bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of iPad and eBooks to Perform Daily Living Skills Among Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Yeong Adeline M. Y. , Dutt Anuradha S. , Yong Yvonne H. L. , Nair Rahul
Published: May 2022

In the current study, three adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and moderate intellectual disability were first taught to independently use an iPad to access instructional material (i.e., video models) via electronic books or eBooks. After iPad training, participants were required to apply their newly acquired skills to independently operate the iPad and eBooks to learn and perform other novel daily living tasks. The study employed a single case, non-concurrent multiple baseline design across participants during the iPad training phase and across tasks for each participant during the application phase. Results based on visual analysis indicated that all participants learned to independently operate the iPad and access instructional materials presented via eBooks. Furthermore, they applied these skills to learn and independently perform other novel daily living tasks. Effect size estimates using between case standardized mean difference showed improvements in responding subsequent to iPad training.
“How are You Doing?” on the Healthy Aging of the Community-Dwelling Oldest-Old in the Shadow of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lo Shirley K.L. , Liu Justina Y.W. , Cheung Daphne S. K. , Yin Yue-Heng , Ng Siu Ying , P.K. Kor Patrick , Yang Lin , Chan Siu Kay , Kwan Rick Y.C. , Lee Paul H. , Chiang Vico C. L.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Globally, the oldest-old population is growing rapidly. Little is known about the perceived well-being of the community-dwelling oldest-old, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the oldest-old’s perceptions of aging well and the COVID-related impacts on them.

Methods

Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 22 adults aged 85 or above were conducted with purposive sampling methods. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Four main themes emerged: 1) sustaining functional ability; 2) staying active with a positive attitude; 3) feeling grateful for support from society and family; 4) COVID-19-related anxieties and policies destabilizing their well-being.

Discussion

This study provides direct evidence from the oldest-old on how they maintained their well-being. While they valued support from society and family, COVID-19-related measures disturbed their routines and prevented them from self-attaining well-being. The findings should be considered when developing interventions for this vulnerable group.
‘Why I should welcome such a guest as grief [?]’: Lodging and dislodging in Shakespeare's Richard II
Authors: Andrew Hiscock
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the early modern cultural debate surrounding hospitality and inhospitality in the light of contemporaneous responses to history and the history play. The dominant focus of this discussion is Shakespeare's Richard II and the ways in which it seeks to interrogate and to critique early modern expectations of welcoming by inverting them repeatedly as the dramatic intrigue unfolds. Throughout this article, reference is made to cultural debate on the subject of (in)hospitality in the contemporary, post-World War II period.
The domestic democratic peace: How democracy constrains political violence
Authors: Veri Francesco , Sass Jensen
Published: May 2022

This article offers a systematic, longitudinal and cross-national assessment of the constraint democratic institutions place on domestic political violence. It formulates two structural equation models which allows for the examination of the relative contribution of formal institutions and political culture as sources of constraint on political violence. Institutionalized opportunities for democratic participation significantly reduce political violence; however, these institutions only realize their full potential when embedded within a deliberative political culture. This article suggests that when oppositional groups view democratic participation as meaningful, and state elites engage with their claims, these groups are inclined to behave as radical democrats rather than violent extremists.
Destructive Leaders in Schools: Can They Be Instructional Leaders?
Authors: Merritt Amanda B. , Wang Yinying
Published: May 2022

This study examines destructive leadership and its relationship with instructional leadership. Destructive leadership refers to a leader’s repeated behaviors that prioritize self-serving interests by undermining organizational interest and at the expense of harming subordinates. A total of 154 teachers completed a survey that measured their principals’ destructive and instructional leadership. Results of multiple regression analyses indicate that destructive leadership predicted ineffective instructional leadership. This study called for attention to identifying destructive leaders in school leadership training, hiring, and evaluation.
Compliance Behaviour Amidst Ambiguous Information: An Exploratory Study in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Aggarwal Divya , Rajasulochana Subramania Raju , Elembilassery Varun
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 pandemic is an ambiguous situation due to the uncertainty associated with the outcome of the situation. This article aims at exploring the knowledge behaviour gap during a pandemic like COVID-19. The findings of this study indicate that individuals perceive different forms of ambiguity in different ways. Findings also suggest that, during a pandemic, attitude towards ambiguity and confidence in self-health significantly impact compliance behaviour. Interestingly, the findings also indicate that knowledge and perception about the context are not significantly associated with compliance behaviour. This study is one of the earliest attempts to understand the knowledge behaviour gap during a pandemic and contributes to the research literature by attempting a cross-fertilization of concepts from different streams of literature. This study also discusses the practical implications for the health sector, in particular health communication.

JEL Codes: C9, D10, D81, D90
Phenolic syntactic foams: Low-density composites for structural and thermostructural applications
Authors: John Bibin , Nair CP Reghunadhan
Published: May 2022

Syntactic foams, low density composites consisting of hollow microballoons or microspheres dispersed in a matrix, find application in various fields. The properties of these light weight composites can be easily tuned by suitably selecting the matrix and the hollow microsphere filler and their composition. Among the various matrices employed in syntactic foams, phenolic resins have enticed the researchers owing to their salient features viz. high thermal stability, high char yield, structural integrity etc. This review gives an overview of phenolic syntactic foams with a focus on various phenolic resin based syntactic foams and modified syntactic foams. Finally, applications of phenolic syntactic foams are also covered.
Synthesis and properties of foams from a blend of vegetable oil based polyhydroxyurethane and epoxy resin
Authors: Ahmad Zeeshan R , Mahanwar Prakash A
Published: May 2022

This article aims to highlight the synthesis of foams from a blend of hydroxyurethane of castor oil and epoxy resin. An epoxidized castor oil of 4% oxirane oxygen was first converted to cyclic carbonate of castor oil at 120°C, 1 atm CO2 pressure and then it was reacted with three different aliphatic diamines to yield amine terminated Polyhydroxyurethane (PHU). Foams were prepared in a metal mould from the blend of PHU, epoxy resin, epoxy hardener and polymethylhydrogensiloxane blowing agent which releases hydrogen gas upon reaction with amine. FTIR and 1H NMR of cyclic carbonate of castor oil and PHU of castor oil were done to confirm their chemical structures. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of foams was done to assess their cellular morphology along with DSC and TGA to evaluate their thermal properties. Both flexible and rigid type of foams were synthesised in this study. Resilience of flexible foams was inspected using a ball rebound test and compression-recovery test while thermal insulation property was checked by measuring thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and R-values of rigid foams from heat transfer study using a heat transfer apparatus.
Effects of information and communication technology on the quality of family relationships: A systematic review
Authors: Tammisalo Kristiina , Rotkirch Anna
Published: May 2022

Information and communication technology (ICT) facilitates communication within families but may also displace face-to-face communication and intimacy. The aims of this systematic review were to investigate what positive and negative relationship outcomes are associated with ICT use in families, and whether and how the outcomes differ depending on relationship type (romantic relationship, parent–child relationship, or sibling). Included in the review were research published in English between 2009 and 2019 studying the effects of ICT on family relationships with quantitative data. 70 peer-reviewed articles (73 studies) were retrieved and categorized based on four types of ICT variables: personal use, personal use in the presence of a family member (technoference), communication between family members, and co-use with family members. Personal use and technoference were mostly related to negative outcomes due to, for example, displaced attention and more frequent conflicts. Romantic partners were especially strongly negatively affected displaying stressors unique to romantic relationships, such as infidelity. By contrast, communication and co-use showed mostly positive effects across all relationship types. In particular, “rich” communication media resembling face-to-face interaction were strongly associated with positive outcomes. We conclude that ICT impacts family relations in different ways, depending on both the type of relationship and type of ICT use. Personal ICT use tends to weaken both parenting and romantic relationships in ways that can partly be mitigated by co-use and communication. Directions for future research include, assessing how often ICT is used in relationship-strengthening versus relationship-interfering ways, investigating causal pathways between ICT use and relationship quality, and focusing on understudied relationship types, such as siblings and grandparents.
A communication and identity process that mediates parents’ nonaccommodation and sexual minorities’ mental well-being
Authors: Decker Haley , Schrodt Paul
Published: May 2022

This study tested sexual minorities’ (SM) surface acting with parents, identity gaps with family, and perceived stress as serial mediators of parents’ nonaccommodation and SM’s mental well-being (i.e., mental health and self-esteem). Participants included 205 sexual minorities who reported on their parents’ unwanted advice about their sexual identity and the degree to which they emphasized divergent values in conversations about LGBTQ+ issues. For both mental health and self-esteem, significant and negative indirect effects emerged for both mother’s and father’s nonaccommodation through a sequence of SM’s surface acting, to personal-enacted identity gap, to perceived stress. These indirect effects, however, were moderated by relational closeness with each parent. Consequently, unwanted advice about children’s SM identities and messages that emphasize divergent values may be harmful even if family relations do not appear overtly contentious or hostile.
Individual religious affiliation, religiosity and entrepreneurial intentions among students in four countries
Authors: Giacomin Olivier , Janssen Frank , Shinnar Rachel S , Gundolf Katherine , Shiri Nematollah
Published: May 2022

This article explores religion and religiosity in the field of entrepreneurship. Based on an original, international dataset of 740 students, we examine the impact of individual religious affiliation (Protestant, Catholic or Muslim) or non-affiliation (Agnostic/Atheist) on entrepreneurial intentions. We further examine the influence of individual religiosity (beyond mere religious affiliation) on entrepreneurial intentions, offering new insights as to the role religion and religiosity play in entrepreneurship. Findings support the notion that religion matters when entrepreneurial intentions are concerned. We show that having a religious affiliation – as compared to identifying as an Agnostic/Atheist – has a positive relationship with entrepreneurial intentions. More importantly, we show that religiosity – not just religious affiliation – affects intentions differently across different religions, thus pointing to the importance of taking religiosity into account, and not only religious affiliation. We also show that followers of a specific religion cannot be regarded as a uniform group when it comes to entrepreneurship and that it is important to differentiate between streams.
Political communication, press coverage and public interpretation of public health statistics during the coronavirus pandemic in the UK
Authors: Lawson B.T. , Lugo-Ocando Jairo
Published: May 2022

This article examines the way numbers, often concerning risk, were communicated by politicians, covered by the news media and interpreted by the public during the early stages of the COVID-19 crisis in the United Kingdom. To explore this topic, we adopted a mixed-methods approach that included content analysis, comparative thematic analysis and a series of focus groups. Whilst coherency and consistency are touted as essentials in public health messaging, our textual analysis highlighted the disconnect between political communication and news media coverage. Whereas the UK government relied on vague references to curves and peaks to underpin a narrative of consistency and certainty in public health policy, the UK news media referred to specific numbers from within and outside the UK to criticise the government's approach as haphazard and lacking. This disconnect gained even more significance during our focus groups. When discussing numbers, participants referred to news media coverage rather than political messaging, using these figures to challenge the timing and nature of the UK lockdown. These findings present a significant critique of the UK government's communication during this health crisis. Instead of putting forward a coherent, homogenous and clear message to the public, the discourse around numbers and risk was diffracted, disconnected and opaque. This was largely due to the competing narratives presented by the news media.
Left ventricular free-wall rupture: An unusual presentation of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
Authors: Mohamed Walid , Ahmed Aamer , Mansour Sherif , Zlocha Viktor
Published: May 2022

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a rare, often asymptomatic, condition. A 55-year-old woman presented with hemiparesis, facial palsy and chest pain. After urgent investigation, she was referred as a case of type A aortic dissection complicated by tamponade, myocardial infarction and stroke. Review of her imaging identified haemopericardium but no dissection, and emergency surgery proceeded considering her unstable condition. She underwent an emergency repair of left-ventricular free-wall rupture and excision of an aortic valve vegetation. Postoperative investigations confirmed a diagnosis of NBTE in the setting of a plexiform neurofibroma, and she was discharged 9 weeks later with residual neurological symptoms. This case poses a previously unreported acute presentation of NBTE and highlights the complexities in its diagnosis and management.
Computational fluid dynamics analysis of endoluminal aortic perfusion
Authors: Malinowski Daniel , Fournier Yvan , Horbach Andreas , Frick Michael , Magliani Mirko , Kalverkamp Sebastian , Hildinger Martin , Spillner Jan , Behbahani Mehdi , Hima Flutura
Published: May 2022

Introduction

In peripheral percutaneous (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) procedures the femoral arteries perfusion route has inherent disadvantages regarding poor upper body perfusion due to watershed. With the advent of new long flexible cannulas an advancement of the tip up to the ascending aorta has become feasible. To investigate the impact of such long endoluminal cannulas on upper body perfusion, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study was performed considering different support levels and three cannula positions.

Methods

An idealized literature-based- and a real patient proximal aortic geometry including an endoluminal cannula were constructed. The blood flow was considered continuous. Oxygen saturation was set to 80% for the blood coming from the heart and to 100% for the blood leaving the cannula. 50% and 90% venoarterial support levels from the total blood flow rate of 6 l/min were investigated for three different positions of the cannula in the aortic arch.

Results

For both geometries, the placement of the cannula in the ascending aorta led to a superior oxygenation of all aortic blood vessels except for the left coronary artery. Cannula placements at the aortic arch and descending aorta could support supra-aortic arteries, but not the coronary arteries. All positions were able to support all branches with saturated blood at 90% flow volume.

Conclusions

In accordance with clinical observations CFD analysis reveals, that retrograde advancement of a long endoluminal cannula can considerably improve the oxygenation of the upper body and lead to oxygen saturation distributions similar to those of a central cannulation.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in refractory anaphylactic shock after bee stings: A case report
Authors: Le Huu-Y , Tien Nguyen Dinh , Son Pham Nguyen , Viet Hoa Le Thi , Phuong Le Lan , Hai Pham Dang
Published: May 2022

An allergy to insect stings is one of the most frequent causes of anaphylactic reactions. Such reactions can be fatal, even on the first reaction, although it very rarely happens. The use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) in refractory anaphylactic shock was previously described. We report a case of a 31-year-old female who presented with refractory anaphylactic shock after bee stings without the presence of cutaneous manifestations other than the rashes in her neck. The toxic component of bee venom and systemic allergic response plays a vital role in pathophysiology. She did not respond to conventional advanced life support, but following urgent VA ECMO, she survived neurologically intact. Despite an uncommon indication for anaphylaxis, ECMO support may be possible and effective in patients with refractory shock.
Digitalization of multisensory collective activity: The case of virtual wine tasting
Authors: Chandra Kruse Leona , Drechsler Katharina
Published: May 2022

Wine tasting is a multisensory collective activity because it involves other senses in addition to sight and hearing. The importance of these multiple senses for wine tasting makes it more challenging to digitalize than other collective activities. We conducted an ethnography and used a semiotic analysis to explore the strategies to digitalize wine tasting sessions. In so doing, we examined how small artisanal winemakers and wine merchants in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, and Switzerland moved their wine tasting sessions online to compensate for their lost key revenue streams during the global Covid-19 crisis. Based on our analysis, we present a typology of virtual wine tasting and illustrate how the approach to digitalize wine tasting evolved from a reactive approach to a more proactive one. We also identify strategies to digitalize wine tasting and characterize its social space. We discuss some avenues to regard virtual wine tasting as something more than just a digital representation of in-person wine tasting session by highlighting the mediating role of an information system. Finally, we propose some implications for digitalizing other multisensory collective activities.
Implementation perspectives of solar energy irrigation policy in water deficient regions: A case of Rajasthan state in India
Authors: Jain Pragati , Jain Prerna , Jain Pratyush
Published: May 2022

Groundwater extraction through subsidized solar power has flared up a number of issues in water resource planning in water deficient regions. Previous studies and research suggests ‘buy back solutions’ to check indiscriminate exploitation of ground water reserves; however, the present study is an attempt to put forward a theoretical incentive framework analysing the condition in Rajasthan state to justify why farmers would not opt to sell excess electricity generated to the grid rather choose to sell solar irrigation. The study validates the inappropriateness of simple buy back solution to check excessive groundwater extraction and concludes that one-way approach in policy implementation regarding groundwater extraction can be a misnomer and region-specific policies should be adopted looking to the water deficiency or abundance in the region.
The antidepressant effect and safety of non-intranasal esketamine: A systematic review
Authors: Smith-Apeldoorn Sanne Y , Vischjager Maurice , Veraart Jolien KE , Kamphuis Jeanine , aan het Rot Marije , Schoevers Robert A
Published: May 2022

Background:

The introduction of esketamine into the field of psychiatry comes on the heels of excitement from studies on racemic ketamine. While the intranasal route has been the most studied to date, other modes of administration of esketamine may also be of interest in the management of depression.

Aims:

To systematically review the literature on non-intranasal esketamine for depression in terms of its antidepressant effect and safety.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception up to February 2021. Search terms included a combination of Medical Subject Headings and text words indicative of esketamine and depression. We selected both controlled and uncontrolled studies examining non-intranasal esketamine for the treatment of depression.

Results:

We identified four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on intravenous esketamine and 15 open-label studies on intravenous ( n = 80), subcutaneous ( n = 73), and oral ( n = 5) esketamine. We found intravenous, subcutaneous, and possibly oral administration of esketamine to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms in most patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar depression, and (severe) treatment-resistant depression. Clinical response to repeated administration of esketamine persisted over the course of treatment. Esketamine was well tolerated by most patients, but open-label data indicate marked psychotomimetic symptoms in exceptional cases. The overall quality of the controlled studies was considered high, the overall quality of the uncontrolled studies low to moderate.

Conclusions:

Intravenous, subcutaneous, and possibly oral esketamine may offer an effective and safe addition to the depression treatment armamentarium. However, as most included studies lacked a control group and had small sample sizes, the quality of our results is limited. Different types and formulations of ketamine remain to be compared directly.
The Relationships Between Home-Based Parental Involvement, Study Habits and Academic Achievement among Adolescents
Authors: Hsieh Manying
Published: May 2022

This study examined the relationships among home-based parental involvement, study habits, and academic achievement using structural equation modeling. The sample consisted of 566 eighth-grade students in Taiwan, and their mean age was 14.35. The data for home-based parental involvement and study habits was collected in the first survey wave in September 2016, and the data for academic performance was collected in the second survey wave in May 2017. The results showed that two major psychological constructs of home-based parental involvement, involvement and monitoring behaviors, were significantly correlated with academic achievement. While appropriate involvement behaviors were positively related to achievement, inappropriate monitoring behaviors were negatively related to achievement. Moreover, the bootstrapping results demonstrated that study habits fully mediated the relationship between home-based parental involvement and achievement. These findings support the generalization of one part of Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler's model of parental involvement to an Asian culture.
Numeracy and the Motivational Mind: The Power of Numeric Self-efficacy
Authors: Peters Ellen , Shoots-Reinhard Brittany
Published: May 2022

Background

Objective numeracy appears to support better medical decisions and health outcomes. The more numerate generally understand and use numbers more and make better medical decisions, including more informed medical choices. Numeric self-efficacy—an aspect of subjective numeracy that is also known as numeric confidence—also relates to decision making via emotional reactions to and inferences from experienced difficulty with numbers and via persistence linked with numeric comprehension and healthier behaviors over time. Furthermore, it moderates the effects of objective numeracy on medical outcomes.

Purpose

We briefly review the numeracy and decision-making literature and then summarize more recent literature on 3 separable effects of numeric self-efficacy. Although dual-process theories can account for the generally superior decision making of the highly numerate, they have neglected effects of numeric self-efficacy. We discuss implications for medical decision-making (MDM) research and practice. Finally, we propose a modification to dual-process theories, adding a “motivational mind” to integrate the effects of numeric self-efficacy on decision-making processes (i.e., inferences from experienced difficulty with numbers, greater persistence, and greater use of objective-numeracy skills) important to high-quality MDM.

Conclusions

The power of numeric self-efficacy (confidence) has been little considered in MDM, but many medical decisions and behaviors require persistence to be successful over time (e.g., comprehension, medical-recommendation adherence). Including numeric self-efficacy in research and theorizing will increase understanding of MDM and promote development of better decision interventions.

Highlights

Research demonstrates that objective numeracy supports better medical decisions and health outcomes. The power of numeric self-efficacy (aka numeric confidence) has been little considered but appears critical to emotional reactions and inferences that patients and others make when encountering numeric information (e.g., in decision aids) and to greater persistence in medical decision-making tasks involving numbers. The present article proposes a novel modification to dual-process theory to account for newer findings and to describe how numeracy mechanisms can be better understood. Because being able to adapt interventions to improve medical decisions depends in part on having a good theory, future research should incorporate numeric self-efficacy into medical decision-making theories and interventions.
Tell Me a Story! Blending Digital Storytelling Into Marketing Higher Education for Student Engagement
Authors: Spanjaard Daniela , Garlin Francine , Mohammed Hossain
Published: May 2022

Multimodal learning via the use of smart devices, online social interactions, and intuitive communication platforms are fundamentally changing teaching and learning settings. Consequently, educators face unique challenges around student engagement as learners increasingly look to the use of technology-enabled activities for meaningful collaboration. Within this context, this research explores the role of digital storytelling in promoting perceived individual student and group engagement, and how these interact with group functioning, in a postgraduate marketing subject. We evaluate the implementation of this assessment as an avenue to optimize the benefits of the blended learning setting. It contributes to understanding by incorporating the concept of collective, or collaborative engagement where there is a scarcity of research despite the widespread application of group assessment in business education, and marketing education in particular. We employed canonical correlation analysis as an exploratory technique to gain initial insight into its efficacy for student engagement. We contend that digital storytelling shows promise as an inherently social and interactive learning task to provide an authentic assessment for a range of marketing problems. In turn, these attributes provide a stimulating vehicle for student engagement that can promote learning and satisfaction.
Development of a deep learning-based auto-segmentation algorithm for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and application to predict microvascular invasion of HCC using CT texture analysis: preliminary results
Authors: Park Sungeun , Kim Jung Hoon , Kim Jieun , Joseph Witanto , Lee Doohee , Park Sang Joon
Published: May 2022

Background

Automatic segmentation has recently been developed to yield objective data. Prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using radiomics has been reported.

Purpose

To develop a deep learning-based auto-segmentation algorithm (DL-AS) for the detection of HCC and to predict MVI using computed tomography (CT) texture analysis.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively collected training data from 249 patients with HCC and validation set from 35 patients. Lesions of the training set were manually drawn by radiologist, in the delayed phase. 2D U-Net was selected as the DL architecture. Using the validation set, one radiologist manually drew 2D and 3D regions of interest twice, and the developed DL-AS was performed twice with a one-month time interval. The reproducibility was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Logistic regression was performed to predict MVI.

Results

ICC was in the range of 0.190–0.998/0.341–0.997 in the manual 3D/2D segmentation. In contrast, it was perfect in 3D/2D using DL-AS, with a success rate of 88.6% for the detection of HCC. For predicting MVI, sphericity was a significant parameter (odds ratio <0.001; 95% confidence interval <0.001–0.206; P = 0.020) for predicting MVI using 2D DL-AS. However, 3D DL-AS segmentation did not yield a predictive parameter.

Conclusion

The auto-segmentation of HCC using DL-AS provides perfect reproducibility, although it failed to detect 11.4% (4/35). However, the extracted parameters yielded different important predictors of MVI in HCC. Sphericity was a significant predictor in 2D DL-AS and 3D manual segmentation, while discrete compactness was a significant predictor in 2D manual segmentation.
Cross-sectional analysis of risk factors for surgical site infection secondary to spinal internal fixation via the posterior approach
Authors: Dong XiangHui , Zhou Yongchun
Published: May 2022

Objective

This study was performed to investigate the risk factors related to surgical site infection (SSI) secondary to spinal internal fixation via the posterior approach.

Methods

Patients who had undergone spinal internal fixation via the posterior approach were selected for inclusion in this cross-sectional study. Factors related to SSI were analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Among 4,350 patients, 66 had SSI (infection prevalence of 1.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age of >60 years, surgical duration of >3 hours, haemoglobin concentration of <80 g/L, serum albumin concentration of <30 g/L, diabetes history, and blood loss of >1,000 mL were significantly correlated with SSI secondary to spinal internal fixation via the posterior approach.

Conclusions

This study provides information on SSI secondary to spinal internal fixation via the posterior approach. We found that age of >60 years, surgical duration of >3 hours, haemoglobin concentration of <80 g/L, serum albumin concentration of <30 g/L, diabetes history, and blood loss of >1,000 mL are directly correlated with SSI secondary to spinal internal fixation via the posterior approach.
Predicting acute severe toxicity for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by combining dosimetry with a radiosensitivity biomarker: a pilot study
Authors: Deneuve Sophie , Bastogne Thierry , Duclos Mirlande , Mirjolet Céline , Bois Pascaline , Bachmann Patrick , Nokovitch Lara , Roux Pierre-Eric , Girodet Didier , Poupart Marc , Zrounba Philippe , Claude Line , Ferella Letizia , Iacovelli Nicola Alessandro , Foray Nicolas , Rancati Tiziana , Pereira Sandrine
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Radiotherapy (RT) against head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) may lead to severe toxicity in 30-40% of patients. The normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models, based on dosimetric data refined the normal tissue dose/volume tolerance guidelines. In parallel, the radiation-induced nucleoshuttling (RIANS) of the Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated protein (pATM) is a predictive approach of individual intrinsic radiosensitivity. Here, we combined NTCP with RADIODTECT©, a blood assay derived from the RIANS model, to predict RT toxicity in HNSCC patients.

Methods:

RADIODTECT© cutoff values (i.e. 57.8 ng/mL for grade⩾2 toxicity and 46 ng/mL for grade⩾3 toxicity) have been previously assessed. Validation was performed on a prospective cohort of 36 HNSCC patients treated with postoperative RT. Toxicity was graded with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scale and two criteria were considered: grade⩾2 oral mucositis (OM2), grade⩾3 mucositis (OM3) and grade⩾2 dysphagia (DY2), grade⩾3 dysphagia (DY3). pATM quantification was assessed in lymphocytes of HNSCC patients. The discrimination power of the pATM assay was evaluated through the Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristics Curve (AUC-ROC). Two previously described NTCP models were considered, including the dose to the oral cavity and the mean dose to the parotid glands (OM2 and OM3) and the dose to the oral cavity, to the larynx and the volume of pharyngeal constrictor muscles (DY2 and DY3).

Results:

Combining NTCP models with RADIODTECT© blood test improved the AUC-ROC. Considering the prediction of mucositis, AUC-ROCNTCP+RADIODTECT©=0.80 was for OM2, and AUC-ROCNTCP+RADIODTECT©=0.78 for OM3. Considering the prediction of acute dysphagia, AUC-ROCNTCP+RADIODTECT©=0.71 for DY2 and for DY3.

Conclusions:

Combining NTCP models with a radiosensitivity biomarker might significantly improve the prediction of toxicities for HNSCC patients.
Information bias in the Canadian occupational performance measure: A qualitative study
Authors: Sawada Tatsunori , Tomori Kounosuke , Ohno Kanta , Takahashi Kayoko , Saito Yuki , Levack William
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) is designed to measure outcomes from client-centred occupational therapy. We explored clients’ views and experiences of participating in an initial COPM assessment in order to examine the potential information bias which may influence COPM scores.

Material and methods

We used qualitative methods to analyse semi-structured interviews (qualitative thematic analysis) on clients at a typical Japanese rehabilitation hospital, to examine the potential information bias affecting their scores in their initial COPM assessment.

Results

19 of 20 clients (13 men; 7 women, aged 19–84 years) demonstrated potential sources of information bias in their COPM scores. We identified 15 sources of information bias, grouped into three domains: (1) bias during the selection of occupational areas (Misunderstanding client-centeredness, Misunderstanding meaningfulness, Misunderstanding occupation, and Composite occupations), (2) bias during the scoring of performance and satisfaction (Imaginary scores, Confusing scores of performance or satisfaction with importance, Ambiguous scores, Hopeful scores, Target scores, Emotional scores, Considerate scores and Humbleness scores) and (3) bias interfering future scoring (Changes in selected occupation, Forgotten scores, Ceiling effects).

Conclusion

This study identifies potential sources of bias affecting COPM scores, and taking account of this result would facilitate better collaboration with clients through COPM.
What is the lived experience of mothers in a Level-IV neonatal intensive care unit?
Authors: Nelson Jennifer L , Winston Kristin , Bloch Elise , Craig Jenene Woods
Published: May 2022

Rationale

Occupation-based practice in the neonatal intensive care unit may be impacted by a plethora of contextual factors. There is limited literature of the lived experience mothers have with mothering occupations for the care of premature infants in a Level-IV neonatal intensive care unit.

Methodology

A phenomenological design was used to interview mothers of premature infants in a Level-IV neonatal intensive care unit. The eight participants were mothers who had been in the neonatal intensive care unit for at least 1 month. Data was obtained via demographic form, two individual semi-structured interviews for each mother, and fieldnotes.

Results

Thematic analysis yielded five themes and two subthemes which were: unanticipated journey to becoming a mother, emotional rollercoaster, mother’s lost voice, subtheme cultural influences, roadblocks to mothering, unexpected layer to mothering occupations and subtheme support for mothering occupations. Each theme described a mother’s experience with mothering.

Conclusion

There is an importance for neonatal occupational therapists to provide support for mothering occupations for mothers from a variety of demographic and cultural backgrounds. Occupation-based practice in the neonatal intensive care unit continues to need attention for inclusion of all mothers. The findings showed that cultural humility should be practiced in family-centred care in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Progress by death: Labor precaritization and the financialization of social reproduction in South Korea
Authors: Yulee Jiwoon
Published: May 2022

This article looks at the contemporary South Korean political economy of crisis and recovery to visualize the material conditions of working-class lives and the ways in which their capacity to reproduce labor and life contradicts the regionally specific logic of ‘progress’. I visualize three critical scenes of workplace death that chart the ways in which the social reproduction capacity of the working class is fatally contracted in the era of neoliberal reforms. These scenes of death mirror the process of neoliberal transition that the financial crises of 1997 and 2008 accelerated in the region. In doing so, I articulate the notion of ‘progress by death’ as the intensified necropolitical logic of neoliberal capitalism that is led by the post-developmental state and fully transnationalized chaebol capital in South Korea. Building on feminist theories of social reproduction and the studies on the financialization of life, I argue that the logic of ‘progress by death’ as a constitutive element of financial capitalism reproduces the uneven patterns of growth and the transnational relations of violence, debt, and dispossession across Asian economies.
Perioperative management of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A narrative review
Authors: J Paul Daniel , Wright Maree , M Palmer Jonathan , B Russell Thomas
Published: May 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or motor neuron disease, is an uncommon progressive neurological disorder. Professionals working in the perioperative field may encounter patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis only rarely. The relevant published literature on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is broad in scope, but a contemporary review focused on the perioperative period is absent. This structured narrative review seeks to provide a summary of the contemporary management of patients and then focuses on eliciting if there are perioperative management considerations specific to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that can be optimised. A comprehensive structured narrative literature review, including grey literature searching, indicated worsening ventilatory failure is of prime concern but that patients may present with a broad range of neurological symptoms, and that cardiovascular and cognitive dysfunction specific to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may exist and be occult. Exacerbation of neuromuscular weakness during the perioperative period is multifaceted and requires the application of a high standard of the core principles of surgical and anaesthetic management of neuromuscular disease. Standard perioperative approaches require rigorous attention and potential exists for significant alteration. There is a potential high risk of postoperative increased morbidity from neurological decline and mortality from pulmonary complications. A meticulous approach to planning preoperative assessment, shared decision-making, intraoperative and postoperative care is required.
Cannula cricothyroidotomy in the impalpable neck: An observational study of simulated ‘can’t intubate, can’t oxygenate’ scenarios by teams following a cannula-first algorithm in live anaesthetised pigs
Authors: Wycherley Alexander S , Debenham Edward M , O’Loughlin Edmond , Anderson James R , Syed Faraz R , Raisis Anthea L
Published: May 2022

Live animal models can be used to train anaesthetists to perform emergency front-of-neck-access. Cannula cricothyroidotomy success reported in previous wet lab studies contradicts human clinical data. This prospective, observational study reports success of a cannula-first ‘can't intubate, can't oxygenate’ algorithm for impalpable anatomy during high fidelity team simulations using live, anaesthetised pigs.

Forty-two trained anaesthesia teams were instructed to follow the Royal Perth Hospital can't intubate, can't oxygenate algorithm to re-oxygenate a desaturating pig with impalpable neck anatomy (mean (standard deviation, SD) 16.2 (3.5) kg); mean (SD) tracheal internal diameter 11 (1.4) mm. Teams were informed that failure would prompt veterinary-led euthanasia.

All teams performed percutaneous cannula cricothyroidotomy as the initial technique, with a median (interquartile range, IQR (range)) start time of 42 (35–50 (24–93)) s. First-pass percutaneous cannula success was 29% to both insufflate tracheal oxygen and re-oxygenate. Insufflation success improved with repeated percutaneous attempts (up to three), but prolonged hypoxia time increasingly necessitated euthanasia (insufflation 57%; re-oxygenation 48%). First, second and third percutaneous attempts achieved insufflation at median (IQR (range)) 74 (64–91 (46–110)) s, 111 (95–136 (79–150)) s and 141 (127–159 (122–179)) s, respectively. Eighteen teams failed with percutaneous cannulae and performed scalpel techniques, predominantly dissection cannulation ( n = 17) which achieved insufflation in all cases (insufflation 100%; re-oxygenation 47%). Scalpel attempts were started at median (IQR (range)) 142 (133–218 (97–293)) s and achieved insufflation at 232 (205–303 (152–344)) s.

While percutaneous cannula cricothyroidotomy could rapidly re-oxygenate, the success rate was low and teams repeated attempts beyond the recommended 60 s time frame, delaying transition to the more successful dissection cannula technique. We recommend this ‘cannula-first’ can't intubate, can't oxygenate algorithm adopts a ‘single best effort’ strategy for percutaneous cannula, with failure prompting a scalpel technique.
Revisiting the ICHD-3 criteria for headache attributed to mild traumatic injury to the head: Insights from the Toronto Concussion Study Analysis of Acute Headaches Following Concussion
Authors: Langer Laura Kathleen , Bayley Mark Theodore , Lawrence David Wyndham , Comper Paul , Kam Alice , Tam Alan , Saverino Cristina , Wiseman-Hakes Catherine , Ruttan Lesley , Chandra Tharshini , Foster Evan , Gladstone Jonathan
Published: May 2022

Background

There is limited prospective data on the prevalence, timing of onset, and characteristics of acute headache following concussion/mild traumatic brain injury.

Methods

Adults diagnosed with concussion (arising from injuries not related to work or motor vehicle accidents) were recruited from emergency departments and seen within one week post injury wherein they completed questionnaires assessing demographic variables, pre-injury headache history, post-injury headache history, and the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT-3) symptom checklist, the Sleep and Concussion Questionnaire (SCQ) and mood/anxiety on the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI).

Results

A total of 302 participants (59% female) were enrolled (mean age 33.6 years) and almost all (92%) endorsed post-traumatic headache (PTH) with 94% endorsing headache onset within 24 hours of injury. Headache location was not correlated with site of injury. Most participants (84%) experienced daily headache. Headache quality was pressure/squeezing in 69% and throbbing/pulsing type in 22%. Associated symptoms included: photophobia (74%), phonophobia (72%) and nausea (55%). SCAT-3 symptom scores, Brief Symptom Inventory and Sleep and Concussion Questionnaire scores were significantly higher in those endorsing acute PTH. No significant differences were found in week 1 acute PTH by sex, history of migraine, pre-injury headache frequency, anxiety, or depression, nor presence/absence of post-traumatic amnesia and self-reported loss of consciousness.

Conclusions

This study highlights the very high incidence of acute PTH following concussion, the timing of onset and characteristics of acute PTH, the associated psychological and sleep disturbances and notes that the current ICHD-3 criteria for headaches attributed to mild traumatic injury to the head are reasonable, the interval between injury and headache onset should not be extended beyond seven days and could, potentially, be shorted to allow for greater diagnostic precision.
Establishment of a Quantitative Time Conversion Relationship Between Laboratory Accelerated Weathering Aging and Outdoor Natural Aging of the High-Content Polymer Modified Asphalt Applied in Porous Asphalt Pavement: From Theory to Experiment
Authors: Hu Mingjun , Ni Hangtian , Sun Daquan , Xu Lei
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the quantitative time conversion relationship between indoor accelerated weathering aging (AWA) and outdoor natural aging of the high-content polymer modified asphalt (HCPMA) applied in porous asphalt pavement from both theoretical and experimental aspects. Firstly, the calculated aging acceleration rate of the AWA test was determined based on orthogonal analysis and chemical reaction kinetics. The indoor AWA test (0–12 days) and outdoor natural aging (0–12 months) were then performed on HCPMA, and the dynamic shear rheology test and multiple stress creep recovery test were conducted to investigate the rheological properties of HCPMA. Furthermore, the measured aging acceleration rate of the AWA test was determined according to rheological index comparison and then compared with the calculated aging acceleration rate to obtain the ultimate time conversion relationship between indoor and outdoor aging. Results show that it is practical to simulate the natural aging by using the AWA test. HCPMA exhibits similar changes in macroscopic rheological properties in indoor AWA and outdoor natural aging. According to the comparison of rheological indexes, the measured aging acceleration rate of HCPMA under the harshest aging condition is 57.5–120, which is basically consistent with the calculated aging acceleration rate (66) by the chemical reaction kinetics. This further demonstrates the feasibility of this study for determining the indoor-outdoor aging time conversion relationship from theoretical and experimental aspects.