bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilisation des sédiments d’envasement de barrages comme matières premières locales dans la production des briques
Authors: Nedloussi Fatima , Benamara Lakhdar , Ouhba Kamal
Published: May 2019

L’objectif de notre travail est d’utiliser les sédiments de dragage du barrage de Gargar (Algérie) dans le domaine de l’industrie des matériaux de construction. Cette industrie possède un caractère stratégique dans les pays en développement : outre son poids économique considérable, elle favorise le dynamisme de son principal client, l’industrie du bâtiment et des travaux publics. Celle-ci contribue pour une large part à l’investissement national et au développement de l’industrie des matériaux de construction locaux. La disponibilité locale de matériaux de construction est un enjeu vital du développement pour les raisons suivantes : elle correspond à une demande essentielle des populations les plus démunies pour obtenir un logement à un coût acceptable, elle structure le développement des autres branches et elle constitue l’une des principales articulation des secteurs modernes et informels de production. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les caractéristiques physiques et minéralogiques des sédiments d’envasement du barrage de Gargar (wilaya de Relizane) permettent leur utilisation dans l’industrie des briques, en comparaison avec celles produites actuellement, et ceci pour réduire les coûts de dévasement des barrages et protéger l’environnement des quantités importantes que présentent ces particules qui ne sont pas exploitées.
Improvement of high-temperature initial oxidation behavior of HR3C austenitic heat-resistant steel using silicon modification: experimental and first-principle study
Authors: Gao Tao , Wang Jian , Dong Nan , Han Peide
Published: May 2019

A novel silicon-containing austenitic stainless steel with excellent high-temperature initial oxidation resistance was prepared by adding 2.5 wt.% Si and modifying composition of the HR3C steels. Compared with HR3C steel, the oxidation resistance property of the steels containing silicon was markedly better at 800 °C. The high temperature oxidation mechanism of the steels containing silicon was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectrum (EDS) system, X-ray diffraction (XRD), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), and first-principles calculations. The results show that the Si atom in the 22Cr-25Ni-2.5Si steel initially diffused from the matrix to the surface and then reacted with O2 to form SiO2. The SiO2 had an inhibiting effect on the diffusion of Cr from matrix resulting in maintenance of the stability of the oxidation film and improvement of the oxidation resistance as compared with the HR3C.
The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions for multiple objective fractional interval valued optimization problems
Authors: Debnath Indira P. , Gupta Shiv K.
Published: May 2019

In this article, we focus on a class of a fractional interval multivalued programming problem. For the solution concept, LU-Pareto optimality and LS-Pareto, optimality are discussed, and some nontrivial concepts are also illustrated with small examples. The ideas of LU-V-invex and LS-V-invex for a fractional interval problem are introduced. Using these invexity suppositions, we establish the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions for the problem assuming the functions involved to be gH-differentiable. Non-trivial examples are discussed throughout the manuscript to make a clear understanding of the results established. Results obtained in this paper unify and extend some previously known results appeared in the literature.
Évaluer la pollution des milieux aquatiques avec l’ADN des diatomées : où en sommes-nous ?
Authors: Vasselon V. , Rimet F. , Domaizon I. , Monnier O. , Reyjol Y. , Bouchez A.
Published: May 2019

L’évaluation de l’état écologique des cours d’eau repose sur le calcul d’indices de qualité basés sur la sensibilité de certains groupes biologiques, dont les diatomées, à la pollution. La détermination et la quantification des espèces de diatomées reposent généralement sur des méthodes d’identification morphologique en microscopie qui peuvent paraître complexes, chronophages et relativement onéreuses. Au cours de la dernière décennie, une nouvelle méthode de biologie moléculaire basée sur l’ADN a été développée, permettant d’identifier les espèces sur la base de critères génétiques plutôt que sur des critères morphologiques : le métabarcoding. En combinaison avec les technologies de séquençage à haut débit, le métabarcoding permet d’identifier l’ensemble des espèces présentes au sein d’un échantillon environnemental et de traiter plusieurs centaines d’échantillons en parallèle. Cet article présente les résultats de deux études récentes menées sur les cours d’eau de Mayotte (2013-2018) et de France métropolitaine (2016-2018), visant à tester le potentiel d’application du métabarcoding pour la bio-indication au sens de la directive cadre sur l’eau (DCE). Nous abordons les différents développements méthodologiques et optimisations qui ont été réalisés pour fiabiliser les inventaires taxonomiques de diatomées produits en métabarcoding, notamment en matière de quantification des espèces basée sur l’abondance relative des séquences ADN. Nous présentons ensuite les résultats d’application de l’approche moléculaire pour l’évaluation de l’état écologique de plus de 500 sites de cours d’eau nationaux, en les confrontant avec les résultats obtenus via l’approche classique en morphologie. Finalement, nous discutons du potentiel d’application en routine du métabarcoding à l’échelle des réseaux de surveillance des cours d’eau, de ses limites d’application et proposons certaines recommandations pour une future implémentation complémentaire à l’approche morphologique actuellement prescrite dans les arrêtés réglementaires.
Importance des émissions d’origine domestique dans les réseaux d’assainissement urbains : cas des alkylphénols, phtalates et parabènes dans l’agglomération parisienne
Authors: Moilleron R. , Bergé A. , Deshayes S. , Rocher V. , Eudes V. , Bressy A.
Published: May 2019

La note technique ministérielle du 12 août 2016 explique les modalités de la recherche de micropolluants dans les eaux usées traitées et dans les eaux brutes des stations de traitement des eaux usées sur le territoire métropolitain. Cette note constitue une feuille de route pour les collectivités relevant de son application pour favoriser le développement de plans d’actions contribuant à la réduction des émissions de 96 micropolluants. Il s’agit de favoriser des actions de réduction à la source afin de limiter les flux arrivant aux stations de traitement des eaux usées. Un levier d’action qui semble naturel aux collectivités est le contrôle des émissions issues des industries présentes sur les bassins versants considérés. L’article s’intéresse à une autre source d’apport aux flux de polluants qui n’est pas nécessairement prise en compte : les eaux domestiques. Dans le cas de l’agglomération parisienne, densément urbanisée et faiblement industrialisée, nous avons montré que la contamination des eaux usées d’origine domestique est majoritaire par rapport à la contamination des eaux usées d’origine industrielle pour trois familles de micropolluants : les alkylphénols et les phtalates, relevant de la liste de la note technique, d’une part, et les parabènes, micropolluants émergents d’intérêt, d’autre part. Ensuite, l’étude de la qualité des eaux grises a permis d’identifier les eaux de douche et de lave-linge comme sources principales d’émission de ces trois familles de micropolluants dans les eaux usées domestiques et donc d’identifier des pistes de réduction. Enfin, la diminution des concentrations observées, entre 2010 et 2015, dans les principaux émissaires de l’agglomération parisienne, a permis de comprendre les déterminants de ces fluctuations (réglementations et/ou pratiques de consommation) afin d’imaginer d’autres leviers d’action pour les collectivités.
Retour d’expériences national sur les bassins d’orage en réseau unitaire
Authors: Berthier E. , Finck J.-S. , Le Gall A. , Wagner R. , Gérolin A. , Khalifa A. , Bouillaguet F. , Warusfel O. , De Bortoli J.-C. , Anstett L.
Published: May 2019

Le développement des systèmes d’assainissement s’appuie souvent sur des structures construites il y a plusieurs décennies. Ceux-ci font face à une augmentation des niveaux d’exigence qui leur sont assignés. C’est notamment le cas en France des performances des systèmes de collecte par temps de pluie avec la parution de l’arrêté du 21 juillet 2015 relatif aux systèmes d’assainissement. En collaboration avec l’Agence française pour la biodiversité (AFB), le Groupement pour l’évaluation des mesures en continu dans les eaux et l’assainissement (Gemcea), le ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire et les agences de l’eau, le Centre d’études et d’expertise sur les risques, l’environnement, la mobilité et l’aménagement (Cerema) a mené le projet REx-BO consistant en un vaste retour d’expériences sur les bassins d’orage implantés sur les réseaux d’assainissement unitaires. L’objet du projet était de comprendre, à partir de la littérature et de travaux de terrain, comment les gestionnaires/exploitants avaient eu recours à cette technique pour optimiser le fonctionnement de leur système, notamment par temps de pluie, et de collecter des informations techniques et financières quant au fonctionnement, à la conception, au dimensionnement et à l’efficacité de ce type d’ouvrages. À travers une recherche bibliographique générale, des entretiens réalisés auprès de 17 maîtres d’ouvrage/exploitants, et un focus spécifique réalisé sur les usages de la métrologie autour des bassins d’orage, le projet a permis de tirer de nombreux éléments et enseignements à l’intention des acteurs opérationnels. Cet article présente le contexte et la méthodologie du retour d’expérience. Les principaux éléments sont ensuite synthétisés, notamment ceux relatifs à la conception, au dimensionnement, à la métrologie, ainsi que les points d’attention majeurs à considérer pour assurer le bon fonctionnement d’un ouvrage. L’article souligne tout d’abord l’intérêt d’inscrire la réalisation d’un (ou plusieurs) bassin(s) d’orage dans une stratégie globale de gestion du système d’assainissement. Pour ce qui concerne la conception et le dimensionnement, l’étude a permis de mettre en lumière un recours fréquent à des logiciels d’hydraulique urbaine, qui semble même être quasi systématique pour les ouvrages de taille importante.
Endometrial Flushing Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin 2 Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Leiomyoma and Endometrioma: Comparison with Healthy Controls
Authors: Demir Mustafa , Kalyoncu Senol , Ince Onur , Ozkan Bulent , Kelekci Sefa , Saglam Gulcan , Sutcu Recep , Yilmaz Bulent
Published: May 2019

Introduction An important open question in the literature is whether endometrial receptivity marker levels are different in infertility related diseases than healthy women. The aim of the study is to compare the levels of interleukin two (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) during the implantation window in the endometrial flushing fluid of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometrioma, leiomyoma patients with healthy controls.

Material and Methods In this case control study, after obtaining endometrial flushing fluids at mid-luteal phase of ovulatory women with PCOS (n = 20), endometrioma (n = 19), leiomyoma (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20), IL-2 and TNF-α levels were measured using ELISA kits in BioTek ELISA devices.

Results Mean TNF-α levels (ng/mL) were similar for the PCOS (305.6, p = 0.220) and the leiomyoma group (246.3, p = 0.502) compared to healthy patients (261.1). However, the levels were higher in the endometrioma group (338.2, p = 0,004) than the control group (261.1) in a statistically significant way. Mean IL-2 levels (ng/mL) were significantly lower in the PCOS (290.9, p = 0.0005), the leiomyoma (282.9, p = 0.0002) and the endometrioma patients (229.5, p = 0.0009) than the control group (416.0).

Conclusion Relative to the control group, endometrial flushing fluid TNF-α levels were significantly higher in endometrioma patients and IL-2 levels were significantly lower in PCOS, leiomyoma and endometrioma patients. In benign gynecological diseases, endometrial markers related to infertility seem to show differences in endometrial flushing fluid. Future studies might identify the reference values for these markers, and endometrial markers can be used to diagnose gynecologic disorders causing infertility.
Hygienestandards bei der ultraschallgesteuerten Stanzbiopsie an der Mamma
Authors: Heil Jörg , Hug Sarah , Martiny Heike , Golatta Michael , Feisst Manuel , Madjar Helmut , Bader Werner , Hahn Markus
Published: May 2019

Ziel Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, eine Übersicht von über die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin zertifizierten Experten über durchgeführte Hygienemaßnahmen bei der ultraschallgeführten Stanzbiopsie der Mamma zu erhalten, um daraus in Kenntnis der vorliegenden Literatur und mangels evidenzbasierter Leitlinien aktuelle Handlungsempfehlungen für die klinische Routine abzuleiten.

Material und Methode Es wurde eine Umfrage unter allen Mitgliedern der Stufe I–III des Arbeitskreises Mamma-Sonografie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin durchgeführt. Erfragt wurde die Einschätzung eines Infektionsrisikos bei der Stanzbiopsie der Mamma und welche Hygienemaßnahmen in der Praxis durchgeführt werden, um eine Infektion zu vermeiden.

Ergebnisse Das Risiko für eine Infektion nach einer Stanzbiopsie der Mamma wurde im Median auf 1 Promille geschätzt. Die häufigsten durchgeführten Hygienemaßnahmen waren eine Sprüh-Wisch-Sprüh-Desinfektion (98,1 %) und die Verwendung steriler Handschuhe (54,7 %).

Schlussfolgerungen Aufgrund des sehr geringen Infektionsrisikos empfehlen wir, in der Routine Handschuhe zu nutzen und eine adäquate Hautdesinfektion durchzuführen. Der Kontakt des Schallkopfes oder eines unsterilen Kontaktmediums mit der Biopsie-Nadel wird als äußerst unwahrscheinlich eingeschätzt und sollte vermieden werden.
Wenn das Essen im Krankenhaus nicht ausreicht
Authors: Balz Stephanie
Published: May 2019

Die einen nehmen zu wenig Eiweiß zu sich, bei den anderen fehlt es an Vitaminen, wieder andere essen schlicht zu wenig, um ihren Energiebedarf zu decken: Fast jeder dritte Patient, der stationär in eine internistische Klinik aufgenommen wird, zeigt Anzeichen für eine Mangelernährung; von den älteren Patienten sogar über die Hälfte. Dieser Mangel wirkt sich schlecht auf das Wohlbefinden und den Krankheitsverlauf der Betroffenen aus. Eine Studie aus der Schweiz belegt nun sehr eindrücklich, dass Patienten von einem Ernährungsscreening und einer entsprechenden ernährungsmedizinischen Betreuung in der Klinik profitieren. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin e. V. (DGEM) nimmt die im Lancet erschienene Studie zum Anlass, auf die große Bedeutung eines systematischen Ernährungsscreenings und eines begleitenden Ernährungsmanagements für den Verlauf von Erkrankungen hinzuweisen.
Versorgung von Patienten mit peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit
Authors: Freisinger Eva , Malyar Nasser , Reinecke Holger
Published: May 2019

Mit einer Inzidenz von weltweit mehr als 200 Millionen Menschen stellt die periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) eine ernst zu nehmende Erkrankung dar, deren Prognose oftmals unterschätzt wird. Daher ist eine frühzeitige Diagnose, verbunden mit der Einleitung optimaler therapeutischer und sekundärpräventiver Maßnahmen außerordentlich wichtig, um den Krankheitsverlauf günstig zu beeinflussen. Zum diagnostischen Screening hat sich als Standard die sog. Ankle-Brachial-Index-Messung (ABI-Messung) etabliert. Bei Nachweis einer pAVK ist eine optimale medikamentöse Therapie (Statin in allen Stadien, Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer ab Stadium IIa nach Fontaine) einzuleiten. Darüber hinaus sollte die Möglichkeit einer revaskularisierenden Therapie ab dem Stadium IIb nach Fontaine geprüft und bei kritischer Extremitätenischämie mit Ruheschmerzen und/oder akralen Ulzera und Nekrosen fachkundig durchgeführt werden. Bei der Hälfte aller pAVK-Patienten ist auch eine koronare Herzkrankheit nachweisbar, daher ist die Diagnostik und Behandlung kardiovaskulärer Co-Morbiditäten von außerordentlicher Bedeutsamkeit. Auch begleitende modifizierbare kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren wie Bluthochdruck, Diabetes sowie chronische Nieren- und Herzinsuffizienz sollten in regelmäßigen Abständen abgeklärt und kontrolliert werden. Hinzu kommt ein großer Anteil an Patienten mit gesundheitsbedenklichem Lebensstil, allem voran ein zumeist langjähriger Nikotinabusus, Übergewicht und körperliche Inaktivität. pAVK-Patienten benötigen daher eine breite interdisziplinäre Betreuung u. a. durch Angiologen, Kardiologen, Diabetologen, Nephrologen, häufig weiter ergänzt durch andere ärztliche und nicht-ärztliche Fachdisziplinen (z. B. Orthopädie, Chirurgie, Podologie, Ernährungsmedizin/Sportmedizin).
Lebensqualität und Zufriedenheit während der Teilnahme am Diabetes-Präventionsprogramm GLICEMIA: eine cluster-randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie
Authors: Schmiedel Karin , Mayr Andreas , Fießler Cornelia , Schlager Helmut , Friedland Kristina
Published: May 2019

Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war es, die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität sowie die Zufriedenheit während der Teilnahme am einjährigen Diabetes-Präventionsprogramm GLICEMIA zu erheben.

Methodik GLICEMIA besteht aus drei individuellen Beratungen sowie fünf Gruppenschulungen zur Lebensstiländerung. Im Rahmen einer cluster-randomisierten Studie wurden die Teilnehmer von GLICEMIA mit einer Kontrollgruppe verglichen, welche eine schriftliche Standardinformation erhielt. Nach 12 Monaten wurde die Entwicklung des 10-Jahres-Diabetes-Risikos der Teilnehmer mithilfe des FINDRISK beurteilt. Weiterhin wurde die Veränderung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität anhand des Short Form Health Survey SF-12 sowie die Zufriedenheit der beiden Gruppen verglichen.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden die Daten von 1087 Studienteilnehmern bei der Intention-to-treat-Analyse ausgewertet. Während der Teilnahme an GLICEMIA reduzierten 38,9% ihren FINDRISK, wohingegen dies von 20,9% der Kontrollgruppe erreicht wurde. Hierbei verbesserte sich die körperliche Lebensqualität in der Interventionsgruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe signifikant (adjustierte Effektgröße: 2,39 Punkte; 95%-Konfidenzintervall 1,43–3,34). Die Teilnehmer von GLICEMIA, welche ihr Diabetes-Risiko reduzierten, hatten nach einem Jahr eine verbesserte psychische und körperliche Lebensqualität. Dies konnte in der Kontrollgruppe nicht beobachtet werden. Gesamtnutzen und Zufriedenheit mit dem Programm wurden in der Interventionsgruppe als sehr hoch eingestuft.

Schlussfolgerung Die Teilnehmer von GLICEMIA hatten mit einem signifikant niedrigeren 10-Jahres-Diabetes-Risiko sowie einer verbesserten körperlichen und psychischen Lebensqualität einen hohen Nutzen vom Programm. Dieser hohe Gesamtnutzen spiegelt sich auch in der Zufriedenheit der Teilnehmer wider. Ein flächendeckendes Angebot des Programms sollte angestrebt werden.
Heimdialyse
Authors: Taylan Christina , Weber Lutz Thorsten
Published: May 2019

In der Pädiatrie ist die Heimdialyse in Form von Peritonealdialyse seit Langem ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Behandlung und wird bei der überwiegenden Anzahl, insbesondere bei sehr kleinen Kindern, eingesetzt. Trotz der Risiken, die eine Heimdialysebehandlung beinhaltet, überwiegen die Vorteile. Die Heimhämodialyse hingegen hat aktuell keinen großen Stellenwert in der Behandlung pädiatrischer Dialysepatienten, die Gründe hierfür sind vielfältig. Sie sollte aber in Zukunft mehr Berücksichtigung finden. Der vielfach bewiesene Vorteil der intensivierten Hämodialyse, die im Gegensatz zur Zentrumsdialyse als Heimdialyse logistisch einfacher durchzuführen ist, sollte dazu führen, in Zukunft die Heimdialyseverfahren durch einfacher zu bedienende, kleinere Geräte sowie unterstützende Systeme wie, z. B. Remote-controlled Patientenmanagement-Programme, weiter zu entwickeln.
Augenheilkunde erleben bei der DOG 2019
Authors: Spirgat Corinna
Published: May 2019

Forschung, Chirurgie, Hightech-Diagnostik und innovative Therapien, die das Sehvermögen von Menschen aller Altersklassen nachhaltig verbessern: Kaum ein medizinisches Fach bietet so viel Abwechslung und Innovationskraft wie die Augenheilkunde. Über das gesamte Spektrum der Ophthalmologie und alle relevanten Neuheiten informieren sich Experten aus aller Welt auf dem Jahreskongress der DOG – Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft vom 26. bis 29. September 2019 in Berlin. Mit über 5000 Teilnehmern aus aller Welt ist der DOG-Kongress die größte Fachveranstaltung für Augenheilkunde in Deutschland.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Double Isocyanide Insertion via a Vinylcarbodiimide Intermediate for the Synthesis of 2H-Pyrrol-2-imines
Authors: Wang Yunlong , Li Zongyang , Zhao Haiying , Zhang Zhenhua
Published: May 2019

2H-Pyrrol-2-imine is an important structural motif exhibiting in biologically active compounds and natural products. An efficient rhodium-catalyzed one-pot reaction of one vinyl azide with sequentially with two different isocyanides is reported, which offers an alternative facile access to 3-amino-5-aryl-2H-pyrrol-2-imines bearing various substitution on the nitrogens in good yields. An unstable vinylcarbodiimide is the key intermediate in this cascade reaction.
One-Pot Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Pyrazol-4-yl-pyrrole-2,5-dione Derivatives
Authors: Yuan Fangchong , Duan Wenwen , Li Zeyu , Luo Xi , Zhang Min , Deng Hongmei , Song Liping
Published: May 2019

Efficient and convenient one-pot, three-component reactions of pyrrolidone, aromatic aldehydes and 1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-pyrazolone afforded highly functionalized trifluoromethylated pyrazol-4-ylpyrrole-2,5-dione derivatives in good yields. The effect of solvents on the reaction efficiency and yield was briefly investigated. The structures of products were determined by spectral methods and X-ray diffraction analysis. The latter showed that the products formed have a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond, which made them particularly stable and the corresponding annulated products were not obtained by treatment with dehydrating reagents.
Self-awareness control effect of cooperative epidemics on complex networks
Authors: Wang Zexun , Tang Ming , Cai Shimin , Liu Ying , Zhou Jie , Han Dingding
Published: May 2019

Coinfection mechanism is a common interacting mode between multiple diseases in real spreading processes, where the diseases mutually increase their susceptibility, and has aroused widespread studies in network science. We use the bond percolation theory to characterize the coinfection model under two self-awareness control strategies, including immunization strategy and quarantine strategy, and to study the impacts of the synergy effect and control strategies on cooperative epidemics. We find that strengthening the synergy effect can reduce the epidemic threshold and enhance the outbreak size of coinfected networks. On Erdős–Rényi networks, the synergy effect will induce a crossover phenomenon of phase transition, i.e., make the type of phase transition from being continuous to discontinuous. Self-awareness control strategies play a non-negligible role in suppressing cooperative epidemics. In particular, increasing immunization or the quarantine rate can enhance the epidemic threshold and reduce the outbreak size of cooperative epidemics, and lead to a crossover phenomenon of transition from being discontinuous to continuous. The impact of quarantine strategy on cooperative epidemics is more significant than the immunization strategy, which is verified on scale-free networks.
Enhanced blebbing as a marker for metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Khan Zeina S. , Santos Julianna M. , Vaz Neil G. , Hussain Fazle
Published: May 2019

Highly metastatic prostate cancer cells flowing through a microfluidic channel form plasma membrane blebs: they form 27% more than normal cells and have a lower stiffness (about 50%). Hypo-osmotic stress assays (with ∼50% osmolarity) show 22% more blebbing of highly metastatic than moderately metastatic and 30% more than normal cells. Plasma membrane blebbing is known to provide important metastatic capabilities to cancer cells by aiding cell detachment from the primary tumor site and increasing cell deformability to promote cell migration through the extracellular matrix. Increased blebbing was attributed by others to decreased phosphorylated ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) (p-ERM) protein expression—p-ERMs bind the plasma membrane to the actin cortex and reduced p-ERM expression can weaken membrane-cortex attachment. Myosin II also influences blebbing as myosin’s natural contraction generates tension in the actin cortex. This increases cellular hydrostatic pressure, causes cortex rupture, cytoplasm flow out of the cortex, and hence blebbing. Highly metastatic cells are surprisingly found to express similar ezrin and myosin II levels but higher moesin levels in comparison with lowly metastatic or normal cells—suggesting that their levels, contrary to the literature [G. Charras and E. Paluch, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 9(9), 730–736 (2008); J.-Y. Tinevez, U. Schulze, G. Salbreux, J. Roensch, J.-F. Joanny, and E. Paluch, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106(44), 18581–18586 (2009); M. Bergert, S. D. Chandradoss, R. A. Desai, and E. Paluch, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(36), 14434–14439 (2012); E. K. Paluch and E. Raz: Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 25(5), 582–590 (2013)], are not important in metastatic prostate cell blebbing. Our results show that reduced F-actin is primarily responsible for increased blebbing in these metastatic cells. Blebbing can thus serve as a simple prognostic marker for the highly incident and lethal metastatic prostate cancer.
Electric megahertz metamaterials designed with deep subwavelength multilayered meander line resonators
Authors: Xu Xiaofei , Huang Qianling , Deng Xiao , Wang Yefang
Published: May 2019

Electric megahertz (MHz) metamaterials are designed and numerically demonstrated with multilayered meander line (MML) resonators in deep subwavelength. The MML resonator is featured with a large intrinsic inductance and adapted to operate at a very low frequency. To study the conceptual resonator, an equivalent circuit model is built. Closed forms are given to predict the effective metamaterial characteristics, which are subsequently validated in full wave calculations. A proof-of-concept 7-layer MML resonator is demonstrated working at 84.1 MHz. The element size is 1/178λ. Strong electric resonance and negative permittivity are observed in the MHz spectrum.
Tuning ferromagnetic resonance via disorder/order interfaces
Authors: Schneider T. , Lenz K. , Semisalova A. , Gollwitzer J. , Heitler-Klevans J. , Potzger K. , Fassbender J. , Lindner J. , Bali R.
Published: May 2019

Ferromagnetic resonance of a thin film alloy has been tuned by inducing lateral interfaces between layers differing in their lattice ordering and magnetic properties. By disordering B2 Fe60Al40 thin films to the A2 structure, thereby manifesting planar A2/B2 interfaces at selected depths, we show that the resonance lines at 10 GHz are shifted by 284 mT and 35 mT for fields applied perpendicular-to-plane and in-plane, respectively. The resonance line shift occurs over a broad frequency range and is driven by strain relaxation due to the increasing magnetic layer thickness. A finer anomalous line shift occurs as the A2/B2 interface approaches the film/substrate interface prior to being expelled from the film. The A2 structure can be reannealed to the B2 order, implying that disorder/order interface modification can provide a path for reversibly encoding resonant properties in alloy thin films.
Theoretical rotation-vibration spectroscopy of cis- and trans-diphosphene (P2H2) and the deuterated species P2HD
Authors: Owens Alec , Yurchenko Sergei N.
Published: May 2019

Growing astronomical interest in phosphorous (P) chemistry is stimulating the search for new interstellar P-bearing molecules, a task requiring detailed knowledge of the microwave and infrared molecular spectrum. In this work, we present comprehensive rotation-vibration line lists of the cis- and trans-isomers of diphosphene (P2H2). The line lists have been generated using robust, first-principles methodologies based on newly computed, high-level ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces. Transitions are considered between states with energies up to 8000 cm−1 and total angular momentum J ≤ 25. These are the first-ever line lists to be reported for P2H2, and they should significantly facilitate future spectroscopic characterization of this system. The deuterated species trans-P2HD and the effect of its dynamic dipole moment on the rovibrational spectrum are also discussed.
Propagation of initially sawtooth periodic and impulsive signals in a quasi-isentropic magnetic gas
Authors: Perelomova Anna
Published: May 2019

The characteristics of propagation of sawtooth periodic and impulsive signals at a transducer are analytically studied in this work. A plasma under consideration is motionless and uniform at equilibrium, and its perturbations are described by a system of ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations. Some generic heating/cooling function, which in turn depends on equilibrium thermodynamic parameters, may destroy adiabaticity of a flow and make the flow acoustically active. Planar waves with the wave vector forming a constant angle θ with the equilibrium straight magnetic strength are considered. This model has been proposed in previous publications listed in the Introduction. Conclusions are drawn for fast and slow magnetoacoustic waves of sawtooth shape and various cases of a nonlinear flow. These nonlinearities occur in accordance with a type of heating/cooling function under consideration. Amplitude and duration of signals are evaluated as functions of a distance from a transducer, θ, plasma-β, and a type of heating-cooling function. In particular, it is observed that the duration of an impulse enlarges infinitely in acoustically stable flows, while on the other hand, it tends to some limiting value in acoustically active flows of plasma.
Propagation of maximally localized Wannier functions in real-time TDDFT
Authors: Yost Dillon C. , Yao Yi , Kanai Yosuke
Published: May 2019

Real-time, time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) has gained popularity as a first-principles approach to study a variety of excited-state phenomena such as optical excitations and electronic stopping. Within RT-TDDFT simulations, the gauge freedom of the time-dependent electronic orbitals can be exploited for numerical and scientific convenience while the unitary transformation does not alter physical properties calculated from the quantum dynamics of electrons. Exploiting this gauge freedom, we demonstrate the propagation of maximally localized Wannier functions within RT-TDDFT. We illustrate its great utility through a number of examples including its application to optical excitation in extended systems using the so-called length gauge, interpreting electronic stopping excitation, and simulating electric field-driven quantized charge transport. We implemented the approach within our plane-wave pseudopotential RT-TDDFT module of the QB@LL code, and the performance of the implementation is also discussed.
Role of graphite on the thermoelectric performance of Sb2Te3/graphite nanocomposite
Authors: Das Subarna , Singha P. , Deb A. K. , Das S. C. , Chatterjee S. , Kulbachinskii V. A. , Kytin V. G. , Zinoviev D. A. , Maslov N. V. , Dhara Sandip , Bandyopadhyay S. , Banerjee Aritra
Published: May 2019

Thermoelectric properties of nanostructured Sb2Te3/graphite composites are investigated both experimentally and theoretically and the contribution of graphite to heat transport mechanism is addressed. XRD results indicate the solid state insolubility of the graphite phase in Sb2Te3 as no shift is observed in the diffraction peaks corresponding to Sb2Te3 in the composite samples. Raman spectroscopic analysis confirms the presence of graphite in the nanostructured composite samples. Temperature dependence of carrier concentration nH, thermal conductivity κ, Seebeck coefficient S, resistivity ρ, and, hence, the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT is reported. Graphite incorporation leads to around 40% decrease of κ, essentially due to the decrease of lattice thermal conductivity, κL. A low κL value of 0.8 Wm−1 K−1 is reported, which mostly arises due to enhanced phonon scattering at the heterointerfaces created by the addition of graphite. S increases in Sb2Te3/graphite nanocomposites. Calculation reveals that reported large S value is related with the low hole concentration. Theoretical simulation in the frame of Boltzmann equation approach shows satisfactory agreement of nH, S, and ρ with experimental data, and based on the modification of the density of states and its derivative near Fermi energy with graphite addition, a plausible explanation is provided.
O2 atmospheric annealing-tunable defects in ionic oxide MgO nanoribbons
Authors: Li Jian-Min , Hu Yun-Bing
Published: May 2019

An isotropic lattice shrinkage (lattice volume ratio ∼−0.462%) structure was reported in cubic magnesium oxide (MgO) nanocrystals, favoring the enhanced electron correlation. Upon postannealing in an O2 atmosphere, significant changes in photoluminescence spectra were detected in pristine MgO nanoribbons (NRs): a substantial reduction in F+-type centers (Fc) and an increase in a previously unknown peak at 358 nm (3.46 eV) which we attribute to a small polaron (SP) complex as a deep acceptor. A reduced diluted magnetism was found in the O2-annealed MgO NRs. A room temperature electron paramagnetic resonance signal at g ∼ 2.0959 revealed the presence of an unpaired electron trapped in the MgO NRs and a weak broad signal shift at g ∼ 2.0888, suggesting a reduced anisotropic spin–orbit coupling in the O2-annealed MgO NRs. Finally, a view on competition between Fc and SP was proposed: the Fc defect favors FM, and the SP complex leads to reduced FM in MgO NRs. The findings provide new insight into the origin and defect engineering of d0 diluted magnetism in MgO (spin from MgO), and this physical mechanism would be generally applied to other ionic oxide family materials in the field.
Effects of tannin-containing diets on performance, gut disease control and health in broiler chicks
Authors: Perin Gessica , Baldissera Matheus D. , Fernandes Matheus , Barreta Mauricio , Casagrande Renata A. , Griss Luiz Gustavo , Fortuoso Bruno F. , Volpato Andreia , Stefani Lenita M. , Boiago Marcel M. , de Cristo Thierry G. , Santiani Fábio , da Silva Aleksandro S.
Published: May 2019

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens, and the possibility of antibiotic residues in meat and meat products are seen as a threat to animal and human health. The search for alternatives to conventional drugs, including natural compounds, is an interesting approach to prevent the adverse effects of antibiotics. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the addition of tannin (as a quebracho extract) in the diet of broiler chickens could be used to replace in-feed antimicrobials and coccidiostatic drugs, to exert positive effects on animal health and performance. The use of tannin in the diet of broiler chicks as an additive (at 0.5% for 1–10-day-old birds; and 1.0% for 11–42-day-old broiler chickens) enhanced their bodyweight, weight gain and daily weight gain on Day 42 of life, compared with the untreated control group (P < 0.05). However, these findings were not observed when tannin was added at 0.5%. Moreover, broiler chickens fed with an extract containing tannins showed higher erythrocyte counts, as well as haemoglobin and haematocrit concentrations than did those in the control group, whereas counts of total leukocytes and lymphocytes were lower (P < 0.05). The use of a diet with tannins did not influence meat quality compared with a diet containing zinc bacitracin and salinomycin, which altered some parameters associated with meat colour. Moreover, the diet with tannins reduced (P < 0.05) the number of oocysts of Eimeria sp. (36-day-old broilers) and the total faecal bacterial counts (42-day-old broilers) compared with the control group. Finally, intestinal histopathology showed that the addition of tannins minimised the degree of lesions (Degree 1) compared with the control group (Degree 3). On the basis of these results, we concluded that the use of quebracho extract containing tannins can be a suitable approach to improve the performance of broiler chickens, replacing in-feed antibiotics and coccidiostatic drugs. The use of tannins did not change meat quality; however, it caused positive effects on the immune system, and exerted potent bactericidal and coccidiostatic properties, reinforcing its use as a replacement for conventional drugs.
Multipotent fetal-derived Cdx2 cells from placenta regenerate the heart
Authors: Vadakke-Madathil Sangeetha , LaRocca Gina , Raedschelders Koen , Yoon Jesse , Parker Sarah J. , Tripodi Joseph , Najfeld Vesna , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Chaudhry Hina W.
Published: May 2019

The extremely limited regenerative potential of adult mammalian hearts has prompted the need for novel cell-based therapies that can restore contractile function in heart disease. We have previously shown the regenerative potential of mixed fetal cells that were naturally found migrating to the injured maternal heart. Exploiting this intrinsic mechanism led to the current hypothesis that Caudal-type homeobox-2 (Cdx2) cells in placenta may represent a novel cell type for cardiac regeneration. Using a lineage-tracing strategy, we specifically labeled fetal-derived Cdx2 cells with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). Cdx2-eGFP cells from end-gestation placenta were assayed for cardiac differentiation in vitro and in vivo using a mouse model of myocardial infarction. We observed that these cells differentiated into spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes (CMs) and vascular cells in vitro, indicating multipotentiality. When administered via tail vein to infarcted wild-type male mice, they selectively and robustly homed to the heart and differentiated to CMs and blood vessels, resulting in significant improvement in contractility as noted by MRI. Proteomics and immune transcriptomics studies of Cdx2-eGFP cells compared with embryonic stem (ES) cells reveal that they appear to retain “stem”-related functions of ES cells but exhibit unique signatures supporting roles in homing and survival, with an ability to evade immune surveillance, which is critical for cell-based therapy. Cdx2-eGFP cells may potentially represent a therapeutic advance in allogeneic cell therapy for cardiac repair.
A glycan shield on chimpanzee CD4 protects against infection by primate lentiviruses (HIV/SIV)
Authors: Warren Cody J. , Meyerson Nicholas R. , Stabell Alex C. , Fattor Will T. , Wilkerson Gregory K. , Sawyer Sara L.
Published: May 2019

Pandemic HIV-1 (group M) emerged following the cross-species transmission of a simian immunodeficiency virus from chimpanzees (SIVcpz) to humans. Primate lentiviruses (HIV/SIV) require the T cell receptor CD4 to enter into target cells. By surveying the sequence and function of CD4 in 50 chimpanzee individuals, we find that all chimpanzee CD4 alleles encode a fixed, chimpanzee-specific substitution (34T) that creates a glycosylation site on the virus binding surface of the CD4 receptor. Additionally, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has arisen in chimpanzee CD4 (68T) that creates a second glycosylation site on the same virus-binding interface. This substitution is not yet fixed, but instead alleles containing this SNP are still circulating within chimpanzee populations. Thus, all allelic versions of chimpanzee CD4 are singly glycosylated at the virus binding surface, and some allelic versions are doubly glycosylated. Doubly glycosylated forms of chimpanzee CD4 reduce HIV-1 and SIVcpz infection by as much as two orders of magnitude. Full restoration of virus infection in cells bearing chimpanzee CD4 requires reversion of both threonines at sites 34 and 68, destroying both of the glycosylation sites, suggesting that the effects of the glycans are additive. Differentially glycosylated CD4 receptors were biochemically purified and used in neutralization assays and microscale thermophoresis to show that the glycans on chimpanzee CD4 reduce binding affinity with the lentiviral surface glycoprotein, Env. These glycans create a shield that protects CD4 from being engaged by viruses, demonstrating a powerful form of host resistance against deadly primate lentiviruses.
Self-organizing motors divide active liquid droplets
Authors: Weirich Kimberly L. , Dasbiswas Kinjal , Witten Thomas A. , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan , Gardel Margaret L.
Published: May 2019

Significance

Self-organized and shape-changing assemblies are fundamental in living systems. However, in synthetic materials, these features remain elusive to reconstruct. Here, we construct liquid droplets out of biological proteins actin and myosin, which are fundamental cellular materials. Since the proteins form filaments, the droplets have internal structure. This structure leads to the self-organization of the protein components, where myosin finds the center of actin droplets, reminiscent of chromosome alignment in cell division. Myosin also strongly interacts with actin, leading to spontaneous shape change and droplet division. These results suggest physical mechanisms of biological processes, while inspiring strategies for soft materials design.
A metaanalysis of bat phylogenetics and positive selection based on genomes and transcriptomes from 18 species
Authors: Hawkins John A. , Kaczmarek Maria E. , Müller Marcel A. , Drosten Christian , Press William H. , Sawyer Sara L.
Published: May 2019

Historically, the evolution of bats has been analyzed using a small number of genetic loci for many species or many genetic loci for a few species. Here we present a phylogeny of 18 bat species, each of which is represented in 1,107 orthologous gene alignments used to build the tree. We generated a transcriptome sequence of
Hypsignathus monstrosus
, the African hammer-headed bat, and additional transcriptome sequence for
Rousettus aegyptiacus
, the Egyptian fruit bat. We then combined these data with existing genomic and transcriptomic data from 16 other bat species. In the analysis of such datasets, there is no clear consensus on the most reliable computational methods for the curation of quality multiple sequence alignments since these public datasets represent multiple investigators and methods, including different source materials (chromosomal DNA or expressed RNA). Here we lay out a systematic analysis of parameters and produce an advanced pipeline for curating orthologous gene alignments from combined transcriptomic and genomic data, including a software package: the Mismatching Isoform eXon Remover (MIXR). Using this method, we created alignments of 11,677 bat genes, 1,107 of which contain orthologs from all 18 species. Using the orthologous gene alignments created, we assessed bat phylogeny and also performed a holistic analysis of positive selection acting in bat genomes. We found that 181 genes have been subject to positive natural selection. This list is dominated by genes involved in immune responses and genes involved in the production of collagens.
Mapping hydroxyl variability throughout the global remote troposphere via synthesis of airborne and satellite formaldehyde observations
Authors: Wolfe Glenn M. , Nicely Julie M. , St. Clair Jason M. , Hanisco Thomas F. , Liao Jin , Oman Luke D. , Brune William B. , Miller David , Thames Alexander , González Abad Gonzalo , Ryerson Thomas B. , Thompson Chelsea R. , Peischl Jeff , McKain Kathryn , Sweeney Colm , Wennberg Paul O. , Kim Michelle , Crounse John D. , Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , Diskin Glenn , Bui Paul , Chang Cecilia , Dean-Day Jonathan
Published: May 2019

The hydroxyl radical (OH) fuels tropospheric ozone production and governs the lifetime of methane and many other gases. Existing methods to quantify global OH are limited to annual and global-to-hemispheric averages. Finer resolution is essential for isolating model deficiencies and building process-level understanding. In situ observations from the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission demonstrate that remote tropospheric OH is tightly coupled to the production and loss of formaldehyde (HCHO), a major hydrocarbon oxidation product. Synthesis of this relationship with satellite-based HCHO retrievals and model-derived HCHO loss frequencies yields a map of total-column OH abundance throughout the remote troposphere (up to 70% of tropospheric mass) over the first two ATom missions (August 2016 and February 2017). This dataset offers unique insights on near-global oxidizing capacity. OH exhibits significant seasonality within individual hemispheres, but the domain mean concentration is nearly identical for both seasons (1.03 ± 0.25 × 10
6
cm
−3
), and the biseasonal average North/South Hemisphere ratio is 0.89 ± 0.06, consistent with a balance of OH sources and sinks across the remote troposphere. Regional phenomena are also highlighted, such as a 10-fold OH depression in the Tropical West Pacific and enhancements in the East Pacific and South Atlantic. This method is complementary to budget-based global OH constraints and can help elucidate the spatial and temporal variability of OH production and methane loss.
Knowledge of animal appearance among sighted and blind adults
Authors: Kim Judy S. , Elli Giulia V. , Bedny Marina
Published: May 2019

How does first-person sensory experience contribute to knowledge? Contrary to the suppositions of early empiricist philosophers, people who are born blind know about phenomena that cannot be perceived directly, such as color and light. Exactly what is learned and how remains an open question. We compared knowledge of animal appearance across congenitally blind (n= 20) and sighted individuals (two groups,n= 20 andn= 35) using a battery of tasks, including ordering (size and height), sorting (shape, skin texture, and color), odd-one-out (shape), and feature choice (texture). On all tested dimensions apart from color, sighted and blind individuals showed substantial albeit imperfect agreement, suggesting that linguistic communication and visual perception convey partially redundant appearance information. To test the hypothesis that blind individuals learn about appearance primarily by remembering sighted people’s descriptions of what they see (e.g., “elephants are gray”), we measured verbalizability of animal shape, texture, and color in the sighted. Contrary to the learn-from-description hypothesis, blind and sighted groups disagreed most about the appearance dimension that was easiest for sighted people to verbalize: color. Analysis of disagreement patterns across all tasks suggest that blind individuals infer physical features from non-appearance properties of animals such as folk taxonomy and habitat (e.g., bats are textured like mammals but shaped like birds). These findings suggest that in the absence of sensory access, structured appearance knowledge is acquired through inference from ontological kind.
Functional cooperation of α-synuclein and VAMP2 in synaptic vesicle recycling
Authors: Sun Jichao , Wang Lina , Bao Huan , Premi Sanjay , Das Utpal , Chapman Edwin R. , Roy Subhojit
Published: May 2019

The function of α-synuclein (α-syn) has been long debated, and two seemingly divergent views have emerged. In one, α-syn binds to VAMP2, acting as a SNARE chaperone—but with no effect on neurotransmission—while another posits that α-syn attenuates neurotransmitter release by restricting synaptic vesicle mobilization and recycling. Here, we show that α-syn–VAMP2 interactions are necessary for α-syn–induced synaptic attenuation. Our data connect divergent views and suggest a unified model of α-syn function.