bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design on Transfer Piping of Molten Metallic Materials for Squeeze Casting
Authors: Min Hao Nian , Shao Ming , Zhang Wen
Published: March 2013

The spout at the connection of the pipe and the chamber is easily clogged when a large amount of molten metal is conveyed to the chamber in squeeze casting for large parts. In order to reduce the chances of clogging and clean up quickly when clogged, a quickly removable pipe is designed. The pipe is heated through thermal conduction by resistance wire, and thermal equilibrium is used to derive the power of heating element. Solid-state regulator is applied to control the heating power. Molten aluminum is conveyed from furnace to chamber using electromagnetic pump. The experiment shows that the molten metal flowing through the pipe is smooth, and the temperature of molten metal can be maintained stability.
Optimized Formulation of APN Toothpaste with Biochemical Materials Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Kong Ting , Zhang Chao Yan , Bao Bin , Sha Long , Wang Zhen , Wu Wen Hui
Published: March 2013

Response surface methodology(RSM) was used to optimize the formulation of one toothpaste with aglycone extracted from Panax notoginseng(APN). Biochemical materials are important components in toothpastes. The addition amount of APN, thickener, different ratios of humectant and friction agent were selected as three factors for the design. Our results showed that the experimental data could be adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model. Addition amount of thickener and humectant : friction agent had a significant effect on the composite score. The optimum formulation for preparing APN toothpaste was predicted to be: APN, 0.12%; thickener, 1.58%; humectant : friction agent, 1.01.
Study on Environmental Materials with Aspergillus niger as Adsorbent for Sequestering Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Xue Wei Na , Peng Yan Bo
Published: March 2013

Mining, smelting, processing, and industrial production emissions of waste heavy metal pollution is serious, and the enrichment of heavy metals, it is difficult to be degraded in the natural environment. Conventional methods for removing metals may be ineffective extremely expensive. not eco-friendly.Based on wastes recycling and circular economy, this thesis studied the characteristics of industrial fermentation waste A.niger as adsorbent for sequestering Pb(II) from aqueous solution. .Optimum biosorption was observed to be 72％ at pH 5.5,biosorbent dose 1.5 mg／L, initial Pb(II)concentration 250 mg／L.A.niger can be used as a new economic and eco-friendly environmental materials of metal adsorption.
Research on the Stability of a Rotor System Based on Mechanics Properties with Application of Floquet Theory
Authors: Wang Feng Lan
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the single disk rotor system with a transverse open crack has been taken as an example; the vibration properties on the system have been discussed theoretically. First, the equations of the motion of this kind of system are established. Then, the conditions, positions and areas of the stable vibrations and the unstable vibrations on the system are studied by applying the Floquet Theory. Finally the influence of several parameters on stability has been discussed.
Study on Stress Strain in UG-Based Fatigue Analysis of Piston Pin
Authors: Wang Hong Ying , Guo Wei
Published: March 2013

Carried on finite element analysis using the UG software to finally carry on the fatigue life’s computational method to carry on the exploration and the research. when carrying on the finite element stress strain analysis to the piston pin, used the different analysis method, because the piston pin’s quality is very slightly oppositeing to the piston quality, produces the force of inertia is very small, the counter stress computed result is not very obvious, therefore to piston pin finite element analysis we uses conventional algorithm that infliction boundary condition.
Study on Kinematic Features of CNC Machine Based on Multi-Body System Theory with Error Modeling
Authors: Peng Er Bao , Zhang Yu Hua , Wang Hong Ying
Published: March 2013

CNC machine, especially CNC milling machine, is the main production equipment in the industries of mechanics, iron and steel, automobile manufacturing and so on. However, the errors are the main constraints to the processing quality and the precision measurement of CNC machine. Based on the multi-body system theory, the article models the error of Siemens CNC milling machine and kinematic. In terms of the analysis of the error model, it is argued that the processing precision of CNC milling machine can be improved through controlling and compensating the error in the process of installation and manufacturing.
Research on Microwave Absorbing Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites Containing Activated Carbon-Fiber Felt Screens
Authors: Ren Jian , Feng Zhen Yu , Zou Tian Chun , Mou Hao Lei
Published: March 2013

Microwave absorbing properties of composites containing activated carbon-fiber felt screens (ACFFSs) have been investigated. Samples with different types of ACFFSs embedded in composites were fabricated. Experiments were carried out to test the absorption effect of embedded ACFFSs. It is found that both the ACFFS patterns and its element configurations are critical for the reflection properties of samples. With the distance between strips and the width of strips in the inductive ACFFS decreased, the absorbing properties of composites are improved. The composite obtains a reflection loss below –10dB in 8~18GHz, which is the frequency range the radar works in, when the distance between strips and the width of strips are 7mm and 5mm respectively. With the side of plates and the distance between plates in the capacitive ACFFS reduced, the absorption effect of composites rises. When the distance between plates and the side of plates are 5mm and 7mm separately, the composite achieves a reflection loss below –10dB over a bandwidth of 8.7GHz and the minimum value of absorption rate reaches –31.7dB.
Thermal Performance Test of the New Sandwich Insulation Composite Wall Panels
Authors: Yang Jian Guo , Wang Gang , Ding Ke Wei
Published: March 2013

This paper research applied to using energy-saving insulation in hot summer and warm winter area of sandwich wall panels, study on thermal insulation thermal insulation property of composite wall panel through 2 sets of thermal performance test, and the test results for comparative analysis with finite element analysis results. The analysis shows that the wallboard is not only good insulation properties, but also to meet the requirements prescribed by the state building energy-saving insulation and hot summer Cold Winter areas of building energy-saving insulation requirements.
Study on Power Delivering in Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Sun Ping , Yu Xiu Min , Dong Wei
Published: March 2013

The equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is a method to reduce the global minimization problem to an instantaneous minimization problem to be solved at each instant. The adaptive ECMS is a development of ECMS in which the equivalence factors are not pre-coded, but rather calculated online. The equivalence factors, their optimal value, which minimizes the cost function while maintaining the vehicle substantially charge sustaining, depends on the specific driving cycle. The method proposed in this paper is one of the most important simplifications for actual real time implementation of A-ECMS and power delivering in energy management for HEV. The charging factor can be calculated if the discharging factor is calculated in the experiment for real time. And only a subset of (charging and discharging factors) generates a trend close to zero which indicates charge-sustainability.
Design of the Impedance Measurement Instrument in Electrical Engineering Based on Phase-Sensitive Detector
Authors: Zhai Yu Wen , Liu Wei , Yang Xiao
Published: March 2013

The design of impedance measurement instrument in electrical engineering based on phase-sensitive detector is introduced. The orthogonal vector measuring circuit based on phase-sensitive detector is employed in this design. The microprocessor C8051F410 is used to output the detecting signal and execute the control, calculation and display during the measurment process. The impedance measurement instrument has been applied in the Comprehensive Experimental System for Electronic Measurement Principle.
EHV Generator Loss of Field Protection Research in Electrical Power System
Authors: Lv Yan Ling , Ge Bao Jun , Wang Shuo , Bai Hong Zhe
Published: March 2013

the loss-of-field failure of synchronous generator is having an increasingly impact on the generator itself and the external power grid security. EHV (Extra High Voltage) generator is a new type of generator that can be directly connected to grid. Therefore, research on EHV generator’s loss-of-field failure is of realistic significance. This paper first draws from simulation analysis the changes of electrical parameters during the loss-of-field process of the EHV generator, and then analyzes the load-angle characteristics and generator terminal impedance characteristics during the loss-of-field process, and finally using the analytical results determines the EHV generator loss-of-field protection program to provide reference data to the protection of EHV generator running.
Development of Transformer Winding Distortion Testing Device in Electrical Power System Based on Electrical Properties
Authors: Gu Zhong De , Wu Wei , Xu Qing Long
Published: March 2013

Short circuit impedance test is one of the important methods for the transformer winding distortion diagnose. At present the test current is too low when we using short circuit impedance method. Upon the understanding for electrical properties of the transformer we developed a device with test current up to 10 Ampere, and combined longitudinal comparison method and lateral comparison method as our criterion algorithm. The device we developed matches the requirements of related standards. It comes in a complete set and fits on-site application. Through three practical examples we can see the improvement of the current is effective for the test accuracy in the transformer winding distortion diagnose.
Novel Man-Machine Interface of Intelligent Leak Detector for Advanced Material with Material Properties in Fuel-Gas Pipe Based on Electrical Power System
Authors: Zhang Ling Juan , Ren Jian Qiang
Published: March 2013

The advanced material has been used extensively in various engineering in recent years, especially in the fuel-gas pipes. The material properties are always under the influence of a variety of factors, such as different levels of the manufacturers, the manufacturing process and so on. Although many countries have strict supervision to the material properties of fuel-gas pipes, but the pipe leak is inevitable. So the leak detection has important meaning in the field test experiment of pipes’ material properties and the practical engineering. In order to solve the problem of interaction between the fuel-gas pipe leak detector and the users, a man-machine interface is designed based on electrical power system. The hardware mainly consists of the microprocessor, the input circuit and the output circuit. The software of interface is realized with the embedded C language, and it mainly consists of the input program and the output program. Experiment results show that the man-machine interface can accomplish the interaction between the user and the detector for advanced material with material properties in fuel-gas pipe splendidly; and it has a good application prospect.
Exploration of Goaf of Colliery Area with Engineering Materials in a Highway Tunnel
Authors: Wang Shi Liang , Yi Li Yun
Published: March 2013

The safety of Tongluoshan Tunnel construction and permanent structure , in the 6th light rail line in Chongqing City, is seriously interfered with coal mining area collapsed. Some characters of the goaf, such as the position, scale, groundwater and filling characteristics, had been probe by Ground Penetrating Radar. And then some measures had been taken, such as pipe roof ahead of support, sealers goaf filling pore grouting reinforcement. After disposal in accordance with the monitoring Data of the dynamic adjustment of the support program and to ensure construction safety, and proved the validity of the aforementioned prediction and disposal techniques similar goaf treatment.
Study on Precast Concrete Beams on the Longitudinal Bearings
Authors: Wen Juan Juan , Yi Li Yun
Published: March 2013

A method of prefabricating beam on bridge floor is sometimes employed in mountain difficult terrain. Four forms of longitudinal pedestal layout and three analysis cases obtained by orthogonal analysis method were drawn up, the mechanical behavior of the tool girder were studied by the finite element software and the role of deck pavement for tool girder was discussed. The results show that when the end of pedestal was situated in mid-span, the tool girder will reach the most disadvantageous status. Moreover, reinforced concrete deck pavement not only can improve the stiffness and integrity of the tool girder, but also can effectively decrease internal forces and deformations of the tool girder.
Analysis of Construction Material Using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)
Authors: Zhang Hai Ying , Wan Chuan Yun
Published: March 2013

This study analyzed change of microstructure of air pollution control (APC) ash after being sintered at 700°C, 900°C and 1100°C using SEM (scanning electronic microscope). It was found that fly ash has a loose structure and lots of pores among the particulates, making it easy for heavy metals to be extracted into the environment. Lots of glass phases exist in it, which improves activity of the ash using as a construction material. Structure of fly ash is strengthened with increase of temperature, which is conducive to stabilization of heavy metals. Crystal content increases from room temperature to 900°C and then decreases in the heating process, while content of glass phases has a reverse trend.
First-Principles Study on the Hydrogen Storage of Sandwich-Type Dimetallocenes
Authors: An Bo , Zhu Hai Yan
Published: March 2013

The paper mainly focuses on the ability of absorbing hydrogen molecule of the dimetallocene (C5H5)2TM2(TM=Ti/Zn/Cu/Ni) based on the first-principles calculation. The result indicates that these compounds can adsorb up to eight hydrogen molecules, the binding energy is 0.596eV/H2 for Cp2Ti2, 0.802eV/H2 for Cp2Zn2, 0.422eV/H2 for Cp2Cu2 and 0.182eV/H2 for Cp2Ni2 respectively. The corresponding gravimetric hydrogen-storage capacity is 7.1wt% for Cp2Ti2, 6.2wt% for Cp2Zn2, 6.3wt% for Cp2Cu2 and 6.5wt% for Cp2Ni2 respectively. These sandwich-type organometallocenes proposed in this work are favorable for reversible adsorption and desorption of hydrogen under ambient conditions. These predictions will likely provide a new route for developing novel high-capacity hydrogen-storage materials.
Dielectric Properties of BaTi5O11 Ceramics at Microwave Frequencies
Authors: Hsu Cheng Hsing , Chen Wen Shiush , Tung Hsin Han , Yang Pai Chuan , Lin Jenn Sen
Published: March 2013

Microwave dielectric properties of BaTi5O11 ceramics prepared by solid-state method with various calcining temperatures and sintering temperatures have been discussed. The εr value of 42.8, the Q×f value of 44,000 GHz, and the τf value of 42.4 ppm/oC were obtained for BaTi5O11 ceramics sintering at 1100oC for 4 h. BaTi5O11 is proposed as a suitable material candidate for application in high selective microwave ceramic passive components.
Microstructual Analysis of Stress Relieving on the Thermal Deformation Behaviors of Titanium Tailor-Welded Blanks
Authors: Lai Chi Ping , Chan Luen Chow
Published: March 2013

This paper aims to investigate the microstructual analysis of titanium tailor-welded blanks (Ti-TWBs) undergoing the stress relieving (SR) during a thermal deformation. A modified HILLE machine, with a specific heating device that can adjust the working temperature, was employed in this study. Qualified Ti-TWBs specimens were prepared in different widths and lengths. In order to compare the performance of both SR and non-SR Ti-TWBs, the formability analyses at room temperature and around 550degC were then carried out accordingly. The limit dome heights (LDH) of these specimens were measured and it was found that the ductility of the SR Ti-TWBs was improved due to the removal of the hardening effect as well the working stress during the cold working. Moreover, the fracture surface of the Ti-TWBs also revealed that the microstructure was fine and equaxial after the heat treatment. It can be concluded that the microstructual evolution is useful to enhance the strength of Ti-TWBs.
Polymer Matrix on Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals Electro-Optical Properties
Authors: Chang Huey Ling , Chen Chih Ming
Published: March 2013

Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films are fabricated with various compositions of E7 liquid crystal (LC), 2-Hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA), Methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA), Ethyl methacrylate (EMA), Tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA), and Benzoin. The results show that the refractive index of the PDLC films is insensitive to the monomer side groups. The effects of different monomers addition on the microstructure, the corresponding polymer matrix motion and electro-optical properties of the PDLC samples are examined using Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers (DMA) and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the addition of HEMA and TEGDA yields a considerable improvement in the electro-optical properties and the contrast ratio. Overall, the results show that a PDLC comprising 40wt% E7 liquid crystals, 50mol% TeGDA and 50mol% HEMA has both a high contrast ratio (12.75:1) and a low driving voltage (16 V), and is therefore a suitable candidate for smart window and a wide variety of intelligent photoelectric applications.
Analysis of Electric Field of Pulse Electrochemical Finishing of Shaped Cathode on Gears
Authors: Zhai Xiao Bing
Published: March 2013

Gear’s pulse electrochemical finishing (PECF) technology by shaped electrodes based on the numeral control technology, which controls gear dividing device and feed movement, is put forwards. Based on numerical simulation, electrochemical reaction region is dispersed. According to gear tooth profile and negative electrode surface equations, boundary conditions are inferred. The numerical simulation of the electric potential distribution in the calculation region has been shown. Under the optimized parameters, a mirror-like surface of gear teeth could be gained by PECF. The results show PECF can fulfill the advantages in the finishing some special gears with hard teeth.
MeV Electron-Beam Induced Clusterization of Platinum Chloride on Graphene for Transparent Conductive Electrodes
Authors: Cha Myoung Jun , Song Woo Seok , Kim Yoo Seok , Song In Kyung , Jung Dae Sung , Lee Suil , Kim Sung Hwan , Park Sang Eun , Park Chong Yun
Published: March 2013

The use of graphene-based transparent conductive electrodes critically depends upon the enhancement of electrical conductivity with a negligible loss of optical transmittance of graphene. Hence, the hybridization of graphene and metal nanostructures has been intensively investigated to improve electrical conductivity. Here we demonstrate clusterization of PtCl2 on graphene by a facile method, MeV electron-beam irradiation (MEBI) under ambient conditions, as characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmittance electron microscopy, and resonant Raman spectroscopy. The workfunction difference between PtCl2 nanoclusters and graphene results in p-type doping of graphene, to achieve a reduced sheet resistance of 69.1 % with respect to that of pristine graphene while maintaining transmittance of 91.7 %. The mechanism of formation of PtCl2 nanoclusters on graphene is likely to be defect-mediated clusterization due to the high energy electron-beam.
Analysis of Burst and Collapse Strength for Tubular with Wearing Defects
Authors: Cao Yin Ping , Dou Yi Hua
Published: March 2013

Taking account of the influence of friction between the outer wall of buckling tubular and the inner wall of casing under vibrating loads, the burst and collapse strengths of worn tubular would be reduced greatly compared to the unworn tubular. If the reduction of burst and collapse strength weren’t taken into consideration, there may be potential risk in well completion. The models of worn tubular strings were established based on finite element method, and thus the relationships between strength of burst and collapse and the degree of wear were analyzed. The results of FEM were verified by the equations in API 5C3. The results show that the strengths of burst and collapse will be reduced with the increase of wear degree, and the burst strength will be reduced more sharply. When the tubular strings are worn by 30%, the strengths of burst and collapse will be reduced by almost 50%. While the strengths of burst and collapse will be reduced by almost 60%, when the tubular strings are worn by 50%. So, to avoid the accident caused by the worn tubular, the work case should be controlled strictly correspondingly.
Low Power Implementation of AES Mix Columns/ Inverse Mix Column on FPGA
Authors: Sleem Marwa , Alkabani Yousra , Rashed Ali , Ibraheem Attif
Published: March 2013

With the widespread use of battery operating systems, low power designs are highly needed to extend the battery lifetime. Encryption/ decryption circuits are one of the best candidates for low power implementation, as they are needed to maintain the privacy and security of user data. In this work, we present a low power FPGA-based implementation for AES Mix Columns (MC) /Inverse Mix Columns (IMC). The proposed design achieves low power by applying precomputation and resource sharing techniques to the MC and IMC transformation. We compared this implementation with previous work and we found that this implementation provides an average of 28% less power than previous implementations.
Fitting Mixtures of Gaussians to Heavy-Tail Distributions to Analyze Fail-Bit Probability of Nano-Scaled Static Random Access Memory
Authors: Somha Worawit , Yamauchi Hiroyuki , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2013

This paper proposes a fitting method to approximate a heavy-tailed Gamma distribution characterizing the random telegraph noises by simple Gaussian mixtures model (GMM). The concepts central to the proposed method are 1) adaptive segmentation of the long-heavy tailed distributions such that the log-likelihood of GMM in each partition is maximized and 2) copy and paste with an adequate weight into each partition. It is verified that the proposed method can reduce the error of the fail-bit predictions by 2-orders of magnitude while reducing the iterations for EM step convergence to 1/16 at the interest point of the fail probability of 10-12 which corresponds to the design point to realize a 99.9% yield of 1Gbit chips.
In-Process Visualisation for Deformation Monitoring and Analysis of Sheet Metal Forming Processes
Authors: Kot Wai Kei Ricky , Chan Luen Chow
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a visualisation system will be discussed that can be used to capture the deformation profile of the sheet blank during sheet metal forming processes, such as deep drawing and shape forming. The visualisation system utilizes a 2D laser displacement sensor for deformation profile acquisition. The sensor is embedded in the die and the laser propagates through the die to detect the profile change of the specimen concealed in the die during operation. The captured profile data will be collected, manipulated and transferred to a monitor for display via a controller. This visualisation of the deformation profile will provide engineers and researchers with an intuitive means of analysing and diagnosing the deformation process during sheet metal forming.
Linear Quadratic Regulator for the Three-Phase Grid Connected Power Converter
Authors: Gaiceanu Marian
Published: March 2013

This paper proposes a combined power quality-optimal control of the three-phase grid connected power converter. By using the technique of decoupling control, the mathematical model of the three-phase power converter is developed in the dq rotating reference frame and it is linearized around the operating point. The optimal control problem is with free-end point, infinite time horizon, and without constraints. The proposed optimal control is obtained as a solution of the Algebraic Riccati Equation. The numerical simulations based on the Matlab/Simulink software show the validity of the proposed solution.
Application of Field Bus Technology in Hydropower Station Gate Control System
Authors: Feng Xian Jie
Published: March 2013

In order to effectively use of water resources and improve control problem of hydropower station gate, we can use the field bus technology, Ethernet technology, PLC technology, etc. In this paper, we studies a kind of new distributed network structure hydropower station gate control system. The gate can realize insect control and remote monitoring, effectively improve the monitoring and real-time ability and work efficiency. The system is of high reliability and high transmission speed, low cost, convenient use and maintenance etc.
Non-Negative Based Locally Sparse Representation for Classification
Authors: Hui Kang Hua , Li Chun Li , Feng Xiao Rong , Wang Xue Yang
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a new method is proposed, which can be considered as the combination of sparse representation based classification (SRC) and KNN classifier. In detail, with the assumption of locally linear embedding coming into existence, the proposed method achieves the classification goal via non-negative locally sparse representation, combining the reconstruction property and the sparsity of SRC and the discrimination power included in KNN. Compared to SRC, the proposed method has obvious discrimination and is more acceptable for the real image data without those preconditions difficult to satisfy. Moreover, it is more suitable for the classification of low dimensional data dimensionally reduced by dimensionality reduction methods, especially those methods obtaining the low dimensional and neighborhood preserving embeddings of high dimensional data. The experiments on MNIST is also presented, which supports the above arguments.
Tourism Destination Selection by Utilizing the Fuzzy Preference Relations
Authors: Chen Hsiu Fen , Chang Tsung Han , Hsu Shu Chen , Shih Ching Tien
Published: March 2013

Tourist attraction not only plays an important part in sightseeing, but also is the major cause that constitutes tourist products as well as the main consideration when tourists choose tourist products or travel destinations. This paper utilizes the fuzzy preference relations to select a travel location. Pairwise comparisons are conducted to obtain the importance weights of evaluation criteria and the performance rating of alternative locations. By multiplying the importance weights of evaluation criteria and the performance rating, a performance value is determined to rank the alternative locations. Compared with the AHP, the major contributions of this proposed framework are: 1) it just takes comparisons rather than comparisons to obtain a complete decision matrix which has elements; 2) This study identifies the factors that influence the tourists' choice of destination and evaluates the preferences of tourists for destinations.
Optimization for MEMS Filter to Reduce Feed-Through and an Analysis Method Based on Polar Diagram
Authors: Han Guo Wei , Si Chao Wei , Ning Jing , Zhao Yong Mei , Sun Guo Sheng , Yang Fu Hua
Published: March 2013

This paper presents an optimization of polysilicon based RF MEMS filter to improve electric isolation and minimize the feed-through, raising the stop-band reject above 20 dB from the original 0.2 dB, and proposes a performance analysis methodology based on polar diagram, which could simplify and visualize the analysis. Intrinsic feed-through of the device is minimized by optimization of substrate in fabrication process, differing from the characterization method reported previously, which is simple and effective.
Comparison on Pore Development of Activated Carbon Produced from Scrap Tire by Potassium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide for Active Packaging Materials
Authors: Sirimuangjinda Athiwat , Hemra Khanthima , Atong Duangduen , Pechyen Chiravoot
Published: March 2013

Activated carbons were prepared by chemical activation from scrap tire with two chemical reagents, NaOH and KOH. The activation consisted of different impregnation of a reagent followed by carbonization in nitrogen at 700°C. The resultant activated carbons were characterized in terms of BET surface area, methylene blue adsorption and iodine number. The influence of each parameter of the synthesis on the properties of the activated carbons was discussed, and the action of each hydroxide was methodically compared. It is the first time that preparation parameters and pore texture characteristics are simultaneously considered for two closely related activating agents of the same char precursor. Whatever the preparation conditions, it was shown that KOH led to the most microporous materials, having surface areas and adsorption properties (methylene blue adsorption and iodine number) higher than those obtained with NaOH, which was in agreement with some early works. However, the surface areas, methylene blue adsorption and iodine number obtained in the present study were much higher than in previous studies, up to 951 m2/g, 510 mg/g and 752 mg/g, respectively, using scrap tire waste char:KOH equal to 1:1. The thorough study of the way each preparation parameter influenced the properties of the final materials bought insight into the activation mechanisms. Each time it was possible; the results of scrap tire waste chemically activated with hydroxides were compared with those obtained with anthracites; explanations of similarities and differences were systematically looked for.
Studies on Potentiodynamic Polarization Behaviour of Cryorolled Al-Mg-Si Alloy
Authors: Krishna N. Naga , Gopi B. , Sivaprasad K. , Muthupandi V.
Published: March 2013

Cryorolling is considered to be the prominent processing method to develop high strength light weight alloys. Even though considerable work is available on mechanical properties of cryorolled materials, no detailed studies are available on corrosion behavior of these cryorolled sheets. Al-Mg-Si alloy is cryorolled to 50% and 75% reduction at -196°C and also at room temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization studies were performed on these rolled sheets in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and the results were compared with those of the annealed and solutionized samples of Al-Mg-Si alloy. Irrespective of the rolling temperature, all the rolled samples, except for LNR 75%, exhibited inferior corrosion resistance compared with those of the reference samples. This is attributed to the large amount of internal stresses and sub-grain network developed during rolling. The rolled samples evidenced peak shift compared to those of the annealed and solutionized samples and higher peak broadening is observed, which is due to the development of higher grain boundary area and enhanced lattice strains along with large dislocation densities. These grain boundaries and dislocation densities are the root cause for the inferior corrosion properties of the rolled samples.
Welding Procedure Development for Welding of High Strength Carbon Steel Cladded with Austenitic Stainless Steel 316L by Using Overmatching Filler Metal
Authors: Tiyasri Nusara , Poopat Bovornchok
Published: March 2013

This work aims to develop welding procedure for small diameter longitudinal welded clad pipe made from clad plate. High strength carbon steel base metal bonded with 316L stainless steel clad layer was used in this study. The dissimilar materials at the weld joint and accessibility limitation of small diameter present difficulty in welding process selection to achieve weld soundness. The joint and welding se¬quence are designed to avoid solidification cracking. Nickel base over matching filler is used on the clad side. Typical joint configuration is double V groove weld without clad peel back to minimize the number of passes inside the pipe. Firstly, welding is done on the carbon steel side by using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) with carbon steel electrodes. Then, welding on the clad side is done by using ERNiCrMo-3 filler metal. Two different procedures for the clad side are studied. The first procedure is to weld the clad side by using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Gas Metal Arc Welding pulse current (GMAW-pulse) and another procedure is to weld the clad side by using the SAW procedure. Hot cracking was observed in the case of SAW procedure at the clad weld centerline due to high heat input and high level of dilution. Mechanical properties and microstructure are evaluated. Clad weld by use of GTAW and GMAW-pulse could give sound weld metal. The tensile and yield strength of all weld metal were found to be greater than that of base metal and 100% shear failures were observed. Charpy impact energy of weld and HAZ at -10°C was found to be over 100 joules. Hardness of weld and HAZ area are surveyed over the weld cross section to determine local hardening. Additionally intergranular corrosion testing was carried out on the clad weld side and then bend testing was done. No crack was observed. Therefore, GTAW and GMAW-pulse clad weld procedure could give required properties according to clad line pipe standard, reduce cost of production and increase productivity compared to the peel back method.
Synthesis of Bulk Metal Matrix Nanocomposites by Full Cavitation Solidification Method
Authors: Padhi Payodhar , Dash Biranchi Narayan , Mohanty Pragyan , Satapathy B.K. , Kar Sachikanta
Published: March 2013

There are several methods for the production of metal matrix nano composites including mechanical alloying, vertex process and spray deposition. However, the above processes are expensive. Solidification processing is a relatively cheaper route. However, during solidification processing nano particulates tend to agglomerate as a result of van der Waals forces and thus proper dispersion of the nano-particulate in metal matrix is a challenge. Many researchers dispersed nanoparticles in metal matrix by ultrasonic casting. However their technique has several drawbacks such as the oscillating probe, which is in direct contact with liquid metal, may dissolve in the liquid metal and contaminate it. Moreover, the extent of dispersion is not uniform. It is maximum near the probe and gradually decreases as one move away from the probe. Lastly in the method developed by them, the oscillating probe is removed from the liquid metal before cooling and solidification begin. It may lead to partial reagglomeration of nanoparticles. To overcome these difficulties a non-contact method, where the ultrasonic probe is not in direct contact with the liquid metal, was attempted to disperse Nano-sized Al2O3 particulates in aluminium matrix. In this method the mold was subjected to ultrasonic vibration. The crystallite size of Al2O3 was mostly below 10 nm. Nano composite having 1-1.5 wt. % of Al2O3 was cast. From HRTEM studies it is observed that the Al2O3 particles are distributed uniformly except the grain boundaries. In micro scale the hardness is uniform throughout the samples. This is due to cavitation process as well as pushing of the nano-particles during the growth of the grains. In the present study it accounts all first-order effects i.e., phase change, bubble dynamics, turbulent pressure fluctuations, and noncondensable gases for deaglomeration and distribution of particles throughout the domain to get uniform distributions.
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Highly-Filled Polybenzoxazine-Alumina Composites
Authors: Kajornchaiyakul Jirawat , Jubsilp Chanchira , Rimdusit Sarawut
Published: March 2013

-Highly filled alumina polymer composites based on bisphenol-A/aniline benzoxazine resin (BA-a) were developed. The mechanical and thermal properties of these highly filled composites at various alumina filler contents from 0 to 85 % by weight were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results revealed that the storage modulus (E') at room temperature was increased from 5.93 GPa of the neat polybenzoxazine up to about 45.27 GPa of the composites with the maximum alumina content of 83 % by weight. The glass-transition temperatures (Tg) of the composites systematically increased with increasing the alumina filler contents. The Tgs of the obtained composites having alumina content ranging from 50 to 83 % by weight were found to be 178°C to 188°C, which higher that the Tg of the polybenzoxazine, i.e. 176°C implying substantial interfacial interaction between the alumina particle and the polybenzoxazine.
Effect of Helium Addition in Argon Shielding Gas on Metal Transfer Behavior in Gas Metal Arc Welding of Aluminum
Authors: Jittavisuttiwong Pakpoom , Poopat Bovornchok
Published: March 2013

Helium is widely used as mixing with argon for a shielding gas in GMAW process of Aluminum in order to improve weld quality and increase heat transfer to the weld pool. It has been known that helium could affect metal transfer behavior; however, its behavior has not been well understood. In this study, an analysis of the metal transfer behavior in the GMAW of aluminum was studied. The main objective is to study the effect of Helium on metal transfer in two main regions, short circuit (low welding current region) and spray transfer (high current region). The composition of 5 types of shielding gases were pure argon, 75%Ar + 25%He, 50%Ar + 50%He, 25%Ar + 75%He and pure helium. The welding parameters were fixed at 90A/17.0V, 100A/18.2V, 140A/24.6V and 180A/27.6V. Aluminum plates were welded bead-on-plate in a flat position. The metal transfer behavior was analyzed by using acoustic signals and arc voltage signals. For the result, at low welding current of 90A and 100A with pure argon, short-circuit transfer mode was observed. Adding helium in gas mixture gave no effect in metal transfer mode in low welding current regions but the metal transfer rate was slightly increased. At high welding currents of 140A and 180A with pure argon, spray transfer mode was observed and when increasing helium in gas mixture resulted in changing from spray transfer to combined mode of spray-globular. In these high welding currents, adding helium in gas mixture resulted in decreasing the metal transfer rate since helium gas tended to promote globular metal transfer. Acoustic signal and arc voltage signal can be used effectively in determining modes of metal transfer.
Experimental Investigation of De-Oiling Hydrocyclone
Authors: Pratarn Wongsarivej , Kanawut Srirahong , Thanit Sawasdisevi
Published: March 2013

Even though the hydrocyclone can be well used for de-oiling, the major problem with normal hydrocyclones is that they discharge relatively large amounts of oil with the water through the underflow. Therefore, the suitable hydrocyclone proportion and optimum hydrocyclone operating conditions should be investigated carefully to achieve better separation efficiency. In this research, a 35 mm hydrocyclone was studied for separating 25% of oil and 75% of water. The objective of the present manuscript was to investigate the important parameter and operating conditions that affected the oil recovery in the overflow. The investigated factors were inlet diameter, inlet velocity and flow ratio. From the experimental results obtained it could be concluded that 1) a decrease in inlet diameter led to an increase in the oil recovery in the overflow; 2) an increase in inlet velocity led to an increase in the oil recovery in overflow. In fact, the inlet velocity that provided the best oil recovery in this research was 8 m/s; 3) an increase in the flow ratio led to an increase in the oil recovery in the overflow.
Feasibility Study of Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Hot Cracking in GTAW Weld
Authors: Charunetratsamee Sittisak , Poopat Bovornchok , Jirarungsatean Chalermkiat
Published: March 2013

Acoustic emission testing can be used to detect the energy emitted from material fracture and the advantage of this method is the real time monitoring, however the weld metal discontinuities are normally inspected by using conventional NDT methods such as Penetrant Testing (PT), Magnetic particle Testing (MT), Ultrasonic Testing (UT) and Radiographic Testing (RT) after the completion of welding. The weld defect must be repaired, which involves the cost and consumes a lot of time as well as reduce the reliability of manufactures. This paper presents the application of acoustic emission (AE) technique for monitoring and detecting the discontinuities during welding. In this study, gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) was selected as test process. Carbon steel plate and autogenous welding technique were used to simulate the hot crack. The data acquisition (DAQ) and AE sensor were used to capture the acoustic signal generated during welding. The AE signals were amplified and filtered by using preamplifier. Then, signals were modified by wavelet transforms (WT) technique and classified by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique. The results showed the possibility to use AE technique for monitoring and detecting the low signal amplitude generated from crack by using frequency domain. The advantage of this research is to propose the technique for monitoring the weld metal discontinuities during welding.
Development of Porous Polypyrrole Electrode for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Sombatmankhong Korakot , Fisher Adrian C.
Published: March 2013

One method of increasing number of reaction sites was by the introduction of a porous structure into the electrodes to provide a high surface area for catalyst deposition. This work focused on the development of a method for the fabrication of a porous polypyrrole electrode; a mixture of two monomers (i.e. pyrrole and methylene blue) was simultaneously electropolymerised and one of which was selectively removed from the composite film by solvent extraction. The porous polypyrrole had a suitably porous structure whilst maintaining excellent electrical properties. The application of this novel material to miniaturized fuel cells was shown to have improved power density of 2-fold and 3-fold higher than bulk polypyrrole and bare gold electrodes respectively.
Development of a Kraft Paper Box Lined with Thermal-Insulating Materials by Utilizing Natural Wastes
Authors: Klinklow Nattida , Padungkul Sethayuth , Kanthong Supoj , Patcharaphun Somjate , Techapiesancharoenkij Ratchatee
Published: March 2013

This research studied the feasibility of using natural fibers extracted from natural wastes as a thermal-insulating material lined in a Kraft paper box packaging. The natural fibers were extracted from natural waste of rice straws using NaOH solutions. The extracted fibers were then formed as a porous thermal-insulating pad by a spray lay-up method using natural rubbers as binders. The thermal conductivities, specific heat capacities and temperature-rise time of the natural fiber insulation and other thermal-insulating materials including polystyrene foam, a polyethylene foam, and a glass fiber insulation were studied and compared. The glass fiber insulation showed the highest thermal conductivity, while the thermal conductivities of the other studied insulating materials were found to be similar. Moreover, the polymeric and natural-fiber insulations show better temperature-rise resistance than the glass fiber insulation. The temperature rises for different insulating materials were estimated using the analytical analysis of heat transfer. The calculated temperature-rise times were compared with the empirical results; both results are in the same order of magnitude. Consequently, a Kraft paper box lined with natural-fiber pads was constructed and compared with a Kraft paper box (without insulation lining) and a polystyrene box of equal sizes. The boxes were packed with an equal amount of ice and left under room temperature for 24 hours. The results show that, after 24 hours, the temperatures inside the natural-fiber lined box and the polystyrene box were contained below 15 °C, while the temperature inside the Kraft paper box increase to room temperature only after 16 hours. The observation shows that a natural fiber pad can potentially be used as an alternative insulating material in packaging industries, which can enhance environmental-friendly packaging products.
Research on Magnesium Alloy Melting Technology
Authors: Wu Jun , Zheng Xiao Jun , Zhang Yuan Xiang , Jiang Hai Bing
Published: March 2013

The magnesium alloy smelting process is analyzed and designed from the protection of the melting, refining treatment, modification and many other aspects. The article puts forward the solvent and gas dual protection smelting measures that prevent the progress of chemical reaction of magnesium melt. The article also puts forward a variety of refining method for smelting process impurities and exhaust gas, It’s ensure that the qualified rate of alloy materials. In order to further improve the performance of magnesium alloy, the introduction of the modification treatment will make alloy grain refinement.Superfine grain organization will effectively improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of magnesium alloys.
Based on HsCAE3D of Analysis on Plastic Molding Products in Shrinkage and Warpage
Authors: Wang Jing Yan , Sui Xiu Mei , Zhao Li
Published: March 2013

HsCAE software was used to analyze injection molding defects of plastic molding products, Based on it, the cause of shrinkage and warpage in plastic molding products was proposed. Some conditions and technological parameters such as the fiber orientation, thickness, geometric figure and temperature of the part, the pressure maintaining and the design criteria were modified in order to solve the problem. The working process is stable, reliable and has good practical effect.
Facing to the System Structure of the Controller CNC of Open-Structure Motion
Authors: Dai Nai Chang
Published: March 2013

Aiming at existing CAM system weak in dealing with object technically the software function of the open type CNC system, and defect being hard to carry on valid compalible the paper, adopted based on open, multi-mission parallel processing with independence produce power structure sport controller of software system structure design. Using design facing manufacturing of CAD/CAPP/CAM system integration a valid realization method.
The Design of Rolling Mills’ Automatic Control System Based on PLC
Authors: Wang Jian Chen , Deng Xiao Lei
Published: March 2013

The rolling mill is a kind of mechanical equipment which rolls steel ingot or billet continuously into steel. This paper selected 1150 blooming mill as research subject. In order to realize the automatic control of 1150 blooming mill, hydraulic screw-down devices and the automatic control system of hydraulic screw-down position are used, and Siemens PLC is chose as the control system's main control unit. Then industrial control technologies are used, such as DC digital controller, touch screen, photoelectric-interrupter type position sensor.
Air Supply System Optimization for the Multi-Temperature Refrigerated Trucks
Authors: Wang Jia Min , Zhao X.X. , Li L.J. , Huang C.Z. , Jiang Z. L.
Published: March 2013

The multi-temperature refrigerated trucks which can transport a variety of goods at the same time, meet the requirement of production and marketing mode of “small production/big market” for Chinese agricultural products. In this paper, the multi-temperature refrigerated trucks with sidewall air duct and bottom return rail were selected to simulate the effect of air outlet locations and wind speed on the flow field of the carriage. The layout of the air outlet location and the wind speed was optimized accordingly.