bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Exploration Techniques for Haile-Ridgeway type Gold Deposits in South Carolina
Authors: Lapoint Dennis J.
Published: August 2024

Renewed gold exploration in the Carolina slate belt of North and South Carolina that led to the discovery of the Ridgeway gold mine (#5 on Figure 1) by Amselco (now Kennecott) began at about the same time as the last Geological Society of America field trip to focus on southeastern metal deposits. That trip occurred in the fall of 1980 as part of the national GSA meeting in Atlanta, Georgia (Bell, Carpenter, and Feiss, 1980). On that trip at stop 8, Henry Bell described abundant hydrothermal alteration similar to the Haile and Brewer mines in an area with no known gold mines. He noted that auger cuttings from a hole drilled by the South Carolina Geological Survey in the 1960’s near stop 8 at Mount Rehovah church contained 0.06 ppm gold and 220 ppm copper in the upper 9 feet of rock and 10 ppm molybdenum from 30-40 feet. Because the values decreased with depth, the gold was attributed to surface enrichment (Bell, 1976). Samples collected by Bell (1976) of small drainage basins in the region contained up to 1000 ppm tin in heavy mineral concentrates that were also anomalous in gold, boron, lanthanum, niobium, beryllium, and copper (Figure 16 of Bell, Carpenter, and Feiss, 1980). Bell et al. (1980) stated “Geochemical data suggest that this region is on the periphery of an area having many of the ore-bearing characteristics of the Haile and Brewer mines”

Stop 8 was only hundred’s of feet west of the present site of the
Newly Discovered Devonian Sedex-type Base and Precious Metal Mineralization, Northern Carlin Trend, Nevada
Authors: Emsbo Poul , Hutchinson Richard W. , Hofstra Albert H. , Volk Jeffrey A. , Bettles Keith H. , Baschuk Gary J. , Collins Terry M. , Lauha Eric A. , Borhauer Jeffrey L.
Published: August 2024

This report presents evidence for a previously unrecognized type of Au mineralization on the Barrick Goldstrike property that is geochemically, mineralogically, and temporally distinct from classic Carlin-type mineralization (Table 1). This newly recognized mineralization is characterized by a mineral assemblage that includes barite, sphalerite, minor boulangerite, pyrite, galena, minor tetrahedrite, tennantite, chalcopyrite and native gold. Gold occurs as native inclusions in pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, bitumen, dolomite, and barite. In contrast, features recognized in Carlin-type deposits include a mineral asemblage of As-rich pyrite, realgar, orpiment, and arsenopyrite, with a distinct absence of base metal sulfides. Gold occurs as sub-micron inclusions in As-rich pyrite and alteration consists of decalcification, silicification, and argillization. Carlin-type mineralization is younger than a 39 Ma dike (Emsbo et al., 1996).

Recognition of the base metal mineralization resulted from a broad study of the breccia-hosted Carlin-type deposit in the Meikle Mine. Examination of the stratigraphic section adjacent to Meikle revealed that these base metal sulfides and barite are stratiform and occur in unaltered rocks of the Popovich Formation. In Meikle, the base metal-rich assemblage also occurs as discordant veins which were brecciated and cut by Carlin-type mineralization (Lamb, 1995). The association of low but significant gold content with this base metal mineralization outside Meikle prompted a study of its geological and spatial characteristics, its age and significance within the geologic evolution of the Goldstrike property, and the relationship of its gold to its other sulfides.

In this abstract we describes textural, stratigraphic/spatial, and geochemical evidence that this base
Age of Mineralization at the Twin Creeks SHMG Deposit, Nevada
Authors: Hall Chris M. , Simon Grigore , Kesler Stephen E.
Published: August 2024

This paper will explore the significance of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) to the origin of sedimenthosted disseminated gold (SHDG) deposits. TSR provides a means of generating abnormally high concentrations of H2S at moderate temperatures (e.g., 100 to 200°C). A high H2S content is a prerequisite for mobilizing gold and other metals associated with SHDG deposits (Ag, Hg, Sb, As), and is also necessary to form ore bodies with a high Au/Ag ratio. Field and sulfur-isotopic evidence supporting the TSR hypothesis will be reviewed. The discussion will focus on SHDG deposits in the Carlin Trend and similar deposits in China, as well as the Hemlo gold deposit, Ontario, a possible Archean analog of this deposit type. If valid, the TSR hypothesis has significance to the minerals exploration industry as a means to discriminate between favorable vs. unfavorable source rocks.

Mineralization at Twin Creeks mine is hosted by rocks of the Ordovician Comus Formation, which consists of dolomitic to calcareous black shales with tuffaceous interbeds and interlayered basalt flows and sills. These rocks have been deformed into a northwest-trending fold system with a known length of about 4.5 km (3 miles). Gold mineralization post -dates this folding, and is concentrated in the nose of this fold and in favorable stratigraphic horizons in the limbs of the fold. In the most intensely mineralized part of the deposit, the Megapit, the fold is cut into three sections by right-lateral the TC (northern) and DZ (southern) faults trending NE-SW (Fig. 1) and dipping steeply to
Clay Alteration and Age of Sediment-Hosted Disseminated Gold Deposits in the Fold and Thrust Belt, Utah
Authors: Parry W. T. , Wilson Paula N. , Presnell Ricardo
Published: August 2024

Sediment-hosted, disseminated gold deposits in the Mercur district and Bameys Canyon in the Bingham district are infolded and thrust-faulted Paleozoic sediments of the Oquirrh Mountains, Utah. Folding and thrust faulting occurred in a Jurassic event and the Cretaceous Sevier Orogeny (Armstrong, 1968; Almendinger and Jordan, 1981; Almendinger et al.,1984; Snoke and Miller, 1988). The Oquirrh Mountain range is allocthonous and is underlain by the east-vergent Oquirrh thrust (Presnell, 1992; Presnell and Parry, 1995) not te Charleston thrust. Mercur is located . in the southern Oquirrh Mountains dominated by a series of northwest trending anticline-syncline pairs. Barneys Canyon and Bingham are in the central Oquirrh mountains where structural complexity results from the east -vergent thrust belt interacting with the Uinta arch.
An Amagmatic Origin for Carlin-Type Gold Deposits
Authors: Ilchik Robert P. , Barton Mark D.
Published: August 2024

Suggested genetic models for Carlin-type deposits make connections to magmatism, regional metamorphism or regional extension (Sillitoe and Bonham, 1990; Seedorff, 1991; Ilchik and Barton, in press). Depositional mechanisms are uncertain with mixing, wall-rock reaction, and cooling each consistent with at least some of the available evidence (e.g. Hofstra et al., 1991; Kuehn and Rose, 1995). Based on geological, physical, and chemical reasoning, we propose a genetic model in which meteoric fluids were circulated by heat released during crustal extension during the mid-Tertiary. These deeply circulated fluids interacted with the sedimentaryrock pile and scavenged gold under chemically favorable conditions. Upon upwelling, these fluids interacted with various lithologies and/or other fluids and produce the characteristic alteration and metal suites of these deposits. To test the viability of this amagmatic model, we have investigated certain physical and chemical constraints implicit to the model.

Heat balance and thermal convection calculations indicate that ample surface waters could be heated to appropriate temperatures and circulated during rapid crustal extension (Figure 1). Additional heat from magmatism or elevated subcrustal heat flow could have contributed to the overall energy balance but is not necessary. The critical feature needed to generate major hydrothermal systems is a rapid increase in permeability. Such an increase likely accompanied the time-transgressive crustal extension across the northern Great Basin in the late Eocene and early Oligocene. Mass balance calculations indicate that solution transport efficiencies of <10% can account for several times the amount oflmown alteration and mineralization. In contrast, magma-driven or metamorphic fluids appear
Day One Road Log
Authors: John David A.
Published: August 2024

Today's field trip examines late Eocene and Oligocene granitoid intrusions, cogenetic volcanic rocks (Keetley Volcanics), and associated hydrothermally altered and mineralized rocks in the central Wasatch Mountains. Because of late Cenozoic tilting related to Basin and Range extension, a continuum of mid-Tertiary paleodepths is exposed that ranges from about 11 km on the west side of the Little Cottonwood stock to the actual paleosurface on the east side of the range (Fig. 1; John, 1989a). Consequently, we will see a wide variety of textures and styles of emplacement in the intrusive rocks, and a correspondingly wide variety of hydrothermal alteration types and mineral deposits (Lawton et al., 1980; John, 1989a).

Mid-Tertiary igneous rocks in the central Wasatch Mountains consist of three phaneritic stocks exposed in the western and central parts of the range (Little Cottonwood, Alta, and Clayton Peak stocks); six porphyry to fine-grained phaneritic stocks exposed in the middle and eastern parts of the range, primarily in the Park City mining district (Flagstaff, Glencoe, Mayflower, Ontario, Pine Creek, and Valeo stocks); a subvolcanic porphyry complex (Park Premier stock) exposed near the Park Premier mine which is now partly covered by water filling the Jordanelle Reservoir; and coeval volcanic rocks (Keetley Volcanics), subvolcanic intrusions, and a volcanic neck (Indian Hollow plug) are exposed on the east side of the range (Figs. 2 and 3). The intrusive rocks range from coarse-grained, coarsely porphyritic on the west to fine-grained, porphyroaphanitic on the east (John, 1989a). They form a high-K, calc-alkaline series (Vogel
Paleomagnetism of the Oquirrh Mountains and Implications for the Cenozoic Structural History of the Easternmost Great Basin
Authors: Melker Marc D. , Geissman John W.
Published: August 2024

Tertiary intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks and Upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks were sampled at 47 sites in the Oquirrh Mountains. Paleomagnetic data from over 350 samples provide a grand mean direction for the Oquirrh Mountains derived from site means determined by averaging best-fit lines. The grand mean for the Oquirrh Mountains (D/I = 332.1/55.4, α95 = 4.1) compared with a late Eocene reference direction (D/I = 351.2/58.3, α95 = 2.4) provides a quantitative assessment of the magnitude of deformation related to extension. The discrepancy between the observed and expected late Eocene directions is interpreted to indicate that the Oquirrh Mountains have been tilted some 10.8 ± 4.0 degrees, down to the east, since late Eocene time. This contrasts with previous estimates of about 15 to 25 degrees of tilting based on orientations of volcaniclastic strata and the apparent asymmetry of the Bingham Canyon porphyry copper ore shell. A modest amount of tilt is consistent with a subhorizontal decoupling or anastomosing shear zone model for extension in the eastern Great Basin. Seismic reflection profiles, two-dimensional basin modeling using residual gravity profiles, and earthquake focal mechanisms corroborate this conclusion.
Preliminary Re-Os Dating on Molybdenite Mineralization from the Bingham Canyon Porphyry Copper Deposit, Utah
Authors: Chesley John T. , Ruiz Joaquin
Published: August 2024

Four molybdenite samples from veins in the Bingham Canyon porphyry copper deposit yield a weighted average Re-Os age of 37.0 ± 0.27 Ma. The molybdenite ages all overlap at the 2σ level. Previous investigations have suggested that mineralization at Bingham Canyon is coincident with and genetically related to the emplacement of the Bingham stock within the Bingham intrusive complex. However, the molybdenite ages are younger than all reported ages for magmatism in the Bingham porphyry deposit (~39.8 to 37.6 Ma). This suggests either that all the reported ages of the Bingham intrusions are disturbed and the actual ages of the intrusive rocks are younger or that molybdenite mineralization is not directly related to emplacement and cooling of any dated intrusion exposed at Bingham. The latter scenario would suggest the Bingham stock is just the focal point for the superposition of exsolved fluids from deeper in the system.
History and Production of the West Mountain (Bingham) Mining District, Utah
Authors: Krahulec Kenneth A.
Published: August 2024

Erastus Bingham and his two sons, Thomas and Sanford, began ranching in a wooded canyon in the Oquirrh Mountains in 1848. This was a year after the Latter-day Saint (LDS) pioneers entered the Great Salt Lake Valley, then a part of Mexico (Arrington and Hansen, 1963). They were probably the first Caucasians to recognize mineralized rock in the Oquirrh Mountains and brought their discovery to LDS President Brigham Young.1 Young, however, wisely counseled the Saints to settle and farm Utah to provide the necessities of life and avoid the pursuit of precious metals:

Instead of hunting gold let every man go to work at raising wheat, oats, barley, corn, and vegetables and fruit in abundance that there may be plenty in the land (Robertson and Harris, 1962).

Young did, however, encourage the utilitarian production of coal and iron from the Iron Springs area in southwestern Utah, near Cedar City, in 1851. The Mormon (LDS) pioneers also began a lead mine, discovered by Henry Rollins, and furnace for bullets near Minersville in 1858 (Salt Lake Mining Review, 9/15/1902). They also began producing salt from the Great Salt Lake as early as 1847 (Arrington, 1963). In 1864, Young persuaded a wagon train of pioneers headed for Idaho to set up their saw mill in Bingham Canyon (Boutwell, 1905). Logging flourished in the canyon for the next several years (Spendlove, 1937).

In 1848, gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill in California. The eager Forty-Niners rushed through Utah en route to California, but were
Geology of the Melco Gold Deposit, Oquirrh Mountains, Utah
Authors: Gunter William L. , Austin Gerry W.
Published: August 2024

The Melco deposit is the largest of five gold mines that constitute the 1.5 million ounces Barneys Canyon project. The deposits form an arc along the nose of the north-trending Copperton anticline. Gold mineralization formed in structurally prepared zones near Theologically contrasting formational contacts. Bedding plane slip during Mesozoic folding caused some deformation. The Melco deposit, located on the NW flank of the Copperton anticline, was localized in a structurally complex zone at the intersection of a N 55° E-trending strain corridor and N 30° E-striking high-angle faults. The latter faults provided conduits for Tertiary-age gold-bearing fluids and late stage carbon-pyrite-orpiment-realgar introduction. In cross section, gold distributions resemble an upright goblet with a stem but no base.

These sediment-hosted deposits contain micron-sized gold as native metal and as inclusions within the arsenic-rich rims of zoned pyrite grains. The deposits are anomalous in As-Sb-Tl-Hg, and contain low silver and base metal values. Bleaching and decalcification are the most pronounced alteration effects. Silicification is present but subtle. The deposits lie at the outer edge of an asymmetrical pyrite-Au-As halo developed around the Bingham Canyon porphyry system. There is a growing body of evidence that these sediment-hosted gold deposits represent a distal precious metal event genetically related to late stage mineralization at Bingham Canyon, which lies 5 miles to the south.
Day Three Road Log
Authors: Austin Gerry W. , Gunter William L.
Published: August 2024

Today's field trip examines “Carlin-style” gold deposits hosted within Permian-aged sediments of the Copperton anticline. We will visit two gold mines: the now exhausted Barneys Canyon deposit and the active Melco mine. Representative core will be available at the respective sites. The excursion will focus on the structural controls and alteration related to gold mineralization in this group of deposits. Weather permitting, a traverse will be made along the axis of the Copperton anticline from the Melco haul road south to Bingham Canyon. The traverse will pass down section through a sequence of unmineralized Permian to Pennsylvanian siliceous clastic rocks and end in the Bingham pyrite halo.

This road log begins at the intersection of the new Bingham Highway with Highway U-111, approximately two miles east of the town of Copperton. The route from downtown Salt Lake City to this junction may be followed on the Day Two Road Log for the Bingham Canyon field trip.

The route heads southwest toward Copperton, northwest on a private road toward the Kennecott Utah Copper concentrator, and then continues northwest to the Barneys Canyon and Melco gold mines.

0.0 Begin at the junction of the new Bingham Highway and U-111. Head southwest, toward Copperton, on the new Bingham Highway.

0.5 Dead ahead are the waste-rock piles from the Bingham Canyon mine.

1.5 Turn right, onto a private road, through the entrance gate to the Copperton concentrator.

2.6 Turn right at the fork in the road. Bingham's Copperton concentrator is to the left. The
Road log
Authors: Molnár F. , Lexa J. , Gatter I.
Published: August 2024

km 0 The first Shell gas station on the M3 motorway after the end of Budapest sign. From here, the M3 motorway crosses the Gödöllő Hills during the next 35–40 kilometers. This area consists of a 2 km thick Tertiary-Quaternary sedimentary sequence underlain by Mesosoic carbonate rocks. On the present surface, loess from the Pleistocene glaciation and drift sand deposits are the most common sediments.

60 On the left side ahead the first view of the Western Mátra Mtns. appears. They are the highest mountains of Hungary with 1014 m elevation at the Kékes summit. The visible part of the Western Mátra Mts. is composed of Miocene andesitic-rhyolitic rocks forming a caldera structure with approximately 15 km diameter. The Mátra Mtns. is the object of the field programme on the fourth day and details of regional geology can be found in the guidebook. In front of the mountains the town of Gyöngyős can also be seen.

69 The M3 motorway crosses one of the traditional wine-producing area of Hungary. The vineyards covering 28 000 acres on the southern foreland of the Mátra Mts. are famous for various white vines. The center of the wine region is Gyöngyős.

Behind the vineyards to the left (north) the Eastern Mátra Mtns. can be seen. This part of the Matra Mtns. is built up by andesitic rocks of Miocene age. In contrast to the Western Matra Mts., large caldera structures cannot be found here and the area is very poor in hydrothermal mineralisation.
High- and Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Mineralization of the Mátra Mountains, Northeast Hungary
Authors: Gatter István , Molnár Ferenc , Földessy János , Zelenka Tibor , Kiss János , Szebényi Géza
Published: August 2024

The Mátra Mtns. cover an area of 570 km2 in the western part of the Tertiary-Quaternary volcanic belt of the Carpathians. The average elevation of this region varies between 600 to 700 m; however, the highest peaks in Hungary, Galyatetõ (965 m) and Kékestetõ (1015 m), are found here. The Mátra Mountains consist of two major volcanic units (Fig. 1).

The Paleogene Unit covers an area of about 25 km2 in the northeastern part of the Màtra Mtns. in the vicinity of Recsk village. The Paleogene Unit consists of an Upper Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic sequence intercalated with sedimentary rocks. It formed along the internal island arc part of asubduction zone that was located between the Northern and Southern Alps during the Laramian-Pyrenean orogeny (50–70 Ma). The emplacement of the Paleogene Unit into its present position in the Western Carpathians was caused by a large-scale (ca. 300 km) northeastward movement of crustal units along the re-activated Periadriatic-Darnó strike-slip fault during the lower Miocene (Zelenka, 1973, 1975; Csontos et al, 1992).

The ore complex containing high- and low-sulfidation type epithermal, porphyry copper, skarn and metasomatic replacement deposits and is genetically related to this Paleogene Unit. Mining activities around Recsk go back presumably as far as prehistoric time. However, documentation of prospecting is available only since the 18th century. In the early times copper ores and silver-bearing galena and fahlore were exploited, whereas the alunitized and pyritized wallrock was used for alum production. The enargite-luzonite-grey-ore-Au-pyrite massive/stockwork mineralization was discovered in the middle of the
Post-Caldera Epithermal Veins of the Štiavnica Stratovolcano
Authors: Lexa Jaroslav
Published: August 2024

The post-caldera system of epithermal veins that extends over an area of 100 km2 in the central zone of the Štiavnica stratovolcano includes 120 veins, with the major veins reaching a length of 8 km. Their position in the evolution of the stratovolcano, mineralogy, alteration zoning and genetic aspects are discussed by Lexa et al. (1999) — reprinted in this volume. Here we concentrate on the aspects of the system which are not covered in that paper, including structural aspects, subdivision into mineralization types and a detailed description of the two epithermal veins to be visited.

The system of epithermal veins formed on faults of the Hodruša-Štiavnica resurgent horst in the central part of the caldera. Thus, their evolution was controlled by the structural evolution of the horst. According to structural relationships, radiometric dating of associating rhyolites and radiometric dating of the epithermal veins itself, the uplift of the horst lasted almost 2 Myr, during the Middle Sarmatian to Early Pannonian (roughly 12.5 to 10.7 Ma; Lexa et al., 1999). The regional stress field during this time was dominated by strong NW-SE extension, with the maximum stress axis mostly in a subvertical position, but occasionally also in a sub-horizontal NE-SW orientation (Nemcok et al., in press). This configuration of the stress field is reflected in dip-slip as well as oblique movements on the veins. While the strong extension led eventually to the formation of low-angle and lystric vein structures with a decreasing dip with the increasing depth, the dextral lateral
Hishikari Gold Mineralization
Authors: Izawa Eiji , Etho Jiro , Honda Misuzu , Motomura Yoshinobu , Sekine Ryota
Published: August 2024

The Hishikari high-grade low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit is located in the Hokusatsu district, about 30 km north of the Kagoshima International Airport, Kagoshima Prefecture (Fig. 1). In early 1981, a narrow (15 cm) but high-grade (290 g/t Au) vein was discovered 200 m below the surface by the Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MITI, 1982), and subsequent development has proved Hishikari to have substantial reserves of high-grade ore. Production from July 1985 to March 2000 totaled 105 tonnes (t) of gold and 58 t of silver from 1.87 Mt of ore. The production plus total reserves are estimated to be 5.5 Mt, including 3.5 Mt at an average grade of 60 to 70 g/t Au in the Honko-Sanjin ore zone and 2 Mt at 20 to 25 g/t Au in the Yamada ore zone, for a total of approximately 260 t of contained gold.

The Hishikari deposit, especially the Honko-Sanjin zone, is characterized by high gold contents in almost all veins and by a very high aluminum content in the veins due to abundant adularia and common smectite. This article presents a summary of the gold deposit at Hishikari and the detailed mineralogical description of a high-grade vein, the Hosen no. 1 vein, hosted by basement sedimentary rocks.
Geology and Geophysical Expression of the Yamagano Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Au-Ag Deposit, Southwest Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Murakami Hiroyasu , Feebrey Craig A.
Published: August 2024

The Yamagano deposit represents the third-largest known gold deposit in the Hokusatsu region of southern Kyushu. Its total historical gold production is 28.4 tonne (t) (Society of Resources and Material, 1989), which places it sixth in terms of gold-producing mines in Japan. Gold mineralization in Japan is dominated by low-sulfidation epithermal deposits of which the Yamagano deposit is typical, and like all other deposits of this style (with the exception of Hishikari) it has ceased production.
Kushikino Gold Mineralization in a Pliocene Volcanic Region, Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Izawa Eiji , Zeng Nanshi
Published: August 2024

The Kushikino gold mine (Gold Park) is located 30 km northwest of Kagoshima city (Fig. 1) and historically has been the fourth largest gold mine in Japan. The mine was opened in 1660 by a lord of the Satsuma Province (a province in southern Kyushu during the Edo era) and development took place mainly on the Serigano vein group (Fig. 2) in the south central part of the area (Miyahisa and Wakabayashi, 1972). In the late Meiji era, 1905, Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd. acquired the central part of the Kushikino area including the Kushikino no. 1 vein. In 1913, an all-slime cyanidation plant, the first of its kind in Japan at that time, began treating ore at a rate of 150 (t) per day. Since 1660 the mine has produced 55 t of gold and 497 t of silver, of which more than 80 percent was produced from the Kushikino no. 1 vein. Approximate average Au and Ag grades have been reported as 6.7 g/t and 61 g/t, respectively (MITI, 1979).

In 1988, the Kushikino Gold Park was opened adjacent to the operating gold mine. In the park, the western part of the champion vein (Kushikino no. 1 vein) around the “New” inclined shaft (Shin-shako) can be seen in the adit (mine level 2L, 60 m above sea level), though the mining operation is no longer active. This article compiles previous studies and revises our understanding of the epithermal gold mineralization at the Kushikino deposit.
Onta Pottery (Ontayaki) and Onta-Yamakuni Gold Field
Authors: Ryota Sekine , Koichiro Watanabe , Sachihiro Taguchi , Eiji Izawa
Published: August 2024

Onta pottery and the Onta-Yamakuni gold areas are located in the northwestern part of the Neogene Hohi volcanic zone, northern Kyushu. Hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks in the area host gold-bearing quartz veins and clay deposits. The Asahi mine had produced at least 0.3 tonnes (t) of gold during a 12-year production period between 1935 and 1953.
Kiruna-Type Low Ti, Fe Oxide Ores and Related Rocks, Adirondack Mountains, New York
Authors: McLelland James , Foose Michael P. , Morrison Jean
Published: August 2024

Adirondack iron ores consist primarily of massive magnetite that generally occurs in layers or in elongated shoots parallel to fold axes. The magnetite is commonly accompanied by REE-enriched apatite and aegerine-augite. Hand lens inspection of ore reveals numerous octahedra indicating that the ore is either undeformed or recrystallized. The ore is invariably associated with various subunits of Lyon Mt. Granitic Gneiss (LMG), which are either in close proximity or serve as the host rock. A strong correlation exists between occurrences of ore and the presence of albitic subunits of LMG. Detailed investigations of these subunits demonstrate that they result from replacement of LMG microperthite by almost pure albite (˜Ab98). The replacement process can be followed through initial stages of checkerboard albite and finally to quartz-albite rocks. Magnetite concentrations commonly occur in proximity to these rocks and almost every magnetite deposit hosted by granitoids shows evidence of checkerboard albite in the wall rocks.

Thin section examination of several layered magnetite deposits demonstrate that they are intimately interleaved with highly deformed feldspathic wall rock that is grain size reduced and contains rolled feldspars reflecting shear strain. Present in the magnetite are crystals of bright green aegerine-augite interpreted to be coeval with the ore and undeformed even at their edges. This observation indicates that the magnetite is also postdeformational, an interpretation supported by narrow veinlets of magnetite that cut deformed feldspar tails at high angles but remain undeformed. It is proposed that ore constituents were transported through, and deposited within, fracture systems that localized iron-bearing fluids. An origin of this sort is consistent with either hydrothermal or immiscible magmatic processes. The latter possibility is considered to be unlikely, since the magnetite appears to be in equilibrium with the several silicate phases that it is in contact with. Moreover a hydrothermal origin is supported by the ubiquitous presence of checkerboard albite.

Oxygen isotope studies indicate that the sodic, ore-bearing hydrothermal fluids equilibrated with wall rocks and ore at temperatures of 600°–700°C. The large scale of sodic alteration and magnetite deposition are best explained by a regional fluid of surface origin that evolved into saline brines either by evaporation or by interaction with evaporitic deposits. Such fluids are commonly associated with rare-earth-enriched, Kiruna-type, low Ti, Fe oxide deposits similar to those present in the Adirondacks.
The Other Side of Mining
Authors: Hathaway Edward M. , Lovely William P. , Acone Scott E. , Foster Scot A.
Published: August 2024

The Elizabeth mine was listed as a Superfund site in June, 2001, mainly because of the impacts of mine drainage from the site on the Ompompanoosuc River. The site is unusual because the community values some of historic aspects of the site that are causing the environmental problem. The site is also eligible for the National Register of Historic Places; therefore, the National Historic Preservation Act is an additional regulation applicable to the cleanup.

The Superfund law authorizes two kinds of response actions: (1) Short-term removals, where actions may be taken to address releases or threatened releases requiring prompt response, and (2) Long-term remedial response actions designed to permanently and significantly reduce the dangers associated with a release or threat of a release of hazardous substances, where the release is serious, but not immediately life threatening. Both types of actions are under consideration at the Elizabeth mine.

The U.S. Environmental Agency (EPA) has collected surface-water and sediment-chemistry data, performed surface-water and sediment toxicity tests, surveyed benthic community density and diversity (infauna and epifauna), and performed periphyton assessments, and other studies to evaluate fish abundance and assess potential human health impacts. Surface-water quality within Copperas Brook, the stream that drains the mine site, and within the mixing zone of the Copperas Brook confluence with the West Branch of the Ompompanoosuc River is clearly impacted by acid mine drainage from the site. The levels of contaminants detected in Copperas Brook and the mixing zone are many times higher than the Vermont Water Quality Standards and EPA accepted criteria.

Because of the applicable regulations, EPA has two major goals for the Elizabeth mine cleanup: (1) protect human health and the environment by preventing acid mine drainage formation; and (2) minimize impacts on the historic resources. Five cleanup options are proposed to meet these goals. All options include plans to preserve historic resources, divert surface water, stabilize slopes and cap or cover flotation tailings piles, and collect and passively treat remaining drainage. The options vary in the amount of rain and/or snowmelt water allowed to infiltrate through the cover/cap. The balance between historic preservation and cleanup costs will culminate in a decision regarding the amount of additional long term operation and maintenance costs that are acceptable to preserve this resource. EPA, in concert with the State of Vermont, will officially propose one of the approaches and allow time for public feedback. After consideration of public comments, EPA will implement a cleanup plan. It is expected that the cost of an early removal cleanup will be in excess of $10 million.
ANALISIS PENGARUH CURRENT RATIO DAN DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS (RETURN ON EQUITY) PADA PT RAMAYANA LESTARI SENTOSA TBK PERIODE 2016-2021
Authors: Suryani Elin , Napitupulu Andhika , Frederick Henry Waidan
Published: August 2024

Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara Current Ratio dan Debt to Equity Ratio terhadap Profitabilitas ( Return on Equity) pada PT Ramayana Lestari Sentosa TBK periode 2016-2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel independen yaitu Current Ratio dan Debt to Equity Ratio sedangkan variabel dependenya adalah Profitabilitas (Rerturn On Equity). Populasi penelitian adalah laporan keuangan PT Ramayana Lestari Sentosa selama 6 periode 2016-2021. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil uji parsial Current Ratio terhadap Profitabilitas (Return on Equity) menunjukakkan bahwa nilai signifikannya sebesar 0.233 > 0.05, nilai t hitung sebesar -1,490 < t tabel -3,182 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Current Ratio tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Hasil uji parsial Debt to Equity Ratio terhadap Profitabilitas (Return on Equity) menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikan sebesar 0,016 < 0.05 dan nilai t hitung sebesar -4,894 > t tabel -3,182  sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Debt to Equity Ratio berpengaruh secara signifikan kearah negatif terhadap Profitabilitas (Debt to Equity). Sedangkan hasil dari uji Simultan diketahui bahwa nilai F 12,655 > F tabel 6,944 dan nilai sig Sebesar 0.034 < 0.05. Artinya Tolak H0 dengan kata lain bahwa variabel Current Ratio dan Debt to Equity Ratio secara bersamaan berpengaruh positif  terhadap Profitabilitas.
PENGARUH PERPUTARAN PIUTANG DAN PERPUTARAN PERSEDIAAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN FOOD AND BEVERAGE YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2018-2021
Authors: Widiyawati Eni , Samosir Maralus , Simangunsong Malem Ukur
Published: August 2024

This study was conducted to examine the effect of Receivable Turnover and Inventory Turnover variables on Profitability of Food and Beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2021. The data used in this study were obtained from financial reports published by IDX, which were taken from the website www.idx.co.id as well as from the research sample website. The population taken is 33 food and beverage companies listed on the IDX in 2018-2021. The sampling technique used was a purposive sampling technique so that there were 19 research samples. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis, multiple linear regression analysis test and classical assumption test including normality test, multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test and heteroscedasticity test.
The results of the study show that Accounts Receivable Turnover and Inventory Turnover simultaneously or simultaneously affect the profitability of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2021. Separately, Accounts Receivable Turnover has a positive or significant effect on Profitability while Inventory Turnover has no effect on Profitability in food and beverage companies listed on the IDX in 2018-2021.
PENGARUH PERPUTARAN KAS DAN PERPUTARAN PERSEDIAAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. HANJAYA MANDALA SAMPOERNA TBK YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2014-2021)
Authors: Anggraeni Filza , Sarjana Samuel Horas , Rina Dameria N Rina Dameria N
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perputaran kas dan perputaran persediaan terhadap profotabilitas (ROA) pada PT. Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk periode 2014 sampai 2021 dalam triwulan dan tahunan. Data yang digunakan data sekunder. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode non-probability sampling yaitu sampel jenuh, populasi sama dengan sampel. Teknik analisis data menggunakan data menggunakan model deskriptif dan korelasi dengan tingkat signifikan 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara parsial, Perputaran Kas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, sedangkan Perputaran Persediaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Sedangkan secara simultan, Perputaran Kas dan Perputaran Persediaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. Nilai R square sebesar 0,739 yang menunjukkan 73,9% ROA dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel independen, sedangkan sisanya 26,1% dijelaskan diluar variabel lain diluar penelitian ini.
PENGARUH CURRENT RATIO, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, RETURN ON ASSETS DAN SALES GROWTH TERHADAP OPINI AUDIT GOING CONCERN)
Authors: Joharudin Bagus , Sinaga Eric Alfretdo , Napitupulu Rina Dameri , Hotman H Tobing Erie
Published: August 2024

Penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh current ratio, debt to equityratio, return on asset dan sales growth terhadap opini audit going concern pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur yangterdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2018-2021. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknikpurposive sampling. Berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan diperoleh sejumlah 392 sampel penelitian. Jenis datayang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diambil dengan metode dokumentasi yaitu dengan melihat danmengumpulkan data laporan keuangan yang berkaitan dengan current ratio, debt to equity ratio, return on asset dansales growth. Teknis analisis yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode deskriptif dan analisis regresi logistikyang diolah dengan menggunakan software aplikasi SPPS versi 25.Hasil penelitian ini secara parsial menunjukkan current ratio tidak berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadapopini audit going concern dengan hasil nilai signifikasi 0,104 > 0,05. Secara parsial debt to equity ratio tidakberpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap opini audit going concern dengan hasil nilai signifikasi sebesar 0,114 >0,05. Secara parsial return on assets berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap opini audit going concern dengan hasilnilai signifikasi 0,000 < 0,05. Secara parsial sales growth tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap opini audit going concerndengan hasil nilai signifikasi sebesar 0,125 > 0,05. Namun, secara simultan current ratio, debt to equity ratio, returnon assets dan sales growth berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap opini audit going concern dengan nilai signifikasi0,000 < 0,05.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR INDUSTRI DASAR DAN KIMIA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2018-2021)
Authors: ASLAH TITI , JIHAT
Published: August 2024

Adanya perbedaan kepentingan antara pemerintah dengan wajib pajak menimbulkan tindakan penghindaran pajak oleh wajib pajak dalam bentuk memanfaatkan celah Undang-Undang Perpajakan. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, dan Likuiditas terhadap Agresivitas Pajak (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Dasar Dan Kimia Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2018-2021). Dari hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa profitabilitas (Return on Assets) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak (Effective Tax Rate), sedangkan pada Leverage (Debt to Equity Ratio) dan Likuiditas (Current Ratio) tidak berpengaruh terhadap agresivitas pajak (Effective Tax Rate) di perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Dasar Dan Kimia Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2018-2021.
ANALISIS PENGARUH HARGA, PELAYANAN, DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PENGGUNAAN JASA OJEK ONLINE “GOJEK” PADA MAHASISWA STIE JAYAKARTA TAHUN 2024
Authors: Sari Nilam Intan , Nainggolan Ringkot P
Published: August 2024

This article was conducted with the aim of evaluating the impact of prices, services and promotions offered by the Indonesian Gojek company on the decision to use Gojek online motorcycle taxi services among STIE Jayakarta 2024 students. A numbers-based approach was used in the descriptive method. The required sample of 63 individuals was obtained using the Slovin method. This study revealed that although individual price is not a significant factor in consumer decisions, usage decisions are strongly influenced by service and promotions. The level of certainty of the coefficient of determination is 52%. This proves that price, service and promotion variables influence 52% of usage decisions, while the remaining 48% can be analyzed by factors not investigated by this article.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN DISKON PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN E-COMMERCE SHOPEE ( STUDY KASUS MAHASISWA/I STIE JAYAKARTA )
Authors: Sukmawati Hanny , Vini Cahyati Annisa , Napitupulu Andhika
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis Kualitas Pelayanan dan diskon produk terhadap kepuasan konsumen pada pengguna shopee di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Program Studi Strata Satu Manajemen dimana Kualitas Pelayanan dan Diskon Produk Sebagai variabel independen sedangkan Kepuasan Konsumen sebagai variabel dependen. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang di analisis menggunakan uji analisis regresi linear berganda dengan program pengolahan data SPSS 26.0. Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 150  mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Manajemen STIE Jayakarta yang adalah pengguna Shopee. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan secara kuantitatif melalui data sampling menggunakan metode kuesioner. Hasil uji T (parsial) kualitas pelayanan dan diskon produk menunjukan bawah nilai T tabel > T terhitung yaitu 13,237 > 1,972 & 3,583 > 1,972. Sedangakan hasil pada uji F (simultan) dengan nilai F hitung > F tabel yaitu 855,925 > 3,06. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh dari kualitas pelayanan dan diskon produk terhadap kepuasan konsumen Mahasiswa/i STIE Jayakarta pengguna Shopee.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA FISIK TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL
Authors: Gunawan Bryan Adi , Damayanti Damayanti
Published: August 2024

Normal worker performance is the end result of certain movements completed with the aid of personnel in their paintings. If the effects of the paintings are in accordance with the requirements present in the affiliation, then the association's dreams may be done. The reason of this studies is to decide the have an impact on of management, motivation and physical paintings environment on worker performance on the Dinas Perindsutrian dan Tenaga Kerja Rembang Regency. The research become directed the usage of a saturated sampling approach so that 44 respondents were obtained. The information collection procedure uses a questionnaire. The facts evaluation method uses a couple of linear regression evaluation. The check used is a willpower test, which specially assessments how a good deal impact the existing independent variable factors have on the structured variable. The effects of this studies display that management has a mere fine effect, motivation has a huge advantageous impact, and the bodily work surroundings has a trifling fantastic impact on authorities overall performance.
Entrenching Gender Inequality in the Niger Delta through the Niger Delta Development Commission's Interventions
Authors: Akinyoade Demola V.
Published: August 2024

Interventions are meant to cause positive changes in the life of a people. Extant literature has however, shown that they can equally impact negatively. This study relies on this widely acclaimed position in assessing the interventions of the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) on one of the possible areas of impacts-gender. Empirical works on the Commission have not investigated the nature, dynamics and implications of the NDDC interventions on gender. What is the institutional capacity of the NDDC for gender sensitivity? How did the interventions impact on gender dynamics in beneficiary communities? The study adopted qualitative research methods-grounded theory and case study designs. Primary and secondary data )"ere collected through key-informant and in-depth interviews, documents and observation. ATLAS.ti 7.0 was used for data analyses. Data collection and analyses were iterative. Odi Community in Bayelsa State of Nigeria was selected as the case study. The Gender-Based Analysis of Intervention Framework (GBAIF) was used to assess the impacts of the interventions on gender dynamics of Odi. Findings show that the articulated guiding principles of the Commission stipulate gender sensitivity in its intervention programming. However, the NDDC lacks institutional capacity for gender sensitivity. Thus the interventions are gender-blind because the Commission does not mainstream gender in its interventions. Consequently, they impacts negatively on gender relations by inadvertently entrenching traditional power disequilibrium and gender roles between females and males. This happens because the interventions fail to recognise and include women group in its community engagement meetings; allocate more financial resources to males through income from wages as labourers in construction projects; by not making provision for women's needs in their training programmes, hence discouraging women participation; and by designing special programmes such as Home Management Business Skills that entrench women's traditional reproduction activities.
Rethinking the Image of Women in Recent Nigerian Video-films: The Example of Chinwe Egwuagu's Mr & Mrs
Authors: Edebor Solomon
Published: August 2024

This paper attempts to interrogate the image of women presented to the Nigerian audience in recent Nigerian video-films against the backdrop of some earlier studies that affirm prejudiced and damaging portraitures of Nigerian women. Chinwe Egwuagu's Mr & Mrs has been used as a representative sample of this new trend that projects women largely in positive light. The paper posits that there is, indeed, a need to further re-invent the image of women with a view to negotiating a better space for them, thereby ensuring gender balance. It, nevertheless, cautions against productions that will fall victims of negative, biased and/or inaccurate portrayals of the male gender, thus, rendering efforts of Nigerian video-filmmakers counter-productive.
Assessment of Potentials of Historic Sites in Boosting Tourism Development: A Case Study of Arondizogu, lmo State
Authors: Iwuagwu Nonso , Kukoyi Ibrahim A.
Published: August 2024

Cultural heritage is a main issue for the identity of different nations. In the 21st century, the increasing urbanization of the world coupled with global issues of environmental degradation, economic restructuring and social exclusion, demand that we take a deeper look of the future of cultural and heritage sites. Arondizogu community is made up of so many historic sites, however most of these cultural heritage sites are partially or completely deteriorated due to lack of proper planning, development and documentation, hence modernization theory of development was employed in the study. Cultural heritage and historic sites have lost their dynamism especially during the recent years necessitating the urgent need for development. As cultural heritage sites are considered as a part of a nation's assets, Nigeriamust reconsider her way of planning, managing, developing and conserving these sites. Therefore this paper attempts to explore the possibility of using the potentials of cultural heritage sites as a resource to boost tourism development thereby increasing our national income through good management. Findings were made through interviews and personal observations, the study was concluded by recommending proposed guideline planning methodology for government, NGOs, and conservation specialists etc, which will help them in establishing a sustainable cultural heritage sites.