bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confrontational communicative strategies in dramaturgy: classics vs modernity
Authors: Koroliova Valeriia
Published: March 2020

Conflict is the main genre of play and the driving force behind drama. Internal communication of contemporary dramaturgical discourse is to some extent tense and uncomfortable which is motivated by the generic specificity of play and expressed in non-combining of communicative intentions of characters. Conflict strategies are verbalized by conflict, including strategies of manipulation and speech aggression. The strategy of language aggression involves usage of tactics of insult, irony, criticism, mockery, provocation and more. A confrontational manipulation strategy can be expressed in tactics of threat, indignation, rejection, pressure, demands, etc. These tactics are aimed at seizing the communicative space to impose one’s interests on a partner.
During a conflict confrontational strategies in contemporary plays are characterized by usage of tactics with a high degree of negativity that, at the conflict peak, transform insult into the goal of communication in itself.
The strategy of language aggression involves usage of tactics of insult, irony, criticism, mockery, provocation and more. The purpose of speech aggression tactics is to express a negative assessment of the addressee and to reduce his or her self-esteem. In I. Kotliarevsky’s plays characters using the tactics of insult or reproach make sure to comment explaining to the addressee the reasons for their language aggression. At the same time in modern dramaturgy the image or criticism is largely autonomous.
Confrontation is one-sided in the process of language communication. When intensified confrontational stimuli can be both stimulus and response responses. At the same time plays of I. Kotliarevsky lack open confrontation, which exacerbates conflict of a communication situation.
Modern plays show a broader and more aggressive range of confrontational tactics as well as more active usage of them. I. Kotliarevsky’s characters often show desire to alleviate the conflict, as soon as possible to get out of the conflict situation, using weakened tactics of confrontation.
Presentation of the Ukrainian electric power engineering terminology in national lexicography in the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century
Authors: Kharchuk Liliia
Published: March 2020

The lexicographical study of the Ukrainian electric power engineering terminology at the present stage of its development is analyzed and outlined. The characteristics of national explanatory and translation dictionaries that contain the terms of the electric power engineering industry is proposed in this study.
It is observed that from 1991 till now the Ukrainian electric power engineering terminological system is at the stage of development, revival and revitalization of terminological searches. During the mentioned period significant number of dictionaries of high quality, providing both teaching of professional disciplines in the Ukrainian language and the creation of the Ukrainian educative literature were published. The analyzed lexicography of the present indicates the existence in Ukrainian terminology of a number of valuable and closely related to the electric power industry lexicographic works, which, to a greater or lesser extent, contain electric power engineering terms that serve the electricity industry with a clearly expressed own terminology.
Particularly the specific dictionaries that were published in the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century, namely, Brief Russian-Ukrainian Electric Power Engineering Dictionary: 5000 terms created by a team from Lviv Polytechnic National University (Lviv, 1990); Russian-Ukrainian Scientific and Technical Dictionary by V. Perkhach, B. Kinash (Lviv, 1997); Russian-Ukrainian Explanatory Thermal Power Dictionary edited by Ya. Mysak, M. Kruk (Lviv, 2001); Explanatory Russian-Ukrainian-English dictionary on Energy. Basic terms: over 3500 terms edited by А.А. Rudnik (Kharkiv, 1999); Ukrainian-Russian-English-French Explanatory Dictionary of Basic Terms in Power Engineering and Electrical Engineering edited by Ye.S. Yemelianova (Kharkiv, 2012) are analyzed.
The research once again showed that modern series of terminology dictionaries should be supplemented by a narrow-sector electric power engineering dictionary of explanatory type. This will promote compliance with standards, unification of Ukrainian electric power engineering terminology, and will prevent divergences in existing normative documents.
PRODUCING CULTURAL SPACE IN THE CHINESE CITIES: A CASE STUDY OF GRAND THEATERS IN SHANGHAIPRODUCING CULTURAL SPACE IN THE CHINESE CITIES: A CASE STUDY OF GRAND THEATERS IN SHANGHAI
Authors: Xue Charlie Qiuli , Sun Cong , Zhang Lujia
Published: March 2020

Following the rapid pace of urbanisation, Chinese cities have launched a new wave of large-scale infrastructure, including cultural building construction. From 1998 to 2015, more than 360 grand theaters were built together with libraries, museums and children’s palaces. The number of newly built theaters may have been more than the total sum built in Europe over the past 70 years. Through case studies of theaters built in Shanghai, this paper penetrates the phenomenon of the “heat of cultural buildings” and discovers the history, intentions and effects of these theaters on Chinese cities. Following on-site investigation of the city and theaters, the materials of theater building in China are presented. Theaters of various types are discussed in the framework of urban space, design language and consumerist culture. The authors find that the rapid growth of cultural facilities epitomises the ambition and strong implementation of Chinese (and Asian) governments in the wave of urbanisation and globalization.
PERFORMANCE STUDY OF SC WALL BASED ON EXPERIMENT AND PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Ge Qi , He Tao , Xiong Feng , Zhao Peng , Lu Yang , Liu Yang , Zhou Ning
Published: March 2020

Reverse cyclic lateral testing was undertaken to investigate the seismic behavior of 1/4 scale steel-plate concrete (SC) composite walls. The experimental program involved seven SC wall pier specimens. A new chamber structure is proposed, using steel diaphragms to connect the two steel faceplates to each other and to divide the SC wall pier into two parts. Conventional wall specimens failed mainly by tensile fracture of the concrete at the junction of the wall side and wall base, crushing of the concrete at the toe of the wall, or buckling of the steel faceplate. Tearing of the welded joints at the steel faceplates and steel diaphragm, buckling of steel, steel diaphragms being pulled out, tensile fracture and crushing of the concrete were the main failure modes of the chamber structure walls. A parametric numerical analysis in ABAQUS was developed to investigate the effects of the stiffening rib, steel web amount, material strength, shear-span ratio, and axial compression ratio on the seismic response of SC walls. The chamber structure of the SC wall piers can improve the peak load, ductility, and energy-dissipating capacity. The steel faceplate thickness and stiffening ribs can improve the behavior of SC wall piers.
A FUZZY DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SELECTION: AN INTEGRATED FPP-FIS MODEL
Authors: Fallahpour Alireza , Wong Kuan Yew , Rajoo Srithar , Olugu Ezutah Udoncy , Nilashi Mehrbakhsh , Turskis Zenonas
Published: March 2020

Sustainability has become a key concern for project selection in construction industries. Determining the best sustainable project based on various sustainability attributes is a very complicated decision. Accordingly, developing a suitable decision support framework can be very helpful for decision makers to attain planned business goals and complete projects at the right time with good quality. This research develops a decision support model which helps managers to understand the concept of sustainability in construction project selection and choose the best project using a new integrated Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach under uncertainty by integrating Fuzzy Preference Programming (FPP) as a modification of Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), with Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) as a fuzzy rulebased expert system. In the first phase of the research, fifteen sustainability attributes were selected. In the second phase, the final weight of each attribute was computed by using FPP. In the last phase, the most appropriate project was selected by running the weighted FIS. The results showed that Project 3 (P3) is the best project. Finally, two different evaluative tests were also applied to verify the validity and robustness of the developed model.
First records and new information on the associations of echinoderms with other phyla in the rocky reefs of northern Chocó, Colombian Pacific
Authors: Vanegas González María Juliana , Borrero-Pérez Giomar Helena
Published: March 2020

Rocky reefs of the northern Colombian Pacific (Chocó) are diverse ecosystems that are poorly studied. Echinoderms are one of the principal groups in these ecosystems with associations to different species, including benthic organisms in which they live and other species that use them as hosts. These relationships include fishes, sponges, seaweeds, cnidarians, polychaetes, bryozoans, crustaceans, mollusks, and other echinoderms. For this area, 22 associations were registered, including commensalism, epibionts and parasitism. This work constitutes the first report for the associations of Eucidaris thouarsii with Suberites aff. ficus, E. thouarsii with Ophiothela mirabilis, and Holothuria (Thymiosicia) impatiens with Encheliophis vermicularis. Associations of Pentaceraster cumingi with Zenopontonia soror, and Ophionereis annulata with Malmgreniella cf. variegata are new records for Colombia. This work also expands the range of hosts previously described for Ophiothela mirabilis and expands the distribution of the association between Diadema mexicanum and Echineulima cf. robusta.
Rencontre avec un homme courbe
Authors: Luminet Laurence
Published: March 2020

L’auteur propose une plongée dans le vif d’une relation thérapeutique singulière, caractérisée par une dépression aux composantes obsessionnelle et narcissique. C’est une tentative de rendre compte de certains aspects de cette relation clinique, du point de vue du thérapeute, bousculée dans ses affects. L’empathie, l’accueil ont leur place mais aussi découragement, pulsions sadiques, colère et agressivité. Dans une perspective de champ elles peuvent aussi devenir un fond soutenant et transformateur. L’article se risque à quelques descriptions, repérages cliniques, châteaux de cartes théoriques de cette co-affectation, que la psychanalyse nommerait contre-transfert négatif. On croise aussi l’apport du concept de médium malléable, fond théorique puissant qui souligne l’importance du thérapeute, environnement privilégié du patient. La capacité du thérapeute à se « laisser faire » consciemment devient alors un terrain d’expérimentation relationnelle sécure pour patient et praticien.
Le Comité pour l’élimination de la discrimination raciale : une approche pragmatique des statistiques ethniques (1970-2018)
Authors: Galonnier Juliette , Simon Patrick
Published: March 2020

Le Comité pour l’élimination de la discrimination raciale (CERD) a été mis en place dans le cadre de la Convention internationale éponyme, adoptée en 1965 et aujourd’hui ratifiée par 182 États. Au cours de ses cinquante années d’existence, ses méthodes de travail ont évolué. Dans un souci de documenter la discrimination de fait (et non seulement de droit), le Comité a, entre autres, été amené à demander aux États de se doter de dispositifs statistiques et catégoriels permettant de mesurer les inégalités entre les différentes composantes, dont ethniques et raciales, de leurs populations. Notre analyse des archives du CERD de 1970 à 2018 et les entretiens que nous avons conduits auprès de plusieurs de ses experts actuels montrent comment la demande de données démographiques faisant apparaître entre autres l’origine ethnique ou raciale s’est imposée en dépit de débats internes entre experts et de nombreuses réticences étatiques. Cette mise en évidence d’un tournant pragmatique dans la lutte contre les discriminations contribue à la littérature sur le rôle de la statistique dans la gouvernance globale ainsi qu’à la littérature sur la question raciale au sein des organisations internationales.
Diversité génétique et groupes humains : les travaux du Comité international de bioéthique et les Déclarations de la Conférence générale de l’Unesco (1993-2005)
Authors: Desmoulin-Canselier Sonia
Published: March 2020

La Conférence générale de l’Unesco a adopté trois Déclarations évoquant les données génétiques humaines qui ont été préparées par des sessions et des rapports du Comité international de bioéthique, créé en 1993. Longtemps resté la seule instance mondiale de réflexion en matière de bioéthique, celui-ci n’ignore pas le problème des interprétations racistes des connaissances et des données génétiques, tant au niveau individuel qu’au niveau des populations. L’analyse des actes de sessions et des rapports du Comité, principalement sur la période 1993-2005, et leur comparaison avec les trois Déclarations adoptées en 1997, 2003 et 2005 permettent de rendre compte du lexique et des valeurs des instances et des normes de régulation internationales en matière de bioéthique relativement aux groupes humains et à la diversité génétique. L’objectif est ici d’éclairer la manière dont la catégorisation en groupes humains est problématisée au regard de la montée du paradigme génétique et de la place accordée aux entités intermédiaires entre l’individu et l’espèce.
Mettre la peur à distance par la fabrique collective de la réflexivité
Authors: Geoffray Marie-Laure
Published: March 2020

Il existe désormais de nombreux travaux sur le rapport de l’ethnographe à son terrain, notamment dans le cas des « terrains difficiles ». En revanche, peu de textes abordent la façon dont il·elle travaille dans des contextes ressentis comme anxiogènes. De façon générale, ses émotions font rarement l’objet de comptes rendus ou ne sont abordées qu’indirectement, même quand il·elle raconte son vécu dans des situations où il·elle s’est trouvée en danger. On ne sait donc pas grand-chose sur la façon dont l’expérience de la peur peut déterminer l’accès au terrain ou construire la relation d’enquête. Et surtout, on ne trouve quasiment pas de textes sur les outils grâce auxquels l’ethnographe parvient à objectiver son expérience pour finalement produire les résultats de ses recherches. Pourtant, son rapport aux contraintes du contexte détermine autant son appréhension du terrain que ses capacités à restituer son expérience. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique sur des collectifs contestataires que j’ai menée à Cuba, j’analyse donc non seulement les effets de ces états affectifs mais aussi la façon dont j’ai pu les circonscrire dans la mise en écriture.
Une climatisation des enjeux agricoles par la science ? Les controverses relatives à la climate-smart agriculture
Authors: Hrabanski Marie
Published: March 2020

Les enjeux agricoles ont été longtemps absents des négociations relatives au changement climatique. À la fin des années 2000, une fenêtre d’opportunité s’est toutefois ouverte en faveur de leur mise à l’agenda dans la gouvernance du climat. C’est dans ce contexte qu’a émergé la notion de climate-smart agriculture . Portée d’abord par la FAO, celle-ci a été présentée comme un concept scientifique qui permettait de penser de façon conjointe les enjeux climatiques et les enjeux liés à la sécurité alimentaire. La démarche de process tracing utilisée ici éclaire le cheminement de la notion et, à travers elle, le processus de climatisation des politiques agricoles, en analysant notamment le rôle performatif de la science dans cette dynamique. Deux périodes sont identifiées : celle de l’ouverture en faveur de la mise à l’agenda de l’agriculture dans les négociations internationales sur le climat entre 2001 et 2009, puis celle de la diffusion et de la dépolitisation de la notion à partir de 2010. En proposant un cadrage technique des problèmes, la climate-smart agriculture tend à effet à gommer les controverses politiques dont elle est pourtant porteuse.
Information sur la RSE adaptée au consommateur : de sa nécessité aux conditions de son utilisation
Authors: Lafont Anne-Laurence , Rodhain Angélique
Published: March 2020

Par ses actes d’achat, le consommateur est un acteur potentiellement influent sur la mise en œuvre de la Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises (RSE). Une des conditions à l’exercice de ce pouvoir dépend de son information sur les actions socialement responsables (SR). Or la littérature montre que l’information ainsi que le niveau de connaissances de la RSE par le consommateur sont faibles et constituent des freins à l’achat responsable. À l’aide de 20 entretiens semi-directifs, nous approfondissons la question de la nécessité et des conditions de mise en place d’une information sur la RSE qui soit utile et compréhensible pour le consommateur.
Quand l’Afrique s’éveillera… le management tremblera !
Authors: Frimousse Soufyane
Published: March 2020

Cet article s’intéresse aux impacts du digital dans quelques organisations en Afrique qui amènent à repenser les modèles organisationnels et d’innovation. En effet, certaines entreprises africaines proposent des produits et des services qui dépassent le mimétisme ou le clonage de leurs homologues internationaux. Ces organisations reposent sur de véritables caractéristiques managériales que nous présenterons. Ces success story made in Afrique ne sont-elles pas en train de dessiner les contours du nouveau modèle de management et d’innovation des entreprises à l’ère digitale ?
Finnish consumers’ intentions to consume insect-based foods
Authors: Vartiainen O. , Elorinne A-L. , Niva M. , Väisänen P.
Published: March 2020

Introducing and increasing the use of insect-based foods as an alternative source of protein has recently aroused academic and commercial interest in Europe. In this research, we examined Finnish consumers’ intentions to consume insect-based foods in the near future. As a theoretical background we used Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour (TPB), where individuals’ intentions to change their behaviour are affected by their attitude (A), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioural control (PBC). The data was obtained by using an online questionnaire and convenience sampling. For measuring TPB-components a self-administered 58-item Likert-type questionnaire was used. Food neophobia (FN) was measured by using the food neophobia scale. Respondents’ (n=564) intentions to consume insect-based foods were explained significantly (80%) by their A (β=0.749,P<0.001), SN (β=0.133,P<0.001), and PBC (β=-0.070,P<0.001), and gender (β=0.040,P<0.033). Food neophobia was negatively correlated with the intention to consume insect-based foods, ρ=-0.501,P<0.001. We found that women, students, those under 25 years of age, those living in rural areas and those who had no earlier experience of eating insects had less intention to consume insect-based foods. Based on the respondents’ perceptions of conditions for the consumption of insect-based foods, three clusters of consumers were identified; ‘likely consumers’ (44%), ‘potential consumers’ (39%) and ‘unlikely consumers’ (17%). Based on the findings, reasonable price and convenience are most important issues to potential consumers of insect-based foods.
Current Environmental Health Challenges
Authors: Papadopoulou Paraskevi , Misseyanni Anastasia , Marouli Christina
Published: March 2020

This is the first of two overview chapters of important contemporary environmental health challenges. The exciting developments in the environmental health fields are approached in an interdisciplinary manner covering cutting-edge scientific developments and research. In the first chapter, environmental exposures to a variety of toxins, diseases, and stressors that challenge the individual and affect public health are examined. The handling, storage, big data management related to medical and health-informatics are discussed. Issues such as single gene polymorphisms, gene expression, transcriptomics, epigenetics, metabolomics, exposure to carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, heavy metals, physical hazards, airborne particulates, quality of food and water, toxin metabolism, bioinformatics, and exposome analysis are considered. Important recommendations and solutions are provided emphasizing the collaboration between researchers/scientists and the community.
Current Environmental Health Challenges
Authors: Marouli Christina , Papadopoulou Paraskevi , Misseyanni Anastasia
Published: March 2020

This is part two of two overview chapters of the most important contemporary environmental health challenges. This second chapter discusses environmental health as a socio-political and ethical issue. It argues that effectively moving towards healthier and sustainable societies requires not only sound scientific knowledge but also policies, medical practices, healthcare systems, and health-related attitudes and behaviors that are informed by a deep socio-political understanding and that reflect a new integrated approach to environment and health. The need for contemporary technological societies to develop mechanisms like education, environmental and health governance, and public accountability for environmental health equity and justice is highlighted. The chapter concludes by proposing a multidimensional framework, based on both natural and social sciences, for the transition to healthy and sustainable societies and for improving the welfare of all people, as well as future research directions for environmental health sciences.
Ecological Chemistry of the Natural Waters
Authors: Gladchi Viorica , Bunduchi Elena , Romanciuc Lidia
Published: March 2020

Hydrosphere collects and accumulates the most anthropogenic and natural pollutants released to atmosphere or lithosphere. Polluted water affects life activity of both individual organisms and the water ecosystems. For adequate estimating of natural waters state and quality, the different methods of research, including the study of physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in the aquatic ecosystems were used. The kinetic approach was applied to study the complexity of redox processes in the aquatic medium, redox state of water, and its ability to self-purify both in the surface water objects of the Republic of Moldova and modeling systems. For this purpose, the redox active components in natural waters and their seasonal dynamics were studied by detecting the hydrogen peroxide, OH radicals, and inhibition capacity of natural waters.
Current Approaches of Nanotechnology for Potential Drinking Water Purification
Authors: Singh Rohini , Dutta Suman
Published: March 2020

Uninterrupted supply of adequate and clean drinking water is a fundamental human necessity, and essential to maintain the healthy surroundings. It also influences the development and economic growth, specifically in developing countries. It provides an excellent opportunity for treatment of surface water, groundwater, and wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic solutes, and microorganisms. It facilitates an opportunity to optimize the current conventional techniques and to offer novel and innovative methods of water purification. Various nanomaterials on which purification of contaminated drinking water is based includes nanostructured catalytic membranes, nanosorbents, nanocatalysts, and bioactive nanoparticles. Current and potential applications of nanotechnology in water purification are adsorption, membrane separation processes, photocatalysis, disinfection, and microbial control. This chapter reviews the recent research efforts accomplished in the area of nanotechnology for drinking water purification.
Ionic Liquid-Mediated Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Srivastava Vivek
Published: March 2020

In this chapter, the authors discussed the recent as well as significant development in the synthesis of ionic liquid-mediated nanoparticles (considered a less toxic way to make nanoparticles). Apart from that, they also disused a small background of ionic liquid considering types, properties, and effect of ionic liquid's counterparts on nanoparticles synthesis. There are promising consequences proposing that the ionic liquid route can lead the design and fabrication of nanoparticles through the variety of size, nature, configuration, and functionality. All discussed examples in this chapter clearly depicted that ionic liquids add great value to the area of nanoparticle synthesis.
Ecological Chemistry Aspects of Food Safety
Authors: Sturza Rodica
Published: March 2020

The presented results reflect the researches carried out over the last decade, having as their object the soil, water, vegetal raw materials, and wines from the Republic of Moldova. The analysis of the possible anthropogenic contamination (NAA method) demonstrated the absence of systematic soil pollution. A total of 30 elements were determined in soil samples and the soil-leaves-fruit transfer factors were calculated. Approximately 3000 samples of local wines have been analysed to determine the residual quantities of pesticides. POPs were not found in any of the wine samples. In most of the examined cases (> 60% of samples), the lack of organic pesticide residues was observed. The migration of phthalates into different solutions from polymeric materials (PVC, rubber) and the influence of the temperature on the extraction rate were investigated. It has been shown that the contamination with phthalate residues occurs predominantly at the stage of grape processing, technological treatment, and storage.
The Therapeutic Potential of Ethnobotanical Plants in the Treatment of Different Diseases
Authors: Ramírez-Rosas Martha B. , Perales-Torres Adriana L. , Santiago-Adame Rubén
Published: March 2020

This is an overview of plant use for medicinal applications, a practice from old civilizations still used around the world. According to WHO, nearly 80% of people use herbal medicine plant extracts as their primary health solution. Ethnobotany emerges as a research field to document and understand the traditional knowledge about plants and their roles in society. Diseases like diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and cancer are the predominant challenges to global health, chronic diseases accounting for two-thirds of deaths worldwide. This document discusses ethnobotanical studies on many medicinal plants affecting these diseases.
Phytochemistry and Antigenotoxic Properties of Six Ethnobotanically Important Members From the Family Zingiberaceae
Authors: Nag Anish
Published: March 2020

Genotoxicity is considered as a potential cause of various diseases including cancer. During the last decade, herbal extracts attained a great deal of attention due to its safe and effective applications against various DNA damaging agents. However, the mechanism of DNA strand breaks by various mutagens and genotoxins is often correlated with the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Herbal extracts constitute a number of phytochemicals and those are reported to have considerable antioxidant properties, which are in turn capable of neutralizing ROS mediated DNA damage. The botanical family Zingiberaceae is reported to have significant antioxidant and antigenotoxic potential by various researchers. Among a number of species belonging to this family, six species, namely Alpinia galanga, A. zerumbet, Curcuma amada, C. caesia, Zingiber officinale, and Z. zerumbet, attract notable attention due to their remarkable ethnobotanical and medicinal importance. This chapter deals with phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic properties of these six Zingiberaceous plant extracts.
Ethnopharmacological Properties of Family Asteraceae
Authors: Babu Neelesh , Navneet
Published: March 2020

From ancient time, plants have been utilized as a great source of medicinal products for several types of diseases and disorders. Traditional knowledge is an important source for the development of new drugs. Several studies revealed that traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is being practised among several tribes throughout the world. Many researchers have been evaluated the authenticity of this information. Family Asteraceae got an important place among this medicinal heritage. This is one of the widely distributed families and large numbers of plants have been utilized in various skin-related problems. This chapter highlights the ethnopharmacological properties of this family.
A Review of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used for Treatment of Leucorrhoea in India
Authors: Jain Vartika
Published: March 2020

Leucorrhoea is a common disorder that is prevalent in females. Ethnic communities still treat leucorrhoea with plants that grow in their surroundings due to lack of sufficient medical facilities and/or costly modern treatment. Therefore, the author tried to look for plants used in traditional ethno-medicine and Ayurvedic systems of medicine for treatment of leucorrhoea in India. This review reveals the use of 345 plants by various folk communities and 31 unique plants from Ayurveda, which gives a figure of 376 plant species prevalent in Indian traditional medicine for treatment of leucorrhoea. Further analysis revealed maximum use of roots followed by the leaves and the stem bark of these plants. The chapter indicates 29 highly credible ethnomedicinal plant species with a rating of 5. This review shall prove helpful in screening of potential ethnomedicinal plant species for carrying out further scientific validation studies to assess their efficacy in leucorrhoea, which may contribute to the development of novel phyto-therapeutic molecules for effective treatment.
Gamification Assessment
Authors: Corchuelo Martínez-Azúa Beatriz
Published: March 2020

University education is currently the object of numerous changes related to the implementation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). One of them involves placing the student at the core of the teaching-learning process through the use of active methodologies. During the academic year 2018/2019, with this objective in mind, Gamification was introduced in the subject of Microeconomics as an innovative teaching experience. This was carried out through the use of Kahoot. At the end of the course, the experience was evaluated through an online questionnaire combined with the analysis of the academic results. In general, the innovative experience was positive for the students because it increased their motivation and participation in the classroom, and improved the learning process. The experience also positively affected final results of the participating students.
Learning Management
Authors: Silva de Souza Gustavo Henrique , Coelho Jorge Artur Peçanha de Miranda , Esteves Germano Gabriel Lima , Lima Nilton Cesar
Published: March 2020

This Chapter develops a bibliographic analysis that associates teaching methodologies with cognitive skills to create a structural map of teaching activities that guide the learning process in classroom, basing on student characteristics. Specifically in higher education, the academic formation within the major universities in the entire world goes through a particular problem: lack of effectiveness in the teaching-learning process. This Chapter starts from the premise that the learning management should be used as a strategy for planning the teaching-learning process. A specific theoretically grounded analysis is used to understood a series of learning activities appropriate to cognitive skills, so authors propose a functionalist model of teaching and learning that seeks greater usefulness in the transfer of knowledge in classroom. Thus, the Chapter covers issues such as: experiential learning for teaching questions, Kolb's theory of experiential learning, teaching-learning process, and applications of learning management.
Non-Mandatory Training
Authors: Sutha Jayaranjani
Published: March 2020

Non-mandatory training is seen as an important facilitator in developing individual employees' competencies and the organization's performance. However, previous studies of non-mandatory training in the context of the work environment show a lack of conceptual clarity. A universal definition in work environment settings is missing from published literature. Therefore, this chapter analyzes the concept called non-mandatory training in the work environment setting. To attain this objective, the researcher applied the concept analysis proposed by Walker and Avant. Based on the analysis, a definition of non-mandatory training was established. That definition was used in this study to reconcile the discrepancies between the understanding of the concept by academics and practitioners, and by allied HR professionals, who tended to view it from different perspectives. Proper understanding of basic assumptions can facilitate communication between different educational and work environment settings and enhance the concept clarity and validity for future research.
Youth Start
Authors: Leal Sérgio , Paiva Teresa , Carvalho Luísa Cagica , Figueiredo Ilda , Redford Dana T.
Published: March 2020

The Youth Start – Entrepreneurial Challenges Project (USTART), is a project co-funded by Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union, that promotes practical experiential learning programmes at the compulsory school level by developing an innovative, transferable, and scalable programme through the collaboration of high-level public authorities of Austria, Luxembourg, Portugal, and Slovenia. The USTART programme is designed to be flexible in its application and has intensive and extensive versions making it possible for teachers in all types of schools and from various subjects to use USTART modules in their teaching. This chapter describes the process of implementation of the project in Portugal and the qualitative assessment (through semi-structured interviews) made that was one of the validations supports of the programme. Through USTART it was possible to understand the real difficulties and barriers that teachers and schools have when implementing different methods and programmes, and the good results of the project.
Impact of Crisis on Tourist Destination
Authors: Saqib Natasha
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the impact of crisis events in Kashmir on the demand for tourism in order to establish a better understanding of changes and trends in the demand for tourism. The author has no information to assess the impact of the crisis on the brand image of Kashmir as a tourist destination. The study limits itself to what is a first step in this assessment and assumes that periods of low demand for destination Kashmir are linked in some way to the tourism crisis. The article traces the evolution, growth, pattern, and trends of tourism since independence (1947) of Kashmir. The historical trends in tourist arrivals in Kashmir for a period of over six decades illustrates that tourism has been highly susceptible to crises in Kashmir. The study provides a bottom-up perspective, based on observation, measurement and analysis. Also provided is a contextualization of the tourism crisis and its impact on a tourist destination.
Finance in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Mehmood Mudassar
Published: March 2020

By the end of this chapter, it is expected that one will be able to 1) establish various sources of funding that are available to a business in the hospitality industry in the international market, 2) evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these sources of finance, 3) establish the sources that are available or unavailable for the hospitality business as compared to other industries, 4) evaluate an investment in hospitality industry using various capital budgeting techniques, 5) develop financial statement for businesses in hospitality industry, and 6) evaluate the financial performance of companies in hospitality industry using ratio analysis.
Network Attack Detection With SNMP-MIB Using Deep Neural Network
Authors: Alkasassbeh Mouhammd Sharari , Khairallah Mohannad Zead
Published: March 2020

Over the past decades, the Internet and information technologies have elevated security issues due to the huge use of networks. Because of this advance information and communication and sharing information, the threats of cybersecurity have been increasing daily. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is considered one of the most critical security components which detects network security breaches in organizations. However, a lot of challenges raise while implementing dynamics and effective NIDS for unknown and unpredictable attacks. Consider the machine learning approach to developing an effective and flexible IDS. A deep neural network model is proposed to increase the effectiveness of intrusions detection system. This chapter presents an efficient mechanism for network attacks detection and attack classification using the Management Information Base (MIB) variables with machine learning techniques. During the evaluation test, the proposed model seems highly effective with deep neural network implementation with a precision of 99.6% accuracy rate.
Internal and External Threat Analysis of Anonymized Dataset
Authors: Jindal Saurav , Saini Poonam
Published: March 2020

In recent years, data collection and data mining have emerged as fast-paced computational processes as the amount of data from different sources has increased manifold. With the advent of such technologies, major concern is exposure of an individual's self-contained information. To confront the unusual situation, anonymization of dataset is performed before being released into public for further usage. The chapter discusses various existing techniques of anonymization. Thereafter, a novel redaction technique is proposed for generalization to minimize the overall cost (penalty) of the process being inversely proportional to utility of generated dataset. To validate the proposed work, authors assume a pre-processed dataset and further compare our algorithm with existing techniques. Lastly, the proposed technique is made scalable thus ensuring further minimization of generalization cost and improving overall utility of information gain.
Cybersecurity
Authors: Charfi Selem , Mladenovic Marko
Published: March 2020

Cybersecurity is generally considered as an information security topic, often associated with personal data and information databases: collecting, exposing, corrupting, or deleting these data. However, it is a more global problem, and related to broader aspects, such as controlling cyber-systems. In ICS, the topic of cybersecurity is considered at the operational and responsible level as a secondary threat, and much more as an IT problem. This premise has proven to lead to substantial losses. For example, dangerous aspects in some installation can stress the cybersecurity in ICS, for instance, plants dealing with hazardous materials, as the attackers can take over control of the production lines. This chapter encapsulates points in common on the topic of cybersecurity in IT and ICS. IT has already devoted significant resources into cyber-threats. ICS has yet to do so. To do so, authors review a number of papers dealing with the same topic.
English Speaking Countries and the Culture of Fear
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel
Published: March 2020

The direct intervention or full-scare led wars are ideologically legitimized by the needs of bringing the ideals of American democracy, liberty, freedom and mobility. However, at the bottom, this globalized culture of fear hidden dark interests associated to exploitation. Paradoxically, these types of interventions suggest that terrorism needs the use of force, but in so doing, impotence and deprivation surface. Undoubtedly, Anglo and Latin worlds have created, according to their cultural matrices, diverse tactics to adapt to environment, as the form of understanding the future. While Anglo-countries developed a fascinating attraction to risk and future, the sense of predestination alludes to what today has not occurred yet. Technology only helps to mitigate the temporal effects of uncertainty triggered by the orientation to future.
Dark and Deep Webs-Liberty or Abuse
Authors: Topor Lev
Published: March 2020

While the Dark Web is the safest internet platform, it is also the most dangerous platform at the same time. While users can stay secure and almost totally anonymously, they can also be exploited by other users, hackers, cyber-criminals, and even foreign governments. The purpose of this article is to explore and discuss the tremendous benefits of anonymous networks while comparing them to the hazards and risks that are also found on those platforms. In order to open this dark portal and contribute to the discussion of cyber and politics, a comparative analysis of the dark and deep web to the commonly familiar surface web (World Wide Web) is made, aiming to find and describe both the advantages and disadvantages of the platforms.
Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Ray Lydia
Published: March 2020

Pervasive computing has progressed significantly with a growth of embedded systems as a result of recent advances in digital electronics, wireless networking, sensors and RFID technology. These embedded systems are capable of producing enormous amount of data that cannot be handled by human brains. At the same time, there is a growing need for integrating these embedded devices into physical environment in order to achieve a far better capability, scalability, resiliency, safety, security and usability in important sectors such as healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, energy, agriculture, architecture and many more. The confluence of all these recent trends is the vision of distributed cyber-physical systems that will far exceed the performance of traditional embedded systems. Cyber-physical systems are emerging technology that require significant research in design and implementation with a few important challenges to overcome. The goal of this chapter is to present an overview of basic design and architecture of a cyber-physical system along with some specific applications and a brief description of the design process for developers. This chapter also presents a brief discussion of security and privacy issues, the most important challenge of cyber-physical systems.
Developing a Military Cyber Maturity Model for Multi-Domain Battle Mission Resilience and Success
Authors: Ormrod David , Turnbull Benjamin
Published: March 2020

Modern military forces rely heavily on cyber-enabled systems; for logistics, communication, and control. Modern military platforms are heavily integrated with computing capability. This integration and reliance will only increase over time. Modern military operations require the support of flexible, responsive and resilient cyber-capabilities. Current information system security models and information assurance constructs seek to achieve information assurance, a high degree of certainty in the confidentiality, integrity and availability of cyber-systems supporting combat operations. However, this approach assumes that an information assurance approach is a complete and comprehensive defense. History though, has proven otherwise. This work argues that the information assurance approach, whilst a worthy goal, is not reflective of the lessons of history or warfare. Specifically, this work outlines the need for, and introduces The Military Cyber-Maturity Model, a pragmatic model that assumes a technically capable and intelligent adversary. This model assumes the possibility of an adversary utilizing an unknown vulnerability to attack the system, and expends resources to minimise the impact of the successful attack rather than relying entirely on an impregnable defense. This approach extends beyond the assumption that a cyber-attack immediately causes mission failure, by recognizing that each cyber-attack has different requirements and outcomes and will affect different assets and processes. The Military Cyber-Maturity Model seeks to model business continuity through a high degree of cultural change, embedded work practices that parallel analogue and digital work practices with deceptive counterintelligence behavior. The Military Cyber-Maturity Model incorporates the concepts of behavioral defense and mission assurance to provide agility and increase the likelihood of success in combat. Information deception provides a behavioral defense, creating uncertainty and doubt in the adversary's mind and reducing the degree of trust they have in the information available. This paper introduces the model, outlines its aims, components and justifications. This work also outlines the need for simulation and testing to validate the model's effectiveness, and introduces a number of potential use-cases.
Advances in Digital Forensics Frameworks and Tools
Authors: Abulaish Muhammad , Haldar Nur Al Hasan
Published: March 2020

Digital forensics science is a well-known initiative to unearth computer-assisted crimes. The thriving criminal activities using digital media have changed the typical definition of a traditional crime. Meanwhile, the means and targets of criminal activities have been transformed in a broader context due to the diverse nature of offenses associated with the multiple crime categories, affecting the way of investigations as well. In order to withstand the difficulties caused due to the crime complexity, forensics investigation frameworks are being tuned to adjust with the nature and earnestness of the felonies being committed. This article presents an in-depth comparative survey of fourteen popular and most cited digital forensics process models and various forensics tools associated with different phases of these models. The relationships among these forensics process models and their evolutions are analyzed and a graph-theoretic approach is presented to rank the existing process models to facilitate investigators in selecting an appropriate model for their investigation tasks.
A Framework for Dark Web Threat Intelligence Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Chow KP
Published: March 2020

This article describes how the Dark Web is usually considered the dark side of the World Wide Web. Cyber criminals usually use specialized tools, e.g. TOR, to access the hidden services inside the Dark Web anonymously. Law enforcement officers have difficulty tracing the identity of these cyber criminals using traditional network investigation techniques that are based on IP addresses. The information available in the Dark Web, which includes BitCoin wallets, email addresses, hyperlinks, images and user behavior profiles, can be used for further analysis, such as a correlation analysis. Present within this artcile is a threat intelligence analysis framework to help analyze the crimes and criminals in the Dark Web and the framework is realized by the implementation of the Dark Web Threat Intelligence Analysis (DWTIA) Platform.
A Classification Framework for Data Mining Applications in Criminal Science and Investigations
Authors: Goyal Mahima , Bhatnagar Vishal , Jain Arushi
Published: March 2020

The importance of data analysis across different domains is growing day by day. This is evident in the fact that crucial information is retrieved through data analysis, using different available tools. The usage of data mining as a tool to uncover the nuggets of critical and crucial information is evident in modern day scenarios. This chapter presents a discussion on the usage of data mining tools and techniques in the area of criminal science and investigations. The application of data mining techniques in criminal science help in understanding the criminal psychology and consequently provides insight into effective measures to curb crime. This chapter provides a state-of-the-art report on the research conducted in this domain of interest by using a classification scheme and providing a road map on the usage of various data mining tools and techniques. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities in the application of data mining techniques in criminal investigation is explored and detailed in this chapter.