bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Schopenhauer accept any positive pleasures?
Authors: Fox Joshua Isaac
Published: October 2022

Schopenhauer repeatedly claims that all pleasure is negative, and this view seems to play key roles throughout his work. Nonetheless, many scholars have argued that Schopenhauer actually acknowledges certain positive pleasures. Two major arguments have been offered for this reading, one focused on the link between Schopenhauer's view of pleasure and Plato's, and one focused on Schopenhauer's distinction between two components of aesthetic pleasure. I argue that neither way of motivating the positive pleasure reading succeeds. Both overlook a key aspect of Schopenhauer's account: namely, his suggestion that there are two distinct kinds of negative pleasure, pleasures of satisfaction and pleasures of distraction. When Schopenhauer claims that all pleasure is negative, he means it.
Intercontinental analysis of temperate steppe stream food webs reveals consistent autochthonous support of fishes
Authors: Arsenault Emily R. , Thorp James H. , Polito Michael J. , Minder Mario , Dodds Walter K. , Tromboni Flavia , Maasri Alain , Pyron Mark , Mendsaikhan Bud , Otgonganbat Amarbat , Altangerel Solongo , Chandra Sudeep , Shields Robert , Artz Caleb , Bennadji Hayat
Published: October 2022

Quantifying the trophic basis of production for freshwater metazoa at broad spatial scales is key to understanding ecosystem function and has been a research priority for decades. However, previous lotic food web studies have been limited by geographic coverage or methodological constraints. We used compound‐specific stable carbon isotope analysis of amino acids (AAs) to estimate basal resource contributions to fish consumers in streams spanning grassland, montane and semi‐arid ecoregions of the temperate steppe biome on two continents. Across a range of stream sizes and light regimes, we found consistent trophic importance of aquatic resources. Essential AAs of heterotrophic microbial origin generally provided secondary support for fishes, while terrestrial carbon did not seem to provide significant, direct support. These findings provide strong evidence for the dominant contribution of carbon to higher‐order consumers by aquatic autochthonous resources (primarily) and heterotrophic microbial communities (secondarily) in temperate steppe streams.
Retaining memory after hibernation: Performance varies independently of activity levels in wild grey mouse lemurs
Authors: Henke‐von der Malsburg Johanna , Fichtel Claudia , Kappeler Peter M.
Published: October 2022

Hibernation, a hypometabolic state associated with low body temperature and reduced metabolic and activity rates, represents one adaptation to harsh seasonal environmental conditions. As a consequence of hypometabolism, energetically costly neuronal processes also ought to be reduced. Since active neuronal pathways are prerequisites for learning and memory, and because previous studies revealed variable patterns, it remains unclear whether and how hibernating animals retain memories, however. Here, we investigated the effect of seasonally reduced activity on memory retention in 36 wild grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). Data from activity loggers confirmed that female grey mouse lemurs entered hibernation during the cool dry season, whereas males exhibited episodic bursts of activity throughout the austral winter. Thus, compared to males, we predicted females to show lower memory retention of visual and spatial stimulus–reward associations learned before hibernation. In contrast to our prediction, all individuals performed worse in the post‐hibernation testing session in both types of tests, compared to the pre‐hibernation learning session, and males (N = 11) performed even worse than females (N = 14) in the post‐hibernation testing session. Although females (N = 9) equipped with activity loggers tended to be less active than males (N = 4), sex‐specific activity levels were unrelated to interindividual differences in memory retention. Hence, the post‐hibernation decrease in performance of grey mouse lemurs may reflect a more general disability to retain stimulus–reward associations than a lack of memory retention due to seasonal hypometabolism, as suggested for some species of bats or squirrels.
Comparison of blind, ultrasound‐ and neurostimulator‐guided methods of percutaneous inferior alveolar nerve block
Authors: Lloyd‐Edwards Ralph A. , Ferrão ‐ van Sommeren Aukje , Hermans Hanneke , Tersmette Anne A. , Veraa Stefanie , van Loon Johannes P. A. M.
Published: October 2022

Background

An inferior alveolar nerve block is often utilised for anaesthesia of the mandibular arcade of teeth prior to dental procedures. It has been described with multiple approaches and methods; however, at the current time, no direct comparison of percutaneous methods is available.

Objectives

To compare the accuracy of percutaneous infiltration of the inferior alveolar nerve with a ventral blind approach (control) to blind caudal approach, ultrasound‐guided and neurostimulator‐guided methods.

Study design

Prospective comparison of methods using anaesthetised horses prior to euthanasia or cadavers, being utilised for another study.

Methods

An 18 G spinal needle was used to inject a volume of 1 ml, composed of 0.5 ml of methylene blue and 0.5 ml of iodinated CT contrast medium, with placement guided by the aforementioned methods. Following injection the needle was left in place, CT‐imaging was performed and then the skulls were dissected. CT enabled assessment of the coverage of the mandibular foramen with contrast medium and distance of the needle tip from the mandibular foramen and dissection enabled assessment of the staining of the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve.

Results

The highest percentage of contrast staining of the inferior alveolar nerve and coverage of the mandibular foramen at CT was achieved with caudal blind and ultrasound‐guided approaches; however, no group reached a significant difference to control (ventral blind approach). Concurrent staining of the lingual nerve (possibly associated with undesired side effects) had high incidence and was similar between groups.

Main limitations

Use of horses under anaesthesia/cadavers does not replicate clinical conditions and staining/coverage is assumed to relate to a clinically effective block.

Conclusions

Ultrasound‐guided and caudal approaches did have increased percentage of successful staining, but neither reached significance compared to the ventral blind approach.
Computed tomography findings in horses presented with signs of head‐shaking
Authors: Perrier Melanie , Manso‐Díaz Gabriel , Dunkel Bettina
Published: October 2022

Background

Trigeminal nerve‐mediated head‐shaking (TNMH) in horses is a diagnosis made by exclusion. Computed tomography (CT) is frequently used to identify any disease process that could cause the clinical signs of head‐shaking. Although abnormalities are frequently identified, it is unknown whether treatment of these conditions improves clinical signs.

Objectives

To ascertain the clinical significance of CT findings in horses presented with a complaint of head‐shaking.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

CT and patient records were reviewed and all abnormal findings and any treatments subsequently carried out was recorded. A questionnaire was sent to referring veterinarians and owners were contacted by telephone to establish whether treatment of the identified condition improved clinical signs.

Results

This study included 103 horses presented for head CT with the complaint of head‐shaking with follow‐up information obtained for 84 horses (81.6%). The diagnosis of TNMH was based on a combination of positive maxillary nerve block and/or response to treatment for TNMH. Although TNMH was the most common diagnosis with 62 horses (60.2%) affected, in 22 horses (21.4%), a primary disease process was identified and treatment of the condition eliminated signs of head‐shaking. Clinically relevant primary diseases included dental fracture, primary sinusitis, temporo‐mandibular joint arthritis, nuchal bursitis, musculoskeletal pathologies, basisphenoid fracture, otitis externa and a mass affecting the infra‐orbital nerve.

Main limitations

Some clinical information was missing and follow‐up information was not obtained in all cases.

Conclusions

CT was perceived as a useful diagnostic tool by most veterinarians, ruling out significant abnormalities. In over 20% of the cases, a treatable primary condition was identified leading to complete resolution of clinical signs.
Expert system for automatic microservices identification using API similarity graph
Authors: Sun Xiaoxiao , Boranbaev Salamat , Han Shicong , Wang Huanqiang , Yu Dongjin
Published: October 2022

As a new software design paradigm, microservices structure an application as a collection of services that are independently deployable and loosely coupled. A key step of migrating non‐microservices‐based systems to microservices‐based systems is the identification of microservices in the target application. Traditional approaches to identify microservices, however, usually suffer from lack of full automation and low effectiveness. This paper puts forward an expert system to identify microservices automatically from legacy systems by leveraging the similarity of RESTful APIs. The system consists of three major parts. The first part calculates the candidate topic similarity and the response message similarity of APIs, and the overall similarity is obtained through their combination. Afterwards, the second part constructs a graph of API similarities with API as the node and the overall similarity as the weight. The third part employs a graph‐based clustering algorithm to identify candidate microservices from the API similarity graph. Experiments conducted on open‐source projects demonstrate the effectiveness of our system.
Senescent cells in the brain and where to find them
Authors: Rachmian Noa , Krizhanovsky Valery
Published: October 2022

Cellular senescence is a process in which cells change their characteristic phenotype in response to stress and enter a state of prolonged cell cycle arrest accompanied by a distinct secretory phenotype. Cellular senescence has both beneficial and detrimental outcomes. With age, senescent cells progressively accumulate in tissues and might be the bridge connecting ageing to many age‐related pathologies. In recent years, evidence emerged supporting the accumulation of brain senescent cells during neurological disorders and ageing. Here, we will discuss the different brain cell populations that exhibit a senescent phenotype. Subsequently, we will explore several senolytic strategies which have been developed to eliminate senescent cells. Finally, we will examine their potential to directly eliminate these senescent brain cells.
Animal survival strategies in Neoproterozoic ice worlds
Authors: Griffiths Huw J. , Whittle Rowan J. , Mitchell Emily G.
Published: October 2022

The timing of the first appearance of animals is of crucial importance for understanding the evolution of life on Earth. Although the fossil record places the earliest metazoans at 572–602 Ma, molecular clock studies suggest a far earlier origination, as far back as ~850 Ma. The difference in these dates would place the rise of animal life into a time period punctuated by multiple colossal, potentially global, glacial events. Although the two schools of thought debate the limitations of each other's methods, little time has been dedicated to how animal life might have survived if it did arise before or during these global glacial periods. The history of recent polar biota shows that organisms have found ways of persisting on and around the ice of the Antarctic continent throughout the Last Glacial Maximum (33–14 Ka), with some endemic species present before the breakup of Gondwana (180–23 Ma). Here we discuss the survival strategies and habitats of modern polar marine organisms in environments analogous to those that could have existed during Neoproterozoic glaciations. We discuss how, despite the apparent harshness of many ice covered, sub‐zero, Antarctic marine habitats, animal life thrives on, in and under the ice. Ice dominated systems and processes make some local environments more habitable through water circulation, oxygenation, terrigenous nutrient input and novel habitats. We consider how the physical conditions of Neoproterozoic glaciations would likely have dramatically impacted conditions for potential life in the shallows and erased any possible fossil evidence from the continental shelves. The recent glacial cycle has driven the evolution of Antarctica's unique fauna by acting as a “diversity pump,” and the same could be true for the late Proterozoic and the evolution of animal life on Earth, and the existence of life elsewhere in the universe on icy worlds or moons.
Global range dynamics of the Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) from the Last Glacial Maximum to climate change scenarios
Authors: Subedi Tulsi R. , Peréz‐García Juan M. , Gurung Sandesh , Baral Hem S. , Virani Munir Z. , Sah Shahrul A. M. , Anadón José D.
Published: October 2022

Species' ranges are dynamic, particularly at large temporal scales. The reconstruction of range dynamics has an obvious biogeographical interest and might also help to frame current knowledge on the ecology and conservation of a species within a wider biogeographical context. The Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus is a charismatic high‐altitude species occurring along mountain ranges of the Old World. The species has experienced a global range contraction in the last century mainly due to unintentional poisoning and direct persecution. Despite its declining status and high habitat specialization, little is known about how climate change is impacting the distribution of suitable habitat, or about global past range dynamics of the species. We modelled the current distribution of Bearded Vulture throughout its entire range and projected the Last Glacial Maxima (LGM), Mid‐Holocene (MH) and future distribution under 2070s climate change scenarios. Overall, our models predicted that expansion of suitable areas at more northern latitudes for 2070, mostly in Russia and China, does not compensate for range contraction at more southern latitudes, resulting in a global loss of 15% of suitable habitat. Our fine‐scale predictions of habitat contraction due to climate change will assist in identifying current portions of the range that might be particularly vulnerable in coming years. African populations (34% decrease) and more thermic areas in Asia are the most impacted areas, and should be at the forefront of future monitoring and conservation efforts. Our models suggest that the predicted contraction in habitat suitability during the 21st century largely continues the contraction experienced since the LGM (7% decline), albeit over a much shorter period of time. From a biogeographical perspective, our models suggest that there have not been relevant changes in the arrangement of the main suitable areas for the species since the LGM. This result challenges some of the main hypotheses proposed to explain the observed genetic structure of the global population.
Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science – from characterization to cause
Authors: Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J.S. , Becker Stephen P. , Bölte Sven , Castellanos Francisco Xavier , Franke Barbara , Newcorn Jeffrey H. , Nigg Joel T. , Rohde Luis Augusto , Simonoff Emily
Published: October 2022

The science of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is motivated by a translational goal – the discovery and exploitation of knowledge about the nature of ADHD to the benefit of those individuals whose lives it affects. Over the past fifty years, scientific research has made enormous strides in characterizing the ADHD condition and in understanding its correlates and causes. However, the translation of these scientific insights into clinical benefits has been limited. In this review, we provide a selective and focused survey of the scientific field of ADHD, providing our personal perspectives on what constitutes the scientific consensus, important new leads to be highlighted, and the key outstanding questions to be addressed going forward. We cover two broad domains – clinical characterization and, risk factors, causal processes and neuro‐biological pathways. Part one focuses on the developmental course of ADHD, co‐occurring characteristics and conditions, and the functional impact of living with ADHD – including impairment, quality of life, and stigma. In part two, we explore genetic and environmental influences and putative mediating brain processes. In the final section, we reflect on the future of the ADHD construct in the light of cross‐cutting scientific themes and recent conceptual reformulations that cast ADHD traits as part of a broader spectrum of neurodivergence.
ORF355 confers enhanced salinity stress adaptability to S‐type cytoplasmic male sterility maize by modulating the mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis
Authors: Xiao Senlin , Song Wei , Xing Jinfeng , Su Aiguo , Zhao Yanxin , Li Chunhui , Shi Zi , Li Zhiyong , Wang Shuai , Zhang Ruyang , Pei Yuanrong , Chen Huabang , Zhao Jiuran
Published: October 2022

Moderate stimuli in mitochondria improve wide‐ranging stress adaptability in animals, but whether mitochondria play similar roles in plants is largely unknown. Here, we report the enhanced stress adaptability of S‐type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS‐S) maize and its association with mild expression of sterilizing gene ORF355. A CMS‐S maize line exhibited superior growth potential and higher yield than those of the near‐isogenic N‐type line in saline fields. Moderate expression of ORF355 induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and activated the cellular antioxidative defense system. This adaptive response was mediated by elevation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentration and associated metabolic homeostasis. Metabolome analysis revealed broad metabolic changes in CMS‐S lines, even in the absence of salinity stress. Metabolic products associated with amino acid metabolism and galactose metabolism were substantially changed, which underpinned the alteration of the antioxidative defense system in CMS‐S plants. The results reveal the ORF355‐mediated superior stress adaptability in CMS‐S maize and might provide an important route to developing salt‐tolerant maize varieties.
R‐loop: The new genome regulatory element in plants
Authors: Zhou Jincong , Zhang Weifeng , Sun Qianwen
Published: October 2022

An R‐loop is a three‐stranded chromatin structure that consists of a displaced single strand of DNA and an RNA:DNA hybrid duplex, which was thought to be a rare by‐product of transcription. However, recent genome‐wide data have shown that R‐loops are widespread and pervasive in a variety of genomes, and a growing body of experimental evidence indicates that R‐loops have both beneficial and harmful effects on an organism. To maximize benefit and avoid harm, organisms have evolved several means by which they tightly regulate R‐loop levels. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the biogenesis and effects of R‐loops, the mechanisms that regulate them, and methods of R‐loop profiling, reviewing recent research advances on R‐loops in plants. Furthermore, we provide perspectives on future research directions for R‐loop biology in plants, which might lead to a more comprehensive understanding of R‐loop functions in plant genome regulation and contribute to future agricultural improvements.
Understanding protein translocation across chloroplast membranes: Translocons and motor proteins
Authors: Kim Da Been , Na Changhee , Hwang Inhwan , Lee Dong Wook
Published: October 2022

Subcellular organelles in eukaryotes are surrounded by lipid membranes. In an endomembrane system, vesicle trafficking is the primary mechanism for the delivery of organellar proteins to specific organelles. However, organellar proteins for chloroplasts, mitochondria, the nucleus, and peroxisomes that are translated in the cytosol are directly imported into their target organelles. Chloroplasts are a plant‐specific organelle with outer and inner envelope membranes, a dual‐membrane structure that is similar to mitochondria. Interior chloroplast proteins translated by cytosolic ribosomes are thus translocated through TOC and TIC complexes (translocons in the outer and inner envelope of chloroplasts, respectively), with stromal ATPase motor proteins playing a critical role in pulling pre‐proteins through these import channels. Over the last three decades, the identity and function of TOC/TIC components and stromal motor proteins have been actively investigated, which has shed light on the action mechanisms at a molecular level. However, there remains some disagreement over the exact composition of TIC complexes and genuine stromal motor proteins. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the mechanisms by which proteins are translocated through TOC/TIC complexes and discuss future prospects for this field of research.
Addressing the high prevalence of uterine fundal pressure in low‐middle income country during vaginal delivery through a quality improvement initiative: Road to respectful maternity care
Authors: Sarkar Avir , Panneer Selvam Sivaranjani , Chawla Raina , Jindal Sonam , Thakur Vivek
Published: October 2022

Background

Intrapartum care is of paramount importance in overall respectful maternity care (RMC). Uterine fundal pressure maneuver (UFPM) is the most controversial obstetric maneuver considered obsolete in many countries. UFPM is associated with adverse life threatening maternal and fetal effects. The baseline prevalence of UFPM in our tertiary care teaching hospital with a heavy patient load was 78.4% which was quite high. Our aim was to reduce the prevalence of UFPM by 75% from baseline over a period of 10 months.

Methods

After root cause analysis, we formulated the departmental Standard Operating Procedures on safe vaginal delivery and birth practices and initiated the Labour Room Quality Improvement Initiative. We sensitized and created awareness among the resident doctors and nursing staff regarding the high prevalence of UFPM through dedicated lectures, intercommunication via WhatsApp groups and strict vigilance in the labor wards. The point of care quality improvement (QI) methodology was used. The primary outcome was decrease in the prevalence of UFPM.

Results

The prevalence of UFPM reduced from the baseline value of 78.4%–4% over the period of 7 months. Post intervention it gradually increased and sustained at 21.2% over a follow‐up period of 3 months.

Conclusion

QI methods can effectively and rapidly improve the acceptance and adherence to newer initiatives in a busy tertiary care health facility to reduce the prevalence of UFPM and eventually improve the overall RMC.
Gestational weight gain adequacy among twin pregnancies in France
Authors: Amyx Melissa , Korb Diane , Zeitlin Jennifer , Schmitz Thomas , Le Ray Camille
Published: October 2022

The objective of this paper is to describe gestational weight gain (GWG), to assess the applicability of the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, and to derive a GWG adequacy classification within a French cohort. We included twins from the national, prospective, population‐based JUmeaux MODe d'Accouchement (JUMODA) cohort study (2014–2015). Following the IOM approach, we selected a ‘standard’ population of term pregnancies with ‘optimal’ birthweight (≥2500 g; n = 2562). GWG adequacy (insufficient; adequate; excessive) was defined using IOM recommendations (normal body mass index [BMI]: 16.8–24.5 kg [also utilized for underweight BMI]; overweight: 14.1–22.7 kg; obese: 11.4–19.1 kg). Additionally, using the IOM approach, we determined the 25th and 75th percentiles of GWG in our standard population to create a JUMODA‐derived GWG adequacy classification. GWG and GWG adequacy were described, overall and by BMI and parity. In the JUMODA standard population of term twin livebirths with optimal birthweight, mean GWG was 16.1 kg (standard deviation 6.3). Using IOM recommendations, almost half (46.5%) of the women had insufficient and few (10.0%) had excessive GWG, with similar results regardless of BMI or parity. The 25th and 75th percentiles of GWG in the JUMODA standard population (underweight: 13–21 kg; normal weight: 13–20 kg; overweight: 11–19 kg; obese: 7–16 kg) were lower than the IOM recommendations. The IOM recommendations classified a relatively high percentage of French women as having insufficient and a low percentage as having excessive GWG. Additional research to evaluate recommendations in relation to adverse perinatal outcomes is needed to determine whether the IOM recommendations or the JUMODA‐derived classification is more appropriate for French twin gestations.
Interventions to support the re‐establishment of breastfeeding and their application in humanitarian settings: A systematic review
Authors: Amat Camacho Nieves , von Schreeb Johan , Della Corte Francesco , Kolokotroni Ourania
Published: October 2022

In 1998, the World Health Organisation (WHO) published general guidelines proposing essential measures to achieve relactation. Yet, increased knowledge about the practical set‐up of relactation support interventions in different contexts is needed, especially in humanitarian settings, where nonbreastfed infants are particularly at risk. This study aimed to compile and assess the characteristics, outcomes and factors influencing the implementation of relactation support interventions reported since the latest WHO recommendations. We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, undertaking a search from Medline, Embase, PubMed Central, Web of Science, Global Health and CINAHL electronic databases. Studies published in English and Spanish, reporting characteristics and outcomes of relactation support provided to non‐(breastfeeding) BF mothers with infants aged less than 6 months were included. Data were analysed by narrative synthesis and the Johanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools were used for quality assessment. Overall, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most were observational and conducted in middle‐income countries, only one focused on humanitarian settings. Studies reported inpatient and community‐based interventions, which generally followed WHO recommendations for relactation. In 13 out of 16 studies, over 80% of mothers restarted BF after receiving relactation support. Enabling factors included younger infant age, shorter lactation gap, mother's strong motivation, family support, and continuous skilled support. Although current literature suggests that intensive relactation support can contribute to re‐establish BF, its application and effectiveness in humanitarian settings remain uncertain. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability of different approaches to relactation support, especially in humanitarian settings.
Combined Proximal Tibial Osteotomy for Adult Kashin–Beck Disease with Severe Varus Knee Osteoarthritis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Yunfei , Li Ruiyang , Zhan Yu , Xie Xuetao , Luo Congfeng
Published: October 2022

Background

Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic, chronic osteoarthropathy that seriously affects joint function and can lead to severe knee deformity. Osteotomy is considered to be one of the effective methods for the treatment of this disease. Therefore, we designed a novel type of osteotomy named combined proximal tibial osteotomy (CPTO), which combines the characteristics of opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomy and tibial condylar valgus osteotomy.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 48‐year‐old male with knee pain and varus deformity who was diagnosed with KBD and varus knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren–Lawrence stage IV). Considering the patient's relatively young age, a varus deformity of the right knee of 16.79°, and an intra‐articular instability, we performed a CPTO treatment. In this procedure, we performed an L‐shaped osteotomy from the medial edge of the proximal tibia to the intercondylar eminence and an osteotomy from the medial side of the proximal tibia to the lateral side through the same incision, to adjust the leg alignment and the congruity of the joint by valgus correction. At 29 months follow‐up, this patient achieved satisfactory results, with a varus right knee of 2.87°. There was significant improvement in his right knee function, pain, and joint stability.

Conclusions

CPTO may be an acceptable treatment for KBD patients with severe knee varus deformity and intra‐articular instability. It can be considered as an alternative treatment, especially for patients with advanced osteoarthritis needing knee preservation.
Comparison of Perpendicular to the Coronal Plane versus Medial Inclination for C2 Pedicle Screw Insertion Assisted by 3D Printed Navigation Template
Authors: Wu Chao , Deng Jiayan , Wang Qing , Shen Danwei , Qin Binwei , Li Tao , Wang Xiangyu , Zeng Baifang
Published: October 2022

Objective

C2 pedicle screw insertion is very important in posterior upper cervical surgery. The traditional screw placement technique requires us to consider both medial inclination and cephalad angle, it is difficult to operate intraoperatively. This paper is to explore a novel method of C2 pedicle screw placement compared with traditional C2 pedicle screw.

Methods

A total of 44 patients diagnosed with atlantoaxial fracture or instability from May 2018 to November 2020 were involved in this retrospective study, and they were divided into C2‐PPS group (perpendicular to the coronal plane C2 screw, 24 patients) and C2‐TPS group (traditional C2 pedicle screw, 20 patients). The diameter of the maximum tangential circle, distance between geometric center and median sagittal plane and screw length of PPS and TPS were measured based on the 3D model of C2, respectively. Then the 3D printed navigation templated were designed and manufactured by 3D printing to assisted the PPS and TPS placement, respectively. The surgical time and radiation exposure times during operation were recorded; the post‐operative grading criteria, deviation of screw entry point and deviation of screw angle of two groups were evaluated, respectively.

Results

A total of 48 screws were inserted in the C2‐PPS group, and 40 screws were inserted in the C2‐TPS group. There were 46 screws with grade 0 (95.8%) in the PPS group and 31 screws with grade 0 (77.5%) in the TPS group, (P = 0.03). The radiation exposure times in the C2‐PPS group and C2‐TPS group were 4.7 ± 1.5 and 7.8 ± 3.8, respectively, (P = 0.045). The deviations of screw entry point in the C2‐PPS group and C2‐TPS group were 1.2 ± 0.8 mm and 3.2 ± 1.3 mm, respectively; the deviations of screw angle in the C2‐PPS group and C2‐TPS group were 2.1 ± 1.6° and 4.8 ± 2.0°, respectively, (P = 0.000). The diameters of the maximum tangential circle in the C2‐PPS group and C2‐TPS group were 5.5 ± 1.0 mm and 5.3 ± 0.9 mm, respectively. The distances between the geometric center and median sagittal plane in the C2‐PPS group and C2‐TPS group were 15.4 ± 2.3 mm and 18.0 ± 3.3 mm, respectively; The screw lengths in the C2‐PPS group and C2‐TPS group were 25.9 ± 3.2 mm and 27.6 ± 3.7 mm, respectively, (P = 0.000).

Conclusion

Eighty percent of C2‐PPS corridor can accommodate a 3.5 mm diameter screw, and with an average screw length of 26 mm. Navigation templates assisted the C2‐PPS placement is less surgical time, less radiation exposure times, more safe and more accurate than C2‐TPS.
Ablation characteristics and incidence of steam pops with a novel, surface temperature‐controlled ablation system in an ex vivo experimental model
Authors: Tsutsui Kenta , Mori Hitoshi , Kawano Daisuke , Tanaka Naomichi , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Sumitomo Naokata , Iwanaga Shiro , Nakano Shintaro , Muramatsu Toshihiro , Matsumoto Kazuo , Kato Ritsushi
Published: October 2022

Background

A novel irrigation catheter (QDOT MICRO™) has been introduced, which enables a surface temperature‐controlled ablation combined with tip cooling. However, the detailed description of its complex behavior and effect on the incidence of pops and lesion formation remains elusive. This study aimed to systematically investigate the ablation characteristics, feedback behavior, and incidence of steam pops in a simplified ex vivo swine model.

Methods

Using swine ventricular tissue perfused with saline at 37°C, we systematically created lesions with 4×3 combinations of the wattage (20, 30, 40, and 50 W) and contact force (CF, 10, 30, and 50 g). Ablation was continued for either 120 s or until a steam pop occurred and repeated 10 times with each setting. The lesion geometry, ablation index, feedback dynamics, and conditions underlying the steam pops were measured and analyzed.

Results

Steam pops occurred particularly frequently in combinations of a low CF and high power (10 g vs. 30 g+50 g [p < .0001]; 40 W+50 W vs. 20 W+30 W [p < .0001]). Failure to activate a feedback process was associated with a 5.1 times higher incidence of steam pops (21/109 vs.11/11, [95% CI 3.499–7.716], p < .0001). The wattage feedback was particularly evident with a high CF (30 and 50 g) and high initial wattage (40 and 50 W). The average delivered wattage at 27 W predicted the occurrence of steam pops.

Conclusion

The temperature‐controlled ablation with the QDOT MICRO™ demonstrated a complex feedback behavior, which contributed to a reduced incidence of steam pops and prolonged lead time to the pops.
Point‐of‐care ultrasonography to predict fluid responsiveness in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Carioca Fernando de Lima , de Souza Fabiana Mendes , de Souza Thalita Belato , Rubio Aline Junqueira , Brandão Marcelo Barciela , Nogueira Roberto José Negrão , de Souza Tiago Henrique
Published: October 2022

Background

Point‐of‐care ultrasonography (POCUS) is proposed as a valuable method for hemodynamic monitoring and several ultrasound‐based predictors of fluid responsiveness have been studied. The main objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of these predictors in children.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant publications through July 2022. Pediatric studies reporting accuracy estimates of ultrasonographic predictors of fluid responsiveness were included since they had used a standard definition of fluid responsiveness and had performed an adequate fluid challenge.

Results

Twenty‐three studies involving 1028 fluid boluses were included, and 12 predictors were identified. A positive response to fluid infusion was observed in 59.7% of cases. The vast majority of participants were mechanically ventilated (93.4%). The respiratory variation in aortic blood flow peak velocity (∆Vpeak) was the most studied predictor, followed by the respiratory variation in inferior vena cava diameter (∆IVC). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of ∆Vpeak were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76–0.90) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.75–0.87), respectively, and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUSROC) was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.86–0.92). The ∆IVC presented a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.62–0.90) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.51–0.84), respectively, and an AUSROC of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.78–0.85). Significant heterogeneity in accuracy estimates across studies was observed.

Conclusions

POCUS has the potential to accurately predict fluid responsiveness in children. However, only ∆Vpeak was found to be a reliable predictor. There is a lack of evidence supporting the use of POCUS to guide fluid therapy in spontaneously breathing children.
Agree feeds interpretation: Evidence from Japanese object honorifics
Authors: Ikawa Shiori
Published: October 2022

The operation Agree is generally considered to lack direct semantic effects. Based on the Japanese object‐honorific construction, this work claims that Agree can in fact interact with LF interpretation such that some semantic predicates select their arguments via Agree. More specifically, I claim that the object‐honorific marker serves as a semantic predicatehonor, which selects its arguments via Agree. Based on the distribution of the NP that can trigger object‐honorific marking, the object‐honorific marker seems to access the object via Agree, as previous studies have argued; I examine, however, the theoretically overlooked observation that object honorification is felicitous only when the object referent is honored by the subject referent as well as the speaker. Based on this observation and the result from previous studies, I argue that object‐honorific morphology is semantically a predicate that takes two arguments, anhonorerand anhonoree, and finds those arguments via Agree.
Staphylococci isolated from cats in Italy with superficial pyoderma and allergic dermatitis: Characterisation of isolates and their resistance to antimicrobials
Authors: Cavana Paola , Robino Patrizia , Stella Maria Cristina , Bellato Alessandro , Crosaz Odile , Fiora Sara Rebecca , Nebbia Patrizia
Published: October 2022

Background

In cats, superficial pyoderma traditionally is considered rare and few reports are available. There is a particular lack of studies concerning Staphylococcus species associated with pyoderma in subjects affected by allergic skin diseases.

Hypothesis/objectives

(i) To evaluate the association between Staphylococcus spp. and superficial pyoderma in allergic cats and (ii) to characterise isolated staphylococci and analyse their antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Animals

Forty‐one cats with allergic dermatitis and superficial pyoderma in Italy.

Materials and Methods

Skin swabs were cultured for the isolation of Staphylococcus spp. Species identification was performed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry and 16S‐rRNA sequencing. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were further characterised by staphylococcal protein A gene‐typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by the disk diffusion method.

Results

Staphylococci were isolated from 36/41 cats sampled and 39 different isolates were identified. Uneven distribution of staphylococcal species was observed among different body locations. The 39 isolates were S. aureus (n = 15), S. felis (n = 10), S. pseudintermedius (n = 8) and other staphylococci (n = 6). Eight different S. aureus spa‐types associated with human clonal complexes were identified. Antimicrobial resistance was observed to penicillin (56.4%), tetracycline (46.2%), enrofloxacin (33.3%), erythromycin (28.2%), amikacin (25.6%), clindamycin (23.1%), marbofloxacin (15.4%), gentamicin (12.8%), trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (10.3%), chloramphenicol (7.7%) and cefoxitin/oxacillin (5.1%). Fifteen isolates (38.4%) were multidrug‐resistant while meticillin resistance was associated only with S. pseudintermedius.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

These results confirm that S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, and S. felis are frequently associated with superficial pyoderma in allergic cats. Semi‐synthetic penicillins remain a suitable first‐line treatment in this study, yet the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant isolates suggests that antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be performed routinely.
Surgical description and outcome of ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in 50 dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Young Kenneth M. , Degner Daniel A.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To describe the surgical technique and clinical outcome of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in the dog.

Animals

Fifty client‐owned dogs with PHPT that underwent minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

An ultrasound‐guided mini lateral approach was made via a plane established between the sternocephalicus muscle and sternohyoideus muscles to expose the thyroid gland and enlarged parathyroid gland. Abnormal parathyroid glands were removed en bloc via partial thyroidectomy. The technique for bilateral disease was similar, the skin incision was made on midline and moved laterally to develop the above‐mentioned plane of dissection. Age, sex, breed, bodyweight, ultrasound findings, histopathological diagnosis, surgical time, preoperative clinical signs, and clinical outcome were extracted from the records for descriptive statistics.

Results

A total of 62 glands were surgically removed, including 17 hyperplastic glands (17/62, 27.4%), 34 adenomas (34/62, 54.8%), and two carcinomas (2/62, 3.2%). Hypercalcemia resolved shortly after surgery in 44 dogs (44/45, 97.8%). One dog had recurrent hypercalcemia (1/45, 2.2%), one dog had persistent hypercalcemia (1/45, 2.2%), two dogs had permanent hypocalcemia requiring life‐long calcitriol supplementation (2/45, 4.4%), and one dog died from clinical hypocalcemia (1/45, 2.2%).

Conclusion

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy was associated with a low morbidity and led to favorable outcomes in 44/45 dogs in this series.

Clinical significance

The results of this study supports the use of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy to treat PHPT in dogs.
Bio‐efficacy of different post‐emergence herbicides in mungbean
Authors: Nath Chaitanya P. , Kumar Narendra , Hazra Kali K. , Praharaj Chandra S.
Published: October 2022

Weeds result in a significant yield loss in mungbean (Vigna radiata[L.] R. Wilczek). However, post‐emergence (POST) herbicides are limited in mungbean for broad‐spectrum weed control. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacies of different herbicides in mungbean to find a suitable broad‐spectrum POST herbicide. Nine herbicides, weed‐free check, and unweeded control treatments were tested in a randomised block design with three replications for two consecutive years. Among the tested herbicides, clodinafop‐propargyl + sodium‐acifluorfen 122.5 g a.i. ha−1applied at 15 days after sowing (DAS) reduced the broad‐leaved weed dry weight at 35 DAS and harvest by 55.8% and by 58.6% (p < 0.05) compared with the unweeded control respectively. Notably, it minimised the total weed dry weight by 23.1%–30.3% compared with the recommended herbicide pendimethalin 1 kg a.i. ha−1– quizalopfop‐p‐ethyl 100 g a.i. ha−1(p ≤ 0.05). Clodinafop‐propargyl + sodium‐acifluorfen had higher weed control index (58.2% at 35 DAS and 62.1% at harvest) over the remaining tested herbicides. Unweeded controls resulted in 51% yield loss compared with the clodinafop‐propargyl + sodium‐acifluorfen that did not differ from pendimethalin − quizalofop‐p‐ethyl for seed yield of mungbean. Decreasing order of treatment efficacy on mean grain yield across two years comprised the weed‐free check, clodinafop‐propargyl + sodium‐acifluorfen and pendimethalin − quiza‐lofop‐p‐ethyl, imazethapyr + imazamox, tembotrione, and topramezone. [Correction added on 10 November 2022, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, changes have been made to the article content to improve clarity in this version.] Application of clodinafop‐propargyl + sodium‐acifluorfen led to the greatest increase in soil microbial biomass carbon, indicating higher levels of soil biological and rhizospheric activity. We suggest that clodinafop‐propargyl + sodium acifluorfen is a suitable broad‐spectrum option for weed management of mungbean.
Particle‐swarm based modelling reveals two distinct classes of CRHPVN neurons
Authors: Lameu Ewandson L. , Rasiah Neilen P. , Baimoukhametova Dinara V. , Loewen Spencer P. , Bains Jaideep S. , Nicola Wilten
Published: October 2022

Electrophysiological recordings can provide detailed information of single neurons’ dynamical features and shed light on their response to stimuli. Unfortunately, rapidly modelling electrophysiological data for inferring network‐level behaviours remains challenging. Here, we investigate how modelled single neuron dynamics leads to network‐level responses in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), a critical nucleus for the mammalian stress response. Recordings of corticotropin releasing hormone neurons from the PVN (CRHPVN) were performed using whole‐cell current‐clamp. These, neurons, which initiate the endocrine response to stress, were rapidly and automatically fit to a modified adaptive exponential integrate‐and‐fire model (AdEx) with particle swarm optimization (PSO). All CRHPVN neurons were accurately fit by the AdEx model with PSO. Multiple sets of parameters were found that reliably reproduced current‐clamp traces for any single neuron. Despite multiple solutions, the dynamical features of the models such as the rheobase, fixed points, and bifurcations, were shown to be stable across fits. We found that CRHPVN neurons can be divided into two subtypes according to their bifurcation at the onset of firing: CRHPVN‐integrators and CRHPVN‐resonators. The existence of CRHPVN‐resonators was then directly confirmed in a follow‐up patch‐clamp hyperpolarization protocol which readily induced post‐inhibitory rebound spiking in 33% of patched neurons. We constructed networks of CRHPVN model neurons to investigate the network level responses of CRHPVN neurons. We found that CRHPVN‐resonators maintain baseline firing in networks even when all inputs are inhibitory. The dynamics of a small subset of CRHPVN neurons may be critical to maintaining a baseline firing tone in the PVN.

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Key points

Corticotropin‐releasing hormone neurons (CRHPVN) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus act as the final neural controllers of the stress response.

We developed a computational modelling platform that uses particle swarm optimization to rapidly and accurately fit biophysical neuron models to patched CRHPVN neurons.

A model was fitted to each patched neuron without the use of dynamic clamping, or other procedures requiring sophisticated inputs and fitting algorithms. Any neuron undergoing standard current clamp step protocols for a few minutes can be fitted by this procedure

The dynamical analysis of the modelled neurons shows that CRHPVN neurons come in two specific ‘flavours’: CRHPVN‐resonators and CRHPVN‐integrators. We directly confirmed the existence of these two classes of CRHPVN neurons in subsequent experiments.

Network simulations show that CRHPVN‐resonators are critical to retaining the baseline firing rate of the entire network of CRHPVN neurons as these cells can fire rebound spikes and bursts in the presence of strong inhibitory synaptic input.
Beam-Based Lattice Topology Transition With Function Representation
Authors: Letov Nikita , Fiona Zhao Yaoyao
Published: October 2022

A lattice structure is a porous periodic structure with unit cells organized according to a pattern. Lattice structures are lightweight parts that are commonly produced by additive manufacturing techniques. Lattice structures require their topology defined, which effectively defines the connectivity of their unit cell. Many of these topologies are beam based, i.e., their unit cell is represented by a network of nodes connected with beams. Such lattice structures require a geometric modeling tool capable of generating their solid model. This article presents a method to support the topology transition for beam-based lattice structures by controlling the geometric parameters of topologies. This control is made possible with the function representation of the geometry. This work also analyzes how suitable different beam-based lattice topologies are to support the transition. A few case studies are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.