bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Performance Study of MXene-Regulated Ethylene Glycol-Induced WO3 Film
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Liu Yong , Wang Minmin , Wu Wenjun , Tian Maofei , Zhu Tao
Published: December 2024

This study introduces the development of a W-M1.0 electrochromic film, characterized by a “coral”-like TiO2@WO3 heterostructure, synthesized via a hydrothermal process leveraging the inherent instability of MXene. The film showcases exceptional electrochromic performance, with a coloring response time of 2.8 s, a bleaching response time of 4.6 s, and a high coloring efficiency of 137.02 cm2C−1. It also demonstrates a superior light modulation ability of 73.83% at 1033 nm. Notably, the W-M1.0 film exhibits remarkable cyclic stability, retaining over 90% of its initial light modulation capacity after 4000 cycles, outperforming many existing electrochromic materials. The film’s enhanced performance is credited to its coral-like structure, which boosts the specific surface area and promotes ion transport, and the TiO2@WO3 heterojunctions, which enhance charge transfer and stabilize the material. Devices fabricated with the W-M1.0 film as the cathode and a PB film as the anode exhibit a seamless transition from dark blue to colorless, underscoring their potential for smart window and dynamic glass applications.
Liver Cancer Neuroscience: Regulating Liver Tumors via Selective Hepatic Vagotomy
Authors: Bauer Kylynda C. , Ghabra Shadin , Ma Chi , Chedester Lee , Greten Tim F.
Published: December 2024

Both the prevalence and mortality of liver cancers continue to rise. Early surgical interventions, including liver transplantation or resection, remain the only curative treatment. Nerves in the periphery influence tumor growth within visceral organs. Emerging cancer neuroscience efforts linked parasympathetic vagus nerves with tumor pathology, underscoring the value of vagal nerve denervation methods within cancer mouse models. Here, we describe a selective hepatic vagotomy that largely maintains non-liver parasympathetic innervation in mice. To address vagal interactions in hepatic tumor pathology, we provide an adapted methodology utilizing an established liver metastatic model. We anticipate that this methodology will expand the burgeoning field of cancer neuroscience, enabling the study of the neuroimmune, neurometabolic, and/or nerve–microbiota interactions shaping liver cancer progression and treatment.
Dietary Lipid Quantity and Quality Modulate the Postprandial Metabolomic Profile in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Mora-Ortiz Marina , Yubero-Serrano Elena M. , Priego-Capote Feliciano , Gutierrez-Mariscal Francisco M. , Alcala-Diaz Juan F. , Torres-Peña José D. , Arenas de-Larriva Antonio P. , Delgado-Lista Javier , Perez-Martinez Pablo , Roche Helen M. , López-Miranda José
Published: December 2024

The literature on the postprandial metabolic changes in individuals with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) remains limited, despite the fact that postprandial states represent the most common physiological condition in Western societies. Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the plasma metabolomics profile in both fasting and postprandial states following a high-fat challenge in individuals with MetS who consumed diets with varying quantities and qualities of dietary fat over 12 weeks. Methods: Seventy-five patients with MetS (28 males and 47 females) from the Spanish LIPGENE cohort were included in the study. MetS patients were randomly stratified to follow one of four dietary interventions (isoenergetic diets) for a 12-week long-term study. The four diets were high in saturated fatty acids and high in monounsaturated fatty acids (HSFA and HMUFA), low-fat high-complex carbohydrates (LFHCC), and LFHCC supplemented with n-3. The metabolomics analysis of plasma samples was carried out using Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). Results: We observed a decrease in inflammation biomarkers, including acetylcarnitine and L-carnitine during the fasting state and hexanoyl-L-carnitine and isobutyryl-L-carnitine during the postprandial period, mediated by the replacement of HSFA with HMUFA. Additionally, antioxidant compounds such as 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and L-valine were expressed at higher levels after consumption of the HMUFA diet compared to the HSFA diet. HSFA also presented altered levels of phosphatidylcholine, a metabolite previously linked with insulin resistance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that replacing HSFA with HMUFA may reduce inflammation and improve antioxidant profiles, supporting the potential for tailored dietary interventions in individuals with MetS.
Development of Multiplex Assays for the Identification of Zoonotic Babesia Species
Authors: Calchi Ana Cláudia , Moore Charlotte O. , Bartone Lillianne , Kingston Emily , André Marcos Rogério , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Maggi Ricardo G.
Published: December 2024

More than one-hundred Babesia species that affect animals and humans have been described, eight of which have been associated with emerging and underdiagnosed zoonoses. Most diagnostic studies in humans have used serology or molecular assays based on the 18S rRNA gene. Because the 18S rRNA gene is highly conserved, obtaining an accurate diagnosis at the species level is difficult, particularly when the amplified DNA fragment is small. Also, due to its low copy number, sequencing of the product is often unsuccessful. In contrast, because the Babesia internal transcribed regions (ITS), between 18S rRNA and 5.8S rRNA, and between 5.8S rRNA and 28S rRNA, contain highly variable non-coding regions, the sequences in these regions provide a good option for developing molecular assays that facilitate differentiation at the species level. In this study, the complete ITS1 and ITS2 intergenic regions of different Piroplasmida species were sequenced to add to the existing GenBank database. Subsequently, ITS1 and ITS2 sequences were used to develop species-specific PCR assays and specific single-plex and multiplex conventional (c)PCR, quantitative real-time (q)PCR, and digital (d)PCR assays for four zoonotic Babesia species (Babesia divergens, Babesia odocoilei, Babesia duncani, and Babesia microti). The efficacy of the assay protocols was confirmed by testing DNA samples extracted from human blood or enrichment blood cultures. Primers were first designed based on the 18S rRNA-5.8S rRNA and 5.8S rRNA-28S rRNA regions to obtain the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences derived from different Piroplasmida species (B. odocoilei, Babesia vulpes, Babesia canis, Babesia vogeli, Babesia gibsoni, Babesia lengau, Babesia divergens-like, B. duncani, B. microti, Babesia capreoli, Babesia negevi, Babesia conradae, Theileria bicornis, and Cytauxzoon felis). Subsequently, using these sequences, single-plex or multiplex protocols were optimized targeting the ITS1 region of B. divergens, B. microti, and B. odocoilei. Each protocol proved to be sensitive and specific for the four targeted Babesia sp., detecting 10−2 (for B. microti and B. odocoilei) and 10−1 (for B. divergens and B. duncani) DNA copies per microliter. There was no cross-amplification among the Babesia species tested. Using 226 DNA extractions from blood or enrichment blood cultures obtained from 82 humans, B. divergens (seven individuals), B. odocoilei (seven individuals), and B. microti (two individuals) were detected and identified as a single infection, whereas co-infection with more than one Babesia sp. was documented by DNA sequencing in six (7.3%) additional individuals (representing a 26.8% overall prevalence). These newly developed protocols proved to be effective in detecting DNA of four Babesia species and facilitated documentation of co-infection with more than one Babesia sp. in the same individual.
The Dynamic Role of Curcumin in Mitigating Human Illnesses: Recent Advances in Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Alam Md Shamshir , Anwar Md Jamir , Maity Manish Kumar , Azam Faizul , Jaremko Mariusz , Emwas Abdul-Hamid
Published: December 2024

Herbal medicine, particularly in developing regions, remains highly popular due to its cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and minimal risk of adverse effects. Curcuma longa L., commonly known as turmeric, exemplifies such herbal remedies with its extensive history of culinary and medicinal applications across Asia for thousands of years. Traditionally utilized as a dye, flavoring, and in cultural rituals, turmeric has also been employed to treat a spectrum of medical conditions, including inflammatory, bacterial, and fungal infections, jaundice, tumors, and ulcers. Building on this longstanding use, contemporary biochemical and clinical research has identified curcumin—the primary active compound in turmeric—as possessing significant therapeutic potential. This review hypothesizes that curcumin’s antioxidant properties are pivotal in preventing and treating chronic inflammatory diseases, which are often precursors to more severe conditions, such as cancer, and neurological disorders, like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, while curcumin demonstrates a favorable safety profile, its anticoagulant effects warrant cautious application. This article synthesizes recent studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying curcumin’s actions and evaluates its therapeutic efficacy in various human illnesses, including cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, peptic ulcers, COVID-19, psoriasis, vitiligo, and depression. By integrating diverse research findings, this review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on curcumin’s role in modern medicine and its potential as a multifaceted therapeutic agent.
Green Sol–Gel Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications
Authors: Jesus Juliana , Regadas Joana , Costa Bárbara , Carvalho João , Pádua Ana , Henriques Célia , Soares Paula I. P. , Gavinho Sílvia , Valente Manuel A. , Graça Manuel P. F. , Soreto Teixeira Sílvia
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The unique properties of iron oxide nanoparticles have attracted significant interest within the biomedical community, particularly for magnetic hyperthermia applications. Various synthesis methods have been developed to optimize these nanoparticles. Methods: In this study, we employed a powdered coconut water (PCW)-assisted sol–gel method to produce magnetite nanoparticles for the first time. A comprehensive analysis of the thermal (differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry), structural (X-ray diffraction), morphological (scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy), magnetic (vibrating sample magnetometer and hyperthermia), and biological (cytotoxicity essays) properties was conducted to assess their potential for magnetic hyperthermia. Results: Samples heat-treated at 700 °C and 400 °C (washed powder) for 4 h under argon presented only magnetite in their composition. The micrometer-sized particles exhibited ferrimagnetic behavior, with saturation magnetization values of 37, 76, and 10 emu/g and specific absorption rates (SAR) of 27.1, 19.9, and 14.1 W/g, respectively, for treatments at 350 °C (48 h), 700 °C (4 h), and 400 °C (washed powder, 4 h) under an argon atmosphere. Biological tests showed no cytotoxicity below 10 mg/mL. Conclusions: The findings highlight the potential of PCW-assisted synthesis as a sustainable and efficient strategy for producing pure magnetite, with powder washing preceding the heat treatment enabling the attainment of this phase at lower temperatures. Nevertheless, the micrometer-scale dimensions is observed in the morphological analysis limit their suitability for biomedical applications.
Precisely Tailoring Molecular Structure of Doxorubicin Prodrugs to Enable Stable Nanoassembly, Rapid Activation, and Potent Antitumor Effect
Authors: Feng Chengcheng , Wang Yuting , Xu Jiaxu , Zheng Yanzi , Zhou Wenhu , Wang Yuequan , Luo Cong
Published: December 2024

Background: Achieving a balance between stable drug loading/delivery and on-demand drug activation/release at the target sites remains a significant challenge for nanomedicines. Carrier-free prodrug nanoassemblies, which rely on the design of prodrug molecules, offer a promising strategy to optimize both drug delivery efficiency and controlled drug release profiles. Methods: A library of doxorubicin (DOX) prodrugs was created by linking DOX to fatty alcohols of varying chain lengths via a tumor-responsive disulfide bond. In vitro studies assessed the stability and drug release kinetics of the nanoassemblies. In vivo studies evaluated their drug delivery efficiency, tumor accumulation, and antitumor activity in mouse models. Results: In vitro results demonstrated that longer fatty alcohol chains improved the stability of the nanoassemblies but slowed down the disassembly and drug release process. DSSC16 NAs (hexadecanol-modified DOX prodrug) significantly prolonged blood circulation time and enhanced tumor accumulation, with AUC values 14.2-fold higher than DiR Sol. In 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse models, DSSC16 NAs exhibited notably stronger antitumor activity, resulting in a final mean tumor volume of 144.39 ± 36.77 mm3, significantly smaller than that of all other groups (p < 0.05 by ANOVA at a 95% confidence interval). Conclusions: These findings underscore the critical role of prodrug molecule design in the development of effective prodrug nanoassemblies. The balance between stability and drug release is pivotal for optimizing drug delivery and maximizing therapeutic efficacy.
Correction: Hallan et al. Challenges in the Physical Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 549
Authors: Hallan Supandeep Singh , Sguizzato Maddalena , Esposito Elisabetta , Cortesi Rita
Published: December 2024

In the original publication [...]
Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Macronutrient Mineral Accumulation in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grain
Authors: Aljabri Maha , El-Soda Mohamed
Published: December 2024

The focus on increasing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield at the expense of grain quality and nutrient accumulation can lead to shortages in macronutrient minerals, which are dangerous for human health. This is important, especially in nations where bread wheat is used in most daily dietary regimens. One efficient way to guarantee nutritional security is through biofortification. A genome-wide association mapping approach was used to investigate the genetic basis of the differences in macronutrient mineral accumulation in wheat grains. N, P, K, Na, Ca, and Mg concentrations were measured after a panel of 200 spring wheat advanced lines from the Wheat Association Mapping Initiative were cultivated in the field. The population exhibited a wide range of natural variations in macronutrient minerals. The minerals were found to have strong positive correlations except for magnesium, which had negative correlation patterns with N, P, and K. Furthermore, there were negative correlations between N and each of Ca and Na. Remarkably, genotypes with large yields contained moderate levels of critical metals. Of the 148 significant SNPs above −log10(P) = 3, 29 had −log10(P) values greater than 4. Four, one, and nineteen significant SNPs with a −log10(P) between 4 and 5.8 were associated with N and mapped on chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D, respectively. Three significant SNPs on chromosome A3 were associated with K. Two significant SNPs were associated with Ca and Na and mapped on chromosomes B3 and A4, respectively. Our findings offer crucial information about the genetic underpinnings of nutritional mineral concentration augmentation, which can guide future breeding research to enhance human nutrition.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Seed Shattering Mechanism in Psathyrostachys juncea Using Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing
Authors: Lv Yuru , Yun Lan , Jia Xiaodi , Mu Yixin , Li Zhen
Published: December 2024

Seed shattering (SS) functions are a survival mechanism in plants, enabling them to withstand adverse environmental conditions and ensure reproduction. However, this trait limits seed yield. Psathyrostachys juncea, a perennial forage grass with many favorable traits, is constrained by SS, limiting its broader application. To investigate the mechanisms underlying SS, second-generation Illumina sequencing and third-generation PacBio sequencing were conducted on abscission zone tissues of P. juncea at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after heading. GO enrichment analysis identified several significant biological processes, including the “cell wall macromolecule catabolic process”, “cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process”, “hemicellulose catabolic process”, and “xylan catabolic process”, all involved in cell wall degradation. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were predominantly enriched in pathways related to “starch and sucrose metabolism”, “fructose and mannose metabolism”, “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, “pentose and glucuronate interconversions”, and “galactose metabolism”, each linked to both the synthesis and degradation of the cell wall. Further analysis of the “starch and sucrose metabolism” pathway revealed genes encoding fructokinase, hexokinase, β-glucosidase, sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and endoglucanase, all of which affected cellulose content. Reduced cellulose content can alter cell wall structure, leading to SS. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of SS in P. juncea and offer valuable references for other species within the Poaceae family.
Novel Quasi-Z-Source Inverter with High-Frequency AC Link of High-Proportion Renewable-Energy Power System
Authors: Dong Wenjuan , Wang Xingang , Azan DeLiNuEr , Wang Yuwei , Li Lei
Published: December 2024

Z-source/quasi-z-source inverters can make up for some limitations of traditional voltage-/current-source inverters. In recent years, more and more research has been carried on z-source/quasi-z-source inverters, but most of them are unable to realize input/output galvanic isolation. The proposal of high-frequency isolated z-source/quasi-z-source inverters greatly enriches the topological family of this type of converter but places relatively high voltage stress on the capacitors. In this paper, a novel circuit topology of a quasi-z-source inverter with a high-frequency AC link of a new high-proportion power system is proposed. The operating principle and abnormal operating states, such as discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM) operation and abnormal states caused by component failures, are analyzed. The double closed-loop control strategy is analyzed and designed, and a grid-connected photovoltaic system based on the inverter is designed. The experimental results verify that the presented inverter has advantages such as high-frequency electrical isolation, bi-directional power flow, lower voltage stress on the capacitors, etc.
Autocephaly Reconsidered: Civil Authorities as Autocephaly-Making Factors
Authors: Kalkandjieva Daniela
Published: December 2024

Contemporary scholars share a common vision of the phenomenon of autocephaly as a virtue empowering a local Orthodox church independently to elect its supreme hierarch and run its domestic affairs without the endorsement of another church leader. While the academic discussion on this subject is concentrated on the canonical and theological aspects of autocephaly, the presented study shifts the focus to the involvement of civil authorities in the promotion and abolishment of this ecclesiastical status. It challenges the conventional perception of such interventions as something incidental or a feature of particular political formations. It aims to reveal that civil authorities have been a constant factor in the establishment of new autocephalies since the recognition of Christianity as an official religion in the Roman Empire. For this purpose, the focus falls on the Chalcedonian Eastern Orthodox churches which have centuries-old traditions in autocephaly-related practices from the Edict of Milan (313) to the end of the Cold War. It also takes into account the different legal frameworks within which civil authorities used to validate new autocephalies. On the grounds of this analysis, the concluding remarks reflect on the impact of this experience on the autocephaly-building process in post-atheist areas.
The Effect of Surface Observations on Enhancing the GIIRS Thermodynamic Profile Retrieval
Authors: Deng Chuanhai , Di Di , Li Jun
Published: December 2024

Understanding boundary-layer atmospheric temperature and moisture is essential for advancing our knowledge of the Earth system. This study adopts a one-dimensional variational (1DVAR)-based technique to integrate spaceborne measurement and ground-based observations for improving the retrieval of low-level atmospheric profiles. The performance of the algorithm under different atmospheric and observational scenarios, such as surface-air and skin temperature differences (∆T), surface pressure (Ps), and satellite zenith angle, respectively, has been systematically evaluated using the Geosynchronous Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) on board the Fengyun-4A satellite as an example. Through theoretical information analysis, using both simulated and actual data experiments, this study demonstrates that incorporating ground-based temperature and moisture observations significantly enhances retrieval accuracy with 1DVAR, particularly over elevated terrain. The new algorithm is more effective in low-level temperature retrievals when air temperatures are colder relative to surface-skin temperatures, and it also shows greater benefit for water-vapor retrievals when the temperature difference between the air and the skin is minimal. However, as the zenith angle increases to 55°, the accuracy of temperature retrievals deteriorates, although this is mitigated by the combination of surface-air temperature observations. Notably, the positive impact of surface observations extends to approximately 100–200 hPa above the surface, underscoring the importance of accurate ground-based measurements in conjunction with spaceborne data for atmospheric profiling.
Regional-Scale Detection of Palms Using VHR Satellite Imagery and Deep Learning in the Guyanese Rainforest
Authors: Drouillard Matthew J. , Cummings Anthony R.
Published: December 2024

Arecaceae (palms) play a crucial role for native communities and wildlife in the Amazon region. This study presents a first-of-its-kind regional-scale spatial cataloging of palms using remotely sensed data for the country of Guyana. Using very high-resolution satellite images from the GeoEye-1 and WorldView-2 sensor platforms, which collectively cover an area of 985 km2, a total of 472,753 individual palm crowns are detected with F1 scores of 0.76 and 0.79, respectively, using a convolutional neural network (CNN) instance segmentation model. An example of CNN model transference between images is presented, emphasizing the limitation and practical application of this approach. A method is presented to optimize precision and recall using the confidence of the detection features; this results in a decrease of 45% and 31% in false positive detections, with a moderate increase in false negative detections. The sensitivity of the CNN model to the size of the training set is evaluated, showing that comparable metrics could be achieved with approximately 50% of the samples used in this study. Finally, the diameter of the palm crown is calculated based on the polygon identified by mask detection, resulting in an average of 7.83 m, a standard deviation of 1.05 m, and a range of {4.62, 13.90} m for the GeoEye-1 image. Similarly, for the WorldView-2 image, the average diameter is 8.08 m, with a standard deviation of 0.70 m and a range of {4.82, 15.80} m.
Displacement Estimation Performance of a Cost-Effective 2D-LiDAR-Based Retaining Wall Displacement Monitoring System
Authors: Kim Jun-Sang , Kim Young Suk
Published: December 2024

Monitoring the displacement of retaining walls is essential for maintaining their stability. Traditional displacement monitoring by inclinometer is costly and time-consuming, owing to the need for manual measurements. A recently developed 2D-LiDAR-based retaining wall displacement monitoring system offers advantages over traditional methods, such as easy installation and dismantling, as well as the cost-effective monitoring of three-dimensional displacement compared to terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs). However, a previous study did not account for the actual deformation of the retaining wall, potentially compromising the reliability of the displacement estimation. This study aims to assess the displacement estimation performance of the system by using a retaining wall that simulates real-world deformations, considering key parameters related to the displacement estimation algorithm and the quality of point cloud data. Using the multiple model-to-model cloud comparison algorithm and a developed algorithm for filtering duplicate point cloud data, the system’s average performance across various deformation types yielded mean absolute error (MAE), MAEDmax, and compound error values of 1.7, 2.2, and 2.0 mm, respectively. The results demonstrate that even a 2D-LiDAR, which has lower precision than a TLS, can effectively monitor retaining wall displacement through the post-processing of point cloud data.
A Predictive Compact Model of Effective Travel Time Considering the Implementation of First-Mile Autonomous Mini-Buses in Smart Suburbs
Authors: Udal Andres , Sell Raivo , Kalda Krister , Antov Dago
Published: December 2024

An important development task for the suburbs of smart cities is the transition from rigid and economically inefficient public transport to the flexible order-based service with autonomous vehicles. The article proposes a compact model with a minimal input data set to estimate the effective daily travel time (EDTT) of an average resident of a suburban area considering the availability of the first-mile autonomous vehicles (AVs). Our example case is the Järveküla residential area beyond the Tallinn city border. In the model, the transport times of the whole day are estimated on the basis of the forenoon outbound trips. The one-dimensional distance-based spatial model with 5 residential origin zones and 6 destination districts in the city is applied. A crucial simplification is the 3-parameter sub-model of the distribution of distances on the basis of the real mobility statistics. Effective travel times, optionally completed with psycho-physiological stress factors and psychologically perceived financial costs, are calculated for all distances and transportation modes using the characteristic speeds of each mode of transport. A sub-model of switching from 5 traditional transport modes to two AV-assisted modes is defined by an aggregated AV acceptance parameter ‘a’ based on resident surveys. The main output of the model is the EDTT, dependent on the value of the parameter a. Thanks to the compact and easily adjustable set of input data, the main values of the presented model are its generalizability, predictive ability, and transferability to other similar suburban use cases.
Migration and Segregated Spaces: Analysis of Qualitative Sources Such as Wikipedia Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: López-Otero Javier , Obregón-Sierra Ángel , Gavira-Narváez Antonio
Published: December 2024

The scientific literature on residential segregation in large metropolitan areas highlights various explanatory factors, including economic, social, political, landscape, and cultural elements related to both migrant and local populations. This paper contrasts the impact of these factors individually, such as the immigrant rate and neighborhood segregation. To achieve this, a machine learning analysis was conducted on a sample of neighborhoods in the main Spanish metropolitan areas (Madrid and Barcelona), using a database created from a combination of official statistical sources and textual sources, such as Wikipedia. These texts were transformed into indexes using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and other artificial intelligence algorithms capable of interpreting images and converting them into indexes. The results indicate that the factors influencing immigrant concentration and segregation differ significantly, with crucial roles played by the urban landscape, population size, and geographic origin. While land prices showed a relationship with immigrant concentration, their effect on segregation was mediated by factors such as overcrowding, social support networks, and landscape degradation. The novel application of AI and big data, particularly through ChatGPT and Google Street View, has enhanced model predictability, contributing to the scientific literature on segregated spaces.
Dynamic Simulation of Land Use Change and Assessment of Carbon Storage Based on the PLUS Model: A Case Study of the Most Livable City, Weihai, China
Authors: Li Xudong , Li Chuanrong , Yu Shouchao , Cheng Lijuan , Li Dan , Wang Jiehui , Zhao Hongxia
Published: December 2024

Analyzing and monitoring land use/cover (LULC) changes is critical for improving regional ecosystem service functions and developing strategies for long-term socio-economic development. Exploring future changes in land use and carbon storage under different scenarios is important for optimizing regional ecosystem service functions and formulating sustainable socio-economic development policies. In the present work, we evaluate LULC changes and carbon storage changes in the Rapid Urbanization Area (RUA) of Weihai City from 2000 to 2020 using satellite images. Using five Landsat images, the spatio-temporal dynamics of the LULC changes were measured, using a supervised classification algorithm of the neural net and the intensity analysis techniques in GIS. The Landsat images from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 were categorized into five main land use categories in the researched region: urban areas, woodlands, cultivated areas, bare soil, and water bodies. Our results reveal that urban areas, woodlands, and bare soil increased by about 129.63 km2 (13.29%), 53.07 km2 (5.44%), and 40.99 km2 (4.2%) from 2000 to 2020, respectively. On the contrary, the cultivated areas decreased by 218.35 km2 (22.36%) and the water bodies decreased by 5.44 km2 (0.56%). To summarize, the conversion of cultivated areas into urban areas has been the most significant transformation in the RUA during the period 2000–2020. Regarding carbon storage, in the study area, it decreased by 14.92 × 104 t from 2000 to 2020. Moreover, according to the prediction of the LULC changes for 2030 by the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model, the cultivated areas and carbon storage will continue to decline. The slow increase in woodland brings good ecological benefits. But the sharp reduction in the per capita cultivated areas will bring environmental and socio-economic problems to the RUA. Therefore, it is time to strengthen the implementation of cultivated area protection policy. Monitoring and managing LULC changes are critical for establishing relationships between policy choices, regulatory measures, and future LULC operations, especially because many potential concerns remain in the RUA territories.
Green Human Resources Management and Green Performance: A Mediation–Moderation Mechanism for Green Innovation and Green Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Makumbe William
Published: December 2024

As the ‘green version’ of the Human Resources Management concept is under-explored, this investigation sought to examine the effect of intervening variables on the relationship between Green Human Resources Management (GHRM) and green performance in the SME sector. Drawing upon the Ability Motivation theory, this study examined green innovation as a mediator and green knowledge sharing as a moderator of the GHRM–green performance relationship. This study employed the partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyse 364 responses from senior managers in the SME sector in Zimbabwe. The empirical results confirmed that while GHRM profoundly impacted green performance, green innovation partially mediated the relationship between the two variables. Study results also established that green knowledge sharing positively moderated the relationship between GHRM and green innovation. This research signifies the effect of GHRM, green knowledge sharing, and green innovation on the SME’s sustainability and environmental management performance. These results are essential for managerial decision-making.
Impact Assessment of Socio-Economic Scenarios on a Water Quality Swale: An Exploratory Analysis with WinSLAMM
Authors: Ekka Sujit A. , Hathaway Jon M. , Hunt William F.
Published: December 2024

Sustainable long-term performance of water quality swales, a common stormwater control measure (SCM), requires a futuristic view that considers the impact of socio-economic conditions. The impact of five socio-economic scenarios on a water quality swale in Knightdale, North Carolina, USA, was assessed using WinSLAMM, a stormwater quality model. Scenarios included changing annual average daily traffic (AADT) and maintenance regimes mimicking environmental protection and degradation. Statistical performance evaluation criteria (e.g., RMSE, R2) were used to assess model suitability and calibration for runoff volume and sediment. Results indicated that sediment delivery to the swale increased with AADT, and reduced maintenance negatively impacted swale performance. While the reduced AADT during the COVID-19 pandemic provided short-term water quality benefits, a lack of maintenance impacted treatment through the swale. SCM inspection and maintenance is critical for accommodating increased AADT and enhancing swale life-cycle. This exploratory impact assessment focused on the socio-economic axis of climate change scenario framework and underscored the importance of sound environmental policies for sustainable swale performance. Future studies are needed in other areas to influence local environmental policies.
Beneficial Microorganisms: Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria Modulate Salt and Drought Stress Responses in the Halophyte Plantago coronopus L.
Authors: Koźmińska Aleksandra , Hassan Mohamad Al , Halecki Wiktor , Kruszyna Cezary , Hanus-Fajerska Ewa
Published: December 2024

Land degradation due to salinity and prolonged drought poses significant global challenges by reducing crop yields, depleting resources, and disrupting ecosystems. Halophytes, equipped with adaptive traits for drought and soil salinity, and their associations with halotolerant microbes, offer promising solutions for restoring degraded areas sustainably. This study evaluated the effects of halophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), specifically Halothiobacillus halophilus, on the physiological and biochemical responses of the halophyte Plantago coronopus L. under drought and salt stress. We analyzed the accumulation of ions (Na, Cl, K) and sulfur (S), along with growth parameters, glutathione levels, photosynthetic pigments, proline, and phenolic compounds. Drought significantly reduced water content (nearly 10-fold in plants without SOB and 4-fold in those with SOB). The leaf growth tolerance index improved by 70% in control plants and 30% in moderately salt-stressed plants (300 mM NaCl) after SOB application. SOB increased sulfur content in all treatments except at high salinity (600 mM NaCl), reduced toxic sodium and chloride ion accumulation, and enhanced potassium levels under drought and moderate salinity. Proline, total phenolic, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were highest in drought-stressed plants, regardless of SOB inoculation. SOB inoculation increased GSH levels in both control and 300 mM NaCl-treated plants, while GSSG levels remained constant. These findings highlight the potential of SOB as beneficial microorganisms to enhance sulfur availability and improve P. coronopus tolerance to moderate salt stress.
Research on the Influence of Symmetrical Installation of Blade on the Sediment Erosion in a Multi-Stage Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Song Xijie , Zhu Kuizheng , Wang Zhengwei
Published: December 2024

Double suction pumps are widely used in the Yellow River in the China water intake pump stations, which face serious sediment wear. A prediction model for gap erosion in gas-liquid solid three-phase flow was constructed. A gas core factor has been added to the gap erosion model to achieve accurate prediction of particle impact velocity and impact angle caused by cavitation air core deformation. The influence mechanism of cavitation flow and sand-laden suction vortex on the sediment erosion. Usually, double suction pumps are one type. This study aims to explore the effects of the symmetrical and asymmetrical installation of double suction pump impellers on the wear and energy dissipation of pumps under sediment conditions in three-stage centrifugal pumps. The research results indicate that under symmetrical installation, the wear of the impeller caused by sediment impact is significantly intensified with a maximum velocity of 27 m/s. In contrast, asymmetric installation significantly improves sediment wear, with a maximum velocity of 24.3 m/s. By optimizing the staggered angle on both sides of the impeller, it was found that when the staggered angle was set to 10.85°, the performance of the pump under sediment conditions reached its optimal level, with a minimal erosion rate of 0.000008 kg·m−2·s−1. These results provide an important basis for the design and optimization of three-stage centrifugal pumps in sediment transport and have significant theoretical significance and engineering application value.
Practical Canonical Labeling of Multi-Digraphs via Computer Algebra
Authors: Liu Jiang , Yang Siyu , Liu Wencheng , Ni Feng , Zhu Chenfan
Published: December 2024

Practical algorithms for computing canonical forms of multi-digraphs do not exist in the literature. This paper proposes two practical approaches for finding canonical forms, from the perspective of nD symbolic computation. Initially, the approaches turn the problem of finding canonical forms of multi-digraphs into computing canonical forms of indexed monomials in computer algebra. Then, the first approach utilizes the double coset representative method in computational group theory for canonicalization of indexed monomials and shows that finding the canonical forms of a class of multi-digraphs in practice has polynomial complexity of approximately O((k+p)2) or O(k2.1) by the computer algebra system (CAS) tool Tensor-canonicalizer. The second approach verifies the equivalence of canonicalization of indexed monomials and finding canonical forms of (simple) colored tripartite graphs. It is found that the proposed algorithm takes approximately O((k+2p)4.803) time for a class of multi-digraphs in practical implementation, combined with one of the best known graph isomorphism tools Traces, where k and p are the vertex number and edge number of a multi-digraph, respectively.
Assessing the Potential Synergistic/Antagonistic Effects of Citrinin and Cannabidiol on SH-SY5Y, HepG2, HEK293 Cell Lines, and Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Rašić Dubravka , Zandona Antonio , Katalinić Maja , Češi Martin , Kopjar Nevenka
Published: December 2024

The increasing use of Cannabis sativa products for medicinal, dietary, and recreational purposes has raised concerns about mycotoxin contamination in cannabis and hemp. Mycotoxins persist in these products’ post-processing, posing health risks via multiple exposure routes. This study investigated cytotoxic and genotoxic interactions between cannabidiol (CBD) and the mycotoxin citrinin (CIT) using human cell models: SH-SY5Y, HepG2, HEK293, and peripheral blood lymphocytes. IC50 values and membrane disruption were initially assessed, followed by an evaluation of genotoxicity in lymphocytes using the Comet Assay and Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus Cytome Assay. Obtained findings demonstrate that cell-type sensitivity varied across treatments, with combined CBD and CIT exposure exhibiting distinct interactions. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release remained minimal, suggesting cytotoxicity did not stem from membrane disruption but likely involved intracellular pathways. In lymphocytes, CBD alone produced negligible cyto/genotoxic effects and weak antiproliferative responses, whereas CIT displayed clear toxic impacts. DNA damage indicates that CIT may induce genome instability through indirect mechanisms rather than direct DNA interaction, with evidence of potential aneuploidic effects from the CBMN Cyt Assay. Combined exposure led to a reduction in CIT-induced DNA and cytogenetic damage, suggesting CIT’s potential interference with the beneficial properties of CBD. These results provide a foundation for further toxicological assessments and highlight the necessity of standardized mycotoxin monitoring in cannabis-derived products.
Inclusion of Labor Migrants as a Potential Key Population for HIV: A Nationwide Study from Tajikistan
Authors: Kwan Brian , Torabzadeh Hamid R. , Akinwalere Adebimpe O. , Nguyen Julie , Cortez Patricia , Abdullozoda Jamoliddin , Yusufi Salomudin J. , Alaei Kamiar , Alaei Arash
Published: December 2024

Key populations are particularly vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Nearly half of Tajikistan’s gross domestic product (GDP) originates from labor migrant transfers. While not officially designated as a key population, over 300,000 migrants return to Tajikistan every year at increased risk for HIV due to absence or interruption of treatment, change in risky behaviors, and other factors. We analyzed cross-sectional data from the national registry system operated by the Tajikistan Ministry of Health and Social Protection of individuals (n = 10,700) who had been diagnosed with HIV from 1 January 2010 to 30 May 2023. Individual HIV cases resided in five regions: Districts of Republican Subordination (DRS), Dushanbe (Tajikistan’s capital city), Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (GBAO), Khatlon, and Sughd. We developed logistic regression models to investigate the relationships between key population status and demographic characteristics. GBAO has the largest proportion of labor migrants (49.59%), which is much larger than that of the other regions (<32%). In contrast to other key populations, there was a larger proportion of HIV cases in rural areas that were labor migrants (23.25%) in comparison to urban areas (16.05%). In multivariable analysis, the odds of being a labor migrant were 6.248 (95% CI: 4.811, 8.113), 2.691 (95% CI: 2.275, 3.184), and 1.388 (95% CI: 1.155, 1.668) times larger if a case was residing in GBAO, Sughd, or DRS, compared to Dushanbe, respectively. Our research contributes to the field by proposing to expand the definition of key population to include labor migrants in Central Asia who should be emphasized as a vulnerable population at high risk of HIV. We encourage policy action to provide designated HIV funding for labor migrants, increase international attention, and promote potential modifications of national regulations and/or laws regarding prevention and treatment of HIV among non-citizen populations.
Sxt1, Isolated from a Therapeutic Phage Cocktail, Is a Broader Host Range Relative of the Phage T3
Authors: Iarema Polina , Kotovskaya Oksana , Skutel Mikhail , Drobiazko Alena , Moiseenko Andrei , Sokolova Olga , Samitova Alina , Korostin Dmitriy , Severinov Konstantin , Isaev Artem
Published: December 2024

Using Escherichia coli BW25113 as a host, we isolated a novel lytic phage from the commercial poly-specific therapeutic phage cocktail Sextaphage® (Microgen, Russia). We provide genetic and phenotypic characterization of the phage and describe its host range on the ECOR collection of reference E. coli strains. The phage, hereafter named Sxt1, is a close relative of classical coliphage T3 and belongs to the Teetrevirus genus, yet its internal virion proteins, forming an ejectosome, differ from those of T3. In addition, the Sxt1 lateral tail fiber (LTF) protein clusters with those of the phages from the Berlinvirus genus. A comparison of T7, T3, and Sxt1 LTFs reveals the presence of insertions leading to the elongation of Sxt1 tail fibers, which, together with the difference in the HRDRs (host range-determining regions), might explain the expanded host specificity for the Sxt1.
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Sand–Gravel Brine Deposits in the Mahai Basin of the Northern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Bai Hongkui , Pan Tong , Han Guang , Fan Qishun , Miao Qing , Bu Haiyi
Published: December 2024

The sand–gravel brine deposit in the Mahai Basin is a newly discovered large-scale potassium–bearing brine deposit. The potassium–bearing brine is primarily found at depths exceeding 150 m within the porous alluvial and fluvial sand–gravel reservoir of the Middle to Lower Pleistocene. This deposit is characterized by a relatively shallow water table, moderate–to–strong aquifer productivity, high salinity, and a KCl content that meets the conditions for exploitation, with the advantage of reduced salt crystallization during well mining, making it a potential reserve base for potash development. A geochemical analysis of the sand–gravel brine revealed consistent trends for the major ions K+, Na+, Mg2+, Cl−, and SO42− along the east–west axis of the alluvial fan, while Ca2+ showed an opposite trend compared to Mg2+. Along the exploration lines from north to south, the concentrations of the main ions gradually increase. The brine is enriched in Na+ and Cl− ions, while SO42− and HCO3− are depleted. In the K+-Na+-Mg2+/Cl−-H2O (25 °C) quaternary phase diagram, the brine falls within the halite stability field, with the hydrochemical type classified as chloride type. The brine coefficient characteristics indicate a multi-source origin involving residual evaporation, salt rock leaching, and metamorphic sedimentary brine. Comparison studies of the ionic composition and isotopic signatures (δD, δ18O, δ37Cl, and δ7Li) of deep sand–gravel brines in the study area with interstitial and confined brines in the southern depression suggest similar geochemical characteristics between them. The genetic analysis of the deposit proposes that during the basin tectonic evolution, the potassium-rich interstitial and confined brines originally located in the southern depression of the Mahai Basin were displaced under compressional forces and migrated northward as the depositional center shifted, eventually backfilling into the loose alluvial and fluvial sand and gravel reservoirs at the front of the Saishiteng Mountains, forming the deep sand–gravel brine deposits in the foreland.
Стратегия ОАО РАО «ЕЭС России» — новый взгляд, или Еще раз о взаимопонимании
Authors: Козин Юрий Анатольевич
Published: December 2024

Автор развивает идею о необходимости доходчивого разъяснения миссии стратегии крупного холдинга (на примере РАО «ЕЭС России») в том случае, если эта стратегия широко декларируется. Равно необходимо, по мнению автора, в контексте происходящих изменений применять новые подходы к стратегическому процессу и внятно объяснять их суть — во избежание того, что общество может воспринять подобную стратегию как программу, нацеленную на повышение благосостояния узкой группы лиц.
Strength of bending concrete filled steel elements of improved design
Authors: Krishan A. L. , Kolesnikov V. D. , Rimshin V. I. , Astafeva M. A. , Likhidko M. A.
Published: December 2024

An improved design of concrete filled steel tube element of rectangular cross-section subjected to bending has been proposed, which has greater strength and requires significantly greater energy consumption for destruction compared to known analogues. To test the effectiveness of the proposed design, experimental studies were carried out on the strength of normal sections and the beam rigidity of concrete filled steel tube beams under four-point bending. Research has shown that by simultaneously strengthening the compressed and tensile zones, it was possible to increase the strength of normal sections of beams. The increase in strength of beams of the improved design averaged 42%. The rigidity of non-reinforced concrete filled steel tube beams turned out to be significantly higher compared to beams without filling the steel pipe with concrete. In the improved beams, the stiffness was still approximately 20% higher. The results of comparing the calculated strength of concrete filled steel tube beams using the limit force method with experimental data indicate their satisfactory agreement.