bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Supply Chain Management Strategies for Sustainable Business Practices
Authors: kumar G. Santhosh
Published: January 2025

This review study article explores the tactics used by organizations to embrace and execute eco-friendly practices, delving into the crucial field of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM). Businesses are realizing more and more how important it is to include sustainability into their supply chain operations as the world struggles with the urgent issues of climate change and environmental degradation. The article starts out by giving a thorough rundown of the conceptual framework that supports GSCM, highlighting how it promotes corporate responsibility and environmental stewardship. It then dives into a thorough examination of the many tactics used by businesses to incorporate eco-friendly practices into their supply chains. These tactics include the use of green technology, waste minimization, energy efficiency, eco-design, and the acquisition of sustainable materials. The assessment also clarifies the various advantages that come with implementing GSCM, from cost reductions and improved brand recognition to risk reduction and regulatory compliance. The article also discusses the difficulties that companies encounter when putting green initiatives into practice, such as supply chain complexity, stakeholder alignment, and early investment expenditures. Finding new trends and best practices in GSCM is made easier by the integration of results from several empirical research and industry reports. The study also provides information on how government regulations, supply chain partner cooperation, and technology may all help to advance environmentally beneficial projects. By offering a sophisticated grasp of GSCM tactics, this review article adds to the growing conversation on sustainable business practices. In the quest for a more robust and sustainable global economy, it is a useful tool for scholars, industry professionals, and legislators looking to promote environmentally friendly supply chain practices.
Near Real-Time Event-Driven System for Calculating Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in Earthquake-Affected Areas: A Critical Tool for Seismic Risk Management in the Campi Flegrei Area
Authors: Martino Claudio , Cantiello Pasquale , Peluso Rosario
Published: January 2025

The estimation of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in areas affected by earthquakes is a fundamental task in seismic hazard assessment and emergency response. This paper presents an automated service capable of rapidly calculating the PGA values in regions impacted by seismic events, and publishing its results in an interactive website. The importance of such a service is discussed, focusing on its contribution to timely response efforts and infrastructure resilience. The necessity for automatic and real-time systems in earthquake-prone areas is emphasized, enabling decision-makers to assess damage potential and deploy resources efficiently. Thanks to a collaboration agreement with the Civil Protection Department, we are able to acquire accelerometric data from the Italian National Accelerometric Network (RAN) in real-time at the monitoring center of the Osservatorio Vesuviano. These data, in addition to those normally acquired by the INGV network, enables us to utilize all available accelerometric data in the Campi Flegrei area, enhancing our capacity to provide timely and accurate PGA estimates during seismic events in this highly active volcanic region.
Pediococcus pentosaceus MZF16 Probiotic Strain Prevents in vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa H103 and Prolongs the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Boujnane Meryem , Zommiti Mohamed , Lesouhaitier Olivier , Ferchichi Mounir , Tahrioui Ali , Boukerb Amine M , Connil Nathalie
Published: January 2025

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, responsible of several life-threatening infection attributed to its multiple virulence factors and its problematic multi-drug resistance, hence the necessity to find out alternatives such as competitive probiotics. Pediococcus pentosaceus MZF16 is a LAB strain, isolated from traditional dried meat “Ossban”, with high probiotic potential. Our study investigated the capacity of P. pentosaceus MZF16 to counteract P. aeruginosa H103 using several tests on intestinal cells (analysis of cytotoxicity, inflammation, adhesion/invasion) and on the in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans model. The effect of MZF16 on the Quorum sensing of the pathogen was also examined. We found that P. pentosaceus MZF16 was able to reduce H103 cytotoxicity and inflammatory activity, prevented pathogen colonization and translocation across Caco-2/TC7 cells. MZF16 exerted also an anti-virulence effect by attenuating Quorum-sensing (QS) molecules and pyoverdine production and extended C. elegans lifespan. The obtained results highlight the potential of P. pentosaceus MZF16 probiotic strain as an anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa alternative and establish a basis for elucidating the mechanisms of P. pentosaceus MZF16 involved in countering Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence.
Smart Protective Glove for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Against Chainsaws for Arborists
Authors: Blocher Sandra , Wolff Dirk , Fassbender Dennis , Schneider Michael
Published: January 2025

Working with a chainsaw is a risk for arborists. When handling a chainsaw, serious injuries can occur, particularly to the arms. For this reason, arborists must wear personal protective equipment (PPE) against chainsaws. This protective equipment corresponds to PPE category 3. Current protective gloves have several textile layers as protection. These gloves offer protection up to a chain speed of 24 m/s (class 2). No protective gloves for class 3 are available. A new approach is the solution presented in the paper, in which a smart glove and a modified electrical chainsaw can close this gap. For the development of the glove, the typical work situation, the current accident situations and accident statistics were analyzed. The legal requirements and standards for the European market and the wearing comfort were discussed, based on the data obtained, gloves were designed that included electronics and a chainsaw was configured accordingly. The glove was then tested under laboratory conditions to see whether the electronic functions in the glove can switch off the saw as soon as the glove comes too close to the chainsaw. The project showed the potential for smart textiles to overcome the limit in the layering of protective textiles.
Machine Learning Discoveries of TOP2A-X Synergy in ETC-1922159 Treated Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Sinha Shriprakash
Published: January 2025

DNA topoisomerase II α (TOP2A) belongs to the family of topoisomerases, which regulates the (un)winding of the DNA due to its double helical structure. The main function of TOP2A is to relieve the topological stress during DNA transcription, assist in separation of chromatids and condensation of chromosomes. In colorectal cancer (CRC) cells treated with ETC-1922159, TOP2A was found to be down regulated along with other genes. A recently developed search engine ranked combinations of TOP2A-X (X, a particular gene/protein) at 2nd order level after drug administration. Some of these combinations have been tested in wet lab, however many have been pointed out by the search engine that are yet to be explored/tested. These rankings reveal which TOP2A-X combinations might be working synergistically in CRC. In this research work, I cover combinations of TOP2A with WNT, nucleolar and spindle associated protein (NUSAP), Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate (WHSC), rhophilin Rho GTPase binding protein antisense RNA (RHPN-AS1), AT-rich interaction do- main (ARID), DNA topoisomerase II binding protein (TOPBP), ERCC excision repair (ERCC), enhancer of zeste polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH), cyclin dependent kinase (CDK), origin recognition complex subunit (ORC), interleukin (IL), ubiquitin specific peptidase (USP), RAD54, zinc finger protein (ZNF), high mobility group box (HMGB), E2F transcription factor (E2F), GINS complex subunit (GINS), minichromosome maintenance (MCM), budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles mitotic checkpoint (BUB), DEAD/H-box helicase (DDX), H2A histone family member (H2A) and structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family.
A Qualitative Perspective on E-Commerce Trends and Supplier Relationship Dynamics
Authors: Grant Oliver
Published: January 2025

This research examines the evolving trends in e-commerce and the dynamics of supplier relationships within this rapidly changing industry. The study focuses on the impact of technological innovations, shifting consumer expectations, sustainability practices, and globalization on e-commerce businesses. Through thematic analysis, the research explores how advancements in artificial intelligence, blockchain, and predictive analytics are transforming operational efficiency, consumer engagement, and supply chain transparency. It also highlights the increasing demand for personalized shopping experiences, fast delivery services, and heightened data security, reflecting the changing preferences of today's digital consumers. Additionally, the study investigates the role of sustainability, with a focus on eco-friendly practices, responsible sourcing, and carbon-neutral goals, which are gaining importance in response to both consumer demand and environmental regulations. Furthermore, the study explores how globalization offers opportunities for market expansion while presenting challenges related to regulatory compliance, cultural adaptation, and logistical coordination. Leadership is identified as a crucial factor in guiding businesses through these complexities, fostering innovation, and ensuring alignment across internal and external stakeholders. The findings also underscore the significance of strong supplier relationships built on trust, communication, and collaboration. By addressing these various factors, this research provides valuable insights into the current e-commerce landscape and offers recommendations for businesses seeking to navigate the competitive and ever-evolving digital marketplace. The study concludes by emphasizing the interconnectedness of technology, consumer behavior, sustainability, and leadership in shaping the future of e-commerce.
Participatory Architecture and Its Contribution to Housing Programs
Authors: Fonseca de Campos Paulo
Published: January 2025

This article investigates the role of residents as protagonists in participatory processes in architecture, focusing on their impact on the quality of social housing. Over the last ten years, research has examined emblematic cases such as the “Byker Wall” housing complex in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, and the SAAL (Serviço de Apoio Ambulatório Local — Local Ambulatory Support Service) process in Portugal, both of which highlight the importance of participatory methods in promoting innovative and democratic approaches. Methods include a comparative analysis of these projects and their links to Latin American social housing initiatives, particularly the Uruguayan mutual aid cooperatives that were influential in São Paulo in the 1980s. Results show how participatory architecture can go beyond purely quantitative and productivist outcomes, offering experimental designs that balance architectural quality with social, economic, and environmental considerations. The study concludes by showing how participatory processes can offer a humanized approach to urban space, emphasizing the central role of residents in shaping housing as a democratic and inclusive endeavor.
An Overview of Medical Knowledge Evaluation of Large Language Models: An Endeavor Toward a Standardized Evaluation and Reporting Guideline
Authors: Kohandel Gargari Omid , Habibi Gholamreza
Published: January 2025

Large language models (LLMs) have increasingly been recognized for their potential to revolutionize various aspects of healthcare, including diagnosis and treatment planning. However, the complexity of evaluating these models, particularly in the medical domain, has led to a lack of standardization in assessment methodologies. This study, conducted by the Farzan Clinical Research Institute, aims to establish a standardized evaluation framework for medical LLMs by proposing specific checklists for multiple-choice questions (MCQs), question-answering tasks, and case scenarios. The study demonstrates that MCQs provide a straightforward means to assess model accuracy, while the proposed confusion matrix helps identify potential biases in model choice. For question-answering tasks, the study emphasizes the importance of evaluating dimensions like relevancy, similarity, coherence, fluency, and factuality, ensuring that LLM responses meet clinical expectations. In case scenarios, the dual focus on accuracy and reasoning allows for a nuanced understanding of LLMs' diagnostic processes. The study also highlights the importance of model coverage, reproducibility, and the need for tailored evaluation methods to match study characteristics. The proposed checklists and methodologies aim to facilitate consistent and reliable assessments of LLM performance in medical tasks, paving the way for their integration into clinical practice. Future research should refine these methods and explore their application in real-world settings to enhance the utility of LLMs in medicine.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Witnessing Domestic Violence (WDV): A Comparison of Italian and International Evidence
Authors: Santambrogio Jacopo , Fraterrigo Tiziana Rosaria , Terrevazzi Sergio , Amatulli Antonio , Del Corno Alice , Mosca Francesca , Francia Emma , di Giacomo Ester , Colmegna Fabrizia , Howarth Emma , Clerici Massimo
Published: January 2025

The objective of this review is to examine the recent literature on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Witnessing Domestic Violence (WDV) with a view to providing definitions, prevalence data for Italy and other countries, and for special populations (such as patients with severe mental illness), investigations into risk factors (alcohol, substances, child abuse) and the consequences for general and mental health. In addition to a free search with Google, Medline was interrogated, using PubMed and PsycInfo for both topics. A total of 757 publications were extracted from Pubmed and 338 from PsycInfo for IPV and mental disorders, while 334 publications were found in Pubmed and 205 in PsycInfo for WDV; updated epidemiological data was obtained from Italian websites (e.g. ISTAT, Office for National Statistics). We concluded that given the increasing incidence of domestic violence, health and academic institutions should frame the phenomenon in epidemiological and clinical terms, providing updated research data to the stakeholders in order to improve treatment and prevention practices.
Comprehensive Analysis of Strong Opioid Side Effects in Palliative Care Using the SIDER Database
Authors: Hirai Risako , Kei Motoki , Uesawa Yoshihiro
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Opioid-based treatments in palliative care involve multiple options, each with distinct side effect profiles. When adverse effects occur, switching opioids can help maintain effective pain management. However, owing to limited clinical evidence, no comprehensive guidelines exist for opioid switching. This study employed the Side Effect Resource (SIDER) database, which aggregates adverse event data from clinical trials and package inserts, to analyze the side effects of five commonly used “strong opioids” in palliative care in Japan: morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, hydromorphone, and tapentadol. Methods: Data on adverse event names and incidence rates for each opioid were extracted from SIDER 4.1, developed by the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed to interpret the data. Results: The key side effects for the opioids were nausea, vomiting, constipation, and drowsiness. Fentanyl was more frequently associated with nausea and vomiting but less often with constipation and drowsiness. Tapentadol caused nausea relatively more often and constipation less frequently. Oxycodone was prominently linked to drowsiness, whereas morphine-induced constipation and drowsiness more frequently. Hydromorphone was associated with higher rates of constipation and vomiting but fewer incidences of nausea and drowsiness. Conclusions: All the side effects characterizing the opioids were related to μ-opioid receptor stimulation, although the present findings highlight differences in the frequency of specific side effects among the opioids. These results provide objective insights that can guide opioid switching in response to adverse effects.
Probabilistic Modelling of Fatigue Behaviour of 51CrV4 Steel for Railway Parabolic Leaf Springs
Authors: Gomes Vítor M. G. , Fiorentin Felipe K. , Dantas Rita , Silva Filipe G. A. , Correia José A. F. O. , de Jesus Abílio M. P.
Published: January 2025

The longevity of railway vehicles is an important factor in their mechanical and structural design. Fatigue is a major issue that affects the durability of railway components, and therefore, the knowledge of the fatigue resistance characteristics of critical components, such as leaf springs, must be extensively investigated. This research covers the fatigue resistance of chromium-vanadium alloy steel, usually designated as 51CrV4 from the high-cycle regime (HCF) (103 - 104) up to very high-cycle fatigue (VHCF) (109) under bending loading conditions, typical of leaf springs, and under uniaxial tension/compression loading, respectively, for a stress ratio of -1. Since different test frequencies were considered (23, 150, and 20 000 Hz), the frequency effect was also analysed, despite the material not exhibiting a significant frequency effect. In order to achive a new fatigue prediction model, two prediction models (the Basquin SN linear regression model and the Castillo-Fernandez-Cantelli (CFC) model were evaluated. According to the analysis carried out, the CFC model provided a better prediction for fatigue failures than the SN model, especially when outlier failure data are considered. The investigation also examined the failure modes, observing multiple cracks for higher loads and single cracks with initiation on the surface or from internal inclusions for lower loading. The present investigation aims to provide a fatigue resistance prediction model encompassing the HCF and VHCF fatigue region, for the fatigue design of railway wagon leaf springs or even for other components made of 51CrV4 with a tempered martensitic microstructure.
Solar Photovoltaic System Applied to Açaí Production and the Development of Riverside Communities in the Amazon
Authors: Pena Allan Guilherme Lima , Guedes Pedro Miguel Lira , Malheiros Francisco Barbosa , Monteiro Felipe , Oliveira Werbeston Douglas de , Guedes Marcelino Carneiro , Oliveira Márcio Clei Silva de , Paixão Gilmar Holanda da , Sousa Moisés Hamssés Sales de , Maranhão Geraldo Neves de Albuquerque , Júnior Alcides Froes Dias , Ferreira André de Oliveira , François Davi Ezequiel , Parmentier Mary Jane , Brito Alaan Ubaiara
Published: January 2025

Energy exclusion in the Amazon imposes barriers to the socioeconomic development of riverine communities, affecting the açaí value chain. Photovoltaic solar energy is a promising solution, however its insertion in isolated communities with a focus on strengthening the açaí chain is still a challenge. This research aims to use photovoltaic solar energy as an integration mechanism for productive activities and a better quality of life for riverside families in the Brazilian Amazon. The study was conducted in the Ilha das Cinzas Community, in Gurupá/PA, starting with a rapid participatory diagnosis to understand the characteristics of the families. Strategic planning using the SWOT methodology was used to define action plans to enhance the insertion of solar technology. A new photovoltaic system configuration adaptable to the energy demands of families, capable of meeting both daily and motor loads was developed. In addition, the action plans included training residents and the sharing of experiences with other communities, ensuring greater success in technology transfer. The study demonstrates that the socioeconomic development of riverine communities can be achieved through the insertion of new technologies adapted to their reality, accompanied by the participation and training of the actors involved.
Impact of Emotional Intelligence Training on Safety Behavior Enhancement in Construction Settings
Authors: Moon Yoo mi , Kim Kyoungsoo , Shin Yeon cheol , Lee Byung kil
Published: January 2025

In high-risk environments such as construction sites, the integration of emotional intelligence (EI) training into safety management systems offers a promising strategy for enhancing safety performance. While existing research has predominantly focused on the leadership aspects of EI, there is a notable paucity of studies that empirically examine the subcomponents of EI, their specific effects on safety performance, or changes before and after an EI training program. This study addresses these gaps by investigating how the sub-factors of emotional intelligence—self-awareness, self-regulation, and social awareness—impact safety behavior, with motivation serving as a mediating variable. A theoretical framework was developed to model the pathway linking emotional intelligence sub-factors to safety behavior through motivation. This pathway, “emotional intelligence sub-factors → motivation → safety behavior,” was tested using path analysis to evaluate both direct and indirect effects on safety performance. The results revealed that self-awareness does not exert a direct influence on motivation; however, it has a significant indirect effect mediated by self-regulation and social awareness. Furthermore, the implementation of an emotional intelligence-based training program resulted in significant improvements across key dimensions, including emotion regulation (36.75%), impulse control (37.53%), and cause analysis (38.32%). These findings provide robust evidence that EI training fosters behavioral changes, as demonstrated by measurable differences in pre- and post-training outcomes, thereby contributing meaningfully to the enhancement of safety management systems. This study underscores the strategic value of emotional intelligence as a psychological intervention that complements conventional, technology-driven safety measures. By cultivating EI competencies, construction organizations can not only address unsafe behaviors but also create a proactive and safer working environment, ultimately elevating safety performance.
IAEA Safety Guides vs. Actual Challenges for Design and Conduct of Indoor Radon Surveys
Authors: Tsapalov Andrey , Kovler Konstantin , Kiselev Sergey , Yarmoshenko Ilia , Bobkier Robert , Miklyaev Petr
Published: January 2025

An analysis of the international radon regulatory framework identified actual challenges for design and conduct of indoor radon surveys, though there is little discussion on this issue in the radon community. The main challenges hindering the development of radon regulation on an international scale, particularly in indoor radon surveys include: (i) Responsibility for indoor radon testing and mitigation, (ii) Excessive focus on Radon Priority Areas, (iii) Role of temporal uncertainty in indoor radon testing, (iv) Standardization of indoor radon measurements, and (v) Standardization of thoron EEC measurements and indoor testing. To address these gaps and inconsistencies, actual needs for design and conduct of indoor radon surveys are proposed, covering the aforementioned challenges. The needs statement, including a discussion of solutions, addresses the following key aspects of radon regulation: (1) Legislation, (2) Radon measurements, (3) Awareness, (4) Building protection. The focus remains on the radon measurement aspect, detailing the strategy and tools for conducting indoor radon surveys within a rational approach. This includes the main research activities necessary for the sustainable development of global radon regulation. The final part of the article presents a rational method (protocol) of indoor radon measurements serving as a detail guideline for standardizing indoor radon testing at the international level. This ensures decision-making reliability of at least 95% and harmonizes relevant national approaches considering traditional measurement protocols using both short-term and long-term measurements. The proposed solutions aim to achieve the goal of modern design and conduct of indoor radon surveys, which consists in the large-scale (mass) testing and effectively identify hazardous buildings. These solutions are based on a rational approach with convenient tools and active voluntary participation of the population, to be implemented within the framework of national radon regulation.
YOLO-Punica: A Faster and Lighter Weight Robotic-Ready Model for Detecting Pomegranate Fruit Development
Authors: Du Chenfan , Ma Zeze , Almodfer RollaAlmodfer , Wen Xuan , Zhao Jifei , Wang Xinfa
Published: January 2025

Pomegranate is a highly valued fruit known for its delicious seeds packed with health benefits and also a popular ornamental tree, as well as traditional medicine, but traditional management of the orchard heavily relies on manual laborious processes, leading to low efficiency and increased cost. Using machine vision to monitor its fruit development in real time can achieve accurate intelligent management and save a lot of lab our costs. Faster and lighter weight detection model is crucial to machine vision. The proposed YOLO-Punica model is built on an improved version of You Only Look Once version 8n (YOLOv8n) algorithm, resulting in a lightweight and faster detection model specifically designed for monitoring pomegranate fruit development in real time. The optimization includes the integration of two innovative modules, the Dual Path Downsampling Module (DPDM) and the Cross-Scale Feature Fusion Module (CCFM). The incorporation of the DPDM into the backbone network significantly enhances detection precision and computational efficiency. Additionally, the integration of both CCFM and DPDM into the neck structure, substantially reduces parameters, memory consumption, and overall model size, while improving operational efficiency and detection accuracy. The implementation of DPDM and CCFM in the YOLOv8n framework results in a lighter model, faster processing speeds, and improved detection accuracy. Comparative test results indicate that YOLO-Punica achieves reductions of 45.8% in parameters, 28% in Giga Floating-point Operations Per Second (GFLOP), and 43.7% in model size relative to YOLOv8n, while realizing a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 92.6%, surpassing YOLOv8n by 0.98%. Furthermore, the model is capable of processing images at a rate of 14.3 frames per second on embedded devices demonstrating its applicability for real-time detection of pomegranate fruit development, even in low computational power environments. This research not only provides technical support for intelligent detection of pomegranate fruit development, but also provide a new perspective for enhancing machine vision models in other agricultural contexts.
U-Net-Based Fingerprint Enhancement for 3D Fingerprint Recognition
Authors: Askarin Mohammad Mogharen , Wang Min , Yin Xuefei , Jia Xiuping , Hu Jiankun
Published: January 2025

Biometrics-based authentication mechanisms can address the built-in weakness of conventional password or token-based authentication in identifying genuine users. However, 2D-based fingerprint biometrics authentication faces the problem of sensor spoofing attacks. 3D fingerprints are strong against sensor spoofing attacks. 3D fingerprints can be represented by a 3D point cloud. To apply conventional 2D fingerprint recognition methods to 3D fingerprints, the 3D point cloud needs to be converted into a 2D gray-scale image. However, the contrast of the generated image is often not of good quality for direct matching. In this work, we propose an image segmentation approach using U-Net to enhance the fingerprint contrast. The enhanced fingerprint images are then used for conventional fingerprint recognition. By applying the proposed method, the fingerprint recognition Equal Error Rate (EER) is improved, from 41.97% to 12.49%.
Research on the Behavioral Characteristics and Needs Profile of the Elderly in Fujian Tulou Village Neighborhood Open Space: A Case Study of Taxia Village, Nanjing County
Authors: Pei Huifeng , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2025

Fujian Tulou was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2008. Recently, many Tulou Villages have been facing aging challenges, including a shortage of age-friendly resources due to the hollowing-out phenomenon. The neighborhood open spaces in these villages are crucial for aging in place, but surveys show these spaces have underutilized resources, incomplete functionality, and insufficient senior-friendliness. The facility layouts ignore elderly usage habits, and services fail to meet their diverse needs. This research uses a mixed-methods approach to examine their behavior and needs in these spaces. The findings indicate that elderly behavior is diverse, and characterized by regularity, habituality, and coordination. They cluster in multiple sites, with strong social behavior preferences and a pronounced sense of cultural identity; Elderly needs in these spaces fall into primary and secondary categories. In terms of needs importance, "functionality," "safety," and "cultural characteristics" carry the highest weight, supporting activities and identity recognition. "Elderly services" and "facilities" follow, enhancing spatial comfort. "Accessibility" and "landscape" have lower weights but have a significant impact on elderly satisfaction. These features are influenced by the spirit of place in neighborhood open spaces, the sense of community in Tulou villages, and the clan-based social order of Hakka culture.
The LJ System – Development and Validation of a Reliable and Simple Device for Measurement of Distances within the Tracheobronchial Tree
Authors: Sestakova Zuzana , Nemcova Sarka , Denk Petr , Pechkova Veronika , Michalek Pavel , Votruba Jiri
Published: January 2025

Background: The accurate measurement of the distances within the airways during bronchoscopy is negligible for diagnostic purposes, however, a reliable and simple device does not exist. Methods: The LJ system, consisting of the probe, box with a display, encoder, and microcontroller has been developed and its prototype has been tested in vitro and validated in clinical practice in suitable procedures of interventional bronchoscopy. Results: In vitro, the device measurements showed a good correlation with the control performed by a digital caliper. Subsequently, ten patients were included in the pilot study evaluating this novel prototype of a measurement device. The device was used in four patients with tracheal stenosis indicated for Y stent placement, four patients indicated for open surgery, and two cases of tracheoesophageal fistula. Most measurements have been validated by computed tomography imaging or by direct inspection and measurement during open surgical procedures. Conclusions: The first experience and pilot study evaluating this novel instrument for distance measurements during interventional bronchology procedures showed that the LJ can provide precise readings of the distance from the vocal cords, the lengths of tracheal stenoses, or the size of tumorous and other lesions. Its use might be widened to other endoscopic indications.
How are Leader-Member Exchange and Servant Leadership Related to Job burnout? The Mediating Role of Workplace Bullying
Authors: Ndong Nguema Willys , Desrumaux Pascale , Ntsame Sima Murielle
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between servant leadership, leader-member exchange (LMX) and burnout in the business and finance sectors. More specifically, we explored the indirect effects of workplace bullying in the relationship between these two kinds of leadership and burnout. A self-reported online employee questionnaire in Hauts de France was filled out by 228 employees from two business sectors. The results showed that servant leadership and LMX were negatively related to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Mediation analyses using the Hayes and Preacher (2014) method showed that bullying played a mediating role in the relationship between servant leadership, LMX, and emotional exhaustion. The servant and LMX types of leadership had a significant impact on the prevention of burnout and mobbing, insofar they helped to establish positive relationships and reduce the risk of ill-being.
Peritoneal Endometriosis Impairs Ovarian Reserve and Increases Atresia in a Rat Model
Authors: Ricci Analía , Bengochea Tatiana , Olivares Carla , del Valle Sofía , Simone Julieta , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Barañao Rosa Inés , Meresman Gabriela , Bilotas Mariela
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Endometriosis has a marked impact on fertility, although the mechanisms behind this relationship remain poorly understood, particularly in cases without significant anatomical distortions or in the context of ovarian endometriomas. This study aimed to investigate the effect of peritoneal endometriosis on ovarian function by assessing ovarian reserve and apoptosis. Methods: Peritoneal endometriosis was surgically induced in Sprague Dawley rats through autotransplantation of uterine fragments onto the bowel mesothelium. One month post-surgery, ovarian structures were counted, follicle and corpora lutea apoptosis were evaluated by TUNEL and apoptotic-related protein expression in ovaries was assessed by western blot. Additionally, a co-culture system using 12Z endometriotic and KGN granulosa cell lines was utilized to evaluate gene expression by RT-qPCR. Results: Rats with peritoneal endometriosis exhibited a significant reduction in ovarian structures characterized by a low number of total follicles, particularly primordial, primary, preantral, and late antral follicles. Consistently, AMH protein expression was decreased in ovaries in the presence of endometriosis. Besides, this disease led to a significant increase in late antral follicles that were TUNEL-positive and in the number of apoptotic cells in corpora lutea, indicating higher apoptosis in endometriosis ovaries. Concomitantly, altered expression of apoptosis-related proteins was observed, with increased procaspase 3 and decreased BCL-2 expression. In addition, KGN granulosa cells co-cultured with 12Z endometriotic cells displayed reduced KITLG mRNA expression and increased AMHR2 mRNA expression. Conclusions: Peritoneal endometriosis significantly impairs ovarian health by disrupting folliculogenesis, reducing ovarian reserve, and increasing apoptosis, potentially accelerating ovarian aging and contributing to infertility. These results underscore the need for further research to identify the molecular pathways involved and to develop targeted therapeutic strategies.
An Harmonious Demonstration and Proof of the Collatz Conjecture
Authors: Gaspar Iago
Published: January 2025

The Collatz conjecture, posing that every positive integer \( n \), when iteratively transformed by the Collatz function, eventually reaches 1, remains a persistent puzzle in mathematics. Building upon insights from Srinivasa Ramanujan's profound theories of infinite series and modular forms, this paper presents a rigorous approach to the conjecture. By leveraging Ramanujan's mathematical frameworks, particularly hypergeometric series and modular transformations, we establish a comprehensive analysis that illuminates the convergence properties of the Collatz sequence.Our methodology involves the application of specific series identities and transformations identified by Ramanujan, which reveal deep connections to the recursive nature of the Collatz function. Through theoretical analysis and computational verification, we demonstrate the inevitability of the sequence's reduction to 1 for all positive integers \( n \). This not only validates the conjecture but also underscores the applicability and universality of Ramanujan's mathematical legacy in contemporary problem-solving.
Wash Implementation in Climate Change Induced Emergency
Authors: Abdi Abdifitah Abdullahi , Geremew Abraham
Published: January 2025

Emergencies and disasters are basic aspects of everyday life. They are the results of societies' economic and social structures, the interactions between states and societies, and the maintenance of the relationships among the decision-makers. Emergency-affected individuals frequently experience exhaustion, stress, malnourishment, and other illnesses, including injuries. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) measures aim to protect health by reducing the exposure of disease-causing pathogens and promoting well-being. This review explores climate change's implications on WASH interventions in emergency contexts. Climate change has significantly increased the frequency and severity of natural disasters, including floods, droughts, and hurricanes, and amplified the emergencies by increasing flood events, drought intensification, and enhanced hurricane severity. Climate change has impacted WASH in emergencies by increasing the demand for WASH service due to displacement, water scarcity, and contamination and undermined sanitation infrastructure and hygiene behaviors. Strategies to develop climate-resilient wash infrastructure include designing climate-resilient infrastructure, Integrating Climate Risk Assessments in WASH Planning, and sustainable water management practices.
Diabetes Differentially Alters Glial Cells in Different Brain Regions
Authors: Kumari Rashmi , Willing Lisa , McLaughlin Patricia J
Published: January 2025

The chronic metabolic condition of hyperglycemia in type-2 diabetics is known to cause various neurological disorders and compromise recovery from brain insults. Previously, we reported a delayed and reduced glial cell response and a greater neuronal cell death in different brain regions of diabetic, db/db, mice following cerebral hypoxic- ischemic (HI) injury. In this study, we explored the changes in baseline activation of astrocytes and microglia and its impact on vascular permeability in different brain regions. The number of activated astrocytes (GFAP) and microglia/macrophage (Iba-1) in the motor cortex, caudate and hippocampal (CA3) regions of 12-week old, type-2 diabetic db/db and non-diabetic db/+ mice were quantitated. Immunofluorescence double staining for the leakage of serum IgG and cerebral blood vessel and occludin staining for the tight junctional (TJs) protein in the blood brain barrier (BBB) were investigated. Results indicated significant differences in activation of glial cells in the cortex and caudate along with increased vessel permeability in diabetic mice. The study suggests that a constant activation of glial cells in the diabetic brain may be the cause of impaired inflammatory response and/or degenerating cerebral blood vessels which contribute to neuronal cell death upon CNS injury.
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Severe Spinal Cord Injury and Neuroplasticity Following Decompressive Laminectomy and Expansive Duraplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Archavlis Eleftherios , Palombi Davide , Konstantinidis Dimitrios , Carvi y Nievas Mario , Trobisch Per , Stoyanova Irina
Published: January 2025

Background
Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a debilitating condition with long-term physical and socioeconomic impacts. Understanding the pathophysiology of SCI and therapeutic interventions such as decompressive laminectomy and expansive duraplasty is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.
Objective
This systematic review explores the pathophysiology of SCI and evaluates evidence linking decompressive laminectomy and duraplasty to improved neuroplasticity and recovery.
Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies on decompressive surgery in SCI. Inclusion criteria were original articles investigating pathophysiology, neuroplasticity mechanisms, or surgical outcomes. Data on pathophysiological changes, molecular markers, and functional outcomes were extracted.
Results
From 1,240 initial articles, 43 studies were included, encompassing both animal models and human clinical data. Findings highlighted the role of inflammatory cascades, blood-spinal cord barrier disruption, and neurotrophic factor modulation in recovery. Decompressive duraplasty was associated with improved intrathecal pressure (ITP) management and neuroplasticity markers, such as BDNF and GAP-43.
Conclusions
This review underscores the therapeutic potential of decompressive laminectomy and duraplasty in SCI. While evidence suggests benefits in promoting neuroplasticity, further research is needed to elucidate molecular mechanisms and refine interventions.
Optimised Skeletal Muscle Mass as a Key Strategy for Obesity Management
Authors: Barber Thomas M. , Kabisch Stefan , Pfeiffer Andreas F. H. , Weickert Martin O.
Published: January 2025

Our internationally accepted criterion for diagnosing obesity, prioritizing its management options, and assessing treatment outcomes, is based on an anachronistic ratio, the ‘Body Mass Index’ (BMI). On an individual level, BMI has potential to mislead, can provide an inaccurate indication of cardiometabolic risk, places too much emphasis on a reduction of overall body weight, and contributes towards misunderstanding of the quiddity of obesity, and a more dispassionate societal perspective and response. In this review, we resurrect the skeletal muscle (SM) as a tissue hidden in plain sight in the context of obesity. We provide an overview of the role that SM plays in influencing metabolic health and efficiency. We discuss the complex interlinks between the SM and the Adipose Tissue (AT) through key myokines and adipokines, and argue that rather than two separate tissues, the SM and AT should be considered as a single entity: the ‘Adipo-Muscle Axis’. We discuss the vicious circle of sarcopenic obesity, in which age- and obesity-related decline in SM mass contributes to worsened metabolic status and insulin resistance, that in turn further compounds SM mass and function. We provide an overview of the approaches that can mitigate against the decline of SM mass in the context of negative energy balance, including the optimisation of dietary protein intake and resistance physical exercises, and of novel molecules in development that target the SM, that will play an important role in the future management of obesity. Finally, we argue that the Adipo-Muscle Ratio (AMR) would provide a more clinically meaningful descriptor and definition of obesity than BMI, and would help to shift our focus regarding its effective management away from merely inducing weight loss, but rather towards optimising the AMR with proper attention to the maintenance and augmentation of SM mass and function.
Enhancing Practical Design Skills Using AI-Powered Graphic Design Platforms: A Pedagogical Framework for Beginner Learners
Authors: Osei-Wusu Franco , Asante George , Yeboah Donald , Muntaka Siddique Abubakr , Azameti Chares Yao , Sarfo Elvis Antwi , Adotey Alexandra
Published: January 2025

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools into graphic design education has gained attention as a means to simplify skill acquisition for beginners. Traditional graphic design tools often present steep learning curves, making it difficult for novice learners to acquire practical skills without extensive technical expertise. This paper proposes the IIH-AILP Model, a structured pedagogical framework designed to leverage AI-powered platforms such as Canva and Adobe Firefly to improve accessibility, inclusivity, and efficiency in graphic design education. The methodology employs a 12-week intervention with a mix of sequential and integrated components, including pre- and post-assessments, modular learning, skill progression, gamified engagement, and comparative evaluations. Participants’ design abilities were assessed across creativity, task completion time, and learning curve improvements using carefully designed evaluation metrics. The results demonstrate that the IIH-AILP model significantly reduces the learning curve, enhances creativity, and improves task efficiency, confirming the potential of AI-powered graphic design platforms to streamline education for beginners with little to no technical expertise.
Application of Nanotechnology in Enhancing Efficacy of African Herbal Medicines-A review
Authors: Sauli Elingarami , Lema Witness Sebastian
Published: January 2025

African herbal medicine has been used for centuries as a means of treating various ailments. However, limitations in the effectiveness and delivery of these herbal remedies have necessitated exploration of alternative approaches to enhance their efficacy. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions by providing novel methods for delivery, targeting, and controlled release of bioactive compounds from the herbal medicines. This paper reviews application of nanotechnology in improving the efficacy of African herbal medicine. The use of nanocarriers, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and nano emulsions, to encapsulate and deliver bioactive compounds have been discussed. Additionally, various nanotechnology-based strategies, including surface modification, targeted drug delivery, and stimuli-responsive systems have also been explored. Finally, the review has explored future perspective of African herbal medicine by looking at their safety considerations, regulatory aspects, and commercialization potential. The integration of nanotechnology applications with African herbal medicine has the potential to revolutionize traditional healthcare practices in Africa, by providing cheaper and effective therapeutic options to conventional medicines.
From Automation to Certification: Benchmarking AI Chatbots in Software Testing
Authors: Retzlaff Niklas
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, powered by large language models (LLMs), are reshaping software testing by automating critical tasks and enhancing productivity. This study evaluates the performance of two state-of-the-art LLMs, GPT-4o and Gemini 2.0 Flash Experimental, on practice exams for four industry-recognized software testing certifications: A4Q-SDET, ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL), Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM), and Expert Level Test Manager (CTEL-TM). Both models demonstrated substantial competency, achieving passing scores across all exams. GPT-4o excelled in foundational and advanced managerial tasks, while Gemini outperformed in technical and practical test scenarios. An analysis of their performance across cognitive levels (K1–K4) reveals complementary strengths, with GPT-4o showing superior analytical capabilities (K4) and Gemini maintaining consistent performance across all levels. These findings highlight the potential of LLMs as tools for bridging knowledge gaps and enhancing software testing processes. Future research should explore real-world testing applications and the integration of LLMs into software testing workflows.