bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early detection of developmental delay in infants born very preterm or with very low birthweight
Authors: Caesar Rebecca A. , Boyd Roslyn N. , Cioni Giovanni , Ware Robert S. , Doherty Julie , Jackson Maxine P. , Salthouse Kaye L. , Colditz Paul B. ,   PREMTiME Study Group
Published: September 2022

Aim

This study aimed to identify early clinical biomarkers from birth to 16 weeks corrected age to predict typical outcome and developmental delay in infants born very preterm or with very low birthweight.

Method

A prospective cohort of infants on the Sunshine Coast, Australia, was assessed using the Premie‐Neuro Examination, the General Movement Assessment (GMA), the Alberta Infant Motor Scale, and the Infant Sensory Profile 2. At 24 months corrected age, delay was identified using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley‐III) and Neurosensory Motor Developmental Assessment (NSMDA).

Results

One hundred and four infants were recruited; 79 completed outcome assessments (43 females, 36 males; mean gestational age 30 weeks [SD 1 week 6 days], mean birthweight 1346 g [SD 323]). The incidence of developmental delay (motor or cognitive) was 6.3%. Suboptimal quality of fidgety general movements (temporal organization) at 16 weeks corrected age demonstrated the best predictive accuracy (Bayley‐III motor: sensitivity 100% [95% confidence interval {CI} 3–100], specificity 75% [95% CI 63–84], area under the curve [AUC] 0.87); Bayley‐III cognitive: sensitivity 100% [95% CI 3–100], specificity 75% [95% CI 64–84], AUC 0.88); NSMDA motor: sensitivity 100% [95% CI 40–100], specificity 81% [95% CI 70–90], AUC 0.91 [95% CI 0.86–0.95]). GMA trajectories that combined abnormal writhing general movements at 4 to 5 weeks corrected age with suboptimal quality of fidgety movement at 16 weeks corrected age were strongly predictive of developmental delay, superior to all other clinical tools, and perinatal and demographic variables investigated (p = 0.01, Akaike information criterion method 18.79 [score corrected for small sample size], accounting for 93% of the cumulative weight).

Interpretation

Only the GMA had sufficient predictive validity to act as a biomarker for both conditions: typical outcome and developmental delay (motor or cognitive). GMA trajectories that assessed both writhing general movements at 4 to 5 weeks corrected age and quality of fidgety movement at 16 weeks corrected age predicted adverse neurodevelopmental outcome, accurately differentiating between infants with typical outcomes and those at increased risk for motor or cognitive delay.
Impact of case‐mix adjustment on observed variation in the healing of diabetic foot ulcers at 12 weeks using data from the National Diabetes Foot Care Audit of England and Wales: A cohort study
Authors: Yelland Arthur C. , Meace Claire , Knighton Peter , Holman Naomi , Wild Sarah H. , Michalowski Julie , Young Bob , Jeffcoate William J.
Published: September 2022

Aim

This cohort study investigates the extent to which variation in ulcer healing between services can be explained by demographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods

The National Diabetes Foot Care Audit collated data on people with diabetic foot ulcers presenting to specialist services in England and Wales between July 2014 and March 2018. Logistic regression models were created to describe associations between risk factors and a person being alive and ulcer‐free 12 weeks from presentation, and to investigate whether variation between 120 participating services persisted after risk factor adjustment.

Results

Of 27,030 people with valid outcome data, 12,925 (47.8%) were alive and ulcer‐free at 12 weeks, 13,745 (50.9%) had an unhealed ulcer and 360 had died (1.3%). Factors associated with worse outcome were male sex, more severe ulcers, history of cardiac or renal disease and a longer time between first presentation to a non‐specialist healthcare professional and first expert assessment. After adjustment for these factors, four services (3.3%) were more than 3SD above and seven services (5.8%) were more than 3SD below the national mean for proportions that were alive and ulcer‐free at follow‐up.

Conclusions/Interpretations

Variation in the healing of diabetic foot ulcers between specialist services in England and Wales persisted after adjusting for demographic characteristics, ulcer severity, smoking, body mass index and co‐morbidities. We conclude that other factors contribute to variation in healing of diabetic foot ulcers and include the time to specialist assessment.
Dam cascade in run‐of‐river systems promotes homogenisation of fish functional traits in a plateau river
Authors: Ticiani Douglas , Larentis Crislei , de Carvalho Débora Reis , Ribeiro Ana Cristina , Delariva Rosilene Luciana
Published: September 2022

Impoundments caused by dams are often responsible for intense changes in physical, chemical, geomorphological and hydrological characteristics of rivers, and are one of the main causes in global freshwater biodiversity declines. When these changes derive from multiple cascading dams, the cumulative effect can amplify, causing more pronounced consequences than each individual reservoir, which may affect, among other factors, the biotic and functional conditions of fish fauna. We aim to evaluate the impact of dam cascades on fish functional diversity by applying trait‐based analysis. We evaluate the functional attributes (functional indices and community‐weighted means of trait values) and environmental variables at 11 sites, which encompassed different segments affected by the hydroelectric plants (transition, reservoir, reduced discharge section and tributary) in the Antas River Basin dam cascade system located in southern Brazil. The spatial differences of the functional indices (richness, evenness, divergence, dispersion and diversity) as well as the weighted averages of each functional trait were tested through analysis of variance. The most affected functional characteristics were those related to habitat exploration by detritivorous species, especially the use of food resources and body shape, as well as the type of swimming movement. These traits were more representative at the most downstream site of the complex. Thus, our results suggest that the cascade of dams acts in the functional homogenisation of the ichthyofauna in the intermediate stretches, mainly reflecting physical changes in habitat.
Drug‐resistant epilepsy and mortality—Why and when do neuromodulation and epilepsy surgery reduce overall mortality
Authors: Rheims Sylvain , Sperling Mickael R. , Ryvlin Philippe
Published: September 2022

Patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy have an increased mortality rate, with the majority of deaths being epilepsy related and 40% due to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The impact of epilepsy surgery on mortality has been investigated since the 1970s, with increased interest in this field during the past 15 years. We systematically reviewed studies investigating mortality rate in patients undergoing epilepsy surgery or neuromodulation therapies. The quality of available evidence proved heterogenous and often limited by significant methodological issues. Perioperative mortality following epilepsy surgery was found to be <1%. Meta‐analysis of studies that directly compared patients who underwent surgery to those not operated following presurgical evaluation showed that the former have a two‐fold lower risk of death and a three‐fold lower risk of SUDEP compared to the latter (odds ratio [OR] 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29–0.56;p < .0001 for overall mortality and OR 0.32, 95% CI: 0.18–0.57;p < .001 for SUDEP). Limited data are available regarding the risk of death and SUDEP in patients undergoing neuromodulation therapies, although some evidence indicates that vagus nerve stimulation might be associated with a lower risk of SUDEP. Several key questions remain to be addressed in future studies, considering the need to better inform patients about the long‐term benefit–risk ratio of epilepsy surgery. Dedicated long‐term prospective studies will thus be required to provide more personalized information on the impact of surgery and/or neuromodulation on the risk of death and SUDEP.
Deep learning‐based clustering of processes and their visual exploration: An industry 4.0 use case for small, medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Mehdiyev Nijat , Mayer Lea , Lahann Johannes , Fettke Peter
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes a multi‐stage approach consisting of deep learning‐based image classification, process trace clustering, and visual/statistical knowledge discovery of process data. The proposed decision augmentation solution aims to facilitate the production planners in estimating the process‐specific production parameters such as activity duration, idle time, or machine utilization. This study focuses on ‘one‐of‐a‐kind production’ (OKP). Planning in OKP is especially challenging due to the increasing individualization of customer requirements. Furthermore, the uniqueness of products adds complexity to data and information structuring. To tackle this issue, we first train deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) with image data of production parts obtained from computer‐aided design (CAD) systems to extract meaningful features. After cross‐validation, uncertainty, and robustness assessment of the adopted deep learning approach, we use the data representation from the penultimate layer as input for clustering production parts. The goodness of clustering results is evaluated using a series of internal clustering validation indices. Finally, process event log data provided by manufacturing execution systems (MES) is mapped to each production part, allowing us to conduct statistical and visual knowledge discovery of process parameters for each cluster. The relevance of our proposed approach has been validated by studying a real‐world use case in a small, medium‐sized enterprise (SME) operating in the fixture and jig manufacturing industry.
A hybrid recommender system based on description/dialetheic logic and linked data
Authors: Santos Ricardo Dos , Aguilar Jose
Published: September 2022

In this research, we developed a hybrid recommender system based on description/dialetheic logic, which provides an innovative architecture for the recommendation based on ambiguous reasoning. In addition, our approach allows enriching the knowledge during the reasoning using the linked data paradigm. Thus, the architecture allows the integration of linked data, in order to be exploited by the recommender. On the other hand, the reasoning mechanisms of dialetheic logic allow handling situations of contradiction or inconsistency, to determine the information to offer to users. According to the reviewed literature, our proposal is the first that implements a dialetheic engine in a Recommender System. In general, there are a lot of works about the utilization of linked open data (LOD) to improve the Recommender Systems, for example, to enrich the information to recommend or to solve the cold start problem. However, there are no proposals to deal with the problems of ambiguity, incoherence or incompleteness of the information in these environments extended with LOD. In this way, this paper proposes a hybrid reasoning engine that uses the linked data paradigm for the knowledge extraction, and dialetheic logic for the management of inconsistency/ambiguity information, in order to obtain recommendations. Particularly, the information extracted with Linked Data is processed with the Dialetheic Logic reasoner to solve ambiguous cases. Thus, each recommendation is enriched with related content extracted from the linked data sources, which has been disambiguated. The results are very promising since our hybrid reasoning mechanism allows obtaining more precise recommendations, considering the different classical states of ambiguity in dialetheic logic (contingent statements about the future, failure of a presupposition, vagueness, counterfactual reasoning), according to various metrics of quality used to evaluate the recommendations achieved.
Monitoring nature's calendar from space: Emerging topics in land surface phenology and associated opportunities for science applications
Authors: Ma Xuanlong , Zhu Xiaolin , Xie Qiaoyun , Jin Jiaxin , Zhou Yuke , Luo Yunpeng , Liu Yuxia , Tian Jiaqi , Zhao Yuhe
Published: September 2022

Vegetation phenology has been viewed as the nature's calendar and an integrative indicator of plant‐climate interactions. The correct representation of vegetation phenology is important for models to accurately simulate the exchange of carbon, water, and energy between the vegetated land surface and the atmosphere. Remote sensing has advanced the monitoring of vegetation phenology by providing spatially and temporally continuous data that together with conventional ground observations offers a unique contribution to our knowledge about the environmental impact on ecosystems as well as the ecological adaptations and feedback to global climate change. Land surface phenology (LSP) is defined as the use of satellites to monitor seasonal dynamics in vegetated land surfaces and to estimate phenological transition dates. LSP, as an interdisciplinary subject among remote sensing, ecology, and biometeorology, has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. Recent advances in sensor technologies, as well as data fusion techniques, have enabled novel phenology retrieval algorithms that refine phenology details at even higher spatiotemporal resolutions, providing new insights into ecosystem dynamics. As such, here we summarize the recent advances in LSP and the associated opportunities for science applications. We focus on the remaining challenges, promising techniques, and emerging topics that together we believe will truly form the very frontier of the global LSP research field.
Proximity to metal mining is related to aspects of feather coloration but not fluctuating asymmetry in the Russet‐crowned Motmot (Momotus mexicanus) in south‐central Mexico
Authors: Kiere Lynna Marie , López‐Michelena Alejandro , Osorio‐Beristain Marcela , Sorani Valentino , Navarro‐Sigüenza Adolfo G. , Sánchez‐González Luis A.
Published: September 2022

Mining is present in all major biomes worldwide and overlaps strongly with areas of importance for bird conservation. Mining causes multiple types of environmental disturbance, including habitat alteration, increased human presence and persistent heavy metal pollution. Feather coloration and fluctuating asymmetry (random deviation from perfect symmetry between the two sides of the body), especially of elaborate or ornamental characters, have been proposed as potentially useful biomarkers of anthropogenic stress in birds. However, there has been virtually no research on their responses to mining disturbance. Here, we use colour and morphometric measurements and collection location data from museum specimens of the Russet‐crowned MotmotMomotus mexicanusto evaluate how their proximity to mining concessions in south‐central Mexico (Morelos, Guerrero and Oaxaca states) relates to: (1) structural and melanin‐based plumage coloration, and (2) size and fluctuating asymmetry of their distinctive racket‐shaped tail. As a resident, philopatric bird that has been observed nesting directly in contaminated mining waste, motmots may be particularly well suited for addressing this question. In birds collected closer to metal mines, the violet under‐eye spot had decreased UV‐blue chroma and the black eye streak was paler, and there was weaker colour contrast between these adjacent conspicuous facial plumage patches. Body, tail and crown colour and tail length and asymmetry were unaffected by metal mine distance, and no variable was affected by distance to mines extracting non‐metals. Overall, our findings show that aspects of motmot coloration are affected by mining disturbance, probably more from heavy metal contamination rather than other aspects of mine‐related anthropization. Further research is needed to determine whether these effects are due to direct toxicity or to ecological effects such as decreased food availability and to discern whether altered colour of conspicuous patches affects social processes such as mate choice and territorial interactions in populations exposed to mining.
Changes in fatty acid profiles of microencapsulated fish oils prepared with citrus essential oils using a spray dryer
Authors: Durmuş Mustafa
Published: September 2022

To decrease global fruit processing wastes, particularly citrus peel waste accounting for 50% weight of fresh fruits, have appeared as a promising and sustainable source for the industrial potential of biological valorisation into fuels or chemicals. For this purpose, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the addition of citrus peel essential oils on the fatty acid profile of microencapsulated anchovy oil by spray drying at 0, 5, and 10 weeks of storage at ambient temperature (24 ± 1 °C). GC–MS analysis shows that the most common volatile components of lemon, grapefruit and orange essential oils were d‐limonene (27.82%), limonene glycol (21.55%) and d‐limonene (61.69%), respectively. Initial PUFA values were determined as 25.14%, 30.32%, 26.52%, and 30.87% for the control, grapefruit, lemon, and orange treatment groups, respectively. Although the ratio of ΣPUFA/ΣSFA was observed to vary between 0.48 and 0.94 in all groups, the ratio of Σn6/n3 was in the range of 0.10 for grapefruit and 0.58 for orange. The best citrus essential oils were grapefruit that preserved the content of PUFA in microencapsulated anchovy oil. Therefore, it is suggested that grapefruit EOs can be used effectively to preserve fish oil quality and extend the shelf life of microencapsulated fish oil.
Effects of concentration methods on the characteristics of spray‐dried black soybean cooking water
Authors: Echeverria‐Jaramillo Esteban , Shin Weon‐Sun
Published: September 2022

Legume cooking water (CW) is a food by‐product with the potential of becoming a plant‐based egg white replacement; however, limited research has been performed on processes to propel its industrialisation. Consequently, this study assessed the impact of concentration methods (thin‐film evaporation; cryoconcentration [CC]; and stove‐top boiling [BL]) on the composition and characteristics of spray‐dried CW powders. CW was concentrated from 6.8 to 22 °Brix. Subsequent analyses showed that the powder characteristics were an outcome of their particle size and composition. CC powders with 18.56 ± 0.85% protein and D50 = 0.14 ± 0.01 μm presented the lowest‐performing functionality. Conversely, BL powders (25.13 ± 0.50% protein and D50 = 3.70 ± 0.47 μm) displayed enhanced emulsification and foaming. Hence, the properties of CW improved with thermal concentration. These results lay the ground for selecting and optimising a concentration procedure aiming to industrialise the production of CW.
Efficacy of chitosan‐pectin beads encapsulated with combined garlic and holy basil essential oils on shelf life extension of ready to eat food
Authors: Sriwattana Sujinda , Torpol Kittikoon , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Sangsuwan Jurmkwan
Published: September 2022

Chitosan‐coated pectin beads containing mixed garlic and holy basil essential oils (GEO + HBEO) were prepared to inhibit microbial growth and extend shelf life of chilled stir‐fried pork with basil leaves on rice. The factors affecting release of GEO + HBEO were determined. Increasing environmental relative humidity, temperature and time enhanced a release rate of mixed oils from the beads. Antimicrobial activity of beads was evaluated by disc volatilisation method. Beads, at 2.20 and 4.40 g, could inhibit Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The beads were applied in packaging of chilled stir‐fried pork with basil leaves on rice. During storage, samples containing beads had Total Plate Count (TPC) less than that of the sample without beads. Furthermore, sample without beads had TPC over the limit on Day9, whereas sample with beads had TPC <106 CFU/g until Day24. A sensory triangle test showed that the sample without beads was significant different in appearance, odour and off flavour attributes from the control (sample kept in freezer) on Day5, while the sample with beads was significant different from the control on Day8; therefore, the shelf life based on sensory differences could be extended by 3 days.
Physicochemical and sensory attributes of gluten‐free sourdough breads produced from underutilised African cereal flours and flour blends
Authors: Adepehin Jemima Omonigho , Enujiugha Victor N. , Badejo Adebanjo A. , Young Glenn M. , Odeny Damaris Achieng
Published: September 2022

To seek potential alternative(s) for imported wheat in the African baking industry, the physicochemical parameters and sensory attributes of sourdough breads developed from locally sourced underutilised cereals and their blends were assessed. Processed sorghum (Sorghum bicolour), finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and their composites (50:50) were used to produce sourdough. Sourdough and flour‐sourdough blends (30% sourdough) were used in making gluten‐free breads. The protein content of the breads ranged from 16.29% to 39.26%, whereas the fat, crude fibre, ash and carbohydrate contents fell between 14.02–18.80%, 0.55–1.22%, 1.90–3.32% and 42.16–65.61%, respectively. The calculated energy value of the gluten‐free breads (405.99–446.39 Kcal per 100 g) exceeded that of wheat bread (396.43 Kcal per 100 g), while the specific loaf volume varied from 1.46 to 1.80 cm3 g−1. Although the produced gluten‐free breads have improved nutritional content compared to conventional wheat bread, they were at best moderately liked. This is perhaps due to the non‐cohesive nature of the crumbs and psychological preference for known products. Further research targeted at improving the organoleptic properties of these sourdough breads is recommended.
Colla corii asini–derived peptides as tyrosinase inhibitors: identification, inhibitory activity and molecular mechanism
Authors: Ji Huizhuo , Yu Zhipeng , Zhao Wenzhu
Published: September 2022

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of peptides derived from Colla corii asini on tyrosinase. The sequences of Colla corii asini–derived peptides were identified using mass spectrometry. To characterise the potential peptides with tyrosinase inhibitory activity and clarify their molecular mechanism, both in silico digestion and molecular docking were used. In addition, the tyrosinase inhibitory activities of potential peptides in vitro were also validated. The results showed that Colla corii asini consisted of 472 peptides, and most peptides derived from collagen. Peptides DGGR, DGD, NAGE, LVGE and GSEG were released from the digestion of Colla corii asini‐derived peptides and possessed potent inhibitory activity against tyrosinase with IC50 values of 0.92, 0.50, 0.77, 0.66 and 0.69 mg mL−1, respectively. The molecular interaction results showed that hydrogen bond and van der Waals interactions are important forces in the interaction of peptides with tyrosinase. Surface forces containing aromatic interaction, hydrogen bond, hydrophilicity and solvent‐accessible surface contributed to the interaction between tyrosinase and peptides.
Selenium and selenoproteins: their function and development of selenium‐rich foods
Authors: Han Mengqing , Liu Kunlun
Published: September 2022

Selenium (Se) is a nutrient related to human physiological processes and an essential trace element that has attracted considerable attention because of its antioxidant, immune and other functions. Se deficiency can cause all sorts of diseases and dysfunctions in the human tissues, but excessive intake of Se can also cause poisoning and injury. With lower toxicity and higher utilisation than inorganic Se, organic Se is recommended in the framework of a balanced diet. Compared with pharmaceutical supplementation, dietary Se supplementation is more acceptable to the masses. Thus, Se‐rich foods and selenoproteins enriched with organic Se have become a hot spot for current research. In living organisms, Se often exists in the form of selenoproteins (more than 25); for example, selenocysteine and selenomethionine are the common chemical forms of Se amino acids. And most of Se's physiological functions depend on the participation of selenoproteins. This paper reviews the physiological processes of Se, the development and utilisation of Se‐enriched foods, and the research on the properties of selenoproteins. Some suggestions and prospects for developing Se‐rich food in the future are also provided.
Global Burden of Disease Study 2019: an opportunity to understand the growing prevalence and impact of hip, knee, hand and other osteoarthritis in Australia
Authors: Ackerman Ilana N. , Buchbinder Rachelle , March Lyn
Published: September 2022

Background

Understanding population‐level trends in osteoarthritis (OA) is critical for planning health services and disease prevention initiatives.

Aim

To examine trends in the burden of hip, knee, hand and other OA related conditions in Australia from 1990 to 2019 and consider the OA burden in the context of other common conditions associated with older age.

Methods

Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 data for Australia on OA prevalence, OA‐related years lived with disability (YLDs) and OA‐related YLDs attributable to high body mass index (BMI) were sourced for 1990–2019. Age‐standardised YLD data for ischaemic heart disease, stroke, dementia, type 2 diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were obtained for comparison.

Results

Overall, 3.20 million Australians were estimated to have OA in 2019, with substantial growth in the prevalence of hip (+171%), knee (+126%), hand (+110%) and other types of OA (+130%) from 1990 to 2019. Age‐standardised prevalence rates reflect the contribution of population ageing. Concomitant growth in OA‐related YLDs was also evident; knee OA and hand OA demonstrated the highest disease burden in 2019 (59 684 and 41 893 YLDs respectively). The proportion of knee OA burden attributable to high BMI was 36% in 2019. In 2019, age‐standardised YLD rates were higher for OA (313 per 100 000 population) than other common conditions (range: 47 per 100 000 (ischaemic heart disease) to 284 per 100 000 (type 2 diabetes)).

Conclusions

OA is an increasingly prevalent, impactful condition with a high non‐fatal disease burden relative to other health conditions. Growth in OA populations and OA‐related disability underscore the need for enhanced investment in prevention and management.
Bilateral capital flows: Gravity, push and pull
Authors: Mercado Rogelio V.
Published: September 2022

Using bilateral capital‐flow data from 10 advanced reporting economies, with over 186 bilateral country pairs, from 2000 to 2016, this paper provides evidence of the significance of gravity factors, such as information asymmetries and economic ties, in explaining cross‐border bilateral financial‐asset flows. In addition, this study offers new evidence of regional contagion, with bilateral capital flows decreasing more for pairs of countries with closer geographic proximity (or with less information friction) than for those that are farther apart when global risk aversion rises. These findings have policy implications for the importance of information frictions, bilateral trade ties and regional cooperation in determining the level of bilateral financial‐asset flows.
Prognosis of activities of daily living function in hospitalized patients with nursing and healthcare‐associated pneumonia due to COVID‐19
Authors: Miyashita Naoyuki , Nakamori Yasushi , Ogata Makoto , Fukuda Naoki , Yamura Akihisa
Published: September 2022

Nursing and healthcare‐associated pneumonia (NHCAP) is associated with decreased physical function. We investigated the functional outcomes at 1 year after hospital discharge in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia. Functional decline rates for calculating the Barthel Index at the time of hospital discharge and at 1 year after hospital discharge were significantly higher in the NHCAP group than the community‐acquired pneumonia group (at hospital discharge, 54.0% vs. 31.2%, respectively, p < 0.0001; 1 year follow‐up, 37.9% vs. 8.6%, respectively, p < 0.0001). It is necessary to consider early rehabilitation, and treatment depending on the presence or absence of applicable criteria for NHCAP.
Influenza vaccine and subsequent development of zoster
Authors: Wei Kai‐Che , Chang Yu‐Chia , Huang Yu‐Tung
Published: September 2022

Background

Herpes zoster (HZ), which is caused by reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus, was not listed as a side effect of any vaccines until the introduction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine. This study used a nationwide population database to examine whether the HZ risk is increased after receiving the influenza vaccination.

Methods

This population‐based retrospective self‐controlled case series evaluated the association between influenza vaccine exposure and HZ risk. Data were collected from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 2015 and 2017. Patients with HZ diagnosed within 6 months before and after receiving the influenza vaccination were included. After receiving the influenza vaccine, the first 15 and 30 days were defined as risk intervals, while the other periods were defined as control intervals. Poisson regression was used to compare the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for HZ during the risk interval vs. the control interval.

Results

In total, 13,728 patients were diagnosed with HZ before and after receiving the influenza vaccine. The IRR for days 1–15 was significantly higher (IRR = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.20), but insignificant for days 1–30 (IRR = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.98–1.10). In a subgroup analysis, the IRRs were significantly higher in participants, including 50–64 years old (1.16; 95% CI, 1.02–1.33), males (1.14; 95% CI, 1.01–1.28), and healthier individuals (i.e., no history of cancer or autoimmune diseases).

Conclusions

There was a slight increase in risk of HZ in people receiving influenza vaccine in the first 1–15 days after vaccination.
NANOG regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition via AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway in ovarian cancer SKOV‐3 and A2780 cells
Authors: Yun Hee , Han Gwan Hee , Kim Julie , Chung Joon‐Yong , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Cho Hanbyoul
Published: September 2022

NANOG engages with tumour initiation and metastasis by regulating the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, its role in association with pAMPKα, and its clinical significance in EOC have not been elucidated even though AMPK is known to degrade NANOG in various human cancers. Hence, we investigated the role of pAMPKα and its association with NANOG as potential prognostic biomarkers in EOC. Both NANOG and pAMPKα expression were significantly overexpressed in EOCs comparing nonadjacent normal epithelial tissues, benign tissues, and borderline tumours. NANOG overexpression was significantly associated with poor disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), whereas pAMPKα overexpression was associated with good DFS and OS. Importantly, multivariate analysis revealed that the combination of high NANOG and low pAMPKα expression was a poor independent prognostic factor for DFS and was associated with platinum resistance. In ovarian cancer cell lines, siRNA‐mediated NANOG knockdown diminished migration and invasion properties by regulating the EMT process via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Furthermore, treatment with AMPK activator suppressed expression of stemness factors such as NANOG, Oct4 and Sox2. Collectively, these findings established that the combination of high NANOG and low pAMPKα expression was associated with EOC progression and platinum resistance, suggesting a potential prognostic biomarker for clinical management in EOC patients.
Effect of canagliflozin on white blood cell counts in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure: A subanalysis of the randomizedCANDLEtrial
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Imai Takumi , Shimabukuro Michio , Nakamura Ikuko , Matsunaga Kazuo , Ozaki Yukio , Minamino Tohru , Sata Masataka , Node Koichi ,   CANDLE trial investigators
Published: September 2022

Aims/Introduction

Clinical evidence is lacking about the influence of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on white blood cell (WBC) counts, a commonly used and widely available marker of inflammation. The aim of the present analysis was to assess the effect of canagliflozin relative to glimepiride on WBC counts.

Materials and Methods

This was a post‐hoc subanalysis of the CANDLE trial (Effects of Canagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized Trial; UMIN000017669), an investigator‐initiated, multicenter, open‐label, randomized, controlled trial. A total of 233 patients with type 2 diabetes and concomitant heart failure were randomly assigned to either canagliflozin (n = 113) or glimepiride (n = 120) treatment for 24 weeks. Overall, patient baseline characteristics were as follows: mean ± standard deviation age, 68.6 ± 10.1 years; hemoglobin A1c, 7.0 ± 0.9%; left ventricular ejection fraction, 56.7 ± 14.4%; and medianN‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, 252 pg/mL (interquartile range 96–563 pg/mL). The mean baseline WBC counts were 6704 cells/μL (95% confidence interval 6,362–7,047) in the canagliflozin group and 6322 cells/μL (95% confidence interval 5,991–6,654) in the glimepiride group. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in terms of changes in WBC counts from baseline to weeks 4 and 12. In contrast, a group difference (canagliflozin minus glimepiride) from baseline to week 24 was significant (mean difference − 456 cells/μL [95% confidence interval −774 to −139,P = 0.005]).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that 24 weeks of treatment with canagliflozin, relative to glimepiride, reduced WBC counts in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure.
Resolving the paradox of juvenile drug courts: How matching substance abuse needs with juvenile court services reduces recidivism
Authors: Chernoff William A. , Olson Lisa M. , Rodriguez Tori , O'Krepki Molly , Bisciglia Michael
Published: September 2022

Research on juvenile drug court (JDC) effectiveness has been largely underwhelming, generally showing mixed results. These findings, however, could be blamed on a deeper court problem: the inaccurate matching of services to needs. Data from a large juvenile court (N = 1,198) show that juveniles with substance abuse needs recidivate less when receiving JDC services than conventional ones. Likewise, juveniles without drug/alcohol needs receiving conventional services recidivate less than similar youth receiving JDC services. The present study contends that JDCs are an effective complement to conventional juvenile court intervention and demonstrates the importance of matching in delivering effective court services.
“No one cares”: Challenges and possibilities for modernizing juvenile detention operations in mississippi
Authors: Gulledge Laura M. , Scheer Charlie
Published: September 2022

The status of Mississippi's juvenile corrections landscape was the focus of a 2018 federally‐funded study exploring the viability of a comprehensive database of statewide juvenile arrest data. Study findings indicated that the state's juvenile corrections infrastructure was primitive and incapable of sustaining such a database. However, promising elements were found to exist that may drive organizational changes at both the local and state level, and further innovations including adaptation of new technologies are also explored. Qualitative data from the pilot study reveals these indicators of potential change, which are then contrasted with theories on how organizational change can be conceived, implemented, and sustained. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
The historical analysis of childhood and juvenile delinquency: Implications of american social trend and thought
Authors: Allen Terrence T.
Published: September 2022

This paper provides a comprehensive historical analysis of policies, theories and approaches to juvenile delinquency. It also examines the deficits and advantages of the application of adult based criminological theory as a means of explaining, and irradiating juvenile crime. Additionally, the author explores the dynamics of the definition of childhood, the pervasiveness of the mistreatment of children, and how these ever‐evolving conditions have impacted juvenile justice policy. Moreover, the paper dissects classical, positivist, and neo‐classical criminological theories efforts to explain society's response to juvenile crime. In the conclusion, the author draws implications to contemporary approaches to the treatment of juvenile delinquency based in the positivist school of thought. Finally, the author discuss the significance of understanding the historical implications for policymakers and practitioners.
Invited review: Translating kisspeptin and neurokinin B biology into new therapies for reproductive health
Authors: Mills Edouard G. , Dhillo Waljit S.
Published: September 2022

The reproductive neuropeptide kisspeptin has emerged as the master regulator of mammalian reproduction due to its key roles in the initiation of puberty and the control of fertility. Alongside the tachykinin neurokinin B and the endogenous opioid dynorphin, these peptides are central to the hormonal control of reproduction. Building on the expanding body of experimental animal models, interest has flourished with human studies revealing that kisspeptin administration stimulates physiological reproductive hormone secretion in both healthy men and women, as well as patients with common reproductive disorders. In addition, emerging therapeutic roles based on neurokinin B for the management of menopausal flushing, endometriosis and uterine fibroids are increasingly recognised. In this review, we focus on kisspeptin and neurokinin B and their potential application as novel clinical strategies for the management of reproductive disorders.
A critical review of “uterine leiomyoma” with subsequent recurrence or metastasis: A multicenter study of 62 cases
Authors: Sanada Sakiko , Ushijima Kimio , Yanai Hiroyuki , Mikami Yoshiki , Ohishi Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Tashiro Hironori , Mikami Mikio , Miyamoto Shingo , Katabuchi Hidetaka
Published: September 2022

Aim

Histopathologic diagnosis of a subset of uterine smooth muscle tumors is challenging. We report a critical review regarding the clinicopathological point of view of 62 cases of subsequently recurred or metastasized leiomyoma.

Methods

Medical records and glass slides of 62 cases of uterine smooth muscle tumor diagnosed as leiomyoma, which subsequently recurred or metastasized, were critically reviewed by pathologists specializing in gynecologic pathology and oncology.

Results

In 47 (75.8%) of 62 cases, the diagnosis of leiomyoma was confirmed, including 11 intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) and benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML). In 29 cases (46.8%) laparoscopic surgery was performed, of which morcellator without a bag was employed in 23 cases. Fifteen cases (24.2%) appeared to be underestimated and were re‐classified as smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), leiomyosarcoma, or other malignant mesenchymal tumors. Recurrences in seven cases (11.3%) were interpreted to be a malignant transformation, and one STUMP recurred as STUMP.

Conclusion

The recurrence or metastasis in cases of “leiomyoma” is attributed to iatrogenic or under‐evaluation of primary tumors, although a subset of cases is a rare example of biological progression.
How Political Actors Co‐Construct CSR and its Effect on Firms' Political Access: A Discursive Institutionalist View
Authors: van den Broek Onna Malou
Published: September 2022

This paper explores how corporate social responsibility (CSR) can incentivize political actors to increase firms' political access. Taking a discursive institutional perspective, I argue that the types of access negotiated depend on how political actors co‐construct the multiplicity of CSR meanings. To study this process, I focus on the empirical case of the European Union (EU), offering a novel analysis of event observations, policy documents, and interviews with Commission officials, Euro‐parliamentarians, and other stakeholders. I find that the value of CSR is highly contested in the EU political arena. I then elucidate four discursive strategies through which political actors interactively refined, reframed, and reinterpreted the meaning of CSR and its relevance for firm access in ways beneficial to their perceived interests. The findings highlight the importance for nonmarket strategy studies to conceptualize CSR as a co‐constructed idea and access as negotiated, putting the micro‐dynamic relationship between firms and political actors centre stage.
I Did It My Way: CEO Core Self‐Evaluations and the Environmental Contingencies on Firm Risk‐Taking Strategies
Authors: Resick Christian J. , Nadkarni Sucheta , Chu Jenny , Chen Jianhong , Lien Wan‐Chien , Margolis Jaclyn A. , Shao Ping
Published: September 2022

This study presents an environmentally contingent view of CEO core self‐evaluations (CSE) and their effects on strategic risk taking. Drawing on upper echelons theory and approach‐avoidance theory, we propose that high CSE CEOs are responsive to rather than disregard environmental cues and pursue strategic risks that enable their firms to capitalize on competitive opportunities while refraining from risks not suited to the external environment. Focusing on two forms of strategic risk – resource allocation risk taking and strategic non‐conformity – we develop hypotheses examining the contingencies across levels of environmental concentration, dynamism, and munificence. We test our hypotheses on a panel of 106 CEOs from publicly traded US companies over a period from 1998 to 2004 using historiometric analyses. Supporting our hypotheses, findings indicate that the effects of CEO CSE on resource allocation risk taking and strategic non‐conformity are contingent on industry concentration and environmental dynamism. Findings advance the understanding of CEOs' positive self‐regard.
Clinical and haemodynamic characteristics of preterm infants with early onset sepsis
Authors: Johnston Niall , de Waal Koert
Published: September 2022

Aim

Early onset sepsis (EOS) in preterm infants is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Improved characterisation of the haemodynamic presentation of EOS could lead to more effective and targeted treatments.

Methods

We performed a retrospective observational study of preterm infants ≤32 week' gestation with EOS between 2010 and 2020 and gathered clinical, haemodynamic and echocardiographic data.

Results

Of the 2198 admitted infants, 27 infants (median gestational age 28 weeks, median birthweight 1174 g) developed EOS with predominantly gram‐negative pathogens and the overall mortality rate was 33.3%. Besides hypotension, clinical signs were non‐specific, and over half of infants were normotensive in the first 72 h of life. Those with hypotension received more fluid resuscitation, inotropic support and had a higher mortality compared to the normotensive infants. Cardiac ultrasound was available in 18 infants and commonly revealed higher as expected cardiac output, pulmonary hypertension and diastolic dysfunction.

Conclusion

Preterm infants with EOS had a high mortality rate, especially when they progressed from sepsis to septic shock. Echocardiography revealed a normal haemodynamic pattern, or one suggestive of vasodilatation and warm shock physiology. Targeting this pathophysiology earlier might improve outcomes.
Bidirectional associations of sleep and discretionary screen time in adults: Longitudinal analysis of the UK biobank
Authors: Sampasa‐Kanyinga Hugues , Chaput Jean‐Philippe , Huang Bo‐Huei , Duncan Mitch J. , Hamer Mark , Stamatakis Emmanuel
Published: September 2022

The direction of the association between discretionary screen time (DST) and sleep in the adult population is largely unknown. We examined the bidirectional associations of DST and sleep patterns in a longitudinal sample of adults in the general population. A total of 31,361 UK Biobank study participants (52% female, 56.1 ± 7.5 years) had two repeated measurements of discretionary screen time (TV viewing and leisure‐time computer use) and self‐reported sleep patterns (five sleep health characteristics) between 2012 and 2018 (follow‐up period of 6.9 ± 2.2 years). We categorised daily DST into three groups (low, <3 h/day; medium, 3–4 h/day; and high, >4 h/day), and calculated a sleep pattern composite score comprising morning chronotype, adequate sleep duration (7–8 h/day), never or rare insomnia, never or rare snoring, and infrequent daytime sleepiness. The overall sleep pattern was categorised into three groups (healthy: ≥ 4; intermediate: 2–3; and poor: ≤ 1 healthy sleep characteristic). Multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to assess associations between DST and sleep with adjustments for potential confounders. Participants with either an intermediate (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.71) or a poor (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.24) sleep pattern at baseline showed higher odds for high DST at follow‐up, compared with those with a healthy baseline sleep pattern. Participants with medium (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.71) or high DST (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.30, 2.00) at baseline showed higher odds for poor sleep at follow‐up, compared with participants with a low DST. In conclusion, our findings provide consistent evidence that a high DST at baseline is associated with poor sleep over a nearly 7 year follow‐up period, and vice versa.
Specific Learning Disability Identification in an RtI Method: Do Measures of Cognitive Ability Matter?
Authors: Hajovsky Daniel B. , Maki Kathrin E. , Chesnut Steven R. , Barrett Courtenay A. , Burns Matthew K.
Published: September 2022

This study examined the extent to which cognitive ability index scores predicted multidisciplinary teams’ (MDT) SLD identification within a response‐to‐intervention (RtI) method after accounting for RtI slope and norm‐referenced achievement scores. Results showed that four achievement composite scores (i.e., basic reading, reading comprehension, math computation, and math problem solving) and two cognitive ability index scores (i.e., crystallized ability, working memory) predicted MDT‐determined SLD, explaining 81% of the variance. The inclusion of academic achievement and cognitive ability index scores predicted MDT‐determined SLD with 90% accuracy; cognitive ability index scores only increased specificity (sensitivity = 95%; specificity = 79%). RtI slope did not predict MDT‐determined SLD, which was a required component of the evaluation.