bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de catalizadores y estudio cinético de la obtención de acetato de etilo a partir del etanol en fase de vapor
Authors: Gómez Peña Alvaro , Carballo Suárez Luis M.
Published: December 2021

En este trabajo, se presentan los resultados de la evaluación, caracterización y estudio cinético de los catalizadores utilizados para la producción de acetato de etilo en un solo paso a partir de etanol.
Se seleccionaron los catalizadores de Paladio metálico soportado en carbón activado en dos composiciones nominales (0.5% y 1.5%), y mezclas binarias de óxidos de Antimonio - Molibdeno y Bismuto Molibdeno, en las proporciones atómicas de Sb: Mo = 2:1 y Bi: Mo = 1:9, La mayor actividad se presentó en los catalizadores de Paladio, mientras que los óxidos resultaron ser más selectivos hacia acetaldehído y ácido acético. La esterificación del etanol sobre Paladio en carbón activado puede representarse mediante un modelo Eley-Rideal, en el cual el oxígeno quimisorbido reacciona con el etanol en fase gaseosa siendo este el paso determinante.
La carrera de ingeniería de sistemas
Authors: Jaime Sisa Alberto
Published: December 2021

La Carrera de Ingeniería de Sistemas es relativamente nueva en la Universidad Nacional sobre todo si se tiene en cuenta que la Facultad de Ingeniería está conmemorando sus 130 años de labores, mientras que el Programa de Ingeniería de Sistemas tiene su origen el cuatro de agosto de 1978 mediante resolución del Consejo Euperior. Pero no por ello el compromiso con el país es menor, por el contrario debido a la importancia que tiene la Informática, a través de este Programa Académico se debe preparar un recurso humano altamente calificado. Los planteamientos que se esbozan a continuación corresponden a los presentados por la Dirección Académica de la Carrera en la propuesta de Reforma Curricular actualmente en curso.
Perspectivas de utilización de los métodos de modulación digital con fase continua en los sistemas de telecomunicaciones modernos
Authors: Castellanos Germán
Published: December 2021

Se describen los principales tipos de modulación digital con envolvente constante, que se están desarrollando en sistemas de telecomunicaciones, entre ellos la modulación de fase cuaternaria (QPSK y OQPSK). La modulación de fase continua que presentan mejores propiedades con respecto a otros tipos digitales. Por ejemplo, mayor fidelidad en radiocanales no lineales (característicos en la telecomunicación móvil celular y vía satélite), menores niveles de energía fuera de banda, etc.
En especial se describen las señales MSK y su variedad con filtración preliminar gaussiana GMSK que se emplean ampliamente en los sistemas de comunicación móvil celular digitales, por poseer menores mayores niveles de energía dentro de la banda de trabajo, fidelidad potencial máxima, mejor compatibilidad electromagnética con otros radiosistemas, etc. Se analizan las principales tendencias de desarrollo de los tipos de modulación digital MSK.
Propuesta numérica para el cálculo de columnas complejas en la destilación de multicomponentes
Authors: Rangel Jara Hermes A. , Linares Rodríguez Jorge E.
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se propone y desarrolla un método numérico compacto y numéricamente estable para la solución de la distribución de los productos en una destilación de multicomponentes en columnas complejas. El método riguroso desarrollado utiliza el algoritmo de Thomas en la resolución de la matriz tridiagonal - NT - resultante de la linealización de las ecuaciones del balance de materia y un método mejorado de memoria - IMM - para el cálculo del perfil mejorado de temperatura en la columna y que se utiliza como contraste para la convergencia del proceso iterativo. Éste se inicializa con un perfil de flujo de vapor y un perfil lineal de temperatura. En la fase inicial se emplea un método mejorado de memoria para la caracterización de las corrientes de alimentación a la columna. Al final se presentan algunas comparaciones que muestran la bondad de las técnicas numéricas propuestas en la formulación del problema. Adicionalmente se determinó un parámetro de relajación que optimiza el proceso iterativo.
La prospectiva de las nuevas tecnologías de la información (NTI) en Colombia
Authors: Cortés Amador Carlos
Published: December 2021

La prospectiva puede describirse como una forma de estudio del futuro, utilizando distintos procedimientos y herramientas. Por otra parte las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información (NTI) se pueden definir según “Dictionary of New Information Technology”, en la siguiente forma. Es la adquisición, tratamiento, almacenamiento y diseminación de información a través de computadores y telecomunicaciones. Se trata entonces de unas “nuevas tecnologías de punta” que trabajan fundamentalmente sobre la “nueva materia prima de tipo estratégico” denominada INFORMACION. Estas nuevas tecnologías ilustran ampliamente uno de los resultados más espectaculares de la actual revolución científica y técnica; éste es el resultado de la convergencia de varias tecnologías fundamentadas en la digitalización, con base en el complejo electrónico contemporáneo.
El mercado de la telefonía celular
Authors: Flórez Calderón Mauro , Ramos Zoila
Published: December 2021

Las fuerzas del mercado, son indiscutiblemente, unos de los factores dinamizadores por excelencia de la ingeniería en su conjunto, conscientes de lo anterior, presentamos en este artículo el resultado de una larga investigación, dificultada por las pocas y muy celosamente custodiadas fuentes de información, debido a los enormes intereses vinculados con la prestación del servicio móvil celular en Colombia.
Hemos condensado al máximo la presentación de los resultados, para que sirvan como marco de referencia justificador de la necesidad social de insertar estos últimos desarrollos tecnológicos, en los planes de estudio de la ingeniería, debido al enorme interés, y las grandes posibilidades que tienen para Colombia.
Refuerzo de elementos estructurales mediante bandas de acero adheridas con resinas epóxicas
Authors: Cifuentes Cifuentes Gustavo
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo muestra los resultados experimentales y las conclusiones de una investigación llevada a cabo en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, acerca del comportamiento de vigas de concreto reforzado, con refuerzo adicional consistente en láminas de acero adheridas, mediante resinas epóxicas. Los resultados experimentales, demuestran el buen comportamiento que tiene este tipo de refuerzo siempre y cuando se disponga de un sistema adicional de anclaje de las láminas de acero. Aunque no se disponga de anclaje adicional se comprobó un aumento de rigidez en las vigas estudiadas.
Tratabilidad de aguas residuales de matadero con filtros
Authors: Ortiz A. Jesús Mario
Published: December 2021

Para estudiar la tratabilidad anaeróbica de las aguas residuales provenientes de un matadero de ganado vacuno, se emplearon un sistema de dos filtros en serie y un tercer filtro único como testigo. Con valores promedio de carga orgánica volumétrica y tiempo de retención de 1.6 kg/(m3*d) y 26 horas respectivamente, las eficiencias de remoción de DQO total fueron similares en el filtro único y en el sistema en serie, del orden del 64% en promedio. Así mismo, la retención y acumulación de sólidos biológicos en el lecho, se mostró como la vía principal de remoción de la DQO. La diferenciación del proceso lograda con los dos filtros en serie permitió establecer que la mayor parte de la acumulación ocurrió en el filtro primario, en tanto que lo fundamental de la bioconversión en metano se produjo en el filtro secundario del sistema en serie. El bajo nivel relativo de metanogenización obtenido podría explicarse por las limitaciones a la actividad de la biomasa metanogénica impuestas por las bajas temperaturas, aunque no se podría descartar una probable inhibición por los productos de hidrólisis de las grasas acumuladas: Resumen del Proyecto de Tesis Presentado por el autor Para optar al título de Magister en Ambiental. Dirección: Consuelo Díaz, Bióloga; M.Sc. U.N. Facultad de Ingeniería. 1992.
Análisis de puntos de rocío y contenidos de humedad de mezclas gaseosas N2-H2O y CH4-H2O
Authors: Bogoya M. D. , Müller C. , Oellrich L. R.
Published: December 2021

El conocimiento actual del contenido de humedad de mezclas gaseosas saturadas es aún incompleto, especialmente en la región de altas presiones y bajas temperaturas. Por tanto se realizaron medidas experimentales de punto de rocío con los sistemas nitrógeno-agua y metano-agua, a presiones de 3 y 6 MPa y a temperaturas de 258 K a 288 K. Los puntos de rocío se determinaron con el método del espejo de punto de rocío y los contenidos de humedad por medio de la titulación de Karl-Fischer. Los valores experimentales se compararon con correlaciones de la literatura. El método de Sharma-Campbell resultó ser la mejor descripción del sistema nitrógeno-agua. Para temperaturas inferiores a 273 K la suposición de comportamiento de gas ideal mostró ser suficiente para el sistema metano-agua, mientras que para temperaturas superiores a 273 K los cálculos mediante el principio de estados correspondientes con dos parámetros, en combinación con una corrección de fugacidad, manifestó ser la mejor.
Evaluación de la producción de gases en la fermentación acetobutílica
Authors: Duarte Torres Alberto , Alarcón Granobles John F. , Piñeros Forero Edgar R.
Published: December 2021

Los costos crecientes de las materias primas provenientes del petróleo, base de los procesos de síntesis de acetona y butanol, han originado un renovado interés por los procesos fermentativos. Estos procesos dejaron de aplicarse en 1930 por sus desfavorables condiciones económicas en comparación con los procesos sintéticos.
Criterios para la seleccion de un sistema de tratamiento de residuos y su aplicación a las vinazas de la industria alcohólica
Authors: Caicedo M. Luis Alfonso , Fonseca José Joaquín , Rodríguez Gerardo
Published: December 2021

La selección de un sistema de tratamiento de residuos debe seguir los criterios del proceso denominado BATEA (Mejor Proceso Disponible y Factible Técnica y económicamente). Debido a que su aplicación es difícil por no contar con parámetros objetivos de evaluación, se presenta un método que clasifica los criterios de evaluación en generales y específicos. Para la cuantificación de estos aspectos se emplean factores de ponderación como FQO, FCI, FTR, FD y el Factor de Aplicabilidad del Tratamiento (FAT). El método aplicado a la vinaza permite concluir que es la evaporación el mejor sistema de tratamiento para dicho proceso, mientras no se desarrollen otros sistemas o se aumente la tasa retributiva.
Estudio comparativo de la generación de CO2 en fermentaciones con células libres e inmovilizadas de zymomonas mobilis
Authors: Caicedo M. Luis Alfonso
Published: December 2021

La bacteria Zymomonas mobilis es estudiada actualmente como agente de la fermentación alcohólica gracias a las ventajas que presenta en relación con las levaduras, tales como, su alto factor de conversión sustrato a producto y la bala producción de células, entre otras. La inmovilización de microorganismos es una técnica que permite altas productividades y menores tiempos de fermentación.  El presente trabajo hace un estudio comparativo de la generación de CO2, como medida indirecta de la formación de etanol en la fermentación alcohólica, cuando se emplean células libres e inmovilizadas en alginato de calcio y en procesos por lotes. 
Los resultados muestran que en las fermentaciones con células libres y en la primera fermentación con células inmovilizadas la fase lag puede llegar a 24 horas, pero la reutilización de las células inmovilizadas disminuye la duración de la fase lag llegando a valores de cero. Un periodo largo de almacenamiento, a bajas temperaturas, puede llevar a una inactivación de las células aumentando ligeramente el tiempo de adaptación
Pectus excavatum em uma ninhada de Buldogue Francês: relato de caso
Authors: Aguirre J. C. , Gallego R. S. , Buitrago J.A.
Published: December 2021

O pectus excavatum é considerado uma patologia da parede torácica, onde há convexidade no aspecto ventral do esterno, o que gera complicações secundárias, como alongamento ventrodorsal do tórax e aumento da pressão intratorácica, entre outras. No presente caso, o corpo de um cachorro Buldogue Francês nasceu com sinais prévios de decaimento e baixo consumo de leito materno, além de uma avaliação médica forense. De acordo com a avaliação patológica, foi encontrada uma fenda no peito esternal relacionada às esternas caudais próximas à cartilagem xifóide, conteúdo espumoso na cartilagem epiglótica da laringe e sinais graves de enfisema nos lobos caudal, craniano e médio pulmonar. Na avaliação cardiológica, foi observada assimetria morfológica invaginante no septo interventricular na mesma área em que a fenda esternal ocorre, por sua vez, na avaliação radiográfica, evidencia uma depressão dorsal do terço caudal do esterno com alterações consideráveis na silhueta cardíaca. Na Colômbia não há relatos de ninhadas completas que apresentem esta alteração, portanto, pretende-se que este seja o primeiro relatório anatomopatológico e de imagem que descreva a patologia em caninos.
Avaliação do grau da implantação do Programa Saúde na Escola em município do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Medeiros Eliabe Rodrigues de , Tanaka Oswaldo Yoshimi , Souza Nilba Lima de , Santos Paula Fernanda Brandão Batista dos , Pinto Erika Simone Galvão
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Avaliar o grau da implantação do Programa Saúde na Escola em um município do nordeste brasileiro.Métodos Trata-se de estudo de avaliação da implantação, onde foram definidos os critérios e os parâmetros para comparação baseado nos componentes de qualidade donabediano. A coleta de dados aconteceu de maio à julho de 2017, em um município do nordeste do Brasil. Participaram 105 profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família por meio de instrumento construído a partir das normatizações do programa. Os dados foram organizados em planilhas do IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 22.0 e analisados a partir da estatística descritiva.Resultados A intervenção apresenta implantação incipiente (33,1%), classificação identificada nas dimensões estrutura (29,3%) e processo (34,8%).Conclusão O Programa Saúde na Escola possui implantação incipiente no município que remete à necessidade de aprimoramento das suas ações e recursos utilizados.
Itinerarios terapéuticos: una revisión de alcance
Authors: Ríos Camargo Nadia Katherinne , Urrego Mendoza Zulma Consuelo
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Revisar el conocimiento construido sobre el origen y definición, características, teorías y conceptos e ideas claves, campos de acción y relaciones con otros conceptos de los “itinerarios terapéuticos”.Métodos Revisión de alcance (scoping review) en bases de datos como PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar y en el repositorio de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia.Resultados Se incluyeron 70 documentos: 54% producidos en Brasil y solo el 23%, en Colombia; 47% publicados en portugués. En los últimos cuatro años hubo incremento en las producciones académicas del tema (39%). Los itinerarios terapéuticos aparecieron relacionados con otros conceptos como itinerarios de cuidado, itinerarios burocráticos y trayectorias vitales o de cuidado. Se les estudió en variadas poblaciones, en especial dentro de América Latina.Conclusión Se reconoce la investigación sobre itinerarios terapéuticos como base importante para construir sistemas de salud integrales acordes con la realidad de los usuarios, personas y comunidades a las que están dirigidos.
Uso intensivo de las TIC en un curso virtual de análisis de políticas públicas en salud
Authors: Agudelo-Calderón Carlos Alberto , García Ubaque Juan Carlos , Ortega Bolaños Jesús Alercio
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Diseñar y aplicar objetos virtuales de aprendizaje con énfasis en el estudiante y evaluar los resultados de un curso renovado en el aprendizaje de los métodos y técnicas apropiadas para el análisis de políticas públicas en salud.

Metodología El proyecto se concibió como un estudio observacional, comparativo y analítico para establecer la eficacia de las innovaciones pedagógicas. De marzo a julio de 2018 se llevó a cabo el proceso de rediseño pedagógico de cada una de las unidades del curso virtual de Análisis de Políticas Públicas en Salud. El curso renovado se realizó de agosto a diciembre de 2018.

Resultados Se introdujeron modificaciones en la estructura y la visualización del curso. Se llevó a cabo una innovación pedagógica por medio de las TIC, que incluyó videos de presentación del curso y de sus unidades, videos de presentación de los docentes, guías en HTML y PDF interactivos, cuestionarios en línea, presentaciones en Prezi, infografías, videoconferencias y evaluaciones en línea. Los indicadores usados muestran un mejoramiento de los logros y competencias en el curso renovado con respecto a los cursos anteriores.

Discusión Los resultados del proyecto sugieren que las transformaciones pedagógicas basadas en el uso intensivo de las TIC pueden tener resultados favorables. Esto es significativo para el análisis sobre las transformaciones relevantes del “modelo pedagógico”.
Cloroquina e hidroxicloroquina no Brasil: um caso de ineficácia na gestão da saúde pública
Authors: Souza Diego de Oliveira
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Analisar a decisão do governo federal brasileiro no âmbito da gestão da saúde pública, ao adotar o uso da cloroquina e da hidroxicloroquina como uma das principais medidas contra a Covid-19.Metodologia Estudo teórico de base documental, a partir da triangulação de métodos. As três etapas foram: revisão de literatura na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, com os descritores efficacy AND coronavirus infections AND chloroquine; análise dos documentos referentes aos contratos do governo federal para compras durante a pandemia; e análise de documentos produzidos por instâncias de controle e sociedades científicas brasileiras. A análise se deu pela perspectiva da Saúde Coletiva, de viés crítico.Resultado A revisão de literatura revelou que ainda não há eficácia clínica comprovada no uso da cloroquina e da hidroxicloroquina contra a Covid-19. Os gastos com esses dois medicamentos totalizaram R$ 1.769.824,73 (até julho de 2020), revelando um uso considerável de recursos públicos em uma medida sem eficácia comprovada. A decisão também rompe a gestão participativa, uma vez que as instâncias de controle social e sociedades científicas pediram cautela no uso desses medicamentos, em alguns casos, pediram a suspensão do protocolo implementado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil.Conclusão A linha de ação adotada pelo governo federal no Brasil toma um caminho ineficaz e que desrespeita a essência do que é Sistema Único de Saúde, priorizando o curativismo em detrimento de medidas protetivas.
La rehabilitación psicosocial de víctimas del conflicto armado: encuentros entre salud pública y psicología social
Authors: Bastidas Beltrán Andrés , Urrego Mendoza Zulma Consuelo
Published: December 2021

Este escrito se fundamenta en la necesidad de explicitar el aporte que hace la psicología social a la comprensión de un proceso de reparación a las víctimas de violaciones a los derechos humanos e infracciones al derecho internacional humanitario. Para dar cuenta de este aporte, se inicia argumentando por qué la reparación psicosocial es competencia de la salud pública a partir de la revisión del Plan Decenal de Salud Pública 2011-2021; luego se describen cuatro elementos que la psicología social comunitaria aporta a la salud pública para poder realizar procesos de rehabilitación psicosocial más consisten- tes y apropiados a las necesidades de las personas participantes en ellos.
Itinerários de vida de estudantes universitários com deficiência
Authors: Meinhardt Moana
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados da investigação que teve como principal objetivo compreender como os sujeitos com deficiência veem e percebem os movimentos em prol da educação inclusiva, bem como identificar quais suas perspectivas com relação à inclusão. Para tanto, utilizou-se como estratégia metodológica a análise dos itinerários de vida de dois estudantes universitários com deficiência. A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, foi realizada a partir de entrevistas com os dois sujeitos investigados e os dados coletados foram analisados por meio do método de análise de conteúdo, a partir dos pressupostos da teoria sócio-histórica e dos estudos sobre defectologia de Vigotski. O estudo evidenciou os principais entraves e avanços no fazer inclusivo e as contribuições dos sujeitos para a qualificação das práticas inclusivas em educação. Os itinerários demonstram a superação do estereótipo de deficiente a partir do investimento nas interações sociais dos sujeitos. A partir da análise dos dados pôde-se observar ainda que o preconceito se apresenta como um dos principais entraves ao fazer inclusivo, o que por sua vez origina-se da falta de conhecimento e contato com as pessoas com deficiência. Por fim, ressalta-se que os estudantes com deficiência se mostram abertos ao debate e à construção de uma sociedade inclusiva e muito têm a nos dizer e a contribuir.
Agile Software Development for Housing Reconstruction: The 2017 Earthquake case in Mexico
Authors: Ortiz-Hernández Javier , Ruiz-Martínez Víctor Josue , Hernández-Pérez María Yasmín , Mijarez-Castro Rito
Published: December 2021

On September 19, 2017 an earthquake occurred in Mexico with epicenter in the limits of the states of Puebla and Morelos. It had a magnitude of 7.1 on the Richter scale. 31,090 homes were affected, of which 1659 with total damage. In order to attend to the contingency, the government of Morelos formed an inter-institutional committee in the first hours to carry out an initial diagnosis of the damage and to provide emergency services. This article presents a case study and lessons learned from the software engineering support for the development of a data-driven platform in the various phases of contingency response: census of damaged homes, identification of aid beneficiaries, determination of aid packages according to a damage assessment, logistics and follow-up of aid package delivery, data-driven decision making, and a public portal for open data and budget transparency. KEYWORDS
Features of the implementation of an efficient parallel computation algorithm for modeling the icing of a swept wing with a GLC-305 airfoil
Authors: Koshelev Konstantin Borisovich , Osipov Andrei Vladimirovich , Strijhak Sergei Vladimirovich
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the possibility of the ICELIB library, developed at ISP RAS, for modeling ice formation processes on the surface of aircraft. As a test example to compare the accuracy of modeling the physical processes arising during the operation of the aircraft, the surface of a swept wing with a GLC-305 profile was studied. The possibilities of an efficient parallelization algorithm using a liquid film model, a dynamic mesh, and the geometric method of bisectors are discussed. The developed ICELIB library is a collection of three solvers. The first solver iceFoam1 is intended for preliminary estimation of the icing zones of the fuselage surface and aircraft’s swept wing. The change in the geometric shape of the investigated body is neglected, the thickness of ice formation is negligible. This version of the solver has no restrictions on the number of cores when parallelizing. The second version of solver iceDyMFoam2 is designed to simulate the formation of two types of ice, smooth (“Glaze ice”) and loose (“Rime ice"), for which the shape of ice often takes on a complex and bizarre appearance. The effect of changing the shape of the body on the icing process is taken into account. The limitations are related to the peculiarities of the construction of the mesh near the boundary layer of the streamlined body. Different algorithms are used to move the front and back edges of the film, which are optimized for their cases. The performance gain is limited and is achieved with a fixed number of cores. The third version of solver iceDyMFoam3 also allows you to take into account the effect of changes in the surface of a solid during the formation of ice on the icing process itself. For the case of smooth ice formation, the latest version of the solver is still inferior in its capabilities to the second one with complex ice surface shapes. In the third version, a somewhat simplified and more uniform approach is still used to calculate the motion of both boundaries of the ice film. The estimation of the calculation results with the data of the experiment from M. Papadakis for various airfoils and swept wing for the case of “Rime ice” is carried out. Good agreement with the experimental results was obtained.
Building a methodology for secure system software development on the example of operating systems
Authors: Devyanin Petr Nikolaevich , Telezhnikov Vladimir Iurevich , Khoroshilov Alexey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2021

System software is a cornerstone of any software system, so building secure system software in accordance with requirements of certification authorities and state-of-the-art practices is an important scientific and technical problem. One of possible approaches to cope with the problem is to build a methodology for secure system software development including advanced scientific technologies and industry best practices. The paper presents current results achieved in building such methodology in the following directions. The first one is regulatory framework improvement including development of GOST R specifications defining requirements to formal models of access control policies and their formal verification. The second direction is design and verification of formal models of corresponding security functional requirements. The third direction is application of new and well established technologies of static and run-time analysis of systems software. The considered technologies include static analysis, fuzzing, functional and unit testing as well as testing the system software against formal models of its functional security requirements. The forth direction is development of methods for acquisition of results of all kinds of the analysis and for its analytical processing. All the directions are illustrated by practical examples of application of the methodology to development of Astra Linux operating system distribution that is certified according to the highest evaluation assurance levels.
Ontological support of information security risk management
Authors: Boubacar Ibrahim , Budko Marina Borisovna , Budko Mikhail Yurievich , Guirik Alexei Valerievich
Published: December 2021

As a result of the work focused on improving the efficiency of the information security system through the development of an ontological model and an approach based on it to ensure information security (IS) risk management, a flexible result was obtained, which is designed to ensure an increase in the efficiency of the information security system by reducing the time spent on managerial decision-making. At the end of the work, a comparative analysis of existing approaches and techniques to information security risk management and the described approach was carried out. Based on the developed ontology and approach, highly intelligent information security risk management systems and the information security system can be created on its basis.
A formal language for primary specifications of the cryptographic protocols
Authors: Prokopev Sergey Evgenievich
Published: December 2021

Use of the formal methods in the development of the protocol implementations improves the quality of these implementations. The greatest benefit would result from the formalizing of the primary specifications usually contained in the RFC documents. This paper proposes a formal language for primary specifications of the cryptographic protocols, which aims at fulfilling (in a higher degree than in the existing approaches) the conditions required from primary specifications: they have to be concise, declarative, expressive, unambiguous and executable; in addition, the tools supporting the language have to provide the possibility of automatic deriving of the high quality test suites from the specifications. The proposed language is based on a machine (dubbed the C2-machine) specifically designed for the domain of the cryptographic protocols. Protocol specification is defined as a program of the C2-machine. This program consists of two parts: the definition of the protocol packets and the definition of the non-deterministic behavior of the protocol parties. One execution of the program simulates one run of the protocol. All the traces, which can be potentially produced by such execution, by definition, comprise all conformant traces of the protocol; in other words, the program of the C2-machine defines the operational contract of the protocol. In the paper, to make the design and operational principles of the C2-machine easier to understand, two abstractions of the C2‑machine are presented: C0-machine and C1-machine. C0-machine is used to explain the approach taken in expressing non-determinism of the protocols. The abstraction level of the C1-machine (which is a refinement of C0-machine) is enough to define the semantics of the basic C2-machine instructions. To enhance the readability of the programs and to reach the level of declarativeness and conciseness of the formalized notations used in some of conventional RFCs (e.g. TLS RFCs), C2-machine implements some syntactic tricks on top of the basic instructions. To use C2-specifications in the black-box testing, the special form of the C2-machine (C2-machine with excluded role) is presented. Throughout the paper the proposed concepts are illustrated by examples from the TLS protocol.
role of communication technologies between choreographer and composer during Aotearoa/New Zealand’s COVID-19 response
Authors: Austin-Stewart Jesse , Wright Jason
Published: December 2021

This article demonstrates how rapidly creatives can amend their creative processes to account for imposed limitations, particularly in the context of COVID-19. It documents a gradual shift in the way that in-person collaboration is valued. The use of communication technologies between composer and choreographer are compared through examples of the authors’ own work both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This allows for observations to be made as to how interpersonal, domestic and international creative processes may develop in the future global ‘new normal’. Aotearoa/New Zealand’s current quasi-post-pandemic status allows for predictions to be made about what this collaborative relationship may look like for the rest of the world post-COVID.
Gomes of Lisbon’s «Scriptum super Questiones Metaphisice Antonii Andree». A Renaissance commentary on Antonius Andreae
Authors: Correia Mário-João
Published: December 2021

Gómez de Lisboa (c.1440/50?- 1512) fue uno de los más importantes representantes del escotismo del renacimiento italiano. En su Scriptum super Questiones Metaphisice Antonii Andree, a veces está en desacuerdo con las soluciones de Antoni Andreu y con sus interpretaciones de Escoto. Con este artículo, trato de presentar esos puntos de desacuerdo. Al hacerlo, espero contribuir a la comprensión del escotismo del renacimiento y proporcionar un buen ejemplo de la duradera influencia de Antoni Andreu.
On the behavior of nonlinear hydrodynamic coefficients of a submerged cylinder beneath the water surface
Authors: My Nguyen Van , Tien Le Anh , Nam Phan Hoang , Khanh Nguyen Quoc , Than Chau Van , Hoang Phan Thanh
Published: December 2021

This study aims at numerically exploring the behavior of flow fields and nonlinear hydrodynamic coefficients of a horizontal cylinder beneath the free surface flow considering the effects of nonlinear surface waves and various cylinder shapes. The computational model is based on two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes solvers along with the treatment of the free surface flow using the volume of fluid method. The effect of the turbulent flow is also considered by using the shear stress transport turbulence model. The simulation result of a benchmark case study of the submerged cylinder is first validated with available experiment data, where a mesh convergence analysis is also performed. Afterward, the flow fields and hydrodynamic force coefficients around the cylinder surface are analyzed, and the influences of various cylinder shapes and Reynolds numbers on the hydrodynamic coefficients are investigated. A state diagram representing the hydrodynamic behavior including stable and unstable stages is finally proposed; this is an important criterion for the practice design of submerged civil structures under the free surface flow.
Prevalence of Favorable Anatomy for Palatal Emergence of an Immediate Implant in the Maxillary Central Incisor Post-Extraction Site
Authors: Jones Andoni , Chávarri-Prado David , Diéguez-Pereira Markel , Estrada-Martínez Alejandro , Beltrán-Guijarro Miguel , Pérez-Pevida Esteban
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of favorable anatomy for palatal emergence of an immediate flapless implant in the maxillary central incisor post-extraction site. Implants were virtually placed into maxillary central incisor sites using 3-dimensional implant planning software. Following a strict implant placement criterion to keep a safe distance to the buccal plate and other anatomical structures, sockets were assessed to determine their suitability for an implant emerging from the palatal aspect. From 321 patients included in this study, 62.3% presented a suitable socket anatomy for an immediate implant to be placed with an angulation suitable for a screw-retained crown. In 29% of the cases, the implants had to be labially tilted to maintain a minimum distance to the buccal plate; 8.7% were unsuitable for immediate implants due to anatomic limitations. The position and angulation for an immediate implant in the maxillary central incisor socket should be carefully assessed preoperatively with 3-dimensional images, as many sites will not be candidates for a palatal emergence and thus a screw-retained restoration.
Partial Extraction Therapy: A Review of Human Clinical Studies
Authors: Wu David T. , Raoof Shahram , Latimer Jessica M. , Nguyen Thomas T.
Published: December 2021

Partial extraction therapy (PET) is a collective concept encompassing a group of surgical techniques including socket shield, root membrane, proximal shield, pontic shield, and root submergence. PET uses the patient's own root structure to maintain blood supply derived from the periodontal ligament complex to preserve the periodontium and peri-implant tissues during restorative and implant therapy. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding PET techniques and present a comprehensive evaluation of human clinical studies in the literature. Two independent reviewers conducted electronic and manual searches until January 1, 2021, in the following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source. Gray literature was searched to identify additional candidates for potential inclusion. Articles were screened by a group of 4 reviewers using the Covidence software and synthesized. A systematic search of the literature yielded 5714 results. Sixty-four articles were selected for full-text assessment, of which 42 eligible studies were included in the review. Twelve studies were added to the synthesis after a manual search of the reference lists. A total of 54 studies were examined in this review. In sum, PET techniques offer several clinical advantages: (1) preservation of buccal bone postextraction and limitation of alveolar ridge resorption, (2) mitigation of the need for invasive ridge augmentation procedures, and (3) soft-tissue dimensional stability and high esthetic outcomes. Further randomized clinical studies with larger sample sizes are needed to improve the understanding of the long-term clinical outcomes of PET.
Prospettiva cristocentrica della creazione nel Nuovo Testamento
Authors: Siwecki Leon
Published: December 2021

Nauczanie Nowego Testamentu w zakresie teologii stworzenia koncentruje się na wydarzeniu Jezusa Chrystusa. Pisma Nowego Testamentu ukazują „Boga, który ożywia umarłych i powołuje do istnienia to, czego jeszcze nie ma” (Rz 4,17). Przesłanie Nowego Testamentu przedstawia zbawcze działanie Boga w Jezusie Chrystusie, także w kontekście teologii stworzenia. Wzajemna korelacja stworzenia i historii zbawienia jest niezbędna dla zrozumienia przesłania teologii stworzenia, które w rzeczywistości osadza się na zapowiedzi odkupienia dokonanego przez Jezusa Chrystusa. Innymi słowy, refleksja nad stworzeniem wypływa z refleksji nad zbawieniem, które jest nierozerwalnie związane z wydarzeniem Chrystusa. Uznanie Chrystusa za jedyny „początek i koniec” wszystkich rzeczy, kieruje nasze spojrzenie w kierunku obietnicy odkupienia stworzenia od wszelkich przejawów zła, które dotyka je obecnie. Jest jednocześnie zaproszeniem do odrzucenia wszelkiego dualizmu. Nie można zatem „odrywać” od siebie porządku „natury” oraz „łaski i prawdy”, z drugiej zaś strony, nie oznacza to wszystko prostej identyfikacji tych dwóch porządków.
O nuncjuszu Durinim i dyplomacji Stolicy Apostolskiej w relacjach z Polską raz jeszcze – odpowiedź na polemikę
Authors: Zając Paweł
Published: December 2021

Niniejszy tekst stanowi odpowiedź na polemikę Wojciecha Kędera dotyczącą artykułu o działalności nuncjusza Angela Marii Duriniego w Rzeczypospolitej w latach 1767–1769 („Kwartalnik Historyczny” nr 3 z 2019 r.). Wykazano tu błędy w zarzutach co do podstawy źródłowej oraz interpretacji faktów historycznych, które skierował pod adresem autora artykułu prof. Kęder. W udokumentowany sposób zwraca się uwagę na niesłuszność krytyki opublikowanej w „Studiach Sandomierskich”nr 27 z 2020 r. (s. 393–403).
Models for Estimating Soil Erosion in the Middle and Lower VasluieÅ£ Basin
Authors: ROȘCA, Bogdan , VASILINIUC Ionuț , TOPȘA George
Published: December 2021

In this paper, several models of estimating soil erosion have been compared, with a special emphasis on pixel-based calculation of soil loss. The paper describes and analyzes the differences between USLE, RUSLE 3D and USPED models, with an accent on theÂ formula proposed by MoÅ£oc et alÂ Â . (1975). The materials used in the modeling process were the digital elevation model (DEM) at a 10m resolution, 1:10,000 soil maps created by OSPA Vaslui including the analytical data attached, ortophotoplans and LANDSAT images for C factor extraction. For each model, the necessary layers have been derived according to specifications provided by the original authors. Moreover, a review of the Romanian literature on the subject has been conducted. After calculating soil erosion according to each model, results were compared with the absolute values measured by various research centers and values obtained by other authors. It has been found that the values obtained are comparable with those of other authors, and even with those from runoff plots. The main conclusion of the paper is that the Romanian version of the USLE equation needs to be updated, and some factors such as rainfall erosivity and soil erodability re-evaluated. The use of such a version would make all the applicatÂ ionsâ€™ results comparable.
Influence of Vibration Amplitude Oscillations on the Conical Sieve Suspended
Authors: STOICA Dorel , VOICU Gheorghe , RUSÄ‚NESCU Carmen
Published: December 2021

n this paper, the oscillation amplitude is determined by the influence of vibration of conical sieve with experimental measurements for both experimental stand. Experimental investigations have been conducted so that phenomena captured oscillating movement (vibration) of the conical sieve as equipment for processing agricultural products bound for the separation of impurities from mixtures of seeds, and sorting (sizing) to obtain seeds sown material with uniform characteristics and seed growing, as a first line of research. Followed the experimental determination of vibration parameters conical sieve suspended in different working conditions, and different amplitudes of oscillation sieve.
Research Regarding Barley Germination with the Jacobsen Machine Used for
Authors: DOBRE Vasile , VELESCU Ionut , ROSCA Radu
Published: December 2021

Green malt is a semiindustrialized product obtained from barley and it represents a natural product, rich in enzymes and vitamins. In this paper were conducted laboratory researches to determine the optimum working regime for obtaining malt from barley. The research was conducted in the laboratory, which is equipped with a Jacobsen germination machine, which helped in projecting and realizing different work methods in obtaining green malt. In the experiments performed were considered different working conditions for germination of barley, such as measurement and monitoring of time, water level and water temperature in the tank for soaking and germination of barley. Thus, barley germination humidity ranged from 14% to 52% and temperature of 14Â o C to 25o C, which allowed the establishment of working diagram families, and under their influence were obtained different times for germination of barley. Barley varieties used in these experiments were Andreea and MÄƒdÄƒlin which were grown on an agricultural land in the county of Iasi, area of Trifești and the MÂ ÄƒdÄƒlin variety cultivated in the area of Peceneaga, Tulcea country. Following the experiences made with this machine was able to increase and to decrease willingly the speed of barley germination. By altering the speed of germination of barley were obtained several types of malt, which differ depending on the content of enzymes, fermentable sugar content, protein content and gums.
The Monarthopalpus Buxi Species Population Dynamics in Cluj County (Romania)
Authors: SOPORAN Cristina , OLTEAN Ion , FLORIAN Teodora
Published: December 2021

Monarthropalpus buxi (Â Â Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) has been described for the first time by Rubsaamen in 1982 (Perju et al., 2001). It is a monophagus species developing onÂ Buxus sempenvirens as its dendrological species, which plays host toÂ Monarthropalpus buxi, and is attacked by its larva. The attack is observed on the leaves ofÂ Buxus sempenvirens : the larva feeds on the cellular juice of the leaves, which have a goffering aspect, yellow-rusty in color. The objectives of the research regarded establishing the dynamics of flight curve, circadian rhythm, the effectiveness and efficacy of colored panels. The experiment developed along 24 days, starting with April 30, 2012 until May 24, 2012. Sticky panels have been used, in four different colors, placed aboveÂ Buxus sempenvirens bushes, in one single row, at three different height levels. The first captures have been observed on May 3, 2012. The maximum of flight curve has been registered on May 11, 2012. The last captures have been registered on May 22, 2012. This year, there have been captured as many as 21,984 adults; the greatest number of individuals have been captured on yellow panels, which means 34.74% of the whole Monarthropalpus buxiÂ Â population captured in 2012.
The Main Advantages of E-Drive System Used for Precision Seeding
Authors: RANTA Ovidiu , DROCAȘ Ioan , STÄ‚NILÄ‚ Sorin , MOLNAR Adrian , MUNTEAN Mircea , MARIAN Ovidiu
Published: December 2021

In this paper were analysed the main advantages of using electric drive system for theÂ distribution discs used in precision sowing machines.The main quality indexes (Toma, D., 1987) of theÂ seeds placement in the soil were analysed using a sowing machine equipped with classic chain driveÂ system and a machine equipped with the E-drive drive system. Experimental tests were performed inÂ field conditions for minimum tillage and direct seeding technology (Rusu, T.,2011). From comparativeÂ analysis of data obtained it can be observed clearly that the electric drive system creates a sow with aÂ much better quality and the working speed can be higher than the classic system, almost doubled.
Study on the Agricultural System of BÄƒișoara Commune, Cluj County
Authors: CIREBEA Mirela , ROTAR Ioan , CIURE Anamaria
Published: December 2021

OverÂ 30% of Romaniaâ€™s surface is occupied by mountain areas. Natural and human systems are particularly vulnerable to the stresses of natural and social orderÂ . Our study aims to analyze the specific agricultural systems of BÄƒișoara commune (focuÂ sed on grasslands status) in relation with population dynamics and activities. It was found that there is a close relationship between the economic development of the commune and the level of intensification of the agricultural system. In this paper are presented data regarding the demographic evolution, the agricultural surfaces, and as well as data regarding the ratio between the number of animals from the village in a certain period of time and the directions of development of grasslands surfaces. It is known that grasslands are in a process of degradation and one of the reasons could be the miss accordance between the number of animals and grasslandâ€™s productivity, or the early spring grazing, before the installation of a stable vegetation cover, or as a result of an inadequate managementÂ .
The Effect of Mineral Fertilization upon the Floristical Composition of the Mountain
Authors: PÄ‚CURAR Florin , ROTAR Ioan , BOGDAN Anca , VIDICAN Roxana
Published: December 2021

The administration of large quantities of chemical fertilizers may strongly diminish the plant diversity of semi-natural grasslands. In the Apuseni Mountains (Romania), the chemical fertilization is rarely used, but, considering the populationâ€™s decrease and the livestock diminish, this might have a greater importance in the future. The maintenance of semi-natural grasslands within the mountainous landscape depends greatly on fertilization. Our paperâ€™s goal is to assess the influence of mineral fertilizers upon semi-Â natural grasslandâ€™s plant diversity. Mineral fertilizers complex NPK 20:10:10 ratio was applied in three quantities: 50N 25P 25 K, 100N 50P 50K, and 150N 75P 75 K. The large quantities of mineral fertilizers generated a considerable decrease of the plant diversity.
Comparative Study Regarding the Pollutant Removed by a Diesel Engine Fuelled with
Authors: DUMITRU Mariana , MOISE George
Published: December 2021

The paper wants to analise the emissions removed by a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel comparative with those eliminated if using a conventional fuel, especially the measurement of carbon quantity from the evacuated gases. For achieving these measurements, an opacimeter will be used, and the higher the opacity is, the higher is the amount of carbon. The measurements were made with the opacimeter through free acceleration between the slow no-load speed and the maximum no-load speed, at a normal functioning regime. Minimum 3 measurements of opacity at free acceleration are made. The results obtained after the experiments show that the opacity values of motor fuelled with biodiesel B 20 are smaller than those of motor fuelled with conventional fuels, at all measured speed values. On the other hand, other elements present in emissions, such as: COÂ 2, Sulphure oxides, carbon monoxide and material particles are all smalller in the case of using biodiesel as fuel.