bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevated serum level of interleukin (IL)-18, interferon (IFN)-γ and soluble fas in patients with pulmonary complications in Tuberculosis
Authors: El-Masry S. , Lotfy M. , Nasif W. , El-Kady I. , Al-Badrawy M.
Published: March 2007

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
can cause life-threatening complications in which the immune response plays an important role. This study was designed to evaluate the serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and soluble Fas (sFas) in cases with pulmonary tuberculosis due to confirmed
M. tuberculosis
infection. The study comprised 50 patients with
M. tuberculosis
classified to 13 complicated cases and 37 uncomplicated patients. A significant (
P
< 0.05) increase was found in the serum levels of IL-18, IFN-γ and sFas in patients compared to controls and also in complicated cases compared to uncomplicated ones. Moreover, a positive significant correlation was found between serum levels of sFas with IL-18 (r=0.532,
P
<0.001), and with IFN-γ (r=0.37,
P
=0.008) and lastly between serum levels of IL-18 with IFN-γ (r=0.612,
P
<0.001). It is concluded from these results with the recent observations that IFN-γ levels are elevated after successful MTB treatment, suggest the possibility of enhanced Fas expression and then stimulating the infected macrophages to show an increased FasL-induced apoptosis. Modulation of FasL system by
M. tuberculosis
might represent an escape mechanism to evade the effect of apoptosis. Moreover, the elevated serum levels of IL-18, IFN-γ and sFas can be considered as pathognomonic markers suggesting pulmonary tuberculosis especially in complicated cases.
Forecasting Hungarian mortality rates using the Lee-Carter method
Authors: Baran S. , Gáll J. , Ispány M. , Pap G.
Published: March 2007

A modified version of the popular Lee-Carter method (Lee-Carter 1992) is applied to forecast mortality rates in Hungary for the period 2004–2040 on the basis of mortality data between 1949 and 2003 both for men and women. Another case is also considered based on a restricted data set corresponding to the period 1989–2003. The model fitted to the data of the period 1949–2003 forecasts increasing mortality rates for men between ages 45 and 55, pointing out that the Lee-Carter method is hardly applicable for countries where mortality rates exhibit trends as peculiar as in Hungary. However, models fitted to the data for the last 15 years both for men and women forecast decreasing trends similarly to the case of countries where the method was successfully applied. Hence one gets a better fit in this way, however, further concerns suggest that the Lee-Carter model, which is celebrated and widely used in actuarial practice, does not necessarily give sufficiently good prediction.
The prompt effect of emedastine eye drop and the safety of its permanent use in children suffering from acute seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: Endre László
Published: March 2007

Bevezetés
: Minden betegség kezelése során előnyös, ha az alkalmazott gyógyszer koncentrációja a célszervben a legmagasabb. Ebből következik, hogy a kötőhártya betegségeit, ha lehet, szemcseppekkel kezeljük.
Célok:
Szerző célja az emedastine hatóanyagú szemcsepp hatékonyságának felmérése szezonális allergiás kötőhártya-gyulladásban szenvedő gyermekeken.
Módszer:
2 vizsgálat történt. Az első vizsgálat során 20 heveny szezonális allergiás kötőhártya-gyulladásban szenvedő gyermekbeteg kapott emedastine difumarat (H
1
antihisztamin) tartalmú Emadine szemcseppet. Kötőhártyájuk vérbőségét és viszkető érzését 0-tól 4-ig terjedő skálán regisztrálták, ahol 4 jelentette a legsúlyosabb tüneteket. A 2. vizsgálatban 232 másik gyermek kapta e szemcseppet 2 pollen szezonon keresztül és vizsgálták az esetleges hatáscsökkenést és mellékhatásokat.
Eredmények:
A kötőhártya viszkető érzete átlagosan 3, vérbősége átlagosan 8 perc alatt csökkent szignifikáns mértékben. A 2. vizsgálat során a 232 gyermek közül egy sem kényszerült a kezelés módosítására hatástalanság, vagy valamilyen kellemetlen mellékhatás miatt.
Következtetések:
Az Emadine szemcsepp igen gyorsan és hatékonyan csökkenti a kötőhártya-viszketést és -vérbőséget. Már 3 éves kisgyermek is jól tűrte, és tartós használat esetén sem csökkent a hatékonysága.
Investigation of prostate specific antigen in the first decade of its use, in our clinic (1994–2004)
Authors: Bánfi Gergely , Glasz Tibor , Székely Eszter , Romics Imre
Published: March 2007

Bevezetés és célkitűzés:
A szerzők a prosztatarák, a leggyakoribb férfi malignus daganat diagnosztizálását és kezelését vizsgálták a prosztataspecifikus antigén (PSA) klinikai bevezetése évének (1994) és a 10 évvel későbbi adatok összevetésével.
Eredmények:
Az évente végzett prosztatabiopsziák száma a vizsgált évtized alatt 4,5-szeresére nőtt. 1994-ben a biopsziák 36,2%-a, 2004-ben 47,5%-a bizonyult prosztataráknak. A biopsziázott betegek átlagéletkora a vizsgált évtized alatt 69,7 évről 62,3 évre csökkent, de a prosztatarákos betegek átlagéletkora változatlan (70,8 vs. 71,3 év).
Következtetések:
2004-ben a korábban mért teljes PSA-szint mellett az ún. szabad PSA és a PSA-denzitás vizsgálata is a diagnózis részévé vált, a prosztatabiopsziákat transrectalis ultrahang-vezérelten, nem vakon és perinealisan – mint korábban – végezték. Ennek köszönhetően a prosztatabiopsziák hatékonysága fokozódott, de jelen módszerekkel mégsem sikerült a prosztatarákot fiatalabb életkorban felismerni. A diagnosztizált prosztatarákok Gleason-pontszámmal jellemezhető malignitása csökkent, így több kuratív beavatkozásra alkalmas beteget észleltek. Ugyanakkor a betegségspecifikus átlagos prosztataspecifikus antigén-érték magas volta jelzi, hogy még mindig az előrehaladottabb (és ezért csak palliatívan kezelhető) betegek vannak többségben.
The specialities of the Hungarian medical universities’ publications in the mirror of the numbers
Authors: Csajbók Edit , Kranczicki Orsolya , Vasas Lívia
Published: March 2007

Bevezetés:
A hazai orvostudományi egyetemek kutatásainak eredményét nagy részben nemzetközi folyóiratokban, idegen nyelven jelentetik meg. Célkitűzés: Jelen tanulmány célja bemutatni, hogy a magyarországi orvosi egyetemeinken folyó tudományos munka eredményei milyen számban, milyen impakt faktor értékekkel és hol jelennek meg a nemzetközi szakirodalomban. Módszer: A vizsgált periódus a 2000–2003 közötti időszak volt. A tudományos közleményeket a Debreceni Egyetem Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum, a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Általános Orvostudományi Kar, a Semmelweis Egyetem és a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvos és Gyógyszerésztudományi Centrum saját gyűjtésű bibliográfiái, illetve a Web of Science nyilvántartása alapján lettek feltárva. Eredmények: A hazai egyetemekről nagy számban és általában egyre nagyobb impakt faktor értékkel jelennek meg a tudományos közlemények, így biztosítva a nemzetközi nyilvánosságot a magyarországi kutatásoknak. A nemzetközi publikálásra szánt közlemények 90–95%--a impakt faktoros lapokban jelenik meg, köztük számos tekintélyes szakfolyóiratban. Következtetések: A publikációs tevékenység feltárására alkalmazott két módszer közül egyik sem tekinthető döntő érvényűnek. Ennek intézményi oka az egyetemi nyilvántartások hiányossága és pontatlansága. Ezért a szerzők úgy vélik szükség volna egy egységes, elektronikus feldolgozási metodika kidolgozására és használatba vételére mindegyik egyetemen. E adatbázisok összekapcsolása révén létrejönne egy nemzeti orvosi egyetemi tudományos adatbázis, amely egyaránt szolgálná mind a hazai mind a nemzetközi hozzáférést.
Transgastric gastro-jejunal anastomosis with flexible endoscope on a biosynthetic model
Authors: Lukovich Péter , Kádár Balázs , Jónás Attila , Sadatakhavi Mehdi , Váradi Gábor , Tari Krisztina , Kupcsulik Péter
Published: March 2007

Introduction: In the last few years the rapid development of flexible endoscopies has opened new possibilities in minimal invasive procedures. With the help of these techniques the exposure, the risk of complications and the healing period of the patient might be reduced. One of these procedures is the transgastric intervention. Through an incision on the wall of the stomach, the endoscope could be led into the abdominal cavity, where several interventions can be performed. The aim of the study was to examine the technical feasibility and the success of the formation of gastro-jejunal anastomosis. Meanwhile the difficulties of the method could be explored in order to introduce this method in human use. Method: A lifelike biosynthetic model was made from a slaughtered domestic pig’s gastrointestinal tract (stomach and the first few jejunum loops) which was fixed onto a plastic frame. Two single-channel gastroscopes were inserted into the stomach. On the wall of the stomach an approximately 2 centimetres wide incision was made by the electrocoagulator with a needle-knife. Through it the first jejunum loop was grasped by a foreign-body forceps and then was retracted into the stomach. Subsequently the jejunum loop was held safely with the first endoscope. Parallel to it an incision was made on the jejunum by the electrocoagulator. The authors managed to securely unite the open edges of the gastric wall and the jejunum with endoclips. Result: The model was good for practising. The anastomosis is technically feasible and was successfully made on biosynthetic porcine model using the transgastric route. Although the incisions both on the gastric wall and on the jejunum loop were made easily, the fixing of the anastomosis might be questionable. Conclusion: It was revealed that more experiments and the development of new, special instruments are needed in order to conduct the anastomosis safely.
Utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in children
Authors: Kádár Krisztina , Nagy Erzsébet , Gál Krisztina , Oprea Valéria , Hartyánszky István , Gyarmati Georgina , Tóth Attila , Sikos Zita
Published: March 2007

A natriuretikus peptid mérés kamra diszfunkciót jelző szerepe már bizonyítást nyert, felnőttkori alkalmazásáról már hazánkban is beszámoltak.
Célunk
volt a gyermekkori BNP vizsgálataink klinikai szerepének felmérése, melyet 107 gyermekben történt 157 mérés adatai alapján értékeltünk, szisztémás jobb kamra, illetve bal kamra funkció megítélésére. Célunk volt továbbá a BNP és az MRI vizsgálattal és echocardiographiás módszerrel mért kamra funkció paraméterek összevetése.
Betegek:
életkor 4 hó-20 év, átl.: 12,5 év. Betegcsoportok: I. Senning műtött nagyértranspositiós, II. dilatatív és III. hypertrophiás cardiomyopathiás és IV. aorta insufficientiában szenvedő betegek.
Módszerek:
BNP mérés elektrokemilumineszcenciás (Elecsys-10 Roche) módszerrel, a kamra volumeneket és EF értéket MRI volumetriás (MASS–Medis software) meghatározással értékeltük, echocardiographiával a standard M-mode mérések mellett totál ejectiós izovolumetriás (TEI) index indexet határoztunk meg.
Eredmények:
a BNP érték szignifikánsan magasabb volt az összes betegségcsoportban a normál értékhez képest: I. csoport: 318 ± 285 pg/ml, p < 0,01, II. csoport: 7262 ± 10970 pg/ml, p < 0,001, III. csoport: 1558 ± 2765 pg/ml, p < 0,01, IV. csoport: 1076 ± 2791 pg/ml, p < 0,001, vs 58 ± 31 pg/ml. A BNP korrelált az MRI JK EF értékkel (r: –0,51, p < 0,05) és TEI index-szel (0,43 ± 0,18) p < 0,05. Sebészi vagy 3 hetes gyógyszeres kezelés után a BNP szignifikáns csökkenését igazoltuk. 4 beteg halt meg a vizsgálati időszak alatt, mindegyiknek az adott betegségcsoportban a legmagasabb értékű volt a BNP szintje.
Konklúzió:
A BNP mérés egy hasznos, prognosztikai értékű biomarker a kamra funkció monitorizálásában gyermekekben. A BNP tükrözi a szisztémás jobb kamra funkció károsodását Senning műtött nagyértranspositiós betegekben, ahol a komplex jobbkamrai geometria miatt különösen nehéz a jobb kamra funkció megítélése. Emiatt ajánljuk a BNP sorozatos mérését ezen betegcsoportokban.
“Life is a woman”: Gender, sex and sexuality in Bartók's The Wooden Prince
Authors: Kilpatrick Stephen
Published: March 2007

This paper is a reassessment of Béla Bartók's The Wooden Prince, in light of the attitudes and beliefs of Bartók's contemporaries, in particular György Lukács, and the Ballet's librettist, Béla Balázs. Particular emphasis is given to Lukács's relationship with Irma Seidler and Balázs through examination of Lukács's essay, “Søren Kierkegaard and Regine Olsen” — a source overlooked in previous studies of this work. After analysing the views of Bartók's milieu regarding love and relationships, I conclude that the ballet's message is much more pessimistic than previously thought. This study places The Wooden Prince, which has been compared unfavourably with Bartók's other two stage works, alongside Duke Bluebeard's Castle as its companion in both musical and intellectual depth, and confirms Kodály's view that the ballet is the Allegro which balances the “desolate Adagio of the opera.”
Béla Bartók and the development of the formal analysis of Serbian vocal folk melodies
Authors: Radinović Sanja
Published: March 2007

Béla Bartók's and Albert Lord's capital work on folk songs of the Serbs and Croats (Serbo-Croatian Folk Songs, Texts and Transcriptions of 75 Folk Songs from the Milman Parry Collection and a Morphology of Serbo-Croatian Folk Melodies, New York: Columbia University Press, 1951) has been known for more than six decades to Serbian experts. Yet, in Serbia Bartók's contribution have remained insufficiently studied and valued by the time being, specially his methodology of formal analysis and precious conclusions about the principles of traditional melopoetic shaping, realized on that basis. The author of this paper presents Bartók's notions on the formal structure of Serbo-Croatian folk songs, and then highlights delayed and extremely negative reaction on Bartók's work, made by the cultural public in postwar Belgrade. Namely, on account of this book of Bartók, Stanislav Vinaver and Josip Slavenski, renowned representatives of the then expert public opinion, engaged in a fierce debate with the Hungarian writer József Debreceni in the Književne novine (literary magazine) during the 1950's, concerning Bartók's political pretensions to a part of the Yugoslav territory, which are supposedly distinguishable precisely from some of the conclusions from the said study. Today it transpires that in the delicate political climate of the time the great authorities of Vinaver and Slavenski had a direct bearing on the negative reception of the said Bartók's ethnomusicological work, which considerably slowed down the potential development of Serbian ethnomusicology, primarily its methodological bases.
“Bartók always called me Latin”: The Influence of Béla Bartók on László Lajtha's life and art
Authors: Tari Solymosi Emőke
Published: March 2007

Bartók's influence on his outstanding Hungarian contemporary, László Lajtha (1892–1963) remains as yet largely unresearched. Lajtha studied with Bartók at the Royal Hungarian Academy of Music and went on to become a composer, folk music researcher, versatile teacher, international cultural ambassador, and member of the French Academy. The two men's friendship and mutual respect lasted throughout Bartók's life. Among the leading musicians of the time, it was Bartók who first expressed his high opinion of the younger composer's talent. Bartók's influence can be observed in almost every field of Lajtha's work. For example, it was Bartók who recommended that Lajtha choose Paris as the place to complete his studies, which fostered in turn Lajtha's orientation toward Latin culture. Following in Bartók's footsteps, Lajtha became one of the greatest folk music collectors and researchers in Hungary, and this music also exerted a significant effect on his compositional style. Bartók recommended that the director Georg Hoellering commission Lajtha to write film music, which became an important new genre for the latter. A large number of documents — especially the unpublished letters from László Lajtha to John S. Weissmann, one of his former students — offer proof that Bartók's inspiration and practical assistance were of paramount importance to the development of Lajtha's career, oeuvre, and aesthetics.
Eventos adversos relacionados à profilaxia anti-retroviral em acidentes ocupacionais
Authors: Medeiros Eduardo Alexandrino Servolo , Bakowski Elcio , Sassi Silvia Janice Gomes , Destra Alessandra Santana
Published: March 2007

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever os eventos adversos clínicos e laboratoriais secundários ao uso dos agentes anti-retrovirais em indivíduos submetidos à quimioprofilaxia. Foram avaliados 37 funcionários de um hospital universitário submetidos à quimioprofilaxia com quatro esquemas de medicação anti-retroviral após exposição ocupacional a fluidos de pacientes contaminados com infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Trinta e dois (86,5%) desenvolveram eventos adversos clínicos ou laboratoriais. A profilaxia teve que ser suspensa em dois profissionais (5,4%) em virtude das reações ocorridas. Os eventos adversos relacionados à quimioprofilaxia para infecção por HIV em funcionários de saúde, vítimas de acidente ocupacional foram freqüentes. Porém, raramente foi necessário retirar a medicação anti-retroviral.
Powders of kudzu, velvetbean, and pine bark added to soil increase microbial population and reduce Southern blight of soybean
Authors: Blum Luiz E. B. , Rodríguez-Kábana Rodrigo
Published: March 2007

Southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) of soybean (Glycine max) is an important disease throughout the world. Some soil amendments can reduce disease levels by improving soil microbial activity. The main goals of this study were to investigate the effects of soil amendments such as dried powders of kudzu (Pueraria lobata), velvetbean (Mucuna deeringiana), and pine bark (Pinus taeda), on soil microbial population and disease caused by S. rolfsii on soybean. Pine bark, velvetbean (mucuna) and kudzu (25 g kg-1) added to soil were effective in reducing disease incidence [non-amended (NA) ~ 39%; amended (A) ~ 2 to 11%)]. Bacillus megaterium was the bacteria most frequently isolated in soils with velvetbean or kudzu (NA ~ log 5.7 CFU g-1 of dried soil; A ~ log 6.2). Soils with velvetbean and kudzu stimulated increase in population of Enterobacter aerogenes (NA ~ log 3; A ~ log 5.1-5.8). Pseudomonas putida population was higher in A than in NA (NA ~ log 4; A ~ log 5.5), and was negatively correlated (r = -0.83, P = 1%) to disease incidence. Soil amended with kudzu and pine bark stimulated increases in populations of Trichoderma koningii (NA ~ log 1.6; A ~ log 2.9) and Penicillium citreonigrum (NA ~ log 1.3; A ~ log 2.6), respectively. Penicillium herquei soil population increased with addition of kudzu (NA ~ log 1.2; A, ~ log 2.5). These microorganisms are antagonists of soil-borne pathogens. Powders of velvetbean, kudzu, and pine bark can increase antagonistic population in soil and reduce disease.
Geoestatística como metodologia para estudar a dinâmica espaço-temporal de doenças associadas a Colletotrichum spp. transmitidos por sementes
Authors: Alves Marcelo C. , Pozza Edson A. , Machado José C. , Araújo Dejânia V. , Talamini Viviane , Oliveira Marcelo S.
Published: March 2007

Objetivou-se no presente trabalho caracterizar o progresso espaço-temporal da severidade da antracnose do feijoeiro comum e da ramulose do algodoeiro por meio da Geoestatística. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no campo, durante o período das águas, em diferentes épocas. Sementes inoculadas pelo método da restrição hídrica foram semeadas no centro de parcelas experimentais constituindo fonte de inóculo do tipo ponto. Foram realizadas semanalmente seis avaliações da severidade das doenças com base em escalas de notas. Pelos modelos de semivariograma isotrópicos esféricos e gaussianos ajustados aos dados, verificou-se o padrão de distribuição agregado e a dependência espacial de ambos os patossistemas. Com o mapeamento da severidade das doenças pelo método da krigagem ordinária em blocos, verificou-se menor severidade das doenças nos primeiros estádios, com aumento gradual ao longo do tempo. A antracnose apresentou formação inicial de focos de inóculo secundário, além do foco com inóculo inicial, que coalesceram com o tempo. A severidade da ramulose diminuiu gradualmente de forma radial e contínua do centro da parcela para as extremidades, com maior capacidade de infecção de plantas vizinhas, quando comparada à antracnose, possivelmente pela maior agressividade do patógeno e hábito de crescimento arbustivo do algodoeiro.
Efeitos de meio de cultura, fontes de carbono e nitrogênio, pH e regime luminoso no crescimento de Mycosphaerella musicola
Authors: Montarroyos Angélica Virgínia Valois , Coelho Rildo Sartori Barbosa , Ferraz Gabriela de Morais Guerra , Santos Rômulo dos , Santos Venézio Felipe dos , Andrade Paulo Paes de
Published: March 2007

Este trabalho objetivou o estabelecimento de condições favoráveis ao crescimento micelial de M. musicola in vitro, pela avaliação em quatro experimentos, da influência de diferentes meios de cultura (BDA, BDA/IFB, V8, V8/IFB, V8/CaCO3 e V8/CaCO3/IFB); combinações de fontes de carbono (dextrose, maltose, sacarose e xilose) e nitrogênio (peptona, glicina, nitrato de potássio e de sódio); valores de pH (6,8; 6,4; 5,7 e 4,9) e regimes luminosos (escuro contínuo, alternância luminosa e claro contínuo). Observou-se um maior crescimento de M. musicola quando cultivado nos meios de cultura BDA/IFB, V8/IFB e BDA. As fontes de carbono sacarose, maltose e dextrose quando combinadas com a peptona como fonte de nitrogênio, promoveram um maior crescimento micelial de M. musicola. O meio de cultura BDA/IFB, com o valor final de pH ajustado para 5,7, em regime de escuro contínuo, apresentou-se como o melhor para o crescimento de M. musicola.
Avaliação tardia da mucosectomia esofágica com conservação da túnica muscular em pacientes com megaesôfago avançado
Authors: Aquino José Luís Braga de , Said Marcelo Manzano , Fernandes Pedro Ricardo
Published: March 2007

OBJETIVO: Estudar retrospectivamente, por meio de uma avaliação tardia, a técnica de mucosectomia esofágica em pacientes com megaesôfago avançado. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 50 pacientes portadores de megaesôfago avançado submetidos à mucosectomia esofágica com conservação da túnica muscular no período de janeiro de 1991 a dezembro de 1997. Em todos os pacientes foi realizada avaliação tardia entre 6 e 15 anos de pós-operatório. A idade variou de 30 a 69 anos, com média de 53,5 anos, com predominância do sexo masculino em 32 pacientes (64%). Em todos os doentes, o estudo se fez em relação à avaliação clínica no que concerne à qualidade da deglutição, à presença ou não de regurgitação, a alterações no hábito intestinal, à evolução ponderal, à satisfação com a cirurgia e ao retorno à atividade normal. Também foi realizada a avaliação morfológica e funcional pelo estudo radiológico contrastado, pela endoscopia digestiva alta e pela tomografia computadorizada de tórax. Na avaliação clínica, morfológica e funcional foi realizada uma avaliação global representada pela somatória dos valores numéricos decorrentes da análise de cada um dos parâmetros, sendo o resultado final considerado bom, ótimo e regular e mau de acordo com o total dos pontos obtidos. RESULTADOS: Na avaliação clínica global, 44 pacientes (88%) apresentaram classificação entre ótima e boa, e o restante regular para mau. Na avaliação radiológica global, ótima e boa estiveram presentes em 47 pacientes (94%) e regular e mau no restante. Na avaliação endoscópica global, 45 pacientes (90%) obtiveram resultados ótimos para bons, e o restante regular para mau. Em relação à tomografia computadorizada de tórax, a avaliação global foi realizada em 31 pacientes sendo considerada ótima e boa em todos os pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação tardia do pós-operatório evidenciou que a maioria dos pacientes apresentou avaliação boa e ótima, tanto na avaliação clínica como na morfológica e funcional.
Níveis de superóxido dismutase produzidos por monócitos em portadores de esquistossomose hepatoesplênica submetidos a esplenectomia, ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda e auto-implante de tecido esplênico no omento maior
Authors: Brandt Carlos Teixeira , Leite Carlos Roberto Carvalho , Manhaes-de-Castro Francisco Machado , Macedo Érika Michelle Correia de , Silva Rebecca Peixoto Paes , Castro Célia Maria Machado Barbosa de
Published: March 2007

OBJETIVO: Investigar os níveis de produção de SOD por monócitos periféricos em pacientes jovens portadores de esquistossomose hepatoesplênica submetidos à esplenectomia, ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda e auto-implante de tecido esplênico. MÉTODO: Quatro grupos foram envolvidos na investigação: G1 - 12 portadores de esquistossomose hepatoesplênica (EHE) sem tratamento; G2 - 13 portadores de EHE que receberam tratamento clínico e se submeteram à operação para descompressão do sistema porta: esplenectomia e ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda (EHE/ELGE); G3 - 19 pacientes jovens similares a G2, mas que receberam também auto-implante de tecido esplênico no omento maior (EHE/ELGE/AI); e G4 - 15 indivíduos sem infecção pelo S. mansoni advindos da mesma área geográfica, apresentando as mesmas condições sócio-econômicas (GC). RESULTADOS: Os indivíduos normais (GC - sem esquistossomose) apresentam níveis de SOD significantemente menores que os portadores de EHE sem tratamento (p<0,01); e aqueles do grupo EHE/ELGE (p<0,05). Os níveis de SOD do grupo EHE/ELGE/AI são estatisticamente similares ao grupo GC (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados corroboram a hipótese de que o tratamento clínico associado à esplenectomia, ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda e auto-implante de tecido esplênico, em portadores jovens de esquistossomose hepatoesplênica, tendem a manter a resposta imune desses indivíduos.
Darwinismo em James: a função da consciência na evolução
Authors: Kinouchi Renato Rodrigues
Published: March 2007

O darwinismo desempenha um papel central na psicologia jamesiana. Com efeito, os conceitos de variação e seleção fornecem uma maneira de escapar tanto do determinismo fisiológico quanto do determinismo sociológico. Ademais, o darwinismo permite a James mostrar a função e a eficácia causal da consciência na evolução dos seres humanos. Este trabalho pretende, por meio de uma análise histórico-conceitual, discutir tais questões que informam a primeira psicologia científica feita nos Estados Unidos.
Effects of budesonide and probiotics enemas on the colonic mucosa of rats with experimental colitis
Authors: Souza Mardem Machado de , Aguilar-Nascimento José Eduardo de , Gomes-da-Silva Maria Helena , Carlos Junior Rubens
Published: March 2007

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of enemas containing probiotics and budesonide on the colonic mucosa in experimental colitis. METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats with experimental colitis induced by 10% acetic acid enema were randomized to five groups (10 rats each) according to the treatment: group 1 - saline solution, group 2 - budesonide (0.75 mg/kg/day), group 3 - probiotics (1mg/day), group 4 - probiotics plus budesonide, and group 5 - control, with not-treated rats. The following variables were studied: body weight, macroscopic and microscopic score of the colonic mucosa, and DNA content of the mucosa. RESULTS: All animals lost weight between the beginning and the end of the experiment (280+ 16 mg versus 249+21 mg, p< 0.001). There was no significant difference among the groups in relation to both the macroscopic and histological score. The budesonide + probiotic group showed higher DNA content than control group (1.24+ 0.15 versus 0.92+ 0.30 mg/100mg of tissue, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Budesonide in addition to probiotics enhance the mucosal trophism in experimental colitis.
Experimental study comparing the tensile strength of different surgical meshes following aponeurotic-muscle deformity synthesis on Wistar rats
Authors: d'Acampora Armando José , Kestering Darlan de Medeiros , Soldi Marly da Silveira , Rossi Lucas Félix
Published: March 2007

PURPOSE: To assess the tensile strength of polypropylene and polypropylene associated with polyglactin meshes (Vypro II® - Ethicon®, Somerville, NJ, USA) in a situation of partial separation of abdominal muscle aponeurosis on rats. METHODS: Thirty rats were used of the Wistar strain, which were randomized into two groups of 15 specimens each. In both groups an aponeurotic-muscle deformity was created on the abdominal wall measuring 3.0 x 1.0 cm, which was closed with polypropylene mesh (polypropylene group) or Vypro® mesh (vypro group). After 28 days the rats underwent euthanasia and an area was removed from the abdominal wall with which a strip was made measuring 2.0 cm in length and 6.0 cm in width comprising the abdominal muscles with the implanted mesh. This sample was placed in a mechanical test machine in which a constant force was applied contrary to the tissue strips. Maximum force expressed in Newton was considered until full rupture of the sample occurred. The non-parametric Kruskal - Wallis test was used for statistical analysis admitting p<0.05. RESULTS: Out of the thirty animals, there were two deaths in the vypro group and one unit in the polypropylene group was lost. One animal in the polypropylene group developed hernia during the study and another one developed granuloma of the abdominal wall. All animals in both groups developed epiplon adherence to the mesh. The average force was 48.08 N for the polypropylene group and 45.32 for the vypro® group. CONCLUSION: In these experimental conditions it could be observed that there is no statistically significant difference in the rupture force of the polypropylene and Vypro® meshes (p=0.54).
Analysis of the effects of the interruption of the flow in the normal arterial endothelium morphology and the correlation with the ischemia duration in rabbits
Authors: Hueb Walkíria Ciappina , Guedes Neto Henrique Jorge , Lancelotti Carmem Lúcia Penteado , Castelli Júnior Valter , Caffaro Roberto Augusto
Published: March 2007

The study of acute arterial insufficiency of the extremities is an area of continuing interest and investigation, in light of the possible effects stemming from the evolution of the disease and the necessity for urgent treatment. PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of the interruption of the flow in the normal arterial endothelium morphology and correlate them with the ischemia duration. METHODS: We submitted 30 rabbits to the ligature of the right external iliac artery for 6 hours or 72 hours and observed specific morphological variables in the endothelial layer under optical and electronic microscopy. RESULTS: In the optical microscopic study, no statistically significant results were observed in the comparison of the groups (control, 6- and 72-hour occlusions). With electronic microscopy, we observed alterations in the endothelial cell characterized by hyperpigmentation with detachment of the same from its bed; and rupture of the internal elastic membrane, with the exposure of the subendothelial material to the vascular lumen. CONCLUSIONS: The optical microscopy was not an effective method for the determination of endothelial morphological alterations; the electronic microscopy allowed us to observe initial signals of the endothelial cell and layer injury 72 hours after the interruption of the normal arterial flow.
Olhares de género face à matemática: uma investigação no ensino obrigatório espanhol
Authors: Gonzalez-Pienda Júlio A. , Núñez José Carlos , Solano Paula , Silva Elza Helena da , Rosário Pedro , Mourão Rosa , Valle António
Published: March 2007

O interesse pelo estudo das atitudes e o seu papel determinante na aprendizagem da matemática tem sido objecto de investigação há mais de 50 anos. Não obstante, actualmente, a investigação ainda se centra sobre as diferenças das atitudes das mulheres e dos homens, bem como sobre as causas de tais diferenças. No geral, os estudos realizados concluíram que, face à aprendizagem da matemática, as mulheres se percepcionam como menos competentes que os homens, embora estes estudos não sejam conclusivos. Outro dos dados emergentes sugere que, à medida que o estudante progride na escolaridade obrigatória, a atitude face à matemática vai sendo mais negativa. O presente trabalho aporta mais alguns dados sobre as diferenças nas atitudes face à matemática em função do género e do ano de escolaridade no contexto educativo espanhol.
A percepção de qualidade de vida do idoso avaliada por si próprio e pelo cuidador
Authors: Trentini Clarissa Marceli , Chachamovich Eduardo , Figueiredo Michelle , Hirakata Vânia Naomi , Fleck Marcelo Pio de Almeida
Published: March 2007

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre a percepção de qualidade de vida (QV) do idoso por ele próprio e por seu cuidador. Assim, 27 pares de idosos-e-cuidadores foram avaliados. Os idosos foram convidados a responder sobre condições sociodemográficas, QV (WHOQOL-100) e sintomatologia depressiva (BDI). Os cuidadores responderam os mesmos itens com relação a sua própria pessoa e também o WHOQOL-100 adaptado. Os dados mostraram uma tendência de o cuidador apresentar pior percepção de QV do idoso do que o próprio idoso cuidado. Apesar disso, observou-se concordância nos resultados de QV percebidos pelo idoso e na opinião do cuidador sobre a QV do idoso nos domínios físico, nível de independência, meio ambiente e espiritualidade/religião. A intensidade de depressão do idoso exerceu forte influência tanto na sua própria percepção de QV quanto na percepção do cuidador.
Avaliação do atrito produzido por braquetes cerâmicos e de aço inoxidável, quando combinados com fios de aço inoxidável
Authors: Bággio Paulo Eduardo , Telles Carlos de Souza , Domiciano João Baptista
Published: March 2007

OBJETIVO: no presente trabalho, comparou-se o atrito produzido por braquetes cerâmicos policristalinos e de aço inoxidável, quando combinados com fios de aço inoxidável, durante a execução de mecânica de deslize. METODOLOGIA: com essa finalidade desenvolveram-se um simulador e metodologia apropriados. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: os coeficientes de atrito verificados na combinação braquete cerâmico/fio de aço inoxidável foram superiores aos da combinação braquete de aço inoxidável/fio de aço inoxidável. Assim sendo, a execução de mecânica de deslize é facilitada quando são utilizados braquetes de aço inoxidável com fios de aço inoxidável.
Crescimento da base craniana nos diferentes tipos faciais nos relacionamentos maxilomandibulares ortopédicos de Classe I, II e III: parte 1
Authors: Pieri Lucelma Vilela , Faltin Junior Kurt , Ortolani Cristina Lúcia Feijó , Faltin Rolf Marçon , Almeida Márcia Aparecida Alves de
Published: March 2007

OBJETIVO: este estudo retrospectivo avaliou o crescimento médio anual da base craniana nos diferentes tipos faciais nos relacionamentos maxilomandibulares ortopédicos de Classe I, II e III. METODOLOGIA: uma amostra aleatória de 300 pacientes brasileiros leucodermas (131 do gênero masculino, 169 do gênero feminino), com idade média inicial de 10 anos e 2 meses (dentadura mista) e final de 14 anos e 8 meses (segundos molares em oclusão) e tempo médio de observação de 4 anos e 5 meses, foi selecionada em uma clínica particular, em São Paulo, Brasil. Havia 118 Classe I, 151 Classe II e 31 Classe III. Todas as 600 radiografias cefalométricas laterais foram obtidas no mesmo aparelho de raios-x. As análises de Ricketts e Schwarz modificadas por Faltin foram usadas. As medidas lineares (Ba-Na, CC-Na, CC-Ba e CF-Po) foram feitas pelo mesmo examinadora em T1 e T2. Os tipos faciais e de relacionamentos foram estudados juntos com a amostragem total e subdividida por gêneros. Os testes de Levene e t de Student foram aplicados. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: os resultados confirmaram os valores de Langlade, porém mostraram dimorfismo sexual, com o gênero masculino crescendo significativamente mais que o feminino. Este estudo será de grande aplicação para a previsão de crescimento, prognóstico e o plano de tratamento de pacientes em crescimento.
Efeito do treinamento resistido sobre a osteoporose após a menopausa: estudo de atualização
Authors: Jovine Marcia Salazar , Buchalla Cassia Maria , Santarém Érica Maria Machado , Santarém José Maria , Aldrighi José Mendes
Published: March 2007

OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito de intervenções com treinamento resistido sobre a força muscular e densidade mineral óssea nos sítios de maior ocorrência de fraturas relacionadas a osteoporose em mulheres no estágio de vida após a menopausa. METODOLOGIA: Estudo de atualização por meio de revisão sistemática de ensaios controlados randomizados e meta-análise nas bases de dados do Colégio Americano de Medicina Esportiva e da Biblioteca Cochrane no período compreendido entre os anos de 1985 e fevereiro de 2005. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados vinte e seis estudos que atenderam os critérios de inclusão, realizados nos países Alemanha, Austrália, Áustria, Canadá, China, Estados Unidos, França, e Japão, com um total de 2.300 mulheres com idades entre 40 e 92 anos. Intervenções com treinamento resistido apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significantes sobre a força muscular e a densidade mineral óssea nos sítios vértebras lombares, fêmur (triângulo de Ward/trocanter) e quadril total. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento resistido mostrou ser capaz de prover estímulo para aumentar a força muscular e a formação óssea, influenciando os fatores de risco relacionados com osteoporose e quedas seguidas de fratura em mulheres no estágio de vida após a menopausa.
Prevalence of oral hemangioma, vascular malformation and varix in a Brazilian population
Authors: Corrêa Priscila Henriques , Nunes Lara Cristina Caldeira , Johann Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues , Aguiar Maria Cássia Ferreira de , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Mesquita Ricardo Alves
Published: March 2007

Hemangioma, vascular malformation and varix are benign vascular lesions, common in the head and neck regions. Studies about the prevalence of these lesions in the oral cavity are scarce. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and to obtain clinical data on oral hemangioma, vascular malformation and varix in a Brazilian population. Clinical data on those lesions were retrieved from the clinical forms from the files of the Oral Diagnosis Service, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 1992 to 2002. Descriptive analysis was performed. A total of 2,419 clinical forms in the 10-year period were evaluated, of which 154 (6.4%) cases were categorized as oral hemangioma, oral vascular malformation or oral varix. Oral varix was the most frequent lesion (65.6%). Females had more oral hemangioma and oral varix than males. Oral vascular malformation and oral varix were more prevalent in the 7th and 6th decades, respectively. Oral hemangioma and oral varix were more prevalent in the ventral surface of the tongue and oral vascular malformation, in the lips. Oral hemangioma was treated with sclerotherapy (54.5%), and vascular malformation was managed with sclerotherapy and surgery (19.4% each). The data of this study suggests that benign vascular lesions are unusual alterations on the oral mucosa and jaws.
Rhabdomyolysis and Necrotic Bowel After Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen Overdose
Authors: Nelson Holli , Katz Daniel , Dunn Ty , Singh Gajendra , Voigt Michael , Whitaker Eric , Thomsen David
Published: March 2007

A 28‐year‐old man with schizophrenia intentionally ingested a lethal dose of acetaminophen and an unknown quantity of ibuprofen. He arrived at the hospital with acute renal and fulminant liver failure complicated by rhabdomyolysis. His creatine kinase level was 20,306 U/L on admission, which increased to 245,595 U/L by hospital day 2, and subsequently decreased to 339 U/L by day 16. The patient underwent liver transplantation on day 3; necrotic bowel was found during surgery. Rhabdomyolysis associated with acetaminophen overdose has been described only in a few case reports, but rarely in association with acetaminophen taken alone. The literature does not provide a clear association between acetaminophen and rhabdomyolysis because of other possible traumatic and nontraumatic causes. In this case, the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated a probable adverse reaction of rhabdomyolysis associated with acetaminophen overdose. In addition, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDs) are well known to be ulcerogenic in the upper gastrointestinal tract, but potential effects on the lower tract are less well known. Only a few NSAID‐induced cases of ischemic colitis have been reported. Several mechanisms of action have been proposed, such as direct mucosal damage and inhibition of intestinal prostaglandin production. In this patient, the Naranjo scale indicated a probable adverse reaction of ischemic colitis associated with ibuprofen overdose. Patients who have taken an acetaminophen overdose should be assessed for rhabdomyolysis as a possible complication. In addition, an evaluation of ibuprofen‐induced bowel necrosis in these patients may be warranted.
New Studies Influencing Treatment of Heart Failure: 2006 Update
Authors: Dunlap Mark E.
Published: March 2007

The number of hospitalizations for heart failure has continued to increase despite rapid and significant advances in cardiovascular care. The mortality rate is lower, but morbidity remains significant. In 2004, over 1 million people were hospitalized for heart failure. Conservative estimates indicate that the United States spends more than $33 billion annually, with hospital and nursing home costs consuming 75% of the total, home health care 10%, care providers 8%, and drugs and medical durables 8%. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor use confers a 16–20% reduction in mortality. β‐Blocker use also confers a significant reduction in mortality, as well as reduces hospitalizations. Angiotensin II receptor blockers also reduce mortality and morbidity. Appropriate use of drugs can reduce other costs associated with heart failure. During the past 20 years, many trials in patients with heart failure have been conducted. Those that have demonstrated reductions in morbidity and mortality were reviewed in order to identify the important implications for sound clinical care of patients with heart failure. Managed care practitioners and pharmacists who take the time to revisit pertinent studies will understand how each incremental knowledge enhancement builds on previous data. They will also know which agents are preferred based on well‐conducted clinical trials, as well as the target doses at which these agents should be used.
Efficiency of solar water disinfection photocatalized by titanium dioxide of varying particle size
Authors: Salih F. M. , Pillay A. E.
Published: March 2007

Titanium dioxide photocatalysed water disinfection is induced by the interaction of light with TiO2, which generates highly reactive free hydroxyl radicals (OH•). These free radicals create lethal damage that leads to bacterial death. Normally, decreasing TiO2 particle size increases the area of light interaction. This may possibly increase the concentration of OH• generated and hence increases disinfection efficiency. Moreover, decreasing the particle size increases the force of attraction between the particles and cells, which could create aggregates that may contribute to the local OH• concentration. In the present investigation cells of Escherichia coli were used as the test microorganism, TiO2 as the photocatalyst and sunlight as the light source. Four different surface areas of TiO2 particles corresponding to 10, 50, 80–100 and ≥300 m2 g−1 were tested at a concentration of 1 g l−1. Disinfection efficiency increased with increasing the surface area producing a maximum between 80–100 m2 g−1 followed by a reduction at ≥300 m2 g−1. The reduction in the efficiency at this relatively high surface area was attributed to the increase in the local concentration of OH•. This increase may be high enough to initiate radical-radical interaction that would compete with bacterial cells and reduce the chance of bacterial cell-radical interaction taking place. Moreover, the phenomenon of TiO2 aggregation with bacterial cells plays an important role, and the extent of aggregation increases with decreasing particle size. Such aggregation could augment the concentration of OH• within the cell vicinity. This suggests that surface area is a key factor in determining the efficiency of disinfection, and that concentration is a vital factor.
Estimation of the total daily oral intake of NDMA attributable to drinking water
Authors: Fristachi Anthony , Rice Glenn
Published: March 2007

Disinfection with chlorine and chloramine leads to the formation of many disinfection by-products including N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Because NDMA is a probable human carcinogen, public health officials are concerned with its occurrence in drinking water. The goal of this study was to estimate NDMA concentrations from exogenous (i.e., drinking water and food) and endogenous (i.e., formed in the human body) sources, calculate average daily doses for ingestion route exposures and estimate the proportional oral intake (POI) of NDMA attributable to the consumption of drinking water relative to other ingestion sources of NDMA. The POI is predicted to be 0.02% relative to exogenous and endogenous NDMA sources combined. When only exogenous sources are considered, the POI was predicted to be 2.7%. The exclusion of endogenously formed NDMA causes the POI to increase dramatically, reflecting its importance as a potentially major source of exposure and uncertainty in the model. Although concentrations of NDMA in foods are small and human exposure to NDMA from foods is quite low, the contribution from food is predicted to be high relative to that of drinking water. The mean concentration of NDMA in drinking water would need to increase from 2.1 × 10−3 μg/L to 0.10 μg/L, a 47-fold increase, for the POI to reach 1%, relative to all sources of NDMA considered in our model, suggesting that drinking water consumption is most likely a minor source of NDMA exposure.
Molecular evidence for the ubiquitous presence of Legionella species in Dutch tap water installations
Authors: Diederen Bram M. W. , de Jong Caroline M. A. , Aarts Ingrid , Peeters Marcel F. , van der Zee Anneke
Published: March 2007

Our aim was to investigate the occurrence and identity of Legionella spp. in Dutch tap water installations using culture, real-time PCR and sequence analysis. The PCR assays used were a 16S rRNA gene based PCR with both a Legionella species specific probe and a L. pneumophila specific probe and a L. pneumophila-specific PCR based on the sequence of the mip gene. A total of 357 water samples from 250 locations in The Netherlands was investigated. The detection rates of Legionella spp. were 2,2% (8 of 357) by culture, and 87,1% (311 of 357) by PCR. The majority of samples was found to contain Legionella species other than L. pneumophila. These comprised of Legionella Like Amoebal Pathogens (LLAPs), L. busanensis, L. worsliensis and others. Fourteen (3,9%) samples were positive for L. pneumophila by either culture, 16S rRNA based PCR and/or mip based PCR. It is apparent from this study that Legionella spp. DNA is ubiquitous in Dutch potable water samples. Our findings further suggest that LLAPs and viable but nonculturable (VBNC) Legionella represent a large proportion of the population in man-made environments.