bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Pain Patterns in the Emergency Department: Leveraging Clinical Text Deep Learning Models for Real-World Insights
Authors: Hughes James A , Wu Yutong , Jones Lee , Douglas Clint , Brown Nathan , Hazelwood Sarah , Lyrstedt Anna-Lisa , Jarugula Rajeev , Chu Kevin , Nguyen Anthony
Published: September 2023

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of patients presenting in pain to an inner-city emergency department (ED), describing this population, their treatment, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods

We applied a clinical text deep learning model to the free text nursing assessments to identify the prevalence of pain on arrival to the ED. Using interrupted time series analysis, we examined the prevalence over three years. We describe this population pre- and post-pandemic in terms of their demographics, arrival patterns and treatment.

Results

55.16% (95%CI 54.95% - 55.36%) of all patients presenting to this ED had pain on arrival. There were significant differences in demographics, arrival and departure patterns between those patients with and without pain. The COVID-19 pandemic initially precipitated a decrease followed by a sharp, sustained rise in the prevalence of pain on arrival, altering the population arriving in pain and their treatment.

Discussion

The application of a clinical text deep learning model has successfully identified the prevalence of pain on arrival. The description of this population and their treatment forms the basis of intervention to improve care for patients presenting with pain. The combination of the clinical text deep learning model and interrupted time series analysis has identified the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on pain care in the ED.

Conclusion

A clinical text deep learning model has led to identifying the prevalence of pain on arrival and was able to identify the effect a major pandemic had on pain care in this ED.
Coronavirus and Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Albalushi Sarvinoz , Zarif Azmaeen , Karaduman Suheyla , Talpeka Alesia , Tran Khoa
Published: September 2023

Coronavirus infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China, and with its rapidly mutating variants, it soon became a global concern. In response to the pandemic, intensive research and development efforts led to the development of six vaccines approved by the World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus is divided into four genera: alpha, beta, gamma and delta. Its unstable ssRNA resulted in multiple strains in a short period, which acted as a selection pressure for transmissibility. Sequelae of COVID-19 infection include multiple syndromes which have been reported at high incidence globally. Using the Cochrane guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we present a systematic review of the most common syndromes reported. A total of 12 eligible studies were included in this review. Syndromes reported in the literature include immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), viral encephalomyelitis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), Guillain-Barrè syndrome (GBS) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). We cover the hypothesized pathophysiology, presenting symptoms and treatment for each respective syndrome. We aim to discuss coronavirus and its variants to provide a foundation on which to examine the syndromes manifested after COVID-19 infection (post-COVID-19 syndrome).
The use and outcomes of non-pharmacological analgesia in the adult emergency department
Authors: Assiry Aisha Amzaidy M , Brown Nathan J , Hazelwood Sarah , Lyrstedt Anna-Lisa , Jarugula Rajeev , Jones Lee , Chu Kevin , Hughes James A
Published: September 2023

Background

The treatment of pain in the emergency department (ED) has historically relied on pharmacological analgesia. However, little is known about the concurrent use of non-pharmacological analgesia.

Aims/Objectives

This research explores the self-reported use and outcomes of non-pharmacological analgesia in adult ED patients with moderate to severe pain.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study in an adult ED of self-reported use of non-pharmacological pain management via a patient-reported outcome measure. The results are presented with descriptive statistics and multivariable modelling.

Results

45.8% (n=296) of all respondents used non-pharmacological interventions. The most used non-pharmacological interventions are hot packs (34.9%, n=103), distraction (22.3%, n=66), and cold packs (12.9%, n=38). In multivariate modelling, females, patients who did not receive pre-hospital analgesia, and daily average access block time all affected the use of non-pharmacological analgesia. Within a multivariable model, non-pharmacological analgesia increased the amount of pain relief achieved.

Conclusion

Non-pharmacological analgesia use is affected by gender, treatment before the ED and ED workload. Nevertheless, clear benefits to the use of non-pharmacological analgesia were seen. Further work must be undertaken to encourage providers’ use of this modality and capture any additional benefits to the patient.
Fecal Virome ofCoendou spinosus(Paraguaian Hairy Dwarf Porcupine)
Authors: Miranda Thamiris dos Santos , de Matos Isabelle Gomes , D’arc Mirela , Moreira Filipe Romero Rebello , Schiffler Francine Bittencourt , Cosentino Matheus Augusto Calvano , Coimbra Amanda , de Oliveira Thiago Henrique , Mouta Ricardo , Medeiros Gabriel , Girardi Déa Luiza , Lima Monique , Wanderkoke Victor , Francisco Talitha Mayumi , Soffiati Flávio Landim , Ferreira Suelen Sanches , Ruiz-Miranda Carlos Ramon , Soares Marcelo Alves , dos Santos André Felipe Andrade
Published: September 2023

The porcupine (Coendou spinosus) is a rodent species widely distributed in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Like other rodent species, porcupines can be potential reservoirs of zoonotic agents. However, little is known about the viral diversity in these animals. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate, through massive sequencing, the virome of the feces of seven adult healthy free-living porcupines living in forest fragments from Silva Jardim, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 41 viral families were classified, of which only seven were validated by both Kraken2 and Diamond taxonomic analysis tools, including bacteriophages (Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, Podoviridae), vertebrate viruses, such asPapillomaviridae, and unclassified RNA viruses. In addition, we also observed the presence of pathogenic bacteria and fungi already described in porcupines. The present study describes for the first time the microbiome in fecal samples from Brazilian porcupines, contributing to the global metagenomic characterization.
GET: a foundation model of transcription across human cell types
Authors: Fu Xi , Mo Shentong , Buendia Alejandro , Laurent Anouchka , Shao Anqi , Alvares-Torres Maria del Mar , Yu Tianji , Tan Jimin , Su Jiayu , Sagatelian Romella , Ferrando Adolfo A. , Ciccia Alberto , Lan Yanyan , Owens David M. , Palomero Teresa , Xing Eric P. , Rabadan Raul
Published: September 2023

Transcriptional regulation, involving the complex interplay between regulatory sequences and proteins, directs all biological processes. Computational models of transcription lack generalizability to accurately extrapolate in unseen cell types and conditions. Here, we introduce GET, an interpretable foundation model designed to uncover regulatory grammars across 213 human fetal and adult cell types. Relying exclusively on chromatin accessibility data and sequence information, GET achieves experimental-level accuracy in predicting gene expression even in previously unseen cell types. GET showcases remarkable adaptability across new sequencing platforms and assays, enabling regulatory inference across a broad range of cell types and conditions, and uncovering universal and cell type specific transcription factor interaction networks. We evaluated its performance on prediction of regulatory activity, inference of regulatory elements and regulators, and identification of physical interactions between transcription factors. Specifically, we show GET outperforms current models in predicting lentivirus-based massive parallel reporter assay readout with reduced input data. In fetal erythroblasts, we identify distal (>1Mbp) regulatory regions that were missed by previous models. In B cells, we identified a lymphocyte-specific transcription factor-transcription factor interaction that explains the functional significance of a leukemia-risk predisposing germline mutation. In sum, we provide a generalizable and accurate model for transcription together with catalogs of gene regulation and transcription factor interactions, all with cell type specificity.
Analyzing the link between RNA secondary structures and R-loop formation with tree polynomials
Authors: Liu Pengyu , Lusk Jacob , Jonoska Nataša , Vázquez Mariel
Published: September 2023

R-loops are a class of non-canonical nucleic acid structures that typically form during transcription when the nascent RNA hybridizes the DNA template strand, leaving the DNA coding strand unpaired. Co-transcriptional R-loops are abundant in nature and biologically relevant. Recent research shows that DNA sequence and topology affect R-loops, yet it remains unclear how these and other factors drive R-loop formation. In this work, we investigate a link between the secondary structure of the nascent RNA and the probability of R-loop formation. We introduce tree-polynomial representations, a class of mathematical objects that enable accurate and efficient data analysis of RNA secondary structures. With tree-polynomials, we establish a strong correlation between the secondary structure of the RNA transcript and the probability of R-loop formation. We identify that branches with short stems separated by multiple ‘bubbles’ in the RNA secondary structure are associated with the strong correlation and are predictive of R-loop formation.
Are children with disabilities more likely to be malnourished than children without disabilities? Evidence from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys in 30 countries
Authors: Rotenberg Sara , Chen Shanquan , Hunt Xanthe , Smythe Tracey , Kuper Hannah
Published: September 2023

Introduction

A key Sustainable Development Goal target is to eliminate all forms of malnutrition. Existing evidence suggests children with disabilities are at greater risks of malnutrition, exclusion from nutrition programmes, and mortality from severe acute malnutrition than children without disabilities. However, there is limited evidence on the nutritional outcomes of children with disabilities in large-scale global health surveys.

Methods

We analysed Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data from 30 low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to compare nutritional outcomes for children aged 2-4 years with and without disabilities. We estimated the adjusted prevalence ratios for stunting, wasting, and underweight comparing children with and without disabilities by country and sex, using quasi-Poisson models with robust standard errors. We accounted for the complex survey design, wealth quintile, location, and age in the analyses. We meta-analysed these results to create an overall estimate for each of these outcomes.

Results

Our analyses included 229,621 children aged 2-4 across 30 countries, including 15,071 children with disabilities (6.6%). Overall, children with disabilities were more likely to be stunted (aRR: 1.16, 95% C.I.: 1.11 -1.20), wasted (aRR: 1.28, 95% C.I.: 1.18 – 1.39), and underweight (aRR: 1.33, 95% C.I.: 1.17, 1.51) than children without disabilities. These patterns were observed in both girls and boys with disabilities, compared to those without.

Conclusion

Children with disabilities are significantly more likely to experience all forms of malnutrition, making it critical to accelerate efforts to improve disability-inclusion within nutrition programmes. Ending all forms of malnutrition will not be achievable without a focus on disability.

Key Messages

What is already known on this topic

Prior research has shown children with disabilities in low-and middle-income countries have higher prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight and worse outcomes and mortality from severe acute malnutrition.

What this study adds

We show that children with disabilities, overall and by sex, have significantly higher rates of stunting, wasting, and underweight than children without disabilities.

This study adds to the existing evidence on disability-based inequities in nutritional outcomes from nationally representative, internationally-comparable household surveys in multiple countries.

How this study might affect research, practice, or policy

A twin-track approach is needed to ensure children with disabilities are reached in mainstream nutrition programmes, as well as having their specific and additional needs met through targeted programmes.

Without sufficient focus on disability, it will be impossible to achieve SDG2, to end all forms of child nutrition, or meet global child mortality reduction targets.
A synthetic peptide mimic killsCandida albicansand synergistically prevents infection
Authors: Schaefer Sebastian , Vij Raghav , Sprague Jakob L. , Austermeier Sophie , Dinh Hue , Judzewitsch Peter R. , Seemann Eric , Qualmann Britta , Cain Amy K. , Corrigan Nathaniel , Gresnigt Mark S. , Boyer Cyrille , Lenardon Megan D. , Brunke Sascha
Published: September 2023

More than two million people worldwide are affected by life-threatening, invasive fungal infections annually.Candidaspecies are the most common cause of nosocomical, invasive fungal infections and are associated with mortality rates above 40%. Despite the increasing incidence of drug-resistance, the development of novel antifungal formulations has been limited. Here we investigate the antifungal mode of action and therapeutic potential of positively charged, synthetic peptide mimics to combat infections byCandida albicans. These synthetic polymers cause stress to the endoplasmic reticulum and affect protein glycosylation, a distinct mode of action compared to currently approved antifungal drugs. The most promising polymer composition caused damage to the mannan layer of the cell wall, with additional membrane-disrupting activity. The synergistic combination of the polymer with caspofungin prevented infection of human epithelial cellsin vitro, improved fungal clearance by human macrophages, and significantly increased host survival in aGalleria mellonellamodel of systemic candidiasis. Additionally, prolonged exposure ofC. albicansto the synergistic combination of polymer and caspofungin did not lead to the evolution of resistant strainsin vitro. Together, this work highlights the enormous potential of these synthetic peptide mimics to be used as novel antifungal formulations as well as adjunctive antifungal therapy.
Unravelling arthropod movement in natural landscapes: small-scale effects of body size and weather conditions
Authors: Logghe Garben , Taelman Charlotte , Van Hecke Florian , Batsleer Femke , Maes Dirk , Bonte Dries
Published: September 2023

Arthropod movement has been noticeably understudied compared to vertebrates. A crucial knowledge gap pertains to the factors influencing arthropod movement at habitat boundaries, which has direct implications for population dynamics and gene flow. While larger arthropod species generally achieve greater dispersal distances and large-scale movements are affected by weather conditions, the applicability of these relationships at a local scale remains uncertain. Existing studies on this subject are not only scarce but often limited to a few specific species or laboratory conditions. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a field study in two nature reserves in Belgium, focusing on both flying and cursorial arthropods. Over 200 different arthropod species were captured and released within a circular setup placed in a resource-poor environment, allowing quantification of movement speed and direction. By analysing the relationship between these movement variables and morphological (body size) as well as environmental factors (temperature and wind), we aimed to gain insights into the mechanisms driving arthropod movement at natural habitat boundaries. For flying species, movement speed was positively correlated with both body size and tailwind speed. In contrast, movement speed of cursorial individuals was solely positively related with temperature. Notably, movement direction was biased towards the vegetated areas where the arthropods were originally caught, suggesting an internal drive to move towards suitable habitat. This tendency was particularly strong in larger flying individuals and under tailwind conditions. Furthermore, both flying and cursorial taxa were hindered from moving towards the habitat by strong upwind. In conclusion, movement speed and direction at patch boundaries are dependent on body size and prevailing wind conditions, and reflect an active decision-making process.
Minimal epistatic networks from integrated sequence and mutational protein data
Authors: Cocco Simona , Posani Lorenzo , Monasson Rémi
Published: September 2023

Predicting the functional effects of mutations to a wild-type protein sequence is a major computational challenge. We introduce here a computationally efficient procedure to identify the few, most informative epistatic links between residues in a protein, integrating sequence data and functional measurements with mutational scans. Our approach shows performances comparable to state-of-the-art deep networks, while requiring much less parameters and being hence much more interpretable. The selected network links mostly focus on the protein functional sites, adapt to thein vitroorin vivofunction experimentally tested, and are not necessary related to structural contacts.
Qualitative rather than quantitative phosphoregulation shapes the end of meiosis I in budding yeast
Authors: Celebic Dunja , Polat Irem , Legros Véronique , Chevreux Guillaume , Wassmann Katja , Touati Sandra A
Published: September 2023

Exit from mitosis is brought about by dramatic changes in the phosphoproteome landscape. A drop in Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk), the master regulatory kinase, and activation of counteracting phosphatases such as Cdc14 in budding yeast, results in ordered substrate dephosphorylation, allowing entry into a new cell cycle and replication licensing. In meiosis however, two cell divisions have to be executed without intermediate DNA replication, implying that global phosphorylation and dephosphorylation have to be adapted to the challenges of meiosis. Using a global time-resolved phosphoproteomics approach in budding yeast, we compared the phosphoproteome landscape between mitotic exit and the transition from meiosis I to meiosis II. We found that unlike exit from mitosis, Cdk phosphomotifs remain mostly stably phosphorylated at the end of meiosis I, whereas a majority of Cdk-unrelated motifs are reset by dephosphorylation. However, inducing an artificial drop of Cdk at metaphase of meiosis I leads to ordered substrate dephosphorylation, comparable to mitosis, indicating that phosphoregulation of substrates at the end of meiosis I is thus mainly qualitatively rather than quantitatively ordered.
Surface-engineered extracellular vesicles to modulate antigen-specific T cell expansion for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Lyu Xiabing , Yamano Tomoyoshi , Imai Shota , Le Toan Van , Bolidong Dilireba , Ueda Makie , Warashina Shota , Mukai Hidefumi , Hayashi Seigo , Matoba Kazutaka , Nishino Taito , Hanayama Rikinari
Published: September 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are emerging as novel mediators of cell-cell communications, involved in various processes such as immune activation and immunosuppression. Despite the recent development of several EVs-based cancer immunotherapies, their clinical efficacy remained limited. Here, using fusion with tetraspanin as one of the EV engineering techniques, we created antigen-presenting extracellular vesicles (AP-EVs) to reproduce the functional characteristics of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). AP-EVs were also equipped with surface-bound IL-2, a feature not inherent to APCs, which facilitated selective delivery of IL-2 to antigen-specific CD8+T cells. AP-EVs were engineered to express a peptide-major histocompatibility class I (pMHCI) complex, a costimulatory CD80 molecule, and IL-2, allowing the simultaneous presentation of multiple immune modulators to antigen-specific CD8+T cells. This promoted the clonal expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, leading to potent anticancer immune responses. Combination therapy with AP-EVs and anti-PD-1 demonstrated enhanced anticancer immunity against established tumors compared with anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Our engineered EVs represent a novel effective strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
Stability metrics behave predictably across data qualities but are sensitive to community size
Authors: O’Brien Duncan A , Clements Christopher F
Published: September 2023

Modern biodiversity monitoring is generating increasingly multidimensional representations of wildlife populations and ecosystems. It is therefore appealing for conservation and environmental governance to combine that information into single measure of ecosystem or population health. Stability represents a desirable feature of ecosystems that supports this aim, measured through resistance, recovery, and variability. In deterministic mathematical systems, the Jacobian matrix is a common characteristic used to quantify resistance and resilience and whilst historically it has been challenging to estimate from empirical data, recent work has proposed a suite of metrics capable of reconstructing it for a real-world community using time series data. Here we assess the robustness of three Jacobian metrics and two variability estimating stability metrics to varying time series lengths and data qualities based on that seen in real-world wildlife time series. Using Lotka–Volterra equations, we generate short time series (to match global biodiversity datasets such as the Living Planet Index and BIOTIME) and introduce sampling error corruptions (to mimic varying search efforts) to validate metric performance in empirical data. The robustness stability metrics generally improved with time series length and search effort in the anticipated manner. However, number of species dramatically altered metric capability, with larger communities decreasing the reliability of stability metric trends. Overall, stability metrics behave predictably across realistic data corruptions. Generic stability estimation is therefore possible from abundance time series alone, and we suggest that, given the increasing availability of multivariate community data, focussing on Jacobian estimates is a plausible ecosystem condition indicator.
Enzyme Structure Correlates With Variant Effect Predictability
Authors: van der Flier Floris , Estell David , Pricelius Sina , Dankmeyer Lydia , van Stigt Thans Sander , Mulder Harm , Otsuka Rei , Goedegebuur Frits , Lammerts Laurens , Staphorst Diego , van Dijk Aalt D.J. , de Ridder Dick , Redestig Henning
Published: September 2023

Protein engineering increasingly relies on machine learning models to computationally pre-screen promising novel candidates. Although machine learning approaches have proven effective, their performance on prospective screening data leaves room for improvement; prediction accuracy can vary greatly from one protein variant to the next. So far, it is unclear what characterizes variants that are associated with large prediction error. In order to establish whether structural characteristics influence predictability, we created a combinatorial variant dataset for an enzyme, that can be partitioned into subsets of variants with mutations at positions exclusively belonging to a particular structural class. By training four different variant effect prediction (VEP) models on structurally partitioned subsets of our data, we found that predictability strongly depended on all four structural characteristics we tested; buriedness, number of contact residues, proximity to the active site and presence of secondary structure elements. These same dependencies were found in various single mutation enzyme variant datasets, with effect directions being specific to the assay. Most importantly, we found that these dependencies are highly alike for all four models we tested, indicating that there are specific structure and function determinants that are insufficiently accounted for by popular existing approaches. Overall, our findings suggest that significant improvements can be made to VEP models by exploring new inductive biases and by leveraging different data modalities of protein variants, and that stratified dataset design can highlight areas of improvement for machine learning guided protein engineering.
Changing Perceptions and Transforming Outcomes: L&T's Acquisition of Mindtree
Authors: Kaul Asha , Agarwalla Sobhesh Kumar
Published: September 2023

On March 18, 2019, Yuvraj Mehta, head Corporate Brand Management & Communications (CBMC) at Larsen & Toubro (L&T), heard about negative media narratives against L&T, following a high-profile merger and acquisition (M&A) between the company and Mindtree. Some of the allegations against L&T were “hostile takeover” and “destruction of Mindtree's culture.” Mehta was faced with the issue of influencing all stakeholders; turning the tide and changing the narrative from hostile takeover to continuity, growth and profitability; and integrating Mindtree and its employees and culture into L&T. Compared to L&T's previous acquisitions, which were small, and other strategic initiatives, which were mostly organic, Mindtree acquisition was the largest (in value terms) in its history. It was also the most complex as Mindtree promoters aggressively resisted the acquisition, and L&T had to acquire a large number of shares through an open offer. Media speculations began in January 2019 when L&T, the engineering and construction giant, planned to acquire a majority stake in the young IT firm, Mindtree. Soon the reporting changed to aggressive media ranting. Time was at a premium. Mehta knew he would need to begin strategising almost immediately. How should he proceed? What should be his first move?
Post-pandemic opportunities for F&B green supply chains and supply chain viability: the moderate effect of blockchains and big data analytics
Authors: Kholaif Moustafa Mohamed Nazief Haggag Kotb , Sarwar Bushra , Xiao Ming , Poliak Milos , Giovando Guido
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the pandemic's opportunities for enhancing the environmental practices of the food and beverages green supply chains and its effect on the supply chains' viability by exploring the relationship between fear and uncertainty of COVID-19, food and beverages green supply chain management (F&B-GSCM) and supply chains’ viability based on the two dimensions (robustness and resilience) and examine the moderating effect of innovative technology adoption like big data analysis (BDA) capabilities and blockchain technologies (BCT) on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on a sample of 362 F&B small and medium enterprises (SMEs)’ managers in the Egyptian market for data analysis and hypothesis testing.

Findings

The empirical results show that the fear and uncertainty of the pandemic have a significant positive effect on green supply chain management (GSCM). Also, BDA moderates the relationship between fear and uncertainty of COVID-19 and GSCM. However, BCT do not moderate that relationship. Similarly, GSCM positively affects supply chain viability dimensions (robustness and resilience). In addition, F&B-GSCM significantly mediates the relationship between fear and uncertainty of COVID-19 and supply chain viability dimensions (robustness and resilience).

Practical implications

Food and beverages (F&B) managers could develop a consistent strategy for applying BCT and BDA to provide clear information and focus on their procedures to meet their stakeholders' needs during COVID-19. Governments and managers should develop a consistent strategy to apply food and beverages supply chains (F&B SCs)' green practices to achieve F&B SCs' resilience and robustness, especially during the pandemic.

Originality/value

The Egyptian F&B SCs have been linked directly with many European countries as a main source of many basic food and agriculture products, which have been affected lately by the pandemic. Based on the “social-cognitive,” “stakeholder” and “resource-based view” theories, this study sheds light on the optimistic side of the COVID-19 pandemic, as it also brings the concepts of F&B-GSCM, SC resilience, SC robustness and innovative technologies back into the light, which helps in solving F&B SC issues and helps to achieve their viability.
A review on minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) assisted machining processes using mono and hybrid nanofluids
Authors: Singh Talwinder , Singh Chandan Deep , Singh Rajdeep
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Because many cutting fluids contain hazardous chemical constituents, industries and researchers are looking for alternative methods to reduce the consumption of cutting fluids in machining operations due to growing awareness of ecological and health issues, government strict environmental regulations and economic pressures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to raise awareness of the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique as a potential substitute for environmental restricted wet (flooded) machining situations.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology adopted for conducting a review in this study includes four sections: establishment of MQL technique and review of MQL machining performance comparison with dry and wet (flooded) environments; analysis of the past literature to examine MQL turning performance under mono nanofluids (M-NF); MQL turning performance evaluation under hybrid nanofluids (H-NF); and MQL milling, drilling and grinding performance assessment under M-NF and H-NF.

Findings

From the extensive review, it has been found that MQL results in lower cutting zone temperature, reduction in cutting forces, enhanced tool life and better machined surface quality compared to dry and wet cutting conditions. Also, MQL under H-NF discloses notably improved tribo-performance due to the synergistic effect caused by the physical encapsulation of spherical nanoparticles between the nanosheets of lamellar structured nanoparticles when compared with M-NF. The findings of this study recommend that MQL with nanofluids can replace dry and flood lubrication conditions for superior machining performance.

Practical implications

Machining under the MQL regime provides a dry, clean, healthy and pollution-free working area, thereby resulting the machining of materials green and environmentally friendly.

Originality/value

This paper describes the suitability of MQL for different machining operations using M-NF and H-NF.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-05-2023-0131/
Using machine learning to investigate consumers' emotions: the spillover effect of AI defeating people on consumers' attitudes toward AI companies
Authors: Ma Yongchao Martin , Dai Xin , Deng Zhongzhun
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate consumers' emotional responses to artificial intelligence (AI) defeating people. Meanwhile, the authors investigate the negative spillover effect of AI defeating people on consumers' attitudes toward AI companies. The authors also try to alleviate this spillover effect.

Design/methodology/approach

Using four studies to test the hypotheses. In Study 1, the authors use the fine-tuned Bidirectional Encoder Representations from the Transformers algorithm to run a sentiment analysis to investigate how AI defeating people influences consumers' emotions. In Studies 2 to 4, the authors test the effect of AI defeating people on consumers' attitudes, the mediating effect of negative emotions and the moderating effect of different intentions.

Findings

The authors find that AI defeating people increases consumers' negative emotions. In terms of downstream consequences, AI defeating people induces a spillover effect on consumers' unfavorable attitudes toward AI companies. Emphasizing the intention of helping people can effectively mitigate this negative spillover effect.

Practical implications

The authors' findings remind governments, policymakers and AI companies to pay attention to the negative effect of AI defeating people and take reasonable steps to alleviate this negative effect. The authors help consumers rationally understand this phenomenon and correctly control and reduce unnecessary negative emotions in the AI era.

Originality/value

This paper is the first study to examine the adverse effects of AI defeating humans. The authors contribute to research on the dark side of AI, the outcomes of competition matches and the method to analyze emotions in user-generated content (UGC).
The service attributes of robo-advisors: a choice-based conjoint analysis
Authors: Hou Jian-Ren , Li Yen-Hsi , Kankham Sarawut
Published: September 2023

Purpose

As an alternative to hiring financial specialists or investment consultants, robo-advisors offer financially automated investment services. This study aims to investigate how robo-advisors' service attributes, risk attitude and financial self-efficacy influence customers' choice preferences of adopting robo-advisors.

Design/methodology/approach

Two hundred fifty-one online surveys were used to collect data, and choice-based conjoint analysis was conducted.

Findings

Results show that increasing annual fees negatively impact customers' choice preferences. Promotion, general investment education and additional human assistance have a positive impact. Furthermore, risk-seeking and risk-averse customers require more human assistance than risk-neutral customer and customers with high levels of financial self-efficacy prefer more general investment education and additional human assistance than those with lower levels. In addition, customers in the older age group prefer promotion, general investment education and additional human assistance, while wealthy customers prefer lower annual fees, higher general investment education and more additional human assistance compared to middle-class and low-income groups.

Originality/value

This study contributes to robo-advisor providers to provide appropriate service attributes for each customer group.
Sustainable performance, conditional conservatism and audit fees
Authors: Kammoun Ines , Khoufi Walid
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the effect of conditional conservatism on audit fees and whether the firm’s engagement in sustainable practices moderates the relationship between conditional conservatism and audit fees.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 3,767 firm-year observations from 14 European Union countries over the period of 2006–2019, the authors adopt the ordinary least square estimator to perform a panel data analysis of the effect of conditional conservatism on audit fees, and the moderating role of the environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores on the relationship between conditional conservatism and audit fees.

Findings

The authors find that conditional conservatism has a significant negative effect on audit fees, suggesting that auditors charge lower audit fees on more conservative clients. The authors also find that firms engaging in ESG actions, whether combined or individual, pay higher audit fees. More interestingly, the authors provide evidence that the negative effect of conditional conservatism on audit fees is mitigated only when ESG performance is considered in combination. This implies that firms exhibiting less commitment to ESG sustainability practices are prone to paying reduced audit fees when engaged in more conservative reporting. The findings remain robust after conducting a battery of tests.

Practical implications

The findings of this study have practical implications for several parties, including companies, auditors and regulators. This study emphasizes the potential benefit associated with using conservative accounting practices in terms of shaping downward the amount of audit fees. However, it also highlights the importance of considering the additional audit costs associated with higher ESG scores when making decisions about implementing sustainable practices.

Originality/value

Unlike prior studies that investigate the direct impact of sustainable practices on audit fees, the present work contributes to the literature on the benefits and costs of ESG by examining the moderating role of ESG performance in the association between audit fees and conditional conservatism. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine this relationship. Theoretically, the research integrates the theories of audit risk and agency to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the drivers of audit fees.
Incorporating the ESG framework to analyse entrepreneurial opportunities among tribal people
Authors: Kiran P. Ravi , Chaubey Akriti , Shastri Rajesh Kumar
Published: September 2023

Purpose

In this research paper, the authors delve into the ethnography and socioeconomic status of the Chenchu tribal community that resides in Telangana's Nallamalla forest. The authors also examine the initiatives undertaken by the government to create fair entrepreneurial opportunities while preserving their unique culture. Additionally, the authors analyse potential entrepreneurial and business opportunities using the environmental, social and governance (ESG) framework.

Design/methodology/approach

To gain insight into the current socio-economic development and living standards of the Chenchu tribal people, the authors conducted interviews in nine different villages with 177 individual respondents. Statistical analysis was then used to determine the relationship between business opportunities and their impact on socio-economic development based on the data collected.

Findings

The Chenchu tribal community has faced significant challenges, including vulnerability, poverty and debt. To promote the development of the tribe, it is essential to provide equal opportunities in education, healthcare and means of subsistence. The government has implemented various social and developmental programs to support sustainable development and entrepreneurial opportunities while preserving the tribe's unique culture and improving their education and standard of living. These initiatives are aimed at benefiting the entire community.

Practical implications

The Chenchu tribal people are eager for progress but hesitant to leave their forest homes and integrate into modern society. This creates challenges for efficiently implementing welfare programs. It is crucial to strike a balance between forest regulations and the rights of indigenous communities to ensure their protection and prevent any hindrance to development efforts.

Originality/value

To promote sustainable development and preserve tribal cultures, the government should implement various social and developmental programs. These programs should improve living conditions and socioeconomic development while exploring business opportunities. Maintaining these communities' unique identities while striving for progress is essential.
Deep learning for sex determination: Analyzing over 200,000 panoramic radiographs
Authors: Ciconelle Ana Claudia Martins , da Silva Renan Lucio Berbel , Kim Jun Ho , Rocha Bruno Aragão , dos Santos Dênis Gonçalves , Vianna Luis Gustavo Rocha , Gomes Ferreira Luma Gallacio , Pereira dos Santos Vinícius Henrique , Costa Jeferson Orofino , Vicente Renato
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study is to assess the performance of an innovative AI‐powered tool for sex determination using panoramic radiographs (PR) and to explore factors affecting the performance of the convolutional neural network (CNN). The study involved 207,946 panoramic dental X‐rays and their corresponding reports from 15 clinical centers in São Paulo, Brazil. The PRs were acquired with four different devices, and 58% of the patients were female. Data preprocessing included anonymizing the exams, extracting pertinent information from the reports, such as sex, age, type of dentition, and number of missing teeth, and organizing the data into a PostgreSQL database. Two neural network architectures, a standard CNN and a ResNet, were utilized for sex classification, with both undergoing hyperparameter tuning and cross‐validation to ensure optimal performance. The CNN model achieved 95.02% accuracy in sex estimation, with image resolution being a significant influencing factor. The ResNet model attained over 86% accuracy in subjects older than 6 years and over 96% in those over 16 years. The algorithm performed better on female images, and the area under the curve (AUC) exceeded 96% for most age groups, except the youngest. Accuracy values were also assessed for different dentition types (deciduous, mixed, and permanent) and missing teeth. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of an AI‐driven tool for sex determination using PR and emphasizes the role of image resolution, age, and sex in determining the algorithm's performance.
Tools and resources used to support implementation of workplace healthy food and drink policies: A scoping review of grey literature
Authors: Rosin Magda , Mackay Sally , Ni Mhurchu Cliona
Published: September 2023

Aims

This study aimed to identify and evaluate tools and resources used to support the implementation of workplace healthy food and drink policies, primarily in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods

A scoping grey literature review included searches of government agencies and non‐governmental organisations' websites in six English‐speaking countries, public health nutrition intervention databases and Google search engine queries. Paper‐based and digital tools were included if they were written in English, referred to within a policy or on a policy's website, and primarily targeting supply‐side stakeholders. Tools were evaluated on two domains: ‘Features’ (summarised descriptively) and ‘Usability and Quality’ (with inter‐rater reliability scores calculated using an intraclass correlation coefficient).

Results

Twenty paper‐based tools were identified relating to Australian (n = 14) and New Zealand (n = 6) policies, and a further six digital tools were identified from Australia (n = 3) and Canada (n = 3). Target audiences included workplace managers, food providers and suppliers. The paper‐based tools focused on general implementation guidance. In contrast, digital tools tended to support specific elements of policy implementation. ‘Usability and Quality’ scores ranged from 2.9 to 4.5 (out of 5.0) for paper‐based tools, and 3.9 to 4.2 for digital tools, with a moderate agreement between reviewer scores (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.523, p = 0.010).

Conclusions

A range of tools have been developed to support the implementation of workplace healthy food and drink policies. Understanding the strengths and limitations of current tools will assist in developing improved aids to support policy implementation.
An in silico study of the effects of left ventricular assist device on right ventricular function and inter‐ventricular interaction
Authors: Fan Lei , Choy Jenny S. , Lee Sangjin , Campbell Kenneth S. , Wenk Jonathan F. , Kassab Ghassan S. , Burkhoff Daniel , Lee Lik Chuan
Published: September 2023

Background

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is associated with a high incidence of right ventricular (RV) failure, which is hypothesized to be caused by the occurring inter‐ventricular interactions when the LV is unloaded. Factors contributing to these interactions are unknown.

Methods

We used computer modeling to investigate the impact of the HeartMate 3 LVAD on RV functions. The model was first calibrated against pressure–volume (PV) loops associated with a heart failure (HF) patient and validated against measurements of inter‐ventricular interactions in animal experiments. The model was then applied to investigate the effects of LVAD on (1) RV chamber contractility indexed by derived from its end‐systolic PV relationship, and (2) RV diastolic function indexed by derived from its end‐diastolic PV relationship. We also investigated how septal wall thickness and regional contractility affect the impact of LVAD on RV function.

Results

The impact of LVAD on RV chamber contractility is small at a pump speed lower than 4k rpm. At a higher pump speed between 4k and 9k rpm, however, RV chamber contractility is reduced (by ~3% at 6k rpm and ~10% at 9k rpm). The reduction of RV chamber contractility is greater with a thinner septal wall or with a lower myocardial contractility at the LV free wall, septum, or RV free wall.

Conclusion

RV chamber contractility is reduced at a pump speed higher than 4k rpm, and this reduction is greater with a thinner septal wall or lower regional myocardial contractility. Findings here may have clinical implications in identifying LVAD patients who may suffer from RV failure.
Putting entrepreneurship in corporate change agency: A typology of social intrapreneurs
Authors: Darcis Anne‐Cathrin , Hahn Rüdiger , Alt Elisa
Published: September 2023

Social intrapreneurs can help corporations to address grand challenges and create hybrid value—that is simultaneous commercial and social value—by identifying and exploring entrepreneurial opportunities that address social or environmental issues. However, we still know little about how individuals assume social intrapreneurial roles in corporations. Based on a qualitative study of social intrapreneurs and their supporters, we identify variations in social intrapreneurial profiles along two dimensions: the role of the social intrapreneur in the entrepreneurial process (idea initiator versus idea explorer), and their position (within core business departments versus within sustainability departments). We contribute to the literature by identifying four different types of social intrapreneurs as corporate change agents—the Visionary Business Insurgent, the Visionary Sustainability Transformer, the Enabled Business Expert, and the Enabled Sustainability Expert—and by shedding light on four pathways to social intrapreneurship that vary in initial levels of agency and ethical expression.
Jordanian children involvement within family consumption decision‐making during COVID‐19
Authors: Huneiti Kholod Saleh
Published: September 2023

The whole of society has been passing through difficult times due to the effects of COVID‐19. Such a lengthy period has greatly impacted lifestyles and living standards. Accordingly, this paper aimed to examine the role of Jordanian children in purchasing decision‐making within the framework of parental mediation during COVID‐19. A quantitative methodology was applied, and a questionnaire targeted 287 children aged 8–12. Findings demonstrated a correlation between the influence of COVID‐19. They changed the purchasing behaviour of children, as their daily habits have changed to increased periods of stay at home, leading to a long preoccupation with watching the Internet/commercials.