bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The differences of the economic losses due to presenteeism and treatment costs between high-stress workers and non-high-stress workers using the stress check survey in Japan
Authors: Nagata Tomohisa , Ito Ryotaro , Nagata Masako , Odagami Kiminori , Kajiki Shigeyuki , Fujimoto Kenji , Matsuda Shinya , Mori Koji
Published: July 2022

Objectives

This study sought to examine differences in the economic losses due to presenteeism and costs of medical and dental treatment between high-stress workers and non-high-stress workers using the stress check survey.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study from April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019 in a pharmaceutical company. High-stress workers were classified with the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire using two methods: the sum method and the score converted method. The incidence of presenteeism and its costs were determined using a questionnaire. The costs of medical and dental treatment were calculated according to claims. We compared the costs between high-stress and non-high-stress workers using Wilcoxon's rank-sum test.

Results

Of 3910 workers, 6.3% were classified as high-stress using the sum method and 6.6% were classified as high-stress using the score converted method. The costs associated with presenteeism and medical treatment among high-stress workers were higher than the costs among non-high-stress workers, whereas the costs associated with dental treatment were not.

Conclusions

To motivate employers to improve stressful work environments, it is recommended that presenteeism measurement items be added to the stress check survey, and that the methods used in this study be used to calculate the loss associated with high-stress workers in Japanese companies. However, we must be careful in interpreting absolute presenteeism loss amounts because they are poorly reliable and valid.
Protein Condensation, Cellular Organization, and Spatiotemporal Regulation of Cytoplasmic Properties
Authors: van Tartwijk Francesca W. , Kaminski Clemens F.
Published: July 2022

The cytoplasm is an aqueous, highly crowded solution of active macromolecules. Its properties influence the behavior of proteins, including their folding, motion, and interactions. In particular, proteins in the cytoplasm can interact to form phase‐separated assemblies, so‐called biomolecular condensates. The interplay between cytoplasmic properties and protein condensation is critical in a number of functional contexts and is the subject of this review. The authors first describe how cytoplasmic properties can affect protein behavior, in particular condensate formation, and then describe the functional implications of this interplay in three cellular contexts, which exemplify how protein self‐organization can be adapted to support certain physiological phenotypes. The authors then describe the formation of RNA‐protein condensates in highly polarized cells such as neurons, where condensates play a critical role in the regulation of local protein synthesis, and describe how different stressors trigger extensive reorganization of the cytoplasm, both through signaling pathways and through direct stress‐induced changes in cytoplasmic properties. Finally, the authors describe changes in protein behavior and cytoplasmic properties that may occur in extremophiles, in particular organisms that have adapted to inhabit environments of extreme temperature, and discuss the implications and functional importance of these changes.
The Role of ECM Remodeling, EMT, and Adhesion Molecules in Cancerous Neural Invasion: Changing Perspectives
Authors: Mukherjee Abhishek , Ha Patrick , Wai Katherine C. , Naara Shorook
Published: July 2022

Perineural invasion (PNI) refers to the cancerous invasion of nerves. It provides an alternative route for metastatic invasion and can exist independently in the absence of lymphatic or vascular invasion. It is a prominent characteristic of specific aggressive malignancies where it correlates with poor prognosis. The clinical significance of PNI is widely recognized despite a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. The interaction between the nerve and the cancer cells is the most pivotal PNI step which is mediated by the activation or inhibition of multiple signaling pathways that include chemokines, interleukins, nerve growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases, to name a few. The nerve–cancer cell interaction brings about specific changes in the perineural niche, which not only affects the regular nerve functions, but also enhances the migratory, invasive, and adherent properties of the tumor cells. This review aims to elucidate the vital role of adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix, and epithelial‐mesenchymal proteins that promote PNI, which may serve as therapeutic targets in the future.
Recent Developments in Chemical Doping of Graphene using Experimental Approaches and Its Applications
Authors: Singh Anand Kumar , Singh Ram Sevak , Singh Arun Kumar
Published: July 2022

Graphene has been widely investigated and applied in almost all areas of science and technology. Modulation of graphene properties is needed for its potential utilization in various applications. Chemical doping is one of the most attractive and efficient strategies to alter graphene properties. To date, substantial progress in this area has been reported, which needs to be thoroughly reviewed for its effective implementation in the development of commercial products in the days to come. This article presents a systematic, critical, and more informative review of the recent advancement in the chemical doping of graphene and its applications. Starting with a brief history along with the properties and synthesis of graphene, different experimental approaches to chemical doping and their outcomes reported so far are systematically documented. Further, extensive studies based on potential applications of doped graphene in various fields including light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, solar cells, energy storage devices, sensors, and medical diagnoses are discussed and presented. Finally, the study is concluded with discussions on future prospective research work in this area.
Peptide‐Based Coacervate‐Core Vesicles with Semipermeable Membranes
Authors: Abbas Manzar , Law Jack O. , Grellscheid Sushma N. , Huck Wilhelm T. S. , Spruijt Evan
Published: July 2022

Coacervates droplets have long been considered as potential protocells to mimic living cells. However, these droplets lack a membrane and are prone to coalescence, limiting their ability to survive, interact, and organize into higher‐order assemblies. This work shows that tyrosine‐rich peptide conjugates can undergo liquid–liquid phase separation in a well‐defined pH window and transform into stable membrane‐enclosed protocells by enzymatic oxidation and cross‐linking at the liquid–liquid interface. The oxidation of the tyrosine‐rich peptides into dityrosine creates a semipermeable, flexible membrane around the coacervates with tunable thickness, which displays strong intrinsic fluorescence, and stabilizes the coacervate protocells against coalescence. The membranes have an effective molecular weight cut‐off of 2.5 kDa, as determined from the partitioning of small dyes and labeled peptides, RNA, and polymers into the membrane‐enclosed coacervate protocells. Flicker spectroscopy reveals a membrane bending rigidity of only 0.1kBT, which is substantially lower than phospholipid bilayers despite a larger membrane thickness. Finally, it is shown that enzymes can be stably encapsulated inside the protocells and be supplied with substrates from outside, which opens the way for these membrane‐bound compartments to be used as molecularly crowded artificial cells capable of communication or as a vehicle for drug delivery.
Periodic Nanoporous Inorganic Patterns Directly Made by Self‐Ordering of Cracks
Authors: Odziomek Mateusz , Thorimbert Fanny , Boissiere Cedric , Drisko Glenna L. , Parola Stephane , Sanchez Clement , Faustini Marco
Published: July 2022

Solution‐processed inorganic nanoporous films are key components for the vast spectrum of applications ranging from dew harvesting to solar cells. Shaping them into complex architectures required for advanced functionality often needs time‐consuming or expensive fabrication. In this work, crack formation is harnessed to pattern porous inorganic films in a single step and without using lithography. Aqueous inks, containing inorganic precursors and polymeric latexes enable evaporation‐induced, defect‐free periodic arrays of cracks with tunable dimensions over several centimeters. The ink formulation strategy is generalized to more than ten inorganic materials including simple and binary porous oxide and metallic films covering a whole spectrum of properties including insulating, photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, conductive, or electrochromic materials. Notably, this approach enables 3D self‐assembly of cracks by stacking several layers of different compositions, yielding periodic assemblies of polygonal shapes and Janus‐type patterns. The crack patterned periodic arrays of nanoporous TiO2 diffract light, and are used as temperature‐responsive diffraction grating sensors. More broadly, this method represents a unique example of a self‐assembly process leading to long‐range order (over several centimeters) in a robust and controlled way.
Fabrication of Delaminated 2D Metal Carbide MXenes (Nb2CTx) by CTAB‐based NO2 Gas Sensor with Enhanced Stability
Authors: Rathi Keerti , Arkoti Naveen Kumar , Pal Kaushik
Published: July 2022

Sensitivity is the prime factor in solid‐state gas sensors in terms of explicit noting of the change in signal. For achieving this, two vital prerequisites to be satisfied simultaneously: (i) electrical noise should be null and (ii) significant signal which is not met by the existing sensing materials. This study demonstrates that 2D metal carbide MXenes (Nb2CTx) have strong metal conductivity for noise reduction and abundant functional groups for detecting the signal toward higher sensitivity. This work shows successful exfoliation of Nb2CTx in the presence of cationic surfactants like cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which is significantly stable. The confirmation about the successful stabilization of Nb2CTx in DI water is obtained from material characterization and gas sensing observations. The experiments show that the dynamic sensing response of the Nb2CTx‐CTAB sensor increases by ≈3 times for NO2 gas detection. The sensitivity of the Nb2CTx and Nb2CTx‐CTAB found 0.543 and 1.686 ppm–1, respectively, toward NO2 gas. Over time (up to 30 d), CTAB functionalized Nb2CTx MXene noticed trace‐level detection capability with better environmental stability than pristine MXene. Herein, the obtained results show the gas sensing characteristics of Nb2CTx‐CTAB and witness a selective and ultra‐sensitive response toward NO2 gas detection.
Extended Hybridization and Energy Transfer in Periodic Multi‐Material Organic Structures in Strong Coupling with Surface Plasmon
Authors: Bard Antoine , Minot Sylvain , Symonds Clémentine , Benoit Jean‐Michel , Gassenq Alban , Bessueille François , Andrioletti Bruno , Pérez de la Vega Camilo R. , Chevrier Kévin , De Wilde Yannick , Krachmalnicoff Valentina , Bellessa Joel
Published: July 2022

The strong light−matter coupling, occurring when the light−matter interaction prevails on the damping, has found applications beyond the domain of optics in chemistry or transport. These advances make the development of various structures in strong coupling crucial. In this paper, a new way to hybridize two materials and transfer energy through a surface plasmon over micrometric distances is proposed. For this purpose, two patterned interlocked dye arrays, one donor and one acceptor, are deposited on a silver surface by successive micro‐contact printing, leading to a pattern of 5 microns period. The dispersion relation of the structure is measured with reflectometry experiments, showing the hybridization with the plasmon, and the formation of states that mix both excitons and the plasmon with similar weights. The mixing in these polaritonic metasurfaces enables an energy transfer mechanism in the strong coupling, which is observed with luminescence experiments. As the donor and acceptor are spatially separated by a distance larger than the diffraction limit the excitation transfer is directly measured and evaluated by comparison with dye arrays without silver.
Mechanochemistry of Phosphorus and Arsenic Alloys for Visible and Infrared Photonics
Authors: Pedersen Samuel V. , Muramutsa Florent , Greseth Cade , Wood Joshua D. , Husko Chad , Eixenberger Joshua , Estrada David , Jaques Brian J.
Published: July 2022

Incorporating few‐layer 2D phosphorus–arsenic alloys (PAs) into optoelectronic devices requires a synthesis technique that allows control of the alloy composition while producing volumes of material suitable for application development such as photodetectors, solar cells, and lasers. With that goal in mind, high‐energy ball milling allows production of both orthorhombic (o‐PAs) and trigonal (t‐PAs) alloys by reacting red phosphorus and metallic arsenic powders. The synthesis follows a two‐step process in which arsenic rapidly reacts with red phosphorus to first produce t‐PAs followed by a slower phase transformation into o‐PAs; synthesis time and overall conversion rate are slightly enhanced by the presence of arsenic. Optical measurements on exfoliated alloys at the few‐layer atomic limit of the 2D PAs reveal emission spanning from the visible (≈1.9 eV) into the near‐infrared region, covering a broad application space. Rapid powder synthesis within a closed system for stochiometric control of the solid‐solution PAs alloys combined with solution‐based exfoliation opens up opportunities for a whole new class of optoelectronic devices based on PA nanomaterials.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Pharmaceutically Relevant Bulky Arylbutylamines Using Engineered Transaminases
Authors: Sheludko Yuriy V. , Slagman Sjoerd , Gittings Samantha , Charnock Simon J. , Land Henrik , Berglund Per , Fessner Wolf‐Dieter
Published: July 2022

ATAs engineered for having an enlarged small binding pocket were applied for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure (R)‐benzo[1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl‐butylamine, a chiral component of human leukocyte elastase inhibitor DMP 777 (L‐694,458). Kinetic resolution of the racemic amine was performed by using the L59A variant of the (S)‐selective ATA from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv‐ATA), providing the residual (R)‐enantiomer in excellent yield and >99% ee. At moderate enzyme loading and absence of co‐solvent, high volumetric productivity of 0.22 mol L−1 h−1 (42.5 g L−1 h−1) was achieved. Complementarily, the (S)‐enantiomer was generated via kinetic resolution using the (R)‐selective ATA‐117‐Rd11 from Arthrobacter sp. with acetone as the amino acceptor. In an alternative approach, we employed ATA‐117‐Rd11 for the asymmetric amination of the prochiral ketone precursor, which at 86% conversion gave the (R)‐benzo[1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl‐butylamine with excellent >99% ee. We further evaluated the utility of Cv‐ATA L59A for the asymmetric synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant (S)‐1‐phenylbutan‐1‐amine, a chiral component of the deubiquitinase inhibitor degrasyn (WP1130). The enzyme showed good tolerance to high concentrations of isopropylamine, producing (S)‐1‐phenylbutan‐1‐amine in enantiomerically pure form (>99% ee).

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Multimodal Noninvasive Functional Neurophotonic Imaging of Murine Brain‐Wide Sensory Responses
Authors: Chen Zhenyue , Zhou Quanyu , Deán‐Ben Xosé Luís , Gezginer Irmak , Ni Ruiqing , Reiss Michael , Shoham Shy , Razansky Daniel
Published: July 2022

Modern optical neuroimaging approaches are expanding the ability to elucidate complex brain function. Diverse imaging contrasts enable direct observation of neural activity with functional sensors along with the induced hemodynamic responses. To date, decoupling the complex interplay of neurovascular coupling and dynamical physiological states has remained challenging when employing single‐modality functional neuroimaging readings. A hybrid fluorescence optoacoustic tomography platform combined with a custom data processing pipeline based on statistical parametric mapping is devised, attaining the first noninvasive observation of simultaneous calcium and hemodynamic activation patterns using optical contrasts. Correlated changes in the oxy‐ and deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, oxygen saturation, and rapid GCaMP6f fluorescence signals are observed in response to peripheral sensory stimulation. While the concurrent epifluorescence serves to corroborate and complement the functional optoacoustic observations, the latter further aids in decoupling the rapid calcium responses from the slowly varying background in the fluorescence recordings mediated by hemodynamic changes. The hybrid imaging platform expands the capabilities of conventional neuroimaging methods to provide more comprehensive functional readings for studying neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling mechanisms and related diseases.
Multiscale Engineering of Nonprecious Metal Electrocatalyst for Realizing Ultrastable Seawater Splitting in Weakly Alkaline Solution
Authors: Li Jiankun , Yu Tingting , Wang Keyu , Li Zhiheng , He Juan , Wang Yixing , Lei Linfeng , Zhuang Linzhou , Zhu Minghui , Lian Cheng , Shao Zongping , Xu Zhi
Published: July 2022

Seawater electrolysis is an attractive technique for mass production of high‐purity hydrogen considering the abundance of seawater. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of seawater environment, efficient anode catalyst, that should be, cost effective, highly active for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but negligible for Cl2/ClO– formation, and robust toward chlorine corrosion, is urgently demanded for large‐scale application. Although catalysis typically appears at surface, while the bulk properties and morphology structure also have a significant impact on the performance, thus requiring a systematic optimization. Herein, a multiscale engineering approach toward the development of cost‐effective and robust OER electrocatalyst for operation in seawater is reported. Specifically, the engineering of hollow‐sphere structure can facilitate the removal of gas product, while atom‐level synergy between Co and Fe can promote Co sites transforming to active phase, and in situ transformation of sulfate ions layer protects catalysts from corrosion. As a result, the as‐developed hollow‐sphere structured CoFeSx electrocatalyst can stably operate at a high current density of 100 mA cm–2 in the alkaline simulated seawater (pH = 13) for 700 h and in a neutral seawater for 20 h without attenuation. It provides a new strategy for the development of electrocatalysts with a broader application potential.
Spin Waves and Magnetic Exchange Hamiltonian in CrSBr
Authors: Scheie Allen , Ziebel Michael , Chica Daniel G. , Bae Youn June , Wang Xiaoping , Kolesnikov Alexander I. , Zhu Xiaoyang , Roy Xavier
Published: July 2022

CrSBr is an air‐stable two‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals semiconducting magnet with great technological promise, but its atomic‐scale magnetic interactions—crucial information for high‐frequency switching—are poorly understood. An experimental study is presented to determine the CrSBr magnetic exchange Hamiltonian and bulk magnon spectrum. TheA‐type antiferromagnetic order using single crystal neutron diffraction is confirmed here. The magnon dispersions are also measured using inelastic neutron scattering and rigorously fit the excitation modes to a spin wave model. The magnon spectrum is well described by an intra‐plane ferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange model with seven nearest in‐plane exchanges. This fitted exchange Hamiltonian enables theoretical predictions of CrSBr behavior: as one example, the fitted Hamiltonian is used to predict the presence of chiral magnon edge modes with a spin‐orbit enhanced CrSBr heterostructure.
Vision Defense: Efficient Antibacterial AIEgens Induced Early Immune Response for Bacterial Endophthalmitis
Authors: Li Tingting , Wu Yan , Cai Wenting , Wang Dong , Ren Chengda , Shen Tianyi , Yu Donghui , Qiang Sujing , Hu Chengyu , Zhao Zheng , Yu Jing , Peng Chen , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2022

Bacterial endophthalmitis (BE) is an acute eye infection and potentially irreversible blinding ocular disease. The empirical intravitreous injection of antibiotic is the primary treatment once diagnosed as BE. However, the overuse of antibiotic contributes to the drug resistance of pathogens and the retinal toxicity of antibiotic limits its application in clinic. Herein, a cationic aggregation‐induced emission luminogens named with triphenylamine thiophen pyridinium (TTPy) is reported for photodynamic treatment of BE. TTPy can selectively discriminate and kill bacteria efficiently over normal ocular cells. More importantly, TTPy shows excellent antibacterial ability in BE rat models infected by Staphylococcus aureus. Meanwhile, the bacterial killing behavior triggered by TTPy induces innate immune response at an early stage of infection, limiting subsequent robust inflammation and protecting retina from bacterial toxins and inflammation‐induced bystander damage. In addition, TTPy performs better antibacterial ability than commercially used Rose Bengal, suggesting its excellent capability of vision salvage in acute BE. This study exhibits an efficient photodynamic antibacterial treatment to BE, which induces an early intraocular immune response and saves useful vision, endowing TTPy a promising potential for clinical application of ocular infections.
All‐Electrical Programmable Domain‐Wall Spin Logic‐In‐Memory Device
Authors: Wang Weiyang , Sheng Yu , Zheng Yuanhui , Ji Yang , Wang Kaiyou
Published: July 2022

Control of spins by spin–orbit torque brings novel strategies to design spintronic devices with potentially high impact in data storage and logic‐in‐memory computing architectures. Although various attempts have been proposed to avoid the participation of magnetic field during magnetization switching for realizing multifunctional spin logic devices, simpler and more feasible approaches are still strongly desired. Here, field‐free current‐induced magnetization switching is achieved through magnetic domain wall (DW) motion in a dual‐channels device, where the chiral Néel DW is stabilized by the strong Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in Pt/Co/Ru asymmetric structure. By electrically programming the initial magnetization states of the device with two opposite switching modes, four Boolean logic gates of AND, NAND, OR, and NOR are demonstrated. This work demonstrates that ingenious geometry design can be important for developing the spin logic devices and in‐memory computing architectures.
Leech‐Inspired Shape‐Encodable Liquid Metal Robots for Reconfigurable Circuit Welding and Transient Electronics
Authors: Wang Ben , Zhang Baofeng , Tan Yongzhu , Ji Fengtong , Lv Guanghui , Pan Chengfeng , Handschuh-Wang Stephan , Zhang Li , Zhou Xuechang
Published: July 2022

Deformability and self‐adaptability are important for soft robots to deal with uncertain and varying situations and environments during movement and navigation. Droplet‐based robots are great candidates to travel inside narrow and constrained spaces without damaging the interfaces due to their extreme deformability and liquid nature, which enables smooth contact between robots and target spaces. Here, magnetic liquid metal droplet robots, comprising liquid metal and carbonyl iron, that can perform reversible telescopic deformation, bending, and on‐demand locomotion are proposed. The magnetic liquid‐metal‐based robots can perform on‐demand and reversible coalescence and splitting by intricately applying magnetic fields. Importantly, the liquid metal robot can perform phase transition to fix the desired shape after programmable shape encoding. The liquid‐metal‐based soft robots can serve as dynamic and recyclable switches for complex circuits, and are capable of repairing damaged sections of microcircuits by remote actuation, controllable coalescence, and on‐demand circuit welding. This technology provides a new application scenario of droplet‐based soft robots for on‐demand circuit welding and transient recyclable electronics. A preprint version of the article can be found at: https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.165167005.56125584.
Evidence for an association between Coffin‐Siris syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Gofin Yoel , Zhao Xiaonan , Gerard Amanda , Scaglia Fernando , Wangler Michael F. , Schrier Vergano Samantha A. , Scott Daryl A.
Published: July 2022

Coffin‐Siris syndrome (CSS) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental syndrome that can present with a variety of structural birth defects. Pathogenic variants in 12 genes have been shown to cause CSS. Most of these genes encode proteins that are a part of the mammalian switch/sucrose non‐fermentable (mSWI/SNF; BAF) complex. An association between genes that cause CSS and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has been suggested based on case reports and the analysis of CSS and CDH cohorts. Here, we describe an unpublished individual with CSS and CDH, and we report additional clinical information on four published cases. Data from these individuals, and a review of the literature, provide evidence that deleterious variants in ARID1B, ARID1A, SMARCB1, SMARCA4, SMARCE1, ARID2, DPF2, and SMARCC2, which are associated with CSS types 1–8, respectively, are associated with the development of CDH. This suggests that additional genetic testing to identify a separate cause of CDH in an individual with CSS may be unwarranted, and that comprehensive genetic testing for individuals with non‐isolated CDH should include an evaluation of CSS‐related genes. These data also suggest that the mSWI/SNF (BAF) complex may play an important role in diaphragm development.
Benzo[b]naphtho[1,2‐d]thiophene Sulfoxides: Biomimetic Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Applications
Authors: Shen Xian‐Yan , Li Man , Zhou Tai‐Ping , Huang Ji‐Rong
Published: July 2022

A practical synthesis of nonsymmetrical thiophene‐fused aromatic systems has been developed that was inspired by the biodegradation of benzothiophene. For the first time, the photophysical properties of a series of π‐conjugated benzo[b]naphtho[1,2‐d]thiophene (BNT) sulfoxides were explored both in solution and in the solid state. The excellent fluorescence characteristics enable various applications of these compounds.
Effect of Lipophilicity in Oxyanion‐Responsive Europium(III) Complexes**
Authors: Grenier Laura L. A. , Nielsen Lea G. , Sørensen Thomas J.
Published: July 2022

Responsive lanthanide(III) complexes – europium(III) complexes in particular – have been the focus of studies for several decades. While responsive lanthanide complexes have been reported and investigated frequently, the supramolecular aspects and linear free‐energy relationship have seen less attention. Here, we are revisiting five europium(III) complexes and investigating their binding to ten different guests, all with a primary interaction between the europium(III) ion and a bidentate carboxylate anion. The studies consisted of measuring emission spectra, analysing band behaviours of the europium transitions, and calculating lifetime isotherms. The media effect was also investigated, and by eliminating the impact of hydrophobic effects, we can show that selectivity in these host‐guest systems can be tuned by the secondary lipophilic interactions.
Superiority of Low‐Dose Benzbromarone to Low‐Dose Febuxostat in a Prospective, Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial in Gout Patients With Renal Uric Acid Underexcretion
Authors: Yan Fei , Xue Xiaomei , Lu Jie , Dalbeth Nicola , Qi Han , Yu Qing , Wang Can , Sun Mingshu , Cui Lingling , Liu Zhen , He Yuwei , Yuan Xuan , Chen Ying , Cheng Xiaoyu , Ma Lidan , Li Hailong , Ji Aichang , Hu Shuhui , Ran Zijing , Terkeltaub Robert , Li Changgui
Published: July 2022

Objective

The predominant mechanism driving hyperuricemia in gout is renal uric acid underexcretion; however, the standard urate‐lowering therapy (ULT) recommendation is first‐line xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI), irrespective of the cause of hyperuricemia. This comparative effectiveness clinical trial was undertaken to compare first‐line nontitrated low‐dose benzbromarone (LDBen) uricosuric therapy to XOI ULT with low‐dose febuxostat (LDFeb) in gout patients with renal uric acid underexcretion.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, randomized, single‐center, open‐label trial in men with gout and renal uric acid underexcretion (defined as fractional excretion of urate <5.5% and uric acid excretion ≤600 mg/day/1.73 m2). A total of 196 participants were randomly assigned to receive LDBen 25 mg daily or LDFeb 20 mg daily for 12 weeks. All participants received daily urine alkalization with oral sodium bicarbonate. The primary end point was the rate of achieving the serum urate target of <6 mg/dl.

Results

More participants in the LDBen group achieved the serum urate target than those in the LDFeb group (61% compared to 32%, P < 0.001). Rates of adverse events, including gout flares and urolithiasis, did not differ between groups, with the exception of greater transaminase elevation in the LDFeb group (4% for LDBen compared to 15% for LDFeb, P = 0.008).

Conclusion

Compared to LDFeb, LDBen has superior urate‐lowering efficacy and similar safety in treating relatively young and healthy patients with renal uric acid underexcretion–type gout.
Annulation Tactics of cis‐syn‐cis Triquinanes by Allylsilanes: Application of Hosomi‐Sakurai Reaction Conditions
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Ansari Saima , Gupta Naveen K.
Published: July 2022

A stereoselective [3+2] cycloaddition approach to functionalized pentaquinanes starting from cis‐syn‐cis triquinanes, derived from Cookson's diones, is reported. This transformation involves generation of six new stereocenters in a single step leading to cis‐anti‐cis‐syn‐cis‐anti‐cis polyquinane systems. Our method prevents transannular cyclizations which are prevalent in these moieties. The structure and stereochemistry of target molecules are well‐characterized based on NMR data and X‐ray diffraction studies.
Lanthanide Complexes (GdIII and EuIII) Based on a DOTA‐TEMPO Platform for Redox Monitoring via Relaxivity
Authors: Barré Richard , Mouchel dit Leguerrier Damien , Ruet Quentin , Fedele Lionel , Imbert Daniel , Martel‐Frachet Véronique , Fries Pascal H. , Molloy Jennifer K. , Thomas Fabrice
Published: July 2022

Three lanthanide complexes (Ln=Gd, Eu) based on a DO3 A ([Ln(L1)]) or DO2 A ([Ln(L2–3)]+) platform appended by a redox active TEMPO‐based arm were prepared. Complex [Ln(L2)]+ shows an alkyne arm, offering the possibility of postfunctionalization by click reaction to yield [Ln(L3)]+. The complexes demonstrate a redox response whereby the hydroxylamine, nitroxide and oxoammonium forms of the arm can be obtained in turn. Luminescence measurements on the europium complexes support an octadentate (L1, L3) or heptadentate (L2) chelation by the ligand, with one water molecule in the inner coordination sphere. The relaxivity was determined from 20 kHz to 30 MHz by fast‐field cycling NMR. The three GdIII complexes under their hydroxylamine form [Gd(L1)] and [Gd(L2–3)]+ show r1 values of 7.0, 5.1 and 5.0 mM−1 s−1 (30 KHz), which increase to 8.8, 5.5 and 6.1 mM−1 s−1 in the nitroxide form. The radical complexes are not toxic against M21 cell lines, at least up to 40 μM. By using EPR spectroscopy we establish that they do not penetrate the cells with the exception of [Eu(L2)]+.
Circular economy adoption challenges in the food supply chain for sustainable development
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Raut Rakesh D. , Jagtap Sandeep , Choubey Vikas Kumar
Published: July 2022

Food loss and waste are major issues in the food industry, and they affect all stages of the food supply chain (FSC). Food loss and waste are linked to environmental deterioration, economic loss, and an increase in hunger. Therefore, the food industry requires sustainable consumption and production (SCP) to reduce losses and waste. The circular economy (CE) concept has become a popular strategy for reducing food waste and boosting sustainability. Therefore, with efficient reverse logistics in the FSC, food producers can help achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) like SCP and zero hunger. In literature, minimal research has been available in identifying the CE adoption challenges in FSC. This research identifies 15 critical challenges from the literature and discussion with the panel of experts. The relationship between the challenges has been established through an interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique. The challenges were characterized in cause–effect according to their relational intensity obtained using the grey decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. Grey's relational theory is applied in DEMATEL to minimize uncertainty and vagueness of the expert judgment. The findings of this study suggest that creating policy from the government, providing incentives, and strictly enforcing environmental regulations are the most critical challenge. Hence, by focusing on the above, the effective adoption of the CE principle is achieved. This result also suggests that by addressing the challenges of CE, corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be performed. This study provides some recommendations for the practitioners to adopt CE towards sustainable development targets.
The drivers of eco‐innovations in small and medium‐sized enterprises: A systematic literature review and research directions
Authors: Passaro Renato , Quinto Ivana , Scandurra Giuseppe , Thomas Antonio
Published: July 2022

The debate on innovations that contributes to the decoupling of economic growth and environmental degradation or fosters the transition from the brown to the green economy is becoming increasingly relevant in the academic and business worlds, fuelling a research stream that is proving very interesting for its economic, environmental and social implications. Although the debate on the adoption of environmental innovations is well underway, the discussion on eco‐innovation in the context of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) is at a less developed stage and deserves more attention, especially given the relevance of these companies in the economic system of several countries. Thus, this study proposes a systematic literature review of the determinants of eco‐innovation in SMEs and explores the relationships among them by starting from the criticalities highlighted in the five literature reviews of determinants of eco‐innovations in SMEs that have been recently published. The first step of the research concerns a detailed description of the selection process of the articles under consideration and of their characteristics. In the second step, 14 main categories of determinants are identified. Additionally, in the third step, as result of this investigation, three basilar research directions and 13 related research questions emerged.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Phthalide Analogs‐1,2,4‐Oxadiazole Hybrids as Potential Anti‐Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Ruan Banfeng , Tang Xiaofei , Guo Weiyun , Hu Yong , Chen Liuzeng
Published: July 2022

A series of novel pathalide‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole analogs were synthesized for discovering novel anti‐inflammatory agents. After the assessment of their cytotoxicity in vitro, all compounds had been screened for their anti‐inflammatory activity by evaluating their inhibitory effect on LPS‐induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. SARs had been concluded, and finally compound E13 was found to be the most potent compound. This compound could also significantly decrease the production of iNOS and COX‐2. Preliminary mechanism studies indicated that compound E13 could inhibit the TLR4/NF‐κB and ERK/p38 signaling pathways. These findings indicate that E13 holds great potential to be a lead compound for discovering novel anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Xanthones and Xanthone O‐β‐D‐Glucosides from the Roots of Polygala azizsancarii Dönmez
Authors: Çalış İhsan , Ünlü Ayşe , Uğurlu Aydın Zübeyde , Dönmez Ali A. , Soliman Yusufoğlu Hasan , Jurt Simon , Linden Anthony
Published: July 2022

Nine xanthone derivatives (1–9) were isolated from the roots of Polygala azizsancarii, which is a narrow endemic species for the flora of Türkiye. Based on all of the evidence, the structures of 1–9 were established as two previously undescribed xanthone O‐glucosides, 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy‐1,6‐dihydroxy‐2,5,7‐trimethoxyxanthone (1), 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy‐1,6‐dihydroxy‐2,7‐dimethoxyxanthone (2), and seven previously described xanthones, 1,3,6‐trihydroxy‐2,5,7‐trimethoxyxanthone (3), 1,3,6‐trihydroxy‐2,7‐dimethoxyxanthone (4), 1,2,3,4,7‐pentamethoxyxanthone (5), 1,3‐dihydroxy‐2,5,6,7‐tetramethoxyxanthone (6), 1,3‐dihydroxy‐4,7‐dimethoxyxanthone (7), 1,7‐dihydroxy‐3‐methoxyxanthone (8), and 1,7‐dihydroxy‐2,3‐methylenedioxyxanthone (9). The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐NMR (1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, DEPT‐135), 2D‐NMR (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC, INADEQUATE), and HR‐MS. The solid‐state structures of 1–4, including the absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons of the sugar moiety in 1 and 2, were established by X‐ray crystal‐structure analyses. For the newly described compounds, the trivial names sancarosides A (1) and B (2) are proposed.
APA meeting features sessions on youth and mental disorders
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2022

At the June annual conference of the American Psychiatric Association (APA), several sessions stood out as focusing on youth and various problems including anxiety.
Identifying optimal early‐season harvest timing in annual fall forages
Authors: Billman Eric D. , de Souza Igor Alexandre , Smith Richard G. , Soder Kathy J. , Warren Nicholas D. , Brito André F.
Published: July 2022

Fall forage production in the northeastern United States is complicated by early onset of cool temperatures, limiting forage availability in cool‐season perennials. Annual forages planted in late summer as cover crops or supplemental forage crops may fill this niche; however, data on their nutritive value over the short fall harvest window is lacking. This study compared six annual forage crops for their forage mass and nutritive value and identified optimal harvest times based on changes between forage mass and digestibility. Monocultures of canola (Brassica napus L.), forage radish (Raphanus sativus L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), spring triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus [Secale × Triticum]), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sunn hemp (Crotolaria juncea L.), and a mixture of all six species were sown in August of 2015 and 2016 then harvested at three time points (6, 8, and 10 weeks after planting [WAP]) over the fall (September–November). Canola, oat, and spring wheat had the greatest forage mass, while sunn hemp had the least across all harvests. Canola and forage radish had the lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and greatest in vitro true dry matter digestibilities (IVTDMd) across all harvests, while sunn hemp and the grasses declined in IVTDMd after first and second harvest. Forage mass of the fall mix was comparable to the highest yielding monoculture at third harvest only. Results suggest that forage brassicas can be harvested without compromising mass or nutritive value, while cereal grasses gained forage mass at the expense of nutritive value.
1+1>2: Fiber Synergy in Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Yu Wanting , Yu Xiaoxiao , Qiu Zhenduo , Xu Chengjian , Gao Mengyue , Zheng Junjie , Zhang Junyan , Wang Gang , Cheng Yanhua , Zhu Meifang
Published: July 2022

Mesoscopic aggregate is important to transfer or even amplify the molecular information in macroscopic materials. As an important branch of aggregate science, aggregation‐induced emissive luminogens (AIEgens) often show slight or even no emission in solutions but exhibit bright emission when they aggregate, which open a new avenue for the practical applications. Due to the flexible and rotor structure of AIEgens, the aggregate structure of AIEgens is highly sensitive to the surrounding microenvironment, resulting in adjustable optical properties. Fibers integrated of a multiplicity of functional components are ideal carriers to control the aggregation processes, further assembly of fibers produces large‐scale fabrics with amplified functions and practical values. In this Concept article, we focus on the latest advances on the synergy between “AIE+Fiber” for the boosted performance that beyond AIE, and their applications are presented and abstracted out to stimulate new ideas for developing “AIE+Fiber” systems.
Dynamic Covalent Optical Chirality Sensing with a Sterically Encumbered Aminoborane
Authors: De los Santos Zeus A. , Lynch Ciarán C. , Wolf Christian
Published: July 2022

A sterically encumbered aminoborane sensor is introduced and used for quantitative stereochemical analysis of monoalcohols, diols and amino alcohols. The small‐molecule probe exhibits a rigid ortho‐substituted arene scaffold with a proximate boron binding site and a triarylamine circular dichroism (CD) reporter unit which proved to be crucial for the observed chiroptical signal induction. Coordination of the chiral target molecule produces strong Cotton effects and UV changes that are readily correlated to its absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition and concentration to achieve comprehensive stereochemical analysis within a 5 % absolute error margin. The sensing method was successfully applied in the chromatography‐free analysis of less than one milligram of a crude asymmetric reaction mixture and the advantages of this chiroptical sensing approach, which is amenable to high‐throughput experimentation equipment and automation, over traditional methods is discussed.
Estimation and fault diagnosis for non‐linear system with time‐varying faults and measurement noises: Application on two CSTRs in series
Authors: Bzioui Sana , Channa Rafik
Published: July 2022

A continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is largely used in water treatment and in chemical and biological processes. It is characterized by a complex non‐linear behaviour. Operating large reactors in industry can be expensive, so a common trick used to reduce costs is to operate multiple CSTRs in series. Consequently, the CSTR is usually exposed to faults and noises. This paper addresses the design of a robust observer for estimation and fault diagnosis strategy on two CSTRs in series. The considered system is affected simultaneously by time‐varying actuator and sensor faults with measurement noises. The Takagi‐Sugeno multimodel approach is proposed to transform the non‐linear model into an interpolation of several linear sub‐models with non‐measurable premise variables. The purpose of this brief is to provide the state and the fault estimation for the considered system using a proportional multiple integral (PMI) unknown input observer. The exponential stability conditions are studied with the Lyapunov theory and L2 optimization and formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities. In addition, a comparative study with a PMI observer is conducted. Finally, the proposed observer is used for time‐varying fault detection and isolation.
Clinical recommendations to diagnose and monitor patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in Asia
Authors: Lin Weiqin , Chattranukulchai Pairoj , Lee Alex PW , Lin Yen‐Hung , Yu Wen‐Chung , Liew Houng‐Bang , Oomman Abraham
Published: July 2022

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) is a debilitating and life‐threatening condition with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. Recent guidelines from the United States and Europe have been published to guide clinical practice and to facilitate management conformity by covering current diagnostic and treatment strategies for patients with ATTR‐CM. These guidelines highlight the importance of an early diagnosis to optimize therapeutic outcomes, specifying the use of tests and imaging techniques to allow accurate, noninvasive diagnosis of ATTR‐CM. However, as regional practice variations across Asia may limit access to healthcare, availability of specific tests, and expertise in assessing diagnostic images, there is an ongoing need to provide an Asian perspective on these clinical guidelines. This review article provides practical recommendations for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with ATTR‐CM in Asia, highlighting the need for additional guidelines to support a broad and diverse population, consider differing healthcare systems and diagnostic testing availability, and provide a flexible yet robust algorithm.
Extending NMR Tortuosity Measurements to Paramagnetic Catalyst Materials Through the Use of Low Field NMR
Authors: Ward‐Williams Jordan A. , Karsten Vivian , Guédon Constant M. , Baart Timothy A. , Munnik Peter , Sederman Andrew J. , Mantle Mick D. , Zheng Qingyuan , Gladden Lynn F.
Published: July 2022

Pulsed Field Gradient (PFG) NMR is recognised as an analytical technique used to characterise the tortuosity of porous media by measurement of the self‐diffusion coefficient of a fluid contained within the pore space of the material of interest. Such measurements are usually performed on high magnetic field NMR hardware (>300 MHz). However, many materials of interest, in particular heterogeneous catalysts, contain significant amounts of paramagnetic species, which make such measurements impossible due to their characteristic short spin‐spin relaxation times. Here it is demonstrated that by performing PFG NMR measurements on a low field magnet (2 MHz), tortuosity measurements can be obtained for a range of titania (TiO2) based carriers and catalyst precursors containing paramagnetic species up to a 20 wt.% loading. The approach is also used to compare the tortuosity of two catalyst precursors of the same metal loading prepared by different methods.
Time‐Dependent Growth Rates of TGA‐Capped ZnS Nanocrystals as a Synthetic Formula for Ligand‐Capped Quantum Dots
Authors: Bui Tan Phuc , Nguyen Thanh Phuong
Published: July 2022

ZnS quantum dots (ZnS QDs) are prepared in the absence and presence of thioglycolic acid (TGA) molecules by using a chemical precipitation method. The as‐prepared ZnS QDs are characterized by photoluminescence (PL), UV–vis absorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD). Based on the calculation from XRD patterns, the temporal evolution of ZnS‐TGA QD size is fashioned and is in agreement with the Ostwald ripening process. The temporal evolution of ZnS–TGA QD size is divided into two regimes and two approximate expressions of growth time (t) − average size (d) ast= Ad3+ B andt= Cd2+ D (A, B, C, D are constants) for lower and higher values oftare suggested, respectively. The growth rates are large in the lower regime and are near zero in the higher regime. The time value at the frontier of these regimes is revealed as the necessary time to synthesize ZnS–TGA QDs. Under the experimental conditions, this value is 60 min (corresponding size of 1.80 nm). This study paves the way for determining the fabrication time of ligand‐capped quantum dots.
Do foreign chief executive officers spend more on corporate social responsibility in Vietnam?
Authors: Adomako Samuel , Tran Mai Dong
Published: July 2022

Despite the burgeoning studies on corporate social responsibility, little is known about the influence of chief executive officer (CEO) foreignness on a firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure. This study investigated the effect of foreign CEOs on CSR expenditure of local firms in Vietnam. In addition, we examined the moderating roles of firm reputation and customer demandingness on foreign CEO‐CSR expenditure relationship. Results from data collected from 167 local firms in Vietnam indicate that CEO foreignness positively influences CSR expenditure. The results also revealed that greater levels of firm reputation and demanding customers moderate the effect of CEO foreignness and CSR expenditure. Implications for CSR scholarship and practice are discussed.