bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The nature of G. Kelsen's legal views
Authors: Gorban Vladimir Sergeevich , Gruzdev Vladimir Sergeevich
Published: November 2023

The article examines the legal ideas of the Austrian lawyer H. Kelsen, which became a significant milestone in the history of legal thought in the second half of the twentieth century and remain relevant for the modern theory of state and law. The interest in H. Kelsen's ideas is conditioned by both substantive moments and reasons related to ensuring a proper understanding of the nature and place of his legal teaching in the history of political and legal thought. Along with the scientific and cognitive significance of his work for the modern theory of state and law, it is nevertheless accompanied by numerous inaccuracies, ideological distortions and falsifications. The article shows that the research of H. Kelsen only continues the long tradition of "pure" teachings on law, largely reproduces the previously known and quite popular ideas of their predecessors. It is not at all a source for the modern theory of law, as is often stated in the scientific literature, but only demonstrates the possibilities of a certain development of legal understanding and ways of knowing law based on a combination of the traditions of Kantianism ("pure doctrines of law"), neo-positivism, interpretation as an explicit problem of philosophy. The research methodology is based on special methods of studying political and legal doctrines, including source analysis, linguistic analysis of foreign texts, comparison.
Intra-articular Lipoma in Posterior Compartment of Knee Joint: A Case Report
Authors: Perumal R Sundara Raja , Natarajan Shriram , Aiyappan Senthil Kumar
Published: November 2023

Lipomas are the most common benign soft tissue tumors, occurring in almost any part of the body and prevalent in 2% of the population. The occurrence of intra-articular lipoma is rare and mostly documented in the anterior compartment of the knee joint, like the Hoffman pad of fat and suprapatellar region. The incidence of intra-articular lipoma in the posterior compartment of the knee joint is very rare. Herein, the authors presented a case report of a 21-year-old female with a history of chronic intermittent left knee joint pain for the last two years. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a well-defined, encapsulated lesion that was hyperintense on T1/ T2 images and hypointense on, located in the intercondylar notch, anterior to the proximal half of the posterior cruciate ligament, and closely abutting the ligament. Computed Tomography (CT) showed a fat density lesion (-82 to -93 HU), indicating a lipomatous lesion. The patient underwent laparoscopic removal of this lesion, and histopathology confirmed the fatty nature of the lesion.
Willingness to Know about Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status in Healthcare Personnel and General Public at a Tertiary Healthcare Centre, North Bangalore, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chaitra R , Sharvani R , . Hemavathi
Published: November 2023

Introduction: India is a country with a high Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence rate. To accomplish the target of UNAIDS 95-95-95 by 2030, individuals should know their HIV status to achieve the first 95, which means 95% of Persons Living With HIV (PLWH) worldwide should know their diagnosis, for which testing is a must. Aim: To know the willingness for HIV infection testing among Healthcare Personnel (HCP) and the General Public (GP). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, North Bangalore, Karnataka, India between June 2019 and September 2019. Convenient sampling was done which included 200 subjects (100 HCP and 100 GP). Demographic data such as name, age, sex, address, education status, occupation, and habits were collected, followed by knowing their willingness to get tested for HIV along with the barriers for not being willing to undergo the HIV test. Tests were performed following the standard National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) guidelines for those subjects who were willing to know their HIV status. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0, and the results were expressed in the form of frequency or percentage. Results: Among the 200 subjects who consented to participate in this study, only 39 HCPs (39%) and two GPs (2%) were willing to get tested in order to know their HIV status. Among the 41 individuals who got tested according to NACO guidelines, none tested positive for HIV. The barriers for not being willing to know their HIV status among the 61 HCPs were “it’s not a necessary test” 56 (91.8%), and the remaining 5 (8.2%) stated that the test was not necessary after 50 years of age. Among the 98 GPs, the barriers were “no symptoms or health problems” as cited by 35 (35.8%), followed by “will get tested only on doctor’s advice” 27 (27.6%), and other factors. Conclusion: In this study, the willingness to know their HIV status was found to be very low, especially among GPs, and less than 50% among HCPs. The barriers for not being willing to know their HIV status raise concerns for policymakers to reformulate policies in order to achieve the United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) target of 95-95-95 by 2030.
Immediate and Short-Term Results of Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty from Neonates to Grown Up Children with Critical Pulmonary Stenosis: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in Bangladesh
Authors: Rima Rezoana , Munshi Abu Sayeed , Jabbar Abdul , Khan Md. Khalid Ebne Shahid
Published: November 2023

Background: Although neonates present with critical pulmonary stenosis (PS) it is equally found in grown up children in developing country like Bangladesh. Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) is one of the most common catheter- based intervention. Transcatheter interventions in critical PS present unique challenges in Bangladesh due to unavailability of expert centre & hardware, cost of procedure, low weight and delayed diagnosis. Careful technique, proper planning & safety measures reduces the incidence of complications.

Objective: The study was undertaken to find out the immediate & mid-term outcome of critically ill neonates, infants, children, adolescent who needed emergency pulmonary valvuloplasty for critical PS.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the cardiac centre of Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute between June 2014 to June 2022. Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty done in 54 children having critical stenosis or membranous pulmonary atresia.  Clinical parameters, SPO2, echocardiographic data, cathlab data & outcome were recorded. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 24.

Results: Among these neonates were 6(11.8%), infants between 1 month to one year was 30(58.8%), from 1 year to 5 years 10(19.6%), more than 5 years 5(9.8%). Median weight was 6.5 kg; lowest weight was 1.96 kg. The peak systolic gradient reduced from an average of 66 ± 7 mm Hg to 16.5 ± 5 mm Hg (P value <0.05). No major complication occurred except mild PR, RV dysfunction, transient bradycardia. Two patients died due to sudden cardiac arrest after six hours of procedure. At 1 month follow up 12 patients had mild residual stenosis, 5 had moderate residual pulmonary stenosis and 2 had severe residual pulmonary stenosis. At 6 month follow up four patients had mild residual pulmonary stenosis & one had moderate pulmonary stenosis. Conclusion: Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty appears feasible, effective and relatively safe initial management & having encouraging immediate & short term results of critical pulmonary valve stenosis in the neonate to grown up children.
In vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Leaves of Jeffreycia zeylanica Using the Egg Albumin Denaturation Method and Human Red Blood Cell Stabilization Method
Authors: Samaraweera Thummini , Samaraweera Thumuli , Senadeera Nimesha N. , Ranaweera Chathuranga B.
Published: November 2023

Aims To investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous, methanol, dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane extracts of Jeffreycia zeylanica leaves extracts. In vitro protein (egg albumin) denaturation method and in vitro human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization methods were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extracts.

Methodology Plant leaves were collected, washed, air dried, and obtained crude plant material. Cold maceration was used to extract the plant materials. Aqueous, methanol, DCM, and hexane were used as solvents for maceration. Diclofenac sodium was used as the positive control for the evaluation.

Results In the egg albumin denaturation method, the positive control diclofenac sodium indicated an IC 50 value of 179.2 µg/ml and R2 of 0.9979. Similarly, hexane leaf extract suggested an IC 50 value of 154.9 µg/ml and R2 of 0.9114. P values for all the extracts were P<0.05 indicating that there’s a strong correlation between plant extract concentration and % inhibition of egg albumin denaturation. According to the IC 50 values and R2 value hexane extract indicated the highest potential anti-inflammatory activity. In the HRBC membrane stabilization method, the positive control diclofenac sodium indicated an IC 50 value of 77.05 µg/ml and R2 of 0.9929 similarly DCM leaf extract indicated an IC 50 value of 154.0 µg/ml and R2 of 0.9787. P values for all the extracts were P<0.05 indicating that there’s a strong correlation between plant extracts concentration and % protection of RBC membrane. According to the IC 50 values and R2 value DCM extract indicated the highest potential anti-inflammatory activity.

Conclusion Hexane leaf extract indicated the highest potential anti-inflammatory activity for the egg albumin denaturation method meanwhile DCM leaf extract indicated the highest potential anti-inflammatory activity for the HRBC membrane stabilization method, evidencing that nonpolar or less polar secondary metabolites of the plant leaves  can contribute more to the plant’s anti-inflammatory activity.
Occurrence, Distribution and Farmers' Perceptions of Cassava Diseases in Gabon, Central Africa
Authors: Armel Mouketou , Dyana Ndiade Bourobou , Armel Koumba Aubin , Clotilde Abessolo Meye , Claude Gnacadja , Roland Zinga Koumba Christophe , Hendrix Mbeng Ndong , Léotard Sima Owono Rochat , Nicaise Lepengué Alexis , François Mavoungou Jacques
Published: November 2023

Aims: In order to identify and assess the level of cassava diseases in farms present in Gabon, disease surveys were carried out across the country in 2021 and 2022.

Methodology: The method used is based on administration of questionnaire to cassava growers, supplemented by the recognition of disease symptoms on 30 randomly selected plants in farms.

Results: Some 201 cassava growers were interviewed, 84.04% (n=169) of them were women and 15.92% (n=32) men. Nearly 65.41% of the farmers interviewed had a primary school education and were aged between 51 and 55. The majority of these producers had farming as their main activity (89.73%). The results showed the occurrence of five cassava diseases in the study area: cassava mosaic (Im = 60.22%; Sm = 2.95), anthracnose (Im = 19.45%; Sm = 3), leaf necrosis (Im= 9.95%; Sm = 2.71), bacteriosis (Im = <1%; Sm = 3), and root rot (Im = <1%; Sm = 2.61). Among these diseases, mosaic was the most frequently observed in the provinces surveyed. Its incidence was lowest in Estuaire (38.40%) and highest in Ogooué-Ivindo (71.36%) and Ogooué-Maritime (71.76%). Anthracnose incidence was lowest in Moyen-Ogooué (4.05%) and highest in Haut-Ogooué (36.50%). For leaf necrosis, Woleu-Ntem (0.71%) and Ogooué-Ivindo (31.11%) recorded the lowest and highest incidence respectively.

Conclusion: In order to control these cassava diseases, it is important to initiate and implement awareness campaigns and training workshops for growers to encourage them to adopt good farming practices.
Exploring the Influence of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract on the Shelf Life of Ground Beef during Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Mwankunda Lucy J. , Nyamete Frida , Kilima Beatrice
Published: November 2023

Consumers nowadays are becoming more aware of the importance of using meat products containing safe and natural additives. Hence, using natural food additives to extend the shelf life of meat along with delaying microbial growth is important. Given the increasingly popular view of Moringa oleifera leaves as a traditional remedy a study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract on grounded meat. The study evaluated the physico-chemical, microbial, and organoleptic qualities of ground beef treated with, 0.5%1%, 1.5%, and 2% levels of aqueous solution of extract of drumstick (Moringa oleifera) leaves during refrigerated storage at 4 ◦C. The meat samples treated with 1.5% crude extract of drumstick leaves significantly (P<0.05) improved meat pH, juiciness, texture, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability scores as compared to control and other treated samples. Microbial load in terms of Aerobic Plate Count (APC) was found to be decreased significantly (P< 0.05) in treated samples which 2% treatment was more effective. The lightness (L*), redness (a*) yellowness (b*) values significantly decrease which 2% has decrease more. The pH of ground beef showed a slight increase during storage but Moringa extract does not significantly affect the pH of the meat.
Genome Sequencing in Field Crops: Unlocking Agricultural Potential
Authors: Gupta Rishabh , Verma Anuj Kumar , Yadav Harikant , Gupta Ajeet Kumar , Srivastava Aman , Singh Jay , Kumar Prem , Maurya Alok Kumar
Published: November 2023

Genome sequencing has revolutionized agriculture by providing crucial insights into the genetic make-up of field crops. This paper explores the importance of genome sequencing in unlocking the agricultural potential of various field crops. By sequencing the DNA of crops such as wheat, maize, rice, and soybean researchers are gain a comprehensive understanding of their genetic diversity, disease resistance and yield-enhancing traits. This knowledge enables the development of precision breeding strategies, leading to the creation of high-yielding, stress-tolerant and nutritionally enhanced crop varieties. In addition, genome sequencing is facilitating the identification of key genes involved in plant-microbe interactions and adaptation to environmental stressors. Such knowledge can inform sustainable agricultural practices, reduce chemical inputs and increase crop resilience in the face of climate change. This paper  highlights the transformative impact of genome sequencing on crop improvement, food security and global agricultural sustainability.
Application of Smart Farming Technologies in Sustainable Agriculture Development: A Comprehensive Review on Present Status and Future Advancements
Authors: Debangshi Udit , Sadhukhan Aishik , Dutta Darshan , Roy Sougata
Published: November 2023

The pressure on agricultural food production to produce high-quality and sustainable food has increased dramatically as a result of global urbanization, population growth and climate change. Food shortage and population expansion are two of the world's major challenges to long-term sustainable development. So, in recent years technological development such as smart farming has resulted substantial changes in the agricultural production allowing for 3rd green revolution and progression in farming methods. Smart farming (SF) is a method of agricultural production that integrates information and communication technologies to maximise resource efficiency. Smart farming technologies such as automated tractors, artificial agricultural intelligence (AAI), automated irrigation and weather forecasting, Internet of Things (IoT), kisan drones and remote sensing (GIS and GPS) can provide realistic solutions to the world's challenges. The accurate application of this technology in conjunction with the Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to be a beneficial for the farmers to improve their living standards through increased production and profit which is a good indicator for sustainable food security. However, due to lack of internet access, high costs and lack of application knowledge there are still barriers to the adaptation and conversion of smart farming. As a result, more research is needed in this area.
Adoption of Recommended Package of Practices of Chickpea Varieties (JG-11 and JAKI 9218) in Dharwad District of Karnataka, India
Authors: Reddy Shashank L. , Shree D. A. Nithya , Vineeth, H. T.  , Yamini Tadepalli
Published: November 2023

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is mainly a rabi season crop of India grown in diverse agroclimatic conditions under various cropping systems and a major pulse crop in Karnataka state. JG-11 and JAKI-9218 are two prominent chickpea varieties cultivated by farmers in Dharwad district along with Annigeri-1 (local variety). The study throws light on profile characteristics and level of adoption of recommended package of practices of the above chickpea varieties. The study was conducted in Dharwad, Navalgund and Kundagol taluks of Dharwad district of Karnataka state during 2020-21 with a sample of 135 chickpea farmers. “Ex-post facto” research design was employed for the study. The data was elicited through personal interview method. Nearly half (48.89 %) of chickpea farmers belonged to low adoption category of recommended chickpea package of practices followed by medium (36.30 %) and high (14.81 %) categories. The probable reasons for low to medium adoption of recommended practices because majority of the farmers are not aware of the recommended package of practices and also farmers expressed disbelief towards the recommended package of practices because if they practice other methods, they have a fear of losing the yield.
Study of the Most Suitable Combination of Intercropping Systems of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) with Chickpea, Lentil, Linseed and Field Pea
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Siddiqui M. Z. , Prajapati Sunil Kumar , Singh Shivendra , Kumar Adesh , Rawat Deepak Kumar
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Intercropping system enhances crop productivity and profitability by growing different species together on the same piece of land in distinct row combinations. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to study the most suitable combination of mustard based intercropping with different crops at students’ instructional farm, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) during Rabi season 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatment combinations viz., T1 Sole Mustard, T2 Mustard: Chickpea (1:1), T3 Mustard: Chickpea (2:1), T4 Mustard: Lentil (1:1), T5 Mustard: Lentil (2:1), T6 Mustard: Linseed (1:1), T7 Mustard: Linseed (2:1), T8 Mustard: Field Pea (1:1) and T9 Mustard: Field Pea (2:1) with replicated thrice. The results revealed that the significant impact of intercropping system on the growth, yield attributes, and overall yield of mustard when intercropped with chickpea, lentil, linseed, and pea. Plant population of intercrops showed non-significant differences, but at later stages, a 1:1 ratio consistently led to higher plant populations. Plant height, primary branches, and dry weight were generally higher in the 1:1 ratio compared to the 2:1 ratio in all intercrops. Yield attributes, including the number of pods or capsules and seeds per pod or capsule, favoured the 1:1 ratio. The highest yield was observed in the 1:1 ratio, contrasting with the minimum in the 2:1 ratio of mustard + intercrops. Overall, the 1:1 ratio demonstrated superior performance in terms of growth, yield attributes and yield, emphasizing the importance of intercrop ratio in optimizing crop growth and productivity.
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Studies in Diverse Genotypes of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Dwary Swarnendu , Dukpa Pinkey , Gaikwad Mohit , Thapa Umesh , Kumar Pushpendra , Yeasmin Samima
Published: November 2023

The present experiment was conducted utilizing sixteen diverse genotypes of tomato in the autumn-winter season of 2022-23 for assessing the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for different growth, reproductive and yield attributes. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all the genotypes for all the characters. High degree of genetic variability was observed for all the traits that showed the traits were suitable for selection for further breeding purposes. GCV was higher than PCV for all the characters under study.High PCV accompanied by high GCV was recorded for fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per plot (kg), number of clusters per plant, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of fruits per plant, locule number, average fruit weight (g), number of flower per cluster, however the difference between the PCV and GCV was paltry, which indicating the high contribution of genetic component in phenotypic expression of these characters that provide higher selection efficiency. High heritability along with low genetic advance was observed for, days to first flowering, days to first fruit setting, days to 50% flowering, fruit equatorial diameter (mm), polar diameter (mm), locule number, number of fruits/plantand fruit yield / plant (kg), whereas low heritability with  low genetic advance was revealed for pericarp thickness (mm) and no of primary branches/plant which suggests that these traits are highly influenced by the environmental effects and governed by the non-additive gene action, hence selection would not be effects for these particular traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance (GA) was recorded for average fruit weight (g) andplant height (cm) which indicates the presence of additive gene action; hence selection could be employed for these traits and provide the opportunity for higher selection response.
Effect of Intercropping and Crop Arrangement on Yield and Yield Components of Late Season Maize and Cowpea in the Upland of Njala Soil Series Southern Sierra Leone
Authors: Nyande Ashadu , George Melvin S. , Kassoh Fayia A. , Bah Alieu M.
Published: November 2023

A field study was conducted during the 2014 late cropping season (October) in the upland, at the School of Agriculture (SOA). SOA is located on an elevation of 5m above sea level on latitude 806N and longitude 1206W of the equator. The study aims to determine the effect of intercropping and crop arrangement on yield and yield component of late-season maize and cowpea production in the upland of Njala soil series, Kori chiefdom, Moyamba District, Southern Sierra Leone. The experiment had five treatments, sole maize crop, sole cowpea crop, intercrop 1 (spacing of 40 cm between rows of maize and cowpeas), intercrop 2 (spacing of 20cm between rows of maize and cowpeas), and intercrop 3 (Both crops were randomly planted). The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design and the experimental plots were replicated three times. There were significant differences in mean Fresh biomass weight, Leaf number, and Days to 50%. Sole maize yielded the highest maize grain weight, yield components, and other growth parameters (Plant height, Leaf area, Leaf number, and Stem girth).

Sole cowpea yielded the highest cowpea grain weight, yield components, and other growth parameters (Plant height, lateral branches, Leaf area, and Leaf number). Among the intercrops, intercrop 1 yielded the highest grain weight, yield components, and other growth parameters for intercrops. The LER of intercrop 1&2 was above 1.0 indicating that the land utilization efficiency for maize-cowpea intercropping was more advantageous than for sole cropping.
Integrated Energy Use Optimisation and Cutting Parameter Prediction Model - Aiding Process Planning of Ti6Al4V Machining on the CNC Lathe
Authors: Tayisepi Nicholas , Mugwagwa Lameck , Munyau Margret , Muhla Takudzwa M.
Published: November 2023

This paper reports on the IEUOCPPTM (Integrated Energy Use Optimisation and Cutting Parameters Prediction Tool Model) designed to optimise the machining parameters planning process of titanium alloy machining on the CNC lathe. It aimed to create a novel systematic methodology for determination of optimised cutting parameters. MATLAB genetic algorithm and Visual Basic Application softwares were integrated to generate the IEUOCPPTM optimised machining process planning tool for titanium alloys. The empirical 18 full factorial experiment runs design was carried out using Minitab. Determination of appropriate cutting parameters is vital for conserving energy and achieving sustainability for the titanium alloy machining businesses confronted with immense pressure to produce cost-effectively in record delivery times. Machining is a fundamental, and electrical energy intensive, activity in the profiling process of cylindrical T-alloy, Ti6Al4V, components used in the aerospace, automotive and general metal working industries. Varied performance outcomes were achieved, on the machined components after predicting the input parameters using the tool as opposed to the good-guess approach currently being applied in industry. Validation experiments confirmed functionality of IEUOCPPTM in forecasting the cutting parameter settings required, to achieve desired responses during machining of Ti6Al4V within an average error range of 8%.
Comparative Optimisation of the Cutting Parameters for Surface Quality and Energy Efficiency during the Machining Manufacturing of Teak, Saligna and Pine Wood Materials
Authors: Tayisepi Nicholas , Svosve Rindai , Tigere Godfrey , Mnkandla Albert Nkulumo , Mapindu Innocent
Published: November 2023

The rapid increase in electricity demand has resulted in the nation and state governments enforcing and implementing various forms of energy conservation conversations as well as seeking alternative energy sources in order to meet demand of the production sector. Manufacturing Industries of wood materials, in modern day trends, are principally focused on the achievement of highest quality products and quality planed surface generation at minimum input factor of resources such as machining energy. In wood artifacts manufacturing practice, the appropriateness of the cost-quality-time matrix normally depend on supreme selection of cutting parameters for the operation. Machining response factors, such as generation of smooth wood surface roughness is a vital metric of the product quality, granted it significantly influence the performance of machined wood parts, affects how the machined component will interact with the   environment as well as impacting on the artifact production costs. Energy use optimisation, in order to continue and enhance competitiveness in business operations, is a prime priority concern for the modern day wood machining manufacturing industry.  The challenges of ever increasing energy prices, against mounting demand for more energy demanding machinery, increasing pressure from environmentalists and increasing nation state legislation, for reduced energy generation prompted environmental pollution, mean that manufacturers are expected to pay more money and attention towards energy use reduction. Thus, it is imperative, during machining process planning of wood materials, to determine the optimum cutting parameters combination which fosters easy and economical machining which simultaneously deliver good surface quality at reduced energy consumption. This Taguchi design of experiment study analysed and comparatively optimised the cutting parameters of three wood species in order to realise consistent surface quality at minimum energy use during the planing machining of Pine, Saligna and Teak materials. Analysis of variance showed the dominant factors influencing the respective response parameters whilst the optimum cutting conditions were established with the aid of the main effects plot of the signal to noise ratio.
Modeling and Simulation of Energy Storage Performance of Renewable Energy Storage System
Authors: Hyacienth Okoye Akachukwu , Kenneth Ainah Priye , Ogbonnaya Ibe Anthony
Published: November 2023

In recent times, there has been a notable increase in attention towards the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of energy security. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the incorporation of intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs), such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy, into the existing power system. However, the integration of this system hinders the reliable and steady running of the grid due to many operational and control challenges. Several challenges exist, including generation uncertainty, voltage and angular stability, power quality issues, reactive power support, and fault ride-through capabilities. The electricity produced by renewable energy sources (RESs) exhibits fluctuations due to meteorological phenomena beyond human control, such as wind speed and sunlight intensity. Energy storage systems (ESSs) play a crucial role in mitigating volatility by effectively storing excess electricity generated and facilitating its availability when needed. This study utilises the MATLAB/Simulink programme to develop an optimised configuration model for the wind hybrid power storage system.
Magnetic Fiber Robots with Multiscale Functional Structures at the Distal End
Authors: Fan Jiahao , Ren Shuaiqi , Han Bing , He Ruokun , Zhang Zhiang , Han Qingqing , Yang Xiaosheng , Wang Hesheng , Ma Zhuo‐Chen
Published: November 2023

Magnetic fiber robots have revealed great potential for future minimally invasive robotic surgery. However, with the miniaturization of fiber robots, the integration of functional microtools at the distal end becomes extremely challenging, since it requires assembling multifunctional structures on the curved surfaces of fiber ends, which typically have very small curvature radii. In this study, a submillimeter fiber robot with integrated micro‐manipulation tool at the distal end is reported using a “Swiss roll” assembly strategy. This approach enables the one‐step assembly of multiscale structures (mm‐µm) from a 2D film to a 3D tool on the curved surface of the fiber robot. The multiscale structure consists of a millimeter‐scale (mm) magnetic thin film with integrated micrometer‐scale (µm) feature structures, which is inspired from the cat tongue covered by numerous little papillae. The fiber robot can perform multiple functions including endovascular clot grabbing, liquid delivery, and sampling under the manipulation of the magnetic field. The strategy provides a universal protocol for integrating and assembling functional components at the distal end of fiber robots, contributing significantly to the functionalization and miniaturization of interventional medical robots.
Tumor‐Activated Prodrug with Synergistic Anti‐Stemness Chemical and Photodynamic Therapies
Authors: Xiong Jianhua , Wang Xiaoyu , Kim Jaewon , Gong Jiankang , Mao Zhiqiang , Kim Jong Seung , Liu Zhihong
Published: November 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received extensive attention as a promising cancer treatment approach. Still, challenges to in vivo photodynamic therapy have existed for decades. First, the “always on” nature of conventional photosensitizers will cause damage to normal tissues thereby limiting the treatment efficiency of PDT. Second, the hypoxic TME protects cancer stem cells (CSCs) deeply harbored in the center of tumors from PDT administration, thus contributing to the recrudescence and metastasis of tumors. Herein, a ROS‐triggered self‐immolative therapeutic prodrug (Mu‐PS) is reported, comprising of an activatable photosensitizer, an indomethacin (IMC) part, and a ROS‐responsive trigger, for the anti‐stemness chemical and photodynamic therapy of tumors. Intriguingly, Mu‐PS can target the tumor and selectively release the photosensitizer and IMC upon the activation of TME‐related ROS, generating massive phototoxic 1O2 to kill most non‐CSCs tumor cells under the action of PDT and block the growth of CSCs by IMC, hence, it multiplies the therapeutic index. Noteworthy, the anti‐stemness mechanism of IMC in tumors is confirmed and elucidated for the first time. Overall, this study introduces a self‐immolatative prodrug for combined CSCs‐involved chemical therapy and activatable PDT for tumors and provides a design paradigm of prodrug for the precise prognosis and treatment of tumors.
A Lightweight Neural Network for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Analysis
Authors: Zhu Pengfei , Zhang Di , Niu Xin , Liu Jinchao , Ren Mengxin , Xu Jingjun
Published: November 2023

Ellipsometry is a widely used technique in thin film characterizations. To extract the optical properties of the films from the measured data, regression data fitting techniques have been developed that iteratively find a set of optical parameters that best fit the observations. However, this iterative process often faces challenges in converging to the correct solution, and it can be time‐consuming. To address these issues, an 8‐bit quantized lightweight method of neural network analysis for spectroscopic ellipsometry are proposed. This method features compact neural network modules to enhance speed and efficiency. The effectiveness of the approach through experimental verification is validated on a diverse range of material films, including metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics. The approach is fully automatic and lightweight, which offers a new perspective on balancing predictive accuracy with limited computational resources. This method holds the potential to achieve automatic, rapid, and high‐throughput optical characterization of films, facilitating real‐time quality monitoring for repeatable high‐precision film manufacturing.
Boosting Performance of Self‐Powered Near‐Infrared Organic Spectral Detector Through Metal–Dielectric Microcavity
Authors: Zhu Hanbo , Liu Tianyu , Jia Ziyan , Chen Xu , Xu Xuehui , Jin Peng , (Michael) Yang Yang
Published: November 2023

Miniaturized spectrometers that are absent of bulky dispersive optical elements have received more and more attention. However, most of these advancements have been demonstrated in the visible spectrum. Among the various near‐infrared (NIR) absorbers, organic donor–acceptor blends exhibit a distinctive red‐shifted intermolecular charge‐transfer (CT) state absorption, allowing for the detection of NIR photons below the distinct molecular band edge. Nevertheless, the sub‐bandgap absorption cross‐section has been rather limited. In this study, this challenge is addressed by integrating a metal–dielectric (M–D) microcavity into a prototype (PM6:Y6) model system, with a band‐edge positioned at 869 nm. As a result, an amplified narrowband detection, demonstrating an external quantum efficiency of ≈26% at 905 nm is achieved. Furthermore, the manipulation of the cavity lengths enables easy fine‐tuning of the narrowband spectral response within the 850–960 nm range. Leveraging a spectrum reconstruction algorithm, a spectral detector with 10 nm resolution under a zero bias, validating the potential of utilizing sub‐bandgap CT state absorption for efficient narrowband detectors and micro‐spectrometers is obtained.
Multiple‐Resonance‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in 2D‐Material‐Capped Tapered‐Fiber Microcavity
Authors: Yao Yao , Zhao Chen , Li Xiaoze , Fang Honghua , Jiang Yijian , Yan Yinzhou
Published: November 2023

Plasmon‐free surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assisted by charge‐transfer (CT) resonance in semiconductors has drawn considerable attention in the past decades due to the extraordinary advantages in chemical stability and homogeneity. Unfortunately, the weak confinement of excitation light in semiconductor nanostructures and 2D materials, due to either their limited refractive indexes or atomic thickness, results in the Raman enhancement by nonmetallic SERS substrates significantly lower than the noble ones. Here a novel plasmon‐free SERS probe is reported by a tapered optical fiber (TOF) coated with monolayer‐MoS2 (ML‐MoS2), where the TOF‐supported whispering‐gallery modes (WGMs) simultaneously regulate multiple‐resonance processes, i.e., excitonic resonance, molecular resonance, charge‐transfer resonance and fluorescence resonance energy transfer processes, in the ML‐MoS2 and analytes. The contribution of the four processes promoted by WGM to enhancement factor of Raman intensity (EFRI) is quantitatively determined by four dye molecules with different energy levels. The Raman enhancement mechanism of WGM‐promoted multiple‐resonances is therefore revealed, for the first time. The maximum EFRI is up to 1.8 × 109 for the limit of detection (LoD) down to 10−14 M. The ML‐MoS2/TOF SERS probes also demonstrated their outstanding feasibility and stability facilitating to trace detection in microdroplets for practical applications in future.
Closed‐Loop Optogenetic Modulation of Neural Activities in Freely Moving Mice with Multimodal Fibers
Authors: Du Minghui , Zheng Jiajun , Huang Yicong , Wang Xiaoli , Qi Yankun , Qiu Jianrong , Huang Lu , Ren Chaoran , Yu Zhuliang , Zhou Shifeng
Published: November 2023

The precise manipulation of neural activity is of great significance to reveal the function of complex neural circuits in brain, especially the mechanism of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease. In the past decades, optogenetics has become a powerful tool to investigate the function of neural circuits due to its unique advantages of cell specificity and high spatiotemporal resolution. However, to date, most optogenetic manipulation has been conducted in an open‐loop fashion. The closed‐loop neural modulation is still an important task. Here, a closed‐loop optogenetic modulation system is developed for ultra‐fast, ‐accurate, and ‐stable manipulation of neural activities in behaving mice. Specifically, this system is mediated by a functional fiber probe with excellent low optical loss (0.052 dB cm−1 at 589 nm) and electrical impedance (5.40 MΩ µm−2 at 1 kHz). In vivo electrophysiology and behavioral experiments demonstrated that the system can be successfully applied for the identification and intervention of seizures in epilepsy mice with high efficiency. It is envision that the closed‐loop manipulation system has promising applications in brain science, neuroscience, and neuromodulation therapies.
Polymer Cross‐Linking Strategy Enables High Performance and High Mechanical Stability Flexible Quasi‐2D Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Ting , Gao Yanbo , Wu Yanjie , Lu Min , Hu Junhua , Zhang Yu , Wu Zhennan , Bai Xue , Yan Fengping
Published: November 2023

Flexible perovskite light‐emitting diodes (f‐PeLEDs) have become one of the important candidates for lighting and display in wearable electronic devices due to their high flexibility and portability. However, the device performance of f‐PeLEDs is much lower than that of rigid devices, mainly due to the lack of mechanically stable perovskite films with good optoelectronic properties. In this work, a multifunctional strategy is proposed to obtain f‐PeLEDs with increased mechanical stability and optoelectronic performance. The polylactic acid (PLA) polymer with high flexibility is first incorporated into a quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) film, which undergoes in situ cross‐linking and forms a polymer cross‐linking network in a quasi‐2D film. Moreover, C═O functional groups in PLA can coordinate with unsaturated Pb2+ sites to efficiently passivate defects in perovskite films. The excellent flexibility of PLA and dynamic physical cross‐linking sites between PLA and the perovskite lattice enhance mechanical stability and still exhibit stable optical properties after repeated bending. Finally, the champion external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.94% is successfully implemented and maintains an initial EQE of over 60% after 10 000 bending cycles with a curvature radius of 3 mm. Therefore, the well‐designed cross‐linking strategy provides an efficient strategy for manufacturing stable f‐PeLEDs.
Efficient Composite Colorization of Copper by Spatially Controlled Oxidation with Deep‐UV Ultrafast Lasers
Authors: Groussin Baptiste , Martinez‐Calderon Miguel , Beldarrain Oihane , Rodriguez Ainara , Olaizola Santiago M. , Marsh Bruce A. , Granados Eduardo
Published: November 2023

Colorizing metals using micrometer and nanometer scale surface modifications has been vastly investigated and presents many advantages for applications across scientific and technological fields. By tuning the surface chemical composition or controlling its morphology, it is possible to produce a wide range of chromatic effects. Ultrafast laser processing presents here an interesting asset, as it allows to simultaneously provide chemical and morphological modifications at the micro‐scale in a single step. In this article, the composite colorization of copper surfaces with mW‐class average power deep ultraviolet (DUV) femtosecond laser pulses is demonstrated. The advantages of this setup are twofold: first, thanks to the increased absorption of copper in the DUV, the technique allows scaling down the requirement for laser power. Second, under ultrafast short‐wavelength illumination molecular oxygen bond‐breaks occur, enhancing the oxidation rate of the copper. The technique allows for highly controllable and efficient copper oxidation with the irradiation parameters. Taking these two effects into account, the generation of a wide spectrum of colors—from dark blue to shiny red—is demonstrated, and the role of the surface oxidation rate, the laser fluence, and laser scanning strategies in the colorization of copper surfaces employing DUV lasers is discussed.
A Novel Learning Approach to Remove Oscillations in First‐Order Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy System: Gradient Descent‐Based Neuro‐Fuzzy Algorithm Using Smoothing Group Lasso Regularization
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Rui , Liu Yuanquan , Shao Qiang , Lv Yan , Yu Yan
Published: November 2023

As a universal approximator, the first order Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy system possesses the capability to approximate widespread nonlinear systems through a group of IF THEN fuzzy rules. Although group lasso regularization has the advantage of inducing group sparsity and handling variable selection issues, it can lead to numerical oscillations and theoretical challenges in calculating the gradient at the origin when employed directly during training. The paper addresses the aforementioned obstacle by invoking a smoothing function to approximate group lasso regularization. On this basis, a gradient‐based neuro fuzzy learning algorithm with smoothing group lasso regularization for the first order Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy system is proposed. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is rigorously proved under gentle conditions. In addition, experimental outcomes acquired on two approximations and two classification simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the algorithm with original group lasso regularization andL2regularization in terms of error, pruned neurons, and accuracy. This is particularly evident in significant advancements in pruned neurons due to group sparsity. In comparison to the algorithm withL2regularization, the proposed algorithm exhibits improvements of 6.3, 5.3, and 142.6 in pruned neurons during sin function, Gabor function, and Sonar benchmark dataset simulations, respectively.
Bidirectional Neuronal Control of Epileptiform Activity by Repetitive Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulations
Authors: Choi Taewon , Koo Minseok , Joo Jaesoon , Kim Taekyung , Shon Young‐Min , Park Jinhyoung
Published: November 2023

Repetitive stimulation procedures are used in neuromodulation techniques to induce persistent excitatory or inhibitory brain activity. The directivity of modulation is empirically regulated by modifying the stimulation length, interval, and strength. However, bidirectional neuronal modulations using ultrasound stimulations are rarely reported. This study presents bidirectional control of epileptiform activities with repetitive transcranial‐focused ultrasound stimulations in a rat model of drug‐induced acute epilepsy. It is found that repeated transmission of elongated (40 s), ultra‐low pressure (0.25 MPa) ultrasound can fully suppress epileptic activities in electro‐encephalography and cerebral blood volume measurements, while the change in bursting intervals from 40 to 20 s worsens epileptic activities even with the same burst length. Furthermore, the suppression induced by 40 s long bursts is transformed to excitatory states by a subsequent transmission. Bidirectional modulation of epileptic seizures with repeated ultrasound stimulation is achieved by regulating the changes in glutamate and γ‐Aminobutyric acid levels, as confirmed by measurements of expressed c‐Fos and GAD65 and multitemporal analysis of neurotransmitters in the interstitial fluid obtained via microdialysis.
Erythrocyte‐Leveraged Oncolytic Virotherapy (ELeOVt): Oncolytic Virus Assembly on Erythrocyte Surface to Combat Pulmonary Metastasis and Alleviate Side Effects
Authors: Liu Mingyang , Zhang Ruizhe , Huang Hanwei , Liu Pengfei , Zhao Xu , Wu Hu , He Ying , Xu Ruizhe , Qin Xifeng , Cheng Zhenguo , Liu Hongyu , Ergonul Onder , Can Füsun , Ouyang Defang , Wang Zhenning , Pang Zhiqing , Liu Funan
Published: November 2023

Despite being a new promising tool for cancer therapy, intravenous delivery of oncolytic viruses (OVs) is greatly limited by poor tumor targeting, rapid clearance in the blood, severe organ toxicity, and cytokine release syndrome. Herein, a simple and efficient strategy of erythrocyte‐leveraged oncolytic virotherapy (ELeOVt) is reported, which for the first time assembled OVs on the surface of erythrocytes with up to near 100% efficiency and allowed targeted delivery of OVs to the lung after intravenous injection to achieve excellent treatment of pulmonary metastases while greatly improving the biocompatibility of OVs as a drug. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a bridge to assemble OVs on erythrocytes also played an important role in promoting the transfection of OVs. It is found that ELeOVt approach significantly prolonged the circulation time of OVs and increased the OVs distribution in the lung by more than tenfold, thereby significantly improving the treatment of lung metastases while reducing organ and systemic toxicity. Taken together, these findings suggest that the ELeOVt provides a biocompatible, efficient, and widely available approach to empower OVs to combat lung metastasis.
3D‐Printed Lattice Structures for Sound Absorption: Current Progress, Mechanisms and Models, Structural‐Property Relationships, and Future Outlook
Authors: Li Xinwei , Chua Jun Wei , Yu Xiang , Li Zhendong , Zhao Miao , Wang Zhonggang , Zhai Wei
Published: November 2023

The reduction of noises, achieved through absorption, is of paramount importance to the well‐being of both humans and machines. Lattice structures, defined as architectured porous solids arranged in repeating patterns, are emerging as advanced sound‐absorbing materials. Their immense design freedom allows for customizable pore morphology and interconnectivity, enabling the design of specific absorption properties. Thus far, the sound absorption performance of various types of lattice structures are studied and they demonstrated favorable properties compared to conventional materials. Herein, this review gives a thorough overview on the current research status, and characterizations for lattice structures in terms of acoustics is proposed. Till date, there are four main sound absorption mechanisms associated with lattice structures. Despite their complexity, lattice structures can be accurately modelled using acoustical impedance models that focus on critical acoustical geometries. Four defining features: morphology, relative density, cell size, and number of cells, have significant influences on the acoustical geometries and hence sound wave dissipation within the lattice. Drawing upon their structural‐property relationships, a classification of lattice structures into three distinct types in terms of acoustics is proposed. It is proposed that future attentions can be placed on new design concepts, advanced materials selections, and multifunctionalities.