bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The holarctic complex Potentilla fruticosa (Rosaceae)
Authors: Klackenberg Jens
Published: March 2008

Potentilla fruticosa L. (Rosaceae) is a complex of large morphological, karyological, geographical and ecological amplitudes. A survey of the distribution of the morphological variation is given and the underlying reasons discussed. Migration paths are also discussed. In southeast central Asia there is a complex in need of further investigation. Outside this area two species should be recognized, a diploid and hermaphrodite species, P. floribunda Pursh, in N America, S Europe and Siberia and a tetraploid and dioecious species, P. fruticosa L., in N Europe and Siberia.
New evidence from the ultrastructural and micromorphological fields in angiosperm classification
Authors: Behnke H.–Dietmar , Barthlott W.
Published: March 2008

Based on TEM investigations of some 1850 species and SEM examinations of about 6000 species of the Angiospermae, this is a survey of ultrastructural and micromorphological data (excluding pollen wall characters) which contribute valuable information for the classification of angiosperms. TEM characters predominately relate to phloem features, such as sieve–element plastids and crystalline P–protein, and to those equally present in other tissues, e.g. nuclear protein crystals and dilated ER–cisternae (DC). Of these, the sieve–element plastids with their types and subtypes (S, PI–PVI) and their over 20 forms represent the most thoroughly investigated TEM character. SEM characters mainly relate to epidermal surface features and can be grouped into four categories: (1) Cellular arrangement or cellular pattern; (2) Shape of cells (the “primary sculpture” of a surface); (3) Relief of outer cell walls (“the secondary sculpture” superimposed on the primary sculpture), caused mainly by cuticular striations and superficially visible wall inclusions and wall thickenings; (4) Epicuticular secretions (the “tertiary sculpture” superimposed on the secondary sculpture), i.e. mainly waxes and related substances.

Ultrastructural evidence from sieve–element plastids for the classification of Mag–noliiflorae, Caryophylliflorae, Fabiflorae and the unity of the Monocotyledoneae is discussed, while further plastid data are listed for single families (e.g. Buxaceae, Cyrillaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Eucryphiaceae, Gunneraceae, Rhizophoraceae, Vitaceae). Crystalline P–protein dominates in Malviflorae, Violiflorae and Fabiflorae. Nuclear protein crystals are a specific feature of sieve elements of Boraginaceae. DC characterize Capparales s.lat.

Micromorphological evidence derived from specific trichomes is presented as an aid to the characterization of Urticales and Loasales, while a detailed analysis of the micromorphology of the seed coat of Cactaceae and Orchidaceae provided new information for the classification of these families at the tribal and generic levels. As a completely new systematic feature for the classification of the Monocotyledoneae first results of micromorphological differences in wax crystalloids and their orientation patterns are presented: The Liliiflorae s. str. are clearly separated against the Zingiberiflorae–Commeliniflorae (incl. Velloziales, Bromeliales, Typhales) and Areciflorae, both characterized by two mutually exclusive and very specific wax types and delimited against taxa with unspecific waxes in the rest of the monocotyledons and all dicotyledons.
Proposed new realignments in the angiosperms
Authors: Thome Robert F.
Published: March 2008

Our attempt at putatively phylogenetic classifications of Angiospermae, considering our vast ignorance of more than 120 million years of evolution of the class, must be very tentative and elastic to make full use of the new approaches and new data constantly being made available to us. Some of the realignments thus required in my system of classification are here explained. Among others, the Paeoniales are recognized and include Glaucidiaceae; various shifts of families are made within Thei–florae–Violiflorae–Malviflorae; Thymelaeaceae and Simmondsiaceae are transferred to Euphorbiales; Emblingiaceae, Gyrostemonaceae and Bataceae are added to Sapindineae; Fabineae, with Connaraceae, Surianaceae and Fabaceae, are transferred to Rutiflorae; Proteiflorae are placed near Rutiflorae, especially Fabineae; the largely Australasian–African Pittosporales are explained; Cornaceae are severely pruned; Haemodoraceae and Velloziaceae are transferred to Commelinales; Arecales, Cyclanthales and Pandanales are separated into unrelated superorders; and Typhiflorae are moved into closer proximity with Commeliniflorae.
New data on the lichen genus Punctelia (Parmeliaceae)
Authors: Sérusiaux Emmanuël
Published: March 2008

Punctelia constantimontium Sérusiaux, a species present in South America and in southern Africa, is described as new. Punctelia riograndensis is reported for the first time for Africa.
The acaulescent and succulent species of Dorstenia sect. Kosaria (Moraceae) from NE tropical Africa and Arabia
Authors: Friis Lb
Published: March 2008

The acaulescent and succulent species of Dorstenia sect. Kosaria in NE tropical Africa include the well defined D. ellenbeckiana and the two polymorphic taxa, the D. barnimiana complex and the D. foetida complex. The D. barnimiana complex is treated as two species, D. barnimiana Schweinf. and D. tropaeolifolia (Schweinf.) Bureau. One specific name and four varietal names are reduced to synonymy. The D. foetida complex is treated as one species, D. foetida (Forssk.) Schweinf., with two subspecies, ssp. foetida and ssp. lancifolia (Rendle) Friis comb, nov., of which the former is further divided into var. foetida and var. obovata (A. Rich.) Schweinf. & Engl. Three species arc reduced to synonymy of D. foetida. The distribution of all the species is mapped.
Bidens burundiensis, a new species of Bidens (Compositae–Heliantheae) from Burundi
Authors: Tadesse Mesfin
Published: March 2008

Bidens burundiensis M. Tadesse, a new species of Bidens L. belonging to the tribe Heliantheae O. Hoffm., subtribe Coreopsidinae Less is described from the highlands of Burundi.
Abnormal spore cleavage: Abnormal spores of Allomyces macrogynus
Authors: Olson Lauritz W. , Lange Lene
Published: March 2008

In the aquatic phycomycete Allomyces macrogynus abnormal spore cleavage takes place in the presence of colchicine or benomyl resulting in multinucleate–multiflagellate spores due to failure in the formation of cytoplasmic microtubules after the induction of zoosporogenesis. The 27 cytoplasmic microtubules which normally surround the nucleus and nuclear cap of the mature spore are not formed in the presence of colchicine or benomyl. At high concentrations of colchicine (4–8 mg/ml) the spores do not have a flagellum. Colchicine or benomyl inhibit microtubule formation during zoosporogenesis and also appear to perturb the mobilization of the gamma bodies which are believed to be the source of the vesicles which form the axonemal membrane and cleavage furrows. These observations are discussed in relation to the hypothesis of Heath that cytoplasmic microtubules formed during zoosporogenesis determine cytoplasmic domains which will delimit the spore initials at cleavage. The observations presented here appear to confirm this hypothesis.
Osmotic regulation of the uniflagellate phycomycete spore
Authors: Olson Lauritz W. , Lange Lene
Published: March 2008

In spores of the Blastocladiales there is a strict temporal correlation between the breakdown of the matrix of the gamma body and the swelling of the gamma body with the duration of the spore's motility. The swelling of the gamma body upon decay is interpreted as being due to water uptake. The swollen gamma bodies fuse with the plasmalemma and expel their content. We suggest that the swelling of the gamma body and its subsequent fusion with the plasmalemma of the spore are the means by which the spores of the Blastocladiales maintain osmotic balance with the medium in which they swim. The decay of the gamma body during the motile period of the spore is a separate and distinct process, not related to the mobilization of the remaining gamma bodies during encystment and cell wall formation.
Convergent elaboration of apocarpous gynoecia in higher advanced dicotyledons (Sapindales, Malvales, Gentianales)
Authors: Endress Peter K. , Jenny Matthias , Fallen Mary E.
Published: March 2008

The apocarpous gynoecia of three separate groups of higher advanced dicotyledons show postgenital fusion of their apical parts. In this fused region the pollen tube transmitting tissue of the carpels is united into a compitum, which provides advantages of a syncarpous to the apocarpous gynoecium. It is supposed that in at least some of these groups the general evolutionary trend of the angiosperms from apocarpy towards syncarpy is reversed.
Karyotypes of four wild Paeonia species from Greece
Authors: Tzanoudakis Dimitris
Published: March 2008

The karyotypes of eight wild Greek Paeonia taxa were studied, viz. P. clusii ssp. clusii (2n = 10, 20), P. clusii ssp. rhodia (2n = 10), P. mascula ssp. mascula (2n = 20), P. mascula ssp. hellenica (2n = 20), P. mascula ssp. icarica (2n = 20), P. mascula ssp. russi (2n = 10), P. peregrina (2n = 20) and P. parnassica (2n = 20). P. mascula and P. clusii have a very similar haploid chromosome complement, x = 5, including three metacentric chromosomes, one submetacentric and one subtelocentric. In the chromosome complements of the tetraploid P. peregrina and P. parnassica the same chromosome types are included but their karyotype differ from those of the former two species by a number of characters. The main karyotype differences are concerned with the size differentiation of the chromosomes which in the case of P. peregrina has resulted in the diploidization of the tetraploid karyotype.

From the individuals examined, six were found to have abnormal karyotypes suggesting chromosomal exchanges. These structural aberrations in which mainly submetacentric and subtelocentric chromosomes are involved have also been described and discussed.
Plantago ser. Brasilienses, a taxonomic revision
Authors: Rahn Knud
Published: March 2008

Plantago ser. Brasilienses belongs to subgen. Psyllium (Juss.) Harms sect. Gnaphaloides Barn., and is found in Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and S Brazil. Three species are recognized: P. brasiliensis Sims, P. densa (Pilger) Rahn (stat. nov.), and P. tandilensis (Pilger) Rahn (stat. nov.). Plantago johnstoni Pilger is transferred to P. ser. Sericeae, and P. sericea Ruiz & Pav. ssp. araucana Rahn belonging to that series is described as a new subspecies. Statistical data have been used in key and descriptions.
A reevaluation of the genus Exacum (Gentianaceae) in Ceylon
Authors: Klackenberg Jens
Published: March 2008

A taxonomic reevaluation of the Ceylonese species of the paleotropic genus of Gentianaceae, Exacum L. (ca. 40 species), is made. Eight species are recognized. Five of the species are endemic to Ceylon and three are also found in India. One species new to Ceylon is presented, viz. E. pedunculalum L., and one new combination is made, viz. E. pallidum (Trim.) Klack. Typifications, maps and a key to the species are given. The micromorphology of seeds, pollen grains, and cuticular structures as seen by means of SEM is also given and its implications for taxonomy discussed.
Operculate Discomycetes from Rana (Norway) 4. Octospora hygrohypnophila, Peziza prosthetica and Scutellinia mirabilis spp. nov.
Authors: Dissing Henry , Sivertsen Sigmund
Published: March 2008

Octospora hygrohypnophila, Peziza prosthetica, and Scutellinia mirabilis ssp. nov. are described from Rana, Norway. O. hygrohypnophila is compared with O. wrightii (Berk. & Curt.) Moravec, O. moravecii Khare and O. melina (Vel.) Dennis & It–zerott, the latter being new to Norway. P. prosthetica is compared with P. apiculata Cooke and P. thozetii Berk. The typification of O. wrightii is discussed.
Notes on South Greenland vascular plants. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms
Authors: Feilberg Jon
Published: March 2008

Taxonomical and nomenclatural notes worked out during a phytogeographical study of South Greenland are published. It is shown that the Greenland representative ofPolypodiumbelongs to the AmericanP. virginianumand not to the EurasianP. vulgare.The following changes are made:Diphasiastrum complanatum(L.) Holub f.montellii(Kukk.) J. Feilberg comb, et stat. nov. andIsoetes lacustrisL. ssp.pauper–cula(Engelm.) J. Feilberg stat. nov. The last mentioned change has to be made here when treating ssp.lacustris, which is the taxon present in Greenland.
Two new taxa of Terminalia (Combretaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Nanakorn Weerachai
Published: March 2008

Two new taxa of Terminalia, T. pedicellata Nanakorn and T. franchetii var. tomentosa Nanakorn are described.
Ultrastructure of Draparnaldia glomerata (Chaetophorales, Chlorophyceae). 1. The flagellar apparatus of the zoospore
Authors: Bakker Margreet E. , Lokhorst Gijsbert M.
Published: March 2008

The fine structure of the quadriflagellate zoospores ofDraparnaldia glomerata(Vauch.) Agardh is described with emphasis on the flagellar root system and compared with the flagellar apparatus of related green algae. It is demonstrated that the flagellar root system inDraparnaldiais similar to that of the zoospore ofUronema belkae.Common features include presence of a cruciate root system (formula 2–5–2–5), prominent striated distal fibre connecting opposite basal bodies, a system I striated root component associated with the 2–stranded root, association of electron dense material with the 5–stranded root, mode of arrangement of the basal bodies in the absolute configuration model, and presence of four striated peripheral fibres interconnecting adjacent basal bodies. Differences exist in the shape of the striated peripheral fibres, the origin of the 2– and 5– stranded roots in the proximal part of the flagellar apparatus, and the architecture and striation pattern of the proximal part of the system I fibre that detaches from the 2–stranded root between adjacent basal bodies. Both the 2– and 5–stranded roots originate near the basal bodies and descend deeply into the zoospore. One of the 5–stranded roots passes near the eyespot of the chloroplast. The implications of these findings for the taxonomic position of the genusDraparnaldiaare discussed. In addition, an evaluation is given of the present status of the order Chaetophorales. Suggestions are given to standardize some aspects of the current terminology of the cruciate flagellar root system in green algae.
A note on the section Cymboglossum Schltr. of Eria (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Seidenfaden Gunnar
Published: March 2008

An attempt is made to clarify some recent confusion concerning the understanding of the section Cymboglossum Schltr. of the genus Eria. Study of literature and material of the taxa involved leads to the suggestion that the section should be recognized within Eria with so far only one species known to belong here, while at the same time the establishment of a new genus Ascidieria typified by Eria longifolia Hook. fil. and the maintenance of the Eria sect. Secundae Leavitt typified by Eria stricta Lindl. is proposed.
Ulfrastructure of the histological zones in growing vegetative buds of Salix spp.
Authors: Berggren Britt
Published: March 2008

Ultrastructural differentiation in the shoot apex of growing vegetative buds of Salix was studied, and some micrographs analysed morphometrically. The distribution of inorganic phospahte (P;) was analysed cytochemically. A distinct histological zona–tion was observed in the apex. The relative volumes of nuclei and plastids were significantly higher in the central tunica zone than in the peripheral one. The corpus differed from the central tunica zone by significantly lower volume density of nuclei and higher of vacuoles and mitochondria. During differentiation of the rib meristem vacuole volume increased significantly, while the relative volumes of nuclei, mitochondria, nucleoli, and heterochromatin decreased. It was not possible to decide whether the vacuoles originate from ER or GERL. Morphogenesis of chloroplasts with large starch grains and grana from proplastids was evident in the rib meristem; dedifferentiation to S–plastids was found in the protophloem. Prolamellar bodies were observed in the procambium plastids. The protophloem was characterized by P–protein and spiny vesicles. Pi was found in the nucleoli of most epidermis cells, several procambium cells, and a few chlorencyma cells, but never in the tunica of the growing apical and developing lateral buds. Pi also occurred in some plasmalemma–somes and occasionally in the walls in connection with plasmodesmata.
Notes on Diplonaevia (Discomycetes inoperculati), with special regard to the species on Juncaceae
Authors: Nannfeldt J. A.
Published: March 2008

The only monocotyledonous families that take members of Diplonaevia Sacc. (=Merostictis Clem.) are found to be Juncaceae, Cyperaceae (Caricoideae–Caricieae and Trichophorum) and Poaceae (especially Nardus). The presence or absence of stromatic, clypeus–like tissues is studied in several species and found to be very variable not only from species to species but also within individual species. The patterns of variation exhibited by the excipulum, the asci and the spores are also discussed. No less than ten species are known to grow on Juncaceae, eight on Juncus and two on Luzula. D. helicospora (on J. trifidus), D. hyperborea (on Juncus subgen. Alpini) and D. savilei (on L. arctica) are new species. New combinations are D. antaretica (Dennis) Nannf., D. junciseda (Schroet.) Nannf. and D. microsticla (Dennis) Nannf. Host ranges and distributions are also studied and discussed.
The genus Urera (Urticaceae) in eastern tropical Africa
Authors: Friis Ib
Published: March 2008

The species of Urera Gaud. occurring in eastern tropical Africa are revised. Three species are recognized: U. cameroonensis Wedd., occurring from Uganda to the South African Republic (Natal), U. sansibarica Engl., restricted to the coastal zone of Kenya and Tanzania, and U. hypselodendron (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Wedd., occurring in montane forest from Ethiopia to Malawi. The original material of U. hypselodendron var. flamigniana Hauman (nom. inval.) and var. platyrrhachis Hauman (nom. inval.) is excluded from U. hypselodendron; the same applies to the other material of U. hypselodendron cited from central Zaire in Flore du Congo belge. Distribution maps of the eastern African species are provided. Also included is a preliminary study and discussion of the generic subdivision of Urera, with special reference to the species of this revision.
The Cryptocoryne (Araceae) of Borneo
Authors: Jacobsen Niels
Published: March 2008

Fourteen species of Cryptocoryne are recognized from Borneo: C. ciliata found throughout tropical Asia, C. longicauda also found in Johore; C. zonata, C. grabowskii, and C. edithiae show distinct affinities to the C. cordata group from the Malay peninsula; the remaining species, endemic to Borneo, do not show any special, close relationship with species from other areas. The synonomy, distribution, chromosome numbers, and ecology are treated.
The genus Iphionopsis (Compositae ‐ Inuleae)
Authors: Anderberg Arne
Published: March 2008

The new genus Iphionopsis A. Anderb. (Compositae‐Inuleae‐Inulinae) is described with its two species, transferred from the genus Iphiona Cass., I. rotundifolia (Oliv. & Hiern) A. Anderb. from Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya, and I. ilicifolia (Humbert) A. Anderb. from Madagascar. The genus is monophyletic, defined by a number of synapomorphies.
Revision of Maranta subgen. Maranta (Marantaceae)
Authors: Andersson Lennart
Published: March 2008

Maranta subgen. Maranta includes species related to M. arundinacea L. It is characterized by aerial shoots with a strong monopodial tendency, absence of root tubers, simple inflorescences or few‐branched, often diffuse synflorescences, florescences with few, herbaceous spathes, and comparatively large, distinctly pedicellate flowers. There are occasional exceptions to all these characters. Most species are partial selfers, only two or three being allogamous. Sixteen species are recognized, eight of which are new: M. linearis, M. sobolifera, M. lindmanii, M. zingiberina, M. incrassata, M. rupicola, M. amazonica, and M. tuberculata. The new species are described, and all species are defined and discussed, data being given about distribution and habitat. Growth habit and rhizome structure are essential taxonomic characters, but leaf shape and indument distribution are more useful characters for routine identification. Of the species referred to subgen. Automaranta by Schumann in Das Pflanzenreich, three are excluded: M. cordata, M. pohliana, and M. foliosa.
A new species of Abildgaardia (Cyperaceae) from Brazil
Authors: Lye Kåre Arnstein
Published: March 2008

Abildgaardia disticha from Estado da Bahia in Brazil is described as new. This species is unique in the tribe Abildgaardieae in having orthodistichous spikelets, and in several respects is intermediate between the subgenera Abildgaardia and Bulbostylis.
Hydathode anatomy in Potentilla palustris (Rosaceae)
Authors: Curtis John D. , Lersten Nels R.
Published: March 2008

Guttating leaf teeth of Potentilla palustris plants from Wisconsin, USA, were cleared or processed for plastic sectioning or scanning electron microscopy. Anatomical features include: 1) long slender hydathode area occupying most of the tooth, 2) adaxial pad of small, flat epidermal cells with 50 or more sunken water pores about the size of ordinary abaxial stomates, 3) three converged bundles that extend distally, where their tracheary files are separated by intervening files of xylem parenchyma cells with sinuous walls, 4) adaxial mass of small, loosely arranged epithem cells above the xylem, 5) one slender phloem strand that extends only about a third of the way into the hydathode, and 6) bundle sheath extending distally only abaxially and along the flanks of the hydathode. Potentilla hydathodes differ significantly from non‐guttating ones described earlier in Physocarpus (Rosaceae).
Ceriosporopsis sundica, a new lignicolous marine ascomycete from Denmark
Authors: Koch J. , Jones E. B. Gareth
Published: March 2008

Ceriosporopsis sundica sp. nov. is described from driftwood found on the Øresund coast of Sealand, Denmark, and compared with other species of Ceriosporopsis Linder and Ondiniella Jones et al. A key to Ceriosporopsis is given.
A classification of the Monimiaceae
Authors: Philipson William R.
Published: March 2008

Thirty‐two genera of the Monimiaceae are assigned to six subfamilies and eight tribes. Two further genera are insufficiently known to be placed. One subfamily (Glossocalycoideae Thorne, two tribes (Hennecartieae Philipson, Palmerieae Philipson) and one genus (Laureliopsis Schodde) are described as new.
Cytogeographical studies of Hyacinthaceae in Africa south of the Sahara
Authors: Stedje B. , Nordal I.
Published: March 2008

The geographical distribution of different karyotypes in Tropical African genera of Hyacinthaceae is studied. In Albuca, Dipcadi, Drimia (including Urginea), and Drimiopsis there seem to be a general trend of increasing level of ploidy and/or basic number. There is also a tendency of increasing karyotype asymmetry from the south towards north and west. Southern Africa is therefore probably a centre of dispersal (and origin?) for these genera. In the subgenus Urophyllon of Ornithogalum the cytological conditions are in accordance with a hypothesis of northern origin and migration via East Africa towards south and west. Several new chromosome numbers are presented.
Embryology and taxonomical position of Retzia capensis (Retziaceae)
Authors: Engell K.
Published: March 2008

The ovules of Retzia capensis are anatropous, unitegmic and tenuinucellate. A well‐developed hypostase of concentric layers of cells is present. Embryo sac formation follows Polygonum type. The central part of the mature embryo sac contains rich amounts of starch grains, which disappear at the beginning of the endosperm development. The endosperm formation results in a chalazal haustorium of a great number of long, narrow, densely plasmatic cells, a micropylar haustorium of loosely plasmatic cells, and a middle region which in the beginning is only partly cellular, but later the whole endosperm consists of long, narrow cells. The hypostase prevents the chalazal endosperm haustorium from penetrating to the lower part of the ovule, while the micropylar haustorium is able to grow upwards into the long micropyle. The cellular endosperm formation, the formation of endosperm haustoria, of which the micropylar is most distinctive, and formation of a well‐developed hypostase all indicate a close relationship to Buddleiaceae and part of Scrophulariaceae. Therefore, both Retziaceae and Buddleiaceae should be placed in the order Scrophulariales.
Phytosociology and soil properties of Corylus avellana coppices on the coast of western Norway
Authors: Røsberg Ingvald , Øvstedal Dag Olav
Published: March 2008

About 400 relevés of Corylus avellana coppices along the coast of western Norway have been taken, and their phytosociology have been investigated. Soil samples from some of the stands have been studied. The hazel coppices found belonged to the associations Conopodio‐Ulmetum, Primulo‐Ulmetum and Melico‐Betuletum. Within Conopodio‐Ulmetum, one typical variant and one rich variant with much Epipactis showed significant differences between the three vegetation units. The soil of the Epipactis variant was the most basic and richest in nutrients, while the soil of Melico‐Betuletum was the most acid and poorest in nutrients.
Three new species of Hiptage (Malpighiaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Sirirugsa Puangpen
Published: March 2008

Three new species, Hiptage calcicola, H. gracilis, and H. monopteryx are described. A key to the species of Hiptage found in Thailand is provided.
Seasonal changes in leaf lipids of Diapensia lapponica, with special reference to storage lipid bodies
Authors: Pihakaski K. , Pihakaski S. , Karunen P. , Kallio P.
Published: March 2008

Seasonal fluctuations in storage lipids in the cushion plant Diapensia lapponica, growing in Northern Finland (70°N 27°E), were studied by microscopy and chemical analysis. Lipid bodies in the mesophyll cells were stained with Sudan Black for quantitative observation by light microscope. Electron microscope observations were made using aldehyde prefixed and osmium tetroxide postfixed sections of leaf blades. Thin layer and gas capillary chromatographic techniques were used to analyse total lipids and total fatty acids in green shoots of Diapensia. Free sugars and starch were extracted separately and determined by the anthrone method.

A mesophyll cell was characterized by a large lipid body (storage lipid) in summer but by several small spherules in winter. Total surface area of the cross‐sectioned lipid globules was at its lowest from April to September; the maximal value was in March. The amount of total lipids in the leafy tops of D. lapponica was 91–200 mg g‐1 dry weight. Values were lowest at the end of June, when the total carbohydrate level was at its highest. Accordingly, the decrease in the total lipid level in the early growing season, when new leaves were developing, can be attributed primarily to the increase in the level of carbohydrates, particularly starch. The amount of total fatty acids varied from 21 to 30 mg g‐1 dry weight. The level increased in the early growing season and remained elevated throughout the summer. Like the total lipids, the total fatty acids are derived from structurally different parts of the sclerophyllous leaves, including the well‐developed cuticle and epicuticular wax layer. The discrepancies in the results obtained from microscopic and chemical analyses are discussed.
On the ecology of Thelypteris limbosperma in W Norway. The distribution in relation to climatic factors
Authors: Odland Arvid
Published: March 2008

In 31 selected districts in W Norway the vertical distribution of Thelypteris limbosperma has been recorded. Special attention has been paid to the area within which T. limbosperma occurs as a dominant in the vegetation. Both horizontal and vertical distribution areas are related to climatic factors, namely the mean temperature of the wannest and coldest months, precipitation and humidity conditions expressed by Martonnes aridity index. Correlations between the distribution of T. limbosperma and these parameters have been elucidated. In oceanic districts correlations exist between the vertical distribution limits and the mean temperature of the warmest month, t. max = 14.2°C and 10.3°C. In suboceanic districts correlations are with t. min = ‐5.3°C, P = 121 mm; and H = 87.0. In districts where H < 60 the fern is sparce or missing.
Cheirostylis seidenfadeniana sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from India
Authors: Kumar C. Sathish , Rasmussen Finn N.
Published: March 2008

Cheirostylis seidenfadeniana is described from Kerala in India. The new species appears to be related to C. parvifolia and shares some characteristics with C. thailandica and C. montana, but differs in floral characters.
Bourreria (Boraginaceae) in tropical Africa
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Five species of Ehretia in eastern Africa are shown to be better placed in the currently entirely American genus Bourreria. The new species B. lyciacea from S Somalia and E Kenya is described and illustrated. New combinations are B. petiolaris, B. nemoralis, B. orbicularis and B. teitensis.
Justicia sect. Grossa sect. nov. (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Hansen Bertel
Published: March 2008

A new section of Justicia is delimited and described. A key to the three known species is given. For each species is given the full synonymy, a detailed description, distribution and ecology as far as known. A distribution map is appended.
Roots in Corynaea (Balanophoraceae)
Authors: Kuijt Job , Bruns Darla
Published: March 2008

The tuberous base of the holoparasite Corynaea crassa (Balanophoraceae), unlike perhaps all other members of the family, bears numerous short, unbranched organs which are interpreted as vestigial roots.
Type studies of Polyporaceae (Aphyllophorales) described by J. Rick
Authors: Rajchenberg Mario
Published: March 2008

The type species of Polyporaceae (Aphyllophorales) and of other related genera, i.e. Irpex, Grammothele and Theleporus, described by J. Rick were studied. Of the 93 names of species or varieties 34 are invalidly published and 21 are synonyms. Nineteen type specimens were not found and 4 were sterile. Four species were respectively assigned to Datronia, Steccherinum, Trechispora and a cyphellaceous fungus, and were left without specific determination. The following new combinations are proposed: Aporpium substuppeus, Ceriporiopsis latemarginata, Inonotus micantissimus, Junghuhnia polycystidifera, Perenniporia piperis, Phanerochaete furfuraceo‐velutinus, Skeletocutis roseolus and Tyromyces atro‐albus. Two new species are described: Ceriporiopsis lowei and Gloeodontia americana.
Morphology and ultrastructure of the plasmodiocarpous species Licea variabilis and L. retiformis (Myxomycetes)
Authors: Gilert Elisabeth
Published: March 2008

Licea variabilis and L. retiformis are odd members of the genus Licea in so far as they form plasmodiocarpous fructifications and do not possess protoplasmodia. Differences between the two species are found in the sculpturing of the inner surface of the peridium, in the ornamentation of the spore wall, and in the internal structure of the spore wall. Certain characteristics indicate a closer affinity of L. retiformis to the sporangiate species of Licea than to L. variabilis. Spherical bodies attached to the inner surface of the peridium in L. retiformis appear to be an integral part of the peridium and may be homologous with ornamentations seen in L. biforis.
Algal studies of the Danish Wadden Sea. IV. A taxonomic study of the interstitial euglenoid flagellates
Authors: Larsen Jacob
Published: March 2008

The flora of interstitial euglenoid flagellates in the Rejsby Marsk area in the Danish Wadden Sea was studied from November 1980 to December 1981. Twenty eight species were found; 26 of these are heterotrophic forms. Five new species are described: Anisonema trepidum, Metanema sedatum, Notosolenus esulcis, N. rhombicus, and Pseudoperanema fusiforme.

Apparently most species do not prefer any particular type of substrate. The number of species was only slightly influenced by the different seasons.
Evaluation of some methods for hybrid analysis, exemplified by hybridization in Argyrantheimim (Asteraceae)
Authors: Brochmann Christian
Published: March 2008

A grouping of transformations is proposed: 1) “Element transformations”, aimed at changing relations between elements within a single character vector; and 2) “vector transformations”, aimed at changing relations between different character vectors. Logarithmic element transformation seemed suitable for revealing variation in size characters.

Principal coordinate analysis (PCO) was appropriate for determination of dimensionality and structural extremes (parentage). Due to polynomial distortions, however, variation in extreme populations was underestimated and variation in intermediate populations exaggerated.

A “character index”, the mean of a specimen's ranged characters, is suggested to replace Anderson's hybrid index. Knowledge of parentage and parental maxima, but not of variation in pure parental populations, is required. The character index combined with modified Gay triangles was found suitable for revealing the structure of the material, which showed mainly one‐dimensional variation. The material analysed comprised Argyranthemum broussonetü, A. frutescens, a hybrid swarm and experimental F1 hybrids between these species; and A. sundingü, which was found to be a stabilized hybrid derivative, probably evolved by hybrid speciation with external barriers.
Leaf anatomy and its taxonomic significance in phytelephantoid palms (Arecaceae)
Authors: Barfod Anders
Published: March 2008

The leaf anatomy of the genera Phytelephas, Palandra and Ammandra (Arecaceae) is described and compared. The anatomical features considered to be of taxonomic importance include: the distribution of fibre bundles and minor veins in mesophyll and hypodermis, the relative size of the cells of the stomatal complex and whether the costal bands of eleongated cells are conspicuous in surface view or not. Species of Palandra and Phytelephas form an anatomically homogenous group. The two species of Ammandra differ in their anatomy, although they have several xeromorphic adaptations in common. This is peculiar as they both grow in humid habitats.
Seasonal changes in the chloroplast ultrastructure of Diapensia lapponica
Authors: Pihakaski Kaarina
Published: March 2008

Leaf specimens of evergreen Diapensia lapponica were collected monthly in Northern Finland (ca 70°N) in order to study seasonal changes in the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts of the palisade mesophyll.

The volume fraction of chloroplasts per cell was lowest in summer and increased towards autumn and winter. However, the relative size seemed to be higher in summer than in other seasons. Length/width (L/W) ratio was calculated as an index of the chloroplast shape. The shape varied from elongated (usually concavo‐convex in profile), with an L/W ratio from 1.9 to 2.5 in summer, to roundish or irregular (L/W ratio from 1.2 to 1.4) in midwinter. In autumn the chloroplasts were most elongated (LW ratio 2.6). The starch content was highest at the end of June when it constituted 38% of the volume of chloroplast. It decreased from then till November and was absent during the rest of the winter. Changes in the thylakoid system involved an increase in the number of partitions from an average of three in early summer to 11 in autumn and a decrease to M again towards winter. In spring it was up to 7 again. The large grana and high portion of stroma thylakoids observed in late August ‐ September (the period of rhythmic light) are consistent with the high photosynthesis activity reported previously in D. lapponica in laboratory conditions.
Morphological variation and ecology of Mallomonas crassisquama (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Siver Peter A. , Skogstad Asbjørn
Published: March 2008

Siver, P. A. & Skogstad, A. 1988. Morphological variation and ecology of Mallomonas crassisquama (Chrysophyceae). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 7: 99–107. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Mallomonas crassisquama is one of the most common and widely distributed species of Mallomonas. In this study we compare the morphology and ecology of the species based on 309 collections from 67 localities in Connecticut (U.S.A.) and Norway. The taxon produces a very complex siliceous coat consisting of four scale and two bristle types all of which have considerable structural variation. A new variety, M. crassisquama var. papillosa is described. Bristle production was found to be temperature dependent where cells formed serrated or helmet bristles under cold or warm conditions, respectively. M. crassisquama was found to exist over wide temperature, conductivity, phosphorus and pH ranges, however, was absent in samples with a pH <5.5.
A monograph of the genus Colignonia (Nyctaginaceae)
Authors: Bohlin Jan‐Eric
Published: March 2008

Species of the neotropical genus Colignoniu are perennial herbs, subshrubs and lianas from 1 m to c. 15 m tall. The genus ranges from c. 5°N in Colombia to c. 28°S in Argentina and comprises six species. It occurs in the Andean montane rain forest and cloud forest, often in disturbed areas. The flowers are of two types and divide the genus into two sections, viz. Pterocarpae (3 spp) with a 3‐lobed perianth, and Colignonia (3 spp) with a 5‐lobed perianth. C. pentoptera is described as new. C. biumbellata is reduced to subspecific status under C. parviflora. C. acutifolia, originally described by Heimerl as a variety of C. glomerata, is referred to C. parviflora as a distinct variety of ssp. biumbellata. Several names are reduced to synonymy. The chromosome number 2 n = 34 is recorded for three species (Sect. Colignoniu) and 2 n= 32 for three species (Sect. Pterocarpae). The correlation between chromosome numbers and perianth type supports the subdivision of the genus. Considerable morphological variation, correlated with changes in temperature and altitude, was observed in the field and in plants under cultivation. Pollen morphology and relationships to other genera in the Nyctaginaceae are discussed. Colignonia seems most closely related to Mirabilis, Commicarpus, Boerhaaviu, and Pisoniella.
Phytoserological contribution to the systematic placement of the Typhales
Authors: Bergner Ingrid , Jensen Uwe
Published: March 2008

Serological methods were used to compare the major storage seed proteins, the legumin‐like proteins, from the Typhales with other monocot taxa to obtain a more complete understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of the Typhales. Both reference taxa, Typha latifolia and Sparganium erectum were found to be serologically very similar and reveal the close relationship of the Typhaceae and Sparganiaceae and should best be placed in a common order Typhales. Furthermore, the data indicate a close phylogenetic relationship between the Typhales and the wind pollinated Pandaniflorae and also the animal pollinated Zingiberiflorae. Additionally, relationships to the Commeliniflorae (Juncales, Cyperales, Poales) as well as towards the Asparagales (especially the xeromorphic Agavaceae) are indicated. In phylogeny, a branch from pro‐Asparagales is postulated leading to the Zingiberiflorae and at least diphyletically to the wind pollinated Pandanaceae plus Typhales and to the Commeliniflorae.
New or noteworthy species of Leguminosae in NE tropical Africa
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

The following new species are described: Chamaecrista dunensis (Somalia), Acacia densispina (Somalia), A. flagellaris (Somalia), Tephrosia karkarensis (Somalia), T. scopulata (Somalia), Indigofera ancistrocarpa (Kenya), I. curvirostrata (Ethiopia), I. hiranensis (Somalia), I. karinensis (Somalia), I. kucharii (Somalia), I. nugalensis (Somalia), I. pellucida (Kenya, Somalia), I. sabulosa (Ethiopia, Somalia), I. sessilis (Somalia), I. ienuirostris (Somalia), Rhynchosia megalocalyx (Somalia), Crotalaria allophylla (Somalia), C. intricata (Somalia), C. warfae (Somalia), and Coronilla somalensis (Somalia). 2n = 22 is reported in Tephrosia karkarensis. Cassia somalensis, Acacia puccioniana, Sophora somalensis, and Crotalaria sennii are reduced to synonyms of respectively Senna hookeriana, Dichrostachys kirkii, Millettia usaramensis and Crotalaria boranica subsp. trichocarpa. Thirty‐seven taxa are reported from Somalia for the first time, including Ptycholobium biflorum, known previously only from Southern Africa. Crotalaria pieropoda, known previously only from Socotra, is reported from Somalia and Oman. Neptunia oleracea and Vatovaea pseudolablab are new generic records for respectively Ethiopia and Oman. The fruits of Indigofera boranica are described. Vigna somaliensis and an allied species are discussed. Rhynchosia gansole is lectotypified and its flowers and fruits are described.
Internal mycelium of Pseudoperonospora cubensis, the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew
Authors: Lange Lene , Edén Ulla , Olson Lauritz W.
Published: March 2008

The internal mycelium of Pseudoperonospora cubensis has been observed in transmission and scanning electron microscopic preparations. The internal mycelium may be inter‐ or intracellular. Haustoria of short swollen bundles of hyphae have been observed. Actively growing hyphae contain numerous mitochondria, nuclei, active dictyosomes, low amounts of storage materials (lipid) and microbody‐like structures with a laminate inclusion. Thick walled hyphae with a diameter which is smaller than the actively growing hyphae have been observed. These thick wallcd hyphae contain large amounts of reserve material (lipid) and it is suggested that they may function as resting propagules.
A new species of Herbertia (Iridaceae) from SE South America
Authors: Ravenna Pierfelice
Published: March 2008

A new species of Herbertia, of the Iridaceae, viz. H. quareimana sp. nov, is described; the species is found in the region of the Quareim river, on both sides of the border between Brazil and Uruguay. A key to the species of the genus is provided.
The floral nectaries of Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis in. A morphometric and ultrastructural approach
Authors: Sawidis Th. , Eleftheriou E. P. , Tsekos I.
Published: March 2008

The secretory hairs of Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis nectaries have been studied ultrastructurally, particularly at stages before, during and after secretion. Morphometric cytology revealed considerable changes in the volume of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the vacuoles. At least three different forms of ER have been noticed, cisternal, tubular and vesicular. The intermediate cells of the hairs are ultrastructurally and morphometrically similar to the tip cell, suggesting their probable involvement both in a symplastic prenectar transport via the plasmodesmata and in nectar release into an extracellular space provided by the lateral cell walls. Nectar would then be apoplastically moving towards the tip cell, where it is forcibly expelled to the outside via transient pores of the cuticle.

Ultrastructural evidence indicates that ER is the cell compartment principally involved both in prenectar transport and nectar elimination. In the hair cells it provides a “secretory reticulum” mediating between prenectar accumulation and nectar release. Vacuoles are voluminous in the basal cells, and in all cell types of old nectaries. The results are discussed in relation with other plant glands, especially with the closely related Abutilon nectaries.
Foliar oil reservoir anatomy and distribution in Solidago canadensis (Asteraceae, tribe Astereae)
Authors: Lersten Nels R. , Curtis John D.
Published: March 2008

In leaves of goldenrod, Solidago canadensis (Asteraceae, tribe Astereae), numerous internal oil reservoirs with a uniseriate epithelium occur as a single file above or below veins or as isolated cavities in the mesophyll. Reservoirs are abaxial to major veins (vein orders 1–3), either above, below, or superimposed in intermediate 4th order veins, but strictly adaxial to 5th and 6th order minor veins. Reservoirs are initiated as discrete cavities, but those below 1st and 2nd order veins are in a single crowded file, each separated only by epithelial cells. Elongation of these cavities, accompanied by stretching and separation of septa, gives a false impression at maturity of an indefinitely long duct instead of a series of tubular cavities. Reservoirs of vein orders 3–6 are mostly more widely separated and less subject to elongation, thus they are shorter and remain discrete at maturity. The overall foliar pattern is one of successively shorter reservoirs, a sequence that is in concert with the successively narrower and progressively less elongated vein orders. The shift from abaxial to adaxial reservoirs in minor veins may be related to different phloem functions: sugar transport in major veins and photosynthate assimilation in minor veins.
A revision of Hebeloma sect. Indusiata in the Nordic countries
Authors: Vesterholt Jan
Published: March 2008

A revision of Hebeloma sect. Indusiata in the Nordic countries has been undertaken. The type species of the genus, Agaricus fastibilis, is interpreted as being a non‐veiled species, and therefore sect. Indusiata is the correct name for the section comprising the veiled, non‐rooting species of Hebeloma. Subsect. Amygdalina subsect. nov. is proposed for species in sect. Indusiata possessing amygdaloid, dextrinoid spores. The following new taxa and combinations are proposed: Hebeloma mesophaeum var. crassipes var. non., H. mesophaeum var. lacteum nom. et stat. nov., H. polare sp. nov., H. sordescens sp. nov., H. atrobrunneum sp. nov., H. monticola sp. nov. and Agrocybe elatella comb. nov.
Intergeneric hybridization between Psathyrostachys and Hordeum
Authors: Baden C. , von Bothmer R. , Flink J. , Jacobsen N.
Published: March 2008

A total of 38 intergeneric combinations with Hordeum and Psathyrostachys was attempted. Generally the seed set was high, and 23 new intergeneric hybrid combinations were synthesized by the aid of embryo culture technique. All combinations showed complete sterility. The meiotic pairing behaviour in 8 combinations is reported. On the basis of these data it is clear that the N genome in Psathyrostachys is distinct and shows no genomic relationship, neither with the “X” and I nor with the H genomes in Hordeum.
Variation and post‐pollination changes in floral odours released by Platanthera bifolia (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Tollsten Lars , Bergström Jon
Published: March 2008

Volatile compounds were collected in the field from individual specimens of un‐pollinated and hand‐pollinated Platanthera bifolia, and investigated by combined gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). In all, 32 compounds were identified of which five were not previously reported in Platanthera. Pollinated flowers wilted significantly faster than unpollinated flowers. Twentyfour hours after pollination the production of volatile compounds had decreased slightly and there was a small change in their composition. Variation in floral scents within and between populations, as well as effects of changes in floral attractiveness on pollination and reproductive success are discussed.
Floral scents of Bartsia alpina (Scrophulariaceae): chemical composition and variation between individual plants
Authors: Bergström Jon , Bergström Gunnar
Published: March 2008

Volatile compounds were collected from the inflorescences of individual Bartsia alpina plants in sub‐alpine and alpine populations, and analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The compounds detected were: α‐pinene, Z‐3‐hexenol, Z‐3‐hexenyl acetate, phenyl acetaldehyde and phenyl acetonitrile. A significantly larger proportion of Z‐3‐hexenol and Z‐3‐hexenyl acetate were collected from the sub‐alpine population than from the alpine population but the differences between the amounts of the other compounds were slight.