bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Detecting Properties of New Linear and Macrocyclic O,O′-Aminobenzyl BINOL Derivatives
Authors: Sergeev A. D. , Yakushev A. A. , Malysheva A. S. , Averin A. D. , Beletskaya I. P.
Published: February 2025

A series of O-halobenzyl and O,O′-bis(halobenzyl) derivatives of (S)-1,1′-bi(2-naphthol) (BINOL) have been synthesized, and their amination in the presence of palladium and copper catalysts has been studied. As a result, a new family of macrocyclic and linear BINOL derivatives with various substituents at the oxygen atoms, including those possessing additional chiral centers, has been obtained. The synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their detecting properties toward metal cations by UV and fluorescence titration. Among the obtained open-chain derivatives, a potential fluorescent sensor for Al3+ cations has been found due to multiple emission enhancement. In addition, a fluorescent molecular probe for Hg2+ and Al3+ has been identified. Among the macrocyclic derivatives, the compound with the longest trioxadiamine linker can be used as a molecular probe for Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions due to fluorescence enhancement with a red shift, as well as for Al3+ and Hg2+ ions due to strong fluorescence enhancement without change of the position of the emission maximum.
Fifteen-minute consultation: Restricted eating
Authors: Kohli-Lynch Maya , Cunningham Corrie , Dalrymple Rebecca Amy , Livingstone Jennifer , Fraser Emily , Russell Shiuli , Laraway Sarah
Published: February 2025

Restricted eating in children refers to a child having a limited and repetitive food profile and being at risk of developing nutritional deficits and/or weight faltering. This article aims to provide definitions of common terms used in relation to restricted eating, and provide an overview of assessment, differential diagnosis, initial management and thresholds for onward referral.
Structured lactation support for mothers of very low birthweight preterm infants and establishment of human donor milk banks in German NICUs (Neo-MILK): protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dymek Nicola Gabriela , Jaschke Julia , Stirner Anna Katharina , Schwab Isabella , Ohnhäuser Tim , Wiesen Daniel , Dresbach Till , Scholten Nadine , Köberlein-Neu Juliane
Published: February 2025

Background

Human milk, especially mother’s own milk (MOM), is vital for newborns and crucial for very low birthweight (VLBW, <1500 g) preterm infants, who face increased vulnerability. As the production of MOM may be impeded due to preterm birth, it is important to provide lactation support and establish human donor milk (HDM) banks to provide HDM when MOM is fully or initially absent. This protocol describes the design of a study evaluating the effectiveness, implementation and economic aspects of an intervention, which aims to ensure access to MOM or HDM for VLBW infants from the first day of life in German neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Methods and analysis

The hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomised controlled trial, using a stepped-wedge design, will be conducted in 15 level I and level II NICUs across Germany over 26 months. VLBW infants and their mothers will receive either standard care or the Neo-MILK intervention according to the NICU’s group status. The primary outcome is the proportion of VLBW infants exclusively fed with MOM at NICU discharge. Secondary outcomes at infant level include feeding patterns, complications, length of stay and frequency of feeding with HDM. Maternal-level secondary outcomes cover lactation/breastfeeding decision and behaviour. A process evaluation and an economic analysis will accompany the study. The data set comprises survey and interview data and routinely collected data from medical records. Statistical analysis will be performed using generalised linear mixed models.

Ethics and dissemination

Data collection, storage and analysis comply with current data protection regulations. This study has received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne and the local ethics committees of the participating NICUs. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and on the project website.

Trial registration number

DRKS00025058.
An investigator-blinded, 24-month, parallel-group, non-inferiority study to compare aesthetic restorations in primary anterior teeth in a paediatric dental clinic: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gimenez Thais , Sobral Ana Paula Taboada , Santos Elaine Marcilio , Gonçalves Marcela Letícia Leal , Ferri Elza Padilha , Gallo Juliana Maria Altavista Sagretti , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Motta Lara Jansiski , Imparato José Carlos Pettorossi , Bussadori Sandra Kalil
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Children who suffer from severe caries in childhood may have negative impacts on the growth, development, nutritional problems and quality-of-life problems related to the oral health of the child and their family. There are no studies that have compared rehabilitative techniques of primary anterior teeth regarding patient-centred outcomes and even longevity of the restoration. Thus, this project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of restorative treatment of anterior primary teeth with monochromatic composite resin in single insertion through polyvinyl crowns, after selective removal of carious tissue compared with the effectiveness of conventional restoration.

Methods and analysis

This study proposes to conduct a randomised clinical trial, composed of a sample of 194 deciduous central and lateral incisors with active cavitated lesions, simplified International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) C+ score (active and extensive stage caries: ICDAS 5 and 6), with involvement of more than two surfaces. This sample will be divided into two experimental groups, both with selective removal of carious tissue: a group in which conventional restoration will be performed using opaque resins, and another group with monochrome resin with chameleon effect and polyvinyl crowns. The explanatory variables—gender, age, toothbrushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste and dental floss, and socioeconomic status—will be collected through a questionnaire with open questions. The progression of caries lesions after 24 months of follow-up will be considered as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes will include tooth survival, longevity of restoration, quality of life, perception and satisfaction of the participants’ parents/guardians.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (protocol number: 6.019.297. Approved 24 April 2023). Results will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT05875064.
Annual versus biannual azithromycin mass drug administration for the elimination of infectious trachoma in Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis using data from individual communities
Authors: Zeru Taye , Keenan Jeremy David , Aragie Solomon , Degu Getu
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Trachoma is an infectious eye disease caused byChlamydia trachomatisand the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. WHO recommends community-wide oral azithromycin treatment as part of its trachoma elimination strategy. WHO initially recommended mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin once per year for several years, followed by reassessment. However, some districts have failed to eliminate trachoma even after a decade of annual MDA with azithromycin. As a result, WHO has recently advocated for more frequent antibiotics in districts with persistent trachoma. Although no specific frequency of antibiotic distributions has been recommended, several randomised trials have compared annual with biannual mass azithromycin distributions. This review aims to synthesise the available data to assess the effectiveness of biannual azithromycin MDA relative to annual MDA.

Methods and analysis

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar will be searched for studies comparing annual and biannual mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma. Community-level data will be extracted using a standardised data extraction form. Authors will be asked to contribute community-level data not available in the manuscript. The main outcome will beC. trachomatisinfection among 1–9-year-old children, expressed as a community-level prevalence. A secondary outcome will be the presence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular. The analysis will follow principles of a one-stage individual participant data meta-analysis using complete case mixed-effects regression models with a random effect for study to model community-level prevalence data. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed with theI2statistic.

Ethics and dissemination

The research will use community-aggregated data and is thus exempt from ethical approval. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024526120.
Multicentre, 26-week, open-label phase 2 trial of the JAK inhibitor filgotinib in Behçet’s disease, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and IgG4-related disease: DRIMID study protocol
Authors: Geertsema-Hoeve Bettina C , van Laar Jan A M , Raaphorst Joost , Tas Sander W , Welsing Paco M J , Goekoop Robbert J , Checa Cesar Magro , Thurlings Rogier M , Rekers Nicolle H , Present Erik , van Laar Jacob M
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Research into novel therapies for rare, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) faces significant challenges, including small patient populations, complex clinical trial design and difficulties in patient recruitment. Patients with Behçet’s disease (BD), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) typically undergo treatment involving prolonged administration of high-dose glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. Both are associated with an increased risk of infection. Additionally, glucocorticoids carry long-term toxicity risks. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop more targeted and effective anti-inflammatory treatments. Given the activation of the type 1 interferon pathway in BD, IIM and IgG4-RD, inhibition of the Janus kinase (JAK) STAT pathway emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy. The Drug Rediscovery in IMIDs (DRIMID) consortium aims to conduct a prospective pilot basket trial to investigate the effects of filgotinib, a JAK1 preferential inhibitor approved for ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis, on disease activity, quality of life and safety in patients with refractory BD, IIM and IgG4-RD.

Methods and analysis

In this investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label phase 2 study, up to 60 patients with rare IMIDs will be enrolled for a 26-week treatment period with filgotinib 200 mg once daily. The trial consists of two stages, each involving a consecutively treated cohort of up to 20 patients per disease. An interim analysis is conducted between these stages, where the trial will proceed only in diseases showing potential effectiveness. Baseline, 3-month and 6-month assessments will include data on quality of life, disease activity, corticosteroid toxicity and biomarkers. The coprimary endpoints are disease activity and quality of life across and within each disease.

Ethics and dissemination

The study received approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee in Utrecht, Netherlands. A Data Safety Monitoring Board has been established to monitor the trial’s safety and progress.

Trial registration number

NCT06285539.
Infrared illumination for difficult peripheral venous catheterisation in critically ill adult patients: the prospective, randomised, multicentre ICARE trial
Authors: Ouedraogo Rachida , Alves Aline , Bruant Amélie , Sy Oumar , Tabra Osorio Cécilia , Schortgen Frédérique , Chenal Amélie , Contou Damien , Krzyzaniak Laurence , Fartoukh Muriel , Le Joncour Marianne , Mongardon Nicolas , Ait Benaissa Latifa , Da Silva Daniel , Bouguerra Meriem , Demeret Sophie , Tanguy Dubois Stéphanie , Starczala Eric , Petyt Chirine , Schmidt Matthieu , Dezellus Séverine , Georger Jean Francois , Pallud Ann-Cécile , Carras Damien , Boussely Fabien , Audureau Etienne , Mekontso Dessap Armand
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The insertion of a peripheral venous line is of paramount importance in the stabilisation of critically ill patients. It is a preferred method of venous access over more invasive techniques due to its immediacy and fewer complications. Difficulties of catheterisation can result in delays to treatment, increased complication risks and pain, and a waste of valuable time and healthcare resources. Our hypothesis is that infrared vein illumination could improve the success rate of peripheral venous catheterisation in critically ill patients at risk of difficult catheterisation.

Methods and analysis

This is a prospective, multicentre, randomised, open-label controlled trial. It will be conducted in France and will involve critically ill patients at risk of difficult peripheral catheterisation. Patients will be randomly assigned to usual care or infrared vein illumination. The primary outcome is the rate of successful peripheral venous catheterisation at first puncture. Secondary outcomes include time to placement, overall rate of successful peripheral venous catheterisation, number of punctures, quality (calibre of the catheter), replacement rate, need for central line and local complications (dysfunction, diffusion, haematoma and lymphangitis).

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been granted ethical approval (CPP Ile de France 1). Following the provision of informed consent, patients will be included in the study. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT03932214.
Cross-sectional design and protocol for Artificial Intelligence Ready and Equitable Atlas for Diabetes Insights (AI-READI)
Authors: Owsley Cynthia , Matthies Dawn S , McGwin Gerald , Edberg Jeffrey C , Baxter Sally L , Zangwill Linda M , Owen Julia P , Lee Cecilia S
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Artificial Intelligence Ready and Equitable for Diabetes Insights (AI-READI) is a data collection project on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to facilitate the widespread use of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) approaches to study salutogenesis (transitioning from T2DM to health resilience). The fundamental rationale for promoting health resilience in T2DM stems from its high prevalence of 10.5% of the world’s adult population and its contribution to many adverse health events.

Methods

AI-READI is a cross-sectional study whose target enrollment is 4000 people aged 40 and older, triple-balanced by self-reported race/ethnicity (Asian, black, Hispanic, white), T2DM (no diabetes, pre-diabetes and lifestyle-controlled diabetes, diabetes treated with oral medications or non-insulin injections and insulin-controlled diabetes) and biological sex (male, female) (Clinicaltrials.org approval number STUDY00016228). Data are collected in a multivariable protocol containing over 10 domains, including vitals, retinal imaging, electrocardiogram, cognitive function, continuous glucose monitoring, physical activity, home air quality, blood and urine collection for laboratory testing and psychosocial variables including social determinants of health. There are three study sites: Birmingham, Alabama; San Diego, California; and Seattle, Washington.

Ethics and dissemination

AI-READI aims to establish standards, best practices and guidelines for collection, preparation and sharing of the data for the purposes of AI/ML, including guidance from bioethicists. Following Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable principles, AI-READI can be viewed as a model for future efforts to develop other medical/health data sets targeted for AI/ML. AI-READI opens the door for novel insights in understanding T2DM salutogenesis. The AI-READI Consortium are disseminating the principles and processes of designing and implementing the AI-READI data set through publications. Those who download and use AI-READI data are encouraged to publish their results in the scientific literature.
The microvelocity of money in Ethereum
Authors: De Collibus Francesco Maria , Campajola Carlo , Tessone Claudio J.
Published: February 2025

The transfer velocity of money is a macroeconomic quantity that measures the frequency of exchanges in an economy. For cryptoassets it can be exactly measured adopting a new approach, MicroVelocity. In this study we apply the framework to Ether, the native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum blockchain, to investigate velocity and its top contributors and how they can be characterised in the Ethereum ecosystem. While the inequalities and heterogeneity in wealth are well known, we here find that the same inequalities occur as well for MicroVelocity distribution and that this inequality is not explained just by wealth, but rather by the behaviour and economic activity of each individual agent.
Analytical investigation of the fractional Klein–Gordon equation along with analysis of bifurcation, sensitivity and chaotic behaviors
Authors: Gu Yongyi , Lai Yongkang
Published: February 2025

The fractional Klein–Gordon equation (fKGE) holds a crucial position in various fields of theoretical and applied physics, with wide applications covering different areas such as nonlinear optics, condensed matter physics, and quantum mechanics. In this paper, we carry out analytical investigation to the fKGE with beta fractional derivative by using the Bernoulli [Formula: see text]-expansion method and improved [Formula: see text]-expansion method. In order to better comprehend the physical structure of the obtained solutions, three-dimensional visualizations, contour diagrams, and line graphs of the exponent function solutions are depicted with the aid of Matlab. Moreover, the phase portraits and bifurcation behaviors of the fKGE under transformation are studied. Sensitivity and chaotic behaviors are analyzed in specific conditions. The phase plots and time series map are exhibited through sensitivity analysis and perturbation factors. These studies enhance our understanding of practical phenomena governed by the model of fKGE, and are crucial for examining the dynamic behaviors and phase portraits of the fKGE system. The strategies utilized here are more direct and effective, which can be effortlessly utilized to various fractional-order differential equations arising in nonlinear optics and quantum mechanics.
AN IMPLICIT DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR SOLVING COUPLED MOBILE/IMMOBILE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS WITH GENERALIZED TIME-FRACTIONAL OPERATORS
Authors: ZENG SHENGDA , DU JINSHENG , TIMOSHIN SERGEY A
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces an implicit difference scheme for solving a specific class of coupled mobile/immobile transport systems involving generalized time-fractional operators, in which we discretize the derivative with respect to time using the first-order backward difference method. To handle the generalized fractional-order derivative, we employ the [Formula: see text] discretization formula. We approximate the spatial derivative with the help of the formula for the central difference method. The main contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, the energy method is applied to establish the convergence and stability of an implicit difference scheme under the [Formula: see text] norm. Second, we study two examples and provide numerical results to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical results we obtained.
A NEUROMORPHIC ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE PATTERNS FOR COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL FRACTAL MODELING
Authors: ALZU’BI SHADI , KANAN TAREK , ELBES MOHAMMED , ALMIANI MUDER
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the use of neuromorphic computing, particularly spiking neural networks (SNNs) and advanced neuromorphic hardware, to model and forecast climate patterns. Our neuromorphic system achieves high prediction accuracy, maintaining a Mean Squared Error (MSE) as low as 0.08, even with increasing data volumes. The system operates with notable energy efficiency, consuming just 0.15 J per inference at higher data loads. This efficiency, coupled with a throughput of 800 inferences per second, underscores the system’s capability to handle large-scale data effectively. The neuromorphic approach addresses key challenges in scalability and energy consumption, presenting a robust solution for real-time climate data analysis. By continuously adapting to new data inputs, the system ensures accurate and timely predictions, essential for applications in environmental monitoring and decision-making. The integration of artificial intelligence algorithms with neuromorphic architectures not only reduces computational costs but also enhances the interpretability of complex climate dynamics. These findings highlight the transformative potential of brain-like computing in environmental modeling, offering a scalable, efficient, and adaptable tool for climate prediction and analysis.
My Career-limiting Communication
Authors: Matsudaira Kate
Published: February 2025

Be thoughtful about how you present your content. Whether in email, documents, or slides, use punchy visuals to make content easier to digest with your most important points clearly highlighted. Make sure that data, charts, and photos are unambiguously labeled, with any caveats noted. In general, steer away from pie charts, averages, and percentages. That's because, as popular as these devices might be, they often manage to tell only part of the story and miss opportunities to highlight the relative size of datasets, outliers, or trends over time.
"Digital Content for a Generation that Will Live to Witness the End Times" Nostalgia and Social Change in Demagog Studio's Post-Apocalyptic Meta-Communication
Authors: Mejía-Alandia Diego A.
Published: February 2025

This paper considers the aesthetics and nostalgic discourses found in the post-apocalyptic gameworlds portrayed by Serbian indie game developer Demagog Studio as well as examines the public performances and interviews of its CEO, Igor Simić, as signs of extra-game communication and meta-communication processes, respectively. Adding to its framework the concepts of Empire and Multitude, as well as drawing on literature on the politics and aesthetics of the post-communist trend known as Yugonostalgia, this paper carries out an aesthetic and narratological close-reading analysis of a direct play of Demagog Studio’s games and of examples of the studio’s promotional content. As a result, this analysis argues that these extra-game and meta-communication processes not only turn the studio’s games into survival manuals—that intend to prepare players to meet the needs of the upcoming apocalypse—but also aim to help players read the signals present in contemporary events and digital culture.
Deep Learning Library Testing: Definition, Methods and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Jiang Weipeng , Shen Chao , Li Qi , Wang Qian , Lin Chenhao , Guan Xiaohong
Published: February 2025

Recently, software systems powered by deep learning (DL) techniques have significantly facilitated people’s lives in many aspects. As the backbone of these DL systems, various DL libraries undertake the underlying optimization and computation. However, like traditional software, DL libraries are not immune to bugs. These bugs may be propagated to programs and software developed based on DL libraries, thereby posing serious threats to users’ personal property and safety. Studying the characteristics of DL libraries, their associated bugs, and the corresponding testing methods is crucial for enhancing the security of DL systems and advancing the widespread application of DL technology. This paper provides an overview of the testing research on various DL libraries, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of existing methods, and provides guidance and reference for the application of DL library testing methods. This paper first introduces the workflow of DL underlying libraries and the characteristics of three kinds of DL libraries involved, namely DL framework, DL compiler, and DL hardware library. Subsequently, this paper constructs a literature collection pipeline and comprehensively summarizes existing testing methods on these DL libraries to analyze their effectiveness and limitations. It also reports findings and the challenges of existing DL library testing in real-world applications for future research.
A New Dynamic Countermeasure to Strengthen Design Obfuscation in FPGAs
Authors: Sunkavilli Sandeep , Chennagouni Nishanth , Yu Qiaoyan
Published: February 2025

FPGAs are being challenged by various security threats, including reverse engineering attacks, hardware tampering, and side-channel analysis attacks. Although the existing static obfuscation methods can protect FPGA systems from IP piracy and hardware tampering, limited work is available to improve the attack resilience of obfuscation modules. As hardware Trojans are one of the most significant hardware tampering attacks on FPGAs, this work aims for the specific hardware Trojan that attempts to nullify design obfuscation. To address this need, we leverage the advanced function of FPGA CAD tools to propose a Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration enabled Design Obfuscation (DPReDO) method. Our method partially modifies the FPGA bitstream at runtime to remove the sabotaged obfuscation variant, thus offering enhanced attack resilience against hardware Trojans. Experimental results based on ISCAS and ITC-99 benchmark circuits show that the DPReDO method reduces the Trojan hit rate by up to 80% over existing static obfuscation with less than 3% hardware overhead. To test the practical feasibility of the proposed countermeasure, we further apply DPReDO to an FPGA-accelerated computation engine for a financial application. Compared to static obfuscation, the proposed DPReDO only incurs 2.6% and 1.2% more FPGA LUTs and slices, respectively.
Probing Ion-Blocking Electrode Rigs for Ionic Conductivity in Hybrid Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Glassey Kyra , Roman-Martinez Gabriela , DeLatte Liliana , Burns Thomas , Sadati Monirosadat , Coman Paul T. , White Ralph E.
Published: February 2025

Solid electrolytes are critical for structural batteries, combining energy storage with structural strength for applications like electric vehicles and aerospace. However, achieving high ionic conductivity remains challenging, compounded by a lack of standardized testing methodologies. This study examines the impact of experimental setups and data interpretation methods on the measured ionic conductivities of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). SPEs were prepared using a polymer-induced phase separation process, resulting in a bi-continuous microstructure for improved ionic transport. Eight experimental rigs were evaluated, including two- and four-electrode setups with materials like stainless steel, copper, and aluminum. Ionic conductivity was assessed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, with analysis methods comparing cross-sectional and surface-area-based approaches. Results showed that the four-electrode stainless steel setup yielded the highest ionic conductivity using the cross-sectional method. However, surface-area-based methods provided more consistent results across rigs. Copper setups produced lower conductivities but exhibited less data variability, indicating their potential for reproducible measurements. These findings highlight the critical influence of experimental design on conductivity measurements and emphasize the need for standardized testing protocols. Advancing reliable characterization methods will support the development of high-performance solid electrolytes for multifunctional energy storage applications.
A Cross‐Sectional Descriptive Study on the Challenges and Prospects in Livestock Production and Marketing in the Pastoral Areas: The Case of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Rahmeto , Yesigat Abate , Afesha Nigussie , Fedilu Akalewold , Girma Mulye , Abayneh Yaynabeba , Welearegay Haile , Mulatu Mebratu
Published: February 2025

The pastoral regions of Ethiopia rely heavily on livestock production and marketing. This sector offers significant opportunities but also faces several challenges. Addressing these challenges while capitalizing on the opportunities in livestock marketing is crucial for sustainable economic growth. This study aimed to explore the challenges and opportunities in the livestock marketing system of the South Omo Zone in Ethiopia. A cross‐sectional design was employed, integrating both qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative component involved a survey of 383 households (230 male and 153 female) across four districts, while the qualitative aspect included eight focus group discussions, 24 key informant interviews, market observations, and document reviews. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, percentiles, means, ranges, and standard deviations, while qualitative data were examined for themes and patterns through a process of scanning and marking. The study identified several challenges in livestock production and marketing, including a high illiteracy rate, livestock diseases, scarcity of feed and water, drought, price instability, broker influence, poor coordination among stakeholders, inadequate infrastructure, insufficient veterinary service, limited access to market information, and sociocultural barriers. Conversely, the study also highlighted significant opportunities, such as high demand for pastoral livestock, a large livestock population, supportive institutions, growth in primary livestock markets, favorable government policies, and the presence of abundant land near a large river. In conclusion, the study outlined key challenges and opportunities in livestock production and marketing in the South Omo pastoral areas. Addressing these challenges and leveraging the opportunities is essential for fostering sustainable economic development in the region.
Determination and Pharmacokinetics of Acetylcorynoline in Mouse Plasma by UPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Xu Mengzhi , Dong Xicheng , Fan Yishun , Wang Yucan , Xu Jinmiao , Ma Jianshe , Yu Xiaomin
Published: February 2025

Acetylcorynoline is an alkaloid isolated from the tubers of Corydalis ambigua Cham. et Schltdl. It has anti‐inflammatory properties with the potential to treat Parkinson’s disease. However, the use of UPLC–MS/MS for identifying acetylcorynoline in mouse plasma has not yet been explored. The present study aimed to develop a fast and selective method for determining the amount of acetylcorynoline in mouse plasma using UPLC–MS/MS. Plasma samples (10 μL) were prepared using methanol‐induced protein precipitation following the addition of aconitine as an internal standard. The chromatographic separation was accomplished using a UPLC HSS T3 column with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase. The analytes were run for 4.0 min in total. The target fragment ions m/z 410.4 ⟶ 350.3 for acetylcorynoline and m/z 646.6 ⟶ 586.5 for internal standard were used for quantification using multiple reaction monitoring mode. The mouse blood was obtained at different time points after intravenous (5 mg/kg) and oral (20 mg/kg) administration of acetylcorynoline. The calibration plots for acetylcorynoline in mouse plasma showed a linear trend over the whole range of 1–2000 ng/mL. Both the intraday and interday precision relative standard deviations were less than 11%. The half‐life in mice was found to be 2.6 ± 0.7 h and 2.7 ± 0.8 h following oral and intravenous administration, respectively. The bioavailability was determined to be 58.9%. The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of acetylcorynoline in mice were effectively analyzed using this UPLC–MS/MS method, which had a runtime of 4 min per sample and required only 10 μL of plasma.
Table S2 from A Screen-and-Treat Strategy for Eradication of Helicobacter pylori among Patients with Family History of Gastric Cancer in a Diverse US Population
Authors: Zia Mona , Park Steven , Chen Qiaoling , Luong Tiffany Q. , Lustigova Eva , Jeon Christie Y. , Chen Wansu , Wu Bechien U.
Published: February 2025

Table S2 shows the survey responses for discrete-option questions, stratified by interest in screening for H. pylori (n = 280).
Table S3 from Biomarkers of Exposure to Nicotine and Selected Toxicants in Individuals Who Use Alternative Tobacco Products Sold in Japan and Canada from 2018 to 2019
Authors: Miller Connor R. , Schneller-Najm Liane M. , Leigh Noel J. , Agar Thomas , Quah Anne CK. , Cummings K. Michael , Fong Geoffrey T. , O’Connor Richard J. , Goniewicz Maciej L.
Published: February 2025

Biomarker exposures among participants who exclusively used CC in ITC JCH, stratified by country of residence.
Table S1 from Biomarkers of Exposure to Nicotine and Selected Toxicants in Individuals Who Use Alternative Tobacco Products Sold in Japan and Canada from 2018 to 2019
Authors: Miller Connor R. , Schneller-Najm Liane M. , Leigh Noel J. , Agar Thomas , Quah Anne CK. , Cummings K. Michael , Fong Geoffrey T. , O’Connor Richard J. , Goniewicz Maciej L.
Published: February 2025

Associations between biomarkers of exposure and nicotine product use in multivariable linear regression models.
Supplementary table 8 from Mammographic Density in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk Factors among Chinese Women
Authors: Koka Hela , Tian Yuan , Deng Lu , Yu Kai , Li Er-Ni , Guo Changyuan , Guida Jennifer L. , Sung Hyuna , Chan Ariane , Hu Nan , Lu Ning , Gierach Gretchen L. , Li Jing , Yang Xiaohong R.
Published: February 2025

Associations between absolute dense (ADV), non-dense (NDV), and percent dense (PDV) volumes with breast cancer risk factors among 2,293 women with negative diagnostic findings (BI-RADS 1).
Supplementary table 7 from Mammographic Density in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk Factors among Chinese Women
Authors: Koka Hela , Tian Yuan , Deng Lu , Yu Kai , Li Er-Ni , Guo Changyuan , Guida Jennifer L. , Sung Hyuna , Chan Ariane , Hu Nan , Lu Ning , Gierach Gretchen L. , Li Jing , Yang Xiaohong R.
Published: February 2025

Association between percent dense volume (PDV) and cumulative breastfeeding duration when stratified by number of live births.
Supplementary Table 3 from Adverse Birth and Obstetric Outcomes in the Offspring of Male Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Kao Wei-Heng , Chuang Yi-Fang , Huang Yi-Wei , Chen Po-Jui , Liu Yu-Cheng , Wang Chun-Chieh , Hsu Jun-Te , Shueng Pei-Wei , Kuo Chang-Fu
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table 3: Outcomes observed in the offspring born to fathers with and without a positive history of cancer during adolescence or young adulthood, with the former group categorized according to the five most common types of malignancies
Supplementary figure 2 from Mammographic Density in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk Factors among Chinese Women
Authors: Koka Hela , Tian Yuan , Deng Lu , Yu Kai , Li Er-Ni , Guo Changyuan , Guida Jennifer L. , Sung Hyuna , Chan Ariane , Hu Nan , Lu Ning , Gierach Gretchen L. , Li Jing , Yang Xiaohong R.
Published: February 2025

Pearson correlations between total breast (TBV), absolute dense (ADV), non-dense (NDV), and percent dense (PDV) volumes with select breast cancer risk factors in women classified as a) BI-RADS = 1, b) BI-RADS = 2, and c) BI-RADS = 3.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Patterns of Subsequent Cancer Incidence Over Time in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Deng Zhengyi , Visvanathan Kala
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 4. Risk of subsequent non-breast primary cancers. Risk of subsequent non-breast cancers among breast cancer survivor by every 2 years since initial breast cancer diagnosis. SIR: standardized incidence ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Supplemental Table S5 from Evaluation of Multiple Breast Cancer Polygenic Risk Score Panels in Women of Latin American Heritage
Authors: Huang Xiaosong , Lott Paul C. , Hu Donglei , Zavala Valentina A. , Jamal Zoeb N. , Vidaurre Tatiana , Casavilca-Zambrano Sandro , Navarro Vásquez Jeannie , Castañeda Carlos A. , Valencia Guillermo , Morante Zaida , Calderón Mónica , Abugattas Julio E. , Fuentes Hugo A. , Liendo-Picoaga Ruddy , Cotrina Jose M. , Neciosup Silvia P. , Rioja Viera Patricia , Salinas Luis A. , Galvez-Nino Marco , Huntsman Scott , Sanchez Sixto E. , Williams Michelle A. , Gelaye Bizu , Estrada-Florez Ana P. , Polanco-Echeverry Guadalupe , Echeverry Magdalena , Velez Alejandro , Carmona-Valencia Jenny A. , Bohorquez-Lozano Mabel E. , Torres Javier , Cruz Miguel , Ho Weang-Kee , Teo Soo Hwang , Tai Mei Chee , John Esther M. , Haiman Christopher A. , Conti David V. , Chen Fei , Torres-Mejía Gabriela , Kushi Lawrence H. , Neuhausen Susan L. , Ziv Elad , Carvajal-Carmona Luis G. , Fejerman Laura
Published: February 2025

Supplemental Table S5 shows Comparisons of Areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and odd ratios (OR) per standard deviation of the PRS panels.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Patterns of Subsequent Cancer Incidence Over Time in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Deng Zhengyi , Visvanathan Kala
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 3. Risk of subsequent cancers by hormone receptor (HR) status and age. Risk of subsequent cancer by every 5 years since initial breast cancer diagnosis according to HR status and age at initial breast cancer diagnosis (<50 years, ≥50 years). SIR: standardized incidence ratio; CI, confidence interval; HR, hormone receptor.
Supplementary Table S7 from Timeliness of Lung Cancer Care and Area-Level Determinants in Victoria: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis
Authors: Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Heritier Stephane , Stirling Rob G. , Earnest Arul
Published: February 2025

Local government area specific smoothed relative risk for treatment delays over time
Supplemental Table S1 from Evaluation of Multiple Breast Cancer Polygenic Risk Score Panels in Women of Latin American Heritage
Authors: Huang Xiaosong , Lott Paul C. , Hu Donglei , Zavala Valentina A. , Jamal Zoeb N. , Vidaurre Tatiana , Casavilca-Zambrano Sandro , Navarro Vásquez Jeannie , Castañeda Carlos A. , Valencia Guillermo , Morante Zaida , Calderón Mónica , Abugattas Julio E. , Fuentes Hugo A. , Liendo-Picoaga Ruddy , Cotrina Jose M. , Neciosup Silvia P. , Rioja Viera Patricia , Salinas Luis A. , Galvez-Nino Marco , Huntsman Scott , Sanchez Sixto E. , Williams Michelle A. , Gelaye Bizu , Estrada-Florez Ana P. , Polanco-Echeverry Guadalupe , Echeverry Magdalena , Velez Alejandro , Carmona-Valencia Jenny A. , Bohorquez-Lozano Mabel E. , Torres Javier , Cruz Miguel , Ho Weang-Kee , Teo Soo Hwang , Tai Mei Chee , John Esther M. , Haiman Christopher A. , Conti David V. , Chen Fei , Torres-Mejía Gabriela , Kushi Lawrence H. , Neuhausen Susan L. , Ziv Elad , Carvajal-Carmona Luis G. , Fejerman Laura
Published: February 2025

Supplemental Table S1 shows description of the existing and modified PRS panels evaluated in our studies.
Supplementary Table S6 from Timeliness of Lung Cancer Care and Area-Level Determinants in Victoria: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis
Authors: Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Heritier Stephane , Stirling Rob G. , Earnest Arul
Published: February 2025

Local government area specific smoothed relative risk for diagnostic delays over time
Supplementary Figure S5 from Timeliness of Lung Cancer Care and Area-Level Determinants in Victoria: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis
Authors: Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Heritier Stephane , Stirling Rob G. , Earnest Arul
Published: February 2025

Histogram of smoothed relative risks for diagnostic delay
Supplemental Figure S2 from Evaluation of Multiple Breast Cancer Polygenic Risk Score Panels in Women of Latin American Heritage
Authors: Huang Xiaosong , Lott Paul C. , Hu Donglei , Zavala Valentina A. , Jamal Zoeb N. , Vidaurre Tatiana , Casavilca-Zambrano Sandro , Navarro Vásquez Jeannie , Castañeda Carlos A. , Valencia Guillermo , Morante Zaida , Calderón Mónica , Abugattas Julio E. , Fuentes Hugo A. , Liendo-Picoaga Ruddy , Cotrina Jose M. , Neciosup Silvia P. , Rioja Viera Patricia , Salinas Luis A. , Galvez-Nino Marco , Huntsman Scott , Sanchez Sixto E. , Williams Michelle A. , Gelaye Bizu , Estrada-Florez Ana P. , Polanco-Echeverry Guadalupe , Echeverry Magdalena , Velez Alejandro , Carmona-Valencia Jenny A. , Bohorquez-Lozano Mabel E. , Torres Javier , Cruz Miguel , Ho Weang-Kee , Teo Soo Hwang , Tai Mei Chee , John Esther M. , Haiman Christopher A. , Conti David V. , Chen Fei , Torres-Mejía Gabriela , Kushi Lawrence H. , Neuhausen Susan L. , Ziv Elad , Carvajal-Carmona Luis G. , Fejerman Laura
Published: February 2025

Supplemental Figure S2 shows performance of PRS panels with addition of 2 or 3 H/L SNPs
Supplementary Table S3 from Socioeconomic Inequalities in Participation in Colorectal Cancer Screening in Ontario, Canada: A Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Jalili Faramarz , Austin Nichole , Lavergne M. Ruth , Hajizadeh Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table S3: Characteristics of included and excluded samples. This table reports the differences in characteristics between the included and excluded samples for the analysis.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Socioeconomic Inequalities in Participation in Colorectal Cancer Screening in Ontario, Canada: A Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Jalili Faramarz , Austin Nichole , Lavergne M. Ruth , Hajizadeh Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure S2: Concentration Curves for CRC Screening in Ontario, Canada. This figure shows the degree of income-related inequality in CRC screening participation in Ontario. The curve demonstrates the higher screening rates among higher-income individuals (Panel A) as well as among males (Panel B) and females (Panel C) population.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Incidence of Serious Complications following Screening Colonoscopy in Adults Ages 76 to 85 Years
Authors: Chubak Jessica , Ichikawa Laura E. , Merchant Sophie A. , Dalmat Ronit R. , Ziebell Rebecca A. , Jensen Christopher D. , Lee Jeffrey K. , Corley Douglas A. , Ghai Nirupa R. , Green Beverly B. , Skinner Celette Sugg , Schottinger Joanne E. , Breslau Erica S. , Levin Theodore R.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure S2: Cumulative incidence separately for death, hospitalization, and emergency room or inpatient harm diagnosis, among patients 76-85, by screening status, censored at subsequent colorectal procedure (narrow analysis)
Supplementary Table 6 from Significant Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Outcomes by Race/Ethnicity and Sociodemographic Factors
Authors: Patel Shyam , Khalili Mandana , Singal Amit G. , Pinheiro Paulo S. , Jones Patricia D. , Kim Rebecca G. , Kode Vishwajit , Thiemann Anna , Zhang Wei , Cheung Ramsey , Wong Robert J.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table 6 shows results from the adjusted multivariable competing risks analyses evaluating for predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma-specific mortality.
Supplementary Table S5 from Polygenic Risk Score, Healthy Lifestyle Score, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shen Yuefan , Chen Weiwei , Fu Chengqu , Liu Xinyi , Miao Junyan , Li Jiacong , Li Ni , Hang Dong
Published: February 2025

Risk of incident colorectal cancer according to lifestyle categories
Supplementary Table S4 from Polygenic Risk Score, Healthy Lifestyle Score, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shen Yuefan , Chen Weiwei , Fu Chengqu , Liu Xinyi , Miao Junyan , Li Jiacong , Li Ni , Hang Dong
Published: February 2025

Risk of incident colorectal cancer according to different risk levels of polygenic risk score
Supplementary Table S3 from Polygenic Risk Score, Healthy Lifestyle Score, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shen Yuefan , Chen Weiwei , Fu Chengqu , Liu Xinyi , Miao Junyan , Li Jiacong , Li Ni , Hang Dong
Published: February 2025

Risk of incident colorectal cancer according to risk levels of genetic risk
Supplementary Table S13 from Polygenic Risk Score, Healthy Lifestyle Score, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shen Yuefan , Chen Weiwei , Fu Chengqu , Liu Xinyi , Miao Junyan , Li Jiacong , Li Ni , Hang Dong
Published: February 2025

Five-year absolute risk of colorectal cancer incidence across genetic risk and lifestyle
Supplementary Table S11 from Polygenic Risk Score, Healthy Lifestyle Score, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shen Yuefan , Chen Weiwei , Fu Chengqu , Liu Xinyi , Miao Junyan , Li Jiacong , Li Ni , Hang Dong
Published: February 2025

Additive interaction of different genetic risk levels and lifestyle categories with colorectal cancer
Supplementary Methods from Polygenic Risk Score, Healthy Lifestyle Score, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shen Yuefan , Chen Weiwei , Fu Chengqu , Liu Xinyi , Miao Junyan , Li Jiacong , Li Ni , Hang Dong
Published: February 2025

More information of the most comprehensive GWAS for CRC up to date
Supplementary Figure S2 from Polygenic Risk Score, Healthy Lifestyle Score, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shen Yuefan , Chen Weiwei , Fu Chengqu , Liu Xinyi , Miao Junyan , Li Jiacong , Li Ni , Hang Dong
Published: February 2025

Effect of genetic and lifestyle factors on the risk of incident colorectal cancer stratified by sex. The cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer in low (quintile 1), intermediate (quintiles 2–4), and high (quintile 5) genetic risk groups in men (A) and women (B), P for heterogeneity = 0.102. The cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer in participants who had a favorable lifestyle (adopted at least four healthy lifestyle factors), an intermediate lifestyle (adopted two or three healthy lifestyle factors), and an unfavorable lifestyle (adopted none or one healthy lifestyle factor) in men (C) and women (D), P for heterogeneity = 0.979. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazards ratio.
Data from Biomarkers of Exposure to Nicotine and Selected Toxicants in Individuals Who Use Alternative Tobacco Products Sold in Japan and Canada from 2018 to 2019
Authors: Miller Connor R. , Schneller-Najm Liane M. , Leigh Noel J. , Agar Thomas , Quah Anne CK. , Cummings K. Michael , Fong Geoffrey T. , O’Connor Richard J. , Goniewicz Maciej L.
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackground:
Comparisons of nicotine and toxicant exposures between people who use different alternative tobacco products remain underexplored.
Methods:
This cross-sectional, multicountry study analyzed urinary metabolites of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines [4-methylnitrosamino-1-3-pyridyl-1-butanone (NNK)], and volatile organic compounds (acrolein, acrylamide, and acrylonitrile) among established users (n = 550) in Japan and Canada. Participants exclusively or concurrently used nicotine vaping products (NVP; Canada only), heated tobacco products (HTP; Japan only), and combustible cigarettes (CC; Japan and Canada) or abstained (Japan and Canada).
Results:
All product groups showed substantial nicotine exposure. Both HTPs and NVPs exposed exclusive users to lower toxicant levels than exclusive CC use. Canadian participants who exclusively used NVPs exhibited lower NNK and acrolein exposure but higher acrylamide exposure than Japanese participants who exclusively used HTPs. Concurrent use of CCs alongside alternative products exposed users to higher toxicant levels compared with exclusive use of either alternative product.
Conclusions:
Exclusive use of alternative tobacco products results in significant nicotine exposure but substantially lower toxicant exposure compared with exclusive CC use. People who use HTPs in Japan may experience higher exposure to nicotine and certain toxicants (NNK and acrolein) than people who use NVPs in Canada. Concurrent use results suggest that partially substituting CCs with alternative products may reduce toxicant exposure but to a lesser extent than completely transitioning to alternative products.
Impact:
Exposure patterns between two popular alternative tobacco products differ. The overall toxicant exposure from these products is lower than from CCs, providing critical data for regulatory decisions and public health considerations.