bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hg2+ Detection with Rational Design of DNA-Templated Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters
Authors: Yourston Liam , Dhoqina Polikron , Marshall Nolan , Mahmud Rujani , Kuether Ethen , Krasnoslobodtsev Alexey
Published: September 2021

Atomically precise silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) are small nanostructures consisting of only a few atoms of silver. The combination of AgNCs with cytosine-rich single-stranded oligonucleotides results in DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs). DNA-AgNCs are highly luminescent and can be engineered with reproducible and unique fluorescent properties. Furthermore, using nucleic acids as templates for the synthesis of AgNCs provides additional practical benefits by expanding optical activity beyond the visible spectral range and creating the possibility for color tunability. In this study, we explore DNA oligonucleotides designed to fold into hairpin-loop (HL) structures which modulate optical properties of AgNCs based on the size of the loop containing different number of cytosines (HL-CN). Depending on the size of the loop, AgNCs can be manufactured to have either single or multiple emissive states. Such hairpin-loop structures provide an additional stability for AgNCs and further control over the base composition of the loop, allowing for the rational design of AgNCs’ optical properties. We demonstrate the potential of AgNCs in detecting Hg2+ by utilizing the HL-C13 design and its variants HL-T2C11, HL-T4C9, and HL-T6C7. The replacement of cytosines with thymines in the loop was intended to serve as an additional sink for mercury ions extending the detectable range of Hg2+. While AgNC@HL-T0C13 exhibits an interpretable quenching curve, AgNC@HL-T6C7 provides the largest detectable range of Hg2+. The results presented herein suggest that it is possible to use a rational design of DNA-AgNCs based on the composition of loop sequence in HL structures for creating biosensors to detect heavy metals, particularly Hg2+.
Design Optimization of Deep Eutectic Solvent Composition and Separation Performance of Cyclohexane and Benzene Mixtures with Extractive Distillation
Authors: Bai Fang , Hua Chao , Bai Yongzhi , Ma Mengying
Published: September 2021

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have properties that make them suitable candidates to be used as entrainers for extractive distillation. In the previous work, it was proven that DES(1:2) (tetrabutylammonium bromide: levulinic acid, 1:2, molar ratio) can break the cyclohexane-benzene azeotrope. In the present work, the HBA and HBD ratio and molar concentration of DES were optimized to obtain a better constitute and condition of DES to be utilized in cyclohexane and benzene extractive distillation. The physical properties and structure of the prepared DESs were characterized. Vapor–liquid equilibrium data of the ternary system (benzene + cyclohexane + DESs) were also measured at atmospheric pressure. All experimental equilibrium data were correlated with Wilson, nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL), and universal quasichemical (UNIQUAC) activity coefficient models, from which the coefficient of determination (R2) of the three pseudo-ternary systems fitting was calculated. From the obtained results, the best HBA and HBD ratio in the DESs is elucidated as 1:2, the best molar concentration of DES is 0.1, and the NRTL model predicts the experimental data more accurately than the Wilson and UNIQUAC models. From the derived mechanism, the formation of stronger hydrogen bond and π–π bond interactions between DES and benzene is obtained when HBA and HBD ratio in DES is 1:2. In other conditions, the azeotrope cannot be broken, or the efficiency is low. The present work provides an environmentally friendly method to separate aromatic/aliphatic mixtures and act as a guide for further study of DESs in extractive distillation.
Influence of Maintenance Actions in the Drying Stage of a Paper Mill on CO2 Emissions
Authors: Calvo Luis Miguel , Domingo Rosario
Published: September 2021

Greenhouse gases from industrial activities have become a global problem. Emissions management is being developed to raise awareness of the importance of controlling pollution in general and atmospheric emissions in particular. In 2017, the deficit of the rights of issuance in the industrial sectors increased up to 8.3% (verified emissions in 2017 versus allocation in 2017). This trend will increase more at the end of Phase III due to a progressive reduction in allocation. Phase IV will be much more restrictive in allocating emission rights than Phase III. The extra cost of this deficit reinforces the need for industry in general to reduce CO2 and for the paper industry to reduce GHG emissions and generate credits. Old factories are typically identified as sources of pollution in addition to being inefficient compared to new factories. This article discusses the possibilities offered by maintenance actions, whose integration into a process can successfully reduce the environmental impact of industrial plants, particularly by reducing the CO2 equivalent emissions (CO2-eq units henceforth CO2) they produce. This case study analyzes the integration of maintenance rules that enable significant thermal energy savings and consequently CO2 emissions reduction associated with papermaking. Managing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), such as the amount of cold water added to the boiler circuit and the conditions of the air blown into the dryer section hood, can be used as indicators of CO2 emissions generated. The control of the water and temperature reduces these emissions. A defined measure—in this case, t CO2/t Paper—indicates an achievement of a 21% reduction in emissions over the past 8 years.
Is a stable positive rate of <0.1% an indication of a fresh outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection?
Authors: Boretti Alberto
Published: September 2021

This letter gives a short analysis of the rate of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests in New Zealand and the restrictions that were implemented in response to these rates changing. Concerned about the growth of the number of positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the New Zealand government introduced stricter lockdown measures on August 16, 2020, and on August 18, 2020, it postponed elections planned for September. Growth in the number of positive cases was an artifact of the number of tests growing at a higher rate than the number of positive cases. The positive rate on August 16 was 0.05% (13 positive cases from 26,014 tests). On August 2, the positive rate was higher at 0.18% (three positive cases from 1,692 tests), despite the government considering that the virus was eradicated at this time. A better approach to this pandemic would be the development of policies based on the positive rate, not solely on positive case numbers, and to include viral load using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests with an appropriate cycle threshold to properly identify infectious cases. It is also advised to protect vulnerable populations and avoid unnecessary limitations to the healthy population. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will last longer than several months, and the sooner life gets back to nearly normal, the better.
EXTRACCIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ACEITE ESENCIAL DE Lippia origanoides H.B.K. “ORÉGANO DE MONTE” CULTIVADO EN EL QUINDÍO Y EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICROBIANA
Authors: Henao Julieth , Muñoz Leidy , Padilla Leonardo , Ríos Eunice
Published: September 2021

Se extrajo el aceite esencial de Lippia origanoides H.B.K. utilizando dos técnicas, Hidrodestilación Asistida por Microondas (MWHD) y Destilación por Arrastre con Vapor (DAV), con tiempos de operación óptimos de 60 y 90 minutos respectivamente, obteniendo mejores porcentajes de rendimiento para la MWHD, con hojas en estado seco. El análisis del aceite esencial por Cromatografía de Gases Acoplado a Detector de Masas mostró que el compuesto mayoritario fue el Timol. La actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial se evaluó en bacterias Gram–positivas y Gram–negativas, hongos filamentosos y levaduras, utilizando diferentes concentraciones de aceite, en porcentaje V/V con etanol al 98%. La acción antimicrobiana fue mayor en los microorganismos Gram–positivos y en los hongos y levaduras.
SOCIO-CULTURAL BACKGROUND OF POLICULTURAL EDUCATION APPEARING
Authors: Sultanova Leila
Published: September 2021

In modern society a certain social processes occur. That is, the complicated socio-economic and political transformation of global scale is associated with the processes of globalization. Unity of mankind and the formation of human culture became a reason of appearing of the phenomenon of multicultural education.In modern scientific literature on this issue a different meanings (multiculturalism poly-culturalizm, inter-culturalizm, transculturalizm, etc.) are found. There is no unity in their interpretation.In our research the terms «policultural society», «the policy of multiculturalism» and «policultural education» will be used. We are distinguishing and defining them as it follows.Defining the essence of the concept of «policultural society» we based on the generally definition concept of «society». But attention in definition was focused on the diversity of cultures.In aspects of our research, we analyze the society that has geographic boundaries (border), a common legislative system and a certain socio-cultural unity. Unity is a reflection of the integrity of the existence of various cultural communities (including ethnic) in the nation.Multicultural society is characterized by such basic features as territory, social structure, autonomy and self-sufficiency, social and cultural unity – typical of the multicultural society.The concept of «multiculturalism» we use in it most common sense, that is – in the meaning of public policy.The concept «multiculturalism» appeared in Canada in 1960, in the process of searching the ways to solve the conflict between Quebec nationalism and English Canada. Multiculturalism was officially politically accepted in 1971. In the European political and academic vocabulary «multiculturalism» came in the middle of 80-s, but it was not an expression of official policy.The problem of intercultural interaction is now in the focus of not only politicians, philosophers, sociologists and culturologists, but also educational community. The trends of developing of modern society have created the necessity of direction of national policies on the development of the educational sector, which would be based on the principles of universalization. In this regard, in many countries of the world, the multicultural education has become the leading development strategy of multicultural society.
TECHNICS AND METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING OF SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE UNIVERSITIES OF GERMANY
Authors: Diachenko Liudmyla
Published: September 2021

The basic technics and methods of psychological and pedagogical training of teachers of secondary schools used at the universities in Germany are presented in the article. It is also emphasized that the competence approach is the conceptual basis of professional pedagogical education in Germany. We discovered that the main forms of training in the Federal Republic of Germany are: lecture, seminar, colloquium, professional pedagogical practice, individual work. We also detected that: written homework, oral and written tests, bachelor and master theses and portfolio is used for intermediate and final control of students learning. After the introduction of competency approach the role of traditional forms of teaching students at German universities is changing. Now lectures mainly serve to present the basic theory, and they are the methodological basis and guide for students further individual work. A decrease in the number of lectures is happening, preference is given to work in the workshops, which aimed to specify and explain the issues outlined in the lectures. We found that psychological and pedagogical training of future teachers is practice- oriented, aimed at the development of professional competencies and personal responsibility. Herewith this theoretical training is practically oriented and is organized using the reflection, cooperative, problem-based, situational and research training methods. During university studies much attention is paid to individual support and training of students as future teachers which is implemented in the form of mentoring and coaching.
PEDAGOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE PROCESS OF STUDY OF ENGLISH BY FUTURE TEACHERS
Authors: Styrkyna Yulia
Published: September 2021

The author considers opportunities of usage of illustrations in textbooks for foreign language teaching for higher educational establishment' students and comes to a conclusion that, in spite of an idea that there's no requirement for such illustrations, it is possible and it is necessary to use them.The selection of illustrations for teaching foreign language in high school is one of the most complex and least developed textbook design problems. Illustrating university textbooks in native methods of teaching is not actually investigated and needs attention as illustrators and researchers, teachers and practitioners, as no systematic work with illustrative material leads to a lack of ability and willingness of future teachers to continue working with images in high school. The prospect of further scientific research is to analyze the possibilities of illustrating books for those learning the language at «Advanced» level, and opportunities of illustrating books for professional English teachers and teachers of higher school.Modern methods of teaching foreign languages in higher education do not only approve the possibility of the use of illustrations, but also trying to prove their positive impact on learning. Acting on the senses, visibility means more complete representation of an image or concept that promotes more active understanding of the material.The author emphasizes on the thought that this statement is caused by the limited choice of teaching and methodical complexes and lack of appropriate financing, while skilled teachers compensate the absence of illustrations by their own individual pictures. In this article the chosen modern literature on this question which proves an opportunity and necessity of illustrations usage for optimization of the foreign language teaching in higher educational institutions is analyzed.
METHOD COMPONENT OF THE CULTURE-DEFENSE PEDAGOGICAL CONCEPT OF V. SCHEPOTIEV (1880–1937)
Authors: Grin Julia , Lobach Olena
Published: September 2021

Method  component  of  pedagogical  conception  of  culture  protection  by V. Schepotiev – the first rector of Poltava folk education Institute, professor of Ukrainian literature and philology, art critic, ethnographer, archivist and artist – is partially observed. The aim of pedagogical concept of the scholar is in national culture of young generation forming by the means of Ukrainian culture, because this generation is responsible before the offspring and is to be capable to culture protection activity providing.The classification of methods given includes two groups: 1) Pedagogical (traditional and innovative); 2) Scientific (theoretical and research). Authors analyze verbal (lection, storytelling, explanation, conversation and dispute); visual (art samples, the examples of patents, pedagogues, famous artists and social leaders); practical (work with the textbooks, fiction and scientific-popular sources studying, written and creative works doing – exercises, review, critique, original works; work with fiction text – biographical, problem – thematical, cultural-historical methods, image and meaning analyses); stimulating (convincing, interesting, requirement, contest). Innovative methods of the first quarter of the XX century are: play, dramatization, «literature court». Modern teachers of humanitarian disciplines are recommended to use the method of «literature court», elaborated by V. Schepotiev, in their professional activity.
METHODOLOGICAL RESOURCES FOR UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE STUDY IN TODAY'S CANADA
Authors: Mashkova Inna
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes modern state and development of methodological resources for Ukrainian language study in Canada nowdays. Cultural development of Ukrainian Canadians, their efforts in preserving their national identity became an example of success for other ethnic groups in North America primarily through education and the printed media, where broad and diversified activities of the Ukrainian community in Canada are reflected.The analysis of psychological and pedagogical, methodological, culture studies and other works of prominent Ukrainian educators in North-American periodicals of Ukrainian Diaspora proves a considerable role and significance of professional periodicals in forming professional competency of teachers.Efforts and attempts of Ukrainian-Canadian educationalists resulted in high quality Ukrainian-language learning programs (for example English-Ukrainian Bilingual Program – EUBP) and methodology that are due to the cooperation of talented scientific and practical educational staff applying new innovative technologies. Since national self-identification is realized through the native language (mother tongue) its learning and practical using by the Ukrainian community in Canada for more than 100 years was the very challenge but due to the Ukrainian Diaspora activities and federal government support it is in Canada where Ukrainian- language studies are realized in the most effective way. In a special educational environment in many Canadian provinces children have the chance “to thrive” in the public school system while extending their language capabilities and cultural awareness.  As  a  result,  the  heritage  language  program  promotes  self-esteem  of children and their parents, enhances personal and cultural identity, provides for better communication   and problem-solving skills, expends cultural, economic and professional opportunities preparing them for living and working in cross-cultural environments.The author considers schooling to be an important factor of Ukrainian diaspora self-identification and activities in Canada that promotes forming and maintaining national identity of new generations of Ukrainians abroad as an integral part of active Ukrainians worldwide and emphasizes the prospectives of the positive experience of multicultural education in Canada and their implementation into policultural nations' education systems.
THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINATION OF DESTRUCTIONS OF EMOTIONAL STATES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
Authors: Peretiatko L. , Teslenko M.
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes theoretical and empirical approaches to the study of factors of destruction of emotional states in primary school age. The specifics of psycho-emotional disorders in childhood and the factors of its destruction are revealed. It is found that the frequent manifestation of disorders of the psycho-emotional sphere of children is the emergence of fears, and the fears of children are associated with frequent manifestations of anxiety, which are summarized in the anxiety as a personal trait.

It is established that the factors of destruction of emotional states in childhood include a wide range of factors, including biological preconditions for the formation of disorders, characterological peculiarities of children (emotionality, vulnerability, impressiveness, insecurity, expression of self), negative influences of socio-political conditions of society, propaganda of violence by mass media. However, the main factor in the formation of any psycho-emotional disorders of children are the shortcomings of family interaction, the uncomfortable nature of relationships with parents, their use of inconsistent and authoritarian types of upbringing.

The results of the research of the destruction of emotional states of primary schoolchildren with different types of parental attitudes are analyzed. It is determined that the emotional states of primary schoolchildren largely depend on the type of parental attitude. Excessive concentration on the child provokes the destruction of emotional states of primary school children, provoking anxiety and fears. Instead, the predominance of parental attitudes of the optimal type of emotional contact is expressed in the harmonious emotional states of children.
Heart Rate Variability in Hospitalized Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Diagnosis of COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis in Comparison to Healthy Controls and in Relation to Proinflammatory Cytokines
Authors: TOPAL Dursun , UĞUZ Berat , ZENGİN İsmet , COŞAR Selvi , TİRYAKİOĞLU Selma
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) in hospitalized patients with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in comparison to healthy controls and in relation to proinflammatory cytokines.

Materials and Methods: A total of 115 subjects consisting of 3 subgroups (53 patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, 42 patients with suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 and 20 healthy controls) were included in this study. Data on patient demographics, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], D-Dimer, ferritin, procalcitonin) and the 24-h Holter monitoring parameters were recorded.

Results: None of the Holter monitoring parameters differed significantly between patients with suspected COVID-19 and those with confirmed COVID-19. In both suspected COVID-19 and confirmed COVID-19 groups, standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN, p
‘Good to know’: An Exploration of the role and Influence of Professional Ethics in ICT Bodies of Knowledge (BoKs)
Authors: Thornley Clare , Saabeel Wanda , McLoughlin Shane , Murnane Sinéad
Published: September 2021

As our dependency on ever-more complex, opaque, and ubiquitous information and communication technologies (ICTs) increases, ethical concerns about the development of those technologies are also rising. One approach to mitigate these concerns is to improve the maturity of the ICT profession through codification of its knowledge base and professional ethics. In this paper, some key theoretical approaches to ethics with a long-established tradition within Philosophy are explored and how these approaches may manifest in the codification of knowledge within ICT Bodies of Knowledge (BoKs) is discussed. BoKs provide a common vocabulary and knowledge inventory to aid communication and encourage shared values and practices, particularly in emerging professional areas such as the ICT profession. Thus, identifying and understanding how ethics are codified in ICT BoKs is important for maturing ICT professional practice in general, and more specifically, for the resolution of ethical concerns. This paper 1) explores considerations and approaches to how ethics are incorporated within ICT BoKs, and 2) conducts content analysis on how ethics are codified within the content structure of ICT Boks.  It is found that theoretical ethical approaches are rarely explicated cited in BoKS though, in the more mature BoKs, the discussion of ethics does include consideration of most of the major philosophical approaches. The implications of how knowledge about ethics is described and integrated into the wider knowledge infrastructure of the ICT profession including curriculum guidelines and accreditation processes is discussed. In a wider contribution to the Knowledge Management discipline, potential lessons to increase maturity for other emerging professions through the development of BoKs are also outlined.
In vitro biological activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Myrtus extract
Authors: Mohamadi Neda , Doostmohammadi Mohsen , Sharifi Iraj , Bamorovat Mehdi , Khosravi Ahmad , Oliaee Razieh Tavakoli , Afshar Abbas Aghaei , Sharifi Maryam , Sharifi Fatemeh
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from M. communis laves, and determine their potential activity against human cancer cells as well as leishmanial and bacterial cells. The UV-visible spectroscopy showed an absorption peak at 430 nm wavelengths which is one of the characteristic features of AgNPs. The FESEM image showed irregular shape with a size range of 20-70 nm. MTT results in A172 and MCF-7 cell lines exposed to 5-240 g/mL for 48 hours revealed that M. communis-AgNPs were cytotoxic, with IC50 values of 93.2 g/mL for A172 cell lines and 89.1 g/mL for MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. DCFH-DA analysis showed that 24 h exposure to 25- 200 μg/mL concentrations of AgNPs significantly increased ROS production in cells that indicate oxidative stress induction by AgNPs. M. communis-AgNPs showed overexpression of BCL-2 and Bax genes compared with Glucantime®and negative control (p<0.001) as a potent leishmanicidal and bactericidal activity. The primary modes of action seem to be involved by promotion of the ROS production and up-regulation of BCL-2 and Bax against cancer cell lines. As a result, M. communis-AgNPs formulation should be regarded as a promising agent for potential anti-cancer, anti-leishmanial, and anti-bacterial drugs in therapeutic control programs
From Majorana Neutrino and Dark Neutrino 0 to Dark Spin Particles
Authors: Ren ShaoXu
Published: September 2021

In current theory of particle physics, the values of Casimir Operator, that is abbreviated to CO, of spin angular momentum for elementary particles are thought to be greater than zero.
AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DA RESISTÊNCIA DO CARRAPATO Rhipicephalus microplus A DIFERENTES CARRAPATICIDAS
Authors: Torres-Santos Paula Talita , Farias Ila Ferreira , Passos Gleisiane dos Santos , Almeida Mainara Dias , Horta Mauricio Claudio
Published: September 2021

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a eficácia de nove carrapaticidas comerciais (CC) de diferentes marcas, formulados com diferentes princípios ativos sendo amitraz (CC4, CC8, CC9), cipermetrina (CC1, CC2, CC5, CC6), deltametrina (CC3) e associações com cipermetrina, clorpirifós e citronela (CC7); frente ao carrapato bovino Rhipicephalus microplus. Fêmeas ingurgitadas foram coletadas de bovinos naturalmente infestados no município de Campo Formoso, BA, para criação e manutenção de uma colônia em laboratório. Carrapatos adultos da colônia foram utilizados para realização do teste de imersão de adultos, no qual foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: inibição da oviposição (%IO), índice de eficiência reprodutiva (%IRE), eficiência reprodutiva (%ER) e eficácia (%EF). Os princípios ativos testados apresentaram variações na intensidade para os parâmetros analisados. Cipermetrina (CC1, CC2), deltametrina (CC3) e amitraz (CC4) apresentaram o maior percentual de eficácia, com uma variação entre 97,6% e 99,9%. Em contrapartida o amitraz (CC9) foi o que demonstrou o menor efeito (43,5%) contra os carrapatos testados. Verificou-se a presença de uma população de carrapatos multirresistente a diferentes princípios ativos na região estudada, bem como a diferentes marcas comerciais testadas, com níveis variados de susceptibilidade às bases químicas dos carrapaticidas testados, podendo estar relacionada à qualidade do produto comercial utilizado.
Democratic parenting in developing Emotional Intelligence and Youth Religiosity in Kramatagung Probolinggo
Authors: Khosiah Nur , Dheasari Agustiarini Eka , Abidin Zainal
Published: September 2021

Education for children starts from family because it will determine the character of children in adolescence. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of democratic parenting in building emotional intelligence and religiosity in adolescents. Because without parental guidance the child will experience deviations in the daily behavior. The research subject was in Kramatagung Village, Bantaran District, Probolinggo. In this case, the researcher used descriptive qualitative methods. Observation, interviews, and documentation were used in the data collection techniques and to analyze the data the researcher used data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions techniques. This research showed that the emotional intelligence and religiosity of adolescents in Kramatagung village are categorized as poor, but parents in implementing parenting styles for children in Kramatagung village are quite democratic. Furthermore, based on research it is known that the emotional intelligence and reliability of adolescents in the Kramatagung village are quite an apprehension. The adolescents who are emotionally intelligent and have good religious intelligence are educated by applying democratic parenting. It is the duty of parents to educate, guide, nurture, and always remind also advise the children not to be trapped by world life which increasingly shows freedom in an association. Guidance and education especially in the family are top priorities in addition to other education outside the home
Analysis of Islamic Economic on Production Management of Home Industry Farmers Group Ambudi Makmur 2 Kramat Bangkalan
Authors: Arisandi Bustomi , Mashudi Mashudi , Muttaqin Imamul
Published: September 2021

The background of this study is because of the number of Salak fruits in wrong treatment so that the group of farmers work together to make the fruits into several processed products.   Home industy of farmers group Ambudi Makmur 2 Kramat Bangkalan is one of home industries in Bangkalan district; this company is engaged in the production and processing of salak. The company has 13 products from the processed salak good management is needed to make the production activities run optimally. Besides, it is also supported by the alignment of production factors so that the production activities are in accordance with the targets of expectation. Because it affects the income and progress of the company, this type of the study is included in field research. To obtain the data in this study, the present study used interview, observation and documentation. Meanwhile, in analyzing the data, this study used qualitative approach such as describing the object according to the actual fenomena. Based on the results of the research that the home industry or Unit Dagang (UD), Budy Jaya has carried out production management properly and does not against the Islamic economic principles, where in production activities uses clean and halal raw materials and equipments. This is done to provide the best hospitality for the benefit of the people. Keywords: Management, production, processed salak, Islamic Economy.
The role of calcium metabolism disorders in the formation of different density calculi with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis
Authors: Budanov A. A. , Medvedev V. L. , Kurzanov A. N. , Basov A. A. , Gazimiev E. S.
Published: September 2021

Objective To investigate the relationship between calcium metabolism disorders, stone formation inhibitor levels and stone density in primary and recurrent calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis.

Material and Methods Sixty nine patients with urolithiasis were examined, their average age was 41,4 ± 9,5 years. Two main groups were distinguished: Group 1 – primary calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis (PN), Group 2 – recurrent calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis (RN). Then each group was divided into two subgroups – A and B according to stone density: 500–1000 HU and from 1000–1500 HU, respectively. Stone density was determined by computed tomography (CT). PTH (parathormone), PTHrP (parathyroid hormone related protein), vitamin D, total blood calcium (Ca), ionized blood Ca, total blood protein, Ca and urine pH were also examined. After the examination, patients underwent surgical removal of the stones.

Results It was found that 41.9% of group 1 and 46.9% of group 2 patients had grade I obesity. Average creatinine level in group 2 was 9.7% higher than in group 1 (p < 0.05). Urea level in both groups was not statistically significantly different. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was comparable. Groups 2A and 2B had higher PTHrP values (77.61 and 76.98 pg/mL, respectively) combined with relatively high PTH levels (2A – 4.4 pg/mL and 2B – 5.1 pg/mL), relatively low osteopontin concentration (2A – 0.044 pg/ mL, 2B – 1.106 pg/mL), compared to those in group 1 (p < 0.05). Pairwise unidirectional differences between groups 1A and 2A, 1B and 2B were found to correlate positively with density values: for osteopontin: r = 0.992 (p < 0.05); for vitamin D: r = 0.831 (p < 0.05); for blood Ca2+ ions: r = 0.836 (p < 0.05); for urine pH: r = 0.863 (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation with the daily concentration of urinary calcium ions with the density of concrements: r = -0.663; p < 0.05. The concentration of osteopontin was significantly higher in Group 1B and 2B patients, and it was significantly lower in patients with stones of < 1000 HU density. Higher values of osteopontin concentration were noted in groups 1B and 2B in relation to groups 1A (p < 0.05) and 2A (p < 0.05). The increase of blood Ca2+ ions in patients in groups 1B and 2B in relation to groups 1A (p < 0.05) and 2A (p < 0.05) was also accompanied by higher values of vitamin D.

Conclusion Patients with denser stones showed high values of osteopontin and PTHrP in serum and low values of urinary calcium ions, which may lead to the formation of concrements on the matrix with an organic base. Determination of calcium metabolism makes it possible to predict recurrence of KSD in primary calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and assess the severity of mineral metabolism disorders in recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.
Liquid biopsy: the current state of the issue
Authors: Pasechnikova E. A. , Bodnya V. N. , Sharov S. V. , Kadomtsev D. V. , Georgieva A. Y. , Stukan A. I.
Published: September 2021

Background Liquid biopsy is a promising method of diagnosing malignant tumors. It allows determining the level of free circulating tumor cells – micrometastases, tumor DNA, microRNA and exosomes in blood plasma, as well as detecting various genetic changes. This work included a literature review of current scientific publications on liquid biopsy techniques indexed in PubMed.

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and peculiarities of this technique in comparison with standard methods of morphological verification of oncological diseases, as well as the feasibility of its use in clinical practice. Compared to tissue biopsy LB has the following advantages: simplicity and speed of examination, easy repeatability and low invasiveness, possibility of dynamic monitoring of tumor progression – general clonal transformation as well as the appearance of resistance to treatment. The disadvantages of this method include low sensitivity, difficulty in proper interpretation of biomarkers and determination of their specificity, high risk of false positive and false negative results due to the presence of dormant tumor cells.

Conclusion Currently, liquid biopsy analysis in clinical practice requires standardization and continuous validation.
Importance of interaction between areas of knowledge and institutions in the development of a health innovation: a study of thematic area networks and institutional co-authorship networks in development of computed tomography (CT)
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ-USECHE Gustavo
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE: To identify thematic area networks and institutional co-authorship networks in the initial development of the CT, to recognize their characteristics in order to demonstrate the importance of interaction in a health innovation. METHODS: The method proposed by the researchers at the University of Manchester and thematic area studies was used. The databases used were ISI-Web of Science (ISI-WoS) and SCOPUS. The pioneer article was located and the literature limited to subsequent years was systematically reviewed. Excel Node XL, Pajek wiki and Ucinet software were used for data processing. RESULTS: Thematic areas and institutional co-authorship networks were obtained in the early years of CT development. Multiple types of interactions are evident. CONCLUSION: The success of the process of invention, innovation and diffusion in the development of CT required the interaction of many disciplines (medicine, physics and engineering) and institutions (University hospitals, Universities, companies, Research centers and scientific communication media). The study of the thematic areas and SNA (Social Networks Analysis) allow to know the processes of invention and innovation and identify new fields of research.
Removal of Oil Pollution in water using hydrophobic silica
Authors: Salazar-Hernández Carmen , Salazar-Hernández Mercedes , Hernández-Arias Lizeth Jocelyn , Mendoza-Miranda Juan Manuel
Published: September 2021

Nowadays the contamination in waters by oily substances turns out to be a problem of world-wide scope and although some methods of removal of oils in water exist; these present some limitations; therefore, this project proposes the use of hydrophobic silicas as absorbent materials for oily substances. Modified silicas (R-SiO2) were synthesized using the Stöber method, modifying the surface by co-condensation. Tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS) and two surface modifiers were used as silica former: Methyl-trimethoxysilane (MeTEOS) and n-octyl-triethoxysilane (nOctyl-TEOS). The R-SiO2 were characterized by infrared spectroscopy identifying the modifying groups and their hydrophobicity was qualitatively evaluated according to the change in solubility in water. Finally, the removability of an automotive motor oil was evaluated by determining the amount of oil removed per gram of modified silica.
Methodology for the design of a multilayer polymeric membrane system with potential use in hemofiltration
Authors: Nuñez-Hernández Lourdes Nohemi , Kantun-Uicab María Cristina , Pérez-Castañeda Laura Maryela , Téllez-Martínez Jorge Sergio
Published: September 2021

Chronic kidney disease is generally complicated by poor care or by ignoring it. Among the causes that influence these conditions are obesity, diabetes, smoking, or genetic inheritance. Coordinated efforts are currently being made in multiple countries to control a strong case rate. The clinical techniques of treatment rely on the efficiency of blood purification (function that´s done by kidneys in organisms). Therefore, there is great interest in the development of devices that accomplish this function. Hemofiltration through porous membranes is an efficient process, but the flow conditions in a microchannel system can be complex. Analysis of blood flow in a parameterized conduit arrangement shows streams with desired trajectories, others are held back (stagnant), and others return to the stream from which it´s separated. In addition, the friction conditions and the reduction of the area drastically reduce the movement of the fluid, promoting clogging and consequently the inhibition of filtering. Based on these simulation results, it was proposed that the membrane coupling system could be modified to eliminate extensive flow in conduits generating a new concept of separation through a threshold.
Statistical Analysis of X-ray Images and Laboratory Studies of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: SÁNCHEZ-TORRECITAS Enrique , YAÑEZ-VARGAS Juan Israel , QUINTANILLA-DOMÍNGUEZ Joel , AGUILERA-GONZÁLEZ José Gabriel
Published: September 2021

The large increase in COVID-19 cases that continue occurring in Mexico has generated the need to learn more about the damage caused by this virus, for which it has been proposed to carry out a statistical study of the 164 ray images database X and 29 laboratory studies provided by the Salamanca State Center for Critical Care (CECCS) of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and not COVID-19, the purpose is to analyze if there is any correlation between X-rays and laboratory studies. First, the entire database was organized by patient, both for X-ray and laboratory studies. Afterwards, the statistical process of the laboratory studies was carried out. Subsequently, we worked on the selection of patients with a greater number of X-rays, segment of these the area of the lungs, since it was our area of interest. In these radiographs, the statistical process of entropy and box-and-whisker plot is performed. Finally, the results of some laboratory studies are correlated with the entropy and box-and-whisker plot results.
Does Playing with Barbie in Childhood Affect Later Body Image?
Authors: Blodgett Salafia Elizabeth H. , Jones Maegan E. , Mergen Judith , Johnson Emma L. , Leonard Kerrie C.
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Although Barbies are heavily criticized for their unattainable bodies, research has not thoroughly examined the long-lasting effects of playing with Barbies in childhood on women’s later body image. In the present study, we examined whether the frequency of play with Barbies, number of Barbies owned, enjoyment when playing with Barbies, and age at first play with Barbies were associated with women’s body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and dieting behaviors.

Methods: Female young adults (n=68) who had played with Barbies as children responded to surveys.

Results: We found that only age at first play with Barbies in childhood was associated with greater drive for thinness in adulthood; no other Barbie variable was associated with body image.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that girls who begin playing with Barbies at a young age may be susceptible to developing a greater internalization of the thin ideal. It is important that girls and parents be aware that Barbies do not represent an ideal body to match.

Keywords: Barbie; dolls; disordered eating; drive for thinness
Beyond Mother Language: Kurdish as a Regional and Indigenous Language
Authors: UNAL Aynur
Published: September 2021

The association between language and territory is particularly significant in terms of indigenousness. Therefore, the argument of this paper is to examine this aspect of the Kurdish language through the interpretation of the Kurdish political movement in Turkey based on self-identification, an essential component of indigeneity. Since the 1990s, the Kurdish political movement has been demanding mother-tongue rights with the growing grassroots support. This study examines pro-Kurdish political party programs, statements/press releases, and interviews with deputies of the HDP, current parliamentary party. The article explores acquiring Kurdish as a native language by Kurds and non-Kurds in the region, mainly through mothers, homes, and the community environment. The process of acquiring the Kurdish language varies according to how individuals interact with the local Kurdish community, such as marrying into Kurdish families, systematic settlement, and growing up in the region. Whilst Kurdish is regarded as the mother language of the Kurds by Kurds and non-Kurds members of the Kurdish political movement in Turkey, this article draws further attention to the regional and local aspects of Kurdish, including its natural learning process of non-Kurds within the region.
New anatomical data and taxonomical notes on Metafruticicolinae (Pulmonata, Hygromiidae)
Authors: Schileyko Anatoly , Fehér Zoltán
Published: September 2021

Based on the study of the reproductive tract of Metafruticicola occidentalis Subai, 1999, it is shown that the species belongs to a new subgenus ( Elbasania subgen. nov.). For comparison, the anatomy of seven species of the genus Metafruticicola (including type species) has been studied. It is shown that the species of this genus are clearly distinguished from one another by the structure of the copulative apparatus (mainly of penial papilla). Comparison of the genus Metafruticicola with the representatives of other genera of Hygromiidae that have no accessory organs on the vagina is conducted. We suggest that the genus Cyrnotheba Germain, 1929 may belong to the subfamily Metafruticicolinae while the genus Caucasocressa does not belong to this subfamily and might be included in the subfamily Monachainae. Problems of taxonomic structure of the genus Metafruticicola are briefly discussed.
On the sexual dimorphism in Parafossarulus manchouricus (Gerstfeldt in Bourguignat, 1860) (Bithyniidae, Gastropoda, Mollusca)
Authors: Andreeva S. I. , Andreev N. I. , Lazutkina E. A. , Kryazheva E. S.
Published: September 2021

On the basis of dissections and shell measurements we studied sexual dimorphism in shell shape in Parafossarulus manchouricus taken from the bay of the Bira River (Russian Far East). It is shown that there are no statistically significant differences in shells of males and females in P. manchouricus .
A Fuzzy Inference System for Maize Plant Yield Prediction
Authors:   Federal University Wukari, Nigeria., Olajide Olajide Blessing , Ayodeji Odeniyi Olufemi ,   Osun State College of Technology, Esa Oke, Nigeria., Coker Olabiyi Olatunji ,   Federal University Wukari, Nigeria., Adekunle Adewale Joseph ,   Osun State College of Technology, Esa Oke, Nigeria., Yakubu Yakubani ,   Federal University Wukari, Nigeria.
Published: September 2021

Ascertaining infections in maize plants is through observation of the crop plant for visual indications which a farmer is able to relate to specific diseases. The perception of the farmer is prone to human error which may sometimes link some symptoms to the wrong disease and could impact the application of suitable preventive and curable routines to combat the identified diseases. Hence, accurate identification of crop plant disease is of high importance to a farmer to aid response to diseases. The objective of this article is to apply fuzzy set and interpolation technique to develop an expert system to carry out field-based identification and yield forecast for the maize plant. For this study, some associated factors were recognized for maize plant diseases and confirmed by a professional Botanists. For this study, a number of associated factors were identified for maize plant diseases and validated by experienced Botanists. Further to this, triangular membership functions was used to develop the fuzzy inference system model following the preprocessing of identified factors and related output. 32 inferred rules were formulated using IF-THEN statements which adopted the values of the factors as antecedent and the yield of maize plant as the consequent part of each rule for classification of the yield of maize plant. The Fuzzy model was simulated for each of the identified five factors. The simulation results showed that the risk factors identified; black moldy growth on kernels and ears, blights on leaves, rotten cobs, infected husks and black kernels and seed decay have noticeable influence on the maize plant yield if timely remedy is not administered. The study established that the utilisation of fuzzy technique is helpful to appraise the yield of maize such that the lesser the manifestation of identified associated features then the higher the yield of the maize plant.
Basic Study on Expressway Congestion Mitigation using Cellular Automata
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Engineering, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan., Miyamoto Kodai , Kamasaka Taketo ,   Department of Computer Science, Engineering, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan., Sakamoto Makoto ,   Department of Computer Science, Engineering, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan., Yoshinaga Tsunehiro ,   Department of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, Tokuyama College of Technology, Yamaguchi, Japan.
Published: September 2021

Traffic congestion has become a serious social problem in Japan. In particular, traffic congestion causes enormous time and economic losses on expressways, which are intended to facilitate smooth traffic flow. It also causes environmental problems and a decrease in logistics efficiency, so efforts to eliminate or reduce traffic congestion are essential. The elimination and mitigation of traffic congestion on highways is a factor in reducing traffic accidents and fatalities. In recent years, with the improvement of computing capabilities, research on traffic congestion reduction and mitigation has been conducted using traffic simulation. Traffic simulation allows us to reproduce and evaluate traffic phenomena that occur on roads on a computer. The Kakuto Tunnel is located on the border between Ebino City in Miyazaki Prefecture and Hitoyoshi City in Kumamoto Prefecture. The Kakuto Tunnel has insufficient traffic capacity and is frequently congested on holidays. In this study, we created a traffic simulator assuming the Kakuto Tunnel. In the simulation, we examined the effectiveness of increasing the number of lanes as a method of reducing traffic congestion.