bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of the p34 Protein of African Swine Fever Virus as a Novel Viral Antigen with Protection Potential
Authors: Zhang Xin , Guan Xiangyu , Wang Qiuxia , Wang Xiao , Yang Xiaoke , Li Shuwen , Zhao Xiao-Tian , Yuan Mengqi , Liu Xingyou , Qiu Hua-Ji , Li Yongfeng
Published: December 2023

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), affecting domestic and wild boars. The polyprotein pp220 of ASFV is responsible for producing the major structural proteins p150, p37, p14, p34, and p5 via proteolytic processing. The p34 protein is the main component of the ASFV core shell. However, the immunologic properties of the p34 protein in vitro and in vivo remain unclear. The results showed that the recombinant p34 protein expressed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes could react with convalescent swine sera to ASFV, suggesting that p34 is an immunogenic protein. Significantly, anti-p34 antibodies were found to inhibit the replication of ASFV in target cells. Furthermore, rabbits immunized with the recombinant C-strain of classical swine fever virus containing p34 produced both anti-p34 humoral and cellular immune responses. In addition, the p34 protein could induce a cell-mediated immune response, and a T-cell epitope on the p34 protein was identified using immunoinformatics and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELIspot) assay. Our study demonstrates that the p34 protein is a novel antigen of ASFV with protective potential.
Modeling Supply and Demand Dynamics of Vaccines against Epidemic-Prone Pathogens: Case Study of Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: Guttieres Donovan , Diepvens Charlot , Decouttere Catherine , Vandaele Nico
Published: December 2023

Health emergencies caused by epidemic-prone pathogens (EPPs) have increased exponentially in recent decades. Although vaccines have proven beneficial, they are unavailable for many pathogens. Furthermore, achieving timely and equitable access to vaccines against EPPs is not trivial. It requires decision-makers to capture numerous interrelated factors across temporal and spatial scales, with significant uncertainties, variability, delays, and feedback loops that give rise to dynamic and unexpected behavior. Therefore, despite progress in filling R&D gaps, the path to licensure and the long-term viability of vaccines against EPPs continues to be unclear. This paper presents a quantitative system dynamics modeling framework to evaluate the long-term sustainability of vaccine supply under different vaccination strategies. Data from both literature and 50 expert interviews are used to model the supply and demand of a prototypical Ebolavirus Zaire (EBOV) vaccine. Specifically, the case study evaluates dynamics associated with proactive vaccination ahead of an outbreak of similar magnitude as the 2018–2020 epidemic in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The scenarios presented demonstrate how uncertainties (e.g., duration of vaccine-induced protection) and design criteria (e.g., priority geographies and groups, target coverage, frequency of boosters) lead to important tradeoffs across policy aims, public health outcomes, and feasibility (e.g., technical, operational, financial). With sufficient context and data, the framework provides a foundation to apply the model to a broad range of additional geographies and priority pathogens. Furthermore, the ability to identify leverage points for long-term preparedness offers directions for further research.
Introduction of the Hepatitis B Vaccine—Birth Dose: Methods of Improving Rates in a Milieu of Vaccine Hesitancy
Authors: Belle Jarvis Shivon , Fenton-Lee Tessy , Small Sinéad
Published: December 2023

The hepatitis B virus is a public health threat, chronically infecting over 240 million persons worldwide. The hepatitis B vaccine is 90% effective in preventing perinatal transmission if the first dose is given within the first 24 h of life, followed by a minimum of two subsequent doses. Antigua and Barbuda instituted a hospital-based birth dose vaccination policy in October 2021. Data were extracted from hospital logbooks from November 2021 to October 2022, and a database was created. Frequency distributions of the hepatitis B birth dose, barriers to administration, and maternal and healthcare system factors were analyzed. The positive maternal HBsAg prevalence rate was 0.6%. The timely and total birth dose coverage was 72% and 81%, respectively. In total, 10.5% of parents refused the vaccine, of which 76% either felt uncomfortable or preferred to wait. Moreover, 100% of hepatitis B-exposed babies were vaccinated, with 83% of them receiving the Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin. Barriers to vaccine administration included vaccination hesitancy, gaps in knowledge of medical staff, and the inconsistent vaccination supply. Instituting a quality improvement team, health information system, robust educational efforts, and addressing barriers will make achieving the WHO programmatic targets of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B by 2030 possible.
Oral Administration of Cancer Vaccines: Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Gambirasi Marta , Safa Amin , Vruzhaj Idris , Giacomin Aurora , Sartor Franca , Toffoli Giuseppe
Published: December 2023

Cancer vaccines, a burgeoning strategy in cancer treatment, are exploring innovative administration routes to enhance patient and medical staff experiences, as well as immunological outcomes. Among these, oral administration has surfaced as a particularly noteworthy approach, which is attributed to its capacity to ignite both humoral and cellular immune responses at systemic and mucosal tiers, thereby potentially bolstering vaccine efficacy comprehensively and durably. Notwithstanding this, the deployment of vaccines through the oral route in a clinical context is impeded by multifaceted challenges, predominantly stemming from the intricacy of orchestrating effective oral immunogenicity and necessitating strategic navigation through gastrointestinal barriers. Based on the immunogenicity of the gastrointestinal tract, this review critically analyses the challenges and recent advances and provides insights into the future development of oral cancer vaccines.
In Vitro Effect of Eucalyptus Essential Oils and Antiseptics (Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Povidone-Iodine) against Bacterial Isolates from Equine Wounds
Authors: Pimenta José , Dias Carla , Cotovio Mário , Saavedra Maria José
Published: December 2023

Considering the increasing antibiotics resistance, there has been a propensity to replace them with antiseptics when it comes to wound management and treatment. Nevertheless, in recent years, there have been reports regarding resistance to antiseptics by some bacterial strains. There is also concern about the environmental impact of these substances. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptics and eucalyptus essential oils on bacterial strains from horse’s wounds. We used twelve Escherichia coli, eight Staphylococcus aureus, two Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, one Staphylococcus vitulinus and one Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains from equine wounds. The effect of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil, Eucalyptus globulus essential oil, povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate against the isolated strains was evaluated applying the Kirby-Baüer method. Regarding the Escherichia coli strains, E. radiata and the mixture of E. radiata and E. globulus had a better inhibitory effect than antiseptics. E. globulus had a better effect against most Staphylococcus spp. compared to E. radiata. For both Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains tested, chlorhexidine gluconate had a better inhibitory effect than povidone-iodine. The antibacterial efficacy of essential oils highlights their potential to substitute or complement the use of antiseptics and so reduce resistance to antiseptics.
Optimization of Injection Methods in the Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation Process by Using a Field Scale Numerical Model
Authors: Wang Lingxiang , Shao Huicao , Yi Can , Huang Yu , Feng Dianlei
Published: December 2023

Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a promising, more eco-friendly alternative method for landslide prevention and foundation reinforcement. In this study, we investigated the optimization of injection methods within the MICP process in porous media to enhance calcite mass and consolidation effect. The results demonstrated that staged injections with considerable advantages significantly improved precipitated calcite mass by 23.55% compared with continuous injection methods. However, extended retention times in staged injections reduced reinforcement effects. Moreover, setting the additional time in all injection methods can improve the consolidation area and effect without added injections. Apart from the injection methods, the changes in porosity and substance concentration also directly affected calcite masses and the reinforcement effect. Both the total calcite mass and the reinforcement effect should be taken into account when selecting appropriate injection methods. In terms of influencing factors on the total calcite mass, substance concentration ≫ average porosity ≫ additional time > retention time in staged injection. For the consolidation effect, substance concentration ≫ retention time in staged injection > average porosity ≫ additional time. The 5 h retention time in staged injections was recommended as the optimum injection method in the geotechnical conditions for average porosity from 0.25 to 0.45, with the changes in different reactant concentrations.
Modeling Spring Maize Grain Filling under Film Mulching and Nitrogen Application in a Cold and Arid Environment
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhang Hengjia , Yu Shouchao , Zhou Chenli , Chen Xietian , Teng Anguo , Lei Lian , Li Fuqiang
Published: December 2023

The grain-filling process is a key stage in ensuring a high yield of maize. Nitrogen is one of the nutrient elements most essential for maize, especially in cold and arid areas. To evaluate the effects of plastic-film mulching and nitrogen application on the maize grain-filling process, the impact of different plastic-film mulching (degradable plastic film, J; common plastic-film mulching, P) and nitrogen fertilizer levels (0 kg·ha−1, N0; 160 kg·ha−1, N1; 320 kg·ha−1, N2; 480 kg·ha−1, N3) on maize grain-filling characteristic parameters and final 100-kernel weight were tested in 2021 and 2022. The results showed that the interaction between film mulching and nitrogen application significantly (p < 0.05) affected the filling characteristic parameters and final 100-kernel weight of maize. The final 100-kernel weight was highest at the N2 nitrogen application level, which was 7.69–38.13% higher under degradable plastic-film mulching and 3.17–38.06% higher under common plastic-film mulching than at other levels. The nitrogen application level significantly (p < 0.05) increased grain-filling duration and rate. The duration time in reaching the maximum grain-filling rate under the N2 nitrogen application level was around 1.1967–5.7835 d under degradable plastic-film mulching and 2.8688–8.1704 d under the common plastic-film mulching, with the maximum and average grain-filling rate increased by 0.0595–0.2063 g·d−1 and 0.0447–0.1423 g·d−1 under degradable film mulching and 0.1418–0.3058 g·d−1 and 0.1082–0.2125 g·d−1 under common film mulching, respectively. The nitrogen application levels of N2 and N3 under two plastic-film mulching methods prolonged the duration of the rapid and slow increase period of grain filling and increased the grain-filling rate and the average rate. The average grain-filling rate at the N2 level increased by 0.0469–0.1759 g·d−1 and 0.0090–0.0454 g·d−1 under degradable film mulching and 0.1113–0.2581 g·d−1 and 0.0203–0.0648 g·d−1 under common film mulching, respectively. Therefore, common plastic film mainly prolonged the duration of the gradual increase period of grain filling and increased the grain-filling rate; meanwhile, the effect of degraded plastic film on the grain-filling rate increase and prolonging of the grain-filling duration was gradually highlighted during the rapid and the slow period of increase. In addition, the 320 kg·ha−1 of nitrogen application level under both common plastic-film mulching and degradable-film mulching was more conducive to prolonging the grain-filling duration of maize, which increased the grain-filling rate and 100-kernel weight, laying a foundation for a high yield of maize.
Effects of Floating Debris on Flow Characteristics around Slotted Bridge Piers: A Numerical Simulation
Authors: Mohammad Ali Nezhadian Damoon , Hamidifar Hossein
Published: December 2023

Bridge pier scouring is a significant concern in hydraulic engineering, requiring thorough investigation under various conditions to estimate maximum scour depth and mitigate the risk of bridge failure. This study aims to conduct a numerical simulation of flow around a bridge pier with slots in the presence of floating debris, with the objective of analyzing variations in parameters such as velocity, shear stress, turbulent intensity, and turbulent kinetic energy. The FLOW−3D software package (Version 11), along with the k−ε (RNG) turbulence model, was employed for the simulation. The results indicate that the presence of a slot in the bridge pier provided a smooth pathway for the flow, resulting in a reduction in the pressure gradient and alleviating the negative impacts on the flow. This, in turn, led to a decrease in the velocity of the flow. Additionally, turbulence intensity around the pier ranges between 0 and 49, while turbulent kinetic energy varies from 0 to 0.005. The findings reveal that models without slots exhibit higher turbulence and vorticity levels, as well as greater flow separation, compared to models with slots. This disparity can be attributed to the slot’s ability to neutralize detrimental lateral and downward flows. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a gradual decrease in shear stress as the flow approaches slotted bridge piers, accompanied by a reduction in vortex intensity. These findings suggest that the accumulation of floating debris can counteract the influence of slots in reducing scour around bridge piers, necessitating thorough consideration during the design phase.
Health Risks Associated with the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Sediment, Water, and Carp Reared in Treated Wastewater from a Slaughterhouse
Authors: Pelić Miloš , Mihaljev Željko , Živkov Baloš Milica , Popov Nenad , Gavrilović Ana , Jug-Dujaković Jurica , Ljubojević Pelić Dragana
Published: December 2023

The use of purified slaughterhouse wastewater in carp ponds, and the use of wastewater from the pond for the irrigation of agricultural fields, was the basis for the construction of an integrated system of agricultural production as a sustainable solution for the food and fish production industries. The negative side of such integrated production systems is the concern related to the safety of fish meat produced in such a system. The aim of this research was to determine the concentration of heavy metals and metalloids in the wastewater from the slaughterhouse, in the pond water and sediment, in the carp tissue and in the water leaving the pond, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated system and the safety of the produced fish. Sampling was carried out in spring and autumn. The mean concentrations in all water samples (µg/L) were: As (12–125), Cd (0.12–4.2), Hg (1.14–14.21), Pb (<0.1–17.2), Cu (<0.1–44.6), Fe (17.02–425.2) and Zn (2.91–186.2), with the highest numbers in the wastewater, where it was above the prescribed limit values for the wastewater discharged from the slaughterhouses into natural recipients in both samplings. The efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant for heavy metals and metalloids was very high, in the range of 87% to 98%. The water from the pond corresponded to class 3 in terms of the concentration of heavy metals and metalloids both in spring and autumn, and can be used freely for breeding cyprinid fish species. The water from the irrigation canal corresponded to class 2/3 and can be used for irrigation. The mean concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids in the sediments (mg/kg) were: As (3.00–4.88), Cd (0.16–0.96), Hg (0.21–1.47), Pb (0.77–2.29), Cu (49.60–60.90), Fe (3.94–5.32) and Zn (92.8–115.20). The content of heavy metals in different organs of carp differed significantly depending on the season. The trend of heavy metal accumulation in common carp muscles in spring was: Zn > Fe > Cu > Pb > Hg > Cd > As, and in autumn: Zn > Fe > Cu > Pb > As > Cd > Hg. Metal concentrations in the examined fish samples were far below the WHO guidelines. It can be concluded that carp produced in a pond supplied with purified wastewater from the slaughterhouse industry, in terms of the concentration of residues of the tested heavy metals and metalloids, is safe for human consumption.
Obstacle Avoidance Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Vehicles on Urban Roads Based on Gaussian Pseudo-Spectral Method
Authors: Li Zhenfeng , Wu Xuncheng , Zhang Weiwei , Yu Wangpengfei
Published: December 2023

Urban autonomous vehicles on city roads are subject to various constraints when changing lanes, and commonly used trajectory planning methods struggle to describe these conditions accurately and directly. Therefore, generating accurate and adaptable trajectories is crucial for safer and more efficient trajectory planning. This study proposes an optimal control model for local path planning that integrates dynamic vehicle constraints and boundary conditions into the optimization problem’s constraint set. Using the lane-changing scenario as a basis, this study establishes environmental and collision avoidance constraints during driving and develops a performance metric that optimizes both time and turning angle. The study employs the Gauss pseudo-spectral method to continuously discretize the state and control variables, converting the optimal control problem into a nonlinear programming problem. Using numerical solutions, variable control and state trajectories that satisfy multiple constraint conditions while optimizing the performance metric are generated. The study employs two weights in the experiment to evaluate the method’s performance, and the findings demonstrate that the proposed method guarantees safe obstacle avoidance, is stable, and is computationally efficient at various interpolation points compared to the Legendre pseudo-spectral method (LPM) and the Shooting method.
Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en comunidades rurales: análisis de competencias informacionales y analfabetismo digital
Authors: Iman Zambrano Selena Maritza , Morales Intriago Juan Carlos
Published: December 2023

Este estudio se enmarca en el contexto del uso de tecnologías de la información y comunicación y el desarrollo de competencias informacionales, fundamentales para el acceso, análisis, evaluación y utilización adecuada de recursos de información para la transformación digital de la sociedad. El objetivo de la investigación se centró en analizar el nivel de competencias informacionales y el grado de analfabetismo digital en las comunidades rurales. El diseño metodológico de la investigación fue de tipo descriptivo con un enfoque cualitativo. Como método, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda y revisión sistemática del estado del arte, vinculada a instrumentos de medición de competencias y analfabetismo digital, basándose en las estadísticas del INEC 2022 y el análisis de los datos validados en la investigación de los autores García, Martínez y Rodríguez, utilizando el cuestionario IL-HUMASS de 26 ítems. Tras completar el análisis de los resultados, se elaboró un informe detallado que determinó que las causas del analfabetismo digital se relacionaban principalmente con el nivel educativo y el grado de escolaridad de los usuarios, además de identificarse otros factores como el género y la etnia. En conclusión, el conocimiento adquirido proporcionó una perspectiva matizada sobre el uso desigual de las TIC, la falta de competencias informacionales y la participación de la sociedad cada vez más digital, como un medio para desenvolverse en los diferentes ámbitos que permiten el desarrollo de actividades económicas, culturales, políticas y sociales.
The vision of society as a target for improving managerial relations
Authors: Винслав Ю.Б.
Published: December 2023

Охарактеризованы особенности экономики современного капитализма. Определены негативные тенденции западной либеральной рыночной модели. Обоснована актуальность разработки видения будущего России как основы совершенствования системы национального стратегического планирования. Проведен анализ позиций различных экспертов по проблеме видения российского социума. Сформулированы методологические требования к проектированию данного видения. Подчеркнуто, что данная модель должна иметь прогрессивный, а не регрессивный характер. Рекомендован ряд ключевых характеристик общесистемного видения как ориентира для принятия стратегических решений. Общесистемное видение должно увязываться с новой экономической моделью развития. Систематизированы недостатки, присущие действующей в стране экономической модели. Предложен ряд направлений совершенствования управленческих отношений, реализующих требования модернизации отечественной экономики.

The features of the economy of modern capitalism are characterized. The negative trends of the Western liberal market model are identified. The relevance of developing a vision of the future of Russia as a basis for improving the system of national strategic planning is substantiated. The analysis of the positions of various experts on the problem of the vision of Russian society is carried out. Methodological requirements for the design of this vision are formulated. It is emphasized that this model should be progressive, not regressive. A number of key characteristics of the system-wide vision as a guideline for strategic decision-making are recommended. The system-wide vision should be linked to the new economic model of development. The disadvantages inherent in the current economic model in the country are systematized. A number of directions for improving managerial relations that implement the requirements of modernization of the domestic economy are proposed.
The oil industry in the Russian economy: dynamics, development prospects
Authors: Лапин А.В.
Published: December 2023

В статье приводится анализ функционирования российской нефтяной отрасли в условиях внешних воздействий со стороны недружественных государств. Рассматриваются макроэкономические показатели за прошедшие пять лет, отраслевые показатели в контексте нефти и нефтепродуктов. Цель статьи — проанализировать государственное управление в нефтяной отрасли и его влияние как на внутренний, так и на внешний рынок нефти и нефтепродуктов. Материалы и методы. Методологическую основу статьи составили статистические методы, методы анализа и синтеза для рассмотрения устойчивого развития нефтяной отрасли, системный и структурно-функциональный подходы для анализа государственного регулирования по развитию нефтяной отрасли России и рынка нефти и нефтепродуктов. Результаты. Представлен анализ ключевых показателей развития экономики России в 2018–2022 годы, результаты деятельности нефтяной отрасли, роли государства для устойчивого развития нефтяной отрасли и рынка нефти и нефтепродуктов. Выводы. Дана объективная оценка устойчивого развития экономики России, а также тенденции развития нефтяной отрасли, до сих пор вносящей существенный вклад в пополнение доходной части бюджета. Применение. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы органами публичной власти для государственного регулирования рынка нефти и нефтепродуктов и государственной политики развития нефтяной отрасли.

The article provides an analysis of the functioning of the Russian oil industry in the conditions of external influences from unfriendly states. The macroeconomic indicators for the past five years, industry indicators in the context of oil and petroleum products are considered. The purpose of the article is to analyze public administration in the oil industry and its impact on both the domestic and foreign markets of oil and petroleum products. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the article consists of statistical methods, methods of analysis and synthesis for considering the sustainable development of the oil industry, systemic and structural-functional approaches for analyzing state regulation on the development of the Russian oil industry and the oil and petroleum products market. Results. The analysis of key indicators of the development of the Russian economy in 2018–2022, the results of the oil industry, the role of the state for the sustainable development of the oil industry and the oil and petroleum products market is presented. Conclusions. An objective assessment of the sustainable development of the Russian economy is given, as well as the trends in the development of the oil industry, which still makes a significant contribution to the replenishment of the revenue side of the budget. Application. The results obtained can be used by public authorities for state regulation of the oil and petroleum products market and state policy for the development of the oil industry.
DIGITAL APPLICATION OF LIFESTYLE PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR PREDIABETES
Authors: Setiawan Ridwan - , Karjatin Atin Karjatin , Herdianta Dhimas
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Prediabetes is a condition characterized by blood glucose levels higher than normal values but below blood glucose levels. Diabetes mellitus is a very significant global health problem today, where the prevalence in the three countries is highest in the world, namely Chin==a (48.6 million), the United States (36.8 million), and Indonesia (27.7 million), and collectively equal one third of the prevalence of prediabetes in the world. The potential for using program technology combining interactive mobile computing, remote monitoring, so that the use of digital applications will make it easier to make lifestyle changes for prediabetes by being able to be applied using smartphone devices which are currently used in daily life in the Bandung city area.

Method: this research is experimental research, d The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D) or development research. using the ADDIE model approach by designing an Android-based digital application for lifestyle changes for prediabetes.

Objectives: To obtain a digital application for lifestyle changes in prediabetes in the Bandung City area.

Result:  Analysis of media needs is divided into 5 aspects, namely design, material, language, illustrations and typography used on smartphones. Design of materials used to create software or a software program that can be run via smartphone regarding prediabetes screening. The development received an assessment by material experts of 73% with feasible criteria and by media experts of 77% with very feasible criteria. Implementation showed that the number of respondents who gave a very easy assessment of the Prediabetes application was 73.53%, while the manual instrument was 26.67%. The Prediabetes evaluation showed that all respondents using the Prediabetes application had correct results, while using manual instruments there were still 2.97% who entered incorrectly. that the Prediabetes application has good accuracy and faster filling time.

Conclusion: analysis of the location of letters and images in the middle of the media, software design smartphone screening, Development is suitable for use, Implementation is easy to implement, Evaluation has good accuracy and charging time is faster.
Decolonialidade & Educação: esperançar em tempos de perplexidade
Authors: Lacerda de Sá Rubens , Jônatas da Silva Chaves Pedro
Published: December 2023

A obra que lhes entregamos é um convite para conversarmos sobre o desenho e a manutenção da estrutura da pensée unique, tributária das filosofias cartesiana e kantiana. Nossa meta não é a construção de fortalezas invioláveis para o combate às recolonialidades contemporâneas, pois entendemos que a porosidade, a maleabilidade e a elasticidade são imprescindíveis para que as ontologias, axiologias, epistemologias e metodologias sejam banhadas por fontes e sentidos plurais e possam servir de contraponto às imprecisões das certezas. Por conseguinte, ao longo desta obra propomos discussões, debates e reflexões intensas e profundas que nos ajudam a pensar a opção decolonial através de diferentes lentes ópticas que se ajustam à necessidade de mitigação das vicissitudes modernas. Esperamos igualmente não fazer vistas grossas aos muitos pontos cegos da plataforma decolonial para que possamos, reconhecendo-os, realinha-los.
Nuevos aportes sobre Lope Vázquez Pestaña: comerciante pionero, informante impensado y capitán experimentado del Río de la Plata (fines del siglo XVI - principios del XVII)
Authors: Nakashima Roxana
Published: December 2023

A través del análisis de relatos de viajes, actas protocolares, correspondencia oficial, informaciones de méritos y servicios y otros documentos, se agregan datos para completar la biografía del portugués Lope Vázquez Pestaña, quien es considerado como el primer comerciante de esclavos del Río de la Plata. Asimismo, se identifica su presencia en la colección de relatos de viajes que publicó Richard Hakluyt, en donde aparece como informante sobre la suerte de distintas expediciones inglesas a la América española.

Se trata así, a partir de un caso específico, de contribuir al estudio de la presencia portuguesa en la región del virreinato del Perú a fines del siglo XVI y principios del XVII, y a la identificación de las fuentes que Hakluyt pudo haber utilizado y editado para realizar su colección.
Movimientos Estudiantiles durante la Guerra Fría Latinoamericana. Una revisión situada de análisis locales, comparados y transnacionales
Authors: Pis Diez Nayla , Seia Guadalupe
Published: December 2023

Este trabajo busca interrogar y sistematizar miradas sobre la actuación estudiantil durante tres décadas de la historia reciente latinoamericana (1960, 1970 y 1980), en momentos diferentes de la Guerra Fría. La producción sobre el sujeto estudiantil atravesó un auge durante los años sesenta y setenta; y si durante los ochenta se consideró que el movimiento estudiantil perdía centralidad, las resistencias frente a las políticas neoliberales sobre la educación superior reavivaron las reflexiones sobre el actor a nivel internacional. En ese marco, el desarrollo y la consolidación de la Historia Global y el enfoque transnacional estimularon la producción de estudios sobre los movimientos y la protesta estudiantil. Sobre estos despliegues nos interrogamos: ¿Qué se ha dicho desde los “centros” sobre el student power? ¿Y desde América Latina? ¿Es posible establecer ejes de comparación entre casos regionales y nacionales? ¿Qué límites y qué potencias tienen las perspectivas transnacionales y comparativas? Proponemos como tesis analítica la importancia de recuperar dos elementos propios de nuestra geografía: por un lado, las tradiciones político-organizativas universitarias, resignificadas a lo largo del siglo XX como la herencia de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918; y, por otro, las historias sociopolíticas locales, atendiendo a la mediana y larga duración.
Reseñas
Authors: Graña Taborelli Mario , Telesca Ignacio , Martínez Ignacio , Vicens María , Motura Nicolás , Freijomil Andrés G. , Uzain Elian Rodolfo
Published: December 2023

Mario Graña Taborelli, Ignacio Telesca, Ignacio Martínez, María Vicens, Nicolás Motura, Andrés G. Freijomil, Elian Rodolfo Uzain.
Los rituales de Camioneros La producción de la legitimidad del sindicato desde una perspectiva etnográfica
Authors: Llamosas Gabriela
Published: December 2023

En este artículo me propongo describir y analizar una serie de eventos que organizó el sindicato de Camioneros durante el año 2018, con el objetivo de mostrar que estos tienen aspectos ritualizados cuya función principal es la de generar adhesión al sindicato y a sus dirigentes. Sostengo que en la realización de estos eventos se producen relaciones que son fundamentales en la representación sindical porque son espacios que hacen a la vida interna del sindicato: festejos, conmemoraciones, actos solidarios, entre otros. A lo largo del artículo analizo cómo se enlazan estos eventos ritualizados con la capacidad del sindicato de construir representación: muestro cómo la producción de la legitimidad del sindicato y de sus dirigentes es clave para comprender su capacidad de negociación y de movilización. El análisis y la descripción de estas situaciones adquieren sentido en la medida en que se relacionan con la capacidad de los dirigentes de representar a los trabajadores camioneros.
Espacios culturales, políticas públicas y trayectorias personales en barrios populares. El caso de la Casa de la Cultura, Villa 21-24, Barracas
Authors: Steinberg Lionel
Published: December 2023

En este trabajo es analizada una política cultural que implicó la construcción de un centro cultural por parte de la entonces Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación, en la villa más grande la ciudad de Buenos Aires. A partir de un enfoque etnográfico, se buscó dar cuenta de la complejidad de vínculos sociales que hicieron posible y configuraron esta iniciativa llevada adelante por el Estado, así como las percepciones de algunas de las personas que estuvieron involucradas en el proceso o que lo evaluaron en tanto beneficiarias. La indagación aporta una nueva mirada sobre el funcionamiento del Estado ante una política pública de corte cultural destinada a mitigar la situación de marginalización en un barrio popular.
Los modos de pedir y las tramas de la reproducción de la vida
Authors: Villagrán Andrea
Published: December 2023

En este artículo se reflexiona acerca de la relación entre política y sectores populares a partir de una exploración etnográfica que vincula el pasado y presente en una localidad rural de la región del los Valles Calchaquíes, provincia de Salta, norte de Argentina. Se indagan las formas de acceso a los recursos y bienes elementales para la reproducción de la vida y las relaciones sociales implicadas en ello. El análisis interrelaciona la desarticulación del sistema de trabajo residencial de las fincas vitivinícolas, las formas tradicionales de acceso a la tierra y la vivienda con el proceso de formación de las tramas de estatalidad a nivel municipal. Se toman dos momentos, los años 1970-80 y 2019-2020 y dos vías etnográficas de tratamiento: las tramas sociales de la implementación del primer plan de viviendas sociales en la localidad de Animaná (departamento San Carlos) y las interacciones envueltas en torno a las “ayudas” y “asistencias” municipales. Las estrategias metodológicas complementan el trabajo de campo en terreno, -la observación y registro de situaciones cotidianas y la realización de entrevistas en períodos distintos a múltiples actores sociales-, con el análisis de documentos administrativos y fuentes escritas de origen institucional.
Construyendo un patrimonio acaudalado a través de registros notariales y conocimiento público
Authors: Mansilla Judith
Published: December 2023

En 1681 los oficiales de la Real Audiencia de Lima secuestraron una chacara en el Valle de la Magdalena, como parte de los bienes de don Sebastián de Navarrete, contador de la Caja Real de Lima, por orden del monarca. Unas semanas después, el arrendatario y el nuevo dueño de la propiedad demandaron su restitución alegando que nunca había pertenecido al contador sino a su hija doña Silvestra, quien la obtuvo por compra y donación de una parienta. La consecuente investigación para determinar a quién pertenecía dicha finca puso al descubierto el minucioso proceso que el contador Navarrete elaboró para justificar un estilo de vida lujoso, que excedía a su salario. Apoyado por un extenso círculo de allegados, Navarrete forjó el conocimiento público de un patrimonio acaudalado empleando registros notariales y difundiendo su contenido, lo cual le permitió evadir cuestionamientos a sus labores en la caja real, al menos temporalmente.
Mapa de actores para la lectura de cartas e informes: la Expedición Lista (1886-1887)
Authors: Ortiz Maximiliano
Published: December 2023

La expedición al norte y este de la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego comandada por Ramón Lista (1886-1887) se dio en un contexto de creciente interés por parte del capital internacional, de instituciones religiosas y el Estado nacional argentino sobre las superficies inexploradas del archipiélago fueguino. Para abordar los documentos producidos por el comandante y el capellán de la expedición realizamos un mapeo que nos permitió pensar en los actores sociales involucrados, directa e indirectamente, en la empresa exploratoria y los intereses diversos que atravesaron su realización. En este artículo nos proponemos detallar las actividades seguidas para el análisis de los documentos y explorar las posibilidades que presenta la elaboración de mapas de actores para la lectura de cartas e informes de expedición producidos a finales del siglo XIX, a partir del caso presentado.
Reseña sobre: 500 años de la Conquista de México. Resistencias y apropiaciones, de Valeria Añón (coord. 2022)
Authors: Sánchez Laura Gabriela
Published: December 2023

Reseña sobre el libro 500 años de la Conquista de México. Resistencias y apropiaciones,  coordinado por Valeria Añón (2022), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CLACSO, (381 págs.).
Egiptología iberoamericana: balance y perspectivas
Authors: Campagno Marcelo
Published: December 2023

¿De qué hablamos cuando hablamos de una egiptología iberoamericana? Semejante interrogante se compone de dos núcleos: uno apunta hacia la egiptología como disciplina; el otro a Iberoamérica como contexto específico. Por un lado, el último cuarto de siglo fue testigo de una tendencia a la consolidación de la egiptología practicada en los países del ámbito hispano y luso-parlante. Esa consolidación implica que las cuestiones egiptológicas se acercan en ellos a las que pueden plantearse en los países con mayor tradición egiptológica. En este contexto, dos sub-ejes para una discusión posible son los que ponen el foco en la dimensión académica (la capacidad de la egiptología para interactuar con otras disciplinas) y en la dimensión social (su relevancia más allá del campo académico). Por otro lado, hay un plano que apunta directamente a Iberoamérica: ¿hay algo que distinga a una egiptología iberoamericana de otras egiptologías practicadas en otras regiones? Una vez más, se abren dos posibles sub-ejes: uno se refiere a la doble cara de la tarea de los egiptólogos de habla hispana y portuguesa con respecto a sus audiencias; el otro apunta a una cuestión de identidad, que se basa en una cierta conciencia de pertenencia que puede favorecer perspectivas distintas a las de los países centrales.
Una calle de necrópolis del Periodo Tardío en Asasif Sur
Authors: Molinero Polo Miguel Ángel , Martín Flores Alfonso
Published: December 2023

En la campaña de 2021/2022, la Misión Arqueológica de la Universidad de La Laguna documentó una superficie explanada artificialmente al sur del patio de la TT 209 (Luxor, Egipto). Medía 19,5 m de longitud y 3,50 m de anchura media y se apoyaba en la cara externa del pilono que da acceso a la tumba en toda su longitud conservada. Esta superficie ha sido interpretada como una calle en dirección este-oeste que debía de articular el área circundante de la necrópolis. Al menos otra tumba, frente a la entrada de la TT 209, tenía también su acceso conectado con esta vía. El artículo presenta este fragmento nuevo del viario de la necrópolis tebana, su evolución diacrónica –con varias fases relacionadas con la construcción, el uso y el paulatino desmoronamiento de los muros exteriores de la TT 209– así como la instalación cultual para ceremonias de ofrendas que se conservaba frente a las dos tumbas que se abren hacia la calle. Por último, se discute la contextualización del hallazgo en el marco del interés reciente por las vías de comunicación en el paisaje ritual de la necrópolis tebana.
Elogio faraónico de la crueldad: la representación de emociones en imágenes de guerra y posguerra del Reino Antiguo
Authors: Gayubas Augusto
Published: December 2023

En el capítulo primero de su obra póstuma Vom Kriege (1832), el militar prusiano Carl von Clausewitz señaló que “si la guerra es un acto de fuerza, las emociones están necesariamente involucradas en ella” (Libro I, 1.3). Este enunciado estaba orientado a pensar las acciones y decisiones de los actores dispuestos a ejercer la violencia sobre grupos antagonistas, pero también adquiere sentido en la consideración de las experiencias sociales e individuales de quienes son derrotados en conflictos bélicos. En el antiguo Egipto, la iconografía se caracteriza por la habitual omisión de toda manifestación de emoción en los rostros de los personajes representados. Sin embargo, algunos indicios de reacciones emocionales pueden ser reconocidos, ya sea por la inclusión de inscripciones epigráficas o por las posturas corporales de los personajes retratados. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar en las imágenes de situaciones bélicas y posbélicas del Reino Antiguo (c. 2686-2181 a.n.e.) formas de representar la relación entre guerras y emociones, y en particular el sufrimiento humano involucrado en la actividad militar, y reflexionar sobre la concepción estatal egipcia acerca del impacto emocional de la guerra.
National and Provincial Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in Iran; A Systematic Analysis of 12 Years of STEPS Experience
Authors: Shahmohamadi Elnaz , Yousefi Moein , Mohammadi Esmaeil , Ghanbari Ali , Shaker Elaheh , Azadnajafabad Sina , Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Rezaei Negar , Mohammadi Fateh Sahar , Foroutan Mehr Elmira , Rahimi Saral , Effatpanah Mohammad , Jamshidi Hamidreza , Farzadfar Farshad
Published: December 2023

Background: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for six of the eight leading causes of death. Despite the great burden, there is lack of data regarding the trend of cigarette smoking in Iran. We described the national and provincial prevalence of cigarette smoking and its 12-year time trend utilizing six rounds of Iranian stepwise approach for surveillance of non-communicable disease (STEPS) surveys. Methods: We gathered data from six STEPS surveys done in 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, and 2016 in Iran. To estimate the data of missing years, we used two separate statistical models including the mixed model and spatio-temporal analysis. Results: The overall prevalence rate of cigarette smoking was 14.65% (12.81‒16.59) in 2005 and 10.63% (9.00‒12.57) in 2016 in Iran. The prevalence of cigarette smoking in 2005 and 2016 was 25.15% (23.18‒27.11) and 19.95% (17.93%‒21.97%) for men and 4.13% (2.43‒6.05) and 1.31% (0.06-3.18) for women, respectively. The prevalence of smoking in different provinces of Iran ranged from 20.73% (19.09‒22.47) to 9.67% (8.24‒11.34) in 2005 and from 15.34% (13.68‒17.12) to 6.41% (5.31‒7.94) in 2016. The overall trend of smoking was downward, which was true for both sexes and all 31 provinces. The declining annual percent change (APC) of the prevalence trend was -2.87% in total population, -9.91% in women, and -2.08% in men from 2005 to 2016. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of smoking had a decreasing trend in Iran, this trend showed disparities among sexes and provinces and this epidemiological data can be used to modify smoking prevention programs.
Frequency and Underlying Causes of Alloimmunization Against Red Blood Cell Antigens in Patients Referred to the Blood Bank of the Tertiary Referral Hospital of Tehran from 2018 to 2020
Authors: Salarvand Samaneh , Moeini Nasab Samira , Abdollahi Alireza , Nozarian Zohreh , Nazar Elham
Published: December 2023

Background: Alloimmunization against blood group antigens is an important non-infectious complication of blood transfusion, and early detection of these alloantibodies by antibody screening before transfusion is crucial. Identifying which underlying factors will affect the occurrence of alloimmunization will be necessary to manage this event as accurately as possible. We aimed to assess the prevalence rate and main determinants of RBC alloimmunization among patients referred to a large referral blood bank in Iran. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients referred to a blood bank at Imam Khomeini Hospital between October 2018 and September 2020. Information was collected by referring to the archives of the hospital information system as well as the documents recorded at the blood bank ward and reviewed by two pathologists and completed documents. Results: In total, 39270 cases were cross-matched. Accordingly, the frequency of alloimmunization cases was equal to 220 cases, which indicated a prevalence of 0.56%. The most common alloantibodies were anti-K (43.2%, 95% CI: 36.8‒49.5), anti-E (34%, 95% CI: 27.7‒40.5), and anti-C (16.3%, 95% CI: 11.4‒21.4). Among patients with positive alloimmunization, the most common blood groups were blood group B (34.6%), followed by blood group A (34.1%). Most of these patients were Rh-positive (77.3%). In patients with positive alloimmunization, the frequency of hemoglobinopathy was estimated to be 37.7%. Frequent blood transfusions were found in 42.2%, a history of malignancy in 17.3%, graft history in 11.3%, and a history of pregnancy in 35.0%. Conclusion: Alloimmunization was more prevalent and more predictable among patients with hemoglobinopathies and those receiving recurrent transfusions. Therefore, a history of repeated blood transfusions should be regarded as a risk factor contributing to alloimmunization.
Primary Biliary Tract Cancers in Golestan, Iran: 13-Year Experience of Golestan Population-Based Cancer Registry
Authors: Ashkbari Ali , Amlashi Fazel Isapanah , Besharat Sima , Mofidi Mostafa , Amiriani Taghi , Fazel Abdolreza , Alimadadi Mehdi , Salamat Faezeh , Sedaghat Seyyed Mehdi , Livani Somayeh , Bagheri Ali , Semnani Shahriyar , Norouzi Alireza , Roshandel Gholamreza
Published: December 2023

Background: Epidemiological research on the high-risk population might be helpful in early detection and prevention of biliary tract malignancies. This study assesses the prevalence of biliary tract cancer (BTC) in the Golestan province, northeastern Iran, between 2004 and 2016. Methods: The current study used information from the Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR) to access the epidemiology of BTC across a 13-year period while taking into account temporal and geographic differences. The number of cases, crude rates, age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person-years, average annual percent change (AAPC), age-specific incidence rates, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported for each year with respect to gender and place of residence. Results: Totally, 224 instances of BTC overall (54% of whom were females) were reported throughout the research period. The ASR of BTC was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.4‒2) for females and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1‒1.6) for men, respectively. Males exhibited a growing time trend in incidence (AAPC: 7.18; CI: 0.06‒14.81; P-value:0.048), whereas females had a decreasing trend (AAPC: 0.82; CI: -5.94‒4.57; P-value: 0.740). Both sexes saw an increase in age-specific incidence rates starting at the age of 45; however, males experienced a significant increase in incidence in the age group of 75 to 79 while the female rates grew steadily. Conclusion: The focus for cancer control in this region may be given to demographic groups with a combination of risk factors, including male gender, older age, and urban residence.