bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SMDFbs: Specification-Based Misbehavior Detection for False Base Stations
Authors: Park Hoonyong , Astillo Philip Virgil Berrer , Ko Yongho , Park Yeongshin , Kim Taeguen , You Ilsun
Published: November 2023

The advancement of cellular communication technology has profoundly transformed human life. People can now watch high-definition videos anytime, anywhere, and aim for the implementation of advanced autonomous driving capabilities. However, the sustainability of such an environment is threatened by false base stations. False base stations execute attacks in the Radio Access Network (RAN) of cellular systems, adversely affecting the network or its users. To address this challenge, we propose a behavior rule specification-based false base station detection system, SMDFbs. We derive behavior rules from the normal operations of base stations and convert these rules into a state machine. Based on this state machine, we detect network anomalies and mitigate threats. We conducted experiments detecting false base stations in a 5G RAN simulator, comparing our system with seven machine learning-based detection techniques. The experimental results showed that our proposed system achieved a detection accuracy of 98% and demonstrated lower overhead compared to other algorithms.
A New Benchmark for Consumer Visual Tracking and Apparent Demographic Estimation from RGB and Thermal Images
Authors: Panagos Iason-Ioannis , Giotis Angelos P. , Sofianopoulos Sokratis , Nikou Christophoros
Published: November 2023

Visual tracking and attribute estimation related to age or gender information of multiple person entities in a scene are mature research topics with the advent of deep learning techniques. However, when it comes to indoor images such as video sequences of retail consumers, data are not always adequate or accurate enough to essentially train effective models for consumer detection and tracking under various adverse factors. This in turn affects the quality of recognizing age or gender for those detected instances. In this work, we introduce two novel datasets: Consumers comprises 145 video sequences compliant to personal information regulations as far as facial images are concerned and BID is a set of cropped body images from each sequence that can be used for numerous computer vision tasks. We also propose an end-to-end framework which comprises CNNs as object detectors, LSTMs for motion forecasting of the tracklet association component in a sequence, along with a multi-attribute classification model for apparent demographic estimation of the detected outputs, aiming to capture useful metadata of consumer product preferences. Obtained results on tracking and age/gender prediction are promising with respect to reference systems while they indicate the proposed model’s potential for practical consumer metadata extraction.
InAsSb Photodiode Fibre Optic Thermometry for High-Speed, near-Ambient Temperature Measurements
Authors: Leonidas Emilios , Hobbs Matthew J. , Ayvar-Soberanis Sabino , Laalej Hatim , Fisk Callum , Fitzpatrick Stephen , Willmott Jon R.
Published: November 2023

Infrared radiation thermometers (IRTs) overcome many of the limitations of thermocouples, particularly responsiveness and calibration drift. The main challenge with radiation thermometry is the fast and reliable measurement of temperatures close to room temperature. A new IRT which is sensitive to wavelengths between 3 μm and 11 μm was developed and tested in a laboratory setting. It is based on an uncooled indium arsenide antimony (InAsSb) photodiode, a transimpedance amplifier, and a silver halogenide fibre optic cable transmissive in the mid- to long-wave infrared region. The prototype IRT was capable of measuring temperatures between 35 °C and 100 °C at an integration time of 5 ms and a temperature range between 40 °C and 100 °C at an integration time of 1 ms, with a root mean square (RMS) noise level of less than 0.5 °C. The thermometer was calibrated against Planck’s law using a five-point calibration, leading to a measurement uncertainty within ±1.5 °C over the aforementioned temperature range. The thermometer was tested against a thermocouple during drilling operations of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) plastic to measure the temperature of the drill bit during the material removal process. Future versions of the thermometer are intended to be used as a thermocouple replacement in high-speed, near-ambient temperature measurement applications, such as electric motor condition monitoring; battery protection; and machining of polymers and composite materials, such as carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP).
Red Blood Cells’ Area Deformation as the Origin of the Photoplethysmography Signal
Authors: Evdochim Lucian , Chiriac Eugen , Avram Marioara , Dobrescu Lidia , Dobrescu Dragoș , Stanciu Silviu , Halichidis Stela
Published: November 2023

The origin of the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal is a debatable topic, despite plausible models being addressed. One concern revolves around the correlation between the mechanical waveform’s pulsatile nature and the associated biomechanism. The interface between these domains requires a clear mathematical or physical model that can explain physiological behavior. Describing the correct origin of the recorded optical waveform not only benefits the development of the next generation of biosensors but also defines novel health markers. In this study, the assumption of a pulsatile nature is based on the mechanism of blood microcirculation. At this level, two interconnected phenomena occur: variation in blood flow velocity through the capillary network and red blood cell (RBC) shape deformation. The latter effect was qualitatively investigated in synthetic capillaries to assess the experimental data needed for PPG model development. Erythrocytes passed through 10 µm and 6 µm microchannel widths with imposed velocities between 50 µm/s and 2000 µm/s, according to real scenarios. As a result, the length and area deformation of RBCs followed a logarithmic law function of the achieved traveling speeds. Applying radiometric expertise on top, mechanical-optical insights are obtained regarding PPG’s pulsatile nature. The mathematical equations derived from experimental data correlate microcirculation physiologic with waveform behavior at a high confidence level. The transfer function between the biomechanics and the optical signal is primarily influenced by the vasomotor state, capillary network orientation, concentration, and deformation performance of erythrocytes.
Graph Trilateration for Indoor Localization in Sparsely Distributed Edge Computing Devices in Complex Environments Using Bluetooth Technology
Authors: Kiarashi Yashar , Saghafi Soheil , Das Barun , Hegde Chaitra , Madala Venkata Siva Krishna , Nakum ArjunSinh , Singh Ratan , Tweedy Robert , Doiron Matthew , Rodriguez Amy D. , Levey Allan I. , Clifford Gari D. , Kwon Hyeokhyen
Published: November 2023

Spatial navigation patterns in indoor space usage can reveal important cues about the cognitive health of participants. In this work, we present a low-cost, scalable, open-source edge computing system using Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons for tracking indoor movements in a large, 1700 m2 facility used to carry out therapeutic activities for participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The facility is instrumented with 39 edge computing systems, along with an on-premise fog server. The participants carry a BLE beacon, in which BLE signals are received and analyzed by the edge computing systems. Edge computing systems are sparsely distributed in the wide, complex indoor space, challenging the standard trilateration technique for localizing subjects, which assumes a dense installation of BLE beacons. We propose a graph trilateration approach that considers the temporal density of hits from the BLE beacon to surrounding edge devices to handle the inconsistent coverage of edge devices. This proposed method helps us tackle the varying signal strength, which leads to intermittent detection of beacons. The proposed method can pinpoint the positions of multiple participants with an average error of 4.4 m and over 85% accuracy in region-level localization across the entire study area. Our experimental results, evaluated in a clinical environment, suggest that an ordinary medical facility can be transformed into a smart space that enables automatic assessment of individuals’ movements, which may reflect health status or response to treatment.
Development of a Charge-Multiplication CMOS Image Sensor Based on Capacitive Trench for Low-Light-Level Imaging
Authors: Marcelot Olivier , Morvan Marjorie , Salih Alj Antoine , Demiguel Stephane , Virmontois Cedric , Rouvie Anne , Estribeau Magali , Goiffon Vincent
Published: November 2023

This paper presents an electron multiplication charge coupled device (EMCCD) based on capacitive deep trench isolation (CDTI) and developed using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The CDTI transfer register offers a charge transfer inefficiency lower than 10−4 and a low dark current o 0.11nA/cm2 at room temperature. In this work, the timing diagram is adapted to use this CDTI transfer register in an electron multiplication mode. The results highlight some limitations of this device in such an EM configuration: for instance, an unexpected increase in the dark current is observed. A design modification is then proposed to overcome these limitations and rely on the addition of an electrode on the top of the register. Thus, this new device preserves the good transfer performance of the register while adding an electron multiplication function. Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations in 2D and 3D are performed with this new design and reveal a very promising structure.
An Adaptive Two-Dimensional Voxel Terrain Mapping Method for Structured Environment
Authors: Zhou Hang , Ping Peng , Shi Quan , Chen Hailong
Published: November 2023

Accurate terrain mapping information is very important for foot landing planning and motion control in foot robots. Therefore, a terrain mapping method suitable for an indoor structured environment is proposed in this paper. Firstly, by constructing a terrain mapping framework and adding the estimation of the robot’s pose, the algorithm converts the distance sensor measurement results into terrain height information and maps them into the voxel grid, and effectively reducing the influence of pose uncertainty in a robot system. Secondly, the height information mapped into the voxel grid is downsampled to reduce information redundancy. Finally, a preemptive random sample consistency (preemptive RANSAC) algorithm is used to divide the plane from the height information of the environment and merge the voxel grid in the extracted plane to realize the adaptive resolution 2D voxel terrain mapping (ARVTM) in the structured environment. Experiments show that the proposed mapping algorithm reduces the error of terrain mapping by 62.7% and increases the speed of terrain mapping by 25.1%. The algorithm can effectively identify and extract plane features in a structured environment, reducing the complexity of terrain mapping information, and improving the speed of terrain mapping.
Neural Radiance Fields-Based 3D Reconstruction of Power Transmission Lines Using Progressive Motion Sequence Images
Authors: Zeng Yujie , Lei Jin , Feng Tianming , Qin Xinyan , Li Bo , Wang Yanqi , Wang Dexin , Song Jie
Published: November 2023

To address the fuzzy reconstruction effect on distant objects in unbounded scenes and the difficulty in feature matching caused by the thin structure of power lines in images, this paper proposes a novel image-based method for the reconstruction of power transmission lines (PTLs). The dataset used in this paper comprises PTL progressive motion sequence datasets, constructed by a visual acquisition system carried by a developed Flying–walking Power Line Inspection Robot (FPLIR). This system captures close-distance and continuous images of power lines. The study introduces PL-NeRF, that is, an enhanced method based on the Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) method for reconstructing PTLs. The highlights of PL-NeRF include (1) compressing the unbounded scene of PTLs by exploiting the spatial compression of normal L∞; (2) encoding the direction and position of the sample points through Integrated Position Encoding (IPE) and Hash Encoding (HE), respectively. Compared to existing methods, the proposed method demonstrates good performance in 3D reconstruction, with fidelity indicators of PSNR = 29, SSIM = 0.871, and LPIPS = 0.087. Experimental results highlight that the combination of PL-NeRF with progressive motion sequence images ensures the integrity and continuity of PTLs, improving the efficiency and accuracy of image-based reconstructions. In the future, this method could be widely applied for efficient and accurate 3D reconstruction and inspection of PTLs, providing a strong foundation for automated monitoring of transmission corridors and digital power engineering.
A Quantitative Model of Innovation Readiness in Urban Mobility: A Comparative Study of Smart Cities in the EU, Eastern Asia, and USA Regions
Authors: Ayfantopoulou Georgia , Touloumidis Dimos , Mallidis Ioannis , Xenou Elpida
Published: November 2023

The smart cities paradigm has gained significant attention as a tool to address the multifaceted challenges posed by contemporary urban mobility systems. While cities are eager to integrate cutting-edge technologies to evolve into digital and intelligent hubs, they often deal with infrastructure and governance bottlenecks that prevent the rapid adoption of industry-driven innovations. This study introduces a three-step methodological approach to forecast a city’s innovation readiness in urban mobility, thus facilitating city-led innovation and identifying key areas within urban mobility systems that require attention. Initially, a comprehensive literature review was undertaken to ascertain the most impactful innovation indicators influencing a city’s ability to embrace new technologies. Subsequently, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to identify these indicators, highlighting the primary markers of innovation for each city. The final step involved the application of both random and fixed-effects regression models to quantify the influence of distinct unobserved variables—such as economic, cultural, and political factors—on the innovation readiness of various cities. The methodology’s effectiveness was tested using data from cities across diverse regions. The findings underscore that merely 7 out of 21 innovation indicators are critical for assessing a city’s innovation readiness. Moreover, the random-effects model was identified as the most suitable for capturing the nuances of unobserved variables in the studied cities. The innovation readiness scores at the city level revealed a diverse range, with cities like Madrid, Gothenburg, and Mechelen demonstrating high readiness, while others like Kalisz and Datong showed lower scores. This research contributes to the strategic planning for smart cities, offering a robust framework for policymakers to enhance innovation readiness and foster sustainable urban development, with a newfound emphasis on city-specific analysis.
Systemic Oxidative Stress Parameters in Skin Cancer Patients and Patients with Benign Lesions
Authors: Karampinis Emmanouil , Nechalioti Paraskevi-Maria , Georgopoulou Konstantina Eirini , Goniotakis George , Roussaki Schulze Angeliki Viktoria , Zafiriou Efterpi , Kouretas Demetrios
Published: November 2023

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production and subsequent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the capacity of a biological system to eliminate these reactive substances. Systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in plasma, serum, urine, or red blood cells have been found to be elevated in many diseases, including skin cancer. UV radiation (UVR) induces damage to biomolecules that enter the bloodstream, reinforcing systemic oxidative stress. On the other hand, pre-existing systemic oxidative stress does not supply the skin with the adequate micronutrients and antioxidant resources to ameliorate the skin’s antioxidant defense against UVR. In both scenarios, skin cancer patients are exposed to oxidative conditions. In the case of warts, oxidation is linked to chronic inflammation, while impaired cutaneous antioxidant defense could ineffectively deal with possible oxidative stimuli from viral agents, such as HPV. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate the existing data on systemic oxidative stress in skin diseases such as non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), basal-cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma as well as benign lesions such as actinic keratosis (AK), sebaceous keratosis (SK), and warts. Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with NMSC, melanoma, AK, and warts (both genital and non-genital) are subjected to severe oxidative stress, indicated by disturbed antioxidant enzyme levels, accumulated oxidized proteins and lipid products, and, to a lesser extent, lower concentrations of micronutrients. Interestingly, medical history of NMSC or melanoma as well as stage of skin cancer and treatment approach were found to affect systemic oxidative stress parameters. In the case of warts (both genital and non-genital), high oxidative stress levels were also detected, and they were found to be aligned with their recalcitrant character.
Can Rural Industrial Convergence Improve the Total Factor Productivity of Agricultural Environments: Evidence from China
Authors: Zheng Gantian , Wang Weiwei , Jiang Chang , Jiang Fan
Published: November 2023

The convergence of rural industries has brought about significant changes in the traditional small-scale farmer management model, as well as new requirements for the quality and skills of agricultural practitioners in China. Meanwhile, it has inevitably affected the agricultural environmental total factor productivity (AETFP). This paper endeavors to assess the impact of industrial convergence on AETFP, striving to clarify their inherent connection and furnish insightful guidance for policymaking. Utilizing inter-provincial panel data from China spanning 2008 to 2021, this paper applies the SBM-GML model for measurement purposes and employs the entropy method to evaluate the extent of industrial convergence in rural areas. It delves into the mechanism through which industrial convergence influences AETFP, utilizing the intermediary effect model and incorporating two mediating variables: rural human capital and agricultural scale operations. The findings of this research reveal that industrial convergence exerts a direct positive influence on AETFP, while rural human capital and agricultural scale operations serve as partial mediators in this process. Additionally, the stability of the transmission mechanism receives further validation via the application of interaction terms. Consequently, it is possible to enhance AETFP via the expedited convergent development of industries, coupled with the strategic utilization of rural human capital and agricultural scale operations as catalysts for further improvements in AETFP.
Evaluating the Creative Economy Applying the Contingent Valuation Method: A Case Study on the Greek Cultural Heritage Festival
Authors: Koumoutsea Aikaterini , Boufounou Paraskevi , Mergos George
Published: November 2023

The effectiveness of the economic policies implemented by a country/region directly affects its economic growth potential. Cultural Heritage Festivals are a sector of the creative economy that, by promoting culture, may have a significant impact on national/regional sustainable economic development. This study assesses the implementation of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and the estimation of the Willingness To Pay (WTP) demand curve, using data collected for the Kalamata Dance Festival as a case study, in order to evaluate creative economy investments. The results obtained indicate that the CVM is an appropriate method for evaluating festivals and suggest that females, spectators with high incomes and high educational levels, and visitors to Kalamata (non-residents) show an increased Willingness To Pay. These findings can be useful to cultural heritage festival organizers in developing appropriate policy strategies: targeting the social groups with the greatest Willingness To Pay; adjusting the pricing mechanism accordingly; modifying annual memberships/donations/sponsorships, indirect resources, and tax revenues and grants; and optimizing investments and allocating resources. Furthermore, the findings of this study will be particularly useful for Greece in designing relevant cultural sustainable development policies for exploiting the potential of the Cultural Heritage Festival, in synergy with the tourism sector, which already contributes a major share to the country’s GDP.
Removal of Brilliant Green Cationic Dye Using Bioadsorbent Material from Oyster Shells
Authors: Moreno-Ríos Andrea Liliana , Coronado-Herrera Carolanne , Rhenals-Navarro Jean C. , Hernandez-Palma Hugo Gaspar , Dotto Guilherme Luiz , Gindri Ramos Claudete , Gómez-Plata Leandro
Published: November 2023

This study explored the potential of coral rock, specifically coquina derived from oyster shells, as a bioadsorbent for the removal of dyes from wastewater generated by the textile industry. The investigation included an examination of particle size fractions (300 µm and less than 300 µm) and thermal treatment; the investigation involved drying at 120 °C and calcination at temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 800 °C. The material was subjected to a comprehensive analysis through various characterization techniques. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the removal capacity and adsorption kinetics of the bioadsorbent utilizing brilliant green dye. The experiments involved varying dye concentrations (25, 50, and 75 mg L−1), pH levels (2 to 12), and different doses of biosorbent material (0.2 to 0.6 g L−1), with constant agitation. Various kinetic models were applied to fit the experimental data, with the pseudo-second-order model demonstrating the best fit. The findings reveal that coquina rock, characterized by a temperature of 120 °C and a particle size of greater than 300 µm, exhibits remarkable effectiveness. It achieved a removal efficiency of 90% within 15 to 20 min at pH 7.8. This study concludes that coquina rock not only stands out as demonstrating remarkable efficacy in dye removal but also underscores a sustainable approach, leveraging readily available and environmentally friendly materials for wastewater treatment.
Understanding Factors That Influence Pest Risk in Olive Production
Authors: Espinoza Vidaurre Sam M. , Velásquez Rodríguez Norma C. , Gambetta Quelopana Renza L. , Martinez Valdivia Ana N. , Leo Rossi Ernesto A. , Laura De La Cruz Kevin Mario
Published: November 2023

The aim of this article was to provide a comprehensive review of the factors that influence the risk of pests in olive cultivation on a global scale. Two different analytical methods were used: a bibliometric review and a systematic review. The first method, based on the Scopus database and supported by analytical tools such as VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, allowed for the identification and analysis of 1060 publications, with a particular focus on the 445 most cited from 2014 to 2023. This bibliometric exploration highlighted the main contributions and trends in research on pest management in olive growing. On the other hand, the systematic review was carried out through a triangulation of databases, including Scopus, EBSCO, and Web of Science, following the PRISMA protocol to ensure a rigorous methodological process. A total of 27 scientific studies were selected that provided a detailed and relevant view of pest control practices. The results of this systematic analysis show the critical importance of the controlled and judicious use of pesticides in olive cultivation to prevent adverse effects on human health, biodiversity, and the environment. They also highlight the need to promote sustainable cultivation practices that reduce dependence on agrochemicals, thereby improving soil health and the quality of the harvested product.
The Moderating Effects of Gender and Dispositional Mindful Observation on the Relationship between Nature Contact and Psychological Distress: A Cross-Sectional Study in China
Authors: Wang Xuanyi , Chen Shulin
Published: November 2023

Nature conservation is an essential topic in the area of sustainability. Understanding how nature benefits humans, particularly human mental health, contributes to the awareness and promotion of nature conservation. A growing number of studies have demonstrated the positive effects of nature on human well-being. However, not all individuals derive the same benefits from engaging with nature. Dispositional mindful observation may play a significant role in the interaction between humans and nature, subsequently influencing the degree of benefit attained. In exploring an efficacious approach to amplify the benefits of nature, this study examined the moderating impact of gender and dispositional mindful observation on the association between nature contact and psychological distress. A total of 786 Chinese participants (490 females; mean age = 22.39 years) were recruited to complete an online survey regarding nature contact, dispositional mindful observation, and psychological distress. The results revealed that dispositional mindful observation significantly moderated the relationship between nature contact and psychological distress. Higher dispositional mindful observation significantly amplified the positive impact of contact with nature on mental health. Body observation showed the strongest moderating effect among the three dispositional mindful observation facets, followed by emotional awareness and external perception. No significant gender difference was found in the mental health benefits of nature contact. In conclusion, dispositional mindful observation may be a valuable focus for amplifying the mental health benefits obtained from engaging with nature.
Assessing the Potential of AI–ML in Urban Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainable Development
Authors: Srivastava Aman , Maity Rajib
Published: November 2023

This study addresses a notable gap in the climate change literature by examining the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI–ML) in urban climate change adaptation and sustainable development across major global continents. While much attention has been given to mitigation strategies, this study uniquely delves into the AI–ML’s underexplored role in catalyzing climate change adaptation in contemporary and future urban centers. The research thoroughly explores diverse case studies from Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, and South America, utilizing a methodological framework involving six-step and five-step models for systematic literature reviews. The findings underscore AI–ML achievements, illuminate challenges, and emphasize the need for context-specific and collaborative approaches. The findings imply that a one-size-fits-all approach is insufficient. Instead, successful adaptation strategies must be intricately linked to the particular characteristics, vulnerabilities, and intricacies of each region. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of international collaboration, knowledge sharing, and technology transfer to expedite the integration of AI–ML into climate adaptation strategies globally. The study envisions a promising trajectory for AI–ML in the climate adaptation domain, emphasizing the necessity for ongoing research, innovation, and practical AI–ML applications. As climate change remains a defining challenge, this research predicts an increasingly pivotal role for AI–ML in constructing climate-resilient urban centers and promoting sustainable development. Continuous efforts to advance AI–ML technologies, establish robust policy frameworks, and ensure universal access are crucial for harnessing AI–ML’s transformative capabilities to combat climate change consequences.
Myosteatosis as a Prognostic Marker for Postoperative Mortality in Adult Patients Undergoing Surgery in General—A Systematic Review
Authors: den Os Onno Emanuel , Nielen Rosalie , Bidar Elham
Published: November 2023

Background: Assessing frailty is important in treating surgical patients to predict peri- and postoperative events like complications or mortality. The current standard is not optimal; therefore, new prognostic markers are being evaluated to enrich the current frailty assessment. One of these new markers is fat degeneration of the psoas muscle (myosteatosis). This can be assessed by measuring the psoas muscle density (PMD) with computed tomography (CT). The aim of this review is to investigate PMD, and, thus, myosteatosis, as a prognostic marker for postoperative mortality in adult patients undergoing general surgery. Methods: An electronic search was performed in PubMed to identify relevant studies associating PMD with postoperative mortality. The looked-upon period for mortality to occur did not matter for this review. The looked-upon outcome measure for this review was the hazard ratio. Results: From 659 potential articles from PubMed, 12 were included, for a total of 4834 participants. Articles were excluded when not focused on PMD, if the type of intervention was not specified, and when imaging other than with CT on the level of the third vertebra was performed. The included articles were assessed for bias with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). PMD was, after multivariable analyses, identified as an independent significant prognostic marker for several surgical cardiovascular interventions when we looked at the 5-year mortality rate and for fenestrated branched endovascular aortic repair (F-BEVAR) a slight significant protective correlation between postoperative mortality and PMD (when divided by psoas muscle area (PMI)) when we looked at the 30-day and 3-year mortality. Also, PMD was identified as an independent significant prognostic marker for a variety of surgical gastrointestinal interventions when we looked at 30-day/90-day/1-year/3-year/5-year mortality. PMD was not identified as a significant prognostic marker in urologic surgery. Conclusion: Myosteatosis has the potential to be a valuable contribution to the current frailty assessment for patients undergoing cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or urologic surgery. However, more research must be conducted to further strengthen the prognostic value of myosteatosis, with special attention to, e.g., gender- or age-specific interpretations of the results.
Joint Model for Estimating the Asymmetric Distribution of Medical Costs Based on a History Process
Authors: Li Simeng , Deng Dianliang , Han Yuecai , Zhang Dingwen
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we modify a semi-parameter estimation of the joint model for the mean medical cost function with time-dependent covariates to enable it to describe the nonlinear relationship between the longitudinal variable and time points by using polynomial approximation. The observation time points are discrete and not exactly the same for all subjects; in order to use all of the information, we first estimate the mean medical cost at the same observed time points for all subjects, and then we weigh these values using the kernel method. Therefore, a smooth mean function of medical costs can be obtained. The proposed estimating method can be used for asymmetric distribution statistics. The consistency of the estimator is demonstrated by theoretical analysis. For the simulation study, we first set up the values of parameters and non-parametric functions, and then we generated random samples for covariates and censored survival times. Finally, the longitudinal data of response variables could be produced based on the covariates and survival times. Then, numerical simulation experiments were conducted by using the proposed method and applying the JM package in R to the generated data. The estimated results for parameters and non-parametric functions were compared with different settings. Numerical results illustrate that the standard deviations of the parametric estimators decrease as the sample sizes increases and are much smaller than preassigned threshold value. The estimates of non-parametric functions in the model almost coincide with the true functions as shown in the figures of simulation study. We apply the proposed model to a real data set from a multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial.
Quercetin Attenuates the Combined Effects of Zearalenone and Lipopolysaccharide on IPEC-J2 Cell Injury through Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Chuanqi , Fu Yurong , Wang Ruqi , Wang Qiyuan , Yu Hao , Zhang Jing
Published: November 2023

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin with an estrogen-like effect that is widely found in feed. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from Gram-negative bacteria are a common endotoxin, and both toxins have effects on human and livestock health. During animal feeding, ZEA as an exotoxin and LPS as an endotoxin have the potential to co-exist in organisms. At present, other studies have only focused on the hazards of single toxins, but there are fewer studies on the coexistence and interaction between ZEA and LPS. Therefore, a further study to investigate the combined toxic effects of different concentrations of ZEA and LPS is warranted. Quercetin (QUE) is a natural flavonoid compound with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is unclear whether QUE can mitigate the combined effects of ZEA and LPS. IPEC-J2, isolated from the jejunum of non-breastfed neonatal piglets, is an ideal model for the study of epithelial cell transport, intestinal bacterial interactions, and the nutrient modulation of intestinal function. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the effect of QUE in alleviating the combined toxic effect of ZEA and LPS on IPEC-J2 cell damage. Cell viability was measured after treating IPEC-J2 cells sequentially with 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100 μM ZEA, 1, 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL LPS, and 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 200 μM QUE for 24 h. Based on the cell viability results, 20 μM ZEA and 1 μg/mL LPS were selected as the most suitable concentrations for further analysis. For QUE, 20 μM increased the cell viability, while 40–200 μM QUE decreased the cell viability. Therefore, for the subsequent study, 20 μM QUE was selected in combination with 20 μM ZEA and 1 μg/mL LPS. The results showed that QUE increased the cellular viability and decreased the LDH content more compared to the effects of the ZEA+LPS group. At the gene level, QUE addition up-regulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, SOD2, and NQO1 at the gene or protein level compared to those of the ZEA+LPS group. The measurement of tight junction-related genes and proteins showed QUE up-regulated the expression of Claudin, ZO-1, and Occludin genes and proteins more than in the ZEA+LPS group. QUE addition reduced the rate of apoptosis more than that in the ZEA+LPS group. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were examined at the gene level, and QUE addition significantly reduced the Bax gene expression level compared to that of the ZEA+LPS group, but there was no apparent variation in the expression level of Bcl-2. In summary, QUE can alleviate the combined toxic effects of ZEA and LPS on IPEC-J2 cells via modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, up-regulating the expression of antioxidative genes, and enhancing the intestinal barrier.
The Atmospheric Influence on Cosmic-Ray-Induced Ionization and Absorbed Dose Rates
Authors: Winant Alexandre , Pierrard Viviane , Botek Edith , Herbst Konstantin
Published: November 2023

When high-energy particles originating from space penetrate the atmosphere, they may interact with atoms and molecules, initiating air showers composed of secondary and tertiary particles propagating towards the ground. They can cause ionization of the atmosphere and contribute to the radiation dose at low altitudes. This work uses the GEANT-4-based Atmospheric Radiation Interaction Simulator (AtRIS) toolkit to compute these quantities in the Earth’s atmosphere. We take advantage of the unique Planet Specification File (PSF) of the Atmospheric Radiation Interaction Simulator (AtRIS) to investigate the effect of the state of the atmosphere on the resulting induced ionization and absorbed dose rates from the top of the atmosphere (at 100 km) down to the surface. The atmospheric profiles (density, pressure, temperature, and composition) are computed with the NRLMSISE-00 model at various latitudes and for every month of 2014, corresponding to the last maximum of solar activity. The resulting ionization and dose rates present different profiles that vary with latitude in the atmosphere, with the relative difference between equatorial and high latitude ionization rates reaching 68% in the Pfotzer maximum. We obtain differences of up to 59% between the equator and high latitudes observed at commercial flight altitudes for the radiation dose. Both ionization and absorbed dose rates also feature anti-phased seasonal variations in the two hemispheres throughout 2014. Based on these results, we computed global maps of the ionization and dose rates at fixed altitudes in the atmosphere by using precomputed maps of the effective vertical cutoff rigidities and the results of three AtRIS simulations to consider the effect of latitude. While sharing the same general structure as maps created with a single profile, these new maps also show a clear asymmetry in the ionization and absorbed dose rates in the polar regions.
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H9N2 Viruses in Morocco: Antigenic and Molecular Evolution from 2021 to 2023
Authors: Arbani Oumayma , Ducatez Mariette F. , Mahmoudi Salma , Salamat Faiçal , Khayi Slimane , Mouahid Mohamed , Selim Karim M. , Kichou Faouzi , Ouchhour Ikram , El Houadfi Mohammed , Fellahi Siham
Published: November 2023

Avian influenza viruses pose significant threats to both the poultry industry and public health worldwide. Among them, the H9N2 subtype has gained substantial attention due to its high prevalence, especially in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa; its ability to reassort with other influenza viruses; and its potential to infect humans. This study presents a comprehensive phylogenetic and molecular analysis of H9N2 avian influenza viruses circulating in Morocco from 2021 to 2023. Through an active epidemiological survey, a total of 1140 samples (trachea and lungs) and oropharyngeal swabs pooled into 283 pools, collected from 205 farms located in 7 regions of Morocco known for having a high density of poultry farms, were analyzed. Various poultry farms were investigated (159 broiler farms, 24 layer farms, 10 breeder farms, and 12 turkey breeder farms). A total of 21 AI H9N2 strains were isolated, and in order to understand the molecular evolution of the H9N2 avian influenza virus, their genetic sequences were determined using the Sanger sequencing technique. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using a dataset comprising global H9N2 sequences to determine the genetic relatedness and evolutionary dynamics of the Moroccan strains. The results revealed the continued circulation and diversification of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Morocco during the study period. Real-time RT-PCR showed a positivity rate of 35.6% (73/205), with cycle threshold values ranging from 19.2 to 34.9. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that all Moroccan strains belonged to a G1-like lineage and regrouped into two distinct clusters. Our newly detected isolates aggregated distinctly from the genotypes previously isolated in Morocco, North and West Africa, and the Middle East. This indicats the potential of virus evolution resulting from both national circulation and cross-border transmission. A high genetic diversity at both nucleotide and amino-acid levels was observed among all the strains isolated in this study, as compared to H9N2 strains isolated in Morocco since 2016, which suggests the co-circulation of genetically diverse H9N2 variants. Newly discovered mutations were detected in hemagglutinin positions 226, 227, and 193 (H3 numbering), which highlights the genetic evolution of the H9N2 AIVs. These findings contribute to our understanding of the evolution and epidemiology of H9N2 in the region and provide valuable insights for the development of effective prevention and control strategies against this emerging avian influenza subtype.
Regulation of Mitochondrial Metabolism by Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Li Yumei , Ou Jing-hsiung James
Published: November 2023

Mitochondria play important roles in the synthesis of ATP, the production of reactive oxygen species, and the regulation of innate immune response and apoptosis. Many viruses perturb mitochondrial activities to promote their replication and cause cell damage. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus that can cause severe liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This virus can also alter mitochondrial functions and metabolism to promote its replication and persistence. In this report, we summarize recent research progress on the interaction between HBV and mitochondrial metabolism, as well as the effect this interaction has on HBV replication and persistence.
The Antiviral Effect of Berdazimer Sodium on Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Using a Novel In Vitro Methodology
Authors: Ward Brian M. , Riccio Daniel A. , Cartwright Martina , Maeda-Chubachi Tomoko
Published: November 2023

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is characterized by skin lesions containing the highly contagious molluscum contagiosum poxvirus (MCV). MCV primarily infects children, with one US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug-device treatment in use but no approved medications. Assessing antivirals is hindered by the inability of MCV to replicate in vitro. Here, we use vaccinia virus as a surrogate to provide evidence of the anti-poxvirus properties of berdazimer sodium, a new chemical entity, and the active substance in berdazimer gel, 10.3%, a nitric oxide-releasing topical in phase 3 development for the treatment of MC. We show that berdazimer sodium reduced poxvirus replication and, through a novel methodology, demonstrate that cells infected with drug-treated MCV virions have reduced early gene expression. Specifically, this is accomplished by studying the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-kB)-blocking protein MC160 as an example of an early gene. The results provide a plausible unique antiviral mechanism of action supporting increased MCV resolution observed in patients treated with berdazimer gel, 10.3% and describe a novel methodology that overcomes limitations in investigating MCV response in vitro to a potential new MC topical medication.
Tetherin Restricts SARS-CoV-2 despite the Presence of Multiple Viral Antagonists
Authors: Hagelauer Elena , Lotke Rishikesh , Kmiec Dorota , Hu Dan , Hohner Mirjam , Stopper Sophie , Nchioua Rayhane , Kirchhoff Frank , Sauter Daniel , Schindler Michael
Published: November 2023

Coronavirus infection induces interferon-stimulated genes, one of which encodes Tetherin, a transmembrane protein inhibiting the release of various enveloped viruses from infected cells. Previous studies revealed that SARS-CoV encodes two Tetherin antagonists: the Spike protein (S), inducing lysosomal degradation of Tetherin, and ORF7a, altering its glycosylation. Similarly, SARS-CoV-2 has also been shown to use ORF7a and Spike to enhance virion release in the presence of Tetherin. Here, we directly compare the abilities and mechanisms of these two viral proteins to counteract Tetherin. Therefore, cell surface and total Tetherin levels upon ORF7a or S expression were investigated using flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S only marginally reduced Tetherin cell surface levels in a cell type-dependent manner. In HEK293T cells, under conditions of high exogenous Tetherin expression, SARS-CoV-2 S and ORF7a reduced total cellular Tetherin levels much more efficiently than the respective counterparts derived from SARS-CoV. Nevertheless, ORF7a from both species was able to alter Tetherin glycosylation. The ability to decrease total protein levels of Tetherin was conserved among S proteins from different SARS-CoV-2 variants (α, γ, δ, ο). While SARS-CoV-2 S and ORF7a both colocalized with Tetherin, only ORF7a directly interacted with the restriction factor in a two-hybrid assay. Despite the presence of multiple Tetherin antagonists, SARS-CoV-2 replication in Caco-2 cells was further enhanced upon Tetherin knockout. Altogether, our data show that endogenous Tetherin restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication and that the antiviral activity of Tetherin is only partially counteracted by viral antagonists with differential and complementary modes of action.
KAJIAN BANGUNAN LAWANG SEWU, SEMARANG, JAWA TENGAH SEBAGAI RUANG INTERAKSI SOSIAL
Authors: Darmayanti Tessa Eka , Santoso Miky Endro
Published: November 2023

Artikel ini lahir dari pengalaman penulis mengenai keberadaan ruang sosial yang ada di Lawang Sewu, Semarang yang menjadi fokus penelitian. Pada zaman kolonial Belanda, Lawang Sewu merupakan gedung perkantoran kereta api milik Belanda atau dikenal dengan NISM (Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij). Saat ini Lawang Sewu menjadi destinasi wisata dengan perubahan fungsi dari kantor menjadi museum. Perubahan tersebut berpengaruh terhadap berbagai kegiatan di dalam kompleks Lawang Sewu yang melahirkan berbagai ruang sosial, dan ruang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Ruang seringkali hanya diidentifikasi melalui bentuk yang terlihat oleh mata, namun sebenarnya ruang juga bersifat intangible yang berasal dari gagasan, pengalaman, memori, budaya maupun sejarah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan cara pandang baru dalam melihat “bentuk ruang” dari berbagai kegiatan sosial yang bersifat tangible dan intangible. Penelitian kualitatif ini akan melibatkan pendekatan fenomenologi yang berkaitan dengan pengalaman yang ditulis secara naratif. Studi literatur dan sumber dari penelitian sebelumnya akan mendukung optimasi analisa penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan komponen ruang sosial yang ada di dalam kompleks Lawang Sewu dan hal tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi mengenai Lawang Sewu secara umum dan ruang secara khusus.
Short-term financial control in the management of exchange transactions
Authors: Plotnikov V. S. , Plotnikova O. V.
Published: November 2023

Short-term financial control is a rather laborious process for a financier and takes up to 60 percent of the time of financial management. Its main content is the formation of information about the cash flows expected in the near future when concluding and executing exchange transactions. At the same time, it is necessary to accurately determine the objects of short-term financial control and clearly link them with the objects of financial accounting. In the article, exchange transactions carried out by organizations both on the exchange and over-the-counter financial market are selected as the object of research. More precisely, the main attention in the article is focused on the system of financial control and financial accounting of contractual obligations arising from the conclusion of contracts between the subjects of an exchange transaction in the financial market. According to the results of the study, the authors of the article came to the conclusion that the procedures of short-term financial control in the management of exchange transactions assume the continuity of the information contained in the financial management system and in financial accounting and ensuring the effectiveness of the management of market trade in economic resources.