bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Composite Laminate Veneer Technique for Diastema Closure: A Report of Ten Cases
Authors: Bahşi Emrullah , Callea Michele , İnce Bayram , Montanari Marco , Dallı Mehmet , Batteli Filippo , Akdoğan Mehmet , Gabriella Clarich , Toptancı İsmet Rezani , Gabriela Piana , Yavuz İzzet
Published: July 2017

Aim: Diastemas can be treated using periodontal, surgical, orthodontic, or prosthetic procedures. Composite laminate veneers can be applied to reduce or eliminate diastemas and represent a good aesthetic non-invasive alternative for these patients. This study presents the treatment results of 10 patients with diastemas between the anterior teeth of the maxilla and mandible with composite veneers.

Methodology: Ten patients with diastemas between the anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth complaining of esthetic problems were treated at the Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Dicle. The periodontal health of the patients was acceptable and no caries were detected. Patients were informed of the treatment choices and composite resin veneers were selected as the better approach for each case. The presence of a diastema causes esthetic problems, especially in adolescents. Prosthetic and conservative methods are usually used to treat diastemas because these approaches are minimally invasive. The direct laminate technique has the advantages of low cost, treatment reversibility, and easy repair of the restoration intraorally. The direct composite laminate technique has become more effective because of improvements in adhesive dentistry.

Conclusion: This study describes a direct composite laminate technique for the restoration of the anterior teeth of 10 patients with diastemas. These restorations were conservative and provide an inexpensive, one-visit aesthetic treatment for anterior teeth. 

How to cite this article: Bahşi E, Callea M, İnce B, Montanari M, Dallı M, Batteli F, Akdoğan M, Gabriella C, Toptancı İR, Gabriela P, Yavuz İ. A Composite Laminate Veneer Technique for Diastema Closure: A Report of Ten Cases. Int Dent Res 2012;2:67-74.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Evaluation of the Effect of Needle Tilting Angle on Irrigant Flow in the Root Canal Using Side-Vented Needle by an Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics Model
Authors: Adiguzel Ozkan , Gokcen Mehmet Gokhan , Olcay Ali Bahadir
Published: July 2017

Aim: The Irrigant flow dynamics has strong influence on the root canal cleaning effectiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of needle tilting angle on irrigant flow inside a prepared root canal during final irrigation with a side-vented needle using a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model.
Methodology: To analyze the irrigant flow a CFD model with tilting angles of 0 and 2 degrees was created. The irrigant flow in the apical root canal was simulated. Computations were carried out for two selected flow rates of 0.26 and 0.78 mL/s to evaluate the velocity and turbulence quantities along the solution domain.
Results: In addition to velocity and pressure distribution at the apex, wall shear stress distribution, vorticity and turbulent intensity results were obtained for needle tilting angle of 0 and 2 degrees. In the case of turbulent flows where the flow rate was higher, irrigation is better; however, higher apical pressures were observed for both tilting angles. Although the effect of tilting angle of two degrees for laminar flow was slightly better than zero degrees, the effect of tilting was significant for the turbulent flow case. Wall shear stress distribution, vorticity and turbulent intensity results were consistent with each other.
Conclusions: A small tilting angle of 2 degrees had an effect on irrigation effectiveness which could be clearly observed from the wall shear stress, vorticity and velocity distribution results. The velocity distribution results obtained at the symmetry plane should be evaluated with the wall shear stress values together to observe the complete fluid dynamics structure inside the root canal. 
How to cite this article: Adiguzel O, Gokcen MG, Olcay AB. Evaluation of the Effect of Needle Tilting Angle on Irrigant Flow in the Root Canal Using Side-Vented Needle by an Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics Model. Int Dent Res 2016;6:1-8. 
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Rola języka symbolicznego w edukacji ekonomicznej na przykładzie nazw metaforycznych wykorzystujących domenę złota
Authors: Bielenia‑Grajewska Magdalena
Published: July 2017

The aim of this contribution is to discuss the meaning and symbolism of gold in business communication. To narrow the scope of the research, the author concentrates on the metaphorical names relying on the domain of gold and how they influence different aspects of organizational discourse, especially the educational sphere. Thus, the way metaphors create the names of participants, instruments and strategies of the modern economic discourse is studied in greater detail and how these metaphorical names determine the process of economic education. Keywords: symbolic language, metaphors, communication, human resources.
Wyzwania w zarządzaniu jakością na uczelniach w Polsce – dobre praktyki
Authors: Brdulak Jakub
Published: July 2017

Quality management in universities is often perceived in Poland as a determinant of quality of education. According to the author, it is too narrow approach. The next challenge of quality management in Polish higher education institutions is the problem with accreditation of activities, which is closely identified with control. Examples of foreign universities: Pompeu Fabra University in Spain and Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland show that quality management can generate large benefits for universities. Keywords: quality, higher education, management, best practices, benefits.
Czynniki determinujące liczbę studentów w Polsce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem trendów demograficznych
Authors: Malesa Paulina
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the article is to verify if the demographic changes in the world would influence particular states, most of all if they influence a cohort of students, and if so, in which way. The question seems to be important, especially from the
perspective of the European states, that in majority cannot show even zero level of
population growth, not to mention the positive one. The author has chosen Poland
as the object of their research. Referring to the demographic decline, problems
of universities with recruitment, as well as situation on the labor market and
continuously sustained negative migration balance, the author is trying to answer
the question if from the perspective of the universities, as well as Polish economy,
foreign students are needed or not.

Keywords: educational policy, foreign students, higher education, migration of
students, population forecast.
Praktyki edukacyjne podejmowane przez uczestników XV edycji konkursu Lider Zarządzania Zasobami Ludzkimi
Authors: Rogozińska‑Pawełczyk Anna
Published: July 2017

Effective management of human resources is one of the basic conditions for competitiveness. Organizations recognize the strategic role of human capital and management team is complemented by special efforts in this field. Scientists often have proved the existence of the relationship between high levels of applied
human resource management practices and business performance and the
evidence presented to the positive impact of the recognition of these practices in
a coherent system, giving synergies. Based on the experience of the XV Edition
of the Human Resources Management Leader Competition, one of the oldest
functioning on the Polish market in the field of human resource management, an
attempt to identify the main trend of the modern educational practices of HRM
in organizations operating in Poland.

Keywords: human resource management, HRM practices, competitions in the
field of HRM, HRM standards, educational HRM practices.
Issue of Teamwork in the Context of Theoretical Discourse
Authors: Gražulis Vladimiras
Published: July 2017

In recent decades teamwork has become not only a  popular topic for public discussion, but also the focus of numerous scientific insights. The abundance of publications on this subject suggests that organizing teamwork has become one of the phenomena of organi‑ zational activity. On the other hand, based on his numerous research, the author of the paper raises the question of whether the concept of teamwork analysed in such publications is studied within the framework of scientific concepts. For instance, some authors believe that the only distinguishing feature of a team is an efficiently working group; the formation of the team is a long‑term process and to achieve this the group needs to undergo several stages of development (Hersey, Blanchard, Tuckman, Jensen, Katzenbach, Smith, Liker, Kasiulis, Barvydienė, Savanavičienė, Šilingienė, Gražulis); other authors use these concepts as synonyms (Boddy, Peiton) and analyse them in the context of formal and informal sta‑ tus. Thus, the concept of effective and ineffective teams has become the additional object of the research. Numerous researchers limit their research to the analysis of functional roles within well‑established teams (Benne, Sheats), at the same time neglecting the impact of personality traits on the activity of the work group. Specialists do not agree on the team size (Manz, Sims, Miller, Stoner et. al.), purpose (Meskon, Katzenbach, Smith, Sakalas et. al.), and periodically arising constraints on the team development and the like. As a result, scholars and practitioners perceive the issues of team work differently, thus they often talk at cross purposes. The author of the paper believes that it is expedient to consider the information collected up to now on the topic of teamwork within the overall context of the development of management science, which at the same time would provide for the development of conceptual theoretical proposals for scientific teamwork models (systems).
Integral Knowledge, Innovation and Technology Cluster – New Perspective of Labour Development
Authors: Rutkauskas Aleksandras Vytautas , Gruževskis Boguslavas , Danilevičienė Irena
Published: July 2017

Under the circumstances of rapidly growing globalization and social sustainability deve‑ lopment, the importance of human capital in the context of economic growth is constantly growing. Human capital development and adequate employment development require the acquisition of new knowledge and the use of innovation and knowledge in regular activities. The targeted integration of knowledge, innovation and technologies becomes an essential tool in solutions of country‘s employment problems. The currently available studies lack employment sustainability quantitative measures organized into a  susta‑ inability component, as well as their expressions, so the objective of this article is to reveal the importance of knowledge, innovation and technology cluster for employment growth. In order to achieve this objective, the concept of intelligent specialization and a new cluster of knowledge, innovation and technologies have been introduced to promote efficient solutions to employment problems and to lead to positive changes in the labour market, expanding employment growth. The following methods of research were used in this article: analysis of scientific literature, theoretical and practical statements matching method, statistical analysis.
Uniwersalność i personalizacja modelowania ścieżkowego w badaniu procesów lojalnościowych
Authors: Skowron Łukasz
Published: July 2017

W dobie rewolucji informacyjnej można dostrzec silny wzrost znaczenia zasobów niematerialnych przedsiębiorstw zarówno w procesie wyznaczania ich wartości rynkowej, jak również określania pozycji konkurencyjnej względem innych graczy rynkowych. W niniejszym artykule autor skoncentrował się na prezentacji głównych cech niematerialnych zasobów firmy wraz z  ograniczeniami ich pomiaru, wynikającymi z  ich specyficznego charakteru. Ponadto zostały szczegółowo omówione w  perspektywie trzech różnych sektorów gospodarczych trzy modele ścieżkowe służące do pomiaru jednego z obszarów omawianej grupy zasobów, tj. satysfakcji i lojalności klientów.
Impact of Design Thinking Developing Entrepreneurship
Authors: Wolińska‑Skuza Agnieszka , Skuza Marek
Published: July 2017

The main purpose of the article is to present an innovative approach to
developing entrepreneurial skills through the application of design thinking
methodology used in Design Thinking. The research conducted for several
years by MasConsulting firm confirms that Design Thinking is a  method that
effectively allows to solve complex problems and create innovative solutions.  It
encourages entrepreneurship and collaboration of interdisciplinary teams focused
on diagnosing problems to generate ideas and test the best solutions. The research
also proves that in the coming years on the global markets work performed by
interdisciplinary teams will dominate, and companies using the methodology
of Design Thinking will create most of the innovations. The objective of Design
Thinking is to develop solutions that are cost‑effective, technically feasible and
desired by customers and responding to their real needs.
An Individual or Team – In What Terms Do We Think
about Entrepreneurship
Authors: Krawczyk‑Bryłka Beata
Published: July 2017

Entrepreneurship is usually recognized as the individual behaviour or
process.  At the same time entrepreneurs are presented as the leaders who
should be able to manage the teams and to use teams’ capital to achieve
business goals. There are some resources discussing collective entrepreneurship or
entrepreneurial teams as the conditions for running a company successfully or for
reaching innovative results. The aim of this article is to analyse if individualistic
versus team approach is prevalent and important in business students’ perception
of entrepreneurship and their preferences.  The research conducted on 120
students group indicates these are not the important approaches and the teams’
entrepreneurial capital seems to be undervalued by young Poles. There is some
recommendation concerning support of collaboration attitudes in entrepreneurial
activities.
“Dark Sides” of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Turek Dariusz
Published: July 2017

Entrepreneurship is a  phenomenon that alongside positive aspects and
consequences also includes a  “dark side”. Using opportunities, or creating new
solutions cannot be implemented only for “social good”, but also to the detriment
of social or economic status. Negative and harmful entrepreneurship of individuals
and organizations manifested in actions that violate the law and threaten the basic
social norms is therefore a phenomenon that should be analysed and investigated.
The paper proposes a  method of categorizing “harmful entrepreneurship” on
two dimensions: 1) the activity of individuals – activities of the organization
and 2) the orientation of the external environment – internal orientation of
one environment. The paper also presents various examples of entrepreneurial
behaviour, which is an exemplification of practices inconsistent with the law and
basic social norms.
Psychological Insights Into Decision‑Making
Authors: Jankowska Joanna
Published: July 2017

This paper considers the widely approached problem of how individuals and groups make economic decisions. The author’s belief is that the answer to this question is highly interdisciplinary and lies not only in areas of study such as microeconomic theory and organisational behaviour, but also psychology, neuroscience and ethics. The author attempts to summarise a few chosen, existing models, which can help analyse both logical and psychological aspects of the process, and mentions a new, rising interdisciplinary field of neuroeconomics, which offers high potential for construction of new decision‐making models in the future.
Antynomies of Creative Attitudes of Employees
Authors: Mizera‐Pęczek Patrycja
Published: July 2017

Currently the value of intangible resources of the organisation, such as: knowledge, skills and attitudes of employees, is increasingly important. The most valuable asset of any organisation is a creative attitude of the staff. Creative attitude is a willingness to initiate innovative actions, perseverance in achieving ambitious professional tasks, customized approach to problems and conflicts, skillful shaping of relationships with colleagues. Unfortunately, despite the fact that the psychology of creativity has many aspects, it is still not clear, what is the set of conditions that affect the formation of new, brilliant ideas. Due to insufficient knowledge about the conditions of work of employees, the author poses the question: are there universal methods of shaping the creative attitudes? The aim of the article is to show the extreme approaches to shaping creative attitudes due to the antinomian character of creativity. The article is theoretical. In the first part of the article the author explains the importance of creativity in contemporary organisations, then taking individualistic point of view on creativity, describes the concepts of creative attitudes of employees. In the next part of the article refers to the achievements of pedagogy and psychology of creativity to explain the nature of the antinomian attitudes of creative workers.
Attitudes Towards Work in Projects and Their Determinants
Authors: Piwowar‑Sulej Katarzyna
Published: July 2017

1) What are the differences between work in projects and work in a permanent
organizational unit specialized in a specified area?
2) What attitudes towards work in projects are represented by the labor market
participants?
3) What factors influence the specific attitudes towards work in projects?
In the research process it has been revealed that, i. a., a positive attitude of
employees who have experience with work in projects is influenced by market,
organizational and individual factors. In contrast, the negative attitude of
employees lacking such experience is conditioned by individual, educational and
sub‑cultural determinants.
STRUGGLE FOR THE SO-CALLED RECLAMATION
OF CULTURAL GOODS IN VILNIUS AFTER
WORLD WAR II
Authors: Olkowski Roman
Published: July 2017

The article describes the so-called requisition
campaign carried out in Vilnius city and region and Kaunas,
Lithuania, the aim of which was to recover the cultural heritage
which was supposed to stay abroad as a result of the change of
borders after World War II for the Polish State and its citizens
People connected with the Cultural Department established
by the Polish Committee of National Liberation in
1944 at the Office of the Chief Plenipotentiary for Evacuation
in the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Cultural
Department carried out this activity under the Agreement
between the Polish Committee of National Liberation and
the Government of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
regarding the evacuation of Polish citizens from Soviet
Lithuania and Lithuanian citizens from Poland concerning
the mutual repatriation of peoples.
The article aims to recall the private collections and most
important cultural institutions in Vilnius from the period before
1939 which failed to be transported from Vilnius to
Poland, despite the great efforts of many people. However,
regardless of the result, the actions described and those
who conducted them deserve to be recalled and mentioned
in the subject-matter literature.
Factors that have an influence on bone conduction thresholds changes after otosurgery in the patients operated on due to the perforation of the tympanic membrane with the preserved ossicular chain
Authors: Wiatr Maciej , Wiatr Agnieszka , Kocoń Sebastian , Składzień Jacek
Published: July 2017

Introduction: The aim of the middle ear surgery is to eliminate abnormalities from the mucous, ensure the due airing of the postoperative cavity and reconstruct the sound-conducting system in the middle ear. Numerous reports can be found in literature on the changes to bone conduction as a consequence of middle ear surgery.

Study objective: The aim of the work is to define the factors that affect bone conduction in the patients operated on due to the perforation of the tympanic membrane with the preserved and normal mobile ossicular chain.

Material and method: A prospective analysis of patients operated on due to diseases of the middle ear in 2009–2012 was carried out. The cases of patients operated on for the first time due to chronic otitis media were taken into consideration.
The analysis encompassed the patients who had undergone myringoplasty. The patients were divided into several groups taking into account the abnormalities of the mucous observed during otosurgery.

Results: A significant improvement of bone conduction was observed in the patients with dry perforation, without other lesions in the middle ear. The appropriate pharmacological treatment before otosurgery in patients with permanent discharge from the ear resulted in significant bone conduction improvement. The elimination of granulation lesions turned out to be a positive factor for the future improvement of the function of the inner ear.

Conclusions: The lack of abnormalities on the mucous of the middle ear (e.g. granulation,) and discharge has a positive impact on improvement of bone conduction after myringoplasty. Adhesions in the tympanic cavity, especially in the niche of the round window, have a negative impact on improvement of bone conduction in patients after myringoplasty.
The Principles and Operation of the Bretton Woods International
Monetary System in the Years 1944–1971. The Reasons for Its Collapse
Authors: Klimiuk Zbigniew
Published: July 2017

The subject of the article is an analysis of the role of the US dollar in the development of international trade and the world economy during the period of the Bretton Woods monetary system (1944–1971). The international monetary system existing at that time was, in principle, a gold exchange standard based mainly on the national currency of the United States. However, a relatively small role was also played by other currencies including, in particular, the pound sterling. It should be noted that the Bretton Woods rules did not match the conditions in the world economy which emerged after World War II. The main areas of criticism concerned such assumptions as the maintenance of an official fixed price for gold, or a too narrowly interpreter postulate for the stability of the exchange rate. On the other hand, it should be noted that the introduction of the stability of exchange rates and the abolition of restrictions on payments were fundamentally sound decisions. They led in fact to the minimisation of a risk inherent in international trade and its rapid growth. One should also emphasise the fact that from the very beginning, in the international gold based monetary system there was an internal contradiction (paradox), which eventually led to its collapse. This was namely the fact that the growth in world trade created a growing demand for international liquidity. This was tantamount to a necessity to maintain a permanent balance of payments deficit in respect of the country whose currency was considered the key currency. At the same time, the growing volume of the US currency resulted in an increasing crisis of confidence in the dollar.
Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Authors: Turner Ian M. , Utteridge Timothy M.A.
Published: July 2017

The taxonomy and distribution of Pacific Annonaceae are reviewed in light of recent changes in generic delimitations. A new species of the genus Monoon from the Solomon Archipelago is described, Monoon salomonicum I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov., together with an apparently related new species from New Guinea, Monoon pachypetalum I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov. The confirmed presence of the genus in the Solomon Islands extends the generic range eastward beyond New Guinea. Two new species of Huberantha are described, Huberantha asymmetrica I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov. and Huberantha whistleri I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov., from the Solomon Islands and Samoa respectively. New combinations are proposed: Drepananthus novoguineensis (Baker f.) I.M.Turner & Utteridge comb. nov., Meiogyne punctulata (Baill.) I.M.Turner & Utteridge comb. nov. and Monoon merrillii (Kaneh.) I.M.Turner & Utteridge comb. nov. One neotype and four lectotypes are designated. The geographic patterns exhibited by nine native Annonaceae genera, that range in the Pacific beyond New Guinea, are discussed.
Staffing for the Future
Authors: Bernosky Joseph
Published: July 2017

When today's modern PC‐based SCADA systems entered widespread use roughly 25 years ago, they ushered in significant changes to utility staffing needs. When these SCADA systems were introduced, the information technology (IT) world was no longer just about billing, accounting ledgers, or finance reports; utilities needed operations and maintenance staff who understood networks, control logic, and sensor technology.
A Coming Tsunami for the Water Industry: The Customer's Voice
Authors: Young Kevin
Published: July 2017

When I graduated from university in 1979 in civil engineering, the future of the water industry seemed crystal clear in that, as before, it would focus on construction, growth, and innovation. Australia was growing along with the rest of the world, and it was an exciting time to be an engineer and to build things. Focusing on infrastructure and community building, engineers ruled the water industry (as far as I could tell), and life was easy because there wasn't any real focus on customers. I remember being told that the chief executive officer (CEO) of the company was always on the top floor of the building to be as far away from customers as possible. It's not that they couldn't see their customers, it was just that they needed binoculars to do so. Then the world changed when the industry wasn't looking.
LOMBA FALCÓN, Pedro (2014): Márgenes de la Modernidad. Madrid: Escolar y Mayo
Authors: Ocaña Guzmán Federico
Published: July 2017

Se trata de la reseña del libro Márgenes de la Modernidad. Libertinismo y filosofía en el siglo XVII, de Pedro Lomba, publicado en 2014 por Escolar y Mayo.

Márgenes de la modernidad es un estudio serio y pormenorizado del concepto de libertinismo, su evolución desde una disputa interna al cristianismo, en concreto entre Calvino y la secta liderada por Pocque, en el siglo XVI, hacia una cuestión teológico-política en la que Mersenne, Garasse y otros autores católicos identifican como "libertinos" a escépticos, nuevo epicúreos y deístas como Naudé, La Mothe Le Vayer o Gassendi, cuya vinculación con la secta libertina es nula y que ejemplifican el desafío a los ritos, la concepción de Dios y la crítica de la religión en el siglo XVII.
MANZANERO, Delia (2016): El legado jurídico y social de Giner. Madrid: Publicaciones de la Universidad Pontificia Comillas.
Authors: López Forjas Manuel
Published: July 2017

Reseña del libro: MANZANERO, Delia (2016): El legado jurídico y social de Giner. Madrid: Publicaciones de la Universidad Pontificia Comillas.
Identifier et comprendre les sources de valeur dans l’interaction avec les SSIT ( Self-Service Information Technologies ) en magasin
Authors: Feenstra Florence , Glérant-Glikson Armelle
Published: July 2017

L’essor des SSIT s’inscrit dans un contexte de phygitalisation des points de vente où la recherche d’information devient une expérience interactive. L’analyse de différentes interfaces traditionnelles et émergentes selon leurs fonctions d’aide à la décision et leurs types d’interactivité fournit une cartographie pour arbitrer entre SSIT connectées et non connectées. L’expérimentation de huit SSIT montre que la création de valeur n’est pas toujours évidente, faisant apparaitre des coûts cognitifs, physiques, temporels et sociaux. Si la valorisation fonctionnelle apparait commune, les shoppers évaluent les SSIT non connectées au regard de l’expérience sociale et sensorielle, et les SSIT connectées sur le plan relationnel, réel et virtuel. Cette étude souligne toute l’ambiguïté des comportements d’achat entre besoin d’autonomie et de relation humaine.
Response to Roundtable on French Canadians, Furs, and Indigenous Women in the Making of the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Barman Jean
Published: July 2017

Along with expressing appreciation to the four insightful commentators, this response attends to the two most asked questions respecting the book.  Why did you write it?  And why did you write a book about us?
L’« étonnement » comme ressort de l’expérience : le cas du diagnostic médical
Authors: THIEVENAZ Joris
Published: July 2017

Cet article s’inscrit dans le prolongement d’une réflexion sur le rôle de l’étonnement dans la construction de l’expérience des acteurs en situation de travail. En tant que notion classique de la philosophie, l’étonnement se révèle être un outil opératoire pour analyser les situations d’apprentissage chez l’adulte. Une étude de cas issue de nos recherches sur l’activité de diagnostic du médecin du travail durant la visite médicale des salariés d’entreprise montrera comment « l’entrée par l’étonnement » représente une contribution aux démarches d’intelligibilité de la reconstruction continue de l’expérience des professionnels du soin en situation d’action. Cette contribution est plus largement l’occasion de mieux définir les rapports entre étonnement et apprentissage dans et par l’activité.
Emphasizing the Intrinsic Purpose of Public Administration: A Way Out of the Identity Crisis?
Authors: Karlsson Lars , Börjesson Angelica
Published: July 2017

There is a long-standing discussion, often framed in terms of a crisis, in the literature about the identity of public administration. One of the most salient roots of this alleged crisis is the ideological and political questioning of the role of public administration. We argue in this paper that a way of strengthening the identity of public administration is to reconnect to the fundamental question of its purpose. In order to answer this question, we explore the concept of purpose and relate it to the philosophical and political theoretical discussions about the purpose of the state. We find two kinds of purposes, which we term the instrumentalistic and the intrinsic. If public administration is assigned an intrumentalistic purpose, it is assessed as valuable if the consequences are valuable. If it is assigned an intrinsic purpose, it is assessed as valuable in itself. We conclude that the instrumentalistic purpose of public administration dominates contemporary discourse, and that this contributes to the identity crisis. The article ends with a suggestion that the intrinsic purpose of public administration be given a more salient position in the discussion.
Investigation of the Feasibility of an Intervention to Manage Fall Risk in Wheeled Mobility Device Users with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rice Laura A. , Isaacs Zadok , Ousley Cherita , Sosnoff Jacob
Published: July 2017

Background:

Falls are a common concern for wheeled mobility device users with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, no evidence-based fall prevention programs have been developed to meet the specific needs of the population. We examine the preliminary feasibility of a fall management intervention in wheeled mobility device users with MS.

Methods:

Study participants were exposed to an intervention program targeting risk factors for falls, including transfer skills and seated postural control. The feasibility of the program was evaluated by assessing participant perspectives, cost, recruitment rates, study adherence, participant retention, safety, and the ability to collect primary and secondary outcomes, including fall frequency, concerns about falling, transfer quality, and seated postural control.

Results:

16 wheeled mobility device users completed the program, which was found to be feasible and was positively evaluated by participants. No adverse events were experienced. After exposure to the intervention, fall frequency significantly decreased (P < .001) and transfer quality (P = .001) and seated postural control (P = .002) significantly improved. No significant differences were found regarding concerns about falling (P = .728).

Conclusions:

This study examined the feasibility of an intervention program to manage fall risk in wheeled mobility device users with MS. The program was found to be feasible, and preliminary results showed the intervention to be effective in decreasing fall frequency. Additional testing is needed to further examine the efficacy and long-term impact of the intervention.
Performance of self‐reported HIV status in determining true HIV status among older adults in rural South Africa: a validation study
Authors: Rohr Julia K. , Xavier Gómez‐Olivé F. , Rosenberg Molly , Manne‐Goehler Jennifer , Geldsetzer Pascal , Wagner Ryan G. , Houle Brian , Salomon Joshua A. , Kahn Kathleen , Tollman Stephen , Berkman Lisa , Bärnighausen Till
Published: July 2017

Introduction: In South Africa, older adults make up a growing proportion of people living with HIV. HIV programmes are likely to reach older South Africans in home‐based interventions where testing is not always feasible. We evaluate the accuracy of self‐reported HIV status, which may provide useful information for targeting interventions or offer an alternative to biomarker testing.

Methods: Data were taken from the Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI) baseline survey, which was conducted in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. A total of 5059 participants aged ≥40 years were interviewed from 2014 to 2015. Self‐reported HIV status and dried bloodspots for HIV biomarker testing were obtained during at‐home interviews. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for self‐reported status compared to “gold standard” biomarker results. Log‐binomial regression explored associations between demographic characteristics, antiretroviral therapy (ART) status and sensitivity of self‐report.

Results: Most participants (93%) consented to biomarker testing. Of those with biomarker results, 50.9% reported knowing their HIV status and accurately reported it. PPV of self‐report was 94.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 92.0–96.0), NPV was 87.2% (95% CI: 86.2–88.2), sensitivity was 51.2% (95% CI: 48.2–54.3) and specificity was 99.0% (95% CI: 98.7–99.4). Participants on ART were more likely to report their HIV‐positive status, and participants reporting false‐negatives were more likely to have older HIV tests.

Conclusions: The majority of participants were willing to share their HIV status. False‐negative reports were largely explained by lack of testing, suggesting HIV stigma is retreating in this setting, and that expansion of HIV testing and retesting is still needed in this population. In HIV interventions where testing is not possible, self‐reported status should be considered as a routine first step to establish HIV status.
Taxonomic evaluation of selected Ganoderma species and database sequence validation
Authors: Jargalmaa Suldbold , Eimes John A. , Park Myung Soo , Park Jae Young , Oh Seung-Yoon , Lim Young Woon
Published: July 2017

Species in the genus Ganoderma include several ecologically important and pathogenic fungal species whose medicinal and economic value is substantial. Due to the highly similar morphological features within the Ganoderma, identification of species has relied heavily on DNA sequencing using BLAST searches, which are only reliable if the GenBank submissions are accurately labeled. In this study, we examined 113 specimens collected from 1969 to 2016 from various regions in Korea using morphological features and multigene analysis (internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-α, and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II). These specimens were identified as four Ganoderma species: G. sichuanense, G. cf. adspersum, G. cf. applanatum, and G. cf. gibbosum. With the exception of G. sichuanense, these species were difficult to distinguish based solely on morphological features. However, phylogenetic analysis at three different loci yielded concordant phylogenetic information, and supported the four species distinctions with high bootstrap support. A survey of over 600 Ganoderma sequences available on GenBank revealed that 65% of sequences were either misidentified or ambiguously labeled. Here, we suggest corrected annotations for GenBank sequences based on our phylogenetic validation and provide updated global distribution patterns for these Ganoderma species.
Low Vision Assessment and Rehabilitation
Authors: Dhiman Rebika , Garg Itika , Aggarwal Sneha , Saxena Rohit , Tandon Radhika
Published: July 2017

Low vision and blindness are a growing health problem that adversely affects the quality of life of an individual. Low vision rehabilitation (LVR) is the process of restoring functional ability and improving quality of life and independence of a patient with low vision. Currently India is a home to around one-third to one-fourth of the worldʼs blind population. Lack of awareness about the low vision services are a major drawback in the rehabilitation of a low vision patient in our country. Thus, in this article we discuss about the methods of evaluation of a patient with low-vision and prescription of low vision aids.
Techniques of Bleb Repair
Authors: Sehgal Vineet
Published: July 2017

Filtering bleb-related complications have increased manifold after use of anti metabolites for filtering surgery. Their diagnosis and management is of utmost importance in view of their potentially sight threatening implications. Though there are many conservative treatment modalities like pressure bandage, bandage contact lens, autologus serum & laser treatment etc that can be tried in early small leaks, a large leak with shallow anterior chamber or hypotonous maculopathy warrants surgical repair of the bleb. Various techniques of bleb repair like conjunctival advancement or graft, scleral or pericardium patch and amniotic membrane graft are described that can be tried according to the nature of the leak, surrounding healthy tissue or presence of fistula or suture tract. The results of bleb repair as reported by various studies are encouraging so we can conclude that proper intervention at the proper time can help in preventing vision-threatening complications.
Vasculitis: An Unusual Ocular Manifestation of Dengue Fever
Authors: Jha Shashi Nath , Jaisingh Kirti , Panwar Nidhi , Khosla Amit , Manchanda Neeraj , Khanna Anjani
Published: July 2017

Dengue fever, a mosquito borne viral illness, has become a major community health disease in the past few years in India. Every year the death rates are increasing manifold due to this deadly disease. Its manifestations range from a mild flu like illness to severe hemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome. These fatal complications of dengue are often attributed to bleeding diatheses. Ocular manifestations have also been linked to these bleeding diatheses. However, recent reports have hypothesized an inflammatory component also to these complications. Herein, we report a case of a young girl with retinal vasculitis caused by dengue virus.
Binocular Diplopia Treated with Inferior Rectus Recession and Faden Operation of The Normal Eye in a Case of Blow Out Fracture
Authors: Kapoor Smita , Prabu V. Rajesh , Udayakumar Swarna
Published: July 2017

We report a case of right eye inferior rectus palsy following blow out fracture repair in a 11-year- old boy. The blow out fracture repair was done 2 weeks following trauma. On presentation, the patient was orthotropic in primary gaze with diplopia in downgaze. Cover test revealed (OD) hypertropia and (OS) hypotropia. Prism bar cover test showed maximum hypertropia in depression and dextrodepression. Diplopia charting also revealed maximum separation of images in dextrodepression. Computerized tomography was performed which suggested edema and thickening of (OD) inferior rectus muscle with no entrapment. The patient underwent (OS) 3mm inferior rectus recession and Faden operation (15mm), following which, he was diplopia free on post operative day1, at 1 and 6 months followup. Faden operation (posterior fixation suture) with or without inferior rectus recession of the other eye is a surgical option for inferior rectus palsy.
Delayed Vitreous Blockade of Trabeculectomy Ostium by Old Previous Laser Capsulotomy
Authors: Singh Manavdeep , Jain Kanika
Published: July 2017

Late rise of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) following filtering surgery can be due to blockage of internal ostium with iris, blood or vitreous or bleb fibrosis, progression of disease and loss of efficacy of drugs. In our patient, rise of IOP was due to internal blockade of ostium with vitreous which was identified on slit lamp evaluation and gonioscopy and confirmed by anterior segment OCT (ASOCT). The source of this vitreous was laser capsulotomy performed two years prior to trabeculectomy. The patient underwent right eye anterior vitrectomy. Postoperative IOP was well controlled without any anti-glaucoma medication with a follow up of eight months. This case highlights the importance of gonioscopy in well controlled patients of glaucoma who have sudden rise of IOP, even if they have a functioning bleb and also highlights that a very simple procedure of anterior vitrectomy can help in long term control of IOP in these patients.
Eyelash In Anterior Chamber: An Unusual Intraocular Foreign Body
Authors: Bhalla Jatinder Singh , Lal Pooja
Published: July 2017

We are hereby describing a patient who presented with an unusual intraocular foreign body, a cilia in the anterior chamber. The eyelash got implanted in the iris tissue following a penetrating self sealing corneal injury, and the patient presented with redness in the eye and blurring of vision. On examination, we found there was an eyelash in the anterior chamber with traumatic cataract. He was operated for cataract and the eyelash was removed and sent for pathological examination. The postoperative three month period was uneventful with a final visual outcome of 20/20.
Management of Complex Tractional Retinal Detachments In Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Temkar Shreyas , Mutha Vineet , Meena Seema , Chawla Rohan , Vohra Rajpal , Venkatesh Pradeep , Kumar Atul
Published: July 2017

Fibrovascular proliferations and tractional retinal detachment in patients with proliferative diabetic vitrectomy pose unique challenges in management. Surgical outcomes have improved with the availability of modern instrumentation and pharmacotherapy. The availability of anti- VEGF agents, small gauge instruments, bimanual techniques and intraoperative optical coherence tomography have reduced the overall risk of complications and improved the visual outcomes.
Management of Ciliary Body Staphyloma and Complicated Cataract with Cadaveric Scleral Patch and Superimposed Amniotic Membrane Grafting
Authors: Patil Sandip , Gohil Neepa , Parekh Nilesh , Jethva Jignesh
Published: July 2017

Scleral thinning and associated ciliary body staphyloma can be managed with cadaveric scleral patch grafting. Such allogeneic scleral grafts are easy to store and use in reconstruction of scleral defects. Herein we report how a cadaveric scleral patch with superimposed amniotic membrane grafting is helpful in maintaining the structural integrity of the globe while avoiding complications associated with scleral patch grafting alone.
Limited southward underthrusting of the Asian lithosphere and material extrusion beneath the northeastern margin of Tibet, inferred from teleseismic Rayleigh wave tomography
Authors: Wei Xiaozhuo , Jiang Mingming , Liang Xiaofeng , Chen Ling , Ai Yinshuang
Published: July 2017

The northeastern margin of Tibet is of key importance in understanding the uplift and expansion of Tibetan Plateau. In this research, we perform Rayleigh wave tomography from 20 s to 167 s using the data recorded by China Digital Seismic Network and several portable seismic arrays in Northeastern Tibet and adjacent areas. Our resultant 3‐D shear wave velocity model exhibits strong lateral variations in the lithosphere. High shear wave velocities are observed in the mantle of the cratonic Ordos and Yangtze Blocks, as well as the East Qinling Orogen. The Qilian Orogen is underlain by a ∼120 km thick lithosphere of intermediate velocities and a low‐velocity layer of asthenospheric mantle below the depth of 120 km. Low velocities are characteristic in the middle‐to‐lower crust of the Songpan‐Ganzi Terrane and the West Qinling Orogen, possibly representing the crustal flow penetrating the Kunlun Fault. An uppermost mantle low‐velocity zone is found in the same location, indicating either the asthenosphere upwelling or the transitional crust‐mantle boundary layer. Our observations have two tectonic implications. First, the large‐scale eastward Tibetan material extrusion into Eastern China through the East Qinling Orogen is unlikely to be an ongoing process above 200 km depth; second, the southward subduction of the North China Craton toward Northeastern Tibet may not have fully developed in this region. Furthermore, we propose that the difference in the lithospheric strength between the Qaidam Block and the West Qinling Orogen is a critical element to control the tectonics in the northeastern margin of Tibet.
Multivariate quadrature for representing cloud condensation nuclei activity of aerosol populations
Authors: Fierce Laura , McGraw Robert L.
Published: July 2017

Atmospheric aerosol is composed of distinct multicomponent particles that are continuously modified as they are transported in the atmosphere. Resolving variability in particle physical and chemical properties requires tracking high‐dimensional probability density functions, which is not practical in large‐scale atmospheric simulations. Reduced representations of atmospheric aerosol are needed for efficient regional‐ and global‐scale chemical transport models. Although the aerosol size‐composition distribution is described by a high‐dimensional probability density function, here we show that cloud condensation nuclei activity of aerosol populations can be represented with high accuracy using an optimized set of representative particles. The sparse representation of the aerosol mixing state, designed for use in quadrature‐based moment models, is constructed from a linear program that is combined with an entropy‐inspired cost function. Unlike reduced representations common to large‐scale atmospheric models, such as modal and sectional schemes, the maximum‐entropy approach described here is not confined to predetermined size bins or assumed distribution shapes. This study is a first step toward a quadrature‐based aerosol scheme that will track multivariate aerosol distributions with sufficient computational efficiency for large‐scale simulations.