bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Physiological Parameters of Filler Crops Intercropped under Rubber Plantation
Authors: Swarna Priya R.
Published: March 2022

Cut foliage’s assume a significant place in domestic and international flower markets and it make up a prime section of floral industry as fillers. Cut foliages are being used in large quantities for floral decoration either on its own or in association with flowers in bouquets and flower arrangements. Most of these are shade loving and so they are suitable for intercropping in rubber plantations under shade. In this study a total of nine species where intercropped in rubber plantations. The experiment was laid down in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The physiological parameters of filler crops were analysed. It was found that the species Dypsis lutesence exhibited highest leaf area (188.4cm2/plant), leaf area index (0.0232), Absolute Growth Rate (0.41 g/day) and Crop Growth Rate (g/m2/day) whereas the total chlorophyll content was found to be the highest (1.77 mg/g leaf tissue) in Dracaena fragrans cv. massangeana.
Influence of Sowing Time on the Quality and Micronutrient Contents of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)
Authors: . Aashu , Solanki Y. P. S. , Phougat Divya , Barpanda Tanya
Published: March 2022

Background: Wheat is a staple crop that feeds millions of people, but its productivity is significantly reduced under high temperatures. Maintaining grain quality under climate change is critical for human nutrition, end - use functional properties and commodity value. The current study aimed at assessing the quality and micronutrient contents under two environments for variability, correlation and path analysis.

Research Methodology: The research was carried in the experimental area of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar during 2019-20. The assessement was done for 48 wheat genotypes under two temperature levels (timely and late sown environment) in RBD design with three replications.

Results: Heat stress caused a significant reduction in grain yield, grain appearance score, hectoliter weight, sedimentation value, iron and zinc content whereas an increase in crude protein, total gluten content, wet gluten content, total soluble sugar. In the present study, total soluble sugar, wet gluten content, total gluten content showed highest values of variability, heritability, genetic advance as % of mean and thus are the most important quantitative traits to be taken into consideration for effective selection. A positive correlation was seen between grain yield and hectoliter weight in timely sown environment. Path analysis revealed highest positive direct effect for hectoliter weight and sedimentation value in timely sown condition while sedimentation value and iron content for late sown environment and thus in the process of selection much attention should be given to them as these characters are helpful for indirect selection.

Conclusion: A negative association between high yield and good quality should be an important target for the next breeding efforts or to determine a quality parameter that performs consistently in both environments.
Integrated Farming is an Effective Multiple Water use System to Enhance the Livelihood Security of Small and Marginal Farmers: A Review
Authors: Manivannan S. , Thilagam V. Kasthuri
Published: March 2022

The agriculture sector faces numerous challenges like increasing population, decreasing per capita land, fragmented land holdings, land degradation and climate change in 21st Century. The downtrend of per capita land availability poses a severe threat to the sustainability and profitability of agriculture. This issue is severe for small and marginal farmers as they face many problems sustaining single farm enterprises. The global assessment on water scarcity indicates that about 66 % of the global population live under severe water scarcity conditions. Increasing land and water productivity for enhancing livelihood security of rural poor is the challenge for various stakeholders of agriculture and allied sectors. Larger numbers of integrated farming system models have been developed and demonstrated across the globe. In most cases, integrated farming systems combine crops and livestock components. However, water component is rarely included in a few integrated farming system models and needs to be upscaled its research and demonstration on a larger scale. Hence, it is the right time to review the existing integrated farming system models and analyze the research gap on multiple water-use integrated farming systems to derive a future road map. This systematic review analyzed all available integrated farming systems' prospects and retrospects and their impacts on production and productivity. The reviews proved that crop and livestock based integrated farming systems are outperforming and enhancing farmers income, employment opportunities and fulfilling the family's nutritional requirements by optimizing the farm's resources. However, the role of harvested water and its effect on the integrated farming system is rarely studied. Hence, the research on multiple water use based integrated farming systems needs to be developed and demonstrated in all agro-ecological regions of different countries. The water productivity functions for multiple water use-based integrated farming systems need to be derived and tested to understand the role of harvested water in multiple water use scenarios.
Serum Calcium, Vitamin D3 and Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Nigerian Children Treated with Antiepileptic Drugs: A Comparative Study
Authors: Chidinma Chukwumerije , Enameguolo Yarhere Iroro , Achinike Daniel Alikor Edward
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim of the Study: Studies have shown that serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, calcium and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) are altered in children on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and these could result in poor bone mineralization. The study aimed to determine the serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, calcium, and B-ALP levels among children on AEDs attending the paediatric neurology clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH).

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from January 2018 to April 2019 on 100 children on AEDs and 100 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, aged 1.5 - 17 years. Data on socio-demography, AED regimen, and clinical examination findings of the subjects, their serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, calcium, and B-ALP levels were obtained and entered into a proforma. Data obtained were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20.  Statistical significance was set at p-value of < 0.05.

Results: The subjects had significantly lower mean serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium and higher mean serum B-ALP levels than the controls, respectively. The mean serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was significantly lower in children on AED polytherapy. There was negative correlation between the duration of drug therapy and all serum biochemical indices but this was only significant for serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level (p = 0.027). Age significantly impacted negatively on serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, p = 0.036 and calcium levels, p = 0.009, but not on B-ALP (p = 0.392).

Conclusion: Children on antiepileptic drugs in UPTH had lower mean serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium levels but higher mean serum BALP level than healthy controls, as well as inverse relationship between duration of AED therapy and 25, hydroxycholecalciferol, calcium and B-ALP. We therefore recommend children with epilepsy on antiepileptic drugs have their serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, calcium and B-ALP levels monitored to enable early detection of any abnormalities.
A Case Study of Oxcarbazepine-induced Stevens-johnson Syndrome
Authors: Shubbar Imad , ALakkad Ashraf , Aziz Majid , Shtawi Mouayad Al
Published: March 2022

Background:  Stevens–Johnson syndrome is a rare potentially fatal disorder characterized by mucosal membrane erosions, bullous skin lesions and epidermal detachment.

Objective: This case report discusses a case of a patient who developed seizures and macular rashes as a result of Stevens–Johnson syndrome induced by oxcarbazepine.

Case presentation: An eight-year-old girl was admitted to hospital with complaints of seizure episodes that occurred during sleep, characterized by drooling, jerky stiff upper limbs, throat sounds, and blue lips. Patient was born with severe intrauterine growth retardation and microcephaly and was diagnosed with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV). EEG results confirmed that focal epilepsy was the underlying cause of seizures. The patient was given oxcarbazepine as an anticonvulsant medication after confirming epilepsy diagnosis.  However, after two weeks of treatment, patient developed rashes and skin lesions all over her body except hands. These skin lesions and rashes were red and tan in color, swollen, itchy, scaly, dry, popular, macular and patchy. The skin detachment was less than 10% of BSA (body surface area). The Naranjo algorithm was used to check the probability of a drug reaction and through the WHO-UMC criteria for causality, it was decided that oxcarbazepine induced the syndrome. Hence, patient was diagnosed as a case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Conclusion:Stevens–Johnson syndrome is a rare condition that can cause rashes and epidermal detachment. It can be caused by adverse effects of medications; however, exact pathogenesis is unknown. Therefore, studies on large number of patients are required to understand the pathogenesis of oxcarbazepine-induced SJS.
Ivabradine-Management of Heart Failure (Systematic Review)
Authors: Antoliková N. Rozman , Pasztorova J. , Roháľová J. , Gažová A. , Valašková S. , Šalingová B. , Kyselovic J.
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To assess the clinical effect of ivabradine on coronary artery disease and heart failure compared with placebo or standard care via clinical trials or meta-analysis.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis - searches of electronic databases from 2003 to 2018.

Data Extraction: Study results relating to benefit, risk and uses of ivabradine were extracted with individually meta-analysis or clinical trials.

Results: The primary analysis included 1413 records (keyword – ivabradine), of which 53 clinical studies were separated using the PRISMA-flow diagram with the following conclusion. The drug ivabradine has a positive effect on heart rate reduction in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. The health status of patients treated by ivabradine is generally better compared to patients with a placebo. Across the analysed trials, placebo, β-blockers, amlodipine or ranolazine were commonly used as control drugs in the control group. Ivabradine has been generally used as a replacement β-blockers in patients suffering from side effects. However, the effect of ivabradine is manifested only in patients with high heart rate (≥70/min.) and left ventricular dysfunction. We showed that ivabradine treatment is associated with an increased risk of the atrial fibrillation (AF), and the side effect is substantially more common than 1:10 000, presently reported in the product specification. This extent of AF incidence has not been previously reported in clinical trials.

Conclusion: Ivabradine treatment improved cardiopulmonary function and increased the exercise capacity patients with chronic heart failure. Ivabradine reduced mortality and hospitalization risk and improved the quality of life. Ivabradine appears to show better efficacy in comparison with β-blockers treatment, but this finding requires further study and clinical trials.
Validation of the Protoplanetary Theory of Solar System Formation
Authors: Herndon J. Marvin
Published: March 2022

Kant’s 1755 hypothesis on the origin of the sun and planets, as modified by Laplace, foreshadowed the modern protoplanetary theory of planet formation in which planets were thought to form at very high pressures from within giant gaseous protoplanets. The protoplanetary theory was popular in the 1940s and 1950s, but was abandoned and ignored by phenomenological model-makers in the early 1960s who favored the planetesimal theory, the idea that planets formed by the progressive accumulation of dust that had condensed at very low pressures. Here, I validated the protoplanetary theory by:

Thermodynamic considerations;

Observations of internal magnetic field generation;

Observations of Mercury; and,

Observations of Earth’s behavior.

Although the planetesimal theory did not account for solar system formation, some of its elements added a veneer of oxidized material to the outer portions of Earth, especially oxidized iron which is critical for the development of life.
Knowledge about Complication of Congenital Hypothyroidism among Parents in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Qahtani Mohammed Mesfer Al , Alanazi Abdulmajeed Samry Hassan , Al-serhan Saeed Ali , Alshehri Faisal Mohammed Abdullah , Al-shahrani Khaled Mesfer Safar , Sabrah Gaith Abdullah , Al-Shahrani Abdullah Mohammed , Faya Mohammad Abdurrahman
Published: March 2022

Background: A lack of thyroid hormone present at birth is described as Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH). A difficulty with thyroid development or thyroid hormone production (dysgenesis) is most frequent in thyroid birth hormone insufficiency. It is one of the main causes of avoidable mental delay in infants This study aims to assess knowledge and awareness of Saudi parents towards complication of congenital hypothyroidism in Aseer region, KSA.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted of general population of Aseer region. Data was collected by means of online questionnaire distributed online to be self-filled by parents. The study included 1086 participants. The collected data was entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) version 23. Descriptive statistics was performed.

Results: All participants were from Aseer region, 39.5% of participants reported consanguinity between parents, 34.5% of all participants had heard of CH. 18.2% identified iodine deficiency during pregnancy as risk factor for CH. 22.6% identified excessive sleeping, 15.2% jaundice and 16% facial swelling. 60.2% did not know CH complications while 22.1% reported poor growth, resulting in short stature as a complication, followed by 14.4% Goiter, 14.1% delayed puberty, 13.5% mental retardation, 12.9% osteoporosis, 9.9% heart defects, and 4.6% bone fractures. 11.9% of all participants identified optimal time to start treatment to prevent complications as the first two weeks of the baby's life

Conclusion: Parental knowledge of congenital hypothyroidism in Aseer is relatively unsatisfactory. Health campaigns and conferences to raise awareness is necessary looking to catastrophic complications caused by delayed diagnosis and management of the disease.
Effect of Enzymatic Changes in Vitamin D Combination with LIV-52 on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Disease in Wistar Rats
Authors: Ponnazhagan K. , Sampson Ursula , Muninathan N. , Pratheeba J. , Kumar B. Sumanth , Jaiganesh I.
Published: March 2022

Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of enzymatic changes in vitamin D combination with Liv-52 on CCl4 induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats. 

Background: The central organ of liver plays an essential vital role in the metabolism, and the liver is called as the metabolic “engine-room of the body”. Therefore, to maintain a healthy liver is a crucial factor for overall health and well being. The liver is the central organ for pharmaceutical drug or chemicals and xenobiotic detoxification metabolism, which regulates most of medication and xenobiotic-related toxic activity. High metabolic and synthetic activity in this organ is an important place for the generation of free radicals.

Materials and Methods: Adult male Albino Wistar rats weighing 150-250g were used in this study. The rats were split into six groups, each consisted of six rats. CCl4 were admitted  two days in a week for five weeks.   Liver disease associated animals were treated with Vitamin D and Liv-52 for 5 weeks.

Results: The levels of AST, ALT, ALP, γ-GT, and AFP were significantly reduced in vitamin D, and Liv-52 treated animals when compared with CCl4 induced animals. Moreover, the levels of Vitamin D and Liv-52, a good indicator of restoring the liver architecture, were also reversed in the damage after treatment.

Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the combination drugs were more hepatoprotective effect when compared with the individual.
Comparative Evaluation of Macintosh and Airtraq Laryngoscopes for Laryngeal View during Endotracheal Intubation: A Study Protocol
Authors: Bhardwaj Yatharth , Singam Amol
Published: March 2022

Background: Intubating trachea is a routine procedure for anaesthesiologists, but during surgeries, protecting the airway remains a challenge. Intubation failure in anaesthetic and emergency cases remains a big cause of mortality and morbidity. The Macintosh laryngoscope remains most widely used of various inventions and numerous advancements in the airway used for endotracheal intubation. Airtraq laryngoscope is a novel video laryngoscope which aids the procedure for intubation of patients with difficult or normal airways. Airtraq blade curvature and the precise internal arrangement of the optical components are made in such a way that enables visualization of the glottic field with minimal manipulation of the pharyngeal, oral and tracheal axis. This study aims to compare Airtraq and Macintosh Laryngoscope for Laryngeal view.

Methods: This will be a prospective comparative randomised study that will include total 80 patients. Patients posted for surgery under general anaesthesia will be randomized into two groups (i.e. 40 in each groups): Group M-E patients will be intubated with Macintosh Endotracheal Intubation whereas Group A-E patients will be intubated with Airtraq Endotracheal Intubation. Patients will be evaluated for Ease of intubation, duration of induction, successful number of attempts and hemodynamic parameters. Data will be compiled and analysed with appropriate statistical programme.

Expected Results: Significant results are expected to support that, Airtraq can be secured easily and with lesser number of attempts compared to Macintosh and duration of insertion is less.

Conclusion: Intubation with Airtraq is easier in relation to intubation ease and duration compared to Macintosh with less post-operative complications.
Comparative Evaluation of Syndicate with Conventional Method of Case Discussion by the Post Graduates from Dept. of Orthodontics
Authors: Daigavane Pallavi , Dangore Suwarna , Ingole Abhishek , Pathak Swanand , Durge Khushboo , Niranjane Priyanka
Published: March 2022

Background: Basics of every aspect must be know thoroughly to JR1 with active participation during the discussion to understand any case. Active participation is must irrespective of the syllabus distributed for the PG in the syllabus as per the DCI guidelines. The cognitive knowledge, clinically for any case should not be year specific based on the syllabus, but, a collective and collaborative foundation of understanding. So to reframe the methodology of and to make the case discussion more effective, a study was planned.

Study design: Cross- sectional observational

Methodology:  the following study will be conducted with the JR of dept of orthodontics SPDC, For comparison between the conventional and syndicate case discussion, the conventional case discussion will be entitled as Group I; while syndicate case discussion will be entitles as group II. They will be asked to present the case as per the suggested syllabus recommended by the DCI for each academic year respectively. Pre-test and post-test feedback will be taken after each presentation. Also, perception form the faulty as well as the post graduates will be taken after each presentation.

Expected Outcome: the detailed case discussion from the etiology and treatment modality to the retention phase can help the JRI to understand the basics of any case. The feedback and posttest of the syndicate format might be a better way to present as compared to the conventional method.

Conclusion: The syndicate case discussion is a better way to understand any case from the initial stage to the last stage of retention with inclusion of all the JR in the presentation of a case.
Evaluation of Oral Health and Associated Factors in Patients with Various Psychiatric Disorders in Indian Population
Authors: Kakde Kadambari Vivek , Dahane Trupti Madhav , Bhoyar Anjali
Published: March 2022

Background: In addition to physically healthy living, mental health is equally important. It affects people from all walks of life and occurs at all socioeconomic levels. The number of people suffering from mental disorders worldwide is estimated to be approximately 450 million. Every individual should understand that poor oral health affects general health regardless of the cause.

Objectives: This study is designed to assess the oral health status of patients with a range of psychiatric problems in the Indian population and to find out the correlation of oral health and related constituents in these patients.

Methodology: Patients visiting the outpatient department of the hospital (AVBRH,Wardha) diagnosed with any of the psychiatric disorders will be evaluated. Extra oral and intraoral assessments will be performed and information will be recorded. Statistics will be analysed using the ANOVA test.

Results: There might be correlation between oral health and associated factors in the various psychiatric disorders.

Conclusion: A non-discriminatory guideline which addresses the needs of these patients irrespective of their illness, financial state, and other restrictions is required. Provisions can be made so that oral health need assessment of these patients is included in general health assessment. Health promotion programs could be created in collaboration with health, social and voluntary organizations. Early attention with a multidisciplinary team is the goal.
Comparative Evaluation of the Forces Produced by Tongue on Circummaxillary Sutures in Skeletal Class-III Malocclusion with Maxillary Hypoplasia Using Tongue Crib with that of Facemask Therapy: A FEM Study
Authors: Mathew Jeni Ann , Kamble Ranjit H. , Shrivastava Sunita S. , Nerurkar Sumukh
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The tongue exerts its force during swallowing, while it rests behind the crib. Magnitude of forces tongue exerts through tongue crib at various sutures, its implication in various grades of maxillary hypoplasia in Class III malocclusion is not provided in literature. The rationale of this study is to investigate stress distributions in the sutures of craniofacial region produced by forces applied by tongue through tongue crib in comparison with facemask therapy in Class III malocclusion with maxillary hypoplasia in maxillary protraction.

Objectives: The rationale of this study was to compare forces generated by tongue through tongue crib and facemask therapy in Class III malocclusion with maxillary hypoplasia in child of pubertal age group.

Methodology: Finite element model of skull would be generated and simulation of tongue crib and facemask therapy would be done and stresses would be studied at various sutures. Quantitative analysis is done by elucidating values of finite element analysis.

Expected Results: The forces produced by tongue on circummaxillary sutures in skeletal Class III malocclusion with maxillary hypoplasia using tongue crib with that of facemask therapy would be substantial.

Conclusion: Stress distribution produced by protraction forces exerted by tongue through tongue crib in comparison with facemask therapy in Class III malocclusion with maxillary hypoplasia would be studied through finite element analysis to promote growth in maxilla.
Evaluation of Effect of Incorporating 0.5% Chloramine-T as Disinfectant in Type III Gypsum Product on its Setting Time and Abrasion Resistance
Authors: Gujjelwar Smruti , Dhamande Mithilesh , (Kambala) Seema Sathe
Published: March 2022

Background: Disinfection of dental cast is very important because it can cause cross-infection from patients to clinicians and lab personnel. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of addition of 0.5% of chloramine-T as disinfectant in type III gypsum product on its setting time and abrasion resistance. 

Objectives: 1. To evaluate the effect of Chloramine-T on setting time of type III gypsum product. 2.To evaluate the effect of Chloramine-T on abrasion resistance of type III gypsum product. 3. To compare the mentioned properties with control group of type III gypsum product without Chloramine-T.

Methodology: This is an invitro study, sample size is 140. We will be testing for setting time with the help of Vicat needle apparatus and abrasion resistance will be tested with the help of two body wear testing apparatus. This study will be conducted under 4 groups: Group1- Control group for setting time, Group2- Experimental group for setting time, Group3- Control group for abrasion resistance, Group 4- Experimental group for abrasion resistance.

Expected Result: It is expected that this study would result in forming a type III gypsum product incorporated with Chloramine-T, thus eliminating the need for any additional steps for disinfecting casts and ultimately preventing cross-infection.

Conclusion: Incorporating Chloramine-T can be an efficient method of disinfecting gypsum without adversely affecting the product's mechanical and physical properties.
A Report of Two Rare Cases of Palatal Tremors
Authors: Gnanadeepan T. , Vrinda V. , Mayilananthi K. , Krishnan Durga , Narayan V. S. Gaurav
Published: March 2022

Palatal tremor (PT), also known as palatal myoclonus (PM) is a very rare neurological phenomenon, manifesting as rhythmic movements of the soft palate which is hypothesized to occur either due to a lesion in the inferior olivary nucleus, or in an idiopathic manner. Prevalence data of the disease are lacking. Only a few hundred cases have been reported so far. Here we present two cases of palatal tremor, who presented to our tertiary care centre for unrelated symptoms. The first case was a 56 year old gentleman, who was incidentally found to have palatal tremor. Further investigation revealed a posterior circulation stroke involving the left cerebellar hemisphere and cerebellar peduncle. The second case, a 35 year old female, presented with an upper respiratory tract infection, and was discovered to have palatal tremor on routine examination. The cause was attributed to her history of surgical removal of a left cerebellar cyst five years ago.
Estimating the Correlation between Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Study Protocol
Authors: Pendam Meghana , Madke Bhushan
Published: March 2022

Background:  Chronic spontaneous urticaria is thought to occur due to the patient's predilection to produce self-reactions. Urticaria contributes to loss of sleep, anxiety, depression, lack of motivation and social isolation, which may contribute to a substantial decrease in the patient's quality of life. Chronic spontaneous urticaria is unpredictable and can impair the patient's usual everyday activities. Autoimmune thyroid disorders are as a consequence of immune system dysregulation, that results in a thyroid invasion. A relationship between Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders is related to the duration and severity of the disease. Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria is associated with the presence of antithyroid antibodies. This study aims to analyze the changes in Patients detected with T3, T4, TSH and anti-TPO of chronic spontaneous urticaria, in contrast to normal healthy individuals and patients with other skin diseases which do not have abnormal thyroid etiopathogenesis.

Materials and Methods:  This will be a Case Control study conducted at Department of Dermatology, AVBRH, Sawangi, Wardha.  Patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria will be subjected to a thorough clinical review and will be scored based on urticaria severity scoring. To test for autoimmune thyroid disease, the levels of T3, T4, TSH and anti-TPO antibodies will be  traced. Data will be collected and analysed with appropriate statistical tests.

Expected Results: Statistical correlation between chronic spontaneous urticaria and  autoimmune thyroid disorders which can aid in the early detection and arrest of progression of autoimmune thyroid disorders in chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Conclusion: Preventive steps toward patient management can be taken with this analysis in chronic spontaneous urticaria, in patients with deranged parameters for the T3, T4, TSH and ANTI – TPO.
Knowledge and Applicational Arsenic Poisoning among Dental Students: A Survey
Authors: Karthikeyan Gayathri , Rakshagan V. , Jeevitha M. , Jeyaraman Selvaraj
Published: March 2022

Arsenic pollution of groundwater has far-reaching implications, including consumption through the food chain, which manifests as social problems, health dangers, and socioeconomic breakdown, as well as sprawling with mobility and groundwater mining. Food crops grown with arsenic-affected water are marketed to other locations, including uncontaminated areas where residents may be exposed to arsenic via the contaminated food. This could result in the emergence of a new threat.
Phytochemical Investigation and Determination of Total Phenols, Flavonoid and Alkaloid Concentration in Leaves Extract of Miliusa tomentosa
Authors: Shukla Nikhil Brijendra Kumar , Sharma Neeraj , Jain Shailesh
Published: March 2022

The genus Miliusa (Annonaceae) has over 60 species that are native to India, Bhutan, Australia, and New Guinea, but are mostly found in numerous Asian nations such as Vietnam, Thailand, and China. The growing interest in secondary metabolites' potent biological action highlighted the need of assessing their presence in therapeutic plants. Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) J. Sinclair (Annonaceae, M. tomentosa) is also known as hoom, kari. It is a huge deciduous tree that may reach a height of 20 metres. The bark is a dark brown. The leaves are thick leathery, ovate, oblong, 4-10 cm long, 2-5.5 cm broad, smooth above, gently hairy below, base rounded, border whole, tip pointy, and the leaf-stalk is 2-5 mm long. They are burned, and the smoke is allowed to travel over the baby's body after birth to minimise swelling. In the summer, children are fed fruits to help them recover from their frailty. The current study's goal is to look at the phytochemical profile of M. tomentosa leaf. The well-known test procedure available in the literature was used to determine the qualitative analysis of various phytochemical elements as well as the quantitative analysis of total phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The phenolic and flavonoids were quantified using the Folins Ciocalteau reagent technique and the aluminium chloride method, respectively. The presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, carbohydrates, and saponins was discovered by phytochemical study. The present study concluded that the crude extract of M. tomentosa is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential. The findings of the present study will be helpful to phytochemists, pharmacologists and pharmaceutical industries.
Formulation and Evaluation of Obeticholic Acid Solid Dispersion Tablet
Authors: Avhad Pawan S. , Gupta Revathi
Published: March 2022

Obeticholic acid is a farnoside X receptor agonist that was recently licenced by the US Food and Drug Administration. In a solvent, solubility is lower, therefore it is necessary to improve solubility. Solid dispersion is one of the most effective methods for increasing Obeticholic acid's solubility. Solid dispersion can be prepared in a variety of ways. Fusion (Hot Melting) is one of the most straightforward and cost-effective methods for producing solid dispersion. Poloxamer is one of the finest polymers for solid dispersion production. Poloxamer 188 and Poloxamer 407 are widely accessible. Above solid dispersion is made using the fusion or hot melting procedure. The solubility of the prepared solid dispersion has increased to 0.347 mg/ml. In comparison to the polymer combination, which has a drug release rate of 99.63 percent, the percent drug release is also superior. Precompression settings were found to be within a reasonable range. Post compression parameters such as Hardness, Friability, Uniformity of weight, content uniformity are in standard range. F7 formulation shows 99.63 ± 0.19 in 60 minutes of time. Phosphate buffer 7.4 is used for dissolution test apparatus. All result parameter shows that prepared solid dispersion of Obeticholic acid by using poloxamer gives improved solubility and increased drug release.
A Study of Controlled Release of Nano Particle Liquid Medicated Formulation using the RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Norethindrone into Dissolution Media
Authors: Aster G. Lino Steffy , Aanandhi M. Vijey , Chandran S. Rama
Published: March 2022

The determination of norethindrone can be done using a variety of approaches. Both sophisticated and validation strategies are included in this technique. The purpose of this research was to improve and test a smooth overturned segment-excessive standard performance liquid chromatographic technique for assessing norethindrone in dissolution media. The column is a C18 column from Thermo Scientific (250 mm x 4.6mm ID, 5m length). Deionized water, acetonitrile (50:50, v/v), and 5 ml/l acetic acid was made up with the cellular phase. The detecting wavelength was changed to 245 nm and the glide rate was changed to 1.3 ml/minute. The basic approach that was utilised was to investigate norethindrone release from a nanoparticle liquid medication device (LMF). The results showed that the procedure has become easy, precise, and particular.
The Effect of Different Genres of Music on Blood Pressure among Different Age Groups
Authors: Sekhar Pavithra , Priya A. Jothi , Devi R. Gayatri
Published: March 2022

Many people listen to music during their day to day activities. Music is a combination of frequency, beat, density, tone, rhythm, repetition, loudness and lyrics. When we listen to fast beat music we get excited and slow beat music makes us to relax.There are different genres of music like rock, hip hop, pop ,classical, country, fazzy and these types of music has effect on blood pressure.The aim of the study is to know whether different types of music has effect on blood pressure or not. For this a cross sectional survey was conducted. This survey consisted of a self structured questionnaire. The sample size used for the study is 101. This standard questionnaire has been prepared and uploaded in google forms and circulated among the population, all the data were collected and the data has been analysed by using chi square analysis using the software IBM SPSS. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of different genres of music on blood pressure among the different age groups.
Comparative Evaluation of Crestal Bone Loss around Compression Screw Implants Placed in Healed Sites and Freshly Extracted Sockets
Authors: Rao M. V. Ramoji , Shah Nirav R. , Manthena Sathish , Doppalapudi Divya Ramani , Koneru Suneetha , P. Lakshmi Preethi , Anumolu Venkata Naga Sri Harsha , Bikkina Akhila
Published: March 2022

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate crestal bone loss around immediate loading compression screw implants.

Study Design: A Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Method: In this randomized study, 15 subjects with 30 edentulous sites in the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions (incisors and canines) willing for replacement were taken into consideration. A total of 14 implants were placed in healed sites and 16 implants were placed in freshly extracted sockets and immediately loaded in both groups. Provisional restoration was delivered on the same day of implant placement. Crestal bone loss was evaluated at baseline (immediately after implant placement), 1 month, and 4 months. The final prosthetic restoration was delivered after 4 months following implant placement.

Results: No statistically significant difference for crestal bone loss was observed between delayed and immediate implant placement at 4 months interval.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, immediate placement of one-piece implant produced crestal bone loss comparable to delayed placement. The unique design of a one-piece implants eliminates the fixture abutment interface (microgap) and resembles the natural tooth with a seamless transition of the radicular unit to the coronal unit. Therefore, in the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions, one-piece implants with immediate loading can be considered as a viable solution for the replacement of missing teeth with better esthetics.
Dialysis and Its Management in Younger Age Children in Pakistan
Authors: Amjad Hira , Sharif Ifrah , Fatima Eisha
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Pakistan is an agricultural nation that misses the mark on basic foundation to help ideal consideration of patients with ongoing kidney infection (CKD) and end-stage kidney sickness (ESKD).

Objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyze the dialysis and its management in younger age children in Pakistan.

Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore during 2021. There were 40 children who was chosen for this review. The mean dialysis term was 2.18±1.36 years (range: 1-7 years). All patients were on dietary protein limitation, 1 g/kg body weight each day.

Results: We collected all the demographic data of patients. The data was collected from 200 participants (from OPD, medical wards, dialysis center and kidney transplant OPD). The analysis of the demographic data found reveals the following results regarding age, sex, educational and marital status of the respondents: The mean (SD) age of the participants is 43.95 (1.68) years among the participants.

Conclusion: The commonness of CKD would have been a lot higher than the outcome got by this review, had the exploration utilized current degree of creatinine.
Duration of Postoperative Analgesia with Intravenous Nalbuphine versus Intravenous Butorphanol in Patients Undergoing Short Surgical Procedures under TIVA
Authors: Ninave Sanjot , Ninave Sudhir , Shiras P. , Chaudhari Neeta , Chandak Aruna , Chandak Vijay
Published: March 2022

Aims and Objectives: To compare the duration of post operative analgesia of nalbuphine 0.3 mg/kg IV and butorphanol 0.04 mg/kg IV in patients posted for short surgical procedures under TIVA. Also to observe the sedation score as well as the side effects like nausea, emesis, pruritis, hypotension, respiratory depression.

Materials and Methods: By closed envelope technique, sixty female patients of ASA Class I and II aged 20-60 years, who were posted for short gynaecological surgeries under TIVA were randomly allocated into two groups: Group N (nalbuphine) and Group B (butorphanol). Just prior to surgery, Group N patients got IV Nalbuphine 0.3 mg/kg, while Group B patients received IV Butorphanol 0.04 mg/kg. Patients were asked to rate their pain intensity on a VAS scale in the course of the postoperative period, and the duration of postoperative analgesia was compared between the two groups. The Modified Ramsay sedation scale was exercised to assess sedation at the time of pain complaint, and patients were additionally monitored for 24 hours post the surgery for any adverse or side effects.

Results: In group N, 63.33% of patients had duration of pain relief ranging 31-50 minutes, with mean duration of analgesia being 46.333 ± 2.061. In group B, 60% of patients had duration of pain relief ranging from 11-30 minutes, with mean duration being 19.167± 1.68 minutes. In group N, 63.33% of patients had score for sedation as 3 and rest (36.67%) had a  score for sedation as 2.       In group B, 80% of patients had a score for  sedation as  2 and rest (20%) had a score for sedation as 1.

Conclusion: When compared to IV Butorphanol, intravenous Nalbuphine delivers a more effective post-operative analgesia with better sedation. IV Nalbuphine is recommended for post operative analgesia in patients undergoing short surgical procedures.  Both the drugs did not cause any side effects.
Coherence Tests of Physical Theories
Authors: Comay E.
Published: March 2022

Textbooks show that the low-velocity limit of special relativity is compatible with nonrelativistic mechanics. Analogous relationships hold between general relativity and the Newtonian theory of gravitation, and between quantum mechanics and classical physics. This work shows that this approach can be extended and yield coherence tests of additional theories. It provides a few examples that show the effectiveness of this approach and demonstrate inconsistent points of some mainstream physical ideas. Furthermore, other well-established physical principles can be utilized for this end. Unfortunately, a scientific work that undertakes this assignment can hardly be found in the current mainstream literature. Several cases are discussed in detail. The results show inconsistencies of fundamental standard model theories, such as quantum chromodynamics and the electroweak theory. Inconsistencies are also proved for the Majorana neutrino and the Proca theory of a massive photon.
Pre‐ and post‐treatment blood‐based genomic landscape of patients with ROS1 or NTRK fusion‐positive solid tumours treated with entrectinib
Authors: Dziadziuszko Rafal , Hung Tiffany , Wang Kun , Choeurng Voleak , Drilon Alexander , Doebele Robert C. , Barlesi Fabrice , Wu Charlie , Dennis Lucas , Skoletsky Joel , Woodhouse Ryan , Li Meijuan , Chang Ching‐Wei , Simmons Brian , Riehl Todd , Wilson Timothy R.
Published: March 2022

Genomic tumour profiling informs targeted treatment options. Entrectinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with efficacy in NTRK fusion‐positive (‐fp) solid tumours and ROS1‐fp non‐small cell lung cancer. FoundationOne® Liquid CDx (F1L CDx), a non‐invasive in vitro next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based diagnostic, detects genomic alterations in plasma circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). We evaluated the clinical validity of F1L CDx as an aid in identifying patients with NTRK‐fp or ROS1‐fp tumours and assessed the genomic landscape pre‐ and post‐entrectinib treatment. Among evaluable pre‐treatment clinical samples (N = 85), positive percentage agreements between F1L CDx and clinical trial assays (CTAs) were 47.4% (NTRK fusions) and 64.5% (ROS1 fusions); positive predictive value was 100% for both. The objective response rate for CTA+ F1L CDx+ patients was 72.2% in both cohorts. The median duration of response significantly differed between F1L CDx+ and F1L CDx− samples in ROS1‐fp (5.6 vs. 17.3 months) but not NTRK‐fp (9.2 vs. 12.9 months) patients. Fifteen acquired resistance mutations were detected. We conclude that F1L CDx is a clinically valid complement to tissue‐based testing to identify patients who may benefit from entrectinib and those with acquired resistance mutations associated with disease progression.
The CBI‐R detects early behavioural impairment in genetic frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Nelson Annabel , Russell Lucy L. , Peakman Georgia , Convery Rhian S. , Bouzigues Arabella , Greaves Caroline V. , Bocchetta Martina , Cash David M. , van Swieten John C. , Jiskoot Lize , Moreno Fermin , Sanchez‐Valle Raquel , Laforce Robert , Graff Caroline , Masellis Mario , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Rowe James B. , Borroni Barbara , Finger Elizabeth , Synofzik Matthis , Galimberti Daniela , Vandenberghe Rik , de Mendonça Alexandre , Butler Chris R. , Gerhard Alexander , Ducharme Simon , Le Ber Isabelle , Santana Isabel , Pasquier Florence , Levin Johannes , Otto Markus , Sorbi Sandro , Rohrer Jonathan D. ,   Genetic FTD Initiative (GENFI)
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Behavioural dysfunction is a key feature of genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD) but validated clinical scales measuring behaviour are lacking at present.

Methods

We assessed behaviour using the revised version of the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory (CBI‐R) in 733 participants from the Genetic FTD Initiative study: 466 mutation carriers (195 C9orf72, 76 MAPT, 195 GRN) and 267 non‐mutation carriers (controls). All mutation carriers were stratified according to their global CDR plus NACC FTLD score into three groups: asymptomatic (CDR = 0), prodromal (CDR = 0.5) and symptomatic (CDR = 1+). Mixed‐effects models adjusted for age, education, sex and family clustering were used to compare between the groups. Neuroanatomical correlates of the individual domains were assessed within each genetic group.

Results

CBI‐R total scores were significantly higher in all CDR 1+ mutation carrier groups compared with controls [C9orf72 mean 70.5 (standard deviation 27.8), GRN 56.2 (33.5), MAPT 62.1 (36.9)] as well as their respective CDR 0.5 groups [C9orf72 13.5 (14.4), GRN 13.3 (13.5), MAPT 9.4 (10.4)] and CDR 0 groups [C9orf72 6.0 (7.9), GRN 3.6 (6.0), MAPT 8.5 (13.3)]. The C9orf72 and GRN 0.5 groups scored significantly higher than the controls. The greatest impairment was seen in the Motivation domain for the C9orf72 and GRN symptomatic groups, whilst in the symptomatic MAPTgroup, the highest‐scoring domains were Stereotypic and Motor Behaviours and Memory and Orientation. Neural correlates of each CBI‐R domain largely overlapped across the different mutation carrier groups.

Conclusions

The CBI‐R detects early behavioural change in genetic FTD, suggesting that it could be a useful measure within future clinical trials.
Adaptive tracking control of time‐varying delay switched nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear systems with unknown backlash‐like hysteresis
Authors: Xu Ning , Chen Yun , Xue Anke , Zong Guangdeng , Zhao Xudong
Published: March 2022

In this article, the adaptive tracking control issue is addressed for uncertain switched nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear systems with unknown time‐varying delay and backlash‐like hysteresis under neural networks (NNs) estimation framework. In contrast to most existing results of nonlinear systems with time‐delay, the time‐varying delay we consider depends entirely on the number of switching subsystems. Based on the inherent properties of radial basis function NNs, the nonstrict‐feedback structure is effectively compensated. Meanwhile, with the help of the combination of Razumikhin function method, adaptive backstepping scheme, and dynamic surface control approach, the quadratic common Lyapunov function is established for all subsystems, and then an adaptive common control strategy is developed. For arbitrary switching signals, it is shown that all the signals in the closed‐loop system can be remained bounded and the system output can follow a desired signal under the designed controller. Finally, the validity of the presented strategy is verified via two simulation examples.
Interface‐Adaptive Binder Enabled by Supramolecular Interactions for High‐Capacity Si/C Composite Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Linlin , Jin Mihan , Zhang Zhen , Chen Haixia , Boorboor Ajdari Farshad , Song Jiangxuan
Published: March 2022

Although Si and graphite (Si/C) composite materials are among the most promising alternative to graphite anode in commercial batteries because of high capacity, the issue of the poor structural and interfacial stability of the composite electrode is extremely challenging. Herein, an interface‐adaptive triblock polymer binder that can interact Si and graphite particles to improve the particle affinity and binder spreadability via the supramolecular interactions of π∙∙∙π stacking and hydrogen bonding is presented. The strategy of enhancing the interfacial interactions can further effectively stabilize the electrode interface and minimize the electrode/electrolyte side reactions. Benefiting from this proposed binder, the Si/C anode retains a high reversible capacity (82.1%) after 400 cycles and delivers improved cycling stability even at high areal capacity (4 mAh cm−2, 0.067% capacity loss/cycle) and in Si/C|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 full cell (0.22% capacity loss/cycle). This design strategy for the binder provides a novel path toward high‐energy, long‐cycling Si/C anodes.