bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A tailored electrolyte for safe and durable potassium ion batteries
Authors: Fan Ling , Xie Huabin , Hu Yanyao , Caixiang Zhuoma , Rao Apparao M. , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan
Published: January 2023

Electrolytes are critical for the safety and long-term cyclability of potassium ion batteries. Here, a low-concentration, non-flammable, and weakly solvating electrolyte enables the cycling stability of K||graphite cell for over 2 years.
Linolenic acid ameliorates sarcopenia in C. elegans by promoting mitophagy and fighting oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhang Xueyi , Zhang Tao , Guo Yiwen , Pei Wenjun , Liu Ruijie , Chang Ming , Wang Xingguo
Published: January 2023

Sarcopenia is a syndrome of age-related loss of muscle mass and strength that seriously affects human health, and there are currently no effective drugs to treat the disease.
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL-99 ameliorates colitis-related lung injury in mice by modulating short-chain fatty acid production and inflammatory monocytes/macrophages
Authors: Nan Xinmei , Zhao Wen , Liu Wei-Hsien , Li Yalan , Li Na , Hong Yanfei , Cui Jiaqi , Shang Xuekai , Feng Haotian , Hung Wei-Lian , Peng Guiying
Published: January 2023

Oral administration of BL-99 can enrich the beneficial SCFA-producing bacteria, restrain the pathogenic microbes and preclude the infiltration of pulmonary inflammatory monocyte/macrophage, therefore alleviating colitis-related lung injury.
Combinatorial non-covalent assembly of graphene oxide and chromophores into hybrid nanofilms for organic electronics
Authors: Gusarova Elizaveta A. , Zvyagina Alexandra I. , Aleksandrov Alexey E. , Averin Alexey A. , Tameev Alexey R. , Kalinina Maria A.
Published: January 2023

Functionally different 2D hybrids were assembled by using the same starting set of components comprising graphene oxide, perylene chromophore, polydiacetylene surfactant and divalent ions to modulate the properties of resulting systems.
Synthesis and proton conducting ability of a crystalline 3-D vanadoborate with [V6B20] architectures
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Wang Xianyu , Guo Biao , Zhao Sisi , Zhou Lijing , Kong Lian , Zhao Zhen
Published: January 2023

A 3-D vanadoborate based on the rare [V6B20] cluster was successfully synthesized and exhibits good proton conductivity.
A comparison of fixation methods for SEM analysis of self-assembling peptide hydrogel nanoarchitecture
Authors: McFetridge Meg L. , Kulkarni Ketav , Hilsenstein Volker , Del Borgo Mark P. , Aguilar Marie-Isabel , Ricardo Sharon D.
Published: January 2023

SEM preparation techniques for self-assembling peptide hydrogels can have dramatic influence on apparent structure.
Bubble-blowing-inspired sub-micron thick freestanding silk films for programmable electronics
Authors: Li Qingsong , Bai Fengjiao , Sun Jing , Zhou Xiaomeng , Yuan Wei , Lin Jin , Zhang Ke-Qin , Li Guanglin , Liu Zhiyuan
Published: January 2023

Inspired by bubble-blowing, sub-micron thick freestanding silk films with controllable geometries were easily prepared by dip-coating closed-loop frames in silk fibroin aqueous solutions.
Electric, magnetic, and shear field-directed assembly of inorganic nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Huayang , Li Hao , Gu Pan , Huang Caili , Chen Senbin , Hu Chenglong , Lee Eunji , Xu Jiangping , Zhu Jintao
Published: January 2023

The external field-directed assembly of nanoparticles becomes a robust method to fabricate functional materials. In this review, the effects of electric field, magnetic field, and shear field on the self-assembly of nanoparticles are highlighted.
Liquid phase IR detector based on the photothermal effect of reduced graphene oxide-doped liquid crystals
Authors: Adeshina Mohammad A. , Lee Hakseon , Mareddi BharathKumar , Kang Daekyung , Ogunleye Abdulazeez M. , Kim Hyunmin , Kim Taewan , Choi Muhan , Park Hongsik , Park Jonghoo
Published: January 2023

A novel approach to detecting infrared radiation has been developed that utilizes the photothermal effect in rGO-doped liquid crystal, capable of detecting not only infrared, but also the temperature change and energy deposited in the detector.
Effect of non-covalent self-dimerization on the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of mixed Cu(i) complexes
Authors: Cáceres-Vásquez Joaquín , Jara Danilo H. , Costamagna Juan , Martínez-Gómez Fabián , Silva Carlos P. , Lemus Luis , Freire Eleonora , Baggio Ricardo , Vera Cristian , Guerrero Juan
Published: January 2023

Organized crystal packing from non-covalent dimers and the self-dimerization in solution of Cu(NN′)(PPh3)Br] were characterized. Differences in Cu(ii)/Cu(i) potentials between the monomer and dimer are modulated by the non-covalent interactions.
Green and cost-effective voltammetric assay for spiramycin based on activated glassy carbon electrode and its applications to urine and milk samples
Authors: Noureldin Hind A. M. , Abdel-Aziz Ali M. , Mabrouk Mokhtar M. , Saad Amira H. K. , Badr Ibrahim H. A.
Published: January 2023

An electrochemically activated glassy carbon electrode was utilized as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and operationally simple sensor for sensitive and selective determination of spiramycin in dosage form, spiked milk and urine samples.
Predicting the high heating value and nitrogen content of torrefied biomass using a support vector machine optimized by a sparrow search algorithm
Authors: Xiaorui Liu , Jiamin Yang , Longji Yuan
Published: January 2023

A SVM model with RBF kernel function combined with SSA optimization was developed to predict the HHV and N content of torrefied biomass based on the feedstock properties and torrefaction conditions.
N-oxide ligands for selective separations of lanthanides: insights from computation
Authors: Liu Tongyu , Ivanov Alexander S. , Popovs Ilja , Jansone-Popova Santa , Jiang De-en
Published: January 2023

N-oxide ligands, combined with pyridinic N groups, are predicted to offer attractive La(iii)/Ln(iii) selectivities for rare-earth separations.
PdO@CoSe2 composites: efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation in alkaline media
Authors: Hanan Abdul , Solangi Muhammad Yameen , Jaleel laghari Abdul , Shah Aqeel Ahmed , Aftab Umair , Ibupoto Zahoor Ahmed , Abro Muhammad Ishaque , Lakhan Muhammad Nazim , Soomro Irfan Ali , Dawi Elmuez A. , Al Karim Haj Ismail Abd , Mustafa Elfatih , Vigolo Brigitte , Tahira Aneela , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain
Published: January 2023

In this study, we have prepared cobalt selenide (CoSe2) due to its useful aspects from a catalysis point of view such as abundant active sites from Se edges, and significant stability in alkaline conditions.
Direct fluoroalkylthiolation of indoles with iodofluoroethane enabled by Na2S2O4
Authors: Yu Nianhua , Huang Jianjian , Leng Faqiang
Published: January 2023

A simple and efficient approach for the fluoroalkylthiolation of indoles with iodofluoroethane and Na2S2O4 was established. Various fluoroalkylthiolated indoles/2,3′-biindoles could be produced through this method.
Structural features of interfacial water predict the hydrophobicity of chemically heterogeneous surfaces
Authors: Dallin Bradley C. , Kelkar Atharva S. , Van Lehn Reid C.
Published: January 2023

Molecular simulations and data-centric analysis identify five features of water structure that can be used to accurately predict the hydrophobicity of a large set of surfaces with varying polar groups, compositions, and nanoscale surface patterns.
Conformations of polyolefins on platinum catalysts control product distribution in plastics recycling
Authors: Zare Mehdi , Kots Pavel A. , Caratzoulas Stavros , Vlachos Dionisios G.
Published: January 2023

The design of catalysts for the chemical recycling of plastic waste will benefit greatly from an intimate knowledge of the interfacial polymer–catalyst interactions that determine reactant and product distributions.
Selective chemical reagents to investigate the role of caspase 6 in apoptosis in acute leukemia T cells
Authors: Groborz Katarzyna M. , Kalinka Małgorzata , Grzymska Justyna , Kołt Sonia , Snipas Scott J. , Poręba Marcin
Published: January 2023

Activated effector caspases 3, 6 and 7 are responsible for cleaving a number of target substrates, leading to the ultimate destruction of cells via apoptosis.
Saddle-shaped aza-nanographene with multiple odd-membered rings
Authors: Krzeszewski Maciej , Dobrzycki Łukasz , Sobolewski Andrzej L. , Cyrański Michał K. , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: January 2023

Saddle-shaped nanographene encompassing a pyrrolopyrrole core possesses an unusual propensity to oxidize (EHOMO= −4.44 eV) while being stable at ambient conditions.
Practical, scalable, and transition metal-free visible light-induced heteroarylation route to substituted oxindoles
Authors: Majhi Jadab , Granados Albert , Matsuo Bianca , Ciccone Vittorio , Dhungana Roshan K. , Sharique Mohammed , Molander Gary A.
Published: January 2023

A novel photoinduced heteroarylation route to substituted oxindoles is disclosed.
Metal-dependent base pairing of bifacial iminodiacetic acid-modified uracil bases for switching DNA hybridization partner
Authors: Mori Keita , Takezawa Yusuke , Shionoya Mitsuhiko
Published: January 2023

A novel N,N-dicarboxymethyl-5-aminouracil (dcaU) nucleobase was found to form both a hydrogen-bonded dcaU–A and a metal-mediated dcaU–GdIII–dcaU base pair. The hybridization partner of the dcaU-containing DNA was altered in response to GdIII ions.
Galvanic-driven deposition of large-area Prussian blue films for flexible battery-type electrochromic devices
Authors: Ding Yanfang , Sun Huanhuan , Li Zhihao , Jia Chunmei , Ding Xiaogang , Li Can , Wang Jian-Gan , Li Zhen
Published: January 2023

A flexible Prussian blue electrode has been finely fabricated by galvanic-driven deposition for building mechanically stable Zn/PB flexible battery-type electrochromic devices.
A novel CF/Ti/β-PbO2 composite anode for zinc electrowinning: preparation, electrochemical properties and application
Authors: Hu Changyu , Liu Jianhua , Zhang Man , Zeng Siya , Guo Shenghui , Xu Lei , Yu Lingfei
Published: January 2023

The CF/Ti/β-PbO2 composite was prepared for the first time by thermal decomposition and electrodeposition. Compared with the Pb–Ag anode, the current efficiency and service life of the CF/Ti/β-PbO2 anode increased by 14.92% and 232%, respectively.
Ultrathin metal−organic layers/carbon nitride nanosheet composites as 2D/2D heterojunctions for efficient CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Yang Wei , Lin Xiao , Shi Wen-Jie , Zhang Ji-Hong , Wang Yu-Chen , Deng Ji-Hua , Zhong Di-Chang , Lu Tong-Bu
Published: January 2023

Metal−organic layers (MOLs), with well-defined, abundant active sites and good electron transport capabilities, are ideal platforms for studying the photoreduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals feedstocks in 2D/2D assembled materials.
Improving crossing of multiple bio-delivery barriers by a novel bio-interface design based on hydrophobic nanoparticle surfaces
Authors: Dai Jie , Xu Zixing , Xu Jinhua , Lin Huoyue , Yang Xuan , Wang Jun , Ruan Gang
Published: January 2023

The ability to overcome multiple delivery barriers in vitro and in vivo with a single structural feature is offered by a novel nanoparticle bio-interface design, which enhances interactions with biomembranes.
Covalent immobilization of lipase on an ionic liquid-functionalized magnetic Cu-based metal–organic framework with boosted catalytic performance in flavor ester synthesis
Authors: Suo Hongbo , Geng Huining , Zhang Lu , liu Guoyun , Yan Hui , Cao Rui , Zhu Jiahao , Hu Yi , Xu Lili
Published: January 2023

Lipase immobilized on an ionic liquid modified magnetic Cu-based metal–organic framework with enhanced catalytic performance in the synthesis of isoamyl acetate.
Extremely-low-voltage, high-efficiency and stability-enhanced inverted bottom OLEDs enabled via a p-type/ultra-thin metal/n-doped electron injection layer
Authors: Ding Lei , Wang Jiang-Nan , Ni Ting , Xue Qifan , Hu Sujuan , Wu Runfeng , Luo Dongxiang , Zheng Hua , Liu Yuan , Liu Baiquan
Published: January 2023

A p-type/ultra-thin metal/n-doped electron injection layer is proposed to enhance the electron injection of inverted bottom OLEDs. The OLEDs exhibit an extremely-low voltage of 2.97 V and efficiency of 84.9 lm W−1 at 100 cd m−2.
The sensitization effects of Nd3+ and Tm3+ to obtain enhanced 2.9 μm emission of Dy3+ in CaYAlO4 crystals
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Wang Yan , Wang Meng , Shen Huan , Huang Chuanxin , Wang Xihu , Gao Ju , Tu Chaoyang
Published: January 2023

Enhanced 2.9 μm mid-infrared emission was realized in Dy3+/Tm3+:CaYAlO4 and Dy3+/Nd3+:CaYAlO4 crystals, which were effectively pumped by a commercial AlGaAs LD.
Multimodal photodetectors with vacuum deposited perovskite bilayers
Authors: Martínez-Goyeneche Lucía , Gil-Escrig Lidón , Tordera Daniel , Roldán-Carmona Cristina , Bolink Henk J. , Sessolo Michele
Published: January 2023

A bilayer perovskite photodetector that operates in broadband and narrowband modes, depending on the illumination side, is presented. It consists of two perovskite films with different bandgaps, separated by a metal oxide layer to avoid intermixing.
Neomangiferin defect-engineering ZIF-8 for visually differentiating aprotic/protic solvents and real-time sensing trace water
Authors: Tong Chaoying , Cai Guihan , Yang Yahui , Wang Tongtao , Yang Yangyu , Chen Yuxia , Shi Shuyun , Wu Linlin , Guo Ying
Published: January 2023

Defective neomangiferin–ZIF-8 with high stability and reversible solvatochromic behavior was fabricated for the visual discrimination of aprotic/protic solvents and detection of trace water.
Analysis of magnetic pole loss and heat in a tubular hydro‐generator based on 3D electromagnetic field–thermal network modelling
Authors: Hu Wen‐hao , Xie Jia‐qi , Zhou Zhi‐ting , Fan Zhen‐nan , Yang Yong , Dong Xiu‐cheng , Gu Shi‐fu , Li Jing‐can
Published: January 2023

In order to more accurately and efficiently determine the loss and heating state of the magnetic pole area of a tubular hydro‐generator, this study establishes a comprehensive 3D electromagnetic field–thermal network analysis model of its pole area and implements calculations according to its rated symmetrical operating conditions. A 36 MW large tubular hydro‐generator is used as an example. Based on the measured results of the pole temperature and the use of the calculation hardware, the results are compared with the traditional electric circuit‐magnetic circuit‐thermal circuit method and 3D electromagnetic field‐temperature field finite‐element method. It is shown that the 3D electromagnetic field–thermal network model established in this study has several advantages, including high calculation accuracy, short calculation time, and low hardware consumption. These results have important value in improving the electromagnetic–temperature analysis and design of poles in large hydro‐generators.
GOH Conditions for Minima of Nonsmooth Problems with Unbounded Controls
Authors: Angrisani Francesca , Rampazzo Franco
Published: January 2023

Higher order necessary conditions for a minimizer of an optimal control problem are generally obtained for systems whose dynamics is continuously differentiable in the state variable. Here, by making use of the notion of set-valued Lie bracket, we obtain a Goh-type condition for a control affine system with Lipschitz continuous dynamics and unbounded controls. In order to manage the simultaneous lack of smoothness of the adjoint equation and of the Lie bracket-like variations we make use of the notion of Quasi Differential Quotient. We conclude the paper with a worked out example where the established higher order condition is capable to rule out the optimality of a control verifying the standard maximum principle.
Clinical capability of Iranian operating room nurses and surgeons regarding radiation protection protocols in radiation-exposed operating rooms
Authors: Mohebbi Z. , Ershadpoor R. , Rakhshan M. , Jaberi A.
Published: January 2023

Background: Considering the daily increasing use of radiation in operating rooms and the existing problems in the field of radiation protection, the present study aimed to evaluate the clinical capability of operating room nurses and surgeons regarding radiation protection protocols in radiation-exposed operating rooms in Shiraz. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 2019–2020 by conducting a census of radiation-exposed nurses and surgeons in the operating rooms of private and public hospitals in Shiraz. The study data were collected using a demographic and professional information form and a questionnaire on the radiation protection capability of operating room personnel. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS 25 software and were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Totally, 200 questionnaires were completely filled out. The mean age of the participants with complete questionnaires was 33.34 ± 8.09 years. The mean scores of clinical capability, knowledge, attitude, performance, and personal commitment were 111.7 ± 21.09, 39.05 ± 12.8, 44.2 ± 7.2, 14.6 ± 6.2, and 13.98 ± 5.8, respectively. Accordingly, the participants’ knowledge, attitude, personal commitment, and clinical capability were at good levels, while they showed a weak performance. Conclusion: It seems that educational as well as managerial measures in terms of radiation protection protocols are needed to increase the clinical capability of radiation-exposed operating room nurses and surgeons. The present study results can be used to improve clinical capability regarding radiation protection, provide related strategies, and solve problems.
Potential increased radiological risk in cargo scanning activity
Authors: Pelegrineli S.Q. , Silva A.X. , Santos A. , Filho W.S.S. , Pereira W.S. , Stenders R.M. , Andrade E.R.
Published: January 2023

The image-based cargo inspection systems are generally intended to identify illegal practices. However, imaging processes from the scanning of motorized containers have been used for increasing industrial safety. This is made possible by the application of high-energy particle linear accelerators (linac). Measurements of both the environmental equivalent dose rate (δH*(10), and the integrated environmental equivalent dose (H*(10) were performed. The estimation of δH*(10) and H*(10) in the scanning channel, including the driver’s cab of the truck transporting the container, is critical. The aim of this study is to check the radiological safety for occasional users (drivers) by comparing the levels of δH*(10) and H*(10) with those adopted for public exposure. The study was experimentally conducted in a cargo and container inspection facility that uses a linac operating at the maximum energy of 4.5 MeV. During the in situ measurements, a SpiR-ID identifier detector Model F 8929 MGP manufactured by Mirion Technologies was used. The measurements in the driver’s cab suggest that the procedure can be considered safe. However, a fast transient of δH*(10) was identified recording raised values (peaks) around 210× the threshold for public exposures in the first 9 s of each scanning procedure.
Radiation dose and risk of exposure-induced death associated with chest CT examination during COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Kaheni H. , Falahati F. , Mohammadifard M. , Chaparian A. , Hosseini S.M. , Pandesh S.
Published: January 2023

As the use of chest CT examination during the COVID-19 outbreak is increased, patient radiation doses are become a concern. So, this survey was conducted to evaluate the patient radiation dose and estimated the cancer risk of chest CT examination during COVID-19 outbreak. From February 2020 to September 2021, 165 chest CT examination were acquired. For all patients, organ doses and the effective dose were calculated using ImpactDose software. The risk of exposure-induced death (REID) values was estimated by using models developed in the BEIR VII (Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII)-Phase 2 report. Study population included 75 male and 90 female, with an average age of 51 years. The mean effective dose in females were greater than in the males (5.42 mSv versus 4.43 mSv, P < 0.0001). The mean REID values in patients undergoing chest CT examination with a 16-MDCT scanner were 232 per million male and 351.3 per million female. The risk of lung cancer was high for both male and female. According to our study, it is proposed that to use low-dose CT chest protocol, as a reliable tool in detecting COVID-19 pneumonia in daily practice, can reduce radiation dose and estimated cancer risk.
Keine Angst vor der Technik! – Die Praxis digitalisieren
Authors: Hiebl Sara , Atzmüller Michael
Published: January 2023

Ab 2026 sind Ergotherapiepraxen dazu verpflichtet, an die Telematik-Infrastruktur angegliedert zu sein, um etwa digitale Heilmittelverordnungen entgegennehmen zu können. Dieser Beitrag nähert sich dem „Schreckgespenst Digitalisierung“ und gibt einen Einblick in die Grundlagen und Möglichkeiten einer digitalisierten Praxis.
Erzähl deine Erfolgsgeschichte – ergostories
Authors: Aegler Barbara
Published: January 2023

Heute schon eine herausfordernde Therapiesituation erlebt? Vermutlich ja und vielleicht in der Pause im Kollegium besprochen. Gab es auch Erfolge? Wahrscheinlich, aber davon erzählen ... Häufig geht der Fokus auf therapeutische Highlights verloren. Grund genug für Barbara Aegler, das Projekt „ergostories“ zu starten, das Erfolge in der Ergotherapie sichtbar macht, die Berufsidentität stärkt und vor allem die Bekanntheit des Berufs fördert.
Ein Zuhause auf Zeit – Kinderhospiz
Authors: Mohr Kristina
Published: January 2023

Ein Wort, das bei vielen Menschen Beklemmung auslöst, vielleicht auch Gedanken an traurige, blasse Kinder ohne Haare, verzweifelte Eltern, einen viel zu frühen Tod: Kinderhospiz. „Da könnte ich nicht arbeiten“, mögen Sie vielleicht jetzt denken. Aber stimmt der Eindruck? Tauchen Sie mit zwei Pflegenden in ihre Arbeit im Kinder- und Jugendhospiz Stuttgart ein.
Fragen und die Existenz verschiedener Wahrheiten
Authors: Krause Rüdiger
Published: January 2023

In der (osteopathischen) Diagnostik und Behandlung kann es nicht
nur eine einzige Wahrheit geben. Dieses Nebeneinanderbestehen
von verschiedenen Wahrheiten verunsichert, bietet Freiheiten und
fordert Eigenverantwortung.
Recent Advances in Quinone Methide Chemistry for Protein-Proximity Capturing
Authors: Wang Rui , Gan You F. , Li Yuan Y. , Chen Xiao Q. , Guo Yu Y.
Published: January 2023

Here we summarize the most recent findings in the chemical-, photo-, or enzyme-triggered generation of nitrogen and oxygen anions leading to the formation of quinone methide intermediates (QMIs). This short review is divided into two categories: generation of nitrogen and oxygen anions. Based on quinone methide intermediates (QMIs), proximate capture of a wide range of proteins has been widely determined and studied. Generally, the triggers include, photoirradiation using 365/254 nm UV light, small molecules (ROS/TBAF/s-tetrazine), metal catalysis (iridium catalysis), and enzymes (NQO1/β-galactosidase). New directions including far-red light, heat, force, microwave, and more practical approaches are explored and illustrated.

1 Introduction

2 Generation of the Nitrogen Anion

3 Generation of the Oxygen Anion

4 Conclusion
Characteristics, likelihood and challenges of road traffic injuries in China before COVID-19 and in the postpandemic era
Authors: Yuan Ping , Qi Guojia , Hu Xiuli , Qi Miao , Zhou Yanna , Shi Xiuquan
Published: January 2023

Through a review of previous studies, this paper analysed the epidemiological characteristics and attempts to determine the various trends of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in China before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper proposed effective measures and suggestions for responding to RTIs in China. Moreover, this paper aimed to provide some references for studies on RTIs in the future. According to a reference review, 50 articles related to RTIs were published and viewed in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, Weipu (VIP) database and PubMed/MEDLINE database. Articles were selected according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria and then classified and summarized. Regarding cases, RTIs in China were highest in summer, autumn, and in rural areas and lowest in February. Men, elderly individuals and people living in rural areas were more susceptible to RTIs. In addition, thanks to effective and proactive policies and measures, the number of RTIs and casualties in China has substantially decreased, while there has been a growing number of traffic accidents along with the increase in nonmotor vehicles. However, it is worth noting that the number of RTIs obviously fell during the COVID-19 pandemic due to traffic lockdown orders and home quarantine policies. Nevertheless, accidents related to electric bicycles increased unsteadily because of the reduction in public transportation use at the same time. The factors that cause RTIs in China can be divided into four aspects: human behaviours, road conditions, vehicles and the environment. As a result, measures responding to RTIs should be accordingly proposed. Moreover, the road traffic safety situation in developing countries was more severe than that in developed countries. RTIs in China showed a downward trend attributed to road safety laws and various policies, and the downward trend was more significant during the COVID-19 pandemic owing to traffic lockdowns and home quarantine measures. It is urgent and necessary to promote road traffic safety, reduce injuries, and minimize the burden of injuries in developing countries.
Ultra-high vacuum compatible full metal atom beam shutter for optical lattice clocks
Authors: Park Chang Yong , Lee Won-Kyu , Heo Myoung-Sun , Yu Dai-Hyuk , Kim Huidong
Published: January 2023

We developed a shutter driven by a solenoid to switch on/off the atomic beam of optical lattice clocks developed at KRISS [C. Y. Park et al., Metrologia 50, 119 (2013), S. Lee et al., New J. Phys. 18, 033030 (2016), H. Kim et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 56, 050302 (2017), and H. Kim et al., Metrologia 58, 055007 (2021)]. The shutter design was focused on long lifetime and compatibility with an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) environment. Thus, the solenoid was designed to be easily installed and removed from the air-side of a CF flange of the shutter. The flag in the vacuum-side moves only with the simple spring action of a sheet of a metal plate without any frictional movement of mechanical parts. All parts in the vacuum-side were made of metals (stainless steel and pure iron) to be baked over the temperature of 200 °C for UHV. The flag head of the shutter displaces up to 10 mm (5 mm) with a response time of 50 (30 ms) and 80 ms (10 ms) for the opening-action and the closing-action, respectively. The lifetime was tested up to 6 × 106 cycles with no performance degradation. We expect the actual lifetime to be much longer than this by virtue of its friction-free design.
Atomization and combustion characteristics of a biodiesel–ethanol fuel droplet in a uniform DC electric field
Authors: Zuo Lei , Wang Junfeng , Mei Deqing , Wang Dongbao , Zhang Wei , Xu Haojie , Yao Jiang , Zhao Tianyue
Published: January 2023

Electric field has the potential to influence the combustion characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel. In this paper, the atomization and combustion characteristics of the droplets of biodiesel and biodiesel–ethanol blend in a uniform direct-current electric field were investigated using photography. It was revealed that a certain electric field strength could induce droplet deformations and cone jets. For the droplet blended with 10 vol. % ethanol, the sizes of the secondary droplets from bubble breakups decreased with the increase in electric field strength, possibly due to the Coulomb repulsion in the ligament. The high breakup intensity of the droplet blended with 30 vol. % and 50 vol. % ethanol covered up the effect of electric field on the sizes of secondary droplets from bubble breakups. During the entire range of electric field strength, cone jets generated smaller secondary droplets in comparison with bubble breakups. Moreover, the electric field distorted the flame morphology, especially the flame width increased at the electric field strength of 50 kV/m. The maximum droplet temperature decreased with the electric field strength, in addition to the biodiesel droplet. Overall, the electric field ameliorates fuel droplets' atomization and combustion characteristics.
Vital node identification in hypergraphs via gravity model
Authors: Xie Xiaowen , Zhan Xiuxiu , Zhang Zike , Liu Chuang
Published: January 2023

Hypergraphs that can depict interactions beyond pairwise edges have emerged as an appropriate representation for modeling polyadic relations in complex systems. With the recent surge of interest in researching hypergraphs, the centrality problem has attracted much attention due to the challenge of how to utilize higher-order structure for the definition of centrality metrics. In this paper, we propose a new centrality method (HGC) on the basis of the gravity model as well as a semi-local HGC, which can achieve a balance between accuracy and computational complexity. Meanwhile, two comprehensive evaluation metrics, i.e., a complex contagion model in hypergraphs, which mimics the group influence during the spreading process and network s-efficiency based on the higher-order distance between nodes, are first proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of our methods. The results show that our methods can filter out nodes that have fast spreading ability and are vital in terms of hypergraph connectivity.
Gibbs–Wulff optical vortex array
Authors: Qin Xue-Yun , Zhu Liu-Hao , Hu Hua-Jie , Tai Yu-Ping , Li Xin-Zhong
Published: January 2023

Optical vortex array (OVA) containing multiple optical vortices is an optimal candidate for applications of optical communications, complex manipulation of multi-particle systems, and mass-synchronous fabrication. However, the existing OVAs have not been constructed to respond to the application requirements, particularly for micro-/nanomaterial fabrication where the boundary, size, and stability need to be carefully considered. To address this issue, we propose a Gibbs–Wulff OVA (GWOVA) by analogizing the Gibbs–Wulff theorem in solid-state physics. Herein, the Gibbs–Wulff theorem is first generalized to OVA's generation as the condition to confine its growth boundary. The GWOVA, which possesses versatile structures and arrangement modes (simple- and close-packed modes), is successfully generated and grown. It exhibits high stability and perfect symmetry during growth and rotation, which satisfies the symmetric group of D2s. Owing to its stable structure and growth boundary conditions, the GWOVA has great potential for a wide range of applications, particularly in micro-/nanomaterial fabrication.
Reversible total ionizing dose effects in NiO/Ga2O3 heterojunction rectifiers
Authors: Li Jian-Sian , Chiang Chao-Ching , Xia Xinyi , Stepanoff Sergei , Haque Aman , Wolfe Douglas E. , Ren Fan , Pearton S. J.
Published: January 2023

NiO/Ga2O3 heterojunction rectifiers were exposed to 1 Mrad fluences of Co-60 γ-rays either with or without reverse biases. While there is a small component of Compton electrons (600 keV), generated via the interaction of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV gamma photons with the semiconductor, which in turn can lead to displacement damage, most of the energy is lost to ionization. The effect of the exposure to radiation is a 1000× reduction in forward current and a 100× increase in reverse current in the rectifiers, which is independent of whether the devices were biased during this step. The on–off ratio is also reduced by almost five orders of magnitude. There is a slight reduction in carrier concentration in the Ga2O3 drift region, with an effective carrier removal rate of <4 cm−1. The changes in electrical characteristics are reversible by application of short forward current pulses during repeated measurement of the current–voltage characteristics at room temperature. There are no permanent total ionizing dose effects present in the rectifiers to 1 Mad fluences, which along with their resistance to displacement damage effects indicate that these devices may be well-suited to harsh terrestrial and space radiation applications if appropriate bias sequences are implemented to reverse the radiation-induced changes.
Mixture Model for Refrigerant Pairs R-32/1234yf, R-32/1234ze(E), R-1234ze(E)/227ea, R-1234yf/152a, and R-125/1234yf
Authors: Bell Ian H.
Published: January 2023

In this work, thermodynamic models based on the corresponding states framework with departure terms are developed for the refrigerant pairs R-32/1234yf, R-32/1234ze(E), R-1234ze(E)/227ea, R-1234yf/152a, and R-125/1234yf. These models are based on new measurements of density, speed of sound, and phase equilibria, combined with the data available in the literature. The model for R-32/1234yf is most comprehensive in its data coverage, with speed of sound deviations within 1%, density deviations within 0.1%, and bubble- and dew-point pressure deviations within 1%. The other mixtures have generally more limited data availability but a similar goodness of fit.
Oxidative stability of milk and expression of oxidative stress response, lipogenic-related, and IGF-1 genes in early-lactation cows supplemented with peanut and sunflower oils
Authors: Rufino Marcelo de Oliveira Alves , Vieira Salles Márcia Saladini , Negrão João Alberto , Chaves Gurgel Antonio Leandro , Daniel João Luiz Pratti , Soares de Lima Luciano , de Marchi Francilaine Eloise , Roma Júnior Luiz Carlos , Santos Geraldo Tadeu dos
Published: January 2023

Context Feeding dairy cows with plant oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids is a recommended strategy for increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk for human consumption. Aims We evaluated the effects of supplementation with peanut oil (high oleic acid content) and sunflower oil (high linoleic acid content) on the fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of milk and the expression of oxidative stress response, lipogenic-related and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) genes in pasture-fed Jersey cows in early lactation. Methods Twenty-four cows were distributed in a randomised block design. Treatments were four dietary supplements of concentrate alone, or concentrate plus oil (59.6 g/kg dry matter): peanut oil, sunflower oil, or a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of peanut and sunflower oils. Analyses were performed at 30 and 60 days in milk. Key results Both peanut oil and mixed oil diets increased the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (P < 0.001) and health-promoting index (P < 0.001) of milk. The sunflower oil diet increased the thrombogenicity index (P = 0.005) and conjugated diene production (P < 0.001). mRNA abundance of fatty acid synthase (P = 0.003), acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (P = 0.001), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (P < 0.001) decreased with the sunflower oil diet. mRNA abundance of superoxide dismutase decreased (P = 0.01) with sunflower oil and mixed oil diets. The control diet tended (P = 0.08) to reduce IGF-1 mRNA abundance. Conclusions and implications Supplementation with peanut oil increases the health-promoting index of milk, whereas supplementation with sunflower oil increases susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. Supplementation with sunflower oil reduces the expression of lipogenic and antioxidant enzyme genes, and supplementation with unsaturated fats may reduce IGF-1 gene expression in early-lactation cows. The relatively small sample size means that more studies are needed.
Evaluation of the productivity and feed value of Wondergraze and Redlands leucaena cultivars under grazing
Authors: Charmley E. , McSweeney C. S. , Bishop-Hurley G. J. , Simington J. , Padmanabha J. , Giacomantonio P.
Published: January 2023

Context Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) is a leguminous shrub used for beef grazing in low-rainfall regions (<600–700 mm). Newer cultivars have the potential to extend adoption of the species to higher rainfall (>600–700 mm), frost-free areas of Australia. Aim We compared productivity, nutritional value and animal performance of two leucaena cultivars, new psyllid-resistant Redlands and the 2010-released Wondergraze, under continuous grazing management in a higher rainfall environment. Methods Growing steers were allocated to replicated established stands of Wondergraze or Redlands with inter-row mixed grass–legume pasture from January to July 2021. Pasture and leucaena were characterised for biomass and nutritive characteristics. Botanical composition was measured. Liveweight gain, rumen fermentation, and leucaena mimosine breakdown products were measured in grazing steers. Key results At the beginning of the study, leucaena edible biomass was similar for both cultivars (P > 0.05), but at subsequent samplings, biomass of Redlands was lower than of Wondergraze (P < 0.01). Biomass of both cultivars declined rapidly over the grazing period. Pasture biomass increased between February and July and was significantly higher in Wondergraze paddocks (P < 0.05). Animal performance was not significantly different between cultivar treatments, averaging 0.8 kg/day, but declined over time. Patterns of mimosine conversion to DHP isomers and their conjugation were similar for the two cultivars, suggesting that effectiveness of detoxification did not differ between them. Conclusion The results demonstrate that leucaena can sustain high levels of animal performance when included in tropical grass pastures in a higher rainfall environment if present in a sufficient quantity (>2 t leucaena edible dry matter/ha established leucaena). Implications Grazing leucaena–grass pastures is an effective means of increasing animal productivity in parts of subtropical Australia. However, managing grass and/or leucaena growth to match animal requirements can be challenging.
Knockdown of regulatory associated protein of TOR (raptor) in hypothalamus-stimulated folliculogenesis and induced ovarian cysts
Authors: Tartarin Pauline , Keller Matthieu , Guibert Edith , Trives Elliott , Bourdon Guillaume , Chamero Pablo , Negre Didier , Cornilleau Fabien , Guillory Vanaique , JeanPierre Eric , Costa Caroline , Migrenne Stéphanie , Dupont Joelle , Froment Pascal
Published: January 2023

Context Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an essential sensor that regulates fundamental biological processes like cell growth, proliferation and energy metabolism. The treatment of disease by sirolimus, a mTORC1 inhibitor, causes adverse effects, such as female fertility disorders. Aims The objective of the study was to decipher the reproductive consequences of a downregulation of mTORC1 in the hypothalamus. Methods The reduced expression of mTORC1 was induced after intracerebroventricular injection of lentivirus expressing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against regulatory associated protein of TOR (raptor) in adult female mice (ShRaptor mice). Key results The ShRaptor mice were fertile and exhibited a 15% increase in the litter size compared with control mice. The histological analysis showed an increase in antral, preovulatory follicles and ovarian cysts. In the hypothalamus, the GnRH mRNA and FSH levels in ShRaptor mice were significantly elevated. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that mTORC1 in the central nervous system participates in the regulation of female fertility and ovarian function by influencing the GnRH neuronal activity. Implications These results suggest that a lower mTORC1 activity directly the central nervous system leads to a deregulation in the oestrous cycle and an induction of ovarian cyst development.
Mapping the number of female sex workers in countries across sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Laga Ian , Niu Xiaoyue , Rucinski Katherine , Baral Stefan , Rao Amrita , Chen David , Viswasam Nikita , Phaswana-Mafuya Nancy Refilwe , Diouf Daouda , Sabin Keith , Zhao Jinkou , Eaton Jeffrey W. , Bao Le
Published: January 2023

Female sex workers (FSW) are affected by individual, network, and structural risks, making them vulnerable to poor health and well-being. HIV prevention strategies and local community-based programs can rely on estimates of the number of FSW to plan and implement differentiated HIV prevention and treatment services. However, there are limited systematic assessments of the number of FSW in countries across sub-Saharan Africa to facilitate the identification of prevention and treatment gaps. Here we provide estimated population sizes of FSW and the corresponding uncertainties for almost all sub-national areas in sub-Saharan Africa. We first performed a literature review of FSW size estimates and then developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to synthesize these size estimates, resolving competing size estimates in the same area and producing estimates in areas without any data. We estimated that there are 2.5 million (95% uncertainty interval 1.9 to 3.1) FSW aged 15 to 49 in sub-Saharan Africa. This represents a proportion as percent of all women of childbearing age of 1.1% (95% uncertainty interval 0.8 to 1.3%). The analyses further revealed substantial differences between the proportions of FSW among adult females at the sub-national level and studied the relationship between these heterogeneities and many predictors. Ultimately, achieving the vision of no new HIV infections by 2030 necessitates dramatic improvements in our delivery of evidence-based services for sex workers across sub-Saharan Africa.
Mindful attention promotes control of brain network dynamics for self-regulation and discontinues the past from the present
Authors: Zhou Dale , Kang Yoona , Cosme Danielle , Jovanova Mia , He Xiaosong , Mahadevan Arun , Ahn Jeesung , Stanoi Ovidia , Brynildsen Julia K. , Cooper Nicole , Cornblath Eli J. , Parkes Linden , Mucha Peter J. , Ochsner Kevin N. , Lydon-Staley David M. , Falk Emily B. , Bassett Dani S.
Published: January 2023

Mindful attention is characterized by acknowledging the present experience as a transient mental event. Early stages of mindfulness practice may require greater neural effort for later efficiency. Early effort may self-regulate behavior and focalize the present, but this understanding lacks a computational explanation. Here we used network control theory as a model of how external control inputs—operationalizing effort—distribute changes in neural activity evoked during mindful attention across the white matter network. We hypothesized that individuals with greater network controllability, thereby efficiently distributing control inputs, effectively self-regulate behavior. We further hypothesized that brain regions that utilize greater control input exhibit shorter intrinsic timescales of neural activity. Shorter timescales characterize quickly discontinuing past processing to focalize the present. We tested these hypotheses in a randomized controlled study that primed participants to either mindfully respond or naturally react to alcohol cues during fMRI and administered text reminders and measurements of alcohol consumption during 4 wk postscan. We found that participants with greater network controllability moderated alcohol consumption. Mindful regulation of alcohol cues, compared to one’s own natural reactions, reduced craving, but craving did not differ from the baseline group. Mindful regulation of alcohol cues, compared to the natural reactions of the baseline group, involved more-effortful control of neural dynamics across cognitive control and attention subnetworks. This effort persisted in the natural reactions of the mindful group compared to the baseline group. More-effortful neural states had shorter timescales than less effortful states, offering an explanation for how mindful attention promotes being present.
Phase-separation physics underlies new theory for the resilience of patchy ecosystems
Authors: Siteur Koen , Liu Quan-Xing , Rottschäfer Vivi , van der Heide Tjisse , Rietkerk Max , Doelman Arjen , Boström Christoffer , van de Koppel Johan
Published: January 2023

Spatial self-organization of ecosystems into large-scale (from micron to meters) patterns is an important phenomenon in ecology, enabling organisms to cope with harsh environmental conditions and buffering ecosystem degradation. Scale-dependent feedbacks provide the predominant conceptual framework for self-organized spatial patterns, explaining regular patterns observed in, e.g., arid ecosystems or mussel beds. Here, we highlight an alternative mechanism for self-organized patterns, based on the aggregation of a biotic or abiotic species, such as herbivores, sediment, or nutrients. Using a generalized mathematical model, we demonstrate that ecosystems with aggregation-driven patterns have fundamentally different dynamics and resilience properties than ecosystems with patterns that formed through scale-dependent feedbacks. Building on the physics theory for phase-separation dynamics, we show that patchy ecosystems with aggregation patterns are more vulnerable than systems with patterns formed through scale-dependent feedbacks, especially at small spatial scales. This is because local disturbances can trigger large-scale redistribution of resources, amplifying local degradation. Finally, we show that insights from physics, by providing mechanistic understanding of the initiation of aggregation patterns and their tendency to coarsen, provide a new indicator framework to signal proximity to ecological tipping points and subsequent ecosystem degradation for this class of patchy ecosystems.
Exercise preserves physical fitness during aging through AMPK and mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Campos Juliane Cruz , Marchesi Bozi Luiz Henrique , Krum Barbara , Grassmann Bechara Luiz Roberto , Ferreira Nikolas Dresch , Arini Gabriel Santos , Albuquerque Rudá Prestes , Traa Annika , Ogawa Takafumi , van der Bliek Alexander M. , Beheshti Afshin , Chouchani Edward T. , Van Raamsdonk Jeremy M. , Blackwell T. Keith , Ferreira Julio Cesar Batista
Published: January 2023

Exercise is a nonpharmacological intervention that improves health during aging and a valuable tool in the diagnostics of aging-related diseases. In muscle, exercise transiently alters mitochondrial functionality and metabolism. Mitochondrial fission and fusion are critical effectors of mitochondrial plasticity, which allows a fine-tuned regulation of organelle connectiveness, size, and function. Here we have investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics during exercise in the model organism
Caenorhabditis elegans
. We show that in body-wall muscle, a single exercise session induces a cycle of mitochondrial fragmentation followed by fusion after a recovery period, and that daily exercise sessions delay the mitochondrial fragmentation and physical fitness decline that occur with aging. Maintenance of proper mitochondrial dynamics is essential for physical fitness, its enhancement by exercise training, and exercise-induced remodeling of the proteome. Surprisingly, among the long-lived genotypes we analyzed (
isp-1
,
nuo-6
,
daf-2
,
eat-2
, and
CA-AAK-2
), constitutive activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) uniquely preserves physical fitness during aging, a benefit that is abolished by impairment of mitochondrial fission or fusion. AMPK is also required for physical fitness to be enhanced by exercise, with our findings together suggesting that exercise may enhance muscle function through AMPK regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Our results indicate that mitochondrial connectivity and the mitochondrial dynamics cycle are essential for maintaining physical fitness and exercise responsiveness during aging and suggest that AMPK activation may recapitulate some exercise benefits. Targeting mechanisms to optimize mitochondrial fission and fusion, as well as AMPK activation, may represent promising strategies for promoting muscle function during aging.