bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reason of Performing Code-switching and Code-mixing in Indonesian – English by the Elite People in Makassar
Authors: Baharuddin Baharuddin
Published: October 2022

This article aimed at finding out reasons of code switching by the elite people. The data were obtained through questionnaire. The population was the elite people in Makassar who were divided into five groups namely doctors, government officials, lawyers, lecturers, and politicians living in Makassar. There were 100 conversation produced by 25 respondents. Those 25 respondents were asked to complete a questionnaire about their reason in codeswitching. The analysis of data in this research was carried out through the following the procedures: (1) The data were classified based on the criteria of reason (2)  The discourse of code switching reasons was tabulated (3) The reasons of code switching were described. The result show that in term of the reasons of code switching, it is found three reasons; practicality of English, good ability of English, and lack of Indonesian expressions
Students Perception towards English Online Classroom Via Zoom During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Halim Shanty
Published: October 2022

This study aimed at determining the perceptions of English Language Education students of Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang on English Learning class via Zoom during the Covid-19 pandemic. The qualitative descriptive method was carried out by distributing questionnaires using Google Form to 45 English online classrooms students at Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang after completing the learning process for 3 months. The results of this study show that (1) the use of Zoom application provides new experiences in online learning activities, (2) students can easily operate some of the Zoom application features, (3) the learning process expects students to use the Zoom application, (4) the Zoom application is one of the e-learning tools that can support online learning activities continuously, (5) the use of Zoom application because the classmates agree to use the Zoom application, and (6) students can use the Zoom application easily in carrying out of online learning activities.
Lexical and Syntactical Errors Performed by Junior High School Student in Writing Descriptive Text
Authors: Masruddin Masruddin , Nasriandi Nasriandi
Published: October 2022

This study analysis the junior high school student’s lexical and syntactical errors in writing descriptive. This research applied qualitative research method. The source of data taken from the students writing. Those descriptive text were analyzed by classifying the error from two types of errors namely Lexical errors and syntactical errors. From this study, the researcher found lexical errors such as wrong spelling, false friend, the use of Indonesian word (code switching). While the syntactical errors namely error in pronoun, plurals, the use verb tense.
Patrimonio Funerario en la Ruta Libertadora. Pre - inventario del Inmueble Religioso “Cementerio Municipal de Chivatá”
Authors: Niño Caballero Fredy Alexánder
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo enseña una investigación sobre un objeto arquitectónico funerario ubicado sobre la ruta libertadora en Boyacá, el cementerio municipal de Chivatá, al que se le realizo un proceso de inventario para reconocer su valor patrimonial y cultural. Con base a un enfoque descriptivo, cualitativo y cuantitativo, se empleó una metodología investigativa para abordar bienes inmuebles de interés cultural que, conllevo a recolectar y analizar información de fuentes primarias y secundarias afines a reconocer y conservar valores patrimoniales. La arquitectura funeraria posee un valor cultural inherente gracias a su papel como manifestación tangible de las creencias que se han desarrollado y transformado en torno al significado de la muerte, a largo de la historia humana; aun así, estos espacios en la actualidad atraviesan una situación de olvido y desprotección. Para mitigar esta realidad, es necesario incentivar procesos de revalorización que posibiliten conjeturar estrategias para resignificar el valor de estos inmuebles con el fin de preservar su legado cultural; por lo cual, se plantea una propuesta de intervención sobre el objeto estudio con la cual buscar dichos fines.
Retos de Colombia para el 2030
Authors: Romero Roncancio Carolina
Published: October 2022

Este texto, en primer lugar, revisa los avances y retos de Colombia en torno a los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM), de acuerdo con el documento Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, informe 2015. En segundo lugar, presenta los retos que se tienen, de acuerdo con el Informe Anual de Avance en la implementación de los ODS en Colombia 2021, para alcanzar el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 13 (“Adoptar medidas urgentes para combatir el cambio climático y sus efectos”).
Ciudades intermedias e infraestructura urbana: perspectiva y prospectiva para Tunja, Colombia, 2022
Authors: Quintero González Julián Rodrigo
Published: October 2022

Las ciudades intermedias presentan características de escala, desarrollo y crecimiento urbano espacial, dinámicas económicas y comerciales, así como aspectos de administración y servicios que dan a aquellas un carácter estructurador dentro del territorio; este conjunto de atributos hace de las ciudades intermedias un escenario favorable para el desarrollo urbano sostenible en todas sus dimensiones. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto trazar las estrategias necesarias para el desarrollo urbano sostenible en la ciudad de Tunja, en Colombia. La metodología se enfoca en el análisis descriptivo cualitativo de las infraestructuras urbanas actualmente disponibles, para lo cual se propone como criterio una clasificación de elementos de la infraestructura urbana por sistemas de ciudad: físico, ambiental, social, económico e institucional. Los resultados revelan grandes carencias en el desarrollo de las infraestructuras urbanas en la ciudad, para lo cual se bosquejan planes y acciones de desarrollo urbano sostenible. Se concluye que el carácter dinámico de la ciudad intermedia implica un análisis holístico de las infraestructuras urbanas, que para el caso de la ciudad de Tunja plantea la necesidad urgente de materializar los planes y acciones propuestos.
Developing advanced therapeutics through the study of naturally occurring immune-mediated ocular disease in domestic animals
Authors: Gilger Brian C.
Published: October 2022

This review, which is part of the “Currents in One Health” series, describes the importance of the study of immune-mediated ocular disease in the development of innovative therapeutics, such as cell and gene therapy for the eye. Recent examples of cell and gene therapy studies from the author’s laboratory are reviewed to emphasize the importance of One Health initiatives in developing innovative therapies for ocular diseases. Spontaneous immune-mediated corneal disease is common in horses, cats, dogs, and humans. Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) injected subconjunctivally resulted in the resolution of naturally occurring immune-mediated keratitis (IMMK) without adverse effects. These results support that autologous subconjunctival BM-MSC therapy may be a viable treatment alternative for IMMK. Furthermore, the use of subconjunctival MSCs may be an effective method to treat ocular surface immune-mediated diseases in humans and other species, including herpetic stromal keratitis and immunologic dry eye disease. Furthermore, the use of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to deliver the immunosuppressive transgene cDNA of equine interleukin 10 (eqIL-10) or human leukocyte antigen G injected intravitreally was shown to be safe and inhibited the development of uveitis in the experimental autoimmune uveitis rat model. Efficacy and safety studies of ocular gene therapy in models will pave the way for clinical trials in animals with naturally occurring immune-mediated diseases, such as a therapeutic clinical trial for AAV-eqIL-10 in horses with equine recurrent uveitis.
A Review of Probiotic Applications in Poultry: Improving Immunity and Having Beneficial Effects on Production and Health
Authors: Yousaf Shumaila , Nouman Hafiz Muhammad , Ahmed Ibrar , Husain Sabir , Waseem Muhammad , Nadeem Shahid , Tariq Muhammad , Sizmaz Ozge , Chudhry Muhammad Farhan Zafar
Published: October 2022

A new class of feed additives and nutritional supplements, known as probiotics, include bacterial, fungal, and yeast cultures from various sources. Overall, probiotics are believed to promote the health and well-being of animals, birds, and humans in a variety of settings. Incorporating probiotics into the diets of cattle and poultry has been demonstrated to improve growth, feed conversion efficiency, immunological responses, and the animal's ability to manage enteric infections. The use of probiotic-enriched chicken feed has been shown to enhance egg production by as much as 30% among laying chickens. Probiotics may be used to fight off harmful microorganisms, create antibacterial compounds (such as bacteriocins or colicins), and alter the immunological response of the host, according to the National Institutes of Health. Pathogenic microbial strains such as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Aspergillus, and Saccharomyces are employed in the making of chicken products. The use of subtherapeutic doses of antimicrobial agents, including antibiotics, to combat or remove harmful bacteria and promote animal growth and feed efficiency has resulted in the accumulation of antibiotic residues in animal feed as well as the emergence of drug-resistant microbes in the feed supply chain. As a result of public health concerns, there has been a renewed emphasis on the use of probiotics in chicken production rather than antibiotics in recent years. This research examines the effects of probiotics and direct-fed microorganisms (DFM) on chicken health and performance, with a particular emphasis on the favourable effects they have on poultry health and performance.
ФЕНОМЕН СВОБОДЫ В РАБОТЕ «АНТИ-ЭДИП» Ж. ДЕЛЕЗА И Ф. ГВАТТАРИ
Authors: СМОЛЯК Алексей Владимирович
Published: October 2022

В статье рассматривается специфика осмысления феномена свободы Жилем Делезом и Феликсом Гваттари в книге «Анти-Эдип. Капитализм и шизофрения». Автор фокусирует внимание на критике философских, психологических, политических и социальных феноменов, ограничивающих, по мнению Ж. Делеза и Ф. Гваттари, свободу индивида, а также описывает и анализирует программу этического и эпистемологического освобождения индивида, предложенную в книге, и ее ключевые концепты (тело-без-органов, желающие машины, желающее производство, паранойяльное, шизофреническое).Ключевые слова: философия постмодерна, свобода, Ж. Делез, Ф. Гваттари, Анти-Эдип, тело-без-органов, шизофрения
ОБУЧЕНИЕ КИТАЙЦЕВ В США И «БОКСЕРСКАЯ КОНТРИБУЦИЯ»
Authors: ЛАПИН Павел Андреевич
Published: October 2022

В конце ХIХ – начале ХХ вв. китайские власти наладили командирование своих учащихся за рубеж для обучения в иностранных учебных заведениях. Приобретенные теоретические знания и практические умения имелось в виду использовать в интересах реализации в империи реформ, в том числе в области национального образования. Весьма привлекательными для цинской администрации с точки зрения образовательных возможностей являлись США, где первые группы китайских учащихся появились еще в 1870-х гг. В статье рассматривается организация командирования китайских студентов в США в начале ХХ в., осуществлявшаяся в рамках снижения объемов так называемой «боксерской контрибуции», которую Китай после восстания ихэтуаней был обязан выплачивать иностранным державам, включая США.Ключевые слова: история образования, Цинская империя, китайские студенты, США, «боксерская контрибуция
ТВОРЧЕСКИЙ МЕТОД А.Л. ГОРБУНКОВА: ИЗ ОПЫТА РАБОТЫ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ХУДОЖНИКА С ЧУКОТСКО-ЭСКИМОССКИМИ КОСТОРЕЗАМИ ПЕРВОЙ ТРЕТИ ХХ в.
Authors: ШУЛЬГИНА Ольга Михайловна
Published: October 2022

Статья посвящена работе с чукотско-эскимосскими народными мастерами, проводившейся в 1930-е гг. А.Л. Горбунковым – художником, искусствоведом, сотрудником Научно-исследовательского института художественной промышленности. При нем чукотский косторезный промысел перешел на качественно новый уровень, превратившись из простого сезонного сувенироделания в самостоятельное постоянное производство, приобрел характерные стилевые черты, которые сохраняются в чукотско-эскимосском косторезном искусстве и в настоящее время. Опираясь на дневниковые записи А.Л. Горбункова, автор исследует методы взаимодействия профессионального художника и народных мастеров Чукотки, практиковавшиеся в чукотских косторезных мастерских.Ключевые слова: А.Л. Горбунков, творческий метод, косторезное искусство, народы Крайнего Севера.
БУДДИЙСКИЕ РАССКАЗЫ КАМО-НО ТЁМЭЯ О МИРЯНАХ И МИРСКИХ СТРАСТЯХ
Authors: ТРУБНИКОВА Надежда Николаевна
Published: October 2022

«Сборник рассказов о пробуждении сердца» Камо-но Тёмэя («Хоссинсю:», начало XIII в.) содержит истории не только о праведных монахах, но и о мирянах – от знатных столичных чиновников до простолюдинов. На их примерах показано, как сама обыденная жизнь подталкивает человека к «бегству от мира», ко вступлению на буддийский путь. Речь может идти и о страданиях, природных и общественных бедствиях, и о неутоленных страстях – любви, жажде славы, богатства, и о вполне благополучном существовании, когда оно вдруг раскрывается для человека во всем своем бессмысленном непостоянстве. Пробудить сердце человека может что угодно, и в этом смысле мирянин и монах равны: ни ученость, ни даже прилежное следование заповедям не мешают сердцу дремать в неведении; ни страсти, ни грехи не мешают пробудиться. Но если сердце однажды пробудилось, то лучший путь для человека после этого – стать отшельником. В приложении к статье приводится перевод одного из рассказов сборника – «О том, как сын Нарикиё, второго заместителя наместника, поселился на горе Коя», выполненный автором.Ключевые слова: японский буддизм, сэцува, Камо-но Тёмэй, «Хоссинсю:»
ПРАВОВАЯ КУЛЬТУРА ЕВРОПЫ И РОССИИ В ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ СЛАВЯНОФИЛОВ
Authors: ЕМЕЛЬЯНОВ Борис Владимирович , ИОНАЙТИС Ольга Борисовна
Published: October 2022

Начало XIX в. – это время, когда вопросы о праве, правовой культуре, юридическом образовании, обновлении правовой системы стали активно обсуждаться в России. Cвое оригинальное место в этом обсуждении заняли славянофилы. В статье рассматриваются взгляды представителей этого течения отечественной общественной мысли на мировоззренческие основания русской правовой культуры в сравнении с культурой западноевропейской, а также характерные черты правосознания, свойственного русскому обществу.Ключевые слова: русская философия, европейская философия, философия права, славянофилы
СВЕРХЪЕСТЕСТВЕННОСТЬ МОРАЛЬНОГО СОЗНАНИЯ В ФИЛОСОФИИ М. МАМАРДАШВИЛИ
Authors: ГАСПАРЯН Диана Эдиковна
Published: October 2022

В статье рассматриваются ключевые сюжеты этической философии М. Мамардашвили, в которой, несмотря на акцент, сделанный на роли человека, речь идет о сверхчеловеческом происхождении этической интуиции и морального сознания. Ценности и идеалы порождаются вне человека, но присваиваются им надежно и безусловно. Природа этого присвоения парадоксальна, так как предполагает свободное подчинение. Человек схватывает идеалы добровольно, но берет на себя обязательство абсолютного следования им. В основе морального сознания лежит представление об абсолютных ценностях, абсолютность которых проистекает не из страха наказания, не из предвкушения награды, не из неосознанного инстинкта или силы привычки. Абсолютность морального следования проистекает из осознанного и свободного принятия на себя невозможности мыслить и действовать по-другому. Отсутствие свободы перечеркнуло бы всякое ожидание этического поведения и моральной оценки. Равно отсутствие интуиции абсолютности нарушило бы логику в самом понятии «ценности» и «ценного». Поэтому для рождения морального сознания необходимо, чтобы свобода, осознанность, абсолютное следование ценностям сошлись воедино.Ключевые слова: М. Мамардашвили, феноменология, этика, смысл, сознание
Antibacterial Activity of Green Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Abed Suha Maher , Mahmood Yumna Shakir , Waheed Ibrahim Fahad , Alwan Ammar Mohammad
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Aloe vera. Initially, bacteria were collected from clinical samples of patients having otitis media infection and the isolates were identified at the species level following biochemical tests. Copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared by green synthesis using Aloe vera leaves and characterized using UV- visible spectroscopy at 260 nm peak. The shape and size were determined by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the dimensions of the particles were more precisely determined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Different concentrations of nanoparticles (25-50-75-100 µg/ml) were tested for antibacterial activity by using the well diffusion method. The results showed that the shape of CuO NPs was spherical with a size range of 40-10 0nm. The TEM images revealed average of dimensions of 32.34, 35.63, 51.85, 74.71 and 100 nm. The antibacterial activity results of the nanoparticles showed the following growth zone inhibition values for the different bacterial species used: Staphylococci aureus 17.1 mm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 17 mm, Escherichia coli 16.8mm, Staphylococci epidermidis 16.4mm, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans 15.3mm, Klebsiella pneumonia 13.5mm, Citrobacter freundii 12.7mm, Enterobacter Cloacae 12.2 mm, Proteus vulgaris 8mm, Concerning the virulence factor production, the nanoparticle inhibited the production of biofilm and urease more than other virulence factors, such as gelatinase, hemolysin, protease and lecithinase, by some Gram negative and positive bacterial isolates.
Diffuse Thyroid Uptake in FDG PET/ CT Scan cCan Predict Subclinical Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Hasan Mustafa R. , Kadam Satar M. , Essa Samar I.
Published: October 2022

Background: 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) has established itself in the field of oncology and it is useful in the initial staging and follow-up of a variety of malignancies. Significant thyroid uptake is often identified as an accidental finding on whole-body positron emission tomography for non-thyroid disease.
Aim of this study: to investigate the effect of 18F-FDG on thyroid gland function after performing PET scan compared to thyroid function prior to scan.
Materials and Methods:  43 subjects who had an 18F-FDG PET scan as part of a cancer screening program participated in this study. All cancers  are diagnosed using 18F-FDG, except for prostate cancer, brain cancer and neuro-endocrine tumors, which  are diagnosed using Ga-68. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured.
Results: Clinical information and results of thyroid function tests were available for 43 patients. Twenty- three out of 43 patients (53.48%) had abnormally high TSH levels with incident hypothyroidism, while 20 out of 43 patients (46.51%) had abnormally low TSH levels with incident hyperthyroidism, and the association was significant (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Thyroid hormone abnormality is strongly associated with the degree of diffuse thyroid uptake on 18F-FDG PET. As a result, an autoimmune process could be the most likely pathological cause of diffuse thyroid uptake.
Determination of Electrons Temperature and Density For Ag, Zn, and Cu metals using Plasma jet System at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Jihad Ghaith H. , Aadim Kadhim A.
Published: October 2022

Under atmospheric pressure, an argon plasma stream was sustained and its plasma characteristics were examined. The emission spectra of plasma created in a plasma jet system using argon gas were observed for three metals (Ag, Zn, and Cu) for the anode and varied flow rates ranging from 1–4 L/min. at constant voltage, and normal atmospheric pressure. The spectral lines of excited Ar, Ag, Zn, and Cu species were identified at a wavelength of (650–900) nm .The Debye length, sphere, and temperature of an electron are all measured. Optical emission spectrometer (OES) equipment was used to capture the spectrum produced by the plasma at various argon gas flow rates.The temperature and density of the electron (Te) and (ne) ranges for Ar-gas, Ag, Zn, and Cu-anode increased as the stream pace of argon gas to the plasma made by the release current (D.C.) expanded.(1.241- 1.473)eV and (1.93 x1018–6.38 x1018 ) cm-3 , (1.187– 1.245) eV and  (4.32 x1016–6.23 x1016 ) cm-3 , (1.374 -1.631)eV and (4.01 x1018 – 12.1 x1018 ) cm-3 respectively . The intensity of spectral lines, on the other hand, increased.
Screening, Extraction, and Quantification of Melatonin in Waste of Some Plants
Authors: Hasan Hathama Razooki , Zainulabdeen Jwan Abdulmohsin
Published: October 2022

Environmental pollution is one of the world's biggest problems, and plant waste is one of its causes. For this reason, we have tried in this work to take advantage of this waste and benefit from it instead of being one of the pollutants. Seven dry waste from different plants (bitter orange peels, pomegranate peels, bitter orange leaves, Ziziphus leaves, albizia leaves, waste of black tea, and zahidi date palm fibers) were tested as cheap source of melatonin )MLT), which is a very important indoleamine compound. Throughout the current study, this hormone was extracted from these plants’ waste (which are considered as environmental pollutants) by applying different modified methods, whereby melatonin was identified and quantified by the HPLC-fluorescence system at The National Center for Drug Control and Researches (NCD).  The results indicated the presence of different concentrations of melatonin in this waste. Bitter orange peels are a rich source of this hormone (868.868 µg melatonin /gm dried peel) in comparison to the other tested waste, followed by the waste of black tea (164.333 µg melatonin /gm waste). The results also showed the presence of trace concentrations of melatonin in Ziziphus leaves and Zahid date palms’ fibers. This work provides a cheap source of MLT, it is a recycling method for plant waste.
A Prototype of Obstacle Avoidance for Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Khan Burhan , Nizamani Sehrish , Kazi Nabeel Hussain , Nizamani Saad , Nizamani Sarwat
Published: October 2022

Obstacle avoidance is one of the major tasks needed to be carefully focused by the autonomous system designers. In this digital era, most industries are moving towards autonomous systems. Obstacle avoidance is considered as a primary concern for any autonomous system. In this paper, a prototype of an autonomous vehicle is presented, which is capable of obstacle avoidance using an ultrasonic sensor for its movement and avoidance. An Arduino microcontroller is used to achieve the desired operation. In order to achieve the desired task of the proposed system, a proper methodology is followed which combines appropriate selection of hardware components as well as logic design of actions for obstacle avoidance. The proposed system can easily detect an obstacle, and move accordingly towards the safe path, by first detecting and then verifying the safe path. This can be very useful if implemented in real life.  It can ultimately reduce the chances of accidents of trains and road vehicles which will save lots of lives.  It can also detect broken roads and train tracks, which may result in reducing the chances of accidents to some extent. The accuracy of the autonomous vehicle depends on the output received by the ultrasonic sensor; therefore, it is not affected by the lighting environment. The prototype has been tested in various experimental settings and achieves appropriate results.
A Review of Flow Migration Through Mobile Networks
Authors: Alqaysi Manhal K. , Behadili Suhad Faisal
Published: October 2022

The interesting new sources of data for official statistics are cell phone data. Electronic media has defined the way of research human behavior rapidly over the last decade. As data storage and sensing technology progressed, electronic records now cover a diverse variety of human activities from localized data (phone) to open source contributions on Wikipedia and the Open Area Map. Electronic records now encompass the numerous fields of activity. The ad hoc vehicle network is a research community-based wireless technology for the implementation of intelligent transport applications. It is necessary to estimate migration flows and predict future trends to understand the causes and effects of migration and to enforce policies to deliver certain services. Several studies have exposed in this review with their datasets such as Credit card records (CCRs) provide deep insight into buying behavior; Call Details Records (CDRs) present new possibilities for under-implemented human mobility. Therefore, various forms of transportation and other travel behavior, various travel-related events such as "Home-Tour-Work -Tour-Tour” and the corresponding travel-related motifs have also been distinguished by the inclusion of land use details in the GIS data. This review also investigated migration trips residence between cities and inside a single city. The review concluded clear results for the adoption of the mentioned data, for example, mobile phone data (CDRs), because it is very useful as it provides real big data or real time big data without additional cost and is available in telecommunications companies, from which it is possible to analyze the movement of communities and deduce the activity of a particular city. In the future, there is a tendency to use this type of data from Korek Telecom Company in Iraq to the flow migration of Iraq governorates by using the gravity model.  As well as, an attempt to study the conditions of cities and the movement of individuals in urban places to clarify the needs of the city in its need for new improvements.
Medical Image Compression and Encryption Using Adaptive Arithmetic Coding, Quantization Technique and RSA in DWT Domain
Authors: Hussein Nehad Hameed , Ali Maytham A.
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, the advances in information and communication technologies open the wide door to realize the digital world’s dream. Besides, within the clear scientific scope in all fields, especially the medical field, it has become necessary to harness all the scientific capabilities to serve people, especially in medical-related services. The medical images represent the basis of clinical diagnosis and the source of telehealth and teleconsultation processes. The exchange of these images can be subject to several challenges, such as transmission bandwidth, time delivery, fraud, tampering, modifying, privacy, and more. This paper will introduce an algorithm consisting a combination of compression and encryption techniques to meet such challenges in the medical image field. First, compression is done by applying the Adaptive Arithmetic Coding (AAC) technique and controllable frequency quantization process in the Discrete Wavelet Transform. After that, the encryption process is applied using RSA and SHA-256 algorithms to encrypt the compressed file and to create the digital signature. The performance analysis has shown that the algorithm can produce high compression ratio with good image quality, whereas range of PSNR near 45 dB and SIM is 0.88 as average values. For the security analysis, we have adopted data encryption and digital signature to guarantee the main data security services including integrity, authentication, and confidentiality, making the algorithm secure against passive or active attacks.
Removing of Copper ions from Industrial Wastewater Using Graphene oxide/Chitosan Nanocomposite
Authors: Kadhim Hakim H. , Saleh Khulood A.
Published: October 2022

A simple method was used to create a graphene oxide/chitosan (GO/CS) nanocomposite, which was then used in batch experiments to remove copper ions from industrial wastewater under various conditions of initial concentration, adsorbent weight, pH, and contact time. Maximum removal percentage equal to 99.4 % for initial copper ion concentration of 5x10-2 mol/L at pH 6, time 75 min, temperature 25 °C, and adsorbing dose 0.1 g. The pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm adequately fit the experimental results. The process was spontaneous and endothermic, according to thermodynamic studies.
Determination of the Level of IL-6 and Vaspin in Hyperthyroid Patients Treated with Carbimazole
Authors: Hussein Dina khudhair , Al-Jowari Suha Abdul-Khaliq , Rahmah Abbas Mahdi
Published: October 2022

The level of adipokines (interleukin-6 and vaspin) in hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole drug was determined. Eighty-five male and female participated in this study, with mean age from 20-70 years. They included: negative control group of thirty euthyroid persons represented group 1, twenty-five hyperthyroid patient (positive control) included in the second group and thirty hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole drug for one year or less comprised the third group. By vein puncture, blood was collected, and serum was isolated and preserved at –20 C. Adipokines (interleukin-6 and vaspin) were estimated by using ELISA method. The results demonstrated that the the increase of IL-6 level was highly significant (p<0.01) in hyperthyroid group as compared with euthyroids. But the result showed a significant decrease in vaspin level in hyperthyroid group with treatment as compared with hyperthyroid group. However, there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the level of vaspin in hyperthyroid group with treatment in comparison to euthyroids. Also there was no significant difference in vaspin level in hyperthyroid group with treatment in comparison to hyperthyroid group. These findings suggest that the level of IL-6 increase in hyperthyroid patient and decrease after treatment with carbimazole drug for one year or less. Although vaspin level decreased in hyperthyroid patients, it  decreased even after treatment with carbimazole drug for one year or less.
Topology on Rough Pentapartitioned Neutrosophic Set
Authors: Das Suman , Das Rakhal , Tripathy Binod Chandra
Published: October 2022

The main focus of this article is to introduce the notion of rough pentapartitioned neutrosophic set and rough pentapartitioned neutrosophic topology by using rough pentapartitioned neutrosophic lower approximation, rough pentapartitioned neutrosophic upper approximation, and rough pentapartitioned neutrosophic boundary region. Then, we provide some basic properties, namely operations on rough pentapartitioned neutrosophic set and rough pentapartitioned neutrosophic topology. By defining rough pentapartitioned neutrosophic set and topology, we formulate some results in the form of theorems, propositions, etc. Further, we give some examples to justify the definitions introduced in this article.
Brain MR Images Classification for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Abdulmunem Inas Ali
Published: October 2022

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most prevailing type of dementia. The prevalence of AD is estimated to be around 5% after 65 years old and is staggering 30% for more than 85 years old in developed countries. AD destroys brain cells causing people to lose their memory, mental functions and ability to continue daily activities. The findings of this study are likely to aid specialists in their decision-making process by using patients’ Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to distinguish patients with AD from Normal Control (NC). Performance evolution was applied to 346 Magnetic Resonance images from the Alzheimer's Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) collection. The Deep Belief Network (DBN) classifier was used to fulfill classification function. Weights were used to test the proposed method's recognition capacity, and the network was trained with a sample training set. As a result, this study offeres a new method for identifying Alzheimer's disease utilizing automated categorization. In tests, it performed admirably With 98.46% accuracy achieved for AD and NC studied classes when combining Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features with a DBN.
Gentamicin Variably Affects amrZ and rhl gene Expression in Swarmer Cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Fadhil Khaldoon Hasan , Al-Mathkhury Harith Jabbar Fahad
Published: October 2022

Swarming is one of the most important virulence factors used by bacteria to invade new sites. This study aimed to test the effects of gentamicin on swarming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, both phenotypically and molecularly. The present results revealed that 11/25 isolates had gentamicin MIC of 1024 µg/ml.  However, gentamicin at sub-minimal inhibitory concentration significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the diameter of swarming in all P. aeruginosa isolates. Noticeably the mean and median swarming diameter before treatment with gentamicin 5.557 and 5.816 cm respectively had significantly (P < 0.001) reduced to 0.871 and 0.766 cm respectively. At the molecular level, amrZ (a global regulator of multiple genes) and rhl (responsible for rhamnolipid production) were variably affected by gentamicin. More likely it can be concluded that amrZ and rhl are not fully responsible for swarming in P. aeruginosa isolates.
Association of CTLA-4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Autoimmune Hypothyroidism in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Yassin Alya H. , Al-Kazaz Abdul-Kareem A. , Rahmah Abbas Mahdi , Ibrahim Taha Y.
Published: October 2022

Genetic and environmental factors are believed to have a key role in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). This study aimed to investigate the association between two CTLA-4 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) CT60/rs3087243 and CT61/rs11571319 with autoimmune thyroiditis in a sample of Iraqi patients. Seventy-five patients (67 females, 8 males) and eighty-eight subjects (79 females and 9 males) matched in age, gender, and ethnicity as a control group. Thyroid autoantibodies were present in females more than in males with a total positivity of anti-TPO of 92% and anti-TG positivity of57.3 %. Thyroid evaluation tests including T3, T4, and TSH were abnormal only in patients not receiving L-thyroxine treatment for autoimmune hypothyroidism, while patients on L-treatment and control subjects had normal results of these tests. CTLA-4 genotype frequencies were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) with no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the genotypes of patients and the control group. Analysis of CTLA-4 genotype and allele frequencies in patients and controls indicated the lack of significant differences among these frequencies except for allele G of rs3087243 which was associated significantly (P= 0.032) with the disease with OR of 1.62, while allele A can have a protective effect with OR of 0.66. Alleles of rs11571319 showed no significant  ifferences despite the decreased frequency of G allele (83.33vs.87.5 %) and increased frequency of A allele (16.66vs.12.5%) in patients compared to controls. In conclusion, G allele of rs3087243 can be considered a risk factor for autoimmune hypothyroidism while noassociation was found regarding rs11571319 in the Iraqi population.
Silver Nanoparticles as a selective probe for Mercury Ions: A Review
Authors: Farhan Safana Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Nanochemistry is a significant area which involves the synthesis, design, and manipulation of particle structures with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nanometres. It is now one of the major concerns of pharmaceutical and biological researchers. The current study discusses recent advances in the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a selective sensor for qualitative and colorimetric quantitative detection of mercury ions.   The synthesis of significant noble metal AgNPs is described as a novel, low-cost, quick, and simple method for detecting mercury ions. Due to the seriousness of mercury toxicity to our cells, AgNPs may be successfully employed for the detection of ecologically harmful mercury ions in a wide variety of aqueous practical samples using a colorimetric approach. As a result, as provided in this review with extensive details regarding this analytical approach, it might be utilized to monitor mercury ions via AgNPs in a variety of practical samples.
Adsorption of Biebrich Scarlet Dye into Remains Chromium and Vegetable Tanned Leather as Adsorbents
Authors: AL-Shammari Noor Hussein , AL-Mammar Dunya Edan
Published: October 2022

Chromium tanned leather wastes (CTLW) and vegetable tanned leather wastes (VTLW) were used as adsorbent materials to remove the Biebrich scarlet dye (BS), as an anionic dye from wastewater, using an adsorption method. The effects of various factors, such as weight of leather waste, time of shaking, and the starting concentration of Biebrich scarlet dye, temperature and pH were studied. It described the adsorption process using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The obtained results agreed well with the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacities of CTLW and VTLW were 73.5294 and 78.1250 mg.g⁻¹, respectively, suggesting a monolayer adsorption process. The adsorption kinetic was found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with correlation coefficients R2 > 0.9982 and 0.9900 for CTLW and VTLW, respectively. The results predicted that chromium leather wastes were more suitable adsorbents for the removal of BS dye from wastewater than vegetable tanned leather wastes, and the adsorption process is endothermic, according to the study of the effect of temperature.
Self-adaptive Differential Evolution based Optimized MIMO Beamforming 5G Networks
Authors: Abdulameer Iman Hadi , Al-Dabbagh Rawaa Dawoud
Published: October 2022

The industrial factory is one of the challenging environments for future wireless communication systems, where the goal is to produce products with low cost in short time. This high level of network performance is achieved by distributing massive MIMO that provides indoor networks with joint beamforming that enhances 5G network capacity and user experience as well. Judging from the importance of this topic, this study introduces a new optimization problem concerning the investigation of multi-beam antenna (MBA) coverage possibilities in 5G network for indoor environments, named Base-station Beams Distribution Problem (BBDP). This problem has an extensive number of parameters and constrains including user’s location, required data rate and number of antenna elements. Thus, BBDP can be considered as NP-hard problem, where complexity increases exponentially as its dimension increases. Therefore, it requires a special computing method that can handle it in a reasonable amount of time. In this study, several differential evolution (DE) variants have been suggested to solve the BBDP problem. The results show that among all DE variants the self-adaptive DE (jDE) can find feasible solutions and outperform the classical ones in all BBDP scenarios with coverage rate of 85% and beam diameter of 500 m.
Correlation between Tumor Necrosis Factor–Alfa and Anti-tyrosine Phosphatase with Obesity and Diabetes Type 2
Authors: Ameen Edrees Mohammad , Mohammed Hassan Yaqoob
Published: October 2022

This study was done to find a correlation between adipokines such as tumor necrosis- alpha (TNF-α)  and autoantigens such as anti-tyrosine phosphatase (IA2) with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). For this purpose, one hundred forty adult males were selected. 90 of them were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 50 healthy males). The subjects were divided into four groups. Group 1 had healthy controls with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5-25, group 2 had individuals who suffered from obesity only (BMI above 30), group 3 consisted of diabetes patients and group 4 had individuals who were diagnosed with both obesity and diabetes. The enzyme immunoassay was intended for quantification determination of TNF in serum. The results found a significantly (p≤0.001) higher  concentration of TNF-α  (21.01 ± 1.27 pg/ml) in patients suffering from both obesity and diabetes in comparison with the control (5.33 ± 0.67 pg/ml), obese patients (12.63 ± 1.35 pg/ml) and diabetes patients group (13.32 ± 0.83 pg/ml). Chi-square analysis found a significantly (p≤0.001) higher  prevalence of abnormal TNF-α in males suffering from both obesity and diabetes, 73.33% compared with diabetes non-obese males 31.1%. A  significant positive correlation (p≤0.01) was found between TNF-α with BMI (r= 0.65) and HbA1c (r= 0.57). No significant differences in IA2 concentration were observed between all groups.Also no significant correlation was observed between IA2 with BMI and HbA1c.
The Correlation Between Salmonella typhi Associated Gallstone Formation and Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Al-Sanjary Sahira I.H. , Al-Rawi Amera Mahmood M.
Published: October 2022

The current research focused on the detection of Salmonella typhi and its relationship with the formation of gallstone and gall bladder cancer. Samples were collected from patients aged between 32-67 years (males and females) in Mosul city hospitals. The samples included 30gallbladder fresh tissues from patients suffering from gallstone and 20 formalinfixed-paraffin embedded (FFPE) gallbladder tissue from patients confirmed with gallbladder cancer. The results showed that 33% S. typhi isolates were diagnosed from the tissue samples using conventional methods, biochemical tests and Vitek2. All fresh tissues samples gave positive PCR results for the presence of FliC-d and CdtB genes and 46% positivity for S. typhi compared with conventional methods, 64% for females, 35% for males and 40 % positive in the gallbladder cancer of which 62% were females and 37%males.
Survey of Some Heavy Metals and Radioactivity in the Dust in A Selected Area in Kirkuk Governorate- Northern Iraq
Authors: Khwedim Kareem , Ahmed Muaiad Tahir , Najemalden Mohamed A.
Published: October 2022

Air pollution means the release of pollutants into the atmosphere, which are harmful to human health and the planet as a whole. Almost all air pollutants come from production and energy use. In the present work, an assessment of some heavy metals, natural radioactivity and the quantity of dust fallen in three sites (Tessen, Rahemawa, and Laylan) in Kirkuk Governorate, northern Iraq. Three dust samples were collected from three locations (residential, commercial and industrial areas). The collected samples were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and radioactivity (Gamma rays). The studied heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) exceeded their limits in the atmosphere due to the increase in the number of automobiles, which added pollutants to the atmosphere through the fuel combustion in automobiles. The industrial processes, especially the petroleum industry considered the most dominant in Kirkuk Governorate, and anthropogenic activities also participated. Chromium Cr, Cu and gamma-ray were within the acceptable limits according to the World Nuclear Association (WNA).
Classifying Illegal Activities on Tor Network using Hybrid Technique
Authors: Alshammery Mohammed Khalafallah , Aljuboori Abbas Fadhil
Published: October 2022

With the freedom offered by the Deep Web, people have the opportunity to express themselves freely and discretely, and sadly, this is one of the reasons why people carry out illicit activities there. In this work, a novel dataset for Dark Web active domains known as crawler-DB is presented. To build the crawler-DB, the Onion Routing Network (Tor) was sampled, and then a web crawler capable of crawling into links was built. The link addresses that are gathered by the crawler are then classified automatically into five classes. The algorithm built in this study demonstrated good performance as it achieved an accuracy of 85%. A popular text representation method was used with the proposed crawler-DB crossed by two different supervised classifiers to facilitate the categorization of the Tor concealed services. The results of the experiments conducted in this study show that using the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) word representation with a linear support vector classifier achieves 91% of 5 folds cross-validation accuracy when classifying a subset of illegal activities from crawler-DB, while the accuracy of Naïve Bayes was 80.6%. The good performance of the linear SVC might support potential tools to help the authorities in the detection of these activities. Moreover, outcomes are expected to be significant in both practical and theoretical aspects, and they may pave the way for further research.
Design and implementation of a Deep Learning-based Intelligent Electronic Lock Door Entry Control System
Authors: AL Tameemi Maad Issa
Published: October 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology and smart systems are playing a major role in the advanced developments in the world that take place nowadays, especially in multiple privilege systems. There are many smart systems used in daily human life to serve them and facilitate their tasks, such as alarm systems that work to prevent unwanted events or face detection and recognition systems. The main idea of this work is to capture live video using a connected Pi camera, save it, and unlock the electric strike door in several ways; either automatically by displaying a live video connected via USB webcam using a deep learning algorithm of facial recognition and OpenCV or by RFID technology, as well as by detecting abnormal entrance with a ringing buzzer. In addition, this system is made in Python language and based on the Raspberry pi 4 B model that can be viewed and controlled by connecting to a screen or Wi-Fi locally or publicly over the Internet from any other smart device, such as a laptop or mobile phone, by installing the VNC application or the remote desktop connection application. The results obtained showed the efficiency and performance of this system through remote control to display, detect, and identify the persons who are authorized to permit the electronic lock/unlock door (E-Door) at a relatively low cost with the implementation of many functions in real-time.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene Nanocomposite as Gas Sensor
Authors: Omran Shahad M. , Abdullah Estabraq T. , Al-Zuhairi Omar A.
Published: October 2022

In this work, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite was prepared and hybridized with Graphene (Gr) by the solution casting method.  The morphological and electrical properties were investigated by field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images, portraying a uniform dispersion of graphene within the PVP-MWCNT nanocomposite. The AC conductivity increased from (1.45552) to (2.34812) (Ω cm)-1 with the use of nanocomposite. The increasing continues for the AC conductivity after hybridized with graphene up to (7.20641) (Ω cm)-1. In addition, the performances of the prepared samples for gas sensor application have been investigated. It was seen that the sensitivity analysis portrayed higher value for the nanocomposite hybridized with Gr (S=2.2 and 5.4%) as compared to the pure sample (MWCNTs). Finally, the recovery and response times were increased when the temperature increased due to the increment of the adsorption of the gas that resulted from the free electrons.
O MOVIMENTO SOCIAL NEGRO: SUA ORIGEM E RECONFIGURAÇÃO NA HISTÓRIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Favoreto Aparecida , Silva Alline Camila da , Souza Andressa Débora de Oliveira , Santos Carolaine Souza , Da Motta Rafael Aparecido
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar o Movimento Social Negro, tendo como foco principal a sua história e sua forma de atuação no Brasil. Para tal, com base em um estudo bibliográfico, em uma perspectiva descritiva-analítica, aponta-se alguns personagens e eventos, bem como suas principais demandas, lutas, objetivos e conquistas, na medida em que busca pensar sua perspectiva de transformação social. No geral, aponta-se a luta do Movimento perante as diferenças sociais e o racismo presentes no decorrer da história, bem como busca pensar sobre o papel da educação nos limites e possibilidades sociais. Por fim, destaca-se a importância do Movimento como forma de tomar consciência da complexidade e contradições da sociedade contemporânea.