bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Era in Perforator Flap Surgery for Breast Reconstruction: A Comparative Study of Robotic versus Standard Harvest of Bilateral Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flaps
Authors: Moreira Andrea , Bailey Elizabeth A. , Chen Brian , Nelson William , Li Jenna , Fortunato Richard , Nosik Stanislav , Murariu Daniel
Published: August 2024

Background Traditional deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap harvest splits the anterior sheath, weakening the abdominal wall and predisposing patients to bulge or hernia. Abdominal wall morbidity may be decreased using minimally invasive techniques. We refined a transabdominal approach to the robotic harvest of bilateral DIEP flaps.

Methods A retrospective medical record study involving all patients who underwent bilateral or bipedicled robotic DIEP (rDIEP) or standard DIEP (sDIEP) flap harvest between July 2021 and September 2022. Outcomes included abdominal wall morbidity, total operative time, length of stay (LOS), and complications.

Results Forty-seven patients were included (48 sDIEP flaps, 46 rDIEP flaps) with no significant difference in patient characteristics. Fascial incision length in the rDIEP group was shorter (4.1 vs. 11.7 cm, p < 0.001). Mesh reinforcement of the abdominal wall was used in 13/24 sDIEP and none in rDIEP patients (p < 0.001). Operative time was longer in the rDIEP cohort (739 vs. 630 minutes, p = 0.013), although subanalysis showed no difference in the second half of the cohort. The average robotic dissection time was 135 minutes, which decreased significantly with the surgeon's experience. There were no intraoperative complications from using the robot. LOS was shorter with rDIEP but not statistically significant (3.9 vs. 4.3 days, p = 0.157).

Conclusion This study represents the most extensive cohort analysis of bilateral rDIEP flap harvest, offering a comprehensive comparison to traditional sDIEP. The initial results underscore the viability of robotic techniques for flap harvesting, highlighting potential advantages including reduced fascial incision length and decreased abdominal disruption. Furthermore, using robotics may obviate the necessity for fascial reinforcement with mesh.
Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor—A Challenge to Manage due to Its Rare Existence: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Nandan Neetha , Shetty Vijith , Chaturvedi Roopali
Published: August 2024

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is the rarest type of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. It has variable presentations and is an aggressive tumor. Because of its rarity, it is difficult to establish an appropriate diagnosis, management, and follow-up. A woman of age 45 years postmenopausal status with an antecedent term pregnancy 13 years back was diagnosed to have ETT in the hysterectomy specimen. She had come with urinary retention as the tumor was infiltrating the bladder. Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels were normal. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis. Though metastatic workup was normal, adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy was given as the bladder flap margin was not free of tumor cells and antecedent pregnancy was > 4 years. Every new case of ETT needs to be reported to bring about more awareness of the unusual presentations, and it may help come to a consensus for appropriate management.
Altered Mental Status in Cancer
Authors: Rhee John Y. , Nakhate Vihang , Soares Christy , Tentor Zachary , Dietrich Jorg
Published: August 2024

Patients with cancer experience high rates of alterations in mental status. The mechanisms for altered mental status (AMS) in this population are manifold. The cancer itself may cause AMS through direct invasion of the central nervous system or as metastatic leptomeningeal spread. However, cancer patients are also vulnerable to tumor-associated complications such as seizures, cerebral edema, strokes, or cancer treatment-related complications such as infections, direct neural injury from radiation or chemotherapy, edema, or dysregulated autoimmune response from immunotherapies. Both during treatment and as sequelae, patients may suffer neurocognitive complications from chemotherapy and radiation, medications or opportunistic infections, as well as toxic–metabolic, nutritional, and endocrine complications. In this review, we describe a clinical approach to the cancer patient presenting with AMS and discuss the differential drivers of AMS in this patient population. While common etiologies of AMS in noncancer patients (toxic–metabolic or infectious encephalopathy, delirium) are also applicable to cancer patients, we additionally provide a cancer-specific differential diagnosis that warrants special consideration in the cancer patient with AMS.
Altered Mental Status at the Extreme: Behavioral Evaluation of Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Dhadwal Neha , Cunningham Kyle , Pino William , Hampton Stephen , Fischer David
Published: August 2024

Disorders of consciousness represent altered mental status at its most severe, comprising a continuum between coma, the vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, the minimally conscious state, and emergence from the minimally conscious state. Patients often transition between these levels throughout their recovery, and determining a patient's current level can be challenging, particularly in the acute care setting. Although healthcare providers have classically relied on a bedside neurological exam or the Glasgow Coma Scale to aid with assessment of consciousness, studies have identified multiple limitations of doing so. Neurobehavioral assessment measures, such as the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, have been developed to address these shortcomings. Each behavioral metric has strengths as well as weaknesses when applied in the acute care setting. In this review, we appraise common assessment approaches, outline alternative measures for fine-tuning these assessments in the acute care setting, and highlight strategies for implementing these practices in an interdisciplinary manner.
Wide bandgap semiconductors for radiation detection in extreme conditions
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: August 2024

High barrier Schottky diodes offer potential for increased efficiency without current leakage.
Splitting probabilities as optimal controllers of rare reactive events
Authors: Singh Aditya N. , Limmer David T.
Published: August 2024

The committor constitutes the primary quantity of interest within chemical kinetics as it is understood to encode the ideal reaction coordinate for a rare reactive event. We show the generative utility of the committor in that it can be used explicitly to produce a reactive trajectory ensemble that exhibits numerically exact statistics as that of the original transition path ensemble. This is done by relating a time-dependent analog of the committor that solves a generalized bridge problem to the splitting probability that solves a boundary value problem under a bistable assumption. By invoking stochastic optimal control and spectral theory, we derive a general form for the optimal controller of a bridge process that connects two metastable states expressed in terms of the splitting probability. This formalism offers an alternative perspective into the role of the committor and its gradients in that they encode force fields that guarantee reactivity, generating trajectories that are statistically identical to the way that a system would react autonomously.
MHD stability trends and improved performance of LHD inward-shifted configurations: The role of the neutral beam current drive and thermal plasma density
Authors: Varela J. , Nagaoka K. , Takemura Y. , Watanabe K. Y. , Ida K. , Yoshinuma M. , Nagasaki K. , Cappa A. , Sharapov S. , Spong D. A. , Garcia L. , Ghai Y. , Ortiz J.
Published: August 2024

The aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of the neutral beam current drive (NBCD), thermal plasma density, and NBI operational regime on the stability of pressure gradient-driven modes (PGDM) and Alfvén eigenmodes (AE) in LHD inward-shifted configurations. The stabilization of n/m=1/2 PGDM (n toroidal mode and m poloidal mode) is observed in the discharge 167 800 during the co-NBCD phase. The iota profile evolution measured by motional stark effect diagnostic may indicate the iota profile up-shift caused by the co-NBCD can induce a non-resonant transition of the rational surface 1/2 before the mode stabilization. The evolution of the iota profile and continuum gaps in the discharge 167 805 during the ctr-NBCD phase leads to the stabilization of the AE, caused by the narrowing of the continuum gap as the iota profile down-shift. Opposite stability trends are identified for PGDM and AE stability with respect to the thermal plasma density. A larger thermal plasma density (larger thermal β) further enhances PGDM although the continuum gaps are narrower leading to configurations with stable AEs. The linear stability of AEs is analyzed using the gyro-fluid FAR3d code to reproduce the AE stability trends observed in the experiments with respect to the NBCD and thermal plasma density. The analysis of hypothetical scenarios dedicated to study different NBI operational regimes with respect to EP energy, and β and radial density profiles indicate off-axis NBI operation shows a higher EP β threshold to destabilize AEs compared to on-axis configuration. This is explained by the presence of a TAE gap in the inner plasma region, easily destabilized by an on-axis NBI injection. The control of the NBCD and thermal plasma in the discharge 167 800 shows a transitory stabilization of PGDM and AEs, as well as an improved discharge performance identified by an increment of the neutron fluxes.
The delicate coupling between magnetism and magneto-transport in Fermi-energy-adjusted MnBi2Te4 crystals
Authors: Cao Lin , Lv Yang-Yang , Luo Ye-Cheng , Zhang Yan-Yan , Yao S. H. , Zhou Jian , Chen Y. B. , Chen Yan-Feng
Published: August 2024

We explored the coupling between magnetic and magneto-transport properties in MnBi2Te4 crystals with Fermi energy EF ranging from 10 to 100 meV in the conduction band. Electrical, magnetic, and magneto-transport measurements reveal distinct behaviors depending on EF. At lower EF values (10 meV), MnBi2Te4 exhibits degenerate-semiconductor-like electrical transport and ferrimagnetism, with weak coupling between magneto-resistance and ferrimagnetism. In contrast, MnBi2Te4 displays metallic transport and antiferromagnetism (AFM) at higher Fermi energies, with magneto-resistance strongly coupled to antiferromagnetism and canted antiferromagnetism under a large external magnetic field. Remarkably, Hall measurements demonstrate a pronounced anomalous Hall resistivity (AHR) when the EF of MnBi2Te4 is 10 meV, larger than that reported for other bulk MnBi2Te4 crystals in the literature. Significant AHR is attributed to the Berry-phase effect in electronic-band structure based on first-principles calculation. The evolution of magnetic and magneto-transport properties in EF shifted MnBi2Te4 can be semi-quantitatively explained by the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction between neighboring MnTe layers. Our work suggests that the strongly Fermi-energy-sensitive magneto-transport properties observed in MnBi2Te4 may be useful in developing magnetic sensors/detectors.
Investigation of self-focusing of Gaussian laser beams within magnetized plasma via source-dependent expansion method
Authors: Molavi Choobini A. A. , Ghaffari-Oskooei S. S.
Published: August 2024

Self-focusing emerges as a nonlinear optical phenomenon resulting from an intense laser field and plasma interaction. This study investigates the self-focusing behavior of Gaussian laser beams within magnetized plasma environments utilizing a novel approach, source-dependent expansion. By employing source-dependent expansion, we explore the intricate dynamics of laser beam propagation, considering the influence of plasma density and external magnetic fields. The interplay between the beam's Gaussian profile and the self-focusing mechanism through rigorous mathematical analysis and numerical simulations, particularly in the presence of plasma-induced nonlinearities, is elucidated here. Our findings reveal crucial insight into the evolution of laser beams under diverse parameters, including the ponderomotive force, relativistic factors, plasma frequency, polarization states, external magnetic field, wavelength, and laser intensity. This research not only contributes to advancing our fundamental understanding of laser–plasma interactions but also holds promise for optimizing laser-driven applications.
Alpha particle detection based on low leakage and high-barrier vertical PtOx/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode
Authors: Bai Shiyu , Hou Xiaohu , Meng Xiangdong , Ren Lei , Li Chen , Han Zhao , Yu Shunjie , Liu Yan , Peng Zhixin , Han Yuncheng , Zhao Xiaolong , Zhou Xuanze , Xu Guangwei , Long Shibing
Published: August 2024

High-performance radiation detectors are essential in many sectors spanning medical diagnostics, nuclear control, and particle physics. Ultrawide bandgap semiconductor materials have become one of the most promising candidates due to their excellent performance. Here, based on β-Ga2O3, a Schottky diode-type alpha particle detector was demonstrated. In order to reduce the reverse leakage current of the large-area device, the metal-oxide electrode PtOx was introduced to form high-barrier contacts (1.83 eV) with Ga2O3. The device exhibits a low leakage current density of 63 pA/cm2 at −100 V and apparent energy spectra of 241Am generated alpha particles with an energy of 5.486 MeV at various reverse voltages from −40 to −120 V. The charge collection efficiency (CCE) and energy resolution of the device (at −120 V) are 31.7% and 15.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, the mechanism of interaction between alpha particles and β-Ga2O3 was analyzed, and a 45° oblique incidence was adopted to increase the deposited energy of alpha particles in the depletion region. Furthermore, the differences between actual CCE and theoretical CCE are investigated as guidance for further improving detector performance. This work reveals the great potential and good prospects of Ga2O3 as an economical, efficient, and radiation-resistant ionizing radiation detector.
Origin of exponentially large increase in the leakage current in alumina films depending on the ALD synthesis temperature
Authors: Gismatulin A. A. , Novikov Yu. N. , Andreeva N. V. , Mazing D. S. , Gritsenko V. A.
Published: August 2024

Amorphous aluminum oxide a-Al2O3 deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is widely used in nonvolatile memory devices. In this paper, the leakage current dependence on the ALD synthesis temperature is investigated by six charge transport models: Schottky effect, thermally assisted tunneling at a contact, Frenkel effect, Hill-Adachi model of overlapping Coulomb potentials, Makram-Ebeid and Lannoo multiphonon isolated trap ionization model, and Nasyrov–Gritsenko model of phonon-assisted tunneling between neighboring traps. It is shown that the leakage current exponentially increases with the ALD synthesis temperature, which is related to the increase in trap concentration.
Effects of hematocrit and non-Newtonian blood rheology on pulsatile wall shear stress distributions in vascular anomalies: A multiple relaxation time lattice Boltzmann approach
Authors: Vaseghnia Hamed , Jettestuen Espen , Teigen Giljarhus Knut Erik , Vinningland Jan Ludvig , Hiorth Aksel
Published: August 2024

In the present study, we investigate the flow dynamics of non-Newtonian blood, focusing on the distribution of wall shear stress (WSS) and hematocrit levels, which is the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. We analyze these factors under pulsatile conditions, in vascular anomalies such as stent channels and intracranial aneurysms. To achieve this, a three-dimensional computational approach based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with a multiple relaxation time (MRT) collision operator is employed. To represent the blood's shear-thinning properties, we developed a constitutive model inspired by the Carreau–Yasuda model. This model considers the variability in blood viscosity with shear rate correlated with hematocrit levels based on experimental data documented in the literature. The accuracy of the employed MRT-LBM is demonstrated by the consistency of results with analytical solutions for steady state and experimental data for pulsatile WSS distributions in non-Newtonian and Newtonian fluids. Results indicate that, in areas narrowed by stenosis or expanded by aneurysms, hematocrit levels affect flow dynamics. Higher hematocrit levels intensify pulsatile flow through stenotic regions, increasing WSS cyclic variations. We derived a density distribution function to demonstrate how shear rates vary in vascular anomalies, revealing blood viscosity changes and non-Newtonian properties. These properties complicate flow patterns, resulting in non-linear WSS distributions, which are essential for understanding endothelial cell reactions and disease pathways. Pulsatile blood flow and altered rheological properties due to increased hematocrit affect saccular aneurysm fluid dynamics over time and space, causing vorticities to change shape, size, and intensity.
Dynamic phase change materials with extended surfaces
Authors: Stavins Robert A. , Kim Soonwook , Meddling Amari , Garimella Vivek S. , Koronio Elad , Shockner Tomer , Ziskind Gennady , Miljkovic Nenad , King William P.
Published: August 2024

Phase change materials (PCMs) present opportunities for efficient thermal management due to their high latent heat of melting. However, a fundamental challenge for PCM cooling is the presence of a growing liquid layer of relatively low thermal conductivity melted PCM that limits heat transfer. Dynamic phase change material (dynPCM) uses an applied pressure to pump away the melt layer and achieve a thin liquid layer, ensuring high heat transfer for extended periods. This paper investigates heat transfer during dynPCM cooling when the heated surface has extended features made from high thermal conductivity copper (Cu). Using experiments and finite element simulations, we investigate the heat transfer performance of dynPCM paraffin wax on finned Cu surfaces. A total of 102 transient temperature measurements characterize the performance of dynPCM with extended surfaces and compare the performance with other cooling methods including hybrid PCM and air cooling. The study examines the effects of fin geometry, applied power (20–65 W), and pressure (0.97–12.5 kPa). For dynPCM on a finned surface and a heating power of 65 W, the thermal conductance is 0.45 W/cm2-K, compared to 0.22 W/cm2-K for dynPCM on a flat surface and 0.10 W/cm2-K for hybrid PCM. The heat transfer is highest at the fin tips where the melt layer is thinnest, providing valuable design guidelines for future high performance dynPCM cooling technologies.
Development of a measuring technique based on JET second D-T campaign (DTE2) experience for assessing fusion power at ITER during D-T operation using the radial gamma-ray spectrometer
Authors: Marcer G. , Scioscioli F. , Croci G. , Dal Molin A. , Gorini G. , Muraro A. , Nocente M. , Perelli Cippo E. , Rebai M. , Rigamonti D. , Coriton B. , Kovalev A. , Polevoi A. , Khilkevitch E. , Shevelev A. , Bracco A. , Camera F. , Cazzaniga C. , Tardocchi M.
Published: August 2024

The ITER Radial Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (RGRS) consists of three gamma-ray detectors observing the plasma through three collimated, coplanar, radial lines of sight (LoS). The system was initially designed to monitor the runaway electron emission and the alpha-particle density profile [Nocente et al., Nucl. Fusion 57, 076016 (2017)]. This work presents a novel technique for measuring the fusion power during D-T operation using the RGRS. This method is based on the absolute measurement of the 17 MeV fusion gamma-rays and a semi-analytical computation of their transport from the plasma source to the detectors. This approach was initially developed and tested at JET during the second D-T campaign (DTE2) on a single LoS diagnostic [Dal Molin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. (submitted) (2024); Rebai et al., Phys. Rev. C (submitted) (2024); and Marcer et al., Nucl. Fusion (unpublished) (2024)]. This work exploits the multiple LoS of the RGRS to create a combined virtual diagnostic whose detected fraction of the total plasma emission is less affected by variations in the plasma emission profile, reducing systematic uncertainties on the estimated total emission, compared to the individual detectors.
Design and characterization of the time-resolved opacity spectrometer (OpSpecTR) for the NIF iron opacity campaign
Authors: Opachich Y. P. , Golick B. , Buscho J. G. , Carpenter A. C. , Funsten B. T. , Garafalo A. M. , Heinmiller J. , Dutra E. C. , Knight R. , Max D. , Mayes D. C. , Morioka S. B. , Moy K. J. , Nyholm P. R. , Peterson A. E. , Petre R. B. , Posadas R. S. , Sharp A. M. , Tran V. , Trent S. D. , Wallace M. S. , Winget D. E. , Perry T. S. , Urbatsch T. J. , Heeter R. F.
Published: August 2024

A new time-resolved opacity spectrometer (OpSpecTR) is currently under development for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) opacity campaign. The spectrometer utilizes Icarus version 2 (IV2) hybridized complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor sensors to collect gated data at the time of the opacity transmission signal, unlocking the ability to collect higher-temperature measurements on NIF. Experimental conditions to achieve higher temperatures are feasible; however, backgrounds will dominate the data collected by the current time-integrating opacity spectrometer. The shortest available OpSpecTR integration time of ∼2 ns is predicted to reduce self-emission and other late-time backgrounds by up to 80%. Initially, three Icarus sensors will be used to collect data in the self-emission, backlighter, and absorption regions of the transmission spectrum, with plans to upgrade to five Daedalus sensors in future implementations with integration times of ∼1.3 ns. We present the details of the diagnostic design along with recent characterization results of the IV2 sensors.
Real-time digital twin of autonomous ships based on virtual-physical mapping model
Authors: Xia Guihua , Zhou Zeyu , Han Fenglei , Peng Xiao , Zhao Wangyuan , Wu Yuliang , Lin Qi
Published: August 2024

The advancement of intelligent technology has propelled the development of smart unmanned vessels into a new phase. To address the urgent demands of current smart ship development, this paper develops a comprehensive ship digital twin system based on a virtual-real mapping algorithm, focusing on the fundamental elements of digital twin model construction. Using the smart unmanned experimental ship Dolphin 1 as a prototype, a digital twin virtual model is proposed. This system leverages real-time internal and external data from the entire vessel to track its navigational status, performance indicators, sailing trends, and surrounding flow field information, offering coordinated “human-machine” navigation assistance. Based on historical data collected from the vessel's long-term navigation, a real-time precise prediction of the vessel's navigational state and hydrodynamic performance is conducted using physics-informed neural network algorithm. This establishes a self-learning iterative virtual-physical mapping model that enables autonomous updates and evolution. As the real navigation data of the vessel continuously update, the virtual model can more accurately simulate the vessel's state in real time. The proposed digital twin model has been tested through sea trials under real sea conditions, demonstrating its high accuracy, robustness, and potential for enhancing navigational safety and efficiency. This system marks a significant step forward in the integration of digital twin technology with maritime navigation, providing a valuable tool for the future development of smart shipping.
The phenology of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh, 1832) and Eucalyptus coolabah (Blakely & Jacobs, 1934) in the northern Murray–Darling Basin and implications for recruitment on floodplains
Authors: Kerr Janice , Harding Douglas , Fawcett James , Prior Andrea
Published: August 2024

Context Published evidence suggests recruitment of floodplain trees is declining in the northern Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) and that this is linked to river flow. Aims We investigated the reproductive phenology of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus coolabah to better understand tree reproductive cycles and the influence of rainfall and flow on seed production. Methods We surveyed phenological events (bud, flower and fruit production) over 6 years, at nine sites along the Condamine–Balonne River and examined correlations between these events and meteorological parameters. Key results For both species, event timing was consistent across sites and years and event relative abundance scores were different between years. Bud abundance was correlated with rainfall, flooding and warming temperatures and E. coolabah produced additional bud crops after floods. Conclusions The timing of events did not differ significantly from published results for the southern MDB. Rainfall, river flows and flooding in spring resulted in more abundant bud crops in E. camaldulensis and E. coolabah, and subsequently more abundant fruit crops. Fruit dehiscence coincided with summer–autumn flooding, which provides seed for germination. Genetic and physiological factors may also influence the observed pattern. Implications These results will inform water planning in Queensland, Commonwealth Environmental Water Holder watering actions and long-term watering plans in the northern MDB.
ZNF91 is an endogenous repressor of the molecular phenotype associated with X-linked dystonia–parkinsonism (XDP)
Authors: Rosenkrantz Jimi L. , Brandorff J. Elias , Raghib Sanaz , Kapadia Ashni , Vaine Christine A. , Bragg D. Cristopher , Farmiloe Grace , Jacobs Frank M. J.
Published: August 2024

X-linked dystonia–parkinsonism (XDP) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder resulting from an inherited intronic SINE-Alu-VNTR (SVA) retrotransposon in the
TAF1
gene that causes dysregulation of
TAF1
transcription. The specific mechanism underlying this dysregulation remains unclear, but it is hypothesized to involve the formation of G-quadruplexes (G4) structures within the XDP-SVA that impede transcription. In this study, we show that ZNF91, a critical repressor of SVA retrotransposons, specifically binds to G4-forming DNA sequences. Further, we found that genetic deletion of ZNF91 exacerbates the molecular phenotype associated with the XDP-SVA insertion in patient cells, while no difference was observed when ZNF91 was deleted from isogenic control cells. Additionally, we observed a significant age-related reduction in ZNF91 expression in whole blood and brain, indicating a progressive loss of repression of the XDP-SVA in XDP. These findings indicate that ZNF91 plays a crucial role in controlling the molecular phenotype associated with XDP. Since ZNF91 binds to G4-forming DNA sequences in SVAs, this suggests that interactions between ZNF91 and G4-forming sequences in the XDP-SVA minimize the severity of the molecular phenotype. Our results showing that ZNF91 expression levels significantly decrease with age provide a potential explanation for the age-related progressive neurodegenerative character of XDP. Collectively, our study provides important insights into the protective role of ZNF91 in XDP pathogenesis and suggests that restoring ZNF91 expression, destabilization of G4s, or targeted repression of the XDP-SVA could be future therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat XDP.
Ubiquitin-specific protease UBP14 stabilizes HY5 by deubiquitination to promote photomorphogenesis in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Fang Ke , Yao Xiuhong , Tian Yu’ang , He Yang , Lin Yingru , Lei Wei , Peng Sihan , Pan Guohui , Shi Haoyu , Zhang Dawei , Lin Honghui
Published: August 2024

Transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) is the central hub for seedling photomorphogenesis. E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) inhibits HY5 protein accumulation through ubiquitination. However, the process of HY5 deubiquitination, which antagonizes E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitination to maintain HY5 homeostasis has never been studied. Here, we identified that
Arabidopsis thaliana
deubiquitinating enzyme, Ub-SPECIFIC PROTEASE 14 (UBP14) physically interacts with HY5 and enhances its protein stability by deubiquitination. The
da3-1
mutant lacking UBP14 function exhibited a long hypocotyl phenotype, and UBP14 deficiency led to the failure of rapid accumulation of HY5 during dark to light. In addition, UBP14 preferred to stabilize nonphosphorylated form of HY5 which is more readily bound to downstream target genes. HY5 promoted the expression and protein accumulation of UBP14 for positive feedback to facilitate photomorphogenesis. Our findings thus established a mechanism by which UBP14 stabilizes HY5 protein by deubiquitination to promote photomorphogenesis in
A. thaliana
.
Bergen?
Authors: Mohr Susanne
Published: August 2024

Semiotic landscapes have been documented widely. However, many analyses focus on visible cues and production, and do not investigate soundscapes and the perception of both visual and auditory signs. The present study aims at filling this research gap. It presents an ethnographic investigation of the semiotic landscape of arrival in Bergen, Norway. The focus is on the welcome sign outside the airport and the soundscape of the city-bound tram. Data stem from a questionnaire distributed to international and domestic travelers, and an auto-ethnographic account by the author. The analysis shows that a distinct welcome to Bergen, presented as a unique destination, is created in a multisensory way. This welcome is mostly performative, as is often the case in tourism, but creates a very distinct and memorable sense of place for travelers. Altogether, the study emphasizes the importance of multiple means of meaning making in semiotic landscapes.
Experimental study on rotational energy transfer in LiH (X1

∑
+

v) + Ar collisions
Authors: Yu Zilei , Zhao Xiaofang , Wang Shuying , Qin Chu , Shen Yifan , Dai Kang
Published: August 2024

Using high-resolution transient laser spectroscopy, the rotational energy transfer between LiH (12, 8) and Ar through collisions was studied. LiH (12, 8) was generated via degenerate stimulated hyper-Raman scattering. The population of LiH (12, J″ ≠ 8) generated during collisions were obtained using transient laser-induced fluorescence. According to the rate equation, the rate coefficients for the transfer from (12, 8) to (12, J″) states are between 7.1 × 10−12 and 3.5 × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 within 2 μs of the collision occurring. Above 2 μs, the rate coefficient is no longer constant. Meanwhile, no vibrational relaxation occurs before 10 μs. The rotational energy E
rot is the sum of the rotational energies of rotational states (12, J″). Within the period of 0–10 μs, the value of E
rot decreases from 541 cm−1 to 390 cm−1. The distribution of translational energy E
trans at different delay time of LiH (12, 8) is obtained by measuring the Doppler broadened line widths. It increases from 707 cm−1 at 0 μs to 852 cm−1 at 10 μs. Therefore, when rotational relaxation occurs, the decrease in rotational energy is approximately equal to the increase in translational energy.
Fault diagnosis of hydroelectric units based on GASF and parallel CNN-GRU-MSA
Authors: Li Xiang , Zeng Yun , Qian Jing , Guo Yakun , Zhao XiaoJia , Wang Yang , Zhao Xiangkuan
Published: August 2024

Diagnosing the vibration signals of hydropower units is crucial for safe and stable operation. This paper proposes a fault diagnosis method for hydropower units based on Gramian Angular Summation Fields (GASF) and parallel convolutional neural networks-gated recurrent unit-multi-headed self-attention (CNN-GRU-MSA). The original data forms a double branch, and the first branch selects the original timing signal for feature extraction using GRU. The second branch converts the timing signal into a 2D image using GASF for feature extraction using CNN, and the merged signal is enhanced with MSA for feature values. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method reaches 97.2%. In order to explore the generalization and practicability of the proposed model, the public dataset of Jiangnan University is introduced for re-analysis. The diagnostic result of 600 rpm is 98.5%, and the diagnostic result of 800 rpm and 1000 rpm is 100%, significantly better than the other comparative models. This study can be valuable to the hydropower unit’s fault diagnosis methods.
Camera LiDAR calibration: an automatic and accurate method with novel PLE metrics
Authors: Cheng Xinjun , Wang Xiaojia , Zhang Ruiliang
Published: August 2024

Camera-Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) calibration is a crucial aspect of perception systems and sensor fusion in various fields, facilitating the fusion of data from cameras and LiDAR sensors for applications such as autonomous vehicles, robotics, and augmented reality. In this paper, we presented a novel multi-modal fusion method that introduces an efficient camera-LiDAR joint calibration technique using a simple checkerboard. Our method estimates the 3D rigid transformation of the camera system with respect to the LiDAR frame by establishing 2D-to-3D point correspondences for geometric calibration. We improved the idea of the traditional Perspective-N-Point algorithm by employing point cloud segmentation and clustering to re-match the checkerboard. When compared with the calibration methods in the Autoware and MATLAB calibration toolbox, the reprojection error was improved by 38.13% and 58.30% respectively. The average translation error was improved by 78.26% and 51.61% respectively, while the average rotation error is improved by 75% and 60.78% respectively, which has a great improvement in all three areas. At the same time, we propose a new evaluation metric for joint calibration results based on reprojected images: pixel-level evaluation index to reflect the accuracy of the joint calibration of the camera and LiDAR. An automatic calibration software has been developed for the calibration of the camera’s intrinsic parameters as well as for the joint calibration of the camera-LIDAR extrinsic parameters. We have extensively validated our algorithm using the Intel RealSense Depth D435 Camera and LeiShen C16-151B LiDAR.
Period enhanced feature mode decomposition and its application for bearing weak fault feature extraction
Authors: Zuo Jinyan , Lin Jing , Miao Yonghao
Published: August 2024

Decomposition methods which can separate the fault components into different modes have been widely applied in bearing fault diagnosis. However, early fault diagnosis is always a challenge for the signal processing methods as well as the traditional decomposition methods due to the heavy noise. Therefore, how to extract the weak fault information from the complicated signal with low SNR is of significance. To overcome this issue, a period-enhanced feature mode decomposition (PEFMD) method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the initialized filters used for the mode decomposition are adaptively designed according to the spectrum of the original vibration signal. Secondly, time synchronized averaging is used in the iterative process to excavate and identify accurately the weak period components and determine the period of the iterative signal. Finally, the period information can promote the proposed method to decompose the fault component into the hopeful modes by setting correlation kurtosis as the optimation objective and the mode selection. Relative to FMD, the proposed PEFMD achieves further improvement in extracting weak fault information. The practicability and superiority of the proposed PEFMD are verified by the simulated and experimented data. Compared with the feature mode decomposition method and variational mode decomposition, the proposed decomposition method shows an obvious performance advantage under low SNR situations.
Structural, magnetic, and luminescent properties of NaGdF4:Nd3+@Fe3O4 nanocomposites
Authors: Aguilar-Moreno Guadalupe Stefanny , Navarro-Cerón Elizabeth , Ascencio-Aguirre Francisco Miguel , Espinosa-Solares Teodoro , Aguilar-Méndez Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2024

The diverse applications of nanomaterials, and their rapidly increasing demand, have spurred the development of novel multifunctional materials. As such, this study aimed to synthesize and characterize a magneto-luminescent nanocomposite, composed of magnetite and fluorescent quantum dots (NaGdF4:Nd3+@Fe3O4). Nanomaterial synthesis was accomplished through solvothermal and co-precipitation methods. Stable nanoparticles (NPs) with a zeta potential of −19.57 ± 0.42 mV, and a size of 4.55 ± 1.44 nm were obtained. The crystalline structure of the NPs, verified via x-ray diffraction, affirmed the hexagonal pattern of the NaGdF4:Nd3+ NPs and the inverse spinel pattern of Fe3O4 NPs. In the diffraction pattern of the NaGdF4:Nd3+@Fe3O4 NPs, only the phase pertaining to the Fe3O4 NPs was identified, indicating their influence on the nanocomposite. Magnetic measurements revealed the superparamagnetic behavior of the material. Photoluminescence spectra of NaGdF4:Nd3+ and NaGdF4:Nd3+@Fe3O4 NPs verified the luminescent emission around 1060 nm; a feature of the radiative transitions of Nd3+ ions. Based on the assessed characteristics, the nanocomposite’s multifunctionality was confirmed, positioning the material for potential use in various fields, such as biomedicine.
Photo-induced non-collinear interlayer RKKY coupling in bulk Rashba semiconductors
Authors: Asmar Mahmoud M , Tse Wang-Kong
Published: August 2024

The interplay between light-matter, spin-orbit, and magnetic interactions allows the investigation of light-induced magnetic phenomena that are otherwise absent without irradiation. We present our analysis of light-driven effects on the interlayer exchange coupling mediated by a bulk Rashba semiconductor in a magnetic multilayer. The collinear magnetic exchange coupling mediated by the photon-dressed spin-orbit coupled electrons of BiTeI develops light-induced oscillation periods and displays new decay power laws, both of which are enhanced with an increasing light-matter coupling. For magnetic layers with non-collinear magnetization, we find a non-collinear magnetic exchange coupling uniquely generated by light-driving of the multilayer. As the non-collinear magnetic exchange coupling mediated by the photon-dressed electrons of BiTeI is unique to the irradiated system and it is enhanced with increasing light-matter coupling, this effect offers a promising platform of investigation of light-driven effects on magnetic phenomena in spin-orbit coupled systems. In this platform, light properties, such as its intensity, can serve as external knobs for inducing non-collinear couplings of the interlayer exchange and for modulating the collinear couplings. Both of these effects signify the photo-generated modification in the spin textures of spin-orbit coupled electrons in BiTeI.
Investigating magnetic properties and Curie temperatures of FeX2 (X=S, Se, Te) monolayers
Authors: Özgür Mustafa , Pat Suat , Korkmaz Şadan
Published: August 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in two-dimensional magnetic materials. With their unique properties and tunable characteristics, magnetic monolayers hold significant potential for the next-generation devices. This study employs the first principles calculations to examine the electronic, structural, and magnetic properties of the hexagonal and trigonal FeX2 (X=S, Se, Te) monolayers. The calculations show that only two configurations are dynamically stable which are hexagonal FeS2 and FeTe2. Both H-FeS2 and H-FeTe2 monolayers exhibit metallic behavior in PBE calculations. Furthermore, the results indicate that these monolayers also exhibit ferromagnetic behavior. This ferromagnetic ordering suggests significant interactions between the magnetic moments. The magnetic exchange constants are determined by using 2D Ising model. After determining the magnetic exchange constants, a Monte Carlo simulation is performed to obtain the Curie temperature. Furthermore, the influence of the Hubbard U parameter on the electronic and magnetic structure was also examined, revealing significant modifications in the band structure and magnetic moments. Additionally, magnetic exchange constants were calculated for the PBE+U case, as well as using the TB2J method, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the magnetic properties of the stable structures.
Unconventional photon blockade via two-photon absorption
Authors: Zhou Yan-Hui , Liu Tong , Zhang Xing-Yuan , Wu Qi-Cheng , Shi Zhi-Cheng , Yang Chui-Ping
Published: August 2024

The unconventional photon blockade, which relies on the physical mechanism of quantum interference, is primarily investigated using a general master equation, where a weak nonlinearity must be presented in the system to achieve photon antibunching. In this study, we explore the unconventional photon blockade using an alternative master equation known as the two-photon absorption master equation, which is derived from the system and environment interaction via two-photon absorption. Specifically, we find that the unconventional photon blockade can be triggered in two-coupled cavities, where each cavity interacts with a two-photon absorption environment. Different from unconventional photon blockade via the general master equation, we show that the two-photon absorption acts as the weak nonlinearity, and this photon blockade corresponds to a large average photon number. To derive optimal conditions for achieving this blockade, we propose a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian method to describe the mode loss caused by the two-photon absorption. In addition, we highlight the distinctions between our proposal and other approaches for generating single-photon states based on two-photon absorption.
Numerical simulation for fractional optimal control problems via euler wavelets
Authors: Turan Dincel Arzu , Tural-Polat Sadiye Nergis , Afacan Mustafa Oğuz
Published: August 2024

This paper suggests employing Euler wavelets to provide a precise and effective computational approach for certain fractional optimal control problems. The primary objective of the approach is to transform the fractional optimal control problem defined by the dynamical system and performance index into systems of algebraic equations, which then can be readily solved using matrix techniques. Since Euler polynomials are employed to build Euler wavelets and since Euler polynomials have fewer terms than most of commonly used other polynomials to build wavelets, employing them for the numerical approach results in sparser operational matrices. The speed of the recommended numerical method is improved due to the fewer terms in Euler wavelet operational matrices. We obtain the corresponding systems of algebraic equations for state variable, control variable, and Lagrange multipliers (used to determine the essential conditions of optimality) by incorporating operational matrices of Euler wavelets. Subsequently, those systems of algebraic equations are solved to obtain the numerical solution. The suggested method’s efficiency is demonstrated using a few typical examples. The suggested procedure is accurate and efficient, according to the results.
An Infrared Census of R Coronae Borealis Stars II—Spectroscopic Classifications and Implications for the Rate of Low-mass White Dwarf Mergers
Authors: Karambelkar Viraj R. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Tisserand Patrick , Anand Shreya , Ashley Michael C. B. , Bildsten Lars , Clayton Geoffrey C. , Crawford Courtney C. , De Kishalay , Earley Nicholas , Hankins Matthew J. , Hall Xander , Lamberts Astrid , Lau Ryan M. , McKenna Dan , Moore Anna , Ofek Eran O. , Smith Roger M. , Soria Roberto , Soon Jamie , Travouillon Tony
Published: August 2024

We present results from a systematic infrared (IR) census of R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars in the Milky Way, using data from the Palomar Gattini IR (PGIR) survey. RCB stars are dusty, erratic variable stars presumably formed from the merger of a He-core and a CO-core white dwarf (WD). PGIR is a 30 cm J-band telescope with a 25 deg2 camera that surveys 18,000 deg2 of the northern sky (δ > −28°) at a cadence of 2 days. Using PGIR J-band lightcurves for ∼60 million stars together with mid-IR colors from WISE, we selected a sample of 530 candidate RCB stars. We obtained near-IR spectra for these candidates and identified 53 RCB stars in our sample. Accounting for our selection criteria, we find that there are a total of

≈

350

−
100

+
150

RCB stars in the Milky Way. Assuming typical RCB lifetimes, this corresponds to an RCB formation rate of 0.8–5 × 10−3 yr−1, consistent with observational and theoretical estimates of the He-CO WD merger rate. We searched for quasi-periodic pulsations in the PGIR lightcurves of RCB stars and present pulsation periods for 16 RCB stars. We also examined high-cadenced TESS lightcurves for RCB and the chemically similar, but dustless hydrogen-deficient carbon (dLHdC) stars. We find that dLHdC stars show variations on timescales shorter than RCB stars, suggesting that they may have lower masses than RCB stars. Finally, we identified 3 new spectroscopically confirmed and 12 candidate Galactic DY Per type stars—believed to be colder cousins of RCB star—doubling the sample of Galactic DY Per type stars.
Magnetic shaping effects on turbulence in ADITYA-U tokamak
Authors: Singh Amit K. , Choudhary S. , Gopal Krishna M. , Mahapatra J. , Bokshi A. , Chowdhury J. , Ganesh R. , Hayward-Schneider T. , Lanti E. , Mishchenko A. , McMillan B.F. , Villard L.
Published: August 2024

The work reported in this paper addresses two aspects. In the first part, numerical simulations are conducted to examine the impact of magnetic equilibrium shaping (elongation and triangularity), on both conventional Ion Temperature Gradient (ITG) modes and Short Wavelength ITG modes. This analysis is performed considering the experimental profiles and parameters of the ADITYA-U tokamak, employing the nonlinear global gyrokinetic Particle-in-Cell code ORB5. The linear and nonlinear collisionless electrostatic simulation of these modes are carried out with kinetic ions and adiabatic electrons. From the linear results, it has been observed that the magnetic equilibrium shaping slighty reduced the growth rates and widened the spectrum, and the maxima of growth rate curve is shifted to higher toroidal wave number. We find that the heat flux is reduced by a significant

≃

35
%

for the true circular magnetohydrodynamic magnetic equilibrium as compared to ad hoc concentric circular equilibrium reported in Singh et al (2023 Nucl. Fusion
63 086029). A further

≃

10
%

reduction in the heat flux is seen with magnetic equilibrium shaping. In the second part, linear collisionless electrostatic simulation studies of ITG coupled with fully kinetic electrons (both trapped and passing electrons are treated kinetically) using a drift-kinetic ordering is performed. It can be seen from the linear results that, in presence of kinetic electrons, the growth rate and real frequency of the ITG mode are increased significantly for ADITYA-U parameters and a mode propagating in the electron diamagnetic direction is identified at high toroidal wavenumbers.
Formation of high areal density core using an efficient and robust implosion method for fast ignition
Authors: Nagatomo H. , Johzaki T. , Takizawa R. , Fujioka S.
Published: August 2024

A new fuel compression method for a fast ignition scheme is discussed. To form a high areal density fuel plasma for the ignition condition, homogenous isentropic compression (HIC) with solid spherical target is effective. We improve a multi-step pulse shape method that uses progressive shockwaves and reflected shockwaves for the compression, where a precisely controlled step-pulse laser drives the shockwaves to compress the fuel and suppress entropy increase. Another advantage of this approach is the relatively smooth high dense fuel is distributed at maximum compression time, compared to our previous design based on Kidder’s HIC method. In addition, we insert a power dip as a preconditioning before the last pulse step to reduce the electron and ion temperature near critical density. As a result, an optimum implosion is designed using 245 kJ of implosion laser energy to meet the ignition condition.