bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
English Prize Essay Happiness and Experimentalism: on H(a)ppy and The Lesser Bohemians
Authors: Purvis Samantha
Published: January 2020

This essay contends that happiness offers an alternative point of entry into recent debates about the supposed ‘hybridity’ or ‘dialectic’ of realism and experimentalism in contemporary literature. Sarah Ahmed’s The Promise of Happiness suggests that happiness is a particularly contemporary concern; I will also argue that it has been brought surprisingly to the fore in two recent experimental texts, Eimear McBride’s The Lesser Bohemians1 and Nicola Barker’s H(A)PPY. At first glance, the marriage of experimentalism and happiness may appear odd; as Sianne Ngai observes, the avant-garde ‘is conventionally imagined as sharp and pointy, as hard- or cutting-edge’, and Rachel Greenwald Smith has delineated a supposed tension between affect and postmodernism. However, Claire Colebrook’s theory of a relationship between literature and non-teleological or desubjectivized happiness helps us to see how Barker and McBride mobilize the destabilizing capacities inhering in literary form to return a greater complexity and ambivalence to the concept of happiness. This suggests one way of placing the novels in terms of literary history and contemporary aesthetics, evoking what Timotheus Vermeulen and Robin van den Akker call a ‘metamodernist oscillation’ between postmodern suspicion and modernist hope. However, the erratic behaviour of happiness as narrative telos in the novels also challenges the logic of aesthetic categories by alerting us to the strangeness of literary form, suggesting that qualities normally attributed to experimental writing may be possibilities inhering in literature as such.
Direct stress field estimation through waveform matching
Authors: Kuang Wenhuan , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2020

Conventionally, the routine workflow of stress field estimation from seismic data consists of two steps: focal mechanism inversion and stress inversion. This two-step workflow suffers from the cumulative uncertainties of both the focal mechanism inversion process and the stress inversion process. To mitigate the cumulative errors, a few previous studies have put efforts to directly estimate the stress field using P-wave polarities. In this study, we develop a new approach to directly estimate tectonic stress fields with better accuracy through waveform matching. This new approach combines the two steps into a one-step workflow to mitigate the cumulative uncertainties through the physical relationship between a stress field and the recorded waveforms. This method assumes a homogeneous stress field in space in the local source region and that the fault slip occurs in the direction of the resolved shear stress acting on the fault plane. Under these assumptions, the stress pattern that generates the theoretical waveforms that best fit the waveforms observed is directly retrieved as the true stress field. The merits of the new approach include that this approach can mitigate the cumulative uncertainties suffered from the conventional two-step workflow and does not require determination of the focal mechanisms of each event; thus, this method is applicable to data sets with few stations. Synthetic tests with and without noise are conducted to demonstrate the performance and merits of this method. Then, the new approach is applied to a real data set from central Oklahoma between March 2013 and March 2016. The resulting stress pattern is consistent with that estimated from previous studies examining the same region. These applications show the benefits and validity of the new approach.
National health information technology priorities for research: A policy and development agenda
Authors: Zayas-Cabán Teresa , Chaney Kevin J , Rucker Donald W
Published: January 2020

The growth of digitized health data presents exciting opportunities to leverage the health information technology (IT) infrastructure for advancing biomedical and health services research. However, challenges impede use of those resources effectively and at scale to improve outcomes. The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) led a collaborative effort to identify challenges, priorities, and actions to leverage health IT and electronic health data for research. Specifically, ONC led a review of relevant literature and programs, key informant interviews, and a stakeholder workshop to identify electronic health data and health IT infrastructure gaps. This effort resulted in the National Health IT Priorities for Research: A Policy and Development Agenda, which articulates an optimized health information ecosystem for scientific discovery. This article outlines 9 priorities and recommended actions to be implemented in collaboration with the research and informatics communities for realizing this vision.
Net Energy of high-protein sunflower meal fed to growing pigs and effect of dietary phosphorus on measured values of NE
Authors: Kim Jong Woong , Lee Jinyoung , Nyachoti Charles Martin
Published: January 2020

An experiment was carried out to determine energy values of high-protein sunflower meal (HP-SFM) and to compare the energy values of HP-SFM determined using either a phosphorus (P)-deficient basal diet or a P-adequate basal diet. Twenty-four growing barrows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates per treatment. Four experimental diets including 2 basal diets containing 2 levels of standardized total tract digestible P (i.e., P-deficient and P-adequate) and the other 2 diets containing 30% HP-SFM with each basal diet (i.e., HP-SFM 1 diet and HP-SFM 2 diet) were formulated to determine the energy values of HP-SFM and to compare energy values of HP-SFM determined by the difference method using 2 basal diets. Pigs were fed diets for 15 d including 10 d for adaptation and 5 d for total collections. Pigs were then moved to indirect calorimetry chambers to determine total heat production (THP) and fasting heat production (FHP). A reduced (P < 0.01) amount of nitrogen was retained in pigs fed the P-deficient basal diet compared with those fed the other diets. The THP of pigs fed the HP-SFM 1 and 2 diets was greater (P < 0.01) than those fed the P-deficient basal diet with the intermediate value for pigs fed the P-adequate basal diet. The retained energy (RE) as protein of pigs fed the P-deficient basal diet was less (P < 0.01) but RE as lipid was greater (P < 0.01) than those fed the P-adequate basal, or HP-SFM 1 and 2 diets. However, there was no difference in FHP of pigs among the dietary treatments. The NE of HP-SFM determined using the P-deficient basal diet was 2,062 kcal/kg, as-fed basis, whereas the value determined using the P-adequate basal diet was 2,151 kcal/kg. Although no differences were observed in energy values, the amount of P in basal diet might affect energy balance by modifying N utilization, thus, a diet containing adequate amount of P is a more suitable basal diet when the difference method is used for calculation of NE in a feed ingredient.
Reducing Unjust Convictions: Plea Bargaining, Trial, and Evidence Disclosure
Authors: Daughety Andrew F , Reinganum Jennifer F
Published: January 2020

We develop a dynamic model of a criminal case, from arrest through plea bargaining and (possibly) trial, allowing for the potential discovery of exculpatory evidence by prosecutors (who choose whether to disclose it) and defendants. We consider three regimes: (1) no disclosure required; (2) disclosure only required before trial; and (3) early disclosure required from arrest onward. These regimes have complex distributional consequences for the defendants. We find that innocent defendants ex ante prefer early disclosure whereas guilty defendants prefer disclosure only before trial. We also explore some of the social costs attributable to the regimes (JEL K4, D82, D73).
Characterizing lognormal fractional-Brownian-motion density fields with a convolutional neural network
Authors: Bates M L , Whitworth A P , Lomax O D
Published: January 2020

In attempting to quantify statistically the density structure of the interstellar medium, astronomers have considered a variety of fractal models. Here, we argue that, to properly characterize a fractal model, one needs to define precisely the algorithm used to generate the density field, and to specify – at least – three parameters: one parameter constrains the spatial structure of the field, one parameter constrains the density contrast between structures on different scales, and one parameter constrains the dynamic range of spatial scales over which self-similarity is expected (either due to physical considerations, or due to the limitations of the observational or numerical technique generating the input data). A realistic fractal field must also be noisy and non-periodic. We illustrate this with the exponentiated fractional Brownian motion (xfBm) algorithm, which is popular because it delivers an approximately lognormal density field, and for which the three parameters are, respectively, the power spectrum exponent, β, the exponentiating factor, ${\cal S}$, and the dynamic range, ${\cal R}$. We then explore and compare two approaches that might be used to estimate these parameters: machine learning and the established Δ-Variance procedure. We show that for 2 ≤ β ≤ 4 and $0\le {\cal S}\le 3$, a suitably trained Convolutional Neural Network is able to estimate objectively both β (with root-mean-square error $\epsilon _{_\beta }\sim 0.12$) and ${\cal S}$ (with $\epsilon _{_{\cal S}}\sim 0.29$). Δ-variance is also able to estimate β, albeit with a somewhat larger error ($\epsilon _{_\beta }\sim 0.17$) and with some human intervention, but is not able to estimate ${\cal S}$.
The bahamas project: effects of a running scalar spectral index on large-scale structure
Authors: Stafford Sam G , McCarthy Ian G , Crain Robert A , Salcido Jaime , Schaye Joop , Font Andreea S , Kwan Juliana , Pfeifer Simon
Published: January 2020

Recent analyses of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the Lyman α forest indicate a mild preference for a deviation from a power-law primordial matter power spectrum (a so-called running). We introduce an extension to the bahamas suite of simulations to explore the effects that a running scalar spectral index has on large-scale structure (LSS), using Planck CMB constraints to initialize the simulations. We focus on five key statistics: (i) the non-linear matter power spectrum (ii) the halo mass function; (iii) the halo two-point autocorrelation function; (iv) total mass halo density profiles; and (v) the halo concentration–mass relation. We find that the matter power spectrum in a Planck-constrained running cosmology is affected on all k-scales examined in this study. These effects on the matter power spectrum should be detectable with upcoming surveys such as LSST and Euclid. A positive running cosmology leads to an increase in the mass of galaxy groups and clusters, with the favoured negative running leading to a decrease in mass of lower mass ($M \lesssim 10^{13} \, \textrm{M}_{\odot }$) haloes, but an increase for the most massive ($M \gtrsim 10^{13} \, \textrm{M}_{\odot }$) haloes. Changes in the mass are generally confined to $5\rm {-}10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ which, while not insignificant, cannot by itself reconcile the claimed tension between the primary CMB and cluster number counts. We also demonstrate that the observed effects on LSS due to a running scalar spectral index are separable from those of baryonic effects to typically a few per cent precision.
Thermal instability revisited
Authors: Falle S A E G , Wareing C J , Pittard J M
Published: January 2020

Field’s linear analysis of thermal instability is repeated using methods related to Whitham’s theory of wave hierarchies, which brings out the physically relevant parameters in a much clearer way than in the original analysis. It is also used for the stability of non-equilibrium states and we show that for gas cooling behind a shock, the usual analysis is only quantitatively valid for shocks that are just able to trigger a transition to the cold phase. A magnetic field can readily be included and we show that this does not change the stability criteria. By considering steady shock solutions, we show that almost all plausible initial conditions lead to a magnetically dominated state on the unstable part of the equilibrium curve. These results are used to analyse numerical calculations of perturbed steady shock solutions and of shocks interacting with a warm cloud.
Age dating the Galactic bar with the nuclear stellar disc
Authors: Baba Junichi , Kawata Daisuke
Published: January 2020

From the decades of the theoretical studies, it is well known that the formation of the bar triggers the gas funnelling into the central sub-kpc region and leads to the formation of a kinematically cold nuclear stellar disc (NSD). We demonstrate that this mechanism can be used to identify the formation epoch of the Galactic bar, using an N-body/hydrodynamics simulation of an isolated Milky Way–like galaxy. As shown in many previous literature, our simulation shows that the bar formation triggers an intense star formation for ∼1 Gyr in the central region and forms an NSD. As a result, the oldest age limit of the NSD is relatively sharp, and the oldest population becomes similar to the age of the bar. Therefore, the age distribution of the NSD tells us the formation epoch of the bar. We discuss that a major challenge in measuring the age distribution of the NSD in the Milky Way is contamination from other non-negligible stellar components in the central region, such as a classical bulge component. We demonstrate that because the NSD is kinematically colder than the other stellar populations in the Galactic central region, the NSD population can be kinematically distinguished from the other stellar populations, if the 3D velocity of tracer stars is accurately measured. Hence, in addition to the line-of-sight velocities from spectroscopic surveys, the accurate measurements of the transverse velocities of stars are necessary, and hence the near-infrared space astrometry mission, JASMINE, would play a crucial role to identify the formation epoch of the Galactic bar. We also discuss that the accuracy of stellar age estimation is also crucial to measure the oldest limit of the NSD stellar population.
The high-redshift SFR–M* relation is sensitive to the employed star formation rate and stellar mass indicators: towards addressing the tension between observations and simulations
Authors: Katsianis A , Gonzalez V , Barrientos D , Yang X , Lagos C D P , Schaye J , Camps P , Trčka A , Baes M , Stalevski M , Blanc G A , Theuns T
Published: January 2020

There is a severe tension between the observed star formation rate (SFR)–stellar mass (M⋆) relations reported by different authors at z = 1–4. In addition, the observations have not been successfully reproduced by state-of-the-art cosmological simulations that tend to predict a factor of 2–4 smaller SFRs at a fixed M⋆. We examine the evolution of the SFR–M⋆ relation of z = 1–4 galaxies using the skirt simulated spectral energy distributions of galaxies sampled from the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments simulations. We derive SFRs and stellar masses by mimicking different observational techniques. We find that the tension between observed and simulated SFR–M⋆ relations is largely alleviated if similar methods are used to infer the galaxy properties. We find that relations relying on infrared wavelengths (e.g. 24 ${\rm \, \mu m}$, MIPS – 24, 70, and 160 ${\rm \, \mu m}$ or SPIRE – 250, 350, and 500 ${\rm \, \mu m}$) have SFRs that exceed the intrinsic relation by 0.5 dex. Relations that rely on the spectral energy distribution fitting technique underpredict the SFRs at a fixed stellar mass by −0.5 dex at z ∼ 4 but overpredict the measurements by 0.3 dex at z ∼ 1. Relations relying on dust-corrected rest-frame ultraviolet luminosities, are flatter since they overpredict/underpredict SFRs for low/high star-forming objects and yield deviations from the intrinsic relation from 0.10 to −0.13 dex at z ∼ 4. We suggest that the severe tension between different observational studies can be broadly explained by the fact that different groups employ different techniques to infer their SFRs.
Predictable Properties of Fitness Landscapes Induced by Adaptational Tradeoffs
Authors: Das Suman G. , Direito Susana O. L. , Waclaw Bartlomiej , Allen Rosalind J. , Krug Joachim
Published: January 2020

Fitness effects of mutations depend on environmental parameters. For example, mutations that increase fitness of bacteria at high antibiotic concentration often decrease fitness in the absence of antibiotic, exemplifying a tradeoff between adaptation to environmental extremes. We develop a mathematical model for fitness landscapes generated by such tradeoffs, based on experiments that determine the antibiotic dose-response curves ofEscherichia colistrains, and previous observations on antibiotic resistance mutations. Our model generates a succession of landscapes with predictable properties as antibiotic concentration is varied. The landscape is nearly smooth at low and high concentrations, but the tradeoff induces a high ruggedness at intermediate antibiotic concentrations. Despite this high ruggedness, however, all the fitness maxima in the landscapes are evolutionarily accessible from the wild type. This implies that selection for antibiotic resistance in multiple mutational steps is relatively facile despite the complexity of the underlying landscape.
Counteracting Genome Instability by p53-dependent Mintosis
Authors: Liang Jianqing , Niu Zubiao , Yu Xiaochen , Zhang Bo , Zheng You , Wang Manna , Ruan Banzhan , Qin Hongquan , Zhang Xin , Gu Songzhi , Sai Xiaoyong , Tai Yanhong , Gao Lihua , Ma Li , Chen Zhaolie , Huang Hongyan , Wang Xiaoning , Sun Qiang
Published: January 2020

Entosis was proposed to promote aneuploidy and genome instability by cell-in-cell mediated engulfment in tumor cells. We reported here, in epithelial cells, that entosis coupled with mitotic arrest functions to counteract genome instability by targeting aneuploid mitotic progenies for engulfment and elimination. We found that the formation of cell-in-cell structures associated with prolonged mitosis, which was sufficient to induce entosis. This process was controlled by the tumor suppressor p53 (wild type) that upregulates Rnd3 expression in response to DNA damages associated with prolonged metaphase. Rnd3 compartmentalized RhoA activities accumulated during prolonged metaphase to drive cell-in-cell formation. Remarkably, this prolongedmitosis-induced entosis(mintosis) selectively targets non-diploid progenies for internalization, blockade of which increased aneuploidy. Thus, our work uncovered a heretofore unrecognized mechanism of mitotic surveillance for entosis, which eliminates newly-born abnormal daughter cells in a p53-depedent way to maintain genome integrity.
Efficient approximations for stationary single-channel Ca2+nanodomains across length scales
Authors: Chen Y , Muratov C , Matveev V
Published: January 2020

We consider the stationary solution for the Ca2+concentration near a point Ca2+source describing a single-channel Ca2+nanodomain, in the presence of a single mobile Ca2+buffer with one-to-one Ca2+binding. We present computationally efficient approximants that estimate stationary single-channel Ca2+nanodomains with great accuracy in broad regions of parameter space. The presented approximants have a functional form that combines rational and exponential functions, which is similar to that of the well-known Excess Buffer Approximation and the linear approximation, but with parameters estimated using two novel (to our knowledge) methods. One of the methods involves interpolation between the short-range Taylor series of the buffer concentration and its long-range asymptotic series in inverse powers of distance from the channel. Although this method has already been used to find Padé (rational-function) approximants to single-channel Ca2+and buffer concentration, extending this method to interpolants combining exponential and rational functions improves accuracy in a significant fraction of the relevant parameter space. A second method is based on the variational approach, and involves a global minimization of an appropriate functional with respect to parameters of the chosen approximations. Extensive parameter sensitivity analysis is presented, comparing these two methods with previously developed approximants. Apart from increased accuracy, the strength of these approximants is that they can be extended to more realistic buffers with multiple binding sites characterized by cooperative Ca2+binding, such as calmodulin and calretinin.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Mathematical and computational modeling plays an important role in the study of local Ca2+signals underlying vesicle exocysosis, muscle contraction and other fundamental physiological processes. Closed-form approximations describing steady-state distribution of Ca2+in the vicinity of an open Ca2+channel have proved particularly useful for the qualitative modeling of local Ca2+signals. We present simple and efficient approximants for the Ca2+concentration in the presence of a mobile Ca2+buffer, which achieve great accuracy over a wide range of model parameters. Such approximations provide an efficient method for estimating Ca2+and buffer concentrations without resorting to numerical simulations, and allow to study the qualitative dependence of nanodomain Ca2+distribution on the buffer’s Ca2+binding properties and its diffusivity.
Estimation for normal contact stiffness of joint surfaces by considering the variation of critical deformation
Authors: Sun Qingchao , Liu Xin , Mu Xiaokai , Gao Yichao
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to study the relationship between normal contact stiffness and contact load. It purpose a new calculation model of the normal contact stiffness of joint surfaces by considering the elastic–plastic critical deformation change of asperities contact.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper described the surface topography of joint surfaces based on fractal geometry, and fractal parameters and of fractal function derived from measurement data. According to the plastic–elastic contact theory, the contact deformation characteristic of asperities was analyzed; the critical deformation estimation model was presented, which expressed critical deformation as the function of fractal parameters and contact deformation; the contact stiffness calculation model of single asperity was brought forward by considering critical deformation change.

Findings

The paper combined the surface topography description function, analyzed the asperity contact states by considering the critical deformation change, and calculated normal contact stiffness based on fractal theory and contact deformation analysis. The comparison between theoretical contact stiffness and experimental data indicated that the theoretical normal contact stiffness agreed with the experimental data, and the estimation model for normal contact stiffness was appropriate.

Research limitations/implications

Owing to the possibility of plastic deformation during the loading process, the experimental curve between the contact stiffness and the contact load is nonlinear, resulting in an error between the experimental results and the theoretical calculation results.

Originality/value

The paper established the relationship between critical deformation and fractal surface topography by constructing asperity distribution function. The paper proposed a new normal contact stiffness calculation model of joint surfaces by considering the variation of critical deformation in contact process.
Numerical simulation and verification of MHD-vortex
Authors: Khatsayuk Maxim , Timofeev Viktor , Demidovich Viktor
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is research and development of the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)-vortex technology.

Design/methodology/approach

The main instruments of research are mathematical modeling. For mathematical modeling used numerical and analytical both methods. For verification was made small copy of facility with forming of vortex in rotating magnetic field.

Findings

The design and manufacture of the industrial unit for melting small metal waste in a gas-fired smelt furnace has been completed.

Originality/value

Here shows new algorithm for engineering calculation of arc induction systems with take into account longitudinal edge effect and discrete distribution of current layers. Also shows verification of numerical results. Presented new MHD-technology for forming vortex in electromagnetic field.
Simulation and experimental studies of induction hardening behavior of a new medium-carbon, low-alloy wear resistance steel
Authors: Javaheri Vahid , Asperheim John Inge , Grande Bjørnar , Kolli Satish , Porter David
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to determine the induction hardening behavior of a new steel composition. For this purpose, Flux2D commercial software together with a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator has been used to numerically and physically simulate the material properties profile of an induction hardened slurry transportation pipe made of a recently developed 0.4 Wt.% C, Nb-microalloyed steel.

Design/methodology/approach

Flux 2D commercial software together with a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator machine has been used to predict the induction behavior of the studied material. After calculating the thermal history of a 400 mm diameter, 10 mm thick pipe at various positions through the thickness, different heating and cooling paths were physically simulated using the Gleeble machine to predict the through thickness material microstructure and hardness profiles.

Finding

The results showed that by coupling a phase transformation model considering the effect of heating rate on the austenite transformation temperatures which allows calculations for arbitrary cooling paths with calculated induction heating and quenching thermal cycles, it has been possible to design induction hardening parameters for a slurry transport pipe material.

Originality/value

The composition used in this research as well as the methodology approach is designed at this work.
The social value creation of MNEs – a literature review across multiple academic fields
Authors: Sinkovics Noemi , Archie-acheampong Jason
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how different academic fields within and outside of international business (IB) engage with the topics of social value creation in the context of multinational enterprises (MNEs). The aim is to take stock of the main themes and offer suggestions for future research avenues.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper undertakes a scoping review. The authors use the Web of Science database to identify relevant articles. The database search yielded 466 articles. The NVivo software was used to code and identify key thematic areas.

Findings

The matrix analysis performed in NVivo yielded 15 main thematic areas spanning 37 research fields. However, further analysis revealed that 89 per cent of the articles originated from 13 fields. Furthermore, while IB journals represent the second-largest field home to publications related to the social value creation of MNEs, they only account for 12 per cent of the sample.

Originality/value

The paper responds to prior calls to reduce disciplinary silos through the performing of a thematic analysis across a multitude of research fields.
Sharing a powerful IDEA: learning organizations collaborating to innovate and design engaging applications in STEM education
Authors: Sterrett William L. , Azam Rauf I. , Moallem Mahnaz , Boersma Jess , Bashir Ahsan , Ricanek Karl , Saeed Mohammad Alam , Butt Intzar Hussain , Mahmood Aisha , Sukhera Sohail Masood , Gordon Christopher Raymond
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This study sought to better understand how to support and plan for a collaborative effort that brought educators together from three universities in the United States and Pakistan. This project sough to foster collaborative relationships between the two countries by expanding knowledge, collaboration, and capacity in middle schools in the Punjab region of Pakistan with a particular focus on underrepresented students and middle grades STEM instruction.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was informed through the use of formative survey data gathered from the workshop participants throughout the course of the week. The researchers conducted pre and post surveys of 22 participants using Likert scale items.

Findings

This project provided insights regarding curriculum alignment, engaging communication, teacher-centered formative data. These findings offered insights on how to grow as reflective practitioners and researchers, and how to form a robust multi-national professional learning community.

Research limitations/implications

The survey data were gathered from participants who willingly sought professional development in one region of Pakistan. The sample was small (four participating middle schools and one local university) and thus the findings cannot be necessarily generalized to a greater population.

Practical implications

This project provides practical insights of how teams can work together in regard to building a professional learning community. Teams can plan with intentionality, foster various modes of discussion, and empower both teachers and students to inquire, solve problems, and share their insights.

Social implications

The STEM topics in this study are important across continents. Navigating time constraints and distance is feasible through communication, attention to objectives and clarity in goals, and a desire to learn outside of one’s usual comfort zones.

Originality/value

This project was unique in the time and space in which it was designed and implemented, yet it offers value in fostering ongoing collaboration through various modalities and in being intentional in the planning process.
Rural immersion program in India: integrating management education with community
Authors: Malhotra Smitu , Pingali Venugopal
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review Indian management-school programs that integrate social and environmental concerns in the curriculum.

Approach

The paper analyses the data provided in the form of reports submitted by students after the rural immersion program and draws inferences from the written material.

Findings

This paper illustrates the usefulness of the rural immersion program in sensitizing students about the social divide that exists in India; thus, it helps inculcate an inclusive mind-set.

Practical implications

This paper emphasizes the usefulness of creating a management curriculum that integrates societal issues in the learning process.

Originality/value

The paper discusses how a top Indian business school is attempting to develop socially-responsible managers.
A new educational paradigm for the 21st century
Authors: Cunningham Ian
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This paper calls for a New Educational Paradigm in which young people are supported through an educational process that assists them to take charge of their own learning. A process in which they choose what they want to learn and how rather than the current system that requires them to regurgitate facts in order to pass tests/exams.

Design/methodology/approach

A viewpoint based on the author's experience of running the Self Managed Learning College in the UK for the past 20 years and his forthcoming book detailing the research evidence that highlights the need for change.

Findings

Businesses complain that the education system does not currently equip young people with the skills they need to thrive in the ever-changing world of work. The system needs to change and business leaders need to get involved. The College is one example of many around the world where people are deciding to get away from the rigidities, inappropriateness and waste of the current system.

Originality/value

The College is a unique environment which has been successfully operating for 20 years. The operating processes of the College match the outcomes needed in the working world and wider society. It provides an exemplar of how to help young people take responsibility for their own learning in order for them to lead a good life in the future.
La tecnología usada como arma Para vencer a la informalidad. El éxito del SCOP
Authors: Amesquita Fidel Edgard , Morales Oswaldo
Published: January 2020

Supplementary materials

Se adjunta notas de estudio.

Learning outcomes

Conocer la problemática de la informalidad y cómo ésta se desarrolla, aprovechando las falencias de control de las instituciones públicas y privadas. Así como su crecimiento por la legitimidad de la sociedad. Analizar el rol del organismo regulador en su lucha contra la informalidad desde el área de su influencia que es el sector energía. Analizar el impacto económico y social de una solución como la planteada en el caso. Analizar el impacto a nivel de políticas públicas de soluciones como la planteada en el caso. Revisar la estrategia de la mano de la tecnología pueden lograr el desarrollo de soluciones originales para luchar contra la informalidad

Case overview/synopsis

Caso de estudio escrito sobre la base de una historia real de éxito que explica el desarrollo de una solución tecnológica que permitió al Organismo Supervisor de Energía y Minería del Perú (OSINERGMIN) combatir eficazmente la informalidad en la comercialización de combustibles y convertirse en un referente en la región. La historia empieza recreando el sistema que existía de comercialización de combustibles y cómo las falencias del propio sistema alentaban la aparición de comerciantes informales que se beneficiaban de la situación. También se explica como la autoridad reguladora decide hacer frente a esta problemática creando una unidad especial que combata este flagelo y cómo después de algunos fracasos se logra diseñar una estrategia original con ayuda de la tecnología que finalmente logra controlar la informalidad

Complexity academic level

Escuelas de negocios, donde se pueden analizar diferentes aspectos como la estrategia empleada en la cadena de suministro del comercio informal o formal. También se recomienda su utilización en programas de maestría en sectores específicos, como la gestión pública o la administración de la energía. Finalmente, también puede ser utilizado en emprendimiento, dado que el emprendimiento informal es considerado como una nueva línea de investigación en este campo.

Subject code

CSS 11: Strategy.
The effect of innovation and strategic planning on enhancing organizational performance of Dubai Police
Authors: Alosani Mohammed Saleh , Yusoff Rushami , Al-Dhaafri Hassan
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine empirically the joint effect of innovation and strategic planning on organizational performance of Dubai Police.

Design/methodology/approach

To examine the hypothesized model of the study, a survey questionnaire was used. The data were collected from the general department of total quality of the Dubai Police. The total number of questionnaires distributed was 150, out of which only 95 usable questionnaires were returned and ready for analysis. The regression approach through SPSS was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.

Findings

The statistical results confirm the effect of strategic planning and innovation on the organizational performance of Dubai Police.

Research limitations/implications

Further details and valuable implications are discussed throughout the study. The results have many practical implications, in that it can help managers to make proper decisions when deciding to implement innovation and strategic planning in their organizations.

Originality/value

This study is a rare and unique empirical study that examines the effect of innovation and strategic planning on the organizational performance of Dubai Police.
Embeddedness and entrepreneurial traditions
Authors: Elo Maria , Dana Leo-Paul
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore how entrepreneurship traditions evolve in diaspora.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative multiple case study examining the role of diaspora embeddedness, extended family, ethno-religious-, cultural- and social ties and relevant structures shaping diaspora entrepreneurship.

Findings

The authors found that social ties and diaspora embeddedness create dynamism fostering entrepreneurial identity as a part of the Bukharian culture, and as a preferred career option in the context of Bukharian Jews in diaspora. Diasporic family businesses are products of culture and tradition that migrate to new locations with families and communities, not as disconnected business entities.

Research limitations/implications

The ways in which families nurture a highly entrepreneurial culture that transfers across generations and contexts are context-specific and notper segeneralizable to other diasporas.

Practical implications

Diasporans often continue their traditions and become again entrepreneurs after their settlement, or they may generate hybrid, circular solutions that allow them to employ their competences in the new contexts or connecting various contexts. This calls for transnational entrepreneurship-policymaking.

Social implications

Time changes diasporas. A long-term commitment to the business environment evolves and reduces the mobility of the individual diasporan; typically the children of these migrants become more integrated and develop divergent career paths. Hence, their plans are not necessarily including family entrepreneurship creating a challenge for continuation of the original culture of entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

Despite a notable tradition in Jewish studies, there is limited research on Jewish entrepreneurial diaspora and its contemporary entrepreneurial identity and tradition. Furthermore, the population of Bukharian Jews is an unknown and under-explored highly entrepreneurial group that may offer instrumental views to larger diasporic audiences being concerned about maintaining notions of ethnic heritage and identity.
Social and economic benefits of doctors on online health-care platforms based on the social capital theory
Authors: Zang Zhixia , Tan Ke , Yang Xue , Wang Chengjue , Li Geng
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the factors and mechanism which influence the doctor’s social and economic benefits from the perspective of social capital.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper mainly investigates the factors and mechanism influencing the doctor's social and economic benefits from the perspective of social capital and then constructs a doctor's social capital model and discusses the effects of doctor's social capital on their economic and social benefits; what is more, this paper also considers the moderating effect of patients’ group behavior.

Findings

The results show that the doctor's social capital has a positive and significant effect on doctor's economic benefits, while it has a negative and significant effect on doctors' social benefits. Patients’ group behavior plays an important moderating role; in particular, the number of online patients of doctors can effectively strengthen follow-up patients’ positive perception of the doctor capital, while the number of offline patients has a negative effect on doctors’ economic benefits, but it can reduce its negative impact on doctors’ social benefits by establishing trust between patient and physician.

Originality/value

This paper enriches the relevant research of social capital theory in the medical field and broadens the research about online health care. For platforms, they should give more attention to doctors and their income issues, which is of great significance for their healthy and sustainable development.
Enmity or Amity? The Status of French Immigrants to England during an Age of War, c.1290–c.1540
Authors: ORMROD W. MARK
Published: January 2020

Between the late thirteenth and the mid‐sixteenth century, England and France were repeatedly at war. Little attention has been given to the status of those from France who emigrated to England over this period. The development of a distinction between the ‘alien in amity’ and the ‘alien in enmity’ suggests that these people may have been particularly vulnerable to official and unofficial hostility. Yet, while we know that the French were the single largest element in the immigrant population, there is next to no evidence that they were subject to particular discrimination. This study offers several explanations for this apparent conundrum. The position arose partly because significant numbers of French immigrants were low‐status agricultural workers whose presence fulfilled a labour need and whose presence was uncontentious. The main reason for the apparently relaxed attitude of the English state to the immigrant French, however, was a legacy of empire. Because a significant part of the French immigrant population came from lands that were, or had been, part of the Plantagenet dominions in France (especially Normandy and Gascony), and because the English crown continued to assert a right to the throne of France, officialdom tended to treat all French incomers as actually or potentially in amity. As a consequence, immigration from France continued in significant numbers: The article includes detailed analysis of the two occasions on which something approaching a census of French immigrants is possible, in the alien subsidy of 1440 and the mass denization of the early 1540s.
Re‐assembling climate change policy: Materialism, posthumanism, and the policy assemblage
Authors: Fox Nick J. , Alldred Pam
Published: January 2020

National and international policy‐makers have addressed threats to environmental sustainability from climate change and other environmental degradation for over 30 years. However, it is questionable whether current policies are socially, politically, economically, and scientifically capable of adequately resolving these threats to the planet and living organisms. In this paper we theorize and develop the concept of a “policy assemblage” from within a new materialist ontology, to interrogate critically four policy perspectives on climate change: “liberal environmentalism”; the United Nations policy statements on sustainable development; “green capitalism” (also known as “climate capitalism”) and finally “no‐growth economics.” A materialist analysis of interactions between climate change and policies enables us to establish what each policy can do, what it ignores or omits, and consequently its adequacy to address environmental sustainability in the face of climate change. None, we conclude, is adequate or appropriate to address climate change successfully. We then use this conceptual tool to establish a “posthuman” policy on climate change. Humans, from this perspective, are part of the environment, not separate from or in opposition to it, but possess unique capacities that we suggest are now necessary to address climate change. This ontology supplies the starting point from which to establish sociologically a scientifically, socially, and politically adequate posthuman climate change policy. We offer suggestions for the constituent elements of such a policy.
Changes in pH and electrolytes during therapeutic plasma exchange in patients with liver diseases and factors predictive of these changes
Authors: Nayak Sweta , Bajpai Meenu , Maiwall Rakhi , Mohapatra Archisman
Published: January 2020

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) disturbs the pH and electrolyte status. This study aimed to analyze the changes in pH, ionized calcium (iCa), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and bicarbonate (HCO3) of patients undergoing TPE and factors affecting these changes. The study included patients (age > 16 years) undergoing TPE from July 2016 to August 2017. Data on patient demographics, TPE procedures, pre‐, and immediate post‐TPE blood gas analysis values and adverse events during TPE were collected. A statistical analysis of the data was done to determine changes in pH and electrolytes and the factors affecting them. The changes in iCa, Na, and K due to the procedure were found to be statistically significant (P < .001). The changes in systolic (P = .010) and diastolic (P = .001) blood pressure during the procedure were significant. The predictors for the change in iCa were pre‐procedure iCa (P < .001), age of the patient (P < .001), and the pre‐procedure pH (P = .002). Complications related to hypocalcemia occurred in 12% of the TPE procedures. Hypocalcemic manifestations did not show any significant association with pre‐procedure iCa levels, change in iCa levels during the procedure and age or gender of the patient. TPE induces marked changes in electrolytes but these changes are transient and do not warrant any intervention. The correction of iCa levels pre‐TPE and continuous infusion of calcium during the procedure helps prevent marked fluctuations in iCa levels. This does not eliminate risks of hypocalcemia. Vigilance and preparedness to deal with complications related to hypocalcemia is the best strategy.
General practice training in regional and rural Australia: A cross‐sectional analysis of the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training study
Authors: Tapley Amanda , Davey Andrew R. , van Driel Mieke L. , Holliday Elizabeth G. , Morgan Simon , Mulquiney Katie , Turnock Alison , Spike Neil A. , Magin Parker J.
Published: January 2020

Objective

We aimed to investigate registrar, practice and consultation characteristics associated with varying degrees of GP registrars’ practice rurality.

Design

A cross‐sectional analysis of 12 rounds of data collection (2010‐2015) from the longitudinal Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training study, an ongoing, cohort study of Australian GP registrars. The principal analysis used was a generalised ordered logistic regression.

Setting/Participants

GP registrars in training practices within five of 17 GP regional training providers in five Australian states.

Main outcome measure

Degree of rurality of the practice in which the registrar undertook training terms was calculated from the practice postcode using the Australian Standard Classification‐Remoteness Area classification.

Results

A total of 1161 registrars contributed data for 166 998 patient consultations (response rate 95.5%). Of these, 56.9% were in major city practices (ASGC‐RA1), 25.7% were in inner‐regional practices (ASGC‐RA2) and 17.4% were in outer‐regional/rural practices (ASGC‐RA3‐5). Several statistically significant associations (P = < .001) were found within regional/rural practices (ASGC‐RA2‐5), when compared with major city practices (ASGC‐RA1). These included registrar characteristics such as being in Term 1, being medically trained overseas, and having worked at the practice previously; patient characteristics such as the patient being an existing patient, being older and being Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander; and consultation characteristics such as performance of procedures.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that registrars are undertaking rural practice early in their GP training and are being exposed to a rich and challenging mix of clinical and educational practice.