The average relative sea-level rise is +2.22 mm/yr. subjected to a small, positive average acceleration of +0.0027 mm/yr2. The average absolute velocity of the tide gauge instruments is −0.52 mm/yr. translating in an average absolute sea-level rise of +1.70 mm/yr. This is the first paper publishing a comprehensive survey of the absolute sea-level rates of rise along the East Coast of North America using the reliable information of relative sea-level rates of rise from LTT tide gauges, plus the absolute subsidence rates from GNSS antennas that are close to the tide gauges installations.
The Quiet Project – UK Acoustic Community’s response to COVID19 during the easing of lockdown
Authors: Dance Stephen , McIntyre Lindsay
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 lockdown created a new kind of environment both in the UK and globally, never experienced before or likely to occur again. A vital and time-critical working group was formed with the aim of gathering crowd-source high quality baseline noise levels and other supporting information across the UK during the lock-down and subsequent periods. The acoustic community were mobilised through existing networks engaging private companies, public organisations and academics to gather data in accessible places. In addition, pre-existing on-going measurements from major infrastructure projects, airport, and planning applications were gathered to create the largest possible databank. A website was designed and developed to advertise the project, provide instructions and to formalise the uploading of noise data, observations and soundscape feedback. Two case studies gathered in the latter stage of full lockdown are presented in the paper to illustrate the changes in the environmental noise conditions relative to transport activity. Ultimately the databank will be used to establish the relation to other impacts such as air quality, air traffic, economic, and health and wellbeing. As publicly funded research the databank will be made publicly available to assist future research.
Hollywood and Wicked Other: The Identity Formation of “Western Us” Versus “Muslim Others”
Authors: Senanayake Harsha
Published: February 2021

An image on a screen can produce a greater effect than thousands of words in conveying a message and in popular culture, movies with images as a representation, create a discourse. Out of many, Hollywood which has become a flagbearer of western cinema, plays an important role in constructing identity and images including the stereotyping of Muslims. This paper attempts to identify the discourse of ‘US’ verses ‘THEM’ through Hollywood and in which ways Hollywood has constructed the stereotypical identity of Muslims. The main research question is whether the stereotyping of Muslims in Hollywood is a result of 9/11 global terrorism or has it been shaped by the historical discourse of western orientalism. The case study method has been employed to derive the insights of the discourse with the theoretical lights of Orientalism. A number of Hollywood movies have been cited to validate the identity formation process led by Hollywood in pre and post 9/11 American society and illustrate how the image has been used by Hollywood to construct ‘US’ verses ‘THEM’ in popular culture. This paper argues that Hollywood has depicted Muslims as barbaric, wicked others as a result of the civilizational mission of the West, orientalism and post 9/11 Hollywood cinema advocate these roots, yet with 9/11 Hollywood cinema plays a pivotal role in the securitization of ‘Muslim others’ and politicize Muslims as a threat to western society by stereotyping Muslim society in a post 9/11 epoch.
Factors That Militate Against Women Participation in Politics in Enugu State
Authors: Joy Oguadimma Ijeoma , Nwakalor Ebelechukwu O. , Ejinkeonye Jennifer B. A.
Published: February 2021

This research studied factors militating against women’s participation in politics in Enugu state using four communities (Amokwe, Ikpamodo, Ndeaboh and Eha-Amufu) drawn from three senatorial zones as case study sites. The research approach employed was Community Familiarization Visits, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and In-Depth Interview (IDI). The FGD comprised of women and men leaders in the selected communities who served as the respondents while in the case of IDI the selected women community leaders served as the respondents. The study revealed among other things that women from the study areas have not been actively involved in politics since the return of Democracy in 1999 mainly due to poor finance, lack of education, lack of support from fellow women and an unfavorable political environment. The study thereby recommends different measures to end women’s discrimination and intimidation, and the creation of a favorable environment for the improvement of women’s political participation in Enugu state.
Democracy and Political Violence in Nigeria Since Multi -Party Politics in 1999: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Igwe Prince Ikechukwu , Amadi Luke
Published: February 2021

The return to democracy in Nigeria in 1999 ushered in some form of political reforms, particularly in the conduct of multi- party elections however political violence appears perverse. The objective of this study is to explore how the prevalence of political violence has undermined Nigeria’s democracy. The analysis follows survey data to address the questions regarding democracy and political violence. The study draws from the frustration-aggression and group violence theories and provides a deepened analytic exploration. Based on some of the assumptions of democracy understood as freedom, equality, accountability, rule of law etc, the study argues that these assumptions obviously constitute a ‘universal pattern’ in democratic practice, which makes a critical evaluation of the Nigerian experience important. Consequently, our findings suggest that the prevalence of political violence is fundamentally an attribute of vested interests of the political elite. Some policy recommendations follow.
Das Fluchttier, das den Körper ausschaltet und als Mängelwesen in der Matrix existiert
Authors: Napoles Juliane Noack
Published: February 2021

Der Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrags ist die Entwicklungstheorie von Paul Alsberg (1883-1965) und deren Prinzip der Körperausschaltung. Erkenntnisleitend ist die Frage, wohin diese Ausschaltung führt, wenn sie realisiert wird. Ein Szenario, das – so die hier vertretene These – das vollzogene Prinzip der Körperausschaltung mit den Mitteln des ästhetischen Ausdrucks thematisiert, ist der Film Matrix (1999). In diesem Sinne wird zuerst Alsberg und dessen Werk vorgestellt. Anschließend folgt eine kurze Einführung in seine Theorie der menschlichen Entwicklung durch Körperausschaltung in ihren wesentlichen Gesichtspunkten. Darauf basierend werden durch die Brille dieser anthropologischen Theorie des Menschen als Mängelwesen einzelne, die Thematik des Films Matrix konstituierende Aspekte beleuchtet.
Von Mangel, Zucht und Führung
Authors: Burghardt Daniel
Published: February 2021

Der Beitrag diskutiert Arnold Gehlens Figur des Mängelwesens und vollzieht dessen anthropologische Annahmen anhand zentraler Rezeptionslinien nach: An Gehlens Modell entzünden sich zahlreiche Debatten, die von einer Replik des nationalsozialistischen Pädagogen Ernst Krieck über verhaltens- und evolutionsbiologische Korrekturen bis hin zur Kritik und entschiedenen Ablehnung des Werkes reichen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt wird dabei auf die Rezeption durch Theodor W. Adorno und Jürgen Habermas als zentrale Protagonisten der Kritischen Theorie gelegt. Schließlich soll vor diesem Hintergrund Gehlens Werk in den Kanon der Neuen Rechten, denen er mittlerweile als Vordenker gilt, eingeordnet werden.
Morphology optimization of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polyamide blends compatibilized via extension-dominated twin-screw extrusion
Authors: Chen Hao , Guo Molin , Schiraldi David , Maia João M.
Published: February 2021

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyamide (PA) are immiscible polymers, which requires the use of compatibilizers to stabilize the morphology and achieve acceptable property levels. Therefore, controlling the degree of dispersion, especially the size of the disperse PA droplets in the PET matrix is of paramount importance. This study aims to improve the mixing, i.e., minimize PA droplet size, in immiscible and compatibilized PET/PA and PET/Nylon-MXD6 (MXD6) blends by resorting to extension-dominated mixing in twin-screw extrusion (TSE). MXD6 is an aromatic polyamide similar in polarity to PET, so it is expected that it will blend more effectively than is the case with aliphatic nylon-6 and PET. Two screw configurations are used, a benchmark shear-dominated screw with kneading blocks (KBs) in an aggressive configuration, and an extension-dominated screw configuration with static mixers with hyperbolic C–D channels, recently developed by our group, in place of the KBs. The results show that the use of extensional mixing elements (EMEs) in place of KBs results in a significant decrease of both average and maximum droplet size for all blends, and up to more than one order of magnitude between the most extreme cases of the KB-processed immiscible blend and EME-processed compatibilized blends.
Cadmium sulfide / selenide pigments
Authors: Pfaff Gerhard
Published: February 2021

Cadmium sulfide and selenide pigments (cadmium pigments) belong to the inorganic yellow, orange and red pigments. Cadmium sulfide pigments are based on the wurtzite lattice, where cadmium can be partially substituted by zinc or mercury and sulfide by selenide. Cadmium pigments are characterized by excellent optical and application characteristics in particular regarding brightness of shade, hiding power, tinting strength, and weather fastness. The declining use of cadmium-containing materials in the last decades is a result of the environmental discussion and the development of less problematic substitute products, especially of bismuth vanadate and high-value organic, temperature-stable yellow and red pigments.
The influence of gamma radiation on organic compounds having carbon ring and its application in dosimetry
Authors: Tokhy Hatem Hussny , Elmaghraby Elsayed K. , Abdelhady AbdelWahab M. , Eid Ahmed M. , Rammah Yasser S. , Awad El-Sayed M. , Abdelaal Saad
Published: February 2021

The formation of highly oxidizing radicals in multifunctional-solid compounds upon irradiation with gamma-ray had been investigated. Five organic compounds having a single carbon ring had been used in the present investigation; these materials are 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene, 4′-aminoacetophenone, 3′-hydroxyacetophenone, n-anthranilic acid, and triphenylmethane. These material were irradiated using 60Co radiation with different doses between 20 and 100 kGy. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy spotted increases of the resonance absorption having landé factor around 2.0113 ± 0.003 upon irradiation with the increasing of dose. This resonance absorption was related to the formation of long-lived oxygen radicals that were attached to one of the radiation synthesized compounds. The method of infrared absorption spectroscopy emphasized the formation of cyclic and aliphatic hexane in addition to the active oxygen radicals. n-Anthranilic acid was found to be suitable for radiation the dosimetry with long-lasting radiation signature as electron spin and also to determine the exposure dose. The time-lapse infrared and electron spin resonance measurements had been used to tracked the formation of active species within the time-lapsed after the end of exposure; results showed that the dosimetric signature may be used as a tracker for the time when the exposure happens.
Physical exercise promotes brain remodeling by regulating epigenetics, neuroplasticity and neurotrophins
Authors: Liang Juan , Wang Huiqing , Zeng Yan , Qu Yi , Liu Qian , Zhao Fengyan , Duan Jianan , Jiang Yin , Li Shiping , Ying Junjie , Li Jinhui , Mu Dezhi
Published: February 2021

Exercise has been shown to have beneficial effects on brain functions in humans and animals. Exercise can improve memory and learning in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In animal models, physical exercise regulates epigenetics, promotes synaptic plasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis, regulates the expression levels of neurotrophic factors, and improves cognitive function. Therefore, exercise is very important for brain rehabilitation and remodeling. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms by which exercise exerts positive effects on brain function. This knowledge implies that physical exercise can be used as a non-drug therapy for neurological diseases.
COVID-19 and stroke: from the cases to the causes
Authors: Frisullo Giovanni , Scala Irene , Bellavia Simone , Broccolini Aldobrando , Brunetti Valerio , Morosetti Roberta , Della Marca Giacomo , Calabresi Paolo
Published: February 2021

During COVID-19 pandemic, a wide variety of stroke typologies have been described in patients affected by SARS-CoV-2. Investigating the case reports of acute stroke in COVID-19 patients, published since the beginning of the pandemic, we tried to trace the pathogenic mechanisms of stroke during SARS-CoV-2 infection. We conducted a systematic review analyzing demographic data, cerebrovascular risk factors, NIHSS score, vascular territory involvement and laboratory findings of 168 patients described in 89 studies, from a pool of 1243 records. Based on our results, we have identified different stroke profiles: (1) cerebral large vessel disease (CLVD) profile with a low disability, simultaneous onset of COVID-19 and stroke symptoms, good outcome and low serum levels of D-dimer and CRP; (2) intracranial bleeding (IB) profile with high disability, poor outcome and low levels of serum markers of inflammation and coagulopathy; (3) CLVD profile with a short time-lapse between COVID-19 symptoms and stroke onset, high neurological disability and very high systemic inflammatory markers; (4) multiple thrombo-embolic disease (MTED) profile with older patients, many comorbidities, disabling stroke, poor outcome, evident alteration of coagulation tests and high serum levels of both D-dimer and CRP. We therefore summarized these different profiles in a spectrum similar to that of visible light, where the violet–blue band included IB and CSVD with low inflammation and prothrombotic activity, the green–yellow band included CLVD with high inflammation and moderate prothrombotic activity and the orange–red band for MTED with moderate-high levels of inflammation and very high prothrombotic activity.
Permutative universal realizability
Authors: Soto Ricardo L. , Julio Ana I. , Alfaro Jaime H.
Published: February 2021

A list of complex numbers Λ is said to be realizable, if it is the spectrum of a nonnegative matrix. In this paper we provide a new sufficient condition for a given list Λ to be universally realizable (UR), that is, realizable for each possible Jordan canonical form allowed by Λ. Furthermore, the resulting matrix (that is explicity provided) is permutative, meaning that each of its rows is a permutation of the first row. In particular, we show that a real Suleĭmanova spectrum, that is, a list of real numbers having exactly one positive element, is UR by a permutative matrix.
Digitales Plattformgeschäft bei Kreditgenossenschaften – Erfahrungen und Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Baufinanzierungsgeschäft am Beispiel der VR-Bank Mittelfranken West eG
Authors: Walther Gerhard , Arnold Martin
Published: February 2021

Das digitale Plattformgeschäft erlangt derzeit in der Finanzdienstleistungsbranche einen deutlichen Bedeutungszuwachs. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass in wenigen Jahren mehr als 50 % der Baufinanzierungen nicht mehr über den klassischen Weg der Bankberatung bei der Hausbank abgeschlossen werden, sondern über digitale Plattformen und Vermittler. Das stellt Regionalbanken vor die Herausforderung, sich entweder dieser Realität zu stellen und sich dem Plattformgeschäft zu öffnen oder bedeutende Marktpotenziale aufzugeben. Die VR-Bank Mittelfranken West eG hat 2017 das digitale Plattformgeschäft als neue Vertriebszeit implementiert und dabei die Erfahrung gemacht, dass die Chancen für Genossenschaftsbanken sehr hoch zu bewerten sind, an diesem Marktsegment auch zukünftig zu partizipieren. Dabei kommt es auf eine eindeutige Strategie sowie auf eine detaillierte Umsetzungsplanung an. Der nachfolgende Erfahrungsbericht zeigt, welche konkreten Schritte die VR-Bank Mittelfranken West eG bei der Strategieentwicklung und Projektumsetzung im Zusammenhang mit der Einführung des digitalen Plattformgeschäftes für Baufinanzierungen gegangen ist und welche Erfolge erzielt werden konnten.
HUNGARY AND POLAND: CONFRONTATION WITH BRUSSELS
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shishelina Lyubov
Published: February 2021

The article examines the anatomy of the current conflict between Hungary and Poland with the European Commission over the mechanism of budget allocation, which created another big "headache" for Brussels against the background of other problems as Brexit and Covid. The relations between the objects of our study had been developing in different ways at certain stages of integration and convergence. In practice, they turned out to be more complicated than the parties initially imagined when deciding on the accession of the Central European countries to the European Union. On the one hand, as the CE countries "get used" to the European system, they feel more confident and, seeing its imperfections, more and more often either deviate from the norms previously adopted in the EU, or offer their own vision. On the other hand, the European Union still refuses to perceive these countries as absolutely equal members, does not see their regional and historical specifics, and tries to adapt them to itself. This increases the latent conflict within the European Union and forms within it a coalition of States that support freer political integration.
EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET IN PANDEMIC REALITY
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Govorova Natalia
Published: February 2021

The beginning of 2020 was marked by an outbreak of the global pandemic COVID-19, which forced almost all governments to adopt restrictive measures in which social distance played a key role. In order to stop the spread of the virus and ensure the safety of people, many businesses were temporarily shut down and millions of workers were absent from their workplaces for long periods. So far, it is difficult to predict how much time, financial resources and effort it will take various actors to recover the world, European and domestic economies. Individual sectors and enterprises will continue to be adversely affected by the effects of the pandemic for a long time to come and will have to increase costs to ensure safety for operational process and labour force. The global impact of the coronavirus pandemic in social, economic, demographic, financial, political and other areas has yet to be comprehensively assessed and analyzed by experts. The article provides insight into analysis of the European labour market and measures adopted by the EU on smoothing the consequences of the coronavirus crisis in the social and labour spheres.
The UK on the Verge of Future Relations with the EU
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ananieva Elena
Published: February 2021

At the end of November the UK-EU talks were still in progress and in the absence of a deal the perspectives of short-term relations were labelled “provisional application” of interim agreements. The analysis of public opinion in times of COVID-19 pandemic reveals less attention to Brexit and a leaning to its soft alternative while believing exiting the EU to be wrong. The Johnson Cabinet was ready for no deal, having introduced the Internal Market Bill in breach of the UK-EU Agreement, but did not take measures for border control. This study shows that the reasons of the UK uncompromising attitude were dictated by economic as well as political and psychological factors. As to foreign policy the UK intends to underpin “Global Britain” with an expensive modernization of defence forces at the expense of international aid. The conclusion is that the UK is to remain the US major ally notwithstanding differences with the incoming administration.
Artificial weathering of heat-treated pines from the Iberian peninsula
Authors: Esteves Bruno M. , Herrera René , Santos Jorge , Carvalho Luísa , Nunes Lina , Ferreira José , Domingos Idalina J. , Cruz-Lopes Luísa
Published: February 2021

Samples from the two most common pines grown in Portugal (Pinus pinaster Ait) and Spain (Pinus radiata, D. Don) were heat-treated in industrial facilities in accordance with ThermoWood ® class D. For both species, the variation in surface properties, of untreated and heat-treated wood after artificial weathering from 75 to 750 h, is presented. The analysis included the determination of color, roughness, gloss, and wettability before exposure and after each artificial weathering period. Untreated woods became darker faster, while in heat-treated woods, lightness remained approximately constant until 750 h of artificial weathering. Both untreated and heat-treated wood became more reddish in the beginning of the weathering process, turning greener for longer exposure times. Untreated woods became yellower in the beginning, turning into blueish tones later. Heat-treated wood turned slightly yellower until 750 h of weathering. Gloss decreased for untreated wood with no significant changes in heat-treated wood. Despite the changes, the gloss of both untreated and heat-treated wood converged to similar values. Roughness increased for both untreated and heat-treated woods. Artificial weathering increased the wettability of heat-treated wood.
Education for Students with Special Needs: Child X Case
Authors: Kontautaitė Monika , Norvilienė Aida
Published: February 2021

The article presents the opinion of teachers and parents concerning the educational situation of students with special educational needs at general education schools. The qualitative research, which was carried out by means of a semi-structured interview with teachers and parents, helped to determine that students with special educational needs are included in the general education school on a theoretical rather than practical basis. Despite the fact that the school advocates the inclusion of students with special educational needs and provides various special support services, informants observe a number of weaknesses in the system that do not provide an opportunity for the subject to receive the support one requires. It is alleged that teachers working at general education schools are not trained to work with such students and there is a lack of means and facilities for individual work. There are too many students in classes. Due to the following reasons, education that the subject receives is not always efficient. It was also revealed that specialists working with the subject have difficulties in communicating with each other and working as a team in order to set and achieve a common goal. All interviewees work as they think is best. Poor parent-subject work at home was also emphasized. For the given reasons, there is a lack of continuation in the education of the subject, which is one of the most important factors influencing the educational success of students with special educational needs.
САНІТАРНЕ ЗАХОРОНЕННЯ НА ПІВДЕННОМУ ГОРОДИЩІ ВОЗВЯГЕЛЯ. РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЯ ОБСТАВИН ЗА АНТРОПОЛОГІЧНИМИ ДАНИМИ
Authors: Козак Олександра
Published: February 2021

Моменти смерті та поховання людини є ключовими у танатологічних та  антропологічних дослідженнях. Перимортальні й посмертні процеси змінюють макро- і мікроструктуру кістки й часто призводять до її руйнування. Зазвичай вважають, що кістки поганої збереженості є малоінформативними в антропології. Однак у судовій медицині та археології ступінь та особливості «поганої збереженості» є основним і чи не єдиним джерелом інформації про час, умови, причини загибелі та обставини поховання.

У 1993 р. під час розкопок Південного городища Возвягеля (Новоград-Волинський) було виявлено скупчення людських і тваринних кісток у підкліті будівлі (будинок ювеліра), датованої давньоруським часом. Людські кістки було передано для антропологічного аналізу. Оскільки скупчення являло собою «костище», у дослідженні використовували такі самі методики, що й у антропології полів битв.

Статтю присвячено дослідженню перимортальних і посмертних маркерів на кістках для з’ясування обставин загибелі людей, умов перебування останків після смерті та часу їх захоронення. 

У статті проаналізовано основні тафономічні макроскопічні маркери на людських кістках. Наявність можливих перимортальних травм і статево-віковий профіль групи захоронених людей свідчить про загибель звичайного населення городища внаслідок військового конфлікту. Кістки більшої частини скелетів у скупченні лежать не в анатомічному порядку. Зважаючи на цей факт, а також на стан кісткової тканини та поверхні кісток, наявність слідів зубів тварин та інші ознаки, можна припустити, що скупчення утворилось через 1–9 місяців після загибелі людей. Скупчення є санітарною ямою і належить до навмисних захоронень. Із певною часткою ймовірності його можна пов’язати з каральною експедицією Данила Галицького у Болоховські землі, яка відбулась улітку–восени 1256 р.

У статті також запропоновано класифікацію поховань і захоронень, на основі їх локалізації, морфології, первинності та інших критеріїв
Treatment for gold ores with high content of carbonaceous matter
Authors: Moreno-Chavez Jose , Valdivieso Bermeo Paulo , Peñaloza Isabel
Published: February 2021

Gold ores associated with carbonaceous matter present several difficulties in their extraction due to the ability of this matter to adsorb the aurocyanide complex from gold pregnant solutions, resulting in low extractions by direct cyanidation. This phenomenon is known as preg-robbing. In the present work, a process to effectively recover Au from a highly carbonaceous ore from Colombia is proposed, combining froth flotation using the organic polymer maltodextrin as a depressant of the carbonaceous matter and a pretreatment with a cationic surfactant (benzalkonium chloride) prior cyanidation in conjunction with activated carbon (CIL). The preg-robbing % (PR%) was reduced from the initial 39.5 % to 3.96 % in the flotation concentrates and a maximum of 87.26 % extraction of Au was achieved during cyanidation.
Obtención, funcionalización y aplicaciones biomédicas de las Nanopartículas de Sílice Mesoporosa: una revisión
Authors: Hincapie Daniel Fernando , Rojas Hernández Sandy Paola , Castaño González Felipe , Parra Castaño Kelly Natalia , Giraldo Torres Laura Rocío
Published: February 2021

Recientemente, las nanopartículas inorgánicas han sido ampliamente investigadas como agentes terapéuticos en los campos biomédicos debido a sus propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas excepcionales, su fácil funcionalización superficial, su capacidad de carga y su excelente biocompatibilidad. El creciente aumento en investigaciones centradas en nanopartículas inorgánicas en especial las de sílice ha permitido entender su comportamiento en aplicaciones biomédicas, debido a que es un biomaterial con alta resistencia mecánica, bioactividad y reabsorbilidad mejoradas. En este artículo, se realiza la revisión de estudios recientes basados en Nanopartículas de Sílice Mesoporosa (MSN) cuyo enfoque principal se centra en diferentes métodos de síntesis, funcionalización y recubrimiento de superficie y algunas aplicaciones biomédicas como liberación controlada de fármacos e imágenes diagnósticas. Finalmente, se presentan los impactos de las modificaciones químicas de la superficie de las nanopartículas en cuanto a su biocompatibilidad y las diversas aplicaciones biomédicas debido a sus destacables características.
Effect of grafting and growing media on the chosen fruit quality compounds and sensory parameters of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Birkás Z. , Balázs G. , Kókai Z.
Published: February 2021

Grafting is an effective tool in intensive vegetable growing systems that provides standard quality and yield. In the present study, the effect of two rootstocks (‘Capsifort F1’ and ‘Snooker F1’) on two commercial varieties (‘SV9702 F1’ and ‘Karpex F1’) grown on two media (soil and coconut fibre) was evaluated. During our 2-year study, those instrumental attributes, which have a dominant effect on the chosen chemical components of fruit quality (total soluble solids and titratable acidity) were investigated. Sensory tests were also implemented in order to identify any changes due to the applied technological combinations. Sensory profile analysis was used to identify the descriptive attributes and their perceived intensities. Panellists worked in individual booths with standard lighting, test results were recorded with the Profisens software. In general, it can be concluded that the major instrumental and sensory parameters did not deteriorate as a result of grafting and the application of coconut fibre medium. Some attributes were identified, where the grafted plants on coconut fibre medium showed higher values, namely flesh thickness and shape. Based on our results, grafting and the application of coconut medium is a feasible technological development for growers and agri-business companies.
A new probiotic candidate bacterium from human milk: Limosilactobacillus vaginalis MA-10
Authors: Asan-Ozusaglam M. , Gunyakti A.
Published: February 2021

The probiotic and technological potentials of lactic acid bacteria originating from human milk are becoming a remarkable research area. In the present study, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis MA-10 isolated from human milk was investigated in vitro for its probiotic and technological aspects. According to the results obtained in the study, MA-10 strain exhibited non-haemolytic activity and various degrees of sensitivity to most of the tested antibiotics. The strain showed good resistance to the gastrointestinal system and maintained its viability under these conditions. Its antimicrobial activity against human or clinical bacterial and fungal microorganisms and fish bacteria was determined in the range of 2.38–11.22 mm. The MA-10 strain was able to assimilate cholesterol ranging from 31.42 to 82.30%. The strain showed 9.34% ferrous-ion chelating and 32% DPPH free radical scavenging activities. These initial results from the present study confirm that L. vaginalis MA-10 may be a new source with appropriated probiotic and technological traits for various industries, and further in vivo assays.Due to the limited number of studies on L. vaginalis strains originated from human breast milk in the literature, the data obtained in this study are thought to be important for revealing the basic probiotic properties of the strain.
Multiresidue method for the simultaneous analysis of antibiotics and mycotoxins in feeds by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Konak Ü.İ. , Yatmaz H.A. , Nilüfer Ş. , Erkaymaz T. , Certel M.
Published: February 2021

Residues in animal feeds and foods of animal origin have been important safety issue concerning both human and animal health. A multiresidue method for determination of eight mycotoxins and ten antibiotics was developed and validated in animal feeds by using QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction followed by UHPLC-MS/MS. Optimisation of UHPLC-MS/MS parameters was performed to achieve good separation and resolution. The method was validated according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Matrix matched calibration curves showed good r2 (≥0.995) values, and limit of quantification (LOQ) values varied between 1.2 and 5.2 μg kg−1. Average recoveries ranged from 60 to 102% with relative standard deviations of 2.2 and 15.6% for all type of feed samples except for tetracyclines, lincomycin, tylosin, ochratoxin A, and fumonisin (B1 and B2).
Podejścia teoretyczne do badania demokratyzacji i autokratyzacji na poziomie lokalnym i regionalnym
Authors:   Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska, Szymański Adam
Published: February 2021

In the literature on democratization and autocratization, one of the areas which clearly shows a gap in the theoretical framework is a very important territorial dimension of these processes. This article is aimed at proposing the theoretical approaches based on two main pillars, which can be used in studies on democratization and autocratization at the subnational levels. The first one refers to democracy and changes of political regimes (approaches to democratization /autocratization and more static issues of the quality of democracy and local democracy). The second one refers to the territorial politics, accounting for the multilevel and network governance as well as theories of decentralization. Eventually, the author also presents possible preliminary directions of research, within which the territorial politics can be either an independent, alternatively intervening variable (studies on causes of changes regarding the political regime) or a dependent variable (analysis of effects of these changes).
AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: A RESEARCH ON SME MANAGERS
Authors: AYTAR Oğuzhan , AYDOĞDU SELAMET Ali
Published: February 2021

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the main economic actors in terms of the healthy development of the countries’ economies and the increase of social welfare level. The continuity and success of these enterprises also have some social effects. Socially, effective use of capital, employment creation potential, support for the development and effective meeting of customer demands are among its most important and strategic features. The aim of this study is to determine the level of knowledge of SME managers in Karaman province about strategic management discipline tools and to reveal their views on strategic management. Within the scope of the research, SMEs in the Karaman Organized Industrial Zone were determined according to the complete count method and a questionnaire study was applied. The differences in opinion and knowledge level according to the demographic variables of the participants were analyzed. According to the results of the research, there is a significant positive relationship between education level and strategic management awareness.
JEL codes: M1, M13, L21
Assessment of economic and environmental performance in citrus-based intercropping systems
Authors: Martins Carlos Roberto , Rodrigues Geraldo Stachetti , Barros Inácio de
Published: February 2021

Abstract The economic and environmental performances of agriculture intercropping depend on the complementarities between the crops that make up the system. The objective of this work was to analyze the citrus-based intercropping systems in the Coastal Tablelands region of Northeastern Brazil, aiming to identify the associations of crops with better economic and environmental performances. The study started with the construction of a set of integrated indicators, with which the field information was recorded and the performance indices calculated, based on three principles: Profitability, Productive Efficiency, and Biological Regulation. Citrus orchards in monoculture resulted in lower environmental economic performance indices. The intercropping systems that yielded the best environmental and economic performance indices in the citrus orchards were: cassava; cassava, corn and beans; corn and pumpkin. The indicators associated with these economic-environmental performances were profit, seasonality, productive diversity, profit evenness, plant health control impact level, and efficiency in the use of water, nitrogen, and phosphate.
LICENCIATURAS (INTERDISCIPLINARES) EM EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO: ESTUDO SOBRE SUA EXPANSÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: MEDEIROS EMERSON AUGUSTO DE , DIAS ANA MARIA IÓRIO , THERRIEN JACQUES
Published: February 2021

RESUMO: O trabalho analisa a expansão das Licenciaturas (Interdisciplinares) em Educação do Campo no Brasil, fundamentando-se em um levantamento documental construído com informações disponíveis na Base de Dados do e-MEC, no ano de 2019. Toma como referência quatro dimensões da expansão, a saber: número de cursos por Região, Estado e instituição formativa; período de implantação das graduações; natureza das licenciaturas (se interdisciplinares ou não); e localização dos cursos no interior das instituições ofertantes. Como resultado, salientamos, entre outros aspectos, que o número de 45 licenciaturas regulares nas instituições públicas de educação superior brasileiras atesta o avanço da Educação do Campo no âmbito da Educação Superior no país a partir da criação dessa nova modalidade de graduação. Para a área de formação de professores, também consideramos como uma grande conquista, posto que, na história da formação docente no Brasil, é a primeira licenciatura regular a ser implantada com foco na Educação do Campo.
Ativismo Anticorrupção no Brasil e a Teoria dos Movimentos Sociais
Authors: Montevechi Camila
Published: February 2021

Resumo: O artigo objetiva analisar a natureza do ativismo societal com a bandeira anticorrupção no Brasil fundamentando-se na teoria clássica dos movimentos sociais e em estudos sobre a ascensão de movimentos de direita no contexto nacional e internacional. O estudo compara casos de ativismo consensual, como a Rede Amarribo e o Observatório Social do Brasil, com casos de ativismo conflituoso, como o Movimento Contra Corrupção e o Movimento Brasil Livre, que capitanearam momentos de convulsão social no Brasil em 2013 e 2015. Considerando os repertórios de conflito, o conteúdo da construção identitária e a densidade das interações implementados pelos movimentos de caráter conflituoso, sugere-se que eles podem ser designados como “movimentos sociais de direita”.
Microencapsulation and co-encapsulation of bioactive compounds for application in food: challenges and perspectives
Authors: Raddatz Greice Carine , Menezes Cristiano Ragagnin de
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT: The availability of different food products containing bioactive compounds promotes their inclusion in the daily diet of consumers. However, the effective and safe delivery of such products requires certain precautions to ensure their preservation, stability, and bioavailability when consumed. Microencapsulation is a great alternative, which is a method capable of protecting different bioactive compounds, including probiotic cells, prebiotic compounds, and some antioxidant substances such as phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and vitamins. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a literature review and present different alternatives to make bioactive compounds viable through microencapsulation, increase their stability and viability when applied in different food matrices, and address the existing challenges regarding their effectiveness.
Relação entre casos de hepatite A e áreas de inundação, município de Encantado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Silveira Péterson Oliveira , Guasselli Laurindo Antonio , Oliveira Guilherme Garcia de , Nascimento Victor Fernandez
Published: February 2021

Resumo A relação entre os desastres de origem hidrometeorológicos e a saúde das populações atingidas ainda é pouco abordada no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. A Hepatite A é uma doença que envolve questões sanitárias e do meio urbano, sendo uma doença do tipo evitável. Esse estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre áreas de inundação e a ocorrência de doenças de veiculação hídrica, neste caso, a Hepatite A. Foi estruturado um banco de dados dos casos confirmados de Hepatite A e de eventos de inundações no município de Encantado-RS entre os anos de 2012 e 2014. Esses dados foram analisados espacialmente a partir do estimador Kernel dos pontos de ocorrência de casos de Hepatite A e correlacionados para o perímetro urbano. Verificou-se que nos três meses posteriores à ocorrência de inundação, foram registrados 44 casos, um aumento de quase 300%, no registro de casos de Hepatite A. Os resultados identificaram que todos os casos confirmados estão na área urbana localizada na planície de inundação. O que reafirma a importância de incentivo a formulação e implementação de políticas de prevenção a surtos de doenças pós-desastres hidrometeorológicos.