bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unconventional rate law of water photooxidation at TiO2 electrodes
Authors: Zhang Shufeng , Leng Wenhua , Liu Kai
Published: April 2023

The rate law of TiO2 water oxidation, in terms of steady-state photocurrent, is the product of the surface hole density exponential dependent rate constant and the surface hole density, with first order for all the surface hole densities studied.
Lattice thermal conductivity of topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanocrystals: comparison from theoretical and experimental
Authors: K. E. Vipin , Kumar Das Soumendra , Padhan Prahallad
Published: April 2023

Phonon lifetime and lattice thermal conductivity (κ) of Bi2Se3 calculated from Raman scattering and PHONO3PY simulation indicate the anharmonicity, dissipation of heat, and overlapping and coupling of low and high-frequency branches are important parameters to control the κ.
Synergic photoprotection of phenolic compounds present in tomato fruit cuticle: a spectroscopic investigation in solution
Authors: González Moreno Ana , Woolley Jack M. , Domínguez Eva , de Cózar Abel , Heredia Antonio , Stavros Vasilios G.
Published: April 2023

Dipole-dipole interactions between cinnamic acids and flavonoids are proposed to potentially contribute to the prevention of photodamage in ripe tomato fruits.
Unexpected electro-catalytic activity of the CO reduction reaction on Cr-embedded poly-phthalocyanine realized by strain engineering: a computational study
Authors: Xu Wenzhen , Shu Yunpeng , Xu Mengmeng , Xie Juan , Li Youyong , Dong Huilong
Published: April 2023

Moderate biaxial compressive strain on CrPPc not only greatly lowers the limiting potential, but also enhances the product selectivity of CORR electro-catalysis.
Atomic understanding of the strain-induced electrocatalysis from DFT calculation: progress and perspective
Authors: Deng Qibo , Huang Rui , Shao Li-hua , Mumyatov Alexander V. , Troshin Pavel A. , An Cuihua , Wu Shuai , Gao Linxiao , Yang Bo , Hu Ning
Published: April 2023

Catalyst activity affects the reaction rate, and an increasing number of studies have shown that strain can significantly increase the electrocatalytic activity.
An investigation into the Brønsted acidity of the perfluorinated alkoxy silanes {(F3C)3CO}3SiH and {(F6C5)3CO}2Si(Cl)H
Authors: Feige Felix , Malaspina Lorraine A. , Kleemiss Florian , Kögel Julius F. , Ketkov Sergey , Hupf Emanuel , Grabowsky Simon , Beckmann Jens
Published: April 2023

The Si–H bond in {(F3C)3CO}3SiH is exceptionally strong and short; yet the acidity is comparable to common organic acids. This apparent contradiction will be discussed with the aid of contemporary DFT methods.
A crystalline–amorphous interface engineering in Fe-doped NixP electrocatalyst for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Cao Shuai , Fan Xiaoming , Wei Li , Cai Ting , Lin Yuping , Yang Zeheng
Published: April 2023

A novel hierarchical Fe-doped NixP electrocatalyst presents abundant interfaces between crystalline particles and amorphous sheets, which exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic performance and has good long-term stability.
The π-interactions of ammonia ligands evaluated byab initioligand field theory
Authors: Buchhorn Moritz , Krewald Vera
Published: April 2023

Ammonia and amine ligands are commonly assumed to be σ-only ligands in coordination chemistry. Challenging this assumption, we present findings that suggest a considerable π-interaction for ammonia and amine ligands.
Understanding the power of luminescence ratiometric thermal history indicators driven by phase transitions: the case of Eu3+ doped LaVO4
Authors: Elzbieciak-Piecka K. , Piotrowski W. M. , Dramicanin M. D. , Marciniak L.
Published: April 2023

Thermally induced phase transition in LaVO4:Eu3+ can be used for the development of thermal history phosphor.
B(3,4,5-F3H2C6)3Lewis acid-catalysed C3-allylation of indoles
Authors: Alotaibi Nusaybah , Babaahmadi Rasool , Pramanik Milan , Kaehler Tanja , Dasgupta Ayan , Richards Emma , Ariafard Alireza , Wirth Thomas , Melen Rebecca L.
Published: April 2023

Herein we report the B(3,4,5-F3H2C6)3-catalysed C3-allylation of indoles using allylic esters.
Subvalent group 13 molecules by carbene-induced hydrogen abstraction
Authors: Werner Luis , Hock Andreas , Luz Christian , Riethmann Melanie , Radius Udo
Published: April 2023

A case study on the selective dehydrogenation of Cp* (Cp* = C5Me5) aluminum and gallium hydrides usingN-heterocyclic carbenes and the cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene cAACMeis presented.
Synthesis and characterization of the cyclodiphosphazane embedded macrocycle tetrabromo-resorcin[4]arene-tetrakis(cyclodiphosphazane) and its tetra-rhodium(i) complex
Authors: Pandey Madhusudan K. , Sheokand Sonu , Balakrishna Maravanji S.
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of a cyclodiphosphazane embedded macrocycle, tetrabromo-resorcin[4]arene-tetrakis(cyclodiphosphazane), and its tetra-rhodium(i) complex is described.
Correction: Determination of moisture loss of pomegranate cultivars under cold and shelf storage conditions and control strategies
Authors: Lufu Robert , Ambaw Alemayehu , Opara Umezuruike Linus
Published: April 2023

Correction for ‘Determination of moisture loss of pomegranate cultivars under cold and shelf storage conditions and control strategies’ by Umezuruike Linus Opara et al., Sustainable Food Technol., 2023, 1, 79–91, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2FB00017B.
Selective cleavage of Cα–Cβbonds in lignin models using a bifunctional pyridinium photocatalystviaa PCET process
Authors: Rao Cai-Hui , Wei Hao-Ran , Miao Xiao-Li , Jia Meng-Ze , Yao Xin-Rong , Zheng Xiao-Yan , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2023

A pyridinium-based photocatalyst possessing both redox-active and hydrogen acceptor sites has been developed for the conversion of lignin models to afford benzaldehyde and phenyl formate as the main products through selective cleavage of C–C bonds.
Holographic flow scanning cytometry overcomes depth of focus limits and smartly adapts to microfluidic speed
Authors: Wang Zhe , Bianco Vittorio , Maffettone Pier Luca , Ferraro Pietro
Published: April 2023

In holographic flow scanning cytometry, imaging adapts to the sample flow and yields extended FOV, resolution enhanced, phase-contrast maps of label-free cells, all in sharp focus, using high-throughput linear array detectors.
Green synthesis of silver@graphene oxide nanocomposite for antibacterial, cytotoxicity assessment, and hydrogen peroxide electro-sensing
Authors: Nam Nguyen Thanh Hoai , Dat Nguyen Minh , Hai Nguyen Duy , Huong Le Minh , Tai Le Tan , Dat Nguyen Tien , An Hoang , Hung Phan Nguyen Phu , Truong Nguyen Tan , Son Nguyen Truong , Phong Mai Thanh , Hieu Nguyen Huu
Published: April 2023

The nanocomposite of graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles with uniform particle distribution was successfully green synthesized for bioactive assessment and hydrogen peroxoide electro-sensing application.
New NIR-luminescent lanthanide complexes with tridentate oxybenzophenanthroline ligands
Authors: Balashova Tatyana V. , Arsenyev Maxim V. , Polyakova Svetlana K. , Ilichev Vasily A. , Rumyantcev Roman V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Yablonskiy Artem N. , Bochkarev Mikhail N.
Published: April 2023

The new ligand 8,10-di-tert-butylbenzo[b][1,10]phenanthrolin-11-ol and its lanthanide complexes were obtained and their photoluminescence and electrochemical properties were studied.
Anti-bacterial β-cyclodextrin derivatives inspired by the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin in order to better understand the role of single hydrophobic chain tail in selective anti-bacterial activity
Authors: Yamamura Hatsuo , Owaki Masashi , Isshiki Kana , Ishihara Yukari , Kato Hisato , Katsu Takashi , Masuda Kazufumi , Osawa Kayo , Miyagawa Atsushi
Published: April 2023

Colistin-like poly-amino β-cyclodextrin molecules locally possessing a hydrophobic alkyl chain tail disrupted bacterial membranes without destroying animal cells, resulting in achievement of selective anti-bacterial activity.
Synthesis of p-cymene by the electrocatalytic oxidation of α-terpinene and γ-terpinene
Authors: Luo Chenyun , Niu Chuanyong , Zhou Jun , Li Xiangzhou
Published: April 2023

p-Cymene synthesis by electrocatalytic oxidation from natural α-terpinene and γ-terpinene showed excellent selectivity and yield when changing the reaction interface microenvironment through cation concentration and alkalinity.
Meroterpenoids? A historical and critical review of this biogenetic determinant
Authors: Goyer Eddy , Lavaud Catherine , Massiot Georges
Published: April 2023

The word meroterpenoid was introduced by Conforth to qualify a biosynthetic pathway. Its use as natural products is at the origin of exclusions and confusions which are discussed here.
Hot off the Press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: April 2023

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as strophioblin fromStrophioblachia fimbricalyx.
Kinetic characterization of an efficient cocaine hydrolase against toxic metabolites of cocaine
Authors: Zhan Max , Hou Shurong , Shang Linyue , Chen Xiabin , Zhan Chang-Guo , Zheng Fang
Published: April 2023

Combined molecular modeling, andin vitroandin vivoactivity assays have consistently demonstrated that enzyme E30-6, can efficiently hydrolyze not only cocaine itself, but also all of its toxic metabolites including cocaethylene and norcocaethylene formed in the presence of alcohol.
Combining local conformational preferences and solvophobic effects in helical aromatic oligoamide foldamers
Authors: Teng Binhao , Atcher Joan , Allmendinger Lars , Douat Céline , Ferrand Yann , Huc Ivan
Published: April 2023

Removing features that locally control conformations in aromatic oligoamides hampers helical folding in DMSO but not in water where the loss is compensated by hydrophobic effects.
Polymer brush-grafted cellulose nanocrystals for the synthesis of porous carbon-coated titania nanocomposites
Authors: Cheng Yen Theng , Xia Qingbo , Liu Hongwei , Solomon Marcello B. , Ling Chris D. , Müllner Markus
Published: April 2023

Polymer brush-grafted cellulose nanocrystals can be used as rod-like nanoreactors to produce carbon-coated titania nanocomposites for battery anodes.
Exploring ligand substituent effects on stereoselective polymerization of racemic lactide using aluminium salen-type complexes
Authors: Peng Zengping , Ahmed Hassan , Xu Guangqiang , Guo Xuanhua , Yang Rulin , Sun Hongguang , Wang Qinggang
Published: April 2023

A number of unreported aluminum complexes were utilized for the asymmetric kinetic resolution polymerization of rac-lactide.
Correction: Effect of non-covalent self-dimerization on the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of mixed Cu(i) complexes
Authors: Cáceres-Vásquez Joaquín , Jara Danilo H. , Costamagna Juan , Martínez-Gómez Fabián , Silva Carlos P. , Lemus Luis , Freire Eleonora , Baggio Ricardo , Vera Cristian , Guerrero Juan
Published: April 2023

Correction for ‘Effect of non-covalent self-dimerization on the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of mixed Cu(i) complexes’ by Joaquín Cáceres-Vásquez et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 825–838, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA05341A.
Controlling the mechanical properties of hydrogels via modulating the side-chain length
Authors: Kureha Takuma , Takahashi Kazuma , Kino Mion , Kida Hikaru , Hirayama Takuto
Published: April 2023

Even though the toughness of hydrogels is usually adjusted by changing the cross-linking density and structure, or the polymer concentration, we have discovered a new strategy to control the toughness via modulating the side-chain length.
Convolutional neural network-based colloidal self-assembly state classification
Authors: Lizano Andres , Tang Xun
Published: April 2023

We introduce an image-based approach for a 2-D colloidal self-assembly process state identification, and demonstrate in simulation its comparable performance to widely used order parameters in distinguishing different assembly states.
AKR1B10 regulates M2 macrophage polarization to promote the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Yi , Hao Yanjie , Zhuang Qing'xin , Ma Xiaoli , Shi Chao
Published: April 2023

Background: Immunotherapy has brought new hope to gastric cancer (GC) patients. Exploring the immune infiltration pattern in GC and the key molecules is critical for optimizing the efficacy of immunotherapy. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) is an inflammatory regulator and is closely related to the prognosis of patients with GC. However, the function of AKR1B10 in GC remains unclear.

Methods: In the present study, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the immune infiltration pattern in 373 samples in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were seared by combing the TCGA database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the key molecule AKR1B10 was identified by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). The biological functions of AKR1B10 in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) were investigated in vitro.

Results: Macrophage polarization was the main immune infiltration pattern in GC, and the state of macrophage polarization was closely related to the pathological grading of GC and the clinical stage of patients. AKR1B10, MUC5AC, TFF2, GKN1, and PGC were significantly down-regulated in GC tissues. Low AKR1B10 expression induced M2 macrophage polarization and promoted the malignant phenotype of GC.

Conclusion: M2 macrophage polarization is the main immune infiltration pattern in GC. Low AKR1B10 expression induces M2 macrophage polarization and promotes the malignant transformation of GC.
Further Evaluation of a Protocol for Integrated Speech Audiometry
Authors: Rakerd Brad , Punch Jerry
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

When a bilateral evaluation is conducted with the integrated speech protocol described in Punch and Rakerd (2019), testing for the first ear concludes with a measurement of the uncomfortable loudness level for speech (UCL). The purpose of this study was to assess the possibility that exposure to the high speech intensities required for that UCL test might bias the subsequent measurement of a listener's most comfortable loudness level for speech (MCL) in the opposite ear.

Method:

Across 32 test runs, the left and right ear MCLs were established for 16 young adult listeners with normal hearing (five women, 11 men). The MCL assessed on each test run was measured twice. The first measurement was made at the start of the run and before a full integrated speech evaluation was conducted in the opposite ear (pretest); the second was made after that evaluation (posttest).

Results:

The difference between the MCL means measured on the pretest (37.7 dB) and the posttest (38.5 dB) was less than 1 dB, and it did not approach statistical significance,
t
(15) = 0.69,
p
= .50.

Conclusions:

There was no evidence that UCL testing done in one ear on a bilateral speech test will have carryover effects that bias the subsequent measurement of a listener's MCL in the other ear. The results, therefore, support the potential clinical use of an integrated protocol when conducting bilateral speech audiometric evaluations.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication Services for Emergent Bilinguals: Perspectives, Practices, and Confidence of Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Ward Hannah , King Marika , Soto Gloria
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this project was to examine the perspectives, practices, and confidence of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) regarding service provision for emergent bilinguals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) through a nationwide survey.

Method:

Licensed SLPs (
N
= 179) completed an online survey, which included Likert-type and multiple-choice questions.

Results:

Findings from the survey revealed a discrepancy between SLPs' perceptions and practices regarding service provision for emergent bilinguals who use AAC. Furthermore, most SLPs surveyed reported varying levels of confidence in serving this population and indicated that they frequently lacked training and resources to serve bilingual clients who use AAC.

Conclusion:

This research highlighted the need for increased resources, research, and education to support service provision for emergent bilinguals who use AAC.
Teaching Collaborative Practices: A Scoping Review of Preservice Interprofessional Education With a Focus on Preservice Speech-Language Pathologists and Preservice Teachers of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students
Authors: Secora Kristen , Shahan Cheryl L.
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and teachers of students who are deaf and hard of hearing (TODs) often work with the same students in a school setting to support their linguistic and educational needs. Previous research has extensively documented the importance of interprofessional practice and how educator and professional preparation programs have modified the curriculum to become more focused on collaboration. What is currently missing from the literature, however, is a discussion of the evidence-based methods used to teach preservice SLPs and TODs how to effectively collaborate together in support of Deaf and hard of hearing students.

Method:

We reviewed the literature related to interprofessional education (IPE) for preservice SLPs and preservice TODs across eight databases with a focus on the methods used to teach and develop interprofessional collaboration skills.

Results:

We located six relevant articles focused on IPE for preservice SLPs and TODs. Due to the limited number of studies, we expanded our search criteria to also include relevant studies that focused on IPE strategies from related fields.

Conclusions:

This review integrates research about best practices for educating preservice professionals in effective collaboration strategies to make evidence-based recommendations on implementing effective collaboration-focused IPE for preservice SLPs and TODs. Recommendations include joint classroom experiences, explicit instruction in critical skills and competencies for successful collaboration, modeling collaboration through co-teaching, and explicit instruction and practice in conflict management and perspective-taking.
Evaluation of the security performance of artificial noise‐aided STBC systems
Authors: Lee Hyein , Kim Sooyoung
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the security performance of artificial noise (AN)‐aided space time block coding (STBC) systems in wiretap channel is evaluated. The security performance is estimated in terms of the secrecy rate, which is defined as the difference of mutual information of the legitimate receiver and illegal eavesdropper. We derive a generalized secrecy rate formula for the system utilizing AN‐aided STBC, and also provide an expression for the approximated value with which the estimation time can be highly reduced. The simulation results reveal that the approximated formula well matches to the full estimation with a few orders of less complexity. In addition, it is proved that the maximum achievable secrecy rate for M‐ary modulation scheme approaches to bps/Hz when AN power is extremely high, showing perfect security protection at the expense of power efficiency.
Design of a trajectory contour controller for a dual‐axis precision motion stage based on improved iterative learning
Authors: Chen Xiyou , Zhang Tao , Wang Bolun , Fang Jingzhe , Yan Hongyu
Published: April 2023

To solve the problem of contour error (CE) arising from the dual‐axis coupling of the X–Y coordinate planar motor stage under reciprocating motion conditions in integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing, the following two perspectives are considered: indirect intervention from a single‐axis servo tracking error (TE) control and direct intervention from a dual‐axis cross‐coupling control (CCC). An improved motion controller is designed using the iterative learning control (ILC) principle in conjunction with the motion characteristics of the dual‐axis mechanism. Specifically, the variable gain iterative learning controller with a variable forgetting factor (VFF‐VGILC) is designed to address the characteristics of single‐axis trajectory repetition and variable velocity planning in dual‐axis coupling. The significance of the VFF‐VGILC is to increase the servo control bandwidth of a single axis. On the other hand, the cross‐coupled iterative learning controller (CCILC) is designed on the dual‐axis cross‐coupling, while a pre‐compensation strategy is introduced in the CCC structure to form the pre‐CCILC. After experimental designing and testing are performed, the X–Y coordinate planar motor stage can effectively reduce the CE under various trajectory movements compared with the traditional controller. The trajectory curves drawn can meet the motion control requirements better and effectively enhance the motion control capability of the mechanism.
Modified virtual frequency‐voltage frame control scheme with zero sharing error for islanded AC microgrids
Authors: Baharizadeh Mehdi , Esfahani Mohammad Sadegh Golsorkhi , Kazemi Nader
Published: April 2023

The active power‐virtual frequency (P‐ω′) and reactive power‐virtual voltage (Q‐V′) droop control scheme has been suggested for coordinated control of distributed energy resources (DERs) in islanded microgrids. While this method mitigates the issue of active and reactive power coupling in the droop controller, its main limitation is power‐sharing error. Due to the local property of the virtual frequency and voltage, significant steady‐state errors occur for both active and reactive power sharing. In this paper, a decentralized method is proposed to eliminate the mentioned errors without utilization of communication links. In the proposed scheme, P‐ω′ and Q‐V′ droops are realized at the microgrid point of common coupling (PCC). By employing the PCC virtual frequency/voltage for the active/reactive power sharing of all DERs, the sharing errors caused by the local property are eliminated. Small signal stability of the proposed scheme is studied, and Hardware‐in‐the‐Loop (HIL) experimental results are presented to validate the proposed method and highlight the improvements compared with the conventional P‐ω′/Q‐V′ scheme. The results verify the efficacy of the proposed method for providing accurate active and reactive power sharing while regulating the frequency and voltage close to the rated values.
Audible noise analysis of 750‐kV AC transmission line in high‐altitude area under different weather
Authors: Zhang Yemao , Xu Jilai , Li Ni , Ding Lijian , Wu Xiong
Published: April 2023

In order to build UHV AC transmission lines at high altitudes, it is necessary to analyze the audible noise (AN) characteristics of the existing EHV transmission lines at high‐altitude areas to guide the design. The typical test data of AN for 750‐kV single‐circuit transmission lines measured at the Guanting long‐term observation station, located at an altitude of 1854 m, were collected. Two methods of sorting the test data of AN and extracting valid data were given. Then the levels of AN under different weather conditions were analyzed, which showed that AN was raised with the increase of instantaneous rainfall and snowfall. Typical frequency spectrums of AN under different weather were also obtained, the pure tone at 100 Hz was more prominent under rainy and snowy weather, and the pure‐tone oscillation attenuated at different positions. The statistical results and the calculated difference of AN over 5.5 h with continuous rainfall were obtained. For the 750‐kV transmission line in the quiet plateau areas, the calculated difference between AN during rainy days and fair weather can be taken as 25 dB, and the calculated value of the altitude correction coefficient of 2.85 dB/1000 m is better consistent with the measured value.
Power system wideband oscillation estimation, localization, and mitigation
Authors: An Su , Qiu Wei , Pu Qingxin , Chen Sheng , Zheng Yao , Duan Junfeng , Huang Qing , Yao Wenxuan
Published: April 2023

With the development of the energy structure of the power system, the characterization of the observed oscillation in the power system has steadily evolved. With the increasingly high penetration of distributed energy sources and power electronic devices, such as the photovoltaic, wind power and charging pile, the basic mechanism, frequency ranges and propagation of oscillation would become more dynamic and complex. Therefore, the traditional parameter estimation, as well as the suppression methods would also suffer from dynamic oscillations. To this end, this paper first investigates the oscillation propagation and typical events caused by the oscillations. Next, the oscillation model estimation method including the model‐based and data‐driven based methods is discussed. The benefits and difficulties of various parameter estimate techniques are highlighted. Under this context, the validity and limitations of the current power system stability are summarized. Furthermore, the different oscillation damping and mitigation measures are compared, and the major adaptability and limitations are listed for the specific application scenarios. Conclusions are drawn, and the wideband oscillation becomes the future research objective where the future work is presented at the end of the paper.
The Mantis Network
Authors: Borsato N. W. , Hoeijmakers H. J. , Prinoth B. , Thorsbro B. , Forsberg R. , Kitzmann D. , Jones K. , Heng K.
Published: April 2023

Cross-correlation spectroscopy is an invaluable tool in the study of exoplanets. However, aliasing between spectral lines makes it vulnerable to systematic biases. This work strives to constrain the aliases of the cross-correlation function to provide increased confidence in the detections of elements in the atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) observed with high-resolution spectrographs. We use a combination of archival transit observations of the UHJ KELT-9 b obtained with the HARPS-N and CARMENES spectrographs and show that it is possible to leverage each instrument’s strengths to produce robust detections at a substantially reduced signal-to-noise. Aliases that become present at low signal-to-noise regimes are constrained through a linear regression model. We confirm previous detections of H I, Na I, Mg I, Ca II, Sc II, Ti II, Cr II, Fe I, and Fe II, and detect eight new species, Ca I, Cr I, Ni I, Sr II, and Tb II, at the 5σ level, and Ti I, V I, and Ba II above the 3σ level. Ionised terbium (Tb II) has never before been seen in an exoplanet atmosphere. We further conclude that a 5σ threshold may not provide a reliable measure of confidence when used to claim detections, unless the systematics in the cross-correlation function caused by aliases are taken into account.
Comparison of modified black-body fits for the estimation of dust optical depths in interstellar clouds
Authors: Juvela Mika
Published: April 2023

Context. When dust far-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are fitted with a single modified black body (MBB), the optical depths tend to be underestimated. This is caused by temperature variations, and fits with several temperature components could lead to smaller errors.

Aims. We want to quantify the performance of the standard model of a single MBB in comparison with some multi-component models. We are interested in both the accuracy and computational cost.

Methods. We examine some cloud models relevant for interstellar medium studies. Synthetic spectra are fitted with a single MBB, a sum of several MBBs, and a sum of fxed spectral templates, but keeping the dust opacity spectral index fixed.

Results. When observations are used at their native resolution, the beam convolution becomes part of the fitting procedure. This increases the computational cost, but the analysis of large maps is still feasible with direct optimisation or even with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Compared to the single MBB fits, multi-component models can show significantly smaller systematic errors, at the cost of more statistical noise. The χ2 values of the fits are not a good indicator of the accuracy of the τ estimates, due to the potentially dominant role of the model errors. The single-MBB model also remains a valid alternative if combined with empirical corrections to reduce its bias.

Conclusions. It is technically feasible to fit multi-component models to maps of millions of pixels. However, the SED model and the priors need to be selected carefully, and the model errors can only be estimated by comparing alternative models.
The magnesium paradigm in IRC +10216: Discovery of MgC4H+, MgC3N+, MgC6H+, and MgC5N+
Authors: Cernicharo J. , Cabezas C. , Pardo J. R. , Agúndez M. , Roncero O. , Tercero B. , Marcelino N. , Guélin M. , Endo Y. , de Vicente P.
Published: April 2023

We found four series of harmonically related lines in IRC +10216 with the Yebes 40 m and IRAM 30 m telescopes. The first series corresponds to a molecule with a rotational constant, B, of 1448.5994±0.0013 MHz and a distortion constant, D, of 63.45±1.15 Hz and covers upper quantum numbers from Ju = 11 up to 33 (B1449). The second series is fitted with B = 1446.9380±0.0098 MHz and D = 91±23 Hz and covers upper quantum numbers from Ju = 11 up to 17 (B1447). The third series is fitted with B = 598.7495±0.0011 MHz and D = 6.13±0.43 Hz and covers quantum numbers from Ju = 26 up to 41 (B599). Finally, the frequencies of the last series of lines can be reproduced with B = 594.3176±0.0026 MHz and D = 4.92±1.16 Hz (B594). The large values of D point toward four metal-bearing carriers. After exploring all plausible candidates containing Na, Al, Mg, and other metals, our ab initio calculations indicate that the cations MgC4H+, MgC3N+, MgC6H+, and MgC5N+ must be the carriers of B1449, B1447, B599, and B594, respectively. These cations could be formed by the radiative association of Mg+ with C4H, C3N, C6H, and C5N, respectively. We calculated the radiative association rate coefficient of Mg+ with C4H, C3N, C6H, and C5N and incorporated them in our chemical model. The results confirm that the Mg-bearing cations can be formed through these radiative association reactions in the outer layers of IRC +10216. This is the first time that cationic metal-bearing species have been found in space. These results provide a new paradigm on the reactivity of ionized metals with abundant radicals and open the door for further characterization of similar species in metal-rich astrophysical environments.
Der Lichen planus des Ösophagus – Eine unterschätzte Erkrankung
Authors: Monasterio Carmen , Decker Annegrit , Schauer Franziska , Büttner Nico , Schmidt Arthur , Schmitt-Gräff Annette , Kreisel Wolfgang
Published: April 2023

Eine Beteiligung des Ösophagus bei der Hauterkrankung Lichen planus wurde erstmals 1982 beschrieben und fast 30 Jahre lang als eine Rarität angesehen. Untersuchungen der letzten 10 Jahre aber zeigen, dass diese Erkrankung weniger selten ist als angenommen. Es ist sogar anzunehmen, dass der ösophageale Lichen planus (Esophageal Lichen planus, ELP) häufiger ist als die Eosinophile Ösophagitis (EoE). Die Ösophagusbeteiligung betrifft meist Frauen im mittleren Alter. Das Hauptsymptom ist eine Dysphagie. Endoskopisch erkennt man in der Speiseröhre eine charakteristische Schleimhautablösung, eine Trachealisierung, und gelegentlich Hyperkeratosen und bei langem Bestehen auch Stenosen. Wegweisend ist die Histologie mit einer subepithelialen Ablösung sowie einem bandförmigen Infiltrat aus T-Lymphozyten, dem Nachweis von apoptotischen Keratinozyten (Civatte Bodies) und Dyskeratosen. Die direkte Immunfluoreszenz zeigt Fibrinogen-Ablagerungen entlang der Basalmembran. Eine etablierte Therapie gibt es bisher nicht. Die Behandlung mit topischen Steroiden ist in 2/3 der Fälle wirksam. Eine Therapie wie beim klassischen Lichen planus scheint unwirksam zu sein. Bei symptomatischen Stenosen kann eine Dilatation indiziert sein. Der ELP reiht sich in die Gruppe der „neuen“ immunologisch vermittelten Erkrankungen des Ösophagus ein.
Suprasellar Meningioma Classification: Endoscopic Transnasal Perspective
Authors: Ajlan Abdulrazag , Noor Elahi Basim , Almeshari Saif , Basindwah Sarah , Alghabban Fatimah Abdulrahim , Alromaih Saud , Alroqi Ahmad , Alrasheed Abdulaziz S. , Alqurashi Ashwag , Alsaleh Saad
Published: April 2023

Objectives Midline suprasellar meningiomas include planum sphenoidale, tuberculum sellae, and diaphragma sellae meningiomas. Multiple classifications have been previously documented; however, they come with controversies and limitations, including those with surgical implications. The aim of this study was to classify suprasellar meningiomas based on their behavior toward the underlying bone and neurovascular structures.

Methods Patients with newly diagnosed suprasellar meningiomas that underwent extended endoscopic transnasal approach between 2015 and 2021 were included in this study. The following parameters were evaluated: chiasmatic sulcus length, location of the optic chiasm and nerves, optic canal involvement, and vascular displacement.

Results We identified 40 cases of midline suprasellar meningiomas, 1 diaphragma sellae meningioma (type A), 10 tuberculum sellae meningiomas (type B), 9 chiasmatic sulcus meningiomas (type C), and 10 planum sphenoidale meningiomas (type D). Asymmetrical visual complaints were most common in chiasmatic sulcus meningiomas, followed by tuberculum sellae meningiomas (66 and 50%, respectively). Chiasmatic sulcus meningiomas showed increased separation between the optic chiasm and the A1/A2 complex (8.9 mm) compared with tuberculum sellae (2.7 mm) and planum sphenoidale (1.9 mm) meningiomas. Compared with other types, increased chiasmatic sulcus length was observed in chiasmatic sulcus meningiomas.

Conclusion Preoperative evaluation of bone involvement and tumor relation to neurovascular structures can be used to classify suprasellar meningiomas. Chiasmatic sulcus meningioma is a distinct subtype of suprasellar meningiomas. Its unique behavior toward nearby neurovascular structures could be of surgical value during tumor resection.
Variation between Clinician-Recorded and Downloaded Invasive Blood Pressure in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Pereira Sujith S. , Sinha Ajay K. , Shah Divyen K. , Kempley Stephen T.
Published: April 2023

Objective This study aimed to examine the variation between clinician-recorded and continuously downloaded invasive blood pressure (BP).

Study Design Prospective study where invasive BP data were downloaded every 10 seconds for the first week of life. Hourly clinician-recorded BP was recorded. Agreement between the two methods were examined.

Results A total of 1,180 BP measurements were examined from 42 preterm infants with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) gestation and birthweight of 25.7 weeks (1.4) and 802 g (177) respectively. The mean (SD) bias was −0.11 mm Hg (3.17), but the 95% limits of agreement (LOA) varied between −6.3 and +6.1 mm Hg. Inotrope usage was significantly higher for BP measurements that fell in the 5% outliers when compared with those that fell within the 95% LOA (62.7 vs. 44.6%, p = 0.006).

Conclusion Clinicians showed no systematic bias to over- or underrecord BP, but some of the greatest differences were found in infants receiving inotropes.

Key Points
A Machine Learning Approach to Predicting Donor Site Complications Following DIEP Flap Harvest
Authors: Huang Hao , Lu Wang Marcos , Chen Yunchan , Chadab Tara M. , Vernice Nicholas A. , Otterburn David M.
Published: April 2023

Background The additional donor site incisions in autologous breast reconstruction can predispose to abdominal complications. The purpose of this study is to delineate predictors of donor site morbidity following deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap harvest and use those predictors to develop a machine learning model that can identify high-risk patients.

Methods This is a retrospective study of women who underwent DIEP flap reconstruction from 2011 to 2020. Donor site complications included abdominal wound dehiscence, necrosis, infection, seroma, hematoma, and hernia within 90 days postoperatively. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify predictors for donor site complications. Variables found significant were used to construct machine learning models to predict donor site complications.

Results Of 258 patients, 39 patients (15%) developed abdominal donor site complications, which included 19 cases of dehiscence, 12 cases of partial necrosis, 27 cases of infection, and 6 cases of seroma. On univariate regression analysis, age (p = 0.026), body mass index (p = 0.003), mean flap weight (p = 0.006), and surgery time (p = 0.035) were predictors of donor site complications. On multivariate regression analysis, age (p = 0.025), body mass index (p = 0.010), and surgery duration (p = 0.048) remained significant. Radiographic features of obesity, such as abdominal wall thickness and total fascial diastasis, were not significant predictors of complications (p > 0.05). In our machine learning algorithm, the logistic regression model was the most accurate at predicting donor site complications with the accuracy of 82%, specificity of 0.93, and negative predictive value of 0.87.

Conclusion This study demonstrates that body mass index is superior to radiographic features of obesity in predicting donor site complications following DIEP flap harvest. Other predictors include older age and longer surgery duration. Our logistic regression machine learning model has the potential to quantify the risk of donor site complications.
A Post-Synthetic Modification Strategy for the Preparation of Homooligomers of 3-Amino-1-methylazetidine-3-carboxylic Acid
Authors: Liu Dayi , Imani Zeynab , Aitken David J. , Gourson Catherine , Guillot Régis , Robin Sylvie
Published: April 2023

Post-synthetic modification is a powerful technique allowing access to noncanonical peptide derivatives in a selective manner, but it has not so far been applied for the installation of multiple arrays of modified side chains. Here, we use this approach in solution phase to prepare short N- and C-capped homooligomers of 3-amino-1-methylazetidine-3-carboxylic acid with all the azetidine side chain functions in free amine form. The key step is the multiple reductive amination reaction of the corresponding post-synthetically deprotected secondary amines.
Near-Infrared Hemicyanine Fluorophores with Optically Tunable Groups: A ‘Leap Forward’ for in Vivo Sensing and Imaging
Authors: Huang Jing , He Long , Wang Jiaoliang , Xu Junchao , Yuan Lin
Published: April 2023

Hemicyanine dyes, with a tunable optical site and high wavelength tailorability, are of significant importance in the fields of sensing and diagnosis. Following the discovery of the near-infrared (NIR) (650–900 nm) fluorescent dyes Changsha (CS) and Huda (HD) by our group, remarkable progress has been made in the development of hemicyanine-based probes for in vivo imaging and detecting. In this review, we summarize the key contributions made by our group in developing long-wavelength (650–1700 nm) hemicyanines and utilizing them to construct functional probes. Finally, potential drawbacks and future prospects of hemicyanine dyes/probes are discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Changsha (CS) Dyes

3 Huda (HD) Dyes

4 Construction of Hemicyanine Fluorophores in the NIR-II Region

5 Summary and Outlook
Video Laryngoscopy as a Screening Tool for Laryngeal Changes in Chronic Smokers and Alcoholics
Authors: S. Prabakaran , K. Gowthame , R.B. Namasivaya Navin , A. Raghvi , S. Rajasekaran
Published: April 2023

Objectives

The main aim of this study was to identify the evolving, early changes, premalignant and malignant lesions of larynx among smokers, and alcoholics by video laryngoscopy and to correlate the duration, frequency, and amount of smoking and alcohol with spectrum of symptoms presented and laryngeal morphology.

Material and Methods

This study was prospective study done on a total of 165 patients who attended the department of otorhinolaryngology, at a tertiary care center in South India with various ENT complaints. Patients who were above 18 years of age from both sexes and gave history of smoking and alcohol consumption were included in this study irrespective of their complaints. All these patients underwent video laryngoscopy, which helped in early diagnosing various laryngeal lesions and screening tool for development of laryngeal lesions. Following diagnosis, patients were treated accordingly with lifestyle modifications and abstinence from smoking and alcohol. The primary outcome measure is screening for laryngeal morphology and secondary outcome measures are identifiable laryngeal benign and malignant lesions among smokers and alcoholics who required appropriate treatment.

Results

There was a significant association between the type of lesion and age group, type of lesion and smoking, and type of lesion and alcohol when compared with nonsmokers and non-alcoholics. As the pack years and amount of alcohol consumption increased, there was a significant increase in the severity and association of lesions.

Conclusion

We were able to diagnose a large number of laryngeal lesions that helped in the early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions and their early treatment. The patients who were diagnosed with premalignant and malignant changes underwent microlaryngeal excision of the lesion and were in close follow-up to detect any recurrence.
The dynamic relationship between trade openness, foreign direct investment, capital formation, and industrial economic growth in China: new evidence from ARDL bounds testing approach
Authors: Hao Yuanyuan
Published: April 2023

The objective of this research is to use annual data from 1990 to 2021 to examine the long- and short-run dynamic relationships among China’s trade openness (TRO), foreign direct investment (FDI), capital formation (K), and industrial economic growth (IEG) using the Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) method. Firstly, the results of the ARDL co-integration tests show that there is a long-run co-integration relationship among TRO, FDI, K, and IEG. Secondly, from a path of influence perspective, both the long- and short-run relationships are almost the same. Specifically, TRO, FDI, and K all have positive effects on IEG and vice versa, which supports the feedback hypothesis. However, contrary to the short-run relationship, TRO and K have a small negative effect on IEG, but this is not statistically significant. Finally, K and TRO positively affect FDI, while FDI negatively affects K, although the effect is minimal and negligible at the 10% significance level. On the contrary, they are not statistically significant in the long run. These results support the theory that technological innovation in the trade, investment and capital system based on economic and market capital can stimulate the development of China’s industrial economy.
On the universality and membership problems for quantum gates
Authors: Mattioli Lorenzo , Sawicki Adam
Published: April 2023

We study the universality and membership problems for gate sets consisting of a finite number of quantum gates. Our approach relies on the techniques from compact Lie group theory. We also introduce an auxiliary problem called the subgroup universality problem, which helps in solving some instances of the membership problem and can be of interest on its own. The resulting theorems are mainly formulated in terms of centralizers and the adjoint representations of a given set of quantum gates.
Calibration and compensation of the angle measurement error caused by the torsional deformation of the industrial reducer performance test instrument
Authors: Yu Zhen
Published: April 2023

The measurement of the reducer stiffness plays a vital role in evaluating the robot’s performance. Since the angle measurement error caused by the instrument’s torsional deformation is included in the angular sensor’s measurement results, it cannot be used as the actual torsional deformation of the reducer. This paper analyzes the instrument’s torsional deformation characteristics. Based on the features, a new method of calibration and compensation of the angle measurement error based on the improved B-spline curve fitting-gradient descent and particle swarm optimization-radial basis function neural network (IBSCF-GDPSO-RBF) method is proposed to eliminate the influence of the instrument torsional deformation. The steps of the IBSCF-GDPSO-RBF method are introduced, and the error compensation of angular measurement is carried out under load conditions. The experimental results show that the angle measurement error caused by the instrument deformation after compensation is within ± two angular seconds. The contribution of this paper is that the method calibrates and compensates for the angle measurement error based on the IBSCF-GDPSO-RBF method, which is not limited to measuring the RV reducer torsional deformation. It provides a reference for measuring and evaluating the actual RV reducer torsional rigidity under any load.
GermanIum array for non-destructive testing (GIANT) setup for muon-induced x-ray emission (MIXE) at the Paul Scherrer Institute
Authors: Gerchow Lars , Biswas Sayani , Janka Gianluca , Vigo Carlos , Knecht Andreas , Vogiatzi Stergiani Marina , Ritjoho Narongrit , Prokscha Thomas , Luetkens Hubertus , Amato Alex
Published: April 2023

The usage of muonic x-rays to study elemental properties like nuclear radii ranges back to the seventies. This triggered the pioneering work at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), during the eighties on the Muon-induced x-ray emission (MIXE) technique for a non-destructive assessment of elemental compositions. In recent years, this method has seen a rebirth, improvement, and adoption at most muon facilities around the world. Hereby, the PSI offers unique capabilities with its high-rate continuous muon beam at the Swiss Muon Source (SμS). We report here the decision-making, construction, and commissioning of a dedicated MIXE spectrometer at PSI, the GermanIum Array for Non-destructive Testing (GIANT) setup. Multiple campaigns highlighted the outstanding capabilities of MIXE at PSI, e.g., resolving down to 1 at. % elemental concentrations with as little as 1 h data taking, measuring isotopic ratios for elements from iron to lead, and characterizing gamma rays induced by muon nuclear capture. On-target beam spots were characterized with a dedicated charged particle tracker to be symmetric to 5% with an average σ = 22.80(25) and 14.41(8) mm for 25 and 45 MeV/c, respectively. Advanced analysis of the high-purity germanium signals further allows us to improve energy and timing resolutions to ∼1 keV and 20 ns at 1 MeV, respectively. Within the GIANT setup, an average detector has a photopeak efficiency of ϵĒ=0.11% and an energy resolution of σĒ=0.8keV at E = 1000 keV. The overall performance of the GIANT setup at SμS allowed us to start a rich user program with archaeological samples, Li-ion battery research, and collaboration with the industry. Future improvements will include a simulation-based analysis and a higher degree of automation, e.g., automatic scans of a series of muon momenta and automatic sample changing.