bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ understanding about the pressure injury prevention and care / Conhecimento de enfermeiros sobre prevenção e cuidados de lesão por pressão
Authors: Sousa Rayne Caitano de , Faustino Andréa Mathes
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros assistenciais quanto à prevenção e cuidados com lesões por pressão (LPP) em unidades de clínica médica e cirúrgica de um hospital universitário de Brasília. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, transversal com análise quantitativa.  Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um instrumento com informações acerca da formação e conhecimento do enfermeiro acerca da LPP. Resultados: A amostra foi de 38 enfermeiros, onde 78.9%, acertaram entre 70 a 89% do instrumento, e somente 2 enfermeiros (5,2%) obtiveram nota igual ou maior a 90% de acerto. Os itens de menor acerto estão relacionados ao uso de dispositivos, como luva d’agua (23,6%), almofadas (23,6%), e em relação ao posicionamento e reposicionamento, além da massagem em proeminência ósseas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que há um déficit do conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem deste hospital, o que pode comprometer diretamente na assistência principalmente do paciente em risco para LPP.
Taxi drivers’ mental health status and their life quality / Condições de saúde mental e qualidade de vida de taxistas
Authors: Souza Júnior Edison Vitório de , Silva Sarah Rodrigues , Oliveira Bruno Gonçalves de , Bomfim Eliane dos Santos , Boery Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira , Boery Eduardo Nagib
Published: July 2019

Objetivos: Avaliar a influência das condições de saúde mental na Qualidade de Vida dos taxistas. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal realizado com 133 taxistas associados ao Sindicato dos Condutores Autônomos de Jequié-Ba. Para avaliar a Qualidade de Vida foi utilizado o questionário Whoqol-Bref e o questionário SRQ-20 para as condições de saúde. Para as análises estatísticas foi utilizado o teste de Mann Whitney, adotando nível de confiança de 5% (p<0,05). A pesquisa teve aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob o n° 333.535. Resultados: A prevalência da suspeição de transtorno mental comum foi de 25,6% e houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre todos os domínios da qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Os indivíduos que apresentaram algum tipo de transtorno mental comum apresentaram pior percepção de QV. Assim conclui-se que as condições de saúde mental influenciam na qualidade de vida dos taxistas.Descritores: Qualidade de vida, Nível de saúde, Saúde do trabalhador.
Multidimensional profiling of drug‐treated cells by Imaging Mass Cytometry
Authors: Bouzekri Alexandre , Esch Amanda , Ornatsky Olga
Published: June 2019

In pharmaceutical research, high‐content screening is an integral part of lead candidate development. Measuring drug response in vitro by examining over 40 parameters, including biomarkers, signaling molecules, cell morphological changes, proliferation indices, and toxicity in a single sample, could significantly enhance discovery of new therapeutics. As a proof of concept, we present here a workflow for multidimensional Imaging Mass Cytometry™ (IMC™) and data processing with open source computational tools. CellProfiler was used to identify single cells through establishing cellular boundaries, followed by histoCAT™ (histology topography cytometry analysis toolbox) for extracting single‐cell quantitative information visualized as t‐SNE plots and heatmaps. Human breast cancer‐derived cell lines SKBR3, HCC1143, and MCF‐7 were screened for expression of cellular markers to generate digital images with a resolution comparable to conventional fluorescence microscopy. Predicted pharmacodynamic effects were measured in MCF‐7 cells dosed with three target‐specific compounds: growth stimulatory EGF, microtubule depolymerization agent nocodazole, and genotoxic chemotherapeutic drug etoposide. We show strong pairwise correlation between nuclear markers pHistone3S28, Ki‐67, and p4E‐BP1T37/T46 in classified mitotic cells and anticorrelation with cell surface markers. Our study demonstrates that IMC data expand the number of measured parameters in single cells and brings higher‐dimension analysis to the field of cell‐based screening in early lead compound discovery.
UN: Treatment not accessible, especially in prisons, globally
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2019

Last week, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) released a report revealing that the adverse health consequences of drug use are more severe and widespread than previously thought. About 35 million people globally are estimated to need treatment for drug use disorders, according to the World Drug Report 2019, released June 26. The number of opioid users is now 53 million, up 56% from previous estimates. Opioids are responsible for two‐thirds of the 585,000 drug use deaths in 2017. Across the world, 11 million people injected drugs in 2017; 1.4 million of them have HIV and 5.6 million have hepatitis C.
Understanding the Mechanical and Conductive Properties of Carbon Nanotube Fibers for Smart Electronics
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Lu Weibang , Zhou Gengheng , Li Qingwen
Published: June 2019

The development of fiber‐based smart electronics has provoked increasing demand for high‐performance and multifunctional fiber materials. Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers, the 1D macroassembly of CNTs, have extensively been utilized to construct wearable electronics due to their unique integration of high porosity/surface area, desirable mechanical/physical properties, and extraordinary structural flexibility, as well as their novel corrosion/oxidation resistivity. To take full advantage of CNT fibers, it is essential to understand their mechanical and conductive properties. Herein, the recent progress regarding the intrinsic structure–property relationship of CNT fibers, as well as the strategies of enhancing their mechanical and conductive properties are briefly summarized, providing helpful guidance for scouting ideally structured CNT fibers for specific flexible electronic applications.
Solution‐Processed Large‐Area Gold Nanocheckerboard Metasurfaces on Flexible Plastics for Plasmonic Biomolecular Sensing
Authors: Cai Jingxuan , Zhang Cuiping , Liang Chuwei , Min Siyi , Cheng Xing , Li Wen‐Di
Published: July 2019

A versatile, solution‐processed fabrication strategy combining interference lithography, electroplating, and imprint transfer is developed to realize plastic plasmonic metasurfaces for biomolecular sensing applications. This process is potentially suitable for high‐throughput, large‐volume, and low‐cost production of plasmonic metasurfaces. Gold nanocheckerboard metasurfaces are fabricated using this method and show enhanced performance in plasmonic refractometric sensing applications compared to other localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors. An excellent refractive index sensitivity of 435.1 nm RIU−1 and a figure of merit (FoM) of 7.38 are demonstrated for the prototype plasmonic sensors at wavelengths of 570–610 nm. The spectral regions used in sensing are located within the operating wavelength of silicon photodiodes, which allows low analytical instrumentation cost. A plasmonic biosensor is also constructed on the metasurfaces by monitoring the LSPR peak shift that occurs upon high‐affinity biomolecular interactions between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti‐BSA proteins. Moreover, excellent mechanical stability against repeated bending is demonstrated for the plasmonic sensor, which is essential for wearable sensing devices.
Asymmetric Knoevenagel‐Phospha‐Michael Tandem Reaction Synergistically Catalyzed by Achiral Silanols and Grafted Chiral Amines on Mesoporous Silica
Authors: An Zhe , Dai Yan , Jiang Yitao , He Jing
Published: July 2019

Highly efficient and enantioselective asymmetric Knoevenagel‐phospha‐Michael tandem reactions have been achieved on bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts with inherent silanols as acidic sites and immobilized chiral amines as basic sites. Final products were afforded in yields of up to 99% and ee values of up to 99%. The effects of substituents on benzaldehyde and molecular dimensions of phosphites have also been investigated. Larger substrates can access the catalytic site inside larger mesoporous pores, thereby improving both of yield and ee of final products.
Ethynylphosphonamidates for the Rapid and Cysteine‐Selective Generation of Efficacious Antibody–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Kasper Marc‐André , Stengl Andreas , Ochtrop Philipp , Gerlach Marcus , Stoschek Tina , Schumacher Dominik , Helma Jonas , Penkert Martin , Krause Eberhard , Leonhardt Heinrich , Hackenberger Christian P. R.
Published: June 2019

Requirements for novel bioconjugation reactions for the synthesis of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are exceptionally high, since conjugation selectivity as well as the stability and hydrophobicity of linkers and payloads drastically influence the performance and safety profile of the final product. We report Cys‐selective ethynylphosphonamidates as new reagents for the rapid generation of efficacious ADCs from native non‐engineered monoclonal antibodies through a simple one‐pot reduction and alkylation. Ethynylphosphonamidates can be easily substituted with hydrophilic residues, giving rise to electrophilic labeling reagents with tunable solubility properties. We demonstrate that ethynylphosphonamidate‐linked ADCs have excellent properties for next‐generation antibody therapeutics in terms of serum stability and in vivo antitumor activity.
Engineered Peptide Macrocycles Can Inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases with High Selectivity
Authors: Maola Khan , Wilbs Jonas , Touati Jeremy , Sabisz Michal , Kong Xu‐Dong , Baumann Alice , Deyle Kaycie , Heinis Christian
Published: June 2019

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc‐dependent endopeptidases at the intersection of health and disease due to their involvement in processes such as tissue repair and immunity as well as cancer and inflammation. Because of the high structural conservation in the catalytic domains and shallow substrate binding sites, selective, small‐molecule inhibitors of MMPs have remained elusive. In a tour‐de‐force peptide engineering approach combining phage‐display selections, rational design of enhanced zinc chelation, and d‐amino acid screening, we succeeded in developing a first synthetic MMP‐2 inhibitor that combines high potency (Ki=1.9±0.5 nm), high target selectivity, and proteolytic stability, and thus fulfills all the required qualities for in cell culture and in vivo application. Our work suggests that selective MMP inhibition is achievable with peptide macrocycles and paves the way for developing specific inhibitors for application as chemical probes and potentially therapeutics.
Pentafluor(aryl)‐λ6‐tellane und Tetrafluor(aryl)(trifluormethyl)‐λ6‐tellane: von SF5‐ zu den TeF5‐ und TeF4CF3‐Gruppen
Authors: Bornemann Dustin , Pitts Cody Ross , Ziegler Carmen J. , Pietrasiak Ewa , Trapp Nils , Küng Sebastian , Santschi Nico , Togni Antonio
Published: June 2019

Die TeF5‐Gruppe ist, trotz ihrer Eigenschaft als leichteres Analogon zur SF5‐Gruppe, als hochfluorierter Substituent an aromatischen Systemen kaum erforscht. Bislang kennt man nur eine Aryl‐TeF5‐Verbindung, die mithilfe von XeF2 synthetisiert wurde. Hier widmen wir uns diesem Problem unter Einsatz unseres kürzlich entwickelten TCICA/KF‐Systems für oxidative Polyfluorierungen, bieten damit eine Alternative zu XeF2 und beschreiben erstmals eine Reihe ausgiebig untersuchter Aryl‐TeF5‐Verbindungen inklusive kristallographischer Daten. Das System konnte um die Synthese und strukturelle Untersuchung bisher unbekannter Aryl‐TeF4CF3‐Verbindungen erweitert werden. Ebenfalls haben erste Reaktivitätsstudien einige Widersprüche zu früheren Berichten über Phenyl‐TeF5 aufgedeckt. Auch wenn unsere Untersuchungen bestätigen, dass Aren‐basiertes TeF5 nicht so stabil wie die SF5‐Gruppe ist, zeigen sie dennoch eine deutlich höhere Stabilität der TeF5‐Gruppe, als bisherige Berichte vermuten ließen, was die Erforschung neuer Anwendungen dieses Fragments ermöglicht.
Nickel(II) Schiff base complex supported on nano‐titanium dioxide: A novel straightforward route for preparation of supported Schiff base complexes applying 2,4‐toluenediisocyanate
Authors: Amoozadeh Ali , Tabrizian Elham , Shahjoee Saeedeh
Published: July 2019

For the first time, a novel, straightforward and inexpensive route for immobilization of metals in Schiff base complex form is reported applying 2,4‐toluenediisocyanate as a precursor of primary amine group. A nickel(II) Schiff base complex supported on nano‐TiO2 was designed and synthesized as an effective heterogeneous nanocatalyst for organic reactions, and well characterized using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The catalytic efficiency of the complex was evaluated in selective oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide by hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant under solvent‐free conditions at room temperature, which successfully resulted in high yield and high conversion of products. Effective factors including solvent type, oxidant and catalyst amount were also optimized. The catalyst shows outstanding reusability and could be impressively recovered for six consecutive cycles without significant change of its catalytic efficiency.
Magnetic apple seed starch functionalized with 2,2′‐furil as a green host for cobalt nanoparticles: Highly active and reusable catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck and the Suzuki–Miyaura reactions
Authors: Arghan Maryam , Koukabi Nadiya , Kolvari Eskandar
Published: July 2019

From the perspective of green chemistry, in catalytic systems, being low cost and eco‐friendly, in addition to high chemical and thermal stability, are requirements of support materials. In this regard, we used apple seed starch as an accessible, nontoxic, and cost‐effective support material. In order to take advantage of magnetic separation, the magnetite nanoparticles were chosen as an ideal pair for apple seed starch. Furthermore, during the Schiff base reaction, the magnetic apple seed starch was functionalized with 2,2′‐furil along with amine functionality to be used as a bio‐support for immobilization of cobalt. The introduction of cobalt had a significant effect on the greenness of the catalyst and reducing its price. FT‐IR, TGA, XRD, FE‐SEM, TEM, VSM, ninhydrin test, element mapping, AAS, and EDX analysis were applied to characterize the newly prepared catalyst. The effectiveness of this novel Schiff base supported catalyst was evaluated in the Mizoroki–Heck and the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions. High reactivity and selectivity were among the most prominent characteristics of the catalyst as compared to previously reported catalysts. The longevity test and hot filtration showed the ability to use the catalyst at least 5 times and negligible cobalt leaching during the reaction, respectively. This work is the first report on the usage of apple seed starch as a supporting catalyst and 2,2′‐furil as a ligand in the catalyst modifications and catalytic activity. Accordingly, this can be the beginning of an attractive way in the design and synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts.
Trauma, fragmentation and narrative: Sandor Ferenczi's relevance for psychoanalytical perspectives on our response to climate change and environmental destruction
Authors: Bellamy Alan
Published: June 2019

Psychoanalytical perspectives on our responses to climate change and environmental destruction may be said to have begun with Harold Searles in 1972 and have gathered pace in recent years. All these explorations have in common a reliance on a set of conceptual ideas that were initially developed by Sandor Ferenczi, although he is rarely credited. Fully acknowledging of the extent of environmental destruction and climate change is seen as traumatic in these writings, and therefore, concepts that have been developed in working with patients traumatized by abuse have been found essential in trying to understand and describe our responses. This paper will show how Ferenczi's thinking about trauma and about the therapeutic relationship has influenced recent suggestions as to how a psychoanalytical perspective may help us to explore attitudes and beliefs and help others to fully acknowledge the seriousness of climate change and so change damaging behaviors.
Deletion of Mucosa‐Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Translocation Protein 1 in Mouse T Cells Protects Against Development of Autoimmune Arthritis but Leads to Spontaneous Osteoporosis
Authors: Gilis Elisabeth , Gaublomme Djoere , Staal Jens , Venken Koen , Dhaenens Maarten , Lambrecht Stijn , Coudenys Julie , Decruy Tine , Schryvers Nadia , Driege Yasmine , Dumas Emilie , Demeyer Annelies , De Muynck Amélie , van Hengel Jolanda , Van Hoorebeke Luc , Deforce Dieter , Beyaert Rudi , Elewaut Dirk
Published: July 2019

Objective

Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT‐1) plays a crucial role in innate and adaptive immune signaling by modulating the threshold for activation of immune cells, including Treg cells. Therefore, MALT‐1 is regarded to be an interesting therapeutic target in several immune‐mediated diseases. The goal of this study was to examine the role of MALT‐1 in experimental animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

MALT‐1 activation was assessed by measuring cleavage of the deubiquitinase CYLD in lymphocytes from mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). Furthermore, the impact of MALT‐1 deficiency on arthritis was evaluated in Malt1KO mice with CIA or with collagen antibody–induced arthritis (CAIA). T cell–specific MALT‐1 deficiency was measured in mice with deletion of T cell–specific MALT‐1 (Malt1TcellKO ), and the time‐dependent effects of MALT‐1 deficiency were assessed in mice with deletion of tamoxifen‐inducible T cell–specific MALT‐1 (Malt1iTcellKO). Bone density was determined in MALT‐1–deficient mice using micro–computed tomography and femur‐bending tests. Reconstitution of Treg cells was performed using adoptive transfer experiments.

Results

MALT‐1 activation was observed in the lymphocytes of mice with CIA. T cell–specific MALT‐1 deletion in the induction phase of arthritis (incidence of arthritis, 25% in control mice versus 0% in Malt1iTcellKO mice; P < 0.05), but not in the effector phase of arthritis, completely protected mice against the development of CIA. Consistent with this finding, MALT‐1 deficiency had no impact on CAIA, an effector phase model of RA. Finally, mice with MALT‐1 deficiency showed a spontaneous decrease in bone density (mean ± SEM trabecular thickness, 46.3 ± 0.7 μm in control mice versus 40 ± 1.1 μm in Malt1KO mice; P < 0.001), which was linked to the loss of Treg cells in these mice.

Conclusion

Overall, these data in murine models of RA highlight MALT‐1 as a master regulator of T cell activation, which is relevant to the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis. Furthermore, these findings show that MALT‐1 deficiency can lead to spontaneous osteoporosis, which is associated with impaired Treg cell numbers.
Meta-analysis of the role of colonoscopy after an episode of left-sided acute diverticulitis
Authors: Rottier S J , Dijk S T , Geloven A A W , Schreurs W H , Draaisma W A , Enst W A , Puylaert J B C M , Boer M G J , Klarenbeek B R , Otte J A , Felt R J F , Boermeester M A
Published: July 2019

Background

Routine colonoscopy was traditionally recommended after acute diverticulitis to exclude coexistent malignancy. Improved CT imaging may make routine colonoscopy less required over time but most guidelines still recommend it. The aim of this review was to assess the role of colonoscopy in patients with CT-proven acute diverticulitis.

Methods

PubMed and Embase were searched for studies reporting the prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) or colorectal carcinoma in patients who underwent colonoscopy within 1 year after CT-proven left-sided acute diverticulitis. The prevalence was pooled using a random-effects model and, if possible, compared with that among asymptomatic controls.

Results

Seventeen studies with 3296 patients were included. The pooled prevalence of ACN was 6·9 (95 per cent c.i. 5·0 to 9·4) per cent and that of colorectal carcinoma was 2·1 (1·5 to 3·1) per cent. Only two studies reported a comparison with asymptomatic controls, showing comparable risks (risk ratio 1·80, 95 per cent c.i. 0·66 to 4·96). In subgroup analysis of patients with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis, the prevalence of colorectal carcinoma was only 0·5 (0·2 to 1·2) per cent.

Conclusion

Routine colonoscopy may be omitted in patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis if CT imaging is otherwise clear. Patients with complicated disease or ongoing symptoms should undergo colonoscopy.
Relationship between surgeons and industry
Authors: Jayne D G
Published: July 2019

Vital and evolving
The future of scientific publishing
Authors: Sarr M G
Published: July 2019

Open access for all?
Hypercalcemia related to cholangiocellular carcinoma
Authors: Onalan Erhan
Published: July 2019

Patients with malignancies may develop hypercalcemia due to bone metastases or paraneoplastic reasons. Hepatocellular cancer should be considered in liver masses detected in chronic viral hepatitis B patients with delta agents. However, in our case, we detected cholangiocellular carcinoma in the etiology of hypercalcemia.
Increasing the use of active surveillance for prostate cancer in younger men
Authors: Fang Andrew M. , Glaser Zachary A. , Rais‐Bahrami Soroush
Published: June 2019

It remains unclear what the optimum management strategy is for young men with low‐risk prostate cancer. The authors address the increasing role, safety, and acceptance of active surveillance as a management option for these younger patients.
Reflecting on survivorship outcomes to aid initial decision making in patients treated for IDH‐mutated anaplastic glioma
Authors: Back Michael F. , Jayamanne Dasantha , Back Elizabeth , Kastelan Marina , Khasraw Mustafa , Wong Matthew , Brown Christopher , Wheeler Helen
Published: June 2019

Background

Patients with anaplastic glioma (AG) harboring an isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation have potential durable survival after intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and chemotherapy. Understanding long‐term functioning, and the factors that have an impact on later effects, is important for decision making.

Methods

Consecutive patients with AG who received IMRT were reviewed with regard to 6 survivorship domains, including Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, Medical Research Council (MRC) neurological status, late toxicity, comorbidity, functional status (employment/driving), and psychosocial events. Assessments were performed at baseline before RT; at month +6; and at years +1, +3, and +5 after RT. The primary endpoints were ECOG at year +3 and employment at year +3.

Results

A total of 146 patients were included, with a median follow‐up of 5.1 years. The 6‐year overall survival rate was 78.7% (95% CI, 71.1%‐87.0%). Baseline ECOG performance status was 0 to 1 in 82.2% of patients but improved at year +1 (95.7%) and year +3 (97.2%). Employment rates at year +3 and year +5 were 70.1% and 76.5%, respectively, compared with 61.6% at baseline. Worse ECOG performance status at year +3 was related to the anaplastic astrocytoma subtype (P = .001), delayed RT (P = .081), multiple craniotomies performed before RT (P = .002), worse ECOG performance status before RT (P < .001), worse MRC neurological status before RT (P < .001), seizures (P = .038), neurocognitive disturbance (P < .001), and the presence of recurrent disease (P = .004). Absent or impaired employment at year +3 was found to be related to older age (P = .007), delayed timing of RT (P = .023), multiple craniotomies prior to RT (P = .005), worse ECOG performance status before RT (P < .001), worse MRC neurological status before RT (P < .001), and neurocognitive disturbance (P < .001).

Conclusions

Patients with AG with an isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation have the potential for prolonged survival. Functional status appears to be good in patients who are free of disease progression at 3 to 5 years after IMRT, with >95% of patients having high ECOG performance status and >75% being employed.
Dechlorinated Ullmann Coupling Reaction of Aryl Chlorides on Ag(111): A Combined STM and XPS Study
Authors: Dai Jingxin , Zhao Wenhui , Xing Lingbo , Shang Jian , Ju Huanxin , Zhou Xiong , Liu Jing , Chen Qiwei , Wang Yongfeng , Zhu Junfa , Wu Kai
Published: June 2019

Surface‐assisted Ullmann coupling was widely applied to construct various molecular nanostructures on surfaces due to its reliability and controllability. By using 4,4′′‐dichloro‐1,1′:3′,1′′‐terphenyl (DCTP) as the precursor, covalently bonded zig‐zag oligophenylene chains and hexagonal hyperbenzene rings, e. g., [18]‐honeycombenes, were successfully fabricated on Ag(111) via dechlorinated Ullmann coupling reaction. Stepwise annealing was applied to investigate the reaction process in detail. Scanning tunneling microscopy and synchrotron X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy were utilized to explore the thermal evolution of the DCTP molecules on Ag(111) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, evidencing the existence of intact DCTP molecules, chemisorbed Cl atoms, covalently bonded DCTP dimers as well as organometallic C−Ag−C‐containing intermediates. These results may help understand dechlorinated Ullmann coupling reaction of aryl chlorides on metal surfaces.
Xenogeneic collagen matrix versus connective tissue graft for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: AlSarhan Mohammed A. , Al Jasser Reham , Tarish Mohammad Abdullah , AlHuzaimi Anas I. , Alzoman Hamad
Published: July 2019

A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to understand the efficacy of xenogeneic collagen matrix (CMX) compared with connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions (MAGRs). A literature search was performed for published randomized controlled trials in adult patients (≥18 years old) with Multiple Adjacent Miller class I and II gingival recessions (MAGRs). The assessments included recession depth, Recession width, complete root coverage, mean root coverage, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and keratinized tissue width. Pooled data were analyzed using fixed‐ and random‐effects models, and Forest plots were constructed. Heterogeneity within studies was calculated to assess publication bias. Four randomized controlled trials were included based on the eligibility criteria. Although the recession depth, complete root coverage, and mean root coverage were significantly lower with CMX (p = .017 and p = .001, p = .001, respectively), there was no statistically significant difference in the Recession width between CMX and CTG (p = .203). CMX showed significantly lower Probing Depth than CTG (p = .023); however, no significant difference in clinical attachment level (p = .060) and keratinized tissue width (p = .052) was observed between the groups. Owing to the heterogeneity in the included studies, firm conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the noninferiority of CMX compared with CTG. Long‐term studies are therefore needed to conclusively establish the relative efficacy of CMX in MAGR.
Metallic‐State SnS2 Nanosheets with Expanded Lattice Spacing for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Xiao , Chen Shan‐Liang , Fan Hai‐Ning , Chen Xiao‐Hua , Yuan Dingwang , Tang Qunli , Hu Aiping , Luo Wen‐Bin , Liu Hua‐Kun
Published: July 2019

Metallic‐state 2D SnS2 nanosheets with expanded lattice spacing and a defect‐rich structure were synthesized by the intercalation of Ni into the van der Waals gap of SnS2. The expanded lattice spacing efficiently enhanced the electrochemical performance of the SnS2 for sodium‐ion batteries owing to the change electron state density and energy band structure. In operando synchrotron XRD and theoretical calculations were used to gain insight into the influence of foreign metal‐ion doping and its location. The optimized architecture obtained by in situ uniform growth of nanosheets on carbon fibers significantly enhanced the electrochemical performance. The inherent advantages of this architecture are shorter paths for ion insertion and extraction, larger contact area for more sodium diffusion pathways, and superior electrolyte penetration. Benefiting from the Ni intercalated SnS2 bilayer, the internal adjustment of the electronic state and the enlarged interlayer spacing significantly enhanced the electron transport kinetics, which can be explained by the metallic‐state properties. The integrated electrode exhibited an initial high reversible capacity of 795 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, with a stable capacity retention of 666 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Good rate capability was also exhibited with specific capacities of 691, 564, 437 mAh g−1 at current densities of 200, 500, and 1000 mA g−1, respectively.
Interest of adjusting urine cannabinoids to creatinine level to monitor cannabis cessation therapy in heavy smokers with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Duflot Thomas , Vasse Marianne , Guillerme Jennifer , Schrapp Aurélien , Mory Celine , Imbert Laurent , Djerada Zoubir , Protais Yves , Guillin Olivier , Goetz Hélène , Lamoureux Fabien
Published: July 2019

Up to 25% of hospitalized patients in a psychiatric department exhibit troubles linked to cannabis use. Weaning patients with psychiatric disorders off drugs of abuse requires specific care to improve their clinical outcome. The present study aims to develop a predictive model of urinary excretion of creatinine‐normalized cannabinoids (UCNC) and to determine UCNC thresholds corresponding to the widely used cut‐offs of 20 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL for cannabinoids. One hundred thirty‐two patients with 452 urine samples were included between 2013 and 2017. Urinary cannabinoids and UCNC elimination curves were computed for each patient. Using a mono‐exponential mixed effect model with 88 samples from 26 subjects exhibiting at least 3 decreasing UCNC in a row, the average calculated elimination rate constant was 0.0108 ± 0.0026 h−1, corresponding to a mean elimination half‐life of 64 ± 12 hours. The use of UCNC is of particular interest because of a high inter‐ and intra‐individual variability of urinary creatinine concentration (from 0.06 to 3.81 mg/mL). Moreover, UCNC allows for the detection of diluted or concentrated urine specimens that may lead to false positive (FP) or false negative (FN) results. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess UCNC thresholds of 32.4 and 124.7 ng/mg that provide a strong discrimination between positive and negative samples for cannabinoids cut‐offs of 20 and 50 ng/mL respectively. The developed model and the defined UCNC thresholds allowed for the accurate prediction of the time needed to reach a negative UCNC result that could be used by clinicians to optimize clinical care.
Differential gene expression analysis of symbiotic and aposymbiotic Exaiptasia anemones under immune challenge with Vibrio coralliilyticus
Authors: Roesel Charles L. , Vollmer Steven V.
Published: July 2019

Anthozoans are a class of Cnidarians that includes scleractinian corals, anemones, and their relatives. Despite a global rise in disease epizootics impacting scleractinian corals, little is known about the immune response of this key group of invertebrates. To better characterize the anthozoan immune response, we used the model anemone Exaiptasia pallida to explore the genetic links between the anthozoan–algal symbioses and immunity in a two‐factor RNA‐Seq experiment using both symbiotic and aposymbiotic (menthol‐bleached) Exaiptasia pallida exposed to the bacterial pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. Multivariate and univariate analyses of Exaiptasia gene expression demonstrated that exposure to live Vibrio coralliilyticus had strong and significant impacts on transcriptome‐wide gene expression for both symbiotic and aposymbiotic anemones, but we did not observe strong interactions between symbiotic state and Vibrio exposure. There were 4,164 significantly differentially expressed (DE) genes for Vibrio exposure, 1,114 DE genes for aposymbiosis, and 472 DE genes for the additive combinations of Vibrio and aposymbiosis. KEGG enrichment analyses identified 11 pathways—involved in immunity (5), transport and catabolism (4), and cell growth and death (2)—that were enriched due to both Vibrio and/or aposymbiosis. Immune pathways showing strongest differential expression included complement, coagulation, nucleotide‐binding, and oligomerization domain (NOD), and Toll for Vibrio exposure and coagulation and apoptosis for aposymbiosis.
Quaternary climate change and habitat preference shaped the genetic differentiation and phylogeography of Rhodiola sect. Prainia in the southern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Zi‐Meng , Meng Shi‐Yong , Rao Guang‐Yuan
Published: July 2019

There are two long‐standing biogeographic hypotheses regarding the glacial survival of plant species in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP): the in situ survival hypothesis and the tabula rasa hypothesis. We tested these two hypotheses in a phylogeographic study of Rhodiola sect. Prainia, a monophyletic section with ecologically divergent lineages. Molecular data from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer, six plastid markers and 13 nuclear microsatellite loci were analyzed for 240 individuals from 19 populations of this section. Environmental data were used to analyze the niches of major phylogenetic lineages within this section and to model changes in their distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We found that Rhodiola sect. Prainia consists of three evolutionary lineages: all populations of R. stapfii, R. prainii populations at the southern edge of the QTP, and R. prainii populations in the interior part of the QTP. During the LGM, the survival of R. prainii in the interior part of the QTP corresponded with the in situ survival hypothesis, while R. stapfii most probably survived the LGM in a manner corresponding with the tabula rasa hypothesis. The evolutionary history of different lineages of this section was shaped by topography, climate change, and lineage‐specific habitat preferences.
Decoupled above‐ and belowground responses to multi‐decadal nitrogen and phosphorus amendments in two tundra ecosystems
Authors: McLaren Jennie R. , Buckeridge Kate M.
Published: July 2019

Global change in the Arctic promotes deeper soil thaw and enhanced soil microbial activity, increasing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability to plants and microbes in strongly nutrient‐limited ecosystems. This critical, positive climate feedback has been examined through fertilization experiments that describe short‐term (<10 yr) above‐ or belowground responses to combinedNPadditions, with evidence of enhanced shrub growth, nutrient availability, and soil organic matter decomposition. There has been less opportunity for long‐term comparisons of both above‐ and belowground responses with factorial N and P additions in different systems, despite broad awareness that ecosystem response can shift with time, and the potential for decoupled above‐ vs. belowground or N vs. P responses, currently and with further predicted global change. We examined the response of the plants, soil microbes, and soil nutrients, to factorial N and P additions in the moist acidic tundra (MAT; 26 yr of nutrient additions) and moist non‐acidic tundra (MNT; 16 yr). Aboveground, theMATplant community continues to change as predicted by earlier studies: Functional groups responded independently to N and P, butNDVI‐biomass, especially ofBetula nana,only increased with N addition. Unlike shorter‐termMNTstudies, theMNTvegetation, which does not includeB. nana, shows few new fertilization responses. Belowground responses were not predicted by aboveground responses in eitherMATorMNT. In contrast to the N response aboveground,MATmicrobial biomass responded positively and microbial phosphatase activity negatively to P additions, implying possible release from microbial P limitation. Critically, earlier published results of declines in soil total carbon (C) with combinedNPaddition in theMATare not present in the long term. We make two conclusions: (1) Arctic ecosystems are not universally N‐limited but also exhibit complex responses to P alone or in combination with N; and (2) the presence or absence of key vegetation species can cascade from aboveground to belowground and restrict the extrapolation of responses of nutrient addition in a single arctic ecosystem to other arctic ecosystems, the short‐term to the long term, or aboveground to belowground.
Pyrolysis and combustion characteristics and kinetics of wood sawdust and wood sawdust hydrochar
Authors: Kabakcı Sibel Başakçılardan
Published: July 2019

This study compares the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics with the kinetics of wood sawdust and its hydrochar. Wood sawdust hydrochar was obtained by the hydrothermal treatment of wood sawdust (biomass/water: 1 g/4 mL) at 220°C, where the residence time was set as 90 min. After hydrothermal carbonization, carbon content and heating value were both increased by 14%. Pyrolysis and combustion of wood sawdust and its hydrochar were performed by thermogravimetric analysis at 10, 20, 30, and 40°C/min. Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) method, Friedman method, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method, and Kissinger method were used for analyzing the pyrolysis data. For combustion, only KAS and FWO methods were used to determine the kinetic parameters. As compared to wood sawdust pyrolysis, average activation energy of hydrochar pyrolysis was lower (150.36 kJ/mol by using KAS method, 153.05 kJ/mol by using FWO method). Based on mean activation energies, pyrolysis reaction of hydrochar was more favorable than its combustion. In combustion, average activation energy of hydrochar combustion reaction was higher; indicating that combustion of wood sawdust was more favorable.
Eating Disorder‐15 (ED‐15): Factor structure, psychometric properties, and clinical validation
Authors: Rodrigues Tânia , Vaz Ana R. , Silva Cátia , Conceição Eva , Machado Paulo P.P.
Published: July 2019

Objective

The purpose of the current study was to explore the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Eating Disorder‐15 (ED‐15), as well as to establish cutoff scores and normative data for the Portuguese version.

Methods

Participants from a nonclinical sample (N = 860) and an eating disorders clinical sample (N = 260) were invited to complete a set of questionnaires, including the Portuguese version of the ED‐15.

Results

The first‐order two‐factor structure originally proposed by the ED‐15 authors was endorsed through a confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/df = 2.610; standardized root‐mean‐square residual = 0.0325; root‐mean‐square error of approximation = 0.079; Tucker–Lewis index/goodness‐of‐fit index/incremental fit index > 0.95). Items revealed adequate construct validity (λ = .54–.90; R2 = .29–.81). The ED‐15 revealed excellent internal consistency (α = .91) and temporal stability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .92; 95% CI [.84–.95]). Normative data for the ED‐15 were provided. The ED‐15 demonstrated acceptable concurrent and convergent validity. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the ED‐15 total score accurately discriminates between participants with and without an eating disorder (area under de curve = .80; SE = .017; p ≤ .001; 95% CI [.766–.834]). A cutoff score for clinical significance and a reliable change index were computed.

Conclusions

The Portuguese version of the ED‐15 is a reliable and valid measure of eating psychopathology and symptoms, whenever a brief measure is needed, as in session‐by‐session assessment of therapy progress and outcome.
Complex kame belt morphology, stratigraphy and architecture
Authors: Lovell Harold , Livingstone Stephen J. , Boston Clare M. , Booth Adam D. , Storrar Robert D. , Barr Iestyn D.
Published: July 2019

The development of glacier karst at the margins of melting ice sheets produces complex glaciofluvial sediment‐landform assemblages that provide information on ice sheet downwasting processes. We present the first combined geomorphological, sedimentological and geophysical investigation of the Brampton Kame Belt, an important glaciofluvial depositional zone at the centre of the last British‐Irish Ice Sheet. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data allow the broad scale internal architecture of ridges (eskers) and flat‐topped hills (ice‐walled lake plains) to be determined at four sites. In combination with sediment exposures, these provide information on lateral and vertical variations in accretion styles, depositional boundaries, and grain size changes. Building on existing work on the subject, we propose a refined model for the formation of ice‐walled lake plains resulting from the evolution and collapse of major drainage axes into lakes as stable glacier karst develops during deglaciation. The internal structure of esker ridges demonstrates variations in sedimentation that can be linked to differences in ridge morphologies across the kame belt. This includes low energy flow conditions and multiple accretion phases identified within large S‐N oriented esker ridges; and fluctuating water pressures, hyperconcentrated flows, and significant deformation within a fragmented SW–NE oriented esker ridge. In combination with updated geomorphological mapping, this work allows us to identify two main styles of drainage within the kame belt: (1) major drainage axes aligned broadly S‐N that extend through the entire kame belt and collapsed into a chain of ice‐walled lakes; and (2) a series of smaller, fragmented SW–NE aligned esker ridges that represent ice‐marginal drainage as the ice sheet receded south‐eastwards up the Vale of Eden. Our study demonstrates the importance of integrated geomorphological, sedimentological and geophysical investigations in order to understand complex and polyphase glaciofluvial sediment‐landform assemblages. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐precision magnetoencephalography for reconstructing amygdalar and hippocampal oscillations during prediction of safety and threat
Authors: Tzovara Athina , Meyer Sofie S. , Bonaiuto James J. , Abivardi Aslan , Dolan Raymond J. , Barnes Gareth R. , Bach Dominik R.
Published: July 2019

Learning to associate neutral with aversive events in rodents is thought to depend on hippocampal and amygdala oscillations. In humans, oscillations underlying aversive learning are not well characterised, largely due to the technical difficulty of recording from these two structures. Here, we used high‐precision magnetoencephalography (MEG) during human discriminant delay threat conditioning. We constructed generative anatomical models relating neural activity with recorded magnetic fields at the single‐participant level, including the neocortex with or without the possibility of sources originating in the hippocampal and amygdalar structures. Models including neural activity in amygdala and hippocampus explained MEG data during threat conditioning better than exclusively neocortical models. We found that in both amygdala and hippocampus, theta oscillations during anticipation of an aversive event had lower power compared to safety, both during retrieval and extinction of aversive memories. At the same time, theta synchronisation between hippocampus and amygdala increased over repeated retrieval of aversive predictions, but not during safety. Our results suggest that high‐precision MEG is sensitive to neural activity of the human amygdala and hippocampus during threat conditioning and shed light on the oscillation‐mediated mechanisms underpinning retrieval and extinction of fear memories in humans.
Comment on "Ipsilateral neck radiotherapy in N2b well‐lateralized tonsil cancer—Approach with caution"
Authors: McDowell Lachlan , Corry June
Published: June 2019

See article on page 3470–3471, in this issue
How Specific Is Site-Specific? A Review and Guidance for Selecting and Evaluating Approaches for Deriving Local Water Quality Benchmarks
Authors: van Dam Rick A , Hogan Alicia C , Harford Andrew J , Humphrey Chris L
Published: July 2019

Existing prescriptive guidance on the derivation of local water quality benchmarks (WQBs; e.g., guideline values, criteria, standards) for protecting aquatic ecosystems is limited to only 3 to 4 specific approaches. These approaches do not represent the full suite available for deriving local WQBs for multiple types of water quality–related issues. The general lack of guidance is inconsistent with the need for, and benefits of, local WQBs, and can constrain the appropriate selection and subsequent evaluation of derivation approaches. Consequently, the defensibility of local WQBs may not be commensurate with the nature of the issues for which they are derived. Moreover, where local WQBs are incorporated into regulatory requirements, the lack of guidance presents a potential risk to the derivation of appropriate WQBs and the achievement of desired environmental outcomes. This review addresses the deficiency in guidance by 1) defining local WQBs and outlining initial considerations for deciding if one is required; 2) summarizing the existing regulatory context; 3) summarizing existing guidance and identifying gaps; 4) describing strengths, weaknesses, and potential applications of a range of derivation approaches based on laboratory and/or field data; and 5) presenting a conceptual framework for appropriately selecting and evaluating a derivation approach to best suit the need. The guidance incorporates an existing set of guiding principles for deriving local WQBs and reinforces an existing categorization of site-adapted and site-specific WQBs. The conceptual framework recognizes the need to strike an appropriate balance between effort and ecological risk and, thus, embeds the concept of fit-for-purpose by considering both the significance of the issue being assessed and the extent to which the approach provides confidence that the ecosystem will be appropriately protected. The guidance can be used by industry, regulators, and others for both the a priori selection and the post hoc evaluation of appropriate approaches for deriving local WQBs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:683–702. © 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).