bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy of psychosocial interventions for opioid‐dependent people receiving methadone maintenance treatment: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Wen Hao , Xiang Xingyu , Jiang Yong , Zhang Haoyu , Zhang Peiming , Chen Rouhao , Wei Xiaojing , Dong Yu , Xiao Songhua , Lu Liming
Published: February 2023

Aims

To estimate the efficacy of multiple psychosocial interventions for opioid‐dependent people receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).

Methods

Systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effect of psychosocial intervention for opioid‐dependent people receiving MMT in outpatient clinics. We searched multiple data sources (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library) from inception to January 2022, finding 21 RCTs evaluating a total of 2862 people with opioid dependence receiving MMT. The primary outcome was the opioid‐positive rate (assessed by urinalysis) and the secondary outcome was treatment discontinuation (the number of patients who terminated the study for any reason). We performed random‐effects Bayesian meta‐analysis. We used relative ranking using surface under the cumulative ranking method and certainty of evidence using grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations.

Results

Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.66, 95% credible interval (CI) = 0.66–0.96; low certainty] and educational and behavioral counseling (EBC) (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.12–0.25; high certainty) were more effective than treatment as usual (TAU) in efficacy. In terms of treatment discontinuation, at the end of the follow‐up period there was no statistical significance among psychosocial interventions. According to the ranking probabilities, EBC might be the most effective treatment and behavioral couples’ therapy (BCT) might be the best discontinuation treatment.

Conclusions

Educational and behavioral counseling and cognitive–behavioral therapy appear to be the most effective psychosocial interventions for opioid‐dependent people receiving methadone maintenance treatment.
The largest trees in Australia
Authors: Williams Jessica L. , Lindenmayer David , Mifsud Brett
Published: February 2023

Large old trees have many critical ecological functions. We collated information about Australia's tallest and largest (by circumference) trees from several databases. The 20 tallest trees in Australia are currently all Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) found primarily in Tasmania. There are also some Mountain Ash trees in Victoria which are over 90 m tall and still increasing in height. The 20 largest (by circumference) trees are distributed throughout four states (NSW, TAS, WA and VIC) with Mountain Ash accounting for more than half of the trees on this list. Making this information available in one location increases its accessibility and allows for priority species and areas for conservation to be more easily identified. Documenting the size and condition of trees, together with their location, will enable them to be revisited and monitored in the future. This practice will allow changes in tree condition, occurring through growth and/or deterioration, to be documented. We trust that by increasing the accessibility of this information, we encourage more people to take an interest in the ecology and conservation of large old trees. This is important given the past and present cultural significance of trees to Australia's First Nations People and the need to preserve this information and appreciation for nature.
SNAPenrollment cycles: New insights from heterogeneous panel models withcross‐sectionaldependence
Authors: Valizadeh Pourya , Fischer Bart L. , Bryant Henry L.
Published: February 2023

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) has grown rapidly over the past 2 decades. A large literature relies on state‐level panel data on SNAP enrollment and implements traditional two‐way fixed effects estimators to identify the impact of economic conditions on SNAP enrollment. This empirical strategy implicitly assumes slope parameter homogeneity and ignores the possibility of cross‐sectional dependence in the regression error terms. The latter could feasibly arise in state‐level panel data if the time‐varying unobserved common shocks, such as national financial crises, have differential effects on SNAP participation across states in the United States. This study empirically evaluates the appropriateness of these two assumptions by adopting a more general common factor model, allowing for slope parameter heterogeneity and error term cross‐sectional dependence both separately and jointly. We find that although assuming a common slope parameter across states does not seem problematic for identification, allowing for the error term cross‐sectional dependence leads to a roughly 40% reduction in the estimated long‐run impact of the unemployment rate on SNAP enrollment. This finding has important implications for policymaking decisions—even small biases could lead to suboptimal policy responses considering the program's size. Our counterfactual simulations support our main results, implying the importance of carefully accounting for time‐varying unobserved heterogeneity when studying the cyclicality of SNAP enrollment using state‐level panel data.
Valuation effects of earnings management on hotel firm value
Authors: Chen Ying , Capener Don , Valenzuela Eric
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the valuation effects of earnings quality on a hotel’s firm value between 1991 and 2017. A unique perspective from the financial crisis period is utilized to explore the changes further when hotel firms face financial distress. We adopt the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression method in this study. Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression and Petersen’s Clustered Standard Error Model to confirm the validity of results. Seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) analysis is adopted to compare the impact of the financial crisis on subsamples of low and high Altman Z‐scores and subsamples of non‐Big‐4 and Big‐4 firms. Substantial evidence supports our assertion that increased discretionary accruals and earnings management bring down earnings quality and, in turn, decrease a hotel’s firm value. Results reinforce that the 2008 financial crisis had an impact on the relationship between earnings management and hotel firm value. The negative effect that discretionary accruals and earnings management have on hotel firm value is mitigated for hotel firms with low credit strength or not audited by one of the Big‐4 firms. Stockholders of hotel firms should be aware of the impact and enforce additional measures to control earnings management activities during a financial crisis.
The impact of diagnostic method on sense of control and powerlessness and social support in endometriosis patients—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hanly Ciara , Leonardi Mathew , Eathorne Allie , Armour Mike
Published: February 2023

Introduction

It is recognized that for individuals living with endometriosis, receiving a diagnosis is psychosocially beneficial, but little is known about whether this is influenced by the way in which the disease is diagnosed. The primary objective of this study was to determine the impact of the diagnostic test method (clinical, diagnostic imaging, or diagnostic laparoscopy) of endometriosis on the individual's sense of control over their disease and their perceived access to social supports. The secondary objectives were to identify the impact of the diagnostic method on perceived social support, and to explore if there was a difference in the diagnostic method utilization between countries.

Material and Methods

This retrospective cohort study reports on data collected using the Endometriosis Health Profile‐30 (EHP‐30) section of a previously published larger survey conducted between May and July 2020. Women aged 18–55 years who had received a diagnosis of endometriosis were recruited by social media platforms. The two domains of interest on the EHP‐30 were control and powerlessness and social support. Scores on these domains were analyzed with diagnosis method as the variable of interest.

Results

In all, 1634 valid survey responses were received. There was a small statistically significant difference found between control and powerlessness scores for patients that received a diagnosis via imaging (ultrasound/MRI; n = 120) vs clinical diagnosis (n = 121) (p = 0.049). However, this did not reach clinical significance when covariates were controlled for (p = 0.054). No other comparisons reached statistical significance.

Conclusions

The diagnostic method of endometriosis does not appear to have a clinically significant impact on an individual's sense of control over their disease nor their access to social supports. However, further research into these domains to delineate the true impact of the diagnostic method is required.
Editorial: achievements and unresolved questions in improving the pharmacokinetics of vedolizumab in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Vuijk Stephanie A. , de Ridder Lissy
Published: February 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Colman et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17277 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17337
Editorial: baseline hepatitis B virus haplotype number may help predict a functional cure in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleotide analogues
Authors: Li Yu‐Jing , Chen En‐Qiang
Published: February 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wagner et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17299 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17364
Editorial: baseline hepatitis B virus haplotype number may help predict a functional cure in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleotide analogues—authors' reply
Authors: Wagner Josef , Littlejohn Margaret , Revill Peter A.
Published: February 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wagner et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17299 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17328
Letter: improved alanine aminotransferase level in non‐cirrhotic and low‐viral load chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogues —authorsʼ reply
Authors: Huang Rui , Wang Jian , Yan Xiaomin , Zhu Chuanwu , Wu Chao
Published: February 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17272 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17329
A retrospective study of 333 emergency presentations and survival to discharge of backyard chickens in Australia from 2019 to 2022
Authors: Taggers A , Baron H
Published: February 2023

This retrospective study assessed the diagnoses of emergency presentations and the survival to discharge of backyard chickens in five veterinary clinics within Australia. A total of 333 cases were reviewed from September 2019 to March 2022. October to December was the busiest period in both 2021 and 2020, with cases steadily increasing in the warmer months. Discharge following emergency presentation occurred in 57.4% of reviewed cases. Female chickens represented 92.7% of total cases, with an average age at presentation of 2.2 years (ranging from 1 day to 10 years). The most frequent diagnoses were of reproductive disease (n = 94/333), open diagnosis (n = 55/333), respiratory disease (n = 42/333), predator attack (n = 28/333), musculoskeletal disease (n = 22/333) and parasitism (n = 22/333).
Management of patients with germline predisposition to haematological malignancies considered for allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation: Best practice consensus guidelines from the UK Cancer Genetics Group (UKCGG), CanGene‐CanVar, NHS England Genomic Laboratory Hub (GLH) Haematological Malignancies Working Group and the British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and cellular therapy (BSBMTCT)
Authors: Clark Andrew , Thomas Sally , Hamblin Angela , Talley Polly , Kulasekararaj Austin , Grinfeld Jacob , Speight Beverley , Snape Katie , McVeigh Terri P. , Snowden John A.
Published: February 2023

Germline predisposition to haematological cancers is increasingly being recognised. Widespread adoption of high‐throughput and whole genome sequencing is identifying large numbers of causative germline mutations. Constitutional pathogenic variants in six genes (DEAD‐box helicase 41 [DDX41], ETS variant transcription factor 6 [ETV6], CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha [CEBPA], RUNX family transcription factor 1 [RUNX1], ankyrin repeat domain containing 26 [ANKRD26] and GATA binding protein 2 [GATA2]) are particularly significant in increasing the risk of haematological cancers, with variants in some of these genes also associated with non‐malignant syndromic features. Allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) is central to management in many haematological cancers. Identification of germline variants may have implications for the patient and potential family donors. Beyond selection of an appropriate haematopoietic stem cell donor there may be sensitive issues surrounding identification and counselling of hitherto asymptomatic relatives. If BMT is needed, there is frequently a clinical urgency that demands a rapid integrated multidisciplinary approach to testing and decision making involving haematologists in collaboration with Clinical and Laboratory Geneticists. Here, we present best practice consensus guidelines arrived at following a meeting convened by the UK Cancer Genetics Group (UKCGG), the Cancer Research UK (CRUK) funded CanGene‐CanVar research programme (CGCV), NHS England Genomic Laboratory Hub (GLH) Haematological Oncology Malignancies Working Group and the British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (BSBMTCT).
α‐Synuclein decoy peptide protects mice against α‐synuclein‐induced memory loss
Authors: Guo Qingyun , Kawahata Ichiro , Jia Wenbin , Wang Haoyang , Cheng An , Yabuki Yasushi , Shioda Norifumi , Fukunaga Kohji
Published: February 2023

Aims

We previously found that a decoy peptide derived from the C‐terminal sequence of α‐Synuclein (αSyn) prevents cytotoxic αSyn aggregation caused by fatty acid‐binding protein 3 (FABP3) in vitro. In this study, we continued to utilize αSyn‐derived peptides to further validate their effects on αSyn neurotoxicity and behavioral impairments in αSyn preformed fibrils (PFFs)‐injected mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

Mice were injected with αSyn PFFs in the bilateral olfactory bulb (OB) and then were subjected to behavioral analysis at 2‐week intervals post‐injection. Peptides nasal administration was initiated one week after injection. Changes in phosphorylation of αSyn and neuronal damage in the OB were measured using immunostaining at week 4. The effect of peptides on the interaction between αSyn and FABP3 was examined using co‐immunoprecipitation.

Results

αSyn PFF‐injected mice showed significant memory loss but no motor function impairment. Long‐term nasal treatment with peptides effectively prevented memory impairment. In peptide‐treated αSyn PFF‐injected mice, the peptides entered the OB smoothly through the nasal cavity and were mainly concentrated in neurons in the mitral cell layer, significantly suppressing the excessive phosphorylation of αSyn and reducing the formation of αSyn‐FABP3 oligomers, thereby preventing neuronal death. The addition of peptides also blocked the interaction of αSyn and FABP3 at the recombinant protein level, and its effect was strongest at molar concentrations comparable to those of αSyn and FABP3.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the αSyn decoy peptide represents a novel therapeutic approach for reducing the accumulation of toxic αSyn‐FABP3 oligomers in the brain, thereby preventing the progression of synucleinopathies.
A novel biologically hierarchical hydrogel with osteoblast precursor‐targeting extracellular vesicles ameliorates bone loss in vivo via the sequential action of antagomiR‐200b‐3p and antagomiR‐130b‐3p
Authors: Dai Hanhao , Yu Yunlong , Han Junyong , Luo Jun , Song Chao , Deng Zhibo , Wu Yijing , Ke Dianshan , Xu Jie
Published: February 2023

Osteoporotic fracture is a major health problem plaguing the ageing society, and improving its treatment is an urgent challenge. How to ameliorate bone loss determines the recovery of such fractures. Extracellular vesicle (EV)‐loaded hydrogel has the capacity to treat osteoporotic fractures due to its pro‐osteogenic property. And balancing proliferation and maturation of osteoblast precursors (OBPs) is of great significance to avoid OBP depletion, which is lacking in current treatment. Based on osteoblastogenic miRNAs, this study aimed to explore the efficacies of the combination of hierarchical hydrogel and EVs altering functional miRNAs level in bone loss. Through bioinformatics analyses, we screened out proliferative gene‐targeting miR‐200b‐3p and osteogenic gene‐targeting miR‐130b‐3p. And antagomiR‐200b‐3p (ant‐200b) enhanced OBP proliferation, and antagomiR‐130b‐3p (ant‐130b) promoted OBP differentiation. After confirming the directional effect of Fibronectin (Fn1) on OBPs, we prepared OBP‐targeting EVs. Furthermore, encapsulation of two antagomiRNAs in EVs enhanced the respective effect of ant‐200b and ant‐130b. Notably, hierarchically injectable hydrogel exerted an effective function in promoting the sequential delivery of EVs‐200b and EVs‐130b. Importantly, hierarchical hydrogel containing dual EVs effectively ameliorated bone loss. Overall, hierarchical hydrogel based on two antagomiRNAs effectively improves bone loss in vivo due to its role in promoting OBP proliferation and maturation sequentially.
Person‐first language in diabetes and obesity scientific publications
Authors: Dickinson Jane K. , Bialonczyk Damian , Reece Jessica , Kyle Theodore K. , Close Kelly L. , Nadglowski Joseph , Johnson Katie , Garza Matthew , Pash Elizabeth , Chiquette Elaine
Published: February 2023

Aims

We aimed to quantify the use of person‐first language (PFL) among scholarly articles focusing on diabetes or obesity.

Methods

PFL and condition‐first language (CFL) terms for diabetes and obesity (e.g. diabetic, obese) were identified from existing guidelines and a review of the literature. Exact phrase literature searches were conducted between 2011 and 2020 and results were categorised as PFL, CFL or both.

Results

Among diabetes articles, 43% used PFL, 40% used CFL and 17% contained both. Among obesity articles, 0.5% used PFL, 99% used CFL and 0.2% used both. The use of PFL increased by 3% per year for diabetes articles, compared to 117% for obesity articles. The rate of adoption of PFL in diabetes articles was unchanged in 2018–2020 compared to the 3 years prior.

Conclusions

While the use of person‐first language in diabetes articles had increased over the review period, its rate of adoption has started to slow. Conversely, the use of PFL in obesity articles is nascent and increasing.
Burden of liver complications related to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in China from 2005 to 2019: Observations from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2019
Authors: Liu Huixin , Qi Jinlei , Yang Jia , Liu Feng , Li Xiaohe , Yin Peng , Wang Lijun , Liang Zhisheng , Wei Lai , Rao Huiying , Zhou Maigeng
Published: February 2023

Aim

To assess the burden of liver complications related to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (LC‐NAFLD) from 2005 to 2019 in China.

Materials and Methods

We used data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, 2019, to present contemporary and varying profiles of China's LC‐NAFLD burden. The Joinpoint Regression model and Gaussian process regression were, respectively, used to estimate the annual percentage change in prevalence rates and disability‐adjusted life‐year (DALY) rates, and the relationship between the sociodemographic index (SDI) and age‐standardized rates of LC‐NAFLD.

Results

In 2019, China had 293.42 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 263.69‐328.44) LC‐NAFLD cases with a prevalence rate and DALYs of 20.63 (95% UI: 23.09‐18.54) per 1000 people and 591.03 thousand (95% UI: 451.25‐737.33), respectively. North China had the highest prevalence but the lowest DALYs of LC‐NAFLD, whereas Southwest China had the lowest prevalence but the highest DALYs. LC‐NAFLD were more common in men than in women (male: female ratio, 1.27) in 2019. From 2005 to 2019, the prevalence of NAFLD cases increased by 68.32% (from 174.32 million in 2005 to 293.42 million in 2019), mainly because of an age‐specific prevalence rate increase.

Conclusion

The LC‐NAFLD burden in China is substantial and has increased markedly over the past 15 years. Effective measures for low SDI regions and men are needed to address the rapidly increasing NAFLD burden.
Immunization status in patients with multiple sclerosis: A cross‐sectional, monocenter study in Austria
Authors: Berek Klaus , Deisl Philipp , Bichler Maximilian , Auer Michael , Barket Robert , Bauer Angelika , Zinganell Anne , Di Pauli Franziska , Deisenhammer Florian , Hegen Harald
Published: February 2023

Background and purpose

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) under certain disease‐modifying therapies (DMT) show a higher risk of infection and a lower immune response to vaccination. Hence, assessing immunization status prior to DMT start and, where necessary, performing vaccinations is  recommended. We aimed to determine the immunization status in MS patients and to identify factors associated with low vaccination rates.

Methods

Patients with MS who were seen at the MS clinic of the Medical University of Innsbruck throughout a period of 14 months in 2020 and 2021 were eligible for inclusion into this prospective, single‐center study. Immunization status against 17 different pathogens was obtained from vaccination certificate and by patient questionnaire. Antibody detection against seven antigens was performed in peripheral blood.

Results

Of 424 patients with MS at a mean age of 43 ± 12 years, the vast majority had vaccinations against tetanus (94%), diphtheria (92%), and poliomyelitis (90%), whereas a lower proportion had vaccinations against tick‐borne encephalitis (70%), pertussis (69%), hepatitis B (65%), rubella (55%), hepatitis A (50%), measles (49%), mumps (47%), and only a minority against influenza (10%), pneumococcal (6%) and meningococcal disease (4%), human papillomavirus (4%), yellow fever (2%), and varicella zoster virus (1%). A total of 87% received vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2. Overall, higher vaccination rates were associated with younger age, relapsing disease course, and education level. Misinformation on infectious diseases and vaccines was associated with lower vaccination rates.

Conclusions

The majority of MS patients did not fulfil vaccination recommendations. Efforts to increase vaccination rates, preferentially before DMT start, should be promoted.
Stress recognition with multi‐modal sensing using bootstrapped ensemble deep learning model
Authors: Singh Ghanapriya , Phukan Orchid Chetia , Kumar Ravinder
Published: February 2023

The factors that influence a person's mental health are numerous, interconnected, and multi‐dimensional. Recognition of stress is one of the facets in developing the Mental Healthcare (MHC) system framework. With the advent of technology, smart wearable devices have paved a way to collect data in real‐time to provide the cutting‐edge reports about the individual. Due to the physiological sensors present in the smart wearable devices, it is now possible to have a robust system to recognize the stress of the smart wearable devices user thus consecutively leading to recognition of factors in leading to stress. However, the current MHC system for recognition and identification of stress have several drawbacks. First, stress recognition is mostly designed for a particular group of individuals like occupational stress, perinatal maternal stress, or health worker stress and fails to propose a framework that would not be targeted for a particular group of individual. Second, most of the previous work done on stress recognition focuses on the extraction of handcrafted features thus requiring human intervention and expertise. To address these issues, this study proposes, a hybrid deep learning based ensemble approach for automated extraction of features and classification into various state of stress for MHC system. The proposed framework takes input from wearable physiological sensors and is provided to deep learning classifier of convolutional neural network (CNN) and CNN‐long short term memory based ensemble model. The proposed framework has been experimented on the wearable stress and affect detection dataset and reports an accuracy of 91.52% that is 7.20% higher than earlier reported accuracies from other machine learning and deep learning models.
Early exposure to adverse childhood experiences and delinquent peer association among youth
Authors: Jones Melissa S. , Pierce Hayley , Shoaf Hannah
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study examines the relationships between cumulative, timing of, and duration of early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and delinquent peer association among youth.

Background

Negative life outcomes associated with delinquent peer affiliation among youth are well established; however, less research has considered how or whether ACEs influence these processes.

Methods

Data were from the longitudinal Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 3,060). Negative binomial regression models were to assess the relationship between early ACEs (i.e., accumulation, timing/duration) and delinquent peer association.

Results

Our results indicate that as the number of ACEs (by age 5) incrementally increase, the likelihood of reported involvement with delinquent peers increases. Moreover, when it comes to timing and duration of ACE exposure, ACEs that are high but late, intermittent, or chronically high significantly increase the risk of delinquent peer association.

Conclusion and implications

Overall, early ACEs play an important role in delinquent peer association during adolescence. Interventions and preventions strategies, such as psychological first aid and trauma‐informed health care, can help reduce the negative consequences of early ACE exposure, including the risk of associating with delinquent peers.
Length–length relationships for the main shark species caught in the commercial shark fisheries of Western Australia
Authors: Bartes Saia Nahir , Braccini Matías
Published: February 2023

Length–length relationships are presented for 19 shark species caught in the commercial shark fisheries of Western Australia. A robust linear regression model was used to estimate the relationship between interdorsal, total and fork lengths. Sharks are typically landed as trunks, so information generated in our study is essential for converting partial lengths to total lengths for reconstructing catch composition, an essential step for assessing the status of shark populations.
Species sensitivity and functional uniqueness determine the response of macroinvertebrate functional diversity to species loss in urban streams
Authors: Gao Jin , Peng Zhiqi , Zang Haoming , Wang Yinchang , Ding Ning , He Siwen , Datry Thibault , Wang Beixin
Published: February 2023

Land‐use change, particularly urbanisation, has led to an unprecedented decline in species and functional diversity worldwide. However, the mechanism through which such species loss affects functional diversity remains unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate this mechanism from the perspectives of the association between species sensitivity and functional uniqueness (i.e., their relative contribution to functional diversity) and their related functional traits.

We collected stream macroinvertebrates and measured environmental and land‐use variables from 152 sites in the highly urbanised Qiantang River Basin in the Zhejiang Province of eastern China. Firstly, we evaluated the sensitivity to urbanisation and functional uniqueness of each macroinvertebrate taxon to identify their association patterns. Secondly, we examined the decline in functional diversity in response to taxon loss by comparing simulated ordered and random taxon loss scenarios. Finally, we identified sensitivity‐related traits (SRT) and functional uniqueness‐related traits (URT) using the Mann–Whitney U‐test to elucidate their role in shaping functional response patterns to taxon loss.

Urbanisation showed a remarkable effect on the taxonomic and functional diversity of macroinvertebrates. Functional diversity declined nonlinearly with taxon loss, with the threshold response shifting to a rapid decline after 29.7%–60.0% taxa were lost. The sensitivities of ephemeropteran, plecopteran and trichopteran taxa (EPT) were negatively associated with their functional uniqueness, although this association was not detected when considering all macroinvertebrates. We identified 11 SRT and nine URT, but only one URT overlapped SRT.

The association between species sensitivity and its functional uniqueness shapes functional decline patterns in response to taxon loss. Overlap patterns of SRT and URT offer novel insights into mechanisms underlying stress‐induced decline in functional diversity.

The process of functional diversity decline in response to species loss caused by urbanisation also may be affected by species turnover or even compensated for by non‐native species in real world ecosystems. How functional diversity responds to species loss remains an open topic that needs to be cautiously addressed.
Resetting urban human‐microbial relations in pandemic times
Authors: Maller Cecily Jane
Published: February 2023

Microbes, particularly of the viral kind, are currently preoccupying human activity and concerns due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Although for a long time there has been fear associated with ‘germs’, notably viruses and bacteria and the diseases they cause, the pandemic has set these fears into overdrive. As serious as this ongoing event is, there are broader interests and important alternative narratives about the microbial world permeating current thinking, based on research that intersects with and includes biopolitical and relational research in geography. In an attempt at balancing the prevailingly negative discourses about microbes and the potential harms they can cause, and to encourage more geographers to contribute to understanding human‐microbial relations, this paper draws together recent research across disciplines to discuss the prevalence and role of microbes in environments and in and on human bodies. Drawing on ideas of more‐than‐human care, the paper shows how geographers and other social scientists can and are already helping reset human‐microbial relations, and where further work can productively be done.
“In this together”? Gender inequality associated with home‐working couples during the first COVID lockdown
Authors: Nagy Beáta , Geambașu Réka , Gergely Orsolya , Somogyi Nikolett
Published: February 2023

The first lockdown, conferred upon us by the COVID‐19 outbreak in March 2020, created a unique, 3‐month‐long, laboratory‐like situation that made gender relations and women's work especially relevant for social research. Full‐time employed parents who switched to working from home were in a unique position to renegotiate the division of housework, childcare, or the management of school‐related tasks. This paper explores what happened to the gendered division of unpaid work and what factors explain the (failed) renegotiation between full‐time working parents. To explore this issue, we interviewed 52 Hungarian‐speaking mothers in two countries, Hungary and Romania, who were living in heterosexual dual‐earner families with children under the age of 14, and who were working full‐time. Results show that, despite the unusual situation, the usual pattern of the division of unpaid work was sustained by most parents. Even though they were unhappy and sometimes overwhelmed with their workload, most mothers did not mind the division of care duties. Research findings deliver evidence that mothers' lack of willingness and ability to renegotiate the division of unpaid labor in the household was determined both from “inside” and “outside” households. The gendered nature of care work and intensive parenting and mothers' position in the labor market, including the flexibility of their employment, are two sets of mutually interwoven factors that contributed to women's lack of willingness to challenge the unequal division of reproductive work.
“I only wanted one thing and that was to be who I am now”: Being a trans young adult and (re)negotiating vocational identity
Authors: Corlett Sara , Stutterheim Sarah E. , Whiley Lilith A.
Published: February 2023

Developing vocational identity as a young adult is a complex feat and may be even more so for transgender people, who have to navigate their professional selves in a largely cisgender and heteronormative world that minoritizes them. This qualitative study explores how transgender youths develop a vocational identity. Through 10 in‐depth interviews in the Netherlands and Belgium, we found that participants had to negotiate favoring education (at the expense of gender transition) or sensemaking their gender identity (at the expense of schooling), while seeking to avoid discrimination. In addition, we observed that transitioning was also an enabling process, facilitating the development of trans young adults' vocational identity. We also found that trans young adults see the (un)attainability of career paths related to anticipated stigmatization and other expectations related to their trans identities. In particular, they mentioned occupations where hegemonic masculinity and gender binarism are praised, while those involving interaction with children and teenagers are not attainable. Organizations celebrating their trans identity and career paths in which the living conditions of other minoritized people are improved were perceived as attainable and desirable. The insights presented here show that even in countries that are considered “progressive” in terms of LGBTQ+ rights, the vocational identity of trans youth is nevertheless influenced by (and at times constrained by) their gender identity. The need for career counselors, educational institutions, and organizations to work on facilitating the future career development of trans individuals and their access to inclusive spaces is discussed.
Fabrication and application of porous materials made from coal gangue: A review
Authors: Li Xinyu , Shao Jiahuan , Zheng Jiaqi , Bai Chengying , Zhang Xiaohong , Qiao Yingjie , Colombo Paolo
Published: February 2023

Coal gangue (CG), which is mainly generated during coal excavation, mining, and coal washing, is an industrial solid waste that is recognized as an environmental pollutant. The ever‐increasing amount of CG produced is a serious threat to the ecological environment and property safety, especially in China, which is the largest coal producer and consumer in the world. Considerable studies have investigated means for utilizing CG worldwide. This review summarizes and discusses various porous inorganic materials made from CG, including cement‐based porous materials, porous bricks, porous ceramics (cordierite and mullite) and glasses, porous geopolymers, zeolites, aerogels, and porous carbon materials. Different preparation processes and performances of each type of porous inorganic materials were reviewed. Porous CG‐based materials can be used as promising adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants and have good potential for use in construction industry as well as catalyst material applications. Besides, porous materials obtained from CG have also been tested as slow‐release fertilizers after the absorption of phosphate, as electrode materials, and as oil‐in‐water separation agents. The systematic summary of porous materials based on CG aims at promoting high‐value‐added applications for this waste. Future research directions for the use of CG as a raw material are also presented.
SrTiO3‐modified Bi0.5Na0.47Li0.03Ti0.99Sn0.01O3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with high energy storage performance
Authors: Lu Ying , Li Peng , Du Juan , Hu Chengchao , Hao Jigong , Zhao Kunyu , Zeng Huarong , Li Wei
Published: February 2023

(1 − x)Bi0.5Na0.47Li0.03Ti0.99Sn0.01O3–xSrTiO3 (BNLST–xST) lead‐free ceramics were synthesized by traditional solid phase sintering. When x = 0.4, the ceramic achieves a high energy storage density Wrec of 3.78 J/cm3 as well as a superior efficiency η of 90.3% under 360 kV/cm. The charge–discharge curves related to temperature and cycle show that the 0.6BNLST–0.4ST sample has good temperature stability (20–180°C) and cycling reliability (variation of WD < 5%). Moreover, a fast discharge rate (t0.9 = 0.219 μs) and a large discharge energy density (WD = 1.89 J/cm3) are achieved at 220 kV/cm. The results show that BNLST–xST energy storage ceramics are promising materials for devices with pulsed power capacitor.
Multisensory and nutritional innovations: A narrative review of opportunities for food designers in supporting long SARS‐CoV‐2 patients
Authors: Newman Lisa , Crawford Brooke , Loke Grace , Low Julia Y. Q.
Published: February 2023

Olfactory dysfunction (impaired sense of smell) impacts flavour perception and subsequent appetite, potentially leading to malnutrition and affective changes. This tends to develop during the early stages of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and may progress into long‐term olfactory loss. Therefore, specialised food designs are needed to encourage a healthy, yet pleasurable eating experience for this population. This review aims to discuss food design strategies for satisfying the sensorial and nutritional needs that could be applicable to SARS‐CoV‐2 patients with mild olfactory dysfunction. Key literature on food design studies suitable for individuals suffering from olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was reviewed, including strategies for flavour enhancement, colour enhancement, texture enhancement including through trigeminal stimulation, fortification of macronutrients, micronutrients and fibre. Potential gaps and application of strategies to offer appealing and nutritious food designs to long SARS‐CoV‐2 patients to improve their quality of life were explored.
A novel process to high‐strength and controlled‐shrinkage Al2O3 foams with open‐cell by Al powder hollowing technology
Authors: Xia Zun , Yang Minghao , Rong Yedong , Zhang Youfei , Li Yongjiao , Wang Xiuhui , Yang Jinlong
Published: February 2023

Ceramic foams with open‐cell structures have attracted extensive attention due to their unique structure and superior properties. But these materials often exhibit the weakness of high sintered shrinkage and low strength at high porosity levels. In this work, novel ceramic foams with open‐cell structures have been obtained using Al powder by combining direct foaming and gelation freezing (DF–GF). The foams are assembled by hollow Al2O3 particles resulting from the Kirkendall effect, in which expanded particles overcome the shrinkage of sintering. The influence of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of foams are investigated. The Al2O3 foams show near‐zero‐shrinkage at 1773 K after undergoing the process of first expansion and then shrinkage. Compared to other conventional open‐cell foam, this foam displays relatively high compressive strength of 0.35–2.19 MPa at high porosity levels of 89.45%–94.45%, attributed to hierarchical pore structure and reaction bonding between Al and O2. This method from pore structure design provides a novel route for the preparation of controlled shrinkage and high‐compressive strength alumina foam with open‐cell toward potential application.
The construction of a theory‐based augmented reality‐featured context‐aware ubiquitous learning facilitation framework for oral communication development
Authors: Hsu Keng‐Chih , Liu Gi‐Zen
Published: February 2023

Background

Given the advancement of mobile and sensing technology, the incorporation of augmented reality (AR) in context‐aware ubiquitous learning (CAUL) has offered significant benefits to oral communication development in foreign language learning. Although a great number of studies have been dedicated in this field, only a little research was conducted to formulate a facilitation framework aligning with established learning theories or pedagogies.

Objectives

This review thereby examined the facilitation tenets conducive to the best practice of AR‐based CAUL projects for oral communication enhancement and further established a AR‐guided CAUL framework.

Methods

The researchers systematically reviewed 17 related empirical AR studies from Web of Science from 2000 to 2021 and synthesized the results with focused second language acquisition theories.

Results and Conclusions

Three practical tenets were identified, including facilitating learner‐centred pedagogies with personal and contextual learning supports, incorporating constructivist learning design, and encouraging collaborative learning and higher‐order cognitive skills. Furthermore, in accordance with the synthesized results, a facilitation framework combining situated learning, learning‐by‐doing, and social constructivist design was developed to engage students in a learning, applying, and reflecting process in formal and informal learning contexts.

Major Takeaways

For the best practice of oral communication through AR, this review study offers practical facilitation tenets and theoretical framework which are in alignment with research‐proven theories. It is expected that the framework could provide frontline educational practitioners with guidance to foster students' learning outcomes and interactions.
The application of artificial intelligence in the detection of basal cell carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Widaatalla Y. , Wolswijk T. , Adan F. , Hillen L. M. , Woodruff H. C. , Halilaj I. , Ibrahim A. , Lambin P. , Mosterd K.
Published: February 2023

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common types of cancer. The growing incidence worldwide and the need for fast, reliable and less invasive diagnostic techniques make a strong case for the application of different artificial intelligence techniques for detecting and classifying BCC and its subtypes. We report on the current evidence regarding the application of handcrafted and deep radiomics models used for the detection and classification of BCC in dermoscopy, optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy. We reviewed all the articles that were published in the last 10 years in PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE, and we found 15 articles that met the inclusion criteria. We included articles that are original, written in English, focussing on automated BCC detection in our target modalities and published within the last 10 years in the field of dermatology. The outcomes from the selected publications are presented in three categories depending on the imaging modality and to allow for comparison. The majority of articles (n = 12) presented different AI solutions for the detection and/or classification of BCC in dermoscopy images. The rest of the publications presented AI solutions in OCT images (n = 2) and RCM (n = 1). In addition, we provide future directions for the application of these techniques for the detection of BCC. In conclusion, the reviewed publications demonstrate the potential benefit of AI in the detection of BCC in dermoscopy, OCT and RCM.
Material flows and embodied energy of direct air capture: A cradle‐to‐gate inventory of selected technologies
Authors: Simon Balint
Published: February 2023

Direct air capture (DAC) is an essential nexus of CO2 chemistry and climate mitigation. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is often used to validate the environmental potential of emerging technologies. Consequently, an increased number of ex ante LCAs is expected in this field. However, a comprehensive description through parameterized modeling of life cycle inventories of distinct technological pathways, which is essential for transparency, has recently been missing from the international literature. To fill this gap, the present study analyzes three selected DAC technologies to create an inventory. Amine‐based adsorption and absorption, as well as alkali‐based absorption, were modeled.

The energy consumption of the operation, cradle‐to‐gate embodied energy, and sensitivity analysis based on parameter variations were carried out. The “cradle‐to‐gate” energy requirement of direct air capture (DAC) often lies in the range or above the formation energy of CO2 (8.94 GJ energy can be obtained by formation of 1 t CO2 from elementary C and O2). This indicates that theoretically more energy is required for capture, as can be obtained during the formation of CO2. Because energy has continuously growing economic and ecological value, this energy intensity of DAC implies that DAC might have important role in CCU to add directly measurable economic value. The parametrized model includes over 60 parameters, resulting in an array of possible energy and material requirements. The use of this wide range of figures in life cycle assessment (LCA) sheds light on real opportunities for DAC in future product systems. The option of varying parameters enables the tailoring of the calculation to a particular situation or design. In this way, the calculator offers a common base for LCA, fostering an early stage analysis of DAC technologies.
Validation and Predictive Utility of a Person‐Centered Quality of Contraceptive Counseling (QCC‐10) Scale in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Multicountry Study of Family Planning Clients and a New Indicator for Measuring High‐Quality, Rights‐Based Care
Authors: Karp Celia , OlaOlorun Funmilola M. , Guiella Georges , Gichangi Peter , Choi Yoonjoung , Anglewicz Philip , Holt Kelsey
Published: February 2023

The lack of validated, cross‐cultural measures for examining quality of contraceptive counseling compromises progress toward improved services. We tested the validity and reliability of the 10‐item Quality of Contraceptive Counseling scale (QCC‐10) and its association with continued protection from unintended pregnancy and person‐centered outcomes using longitudinal data from women aged 15–49 in Burkina Faso, Kenya, and Nigeria. Psychometric analysis showed moderate‐to‐strong reliability (alphas: 0.73–0.91) and high convergent validity with greatest service satisfaction. At follow‐up, QCC‐10 scores were not associated with continued pregnancy protection but were linked to contraceptive informational needs being met among Burkinabe and Kenyan women; the reverse was true in Kano. Higher QCC‐10 scores were also associated with care‐seeking among Kenyan women experiencing side effects. The QCC‐10 is a validated scale for assessing quality of contraceptive counseling across diverse contexts. Future work is needed to improve understanding of how the QCC‐10 relates to person‐centered measures of reproductive health.