bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intellectual property assessment: development of information and methodological support in conditions of limited information
Authors: Momot Tetyana , Karpushenko Maria , Prilipko Serhiy , Mushchynska Natalia , Momot Darina
Published: March 2021

Assessment of intellectual property is an important process of commercialization of scientific and technical developments of enterprises of all forms of ownership. This is carried out to determine the value of intellectual property objects (IPO) in connection with the transfer of ownership (purchase, sale) to the corresponding object, the conclusion of a license agreement for the IPO use, accounting for IPO in accounting, contributed to the authorized capital, etc. Under such conditions, the problem of IPO underestimating significantly reduces the efficiency and effectiveness of enterprises. At the same time, the uniqueness of many types of intellectual assets and the impossibility of their visual assessment determine the expediency of systematizing methodological approaches to assessing the value of intellectual property assets to ensure an objective assessment of the value of intellectual property. This will help increase the profitability and business value of the enterprise.
The aim of research is to develop theoretical and methodological provisions and substantiate practical recommendations for improving information and methodological support for assessing the value of intangible assets, taking into account the requirements of regulatory documents and the availability of the necessary information. Based on the results of the study, methodological approaches to determining the value of intangible assets are systematized. According to the financial statements, the value of intangible assets of the leading enterprises of Ukraine and their share in the total value of assets were analyzed. The features of the assessment of intangible assets in accordance with accounting standards have been determined, a methodological approach to the assessment of the value of intellectual property has been developed, it allows to reasonably choose a method for assessing IPO based on the analysis of available information. It is proved that the lack of objective information on the value of IPO significantly reduces the value of assets of Ukrainian enterprises in comparison with the leading companies in the world, reduces their investment attractiveness and does not contribute to economic development
Stress response and state of cognitive functions in the perioperative period in elderly patients during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Bielykh Olena , Georgiyants Marine , Vysotska Olena , Strashnenko Anna
Published: March 2021

The aim. To investigate the dynamics of stress markers and the state of cognitive functions in the perioperative period during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients.
Materials and methods. We examined 84 patients aged 68.1 ± 0.6 years, with diagnosed gallstone disease, acute cholecystitis, who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: Group I - inhalation anesthesia based on sevoflurane with mechanical ventilation; Group II - TBA based on propofol with mechanical ventilation. Hemodynamic parameters, dynamics of stress markers (cortisol, insulin, glucose) and cognitive function were investigated.
Results. Glucose and insulin levels in both groups remained within normal limits at all stages of the study. The baseline cortisol level was higher than normal in both groups, but at 4, 5, 6 stages of the study decreased significantly compared with baseline values (p<0.001).
In the study of cognitive functions by the Luria test and the MMSE scale, a significant decrease was found in both groups on the day after surgery.
According to the Luria test, the score in group I significantly decreased the day after surgery against the period before premedication by 8.7% (p<0.001), in group II - by 10.1% (p<0.001); according to the MMSE scale, the score in group I significantly decreased on the day after surgery against the period before premedication by 6.0% (p<0.001), in group II - by 6.3% (p<0.001).
On the fifth postoperative day, no significant differences in baseline values ​​between the Luria test and the MMSE scale were detected.
Conclusions.  The comparative analysis of the dynamics of stress marker levels in both groups revealed some advantages of general sevoflurane-based anesthesia in antistress protection of patients in the perioperative period during laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared with total intravenous anesthesia based on propofol. However, the effectiveness of anti-stress protection of both types of anesthesia was sufficient.
According to the correlation analysis, an inverse correlation was found between the state of cognitive functions in the postoperative period and the level of cortisol in the intraoperative period
Research of gender features of pharmacists
Authors: Sahaidak-Nikitiuk Rita , Kozyrieva Olena , Alokhina Nataliya , Demchenko Nataliya , Zarichkova Mariya , Zoidze Diana
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study is to determine the gender characteristics of pharmacists.
Materials and methods. To study gender characteristics, a survey of pharmacy specialists was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire and psychological methods: “Locus of control” (J. Rotter test modified by O. Ksenofontova), study of volitional personality qualities (questionnaire of N. Stambulova); Cattell test 16 PF; diagnostics of interpersonal relations (T. Leary test in modification by L. Sobchyk), express diagnostics of resistance to conflicts, methods of studying personality orientation (test of V. Smekal and M. Kucher).
Results. The relevance of the study of gender characteristics of pharmacists is substantiated. The level of involvement of women in management in the economy, politics, education, in law enforcement and health authorities in Ukraine has been analyzed, which indicates gender identity. The essence of gender analysis according to specifics of pharmacy is determined. The manifestations of masculinity-femininity in pharmacists have been studied. The level of subjective control of pharmacists is analyzed. Characteristic features of men and women pharmacists are estimated. The volitional qualities of pharmacists have been studied. Conflict resistance was diagnosed. The types of interaction between men and women pharmacists are studied.
Conclusions. It has been proven that women pharmacists are feminine and prone to gender stereotypes. Male pharmacists have a low level of subjective control and do not associate actions with subsequent events, as well as show themselves as independent, determined, courageous, purposeful, proactive, persistent professionals with endurance and self-control. It was found that both women pharmacists and men pharmacists show an average level of conflict resistance. The personal orientation is revealed, so at men-pharmacists motives of own well-being and aspiration to prestige prevail
Communicative competencies of managers in HEI on components of methodological contents of administrative management
Authors: Tymoshenko Valentyna , Slabetskyi Oleksandr , Ridei Nataliia , Tytova Nataliia
Published: March 2021

The paper specifies the definition of “competence” of executive managers and positional, professional and social types of the general system competence are separated. The communicative competence structure in managers at higher educational institutions for realizing communicative interaction of participants of the professional training educational process is concretized by methodological content components of administrative management, namely administrative-organizational managerial system relations (descending potential of indirect administrative-organizational communication of a policy of higher educational institutions, coordination-subordination architectonics of the “administrative apparatus”, ascending potential of administrative effect at organizing institutional projects), internal system relations (descending administrative-organizational communications of a political strategy of higher educational institutions, potential of ascending administrative-organizational communications for modernization of educational-scientific university systems) and external system relations (sphere of external interaction and system analysis of modern scientific data as to a qualitative external condition of higher educational institutions, world community access to administrative-organizational communication of higher educational institutions with self-government bodies). There are separated communication types of coordination-subordination architectonics of institutional organization of higher educational institutions: administrative-organizational, managerial and process-organizational communications; a structural-logic scheme of mutual influence in contents - administrative-organizational managerial system, internal and external system relations in the “aim tree” of administrative regulation for effective educational policy and quality policy by means of administrative-organizational communications and at realization of the communicative competence of managers at higher educational institutions is projected in the author modification
The influence of the lexical and grammatical component of speech on the formation of speech competence of younger adolescents in primary school
Authors: Нubar Olha
Published: March 2021

In the article, the author points out the need for the development of a speech personality in educational institutions as a prerequisite for the development of harmonization of the personality, its successful socialization in society. Modern documents and regulations indicate exactly this. A number of statistical data is also provided on the insufficient level of development of the adolescents' speech competence as a component of the communicative competence, which in turn creates unfavorable conditions for the adolescent's socialization and his/her adaptation in society.
The article also examines the features of the development of the lexical and grammatical component of the speech of younger adolescents in the conditions of primary school as a necessary component of the speech competence formation. The necessity of developing a special speech environment in a school is substantiated, the participants of which should be both objects of educational influence (adolescents) and teachers, specialists working in the educational space of a basic school. According to the results of the experiment, the peculiarities of the development of the lexical and grammatical aspects of speech of adolescents, studying in the inclusive environment of the primary, school are determined. The analysis of the influence of the level of formation of the lexical and grammatical aspect of speech on the formation of negative character traits in adolescents is carried out. The necessity of correction of speech disorders in adolescents has been proved in order to prevent difficulties in the educational process and socialization of the personality. These facts, in turn, prove the need for active speech therapy support for younger adolescents in a basic school environment
Determination of the anticancer properties of cis- and trans-diadamanthylcarboxylates of dirhenium(III)
Authors: Shtemenko Natalia , Polokhina Katerina , Golichenko Alexander , Babiy Svetlana , Shtemenko Alexander
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study. The aim of the work was to investigate in vivo anticancer activity of cis- and trans-diadamanthylcarboxylates of dirhenium(III) alone and together with cisplatin in form of nanobins.Materials and methods. Model of tumor growth, Guerin’s carcinoma; intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin, dirhenium(III) compounds in liposomes and of binary liposomes, containing both cytostatics; volumes and final weights of tumors were measured.Results. In vivo antitumor properties of two dirhenium(III) dicarboxylates with 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid moieties as ligands with cis- (I) and trans- (II) orientation of the carboxylic groups around a cluster fragment alone and together with cisplatin were presented; an attempt to understand differences in a possible mechanism of anticancer activity of the substances were undertaken. Antiradical and DNA-binding properties of I and II were the matter of consideration.Conclusions. Cis- and trans- compounds of dirhenium I and II had close antitumor activity in vivo with a little bit superiority of the cis- analog. Mechanisms of anticancer activity of I and II are different and may also include monofunctional adduct formation and subsequent interstrand cross-linking for the II substance, formation of protein-DNA cross-links, etc.
Development of a methodological basis for assessing the effectiveness of value-oriented management of development of a restaurant business enterprise
Authors: Balatska Natalia , Grosul Victoria
Published: March 2021

The object of research is the process of value-oriented management of the development of a restaurant business. The article argues that value-oriented management of the development of a restaurant business is aimed at achieving the goal of maximizing the key determinants of value. The parameters and elements of the configuration of the value concept (strategic assets, nomadic competencies, the consumer value frame of the restaurant service) are determined, the content and nature of which reflects the individual elements of the value-oriented management of the restaurant business. The research methodology is based on theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific literature, economic methods, and observations, comparable, measurement, analysis and matrix modeling. To develop a Y-matrix model for assessing the effectiveness of value-based development management, which represents the relationship between strategic assets, key competencies and the value frame, the expert method and the method of multivariate comparative analysis are used.
The results of this research show that the elements of consumer value that are basic for the development of restaurant businesses in the modern competitive space are: the uniqueness of the restaurant concept, originality of the menu, pricing policy, service, safety standards, atmosphere, innovation and emotions. For the empirical convergence of the concept of value, a Y-matrix is built. Based on the use of the method of multivariate comparative analysis, the implementation degree of key competencies and strategic assets in the creation of structural elements of consumer value is assessed.
To determine the efficiency level of value-based development management at the restaurant business, the value resonance coefficient is calculated. Based on the research results, a list of key competencies is determined, on the development of which it is necessary to focus the attention of the management of the restaurant business.
The practical significance of research lies in the possibility of its use as a tool for strategic value analysis in the restaurant business. The proposed approach allows to determine the emphasis of management impact in order to maximize the value of restaurant services.
Development of portable device for measurement of dynamic and static light-emission WOLED characteristics
Authors: Helzhynsky Ihor , Kutsiy Stepan , Veryha Andriy , Ivaniuk Khrystyna , Dudok Taras
Published: March 2021

The research object of this work is the parameters of organic light-emitting diodes, namely power and luminous flux. Determination of these parameters can be carried out using a photodiode and requires measuring the dark current of the sensor (photodiode), measuring the current of the photodiode when illuminated by the LED under investigation. And also take into account the relationship between the light flux received by the sensor and its output current, and take into account the spectral characteristics of the sensor. Calculate the investigated parameters of the LED based on the measurements. Carrying out these measurements requires laboratory instruments and workplace organization, and further calculations are routine work.
It is possible to increase the measurement accuracy by improving the existing methods for measuring the required parameters, and it is possible to automate the process of measurements and calculations using a modern microprocessor radioelement base. Microcontrollers are widespread such radioelements. They have the necessary peripherals for independent operation and have sufficient computing power to implement the required measuring device. Its application makes it possible to automate the measurement process, carry out the necessary calculations, save correction constants, accumulate and process the obtained data, analyze these received data, exchange data with a computer, etc. So, the work is aimed at developing a methodology that will allow the simultaneous measurement of power and luminous flux of planar light sources. And also on the feasibility of this technique in the device and software with the ability to measure the power of the light source in an arbitrary band of the spectral visible range. Thus, it is possible to determine what power in watts a light source emits with the dynamics of supply currents in the optical bands, knowing the spectrum of this source without using glass filters. So, the result of applying the technique is to determine the power of light radiation (in watts) or the luminous flux (in lumens) of the emitter (light sources).
Determination of features of development of modern theories of management
Authors: Zhaldak Hanna
Published: March 2021

The object of research is the processes of development of modern management theories. One of the next problematic aspects is the identification of the peculiarities of the development of modern management theory in the period of digitalization and pandemic, which means a significant impact on the economy.
In the process of work general scientific methods were used: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, comparison, systematization. The analysis of scientific approaches to the definition of management is carried out; the main essential features of modern enterprises and management theories, respectively, are determined. It is determined that the theory of management at the present level undergoes significant transformations. In modern theories more and more attention is paid to: the intangible component and the peculiarities of its management; there is an active transition to digital technologies and digitalization of business; there is a need to use new management methods; organizational structures and corporate cultures are changing. This in turn contributes to the purposeful formation and development of such institutions within the organization as:
– trust and creative atmosphere of productive group work;
– development of organizational ties within the organization and outside it;
– development of innovative ability of the company’s staff;
– use of experience of other organizations.
Based on the analysis, the following features of modern management theories are identified:
– in modern theories more and more attention is paid to the intangible component and the peculiarities of its management;
– active transition to digital technologies and digitalization of business;
– change in the subject of work in most employees, in particular, the transition to advanced information and communication technologies;
– the need to use new management methods;
– transformation of organizational structures and corporate cultures. This provides the possibility of effective modern management by planning the activities of the firm in the short, medium and long term, as well as obtaining the maximum possible profit with minimal costs in a rapidly changing environment.
Assessment of the current state of the use of non-monetary methods of state regulation of financial recovery of banks
Authors: Stadniychuk Roman
Published: March 2021

The object of research is the processes of state regulation of financial recovery of banks by non-monetary methods. One of the most problematic areas is determining the practical aspects of regulating the financial recovery of banks by non-monetary methods, which include:
– establishment of mandatory requirements for banking services and business processes;
– carrying out checks and taking measures in the event of a violation;
– establishment of methods of organizing or conducting banking activities in the process of financial recovery;
– licensing rules. An important aspect is the identification of factors that exacerbate the problems of the banking system, in particular, lead to large-scale lending to related parties; opaque ownership structure; inaccurate financial statements; fictitious accounts in foreign banks; money laundering and the like. Improvement of state regulation of financial recovery of banks through the use of preventive measures is possible with the effective use of non-monetary methods of such regulation.
The study used methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, methods of systematization and comparison, tabular and graphical methods. The composition of monetary instruments and their features have been determined. The proposed measures for non-monetary regulation of financial recovery of banks are related to:
– improving the procedure for disclosing information on the ultimate owners of the bank;
– strengthening the responsibility of banks for the results of their activities;
– improving the mechanisms for minimizing credit risks for banks both at the stage of issuing a loan and at the stage of its servicing;
– improving the procedure for financial restructuring of problem assets of banks;
– set of recreational measures to restore the bank’s solvency, prevent bankruptcy or increase its competitiveness.
The use of non-monetary methods of financial recovery and the introduction of the requirements of European legislation into national banking practice testifies to the improvement of state regulation of financial recovery of banks, protects them from insolvency and ensures development.
Правильно ли мы понимаем «1984»?
Authors: Вахитов Рустем Ринатович
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена социологическому анализу романа Джорджа Оруэлла «1984», целью которого является выяснение: какое же реальное общество автор изобразил в романе? В течение более чем 70 лет сам Дж. Оруэлл и его многочисленные критики и читатели воспринимают этот роман как антиутопию, аллегорически изображающую сталинский режим в СССР. Однако зачастую бывает так, что и автор, и его поклонники неправильно трактуют произведение. Автор статьи убежден, что роман «1984» не может быть пародией на СССР. Во-первых, Дж. Оруэлл никогда не бывал в СССР, не разбирался в советской действительности, поэтому и не смог бы правдиво ее воссоздать. Во-вторых, изображение партии, быта пролов, идеологии Океании противоречат соответствующим реалиям Советского Союза времен Сталина. В-третьих, есть существенные параллели Океании «1984» и реальной Великобритании конца 1940-х, где происходили «социалистические реформы» лейбористов под руководством Клемента Эттли, которого У. Черчилль называл «английским Сталиным». Вывод, к которому приходит автор статьи: Оруэлл на уровне сознания хотел создать антисталинский памфлет, но воспроизвел действительность его родной послевоенной Великобритании, при этом он бессознательно критиковал реформы лейбористов, хотя считал себя их сторонником.
Местное самоуправление в современной России, или Хроники крайней власти
Authors: Моляренко Ольга Андреевна
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена развитию местного самоуправления в России на протяжении последних трех десятилетий. Предпринята попытка не только обобщенного описания происходящих изменений, но и реконструкции логики законодателя, отталкивающаяся от видения Дж. Скоттом воплощения благих намерений государства. Постсоветская центральная власть максимально обособилась от местного самоуправления, использовав муниципалитеты в качестве защиты от претендующего на социальные гарантии населения. Во  многом поэтому местное самоуправление 1990-х – начала 2000-х годов являлось довольно независимым и крайне разнообразным. В условиях постепенного укрепления государства и получения им преимущественно негативной обратной связи о состоянии местного самоуправления от жителей и региональных властей федерация решила навести на местах «порядок», начав унификацию и стандартизацию организационных и иных основ муниципальной власти. В результате этих мер к настоящему моменту местное самоуправление оказалось фактически огосударствлено.
NETs and oncologic process
Authors: Slukhanchuk E. V.
Published: March 2021

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) represent the networks consisting of DNA, histones, and proteins produced by activated neutrophils. Such structures have been proved to play a crucial role in inducing neutrophil innate immune response in the pathogenesis of such autoimmune conditions as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, as well as in the pathogenesis of other non-infectious processes, e. g., clotting disorders, thrombosis, diabetes, atherosclerosis, vasculitis and oncology diseases. Recent studies on animal models and human pathologies have uncovered a tremendous role for NETs in tumor progression and metastasis. In this regard, NETs should be considered as pro-oncogenic substances, which further investigation will provide an opportunity to develop new therapeutic strategies.
Clinical profile and outcome of dengue fever among children in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sreedhar S. V. S. , Umamahesh Ramishetty M.
Published: March 2021

Background: Dengue viral infection is the most common mosquito-borne disease in the world with varied presentations, high morbidity, and high mortality patterns. To study the clinical profile and outcome of dengue fever in children.  Methods: This analytical study was conducted in children less than 12 years of age with clinical features of dengue (any acute febrile illness with one of the following: myalgia, headache, retro-orbital pain, bleeding, altered sensorium, shock, or low platelet count) presented at Mahavir institute of medical sciences between February 2019 to January 2020 (12) months were included in the study. Children positive for IgM alone or both IgM and IgG were followed up for a clinical profile.Results: Seizures (9.5%), loose stools (8.5%), lymphadenopathy (15.2%), relative bradycardia (8.5%) were less common manifestations. Rashes were seen in 64.7% of children. Many children in this study were mildly anemic. Mean hemoglobin was slightly higher in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Mean Hb in DSS was 11.28 g%. It was 10.02, 10.1, and 10.45 in DF, DFB, DHF respectively. But it was statistically not significant (P=0.27).Conclusions: Seizure was significant in DSS cases. Any dengue child throwing convulsions should hence be promptly evaluated for an unrecognized shock. The bleeding in dengue is not purely due to thrombocytopenia. There is no role for prophylactic platelet transfusion.
Reducción de la cobertura social para los fármacos antiartrósicos sintomáticos de acción lenta: una iniciativa de desinversión en Argentina, 2015-2017
Authors: Urtasun Martín A. , Noble María , Cañás Martín , Bustin Julián , Mastai Ricardo C. , Regueiro Alejandro J.
Published: March 2021

En abril de 2016, el Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados excluyó del subsidio social la cobertura al 100% de 159 fármacos, entre ellos, los antiartrósicos sintomáticos de acción lenta o symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SySADOA), por insuficiente evidencia de beneficio clínico significativo. Evaluamos el efecto de esta medida sobre la utilización de SySADOA y de los antiinflamatorios no esteroides (AINE), no afectados por la medida. Se compararon las dispensas ambulatorias de los SySADOA y los AINE de 2015 a 2017, midiendo unidades dispensadas, precio de venta al público y gasto de bolsillo del beneficiario para cada mes. Luego de la medida, descendieron un 61,6% los envases de SySADOA dispensados y un 63,4% el monto total del precio de venta al público, medido en valores constantes. La dispensa no se reorientó hacia los AINE, que descendieron un 6,1%. Disminuyó tanto la incidencia de nuevos tratamientos (de 6,4 a 3,3 tratamientos por 1.000 beneficiarios por mes) como su continuidad. El gasto de bolsillo de los beneficiarios en SySADOA aumentó un 75,8% (a valores constantes). La desinversión en intervenciones de valor terapéutico cuestionable es una herramienta valiosa para la sustentabilidad de los sistemas de salud.
Evaluation of a Strategic Management Program: Context, Input, Process, Product Model as a Prototype for Business Academies
Authors: Birgili Bengi , Kırkıç Kamil Arif
Published: March 2021

The present study examines the evaluation models of strategic management (SM) programs in business academies and evaluates a sample program based on Stufflebeam's context, input, process, product (CIPP) program evaluation model. When evaluation studies used in Turkey were scrutinized, Stake's countenance model and Provus's discrepancy model were also discovered; however, the CIPP Model has generally been used. Further, this study explores (1) the history of SM education and (2) SM education within the perspectives of business academies, (3) a sample of SM education developed by a private education consulting service and (4) a theoretical background and a practical method to evaluate the program of business academies.
Estimation of Management Effectiveness of Electricity Supply Enterprises in Emerging Economies
Authors: Tetiana Skibina , Tetiana Kurbatova , Iryna Sotnyk , Oleksandr Telizhenko , Mykola Sotnyk , Yevgeniy Hyrchenko
Published: March 2021

The article gives an estimation of the management effectiveness of electricity supply enterprises in emerging economies on the example of enterprises of the northern and central regions of Ukraine. Estimation was conducted on the basis of the authors’ methodological approach that applies the number of indicators taken as a basis for the formation of the integrated indicator. The latter allows carrying out a comprehensive estimation of the management effectiveness system of the electricity supply enterprises. The obtained results show a low management effectiveness of the considered electricity supply enterprises. As a result, the conducted research identified the barriers that hinder the efficient development of electricity supply enterprises and outlined the main directions for reforming energy supply enterprises’ activity.
Effect of an Educational Pamphlet on Knowledge and Performance of Fitness Trainers about Traumatic Dental Injuries
Authors: Ramezani Gholam Hossein , Sohrabi Mona , Nasiri Sara , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad , Ghadimi Sara , Seraj Bahman
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) commonly occur in sport clubs. The knowledge and performance of fitness trainers play an important role in management of such injuries. This study sought to assess the effect of an educational pamphlet on knowledge level and performance of fitness trainers about TDIs in Tehran in 2018.
Materials and Methods: In this interventional study, a pamphlet was designed to enhance the knowledge level of fitness trainers. Ninety-five fitness trainers were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control (n=49 in the control group and n=46 in the interventional group), and were requested to fill out a valid and reliable researcher-designed questionnaire about TDIs before and 1 month after pamphlet distribution. The questionnaire consisted of three domains of demographic information, knowledge questions, and performance questions. The results were analyzed using SPSS 25 via the Chi-square test and repeated measures ANOVA considering the intervention as the between-subject factor.
Results: The knowledge score of fitness trainers about TDIs was not adequately high in the intervention or the control group before the intervention. After the intervention, the performance of participants improved in both groups. This increase was significantly greater in the intervention group (P=0.035). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the knowledge domain (P=0.185).
Conclusion: Educational pamphlets can effectively enhance the knowledge level of fitness trainers about TDIs. However, the magnitude of this effect was not significant in our study. Future studies are recommended to compare the efficacy of educational pamphlets with other educational tools.
Responding to Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Providing Reproductive Health Services in Humanitarian Settings
Authors: Adibi Larijani Haleh , Barghi Shirazi Fahimeh , Moslehi Shandiz
Published: March 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
COVID-19 Attack on the World's Tourism Industry
Authors: Ghasemi Matina , Hasanpoor Edris
Published: March 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Productivity Trend in Iranian Health Sector: A Descriptive Approach
Authors: Nasiri Taha , Hosseini-Shokouh Sayyed-Morteza
Published: March 2021

Background: Low productivity and consequently increased health costs can cause various problems in society and the welfare of individuals. The first effect of the high cost of production in the health sector is the collapse of hospitals and health centers into a cost-inflation spiral.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study. A review section has been revised to describe the concept of productivity through narrative literature review in the descriptive section, using the time series data of 1991-2012 of the Statistics Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The micro and macro indicators of health economy and health sector productivity are presented and analyzed graphically with the help of Excel software
Results: From the economic point of view, productivity is defined as the ratio of output to input. The results showed that inflation in the health sector was higher than general inflation in the period under study and that out of pocket expenses were made to cope with inflation in the health sector. On the other hand, the growth rate of production in the entire health sector was decreased, and the number of physicians and bed potency was reduced.
Conclusion: The final result of this study showed that the productivity of the health sector is not in good condition. Despite the increase in the number of beds and doctors in the last two decades, the added-value and production of the entire health sector have not grown significantly.
Nurses' attitudes toward caring for terminally ill neonates and their families in Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kadivar Maliheh , Mardani-Hamooleh Marjan , Kouhnavard Marjan , Sayarifard Azadeh
Published: March 2021

Providing care for terminally ill neonates is an important issue in NICUs. This research aimed to determine nurses’ attitudes toward providing care for terminally ill neonates and their families. A total of 138 nurses working in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences participated in this cross-sectional study via convenience sampling in 2019. The Data collection tool was the Frommelt attitudes toward caring for terminally ill persons and their families scale. The nurses in this study had the most positive attitudes toward the items “nursing care should include the family of the terminally ill patient, too” (4.2 ± 0.6) and “the care provider can prepare the patient or his/her family for death” (4.1 ± 0.7). The nurses had the least positive attitude toward the item “the time spent on caring for terminally ill patients creates a sense of frustration in me” (1.06 ± 1). The mean score of the attitudes of NICU nurses toward caring for terminally ill neonates and their families indicates the necessity of improving this attitude.
Hydroxychloroquine: A Prophylaxis Bridge Till Finding the COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Mahmoodpour Ata , Sanaie Sarvin , Hosseini Mohammad-Salar
Published: March 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Defining the National, Ethnic, Racial and Religious Groups of Genocide in the Practice of International Criminal Courts
Authors: Koval Dmytro
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the approaches of international courts (the UN International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court, International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and hybrid Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia) to the criteria for defining genocide groups. The article emphasizes that the definition of belonging to a group is a contextual circumstance (contextual element) of the crime of genocide. In particular, the paper studies how the international courts applied positive/negative and objective/subjective identification strategies to conclude that certain groups constitute those protected by the Genocide Convention or the statutes of the international criminal courts. In addition, the article deals with the problem of the stability and mobility of the groups and the ways these characteristics help the international courts to apply the Convention.The article focuses on a search for algorithms that allow international courts to identify genocide groups. It stresses that the international criminal courts have not demonstrated consistency in their assessment of the definition of the groups. Neither have they showed the synchronized understanding of the approaches (objective/subjective, positive/negative, stable/mobile) to be used for the identification of these groups. Therefore, it is further argued that, due to the variability of approaches and strategies used by international courts to identify genocide groups, belonging to the group is a window of opportunity for a contextual reading of international criminal law.
Effect of Inoculation of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Mix I Formulations on Plant Growth, Yield, Disease Incidence and Disease Severity of Rhizoctonia Leaf Blight of Amaranthus (Amaranthus tricolor L.)
Authors: Resmi A.R. , Lovely B. , Jayapal A. , Suja G. , Chitra N.
Published: March 2021

Background: Amaranthus is the most popular and commercially cultivated leafy vegetable in the Southern part of India, especially Tamil Nadu and Kerala which is susceptible to a number of diseases. Among the different diseases affecting amaranth, foliar blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, is considered as the most serious disease in Kerala. Methods: A field experiment was taken up at Onattukara Regional Agricultural Research Station (O.R.A.R.S), Kayamkulam, Alappuzha, Kerala during December 2019 to February 2020 to assess the influence of dust and liquid formulations of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) mix I on growth, yield and disease incidence (Rhizoctonia leaf blight) in amaranthus. Result: The results of the study reveal that maximum number of leaves, number of branches per plant and yield were produced by the plants that were subjected to seedling root dip with 5% talc formulation followed by drenching with 5% talc solution at 30 DAT and 45 DAT. Regardless of talc or liquid formulation of PGPR mix I (2%) seedling dip followed by drenching at 15, 30 and 45 DAT provided the least disease incidence and disease severity in amaranthus at Onattukara condition. Hence use of PGPR mix I is a prerequisite for effective growth, yield and management of leaf blight of amaranthus at Onattukara.
MODEL OLIGOPOLI DENGAN FUNGSI HARGA DAN BIAYA YANG LINIER
Authors: Balya Muhammad Afief , Yulida Yuni , Lestia Aprida Siska
Published: March 2021

Pasar merupakan tulang punggung perekonomian masyarakat, baik masyarakat dikalangan kelas bawah maupun kelas atas. Salah satu jenis pasar yaitu pasar oligopoli. Oligopoli menggambarkan suatu pasar dimana penawaran satu jenis barang dikuasai oleh beberapa perusahaan. Pada teori oligopoli terdapat beberapa model, salah satunya model Cournot. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan terbentuknya model Cournot oligopoli dengan fungsi harga dan biaya yang linier, menentukan best response dari model Cournot oligopoli, menjelaskan terbentuknya model proses penyesuaian dinamis dengan fungsi harga dan biaya yang linier, serta menganalisa kestabilan proses penyesuaian dinamis dengan fungsi harga dan biaya yang linier. Pada penelitian ini digunakan fungsi penerimaan dan fungsi biaya yang diselisihkan untuk membentuk model Cournot oligopoli berupa fungsi keuntungan dan diturunkan satu kali untuk mencari titik kritis yang merupakan best response. Selanjutnya, proses penyesuaian dinamis muncul dengan menggunakan skema penyesuaian Cournot serta analisis kestabilan dengan menggunakan determinan matriks khusus dan polinomial karakteristik. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan model Cournot oligopoli berupa fungsi keuntungan, terdapat tiga best response yang salah satunya menjadi titik ekuilibrium, muncul proses penyesuaian dinamis, dan titik ekuilibrium stabil asimtotik lokal.
Optimasi Suhu dan Waktu Ekstraksi Akar Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia jack.) Menggunakan Metode RSM (response surface methodology) dengan Pelarut Etanol 70%
Authors: Anwar Khoerul , Istiqamah Farida , Hadi Samsul
Published: March 2021

Akar pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) telah lama dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai aprodisiaka. Ekstraksi akar tumbuhan ini dilakukan dengan berbagai pelarut yang salah satunya menggunakan etanol 70%.  Pemilihan pelarut ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh kandungan zat berkhasiat semaksimal mungkin yang ditandai dengan rendemen yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu dan waktu ekstraksi optimum pada proses ekstraksi akar E. longifolia dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Metode OFAT (One Factor at The Time) digunakan pada uji pendahuluan dan metode RSM (Response Surface Methodology) digunakan pada desain eksperimen dengan bantuan software MINITAB 17. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan 13 titik perlakuan dengan kombinasi suhu dan waktu yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa titik optimum rendemen ekstraksi akar E.longifolia sebesar 4,07% diperoleh pada suhu 51,8oC dan waktu 12,13 jam dengan nilai D (desirability) sebesar 0,92. Uji validasi model RSM menunjukkan keakuratan sebesar 97,76%. Model persamaan regresi yang menggambarkan pengaruh suhu dan waktu ekstraksi terhadap rendemen akar E. longifolia adalah Y = - 70,1 + 2,536X1 + 1,387X2 – 0,02389X12 – 0,0464X22 – 0,00500X1X2. Kata Kunci: Eurycoma longifolia Jack., Suhu dan Waktu Ekstraksi, Metode RSM, Etanol 70%The root of the pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) has long been used as a traditional medicine by the Indonesian people as an aphrodisiac. Extraction of plant roots is carried out with various solvents, one of which uses ethanol 70%. The selection of this solvent was carried out to obtain the maximum possible active metabolite content which is characterized by high yield. This study aims to determine the optimum extraction temperature and time in the root extraction process of E. longifolia with 70% ethanol as solvent. The OFAT (One Factor at The Time) method was used in the preliminary test and the RSM (Response Surface Methodology) method was used in the experimental design with the help of MINITAB 17 software. The study was conducted using 13 treatment points with different combinations of temperature and time. The results showed that the optimum yield point of E. longifolia root extraction was 4.07% at a temperature of 51.8°C and extraction time of 12.13 hours with D (desirability) value of 0.92. The validation test of the RSM model shows an accuracy of 97.76%. The regression equation model that describes the effect of temperature and extraction time on the root yield of E. longifolia is Y = - 70.1 + 2.536X1 + 1.387X2 – 0.02389X12 – 0.0464X22 – 0.00500X1X2.
Evaluasi Mutu Pengelolaan Obat di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan
Authors: Anggraeni Ratih , Gultom Roby Pahala Januario
Published: March 2021

Pengelolaan obat pada instalasi farmasi rumah sakit merupakan bagian dari pelayanan kefarmasian yang harus terjamin mutunya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan mutu pengelolaan obat di instalasi farmasi Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia (RSUIPI) Medan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif periode bulan Maret sampai Mei tahun 2020. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara tenaga kefarmasian dan observasi di instalasi farmasi RSUIPI Medan. Indikator aspek pengelolaan obat diukur dari sumber daya manusia, perencanaan obat, pengendalian persediaan obat, penyimpanan obat, serta sarana dan prasarana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan obat, pengendalian persediaan obat, penyimpanan obat, serta sarana dan prasarana sudah memenuhi ketentuan dalam Permenkes RI Nomor 58 tahun 2014. Walaupun demikian, sumber daya manusia masih belum tercukupi sesuai ketentuan peraturan tersebut. Maka dari itu, kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa mutu pengelolaan obat di instalasi farmasi RSUIPI Medan belum memenuhi ketentuan mutu, terutama pada aspek jumlah SDM.  Kata Kunci: pengelolaan obat; instalasi farmasi; apoteker rumah sakit; pelayanan kefarmasian  Drug management in pharmacy installation is a part of pharmacy services whose quality must be guaranteed. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of drug management in the pharmacy installation at the General Hospital Imelda Pekerja Indonesia (RSUIPI) Medan. This study was a descriptive study for the period March-May 2020. Data were collected through interviews with pharmacy personnel and observations at the Pharmacy Installation of RSUIPI Medan. Indicators of drug management aspects are measured from human resources, drugs planning, drug supply control, drug storage, facilities, and infrastructure. The results showed that the drugs planning, controlling drug supply control, drug storage, facilities, and infrastructure had met the requirements in Permenkes RI No 58 (2014). Meanwhile, human resources are still insufficient according to provisions of this regulation. Therefore, the conclusion of this study was that the quality of drug management in the pharmacy installation at RSUIPI Medan has not met the quality requirements, especially in the aspect of the number of human resources.
Analysis of Mineral Density of Calcified Tissues in Children with X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets and Hypophosphatasia Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Data
Authors: Lezhnev Dmitriy , Vislobokova Elena , Kiselnikova Larisa , Sholokhova Natalia , Smyslenova Margarita , Truten Viktor
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the present cohort study was a quantitative assessment of the enamel, dentin, and alveolar bone mineral density (BMD) using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (HLHR) and hypophosphatasia (HPP) and a comparison with the data obtained from the control group. Methods and Results: The unrepresentative, non-random sample included 30 CBCT scans of children with genetically and biochemically confirmed XLHR (OMIM #307800) and HPP (OMIM: 146300, 241510, 241500, and 146300). X-ray examination and dental care were carried out in the Radiology Diagnostics Department and Pediatric Dentistry Department at Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after AI Evdokimov. The mineral density of calcified tissues (enamel, dentin, and alveolar bone) was evaluated using i-CAT Vision TM software options on reconstructed CBCT axial views. The images of all XLHR and HPP patients visualized large pulp chambers with prominent pulp horns extending to the dentin-enamel junction. The present study revealed poor alveolar bone mineralization in patients with HPP and XLHR. Analysis of CBCT scans showed a significant dentine hypodensity in XLHR patients, which may contribute to the emergence of multiple, spontaneous, periapical abscesses spreading rapidly in the jawbone. Conclusion: Data obtained could be used for planning dental treatment of patients with XLHR and HPP.