bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normative Data for Peak Latencies and Amplitudes of P100 wave of Pattern Reversal Visual Evoked Potential in Central Indian Population
Authors: Juhi Agrawal,  Subodh Pandey, Vivek Som
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The visual evoked potentials (VEP s) is an important diagnostic tool used by neurophysiologist, ophthalmologist, neurologists and neurosurgeons as many neurological disorders present with visual abnormalities, particularly when the clinical signs and the results of neuroimaging methods are either non informative or non-conclusive. VEPs are produced by electrical activity of the visual cortex in response to light or pattern stimulation of the eye. It can detect functional loss in the visual pathway from retina to the visual cortex.

Aims and objectives

The study was planned to report the normative data for VEP P100 latencies and amplitude in normal subjects aged 40–60 years.

Methods

This study included 60 healthy subjects between the age group 40–60 years consisting of both males and females. VEP was recorded using pattern reversal stimulation with RMS EMG MARK II machine. P100 wave latencies and amplitudes were obtained in all the subjects to determine the normative values.

Results

In our study, normal mean value of P100 latency was 98.79 ± 5.75 milliseconds and mean P100 amplitude was 7.45 ± 1.14 microvolts.

Conclusion

The normative values for P100 latencies and amplitudes of PR-VEP in normal adults of Central India have been reported in the present study. These can be used for evaluation and interpretation of various VEP abnormalities. The normal values of VEP may be affected by technical factors related to machine and environment settings in different labs. So, each health care institution should have its own reference values according to normative data for their lab for VEP to improve the accuracy of the test.
Levels of Circulating Monocytes-An Indicator for Cardiovascular complications in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Veena C N, P Nikhil Chowdary, B C Vastrad
Published: January 2024

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is mainly characterized by the development of cardiovascular complications. Inflammation is said to be involved in initiation and progression of diabetic complications related to cell damage of tissues and deepening of metabolic disturbances. Monocyte derived macrophages are believed to play a vital role in the initiation and progression of atheroma formation since monocytes grown in the presence of high glucose concentrations are in an activated and inflammatory state which is associated with the release of superoxides which has a role in oxidative stress. Studies suggest monocytes from patients with diabetes mellitus has a role in the generation of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes. Also studies done on experimental animals suggest that depletion of monocytes and their progeny lowers the development of atherosclerosis. Thus the present study was an attempt to compare the level of circulating monocytes of diabetic subjects with cardiovascular complications with those without cardiovascular complications

Materials and Method

After taking written informed consent from the participants, under aseptic precautions around 3ml of blood was drawn using vacutainer and the levels of circulating monocytes were determined under aseptic precautions with the help of an instrument Sysmex-XS1000i.

Results and Conclusion

The results revealed that the circulating monocyte levels are significantly increased in diabetics with cardiovascular complications (p=0.04) compared to diabetics without cardiovascular complications. In support of previous studies our study opens the possibility that peripheral blood monocytes can be used to investigate the pathophysiology of diabetic complications. In the light of present idea, more studies on surface markers expressed by monocytes may be required for future risk stratification and disease-monitoring, based on knowledge of human monocyte biology.
Effect of Exercise on Auditory and Visual Reaction Time in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Mohammed Anwaar Ahmed, B Shruthi, Md Abrar Hassan
Published: January 2024

Exercise provides multiple benefits to an individual. the beneficial effect of exercise on psychomotor performance is still subject of debate. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of short term exercise on auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT). Fifty healthy subjects were included in the study, 25 of healthy male subjects who were not exercising forms (group I) and 25 healthy female subjects who did not perform any exercise forms (group II).

ART and VRT was recorded using digital display response time apparatus equipped with three lights (red, green and yellow) and three auditory stimuli (low, medium and high pitched sounds). The mean VRT of group II subjects (19.8 ±6.709) was significantly lower than that of group I (20.6 ±6.961) (P<0.001). The mean ART of group II subjects (31.9±5.160) was significantly lower than that of group I (32.9 ±5.950) (P<0.001). Auditory and visual reaction times was better in group II individual in both for forms of exercises.
Effect of Yoga on Respiratory Endurance Test in Medical Students
Authors: Kondam Ambareesha, S. Pradeep Reddy, C. Saroja
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Yogic practices can be considered to be a very good exercise for maintaining proper health and also has a profound effect on the lung functions of an individual. They are also used as psycho-physiological stimuli to increase the physiological functions and human performance. The present work is undertaken as there was no reported data on comparison of pranayama & suryanamaskar practitioners in various pulmonary endurance functions.

Materials & Method

The present study was conducted at MNR Medical College & Hospital, Sangareddy. The Institute Ethical Committee approved the study protocol. Informed consent was taken from all the subjects. The study was conducted with 80 subjects (aged between 18 to 20 years), under the supervision of a qualified yoga trainer. Inclusion Criteria: Medical students of age between 18–20 years, Only volunteers who are interested in practicing Yoga, Non alcoholic & non smokers. Exclusion criteria: Previous experience of yoga training and physically challenged persons.

Results

The MVV, 40 mm endurance and chest expansion were significantly increased (p<0.005) in the pranayama group (Group-II) and suryanamaskar group (Group-III). But the RR was significantly decreased (p<0.005) in pranayama (Group-II), suryanamaskar (Group-III) and combined group (Group-IV) than control group (Group-I), (p<0.005).

Conclusion

The regular practice of pranayama and Suryanamaskar practice induces more beneficial effects than physical exercise which mostly affects skeletal muscles. To meet the modern life style which is full of challenges and stress, an all-round personality development has become mediatory for the student, this aspect of relaxation and detachment is lacking in our education system and it is this new dimension (yoga) that needs to be added to the curriculum.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Open Book Tests Over Close Book Tests and Perception of Medical Students in Physiology
Authors: G. Vidya
Published: January 2024

Introduction

At present, the Medical knowledge is expanding and changing rapidly and there is increasing need to concentrate on education based on competencies. Closed book exam is an established approach to assessment in medical education which is widely accepted method of superficial learning. Adding open book test to the formative assessment can assist in handling this growth of knowledge.

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of open book test on student's performance in summative assessment and to know the perception of students on open book test.

Methodology

The study was conducted on I MBBS students (n=150), who were divided into 2 groups, Group I: subjected to open book test for 4 weeks and Group II: subjected to closed book tests for 4weeks. There was a cross-over of the two groups and Group I were subjected to the closed book test and Group II students were subjected to open book tests. The mean marks obtained in summative assessment were statistically compared. Perception of the students was taken through feedback questionnaire.

Results

The mean marks obtained by the students (n= 141) in the summative assessment after open book test (Mean± SD =26.37±6.235) are statistically significant than those after closed book tests(mean± SD =24.09± 6.3513(p value< 0.005).

Conclusion

71% of students recommended open book tests for the formative assessment. Hence, adding open book test to the medical curriculum along with regularly used closed book test are expected to stimulate deep learning.
Correlation Between Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Appreciation Score and Emotional Intelligence in Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Kamalakannan Vadivel, Nilesh N Kate, Arshiya Zeba
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Body appreciation score (BAS) is used to assess the positive attitude towards body image. Individuals with positive image were found to have higher emotional intelligence (EI). Body perception is influenced by the body weight. In this study we proposed to correlate the relationship between BMI, BAS and EI.

Materials and Method

It is an observational study. The study population comprised of undergraduate medical students aged between 18–24 years. Subjects on chronic medication for medical illness were excluded. We recruited 100 subjects (male 44, female 56, age 18–21).

A stadiometer was used to measure the height. We measured weight using digital weighing machine. BMI was calculated using Quetelet formula. The BAS2 questionnaire and The Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) were administered to the participants. They were asked to score each questions on the Likert scale from 1 to 5.

Results

The means of the various parameters between males and females were compared using Student's t-test. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female students in terms of age, BMI, BAS2 and EI. The BAS2 score of different BMI categories were not different. The SSEIQ scores were not statistically different between each BMI categories. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between BMI and BAS 2 score (r =-0.002), BMI and SSEIQ (r = 0.051) and BAS 2 score and SSEIQ (r = 0.19). There was no correlation between the two variables in any of the above cases.

Conclusion

BAS2 score was similar in both males and females of varying BMI. The SSEIQ scores were less for underweight students when compared with students with normal weight. The SSEIQ scores are relatively more in females than males. The BMI, BAS score and EI were not related.
Assessment of Pulmonary Function in Type II Diabetes Patients
Authors: Iram Jaan, Mir Maroosha Farooq, Varun Malhotra
Published: January 2024

Various metabolic and clinical disorders are associated with diabetes mellitus, the most prominent being vascular disease. There may be a relationship between diabetes and reduced lung function, so this study was designed to evaluate the impairment of lung function on spirometry among diabetic patients. The study included 50 type II diabetic patients and 50 healthy persons, confirmed by normal blood glucose levels, as control group. There was a significant reduction in spirometric pulmonary function tests (FEV1 and FVC) of a restrictive pattern in type 2 diabetic patients compared to control subjects. Since the diabetes affects the pulmonary vasculature and the connective tissue, therefore it can cause reduction in the pulmonary function tests. So, it is recommended that simple tests like spirometry may be performed in patients of type II diabetes as early as possible or be used as a preventive measure.
Do Mental Arithmetic Tasks affect Visual Evoked Potential
Authors: Anju Jha, Parveen Siddhique
Published: January 2024

Background & Objectives

VEP is used to evaluate functional integrity of visual pathway. Objective of study is to see that stimulus other then light, during recording of VEP, can change the result of VEP.

Method

200 healthy candidates of age between 18yrs-22yrs of both sexes were enrolled. At first, recording of VEP was done without any disturbance. Candidates were asked few arithmetic tasks verbally while recording VEP for second time.

Results

Analysis of latency of N75, P100 and amplitude of N75-P100 was done. There was no statistical significant difference in latency of N75 and P100 but there was significant statistical difference in amplitude of N75-P100. The p-Value for right eye is 0.0031 and for left eye 0.0299 for amplitude of N75-P100.

Interpretation & conclusion-Arithmetic task makes mental processing very active and it affects the result of VEP thus it must be taken in to consideration while recording of VEP in any patient.
Visual Evoked Potential in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and without Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Juhi Agrawal,  Subodh Pandey, Sachin Chittawar , Vivek Som
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a leading public health care problem, with increasing incidence and its long term complications. Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of DM that affects retinal blood vessels. Unfortunately, in many cases the patient is asymptomatic until it is too late for effective treatment. VEPs are produced by electrical activity of the visual cortex in response to light or pattern stimulation of the eye. It can detect functional loss in the visual pathway from retina to the visual cortex.

Aims and Objectives

The aim of the study is to compare latencies and amplitudes of P100 waveform of VEP in diabetic and control subjects and to determine whether changes in VEP response occur before clinically evident diabetic retinopathy on fundus examination.

Method

PRVEP was recorded in 60 diabetic patients including 30 patients without any retinopathy and 30 others with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR), and compared to 60 age and sex matched normal non diabetic healthy controls. VEP was recorded using pattern reversal stimulation with RMS EMG MARK II machine. P100 wave latencies and amplitudes were obtained in all the subjects.

Results

Our results show significantly prolonged P100 latencies of VEP’ s in Type 2 DM patients and DR patients when compared to controls. The difference between diabetics with retinopathy and controls were significant in terms of P100 amplitude. However, there was no significant difference observed in the P100 amplitudes of VEP’ s in Type 2 DM patients without retinopathy when compared to controls.

Conclusion

The present study clearly shows that changes in VEP may be detected in diabetics before the onset of retinopathy. Thus, a routine VEP assessment should be recommended to all the diabetic patients, for the early identification of visual defects and for early and proper management of the disease.
The effect of Integrated Amrita Meditation (IAM) Technique on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sarika K S, Vandana Balakrishnan, KR Sundaram, Harish Kumar
Published: January 2024

Objective

To determine the effect of Integrated Amrita Meditation (IAM) technique on glycemic control and short term stress response in type 2 diabetic subjects

Study Design

Thirty eligible type 2 diabetic patients were screened and informed about the study. After the initial drop out, ten diabetic subjects between age group of 30–60 years who agreed to participate were randomized to IAM and control group

Intervention

Participants in the IAM group practiced the meditation for 23 min/day for duration of three months and the control group participants continued with their daily routines without practicing any form of yoga and/or meditation

Results

Within group analysis of IAM group showed a statistically significant decrease in weight, BMI, heart rate, systolic BP, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, cortisol and perceived stress score. Between group analysis showed significant differences in the percentage change for Weight, BMI, Heart rate, Systolic BP, Fasting Blood Glucose, HbA1c, Insulin resistance, Cortisol and PSS from baseline to three months.

Conclusion

Our study shows the efficacy of the technique in bringing about a better glycemic control and psychological stress reduction in type 2 diabetic subjects
Study of Variation in Lipid Profile Parameters in Pre Menopausal and Post Menopausal Subjects
Authors: Berad Akshay
Published: January 2024

Menopause is a phase of woman's natural aging process and is marked by the cessation of ovarian function. The increased incidence of cardiovascular risk in the post-menopausal women may partly be due to hormonal changes leading to derangement of lipid metabolism. The present study is aimed to evaluate the variation in lipid profile in pre-and post-menopausal women. 50 Premenopausal & 50 Postmenopausal women were enrolled in the study after obtaining consent from each patient. Lipid profile was done & compared between both the groups. It was found in study that there is increase in serum Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol level in post-menopausal women as compared to those in pre-menopausal women (p<0.001). HDL-cholesterol level was significantly decreased in post-menopausal women as compared to that in pre-menopausal women (p<0.001). Post-menopausal women are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease due to change in the lipid pattern and loss of cardioprotective effect of estrogen. Predicting the factors affecting the lipid profile in post-menopausal women, adopting strategies to control these mechanisms by modifying the relative risk factors during menopausal transition may improve the cardiovascular risk profile in these women.
Assessment of Forced Vital Capacity and FEV1 as Pulmonary Function Tests in Males with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Neelima Narayan Nerkar, Pranita Ashok, V R Purandare
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases. It is associated with well known complications linked to either microangiopathy, macroangiopathy or a combination of both. Some studies found that there were changes in respiratory system or pulmonary functions in diabetes so this study was planned to see the effect of type 2 DM on pulmonary functions.

Materials & Method

The present study was undertaken in two groups. Hundred male individuals were included in the study with each group comprised of 50 individuals. For pulmonary function tests we used computerized Spirometer Statistical difference between the data obtained in various groups was evaluated by z test.

Observations

Reduction in FVC-Forced vital capacity reduction is statistically significant. FEV1-reduction is statistically significant. FEV1/FVC (%) reduction is statistically significant.

Conclusion

So it is always better to detect the respiratory damage in diabetes patient at an early stage to prevent the further complications
Populism in India Under Modi Regime and its Implications for Pakistan
Authors: Shireen Mushtaq  , Faryal Mazari  , Sabira Ahsan
Published: January 2024

This research assesses the rise of populist politics in India under the Modi regime and illustrates the implications it has for Pakistan. It studies the interaction between Hindutva politics, different mechanisms of populism, the emergence of illiberal democracy in India, and the way it impacts the domestic and foreign policies of India. The key findings of this paper focus on how Modi established himself as a populist leader and how populism in India has affected its relationship with the neighboring state of Pakistan. This paper, based on qualitative research, provides analytical input to conceptualize right-wing populism as a violent phenomenon that will have a far-reaching impact on Pakistan's National Security. Following Modi's win in 2018, he started working towards creating a majoritarian identity. To facilitate and further construct this narrative, Prime Minister Modi's government started creating policies such as the revocation of Article 370 in 2019, the introduction of the Citizenship Amendment Bill (2019), and the implementation of the National Register of Citizens to help mobilize the masses. This has resulted in right-wing populism being synonymous with Indian politics under the Modi regime. The populist Modi regime used anti-Pakistan rhetoric as an instrument to attract voters and attain majoritarian rule in India. The examination of the populist threats and challenges emanating from Modi's Hindutva government has become a focal point for scholars to comprehend the contemporary political landscape of the region.
Impact of Accounting Information on Decision-Making Effectiveness in Academic Libraries
Authors: Kotso Justina Anjiode , Adagye Ibrahim
Published: January 2024

Academic libraries play a vital role in providing access to information and knowledge, and effective financial management is crucial for their sustainability and growth. This research assessed the current utilization of accounting information within Nigerian academic libraries and examining its impact on decision-making effectiveness. A survey research design approach was employed and data gathered was quantitatively analyzed by assessing the impact of accounting information on decision-making effectiveness in academic libraries. The research design was used because the study involved the distribution of questionnaire to selected respondents (the accounting professionals, librarians and institutions management) from six Tertiary Institutions in Nasarawa State. The study adopted the stratified sampling design in order to obtain a representative sample. The study sample size was taken by considering representation from the three major stakeholders (three each from accounting professionals, librarians and institutions management) numbering 9 for each institution given a total of 54 for all.  The study variables comprise of both the dependent variable – Decision Making Effectiveness, and the Independent variable – Accounting Information. Data collected was analyzed using the descriptive statistic, correlation analysis and regression for the inferential statistics. Both the Pearson correlation and Regression analysis results corroborated the fact that accounting information significantly affects decision making effectiveness in academic Libraries in Nigeria. The study recommends among others: Training of library staff, especially those involved in financial management, on accounting principles and financial analysis; allocating financial resources to activities or projects that will yield the greatest impact on the library's objectives; and Aligning financial goals with the overall mission and objectives of the academic library to ensure that resources are directed toward achieving the institution's long-term vision.
Tetfund Interventions On Administrative Functions and Academic Staff Development in The Management of Federal Universities in South East, Nigeria
Authors: Oguejiofor Chidumebi Ngozi
Published: January 2024

This study investigated TETFund interventions on administrative functions and academic staff development in the management of Federal Universities in South East, Nigeria. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population of this study comprised all the 231 staff from the five (5) federal universities in South East, Nigeria. This consisted of 16 staff in TETFund offices and 215 Heads of Departments in the five federal universities in South East, Nigeria. The entire population comprising 231 TETFund staff and Heads of Departments in the five federal universities in South East, Nigeria were used as the study sample purposively in this research. The instrument used in this study was questionnaire titled “TETFund Interventions on Administrative Functions and Academic Staff Development in the Management of Federal Universities’ Questionnaire (TIAFASDMFUQ). The instrument was validated and the reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach alpha to determine the internal consistency yielded an overall reliability index of 0.81. In analyzing the data, mean scores and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. The t-test was used to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that, TETFund intervention had significant impact on the administrative functions for the management of federal universities in South East, Nigeria. TETFund intervention had significant impact on academic staff development for proper management of federal universities in South East, Nigeria. TETFund intervention had significant impact on research developments for the management of federal universities in South East, Nigeria. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended among others that, Government through TETFund intervention should ensure that funds released for smooth running of administrative functions in federal universities in South East, Nigeria. TETFund should intervene in providing grants for academic staff development for conference participation (International and National), and publications in federal universities in South East, Nigeria.
Deciphering the Nexus: Knowledge, Reality, and Quantum Magnetism
Authors: Khumalo Bhekuzulu
Published: January 2024

We understand that magnetism has a wave-particle duality due to experiments. Asking the question of what is it that can be known is what led to the experiments. This paper shows the importance of knowing the basic characteristics of everything leads to an easier understanding of existence and should be introduced early in the education curriculum. Everything we are studying has the same basic characteristics, a truly multidisciplinary tool.
La Mejora de los Procesos de Formación Docente en Estudiantes del 4° de Licenciatura en Educación Física
Authors: Núñez Campos José Adalberto
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo refiere a los procesos de formación docente de los alumnos del 4° de la licenciatura en Educación Física, la utilización de las estrategias didáctica en nivel superior por parte de los docentes donde se realizó la investigación, en ella se pone énfasis en como su implementación coadyuba a la mejora del conocimiento y dominio de los contenidos del área de la Educación Física, este elemento didáctico tan necesario e indispensable es determinante como otros en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje, en él refiere la esencia de los procesos de formación que se utilizan en los escenarios formativos de Educación Física en Educación Básica, por ese motivo, se busca establecer en qué condiciones este aspecto favorece los procesos formativos de alumnos del citado grado, es decir, todo aquellos factores necesarios que los docentes de este nivel de atención necesitan acceder para fijar el aprendizaje vía las estrategias didácticas.
Design of dry coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) dehusking and deshelling machine components using solidworks simulation
Authors: Naliapara V.A , Sejani V.M , Joshi N.U
Published: January 2024

The main objective of this study was to develop a conceptual automated solution for the labour-intensive processes of coconut dehusking and deshelling. This was achieved by utilizing simulation-based design techniques. The study centred on the utilization of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) as a fundamental tool for the visualization and simulation of the proposed mechanisms. This study has developed a comprehensive framework for assessing the potential feasibility of the simulated dehusking and deshelling processes by conducting thorough evaluations that encompass stress, displacement, strain, and safety considerations. The cylindrical design with spiral spikes was designed to remove husks efficiently. CAD helped to comprehend the mechanism’s behavior, and subsequent analyses revealed that stress levels remained far below acceptable thresholds. The displacement and strain effects were negligible, providing the structural integrity of the simulated dehusking procedure. The design utilized strategically placed metal bars to improve contact points and effectiveness. The simulation-based assessments replicated the dehusking evaluations, confirming that stress, displacement, and strain remained within limits. This study shows that simulated automation in coconut processing has excellent potential and supports its real-world implementation. Computer-aided design (CAD) and thorough analyses ensured the safety and reliability of conceptual mechanisms and set a precedent for agricultural processing machinery. This study proposes a systematic approach to coconut processing that might change the industry by improving productivity and reducing manual labour.
Ex situ conservation of rare and threatened orchid: Diplomeris hirsuta (Lindl.)
Authors: Bhutia Tshering Lhamu , Bhutia Nima Tshering , Sailo Ngura , . Rampal , Bhutia Tshering Chomu
Published: January 2024

The Diplomeris hirsuta Lindl, is a rare and endangered orchid species indigenous to India. This delicate species faces numerous threats, including landslides and road expansion, which have decreased its population and placed the species at risk of extinction. However, there is hope for this species, as the paper has reported the successful ex situ conservation of D. hirsuta plants. The researchers achieved this feat by creating a simulated natural habitat that closely mimicked the conditions of the plant’s native environment. This simulated habitat provided the ideal environmental conditions necessary to sustain the plant’s growth and development, including temperature, humidity, light, and soil composition. As a result, the live plants of D. hirsuta were successfully conserved. This study’s ex situ conservation method is essential in preserving species’ survival, especially when their natural habitats are at risk or destroyed. The success of this conservation effort provides a potential model for future conservation efforts of other threatened plant species, giving hope for the protection and preservation of rare and endangered plant species worldwide.
Increased relative humidity in the dry season during stomata opening promotes growth, leaf area, and biomass of CAM orchid: Dendrobium Sonia ‘Earsakul’
Authors: Taticharoen T , Matsumoto S , Chutteang C , Srion K , Abdullakasim W , Abdullakasim S
Published: January 2024

Dendrobium cut-flower producers commonly employ sprinkler systems with high water consumption. Our study aimed to identify a more water-efficient irrigation method for orchids. Specifically, we investigated the optimal timing of water application during a day in the dry season, intending to minimize water usage. The research used a 3x2x2 completely randomized factorial design, factoring in the times of the day for irrigation (dawn, morning, and evening), the type of sprinkler head (standard or large vs. mini), and the duration of irrigation (6 minutes vs. 4 minutes). The study revealed that adjusting these factors could reduce the standard water volume used by 30 to 60% without negatively affecting the orchids’ growth or flower quality. Over five months of testing various irrigation techniques, metrics such as the height of the front pseudobulb, leaf count on the front pseudobulb, total leaf number per plant, pseudobulb count, and inflorescence quality (like length, number of flowers, and vase life) remained consistent across different methods. A notable discovery was that irrigating at either dawn or evening using a standard-sized sprinkler led to higher fresh and dry leaf weights and a greater leaf area than morning irrigation. Impressively, these results were observed even when the irrigation time was reduced to just 4 minutes, a 30% reduction from typical water usage. In summary, our research suggests that during the dry season, Dendrobium orchid growers can potentially reduce irrigation water usage by 30% without sacrificing the growth or quality of their plants.
Engineering properties of cashew apple and nut in relation to design of cashew apple and nut separator
Authors: Manjunatha K , Balasubramanian D , Naik Ravindra , Adiga J.D
Published: January 2024

Cashew, an important tree nut crop, presents a challenge in separating the nut from the soft and fibrous cashew apple at maturity. Understanding the engineering properties of cashew apple and nut is necessary to design a machine for separating these two. The present study is aimed to determine the physical, mechanical and frictional properties of cashew apple and nut in six varieties viz., Bhaskara, Nethra Ganga, Ullal-3, Vengurla-7, Vengurla-4 and Dhana. The cashew apple and nuts’ arithmetic and geometric mean diameters were 44.58 to 52.11 mm, 43.41 to 51.41 mm and 24.96 to 28.81 mm, 23.89 to 28.11 mm, respectively. The sphericity of the cashew apple was found to be in the range of 0.76 to 0.89, whereas that of nut ranged between 0.71 and 0.80. Bulk density of cashew apple ranged from 495.15 to 581.50 kg m-3, whereas that of nuts ranged from 451.66 to 531.47 kg m-3. The static coefficient of friction of cashew apple and nuts varied on different surfaces. The mean values of the compression test in longitudinal and lateral directions were found to be in the range of 80.54 to 179.38 N and 90.92 to 139.40 N. The shearing force was found to be in the range of 20.36 to 53.08 N and 26.52 to 40.46 N in longitudinal and lateral directions, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed in the physical properties of cashew apple and nuts among the varieties. These findings would be pertinent for designing the post-harvest machinery in cashew.
Price instability, seasonal index and modelling for major vegetables in India
Authors: Kumar K.Sathees , Ilakiya T , Gowthaman T
Published: January 2024

Vegetable production plays a pivotal role in the horticulture industry, yet the availability of vegetable crops remains unpredictable. Seasonal volatility contributes to unclear supply, resulting in price fluctuations. This study aimed to assess the seasonal indices and price instability of key vegetables in India using the Cuddy-Della Instability Index and the Ratio to Moving Average approach. Monthly price series spanning January 2010 to December 2021 were collected from the AGMARKNET website. Seasonality in the price series was examined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results indicated that potatoes exhibited moderate instability, while onions and tomatoes displayed high instability. The onion price series demonstrated the highest seasonal indices in October, November, and December. Wholesale and retail prices were lowest in April, May, and June. October and November marked the peak wholesale and retail prices for potatoes, with the lowest prices recorded in February and March. July and August were the months with the highest wholesale and retail tomato prices, while February and March saw the lowest prices. The ARIMA model, applied to de-seasonalized price series, estimated factors excluding the seasonal component. Recognizing these price patterns enables farmers, policymakers, and government sectors to take necessary precautions against sudden price changes
Biological management of cumin Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini using antagonistic rhizospheric bacteria Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Yadav Kavita , Damodaran T , Dutt Kakoli , Kumari Sangeeta , Debnath Prasenjith , Shukla Alok , Gopal Ram
Published: January 2024

The field survey conducted in Rajasthan, India, unveiled the widespread occurrence of Fusarium wilt in cumin fields that have been continuously cultivated for approximately 4 to 5 years. The incidence of this disease exceeded 30%, affecting cumin plants at all stages of growth, with severe symptoms ultimately resulting in the complete mortality of the plants. In laboratory studies, a bacterial isolate known as Bacillus licheniformis (CSR-D4) exhibited remarkable in vitro effectiveness, significantly inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumnini (FOC) mycelial growth by an impressive 79.85%. In controlled pot experiments, cumin plants treated with B. licheniformis (CSR-D4) displayed milder symptoms than untreated plants, demonstrating a notably higher tolerance level, with only a 15% disease incidence as opposed to 90% in untreated plants. Further analysis of defense enzymes revealed elevated chlorophyll, carotenoid, peroxidase activity levels, and proline content in cumin plants treated with B. licheniformis (CSR-D4). Field assessments confirmed the efficacy of this bacterial isolate, as it successfully suppressed wilt incidence by 60%, significantly increased crop yield by 71.16%, and promoted root and shoot growth. Notably, applying B. licheniformis (CSR-D4) did not negatively impact beneficial microorganisms, and no adverse phytotoxic symptoms were observed. This study underscores the considerable potential of B. licheniformis (CSR-D4) in managing Fusarium wilt, offering an environmentally friendly and highly effective solution to enhance the health and productivity of pea plants.
Spiny coriander (Eryngium foetidum L.): A novel aromatic herb with rich chemo diversity and flavor potential
Authors: Chandrakala R , Venkatesan K , Selvi B. Senthamizh , Senthil N. , Karthikeyan G
Published: January 2024

Spiny coriander (Eryngium foetidum L.) is a perennial medicinal herb commonly cultivated in tropical regions, notably in India, where it is celebrated for its culinary applications, providing garnish and flavor enhancement to a multitude of dishes while also being employed in traditional remedies for various ailments. In this study, we investigated the volatile flavor constituents of this unique plant via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and found that the essential oil content of Eryngium leaves was approximately 0.15%. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil extracted from E. foetidum leaves revealed the presence of 50 distinct compounds. Remarkably, among constituents, trans-2-dodecenal was the most abundant, representing a substantial 23.74% of the total composition, thereby playing a pivotal role in defining the unique flavor of Eryngium. With their remarkable chemodiversity, Eryngium species hold great potential for applications in various industries, including the culinary, pharmaceutical and fragrance sectors.
Assessment of ripening sachets for postharvest quality enhancement in Dashehari mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Beer Karma , Verma Anil Kumar , Ravi S.C. , Gupta Alok Kumar , Dayal Vishambhar , Singh Akath
Published: January 2024

Understanding the essential role of ethylene release in the long-distance transportation of climacteric fruits, like mangoes, is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ethylene release and the postharvest ripening of mangoes. The research employed innovative ripening sachets to control the ripening process, specifically focusing on extending shelf life and enhancing quality. Dashehari mangoes exposed to ripening sachets releasing 100 ppm of ethylene exhibited improved quality attributes. The 6th day post-treatment recorded the highest total soluble solids (TSS) at 17.37 °B and the lowest acidity at 0.23%. Ascorbic acid content and firmness were measured at 22.50 mg 100 gm-1 and 2.63 kg cm-², respectively. Polygalacturonase activity in mango pulp (11.80,08.56 U mL-1 min-1) and peel (34.00, 20.30 U mL-1 min-1) peaked on the 4th and 6th day, respectively. The peel colour L* value increases from 2nd to 6th day after treatment, whereas the a* and b* values increased from 2nd to 4th day and the a* and b* values gradually decreased on 6th day in all the treatments except T4. The study suggests that ripening sachets have the potential to effectively regulate mango ripening and preserving fruit quality for an extended period.
Development and standardization of cactus fruit-based tisane
Authors: . Yashkumar , Samit Dutta , Srilatha P
Published: January 2024

Cactus (prickly pear) is a nutrient-rich fruit with medicinal and health benefits, including minerals (iron, calcium, potassium), vitamins, antioxidants, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer effects. Mint, a versatile herb, enhances flavor. Herbal fruit teas are increasingly popular. Tisanes are popular for its antioxidant properties mainly because of phenols, which leach in water during infusion. Cactus fruits were dried in hot air dryer and the drying temperature of 50°C was optimized based on minimum drying time, maximum total betalain content and maximum total antioxidant activity. Mint leaves were dried using shade drying at a temperature of 30±2°C up to a moisture content of 7%. Formulation of cactus fruit-based tisane was done by using different cactus-mint ratios. Cactus mint ratio was standardized by highest overall acceptability, total antioxidant activity, and colour a* value. Cactus fruit-based tisane infusion was prepared by dipping a tea bag containing 2 g of dried material in 100 mL of hot water (95±2°C) for a steeping time of 2 min. Based on statistical analysis, the best combination of cactus fruit-mint ratio for tisane was optimized as 85:15. Infusion of cactus fruit-based tisane contained 10.92 mg/100g of total betalain content, 0.89 mg/100g of vitamin C, 12.19 mM/100g of total antioxidant activity etc., and the microbial analysis revealed that the total plate count (cfu/g) was in limit and yeast and mould count (cfu/g) was zero.
Pollination efficiency and foraging activity of stingless bee (Tetragonula “iridipennis” sp. group) in open field coriander cropping
Authors: Vignesh B. Saai , Anujaa B. , Manickavasagam S.
Published: January 2024

In this study, we investigated the efficiency of Tetragonula iridipennis Smith, India’s prevalent stingless bee, as a pollinator during the Rabi season, specifically focusing on coriander, cultivated for seed production. Our findings revealed several key insights during the peak blooming period of coriander. The highest activity of outgoing bees occurred between 1000-1200 hrs, with the peak number of pollen foragers recorded between 1100-1200 hrs, averaging 3.83 bees/5min/hour over six days. Nectar-foraging bees were most active between 1100 and 1400 hrs, while resin-foraging bees were observed at their peak between 1400 and 1500 hrs. Incorporating stingless bees in open-pollinated coriander crops resulted in a substantial yield of 130 kg of seeds per acre per 10 colonies, accompanied by 130 g of honey production within 28 days. Comparatively, this represented a 31 percent increase in seed production when compared to fields without bee colonies. These findings underscore the valuable role of T. iridipennis in enhancing coriander seed production, with potential implications for crop productivity and honey production.
Sliding of the hyperbolic cylinder along ideal plastic half-space boundary
Authors: Непершин Р.И.
Published: January 2024

Приведено численное моделирование стационарного пластического течения поверхностного слоя идеально пластического полупространства при скольжении жесткого гиперболического цилиндра с учетом контактного трения по Прандтлю на основе уравнений плоского пластического течения. Пластическая область с криволинейной границей перед скользящим цилиндром вычисляется из условия стационарности пластического течения в зависимости от распределения давления на границе контакта. Моделирование удовлетворяет полной системе уравнений теории плоской деформации для напряжений и скоростей при условии пластичности Мизеса. Вычисляются нагрузки и момент сопротивления пластическому скольжению гиперболического цилиндра, распределения напряжений и пластических деформаций на линиях тока. Моделирование представляет интерес для технологии пластического упрочнения поверхностного слоя с целью повышения износостойкости и усталостной прочности деталей машин.

Numerical simulation of surface layer steady-state plastic flow during sliding of rigid hyperbolic cylinder along ideal plastic half-space boundary with Prandtl’s contact fiction consideration is presented. Slip lines and velocities on the hodograph plane are defined by numerical integration of differential equations for stresses and velocities of plane strain plastic flow theory with Mises yield criterion. Plastic region with curved boundary before sliding cylinder is found from the steady-state plastic flow condition defined by pressure distribution on cylinder contact boundary. Loads and torque applied to cylinder, stream lines, stresses and plastic strains distributions in the plastic layer are calculated. The simulation can be used in technology of surface layer plastic work hardening to increase of machine parts wear and strength resistance.
Additions to Neotropical species of the genera Lithocharodes Sharp, 1881 and Somoleptus Sharp, 1881 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)
Authors: Irmler Ulrich
Published: January 2024

Amongst the material of the Kansas Natural History Museum, ten new species of the genus Lithocharodes Sharp, 1876 and eight new species of the genus Somoleptus Sharp, 1885 were found for the Neotropical Region. These are: Lithocharodes andersonisp. nov., L. dubiasp. nov., L. esmeraldaesp. nov., L. falinisp. nov., L. hansonisp. nov., L. hibbsisp. nov., L. lituratussp. nov., L. montanussp. nov., L. parallelussp. nov. and L. zamoraesp. nov. and from the genus Somoleptus, the species S. alajuelaesp. nov., S. curtioculatussp. nov., S. densicepssp. nov., S. guianensissp. nov., S. luteicornissp. nov., S. paramocolasp. nov., S. puntarenaesp. nov. and S. umicolasp. nov. New records were found for Lithocharodes bicolor (Sharp, 1885), L. curtipennis Irmler, 2021, L. puncticeps Sharp, 1885, L. somoleptoides Irmler, 2021, Somoleptus ashei Irmler, 2022, S. humicola Irmler, 2022, S. longicollis (LeConte, 1863), S. obscurus Sharp, 1885 and S. ovatus Irmler, 2022.
Precise tracking control via iterative learning for one-sided Lipschitz Caputo fractional-order systems
Authors: Wu Hanjiang , Huang Jie , Wu Kehan , Lopes António M. , Chen Liping
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates iterative learning control for Caputo fractional-order systems with one-sided Lipschitz nonlinearity. Both open- and closed-loop P-type learning algorithms are proposed to achieve perfect tracking for the desired trajectory, and their convergence conditions are established. It is shown that the algorithms can make the output tracking error converge to zero along the iteration axis. A simulation example illustrates the application of the theoretical findings, and shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Characteristics of patients presenting with primary oral cavity malignancies to the Tertiary dental Teaching Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesingha W. J. , Gunasena C. , Attygalla A. M. , Piyarathne N. S.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Malignancies in the oral cavity poses significant health burden in Sri Lanka and demonstrate an increasing trend. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of patients with oral cavity malignancies presenting to a tertiary care center during 2020-2022.Methodology: Hospital records of patients diagnosed with primary oral cavity malignancies presenting to the Dental Teaching Hospital Peradeniya were entered by two investigators to Microsoft Excel spreadsheet according to the National Cancer Control Program format. Descriptive data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel software.Results: A total of 193 patients were reported during this period, approximately 9 patients per month. Mean age and standard deviation of the cohort were 61±13 years. The male to female ratio was 2.8:1. There were a total of 17 histological types of malignancies, the commonest being squamous cell carcinoma 74.1%. From the total, 50.8% were diagnosed at advanced clinical stages. The commonest anatomical locations of malignancies were buccal mucosa 36.5% followed by border of the tongue 18.8%. Surgical resection was offered for 163 (84.4%) patients, while 5 (2.6%) received surgery and radiotherapy, and one (0.5%) received surgery and chemotherapy.Conclusions: Male gender, older age group and low socio-economic status were common among patients with oral cavity malignancies in Sri Lanka. The commonest location was buccal mucosa while commonest histological type was squamous cell carcinoma. Late diagnosis remains a major barrier in managing oral malignancies in the country.