bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thread‐like Supercapacitors Based on One‐Step Spun Nanocomposite Yarns
Authors: Meng Qinghai , Wang Kai , Guo Wei , Fang Jin , Wei Zhixiang , She Xilin
Published: April 2014

Thread‐like electronic devices have attracted great interest because of their potential applications in wearable electronics. To produce high‐performance, thread‐like supercapacitors, a mixture of stable dispersions of single‐walled carbon nanotubes and conducting polyaniline nanowires are prepared. Then, the mixture is spun into flexible yarns with a polyvinyl alcohol outer sheath by a one‐step spinning process. The composite yarns show excellent mechanical properties and high electrical conductivities after sufficient washing to remove surfactants. After applying a further coating layer of gel electrolyte, two flexible yarns are twisted together to form a thread‐like supercapacitor. The supercapacitor based on these two yarns (SWCNTs and PAniNWs) possesses a much higher specific capacitance than that based only on pure SWCNTs yarns, making it an ideal energy‐storage device for wearable electronics.
Facile Method for the Site‐Specific, Covalent Attachment of Full‐Length IgG onto Nanoparticles
Authors: Hui James Zhe , Zaki Ajlan Al , Cheng Zhiliang , Popik Vladimir , Zhang Hongtao , Luning Prak Eline T. , Tsourkas Andrew
Published: April 2014

Antibodies, most commonly IgGs, have been widely used as targeting ligands in research and therapeutic applications due to their wide array of targets, high specificity and proven efficacy. Many of these applications require antibodies to be conjugated onto surfaces (e.g. nanoparticles and microplates); however, most conventional bioconjugation techniques exhibit low crosslinking efficiencies, reduced functionality due to non‐site‐specific labeling and random surface orientation, and/or require protein engineering (e.g. cysteine handles), which can be technically challenging. To overcome these limitations, we have recombinantly expressed Protein Z, which binds the Fc region of IgG, with an UV active non‐natural amino acid benzoylphenyalanine (BPA) within its binding domain. Upon exposure to long wavelength UV light, the BPA is activated and forms a covalent link between the Protein Z and the bound Fc region of IgG. This technology was combined with expressed protein ligation (EPL), which allowed for the introduction of a fluorophore and click chemistry‐compatible azide group onto the C‐terminus of Protein Z during the recombinant protein purification step. This enabled the crosslinked‐Protein Z‐IgG complexes to be efficiently and site‐specifically attached to aza‐dibenzocyclooctyne‐modified nanoparticles, via copper‐free click chemistry.
Sub‐10‐nm Pd Nanosheets with Renal Clearance for Efficient Near‐Infrared Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Tang Shaoheng , Chen Mei , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: April 2014

Efficient renal clearance is of fundamentally important property of nanoparticles for their in vivo biomedical applications. In this work, we report the successful synthesis of ultra‐small Pd nanosheets (SPNS) with an average diameter of 4.4 nm and their application in photothermal cancer therapy using a near infrared laser. The ultra‐small Pd nanosheets have strong optical absorption in the NIR region and high photothermal conversion efficiency (52.0%) at 808 nm. After being surface‐functionalized with reduced glutathione (GSH), the SPNS‐GSH was administered to mice to investigate the biodistribution, photothermal efficacy and tumor ablation in vivo. The in vivo photothermal therapy studies clearly demonstrate that surface modification with GSH allows the nanosheets to exhibit prolonged blood circulation and thus high accumulation in tumors. Upon 808 nm NIR irradiation, the tumors can be completely ablated. More importantly, with the size below the renal filtration limit (<10 nm), the GSHylated Pd nanosheets can be nicely cleared from body through the renal excretion route and into urine. Together with the high efficacy of NIR photothermal therapy, the unique renal clearance properties make the ultra‐small Pd nanosheets promising for practical use in photothermal cancer therapy.
Indium Selenides: Structural Characteristics, Synthesis and Their Thermoelectric Performances
Authors: Han Guang , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Drennan John , Zou Jin
Published: April 2014

Indium selenides have attracted extensive attention in high‐efficiency thermoelectrics for waste heat energy conversion due to their extraordinary and tunable electrical and thermal properties. This Review aims to provide a thorough summary of the structural characteristics (e.g. crystal structures, phase transformations, and structural vacancies) and synthetic methods (e.g. bulk materials, thin films, and nanostructures) of various indium selenides, and then summarize the recent progress on exploring indium selenides as high‐efficiency thermoelectric materials. By highlighting challenges and opportunities in the end, this Review intends to shine some light on the possible approaches for thermoelectric performance enhancement of indium selenides, which should open up an opportunity for applying indium selenides in the next‐generation thermoelectric devices.
Photovoltaik als funktionale oder gebäudeintegrierte Fassadenelemente
Authors: Zapfe Cedrik
Published: April 2014

Bedingt durch die Einspeisetarife des erneuerbare Energien Gesetzes (EEG) war die Realisierung von Photovoltaikanlagen auf und an Gebäuden eher ein von Investoren betriebenes Geschäft. Mit dem deutlichen Rückgang der Systempreise in den zurückliegenden Jahren gewinnt der Eigenverbrauch des erzeugten Solarstroms zunehmend an Bedeutung. Photovoltaikanlagen können in herkömmlicher Weise an der Außenhülle von Gebäuden befestigt werden oder als Teil der Bauwerkshülle eingesetzt werden. In beiden Anwendungsfällen können dabei auch bauphysikalische Aspekte wie Beschattung und Blendschutz übernommen werden. In integrierter Form ergeben sich interessante wirtschaftliche Aspekte, da die Kosten der kompensierten Außenhülle entfallen.

Functional or building‐integrated photovoltaic façade elements. Due to the feed‐in‐tariffs according to the Renewable Energy Source Act, the realization of solar plants on buildings or at buildings used to be mainly a business for investors. As the system prices kept falling significantly in the last few years, self‐consumption of solar power is getting increasingly important. Solar plants can be fastened to the building envelope in the usual way, or can also be used as a part of the building envelope. In both cases of application, solar plants can also fulfill structural‐physical tasks like shading and glare shielding. With building‐integrated solar plants, there are interesting economic aspects, as the solar plant lowers the costs of the building envelope by replacing a part of it.
Licht in der Schule von Hans Scharoun
Authors: Spital‐Frenking Oskar , Ewer Andreas
Published: April 2014

Die Scharoun‐Schule in Lünen ist eines der wertvollsten Denkmale der Bundesrepublik. Die kulturelle Bedeutung dieser Anlage zu verstehen war Teil des Projektes; sie zu erhalten, zu bewahren und ihr eine Zukunft zu geben, das Ziel. In den Jahren 2009 bis 2013 wurde die Schule, die zwischen 1956 und 1962 vom Architekten Hans Scharoun erbaut wurde, von der Stadt Lünen und der Wüstenrot Stiftung denkmalgerecht baulich instandgesetzt und energetisch saniert. Die Maßnahme wurde von Bund und Land gefördert.

Light in Hans Scharoun school. The Hans Scharoun School in the town of Lünen is one of the most valuable monument of Germany. The objective was the cultural understanding and preservation of the site. In 2009 to 2013 the school was renovated and energetically improved by the town of Lünen and the Wüstenrot foundation.
Aviary: Interaktive Lichtstelen in Dubai – Tragfähigkeit bei stoßartiger Beanspruchung
Authors: Helbig Thorsten , Jungjohann Hauke , Schula Sebastian , Schneider Jens
Published: April 2014

In einem Einkaufszentrum in Dubai steht die permanente Licht‐ und Akustikinstallation Aviary. Diese Glasinstallation ist berührungsempfindlich, so dass Passanten spielerisch und interaktiv Ton‐ und Lichtkompositionen erzeugen können. Aviary besteht aus 30 bis zu vier Meter hohen Borosilikatglasstelen, von denen jede mit einer berührungsempfindlichen Folie, einem Lichtkern und einem Akustiksockel ausgestattet ist. Die frei aus dem Boden kragenden Glasrohre sind im Sockelbereich durch ein elastomeres Gießharz mit einem ummantelnden Stahlrohr verbunden. Numerische Detailberechnungen und experimentelle Nachweise wurden zur Überprüfung der Tragfähigkeit gegenüber Stoßbelastung verwendet. Die Rohre weisen innen eine Polyurethanbeschichtung auf, welche das Nachbruchverhalten verbessert.

Aviary: Light and acoustic installation in Dubai – resistance against impact loads. Aviary is a permanent light and acoustic installation located in a shopping mall in Dubai. The glass installation is touch sensitive, so that passersby can create playful and interactive sound and light compositions. Aviary consists of 30 borosilicate glass tubes up to 4 m high. Each tube is equipped with a touch film, a light core and an acoustic base. Each cantilevering glass tube is connected with an elastic polymer to a surrounding steel tube at the base. Detailed numerical calculations and experimental tests were conducted to verify the resistance against impact loads. The tubes are polyurethane coated on the inside to improve the post‐failure behavior.
Kunststoffe für den Einsatz als hochbelastbares Klotzungsmaterial
Authors: Ebert Jan , Weller Bernhard
Published: April 2014

Der Beitrag beschreibt Materialuntersuchungen an Kunststoffen hinsichtlich der Eignung als hochbelastbares Klotzungsmaterial. An einer Auswahl von zehn potenziell geeigneten Kunststoffen werden Materialeigenschaften unter Zug‐ und Druckbeanspruchung, bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen und unter Langzeitbelastung gegenübergestellt. Anhand der Ergebnisse werden Empfehlungen zur Eignung getroffen und Einsatzgrenzen der Kunststoffe aufgezeigt.

Plastics as high‐loaded blocking materials. The article describes material tests on plastics for the use in high mechanical loaded blockings. With a selection of ten potential capable thermoplastics the material properties for short time load under tension and compression by several temperatures and for long time load will be compared. On the basis of this material tests a recommendation for the use of this thermoplastics in high loaded blockings and a limitation of use will be given.
Stabilitätsanalysen im Konstruktiven Glasbau
Authors: Pankratz Maria , Simmert Robert , Hildebrand Jörg
Published: April 2014

In der Architektur wird nach immer filigraneren und leichteren Tragwerken aus transparenten Konstruktionselementen verlangt. Aktuelle Beispiele zeigen, dass der Werkstoff Glas lastabtragende Funktionen in Stützen, Trägern oder Wandscheiben übernehmen kann. Durch die sehr hohe Schlankheit dieser Glaselemente ist die Tragfähigkeit in vielen Fällen aufgrund von Stabilitätskriterien begrenzt. Es existieren Konzepte, um Knicken von Glasstützen, Biegedrillknicken von Glasträgern und Beulen von Glaswandscheiben mit Hilfe von beschreibenden Gleichungen zuverlässig zu analysieren. Gegenüberstellungen und Bewertungen der verschiedenen Konzepte mit experimentellen Daten werden für Stützen‐, Träger‐ und Wandscheibenkonstruktionen aus Einfach‐ und Verbundgläsern durchgeführt.

Stability analysis of glass structures. In architecture there is an increasing demand for more and more filigree and lighter transparent structural elements. Current examples demonstrate that the glass is able to transfer loads in columns, beams or shear walls. Due to the very high slenderness of these glass elements, the load bearing capacity is in many cases limited by the stability criteria. There are already concepts which allow reliable analyses based on equations that describe the buckling of glass columns, torsional buckling of glass beams and bulging of glass shear walls. Different concepts are evaluated and compared with experimental data in case of monolithic and laminated glass structures.
Glas im Hochwasserschutz von Innenstädten
Authors: Heyder Frank , Paulu Franziska
Published: April 2014

Glas im Hochwasserschutz hat mit dem Hochwasser im Frühjahr 2013 erneut an Aktualität gewonnen. Glaswände könnten vielerorts vorhandene Vorbehalte und Widerstände gegen innerstädtische dauerhafte Schutzwände entkräften. Für den Hochwasserschutz ist die Aufnahme von Anpralllasten aus Treibgut ein wesentliches Kriterium. Für Bürger und Architekten muss sich die Hochwasserschutzwand optisch den historisch gewachsenen Stadtkernen anpassen und die Beziehung zwischen Stadt und Fluss so wenig wie möglich stören. Anhand der Glaswand für Warnemünde wird gezeigt, dass moderne Hochwasserschutzkonstruktionen aus laminierten Gläsern nicht nur robust und sicher, sondern auch in hoher architektonischer Qualität ausführbar sind.

Glass for flood protection of inner cities. Glass for flood protection has a revival with the flood in spring 2013. Glass walls can overcome the reluctance against rigid protective walls in inner cities. For planners, the resistance against flotsam is an essential factor. For citizens and architects, the flood protection has to fit in the historic center. The relation between waterfront and river must not be disturbed. The Warnemünde project shows: Flood protection with laminated glass walls is robust, save and of high architectural quality.
Gründe für optische Verzerrungen in Gläsern
Authors: Neugebauer Jürgen
Published: April 2014

Die Diskussion über die optische Qualität von Gläsern handelt fast immer vom Thema der Ebenheit bzw. der Verzerrung der Spiegelbilder in der Glasfläche. Im Falle von Flachglas kann diese Diskussion auf die Ebenheit beschränkt werden, aber für gebogene muss die Diskussion über die Verzerrungen allgemeiner geführt werden. Ursachen von solchen Verzerrungen können einerseits während der Herstellung der Glasprodukte entstehen und andererseits durch unsachgemäße Montage auftreten. In vielen Fällen kommt es auch zur Überlagerung von unterschiedlichen Ursachen solcher Verzerrungen und sind dadurch schwer einzugliedern. Ein großes Problem in der Praxis besteht darin, solche Verzerrungen exakt zu messen und zu bewerten. Neben den Messverfahren die in verschiedenen Normen beschrieben werden, gibt es ebenso andere Möglichkeiten der Messungen. Optische Messverfahren basieren z.B. auf dem physikalischen Prinzip der Deflektometrie oder Photogrammetrie.

Causes of optical distortions in glass. The discussion about the quality of glass often touches upon the subject of flatness or distortion. In the case of flat glass this discussion is focused only on the flatness, but for curved glass the discussion must be more general. Glass distortion can occur while producing the glass products. One example is the issue of the glass thickness with its tolerances. A large range of possible faults can appear during the process of the pre‐stressing of glass. One kind of these failures is the appearance of the so‐called roller waves. Other distortions are caused by faults during glass assembly. A significant issue is measuring of such distortions. Beside the given measurement procedures described in several standards, this paper will describe other measurement possibilities. Some procedures are based on optical measurements.
Rechnerische Bestimmung der solaren Strahlungseinwirkung auf Gebäudehüllen
Authors: Weller Bernhard , Wünsch Jan , Horn Sebastian , Fahrion Marc‐Steffen
Published: April 2014

Die solare Strahlung wirkt sich teils deutlich auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Zwischenfolien, Klebstoffen und Kunststoffen aus. Bisherige Alterungsverfahren repräsentieren reale solare Strahlungseinwirkungen nur bedingt. Der Beitrag stellt daher das Vorgehen zur Bestimmung einer strahlungsoptimierten Datenbasis für dynamische Gebäude‐ und Bauteilsimulationen und deren Anwendung dar. In einem ersten Schritt wird mittels spektral aufgelöster Messdaten (UV‐B, UV‐A, Vis) ein strahlungsoptimiertes Testreferenzjahr erzeugt. Dieses dient als Datenbasis für die rechnerische Bestimmung der richtungs‐ und neigungsabhängigen Einwirkungen. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse differenziert für Global‐, UV‐A‐ und UV‐B‐Strahlung betrachtet dargelegt.

Calculative determination of the effect of solar radiation on the building envelope. The solar radiation affects the durability of intermediate films, adhesives and plastics, in some cases significantly. Hitherto existing aging processes represent the real solar radiation effects only to a limited extent. Therefore, the paper introduces the procedure for determining a radiation‐optimized test reference year for dynamic building and component simulations as well as their application. In a first step a radiation‐optimized test reference year is generated, using spectrally resolved measurement data (UV‐B, UV‐A, Vis). It serves as database for the calculative determination of the effects depending on direction and inclination. Finally, the results for global‐, UV‐A‐ and UV‐B‐radiation are presented in differentiated terms.
Flüssigkristallbasierte Verglasung zur Regelung des Licht‐ und Energieeintrags in Gebäude
Authors: Haase Walter , Husser Marzena , Sobek Werner , Sobek Werner , Kurz Eberhard , Rau Lothar , Frühauf Norbert
Published: April 2014

Herkömmliche Gebäudeverglasungen können auf Veränderungen der Außen‐ und der Innenraumsituation nur eingeschränkt oder überhaupt nicht reagieren. Von den Autoren wird ein schaltbares System zur Regelung des Licht‐ und Energieeintrags vorgestellt. Dieses System beruht auf der Funktionsweise einer verdrillt‐nematischen Flüssigkristallzelle. Durch die Verwendung eines solchen schaltbaren Systems in einem Isolierglasverbund kann eine Anpassungsfähigkeit der Gebäudehülle erzielt werden, die sowohl eine gute Verschattungsregelung als auch die Optimierung der Tageslichtsituation und eine Kontrolle des Energieeintrags ins Gebäude gewährleistet. Nachfolgend werden Forschungsergebnisse zur Herstellbarkeit, zu den erzielbaren optischen und bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften des Systems sowie zu dessen Langzeitstabilität dargestellt.

Liquid Crystal Based Glazing System for the Control of Light and Energy Flux into Buildings. Static glazing systems are subject to vast limitations concerning their reaction to changes in the exterior and the interior conditions. Therefore a switchable glazing system was developed by the authors. The system is based on modified twisted nematic liquid crystal cells. Due to the unique characteristics of this glazing system, shading control, optimized daylight management, as well as control of the energy flux into the building are possible. The functional principle, manufacturability and some properties of this adaptive system are further presented within the article.
Höherfeste Silikonverklebungen am Beispiel einer Glas‐Fin‐ Anwendung
Authors: Doebbel Florian , Neubauer Daniela , Rudolf Bernhard , Wagner Werner
Published: April 2014

Höherfeste Silikone eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten im Fassadenbau. Neben der Einsparung von Material durch ein schlankeres Fugendesign, besteht die Möglichkeit, die Tragfähigkeit vorhandener Fugenquerschnitte durch den Austausch des Klebstoffes zu verbessern und damit die Machbarkeit und Akzeptanz von tragenden Verklebungen bei Fassadenelementen zu erhöhen. Welche Möglichkeiten sich daraus ergeben, soll am Beispiel eines Glas‐Fin‐Projektes gezeigt werden. Die geklebte Ausführung der Glas‐Fin‐Bauteile wäre ohne höherfeste Silikonprodukte nicht möglich gewesen. Es werden die verschiedenen Design‐Phasen vom Entwurf der Konstruktion über die Einbeziehung der Klebefuge in das Systemdesign bis hin zur Validierung der finalen Konstruktion gezeigt.

High‐strength Silicone Adhesive used for a Glass‐Fin‐Application. High‐strength silicones provide new potential for façade applications. Not only the fact that a lean joint design saves silicone and frame material, but also the improvement of load capacity for existing joint sections by using another adhesive are great benefits for increasing feasibility and acceptance of structurally bonded façade units. The new opportunities are demonstrated on the example of a glass‐fin project. Without high‐strength silicone adhesive this glass‐fin elements wouldn’t have been realized as an only‐bonded application. The different design phases are presented from preliminary draft over the determination of the structural design considering the adhesive joint itself up to the point of validating the final design.
Tottenham Court Road Station
Authors: Ludwig Josef
Published: April 2014

London Underground lässt derzeit die Tottenham Court Road Station neu gestalten. Seele wurde mit zwei skulpturalen Ganzglaskörpern (Entwurf: Stanton Williams Architects), die den Eingang zur tube station bilden, beauftragt. Mit der neu entwickelten Verbindungstechnik aus einlaminierten Titanteilen und der Produktion von 14 m langen Glasstützen für die Rahmen aus Glasschwertern setzt seele die Anforderung um, Material und Konstruktion zu minimieren. Mehrfach verzogene Querschnitte und Grundrisse der Glaskörper sowie die diagonal angeschnittenen Grundflächen führen zu zahlreichen unterschiedlichen Winkeln und Formaten für die Glashülle, die absolute Präzision in Planung und Bearbeitung erfordern.

Tottenham Court Road Station. Tottenham Court Road (TCR) station is currently going through a major upgrade as part of London Underground’s (LU) investment programme. Part of the Tottenham Court Road Station Upgrade (TCRSU) encompasses the installation of two new iconic crystalline structures, intersected with a glazed plank installation, allowing increased access to the station demise. The original design of the structures was completed by Stanton Williams (RIBA Stage D Report completed in April 2007), with technical assistance provided by seele, as a competition submission to LU for the design of the new Centre Point Plaza area at TCR. The intent to add two sculptural glass prisms to this rich urban tapestry will create a stunning visual and public realm experience.
Using audio lures to improve golden‐winged warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) detection during point‐count surveys
Authors: McNeil Darin J. , Otto Clint R. V. , Roloff Gary J.
Published: April 2014

The golden‐winged warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) is a Neotropical migratory songbird listed as a “Bird of Conservation Concern” by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. To manage golden‐winged warblers, it is important to develop effective survey techniques for conservation research and monitoring. We conducted point counts in 1–8‐year‐old aspen (Populus sp.) stands in the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan (USA), during 2011, to estimate detection probability of golden‐winged warblers, with and without an electronic broadcast of a golden‐winged warbler song (i.e., audio lure). We compared audio lure effectiveness for detecting golden‐winged warblers during fixed‐ (50‐m radius) and variable‐radius point counts. Golden‐winged warbler detection estimates were  = 0.84 (95% CI = 0.39–0.98) and  = 0.22 (0.11–0.40) for fixed‐radius point counts, with and without audio lure, respectively. For variable‐radius point counts, golden‐winged warbler detection estimates were  = 0.79 (CI = 0.51–0.93) and  = 0.57 (0.42–0.71), with and without audio lure, respectively. We also estimated the number of 3‐minute sub‐counts required to achieve detection probability ≥95% for both radii, with and without audio lures. We found that 2 sub‐counts with audio lure resulted in >95% detection probability for golden‐winged warblers at both radii. Without audio lure, 12 and 4 sub‐counts were required for fixed and variable radii, respectively. Regardless of survey technique, golden‐winged warbler detection probability was always <1.0, which highlights the importance of accounting for imperfect detection of golden‐winged warblers. Our results indicate that the use of an audio lure is an effective design technique for improving detectability of golden‐winged warblers. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Rapid regulation of nuclear proteins by rapamycin‐induced translocation in fission yeast
Authors: Ding Lin , Laor Dana , Weisman Ronit , Forsburg Susan L.
Published: April 2014

Genetic analysis of protein function requires a rapid means of inactivating the gene under study. Typically, this exploits temperature‐sensitive mutations or promoter shut‐off techniques. We report the adaptation to Schizosaccharomyces pombe of the anchor‐away technique, originally designed in budding yeast by Laemmli lab. This method relies on a rapamycin‐mediated interaction between the FRB‐ and FKBP12‐binding domains to relocalize nuclear proteins of interest to the cytoplasm. We demonstrate a rapid nuclear depletion of abundant proteins as proof of principle. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethnography in Community Psychology: Promises and Tensions
Authors: Case Andrew D. , Todd Nathan R. , Kral Michael J.
Published: April 2014

Community psychology recognizes the need for research methods that illuminate context, culture, diversity, and process. One such method, ethnography, has crossed into multiple disciplines from anthropology, and indeed, community psychologists are becoming community ethnographers. Ethnographic work stands at the intersection of bridging universal questions with the particularities of people and groups bounded in time, geographic location, and social location. Ethnography is thus historical and deeply contextual, enabling a rich, in‐depth understanding of communities that is aligned with the values and goals of community psychology. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the potential of ethnography for community psychology and to encourage its use within the field as a method to capture culture and context, to document process, and to reveal how social change and action occur within and through communities. We discuss the method of ethnography, draw connections to community psychology values and goals, and identify tensions from our experiences doing ethnography. Overall, we assert that ethnography is a method that resonates with community psychology and present this paper as a resource for those interested in using this method in their research or community activism.
Widening the participation gap: The effect of educational track on reported voting in England
Authors: Janmaat Jan Germen , Mostafa Tarek , Hoskins Bryony
Published: April 2014

This article explores the effect of tracked education in upper secondary on voting behaviour. It discusses two causal mechanisms that link tracked education to greater disparities of political participation: the curriculum and peer socialization. Data of Waves 1, 2, 5 and 7 of the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE) is used to assess the hypothesis that educational track has an independent effect on voting. Controlling for several pre‐ and post‐track influences, the paper shows that students who have taken vocational courses in less prestigious schools indeed have lower reported voting levels at age 20 than those who have pursued an academic qualification (A levels) in prestigious schools. It is proposed that the effect of tracked education on political participation is likely to vary across Europe and that this variation may well be explained by differences across Europe in the extent to which the academic and vocational tracks are integrated, both in terms of the curriculum and in their social intake.
Emotional intelligence and psychological maladjustment in adolescence: A systematic review
Authors: Resurrección D.M. , Salguero J.M. , Ruiz‐Aranda D.
Published: April 2014

The study of emotional intelligence (EI) and its association with psychological maladjustment in adolescence is a new and active area of research. However, the diverse range of EI measurements and aspects of psychological maladjustment examined make it difficult to synthesize the findings and apply them to practice. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to summarize the relationship between EI and adolescents' emotional problems, eating disorder symptoms, addictions, and maladaptive coping. Using English and Spanish keywords, we identified 32 studies that found a negative association between EI and internalizing problems, depression, and anxiety. EI was also associated with less substance abuse and with better coping strategies. These associations differed slightly depending on whether EI was evaluated based on self‐reporting or by testing maximum performance. We highlight methodological limitations in the literature on EI and adolescence, and we discuss potentially important areas for future research.
The role of teacher education in preparing teachers for critical multicultural citizenship
Authors: Castro Antonio J.
Published: April 2014

This article examines the influence of a teacher education program designed to promote aspects of critical multicultural citizenship on the views of preservice teachers’ concerning citizenship education for culturally diverse contexts. The findings are based on a case study of four minority preservice teachers who attended a large research university in the Southwest and who expressed beliefs related to critical multicultural citizenship. Two questions guided this study: Where did participants acquire their views on citizenship and citizenship education? What role did their teacher education program play in fostering their views of citizenship education? Findings from this study illuminated nuances in the interaction between participants’ prior beliefs about teaching for citizenship education and those ideas expressed in the teacher education program. While participants clung soundly to prior experiences, they often borrowed terminology and tools that were explicitly conveyed in the teacher education program to both express their ideas and to frame their classroom practices. Implications for teacher educators are discussed.
Effects of Hiking at Moderate and Low Altitude on Cardiovascular Parameters in Male Patients With Metabolic Syndrome: Austrian Moderate Altitude Study
Authors: Neumayr Günther , Fries Dietmar , Mittermayer Markus , Humpeler Egon , Klingler Anton , Schobersberger Wolfgang , Spiesberger Reinhard , Pokan Rochus , Schmid Peter , Berent Robert
Published: April 2014

Objective

Physical activity is a cornerstone in therapy for patients with metabolic syndrome. Walking and hiking in a mountain scenery represents an ideal approach to make them move. The Austrian Moderate Altitude Study (AMAS) 2000 main study is a randomized controlled trial to investigate the cardiovascular effects of hiking at moderate altitude on patients with metabolic syndrome compared with a control group at low altitude, to assess a potential altitude-specific effect.

Methods

Seventy-one male patients with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to a moderate altitude group (at 1700 m), with 36 participants, or to a low altitude group (at 200 m), with 35 participants. The 3-week vacation program included 12 hiking tours (4 per week, average duration 2.5 hours, intensity 55% to 65% of heart rate maximum). Physical parameters, performance capacity, 24-hour blood pressure, and heart rate profiles were obtained before, during, and after the stay.

Results

In both groups, we found a significant mean weight loss of −3.13 kg; changes in performance capacity were minor. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures and circadian heart rate profiles were significantly reduced in both groups, with no differences between them. Consequently, the pressure-rate product was reduced as well. All study participants tolerated the vacation well without any adverse events.

Conclusions

A 3-week hiking vacation at moderate or low altitude is safe for patients with metabolic syndrome and provides several improvements in their cardiovascular parameters. The cardiovascular benefits achieved are more likely to be the result of regular physical activity than the altitude-specific effect of a mountain environment.
Versuch einer Theorie der electrischen und optischen Erscheinungen in bewegten Körpern
Authors: Lorentz Hendrik Antoon
Published: April 2014

The Dutch physicist Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853–1928) was educated at the University of Leiden, where he later became a Professor of Theoretical Physics. A leading figure in his field, he established the basic mathematical principles that were later used by Albert Einstein for his theory of relativity. Lorentz and his colleague Pieter Zeeman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1902 for their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena (the Zeeman effect). In 1905 Lorentz was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, which awarded him the Rumford and Copley Medals. Contributing to the discussion of the theory of a luminiferous ether - soon to be superseded by special relativity - this work, first published in 1895, looks at electromagnetic phenomena (the propagation of light) in relation to moving bodies and optics.
Observations on the State of Society among the Asiatic Subjects of Great Britain
Authors: Grant Charles
Published: April 2014

Scotsman Charles Grant (1746–1823) travelled to India in 1767. During his 22-year stay, he rose through the ranks of the East India Company, serving as a member of the company's board of trade. Following his return to Britain, he served three times as the company's chairman and was also elected to Parliament. His conversion to a fervent form of Christianity had occurred in 1776, making him a well-known advocate of evangelisation in the newly acquired British territories. In this work, he launches a strong attack on Hindu belief, labelling it as depraved, degenerate and despotic. 'The true cure of darkness is the introduction of light,' he argues. Written in 1792 but first published in 1797, this work was also presented to Parliament in 1813 in a bid to influence the renewal and amendment of the East India Company's charter.
Sylva, Or, a Discourse of Forest Trees
Authors: Evelyn John
Published: April 2014

John Evelyn (1620–1706), intellectual, diarist, gardener and founder member of the Royal Society, is best known for his Diary, the great journal of his life and times, encompassing a momentous period in British history. A lifelong collector of books, like his contemporary Pepys, Evelyn amassed over 4,000 items in his library. This work, originally published in 1664, was the first English-language treatise on forestry. Intended for the gentry, it aimed to encourage tree-planting after the ravages of the Civil War and to ensure a supply of timber for Britain's fast-developing navy. The first work sponsored officially by the Royal Society, it was an offshoot of Evelyn's unpublished manuscript Elysium Britannicum, a compendium of gardens and gardening. This is the 1908 two-volume reprint of the fourth edition, published in the year of Evelyn's death. Volume 1 describes different species of tree, deciduous and evergreen, and includes an introductory biography of Evelyn by John Nisbet (1858–1914).
Sylva, Or, a Discourse of Forest Trees
Authors: Evelyn John
Published: April 2014

John Evelyn (1620–1706), intellectual, diarist, gardener and founder member of the Royal Society, is best known for his Diary, the great journal of his life and times, encompassing a momentous period in British history. A lifelong collector of books, like his contemporary Pepys, Evelyn amassed over 4,000 items in his library. This work, originally published in 1664, was the first English-language treatise on forestry. Intended for the gentry, it aimed to encourage tree-planting after the ravages of the Civil War and to ensure a supply of timber for Britain's fast-developing navy. The first work sponsored officially by the Royal Society, it was an offshoot of Evelyn's unpublished manuscript Elysium Britannicum, a compendium of gardens and gardening. This is the 1908 two-volume reprint of the fourth edition, published in the year of Evelyn's death. Volume 2 covers practical aspects of forestry and the use of trees in landscaping.
The Amateur's Flower Garden
Authors: Hibberd Shirley
Published: April 2014

One of the most popular and successful gardening writers of the Victorian era, Shirley Hibberd (1825–90) was editor of three bestselling gardening magazines. He was highly influential - one of the first to highlight issues such as environmental conservation, water recycling and cruelty to animals - and he helped to establish what is now the vast consumer industry of amateur gardening. First published in 1871, this is one of many books he wrote on the subject, intended as a 'handy guide' for the creation of attractive flower gardens. In it Hibberd offers advice on such topics as bedding plants, border flowers, rockeries, and annual and biennial plants. He also presents methods for managing various types of garden, such as subtropical, alpine and rose gardens. Highly detailed and extensively illustrated, this book remains useful and relevant to both amateur enthusiasts and seasoned horticulturists.
Notes of Proceedings and Occurrences, during the British Embassy to Pekin, in 1816
Authors: Staunton George Thomas
Published: April 2014

Sir George Thomas Staunton (1781–1859), Sinologist and politician, was a key figure in Anglo-Chinese relations, as had been his father. In 1798 he began working for the British East India Company in Canton (Guangzhou), where he was the only Englishman who could understand Chinese, having begun learning it as a child. By 1815, British trade with China was worth over £4 million in tea duties alone, and there was immense pressure for the Chinese to relax their restrictions. In 1816, following earlier failed missions, an embassy, including Staunton as second commissioner, was organised to seek better trading conditions and to press the emperor for the opening up of a second harbour. Chinese mistrust and British arrogance led to the failure of the embassy, with no imperial audience given. This account, privately published in 1824, is a valuable document in the understanding of the historical background to Britain's relationship with China into the twentieth century.
The Sikh Religion
Authors: Macauliffe Max Arthur
Published: April 2014

Born and educated in Ireland, Max Arthur Macauliffe (1841–1913) joined the Indian Civil Service in 1862. In 1882 he was promoted to the post of deputy commissioner of the Punjab. But it was after he retired from the civil service in 1893 that he gained public attention. Macauliffe developed a close affinity with Sikhism while in the Punjab, eventually converting to the religion. His translation into English of the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy book of Sikhism, is recognised as the most accurate to date. Following this project, he set to work on this six-volume set, covering the history and philosophy of Sikhism, first published in 1909 and still regarded as the definitive work on the subject. Volume 4 narrates the lives of Hargobind, Har Rai, Harkrishan and Tegh Bahadur, the sixth to ninth Sikh gurus, with translations of Tegh Bahadur's compositions in the Sikh holy book.
Practical Hints upon Landscape Gardening
Authors: Gilpin William S.
Published: April 2014

William Sawrey Gilpin (1761/2–1843), landscape painter and illustrator, later became a landscape gardener and writer. He set himself up as a drawing master in Paddington Green and also illustrated picturesque travel-writing. Between 1804 and 1806 he was the first president of the Society of Painters in Water Colours, and then the third drawing master at the Royal Military College in Marlow. After being discharged from this post, Gilpin became a successful landscape gardener and advisor to the nobility. His approach to landscape gardening was influenced by painting and Sir Uvedale Price's Essay on the Picturesque (1794). Gilpin's Hints, published in 1832, advocates that landscapes should be improved by the 'taste' of a painter's eye, and artificial buildings united with their surroundings. Like his landscape practice, this book was highly regarded by Gilpin's contemporaries for its emphasis on the picturesque, especially when landscape gardening centred upon the introduction of exotic plants.
Bija Ganita; or, the Algebra of the Hindus
Authors: Acharya Bhascara
Published: April 2014

An important mathematician and astronomer in medieval India, Bhascara Acharya (1114–85) wrote treatises on arithmetic, algebra, geometry and astronomy. He is also believed to have been head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, which was the leading centre of mathematical sciences in India. Forming part of his Sanskrit magnum opus Siddhānta Shiromani, the present work is his treatise on algebra. It was first published in English in 1813 after being translated from a Persian text by the East India Company civil servant Edward Strachey (1774–1832). The topics covered include operations involving positive and negative numbers, surds and zero, as well as algebraic, simultaneous and indeterminate equations. Strachey also appends useful notes made by the orientalist Samuel Davis (1760–1819). Of enduring interest in the history of mathematics, this was notably the first work to acknowledge that a positive number has two square roots.
Historical Sketches of the South of India
Authors: Wilks Mark
Published: April 2014

Classically educated, Mark Wilks (c.1760–1831) joined the Madras army of the East India Company and would go on to serve as political resident at the court of Mysore from 1803 to 1808. He also later served as governor of Saint Helena from 1813 to 1816, during which time he witnessed the arrival of Napoleon Bonaparte. Elected to the Manx parliament in 1816, Wilks became its speaker in 1826 and was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in the same year. Drawing on state records and his own experiences, he first published this acclaimed three-volume history of the kingdom of Mysore between 1810 and 1817. Volume 3 narrates the history of the third (1789–92) and fourth (1798–9) Anglo-Mysore wars, the capture of Seringapatam and the death of Tipu Sultan (1750–99).
Exposé de la religion des Druzes
Authors: Silvestre de Sacy Antoine Isaac
Published: April 2014

Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy (1758–1838), the most distinguished French orientalist of his time, is considered the father of Arab scholarship in Europe. He had a lifelong interest in a little-known religious community, the Druze, which emerged in the eleventh century as an Ismaili schismatic movement. De Sacy's monumental study was begun in the 1790s, when he translated some of the Druze scriptures from Arabic to French. Such was his commitment to learning more about the Druze that he waited forty years before publishing this two-volume work in 1838, as he hoped to uncover further source material. It offers pioneering insight into the religious system founded by Hamza ibn-'Ali ibn-Ahmad during the reign of the caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. Volume 2 thoroughly examines the Druze hierarchical structures and doctrines, from moral duties to civil law.
The History of India
Authors: Elphinstone Mountstuart
Published: April 2014

Appointed through family influence to the East India Company, Mountstuart Elphinstone (1779–1859) arrived on the subcontinent in 1796, quickly learning Persian and developing an interest in Indian civilisation. After postings in Benares, Afghanistan and Poona, he became governor in 1819 of the recently acquired territory that became known as the Bombay Presidency, where he remained until his resignation in 1827. On his return to England, he devoted much of his time to writing and was a founder member of the Royal Geographical Society. This two-volume history, based on a range of Indian sources and first published in 1841, is infused with his lifelong understanding of Indian culture, science and philosophy. A scholarly refutation of James Mill's History, it was the most popular work of its kind among the early Victorian public. Volume 1 contains a topographical introduction and covers the history of the Indian subcontinent to the thirteenth century.
The History of India
Authors: Elphinstone Mountstuart
Published: April 2014

Appointed through family influence to the East India Company, Mountstuart Elphinstone (1779–1859) arrived on the subcontinent in 1796, quickly learning Persian and developing an interest in Indian civilisation. After postings in Benares, Afghanistan and Poona, he became governor in 1819 of the recently acquired territory that became known as the Bombay Presidency, where he remained until his resignation in 1827. On his return to England, he devoted much of his time to writing and was a founder member of the Royal Geographical Society. This two-volume history, based on a range of Indian sources and first published in 1841, is infused with his lifelong understanding of Indian culture, science and philosophy. A scholarly refutation of James Mill's History, it was the most popular work of its kind among the early Victorian public. Volume 2 covers the period from the thirteenth century to the demise of the Mogul empire in the mid-eighteenth century.
The Ancient Geography of India
Authors: Cunningham Alexander
Published: April 2014

'Ancient geography' refers here to India's Buddhist period up to the seventh century CE, during which time Buddhism was the subcontinent's dominant religion. First published in 1871, this detailed study covering this period was written by Sir Alexander Cunningham (1814–93), who served as an officer in the East India Company and then went on to found and direct the Archaeological Survey of India. He had become an expert on the country's ancient geography owing to his experience as a surveyor. In this work he draws on material ranging from the campaigns of Alexander the Great to the travels of the seventh-century Buddhist pilgrim Xuanzang, who recorded much about India's geographical, political, religious and cultural landscape. Although this book was published as Part I, a subsequent volume on the Muslim period was never completed.
Verdi: Milan and Othello
Authors: Roosevelt Blanche
Published: April 2014

The premiere of Otello, Giuseppe Verdi's only new opera for over a decade, was a much-anticipated event in Milan in February 1887, and musical talents from all over Europe had vied for the chance to be part of it. An American author and former opera singer, Blanche Roosevelt (1853–98) took an assignment as a special correspondent in Milan during the weeks surrounding the opera's premiere at La Scala. She was well connected in the artistic community and personally acquainted with Verdi himself, and her dispatches paint an informed and vivid picture of the city and its musical and literary scene in the late 1880s. Published in 1887, along with a short biography of Verdi, anecdotes, illustrations, and reminiscences of conversations with the composer, these writings will appeal to both music scholars and opera lovers.
Bridging local to global dynamics of drop impact onto solid substrates
Authors: Lastakowski H. , Boyer F. , Biance A.-L. , Pirat C. , Ybert C.
Published: April 2014

The shape of impacting drops onto a solid surface is investigated by probing the local flow velocity and the local thickness profile of the spreading lamella during the drop impact. First, as a model situation of no viscous coupling between the liquid and the substrate, the impact of a drop onto hot plates, above the Leidenfrost temperature, is considered. In this case, we demonstrate that the velocity and thickness profiles are in good agreement with inviscid convective flow theory. This local description allows us to revisit the modelling of well-studied global behaviour such as drop spreading. Building from this idealized situation, viscous boundary-layer effects emerging from frictional coupling on a cold surface are then captured.