bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of different protein levels of fry feed on the production of quality tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry
Authors: Sumi KR , Das M , Siddika I
Published: July 2012

A 4-week long feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different protein levels of quality Tilapia (O. niloticus) fry production in Agro-3 Fish Hatchery and Culture Farm, Boilor, Trishal, Mymensingh. Four days old 1247 fry (length 0.8 cm and weight 0.012 g) were stocked at the density of 1560/m2 in twelve synthetic hapas. Four   different treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4) in three replications were used having different level of protein containing diets (T1,=35.95%, T2=40.43%, T3=45.61% and T4=50.85%) in the experiment. Feeds were supplied to fry at 4 h intervals during 24 h cycle upto satiation level. Sampling was done at 7 days interval throughout the experiment. The best growth was obtained at 35.95% protein level in T1 treatment. Therefore, a follow up second experiment with feeds having protein levels 30.12%, 33.42%, 36.19% and 39.01% encircling the best performed diet (35.95% protein) of the first experiment was conducted. Significantly (P<0.05) higher mean weight gain (g), SGR (%/day), PER, survival rate (%) and lower FCR value were found at 36.19% protein containing diet. Thus, from the results of the two experiments conducted in two consecutive years it can be said that the feed containing approximately 36% protein is the best for the production of quality tilapia fry. If farmers use 36% protein instead of 40% then it will be more economic because fish meal is costly. Further experiment can be carried with feed containing 36% protein from cheaper ingredients   other than fish meal to reduce the feed cost.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11053   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 359364, 2011
The Sprouting Capacity of 8–21-Year-Old Poplars and Some Practical Implications
Authors: Johansson Tord , Hjelm Birger
Published: July 2012

We investigated the sprouting capacity of poplar stumps in ten 8–21-year old stands growing on former farmland in Sweden situated between 55°N and 60°N. Seven of the stands were planted with the clone OP-42 (Populus maximowiczii Henry × Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray), one with black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray) and two with unidentified clones. The poplars’ mean age was 17 years (range 8–21); six of the stands were growing on clay soils, two on tills and two on loam. The studied sprouts were 1–7 years old. Stump sprouting was observed in all studied stands. The number of sprouts per living stump decreased as sprout age increased. The mean dry mass of all sprouts stump−1 was 16.1 ± 14.0 (range 3.3–37.2) kg. A biomass equation was constructed for estimating sprout biomass from the sprouts’ diameter at 10 cm above the ground (D10). The mean total sprout weight per hectare for sprouts amounted to 16.9 ± 14.6 (range 1.2–41.3) tons ha−1 when calculated for the actual living stumps in the studied areas.
Correlation among Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Hemolytic, and Antiproliferative Properties of Leiothrix spiralis Leaves Extract
Authors: De Freitas Araújo Marcelo Gonzaga , Hilário Felipe , Vilegas Wagner , Dos Santos Lourdes Campaner , Brunetti Iguatemy Lourenço , Sotomayor Claudia Elena , Bauab Tais Maria
Published: July 2012

The biological activities of a plant extract depend on a complex sum of individual properties including the antioxidant activity. Several biological activities protect against the harmful action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and here we focused our attention on the relationship between the biological activities tested and the antioxidant properties. In this study, the total flavonoid content as well as the antioxidant, antimicrobial, hemolytic and cytotoxicity activities of the methanolic extract of Leitothrix spiralis leaves were evaluated. The extract showed a total flavonoid content of 19.26% and the chemical characterization by HPLC-PAD confirmed the presence of flavonoids as the major secondary metabolite compounds. Significant antioxidant activity (IC50 = 1.743 µg/mL ± 0.063) was demonstrated and was effective against Gram-negative organisms and all Candida strains tested, and showed an ability to inhibit hyphal formation. Non-hemolytic and antiproliferative activity could be demonstrated.
Activation of Propane C-H and C-C Bonds by Gas-Phase Pt Atom: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Li Fang-Ming , Yang Hua-Qing , Ju Ting-Yong , Li Xiang-Yuan , Hu Chang-Wei
Published: July 2012

The reaction mechanism of the gas-phase Pt atom with C3H8 has been systematically investigated on the singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces at CCSD(T)//BPW91/6-311++G(d, p), Lanl2dz level. Pt atom prefers the attack of primary over secondary C-H bonds in propane. For the Pt + C3H8 reaction, the major and minor reaction channels lead to PtC3H6 + H2 and PtCH2 + C2H6, respectively, whereas the possibility to form products PtC2H4 + CH4 is so small that it can be neglected. The minimal energy reaction pathway for the formation of PtC3H6 + H2, involving one spin inversion, prefers to start at the triplet state and afterward proceed along the singlet state. The optimal C-C bond cleavages are assigned to C-H bond activation as the first step, followed by cleavage of a C-C bond. The C-H insertion intermediates are kinetically favored over the C-C insertion intermediates. From C-C to C-H oxidative insertion, the lowering of activation barrier is mainly caused by the more stabilizing transition state interaction ΔE≠int, which is the actual interaction energy between the deformed reactants in the transition state.
Secretome Survey of Human Plexiform Neurofibroma Derived Schwann Cells Reveals a Secreted form of the RARRES1 Protein
Authors: Chen Hui-Ling , Seol Haeri , Brown Kristy Jean , Gordish-Dressman Heather , Hill Ashley , Gallo Vittorio , Packer Roger , Hathout Yetrib
Published: July 2012

To bring insights into neurofibroma biochemistry, a comprehensive secretome analysis was performed on cultured human primary Schwann cells isolated from surgically resected plexiform neurofibroma and from normal nerve tissue. Using a combination of SDS-PAGE and high precision LC-MS/MS, 907 proteins were confidently identified in the conditioned media of Schwann cell cultures combined. Label free proteome profiling revealed consistent release of high levels of 22 proteins by the four biological replicates of NF1 Schwann cell cultures relative to the two normal Schwann cell cultures. Inversely, 9 proteins displayed decreased levels in the conditioned media of NF1 relative to normal Schwann cells. The proteins with increased levels included proteins involved in cell growth, angiogenesis and complement pathway while proteins with decreased levels included those involved in cell adhesion, plasminogen pathway and extracellular matrix remodeling. Retinoic acid receptor responder protein-1 (RARRES1), previously described as an integral membrane tumor suppressor, was found exclusively secreted by NF1 Schwann cells but not by normal Schwann cells. All-trans retinoic acid modulated secretion of RARRES1 in a dose dependent manner. This study shows altered secretion of key proteins in NF1 derived Schwann cells. The potential implication of these proteins in neurofibroma biology is discussed.
A Systematic Study on the Self-Assembly Behaviour of Multi Component Fmoc-Amino Acid-Poly(oxazoline) Systems
Authors: Caponi Pier-Francesco , Ulijn Rein V.
Published: July 2012

We report a systematic study of a modular approach to create multi-component supramolecular nanostructures that can be tailored to be both enzyme and temperature responsive. Using a straightforward synthetic approach we functionalised a thermal responsive polymer, poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline), with fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-amino acids that drive the self-assembly. Depending on the properties of appended amino acids, these polymers undergo substantial morphological changes in response to the catalytic action of alkaline phosphatase.
Influenza Virus-Mediated Membrane Fusion: Determinants of Hemagglutinin Fusogenic Activity and Experimental Approaches for Assessing Virus Fusion
Authors: Hamilton Brian S. , Whittaker Gary R. , Daniel Susan
Published: July 2012

Hemagglutinin (HA) is the viral protein that facilitates the entry of influenza viruses into host cells. This protein controls two critical aspects of entry: virus binding and membrane fusion. In order for HA to carry out these functions, it must first undergo a priming step, proteolytic cleavage, which renders it fusion competent. Membrane fusion commences from inside the endosome after a drop in lumenal pH and an ensuing conformational change in HA that leads to the hemifusion of the outer membrane leaflets of the virus and endosome, the formation of a stalk between them, followed by pore formation. Thus, the fusion machinery is an excellent target for antiviral compounds, especially those that target the conserved stem region of the protein. However, traditional ensemble fusion assays provide a somewhat limited ability to directly quantify fusion partly due to the inherent averaging of individual fusion events resulting from experimental constraints. Inspired by the gains achieved by single molecule experiments and analysis of stochastic events, recently-developed individual virion imaging techniques and analysis of single fusion events has provided critical information about individual virion behavior, discriminated intermediate fusion steps within a single virion, and allowed the study of the overall population dynamics without the loss of discrete, individual information. In this article, we first start by reviewing the determinants of HA fusogenic activity and the viral entry process, highlight some open questions, and then describe the experimental approaches for assaying fusion that will be useful in developing the most effective therapies in the future.
A c-Myc and Surface CD19 Signaling Amplification Loop Promotes B Cell Lymphoma Development and Progression in Mice
Authors: Poe Jonathan C. , Minard-Colin Veronique , Kountikov Evgueni I. , Haas Karen M. , Tedder Thomas F.
Published: July 2012

Malignant B cells responding to external stimuli are likely to gain a growth advantage in vivo. These cells may therefore maintain surface CD19 expression to amplify transmembrane signals and promote their expansion and survival. To determine whether CD19 expression influences this process, Eμ-Myc transgenic (c-MycTg) mice that develop aggressive and lethal B cell lymphomas were made CD19 deficient (c-MycTgCD19−/−). Compared with c-MycTg and c-MycTgCD19+/− littermates, the median life span of c-MycTgCD19−/− mice was prolonged by 81–83% (p < 0.0001). c-MycTgCD19−/− mice also lived 42% longer than c-MycTg littermates following lymphoma detection (p < 0.01). Tumor cells in c-MycTg and c-MycTgCD19−/− mice were B lineage derived, had a similar phenotype with a large blastlike appearance, invaded multiple lymphoid tissues, and were lethal when adoptively transferred into normal recipient mice. Importantly, reduced lymphomagenesis in c-MycTgCD19−/− mice was not due to reductions in early B cell numbers prior to disease onset. In mechanistic studies, constitutive c-Myc expression enhanced CD19 expression and phosphorylation on active sites. Reciprocally, CD19 expression in c-MycTg B cells enhanced c-Myc phosphorylation at regulatory sites, sustained higher c-Myc protein levels, and maintained a balance of cyclin D2 expression over that of cyclin D3. These findings define a new and novel c-Myc:CD19 regulatory loop that positively influences B cell transformation and lymphoma progression.
Value of Third Sputum Smear for Detection of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Infected Patients
Authors: Marjani Majid , Tabarsi Payam , Baghaei Parvaneh , Mansouri Davoud , Masjedi Mohammad Reza , Velayati Ali Akbar
Published: July 2012

We evaluated diagnostic yield of third sputum smear in patients co infected with HIV for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis. Among 139 pulmonary tuberculosis cases confirmed with positive sputum culture, diagnostic yield of first smear of sputum with acid fast staining was 83.5%. Incremental yield of 2nd and 3rd samples was 11.2% and 5.2% respectively. So two sputum smears may be enough for primary evaluation of HIV infected patients suspected to TB.
Changing distributions of larger ungulates in the Kruger National Park from ecological aerial survey data
Authors: Chirima George J. , Owen-Smith Norman , Erasmus Barend F.N.
Published: July 2012

Documenting current species distribution patterns and their association with habitat types is important as a basis for assessing future range shifts in response to climate change or other influences. We used the adaptive local convex hull (a-LoCoH) method to map distribution ranges of 12 ungulate species within the Kruger National Park (KNP) based on locations recorded during aerial surveys (1980–1993). We used log-linear models to identify changes in regional distribution patterns and chi-square tests to determine shifts in habitat occupation over this period. We compared observed patterns with earlier, more subjectively derived distribution maps for these species. Zebra, wildebeest and giraffe distributions shifted towards the far northern section of the KNP, whilst buffalo and kudu showed proportional declines in the north. Sable antelope distribution contracted most in the north, whilst tsessebe, eland and roan antelope distributions showed no shifts. Warthog and waterbuck contracted in the central and northern regions, respectively. The distribution of impala did not change. Compared with earlier distributions, impala, zebra, buffalo, warthog and waterbuck had become less strongly concentrated along rivers. Wildebeest, zebra, sable antelope and tsessebe had become less prevalent in localities west of the central region. Concerning habitat occupation, the majority of grazers showed a concentration on basaltic substrates, whilst sable antelope favoured mopane-dominated woodland and sour bushveld on granite. Buffalo showed no strong preference for any habitats and waterbuck were concentrated along rivers. Although widespread, impala were absent from sections of mopane shrubveld and sandveld. Kudu and giraffe were widespread through most habitats, but with a lesser prevalence in northern mopane-dominated habitats. Documented distribution shifts appeared to be related to the completion of the western boundary fence and widened provision of surface water within the park. Conservation implications: The objectively recorded distribution patterns provide a foundation for assessing future changes in distribution that may take place in response to climatic shifts or other influences.
Clinical Utility of Treprostinil and Its Overall Place in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Mirza Shireen , Foley Raymond J.
Published: July 2012

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease that leads to characteristic vascular wall remodeling and hemodynamic alterations. Consequently, this pulmonary vascular disease contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality in afflicted patients. PAH may be idiopathic in nature or associated with connective tissue disease, chronic liver disease, human immunodeficiency virus, congenital heart disease, and a growing list of other conditions. There are currently nine Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for specific PAH treatment. Therapeutic targets include prostacyclin replacement, endothelin-1 antagonism, and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition. This article focuses on the prostanoid treprostinil and explores its role in the management of patients with PAH.
TNBCtype: A Subtyping Tool for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Jiang , Gray William H. , Lehmann Brian D. , Bauer Joshua A. , Shyr Yu , Pietenpol Jennifer A.
Published: July 2012

Motivation

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous breast cancer group, and identification of molecular subtypes is essential for understanding the biological characteristics and clinical behaviors of TNBC as well as for developing personalized treatments. Based on 3,247 gene expression profiles from 21 breast cancer data sets, we discovered six TNBC subtypes from 587 TNBC samples with unique gene expression patterns and ontologies. Cell line models representing each of the TNBC subtypes also displayed different sensitivities to targeted therapeutic agents. Classification of TNBC into subtypes will advance further genomic research and clinical applications.

Result

We developed a web-based subtyping tool TNBCtype for candidate TNBC samples using our gene expression meta data and classification methods. Given a gene expression data matrix, this tool will display for each candidate sample the predicted subtype, the corresponding correlation coefficient, and the permutation P-value. We offer a user-friendly web interface to predict the subtypes for new TNBC samples that may facilitate diagnostics, biomarker selection, drug discovery, and the more tailored treatment of breast cancer.
Nasal and Buccal Treatment of Midazolam in Epileptic Seizures in Pediatrics
Authors: Ülgey Ayşe , Aksu Recep , Bicer Cihangir
Published: July 2012

Acute seizure and status epilepticus constitute major medical emergencies in children. Four to six percent of children will have at least one seizure in the first 16 years of life. Status epilepticus is a common neurological emergency in childhood and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The early application of antiepileptic treatment is very important. Because early treatment prevents the status epilepticus formation and shortens the duration of seizure activity. For this reason administration of anticonvulsant therapy in the prehospital setting is very important. Seizures generally begin outside the hospital, and thus parents and caregivers need simple, safe and effective treatment options to ensure early intervention. The only special preparation used for this purpose is rectal diazepam but has some disadvantages. Midazolam is a safe, short-acting benzodiazepin. It is suitable to use oral, buccal, nasal, im and iv routes. This provides a wide area for clinical applications. Recently there are many clinical studies about the usage of nasal and buccal midazolam for treatment of pediatric epileptic seizures. The nasal and buccal applications in pediatric seizures are very practical and effective. Parents and caregivers can apply easily outside the hospital.
Quantum complex projective spaces from Toeplitz cubes
Authors: Hajac Piotr M. , Kaygun Atabey , Zieliński Bartosz
Published: July 2012

From

N

-tensor powers of the Toeplitz algebra, we construct a multi-pullback C*-algebra that is a noncommutative deformation of the complex projective space

\mathbb{P}^N\!(\mathbb{C})

. Using Birkhoff’s Representation Theorem, we prove that the lattice of kernels of the canonical projections on components of the multi-pullback C*-algebra is free. This shows that our deformation preserves the freeness of the lattice of subsets generated by the affine covering of the complex projective space.
Gerbes and the holomorphic Brauer group of complex tori
Authors: Ben-Bassat Oren
Published: July 2012

The purpose of this paper is to develop the theory of holomorphic gerbes on complex tori in a manner analogous to the classical theory for line bundles. In contrast to past studies on this subject, we do not restrict to the case where these gerbes are torsion or topologically trivial. We give an Appell–Humbert type description of all holomorphic gerbes on complex tori. This gives an explicit, simple, cocycle representative (and hence gerbe) for each equivalence class of holomorphic gerbes. We also prove that a gerbe on the fiber product of four spaces over a common base is trivial as long as it is trivial upon restriction to any three out of the four spaces. A fine moduli stack for gerbes on complex tori is constructed. This involves the construction of a “Poincaré” gerbe which plays a role analogous to the role of the Poincaré bundle in the case of line bundles.
Assessment of Dental Anxiety and its Correlation with Denture Satisfaction in Edentulous Patients
Authors: Prashanth MB , Shrivastava Rahul , Shigli Kamal , Kumaraswamy BN , Nethravathi TD
Published: July 2012

Objective

The objectives of this study were to measure the level of dental anxiety and its correlation with dental history, denture satisfaction and other variables.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 completely edentulous patients reporting to the Department of Prosthodontics, KLES's Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, over a period of 17 months (August 2005 to March 2007). The anxiety level of the patients was assessed with the help of a questionnaire, after obtaining an informed consent. Reliability of the dental anxiety scale was assessed by means of coefficient alpha.

Results

The results of this study concluded that dental anxiety scale for edentulous patients was a reliable scale for measuring dental anxiety. The anxiety score was higher for female than male patients. A significant correlation was found between denture satisfaction score and anxiety.

Discussion

Anxiety plays a major role in denture satisfaction. The variables included: Previous denture experience, occupation, medical history, age, gender, dental anxiety scale, period of edentulousness, age of previous dentures, number of complete dentures, denture satisfaction score, and the score on the Hamilton anxiety scale

Conclusion

The study indicated that gender correlates significantly with dental anxiety. Patients with medical history were found to be more anxious than normal patients. Patients with higher anxiety values were less satisfied with the treatment. Lastly, subjects with higher general anxiety showed greater values on the dental anxiety scale.

Clinical significance

The assessment of dental anxiety will help the prosthodontist in the management of anxious patients and secondly to provide evidence-based research into this psychological construct which has been shown to predict dental avoidance.

How to cite this article

Shrivastava R, Srivastava R, Shigli K, Prashanth MB, Kumaraswamy BN, Nethravathi TD. Assessment of Dental Anxiety and its Correlation with Denture Satisfaction in Edentulous Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):257-260.
Dentists’ Opinion and Knowledge about Preventive Dental Care in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Togoo Rafi Ahmed , Al-Rafee Mohammed A , Kandyala Reena , Luqam Master , Al-Bulowey Mohammed A
Published: July 2012

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the dentists’ opinions on causes for high prevalence of dental caries in the country and to assess their level of knowledge about preventive dental care.

Materials and methods

A questionnaire based national crosssectional survey among 500 dentists was conducted under the auspices of Directorate of Dentistry, Ministry of Health. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 11.0 and descriptive statistics were obtained.

Results

The response rate was 87.8% (n = 439). 83% of dentists identified poor oral hygiene as the major reason for high prevalence of caries, only 39% of patients reportedly brushed teeth at least once a day, oral prophylaxis (83%) is the most common preventive practice followed, social factors (62.5%) are the most challenging barriers in preventive dental programs, 71.3% always give chair side dental health education, school based programs (66.6%) are most effective tools for dental health education.

Conclusion

Majority of dentists in Saudi Arabia are adequately informed and motivated toward preventive dental care but they are in need of further support from policy makers to enhance preventive dental programs in the Kingdom.

Clinical significance

Oral hygiene should be improved in the country by reaching out to the entire community through extensive and continued education programs.

How to cite this article

Togoo RA, Al-Rafee MA, Kandyala R, Luqam M, Al-Bulowey MA. Dentists’ Opinion and Knowledge about Preventive Dental Care in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3): 261-265.
Effects of a Self-Etching Primer and 37% Phosphoric Acid Etching on Enamel: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Nanjannawar Lalita G , Nanjannawar Girish S
Published: July 2012

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the etching effects of a self-etching primer with 37% phosphoric acid on enamel by using a scanning electron microscope. Bond strength and the site of bond failure were also determined for brackets bonded using SEP and 37% phosphoric acid.

Materials and methods

A total of 60 maxillary premolar teeth were used for this study and they were divided into four groups. First two groups were used for studying the different types of etch patterns obtained and the next two groups were used to test the bond strength with the help of Universal testing machine. After debonding, the amount of residual adhesive was assessed according to adhesive remnant index using a stereomicroscope.

Results

The majority of etch patterns obtained in the 37% phosphoric acid group were type II, whereas in the SEP group, type IV pattern was more common. There was no statistically significant difference between mean bond strengths obtained with the SEP group and the phosphoric acid group. Use of SEP results in less amount of residual adhesive on tooth surface after debonding.

Conclusion

SEP produces more conservative etch pattern compared to 37% phosphoric acid. Use of SEP for bonding provides similar and clinically acceptable bond strength compared to use of 37% phosphoric acid etching technique and requires less clean-up procedures hence, reduces enamel loss.

Clinical significance

Use of 37% phosphoric acid for orthodontic bonding yields high bond strength but, causes enamel loss during both etching and debonding. SEPs not only provide adequate bond strength with a more conservative etch pattern but also enable easy debonding, thereby reducing the enamel damage.

How to cite this article

Nanjannawar LG, Nanjannawar GS. Effects of A Self-Etching Primer and 37% Phosphoric Acid Etching on Enamel: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):280-284.
Effect of Fluoride Prophylactic Agents on the Surface Topography of NiTi and CuNiTi Wires
Authors: Mane Pratap N , Pawar Renuka , Ganiger Chanamallappa , Phaphe Sandesh
Published: July 2012

Aim

The aim of this study was to see the effect of topical fluoride on surface texture on nickel-titanium and copper-nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires.

Materials and methods

Preformed rectangular NiTi and CuNiTi wires were immersed in in fluoride solution and artificial saliva (control) for 90 minutes at 37°C. after immersion optical microscope was used to see the fluoride effect on the wire topography.

Results

The acidulated fluoride agents appeared to cause greater corrosive effects as compared to the neutral fluoride agents.

Conclusion

The result suggest that using topical fluoride agents leads to corrosion of surface topography indirectly affecting the mechanical properties of the wire that will lead to prolonged orthodontic treatment.

Clinical significance

The use of topical fluoride agents has to be limited in patients with prolonged orthodontic treatment as it causes the corrosion of the NiTi and CuNiTi wires.

How to cite this article

Mane PN, Pawar R, Ganiger C, Phaphe S. Effect of Fluoride Prophylactic Agents on the Surface Topography of NiTi and CuNiTi wires. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):285-288.
Blood Cells Attachment after Root Conditioning and PRP Application: An in vitro Study
Authors: Leite Fabio Renato Manzolli , Sampaio José Eduardo Cezar , Fontanari Lucas Amaral , de Paula Ishi Eduardo , Zandim Daniela Leal , Dantas Andrea Abi Rached , Rached Ricardo Samih Georges Abi
Published: July 2012

Aim

Root conditioning is aimed at smear layer removal and at dental matrix collagen exposure, which may promote periodontal regeneration. This in vitro study assessed smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and the influence of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) application on adhesion of blood cells to the root surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Materials and methods

Scaled root samples (n = 160) were set in five groups and conditioned with: group I – control group (saline solution); group II (EDTA 24%); group III (citric acid 25%); group IV (tetracycline hydrochloride 50 mg/ml); group V (sodium citrate 30%). Eighty samples were assessed using the root surface modification index (RSMI). The other eighty samples were set in two groups. The first group (n = 40) received PRP gel application with a soft brush and the second group (n = 40) received PRP application and then a blood drop. The fibrin clot formation was assessed in the first group and the blood cells adhesion was assessed in the second group using the BEAI (blood elements adhesion index). A previously trained, calibrated, and blind examiner evaluated photomicrographs. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis's and Dunn's tests.

Results

Group III attained the best results for RSMI and BEAI. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation.

Conclusion

Citric acid was the most efficient conditioner for smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and blood cell adhesion. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation after PRP application.

Clinical significance

This study demonstrated that root conditioning followed by PRP application may favor blood cell adhesion on root surface which may optimize periodontal healing.

How to cite this article

Dantas AAR, Fontanari LA, Ishi EP, Leite FRM, Zandim DL, Abi Rached RSG, Sampaio JEC. Blood Cells Attachment after Root Conditioning and PRP Application: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):332-338.
The Effects of 5-fluorouracil Alone and in Combination with 13-cis Retinoic Acid and Vitamin D3 on Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lines
Authors: Dalirsani Zohreh , Farajnia Safar , Javadzadeh Yousef , Mehdipour Masoumeh , Koozegari Sepideh
Published: July 2012

Aim

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is responsible for about 90% of oral malignancies and its incidence is increasing. Despite various treatment protocols, survival rate of OSCC is low. Chemotherapy that is used for treating this carcinoma in advanced stages is systemic therapy that destroys carcinogenic cells, and controls tumor metastasis. Chemotherapy is very toxic and has limitations, especially for patients in advanced stages. Considering positive effects of retinoid and vitamin D3 derivatives in treating some carcinomas, we decided to evaluate the effect of combination of these drugs on OSCC. In this study the effects of combination of 5-fluorouracil, 13-cis retinoic acid and vitamin D3 on cultured cell of OSCC have been evaluated.

Materials and methods

OSCC cells were cultured in culture media and different concentration of 5-fluorouracil, 13-cis retinoic acid and vitamin D3 were added to cultured cell as separately and in combinations. The effect of treatment on cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis were evaluated by MTT and TUNEL assays respectively.

Results

Combination of 5-fluorouracil and 13- cis retinoic acid had the highest inhibitory effect on SCC cell proliferation. Combination of two drugs had more apoptotic effect than each of them separately, and combination of three drugs had more effect than combination of two drugs.

Conclusion

Because combination of drugs had more inhibitory effect on cell proliferation than one of them and combination of three drugs had the most apoptotic effect than one of these drugs separately, these drugs may have synergic effect on OSCC.

Clinical significance

Combination of three drugs has more inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and apoptotic effect than one of these drugs.

How to cite this article

Dalirsani Z, Farajnia S, Javadzadeh Y, Mehdipour M, Koozegari S. The Effects of 5-fluorouracil Alone and in Combination with 13-cis Retinoic Acid and Vitamin D3 on Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lines. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):345-350.
Analgesic Efficacy of Tramadol and Butorphanol in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Comparative Study
Authors: Hassan Syed Sirajul , Ahmed Anees , Rai Manjunath , Kalappa TM
Published: July 2012

Background

Butorphanol tartrate, a mixed synthetic agonistantagonist opioid analgesic has been used for management of postoperative pain in minor and major surgical procedures.14,20 Tramadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting opioid which is effectively used in postoperative pain in various minor and major surgeries.

Materials and methods

Twenty subjects selected randomly received butorphanol tartrate 1 mg intramuscular and 20 subjects received tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg intramuscular after the removal of mandibular third molars. Time of injection, amount of anesthetic injected, duration of surgery, adverse effects were recorded.21

Results

The mean amount of LA administered in butorphanol group was 2.6450 ml and in tramadol group was 2.640 ml respectively, the mean duration for surgery was 56.75 and 53.5 minutes for butorphanol and tramadol groups respectively which was statistically not significant. Pain assessment was done with VAS which showed mean of 19.2 and 15.5 mm (p = 0.001) which was significant for butorphanol and tramadol respectively after 12 hours. The mean time for rescue medication requirement was 5.9 hours (for tramadol) and 8.4 hours (for butorphanol). Effective analgesic activity was seen by butorphanol 1 mg intramuscular then tramadol 50 mg.

Conclusion

Butorphanol 1 mg was more effective than tramadol 50 mg in respect to postoperative analgesia.

How to cite this article

Hassan SS, Ahmed A, Rai M, Kalappa TM. Analgesic Efficacy of Tramadol and Butorphanol in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):364-370.
Epidemiology of Dental Caries among Adults in a Rural Area in India
Authors: Maru Ami M , Narendran Sena
Published: July 2012

Background

Data on epidemiology of dental caries of adults in rural India appear to be sparse.

Objective

The purpose of the study was to assess the oral health status and dental treatment needs of a rural Indian population.

Materials and methods

The study population consisted of 189 volunteer subjects with a mean age of 34.9 ± 14.2 years and 54% males. Decayed, missing due to caries and filled teeth (DMFT) and tooth surfaces (DMFS) assessed the dental caries experience. Structured interviews collected data on perception of health including oral health, oral hygiene practices and snacking habits.

Results

While only 38.1% perceived themselves to be in good or very good dental health, nearly 85% felt the same about general health. The most common sugar exposure was sweetened tea; 75% consumed the beverage at least once a day. More than 80% of the subjects had untreated caries with mean DMFT and DMFS scores of 5.1 ± 3.9 and 13.8 ± 17.8, which lacked any gender differences. Dental treatment needs ranged from 16.9% two-surface fillings to 60.8% one-surface fillings; 23.8% crowns or bridges and 37.6% extractions. Those who perceived themselves to be in better oral health had significantly lower DMFT (4.0 ± 3.2 vs 5.9 ± 4.1) and DMFS (8.4 ± 11.7 vs 17.1 ± 20.0) scores (p < 0.05). A similar trend was observed between perception of general health and DMFT (4.8 ± 3.4 vs 7.0 ± 5.6) and DMFS (11.9 ± 13.7 vs 24.1 ± 30.7) scores.

Conclusion

Results indicate high levels of dental caries as well as dental treatment needs among the study participants.

How to cite this article

Maru AM, Narendran S. Epidemiology of Dental Caries among Adults in a Rural Area in India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):382-388.
A Study to Evaluate and Compare the Shear Bond Strength of Resilient Liners with Heat Cure Denture Base Resins, with and without the Effect of Saliva: An in vitro Study
Authors: Reddy K Srinivas , Rao N Venugopal , Rao C Satyanageshwar , Reddy S Sreedhar , Prasad G Maruthi , Naik Madhukeshwara S
Published: July 2012

Aim

To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of resilient liners with heat cure denture base resins in the presence or absence of saliva.

Materials and methods

Two commercially available heat polymerized acrylics and three commercially available denture liners were immersed in artificial saliva for 7 days and 14 days, respectively. A total of 180 (Acralyn-H, No.90 and Lucitone - 199, No.90) specimens were prepared. Total of 90 overlapping joint specimens were prepared, 45 of them using Acralyn H (AGroup) and rest 45 using Lucitone-199 (L-Group). The specimens were tested for flexural strength with a 3-point bending test on an Instron universal testing machine. The results were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

The mean difference in shear bond strength (SBS) at different time intervals was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). Lucitone-199 recorded a significantly higher mean SBS compared to Acralyn H (p < 0.001). Further, significant differences between GC and Densply, GC and Aswin liners, and between Dentsply and Aswin were noted (p < 0.001). Difference between baseline and 7 days time interval, as well as, between baseline and 14 days time interval with respect to the mean SBS of these materials were significant (p < 0.001). Also, the mean difference in SBS between 7 days time interval and 14 days time interval was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Among the three different liners, GC yielded a higher mean SBS compared to Aswin and Dentsply at all the three time intervals. The mean SBS recorded in Dentsply and Aswin was almost same at 14 days time interval, but at baseline and 7 days, it was higher in Aswin compared to Dentsply.

Conclusion

Lucitone-199 recorded a higher mean SBS compared to Acralyn H. As the time interval increases, the mean SBS recorded in both the denture base materials decrease. Among the three different liners, GC yields a higher mean SBS compared to Aswin and Dentsply at all the three time intervals.

Clinical significance

The most common reason for failures of resilient linings in removable dentures is the separation of these linings from the denture base. Therefore, poor adhesive bond properties are one of the serious defects of the material in clinical practice.

How to cite this article

Rao CS, Reddy SS, Prasad GM, Reddy KS, Rao NV, Naik MS. A Study to Evaluate and Compare the Shear Bond Strength of Resilient Liners with Heat Cure Denture Base Resins, with and without the Effect of Saliva: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):394-400.
Surface Morphological Changes in Human Enamel Following Bleaching: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Ranganath LM , Rao B Sunil , Rajesh AG , Kumar KS Prem
Published: July 2012

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphological and structural changes of the enamel induced by three bleaching agents namely old McInnes solution, modified McInnes solution and 10% carbamide peroxide gel at different time intervals.

Materials and methods

Fifteen freshly extracted noncarious human central incisors with intact enamel surface were selected. The teeth were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction separating the crown portion from the root using a diamond separating disk. Following this, the samples were subjected to three different bleaching agents: Group 1: Old McInnes solution, group 2: modified McInnes solution and group 3: 10% carbamide peroxide for a period of 15, 30 and 60 minutes, 24 and 30 hours time interval. The sample stubs were subjected to scanning electron microscope and were photographed at 2000 and 10,000 magnifications.

Conclusion

The present study revealed no indication of either etching or significant change in surface morphology of enamel when evaluated under scanning electron microscope after 6 weeks treatment with various bleaching agents.

Clinical significance

Morphological alterations in bleached enamel are both concentration and time dependent.

How to cite this article

Rajesh AG, Ranganath LM, Kumar KSP, Rao BS. Surface Morphological Changes in Human Enamel Following Bleaching: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):405-415.
Using the Self-etch Adhesives in Anterior Restoration
Authors: de Oliveira Júnior Osmir Batista , de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Saad José Roberto Cury , de Campos Edson Alves , de Toledo Porto Neto Sizenando , Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Kabbach William
Published: July 2012

With the arrival of self-etch adhesives systems, there has been a rise in interest among clinicians, making it imperative for health professionals to have knowledge of the properties, characteristics, the association as well as the dental structures of these materials, in order to select them and use them correctly. The self-etch adhesive systems show good values of bond strength, microleakage and performance, and have therefore become an option in direct adhesive restorations. In the regard, this case study aims to describe the technique involving the use of selfetch adhesives system for direct restoration of anterior teeth.

How to cite this article

Tonetto MR, Kabbach W, de Campos EA, de Oliveira Junior OB, de Toledo Porto Neto S, Saad JRC, de Andrade MF. Using the Self-etch Adhesives in Anterior Restoration. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):421-424.
CO2 flux estimation errors associated with moist atmospheric processes
Authors: Parazoo N. C. , Denning A. S. , Kawa S. R. , Pawson S. , Lokupitiya R.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. Vertical transport by moist sub-grid scale processes such as deep convection is a well-known source of uncertainty in CO2 source/sink inversion. However, a dynamical link between vertical transport, satellite based retrievals of column mole fractions of CO2, and source/sink inversion has not yet been established. By using the same offline transport model with meteorological fields from slightly different data assimilation systems, we examine sensitivity of frontal CO2 transport and retrieved fluxes to different parameterizations of sub-grid vertical transport. We find that frontal transport feeds off background vertical CO2 gradients, which are modulated by sub-grid vertical transport. The implication for source/sink estimation is two-fold. First, CO2 variations contained in moist poleward moving air masses are systematically different from variations in dry equatorward moving air. Moist poleward transport is hidden from orbital sensors on satellites, causing a sampling bias, which leads directly to small but systematic flux retrieval errors in northern mid-latitudes. Second, differences in the representation of moist sub-grid vertical transport in GEOS-4 and GEOS-5 meteorological fields cause differences in vertical gradients of CO2, which leads to systematic differences in moist poleward and dry equatorward CO2 transport and therefore the fraction of CO2 variations hidden in moist air from satellites. As a result, sampling biases are amplified and regional scale flux errors enhanced, most notably in Europe (0.43 ± 0.35 PgC yr−1). These results, cast from the perspective of moist frontal transport processes, support previous arguments that the vertical gradient of CO2 is a major source of uncertainty in source/sink inversion.
Examining the impact of heterogeneous nitryl chloride production on air quality across the United States
Authors: Sarwar G. , Simon H. , Bhave P. , Yarwood G.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The heterogeneous hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) has typically been modeled as only producing nitric acid. However, recent field studies have confirmed that the presence of particulate chloride alters the reaction product to produce nitryl chloride (ClNO2) which undergoes photolysis to generate chlorine atoms and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Both chlorine and NO2 affect atmospheric chemistry and air quality. We present an updated gas-phase chlorine mechanism that can be combined with the Carbon Bond 05 mechanism and incorporate the combined mechanism into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. We then update the current model treatment of heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 to include ClNO2 as a product. The model, in combination with a comprehensive inventory of chlorine compounds, reactive nitrogen, particulate matter, and organic compounds, is used to evaluate the impact of the heterogeneous ClNO2 production on air quality across the United States for the months of February and September in 2006. The heterogeneous production increases ClNO2 in coastal as well as many in-land areas in the United States. Particulate chloride derived from sea-salts, anthropogenic sources, and forest fires activates the heterogeneous production of ClNO2. With current estimates of tropospheric emissions, it modestly enhances monthly mean 8-h ozone (up to 1–2 ppbv or 3–4%) but causes large increases (up to 13 ppbv) in isolated episodes. This chemistry also substantially reduces the mean total nitrate by up to 0.8–2.0 μg m−3 or 11–21%. Modeled ClNO2 accounts for up to 6% of the monthly mean total reactive nitrogen. Sensitivity results of the model suggest that heterogeneous production of ClNO2 can further increase O3 and reduce TNO3 if elevated particulate-chloride levels are present in the atmosphere.
Simulation of stratospheric water vapor and trends using three reanalyses
Authors: Schoeberl M. R. , Dessler A. E. , Wang T.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The domain-filling, forward trajectory calculation model developed by Schoeberl and Dessler (2011) is extended to the 1979–2010 period. We compare results from NASA's MERRA, NCEP's CFSR, and ECMWF's ERAi reanalyses with HALOE, MLS, and balloon observations. The CFSR based simulation produces a wetter stratosphere than MERRA, and ERAi produces a drier stratosphere than MERRA. We find that ERAi 100 hPa temperatures are cold biased compared to Singapore sondes and MERRA, which explains the ERAi result, and the CFSR grid does not resolve the cold point tropopause, which explains its relatively higher water vapor concentration. The pattern of dehydration locations is also different among the three reanalyses. ERAi dehydration pattern stretches across the Pacific while CFSR and MERRA concentrate dehydration activity in the West Pacific. CSFR and ERAi also show less dehydration activity in the West Pacific Southern Hemisphere than MERRA. The trajectory models' lower northern high latitude stratosphere tends to be dry because too little methane-derived water descends from the middle stratosphere. Using the MLS tropical tape recorder signal, we find that MERRA vertical ascent is 15% too weak while ERAi is 30% too strong. The trajectory model reproduces the observed reduction in the amplitude of the 100-hPa annual cycle in zonal mean water vapor as it propagates to middle latitudes. Finally, consistent with the observations, the models show less than 0.2 ppm decade−1 trend in water vapor both at mid-latitudes and in the tropics.