bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyimide Films Using Hydrophobic Fumed Silica Fillers
Authors: Yeob Jongin , Hong Sung Woo , Koh Won-Gun , Park In
Published: January 2024

Polyimide (PI) composite films with enhanced mechanical properties were prepared by incorporating modified fumed silica (FS) particles while preserving their optical and thermal characteristics. The PI matrix was synthesized using a fluorinated diamine, a fluorinated dianhydride, and a rigid biphenyl dianhydride via chemical imidization. Commercially available FS particles, including unmodified FS particles (0-FS) and particles modified with dimethyl (2-FS), trimethyl (3-FS), octyl (8-FS), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4-FS), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-FS) were used. Scanning electron microscope images and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms revealed well-defined porous structures in the FS particles. The water contact angles on the composite films increased compared to those of the pristine PI films, indicating improved water resistance. The PI/0-FS films exhibited a typical trade-off relationship between tensile modulus and elongation at break, as observed in conventional composites. Owing to the poor compatibility and agglomeration of the PDMS-FS particles, the PI/PDMS-FS composite films exhibited poor mechanical performance and diminished optical characteristics. Although the longer-chained FS particles (8- and D4-FS) improved the tensile modulus of the PI film by up to 12%, a reduction of more than 20% in toughness was observed. The PI composite films containing the methylated FS particles (2- and 3-FS) outperformed 8- and D4-FS in terms of mechanical properties, with PI/3-FS films showing an over 10% increased tensile modulus (from 4.07 to 4.42 GPa) and 15% improved toughness (from 6.97 to 8.04 MJ/m3) at 7 wt. % silica loading. Except for the PI/PDMS-FS composites, all composite film samples exhibited more than 86% transmittance at 550 nm. Regarding thermal properties, the glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability remained stable for most composite films. In addition, PI/3-FS films demonstrated enhanced dimensional stability with lower coefficients of thermal expansion (from 47.3 to 34.5 ppm/°C). Overall, this study highlights the potential of incorporating specific modified FS particles to tailor the mechanical, optical, and thermal properties of PI composite films.
Evolution, Prospects, and Predicaments of Polymers in Marine Applications: A Potential Successor to Traditional Materials
Authors: Dhandapani Aravind , Krishnasamy Senthilkumar , Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar , Periasamy Diwahar , Muthukumar Chandrasekar , Sundaresan Thirumalai Kumaran , Ali Saood , Kurniawan Rendi
Published: January 2024

Polymers are ideal solutions for architects and constructors in the marine field who require materials that can achieve light and stable structures owing to their unique advantages. For instance, they possess a high strength-to-weight ratio, high wear resistance and fatigue strength, resistance to corrosion, ease of fabrication, and superior vibration damping behavior. These properties make polymers well suited for marine-based applications. However, polymers have their disadvantages, such as contributing to plastic pollution, which has a detrimental impact on the environment. In recent times, various concurrent methods have been employed to advance the future of polymers. This review explores (i) an overall view of polymers used in marine industries, (ii) a focus on reducing plastic wastage, (iii) challenges involved in recycling polymers and ensuring their sustainability, and (iv) the development of renewable plastics.
Surgical Treatment of Multiple Bone Cysts Using a Platelet-Rich Fibrin and BoneAlbumin Composite Graft: A Case Report
Authors: Major Martin , Kivovics Márton , Szabó Bence Tamás , Déri Tamás , Polyák Melinda , Jákob Noémi Piroska , Csete Dániel , Mócsai Attila , Németh Zsolt , Szabó György
Published: January 2024

Promising research results have been obtained on the tissue-regeneration properties of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin) in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. PRF presumably promotes healing and accelerates ossification. In this case report, the patient had a history of Gorlin–Goltz syndrome, also called nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disease that was known for many years. As a consequence, cysts were detected in both the mandible and maxilla. We performed decompression on this 37-year-old patient, followed by a cystectomy on an extensive lesion in the right angle of the mandible. One cyst from each side of the body mandible and one from the maxilla were completely enucleated, as determined using an intraoral exploration. The resulting bone defect was filled with a composite graft composed of a mixture of A-PRF and a serum albumin-coated bone allograft (BoneAlbumin). The wound was then covered with a PRF membrane. The surgical sites were closed per primam. The postoperative period was uneventful. Biopsies were performed after three and six months of healing for histological micromorphometry analyses. Dental implants were placed at the sampling site. Three months after the implantation, the ossified implants were fitted with superstructures. To date, no complications have appeared with the bone augmentation. The authors interpret from the findings that the combination of A-PRF and BoneAlbumin can be validated as a prosperous bone substitute. It can be safely implanted after a 3-month ossification period.
The Assessment of Industrial Agglomeration in China Based on NPP-VIIRS Nighttime Light Imagery and POI Data
Authors: Chen Zuoqi , Xu Wenxiang , Zhao Zhiyuan
Published: January 2024

Industrial agglomeration, as a typical aspect of industrial structures, significantly influences policy development, economic growth, and regional employment. Due to the collection limitations of gross domestic product (GDP) data, the traditional assessment of industrial agglomeration usually focused on a specific field or region. To better measure industrial agglomeration, we need a new proxy to estimate GDP data for different industries. Currently, nighttime light (NTL) remote sensing data are widely used to estimate GDP at diverse scales. However, since the light intensity from each industry is mixed, NTL data are being adopted less to estimate different industries’ GDP. To address this, we selected an optimized model from the Gaussian process regression model and random forest model to combine Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership—Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) NTL data and points-of-interest (POI) data, and successfully estimated the GDP of eight major industries in China for 2018 with an accuracy (R2) higher than 0.80. By employing the location quotient to measure industrial agglomeration, we found that a dominated industry had an obvious spatial heterogeneity. The central and eastern regions showed a developmental focus on industry and retail as local strengths. Conversely, many western cities emphasized construction and transportation. First-tier cities prioritized high-value industries like finance and estate, while cities rich in tourism resources aimed to enhance their lodging and catering industries. Generally, our proposed method can effectively measure the detailed industry agglomeration and can enhance future urban economic planning.
Spatiotemporal Variations in Biophysical Water Quality Parameters: An Integrated In Situ and Remote Sensing Analysis of an Urban Lake in Chile
Authors: Yépez Santiago , Velásquez Germán , Torres Daniel , Saavedra-Passache Rodrigo , Pincheira Martin , Cid Hayleen , Rodríguez-López Lien , Contreras Angela , Frappart Frédéric , Cristóbal Jordi , Pons Xavier , Flores Neftali , Bourrel Luc
Published: January 2024

This study aims to develop and implement a methodology for retrieving bio-optical parameters in a lagoon located in the Biobío region, South-Central Chile, by analyzing time series of Landsat-8 OLI satellite images. The bio-optical parameters, i.e., chlorophyll-a (Chl-a, in mg·m−3) and turbidity (in NTU) were measured in situ during a satellite overpass to minimize the impact of atmospheric distortions. To calibrate the satellite images, various atmospheric correction methods (including ACOLITE, C2RCC, iCOR, and LaSRC) were evaluated during the image preprocessing phase. Spectral signatures obtained from the scenes for each atmospheric correction method were then compared with spectral signatures acquired in situ on the water surface. In short, the ACOLITE model emerged as the best fit for the calibration process, reaching R2 values of 0.88 and 0.79 for Chl-a and turbidity, respectively. This underlies the importance of using inversion models, when processing water surfaces, to mitigate errors due to aerosols and the sun-glint effect. Subsequently, reflectance data derived from the ACOLITE model were used to establish correlations between various spectral indices and the in situ data. The empirical retrieval models (based on band combinations) yielding superior performance, with higher R2 values, were subjected to a rigorous statistical validation and optimization by applying a bootstrapping approach. From this process the green chlorophyll index (GCI) was selected as the optimal choice for constructing the Chl-a retrieval model, reaching an R2 of 0.88, while the red + NIR spectral index achieved the highest R2 value (0.79) for turbidity analysis, although in the last case, it was necessary to incorporate data from several seasons for an adequate model training. Our analysis covered a broad spectrum of dates, seasons, and years, which allowed us to search deeper into the evolution of the trophic state associated with the lake. We identified a striking eight-year period (2014–2022) characterized by a decline in Chl-a concentration in the lake, possibly attributable to governmental measures in the region for the protection and conservation of the lake. Additionally, the OLI imagery showed a spatial pattern varying from higher Chl-a values in the northern zone compared to the southern zone, probably due to the heat island effect of the northern urban areas. The results of this study suggest a positive effect of recent local regulations and serve as the basis for the creation of a modern monitoring system that enhances traditional point-based methods, offering a holistic view of the ongoing processes within the lake.
The Impact of Profiles Data Assimilation on an Ideal Tropical Cyclone Case
Authors: Shao Changliang , Nerger Lars
Published: January 2024

Profile measurements play a crucial role in operational weather forecasting across diverse scales and latitudes. However, assimilating tropospheric wind and temperature profiles remains a challenging endeavor. This study assesses the influence of profile measurements on numerical weather prediction (NWP) using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model coupled to the parallel data assimilation framework (PDAF) system. Utilizing the local error-subspace transform Kalman filter (LESTKF), observational temperature and wind profiles generated by WRF are assimilated into an idealized tropical cyclone. The coupled WRF-PDAF system is adopted to carry out the twin experiments, which employ varying profile densities and localization distances. The results reveal that high-resolution observations yield significant forecast improvements compared to coarser-resolution data. A cost-effective balance between observation density and benefit is further explored through the idealized tropical cyclone case. According to diminishing marginal utility and increasing marginal costs, the optimal observation densities for U and V are found around 26–27%. This may be useful information to the meteorological agencies and researchers.
Joint Panchromatic and Multispectral Geometric Calibration Method for the DS-1 Satellite
Authors: Jiang Xiaohua , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Liu Ming , Tian Jie
Published: January 2024

The DS-1 satellite was launched successfully on 3 June 2021 from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. The satellite is equipped with a 1 m panchromatic and a 4 m multispectral sensor, providing high-resolution and wide-field optical remote sensing imaging capabilities. For satellites equipped with panchromatic and multispectral sensors, conventional geometric processing methods in the past involved separate calibration for the panchromatic sensor and the multispectral sensor. This method produced distinct internal and external calibration parameters in the respective bands, and also resulted in nonlinear geometric misalignments between the panchromatic and multispectral images due to satellite chattering and other factors. To better capitalize on the high spatial resolution of panchromatic imagery and the superior spectral resolution of multispectral imagery, it is necessary to perform registration on the calibrated panchromatic and multispectral images. When registering separately calibrated panchromatic and multispectral images, poor consistency between panchromatic and multispectral images leads to a small number of corresponding points, resulting in poor accuracy and registration effects. To address this issue, we propose a joint panchromatic and multispectral calibration method to register the panchromatic and multispectral images. Before geometric calibration, it is necessary to perform corresponding points matching. When matching, the small interval between the panchromatic and multispectral Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) results in a small intersection angle of the corresponding points between the panchromatic and multispectral images. As a result of this, the consistency between the spectral bands significantly improves, and the corresponding points match to have a more uniform distribution and a wider coverage. The technique enhances the consistent registration accuracy of both the panchromatic and multispectral bands. Experiments demonstrate that the joint calibration method yields a registration accuracy of panchromatic and multispectral bands exceeding 0.3 pixels.
CenterNet-Saccade: Enhancing Sonar Object Detection with Lightweight Global Feature Extraction
Authors: Wang Wenling , Zhang Qiaoxin , Qi Zhisheng , Huang Mengxing
Published: January 2024

Sonar imaging technology is widely used in the field of marine and underwater monitoring because sound waves can be transmitted in elastic media, such as the atmosphere and seawater, without much interference. In underwater object detection, due to the unique characteristics of the monitored sonar image, and since the target in an image is often accompanied by its own shadow, we can use the relative relationship between the shadow and the target for detection. To make use of shadow-information-aided detection and realize accurate real-time detection in sonar images, we put forward a network based on a lightweight module. By using the attention mechanism with a global receptive field, the network can make the target pay attention to the shadow information in the global environment, and because of its exquisite design, the computational time of the network is greatly reduced. Specifically, we design a ShuffleBlock model adapted to Hourglass to make the backbone network lighter. The concept of CNN dimension reduction is applied to MHSA to make it more efficient while paying attention to global features. Finally, CenterNet’s unreasonable distribution method of positive and negative samples is improved. Simulation experiments were carried out using the proposed sonar object detection dataset. The experimental results further verify that our improved model has obvious advantages over many existing conventional deep learning models. Moreover, the real-time monitoring performance of our proposed model is more conducive to the implementation in the field of ocean monitoring.
SAR Image Generation Method Using DH-GAN for Automatic Target Recognition
Authors: Oghim Snyoll , Kim Youngjae , Bang Hyochoong , Lim Deoksu , Ko Junyoung
Published: January 2024

In recent years, target recognition technology for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images has witnessed significant advancements, particularly with the development of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, acquiring SAR images requires significant resources, both in terms of time and cost. Moreover, due to the inherent properties of radar sensors, SAR images are often marred by speckle noise, a form of high-frequency noise. To address this issue, we introduce a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) with a dual discriminator and high-frequency pass filter, named DH-GAN, specifically designed for generating simulated images. DH-GAN produces images that emulate the high-frequency characteristics of real SAR images. Through power spectral density (PSD) analysis and experiments, we demonstrate the validity of the DH-GAN approach. The experimental results show that not only do the SAR image generated using DH-GAN closely resemble the high-frequency component of real SAR images, but the proficiency of CNNs in target recognition, when trained with these simulated images, is also notably enhanced.
A High-Resolution LED Stimulator for Steady-State Visual Stimulation: Customizable, Affordable, and Open Source
Authors: Otero Mónica , Prieur-Coloma Yunier , El-Deredy Wael , Weinstein Alejandro
Published: January 2024

Visually evoked steady-state potentials (SSVEPs) are neural responses elicited by visual stimuli oscillating at specific frequencies. In this study, we introduce a novel LED stimulator system explicitly designed for steady-state visual stimulation, offering precise control over visual stimulus parameters, including frequency resolution, luminance, and the ability to control the phase at the end of the stimulation. The LED stimulator provides a personalized, modular, and affordable option for experimental setups. Based on the Teensy 3.2 board, the stimulator utilizes direct digital synthesis and pulse width modulation techniques to control the LEDs. We validated its performance through four experiments: the first two measured LED light intensities directly, while the last two assessed the stimulator’s impact on EEG recordings. The results demonstrate that the stimulator can deliver a stimulus suitable for generating SSVEPs with the desired frequency and phase resolution. As an open source resource, we provide comprehensive documentation, including all necessary codes and electrical diagrams, which facilitates the system’s replication and adaptation for specific experimental requirements, enhancing its potential for widespread use in the field of neuroscience setups.
A Fuzzy-Based System for Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Ship Deck Landing
Authors: Tsitses Ioannis , Zacharia Paraskevi , Xidias Elias , Papoutsidakis Michail
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces a fuzzy logic-based autonomous ship deck landing system for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The ship is assumed to maintain a constant course and speed. The aim of this fuzzy logic landing model is to simplify the task of landing UAVs on moving ships in challenging maritime conditions, relieving operators from this demanding task. The designed UAV ship deck landing model is based on a fuzzy logic system (FLS), which comprises three interconnected subsystems (speed, lateral motion, and altitude components). Each subsystem consists of three inputs and one output incorporating various fuzzy rules to account for external factors during ship deck landings. Specifically, the FLS receives five inputs: the range from the deck, the relative wind direction and speed, the airspeed, and the UAV’s flight altitude. The FLS outputs provide data on the speed of the UAV relative to the ship’s velocity, the bank angle (BA), and the angle of descent (AOD) of the UAV. The performance of the designed intelligent ship deck landing system was evaluated using the standard configuration of MATLAB Fuzzy Toolbox.
Preliminary Characterization of an Active CMOS Pad Detector for Tracking and Dosimetry in HDR Brachytherapy
Authors: Bui Thi Ngoc Hang , Large Matthew , Poder Joel , Bucci Joseph , Bianco Edoardo , Giampaolo Raffaele Aaron , Rivetti Angelo , Da Rocha Rolo Manuel , Pastuovic Zeljko , Corradino Thomas , Pancheri Lucio , Petasecca Marco
Published: January 2024

We assessed the accuracy of a prototype radiation detector with a built in CMOS amplifier for use in dosimetry for high dose rate brachytherapy. The detectors were fabricated on two substrates of epitaxial high resistivity silicon. The radiation detection performance of prototypes has been tested by ion beam induced charge (IBIC) microscopy using a 5.5 MeV alpha particle microbeam. We also carried out the HDR Ir-192 radiation source tracking at different depths and angular dose dependence in a water equivalent phantom. The detectors show sensitivities spanning from (5.8 ± 0.021) × 10−8 to (3.6 ± 0.14) × 10−8 nC Gy−1 mCi−1 mm−2. The depth variation of the dose is within 5% with that calculated by TG-43. Higher discrepancies are recorded for 2 mm and 7 mm depths due to the scattering of secondary particles and the perturbation of the radiation field induced in the ceramic/golden package. Dwell positions and dwell time are reconstructed within ±1 mm and 20 ms, respectively. The prototype detectors provide an unprecedented sensitivity thanks to its monolithic amplification stage. Future investigation of this technology will include the optimisation of the packaging technique.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving with an Auxiliary Actor Discriminator
Authors: Gao Qiming , Chang Fangle , Yang Jiahong , Tao Yu , Ma Longhua , Su Hongye
Published: January 2024

In the research of robot systems, path planning and obstacle avoidance are important research directions, especially in unknown dynamic environments where flexibility and rapid decision makings are required. In this paper, a state attention network (SAN) was developed to extract features to represent the interaction between an intelligent robot and its obstacles. An auxiliary actor discriminator (AAD) was developed to calculate the probability of a collision. Goal-directed and gap-based navigation strategies were proposed to guide robotic exploration. The proposed policy was trained through simulated scenarios and updated by the Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm. The robot executed the action depending on the AAD output. Heuristic knowledge (HK) was developed to prevent blind exploration of the robot. Compared to other methods, adopting our approach in robot systems can help robots converge towards an optimal action strategy. Furthermore, it enables them to explore paths in unknown environments with fewer moving steps (showing a decrease of 33.9%) and achieve higher average rewards (showning an increase of 29.15%).
OS-BREEZE: Oil Spills Boundary Red Emission Zone Estimation Using Unmanned Surface Vehicles
Authors: Elmakis Oren , Polinov Semion , Shaked Tom , Gordon Gabi , Degani Amir
Published: January 2024

Maritime transport, responsible for delivering over eighty percent of the world’s goods, is the backbone of the global delivery industry. However, it also presents considerable environmental risks, particularly regarding aquatic contamination. Nearly ninety percent of marine oil spills near shores are attributed to human activities, highlighting the urgent need for continuous and effective surveillance. To address this pressing issue, this paper introduces a novel technique named OS-BREEZE. This method employs an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) for assessing the extent of oil pollution on the sea surface. The OS-BREEZE algorithm directs the USV along the spill edge, facilitating rapid and accurate assessment of the contaminated area. The key contribution of this paper is the development of this novel approach for monitoring and managing marine pollution, which significantly reduces the path length required for mapping and estimating the size of the contaminated area. Furthermore, this paper presents a scale model experiment executed at the Coastal and Marine Engineering Research Institute (CAMERI). This experiment demonstrated the method’s enhanced speed and efficiency compared to traditional monitoring techniques. The experiment was methodically conducted across four distinct scenarios: the initial and advanced stages of an oil spill at the outer anchoring, as well as scenarios at the inner docking on both the stern and port sides.
Vehicle–Bridge Interaction Modelling Using Precise 3D Road Surface Analysis
Authors: Kreslin Maja , Češarek Peter , Žnidarič Aleš , Kokot Darko , Kalin Jan , Vezočnik Rok
Published: January 2024

Uneven road surfaces are the primary source of excitation in the dynamic interaction between a bridge and a vehicle and can lead to errors in bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM) systems. In order to correctly reproduce this interaction in a numerical model of a bridge, it is essential to know the magnitude and location of the various roadway irregularities. This paper presents a methodology for measuring the 3D road surface using static terrestrial laser scanning and a numerical model for simulating vehicle passage over a bridge with a measured road surface. This model allows the evaluation of strain responses in the time domain at any bridge location considering different parameters such as vehicle type, lateral position and speed, road surface unevenness, bridge type, etc. Since the time domain strains are crucial for B-WIM algorithms, the proposed approach facilitates the analysis of the different factors affecting the B-WIM results. The first validation of the proposed methodology was carried out on a real bridge, where extensive measurements were performed using different sensors, including measurements of the road surface, the response of the bridge when crossed by a test vehicle and the dynamic properties of the bridge and vehicle. The comparison between the simulated and measured bridge response marks a promising step towards investigating the influence of unevenness on the results of B-WIM.
Assessment of Foot Strike Angle and Forward Propulsion with Wearable Sensors in People with Stroke
Authors: Ensink Carmen J. , Hofstad Cheriel , Theunissen Theo , Keijsers Noël L. W.
Published: January 2024

Effective retraining of foot elevation and forward propulsion is a critical aspect of gait rehabilitation therapy after stroke, but valuable feedback to enhance these functions is often absent during home-based training. To enable feedback at home, this study assesses the validity of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to measure the foot strike angle (FSA), and explores eight different kinematic parameters as potential indicators for forward propulsion. Twelve people with stroke performed walking trials while equipped with five IMUs and markers for optical motion analysis (the gold standard). The validity of the IMU-based FSA was assessed via Bland–Altman analysis, ICC, and the repeatability coefficient. Eight different kinematic parameters were compared to the forward propulsion via Pearson correlation. Analyses were performed on a stride-by-stride level and within-subject level. On a stride-by-stride level, the mean difference between the IMU-based FSA and OMCS-based FSA was 1.4 (95% confidence: −3.0; 5.9) degrees, with ICC = 0.97, and a repeatability coefficient of 5.3 degrees. The mean difference for the within-subject analysis was 1.5 (95% confidence: −1.0; 3.9) degrees, with a mean repeatability coefficient of 3.1 (SD: 2.0) degrees. Pearson’s r value for all the studied parameters with forward propulsion were below 0.75 for the within-subject analysis, while on a stride-by-stride level the foot angle upon terminal contact and maximum foot angular velocity could be indicative for the peak forward propulsion. In conclusion, the FSA can accurately be assessed with an IMU on the foot in people with stroke during regular walking. However, no suitable kinematic indicator for forward propulsion was identified based on foot and shank movement that could be used for feedback in people with stroke.
The Right to Be a Subject of Your Own Life—A Study of Parent-Teacher Conferences in Danish Lower Secondary Education
Authors: Steensen Clara Ina Severin , Helms Stine
Published: January 2024

Many recent legislative reforms concerning children have emphasized the importance of involving children and adolescents in accordance with the principles of Article 12 in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. This article deals with the rights of youths to express their opinions, feelings, and views in parent-teacher conferences in lower secondary education in Denmark. Both international and Danish research on parent-teacher conferences has shown that students are often objectified and are not provided with real opportunities to participate with their own voices and perspectives. Based on the sociology of Hartmut Rosa, the article explores students’ experiences of parent-teacher conferences as zones of alienation or spaces of resonance. In addition, we draw on Gert Biesta’s concept of subjectification to analyze how the current organization of the conferences largely displaces students’ opportunities to bring themselves into play as subjects of their own lives. The analysis is based on observations and interviews carried out in 2021 and 2022.
Air Quality of Private Interiors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Dormitory Interiors as Shared Spaces
Authors: Aslanoğlu Rengin , Ulusoy Begüm , Kazak Jan K.
Published: January 2024

COVID-19 was a wake-up call for many researchers and designers that encouraged them to create better interiors. Keeping air quality within safe standards is fundamental and the best strategy to stop the spreading of viruses. Being aware of the severity of indoor transmissions of infections, exploring and understanding how they are spread, and how to avoid them can be critical steps to enhance public health. However, many of the private spaces, residential areas and places where multiple people accommodate together remain unattended, such as dormitory buildings. Since many of them do not have an HVAC system, natural ventilation is the primary method for airing dormitory rooms. Therefore, this study aims to reveal existing ventilation conditions in university dormitories, occupants’ behaviors, disinfection, and air cleaning methods in wintertime. For this, a dormitory complex was selected in Ankara (Turkey), whose climate can be compared to many other cities in the northern hemisphere, as an initial case study to provide insight. Overall, it was found that window-opening behaviors of university students are mostly determined by the density of their rooms. The study findings will raise awareness and motivate further studies in architecture, interior architecture, and design disciplines and provide initial knowledge about the topic.
Enhancing Renewable Energy Use in Residential Communities: Analyzing Storage, Trading, and Combinations
Authors: Hussain Akhtar , Kim Hak-Man
Published: January 2024

Renewable energy resources, especially rooftop solar PV, have gained momentum during the past few years. However, the local consumption of PV power is limited due to the negative correlation between peak PV power and residential loads. Therefore, this study analyzes various cases to maximize the consumption of renewables in communities encompassing dwellings both with and without PV installations. The three cases considered in this study are local energy storage, community energy storage, and internal trading. A total of six cases are analyzed by evaluating these cases individually and in combinations. To achieve this, first, a generalized optimization model with specific constraints for each case is developed. Subsequently, different indices are devised to quantitatively measure trading with the grid and the consumption of renewables under varying cases. The performance of these different cases is analyzed for a community comprising five dwellings over a summer week. Furthermore, the performance of each case is evaluated for various seasons throughout the year. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of different storage capacities (both local and community) is conducted. Simulation results indicate that community storage results in the highest renewable consumption if only one case is considered. However, the overall combination of internal trading and community storage results in the highest cost reduction, lowest dependence on the grid, and the highest consumption of renewables. Finally, a techno-economic analysis is performed on four widely used battery technologies, taking into account diverse cost and technical considerations.
Is Creativity-Based Urban Development Possible in Turkey? An Evaluation of Small Cities on the Aegean Coast
Authors: Kerimoglu Ebru
Published: January 2024

Contemporary urban development policies require a thorough understanding of local dynamics. It is crucial to comprehend the roles played by all actors and mechanisms involved in the process, including policy-making institutions, to ensure effective policy making. Understanding the concept of creative industries and cities is also necessary for contemporary urban development. Turkey needs a clear strategy for developing a creative economy on both the national and metropolitan levels. Progress has been limited so far, with no sign of significant improvement in the near future. Recent developments show that small cities have started to play a role in initiating the development of creative economies. Migration to small- and medium-sized cities changes human geography, and urban development policies are becoming more flexible to accommodate these conditions. This paper focuses on three small coastal cities with similar climatic, economic, and socio-cultural characteristics and agriculture and tourism-based economies in Turkey (Avyalik, Bodrum, and Urla) and evaluates the local dynamics to understand what fosters creativity-based development. These cities possess significant potential for the development of cultural industries; however, in addition to the lack of awareness, interestingly, their suitable environment does not have a direct impact on triggering this development.
Geocultural Interactions in Minoan Crete: An Environmental Education Perspective through Drama Techniques
Authors: Fanioudaki Elena , Drinia Hara , Fassoulas Charalampos
Published: January 2024

This paper explores an innovative educational program designed to protect and promote the geocultural heritage of Minoan Crete. The program applies environmental education and sustainability principles while integrating theater in education, a novel approach that significantly impacts participants’ perspectives. By effectively combining these elements, the program fosters environmental awareness, deepens cultural appreciation, and instills sustainable behaviors in both the local population and visitors. This interdisciplinary approach, blending geocultural heritage into environmental education, promotes an understanding of the delicate balance between nature and human interaction during the Minoan era. The paper also examines the program’s potential for broader community engagement and policy influence, emphasizing how its educational outcomes could result in meaningful changes at both community and policy levels. We advocate for the preservation of Minoan Crete’s geocultural heritage and its sustainable future through a unique blend of educational strategies, marking a milestone in heritage conservation.
Influence of Cultural and Environmental Values of CEOs on Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity
Authors: Aljughaiman Abdullah A. , Cao Ngan D. , Albarrak Mohammed S. , Almulhim Abdulateif A.
Published: January 2024

The main objective of this study is to examine the influences of two novel characteristics of the foremost executive firm managers, i.e., the environmental and cultural values of CEOs, on corporate climate change performance. Employing a sample of firms listed in the FTSE250 covering the 2008–2018 period, we found that firms run by CEOs with environmentally friendly backgrounds and high ‘green’ cultural values are more inclined to aim for better (lower) greenhouse gas emissions. The findings hold after accounting for other relevant governance characteristics, accounting and market indicators, highly carbon-intensive industries, and potential endogeneity issues. Intriguingly, we also found that the effect of CEO environmental values is more pronounced than that of CEO cultural values. Our findings have implications for corporate management and regulators of climate change concerns and corporate environmental performance. That is, firm management is advised to assign CEOs with environmentally friendly backgrounds and high ‘green’ cultural values to lower greenhouse gas emissions.
Virtual Coordinate System Based on a Circulant Topology for Routing in Networks-On-Chip
Authors: Sukhov Andrei M. , Romanov Aleksandr Y. , Selin Maksim P.
Published: January 2024

In this work, the circulant topology as an alternative to 2D mesh in networks-on-chip is considered. A virtual coordinate system for numbering nodes in the circulant topology is proposed, and the principle of greedy promotion is formulated. The rules for constructing the shortest routes between the two nodes based on coordinates are formulated. A technique for calculating optimal network configurations is described. Dense states of the network when all neighborhoods of the central node are filled with nodes and the network has the smallest diameter are defined. It is shown that with an equal number of nodes, the diameter of the circulant is two times smaller than the diameter of the 2D mesh. This is due to the large number of symmetries for the circulant, which leave the set of nodes unchanged. A comparison of communication stability in both topologies in the conditions of failure of network nodes is made, the network behavior under load and failures is modeled, and the advantages of the circulant topology are presented.
Longitudinal Assessment of Facial Hyperhidrosis Management: Evaluating the Utility and Quality of Life Improvements following Botulinum Toxin Injection
Authors: Prodan-Barbulescu Catalin , Castiglione Luca , Burtic Sonia Roxana , Murariu Marius , Reddy Shruta , Rosca Ovidiu , Bratosin Felix , Melania Fizedean Camelia , Krupyshev Pavel , Enatescu Ileana
Published: January 2024

Facial hyperhidrosis is a debilitating condition that can severely impact the quality of life. This study aimed to assess the long-term utility of Botulinum toxin type A therapy (BTA) for facial hyperhidrosis and its impact on quality of life over a one-year period. Conducted at the Pius Brinzeu Clinical Emergency Hospital in Timisoara, Romania, this longitudinal observational study involved 77 adult patients with primary facial hyperhidrosis. Participants received two sessions of Botulinum toxin injections (50 U IncoBTX-A each) and were evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months using the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS), WHOQOL-BREF, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and a bespoke survey. The study demonstrated significant reductions in HDSS scores from 3.6 ± 0.5 to 1.2 ± 0.8 post-treatment, sustained at 1.3 ± 0.6 at 12 months (p-value < 0.001). DLQI scores markedly decreased from 24.8 ± 4.2 to 6.2 ± 2.1 post-treatment, stabilizing at 6.5 ± 2.5 at 12 months (p-value < 0.001). Sweat production significantly dropped from 0.75 g ± 0.15 to 0.18 g ± 0.07 per 15 min (p-value < 0.001). WHOQOL-BREF scores improved notably in the mental domain from 66.7 ± 6.1 to 70.8 ± 5.2 at 12 months (p-value < 0.001), with physical and social domains also showing significant improvements. Correlation analysis revealed strong negative correlations between DLQI total score and HDSS (rho = −0.72, p-value < 0.001) and sweat production (rho = −0.68, p-value < 0.001). Regression analysis indicated significant predictors for DLQI total score, including HDSS (B Coefficient = −3.8, p-value < 0.001) and sweat production (B Coefficient = −2.2, p-value < 0.001). BTA therapy significantly improved the quality of life in facial hyperhidrosis patients, with lasting effects on symptom severity, sweat production, and quality of life domains. The correlation and regression analyses further substantiated the treatment’s impact on both physical and psychological aspects. These findings advocate Botulinum toxin as a viable long-term treatment for facial hyperhidrosis.
Establishing a Receptor Binding Assay for Ciguatoxins: Challenges, Assay Performance and Application
Authors: Díaz-Asencio Lisbet , Chamero-Lago Donaida , Rojas-Abrahantes Gabriel L. , Alonso-Hernández Carlos M. , Dechraoui Bottein Marie-Yasmine
Published: January 2024

Ciguatera, a global issue, lacks adequate capacity for ciguatoxin analysis in most affected countries. The Caribbean region, known for its endemic ciguatera and being home to a majority of the global small island developing states, particularly needs established methods for ciguatoxin detection in seafood and the environment. The radioligand receptor binding assay (r-RBA) is among the in vitro bioassays currently used for ciguatoxin analysis; however, similarly to the other chemical-based or bioassays that have been developed, it faces challenges due to limited standards and interlaboratory comparisons. This work presents a single laboratory validation of an r-RBA developed in a Cuban laboratory while characterizing the performance of the liquid scintillation counter instrument as a key external parameter. The results obtained show the assay is precise, accurate and robust, confirming its potential as a routine screening method for the detection and quantification of ciguatoxins. The new method will aid in identifying high-risk ciguatoxic fish in Cuba and the Caribbean region, supporting monitoring and scientific management of ciguatera and the development of early warning systems to enhance food safety and food security, and promote fair trade fisheries.
A Study of Alpha-Particle Scattering on 10B Nuclei at an Energy of 29 MeV
Authors: Nassurlla Maulen , Burtebayev Nassurlla , Sakuta Stanislav , Nassurlla Marzhan , Khojayev Romazan , Alimov Dilshod , Baimbetova Gulzada , Dyachkov Vyacheslav , Zazulin Denis , Sabidolda Avganbek , Mukanov Yernazar , Issayev Damir , Makhmut Akmaral
Published: January 2024

The angular distributions of the elastic and inelastic scattering of α-particles on 10B nuclei were measured at an energy of 29 MeV (with excitation of the 0.718 MeV (1+) state). The data obtained by us, together with the angular distributions of the elastic scattering measured earlier in a wide range of energies from 24 to 90 MeV, were described using an optical model, the coupled-channel method, and parameterized phase analysis. The optimal parameters of optical potentials were found, and a good description of the experimental data in the specified energy range of α-particles was achieved. By taking into account the contribution of the elastic transfer mechanism of the 6Li cluster, it was possible to correctly reproduce the rise of the cross section at the backward angles in the elastic channel. The value of the quadrupole deformation parameter was extracted from the analysis of inelastic scattering using the coupled-channel method. The geometric parameters of the interaction potentials were determined using parameterized phase analysis. The radii of the 10B nuclei in the high-energy region (30 MeV and above) obtained by PPA are in good agreement with the radii calculated in the framework of the optical model.
The Effect of Supplemental Lighting during the Late Gestation Period on Post-Partum Mechanical Properties of Mare and Foal Guard Hair
Authors: Gáspárdy András , Gallagher Gemma , Bartha Boróka , Haaland Helene , Fekete Sándor György
Published: January 2024

This study investigates Thoroughbred mares exposed or not to supplemental blue light at the end of the gestation. Sixty mares and their 60 foals were selected for the investigation. Guard hair samples were collected from the shoulder just after (within 12 h) the parturition or birth. The foals of the light-treated mares developed significantly (p < 0.05) shorter hair than those of the control mares. A general effect of light treatment on basal hair diameter thinning could be demonstrated (p < 0.005). The maximum force of hair samples of light-treated mares and foals (0.098 and 0.085 N, respectively) was significantly lower than that of the control (0.272 and 0.178 N, respectively). The tensile strength (82.2 N/mm2) of the foal hair samples of the light-treated mares was significantly lower than that of the control foals (121.6 N/mm2). Although no significant difference was found in the elongation (ΔL), the hair of the control animals (mares and foals together) was more elastic than that of the treated animals (335 vs. 262 μm). In conclusion, the supplemental blue light treatment of the pregnant mares has a decreasing effect on both mares and their foals on the mechanical properties of the hair, making it shorter, thinner, and weaker.
Larval Dispersal Modelling of the Blue Swimming Crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Crab Banks along the Coast of Trang Province, Southern Thailand
Authors: Onsri Nikom , Sivaipram Itchika , Boonsanit Phurich , Sagulsawasdipan Kattinat , Saramul Suriyan
Published: January 2024

In Thailand, the populations of a commercially important crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) have been decreasing due to overfishing, raising concerns about the conservation efforts of this crab species. The Crab Bank Project has recently been established to restore crab populations by releasing crab larvae from each crab bank station. However, the fate of crab larvae after the release is poorly understood. Here, we assessed the dispersal and settlement patterns of the larvae P. pelagicus released from crab banks along the coast of Trang Province, Southern Thailand. The Lagrangian particle tracking model was employed to simulate the larval dispersal and settlement patterns after release from the crab banks during the inter-monsoon, southwest monsoon, and northeast monsoon. Our simulation revealed that virtual larvae were predominantly retained within inshore areas after the release for 14 days, regulated by tidal-driven currents, wind-induced currents, and local coastal topography. Monsoon periods affected the larval dispersal, with some larvae being transported into estuaries due to the SW monsoonal effects. After the 14-day release period, our modelled simulations suggested that the crab larvae arrived at numerous seagrass meadows along the coast, indicating potential settlement and growth. This result highlights the connectivity of sources and sinks for crab larvae after release from crab banks. Moreover, significant implications for conservation efforts and the fishery management of P. pelagicus were also discussed based on our modelled simulations.