bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF ACTIVE SCREEN PLASMA NITRIDING TREATMENT ON STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE FINEMET-TYPE ALLOY
Authors: MEMARZADEH LOTFABAD E. , MADAAH HOSSEINI H. R.
Published: March 2012

The Active Screen Plasma Nitriding (ASPN) treatment of Fe 73.5 Si 13.5 B 9 Nb 3 Cu 1 alloy was investigated for 3 h at 480 °C and 560 °C in various N 2- H 2 gas mixtures at 5 mbar atmosphere. The amorphous ribbons were then annealed under vacuum at the same time and temperatures. The samples were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Microhardness measurements and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). It was observed that the ASPN treatment leads to finer grain size and higher crystalline volume fraction and modifies the structural features of Fe ( Si ) phase. The Fe ( Si ) lattice parameter for the nitrided samples was higher than that for the annealed samples due to the diffusion of nitrogen into the Fe ( Si ) phase and the formation of Si - N precipitates. In ASPN treatment, the lowest magnitude of coercivity and the maximum saturated magnetization were obtained at 480 °C and 560 °C, respectively, in 75% H 2-25% N 2 gas mixture. ASPN treatment increased the microhardness of the samples.
EVALUATION OF ELECTROLESS NI-P AND NI-P NANO-COMPOSITE COATINGS' PROPERTIES
Authors: Allahkaram S.R. , Zarebidaki A. , Rabizadeh T.
Published: March 2012

SiC and SiO 2 nano-particles were co-deposited with electroless NiP coating onto API-5L-X65 steel substrates with 7g/L load of nano-particles in the bath at pH 4.6 ± 0.2 and temperature of 90 ± 2°C. The hardness and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings were measured using micro-hardness, polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques, respectively. Moreover, the structure of the composite coatings was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, while their morphologies and elemental compositions were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Results showed that co-deposited nano-particles caused an increase in the hardness of the composite coatings. Corrosion tests showed that addition of nano- SiO 2 particles improved corrosion resistance of electroless Ni - P coatings in salty atmosphere but addition of nano- SiC particles decreased, due to the agglomeration of SiC nano-particles together with an increase in the porosity of the composite coatings.
Nonsynonymous variants in mt-Nd2, mt-Nd4, and mt-Nd5 are linked to effects on oxidative phosphorylation and insulin sensitivity in rat conplastic strains
Authors: Houštěk Josef , Hejzlarová Kateřina , Vrbacký Marek , Drahota Zdeněk , Landa Vladimír , Zídek Václav , Mlejnek Petr , Šimáková Miroslava , Šilhavý Jan , Mikšík Ivan , Kazdová Ludmila , Oliyarnyk Olena , Kurtz Theodore , Pravenec Michal
Published: March 2012

Common inbred strains of the laboratory rat can be divided into four different mitochondrial DNA haplotype groups represented by the SHR, BN, LEW, and F344 strains. In the current study, we investigated the metabolic and hemodynamic effects of the SHR vs. LEW mitochondrial genomes by comparing the SHR to a new SHR conplastic strain, SHR-mtLEW; these strains are genetically identical except for their mitochondrial genomes. Complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence analysis comparing the SHR and LEW strains revealed gene variants encoding amino acid substitutions limited to a single mitochondrial enzyme complex, NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), affecting subunits 2, 4, and 5. Two of the variants in the mt-Nd4 subunit gene are located close to variants known to be associated with exercise intolerance and diabetes mellitus in humans. No variants were found in tRNA or rRNA genes. These variants in mt-Nd2, mt-Nd4, and mt-Nd5 in the SHR-mtLEW conplastic strain were linked to reductions in oxidative and nonoxidative glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. In addition, SHR-mtLEW conplastic rats showed increased serum nonesterified fatty acid levels and resistance to insulin stimulated incorporation of glucose into adipose tissue lipids. These results provide evidence that inherited variation in mitochondrial genes encoding respiratory chain complex I subunits, in the absence of variation in the nuclear genome and other confounding factors, can influence glucose and lipid metabolism when expressed on the nuclear genetic background of the SHR strain.
A Predictive Spatial Model to Quantify the Risk of Air-Travel-Associated Dengue Importation into the United States and Europe
Authors: Gardner Lauren M. , Fajardo David , Waller S. Travis , Wang Ophelia , Sarkar Sahotra
Published: March 2012

The number of travel-acquired dengue infections has been on a constant rise in the United States and Europe over the past decade. An increased volume of international passenger air traffic originating from regions with endemic dengue contributes to the increasing number of dengue cases. This paper reports results from a network-based regression model which uses international passenger travel volumes, travel distances, predictive species distribution models (for the vector species), and infection data to quantify the relative risk of importing travel-acquired dengue infections into the US and Europe from dengue-endemic regions. Given the necessary data, this model can be used to identify optimal locations (origin cities, destination airports, etc.) for dengue surveillance. The model can be extended to other geographical regions and vector-borne diseases, as well as other network-based processes.
On the Positive Almost Periodic Solutions of a Class of Nonlinear Lotka‐Volterra Type System with Feedback Control
Authors: Hua Ni , Li-Xin Tian , Hong-Xing Yao
Published: March 2012

With the help of the variable substitution and applying the fixed point theorem, we derive the sufficient conditions which guarantee the existence of the positive almost periodic solutions for a class of Lotka‐Volterra type system. The main results improve and generalize the former corresponding results.
Feature Point Extraction from the Local Frequency Map of an Image
Authors: Khan Jesmin , Bhuiyan Sharif , Adhami Reza
Published: March 2012

We propose a novel technique for detecting rotation‐ and scale‐invariant interest points from the local frequency representation of an image. Local or instantaneous frequency is the spatial derivative of the local phase, where the local phase of any signal can be found from its Hilbert transform. Local frequency estimation can detect edge, ridge, corner, and texture information at the same time, and it shows high values at those dominant features of an image. For each pixel, we select an appropriate width of the window for computing the derivative of the phase. In order to select the width of the window for any given pixel, we make use of the measure of the extent to which the phases, in the neighborhood of that pixel, are in the same direction. The local frequency map, thus obtained, is then thresholded by employing a global thresholding approach to detect the interest or feature points. Repeatability rate, a performance evaluation criterion for an interest point detector, is used to check the geometric stability of the proposed method under different transformations. We present simulation results of the detection of feature points from image utilizing the suggested technique and compare the proposed method with five existing approaches that yield good results. The results prove the efficacy of the proposed feature point detection algorithm. Moreover, in terms of repeatability rate; the results show that the performance of the proposed method with respect to different aspect is compatible with the existing methods.
Wireless Communication Networks for Gas Turbine Engine Testing
Authors: Dai Xuewu , Sasloglou Konstantinos , Atkinson Robert , Strong John , Panella Isabella , Yun Cai Lim , Mingding Han , Chee Wei Ang , Glover Ian , Mitchell John E. , Schiffers Werner , Dutta Partha S.
Published: March 2012

A new trend in the field of Aeronautical Engine Health Monitoring is the implementation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for data acquisition and condition monitoring to partially replace heavy and complex wiring harnesses, which limit the versatility of the monitoring process as well as creating practical deployment issues. Augmenting wired with wireless technologies will fuel opportunities for reduced cabling, faster sensor and network deployment, increased data acquisition flexibility, and reduced cable maintenance costs. However, embedding wireless technology into an aero engine (even in the ground testing application considered here) presents some very significant challenges, for example, a harsh environment with a complex RF transmission channel, high sensor density, and high data rate. In this paper we discuss the results of the Wireless Data Acquisition in Gas Turbine Engine Testing (WIDAGATE) project, which aimed to design and simulate such a network to estimate network performance and derisk the wireless techniques before the deployment.
Electric Characterization and Modeling of Microfluidic-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Sacco Adriano , Lamberti Andrea , Quaglio Marzia , Bianco Stefano , Tresso Elena , Alexe-Ionescu Anca-Luiza , Pirri Candido F.
Published: March 2012

The electric response to an external periodic voltage of small amplitude of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) made up with an alternative architecture has been investigated. DSCs have been fabricated with a reversible sealing structure, based on microfluidic concepts, with a precise control on the geometric parameters of the active chamber. Cells with different electrolyte thicknesses have been characterized, without varying the thickness of the TiO2layer, both under illumination and in dark conditions. Measurements of the electric impedance have been performed in the presence of an external bias ranging from 0 V to 0.8 V. The experimental data have been analyzed in terms of a transmission line model, with two transport channels. The results show that the photovoltaic performances of the microfluidic cell are comparable with those obtained in irreversibly sealed structures, actually demonstrating the reliability of the proposed device.
Spin-Controlled Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
Authors: Gerhardt Nils C. , Hofmann Martin R.
Published: March 2012

We discuss the concept of spin-controlled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and analyze it with respect to potential room-temperature applications in spin-optoelectronic devices. Spin-optoelectronics is based on the optical selection rules as they provide a direct connection between the spin polarization of the recombining carriers and the circular polarization of the emitted photons. By means of optical excitation and numerical simulations we show that spin-controlled VCSELs promise to have superior properties to conventional devices such as threshold reduction, spin control of the emission, or even much faster dynamics. Possible concepts for room-temperature electrical spin injection without large external magnetic fields are summarized, and the progress on the field of purely electrically pumped spin-VCSELs is reviewed.
Posaconazole-Vincristine Coadministration Triggers Seizure in a Young Female Adult: A Case Report
Authors: Hamdy Dalia A. , El-Geed Hager , El-Salem Samah , Zaidan Manal
Published: March 2012

Coadministration of azoles and vincristine has been shown to increase vincristine neurotoxic effects due to the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform 3A4, for which vincristine is a substrate. Despite the absence of any casual relationship between seizure and coadministration of azoles, few case reports of vincristine-induced seizure have been documented after coadministration of fluconazole or posaconazole in children. In this paper we are reporting the first young female adult who experienced generalized seizure after coadministration of posaconazole and vincristine. The 19-year-old female was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. She started induction phase of Berlin Frankfurt Muenster protocol along with posaconazole 200 mg three times daily as prophylactic antifungal therapy. Five days after the third vincristine dose, she developed generalized seizure accompanied by high blood pressure and SIADH. Her neurological exam/CT scan did not show any abnormality. In conclusion, this study reports a novel finding in the sense that all previous case reports pertaining to posaconazole-vincristine-induced seizure in literature involved children. Physicians should be made aware of this rare possible outcome to closely monitor their patients and take appropriate measures to prevent such possible adverse effect.
Tangential Biopsy Thickness versus Lesion Depth in Longitudinal Melanonychia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Di Chiacchio Nilton , Loureiro Walter Refkalefsky , Michalany Nilceo Schwery , Kezam Gabriel Felipe Veiga
Published: March 2012

Longitudinal melanonychia can be caused by melanocyte activation (hypermelanosis) or proliferation (lentigo, nevus or melanoma). Histopathologic examination is mandatory for suspicious cases of melanomas. Tangential biopsy of the matrix is an elegant technique avoiding nail plate dystrophy, but it was unknown whether the depth of the sample obtained by this method is adequate for histopathologic diagnosis. Twenty-two patients with longitudinal melanonychia striata were submitted to tangential matrix biopsies described by Haneke. The tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin and the specimens were measured at 3 distinct points according to the total thickness: largest (A), intermediate (B) and narrowest (C) then divided into 4 groups according to the histopathologic diagnosis (G1: hypermelanosis; G2: lentigos; G3: nevus; G4: melanoma). The lesions were measured using the same method. The mean specimen/lesion thickness measure values for each group was: G1: 0,59/0,10 mm, G2: 0,67/0,08 mm, G3: 0,52/0,05 mm, G4: 0,58/0,10 mm. The general average thickness for all the specimens/lesions was 0,59/0,08 mm. We concluded that the tangential excision, for longitudinal melanonychia, provides an adequate material for histopathological diagnosis.
Group Decision Making Process for Supplier Selection with TOPSIS Method under Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Izadikhah Mohammad
Published: March 2012

Supplier selection is a fundamental issue of supply chain area that heavily contributes to the overall supply chain performance, and, also, it is a hard problem since supplier selection is typically a multicriteria group decision problem. In many practical situations, there usually exists incomplete and uncertain, and the decision makers cannot easily express their judgments on the candidates with exact and crisp values. Therefore, in this paper an extended technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method for group decision making with Atanassov's interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers is proposed to solve the supplier selection problem under incomplete and uncertain information environment. In other researches in this area, the weights of each decision maker and in many of them the weights of criteria are predetermined, but these weights have been calculated in this paper by using the decision matrix of each decision maker. Also, the normalized Hamming distance is proposed to calculate the distance between Atanassov's interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. Finally, a numerical example for supplier selection is given to clarify the main results developed in this paper.
Control of Carbides and Graphite in Cast Irons Type Alloy’s Microstructures for Hot Strip Mills
Authors: Villanueva Bravo Sergio , Yamamoto Kaoru , Miyahara Hirofumi , Ogi Keisaku
Published: March 2012

The carbide and graphite formation and redistribution of alloy elements during solidification were investigated on high-speed steel (HS) and Ni-hard type cast irons with Nb and V. The crystallization of hypereutectic HSS proceeds in the order of primary MC, γ + MC, γ + M6C, γ + M7C3, and γ +  graphite eutectic, in hypoeutectic alloys proceeds in the order of primary γ, γ + MC, γ + graphite, γ + M6C, and γ + M7C3 eutectic, and in Ni-hard proceeds in the order of primary γ, γ + MC, γ + M3C, and γ +  graphite eutectic. The γ +  graphite eutectic solidifies with the decrease of V, Nb, and Cr and the increase of Si and C contents in residual liquid during solidification. The behavior in graphite forming tendency in the residual liquid is estimated by the parameter ∑CLimi′. The eutectic graphite crystallizes at the solid fraction when ∑CLimi′ takes a minimum value. The amount of graphite increases with the decrease in ∑CLimi′ of initial alloy content in both specimens. Inoculation with ferrosilicon effectively increases the graphite content in both specimens.
DI-GEP: A New Lifetime Extending Algorithm for Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Dai Shucheng , Li Chuan , Chen Chun
Published: March 2012

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in detecting, locating, and tracking moving objects. The cheap, low-powered, and energy-limited sensors that are set up in large areas may consume large portion of energy and disable the whole network. In this paper, a new energy-efficient method based on Distributed Incremental Gene Expression Programming (DI-GEP) is proposed to collaboratively mine moving patterns of moving targets in order to turn on/off some sensor nodes at certain time to save energy further. Meanwhile, an adjustable sliding window is designed to quickly train the latest collected location data in order to improve the efficiency of DI-GEP. The simulation results show that the proposed method effectively prolongs the network lifetime by around 25% compared with the EKF and ECPA.
Improved Diabetes Control and Pancreatic Function in a Type 2 Diabetic after Omeprazole Administration
Authors: Mefford I. N. , Mefford J. T. , Burris C. A.
Published: March 2012

A 43-year-old man with type 2 diabetes, opposed to insulin use and poorly responsive to oral agents added sequentially over 6 years, was placed on 40 mg omeprazole twice daily. A linear decline in daily fasting blood glucose was observed over the first two-month treatment, and his hemoglobin A1c was reduced from 11.9% to 8.2%, then sustained at 8.1% after four months. Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide response to a 2-hour glucose tolerance test were consistently improved across this time period, and calculated beta-cell mass increased by 67%. We believe these responses are consistent with activation or neogenesis of pancreatic beta cells, possibly through a gastrin-mediated mechanism.
Advances in Endoscopic Visualization of Barrett’s Esophagus: The Role of Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy
Authors: Bertani Helga , Pigò Flavia , Dabizzi Emanuele , Frazzoni Marzio , Mirante Vincenzo Giorgio , Manno Mauro , Manta Raffaele , Conigliaro Rita
Published: March 2012

Many endoscopic imaging modalities have been developed and introduced into clinical practice to enhance the diagnostic capabilities of upper endoscopy. In the past, detection of dysplasia and carcinoma of esophagus had been dependent on biopsies taken during standard white-light endoscopy (WLE). Recently high-resolution (HR) endoscopy enables us to visualize esophageal mucosa but resolution for glandular structures and cells is still low. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is a new promising diagnostic technique by which details of glandular and vascular structures of mucosal layer can be observed. However, the clinical utility of this new diagnostic tool has not yet been fully explored in a clinical setting. In this paper we will highlight this new technique for detection of esophageal dysplasia and carcinoma from a clinical practice perspective.
Temperature Dependence of Electrical Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube Field‐Effect Transistors: A Quantum Simulation Study
Authors: Naderi Ali , Noorbakhsh S. Mohammad , Elahipanah Hossein
Published: March 2012

By developing a two‐dimensional (2D) full quantum simulation, the attributes of carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors (CNTFETs) in different temperatures have been comprehensively investigated. Simulations have been performed by employing the self‐consistent solution of 2D Poisson‐Schrödinger equations within the nonequilibrium Green′s function (NEGF) formalism. Principal characteristics of CNTFETs such as current capability, drain conductance, transconductance, and subthreshold swing (SS) have been investigated. Simulation results present that as temperature raises from 250 to 500 K, the drain conductance and on‐current of the CNTFET improved; meanwhile the on‐/off‐current ratio deteriorated due to faster growth in off‐current. Also the effects of temperature on short channel effects (SCEs) such as drain‐induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and threshold voltage roll‐off have been studied. Results show that the subthreshold swing and DIBL parameters are almost linearly correlated, so the degradation of these parameters has the same origin and can be perfectly influenced by the temperature.
Natural History of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Women and Dysmenorrhea: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Olafsdottir Linda Bjork , Gudjonsson Hallgrimur , Jonsdottir Heidur Hrund , Björnsson Einar , Thjodleifsson Bjarni
Published: March 2012

Background. Studies have shown that women are more likely to have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and more women seek healthcare because of IBS than men.Aim. We wanted to examine the natural history of IBS and dysmenorrhea in women over a 10-year period and to assess the change in IBS after menopause.Method. A population-based postal study. A questionnaire was mailed to the same age- and gender-stratified random sample of the Icelandic population aged 18–75 in 1996 and again in 2006.Results. 77% premenopausal women had dysmenorrhea in the year 1996 and 74% in 2006. 42% of women with dysmenorrhea had IBS according to Manning criteria in the year 2006 and 49% in 1996. 26% of women with dysmenorrhea had IBS according to Rome III 2006 and 11% in the year 1996. In 2006 30% women had severe or very severe dysmenorrhea pain severity. More women (27%) reported severe abdominal pain after menopause than before menopause 11%. Women without dysmenorrhea were twice more likely to remain asymptomatic than the women with dysmenorrhea. Women with dysmenorrhea were more likely to have stable symptoms and were twice more likely to have increased symptoms.Conclusion. Women with IBS are more likely to experience dysmenorrhea than women without IBS which seems to be a part of the symptomatology in most women with IBS. IBS symptom severity seems to increase after menopause.
Office-Based Deep Sedation for Pediatric Ophthalmologic Procedures Using a Sedation Service Model
Authors: Lalwani Kirk , Tomlinson Matthew , Koh Jeffrey , Wheeler David
Published: March 2012

Aims. (1) To assess the efficacy and safety of pediatric office-based sedation for ophthalmologic procedures using a pediatric sedation service model. (2) To assess the reduction in hospital charges of this model of care delivery compared to the operating room (OR) setting for similar procedures.Background. Sedation is used to facilitate pediatric procedures and to immobilize patients for imaging and examination. We believe that the pediatric sedation service model can be used to facilitate office-based deep sedation for brief ophthalmologic procedures and examinations.Methods. After IRB approval, all children who underwent office-based ophthalmologic procedures at our institution between January 1, 2000 and July 31, 2008 were identified using the sedation service database and the electronic health record. A comparison of hospital charges between similar procedures in the operating room was performed.Results. A total of 855 procedures were reviewed. Procedure completion rate was 100% (C.I. 99.62–100). There were no serious complications or unanticipated admissions. Our analysis showed a significant reduction in hospital charges (average of $1287 per patient) as a result of absent OR and recovery unit charges.Conclusions. Pediatric ophthalmologic minor procedures can be performed using a sedation service model with significant reductions in hospital charges.
Hypogonadism in the Aging Male Diagnosis, Potential Benefits, and Risks of Testosterone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Surampudi Prasanth N. , Wang Christina , Swerdloff Ronald
Published: March 2012

Hypogonadism in older men is a syndrome characterized by low serum testosterone levels and clinical symptoms often seen in hypogonadal men of younger age. These symptoms include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, decreased vitality, decreased muscle mass, increased adiposity, depressed mood, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Hypogonadism is a common disorder in aging men with a significant percentage of men over 60 years of age having serum testosterone levels below the lower limits of young male adults. There are a variety of testosterone formulations available for treatment of hypogonadism. Data from many small studies indicate that testosterone therapy offers several potential benefits to older hypogonadal men. A large multicenter NIH supported double blind, placebo controlled study is ongoing, and this study should greatly enhance the information available on efficacy and side effects of treatment. While safety data is available across many age groups, there are still unresolved concerns associated with testosterone therapy. We have reviewed the diagnostic methods as well as benefits and risks of testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadism in aging men.
Eryptotic Phenotype in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Contribution of Neutrophilic Cathepsin G
Authors: Govekar Rukmini , Kawle Poonam , Thomas Renjan , Advani Suresh , PV Sheena , Zingde Surekha
Published: March 2012

In pathological conditions with concurrent neutrophilia, modifications of erythrocyte membrane proteins are reported. In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a myeloproliferative disease wherein neutrophilia is accompanied by enhanced erythrophagocytosis, we report for the first time excessive cleavage of erythrocyte band 3. Distinct fragments of band 3 serve as senescent cell antigens leading to erythrophagocytosis. Using immunoproteomics, we report the identification of immunogenic 43 kDa fragment of band 3 in 68% of CML samples compared to their detection in only 38% of healthy individuals. Thus, excessive fragmentation of band 3 in CML, detected in our study, corroborated with the eryptotic phenotype. We demonstrate the role of neutrophilic cathepsin G, detected as an immunogen on erythrocyte membrane, in band 3 cleavage. Cathepsin G from serum adsorbs to the erythrocyte membrane to mediate cleavage of band 3 and therefore contribute to the eryptotic phenotype in CML.
Polyploidy and Speciation in Pteris (Pteridaceae)
Authors: Chao Yi-Shan , Liu Ho-Yih , Chiang Yu-Chung , Chiou Wen-Liang
Published: March 2012

The highest frequency of polyploidy among plants is considered to occur in the Pteridophytes. In this study, we focused on polyploidy displayed by a specific fern taxon, the genus Pteris L. (Pteridaceae), comprising over 250 species. Cytological data from 106 Pteris species were reviewed. The base number of chromosomes in Pteris is 29. Polyploids are frequently found in Pteris, including triploids, tetraploids, pentaploids, hexaploids, and octoploids. In addition, an aneuploid species, P. deltodon Bak., has been recorded. Furthermore, the relationship between polyploidy and reproductive biology is reviewed. Among these 106 Pteris species, 60% exhibit polyploidy: 22% show intraspecific polyploidy and 38% result from polyploid speciation. Apogamous species are common in Pteris. Diploids are the most frequent among Pteris species, and they can be sexual or apogamous. Triploids are apogamous; tetraploids are sexual or apogamous. Most Pteris species have one to two ploidy levels. The diverse ploidy levels suggest that these species have a complex evolutionary history and their taxonomic problems require further clarification.
Coupling of Point Collocation Meshfree Method and FEM for EEG Forward Solver
Authors: Lee Chany , Choi Jong-Ho , Jung Ki-Young , Jung Hyun-Kyo
Published: March 2012

For solving electroencephalographic forward problem, coupled method of finite element method (FEM) and fast moving least square reproducing kernel method (FMLSRKM) which is a kind of meshfree method is proposed. Current source modeling for FEM is complicated, so source region is analyzed using meshfree method. First order of shape function is used for FEM and second order for FMLSRKM because FMLSRKM adopts point collocation scheme. Suggested method is tested using simple equation using 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐dimensional models, and error tendency according to node distance is studied. In addition, electroencephalographic forward problem is solved using spherical head model. Proposed hybrid method can produce well‐approximated solution.
A Systematic Review of the Epidemiology, Immunopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pleural TB in HIV- Infected Patients
Authors: Aljohaney A. , Amjadi K. , Alvarez G. G.
Published: March 2012

Background. High HIV burden countries have experienced a high burden of pleural TB in HIV-infected patients.Objective. To review the epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of pleural TB in HIV-infected patients.Methods. A literature search from 1950 to June 2011 in MEDLINE was conducted.Results. Two-hundred and ninety-nine studies were identified, of which 30 met the inclusion criteria. The immunopathogenesis as denoted by cells and cytokine profiles is distinctly different between HIV and HIV-uninfected pleural TB disease. Adenosine deaminase and interferon gamma are good markers of pleural TB disease even in HIV-infected patients. HIV-uninfected TB suspects with pleural effusions commonly have a low yield of TB organisms however the evidence suggests that in dually infected patients smear and cultures have a higher yield. The Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay has significant potential to improve the diagnosis of pleural TB in HIV-positive patients.Conclusions. Pleural TB in HIV-infected patients has a different immunopathogenesis than HIV-uninfected pleural TB and these findings in part support the differences noted in this systematic review. Research should focus on developing an interferon gamma-based point of care diagnostic test and expansion of the role of Gene Xpert in the diagnosis of pleural TB.
A High-Performance Parallel FDTD Method Enhanced by Using SSE Instruction Set
Authors: Chang Dau-Chyrh , Zhang Lihong , Yang Xiaoling , Yen Shao-Hsiang , Yu Wenhua
Published: March 2012

We introduce a hardware acceleration technique for the parallel finite difference time domain (FDTD) method using the SSE (streaming (single instruction multiple data) SIMD extensions) instruction set. The implementation of SSE instruction set to parallel FDTD method has achieved the significant improvement on the simulation performance. The benchmarks of the SSE acceleration on both the multi-CPU workstation and computer cluster have demonstrated the advantages of (vector arithmetic logic unit) VALU acceleration over GPU acceleration. Several engineering applications are employed to demonstrate the performance of parallel FDTD method enhanced by SSE instruction set.
Endogenous Reactivity in a Dynamic Model of Consumer’s Choice
Authors: Naimzada Ahmad K. , Tramontana Fabio
Published: March 2012

We move from a boundedly rational consumer model (Naimzada and Tramontana, 2008, 2010) characterized by a gradient‐like decisional process in which, under particular parameters conditions, the asymptotical convergence to the optimal choice does not happen but it does under a least squared learning mechanism. In the present paper, we prove that even a less sophisticated learning mechanism leads to convergence to the rational choice and also prove that convergence is ensured when both learning mechanisms are available. The stability results that we obtain give more strength to the rational behavior assumption of the original model; in fact, the less demanding is the learning mechanism ensuring convergence to the rational behavior, the higher is the probability that even quite naive consumers will learn the composition of their optimum consumption bundles.
The Effects of Substituting Glassware for Plasticware and the Use of an Ethanol Vector on Oocyte MaturationIn Vitro
Authors: Macaulay A. D. , Hamilton C. K. , Bartlewski P. M. , King W. A.
Published: March 2012

The intent of this study was to evaluate specific technical aspects ofin vitrooocyte maturation (IVM), which included container material and solvent delivery vector. Oocytes were matured in oil-free, open-well systems contained in either plastic or glass dishes and compared to control oocytes matured in media droplets on plastic dishes overlaid with mineral oil. Open-well experiments were repeated with ethanol in a quantity sufficient for delivery of nonmiscible compounds. Cleavage rates were significantly decreased in the glassware system when compared to controls. The plasticware open-well system did not differ from either the controls or the glassware groups. Cleavage in glassware with ethanol was significantly lower than controls or plasticware with ethanol. Blastocyst rates were only decreased in the glassware-ethanol treatment when compared to plasticware-ethanol treatment. Cell counts and percentage of TUNEL-positive cells did not differ significantly. Unexpectedly, sex ratio was significantly decreased (34% male) from the expected value of 50% male in the glassware group with added ethanol. The current study demonstrates the sensitivity of IVM to subtle technical changes, resulting in significant developmental consequences.
Anti-VEGF Therapy Revived by c-Met Inhibition, but Is c-Met the Answer?
Authors: Lynn Kristi D. , Brekken Rolf A.
Published: March 2012

A new study by Sennino and colleagues demonstrates that selective VEGF inhibition via the use of an anti-VEGF antibody is sufficient to increase invasion and metastasis in a c-Met–dependent manner. Anti-VEGF therapy induced tumor hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, and c-Met activation in the RIP-Tag2 model of neuroendocrine pancreatic cancer. Selective c-Met inhibition was sufficient to block these effects, providing a potential mechanism for and solution to overcome increased invasion in the face of anti-VEGF therapy. Cancer Discovery; 2(3); 211–3. ©2012 AACR.

Commentary on Sennino et al., p. 270.
Cardiometabolic Risk in Chinese Women with Prior Gestational Diabetes: A 15-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Tam Wing-Hung , Ma Ronald Ching-Wan , Yang Xilin , Ko Gary Tin-Choi , Lao Terence Tzu-Hsi , Chan Michael Ho-Ming , Lam Christopher Wai-Kei , Cockram Clive Stewart , Chan Juliana Chung-Ngor
Published: March 2012

Aims: The progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and other long-term cardiometabolic risks in Chinese women with prior history of gestational diabetes (GD) was studied at 15 years postpartum. Methods: 139 Chinese women (45 with GD and 94 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at the index pregnancy) who had their insulin sensitivity and β-cell functions examined at 8 years postpartum were again followed up at 15 years for the investigation of the rate of type 2 DM, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Results: Women with prior history of GD had a significantly higher rate of hypertension (35.6% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.01), type 2 DM (24.4% vs. 5.3%, p < 0.001) and impaired glucose regulation (26.6% vs. 14.9%, p < 0.001) than women with NGT during the index pregnancy. The Matsuda insulin sensitivity index and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index at 8 years postpartum were independent predictors of both DM and metabolic syndrome at 15 years postpartum. Conclusions: The conversion rate of type 2 DM increased at an average rate of 1.6% per year after a pregnancy affected by GD. Insulin resistance at 8 years postpartum could refine a future diabetic risk in women with prior history of GD.
Association between KLK3 rs2735839 G/A Polymorphism and Serum PSA Levels in Japanese Men
Authors: Nobata Syunsuke , Hishida Asahi , Naito Mariko , Asai Yatami , Mori Atsuyoshi , Kuwabara Mayumi , Katase Shiro , Okada Rieko , Morita Emi , Kawai Sayo , Hamajima Nobuyuki , Wakai Kenji
Published: March 2012

Objectives: To clarify the association of kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3) rs2735839 G/A polymorphism with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in Japanese men. Methods: Subjects were participants of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study who visited the Seirei Preventive Health Care Center in Shizuoka, Japan. Among the 5,040 individuals aged 35–69 years who were enrolled in 2006–2007, serum PSA data were available for 2,323 male subjects without a past history of prostate cancer. The diagnostic criteria for PSA positivity was PSA ≥4.0 ng/ml. Genotyping of the KLK3 polymorphism was conducted by the polymerase chain reaction with the confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP) method. Results: The mean ± SD of PSA levels (mg/dl) were 1.54 ± 1.73 for those with KLK3 rs2735839 G/G genotype, 1.34 ± 1.33 for G/A, and 1.20 ± 1.23 for A/A, which was significantly different (p < 0.0001). The age-adjusted odds ratios of PSA test positivity were 0.62 (95% confidence interval 0.41–0.94) for those with G/A + A/A relative to those with G/G. Conclusions: The present study revealed that the KLK3 rs2735839 G allele was significantly associated with higher serum PSA levels also in Japanese.
Prevalence of Dementia in Al Kharga District, New Valley Governorate, Egypt
Authors: El Tallawy Hamdy N. , Farghly Wafaa M.A. , Shehata Ghaydaa A. , Rageh Tarek A. , Hakeem Nabil Abdel , Abo-Elfetoh Noha , Hegazy Ahmed M. , Rayan Ibraheem , El-Moselhy Essam A.
Published: March 2012

Background: With aging, there is a parallel increase in the prevalence of dementia worldwide. The aim of this work is to determine the prevalence of dementia among the population of Al Kharga District, New Valley, Egypt. Methods: Screening of all subjects aged ≥50 years (n = 8,173 out of 62,583 inhabitants) was done through a door-to-door survey by 3 neurologists, using a short standardized Arabic screening test and a modified Mini-Mental State Examination. Suspected cases were subjected to full clinical examination, psychometric assessment using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, Hachinski Ischemic Score, DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria, neuroimaging, and laboratory investigations, when indicated. Results: The prevalence rate of dementia was 2.26% for the population aged ≥50 years. It increased steeply with age to a maximum of 18.48% for those aged ≥80 years. Alzheimer’s disease (51.2%) was the most common subtype, followed by vascular dementia (28.7%), dementia due to general medical conditions (12.8%), and lastly dementia due to multiple etiologies (7.3%). Mild dementia was the commonest (53.7%). Conclusion: Dementia is prevalent in Egypt as elsewhere. Detection through a door-to-door surveyis the best method in developing countriesfor early detection of mild cases.
Impact of Statin Use and Lipid Profile on Symptomatic Intracerebral Haemorrhage, Outcome and Mortality after Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Stroke
Authors: Rocco Andrea , Sykora Marek , Ringleb Peter , Diedler Jennifer
Published: March 2012

Background: It is unclear if a certain lipid profile and/or statin use contribute to symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH), poor outcome or mortality after intravenous thrombolysis for ischaemic stroke. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of statin use and lipid profile on sICH, outcome and mortality following thrombolysis in acute stroke. Methods: From 2001 to 2010, all patients admitted to our hospital and undergoing intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke were included into an open, prospective database. Initial stroke severity was assessed using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Demographics, vascular risk factors, admission blood pressure, glucose levels, previous medication including statin use, lipid profiles including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride levels were recorded. Outcome measures included sICH according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II criteria, modified Rankin scale and mortality at 3 months. Results: 1,066 patients were included in the analysis; 5.3% (57 patients) had sICH. Mortality at 3 months was 17.6% (188 patients). A favourable outcome (modified Rankin scale 0–1) at 3 months was attained by 35.6% (379 patients). Prior statin use was not associated with increased odds for sICH (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.55–2.04, p = 0.864), mortality (OR 1.32, 95% CI 0.90–1.93, p = 0.152) or favourable outcome (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.65–1.24, p = 0.507). Similar results were found for the different lipid variables: high LDL (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.36–2.60, p = 0.942), high triglyceride (OR 1.74, 95% CI 0.84–3.56, p = 0.132) and low HDL (OR 1.78, 95% CI 0.68–4.65, p = 0.279) were not associated with increased odds for sICH. Likewise, neither mortality nor functional outcome at 3 months was significantly associated with any of the lipid variables in the univariable analysis following Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. The same results were found in the multivariable analysis adjusting for imbalances in baseline characteristics. Conclusions: In contrast to previous studies, we found that in stroke patients receiving thrombolysis therapy, neither the lipid profile nor prior statin use were associated with increased odds for sICH, functional outcome or mortality at 3 months.
Identification of Internal Carotid Artery Dissection by Transoral Carotid Ultrasonography
Authors: Suzuki Rieko , Koga Masatoshi , Toyoda Kazunori , Uemura Masahiro , Nagasawa Hikaru , Yakushiji Yusuke , Moriwaki Hiroshi , Yamada Naoaki , Minematsu Kazuo
Published: March 2012

Background and Purpose: Conventional transsurface carotid ultrasonography (TSCU) via the cervical surface often fails to detect dissection of the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA). The role of transoral carotid ultrasonography (TOCU) in the detection of ICA dissection was examined. Method: Patients with unilateral extracranial ICA dissection identified by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) from our database of patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were reviewed. Findings of dissection were compared between TSCU and TOCU. Results: Eight patients (7 men, 37–69 years old), including 7 with ischemic stroke and 1 with TIA, had ICA dissection. By DSA, dissection was identified between the first and third vertebrae in 4 patients and from the third cervical vertebra to the intracranial level in the remaining 4. TOCU images revealed an intimal flap as definite evidence of dissection in all patients. In 7 patients, color flow signals were not seen in false lumens, indicating thrombosed lumens. Four patients showed morphological changes of dissection on follow-up TOCU, including a patient with recovery of color flow signals in false lumens. The diameter of the dissected ICA was 7.3 ± 0.7 mm and that of the contralateral ICA was 4.9 ± 0.6 mm (p = 0.008). In contrast, TSCU did not enable any conclusive findings of ICA dissection to be made in any patient. Six patients had intramural hematoma on T1-weighted MRI, and 2 had an intimal flap with a double lumen on magnetic resonance angiography. Conclusion: TOCU has advantages over TSCU in achieving an accurate diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of ICA dissection.
Intravenous Immunoglobulins Modulate Neutrophil Activation and Vascular Injury Through FcγRIII and SHP-1
Authors: Jang Jung-Eun , Hidalgo Andrés , Frenette Paul S.
Published: March 2012

Rationale:

Intravascular neutrophil recruitment and activation are key pathogenic factors that contribute to vascular injury. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been shown to have a beneficial effect in systemic inflammatory disorders; however, the mechanisms underlying IVIG's inhibitory effect on neutrophil recruitment and activation are not understood.

Objective:

We studied the mechanisms by which IVIG exerts protection from neutrophil-mediated acute vascular injury.

Methods and Results:

We examined neutrophil behavior in response to IVIG in vivo, using real-time intravital microscopy. We found that an antibody that blocks both FcγRIII and its inhibitory receptor counterpart, FcγRIIB, abrogated the inhibitory effect of IVIG on leukocyte recruitment and heterotypic red blood cell (RBC) interactions with adherent leukocytes in wild-type mice. In the context of sickle cell disease, the blockade of both FcγRIIB and III abrogated the protective effect of IVIG on acute vaso-occlusive crisis caused by neutrophil recruitment and activation. Analysis of FcγRIIB- and FcγRIII-deficient mice revealed the predominant expression of FcγRIII on circulating neutrophils. FcγRIII mediated IVIG-triggered inhibition of leukocyte recruitment, circulating RBC capture, and enhanced Mac-1 activity, whereas FcγRIIB was dispensable. In addition, FcγRIII-induced IVIG anti-inflammatory activity in neutrophils was mediated by recruitment of Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). Indeed, the protective effect of IVIG on leukocyte recruitment and activation was abrogated in SHP-1-mutant mice.

Conclusions:

FcγRIII, a classic activating receptor, has an unexpected inhibitory role on neutrophil adhesion and activation via recruitment of SHP-1 in response to IVIG. Our results identify SHP-1 as a therapeutic target in neutrophil-mediated vascular injury.
Increased Risks of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Among Spousal Caregivers of Cancer Patients
Authors: Ji Jianguang , Zöller Bengt , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan
Published: March 2012

Background—

Spousal caregivers of cancer patients suffer psychological and physical burdens that may affect their risk of subsequently developing coronary heart disease and stroke.

Methods and Results—

Cancer patients were identified in the Swedish Cancer Registry, and information on their spouses was retrieved from the Swedish Multi-Generation Register. Follow-up of caregivers was performed from the date of the first diagnosis of cancer in their spouses through 2008. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated for spousal caregivers of cancer patients compared with those without an affected spouse. After the cancer diagnosis in wives, the risks of coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke in husbands were 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.16), 1.24 (95% CI, 1.21–1.27), and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.18–1.32), respectively. The corresponding risks in wives with an affected husband were 1.13 (95% CI, 1.10–1.16), 1.29 (95% CI, 1.26–1.32), and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.19–1.34). The increases were consistent over time and were more pronounced if the spouse was affected by a cancer with a high mortality rate, such as pancreatic and lung cancers.

Conclusions—

Spousal caregivers of cancer patients have increased risks of coronary heart disease and stroke that persist over time. Clinical attention should be paid to spousal caregivers, especially those caring for cancer patients with high mortality rates.