bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised software repositories mining and its application to code search
Authors: Hu Gang , Peng Min , Zhang Yihan , Xie Qianqian , Gao Wang , Yuan Mengting
Published: November 2019

Software repositories are crucial resources for many software tasks, including code retrieval and annotation. Programming forums provide questions and answers (Q&A) from software developers, containing abundant code‐description posts for exchanging knowledge about programming issues. However, most posts provide personal opinions of users that are often not adequately confirmed or outdated. Mining software repositories in such open and unrestricted forums is challenging. Since the posts can be arbitrary and noisy, it is difficult to get unified labels for supervised noise elimination. Different from existing mining approaches, this paper proposes Code‐Description Mining Framework (CodeMF), an unsupervised framework to eliminate noisy posts and extract high quality software repositories from programming forums. CodeMF treats all social features of the posts as discrete‐time signals for kernel principal component analysis and further performs wavelet transform feature fusion to find the delicate changes (noises in temporal signals). We conduct comprehensive experiments on StackOverflow. Experimental results demonstrate that CodeMF can effectively reduce running time and improve precision via mining high‐quality software repositories for various programming languages, especially for the large‐scale codebases. To further illustrate the effect of CodeMF applied in software tasks, we introduce it to improve the performance of query‐expansion code search. Meanwhile, for SQL and C# programs, compared to the state‐of‐the‐art query‐expansion method QECK, the improvement of QECKCodeMFis 2% and 6% on Recall@10, and 4% and 14% on mean reciprocal rank, respectively.
A new tip correction for actuator line computations
Authors: Dağ Kaya Onur , Sørensen Jens Nørkær
Published: November 2019

The actuator line method (ALM) is today widely used to represent wind turbine loadings in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). As opposed to resolving the whole blade geometry, the methodology does not require geometry‐fitted meshes, which makes it fast to apply. In ALM, tabulated airfoil data are used to determine the local blade loadings, which subsequently are projected to the CFD grid using a Gaussian smearing function. To achieve accurate blade loadings at the tip regions of the blades, the width of the projection function needs to be narrower than the local chord lengths, requiring CFD grids that are much finer than what is actually needed in order to resolve the energy containing turbulent structures of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). On the other hand, employing large widths of the projection function may result in too large tip loadings. Therefore, the number of grid points required to resolve the blade and the width of the projection function have to be restricted to certain minimum values if unphysical corrections are to be avoided. In this paper, we investigate the cause of the overestimated tip loadings when using coarse CFD grids and, based on this, introduce a simple and physical consistent correction technique to rectify the problem. To validate the new correction, it is first applied on a planar wing where results are compared with the lifting‐line technique. Next, the NREL 5‐MW and Phase VI turbines are employed to test the correction on rotors. Here, the resulting blade loadings are compared with results from the blade‐element momentum (BEM) method. In both cases, it is found that the new correction greatly improves the results for both normal and tangential loads and that it is possible to obtain accurate results even when using a very coarse blade resolution.
Fibers add flavor. Part I. Classification of 5d SCFTs, flavor symmetries and BPS states
Authors: Apruzzi Fabio , Lawrie Craig , Lin Ling , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura , Wang Yi-Nan
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We propose a graph-based approach to 5d superconformal field theories (SCFTs) based on their realization as M-theory compactifications on singular elliptic Calabi-Yau threefolds. Field-theoretically, these 5d SCFTs descend from 6d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) SCFTs by circle compactification and mass deformations. We derive a description of these theories in terms of graphs, so-called Combined Fiber Diagrams, which encode salient features of the partially resolved Calabi-Yau geometry, and provides a combinatorial way of characterizing all 5d SCFTs that descend from a given 6d theory. Remarkably, these graphs manifestly capture strongly coupled data of the 5d SCFTs, such as the superconformal flavor symmetry, BPS states, and mass deformations. The capabilities of this approach are demonstrated by deriving all rank one and rank two 5d SCFTs. The full potential, how- ever, becomes apparent when applied to theories with higher rank. Starting with the higher rank conformal matter theories in 6d, we are led to the discovery of previously unknown flavor symmetry enhancements and new 5d SCFTs.
Entwicklung einer elektronischen Todesbescheinigung für Deutschland
Authors: Eckert Olaf , Kühl Linda , Vogel Ulrich , Weber Stefanie
Published: November 2019

Das Ausstellen von Todesbescheinigungen durch Ärztinnen und Ärzte sowie die Weiterbearbeitung durch Gesundheitsämter, Standesämter, statistische Ämter auf Landesebene und weitere Behörden erfolgen heute in einem gesetzlich geregelten Verfahren, das papierbasiert ist und zwischen den Bundesländern variiert.

In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept einer bundeseinheitlichen elektronischen Todesbescheinigung (eTB) skizziert, das eine digitale Verarbeitungskette beinhaltet und eine zeitnahe und qualitativ verbesserte Todesursachenstatistik ermöglichen soll.

Ausgehend von einem bundeseinheitlichen Formular, das erstmals die seit 2016 geltenden Dokumentationsanforderungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) vollständig in Deutschland umsetzen wird, soll die elektronische Todesbescheinigung in Pilotregionen entwickelt und getestet werden. Dabei sollen Synergieeffekte genutzt werden, die sich aus der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung der öffentlichen Verwaltung und des Gesundheitswesens ergeben.

Die in der Testphase erhobenen Daten sollen mit dem elektronischen Codiersystem Iris bearbeitet werden. Effekte auf die Datenqualität der Todesursachenstatistik sollen im Rahmen von multikausalen Auswertungen und vergleichenden Untersuchungen zu internationalen Ergebnissen und zum bisherigen papierbasierten Verfahren analysiert werden. Erstmals soll in Deutschland eine multikausale Todesursachenstatistik konzipiert werden, die bei einer alternden Gesellschaft und multimorbiden Patienten von hoher Relevanz für die Gesundheitspolitik und -forschung sein kann.

Die Erfahrungen der Pilotierung der eTB könnten für eine spätere bundesweite Umsetzung genutzt werden.
Absence of neurotoxicity and lack of neurobehavioral consequences due to exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) exposure in humans, animals and zebrafish
Authors: Kacew Sam , Hayes A. Wallace
Published: November 2019

Tetrabromobisphenol A (2,2′,6,6′-tetrabromo-4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol, CAS no. 79-94-7) (TBBPA) is an effective brominated flame retardant present in many consumer products whose effectiveness is attributable to its ability to retard flames and consequently save human lives. Toxicokinetic studies revealed that TBBPA when absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract is rapidly metabolized to glucuronide or sulfate metabolites which are rapidly eliminated by the kidney. TBBPA does not accumulate in the body and there is no evidence that the parent compound is present in the brain. Although this brominated flame retardant was detected in human breast milk and serum, there was no evidence that TBBPA reached the brain in in vivo animal studies as reflected by the absence of neuropathological, neurotoxic, or behavioral alterations indicating that the central nervous system is not a target tissue. These animal investigations were further supported by use of the larval/embryo observations that TBBPA did not produce behavioral changes in a larval/embryo zebrafish a model of chemical-induced neurotoxicity. Although some protein expressions were increased, deceased or not affected in the blood–brain barrier indicating no evidence that TBBPA entered the brain, the changes were contradictory, or gender related, and behavior was not affected supporting that this compound was not neurotoxic. Taken together, TBBPA does not appear to target the brain and is not considered as a neurotoxicant.
“It’s helpful to get the time and opportunity to discuss drug treatment; that’s what I think is the most important thing.”—A qualitative study on prescribing education in junior physicians
Authors: Lönnbro Johan , Wallerstedt Susanna M.
Published: November 2019

Background

As prescribing skills are a prerequisite for rational use of medicines, and education and training are important in acquiring these skills, we aimed to explore what aspects junior physicians find important when being taught the art of prescribing.

Methods

Written feedback from 34 interns after participating in an educational session as part of a randomized controlled study at a university hospital formed the qualitative data in this study. Manifest content analysis was performed, guided by the research question “Educating junior physicians in the art of prescribing: what aspects do they find important?” Meaning units were extracted and categorized, and emergent themes were identified.

Results

Five themes emerged. The first, clinical relevance, was exemplified by the categories valuable for health care; perceived relevance for one’s own work; and translating theory into practice while the second, applicable content, included categories such as clinical advice; practical tips on using the electronic medical record system; and tools that facilitate. The third and fourth themes, reality-based teaching and creative discussions, were exemplified by the categories patient cases and feedback; and discussion-based teaching; wide-ranging discussions and a permissive and open atmosphere, respectively. In the last theme, effective structure, we identified the categories clear structure; small group teaching; allocated time for discussion; well-organized administration; and home assignment for practice.

Conclusion

Creative discussions, effectively structured in small group sessions, with clinically relevant, reality-based content built on case studies and feedback, are aspects which junior physicians find important when educated in the art of prescribing.
Genome-wide scans identify known and novel regions associated with prolificacy and reproduction traits in a sub-Saharan African indigenous sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Dolebo Asrat Tera , Khayatzadeh Negar , Melesse Aberra , Wragg David , Rekik Mourad , Haile Aynalem , Rischkowsky Barbara , Rothschild Max F. , Mwacharo Joram M.
Published: November 2019

Maximizing the number of offspring born per female is a key functionality trait in commercial- and/or subsistence-oriented livestock enterprises. Although the number of offspring born is closely associated with female fertility and reproductive success, the genetic control of these traits remains poorly understood in sub-Saharan Africa livestock. Using selection signature analysis performed on Ovine HD BeadChip data from the prolific Bonga sheep in Ethiopia, 41 candidate regions under selection were identified. The analysis revealed one strong selection signature on a candidate region on chromosome X spanningBMP15, suggesting this to be the primary candidate prolificacy gene in the breed. The analysis also identified several candidate regions spanning genes not reported before in prolific sheep but underlying fertility and reproduction in other species. The genes associated with female reproduction traits includedSPOCK1(age at first oestrus),GPR173(mediator of ovarian cyclicity),HB-EGF(signalling early pregnancy success) andSMARCAL1andHMGN3a(regulate gene expression during embryogenesis). The genes involved in male reproduction wereFOXJ1(sperm function and successful fertilization) andNME5(spermatogenesis). We also observed genes such asPKD2L2,MAGED1andKDM3B, which have been associated with diverse fertility traits in both sexes of other species. The results confirm the complexity of the genetic mechanisms underlying reproduction while suggesting that prolificacy in the Bonga sheep, and possibly African indigenous sheep is partly under the control ofBMP15while other genes that enhance male and female fertility are essential for reproductive fitness.
Observational and Reported Measures of Language and Pragmatics in Young People with Autism: A Comparison of Respondent Data and Gender Profiles
Authors: Sturrock Alexandra , Marsden Antonia , Adams Catherine , Freed Jenny
Published: November 2019

Female children with autism spectrum disorder (FwASD) and performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) over 70 were compared with male children with ASD (MwASD) and typically developing (TD) controls (age 8–11 years) using a range of language and pragmatic measures. Functional ability was assessed using clinical observations and parent, teacher and self-reports. Results were compared between measures, and with direct assessments of language and pragmatics, in order to identify potential biases. This study found that FwASD performed better than MwASD but worse than TD controls on clinical observations of pragmatic ability. FwASD also performed worst overall on a parental measure of emotions. Additionally, there were patterns of differences between clinician, parent, teacher and self- reports and direct assessments, which indicate the need for assessment data to be collected from multiple informants. Findings also have implications for the accurate identification of ASD in females and appropriate provision of support.
The Ethics of Laying Hen Genetics
Authors: Fernyhough Mia , Nicol Christine J. , van de Braak Teun , Toscano Michael J. , Tønnessen Morten
Published: November 2019

Despite societal concerns about the welfare of commercial laying hens, little attention has been paid to the welfare implications of the choices made by the genetics companies involved with their breeding. These choices regarding trait selection and other aspects of breeding significantly affect living conditions for the more than 7 billion laying hens in the world. However, these companies must consider a number of different commercial and societal interests, beyond animal welfare concerns. In this article we map some of the relevant dilemmas faced by genetics companies in order to outline the scope of opportunities to improve welfare under current market conditions. This includes identifying cases where different animal welfare concerns conflict. We discuss the moral responsibility of laying hen genetics companies and the welfare implications that derive from the choices they make and the policies they follow. In addition to evaluating a selection of predominant current practices and breeding goals, we outline different angles from where to assess the moral legitimacy of various industry practices and policies. We discuss specific issues such as injurious pecking, bone health, induced moulting, chick culling and the circumstances of breeding stock.
Integrating Computational Thinking into Elementary Science Curriculum: an Examination of Activities that Support Students’ Computational Thinking in the Service of Disciplinary Learning
Authors: Waterman Kevin P , Goldsmith Lynn , Pasquale Marian
Published: November 2019

Using an example of a grade 3 science unit about population changes during competition for resources, we describe how we integrated computational thinking (CT) into existing curriculum identifying three levels of depth of integration: identifying connections that already exist, enhancing and strengthening connections, and extending units to include activities that more explicitly develop students’ CT. We discuss students’ understanding of the relationship between a simple model of an ecosystem and the actual phenomenon it represents, their engagement with the unit’s data-gathering and data analysis activities, their ability to engage in sense-making regarding data they generated and analyzed, and how collectively the study supports their understanding of the complex system. This example module is part of “Broadening Participation of Elementary School Teachers and Students in Computer Science through STEM Integration and Statewide Collaboration,” a National Science Foundation-funded collaboration among Massachusetts teacher educators, researchers, teachers, and state-level education administrators that developed and implemented a number of elementary grade, CT-integrated science and mathematics curriculum modules. Collectively, these modules are designed to develop practices related to several key CT topics: abstraction, data, modeling and simulation, and algorithms. These CT topics support the development of core skills related to, but not exclusively the domain of, computer science. The strategy of integrating CT into core elementary STEM subject areas was intended to cultivate CT practices in support of science learning.
New theoretical insights on tautomerism of hyperforin—a prenylated phloroglucinol derivative which may be responsible for St. John’s wort (
Hypericum perforatum
) antidepressant activity
Authors: Oziminski Wojciech P. , Wójtowicz Agata
Published: November 2019

The thermodynamic aspects of keto-enol tautomerism of hyperforin were investigated theoretically using density functional theory methods. At the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory the enol tautomer dominates the tautomeric mixture and the second enol tautomer 1OH-HB has Gibbs free energy higher by 1.2 kcal/mol, despite possessing an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The purely keto tautomer is less stable by 3.3 kcal/mol compared with the 1OH tautomer, which means that the percentage of the keto tautomer in the tautomeric mixture is only about 0.4%. This is a different picture than in the parent compound of hyperforin—the phloroglucinol, where the keto tautomer is more stable than corresponding enol 1OH tautomer by 0.6 kcal/mol. To explain this difference, several in-between model molecules reflecting gradual transformation from phloroglucinol to hyperforin were build, and all the tautomeric forms were optimized for each molecule. It turned out that the addition of an aliphatic three-carbon bridge to phloroglucinol ring is crucial for the reversal of the tautomer stability order to that for hyperforin. The probable reason is the unfavorable strain in the keto tautomer introduced by the carbon bridge, which forces a specific geometric configuration which destabilizes in consequence the keto tautomer. This picture of hyperforin tautomerism underlines the dominance of enol tautomers, which can be important when studying the antidepressant activity of hyperforin—its interactions with neurotransmitters receptors.
Micro-livestock in smallholder farming systems: the role, challenges and opportunities for cavies in South Kivu, eastern DR Congo
Authors: Klapwijk Charlotte J. , Schut Marc , van Asten Piet J. A. , Vanlauwe Bernard , Giller Ken E. , Descheemaeker Katrien
Published: November 2019

Livestock play multiple roles for smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Mixed crop-livestock systems are common in South Kivu, eastern DR Congo, but herd sizes are small and numbers of large livestock (i.e. cattle) have declined, due to high population density, recent conflicts and extreme poverty. Over half of the farmers keep cavies, a type of micro-livestock fitting the circumstances of smallholders and a valuable asset especially for the poorest households. To characterize cavy husbandry practices, detailed monthly on-farm data on cavy numbers, weights, herd dynamics and feeding practices were collected over 15 months and from households in two contrasting sites in South Kivu. Cavy herds contained on average 10 animals and strongly varied in size over time and between households. The main reasons for keeping cavies were meat consumption, especially for children, and the opportunity to generate petty cash. A large difference was observed in adult cavy live weights between the sites (an average of 0.6 and 1.0 kg per animal in Kabamba and Lurhala, respectively) and attributed to differences in cavy husbandry and genetics. In both sites, quantities of fresh fodder on offer were larger than fodder demand by 50–100%, but no correlation was found between amount of fodder on offer and cavy weight. Farmers faced several constraints to cavy production, including substantial declines in cavy herd size due to predation or theft and a lack of knowledge regarding breeding and feeding. Hence, the introduction of cages to limit mortality and fodder cultivation to improve feed quality were opportunities for improving cavy production. Overall, micro-livestock present a promising entry-point for development initiatives, also outside DR Congo, because of their potential to decrease poverty and improve human nutrition.
Multilevel Heterogeneous Factor Analysis and Application to Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Pan Junhao , Ip Edward Haksing , Dubé Laurette
Published: November 2019

Ansari et al. (Psychometrika 67:49–77, 2002) applied a multilevel heterogeneous model for confirmatory factor analysis to repeated measurements on individuals. While the mean and factor loadings in this model vary across individuals, its factor structure is invariant. Allowing the individual-level residuals to be correlated is an important means to alleviate the restriction imposed by configural invariance. We relax the diagonality assumption of residual covariance matrix and estimate it using a formal Bayesian Lasso method. The approach improves goodness of fit and avoids ad hoc one-at-a-time manipulation of entries in the covariance matrix via modification indexes. We illustrate the approach using simulation studies and real data from an ecological momentary assessment.
The challenge of return to work in workers with cancer: employer priorities despite variation in social policies related to work and health
Authors: de Rijk Angelique , Amir Ziv , Cohen Miri , Furlan Tomislav , Godderis Lode , Knezevic Bojana , Miglioretti Massimo , Munir Fehmidah , Popa Adela Elena , Sedlakova Maria , Torp Steffen , Yagil Dana , Tamminga Sietske , de Boer Angela
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This study explored employer’s perspectives on (1) their experience of good practice related to workers diagnosed with cancer and their return to work (RTW), and (2) their perceived needs necessary to achieve good practice as reported by employers from nine separate countries.

Methods

Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were held in eight European countries and Israel with two to three employers typically including HR managers or line managers from both profit and non-profit organisations of different sizes and sectors. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A grounded theory/thematic analysis approach was completed.

Results

Employers’ experience with RTW assistance for workers with cancer appears to be a dynamic process. Results indicate that good practice includes six phases: (1) reacting to disclosure, (2) collecting information, (3) decision-making related to initial actions, (4) remaining in touch, (5) decision-making on RTW, and (6) follow-up. The exact details of the process are shaped by country, employer type, and worker characteristics; however, there was consistency related to the need for (1) structured procedures, (2) collaboration, (3) communication skills training, (4) information on cancer, and (5) financial resources for realizing RTW support measures.

Conclusions

Notwithstanding variations at country, employer, and worker levels, the employers from all nine countries reported that good practice regarding RTW assistance in workers with a history of cancer consists of the six phases above. Employers indicate that they would benefit from shared collaboration and resources that support good practice for this human resource matter.

Implications for cancer survivors

Further research and development based on the six phases of employer support as a framework for a tool or strategy to support workers with a history of cancer across countries and organisations is warranted.
Surrogate-Based Design Optimisation Tool for Dual-Phase Fluid Driving Jet Pump Apparatus
Authors: Mifsud D. , Verdin P. G.
Published: November 2019

A comparative study of four well established surrogate models used to predict the non-linear entrainment performance of a dual-phase fluid driving jet pump (JP) apparatus is performed. A JP design flow configuration comprising a dual-phase (air and water) flow driving a secondary gas-air flow, for which no one has ever provided a unique set of design solutions, is described. For the construction of the global approximations (GA), the response surface methodology (RSM), Kriging and the radial basis function artificial neural network (RBFANN), were primarily used. The stacked/ensemble models methodology was integrated in this study, to improve the predictive model results, thus providing accurate GA that facilitate the multi-variable non-linear response design optimisation. An error analysis of all four models along with a multiple model accuracy analysis of each case study were performed. The RSM, Kriging, RBFANN and stacked models formed part of the surrogate-based optimisation, having the entrainment ratio as the main objective function. Optimisation problems were solved by the interior-point algorithm and the genetic algorithm and incurred a hybrid formulation of both algorithms. A total of 60 optimisation problems were formulated and solved with all three approximation models. Results showed that the hybrid formulation having the level-2 ensemble Kriging model performed best, predicting the experimental performance results for all JP models within an error margin of less than 10 % in 90 % of the cases.
Determination of the critical value of damage in a channel-die rotational compression test
Authors: Pater Z. , Tomczak J. , Bulzak T. , Wójcik Ł. , Walczuk P.
Published: November 2019

This article describes the problems involved in modelling material cracking in skew rolling processes. The use of the popular damage criteria is impossible because of the lack of a calibration test that would make it possible to determine the critical value of material damage under conditions similar to those found in skew rolling. To fill this gap, a test called channel-die rotational compression was proposed. It consisted of rolling a disk-shaped specimen in a cavity created by two channels of cooperating tools (flat dies), which had heights smaller than the diameter of the specimen. When the rolling path was sufficiently long, a crack formed in the axial zone of the specimen. In this test, modelling using the finite element method made it possible to determine the critical values of material damage. As an illustration, the test was used to determine the critical damage value when conducting a rotational compression process on 50HS steel (1.5026) specimens formed in the temperature range of 950–1200 °C. The analysis was conducted using the Cockcroft–Latham damage criterion.
A Novel Reinforcement-Based Paradigm for Children to Teach the Humanoid Kaspar Robot
Authors: Zaraki Abolfazl , Khamassi Mehdi , Wood Luke J. , Lakatos Gabriella , Tzafestas Costas , Amirabdollahian Farshid , Robins Ben , Dautenhahn Kerstin
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a contribution aiming at testing novel child–robot teaching schemes that could be used in future studies to support the development of social and collaborative skills of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We present a novel experiment where the classical roles are reversed: in this scenario the children are the teachers providing positive or negative reinforcement to the Kaspar robot in order for it to learn arbitrary associations between different toy names and the locations where they are positioned. The objective is to stimulate interaction and collaboration between children while teaching the robot, and also provide them tangible examples to understand that sometimes learning requires several repetitions. To facilitate this game, we developed a reinforcement learning algorithm enabling Kaspar to verbally convey its level of uncertainty during the learning process, so as to better inform the children about the reasons behind its successes and failures. Overall, 30 typically developing (TD) children aged between 7 and 8 (19 girls, 11 boys) and 9 children with ASD performed 25 sessions (16 for TD; 9 for ASD) of the experiment in groups, and managed to teach Kaspar all associations in 2 to 7 trials. During the course of study Kaspar only made rare unexpected associations (2 perseverative errors and 2 win-shifts, within a total of 314 trials), primarily due to exploratory choices, and eventually reached minimal uncertainty. Thus, the robot’s behaviour was clear and consistent for the children, who all expressed enthusiasm in the experiment.
Guidelines for the management of myocardial infarction/injury with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA): a position paper from the Dutch ACS working group
Authors: Pustjens T. F. S. , Appelman Y. , Damman P. , ten Berg J. M. , Jukema J. W. , de Winter R. J. , Agema W. R. P. , van der Wielen M. L. J. , Arslan F. , Rasoul S. , van ’t Hof A. W. J.
Published: November 2019

Patients with myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), defined as angiographic stenosis <50%, represent a conundrum given the many potential underlying aetiologies. Possible causes of MINOCA can be subdivided into coronary, myocardial and non-cardiac disorders. MINOCA is found in up to 14% of patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome. Clinical outcomes including mortality, and functional and psychosocial status, are comparable to those of patients with myocardial infarction and obstructive coronary arteries. However, many uncertainties remain regarding the definition, clinical features and management of these patients. This position paper of the Dutch ACS working group of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology aims to stress the importance of considering MINOCA as a dynamic working diagnosis and to guide the clinician in the management of patients with MINOCA by proposing a clinical diagnostic algorithm.
Artificial intelligence supported patient self-care in chronic heart failure: a paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive and personalised care
Authors: Barrett Matthew , Boyne Josiane , Brandts Julia , Brunner-La Rocca Hans-Peter , De Maesschalck Lieven , De Wit Kurt , Dixon Lana , Eurlings Casper , Fitzsimons Donna , Golubnitschaja Olga , Hageman Arjan , Heemskerk Frank , Hintzen André , Helms Thomas M. , Hill Loreena , Hoedemakers Thom , Marx Nikolaus , McDonald Kenneth , Mertens Marc , Müller-Wieland Dirk , Palant Alexander , Piesk Jens , Pomazanskyi Andrew , Ramaekers Jan , Ruff Peter , Schütt Katharina , Shekhawat Yash , Ski Chantal F. , Thompson David R. , Tsirkin Andrew , van der Mierden Kay , Watson Chris , Zippel-Schultz Bettina
Published: November 2019

Heart failure (HF) is one of the most complex chronic disorders with high prevalence, mainly due to the ageing population and better treatment of underlying diseases. Prevalence will continue to rise and is estimated to reach 3% of the population in Western countries by 2025. It is the most important cause of hospitalisation in subjects aged 65 years or more, resulting in high costs and major social impact. The current “one-size-fits-all” approach in the treatment of HF does not result in best outcome for all patients. These facts are an imminent threat to good quality management of patients with HF. An unorthodox approach from a new vision on care is required. We propose a novel predictive, preventive and personalised medicine approach where patients are truly leading their management, supported by an easily accessible online application that takes advantage of artificial intelligence. This strategy paper describes the needs in HF care, the needed paradigm shift and the elements that are required to achieve this shift. Through the inspiring collaboration of clinical and high-tech partners from North-West Europe combining state of the art HF care, artificial intelligence, serious gaming and patient coaching, a virtual doctor is being created. The results are expected to advance and personalise self-care, where standard care tasks are performed by the patients themselves, in principle without involvement of healthcare professionals, the latter being able to focus on complex conditions. This new vision on care will significantly reduce costs per patient while improving outcomes to enable long-term sustainability of top-level HF care.
Revealing the Intrinsic Peroxidase-Like Catalytic Mechanism of Heterogeneous Single-Atom Co–MoS2
Authors: Wang Ying , Qi Kun , Yu Shansheng , Jia Guangri , Cheng Zhiliang , Zheng Lirong , Wu Qiong , Bao Qiaoliang , Wang Qingqing , Zhao Jingxiang , Cui Xiaoqiang , Zheng Weitao
Published: November 2019

The single-atom nanozyme is a new concept and has tremendous prospects to become a next-generation nanozyme. However, few studies have been carried out to elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms for both the single atoms and the supports in single-atom nanozymes. Herein, the heterogeneous single-atom Co–MoS2 (SA Co–MoS2) is demonstrated to have excellent potential as a high-performance peroxidase mimic. Because of the well-defined structure of SA Co–MoS2, its peroxidase-like mechanism is extensively interpreted through experimental and theoretical studies. Due to the different adsorption energies of substrates on different parts of SA Co–MoS2 in the peroxidase-like reaction, SA Co favors electron transfer mechanisms, while MoS2 relies on Fenton-like reactions. The different catalytic pathways provide an intrinsic understanding of the remarkable performance of SA Co–MoS2. The present study not only develops a new kind of single-atom catalyst (SAC) as an elegant platform for understanding the enzyme-like activities of heterogeneous nanomaterials but also facilitates the novel application of SACs in biocatalysis.
The impact of exposure to parental intimate partner violence on adolescent precocious transitions to adulthood
Authors: Adhia Avanti , Drolette Linda M. , Vander Stoep Ann , Valencia Esteban J. , Kernic Mary A.
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Precocious transitions can create stress by placing excessive demands on adolescents and are associated with adverse outcomes that extend into adulthood. The current study assessed whether exposure to parental intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with adolescent precocious transitions to adulthood.

Methods

Data come from 33,360 individuals aged 18+ years in the United States who participated in the National Epidemiologic Surveys of Alcohol and Related Conditions. Six precocious transitions (leaving home early, early sex, early marriage, early parenthood, early full‐time employment, and dropping out of high school) were examined. Robust Poisson regression was used to calculate relative risks for the association between IPV exposure and each precocious transition, adjusting for confounders. We assessed effect modification by gender and by exposure to childhood abuse or neglect.

Results

Participants exposed to IPV in childhood were at higher risk of engaging in early sex; dropping out of high school; entering into early full‐time employment; entering into early marriage; and entering into early parenthood relative to participants not exposed to IPV. Significant interactions between gender and exposure to IPV were detected for early sex and early full‐time work outcomes, such that the associations were stronger for females compared to males. Participants exposed to more frequent or more severe IPV in childhood were at even higher risk for experiencing precocious transitions.

Conclusions

Individuals exposed to IPV in childhood are more likely to experience precocious transitions to adulthood. Findings highlight the need for interventions to mitigate adverse outcomes in adolescence for children exposed to IPV.
The good, the bad, or the ugly? Corporate strategies, size, and environmental regulation in the fish-farming industry
Authors: Vormedal Irja , Skjærseth Jon Birger
Published: November 2019

This article investigates corporate responses to environmental regulation of fish farming in Norway, the world's largest producer and exporter of salmon. We note a puzzling strategic divergence within the industry: whereas small firms have strongly opposed new standards, large and multinational firms have supported or even demanded stricter regulation. Traditional models for business response strategies can explain this divergence only partly. We develop a supplementary, explanatory perspective focusing on company size and predatory opportunities, to show how large and dominant corporate players can use environmental regulation strategically to strengthen their competitive advantages at the expense of small and weaker rivals. This highlights a neglected dimension of regulatory effects and motives behind corporate demand for strict and costly standards. It aso shows how environmental regulations may cause trade-offs with local development concerns, relevant to other natural resource-based sectors evolving from smaller-scale production towards full-fledged industrialization.
Analysis of a high-prescribing state’s 2016 outpatient antibiotic prescriptions: Implications for outpatient antimicrobial stewardship interventions
Authors: Staub Milner B. , Ouedraogo Youssoufou , Evans Christopher D. , Katz Sophie E. , Talley Pamela P. , Kainer Marion A. , Nelson George E.
Published: November 2019

Objective:

To identify prescriber characteristics that predict antibiotic high-prescribing behavior to inform statewide antimicrobial stewardship interventions.

Design:

Retrospective analysis of 2016 IQVIA Xponent, formerly QuintilesIMS, outpatient retail pharmacy oral antibiotic prescriptions in Tennessee.

Setting:

Statewide retail pharmacies filling outpatient antibiotic prescriptions.

Participants:

Prescribers who wrote at least 1 antibiotic prescription filled at a retail pharmacy in Tennessee in 2016.

Methods:

Multivariable logistic regression, including prescriber gender, birth decade, specialty, and practice location, and patient gender and age group, to determine the association with high prescribing.

Results:

In 2016, 7,949,816 outpatient oral antibiotic prescriptions were filled in Tennessee: 1,195 prescriptions per 1,000 total population. Moreover, 50% of Tennessee’s outpatient oral antibiotic prescriptions were written by 9.3% of prescribers. Specific specialties and prescriber types were associated with high prescribing: urology (odds ratio [OR], 3.249; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.208–3.289), nurse practitioners (OR, 2.675; 95% CI, 2.658–2.692), dermatologists (OR, 2.396; 95% CI, 2.365–2.428), physician assistants (OR, 2.382; 95% CI, 2.364–2.400), and pediatric physicians (OR, 2.340; 95% CI, 2.320–2.361). Prescribers born in the 1960s were most likely to be high prescribers (OR, 2.574; 95% CI, 2.532–2.618). Prescribers in rural areas were more likely than prescribers in all other practice locations to be high prescribers. High prescribers were more likely to prescribe broader-spectrum antibiotics (P < .001).

Conclusions:

Targeting high prescribers, independent of specialty, degree, practice location, age, or gender, may be the best strategy for implementing cost-conscious, effective outpatient antimicrobial stewardship interventions. More information about high prescribers, such as patient volumes, clinical scope, and specific barriers to intervention, is needed.
The “Quadratic Nexus” Revisited: Nation-Building in Estonia Through the Prism of National Cultural Autonomy
Authors: Smith David J.
Published: November 2019

This article explores how the concept of minority national-cultural autonomy (NCA) has been defined and practiced in contemporary Estonia, combining data from interviews and previously unanalyzed archival sources to trace debates and policymaking processes back to 1988 and ascertain: why (and for whom) NCA was adopted; the functions ascribed to NCA institutions; and the effectiveness and legitimacy of the model in the eyes of different “noncore” ethnic communities. In so doing, the article uses NCA as a fresh lens for analyzing the more general politics of post-Soviet state and nation-building in the country, situating this case within the “Quadratic Nexus” framework. Estonia’s NCA law is generally viewed as irrelevant to ongoing issues of diversity governance in the country. However, Finnish and Swedish minority autonomies have been established and, in recent years, there have been three applications to establish a Russian NCA. None have been approved, and yet some authors see them as evidence that NCA could (and should) have a role to play in bringing about a more meaningful accommodation of ethnic diversity. Having reviewed the evidence, however, the article concludes that this claim is misplaced.
LOWER BOUNDS FOR PERIODS OF DUCCI SEQUENCES
Authors: BREUER FLORIAN , SHPARLINSKI IGOR E.
Published: November 2019

A Ducci sequence is a sequence of integer $n$-tuples obtained by iterating the map $$\begin{eqnarray}D:(a_{1},a_{2},\ldots ,a_{n})\mapsto (|a_{1}-a_{2}|,|a_{2}-a_{3}|,\ldots ,|a_{n}-a_{1}|).\end{eqnarray}$$ Such a sequence is eventually periodic and we denote by $P(n)$ the maximal period of such sequences for given odd $n$. We prove a lower bound for $P(n)$ by counting certain partitions. We then estimate the size of these partitions via the multiplicative order of two modulo $n$.
A unified method for maximal truncated Calderón–Zygmund operators in general function spaces by sparse domination
Authors: Anderson Theresa C. , Hu Bingyang
Published: November 2019

In this note we give simple proofs of several results involving maximal truncated Calderón–Zygmund operators in the general setting of rearrangement-invariant quasi-Banach function spaces by sparse domination. Our techniques allow us to track the dependence of the constants in weighted norm inequalities; additionally, our results hold in ℝnas well as in many spaces of homogeneous type.
LIFE FOR THE FAMILIES OF THE VICTORIAN CRIMINALLY INSANE
Authors: SHEPHERD JADE
Published: November 2019

This article uses hundreds of letters written by the families of patients committed to Victorian Broadmoor Criminal Lunatic Asylum to provide the first sustained examination of the effects of asylum committal on patients’ individual family members. It shows that, despite what historians have previously suggested, the effect on families was not solely, or even necessarily primarily, economic; it had significant emotional effects, and affected family members’ sense of self and relationships outside the asylum. It also shows that family ties and affective relationships mattered a great deal to working-class Victorians. Some found new ways to give meaning to their relationship with, and the life of, their incarcerated relative, despite the costs this entailed. By taking a new approach – engaging with the history of the family, shifting focus from patients to their individual family members, and considering factors including age, class, gender, change over time, and life stage – this article demonstrates the breadth and depth of the effects of asylum committal, and in doing so provides new and significant insights into the history of the Victorian asylum. It also enriches the history of the family by providing an insight into working-class quotidian lives, bonds, and emotions.
Lipoproteolytic capacity and potential of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from cold raw milk
Authors: de Moura Aguiar Bruna , de Longhi Rosana , Poli-Frederico Regina Celia , Fagnani Rafael , de Santana Elsa H W
Published: November 2019

The objective of the work described in this research communication was to determine the lipoproteolytic capacity and potential of Pseudomonas spp. from the microbiota of refrigerated raw milk. The influence of temperature and bacterial population on these activities was also evaluated. Pseudomonas spp. (PS) counts (30 °C/48 h) were confirmed by PCR. Proteolytic (10% milk agar) and lipolytic capacities (PLC) (tributyrin agar) were evaluated (21 °C/72 h). Proteolytic (PP) and lipolytic potential (LP) were assessed by measuring the diameter of the halos and were categorized as low or high. A total of 91.3% PS possessed PLC. The PP of 64.16% isolates was high and was frequently observed in PS from milk samples with higher counts and lower temperatures. The LP of 70.52% isolates was low, and higher LP was associated with low microbiological counts and temperatures. Genetic studies evaluating Pseudomonas spp. strains in the milking environment and investigating the origin of these isolates could be useful to improve the quality and shelf life of dairy products.
An Efficient Minimum-Time Cooperative Task Planning Algorithm for Serving Robots and Operators
Authors: Kim Yong-Hwi , Kim Byung Kook
Published: November 2019

We establish an efficient minimum-time cooperative task planning algorithm for robots and operators to serve clients. This problem is an extension of the multiple traveling salesman problem and the vehicle routing problem with synchronization constraints, but it is more difficult due to the cooperative tasks of the robots and operators. To find the exact minimum-time task plan with a small tree size, we propose an efficient branch-and-bound with a good initial tree and keen complementary heuristics. Our algorithm is also effective as an approximate algorithm for the many clients problem within the capacity of the computer used. The efficiency of our algorithm is revealed via case studies: telemedical service robots and planetary exploration robots.
Ontologies for Industry 4.0
Authors: Sampath Kumar Veera Ragavan , Khamis Alaa , Fiorini Sandro , Carbonera Joel Luís , Olivares Alarcos Alberto , Habib Maki , Goncalves Paulo , Li Howard , Olszewska Joanna Isabelle
Published: November 2019

The current fourth industrial revolution, or ‘Industry 4.0’ (I4.0), is driven by digital data, connectivity, and cyber systems, and it has the potential to create impressive/new business opportunities. With the arrival of I4.0, the scenario of various intelligent systems interacting reliably and securely with each other becomes a reality which technical systems need to address. One major aspect of I4.0 is to adopt a coherent approach for the semantic communication in between multiple intelligent systems, which include human and artificial (software or hardware) agents. For this purpose, ontologies can provide the solution by formalizing the smart manufacturing knowledge in an interoperable way. Hence, this paper presents the few existing ontologies for I4.0, along with the current state of the standardization effort in the factory 4.0 domain and examples of real-world scenarios for I4.0.
It all starts with entities: A Salient entity topic model
Authors: Wu Chuan , Kanoulas Evangelos , de Rijke Maarten
Published: November 2019

Entities play an essential role in understanding textual documents, regardless of whether the documents are short, such as tweets, or long, such as news articles. In short textual documents, all entities mentioned are usually considered equally important because of the limited amount of information. In long textual documents, however, not all entities are equally important: some are salient and others are not. Traditional entity topic models (ETMs) focus on ways to incorporate entity information into topic models to better explain the generative process of documents. However, entities are usually treated equally, without considering whether they are salient or not. In this work, we propose a novel ETM, Salient Entity Topic Model, to take salient entities into consideration in the document generation process. In particular, we model salient entities as a source of topics used to generate words in documents, in addition to the topic distribution of documents used in traditional topic models. Qualitative and quantitative analysis is performed on the proposed model. Application to entity salience detection demonstrates the effectiveness of our model compared to the state-of-the-art topic model baselines.