bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability after the Thermal Energy Supply in Emergency Situations: The Case Study of Abruzzi Earthquake (Italy)
Authors: Micangeli Andrea , Michelangeli Emanuele , Naso Vincenzo
Published: August 2013

Recent natural and human-induced emergencies have highlighted the vulnerability of the built environment. In order to immediately answer to people’s needs while managing an emergency, any intervention should be more proactive and take into account renewable technologies that can be applied in anemergency situation. Very few examples of renewable energy systems in emergency situations are presented in the literature and this gap needs to be filled. This paper presents the results of a project on Storage Integrated Solar Thermal Collectors, specifically studied for this kind of situations, carried out during the post-emergency and rehabilitation phases, after the earthquake in Abruzzi (2009). The overall objective of the project was to promote the advance and innovation of sustainable energy systems for the participatory use of renewable sources in post-emergency and rehabilitation phases. To raise the awareness and study the impact on social perception of renewable energy use, a special program was launched by CIRPS (Inter University Research Center on Sustainable Development of “Sapienza” University of Rome) along with L’Aquila municipality within the local population, just a few days after the earthquake. A “learning by doing” methodology was applied to carry out a participatory project, involving the local population and civil society organizations. Conclusions about the analysis of the project outcomes are presented and a set of measures aiming at increasing the renewable energy rates of displaced camps and rehabilitation phase are finally proposed.
Deletion and Gene Expression Analyses Define the Paxilline Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Penicillium paxilli
Authors: Scott Barry , Young Carolyn , Saikia Sanjay , McMillan Lisa , Monahan Brendon , Koulman Albert , Astin Jonathan , Eaton Carla , Bryant Andrea , Wrenn Ruth , Finch Sarah , Tapper Brian , Parker Emily , Jameson Geoffrey
Published: August 2013

The indole-diterpene paxilline is an abundant secondary metabolite synthesized by Penicillium paxilli. In total, 21 genes have been identified at the PAX locus of which six have been previously confirmed to have a functional role in paxilline biosynthesis. A combination of bioinformatics, gene expression and targeted gene replacement analyses were used to define the boundaries of the PAX gene cluster. Targeted gene replacement identified seven genes, paxG, paxA, paxM, paxB, paxC, paxP and paxQ that were all required for paxilline production, with one additional gene, paxD, required for regular prenylation of the indole ring post paxilline synthesis. The two putative transcription factors, PP104 and PP105, were not co-regulated with the pax genes and based on targeted gene replacement, including the double knockout, did not have a role in paxilline production. The relationship of indole dimethylallyl transferases involved in prenylation of indole-diterpenes such as paxilline or lolitrem B, can be found as two disparate clades, not supported by prenylation type (e.g., regular or reverse). This paper provides insight into the P. paxilli indole-diterpene locus and reviews the recent advances identified in paxilline biosynthesis.
Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney Vero Cells
Authors: Rasooly Reuven , Hernlem Bradley , He Xiaohua , Friedman Mendel
Published: August 2013

Aflatoxin-producing fungi contaminate food and feed during pre-harvest, storage and processing periods. Once consumed, aflatoxins (AFs) accumulate in tissues, causing illnesses in animals and humans. Most human exposure to AF seems to be a result of consumption of contaminated plant and animal products. The policy of blending and dilution of grain containing higher levels of aflatoxins with uncontaminated grains for use in animal feed implicitly assumes that the deleterious effects of low levels of the toxins are linearly correlated to concentration. This assumption may not be justified, since it involves extrapolation of these nontoxic levels in feed, which are not of further concern. To develop a better understanding of the significance of low dose effects, in the present study, we developed quantitative methods for the detection of biologically active aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Vero cells by two independent assays: the green fluorescent protein (GFP) assay, as a measure of protein synthesis by the cells, and the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, as a measure of cell viability. The results demonstrate a non-linear dose-response relationship at the cellular level. AFB1 at low concentrations has an opposite biological effect to higher doses that inhibit protein synthesis. Additional studies showed that heat does not affect the stability of AFB1 in milk and that the Vero cell model can be used to determine the presence of bioactive AFB1 in spiked beef, lamb and turkey meat. The implication of the results for the cumulative effects of low amounts of AFB1 in numerous foods is discussed.
The Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 from E. Coli: A Janus Toxin Playing with Cancer Regulators
Authors: Fabbri Alessia , Travaglione Sara , Ballan Giulia , Loizzo Stefano , Fiorentini Carla
Published: August 2013

Certain strains of Escherichia coli have been indicated as a risk factor for colon cancer. E. coli is a normal inhabitant of the human intestine that becomes pathogenic, especially in extraintestinal sites, following the acquisition of virulence factors, including the protein toxin CNF1. This Rho GTPases-activating toxin induces dysfunctions in transformed epithelial cells, such as apoptosis counteraction, pro-inflammatory cytokines’ release, COX2 expression, NF-kB activation and boosted cellular motility. As cancer may arise when the same regulatory pathways are affected, it is conceivable to hypothesize that CNF1-producing E. coli infections can contribute to cancer development. This review focuses on those aspects of CNF1 related to transformation, with the aim of contributing to the identification of a new possible carcinogenic agent from the microbial world.
An HIV Vaccine for South-East Asia—Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Pitisuttithum Punnee , Rerks-Ngarm Supachai , O'Connell Robert , Kim Jerome , Excler Jean-Louis
Published: August 2013

Recent advances in HIV vaccine development along with a better understanding of the immune correlates of risk have emerged from the RV144 efficacy trial conducted in Thailand. Epidemiological data suggest that CRF01_AE is still predominant in South-East Asia and is spreading in China with a growing number of circulating recombinant forms due to increasing human contact, particularly in large urban centers, tourist locations and in sites of common infrastructure. A vaccine countering CRF01_AE is a priority for the region. An Asia HIV vaccine against expanding B/E or BCE recombinant forms should be actively pursued. A major challenge that remains is the conduct of efficacy trials in heterosexual populations in this region. Men who have sex with men represent the main target population for future efficacy trials in Asia. Coupling HIV vaccines with other prevention modalities in efficacy trials might also be envisaged. These new avenues will only be made possible through the conduct of large-scale efficacy trials, interdisciplinary teams, international collaborations, and strong political and community commitments.
Fruit structure in Magnoliaceae s.l. and Archaeanthus and their relationships
Authors: Romanov Mikhail S. , Dilcher David L.
Published: August 2013

• Premise of the study: The family Magnoliaceae s.l. is a basal angiosperm family with two subfamilies—Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae, which differ by the types and structure of their fruits and seeds. The late Albian genus Archaeanthus shares many features of its reproductive organs with Magnoliaceae s.l., but its pericarp anatomy was never studied in detail. A broad‐scale carpological investigation of Archaeanthus and Magnoliaceae s.l. was undertaken to reveal the nature of the similarities in fruit structure and to reconstruct Archaeanthus pericarp anatomy. These data are important to determine the early stages of fruit morphogenesis and thus to clarify relationships of Archaeanthus to the taxa of Magnoliaceae s.l.

• Methods: The pericarp anatomy was studied with light microscopy, SEM, and polarizing microscopy.

• Key results: The dehiscent, polyspermous follicles shed from the receptacle of Archaeanthus share similarities with dehiscent follicles of Magnoliaceae s.s. and shedding nutlets of Liriodendron. The seeds of Archaeanthus are dorsiventrally flattened, ovoid, and encircled with a single circular wing. The pericarps of all the taxa studied are differentiated into exocarp (epidermis), multilayered mesocarp, and endocarp (fiber‐like sclereids). The mesocarp consists of parenchyma with scattered secretory cells and sclereid clusters (Magnoliaceae s.s., Archaeanthus) or composed by sclerenchyma (Liriodendron).

• Conclusions: The specializations of dehiscent multifollicles of unknown Cretaceous ancestors for different modes of seed and fruitlet dispersal formed the basis for the differentiation of two evolutionary lines with their divergence occurring more than 100 million years ago: Magnoliaceae s.s. and the Archaeanthus–Liriodendroidea–Liriodendron line (Liriodendraceae s.l.) within the order Magnoliales.
Groupe de relaxation
Authors: Raoult Patrick-Ange
Published: August 2013

À partir des hypothèses de M. Milner et de R. Roussillon sur le médium malléable et des travaux de P. Fédida et P. Lafforgues, je soulignerai l’idée que le médium est le vecteur d’une fusion d’une partie de la réalité externe, permettant la constitution d’une interface, d’une discrimination et la création d’un symbole. Il est un opérateur de transformation de l’informel en formel, du quantitatif en qualitatif, du juxtaposé en conflictuel, à partir d’une activité appropriative, au travers d’un processus de subjectivation. Les éléments sur la malléabilité du médium (défonctionnalisation des objets, subversion du support, désignification des contenus, déqualification du matériau) seraient à inclure dans une théorie de la médiation, définie par une fonction « trans », précisée par, au moins, trois termes : la transcorporation, la transfiguration et la transsymbolisation. Ceux-ci renvoient à trois types de malléabilité : le médium esthétique, le médium figuratif et le médium représentatif. Au travers d’un exemple clinique, issu d’un groupe de relaxation, il s’agira de repérer la mise en œuvre de ces opérations comme modalités d’un travail de symbolisation.
L'accompagnement de la construction de la chaîne associative groupale dans un groupe de patients schizophrènes
Authors: Gimenez Guy , Pinel Jean-Pierre , Vivier-Vacheret Claudine
Published: August 2013

Ce travail a pour but d’étudier, à partir de séquences cliniques d’un groupe de paroles, constitué de patients schizophrènes en institution spécialisée, le processus de construction d’une chaîne associative groupale. Les auteurs décrivent comment les productions morcelées et dissociées de patients schizophrènes, délirants et hallucinés, en situation de groupe, peuvent, dans certaines conditions, devenir progressivement une chaîne associative de groupe, prenant en compte les productions de chacun. Est plus particulièrement étudié comment ces patients, très régressés, sont pourtant aptes à « prêter à l’autre » des fonctions psychiques non disponibles pour eux-mêmes, comme, par exemple, la figuration. Il s’agit d’une fonction phorique particulière, le groupe devient un lieu de mise en commun et partage une « coopérative psychique » de fonctions non disponibles à chaque participant.
Introduction à une étude clinique du groupe
Authors: Grange-Ségéral Évelyne , Joubert Christiane
Published: August 2013

Après avoir constaté la disparition progressive des enseignements de psychologie sur le groupe, dans sa dimension clinique et psychanalytique, à l’université, les auteurs s’interrogent sur les raisons de ce désinvestissement en le mettant en rapport avec le contexte social et culturel. En contrepoint, elles examinent la richesse formative d’une expérience de cours universitaire, prenant appui sur le travail en groupe et référencée aux théories groupales psychanalytiques. Elles montrent comment la nécessité de travailler ensemble, sans se connaître préalablement, correspond, d’une part, à l’expérience commune et obligée de chaque citoyen, mais que, d’autre part, l’apport de la culture psychanalytique de groupe donne les outils nécessaires aux étudiants pour visualiser les mécanismes de défense, les résistances, les modes de structuration psychique et les attentes narcissiques présentes dans toutes les formes de groupement. La pensée mise en commun, la contenance collective des incertitudes, la reconnaissance et la nomination des affects et des émotions, permettent de se repérer dans la conflictualité suscitée par la rencontre intersubjective, que ce soit dans un cadre de travail ou d’aide psychologique. Les psychologues se destinant à un travail en institution, y découvrent les potentialités du fonctionnement associatif qu’ils auront à promouvoir dans les divers espaces de réunions d’équipe ou d’analyse de la pratique auxquels ils seront confrontés.
Narcissisme, créativité et prédation dans les groupes institués
Authors: Gaillard Georges , Gimenez Guy
Published: August 2013

La théorie des groupes s’est révélée d’un intérêt capital pour nous permettre de penser les dynamiques psychiques qui ont cours dans les groupes institués (les équipes), notamment, celles qui exercent dans le champ du soin et du travail social, en mettant à jour le primat de la pulsion de mort dans les institutions (Kaës, Enriquez, 1987). Nous allons nous pencher sur la constitution de ces équipes de professionnels, en soulignant le partage d’un indispensable sentiment de créativité. Nous tenterons de dégager quelques conditions de l’être en groupe dans ces institutions, soit ce que les liens d’équipes supposent de conflictualité vivifiante, en tant qu’elle fait barrage à la destructivité de chacun. Nous reviendrons, dans un deuxième temps, sur quelques aspects de la transformation du contexte social actuel, en soulignant les ruptures de filiations en cours, la levée d’une limitation de la jouissance narcissique, et les incidences de ces changements sociaux sur les sujets et les équipes. Nous nous rendrons attentifs aux mouvements de prédation, en donnant quelques illustrations paradigmatiques de ces agirs, dans lesquels la disqualification est au premier plan.
L'institution soignante à l'épreuve de l'hypermodernité
Authors: Pinel Jean-Pierre , Gaillard Georges
Published: August 2013

En appui sur une pratique de supervision d’équipes conduite dans différents établissements ou services psychiatriques, médico-sociaux et sociaux, ce texte a pour objet de mieux comprendre certaines répercussions cliniques catastrophiques des transformations contemporaines de leur arrière-plan social et culturel. Ces transformations, qui affectent les idéaux et les valeurs instituantes fondatrices, s’associent, dans de nombreux sites, à une perte, engendrée par le départ d’une génération de fondateurs. Il en résulte un télescopage traumatique, qui affecte insensiblement les organisateurs psychiques et les conteneurs symboliques des établissements et services. L’article tente de montrer que cette fragilisation du métacadre induit des fonctionnements isomorphiques, tels que l’ensemble fonctionne, de manière durable, sur le même mode que la pathologie qu’elle est chargée de traiter.
Réflexions sur le cadre en thérapie familiale psychanalytique... pour les familles recomposées
Authors: Lemaire Jean-Georges , Aubertel Françoise , Baron-Preter Brigitte
Published: August 2013

Pour les familles recomposées, engager une thérapie familiale psychanalytique implique des préalables : l’accord du parent qui n’y participera pas, la prise de sens du lien de filiation et de la différence générationnelle pour chacun des partenaires. Les indications de TFP se réfèrent principalement aux pathologies de la fonction alpha familiale, aux pathologies du lien et à celles de la parentalité. La complexité du champ de ces pathologies familiales, ajoutée à celle de la recomposition familiale, nécessite un travail préliminaire avec le nouveau couple, ce qui permettra d’envisager au préalable les souffrances vécues au niveau de la ou des fratries. Jean-G. Lemaire et Françoise Aubertel insistent sur le temps et la réflexion nécessaires pour permettre une élaboration suffisante pendant ce travail préliminaire et fixer le cadre de la TFP .
Le nouveau couple de la famille recomposée
Authors: Barraband Maryvonne
Published: August 2013

La recomposition familiale est omniprésente dans la clinique contemporaine. En qualité d’événement singulier, elle est l’occasion de remaniements psychiques. La fréquente demande de thérapie familiale doit être l’objet d’une écoute attentive, lorsqu’elle porte la vive empreinte des contenus négatifs mobilisés lors de l’ancienne alliance. La thérapie du néocouple est un dispositif pertinent pour remettre au travail les contenus refoulés niés et clivés que le pacte dénégatif ne contient plus. L’auteur, à travers deux exemples cliniques, explore la nouvelle alliance de la recomposition familiale.
Réflexions théorico-cliniques sur l'accompagnement de familles en « lieu neutre »
Authors: Desveaux Jean-Baptiste
Published: August 2013

RÉSUMÉ Cet écrit témoigne d’une pratique au sein d’un « lieu neutre », un espace de rencontre pour parents et enfants séparés. À partir d’interrogations sur le dispositif, le cadre et les fonctions de l’institution, l’auteur propose une analyse des spécificités de l’accompagnement de l’exercice du droit de visite entre parent et enfant. La prise en compte du transfert permet de mettre en lumière comment l’accueillant et l’institution peuvent être « utilisés » par les familles. Cette pratique requiert de constamment s’interroger sur le positionnement des professionnels à l’égard des familles, afin de pouvoir mobiliser une implication des parents dans le dispositif d’accompagnement qui ne soit pas entravée par les effets du contretransfert.
Dépenses militaires et dynamiques de restructuration du secteur de la défense
Authors: Gentilucci Eleonora
Published: August 2013

Cet article est développé en deux sections. Dans la première nous essayons d’expliquer la dynamique des dépenses militaires et d’autres dépenses sociales dans la période 1988-2010 aux États-Unis. D’après les données empiriques, nous soutenons la thèse selon laquelle il y a un remarquable effet d’arbitrage dans l’allocation des dépenses publiques, car souvent, l’augmentation des dépenses militaires est faite au détriment des dépenses pour l’éducation, la sécurité sociale et la santé. Dans la deuxième section, nous analysons la transition de l’ancien « complexe militaro-industriel » au nouveau « système militaro-sécuritaire », compte tenu de la restructuration de l’industrie de la défense. Nous mettons l’accent, en particulier, sur le rôle de la financiarisation et de la concentration industrielle des entreprises. Codes JEL : H, H56, L, N4, P
Localisation et intensité des prélèvements de bois de feu autour de Bamako (Mali) : une approche par un modèle d'interaction spatiale
Authors: Gazull Laurent , Gautier Denis , Raton Gwenaëlle
Published: August 2013

En Afrique sub-saharienne, le bois-énergie est la première source énergétique des populations rurales et urbaines. La demande croissante des villes menace la durabilité des ressources forestières périphériques. Dans ce contexte, la connaissance des bassins d’approvisionnement est un enjeu majeur pour la définition de politiques de gestion des ressources ligneuses. La modélisation spatiale de l’aire d’approvisionnement de Bamako (Mali) met en évidence que le principal facteur d’explication des flux de bois réside dans l’organisation socio-économique des ventes en zone rurale. Ainsi, le modèle dément une vision orthodoxe du bassin d’approvisionnement qui voudrait que la localisation et l’intensité des prélèvements de bois soient déterminées uniquement par le coût de transport et l’abondance de la ressource. Au delà de son apport empirique aux théories de la localisation, le modèle offre un instrument pertinent pour la définition et la planification des actions à mettre en œuvre afin de rendre l’approvisionnement de Bamako plus durable.
Mycotoxins and female reproduction: in vitro approaches
Authors: Santos R.R. , Schoevers E.J. , Roelen B.A.J. , Fink-Gremmels J.
Published: August 2013

Exposure to mycotoxins has been linked to adverse effects on female reproduction by interfering with the synthesis, metabolism or degradation of steroid hormones, interaction with steroid receptors or impairing oocyte maturation and competence. To assess such effects, many studies initially focussed on possible endocrine actions of mycotoxins using specific cell lines known to express key enzymes involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones. Using these models, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and aflatoxin B1 were claimed to be endocrine active substances. As yet, zearalenone is the only mycotoxin for which a direct interaction with oestrogen receptors could be demonstrated, classifying this mycotoxin as an endocrine disruptor. Mycotoxin exposure of complex cell systems like ovarian follicles at the earliest (primordial) to most advanced (pre-ovulatory) stages can serve not only as the first indication of the potential of a mycotoxin to affect female reproduction, but also provides insight in specific mechanisms involved in such an effect and identifies vulnerable phases in follicle development. Zearalenone is the most widely studied mycotoxin regarding female reproduction, but effects on oocyte maturation have also been demonstrated for deoxynivalenol. Exposure to zearalenone impairs the formation of primordial, while its metabolite ?-zearalenol is more harmful to fertilised oocytes than zearalenone itself. This short overview aims to provide an introduction into the different models, such as cell lines and oocytes, commonly used to assess the potential adverse effects of mycotoxins on female reproduction.
“Click, Drag, Think!”
Authors: Gawlick Thomas
Published: August 2013

The author points out that to fully exploit the heuristic potential of Dynamic Geometry Software (DGS) and to increase the heuristic literacy of students, extant DGS teaching units have to be ameliorated in several ways. Thus the author develops a twofold conceptual framework: heuristic reconstruction and heuristic instrumentation of problems. Its origin is rooted in the literature, its use is demonstrated by various examples, and its value is made plausible by an introductory teaching unit an advanced case study.
Interactive Applets in Calculus and Engineering Courses
Authors: Burgiel Heidi , Lieberman Chad , Miller Haynes , Willcox Karen
Published: August 2013

This chapter reports on the use of specialized computer applets (“Mathlets”) in two different contexts: on-line instruction in calculus through MIT OpenCourseWare and on-campus laboratory exercises on stability of difference schemes in class. Specific applets are described. Three use cases with varying levels of sophistication (elementary, intermediate, and advanced) are outlined.
More than Just Data
Authors: Anders Brent A.
Published: August 2013

Increasing amounts of information are being generated and distributed to students and the public in general without regards for how this data will be processed, integrated, and recalled. This chapter seeks to present how, through the use of motivation, salient and multimodal examples, and properly created/regulated feedback, information presented can be much better learned and experienced so as to aid in overall comprehension and learning. The Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction (ARCS) model is highlighted when discussing how to motivate student and content viewers (Keller, 1987). Additional research findings with regards to the use of multimodalities, the use of examples, and proper implementation of feedback is also presented. Examples are provided as to how an educational facilitator might use this information in presentations and digital content distribution.
Weaving Web 2.0 and Facial Expression Recognition into the 3D Virtual English Classroom
Authors: Shih Ya-Chun
Published: August 2013

Of late, considerable attention has been given to the linking or “mashing up” of virtual worlds and Web 2.0 tools. The authors incorporated several Web 2.0 tools, including blogs, audioblogs, wikis, Facebook, Twitter, and Flickr, and a facial expression organizer together into the 3D Virtual English Classroom called VEC3D 5.0, thereby opening up new possibilities for collaborative language learning. In considering the needs of language learners, this study combines synchronous and asynchronous learning environments and methods to propose a blended language learning solution. VEC3D 5.0 offers the possibility of applying situated learning, multimodal communication, and facial expression recognition to language learning and teaching. VEC3D 5.0 has shown itself to possess tremendous potential as an optimal language learning environment. Integrating Web 2.0 applications in the form of open social networking and information sharing tools into VEC3D 5.0 supports collaborative and reflective language learning, and in particular, writing and cultural learning. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of a hybrid prototype solution, which combines the inherent strengths of both virtual environments and Web 2.0 applications, and to provide a framework for developing innovative pedagogies for experiential language learning in this context.
Multimodal Mapping of a University’s Formal and Informal Online Brand
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: August 2013

With the popularization of the Social Web (or Read-Write Web) and millions of participants in these interactive spaces, institutions of higher education have found it necessary to create online presences to promote their university brands, presence, and reputation. An important aspect of that engagement involves being aware of how their brand is represented informally (and formally) on social media platforms. Universities have traditionally maintained thin channels of formalized communications through official media channels, but in this participatory new media age, the user-generated contents and communications are created independent of the formal public relations offices. The university brand is evolving independently of official controls. Ex-post interventions to protect university reputation and brand may be too little, too late, and much of the contents are beyond the purview of the formal university. Various offices and clubs have institutional accounts on Facebook as well as wide representation of their faculty, staff, administrators, and students online. There are various microblogging accounts on Twitter. Various photo and video contents related to the institution may be found on photo- and video-sharing sites, like Flickr, and there are video channels on YouTube. All this digital content is widely available and may serve as points-of-contact for the close-in to more distal stakeholders and publics related to the institution. A recently available open-source tool enhances the capability for crawling (extracting data) these various social media platforms (through their Application Programming Interfaces or “APIs”) and enables the capture, analysis, and social network visualization of broadly available public information. Further, this tool enables the analysis of previously hidden information. This chapter introduces the application of Network Overview, Discovery and Exploration for Excel (NodeXL) to the empirical and multimodal analysis of a university’s electronic presence on various social media platforms and offers some initial ideas for the analytical value of such an approach.
Information Visualization Techniques for Big Data
Authors: Hsu William H.
Published: August 2013

This chapter presents challenges and recommended practices for visualizing data about phenomena that are observed or simulated across space and time. Some data may be collected for the express purpose of answering questions through quantitative analysis and simulation, especially about future occurrences or continuations of the phenomena – that is, prediction. In this case, analytical computations may serve two purposes: to prepare the data for presentation and to answer questions by producing information, especially an informative model, that can also be visualized. These purposes may have significant overlap. Thus, the focus of the chapter is about analytical techniques for visual display of quantitative data and information that scale up to large data sets. It begins by surveying trends in educational and scientific use of visualization and reviewing taxonomies of data to be visualized. Next, it reviews aspects of spatiotemporal data that pose challenges, such as heterogeneity and scale, along with techniques for dealing specifically with geospatial data and text. An exploration of concrete applications then follows. Finally, tenets of information visualization design, put forward by Tufte and other experts on data representation and presentation, are considered in the context of analytical applications for heterogeneous data in spatiotemporal domains.
Using Social Network Analysis to Examine Social Hierarchies and Team Dynamics on Instructional Design Projects
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: August 2013

Social network diagrams have been an important part of understanding social dynamics from dyads all the way to human civilizations. In e-learning, social networks have been used to evaluate how online learners engage with each other and what the implications of that may be for the quality of learning. In this chapter, social networks are used to evaluate various social aspects of the development teams in their work. A number of contemporary Instructional Design (ID) projects, described briefly as comparative case studies in the chapter, are used as the contexts for these social networks and visualizations. While these depictions tend to be systemic-level ones, there are insights from considering the micro/ego-level views. The objectives of this chapter are to introduce one approach to the uses of social network visualizations in analyzing the internal and external social dynamics of instructional design across a number of institutions of higher education.
Gain, Noise Figure and Efficiency Characteristics of an L-Band Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier
Authors: Alaruri Sami D.
Published: August 2013

In this work, the construction of a single stage L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier which incorporates a short 5.1 m erbium doped fiber coil is described. Gain and noise figure measurements as a function of forward, backward and counter-propagating CW 1480 nm pumping schemes at different pump power levels are presented. Further, the Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) power conversion efficiency (PCE) calculations as a function of pump power are provided.
Market Value Impacts of Information Technology Enabled Supply Chain Management Initiatives
Authors: Ranganathan C. , Ye Chen , Jha Sanjeev
Published: August 2013

This study investigates the market value impacts of IT-enabled supply chain systems using event study method. The authors examine abnormal stock returns to investments in IT-enabled SCM systems announced by 346 firms from 2001 to 2004, and find significant, positive abnormal returns for two, three, and five day periods surrounding the event date. Further, the authors employ organizational integration perspective to test if market value impacts differ based on the functional scope, physical scope and the industry context of the SCM systems adopted by the firms. Using a multiple regression analysis, the authors find the abnormal returns to be greater for firms investing in SCM systems with greater functional scope and physical scope. The authors find marginal evidence for the effect of industry context and no impact of firm size on the market value generated from investments in SCM systems.
Task Difficulty and Time Constraint in Programmer Multitasking
Authors: Sanjram Premjit K. , Gupta Meenakshi
Published: August 2013

The present study investigates how task difficulty and time constraint affect prospective memory (ProM) performance in programmer multitasking (N = 60). The results indicate that an increase in task difficulty and time constraint has a detrimental effect on ProM performance. Moreover, participants are able to successfully complete fewer difficult programs as compared to easier programs regardless of time constraint. Analysis shows that difficulty of the programming problems does not necessarily have a significant effect on cognitive workload (in short, workload) experienced by the programmers. Time constraint has a significant effect on workload experienced by the programmers. The results not only suggest a ProM performance decrement under high urgency (HU) as compared to low urgency (LU) but also show that time constraint has a significant effect on workload. Multiple regression analysis reveals that temporal demand is the most critical dimension of workload which explains 46% of the variation.
Stochastically Balancing Trees for File and Database Systems
Authors: Barbar Aziz , Ismail Anis
Published: August 2013

With the constant improvement in data storage technologies, a new generation of indexing mechanisms is to be created to exploit the improvements in disk access speeds that were previously impractical. The self-balancing tree B-Tree, has long been the indexing structure of choice for reducing the amount of disk access at the expense of size of data block to be read or written. A new technique based on a dynamically growing multilevel list structure, which is stochastically balanced rather than self balanced, is discussed and compared to the B-Tree. An analogy between the technique and the structures is established to better compare the computational complexities.
EnergIT
Authors: Capra Eugenio , Cremonesi Paolo , Francalanci Chiara , Merlo Francesco , Parolini Nicola
Published: August 2013

Researches on green data centers have defined guidelines and end-to-end methodologies to increase energy efficiency. Most of these approaches require a disrupting reengineering of the infrastructure and significant upfront investments. Smaller data centers need to reach green objectives with a more incremental approach. The EnergIT project proposes a methodology and related tools that support the incremental redesign of data centers toward greater energy efficiency based on three main levers: 1) physical repositioning of servers to optimize air flow circulation and cooling, enabling higher set temperatures of the cooling system; 2) replacement of server models; and 3) virtualization. This paper describes the approach and provides evidence on the effectiveness of the methodology by showing how the combined effect of the three levers has led to 62% reduction of energy consumption in a real case study.
SPT-Based Probabilistic Method for Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential of Soil Using Multi-Gene Genetic Programming
Authors: Muduli Pradyut Kumar , Das Sarat Kumar
Published: August 2013

The present study discusses about evaluation of liquefaction potential of soil within a probabilistic framework based on the standard penetration test (SPT) dataset using evolutionary artificial intelligence technique, multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP). Based on the developed limit state function, a relationship is given between probability of liquefaction and factor of safety against liquefaction using Bayesian theory. This Bayesian mapping function is further used to develop a probabiliy based design chart for evaluation of liquefaction potential of soil. Using an independent database the efficacy of present MGGP based probabilistic model is compared with the available artificial neural network (ANN) and statistical models in terms of rate of successful prediction of liquefaction and non-liquefaction cases. The proposed MGGP based model is found to be more accurate compared to other models.
Dynamic Analysis of Homogenize Earthen Dam Using Blanket Layer Technique
Authors: Gordan Behrouz , Adnan Azlan Bin
Published: August 2013

Construction of earthen dams has developed quickly to access water and electricity. The earthquake phenomena can generate cracks at the crest, and transferred them to the structural body. It has occurred during the interaction between structure and reservoir. In this context, some reinforcement techniques have experienced according to the literature. They have included a perpendicular drain, prefabricated vertical drain, Geosynthetic in some layers within the structure, Pile, injection and cut off wall system on the dam foundation. Most of them controlled this aspect costly. The Finite-element method has applied via plane strain aspect using the ANSYS13. This paper evaluated effects of using blanket layer between a short homogenized earthen dam and weak foundation on the dynamic behavior throughout the seismic process. As a result, clay soil in the blanket layer with a modulus elasticity ratio equal to 2.50 between it, and loose sand of foundation has indicated the optimal approach. It has revealed that, this method can be changed the situation of the minimum and maximum value of shear stress when it has located in the middle of the foundation without the blanket layer at the end of vibration.
Marketing vs. Games in Secondary School
Authors: Bedi Krunoslav , Hrustek Nikolina Žajdela
Published: August 2013

Increases of the Internet users have drastically increased the number of media via which companies promote their products. One of such media are computer games. This paper investigates the perception of secondary school students as to the ads appearing in the games as well as their opinions and the experience they have gathered up to now regarding the advertising in the computer games. The first group of students encountered the term advertising and took part as well in creating a computer game intended to be the main advertising media. The second group did not have such experience. Among other things, the making of the computer game dubbed XcarPerformance was described. The results of the research indicated that the way of advertising in the computer and video games should be changed. Previously acquired knowledge and the present experience in advertising played a crucial role in the perception of advertising.
Exploring Behaviors and Perceptions Affecting the Adoption of Cloud Computing
Authors: Ratten Vanessa
Published: August 2013

Cloud computing is a technological innovation that has been marketed to consumers as a revolution in the way people store and communicate data information. This paper extends previous research on technology adoption behavior of individuals by focusing on the role of e-business entrepreneurs in facilitating cloud computing services. As there are a number of technology adoption theories that can explain the process, this paper reviews the major innovation theories but focuses on social cognitive theory for its theoretical framework. Social cognitive theory is identified in this paper as being the most appropriate theoretical lens to understand e-business entrepreneurship as it focuses on social learning, which is an important determinant of a person adopting cloud computing services. A theoretical framework is developed based on social cognitive theory, which focuses on the role of mobile marketing, a person’s emotions and belief system on their intention to adopt cloud computing services. The findings from this paper may help to bridge the gap between practical usages of new technological innovations like cloud computing services with the impact of e-business strategies on a person’s behavior. This paper also has a number of managerial implications for technology marketers that include focusing on a person’s emotions and belief system on their intention to adopt e-business technologies. Future research avenues for technology marketers of cloud computing services are stated in the paper that highlight the importance of facilitating e-business entrepreneurs to further develop mobile technological innovations.
Financial Evaluation and Optimization of Business Processes
Authors: Sampathkumaran Partha B. , Wirsing Martin
Published: August 2013

Designing and optimizing a Business Process based on its financial parameters is a challenging task which requires well defined approaches, actions and recommendations which when implemented lead to tangible and quantifiable results. In this paper the authors consider Business Processes represented through the Business Process Modeling Notation with their Costs evaluated through a pattern based methodology. Using this concept of Cost calculation the authors analyze the effect of different well known best practices on the financial parameters of the process. In this study the authors also evaluate the impact of each task in a process on the overall Cost through Sensitivity Analysis leading to a structured approach to parameter variation to achieve financial optimization. The study briefly introduces the Business Process Modeling Notation, Workflow Patterns, and available Performance Measures Evaluation Techniques and recommends an adaptation of Devils Quadrangle suitable for impact evaluation.
From Frequent Features to Frequent Social Links
Authors: Stattner Erick , Collard Martine
Published: August 2013

Standard data mining techniques have been applied and adapted for eliciting knowledge from social networks, by achieving classical tasks such as classification, search for frequent patterns or link prediction. Most works have exploited only the network topological structure, and therefore cannot be used to answer questions involving nodes features. For instance, the frequent pattern discovery task generally refers to the search for sub-networks frequently found in a single network or in a set of networks. In the same area, this paper focuses on the concept of frequent link that stands as a regularity found in a network on links between node groups that share common characteristics. The extraction of such links from a social network is a particularly challenging and computationally intensive problem, since it is much dependent on the number of links and attributes. In this study, the authors propose a solution for reducing the search space of frequent links, by filtering the nodes features on a criterion of frequency. The authors make the assumption that frequent links occur between sets of features that are themselves frequent. This property is used to reduce the search space and speed up the extraction process. The authors empirically show that it is well founded, and they discuss the efficiency of the solution in terms of computation time and number of frequent patterns found depending on several frequency thresholds.
Software Engineering Research Gaps in the Cloud
Authors: Venkatraman Sitalakshmi
Published: August 2013

This paper takes a systematic review methodology to unearth the reason for a slow adoption of cloud computing by businesses, despite the user interests and cloud advancements gained recently. The key finding is that the IT industry has taken different modelling approaches to engineer and deliver the cloud services based on the goals of different key cloud players, thereby raising various adoption challenges and concerns. In this context, there is a need for rethinking Software Engineering concepts. This motivates us to question whether the existing Software Engineering theories and modelling principles are sufficient for the new cloud computing paradigm. Due to the paucity of a comprehensive review in literature, the main aim of this review article is to identify such research gaps and insufficiencies in Software Engineering, and to provide recommendations for bridging these gaps. In this work, the systemic review of the state of the art of cloud computing has resulted in identifying four major cloud modelling gaps that require prime attention. The paper discusses these gaps and identifies the key Software Engineering challenges prevalent in addressing each of these gaps. Finally, the author proposes five topmost research recommendations specifically designed for overcoming these gaps/challenges in order to facilitate a sustainable cloud adoption. Overall, the author’s findings have established the need to rethink Software Engineering theories for arriving at a multilateral or distributed cloud modelling approach. With such rethinking, the proposed cloud design automatically incorporates cloud user-roles, interoperability, intelligent automation and trusted cloud infrastructure strategies for achieving a sustainable cloud framework of the future.
Injuries in a Japanese Division I Collegiate American Football Team: A 3-Season Prospective Study
Authors: Iguchi Junta , Yamada Yosuke , Kimura Misaka , Fujisawa Yoshihiko , Hojo Tatsuya , Kuzuhara Kenji , Ichihashi Noriaki
Published: August 2013

Context:

Previous research on American football injuries in Japan has focused on incidence proportion in terms of the number of injuries divided by the number of players. This is the first study to examine injury rates over several seasons.

Objective:

To conduct a prospective study of injuries in a Japanese Division I collegiate American football team over the 2007 through 2009 seasons.

Design:

Cohort study.

Setting:

Collegiate football team at Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.

Patients or Other Participants:

All 289 athletes who played on the collegiate Division I football team during the 2007 through 2009 seasons.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

A certified athletic trainer kept a daily record of all practice and game injuries. Injury rates were calculated according to season, injury type, body part, severity, and mechanism. Injuries were also analyzed according to position of player, school year, and playing experience.

Results:

The game injury rate (GIR; 32.7 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures) was higher than the practice injury rate (PIR; 10.9 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures) over the 3 seasons (P < .05). The PIR was higher among Japanese players than the comparable United States collegiate football injury rates (5.8–7.0 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures). Ankle and foot injuries occurred more frequently during games, whereas thigh and gluteal injuries occurred more frequently during practices.

Conclusions:

Our data show differences between games and practices in terms of injury rates, body parts injured, and positions of players injured. The high PIR in Japan may be due to the increased contact during practices and length of practices compared with the United States. Further research involving multiple teams is recommended to validate the trends noted in this study. The expanded data set could assist in the development of safety regulations and preventive interventions for Japanese football.