bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interference Colors of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Grown by Anodic Oxidation
Authors: Moon Jong Yun , Kemell Marianna , Punkkinen Risto , Hedman Hannu Pekka , Park Byungki , Suominen Arho , Heikkilä Lauri , Kim Hong , Tuominen Aulis
Published: February 2014

The study describes the interference color of anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays on titanium foil. TiO2 nanotube arrays are prepared by oxidizing titanium foil in an aqueous electrolyte solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF, 0.5 wt.%). The morphologies of the oxide film are characterized by FESEM. The empirical color properties are obtained using the L*a*b* system. The different interference colors of oxidized Ti samples are obtained depending on the anodization time. The anodization time clearly indicates a strong effect on the reflectance at the visible wavelength region, thus confirming the observed color differences. Consequently, the interference colors can be controlled by the anodization time. By observing the coloration of Ti during the anodization, the interference colors can be utilized to identify the thickness of oxide layer and the formation of nanotubes on Ti sheet.
Influence of Ni/B/N/TiO2 Nanocomposite Film on Hydrophilic Property of Rubber Dipping Former Surface
Authors: Masae Mahamasuhaimi , Sikong Lek , Kooptarnond Kalayanee , Taweepreeda Wirach , Saito Fumio
Published: February 2014

The objective of this study is to explore a method to improve hydrophilicity of the surface of formers that could be more easily dipped to produce high quality dipped rubber products. Photocatalytic TiO2 composite films were prepared by sol-gel method. Glass formers were coated with the Ni/B/N/TiO2 nanocomposite film by dipping method and annealed at 400°C for 1 h. Phase formation of TiO2 was characterized by XRD. Morphology of the TiO2 films was observed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Optical absorption of the films and degradation concentration of methylene blue had been measured employing UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The hydrophilicity of the thin films was determined in terms of the contact angles of water and NR rubber latex droplets on the coated TiO2 composite films under visible light irradiation. It was found from the experimentally study that the Ni/B/N/TiO2 nanocomposite film can improve wet-ability of the coated former surfaces.
Theoretical Analysis of Electrical Properties of GaAs Substrate-Nanowire P-N Junction
Authors: Chen Wen Li , Zhang Xia , Yan Xin , Li Jun Shuai , Huang Yong Qing , Ren Xiao Min
Published: February 2014

We theoretically analyze the electrical properties of GaAs substrate-nanowire p-n junction using Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD). The results show that GaAs nanowire-substrate p-n junction exhibits clear diode behavior which has been confirmed in some experiments. Increasing NWs doping concentration and diameter or shortening NWs length can enlarge the total current after the diode is conducted. Total current through p-n junction is approximately linearly proportional to NWs growth density. The substrate-nanowires p-n junction has smaller current than that of substrate-layer p-n junction, which implies the superiority of NW structure. These results constitute an important progress for experimental researches on nanowire-integrated devices.
Stamp Forming of Polypropylene Based Polymer-Metal Laminates: The Effect of Process Parameters on Spring Back
Authors: Wang Wen Tian , Venkatesan Sudharshan , Sexton Anthony , Kalyanasundaram Shankar
Published: February 2014

This paper investigates the effect of process parameters such as Blank Holder Force (BHF) and Feed Rate, on the spring back behavior of a polymer metal laminate (PML) system comprised of aluminum and polypropylene. Specimens were formed over a hemispherical punch in stamp forming process. A novel real time strain measuring system, ARAMIS, was employed to capture the strain evolution during forming. The results of this work indicate that both BHF and feed-rate exert influence in PML spring back behavior. Fundamental correlation between strain evolution during spring back and the shape of the finished part will be presented. A major finding from this work is that aluminum dominates the spring back behavior of PML in stamp forming.
Bed Topography Reconstruction in a Large Amplitude Meandering Flume: Application of Close Range Photogrammetry
Authors: Lo Brutto Mauro , Termini Donatella
Published: February 2014

Natural rivers are characterized by continuous variations in bed topography, especially along curved reaches. High resolution topographic data are necessary to analyze the mutual interactions between the downstream flow and the cross-stream flow, which determine the distribution of the bed-shear stress along the channel. Because of the difficulty in acquiring good and accurate data in rivers, the major part of studies have been conducted in laboratory flumes. This paper reports on a laboratory study in which the automatic digital photogrammetric survey was applied to derive the high-resolution Digital Surface Model (DSM) of the bed topography in a large amplitude meandering flume. In order to assess the advantages of the procedure, the bed profiles obtained by the DSM have been compared with those obtained using a servo-controlled vertical profiler (PV09) has been operated and discussed.
Using Glass Mat Thermoplastic as Automotive Bumper’s Material to Enhance Pedestrian Safety
Authors: Salem Ahmed Z.
Published: February 2014

The usage of softer systems in automotive bumper is a growing trend currently especially to serve the pedestrians safety function. The term softer here does refer to the bumper system’s dynamic behavior rather than its material’s flexure or tension modules. However, the usage of such softer systems would raise issues of structural integrity of the bumper during crash. There is a strong drive currently to adopt materials such as glass mat thermoplastic (GMT), high-strength sheet molding compound (SMC) for the bumper material and plastic polypropylene (PEP) for the bumper holders [1, 2, 3] in this regard. While both the GMT and SMC do enhance the pedestrian safety condition, they both show plastic deformation at crash, even in low-speed scenarios [2, 3]. The PEP holders react only as shock absorbers and act like mechanical fuses to be destroyed in car crash, preventing the main bumper from being damaged [4]. In this paper, we propose a remedy for this problem by changing the common system that the GMT and SMC materials are usually fitted at. We propose coating the bumper beam with a Rubber padding layer that eliminates the plastic strain at low-speed crash. We also examine the behavior of the PEP during such crash scenarios. We present here the results of a low-speed head-on automotive-pedestrian crash simulation scenario for these material models, using the explicit dynamics finite element code LS-DYNA within ANSYS integration setting. A simplified parameterized finite element model of the Ford Crown Victoria car’s bumper form is used in several crash simulations that are carried out to test the validity of this modified bumper system. Based on the results of these tests, we show that, applying the Rubber coating material for the GMT and SMC bumper beams eliminates the plastic stains at low-speed crash.
The Electrically Controlled Birefringence Measurement Influence of Liquid Crystal Caused by Absorption Effect in Infrared Region
Authors: Wang Ning , Li Xiao Xia
Published: February 2014

The electrically controlled birefringence of nematic liquid crystal BL-009 was measured by polarized interference method. The influence of LC absorption effect, the birefringence variation, is discussed in this paper. The experiments results showed the influence to birefringence is big in infrared region. Not only the birefringence value is greatly different with that of unconsidering absorption effect, but also the gradient changing of birefringence curves is obvious. Furthermore, the electrically controlled birefringences of two conditions are compared when the absorption coefficients of ordinary light and the extraordinary light are nearly same and greatly different. The analysis demonstrated the approximate method of absorption coefficient is feasible.
Experimental Studies on Fracture Properties of 30CrMnSiNi2A Steel
Authors: Wu Hai Jun , Sun Kun , Guo Chao , Huang Feng Lei , Ma Xiu Fang
Published: February 2014

The 30CrMnSiNi2A steel has been commonly used in the national defense industry and engineering areas. The fracture properties of the material are studied by dynamic tensile tests on a traditional Hopkinson system and three-point bend tests on a modified Hopkinson loading system. The dynamic tensile experiments results show that 30CrMnSiNi2A steel is sensitive of the strain rate. The dynamic fracture toughness of the material increases with the rise of loading rate, but its value is less than the static fracture toughness value. Move over, the fracture mechanism is investigated through macroscopic and microstructural analysis, which reveals that the fracture mechanism of 30CrMnSiNi2A belongs to quasi-cleavage fracture.
Slender Mixed Concrete Filled Steel Columns, in Fire Condition
Authors: Sant'anna Matheus Sarcedo , Moreno Jr Armando Lopes , Gomide Kleber Aparecido
Published: February 2014

This research is part of an extensive developing line at the Laboratory of Structures at Faculty of Civil Engineering in State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, about the behavior of columns in fire situation. In this paper, experimental results on the behavior of steel columns, slender, unfilled or filled with usual strength concrete in fire situation, are presented and compared with standard codes. It was observed that concrete filling of columns made of tubular steel profiles may provide significant improvement in structures fire safety.
Long Lasting Phosphorescence in Mn2+-Activeted ZnO-B2O3 Glass
Authors: Lian Zhi Hong , Su Qiang
Published: February 2014

Mn2+ activated ZnO-B2O3 glasses show bright and long-lasting phosphorescence (LLP). After irradiation by 254nm light, a visible red light with dominating peak at 600nm can be observed with the naked eye in the dark for up to 12h after removal of the activating light. We examined the luminescence properties using fluorescence, phosphorescence spectra and thermostimulated luminescence (TL). This phosphorescence arises from d-d transitions of Mn2+ ions. The thermostimulated luminescence (TL) intensity increases with the increasing of Mn2+ concentration from 1×10-3 mol % to 1×10-1 mol %. The decay curve of the LLP is consistent with the TL releasing velocity raised from defects of 420K. Based on the fact, we suggest that LLP is a special kind of thermostimulate luminescence. The storage and releasing of energy is closely associated with properties of defects, while the properties of LLP are related to both the defects and luminescence centers.
Characterization and Correction of Temperature Effects on Ru(bpy)32+ Fluorescence Films Used in Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
Authors: Zhao Xian De , Zheng Wen Gang , Dong Da Ming , Zhang Shi Rui , Jiao Lei Zi
Published: February 2014

The spectral characteristic of the fluorescence film used in dissolved oxygen sensor is influenced by temperature. In this paper, we quantitatively studied the temperature effect of the dissolved oxygen sensitive film based on Ru (bpy)32+ complexes. In order to study how it was affected, two experiments were designed. One experiment was carried out when the sensitive membrane was dipped into solution of saturated sodium sulfite, in which case, there was no oxygen interference. The other experiment was implemented when the sensitive film was exposed to air, while the influence of oxygen was constant. In the processes of both experiments, we adjusted the temperature around the sensitive membrane. When the temperature rising from 0°C to 45°C, the fluorescence intensity emitted from the sensitive film was reduced which in the first experiment decreased from 5030counts to 3845counts and in the second experiment from 2314counts to 1407counts. Then a method can correct the temperature effect was proposed. The curve of spectrum at 25°C was supposed to be the standard and spectrums at other temperatures was corrected to be consistent with it. The correction coefficient of every wavelength was got through our calculation. After multiplying the coefficients, fluorescence intensity at different temperatures was approximately equal and the differences caused by temperature were eliminated.
Adhesion Assessment of BNT Films on Titanium Substrates Using a Scratch Test
Authors: Xu Fang Chao , Kusukawa Kazuhiro
Published: February 2014

Lead-free piezoelectric (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 (BNT) films were deposited on 0.2 mm thick pure titanium (Ti) substrates by a hydrothermal method. Scratch tests were performed to quantitatively assess the adhesion strength between BNT films and Ti substrates. Ti substrates were pretreated by chemical polish and mechanical polish respectively prior to BNT film deposition with a view of investigating the effects of substrate surface pretreatments on the adhesion of BNT film. In the scratch test, the behaviour of BNT film exfoliation was investigated by SEM observation. The scratch test results revealed that the chemical polish pretreatment effectively improved the adhesion of BNT films.
First–Principles Study Including Zero Point Energy on Hydrogen in Palladium for Hydrogen Membranes Applications
Authors: Marashdeh Ali
Published: February 2014

Density functional theory calculations at the generalized gradient approximation level are performed on cube clusters that comprise both the metal lattice (Pd) and the interstitial lattice (H). The calculations consider H on the octahedral sites of the metal lattice, i.e., cubes structures Pd4H4-x (x=0–4). For each structure, the cell volume, the total energy, the bulk modulus and the derivative of the bulk modulus have been calculated. Zero point energy (ZPE) corrections have been included using the direct method. The calculations confirm that including ZPE effects in the harmonic approximation has a significant effect on the calculated properties by increasing the cell-volumes and decreasing the bulk modulus. The absorption energies of hydrogen in palladium without including ZPE are found to be exothermic processes. When the ZPE is included, adding the first three Hs atom are exothermic processes while the fourth atom is found to be endothermic.
The Principle of Recording Information in Distributed Environments via Suleimenov-Mun's Waves
Authors: Dolayev Miras , Panchenko Sergey , Bakytbekov Rinat , Ivlyev Roman
Published: February 2014

A new approach to information recording in distributed media based on the forced wave excitation involved by temperature fluctuations was proposed. The scheme of the device providing the implementation of the proposed approach is considered.
Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial of Machining Parameters of Reinforced PEEK Composites Using NSGA-II
Authors: Hanafi Issam , Abdellatif Khamlichi , Cabrera Francisco Mata
Published: February 2014

The machining parameters for turning of PEEK CF30 using TiN coated tools under dry conditions have been optimized by using Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II), a non dominated solution set is obtained. The objectives considered are the minimisation of machining force thereby minimising specific cutting pressure as function of the main operating parameters. The results indicated that the minimal cutting parameters are preferred for reducing the machining force, and the minimal cutting speed, medium depth of cut and high feed rate are recommended for minimal specific cutting machining. As per the requirement, the manufacturing engineer should select the proper cutting parameters.
Research on Catenary Characteristics of FAST Tie-Down Cable and its Effect on Actuator and Joint
Authors: Xue Jian Xing , Gu Xue Dong , Song Li Qiang , Wang Qi Ming , Zhai Xue Bin , Zhao Bao Qing
Published: February 2014

To study catenary characteristics of FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope) tie-down cable, this paper establishes tie-down cable equilibrium differential equation and cable length formula based on catenary theory, analyzes numerical simulation of multi-segment bar element method, and designs an experimental scheme. Taking 1×7 Ø12.7steel cable and Ø10 CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) cable for example, we can obtain three results respectively through manners mentioned above, and the agreement among them is excellent. Meanwhile, difference between results and elastic deformation of no-weight cable is not so big that catenary of two cables can be negligible. Further research shows that cable length is more sensitive to catenary than horizontal angle; cable longer deformation will benefit actuator to meet position precision effortlessly, however, stroke and velocity of actuator will increase and initial tension displacement of tie-down cable decrease correspondingly, this alteration should be compensated during reflector surface measuring and controlling; due to chord-tangent angle and tangential force is less than 1.28°and 241.4N, catenary effect on joint pose is weaker; generally speaking, CFRP cable has less catenary problem than steel cable, better mechanics characteristics, but bigger stroke and velocity for actuator and smaller initial tension displacement for tie-down cable. The research will provide references for design of tie-down cable, actuator, joint, and reflector measurement and control.
Experimental Test for Evaluation of SCC Static Segregation
Authors: Bensebti Salah Eddine , Aggoun Salima , Kadri El Hadj , Haddad Ourdia
Published: February 2014

A Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is by definition one that, due to its own weight, pours and sets in place in the most complex reinforced moulds. It is important to note that the material must not undergo any form of segregation, whether “dynamic”, i.e. when it occurs during flowing, or “static”, i.e. when it occurs in the mould after compaction of different materials in the concrete. In this paper, study of static resistance segregation of self-compacting concretes is presented. Experimental assessment of segregation is carried out by procedure, which is realized in this paper. This procedure is similar to column test but different cylinder geometry and splitting is carried out at the end of setting. For each of the different mixtures studied, we also measure the slump flow, the filling ratio (L-box test), the screen stability and the V-funnel flowing time. The results obtained show that in the case of SCC, specific tests must be carried out to assess static segregation, especially when slump flow is above 70 cm. This study also shows that it is possible to obtain high quality SCC (with no risk of segregation) with screen stability test values in the region of 30%, which are much greater than the usual 15% recommended pat the French association of civil engineering AFGC [1].
Hysteresis Analysis of High Precision PZT Actuator in Dual-Stage Hard Disk Drive
Authors: Rahman Md. Arifur , Al-Mamun Abdullah , Lei Zhang
Published: February 2014

In Hard disk drive (HDD) industry, the demand for faster HDD with higher storage capacities had led to the use of a dual-stage servo system with a high precision PZT actuator. However, the PZT actuator is made of piezoelectric material which exhibits hysteresis. Hysteresis causes inaccuracies and oscillations in the system responses. In this paper, the hysteresis behavior is examined for a new high resolution (a few nanometers) PZT actuator fabricated for dual stage actuator. The new PZT actuator has the first resonance at a frequency twenty times higher than the first resonant mode of PZT actuator used at present in HDD. A generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii (GPI) model is obtained by using curve-fitting with the examined hysteresis behavior. Then the inverse of the GPI model is extracted which can be used as the hysteresis compensator. Finally a model-free hysteresis compensator using adaptive Neural Network algorithm is being proposed for future research.
A Novel Wild-Land Fire-Fighting Foam for Minimizing the Phytotoxicity of Wood Burning-Derived Smoke Tested in Living Plant Cells
Authors: Noriyasu Atsuko , Otsuka Kohei , Ishizaki Yuki , Tanaike Yutaka , Matsuyama Ken , Uezu Kazuya , Kawano Tomonori
Published: February 2014

Impact of wild-land fires to the ecosystem is highly complex. Damages to the ecosystem can be attributed not only to the direct impact of fire and release of toxic post-combustion gasses but also to the spraying of fire-fighting chemicals. Fire-fighting foam (FFF) agents are frequently applied for controls in wild-land fires including forest fire. However, effects of FFFs on the composition of the post-combustion gasses and the phytotoxicity of smoke derived from burning woods have not been determined to date. In the present study, with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), we have analyzed the chemical composition of the gasses derived from wood slices exposed to two distinct manners of combustion, namely, smoldering (gradual combustion without flame) and rapid burning (combustion with flame). Tested samples include slices of Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, and Western hemlock. The amount of hydrocarbons, detected in the post-combustion gas such as methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, hexane, formaldehyde, acrolein and phenol, were higher in the gasses from smoldered samples. The major hydrocarbon found in the post-combustion gases processed in the presence of pilot flame was methane. Other hydrocarbons were hardly detectable. Addition of FFFs, namely, a soap-based FFF (designated as MK-08) and a detergent co cocktail-based FFF (Phos-chek) onto wooden slices resulted in slight increase in other hydrocarbons in the gasses derived from flame-driven combustion of wood slices. Interestingly, addition of Phos-chek drastically elevated the phytotoxicity of post-combustion gas derived from Western hemlock slices heated in the presence of pilot flame when assessed using the suspension cultured tobacco cells. In contrast, the soap-based FFF tested here did not alter the phytotoxicity of the post-combustion gasses, suggesting that soap-based FFF might minimize the impact of the fire-fighting activity to the living plants consisting the ecosystem in the forests and wild-land.
Study on Dust-Removing Characteristic of Carbon Fiber Membrane in Electrostatic Precipitator
Authors: Chen Fang , Huang Chao , Sun You Shan , Jia Cheng Liang , Zhang Wan Peng
Published: February 2014

A novel wet electrostatic precipitator used carbon fiber membrane as collector electrodes was designed for effective control of fine aerosol. The volt-ampere (V-I) characteristics of 3k，6k and 12k carbon fiber membrane with four kinds of typical discharge electrode were investigated to seek the ideal form of corona electrode. The results showed that 12k carbon fiber membrane obtained a higher corona current in the same voltage.
Gaseous and Solid Air Pollutants Formed during the Combustion of Heavy Metal Contaminated Oak and Poplar
Authors: Kovacs Helga , Szemmelveisz Katalin , Nemes Alex
Published: February 2014

In recent decades several industrial activities polluted the soil, which caused the accumulation of heavy metals to an extent greater than the natural concentration. This is mainly typical of countries, where mining and industry plays or has played an important role in the economy. The utilization of these lands is an economic interest, since locating the contamination, controlling its spreading and maintaining the area has costs. One of the methods for remediation is phytoextraction, during which heavy metals, especially harmful to water and soil, are removed from the soil by plants capable of accumulating contaminants. However, during the combustion of these plants their heavy metal content is replaced into the formed gaseous and solid combustion remains, so the hazard, composition and treating method of these remains must be defined by the appropriate examinations. In this article we present some part of the results of this research, where we examine the gaseous and solid pollutant content of flue gas formed during combustion, as well as the heavy metal content of fly ash. We made two different experiments for domestic and semiplant usage. We have used oak and poplar from a heavy metal contaminated area in both experiments. The domestic examination was conducted in a 7 kW hearth with a closed combustion chamber, the semiplant examination was carried out in a 0,5 MW capacity furnace equipped with an automatic fuel feeding system and a cyclone dust extractor. We have measured the composition of flue gas in both firing experiments with a HORIBA PG-250 type portable gas analyzer, in the case of the analysis of heavy metal content of fly ash DX4 EDAX EDS microprobe of an AMRAY 1830 I scanning electron microscope and ICP-AES, using a 720 ES instrument was used. Based on our results, it can be determined, that the combustion device used to burn biomass grown on heavy metal polluted areas – brownfield lands – must make it possible to separate fly ash from the flue gas and allow the handling of solid burning residues.
Rapid Detection and Quantification of Lanthanide Ions Using High-Speed Polymerase Chain Reactions
Authors: Kikuchi Asuka , Kadono Takashi , Hashimoto Kazuhiro , Uezu Kazuya , Kawano Tomonori
Published: February 2014

Recently, a novel approach to a highly sensitive and quantitative detection of rare earth element (REE) ions including La3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, has been reported. The detection of REE ions is based on the catalytic nature of REE ions targeting the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus monitoring of the ions can be achieved by reading the level of intact DNA by PCR. Despite of its high sensitivity (at ppb to ppt levels), the conventional PCR-based REE detection protocol requires certain length of time (1-2 hours). In the present study, we modified the PCR-based REE detection protocols by employing the high-speed PCR, and performed the automated and rapid detection of La3+ in small-sized aqueous samples within 5min.
On an Original Approach to Model Hemp Fibers Reinforced Thermoplastics
Authors: Gehring Florian , Bouchart Vanessa , Dinzart Florence , Chevrier Pierre
Published: February 2014

This paper is devoted to present an approach to model behavior of hemp fibers reinforced thermoplastic composites. Experimental investigations using common testing methods have shown that major physical dissipative phenomena which explained the behavior of polypropylene/ hemp fibers (PP/Hemp) composites took place in the matrix. Moreover these dissipative mechanisms are mainly due to matrix cracking. The behavior modeling of PP/hemp fiber composites is obtained by a two-step modeling strategy. A real based microstructure is automatic generated by own made algorithms according to the observed microstructure by X-ray tomography and constitutive behavior of the matrix is obtained using the micromechanics formalism and is implemented by a FORTRAN routine in ABAQUS® software. This approach seems to have the potential to describe behavior of such composites (PP/Hemp).
Study of Nano-Additives Influence on Physical Properties of Bentonitic Clay
Authors: Kasprzhitskiy Anton , Lazorenko Georgiy , Khakiev Zelimkhan , Kruglikov Alexander , Yavna Victor
Published: February 2014

The interaction between bentonitic clays and exchangeable cations Na+, К+, Ca++, and Mg++ is studied theoretically. It is stated that the insertion of exchangeable cations into the interlaminar space leads to reducing of the interlayer distance as compared with that calculated for the undoped clay. At that, the clay particles having Mg++ on their surface demonstrate more stable structure upon the increase of moistening. The calculation results for Mg++ compare well with the experiment performed.
Analysis of Tool Wear Behavior of Single Crystal Diamond Based on FEM Simulation in Micro Turning
Authors: Park Kyung Hee , Song Ki Hyeong , Nam Sung Ho , Lee Seok Woo , Lee Dong Yoon
Published: February 2014

Micro turning test was performed on nickel plated roll die using ultra precision lathe and lenticular shape single crystal diamond (SCD) tools. For the test, fresh tools were used for each experiment to observe tool wear evolution at the cutting distances. Finite element method (FEM) simulation based on Lagrangian method was also used to calculate contact stress on the cutting surface during the machining process. For the tool wear measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 3D Nano View, which can provide surface topography of the tools, were used. In addition, Kistler dynamometer was utilized for cutting force measurement. From the experimental result, it was found that a dominant wear mechanism was abrasion due to high contact stresses on the cutting tool surface. And it was also observed that high cutting speed caused high wear rate but slighlty reduced the cutting forces.
Analysis of Flame Characteristic of Kerosene Pool Fire
Authors: Shi Guang Mei , Li Ming Hai , Hu Shao Quan , Zhang Zhong Li
Published: February 2014

Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software and its parallel techniques, the standard k-ε turbulent flow equations with additional buoyancy-modified, the PDF(Probability Density Function) non-premixed combustion model, and the discrete ordinates (DO) radiation model were used to simulate the kerosene pool fire scenarios of various pool diameters in stagnant air and in a cross-wind. Based on these simulations, the relationships between the pool size and the flame height and flame temperature were obtained, as well as the effective law of the wind speed change on the fire tilt angle. The results presented in this paper are of great significance in the hazard evaluation of the thermal radiation of the pool fire.
Piezoelectric Materials: towards A Powerful Selection Tool from a Specific User Open Chart
Authors: Rezki Mohamed , Benabdallah Tawfik , Belaidi Abdelkader
Published: February 2014

The aim of this work is to build software which enables us to set up an active smart materials data base especially the piezoelectric ones. This is done using two approaches: firstly, by mean of literature, allow the different characteristics we select piezoelectric materials. The second approach consists of selecting the appropriate material according to its usage either as a sensor or as an actuator. The purpose is to provide users an easier way to combine use versus characteristics in an automatic manner. Therefore according to a given application we can overcome the selection difficulties by knowing much more about the materials through their integrated functions when actuating as sensors or actuators. This tool remains also based on an open chart that will permit to the user or developer to update it in concordance with future knowledge of material developments. This work presents the developed software (called ExTooPIEZ’s), its main features and first feed backs gained after first usage.
Application of Vibration Based Damage Identification Techniques on Metallic Structures
Authors: Sánchez Heller Guillermo A. , Marulanda Diana Maritza C. , Florez Elkin Gregorio
Published: February 2014

In this work, a vibration based damage identification technique (VBDIT) is used to determine the presence of damages in metallic structures, using the undamaged structure information as reference. A complex structure is used in order to contrast the results obtained with those reported for techniques previously employed specially on single beam simulated structures. A finite element model of the structure is developed and validated as a support tool for the study. Theoretical and experimental modal analysis techniques were used as the main tool for damage identification.
Designing Safe-Life and Fail-Safe Facade Systems
Authors: di Sivo Michele , Ladiana Daniela
Published: February 2014

Safety in façade systems realized with stone materials is linked to a multitude of factors, as regards the stone materials, such as: mechanical resistance values, behavior in specific environmental conditions, inner stress related to applied static and dynamic loads; as concerns the implementation process, in order to achieve safety the following specific aspects emerge: the production processes carried out to realize the elements, the quality in projecting anchorage systems and the modes of material placing. In order to define and maintain over time the desired safety levels, it is important activate a process aiming at controlling the above mentioned factors by carefully determining morphologies and dimensional characteristics, techniques of production and realization of coating and anchorage components so that slab shedding is avoided.
In the text, the phases and the critical elements of such process are detected in order to define a safe-life or fail-safe façade system.
Conceptual Modeling Methodology of Multifunction Sensors on the Basis of a Fractal Approach
Authors: Petrova Irina , Shikulskaya Olga , Shikulskiy Mikhail
Published: February 2014

The problems of the multifunction sensors development make inefficient of design traditional methods application. Work purpose is an effective approach creation to the analysis and synthesis of sensors physical functional principle and creation on its basis mathematical, algorithmic and informational software for multifunction quantity sensors conceptual design automation. Authors propose the problem solution method based on fractal approach application to the theory of energy and information circuit models. For this purpose the physical functional principle sensor modeling fractal concept and mechanisms of its realization are created. This work results are new computer technique, software for the automatic synthesis of the multifunction sensors physical functional principle and two new multifunction sensors utility models automatically generated by developed software.
Evolution Behaviour of Migration-Driven Growth with Catalyzed Decline
Authors: Wang Hai Feng , Gao Yan , Xue Xin Ying
Published: February 2014

A migration-driven aggregation model with catalyzed decline process of two species is proposed, in which migration-driven aggregation occurs between any two aggregates of the same species with the size-dependent rate kernel . Meanwhile, a monomer decline of A-species aggregates occurs under the catalysis by B-species aggregates with the catalyzed decline rate kernel . The kinetic behavior of A species is investigated by means of the mean-field theory, which is found to depending crucially on the catalysis rate kernel parameter μ: in case, the migration-driven aggregation reaction dominates the process, and the aggregate size distribution of A species approaches the conventional scaling form, and A species will survive in the end; while incase, the catalyzed decline reaction dominates the process, the aggregate size distribution of A aggregate does not scale, and A species will die out in the end.
Study on Machinery Manufacturing CAD/CAM NC Machining Technology
Authors: Zheng Hong , Wu Guo Rui , Xu Wei Hua
Published: February 2014

With the development of computer technology, CAD / CAM technologies have been widely used in the machinery manufacturing industry. They have brought fundamental changes to product design and manufacturing method. Based on the characteristics of punching machine processing technology, the main content of this paper is the study on boards CAM key technology taking NC machining applications for boards punching as the background. This study takes VC + + software as the platform and widely applies VC + + development tools and OpenGL technology in the process of developing graphical simulation system. The purpose of this study is to achieve drawing function, automatically extract pixels in AutoCAD graph such as holes, and automatically generate NC machining program by the extracted pixels on the basis of the pixel extraction. This can ensure the uniqueness and accuracy of the data, so as to improve the efficiency of programming.
An Improvement in Tarnish and Corrosion Resistance of 94Ag-4Zn-Cu Alloys with Sn Addition
Authors: Hirunyagird Jirutthitikalpongsri , Lothongkum Gobboon , Nisaratanaporn Ekasit
Published: February 2014

The tarnish and corrosion resistance of 94Ag-4Zn-Cu-Sn alloys and Ag-5.89Sn alloy compared with Ag-5.95Cu alloy were investigated. The tarnish results show that the DE* value of Ag-5.95Cu alloy is higher than those of 94Ag-4Zn-Cu-Sn alloys and Ag-5.89Sn alloy due to the sulfide formations such as Ag2S, Cu2S and CuS. The DE* value significantly decreases with increasing tin content. This is attributed to the matrix enrichment of tin which protects the sulfur reaction on surface. From corrosion test results, 94Ag-4Zn-Cu-Sn alloys and Ag-5.89Sn alloy provide the noble shift in the corrosion potentials and pitting potentials but the negative shift in the corrosion current density compared with Ag-5.95Cu alloy. Corrosion rate of 94Ag-4Zn-Cu-Sn alloys and Ag-5.89Sn alloy decrease markedly compared with Ag-5.95Cu alloy because it depends on the alloying elements and the microstructural changes. Due to high solubility of zinc and tin, the microstructures of tin-rich alloys consist of the higher portion of single phase and less eutectic structure than that of Ag-5.95Cu alloy.
Spectrum Processing of Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy Based on the Model of Traps
Authors: Razov Valerii , Trukhin Viacheslav
Published: February 2014

It is known that positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) maintains a strong position among the matters structure research methods. This method is based on the positron lifetime registration implanted into the test substance. One of the models describing the positron behavior in the given medium is a model of traps. Developed by Brandt, Berko and Walker in the 1960s, this model is still relevant in the present times. The basis of this model is the system of kinetic equations describing the various options of positron annihilation in the medium.
The objective of the current research was to relate these equations with the parameters obtained while processing the PALS spectrum. In the given article it is presented a program for processing the time spectrum using the model traps, comparative analysis using different ways of processing and some data on the mentioned analysis respectively.
Comparison of Young's Modulus Property Determination of Metallic Materials under Two Statistical Analysis Methods
Authors: Nuawi Mohd Zaki , Bahari Abdul Rahim , Abdullah Shahrum , Ariffin Ahmad Kamal
Published: February 2014

This paper presents an alternative statistical signal analysis method to characterise and determine Youngs modulus property of metallic materials. For this characterisation purpose, we propose an alternative method called Integrated Kurtosis-based Algorithm for Z-notch filter (I-kazTM) and Mesokurtosis Zonal Nonparametric (M-Z-N). Impulsive excitation test has been performed according to ASTM E1876 on three metallic materials of medium carbon steel S50C, stainless steel AISI 304 and brass to measure the piezoelectric and acoustic signals. The transient acoustic signal has been analysed using M-Z-N analysis while I-kazTM has been used to analyse the impulsive piezoelectric signal. Correlation expression between Youngs modulus property and the calculated statistical parameters has been discussed and the accuracy of these two methods has been identified using cast iron FCD 500 specimen.
Research on Improvement of Merchant Shear Angle Model
Authors: Wang Shu Ting , Zhang Yu Cheng , Gou Wei Dong , Liu Chuan Jiang
Published: February 2014

Shear angle is a key parameter to characterize the metal cutting. In this paper the Merchant analysis model of shear angle is improved. The impact of shear angle on the shear stress is quantitatively analyzed by using of the unequal division shear zone model and Johnson-Cook constitutive model, and the functional relationship between the tool-chip friction angle and the shear angle is established by Schulz empirical formula. Thus the new shear angle calculation model is established. Calculation results and experiments verify the effectiveness of the improved Merchant model.
The Design of PLC Control System on Laser Drill Welding Machine
Authors: Liu Juan , Lin Yi Huang , Zhang Yang
Published: February 2014

A multifunctional control system on diamond drill laser welding machine was designed. The system mainly contains Siemens S7-200 programmable logic controller and Wei Lun touch-screen interface. It could weld drills of different matrix diameter (Φ20mm-Φ250mm), different segment arc length and segment number automatically. And the utilization of the beam reached 95%. When the system has break down, it will give out alarm signal and make some initial fault diagnosis to handle this problem.
Magnetic Abrasive Finishing of Internal Surface of Aluminum Pipe Using Magnetic Machining Jig
Authors: Ridha Muhamad Mohd , Zou Yan Hua
Published: February 2014

Magnetic abrasive finishing technology has been known very well in finishing of stainless steel SUS304 pipes to mirror finish standard. However, the applications in softer metal such as aluminum A2017 were difficult due to soft metal characteristic itself. In 2002, Zou and Shinmura had developed a new method of magnetic field assisted machining process using magnetic machining jig for SUS304 pipe [. The development has since then expanded in many research. This research finds the optimum finishing condition for mirror finish standard in internal surface of aluminum A2017 pipe. We use a 100% polyester fabric that does not cause scratch on the material and found that the optimum pole-pipe gap to be 13mm to achieve the best surface roughness Ra of 0.020μm after finishing, from surface roughness Ra of 0.195μm before finishing.
Temperature Characteristics of Concentrator Photovoltaics Analyzed by Circuit Calculation
Authors: Nishioka Kensuke , Sato Kosei , Ota Yasuyuki
Published: February 2014

Temperature characteristic analysis of the triple-junction solar cell was carried out using circuit simulator under concentration conditions. The temperature exponent of saturation current density for each single-junction solar cell was derived. Extracted temperature exponents were used in the equivalent circuit model for the triple-junction solar cell, and the calculations of solar cell performance were carried out at various temperatures and concentration ratios. The calculation results agreed well with the measured results.
Preparation, Characterization and Effectivity of N, Fe-TiO2 as a Visible Light Active Photocatalyst
Authors: Sikirman Arman , Krishnan Jagannathan , Jai Junaidah , Faraziehan Senusi
Published: February 2014

Surface modification of the titanium dioxide by doping and co-doping with nitrogen and iron in order to make the photocatalyst active under visible light was investigated. Solgel method was adapted for the preparation of surface modified titanium dioxide, where tetra titanium isopropoxide, ammonium nitrate and ferric nitrate were used as precursors while maintaining the dopant concentration and calcination temperature at 0.75% and 600°C, respectively. The prepared photocatalyst samples were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and FTIR in order to study their physical properties. The results from XRD confirmed that all prepared photocatalyst were of anatase phase. FE-SEM image analysis revealed the formation of fine particles and the FTIR analysis verified the presence of dopants. The effectivity of photocatalysts was tested by performing a standard batch photocatalytic degradation experiment with methylene blue as a model pollutant under visible light. The result showed that co-doped photocatalyst (0.75% N, 075% Fe-TiO2-600) yielded a maximum of 76% methylene blue degraded within three hours of irradiation time.
Effects of Reaction Conditions on Low-Temperature Removal of Carbon Disulfide over Modified Coconut Shell Activated Carbons Catalysts
Authors: Tang Li Hong , Guo Hui Bin , Li Kai , Ning Ping , Wang Chi , Sun Xin
Published: February 2014

In this work, a series of modified coconut shell activated carbons (CSAC) catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method and used for catalytic hydrolysis of carbon disulfide (CS2) at low-temperatures. The influences of reaction conditions such as: reaction temperature, O2 concentration, relative humidity (RH), gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and inlet concentration of CS2 on catalytic hydrolysis activities were studied. When the reaction temperature was 60°C, this catalyst showed the best catalytic performance and no better effect occurs with the increase of temperature. CS2 hydrolysis activities were decreased with increasing amounts of O2. When the RH was 30%, the catalyst manifests the best activity. The catalytic hydrolysis activities were decreased with increased of GHSV from 5000~20000h-1. In addition, when the inlet concentration of CS2 increased from 10ppm to 100ppm, the catalytic hydrolysis activities could be decreased.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium AMPS-Based Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels for Use as Temporary Wound Dressing
Authors: Porkaew Juraiporn , Somsunan Runglawan , Nalampang Kanarat , Molloy Robert
Published: February 2014

Hydrogel is one of the most interesting materials for use as wound dressing. In this study, interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), in the presence of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVOH). The incorporation of PVOH offered the hydrophilicity to the hydrogel. The polymerization was carried out using N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide and 4,4-azo-bis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) as a crosslinker and UV-photoinitiator, respectively. The successful of polymerization was indicated by gel content which was in the range of 86 90%. The structure of prepared hydrogels was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. In addition, the hydrogel-water interaction was investigated by mean of water content and water retention. Manipulation of the AMPS/NVP ratio significantly altered the properties of the hydrogels. As expected, the interaction of hydrogel and water decreased as increasing of NVP contents due to this monomer provides more hydrophobic functional groups. In conclusion, it is believed that the prepared AMPS/NVP/PVOH interpenetrating network hydrogels show the potential for use as temporary wound dressing.
Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on Qualities of Strawberry Juice
Authors: Liu Qing , Wang Ru Fu , Zhao Xiao Yan , Ma Yue , Wang Dan , Zhang Bo Bo
Published: February 2014

This paper investigated the effect of high hydrostatic pressure processing on sensory quality, physical and chemical quality and nutrients of strawberry juice.The L*,E,soluble solid,titratable acid and total phenols were not significantly affected by HHP treatment (p<0.05), the a* and b* value were significantly increased with the extension of pressure and time except 400 MPa. The suspension stability showed a gradual rise trend. High pressure can well maintain the anthocyanins of strawberry juice.Well,under 500 MPa,10~40min ,the content of anthocyanins were significantly changed (p<0.05),but the retention rate of anthocyanins is 90%~95%.
Mathematical Modeling of CSTR Bioreactor Control for Production of Recombinant Protein
Authors: Jia Xiao Yi , Lin Yu Tian , Lin Hui Bin , Gao Ling , Lin Jian Qun , Lin Jian Qiang
Published: February 2014

Fermentation process using recombinant strain for production of recombinant protein is widely used in commercialization of the biotechnologies. The continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a typical microbial cultivation method, has the major advantage of high productivity. Mathematical modeling and simulation is useful for analysis and optimization of the CSTR fermentation process. Most of the mathematical models developed for CSTR are black box models without information of the intracellular dynamics and regulations. In this research, a mathematical model is built based on gene regulation for recombinant protein production using CSTR, and simulation is made using this model.