bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal ions and redox balance regulate distinct amyloid-like aggregation pathways of GAPR-1
Authors: Sheng Jie , Olrichs Nick K. , Geerts Willie J. , Kaloyanova Dora V. , Helms J. Bernd
Published: October 2019

Members of the CAP superfamily (Cysteine-rich secretory proteins, Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis-Related 1 proteins) are characterized by the presence of a structurally conserved CAP domain. The common structure-function relationship of this domain is still poorly understood. In this study, we unravel specific molecular mechanisms modulating the quaternary structure of the mammalian CAP protein GAPR-1 (Golgi-Associated plant Pathogenesis-Related protein 1). Copper ions are shown to induce a distinct amyloid-like aggregation pathway of GAPR-1 in the presence of heparin. This involves an immediate shift from native multimers to monomers which are prone to form amyloid-like fibrils. The Cu2+-induced aggregation pathway is independent of a conserved metal-binding site and involves the formation of disulfide bonds during the nucleation process. The elongation process occurs independently of the presence of Cu2+ ions, and amyloid-like aggregation can proceed under oxidative conditions. In contrast, the Zn2+-dependent aggregation pathway was found to be independent of cysteines and was reversible upon removal of Zn2+ ions. Together, our results provide insight into the regulation of the quaternary structure of GAPR-1 by metal ions and redox homeostasis with potential implications for regulatory mechanisms of other CAP proteins.
Microsatellite Instability assessment in Black South African Colorectal Cancer patients reveal an increased incidence of suspected Lynch syndrome
Authors: McCabe M. , Perner Y. , Magobo R. , Magangane P. , Mirza S. , Penny C.
Published: October 2019

Microsatellite Instability (MSI) is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC) and occurs in 15–16% of CRC. Molecular biological information of CRC in South Africa (SA) is largely unrecorded. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of MSI, with particular reference to Lynch syndrome (LS) with a view to improve surveillance and prevention strategies. This was a retrospective study on CRC samples diagnosed between 2011–2015 at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH). Samples diagnosed between 2011–2012 were screened for MSI by PCR and mismatch repair (MMR) immunohistochemistry (IHC), and additional BRAFV600E mutational analysis performed. T-tests, Fischer’s exact and Chi square statistical tests were applied. Twelve percent of patients displayed MSI, with increased frequency in black (15%) versus other ethnic group (OEG) (8%) patients. MSI patients were significantly younger than microsatellite stable (MSS) patients, however when stratified by ethnicity, black patients were predominantly younger (median age: 47), with increased MSH2/6 loss, and no BRAF mutations. These findings suggest a large proportion of young black SA CRC patients develop via the LS pathway due to earlier age onset and predominant MSH2/6 protein loss. SA patients of other ethnicities appear to follow the more well established sporadic MSI pathway.
Insights into replicative senescence of human testicular peritubular cells
Authors: Schmid Nina , Flenkenthaler Florian , Stöckl Jan B. , Dietrich Kim-Gwendolyn , Köhn Frank M. , Schwarzer J. Ullrich , Kunz Lars , Luckner Manja , Wanner Gerhard , Arnold Georg J. , Fröhlich Thomas , Mayerhofer Artur
Published: October 2019

There is evidence for an age-related decline in male reproductive functions, yet how the human testis may age is not understood. Human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) transport sperm, contribute to the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) niche and immune surveillance, and can be isolated and studied in vitro. Consequences of replicative senescence of HTPCs were evaluated to gain partial insights into human testicular aging. To this end, early and advanced HTPC passages, in which replicative senescence was indicated by increased cell size, altered nuclear morphology, enhanced β-galactosidase activity, telomere attrition and reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), were compared. These alterations are typical for senescent cells, in general. To examine HTPC-specific changes, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) tomography was employed, which revealed a reduced mitochondrial network and an increased lysosome population. The results coincide with the data of a parallel proteomic analysis and indicate deranged proteostasis. The mRNA levels of typical contractility markers and growth factors, important for the SSC niche, were not significantly altered. A secretome analysis identified, however, elevated levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), which may play a role in spermatogenesis. Testicular DPP4 may further represent a possible drug target.
Species-specific and collection method-dependent differences in endometrial susceptibility to seminal plasma-induced RNA degradation
Authors: Fernandez-Fuertes Beatriz , Sánchez José María , Bagés-Arnal Sandra , McDonald Michael , Yeste Marc , Lonergan Pat
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to determine the effect of bull seminal plasma (SP) and sperm on endometrial function. Bovine endometrial explants were incubated with: ejaculated sperm with or without SP, epididymal sperm, or SP alone. Neither ejaculated nor epididymal sperm induced differential expression ofIL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL8, PTGES2, TNFA, andLIF. Interestingly, SP had a detrimental effect on endometrial RNA integrity. Addition of an RNase inactivation reagent to SP blocked this effect, evidencing a role for a SP-RNase. Because bulls deposit the ejaculate in the vagina, we hypothesized that the bovine endometrium is more sensitive to SP-RNase than vaginal and cervical tissues (which come into contact with SP during mating), or to endometrium from intrauterine ejaculators (such as the horse). In addition, due to differences in SP-RNase abundance depending on SP collection method (i.e., with an artificial vagina, AV, or by electroejaculation, EE), this effect was also tested. Bull SP, collected by AV, degrades RNA of mare endometrium, and bovine vagina, cervix and endometrium. However, stallion SP or bull SP collected by EE did not elicit this effect. Thus, results do not support a role for SP in modulating endometrial function to establish pregnancy in cattle.
Loss of the dermis zinc transporter ZIP13 promotes the mildness of fibrosarcoma by inhibiting autophagy
Authors: Lee Mi-Gi , Choi Min-Ah , Chae Sehyun , Kang Mi-Ae , Jo Hantae , Baek Jin-myoung , In Kyu-Ree , Park Hyein , Heo Hyojin , Jang Dongmin , Brito Sofia , Kim Sung Tae , Kim Dae-Ok , Lee Jong-Soo , Kim Jae-Ryong , Bin Bum-Ho
Published: October 2019

Fibrosarcoma is a skin tumor that is frequently observed in humans, dogs, and cats. Despite unsightly appearance, studies on fibrosarcoma have not significantly progressed, due to a relatively mild tumor severity and a lower incidence than that of other epithelial tumors. Here, we focused on the role of a recently-found dermis zinc transporter, ZIP13, in fibrosarcoma progression. We generated two transformed cell lines from wild-type and ZIP13-KO mice-derived dermal fibroblasts by stably expressing the Simian Virus (SV) 40-T antigen. The ZIP13−/− cell line exhibited an impairment in autophagy, followed by hypersensitivity to nutrient deficiency. The autophagy impairment in the ZIP13−/− cell line was due to the low expression of LC3 gene and protein, and was restored by the DNA demethylating agent, 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-aza) treatment. Moreover, the DNA methyltransferase activity was significantly increased in the ZIP13−/− cell line, indicating the disturbance of epigenetic regulations. Autophagy inhibitors effectively inhibited the growth of fibrosarcoma with relatively minor damages to normal cells in xenograft assay. Our data show that proper control over autophagy and zinc homeostasis could allow for the development of a new therapeutic strategy to treat fibrosarcoma.
The quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) is a good predictor of in-hospital mortality in very elderly patients with bloodstream infections: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Ramos-Rincón José M. , Fernández-Gil Adela , Merino Esperanza , Boix Vicente , Gimeno Adelina , Rodríguez-Diaz Juan C. , Valero Beatriz , Sánchez-Martínez Rosario , Portilla Joaquín
Published: October 2019

People over 80 years old are now the fastest-growing age group. Bloodstream infections (BSI) in these patients may present with specific characteristics. The objective of this study was to analyze independent factors affecting in-hospital mortality (IHM) due to BSI in very elderly patients (≥80 years of age) and to compare the clinical presentation of BSI in patients aged 80–89 years versus those aged 90 or more. Retrospective, cross-sectional and observational study of BSI in patients aged 80 years or older. The study used IHM as the primary outcome. Stepwise multiple logistic regression models were used to identify associations between potential predictors and IHM. Of the 336 included patients, 76.8% (n = 258) were in the 80–89-year age group and 23.2% (n = 78) in the 90+ age group; 17.3% (n = 58) of patients died during admission. This outcome was independently associated with quick Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) of 2 or more (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3–9.4; p < 0.001). Other predictors included an origin of BSI outside the urinary tract (aOR 5.5, 95% CI 2.4–12.6; p < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (aOR 4.9, 95% CI 1.8–13.4; p = 0.002), hospital-acquired infection (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2–7.5; p = 0.015), and inappropriate empiric antibiotics (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.9; p = 0.04). IHM was 23.1% in the 90+ age group and 15.5% in patients aged 80 to 89 (p = 0.012). However, the 90+ age group was more likely to have a score of at least 2 on the qSOFA (29.9% vs. 19.1%, p = 0.043) and Pitt bacteremia scales (44.9% vs. 30.2%; p = 0.02), as well as chronic kidney disease (56.4% vs. 36.0%; p = 0.001) and altered mental state (40.3% vs. 25.7%; p = 0.013). In conclusion: A qSOFA score of 2 or more and a BSI originating outside the urinary tract were independent predictors of IHM. The 90+ age group was at higher risk than the 80–89-year age group of having a qSOFA score and Pitt bacteremia score of 2 or more as well as an altered mental state.
The effect of lattice disorder on the low-temperature heat capacity of (U1−yThy)O2 and 238Pu-doped UO2
Authors: Vălu Sorin-Octavian , De Bona Emanuele , Popa Karin , Griveau Jean-Christophe , Colineau Eric , Konings Rudy J. M.
Published: October 2019

The low-temperature heat capacity of (U1−yThy)O2 and 238Pu-doped UO2 samples were determined using hybrid adiabatic relaxation calorimetry. Results of the investigated systems revealed the presence of the magnetic transition specific for UO2 in all three intermediate compositions of the uranium-thorium dioxide (y = 0.05, 0.09 and 0.12) and in the 238Pu-doped UO2 around 25 K. The magnetic behaviour of UO2 exposed to the high alpha dose from the 238Pu isotope was studied over time and it was found that 1.6% 238Pu affects the magnetic transition substantially, even after short period of time after annealing. In both systems the antiferromagnetic transition changes intensity, shape and Néel temperature with increasing Th-content and radiation dose, respectively, related to the increasing disorder on the crystal lattice resulting from substitution and defect creation.
Losartan does not inhibit cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in mice
Authors: Hepworth M. L. , Passey S. L. , Seow H. J. , Vlahos R.
Published: October 2019

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease largely caused by cigarette smoking (CS) and is characterized by lung inflammation and airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Approximately 50% of people with COPD die of a cardiovascular comorbidity and current pharmacological strategies provide little benefit. Therefore, drugs that target the lung and the cardiovascular system concurrently may be an advantageous therapeutic strategy. The aim of this study was to see whether losartan, an angiotensin-II AT1a receptor antagonist widely used to treat hypertension associated with cardiovascular disease, protects against CS-induced lung inflammation in mice. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to CS for 8 weeks and treated with either losartan (30 mg/kg) or vehicle daily. Mice were euthanized and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) inflammation, and whole lung cytokine, chemokine and protease mRNA expression assessed. CS caused significant increases in BALF total cells, macrophages, neutrophils and whole lung IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL-1, IL-17A and MMP12 mRNA expression compared to sham-exposed mice. However, losartan only reduced CS-induced increases in IL-6 mRNA expression. Angiotensin-II receptor expression was reduced in lung tissue from CS-exposed mice. In conclusion, losartan did not inhibit CS-induced BALF cellularity despite reducing whole lung IL-6 mRNA and Ang-II receptor expression.
Impact of Early Life Antibiotic Exposure and Neonatal Hyperoxia on the Murine Microbiome and Lung Injury
Authors: Althouse Melissa H. , Stewart Christopher , Jiang Weiwu , Moorthy Bhagavatula , Lingappan Krithika
Published: October 2019

Cross talk between the intestinal microbiome and the lung and its role in lung health remains unknown. Perinatal exposure to antibiotics disrupts the neonatal microbiome and may have an impact on the preterm lung. We hypothesized that perinatal antibiotic exposure leads to long-term intestinal dysbiosis and increased alveolar simplification in a murine hyperoxia model. Pregnant C57BL/6 wild type dams and neonatal mice were treated with antibiotics before and/or immediately after delivery. Control mice received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Neonatal mice were exposed to 95% oxygen for 4 days or room air. Microbiome analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Pulmonary alveolarization and vascularization were analyzed at postnatal day (PND) 21. Perinatal antibiotic exposure modified intestinal beta diversity but not alpha diversity in neonatal mice. Neonatal hyperoxia exposure altered intestinal beta diversity and relative abundance of commensal bacteria in antibiotic treated mice. Hyperoxia disrupted pulmonary alveolarization and vascularization at PND 21; however, there were no differences in the degree of lung injury in antibiotic treated mice compared to vehicle treated controls. Our study suggests that exposure to both hyperoxia and antibiotics early in life may cause long-term alterations in the intestinal microbiome, but intestinal dysbiosis may not significantly influence neonatal hyperoxic lung injury.
A micropatterned substrate for on-surface enzymatic labelling of linearized long DNA molecules
Authors: Varapula Dharma , LaBouff Eric , Raseley Kaitlin , Uppuluri Lahari , Ehrlich Garth D. , Noh Moses , Xiao Ming
Published: October 2019

Optical mapping of linearized DNA molecules is a promising new technology for sequence assembly and scaffolding, large structural variant detection, and diagnostics. This is currently achieved either using nanochannel confinement or by stretching single DNA molecules on a solid surface. While the first method necessitates DNA labelling before linearization, the latter allows for modification post-linearization, thereby affording increased process flexibility. Each method is constrained by various physical and chemical limitations. One of the most common techniques for linearization of DNA uses a hydrophobic surface and a receding meniscus, termed molecular combing. Here, we report the development of a microfabricated surface that can not only comb the DNA molecules efficiently but also provides for sequence-specific enzymatic fluorescent DNA labelling. By modifying a glass surface with two contrasting functionalities, such that DNA binds selectively to one of the two regions, we can control DNA extension, which is known to be critical for sequence-recognition by an enzyme. Moreover, the surface modification provides enzymatic access to the DNA backbone, as well as minimizing non-specific fluorescent dye adsorption. These enhancements make the designed surface suitable for large-scale and high-resolution single DNA molecule studies.
Thiotrophic bacterial symbiont induces polyphenism in giant ciliate host Zoothamnium niveum
Authors: Bright Monika , Espada-Hinojosa Salvador , Volland Jean-Marie , Drexel Judith , Kesting Julia , Kolar Ingrid , Morchner Denny , Nussbaumer Andrea , Ott Jörg , Scharhauser Florian , Schuster Lukas , Zambalos Helena Constance , Nemeschkal Hans Leo
Published: October 2019

Evolutionary theory predicts potential shifts between cooperative and uncooperative behaviour under fluctuating environmental conditions. This leads to unstable benefits to the partners and restricts the evolution of dependence. High dependence is usually found in those hosts in which vertically transmitted symbionts provide nutrients reliably. Here we study host dependence in the marine, giant colonial ciliate Zoothamnium niveum and its vertically transmitted, nutritional, thiotrophic symbiont from an unstable environment of degrading wood. Previously, we have shown that sulphidic conditions lead to high host fitness and oxic conditions to low fitness, but the fate of the symbiont has not been studied. We combine several experimental approaches to provide evidence for a sulphide-tolerant host with striking polyphenism involving two discrete morphs, a symbiotic and an aposymbiotic one. The two differ significantly in colony growth form and fitness. This polyphenism is triggered by chemical conditions and elicited by the symbiont’s presence on the dispersing swarmer. We provide evidence of a single aposymbiotic morph found in nature. We propose that despite a high fitness loss when aposymbiotic, the ciliate has retained a facultative life style and may use the option to live without its symbiont to overcome spatial and temporal shortage of sulphide in nature.
Local redox conditions in cells imaged via non-fluorescent transient states of NAD(P)H
Authors: Tornmalm Johan , Sandberg Elin , Rabasovic Mihailo , Widengren Jerker
Published: October 2019

The autofluorescent coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and its phosphorylated form (NADPH) are major determinants of cellular redox balance. Both their fluorescence intensities and lifetimes are extensively used as label-free readouts in cellular metabolic imaging studies. Here, we introduce fluorescence blinking of NAD(P)H, as an additional, orthogonal readout in such studies. Blinking of fluorophores and their underlying dark state transitions are specifically sensitive to redox conditions and oxygenation, parameters of particular relevance in cellular metabolic studies. We show that such dark state transitions in NAD(P)H can be quantified via the average fluorescence intensity recorded upon modulated one-photon excitation, so-called transient state (TRAST) monitoring. Thereby, transitions in NAD(P)H, previously only accessible from elaborate spectroscopic cuvette measurements, can be imaged at subcellular resolution in live cells. We then demonstrate that these transitions can be imaged with a standard laser-scanning confocal microscope and two-photon excitation, in parallel with regular fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). TRAST imaging of NAD(P)H was found to provide additional, orthogonal information to FLIM and allows altered oxidative environments in cells treated with a mitochondrial un-coupler or cyanide to be clearly distinguished. We propose TRAST imaging as a straightforward and widely applicable modality, extending the range of information obtainable from cellular metabolic imaging of NAD(P)H fluorescence.
New Method for Evaluating Surface Roughness Parameters Acquired by Laser Scanning
Authors: Tonietto Leandro , Gonzaga Luiz , Veronez Mauricio Roberto , Kazmierczak Claudio de Souza , Arnold Daiana Cristina Metz , Costa Cristiano André da
Published: October 2019

Quality evaluation of a material’s surface is performed through roughness analysis of surface samples. Several techniques have been presented to achieve this goal, including geometrical analysis and surface roughness analysis. Geometric analysis allows a visual and subjective evaluation of roughness (a qualitative assessment), whereas computation of the roughness parameters is a quantitative assessment and allows a standardized analysis of the surfaces. In civil engineering, the process is performed with mechanical profilometer equipment (2D) without adequate accuracy and laser profilometer (3D) with no consensus on how to interpret the result quantitatively. This work proposes a new method to evaluate surface roughness, starting from the generation of a visual surface roughness signature, which is calculated through the roughness parameters computed in hierarchically organized regions. The evaluation tools presented in this new method provide a local and more accurate evaluation of the computed coefficients. In the tests performed it was possible to quantitatively analyze roughness differences between ceramic blocks and to find that a quantitative microscale analysis allows to identify the largest variation of roughness parameters Raavg, Rasdv, Ramin and Ramax between samples, which benefit the evaluation and comparison of the sampled surfaces.
Prematurely ruptured dominant follicles often retain competent oocytes in infertile women
Authors: Teramoto S. , Osada H. , Shozu M.
Published: October 2019

Ovulation consists of a follicle’s rupture and subsequent oocyte extrusion, although there is a paucity of evidence regarding whether every follicle’s rupture is associated with extrusion of its oocyte. We examined this issue in a large-scale window-of-opportunity study by attempting aspiration of single dominant follicles that were found to have ruptured before a scheduled oocyte retrieval during in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer treatment of infertile women. We were able to aspirate 587 of 1,071 ultrasonographically confirmed post-rupture dominant follicles from 1,071 women (i.e. one dominant follicle per woman) and retrieved 225 oocytes (oocyte recovery ratio: 43.4% of aspirated follicles), which yielded 28 live births (live birth ratio: 11.0% of retrieved oocytes). Interestingly, the live birth ratio for post-rupture dominant follicles was not statistically different from that achieved using regular pre-rupture aspiration of dominant follicles (1,085/8,977, 12.1%). These findings suggest that oocyte extrusion frequently does not occur after follicle rupture in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilisation treatment, although the oocyte retained in the follicle can remain competent for use during that treatment.
Introduction
Authors: Choi Jaeyoo , Gordon Madeleine P. , Yuan Pengyu , Kang Hyungmook , Zaia Edmond W. , Urban Jeffrey J.
Published: October 2019

Organic thermoelectric materials and generators are a promising field of research due to numerous attractive characteristics that suggest the ability to overcome the shortcomings of existing inorganic TE systems. This book aims to reprise some of the key directions in this field and provide some context on the key developments and opportunities that remain to be explored. Therefore, to facilitate comprehension of the book, this introduction chapter will present a brief overview of essential topics spanning the fields of chemistry, materials science, engineering, and physics, including a brief historical overview of organic TE materials. TE measurement techniques, including carrier-energy and thermal transport in organic TE systems, will also be briefly discussed, as they are relevant to understanding what challenges remain in understanding and optimizing the performance of these organic TE materials.
Thermoelectric Transport Theory in Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Li Ling , Lu Nianduan , Liu Ming
Published: October 2019

The thermoelectric effect is hopefully a technique that can convert heat from the sun, industrial sectors and automobile exhausts to power energy. Due to current issues on energy production and the environment, the thermoelectric effect has recently become the subject of growing interest. Organic semiconductors are one kind of excellent material which exhibit the various thermoelectric characteristics based on the complexity of molecule structures with the relatively low thermal conductivities demanded for high thermoelectric performance. In this chapter, we will systemically describe the thermoelectric transport theory of organic semiconductors in detail. In Section 2.1, we will introduce the development of organic semiconductors, the transport mechanism of organic semiconductors, and the concept of the thermoelectric transport effect. In Section 2.2, the basic thermoelectric transport equations will be discussed, including the Boltzmann transport equation, Mott's expression and the general expression of the Seebeck effect. In Section 2.3, based on first-principles theory, the hopping transport theory, the percolation theory, the hybrid theory, the thermoelectric transport characteristics will be discussed in detail, respectively. In Section 2.4, based on Monte Carlo simulation, comparisons between the numeric and the analytical results of the Seebeck effect will be discussed. Finally, the future outlook of thermoelectric transport theory is briefly discussed in Section 2.5.
Synthesis of Organic Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Xu Hui , Zhao Chunyan , Zhai Mingming
Published: October 2019

Thermoelectric material, one of the new energy materials, is regarded as one of the most important energy-saving materials, which can directly achieve the interconversion between heat and electricity. Since its discovery and wide application, organic thermoelectric materials have attracted wide attention over the past several decades. The applications of organic thermoelectric materials have shown numerous advantages such as low-cost fabrication, facile processability, light weight, and flexibility. In particular, the past several years have witnessed remarkable progress in organic thermoelectric materials and devices. In this chapter, we will focus on various conducting polymers, such as polyacetylene (PA), polyaniline (PANi), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTh), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polycarbazoles (PCz), polyphenylenevinylene (PPV), and their derivatives, as well as D–A type polymers with a low bandgap, metal–organic coordination polymers and some semiconductors based on small molecules, which have been developed and investigated on thermoelectric performance. Various strategies for the synthesis of these organic thermoelectric materials are discussed in detail and their thermoelectric properties are summarized. Prospects and suggestions with respect to future research and development are also concluded with the authors' outlook.
Thermoelectric Materials by Organic Intercalation
Authors: Tian Ruoming , Wan Chunlei , Koumoto Kunihito
Published: October 2019

The smart wearable tech market is entering a new era, and Forbes has predicted that the market will be doubled by 2021. Flexible thermoelectric devices hold great promise for self-powering these wearable smart electronics. Although traditional inorganic-based thermoelectric generators are commercially available in the market, they are neither comfortable to wear nor efficient in capturing heat from non-flat surfaces. On the other hand, the development of flexible organic-based devices is still at the proof-of-the-concept stage, and the lack of high-performance and air-stable n-type organic semiconductors has become a bottleneck. In this chapter, we will present our recent progress in the development of n-type organic-intercalated flexible thermoelectric materials, paying particular attention to the transition metal dichalcogenide TiS2. We will discuss the material synthesis methods, their superlattice structures and functional roles of inorganic and organic layers. We will then focus on their unique transport properties and put forward some key strategies on how to tune their thermal conductivity, carrier concentration and mobility, which are essential for improving the overall thermoelectric performance. In addition, we will demonstrate a solution-processable approach to fabricating large-scale inorganic/organic superlattice films. The performance of a prototype flexible thermoelectric device will also be presented. Lastly, we will discuss the prospects and challenges in this field.
Enhanced paper-based ELISA for simultaneous EVs/exosome isolation and detection using streptavidin agarose-based immobilization
Authors: Lee Junwoo , Kim Hyerin , Heo Youhee , Yoo Yong Kyoung , Han Sung Il , Kim Cheonjung , Hur Don , Kim Hyungsuk , Kang Ji Yoon , Lee Jeong Hoon
Published: October 2019

We suggested the paper-based ELISA using a streptavidin agarose resin-based immobilization. This method reduces assay times (∼2 h), provides strong binding, and retains good sensitivity and linearity.
A transparent paper-based platform for multiplexed bioassays by wavelength-dependent absorbance/transmittance
Authors: Zong Lijun , Han Yufeng , Gao Lei , Du Chao , Zhang Xiaopan , Li Lin , Huang Xiao , Liu Jinhua , Yu Hai-Dong , Huang Wei
Published: October 2019

The present work describes the rational design of a paper-based biosensing platform for multi-target detection with low cost and high sensitivity by wavelength-dependent absorbance/transmittance.
Enzymatic reaction-based nanopore detection of zinc ions
Authors: Roozbahani Golbarg Mohammadi , Zhang Youwen , Chen Xiaohan , Soflaee Mona Hoseini , Guan Xiyun
Published: October 2019

By taking advantage of enzymatic reactions, sensitive and selective detection of metal ions could be accomplished in a nanopore.
The simultaneous detection of food dyes from different samples in a 96-well plate by spectrophotometry
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Mengxin , Zhang Yi , Yan Heng , Li Xing , Xie Wei-hong
Published: October 2019

The simultaneous detection of food dyes from different samples using a spectrophotometry microplate reader and multi-primary equations was carried out.
Bipedal DNA walker mediated enzyme-free exponential isothermal signal amplification for rapid detection of microRNA
Authors: Chen Anyi , Zhuo Ying , Chai Yaqin , Yuan Ruo
Published: October 2019

This work reported an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on a bipedal DNA walker mediated enzyme-free exponential isothermal DNA signal amplification, which achieved sensitive and rapid detection of microRNA (miRNA).
Beyond protein binding: recent advances in screening DNA-encoded libraries
Authors: Kodadek Thomas , Paciaroni Nicholas G. , Balzarini Madeline , Dickson Paige
Published: October 2019

DNA-encoded libraries are usually screened against tagged proteins to identify ligands, but many other screening modalities either have been, or likely will be, developed that expand the utility of these libraries as a source of bioactive molecules.
Porous organic polymer supported rhodium as a heterogeneous catalyst for hydroformylation of alkynes to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes
Authors: Liang Zuyu , Chen Jianbin , Chen Xin , Zhang Kai , Lv Jinhe , Zhao Haowen , Zhang Guoying , Xie Congxia , Zong Lingbo , Jia Xiaofei
Published: October 2019

A novel porous organic polymer supported rhodium catalyst (Rh/POL-BINAPa&PPh3) was developed for the hydroformylation of alkynes to afford α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.
Unravelling the mechanism of amyloid-β peptide oligomerization and fibrillation at chiral interfaces
Authors: Gong Shuai , Liu Jingjing , Tian Mengting , Wang Kang , Cai Shali , Wang Weiyan , Shen Lei
Published: October 2019

The mechanism of how surface chirality affects amyloid-β peptide oligomerization and fibrillation was firstly unravelled at the molecular level.
Partial substitution induced centrosymmetric to noncentrosymmetric structure transformation and promising second-order nonlinear optical properties of (K0.38Ba0.81)Ga2Se4
Authors: Li Ya-Nan , Chi Yang , Sun Zong-Dong , Xue Huaiguo , Suen Nian-Tzu , Guo Sheng-Ping
Published: October 2019

Novel noncentrosymmetric (K0.38Ba0.81)Ga2Se4 can be obtained from centrosymmetric BaGa2Se4via partial substitution, and it demonstrates promising balanced NLO properties.
Unveiling the formation 1 : 2 supramolecular complexes between cucurbit[7]uril and a cationic calix[4]arene derivative
Authors: Pessêgo Márcia , Mendoza Johan , da Silva José Paulo , Basílio Nuno , Garcia-Rio Luis
Published: October 2019

The formation of host–guest complexes between cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and a tetracationic calix[4]arene derivative in the so-called cone conformation was investigated by 1H NMR, DOSY NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry and ESI-MS.
Fused-pentagon C70Cl26 obtained via chlorination-promoted Stone–Wales cage transformations of C70
Authors: Brotsman Victor A. , Kemnitz Erhard , Troyanov Sergey I.
Published: October 2019

High-temperature chlorination of C70 with SbCl5 resulted in a skeletal transformation via a Stone–Wales rearrangement and the formation of non-IPR 8005C70Cl26.
Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric formal [3+2] cycloaddition of α-N-heterocyclic acrylates with vinyl epoxides for construction of isonucleoside analogs
Authors: Huang Ke-Xin , Xie Ming-Sheng , Wang Dong-Chao , Sang Ji-Wei , Qu Gui-Rong , Guo Hai-Ming
Published: October 2019

A highly efficient Pd-catalyzed asymmetric formal [3+2] cycloaddition of α-N-heterocyclic acrylates with vinyl epoxides has been developed for the first time.
Multifunctional 1,3-diphenylguanidine for the carboxylative cyclization of homopropargyl amines with CO2 under ambient temperature and pressure
Authors: Gao Xiao-Tong , Xie Shi-Liang , Zhou Feng , Wu Hai-Hong , Zhou Jian
Published: October 2019

The highly efficient multifunctional DPG promoted carboxylative cyclization of homopropargyl amines with CO2 to form six-membered 2-oxazinones was developed under ambient temperature and pressure.
Polyaniline-grafted hydrolysed polyethylene as a dual functional interlayer/separator for high-performance Li–S@C core–shell batteries
Authors: Tubtimkuna Suchakree , Krittayavathananon Atiweena , Chiochan Poramane , Duangdangchote Salatan , Wutthiprom Juthaporn , Limtrakul Jumras , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: October 2019

A modified hydrolysed polyethylene with polyaniline was used as a dual functional interlayer/separator for high-performance lithium–sulphur batteries (LSBs) to reduce the migration of soluble polysulphide intermediates.
Biomimetic synthesis of nudicaulins I and II, yellow pigments from the Iceland poppyPapaver nudicaule
Authors: Devlin Rory , Sperry Jonathan
Published: October 2019

We describe the biomimetic synthesis of nudicaulins I and II, yellow pigments from the Iceland poppyPapaver nudicaule.
Insights into the effect of the interlayer spacings of bilayer graphene on the desolvation of H+, Li+, Na+, and K+ ions with water as a solvent: a first-principles study
Authors: Zhang Xu , Yang Shaobin , Shan Xueying , Li Sinan , Tang Shuwei
Published: October 2019

Reasonable control of the pore sizes of supercapacitor electrode materials ensures the desolvation of electrolyte ions to significantly improve the capacitance.
Size induced structural changes in maricite-NaFePO4: an in-depth study by experiment and simulations
Authors: Sharma Monika , Gupta Mukul , Kaghazchi Payam , Murugavel Sevi
Published: October 2019

Schematic diagram illustrating the effect of crystallite size on structural properties such as crystal field splitting and bond length variations of maricite NaFePO4.
Ab initio modelling of spin relaxation lengths in disordered graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Rojas Wudmir Y. , Villegas Cesar E. P. , Rocha Alexandre R.
Published: October 2019

Ab initio spin-dependent transport properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons are studied with emphasis in determining the spin-relaxation length.
A space-confined strategy toward large-area two-dimensional crystals of ionic liquid
Authors: Lu Yumiao , Chen Wei , Wang Yanlei , Huo Feng , Zhang Lan , He Hongyan , Zhang Suojiang
Published: October 2019

Nano-confinement induced crystallization of ionic liquid with a self-similar and layered configuration.
Band engineering and hybridization of competing arsenene allotropes: a computational study
Authors: Mao Jianjun , Chen Yue
Published: October 2019

Band engineering of competing phases of 2D As and their possible hybridizations.
Simultaneous determination of deuteron quadrupole coupling constants and rotational correlation times: the model case of hydrogen bonded ionic liquids
Authors: Khudozhitkov A. E. , Overbeck V. , Stange P. , Strate A. , Zaitsau D. , Appelhagen A. , Michalik D. , Stepanov A. G. , Kolokolov D. I. , Paschek D. , Ludwig R.
Published: October 2019

We show that deuteron quadrupole coupling constants, and reorientational correlation times of molecular bonds N–D that are involved in hydrogen bonding, can be determined from NMRT1relaxation time experiments simultaneously by assuming anisotropic motion.
Theoretical investigation of the cation antisite defect in layer-structured cathode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Kim Yongseon
Published: October 2019

The formation of cation antisite defects in layer-structured cathode materials for Li-ion batteries is investigated.
Cooperative nature of the sulfur centered hydrogen bond: investigation of (H2S)n(n= 2–4) clusters using an affordable yet accurate level of theory
Authors: Sarkar Saptarshi , Monu Monu , Bandyopadhyay Biman
Published: October 2019

S–H⋯ S H-bond has been shown to exhibit cooperative strengthening in H2S molecular clusters from geometric, energetic and electronic viewpoint by means of quantum chemical calculations at CCSD(T)/CBS//MP2-CP/aug-cc-pV(D+d)Z level of theory.
Three-dimensional flower-like OMS-2 supported Ru catalysts for application in the combustion reaction of o-dichlorobenzene
Authors: Yang Sai , Zhao Haijun , Dong Fang , Tang Zhicheng , Zha Fei
Published: October 2019

The growth mechanism of OMS-2 was studied and it was found that the sample prepared at a higher reactant concentration had more defects on surface which were critical to capturing substrate and conducive to the high dispersion of Ru4+.
An efficient Cu-based catalyst for the hydrogenation of ethylene carbonate to ethylene glycol and methanol
Authors: Chen Wei , Song Tongyang , Tian Jingxia , Wu Peng , Li Xiaohong
Published: October 2019

The Cu/SiO2 catalyst prepared by the ammonia-evaporation method and further modified with glucose showed greatly enhanced catalytic performance and stability.
Mutually-dependent kinetics and energetics of photocatalyst/co-catalyst/two-redox liquid junctions
Authors: Pan Zhenhua , Yanagi Rito , Wang Qian , Shen Xin , Zhu Qianhong , Xue Yudong , Röhr Jason A. , Hisatomi Takashi , Domen Kazunari , Hu Shu
Published: October 2019

We elucidate the multi-redox charge-transfer kinetics across a photocatalyst/(co-catalyst)/water interface and reveal the dynamic interplay between local energetics and kinetics.
Correction: Sustainable bioproduction of the blue pigment indigoidine: Expanding the range of heterologous products in R. toruloides to include non-ribosomal peptides
Authors: Wehrs Maren , Gladden John M. , Liu Yuzhong , Platz Lukas , Prahl Jan-Philip , Moon Jadie , Papa Gabriella , Sundstrom Eric , Geiselman Gina M. , Tanjore Deepti , Keasling Jay D. , Pray Todd R. , Simmons Blake A. , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila
Published: October 2019

Correction for ‘Sustainable bioproduction of the blue pigment indigoidine: Expanding the range of heterologous products in R. toruloides to include non-ribosomal peptides’ by Maren Wehrs et al., Green Chem., 2019, 21, 3394–3406.
Metformin-decavanadate treatment ameliorates hyperglycemia and redox balance of the liver and muscle in a rat model of alloxan-induced diabetes
Authors: Treviño Samuel , González-Vergara Enrique
Published: October 2019

MetfDeca treatment ameliorate glucose and insulin levels, and reduce the levels of oxidized glutathione, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxyalkenal; the superoxide and catalase activities, and glutathione levels were regulated.
Electrocatalytic reduction of protons to hydrogen by a copper complex of the pentadentate ligand Dmphen-DPA in a nonaqueous electrolyte
Authors: Gao Ying-Chun , Zhao Ying-Guo , Song Xiao-Wei , Huang Rong-Yi , Meng Yan , Wang Jun-Wei , Wang Wen-Jing , Chen Chang-Neng
Published: October 2019

An aminopyridine-based copper complex was synthesized and investigated for its electrocatalytic proton reduction activity and the plausible mechanism.
MOF-derived NiO–NiCo2O4@PPy hollow polyhedron as a sulfur immobilizer for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Xu Fengchao , Jin Bo , Li Huan , Ju Wentao , Wen Zi , Jiang Qing
Published: October 2019

A MOF-derived NiO–NiCo2O4@PPy hollow polyhedron is prepared as a sulfur host to effectively enhance cell performance. S/NiO–NiCo2O4@PPy displays a high initial discharge capacity of 963 mA h g−1 with a high initial coulombic efficiency of 95.2% at 0.2C.
Desymmetrization of disubstituted aromatic crown ethersviaintramolecular Cannizzaro reactions
Authors: Rouser Mason A. , Gibson Harry W.
Published: October 2019

Ba++templated Cannizzaro reactions convert symmetrical aromatic crown ether dialdehydes of various types [dibenzo and bis(meta-phenylene)] and sizes (20–32 atom rings) to acid–alcohol functionalized crown ethers in 70–98% yields.
Synthesis of the microspheric cocrystal CL-20/2,4-DNI with high energy and low sensitivity by a spray-drying process
Authors: Liu Jianchao , Yan Zhenzhan , Chi Dianpeng , Yang Li
Published: October 2019

A novel microspheric cocrystal consists of a 1 : 1 molar ratio of CL-20 and 2,4-DNI was synthesized by a spray-drying process, utilizing our self-developed equipment which is more economic, productive and green.
Multifunctional temozolomide-loaded lipid superparamagnetic nanovectors: dual targeting and disintegration of glioblastoma spheroids by synergic chemotherapy and hyperthermia treatment
Authors: Marino Attilio , Camponovo Alice , Degl'Innocenti Andrea , Bartolucci Martina , Tapeinos Christos , Martinelli Chiara , De Pasquale Daniele , Santoro Francesca , Mollo Valentina , Arai Satoshi , Suzuki Madoka , Harada Yoshie , Petretto Andrea , Ciofani Gianni
Published: October 2019

The proposed nanoplatform represents an efficient tool for a synergic treatment based on hyperthermia and chemotherapy against glioblastoma.
Room-temperature photodetectors and VOC sensors based on graphene oxide–ZnO nano-heterojunctions
Authors: Pargoletti Eleonora , Hossain Umme H. , Di Bernardo Iolanda , Chen Hongjun , Tran-Phu Thanh , Lipton-Duffin Josh , Cappelletti Giuseppe , Tricoli Antonio
Published: October 2019

Here, we show 3D nanoarchitectures comprising integrated GO–ZnO heterojunctions for either room temperature sensing of ppb volatile biomarkers or response to UV light, showcasing their applicability as chemoresistors and visible-blind photodetectors.
A solvent-less green synthetic route toward a sustainable bio-based elastomer: design, synthesis, and characterization of poly(dibutyl itaconate-co-butadiene)
Authors: Zhou Xinxin , Ji Haijun , Hu Guo-Hua , Wang Runguo , Zhang Liqun
Published: October 2019

Synthesis of a novel bio-based elastomer based on bio-derived monomers by using a solvent-less synthetic strategy.
A facile fabrication of 1D/2D nanohybrids composed of NiCo-hydroxide nanowires and reduced graphene oxide for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Xu , Fan Qiuyu , Liu Siyu , Qu Ning , Yang He , Wang Man , Yang Juan
Published: October 2019

1D/2D nanohybrids composed of NiCo-hydroxide nanowires and graphene have been successfully fabricated by a simple method.
Understanding the enhanced electrical properties of free-standing graphene paper: the synergistic effect of iodide adsorption into graphene
Authors: Karthick R. , Hou Xianhua , Ru Qiang , Chandrasekaran S. Selva , Ramesh M. , Chen Fuming
Published: October 2019

Synergistic effect of electrical properties for tri-iodide adsorbed free-standing graphene paper upon different exposure time of GO papers in HI reducing agent for 0.5 hour (FSG1), 1 hour (FSG2) and 24 hour (FSG3).
Molecular imprinting on PtPd nanoflowers for selective recognition and determination of hydrogen peroxide and glucose
Authors: Fan Caini , Liu Junjia , Zhao Haiying , Li Ling , Liu Min , Gao Jing , Ma Li
Published: October 2019

PtPd nanoflowers (PtPd NFs) exhibit intrinsic peroxidase-like activity as nanozymes, but the nanozymes lack substrate specificity and have low catalytic activity.
Bolaamphiphilic properties and pH-dependent micellization of quercetin polyglycoside
Authors: Nargis Mahmuda , Ihsan Abu Bin , Koyama Yasuhito
Published: October 2019

Micelles comprising quercetin polyglycoside skeletons exhibit special pH-effects based on the integration of bulky polyglycosides on the surface.
Giant enhancement of tunable asymmetric transmission for circularly polarized waves in a double-layer graphene chiral metasurface
Authors: Zhou Jiaxin , Wang Yueke , Lu Mengjia , Ding Jian , Zhou Lei
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we propose a structure based on double-layer graphene-based planar chiral metasurface with J-shaped pattern to generate asymmetric transmission, which can reach to 16.64%.
Acoustic fields and microfluidic patterning around embedded micro-structures subject to surface acoustic waves
Authors: Collins David J. , O’Rorke Richard , Neild Adrian , Han Jongyoon , Ai Ye
Published: October 2019

Interactions between substrate waves and microchannel walls generate spatially localized periodic acoustic forces for microscale patterning activities. We develop analytical models that can be readily applied to predict this periodicity.
Dynamic surface-assisted assembly behaviours mediated by external stimuli
Authors: Peng Xuan , Zhao Fengying , Peng Yang , Li Jing , Zeng Qingdao
Published: October 2019

In this review, STM investigations reveal that surface-assisted assembly nanostructures can be well mediated by external stimuli, including guest species, light irradiation, temperature and electric field.
Highly proton conductive membranes based on carboxylated cellulose nanofibres and their performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Guccini Valentina , Carlson Annika , Yu Shun , Lindbergh Göran , Lindström Rakel Wreland , Salazar-Alvarez German
Published: October 2019

Thin carboxylated cellulose nanofibres are a suitable material to fabricate low temperature proton exchange membranes fuel cells.
A self-healing high-performance phosphorus composite anode enabled by in situ preformed intermediate lithium sulfides
Authors: Kong Weiqiang , Wen Zhongsheng , Zhou Zhaoyang , Wang Guanqin , Yin Jinpeng , Cui Liying , Sun Wei
Published: October 2019

Phosphorous–sulfur/carbon composite sulfur is strategically incorporated with phosphorous by P–S bonding. The formed solvable Li–S intermediates could be anchored on the surface of phosphorous by capillary and thus heal the cracks/defects.
Bulk recrystallization for efficient mixed-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lin Liangyou , Wang Jacob Tse-Wei , Jones Timothy W. , Grigore Mihaela , Cook Andre , deQuilettes Dane W. , Brenes Roberto , Duck Benjamin C. , Anderson Kenrick F. , Duffy Noel W. , Wenger Bernard , Bulović Vladimir , Pu Jian , Li Jian , Chi Bo , Snaith Henry J. , Wilson Gregory J.
Published: October 2019

A facile bulk recrystallization process remove excess PbI2 and improved the performance in perovskite solar cells.
Hole dynamic acceleration over CdSO nanoparticles for high-efficiency solar hydrogen production with urea photolysis
Authors: Luo Fengting , Qiao Wen , He Huichao , Xu Xiaoyong , Hu Jingguo , Zhou Yong , Wang Dunhui
Published: October 2019

Hole dynamics engineering over CdSxO NPs to couple HER with UOR against WOR for a solar-driven waste-to-energy solution.
Theoretical prediction and atomic-scale investigation of a tetra-VN2monolayer as a high energy alkali ion storage material for rechargeable batteries
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Dashuai , Liu Yanhui , Lian Ruqian , Gao Xinying , Chen Gang , Wei Yingjin
Published: October 2019

A new 2D transition metal nitride tetra-VN2monolayer with a superior rate capability and a high energy density could be used as a potential alkali ion storage material for high energy rechargeable batteries.