bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐LME polymer nanocapsules stimulate naïve macrophages and protect them from oxidative damage during controlled drug release
Authors: Yamala Anil K. , Nadella Vinod , Mastai Yitzhak , Prakash Hridayesh , Paik Pradip
Published: August 2019

Using polymer‐based nanocapsules as novel drug delivery systems have gained significant importance. In this work, we present poly‐(N‐Acryloyl L‐Leucine methyl ester [pLME]) nanocapsules with hollow core (pLME) of size approximately ~160 nm (dia.) synthesized for the first time through the miniemulsion approach. Our study reveals that pLME are biocompatible and immune stimulatory in nature on macrophages, which are decisive for host immunity. These nanocapsules are effective for encapsulating and sustainable release of drug (SNP; nitric oxide donor) at a high extent ~1.04 μM mg‐. pLME also demonstrated their potential of stimulating naïve macrophages toward the M1 phenotype for extended period of time indicating their adjuvant activity on immune system. Our data also demonstrated their antioxidant potential toward H2O2‐induced oxidative stress in macrophages. These results suggest pLME as an effective drug/vaccine delivery material with immune adjuvant and cytoprotective efficacy warranting its pharmacological application. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48363.
Retracted: Alpinumisoflavone Exhibits Anticancer Activities in Glioblastoma Multiforme by Suppressing Glycolysis
Authors: Zhao Xingzhi , Zhang Ting , Jiang Kewei , Gao Heng
Published: August 2019

“Alpinumisoflavone exhibits anticancer activities in glioblastoma multiforme by suppressing glycolysis” by Xingzhi ZHAO, Ting ZHANG, Kewei JIANG, and Henggao GAO. The above article, published in The Anatomical Record on Early View on Wiley Online Library on 24/Aug/2019 (DOI: 10.1002/ar.24242) is retracted by agreement among the authors and the Editor‐in‐Chief, Dr. Kurt H. Albertine, with notification to the American Association for Anatomy and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The decision is the result of an investigation that revealed issues of scientific integrity in the data that compromise the findings of the paper
Context and Privacy Concerns in Friend Request Decisions
Authors: Li Yao , Kobsa Alfred
Published: August 2019

Friend request acceptance and information disclosure constitute 2 important privacy decisions for users to control the flow of their personal information in social network sites (SNSs). These decisions are greatly influenced by contextual characteristics of the request. However, the contextual influence may not be uniform among users with different levels of privacy concerns. In this study, we hypothesize that users with higher privacy concerns may consider contextual factors differently from those with lower privacy concerns. By conducting a scenario‐based survey study and structural equation modeling, we verify the interaction effects between privacy concerns and contextual factors. We additionally find that users' perceived risk towards the requester mediates the effect of context and privacy concerns. These results extend our understanding about the cognitive process behind privacy decision making in SNSs. The interaction effects suggest strategies for SNS providers to predict user's friend request acceptance and to customize context‐aware privacy decision support based on users' different privacy attitudes.
An All‐Inclusive and Straightway Laboratory Activity to Solve the Three‐Dimensional Crystal Structure of a Protein
Authors: Klinke Sebastián , Rinaldi Jimena , Goldbaum Fernando A. , Suarez Sebastián , Otero Lisandro H.
Published: August 2019

X‐ray crystallography provides structural information of molecules at the atomic level, being a central technique at the forefront of science and technology. However, crystallography teaching is not usually implemented in biochemistry lab classes due to its complex execution by nonexpert users. Here, we report the basic step‐by‐step workflow performed by crystallographers in order to solve the three‐dimensional structure of a protein. All these activities were executed in a course for Latin‐American graduate students with no previous knowledge on X‐ray crystallography entitled “Crystallography in Structural Biology: why do we need a protein crystal, and how do we get it?.” We would like to share our experience with the educational research community, with the main purpose being to enrich teaching in biochemistry and structural molecular biology by performing a series of interesting laboratory and computer experiments. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(6):700–707, 2019.
Determination of phenamacril residues in flour and rice based on Z‐Sep+ using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun MingNa , Yu Lu , Tong Zhou , Dong Xu , Chu Yue , Wang Mei , Gao TongChun , Duan JinSheng
Published: August 2019

Phenamacril is a new broad‐spectrum fungicide that is commonly used for the control of fungal diseases in wheat and rice. In this study, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to establish a method for analyzing the residual phenamacril in flour and rice based on the improved QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method using Z‐Sep+ as the adsorbent in the pre‐treatment process. The average recovery of phenamacril in flour and rice was 82.2–96.0%, the relative standard deviation was 2.1–5.6% and the limit of quantification was 0.5 μg/kg. The accuracy and sensitivity of this method meet the requirements for residue analysis. The method was applied to commercially available flour and rice samples, and the detected concentrations of phenamacril were 0.005–0.033 mg/kg. This method provides technical support for the safety evaluation of phenamacril.
Differences in perceptual masking between humans and rats
Authors: Dell Katrina L. , Arabzadeh Ehsan , Price Nicholas S. C.
Published: August 2019

Introduction

The perception of a target stimulus can be impaired by a subsequent mask stimulus, even if they do not overlap temporally or spatially. This “backward masking” is commonly used to modulate a subject's awareness of a target and to characterize the temporal dynamics of vision. Masking is most apparent with brief, low‐contrast targets, making detection difficult even in the absence of a mask. Although necessary to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms, evaluating masking phenomena in animal models is particularly challenging, as the task structure and critical stimulus features to be attended must be learned incrementally through rewards and feedback. Despite the increasing popularity of rodents in vision research, it is unclear if they are susceptible to masking illusions.

Methods

We characterized how spatially surrounding masks affected the detection of sine‐wave grating targets.

Results

In humans (n = 5) and rats (n = 7), target detection improved with contrast and was reduced by the presence of a mask. After controlling for biases to respond induced by the presence of the mask, a clear reduction in detectability was caused by masks. This reduction was evident when data were averaged across all animals, but was only individually significant in three animals.

Conclusions

While perceptual masking occurs in rats, it may be difficult to observe consistently in individual animals because the complexity of the requisite task pushes the limits of their behavioral capabilities. We suggest methods to ensure that masking, and similarly subtle effects, can be reliably characterized in future experiments.
The rotational position of the aortic root related to its underlying ventricular support
Authors: Amofa Dorothy , Mori Shumpei , Toh Hiroyuki , Ta Hieu T. , Du Plessis Maira , Davis Nelson , Izawa Yu , Spicer Diane E. , Anderson Robert H. , Tretter Justin T.
Published: August 2019

We aimed to assess the relationship of the rotational position of the aortic root to its underlying ventricular support, and to the position of the inferior margin of the membranous septum, which serves as a surrogate of the atrioventricular conduction axis. We analyzed 40 normal heart specimens (19 children, 21 adults). The inferior margin of the membranous septum was measured relative to the virtual basal ring. The rotational position of the aortic root was determined by assessing the relationship of the aortic leaflet of the mitral valve to the interleaflet triangle between the non‐ and left coronary leaflets. The extent of supporting fibrous versus myocardial tissues was measured. We also performed a similar investigation of 30 adult computed tomographic data sets. The median age was 0.25 years (44% male) for children, and 64 years (33% male) for adults. The aortic root was positioned centrally in 22 specimens (55%), rotated counterclockwise in 6 (15%), and clockwise in 12 (30%). In the setting of counterclockwise rotation, 53.4% (median) of the supporting circumference was myocardial, as opposed to 41.4% (median) in those with centrally positioned roots, and 31.9% (median) in those with clockwise rotation (P < 0.0001). The position of the inferior margin of the membranous septum was not associated with the rotational position. Analysis of the 30 adult computed tomographic data sets (median age 66.5 years, 57% male) confirmed the positive relationship between clockwise rotation of the aortic root and an increase in the extent of fibrous as opposed to myocardial support. The rotational position of the aortic root correlates with variation in the extent of its fibrous as opposed to myocardial ventricular support, but not with the position of the inferior margin of the membranous septum relative to the virtual basal ring. Clin. Anat. 32:1107–1117, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decompression of the thoracic duct: A novel transcatheter approach
Authors: Smith Christopher L. , Hoffman Timothy M. , Dori Yoav , Rome Jonathan J.
Published: August 2019

In patients with total cavopulmonary connections, elevated central venous pressures (CVP) have detrimental effects on the lymphatic system causing an imbalance in fluid production and drainage of the interstitium. This combination may result in life‐threatening lymphatic complications including plastic bronchitis (PB), protein losing enteropathy (PLE), chylothorax, and ascites. While embolization of the abnormal lymphatics has greatly improved outcomes from these complications, alternative treatment strategies have been proposed that would result in improved lymphatic drainage while leaving the lymphatic system intact. We report two novel transcatheter approaches for thoracic duct (TD) decompression in two patients who developed PLE after completion of the Fontan procedure as part of staged palliation for congenital heart disease. In addition, one patient had severe concurrent PB. In both patients, a connection was created between a left superior vena cava (LSVC) to the left atrium allowing for a nonsurgical method to decompress the TD. This procedure resulted in significant clinical and laboratory improvement of both patients' PLE and other symptoms of lymphatic dysfunction.
Photocatalytic degradation of dimethyl sulphoxide by CdS/TiO2 core/shell catalyst: A novel measurement method
Authors: Alizadeh Sajad , Fallah Narges , Nikazar Manouchehr
Published: August 2019

In the present research, the photocatalytic degradation of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) by means of CdS/TiO2 core/shell nanocomposite was investigated and modelled for the direct measurement of degradation rate. Instead of common measurement methods, liquid freezing point measurement was used in order to determine the rate of DMSO decomposition. To model the photocatalytic behaviour, two empirical‐statistical equations based on photocatalytic retention time, amount of catalyst and pollutant were introduced. The effect of parameters such as retention time, amount of catalyst and pollutant were studied by statistical methods. The design of experiments, acquisition and optimization of statistical models was performed by response surface methodology (RSM) through central composite design (CCD). The rates of disappearance fitted the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood kinetics model and the parameter k was determined to be up to 0.0105 per minute for a low concentration and 0.0073 per minute for a high concentration of DMSO. In addition, more than 85% degradation of 1% DMSO was attained by 8% catalyst in 150 minutes. Finally, the accuracy and consistency of the statistical models was verified by the HPLC method and ~ ± 2.7% difference was observed. The other results indicate that the CdS/TiO2 nano photocatalyst can efficiently remove dimethyl sulphoxide from wastewater under visible light irradiation.
A New Lead Identification Strategy: Screening an sp3‐rich and Lead‐like Compound Library Composed of 7‐Azanorbornane Derivatives
Authors: Karaki Fumika , Umemoto Sho , Ashizawa Karin , Oki Tomoya , Sato Noriko , Ogino Takumi , Ishibashi Naoto , Someya Ryoto , Miyano Kanako , Hirayama Shigeto , Uezono Yasuhito , Fujii Hideaki
Published: August 2019

Although the advantages of sp3‐rich, sterically complicated molecules in drug development have been pointed out, modern screening libraries are filled with planar, sp2‐rich components. Compounds that are sp3‐rich are difficult to synthesize, and thus we aimed to invent an efficient method to construct sp3‐rich libraries. By modifying sp3‐rich 7‐azanorbornane scaffolds through click chemistry, we efficiently prepared a small set of compounds. These compounds were not only sp3‐rich, but also had sufficient “lead‐like” properties in view of molecular weights and hydrophobicity. Screening assays of this library provided weak κ opioid receptor agonists and growth hormone secretagogue receptor agonists with high hit rates. These results indicate that the 7‐azanorbornane scaffold may be a “privileged structure” for lead identification in drug discovery.
Tuning the Properties of Tetracene‐Based Nanoribbons by Fluorination and N‐Doping
Authors: Younis Umer , Muhammad Imran , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Sun Qiang
Published: August 2019

The structural stabilities and electronic properties are studied for the recently synthesized one‐dimensional (1‐D) tetracene‐based nanoribbons with four‐membered rings by using first‐principles calculation. All three configurations (named as straight, zigzag, and armchair) are stable and exhibit an indirect band gap of 1.46, 0.73, and 0.32 eV, respectively. The band gaps can be effectively tuned by substituting hydrogen with fluorine atoms and by doping with nitrogen atoms. Substituting hydrogen with fluorine atoms leads to gradual decrease of the electronic band gaps of all configurations. Nitrogen doping changes the band gap from indirect to direct, displaying flexibility of tuning the band structure.
Porous Ultrathin NiSe Nanosheet Networks on Nickel Foam for High‐Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Dengfeng , Li Zhuo , Zhao Gongyuan , Zhang Hong , Aslan Hüsnü , Li Jiwei , Sun Feifei , Zhu Lin , Du Baosheng , Yang Bin , Cao Wenwu , Sun Ye , Besenbacher Flemming , Yu Miao
Published: August 2019

Transition metal selenides (TMSs) with excellent electrochemical activity and high intrinsic electrical conductivity have attracted considerable attention owing to their potential use in energy storage devices. However, the low energy densities of the reported TMSs, which originate from the small active surface area and poor electrolyte ion mobility, substantially restrict their application potential. In this work, porous ultrathin nickel selenide nanosheet networks (NiSe NNs) on nickel foam are fabricated by using a novel, facile method, that is, selenylation/pickling of the pre‐formed manganese‐doped α‐Ni(OH)2. Removal of Mn resulted in NNs with a highly porous structure. The 3D framework of the NNs and the inherent nature of the NiSe affords high ion mobility, abundant accessible activated sites, vigorous electrochemical activity, and low resistance. One of the highest specific capacities of TMSs ever reported, that is, 443 mA h g−1 (807 μAh cm−2) at 3.0 A g−1, is achieved with the NNs as electrodes. The assembled NiSe NNs//porous carbon hybrid supercapacitor delivers a high energy density of 66.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 425 W kg−1, with excellent cycling stability. This work provides a new strategy for the production of novel electrode materials that can be applied in high‐performance hybrid supercapacitors, and a fresh pathway towards commercial applications of hybrid supercapacitors based on TMS electrodes.
Primary pancreatic diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound guided FNAC: A rare entity
Authors: Ravi Soundarya , Stephen S. Norton , Gochhait Debasis , Potakkat Biju , Niranjani R. , Siddaraju Neelaiah
Published: August 2019

Primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) is an uncommon neoplasm which can clinico‐radiologically mimic carcinoma. But the management of these patients differs from that of a carcinoma. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) serves as a potential tool to identify pancreatic lymphomas and thus prevent an invasive diagnostic test. This case report describes the presentation and diagnosis of primary pancreatic lymphoma. A 37‐year‐old female presented with nausea, vomiting with signs of icterus and elevated liver function test and Bilirubin. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a hypodense lesion in the head of the pancreas. EUS guided FNA was performed and cytological material was collected. The lesion was diagnosed as Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and subtyped as diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma‐germinal centre (DLBCL‐GCB) base on immunohistochemistry on cell block. The patient was started on rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (RCHOP) regimen. EUS guided FNA along with ROSE, cell bock, and immunocytochemistry helps in the diagnosis of primary pancreatic lymphoma.
Cytologic and clinical features of NIFTP: Can we diagnose based on preoperative fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Yan Lei , Sethi Shenon , Park Ji‐Weon
Published: August 2019

Background

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) is considered an indolent neoplasm of the thyroid. Currently, this entity presents a diagnostic challenge on preoperative fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology.

Methods

Cases of NIFTP and noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from January 1994 to August 2018 were retrieved from our institution's pathology databases, and their clinical and cytopathologic features were reviewed.

Results

A total of 45 patients with NIFTP were identified. Thirty‐nine of 45 patients had presurgical thyroid FNAs, 27 of which showed abnormal cytology (27/39). NIFTPs were most often classified in the indeterminate diagnostic categories on presurgical FNAs (78%), including suspicious for follicular neoplasm (8/27), atypia of undetermined significance (8/27) and suspicious for malignancy (5/27). Six patients had a cytologic diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (6/27) on thyroid FNAs. Fourteen out of 27 cases with abnormal FNAs had in‐house cytology available for review. The most frequent cytologic features observed in NIFTPs included architectural abnormalities, such as crowded clusters (13/14), nuclear overlapping (13/14), predominance or presence of individual microfollicles (11/14), and abundant to scattered isolated cells (10/14). The papillary‐like nuclear features observed included nuclear enlargement (14/14), eccentric nucleoli (13/14), nuclear membrane irregularity (12/14), pale chromatin (12/14), nuclear grooves (10/14), and elongated nuclear contour (8/14).

Conclusions

The NIFTPs were most frequently categorized as atypia of undetermined significance and suspicious for follicular neoplasm on cytology. Recognition of the architectural and nuclear features of NIFTP can be helpful in distinguishing NIFTPs from other entities, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular neoplasms.
Influence of climate change and postdelisting management on long‐term population viability of the conservation‐reliant Kirtland's Warbler
Authors: Brown Donald J. , Donner Deahn M. , Ribic Christine A. , Bocetti Carol I.
Published: August 2019

Rapid global climate change is resulting in novel abiotic and biotic conditions and interactions. Identifying management strategies that maximize probability of long‐term persistence requires an understanding of the vulnerability of species to environmental changes. We sought to quantify the vulnerability of Kirtland's Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii), a rare Neotropical migratory songbird that breeds almost exclusively in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and winters in the Bahamian Archipelago, to projected environmental changes on the breeding and wintering grounds. We developed a population‐level simulation model that incorporates the influence of annual environmental conditions on the breeding and wintering grounds, and parameterized the model using empirical relationships. We simulated independent and additive effects of reduced breeding grounds habitat quantity and quality, and wintering grounds habitat quality, on population viability. Our results indicated the Kirtland's Warbler population is stable under current environmental and management conditions. Reduced breeding grounds habitat quantity resulted in reductions of the stable population size, but did not cause extinction under the scenarios we examined. In contrast, projected large reductions in wintering grounds precipitation caused the population to decline, with risk of extinction magnified when breeding habitat quantity or quality also decreased. Our study indicates that probability of long‐term persistence for Kirtland's Warbler will depend on climate change impacts to wintering grounds habitat quality and contributes to the growing literature documenting the importance of considering the full annual cycle for understanding population dynamics of migratory species.
Textile‐Based Thermoelectric Generators and Their Applications
Authors: Wang Liming , Zhang Kun
Published: August 2019

With the rapid development of Internet of Things and miniaturized electronics, the demand for wearable power sources with high reliability and long duty cycle promotes the exploration of wearable thermoelectric generators (TEGs). In particular, textile‐based TEGs that can perpetually convert the ubiquitous temperature gradient between human body and ambience into electrical energy have attracted intensive attention to date. These lightweight and three‐dimensional deformable TEGs comprised of fibers, filaments, yarns, or fabrics offer unique merits as wearable power source in comparison with conventional TEGs. In this review, we systematically summarize the state‐of‐the‐art strategies for textile‐based TEGs, including the structure design, fabrication, device performance, and application. Existing critical issues and future research emphasis are also discussed.
Synthesis and Reactivity of α‐Haloglycine Esters: Hyperconjugation in Action
Authors: Samanta Shyam S. , Roche Stéphane P.
Published: August 2019

A general and efficient synthesis of α‐haloglycine esters from commercially available feedstock chemicals, in a single step, is reported. The reactivity of these α‐haloglycine esters with various nucleophiles was studied as surrogates of α‐iminoesters upon activation with hydrogen‐bond donor catalysts. DFT calculations on the α‐haloglycine structures (X = F, Cl, Br) accompanied by an X‐ray characterization of the α‐bromoglycine ester support the existence of a “generalized” anomeric effect created by hyperconjugation. This peculiar hyperconjugative effect is proposed to be responsible for the enhanced halogen nucleofugality leading to a facile halogen abstraction by hydrogen‐bond donor catalysts. This reactivity was exploited with thiourea catalysts on several catalytic transformations (aza‐Friedel–Crafts and Mannich reactions) for the synthesis of several types of non‐proteinogenic α‐amino esters.
Preserved network functional connectivity underlies cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fuchs Tom A. , Benedict Ralph H. B. , Bartnik Alexander , Choudhery Sanjeevani , Li Xian , Mallory Matthew , Oship Devon , Yasin Faizan , Ashton Kira , Jakimovski Dejan , Bergsland Niels , Ramasamy Deepa P. , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Zivadinov Robert , Dwyer Michael G.
Published: August 2019

Cognitive reserve is one's mental resilience or resistance to the effects of structural brain damage. Reserve effects are well established in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and Alzheimer's disease, but the neural basis of this phenomenon is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether preservation of functional connectivity explains cognitive reserve. Seventy‐four PwMS and 29 HCs underwent neuropsychological assessment and 3 T MRI. Structural damage measures included gray matter (GM) atrophy and network white matter (WM) tract disruption between pairs of GM regions. Resting‐state functional connectivity was also assessed. PwMS exhibited significantly impaired cognitive processing speed (t = 2.14, p = .037) and visual/spatial memory (t = 2.72, p = .008), and had significantly greater variance in functional connectivity relative to HCs within relevant networks (p < .001, p < .001, p = .016). Higher premorbid verbal intelligence, a proxy for cognitive reserve, predicted relative preservation of functional connectivity despite accumulation of GM atrophy (standardized‐β = .301, p = .021). Furthermore, preservation of functional connectivity attenuated the impact of structural network WM tract disruption on cognition (β = −.513, p = .001, for cognitive processing speed; β = −.209, p = .066, for visual/spatial memory). The data suggests that preserved functional connectivity explains cognitive reserve in PwMS, helping to maintain cognitive capacity despite structural damage.
Affective iconic words benefit from additional sound–meaning integration in the left amygdala
Authors: Aryani Arash , Hsu Chun‐Ting , Jacobs Arthur M.
Published: August 2019

Recent studies have shown that a similarity between sound and meaning of a word (i.e., iconicity) can help more readily access the meaning of that word, but the neural mechanisms underlying this beneficial role of iconicity in semantic processing remain largely unknown. In an fMRI study, we focused on the affective domain and examined whether affective iconic words (e.g., high arousal in both sound and meaning) activate additional brain regions that integrate emotional information from different domains (i.e., sound and meaning). In line with our hypothesis, affective iconic words, compared to their non‐iconic counterparts, elicited additional BOLD responses in the left amygdala known for its role in multimodal representation of emotions. Functional connectivity analyses revealed that the observed amygdalar activity was modulated by an interaction of iconic condition and activations in two hubs representative for processing sound (left superior temporal gyrus) and meaning (left inferior frontal gyrus) of words. These results provide a neural explanation for the facilitative role of iconicity in language processing and indicate that language users are sensitive to the interaction between sound and meaning aspect of words, suggesting the existence of iconicity as a general property of human language.
Ameloblastic carcinoma: Clinicopathological analysis of 18 cases and a systematic review
Authors: Deng Ling , Wang Rui , Yang Mingzhong , Li Wei , Zou Ling
Published: August 2019

Objectives

Exploring the clinicopathological features of ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) and reviewing the literature to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Materials and Methods

Clinical data and pathological features of 18 cases of AC were retrospectively analyzed. A systematic review was carried out by searching PubMed and Medline databases using the MeSH terms “ameloblastic” and “carcinoma.”

Results

In the systematic analysis, 125 cases of AC from 81 eligible original studies and 18 cases of AC from this research were included. The male‐to‐female ratio was 2.58:1, and the mandible‐to‐maxilla ratio was 1.80:1. Mean age of patients was 45.3 years. Thirty‐seven cases of recurrence and 27 cases of metastasis were recorded.

Conclusion

AC is a rare neoplasm of the odontogenic epithelium. A systematic review indicates that diagnoses at the early phase and a close periodic assessment for recurrence and metastasis are necessary.
Activation of GPR81 by lactate inhibits oscillatory shear stress‐induced endothelial inflammation by activating the expression of KLF2
Authors: Sun Zirui , Han Yu , Song Shubo , Chen Tongfeng , Han Yan , Liu Yuhao
Published: August 2019

Atherosclerosis is a common and deadly cardiovascular disease with extremely high prevalence. Areas of the vasculature exposed to oscillatory shear stress (OSS) or disturbed blood flow are particularly prone to the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In part, various mechanosensitive receptors on the surface of endothelial cells play a role in regulating the ability of the vasculature to cope with variations in blood flow patterns. However, the exact mechanisms behind flow‐mediated endothelial responses remain poorly understood. Along with the development of highly specific receptor agonists, the class of G coupled‐protein receptors has been receiving increasing attention as potential therapeutic targets. G coupled‐protein receptor 81 (GPR81), also known as hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), is activated by lactate, its endogenous ligand. In the present study, we show for the first time that expression of GPR81 is significantly downregulated in response to OSS in endothelial cells and that activation of GPR81 using physiologically relevant doses of lactate can rescue OSS‐induced reduced GPR81 expression. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that activation of GPR81 can exert valuable atheroprotective effects in endothelial cells exposed to OSS by reducing oxidative stress and significantly downregulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1, and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). We also show that activation of GPR81 can potentially prevent the attachment of monocytes to the endothelium by suppressing OSS‐induced secretion of vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM)‐1 and endothelial‐selectin (E‐selectin). Finally, we show that activation of GPR81 can rescue OSS‐induced reduced expression of the key atheroprotective transcription factor Kruppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2), which is mediated through the extracellular‐regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) pathway. These findings demonstrate a potential protective role of GPR81 against atherogenesis and that targeted activation of GPR81 may inhibit endothelial inflammation and dysfunction induced by OSS.
Limitations of Global Hybrids in Predicting the Geometries and Torsional Energy Barriers of Dimeric Systems and the Role of Hartree Fock and DFT Exchange
Authors: Vikramaditya Talapunur , Lin Shiang‐Tai
Published: August 2019

Prediction of accurate geometries is a prerequisite for accurate prediction of molecular properties. Impact of Hartree Fock (HF) exchange (a0) on geometry in the framework of DFT is investigated by monitoring dihedral angles, bond length alternations, and torsional energy barriers of 10 dimeric systems against CCSD (ADZ/ATZ) benchmarks. A strong correlation is observed between the fraction of HF exchange, equilibrium dihedral angles, and the potential energy barriers in global hybrids. Full HF exchange is critical to accurately predict the nonplanarity. Lower fractions of (a0)/larger DFT exchange (1‐a0) results in overestimation of torsional energy barriers at 900 and underestimation at 00. Large contributions of (1‐a0) in global hybrid functionals tend to overestimate torsional energy barriers (900) and are biased toward planar geometries. However, inclusion of larger fractions of (a0)/lower (1‐a0) also overestimate the torsional energy barriers in syn‐conformations due to the localization errors associated with HF exchange in global hybrids. Hence, irrespective of the fraction of HF/DFT exchange incorporated, global hybrids fail to accurately predict torsional energy barriers at 00 and 900 simultaneously. Long‐range corrected (LC) functionals, which employ full HF exchange at longer regions, outperform global hybrid functionals in predicting geometries and torsional energy barriers of the dimeric molecules. The distance dependence of (a0) thus provides a balanced fraction of HF exchange as the dihedral torsion varies. Impact of range separation parameter on geometries is marginal in altering the planarity/nonplanarity. However, range separation parameter within 0.20–0.40 bohr−1 predicts more reliable torsional energies and geometries. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discrepancy in Doppler waveforms between two umbilical arteries in fetuses with absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow: A prospective observational study
Authors: Park Jeong W. , Lee Seung M. , Kang Hye‐S. , Shim Soon‐S. , Jun Jong K.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

To asses the occurrence of discrepancies between the Doppler waveforms of the left and right umbilical arteries in their paravesical part in fetuses with absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow in the free‐floating umbilical cord.

Methods

This prospective observational study included pregnant women with fetal growth restriction or twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome. Umbilical arterial Doppler waveforms were obtained from both umbilical arteries in their intra‐abdominal paravesical part. Doppler findings were recorded as present end‐diastolic flow (PEDF)/absent end‐diastolic flow (AEDF); AEDF/AEDF; AEDF/reversed end‐diastolic flow (REDF); or REDF/REDF pattern.

Results

There were 49 fetuses with AEDF or REDF at the free‐floating umbilical cord. Of these, 20 (40.8%) had a discrepancy in Doppler waveforms between the two umbilical arteries, with 14 (28.6%) showing PEDF/AEDF, 17 (34.7%) AEDF/AEDF, 6 (12.2%) AEDF/REDF, and 12 (24.5%) REDF/REDF pattern.

Conclusion

Doppler waveforms showed discrepancies between the two umbilical arteries in 40.8% of pregnant women with AEDF or REDF in the free‐floating umbilical cord. The presence of end‐diastolic flow in one umbilical artery cannot exclude the possibility of AEDF in the other.
Circuits through prescribed edges
Authors: Knappe Paul , Pitz Max
Published: August 2019

We prove that a connected graph contains a circuit—a closed walk that repeats no edges—through any prescribed edges if and only if contains no odd cut of size at most .
Skeletal Muscle Mass Index Predicts Postoperative Complications in Intestinal Surgery for Crohn's Disease
Authors: Galata Christian , Hodapp Janina , Weiß Christel , Karampinis Ioannis , Vassilev Georgi , Reißfelder Christoph , Otto Mirko
Published: August 2019

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) for major postoperative morbidity in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and intestinal surgery at a tertiary referral center.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the prospectively maintained database for surgical patients with CD at our institution was performed. The cases of all patients operated on between December 2009 and December 2017 with sectional imaging prior to surgery were eligible for this study.

Results

A total of 230 patients were included. Major postoperative complications were observed in 32 patients (13.9%). Common intestinal procedures were ileocecal resections (51.7%), segmental small‐bowel resections (10%), and colectomy or proctocolectomy (8.3%). In multivariable analysis, SMI (P = .002; odds ratio = 0.914) was the only independent risk factor for major postoperative complications. Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were suitable to determine SMI. The cutoff values for SMI were 31.8 cm2/m2 for females and 41.5 cm2/m2 for males.

Conclusion

We present the largest published cohort investigating SMI with regard to major postoperative morbidity in surgery for CD. In multivariable analysis, SMI was the only significant risk factor for Clavien‐Dindo complications grade ≥III. Lumbar SMI was reliably determined by CT and MRI alike. Because preoperative abdominal imaging with either modality is common for patients with CD, SMI could be a reliable and largely available tool to stratify the risk of postoperative complications.
Combined chromatographic strategy based on macroporous resin, high‐speed counter‐current chromatography and preparative HPLC for systematic separation of seven antioxidants from the fruit of Terminalia billerica
Authors: Yang Xue , Shen Cheng , Li Hongmei , Wang Nana , Ma Jialin , Wang Shuo , Zhao Jingyang , Chen Jilin , Yang Li , Chen Tao , Li Yulin
Published: August 2019

In the present study, combined chromatographic strategy based on macroporous resin, high‐speed counter‐current chromatography and preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography for systematic separation of antioxidants from crude samples guided by high‐performance liquid chromatography with 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl has been successfully established. Based on this strategy, seven antioxidants including isorugosin A, β‐1,2,3,6‐tetragalloyl‐D‐glucose, chebulinic acid, 1,2,3,4,6‐penta‐O‐galloyl‐β‐D‐glucose, chebulagic acid, ethyl gallate, and gallic acid were obtained from the fruit of Terminalia billerica. First, high‐performance liquid chromatography with 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl experiment showed the presence of seven main antioxidants in the crude extract of the fruit of Terminalia billerica. Then, a macroporous resin column chromatography method was developed for the enrichment of these seven antioxidants. Finally, an efficient method based on high‐speed counter‐current chromatography and preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed for the separation of these antioxidants. In the selection of solvent systems, it was found that acetic acid could be a good regulator for modifying the partition coefficient values of tannins. The present study provides a reference for systematic separation of antioxidants from crude samples. Considering the general existence of antioxidants in crude samples, this combined chromatographic strategy might lead to broader application prospects.
Hot tops, cold bottoms: Synergistic climate warming and shielding effects increase carbon burial in lakes
Authors: Bartosiewicz Maciej , Przytulska Anna , Lapierre Jean‐François , Laurion Isabelle , Lehmann Moritz F. , Maranger Roxane
Published: August 2019

In this article, we challenge the notion that global warming stimulates organic matter mineralization and increases greenhouse gas emissions in lakes via direct temperature effects. We show that the interactive effects of warming and transparency loss due to eutrophication or browning overrides atmospheric warming alone. Thermal shielding enables a longer and more stable stratification that results in bottom‐water cooling, prolonged anoxia, and enhanced carbon preservation in a large proportion of global lakes. These effects are strongest in shallow lakes where an additional burial of 4.5 Tg C yr−1 increases current global estimates by 9%. Despite more burial, the net global warming potential of lakes will increase via enhanced methane production, related to prolonged periods of anoxia, rather than warming. Our understanding of how whole‐lake carbon cycling responds to climate change needs revision, as the synergistic influence of warming and transparency loss has much broader ecosystem level functional consequences.
Malvidin 3‐Glucoside Modulated Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Global Metabolome Disrupted in a Murine Colitis Model Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium
Authors: Liu Fang , Wang Thomas T. Y. , Tang Qingjuan , Xue Changhu , Li Robert W. , Wu Vivian C. H.
Published: August 2019

Scope

This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of the anthocyanin malvidin 3‐glucoside (MV) in alleviating gut dysbiosis using a murine colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).

Methods and results

The effect of MV on the structure and function of the colon microbiome and microbial metabolism is evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, global metabolomics, and a network algorithm based on the random‐matrix theory. MV ingestion improved histopathological scores and increased IL10 expression in the colon mucosa of colitis mice. While DSS has a profound effect on the gut microbiome and significantly decreases both microbial richness and evenness, MV further reduces evenness but promotes microbial interactions and restores the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio repressed by DSS. Moreover, MV reduces the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, such as Ruminococcus gnavus, in colitis mice and has a strong modulatory effect on microbial co‐occurrence patterns and gut metabolites. In addition, MV reverses several key inflammatory mediators, including sphingolipid metabolites, from elevated levels in DSS colitis mice. As a bioactive ingredient, MV exerts its effect on the gut microbiome in a mechanism that differs from the whole blueberry.

Conclusion

MV ingestion ameliorates intestinal inflammation by modulating colon epithelium integrity, gut microbiome, and key inflammatory mediators.
Punicalagin, a Pomegranate‐Derived Ellagitannin, Suppresses Obesity and Obesity‐Induced Inflammatory Responses Via the Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Kang Bobin , Kim Chae Young , Hwang Jisu , Jo Kyungae , Kim Singeun , Suh Hyung Joo , Choi Hyeon‐Son
Published: August 2019

Scope

Punicalagin (PCG) is one of the most abundant phytochemicals found in pomegranates. The effects and mechanistic action of PCG on obesity and obesity‐induced inflammatory and oxidant responses are investigated in vitro and in vivo.

Methods and results

The effect of PCG on adipogenesis is examined using Oil red O staining. The effects and mechanism of action of PCG on inflammatory responses are determined in adipocyte‐conditioned medium (ACM)‐cultured macrophages, a cell‐to‐cell contact system, and a transwell system. The effects of PCG on obesity and obesity‐induced inflammatory/oxidant responses are examined in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. PCG effectively suppresses lipid accumulation in adipocytes and adipocyte‐induced inflammatory responses in adipocyte‐macrophage co‐culture systems. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection indicates that the PCG‐mediated anti‐inflammatory effect is exerted via the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2/Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1(Nrf2/Keap1) pathway. PCG administration results in a significant reduction in body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weights. PCG favorably regulates pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, downregulating nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis demonstrates that PCG differentially modulates the distribution of complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit (CD11c) and cluster of differentiation 206 (CD206). PCG regulates the level of antioxidant and oxidant molecules by activating Nrf2/Keap1 signaling.

Conclusions

PCG ameliorates obesity and obesity‐induced inflammatory responses via activation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling, suggesting that PCG has potential as an oral agent to control obesity‐mediated diseases.
Metamaterial loaded aperture coupled biodegradable star‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna for WLAN and broadband applications
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Kapoor Pragati , Kumar Pramod , Kumar Jitendra , Kumar Amitesh
Published: August 2019

The design and development technique for the enhancement of bandwidth and gain using biodegradable star‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna (SDRA) electrified by two cross‐coupled apertures for broadband applications is presented in this article. The SDRA is fabricated using biodegradable PLA, which is a special type of polymer and made from renewable resources instead of nonrenewable petroleum‐based resources using additive manufacturing technique. Broad bandwidth of 37% is achieved by modifying rectangular dielectric resonator antenna with feeding it by two apertures (slots) of unequal length to excite different modes. The combination of the circular‐shaped split‐ring resonator has been used as a metamaterial for gain enhancement, which enhanced the maximum gain of the antenna by ∼5.4 dB (82.7%). The computed average efficiency within the operating band is ∼80.51%. The proposed antenna is circularly polarized at 5.8 GHz. The proposed antenna fulfills the bandwidth requirements for the IEEE 802.11a WLAN standards (5.15‐5.35 and 5.725‐5.825 GHz), and it is also suitable for various other applications such as satellite navigation systems, aeronautical and meteorological radio navigation services in C‐band.
A low complexity spectrum shaping scheme for substrate integrated waveguides based on spread reshaping code
Authors: Zhao Yu , Grünheid Rainer , Bauch Gerhard
Published: August 2019

In the microwave and millimeter‐wave transmission regions, substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) is a very promising candidate for the development of circuits and components. The channel of the SIW is a bandpass or high pass filter. This characteristic impedes the conventional baseband transmission using nonreturn‐to‐zero pulse shaping scheme. As an alternative to using mixers to facilitate a passband transmission, this paper proposes a spectrum shaping scheme of low complexity for the channel of SIW, namely spread reshaping code. It aims at matching the spectrum of the transmit signal to the channel frequency response. It facilitates the transmission through the SIW channel while it avoids using carrier modulation and equalization. Simulations reveal a good performance of this scheme, such that, as a result, eye opening is achieved without any equalization or modulation for the respective transmission channels.
A robust segmentation method with triple‐factor non‐negative matrix factorization for myocardial blood flow quantification from dynamic 82Rb positron emission tomography
Authors: Liu Hui , Wu Jing , Sun Jing‐Yi , Wu Tung‐Hsin , Fazzone‐Chettiar Ramesh , Thorn Stephanie , Sinusas Albert J. , Liu Yi‐Hwa
Published: August 2019

Purpose

In this work, we proposed a triple‐factor non‐negative matrix factorization (TNMF) method to semiautomatically segment the regions of interest (ROIs) of the left ventricular (LV) cavity and myocardium to improve the reproducibility of myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantification from dynamic 82Rb positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods

The proposed TNMF method was evaluated using NCAT phantom simulation with three noise levels. The segmented ROIs, time–activity curves (TACs), and K1 derived from the TNMF method were compared with the ground truth simulated. The TNMF method was further evaluated in two patients each undergone both rest and stress 82Rb PET studies. The TNMF and manual segmentations were implemented by two different observers, and the interoperator variations of MBF and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) were compared between the two methods.

Results

Our simulation results showed that the TNMF method for dynamic PET image segmentation was robust as evidenced by the high Dice similarity coefficient, regardless of high or low count level. The relative bias in K1 estimation was less than 1%. Our patient results also showed that reasonable ROIs for the LV cavity and myocardium could be obtained precisely for patients with and without myocardial perfusion defects. The TACs derived from the TNMF method were highly correlated with those obtained with the manual method (R2 ≥ 0.964). The interoperator variations of MBF and MFR were markedly reduced using the TNMF method.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the TNMF method is highly feasible for semiautomatic segmentation of the LV cavity and myocardium, with the potential to improve the precision of MBF quantification by improving segmentation.