bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Því flýgur krákan víða
Authors: Halldórsson Ólafur
Published: March 2024

In the Arnamagnean Collection in Copenhagen there are two vellum leaves, AM 687b 4to, the remnants of a book of song (free organum for 2 and 3 voices). The manuscript is written by an Icelander. Its first known owner was Porleifur Bjornsson, minister at Reykhólar (16th century). Fol. lv—2v contain scores, but on Fol. lr there are eight riddles, three verses and one Pula (fragment?), written in the 16th century. These rhymes are printed here in orthography of the manuscript, but riddles nr.1—7 have previously been printed (inexactly) from a copy by Hallgrímur Scheving (JS 289 8vo) in Islenzkar gátur (Icelandic Riddles), collected by Jón Árnason, Copenhagen 1887, and riddle nr. 4 also in Almanak hins íslenzka pjóðvinafelags 1876.It is clear from errors owing to misreadings that the writer of 687b has copied the riddles from a book, and from the beginnings of nr. 6: Hverr er sá inn priði (Who is the third one), nr. 7: Hverr er sá inn ellejti (Who is the eleventh one) and nr. 8: Mggr er sá inn nítiándi (The nineteenth is a son) it may be deduced that they come from a collection of riddles. The riddles are in the Ijóðaháttr metre but the lines are unusually long and all the stanzas are more than 6 lines (9, 12 and 15). They contain a few words that are either rare or otherwise unknown in Icelandic and a few with unusual meanings: 2.9 rauf, fem. ó-stem, used tomean the same as Da. røv, Sw. rov. — 2.10 hjassi, masc. an-stem, meaning the same as Da. isse, Sw. hjásse; this is also found in rímur. — 3.7 sauðafeitt, where feitt is obviously the same as Da. fat, Sw. Dial. fatt, Old Sw. ulla fætter, ought to be "'fætt in Icelandic, here used to mean uncombed wool or a sheep's woolen coat. — 4.6 knapaldr, neutr., unknown from other sources, here probably used for a block of wood. — 6.2 pari (or parri), masc. an-stem, the same as Sw. tarre. — 8.4 vígnýra, neutr., thesame word as Old Gotlandic 'vigniauri', i. e. testicle. The solution of the riddles is: No. 1: a steelyard. — No. 2: a mouldfor forging nails. — No. 3: wool combs. — No. 4: a footstool. — No. 5: a pot-hook. — No. 6: a bell clapper. — No. 7: a fish-hook, probably one with a bent stem. — No. 8: a stalk of angelica. Dating the riddles is problematic, but in all probability they are fromthe 12th or 13th century. They have probably been written down in the same place as the verses, which are of different ages, no. 9 probably oldest and no. 12 youngest. East Nordic words suggest that the riddles have not been composed in Iceland and che verses are obviously not Icelandic. The author does not feel competent to pronounce whether the riddles and the verses were composed in the eastern part of Norway, or perhaps in Sweden. In the above-mentioned work by Jón Árnason the riddles no. 1060, 535 and 777 are orally transmitted fragments derived from the riddles here numbered 3, 5 and 8.
Place-names of Fula
Authors: Stewart John
Published: March 2024

I ritgerðini verða framløgd staðanøvn á oynni Fula (Fugloy) í Hjaltlandi, sum høvundurin savnaði í tíðarskeiðinum 1951—56.Nøvnini eru skipað eftir uppruna, soleiðis at navnalutirnir eru uppsettir í bókstavarøð i fornnorrøna málbúna sínum; við hvønn teirra eru nøvnini sett í tí sniði, tey hava í nútíðarmáli. Norrønu nøvnini eru um 800 i tali, meðan eini 80 eru skotsk ellablendingur av báðum.
Um hljóðdvöl í íslenzku
Authors: Sigmundsson Svavar
Published: March 2024

Previously it was believed that Jón Arason (died 1550) was the last Icelandic poet to observe the old rules of quantity, but Stefán Karlsson has pointed out that as late as 1643 poetry was being written in the old manner.

The difference in length between í and i, for example, was secondary, the main difference being that í was tense, whereas i was lax. The first stage in this development was that + tense: -r tense lost its significance, and + length: -j- length became the deciding factor both for the old lax vowels and all diphthongs. In modern Icelandic there is no phonetic difference between long and short vowels, whereas such a difference does exist in modern Faroese.

In Icelandic diplomas from ca. 1300—1450 there are many examples of doubled intervocalic consonants, mostly following a lax vowel (for example sammann), and following diphthongs, most often ei (nteittaði); the same phenomenon is present in Norwegian diplomas from the same time, although in the Icelandic // appears only sproradically for / (Steffán), whereas the Norwegian has many examples of this. In the oldest of these diplomas there are also many examples of uncertainty as to whether the tensity of a vowel should be indicated by doubling it or by adding a diacritical mark over it, and in the case of the length of a consonant, whether to double it: máálum, naat, setu, snori, aara instead of málum, nátt, settu, Snorri, Ara. Examples of this uncertainty also occur in modern Icelandic (orusta : orrusta). Diphthongization of e began already in the 13th century, that of <* around 1400, whereas diphthongization of á and ó \s not observed in writing before the 15th and 16th centuries. At the same time, or perhaps somewhat later, lax vowels became long before short consonants. The unstressed vowels i and u were first written e and o, since they corresponded to e and 6. When e became a diphthong, i was written when unstressed, and by analogy, u. Somewhat different was the development of foreign loanwords: Ádam and (.va. Delabialization of y and ý is more recent, beginning around or after 1500, but examples of a difference between y and i are still to be found in the ballad book of Gissur Sveinsson (born 1604). Delabialization of y in the diphthong ey, however, began already in the first half of the 14th century. The corresponding development in the other Scandinavian languages is also mentioned.
Sjúka í diskunum bróstgeislanna millum
Authors: Joensen Høgni Debes
Published: March 2024

The present paper describes 56 cases of a pathological picture, herereferred to as mb. disci columnae thoracalis. The majority of the patientswere between 35 and 55 years old. Approximately half of the patients were admitted under the diagnosis of mb. cordis. In most cases the disease set in gradually as a deep pain between the shoulder-blades. The greater part of the patients had pain radiating to the thorax, most frequently to the left half of the thorax. The most important objective findings were pressure tenderness, hyperaesthesia, and scoliosis, and the most important radiographic findings were narrowing of the discs and formation of ostheophytes (see Eig. 1—8). The patients received physiotherapy.
Seismic Measurements on The Faeroe Island, 1970
Authors: Casten Uwe
Published: March 2024

Skjálvtafrøðiligar dýpdarkanningar vóru gjørdar í samvinnu við laarda háskúlan í Hambung (Institut fiir die Physik des Erdkórpers) á rygginum millum Føroya og íslands í døgunum 9. til 14. juli 1970. Við tveggja-skipaháttinum vóru skjálvtafrøðiligar afturvarp- og brotmátingar gjørdar á sjónum. 1 Streymoy fylgdu 4 landstøðir við spreingingunum á sjónum. Uppsetingar av skjálvtaritunum frá landstøð nr. 2 eru sýndar. Einans ein Lind kundi verða rannsakað við at bera saman skjálvtafrøðiligu viðburðirnar. Snarleikin 6,1 (5,6 • 5,7) km/s er ein P^bylgjiu-snarleiiki og 3,4 km/s ein S-bylgju-snarleiki. Teir eru at vísa seg snarleikar hjá undirstøðinum undir basaltgrýti Føroya.
Faroese Bird Name Origins (II)
Authors: Lockwood W.B.
Published: March 2024

Fuglanøvnini glibbari 'skarvsungi' og meyrus 'skú(g)vur' eru lýst sum heldur ungar navnorðagerðir burtur úr óuppskrivaðum sagoorðum *%libba 'skræða í seg' og ''meyra 'skríða; kláa', sbr. norskt glibba, maura við hesum merkingum. Ætlað er, at orðið havhestur kann vera komið av tí neggjandi ljóði, sum er stundum at hoyra á málinum 1 hesum fugli. Navnið nakkalanga 'álka' kemur av høvuðburði hjá fuglinum, meðan sjálvt orðið álka er grekt sum enn ófunnið orð fyri 'hálsi'. Skúgvur, skúvur, fornnorrønt skúfr er runnið av eltingarljóði hjá fuglinum og hevur verið tilliikt fornnarrønum skúfr '>skú(g)vur, skúgving' (da. dusk). At enda merkir blikur bókstavliga 'glampi, ljómi, glitur' og sipar til hin glæsiliga fjaðurhamin.
Eplaálurin
Authors: Jacobsen Hans Jacob
Published: March 2024

The treatise deals with Heterodera Schachti on the Faroes. When it first was found here and what is made to verify it. The figures are drawings at the microscope from these inquiries. Second section (II) which deals with researches in laboratory and the field, will appear in this annuary next year.
Fólkanøvn í Norðoya sýslu 1801
Authors: Jákupsstovu Jákup í
Published: March 2024

I seinastu grein (Fólkanøvn í Eysturoyar sýslu 1801. Fróðskaparrit 19. bók, 1971) varð gjørt upp, at hagartil vóru kannað nøvn á 4.620 fólkum av landsins íbúgvatali 1801 tilsamans 5.265 fólkum

»Tey írestandi 645 fólk verða at f inna í Norðoya sýslu....«

Hetta er kortini lættari sagt enn gjørt. Anton Degn skjalavørður endar sítt avrit av manntalslistanum fyri Norðoya sýslu við hesum dómi: »De daarligst og mest ufuldstændigt affattede af alle Folketællingslisterne 1801«, og í hesum eigur hann allan rætt.
Faroese Bird-Name Origins (III)
Authors: Lockwood W.B.
Published: March 2024

Navnið imbrimil verður týtt sum »skúm-ýlari«. Nøvnini karkareyði og karkarassur verða mett at vera úr máli fuglamanna. Sýnt verður, at navnið lomvigi, sum higartil hevur verið ætlað at hava samband við navnið lómur, er reglulig føroysk framkoma úr fornnorr. langvé. Milluni fuglanøvn er súla undantak, tí tað er ætlandi komið av navni á manngjørdum luti, sama orð og vaðsúla. Terna kann ikki verða nýtt til endurgerðar av fornum orðasniðum.
Mórena á Borðoyarvík, súm bendir á eitt millumbil í glersetingini har norðuri
Authors: Rasmussen Jóannes
Published: March 2024

The present article deals wlth a glaoial deposit facing the coast of Borðoyarvík near Klakksvík. The deposit consists of till, separated into an upper and a lower part by intercalated, thin lenticular layers of fine, slightly stratified, firm clay or sand. The upper till frequently contains shingle and pebbles which are not to be seen in the lower till. The intercalated clay bed contains remnants of wood, probably driftwood (Picea or Larix). Furthermore there are marane diatoms (Paralia), pollen of Empetrumand Gramineae in great number, some pollen grains of birch and a few pollen grains of pine and hazel. The wood has been radiocarbon dated to > 30.000 years. The upper till shows a retreat and later advance of the ice front. The clay bed, probably of interglacial origin, is secondarily deposited.
Glacial striae, roches moutonnees and ice movements on Suðuroy (Faeroe Islands)
Authors: Jørgensen Gunni , Rasmussen Jóannes
Published: March 2024

Flestar ritgerðir um glersetingarjarðfrøði Føroya eru frá seinastu øld. Hildið verður at Føroyar vóru eitt glersetingarøki fyri seg, tí ísskøvur og seyðagrót vísa út í allar ættir, og einki ísborið fremmant grót er funnið í oyggjunum. ísskøvur eru ikki sæddar oman fyri 500 m og gitt varð ti, at ísurin hevði ikki rokkið longri upp. Kanningar seinastu árini hava víst, at ísurin í landsynning úr Føroyum hevur ligið um allan landgrunnin.

Greinin snýr seg um kanningar av ísgongdini í Suðuroy. Skøvut hella (ísskøvur) og avbrýndur klettur (seyðagrót) eru merkieftir ísi, har hann er farin um eitt landslag. ísgongdin í Suðuroy er vorðin kannað við at geva hesum merkjum gætur, og eru tær einstøku eygleiðingarnar av ísskøvum og seyðagróti settar upp í yvirliti. Ættin, sum nevnd er í sambandi við seyðgrót, er tann ættin, ísurin er gingin í. Úrslitið av kanningunum er, at Suðuroyggin í hvussu so er í seinastu ístíð hevur verið egið glersetingarøki, og at meginísmarkið, markið miilum ísin, sum gekk vestureftir og ísin sum gekk eystureftir, hevur ligið nær útímóti vesturstrondini. ísmarkið hevur ligið eitt sindur eystan fyrí vatnsmarkið, ið nú er; tað er á kortinum avmerkt sum feit reyð strika og ørvar vísa ísgongdina báðar vegir. Merki eftir aðrari ísgongd — frá einari eldri istíð — eru ikki sædd; tað verður tí hildið at ísurin gjøgnum alla ísøldina er farin um eitt landslag, sum líkt var landslagnum nú er. Sjá annars hjálagda kort yvir ísgongdina í Suðuroy.
Bygdekirken pá Færøyene sett fra Norge
Authors: Christie Håkon
Published: March 2024

Víst hevur verið á, at føroyska bygdakirkjan í sniði minnir nógv um langkirkjur úr gróti, sum gjørdust rættuliga vanligar í Noregi eftir 1250. Múrurin og sóknarkirkjan í Kirkjubø eru av hesum slagi. Langkirkjur finnast sostatt í Føroyum í miðøld, men sambandið millum hesar kírkjur úr 13. øld og bygdakirkjurnar úr 19. øld er ikki eyðsæð. Rannsakaðu kirkjutoftirnar á Sandi vísató á hetta sambandið. Meðan báðar tær elstu kirkjurnar hava smalri kór, er triðja kirkjan úr seinmiðøld ein langkirkja við javnbreiðum kóri og kirkjurúmi. Á Sandi sæst siðurin at byggja langkirkjur úr viði sostatt at stava frá einum tíðarskeiði, tá enn var vanligt í Noregi at byggja slíkar kirkjur úr gróti. Í Noregi vórðu eisini langkirkjur úr viði bygdar í miðøld, og skilliga við grótkirkjunum sum fyrimynd. Hóast føroyska bygdakirkjan í byggihátti er skyld við norsku stavkirkjurnar, eru sermerki hennara runnin úr øðrum byggisiðum.
Bókmentaliga virksemi Sverra Dahl
Authors: Zachariasen Ulf
Published: March 2024

Bókmentir
Some MagnetoteJluric Measurements on the Faeroe Islands 1978
Authors: Rasmussen T. , Hedebol Nielsen P. , Pedersen L. B.
Published: March 2024

The results of magnetotelluric measurements at two locations on the Faeroe Islands are presented. We show the apparent resistivities and the interpretation in terms of Bostick resistivities and depths. The Bostick interpretatíon of our data suggests that the resistivity increases nearly monotonically from about 10 Qm at a depth of 4 km to about 350 Qm at a depth of 100 km.
Plantusáðteljing í Føroyum 1982 og 1983
Authors: Jóhansen Jóhannes , Steig Jón á
Published: March 2024

With a Burkard pollen and spore sampler placed 20 m above ground on Landssjúkrahúsið, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, thecontent of pollen and spores in the air has been investigated. The results are shown in figs. 1-6 and table 1. Extremely low values have been found compared with other countries e.g. Denmark. This might partly be due to the fact that Landssjúkrahúsið is situated close to the sea, but the pollen production is probably much lower in the Faroes than incountries further south. It was found that on days with high proportions of grass pollen, patients were affected and showed allergetic symptoms, even if the number always was in the class low (O-5/m3) according to Nordic Medical Standard.
The autumn migration at Akraberg, Faroe Islands, 1982
Authors: Bloch Dorete , Sørensen Søren
Published: March 2024

í tíðarskeiðinum 17/9 - 11/10 1982 varð roynd gjørd at hava fuglakanningarstøð á vitanum á Akrabergi (Mynd 1-4) við 1 eygleiðara. í hesum tíðarbili vórðu sædd 101 sløg (App. 1). Eygleiddir vórðu fuglar, ið ferðaðust um hav og land, og eisini fuglar, sum støðgaðu á. Av sjófugli, ið regluliga flytur um okkara leiðir, var mest til av havhesti (í mesta lagi sæddir 18.000/tíma), næst var rita (2000/tíma) og súla (50/tíma), App. 1). Allir kjógvarnir og serstakliga nakað av dimmum havskrápi sóust á havætt. Smáflokkar av ymiskum gásasløgum og somuleiðis smyril vórðu sæddir (Talva 4). Av vaðfugli var bara tjaldursgrælingur í meingi (Talva 5). Av smáfugli vóru títlingur og grátítlingur teir, ið mest var til av (Mynd 6), meðan talið av steinstólpu minkaði, sum frá leið (Mynd 7). Helmingurin av teimum sæddu sløgunum verður hildin at vera fuglar, ið bendir eru av leið úr Skandinavia, Stóra Bretlandi, og sløg, ið búleika eystari á (Mynd 8-9). Av eysturlendskum sløgum sóust m.o. reyðtítlingur (nýtt slag), dvørgspurvur (nýtt slag), ural-ljómari (App. 2). Tað, ið rakt varð við av fugli á Akrabergi, samsvaraði væl við tað, ið sást á Fair Isle sama tíðarskeið. Av hesum sæst, at Akraberg er eitt sera væl hóskandi stað at hava fuglastøð á.
Vágamálføri
Authors: Petersen Hjalmar P.
Published: March 2024

The dialect of Vágar and Mykines (hence VM) is spoken on the westernmost islands of the Faroc Islands. Earlier works on dialects - e.g.- Fterøsk Anthologi (1891) - regard it as a part of the dialect in Suðurstreymoy. In my opinion it better taken as a genuine dialect. The reasons are: diftongization and glide insertion in the structures 1) a/æ-a > ei:a (hagan), 2) ú-a > áu-a (fáa)and3)ø-a>>'w:-a(kvøða).(The IPA script is used in the article itself). Some other minor phonological features speak against grouping VM with Suðurstreymoy, especially the pronunciation of Old Norse ó as /eu:/ rather than /áu:/ as in Suðurstreymoy. More important - together with the diftongization an glide insertion - is, that VM has one special intonation sct called drynjing.The tone of a word at the end of a phrase is approximately as high as the tone on the following syllable. This intonation set has although nothing to do with the musical accent in Norwegian, Swedish and in Danish dialects. The drynjing is one of the reasons for very clearly articulated vowels at theend of a word. This has, in turn influence on the morphology, compare Suðurstreymoy ein stórir vinir (nom. sg. mask.), tann góðe vinirin (nom. sg. mask.), leir góðe vinirnir (nom., akk. pl. mask.), eg vende (pret. 1. p. sg. ind.) vit vende (pret. 1. p. pl. ind.) and Vágar/Mykines ein stórur vinur, tann góói vinurin, teir góðu vinirnir, eg vendi, vit vendu. VM and Suðurstreymoy has thus different ways of expressing the content of some bound morphemes. Thedialect of Vágar and Mykines do not soften plosives between vowels and at the end of a word as in Suðurstreymoy, e.g. VM tak(a): Suðurstreymoy tag(a). Wíthin the area there are no mentionable differences, and the only change I have observed is that the younger generation do not have glide insertion and diftongization in word of the kvøða-typc. Older texts (Svabo towards the end of 1800) fails to quote this diftongization and in the fúa-type. There is a possibility, that they were not presentin the dialect at that time, but Svabo also fails to quote diftongization in words of the hagan-type. It is only seen in hypercorrect writing with original Faroes ey /ey) form Old Norse au. This makes you think, that he deliberately is avoiding all.the diftongizations whatever his reasons may be. One observation I made, listening to the tapes, was a spirant g in lagdur. This can be the ON pronunciation of the g-sound in a protected phonological environment an just in one family, or an innovation. Following the development of the dialect from Svabo until today, there are rather few changes in morphology and phonology. One change seen durng the last years in VM is when youngsters confuse nom. and akk. pl. definite eg sú bátarnar > eg sá bátarnir. This can be due to radio and television, which is very mush under influence of the Suðurstreymoy dialect, or just an inner change taking place in the morphology, so that the system gets »simpler«.
Skaldslig søga ella søgulig skaldsøga
Authors: Marnersdóttir Malan
Published: March 2024

In this article are analyzed composition, narrative style and character drawing in the historical novel ...hvørt við sínar náðir by D. P. Danielsen (1913-91). Also is demonstrated that in spite of the intention to stimulate the reader's imagination of the way of life of a group of people in a new-founded settlement in the early 19th century, the novel actually deals with interest and ideas prevailingin the second half of the 20th century.
The red-leaved Faroese dandelion, Taraxacum rubifolium Rasmussen
Authors: Øllgaard Hans
Published: March 2024

The specific recognition marks of Taraxacum rubifolium are listed. The misleading Latin name must be maintained. The species is lectotypified here. Some notes about the history and present distribution of 7". rubifolium are given.
Holocene Tephra Layers in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Dugmore Andrew J. , Newton Anthony J.
Published: March 2024

Evidence of at least five silicic and one basaltic tephra layers of Holocene age have been found in the Faroe Islands. All these tephras are likely to have originated in Iceland. In addition, historical records suggest fallout may have occurred after three recent eruptions of Katla in 1625 AD, 1660 AD, 1755 AD, but this has yet to be confirmed with finds of tephra. The one basaltic layer currently known in Faroe is called the Saksunarvatn tephra, and was deposited about 9100 BP. It forms an important regional isochrone, that is present throughout the north-east Atlantic region. We report new geochemical data on the Saksunarvatn tephra from the type site, and an older silicic tephra designated L3574. While the identity of the two youngest Holocene silicic tephras found in Faroe remains uncertain, we present geochemical data on two mid-Holocene silicic tephras which identifies them as the Icelandic tephras H-4 (3800 BP) and H-S (3500 BP).
Reproduction of Faroe Plateau Cod: Spawning Grounds, Egg Advection and Larval Feeding
Authors: Gaard Eilif , Steingrund Petur
Published: March 2024

Faroe Plateau cod spawn mainly in two areas that lie close inside the tidal front that surrounds the Faroe Shelf. Eggs and larvae are advected in an anticyclonic direction around the Islands. Peak spawning is in the second half of March, and, thus, the majority of cod larvae start feeding in April. At this time, secondary production on the central shelf is still at a low level. However, over-wintered Calanus finmarchicus, which are advected from offshore onto the northern and western slope and shelf regions may spawn by April. Observations from April 1995 and 1999 showed that the firstfeeding cod larvae fed mainly on copepod eggs, which, based on their sizes, are presumed to be mainly C. finmarchicus eggs. Copepod nauplii were only of minor importance. The spawning areas of Faroe Plateau cod are close to the areas with the highest average egg productionof C. fmmarchicus during early spring. This results in a coherent advection of cod eggs, larvae, and food from the spawning ground. They are advected clockwise, in an easterly direction, onto the northern shelf region and are then dispersed throughout the central shelf area. As the cod larvae grow, they switch over to larger prey. Food observations in late May 1995showed mainly a mixture of copepod nauplii, young copepodites of C. finmarchicus, and various neritic copepod species (mainly Acartia and Temora), which were produced on the shelf during spring.
Dominant Species Abundance Related to Environmental Factors on Rocky Shores in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Lein Eiliv , Stige Leif Christian , Bruntse Grethe
Published: March 2024

Abundance data on 22 species at 168 intertidal sites with hard substrate in the Faroe Islands were analysed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and related ordination techniques. Wave exposure was shown to be the single most important factor. Substrate type and the position in fj'ords were the other major variables, possibly related to their effects on exposure. Current and tidal amplitude had minor effects. No effects were detected from slope, aspect, or local protection. The results alsoindicated the presence of an unknown factor responsible for some of the variation. The biological exposure scale, which was developed by Bruntse et al. (1999b) and based on the same data, was shown to resemble the first axis in Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). The present analyses supported the interpretation that the biological scale mainly reflects wave exposure.
News and Progress 2001
Authors: Bloch Dorete
Published: March 2024

PhD-theses / Ársins doktarar 2001.
Andras Mortensen: Hin føroyski róðrarbáturin. Sjómentir føroyinga í eldri tíð. (The faroese Rowing Boat. Maritime Culture of the Faroes in old Times).
Eilif Gaard: The Plankton Community Structure on the Faroe Shelf. Relationship to environmental conditions, trophic nteraction,and comparison with the offshore environment.
Gestur Hovgaard: Globalisation, Embeddedness and Local Coping Strategies - a comparative and qualitative study of local dynamics in contemporary social change. Forlaget Samfundsplanlægning. Ph.D. thesis no. 29/2001. Roskilde: Roskilde University.
Scientific publications about the Faroe Islands, 2002 - Vísindaritverk 2002
Authors: Faroe University Press Fróðskaparrit , Faroe University Press Fróðskaparrit
Published: March 2024

Scientific publications aboutthe Faroe Islands, 2002Vísindaritverk 2002
Heltn
Authors: Weyhe Eivind
Published: March 2024

Úrtak

Orðið heltn er ikki til sum felagsnavn í nútíðar føroyskum. Men tað er varðveitt sum navnliður í føroyskum staðanøvnum. Í greinini verður víst á, hvar í landinum navnið finst, og hvørjar formar tað kann hava. Borið verður saman við fornnorrønt, norskt og íslendskt, og ljóðligar og formligar málbroytingar verða umrøddar.

Abstract

In modern Faroese the word heltn does not exist as a common noun. It is however preserved as an element in Faroese placenames. The article indicates where in the Faroes the name is to be found and the different forms it can take. Comparison is made with Old Norse, Norwegian and Icelandic, and phonetic as well as morphological changes are discussed.
Constructing identities in children’s cultures of consumption
Authors: Hayfield Erica A. , Davies John , Marsden David
Published: March 2024

Úrtak

Børn í vesturheiminum, eisini í føroyum, gerast meira og meira framkomin og vand sum brúkarar. Kortini er vitanin um, hvussu børn sjálv uppliva og samskifta umnýtslu í teirra mentanum, sera avmarkað. Hetta er fyrst og fremst orsakað av, at tað er sjón ar horn ið hjá teimum vaksnu, sum er grundarlagið, tá ið børn verða granskað. Í hesari grein verður tískil roynt at lýsa úr sjónarhorninum hjá børnum, hvønn leiklut nýtsla hevur, tá ið samleikin hjá børnum verður skapaður. Greinin hevurstøði í einari etnografiskari kanning, sum varð gjørd í Skotlandi, og úrslitini verða nýtt til at vísa á øki sum kundi verið áhugaverd at granska í Føroyum.

Abstract

Children in the Western world, including the Faroe Islands, are increasingly sophisticated consumers. Yet, little is known about how children themselves experience and mediate consumption in their cultures. The reason for this is primarily grounded in the adult-centric approach which has traditionally been applied in research with children. Therefore, this paper attempts tounderstand what role consumption plays in the con struction of identity among children from a child-centric perspective. The paper draws on an ethnographic study conducted in Scotland and uses these findings to map out some areas which usefully could be explored in the Faroese context.
Solitary ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea and Sorberacea) of the Faroes
Authors: Ámundur
Published: March 2024

Úrtak

Allir teir støku sjóbjølgarnir, sum vóru innsavnaðir undir BIOFAR-verkætlanini eru rannsakaðir og navngreindir til lægstu møguligu flokkingarskipan. Innan BIOFAR verkætlanin byrjaði í 1987, vóru 24 sløg av stakum sjóbjølg um staðfest innan fyri 200 fjórðinga sjómarkið. Eftir BIOFAR er talið økt til 36. Stakir sjóbjølgar eru staðfestir í 17 prosent av støðunum (225 av tilsamans1325). Tólv eru staðfestir fyri fyrstu ferð: Ascidia mentula Müller, 1776, Styela atlantica (Van Name, 1912), Styela similis Monniot, 1970, Styela theeli Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1921, Cnemidocarpa mollispina Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1922, Cnemi do carpamortenseni Hartmeyer, 1912, Polycarpa porculus Monniot C. and Monniot F., 1979, Molgula herdmani Bjerkan, 1905, Molgula mira (Ärnbäck, 1931), Molgula occulta Kuppfer, 1875, Eugyra islandica Millar, 1974, og Asajirus arcticus (Hartmeyer, 1923). Slektirnar Cnemidocarpa og Asajirus eru staðfestar fyri fyrstu ferð á økinum.

Abstract

All the solitary ascidian material collected during the BIOFAR programme has been worked through and identified to lowest possibly taxomomic level. Before the BIOFAR programme star ted in 1987, twenty four solitary ascidian species had been recorded within the Faroese Exclusive Eco nomic Zone (EEZ). The BIOFAR sampling has in creased this number to thirty six. Solitary ascidians are recorded at 17% of the stations (225 out of 1325). Twelve species were recorded for the first time:Ascidia mentula Müller, 1776; Styela atlantica (Van Name, 1912); Styela similis Monniot, 1970; Styela theeli Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1921; Cnemidocarpa mollispina Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1922; Cnemidocarpa mortenseni Hartmeyer, 1912; Polycarpa porculus Monniot C. and Monniot F., 1979; Molgula herdmani Bjerkan, 1905; Molgula mira (Ärnbäck, 1931); Molgulaocculta Kuppfer, 1875; Eugyra islandica Millar, 1974; and Asajirus arcticus (Hartmeyer, 1923). Two genera, Cnemidocarpa and Asajirus, are recorded for the first time in the area.
Distribution of Woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscoidea) in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Hansen Janus , Jensen Jens-Kjeld
Published: March 2024

Úrtak

Fýra sløg av gráum undir steini eru staðfest í Føroyum: Trichoniscus pusillus Brandt, 1833, Ligia oceanica (Linnaeus, 1767), Oniscus asellus Linnaeus, 1758 og Porcellio scaber Latreille, 1804. Í hesari kanning varð einki nýtt slag funnið. Á 48 støðum vórðu grá undir steini staðfest fyri fyrstu ferð, so saman við eldri kanningum eru tey nú staðfest á 59 støðum tilsamans.Hesi støð eru sett á kort. Orðskift verður um útbreiðsluna.

Abstract

A survey of woodlice has been conducted. Species found were: Trichoniscus pusillus Brandt, 1833, Ligia oceanica, Oniscus asellus Linnaeus, 1758 and Porcellio scaber Latreille, 1804, and no new species were found. We were able to document the presence of woodlice in 48 new locations, bringing the total to 59. The distribution found is discussed.
Iris yellow spot orthotospovirus pathosystem, virus host and vector (Thrips tabaci)
Authors: Ávila-Alistac Norma , Zamora-Macorra Erika J. , Lozoya-Saldaña Héctor
Published: March 2024

Iris yellow spot orthotospovirus (IYSV) causes serious problems in the onion (Allium cepa) crop and is widely distributed in the producing areas of the country. In Mexico it was reported in 2010 as “yellow spot” on onion and other members of the genus Allium. Its main vector is Thrips tabaci, which causes direct damage by feeding and by being a vector of other viruses such as Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus and Impatiens necrotic spot orthotospovirus. Knowledge of the pathosystem of IYSV - Thrips tabaci - Allium cepa - weeds can contribute to an integrated management and awareness of pesticide use. The versatility of IYSV to infect more than 60 plant species (>20 families), most of which are present in Mexico, coupled with the wide host range of the vector, makes the interaction complex and leads to a better understanding of the diversity of alternate hosts of the vector and/or IYSV. At present, information on weed hosts of IYSV and the vector is limited, but their knowledge will provide a greater understanding of the disease. It is important to have a comprehensive knowledge of the virus, main host, alternate hosts, and vector in the country, in order to channel future research to counteract this problem and minimize losses caused by IYSV in the onion crop mainly.
Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) Disease Resistance Test by Aeromonas hydrophila on Triploid Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypopthalmus)
Authors: Hartami Prama , Ayuzar Eva , Salamah Salamah , Nurjannah Lilis , Carman Odang , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Rafi Muhammad , Fakhri Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila is a common pathogen that attacks freshwater fish commodities, including triploid as the new strain of striped catfish. This study aimed to test the resistance of triploid striped catfish to MAS infection before being released to farmers as a new commodity to increase national striped catfish production. The test was carried out for two months at the Sukamandi Fish Breeding Research Institute, Subang by injecting A. hydrophila into triploid and diploid striped catfish. The challenge test was carried out by injecting the cultured A. hydrophila with a density of 107 cfu.mL-1 as much as 0.1 mL.ind-1 at fish intramuscularly in all treatments, while in the Control (-) treatment, 0.1 mL of PBS solution was injected.tail-1. The test striped catfish used for each treatment were 10 individuals measuring 9.23 – 9.65 cm, and weighing 7.1 – 9.23 g. Survival parameter data and blood description were analyzed quantitatively using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS version 16.0 software with analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence interval. The results of re-characterization with biochemical tests showed that A. hydrophila were gram-negative, oxidase and catalase positive, motile, could fermentatively convert sugar, and could grow in blood media. The survival of triploid striped catfish after the test was 95%, total erythrocytes on day 7, and total leukocytes on the first day were significantly different from diploid striped catfish. Thus, it can be concluded that striped triploid striped catfish are more resistant to infection with A. hydrophila than diploid.
ELEVATED BLOOD LEAD LEVELS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE DUE TO LEADS EXPOSURE FROM CONTAMINATED WATER
Authors: Nursidika Perdina , Kurnia Dedeh , Sugihartina Ganthina
Published: March 2024

Background: Water quality can decrease due to population growth, domestic waste handling, climate, and human activities. Most of the people in Cimahi use well water for drinking and eating. However, using well water with high lead levels for consumption can adversely affect on the lead levels in the women’s blood of childbearing age. Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between lead levels in well water and the corresponding levels found in women’s blood in the Leuwigajah area of Cimahi. Method: Research samples were collected from both well water and the women’s blood of childbearing age (15 - 49 years) who consume well water for drinking and cooking. Subsequently, sample preparation was conducted, and the samples were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The Spearman correlation test was employed to analyze the data and establish any potential correlations. Result: The lead content in water ranged from 0.055 ppm to 0.089 ppm, exceeding the requirements for lead in clean water. Meanwhile, lead levels in the blood ranged from 1.5 ug/dL to 78.2 ug/dL, with 6.7% falling within the normal category, 40% in the tolerable category, 30% in the excess category, and 23.3% in the high category. The statistical results show a significant relationship between lead levels in well water and the blood, with a correlation value of 37.9%. The correlation value indicates a weak positive relationship. Conclusion: There is a relationship between lead levels in well water and women’s blood.
EFFECT OF QUADRICEPS ISOMETRIC EXERCISE ON REDUCING PAIN IN ELDERLY COMMUNITIES WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: Basuki Rochman , Dewi Novita Sari , Rizqulloh Dzaky Azmi , Pranata Satriya
Published: March 2024

Background: It is necessary to make innovations that make it easier for osteoarthritis sufferers to do exercises independently at home. Patients can apply proper self-management, such as doing pain-reducing quadriceps muscle exercises. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effect of quadriceps isometrics on pain intensity in the elderly community with knee osteoarthritis. Method: This study uses a quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test control group design. The sample was selected using a consecutive sampling technique, which consisted of 30 older people divided into 15 older people for each intervention and control group. The intervention group sample was given a treatment of quadriceps isometric for weeks with a frequency of twice a week, and then the control group was given education. The analysis used is a statistical test paired sample T-test and an independent T-test. Result: The paired sample statistics obtained the average pain result in the pre-intervention category with a scale of 6.2, while after the intervention, it was 5.2with a p-value < 0.05. In the paired sample statistics, the average pain result in the category before education was 7.28, while after education, it was 8.03 with a p-value < 0.05. In the independent T-test for the intervention and control groups, the results obtained were a p-value of 0.039 < 0.05. Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the average intervention and control groups of quadriceps isometric exercise in reducing pain intensity in elderly patients.
İklim Değişikliğinin Vektörel Hastalıklara Etkisi ve Kırım Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi Hastalığı
Authors: DÖKMEDEMİR Fatih , PİYAL Birgül
Published: March 2024

Dünya nüfusunun yarıdan fazlası vektör kaynaklı hastalık riski altındadır. Vektörle bulaşan hastalıklar yüksek ölüm oranı ve yüksek düzeyde engelliliğe neden olmaları nedeniyle halk sağlığını tehdit eden ve ayrıntılı irdelemeyi gerektiren sorunlardır. Küresel sıcaklığın 2100 yılına gelindiğinde ortalama 1 ila 3,5 C⸰ artacağı; ilişkili olarak vektör kaynaklı hastalıkların da daha geniş bir coğrafyada yayılacağı ve prevalansının artacağı öngörülmektedir. Ekolojik değişim Kırım Kongo Kanamalı Ateşinin (KKKA) örüntüsünü etkilemekte ve böylece bulaşma riskini değiştirebilmektedir. İnsandan insana bulaşma potansiyeli düşük olduğu için sadece küçük salgınlar oluşturabilir ancak yüksek ölüm oranları nedeniyle halk sağlığı yönünden üstünde durulması gereken bir hastalıktır. Önleme çalışmalarında ribavirinin yararı kanıtlanmıştır. Tedavide ribavirin etkililiği ise tartışmalıdır. Ayrıca sağlık hizmeti sunumu uygulamaları sürecinde hastalığın bulaş riski yüksektir ve yüksek viral yük nedeniyle büyük olasılıkla ölümle sonuçlanır. Dünya genelinde insan ve hayvan sağlığı ile ilgilenen kuruluşların bu hastalığa karşı koruma ve tedavi yöntemleri geliştirmesi bir halk sağlığı gereksinimidir.
COVID-19 Awareness, Overview of Vaccines and Method of Medical Education Among Medical Faculty Students
Authors: KARATAŞ Mehmet , HEPKARŞI Sevinç , ÖZTÜRK Çağlanur
Published: March 2024

Background: Medical faculty students symbolize a significant part of the health-care society and are remarkable members of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to response.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate various factors associated with COVID-19 awareness, vaccine, and medical education during the pandemic among medical faculty students via surveys.

Study design: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional survey study about masks, distance and hygiene awareness, COVID-19 vaccination, and methods of medical education with medical faculty students (MFS).

Methods: A total of 322 medical faculty students answered the questionnaire forms. The questionnaire collected socio-demographic characteristics, COVID-19 Awareness, general willingness, attitude toward vaccination, and attitude toward educational models.

Results: The total awareness score (79.53±27.45) was determined as a high level of awareness among the participants. 4th grade MFS were found to be more sensitive to mask, hygiene, and total score awareness than in the 2nd grade (p= 0.03, p=0.006). There were no statistically significant differences between educational grades in general willingness and attitude towards vaccination. It was determined that the medical students in the last 3 years wanted face-to-face education statistically more than the MFS in the first 3 years (p=0.00).

Conclusion: The vast majority of the participants had a high level of knowledge about COVID-19. The majority of the study population is willing to be vaccinated whereas some populations are hesitant about vaccination. This information may be used in future immunization strategies to increase the vaccination rates and which educational methods to choose among this group of future medical professionals.
İbn-i Sînâ’nın El-Kânûn Fi’t-Tıbb Eserinde Ossa Cranii (Kafa Kemikleri)
Authors: ÖZDEN Hilmi , ORTADEVECİ Abdullah , AKBAŞ Yadigar
Published: March 2024

Onuncu ve on birinci yüzyıllarda yaşamış Müslüman Türk ilim adamı olan İbn-i Sînâ dünya tıp tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Modern tıbbın temelleri de onun eserleri üzerine atılmıştır. İbn-i Sînâ’nın eserleri İslam dünyası ve Avrupa tıp tarihinde 11-17. yüzyıllar arasında çok etkili olmuştur. Avrupa’daki tıp alanındaki bilimsel gelişmeler ve tıp faaliyetleri İbn-i Sînâ'nın çalışmaları üzerinden hareket etmiştir. Yahut onun yoğun etkisi altında kalmıştır. En önemli eseri El-Kanun fi’t-Tıbb’da anatomiye ait birçok değerli bilgi bulunmaktadır.

Bu araştırmada İbn-i Sînâ'nın El-Kanun fi’t-Tıbb adlı eserinin anatomi bölümündeki kafa kemikleri incelenecektir. El-Kanun fi’t-Tıbb çevirisinde ise Osmanlı döneminde yapılan Tokadî Mustafa Efendi ile Cumhuriyet döneminde Esin Kahya’nın çalışmaları esas alınmıştır.
THE PREFERENCES OF CHOOSING TAXI-HAILING MODE ATTRIBUTES THROUGH THE BWS-CASE 1
Authors: MAKAREMI-SHARIFI Mohsen , RASSAFI Amir Abbas
Published: March 2024

With the widespread use of the Internet in everyday life, new businesses have emerged, causing significant changes in the market, while some traditional businesses were marginalized. One of the emerging businesses is taxi-hailing, which has gained popularity among the public. This study examines ten attributes of taxi-hailing and asks individuals about their preferences for these attributes through a questionnaire. Unlike the traditional approach of dealing with discrete choice models, which focuses on choosing the best (most important) alternative only, the role of the worst (least important) alternative is also considered in this type of modelling. The present study utilizes case 1 (out of the three available cases) of this scaling method, called “best-worst”, which focuses on attributes. Each questionnaire includes 12 questions about taxi-hailing attributes, where respondents have to state their preference in selecting the best and the worst ones. The results indicate that security and reassurance are the most crucial attributes when deciding this transportation mode, followed by accessibility. Compliance with health issues and social distancing ranked as the least significant attribute.
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROCUREMENT TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DELIVERY: ASSESSING THE MANAGERIAL CAPABILITIES OF PUBLIC-SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS IN AFRICA
Authors: OLOJEDE Betty Oluwafunso
Published: March 2024

The lingering imbalance between infrastructural services demand and supply poses serious threats to the fiscal budget balance from contingent liabilities of African countries. Despite the increasing private investment commitments and adoption of public-private partnership procurement (PPP) options to address the widening infrastructure gaps in Africa, the failure in the delivery of public infrastructure projects is yet a common phenomenon. This study therefore examined the managerial capabilities of public-sector organizations (PSOs), who steer the provisions of public infrastructure, to investigate their readiness to achieve the value for money from private funding and the benefits of PPP options. The study conducted a self-study structured questionnaire survey on professionals in PSOs in Africa, particularly Nigeria, who have been directly involved in the delivery of public infrastructure projects via PPP. The professionals were purposively sampled and the primary data obtained was subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis. The study revealed that the PSOs have internalized about 41 PPP-capabilities for the delivery of public infrastructure projects. Up to 40 PPP-capabilities were exhibited on an average score (41-60%) level, with mean score (MS) value range of 3.13 ≤ MS ≤ 3.70, for the public projects procured. The study established the existence of significant interdependence of p < 0.001, which indicated sufficient correlation between 31 PPP-capabilities and explained the 10 main components of managerial capabilities possessed by the PSOs. Some of the components clustered around public infrastructure planning and adaptability to PPP programme, project delivery parameters and control, suitable public infrastructure procurement knowledge, public policy awareness and innovation, and governance. The study provides information crucial for public infrastructure delivery success towards sustainable national economic recovery and development.
NEED FOR SMART MOBILITY AND CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRANSITIONING TOWARD IT IN CAR-DEPENDENT COUNTRIES: INSIGHTS FROM LITERATURE
Authors: ALMAGHLOUTH Talal , GAZDER Uneb , ABUDAYYEH Osama
Published: March 2024

Car dependence is a trend brought about by the desire for comfortable transportation, in many countries around the world. After the invention and acceptance of automobiles, cities were designed with layouts that favored automobiles at the expense of other forms of transportation. However, the situation has changed with research and execution of plans for smart cities, with smart mobility transition taking centre stage. The purpose of this research is to highlight the need for transition to smart mobility, provide detailed description of various aspects of smart mobility and analyse the challenges and opportunities associated with the transition to smart mobility in car-dependent countries. A thorough and critical review of the literature has been done to achieve the aim of this study. Previous research efforts indicated that car-dependent cities have experienced several challenges in their transition to smart mobility, including inadequate infrastructure, low acceptance of new technological solutions, inadequate knowledge and framework for big data, financial constraints, data quality management, integration of data from different sources, privacy issues, and development of appropriate of government policies. There are several promising recommendations, which implementation is expected to help car-dependent countries overcome the above challenges and open opportunities for a successful transition. These recommendations include implementation of aggressive government policies, practicing greater inclusivity, and planning for the future of smart mobility by investing in Internet of Things (IoT) applications and reliable infrastructure. To facilitate the decision makers, challenges have been mapped with recommendations for transition to smart mobility, in light of the review findings.
TRAFFIC CONTROL AT PEDESTRIAN PRIORITY CROSSINGS WITH GUARANTEED LANE THROUGHPUT CAPACITY AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE LEGAL REGULATIONS APPLICABLE IN POLAND
Authors: IWANOWICZ Damian
Published: March 2024

The article describes the problem of excessive traffic concentration at signalized pedestrian crossings. The main drawback of such crossings is the inappropriate duration of green signals for vehicles. Too long green times for vehicular traffic significantly increase time lost by pedestrians, while too short ones cause short-term congestion, resulting in long queues of vehicles and a deteriorated level of service. The negative effects of both of these situations also include dangerous behavior of road users, such as red light running or crossing. Recent (June 2021) changes in the road traffic law in Poland have privileged unprotected road users at pedestrian crossings. New models and technical and design standards proposed in this country (March 2021) recommend the installation of pedestrian priority crossings at particularly dangerous spots and in urban areas with a high proportion of pedestrian traffic. All this is done mainly for traffic-calming purposes. However, previously these measures were not a common practice in Poland. Therefore, the objective of this article was to develop a simple method of green signal timing, ensuring, firstly, priority to pedestrian traffic at such places, and, secondly, sustained capacity of vehicular traffic lanes. The developed models are practical, universal and easy to adapt in other countries. They ensure a very good or good quality of vehicle traffic service, with average lost time not exceeding 25 s in a vast majority of analyzed traffic level cases. The article also describes a traffic control algorithm dependent on traffic detection.