bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinico‐Genetic, Imaging and Molecular Delineation of COQ8A‐Ataxia: A Multicenter Study of 59 Patients
Authors: Traschütz Andreas , Schirinzi Tommaso , Laugwitz Lucia , Murray Nathan H. , Bingman Craig A. , Reich Selina , Kern Jan , Heinzmann Anna , Vasco Gessica , Bertini Enrico , Zanni Ginevra , Durr Alexandra , Magri Stefania , Taroni Franco , Malandrini Alessandro , Baets Jonathan , de Jonghe Peter , de Ridder Willem , Bereau Matthieu , Demuth Stephanie , Ganos Christos , Basak A. Nazli , Hanagasi Hasmet , Kurul Semra Hiz , Bender Benjamin , Schöls Ludger , Grasshoff Ute , Klopstock Thomas , Horvath Rita , van de Warrenburg Bart , Burglen Lydie , Rougeot Christelle , Ewenczyk Claire , Koenig Michel , Santorelli Filippo M. , Anheim Mathieu , Munhoz Renato P. , Haack Tobias , Distelmaier Felix , Pagliarini David J. , Puccio Hélène , Synofzik Matthis
Published: April 2020

Objective

To foster trial‐readiness of coenzyme Q8A (COQ8A)‐ataxia, we map the clinicogenetic, molecular, and neuroimaging spectrum of COQ8A‐ataxia in a large worldwide cohort, and provide first progression data, including treatment response to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10).

Methods

Cross‐modal analysis of a multicenter cohort of 59 COQ8A patients, including genotype–phenotype correlations, 3D‐protein modeling, in vitro mutation analyses, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers, disease progression, and CoQ10 response data.

Results

Fifty‐nine patients (39 novel) with 44 pathogenic COQ8A variants (18 novel) were identified. Missense variants demonstrated a pleiotropic range of detrimental effects upon protein modeling and in vitro analysis of purified variants. COQ8A‐ataxia presented as variable multisystemic, early‐onset cerebellar ataxia, with complicating features ranging from epilepsy (32%) and cognitive impairment (49%) to exercise intolerance (25%) and hyperkinetic movement disorders (41%), including dystonia and myoclonus as presenting symptoms. Multisystemic involvement was more prevalent in missense than biallelic loss‐of‐function variants (82–93% vs 53%; p = 0.029). Cerebellar atrophy was universal on MRI (100%), with cerebral atrophy or dentate and pontine T2 hyperintensities observed in 28%. Cross‐sectional (n = 34) and longitudinal (n = 7) assessments consistently indicated mild‐to‐moderate progression of ataxia (SARA: 0.45/year). CoQ10 treatment led to improvement by clinical report in 14 of 30 patients, and by quantitative longitudinal assessments in 8 of 11 patients (SARA: −0.81/year). Explorative sample size calculations indicate that ≥48 patients per arm may suffice to demonstrate efficacy for interventions that reduce progression by 50%.

Interpretation

This study provides a deeper understanding of the disease, and paves the way toward large‐scale natural history studies and treatment trials in COQ8A‐ataxia. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:251–263
γ‐Glutamylcysteine‐ and Cysteinylglycine‐Directed Growth of Chiral Gold Nanoparticles and their Crystallographic Analysis
Authors: Kim Hyeohn , Im Sang Won , Cho Nam Heon , Seo Da Hye , Kim Ryeong Myeong , Lim Yae‐Chan , Lee Hye‐Eun , Ahn Hyo‐Yong , Nam Ki Tae
Published: April 2020

Chiral optical metamaterials with delicate structures are in high demand in various fields because of their strong light–matter interactions. Recently, a scalable strategy for the synthesis of chiral plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) using amino acids and peptides has been reported. Reported herein, 3D chiral gold NPs were synthesized using dipeptide γ‐Glu‐Cys and Cys‐Gly and analyzed crystallographically. The γ‐Glu‐Cys‐directed NPs present a cube‐like outline with a protruding chiral wing. In comparison, the NPs synthesized with Cys‐Gly exhibited a rhombic dodecahedron‐like outline with curved edges and elliptical cavities on each face. Morphology analysis of intermediates indicated that γ‐Glu‐Cys generated an intermediate concave hexoctahedron morphology, while Cys‐Gly formed a concave rhombic dodecahedron. NPs synthesized with Cys‐Gly are named 432 helicoid V because of their unique morphology and growth pathway.
Dual‐Template Pore Engineering of Whey Powder‐Derived Carbon as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst for Primary Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Yan Shunyao , Yu Zixun , Liu Chang , Yuan Ziwen , Wang Chaojun , Chen Junsheng , Wei Li , Chen Yuan
Published: April 2020

Cost‐effective and high‐performance electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) are needed for many energy storage and conversion devices. Here, we demonstrate that whey powder, a major by‐product in the dairy industry, can be used as a sustainable precursor to produce heteroatom doped carbon electrocatalysts for ORR. Rich N and S compounds in whey powders can generate abundant catalytic active sites. However, these sites are not easily accessible by reactants of ORR. A dual‐template method was used to create a hierarchically and interconnected porous structure with micropores created by ZnCl2 and large mesopores generated by fumed SiO2 particles. At the optimum mass ratio of whey power: ZnCl2 : SiO2 at 1 : 3 : 0.8, the resulting carbon material has a large specific surface area close to 2000 m2 g−1, containing 4.6 at.% of N with 39.7% as pyridinic N. This carbon material shows superior electrocatalytic activity for ORR, with an electron transfer number of 3.88 and a large kinetic limiting current density of 45.40 mA cm−2. They were employed as ORR catalysts to assemble primary zinc‐air batteries, which deliver a power density of 84.1 mW cm−2 and a specific capacity of 779.5 mAh g−1, outperforming batteries constructed using a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Our findings open new opportunities to use an abundant biomaterial, whey powder, to create high‐value‐added carbon electrocatalysts for emerging energy applications.
A systematic analysis of economic evaluation studies of second‐generation biorefineries providing chemicals by applying biotechnological processes
Authors: Jorissen Tobias , Oraby Amira , Recke Guido , Zibek Susanne
Published: April 2020

The objective of this review is a global assessment of the economics of second‐generation biorefineries, with a focus on the use of food waste and agricultural residues for chemical production by applying biotechnological processes. Analyses are conducted on feedstock and product distribution, applied economic models, and profitability figures for the period 2013–2018. In a study of 163 articles on different biorefinery systems, the production of chemicals is identified as the second major product class, after bioenergy. Bagasse and straw are frequently analyzed second‐generation feedstocks. Based on the evaluation of 22 articles, second‐generation biorefineries producing chemicals by applying biotechnological processes proves to be economically feasible. On average, both the internal rate of return (IRR) and the return on investment (ROI) are 20% and the payback period (PP) is 6 years. The cost share of feedstock in biorefineries is between 0–50%. The price of the end product and the fermentation yields have the most impact on profitability. The processing of food waste that has industrial and municipal origins appears more economical than the processing of agricultural residues. Scientists, policy makers and entrepreneurs with an appropriate risk tolerance are advised to pay particular attention to municipal food waste and the potential economic production of carboxylic acids. For various economic issues related to biorefineries, dynamic‐deterministic models are recommended, which can be extended by a stochastic model. This review provides an initial overview of the economic feasibility of second‐generation biorefineries. Further techno‐economic analyses are required to produce statistically significant statements on key profitability figures. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biogenic Iron Preserves Structures during Fossilization: A Hypothesis
Authors: Saleh Farid , Daley Allison C. , Lefebvre Bertrand , Pittet Bernard , Perrillat Jean Philippe
Published: April 2020

It is hypothesized that iron from biological tissues, liberated during decay, may have played a role in inhibiting loss of anatomical information during fossilization of extinct organisms. Most tissues in the animal kingdom contain iron in different forms. A widely distributed iron‐bearing molecule is ferritin, a globular protein that contains iron crystallites in the form of ferrihydrite minerals. Iron concentrations in ferritin are high and ferrihydrites are extremely reactive. When ancient animals are decaying on the sea floor under anoxic environmental conditions, ferrihydrites may initialize the selective replication of some tissues in pyrite FeS2. This model explains why some labile tissues are preserved, while other more resistant structures decay and are absent in many fossils. A major implication of this hypothesis is that structures described as brains in Cambrian arthropods are not fossilization artifacts, but are instead a source of information on anatomical evolution at the dawn of complex animal life.
Nonfinancial reporting regulation and challenges in sustainability disclosure and corporate governance practices
Authors: Aureli Selena , Del Baldo Mara , Lombardi Rosa , Nappo Fabio
Published: April 2020

This paper aims to investigate how the shift from voluntary to mandatory nonfinancial information started by the European Union (EU) Directive 95/2014 may influence corporate practices. In particular, this research presents a paradigmatic case study to highlight relevant changes in reporting strategy and corporate governance adopted by an Italian listed company that never disclosed sustainability information before the transposition of the EU Directive into the Legislative Decree 254/2016. In this scenario, new obligations on nonfinancial reporting were not perceived as mere additional administrative duties and the nonfinancial statement became an opportunity to communicate company's paths towards sustainability, guaranteeing transparency and greater stakeholders' engagement. Our findings go beyond prior studies pointing out how organisations adopt strategic and tactical responses to the pressure stemming from the external environment. Additionally, it highlights the pivotal function played by the internal audit in setting up the direction of change. This research has theoretical and practical contributions for academic communities, policymakers and practitioners.
The key candidate genes in tubulointerstitial injury of chronic kidney diseases patients as determined by bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Wang Wanpeng , Shen Jianxiao , Qi Chaojun , Pu Juan , Chen Haoyu , Zuo Zhi
Published: April 2020

Pathologic changes such as renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD), which in turn, leads to loss of renal function. The aims of present study were to screen critical genes with tubulointerstitial lesion in CKD by weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Gene expression data including 169 tubulointerstitial samples of CKD and 21 controls downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Totally 294 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, including 180 upregulated and 114 downregulated genes. Meanwhile, 90 expression data of tubulointerstitial samples combined with clinic information were applied to explore the potential mechanisms of tubulointerstitial lesion. As a consequence, the blue, brown and yellow modules which included the most DEGs compared to the other modules and exhibited strongly association with eGFR, were significantly enriched in several signalling pathways that have been reported involved in pathogenesis of CKD. Furthermore, it was found that the four genes (PLG, ITGB2, CTSS and CCL5) was one of the DEGs which also be identified as hub genes according to Kwithin. Finally, the Nephroseq online tool showed that the tubulointerstitial expression levels of PLG significantly positively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while ITGB2, CTSS and CCL5 connected negatively to the eGFR of CKD patients. Taken together, WGCNA is an efficient approach to system biology. By this procedure, the present study enhanced the understanding of the transcriptome status of CKD and might shed a light on the further investigation on the mechanisms of renal tubulointerstitial injury in CKD.

Significance of study

Traditional molecular biology can only explain the local part of the biological system, and difficult to make comprehensive exploration of the whole biological system in the chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we gave an explicit elucidation of dysregulated protein coding genes by the analysis of microarray datasets in GEO database. We have presented a novel approach using weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to explore the DEGs which implicated in CKD process. In this study, we conducted WGCNA to explore the potential mechanisms of renal tubular damage, and provided novel biomarkers associated with the molecular mechanisms underlying renal tubulointerstitial injury in CKD.
Incidence and fate of device‐related left pulmonary artery stenosis and aortic coarctation in small infants undergoing transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure
Authors: Tomasulo Catherine E. , Gillespie Matthew J. , Munson David , Demkin Taylor , O'Byrne Michael L. , Dori Yoav , Smith Christopher L. , Rome Jonathan J. , Glatz Andrew C.
Published: April 2020

Objectives

To evaluate short‐ and middle‐term outcomes after transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (TC‐PDA) closure in small infants, specifically device‐related left pulmonary artery (LPA) stenosis and aortic coarctation, risk factors, and changes over time.

Background

Recent studies have demonstrated successful transcatheter PDA (TC‐PDA) closure in small infants. LPA stenosis and aortic coarctation have been seen after TC‐PDA, but it is not clear whether device‐related LPA/aortic obstruction persists.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective study of infants ≤4 kg who underwent TC‐PDA closure from February 1, 2007 to September 1, 2018 was performed, evaluating the incidence and risk factors for LPA stenosis and coarctation.

Results

Forty‐four patients underwent successful TC‐PDA with Amplatzer Vascular Plug II (AVPII; n = 30), Amplatzer Duct Occluder II‐Additional Sizes (n = 10), Amplatzer Duct Occluder I (n = 3), and coil‐filled AVPI (n = 1) devices, all via an antegrade approach. Median birthweight and procedural weight were 890 g (range: 490–3,250) and 2.8 kg (range: 1.2–4.0), respectively. Median follow‐up was 0.7 years (range: 2 days–7 years). Thirty‐eight patients had post‐procedure echocardiograms assessing LPA/aortic obstruction. Of those, 17 had LPA flow acceleration/stenosis (≥1.5 m/s), which improved or resolved in all patients with available follow‐up; 3 developed mild coarctation (>2 m/s), which improved in the two with more than short‐term follow‐up; 4 developed mild flow acceleration (1.5–2 m/s) in the descending aorta, which resolved in three and increased in one (2.4 m/s). Flow acceleration in the LPA was associated with younger procedural age, larger PDA minimal diameter, and placement of a device other than the AVPII. There was no device‐related mortality or need for reintervention.

Conclusion

TC‐PDA in small infants is effective, without significant complications. Device‐related LPA/aortic obstruction can improve with time/growth.
Phosphorus‐Modified Mesoporous Inorganic Materials for Production of Hydrocarbon Fuels and Value‐Added Chemicals
Authors: Kasipandi Saravanan , Ali Mansoor , Li Yongdan , Bae Jong Wook
Published: April 2020

Phosphorus‐modified mesoporous inorganic materials play crucial roles in the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass materials such as syngas (CO and H2), carbohydrate sugars and lignin. This review summarizes the recent advances on the Co‐impregnated phosphorus‐modified γ‐Al2O3 and SiO2 catalysts for production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels via Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction of syngas as well as metal phosphates or precious (Pt and Ru) metals‐supported on the metal phosphates for production of furanic compounds, levulinic acid, aromatics and fuel commodities from carbohydrate sugars and lignin. These phosphorus‐modified materials play key roles in the syngas as well as biomass conversion processes due to their tunable surface properties and mesoporous structures. Phosphorus to metal ratios of inorganic materials with their porosity, calcination temperatures of metal phosphates, natures of biomass feedstocks, and reaction variables significantly affect yields of both hydrocarbon fuels and value‐added chemicals. This short review mainly focusses on the various applications of those mesoporous catalysts and supports, and strategies for effective catalytic transformations of lignocellulosic biomass‐derived feedstocks.
Progress on Selective Catalytic Ammonia Oxidation (NH3‐SCO) over Cu−Containing Zeolite‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Jabłońska Magdalena
Published: April 2020

The selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia into nitrogen and water vapor (NH3‐SCO) has proven to be the most efficient technique for the removal of NH3 from the oxygen‐containing diesel exhausts. Until now, two reviews over investigated catalysts have been published in 2015–2016 (Jabłońska et al., RCS. Adv. 2015; Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2016). Among various NH3‐SCO catalysts, Cu‐ and/or Fe‐containing zeolites are considered as promising candidates due to their benign nature, NH3 storage capacity, very high NH3 conversion and N2 selectivity. The present review focusses only on the Cu‐containing zeolites (mainly on chabazite (CHA): SSZ‐13, SAPO‐34) catalysts) applied in NH3‐SCO starting from 2015. The synthesis/preparation methods and the state of Cu in catalysts on the activity and selectivity are highlighted. The advantages of the understanding of the reaction mechanism are reviewed. Finally, an outlook is given together with expected inspirations for future research directions in developing zeolite‐based catalysts.
Dendrite‐Free Lithium Anodes with a Metal Organic Framework‐Derived Cake‐like TiO2 Coating on the Separator
Authors: Fu Shiyang , Wang Lili , Zhao Teng , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: April 2020

Lithium metal, with a high theoretical capacity of 3860 mAh/g and a low electrochemical potential of −3.040 V, is an attractive anode material. However, its application has been hampered by irregular lithium dendrite growth and low coulombic efficiency. To solve these problems, a facile air calcination strategy was used to prepare cake‐like TiO2 nanoparticles with rich pores, which were further coated on one side of the commercial Celgard separator. The nanoscale mesoporous channels on the surface of TiO2 particles can effectively block the growth of lithium dendrites, leading to dense and uniform Li deposition with a high coulombic efficiency. Compared with the blank cell (50 cycles of normal operation), the Li||Cu cell with modified separator can run 100 cycles at 2 mA/cm2 with an average coulombic efficiency of 97.3 %. These results herald a new approach to dendrite‐free lithium anodes by nanostructured ceramic coating on the separator.
Ultrathin NiFeS Nanomeshes with Sulfur Vacancy for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ma Aijing , Wang Changhong , Lu Yao , Wu Xuan , Mamba Bhekie B. , Kuvarega Alex T. , Kefeni Kebede K. , Gui Jianzhou , Liu Dan
Published: April 2020

The development of novel transition metal‐based electrocatalysts with high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity is significant. NiFeS shows promising potential for HER because of its suitable electronic configuration. However, the low ratio of accessible active sites hinders its HER performance. Processing NiFeS into ultrathin nanosheets with abundant pores and vacancies can increase the number of active sites and enhance the intrinsic activity of active sites, but, the synthesis is still challenging. Here, we developed a facile two‐step conversion strategy to prepare ultrathin NiFeS nanomeshes with sulfur vacancies (NiFeS1‐x UNM). The overpotential of NiFeS1‐x UNM for 10 mA cm−2 was only 81 mV in acid electrolyte, much lower than the counterpart of NiFeS nanosheets (NiFeS NS) without sulfur vacancies (118 mV). Combining the electrochemical characterizations and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we revealed that the superior performance of NiFeS1‐x UNM originated from the increased active sites, accelerated electron/mass transfer and improved intrinsic activity.
Rottlerin: Structure Modifications and KCNQ1/KCNE1 Ion Channel Activity
Authors: Lübke Marco , Schreiber Julian A. , Le Quoc Thang , Körber Florian , Müller Jasmin , Sivanathan Sivatharushan , Matschke Veronika , Schubert Janina , Strutz‐Seebohm Nathalie , Seebohm Guiscard , Scherkenbeck Jürgen
Published: April 2020

The slow delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs) is formed by the KCNQ1 (Kv7.1) channel, an ion channel of four α‐subunits that modulates KCNE1 β‐subunits. IKs is central to the repolarization of the cardiac action potential. Loss of function mutation reducing ventricular cardiac IKs cause the long‐QT syndrome (LQTS), a disorder that predisposes patients to arrhythmia and sudden death. Current therapy for LQTS is inadequate. Rottlerin, a natural product of the kamala tree, activates IKs and has the potential to provide a new strategy for rational drug therapy. In this study, we show that simple modifications such as penta‐acetylation or penta‐methylation of rottlerin blunts activation activity. Total synthesis was used to prepare side‐chain‐modified derivatives that slowed down KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel deactivation to different degrees. A binding hypothesis of rottlerin is provided that opens the way to improved IKs activators as novel therapeutics for the treatment of LQTS.
Dopamine‐Modified Zero‐Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Dual‐Modality Photothermal and Photodynamic Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yu Hsin Her , Lin Chia‐Hua , Chen Yi‐Chun , Chen Hung‐Hsiang , Lin Yu‐Jing , Lin Kun‐Yi Andrew
Published: April 2020

Phototherapy has the advantages of minimal invasion, few side effects, and improved accuracy for cancer therapy. The application of a polydopamine (PDA)‐modified nano zero‐valent iron (nZVI@PDA) as a new synergistic agent in combination with photodynamic/photothermal (PD/PT) therapy to kill cancer cells is discussed here. The nZVI@PDA offered high light‐to‐heat conversion and ROS generation efficiency under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation (808 nm), thus leading to irreversible damage to nZVI@PDA‐treated MCF‐7 cells at low concentration, without inducing apoptosis in normal cells. Irradiation of nZVI@PDA using an NIR laser converted the energy of the photons to heat and ROS. Our results showed that modification of the PDA on the surface of nZVI can improve the biocompatibility of the nZVI@PDA. This work integrated the PD and PT effects into a single nanodevice to afford a highly efficient cancer treatment. Meanwhile, nZVI@PDA, which combines the advantages of PDA and nZVI, displayed excellent biocompatibility and tumoricidal ability, thus suggesting its huge potential for future clinical research in cancer therapy.
Structure‐Activity Relationships of Butyrophilin 3 Ligands
Authors: Wiemer Andrew J.
Published: April 2020

Phosphoantigens (pAgs) are small phosphorus‐containing molecules that stimulate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with sub‐nanomolar cellular potency. Recent work has revealed that these compounds work through binding to the transmembrane immunoglobulin butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1) within its intracellular B30.2 domain. Engagement of BTN3A1 is critical to the formation of an immune synapse between cells that contain pAgs and the Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. This minireview summarizes the structure‐activity relationships of pAgs and their implications to the mechanisms of butyrophilin 3 activation leading to Vγ9Vδ2 T cell response.
Thermo‐Photocatalytic Methanol Reforming for Hydrogen Production over a CuPd−TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: López‐Martín A. , Platero F. , Caballero A. , Colón Gerardo
Published: April 2020

A bimetallic CuPd/TiO2 system has been prepared by a two‐step synthesis and was used for a methanol steam photoreforming reaction. By sequential deposition, palladium is deposited over copper nanoclusters through a galvanic replacement process. Hydrogen production by steam reforming from methanol was achieved by both thermo‐photocatalytic and photocatalytic processes. It appears that H2 production on the bimetallic system is notably higher than the Pd monometallic reference. Moreover this difference in the catalytic performance could be related to the higher CO evolution observed for the monometallic Pd1.0 TiO2 system which is partially inhibited in the bimetallic catalyst. In addition, an important thermal effect can be envisaged in all cases. Nevertheless, this improved effect in the thermo‐photocatalytic process is accompanied by a remarkable CO evolution and SMSI effect (important strong metal‐support interactions) that hindered the efficiency as temperature increases. On this basis, optimal operational conditions for H2 production are obtained for thermo‐photocatalytic reforming at 100 °C, for which the synergetic effect is higher with lower CO production (H2/CO=4).
Myo‐inositol enhances drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass through alteration of osmotic adjustment, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense
Authors: Li Zhou , Fu Jingyan , Shi Diwen , Peng Yan
Published: April 2020

Myo‐inositol (MI) regulates stress adaptation in plants. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of foliar MI application on improving drought tolerance associated with osmotic adjustment (OA), photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). Both MI‐pretreated (1 mM) and untreated plants were subjected to drought stress or well‐watered conditions for 12 d in growth chambers. Results showed that exogenous MI application protected plants from drought damage by improving OA and water use efficiency, and this contributed to better water status in creeping bentgrass. Interestingly, the foliar spray of MI promoted the accumulation of water‐soluble carbohydrates but decreased drought‐induced free proline in leaves. The MI‐pretreated plants exhibited significantly greater chlorophyll (Chl) content, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), performance index on an absorption basis (PIABS), and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) than untreated plants in response to drought stress. Foliar application of MI decreased superoxide anion radical, H2O2, and malondialdehyde contents and electrolyte leakage but increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities and gene expression in leaves under drought stress. This study indicates that MI‐induced drought tolerance was involved in the maintenance of better water relation associated with increases in OA and water use efficiency, the decline in Chl loss for photosynthetic maintenance, and improvement in antioxidant enzymes activity and gene expression contributing to less oxidative damage under drought stress. It is worth further investigating stress‐defensive proteins and metabolites induced by MI in turfgrass or other plant species under drought stress or other abiotic stresses.
Light‐Intensity‐Responsive Changes of Products in Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitrous Acid on a Cu‐Doped Covalent Triazine Framework–TiO2 Hybrid
Authors: Kamiya Kazuhide , Sugimoto Rino , Tatebe Tomomi , Harada Takashi , Nakanishi Shuji
Published: April 2020

In the design of solar‐energy conversion electrochemical systems, it is important to consider that natural sunlight fluctuates. By taking nitrous acid photoreduction as an example, this study has shown that the reaction pathway, and hence the reaction products, dynamically respond to variations in light intensity. Under irradiation, the photooxidation of methanol (as sacrificial agent) on TiO2 and the reduction of HNO2 on a Cu‐modified covalent triazine framework (Cu‐CTF) are electrically coupled, which leads to the photoreduction of HNO2 without an external bias. The major product of the reaction changes from N2O to NH4+ with an increase in the light intensity. The operating potential also shifts negatively (or positively) when the light intensity is increased (or decreased). These results indicate that a change in the reaction pathway is triggered by a change in the operating potential of the Cu‐CTF catalyst under varying light intensity. Such a light‐intensity‐dependent change in the reaction pathway is particularly important in systems that use photoresponsive electrodes and where multiple products can be obtained, such as the solar‐driven reduction of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
Assessing accessibility: Universal Design for university websites
Authors: Huffington Dennis , Copeland Boyd , Devany Katie , Parker‐Gills Anthony , Patel Jasmin
Published: April 2020

The number of students with disabilities attending colleges and universities is growing nationally. Statistics on the number of individuals affected by disability vary, but a consensus exists that the number of those affected is staggering. In the United States alone, 57 million individuals, or 18.7% of the population, report a disability. The World Health Organization reports that 15% of the world population experience some form of disability, a percentage that represents one billion individuals. This number may continue to increase as the population ages and those who are not currently disabled become disabled.
Harvard settles web access complaint
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: April 2020

The National Association of the Deaf, on behalf of its members; private individuals on behalf of themselves; and a proposed class have settled a complaint against Harvard University in a case seeking declaratory and injunctive relief requiring Harvard to provide timely, accurate captioning of the audio and audiovisual content Harvard makes available online to the general public for free. The consent decree states: “With the mutual intent of increasing access to Harvard's online audio and video content for deaf and hard‐of‐hearing people, the Parties have jointly agreed to the final disposition of this action in its entirety by Consent Decree.”
A new strain group of common carp: The genetic differences and admixture events between Cyprinus carpio breeds
Authors: Nedoluzhko Artem V. , Slobodova Natalia V. , Sharko Fedor , Shalgimbayeva Gulmira M. , Tsygankova Svetlana V. , Boulygina Eugenia S. , Jeney Zsigmond , Nguyen Van Q. , Pham Thế T. , Nguyen Đức T. , Volkov Alexander A. , Fernandes Jorge M.O. , Rastorguev Sergey M.
Published: April 2020

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) has an outstanding economic importance in freshwater aquaculture due to its high adaptive capacity to both food and environment. In fact, it is the third most farmed fish species worldwide according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. More than four million tons of common carp are produced annually in aquaculture, and more than a hundred thousand tons are caught from the wild. Historically, the common carp was also the first fish species to be domesticated in ancient China, and now, there is a huge variety of domestic carp strains worldwide. In the present study, we used double digestion restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing to genotype several European common carp strains and showed that they are divided into two distinct groups. One of them includes central European common carp strains as well as Ponto–Caspian wild common carp populations, whereas the other group contains several common carp strains that originated in the Soviet Union, mostly as cold‐resistant strains. We believe that breeding with wild Amur carp and subsequent selection of the hybrids for resistance to adverse environmental conditions was the attribute of the second group. We assessed the contribution of wild Amur carp inheritance to the common carp strains and discovered discriminating genes, which differed in allele frequencies between groups. Taken together, our results improve our current understanding of the genetic variability of common carp, namely the structure of natural and artificial carp populations, and the contribution of wild carp traits to domestic strains.
Translate key information on website to attract, assist linguistically diverse students
Authors: Doran Chris , Taylor Zachary W.
Published: April 2020

Students must be able to read and comprehend material published on their college or university's website. Recent research has suggested that higher education–related communication is often difficult to read and rarely available in languages beyond English. However, as institutions of higher education continue to diversify, students continue to bring rich linguistic backgrounds to the 21st‐century college campus.
Chaos‐based privacy preserving vehicle safety protocol for 5G Connected Autonomous Vehicle networks
Authors: Ansari Shuja , Ahmad Jawad , Aziz Shah Syed , Kashif Bashir Ali , Boutaleb Tuleen , Sinanovic Sinan
Published: April 2020

There is a high demand for secure and reliable communications for Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) in the automotive industry. Privacy and security are key issues in CAVs, where network attacks can result in fatal accidents. The computational time, cost, and robustness of encryption algorithms are important factors in low latency 5G‐enabled secure CAV networks. The presented chaotic Tangent‐Delay Ellipse Reflecting Cavity‐Map system and PieceWise Linear Chaotic Map‐based encryption on short messages exchanged in a CAV network provide both robustness and high speed encryption. In this work, we propose a 5G radio network architecture, which leverages multiple radio access technologies and utilizes Cloud Radio Access Network functionalities for privacy preserved and secure CAV networks. The proposed Vehicular Safety Message identifier algorithm meets transmission requirements with a high probability of 85% for low round trip delay of ≤50 milliseconds. The proposed chaos‐based encryption algorithm exhibits faster speeds with a computational time of 2 to 3 milliseconds, showcasing its lightweight properties ideal for time critical applications.
Modified ghost fluid method for three‐dimensional compressible multimaterial flows with interfaces exhibiting large curvature and topological change
Authors: Xu Liang , Liu Tiegang
Published: April 2020

In order to capture the material interface dynamics, especially under the impact of strong shocks, the key feature of the modified ghost fluid method (MGFM) is to construct a multimaterial Riemann problem normal to the interface and use its solution to define interface conditions. However, such process sometimes may not be easily or accurately implemented when the multidimensional interfaces come into contact or undergo significant deformations. In this article, a three‐dimensional interface treating procedure is developed for a wide range of compressible multimaterial flows. It utilizes the MGFM with an explicit approximate Riemann problem solver to define interface conditions. More importantly, a weighted average technique is designed to optimize the treatment for interfaces exhibiting large curvature and topological change. This remedies two defects of the traditional approach in these extreme cases. One is that the normal directions of interfacial ghost nodes may not be easily calculated. The other is that the interface conditions may not be accurately defined. The numerical methodology is validated through several typical problems, including gas‐liquid Riemann problem and shock‐bubble/droplet interaction. These results indicate that the developed method is capable of dealing with interfacial evolutions in three dimensions, especially when interfaces undergo merger, fragmentation, and other complex changes.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of dental health training administered at a health services school
Authors: Kılınç Gülser , Açıkgöz Ayla , Koca Bennur , Toyran Neslihan , Güldaş Nevcivan
Published: April 2020

Issue addressed

The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and behaviour of health technician students to determine their oral health (OH) status, and to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured education administered for increasing OH awareness.

Methods

Interventional research was performed between December 2018 and March 2019 on 445 Vocational School of Health Services students in … University. Questionnaires were conducted under observation. The first questionnaire (Q1) included socio‐demographic characteristics, OH knowledge level, attitudes and behaviours. One month after the OH training was given to the students, the same questions in Q1 were asked again in the second questionnaire (Q2). Dental caries and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI‐S) status were determined by a dentist via a clinical oral examination.

Results

Of the 445 students, 416 (93.5%) participated in the study and completed the Q1 and Q2 questionnaires. A total of 277 (66.6%) students were female and 139 (33.4%) were male, with the age range being 17‐33 years (average: 19.2 ± 1.86 years). Of the 416 students who answered the Q1 and Q2 questionnaires, 385 received oral examinations. While the Q1 knowledge score was 7.06 ± 2.08, the Q2 was found to be 12.36 ± 2.90 (P < .001). It was seen that 119 (30.9%) students who had poor OHI‐S and 120 (31.2%), had a mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) value of 6 and above. It was found that the females had better OH values ​​than males (P < .001) and smokers had worse OH values overall (P < .016).

Conclusion

It was observed that the health technician students had a low level of knowledge about OH before the training but after receiving the training, their knowledge, attitude and behaviour changed positively.

So what?

It was concluded that the OH education given to students caused a positive change in their behaviour, attitude and knowledge.
Front Cover: Stereotaxic endoscopy for the ocular imaging of awake, freely moving animal models (J. Biophotonics 5/2020)
Authors: Paulson Bjorn , Lee Sangwook , Jue Miyeon , Lee Kyungsung , Lee Sanghwa , Kim Guk Bae , Moon Youngjin , Lee Joo Yong , Kim Namkug , Kim Jun Ki
Published: April 2020

A 3D printed stereotaxic head mount that enables high resolution imaging of the anterior chamber of the eye in alert and freely mobile mice is designed in this study. The system is placed non‐invasively using temporal mount bars and a snout mount, without breaking the skin or risking suffocation, while an endoscopic channel stabilizes the ocular probes.

Further details can be found in the article by Bjorn Paulson, Sangwook Lee, Miyeon Jue, Kyungsung Lee, Sanghwa Lee, Guk Bae Kim, Youngjin Moon, Joo Yong Lee, Namkug Kim, and Jun Ki Kim (e201960188).

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Inside Cover: In‐vivo hemodynamic imaging of acute prenatal ethanol exposure in fetal brain by photoacoustic tomography (J. Biophotonics 5/2020)
Authors: Shan Tianqi , Zhao Yuan , Jiang Shixie , Jiang Huabei
Published: April 2020

The figure shows the detailed morphology of vasculature and dynamic changes of the blood vessel diameter and density and the oxygen saturation in the blood vessels in fetal brain after acute prenatal ethanol exposure in the second‐trimester equivalent murine model obtained using a real‐time photoacoustic tomography (PAT) system.

Further details can be found in the article by Tianqi Shan, Yuan Zhao, Shixie Jiang, Huabei Jiang (e201960161).

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EPH receptor B2 stimulates human monocyte adhesion and migration independently of its EphrinB ligands
Authors: Vreeken Dianne , Bruikman Caroline Suzanne , Cox Stefan Martinus Leonardus , Zhang Huayu , Lalai Reshma , Koudijs Angela , van Zonneveld Anton Jan , Hovingh Gerard Kornelis , van Gils Janine Maria
Published: April 2020

The molecular basis of atherosclerosis is not fully understood and mice studies have shown that Ephrins and EPH receptors play a role in the atherosclerotic process. We set out to assess the role for monocytic EPHB2 and its Ephrin ligands in human atherosclerosis and show a role for EPHB2 in monocyte functions independently of its EphrinB ligands. Immunohistochemical staining of human aortic sections at different stages of atherosclerosis showed that EPHB2 and its ligand EphrinB are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and that expression proportionally increases with plaque severity. Functionally, stimulation with EPHB2 did not affect endothelial barrier function, nor did stimulation with EphrinB1 or EphrinB2 affect monocyte-endothelial interactions. In contrast, reduced expression of EPHB2 in monocytes resulted in decreased monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and a decrease in monocyte transmigration, mediated by an altered morphology and a decreased ability to phosphorylate FAK. Our results suggest that EPHB2 expression in monocytes results in monocyte accumulation by virtue of an increase of transendothelial migration, which can subsequently contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression.
The regulated profile of noncoding RNAs associated with inflammation by tanshinone IIA on atherosclerosis
Authors: Chen Wenna , Guo Shengnan , Li Ximing , Song Nan , Wang Dan , Yu Rui
Published: April 2020

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the principal cause of heart attack, sudden cardiac death, stroke, and necrosis of the extremities, in which significant changes in gene expression associated with inflammation are found. However, the molecular mechanisms of AS are not clearly elucidated. In this study, ApoE−/− mice were fed with a high fat diet for 12 weeks to induce atherosclerosis and half of the mice were treated with tanshinone IIA (TAN). Then sequencing analysis was performed to investigate the expression patterns of ncRNAs in AS plaques obtained from mice treated with TAN and AS Model mice. A total of 22 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), 74 microRNAs (miRNAs), 13 circular RNAs (circRNAs), and 1359 mRNAs in AS plaque were more significantly regulated from TAN mice, compared with model mice. Bioinformatics tools and databases were employed to investigate the potential ncRNA functions and their interaction. Our data showed that the most significantly pathways regulated by TAN were associated with inflammation, and involved in the signaling pathways of Ras, Rap1, MAPK, cAMP, T cell receptor, and so on. In addition, the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network had been constructed and the core nodes included circ-Tns3/let-7d-5p/Ctsl, circ-Wdr91/miR-378a-5p/Msr1, and circ-Cd84/ miR-30c/ Tlr2. The DERNAs were validated by quantitative RT-PCR and dual luminescence reporter assay in RAW264.7 cells in vitro. This study identified ceRNAs network regulated by TAN and elucidated the ncRNAs profile and signal pathways to attenuate AS comprehensively. This research would contribute to further research on the pathogenesis of AS, and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics targeting ncRNAs.
Editorial for “Tissue‐Specific T2* Biomarkers in Patellar Tendinopathy by Subregional Quantification Using 3D Ultrashort Echo Time”
Authors: Huber Florian A. , Guggenberger Roman
Published: April 2020

Level of Evidence

5

Technical Efficacy Stage

2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:431–432.
Effects of calcium chloride plus coating in modified‐atmosphere packaging storage on whole‐radish postharvest quality
Authors: Öz Ayşe Tülin , Akyol Bengül
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Calcium treatment plays an important role in regulative physiological functions in fruits and vegetables after harvest that is protected many horticulture products postharvest quality during storage life. The effects of 2% calcium chloride (CaCl2) and 1% starch + 2% glycerin on the physiological, biochemical, and quality responses of the Kadirli radish variety were investigated.

RESULTS

Whole leafless radishes were stored in 10 kg modified‐atmosphere packages at 90% relative humidity conditions at 4 °C for 56 days. Significant differences were observed in radish treated with 2% CaCl2 and coating with 1% starch + 2% glycerin compared with the control. There were significant effects of the application of CaCl2 either alone or in combination with a coating on radish with regard to the firmness and the important physiological disorder of hollowing ratio percentage and cell membrane (malondialdehyde) aging level of the fresh whole radish.

CONCLUSION

The application of CaCl2 alone and in combination with coating protected the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality characteristics of radish and prolonged the shelf‐life quality of fresh radish. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Origin traceability of peanut kernels based on multi‐element fingerprinting combined with multivariate data analysis
Authors: Zhao Haiyan , Wang Feng , Yang Qingli
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Multi‐elements have been widely used to identify the geographical origins of various agricultural products. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of identifying the geographical origins of peanut kernels at different regional scales by using the multi‐element fingerprinting technique. The concentrations of 20 elements [boron (B), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), etc.] were determined in 135 peanut samples from Jilin Province, Jiangsu Province, and Shandong Province of China. Data obtained were processed by one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal components analysis (PCA), k nearest neighbors (k‐NN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and support vector machine (SVM).

RESULTS

Peanut kernels from different regions had their own element fingerprints. The k‐NN, LDA, and SVM were all suitable to predict peanut kernels according to their grown provinces with the total correct classification rates of 91.2%, 91.1%, and 91.1%, respectively. While SVM was the best to identify different grown cities of peanut kernels with the prediction accuracy of 91.3%, compared to 72.2% and 78.3% for k‐NN and LDA, respectively.

CONCLUSION

It was an effective method to identify producing areas of peanut kernels at different regional scales using multi‐element fingerprinting combined with SVM to enhance regional capabilities for quality assurance and control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Field‐amplified sample injection combined with CE for the enantiodetermination of cathinones in urine samples
Authors: Pérez‐Alcaraz Albert , Borrull Francesc , Calull Marta , Aguilar Carme
Published: April 2020

This work presents a capillary electrophoresis methodology for the enantiodetermination of cathinones in urine employing a liquid–liquid extraction sample pretreatment. The cathinones were enantioseparated by adding a mixture of 8 mM 2‐hydroxypropyl β‐cyclodextrin and 5 mM β‐cyclodextrin to the background electrolyte, which consists of 70 mM of monosodium phosphate aqueous solution at pH 2.5. Field‐amplified sample injection was used as preconcentration strategy to improve the sensitivity. We studied various parameters that affect this stacking strategy, in particular, the sample solvent and its pH, the presence or absence of a low conductivity solvent plug introduced before the sample injection, the nature and volume of this plug, and the voltage and time of the electrokinetic injection of the sample. The optimum conditions were achieved by injecting a plug of isopropanol:H2O 50/50 at 50 mbar for 5 s prior to the electrokinetic injection of the sample prepared in an aqueous solution of HCl 10−6 M. The sensitivity enhancement factors were from 562 to 601 in terms of peak area and from 444 to 472 in terms of peak height. The method was validated by analyzing spiked urine samples, obtaining a linear range of 25 to 1000 ng/mL and limits of detection ranging from 15 to 45 ng/mL.