bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dialogical Theology and Dialogical Practice
Authors: Weisse Wolfram , Meir Ephraim
Published: December 2022

This article focuses on the relationship between religions and dialogue, considering its current relevance. It shows how interreligious dialogue forms the basis for a pluralised theology. Against the backdrop of the established research project ‘Religions and Dialogue in Modern Societies’ (ReDi), we find an integrative approach to interreligious dialogue desirable, as it offers a means of linking three different research strands: religious studies, social sciences and education. In explaining their concept of a Dialogical Theology, the authors offer an answer to developments of global religious pluralisation. An important impulse of this approach lies in the concept of “trans-difference”, anchored in Jewish philosophy. Dialogical Theology requires the counterbalance of analyses related to interreligious dialogue at the grassroot level. This endeavour, carried out with sociological methods, is called “Dialogical Practice”. The article relates general ideas of a Dialogical Theology to concrete analyses of Dialogical Practice. In an imagined interreligious dialogue between the activists Abraham Joshua Heschel and Mahatma Gandhi, it shows how interreligious dialogue can contribute to a practice-oriented Dialogical Theology. Concluding remarks point to perspectives that underscore the need for further development of a Dialogical Theology with reference to Dialogical Practice. Keywords: Dialogical Theology, Trans-difference, Dialogical Practice, Interreligious Dialogue, Heschel, Gandhi
Cognitive Evoked Potentials in Anaemic Women: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sheema Umme Kulsoom , Rawekar Alka
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is a globally prevalent nutritional disorder and an important risk factor for the development of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). A manifestation of IDA is altered electrogenesis in the central nervous system. As women of reproductive age are more susceptible to this form of anaemia it is important to assess their cognitive function. Auditory cognitive evoked potentials/P300 are sensitive in detecting MCI which is indicated by prolonged latency and reduced amplitude. Aim: To investigate the effect of IDA on cognitive function using cognitive evoked potentials/P300 in neurologically intact women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Central Neuro Physiology lab, Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural hospital (AVBRH) attached to Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Wardha, Maharashtra, India, from January 2018 to February 2022. A total of 260 women were recruited for the study. Based on their blood haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels, 130 women were grouped as anaemic and 130 as non anaemic. The P300 was used as an objective tool to assess cognitive function. Haematological parameters like blood haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were compared (‘t’ test) and correlated (Spearman correlation) with the latency and amplitude of the P300 wave in the two groups. Results: The mean age (years) and Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2 ) of anaemic women were 23.88±3.67 and 20.98±1.45, respectively; and that of non anaemic women were 24.09±3.41, and 21.25±1.27 (p>0.05) respectively. The blood haemoglobin (mg/dL) and serum ferritin (ng/mL) were significantly (p<0.001) lower in anaemic group (10.37±0.95, 8.55±3.78) compared to non anaemic group (13.02±0.70, 27.61±10.52). The latency of P300 wave (ms) was significantly prolonged (p<0.001) in anaemic women (317.75±7.34) in comparison to non anaemic women (311.71±9.02), while the P300 amplitude did not differ between the two groups (p>0.05). A highly significant low negative correlation of P300 latency with haemoglobin (r= -0.48, p<0.001) and highly significant moderate negative correlation with serum ferritin (r= -0.55, p<0.001) was observed. And a negligible positive correlation of P300 amplitude with haemoglobin (r= 0.26, p<0.05) and serum ferritin (r=0.24, p<0.05) was observed. Conclusion: Cognitive evoked potential is an objective method that aids in the early detection of cognitive impairment. Evaluating the cognitive function in anaemic women and ensuring adequate iron treatment can prevent MCI from progressing to severe forms like dementia and other neuropsychological disorders.
Intrarater and Inter-rater Reliability of Pinch Dynamometer for Toe Grip Strength: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Poojari Shreya Vinodara , Srivastava Saumya
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Reduced Toe Grip Strength (TGS) is associated with an increased risk of knee pain. In India, toe grip is rarely examined and examination of TGS lacks quantifiable values. The pinch gauge dynamometer is an instrument/tool which is apposite in the assessment of grip strength. This study is a first of its kind to establish the reliability of pinch gauge dynamometer in assessing TGS. Aim: To evaluate intrarater and inter-rater reliability of pinch gauge dynamometer in measuring TGS. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Physiotherapy, deemed to be the university of Mangalore, Karnataka, India during the 1st week of August 2022. Out of 30 individuals, 15 were males and 15 were females. TGS was assessed using a Pinch gauge dynamometer. For data analysis, the mean of the three trials was used and the reliability test was calculated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Intrarater reliability showed ICC scores of 0.991 and 0.985 for both right and left feet, and inter-rater reliability showed scores of 0.985 and 0.977, respectively. In the female group inter-rater agreement on right side pinch strength was 0.923 and left side was 0.924. Among males inter-rater agreement, right side ICC score was 0.983 and left side was 0.967 between the raters. Conclusion: The pinch gauge dynamometer is reliable for measuring TGS with excellent intra and inter-rater reliability values.
Analysis of Factors Hindering the Measles Elimination among Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Cherukuri Nirmala , Yeruva Srividya , Thota Usha Rani , Karnabathula Karunya
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Measles is a highly infectious acute viral disease that can lead to serious complications and death. Effective immunisation coverage for measles will play a pivotal role in its elimination strategy. So, the global commitment, strengthening of health infrastructure and effective vaccine coverage are essential to achieve a world that will be free of measles. Aim: To assess the factors associated with the occurrence of measles and to determine the factors responsible for non compliance to measles vaccination. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics at Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad, India, during the period from October 2019 to March 2020 among the children clinical diagnosed with measles. The patients were evaluated for fever, rash, respiratory and other clinical symptoms associated with measles. History of measles vaccination and vitamin A administration were taken. Blood samples of patients were collected and measles specific IgM antibody detection test was done by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data was statistically analysed and presented as numbers and percentages were calculated. Results: Among 129 children, clinically diagnosed of measles, the predominant age group children effected was 1-6 years 68 (52.71%). Overall, 38 (29.5%) were vaccinated and 85 (65.9%) were unvaccinated during routine immunisation schedule. Measles-Containing Vaccine (MCV) coverage during Supplementary Immunisation Activities (SIAs) was also very limited (19.3%). Out of 129 cases, 121 (93.7%) were confirmed positive by measles IgM ELISA, 5 (3.8%) samples gave equivocal results and 3 (2.3%) were negative for the test. Conclusion: Inspite of the availability of effective and inexpensive measles vaccine for decades, vaccination coverage remains inadequate across the globe. So, effective implementation of vaccine services and monitoring of its surveillance system are needed for eradication of measles.
Integration of Knowledge Paradigm and Its Practical Application to Islamic Educational Systems
Authors: Danzaria Nasir , Ibrahim Tanimu A.
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses the paradigm of integration of knowledge and its practical application to Islamic educational systems. The first part of the paper covers the general idea about the integration of knowledge, models of integration of knowledge, its basis, and causes. The paper also explores contemporary discussions on the challenges in the research process and knowledge integration and highlights a need for an integrated approach to conducting research. The second part of the paper discusses the integration of knowledge in terms of the Islamic worldview and the practical application of the integration to Islamic educational systems. An Online Google survey form was used as the instrument for collecting the required data using a sample of 50 participants across 16 countries using various Islamic platforms such as WhatsApp and Telegram groups. Simple frequency and percentage were used in answering the research questions and in the analysis of the data. In the end, the paper recommends that the integration of knowledge especially in the Islamic educational system should be given serious attention and its practical application can be a solution for developing countries in Africa and Central Asia, thus, it should be supported through rigorous training, online courses, and workshops.
Discrete Length and Area Biased Exponential Distribution
Authors: Celik Nuri
Published: December 2022

The preference of the proper distribution for modelling data is often a substantial concern to researchers and practitioners. For this reason, new statistical distributions or the generalizations of well-known distributions have been proposed for exible modeling. Weighted distributions are one of the generalization methods for these distributions. In this article, we proposed e new discrete distribution which takes length and area biased exponential distributions as an underlying distribution. Main statistical properties of these proposed distributions are obtained and real-life examples which have been used in literature are used for illustration of these distributions.
Topological Near Groups
Authors: Maheswari A. , Ilango Gnanambal
Published: December 2022

Aims/ Objectives: The concept of topological group is a simple combination of the concepts of abstract group and topological space. The purpose of this paper is to combine the concepts of topological space and near groups to dene topological near groups on an nearness approximation space and study its properties.
Metals Assessments and Health Risk Associated with Consumption of Some Selected Fruits Obtained from Angwan Rukumba Market in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim E. G. , Gube-Ibrahim M. A. , Jonathan M. K.
Published: December 2022

This work studies the accumulation of selected metals (Mg, Mn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Cu) and human health risk via the consumption of selected fruits (Apple, Cucumber, Pawpaw, Sweet Melon and Banana) obtained in Angwan Rukumba Market, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria. The fruits were digested after air-dried with a mixture of HNO3 and HClO4 (2;1) and each of these metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The results of these metals content in fruit obtained in this market ranged as follows: Apple: Mg (0.630), Mn (0.325), Cr (0.132), Cd (0.174), Pb (0.339), Zn (1.217), Fe (0.374) and Cu (0.218), Cucumber: Mg (0.193), Mn (0.205), Cr (0.102), Cd (0.647), Pb (0.339), Zn (0.231), Fe (0.460) and Cu (0.359), Pawpaw: Mg (0.550), Mn (0.264),  Cr (0.701), Cd (0.151), Pb (0.094), Zn (0.086), Fe (0.110), and Cu (0.286), Sweet Melon: Mg (0.164), Mn (0.196), Cr (0.118), Cd (0.108), Pb (0.065), Zn (0.564), Fe (0.285) and Cu (0.246) and Banana: Mg (0.240), Mn (0.187), Cr (0.182), Cd (0.231), Pb (0.363), Zn (0.333), Fe (0.025) and Cu (0.418) in mg/kg respectively, the results of these metals in these fruits are generally lower than WHO/FAO exception of cadmium in cucumber and banana (0.647mg/kg and 0.237mg/kg) which is higher than WHO/FAO values of 0.20mg/kg. The daily intake metal (DIM) values are Mg (0.014 – 0.053), Mn (0.016 – 0.028), Cr (0.009 – 0.060), Cd (0.009 – 0.055), Pb (0.005 – 0.031), Fe (0.002 – 0.040), Zn (0.007 – 0.103) and Cu (0.019 – 0.036) respectively for the five fruits. The Total Hazard Quotient (THQ) values were less than 1.0 for all the metals studied which possibly suggest there is no obvious risk in consuming these fruits from this market.
Design of Scenario Creation Model for AI-CGF based on Naval Operations, Resources Analysis Model(I): Evolutionary Learning
Authors: Kim Hyun-geun , Gang Jung-seok , Park Kang-moon , Kim Jae-U , Kim Jang-hyun , Park Bum-joon , Chi Sung-do
Published: December 2022

Military training is an essential item for the fundamental problem of war. However, there has always been a problem that many resources are consumed, causing spatial and environmental pollution. The concepts of defense modeling and simulation and CGF(Computer Generated Force) using computer technology began to appear to improve this problem. The Naval Operations, Resources Analysis Model(NORAM) developed by the Republic of Korea Navy is also a DEVS(Discrete Event Simulation)-based naval virtual force analysis model. The current NORAM is a battle experiment conducted by an operator, and parameter values such as maneuver and armament operation for individual objects for each situation are evaluated. In spite of our research conducted evolutionary, supervised, reinforcement learning, in this paper, we introduce our design of a scenario creation model based on evolutionary learning using genetic algorithms. For verification, the NORAM is loaded with our model to analyze wartime engagements. Human-level tactical scenario creation capability is secured by automatically generating enemy tactical scenarios for human-designed Blue Army tactical scenarios.
The Heterogeneity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in DSM-5
Authors: Bryant Richard A. , Galatzer-Levy Isaac , Hadzi-Pavlovic Dusan
Published: December 2022

This diagnostic study reports patterns of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic presentations from multiple cohorts.
Cytochrome bd‐I from Escherichia coli is catalytically active in the absence of the CydH subunit
Authors: Goojani Hojjat Ghasemi , Besharati Samira , Chauhan Priyanka , Asseri Amer H. , Lill Holger , Bald Dirk
Published: December 2022

Cytochrome bd‐I from Escherichia coli is a terminal oxidase in the respiratory chain that plays an important role under stress conditions. Cytochrome bd‐I was thought to consist of the major subunits CydA and CydB plus the small CydX subunit. Recent high‐resolution structures of cytochrome bd‐I demonstrated the presence of an additional subunit, CydH/CydY (called CydH here), the function of which is unclear. In this report, we show that in the absence of CydH, cytochrome bd‐I is catalytically active, can sustain bacterial growth and displays haem spectra and susceptibility for haem‐binding inhibitors comparable to the wild‐type enzyme. Removal of CydH did not elicit catalase activity of cytochrome bd‐I in our experimental system. Taken together, in the absence of the CydH subunit cytochrome bd‐I retained key enzymatic properties.
An update on post‐transcriptional regulation of retrotransposons
Authors: Warkocki Zbigniew
Published: December 2022

Retrotransposons, including LINE‐1, Alu, SVA, and endogenous retroviruses, are one of the major constituents of human genomic repetitive sequences. Through the process of retrotransposition, some of them occasionally insert into new genomic locations by a copy–paste mechanism involving RNA intermediates. Irrespective of de novo genomic insertions, retrotransposon expression can lead to DNA double‐strand breaks and stimulate cellular innate immunity through endogenous patterns. As a result, retrotransposons are tightly regulated by multi‐layered regulatory processes to prevent the dangerous effects of their expression. In recent years, significant progress was made in revealing how retrotransposon biology intertwines with general post‐transcriptional RNA metabolism. Here, I summarize current knowledge on the involvement of post‐transcriptional factors in the biology of retrotransposons, focusing on LINE‐1. I emphasize general RNA metabolisms such as methylation of adenine (m6A), RNA 3′‐end polyadenylation and uridylation, RNA decay and translation regulation. I discuss the effects of retrotransposon RNP sequestration in cytoplasmic bodies and autophagy. Finally, I summarize how innate immunity restricts retrotransposons and how retrotransposons make use of cellular enzymes, including the DNA repair machinery, to complete their replication cycles.
Protein engineering of antifreeze proteins reveals that their activity scales with the area of the ice‐binding site
Authors: Scholl Connor L. , Davies Peter L.
Published: December 2022

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) protect organisms from freezing by binding to ice crystals to prevent their growth. Here, we have investigated how the area of an AFP's ice‐binding site (IBS) changes its antifreeze activity. The polyproline type II helical bundle fold of the 9.6‐kDa springtail (Collembola) AFP from Granisotoma rainieri (a primitive arthropod) facilitates changes to both IBS length and width. A one quarter decrease in area reduced activity to less than 10%. A one quarter increase in IBS width, through the addition of a single helix, tripled antifreeze activity. However, increasing IBS length by a similar amount actually reduced activity. Expanding the IBS area can greatly increase antifreeze activity but needs to be evaluated by experimentation on a case‐by‐case basis.
Predictors and Interrelationship of Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Weiner Julia K. , Smith Tristin , Hoy Claire K. , Sarosh Cyrus , Madison Jacqueline A. , Ambati Amala , Tambralli Ajay , Peters Noah , Packel Corinne , Gockman Kelsey , Zuo Yu , Briceño Emily M. , Nagaraja Vivek , Knight Jason S.
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study assessed patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in individuals with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) to better understand how living with aPL may affect their quality of life.

Methods

Patients completed Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (PF) and Cognitive Function (CF) Short Forms as well as the pain intensity (PI) rating (scale of 1‐10). Patients were characterized for demographics, clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), cardiovascular risk factors, laboratory test results, and medication usage. Multivariate modeling was done via linear regression.

Results

Of 139 patients, 89 had primary APS, 21 had secondary APS, and 29 had persistent aPL without meeting clinical criteria for APS. The average T scores (±SD) for PF and CF were 45.4 ± 9.2 and 48.6 ± 11.6, respectively; the average for PI was 3.0 ± 2.6. Approximately half of the patients (47%) endorsed at least mild impairment in PF (T score < 45). Mean PF, CF, and PI did not differ between diagnostic groups. Individuals who endorsed more impairment on one measure also tended to endorse more impairment on another (Pearson r = 0.43‐0.59). In the multivariate models, age, smoking, pain medications, and serotonergic medications were associated with impairment in at least one PRO domain. The Damage Index for APS was significantly correlated with both PF and CF.

Conclusion

Individuals living with APS endorsed more impairment in PF (and potentially CF) than expected for the general population. The relationship between certain medications and PROs warrants further study, as does the longitudinal trajectory of these and other PROs.
HHS issues NPRM on 42 CFR Part 2
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2022

It's not only the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) anymore that has jurisdiction over 42 CFR Part 2 — the confidentiality regulation protecting treatment information for substance use disorder (SUD) patients. It's the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) at the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), SAMHSA's parent agency, that is in charge.
First retail cannabis licenses in N.Y. reflect aim for diverse marketplace
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2022

At least on paper, the early actions of New York state regulators in establishing a recreational marijuana marketplace are checking multiple boxes in progressive policy: Counteracting the ills of the war on drugs, boosting people of color in obtaining dispensary licenses, even ensuring less environmentally noxious cultivation. What remains much less clear is whether the state's regulations governing adult use of cannabis will be strong enough to deter such harms as greater youth access, and to what degree wider availability of the drug will fuel intensified demand for treatment.
How 42 CFR Part 2 changes affect OTPs – methadone and PDMPs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2022

H. Westley Clark, M.D., J.D., is the former director of the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the federal agency that has proposed to amend 42 CFR Part 2, the regulation protecting the confidentiality of alcohol and drug abuse treatment patient records. In a massive notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) published in 2019, SAMHSA proposed to remove the ban against giving opioid treatment program (OTP) patient data — methadone being the key medication — to prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). That ban was instituted by Clark himself when, as CSAT director, he issued a “Dear Colleague Letter” to OTPs telling them they should not give patient medication data to the PDMP, but rather should check the PDMP to see what medications their patients are on. The rationale for the letter was the same as the rationale for opposition to SAMHSA's NPRM: Patients would not want to go to treatment if they knew their methadone information could be shared without their consent.
Vitamins as Active Agents for Highly Emissive and Stable Nanostructured Halide Perovskite Inks and 3D Composites Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Recalde Ileana , Gualdrón‐Reyes Andrés. F. , Echeverría‐Arrondo Carlos , Villanueva‐Antolí Alexis , Simancas Jorge , Rodriguez‐Pereira Jhonatan , Zanatta Marcileia , Mora‐Seró Iván , Sans Victor
Published: December 2022

The use of non‐toxic and low‐cost vitamins like α‐tocopherol (α‐TCP, vitamin E) to improve the photophysical properties and stability of perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), through post‐synthetic ligand surface passivation, is demonstrated for the first time. Especially interesting is its effect on CsPbI3 the most unstable inorganic PNC. Adding α‐TCP produces that the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of freshly prepared and aged PNCs achieves values of ≈98% and 100%, respectively. After storing 2 months under ambient air and 60% relative humidity, PLQY is maintained at 85% and 67%, respectively. α‐TCP restores the PL features of aged CsPbI3 PNCs, and mediates the radiative recombination channels by reducing surface defects. In addition, the combination of α‐TCP and PNCs facilitates the chemical formulation to prepare PNCs‐acrylic polymer composites processable by additive manufacturing. This enables the development of complex shaped parts with improved luminescent features and long‐term stability for 4 months, which is not possible for non‐modified PNCs. A PLQY ≈92% is reached in the 3D printed polymer/PNC composite, the highest value obtained for a red‐emitting composite solid until now as far as it is known. The passivation shell provided by α‐TCP makes that PNCs inks do not suffer any degradation process avoiding the contact with the environment and preserve their properties after reacting with polar monomers during composite polymerization.
Biomimetic Natural Biopolymer‐Based Wet‐Tissue Adhesive for Tough Adhesion, Seamless Sealed, Emergency/Nonpressing Hemostasis, and Promoted Wound Healing
Authors: Yang Wen , Kang Xinyi , Gao Xu , Zhuang Yan , Fan Caixai , Shen He , Chen Yanyan , Dai Jianwu
Published: December 2022

Bioadhesives have been used in clinics among the most prospective alternatives to sutures and staples for wound sealing and repairing; however, they generally have inadequate adhesion to wet surfaces, improper mechanical strength, poor hemostasis, and cytotoxicity. To address these challenges, a robust wet tissue adhesive based on collagen and starch materials (CoSt) is designed in this study. CoSt hydrogels integrate the feature of drainage, molecular penetration and strengthen cross‐linking similar to mussel, ivy, and oyster glues, which remove interfacial water quickly, reinforce tough dissipation and involve multiple reversible dynamic interactions. Therefore, they form strong adhesion and sutureless sealing of injured tissues, accompanying actuate robust biointerfaces in direct contact with tissue liquids or blood, resolving the crucial impediments with sutures and commercially accessible adhesives. The novel bioadhesive shows repeatable strong wet tissue adhesiveness (62 ± 4.8 KPa), high sealing performance (153.2 ± 35.1 mmHg), fast self‐healing ability, excellent injectability, and shape adaptability. For different hemostatic needs in rat models of tail amputation, skin incision, severe liver, abdominal aorta, and transected nerve injuries, the CoSt hydrogel shows better hemostatic efficiency than fibrin glue because of the coordinate efficacy of tough wound sealing property, outstanding red blood cell arresting capability, and the activation of hemostatic barrier membrane. Moreover, in vivo investigation of the skin injury repair of the rat model validate that CoSt hydrogels accelerate wound healing and functional recovery via skin damage/defects. Tough wet adhesion, quick hemostasis, distinguished biocompatibility, suitability to match irregular‐shaped target sites, and good wound healing promotion of the CoSt hydrogel makes it a prospective bioadhesive for various biomedical applications.
Ni‐Alginate Hydrogel Microspheres with Sustained Interleukin 2 Release to Boost Cytokine‐Based Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xiong Zijian , Sun Lele , Yang He , Xiao Zhisheng , Deng Zheng , Li Quguang , Wang Chenya , Shen Fengyun , Liu Zhuang
Published: December 2022

Interleukin 2 (IL2) is the first approved immunotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment. However, high‐dose IL2 administrated through intratumoral injection still spreads all over the body, causing serious systemic toxicity. Herein, an injectable nickel‐alginate hydrogel microsphere (Ni‐ALGMS) to allow effective loading of IL2 and its sustained release after intratumoral administration is reported. In this design, histidine (his)‐tagged IL2 is assembled into the Ni‐ALGMS via the coordination bonds between his‐tag and Ni2+. After injecting IL2‐loaded Ni‐ALGMSs (IL2@Ni‐ALGMSs) into the tumor, IL2 slowly releases over long periods, thereby avoiding the risk of cytokine storm happening in IL2 systemic administration. Applying such IL2@Ni‐ALGMSs for tumor model treatment can significantly increase the tumor infiltration of T lymphocytes, and effectively inhibit tumor growth, especially in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study presents a novel IL2 sustained‐releasing platform for tumor immunotherapy, which can also be conveniently applied in other cytokines‐based immunotherapies.
A Versatile Nanoplatform Based on Metal‐Phenolic Networks Inhibiting Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Combined Starvation/Chemodynamic/Immunotherapy
Authors: Fu Zhaoming , Zhang Yufei , Chen Xiaolu , Wang Nan , Ma Rongying , Luo Xingyu , Pan Xin , Yang Yong , Xue Wei
Published: December 2022

Although much progress has been made by multifunctional nanoplatforms in the treatment of cancer, several defects of existing nanoplatforms, such as tedious preparation, poor biocompatibility, and failure to activate the immune system, have limited their clinical applications. Herein, a versatile nanosystem of folic acid‐modified metal‐phenolic networks (MPNs) loaded with GOx and CHA (F‐MGC) is fabricated by the easy self‐assembly of MPNs, during which glucose oxidase (GOx) and chlorogenic acid (CHA) are concurrently loaded. The resulting nanosystem, having a folic acid‐modified surface and inherent acid sensitivity, shows versatility in being able to target tumors and release active ingredients in the weakly acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). Based on the catalysis of GOx and Fe3+, the cascade reaction aroused by F‐MGC efficiently consumes glucose in the TME and produces abundant cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals, thereby causing the starving and chemodynamic death of cancer cells. In addition, CHA can reshape M2 tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) into the M1 type, so as to change the immunosuppressive state of TME. The immunogenic cell death (ICD) that occurs from the starvation and chemodynamic therapy, in conjunction with the CHA‐induced TAMs polarization, further activates the immune system. Overall, the easily prepared nanoplatform has excellent biocompatibility and effectively inhibits tumor growth and metastasis.
A 3D Perfusable Platform for In Vitro Culture of Patient Derived Xenografts
Authors: Sablatura Lindsey K. , Bircsak Kristin M. , Shepherd Peter , Bathina Madhavi , Queiroz Karla , Farach‐Carson Mary C. , Kittles Rick A. , Constantinou Pamela E. , Saleh Anthony , Navone Nora M. , Harrington Daniel A.
Published: December 2022

Many advanced cancer models, such as patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs), offer significant benefits in their preservation of the native tumor's heterogeneity and susceptibility to treatments, but face significant barriers to use in their reliance on a rodent host for propagation and screening. PDXs remain difficult to implement in vitro, particularly in configurations that enable both detailed cellular analysis and high‐throughput screening (HTS). Complex multilineage co‐cultures with stromal fibroblasts, endothelium, and other cellular and structural components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) further complicate ex vivo implementation. Herein, the culture of multiple prostate cancer (PCa)‐derived PDX models as 3D clusters within engineered biomimetic hydrogel matrices, in a HTS‐compatible multiwell microfluidic format, alongside bone marrow‐derived stromal cells and a perfused endothelial channel. Polymeric hydrogel matrices are customized for each cell type, enabling cell survival in vitro and facile imaging across all conditions. PCa PDXs demonstrate unique morphologies and reliance on TME partners, retention of known phenotype, and expected sensitivity or resistance to standard PCa therapeutics. This novel integration of technologies provides a fully human model, and expands the information to be gathered from each specimen, while avoiding the time and labor involved with animal‐based testing.
Curvature in Biological Systems: Its Quantification, Emergence, and Implications across the Scales
Authors: Schamberger Barbara , Ziege Ricardo , Anselme Karine , Ben Amar Martine , Bykowski Michał , Castro André P. G. , Cipitria Amaia , Coles Rhoslyn A. , Dimova Rumiana , Eder Michaela , Ehrig Sebastian , Escudero Luis M. , Evans Myfanwy E. , Fernandes Paulo R. , Fratzl Peter , Geris Liesbet , Gierlinger Notburga , Hannezo Edouard , Iglič Aleš , Kirkensgaard Jacob J. K. , Kollmannsberger Philip , Kowalewska Łucja , Kurniawan Nicholas A. , Papantoniou Ioannis , Pieuchot Laurent , Pires Tiago H. V. , Renner Lars D. , Sageman‐Furnas Andrew O. , Schröder‐Turk Gerd E. , Sengupta Anupam , Sharma Vikas R. , Tagua Antonio , Tomba Caterina , Trepat Xavier , Waters Sarah L. , Yeo Edwina F. , Roschger Andreas , Bidan Cécile M. , Dunlop John W. C.
Published: December 2022

Surface curvature both emerges from, and influences the behavior of, living objects at length scales ranging from cell membranes to single cells to tissues and organs. The relevance of surface curvature in biology is supported by numerous experimental and theoretical investigations in recent years. In this review, first, a brief introduction to the key ideas of surface curvature in the context of biological systems is given and the challenges that arise when measuring surface curvature are discussed. Giving an overview of the emergence of curvature in biological systems, its significance at different length scales becomes apparent. On the other hand, summarizing current findings also shows that both single cells and entire cell sheets, tissues or organisms respond to curvature by modulating their shape and their migration behavior. Finally, the interplay between the distribution of morphogens or micro‐organisms and the emergence of curvature across length scales is addressed with examples demonstrating these key mechanistic principles of morphogenesis. Overall, this review highlights that curved interfaces are not merely a passive by‐product of the chemical, biological, and mechanical processes but that curvature acts also as a signal that co‐determines these processes.
Flash Recycling of Graphite Anodes
Authors: Chen Weiyin , Salvatierra Rodrigo V. , Li John Tianci , Kittrell Carter , Beckham Jacob L. , Wyss Kevin M. , La Nghi , Savas Paul E. , Ge Chang , Advincula Paul A. , Scotland Phelecia , Eddy Lucas , Deng Bing , Yuan Zhe , Tour James M.
Published: December 2022

The ever‐increasing production of commercial lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) will result in a staggering accumulation of waste when they reach their end of life. A closed‐loop solution, with effective recycling of spent LIBs, will lessen both the environmental impacts and economic cost of their use. Presently, <5% of spent LIBs are recycled and the regeneration of graphite anodes has, unfortunately, been mostly overlooked despite the considerable cost of battery‐grade graphite. Here, an ultrafast flash recycling method to regenerate the graphite anode is developed and valuable battery metal resources are recovered. Selective Joule heating is applied for only seconds to efficiently decompose the resistive impurities. The generated inorganic salts, including lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese, can be easily recollected from the flashed anode waste using diluted acid, specifically 0.1 m HCl. The flash‐recycled anode preserves the graphite structure and is coated with a solid‐electrolyte‐interphase‐derived carbon shell, contributing to high initial specific capacity, superior rate performance, and cycling stability, when compared to anode materials recycled using a high‐temperature‐calcination method. Life‐cycle‐analysis relative to current graphite production and recycling methods indicate that flash recycling can significantly reduce the total energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission while turning anode recycling into an economically advantageous process.
Tuning Surface Acidity of Mixed Conducting Electrodes: Recovery of Si‐Induced Degradation of Oxygen Exchange Rate and Area Specific Resistance
Authors: Seo Han Gil , Staerz Anna , Kim Dennis S. , LeBeau James M. , Tuller Harry L.
Published: December 2022

Metal oxides are an important class of functional materials, and for many applications, ranging from solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells, oxygen permeation membranes, and oxygen storage materials to gas sensors (semiconducting and electrolytic) and catalysts, the interaction between the surface and oxygen in the gas phase is central. Ubiquitous Si‐impurities are known to impede this interaction, commonly attributed to the formation of glassy blocking layers on the surface. Here, the surface oxygen exchange coefficient (kchem) is examined for Pr0.1Ce0.9O2‐δ (PCO), a model mixed ionic electronic conductor, via electrical conductivity relaxation measurements, and the area‐specific resistance (ASR) by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that even low silica levels, introduced by infiltration, depress kchem by a factor 4000, while the ASR increases 40‐fold and we attribute this to its acidity relative to that of PCO. The ability to fully regenerate the poisoned surface by the subsequent addition of basic Ca‐ or Li‐species is further shown. This ability to not only recover Si‐poisoned surfaces by tuning the relative surface acidity of an oxide surface, but subsequently outperform the pre‐poisoned response, promises to extend the operating life of materials and devices for which the catalytic oxygen/solid interface reaction is central.
Transition Metal Ion Doping on ZIF‐8 Enhances the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Cho Jin Hyuk , Lee Chaehyeon , Hong Sung Hyun , Jang Ho Yeon , Back Seoin , Seo Myung‐gi , Lee Minzae , Min Hyung‐Ki , Choi Youngheon , Jang Youn Jeong , Ahn Sang Hyun , Jang Ho Won , Kim Soo Young
Published: December 2022

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to diverse value‐added chemicals is a unique, environmentally friendly approach for curbing greenhouse gas emissions while addressing sluggish catalytic activity and low Faradaic efficiency (FE) of electrocatalysts. Here, zeolite‐imidazolate‐frameworks‐8 (ZIF‐8) containing various transition metal ions—Ni, Fe, and Cu—at varying concentrations upon doping are fabricated for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to carbon monoxide (CO) without further processing. Atom coordination environments and theoretical electrocatalytic performance are scrutinized via X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Upon optimized Cu doping on ZIF‐8, Cu0.5Zn0.5/ZIF‐8 achieves a high partial current density of 11.57 mA cm–2 and maximum FE for CO of 88.5% at –1.0 V (versus RHE) with a stable catalytic activity over 6 h. Furthermore, the electron‐rich sp2 C atom facilitates COOH* promotion after Cu doping of ZIF‐8, leading to a local effect between the zinc–nitrogen (Zn–N4) and copper–nitrogen (Cu–N4) moieties. Additionally, the advanced CO2RR pathway is illustrated from various perspectives, including the pre‐H‐covered state under the CO2RR. The findings expand the pool of efficient metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based CO2RR catalysts, deeming them viable alternatives to conventional catalysts.
Ferroelectric Domain Control of Nonlinear Light Polarization in MoS2 via PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 Thin Films and Free‐Standing Membranes
Authors: Li Dawei , Huang Xi , Wu Qiuchen , Zhang Le , Lu Yongfeng , Hong Xia
Published: December 2022

Two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as MoS2 exhibit exceptionally strong nonlinear optical responses, while nanoscale control of the amplitude, polar orientation, and phase of the nonlinear light in TMDCs remains challenging. In this work, by interfacing monolayer MoS2 with epitaxial PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT) thin films and free‐standing PZT membranes, the amplitude and polarization of the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal are modulated via ferroelectric domain patterning, which demonstrates that PZT membranes can lead to in‐operando programming of nonlinear light polarization. The interfacial coupling of the MoS2 polar axis with either the out‐of‐plane polar domains of PZT or the in‐plane polarization of domain walls tailors the SHG light polarization into different patterns with distinct symmetries, which are modeled via nonlinear electromagnetic theory. This study provides a new material platform that enables reconfigurable design of light polarization at the nanoscale, paving the path for developing novel optical information processing, smart light modulators, and integrated photonic circuits.
Highly Sensitive and Cost‐Effective Polymeric‐Sulfur‐Based Mid‐Wavelength Infrared Linear Polarizers with Tailored Fabry–Pérot Resonance
Authors: Cho Woongbi , Hwang Jehwan , Lee Sang Yeon , Park Jaeseo , Han Nara , Lee Chi Hwan , Kang Sang‐Woo , Urbas Augustine , Kim Jun Oh , Ku Zahyun , Wie Jeong Jae
Published: December 2022

Inverse‐vulcanized polymeric sulfur has received considerable attention for application in waste‐based infrared (IR) polarizers with high polarization sensitivities, owing to its high transmittance in the IR region and thermal processability. However, there have been few reports on highly sensitive polymeric sulfur‐based polarizers by replication of pre‐simulated dimensions to achieve a high transmission of the transverse magnetic field (TTM) and extinction ratio (ER). Herein, a 400‐nanometer‐pitch mid‐wavelength infrared bilayer linear polarizer with self‐aligned metal gratings is introduced on polymeric sulfur gratings integrated with a spacer layer (SM‐polarizer). The dimensions of the SM‐polarizer can be closely replicated using pre‐simulated dimensions via a systematic investigation of thermal nanoimprinting conditions. Spacer thickness is tailored from 40 to 5100 nm by adjusting the concentration of polymeric sulfur solution during spin‐coating. A tailored spacer thickness can maximize TTM in the broadband MWIR region by satisfying Fabry–Pérot resonance. The SM‐polarizer yields TTM of 0.65, 0.59, and 0.43 and ER of 3.12 × 103, 5.19 × 103, and 5.81 × 103 at 4 µm for spacer thicknesses of 90, 338, and 572 nm, respectively. This demonstration of a highly sensitive and cost‐effective SM‐polarizer opens up exciting avenues for infrared polarimetric imaging and for applications in polarization manipulation.
Tube‐Sponge‐Inspired Hierarchical Electrocatalysts with Boosted Mass and Electron Transfer for Efficient Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhou Yaya , Jin Ningxuan , Ma Yibing , Cui Yushuang , Wang Lina , Kwon Yongwoo , Lee Won‐Kyu , Zhang Wei , Ge Haixiong , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2022

Hindered gas bubble release and limited electron conducting process represent the major bottlenecks for large‐scale electrochemical water splitting. Both the desorption of bubbles and continuous electron transport are achievable on the surfaces of biomimetic catalytic materials by designing multiscale structural hierarchy. Inspired by the tubular structures of the deep‐sea sponges, an exceptionally active and binder‐free porous nickel tube arrays (PNTA) decorated with NiFe‐Zn2+‐pore nanosheets (NiFe‐PZn) are fabricated. The PNTA facilitate removal of bubbles and electron transfer in the oxygen evolution reaction by reproducing trunks of the sponges, and simultaneously, the NiFe‐PZn increase the number of catalytic active sites by simulating the sponge epidermis. With improved external mass transfer and interior electron transfer, the hierarchical NiFe‐PZn@PNTA electrode exhibits superior oxygen evolution reaction performance with an overpotential of 172 mV at 10 mA cm−2 (with a Tafel slope of 50 mV dec−1). Furthermore, this electrocatalytic system recorded excellent reaction stability over 360 h with a constant current density of 100 mA cm−2 at the potential of 1.52 V (versus RHE). This work provides a new strategy of designing hierarchical electrocatalysts for highly efficient water splitting.
Z‐Scheme Strategy in Polymeric Graphitic C3N5/CdS Core–Shell Heterojunction Drives Long‐Lived Carriers Separation for Robust Visible‐Light Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wang Xin , Wu Kaili , Cao Wei , Rui Kun , Wang Wenchao , Zhu Ruixue , Zhu Jixin , Yan Zhiping
Published: December 2022

The intrinsic charge carriers’ recombination and excited states decay greatly suppress the active species survival and photo(electro)catalytic performance. Inspired by Z‐scheme strategy, the polymeric nitrogen‐rich carbon nitride/cadmium sulfide (g‐C3N5/CdS) core–shell heterojunction is constructed to optimize photocatalytic performance. The optimal hydrogen production rate of g‐C3N5/CdS heterojunction catalyst under visible light without adding extra cocatalyst is up to 7860 µmol h−1 g−1, which is 3 and 71 times higher than that of pure CdS and g‐C3N5 photocatalysts, respectively. The femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy is employed to observe the kinetic decay of carriers in the heterojunction, revealing the ultrafast charge trapping process (τ1 = 52.3 ps) and long‐lived excited states (τ3 = 1109.2 ps) in g‐C3N5/CdS photocatalyst. Meanwhile, density functional theory calculation results comprehensively suggest the promoted charge separation in heterojunction. Cost‐effective Z‐scheme g‐C3N5/CdS photocatalyst in this work shows a great potential for sustainable and high‐efficiency solar‐to‐H2 conversion.
The Growth of Metal–Organic Framework Films on Calcium Fluoride and Their Interaction With Reactive Molecules
Authors: Mandemaker Laurens D. B. , Jabbour Christia , Nikolopoulos Nikolaos , Dorresteijn Joren M. , Rivera‐Torrente Miguel , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: December 2022

Spectroscopy on metal–organic framework (MOF) films and the molecular phenomena associated to them is mostly limited to grazing incidence methods. To allow for transmission‐based characterization and highlight the applicability of MOFs on transparent substrates, UiO‐67, UU‐1, and ZIF‐8 MOFs are synthesized on CaF2 windows. It is revealed that the growth of the UiO‐67 MOF follows a Volmer–Weber mechanism using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This growth is assisted by growing seeds in solution, which anchor on the film and become part of the intergrown film itself. UU‐1, a copper‐based MOF, is formed after spin coating the Cu‐BTC precursors, showing its characteristic fiber‐like morphology and resulting inter‐fiber macroporosity. ZIF‐8 is formed using a “flash”‐synthesis, and it is shown that this approach resembles a Volmer–Weber growth mode as well. Last, CO probe molecule adsorption FT‐IR spectroscopy is utilized to study the effect of methanol exposure. UiO‐67 becomes inaccessible toward CO, due to the formation of methoxy species, whereas UU‐1 undergoes a topotactic transformation to HKUST‐1. ZIF‐8 is the most stable as methanol only removes impurities from the framework. This approach opens the venue for other film materials to be studied in situ synthesis, sorption, or catalysis using transmission‐based spectroscopy.
Controlling the Surface Modification by CF4 Plasma Treatment for Inkjet Printed Color Conversion Layer With InP‐Based QDs Ink
Authors: Lee Sang Youn , Sakong Chun , Choi Sung‐Hwan , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Cho Kwan Hyun
Published: December 2022

Controlling of thickness profile in micro‐scale pixels via an inkjet printing process remains a challenge and strict control of surface energy is required. Herein, the surface energy of each substrate is controlled by using CF4 plasma treatment (CPT) to control thickness profile and improve color conversion efficiency (CCE) of the inkjet printed quantum dots (QDs) color conversion layer (CCL). The bank surface becomes hydrophobic due to the fluorination, while the glass becomes hydrophilic due to the cleaning effect by the CPT. Through a systemic investigation of the polar and non‐polar components of the surface energy, it is found that the ink behavior of inkjet‐printed QDs in the pixels is closely related to the non‐polar component of the surface energy. In addition, it is found that more rigorous control of the surface is required for array printing and a wide range of thickness profile control is possible by CPT. The thickness increases by up to 10 µm, the blue leakage is reduced by 26.38%, and the CCE increases by a maximum of 5.71% depending on the CPT. As a result, the relationship between the thickness profile of the CCL and CCE is confirmed through the fabrication of QD‐organic light emitting diodes.