bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do hybrid organisations use socio‐environmental impact information? An exploratory analysis in European B corps
Authors: Fuertes‐Fuertes Iluminada , Cabedo J. David , Tirado‐Beltrán José Miguel
Published: September 2024

Achieving genuine sustainability progress depends on translating strategic goals into actionable steps. This is particularly crucial for hybrid organisations, where managers must integrate socio‐environmental impact information into daily practices. This study explores how managers use impact information for internal (company control and decision‐making) and external (dissemination) purposes. Furthermore, it examines whether there are differences in the usage patterns depending on corporate characteristics. Using sample data produced by an online questionnaire administered to European B Corps, the results show somewhat limited integration of this socio‐environmental information into management decision‐making. However, companies with better alignment between economic and social objectives, alongside highly innovative firms, showcase a more extensive use of this information. This research contributes to the literature by identifying specific organisational characteristics that are linked to the observed variations in the use of impact information. It points out which characteristics are associated with companies that exhibit a more comprehensive integration of this information into management practices.
Associations between language, telehealth, and clinical outcomes in patients with cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Azizi Armon , Mahadevan Aditya , Arora Jagmeet S. , Chiao Elaine , Tanjasiri Sora , Dayyani Farshid
Published: September 2024

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic prompted a surge in telehealth utilization. However, language barriers have emerged as a potential obstacle to effective telemedicine engagement, impacting millions of limited English proficient (LEP) individuals. Understanding the role of language spoken in telehealth outcomes is critical, particularly in cancer care, in which consistent follow‐up and communication are vital. The primary objective was to assess the impact of telehealth utilization and primary language spoken on clinical outcomes in cancer patients.

Methods

This study utilized a retrospective cohort design, encompassing cancer patients seen at the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. The study incorporated both in‐person and telehealth visits, examining the association between encounter type and clinical outcomes.

Results

The study included 7890 patients with more than one outpatient visit during the study period. There was decreased telehealth utilization in non‐English speaking cancer patients throughout the pandemic. Increased telehealth utilization was associated with higher rates of admission, irrespective of cancer type. Additionally, telehealth visits were associated with longer duration of subsequent admissions compared to in‐person visits. Spanish‐speaking patients utilizing telehealth had higher rates of re‐admission compared to English speakers utilizing telehealth. Patients who died had higher rates of telehealth utilization compared to patients who survived.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study demonstrates that primary language spoken is associated with differences in telehealth utilization and associated outcomes in cancer patients. These differences suggest that the interplay of telehealth and language could contribute to widening of disparities in clinical outcomes in these populations. The study underscores the need to optimize telehealth usage and minimize its limitations to enhance the quality of cancer care in a telehealth‐driven era.
Cross‐sectional investigation of the distribution characteristics and prognostic significance of lateral lymph nodes in patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Yang Xuyang , Zhang Yang , Zhuang Zixuan , Zeng Hanjiang , Zhang Tong , Deng Xiangbing , Meng Wenjian , Wang Ziqiang
Published: September 2024

Background

Information about the distribution characteristics and prognostic significance of lateral lymph nodes (LLNs) on primary computed tomography (CT) scan in rectal cancer patients is lacking.

Methods

Between January 2013 and December 2016, patients with pathologically proved rectal cancer and pretreatment abdominal enhanced CT in our department were screened. We firstly redivided LLNs into seven categories based on their locations. Then, the number and distribution of all measurable LLNs and the characteristics of the largest LLN in each lateral compartment were recorded. Furthermore, we investigated the long‐term outcomes in patients with different LLN characteristics and LLN risk scoring.

Results

A total of 572 patients were enrolled in this study. About 80% of patients had measurable LLNs, and most patients developed measurable LLNs in the obturator cranial compartment. Lateral local recurrence (LLR) was observed in 20 patients, which accounted for 83.3% of the local recurrence (LR). Patients with the largest LLN short‐axis diameter >10 mm had a poor prognosis, which was similar to that in patients with simultaneous distant metastasis (SDM). Patients with LLN risk scoring ≥2 had a worse prognosis than those with LLN risk scoring <2, while better than those with SDM.

Conclusion

This study suggests that LLR is the main locoregional recurrence pattern. Most rectal cancer patients have measurable LLNs on primary CT scan. However, patients with enlarged LLNs <10 mm or LLN risk scoring <2 still have a significantly better prognosis than patients with SDM, which indicated the potential value of locoregional treatment for these LLNs.
Gibberellic Acid (GA3): A Versatile Chiral Building Block for Syntheses of Pharmaceutical Agents
Authors: Alabdeen Khdar Zein , Le Tam Minh , Szakonyi Zsolt
Published: September 2024

Gibberellic acid (GA3), an ent‐kaurene tetracyclic diterpene, has been considered to be a chiral pool for the chemical transformation of significant heterocyclic compounds. This chiral pool continues to influence modern synthetic chemistry as an inexpensive and versatile starting material since it is widely applied in agriculture. This review focuses on the stereoselective syntheses of bioactive agents with pharmaceutical potency prepared from Gibberellic acid.
Recent progress in the synthesis and electrocatalytic application of MXene‐based metal phosphide composites
Authors: Su Hengjun , Jin Chulong , Zhang Xiaofeng , Yu Zhixin , Zeng Xiaojun
Published: September 2024

In the domain of novel catalyst design and application, metal phosphides have attracted widespread interest due to their unique electronic structure and potential catalytic activity. Various types of supports that can effectively anchor metal phosphides have been reported, among which MXene have received significant attention due to their two‐dimensional (2D) structure, adjustable composition, and composite variability. This work mainly aims to elucidate the preparation of novel MXene carriers and their unique roles in loading metal phosphides and participating in catalytic reactions. We will clarify the preparation strategy of MXene, the interaction between metal phosphides and MXene carriers, to explain the stabilization of metal phosphide active sites and the rational adjustment of electronic structure. In addition, we will comprehensively summarize recent research progress of MXene‐based metal phosphide composites, with particular emphasis on advancements in the synergistic effect of heterostructures. Regarding applications, we review the utilization of MXene‐based metal phosphide composites in electrocatalysis, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Finally, some fundamental challenges and prospects for the efficient electrocatalysis of MXene‐based metal phosphide composites are introduced.
Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Itepekimab Injection With an Autoinjector Device and Prefilled Syringe in Healthy Participants
Authors: Xu Christine , Xin Kong , Kosloski Matthew P. , Butler Allison , Goulaouic Helene , Nivens Michael C. , Kanamaluru Vanaja
Published: September 2024

Itepekimab, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin‐33, has demonstrated clinical utility in previous studies in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An autoinjector (AI) has been developed for administering itepekimab to facilitate further development. This study compared pharmacokinetics of single 300‐mg itepekimab subcutaneous administration via an AI versus a prefilled syringe (PFS). Of 90 healthy volunteers enrolled in this Phase 1, parallel‐design, randomized study and stratified by body weight (50 to <70 kg, ≥70 to <80 kg, ≥80 to 100 kg) and injection site (abdomen, thigh, or arm), 84 completed the study. Systemic exposure of itepekimab was similar for both groups. Point estimates for geometric mean ratios of pharmacokinetic parameters for AI versus PFS groups were 1.01 for maximum serum concentration, 1.06 for area under the serum concentration‐time curve to the last quantifiable concentration, and 1.04 for area under the serum concentration‐time curve extrapolated to infinity. The exposure was similar for both devices in each body weight and injection site subgroup. Overall, systemic exposure of 300‐mg single‐dose itepekimab in healthy participants was comparable when administered subcutaneously via an AI device and PFS, with an acceptable safety profile in both device groups.
Photoelectrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate Using a BiVO4/ZIF‐8 Heterojunction
Authors: Yang Zhi , Yang Jiaqi , Yang Huimin , Gao Fanfan , Nan Cheng , Chen Rui , Zhang Yi , Gao Xuemei , Yuan Yue , Jia Yibo , Yang Yuanjing
Published: September 2024

Converting CO2 into high‐value chemical fuels through green photoelectrocatalytic reaction path is considered as a potential strategy to solve energy and environmental problems. In this work, BiVO4/ZIF‐8 heterojunctions are prepared by in‐situ synthesis of ZIF‐8 nanocrystals with unique pore structure on the surface of BiVO4. The experimental results show that the silkworm pupa‐like BiVO4 is successfully combined with porous ZIF‐8, and the introduction of ZIF‐8 can provide more sites for CO2 capture. The optimal composite ratio of 4 : 1‐BiVO4/ZIF‐8 exhibits excellent CO2 reduction activity and the lowest electrochemical transport resistance. In the electrocatalytic system, the formate Faraday efficiency of 4 : 1‐BiVO4/ZIF‐8 at −1.0 V vs. RHE is 82.60 %. Furthermore, in the photoelectrocatalytic system, the Faraday efficiency increases to 91.24 % at −0.9 V vs. RHE, which is 10.8 times higher than the pristine BiVO4. The results show that photoelectric synergism can not only reduce energy consumption, but also improve the Faraday efficiency of formate. In addition, the current density did not decrease during 34 h electrolysis, showing long‐term stability. This work highlights the importance of the construction of heterojunction to improve the performance of photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction.
The Factors of the Psychotherapists' Attitude Towards Technology: Combining Attitudes Towards Technology and Technology Readiness Models
Authors: Koch Agnieszka , Graczykowska Agata , Szumiał Szymon , Rudnicka Patrycja , Marszał‐Wiśniewska Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The study aimed to explore psychotherapists' attitudes towards new technologies. Understanding the factors influencing their acceptance of technologies is essential to improving the accessibility, quality, and effectiveness of psychotherapeutic care in the digital age. Based on previous research from different fields (e.g., e‐government and mobile applications), we integrated the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT‐T) with the Technology Readiness Index (TRI). UTAUT‐T focuses on one's perception of technology, while TRI emphasizes individual characteristics. Therefore, we regard psychotherapists' attitudes towards digital solutions by analysing factors related to technology and users (psychotherapists).

Methods

We conducted an online questionnaire study involving 391 psychotherapists aged 25–66 (M = 40.90; SD = 7.79). Participants completed self‐report questionnaires: UTAUT‐T, TRI 2.0, and a survey measuring technology usage at work.

Results

The model explained 30.2% of the variance in actual technology usage and 57.6% in behavioural intention. Both technology‐related and therapist‐related factors affect technology use. Some factors directly influence use behaviour (optimism, ease of use, convenience), while others are mediated by behavioural intention (pressure from others, professional support, therapy quality expectations).

Conclusions

Technology‐related and therapist‐related factors influence psychotherapists' use of technology. The study revealed that optimism plays a crucial role in addition to behavioural intention. This insight is vital for implementing new technologies in mental health services.
Discovery of Biomarkers of a Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Administration to Thoroughbred Geldings by Label‐Free Proteomics
Authors: Cheung Hiu Wing , Wong Kin‐Sing , Tam Jimmy C. L. , Farrington Adrian F. , Bond Amanda J. , Wan Terence S. M. , Ho Emmie N. M.
Published: September 2024

Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) continue to be a significant threat to the integrity of human and equine sports. Besides conventional direct testing, monitoring the biomarkers associated with the effects of ESAs may provide a complementary approach via indirect detection to enhance doping control. In this study, we applied label‐free proteomics to discover plasma protein biomarkers in Thoroughbred geldings after administration with a long‐acting form of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), methoxy polyethylene glycol epoetin beta, Mircera. Increased haematocrit, haemoglobin and red blood cell (RBC) levels were evidenced as early as 4 days post‐administration in all three horses to varying extents. Tryptic peptides were obtained from plasma samples and analysed by nanoflow ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (nano‐UHPLC‐HRMSMS) using data‐independent acquisition. Differential protein abundance analysis has shortlisted seven protein biomarker candidates that showed significant changes specifically after Mircera administration in the treated but not in the control geldings, which comprised downregulation of two proteins, haptoglobin (HP) and haemopexin (HPX), and upregulation of five proteins, transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), tenascin C (TNC), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) and galectin 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP). Multivariate analysis of plasma proteome has allowed the classification of control and treated samples. This is the first report on the discovery of plasma protein biomarkers of rhEPO administration to geldings. The results lay a foundation for applications of protein biomarkers for controlling the misuse of ESAs.
Innate immunity champions: The diverse functions of macrophages
Authors: Biscu Francesca , Zouzaf Anissa , Cicia Donatella , Pridans Clare , Matteoli Gianluca
Published: September 2024

Macrophages are instrumental in maintaining tissue homeostasis, modulating inflammation, and driving regeneration. The advent of omics techniques has led to the identification of numerous tissue‐specific macrophage subtypes, thereby introducing the concept of the “macrophage niche”. This paradigm underscores the ability of macrophages to adapt their functions based on environmental cues, such as tissue‐specific signals. This adaptability is closely linked to their metabolic states, which are crucial for their function and role in health and disease. Macrophage metabolism is central to their ability to switch between proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory states. In this regard, environmental factors, including the extracellular matrix, cellular interactions, and microbial metabolites, profoundly influence macrophage behavior. Moreover, diet and gut microbiota significantly impact macrophage function, with nutrients and microbial metabolites influencing their activity and contributing to conditions like inflammatory bowel disease. Targeting specific macrophage functions and their metabolic processes is leading to the development of novel treatments for a range of chronic inflammatory conditions. The exploration of macrophage biology enriches our understanding of immune regulation and holds the promise of innovative approaches to managing diseases marked by inflammation and immune dysfunction, offering a frontier for scientific and clinical advancement.
Increased behavioural inhibition and decreased behavioural activation in whiplash‐associated disorders: Associations with health outcomes
Authors: Smith Ashley , Becker Susanne
Published: September 2024

Background

Motivation can be investigated with the BIS (Behavioural Inhibition System)/BAS (Behavioural Activation System) scale. BAS regulates the motivation to approach goal‐oriented outcomes, particularly rewarding stimuli and situations, while BIS regulates escape and avoidance of unpleasant outcomes. Chronic whiplash‐associated disorders (WAD) is a heterogenous pain condition with known alterations in motivated behaviour. The study aimed (1) to investigate the relationship between BIS/BAS, and pain and disability with quality of life and psychological measures in chronic WAD; (2) to determine if BIS and/or BAS mediate the relationships between pain, disability, and psychological symptoms and quality of life.

Methods

254 chronic WAD patients participated in the study. Outcome measures were assessed using self‐report questionnaires. BIS/BAS scores were compared to published normative data. Differences in health outcomes for participants within/outside normative 95% confidence intervals were compared and correlations with health measures tested. Mediation models explored bi‐directional associations between stress, anxiety, depression, post‐traumatic stress severity, pain catastrophizing, and quality of life with pain and disability.

Results

Participants who exceeded normative 95% confidence intervals for BIS demonstrated higher scores for pain interference, disability and all mental health measures. No mediating role of BIS/BAS on the relation between pain and disability with quality of life and health outcomes could be confirmed.

Conclusions

A comparatively large proportion of the sample exceeded the 95% confidence interval for BIS and BAS scores with associations of these scores with health outcomes, but altered motivation to approach goal‐oriented outcomes appears to play only a subordinate role in chronic WAD.

Significance statement

In line with current theories, we found a large proportion (30%–50%) of patients with whiplash‐associated disorders (WAD) showing signs of altered function in the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioural Activation System (BAS) suggesting altered reward processing and motivation in these patients. While such altered functions showed associations with pain interference, disability and all mental health measures, reward processing could no be demonstrated as a pathogenetically relevant factor in chronic WAD patients.
Are we there yet? Exploring astrocyte heterogeneity one cell at a time
Authors: O'Dea Michael R. , Hasel Philip
Published: September 2024

Astrocytes are a highly abundant cell type in the brain and spinal cord. Like neurons, astrocytes can be molecularly and functionally distinct to fulfill specialized roles. Recent technical advances in sequencing‐based single cell assays have driven an explosion of omics data characterizing astrocytes in the healthy, aged, injured, and diseased central nervous system. In this review, we will discuss recent studies which have furthered our understanding of astrocyte biology and heterogeneity, as well as discuss the limitations and challenges of sequencing‐based single cell and spatial genomics methods and their potential future utility.
Comprehensive sequential genetic analysis delineating frequency, patterns, and prognostic impact of genomic dynamics in a real‐world cohort of patients with lower‐risk MDS
Authors: Mazzeo Paolo , Ganster Christina , Wiedenhöft John , Shirneshan Katayoon , Rittscher Katharina , Brzuszkiewicz Elzbieta B. , Steinemann Doris , Schieck Maximilian , Müller‐Thomas Catharina , Treiber Hannes , Braulke Friederike , Germing Ulrich , Sockel Katja , Balaian Ekaterina , Schanz Julie , Platzbecker Uwe , Götze Katharina S. , Haase Detlef
Published: September 2024

The acquisition of subsequent genetic lesions (clonal evolution, CE) and/or the expansion of existing clones (CEXP) contributes to clonal dynamics (CD) in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Although CD plays an important role in high‐risk patients in disease progression and transformation into acute myeloid leukemia (AML), knowledge about CD in lower‐risk MDS (LR‐MDS) patients is limited due to lack of robust longitudinal data considering the long clinically stable courses of the disease. In this retrospective analysis, we delineate the frequency and the prognostic impact of CD in an unselected real‐world cohort of LR‐MDS patients. We screened 68 patients with a median follow‐up of 40.5 months and a median of 7.5 (range: 2–22) timepoints for CE and CEXP detected by chromosomal banding analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, sequencing, and molecular karyotyping. In 30/68 patients, 47 CE events and a CD rate of 1 event per 4 years were documented. Of note, patients with at least 1 CE event had an increased probability for subsequent treatment. Unexpectedly, CE did not correlate with inferior outcomes, which could be reasonably explained by CD detection triggering the subsequent start of a disease‐modifying therapy.
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes and factors associated with cirrhosis, fatty liver, and viral load: A registry‐based cross‐sectional cohort study in Western Iran during 1999–2023
Authors: Sayad Babak , Bozorgomid Arezoo , Sayad Nazanin , Azhdari Marya , Bahadori Maryam , Rezaeian Shahab , Gholizadeh Maryam
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important infectious disease that imposes a significant burden on healthcare systems. Determining the prevalence of HCV genotypes in a area is essential for the successful implementation of HCV elimination programs and allocation of financial resources to direct‐acting antiviral direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) treatments against prevalent HCV genotypes. Accordingly, we conducted a registry‐based cross‐sectional cohort study to investigate the prevalence of HCV genotypes and factors associated with cirrhosis, fatty liver, and viral load in Kermanshah Province, Western Iran.

Methods

Patients presenting to the Hepatitis Clinic of the Research Center for Infectious Diseases affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences between 1999 and 2023 were enrolled in this study. Serum samples were collected to assess HCV genotypes and viral load. Additionally, demographic data and the status of cirrhosis and fatty liver were extracted from the registry system records throughout the study period.

Results

Records of 828 patients with an average age of 40.38 ± 11.72 years (range: 11–80 years) were included in the study that 721 individuals were male, and 107 were female. The prevalence of fatty liver and cirrhosis was 30.3% and 12.9%, respectively. Four genotypes (1, 2, 3, and 4) and four subtypes (1a, 1b, 3a, and 3b) were identified, with subtype 3a (55.7%) being the most prevalent, followed by subtype 1a (34.3%). None of the variables including age, gender, viral load level, and genotypes 1 and 3 were associated with fatty liver or cirrhosis. However, age, gender, and genotype were correlated with the viral load (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

The most common HCV subtypes in Kermanshah were 3a and 1a. Genotypes 2 and 4 were identified in one case each. Further studies on identifying HCV subtypes in different regions of the country are recommended to manage HCV infection and predict the prognosis.
A Dual Cascaded Deep Theoretic Learning Approach for the Segmentation of the Brain Tumors in MRI Scans
Authors: Sreedhar Jinka , Dara Suresh , Srinivasulu C. H. , Katari Butchi Raju , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Vidyarthi Ankit , Alsulami Mashael M.
Published: September 2024

Accurate segmentation of brain tumors from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of patients with neurological disorders. This paper proposes an approach for brain tumor segmentation employing a cascaded architecture integrating L‐Net and W‐Net deep learning models. The proposed cascaded model leverages the strengths of U‐Net as a baseline model to enhance the precision and robustness of the segmentation process. In the proposed framework, the L‐Net excels in capturing the mask, while the W‐Net focuses on fine‐grained features and spatial information to discern complex tumor boundaries. The cascaded configuration allows for a seamless integration of these complementary models, enhancing the overall segmentation performance. To evaluate the proposed approach, extensive experiments were conducted on the datasets of BraTs and SMS Medical College comprising multi‐modal MRI images. The experimental results demonstrate that the cascaded L‐Net and W‐Net model consistently outperforms individual models and other state‐of‐the‐art segmentation methods. The performance metrics such as the Dice Similarity Coefficient value achieved indicate high segmentation accuracy, while Sensitivity and Specificity metrics showcase the model's ability to correctly identify tumor regions and exclude healthy tissues. Moreover, the low Hausdorff Distance values confirm the model's capability to accurately delineate tumor boundaries. In comparison with the existing methods, the proposed cascaded scheme leverages the strengths of each network, leading to superior performance compared to existing works of literature.
Glycerol‐plasticized silk fibroin vascular grafts mimic key mechanical properties of native blood vessels
Authors: Alkazemi Hazem , Chai Jaydon , Allardyce Benjamin J. , Lokmic‐Tomkins Zerina , O'Connor Andrea J. , Heath Daniel E.
Published: September 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are a major global health challenge. Blood vessel disease and dysfunction are major contributors to this healthcare burden, and the development of tissue‐engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) is required, particularly for the replacement of small‐diameter vessels. Silk fibroin (SF) is a widely used biomaterial for TEVG fabrication due to its high strength and biocompatibility. However, the stiffness of SF is much higher than that of native blood vessels (NBVs), which limits its application for vascular tissue engineering. In this study, SF was plasticized with glycerol to produce TEVGs exhibiting similar stiffness and ultimate tensile strength to those of NBVs. The electrospun SF/glycerol TEVGs exhibited mechanical properties comparable to NBVs and supported the in vitro proliferation of essential vascular cells—endothelial and smooth muscle cells. After 5 days of culture, the TEVGs exhibited an endothelial monolayer in the lumen, demonstrating their potential for functional vascular tissue regeneration. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of producing TEVGs from SF with tailored mechanical properties, paving the way for more functional and durable TEVGs for future clinical applications.
Trim21 mediates metabolic reprogramming in renal tubular cells via PFKP ubiquitination to alleviate renal fibrosis
Authors: Wen Yang , Tian Maoqing , Jiang Xushun , Gong Ying , Gan Hua
Published: September 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), stemming from varied nephric impairments, manifests a steadily escalating global incidence. As a progressive pathological condition, CKD is typified by an intensification in the gravity of renal interstitium fibrotic transformations. Nonetheless, the intrinsic mechanisms underpinning nephric fibrosis remain elusive. In this context, we elucidated a marked augmentation in aerobic glycolysis within proximal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) of CKD patients, alongside unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) murine models, concomitant with deficiency of Trim21. Experimental investigations, both in vivo and in vitro, revealed that Trim21 deficiency aggravates the aberrantly heightened aerobic glycolysis, thereby exacerbating fibrotic reaction progression. Concomitantly, enhancive glycolytic flux paralleled an elevation in ATP genesis and reconstitution of cytoskeletal architecture. Mechanistically, we uncovered that Trim21 modulates aerobic glycolysis in TECs via ubiquitin‐facilitated degradation of phosphofructokinase platelet (PFKP), thus attenuating nephric fibrosis. Collectively, our insights posit Trim21 as a prospective therapeutic target in the amelioration of renal fibrosis.
Maslinic acid prevented lipopolysaccharide‐induced injury of IPEC‐J2 cells through regulating PTEN‐FAK signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Rui , Yu Hao , Li Aike , Wang Ting , Wang Qiyuan , Qi Huiyu , Wang Chuanqi , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2024

Intestinal epithelial injury is one of the typical symptoms associated with intestinal inflammation and diarrhea, and the repair of the intestinal epithelium intricately linked to cell migration. Here, we test the hypothesis that maslinic acid (MA) regulates porcine intestinal epithelial cell migration by inhibiting focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/AKT signaling pathway. In this experiment, the optimal concentration of MA (0.5 μg/mL) on IPEC‐J2 cell viability was selected to investigate the effect under low‐dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/mL) conditions. Transcriptome sequencing and polymerase chain reaction array results revealed that MA could alleviate LPS‐induced the gene expressions decreasing in focal adhesion signaling pathway. From the pathway map analysis and western blot analysis results, MA alleviated the LPS‐induced decrease in FAK protein expression mainly by promoting FAK protein phosphorylation, which in turn alleviated the decrease in cell migration and formation of cytoskeleton protein Vinculin and F‐actin, the above results were verified by FAK phosphorylation inhibitors Defactinib. The molecular docking and immunoprecipitation further verified that MA could bind to PTEN protein and significantly inhibit its interaction with FAK protein, blocking the function of PTEN to inhibit FAK phosphorylation finally shown to promote the level of FAK phosphorylation, meanwhile LPS inhibited FAK protein expression and its binding to PKC and PTEN proteins. Our study revealed the role of MA and LPS in FAK protein, and increased understanding of MA anti‐inflammatory mechanism.
Aziridine‐Functionalized 1,3,5‐Triazine Derivatives as Promising Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, DFT Study, DNA Binding Investigations and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Protas Aleksandra V. , Mikolaichuk Olga V. , Popova Еlena А. , Timoshchuk Kirill V. , Kornyakov Ilya V. , Maistrenko Dmitrii N. , Molchanov Oleg E. , Sharoyko Vladimir V. , Semenov Konstantin N.
Published: September 2024

Herein, we report a synthesis and characterization of aziridine‐functionalized 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives. Electronic structure and the most preferable geometry of substances were calculated by DFT method. DNA binding investigations were conducted as part of the biomedicinal research as well as the cytotoxic activity of these compounds was evaluated using in vitro assays toward Huh‐7 and A549 cancer cell lines and HEK‐293 normal cell line. The results demonstrate that some of the synthesized compounds exhibit potent cytotoxic activity ([5‐[[4,6‐bis(aziridin‐1‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl]amino]‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐5‐yl]methanol (1) and 4,6‐di(aziridine‐1‐yl)‐N‐(2,2,5‐trimethyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐5‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2‐amine (9)), making them potential candidates for further development as anticancer agents.
Bmi‐1 alleviates alveolar bone resorption through the regulation of autophagy
Authors: Chu Yiting , Liu Shuying , Yan Lixueer , Gong Aixiu
Published: September 2024

Background

B‐cell‑specific Moloney MLV insertion site‐1(Bmi‐1)is a crucial osteopenic target molecule. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of Bmi‐1 on alveolar bone resorption and the underlying mechanisms in vitro and vivo.

Methods

A Bmi‐1‐knockout (Bmi‐1−/−) mouse model was used to investigate the effect of Bmi‐1 on alveolar bone metabolism, with micro‐computed tomography imaging, histology, and immunohistochemistry staining. Furthermore, we utilized a ligature‐induced experimental periodontitis model to examine the impact of Bmi‐1‐knockdown (Bmi‐1±) on inflammatory alveolar bone resorption. Finally, we stimulated human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to explore the potential mechanism of Bmi‐1 overexpression in the process of osteogenesis.

Results

Compared with wild‐type mice, Bmi‐1−/− mice demonstrated more alveolar bone resorption by inhibiting osteogenesis, which was characterized by decreases in Runt‐related transcription factor 2 and type 1 collagen formation. In addition, Bmi‐1−/− mice had lower levels of autophagy markers such as Parkin and LC3, but higher levels of inflammation‐related factors such as interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β in periodontal tissues. In addition, Bmi‐1‐knockdown aggravated ligature‐induced alveolar bone loss. Under in vitro inflammatory conditions, Bmi‐1 overexpression stimulated osteoblast differentiation and inhibited the production of inflammatory factors, as well as the autophagy and apoptosis in hPDLSCs stimulated with LPS. When 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA), an autophagy inhibitor, was added, the osteogenic effect of Bmi‐1 was further enhanced.

Conclusions

Bmi‐1 alleviates alveolar bone resorption by regulating autophagy, indicating that it could be a potential target for periodontitis prevention and treatment.

Plain Language Summary

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which leads to progressive destruction of periodontal tissues, manifested as periodontal pocket formation, loss of periodontal attachment and alveolar bone resorption. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatments to regenerate damaged periodontal tissues. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to explore new mechanisms of periodontitis and effective intervention targets. B‐cell‑specific Moloney MLV insertion site‐1 (Bmi‐1) is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, autophagy, bone metabolism, tumor, and other physiopathological processes. Autophagy, as an important mechanism of intracellular self‐regulation, plays an indispensable role in the destruction and repair of periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Bmi‐1 on periodontal tissues and its intrinsic mechanism. The results revealed that Bmi‐1 regulates autophagy to protect periodontal tissues, suggesting that it may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
Successful treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with guselkumab
Authors: Botvid Sofia , Zachariae Claus , Skov Lone , Schwensen Jakob Ferløv
Published: September 2024

Guselkumab, a monoclonal antibody known for its effective inhibition of T‐cell‐immunoactivity through specific binding to interleukin‐23 (IL‐23)‐cytokines, may be used for off‐label treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). Herein, we report two successful cases of off‐label treatment for PG, using guselkumab, after unsuccessful treatments with standard regimens of corticosteroids, immunomodulating therapy and other biological agents. Case 1 involves a 39‐year‐old female with treatment‐resistant peristomal PG post‐colectomy and ileostomy. Case 2 features a 35‐year‐oldfemale with treatment‐resistant PG, presenting with deep necrotic lower extremity ulcers. In both cases, we observed remarkable healing within months to a year. These two cases support the potential use of systemic IL‐23‐targetedtherapy for treatment‐resistant PG.
As a phenomenon: Ramadan fasting improves olfactory performance
Authors: Çakan Doğan , Yılmaz Hüseyin Baki , Cansız Harun , Çevik Haluk , Tong Michael C. F. , Yılmaz Begüm Bahar , Çakan Zeliha Kübra
Published: September 2024

Objective

The present study objectived to investigate the influence of Ramadan fasting (RF) on olfactory function.

Methods

Sixty‐two participants were included in the current prospective study. The odor threshold and identification performances were determined by using the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) test initially (day 0) and on the first and last day (30th) of RF. Body weight (BW)s were measured initially and at the end of the study. The results were analyzed statistically.

Results

The average of baseline and last‐day BWs were 78.38 ± 12.96 and 78.36 ± 12.39 kg, respectively. No significant difference was determined in terms of BWs (p = .932, p > .05). In the evaluation of CCCRC test outcomes, significant differences were observed in the scores of butanol thresholds (p = .0001), odor identification (p = .0001), food‐related odors identification (p = .0001), and the number of normosmic individuals (p = .0001) at different times (p < .05). The thresholds scores (p = .0001, p = .0001), the identification scores (p = .0001, p = .0001), food‐related odors identification scores (p = .0001, p = .0002), and the number of normomic individuals (p = .001, p = .001) detected on 30th day were significantly higher than on 0th and 1st days; respectively (p < .05). Additionally, the threshold scores (p = .0001), the identification scores (p = .003), food‐related odors identification scores (p = .007), and the number of normosmic individuals (p = .018) detected on day 1 were significantly higher than on day 0 (p < .05).

Conclusion

The current study demonstrated that Ramadan fasting enhances the olfactory detection threshold and odor identification scores, significantly improving the identification of food‐related odors. The results may indicate that Ramadan fasting improves olfactory performance.

Level of evidence

Level II.
Achieving Broadband Near‐Field Directionality with a 3D Active Janus Antenna
Authors: Xue Bo , Oyesina Kayode Adedotun , Wong Alex M. H.
Published: September 2024

Directional sources like the Huygens source enable electromagnetic wavefront forming/shaping with great flexibility and have made impacts in photonics, applied physics, metasurfaces, and antenna engineering. The related Janus source features a strongly directional near‐field and a quasi‐isotropic far‐field, which gives it promising application potentials distinct from, and complementary to, the Huygens source. Nevertheless, most existing Janus sources face strong limitations in efficiency and/or 3D operation, hindering their practical application. This paper introduces a 3D active Janus source that achieves near‐field directionality over a wide bandwidth and a power efficiency much improved over existing passive Janus sources. It is shown that a class of quasi‐isotropic antennas are actually active Janus sources (which is referred to as the Janus antenna). A well‐designed Janus antenna is demonstrated which (a) exhibits near‐field directionality over a broad bandwidth of 28.9%, and (b) in a practical usage environment, achieves a power efficiency ≈60 times higher than a passive Janus source. This work elucidates the connection between the “Janus dipole” concept in physics and the “quasi‐isotropic antenna” concept in antenna design, and paves the way for the design of future directional devices with much improved bandwidth and efficiency.
Timing of Laser Intervention on Facial Scars: A 3D Imaging and Scar Scale Analysis in a Retrospective Study
Authors: Qiang Shuai , Fan Xing , Yin Yue , Xue Ping , Dou Wen‐Jie , Li Tong , Yang Qing
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Scars resulting from injuries or surgical procedures often present both physical and aesthetic challenges. Recent studies have indicated promising results in improving postoperative scar outcomes through the combined use of specific laser technologies. Nevertheless, there remains a crucial need for further exploration to ascertain the optimal timing for initiating such treatments.

Methods

In this retrospective investigation, a cohort of 47 adult patients who did not require hospitalization was analyzed. These patients were divided into two distinct groups: Group A, which received intervention beginning 2 weeks after their respective operations, and Group B, which commenced intervention 4 weeks postoperation. Each group underwent a comprehensive treatment protocol consisting of five laser sessions. Initially, patients underwent three sessions of V‐beam pulsed‐dye laser (PDL) therapy followed by two sessions of ablative fractional CO2 laser (AFL) therapy. Evaluation of outcomes was conducted using advanced imaging techniques such as Antera 3D imaging, in conjunction with established scar assessment tools including the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and the University of North Carolina “4P” Scar Scale (UNC4P).

Results

All patients successfully completed the full course of five treatment sessions, with no dropouts and no reported adverse events. Baseline cosmetic assessments of scars were equivalent across both groups. In Group A, the mean VSS scores decreased from 7.04 before treatment to 5.29 at 3 months posttreatment and further to 4.33 at 6 months posttreatment. Meanwhile, in Group B, scores decreased from 7.52 to 6.83 at 3 months and 6.17 at 6 months. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline VSS scores between the two groups (p = 0.34). At both the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up points, mean VSS scores were significantly lower in Group A compared to Group B (p < 0.05). Similar trends were observed in UNC4P scores. Statistically significant differences were noted across all time points (baseline, 3 months, and 6 months posttreatment) for both VSS and UNC4P scores (p < 0.05). Subset analysis revealed greater improvements in texture and depression volume at 3 months posttreatment, while improvements in depression area, depth, elevation variation, and area were more pronounced at the 6‐month mark.

Conclusions

Early intervention using the combined 595‐nm pulse dye laser and CO2 ablative fractional laser (AFL) 2‐ and 4‐weeks post‐surgery proves to be an effective and safe method for improving scar outcomes, particularly for facial surgical scars when treatment starts 2 weeks after surgery. However, further research is needed to refine our understanding and address potential study limitations.
Termination Kinetics of N‐Vinyl Formamide Radical Polymerization in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Drawe Patrick , Kattner Hendrik , Buback Michael
Published: September 2024

Termination kinetics of radical polymerization of N‐vinyl formamide (NVF) in aqueous solution has been measured via SP–PLP–NIR, i.e., single pulse (SP) initiation of pulsed laser polymerization (PLP) in conjunction with microsecond time‐resolved near‐infrared (NIR) detection of monomer concentration. Experiments are performed at initial NVF weight fractions from 0.20 up to bulk NVF, at monomer conversions up to 40%, and at temperatures from 40 to 70 °C as well as pressures from 500 to 2500 bar. Applying high pressure improves signal‐to‐noise quality. Data obtained upon pressure variation allow for extrapolation toward ambient pressure. The primary quantity from SP–PLP–NIR is kp/, i.e., the ratio of propagation rate coefficient, kp, to apparent chain‐length‐averaged termination rate coefficient, . With kp being available from literature, kp/ yields . This quantity is relevant for modeling polymerization rate and polymer properties. Termination in the initial polymerization period turns out to be controlled by segmental diffusion and, at higher degrees of monomer conversion up to 40%, by translational diffusion.
A 25 Gb/s burst‐mode TIA+CDR optical receiver with 4.5 ns total reconfiguration time
Authors: Wang Ka'nan , Tang Renjie , Ye Zhengyang , Zhao Zhen , He Yukun , Yuan Zhao , Wei Shangjie , Gui Xiaoyan
Published: September 2024

We present a high‐speed burst‐mode optical receiver operating at 25‐Gb/s with the shortest reconfiguration time of 4.52‐ns reported up to date. The receiver consists of a burst‐mode trans‐impedance amplifier (TIA) with 1/8‐rate clock‐assisted DC offset cancellation loop as well as automatic gain control loop, and a burst‐mode clock‐data recovery (CDR) with two‐stage injection‐locking architecture. Both designed and fabricated in a 28‐nm CMOS process, the TIA + CDR optical receiver consumes 101‐mW from a 0.9‐V supply. With a continuous‐time linear equalizer, series inductive peaking and shunt inductive peaking, the 3‐dB bandwidth of ZT(O‐E) of TIA is 20 GHz with 14‐dB gain dynamic range (45–59 dB). The sensitivity of the burst‐mode receiver is −10.1 dBm at BER = 1E‐12.
Metastatic tongue squamous cell carcinoma at a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy site via introducer technique
Authors: Takaoka Shohei , Yanagawa Toru , Saito Hitoaki , Ishibashi‐Kanno Naomi , Yamagata Kenji , Bukawa Hiroki
Published: September 2024

Background

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) site metastases from head and neck cancers have been reported many times using the pull technique, in which a catheter passes through the oral cavity and pharynx.

Case presentation

A 69‐year‐old man with recurrent tongue squamous cell carcinoma underwent PEG placement using the introducer technique before chemoradiotherapy. After 6 months, the patient developed a metastasis of tongue carcinoma at the PEG site.

Conclusion

The risk of PEG site metastasis is not eliminated even with the introducer technique, which is not in direct contact with the tumor.
Multi‐parameter design optimization of crash box for crashworthiness analysis
Authors: Borse Aditya , Gulakala Rutwik , Stoffel Marcus
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on the optimization process of crash box design. The design optimization process is resource‐intensive and requires multiple dynamic simulations. Numerous design parameters can be varied to satisfy the crashworthiness objectives. Therefore an intelligent and robust machine learning (ML) framework has been developed. This framework can be employed to assist in the optimization of various crashworthiness components with different crashworthiness objectives.

Here, a reinforcement learning‐based (RL) machine learning framework is developed. It consists of a finite element method (FEM) surrogate and RL environment. The FEM surrogate is trained using data from FEM simulations as well as synthetic data generated by a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). An inverse problem is solved for optimizing the geometrical parameters of the boundary value problem while the RL is receiving input from the FEM surrogate. RL has proven to be accurate in many fields due to its ability to explore and exploit the learned dynamics. Conventional algorithms require numerous iterations and tuned functions to achieve appropriate results and need to be initialized after a slight change in the problem. Due to an optimization of input parameters in an inverse problem, RL is chosen for the present investigation.

For the simulation data needed, the crash box is designed with linear first‐order accurate four nodal shell elements. Also, bilinear elastoplastic material along with geometrical nonlinearity is used to simulate the dynamic deformation process.

The RL agents learn to vary the crash box design parameters and search for the optimal parameters. The optimal parameters are based on the user‐defined crashworthiness objectives.