bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for anastomotic leakage and its impact on survival outcomes in radical multivisceral surgery for advanced ovarian cancer: an AGO-OVAR.OP3/LION exploratory analysis
Authors: Trillsch Fabian , Czogalla Bastian , Mahner Sven , Loidl Verena , Reuss Alexander , du Bois Andreas , Sehouli Jalid , Raspagliesi Francesco , Meier Werner , Cibula David , Mustea Alexander , Runnebaum Ingo B. , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Aletti Giovanni , Kimmig Rainer , Scambia Giovanni , Hilpert Felix , Hasenburg Annette , Wagner Uwe , Harter Philipp
Published: February 2025

Background:

Anastomotic leakage is a significant complication following bowel resection in cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer. Previous studies have highlighted the detrimental effects of anastomotic leakage on patients’ postoperative course. However, there is still a lack of precise identification of the high-risk population and established strategies for preventing its occurrence.

Materials and methods:

Patients who underwent bowel resection within the surgical phase III trial AGO-OVAR.OP3/LION investigating the impact of systematic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in cytoreductive surgery for primary ovarian cancer were included in this analysis. All patients in the AGO-OVAR.OP3/LION trial had undergone complete cytoreduction with no macroscopic residual disease. We analyzed the occurrence of anastomotic leakage regarding surgical procedure (non-lymphadenectomy vs. lymphadenectomy and non-stoma vs. stoma) using the Fisher test. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage and its prognostic impact on survival were analyzed.

Results:

Overall rate of anastomotic leakage was 7.1%. Notably, the Non-lymphadenectomy subgroup had a lower anastomotic leakage rate of 3.0% compared to the lymphadenectomy subgroup (11.2%, P = 0.005). The use of protective stoma placement resulted in an anastomotic leakage rate of 5.5% regardless of lymphadenectomy compared to the Non-Stoma subgroup (7.5%, P = 0.78). Increased blood loss (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 per 100cc, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0001–1.09) and lymphadenectomy (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.41–11.40) were associated with a higher risk of anastomotic leakage. Although anastomotic leakage demonstrated a numerical detrimental impact on median progression-free survival (PFS) (18 months with anastomotic leakage vs. 19 months with Non-anastomotic leakage, hazard ratio [HR] 0.86; 95% CI 0.5 to 1.4, P = 0.53) and median overall survival (OS) (31 months with anastomotic leakage vs. 58 months with Non-anastomotic leakage, HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.4 to 1.2, P = 0.17), the differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Anastomotic leakage rates were lower in the Non-lymphadenectomy arm, the current standard of care. Blood loss and lymphadenectomy, as surrogate markers for extensive surgery, were associated with increased risk for anastomotic leakage. These findings highlight the importance of strategies to reduce surgical complexity and perioperative risk to improve clinical outcomes.
Time-burden insults of neuromonitoring signals: practical implications for the management of acute brain injury
Authors: Pörteners Brenda , Güiza Fabian , Meyfroidt Geert
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review

To explore recent insights into measures of time-burden insults in intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, and potential implications for clinical management.

Recent findings

The ICP is an important therapeutic target in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and some other brain injuries. Current clinical guidelines in TBI recommend starting treatment above a fixed ICP threshold of 22 mmHg. The concept of ICP burden was introduced recently, which takes both intensity and duration of an episode of elevated ICP into account. This burden of ICP is visualized in a colour-coded plot. In different cohorts of brain injured patients, prolonged ICP elevations, even at values below 20 or 22 mmHg, are associated with worse outcomes, and higher ICPs can only be tolerated briefly. The ICP burden plots are influenced by age, cerebral perfusion pressure, and cerebrovascular autoregulation, illustrating the complexity and dynamic aspect of secondary insults of elevated ICP events, and the need for personalization. Two clinical trials are currently investigating the impact of presenting this information at the bedside to clinicians.

The implementation of information on ICP burden at the patient's bedside could assist clinicians in recognizing secondary brain injury and result in more personalized ICP management.
The prognostic value of left ventricular diastolic dyssynchrony combined with myocardial perfusion, systolic dyssynchrony, and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Liu Bao , Zhang Feifei , Wang Jianfeng , Yu Wenji , Hu Yurui , Yang Zhimin , Wan Peng , Yang Xiaoyu , Wang Yuetao
Published: February 2025

Objective

Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) still occur in the normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Currently, there are no studies related to the prognostic value of left ventricular diastolic dyssynchrony (LVDD) in combination with perfusion, systolic dyssynchrony, and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with normal LVEF. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the incremental prognostic value of LVDD in patients with normal LVEF and to establish a model to predict MACE.

Methods

This study included 239 suspected or known CAD patients with a normal LVEF who underwent gated single-photon emission computerized tomography myocardial perfusion imaging. Clinical data such as age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors were collected. Myocardial perfusion, and left ventricular dyssynchrony parameters were assessed using QPS and Emory Toolbox software, respectively. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariable Cox regression were used to select the variables.

Results

The subjects were followed up for a total of 73.2±16.4 months and MACE occurred in 28 patients. In multivariate Cox regression, rest diastolic bandwidth (BW) was closely related to MACE [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), 10.78 (1.65–70.35); P=0.013]. The C-index of the model was increased from 0.748 to 0.783 by increasing the rest diastolic BW on the basis of summed difference score (SDS), stress systolic SD, age, hypertension, and chest pain (P<0.001). A final model for predicting MACE was constructed based on age, hypertension, chest pain, SDS, stress systolic SD, and rest diastolic BW. The C-index of the model was 0.783, and the area under the curves of the model predicting the occurrence of 3-year and 5-year MACE events were 0.766 and 0.827, respectively. The calibration curve showed a good calibration of the model.

Conclusion

LVDD is associated with MACE in patients with normal LVEF. In addition, based on SDS, stress systolic SD, age, hypertension, and chest pain, rest diastolic BW had an incremental predictive value for MACE.
Emergency Management of Animal-Related Injuries in Children
Authors: Di Mita Onorina , Rosa Margherita , Ruggiero Laura , Tipo Vincenzo , Savoia Fabio , Fiorilla Claudio , Liguoro Ilaria , Cogo Paola , Bozzola Elena , La Penna Francesco , Cardinale Fabio , La Torre Francesco , Marchetti Federico , Troisi Angela , Cella Andrea , Biasucci Giacomo , Rossi Nadia , Rossi Roberta , Pacenza Caterina , Manieri Sergio , Di Cara Giuseppe , Corrias Francesca , Patano Giuseppe , Maglione Marco
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

Animal-related injuries (ARIs) represent a common reason for emergency department (ED) visits in children. Limited data regarding treatment in Italian EDs are available. The aims of the study were to assess the epidemiological features of these patients and to investigate the association between their characteristics and therapeutic approaches, particularly antibiotic prescription.

Materials and Methods:

Patients presenting to 13 pediatric EDs from 11 Italian regions because of ARIs were prospectively enrolled for 20 months. Patients’ clinical data, injury characteristics, and performed treatment were recorded.

Results:

We enrolled 442 patients aged 6.1 years (3.9) who were grouped in non–insect-related injuries (non-IRIs, n=236) and insect-related injuries (IRIs, n=206). Most injuries occurred in an outdoor setting during the afternoon. Except for IRIs, the most frequently involved animals were pets, mostly dogs (91.5%). In 59.1% of cases, the injury extent was <15 mm. The antibiotic prescription was more likely in children presenting with a lesion by a wild animal [odds ratio (OR): 5.8 (CI 95%: 1.27-26.57), P=0.02], in those with lacerations [OR: 2.90 (CI 95%: 1.13-6.54), P=0.01], and in those with larger injuries [OR: 2.66 (CI 95%: 1.49-4.76), P<0.01]. Antibiotics were more frequently prescribed in non-IRIs compared with IRIs (P<0.001), whereas IRIs more commonly received oral or topical steroids, topical antibiotics, or antihistamines (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Most pediatric ARIs require limited emergency management. Antibiotic prescriptions are more likely in large lesions determined by wild animals. Monitoring non-IRIs and IRIs may provide useful information to improve and uniform therapeutic management and to plan public health preventive interventions.
Empowering Functional Independence for Children With Severe Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study Protocol
Authors: Kenyon Lisa K. , Farris John P. , Otieno Sango
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

To explore the effectiveness of a wheelchair skills (PWC) training intervention provided using the IndieTrainer System.

Methods:

This 2-arm, parallel group, single-blinded, pre-test-post-test randomized controlled trial will have 2 groups. Outcomes will be assessed at 3 timepoints. Sixteen child-parent/caregiver dyads will participate in the study. Each child participant will have a diagnosis of severe cerebral palsy (CP), be 5 to 17 years old, and have cause and effect skills. Outcome measures will include the Assessment of Learning Powered mobility use, the Wheelchair Skills Checklist, and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.

Impact:

Children with severe CP are often dependent on others for mobility. PWC skills training may allow more children to meet the specifications for obtaining their own PWC, thereby maximizing their functional independence.
Cervical Collar Satisfaction and Functional Impact in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Survey Study
Authors: Burke Katherine M. , Shea Cristina , Arulanandam Vishni , Sullivan Stacey , Ellrodt Amy S. , MacAdam Claire , Carney Kendall , Casagrande Gabriella , Christiansen Elizabeth , Paganoni Sabrina
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Many people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) develop cervical muscle weakness, often managed with cervical collars. Finding supportive and comfortable collars can be challenging. This study aimed to evaluate satisfaction with various collars and their impact on activities of daily living.

Design

This electronic survey study collected demographic information, clinical status, and participant experiences with commonly used cervical collars.

Results

Thirty-four participants (33 with ALS, 1 with primary lateral sclerosis) completed the survey, with 79% reporting neck weakness and 38% experiencing neck pain. Among those who tried cervical collars (65%), many had tried multiple options. The mean satisfaction across all collar types was 5.03 (SD = 2.92) out of 10.

Conclusion

These findings suggest current collars do not fully meet the needs of people living with ALS, emphasizing the importance of improved treatment options. Future research should explore innovative technologies to improve cervical support, function, and quality of life.
Investigating the epigenetic landscape of symptomatic disk degeneration: a case study
Authors: Yeater Taylor D. , Kawarai Yuya , Lee Seunghwan , Belani Kumar G. , Beebe David S. , Sheyn Dmitriy , Pinto Manuel R. , Stone Laura S.
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

This study investigates the epigenetic landscape underlying painful intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration in a single subject with a history of low back pain (LBP). Intervertebral disk degeneration is associated with LBP in some individuals; however, there is often a discrepancy between degeneration and pain. We hypothesize that DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism previously linked to discogenic LBP, is dysregulated in symptomatic vs asymptomatic IVDs.

Objectives:

Identify differentially methylated genes and pathways in symptomatic vs asymptomatic IVDs.

Methods:

Three lumbar IVDs with similar degeneration severity were tested prior to surgery by discography to identify symptomatic IVDs. Methylation analysis was performed on ∼935,000 cytosine guanine dinucleotide sites on nucleus pulposus DNA. We explored differential methylation and pathway enrichment on cytosine guanine dinucleotide sites located within the promoter regions of genes.

Results:

Two IVDs (L3/L4 and L4/L5) evoked pain ratings of 10/10 and 8/10, one IVD (L5/S1) scored 0/10. DNA methylation differed between symptomatic and asymptomatic IVDs. Several identified genes have roles in extracellular matrix remodeling. Other differentially methylated genes were related to immunomodulation and ion channel function. Finally, several long noncoding RNA genes were identified, encouraging further exploration into these regulatory molecules. Enriched pathways were associated with immune response, hormonal regulation, nervous system development, and musculoskeletal development and remodeling.

Conclusion:

This case study provides a promising list of candidate genes for therapeutic development for discogenic LBP and suggests a role for DNA methylation in the development of symptomatic vs asymptomatic IVD degeneration, calling for further research to validate and expand these findings.
FDG PET/CT in ALK-positive Histiocytosis of the Nasal Cavity in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Chen Qing , Fu Lilan , Guo Guangxiu , Dong Aisheng , Guo Jia
Published: February 2025

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive histiocytosis is a rare newly recognized subtype of histiocytic neoplasms. The disease can involve multiple systems or single system. We present FDG PET/CT findings in a pediatric patient with ALK-positive histiocytosis isolated to the left nasal cavity. The nasal cavity tumor invaded the nasal septum, left nasal bone, and left ethmoid sinus and showed intense FDG activity with an SUVmax of 9.9.
Cerebral Echinococcosis Mimicking Malignancy on 68Ga-FAPI PET/MR
Authors: Zhou Zhangyongxue , Lv Yuhu , Zheng Danzha , Lan Xiaoli , Qin Chunxia
Published: February 2025

A 52-year-old man presented with headache and dizziness. An MRI revealed a space-occupying lesion suspicious of a glioma. Subsequent 68Ga-FAPI PET/MR showed increased uptake in the lesion located in the right parieto-occipito-temporal lobe (SUVmax 6.0). The intracranial mass was surgically resected, and the pathology confirmed the presence of hydatid cysts. It is important to note that the clinical manifestations of cerebral echinococcosis closely mimic those of brain tumors, necessitating careful differentiation and diagnosis.
Potential of a Genicular Artery Perforator Keystone Flap for the Reconstruction of Defects in the Knee to the Upper Third of the Leg
Authors: Chen Ching-En
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The reconstruction of defects in the area extending from the knee to the upper third of the leg is challenging due to the intricate anatomy and limited local tissue options in this area. The genicular artery perforator keystone (GAP-K) flap is a promising solution for such reconstructions. In this study, the feasibility and outcomes of GAP-K flap use in the reconstruction of defects in the knee to upper third of the leg were assessed.

Materials and Methods

Data on patients who underwent GAP-K flap reconstruction of defects in the knee to upper third of the leg in a single department between June 2021 and May 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients' demographic characteristics, diagnoses, defect size, complications, and functional outcomes were analyzed.

Results

The sample comprised seven patients with a mean age of 44.9 years. Four GAP-K flaps were harvested from the medial aspect, and the remainder was harvested from the lateral aspect. Three flaps were type IIa, three were omega variants, and one was a Sydney Melanoma Unit variant. Mild wound dehiscence requiring management occurred in one patient. At 6 months postoperatively, the average range of motion of the affected knees was 126.7°, the average revised Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Rating Scale score was 25.5, and the average Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status rating was 0.83.

Conclusions

The GAP-K flap shows promise as a viable option for the reconstruction of defects in the knee to upper third of the leg. It provides reliable tissue coverage and satisfactory aesthetic outcomes. Further research with larger samples is warranted to confirm these findings and refine related surgical techniques.
Customized 3-Dimensional-Printed Finger Splints for Mallet Finger
Authors: Hou Chih-Chun , Yi Chin-Chieh , Wu Chien-Wei , Tsai Sheng-Lin , Huang Dun-Wei , Tzeng Yuan-Sheng
Published: February 2025

We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of customized 3-dimensional (3D)-printed finger splints in the treatment of mallet fingers. We categorized 21 patients into those who received the traditional finger splint (group A) and those treated with a customized 3D-printed finger splint (group B). We retrospectively analyzed the functional outcomes and patient satisfaction in the 2 groups. During the follow-up period, 3 patients in group A failed treatment, of which 2 underwent extended immobilization and one 1 transferred to surgery. All 3 patents in group B who failed treatment received extended immobilization and did not require transfer to surgery. In patient satisfaction assessments, group B patients scored better in dimension and comfort than did group A patients. Customized 3D-printed finger splints provided a more comfortable and fitting treatment option for mallet finger. Although they did not result in a significant difference in treatment success rate, these splints significantly improved patient compliance with treatment and wearing.
Comparison of the Outcomes of Perforator-Based Adipofascial Flaps and Local Muscle Flaps in Distal Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Lee Chia-Chi , Chang Dun-Hao
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Soft tissue reconstruction in the distal lower extremities is challenging because of the inherent vulnerability of tendons, bones, and implants to being easily exposed, and scanty local tissue makes it more complicated. Local flaps that avoid the donor-site morbidity and the need of microsurgery gain popularity among the treatment choices. This study aims to compare the outcomes of 2 common local flaps: adipofascial flaps and muscle flaps in distal lower leg reconstruction.

Materials and Methods

From November 2019 to November 2023, the patients with distal lower leg defects undergoing perforator-based adipofascial flaps or muscle flaps were included and reviewed. The patient demographics, injury characteristics, outcomes, and complications were evaluated.

Results

A total of 32 patients were included in the study of which, 17 received perforator-based adipofascial flaps, and 15 received muscle flaps. The backgrounds of the 2 groups were similar, except that the patients in the adipofascial flap group were older and had more comorbidities. All flaps survived except for one muscle flap that failed. The flap survival, infection rates, and donor-site complications were comparable in both groups; however, the adipofascial flap group had less daily drainage volume and seemed to have a shorter hospital stay, although the difference was not significant (8.06 ± 3.33 days vs 11.93 ± 7.63 days, P = 0.085).

Conclusions

For distal lower leg reconstruction, the adipofascial flaps are comparable to the muscle flaps but avoid the functional impairment. If available, the adipofascial flap can be considered as a prior treatment option, even for patients with implant exposure.
Disease-Free Recovery After Limb Salvage Surgery for Synovial Sarcoma With Femoral Vessel Involvement
Authors: Hsieh Hua-Hsin , Shieh Shyh-Jou
Published: February 2025

Synovial sarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma that often arises at a young age in the lower limbs. A large tumor size with neurovascular invasion leads to difficulties in salvaging the limb and achieving tumor-free margins during excision. Limb amputation used to be the only choice in such consideration. In addition, options for vascular reconstruction remain an open debate. Herein, we present a case of a large synovial sarcoma with the encasement of femoral vessels and the limb-salvaging approach, which employed wide excision with vessel reconstruction and their coverage in one stage. The patient recovered well with both satisfactorily aesthetic and functional outcomes at 5-year follow-up following postoperative concurrent chemoradiation therapy, and without any evidence of tumor recurrence.
Could Periodic Laser Doppler Imaging Monitoring Enhance Insights Into Perfusion Challenges in Anterolateral Thigh Flaps? A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Shiue Yow-Jye , Lin Yu-Te , Lee Che-Hsiung
Published: February 2025

Background

Postoperative monitoring after free flap transfer is challenging, and clinical observation alone remains subjective and unquantifiable. Furthermore, re-explored flaps often have a poor appearance, making it challenging for surgeons to decide whether further aggressive treatments are necessary. Laser Doppler (LD) imaging can provide noninvasive, real-time, and quantifiable monitoring for flap perfusion. This study aimed to utilize fixed-timing LD to assist in postoperative free flap monitoring, especially in re-explored flaps.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap transfers with at least 1 re-exploration surgery from 2018 to 2022. Fixed-timing LD scans were conducted once a day on weekdays, and the flux mean of the flap and its adjacent reference healthy skin was obtained via an LD imager. The perfusion index (PI) was calculated as the percentage difference of flux mean between the flap and the reference. Timing of compromise, surgical findings and flap outcomes were recorded. Re-explored cases were matched with non–re-explored cases by propensity score matching for age, sex, and recipient site. Receiver operating characteristic curves and Youden's index were used to identify a PI cutoff value to define flap compromise. Post re-exploration outcomes were categorized into flap survival, partial necrosis, and failure. Post re-exploration LD data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon test.

Results

Forty-seven re-explored free ALT flaps were included. Ten re-explored cases with LD scans before compromise on postoperative day 1 were matched with 20 nonreopened cases. A PI threshold value < −0.62 could identify flap compromise with 80% sensitivity and 70% specificity. In the flap survival group, the mean PI mean was −0.61 ± 0.03 in 32 cases within 24 hours after re-exploration, which was higher than the PI threshold. A significant difference in PI mean was found between the survival and partial necrosis groups (−0.61 ± 0.03 vs −0.86 ± 0.02, P = 0.034).

Conclusions

When facing uncertain circulation after free flap transfers, LD imaging can provide reliable and objective method for postoperative monitoring. A PI value ≤ −0.62 could identify free ALT flap compromise. This PI threshold value could be applied to re-explored flaps, providing an option to evaluate those in which compromise is suspected.
Correction of Secondary Exophthalmos Caused by Lateral Orbital Rim Recession
Authors: Fukuyama Sotatsu , Saito Takafumi , Lo Lun-Jou
Published: February 2025

Improving exophthalmos is a crucial aspect of treatment for patients with syndromic craniosynostosis. However, in patients who have undergone previous treatments including fronto-orbital advancement and Le Fort III distraction osteogenesis and who have reached skeletal maturity, the recurrence of exophthalmos is not uncommon. The severity of the exophthalmos may vary. Whether secondary correction involving osteotomy should be performed or symptomatic treatment strategies should be adopted is a dilemma, and the patient's symptoms and background and the invasiveness of the surgery should also be considered. Additionally, the accurate measurement and treatment of exophthalmos require the expertise of surgeons. This report introduces self-developed orbital wall implants generated through 3-dimensional simulation and 3-dimensional printing. The patient was a 23-year-old woman with Crouzon syndrome and recurrent exophthalmos. After surgery, the exophthalmos and facial appearance were improved. The use of custom-made implants provides advantages over the conventional osteotomy method; it is less invasive, involves a simple surgical procedure, and offers cost and time savings.
Reconstruction of Posterior Trunk Defects Following Sarcoma Excisions—A Dual-Center Experience
Authors: Elfaki Ahmed , Mohamed Dalia , Radotra Ishan , Tullie Sebastian , Sumathi Vaiyapuri , Foong Deborah , Jagadeesan Jagajeevan , Srinivasan Karthikeyan
Published: February 2025

Background

Sarcomas are malignancies of mesodermal origin that have a propensity for aggressive invasion of local structures and hematogenous spread. Sarcomas of the posterior trunk are problematic because of their insidious growth, lack of patient realization, and proximity to the vertebral column and spinal cord. Reconstruction often requires well-vascularized tissue that can withstand the demands of radiotherapy, without significant complications.

Methods

We assessed the outcomes of 47 patients over a 7-year period with soft-tissue sarcomas of the posterior trunk extending from the neck to the sacrum and their reconstructions. Nine were direct closures, and 2 required split-thickness skin grafts. Thirty-seven patients underwent 39 flap reconstructions (26 myocutaneous, 12 fasciocutaneous, 1 muscle-only). Thirty-five patients required a single flap reconstruction, and 2 required multiple flaps.

Results

There were no recorded flap failures. Thirty-three patients (70%) healed without complications. Twenty-one patients required radiotherapy (preoperative 3, postoperative 18) and wound healing complications occurred in one (33%) and 5 (27%%) patients, respectively. Complications: seroma (10%), dehiscence (12.8%), return to theater (12.8%), infection (12.8%), and partial flap necrosis (10%). No statistical significance was found when comparing sex, smoking status, diabetes, defect location, or radiotherapy exposure with wound complication outcomes. There was no statistical significance when comparing wound complications, return to theater or healing time between those who had received preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy.

Conclusions

Patients with posterior trunk sarcomas often require well-vascularized robust reconstruction that can withstand the potential complications of radiotherapy and pressure. Reconstruction can include fasciocutaneous or musculocutaneous flaps, or a combination of both, to help reduce morbidity.
Arteriogenesis Mechanism in Remodeling of Choke Vessels Within Choke Zone 2 of Delayed Multiterritory Perforator Flap
Authors: Peng Ping , Hu Ya , Guo Wei , Dong Zhonggen , Luo Zhaobiao , Wei Jianwei
Published: February 2025

Background

The aim of this study is to validate that both morphological and hemodynamic changes in the choke vessels remodeling within the choke zone 2 of delayed multiterritory perforator flap (MPF) in rats are consistent with revascularization through the arteriogenesis mechanism.

Methods

Two hundred seventy-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A (classical group with harvested MPF), group B (delay group with ligated perforator in the potential region), group C (delay group with ligated perforator in the dynamic region), and group D (delay group with double fasciocutanoeus pedicles). The morphological changes in the choke vessels were evaluated using integument radiography and H&E staining, while the hemodynamic alterations within the choke zones were assessed utilizing a laser Doppler blood flow imager.

Results

In choke zone 2, the true anastomosis emerged on 5 days postoperatively, and 3, 3, and 5 days after the delay surgery in group A, B, C, and D, respectively. The microvessel densities on each time points postoperatively were lower than those before operation in the 4 groups (P > 0.05). The arteriolar diameters on 5 days after the delay surgery were significantly larger than those before operation in group B, group C, and group D (P < 0.05). In the group B, C, and D, the blood perfusion at 1 day after the delay surgery was significantly higher than that at 6 hours after the delay surgery (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The arteriogenesis mechanism plays an important role in the remodeling of the choke vessels in the choke zone 2 within the MPF after 3 types of delay procedures.
Sap Anthropometric Landmark: A Morphometric Orientation Point of the Nasal Tip
Authors: Sultanova Nigar , Farkas Leslie G.
Published: February 2025

The aim of the present study is to introduce a new anthropometric landmark (sap), parameter (sap-sap) for measuring a width of nasal tip and 7 new proportion indexes. For determinate data mean with standard deviation, 200 healthy individuals (100 men and 100 women) were included in the study. The authors determined and pointed 9 paired cranio-facial anthropometric landmarks: sap, al, ac, mf, en, ex, zy, ch, go. Measurement of the head and face included 9 linear horizontal parameters. Proportion indices expressed as the ratio of: nasal tip width/nose width index: sap-sap ×100/al-al; nasal tip width/nasal base width index: sap-sap ×100/ac-ac; nasal tip width/nasal root width index: sap-sap ×100/mf-mf; nasal tip width/biocular width index: sap-sap ×100/ex-ex; nasal tip width/intercanthal width index: sap-sap ×100/en-en; nasal tip width/face width index: sap-sap ×100/zy-zy; nasal tip width/mouth width index: sap-sap ×100/ch-ch. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the Student t test. The identification of the new anthropometric landmarks of the nasal tip, the measurements of the width between them, the calculation of proportions will help to evaluate the nasal tip.
A novel case of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius aortitis
Authors: Jones Dione , Lim Matthew , Olenski Maxwell
Published: February 2025

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a common commensal and opportunistic canine pathogen with emerging pathogenicity in humans. We describe the first case of invasive S. pseudintermedius infection causing aortitis and mycotic aneurysm in an 83-year-old patient, treated successfully with flucloxacillin. This case highlights the potential for S. pseudintermedius to cause serious endovascular infection in humans.
Characterizing organisms from three domains of life with universal primers from throughout the global ocean
Authors: McNichol Jesse , Williams Nathan L R , Raut Yubin , Carlson Craig , Halewood Elisa R , Turk-Kubo Kendra , Zehr Jonathan P , Rees Andrew P , Tarran Glen , Gradoville Mary R. , Wietz Matthias , Bienhold Christina , Metfies Katja , Torres-Valdés Sinhué , Mock Thomas , Eggers Sarah Lena , Jeffrey Wade , Moss Joseph , Berube Paul , Biller Steven , Bodrossy Levente , Van De Kamp Jodie , Brown Mark , Sow Swan L. S. , Armbrust E. Virginia , Fuhrman Jed
Published: February 2025

We introduce the Global rRNA Universal Metabarcoding Plankton database (GRUMP), which consists of 1194 samples that were collected from 2003-2020 and cover extensive latitudinal and longitudinal transects, as well as depth profiles in all major ocean basins. DNA from unfractionated (> 0.2µm) seawater samples was amplified using the 515Y/926R universal three- domain rRNA gene primers, simultaneously quantifying the relative abundance of amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) from bacteria, archaea, eukaryotic nuclear 18S, and eukaryotic plastid 16S. Thus, the ratio between taxa in one sample is directly comparable to the ratio in any other GRUMP sample, regardless of gene copy number differences. This obviates a problem in prior global studies that used size-fractionation and different rRNA gene primers for bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, precluding comparisons across size fractions or domains. On average, bacteria contributed 71%, eukaryotes 19%, and archaea 8% to rRNA gene abundance, though eukaryotes contributed 32% at latitudes > 40°. GRUMP is publicly available on the Simons Collaborative Marine Atlas Project (CMAP), promoting the global comparison of marine microbial dynamics.
A constellation of dysfunctional hybrid phenotypes enforces reproductive isolation betweenCaenorhabditisnematode species
Authors: Dall’Acqua Maia N. , Peake Amanda L. , Da Silva Jalina Bielaska , Issakova Dina , Cutter Asher D.
Published: February 2025

The evolution of complete reproductive isolation hinges on the cumulative action of reproductive isolating barriers that can manifest throughout the life cycle of an organism. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the features underlying the origin and maintenance of species requires assessing the relative contributions of distinct barriers to overall reproductive isolation. Here we characterize multiple interrelated isolating barriers across various developmental stages of nematode sister speciesCaenorhabditis remaneiandCaenorhabditis latens. We quantified F1 hybrid male sterility and characterized multiple phenotypic causes associated with developmental abnormalities in the germline as well as non-germline gonad and somatic tissues, uncovering a complex suite of developmental defects contributing to strong postzygotic reproductive isolation. Despite these multifarious isolating barrier traits, assays testing for interspecies sperm transfer under “choice” conditions did not yield evidence of premating isolation. In contrast to otherCaenorhabditisspecies pairs, we also found no evidence that ectopic sperm migration acts as a postmating-prezygotic barrier. The constellation of phenotypic defects in hybrids points to a polygenic or highly pleiotropic basis for hybrid dysfunction and implicates more rapid evolution of intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation than prezygotic isolation in these organisms.
Nearest-neighbor nonnegative spatial factorization to study spatial and temporal transcriptomics
Authors: Shrestha Priyanka , Diaz Luis Chumpitaz , Engelhardt Barbara E
Published: February 2025

Nonnegative spatial factorization (NSF) is a spatially-aware factorization method that uses Gaussian processes (GPs) as spatial priors in a Poisson latent factor model to robustly identify interpretable, parts-based representations in spatial transcriptomics data. However, NSF scales poorly with modern datasets due to the computational complexity of Gaussian processes, which scales cubically with the number of points used for inferenceO(N3). To address this limitation, we propose a modified version of NSF that leverages variational nearest neighbor Gaussian processes (VNNGPs), resulting in a substantial reduction in inference complexity fromO(NM2)in the current version of NSF toO(MNK2)forMinducing points,Ntotal points andKnearest neighbors. Our method, nearest-neighbor NSF (NNNSF), is benchmarked on synthetic and real-world spatial and temporal transcriptomics datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that NNNSF achieves linear scaling with the number of neighbors and points used for inference in contrast with NSF, which has exponential computational complexity as the number of points used in inference increases. By restricting covariance calculations to theK-nearest neighbors of the points used in inference, NNNSF allows the use of more inducing points, leading to lower reconstruction loss. Nearest-neighbor NSF (NNNSF), which replaces standard variational inference with inducing points in NSF with the VNNGP, leads to a computationally efficient and scalable version of NSF that can be applied to large existing and forthcoming spatial genomics data.

We added VNNGP and NNNSF to the GPZoo package, an an ongoing open source project developing a modular Gaussian process library in Python making use of the PyTorch interface. Source code and demonstrations are available athttps://github.com/luisdiaz1997/GPzoo/tree/main.
Comparative responses of legume vs. non-legume tropical trees to biochar additions
Authors: Thomas Sean C. , Halim Md. Abdul , Ali Syed Tuhin
Published: February 2025

Nitrogen-fixing plants in the legume family (Fabaceae) may show particularly large positive responses to biochar additions due to their capacity to compensate for reduced N in biochar-amended soils. Prior studies also suggest that biochar may have specific developmental effects on legumes, including increased root nodulation and altered morphology. We examined the growth and morphometric responses of legume and non-legume tropical trees to biochar additions in a common garden experiment. Four legume species (Acacia auriculiformis,A. mangium,Delonix regia, andPterocarpus santalinus) and four non-legumes (Eucalyptus alba,Melia azedarach, Swietenia macrophylla, andSyzygium cumini) were compared in terms of sapling responses to additions of a wood-feedstock biochar applied at 10 and 20 t/ha. Overall, strong positive effects of biochar additions on sapling performance were observed, with an average increase of 30% in total biomass and a notable increase in height relative to diameter growth. Species showed pronounced differences in responses, with strong interactive effects of species and biochar treatments on growth metrics. Legume species showed an average increase somewhat higher than non-legumes; however, responses were variable among species, with the twoAcaciaspecies showing the largest responses, resulting in a non-significant pattern. A literature-based meta-analysis of tropical and subtropical trees likewise suggests higher biochar responses in legumes, but also falls short of statistical significance. In addition, experimental results indicate large interactive effects of species and biochar on soil pH and other soil properties. High growth responses of certain taxa of legumes (and other taxa) to biochar, and pronounced species-specific effects on soil properties, may reflect evolved responses to fire disturbance that can be leveraged in the context of forest restoration and enhanced carbon sequestration in degraded tropical landscapes.
Initiation and maturation of the early axonal βII-spectrin membrane-associated periodic skeleton requires active cytoskeletal remodelling
Authors: Bodas Shivani , Mishra Ashish , Pullarkat Pramod , Ghose Aurnab
Published: February 2025

The axonal membrane-associated periodic skeletal (MPS) consisting of evenly spaced F-actin rings crosslinked by spectrin heterotetramers has been observed in many neuronal subtypes across multiple species. The MPS has been implicated in a diversity of functions ranging from a load-bearing tension buffer to a periodic ruler positioning channels and signalling complexes. However, the initiation and early development of the axonal MPS are poorly understood.

Using superresolution imaging of embryonic dorsal root ganglion axons, we show that the early development of the βII-spectrin MPS involves recruitment and stabilisation of the βII-spectrin to the axonal cortex followed by progressive establishment of long-range periodic order. Microtubule dynamics are essential for MPS formation in the early stages, while microtubules have a passive stabilizing function in the mature MPS. We show that the early subplasmalemmal recruitment and confinement of βII-spectrin is dependent on cortical actin. Further, active nucleation of F-actin is required in early development but dispensable for the maintenance of the mature MPS. Finally, using a βII-spectrin knockout model, we demonstrate that the actin-binding and lipid interacting domains of βII-spectrin are critical for its subplasmalemmal confinement and, subsequently, MPS maturation.

Our study provides insights into the mechanisms governing the development and maturation of the axonal MPS, highlighting the critical role of cytoskeletal dynamics.
Lifespan Mapping of EEG Source Spectral Dynamics withξ−αNET
Authors: Reyes Ronaldo Garcia , Gonzales Ariosky Areaces , Wang Ying , Jin Yu , Minatti Ludovico , Valdes-Sosa Pedro A.
Published: February 2025

We formulate a new class of parametric, multivariate, and structurally informed spectral components model of the EEG, theξ − αNET, that allows us to map the Lifespan of EEG source spectral dynamics across a large data set of EEG cross spectrum at high spatial resolution. This approach accurately estimates source spectral components and effective connectivity through the use of biophysical modeling while maintaining computational efficiency, as confirmed by simulation benchmarks. We are able to analyze source dynamics with a resolution of 8,003 voxels from the HarMNqEEG dataset, which includes scalp EEG cross-spectrum tensors collected from 1965 subjects across 9 countries, using various devices and accounting for different age groups. Our findings indicate that the Bayesian Model Inversion of theξ − αNET allows to map Lifespan of conduction delays that follows a U-shaped trajectory, which contrasts with independently recorded myelin concentration measurements. Moreover, we assess the spatiotemporal distribution of spectral components, revealing that the aperiodic or fractal component has an isotropic spatial distribution on the cortical surface. While the generator’s spectral peak in theαband, i.e.,α-rythms, is localized on the visual areas of the brain. Using a Zero Inflated Gaussian model, our findings indicate that the mode frequency that characterizes theα-rythms or Peak Alpha Frequency shows an inverted U-shaped trajectory for both hemispheres across the Lifespan and a spatial gradient of zero inflation in PAF across the cortex that flattens the trajectory from posterior to frontal areas. We provide both the code of theξ−αNET and the source solution of the spectral dynamics for the HarMNqEEG.
New insights into the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 and amyloid-β 42 derived cytotoxicity relevant to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Houfková Aneta , Schmidt Monika , Benek Ondřej , Fabrik Ivo , Andrýs Rudolf , Zemanová Lucie , Soukup Ondřej , Musílek Kamil
Published: February 2025

The multifunctional mitochondrial enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10) plays an important role in the pathology of several diseases, of which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most debated. HSD10 overexpression and its interplay with amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) are considered a factor contributing to mitochondrial damage and neuronal stress observed in AD patients. This study confirms that individual overexpression of HSD10 or APP (amyloid precursor protein that gives rise to Aβ) leads to cytotoxicity, and both pathological conditions are linked to mitochondrial damage. However, the metabolic changes caused by these two overexpressions significantly differ, particularly in their effect on the tricarboxylic acid cycle and β-oxidation. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of HSD10 is identified as the primary factor of HSD10 cytotoxicity, which is significantly exacerbated in an Aβ-rich environment and can be partially reversed by HSD10 inhibitors. Notably, a previously published and competitive benzothiazole inhibitor was effective in restoring the viability of HSD10 overexpressing cells alone and in an Aβ-rich environment, implying the potential benefit of HSD10 inhibitors in mitochondrial diseases and/or AD treatment.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
QWENDY: Gene Regulatory Network Inference Enhanced by Large Language Model and Transformer
Authors: Wang Yue , Tian Xueying
Published: February 2025

Knowing gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is important for understanding various biological mechanisms. In this paper, we present a method, QWENDY, that uses single-cell gene expression data measured at four time points to infer GRNs. It is based on a gene expression model and solves the transformation for the covariance matrices. Unlike its predecessor WENDY, QWENDY avoids solving a non-convex optimization problem and produces a unique solution. Then we enhance QWENDY by transformer neural networks and large language models to obtain two variants: TEQWENDY and LEQWENDY. We test the performance of these methods on two experimental data sets and two synthetic data sets. TEQWENDY has the best overall performance, while QWENDY ranks the first on experimental data sets.
Simons Sleep Project (SSP): An open science resource for accelerating scalable digital health research in autism and other psychiatric conditions
Authors: Hacohen Micha , Levi Adam , Kaiser Hadas , Snyder LeeAnne , Amatya Alpha , Gundersen Brigitta B. , Spiro John E. , Dinstein Ilan
Published: February 2025

Wearable and nearable devices offer a novel opportunity to measure extensive behavioral and neurophysiological data directly from participants in their home environment. The Simons Sleep Project (SSP) was designed to accelerate research into sleep and daily behaviors in individuals with autism using such techniques. This open-science resource contains raw and processed data from Dreem3 EEG headbands, multi-sensor EmbracePlus smartwatches, and Withings Sleep mats, as well as parent questionnaires and daily sleep diaries. Data were collected successfully for >3600 days/nights from 102 adolescents (10-17 years old) with idiopathic autism and 98 of their non-autistic siblings. Whole-exome sequencing data is also available for all participants and their parents. To demonstrate the utility of this extensive dataset, we first present the breadth of synchronized high-resolution data available across multiple sensors/devices. We then demonstrate that objective sleep measures (e.g., total sleep time) from the three devices are more accurate and reliable than parent reported measures and reveal that sleep onset latency (SOL) was the only objectively defined sleep measure that differed significantly between autistic children and their siblings (of those examined in the study). Moreover, SOL was reliably associated with the severity of multiple behavioral difficulties in all children, regardless of autism diagnosis. These results highlight the importance of measuring sleep directly from participants using objective measures and demonstrate the extensive opportunities afforded by the SSP to further study autism and develop new digital phenotyping techniques for multiple research domains.