bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING DENGAN MEDIA VISUAL DALAM MEMAHAMI KONSEP MATEMATIKA
Authors: Louk Syahmudi , Andinny Yuan , Zulkarnain Ihwan
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to differ the Creative Problem Solving learning model and the Constructivism learning model in understanding mathematical concepts. This research was conducted at PB Islamic High School. Soedirman Cijantung East Jakarta precisely in class X. The research method used to test these differences is the quasi-experimental method. Population of class X students of Islamic High School PB. Soedirman Cijantung used as a sample of 54 students, with the sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. The research instrument used was a test ability to understand mathematical concepts in the form of a description of 10 questions that had been tested previously. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, then in this study it can be concluded that based on the analysis with the t-test, t_count> ttable is obtained. From the test results obtained the ability to understand mathematical concepts using the Creative Problem Solving learning model is higher than the Constructivism learning model. So it can be concluded that there is a different effect between the application of the Creative Problem Solving learning model and the Constructivism learning model on the ability to understand mathematical concepts.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen dari Pelaku Usaha Periklanan Menurut UU Nomor 8 Tahun 1999
Authors: Fitriah Fitriah
Published: October 2019

The general provisions of Article 1 paragraph 6 of Act Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, that "Promotion is an activity to introduce or disseminate information on an item and / or service to attract consumers' buying interest in goods and / or services that will be and are being traded". Advertising is a form of information, a tool for product business actors to introduce their products to the public in order to attract people to use these products. the public will get an idea of a product if the product is advertised, but the problem is that the ad does not always provide true or complete information about a product, so many consumers feel cheated by outstanding advertisements. There are several articles regulating advertisements on legal protection against consumers, namely Article 9, Article 10, Article 12, Article 13, Article 17, and Article 20. If a business actor has made an agreement with the consumer then the businessman deceives with the purpose of fraud then it can be used as an excuse to cancel the agreement stipulated in Article 1321 of the Civil Code and article 1328 of the Civil Code. However, if there is no contractual or contractual relationship between the business actor and the consumer, the consumer is harmed as a result of the advertisement lie, for example a consumer is injured and loses, the business actor is declared as a party that is violated by Article 1365 of the Civil Code.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEMILIK RAHASIA DAGANG YANG BERSIFAT KOMERSIL
Authors: Yanuarsi Susi
Published: October 2019

Normative trade secrets are formulated as information that is not known to the public in the field of technology and / or business that has economic value because they are useful in business activities, and are kept confidential by the owners of trade secrets. Ownership and protection of confidential information that is categorized as trade secrets and is an intangible asset of the company, occurs automatically. Whoever discovers or makes this trade secret, it is automatically by law that he is considered to be the owner and this owner has the right to use or complain given a permit made by everyone for commercial support purposes
A presença da disciplina de filosofia no currículo escolar de Moçambique
Authors: Oliveira Alexandre Alvaro , Carminati Celso João
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo, analisamos o atual contexto da presença da disciplina de filosofia, no ensino secundário geral do segundo ciclo (11º e 12º anos de escolaridade), de Moçambique, contextualizando historicamente sua configuração e as condições do ensino. Os resultados indicam que o ensino da filosofia nesse nível é ministrado com objetivos predefinidos, com potencial para uma aprendizagem significativa. Já a pesquisa é utilizada como estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem. Há diversas lacunas a registrar: ratio conteúdos, carga horária semanal, acervo bibliográfico abaixo das necessidades.
ANALISIS RESTORASI CITRA KABUR ALGORITMA WIENER MENGGUNAKAN INDEKS KUALITAS CITRA
Authors: Afiyat Nur
Published: October 2019

Degradation and additional noise in an image will make the quality decreases. Image restoration is needed to restore the image quality to be similar to the original state. Damage to the image can restored include: blurred image, the image with noise spots, dual image, over-saturated color, and the pixel error. To make theblur image is modeled as a convolution between the original image with the point spread function (PSF) which is a point or object spectrum will be spread out so that objects appear to fade. Image restoration is done by passing a blurry image on a filter. In this study discussed Wiener image restoration algorithm using the input image is degraded motion blur and Gaussian blur. Quality image restoration results were analyzed using the image quality index, by comparing the image of the restoration of the original image as a reference. Further image restoration results used as the input image is then processed using Index Image Analysis GUI application. Each of the input image must have a resolution and dimensions that are identical to a reference image. The results showed that by providing opaqueness different models on the same image, the degree of blurring that occurs will be different. Image quality index results for the restoration of degraded image higher than the Gaussian blur image of the restoration of degraded image motion blur. Image quality index results for the restoration of degraded image motion blur ranged from 0.84229 up to 0.87146. Image quality index results for the restoration of degraded Gaussian blur images ranging from 0.86969 up to 0.90025.Keywords: Restoration, blur image, PSF, Wiener algorithm, the image quality index.
TERMINAL KOMUNIKASI DATA UNTUK KAPAL NELAYAN BERBASIS SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER DAN MIKROKONTROLER
Authors: Afiyat Nur
Published: October 2019

Indonesia merupakan negara maritim dengan potensi sumber daya perikanan yang besar, potensi tersebut belum sepenuhnya tergarap oleh nelayan tradisional karena kurangnya penggunaan teknologi telekomunikasi. Sistem komunikasi satelit lazim digunakan pada kapal nelayan skala besar, hal tersebut dikarenakan sistem komunikasi satelit mempunyai berbagai kelebihan, tetapi sistem komunikasi satelit membutuhkan biaya yang besar. Agar peralatan telekomunikasi pada kapal nelayan tradisional tersedia dengan harga terjangkau maka diperlukan rancangan peralatan telekomunikasi pada kapal nelayan yang tidak membutuhkan biaya besar. Vessel  Messaging System (VMeS) merupakan sistem komunikasi berbasis radio yang bisa diterapkan di kapal nelayan dengan biaya yang terjangkau. Pada penelitian ini digunakan Single Board Computer (SBC) sebagai terminal komunikasi, IC-TCM3105 digunakan pada modul modem, serta digunakan mikrokontroler sebagai media access control. Terminal komunikasi data diintegrasikan dengan modul Global Positioning System (GPS) yang berfungsi untuk mengetahui posisi kapal. Dari pengujian yang dilakukan didapatkan nilai Bit Error Rate (BER) pada pengujian dengan berbagai jarak jangkauan mulai dari 40 meter, 50 meter dan 60 meter adalah nol. Sedangkan untuk nilai packet loss mulai muncul pada uji coba dengan jarak jangkau 50 meter dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 7,2 %. Nilai packet loss pada uji coba dengan jarak jangkau 60 meter adalah yang tertinggi dengan rata-rata sebesar 15,2 %. Coverage area atau jarak jangkau maksimal dari purwarupa terminal komunikasi data yang dirancang adalah ± 60 meter karena ketika terminal komunikasi data diuji coba dengan jarak jangkau di atas 60 meter kinerja terminal sudah tidak maksimal karena packet loss yang besar.
Penerapan Traveling Salesman Problem pada Penyebaran Brosur Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Nurul Jadid Menggunakan Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Farisi Olief Ilmandira Ratu , Pratamasunu Gulpi Qorik Oktagalu , Hadi Khairul Anas Nur Islam
Published: October 2019

Penyebaran brosur Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru (PMB) Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Nurul Jadid (STTNJ) memiliki rute kunjungan ke 37 Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA/SMK/MA) di Probolinggo. Setiap sekolah hanya dapat dikunjungi satu kali dan setelah selesai tim penyebar akan kembali lagi ke STTNJ. Permasalahan ini sesuai dengan konsep Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), dimana tujuannya adalah mencari rute yang paling optimal, sehingga penyebaran brosur menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien. Untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ini, diusulkan penggunaan metode Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). ACO adalah metode yang didesain untuk menyelesaikan kasus TSP, terinspirasi dari perilaku koloni semut dalam menemukan jalur terpendek dari sarang menuju sumber makanan. Uji coba dilakukan untuk menentukan parameter ACO dengan waktu komputasi yang lebih cepat dan hasil yang mendekati optimal. Dari hasil uji coba didapat nilai: 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 5, 𝜌 = 0,2, iterasi = 320 dan semut = 15. Selanjutnya dilakukan percobaan sebanyak 30 kali pada kasus TSP penyebaran brosur PMB, dan mendapat hasil solusi terbaik 181,6 km dengan waktu komputasi 86,9 detik. Rata-rata hasil solusi dari 30 kali percobaan adalah 187,28 km dengan rata-rata waktu komputasi 103,34 detik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode ACO dapat mencari rute optimal dengan waktu yang singkat.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM NOMOR ANTRIAN SERVIS BERBASIS SMS GATEWAY
Authors: Anam M. Khoirul , - Zulfikar , Sifaunajah Agus
Published: October 2019

Service queuing mechanism is now still using a manual system, where the consumer must come directly to the workshop and the consumer must queue up first. In need of a service queue service system that supports to overcome the old queue and for the workshop has certain characteristics of other workshops and Help improve the quality of service at the workshop. One type of technology implementation in terms of increasing business competition is to use the internet as a communications media owned by the company Application of a database that is as a container to accommodate the data processing queue service. This system uses the programming language PHP and MySQL.Aplikasi also provides SMS Gateway service to customers to minimize the occurrence of customer delays.This application also presents reports addressed to the owner (owner), namely: report queue number.Keywords: Service Queue, database, SMS Gateway PHP and MySQL.
IMPLEMENTASI SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PADA UMKM TENUN TROSO JEPARA
Authors: Azizah Noor , Pramandari Virliana Dicky
Published: October 2019

The troso weaving produced by SMEs in Jepara currently has a greatly increased public demand, and this has resulted in an increase in the number of suppliers and distributors owned by the troso weaving companies. The company needs to select suppliers so that the received raw materials have quality and price in accordance with the budgeted by the company as well as selecting distributors so that ready-made troso weave is marketed accordingly. To improve the performance of the company, the need for supply chain management (SCM) strategy by taking into account the flow of communication between partners, the ability of the company to establish relationships with suppliers and distributors. System development method used is to use waterfall method which starts from system requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The result of this research is the SCM information system at UMKM Tenoon web-based troso. The benefits of this research are to help SMEs to facilitate in determining the best suppliers and distributors.Keywords: supply chain management, SMEs, troso
PENGARUH MUTU DAN PEMELIHARAAN PERANGKAT LUNAK PADA KELAYAKAN dan HASIL VALIDASI APLIKASI
Authors: Parlika Rizky , Lintang P Heldian , Setia R Ilham , Suriansyah Muhammad , Humania B Nobel , Yulianto Emmil , Aulia N Rayhan
Published: October 2019

Perancangan sebuah aplikasi yang sedemikian rupa akan meningkatkan mutu serta kualitas. Demikian juga suatu perawatan pada aplikasi akan mengimbangi, makalah ini membahas tentang bagaimana suatu aplikasi, secara luas, memiliki mutu dan pemeliharaannya yang pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi suatu validasi atau kelayakan terhadap aplikasi tersebut. Dan hasil validasi di ambil dari contoh aplikasi yang telah penulis buat.
Estratégias museológicas participativas: refletindo e atuando em Sociomuseologia
Authors: Janeirinho Raquel
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we reflect about several issues, such as the centrality of community participation; the participatory inventory and the necessary recognition and appropriation of cultural heritage; the urgency of a dialogical thinking, where theory and practice are interlinked; the importance of interdisciplinarity in Sociomuseology; the succession of participative methods, which contributes to a better knowledge of the fieldwork and to the relation museum-community-territory; and the heritage education as a foundation to citizenship, development and cultural legacy valorisation.

Keywords: Participatory inventory, Sociomuseology, Cultural heritage, Collective memory, Community development and participation
Museu, patrimônio e cidade: camadas de sentido em Paraty
Authors: Chagas Mario
Published: October 2019

The role of museums in strategies for preservation of historic cities included in the category of heritage is the guiding thread of this text which, on the other hand, recognizes that these cities are themselves and one time, as well as museums, places of memory and forgetting, power and resistance.
The museums here are understood as social practices, havens for relationship and storytelling devices that are constructed through spatiality, temporality, images, information, experiences and cohabitation handled simultaneously as goods, representations and cultural events.
The study focuses on a museum located in a city-heritage, the Museum of Sacred Art in the city of Paraty.

Keywords: conservation; museums; heritage; urban heritage
Restituição dos bens culturais retirados no contexto do colonialismo: instrumento de desenvolvimento e de diálogo intercultural
Authors: Serrano Carlos
Published: October 2019

This article addresses the restitution of cultural property removed from the context of colonialism, the establishment of the international regime for the protection and restitution of cultural heritage, its principles, limitations and possibilities. Discusses the legitimacy of claims for restitution from the perspective of imprescriptibility crimes against Human Rights of the colonial period, and as a means for the decolonization of the relations between former colonies and former metropolis and reverse the effects of colonialism still present as the weaknesses of national identities of former colonies.

Keywords: Restitution, Cultural properties, Development, Colonialism
Cartas de navegação: planejamento museológico em mar revolto
Authors: Cândido Manuelina
Published: October 2019

This text presents a discussion around the ideas of museum planning as a nautical chart. Its aim is to bring the actual debate about museums management for a widest scope of institutions, arguing that small museums should also to include management in their concerns. Methodologically we understand Museology as applied social science, that means it is able to interfere in the reality and also is based in strong theory that should be linked with practices in order to qualify museums and, in the other hand, the reality improve the theory too. Nautical chart need to be flexible as well as museological planning. How Museology can help museums to not be lost in management criterias coming from other areas?

Keywords: Museums management, museological planning, Museology, Applied Museology
تجنيس العلاقات في مسرحية الغزالات: قراءة في الأنساق الثقافية
Authors: كندي محمد
Published: October 2019

وهكذا دلل التحليل على أنه يمكن إدراج هذه المسرحية الثرية ضمن ملمح جديد من ملامح عطائها، يصب في تيار الأعمال الحضارية العربية ، بقصد الإسهام في محاورات العلاقة بين الشرق والغرب، بكيفيات متفاوتة، وبأساليب عديدة ، من ضمنها التمثيل الرمزي عن طريق العلاقة بين الجنسين ، وخلال هذا التوظيف حافظ الكاتب على معظم طقوس ذلك الترميز وأساسياته ، مع تعديلات طفيفة ، فقد كان ممثل الجنوب رجلا في حين كان ممثلا الشمال رجلا وامرأة ، والعادة جرت في غيرها من أعمال هذا التيار أن تكون العلاقة بين رجل شرقي وامرأة غربية، وكذلك نقل الكاتب أحداث العمل إلى الصحراء جنوب المتوسط ، في حين كانت تدور أحدات الأعمال الأخرى داخل أحياء بالعواصم الغربية، وتحديدًا في لندن وباريس ، إضافة إلى أنه جعل من اعترف بالواقعة ، وقام بسردها الغريم الغربي نفسه، خلافا لما درج عليه كتاب هذا النمط من التوظيف ، بجعل المنتصر هو من يتبجح برواية انتصاراته؛ أما فيما عدا ذلك فلم يتغير شيء من حيث الترتيب، وإصرار الخصم الشرقي على إنجاز النصر مهما كانت التكاليف، وتمكنه من تحقيق ذلك في آخر المشوار، وكذلك من حيث التكنيك الفني، بجعل هذه الفكرة خلفية للعمل وليست معلنة فيه ، وتقديم مشاهدها على دفعات متباعدة ، وشد أواصر العمل عن طريقها ، وما إلى ذلك من التدابير الفنية المعهودة في مثل هذه الأعمال .
ولسنا في وارد التأكيد أو النفي للكامن النفسي الذي ذهب إليه معظم من تعرضوا لهذه الفكرة في الأعمال السردية والدرامية ، وإن كان التحليل يرجح ذلك التوجيه - كما سبق بيانه- إنما القصد هو متابعة انسراب مثل هذه التقنيات الفنية إلى الأعمال الدرامية أيضا ، وتحديدًا في الكتابات الليبية ، وفد أشير في أكثر من موضع إلى حالة الإهمال التي تعانيها ، ولعله بات من المسلم به ، ومن المشهور - أيضا - بين أهل الاختصاص أن القراءة الـتأويلية لا تعدو كونها اقتراحًا لتوجيه أفق الانتظار، دون أدني ادعاء للقول الفصل ، أو الموقف الجازم الذي هو أبعد ما يكون عن آفاق جماليات التلقي وأنماط القراءة التفاعلية
Structure and electrical properties of zinc oxide base iron doped ceramics
Authors: Pashkevich Alexey V. , Fedotov Aleksandr K. , Kasyuk Yuliya V. , Bliznyuk Liudmila A. , Fedotova Julia A. , Basov Nikita A. , Fedotov Alexander S. , Svito Ivan A. , Poddenezhny Evgheni N.
Published: October 2019

The search for new economically advantageous technologies of new zinc oxide based composite ceramic materials and the study of their structure and properties attract special attention today. These ceramics have a number of advantages as compared with materials prepared by more expensive technologies, due to the possibility to fabricate items having different shapes and sizes and particularly to vary their morphology, structure and phase composition. This allows controlling their functional properties by varying the powder particle size in charge, the temperatures, durations and atmospheres of synthesis and heat treatment, and the types of doping impurities in the ceramics. The structure and electrical properties of (FexOy)10(ZnO)90 ceramics (0 ≤ x ≤ 3; 1 ≤ y ≤ 4) synthesized in air using single- and two-stage synthesis methods have been studied. FeO, α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 powders or (α-Fe2O3 + FeO) mixture have been used for ZnO doping. X-ray diffraction, gamma-ray resonance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy data suggest that at average iron concentrations of 1–3 at.% the ceramic specimens contain at least three phases: the Zn1-δFeδO solid solution with a wurtzite structure, the ZnFe2O4 ferrite phase with a spinel structure and FexOy residual iron oxides which were used as doping impurities. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray analysis have shown that the wurtzite phase grain size in the ceramic specimens decreases from several decades of microns for single-stage synthesis to submicron sizes for two- stage synthesis. We show that iron addition to ZnO induces a compression of the wurtzite phase crystal lattice, the compression of lattice magnitude being proportional to the oxygen content in the FexOy iron oxide doping agent. The temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity suggest that deep donor centers with an activation energy of about 0.37 eV are formed in the Zn1-δFeδO wurtzite phase. The temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity of electrons for undoped ZnO in the 6–300 K range and for doped (FeO)10(ZnO)90 ceramic synthesized in one stage exhibit a variable activation energy below 50 K which indicates a heavily disordered structure.
Protura from Hainan Island, China: new species, checklist and distribution
Authors: Bu Yun , Xiong Yan , Luan Yun-Xia , Yin Wen-Ying
Published: October 2019

More than 1500 proturan specimens from Hainan Island are systematically studied. An annotated list of all species of Protura from Hainan Island is provided and their geographical distribution is discussed. The genus Paracondeellum is reported from Hainan Island for the first time, and Paracondeellum paradisumsp. nov. is described. The type species Paracondeellum dukouense (Tang & Yin, 1988) is redescribed based on syntype, and the lectotype and paralectotype are designated. The characters of the genus Paracondeellum are redefined, and the two known species are compared in detail. The Protura fauna of Hainan Island is mainly composed of species from the Oriental region, with 91% of the species belonging to the families Berberentulidae and Eosentomidae.
Establishing a new species group of Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 with the description of two new species (Araneae, Sparassidae)
Authors: Zhang He , Jäger Peter , Liu Jie
Published: October 2019

The huntsman spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 contains 140 species worldwide, of which 61 have been described from China. In this paper, this knowledge is increased by the description of two new species from Yunnan Province in China. These new species, P. physematosasp. nov. (♀) and P. semilunatasp. nov. (♂♀), are treated with five previously described ones, P. bibulba Xu & Yin, 2000 (♂♀), P. signata Jäger, 2001 (♂♀), P. wu Jäger, Li & Krehenwinkel, 2015 (♂♀), P. yinae Jäger & Vedel, 2007 (♂), and P. yunnanensis Yang & Hu, 2001 (♂♀), as the newly defined Pseudopoda signata species group. The P. signata group can be distinguished from other groups within Pseudopoda by the male palps with long, slightly broad, S-shaped embolus, small but distinct tegular apophysis, pronounced dRTA and reduced vRTA, and by the female with V-shaped or W-shaped anterior margins of lateral lobes, membranous and wide first winding, long and strongly curved SIDS (sclerotised internal duct system), the latter mostly covered by the first winding. The monophyly of this group is also supported by molecular phylogenetic results mainly based on Chinese Pseudopoda species. In addition, photographs of P. bibulba (♂♀), P. signata (♂♀), and P. yunnanensis (♂♀) are provided. P. bibulba is newly recorded from Guizhou Province and P. signata is newly recorded from Yunnan Province.
La haine sous contrat : soigner l’anorexie à l’hôpital
Authors: Votadoro Pablo
Published: October 2019

Il n’y a pas d’évidence à soigner sous contrat les formes sévères d’anorexie, si ce n’est qu’il paraît nécessaire à la rencontre de trouver un dispositif pour encadrer la haine. La haine de soi et la haine de l’autre ont comme caractéristique de s’éprouver plus que de s’exprimer en empruntant la voie corporelle, pour laquelle le cadre contractuel constitue une réponse encore pertinente pour permettre de dépasser l’épreuve.
L’adolescent mal accueilli : pulsion de mort et institution
Authors: Dargent Fanny
Published: October 2019

À partir du récit clinique d’une longue hospitalisation en unité psychiatrique, l’auteur s’intéresse à la double valence de la répétition transférentielle, sous le prisme de la régression. Sont analysés les effets tout à la fois mortifères et liants de la régression, notamment ici dans le passage par les actings sado-masochistes comme voie de sortie à une identification mélancolique.
Violence dans le travail d’équipe
Authors: Chapellon Sébastien
Published: October 2019

Il arrive qu’un adolescent transfère sa propre désorganisation interne sur les personnes qui l’entourent. Entre elles, des incompréhensions et des tensions émergeront. La problématique que l’adolescent leur demande inconsciemment d’héberger peut induire une grande violence interpersonnelle, au risque de dévaster les liens institutionnels. Différents exemples éclairent les mécanismes intersubjectifs à l’œuvre.
La France toujours en quête de nouvelles idées pour coopérer
Authors: Berger Olivier
Published: October 2019

Résumé Quand on manque d'hélicoptères lourds pour transporter des forces spéciales au Sahel, quand on manque de drones et de satellites pour couvrir un théâtre, quand l'unique porte-avions doit se stopper deux ans pour un arrêt technique majeur, il est nécessaire de coopérer. C'est donc bien par nécessité que la France multiplie ses coopérations en matière de défense, afin de ne renoncer à rien tout en faisant appel aux autres en matière de formation et d'équipements. La France ménage donc l'ensemble de ses partenaires, à divers niveaux : l'OTAN, l'UE, la force du G5-Sahel dans le cadre de l'opération « Bar-khane », sans oublier ses partenariats bilatéraux, finalement les moins aventureux quand l'incertitude règne...
État de la recherche sur les enclos circulaires de l’Âge du Bronze dans la moyenne vallée de la Scarpe : les sites de Lambres-lez-Douai et de Sin-le-Noble (Nord)
Authors: Julien Maël , Rousseaux Marie-Hélène , Vatteon Sophie , Charraud François , Gutierrez Caroline
Published: October 2019

Deux opérations réalisées par Douaisis Agglo récemment sur les sites de la ZAC de L’Ermitage 2 à Lambres-lez-Douai et de l’écoquartier du Raquet à Sin-le-Noble, ont permis la découverte d’enclos circulaires de l’Âge du Bronze. Leur fouille enrichit les problématiques régionales touchant l’architecture des monuments, les pratiques funéraires et la fossilisation des structures de l’Âge du Bronze dans le paysage.
Le cadre hydraulique de l’émergence urbaine de Lille : réexamen des données historiques et archéologiques
Authors: Dessaux Nicolas
Published: October 2019

L’examen des sources archéologiques et historiques conduit à formuler de nouvelles hypothèses sur le rôle des rivières et marais dans l’émergence urbaine de Lille. Il permet également de rectifier plusieurs interprétations fautives qui circulent dans l’historiographie lilloise. Le site initial, à la confluence de deux rivières, est progressivement aménagé par deux ports successifs et un système d’enceintes fossoyées. La navigation fluviale n’apparaît pas comme un facteur déterminant avant le xiii e s., lorsque des choix politiques tentent de la développer.
Influence of the Bauschinger Effect on the Distribution of Residual Stresses in a Thin Hollow Hyperbolic Disc under External Pressure
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Lyamina Elena , Jeng Yeau Ren
Published: October 2019

There are materials whose forward flow curve is practically independent of plastic strain (perfect plasticity) but the Bauschinger effect reduces the elastic range with flow reversal. A new model that is capable of describing such behavior of material under plane stress conditions has been recently proposed. An important class of structures in which the state of stress can often be accurately approximated by plane stress conditions is thin hollow discs. It is therefore of interest to use the new model for determining the distribution of residual stresses in thin discs subject to various loading conditions, followed by unloading. This paper presents a solution for the residual stresses and strains in a hollow hyperbolic disc loading by external pressure, followed by unloading.
Conical Round Tubes - Preliminary Tests for Use on Lighting Columns
Authors: Kruzel Robert
Published: October 2019

Conical pipes belong to a group of economical profiles, which find broad application in various metal products. Until now the conical pipes are manufactured by following methods: rolling on two-high mill in impressions with varying depth on the rolls perimeter; forging in lever swaging machine, formation in combined process of drawing and rolling, and rolling on skew rolling mill. Manufacturing of conical pipes belong to complicated engineering processes, and used until now methods do not allow to meet demand for conical pipes – especially the long ones with large crosswise dimensions, e.g. pipes for lamp posts. This situation makes it reasonable to look for new processes with wider engineering possibilities when compared with till now known methods. It seems that the process of conical pipe envelope formation will allow to wide conical pipes assortment.
Investigation of Arc Bubble Affecting the Arc Stability and Improvement of Weld Appearances Using Bubble Constraint Device in Underwater Wet Welding
Authors: Chen Hao , Guo Ning , Feng Ji Cai , Wang Guo Dong
Published: October 2019

The generating, floating and collapsing of arc bubble is a special phenomenon in underwater flux-cored wet welding. The configuration changing process of bubble will change the stress on droplet and influence the droplet transfer process. In this study, the shape changing of bubble is captured in graphic and the real-time electric signal data is obtained. The impact of bubble floating and collapsing results in the globular repelled transfer mode, which also reduces the arc stability. A self-designed gas-shield cover is used as a bubble constraint device to improve the welding process stability and weld appearances by limiting the free floating and expansion of arc bubble. The relationships between the cover diameter and the characteristics of weld appearance are studied.
Influence of Bottom Ashes from Biomass on Compressive Strength of Concretes
Authors: Ulewicz Malgorzata , Jura Jakub
Published: October 2019

The preliminary results of utilization of bottom ash from combustion of biomass for the produce of concrete has been presented. Currently, this waste are deposited in industrial waste landfills. The chemical composition of waste materials was determined using X-ray fluorescence (spectrometer ARL Advant 'XP). Concrete were made using CEM I 42.5 R (Cemex) and sand - gravel mix aggregate. The obtained concrete were subjected to microscopic examination (LEO Electron Microscopy Ltd.) and their compressive strength (PN-EN-196-1) and absorbability (PN-85/B-04500) were identified. The obtained results showed, the replacement of the natural aggregates by bottom ash from combustion of biomass reduce consumption of raw materials and will have a good influence on the environment.
Геометрия центральных расширений нильпотентных алгебр Ли
Authors: Millionshchikov Dmitry Vladimirovich , Jimenez Rolando Benitez
Published: October 2019

Предложен рекуррентный и монотонный способ построения и классификации нильпотентных алгебр Ли путем последовательных центральных расширений. Он заключается в вычислении вторых когомологий $H^2(\mathfrak g,\mathbb K)$ расширяемой нильпотентной алгебры Ли $\mathfrak g$ с последующим изучением геометрии пространства орбит действия группы автоморфизмов $\mathrm {Aut}(\mathfrak g)$ алгебры Ли $\mathfrak g$ на грассманианах вида $\mathrm {Gr}(m,H^2(\mathfrak g,\mathbb K))$. При этом необходимо учитывать фильтрованную структуру когомологий относительно идеалов нижнего центрального ряда: коцикл, определяющий центральное расширение, должен иметь максимальную фильтрацию. Такой геометрический метод позволяет классифицировать нильпотентные алгебры Ли малых размерностей, а также классифицировать узкие естественно градуированные алгебры Ли. Вводится понятие жесткого центрального расширения. Построены примеры жестких и нежестких центральных расширений.
Гомотопические типы Sp(2)-калибровочных групп над замкнутыми односвязными четырехмерными многообразиями
Authors: So Tseleung , Theriault Stephen
Published: October 2019

Вычисляется количество различных гомотопических типов калибровочных групп главных $\mathrm {Sp}(2)$-расслоений над замкнутым односвязным четырехмерным многообразием.
Многочлен объема регулярных полупростых многообразий Хессенберга и многогранник Гельфанда-Цетлина
Authors: Harada Megumi , Horiguchi Tatsuya , Masuda Mikiya , Park Seonjeong
Published: October 2019

Регулярные полупростые многообразия Хессенберга - это алгебраические подмногообразия в многообразии флагов $\mathrm {Flag}(\mathbb C^n)$, естественно возникающие на пересечении геометрии, теории представлений и комбинаторики. Недавние результаты Абэ-Хоригути-Масуды-Мураи-Сато и Абэ-ДеДьe-Галетто-Харады позволили связать многочлены объема регулярных полупростых многообразий Хессенберга с многочленом объема многогранника Гельфанда-Цетлина $\mathrm {GZ}(\lambda )$ при $\lambda =(\lambda _1,\lambda _2,…,\lambda _n)$. Основные результаты работы состоят в выводе явной формулы для многочленов объема регулярных полупростых многообразий Хессенберга в терминах объемов определенных граней многогранника Гельфанда-Цетлина, а также в получении формулы для многочлена объема в переменных $\alpha _i := \lambda _i-\lambda _{i+1}$, коэффициенты которой имеют комбинаторный смысл и, как следствие, неотрицательны. При этом используется и обобщается техника работ Андерсона-Тимочко, Кириченко-Смирнова-Тиморина и Постникова. В качестве приложения полученных результатов подробно исследован частный случай - пермутоэдрическое многообразие, известное также как торическое многообразие, соответствующее набору камер Вейля. Для него построено явное разбиение пермутоэдра (образа отображения моментов для пермутоэдрического многообразия) на комбинаторные $(n-1)$-кубы и получена алгебро-геометрическая интерпретация этого разбиения, состоящая в выражении класса когомологий пермутоэдрического многообразия в многообразии $\mathrm {Flag}(\mathbb C^n)$ в виде суммы классов когомологий определенного набора многообразий Ричардсона.
Эффект целочисленного квантования числа вращения в группах кос
Authors: Malyutin Andrei Valer'evich
Published: October 2019

В.М. Бухштабер, О.В. Карпов и С.И. Тертычный инициировали изучение эффекта целочисленного квантования числа вращения для класса динамических систем на торе, включающего динамические системы, моделирующие динамику джозефсоновского перехода. По аналогии с этим эффектом в настоящей работе инициировано изучение схожего эффекта квантования числа вращения для класса групп, действующих на окружности, включая группы кос Артина.
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Cambodia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Bulgaria
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Honduras
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: October 2019

This Selected Issues paper uses efficiency frontiers for benchmarking of social spending in Honduras. The results reveal significant room to improve public health and education spending efficiency with potentially large fiscal savings. From an input-oriented point of view, Honduras performs poorly in education and health spending efficiency. From an output-oriented point of view, health spending efficiency appears to be in line with regional comparators, while there is room to improve efficiency in secondary education. In health and education spending, the priority is to tackle the disconnection between compensation benefits and labor productivity.
Chad
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses Chad’s Third and Fourth Reviews Under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement, and Requests for Waivers of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria (PCs), Augmentation of Access, Extension of the Current Arrangement, and Rephasing of Disbursements. The authorities in Chad have implemented substantial fiscal adjustment to balance the budget and contain the accumulation of arrears. Nonetheless, liquidity conditions remain very tight, and social tensions have risen recently owing to the large cuts in current spending. IMF staff supports the completion of the third and fourth reviews under the ECF arrangement, the waivers of nonobservance of PCs on the nonaccumulation of domestic arrears and nonaccumulation of external arrears.
Finland
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses key findings of the Financial System Stability Assessment concerning Finland. It reveals that Finland’s banking system remains well capitalized and profitable. Although low interest rates have squeezed net interest income, banks have increased income from trading and insurance and reduced cost-income ratios, helping to maintain profitability. Nonperforming loans have remained low and capitalization ratios are well above requirements, though buffers may be exaggerated by the aggressive use of risk weights. The Net Stable Funding Ratio suggests that vulnerabilities from maturity mismatches are limited in aggregate. Nevertheless, previously identified vulnerabilities remain, and some have increased.
India
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Market Access for Developing Country Exports - Selected Issues
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have drawn together available research findings on the benefits of trade liberalization as well as on the obstacles to trade-oriented development.
Midterm Review of the Caribbean Regional Technical Assistance Centre (CARTAC)
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

The mid-term review was undertaken to help funding and implementing agencies foster a greater level of understanding of the Caribbean Regional Technical Assistance Center's (CARTAC) work. It ascertains activities to date and should help the Steering Committee determine optimal strategies for the Center’s continuation.
Fiscal Policy for the Crisis
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

The current crisis calls for two main sets of policy measures. First, measures to repair the financial system. Second, measures to increase demand and restore confidence. While some of these measures overlap, the focus of this note is on the second set of policies, and more specifically, given the limited room for monetary policy, on fiscal policy.
The Fund's Income Position for FY 2009-Midyear Review
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

This paper reviews the outlook for the Fund’s income position for the financial year 2009 taking into account developments through the first half of the year. The FY 2009 income outlook has improved, mainly as a result of new lending activity associated with the turmoil in global financial markets, together, to a lesser extent, with stronger-than-projected returns in the Investment Account (IA) in the first half of the financial year. The updated projections indicate that the net income position would be slightly positive in FY 2009. However, the actual outcome remains subject to considerable uncertainty related to the timing and amounts of disbursements under current arrangements, as well as potential new arrangements and the performance of the IA
Statement by the Managing Director on the Work Program of the Executive Board - Executive Board Meeting, November 24, 2008
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

The global economy is going through a period of unprecedented financial instability. The Fund has been asked by the IMFC to play a leading role in helping the membership both to deal with the immediate crisis and work towards a new strengthened global architecture. These tasks are well within our mandate. Addressing these challenges—and doing so within a compressed timeframe—will require strict prioritization on three key areas: (i) providing policy advice and timely financial support that meets members’ needs; (ii) understanding what went wrong; (iii) and assembling the building blocks of a new international financial architecture.
A New Facility for Market Access Countries--The Short-Term Liquidity Facility - proposed decision
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

This supplement sets forth the proposed decision that is needed to establish the Short-Term Liquidity Facility (“SLF”) proposed in the main paper. It also summarizes key aspects and implications of this decision, and reviews the applicability to the SLF of other Fund policies.
Fuel and Food Price Subsidies - Issues and Reform Options
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

Government price subsidies are pervasive in developed, emerging, and low-income countries. A subsidy is a form of government intervention resulting in a deviation of an actual price facing consumers and producers from a specified benchmark price. Subsidies affect consumption and production patterns as well as the distribution of resources, with important implications for the budget, expenditure composition, and long-term growth. They can and often do involve fiscal costs, but not all affect government fiscal accounts in the same way. Price subsidies have spillover effects onto prices and quantities in domestic, regional, or global markets. This paper discusses the key issues and policy options in the reform of subsidies for fossil fuels and selected food commodities, and their implications for the work of the Fund.
Review of Access to Financing in the Credit Tranches and Under the Extended Fund Facility, and Overall Access Limits Under the General Resources Account
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

The Board completed its last review of access policy in February 2008 (2008 Access Policy Review). At that time, while some Directors saw the need for an increase in the limits on normal access to Fund resources, most Directors supported maintaining the access limits in the credit tranches and under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) and the separate overall limits on access to resources in the General Resources Account (GRA) at the present level of 100 percent of quota on an annual basis and 300 percent on a cumulative basis. During the 2008 Spring Meetings, the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) encouraged the Executive Board to consider raising access limits. In doing so, the IMFC recognized that emerging market and developing countries are not immune to a broadening of the problems in financial markets and looked forward to reviewing progress at its next meeting. A fresh look at access limits is warranted in light of the broader review of the Fund’s lending framework which is underway, and to take account of the April 28, 2008 agreement on a second round of ad hoc quota increases under the quota and voice reform.
Proposed Reforms to the Exogenous Shocks Facility
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

The review of the ESF is being accelerated in light of experience and worsening global economic conditions, in particular the surge in food and fuel prices. Despite having become effective in 2006, the ESF has yet to be used. Recent discussions with creditors, donors, potential users, and outside observers have highlighted a number of ways to enhance its effectiveness.
Policy for Country Contributions for Capacity Building
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

This paper proposes a strengthened country contributions policy for capacity-building services. It builds on the recent Executive Board discussions on capacity-building reforms, which included proposals for the use of charges (country contributions) to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the Fund’s capacity-building activities. On the basis of this country contributions policy, management intends to issue a staff guidance note on implementation and to take steps to bring it to the attention of members and other recipients of Fund capacity-building activities.
Statement by the Managing Director on the Work Program of the Executive Board
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

Our work on restructuring the IMF is now well advanced, but our work on refocusing the IMF is only beginning. Over the next few months I expect to see a shift of emphasis in our work away from our internal concerns such as the size and governance structure of the IMF and toward the actions the IMF will take to help our members meet global challenges. Drawing on the ideas set out in my statement on Strategic Directions in the Medium-Term Budget, I will propose action in some of the major areas of the IMF's work. The principle guiding our work will continue to be responsiveness to our members' needs with a focus on the IMF's comparative advantage. We will aim to make substantial progress over the next few months but in a number of areas, the work will continue beyond the Annual Meetings.
Training as Part of Capacity Building - Recent Initiatives and Strategic Considerations
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

This paper focuses on the IMF’s training program as part of the Medium–Term Strategy (MTS) for capacity building in member countries.1 It updates Executive Directors on the current features of the program, reviews the efforts that have been made in recent years to strengthen the curriculum and to enhance value for money, and considers options for boosting external financing of training through charging and increased donor contributions. The paper also provides background for addressing the following issues:

— Are the objectives of IMF training fully consistent with the broader objectives of the institution? And are these training objectives being met?
— Is Fund training efficiently organized—i.e., is the current degree of decentralization sensible?
— Are adequate evaluation and feedback mechanisms in place?
—In the absence of market signals and with a large unsatisfied demand, how can we determine the “right” volume of training and how can we assess its worth?
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY2008 and FY2009
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

This paper provides the basis for the annual review of the Fund’s income position, including a review of the system of special charges. The paper also sets out proposed decisions relating to the Fund’s income position for FY 2008 and FY 2009. The review takes account of the recent discussions in the Executive Board on the new income model for the Fund. The paper is structured as follows: Section II reviews the Fund’s FY 2008 income position, provides an explanation of key variances from projections, and discusses the impact of restructuring costs on the income position; Section III makes proposals for the disposition of investment income and the General Resources Account (GRA) income position; Section IV outlines updated projections and proposes a margin for the rate of charge for FY 2009; Section V provides an update on the burden sharing mechanism; and Section VI reviews special charges.