bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nurturing talents and creativity in youth: Challenge to contemporary world
Authors: Djordjevic Bosiljka , Maksic Slavica
Published: February 2006

The paper reviews approaches to the development of talents and creativity using surveys communicated in the 1975-2005 period at world, European and regional scientific conferences on gifted children and youth. Methods of studying and treating the gifted over the past three decades were analyzed on the basis of data available in records, proceedings of papers and other publications of the mentioned conferences as well as of personal findings of the present paper?s authors who participated in some of those conferences. In addition to identifying the subjects that captured attention of researchers and practitioners in a certain period of time, an attempt was made to describe trends in studying them and those likely ones for future work. The results indicate that the most frequent subjects under study were problems facing conception and definition of giftedness, talents and creativity, instruments for identifying gifted individuals, and manners of providing adequate education for them. Over time there was an increase in the number of studies related to identifying specific personality traits of a gifted individual and his environment, critical for his development and achievement. It is noticeable that interest in gifted children and youth is growing all the time, involving not only researchers and teachers but parents, the gifted themselves and other important social groups and institutions. It is concluded that encouraging talents and creativity in youth is a challenge to contemporary world, which will determine its future.
Effects of student physical attractiveness
Authors: Krnjajic Stevan
Published: February 2006

Implicit personality theories suggest that people draw conclusions about other persons by using a relatively small number of visible features. The formation of "the first impression" is influenced by the factors, such as sex, age, appearances, race or nationality. Frequently, conclusions based on those factors lead to developing social stereotypes. Attractiveness is a good example of "the first impression" effect, because physical attractiveness entails the creation of impression about another person along a relatively great number of dimensions. Experimental paradigm, introduced in the sphere of interpersonal perception around the mid-20th century, led to a relatively great number of studies on stereotype based on physical attractiveness. One of the most often quoted conclusions of studies on physical attractiveness is summarized by the idiom "what is beautiful is good". For example, socially desirable personality traits (responsibility kindness, energy quality, modesty), more successful private and professional life, are all attributed to physically attractive persons. In addition physical attractiveness is coupled with positive expectations, peer acceptance, academic achievement etc. On the basis of studies on the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype, we have situated our analysis within the domain of roles regulating social interaction between teachers and students i.e. effects of physical attractiveness on teacher expectations, peer acceptance and academic achievement.
Global contradictions and education for democracy
Authors: Avramovic Zoran
Published: February 2006

The paper presents a critical approach to globalization as a major social process nowadays and globalization as an ideology. Globalization is a contradictory process of modern society with uncertain outcome. Ideologists of democracy would like to find a universal solution to modern-day problems in this power order. In the 20th century problems with democracy multiplied with the increasingly important role of the media, confrontations in multinational countries and political manipulations. The UN endorses the restriction of national sovereignty for the benefit of democracy and human rights. However, in reality this idea is often used for the sake of certain geopolitical interests. The paper points out difficulties of education for "global" democracy. Problems of professional education in schools are discussed. The conclusion emphasizes the problem of incorporating global differences in national educational programs for democracy.
Cognitive aspect of education for democracy
Authors: Djurisic-Bojanovic Mirosava
Published: February 2006

Education for democracy is of particular importance for a society undergoing democratization. The paper investigates a cognitive aspect of education for democracy, and identifies psychological predispositions for the acceptance of plurality of ideas as a central indicator of democratic thinking. The acceptance of plurality is defined as the ability of an individual to consider different arguments in controversial topics, to accept the existence of different ideas in a discussion as well as different explanations. This psychological phenomenon integrates certain cognitive affective and conative characteristics. The acceptance of plurality of ideas is a fundamental prerequisite for democratic communication, therefore a prerequisite for the creation of democratic climate in a society. The concept of cognitive style has been examined from the perspective of different research traditions in an attempt to identify a psychological profile of cognitive style, provisionally named pluralist profile, which would help an individual behave democratically. The paper also studies the connection between the manner of thinking, personality characteristics and cognitive style. It is the author?s conclusion that it is reasonable to assume that there are ways to encourage the development of pluralistic cognitive style by practicing the acceptance of different ideas through teaching process which would significantly improve the effectiveness of education for democracy.
Family background of elementary music school pupils
Authors: Bogunovic Blanka
Published: February 2006

The theoretical concept of the research relies on the assumption of high-quality and supportive family background of elementary music school pupils as a basis for their musical development and success in different forms of musical activity. The aim of the research is a description on the social-demographical profile and relevant characteristics of their family background before and during early musical education. The sample comprises 506 fathers and 512 mothers whose children attend five different elementary music school. The method is explorative and deals with a sphere that has not been researched in this manner in our society to date. The results point to the existence of a typical musically encouraging and stimulating environment and continuous presence of various forms of family encouragement, support and musical stimulation. Trans-cultural family model of a music student is defined. The structure of family indictors leads to the conclusion about the definite existence of constant parental involvement during pre-school and early school period, as well as parental joint and separate actions which are complemented at different ages of the children, in different areas of actions and in different activity patterns. A practical contribution of the research is to help understanding the importance of parental role in gifted children?s musical development and progress and consequently the need for the establishment of cooperation between music schools and parents.
Individual characteristics and religiousness among adolescents
Authors: Joksimovic Snezana
Published: February 2006

The paper analyses the research data on religiousness collected at different periods in Serbia and former Yugoslavia. The aim of the paper is to point to the tendencies in religious practice and the expansion of religiousness among young people in different periods, as well as individual psychological factors of religiousness. The data shows that the number of young people who declare themselves religious has increased significantly in the last 15 years, compared to the period of a quarter of century ago. In addition to the revival of tradition as an answer to social crisis and uncertainty which affects young people most, the increase in religiousness is connected to certain forms of social democratization as well as it being socially desirable. The data on social-demographic correlates of religiousness shows that the degree of religiousness varies depending on the age, gender, social background and education level. However, the more recent research data shows that these differences have become smaller which indicates a certain homogenization among young people. Religiousness is consistently and positively connected to authoritarianism, conformism and intolerance, while certain changes have occurred in regard to its connection with desirable social values. Similar to the tendency observed in other research on values the data on factors and correlates of religiousness, especially among young people, point to a specific value relativism and confused values.
The role of encouragement in primary schools
Authors: Lalic Natasa
Published: February 2006

Encouragement can be applied in several important segments: creation of a positive social and emotional atmosphere, creation of a positive learning environment, use of preventive techniques in some discipline-related situations, type of intervention when dealing with behavioral problems of students and in the strategy of strengthening students self-confidence. The paper deals with the frequency and manners in which encouragement is used. One of the primary segments in which encouragement is exercised is teacher-student relation, where both verbal and non-verbal encouragement approval, praise, reward and example have large rational and emotional significance. The research comprises the results of systematic observation of individual encouragement tools with their characteristics and functions in primary school teaching practice. The research has been conducted in three primary schools in Belgrade. The quantitative indicators show the reduced frequency of encouragement with the growing age of students. The collected results reveal that in relation to the tested variables the teacher?s personality plays an important role. This suggests the need for teachers to be instructed on the possibilities and conditions for the use of encouragement with primary school children.
Unilateral uveitis in a dog with uveodermatologic syndrome
Authors: Sigle Kelly J. , McLellan Gillian J. , Haynes Joseph S. , Myers Ronald K. , Betts Daniel M.
Published: February 2006

Case Description—A 7-year-old Siberian Husky-type dog with heterochromia irides was evaluated because of signs of pain associated with the right eye.

Clinical Findings—Unilateral panuveitis, iris bombé, and secondary glaucoma were detected in the right eye. Tear production was low bilaterally. Facial and truncal poliosis and vitiligo were also evident; skin biopsy specimens were obtained from the nasal planum. Uveodermatologic syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of histopathologic findings of a lichenoid interface dermatitis and pigmentary incontinence within the dermis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on skin samples retrospectively, and findings were inconclusive.

Treatment and Outcome—Treatment involved topical (ocular) and oral administration of corticosteroids, oral administration of azathioprine, and topical (ocular) administration of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a lacrimostimulant. The secondary glaucoma was refractory to treatment, and the right eye was enucleated. Uveodermatologic syndrome was confirmed via histologic examination of ocular tissues. The left eye remained free of inflammation 16 months after the initial diagnosis. The periocular skin and skin of the nose partially regained pigment, but the hair did not.

Clinical Relevance—Some breeds in which uveodermatologic syndrome has been reported (eg, Siberian Huskies, Old English Sheepdogs, Australian Shepherds, and Shetland Sheepdogs) often have heterochromia irides. This case highlights the fact that dogs with asymmetric uveal pigmentation may have unilateral ocular changes; therefore, uveodermatologic syndrome should not be excluded as a differential diagnosis on the basis of unilateral clinical signs.
FLIM‐FRET‐based analysis of S100A11/annexin interactions in living cells
Authors: Melle Christian , Hoffmann Birgit , Wiesenburg Annett , Biskup Christoph
Published: February 2024

Proteins achieve their biological functions in cells by cooperation in protein complexes. In this study, we employed fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)‐based Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements to investigate protein complexes comprising S100A11 and different members of the annexin (ANX) family, such as ANXA1, ANXA2, ANXA4, ANXA5, and AnxA6, in living cells. Using an S100A11 mutant without the capacity for Ca2+ binding, we found that Ca2+ binding of S100A11 is important for distinct S100A11/ANXA2 complex formation; however, ANXA1‐containing complexes were unaffected by this mutant. An increase in the intracellular calcium concentration induced calcium ionophores, which strengthened the ANXA2/S100A11 interaction. Furthermore, we were able to show that S100A11 also interacts with ANXA4 in living cells. The FLIM‐FRET approach used here can serve as a tool to analyze interactions between S100A11 and distinct annexins under physiological conditions in living cells.
The Biologically Active Biopolymer Silk: The Antibacterial Effects of Solubilized Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin with Common Wound Pathogens
Authors: Egan Gemma , Hannah Aiden J. , Donnelly Sean , Connolly Patricia , Seib F. Philipp
Published: February 2024

Antibacterial properties are desirable in wound dressings. Silks, among many material formats, have been investigated for use in wound care. However, the antibacterial properties of liquid silk are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the inherent antibacterial properties of a Bombyx mori silk fibroin solution. Silk fibroin solutions containing ≥ 4% w/v silk fibroin do not support the growth of two common wound pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When liquid silk is added to a wound pad and placed on inoculated culture plates mimicking wound fluid, silk is bacteriostatic. Viability tests of the bacterial cells in the presence of liquid silk show that cells remain intact within the silk but could not be cultured. Liquid silk appears to provide a hostile environment for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and inhibits growth without disrupting the cell membrane. This effect can be beneficial for wound healing and supports future healthcare applications for silk. This observation also indicates that liquid silk stored prior to processing is unlikely to experience microbial spoilage.
Ferroptosis in Glaucoma: A Promising Avenue for Therapy
Authors: Zhu Jingyun , Chen Hui , Wu Jian , Li Sen , Lin Wanying , Wang Ningli , Bai Lang
Published: February 2024

Glaucoma, a blind‐leading disease largely since chronic pathological intraocular high pressure (ph‐IOP). Hitherto, it is reckoned incurable for irreversible neural damage and challenges in managing IOP. Thus, it is significant to develop neuroprotective strategies. Ferroptosis, initially identified as an iron‐dependent regulated death that triggers Fenton reactions and culminates in lipid peroxidation (LPO), has emerged as a focal point in multiple tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. Researches show that iron homeostasis play critical roles in the optic nerve (ON) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), suggesting targeted treatments could be effective. In glaucoma, apart from neural lesions, disrupted metal balance and increased oxidative stress in trabecular meshwork (TM) are observed. These disturbances lead to extracellular matrix excretion disorders, known as sclerotic mechanisms, resulting in refractory blockages. Importantly, oxidative stress, a significant downstream effect of ferroptosis, is also a key factor in cell senescence. It plays a crucial role in both the etiology and risk of glaucoma. Moreover, ferroptosis also induces non‐infectious inflammation, which exacerbate glaucomatous injury. Therefore, the relevance of ferroptosis in glaucoma is extensive and multifaceted. In this review, the study delves into the current understanding of ferroptosis mechanisms in glaucoma, aiming to provide clues to inform clinical therapeutic practices.
Chitin‐Based Functional Films for the Colorimetric Detection of Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Han Dong Jin , Park In Woo , Zhang Chengmin , Heo Kwang , Lee Byung Yang
Published: February 2024

A new method is developed for producing large‐area color thin films for the colorimetric detection of ethylene glycol. This method is based on thermal evaporation of chitin. This process enables easy manipulation of the thickness and color patterns of the film by using shadow masks and repeated evaporation. This film is used to demonstrate a colorimetric sensor for the detection of ethylene glycol gas. The use of chitin allows the manufacture of inexpensive and environment‐friendly gas detectors. When the film is exposed to target gas, the film reacts with ethylene glycol and hydroxyl group on the chitin‐film by etherification. Then the films undergo both chemical and structural changes, resulting in color changes at low ppm concentrations. It is able to compare the sensor reaction to gases with and without the hydroxyl group. The selectivity of the sensor is confirmed by analyzing the gas containing the hydroxyl group through the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method. It is expected that the results will be utilized to provide low‐cost and low‐power systems for gas monitoring.
Tough, Anti‐Fatigue, Self‐Adhesive, and Anti‐Freezing Hydrogel Electrolytes for Dendrite‐Free Flexible Zinc Ion Batteries and Strain Sensors
Authors: Chen Zong‐Ju , Shen Tian‐Yu , Zhang Min‐Hao , Xiao Xiong , Wang Hong‐Qin , Lu Qing‐Ru , Luo Yan‐Long , Jin Zhong , Li Cheng‐Hui
Published: February 2024

Quasi‐solid aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) based on flexible hydrogel electrolytes are promising substitutions of lithium‐ion batteries owing to their intrinsic safety, low cost, eco‐friendliness and wearability. However, it remains a challenge to lower the freezing point without sacrificing the fundamental advantages of hydrogel electrolytes such as conductivity and mechanical properties. Herein, an all‐around hydrogel electrolyte is constructed through a convenient energy dissipation strategy via the rapid and reversible intramolecular/intermolecular ligand exchanges between Zn2+ and alterdentate ligands. The as‐obtained hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, high Zn‐ion conductivity (38.2 mS cm−1), good adhesion (19.1 kPa), and ultra‐low freezing point (−97 °C). Due to the alterdentate ligands help to improve the zinc ion solvation structure and guide uniform Zn deposition, the Zn||Zn symmetric cells show stable plating/stripping behavior and long‐term cycle stability. The Zn||V2O5 full cells exhibit large capacity of 230.6 mAh g−1 and high capacity retention of 75.2% after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, flexible AZIBs operate stably even under extreme conditions including low temperature (−40 °C) and large bending angle (180°). The mechanically damage‐resistant hydrogel can also be utilized in flexible strain sensors. This work offers a facile strategy for developing mechanically deformation‐resistant, dendrite‐free, and environmentally adaptable AZIBs.
Large Anomalous Hall Effect at Room Temperature in a Fermi‐Level‐Tuned Kagome Antiferromagnet
Authors: Song Linxuan , Zhou Feng , Li Hang , Ding Bei , Li Xue , Xi Xuekui , Yao Yuan , Lau Yong‐Chang , Wang Wenhong
Published: February 2024

The recent discoveries of surprisingly large anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in antiferromagnets have attracted much attention due to their promising use in spintronics devices. However, such AHE‐hosting antiferromagnetic materials are rare in nature. Herein, it is demonstrated that Mn2.4Ga, a Fermi‐level‐tuned kagome antiferromagnet, has a large anomalous Hall conductivity of ≈150 Ω−1 cm−1 at room temperature that surpasses the usual high values (i.e., 20–50 Ω−1 cm−1) observed so far in two outstanding kagome antiferromagnets, Mn3Sn and Mn3Ge. Although the triangular spin structure of Mn2.4Ga shows a weak net magnetic moment of ≈0.05 µB per formula unit, it guarantees a nonzero Berry curvature in the kagome plane. Moreover, the anomalous Hall conductivity exhibits a sign reversal with the rotation of a small magnetic field that can be ascribed to the field‐controlled chirality of the spin triangular structure. This theoretical calculations further suggest that the large AHE in Mn2.4Ga originates from a significantly enhanced Berry curvature associated with the tuning of the Fermi level close to the Weyl points. These properties, together with the ability to manipulate moment orientations using a moderate external magnetic field, make Mn2.4Ga extremely exciting for future antiferromagnetic spintronics.
Design and Control of the Magnetically Actuated Micro/Nanorobot Swarm toward Biomedical Applications
Authors: Lu Lu , Zhao Hongqiao , Lu Yucong , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Xinran , Fan Chengjuan , Li Zesheng , Wu Zhiguang
Published: February 2024

Recently, magnetically actuated micro/nanorobots hold extensive promises in biomedical applications due to their advantages of noninvasiveness, fuel‐free operation, and programmable nature. While effectively promised in various fields such as targeted delivery, most past investigations are mainly displayed in magnetic control of individual micro/nanorobots. Facing practical medical use, the micro/nanorobots are required for the development of swarm control in a closed‐loop control manner. This review outlines the recent developments in magnetic micro/nanorobot swarms, including their actuating fundamentals, designs, controls, and biomedical applications. The fundamental principles and interactions involved in the formation of magnetic micro/nanorobot swarms are discussed first. The recent advances in the design of artificial and biohybrid micro/nanorobot swarms, along with the control devices and methods used for swarm manipulation, are presented. Furthermore, biomedical applications that have the potential to achieve clinical application are introduced, such as imaging‐guided therapy, targeted delivery, embolization, and biofilm eradication. By addressing the potential challenges discussed toward the end of this review, magnetic micro/nanorobot swarms hold promise for clinical treatments in the future.
COF/In2S3 S‐Scheme Photocatalyst with Enhanced Light Absorption and H2O2‐Production Activity and fs‐TA Investigation
Authors: Qiu Junyi , Meng Kai , Zhang Yong , Cheng Bei , Zhang Jianjun , Wang Linxi , Yu Jiaguo
Published: February 2024

Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) synthesis from water and O2 is an economical, eco‐friendly, and sustainable route for H2O2 production. However, single‐component photocatalysts are subjected to limited light‐harvesting range, fast carrier recombination, and weak redox power. To promote photogenerated carrier separation and enhance redox abilities, an organic/inorganic S‐scheme photocatalyst is fabricated by in situ growing In2S3 nanosheets on a covalent organic framwork (COF) substrate for efficient H2O2 production in pure water. Interestingly, compared to unitary COF and In2S3, the COF/In2S3 S‐scheme photocatalysts exhibit significantly larger light‐harvesting range and stronger visible‐light absorption. Partial density of state calculation, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveal that the coordination between In2S3 and COF induces the formation of mid‐gap hybrid energy levels, leading to smaller energy gaps and broadened absorption. Combining electron spin resonance spectroscopy, radical‐trapping experiments, and isotope labeling experiments, three pathways for H2O2 formation are identified. Benefited from expanded light‐absorption range, enhanced carrier separation, strong redox power, and multichannel H2O2 formation, the optimal composite shows an impressive H2O2‐production rate of 5713.2 µmol g−1 h−1 in pure water. This work exemplifies an effective strategy to ameliorate COF‐based photocatalysts by building S‐scheme heterojunctions and provides molecular‐level insights into their impact on energy level modulation.
Spin Coupling in the Initial Stages of the Zinc‐Blende MnN Growth on the CrN (111) Surface
Authors: Moreno‐Hernández Juan Carlos , Ponce‐Pérez Rodrigo , Hernández Cocoletzi Gregorio , Takeuchi Noboru
Published: February 2024

Spin‐polarized first‐principles calculations are carried out to study the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the MnN growth on the CrN (111) surface. Different magnetic configurations between Mn‐deposited atoms and the substrate are considered. The H3 site is the most favorable site for the adoption and incorporation cases and the Mn spins switch from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic arrangement. The minimum energy pathway for the Mn diffusion is calculated, showing magnetic modifications in the substrate. A structural transition from tetragonal rock‐salt to zinc‐blende (ZB) structure as the number of MnN deposited layers increases is noticed. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrates that the growth of MnN on CrN is feasible. The density of states for an MnN layer with an extra nitrogen layer shows a half‐metallic behavior and the remaining structures exhibit a metallic character. The ZB‐MnN structures have an antiferromagnetic behavior with a metallic character. Magnetic anisotropy energies reveal a switching of easy magnetization axis, from in‐plane to out‐of‐plane with the formation of MnN on the surface. These results suggest that the CrN/ZB‐MnN system may be employed in antiferromagnetic spintronics applications as the fabrication of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions.
Sulfur Solutions: Advancing High Voltage and High Energy Lithium Batteries with Organosulfur Electrolytes
Authors: Dato Michael A. , Edgington Jane , Hung Chengi , Sinha Rochit , Liu Ziqi , Lopez Jeffrey , Guo Juchen , He Meinan , Su Chi‐Cheung
Published: February 2024

Achieving energy densities exceeding 350 Wh kg−1 while operating at elevated voltages (>4.5 V vs Li/Li+) is attainable through judicious selection of electrochemical pairs at the cathode and anode. However, current state‐of‐the‐art electrolytes exhibit limited stability when exposed to systems operating at or above 4.3 V. This limitation contributes to the degradation of electrode materials and raises critical safety concerns, impeding the commercialization of such systems. Consequently, there has been a notable surge in research efforts aimed at developing innovative electrolyte compositions capable of supporting high‐voltage lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). A substantial portion of this research has focused on the family of organosulfur molecules, which possess high oxidative stability. Organosulfur salts also facilitate the formation of dense, ionically conductive solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI) and demonstrate excellent solubility. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the field of organosulfur electrolyte components for their applications in energy storage, encompassing solvents, alternative conducting salts, and additives. It emphasizes the idea that the deliberate design of electrolyte compositions is instrumental in controlling electrode passivation, with organosulfur‐based structures historically proving advantageous in every aspect of the electrolyte. Crucially, it should be noted that many of these components are commercially available, holding significant implications for industrial applications.
Advanced Design of Light‐Assisted Nanogenerators with Multifunctional Perovskites
Authors: Yin Xin , Fu Hong , Xu Bingang
Published: February 2024

Enormous efforts are invested in developing multi‐energy harvesting technology with simple configuration and high conversion efficiency, and light‐assisted nanogenerators are considered a promising solution. Multifunctional perovskites are explored for this light‐assisted nanogenerator, owing to its powerful platform characteristics for integrating multiple energy conversion mechanisms and multi‐effects coupling phenomenon. Therefore, with the rapid progress of this emerging field, a timely and comprehensive review of this light‐assisted nanogenerator is urgently needed for updating the fundamental understanding of coupling mechanism and material‐device‐performance relationship. In this review, recent advancements of the perovskite light‐assisted nanogenerator with their advanced designs are presented. First, the fundamental properties co‐existing in perovskites are briefly introduced, as well as some emerging effects (e.g., flexoelectric). Subsequently, the further coupling mechanism between photovoltaic effect and other energy conversion effects in different light‐assisted nanogenerator are discussed in categories. And the output characteristics and potential application of various coupled devices are systematically described from the perspective of perovskites selection and device engineering. Finally, some perspectives on existing challenges and further development for light‐assisted nanogenerator are put forward, with the aim to provide useful guidance for the design of advanced devices.
Sexual dimorphism in the enamel‐dentine junction (EDJ) of permanent canines of European modern humans
Authors: García‐Campos Cecilia , Yacobi Izquierdo Cecilia , Modesto‐Mata Mario , Martín‐Francés Laura , Martínez de Pinillos Marina , Martinón‐Torres María , Perea Perez Bernárdo , Bermúdez de Castro José María , García‐Martínez Daniel
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Dental anthropological investigations into sexual dimorphism have conventionally concentrated on evaluating the dimensions and configuration of the enamel cap of canines. However, the morphology of the crown dentine surface can be closely linked to that of the enamel surface. This link can facilitate examination of crown morphology even when the enamel surface is slightly worn. Here, we determine if the morphology of the enamel‐dentine junction (EDJ) differs within (maxillary vs. mandibular) and between a sample of male (n = 26) and female (n = 21) contemporary human permanent canines from Europe.

Methods

The morphological data of the EDJ were gathered employing a template comprising 96 landmarks and sliding semilandmarks. Subsequently, the data underwent analysis through form space principal component analysis following Procrustes registration, utilizing standard 3D geometric morphometric techniques.

Results

Significant differences in the morphology of the EDJ were observed between the sexes, particularly concerning the overall shape of the crown, the symmetry of the mesial and distal edges, and the development of the distal accessory ridge.

Conclusions

Sex differences in the morphology of the EDJ could relate in part to retention of the canine‐premolar honing complex in males. Our results indicate that analyses of the permanent canine EDJ may potentially provide a novel method for estimating the sex of adult and nonadult skeletons.
Spectral Determinant of the Two‐Photon Quantum Rabi Model [Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 2023, 535, 2200519]
Authors: Braak Daniel
Published: February 2024

Contrary to the statement made in Section 2.2. and a paper by Ng et al., the Hamiltonian of the two‐photon quantum Rabi model is self‐adjoint for all . Other results of the article are not affected.
Singlet Fission in a New Series of Systematically Designed Through‐space Coupled Tetracene Oligomers
Authors: Majdecki Maciej , Hsu Chao‐Hsien , Wang Chih‐Hsing , Shi Emily Hsue‐Chi , Zakrocka Magdalena , Wei Yu‐Chen , Chen Bo‐Han , Lu Chih‐Hsuan , Yang Shang‐Da , Chou Pi‐Tai , Gaweł Przemysław
Published: February 2024

Singlet fission (SF) holds great promise for current photovoltaic technologies, where tetracenes, with their relatively high triplet energies, play a major role for application in silicon‐based solar cells. However, the SF efficiencies in tetracene dimers are low due to the unfavorable energetics of their singlet and triplet energy levels. In the solid state, tetracene exhibits high yields of triplet formation through SF, raising great interest about the underlying mechanisms. To address this discrepancy, we designed and prepared a novel molecular system based on a hexaphenylbenzene core decorated with 2 to 6 tetracene chromophores. The spatial arrangement of tetracene units, induced by steric hindrance in the central part, dictates through‐space coupling, making it a relevant model for solid‐state chromophore organization. We then revealed a remarkable increase in SF quantum yield with the number of tetracenes, reaching quantitative (196 %) triplet pair formation in hexamer. We observed a short‐lived correlated triplet pair and limited magnetic effects, indicating ineffective triplet dissociation in these through‐space coupled systems. These findings emphasize the crucial role of the number of chromophores involved and the interchromophore arrangement for the SF efficiency. The insights gained from this study will aid designing more efficient and technology‐compatible SF systems for applications in photovoltaics.
Improving the anticancer activity of fluorinated glucosamine and galactosamine analogs by attachment of a ferrocene or ruthenium tetrazene motif
Authors: Hamala Vojtěch , Ondrášková Kateřina , Červenková Šťastná Lucie , Krčil Aleš , Müllerová Monika , Kurfiřt Martin , Hiršová Kateřina , Holčáková Jitka , Gyepes Róbert , Císařová Ivana , Bernášková Jana , Hrstka Roman , Karban Jindřich
Published: February 2024

Acylated N‐acetyl hexosamine hemiacetals are known for their cytotoxicity. We have previously reported that cytotoxicity can be increased by replacing one or more acyloxy groups with fluorine. Herein, we present the synthesis of 4,6‐difluorinated d‐gluco‐ and 4‐fluorinated d‐galacto‐configured hexosamine‐derived glycoconjugates with organoruthenium or ferrocene complexes and their in vitro cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines (A2780, SK‐OV‐3, and MDA‐MB‐231) and one noncancerous cell line (HEK‐293). The attachment of the organometallic moiety at the 2‐position significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity, especially against triple‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 and the cisplatin resistant SK‐OV‐3 cancer cells. We observed a clear significance of an unprotected and acetyl protected anomeric hydroxyl for the cytotoxicity. Glycoconjugates with a non‐hydrolysable organic or organometallic group at the anomeric position were generally nontoxic. A more detailed analysis revealed that, in particular, complexes with the ruthenium tetrazene complex induced apoptosis in both SK‐OV‐3 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, as demonstrated by western blot analysis and Annexin V‐FITC/PI staining. The structures of the two most cytotoxic organoruthenium and ferrocene glycoconjugates were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Studies on structural, dielectric and charge transport properties of PVA:LiBr solid polymer electrolyte films
Authors: Hegde Shreedatta , Vasachar Ravindrachary , Sagar Rohan Nandeesh , Ismayil  , Sanjeev Ganesh
Published: February 2024

In the present study, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) doped with lithium bromide (LiBr) were prepared by solution casting method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results affirm the complexation of LiBr with PVA. X‐ray diffraction results exhibit the increase of amorphous nature of the polymer electrolytes, which is also observed in scanning electron microscopy images and atomic force microscopy topographs. Thermogravimetric analysis thermographs endorse the increase of thermal stability of the polymer due to doping. Dielectric studies exhibit non‐Debye nature of the polymer electrolytes. Conductivity spectra reveal the maximum ionic conductivity (1.15 × 10−4 S/cm) for 20 wt% LiBr/PVA electrolyte at ambient temperature. Impedance analysis reveals the decrease of ionic relaxation in the polymer electrolytes and the studied transport properties of the electrolyte show that the major contribution to the conduction in this polymer electrolyte is ions.
Mechanical behavior of bio‐inspired composites made of co‐continuous geopolymer and 3D‐printed polymer
Authors: Pang Siyuan , Mahrous Mahmoud A. , Trindade Ana Carolina Constancio , Kozych Andrij , Kale Nupur , Kriven Waltraud M. , Jasiuk Iwona
Published: February 2024

Geopolymers (GPs) are emerging, low‐density ceramic materials that are simple to manufacture, with high elastic modulus and strength, albeit with low toughness. Fiber reinforcements have been used to achieve varied ductile behaviors, but little is known about the GP addition to polymeric frame structures. Thus, drawing inspiration from the nanostructure of bones, this paper investigated an interpenetrating, co‐continuous composite consisting of a GP as the stiff but brittle phase, and a 3D‐printed polymer (PA12 White) as the soft and deformable phase. The composite mechanical properties and failure modes were studied experimentally using uniaxial compression and four‐point bending tests. The co‐continuous network constrained brittle cracking within the GP and reduced strain localization in the polymer. The results showed that the composite had higher strength (56.11 ± 2.12 MPa) and elastic modulus (6.08 ± 1.37 GPa) than the 3D‐printed polymer and had higher toughness (5.98 ± 0.24 MJ/mm3) than the GP for the specific geometries examined. The shape effect study demonstrated that cubic structures had higher elastic modulus and strength but at the expense of lower toughness when compared to rectangular prism structures. The study of scale effects indicated that increasing the number of periodic unit cells while maintaining consistent bulk dimensions led to augmented strength and toughness, albeit without statistically significant alterations in elastic modulus. Thus, this paper presents an experimental realization of a novel, bio‐inspired, interpenetrating, GP–polymer composite design, offering improved strength and toughness. It also provides valuable insights into the shape and size effects on the mechanical properties of this new composite.
Identification of neuropeptides and their G protein‐coupled receptors in the predatory stink bug, Arma custos (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Huang Chunyang , Dong Xiangli , Yang Xiang , Zou Jingmiao , Yang Mingwei , Wang Xinyi , Li Wenhong , He Yueping
Published: February 2024

The predatory stink bug Arma custos has been selected as an effective biological control agent and has been successfully massly bred and released into fields for the control of a diverse insect pests. As a zoophytophagous generalist, A. custos relies on a complex neuropeptide signaling system to prey on distinct food and adapt to different environments. However, information about neuropeptide signaling genes in A. custos has not been reported to date. In the present study, a total of 57 neuropeptide precursor transcripts and 41 potential neuropeptide G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) transcripts were found mainly using our sequenced transcriptome data. Furthermore, a number of neuropeptides and their GPCR receptors that were enriched in guts and salivary glands of A. custos were identified, which might play critical roles in feeding and digestion. Our study provides basic information for an in‐depth understanding of biological and ecological characteristics of the predatory bug and would aid in the development of better pest management strategies based on the effective utilization and protection of beneficial natural enemies.
Analysis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 interaction on aptamer‐probed interdigitated electrode for breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Hao Yingxin , Gopinath Subash C. B.
Published: February 2024

Breast cancer has been reported to be high in its incidence with women, and early identification of breast cancer helps to improve and provide an effective treatment. Tumor markers are active substances; in particular, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is over‐expressed at the level of 20%–30%. This research work developed a highly sensitive HER2 biosensor on the interdigitated electrode (IDE) by using aptamer as a detection probe. To enhance the analytical performances, aptamer was attached to the gold nanoparticle and immobilized on the IDE through a chemical linker [(3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane]. On the aptamer conjugation, HER2 was quantified through current‐volt measurements, and the limit of detection of HER2 was calculated as 1 pg/mL on a linear range from 0.1 to 3000 pg/mL at anR2(regression coefficient) of 0.9657. Further, a selective performance with human serum increased the current responses by increasing HER2 concentrations. Specific experiments with control protein and complementary aptamer sequence failed to enhance the current responses. This HER2 biosensor reflects the occurrence of breast cancer at its lower abundance and helps to identify the associated complications.
Pairing Non‐Solvating Cosolvent with Weakly Solvating Solvents for Facile Desolvation to Enable EC‐Free and High‐Rate Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Qijun , Zeng Ziqi , Qin Mingsheng , Yang Tao , Ma Hongyun , Ji Sheng , Huang Ling , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia
Published: February 2024

The advancement of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) calls for superior electrolyte design to satisfy the booming demands of energy storage markets. Despite being typically indispensable in modern electrolytes, ethylene carbonate (EC) exhibits strong affinity with Li+ and derives organic‐rich SEI, leading to sluggish interfacial dynamics and unsatisfied rate capability. Here, we construct a kinetically favorable electrolyte based on linear carbonates (DMC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) with functional non‐solvating cosolvent, fluorobenzene (FB). Specifically, DMC and FEC, as weak binding solvents, show facile interfacial kinetics. FB enables a loose coordination chemistry through dipole‐dipole interaction, further lubricating Li+ desolvation and transport through SEI at interphase, which accelerates electrochemical kinetics and enables improved rate performance (257 mA h g−1 is achieved for graphite at 6 C). Moreover, the optimized electrolyte shows decent graphite compatibility, long‐term stability (75 % capacity retention after 350 cycles for NCM622/graphite pouch cells at 1 C) and wide‐temperature adaptability (−40~160 °C). This work reveals that dipole‐dipole interaction between non‐solvating cosolvents and solvents can effectively lower desolvation energy barrier and ultimately enable good rate capability, which provides a new avenue for designing EC‐free electrolyte in high‐rate LIBs.
Use ofOneNoteclass notebook as a combined electronic laboratory notebook and content delivery tool in an introductory biochemistry laboratory course
Authors: Khan‐Trottier Ahlia
Published: February 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic has forced a shift in thinking regarding the safe delivery of wet laboratory courses. While we were fortunate to have the capacity to continue delivering wet laboratory experiments with physical distancing and other measures in place, modifications to the mechanisms of delivery within courses were necessary to minimize risk to students and teaching staff. One such modification was introduced in BCH370H, an introductory biochemistry laboratory course, where a OneNote Class Notebook (ONCN) was used as an electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) in place of the traditional hardbound paper laboratory notebook (PLN) used prior to the pandemic. The initial reasoning for switching to an ELN was around safety—allowing course staff and students to maintain physical distancing whenever possible and eliminating the need for teaching assistants to handle student notebooks; however, the benefits of the ONCN proved to be significantly more. OneNote acted not only as a place for students to record notes but the Class Notebook's unique features allowed easy integration of other important aspects of the course, including delivery of laboratory manuals, posting of student results, notetaking feedback, sharing of instructional materials with teaching assistants, and more. Student and teacher experiences with the ONCN as used within a fully in person biochemistry laboratory course, as well as learned best practices, are reviewed.
If you are learner‐centered and you know it, raise your hand: Perspectives on and implementation of pedagogical changes by science instructors during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Donham Cristine , Hong Hanbo , Signorini Adriana , Menke Erik , Kranzfelder Petra
Published: February 2024

Students at Minority‐Serving Institutions (MSIs) faced significant hardships while trying to learn through emergency remote teaching (ERT) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our research aims to investigate if science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) instructors thought about and enacted more learner‐centered teaching practices to alleviate some of this stress encountered by their students. Using semi‐structured interviews and classroom observations, we utilized inductive and deductive qualitative research methods to examine two questions: (1) To what extent were STEM instructor's perceived pedagogical changes learner‐centered during ERT?; and (2) To what extent were STEM instructor's teaching behaviors and discourse practices learner‐centered during ERT? Our findings revealed that during ERT, STEM instructors described using a variety of pedagogical changes that we identified as learner‐centered under the Weimer framework, including ideas such as enacting flexible late policies and increased usage of formative assessment. Interestingly, we found that many of these learned‐centered changes were happening outside of the classroom. Classroom observations assessing instructor behaviors and discourse demonstrated that STEM instructors enacted practices that aligned with Weimer's five constructs of learner‐centered teaching. Our research highlights implications of learner‐centered teaching practices for STEM instructors as well as researchers.
Crystallographically vacancy‐induced MOF nanosheet as rational single‐atom support for accelerating CO2 electroreduction to CO
Authors: Cho Jin Hyuk , Ma Joonhee , Lee Chaehyeon , Lim Jin Wook , Kim Youngho , Jang Ho Yeon , Kim Jaehyun , Seo Myung‐gi , Choi Youngheon , Jang Youn Jeong , Ahn Sang Hyun , Jang Ho Won , Back Seoin , Lee Jong‐Lam , Kim Soo Young
Published: February 2024

To attain a circular carbon economy and resolve CO2 electroreduction technology obstacles, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as a logical option for electrocatalysis because of their extraordinary catalytic activity. Among SACs, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been recognized as promising support materials because of their exceptional ability to prevent metal aggregation. This study shows that atomically dispersed Ni single atoms on a precisely engineered MOF nanosheet display a high Faradaic efficiency of approximately 100% for CO formation in H‐cell and three‐compartment microfluidic flow‐cell reactors and an excellent turnover frequency of 23,699 h−1, validating their intrinsic catalytic potential. These results suggest that crystallographic variations affect the abundant vacancy sites on the MOF nanosheets, which are linked to the evaporation of Zn‐containing organic linkers during pyrolysis. Furthermore, using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, a comprehensive investigation of the unsaturated atomic coordination environments and the underlying mechanism involving CO* preadsorbed sites as initial states was possible and provided valuable insights.