bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of Chemometrics and Sensory Metabolomics to Validate Quality Factors of Aged Baijiu (Nianfen Baijiu) with Emphasis on Long-Chain Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters
Authors: Wu Yashuai , Chen Hao , Sun Yue , Huang He , Chen Yiyuan , Hong Jiaxin , Liu Xinxin , Wei Huayang , Tian Wenjing , Zhao Dongrui , Sun Jinyuan , Huang Mingquan , Sun Baoguo
Published: August 2023

The storage process of Baijiu is an integral part of its production (the quality undergoes substantial changes during the aging process of Baijiu). As the storage time extends, the flavor compounds in Baijiu tend to undergo coordinated transformation, thereby enhancing the quality of Baijiu. Among them, long-chain fatty acid ethyl esters (LCFAEEs) were widely distributed in Baijiu and have been shown to have potential contributions to the quality of Baijiu. However, the current research on LCFAEEs in Baijiu predominantly focuses on the olfactory sensation aspect, while there is a lack of systematic investigation into their influence on taste and evaluation after drinking Baijiu during the aging process. In light of this, the present study investigates the distribution of LCFAEEs in Baijiu over different years. We have combined modern flavor sensory analysis with multivariate chemometrics to comprehensively and objectively explore the influence of LCFAEEs on Baijiu quality. The results demonstrate a significant positive correlation between the concentration of LCFAEEs and the fruity aroma (p < 0.05, r = 0.755) as well as the aged aroma (p < 0.05, r = 0.833) of Baijiu within a specific range; they can effectively reduce the off-flavors and spicy sensation of Baijiu. Furthermore, additional experiments utilizing a single variable suggest that LCFAEEs were crucial factors influencing the flavor of Baijiu, with Ethyl Palmitate (EP) being the most notable LCFAEE that merits further systematic investigation.
Chitosan Hydrogels for Water Purification Applications
Authors: Chelu Mariana , Musuc Adina Magdalena , Popa Monica , Calderon Moreno Jose M.
Published: August 2023

Chitosan-based hydrogels have gained significant attention for their potential applications in water treatment and purification due to their remarkable properties such as bioavailability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, environmental friendliness, high pollutants adsorption capacity, and water adsorption capacity. This article comprehensively reviews recent advances in chitosan-based hydrogel materials for water purification applications. The synthesis methods, structural properties, and water purification performance of chitosan-based hydrogels are critically analyzed. The incorporation of various nanomaterials into chitosan-based hydrogels, such as nanoparticles, graphene, and metal-organic frameworks, has been explored to enhance their performance. The mechanisms of water purification, including adsorption, filtration, and antimicrobial activity, are also discussed in detail. The potential of chitosan-based hydrogels for the removal of pollutants, such as heavy metals, organic contaminants, and microorganisms, from water sources is highlighted. Moreover, the challenges and future perspectives of chitosan-based hydrogels in water treatment and water purification applications are also illustrated. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into the current state of the art regarding chitosan-based hydrogels for water purification applications and highlights their potential for addressing global water pollution challenges.
Research Directions for Leveraging and Supporting the Lived Experience of Mental Illness within Psychology
Authors: Haywood Darren , Baughman Frank D. , Bosanac Peter , Johnston Kim , Gnatt Inge , Haywood Jennifer , Gullifer Judith , Rossell Susan
Published: August 2023

This paper explores the lived experience of mental illness within the field of psychology across higher education and the mental health workforce. There is a high prevalence of mental health issues among psychology students and practitioners, and it is critical not only to provide support for these populations, but also to acknowledge the value of leveraging their lived experience within their education and practice. There has been increased interest in and advocacy for the involvement of those with lived experience of mental illness within mental healthcare service provision to improve patient experiences and outcomes. However, there have been limited acknowledgement and research regarding the role of psychologists with personal lived experiences of mental illness, and how to leverage this experience. Further, there are challenges faced by both psychology students and practising psychologists with lived experience that act as barriers to leveraging their unique skills and experiences. Psychology students with lived experience face stigma, inadequate support, and incongruence between the course material and their personal experiences. Similarly, practising psychologists with lived experience encounter stigma and isolation, indicating the need for a culture change that promotes transparency and understanding. The paper calls for research in five key directions to provide evidence that can be used to support and leverage lived experience in psychology.
Correction: Farshadmand et al. Utility of Cardiac Power Hemodynamic Measurements in the Evaluation and Risk Stratification of Cardiovascular Conditions. Healthcare 2022, 10, 2417
Authors: Farshadmand Jonathan , Lowy Zachary , Hai Ofek , Zeltser Roman , Makaryus Amgad N.
Published: August 2023

Zachary Lowy was not included as an author in the original publication [...]
Maternal and Fetal Effects of Gestational Vitamin D Concentration
Authors: Kwon Ki-Wook , Lee Young-Hyeon , Yeo Min-Ho , Park Sang-Hyun , Kim Hye-Ran , Kim Hye-Sook , Chang Kyung-Soo
Published: August 2023

Most (90%) vitamin D synthesis occurs in the skin using sunlight (ultraviolet rays), and 10% is obtained through food. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for skeletal growth and maintenance, cell proliferation and differentiation, and immune function. This study investigated whether maternal serum vitamin D concentrations induce maternofetal effects. Hematological analysis, serological changes, and precision fetal ultrasound findings were analyzed by maternal vitamin D concentration in gestational weeks 22–25 to ascertain direct effects on fetal growth. Bone density–vitamin D concentration correlation was analyzed. No hematologic or serological effect of maternal vitamin D concentration was detected; however, the sexually transmitted infection and cross-infection rates were inversely proportional to maternal vitamin D concentration. No significant correlation between vitamin D concentration and vertebral and femoral BMD was detected. For fetal growth, biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and humerus length were analyzed. Humerus (p < 0.05) and femur (p < 0.001) lengths were higher in the vitamin D-sufficient group than in the vitamin D-deficient group. Vitamin D concentration did not positively affect hematologic changes and bone density; maternal vitamin D concentration essentially affected fetal bone growth. Vitamin D inhibits sexually transmitted infections in mothers and promotes fetal bone growth. Prevention of vitamin D deficiency, supplementation, or outdoor activities is recommended.
Comparison of Korean School Students’ Safety Accident Rates before and after COVID-19
Authors: Seo Yongsuk , Youn Hyun-Su
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected various aspects of education, including the occurrence of injuries among Korean students. This study aims to analyze and compare injury rates in elementary, middle, and high schools before and after the pandemic and identify the associated factors. A non-experimental quantitative dataset compiled from the Korea School Safety Association’s annual reports (2018–2022) was utilized. The data included information on school safety accidents among Korean children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The dataset was analyzed based on factors such as time, location, type of accident, and injured body part. The findings revealed a decline in accidents during the early phase of the pandemic, followed by an increase after schools reopened. There were notable variations in the accidents in specific locations, types, and body parts affected during the pandemic, compared with the pre-pandemic period. This study highlights the importance of continuous monitoring, implementation of safety measures, and prioritization of physical activity programs and safety education to ensure a safe learning environment. Further research is recommended to track and address evolving school accidents in response to the pandemic and its aftermath.
Urban Flood Modelling under Extreme Rainfall Conditions for Building-Level Flood Exposure Analysis
Authors: Iliadis Christos , Galiatsatou Panagiota , Glenis Vassilis , Prinos Panagiotis , Kilsby Chris
Published: August 2023

The expansion of urban areas and the increasing frequency and magnitude of intense rainfall events are anticipated to contribute to the widespread escalation of urban flood risk across the globe. To effectively mitigate future flood risks, it is crucial to combine a comprehensive examination of intense rainfall events in urban areas with the utilization of detailed hydrodynamic models. This study combines extreme value analysis techniques applied to rainfall data ranging from sub-hourly to daily durations with a high-resolution flood modelling analysis at the building level in the centre of Thessaloniki, Greece. A scaling procedure is employed to rainfall return levels assessed by applying the generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution to annual maximum fine-temporal-scale data, and these scaling laws are then applied to more reliable daily rainfall return levels estimated by means of the generalised Pareto distribution (GPD), in order to develop storm profiles with durations of 1 h and 2 h. The advanced flood model, CityCAT, is then used for the simulation of pluvial flooding, providing reliable assessments of building-level exposure to flooding hazards. The results of the analysis conducted provide insights into flood depths and water flowpaths in the city centre of Thessaloniki, identifying major flowpaths along certain main streets resulting in localised flooding, and identifying around 165 and 186 buildings highly exposed to inundation risk in the study area for 50-year storm events with durations of 1 h and 2 h, respectively. For the first time in this study area, a detailed analysis of extreme rainfall events is combined with a high-resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM), used as an input into the advanced and fully featured CityCAT hydrodynamic model, to assess critical flowpaths and buildings at high flood risk. The results of this study can aid in the planning and design of resilient solutions to combat urban flash floods, as well as contribute to targeted flood damage mitigation and flood risk reduction.
The Use of Saliva Samples to Test for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Newborns: Examination of False-Positive Samples Associated with Donor Milk Use
Authors: Wunderlich Whitney , Sidebottom Abbey C. , Schulte Anna K. , Taghon Jessica , Dollard Sheila , Hernandez-Alvarado Nelmary
Published: August 2023

A universal screening research study was conducted in six hospitals to identify the clinical sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing on newborn dried blood spots (DBSs) versus saliva specimens for the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV). CMV DNA positive results from DBSs or saliva were confirmed with urine testing. Findings of several false-positive (FP) saliva PCR results prompted an examination of a possible association with donor milk. Documentation of the frequency of positive saliva results, including both true-positive (TP) and FP status from clinical confirmation, occurred. The frequency of donor milk use was compared for TP and FP cases. Of 22,079 participants tested between 2016 and 2022, 96 had positive saliva results, 15 were determined to be FP, 79 TP, and 2 were excluded for incomplete clinical evaluation. Newborn donor milk use was identified for 18 (19.14%) of all the positive saliva screens. Among the 15 FPs, 11 (73.33%) consumed donor milk compared to 7 of the 79 TPs (8.8%) (OR 28.29, 95% CI 7.10–112.73, p < 0.001). While milk bank Holder pasteurization inactivates CMV infectivity, CMV DNA may still be detectable. Due to this possible association, screening programs that undertake testing saliva for CMV DNA may benefit from documenting donor milk use as a potential increased risk for FP results.
Use of Intracorporeal Durable LVAD Support in Children Using HVAD or HeartMate 3—A EUROMACS Analysis
Authors: Schweiger Martin , Hussein Hina , de By Theo M. M. H. , Zimpfer Daniel , Sliwka Joanna , Davies Ben , Miera Oliver , Meyns Bart
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The withdrawal of HVAD in 2021 created a concern for the pediatric population. The alternative implantable centrifugal blood pump HeartMate 3 has since been used more frequently in children. This paper analyses the outcome of children on LVAD support provided with an HVAD or HM3. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the EUROMACS database on children supported with VAD < 19 years of age from 1 January 2009 to 1 December 2021 was conducted. All patients with an LVAD and either an HVAD or HM3 were included. Patients with missing data on VAD status and/or missing baseline and/or follow up information were excluded. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate survival differences. Analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: The study included 150 implantations in 142 patients with 128 implants using an HVAD compared to 28 implants using an HM3. Nine patients (6%) needed temporary right ventricular mechanical support, which was significantly higher in the HM3 group, with 25% (p: 0.01). Patients in the HVAD group were significantly younger (12.7 vs. 14.5 years, p: 0.01), weighed less (45.7 vs. 60 kg, p: <0.000) and had lower BSA values (1.3 vs. 1.6 m2, p: <0.000). Median support time was 204 days. Overall, 98 patients (69%) were discharged and sent home, while 87% were discharged in group HM3 (p: ns). A total of 123 children (86%) survived to transplantation, recovery or are ongoing, without differences between groups. In the HVAD group, 10 patients (8%) died while on support, whereas in 12% of HM3 patients died (p: 0.7). Conclusions: Survival in children implanted with an HM3 was excellent. Almost 90% were discharged and sent home on the device.
No Benefits in Using Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod as Temporary Internal Distraction Device in Staged Surgical Procedure for Management of Severe and Neglected Scoliosis in Adolescents
Authors: Grabala Pawel , Chamberlin Kelly , Grabala Michal , Galgano Michael A. , Helenius Ilkka J.
Published: August 2023

Background: Severe spinal curvatures (SSCs) in children and adolescents have long been treated with preoperative Halo traction, in its various variations. There are also several radical techniques available for the management of neglected SSCs, such as osteotomies; however, these can be risky. Comparing the treatment outcomes when using preoperative Halo Gravity Traction (HGT) against the use of a Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod (MCGR) as a temporary internal distraction (TID) device, we evaluated the differences in surgical and radiological outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 30 patients with SSCs, treated with HGT followed by posterior spinal fusion (PSF; Group 1, n = 18) or treated using a temporary MCGR as a TID followed by PSF (Group 2, n = 12). All patients underwent surgical treatment between 2016 and 2022. The inclusion criteria were SSC > 90°, flexibility < 30%, and the use of preoperative HGT followed by PSF or the two-stage surgical procedure with initial TID rod placement (Stage 1) followed by PSF (Stage 2). The evaluated parameters were as follows: rib hump, trunk height, and radiographic outcomes. All parameters were collected preoperatively, after the initial surgery, after final correction and fusion, and during the final follow-up. Results: In Group 1, we evaluated 18 patients with a mean age of 15.5 years; in Group 2, we evaluated 12 patients with a mean age of 14.2 years. The interval between the staged procedures averaged 32.7 days. The mean preoperative main curves (MC) were 118° and 112° in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. After definitive surgery, the MC was corrected to 42° and 44° in G1 and G2, respectively. The mean percentage correction of the MC was similar in both groups (65% vs. 61% in G1 and G2, respectively). The mean preoperative thoracic kyphosis was 92.5° in G1 and 98° in G2, corrected to 43.8° in G1 and 38.8° in G2. Trunk height increased by 9 cm on average. Conclusions: There are no benefits in using a MCGR as a temporary internal distraction device in the management of neglected scoliosis in adolescents. Surgical treatment of severe scoliosis may be safe, with a reduced risk of potential complications, when using preoperative HGT. A specific intraoperative complication when using a MCGR as a temporary internal distraction device was a 50% risk of transient neuromonitoring changes, due to significant force applied to the spine and radical distraction of the spine. We achieved similar clinical, radiographic, and pulmonary function outcomes for both techniques. The use of HGT causes less blood loss with a shorter overall time under anesthesia. Partial correction significantly aids the subsequent operation by facilitating a gradual reduction in the curvature, thereby reducing the difficulty of surgical treatment and the risk of neurological deficits.
Efficiency of Various Tubular Occlusion Agents in Human Dentin after In-Office Tooth Bleaching
Authors: Papazisi Natalia , Dionysopoulos Dimitrios , Naka Olga , Strakas Dimitris , Davidopoulou Sotiria , Tolidis Kosmas
Published: August 2023

The aim of this laboratory study was to investigate and compare the impact of five desensitizing techniques as a treatment fortooth sensitivity on the exposed dentin after an in-office tooth bleaching procedure. Thirty intact human molars were collected for this investigation. The specimens were obtained by transversely cutting 2.5 mm of the crowns, leading to exposure of the dentin. The specimens were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath and treated initially with EDTA gel 15% for 4 min and then with Opalescence Boost bleaching gel (40% H2O2) for two sets of 20 min. Then, the samples were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5) and received one of the following treatments: Group 1 (no treatment—control group), Group 2 (Emofluor gel—0.4% SnF2), Group 3 (MI Paste—CPP-ACPF), Group 4 (BioMinF paste—calcium phospho-fluoro-silicate), Group 5 (air-abrasion with ProSylc—Bioglass 45S5), and Group 6 (Er,Cr:YSGG laser). Subsequently, each sample was observed utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to detect the rate of occlusion of dentin tubules. SEM-EDS analysis revealed no occlusion of the dentin tubules in the control group, while Groups 2, 4, and 5 presented high effectiveness (>95% percentage of occluded tubules), and Groups 3 and 6 presented lower values (21.6 and 26.8%, respectively). It was concluded that althoughall the tested groups presented higher percentages of occlusion of the dentinal tubules compared to the control group, there were differences in effectiveness among them. The most effective treatments were the daily use of BioMinF paste and SnF2-containing gel, as well as air-abrasion with ProSylc powder.
SMS-Coastal, a New Python Tool to Manage MOHID-Based Coastal Operational Models
Authors: Mendonça Fernando , Martins Flávio , Janeiro João
Published: August 2023

This paper presents the Simulation Management System for Operational Coastal Hydrodynamic Models, or SMS-Coastal, and its novel methodology designed to automate forecast simulations of coastal models. Its working principle features a generic framework that can be easily configured for other applications, and it was implemented with the Python programming language. The system consists of three main components: the Forcing Processor, Simulation Manager, and Data Converter, which perform operations such as the management of forecast runs and the download and conversion of external forcing data. The SMS-Coastal was tested on two model realisations using the MOHID System: SOMA, a model of the Algarve coast in Portugal, and BASIC, a model of the Cartagena Bay in Colombia. The tool proved to be generic enough to handle the different aspects of the models, being able to manage both forecast cycles.
Analysis of Sharp Eagle Oscillating Surge Wave Energy Converter Based on a Two-Dimensional Numerical Wave Flume Model
Authors: Sun Liang , Yang Zewang , Chen Mingsheng , Li Fen
Published: August 2023

To investigate the overtopping and slamming phenomena that occur in the interactions between waves and oscillating surge wave energy converters (OSWECs), a two-dimensional numerical wave flume was established using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Fluent by adding the momentum source terms into the original Navier–Stokes equation. Numerical convergence studies of the mesh sizes and time steps were firstly performed to ensure the sufficient accuracy of the numerical model. The variations in the wave heights along the wave propagation direction in the wave-generating area, working area, and wave-absorbing area were analyzed. The dynamics of the flap-type OSWEC were simulated using the overset mesh function embedded in Fluent. In addition, the numerical results were compared with the experimental data, and good agreements were achieved. External torque was applied to the hinge joint of the OSWEC to simulate the forces due to the power take-off (PTO) system, and the identified optimal PTO damping was compared with the numerical results based on the potential flow theory, which verified the correctness of the numerical PTO system. On this basis, nonlinear wave slamming by the sharp-eagle OSWEC was analyzed. The results show that under certain incident wave conditions, the sharp-eagle OSWEC can effectively reduce the maximum rotation angle and angular velocity compared with those of the flap-type OSWEC, and there is no overtopping that occurring for the sharp-eagle OSWEC. Furthermore, the sharp-eagle OSWEC performs better than the flap-type OSWEC.
Applications of Deep Learning Algorithms to Ultrasound Imaging Analysis in Preclinical Studies on In Vivo Animals
Authors: De Rosa Laura , L’Abbate Serena , Kusmic Claudia , Faita Francesco
Published: August 2023

Background and Aim: Ultrasound (US) imaging is increasingly preferred over other more invasive modalities in preclinical studies using animal models. However, this technique has some limitations, mainly related to operator dependence. To overcome some of the current drawbacks, sophisticated data processing models are proposed, in particular artificial intelligence models based on deep learning (DL) networks. This systematic review aims to overview the application of DL algorithms in assisting US analysis of images acquired in in vivo preclinical studies on animal models. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the Scopus and PubMed databases. Studies published from January 2012 to November 2022 that developed DL models on US images acquired in preclinical/animal experimental scenarios were eligible for inclusion. This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: Fifty-six studies were enrolled and classified into five groups based on the anatomical district in which the DL models were used. Sixteen studies focused on the cardiovascular system and fourteen on the abdominal organs. Five studies applied DL networks to images of the musculoskeletal system and eight investigations involved the brain. Thirteen papers, grouped under a miscellaneous category, proposed heterogeneous applications adopting DL systems. Our analysis also highlighted that murine models were the most common animals used in in vivo studies applying DL to US imaging. Conclusion: DL techniques show great potential in terms of US images acquired in preclinical studies using animal models. However, in this scenario, these techniques are still in their early stages, and there is room for improvement, such as sample sizes, data preprocessing, and model interpretability.
Forecasting Day-Ahead Brent Crude Oil Prices Using Hybrid Combinations of Time Series Models
Authors: Iftikhar Hasnain , Zafar Aimel , Turpo-Chaparro Josue E. , Canas Rodrigues Paulo , López-Gonzales Javier Linkolk
Published: August 2023

Crude oil price forecasting is an important research area in the international bulk commodity market. However, as risk factors diversify, price movements exhibit more complex nonlinear behavior. Hence, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of forecasting Brent crude oil prices by comparing various hybrid combinations of linear and nonlinear time series models. To this end, first, the logarithmic transformation is used to stabilize the variance of the crude oil prices time series; second, the original time series of log crude oil prices is decomposed into two new subseries, such as a long-run trend series and a stochastic series, using the Hodrick–Prescott filter; and third, two linear and two nonlinear time series models are considered to forecast the decomposed subseries. Finally, the forecast results for each subseries are combined to obtain the final day-ahead forecast result. The proposed modeling framework is applied to daily Brent spot prices from 1 January 2013 to 27 December 2022. Six different accuracy metrics, pictorial analysis, and a statistical test are performed to verify the proposed methodology’s performance. The experimental results (accuracy measures, pictorial analysis, and statistical test) show the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed hybrid forecasting methodology. Additionally, our forecasting results are comparatively better than the benchmark models. Finally, we believe that the proposed forecasting method can be used for other complex financial time data to obtain highly efficient and accurate forecasts.
P4-HLDMC: A Novel Framework for DDoS and ARP Attack Detection and Mitigation in SD-IoT Networks Using Machine Learning, Stateful P4, and Distributed Multi-Controller Architecture
Authors: Khedr Walid I. , Gouda Ameer E. , Mohamed Ehab R.
Published: August 2023

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) attacks pose significant threats to the security of Software-Defined Internet of Things (SD-IoT) networks. The standard Software-Defined Networking (SDN) architecture faces challenges in effectively detecting, preventing, and mitigating these attacks due to its centralized control and limited intelligence. In this paper, we present P4-HLDMC, a novel collaborative secure framework that combines machine learning (ML), stateful P4, and a hierarchical logically distributed multi-controller architecture. P4-HLDMC overcomes the limitations of the standard SDN architecture, ensuring scalability, performance, and an efficient response to attacks. It comprises four modules: the multi-controller dedicated interface (MCDI) for real-time attack detection through a distributed alert channel (DAC), the MSMPF, a P4-enabled stateful multi-state matching pipeline function for analyzing IoT network traffic using nine state tables, the modified ensemble voting (MEV) algorithm with six classifiers for enhanced detection of anomalies in P4-extracted traffic patterns, and an attack mitigation process distributed among multiple controllers to effectively handle larger-scale attacks. We validate our framework using diverse test cases and real-world IoT network traffic datasets, demonstrating high detection rates, low false-alarm rates, low latency, and short detection times compared to existing methods. Our work introduces the first integrated framework combining ML, stateful P4, and SDN-based multi-controller architecture for DDoS and ARP detection in IoT networks.
Robust Control for Torque Minimization in Wind Hybrid Generators: An H∞ Approach
Authors: Mseddi Amina , Naifar Omar , Rhaima Mohamed , Mchiri Lassaad , Ben Makhlouf Abdellatif
Published: August 2023

This study focuses on implementing a wind turbine emulator based on a permanent magnet synchronous machine with excitation auxiliary windings and thoroughly investigates the space harmonics created by this innovative topology in MATLAB/Simulink. A Hybrid Generator (HG) is a robust generator that does not have slip rings or brushes in its structure. Furthermore, the flux of the hybrid generator HG may be easily adjusted as it is created by direct current excitation coils and permanent magnets. Unfortunately, the space harmonic rate in the HG is relatively high. In other words, the mechanical vibrations caused by the electromagnetic torque ripple threaten the drive train’s behaviour and, ultimately, the wind turbine’s lifespan. This study describes two methods for decreasing the ripple in electromagnetic torque. Both circuit architecture and robust H∞ control techniques are considered. After simulating the two approaches, a list of requirements is provided for the maximum allowable amplitude of the inductance and the flux harmonics.
Generating Robust Optimal Mixture Designs Due to Missing Observation Using a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Limmun Wanida , Chomtee Boonorm , Borkowski John J.
Published: August 2023

Missing observation is a common problem in scientific and industrial experiments, particularly in a small-scale experiment. They often present significant challenges when experiment repetition is infeasible. In this research, we propose a multi-objective genetic algorithm as a practical alternative for generating optimal mixture designs that remain robust in the face of missing observation. Our algorithm prioritizes designs that exhibit superior D-efficiency while maintaining a high minimum D-efficiency due to missing observations. The focus on D-efficiency stems from its ability to minimize the impact of missing observations on parameter estimates, ensure reliability across the experimental space, and maximize the utility of available data. We study problems with three mixture components where the experimental region is an irregularly shaped polyhedral within the simplex. Our designs have proven to be D-optimal designs, demonstrating exceptional performance in terms of D-efficiency and robustness to missing observations. We provide a well-distributed set of optimal designs derived from the Pareto front, enabling experimenters to select the most suitable design based on their priorities using the desirability function.
Cyberbullying Detection on Twitter Using Deep Learning-Based Attention Mechanisms and Continuous Bag of Words Feature Extraction
Authors: Fati Suliman Mohamed , Muneer Amgad , Alwadain Ayed , Balogun Abdullateef O.
Published: August 2023

Since social media platforms are widely used and popular, they have given us more opportunities than we can even imagine. Despite all of the known benefits, some users may abuse these opportunities to humiliate, insult, bully, and harass other people. This issue explains why there is a need to reduce such negative activities and create a safe cyberspace for innocent people by detecting cyberbullying activity. This study provides a comparative analysis of deep learning methods used to test and evaluate their effectiveness regarding a well-known global Twitter dataset. To recognize abusive tweets and overcome existing challenges, attention-based deep learning methods are introduced. The word2vec with CBOW concatenated formed the weights included in the embedding layer and was used to extract the features. The feature vector was input into a convolution and pooling mechanism, reducing the feature dimensionality while learning the position-invariant of the offensive words. A SoftMax function predicts feature classification. Using benchmark experimental datasets and well-known evaluation measures, the convolutional neural network model with attention-based long- and short-term memory was found to outperform other DL methods. The proposed cyberbullying detection methods were evaluated using benchmark experimental datasets and well-known evaluation measures. Finally, the results demonstrated the superiority of the attention-based 1D convolutional long short-term memory (Conv1DLSTM) classifier over the other implemented methods.
Recent Advances in the Utilization of Tungsten Residue: A Mini Review of China
Authors: Deng Pan , Cheng Lili , Li Alin , Zeng Zhiyong , Liao Chunfa
Published: August 2023

As a metal of strategic value, tungsten plays an important part in civil and military applications. Currently, China is the biggest tungsten producer all over the world, and the metallic smelting technologies for tungsten are well established. However, the harmless recovery and treatment procedures for tungsten residue remain rather underdeveloped. The treatment of tungsten residue generally includes the recovery of valuable metals (e.g., scandium, tantalum, and niobium) and the solidification of toxic elements (e.g., arsenic, lead, and chromium), which may control the transfer of these elements and metals. If treated improperly, the resource of tungsten residue may be wasted, and potential environmental risks could arise. Therefore, the safe disposition of tungsten residue has become the limit factor and an urgent problem to be solved for the sustainable development of tungsten-related industries. In this regard, we reviewed the industrial background of tungsten and the composition and toxicity characteristics of tungsten residue. In addition, particular attention was paid to the harmless utilization processes and technologies for tungsten residue, which were then systematically compared in terms of the applicable situations as well as their advantages and shortcomings. Finally, the development trend for the harmless utilization of tungsten residue was discussed, and some proposals for further studies were provided.
Classification-Based Evaluation of Multi-Ingredient Dish Using Graphene-Modified Interdigital Electrodes
Authors: Zhu Hongwu , Xu Yongyuan , Liu Shengkai , He Xuchun , Ding Ning
Published: August 2023

A taste sensor with global selectivity can be used to discriminate taste of foods and provide evaluations. Interfaces that could interact with broad food ingredients are beneficial for data collection. Here, we prepared electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO)-modified interdigital electrodes. The interfaces of modified electrodes showed good sensitivity towards cooking condiments in mixed multi-ingredients solutions under electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A database of EIS of cooking condiments was established. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA), subsets of three taste dimensions were classified, which could distinguish an unknown dish from a standard dish. Further, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the electrodes on a typical dish of scrambled eggs with tomato. Our kind of electronic tongue did not measure the quantitation of each ingredient, instead relying on the database and classification algorithm. This method is facile and offers a universal approach to simultaneously identifying multiple ingredients.
Migration Study of Dielectrophoretically Manipulated Red Blood Cells in Tapered Aluminium Microelectrode Array: A Pilot Study
Authors: Samad Muhammad Izzuddin Abd , Ponnuthurai Darven Raj , Badrudin Syazwani Izrah , Ali Mohd Anuar Mohd , Razak Mohd Azhar Abdul , Buyong Muhamad Ramdzan , Latif Rhonira
Published: August 2023

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is one of the microfluid-based techniques that can manipulate the red blood cells (RBC) for blood plasma separation, which is used in many medical screening/diagnosis applications. The tapered aluminium microelectrode array (TAMA) is fabricated for potential sensitivity enhancement of RBC manipulation in lateral and vertical directions. In this paper, the migration properties of dielectrophoretically manipulated RBC in TAMA platform are studied at different peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp) and duration supplied onto the microelectrodes. Positive DEP manipulation is conducted at 440 kHz with the RBC of 4.00 ± 0.2 µm average radius attracted to the higher electric field intensity regions, which are the microelectrodes. High percentage of RBC migration occurred at longer manipulation time and high electrode voltage. During DEP manipulation, the RBC are postulated to levitate upwards, experience the electro-orientation mechanism and form the pearl chains before migrating to the electrodes. The presence of external forces other than the dielectrophoretic force may also affect the migration response of RBC. The safe operating limit of 10 Vpp and manipulation duration of ≤50 s prevent RBC rupture while providing high migration percentage. It is crucial to define the safe working region for TAMA devices that manipulate small RBC volume (~10 µL).
Improved Bond Strength Performance of Geopolymer Mortars: Role of High Volume Ground Blast Furnace Slag, Fly Ash, and Palm Oil Fuel Ash Incorporation
Authors: Huseien Ghasan Fahim , Hussein Zahraa J. , Kubba Ziyad , Mikhail Nikolaevich Bryukhov , Mirza Jahangir
Published: August 2023

Alkali-activated binders have become popular in the construction industry for their eco-friendly attributes. Various wastes from industries and agricultural sectors containing high concentrations of aluminosilicate and calcium oxides can be used to design these binders. This study evaluated the effect of high-volume granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, and palm oil fuel ash additions on the bond strength performance of the proposed geopolymer mortars. Various levels of slag (50, 60, and 70%) and fly ash were substituted by palm oil fuel ash to determine the impact of SiO2:Al2O3, CaO:SiO2, and CaO:Al2O3 and their proportions on the geopolymerization process and the strength performance of the designed mortars. The bond strength performance of the mortars was assessed in terms of slant shear, flexural, and splitting tensile strength tests. The mineral properties of the designed mortars were obtained using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared measurements. The incorporation of fly ash and palm oil fuel ash in the mortars caused a considerable decrease in the CaO:SiO2 and CaO:Al2O3 ratios, thus reducing the geopolymerization process and strength performance. The reduction in slag from 70% to 50% was counterbalanced by the increasing content of fly ash and palm oil fuel ash, which led to a drop in the compressive strength from 97 MPa to 56 MPa. In each level of slag, the replacement of fly ash by up to 10% palm oil fuel ash added more loss in strength values. In addition, the surface morphology of prepared mortars with lower palm oil fuel ash content was significantly enhanced, indicating the presence of less porosity and unreacted particles. The achieved mortars were asserted to be extremely well matched with the concrete substrates, offering effective binders for widespread construction uses.
First Terrestrial Occurrence of Kaitianite (Ti3+2Ti4+O5) from the Upper Mantle beneath Mount Carmel, Israel
Authors: Ma Chi , Cámara Fernando , Bindi Luca , Toledo Vered , Griffin William
Published: August 2023

Our nanomineralogical investigation of melt inclusions in corundum xenoliths from the Mount Carmel area, Israel, has revealed seven IMA-approved new minerals since 2021. We report here the first terrestrial occurrence of kaitianite (Ti3+2Ti4+O5). Kaitianite occurs as exsolution lamellae in tistarite (Ti2O3), in a melt inclusions together with a Ti,Al,Zr-oxide, a MgTi3+2Al4SiO12 phase, spinel, sapphirine, Ti-sulfide, alabandite, and Si-rich glass in a corundum grain (Grain 1125C2). The chemical composition of kaitianite using electron probe microanalysis is (wt%) Ti2O3 58.04, TiO2 37.82, Al2O3 2.87, MgO 0.85, ZrO2 0.10, CaO 0.02, SiO2 0.02, sum 99.73, yielding an empirical formula of (Ti3+1.78Al0.12Ti4+0.05Mg0.05)(Ti4+1.00)O5, with the Ti3+ and Ti4+ partitioned, assuming a stoichiometry of three cations and five oxygen anions pfu. Electron back-scatter diffraction reveals that kaitianite has the monoclinic C2/c γ-Ti3O5-type structure with cell parameters: a = 10.12 Å, b = 5.07 Å, c = 7.18 Å, β = 112°, V = 342 Å3, and Z = 4. Kaitianite is a high-temperature oxide phase, formed in melt pockets under reduced conditions in corundum-aggregate xenoliths derived from the upper mantle beneath Mount Carmel, Israel.
Effects of Condensed Tannins on Bacterial and Fungal Communities during Aerobic Exposure of Sainfoin Silage
Authors: Huang Rongzheng , Ma Chunhui , Zhang Fanfan , Wang Xuzhe
Published: August 2023

Background: Sainfoin is a forage legume that is widely distributed around the world and is beneficial for animals owing to the characteristics of its condensed tannins (CTs), which, from certain plants, can prolong the aerobic stability of silage. Methods: The present study investigated whether sainfoin CTs can prolong aerobic stability by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) to inactivate CT activity in the silage system. Results: The results showed that aerobic stability increased under the PEG treatment (p < 0.05). Ammonia nitrogen (0.71 g/kg DM vs. 0.94 g/kg DM; p < 0.05) was higher in the PEG-treated group compared with the control after 3 d of aerobic exposure. BA was detected only in the PEG-treated group upon aerobic exposure. Yeasts were more abundant in the control compared with the PEG-treated group after 7 d of aerobic exposure, after which the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was lower in the PEG-treated group (65.01% vs. 75.01% in the control; p < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Pediococcus was higher in the PEG-treated group compared with the control (10.9% vs. 4.49%, respectively; p < 0.05).The relative abundances of Apiotrichum and Aspergillus were lower in the control than in the PEG-treated group after 7 d of aerobic exposure. Conclusions: The results suggested that sainfoin CTs decreased aerobic stability, but could inhibit certain bacteria and fungi, such as Pediococcus and Apiotrichum, and preserve the protein content during the aerobic exposure of silage.
Cryptogamic Biomass in Pannonic Acidic Sand Steppes Subject to Changing Land-Use
Authors: Aszalósné Balogh Rebeka , Farkas Edit , Tüdősné Budai Júlia , Lőkös László , Matus Gábor
Published: August 2023

Cryptogams, often neglected in vegetation dynamics studies, compose a large part of biomass and contribute to the biodiversity of sandy grasslands. Since the work of Verseghy (1970s), their productivity has not been analyzed in Hungary. We studied the lichen and bryophyte dynamics (hereinafter called cryptogams) at two Eastern Hungarian dry sandy grassland sites. The sites of Corynephorus canescens and of Festuca vaginata dominance, respectively, belonging to the community Festuco vaginatae–Corynephoretum have been monitored. We aimed at (1) quantifying the diversity and biomass of the cryptogamic communities; (2) exploring the cryptogamic response to management changes; and (3) studying the effect of experimental management (fencing) on the cryptogamic assemblages. The sites have been compared in 2013 and 2018, respectively. Forty microplots per site per management have been analyzed in both years. Samples of lichens and bryophytes were hand-sorted, dried and then measured. Fencing has led to increased biomass of cryptogams within a few years. Lichens in general benefited comparatively more from exclosure than bryophytes. The increase in lichen biomass (especially that of Cladonia rangiformis) is clearly due to the over 10-year absence of grazing. The only lichen favored by moderate grazing is the legally protected C. magyarica. Short spells of low-intensity grazing can promote the species richness of cryptogams in the community.
Single-Bubble Rising in Shear-Thinning and Elastoviscoplastic Fluids Using a Geometric Volume of Fluid Algorithm
Authors: Fakhari Ahmad , Fernandes Célio
Published: August 2023

The motion of air bubbles within a liquid plays a crucial role in various aspects including heat transfer and material quality. In the context of non-Newtonian fluids, such as elastoviscoplastic fluids, the presence of air bubbles significantly influences the viscosity of the liquid. This study presents the development of an interface-capturing method for multiphase viscoelastic fluid flow simulations. The proposed algorithm utilizes a geometric volume of fluid (isoAdvector) approach and incorporates a reconstructed distance function (RDF) to determine interface curvature instead of relying on volume fraction gradients. Additionally, a piecewise linear interface construction (PLIC) scheme is employed in conjunction with the RDF-based interface reconstruction for improved accuracy and robustness. The validation of the multiphase viscoelastic PLIC-RDF isoAdvector (MVP-RIA) algorithm involved simulations of the buoyancy-driven rise of a bubble in fluids with varying degrees of rheological complexity. First, the newly developed algorithm was applied to investigate the buoyancy-driven rise of a bubble in a Newtonian fluid on an unbounded domain. The results show excellent agreement with experimental and theoretical findings, capturing the bubble shape and velocity accurately. Next, the algorithm was extended to simulate the buoyancy-driven rise of a bubble in a viscoelastic shear-thinning fluid described by the Giesekus constitutive model. As the influence of normal stress surpasses surface tension, the bubble shape undergoes a transition to a prolate or teardrop shape, often exhibiting a cusp at the bubble tail. This is in contrast to the spherical, ellipsoidal, or spherical-cap shapes observed in the first case study with a bubble in a Newtonian fluid. Lastly, the algorithm was employed to study the buoyancy-driven rise of a bubble in an unbounded elastoviscoplastic medium, modeled using the Saramito–Herschel–Bulkley constitutive equation. It was observed that in very small air bubbles within the elastoviscoplastic fluid, the dominance of elasticity and capillary forces restricts the degree of bubble deformation. As the bubble volume increases, lateral stretching becomes prominent, resulting in the emergence of two tails. Ultimately, a highly elongated bubble shape with sharper tails is observed. The results show that by applying the newly developed MVP-RIA algorithm, with a tangible coarser grid compared to the algebraic VOF method, an accurate solution is achieved. This will open doors to plenty of applications such as bubble columns in reactors, oil and gas mixtures, 3D printing, polymer processing, etc.
Ribât in Early Islamic Ifrîqiya: Another Islam from the Edge
Authors: Van Staëvel Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2023

After a difficult conquest under the Umayyads, the eastern Maghreb or Ifrîqiya region was turned into the western borderland of the Abbasid Empire in the second half of the 8th century, and its governance was soon delegated to the Aghlabid Emirate (800–909). In this context, the Sahel (or Ifriqîyan coastline) quickly became a major centre of asceticism and pious collective retreat in places dedicated to ribât activities. This practice provided a framework for the life of devout people who kept a watchful eye on the Byzantine enemy while zealously performing their devotions. A genuine frontier society of religious men and devotees, ascetics and traditionalists arose in this burgeoning coastal fringe. Over the last two decades, this topic has given rise to a very rich historiography, notably produced by Tunisian researchers who have profoundly renewed our understanding. Based on these considerable achievements, the present contribution proposes to broaden the analysis in order to show how the rise of this movement of warrior piety, advocating an ideal of jihâd, must be related to a more global phenomenon, considered at the scale of the Abbasid Empire. Remaining in a comparative dimension, this article also proposes several approaches to the specific architecture of ribât sites, especially the place devoted to the community mosque.