bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A poly(amidoxime)-modified MOF macroporous membrane for high-efficient uranium extraction from seawater
Authors: Wang Jiawen , Sun Ye , Zhao Xuemei , Chen Lin , Peng Shuyi , Ma Chunxin , Duan Gaigai , Liu Zhenzhong , Wang Hui , Yuan Yihui , Wang Ning
Published: April 2022

Although metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) own excellent uranium adsorption capacity but are still difficult to conveniently extract uranium from seawater due to the discrete powder state. In this study, a new MOF-based macroporous membrane has been explored, which can high-efficiently extract uranium through continuously filtering seawater. Through modifying the UiO-66 with poly(amidoxime) (PAO), it can disperse well in a N,N-dimethylformamide solution of graphene oxide and cotton fibers. Then, the as-prepared super-hydrophilic MOF-based macroporous membrane can be fabricated after simple suction filtration. Compared with nonmodified MOFs, this UiO-66@PAO can be dispersed uniformly in the membrane because it can stabilize well in the solution, which have largely enhanced uranium adsorbing capacity owing to the modified PAO. Last but not least, different from powder MOFs, this UiO-66@PAO membrane provides the convenient and continuously uranium adsorbing process. As a consequence, the uranium extraction capacity of this membrane can reach 579 mg·g−1 in 32 ppm U-added simulated seawater for only 24 h. Most importantly, this UiO-66@PAO membrane (100 mg) can remove 80.6% uranyl ions from 5 L seawater after 50 filtering cycles. This study provides a universal method to design and fabricate a new MOF-based adsorbent for high-efficient uranium recovery from seawater.
Face recognition algorithm based on stack denoising and self-encoding LBP
Authors: Lu Yanjing , Khan Mudassir , Ansari Mohd Dilshad
Published: April 2022

To optimize the weak robustness of traditional face recognition algorithms, the classification accuracy rate is not high, the operation speed is slower, so a face recognition algorithm based on local binary pattern (LBP) and stacked autoencoder (AE) is proposed. The advantage of LBP texture structure feature of the face image as the initial feature of sparse autoencoder (SAE) learning, use the unified mode LBP operator to extract the histogram of the blocked face image, connect to form the LBP features of the entire image. It is used as input of the stacked AE, feature extraction is done, realize the recognition and classification of face images. Experimental results show that the recognition rate of the algorithm LBP-SAE on the Yale database has achieved 99.05%, and it further shows that the algorithm has a higher recognition rate than the classic face recognition algorithm; it has strong robustness to light changes. Experimental results on the Olivetti Research Laboratory library shows that the developed method is more robust to light changes and has better recognition effects compared to traditional face recognition algorithms and standard stack AEs.
Bats can migrate farther than it was previously known: a new longest migration record by Nathusius’ pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Vasenkov Denis , Desmet Jean-François , Popov Igor , Sidorchuk Natalia
Published: April 2022

Bat migrations have been studied for a long time, but large areas remain poorly explored in this regard. This note reports a record migration distance of the Nathusius’ pipistrelle – 2486 km from Russia to the French Alps. This distance exceeds the previous record flight from Latvia to Spain by 260 km. Hibernating colonies of Nathusius’ pipistrelle are known in the Caucasus. However, our data show that Nathusius’ pipistrelle can fly much longer for hibernating.
Recent developments and future perspectives of biorenewable nanocomposites for advanced applications
Authors: Iroegbu Austine Ofondu Chinomso , Ray Suprakas Sinha
Published: April 2022

Fossil-based resources are finite; thus, materials derivable from these resources are nonsustainable. As no methods for renewing the depleting fossil reserves have been discovered, humanity must seek renewable, sustainable, and efficient alternatives to satisfy its material needs and preserve civilization. Solar energy remains the “capital income” of the global community and is pivotal to meeting the current needs of humankind by using biorenewable resources. Hence, the scientific community should ultimately shift its focus away from the well-established field of fossil-based chemistry to the less examined area of biorenewable chemistry. Although nature-based materials offer enormous opportunities as eco-friendly and renewable resources toward materials sustainability, their application ranges are beset with limitations compared to conventional materials – hence, enhancing their properties for advanced applications toward sustainable development represents a very challenging task. This review discusses the existing techniques for various synergizing approaches developed in the fields of biology, chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology to overcome the limitations of biorenewable nanocomposites, expand their application range into previously restricted areas, and establish biorenewables as viable alternatives to conventional materials fabricated from fossil-based resources. In addition, we briefly outline various preparation methods for biobased nanocomposites as their limitations and directions for future studies.
Divergences and Convergences of Perspective: Amerindian Perspectivism, Phenomenology, and Speculative Realism
Authors: Šatkauskas Ignas
Published: April 2022

According to Viveiros de Castro, comparison as ontology defines the ontological turn in anthropology. It presents a necessity for philosophy to approach the matter with comparative strategy. Morten Pedersen claims that ontological turn should be interpreted as a fulfillment of an anthropological version of Husserl’s method. Thus, phenomenology enters the field of interest along with its critique in Speculative Realism. In this article, we will see clearly why this selection is not accidental but rather unavoidable. Amerindian perspectivism necessitates the philosophical reconceptualization of perspective in general, which is to be taken as a challenge for the established discourses. The need arises to rethink the problematic of Kantian perspectivism and its offspring. Amerindian perspectivism proposes cosmological deictics that hold a spatiality of the perspective of the other, of the in-itself, thus it comes into an opposition to Kant’s system. Phenomenological perspective, as one of the Kantian offspring, faces a predicament that is interwoven with the critique of correlationism arriving from Speculative Realisms. The synthetic character of phenomenology allows enough flexibility for it to traverse these recent charges. We will draw a comparative picture of dynamic co-evolution of strains of recent thought, striving for a synthetic multiplicity, permeated by a common perspectival thread.
RSC CICAG Open Chemical Science meeting: integrating chemical data from two symposia and a series of workshops
Authors: Swain Christopher J. , Frey Jeremy G. , Goodman Jonathan M.
Published: April 2022

In November 2020 the Royal Society of Chemistry Chemical Information and Computer Applications interest group (RSC CICAG) ran a five-day meeting entitled Open Chemical Science (https://www.rsc.org/events/detail/42090/open-chemical-science). This event had three intertwined themes, Open Data, Open Access publishing and a series of workshops highlighting a variety of Open-Source tools for chemistry. The online event proved to be enormously popular, with attendees from 45 different countries. The challenges involved in converting what was planned as a three-day physical event into a five day virtual event with three intertwined strands was recognised by the RSC with the award of the “2021 Inspirational Committee Award” (https://www.rsc.org/prizes-funding/prizes/2021-winners/rsc-chemical-information-and-computer-applications-group/). The workshops in particular proved to be enormously popular and spawned a year long series of further workshops.
Evaluation of 186WS2 target material for production of high specific activity 186Re via proton irradiation: separation, radiolabeling and recovery/recycling
Authors: Charles Anster , Khosrashahi Firouzeh Najafi , Ma Li , Munindradasa Chathurya , Hoerres Rebecca , Lydon John D. , Kelley Steven P. , Guthrie James , Rotsch David , Medvedev Dmitri , Cutler Cathy S. , Li Yawen , Wilbur D. Scott , Hennkens Heather M. , Jurisson Silvia S.
Published: April 2022

Enriched tungsten disulfide (186WS2) was evaluated at increasing proton beam currents (20–50 μA) and times (up to 4 h) on a GE PETtrace cyclotron for production of high specific activity (HSA) 186Re. The HSA 186Re was separated from the irradiated target as [186Re][ReO4]– by a liquid–liquid extraction method and radiolabeled with a new N2S2 ligand (222-MAMA-N-ethylpropionate). The enriched 186W was recovered from the extraction process, analyzed for purity and enrichment, and converted back to the disulfide (186WS2). The results demonstrate that the 186WS2 is an easily pressed target material that can withstand relatively high currents and can be readily recovered and recycled. The 186Re produced was isolated in high specific activity and readily formed the radiotracers [186Re][ReO(222-MAMA-N-ethylpropionate)] and [186Re][Re(CO)3(OH2)3] +.
The aqueous chemistry of radium
Authors: Brown Paul L. , Matyskin Artem V. , Ekberg Christian
Published: April 2022

Available literature data on the aqueous chemistry of radium are compiled. There are limited available experimental data and a significant portion of the data has been estimated using electrostatic techniques, typically based on the corresponding data of barium. The available data are compared with the corresponding data of barium (and strontium) and a methodology for estimating additional radium thermochemical data is described.
Unfolding Judicial Ideology: A Data-Generating Priors Approach with an Application to the Brazilian Supreme Court
Authors: Medina Damares , dalla Pellegrina Lucia , Garoupa Nuno
Published: April 2022

Spatial models, in the form of latent response theories (ideal point estimation), have been widely used to study the voting behavior of judges in collegial courts. In some specific institutional contexts, building coherent testable hypotheses with conventional methodology is challenging. We set up a non-parametric method to identify the number and nature of the latent ideological traits allegedly orienting judicial voting behavior in the absence of prior information regarding the nature of their preferences. We draw information from explorative cluster analysis conducted on votes cast by judges in the decisions of the court to construct priors in the context of Item Response Theory. We concentrate on the Brazilian Supreme Court in the period 2009–2018. We primarily find that votes express a split which groups judges into two distinct clusters. On one side, we find judges appointed further back in time and with longer tenure on the bench; on the other side, we observe judges more recently appointed and with shorter experience. Judges are likely to respond to the presidential appointer and to elements related to their origin, university education, and career background (aside from the guidance of their own experience). Our study provides an original empirical approach that is not limited to the Brazilian Supreme Court, but is suitable to investigate judicial voting behavior when the nature of potential ideological drivers is debatable, controversial, or unknown.
Determining Soil Plasticity Utilizing Manafi Method and Apparatus
Authors: Manafi Masoud S. G. , Deng An , Taheri Abbas , Jaksa Mark B. , HB Nagaraj
Published: April 2022

Soil plasticity is one of the essential index properties required for classifying soils in geotechnical engineering practice. Determination of plasticity properties of soils is also critical for correlation with their engineering properties such as shear strength, permeability, and compressibility. However, present standard test methods for soil plasticity suffer, to different extents, from operator-dependency and inconsistency. This study introduces a new technique utilizing a combined qualitative and quantitative approach for soil property determinations, namely the Manafi Method and Apparatus. The method is proposed as an alternative technique to determine the liquid and plastic limits of soils. The proposed technique is instrumented with a new soil extrusion device to quantify the workability of soils and is calibrated to translate the workability to their liquid and plastic limits. The method is applied to seven soils of varying particle sizes and plasticity to determine the liquid and plastic limits, and the results are compared with those obtained by the conventional methods. The outcomes suggest that the new technique provides a more precise and reliable means of soil plasticity determination in the studied samples.
Energy Saving Configuration of Embedded Sensor Transfer Nodes in the LOT for Dust Movement Monitoring in an Atmospheric Environment from the Health Perspective
Authors: Wang Bo , Yao Xuliang , Jiang Yongqing , Sun Chao
Published: April 2022

In order to reduce the energy consumption of sensor transfer nodes in atmospheric environment monitoring, the energy-saving configuration of embedded sensor transfer nodes in the Internet of Things (IOT) for dust movement monitoring in the atmospheric environment is proposed. Firstly, the wireless sensor network technology is analyzed. Combined with the characteristics of data transmission in the process of dust movement monitoring in the atmospheric environment, the energy-saving configuration of an embedded sensor transfer node in the Internet of Things is designed, and sleep scheduling is introduced into the data transmission module. According to the spatial correlation of dust movement in the atmosphere, different state areas are divided, and the optimal node is selected as the representative node of the monitoring area data transmission to reduce energy consumption of nodes. The simulation results show that the time of dead nodes is about 150 rounds, and the energy consumption is kept at 0.0025 J/round, and it is basically stable without obvious energy consumption fluctuation. It realizes the energy saving of specialized nodes in sensors and improves the operation life of sensor networks. It has certain research value.
Modulus Back-Calculation of Four-Layer System Based on the Characteristic Parameters of Deflection Basin
Authors: Liu Xu , Wang Xudong , Wu Yang , Zhou Xingye
Published: April 2022

Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) is the most widely used nondestructive testing method for pavement structure. The back-calculation of structural modulus based on the deflection basin is an important approach to evaluate the service state of pavement structure and study the evolution law of its behavior. Although the deflection of pavement can be approximated as elastic deformation by the instantaneous impact load in FWD testing, the nonlinear response characteristics of structure and materials are non-negligible, which brings difficulties to the modulus back-calculation for a multilayer system. This paper proposes a new back-calculation method of the four-layer structure, which is based on the linear elastic layered mechanical system, through analyzing the empirical relationship between the geometric characteristics of the measured deflection basin and the corresponding moduli of the structural layers. In addition, the feasibility and reliability of this method are evaluated by using the FWD data of the representative structures in the RIOHTrack test road.
Sanctions against the Russian maritime sector: facts and explanations
Authors:   Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kolesnikova Marina
Published: April 2022

On April 8, 2022, the European Union approved the fifth package of anti-Russia sanctions. Among other things, the sanctions include a ban on Russian ships entering the EU ports. The European Union is increasing pressure on Russia and coordinating its actions with the United States and their allies. The common goals are to oust our country from the global financial, trading, economic, political and humanitarian space, to cause maximum damage to the industry, and to reduce the level of technological development. Finally, to make Russia a global outsider, to destroy its ability of full participation in world processes. The collective West is acting within the framework of its goals, which explains the massive sanctions strike on Russian maritime sector.
Participatory Mapping and Counter-Representations in Wind Energy Planning
Authors: Müller Stefanie , Flacke Johannes , Buchecker Matthias
Published: April 2022

Participatory mapping for landscape planning is gaining in popularity. With a participatory geographic information system, the local spatial knowledge of the affected public can be collected and included in planning decisions. For its proponents, participatory mapping is deemed useful not only for rendering planning more inclusive but also for facilitating consensus in planning. Here, we present a case study of wind energy planning in a region in Switzerland in which we applied a participatory mapping approach that resulted in providing spatial data not for consensus-making but for creating counter-maps. Using a critical cartography approach, we identified from our sample data the distinct wind energy discourses of supporters, opponents, and people who were indifferent; these revealed three different representations of the same place, which leaves little room for reaching a consensus. Drawing on the agonistic planning theory of radical democracy, however, we could demonstrate why this outcome is not necessarily problematic but rather bears potential for more democracy and pluralism in controversial landscape planning. This case study builds the foundation for discussions about how to implement energy transition in the face of the climate crisis and touches on other cutting-edge issues, including the handling of dissensus, conflict, and polarization in planning.
Peculiarities of Locus of Control and Motivation of Achievement in Senior Schoolchildren and in Students of Professional College
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Ganpantsurova Olga B. , Vastaeva Lianna Sh. ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Zhdanova Anna D. ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: April 2022

This article examines the relationship between the motivation for achieving success and the localization of behavioral control in adolescence. The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics of the locus of control and achievement motivation in adolescence. Locus of control is considered as a psychological factor of behavioral manifestation that characterizes a particular type of personality in terms of its influence on the social circumstances of reality. To determine the characteristics of the locus of control and achievement motivation in adolescence, a comparative analysis of motivation for achieving success among senior schoolchildren and students of a professional college, as well as the specifics of the ichlocus of control. The article contains an analysis of modern theoretical provisions on the localization of control and achievement motivation. The results of an empirical study of the relationship between the level of achievement motivation and the locus of control in adolescence are presented, on the basis of which the features of the achievement motivation and the localization of behavioral control in senior and college students are interpreted.
Identificación de conflictos éticos y bioéticos relacionados con los pesticidas en Colombia
Authors: Molano Quintero Yessica Marcela , García Villalobos Astrid Carolina
Published: April 2022

En Colombia, los campesinos han empleado pesticidas de origen químico que han resultado en daños al suelo y a la salud de los mismos, lo cual ha originado que se den riesgos y conflictos de origen ético respecto al uso de los productos, puesto que los campesinos desconocen en muchas ocasiones los efectos perjudiciales que traen consigo los pesticidas, y las empresas productoras si conocen estos efectos (Espluga Trenc, 2001); el artículo aborda la identificación de conflictos desde una perspectiva ética por medio de principios de orden ético tales como los  principios cardinales de Ricardo Maliandi, el principio de Justicia de Beauchamp y Childress como modo de profundización del principio de Universalidad, el principio de autonomía de Beauchamp y Childress que profundiza el principio de Individualización, el principio de precaución que explica el principio de Conservación y el principio de Responsabilidad que a su vez se concreta en el principio de Realización. Por medio de los nexos entre los puntos cardinales y las especificaciones de los mísmos permiten identificar y abordar los conflictos generados por el uso de pesticidas en el País, en búsqueda de reducir los daños al suelo y  la salud de los campesinos que lo trabajan.
Sustainable cleaner production technologies and treatment of segregated effluent streams with recovery of quality salt, chromium & water
Authors: Rajamani S
Published: April 2022

Conventional process and treatment system adopted by Indian and Global Tanneries consist of Segregation of Spent Chrome Stream and discharge of supernatant for combined treatment along with effluent from all sectional operations starting from soaking to finishing, Conventional physiochemical and biological treatment for reduction of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), etc., Ultra-filtration and Reverse Osmosis (RO) system for recovery of water and Multiple Effect Evaporator (MEE) for the evaporation of RO reject stream and generation of mixed salt in case of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system and Storage of mixed salt recovered from the MEE system for which no viable disposal system is found. Establishment of treatment system for the mixed stream results in poor performance of biological treatment units, increases the Operation & Maintenance (O&M) cost and accumulation of recovered mixed salt in case of ZLD system. It is estimated that, more than 8-10 tones of mixed salt is generated during the treatment of 1.0 MLD effluent under ZLD system. To address this serious environmental problem, an innovative approach of segregation of saline streams such as soak liquor and chrome liquor are planned to be collected separately with the feasibility of recovering reusable quality salt and chromium in the form cake for regeneration and use in the form of Basic Chromium Sulphate (BCS) by the tanneries. This innovative treatment concept has been developed and is being implemented in many Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) in India. This will become the first of its kind in Global Leather World. This developmental scheme is in accordance with the guidelines and recommendations of UNIDO in terms of sustainability of ZLD system for leather sector. The technological developments on cleaner productions, centralized chrome recovery reuse system, segregation of saline soak water for separate treatment with recovery of water and quality salt are dealt in this technical paper.
Ultrasound for Pediatric Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mitchell Evan O. , Jones Philip , Snelling Peter J.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Establishing peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) access in infants and children is a common procedure but can be technically difficult. The primary objective was to determine the effect ultrasound had on first attempt PIVC insertion success rates in the pediatric population. Secondary objectives included overall success rates and subgroups analyses.

METHODS

A systematic review of articles using Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Randomized trials evaluating ultrasound-guided PIVC insertion against the landmark approach in pediatric patients who reported at least 1 outcome of success rate (first attempt or overall) were included. Methodological quality of the literature was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed.

RESULTS

Nine studies with 1350 patients, from a total of 1033 studies, were included for analysis. Ultrasound showed a statistically significant improvement in PIVC insertion success on first attempt in 5 of 8 studies, with an overall success rate of 78% in the ultrasound group and 66% in the control group. The secondary outcome of overall success was improved by ultrasound in studies that allowed ≥3 attempts (pooled OR 3.57, 95% CI 2.05 to 6.21, P < .001, I2 = 0.0%).

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review suggested that ultrasound improves pediatric PIVC first pass and overall success rates. Subgroup analysis showed improvement in PIVC success rates for patients with difficult intravenous access and a single operator, dynamic, short-axis ultrasound technique.
Acianthera hagsateri (Pleurothallidinae), a new species from the sub-andean forest of Colombia
Authors: Pérez-Escobar Oscar Alejandro , Oses Lizbeth M. , Solano Rodolfo , Rodríguez Lizeth Katherine , Zuluaga Alejandro , Bogarín Diego
Published: April 2022

A new species of Acianthera from the relict cloud forests of Valle del Cauca, Colombia is described and illustrated. This new species, Acianthera hagsateri, morphologically resembles A. geminicaulina, A. decurrens, and A. erythrogramma, but differs from them by its shorter plants and stems, the elliptic and obtuse smaller leaves, the racemose, 1–3 flowered raceme, and the obovate, entire lip, with a pair of smooth calli reaching the apical half. Illustration, distribution map, eponymy, notes on ecology, pictures for this new species are included, and a comparison table with morphologically similar species.
Evaluación de los purines como una alternativa de fertilización orgánica en pasto estrella africana
Authors: Elizondo-Salazar Jorge Alberto , Espinoza-Fonseca Humberto
Published: April 2022

La mezcla de residuos originados por los sistemas de producción animal, que pueden incluir estiércol, aguas de lavado, agua de lluvia, restos de alimento balanceado y desechos de cama, han sido utilizados para mejorar la productividad de las cosechas y comúnmente se les denomina purines. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de fertilizantes orgánicos e inorgánicos sobre la producción y composición química del pasto estrella africana en una finca lechera especializada. El estudio se llevó a cabo de mayo a diciembre del 2018 en la Estación Experimental Alfredo Volio Mata de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se utilizó un área de 500 m2 en un aparto de pasto estrella africana. El área total se dividió en tres bloques y cada bloque fue subdividido en cuatro parcelas que correspondieron a los diferentes tratamientos de fertilización nitrogenada a una dosis constante de 250 kg/ha/año distribuido en seis aplicaciones. Cada parcela fue de 5 x 5 m y los tratamientos utilizados fueron: 1) testigo (0 kg de nitrógeno), 2) compost, 3) purines y 4) urea. El rendimiento total de materia verde fue similar en el tratamiento control y compost (3,8 y 3,9 ton/ha/corte), superados por los purines y la urea (5,7 y 7,5 ton/ha/corte, respectivamente). No hubo diferencias significativas (p>0.05) en la concentración de materia seca (19,7 a 21,6%), mientras que el rendimiento de materia seca fue significativamente mayor (p<0.001) en la urea (1,2 ton/ha/corte), seguido por los purines y compost (0,9 y 0,7 ton/ha/corte, respectivamente). El tratamiento con urea presentó los mayores rendimientos y las mejores características nutricionales del pasto seguido del tratamiento con purines, que se presenta como una alternativa viable de fertilización orgánica para ser utilizada en el pasto estrella africana.
Caracterización de canales ovinas en el mercado costarricense para la generación de una escala visual de clasificación
Authors: Montero-Salas Daniela , Chacón-Villalobos Alejandro , Rodríguez-Campos Luis Alejandro
Published: April 2022

Cada día, el sector ovino nacional está en búsqueda de mejorar la calidad de carne producida; sin embargo, en esta industria del país no existe un sistema de clasificación estándar para las canales ovinas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las características morfométricas de canales ovinas para generar una herramienta visual práctica que permita conceptualizar un modelo estandarizado de canal comercial para el mercado costarricense. La investigación tuvo lugar entre enero y diciembre del 2019, en tres plantas de procesamiento de ovinos, ubicadas en Las Nubes de Coronado, Balsa de Atenas y en Miramar de Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Se muestrearon 95 canales de distintas razas, edades y procedencias; midiendo peso vivo, canal caliente, rendimiento en canal, sexo, edad dentaria, conformación muscular, grosor de grasa dorsal en canales calientes y frías, y cobertura de grasa. Se tomaron muestras de carne y fotografías para su análisis. En promedio, los animales presentaron un peso vivo de 38,3kg al sacrificio, la canal caliente pesó 17,2kg, el rendimiento a canal fue de 45% y grosor de grasa subcutánea de 7,1mm. Al cuantificar color con la escala CIELab, se obtuvieron promedios de 40,57 (L*), 13,12 (a*) y 17,32 (b*). Al asociar la edad con los resultados, se obtuvo una correlación baja y negativa para L* (r=-0.32) y b* (r=-0.215), y no se encontró asociación con a* (r=0.04). La diferencia entre el “grosor de grasa” en canales calientes y frías en el 18,9% del total de canales fue de 0,18cm en promedio. Luego se realizó una regresión lineal (R2=0.79); no obstante, la muestra es pequeña. Se propuso una herramienta visual conformada por tres dimensionesutilizando la canal caliente, el grosor y la cobertura de grasa, constituyéndose en una guía para mejorar el producto final y como modelo estandarizado de canales para exportación.
Gallbladder polyp in children – a rare finding during ultrasound examination
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Yankov Ivan ,   Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University Hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Boyanov Nikola ,   Second Department of Surgical Diseases, University Hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Aleksova Lyubka ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Ivanov Biser ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Moshekov Evgeniy ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Chatalbashev Dimitar ,   Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University Hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Stefanova Penka ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Published: April 2022

Gallbladder polyps are a relatively rare finding in children. The increased use of high-resolution ultrasound in childhood allows to detect gallbladder lesions in young patients. A precise diagnosis can be established using different imaging series. Abdominal contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination provides the most accurate imaging information about the nature and size of the lesion. This is important for further decisions regarding patient referral for cholecystectomy. The object of this study was to present a case of gallbladder polyp diagnosed and followed up by contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
Regionally unique lichens of the ukrainian carpathians and perspectives of their protection
Authors: Kondratyuk S. Y. , Popova L. P. , Kondratiuk A. S. , Lőkös L. , Danylyk I. M.
Published: April 2022

The Carpathian Mts, showing the highest lichen biodiversity in Ukraine, i.e. 1,395 species of 2,106 of the total Ukrainian lichens, have been found to contain the highest proportion of regionally unique taxa (i.e. so far recorded only from the Carpathian Mts) (i.e. 551 species, or 39.5% of the Carpathian and 26.2% of the total Ukrainian lichen flora). Species diversity of widely distributed lichens (i.e. which hitherto known from all five macroregions of Ukraine), as well as ‘scarcely distributed’ lichens (i.e. missing at least in one or more macroregions) are also discussed. Representation of these three groups of lichens in the geomorphological districts of the Carpathian Mts and the administrative oblasts Zakarpattia, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi is shown.

The Chornohora Mts, a district of the Carpathian Mts, found to show the highest proportion of species so far recorded from this district of the Carpathian Mts, while the Eastern Beskydy and the Gorgany Mts are characterised hitherto by the highest species diversity of lichens. That is established that among geomorphological districts of Zakarpattia oblast, the Eastern Beskydy and the Gorgany Mts parts of Zakarpattia oblast territory are characterised by the highest number of species of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi in the Carpathian macroregion (674 and 611 species, respectively), and the proportion of regionally unique taxa in these two florae is also the highest (483 species or 71.6% and 453 species or 74.1%, respectively). Lichens of the Chyvchyn Mts of Ivano-Frankivsk oblast are found to be the most diverse in this oblast (344 species totally), and they include the highest proportion of regionally unique taxa (171 species or 49.7%). The Eastern Beskydy Mts, part of Lviv oblast territory, the only part of this oblast in the Carpathian Mts, are found to be represented by 224 lichen species of which 32 (i.e. 14.3%) are regionally unique to the Carpathian Mts.

List of the rarest taxa of the regionally unique group (hitherto known from single or a few localities) proposed as candidates for including to regional red lists of Zakarpattia, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi oblasts since the whole nature protection activity in Ukraine is done according to oblast division. 254 lichen species are proposed for including in the red list of Zakarpattia oblast, while 44, 4 and 9 species in the red lists of Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Chernivtsi oblasts, respectively. The smallest amount of these taxa is proposed for the red list of Lviv oblast, which includes also the Forest zone of the Ukrainian Plains.
East African bryophytes XXXIII. Campylopoideae (Leucobryaceae, Musci) from the Indian Ocean Islands
Authors: Pócs T.
Published: April 2022

This paper contains 142 Campylopoideae records from 10 collecting trips of the author with his colleagues in the East African islands. Among the 27 taxa 15 records were new to a certain island, of which 4 were known before only from continental Africa. With these the known number of species on the Indian Ocean islands raises from 30 to 34. Observations on the ecology, distribution and illustrations of most species are also given.
Recycling rare earths: Perspectives and recent advances
Authors: Fujita Yoshiko , McCall Scott K. , Ginosar Daniel
Published: April 2022

Rare-earth element (REE) demand is expected to increase by a factor of up to 7 by 2040. Recycling avoids the significant hurdles associated with opening new mines, but collection and disassembly of REE-containing devices are barriers. Absolute and relative abundances of REEs and co-occurring constituents differ significantly in secondary compared to primary sources, presenting challenges and opportunities. REE concentrations are typically low, but manufactured devices include only the desired REE, avoiding the “REE balance problem” that besets natural ores. Fewer REEs need to be separated, as compared to separation of the entire lanthanide series. Co-recovery of precious (e.g., Au, Ag, Pt) or base metals (e.g., Cu, Sn, Zn) from e-wastes can offset recycling costs. Some examples of recently developed approaches for REE extraction and separation are presented here, with an emphasis on methods offering environmental benefits such as lower toxic chemical usage and reduced energy costs.

Graphical abstract
Incidence and Distribution of New Renal Cell Carcinoma Cases: 27-Year Trends from a Statewide Cancer Registry
Authors: Alzubaidi Ahmad N. , Sekoulopoulos Stephen , Pham Jonathan , Walter Vonn , Fuletra Jay G. , Raman Jay D.
Published: April 2022

Nationwide databases have implicated an increased incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The Pennsylvania (PA) Cancer Registry was queried to better define incidence, geographic distribution, and statewide trends of new RCC cases over a 27-year period. JoinPoint Trend Analysis Software modeled average annual percent changes (APCs) in age-adjusted rates (AAR). Maps plotting county-level incidence rates and stage distribution of disease across the state in 5-year time intervals were created using R 4.0.2 software. Overall, 59,628 cases of RCC were recorded in PA from 1990 to 2017. Eighty six percent of patients were >50 years of age, 61% were males, and 89% were Caucasian. Stage distribution using the SEER staging system included 64% local, 17% regional, and 16% distant. Over the study interval, AAR of all RCC cases increased from 9.9 to 18.0 patients per 100,000 population with an APC of 2.3% (p < 0.01). AAR of local disease increased from 5.4 to 12.7 patients per 100,000 population with an APC of 3.2% (p < 0.01). AAR of regional disease also increased from 1.9 to 2.9 patients per 100,000 population with an APC of 1.0% (p = 0.01). Younger patients (<50 years) had a greater rate of increase than older counterparts (APC 3.8% vs. 2.0%, p < 0.05). Geospatial investigation of new RCC cases noted certain geographic concentrations of greater disease incidence. The incidence of RCC in PA has increased over the past 27 years in PA. One-third of the cases are regional or metastatic at presentation and rates of increase were most notable in younger patients.
Features of Gastrointestinal Malformations in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Literature Review
Authors: Suleymanova Zoya Y. , Ustinova Natalia V. , Turti Tatiana V.
Published: April 2022

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by heterogeneity and high variability in severity of mental, neurological, and somatic symptoms. Such gastrointestinal malformations as abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux, nutritional disorders, intestinal microbiota disorders are common in autistic children. The association between the severity of gastrointestinal malformations and the severity of behavioral symptoms in ASDs was revealed. Early diagnosis and assessment of gastrointestinal malformations in ASDs is crucial for their further correction to optimize nutrition, to develop individual complex treatment and management with the involvement of multidisciplinary specialists.
Submarine slope failure due to overpressure fluid associated with gas hydrate dissociation
Authors: Nian Ting-kai , Song Xiao-long , Zhao Wei , Jiao Hou-bin , Guo Xing-sen
Published: April 2022

The dissociation of gas hydrates can increase pore pressures greatly, thereby causing the shallow layers of submarine slopes to fail. Given the high failure risk of shallow subsea soils, it is important to understand the stratum response mechanisms after hydrate dissociation. In this paper, submarine slope failure triggered by overpressure fluid associated with gas hydrate dissociation is investigated in laboratory experiments. A two-layer geological model is built based on actual geological data, and pressurised air is injected into the model to simulate the overpressure fluid. The pore pressures, surface displacements and internal deformations of soils are measured and compared under different conditions, and their evolution processes are analysed for various parameter values. The results show that the accumulation of pore pressure increases with the thickness of the soil layer and leads to layered fractures. The failure pattern can be generalised into two types: (a) disc-shaped failure and (b) penetration failure. In disc-shaped failure, a major failure occurs when the shear stress reaches the shear strength, whereas tensile fracturing is a major effect in penetration failure. This achievement is very important for a deep understanding of submarine landslides induced by overpressure fluid, as well as for risk assessments of ocean engineering sites.
Environmental impacts of drilled shafts in sand
Authors: Lee Mina , Basu Dipanjan
Published: April 2022

Geotechnical constructions involve consumption of a vast amount of non-renewable natural resources and energy- and carbon dioxide-intensive materials (e.g. cement and steel) that contribute significantly to global warming and climate change. This paper uses drilled shafts as an example to illustrate the importance of environmental impact assessment in the design phase of foundations. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is used to quantify the environmental impacts of construction of single drilled shafts and groups embedded in sandy soil profiles. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effects of soil properties, design parameters and hauling distances of construction materials and equipment on the environmental impacts of single drilled shafts. For pile groups, different configurations, applied load, centre-to-centre spacing and thickness of pile cap are considered in the parametric study. The global warming impact and human toxicity of a typical drilled shaft are found to be 39 and 486% of annual world impact per person, respectively. Based on the study, charts and tables are developed that may be used for quick estimation of the global warming impact of drilled shafts without the use of specialised LCA software programs.
Accessing the availability of inverse scope in German in the covered box paradigm
Authors: Fanselow Gisbert , Zimmermann Malte , Philipp Mareike
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the results of a novel experimental approach to relative quantifier scope in German that elicits data in an indirect manner. Applying the covered-box method (Huang et al. 2013) to scope phenomena, we show that inverse scope is available to some extent in the free constituent order language German, thereby validating earlier findings on other syntactic configurations in German (Radó & Bott 2018) and empirical claims on other free constituent order languages (Japanese, Russian, Hindi), as well as recent corpus findings in Webelhuth (2020). Moreover, the results of the indirect covered-box experiment replicate findings from an earlier direct-query experiment with comparable target items, in which participants were asked directly about the availability of surface scope and inverse scope readings. The configuration of interest consisted of canonical transitive clauses with deaccented existential subject and universal object QPs, in which the restriction of the universal QP was controlled for by the context.
Modern financial technologies as a significant factor of digitalization of the Russian economics
Authors: Kharitonova N. A. , Kharitonova E. N. , Litvinov I. A.
Published: April 2022

In continuation of the article “Conceptual foundations for the use of modern financial technologies in the Russian industry the authors summarized the open-source data devoted to using modern financial technologies for successful digitalization of the Russian economics. The authors study initiatives of the Government of the Russian Federation presented as part of the National Program “Digital Economics of the Russian Federation”. The initiatives are devoted to the issues of implementation of modern financial technology (FinTech). The authors also analyze the dynamics and structure of financing six federal projects included into the National Digitalization Program. Among multiple projects of the above mentioned National Program they distinguish the initiatives connected with active development of FinTech. Analyzing the results of the National Digitalization program during the first three years of its implementation (2019-2021) it is possible to establish significant impact of modern financial technologies on the digitalization of the Russian economics. The authors consider the state of the regulatory and legislative framework regarding the issues of implementation of modern financial technologies into the national economy in three directions: an enhanced qualified electronic signature, turnover of digital financial assets and the Bank of Russia's regulatory sandbox. The authors summarized characteristics of various directions of the FinTech Association's activity in Russia. The Association has taken on the role of a coordinator in the sphere of development of methodology and promotion of modern financial technologies. The authors introduce a set of tools for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of economic processes subject to the use of financial technologies in various fields. It is advisable to assess the impact of “Fin Tech” on the indicators that characterize financial and economic activity of a company (or a group of companies): from the “revenue” to “weighted average cost of the company's capital” and “the company's economic value added”.
Marketing efficiency in banking: concept, trends, key indicators
Authors: Matveenko M. A. , Gerasimenko V. V.
Published: April 2022

Increasing the marketing efficiency is an acute problem in the conditions of competition in the modern market of goods and services. Understanding the significance of marketing efficiency helps companies identify the priorities in developing a market policy. This explains the necessity to find ways to optimize it. The authors of the article present a study of marketing efficiency in banking, defining the basic trends and key indicators. They analyze the activity of banking services market and show the significance of using digital technologies in modern conditions. The authors take into consideration the fact that the marketing efficiency can be characterized as a function of improving a market policy by experts in order to optimize the resources used for achieving higher indicators both for short-term and long-term strategic goals. The topicality and novelty of the article are connected with identifying the pandemic's influence on marketing policy in banking. Increasing marketing efficiency will facilitate both the optimization of setting the priorities in companies' market policies and improvement of the quality of marketing resources to maximize the revenue.
Analyzing strategic global and national trends in financing infrastructure for small innovative businesses
Authors: Gavrilina D. N.
Published: April 2022

All over the world development of small innovative businesses (startups) is connected with the high level of risk, and thus, there is acute shortage of financial resources at the early and later stages of functioning of these enterprises. Revealing and analyzing strategic trends and patterns of development of financing infrastructure of small innovative businesses is an important stage of building a strategy and it will afterwards make it possible to obtain strategic opportunities and neutralize potential threats to this market of capital. The article presents analysis of strategic development trends of the venture investment market. The results of the analysis are used as the basis for strategic trends of development of the market of angel investment, grants and instruments of attracting financial resources of the “new money” such as crowdfunding and crowdlending. The author of the article has conducted a study of strategic trends of development of financing infrastructure of small innovative businesses at a global and national levels. The study will allow further identification of opportunities and threats and formation of strategic priorities for developing this market of capital.