bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preventing and Managing Risks Induced by Natural Hazards to Critical Infrastructures
Authors: Buffarini Giacomo , Clemente Paolo , Giovinazzi Sonia , Ormando Chiara , Pollino Maurizio , Rosato Vittorio
Published: May 2022

A procedure for assessing and monitoring the response of critical infrastructures when subjected to natural hazards is proposed in this paper, with a particular focus on bridges and viaducts, which are very peculiar and strategic assets of transport networks. The proposed procedure is characterized by three levels of analysis (L1–L3) with increasing reliability and complexity. The first level of analysis (L1) is carried out by evaluating a Class of Attention in line with the approach that is proposed by the Italian Guidelines for the safety assessment of bridges. The second level (L2) of analysis requires the definition of a numerical model of the bridge. The third level (L3) of analysis relies on the seismic response data from a seismic monitoring network. For all the three levels of the proposed procedure, data are collected in the CIPCast Decision Support System (CIPCast-DSS), a WebGIS platform developed by ENEA to support the decision-making process related to risk prevention and the management of impacts induced by natural hazards on critical infrastructures. The real-time analysis of the data collected and processed in the CIPcast-DSS in post-disaster circumstances provides a quasi-real-time prediction of the impacted infrastructures, and the extent of damages they could have suffered before a local inspection and analysis could take place. The continuous static and dynamic monitoring in periods without seismic events enables the planning of preventive and effective maintenance interventions.
Soldier Caste-Specific Protein 1 Is Involved in Soldier Differentiation in Termite Reticulitermes aculabialis
Authors: Wu Zhiwei , Du Yunliang , Li Zhenya , Guo Ruiyao , Li Yiying , Wei Jizhen , Yin Xinming , Su Lijuan
Published: May 2022

Termite soldiers are a unique caste among social insects, and their differentiation can be induced by Juvenile hormone (JH) from workers through two molts (worker–presoldier–soldier). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the worker-to-soldier transformation in termites is poorly understood. To explore the mechanism of soldier differentiation induced by JH, the gene soldier caste-specific protein 1 (RaSsp1, NCBI accession no: MT861054.1) in R. aculabialis was cloned, and its function was studied. This gene was highly expressed in the soldier caste, and the protein RsSsp1 was similar to the JHBP (JH-binding protein) domain-containing protein by Predict Protein online. In addition, JHIII could be anchored in the hydrophobic cage of RaSsp1 as the epoxide of the JHBP-bound JH according to the protein ligand molecular docking online tool AutoDock. The functional studies indicated that knocking down of the RaSsp1 shorted the presoldier’s head capsule, reduced mandible size, delayed molting time and decreased molting rate (from worker to presoldier) at the beginning of worker gut-purging. Furthermore, knocking down of the RaSsp1 had a more pronounced effect on soldier differentiation (from presoldier to soldier), and manifested in significantly shorter mandibles, rounder head capsules, and lower molting rate (from worker to presoldier) at the beginning of presoldier gut-purging. Correspondingly, the expressions of JH receptor Methoprene-tolerant (Met), the JH-inducible transcription factor Krüppel homolog1 (Kr-h1) and ecdysone signal genes Broad-complex (Br-C) were downregulated when knocking down the RaSsp1 at the above two stages. All these results that RaSsp1 may be involved in soldier differentiation from workers by binding and transporting JH.
Comparison between Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 Respiratory Patients: What Is beyond the PCR Test
Authors: Principe Stefania , Grosso Amelia , Benfante Alida , Albicini Federica , Battaglia Salvatore , Gini Erica , Amata Marta , Piccionello Ilaria , Corsico Angelo Guido , Scichilone Nicola
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 modified the healthcare system. Nasal-pharyngeal swab (NPS), with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase (PCR), is the gold standard for the diagnosis; however, there are difficulties related to the procedure that may postpone it. The study aims to evaluate whether other elements than the PCR-NPS are reliable and confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19. This is a cross-sectional study on data from the Lung Unit of Pavia (confirmed) and at the Emergency Unit of Palermo (suspected). COVID-19 was confirmed by positive NPS, suspected tested negative. We compared clinical, laboratory and radiological variables and performed Logistic regression to estimate which variables increased the risk of COVID-19. The derived ROC-AUCcurve, assessed the accuracy of the model to distinguish between COVID-19 suspected and confirmed. We selected 50 confirmed and 103 suspected cases. High Reactive C-Protein (OR: 1.02; CI95%: 0.11–1.02), suggestive CT-images (OR: 11.43; CI95%: 3.01–43.3), dyspnea (OR: 10.48; CI95%: 2.08–52.7) and respiratory failure (OR: 5.84; CI95%: 1.73–19.75) increased the risk of COVID-19, whereas pleural effusion decreased the risk (OR: 0.15; CI95%: 0.04–0.63). ROC confirmed the discriminative role of these variables between suspected and confirmed COVID-19 (AUC 0.91). Clinical, laboratory and imaging features predict the diagnosis of COVID-19, independently from the NPS result.
Specular Microscopy of Human Corneas Stored in an Active Storage Machine
Authors: Garcin Thibaud , Crouzet Emmanuel , Perrache Chantal , Lepine Thierry , Gain Philippe , Thuret Gilles
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Unlike corneas stored in cold storage (CS) which remain transparent and thin, corneas stored in organoculture (OC) cannot be assessed by specular microscopy (SM), because edema and posterior folds occur during storage and prevent from specular reflection. We previously developed an active storage machine (ASM) which restores the intraocular pressure while renewing the storage medium, thus preventing major stromal edema. Its transparent windows allow multimodal corneal imaging in a closed system. Aim: to present SM of corneas stored in this ASM. Methods: Ancillary study of two preclinical studies on corneas stored for one and three months in the ASM. A prototype non-contact SM was developed (CMOS camera, ×10 objective, collimated LED source, micrometric stage). Five non-overlapping fields (935 × 748 μm) were acquired in exactly the same areas at regular intervals. Image quality was graded according to defined categories (American Cornea Donor Study). The endothelial cell density (ECD) was measured with a center method. Finally, SMECD was also compared to Hoechst-stained cell nuclei count (HoechstECD). Results: The 62 corneas remained thin during storage, allowing SM at all time points without corneal deconditioning. Image quality varied depending on donors and days of control but, overall, in the 1100 images, we observed 55% of excellent and 30% of good quality images. SMECD did not differ from HoechstECD (p = 0.084). Conclusions: The ASM combines the advantages of CS (closed system) and OC (long-term storage). Specular microscopy is possible at any time in the ASM with a large field of view, making endothelial controls easy and safe.
Novel Therapies for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: Potential and Pitfalls
Authors: Shinu Pottathil , Morsy Mohamed A. , Nair Anroop B. , Mouslem Abdulaziz K. Al , Venugopala Katharigatta N. , Goyal Manoj , Bansal Monika , Jacob Shery , Deb Pran Kishore
Published: May 2022

Neuropathic pain affects more than one million people across the globe. The quality of life of people suffering from neuropathic pain has been considerably declining due to the unavailability of appropriate therapeutics. Currently, available treatment options can only treat patients symptomatically, but they are associated with severe adverse side effects and the development of tolerance over prolonged use. In the past decade, researchers were able to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in neuropathic pain; thus, continuous efforts are evident, aiming to develop novel interventions with better efficacy instead of symptomatic treatment. The current review discusses the latest interventional strategies used in the treatment and management of neuropathic pain. This review also provides insights into the present scenario of pain research, particularly various interventional techniques such as spinal cord stimulation, steroid injection, neural blockade, transcranial/epidural stimulation, deep brain stimulation, percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, neuroablative procedures, opto/chemogenetics, gene therapy, etc. In a nutshell, most of the above techniques are at preclinical stage and facing difficulty in translation to clinical studies due to the non-availability of appropriate methodologies. Therefore, continuing research on these interventional strategies may help in the development of promising novel therapies that can improve the quality of life of patients suffering from neuropathic pain.
Reperfusion Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke in COVID-19 Patients: A Nationwide Multi-Center Study
Authors: Jurkevičienė Justina , Vaišvilas Mantas , Masiliūnas Rytis , Matijošaitis Vaidas , Vaitkus Antanas , Geštautaitė Dovilė , Taroza Saulius , Puzinas Paulius , Galvanauskaitė Erika , Jatužis Dalius , Vilionskis Aleksandras
Published: May 2022

(1) Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a possible complication of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Safety and efficacy data on reperfusion therapies (RT)—intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment (EVT)—in stroke patients with COVID-19 is lacking. (2) Methods: We performed a retrospective nationwide multi-center pair-matched analysis of COVID-19 patients with AIS who underwent RT. We included adult COVID-19 patients with AIS who were treated with RT between 16 March 2020 and 30 June 2021. All subjects were paired with non-infected controls, matched for age, sex, stroke arterial vascular territory, and RT modality. The primary outcome measure was a favorable functional outcome defined by the modified Rankin scale (mRS 0–2). (3) Results: Thirty-one subjects and thirty-one matched controls were included. The median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was higher in the COVID-19 group (16 vs. 12, p = 0.028). Rates of ischemic changes and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages did not differ significantly between the two groups at 24 h after RT. The median NIHSS 24 h after reperfusion remained significantly higher in the COVID-19 group (16 vs. 5, p = 0.003). MRS 0–2 at discharge was significantly less common in COVID-19 patients (22.6% vs. 51.8%, p = 0.018). Three-month mortality was 54.8% in the COVID-19 group versus 12.9% in controls (p = 0.001). (4) Conclusion: Reperfusion therapies on AIS in COVID-19 patients appear to be safe; however, functional outcomes are significantly worse, and 3-month mortality is higher.
Promising Tools to Facilitate the Implementation of TDM of Biologics in Clinical Practice
Authors: Soenen Rani , Stove Christophe , Capobianco Alessio , De Schutter Hanne , Dobbelaere Marie , Mahjor Tahmina , Follens Merel , Lambert Jo , Grine Lynda
Published: May 2022

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of biologics—encompassing the measurement of (trough) concentrations and anti-drug antibodies—is emerging as a valuable tool for clinical decision making. While this strategy needs further validation, attention on its implementation into the clinic is warranted. Rapid testing and easy sampling are key to its implementation. Here, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and volunteers’ perception of home microsampling for quantification of adalimumab (ADM) concentrations in psoriasis patients. In addition, we compared lateral flow testing (LFT) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients participating in the SUPRA-A study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT04028713) were asked to participate in a substudy where volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) was performed at home. At three time points, whole blood and corresponding serum samples were collected for ADM measurement using an in-house ELISA. In addition, the patients’ perspective on microsampling was evaluated via a questionnaire. LFT-obtained ADM concentrations agreed very well with ELISA results (Pearson’s correlation = 0.95 and R2 = 0.89). ADM concentrations determined in both capillary (via finger prick) and corresponding venous blood VAMS samples correlated strongly with serum concentrations (Pearson’s correlation = 0.87). Our preliminary data (n = 7) on rapid testing and home-based microsampling are considered promising with regard to TDM implementation for adalimumab, warranting further research.
Acute Coronary Syndrome in the COVID-19 Era—Differences and Dilemmas Compared to the Pre-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Lasica Ratko , Djukanovic Lazar , Mrdovic Igor , Savic Lidija , Ristic Arsen , Zdravkovic Marija , Simic Dragan , Krljanac Gordana , Popovic Dejana , Simeunovic Dejan , Rajic Dubravka , Asanin Milika
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous negative implications for all aspects of society. Although COVID-19 is a predominant lung disease, in 10–30% of cases, it is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The presence of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients occurs with a frequency between 7–36%. There is growing evidence of the incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in COVID-19, both due to coronary artery thrombosis and insufficient oxygen supply to the myocardium in conditions of an increased need. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19 and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major challenge for physicians. Often the presence of mixed symptoms, due to the combined presence of COVID-19 and ACS, as well as possible other diseases, nonspecific changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG), and often elevated serum troponin (cTn), create dilemmas in diagnosing ACS in COVID-19. Given the often-high ischemic risk, as well as the risk of bleeding, in these patients and analyzing the benefit/risk ratio, the treatment of patients with AMI and COVID-19 is often associated with dilemmas and difficult decisions. Due to delays in the application of the therapeutic regimen, complications of AMI are more common, and the mortality rate is higher.
Meditating on Cancer Management at the Time of Immunotherapy
Authors: Lopci Egesta
Published: May 2022

The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors in the last decade has prompted a new era in medical oncology and has opened the door to novel frontiers in cancer treatment [...]
SoK: An Evaluation of the Secure End User Experience on the Dark Net through Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Tazi Faiza , Shrestha Sunny , De La Cruz Junibel , Das Sanchari
Published: May 2022

The World Wide Web (www) consists of the surface web, deep web, and Dark Web, depending on the content shared and the access to these network layers. Dark Web consists of the Dark Net overlay of networks that can be accessed through specific software and authorization schema. Dark Net has become a growing community where users focus on keeping their identities, personal information, and locations secret due to the diverse population base and well-known cyber threats. Furthermore, not much is known of Dark Net from the user perspective, where often there is a misunderstanding of the usage strategies. To understand this further, we conducted a systematic analysis of research relating to Dark Net privacy and security on N=200 academic papers, where we also explored the user side. An evaluation of secure end-user experience on the Dark Net establishes the motives of account initialization in overlaid networks such as Tor. This work delves into the evolution of Dark Net intelligence for improved cybercrime strategies across jurisdictions. The evaluation of the developing network infrastructure of the Dark Net raises meaningful questions on how to resolve the issue of increasing criminal activity on the Dark Web. We further examine the security features afforded to users, motives, and anonymity revocation. We also evaluate more closely nine user-study-focused papers revealing the importance of conducting more research in this area. Our detailed systematic review of Dark Net security clearly shows the apparent research gaps, especially in the user-focused studies emphasized in the paper.
The Machinability Characteristics of Multidirectional CFRP Composites Using High-Performance Wire EDM Electrodes
Authors: Abdallah Ramy , Hood Richard , Soo Sein Leung
Published: May 2022

Due to the abrasive nature of the material, the conventional machining of CFRP composites is typically characterised by high mechanical forces and poor tool life, which can have a detrimental effect on workpiece surface quality, mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy, and, ultimately, functional performance. The present paper details an experimental investigation to assess the feasibility of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) as an alternative for cutting multidirectional CFRP composite laminates using high-performance wire electrodes. A full factorial experimental array comprising a total of 8 tests was employed to evaluate the effect of varying ignition current (3 and 5 A), pulse-off time (8 and 10 µs), and wire type (Topas Plus D and Compeed) on material removal rate (MRR), kerf width, workpiece surface roughness, and surface damage. The Compeed wire achieved a lower MRR of up to ~40% compared with the Topas wire when operating at comparable cutting parameters, despite having a higher electrical conductivity. Statistical investigation involving analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the pulse-off time was the only significant factor impacting the material removal rate, with a percentage contribution ratio of 67.76%. In terms of cut accuracy and surface quality, machining with the Compeed wire resulted in marginally wider kerfs (~8%) and a higher workpiece surface roughness (~11%) compared to the Topas wire, with maximum recorded values of 374.38 µm and 27.53 µm Sa, respectively. Micrographs from scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of considerable fibre fragments, voids, and adhered re-solidified matrix material on the machined surfaces, which was likely due to the thermal nature of the WEDM process. The research demonstrated the viability of WEDM for cutting relatively thick (9 mm) multidirectional CFRP laminates without the need for employing conductive assistive electrodes. The advanced coated wire electrodes used in combination with higher ignition current and lower pulse-off time levels resulted in an increased MRR of up to ~15 mm3/min.
Development and Characterization of the Biodegradable Film Derived from Eggshell and Cornstarch
Authors: Vonnie Joseph Merillyn , Rovina Kobun , Azhar Rasnarisa Awatif , Huda Nurul , Erna Kana Husna , Felicia Wen Xia Ling , Nur’Aqilah Md Nasir , Halid Nur Fatihah Abdul
Published: May 2022

In the current study, cornstarch (CS) and eggshell powder (ESP) were combined using a casting technique to develop a biodegradable film that was further morphologically and physicochemically characterized using standard methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the morphology of the ESP/CS film, and the surface of the film was found to have a smooth structure with no cracks, a spherical and porous irregular shape, and visible phase separation, which explains their large surface area. In addition, the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicated that the ESP particles were made of calcium carbonate and the ESP contained carbon in the graphite form. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy indicated the presence of carbonated minerals in the ESP/CS film which shows that ESP/CS film might serve as a promising adsorbent. Due to the inductive effect of the O–C–O bond on calcium carbonate in the eggshell, it was discovered that the ESP/CS film significantly improves physical properties, moisture content, swelling power, water solubility, and water absorption compared to the control CS film. The enhancement of the physicochemical properties of the ESP/CS film was principally due to the intra and intermolecular interactions between ESP and CS molecules. As a result, this film can potentially be used as a synergistic adsorbent for various target analytes.
Modelling and Optimization of Machining of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Using Machine Learning and Design of Experiments Methods
Authors: Outeiro José , Cheng Wenyu , Chinesta Francisco , Ammar Amine
Published: May 2022

Ti-6Al-4V titanium is considered a difficult-to-cut material used in critical applications in the aerospace industry requiring high reliability levels. An appropriate selection of cutting conditions can improve the machinability of this alloy and the surface integrity of the machined surface, including the generation of compressive residual stresses. In this paper, orthogonal cutting tests of Ti-6Al-4V titanium were performed using coated and uncoated tungsten carbide tools. Suitable design of experiments (DOE) was used to investigate the influence of the cutting conditions (cutting speed Vc, uncut chip thickness h, tool rake angle γn, and the cutting edge radius rn) on the forces, chip compression ratio, and residual stresses. Due to the time consumed and the high cost of the residual stress measurements, they were only measured for selected cutting conditions of the DOE. Then, the machine learning method based on mathematical regression analysis was applied to predict the residual stresses for other cutting conditions of the DOE. Finally, the optimal cutting conditions that minimize the machining outcomes were determined. The results showed that when increasing the compressive residual stresses at the machined surface by 40%, the rake angle should be increased from negative (−6°) to positive (5°), the cutting edge radius should be doubled (from 16 µm to 30 µm), and the cutting speed should be reduced by 67% (from 60 to 20 m/min).
Retinal Microvascular Changes in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Analysis with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Eid Pétra , Arnould Louis , Gabrielle Pierre-Henry , Aho Ludwig S. , Farnier Michel , Creuzot-Garcher Catherine , Cottin Yves
Published: May 2022

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common but underdiagnosed genetic disorder affecting cholesterol metabolism, leading to atherosclerotic disease. The relationship between retinal microvascular changes and the presence of atheroma in patients with FH (FH group), and in comparison to volunteers without FH (CT group), needs further investigation. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a university hospital between October 1, 2020 and May 31, 2021. Cardiovascular data, including the Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) score, were recorded for FH patients. Macula angiograms were acquired using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS OCT-A) to analyze both the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP). A total of 162 eyes of 83 patients were enrolled in the FH group and 121 eyes of 78 volunteers in the CT group. A statistically significant association was found between the CAC score and both vessel density (β = −0.002 [95% CI, −0.004; −0.0005], p = 0.010) and vessel length (β = −0.00005 [95% CI, −0.00008; −0.00001], p = 0.010) in the DCP. The FH group had a significantly lower foveal avascular zone circularity index than the CT group in multivariate analysis (0.67 ± 0.16 in the FH group vs. 0.72 ± 0.10 in the CT group, β = 0.04 [95% CI, 0.002; 0.07], p = 0.037). Retinal microvascularization is altered in FH and retinal vascular densities are modified according to the CAC score.
Out-of-Sample Validity of the PROLOGUE Score to Predict Neurologic Function after Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Schriefl Christoph , Schoergenhofer Christian , Buchtele Nina , Mueller Matthias , Poppe Michael , Clodi Christian , Ettl Florian , Merrelaar Anne , Boegl Magdalena Sophie , Steininger Philipp , Holzer Michael , Herkner Harald , Schwameis Michael
Published: May 2022

Background: The clinical value of a prognostic score depends on its out-of-sample validity because inaccurate outcome prediction can be not only useless but potentially fatal. We aimed to evaluate the out-of-sample validity of a recently developed and highly accurate Korean prognostic score for predicting neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest in an independent, plausibly related sample of European cardiac arrest survivors. Methods: Analysis of data from a European cardiac arrest center, certified in compliance with the specifications of the German Council for Resuscitation. The study sample included adults with nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest admitted between 2013 and 2018. Exposure was the PROgnostication using LOGistic regression model for Unselected adult cardiac arrest patients in the Early stages (PROLOGUE) score, including 12 clinical variables readily available at hospital admission. The outcome was poor 30-day neurologic function, as assessed using the cerebral performance category scale. The risk of a poor outcome was calculated using the PROLOGUE score regression equation. Predicted risk deciles were compared to observed outcome estimates in a complete-case analysis, a best-case analysis, and a multiple-data-imputation analysis using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Results: A total of 1051 patients (median 61 years, IQR 50–71; 29% female) were analyzed. A total of 808 patients (77%) were included in the complete-case analysis. The PROLOGUE score overestimated the risk of poor neurologic outcomes in the range of 40% to 100% predicted risk, involving 63% of patients. The model fit did not improve after missing data imputation. Conclusions: In a plausibly related sample of European cardiac arrest survivors, risk prediction by the PROLOGUE score was largely too pessimistic and failed to replicate the high accuracy found in the original study. Using the PROLOGUE score as an example, this study highlights the compelling need for independent validation of a proposed prognostic score to prevent potentially fatal mispredictions.
Patient-Tailored Stenting versus Endarterectomy for the Treatment of Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Bounajem Michael T. , Grandhi Ramesh , Kilburg Craig J. , Taussky Philipp
Published: May 2022

Carotid artery stenosis is a major cause of acute ischemic strokes in adults. Given the consequences and sequelae of an acute ischemic stroke, intervention while patients are still asymptomatic is a key opportunity for stroke prevention. Although carotid endarterectomy has been the gold standard of treatment for carotid stenosis for many years, recent advances in carotid stenting technology, practitioner experience, and dual antiplatelet therapy have expanded the use for treatments other than endarterectomy. Review of the current literature has demonstrated that endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting produce overall similar results for the treatment of asymptomatic carotid stenosis, but certain factors may help guide physicians and patients in choosing one treatment over the other. Age 70 years and older, renal disease, poor medication compliance, and unstable plaque features all portend better outcomes from endarterectomy, whereas age under 70 years, high cervical location of disease, cardiac disease, and reliable medication compliance favor stenting. The decision to pursue endarterectomy versus stenting is therefore complex, and although large studies have demonstrated similar outcomes, the approach to treatment of asymptomatic carotid stenosis must be optimized for each individual patient to achieve the best possible outcome.
The ESG Disclosure and the Financial Performance of Norwegian Listed Firms
Authors: Giannopoulos George , Kihle Fagernes Renate Victoria , Elmarzouky Mahmoud , Afzal Hossain Kazi Abul Bashar Muhammad
Published: May 2022

The world is constantly changing, and with an evolving global environmental crisis, there is a growing trend of Corporate Social Responsibility, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure initiatives. The final report on the new E.U. taxonomy for sustainable activities was released in 2020, making ESG disclosure more relevant. This paper investigates the effects of ESG initiatives on the financial performance of Norwegian listed companies from 2010 to 2019. ESG is measured through the Thomson Reuters Eikon ESG disclosure score and financial performance through ROA and Tobin’s Q. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time this relationship has been investigated in Norway. Using panel data regression analysis and two proxies for the dependent variable (financial performance), the results of this study are mixed. In particular, findings suggest a strong significant relationship between ESG initiatives and financial performance. More specifically, the regression model, with ROA as the dependent variable, suggests that ESG initiatives have a clear negative impact. On the other hand, the variable Tobin’s Q increases when ESG increases. This could be explained by the different horizons of the measures and other factors affecting the business environment.
Awareness-raising work at the higher educational institution as a system: functions, structure, content
Authors:   Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, Moscow, Kostina Anna Vladimirovna
Published: May 2022

According to Federal Law No. 304-FZ of July 31, 2020 “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” on the Awareness-Raising Work with Students”, awareness-raising work at the higher educational institution is defined as a mandatory component of the educational process. Paragraph 2 of Article 2 of the Law defines awareness-raising as an activity aimed at developing the personality, creating conditions for self-determination and socialization of students on the basis of sociocultural, spiritual and moral values and the rules and norms of behavior adopted in Russian society in the interests of the individual, family, society and the state, the formation of a sense of patriotism, citizenship, respect for the memory of the defenders of the Fatherland and the deeds of valor of the Heroes of the Fatherland, as well as for law and order, the worker and the older generation, mutual respect, respect for the cultural heritage and traditions of the multinational people of the Russian Federation, nature and the environment. In the article, the author comprehends this Law and the features of its implementation in educational institutions of higher education. The author highlights the tasks of awareness-raising work, considers consistency as a mandatory attribute of the awareness-raising work management structure, and comprehends awareness-raising activities within the framework of the educational process and outside it.
Strategic development methodologies — a systematic approach
Authors:   NANO HE Institute of World Civilizations, FSPEI HE Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Dadalko Vasiliy Aleksandrovich , Nikolaevskiy Vladimir Vladimirovich ,   Belarus State Economic University, Rudkovskaya Olga Gennadievna ,   Belarus State Economic University, Dadalko Svetlana Viktorovna ,   International University "MITSO", Minsk, Belarus
Published: May 2022

Strategic development is presented as an organic set of functional elements — development strategies at successive time intervals of development and their connections. Strategic planning of an organization is presented as a set of individual functional elements and their links, focused on achieving the goal. From an organizational point of view, strategic planning is presented as a time-structured project that develops over time and contains a strict sequence of elements (stages). Financial planning is an infrastructural element in the strategic planning system. The basic principles on which the methodology of the project presentation of the strategic development of the organization is based as a systematic way of economic thinking are formulated.
Organizational diversity of the world and organization theory
Authors:   Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research, Moscow University for the Humanities, Voskoboinikov Anatoliy Emmanuilovich
Published: May 2022

The article presents important materials on the course "Concepts of Modern Natural Science". The author considers the theory of organization, referring to a variety of related issues, including synergetics as a theory of the development of nonlinear systems. The article shows that among the most important features of modern science, there is also the following: science has moved to the study of complex and supercomplex organized objects, which were studied before, but by significantly simplifying their structure. To study objects in all the complexity of their organization, a new conceptual apparatus and a new research methodology were required. The most fundamental concepts of matter and energy were supplemented by such concepts as organization, self-organization, and information. Structured system analysis was added to the traditional general scientific methods. The author demonstrates how the new concepts of "organization", "system", "structure" and related notions help to solve new methodological problems.
Using the Examus proctoring system during distance learning at the Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Goryachkina A.Yu. , Koryagina O.M. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Goryunova I.A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow
Published: May 2022

The article considers the results of an experiment using the Examus proctoring system for conducting control measures at the Department of Engineering Graphics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, in the period of distance learning and the stages of work in the system. There are three versions of proctoring: 1. Proctor is a person. The test taker is watched by a live person through a monitor screen: the person organizes control and decides on the pass/no pass of the exam. Completed tasks are checked separately from each other. 2. Proctor is a computer. It is a special technical program that recognizes the "undesirable" behavior of the subjects. The quality of recognition is constantly being improved. At the moment, such systems are able to track and analyze the direction of gaze, the style of tapping on the keyboard, the manner of conversation, etc. The results of testing are summed up by a computer without any human intervention. 3. Human and computer. In this case, the exam is controlled by the program, and the person is engaged in checking the results. If the test subject behaves strangely or suspiciously, the program will issue a warning, record everything and inform the proctor about it. The third version was used in the experiment, which greatly facilitated the work of the teachers. In this case, there is no need to monitor each student or in the personal presence of examiners during the tests and exams The Examus proctoring system has a psychological effect, it makes students abandon attempts at deception, and the very fact of observation becomes a great help in ensuring the reliability of test results. The article provides specific examples of students' violations during the exam. An analysis of the Examus system has been carried out, confirming its effectiveness in terms of such indicators as the reliability of identity verification and the reduction of time costs.
INVERSE CAUCHY PROBLEM FOR BEAMS IN BUILDING STRUCTURES
Authors:   Southwest State University, LOKTIONOV A.P.
Published: May 2022

A quality index of the coefficient grid inverse Cauchy problem for beams in building structures is proposed. The indicator is based on the theory of regularization of inverse problems. An articulated support of a beam on a column is modeled analytically and by a full-scale experiment. Models of measurement and calculation are investigated for a uniform continuous error rate of deflection measurement and calculation of beam identification parameters. Models differ in various combinations of types of external load. A measure of the influence of the error of the measuring instrument and the distribution of approximation grid nodes on the error in determining the coefficients of the beam deflection equation with a fixed first coefficient is proposed. The measure of influence is described by the dimensionless absolute condition number of the problem. The values of the dimensionless absolute condition number and the quality index of the problem are analyzed depending on the distribution of approximation grid nodes, the error of the measuring instrument, and the type of measurement and calculation model. It is proposed to use the obtained analytical dependencies for the analysis of building structures at the stage of experimental and theoretical studies.
DEPLANATION HYPOTHESES FOR ANGULAR DEFORMATIONS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES UNDER COMBINED TORSION AND BENDING
Authors:   Southwestern State University, KOLCHUNOV VL.I.
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes the hypothesis of deplanation of angular deformations in reinforced concrete structures during bending with torsion. A simple method from the field of the grid methods for approximating the deformations of complex functions under the 3D stress state is considered. Diagrams of angular and linear deformations in such structures were built and analyzed to find these deformations, bending and torques perceived by the concrete of the compressed area using the accepted hypotheses and coefficients for projecting normal and shear stresses (strains) through diagrams of compressed concrete and working reinforcement. Approximating the calculated section by small squares, a spatial surface of deformations was constructed. This is with the corresponding gradients of these deformations in the section with a crack, and on this basis, expressions were written for the total longitudinal deformations in the section and shear deformations in the section of the element during bending with torsion. Using the membrane analogy of the Timoshenko-Goodyear stress functions and the proposed version of new complex functions from the field of the grid method, an analysis was made of its error, when we find the value of complex functions at the considered characteristic points (2%) and at any points of the cross section (7%). The use of the proposed hypotheses and the given version of complex functions makes it possible considering the warping of the 3D stressed section of a reinforced concrete element with cracks undergoing bending with torsion.
Influência da presença de pneumonia no tempo de ventilação mecânica invasiva em pacientes com AVC internados em um hospital terciário
Authors: Souza Bianca Melo de , Caldeira Julia Rodrigues , Oliveira Sabrina de Freitas , Cannonieri-Nonose Gianna Carla
Published: May 2022

Introdução. A necessidade de ventilação mecânica (VM) invasiva durante a internação em pacientes com Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) costuma estar associada a piores desfechos, principalmente na presença de pneumonia. Objetivo. Avaliar a ocorrência de pneumonia em pacientes com AVC em uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva e os desfechos a ela relacionados. Método. Foram selecionados prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes vítimas de acidente vascular cerebral que necessitaram de ventilação mecânica em um período de 3 anos. Resultados. Dos 104 prontuários selecionados inicialmente, 83 pacientes permaneceram em ventilação mecânica e foram incluídos no estudo. A média de idade foi 57,34±12,44 anos, sendo 59 pacientes (71,08%) com acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico. O tempo médio de ventilação mecânica foi de 10,66±7,95 dias e o tempo de unidade de terapia intensiva média de 11,01±7,33 dias. As altas ocorreram em 31 casos (37,80%) e os óbitos em 51 (62,20%). No período analisado 30 pacientes apresentaram pneumonia e o tempo médio de VM foi de 14,83±8,30 dias e o de UTI foi de 15,31±7,85 dias. A taxa de traqueostomia também foi mais significativa neste grupo. Conclusão. A pneumonia ocorreu em 36,14% dos casos e não foi observado impacto na mortalidade a curto prazo, mas sua presença aumentou o tempo de permanência na UTI, de ventilação mecânica e a necessidade de traqueostomia nesses pacientes.
Funcionalidade e função respiratória de pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica
Authors: Lima Carvalho Letícia Cristina , Araújo de Morais Letícia , Lôbo Corrêa Paulo Fernando
Published: May 2022

Introdução. A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa progressiva que afeta os motoneurônios superiores e inferiores. O quadro clínico envolve fraqueza muscular progressiva e insuficiência respiratória (IR). Objetivo. relacionar a funcionalidade global e as alterações respiratórias relatadas pelos pacientes com ELA por meio da Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Rating Functional Scale (ALSFRS-R/BR) com os resultados dos exames respiratórios de Pico de Fluxo de Tosse (PFT) e Capacidade Vital Forçada (CVF). Método. trata-se de um estudo quantitativo com delineamento transversal analítico realizado em um centro de reabilitação em Goiás. Participaram do estudo indivíduos com diagnóstico de ELA. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio da análise de prontuários. Foram avaliadas a função respiratória por meio do PFT e CVF, e a funcionalidade global, por meio da ALSFRS-R/BR. Foi realizada uma correlação entre a função respiratória e a funcionalidade global avaliadas por meio da ALSFRS-R/BR com PFT e CVF. Resultados. Participaram do estudo 38 indivíduos com ELA. A média de idade foi de 57,68±11,23 anos. Houve correlação negativa significativa entre CVF e IR, relatada pela ALSFRS-R/BR, e correlação positiva significante entre o escore total da ALSFRS-R/BR com PFT. Conclusão. Houve correlação positiva entre a funcionalidade global avaliada pela ALSFRS-R/BR e a função respiratória por meio do PFT. Os indivíduos que não utilizam suporte ventilatório têm menores valores de CVF quando comparados com os que o utilizam.
Creative Tourism in Vila Nova de Foz Côa:
Authors: Liberato Dália , Vasconcelos Sandra , Paulos Adriana , Liberato Pedro , Melo Carla
Published: May 2022

The tourism industry is constantly evolving, mostly due to the development of destinations and ever-changing tourist preferences. As a result, there has been a growing concern with promoting the use of existing resources and increasing profitability, particularly by encouraging diversity and creating local dynamics, moving beyond mass tourism. As tourists show a preference for more personalized and authentic experiences, there is also a growing demand for different experiences, paving the way for creative tourism and co-created activities.

Focusing on creative tourism in Vila Nova de Foz Côa, this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the concept of creative tourism, as well as to identify its potential and impact on this region. Drawing from a literature review crosscutting the concepts of authenticity, creativity, and memorability, and on semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders, authors put forward a comprehensive analysis of the state of the art of local policies and available tourism activities, outlining key-areas for future development.

Overall, the main results of this research show that creative tourism in Vila Nova de Foz Côa is still at an early stage, and even though there is a common interest in developing this practice, it is necessary to improve the relationship between the different stakeholders, particularly when it comes to their communication and involvement in shared initiatives. On the other hand, given the potential of the region, it was also possible to identify prospective tourism products and activities, which can leverage future initiatives within this scope.
Shift work and quality of life on tourism, hospitality and restaurant industry: the Portuguese Context
Authors: Silva Susana , Martins Dora
Published: May 2022

This research aims to study the association between shift work and the quality of life of workers. On the one hand quality of life includes several aspects of life (e.g. personal, family, marital or social) and serves as an important aspect in understanding the well-being of individuals in relationship with work life. On the other hand, shift work can be defined as any work organization of working hours that differs from the traditional diurnal work period. Furthermore, they are two factors strongly related, considering the increasing use of shift work in industry and services, especially from tourism, hospitality, and restaurant sectors, where shift work has the potential to disrupt different aspects of quality life.

The main objective of this study is to characterize the quality of life of shift workers in the tourism, hospitality, and restaurant industry. More specifically to characterize their workers’ personal life, family life, marital life, and social life.

Through an online questionnaire, data were collected from 122 shift workers linked to the tourism, hotel, and restaurant industry in Portugal. Data were analysed with IBM SPSS 27.0.

Results showed significant differences between workers from fixed and rotative shifts for the personal life satisfaction level whereas workers from fixed shifts reported higher levels of satisfaction. Workers in the morning shift reported higher levels of personal life and family life satisfaction than workers that are not in the morning shifts. There are no differences between the satisfaction levels for workers from the afternoon, night, or weekend shifts. There are no differences among the marital life satisfaction according to the kind of shift (fixed or rotative; morning, afternoon, night, or weekend shift).

This study provides several insights into the shift work theory and practice and contributes to knowledge of how human resource management will be reconfigured some practices to support the quality of life of shift workers in this industry. Limitations and future research suggestions are drawn in the last part of the paper.
Shaping the new normal:
Authors: Melo Carla , Melo António , Vasconcelos Sandra , Meneses Daniela
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a worldwide crisis, which has had an impact on all economic sectors, having transformed social and consumption patterns. This crisis has been particularly difficult for the tourism industry, with uncertainty and the emergence of new consumer profiles and demands prompting swift reactions from policymakers and stakeholders.

Focussing on two sub-sectors of the Portuguese tourism industry – hospitality and events – this paper aims to identify the most relevant concerns and Crisis Management Strategies adopted in each of these sectors in the early stages of the pandemic, putting forward a multi-layered analysis, juxtaposing the different challenges faced by managers and how they were approached. Based on previous studies and on 14 semi-structured interviews with hotel and event managers, the authors adopted an exploratory qualitative approach as to record and categorize the interviewees’ perceptions, having established the transversal importance of resilience, flexibility, and technology for each sector’s recovery. Moreover, taking into account the singularity of each setting, the authors were also able to identify more specific sectorial categories, which have had an effect on both the decision-making and future outlooks for both the hospitality and events industries. Overall, despite being hopeful, hotel and event managers anticipate different recovery challenges, with the first highlighting the importance of soft skills, and the latter emphasizing the need to regain the public’s confidence, at the same time they will have to rethink their offer as to better address current needs and concerns.