bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relevance of Matrices and Image Processing
Authors: . Vishali , Singh Harpal , Kaushal Priyanka
Published: July 2020

An image is formed by the small bit of information namely pixel which is stored in the form of an array or a matrix. An image is converted into a digital form and some operations are carried out on this so that an improved image can be obtained and some specific information regarding the same can be recovered too; this procedure is known as image processing. Different processes in image processing involve different methods and operations applied. Matrix Theory has great importance in the operations applied in image processing. This manuscript is focused on the relationship of matrix theory and image processing in various applications of image processing. In order to understand the higher dimension matrices in image processing, some applications are considered to give a good insight.
As reverberações da dança na Educação Infantil
Authors: Do Nascimento Silvia Renata Cabral , Dos Santos Rosirene Campelo
Published: July 2020

Este estudo busca compreender e identificar como acontecem as práticas pedagógicas dançantes na Educação Infantil na cidade de Goiânia, bem como construir propostas de atividades dançantes para essa etapa da educação básica de forma crítica e emancipatória. Sendo assim, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de campo com abordagem qualitativa, cujo procedimento foi a pesquisa-ação. Por meio desta pesquisa, observamos que a dança pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento e formação das crianças e que ela desempenha um papel importante na Educação Infantil para que a criança não seja considerada uma mera reprodutora de movimentos já propostos, e sim que participe deste processo de construção de modo consciente, reconhecendo as suas várias possibilidades de movimentação de forma livre e segura, criando novas (re)significações para a dança.
Cultura Corporal: o “movimento” dialético entre homem e natureza
Authors: De Andrade Leonardo Carlos , De Andrade Jéssica Da Silva Duarte , Lima Wanderson Pereira , Ximenes Priscilla De Andrade Silva
Published: July 2020

Esta produção teve como objetivo retomar e compreender os fundamentos marxistas que constituem a categoria Cultura Corporal, desvelando seu determinante. Realizamos um estudo bibliográfico em clássicos do marxismo e de Marx, concomitantemente a uma análise teórico-filosófica da categoria desde sua gênese e nas produções de autores do campo da Educação Física. Desse modo, pelo método que vai da síncrese à síntese pela mediação da análise, extraímos a essência do objeto para além das aparências, expondo suas mediações fundamentais com marxismo e seu determinante que é o trabalho. Portanto, consideramos que o ser humano não se desloca sem intencionalidade, não se movimenta aleatoriamente, pois não se separa a vida humana do movimento humano, ou seja, o ser humano não se “move”, ele “age”, e o agir teleológico entendemos aqui como trabalho.
“Política de consenso” a contragosto: contributo histórico-crítico à formação de professores em Educação Física
Authors: Maia Júlio César Apolinário , Sacardo Michele Silva
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo busca apreender, na Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC), uma alternativa teórico-pedagógica, ante os princípios adotados pelas Diretrizes Curriculares da Educação Física (DCNEF), para a formação de professores nesta área. Para tanto, valendo-se da Pesquisa Bibliográfica como tipologia por delineamento, contextualiza numa primeira seção o pa norama conflituoso que tem cerceado, nos últimos anos, a especificidade das políticas que parametrizam a formação de professores nesta área. Por conseguinte, apreende influentes elementos articulados às políticas educacionais da década de 1990 que implicam no campo do pensamento educacional brasileiro e, consequentemente, nos fundamentos da educação que permeiam a formação de professores em Educação Física. O esforço de síntese paira sobre o enaltecimento de subsídios teóricos advindos de uma teoria pedagógica progressista revolucionária, a PHC, em contraproposta à direção tomada pela formação de professores em Educação Física.
Pelaksanaan Metode Pembelajaran Picture And Picture Oleh Guru Fikih Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Rasyid Simpang Tiga Sungai Luar Kecamatan Batang Tuaka
Authors: Nurlianti Nurlianti , Napratilora Martina
Published: July 2020

Penggunaan metode dalam pembelajaran Fikih sangat diperlukan agar siswa dapat mencapai tujuan pembelajaran, oleh sebab itu, guru perlu menggunakan metode yang bervariasi sehingga peserta didik tidak cepat bosan, dan tujuan pembelajaran yang diharapkan dapat dicapai. Salah satu metode yang dapat meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran adalah metode pembelajaran Picture and Picture. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan metode pembelajaran Picture and Picture oleh guru Fikih di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Rasyid Simpang TIga Sungai Luar Kecamatan Batang Tuaka dan faktor yang mendukung dan menghambatnya..Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan metode pembelajaran Picture and Picture oleh guru Fikih di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Rasyid Simpang TIga Sungai Luar Kecamatan Batang Tuaka diperoleh persentase sebesar 67% yang dikategorikan “Baik” karena berada pada interval 61%-80% dengan faktor yang mendukungnya sikap mental guru yang menginginkan kemudahan bagi siswa menerima materi ajar sehingga menggunakan alat bantu berupa gambar contoh, ketersediaan alat peraga atau media pembelajaran yang memadai di madrasah, ketersediaan buku referensi di perpustakaan sehingga memudahkan guru dan siswa mencari materi pelajaran dan faktor penghambatnya adalah guru kadang-kadang kesulitan dalam menghadapi perbedaan dari siswa, guru kadang-kadang kesulitan dalam menentukan gambar yang cocok/sesuai dengan materi ajar, guru kadang-kadang kesulitan mengatur waktu dalam proses pembelajaran.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa dalam Menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia Dengan Menggunakan Metode Drill di kelas 2 Min 1 Indragiri Hilir
Authors: Normah Normah
Published: July 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah metode Drill dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa untuk menggunakan bahasa Indonesia di Kelas 2 MIN 1 Tembilahan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 2 MIN Tembilahan. Mereka berjumlah 30 orang. Kelas ini dipilih sebagai tempat penelitian karena peneliti sebagai guru dikelas tersebut menemukan bahwa rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, 2 siklus penelitian tindakan kelas telah dilaksanakan. Setiap siklus terdiri dari 4 pertemuan. 3 pertemuan adalah pengajaran dengan menggunakan latihan dan satu lagi untuk ujian. Sebanyak. Metode yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data adalah observasi (untuk melihat kegiatan siswa dan guru selama pelaksanaan latihan), dan tes (untuk mengamati kemampuan siswa untuk berbicara bahasa Indonesia). Setelah menyelesaikan 2 siklus, peneliti menemukan bahwa metode Drill dapat Meningkatkan kemampuan siswa menggunakan bahasa Indonesia. Dengan demikian dapat peneliti simpulkan bahwa metode drill dapat membantu siswa dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mereka dalam berbahasa Indonesia
Toward Ceramic Anticorrosion Coatings: A Review
Authors: Ye Kaixuan , Li Zili
Published: July 2020

Ceramic coatings have attracted significant attention for anticorrosion application, given the chemical stability. Although many satisfactory results have been achieved, there is no review on the latest research progress of ceramic anticorrosion coatings. For the first time, this paper systematically reviews the lastest advances of ceramic anticorrosion coatings. First, the preparation technologies of ceramic coatings are described in detail. Toughening, as the key to the anticorrosion of ceramic coatings, is also highlighted. The corrosion mechanisms of ceramic coatings are also illustrated. The paper concludes with some doubts of ceramic coatings and outlining the trend for future research.
Improved water vapour retrieval from AMSU-B and MHS in the Arctic
Authors: Triana-Gómez Arantxa M. , Heygster Georg , Melsheimer Christian , Spreen Gunnar , Negusini Monia , Petkov Boyan H.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Monitoring of water vapour in the Arctic on long timescales is essential for predicting Arctic weather and understanding climate trends, as well as addressing its influence on the positive feedback loop contributing to Arctic amplification. However, this is challenged by the sparseness of in situ measurements and the problems that standard remote sensing retrieval methods for water vapour have in Arctic conditions.
Here, we present advances in a retrieval algorithm for vertically integrated water vapour (total water vapour, TWV) in polar regions from data of satellite-based microwave humidity sounders: (1) in addition to AMSU-B (Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B), we can now also use data from the successor instrument MHS (Microwave Humidity Sounder), and (2) artefacts caused by high cloud ice content in convective clouds are filtered out.
Comparison to in situ measurements using GPS and radiosondes during 2008 and 2009, as well as to radiosondes during the N-ICE2015 campaign and to ERA5 reanalysis, show the overall good performance of the updated algorithm.
Better molecular preservation of organic matter in an oxic than in a sulfidic depositional environment: evidence from Thalassiphora pelagica (Dinoflagellata, Eocene) cysts
Authors: Versteegh Gerard J. M. , Houben Alexander J. P. , Zonneveld Karin A. F.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Anoxic sediments, as compared to oxic settings, encompass a much higher
proportion of relatively labile and thus more reactive organic matter,
naturally giving rise to structural changes of the organic molecules
themselves, as well as cross-linking between them (e.g., through reactive
sulfur species). Both processes transform the original biomolecules into
geomolecules. For the oxic environment, these intermolecular and intramolecular
transformations also operate, but cross-linking may be less important since
the labile, reactive component is rapidly removed. As such, one may expect
a structurally better preservation of the more refractory initial
biomolecules in the oxic environment. To test this hypothesis, initially
identical biomolecules need to be compared between different preservational
environments. Here, we use the species-specific morphology of organic
microfossils to assure a single initial biosynthetic product (the cysts of
the fossil dinoflagellate species Thalassiphora pelagica) for comparison. We assess the
macromolecular structures of cysts from the Eocene (∼40 Ma)
sulfidic Rhine Graben and the oxic Kerguelen Plateau and compare them with
each other and the structures of recent cysts. While between the sites the
T. pelagica cysts are morphologically identical and show no signs of morphological
modification, pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectroscopy and micro
Fourier transform infrared analyses show that their macromolecular
characteristics are strongly different. Comparison with recent cysts shows
that the cysts deposited in the sulfidic Rhine Graben show a strong
additional contribution of long-chain aliphatic moieties and thus less
diagenetic intermolecular cross-linking. The presence of organic sulfur
identifies natural volcanization as one of the diagenetic processes.
Furthermore, we observe a loss of bound oxygen and no trace of the original
carbohydrate signature of the cyst wall biomacromolecule. The material
deposited in the oxic sediments of the Kerguelen Plateau shows no traces of
sulfurization. It shows a minor contribution of short carbon chains only
and thus less diagenetic intermolecular cross-linking. Furthermore, a
carbohydrate signature was still preserved evidencing a better molecular
preservation of the initial biomacromolecule, supporting our initial
hypothesis. This shows that excellent morphological preservation does not
imply excellent chemical preservation. It also leads to the conclusion that
the best preservation of molecular structure is not necessarily where most
organic matter gets preserved, which, in turn, is important for
understanding the nature and fate of sedimentary organic matter and its
isotopic signature.
El papel de la Biblioteca Nacional de España en la preservación y digitalización del patrimonio sonoro
Authors: López Lorenzo María Jesus
Published: July 2020

La misión de la Biblioteca Nacional de España es conservar y difundir el patrimonio documental español en todos los soportes. Probablemente salvaguardar las grabaciones sonoras y  la memoria oral sea la que plantea mayor número de problemas a las instituciones patrimoniales, que los custodian, pues no solo deben conservar el documento en sí, sino lo que en ellos se contiene.

La colección de grabaciones sonoras de la Biblioteca Nacional de España asciende a unos 600.000 documentos, desde los antiguos rollos de pianola, cilindros de cera, cintas magnéticas, discos de vinilo, discos de pizarra, etc., hasta las más modernas grabaciones en soporte digital. La digitalización y preservación de las grabaciones sonoras musicales y Archivo de la palabra es uno de los objetivos prioritarios de la política de gestión de la colección, debido a la fragilidad de los documentos y a la obsolescencia de los aparatos que los reproducen. A ello se une el reto actual de asumir como biblioteca patrimonial la incorporación a sus colecciones de cualquier tipo de documento sonoro físico como virtual, además de la recolección y conservación de las páginas web, respetando el marco legal que les afecta. La colaboración con productores, distribuidores y plataformas digitales de distribución, permitirá que la BNE continúe su papel primordial de recopilar, preservar y difundir los documentos sonoros patrimoniales e integrantes indiscutibles del patrimonio cultural español. De ahí que la biblioteca participe activamente en los cambios propuestos en la nueva ley del Patrimonio Histórico Español, para que este tipo de documentos tengan un reconocimiento y protección más específico y amplio al amparo de la ley.
Oír o escuchar: una experiencia para el tratamiento y la gestión de documentos sonoros en la universidad
Authors: Sepich Julieta
Published: July 2020

El artículo propone una serie de reflexiones en torno a la experiencia pedagógica de Archivos de Imagen y Sonido, asignatura de la Especialización en Archivología del Departamento de Bibliotecología y Ciencia de la Información. Se centra en los diversos abordajes teórico-prácticos sobre la documentación sonora y la implementación de los procesos técnicos necesarios para una gestión adecuada. Observa la adquisición de destrezas y habilidades en torno a los lenguajes sonoros para propiciar una clasificación y descripción eficientes. Intenta describir la escena actual -y actualizada- para facilitar el diagrama de un mapa posible que se presenta complejo, diverso, heterogéneo y repleto de fragilidades. De esta manera, favorece un enfoque inter, multi y transdisciplinar. Estas formulaciones son imprescindibles para que la disciplina archivística y otras que, de manera solidaria, asistan o redefinan los parámetros para la gestión de documentos. Considera la práctica docente como un ejercicio reflexivo considerado central a la hora del abordaje de documentación sonora, su metodología específica y sus productos archivísticos. Hace visible, por último, las posibles extrapolaciones entre la experiencia áulica y lo que podemos denominar una sistematización disruptiva en la producción de conocimiento.
From Perspective to Practice: Gauging the Awareness and Integration Level of ICT in Teaching Process at Secondary Level in District Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
Authors: Rajput Naseem Hyder , Ahsan Bukhari Syed Muhammad , Noonari Narmeen , Solangi Ghulam Muhiuddin , Soomro Masood Ahmed , Dahri Abdul Waheed
Published: July 2020

Pakistan, in the last 10 years, has witnessed a fast and deep penetration of computers, internet, and android cell phones in the everyday lives of the teachers. The education process has yet to enjoy the full benefits of this technology despite the implementation of 3g/4g technologies and a surge of android cell phones. Therefore, teachers being an integral and vital part of the education process need to be well aware of the importance and should be trained at incorporating ICT in their daily teaching processes. This survey-based descriptive study gauged the familiarity of High School Teachers with ICT and its level of incorporation in the teaching process at the secondary level. The population of this study was 617 (N=617) High School Teachers belonging to 61 secondary schools of the district. About 245 teachers who participated in this study were randomly selected from 24 secondary schools. A self-developed questionnaire was distributed to these teachers. All the questionnaires were filled and returned. About 8 of these questionnaires were incomplete and therefore were deemed unusable. Therefore, only 237 questionnaires were used for data analysis. The findings of this study indicated that only 15% of the participants knew about ICT and its uses in the teaching process. Internet browsing, e-mailing and operating a CD Rom device as well-known aspects and simulations, problem-solving software, and graphics were some of the ICT aspects which the participants appeared to be familiar with. Findings about the level of incorporation in the teaching process revealed that computer labs were available in about 15% of the schools; about 55% of the participants owned android cell phones; 45% had self-access to the internet and these android phones were mostly used for communication with other teachers and parents. About 2% used ICT for teaching specific subjects; out of the 2% that used ICT for teaching, only 0.5 % used it as an essential part of daily instruction. The results also show that 0.25% of participants were formally trained in ICT. ICT was mostly used for finding and accessing and downloading educational materials. Less frequently used of ICT included making lectures, drills, and practice, preparing lesson plans, and video lecturing.
An adaptive k nearest neighbour method for imputation of missing traffic data based on two similarity
Authors: Wang Yang , Xiao Yu , Lai Jianhui , Chen Yanyan
Published: July 2020

Traffic flow is one of the fundamental parameters for traffic analysis and planning. With the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems, a large number of various detectors have been deployed in urban roads and, consequently, huge amount of data relating to the traffic flow are accumulatively available now. However, the traffic flow data detected through various detectors are often degraded due to the presence of a number of missing data, which can even lead to erroneous analysis and decision if no appropriate process is carried out. To remedy this issue, great research efforts have been made and subsequently various imputation techniques have been successively proposed in recent years, among which the k nearest neighbour algorithm (kNN) has received a great popularity as it is easy to implement and impute the missing data effectively. In the work presented in this paper, we firstly analyse the stochastic effect of traffic flow, to which the suffering of the kNN algorithm can be attributed. This motivates us to make an improvement, while eliminating the requirement to predefine parameters. Such a parameter-free algorithm has been realized by introducing a new similarity metric which is combined with the conventional metric so as to avoid the parameter setting, which is often determined with the requirement of adequate domain knowledge. Unlike the conventional version of the kNN algorithm, the proposed algorithm employs the multivariate linear regression model to estimate the weights for the final output, based on a set of data, which is smoothed by a Wavelet technique. A series of experiments have been performed, based on a set of traffic flow data reported from serval different countries, to examine the adaptive determination of parameters and the smoothing effect. Additional experiments have been conducted to evaluate the competent performance for the proposed algorithm by comparing to a number of widely-used imputing algorithms.
Uromodulin – biomarker of renal function with promising clinical application
Authors: Chojęta Dariusz , Kozioł Małgorzata Maria , Smarz-Widelska Iwona
Published: July 2020

Uromodulin (also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein) is a glycoprotein produced exclusively in the kidneys, mainly in the epithelial cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Under physiological conditions, it is the most abundant urinary protein. A small proportion is released into the renal interstitium and then into the blood, where it can be detected and used as a potential parameter of renal function. Uromodulin has numerous physiological roles and potential pathogenetic significance, including providing protection against urinary tract infections and the formation of urinary deposits, as well as being involved in the immunomodulatory functions and regulation of water and electrolyte balance by the kidneys. Unlike classic renal markers (such as creatinine), uromodulin levels decrease with progressive renal dysfunction. A significant advantage of this parameter is therefore the detectable changes in concentration at the early stages of development of chronic kidney disease. In addition, assessment in clinical materials, such as urine and blood, is relatively simple by immunoenzymatic methods. It is evident that the quantitative determination of uromodulin in blood serum is associated with a lower risk of laboratory error and has a better correlation with renal function. Based on previous studies, Tamm-Horsfall protein / uromodulin can be considered a valuable parameter for standard diagnostics of kidney function and renal diseases. It appears that no other marker is currently able to reflect the integrity and functional state of the renal tubules as sensitively as uromodulin. Due to the potential of this parameter, the article presents and overview of the current information available about uromodulin, as well as the available diagnostic tests and the frequency of their use in clinical practice.
Discipline
Authors: Hammarfelt Björn
Published: July 2020

“Discipline” is commonly used to denote particular areas of knowledge, research and education. Yet, the concept is often not very well defined or even explicitly discussed when used in knowledge organisation and related fields. The aim of this article is to encourage and facilitate further reflections on academic disciplines, while at the same time offering insights on how this elusive concept might be understood. An overarching argument is that “discipline” should foremost be understood in relation to institutional and organisational features, and this is what distinguishes it from related terms such as, field, domain or topic. The etymology and history of the concept are reviewed along with a discussion of attempts to define and conceptualise disciplines. Insights are offered on how disciplines might be studied. Regardless of our views of disciplines, either as inherently out-dated constructs or as important features of a well-functioning academia, it is concluded that further precision or care in explicating the concept is needed.
Die Corona-Pandemie und das Grundgesetz – Anmerkungen nicht nur zu Rechtsfragen
Authors: Knieps Franz
Published: July 2020

Die Bekämpfung der Pandemie durch SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 stellt Staat, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Institutionen aber auch alle Bürgerinnen und Bürger vor bisher unbekannte Herausforderungen. Für das Gesundheitswesen wirft sie eine Vielzahl von Fragen auf, die von grundsätzlicher politischer Bedeutung und für die alltägliche Versorgungspraxis relevant sind. Für Schlussfolgerungen über die künftige Ausgestaltung des Gesundheitswesens ist es noch zu früh. Der Beitrag setzt den Schwerpunkt bei den Rechtsfragen.
Regional differences in «Kolyma» federal highway functioning and settlement systems in adjacent territories
Authors: Demidova K. V. , Makushin M. A.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the results of expedition research in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Magadan region. The current state of the Kolyma Federal highway is analyzed both in terms of technical characteristics (type of pavement, speed of movement, level of vehicle vibrations when driving) and in terms of traffic flows (their volume and structure). It is noted that the highway plays an important role in servicing the transport needs of the population and business of these regions, which affects the state and development of settlements that gravitate to the highway. Heterogeneity in the load on the Yakut and Magadan sections of the route is indicated and the factors of its occurrence are explained. There is negative population dynamics of the main types of settlements located in the zone of influence of the route, determined the reasons of transformation of the existing system of settlement and prospects of development of the study area, identifies the reasons for the differences in transformation processes in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Magadan region. The main factors of differentiation of the Yakut and Magadan segments of the Kolyma highway are identified, among which natural, economic and socio-cultural factors are noted. Two potential scenarios for further development of these regions are considered: the transition of the existing settlement system to shift development or its preservation. The main conclusions are supported by statistical information and materials of expedition research.
Igualdad de género en las ONG para el desarrollo de Gipuzkoa: mito o realidad
Authors: Ubani Bazán Cristina
Published: July 2020

Las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales para el Desarrollo (ONGD) plantean a nuestra sociedad debates éticos, sociales, políticos y económicos que actúan a modo de espejo en el que se reflejan nuestras contradicciones y problemas. A su vez son organizaciones compuestas por mujeres y hombres que viven en sociedades concretas, con modelos culturales construidos y transmitidos de manera eficaz, muchas veces invisibles, que nos marcan profundamente estereotipos y sesgos, entre ellos los de género, que, si no sabemos ver y enfrentar, es muy difícil que consigamos revertir. Planteamos el estudio de ONGD guipuzcoanas en tres bloques de análisis: en sus planteamientos ideológicos, en su estructura y en su cultura organizativa para tratar de descubrir una posible brecha entre el discurso teórico sobre la igualdad y la realidad practicada. El objetivo es determinar si existe una diferencia entre el discurso aprendido y la igualdad real en sus propias organizaciones y acciones. Analizamos, dentro de una aproximación teórica, el papel de las mujeres en la cooperación al desarrollo, de los marcos normativos y teórico en los que viven y desarrollan su trabajo estas ONGD guipuzcoanas, los principales mitos y sesgos que se manifiestan en estas organizaciones y que pudieran ser responsables de un discurso aprendido en temas relacionados con la igualdad.Non-Governmental Development Organisations (NGDO) raise ethical, social, political and economic issues for debate which serve to highlight our society’s problems and contradictions. At the same time they are organisations comprised of men and women who live in real societies whose well-established cultural models, transmitted efficiently and often invisibly, strongly influence stereotypes and perception, among which is that of gender, which are difficult to change unless we learn to recognise and confront them. The study of NGDOs in Gipuzkoa focuses analysis on three aspects: their ideological positions, their structure and their organisational culture in an attempt to discover a possible gap that exists between theoretical discourse about equality and the practical reality. Our objective is to determine whether there exists a dif­ference between learned discourse and real equality in their own organisations and actions. We analyse, from a theoretical perspective, the role of women in Development Cooperation and the normative and theoretical frameworks that govern the work carried out by these NGDOs in Gipuzkoa as well as the principal myths that are used in organisations, which could be responsible for the learned discourse in subjects relating to equality
Further remarks on the deflexion and grammaticalization of the Old English past participle with habban
Authors: Martin Arista Javier
Published: July 2020

This article deals with the transitive construction involving habban and the past participle in Old English, and focuses on the loss of the adjectival segment of the participial inflection. The analysis is based on data retrieved from the York–Toronto–Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose. Inflectional morphology and constituent order, including the relative and the absolute position of the past participle, are considered. The data indicate that the reanalysis the habban+past participle construction is nearly over by the end of the period.
Galileo and the Enigma of -ic/-ical Adjectives: New Techniques to Meet Old Challenges
Authors: Lidong Ma , Tarp Sven
Published: July 2020

One of the challenges that non-native speakers are facing when writing in English is the use of the suffixes -ic and -ical in connection with a big number of adjectives. L2 learners, even at a high proficiency level, sometimes have doubts about the form they should use in a concrete context. Other times they are simply not aware that they have a problem. The article will look at the assistance they can get in traditional dictionaries as well as some of the new digital writing assistants. It will analyze and classify adjectives ending in -ic and -ical and try to detect some trends that may be relevant for learners at different levels. It will then propose a multidimensional solution that can be incorporated into a digital writing assistant. The proposal includes various types of assistance, even to writers who are not aware of any problem. It also has a pedagogical dimension that makes it particularly relevant to non-native learners of English.
BRIKS og os
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Kinas økonomiske model ved vejs ende
Authors: Jensen Kim Rathcke
Published: July 2020

Kim Rathcke Jensen skriver om begrænserne ved Kinas økonomiske model.
Afrikas hjerte
Authors: Andersen Erik André
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Late Miocene deep-sea trace fossil associations in the Vera Basin, Almería, Southeastern Spain
Authors: Ekdale Allan A , De Gibert Jordi M
Published: July 2020

The Vera Basin in southeastern Spain was a small, tectonically active depocenter throughout the Miocene. In the early Messinian, approximately 7.2 to 6.0 million years ago, the basin received hemipelagic marl deposits that were punctuated by turbidite events. Soles of thin, turbidite sand beds preserve an abundance of pre-depositional graphoglyptid (agrichnial) burrows that represent diverse deep-sea ichnocoenoses, including Paleodictyon, Urohelminthoida and Helminthorhaphe. Post-depositional feeding burrows, including Ophiomorpha (created by crustaceans) and Scolicia (created by echinoids) occur sparsely in some turbidite beds, but they are far out-numbered by the pre-depositional agrichnial burrows. This diverse trace fossil association occurred in a small, short-lived, coastal basin that apparently never got more than a few hundred meters deep. As the basin opened up and flooded in the Late Miocene, the sea floor was colonized rapidly by benthic organisms of uncertain biological affinity, who created a wide variety of anastomosing and meandering tunnels, in which a nourishing food supply (probably bacteria or fungi) apparently grew on mucus-lined walls
Artichnus giberti isp. nov., a possible holothurian burrow from the Miocene of El camp de Tarragona Basin (NE Spain)
Authors: Belaústegui Zain , Domènech Rosa , Martinell Jordi
Published: July 2020

A new ichnotaxon, Artichnus giberti isp. nov., is described in the marine middle Miocene (Serravallian) of the El Camp de Tarragona Basin, north eastern Spain. It is a mostly horizontal and rectilinear, tubular burrow with laminated lining. Artichnus giberti is interpreted as the result of the burrowing activity of a deposit- or suspension-feeding, worm- like animal, most likely a holothurian. This new Iberian occurrence extends the known temporal and geographical records of the ichnogenus Artichnus, which was previously restricted to the Eocene of Poland
Hilbert-Schmidtness of weighted composition operators and their differences on Hardy spaces
Authors: Lo Ching-on , Wai-keung Loh Anthony
Published: July 2020

Let \(u\) and \(\varphi\) be two analytic functions on the unit disk \(\mathbb{D}\) such that \(\varphi(\mathbb{D}) \subset \mathbb{D}\). A weighted composition operator \(uC_{\varphi}\) induced by \(u\) and \(\varphi\) is defined on \(H^2\), the Hardy space of \(\mathbb{D}\), by \(uC_{\varphi}f := u \cdot f \circ \varphi\) for every \(f\) in \(H^2\). We obtain sufficient conditions for Hilbert-Schmidtness of \(uC_{\varphi}\) on \(H^2\) in terms of function-theoretic properties of \(u\) and \(\varphi\). Moreover, we characterize Hilbert-Schmidt difference of two weighted composition operators on \(H^2\).
A collection of hexactinellids (Porifera) from the deep South Atlantic and North Pacific: new genus, new species and new records
Authors: Castello-Branco Cristiana , Collins Allen G. , Hajdu Eduardo
Published: July 2020

This article describes or redescribes four hexactinellid sponges, namely Poliopogon amadou, Euplectella sanctipauli sp. nov., Bolosoma perezi sp. nov. and Advhena magnifica gen. et sp. nov. P. amadou, E. sanctipauli sp. nov. and B. perezi sp. nov. represent new findings for the South Atlantic deep-sea fauna, including the first record of Bolosoma for this ocean. Advhena magnifica gen. et sp. nov., on the other hand, was collected by NOAA oceanographic expeditions in the North Pacific (Pigafetta Guyot).
Tuning Interfacial Properties by Spontaneously Generated Organic Interlayers in Top‐Contact‐Structured Organic Transistors
Authors: Choi Giheon , Oh Seungtaek , Seo Jungyoon , Lee Hwa Sung
Published: July 2020

Controlling the interfacial properties between the electrode and active layer in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) can significantly affect their contact properties, resulting in improvements in device performance. However, it is difficult to apply to top‐contact‐structured OFETs (one of the most useful device structures) because of serious damage to the organic active layer by exposing solvent. Here, a spontaneously controlled approach is explored for optimizing the interface between the top‐contacted source/drain electrode and the polymer active layer to improve the contact resistance (RC). To achieve this goal, a small amount of interface‐functionalizing species is blended with the p‐type polymer semiconductor and functionalized at the interface region at once through a thermal process. The RC values dramatically decrease after introduction of the interfacial functionalization to 15.9 kΩ cm, compared to the 113.4 kΩ cm for the pristine case. In addition, the average field‐effect mobilities of the OFET devices increase more than three times, to a maximum value of 0.25 cm2 V−1 s−1 compared to the pristine case (0.041 cm2 V−1 s−1), and the threshold voltages also converge to zero. This study overcomes all the shortcomings observed in the existing results related to controlling the interface of top‐contact OFETs by solving the discomfort of the interface optimization process.
Contextual complexity of chemical signals in callitrichids
Authors: Snowdon Charles T. , Ziegler Toni E.
Published: July 2020

In nearly four decades our research and that of others on chemical signaling in callitrichid primates suggest a high degree of contextual complexity in both the use of signals and the response to these signals. We describe our research including observational field studies, behavioral bioassays (“playbacks”), functional imaging, and conditioning studies. Scent marking in both captivity and the wild is used for more than just territorial marking. Social contextual effects are seen in responses by subordinate females responding with ovulatory inhibition only to chemical signals from familiar dominant reproductive females. Males detect ovulation through changes in scent marks. Males responded behaviorally and hormonally to chemical signals of novel ovulating females as a function of their reproductive status (fathers, males paired with a female but not fathers, and single males). Multiple brain areas are activated in males by female chemical signals of ovulation including areas relating to memory, evaluation, and motivation. Furthermore, males can be conditioned to respond sexually to a nonsexual odor demonstrating that learning plays an important role in response to chemical signals. Male androgen and estrone levels changed significantly in response to infant chemical signals as a function of whether the males were fathers or not, whether the odors were from their own versus other infants, as well as the infant's stage of development. Chemical signals in callitrichids are providing a rich source of understanding the context and function of the chemical sensory system and its stimulation of neural, behavioral, and hormonal actions in the recipients.
Are entheseal changes and cross‐sectional properties associated with the shape of the upper limb?
Authors: Kubicka Anna Maria , Myszka Anna
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Reconstruction of the activity of past human populations can be carried out using various skeletal markers; however, the relationship between these methods is not fully understood. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to analyze the relationship between entheseal changes, cross‐sectional properties, and variability in the shape of the upper limb.

Materials and methods

The analyzed material consisted of CT images of 71 right scapulae, humeri, and ulnae belonging to the same individuals from a mediaeval population located in Poland. For each series of bones for the same individual, skeletal markers such as: cross‐sectional properties, entheses and shape variation were assessed. Next, correlations between these three skeletal indicators were calculated.

Results

In general, the models showed that only sex influences entheses. Multivariate regression revealed significant correlation only between ulnar auricular surface shape and two types of mean score for entheses.

Discussion

The findings are inconsistent and stand in contradiction to other research; therefore, we suggest that an assessment of individual activity should be carried out, using as many post‐cranial elements as possible and a variety of methods. This approach will ensure more accurate reconstruction of the activity levels and patterns of archeological groups.
Atomic Physics Studies at the Gamma Factory at CERN
Authors: Budker Dmitry , Crespo López‐Urrutia José R. , Derevianko Andrei , Flambaum Victor V. , Krasny Mieczyslaw Witold , Petrenko Alexey , Pustelny Szymon , Surzhykov Andrey , Yerokhin Vladimir A. , Zolotorev Max
Published: July 2020

The Gamma Factory initiative proposes to develop novel research tools at CERN by producing, accelerating, and storing highly relativistic, partially stripped ion beams in the SPS and LHC storage rings. By exciting the electronic degrees of freedom of the stored ions with lasers, high‐energy narrow‐band photon beams will be produced by properly collimating the secondary radiation that is peaked in the direction of ions' propagation. Their intensities, up to 1017photons per second, will be several orders of magnitude higher than those of the presently operating light sources in the particularly interesting γ–ray energy domain reaching up to 400 MeV. This article reviews opportunities that may be afforded by utilizing the primary beams for spectroscopy of partially stripped ions circulating in the storage ring, as well as the atomic‐physics opportunities made possible by the use of the secondary high‐energy photon beams. The Gamma Factory will enable ground‐breaking experiments in spectroscopy and novel ways of testing fundamental symmetries of nature.
Continuous Synthesis of Aryl Amines from Phenols Utilizing Integrated Packed‐Bed Flow Systems
Authors: Ichitsuka Tomohiro , Takahashi Ikko , Koumura Nagatoshi , Sato Kazuhiko , Kobayashi Shū
Published: July 2020

Aryl amines are important pharmaceutical intermediates among other numerous applications. Herein, an environmentally benign route and novel approach to aryl amine synthesis using dehydrative amination of phenols with amines and styrene under continuous‐flow conditions was developed. Inexpensive and readily available phenols were efficiently converted into the corresponding aryl amines, with small amounts of easily removable co‐products (i.e., H2O and alkanes), in multistep continuous‐flow reactors in the presence of heterogeneous Pd catalysts. The high product selectivity and functional‐group tolerance of this method allowed aryl amines with diverse functional groups to be selectively obtained in high yields over a continuous operation time of one week.
Carrier‐Free Delivery of Precise Drug–Chemogene Conjugates for Synergistic Treatment of Drug‐Resistant Cancer
Authors: Zhu Lijuan , Guo Yuanyuan , Qian Qiuhui , Yan Deyue , Li Yuehua , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhang Chuan
Published: July 2020

Combinatorial antitumor therapies using different combinations of drugs and genes are emerging as promising ways to overcome drug resistance, which is a major cause for the failure of cancer treatment. However, dramatic pharmacokinetic differences of drugs greatly impede their combined use in cancer therapy, raising the demand for drug delivery systems (DDSs) for tumor treatment. By employing fluorescent dithiomaleimide (DTM) as a linker, we conjugate two paclitaxel (PTX) molecules with a floxuridine (FdU)‐integrated antisense oligonucleotide (termed chemogene) to form a drug–chemogene conjugate. This PTX–chemogene conjugate can self‐assemble into a spherical nucleic acid (SNA)‐like micellular nanoparticle as a carrier‐free DDS, which knocks down the expression of P‐glycoprotein and subsequently releases FdU and PTX to exert a synergistic antitumor effect and greatly inhibit tumor growth.
trans‐Selective Aryldifluoroalkylation of Endocyclic Enecarbamates and Enamides by Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Xu Chang , Cheng Ran , Luo Yun‐Cheng , Wang Ming‐Kuan , Zhang Xingang
Published: July 2020

Efficient methods for the dicarbofuntionalization of the cyclic alkenes 2‐pyrroline and 2‐azetine are limited. Particularly, the dicarbofunctionalization of endocyclic enecarbamates to achieve fluorinated compounds remains an unsolved issue. Reported here is a nickel‐catalyzed trans‐selective dicarbofunctionalization of N‐Boc‐2‐pyrroline and N‐Boc‐2‐azetine, a class of endocyclic enecarbamates previously unexplored for transition metal catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization. The reaction can be extended to six‐ and seven‐membered endocyclic enamides. A variety of arylzinc reagents and bromodifluoroacetate, and its derivatives, undergo the reaction, providing straightforward and efficient access to an array of pyrrolidine‐ and azetidine‐containing fluorinated amino acids and oligopeptides, which may have applications in the life sciences.
High‐Fidelity End‐Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) Using Stable and Potent Carbamate Linkages
Authors: Shi Shengyu , Yao Chenzhi , Cen Jie , Li Lei , Liu Guhuan , Hu Jinming , Liu Shiyong
Published: July 2020

Commercial PEG‐amine is of unreliable quality, and conventional PEG functionalization relies on esterification and etherification steps, suffering from incomplete conversion, harsh reaction conditions, and functional‐group incompatibility. To solve these challenges, we propose an efficient strategy for PEG functionalization with carbamate linkages. By fine‐tuning terminal amine basicity, stable and high‐fidelity PEG‐amine with carbamate linkage was obtained, as seen from the clean MALDI‐TOF MS pattern. The carbamate strategy was further applied to the synthesis of high‐fidelity multi‐functionalized PEG with varying reactive groups. Compared to with an ester linkage, amphiphilic PEG‐PS block copolymers bearing carbamate junction linkage exhibits preferential self‐assembly tendency into vesicles. Moreover, nanoparticles of the latter demonstrate higher drug loading efficiency, encapsulation stability against enzymatic hydrolysis, and improved in vivo retention at the tumor region.
Beyond the Polysulfide Shuttle and Lithium Dendrite Formation: Addressing the Sluggish Sulfur Redox Kinetics for Practical High‐Energy Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Zhao Chen , Xu Gui‐Liang , Zhao Tianshou , Amine Khalil
Published: July 2020

Electrolyte modulation simultaneously suppresses polysulfide the shuttle effect and lithium dendrite formation of lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. However, the sluggish S redox kinetics, especially under high S loading and lean electrolyte operation, has been ignored, which dramatically limits the cycle life and energy density of practical Li‐S pouch cells. Herein, we demonstrate that a rational combination of selenium doping, core–shell hollow host structure, and fluorinated ether electrolytes enables ultrastable Li stripping/plating and essentially no polysulfide shuttle as well as fast redox kinetics. Thus, high areal capacity (>4 mAh cm−2) with excellent cycle stability and Coulombic efficiency were both demonstrated in Li metal anode and thick S cathode (4.5 mg cm−2) with a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio (10 μL mg−1). This research further demonstrates a durable Li‐Se/S pouch cell with high specific capacity, validating the potential practical applications.
Highly Efficient and Air‐Stable Lanthanide EuII Complex: New Emitter in Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhan Ge , Wang Liding , Zhao Zifeng , Fang Peiyu , Bian Zuqiang , Liu Zhiwei
Published: July 2020

Luminescent EuII complexes with a characteristic 5d–4f transition have potential applications in many fields. However, their instability in ambient conditions impedes further exploration and application. Herein, we report two new EuII complexes, bis[hydrotris(3‐trifluoromethylpyrazolyl)borate]europium(II) (Eu‐1) and bis[hydrotris(3‐methylpyrazolyl)borate]europium(II) (Eu‐2). Intriguingly, the blue emissive Eu‐1 showed high air stability arising from fluorine protection and close molecular packing, as maintaining a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 91 % (initial 96 %) upon exposure to air over 2200 hours. While the orange emissive Eu‐2 showed a maximum luminance of 30620 cd m−2, and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.5 %, corresponding to an exciton utilization efficiency around 100 % in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). These results could inspire further research on stable and efficient EuII complexes and their application in OLEDs.
Interfacially Bridging Covalent Network Yields Hyperstable and Ultralong Virus‐Based Fibers for Engineering Functional Materials
Authors: Zhou Kun , Zhou Yihao , Yang Hongchao , Jin Huile , Ke Yonggang , Wang Qiangbin
Published: July 2020

We present a strategy of interfacially bridging covalent network within tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) virus‐like particles (VLPs). We arranged T103C cysteine to laterally conjugate adjacent subunits. In the axis direction, we set A74C mutation and systematically investigated candidate from E50C to P54C as the other thiol function site, for forming longitudinal disulfide bond chains. Significantly, the T103C‐TMV‐E50C‐A74C shows the highest robustness in assembly capability and structural stability with the largest length, for TMV VLP to date. The fibers with lengths from several to a dozen of micrometers even survive under pH 13. The robust nature of this TMV VLP allows for reducer‐free synthesis of excellent electrocatalysts for application in harshly alkaline hydrogen evolution.