bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pemberian Pelatihan Menulis Kreatif Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Dongeng Anak
Authors: Khan Rosa Imani , Wulansari Widi
Published: January 2022

Menulis kreatif menekankan pada sikap aktif untuk menulis lalu menemukan proses kreatifnya agar tulisan jadi baik dan menarik. Menulis kreatif adalah menulis untuk sastra termasuk dongeng. Dongeng ialah bentuk sastra lama yang menceritakan kejadian yang penuh khayalan. Cerita dari dongeng dapat dipetik banyak manfaatnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh pemberian pelatihan menulis kreatif terhadap keterampilan menulis dongeng anak. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 50 orang sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan 50 orang lagi sebagai kelompok kontrol. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik convenience sampling. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif tipe quasi experimental yang menggunakan desain non-randomized pretest-postest control group. Pengumpulan datanya menggunakan kuesioner berbentuk skala likert. Analisis datanya dilakukan dengan teknik uji t-dua sampel. Nilai sig yang telah diperoleh sebesar 0,0001, kurang dari nilai alpha yang ditetapkan yaitu 0,05. Ini berarti pelatihan menulis kreatif telah terbukti secara empiris memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keterampilan menulis dongeng anak.
Pengembangan LKA dengan Latar Cerita Bergambar untuk Memfasilitasi Keterampilan Saintifik AUD
Authors: Haerunisa Iis , Hendri Mulyana Edi , Sumardi  , Nurzaman Istikhoroh
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini didasari pada penggunaan LKA yang selalu mengandalkan dari penerbit, dengan konten yang didominasi pada evaluasi kognitif dan kegiatan seni seperti mewarnai. Studi lapangan membuktikan jarang sekali terdapat konten pembelajaran sains pada LKA yang dijual oleh penerbit. Dasar selanjutnya karena cerita bergambar dapat dijadikan bentuk penyampaian materi pembelajaran kepada anak, apalagi dalam pembelajaran sains. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk LKA dengan latar cerita bergambar untuk memfasilitasi keterampilan saintifik AUD. Metode yang digunakan adalah EDR model McKenney& Reeves. Dengan 3 tahap, yaitu melakukan identifikasi dan analisis kebutuhan, rancangan produk, dan kelayakan produk. Berdasarkan hasil uji validitas produk diperoleh rata-rata 90,2% dengan kategori sangat layak. Hasil uji kepraktisan guru 84% sangat praktis, kepraktisan anak 96% sangat praktis. Dan uji efektifitas 96% sangat efektif untuk memfasilitasi keterampilan saintifik AUD. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan LKA dengan latar Cerita Bergambar sangat layak, praktis dan efektif untuk memfasilitasi keterampilan saintifik AUD.
Analisis Kegiatan Outbond TK dan SD di Kuningan
Authors: Pramudika Sari Agatha Kristi , Mayasarokh Mira
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kegiatan outbond TK dan SD yang sering dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Kuningan. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi yang merupakan bagian dari metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, wawancara, dan observasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa, guru, dan kepala TK dan SD di Kabupaten Kuningan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan outbond yang dilaksanakan beberapa TK dan SD di Kabupaten Kuningan dirasa belum bisa mengembangkan potensi anak. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena beberapa faktor diantaranya: 1) Terbatasnya fasilitas outbond di area Kuningan dan sekitarnya yang children friendly, 2) Tingginya biaya yang dikeluarkan sekolah apabila ingin melakukan kegiatan outbond yang representatif. Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian, munculnya harapan dari sekolah-sekolah agar pengembangan fasilitas outbond yang children friendly dengan biaya terjangkau menjadi prioritas yang harus segera direalisasikan agar kegiatan dapat berjalan sesuai tujuan dari kegiatan outbond tersebut.
Tingkat Keterampilan Komunikasi Guru PAUD
Authors: Nurkharisma Alma , Indra Zultiar  , Alfian Ashshidiqi Poppyariyana
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran umum tingkat keterampilan komunikassi guru PAUD dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian survey serta teknik pengumpulan data berupa pengisian angket melalui google form menggunakan skala likert dengan 4 alternatif jawaban yang terdiri dari 17 pertanyaan berkaitan dengan indikator komunikasi guru selama pembelajaran. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 80 orang guru Taman Kanak-kanak (TK) di Kabupaten Sukabumi, pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa guru TK di kabupaten Sukabumi memiliki tingkat keterampilan komunikasi tergolong kategori baik berdasarkan tiga indikator yang dinilai yaitu indikator efektif, empatik, dan santun karena menunjukkan hasil persentase sebesar 67% berdasarkan rata-rata persentase komunikasi efektif (60%), empatik (59%), dan santun (53%).
Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru PAUD Non Formal dalam Merencanakan dan Melaksanakan Pembelajaran
Authors: Nuraeni Marwa Dini , Sumardi
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui atau melihat kompetensi pedagogik guru PAUD dalam merencakana atau merancang pembelajaran dan melaksanakan pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu survey dengan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan instrumen pengumpulan data melalui angket (kuesioner). Penelitian ini dilaksankan di PAUD non formal se-Kecamatan Cidolog Kabupaten Ciamis. Subjek penelitian ini ialah guru-guru PAUD se-Kecamatan dengan jumlah 60 orang dan diambil sampel sebagai responden sebanayak 42 orang guru dari hasil purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah melalui penyebaran angket dengan skala likert kemudian dianalisis melalui statistika deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa kategori kemampuan atau kompetensi pedagogik guru PAUD dalam merencanakan dan melaksanakan pembelajaran berada pada kategori tinggi.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun Melalui Permainan Ular Tangga
Authors: Ellinawati Ellinawati , Sari Fitria , Mustika Sari Ayu
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk upaya meningkatkan kemampuan motorik kasar anak usia 4 – 5 tahun di PAUD Al izza Plus Sungai rumbai Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan dalam II siklus, subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelompok mandiri PAUD Al Izza Plus Sungai Rumbai Kabupaten Dharmasraya Tahun ajaran 2020/2021  yang berjumlah 9 anak yang terdiri atas 2 laki-laki dan 7 perempuan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui Observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis di lakukan dengan menggunakan data kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menujukan bahwa keterampilan motorik kasar anak usia dini dapat ditingkatkan melalui permainan ular tangga raksasa. Peningkatan kemampuan motorik kasar anak secara keseluruhan sebelum adanya tindakan meningkat dari 35% dengan kategori MB(Mulai berkembang), menjadi 55% dengan kategori BSH dan BSB  pada siklus I, menjadi 80% dengan kategori BSH dan BSB pada siklus II.
Motivasi Anak Belajar dari Rumah Melalui Kegiatan Puncak Tema
Authors: Nursamsi  , Nirmala Ine , Eka Putri Feronica
Published: January 2022

Salah satu tantangan yang dihadari pada saat belajar dari rumah yaitu tidak adanya interaksi secara langsung antara guru dan anak sehingga motivasi anak menjadi rendah dan kurang maksimal.  Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mengamati motivasi belajar anak pada saat BDR melalui kegiatan puncak tema “tanaman”. Kegiatan ini dirancang untuk menambah pengalaman yang beragam serta mengurangi pembelajaran dengan menggunakan lembar kerja siswa pada saat kegiatan belajar dari rumah. Metode dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif deskriptif, data yang diperoleh melalui dokumentasi dilakukan selama kegiatan BDR yang dikirim oleh orangtua kepada guru melalui aplikasi whattsap, wawancara dilakukan kepada orangtua dan guru kelas B TKQ An Namlu dan observasi kepada 20 anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan puncak tema “tanaman” dapat menambah motivasi anak dalam pembelajaran sehingga hasil belajar anak mengalami perubahan yang maksimal.
Optimalisasi Kemampuan Berbicara dengan Metode Berbicara pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Hazwani Mega , Adityawarman  , Pahrul Yolanda , Fauziddin Moh.
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berbicara anak. Kegiatan berbicara menggunakan media gambar yang bervariasi sehingga mampu memotivasi minat anak. Jenis penelitian dilakukan secara kolaboratif dengan model Kemmis & Mc Taggart. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Objek penelitian adalah kemampuan berbicara melalui media gambar. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam observasi berupa lembar penilaian, untuk dokumentasi menggunakan kamera, dan wawancara menggunakan pedoman wawancara dengan guru. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan berbicara anak melalui media gambar di TK Plamboyan Mekar. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan rata-rata kemampuan berbicara anak pada Pratindakan sebesar 38,18%, meningkat menjadi 54% pada tindakan Siklus I, dan mencapai 84,18% pada tindakan Siklus II. Kemampuan berbicara anak mengalami peningkatan setelah peneliti memberikan tindakan yang dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan dan proses.
Kajian Literatur Pengembangan Koordinasi Mata dan Tangan Anak Usia Taman Kanak-Kanak
Authors: Vanny Mutia May Andry  , Yaswinda
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk bagaimana melihat konsep, kegiatan/ permainan, serta  manfaat pengembangan dalam koordinasi mata dan tangan terhadap pembelajaran anak usia Taman Kanak-Kanak. Penelitian ini berawal pada bagaimana koordinasi mata dan tangan pada pembelajaran anak. pengembangan koordinasi mata dan tangan anak belum berkembang secara optimal. dalam proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan pengembangan koordinasi mata dan tangan anak sangat penting untuk dikemabngkan, karena dengan mengembangkan koordinasi mata dan tangan pada anak dengan baik maka anak akan melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari dengan lancar dan tanpa kendala apapu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan kajian literatur. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dengan menelaah sumber-sumber yang relevan berupa artikel, jurnal dan lainnya menggunakan teknik analisis isi. Hasil dari penelitian adalah dari beberapa pengembangan dengan menggunakan berbagai macam kegiatan guru dapat mengembangkan koordinasi mata dan tangan anak dengan baik dan benar.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Aplikasi Youtube Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun
Authors: Maivy Hastuty  , Fahmi  , Laily Rosidah
Published: January 2022

Penggunaan aplikasi Youtube yang disajikan oleh kemajuan teknologi di era ini semakin berkembang, bukan hanya orang dewasa, namun anak usia dini sudah mampu untuk menggunakannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan aplikasi Youtube terhadap perkembangan sosial anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis survei terhadap 100 orang pengasuh atau orang tua anak usia 4-5 tahun di Kecamatan Rajeg, Kabupaten Tangerang-Banten. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0, 373 yang berada pada interval 0,20 s/d 3,99 sehingga memiliki tingkat pengaruh yang rendah. Dihasilkan juga persamaan linear Y=31.746 + 0,495 yang berarti bahwa setiap 1% penambahan nilai penggunaan aplikasi Youtube, maka akan bertambah nilai perkembangan sosial anak usia 4-5 tahun sebesar 0,495. Dengan angka probabilitas 0,000 < 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan atau searah antara penggunaan aplikasi Youtube terhadap perkembangan sosial anak.
Association between Herpes Simplex Type 1 Virus Infection and Bell’s Palsy
Authors: Islam Mohammad Mohitul , Sarkar Saumitra , Das Priyatosh Chandra , Rahman Touhidur , Sazib S M Farhad
Published: January 2022

Background: Idiopathic facial paralysis is one of the commonest conditions in neurological practice. Objective: The purpose of this study is to see whether Bell’s palsy is associated with serological marker of Herpes Simplex virus type 1, and to study the clinical signs and symptoms manifested by Bell’s palsy. Methodology: This retrospective observational study was carried out in neurology OPD of ShSMCH, Dhaka from June, 2014 to May, 2016. All the patients who came to the OPD were selected as study population. All relevant data, those who fulfill the inclusion criteria were recorded in pre-designed data collection sheet.

Result: A total number of 60 were recruited in this study. 30 were case group and 30 were control group. In our study, more than one quarter of cases (26.7%) was found between 26-30 years, while lowest age incidence was 16-20 years (6.7%). More than 37% of cases had their attack of Bell’s palsy in monsoon season, only 3% in autumn. 52.3% had pain in or around the ear. Taste abnormalities were found in 23.3%.

Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that, Herpes simplex type 1 may be an important causative agent for Bell’s palsy. But a large scale study is needed for establishment of Herpes Simplex type 1 as an important infective agent for causation of Bell’s palsy.

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (1): 12-15
Effect of Mannitol on Serum Electrolytes in Stroke Patients
Authors: Chowdhury Miftaul Jannath , Chowdhury Md Abu Nayeem , Omar Faruque Chowdhury Muhammad , Zahid Rashed Imam , Das Suprava , Roy Mytrayee Dev , Ahmed Hussain
Published: January 2022

Mannitol, an osmotic agent and a free radical scavenger with neuroprotective properties, have been reported in many studies to decrease cerebral oedema , infarct size and neurological deficit in patients with stroke. The present study was carried out in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration with the Departments of Medicine and Neurology of Sylhet M.A.G Osmani Medical College and Hospital to evaluate the effect of mannitol on serum electrolytes in stroke patients. A total number of Forty five (45) acute stroke patients were randomly allocated in two groups- 23 patients received mannitol and 22 patients did not receive mannitol. On Day 1 after measuring serum electrolyte levels of both groups, mannitol receiving group was given infusion mannitol 1 gm/kg IV bolus followed by 0.5 gm/kg IV 6 hourly till 3rd day and then again on Day 3 serum electrolyte levels of both groups were measured. Predisposing risk factors, egsmoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia were also analyzed. RBS (Random Blood Sugar) and serum creatinine were estimated before treatment initiation with aim to assess hyperglycaemia and renal impairment respectively. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS program using unpaired ‘t’ test between two groups and between Day 1 and Day 3 by paired ‘t’ test. The result showed that serum sodium and potassium at Day 1 and Day 3 were almost similar between mannitol receiving group and mannitol non-receiving group ( P>0.05 for each component). After infusion of mannitol till third day, no electrolyte imbalance was noted. The study depicts that mannitol can be safely given to stroke patients as there were no change in electrolyte balance till third day.
Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (1): 21-27
Miller Fisher Syndrome- a Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sarker Imran , Hakim Maliha , Islam Mahmudul , Alam Md Badrul , Islam Md Rafiqul
Published: January 2022

Background and Objective:: Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a variant of Guillan Barre syndrome characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia. Although self-limiting disease course is expected, disease modifying treatment options for MFS are no different than for GBS and include intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) and plasmapheresis. Here, we report a case of MFS presented with bilateral ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia with quadriparesis and normal NCS. Patient

Methods: A 14- year-old young boy was admitted to our hospital with the complaints of double vision, vertigo, difficulty in walking, imbalance. He had no diarrhea or upper respiratory tract infection prior to this illness. On neurological examination, he had limited ability to move his eyes up and out, had bilateral ptosis, ataxia. The muscle strength was mildly impaired. The plantar reflexes were flexor and the deep tendon reflexes were absent.

Results: The blood laboratory, CT and brain MRI were normal. In the first sample of CSF, there was no change. Subsequent sample after 14 days revealed high protein with albuminocytological dissociation. The NCS and EMG were normal. Anti GQ 1b antibody was negative. He showed marked improvement with conservative management.

Conclusion: MFS is a rare disease that must be diagnosed with the clinical findings and in the following days the diagnosis can be supported by the laboratory findings.

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (1): 47-51
Serum Creatine Kinase Concentration & Its Association with Severity in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study
Authors: Md Arifuzzaman - , Islam Md Rafiqul , Alam Sheikh Mahabub , Sheikh Abdul Kader , Saleheen Md Shafiqus , Sina Hashmi , Momen Khan Muhammad Abdul , Begum Afroza , Rahman Mohammad Mashudur , Majumdar Sukumar , Rahman Hafizur
Published: January 2022

Background: The diagnosis of ischemic stroke remains a clinical one, with confirmatory evidence obtained through neuroimaging. Analogous to the role that the creatine kinase (CK), a biochemical test may be useful in diagnosis as well as detect severity which ultimately helps in the management of acute ischemic stroke.

Objective: To evaluate serum creatine kinase level and its association with severity in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, BSMMU, Dhaka from January 2014 to December 2014.In this study 50 acute ischemic stroke patients were enrolled as cases.

Result: In this study, 42.0% patients were female and 58% were male and their mean age was 55.96±10.93 years. According to classification by NIH Stroke score, 32% patients was found in minor stroke, 28% in moderate stroke, 26% in moderate to severe stroke and 14% in severe stroke. 80.0% patients had increased level of serum creatine kinase. In this study there is a positive correlation between NIH Stroke Score and Serum creatine kinase level (r= 0.869, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion: Increase severity of acute ischaemic stroke causes increased level of serum creatine kinase.

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (2): 52-55
Frequency and Risk Factors of Pneumonia and Urinary Tract Infection during Hospitalization in Acute Stroke Patients.
Authors: Ahmad Shahed , Rahman Matiur , Hosen Mostafa , Kalam Abul , Shoab Mohammed , Islam Md Rafiqul
Published: January 2022

Background: Acute stroke Patients are at risk of developing a wide range of complications. Among these medical complications the most common are infections, including pneumonia and urinary tract infection (UTI). This study was designed to see the frequency and risk factors of pneumonia and UTI after acute stroke in hospitalized patients.

Methods : This prospective observational study was done in the Department of Neurology and Department of Medicine, Sylhet M.A.G Osmani Medical College Hospital, from May 2014 to November 2014. After hospitalization, a total number of 80 acute stroke patients were enrolled in this study. All patients of both sexes, presented with acute stroke, were confirmed by CT scan of head; vascular risk factors were recorded and relevant investigations were done.

Results: Among the study subjects Urinary tract infection was found in 23 (28.8%) patients. Statistically significant risk factors for UTI were : > 65 years age (OR=2.926; 95% of CI=1.044-8.202; p=0.037). Female gender (OR=0.327; 95% of CI=0.120-0.889; p=0.026), diabetes (OR=2.015; 95% of CI=1.019-7.780; p=0.042), Severe stroke (OR=3.331; 95% of CI=1.217-9.116; p=0.017), Foley tube catheterization (OR=4.229; 95% of CI=1.492-11.982; p=0.005). Pneumonia developed in 17 (21.2%) patients and no pneumonia in 63 (78.8%) patients.

Conclusion : UTI and pneumonia are common occurrence after acute stroke during stroke hospitalization. Older age, female gender, diabetes mellitus, severe stroke at presentation and urinary catheterization were found the risk factors of UTI; whereas older age, severe stroke at presentation, nasogastric tube feeding, oropharyngeal suction and difficulty in swallowing were found the risk factors of pneumonia in acute stroke.

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (2): 74-84
Etiological Pattern of Dementia in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan MRK , Rizvi AN , Habib MA , Hasan MK , Mamun A , Alam MR , Islam R
Published: January 2022

Background: Dementia is a chronic & progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting usually older people of more than 65 years in which there are disturbances of multiple higher cortical functions including memory, thinking, orientation & others. Dementia patients are increasing in number as the population of older age group is increasing. All types of dementia are treatable, at least with psychosocial interventions. So, accurate diagnosis and evaluation of etiological pattern is essential.

Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, Bangabandu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2012 to December 2012 on 88 patients with dementia diagnosed on the basis of mini mental state examination and DSM-IV criteria.

Results: Vascular dementia was the underlying diagnosis in most of the cases (43.3 %) followed by Alzheimers Disease (20.2%) and Parkinson Disease (9%). Other causes were Mixed Dementia, Intracranial Space Occupying Lesion, Post Encephalitic, Hypoxic Encephalitic, Chronic Subdural Haematoma and Tubercular Meningitis.

Conclusion: Vascular dementia is more than Alzheimer’s Dementia in Bangladesh. Multiple vascular risk factors contribute to this.

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (2): 85-90
Adapting Bangla Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-B) among Healthy Elderly in Bangladesh
Authors: Ghose Swapon Kumar , Uddin Ahmed Kazi Gias , Chowdhury Ahmed Hossian , Hasan ATM Hasibul , Rahman Khan Muhammad Zillur , Karim ASM Rezaul , Saha Kanol , Sina Hashmi , Md Arifuzzaman -
Published: January 2022

Background: The aim of our study was to determine whether modified Bangla version (MMSE-B) is as effective as mini mental state examination (MMSE) tool for use in Bangladeshi people.

Methods: This descriptive observational study was carried out in Department of Neurology, DMCH from January 2013 to December 2013. A total 200 healthy adults (patient attendants at the clinic) who met the inclusion criteria, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire containing information on age, sex, residence, educational backgrounds and questions set at MMSE English version (MMSE-E) and modified Bangla version for MMSE-B (Figure-1). MMSE and MMSE-B both were applied in 1:1 ration. The literate people were asked whether they are comfortable to answer in English (MMSE-E) or they would like the translated form and we applied the form of MMSE (MMSE-T) according to their wish. But in other group of people the modified Bangla version (MMSE-B) was used irrespective of level of education.

Result: The mean age at presentation was 58.1±7.8 and 94% were within 50-70 years of age. Male were more common (80, 66) in both the groups and most of them belonging to rural areas. MMSE-B were mostly employed on people having only primary level of education (up to class five, n=80) or no education (n=2), whereas MMSE-E were employed up on people having a level of education higher than class five (n=96). Every question in each item of cognitive domain correlated well (correlation co-efficient range from 0.801- 0.971) except the 7th (correlation co-efficient 0.418) which had higher mean score for MMSE-B than those of MMSE-E (0.90 versus 0.54). The mean score of MMSEB was greater than the mean score of MMSE-E for most of questions except the 1st question that is related to orientation of time. The mean of total score in MMSE-E and MMSE-B were 24.04 and 24.91 respectively with a correlation co-efficient of 0.940.

Conclusion: MMSE-B is adaptable for use in Bangladeshi people irrespective of level of education.

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (2): 91-97
Association between Age and New Onset Ischemic Stroke in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Sina Hashmi , Islam Md Rafiqul , Habib Mansur , Ghose Swapon Kumar , Ahmed Kazi Gias Uddin , Chowdhury Ahmed Hossain , Saha Kanol , Arifuzzaman Mohammad , Alam Iftikher , Mustary Tamanna , Dhali Sabbir Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Background: Ischemic stroke is the end result of occlusion of a blood vessel supplying the brain by a thrombus originating somewhere outside the brain or as a result of a thrombotic stenosis of a cerebral blood vessel itself. Older people have higher prevalence of ischemic stroke.
Objective: To evaluate the association between higher age and new onset ischemic stroke in patient with diabetes mellitus.
Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurology, BSMMU, Dhaka from February 2013 to September 2014 on 50 DM patients with first attack of ischemic stroke. mRS was measured on 14th day of the stroke.
Result: Majority of the patients (40.0%) were in age group 51-60 years. The mean age was 58.9 ± 9.6 years with a range from 30 to 75 years. Males were 52.0% and females were 48.0%. Male to female ratio was 1.08:1. It was observed that more than one third (36.0%) patients were current smoker, 9(18.0%) were ex-smoker and 23(46.0%) were non smoker. Majority of the patients, 29(58.0%), had hypertension. Mean systolic BP was found 129 ±16 mmHg with a range from 90 to 160 mmHg. The mean diastolic BP was found 81±11 mmHg with a range from 60 to 100 mmHg. Age has significant positive correlation with modified ranking scale on 14th day of stroke [r= 0.322 (p=0.023)].
Conclusion: As per study result, it can be concluded that increasing age is associated with higher level of mRS.
Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2017; Vol. 33 (1): 1-5
Common Non-Neurological Medical Complications in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Hossain MA , Hannan MA , Biswas PK , Jahan M , Khan MAM
Published: January 2022

Ischemic stroke patients suffer from different complications among which nonneurological medical complications are common along with stroke related neurological complications. This observational study was aimed to find out these non-neurological common medical complications of acute ischemic stroke patients admitted in hospital in this country. This study was conducted by every day observation of acute ischemic stroke patients admitted in the hospital. Medical complications were diagnosed on the basis of clinical features and laboratory findings. In acute ischemic stroke patients, development of medical complications is more common (60%). Among them infective complications were found more than non-infective complications. Urinary tract infections (17.8%), respiratory tract infection (17.8%), mixed complications (13.3%) were found commoner than other complications. Length of hospital stay (LOHS) was prolonged in those patients who developed these complications. These complications play a vital role in outcome of the patients.
Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2017; Vol.  33 (1): 13-17
Pattern of Presentation of Moyamoya Disease (MMD) Patients in Bangladesh: Experience from Tertiary Care Hospitals
Authors: Khan Sharif Uddin , Rahman Kazi Mohibur , Hasan ATM Hasibul , Islam Sirajee Shafiqul , Chowdhury Rajib Nayan , Patwary Md Khairul Kabir , Elyas Dewan Mohammad , Khan Abdul Momen , Hossain Md Amir , Azam Md Bokhtiar , Hasanat Md Amirul
Published: January 2022

Background: Moyamoya disease is rare but not uncommon throughout the world. Clinical profile of childhood moyamoya (MMD) disease is not well delineated in Bangladesh.
Methods: We conducted this cross sectional study in pediatrics and neurology department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital that involved 20 patients of MMD over a period of one year.
Result: Among the cases about 2/3rd(65%) of the patients were within 8 years age at onset with mean age of the patients being 7.24(±3.34) years at onset with a male: female ratio of 1.2:1. Almost half of the patients had past history of intermittent episodes TIA which precipitated by hyperventilation and crying (p <0.05). Important history related to prothombotic conditions (Family History of stroke, MI, Hyperlipidemia, Obesity, Coagulation disorders) were also statistically significant (p<0.05). Sixteen patients in our series exhibited hemiparesis and out of them 4(25%) were alternating (p<0.05), followed by dysarthria at onest 13(65%). Convulsions and visual impairment were seen in 5 (25%) different patients, 3(15%) different patients had altered consciousness, involuntary movements, ataxia, headache and cognitive impairment at onset. We observed intellectual impairment in and psycho–motor retardation in two different patients. MRA abnormalities were found in 19 cases out of 20. Among 19 cases bilateral ICA stenosis with collaterals seen in 18 cases (90%), MCA stenosis along with bilateral ICA stenosis were seen in 16(80%) cases, ACA stenosis along with bilateral ICA stenosis were seen in 07(35%) cases, PCA stenosis along with bilateral ICA stenosis were observed in 05(25%) cases. No collaterals and without typical “puff of smoke” appearance was seen in 01(5%) and unilateral ICA stenosis with collaterals was seen in 01(5%) cases (probable MMD). Diagnostic Cerebral DSA was done in 07 (35%) patients and typical angiographic findings of Moyamoya disease were present in all of them.
Conclusion: C-MMD may have various presentations. Stroke and TIA are most common presentation. MRA may well delineate the characteristics angrographic abnormality.
Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2017; Vol.  33 (1): 24-29
Association between Modifiable Risk Factors and Stroke Recurrence in Patients with First Ever Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hassan Shahadat , Islam Md Rafiqul , Rahman Hasan Zahidur
Published: January 2022

Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of death in adult population throughout the world and is the most common cause of severe adult physical disability. It is increasing at an alarming rate in Asia including Bangladesh. The effect of recurrent stroke is devastating on patient as it is the main reason of mortality and morbidity among patients.

Methods: A longitudinal, observational study was conducted from April 2018 to October 2018 in the department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. All the patients of first ever ischemic stroke confirmed by neuroimaging (CT scan of head / MRI of brain), meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Our study was performed with sixty stroke patients. We followed up patient up to 90 days and observed for stroke recurrence.

Results: Present study showed among the 60 stroke patients, only 4 (6.67%) suffered from stroke recurrence within 3 months. In our study, uncontrolled systolic blood pressure (p=0.04), uncontrolled diastolic blood pressure (p=0.027), dyslipidaemia (p=0.001), smoking (p=0.0003) and antiplatelet discontinuation (p=0.0001) were significantly associated with stroke recurrence whereas uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (p=0.46) and presence of atrial fibrillation (p=0.057) had no significant association.

Conclusion: Smoking, hypercholesterolemia, uncontrolled systolic &/or diastolic blood pressure and discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy were significantly associated with stroke recurrence in this population. Therefore, early identification and control of these risk factors are essential to prevent recurrent stroke, thereby decrease morbidity and mortality.

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2017; Vol. 33 (2): 55-62
Association of Insulin Resistance with Sodium Valproate Therapy among Epileptic Patient
Authors: Haque Md Azizul , Islam Md Rafiqul , Alam Sheikh Mahbub , Haque Muhammad Nazmul , Haque Md Aynul , Roy Niloy Ranjan , Sarker Imran , Rahman Md Habibur
Published: January 2022

Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder. Sodium valproate is one of the commonest broad spectrum antiepileptic drugs and it is used worldwide. Weight gain is the common side effect which is known to be associated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to see the association of sodium valproate therapy with insulin resistance among epileptic patients.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study. Total 102 patients (51 epileptic patients with valproate monotherapy for at least one year and another 51 age and sex matched newly diagnosed epileptic patients without any anti-epileptic drugs) were selected in this study. The study was carried out from March 2016 to April 2017 for one year in the epilepsy clinic and outpatient Department of Neurology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Participants underwent anthropometric evaluations and biochemical tests including fasting blood sugar and fasting insulin level. Insulin resistance (IR) index was calculated.

Result: In this study mean duration of valproate treatment was 3.12±1.26 years and mean sodium valproate dose was 1133±440.5 mg/day (17.7±6.65 mg/kg/day). This study revealed serum fasting insulin level in valproate group and non-valproate group was 11.05±4.86 (ìU/ml) and 7.39±2.01 (ìU/ml) respectively. Fasting blood glucose was 4.71±0.79 (mmol/L) in valproate group and 4.41±0.62 (mmol/L) in non- valproate group. Calculated IR index in valproate group and non-valproate group was 2.17±0.55 and 1.46±0.39 respectively. IR index, fasting insulin and blood glucose all were significantly higher in valproate group than non- valproate group. This study also revealed mild positive correlation of IR index with dose and duration of valproate treatment.

Conclusion: Sodium valproate treated patient had significantly higher IR index than control group.

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2017; Vol. 33 (2): 63-69
Digital Subtraction Angiographic Pattern of Extracranial and Intracranial Atherosclerotic Arterial Stenosis among Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Hossain Md Alamgir , Rahman Hasan Zahidur , Md Shahidullah - , Islam Md Rafiqul , Hannan MA , Rizvi Abu Nasir , Sheikh Abdul Kader , Kanti Dey Suvash , Habib Md Ahsan , Ahmed Anis , Md Rakanuzzaman - , Rahman Dewan Mushfiqur , Ahtesam Md Saifullah , Islam Md Monirul
Published: January 2022

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death in adult population throughout the world and is the most common cause of severe adult physical disability. Atherosclerotic stenosis is one of the predominant cause of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the type, number and severity of intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis and its association with different risk factors.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Neurology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from July 2017 to August 2018. Only patients having significant (≥50%) symptomatic stenosis were included in this study.

Results: In total 42 cases, 25 patients had extracranial stenosis, 13 patients had intracranial stenosis and 4 patients had both intracranial and extracranial stenosis. Overall 17 (40.47%) patients have intracranial involvement and 29 (69.04%) patients had extracranial involvement. The most commonly involved intracranial stenotic segment was MCA, present in 8 (32%) out of 25 intracranial segments followed by ICA 7 (28%) and intracranial vertebral artery 4(16%). Most commonly involved extracranial stenotic segment was ICA, present in 37 (77.08%) out of 48 extracranial segments. Diabetes was found to be the most common risk factor of intracranial stenosis (p value 0.022) while hypercholesterolemia was the major risk factor for severe (≥70%) stenosis.

Conclusion: Extracranial arterial stenosis is more common than intracranial arterial stenosis. Anterior circulation stenosis is more common than posterior circulation stenosis. Intracranial stenosis is more prevalent in diabetic patients. Hypercholesterolemiaismore commonly seen in severe (e”70%) stenosis.

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2017; Vol. 33 (2): 89-95
Guillain Barré Syndrome after Thrombolysis With Streptokinase for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Kafil , Md Shahidullah - , Dey Subash Kanti , Khan Rezaul Karim , Islam Md Rafiqul , Rahman Hasan Zahidur , Rizvi Abu Nasir , Md Raknuzzaman - , Bhuiyan Md Moniruzzaman , Hannan MA
Published: January 2022

We would like to report on a patient, a 52-year-old man with acute neurologic disorder, Guillain Barré Syndrome. He was successfully treated by intravenous immunoglobulin. The patient suffered from acute extensive anterior MI. 2 weeks after thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase, he developed GBS.

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2017; Vol. 33 (2): 103-104
Farmers’ choice of varieties and demand for improved cassava stems in Nigeria
Authors: Kolapo A , Ogunyemi OV , Ologundudu OM , Adekunle IA , Akinloye MO , Komolehin F
Published: January 2022

In this study, we used a household level survey to assess choices of varieties and demand for improved cassava varieties. A multivariate probit model was used to examine the determinants of choice decisions of the farmers for different varieties preventing potential endogeneity and measurement error. A Linearized Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model was used to analyze the demand system for improved cassava varieties. The results of the (LA/AIDS) model indicated farmers were very price sensitive to changes in improved stem prices and incomes. We suggest that intervention program that will improve the purchasing power of the farmers should be targeted towards the smallholder cassava farmers to accelerate adoption of improved cassava varieties.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 42-51, Dec 2021
Market chain analysis of goat in south omo zone of SNNPR, Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu Y , Kusse K , Kassu K
Published: January 2022

This study was initiated to identify market chain actors and their function in the market, investigate the structure conduct and performance of goat marketing in south omo zones of SNNPR, Ethiopia during the year 2018. Primary data were collected from sampled pastoralists and agro pastoralists, traders and brokers. Before the household survey, key informant interview and focus group discussions were conducted with producers, traders and brokers. Descriptive Statistics and qualitative data analysis techniques were employed to analyze the goat market structure, conduct and performance. The results show that producers, brokers, traders and consumers were the major goat market actors. Regarding the market structure, cattle market is known to be dominated by few traders. Although the degree of competition varies, goat market structure in the study area has an oligopolistic nature. This shows that only few traders have the majority of market share and earn abnormal profit. Besides, goat market is characterized by entry barriers, distant market point, high trucking cost, seasonality of marketing, information asymmetries and unfriendly relation between actors. As the pastoralists and agro pastoralists mainly depend on goat for their livelihoods and other cultural values, traders take advantage of the asymmetric market information towards them. The larger share of the market gains remains with end traders thereby limiting the pastoralists and agro pastoralists chance to realize the economic gains in goat production. Thus, linking producers to market and its benefits, establishing cooperatives and development of infrastructure could play a significant role for optimization of the sector.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 52-60, Dec 2021
Green entrepreneurship in India
Authors: Nayak YD , Sahoo AP
Published: January 2022

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the adaptability of newly released papaya varieties at Chano Mille research site of Arba Minch Agricultural Research Center during 2019-2020 cropping seasons. The three hermaphrodite papaya varieties namely; Braz-HS1, Koka-HM1 and Meki-HL1 were used for the study and laid-out in a Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. Data on yield and yield components were collected and analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) through Statistical Analytics System software. The ANOVA results revealed that there were significant variations among papaya varieties for the studied parameters. Significantly, the highest number of fruits plant-1, number of leaves and fruit yield were obtained from Braz-HS1 papaya variety. The fruit yield of Braz-HS1 variety was 46% higher than that of Koka-HM1. In general, Braz-HS1 papaya variety performed (in terms of number of fruits and fruit yield) better than the rest two varieties. Thus, Braz-HS1 papaya variety could be recommended for the papaya growers in the study area and vicinity with similar agro-ecology.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 72-75, Dec 2021
Soil supplementation with Si, B and Zn and their synergetic effects in reducing severity of wheat blast (Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum)
Authors: Kabir MH , Nayan HR , Abedin MA , Meah MB
Published: January 2022

Wheat blast (Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum) in Bangladesh and South America is recognized as one major limiting factor of wheat production. Its control using chemical pesticides raises concerns about food safety and pesticide resistance, which have dictated the need for alternative blast management approach, nutrient supplementation could be an ecofriendly alternative. Experiments were carried out under confined net house condition for two consecutive cropping seasons. Single doses of the nutrients (Si, B and Zn) were incorporated during soil preparation. Plants of the wheat blast susceptible variety BARI Gom-26 were inoculated with spores (1 x 107 spores ml-1) of Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum at blast vulnerable pre-heading stage of 52 days age. Typical wheat blast symptoms of spike bleaching from top to downward appeared on sight 14 days after inoculation i.e., 66 days age of the crop. Incidence and severity of blast bleaching of spike were scored for four times starting from 68 days age @ three day’s interval. None of the nutrients could stop the incidence of blast on wheat; however, some nutrients reduced the blast incidence significantly. Solo application of Si, B and Zn or combination of two caused significant reduction of spike bleaching. With the mixed application of Si, B and Zn, > 47% reduction of wheat blast severity was obtained. The results revealed that the soil application of silicon, zinc and boron had a synergistic effect on the intensity of blast disease of wheat.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 76-84, Dec 2021
Determinants of farmers’ access to microcredit from cooperative societies in Ondo state, Nigeria
Authors: Kolapo A , Ogunleye AS , Kehinde AD , Adebanke AA
Published: January 2022

The study examined the determinants of farmers’ access to microcredit from cooperative societies in Ondo state. A multistage sampling technique was used to obtain data from 100 respondents. Primary data was collected for the purpose of the study. We used descriptive statistics and logit regression model to analyses the data collected. Result showed that the farmers were mostly male farmers (64%) while majority of the farmers had a mean age of 44.10 ± 14.70. It was also revealed that consumer cooperative society, producer cooperative society, marketing cooperative society, cooperative farming society and credit and thrift cooperative society were the major forms of cooperative used by the farmers. The result also shows that age, marital status, farm size, farming experience, credit from another source and number of years in the cooperative significantly influenced farmers’ access to microcredit from cooperative society.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 103-107, Dec 2021
Molecular characterization and in vitro control measures of fruit rot disease of Sweet pepper
Authors: Mallik MRI , Sikder MM , Hossain MK , Billah MB , Alam N
Published: January 2022

Fruit rot disease of sweet pepper is one of the main fungal diseases causing huge economic losses to the grower. An experiment was conducted to find out the fungal pathogen associated with fruit rot disease of sweet pepper, obtained from experimental fields of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. Fruit rot disease-causing fungus was isolated from infected fruits and identified using morphological characterization based on colony features, mycelia, conidia as well as molecular characterization based on internal transcribe spacer (ITS) region of the fungus. ITS sequence of our studied fungus MH368146.1 was genetically 99-100% similar to sequences of Fusarium solani in NCBI database. Typical fruit rot symptoms were reproduced by artificial inoculations of the isolated fungus. The mycelial growth of this fungus was evaluated on ten different solid culture media i.e., Potato Dextrose Agar, Yeast Extract Agar, Honey Peptone Agar, Hansen’s Medium, Sabouraud’s Glucose Agar, Kauffman’s Agar, Potato Sucrose Agar, Richard’s Agar and Carrot Agar. Fungus grew well on all tested solid culture media. Several bio-control agents and two commercial fungicides were evaluated against isolated fungus under in vitro condition, in which the highest percent inhibition of radial growth of the fungus was determined as 64.75% due to Trichoderma reesei isolate 2, and 60.63% by Tilt 250 EC (500 ppm) at 7 days post-incubation. Therefore, T. reesei was found as the most suitable to control the growth of F. solani under laboratory conditions. However, further pot and field trials needed to be confirmed the bio-control potential of it.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 108-116, Dec 2021
An overview of genotype x environment interaction and yield stability analysis in applied plant breeding: great emphasis given to coffee (Coffea arabica L.)
Authors: Sakata Wakuma Merga
Published: January 2022

The inconsistence of genotypes across location during plant breeding is the major challenges to the breeder. That is the differential response of genotypes to different environment. Meanwhile stability is the ability of a genotype to withstand stressful conditions and yet be able to produce yield. Thus, stability is an absolute and relative measure. Arabica coffee has location specific adaptation nature and that leads to highly significant instability in its breeding program. In the study of coffee bean yield stability cultivars tested at multi- locations within the domain of coffee growing ecologies of Ethiopia, showed a significant genotype x environment interaction. The review of previous research also indicated inconsistent effects of genotype x environment interaction on cup quality. Yield-stability analysis is very important in measuring cultivar stability and suitability for growing crops across seasons and agro-ecological region to identify stable genotype. The yield stability have been challenge to the plant breeders and biometricians, it complicates the selection of superior genotypes. It is important to minimize the usefulness of the genotype across environments for selecting. Since approach of plant breeding is to develop genotypes that are, optimum for the condition under which they will be grown breeders have to manage yield instability throughout formalized procedures of plant breeding. During stability measurement if the variance is found to be significant, various methods of measuring the stability of genotypes can be used to identify the stable genotype(s). Most of stability analysis parameters are briefly discussed in this review.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 117-123, Dec 2021