bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La difficile reconnaissance de « l’expertise parentale »
Authors: Miron Jean-Marie , Tochon François
Published: July 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una reflexión acerca de los riesgos de usurpación de la competencia de los padres por falta de reconocimiento de sus saberes de actuación por parte de los profesionales que obran para los niños y las familias. A pesar de su excelente formación, ¿ siempre pueden sustituirse a los padres para proponer estrategias los que intervienen socialmente ? Queda planteada la relación a veces difícil entre los saberes de los profesionales y los saberes de actuación de los padres. Primero el artículo sitúa la tarea de los padres y después se propone definir la competencia de éstos a partir de los trabajos sobre la construcción de saberes de actuación. Se analizan dos situaciones en las que los riesgos de usurpación de competencia parecen elevados : la relación entre los padres y la escuela, y el contexto de las formaciones de los padres. Con objeto de una mutualización de las competencias, la construcción de saberes prácticos propios de la educación de los niños se considera en un contexto de experiencia cualificante para los padres.
De l’analyse du travail à l’analyse des pratiques enseignantes
Authors: Gomez Florent
Published: July 2016

Définie comme «l’intervention d’un opérateur humain dans un processus de transformation d’une réalité en une autre réalité normée, au sein d’un environnement matériel, social ou symbolique » , la pratique se présente comme un flux informationnel. Son analyse s’appuie sur des situations de formation basées sur la rétrospection, l’anticipation ou l’interaction simulée. Les situations permettent l’émergence d’épisodes professionnels, le choix d’un type étant fonction des objets et/ ou des objectifs assignés à la formation. Des outils plutôt centrés sur l’action ou plutôt centrés sur l’acteur facilitent le repérage, l’explicitation, l’interprétation et l’enrichissement des éléments de pratique travaillés. L’analyse de pratique, isolant et recombinant en une construction signifiante des éléments de la vie au travail, peut contribuer, non seulement à explorer l’autonomie et la responsabilité de l’acteur, mais aussi à assurer une meilleure maîtrise de son activité.
La mémoire des pratiques : son rôle dans la construction de la professionnalité des professeurs d’école en formation initiale
Authors: Gondrand Hélène
Published: July 2016

Comment les professeurs d’école construisent-ils leur professionnalité en formation initiale ? Après avoir défini la professionnalité comme un système dynamique articulant conceptions du métier, connaissances professionnelles et mémoire des pratiques, nous en avons mis en évidence les évolutions à des moments clés de la formation. Dans cet article, nous analysons en particulier les caractéristiques de la mémoire des pratiques (constituée d’un vivier des pratiques possibles et d’un répertoire de pratiques), et mettons en évidence ses modalités de constitution, de structuration et de mobilisation par les enseignants débutants.
Travailler ensemble dans l’enseignement secondaire en France et en Angleterre
Authors: Malet Régis , Brisard Estelle
Published: July 2016

Trabajar juntos en la enseñanza media en Francia y en Inglaterra

Tanto en Francia como en Inglaterra, se les incita a los docentes a desarrollar formas de trabajo más concertadas. Sin embargo, esta instigación, incluso a veces esta exhortación a una colegialidad reforzada se expresan bajo formas especificas en los dos países, y los docentes y más ampliamente los colectivos de establecimiento se las apropian de manera diferente según identidades profesionales, marcos de la institución y recursos organizacionales específicos. Se analizan aquí las formas de implicación de los docentes de la enseñanza media francesa e inglesa en sus dimensiones culturales, políticasy organizacionales.
Décentralisation et nouvelle gouverne scolaire au Québec : le point de vue du personnel enseignant sur les conseils d’établissement
Authors: Deniger Marc-André , Berthelot Jocelyn , Roy Gilles
Published: July 2016

Dezentralisierung und Schulsteuerung in Quebec : Der Standpunkt der Lehrer über Schulkonferenzen

Dieser Text erklärt einige Schlussfolgerungen von einer Untersuchung der Schulkonferenzen (SK), der neuen Struktur einer politischen Teilnahme der öffentlichen Schulen in Quebec. Nachdem wir den Ursprung dieses neuen Modells von Schulsteuerung definiert haben und seine Spezifität erfasst haben, diskutieren wir über die Qualität der politischen Vertretung der Lehrer, ihre Motivation, an den SK teilzunehmen, ihre Meinungen, über die Dezentralisierung, die den SK übertragenen Macht und die mutmaßlichen, dieser neuen örtlichen Instanz von Schulsteuerung eigenen Wirkungen.
Articulation « théorie-pratique » dans la formation des élèves-professeurs tunisiens d’éducation physique : conceptions des formateurs et des formés
Authors: Bali Naila
Published: July 2016

The link between theory and practice in the training of Tunisian physical training student-teachers : trainers’ and trainees’ conceptions

From an epistemological and educational point of view, this study analyses the conceptions of the link between theory and practice that biophysics and physical training teachers and their student teachers have, in Tunisian Superior Institutes of Sport and Physical Training. The results of this empirical research have revealed the near lack of functional link between the teachinglearning of biophysics and the teaching-learning of gymnastics. The discussion on these results focuses on the consequence of this dichotomy which has repercussions on the student teachers’ training.
Sur la formation des pratiques des enseignants de mathématiques du second degré
Authors: Robert Aline
Published: July 2016

The training of secondary school mathematics teachers’ practices

In this paper, we present hypothesis on the training in the practices of maths teachers (in junior and senior high schools) which have been brought out, both from the existing general research work on this subject, and from our own research in mathematics didactics on teachers’ practices. A precise example allows us to illustrate the different points. First, some of our results on these practices are summed up and, in conclusion, research prospects are proposed to assess some training sessions.
Formation continue des enseignants : la question de l’altération des formateurs
Authors: Trinquier Marie-Pierre
Published: July 2016

Teacher’s in-service training : the question of the alteration of trainers

In in-service training, the question of alteration, namely the transformation of the subject during the training action, concerns both trainer and trainees. This change is not systematic. It appears, for example, when they are faced with teachers who wish to wonder about the meaning of their profession or the relevance of the tools recommended by their institution. Thus, the trainers may ask the teachers to express themselves on the practicality of the tools they propose, or help them develop a contextual reflection analysing the complexity of teaching situations.
Mythes d’accompagnement et représentations des pratiques de tutorat dans la formation des maîtres
Authors: Violet Dominique
Published: July 2016

L’analyse quantitative des représentations de tuteurs laisse entrevoir des contradictions. Trois figures de la mythologie grecque permettent d’interpréter ces représentations. À la lumière du mythe de Prométhée, l’accompagnement du stagiaire se conçoit comme une aide directe. Dans la perspective d’Hermès, l’accompagnement se fait de biais, pour ainsi dire. La méthode, voire la « non-méthode » d’accompagnement issue du mythe d’Epiméthée, est une troisième voie qui suspend momentanément les limites des stratégies précédentes. Face à la complexité des situations de tutorat, l’originalité de la fonction de tuteur procède de la complémentarité des trois modèles d’accompagnement.
La globalisation de l’innovation analysée par les données de brevets
Authors: Danguy Jérôme
Published: July 2016

Dans une économie de plus en plus mondialisée, cet article vise à mieux comprendre la globalisation de l’innovation en analysant les données de brevets. Deux phénomènes principaux de globalisation de l’innovation sont soulignés. Premièrement, l’analyse de la relation entre les activités de recherche et développement et le nombre croissant de dépôts de brevets met en évidence une plus forte globalisation de la protection de l’innovation. Les entreprises innovantes visant davantage les marchés mondiaux ont une plus forte tendance à protéger leurs produits innovants par des dépôts de brevets dans un plus grand nombre de pays. Deuxièmement, la richesse d’informations disponibles dans les données de brevets permet de confirmer une forte hausse de la globalisation de la production de l’innovation et de mieux analyser les dynamiques à travers les secteurs industriels d’un grand nombre de pays. Les résultats suggèrent, d’une part, que la globalisation de l’innovation est d’autant plus poussée dans les secteurs industriels au sein desquels les pays présentent des faiblesses technologiques. La globalisation de l’innovation est donc un moyen pour augmenter leur base de connaissances et acquérir à l’étranger de nouvelles compétences technologiques. D’autre part, l’intensité des collaborations innovantes entre partenaires internationaux est renforcée par le partage de connaissances technologiques spécifiques à leur secteur industriel et par la mise en commun de nouvelles connaissances multidisciplinaires. Ces résultats confirment l’intérêt des politiques publiques qui visent à développer des clusters entre innovateurs à la pointe de leur secteur industriel, tout en assurant un échange de connaissances transversales et multidisciplinaires.
Assessing the Impact of Carbon Taxation on sectoral Competitiveness: the Case of Belgium
Authors: Gonne Nicolas
Published: July 2016

Cet article présente une méthode flexible permettant d’évaluer l’impact hétérogène de politiques environnementales asymétriques sur la compétitivité sectorielle. Sur base de l’analyse entrées-sorties et en ayant recours aux comptes nationaux, on construit des mesures sectorielles de l’intensité en émissions de dioxyde de carbone de la production, ainsi que de l’exposition à la concurrence internationale. On utilise ces mesures pour évaluer quantitativement l’impact d’une taxe carbone sur la compétitivité-prix à un niveau fin de désagrégation sectorielle. Cette méthode est appliquée au cas de la Belgique.
La gouvernance et le financement de l’enseignement supérieur : une approche microéconomique
Authors: Jacqmin Julien
Published: July 2016

Cet article examine le fonctionnement de l’enseignement supérieur via une approche microéconomique. Il offre une synthèse des travaux menés lors de ma thèse de doctorat qui s’intéresse aux problèmes de financement et de gouvernance auxquels font face les établissements de ce secteur. Premièrement, le lien entre le financement public du secteur et l’émergence de certains types d’institutions est étudié. Ensuite, un modèle mettant en exergue le rôle de la composition du conseil d’administration est présenté. La dernière partie porte sur les conséquences d’une dérégulation des frais d’inscription. En conclusion, quelques aspects de l’enseignement supérieur en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles sont présentés à la lumière des différents points abordés. Classification JEL : I23, I28, L3
Mismatch éducatif, mismatch de compétences et salaires des travailleurs
Authors: Vermeylen Guillaume
Published: July 2016

Cet article analyse l’impact sur les salaires du mismatch éducatif et du mismatch de compétences en utilisant une base de données en coupe transversale relative aux vingt-huit pays européens. Les résultats montrent que la sur-éducation conduit à une pénalité salariale, mais également que l’interaction entre le mismatch éducatif et le mismatch de compétences suggère que la pénalité salariale maximale est atteinte lorsque le travailleur est à la fois sur-éduqué et sur-compétent. Classification JEL : J21, J24
Nitzschia imae sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta, Nitzschiaceae) from Iceland, with a redescription of Hannaea arcus var. linearis
Authors: Álvarez-Blanco Irene , Blanco Saúl
Published: July 2016

From field-collected samples, two Icelandic diatom species were studied under light and electron microscopy, resulting in a newly described species and an emended description with a nomenclatural status change. A discussion on the morphological features of these taxa and their taxonomic affinities with related species is presented. Nitzschia imae is described from Blue Lagoon, south-west Iceland. The main diagnostic criteria include the presence of two differences morphotypes, one with obtusely rounded apices and the other with slightly asymmetrical valve outline and broadly rounded apices. Additionally, we propose an emended description for Hannaea arcus var. linearis since there is no concordance between morphometric features in the protologue and the type illustration.
Biopolíticas en el mundo ibérico contemporáneo
Authors: Vázquez García Francisco
Published: July 2016

No disponible
Introducción: Las Ciencias de la Tierra y la historia de la geología en México
Authors: Uribe Salas José Alfredo
Published: July 2016

No disponible
Introducción: En torno al origen del primer alienismo
Authors: Stagnaro Juan Carlos
Published: July 2016

No disponible
Estudio preliminar del ajuste entre datos meteorológicos in situ y del Reanálisis (NCEP/NCAR) en distintos ambientes de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Luján Bustos María , Ferrelli Federico , Huamantinco Cisneros María Andrea , Piccolo María Cintia , Gil Verónica
Published: July 2016

No disponible
Política de vivienda en la zona metropolitana del valle de México: entre la gentrificación y la segregación
Authors: Salinas Arreortua Luis Alberto
Published: July 2016

No disponible
Distribución de plantas vasculares a escala local. Taxones con mayor ocupación geográfica en Ambite y Utande (La Alcarria Occidental)
Authors: García-Abad Alonso Juan Javier
Published: July 2016

Se aplica la Metodología de Índices de Ocupación de la Flora, presentada en un artículo anterior, en dos cuadrículas de 100 km2 pertenecientes a La Alcarria Occidental, pero localizadas en sectores diferentes (Ambite, 30TVK86, y Utande, 30TWL02), con objeto de conocer y comparar las distribuciones geográficas de la presencia y abundancia de plantas vasculares a escala local. Se exponen ampliamente los factores geográficos diferenciales que inciden en la ocupación de la flora. Se presentan el método de análisis y la elaboración de la cartografía corológica para cuatro resoluciones cartográficas diferentes (1, 4, 25 y 100 km2). Se muestran y se comentan fitogeográficamente los resultados de los doce taxones con mayor IOP en el conjunto de las dos cuadrículas: Genista scorpius, Quercus ilex subsp. ballota, Thymus vulgaris, Helianthemum cinereum subsp. rotundifolium, Brachypodium retusum, Thymus zygis subsp. sylvestris, Lavandula latifolia, Dactylis hispanica, Rosmarinus officinalis, Koeleria vallesiana, Quercus faginea y Salvia lavandulifolia.
Geopolítica e hidrocarburos: Las prospecciones petrolíferas en el área canario-sahariana (1940-1980)
Authors: Martín Fernández Carlos S. , Martín Martín Víctor O.
Published: July 2016

El área canario-sahariana ocupa una zona muy particular que ha despertado históricamente un notable interés socioeconómico. En primer lugar por ser la intersección de varias rutas comerciales. También por la productividad de su banco pesquero y por la existencia de importantes yacimientos de hidrocarburos. Este último recurso ha despertado la ambición de las grandes transnacionales desde hace décadas. Este artículo viene a destacar el gran recorrido histórico que ha tenido la búsqueda de hidrocarburos en la zona, deteniéndose en el periodo 1940-1980.
Los suelos de Casapalma (Valle del Guadalhorce, Málaga). Análisis edafogeográfico aplicado a la ordenación del territorio
Authors: Rodrigo Comino Jesús , Ferre Bueno Emilio , Senciales José María
Published: July 2016

Se presenta un estudio sobre suelos desde un punto de vista edafogeográfico, cuya área experimental está localizada en un medio mediterráneo dentro de un territorio tradicionalmente agrícola como el Valle del Guadalhorce en la provincia de Málaga (España). La geografía del suelo es una disciplina que pretende estudiar las causas de la distribución de los tipos de mantos edáficos a lo largo del medio y su relación con el ser humano. Para dicho fin, en este trabajo se parte de la elaboración de un mapa de unidades de diagnóstico de origen geomorfológico del ITC (Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, Países Bajos) y la cartografía edafológica del proyecto LUCDEME. Tras reescalar y homogeneizar dicha información de partida, se obtiene un mapa final de unidades geomorfoedáficas donde las asociaciones predominantes son: Fluvisol cálcico con Cambisol calcárico y Calcisol háplico con Vertisol háplico. Al no existir perfiles con información de las propiedades físicas y químicas para todas las asociaciones edafológicas obtenidas, se ha extrapolado dichos análisis desde resultados a partir de datos de perfiles periféricos (pH, materia orgánica, textura y relación C/N). Con esta acción, se demuestra que la cartografía resultante no es recomendable para su uso como herramienta para la ordenación del territorio.
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN POSTURAL RE-BALANCED ABILITY DURING A CONTINUOUS AND UNEXPECTED PERTURBATION INTEGRATED WITH VIRTUAL REALITY SCENES
Authors: Chang Chun-Ju , Chern Jen-Suh , Yang Tsui-Fen , Yang Sai-Wei
Published: July 2016

The degeneration of sensory and motor systems due to aging could affect the elderly’s posture and increase the risk of falling. The strategies applied to maintain postural stability might be different between ages, especially in the condition requiring both proprioception and vision sensorimotor coupling. This study proposed a novel sensorimotor assessment protocol to evaluate the postural control ability across the aging process, by using the computerized dynamic posturography and the virtual reality (VR) system. Ten young and 20 elderly healthy adults without fall experience were recruited, and were assessed on a continuous-perturbed platform with or without the VR-based visual interference in a random sequence. Measured variables of the center of pressure as well as the weight-bearing ratio were analyzed and compared. Results showed that the postural sway was significantly larger in all subjects under the VR condition, but the young subjects could rapidly adjust the body to regain postural stability in a rhythmic and symmetric manner; whereas, the elderly adults performed less effectively in postural response. We suggested that the application of the multiple sensation disturbances with VR could effectively evaluate the postural control ability among the healthy elderly. The proposed assessing protocol is also recommended for training the sensorimotor integration to improve the dynamic postural control ability.
Legal Considerations of Providing Information in Support of Distance Learning by Digital Libraries in Universities in Kenya
Authors: Otike Japhet
Published: July 2016

This paper examines the legal challenges librarians managing university libraries in Kenya experience when providing information services in support of distance learning. Kenya is experiencing enormous socio-economic changes. These changes have exerted serious pressure on higher education resulting to phenomenal expansion of university education. Unfortunately, the demand for university education has not translated into infrastructural expansion of universities. While university intake continues to grow at an alarming rate, funding for universities including libraries continue to diminish. An option taken by many universities to meet increased demand for higher education has been to invest in distance education. This option has its own challenges. Distance learning like residential programmes, require adequate financial investment in print and electronic information resources; and ICT infrastructure. Since libraries in Kenya are underfunded, they are compelled to reproduce the scarce materials available with them to serve distant learners as opposed to acquiring additional materials. This arrangement has equally serious challenges. Top on the list is copyright infringement. Without adequate exceptions and limitations to copyright restrictions, university authorities and librarians are likely to be charged for infringement.
Digital Libraries and Copyright Issues
Authors: Tella Adeyinka , Oyeniran Saheed , Ojo Olubukola James
Published: July 2016

This chapter examined digital libraries and copyright issues. It considered several issues such as the meaning of digital libraries, the characteristics, functions, digital scholarship services, copyright and the materials that can be and cannot be copyrighted, fair use of library materials, reservation for general use, access to electronic copies, guidelines for fair use in the digital libraries, library reproduction and re-distribution and inter-library loan. The chapter concludes that, reading through this chapter, undergraduates, academics and other library users will have a good understanding of what the digital libraries are and copyright issue all of which are considered very important and germane as we approach paperless society.
An Attempt of the Commercial Film Production Support System Based on the Image Rhetoric of Commercial Film
Authors: Kawamura Yoji
Published: July 2016

This chapter describes the concepts behind a Commercial Film Production Support System (CFPSS) in terms of related studies in the areas of advertising, image techniques and rhetoric, cognitive science, and information engineering. The chapter then analyzes the structure of commercial films to establish and describe an information system that is tested with a viewing experiment. The proposed system reflects the environment by implementing basic image techniques to create commercial films through an interaction between the users and the system. The experiment uses commercial films for beer with 55 participants. The results show that evaluations for image types related to the advertising story generate the most interest and high evaluations for the provider type of rhetoric stimulates willingness to buy. In terms of technique, mise-en-scène and editing attracts interest, and the advertising story associated with the product function and the supporting production and distribution stimulates willingness to buy.
Can Computers Create Comics and Animations?
Authors: Ueno Miki , Fukuda Kiyohito , Mori Naoki
Published: July 2016

The objective of this chapter is to develop a method for generating and analyzing creative work by using computers. In this chapter, novels, comics, and animations are considered representative creative work because the main method for representing creative work is the use of natural language and pictures. These works focus on interesting issues, which can be explained by computational approaches to narratology. In this chapter, the authors discuss the following three topics. First, a method of semi-automatic story generation by agent-based simulation is presented. Second, methods of generating and analyzing comics on the basis of the features of pictures and stories used are described. Third, the authors introduce a method of estimating the difficulties of translating a storyboard into original pictures in the process of creating animations.
Assessing the Appeal Power of Narrative Performance by using Eyeblink Synchronization among Audience
Authors: Nomura Ryota , Okada Takeshi
Published: July 2016

In this chapter, the authors showed that eyeblink synchronization enables researchers to investigate the appeal power of narrative performance empirically. The proposed method relies on the ability of audience members as epistemic agents to recognize and understand the performance. As spontaneous eyeblinks loosely co-vary with individual's allocation and release of attentions, the timings of eyeblinks could be entrained by the details of narrative performances as the common inputs. Thus, the standard basis accumulated by the collective eyeblink responses enables experimenter to judge whether or not a particular performance contains universal appeal to sense-making. Here, the authors introduced that the empirical studies to assess the appeal power of Rakugo (a traditional narrative performance). An expert artist, compared to a novice performer, created implicit breakpoints on participants' attentional process. It were discussed that the applicable scopes of the eyeblink relevant indices, upcoming research on eyeblink synchronization, and new research on human collective behaviors.
Liquid Crystal Systems in Drug Delivery
Authors: Chaudhary Kamal Kumar , Kannojia Pooja , Mishra Nidhi
Published: July 2016

Liquid crystals have been recently studied as novel drug delivery system. The reason behind this is their similarity to colloidal systems in living organisms. They have proven to be advantageous over Traditional, Dermal, Parentral and Oral Dosage forms. Liquid crystals are thermodynamically stable and possess long shelf life. Liquid crystals show bio adhesive properties and sustained release effects. Objective of this book chapter is to provide in-depth information of Pharmaceutical crystal technology. It shall deal with cubic and hexagonal liquid crystal and their applications in Drug delivery system.
Rational Design of Polymeric Micelle for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Huang Yixian , Sun Jingjing , Li Song
Published: July 2016

Clinical application of anticancer drugs is limited by problems such as low water solubility, lack of tissue-specificity and toxicity. Formulation development represents an important approach to these problems. Among the many delivery systems studied, polymeric micelles are an attractive nano-scaled delivery system due to their simplicity, ability to solubilize water-insoluble drugs, and small size (10-100 nm) that can take advantage of enhanced permeability and retention effect to specifically accumulate in tumors. This book chapter provides a brief review of recent advancements in developing environmentally responsive micellar systems for controlled delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumor tissues. The emphasis is placed on the discussion of several dual functional nanomicellar systems that were recently developed in our laboratory as well as a new strategy of improving micellar formulations via incorporation of an interfacial drug-interactive motif(s).
Redox Effects of Erbium Oxide Doped Industrial Soda-Lime Glasses by UV-VIS-NIR Study
Authors: Kumsap Jakrapong , Poowancum Anurat , Wannagon Anucha
Published: July 2016

Redox states of soda lime glass melts have been widely studied by using variations of oxidizing and colorizing agents. In physical decolorizing process, the clear white glassware can be obtained by controlling the suitable amount and type of both oxidizing and colorizing agents in the batch formula. Erbium oxide (Er2O3) is interested in this study since it provides beautiful pink color and enhances optical properties of the glass. The aim of present work is to decolorized glasses by adjusting the redox number and using Er2O3 as a doping agent. The industrial soda-lime glasses were melted at 1450 °C for 3 hours and quenched in the air. Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), Sodium nitrate (NaNO3), Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) and carbon were used as the oxidizing agents. The redox states were calculated and adjusted by using the Simpson’s redox number concept. The oxide compositions of the glass samples were measured by XRF. The color of glass samples was examined by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The results show that by doping Er2O3 in glasses, the brightness of glasses is improved, and the glass color is located in the white zone of the color space diagram. The optimum glasses should have the ratio of Fe2+/Fetotal less than 0.10, and the redox number should not exceed 15. By using various kinds of oxidizing agent, the glass has more clear white color than using Na2SO4 alone.
Mechanism of AZS Refractory Corrosion in Barium Soda Lime Potassium Silicate Glass Melt
Authors: Šimurka Peter , Kraxner Jozef , Vrábel Peter , Paučo Tomáš
Published: July 2016

Al2O3 - ZrO2 - SiO2 refractory corrosion in barium soda lime potassium silicate glass melt have been studied. The composition of glass phase of unused AZS and the concentration profiles of the principal oxides in the glass phases of corroded AZS materials were determined. The refractory samples have been taken from the melting parts of a furnace after production termination as well as from the material where the laboratory static corrosion tests have been conducted. SEM and EDX analysis have been provided on the samples located in the part above and below the metal line corrosion.The corrosion mechanism of refractories in glass melt consists of diffusion of alkalis (Na, K, Ca, Ba) from the glass melt into the refractory, dissolution of the Al2O3 and ZrO2 in the glass phase, diffusion of Zr and Al from the refractory into the glass melt, creation and erosion of the boundary layer area.In the part, where the refractory is not in contact with the glass melt, the mechanism is characterized by a dissolution of alumina in refractory glass phase, diffusion of alkalis in glass phase from the refractory part below the glass level into the upper part, condensation and diffusion of evaporated volatile components of glass melt into the refractory material.
The Decolorizing of High Iron Containing Soda-Lime Silicate Glass by Annealing Process
Authors: Meechoowas Ekarat , Jampeerung Parida , Tapasa Kanit , Jitwatcharakomol Tepiwan
Published: July 2016

The tableware soda-lime silicate glasses, contained with 0.06 wt% of iron oxide, which were annealed at different times and temperatures, were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The glasses were produced from high iron sand. The iron content was twice as high in the glasses as it is in normal tableware glasses. The redox reaction of iron around glass transition temperature, Fe2+(green) ↔ Fe3+(yellow), was found in the annealing process, according to the redox reaction of iron with polyvalent ions in the glass, nFe3+ + Ma+ ↔ nFe2+ + M(a+-n) where M is the polyvalent ion in glass. In this study, the glasses were prepared by melting in a platinum crucible. After casting, they were annealed with variable times and temperatures. The results of color in CIE L*a*b* system and Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio of glasses showed the effect of the annealing process on the redox reaction of iron. The decolorizing was found during the annealing process. The results of this work led to the method for controlling the effect of iron oxide in the glass and the possibility to use high iron sand to produce tableware glasses.Tableware glass, Iron oxide, Redox reaction, Decolorizing
Effect of TeO2 Addition on the Mobility of Silver Ions in Ag2O-B2O3-P2O5-TeO2 Glasses
Authors: Moguš-Milanković Andrea , Sklepić Kristina , Vorokhta Maryna , Mošner Petr , Koudelka Ladislav
Published: July 2016

The effect of adding TeO2 into (100-x)[0.5Ag2O−0.1B2O3−0.4P2O5]−xTeO2 glasses, with 0−80 mol% TeO2, on the structural changes and electrical properties has been investigated. The structure was studied by Raman spectroscopy and electrical properties have been studied over a wide temperature and frequency range by impedance spectroscopy. The addition of the third glass former, TeO2, to the glass network causes the structural transformation from TeO3 (tp) to TeO4 (tbp) which contributes to the changes in conductivity. The glasses with low TeO2 content show only a slow decrease in dc conductivity with addition of TeO2 due to the increase of the number of non-bridging oxygens, which increases the mobility of Ag+ ions. The steep decrease in conductivity for glasses containing more than 40 mol% TeO2 is a result of decrease of the Ag2O content and stronger cross-linkage in glass network through the formation of more Te-eqOax-Te bonds in TeO4 tbp units. The glasses obey scaling of the ac conductivity with respect to temperature indicating that the dynamic process is independent of temperature. However, the scaling of the spectra for different glasses revealed deviations from the Summerfield scaling due to the local structural disorder caused by structural transition in tellurite glass network.
Temperature Dependencies of Inter-Diffusion Coefficient and Mass-Transfer Coefficient of Chemical Strengthening
Authors: Hatano Maya , Kanasugi Satoshi , Konishi Masaaki
Published: July 2016

Chemical strengthening is a method of generating compressive stress on the glass surfaces by ion-exchange to improve their strengths since old ages. As its targets have been expanding to larger and thinner glasses recently, different strength profiles are required depending on the applications and selecting appropriate ion-exchange parameters becomes even more important. Therefore, we developed a simulation model of chemical strengthening which enables predicting the stress profiles by ion-exchange in order to help optimizing the ion-exchanging parameters. Parameter study using the simulation model with change of temperature results in precise stress prediction, the compressive stress on the surface with a margin of error of ± 3% and the depth of layer with that of ± 10%. Furthermore, the parameter study introduced following two technical findings; (1) both inter-diffusion coefficient and mass-transfer coefficient could obey the Arrhenius equation, (2) both actual temperature and fictive temperature could influence on the stress relaxation. These findings are of great importance in comprehending the phenomena associated with ion-exchange. It has possibilities for beneficial feedback to the composition development and optimum stress design in accordance with each application.
Visible Luminescence of Eu3+ Ions in Lithium Barium Borate Glass
Authors: Kirdsiri Keerati , Damdee Benchaphorn , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: July 2016

Europium doped lithium barium borate glasses were fabricated by conventional melt-quench method and were analyzed their physical, optical and luminescence properties through absorption, excitation, emission and decay analysis at room temperature. The experimental data revealed that the five discrete absorption bands peaking at 393, 464, 532, 2032 and 2212 nm due to the transitions from 7F0 ground state level to various excited states of Eu3+ ions. The luminescence of Eu3+ in visible bands were observed under 394 nm pumping.
Development and Precision Molding of Optical Glasses with High Refractive Index for Optical Applications
Authors: Kitamura Naoyuki , Fukumi Kohei , Kintaka Kenji , Ofuchi Hironori , Honma Tetsuo , Akai Tomoko
Published: July 2016

The structure and optical properties of phosphate glasses containing bismuth or niobium oxides for subwavelength structure (SWS) optical elements were studied. The glasses containing a large amount of bismuth and niobium oxides had refractive indexes higher than 1.8 and low deformation temperatures. However, these high refractive index glasses were yellowish due to the electronic transition in trivalent bismuth ions and pentavalent niobium ions. The structure of the glasses was investigated by X-ray, IR, and Raman spectroscopy. NbOx and BiOx formed clusters as the bismuth and niobium oxide content increased. The results showed that the local structure around bismuth and niobium ions was related to the coloration. Based on these results, we developed high refractive index glasses that were used for precision molding to fabricate periodic SWSs. One-dimensional periodic SWSs were fabricated on the glass surface by a precision molding method using a SiC mold on which the reverse of the SWS pattern was carved and a flat SiC mold. One-dimensional SWSs with a high aspect ratio were fabricated on one surface of the glass plate. The niobium phosphate glass plates with the one-dimensional SWS showed phase retardation higher than 1/8l between TE- and TM-polarized beams at 400 nm, demonstrating that a wavelength plate can be fabricated by our precision molding technique.
Like an eagle carries its young
Authors: Wünch Hans-Georg
Published: July 2016

The picture of an eagle carrying its young on its wings (Dt 32:11) is a powerful and encouraging image of trust and security in God. It is particularly relevant for Western culture, where the eagle is a prominent symbol of power and strength. In recent years, though, the translation of the Hebrew term רֶשֶׁנ as ‘eagle’ has come into question and modern exegetes claim that it is more accurately translated as ‘vulture’. But can this really be a symbol of comfort? Furthermore, do eagles (or vultures) even carry their young on their wings? This article intends to shed some light on these questions.Keywords: Old Testament; Deuteronomy; Eagle; Vulture
Spirituality and healthcare: Towards holistic people-centred healthcare in South Africa
Authors: De la Porte Andre
Published: July 2016

Healthcare in South Africa is in a crisis. Problems with infrastructure, management, human resources and the supply of essential medicines are at a critical level. This is compounded by a high burden of disease and disparity in levels of service delivery, particularly between public and private healthcare. The government has put ambitious plans in place, which are part of the National Development Plan to ward 2030. In the midst of this we find the individual person and their family and community staggering under the suffering caused by disease, poverty, crime and violence. There is a more than 70% chance that this person and their family and community are trying to make sense of this within a spiritual framework and that they belong to a faith-based community. This article explores the valuable contribution of spirituality, spiritual and pastoral work, the faith-based community (FBC) and faith-based organisations (FBOs) to holistic people-centred healthcare in South Africa.Keywords: Healthcare; Spirituality; Clinical Spiritual Counselling
A therapeutic community as a relevant and efficient ecclesial model in African Christianity
Authors: Manala Matsobane
Published: July 2016

This article sets forth the argument that Christian ministry in Africa must become socially and culturally informed and constructed or else it will not touch the African soul and thus remain superficial. Black African people aspire above everything else to experience fullness of life and wellbeing here and now, as demonstrated by their greetings that are actually an enquiry into each other’s health and an expression of the wish for the other’s good health and wellbeing. The mainline churches that operate in Africa should embrace the scripturally sound Christian healing ministry in obedience to Christ’s commission to preach the gospel and heal the sick, if they are to prosper. Hence, this article discusses the following eight points, namely, (1) good health and healing as Africans’ important aspiration, (2) healing as the work of God and thus of the church, (3) the imperative of serious consideration of and respect for the African worldview, (4) membership decline and mainline churches’ loss of influence, (5) rethinking church in African Christianity, (6) the need for the black African church to adopt a therapeutic or healing community ecclesial model in order to position itself strategically to cater for the holistic needs of African (South African) church members and surrounding communities, (7) the rationale of the healing ministry in today’s Reformed Church in Africa and (8) the recommended healing ministry. The article closes with a few concluding statements and advice
Investigation of stillbirths, perinatal mortality and weakness in beef calves with low-selenium whole blood concentrations
Authors: Davis Anthony J. , Myburgh Jan G.
Published: July 2016

In this on-farm investigation, we report on stillbirths, weakness and perinatal mortality seen in calves on a commercial beef farm in the Roossenekal area, Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Post-mortem examination of these calves and histopathological examination of organ and tissue samples did not indicate an infectious aetiology. Affected calves had marginal to deficient whole blood selenium concentrations. Whole blood samples collected from adult cattle on this farm and five neighbouring farms were deficient in selenium. The potential contributions of other minerals to the symptoms seen are a subject of ongoing investigation, but selenium deficiency was marked in this herd and required urgent correction. Methods to correct the deficiency included the use of injectable products, and an oral selenium supplement chelated to methionine. Selenium availability to plants is primarily determined by the selenium content of the parent bedrock, the presence of other minerals and the pH of the soil. The apparent sudden onset of this problem implicates a soil factor as being responsible for reducing selenium’s bioavailability in this area. Selenium deficiency can have a significant impact on human health. HIV and/or AIDS, various forms of cancer and several specific clinical syndromes are associated with selenium deficiency in humans, and the impact on human health in this area also requires further investigation.Keywords: vitamin E; selenium deficiency; cattle; one-health; Mpumalanga Province; soil pH; acid rain; stillbirths; white muscle disease; HIV
Severe canine distemper outbreak in unvaccinated dogs in Mozambique
Authors: Zacarias Julieta , Dimande Alberto , Achá Sara , Dias Paula T. , Leonel Elisa M. , Messa Aurora , Macucule Baltazar , Júnior José L. , Bila Custódio G.
Published: July 2016

Although significant animal suffering caused by preventable diseases is frequently seen in developing countries, reports of this are scarce. This report describes avoidable animal suffering owing to a suspected canine distemper (CD) outbreak in unvaccinated dogs owned by low-income families in Mozambique that killed approximately 200 animals. Affected dogs exhibited clinical signs, and gross and microscopic lesions compatible with CD. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the presence of canine distemper virus (CDV) in the kidney of one dog from the cohort. This brief communication again illustrates that large outbreaks of CDV in unvaccinated dogs occur and that large-scale avoidable suffering and threats to the health of dogs and wild canines continue. Mass vaccination supported by government and non-government organisations is recommended.Keywords: Canine distemper; dogs; outbreak; animal welfare; Mozambique
Languaging in and about Lunyole: African Storybook materials as a catalyst for re-imagining literacy teaching and learning in two Ugandan primary schools
Authors: Tembe Juliet , Reed Yvonne
Published: July 2016

Throughout sub-Saharan Africa, many children are not learning to read competently in the first 3 years of primary school; thus, both ‘reading to learn’ and ‘reading for pleasure’ in these early years, and in higher grades, are constrained. Two of the many reasons for reading failure are the absence of suitable materials in languages with which learners are familiar and teachers’ limited knowledge of pedagogic practices that support reading development. In this article, we describe the African Storybook (ASb) initiative as one imaginative response to the dearth of interesting and accessible stories in local languages and report findings from the first phase of a professional development project in which teacher-researchers in two Ugandan schools are using ASb materials to ‘language’ in Lunyole at the meetings of their action research group. We argue that their investment in extending their literacy in a language which they speak more fluently than they read or write, and the contestations over written forms of this language that have surfaced in some of the discussions, are likely to be productive for their professional development as teachers and for their participation in ongoing community debates about the orthography of a recently codified and standardised language. By languaging together in Lunyole, with ASb materials as the main object of their conversations and activities, the teacher-researchers have begun to develop capabilities that are likely to benefit the Lunyole/ English biliteracy of the learners whom they teach. They are imagining new possibilities for themselves and for the learners.
Early treatment of Class III malocclusion with a tandem traction bow appliance
Authors: Valgadde Sneha Basaveshwar , Chougule Kishor
Published: July 2016

Since Class III malocclusion is progressive in nature, the facial growth of Class III malocclusion worsens with age. Class III malocclusion is associated with a deviation in the sagittal relationship of the maxilla and the mandible, characterized by a deficient maxilla, retrognathic mandible, or a combination of both. The early orthopedic treatment of Class III malocclusions, at the end of primary dentition or the beginning of mixed dentition, prior to growth spurt, allows the accomplishment of successful results, providing facial balance, modifying the maxillofacial growth and development, and in many instances, preventing a future surgical treatment by increasing the stability. Many treatment approaches can be found in the literature regarding orthopedic and orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion, including intra- and extra-oral appliances. The major problem with extraoral anchorage has been of patient compliance due to its physical appearance. The case report presents an intraoral modified tandem appliance for maxillary protraction that has been used clinically to achieve successful results without relying much on patient co-operation.
Endpoint Regularity of Multisublinear Fractional Maximal Functions
Authors: Liu Feng , Wu Huoxiong
Published: July 2016

In this paper we investigate the endpoint regularity properties of the multisublinear fractional maximal operators, which include the multisublinear Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator. We obtain some new bounds for the derivative of the one-dimensional multisublinear fractional maximal operators acting on the vector-valued function with all ƒ j being BV-functions.
Multi-Phase Texture Segmentation Using Gabor Features Histograms Based on Wasserstein Distance
Authors: Qiao Motong , Wang Wei , Ng Michael
Published: July 2016

We present a multi-phase image segmentation method based on the histogram of the Gabor feature space, which consists of a set of Gabor-filter responses with various orientations, scales and frequencies. Our model replaces the error function term in the original fuzzy region competition model with squared 2-Wasserstein distance function, which is a metric to measure the distance of two histograms. The energy functional is minimized by alternative minimization method and the existence of closed-form solutions is guaranteed when the exponent of the fuzzy membership term being 1 or 2. We test our model on both simple synthetic texture images and complex natural images with two or more phases. Experimental results are shown and compared to other recent results.
Multi-Symplectic Fourier Pseudospectral Method for the Kawahara Equation
Authors: Gong Yuezheng , Cai Jiaxiang , Wang Yushun
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we derive a multi-symplectic Fourier pseudospectral scheme for the Kawahara equation with special attention to the relationship between the spectral differentiation matrix and discrete Fourier transform. The relationship is crucial for implementing the scheme efficiently. By using the relationship, we can apply the Fast Fourier transform to solve the Kawahara equation. The effectiveness of the proposed methods will be demonstrated by a number of numerical examples. The numerical results also confirm that the global energy and momentum are well preserved.