bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Horn, Hoof and Hound’s Tooth in Medieval Frisian and Danish Law
Authors: Reinders Ann-Kathrin
Published: July 2024

The medieval Frisian Twenty-four Land-laws and the Danish Law of Scania share an eye-catching phrasing in their provisions on animal liability: they refer to a number of animals’ injurious body parts, e.g., a dog’s tooth. Similar formulas have been identified in the Decretum Gratiani and the Edictum Rothari, but the author’s analysis shows that the Frisian and Danish formulas and the legal rules in which they are embedded correspond to a much higher degree than with any other legal source.
Gut microbiome composition and functionality impact the responsiveness to a dairy-based product containing galacto-oligosaccharides for improving sleep quality in adults
Authors: Kortman G.A.M. , Hester E.R. , Schaafsma A. , Mulder J. , Mallee L. , Nauta A.
Published: July 2024

Sleep quality and duration can be impacted by diet, and has been linked to gut microbiota composition and function as the result of communication via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As one strategy to improve sleep quality could be through the modulation of the gut microbiome, we assessed the effects of a dairy-based product containing whey protein, galacto-oligosaccharides, tryptophan, vitamins and minerals after a 3 weeks intervention on gut microbiota composition and (gut-brain related) functions on basis of 67 healthy subjects with moderate sleep disturbances. Associations of the gut microbiota with sleep quality and with response/non-response to the treatment were revealed by shotgun metagenomics sequencing of faecal DNA samples, and subsequent analyses of microbiota taxonomy and generic functionality. A database of manually curated Gut-Brain Modules (GBMs) was applied to analyse specific microbial functions/pathways that have the potential to interact with the brain. A moderate discriminating effect of the DP treatment on gut microbiota composition was revealed which could be mainly attributed to a decrease in Pseudomonas resinovorans, Flintibacter sp. KGM00164, Intestinimonas butyriciproducens, and Flavonifractor plautii. As interindividual variance in microbiota composition could have given rise to a heterogenous responsiveness of the subjects in the intervention group, we zoomed in on the differences between responders and non-responders. A significant difference in baseline microbiota composition between responders and non-responders was apparent, showing lower Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and higher Faecalibacterium prausnitzii relative abundances in responders. The findings provide leads with respect to the effectiveness and potential underlying mechanisms of mode of action in sleep improvement that could support future nutritional interventions to aid sleep improvement.
Somali discontinuous coordinate structures with a focus on conjunct hyperbaton in poetry
Authors: Orwin Martin
Published: July 2024

Noun phrase coordination in Somali is expressed by the conjunction iyo to create a single coordinate noun phrase. This is well documented. What has not been documented are instances of the conjunction iyo without a conjunct immediately adjacent to one or the other side of it. In this article I consider such cases. Some are discontinous coordinate constructions in which the conjunct following iyo is not present immediately after the conjunction but occurs later, with other words intervening. I suggest two main types of such cases: conjunct hyperbaton and insertion of an adverbial or discourse marker. Another use of iyo, one in which there is no conjunct immediately before the conjunction, and only one immediately following it at the end of a sentence, is also discussed. This is the case of afterthought, and I suggest that these cases occur only at the end of a main clause. The main focus of the article is on conjunct hyperbaton, which I suggest only occurs in poetry. Some implications of this are discussed in the final section with respect to the Coordinate Structure Constraint (Ross, 1967) as well as aesthetics.
Demokratia: Will the Greek Ideal Work in Greece’s Favour to Return the Parthenon Marbles under International Law?
Authors: Bursey Lauren
Published: July 2024

This article reviews the recent publications concerning the centuries-old dispute over the Parthenon Marbles. The discussion focuses on the application of international law to the question of the return of the Parthenon Marbles to Greece, and reviews Professor Catharine Titi’s book The Parthenon Marbles and International Law, with reference to and comparison with Alexander Herman’s book The Parthenon Marbles Dispute. This review specifically evaluates the question of whether there is a customary international law on the return of unlawfully removed cultural heritage, which would require States, and specifically the United Kingdom, to be bound to such a rule. The existence of this rule would strengthen the efforts of Greece to argue for the return of the Marbles, which Titi argues is best resolved through diplomacy, and not recourse to the European Court of Human Rights or the International Court of Justice. Despite a growing global discussion about the need for repatriation of colonial-looted cultural objects, it remains to be seen whether it will have any impact, or indeed put pressure on, the Trustees of the British Museum or the UK Parliament which must pass an act to deaccession the Marbles from the national collection.
Safeguarding the Vulnerable
Authors: Balarabe Kasim
Published: July 2024

This article explores the critical issue of detainee protection in the complex landscape of contemporary non-international armed conflicts and counterterrorism operations. It examines the interplay between international humanitarian law and international human rights law, highlighting the challenges in their application and interpretation. The article delves into the contemporary challenges faced in protecting detainees, including the involvement of non-state armed groups, extraterritorial detention practices, administrative detention, and the impact of counterterrorism measures. It proposes a multifaceted approach to enhancing detainee protection, encompassing strategies for strengthening compliance with the legal framework, addressing the specific needs of vulnerable groups, and promoting best practices and capacity-building. The article argues that a comprehensive and contextualised approach, grounded in the principles of humanity and human dignity, is essential to effectively safeguard the rights and well-being of detainees in these challenging contexts.
Glycal Forte® (calcium-stabilized glycerol), a novel feed ingredient, promotes rumen function in dairy cows
Authors: Venter A.C. , Smith C. , Adams C.A.
Published: July 2024

Good nutritional practices are essential to support the high milk production of modern dairy cows. This requires an active rumen microbial biomass which supplies microbial protein and short-chain fatty acids to the cow. Glycal Forte® (GF) a calcium-stabilised glycerol product, increased microbial biomass in an in vitro gas production study, by some 37%. The efficacy of GF was substantiated in a trial with high-producing dairy cows fed a TMR with or without GF for 28 d. Cows fed GF showed behaviour differences. Chewing was reduced from 710 GF vs 769 for the control (CON) min/d; P=0.01 and they spent more time in an inactive state (429 GF vs 383 CON min/d; P=0.01). There was a statistically significant improvement in feed efficiency with GF (2.19 CON vs 2.34 GF kg ECM/kg dry matter intake (DMI); P=0.03). Feed efficiency has an important bearing on costs and profitability of a dairy operation. Cows fed GF yielded an improved profit of $1.45 per cow per day over 28 d with an ROI of 2.23. Extrapolated to a 100 dairy cow herd for 28 d gave an additional profit of $4,060. Milk yields continued to show benefits for 70 d in milk (DIM) after the GF treatment was stopped, showed a numerical increase in milk yield of 3.2 kg/d. The benefits in rumen function continues after the feeding of GF had ceased. In summary, this trial with high-producing dairy cows was consistent with the in vitro trial data and showed that GF can improve rumen function manifested as less time chewing, more inactive time and most importantly, improved feed efficiency. This has both economic and environmental advantages in that dairy cow productivity can be enhanced solely by nutritional means
No Longer ‘Christian’ Education: Ulama Edupreneurship in Ilorin 1995–2022
Authors: Aliyu Sakariyau Alabi
Published: July 2024

Due to its Christian roots, western education in Nigeria was initially resisted by Muslims as Judeo-Christian agenda, despite some acquiescence and appropriation of values of western education for Islamic education system. However, from the mid-1980s, neoliberal economic policies led to decline of government responsibility over education, and by the new millennium, private enterprise had become the major provider of education in Nigeria. The fear of Christianisation through education particularly challenged the Muslims. Socio-economic contingencies and prodding by the Muslim populace encouraged some of the ulama to venture into edupreneurship. Using the infrastructures of the madrasa, they adapted by establishing Western-style nursery/primary schools, running the two systems in the same space but at different times. What are the arguments of these scholars? Using the analytical lens of adaptive position-taking, this paper argues that, apart from the economic benefits, the trend also broadens Muslims’ socio-economic and political agenda.
The Fantastic East: Carnivalesque Public Space and Civil Sphere in Brazilian National Identity Building
Authors: Lima Neto Fernando
Published: July 2024

In this article, I bring together the theory of the civil sphere and the concept of carnivalesque public space to analyze the function of symbols and discourses about the non-Western world in the construction of national identity in Brazil. I argue that the carnivalesque public space contributes to broadening and reinforcing solidarity in the civil sphere by de-nationalizing national identity. The orientalist representations that took place in Salvador’s carnival consolidated the “oriental” imaginary as an important dimension of the incipient national identity building process, as well as highlighted the ambivalences and discontinuities of the mosaic of symbolic references associated to it. This fantastic representation of the East corresponded to a particular expectation of meaning: the aesthetic contours of the national-popular boundaries in Brazil and its sense of belonging. The article analyses how national identities are created through symbolic references that are both within and beyond its own borders.
Biased Suspension of Judgment
Authors: Sherman Brett
Published: July 2024

According to Thomas Kelly, traditional skeptical arguments can be conceived in terms of bias. The main aim of this paper is not to challenge Kelly’s conclusions, but rather to draw some interesting consequences from them. Specifically, in addition to cases of biased judgments, which draw the ire of the skeptic, there are also cases of biased suspension of judgment. By examining cases of racially biased suspension of judgment and comparing them to cases of skepticism, I argue that we can help to uncover the mechanism that underlies the skeptic’s accusation of bias. In particular, I aim to show that it is the conclusiveness of one’s evidence, rather than the likelihood of the possibility at issue, that matters to the skeptic.
Psychological Reflections in the Philosopher’s Mirror: Comments on Thomas Kelly’s Bias: A Philosophical Study
Authors: Celniker Jared B. , Ballantyne Nathan
Published: July 2024

In this brief commentary, we offer thoughts on Thomas Kelly’s Bias: A Philosophical Study. We focus on the book’s relevance to the study of cognitive biases, including Kelly’s discussion of naïve realism (in the psychologists’ sense). While we are largely enthusiastic about Kelly’s theorizing, we also provide some pushback against his notion of emergent biases. We hope that psychologists will engage with Kelly’s work and might consider how some philosophical refinements could improve the empirical study of biases.
Maritime Security and the Wind: Threats and Risks to Offshore Renewable Energy Infrastructure
Authors: Bueger Christian , Edmunds Timothy
Published: July 2024

Offshore wind energy production has seen a significant expansion in recent years. With technologies rapidly improving and prices dropping, it is now one of the key instruments in the green energy transition. The implications of offshore wind farm expansion for maritime security and ocean governance have, so far, received sparse attention in the literature. This article offers one of the first thorough analyses of the security of offshore wind farms and related installations, such as underwater electricity cables, energy islands, and hydrogen plants. The technical vulnerabilities of wind farm systems is reviewed and threats from terrorism, crime and State hostilities, including physical and cyber risk scenarios, are discussed. The expansion of green offshore energy production must keep pace with the changing threat landscape that follows from it. Prospective solutions for the protection of wind farms systems, including surveillance, patrols and self-protection are discussed. The current repertoire of maritime security solutions is in many ways capable of dealing with the threats and risks effectively if adjusted accordingly. The analysis builds important new bridges between debates in energy security and maritime security, as well as the implications of climate change adaption and mitigation for security at sea.
Redefining International Law Paradigms: Charting Cybersecurity, Trade, and Investment Trajectories within Global Legal Boundaries
Authors: Qian Xu
Published: July 2024

This paper critically examines the evolving intersections of cybersecurity, trade, and investment within the framework of international law, thereby seeking to redefine its normative paradigms. The article adopts a multidisciplinary approach, integrating legal theory, international relations, and cyber law to analyze how digital security issues intersect with global economic transactions. Utilizing doctrinal legal analysis, the article delves into international treaties, case law, and policy documents, while a comparative method highlights variances and similarities across jurisdictions. The article identifies significant gaps in existing international legal frameworks that are ill-equipped to address the complexities and nuances of the digital age. It advocates for comprehensive legal reforms, encompassing cyber warfare, digital trade, and cross-border investments. The objective is to align international law with the digital era’s realities, effectively balancing national security, economic growth, and individual rights in a globally interconnected environment. This article not only uncovers critical shortcomings in current legal structures but also proposes forward-looking legal strategies, essential for tackling emerging challenges at the cybersecurity, trade, and investment nexus. These strategies chart a course towards a more resilient and adaptive international legal system, equipped to address the multifaceted issues arising from the digital era’s convergence.
Performance of different rice genotypes cultivated under submergence and normal growing conditions
Authors: Sinha Sweta , Singh Shaurya , Singh Mahesh Chand , Singh Digvijay , Kumar Yogendra
Published: July 2024

Submergence negatively affects the plant growth and yield of rice genotypes, which in turn results in huge financial loss. Thus, identification of submergence tolerance rice genotypes is needed for sustainable rice cultivation in flood-prone areas. Keeping this in view, a two-year (2019 and 2020) field study was undertaken at Rice Research Farm of Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur to investigate and compare the yield responses of rice genotypes under submergence and normal growing conditions. Twenty-five days old seedlings of 25 rice genotypes were transplanted in a randomized complete block design in two replicates, which were allowed to grow under normal practice for the next 25 days. Thereafter, the 50-day old plants were completely submerged with turbid water of 1.5 m height for the next 18 days. After de-submergence, all the recommended agronomic practices were adopted during the rest of the crop period. Under submergence, higher grain yield was recorded under all the genotypes during 2020 as compared to 2019 mainly due to higher temperature and lesser rainfall during 2020. Under submergence conditions, Jalmagna, Nona Bokra and Swarna Sub 1 were the best performers having produced average yields of 3,167, 2,786 and 2,741 kg/ha, respectively. Whereas under normal growing practice, Swarna Sub 1, Jalmagna and Sudha were the first three best performing genotypes producing average yields of 5,063, 4,565 and 4,456 kg/ha, respectively. Therefore, Jalmagna should be preferred for cultivation in the flood-prone regions of the state, however in non-flooded areas; Swarna Sub 1 may be cultivated.
Pyotr Kostromitinov’s wood collection from Fort Ross: evidence of the early botanical exploration of northern California
Authors: Kuznetsova Ksenia N. , Stepanova Anna V. , Kotina Ekaterina L. , Oskolski Alexei A.
Published: July 2024

Systematic attribution of the wood samples collected in 1830 by Pyotr Kostromitinov, the Manager of Fort Ross, a Russian settlement on the Pacific coast of northern California, has been carried out. As some wood samples belong to the taxa that had not been described at the time of their collection, their labels provide interesting evidence for the first steps of botanical exploration of an exotic flora by the Russian colonists who were not professional naturalists. Particularly, Garrya has been recognized by them as Viburnum, Lyonothamnus as Arbutus, and Torreya as Taxus. In contrast, different species of Ceanothus have been referred not only to this genus, but also to Rhamnus and Laurus. The meanings of some Russian vernacular plant names mentioned in the published historical documents have been clarified. For instance, lavr (laurel) was used not only for California laurel Umbellularia californica, but also for some Ceanothus species (probably C. velutinus). The reference of the vernacular name chaga to Sequoia sempervirens has been confirmed. Unlike most early wood collections, Pyotr Kostromitinov’s samples are made of thin stems and branches with no conspicuous surfaces showing their wood appearance. Such pieces are hardly suitable for demonstration of aesthetic or technical properties of timber. Pyotr Kostromitinov’s samples likely represent one of the earliest cases of collecting wood as objects of particular interest for botany and, more generally, for natural history. It was an important novelty for the 1830s, as the botanical exploration of woods did not have any sufficient conceptual background in those times.
What do we know about the needle xylem structure of the genus Pinus?
Authors: Gebauer Roman
Published: July 2024

Studies of needle xylem structure (NXS) are of importance in understanding the survival, and functioning of conifers, particularly in response to environmental stressors. Herein, I review the current state-of-the-art about the NXS of genus Pinus, focusing on the xylem, tracheid, and pit structure. Genus Pinus is one of the most important and widely distributed genera of forest trees in the Northern Hemisphere. Pine species are adapted to different soil types and extreme environments imposed by elevation and latitude. They grow successfully in the boreal forest, the Mediterranean Basin, and in mountains. The importance of NXS for long-distance water transport in trees is discussed and the relationships between xylem structure and function are highlighted. Little is known about the NXS of pines, as such information was available only for 12 pine species. Moreover, current knowledge about the NXS of pines is mostly based on Pinus sylvestris L., especially regarding the effect of environmental conditions on NXS. So far, tracheid pit structure has been investigated in only one study. Although NXS is also significantly influenced by tree age, the position of needles within the crown, as well as the location of the cross-section along the longitudinal axis of the needle, a detailed needle sampling design is often missing. Hence, it is suggested to extend future studies to other pine species to explain their resistance to drought and cold. Additionally, increasing the number of studies on adult trees and distinguishing between the different types of environmental stress that a tree can face during its life cycle would be beneficial. I strongly appeal to precise description of needle sampling, which will allow us both intraspecific and interspecific comparisons. Increasing knowledge about the NXS of pines will help to better explain their resistance to environmental stress and predict their tolerance to future climate change.
Forever an Isolated Caste? ‘Mainstreaming’ of Repatriate Care in General Dutch Bodies of Social Work, 1960–1967
Authors: Rosen Jacobson Liesbeth
Published: July 2024

The policy strategy of ‘mainstreaming’ is now common within Dutch diversity policy: it means newcomers are to make use of generic provisions meant for the population as a whole. The idea is that this leads to faster integration. According to the literature, the move to ‘mainstreaming’ started in the 1990s. In this article, I argue that ‘mainstreaming’ already occurred in the policies for ‘repatriates’ (migrants from Indonesia) in the 1960s, when their care was transferred from specialised organisations to general bodies of social work. From 1950 onwards, a network of Protestant, Catholic and neutral associations for repatriate care was created. By analysing documents from this network and from the Ministry of Social Work, I argue that the ‘mainstreaming’ of repatriate care can be explained by looking at the influence of social work experts, in combination with the influence of elaborate research reports on the degree of integration of the repatriates.
The Significance of the Mean in the “Wuji” Section of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips
Authors: Cao Feng
Published: July 2024

The “Wuji” section of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips offers great insight into the pre- modern Chinese philosophical landscape. At the heart of this section lies the concept of zhong (mean), which is intricately woven into the fabric of the tiandao (the way of Heaven) and the rendao (the way of man). This concept is reflected in the “wuji” and the “wude,” embodying the pinnacle of political principles and the ideal outcome of governance. The notion of the mean transcends traditional Confucian values such as zhong (loyalty) and xin (trustworthiness), encompassing qualities of centrality, equality, justice, impartiality, and abundance. It is revered as an absolute and sacred principle, serving as both a coveted goal and the most effective means to achieve it. To fully grasp the implications of “the mean” in the “Wuji” section of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips, a fresh examination of received texts such as the Yizhoushu, Analects, Guanzi, and Heguanzi, as well as excavated texts like the “Baoxun” and “Xinshi weizhong” of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips, and the Huangdi sijing of the Mawangdui Silk Texts, is warranted.
Performance of Hermetia illucens reared on pure, mixed, and sequentially mixed organic wastes regionally available in central Argentina
Authors: Picco R. , Rinaudo K. , Pascual N.T. , Schwab L. , Luna A. , Salvo A.
Published: July 2024

Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) are proficient decomposers of organic matter. We compared experiments with local substrates containing: domestic residues (DR), and brewery wastes (BW) in pure form, or mixed with in two different proportions (BW70 or BW30), and two sequential diets in which larvae were fed first DR and then BW (DR/BW) or vice versa (BW/DR). The effects of the diets on life cycle parameters for mass production of H. illucens larvae were evaluated using general linear mixed models, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis. The pure DR diet significantly prolonged the developmental period (47.8 days), although the pupal stage was shorter in larvae fed on this diet (13.8 days). Larval survival was similar between treatments (over 85%), but pupal survival tended to be higher in the mixed diets (over 96%). Larval weights differed significantly between treatments, with mixed diets promoting greater weight gains than pure and sequential diets. Larvae fed a DR/BW diet gained more weight than those fed a BW/DR diet. The highest mean larval weights (0.23 g) were observed in the mixed diet BW70, followed by the sequential diet DR/BW (0.22 g). Mixed diet BW70 also resulted in larger wings and bodies in both sexes. Sequential diet BW/DR and pure diet DR resulted in the smallest adult sizes. Sex ratios varied, favouring male emergence (1.8 M:0.2 F) in pure diet DR and in both sequential mixed diets (1.7 M:0.3 F and 1.3 M:0.7 F, respectively). This study highlights the importance of higher total protein plus carbohydrate concentrations in diets for optimal larval rearing, favouring mixed diets BW70. Carbohydrate-rich substrates should be provided earlier in the cycle to benefit larval and adult performance. Locally available waste vegetable or fruit peels, brewery waste, and spent yerba mate proved to be viable substrates for larval rearing, providing economic and environmental benefits for H. illucens rearing.
Age and calorific restriction impact immature black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) thermal tolerance and preference
Authors: Li C. , Addeo N.F. , Rusch T.W. , Chappell T.M. , Tarone A.M. , Tomberlin J.K.
Published: July 2024

Thermal tolerance and preference are traits commonly considered when mass-producing farmed animals as temperature impacts production. In this study, the impact of age and calorific restriction of immature black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) on associated thermal tolerance and preference was examined. Both age (7-d-old for young larvae and 14-d-old for old larvae) and calorific restriction (led to size differentiation, small for calorific restriction and large for non-restriction) within a given stage influenced thermal tolerance (i.e. KR50) and thermal preference. Results indicate the interaction between age and calorific restriction was significant on both larval and prepupal thermal tolerance but not thermal preference. Median heat tolerance KR50 ranged from 46.4 °C (large, old prepupae) to 48.4 °C (large, young larvae). Median cold tolerance KR50 ranged from 21.6 °C (small, young larvae) to 32.1 °C (small, old larvae). Young larvae preferred median temperatures ∼3.0 °C greater than old larvae. Large larvae preferred median temperatures ∼2.0 °C lower than small larvae. Results from this study indicate ontogeny (i.e. stage of development) and calorific restriction have significant impacts on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference. Precise regulation of temperature in an industrial setting is necessary for optimal batch production of the black soldier fly (e.g. survival) and for colony maintenance (e.g. prepupae producing adults and potentially eggs). The same can be said with regards to maintaining consistent age and calorific restriction of immatures produced within each batch as variation in such traits impacts thermal tolerance and preference (e.g. survival to harvest for producing protein or adults for colony) as well. The methods and temperatures used in this study could serve as a foundation for developing standard operating procedures for regulating temperatures experienced by black soldier fly larvae industrially produced.
Bacillus thuringiensis serovar morrisoni biovar tenebrionis impact and persistence in Tenebrio molitor larvae
Authors: Savio Carlotta , Herren Pascal , Rejasse Agnès , van Loon Joop J.A. , Nielsen-Leroux Christina
Published: July 2024

The yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.; Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) has been proposed during the last decade as a suitable insect species for feed and food production. The inclusion of by- and side-products of cereal and vegetable production in the feed of yellow mealworm increases the probability of exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis sv. morrisoni biovar tenebrionis (Btt), an entomopathogen used in the biological control of coleopteran pest species. The lack of studies on effects of Btt spores and toxin on T. molitor in mass-rearing systems led us to explore its effect on survival and growth of larvae and its persistence in larvae and in frass. Larvae of different body weight (3, 5, 10 and 40 mg) were exposed by free feeding for 72 hours to a range of Btt spore – crystal concentrations spiked to wheat bran (WB). Susceptibility to the entomopathogen was concentration-dependent and linked to the larval body weight, larvae of higher weight being less susceptible. Growth and feed conversion ratio of survivors showed significant impact for low-weight larvae while less or no effect was recorded for larvae having higher weight. Btt was still recovered from larvae and frass 14 days after feeding with non-contaminated WB, indicating a certain level of persistence in the tested conditions, on alive 40-mg larvae, implying a potential risk in T. molitor mass rearing.
Insect cuisine: transitioning from a novel snack to a dinner staple
Authors: Kinyuru John , Ndung’u Nancy
Published: July 2024

This editorial advocate for the use of edible insects as a viable solution to concerns about food security and sustainability. Despite their nutritional benefits, insects are relegated to novelty snacks due to cultural aversion and a lack of familiar food formats. If a shift in consumer perceptions is to be achieved, both education on insect nutrition and the promotion of appealing insect-based dishes through culinary innovation are required. Furthermore, establishing clear regulations for insect farming and processing is crucial for building trust among consumers. The editorial emphasizes collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and the food industry to ensure edible insects become a more accepted and sustainable choice for dinner.
Entomophagy in the Benin republic, new opportunities for mass-rearing of edible insects
Authors: Fassinou F.T.K. , Ganta R.S.E. , Hintènou M.V. , Sohounnon M. , Bokonon-Ganta A.H. , Vissin E.W. , Crabeck S. , Gosselin M.
Published: July 2024

Despite the long-standing tradition of insect consumption in Africa, there are few publications describing their geographical distribution, diversity, availability and consumption practices in the Benin republic. The present study investigated the geographical distribution of edible insects, but also the frequencies of insect citation and consumption across ten phytogeographical zones (PGZ) of the Benin republic. A survey involving 1,267 participants was conducted through focus group discussions (FGDs) and individual interviews, covering one district in each PGZ. The study identified 22 edible species from six different orders: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea, and Orthoptera. These species are primarily available during the rainy season and are typically collected using traditional methods. They are consumed in various forms, including roasted, fried, boiled, or raw, depending on the developmental stages. Based on the frequencies of cited edible species, the most cited was established for each PGZ, and a shortlist of 12 species was identified for all PGZs. For each five most cited edible species, the frequency of insect consumption was associated, allowing for the selection of species to promote for mass rearing. This frequency, which is generally low for most edible species, varies according to the species and the PGZ concerned. Brachytrupes membranaceus, Cybister spp., Gryllus bimaculatus, Gymnoproctus sculpturatus, Ornithacris turbida cavroisi, Rhynchophorus phoenicis and Zonocerus variegatus were identified as candidates for promotion in the Benin republic. This study showed that a variety of edible species exist in the Benin republic, but most are rarely consumed. For better promotion of these insects as food, future studies are needed to investigate the mass rearing and/or consumer perception of these promotable edible species.
Britain’s Last Colonial War
Authors: Mockaitis Thomas R.
Published: July 2024

The United Kingdom fought its last colonial war in South Arabia (1963 t0 1967) during a pivotal era of waning economic strength, rising Arab nationalism, and growing anticolonialism. Determined to retain Britain’s international status, the Macmillan government considered military facilities in Aden essential to projecting power east of Suez. This article argues that policy decisions taken from 1937 onwards increased the likelihood of a nationalist insurgency and made countering it at an acceptable cost extraordinarily difficult. The British never devised a comprehensive strategy, responding to threats on an ad hoc basis. Contrary to what some scholars insist, South Arabia neither confirmed the failure of the British approach nor heralded a new era of counterinsurgency. The conflict was a political failure, not a military defeat.
The Establishment of a Regional Court in Southeast Asia to Combat Environmental Issues
Authors: Ramalingam Sheila
Published: July 2024

Regional arrangements for dispute resolution are sanctioned under Article 52 of the United Nations Charter. Following therefrom, the regions of Europe, America and Africa have set up regional courts for the resolution of all kinds of disputes between respective Member States, including for human rights issues. In the Southeast Asian region, despite the setting up of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on 8 August 1967, there has yet to be any concrete form of a binding dispute resolution mechanism. In recent times, environmental issues have been given due recognition by their elevation onto the human rights platform in many international conventions, and also crafted into the constitutions of many countries around the world. Against this background, this article explores the viability of establishing a regional court for Southeast Asia. The research finds that the establishment of a regional court in Southeast Asia is necessary, not only to tackle transboundary pollution issues between Member States, but also as a forum of last resort by individuals or groups within Member States which have yet to recognise environmental rights as human rights.
Twenty Years of the European Association of Taiwan Studies (eats)
Authors: Fell Dafydd , Rawnsley Ming-yeh T. , Cockel Isabelle
Published: July 2024

This report maps out the evolution of the European Association of Taiwan Studies over the last 20 years. Collaboratively authored by two former secretaries-general and the current office holder, the authors trace the Association’s short history and express their gratitude to all colleagues and friends who have contributed to its work. Furthermore, they reflect on how the Association has enriched and expanded the scope of Taiwan studies across Europe.
When Crisis Unfolds: Relative Deprivation and Populist Attitudes in Hungary
Authors: Tóth Tamás , Lantos Dorottya
Published: July 2024

The demand side of populism has been in the scope of social scientists since the early 2010s. Since then, ample scholarly evidence has suggested that populist attitudes are strongly tied to the feeling of relative deprivation. Our study’s focal point revolves around the above findings and focuses on Hungary, a country where populism flourishes. This study analyses the possible connections between the populist attitudes of Hungarian citizens and their feelings of relative deprivation using a representative sample (n = 994). Regression analyses revealed that relative deprivation is a significant predictor of populist attitudes in Hungary regardless of age, sex, and education.
Opposing the Sexual Violence of Gender Oppression
Authors: Taylor Dianna
Published: July 2024

Beauvoir considers counterviolence to be a necessary and ethical response to fascism and colonialism. Because gender oppression is grounded in and reproduced through sexual violence, gender oppression functions similarly to fascism and colonialism. This article therefore makes a case for feminist use of counterviolence to combat gender oppression and the sexual violence upon which it relies.
Existential Patriarchy
Authors: Reed Corey
Published: July 2024

How does patriarchy affect one’s conception of personal freedom? Patriarchy raises this existential question, not just for women but for other identities such as marginalized men. Using Simone de Beauvoir’s thoughts on patriarchy and existentialism, the author argues that an existential framework for patriarchy gives greater insight into the ways patriarchy is interconnected with other oppressions, affects marginalized men and others who do not identify as women, and alters people’s conception of choice as they engage the world.
Resurrection as Vindication
Authors: Paroschi Keldie
Published: July 2024

The resurrection and the hope of Israel have been acknowledged as the raison d’être of Paul’s trial in Acts. However, what has intrigued scholars is why Luke seems to portray Paul as focusing on general Jewish expectations regarding the resurrection of the dead in his defense speeches when the point of contention appears to be Jesus’s resurrection. This article argues that the narrative of Acts seeks to vindicate Paul not only through the rhetorical strategy of claiming continuity between Paul and Jewish resurrection traditions, but also by portraying Paul as a faithful Jew who exemplifies the hope of Israel in his own life, thereby adding a personal dimension to the role of Jesus’s resurrection as vindication for Paul’s claims of faithfulness.
المنامات بصفتها طريقةً لنقل المعرفة الدينيّة في أعمال ابن بشكوال (‫494–578‬/1101–1183) الزهديّة
Authors: دي لا بوينتي كريستينا
Published: July 2024

المستخلص

‫تشير الأدلّة الوثائقيّة إلى عمليّة نقل المنامات في الغرب الإسلاميّ بدءًا من نهاية القرن الخامس/الحادي عشر وبداية القرن السادس/الثاني عشر. وقد ذكر المحدِّثون السُّنّة هذه المنامات في جوامع الحديث النبويّ وعدّوها وسيلة إضافيّة لنقل المعرفة الدينيّة. يدرس هذا المقال المنامات في عملين من أعمال الزهد التي وضعها ابن بشكوال القرطبيّ (ت ‫578‬/1183)، وهما كتاب القربة إلى ربّ العالمين بالصلاة على محمّد سيّد المرسلين، وهو نصّ موجز يتناول موضوع الصلاة على النبيّ، وكتابه الآخر الشامل والمنوّع كتاب الفوائد المنتخبة والحكايات المستغربة. يُدرج الكاتب منامات مختلفة ضمن الأحاديث والأخبار التي ينقلها من الشرق، ويُعنى هذا المقال بدراسة هذه المنامات وتصنيفها بعناية استنادًا إلى أغراضها: منامات ملهِمة، ومنامات كاشفة، ومنامات مشرِّعة. ينظر المقال كذلك في الجانب الشكليّ للمنامات والأحداث العجائبيّة التي تأتي على ذكرها. فيُبيّن، من جهة، النهجَ المعتمَد ومحتوى بعض أعمال تبجيل النبيّ؛ ومن جهة أخرى، يثبت أنّ هذا النوع من أدب الزهد لم ينتشر بين الصوفيّة فحسب، ولكن بين المحدِّثين السُّنّة أيضًا وإن لم يكونوا يُظهرون ميلًا إلى التصوّف.‬
A Twelfth-Century Handbook of Byzantine Canon Law
Authors: Morton James
Published: July 2024

This article examines the twelfth-century manuscript BAV Vat. gr. 2198 and its contents in light of new research in the field of Byzantine legal history. This codex is most notable for containing a canon law collection known as the Synthesis of the Nomocanon, attributed to “the monk John, the son of the Sebastokrator.” After first introducing the physical details of the manuscript and its history of ownership, the article then lays out the evidence for the identification of John with Adrian Komnenos, nephew of the emperor Alexios I. It next provides a detailed study of the structure and purpose of the Synthesis of the Nomocanon, arguing that it was an attempt to create a practical handbook of canon law that would allow readers to quickly look up canons on particular themes while also being able to check the historical context in which the canons were issued. Lastly, it also surveys the contents of the manuscript’s extensive appendix and offers some general conclusions about the significance of John’s Synthesis within the broader landscape of Komnenian canon law scholarship.
The Sense of Social Imaginaries?
Authors: Tsilipakos Leonidas
Published: July 2024

In this piece I reflect on Christoforos Bouzanis’ book, Social Imaginary and the Metaphysical Discourse, discussing its main contribution to the issue of social science’s relation to philosophy and examining Bouzanis’ concept of social imaginary as an imagery, raising questions of sense.
The Saudi Epistolary Novel: A Study in the Formation and Transformation of a Literary Genre
Authors: al-Bakr Fahd bin Ibrahim
Published: July 2024

The importance of the topic of this article lies in the fact that it is so rarely explored in the context of the Arabic novel and almost never in that of the Saudi novel, except for passing references. The article aims to clarify the concept of the epistolary novel—that is, the novel based on letters—and its earliest roots. It seeks to establish a concept of the Saudi epistolary novel and its value in Arabic fiction, highlighting the earliest Saudi examples and their impact on the Arabic novel in general. It also discusses some of the functions that the letter plays in a novel and observes the recent development of the Saudi epistolary novel, which has facilitated its openness to the new literature.
Between Chaos and Coherence – Attribution Tests in the Practice of International Investment Tribunals
Authors: Kajtár Gábor
Published: July 2024

This article analyses how investment tribunals apply attribution standards in their case practice. Attribution standards as applied by investment tribunals will be assessed in two different categories. First, the article will survey how tribunals apply traditional attribution tests, which originally refer to establishing internationally wrongful acts, as defined under Articles 4, 5 and 8 of ARSIWA. Second, the article will examine how attribution tests are applied and defined in so called non-traditional attribution scenarios, such as in the context of establishing the jurisdiction of arbitral tribunals, the applicability of the umbrella clause, certain declarations of the state (right of representation in the field of estoppel), as well as certain issues relevant to decide about the state’s involvement in private contracts in situations of corruption. The article ultimately presents a plea for nuanced application for attribution standards under different attribution scenarios instead of the automatic application of ARSIWA attribution standards.
Descriptions of Four New Species of the Genus Peritropis Uhler (Miridae, Cylapinae) from Brunei Darussalam
Authors: GORCZYCA JACEK , WOLSKI ANDRZEJ , CHÉROT FRÉDÉRIC , DAMKEN CLAAS , WAHAB RODZAY  A. , TASZAKOWSKI ARTUR
Published: July 2024

Four new species of Peritropis Uhler, 1891 (P. ahmadsahae new species., P. gorczycai new species., P. ubdiber new species, and P. wolskii new species) are described from Brunei. Scanning electron micrographs of selected structures and images of the adults of the new species are provided. Illustrations of female genitalia of P. ahmadsahae new species and male genitalia of P. gorczycai new species, P. lugubris Poppius, 1909, P. ubdiber new species, and P. wolskii new species as well as dorsal habitus photographs of P. lugubris, P. poppiana Bergroth, 1918, and P. similis Poppius, 1909 are given.
Morphological and phylogenetic appraisal of a new Kirschsteiniothelia (Dothideomycetes, Kirschsteiniotheliales) species from Yunnan Province, China
Authors: MENG QING-FENG , THIYAGARAJA VINODHINI , WORTHY FIONA RUTH , ERTZ DAMIEN , WANG XIN-YU , JAYAWARDENA RUVISHIKA S. , FU SHAO-BIN , SAICHANA NATSARAN
Published: July 2024

Kirschsteiniothelia is a saprotrophic genus that occurs in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. This study introduces a novel species of Kirschsteiniothelia, discovered on the bark of Abies fabri, collected from Yunnan Province, China, and named K. laojunensis. The identification was established through a combination of molecular analyses and morphological characteristics. Kirschsteiniothelia laojunensis is characterized by its large subglobose to globose, black perithecia, clavate, 8-spored asci, fusiform asymmetric ascospores, which are hyaline when immature and become greenish to brown at maturity. This discovery marks the first occurrence of Kirschsteiniothelia on tree bark, with some lichen thallus tissue surrounding the base of the perithecia. Detailed morpho-molecular characterization along with a synopsis table for the genus are provided.
Morphology of Neoheegeria dalmatica Schmutz, 1909 (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) larvae—their diagnostic characteristics
Authors: KUCHARCZYK HALINA , KUCHARCZYK MAREK , SAJ IZABELLA
Published: July 2024

This paper presents morphological description and images of the larval instars of Neoheegeria dalmatica as well as observations on its life cycle and relationships with host plants in a temperate climate. It also compares characteristics of the second larval instar with those of Haplothrips verbasci, i.e. a species previously placed in the genus Neoheegeria. The main characteristic that differentiates the larvae of both species is, among others, the sculpture of their cuticle, which is smooth in H. verbasci and covered by dense microtrichia in N. dalmatica.
Updated checklist of the order Thysanoptera in Colombia
Authors: EBRATT-RAVELO EVERTH , CASTRO-AVILA ANGELA , GOLDARACENA-LAFUENTE ARTURO
Published: July 2024

We present here the first comprehensive checklist of Thysanoptera in Colombia. This study is based on a literature review, examination of specimens deposited in museums, and fieldwork conducted from 2012 to 2018 across various agroecosystems in the Andean, Caribbean, and Orinoco regions. Our study reports 38 new records of Thysanoptera for Colombia, bringing the total number of documented species to 183.
Rhetorical entrapment in international negotiations: A new pathway and mechanisms
Authors: Berge Tarald Gulseth , Kuyper Jonathan W
Published: July 2024

Rhetorical entrapment plays a key – but often overlooked – role in the theory and practice of international relations. In this article, we develop a new pathway and mechanisms of rhetorical entrapment. Our key argument is that current literature has focused too much on normative forms of rhetorical entrapment. Although insightful, this misses empirical forms of rhetorical entrapment. Drawing on Habermasian theory, we suggest that normative and empirical validity claims give rise to alternate pathways and mechanisms of rhetorical entrapment: the normative pathway encapsulates framing, identity and legitimacy; whereas the empirical pathway is mediated by information, reputation and trust. To explore this theoretical argument, we engage in a plausibility probe of international investment agreement negotiations. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with various state negotiators, we find that empirical rhetorical entrapment is pervasive. We document this pathway and mechanisms. We conclude by developing the broader causal and normative implications of our argument.