bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Temperature Variability on Survival and Development of Citrus Leaf Miner, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracilariidae) in Tanzania
Authors: Nguvu G. , Rwegasira G. M. , Wudil B. S.
Published: November 2022

Due to limited information on Phyllocnistis citrella’s Biology, study was aimed to examine the effects of different temperature levels on biology of citrus leaf miner under controlled laboratory conditions at the Entomology laboratory of Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Tanzania from December 2011 to September 2012. Leaf samples (1,985 leaf samples) considered to contain larvae in serpentine mines were collected and individually incubated at room temperature. The emerging adults were wet preserved in 70% ethanol while some dry preserved using special micro pins under microscope for future identification. A Monterey LG8920 pheromone trap was set in every 10m2 at SUA citrus orchard to trap adult moths to supplement sample sources. Citrus leaf miners species collected were identified and four different temperature levels (20, 25, 30 and 35°C) were monitored at each developmental stage. Results revealed longer development time (egg to adult) at 200C and shorter at 300C in 28 and 10 days while the total mortality was 26.67% at 200C and 6.67% at 300C respectively. Oviposition period and rate were negatively and positively influenced by temperature (from 9.26 days at 200C to 6.21 days at 300C and 15.2 eggs/ female/ day at 300C and 6.8 eggs/ female/ day at 200C respectively). The overall fecundity was 28.2 eggs/ female at 200C and 57.1 eggs/ female at 300C. High larval mortality rate was recorded compared to the egg stage while no mortality observed at pupa stage. Conclusively, the pest on this temperature range (200C, minimum to 300C, maximum) has high fecundity, low mortality rate and the developmental time was positively correlated with high temperature, therefore considered optimum temperature range for its survival and development. Other researches especially Integrated Pest management are imperative for sound management package as per the pest in Tanzania and beyond.
Assessment of Psychosocial Programs to Prevent Sexual Violence During Adolescence
Authors: Piolanti Antonio , Jouriles Ernest N. , Foran Heather M.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Sexual violence is a public health problem that affects adolescents globally. To our knowledge, no meta-analysis of prevention programs for adolescent sexual violence has been conducted.

Objective

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of psychosocial programs for preventing sexual violence during adolescence.

Data Sources

Peer-reviewed articles published in English were searched in PsycINFO, ERIC, PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science databases through December 2021.

Study Selection

Studies were included if they were randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy of a psychosocial prevention program targeting sexual violence and delivered to adolescents aged 10 to 19 years.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to identify studies. The quality of individual studies was assessed with the Revised Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. A random-effects model was used to pool odds ratios (ORs). Exploratory subgroup and metaregression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between moderators and effect sizes.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were perpetration of sexual violence, experience of sexual violence, and a composite measure of any perpetration or experience of sexual violence.

Results

Data were analyzed from 20 trials involving 37 294 adolescents. Compared with control conditions, prevention programs were associated with a significant reduction in the perpetration (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.95; P = .005) and experience (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.98; P = .02) of sexual violence, as well as a 13% significant reduction of any sexual violence (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.97; P = .009). Exploratory analyses of the combination of program setting and participant age indicated that programs that were delivered in school settings and targeted at adolescents aged 15 to 19 years yielded significantly larger effect sizes (Cochran Q = 4.8; P = .03) compared with programs that were either delivered outside of a school setting or targeted younger adolescents. Quality assessment of trials revealed concerns of risk of bias across several included studies.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this meta-analysis, evidence suggested that prevention programs were associated with reducing adolescent sexual violence, especially when implemented at school with older adolescents. However, there is need for additional high-quality research. Prevention of adolescent sexual violence remains understudied compared with other similarly important public health prevention targets.
Bioinorganic supramolecular coordination complexes and their biomedical applications
Authors: Moreno‐Alcántar Guillermo , Casini Angela
Published: November 2022

The field of Bioinorganic Supramolecular Chemistry is an emerging research area including metal‐based supramolecules resulting from coordination‐driven self‐assembly (CDSA), whereby metal ions and organic ligands can be easily linked by metal–ligand bonds via Lewis' acid/base interactions. The focus of this ‘In a Nutshell’ review will be on the family of supramolecular coordination complexes, discrete entities formed by CDSA, which have recently captured widespread attention as a new class of versatile multifunctional materials with broad biological applications including molecular recognition, biosensing, therapy, imaging and drug delivery. Herein, we provide a summary of the state‐of‐the‐art use of these systems in biomedicine, with some selected representative examples, as well as our visions of the challenges and possible directions in the field.
MicroRNA signature of small‐cell lung cancer after treatment failure: impact on oncogenic targets by miR‐30a‐3p control
Authors: Tanigawa Kengo , Misono Shunsuke , Mizuno Keiko , Asai Shunichi , Suetsugu Takayuki , Uchida Akifumi , Kawano Minami , Inoue Hiromasa , Seki Naohiko
Published: November 2022

Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is associated with a high mortality rate and limited treatment efficacy. We created a microRNA (miRNA) expression signature by RNA sequencing using specimens from patients with SCLC who had failed treatment. Forty‐nine miRNAs were downregulated in SCLC tissues and were candidate tumor‐suppressive miRNAs. In this signature, both guide and passenger strands were downregulated for five miRNAs (miR‐30a, miR‐34b, miR‐34c, miR‐223, and miR‐4529). Recent studies have revealed that passenger strands of miRNAs are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of human cancer. Although miR‐30a‐5p (the guide strand) has been shown to be a tumor‐suppressive miRNA in various types of cancers, miR‐30a‐3p (the passenger strand) function is not well characterized in SCLC cells. We investigated the functional significance of miR‐30a‐3p and oncogenic genes regulated by miR‐30a‐3p in SCLC cells. Ectopic expression assays showed that miR‐30a‐3p expression inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in two SCLC cell lines. Furthermore, in silico database searches and gene expression assays identified 25 genes as putative targets of miR‐30a‐3p in SCLC cells. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that downstream neighbor of SON (DONSON) was directly regulated by miR‐30a‐3p in SCLC cells. Knockdown of DONSON induced cell cycle arrest in SCLC cells and DONSON overexpression were detected in SCLC clinical samples. Analyzing the regulatory networks of tumor‐suppressive miRNAs may lead to the identification of therapeutic targets in SCLC.
Characterization of the promoter region of the murine Catsper2 gene
Authors: Contreras‐Marciales Andrea del Pilar , López‐Guzmán Sergio Federico , Benítez‐Hess María Luisa , Oviedo Norma , Hernández‐Sánchez Javier
Published: November 2022

CATSPER2 (Cation channel sperm‐associated protein 2) protein, which is part of the calcium CATSPER channel located in the membrane of the flagellar principal piece of the sperm cell, is only expressed in the testis during spermatogenesis. Deletions or mutations in the Catsper2 gene are associated with the deafness‐infertility syndrome (DIS) and non‐syndromic male infertility. However, the mechanisms by which Catsper2 is regulated are unknown. Here, we report the characterization of the promoter region of murine Catsper2 and the role of CTCF and CREMτ in its transcription. We report that the promoter region has transcriptional activity in both directions, as determined by observing luciferase activity in mouse Sertoli and GC‐1 spg transfected cells. WGBS data analysis indicated that a CpG island identified in silico is non‐methylated; Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐seq data analysis revealed that histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 are present in the promoter and body of the Catsper2 gene respectively, indicating that Catsper2 is subject to epigenetic regulation. In addition, the murine Catsper2 core promoter was delimited to a region between −54/+189 relative to the transcription start site (TSS), where three CTCF and one CRE binding site were predicted. The functionality of these sites was determined by mutation of the CTCF sites and deletion of the CRE site. Finally, ChIP assays confirmed that CREMτ and CTCF bind to the Catsper2 minimal promoter region. This study represents the first functional analysis of the murine Catsper2 promoter region and the mechanisms that regulate its expression.
Combined clinical and research training in medical physics in a multi‐institutional setting: 13‐year experience of Harvard Medical Physics Residency Program
Authors: Lyatskaya Yulia , Winey Brian , Kiger W. S. , Hurwitz Martina , Zygmanski Piotr , Makrigiorgos G. Mike , Bortfeld Thomas R. , Doppke Karen P. , Lu Xing‐Qi , Chin Lee M. , Biggs Peter , Gierga David P.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This manuscript describes the structure, management and outcomes of a multi‐institutional clinical and research medical physics residency program (Harvard Medical Physics Residency Program, or HMPRP) to provide potentially useful information to the centers considering a multi‐institutional approach for their training programs.

Methods

Data from the program documents and public records was used to describe HMPRP and obtain statistics about participating faculty, enrolled residents, and graduates. Challenges associated with forming and managing a multi‐institutional program and developed solutions for effective coordination between several clinical centers are described.

Results

HMPRP was formed in 2009 and was accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Education Programs (CAMPEP) in 2011. It is a 3‐year therapy program, with a dedicated year of research and the 2 years of clinical training at three academic hospitals. A CAMPEP‐accredited Certificate Program is embedded in HMPRP to allow enrolled residents to complete a formal didactic training in medical physics if necessary. The clinical training covers the material required by CAMPEP. In addition, training in protons, CyberKnife, MR‐linac, and at network locations is included. The clinical training and academic record of the residents is outstanding. All graduates have found employment within clinical medical physics, mostly at large academic centers and graduates had a 100% pass rate at the oral American Board of Radiology exams. On average, three manuscripts per resident are published during residency, and multiple abstracts are presented at conferences.

Conclusions

A multi‐institutional medical physics residency program can be successfully formed and managed. With a collaborative administrative structure, the program creates an environment for high‐quality clinical training of the residents and high productivity in research. The main advantage of such program is access to a wide variety of resources. The main challenge is creating a structure for efficient management of multiple resources at different locations. This report may provide valuable information to centers considering starting a multi‐institutional residency program.
Silane‐Mediated Expansion of Domains in Si‐Doped κ‐Ga2O3 Epitaxy and its Impact on the In‐Plane Electronic Conduction
Authors: Mazzolini Piero , Fogarassy Zsolt , Parisini Antonella , Mezzadri Francesco , Diercks David , Bosi Matteo , Seravalli Luca , Sacchi Anna , Spaggiari Giulia , Bersani Danilo , Bierwagen Oliver , Janzen Benjamin Moritz , Marggraf Marcella Naomi , Wagner Markus R. , Cora Ildiko , Pécz Béla , Tahraoui Abbes , Bosio Alessio , Borelli Carmine , Leone Stefano , Fornari Roberto
Published: November 2022

Unintentionally doped (001)‐oriented orthorhombic κ‐Ga2O3 epitaxial films on c‐plane sapphire substrates are characterized by the presence of ≈ 10 nm wide columnar rotational domains that can severely inhibit in‐plane electronic conduction. Comparing the in‐ and out‐of‐plane resistance on well‐defined sample geometries, it is experimentally proved that the in‐plane resistivity is at least ten times higher than the out‐of‐plane one. The introduction of silane during metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxial growth not only allows for n‐type Si extrinsic doping, but also results in the increase of more than one order of magnitude in the domain size (up to ≈ 300 nm) and mobility (highest µ ≈ 10 cm2V−1s−1, with corresponding lowest ρ ≈ 0.2 Ωcm). To qualitatively compare the mean domain dimension in κ‐Ga2O3 epitaxial films, non‐destructive experimental procedures are provided based on X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results of this study pave the way to significantly improved in‐plane conduction in κ‐Ga2O3 and its possible breakthrough in new generation electronics. The set of cross‐linked experimental techniques and corresponding interpretation here proposed can apply to a wide range of material systems that suffer/benefit from domain‐related functional properties.
Engineering Oncolytic Adenoviruses with VSVG‐Decorated Tumor Cell Membranes for Synergistically Enhanced Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Huang Li‐Li , Wang Weiwei , Wang Zhongjie , Zhang Han , Liu Houli , Wu Guanghao , Nie Weidong , Xie Hai‐Yan
Published: November 2022

Oncolytic viruses hold great promise for cancer treatment but their practical applications are seriously impaired by a series of limitations. Herein, an engineered oncolytic adenovirus (OA) is constructed that can boost both the direct oncolysis and antitumor immune response of OA attributed to the increased tumor targeting and low‐pH responsive fusogenic activity. The tumor cell membranes are decorated with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) via vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection and then used to mask OA (V‐M@OA). After systemic administration, the engineered OA can target homologous tumors owing to the homing ability of tumor membranes. Then the unique low‐pH responsive fusogenic activity of VSVG significantly enhances the replication of OA by promoting the whole virus infection process, resulting in remarkable virus‐mediated tumoricidal effects and thus abundant in situ released tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs). Meanwhile, VSVG on V‐M@OA augments the adjuvanticity of OA and thus significantly enhancing the antitumor immune response. The synergism of virus‐mediated killing and immune effects leads to significant tumor inhibition with no obvious side effects.
High Performing Solid‐State Organic Electrochemical Transistors Enabled by Glycolated Polythiophene and Ion‐Gel Electrolyte with a Wide Operation Temperature Range from −50 to 110 °C
Authors: Wu Xihu , Chen Shuai , Moser Maximilian , Moudgil Akshay , Griggs Sophie , Marks Adam , Li Ting , McCulloch Iain , Leong Wei Lin
Published: November 2022

The development of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) capable of maintaining their high amplification, fast transient speed, and operational stability in harsh environments will advance the growth of next‐generation wearable and biological electronics. In this study, a high‐performance solid‐state OECT (SSOECT) is successfully demonstrated, showing a recorded high transconductance of 220 ± 59 S cm−1, ultrafast device speed of ≈10 kHz with excellent operational stability over 10 000 switching cycles, and thermally stable under a wide temperature range from −50 to 110 °C. The developed SSOECTs are successfully used to detect low‐amplitude physiological signals, showing a high signal‐to‐noise‐ratio of 32.5 ± 2.1 dB. For the first time, the amplifying power of these SSOECTs is also retained and reliably shown to collect high‐quality electrophysiological signals even under harsh temperatures (−50 and 110 °C). The demonstration of high‐performing SSOECTs and its application in harsh environment are core steps toward their implementation in next‐generation wearable electronics and bioelectronics.
Single‐Atom Catalysts with Ultrahigh Catalase‐Like Activity Through Electron Filling and Orbital Energy Regulation
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Wang Wenlong , Wang Jin , Wang Dingsheng , Liu Milan , Wu Qianyuan , Hu Hongying
Published: November 2022

Developing nanomaterials with high H2O2‐decomposition capacity to replace traditional biological enzymes is of great importance in environmental, semiconductor, and medical fields. However, a lack of understanding of the reaction mechanism leads to aimless catalyst design and limits further improvement of catalytic activity. Here, the regulatory mechanism based on the electron filling and orbital energies of the metal active centers is demonstrated and a rational catalyst design strategy is provided to achieve ultrahigh H2O2‐decomposition activity. Among the five platinum‐group‐metal active centers investigated in this study, the Ir–N4 with partially occupied dx2−y2 and dxz orbitals and the highest d‐band center most strongly interacts with H2O2, and show the lowest energy barrier for H2O2 decomposition. As expected, the single‐atom Ir catalyst (Ir‐NC) shows an ultrahigh H2O2‐decomposition capacity, which is 1614‐times higher than that of natural catalase. Surface‐adsorbed atomic oxygen is observed and verified to be the key intermediate for O2 generation. Biocompatible Ir‐NC is effective in scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species and holds great potential for clinical therapeutics associated with oxidative stress. This study advances the mechanistic understanding of H2O2 decomposition and provides useful guidance for rational design of high‐performance artificial nanozymes.
Reduced Graphene Oxides Modified Bi2Te3 Nanosheets for Rapid Photo‐Thermoelectric Catalytic Therapy of Bacteria‐Infected Wounds
Authors: Wang Siyu , Qiao Yuqian , Liu Xiangmei , Zhu Shengli , Zheng Yufeng , Jiang Hui , Zhang Yu , Shen Jie , Li Zhaoyang , Liang Yanqin , Cui Zhenduo , Chu Paul K. , Wu Shuilin
Published: November 2022

Temperature variation‐induced thermoelectric catalytic efficiency of thermoelectric material is simultaneously restricted by its electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity. Herein, Bi2Te3 nanosheets are in situ grown on reduced graphene oxides (rGO) to generate an efficient photo‐thermoelectric catalyst (rGO‐Bi2Te3). This system exhibits phonon scattering effect and extra carrier transport channels induced by the formed heterointerface between rGO and Bi2Te3, which improves the power factor value and reduces thermal conductivity, thus enhancing the thermoelectric performance of 2.13 times than single Bi2Te3. The photo‐thermoelectric catalysis of rGO‐Bi2Te3 significantly improves the reactive oxygen species yields, resulting from the effective electron–hole separation caused by the unique thermoelectric field and heterointerfaces of rGO‐Bi2Te3. Correspondingly, the electrospinning membranes containing rGO‐Bi2Te3 nanosheets exhibit high antibacterial efficiency in vivo (99.35 ± 0.29%), accelerated tissue repair ability, and excellent biosafety. This study provides an insight into heterointerface design in photo‐thermoelectric catalysis.
Two‐Step Cooling Strategy for Synergistic Control of CuZn and SnZn Defects Enabling 12.87% Efficiency (Ag,Cu)2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells
Authors: Geng Hang , Wang Mengyang , Wang Songfan , Kou Dongxing , Zhou Zhengji , Zhou Wenhui , Qi Yafang , Yuan Shengjie , Han Litao , Meng Yuena , Wu Sixin
Published: November 2022

Abundant intrinsic defects and defect clusters in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells lead to severe nonradiative recombination and limited photoelectric performance. Therefore, developing effective method to suppress the detrimental defects is the key to achieve high‐efficiency solar cell. Herein, a convenient two‐step cooling strategy in selenization process is reported to suppress the CuZn and SnZn defects and defect clusters synergistically. The results show that rapid cooling during section from selenization temperature to turning temperature can inhibit the volatilization of Sn and restrain the corresponding Sn‐related defects, while slow cooling during the subsequent temperature section can reduce the degree of Cu‐Zn disorder. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of two‐step cooling, a significantly lowered concentration of SnZn and CuZn defect and their defect clusters [2CuZn+SnZn] in absorber is observed, meanwhile, a reduced band tailing effect and promoted carrier collection efficiency of the photovoltaic device is obtained. Finally, a device with improved open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 505.5 mV and efficiency of 12.87% is achieved. This study demonstrates the impact of cooling process on defects controlling for the first time and provides a simple and effective new strategy for intrinsic defect control, which may be universal in other inorganic thin film solar cells.
Ultrahigh Mass Activity for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Anchoring Platinum Single Atoms on Active {100} Facets of TiC via Cation Defect Engineering
Authors: Dong Qinghua , Ma Sugang , Zhu Jiuyi , Yue Fen , Geng Yuqi , Zheng Jie , Ge Yu , Fan Chuanlin , Zhang Huigang , Xiang Maoqiao , Zhu Qingshan
Published: November 2022

Improving the platinum (Pt) mass activity for low‐cost electrochemical hydrogen evolution is an important and arduous task. Here, a selective etching‐reducing fluidized bed reactor technique is reported to create Ti vacancies and firmly anchor single Pt atoms on the active {100} facets of titanium carbide (TiC) to increase the Pt utilization efficiency and improve catalytic activity significantly by a synergistic effect between Ti vacancies and Pt atoms. The generated Ti vacancies are negatively charged and stabilize Pt atoms by forming covalent PtC bonds, showing excellent long‐term durability. Pt single atoms (ultralow load of 1.2 µg cm−2) on the defective TiC {100} show remarkable activity (24.9 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and a mass activity (49.69 A mg−1) ≈190 times that of the state‐of‐the‐art PtC catalyst and nearly double the previously reported best values. The developed cation defect engineering exhibits excellent potential for fabricating next‐generation advanced single‐atom catalysts for large‐scale hydrogen evolution at a low cost.
Phase Evolution of VC‐VO Heterogeneous Particles to Facilitate Sulfur Species Conversion in Li−S Batteries
Authors: Dong Xinji , Liu Xiaozhang , Shen Pei Kang , Zhu Jinliang
Published: November 2022

Lithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries with ultrahigh theoretical energy densities have thus far attracted significant attention as the next‐generation energy storage systems. However, the presence of the polysulfide shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics have critically hindered their research progress. Herein, the fabrication of novel VC‐VO heterogeneous particles supported on a hierarchical porous carbon matrix (VC‐VO/HPC) is reported that regulate the disordered motion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs); these particles can simultaneously achieve powerful anchoring, fast diffusion, and high‐efficiency conversion of LiPSs. Moreover, the in situ characterization of VC‐VO/HPC@S provides a rational inference for their phase evolution in the galvanostatic charge/discharge process. The formation of the V5S8 phase during electrochemical cycling primarily facilitates the interconversion of liquid‐phase polysulfides. Consequently, the VC‐VO/HPC@S cathodes exhibit excellent capacity performance (1484 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) and ultrahigh cycle stability (0.045% decay rate per cycle at 5 C). The pouch cell exhibits a high energy density of 358 Wh kg−1. This approach explores the phase evolution of VC‐VO particles in an electrochemical environment and is valuable for the development of Li−S batteries with high area capacity and long cycle life.
A Bridge between Ceramics Electrolyte and Interface Layer to Fast Li+ Transfer for Low Interface Impedance Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Yang Guiye , Bai Xiaoming , Zhang Yu , Guo Zhikun , Zhao Chenyang , Fan Lishuang , Zhang Naiqing
Published: November 2022

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) are regarded as next generation advanced energy storage technology to provide higher safety and energy density. However, a practical application is plagued by large interfacial resistance, owing to solid‐solid interface contact between ceramics electrolytes and Li anode. Introducing polymer‐based coating between electrolytes and Li anode is a feasible strategy to solve this issue. Unfortunately, current polymer is hard to achieve intimate contact at the atomic scale and lacks of a bridge to transfer Li+ quickly between electrolytes and polymer coating. This gives rise to sluggish Li+ transfer dynamics, huge interface impedance and greatly limits the effectiveness of this strategy. Herein, Poly(lithium 4‐styrenesulfonate)(PLSS) is introduced between Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO) electrolyte and Li anode. The theories and experiments prove the existence of strong coordinating interaction between SO3Li in PLSS and atoms on LLZTO surface. This interaction structures a bridge to migrate Li+ fast across LLZTO/PLSS interface and hence interface impedance is as low as 9 Ω cm2. Moreover, the electron‐blocking feature of PLSS can prevent electrons from tunneling the LLZTO/PLSS interface and combining with Li+ to form dendrite within LLZTO. PLSS‐base cells show improved long‐life cycling for 4700 h at 0.1 mA cm−2 at room temperature.
Smart Fibers and Textiles for Personal Thermal Management in Emerging Wearable Applications
Authors: Zuo Xingwei , Zhang Xueji , Qu Lijun , Miao Jinlei
Published: November 2022

With the emergence and development of smart wearable electronics and healthcare systems, strong demands for energy saving and effective personal thermoregulation have attracted great attentions. In order to prevent thermal runaway and realize human thermal comfort during the long‐term wear of electronics that closely contact to skin, personal thermal management is emerging as an important strategy to regulate and balance the heat exchange between human body and surrounding environments. Smart fibers and textiles with light weight, mechanical flexibility, multiple responsive, as well as, excellent thermoregulation ability for efficient personal thermal management are eagerly desired in the healthcare applications of wearable electronics. This review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art advancements on emerging smart fibers and textiles for personal thermal management, including personal cooling, warming, and thermostatic according to the specific healthcare application fields and individual requirements. Advanced fibers and textiles could provide adjustable smart personal thermal regulation ability, in response to various external stimuli and the changes of surrounding environments for efficient personal healthcare are focused on. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of smart fibers/textiles for personal thermal management are also discussed.
Self‐Cooperative Prodrug Nanovesicles Migrate Immune Evasion to Potentiate Chemoradiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Zhu Yun , Zhang Shunan , Lai Yi , Pan Jiaxing , Chen Fangmin , Wang Tingting , Wang Fengyang , Xu Zhiai , Yang Wenjun , Yu Haijun
Published: November 2022

Chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care for the clinical treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancers. However, the combination of ion radiation with free chemotherapeutics yields unsatisfactory therapeutic output and severe side effects due to the nonspecific biodistribution of the anticancer drugs. Herein, a self‐cooperative prodrug nanovesicle is reported for highly tumor‐specific chemoradiotherapy. The nanovesicles integrating a prodrug of oxaliplatin (OXA) can passively accumulate at the tumor site and penetrate deep into the tumor mass via matrix metalloproteinase 2‐mediated cleavage of the polyethylene glycol corona. The OXA prodrug can be restored inside the tumor cells with endogenous glutathione to trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) of the tumor cells and sensitize the tumor to ion radiation. The nanovesicles can be further loaded with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib to abolish chemoradiotherapy‐induced programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) upregulation on the surface of the tumor cells, thereby prompting chemoradiotherapy‐induced immunotherapy by blocking the interferon gamma‐Janus kinase‐signal transducer and activator of transcription axis. The prodrug nanoplatform reported herein might present a novel strategy to cooperatively enhance chemoradiotherapy of head and cancer and overcome PD‐L1‐dependent immune evasion.
Simultaneous Lattice Engineering and Defect Control via Cadmium Incorporation for High‐Performance Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Tianfei , Xiang Wanchun , Kubicki Dominik J. , Liu Yali , Tress Wolfgang , Liu Shengzhong
Published: November 2022

Doping of all‐inorganic lead halide perovskites to enhance their photovoltaic performance and stability has been reported to be effective. Up to now most studies have focused on the doping of elements in to the perovskite lattice. However, most of them cannot be doped into the perovskite lattice and the roles of these dopants are still controversial. Herein,the authors introduce CdI2 as an additive into CsPbI3−xBrx and use it as active layer to fabricate high‐performance inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Cd with a smaller radius than Pb can partially substitute Pb in the perovskite lattice by up to 2 mol%. Meanwhile, the remaining Cd stays on the surface and grain boundaries (GB) of the perovskite film in the form of Cs2CdI4−xBr−x, which is found to reduce non‐radiative recombination. These effects result in prolonged charge carrier lifetime, suppressed defect formation, decreased GBs, and an upward shift of energybands in the Cd‐containing film. A champion efficiency of 20.8% is achieved for Cd‐incorporated PSCs, together with improved device ambient stability. This work highlights the importance of simultaneous lattice engineering, defectcontrol and atomic‐level characterization in achieving high‐performance inorganic PSCs with well‐defined structure‐property relationships.
Electrochemoinformatics as an Emerging Scientific Field for Designing Materials and Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Devices—An Application in Battery Science and Technology
Authors: Baskin Igor , Ein‐Eli Yair
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical processes underlie the functioning of electrochemical devices for energy storage and conversion. In this paper, electrochemoinformatics is defined as a scientific discipline, a part of computational electrochemistry, dealing with the application of information technologies, specifically data science, machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence, to solve problems related to electrochemical processes, including the development of materials and electrochemical devices. Electrochemoinformatics is closely related to chemoinformatics and materials informatics and relies on the technologies they use. The definitions and the basics of chemoinformatics and materials informatics are reviewed with an emphasis on the role of data science, data representation, the use of ML methods, and molecular and material descriptors. The third constituent part of electrochemoinformatics is full‐cell informatics, which deals with the performance and design of whole electrochemical devices. The article focuses on the use of electrochemoinformatics in battery science and technology (battery informatics), including the development of electrolyte and electrode materials, battery performance monitoring, modeling, and design. The scope and the main challenges facing electrochemoinformatics are discussed.
Electrochemical Performance Enhancement of 3D Printed Electrodes Tailored for Enhanced Gas Evacuation during Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Rocha Fernando , Delmelle Renaud , Georgiadis Christos , Proost Joris
Published: November 2022

A zero‐gap cell with porous electrodes is a promising configuration for alkaline water electrolysis. However, gas evacuation becomes a challenge in that case, as bubbles can get trapped within the electrode's 3D structure. This work considers a number of 3D printed electrode geometries with so‐called triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS). The latter is a mathematically defined structure that repeats itself in three dimensions with zero mean curvature, and can therefore be expected to be particularly well‐suited to enhance gas evacuation. Another advantage as compared to other state‐of‐the‐art 3D electrodes like foams or felts lies in the fact that their porosity, which determines the available surface area, and their pore size or flow channel dimensions, which determines the degree of bubble entrapment, can be varied independently. By a combined experimental and modeling approach, this work then identifies the structural parameters that direct the performance of such 3D printed TPMS geometries toward enhanced gas evacuation. It is demonstrated that an optimal combination of these parameters allows, under a forced electrolyte flow, for a reduction in cell overpotential of more than 20%. This indicates that efforts in optimizing the electrode's geometry can give a similar electrochemical performance enhancement as optimizing its electro‐catalytic composition.
Current‐Dependent Lithium Metal Growth Modes in “Anode‐Free” Solid‐State Batteries at the Cu|LLZO Interface
Authors: Fuchs Till , Becker Juri , Haslam Catherine G. , Lerch Christian , Sakamoto Jeff , Richter Felix H. , Janek Jürgen
Published: November 2022

Controlling the lithium growth morphology in lithium reservoir‐free cells (RFCs), so‐called “anode‐free” solid‐state batteries, is of key interest to ensure stable battery operation. Despite several benefits of RFCs like improved energy density and easier fabrication, issues during the charging of the cell hinder the transition from lithium metal batteries with a lithium reservoir layer to RFCs. In RFCs, the lithium metal anode is plated during the first charging step at the interface between a metal current collector and the solid electrolyte, which is prone to highly heterogeneous growth instead of the desired homogeneous film‐like growth. Herein, the lithium morphology during the first charging step in RFCs is explored as a function of current density and current collector thickness. Using operando scanning electron microscopy, an increase in the lithium particle density is observed with increasing current density at the Cu|Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12 interface. This observation is then applied to improve the area coverage of lithium by pulsed plating. It is also shown that thin current collectors (d = 100 nm) are unsuited for RFCs, as lithium whiskers penetrate them, resulting in highly heterogeneous interfaces. This suggests the use of thicker metal layers (several µm) to mitigate whisker penetration and facilitate homogeneous lithium plating.
Parental absence during childhood and weight status in adulthood among middle‐aged community dwellers in rural Vietnam
Authors: Yazawa Aki , Kawachi Ichiro , Shrestha Rachana Manandhar , Fukunaga Ami , Pham Thuy Thi Phuong , Nguyen Chau Que , Hoang Dong Van , Phan Danh Cong , Hachiya Masahiko , Huynh Dong Van , Le Huy Xuan , Do Hung Thai , Mizoue Tetsuya , Inoue Yosuke
Published: November 2022

Objectives

While adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to be associated with adulthood obesity, less is known about their association with underweight. We examined the associations between parental absence (i.e., a major component of ACEs) and both underweight and excess weight among middle‐aged rural community dwellers in Vietnam, where experiences of parental absence was not uncommon during and after the Vietnam War (1955–1975).

Methods

Data came from 3000 middle‐aged adults who participated in the baseline survey of Khánh Hòa Cardiovascular Study. Parental absence was defined as parental absence due to death, divorce, or out‐migration. Using information on the timing of such events, we categorized participants into those who experienced parental absence before the age of 3, between the ages of 3 and 15, and those without such experiences. BMI was calculated based on measured height and weight (kg/m2) and categorized into three groups: underweight <18.5; normal 18.5–24.9; excess weight ≥ 25. Multinomial logistic regression was then used to investigate the association between parental absence and adult weight status.

Results

Parental absence that occurred before the age of 3 was marginally significantly associated with underweight (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95, 2.20) but not with overweight/obesity. Parental divorce was associated with overweight/obesity (RRR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.28, 4.81), but not parental absence due to migratory work.

Conclusions

While previous studies in Western settings focused almost exclusively on the risk of obesity in relation to exposure to ACEs, our findings point to the potential importance of considering the risk of underweight in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Exploring radiogrammetry beyond the second metacarpal: Using the third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals to quantify cortical bone
Authors: Schneider Maris A. , Gilmour Rebecca J.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Traditional metacarpal radiogrammetry, a method for quantifying cortical bone in metacarpals to identify bone loss, typically relies on the presence of an unaltered or undamaged second metacarpal. This study compares the cortical indices of the second to the third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals to test if an additional metacarpal can be used as substitute when the second metacarpal is not available for study.

Methods

Hand and wrist radiographs from the Burlington Growth Study, belonging to 56 individuals (28 females; 28 males) between 18 and 20 years old, were included in this study. Cortical indices were calculated for metacarpals two through five. Cortical index differences were statistically compared by sex, and the second metacarpal cortical indices were correlated with those of the third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals.

Results

The third, fourth, and fifth metacarpal cortical indices were all significantly correlated with the second metacarpal cortical indices for both females and males (p < .05). Cortical indices of the second metacarpal were most strongly correlated with those of the third metacarpal (females r = .644, p < .001; males r = .643, p < .001).

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that the third, fourth, or fifth metacarpal may serve as substitutes for cortical index analyses when the second metacarpal is unavailable or unsuitable for analysis. While the second metacarpal should remain the primary choice in radiogrammetry analyses, the third metacarpal is the most suitable alternative for quantitative analyses of cortical bone.
Interstitial microdeletions of 3q26.2q26.31 in two patients with neurodevelopmental delay and distinctive features
Authors: Tamura Takeaki , Yamamoto Shimojima Keiko , Shiihara Takashi , Sakazume Satoru , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Yagasaki Hiroshi , Morioka Ichiro , Kanno Hitoshi , Yamamoto Toshiyuki
Published: November 2022

Interstitial microdeletions in the long arm of chromosome 3 are rare. In this study, we identified two patients with approximately 5‐Mb overlapping deletions in the 3q26.2q26.31 region. Both patients showed neurodevelopmental delays, congenital heart defects, and distinctive facial features. One of them showed growth deficiency and brain abnormalities, as shown on a magnetic resonance imaging scan. Haploinsufficiency of NLGN1 and FNDC3B present in the common deletion region was considered to be responsible for neurodevelopmental delay and the distinctive features, respectively. The possibility of unmasked variants in PLD1 was considered and analyzed, but no possible pathogenic variant was found, and the mechanism of the congenital heart defects observed in the patients is unknown. Because 3q26.2q26.31 deletions are rare, more information is required to establish genotype–phenotype correlations associated with microdeletions in this region.
Tailored Tolane‐Perfluorotolane Assembly as Supramolecular Base Pair Replacement in DNA
Authors: Neitz Hermann , Bessi Irene , Kachler Valentin , Michel Manuela , Höbartner Claudia
Published: November 2022

Arene‐fluoroarene interactions offer outstanding possibilities for engineering of supramolecular systems, including nucleic acids. Here, we implement the tolane‐perfluorotolane interaction as base pair replacement in DNA. Tolane (THH) and perfluorotolane (TFF) moieties were connected to acyclic backbone units, comprising glycol nucleic acid (GNA) or butyl nucleic acid (BuNA) building blocks, that were incorporated via phosphoramidite chemistry at opposite positions in a DNA duplex. Thermodynamic analyses by UV thermal melting revealed a compelling stabilization by THH/TFF heteropairs only when connected to the BuNA backbone, but not with the shorter GNA linker. Detailed NMR studies confirmed the preference of the BuNA backbone for enhanced polar π‐stacking. This work defines how orthogonal supramolecular interactions can be tailored by small constitutional changes in the DNA backbone, and it inspires future studies of arene‐fluoroarene‐programmed assembly of DNA.
Unusual Changes of C−H Bond Lengths in Chiral Zinc Complexes Induced by Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Elakkat Vijayanath , Tessema Eskedar , Lin Chia‐Her , Wang Xiaoping , Chang Huan‐Cheng , Zheng You‐Ning , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Gurumallappa  , Zhang Zhong‐Yun , Long Chan Ka , Rahayu Hening A. , Francisco Joseph S. , Lu Norman
Published: November 2022

In order to better understand the effect of non‐covalent weak interactions on molecules, we have explored a variety of weak interactions, such as improper H‐bonding (HB), tetrel bonds (TBs) and halogen bonds, in fluorinated chiral zinc complexes. High resolution neutron diffraction studies revealed a methylene carbon‐hydrogen bond elongation and shortening due to TB and improper HB interactions, respectively. To show the accumulative effects of multiple weak interactions on the C−H bond, three types of tetrel bonds have been carefully examined. We have also shown how C−H bond elongation can be easily offset by forming an improper HB with the H atom from this C−H bond. Non‐covalent interaction and electrostatic potential analysis investigations have been used to affirm the nature of the interactions based on density functional theory (DFT) and other related calculations.
Imine‐linked covalent organic frameworks coordinated with nickel for ethylene oligomerization
Authors: Guo Lijun , Gao Yuxin , Huang Jin , Xue Jingqi , Li Feng , Li Cuiqin
Published: November 2022

The functionalized covalent organic framework materials play an important role in catalytic application. A convenient tactic is developed to design and synthesize an imine‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) material (COF‐PD) with abundant nitrogen atoms, which can provide coordination active site and facilitate the incorporation of COFs with nickel ions. Nickel‐coordinated COF‐PD complex (COF‐PD‐Ni) is prepared and used in ethylene oligomerization. COF‐PD‐Ni displays the highest catalytic activity of 1.98 × 105 g/(mol·Ni·h) in ethylene oligomerization with MAO as co‐catalyst and cyclohexane as solvent. Various reaction parameters including reaction temperature, time, solvent, and the amount of cocatalyst are evaluated in detail, dramatically impacting the catalytic activities as well as the distribution of the products. What is more, the effect of COFs structure on the catalytic performance is also studied, suggesting more coordination sites were more important for high activity.
‘A human values issue’: Actors, arguments, and regulatory change in the Florida land‐based shark fishery
Authors: Wester Julia , Turffs Dylann , Shiffman David , Macdonald Catherine
Published: November 2022

Recreational shark fisheries have been the subject of recent public attention because of the possible impacts on shark populations and conflicts between stakeholders.

A case study is presented based on discussions that took place in summer 2018 about potential changes to policies regulating recreational land‐based shark fishing in Florida. Comments from public meetings and workshops (totalling 15.8 hours) and online comments (1,050) submitted to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) were analysed using the lens of actor–network theory.

The case study explores the intersection of conflicting stakeholder interests and types of knowledge, including how stakeholders variously defined the problem of user conflict in a coastal public space, and how they aligned themselves in relation to the problem and to each other. It further illustrates how shifting values and norms can intersect with changing technologies and environmental realities to produce new or increasing conflicts between natural resource user groups.

This study underlines the importance and potential benefits of regulatory agencies explicitly and transparently engaging with value trade‐offs when managing conflicts among users of natural resources.
A review and future avenues for psychological ownership in consumer research
Authors: Peck Joann , Luangrath Andrea W.
Published: November 2022

Research on psychological ownership is prevalent in the consumer domain. This article details the theoretical core of psychological ownership, integrating research in consumer psychology and marketing. The underlying motivations behind psychological ownership are also considered as well as the antecedents and consequences of feeling ownership. This article discusses how consumers signal and infer a sense of ownership, acknowledging that the characteristics of the target of ownership vary greatly to include physical targets as well as those that are intangible. Research is discussed on the lifecycle of ownership considering the formation, perception, and eventual dissolution of psychological ownership. The authors note various avenues for future research in psychological ownership with the aim to spur research in consumer psychology and feelings of ownership.