bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No fingers, no SNARC? Neither the finger counting starting hand, nor its stability robustly affect the SNARC effect
Authors: Hohol Mateusz , Woloszyn Kinga , Cipora Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect (i.e., faster left/right side responses to small/large magnitude numbers, respectively) is considered to be strong evidence for the link between numbers and space. Studies have shown considerable variation in this effect. Among the factors determining individual differences in the SNARC effect is the hand an individual uses to start the finger counting sequence. Left-starters show a stronger and less variable SNARC effect than right-starters. This observation has been used as an argument for the embodied nature of the SNARC effect. For this to be the case, one must assume that the finger counting sequence (especially the starting hand) is stable over time. Subsequent studies challenged the view that the SNARC differs depending on the finger counting starting hand. At the same time, it has been pointed out that the temporal stability of the finger counting starting hand should not be taken for granted. Thus, in this preregistered study, we aimed to replicate the difference in the SNARC between left- and right-starters and explore the relationship between the self-reported temporal stability of the finger counting starting hand and the SNARC effect. In line with the embodied cognition, left-starters who declare more temporarily stable finger counting habits should reveal a stronger SNARC effect. Results of the preregistered analysis did not show the difference between left- and right-starters. However, further exploratory analysis provided weak evidence that this might be the case. Lastly, we found no evidence for the relationship between finger counting starting hand stability and the SNARC effect. Overall, these results challenge the view on the embodied nature of the SNARC effect.
The International Monetary Fund’s intervention in education systems and its impact on children’s chances of completing school
Authors: Daoud Adel
Published: December 2021

Enabling children to acquire an education is one of the most effective means to reduce inequality, poverty, and ill-health globally. While in normal times a government controls its educational policies, during times of macroeconomic instability, that control may shift to supporting international organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF). While much research has focused on which sectors has been affected by IMF policies, scholars have devoted little attention to the policy content of IMF interventions affecting the education sector and children’s education outcomes: denoted IMF-education policies. This article evaluates the extent which IMF-education policies exist in all programs and how these policies and IMF programs affect children’s likelihood of completing schools. While IMF-education policies have a small adverse effect yet statistically insignificant on children’s probability of completing school, these policies moderate effect heterogeneity for IMF programs. The effect of IMF programs (joint set of policies) adversely effect children’s chances of completing school by six percentage points. By analyzing how IMF-education policies but also how IMF programs affect the education sector in low- and middle-income countries, scholars will gain a deeper understanding of how such policies will likely affect downstream outcomes.
Modelling the learning impacts of educational disruptions in the short and long run
Authors: Monroy-Gómez-Franco Luis Angel
Published: December 2021

In this paper, I propose a new framework for analysing the short and long-run effects of temporary educational disruptions on the learning progression of children. The framework integrates into a coherent model recent advances in the literature on learning acquisition (Kaffenberger, 2021; Kaffenberger and Pritchett, 2020b, 2021) and the literature on estimating the immediate costs of instructional disruptions (Neidhöfer et al., 2021). The integrated framework includes explicit modelling of continuous parental investments, filling a gap in the literature related to the Potential Pedagogical Function and other explicit models of learning progression and acquisition. In the same way, the model considers the role of economic resources as part of the resources employed by parents to mitigate the effects of a temporary shock in instruction., expanding the notion of attenuation capacity developed by Neidhöfer et al. (2021). Finally, I take this framework to the data to estimate the potential effects of the instructional disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. The estimates suggest that, for the Mexican cohort affected by the instructional disruption,the potential persistent loss in learning with respect to the counterfactual lies on average between 20% and 90% of the learning acquired during a usual school year, depending on the effectiveness of the remote learning policies implemented during 2020 and 2021.These results already consider the mitigating role of parental investments. Furthermore,my results suggest substantial variation between inhabitants from different regions of the country and inside inhabitants of the same region, being the South of the country the region where the losses are the largest.
Status of probiotic regulations in Southeast Asia countries
Authors:   Southeast Asia Probiotics Scientific & Regulatory Experts Network, Tee E Siong ,   Nutrition Society of Malaysia, Hardinsyah  ,   Southeast Asia Probiotics Scientific & Regulatory Experts Network,   IPB University Indonesia;, Au Cyndy Sook Sum ,   Southeast Asia Probiotics Scientific & Regulatory Experts Network,   Singapore Management University
Published: December 2021

This review summarises the key components of the available probiotic regulations in six Southeast Asia countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam). Diverse approaches have been undertaken by the countries in regulating the marketing and sale of probiotics in foods and health supplements. Only Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand have enacted specific regulations which include their respective legal definition of probiotics. Only Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand publish a list of microorganisms permitted to be used as probiotics in foods or health supplements; the approved microorganisms are not harmonised among these countries. All six countries allow the application for new microorganisms to be used, but have adopted differing requirements and approaches. A common requirement is that all applications must be accompanied by scientific data to demonstrate clinically that the microorganisms are safe and provide health benefits. All the countries, except Indonesia and Vietnam permit the use of a small number of pre-approved generic function claims. It is noted that the countries have different specific labelling requirement for products containing probiotics. The divergent probiotic regulations in the region, either for foods or health supplements, creates inconsistencies and difficulties for all stakeholders including regulators, academia, industries and consumers, as well as impacting trade among countries. This review highlights the importance of having regulatory control to ensure consumers have access to safe, genuine and efficacious probiotic products. We propose working towards a harmonised probiotics regulation in the region to enable further development and progress of probiotics in the region.
Humus substances in the swamp ecosystems of taiga zone of Western Siberia
Authors: Efremova T. T. , Efremov S. P.
Published: December 2021

Eutrophic peatlands with a predominantly humate type of humus is dominated according to content of hydrophobic humus substances accumulated in the solid phase of peat. Oligotrophic peatlands with fulvate type of humus are characterized by minimal storages. Mesotrophic peatlands occupy a transitional position, both in terms of storage and in terms of the humus type – humate-fulvate. Hydrophilic components of the water phase are characterized by fulvate humus, regardless of the type of peatland, but differ in the proportion of the contribution of humus substances in the amphiphilic system of swamp ecosystems. It is the highest in the thickness of the oligotrophic peatland almost 31%, slightly lower in the mesotrophic – 25% and much less in the eutrophic – 6%. Structural features of macromolecules of humic acids of swamp waters of various genesis are determined. The humic acids of mesotrophic waters are adjacent to the group of reduced compounds, they are more enriched with aromatic structures and carboxyl groups in relation to oligotrophic waters. The humic acids of oligotrophic waters belong to a group of oxygenated compounds, have low enrichment of nitrogen, contain more methoxyl carbon and carbohydrates (polysaccharides). These structural features are caused by geochemistry of waters feeding the peatlands and specific mechanisms of humic acids synthesis on the swamps of different genesis. The volume of dissolved organic carbon stock from wetland ecosystems through system of taiga rivers of left bank of Middle Ob is 805 kt per year.
Regeneration status and species diversity of major tree species under scientific forest management in Kapilbastu district, Nepal
Authors: Aryal B. , Regmi S. , Timilsina S.
Published: December 2021

In Nepal, scientific forest managementhas been practiced as an effective forest management technique to utilize forest resources sustainably. However, the program has faced many controversies such as intentional logging of only high-valued timber species like Shorearobusta. In addition, few believe this program is severely affecting the regeneration productivity and species diversity in the natural forests. In order to address these issues, we examinedthe regeneration condition and plant species diversity in the stands where scientific forest management operations were carried out. The data related to regeneration status and species diversity were collected using a systematic random sampling of the selected stands. Our results showed good regeneration conditions (Seedling >5000, Sapling>2000) in all the studied stands. The tree species community was dominated by S.robusta(Sal) followed by Schleicheraoleosa (Kusum) and Casia fistula (Rajbriksha). The value of diversity indices of different species varied significantly between felling series. The highest diversity was found in the second year felling series with the Simpsons Index of dominance value 0.6934 and the lowest species diversity was in the first year felling series with a value of 0.8448. It can be recommended that the regeneration felling practice has helped in promoting the regeneration condition and growth.
Menstrual Exclusions in Nepal: Some Evidence of Transition
Authors: Subedi Madhusudan , Parker Sara
Published: December 2021

There is a long history of menstrual restrictions, stigmas and taboos across nearly all religions, regions and cultures. The origins of myths and misconceptions have often been linked to various religious texts and women were prohibited from participating in normal life while menstruating. Culturally, in many parts of the world, menstruation is still considered ‘dirty’ and ‘impure’, although this is not true. Menstruation is often associated with feelings of shame, horror, danger, disgust, and sin. There have been initiatives to change the perception that menstruating women are not polluted, thus bringing an end to traditional customs such as not being allowed to sleep in their own home or touch male relatives to more extreme forms of isolation such as being confined to the ‘cow shed’. This paper draws on research conducted between 2019 and 2021 under a British Academy-funded Global Challenge Research Fund project entitled ‘Dignity Without Danger’. The study employed qualitative methods, covering 160 qualitative interviews and 16 focus group discussions among different caste and ethnic groups in three different ecological areas (mountain, hill, and tarai) in seven provinces in Nepal. Today, menstruating women have relatively more freedom to discuss this topic due to increased awareness that menstruation is a natural process. However, our study shows there are still differences between cultures, religions, castes and ethnic groups, and regions, and a single narrative does not represent the issues related to menstrual exclusion in Nepal. The study shows that many menstruating girls and women are still restricted in a number of diverse ways, from not offering prayers, entering or worshiping in temples, touching holy books, and participating in religious rituals. In some areas, more extreme practices persist which discriminate against women when menstruating. Our research highlights that education and an interdisciplinary, multisector approach are required if menstrual discrimination is to be addressed. Finally, this paper emphasizes the necessity for providing correct knowledge about menstruation to the entire community including elders, males and religious leaders as well as adolescents and young girls. Such knowledge will help them practice safe and hygienic menstrual practices, challenge and reduce their traditional beliefs, misconceptions and restrictions regarding menstruation that are essential to achieving menstrual dignity.
Middle Castes Against Hill High Caste Political Domination in Nepal: Can Indian Experience Be A Lesson?
Authors: Basnet Chudamani
Published: December 2021

This study examines the problems and prospects of middle caste politics in Nepal based on similar political developments in north India. It investigates the processes of middle caste and class formation in the two countries and goes on to examine demography and upper-caste political strategies. Taking the Federal Socialist Forum Nepal (FSFN) and its trajectory as an example of middle caste political formation, it shows that the middle castes are at a disadvantage in Nepal than their brethren have been in north India. FSFN’s new merger with two political parties recently further shows the difficulty of mobilizing a middle caste political force and mounting a sustained challenge against the political domination of the hill upper castes. This paper also analyzes emerging caste relations in contemporary Nepal.
Gandharva and Their Livelihood in Baglung District, Nepal
Authors: Panta Saroj Raj
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on the changing livelihood of the Gandharva, a minority people of Baglung District, Nepal. This research adopts qualitative data based on observations, case studies, in-depth-interview, and a literature review. The data have been thematically analyzed and interpreted. Gandharva usually follow their traditional methods of singing and storytelling (Gainegeet), playing sarangi. Sarangi is a traditional musical instrument. Today many of them have adopted agriculture, carpentry, mason, driving, and labor jobs for their livelihood. They are forced to change their livelihood due to limited income insufficient to fulfill their basic needs. Switching to other occupations is not easy. They face lots of difficulty. Due to globalization and modernization, modern songs, radio, television, you tube, social media are getting popular than songs of Gandharva. People today rarely listen to Gandharva's songs and Sarangi, which is on the verge of extinction. This paper explores their lives closely to understand their difficulties and struggle for survival.
Interface between Education and Tourism around Panchmul Area of Aandhikhola Rural Municipality of Syangja District
Authors: Pasa Rajan Binayek
Published: December 2021

This study explores the interface between education and tourism constructs through a qualitative approach and multiple case study research methods. The key objectives of the research were to look at the interface between informal education and tourism, to appraise the interface between non-formal education and tourism as well as to explore the interface between formal education and tourism development activities in the study area. In-depth interviews of 6 males and 3 females from the education program and another 6 males and 3 females from the tourism development program were undertaken by applying the purposive sampling principle. Likewise, 3 FGDs and participant observation techniques were also applied for developing multiple forms of genres, which were generated through re/productive socio-cultural and economic structures of Panchmul. The findings reveal that education plays a functional transformative role in tourism development that is supported by the theory of practice, capability approach, and sustainability approach. Based on the findings, this study has also developed a strategic interface model and strategic framework for tourism development that can be applied in the Panchmularea and other similar places. Hence, knowledge generated from this study is equally fruitful to readers, local development stakeholders, and policymakers and planners in central, provincial, and local levels of governments in Nepal.
Patient with false negative RT-PCR for COVID-19 referred to cancer hospital for lung cancer screening: A case report
Authors: Yadav Ajay Kumar , Gnawali Suman , Mandal Sandip , Shrestha Gyan Bahadur , Yuan Gangbiao
Published: December 2021

Background: Even though RT-PCR tests are generally considered the gold standard for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2, they are not without flaws, and the likelihood of detecting an infection varies depending on when the test is performed. There is chance of false negative due to different pitfalls. So there is essential of correlation of radiological characteristics, abnormalities in biochemical tests and symptoms of suspected patient during COVID-19 epidemic.

Case presentation: Herein, we report a 42-year-old male patient with high-grade fever, dry cough, headache and dizziness. He went for the RT-PCR test two times and reported negative. On the chest X-Ray, there was opacity on both lungs and referred to cancer-hospital for lung-cancer screening. The patient underwent chest-HRCT and laboratory tests for further evaluation and was identified as typical COVID-19 findings. Then the patient was isolated and treatment of given according to COVID-19 treatment guidelines  

Conclusion: It is concluded that a clinically symptomatic patient with typical chest HRCT and abnormal lab findings for COVID-19 should be considered as a COVID-19 patient and isolated even with two negative RT-PCR tests.
Effects of Etlingera elatior inflorescence extract on beneficial bacteria of the healthy human gut
Authors: Kavithra
Published: December 2021

Background: Etlingera species is an enduring plant in the Zingiberaceae family, with more than 100 species local to many countries. It has been utilized commonly as a culinary spice or eaten crude for its therapeutic impacts. This research is intended to study the effects of E. elatior inflorescence, which is commonly known as bunga kantan in Peninsular Malaysia, upon the microbiota of healthy human gut.

Material and methods: The closed bud E. elatior inflorescence was cleaned and dried in the hot air oven and grounded into fine powder. The extract from the E. elatior inflorescence was obtained using hot water extraction method. The effects of the inflorescence extract on L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus were studied through micro-broth dilution process where different concentration of sample was incorporated into a broth medium followed by the application of a standardized volume of Lactobacillus sp. into the medium of the 96 well plate.

Results: Growth was seen in both L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus, indicating that E. elatior inflorescence acted like a prebiotic towards L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus

Conclusion: E. elatior inflorescence concentrate acts like a prebiotic towards L. acidophilus incomparable to L. rhamnosus
Current Scenario of Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Limbu Senchhema
Published: December 2021

No abstract available.
Maxillofacial Injury due to Pressure Cooker Explosion in a 13-year-old child: Surpassing The Obvious
Authors: Poudel Kabiraj , Koirala Bandana , Dali Mamta , Shrestha Sneha
Published: December 2021

Pediatric maxillofacial trauma is quiet commonly encountered in the pediatric emergency department. Management of pediatric maxillofacial trauma depends upon the cause and extent of the injury. Maxillofacial trauma due to the explosion of pressure cooker is rare in children. Here, we report a case of pediatric maxillofacial injury due to the explosion of pressure cooker in a domestic setting.
Dental Caries Prevalence among 3 - 14 Year Old School Children of Chitwan
Authors: Adhikari Santosh , Tamrakar Lucky , Humagain Manoj , Bhattarai Rosina
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Dental caries, an infectious microbiologic disease of dental hard tissues is a global public health problem. It affects people of all ages with the highest priority risk group being school-going children.

Objective: This study was done to assess the prevalence of dental caries in the 3-14 years old school children of Chitwan and to compare it across genders, age groups and school groups.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to May 2018 where WHO criteria was used to examine and calculate DMFT and dft (decayed filled teeth) indices among 360 school children. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 20. Statistical significance was determined using independent t-test and ANOVA test.

Results: The prevalence of the dental caries was found to be 85.83% with mean DMFT of 3.01 ± 2.24 among school children of Chitwan. Caries prevalence was higher in females compared to males, and in government schools compared to private school. Caries experience was highest in middle childhood group 7-12 years (89.20%, mean “DMFT+dft” 3.56 ± 2.33) followed by late childhood group of 13-14 years (84.72%, mean DMFT 2.68 ± 1.95) and early childhood group of 3-6 years (77.33%, mean dft 1.76 ± 1.60) and the differences were statistically significant. The difference in caries experience between private and government school groups as well as in male and female children was not statistically significant. 82.7% of the children had untreated caries while only 5.83% had filled teeth in their mouth.

Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries was higher in middle childhood group and higher percentage of untreated decays, calls for the need of immediate preventive as well as curative interventions.
Virtual Dental Care - Pediatric Teledentistry
Authors: Vaidya Subhani , Limbu Senchhema , Malla Manish
Published: December 2021

Teledentistry falls under virtual dental care where use of virtual communication is in between dentist and the patient to provide dental care and education to patients. Patients receive virtual examinations and are provided consultation, diagnosis, treatment planning, guidance, transmission of dental information and education via tele-communications. During this COVID-19 pandemic it has offered a solution to resume dental practice as a tool ensuring safety for all. Pediatric teledentistry helps by saving time, allowing child- dentist interaction before the visit and reducing stress for patients, guardians and dentists. Telescreening and teletriage can be implemented publically into routine dental practice and also as a triage-based emergency management strategy as it provides an effective compromise between limiting patient admission, ensuring their pain control and symptom relief.
Rural Revitalisation Process of Nation-Building in Nepal
Authors: Pradhan Prajwal Man , Jha Subhash
Published: December 2021

Government of Nepal has been trying to revitalize rural areas after 1950s as a strategy of nation-building. The demands of ethnic groups are basically inclined with quest for ethnic identity, equality, and greater representation in the political structure. Among the ethnic groups, the largest groups are Janajati, Madhesi and Dalits. In this stance, this library based study tried to look at problems and prospects of balance development as an outcomes of revitalization process of nation-building. At the same time the study also tried to identify essential driver of rural revitalization in Nepali context. The study found that equal distribution of development is difficult in terms of its social, regional and cultural diversity. Poverty, unemployment, landlessness, rapid population is major push factor in Nepal to overcome from this problem. Besides these problems there are some prospects through which rural setting can be revitalized economically, socially, politically such as agriculture. One essential driver of rural revitalization is rurbanomics, an approach that emphasizes the linkages between rural and urban economies. Growing urbanization in most countries enhances the importance of rural areas—by boosting demand for food, diverse diets, and goods and services that the rural economy can meet. Rurbanomics, therefore, frames rural and urban economies as equal partners.Ending hunger and malnutrition to achieve both the Sustainable Development Goals and climate goals requires us to initiate a range of evidence-based actions to advance rural revitalization in all regions of the world. Rural revitalization represents the most realistic way to achieve such a dramatic transformation to ensure that rural people and rural areas can thrive for generations to come.
Interface between Tourism and Rural Development in Panchmul, Nepal
Authors: Pasa Rajan Binayek
Published: December 2021

This study explores interfaces between tourism and rural development outcomes (constructs) in Panchmul located in Aandhikhola rural municipality of Syangja District. A comprehensive researcher strategy has been applied in this study. The necessary information was collected from 21 participants selected purposively from tourism and rural development programs. This study found functional interfaces or two ways contributions between tourism and rural development outcomes. Similarly, tourism related activities are building social capital, developing rural infrastructures, maintaining community well-being, and conserving biodiversity which are learning platforms to the neighboring villagers and others people. Panchmul can be a model village for rural development if skillful local youths are mobilized in the activities of tourism development, promotional, and management. That’s why there must be transformative interfaces between constructs thus better to apply the strategic interface model developed from this study by the local development stakeholders.
Media Framing of COVID-19: A Content Analysis of Nepali Newspapers
Authors: Dahal Sudhamshu , Khatri Bishnu Bahadur
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the globe, posing a major and alarming public health concern. This has been due, in part, to the increasing number of infected population day by day. Also, media coverage appeared to be one of the influencing factors to the opinion formation of COVID-19 issues. Since the whole world is still reeling under the effect of COVID-19 pandemic. At this juncture, the content and tone of the newspaper is still unknown. Therefore, the paper tries to assess critically about the media effect in reporting of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study has a significant practical relevance during this period. Furthermore, the study contributes to scientific knowledge about the use of frames and tones in media coverage with regard to pandemic. For this purpose and use of a content analysis, two popular Nepalese English language newspapers; The Kathmandu Post (privately owned media) and The Rising Nepal (state-owned media) has been selected purposively. The content and tone of the media coverage with regard to the pandemic from May 2020 until the end of July 2020 was investigated. The results showed that the media coverage was most frequently done in terms of economic crisis rather than covering the pandemic as a health crisis.  Furthermore, the tone of the media coverage of the pandemic is more negative in the privately owned media than the state-owned media. However, both the newspapers have covered the majority of articles through the economic framing rather than health.
Acetaminophen poisonings in Chilean healthcare settings: a 20-year story that does not end
Authors: Sanhueza-Aroca Tamara , Verdugo-Silva Samuel , Olate-Fica Erwin , Rivas Luisa , Muller-Ramirez Claudio
Published: December 2021

Background: Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is one of the most used and prescribed anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs worldwide. It has become one of the main drugs related to accidental and intentional overdoses in many countries, including Chile. The objective of this work was to characterize acetaminophen poisonings occurred in Chile between the years 2001 and 2020.
Methods: A retrospective study of acetaminophen poisonings among patients who were hospitalized in Chilean public and private hospitals was carried out between the years 2001 and 2020. Data was obtained from the Medical Outcome Statistical Report database. Inclusion criteria were cases of patients who were admitted into either public or private healthcare settings with diagnosis of acetaminophen poisoning according to the WHO ICD-10. Statistical analyses were run to establish associations between variables selected in the study.
Results: A total of 2,929 cases were included in the study. 77 % of the cases corresponded to female patients (p<0.05). Patients’ age range went from 0 to 81 years old. Adolescents and young adults resulted more involved in reported cases during the 2001-2020 period (p<0.001). During the first period of the study, accidental poisonings were more commonly reported, however in the recent years intentional cases increased their occurrence, especially among female patients (p<0.05).  A multivariate logistic regression model considered as statistically significant (p<0.05) the interaction between the variables age, gender and year of the event.
Conclusion: The present study identified a large number of acetaminophen poisonings reported in Chile during the 2001-2020 period. Cases were characterized including patients’ gender, age, and poisoning intent. Health authorities should consider these findings as an opportunity to improve public health associated with the use and misuse of over-the-counter drugs, including acetaminophen
Jak troszczyć się o życie? Antyszczepionkowe narracje spiskowe w czasie pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Kozik Ewa
Published: December 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zrelacjonowanie postaw społecznych przyjmowanych przez przedstawicieli ruchu antyszczepionkowego w odpowiedzi na zagrożenie spowodowane pandemią wirusa SARS-CoV-2. Dzięki krytycznej analizie dyskursu, zastosowanej do tekstów reprodukujących się w przestrzeni wirtualnej, wskazane zostały charakterystyczne cechy narracji antyszczepionkowców, które ukształtowały się w odpowiedzi na informacje o konieczności opracowania i dostarczenia szczepionki przeciwko koronawirusowi. Analizie zostały poddane przede wszystkim teksty zamieszczone w alternatywnym portalu informacyjnym „Wolne media”, gdzie autorka dotarła do najpopularniejszych teorii o charakterze spiskowym, bezpośrednio odwołujących się do światopoglądu przeciwników szczepionek.
Antropologiczne implikacje kategorii noc i ciemność w opowiadaniach fantastycznych
Authors: Ziółkowska Magdalena
Published: December 2021

W artykule zaprezentowano antropologiczne implikacje kategorii nocy i ciemności, które są obecne w opowiadaniach fantastycznych. Do literatury fantastycznej zalicza się między innymi gatunki takie jak horror, fantasy oraz science fiction. W każdym z nich występują kategorie nocy i ciemności i są ściśle związane z ich antropologicznym interpretowaniem w kulturze i społeczeństwie. Proces symbolizacji tych kategorii jest obecny w kulturze popularnej. Kulturowe konotacje w literaturze fantastycznej zasadzają się z jednej strony na naturalnym dla ludzi strachu przed nocą i ciemnością, z drugiej zaś na narracji zgodnej z kompetencjami kulturowymi i społecznymi odbiorców.
Politika štednje i izborni ciklus
Authors: Mačkić Velibor , Rusmir Filip
Published: December 2021

Provođenje ekonomske politike često je ograničeno društvenim okolnostima, stoga se ona teško može provoditi onako kako je teorijski bila zamišljena. Istodobno, u životu političara izbori – najvažnije ograničenje – rezultiraju pokušajima podređivanja ekonomske politike cilju reizbora umjesto ostvarenja postavljenih ekonomskih ciljeva u izbornim godinama. Ovaj rad istražuje navedenu dihotomiju na primjeru provođenja politike štednje unutar izbornog ciklusa 11 novih zemalja članica Europske unije od 2004. do 2019. Rezultati dinamičke panel-analize potvrđuju oportunističko ponašanje političara na vlasti u
izbornim godinama, ali samo u razdobljima kada zemlje nisu obuhvaćene procedurom prekomjernog deficita. Jednom kad im je nametnuto egzogeno ograničenje, političkoproračunski ciklus nestaje.
GERMINAÇÃO E PROPAGAÇÃO IN VITRO DE MOGNO BRASILEIRO (Swietenia macrophylla King)
Authors: Pereira Carolina Dias , Bernini Cristiani Santos , Jantsch Márcia Regina , Medeiros Reginaldo Antonio , Moura Luciana Coelho de
Published: December 2021

A intensificação da exploração seletiva de madeiras tem ocasionado grandes perdas na biodiversidade de espécies nativas de alto valor econômico, comprometendo, a sua sobrevivência. O potencial madeireiro do mogno brasileiro é mundialmente reconhecido e, por isso, é também motivo de grande preocupação da comunidade científico. Esta pesquisa objetiva avaliar o efeito de concentrações de reguladores de crescimento na germinação e multiplicação in vitro de mogno brasileiro e analisar aspectos físicos para determinar a eficiência na produção de mudas. Para isso, as sementes foram incubadas em meio de cultura MS no delineamento inteiramente casualisado em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 (duas intensidades de luz e quatro tempos de hipoclorito de sódio), com cinco repetições e quatro sementes por repetição. Aos trinta dias, os explantes isentos de contaminação foram transferidos para tubos de ensaio contendo meio MS e suplementados com diferentes concentrações de BAP e mantidos em sala de crescimento. Para multiplicação os brotos foram transferidos para meio MS e suplementados com diferentes concentrações de BAP e ANA. Obtiveram-se a maior porcentagem de brotações (83%) de explantes da porção intermediária de mogno e a utilização de concentrações superiores de ANA e BAP para formação de calos permitindo êxito na produção clonal.
Palavras-chave: espécie nativa; plantas lenhosas; micropropagação.
 
Germination and propagation in vitro of brazilian mahogany
(Swietenia macrophylla King)
 
ABSTRACT: The intensification of selective logging causes great losses biodiversity of native species of high economic value, compromising their survival. The wood industry potential of brazilian mahogany is recognized worldwide and, therefore, it is also a cause of great preoccupations of the scientific community. This research aims to evaluate the effect of concentrations of growth regulators on germination and in vitro multiplication of brazilian mahogany and analyze physical aspects to determining the efficiency in the production of seedlings. For this, the seeds were incubated in MS culture medium in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 2 x 4 (two light intensities and four sodium hypochlorite times) with five repetitions and four seeds per supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and kept in the repetition. At thirty days, explants free from contamination were transferred to test tubes containing MS medium and supplemented with different BAP concentrations and kept in the growth room. For multiplication the shoots were transferred to MS medium and supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and ANA. The highest number of percentage of shoots (83%) in the use of explants of the intermediate mahogany and the higher concentrations of ANA and BAP for callus formation enabling success in clonal production.
Keywords: native species; woody plants; micropropagation.
Arabic Language Phoneme Pronunciation Difficulties Among Upper Basic Hausa-Speaking Students in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Musa Siddiq , Salisu Musa
Published: December 2021

In the process of learning a foreign language, there are some indispensable learning problems, especially in the pronunciation aspect. Therefore, this study investigated Arabic Language phoneme pronunciation difficulties among Upper Basic Hausa-speaking Arabic Language students in Kano State, Nigeria. The total population for the study was all Upper Basic Hausa-speaking students of Arabic in Kano State, Nigeria. Two hundred (200) Hausa-speaking Arabic students were sampled from the 3 senatorial districts in the state involving 9 Local Government Areas using multistage sampling procedure. A Pronunciation Test adapted from Adebayo (2010) with a reliability coefficient of 0.75 was used for data collection. Only 180 Pronunciation test that were properly filled and returned were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The percentage was used to answer the research questions while Chi-square was employed to test the hypotheses postulated at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings of this study revealed that a number of Arabic consonants constitute pronunciation difficulty for the students due to the presence of their corresponding consonant sounds in Hausa language, while all Arabic vowels did not constitute much pronunciation difficulty for students. The findings also revealed that there was no significant difference in the Arabic consonant and vowel sounds that constitute pronunciation difficulties for male and female Upper Basic Hausa-speaking students of Arabic from both public and private schools in Kano State. In the light of these findings, it was recommended among others that, teachers of Arabic language should pay more attention to the various Arabic consonant and vowel phonemes as well as the Arabic syllable patterns that constitute pronunciation difficulties for the Hausa-speaking students of Arabic. The attention of Hausa-speaking students of Arabic should also be drawn to the semantic implications of phonemic replacement, reduction or prolongation.
المسجد الأقصى ورحلة الإسراء في القرآن الكريم وكتب التفسير
Authors: ABDULKADİR Fethi
Published: December 2021

يتناول هذا البحث موضوع المسجد الأقصى ورحلة الإسراء في ضوء القرآن الكريم وكتب التّفسير المختلفة، وقد وضع الباحث -من النّاحية المنهجيّة- ثلاثة معايير التي على أساسها وقع اختيار كتب التّفسير محلّ الدّراسة، والتي شملت 70 كتابًا من كتب التّفسير الرّائجة والمعروفة، بين بسيطٍ ووسيطٍ ومختصرٍ، حيث شمل البحث أربعة مباحث أساسية؛ وهي: التّسميات التي أطلقت على المسجد الأقصى المبارك وموقع المسجد ومكانته، في حين تحدّث في المحور الثّاني عن البناء والتّأسيس، واشتمل المحور الثّالث على موضوع "البركة" ودلالاتها، وفي الأخير تناول البحث أثر الرّواية التّوراتيّة على بعض تأويلات المفسّرين في كتبهم، وخُتم البحث ببعض الخلاصات المهمّة.
FORMATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT SYSTEMS FOR PROVIDING ABIOTIC FACTORS IN ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF CULTIVATION OF UTERINE ENTOMOCULES
Authors:   Engineering and Technology Institute “Bioengineering” National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Pishchanska N. , Belchenko V. , Targony V.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Energy-efficient systems that will enable the implementation of abiotic conditions - important components of adaptive technologies, such as air temperature, relative humidity, air mobility, lighting levels, etc., must meet the requirements of environmental friendliness and minimize economic and energy costs. This requires the use of modern energy efficient technologies, equipment and devices. The purpose of the research is the development of a system for providing abiotic factors in the implementation of adaptive technologies for crops of guaranteed quality, characterized by resource savings and environmental safety. Methods. Analysis of the introduction of technologies and equipment in the process of cultivation of uterine entomocultures, which will increase the efficiency of technological processes of entomoproduction production. Results. The key abiotic factors in adaptive technologies of cultivation of uterine cultures are determined. Technologies, equipment and devices for their provision are studied and the initial requirements to the energy efficient systems consisting of them are formed. Conclusions. The analysis showed the advantages of using film contact devices and ultrasonic ones for energy treatment in adaptive technologies of cultivation of uterine entomocultures in terms of energy efficiency by almost 20% and efficiency by 15%. To ensure the required type and level of lighting, it is recommended to use incandescent lamps and LED lamps. Nozzles with nozzles and perforated panels are defined as distributive elements for air supply, which will almost double the efficiency of using the potential of the air prepared by the microclimate system.
Anti-Microbial and Anti-Cancer Properties of Tat-IV13, A Hybrid Bi-Partite Peptide Containing The Short Non Active Iv13 Sequence of Human Ll37 Cathelecidin
Authors: Garcia Alphonse , Garcia Alphonse , Périchon Bruno
Published: December 2021

Therapeutic strategies based on optimization of the unique human LL37 cathelecin sequences including FK16, the core active sequence of LL37, have already been proposed. In this study we have characterized TatIV13 a new host defense hybrid peptide, that combined YGRRKKRRQRRR, the hydrophobic N-terminal
fragment of HIV-1 Tat47-57 cell penetrating sequence, with IV13, a short IVQRIKDFLRNLV inactive
sequence resulting from the deletion of the three N-terminal amino acid residues of FK16. Tat- IV13
displayed potent host defense inhibitory effects leading both to the survival inhibition of U87G cells, a
glioblastoma model, and to the inhibition of the growth of S. agalactiae NEM316 ΔdltA strain, a Gram+
bacterial model. These results suggest that identification of hybrid specific Tat-cathelecidin peptides with
high anti-tumor activity and anti-bactericidal activity may represent a powerful approach to identify new
candidates for future therapeutic developments.
Mechanisms of autophagy regulation by adiponectin
Authors:   Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 51000, China, Rong Chan , Xu Xin
Published: December 2021

Adiponectin is a multifunctional adipocytokine produced predominantly by adipocytes, with potent antiinflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, and cytoprotective properties. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent self-degradative process that mediates the degradation of damaged organelles, invading pathogens and protein aggregates, thus maintaining cellular homeostasis. Adiponectin performs different biological functions by regulating autophagy. This review attempts to elucidate the biological responses and potential mechanisms underlying adiponectin-induced autophagy, with an aim to guide the identification of new therapeutic targets of related diseases. Keywords: Adiponectin, adiponectin receptors, autophagy
Toxicity of environmentally important micropollutants on three trophic levels
Authors: Yılmaz Hilal , Avaz Gülsen , Yetiş Ülkü , Özkan Melek
Published: December 2021

Micropollution is a serious environmental problem caused by continuous entry of trace quantities of toxic chemical substances into the aquatic environment. In the present study, three trophic levels of the aquatic ecosystems were used to evaluate the acute toxicities of environmentally important micropollutants including heavy metals, pesticides and drugs. There is a scarcity of information on toxicity of the studied substances on marine water algae. Among studied micropollutants, the most toxic chemical to Daphnia magna and Danio rerio was found to be 1-Chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene with EC50 of 0.002 and 4.2 mg/L, respectively. Although this compound was also toxic to marine algae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, arsenic showed the highest toxicity to the algae with EC50 of 2.4 mg/L. As compared to other organisms, D. magna was found to have higher sensitivity to all of the tested micropollutants.
First morphometry, reproduction, and genetic data for Blennius ocellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Black Sea
Authors: Karadurmuş Uğur , Öztürk Rafet Çağrı , Aydın Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Two specimens of the butterfly blenny, Blennius ocellaris, were caught off the coast of Ordu (Black Sea, Turkey) in April 2021 by trammel net. The aim of this paper is to further document occurrence and distribution of the butterfly blenny for the Black Sea and for Turkish marine ichthyofauna and to provide first morphometric, reproduction, and genetic data on this species to the Black Sea fauna species. Some morphometric and meristic characters were measured and presented as the percentage of total length (TL%). All morphometric measurements except eye diameter, pre-anal length, and maximum body depth were higher in the male individual. It was observed that the head makes up almost 1/4 of the body. It was determined that the ripe eggs were in their final stage of development (Stage IV). Gonad’s weight of a female individual was 2.85 g and the number of eggs was determined as 2993. The mean egg diameter was measured as 1070.7 ±15.63 μm (from 1050.2 to 1123.1 μm). The mitochondrial DNA gene regions of 16S rRNA and COI of the specimens were sequenced and analyzed. The generated partial sequences of COI and 16S rRNA were 621 bp and 551 bp, respectively. The maximum likelihood tree generated with the COI gene sequences retrieved from the GenBank database demonstrated geographic region-based distinction and sequences of the Black Sea specimens nested with the reference specimen sequences from the Western Mediterranean Sea and the Sea of Marmara.
Investigation of maritime accidents in the strait of Istanbul in the perspective of navigational safety: İSTANBULMAX ship type recommendation
Authors: Kodak Gizem , Kara Gökhan , Yıldız Murat , Şalcı Aydın
Published: December 2021

In this study, maritime accidents that occurred in the Strait of Istanbul over a 10-year period were evaluated in terms of ship-based risk factors. The frequency analysis was performed using the R - Studio program language. In this context, the accident data obtained from the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Main Search and Rescue Coordination Center were matched with the ship information accessed from Türk Loydu database. Thus, ship origin risk factors to be used within the scope of the study were determined and 10 different criteria were included in the analysis. These are ship length, ship breadth, ship draught, ship age, ship DWT, turning point, turning radius, L/B ratio, B/T ratio and number of propellers. The process of creating a data set was completed by spatially filtering the data and classifying of the ship-based causes accidents. The variables were examined with frequency analysis in the perspective of the Law of Large Numbers. With the results obtained, optimum characteristics based on ship origin risk factors have been revealed for each ship type that will pass through the Strait.
Investigation of the effects of animal and plant based milk on satiety and postprandial glucose levels
Authors: Hızlı Güldemir Hilal , Güney İlkim , Göksu Duygu , Sancak Büşrahan , Pekdemir Havvagül
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the short-term effects of animal and plant-based milk consumption on postprandial glycemia, toughness, food intake of healthy individuals. Cow milk and soymilk were used as the test drink and com-mercial fruit juice as the control group. In the study in which 19 healthy adult subjects participated, fast-ing blood glucose and post-prandial blood glucose ana-lysed, visual analog scale and appetite were ques-tioned. Then, 24-hour food comsumption records were taken and energy and mac-ronutrients were calculated and compared. While the highest energy intake was on the day that cow milk was consumed, no signifi-cant relationship was found between test groups in terms of energy and macronutrient intake (p>0.05). It was de-termined that the difference between fasting and post-prandial blood glucose was in the week in which the highest cow milk was con-sumed and this change was significant (p< 0.05). It was thought that the satiety ef-fect of cow milk may be higher than that of soy milk due to its animal protein and saturated fat content.