bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness and safety of Tulip in patients with hyperlipidemia
Authors: Moiseeva O. M. , Karelkina Ye. V.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic effectiveness and safety of use of Tulip, a novel atorvastatin generic agent, registered by LEK, Slovenia, in Russia. Materials and methods. The open prospective uncontrolled study covered in hyperlipidemic patients aged 57,3±1,2 years. Of the 40 patients included into the present study, 19 (47.5 %) achieved the target level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol just by week 4 of therapy when 10 mg of Tulip was used and 7 (17,5 %) patients did by week 8 when 20 mg of the drug was given. As a whole, 65 % of patients achieved the target level of DLD cholesterol in the Tulip group. By treatment week 8, there were35,6; 44,6; 39,8 and 40,9 % decreases in the serum content of total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, respectively. The serum level of LDL cholesterol tended to increase. The pronounced hypolipidemic effect of Tulip was not attended by increases in transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotranferase) and creatinine phosphokinase. Conclusions. The marked hypolipidemic effect of Tulip, which is comparable with that of the original drug atorvastatin, is unquestionable to he attractable for practical use in Russia due to its inexpensive cost. Tulip has demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated.
Association of betaxolol therapy with the clinical and functional parameters in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Shabalin A. V. , Gulyaeva Ye. N. , Krikovtsov A. S.
Published: December 2018

The association of clinical and functional parameters was studied in patients with mild and moderate arterial hypertension (All) during therapy with betaxolol (Lokren), Twenty six patients (19 males and 7 females) aged 28 to 56 (mean 40.5 ± 1.4) years who had grade 1-2 AH were examined. The patients received monotherapy with betaxolol in a single dose of 10 mg/day. 24-hour ECG and blood pressure monitoring, stress-echocardiography during the arithmetic test estimating cognitive functions and life quality by the SP-36 scale were performed at the baseline and following 8 weeks of therapy. It has been found that betaxolol (Lokren) used In a single dose of 10 mg/day for 8 weeks has a high antihypertensive efficacy, stabilizes the autonomic balance of cardiac rhythm regulation, by simultaneously showing antiarrhythmic properties, reduces the degree of stress responsiveness, and enhances the inhibition of the central nervous system, by ultimately improving the quality of life in the patients.
How to characterize daily profile of pulse blood pressure?
Authors: Kotovskaya J. V. , Kobalava Zh. ..
Published: December 2018

The aim of this work is studying of double-phase rhythm characteristics of pulse pressure (PP) at untreated patients AH. The absent of night reduce of PP can be the consequent of night incommensurable change of systolic and diastolic pressure at night in comparison with day change. It was revealed two types of incommensurable double-phase rhythm of pulse pressure ( PP) on the basis of database analysis: Type 1 - with night increase of SHP (type 1a with night decrease DBP, type 1b with gap of increase DBP from SBP at night). Type 2 - with decrease of SBP and DBP at night. Ratio of daily index SBP and DBP ≥ 0,70 provide for decrease PP at night in comparison of day hours with probability ≥ 96 %. Accepting k = 0,70 as bench mark allow us to insert quantitative characteristics of double-phase rhythm of pulse pressure (PP), without using the traditional measure scale of daily index, the usage opportunity of which by BP demands more precise definition The presence of incommensurable daily rhythm of BP was associated with more expressed abnormalities from the point of target organs even with normal daily rhythm of SHP. Thus, I he estimation of proportionality of daily rhythm of SHP and DBP against their daily index is very important additional characteristic of daily profile of HP, allowing to identify patients in dipper and non-dipper groups, whose target organs condition can't be explained by the character of double-phase rhythm of SHP.
Effects of rilmenidine and its combination with amlodipine on body weight, plasma glucose and lipids (according to ALTAIR study)
Authors: Conrady A. O. , Sviryaev Y. V.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of rilmenidine and its combination with amlodipine on plasma glucose and lipids as well as body weight in ALTAIR study population. Rilmenidine therapy resulted in several positive metabolic effects: decrease in glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as decrease in body weight. The most prominent metabolic effects were shown fro patients with concomitant obesity and in diabetic subpopulation. In conclusion, analysis of ALTAIR data indicates that Imidazoline agonists, in particular rilmenidine, can be considered the first drug choice in patients with metabolic abnormalities.
Treatment of arterial hypertension in prognosis of acute myocardial ishemia. Clinical and genetic analysis
Authors: Saygitov R. T. , Glezer M. G. , Sementsov D. P. , Kostomarova I. V. , Malygina IN. A.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluated the role of ID ACE gene polymorphism in the development of acute myocardial ishemia in patients with arterial hypertension (HT). Patients with DD genotype were demonstrated a higher risk of myocardial infarction then patients with ID and II genotype. Conversely, the course of HT in II genotypic group is more favorable, but the efficacy of their treatment by traditional agents is minimal.
Clinical Efficacy of foxed low-dose perindopril-indapamide combination in the elderly
Authors: Kirsanov A. I. , Gorbacheva I. A. , Shestakova L. A.
Published: December 2018

The study addresses antihypertensive effects of fixed low-dose perindopril-indapamide combination therapy in the elderly hypertensive patients. Combinations with metoprolol were also studied. Is was shown that antihypertensive effect can be observed ay second week of treatment and is dose-dependent. Besides, additional administration of metoprolol 50 mg per day was not associated with further blood pressure decrease but resulted in significant heart rate reduction.
Psychological status and daily blood pressure in pregnant wiht arterial hypertension
Authors: Bartosh L. F. , Kanaeva T. V. , Dorogova I. V. , Mayorova N. N. , Orlov V. V. , Kuznetsova T. N.
Published: December 2018

The study addresses relation between psychological features and daily blood pressure profile in hypertensive pregnant females. Psychological testing and 24-hour blood pressure monitoring were performed. Personal featured in different patterns of blood pressure daily profile are revealed. The data obtained indicate the need of philological testing for hypertension in pregnancy in order to optimize its treatment.
Long-term complications in hypertensive patients associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertensive crises
Authors: Nesterov Y. L. , Bondareva I. N. , Teplyakov A. T.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the research is to study remote (3 years) forecast of the patients with arterial hypertension (AH) with crisis current associated with type 2 diabetes and without diabetes, and to estimate the efficiency of the antihypertension therapy. Comparison analysis of cardiovascular complications in 120 patients with AH with type 2 diabetes (n=60) and without diabetes (n=60) was carried out. Initially the groups were identical on AH duration and the current of cardiovascular complications, hi 3 years a higher frequency of cardiovascular complications in patients with AH with diabetes compared to the patients without diabetes was detected. Besides, the patients with chronic cardiac failure increased by 21,7%, with stenocardia by 20%, with myocardial infraction by 13,4%, with cerebral stroke by 11,7%, the mass of left ventricle myocardium has increased by 15%, lethality is 8,3%. The showings of the patients with AH without diabetes were 11,7%, 15,0%, 6,7%, 6,7%, 5,9%, and 3,2% accordingly. A low efficacy of secondary drug prophylaxis of AH in the patients of both groups has been marked. Among the patients with AH and diabetes only 58,3% underwent a regular treatment, without diabetes - 31,7%. 41,7% and 68,3% patients underwent a treatment on an irregular basis. Target levels of AH were reached in 18,3% and 15,0% patients correspondingly.
Fixed low-dose combinations of
perindopril and indapamide in inadequately
controlled hypertensive patients
Authors: Belkin Yu. A.
Published: December 2018

The study addresses efficacy of fixed combinations of perindopril and indapamide (Noliprel and Noliprel-forte) in inadequately controlled hypertensive patients previously treated by free administrated combination therapy. 122 patients were followed-up for 3 months. Patients with mild hypertension were treated by Noliprel and patients with moderate-to-severe hypertension received Noliprel-forte. Efficacy, tolerability and quality of life were assessed initially and after 12 weeks of treatment. Is was shown that fixed combinations of perindopril and indapamide can help to effectively reach target blood pressure and can be successfully used as a "step" approach of therapy of different stages of hypertension.
Surgical anatomy of the aortic root
Authors: Marchenko S. D.
Published: December 2018

In this study a new method of clinical plastination was applied to the study of structural relations of aortic root with surrounding structures. As a result the topographo-anatomical base for aortic root reconstructive operations was created. We developed educational videolecture which displays functional and structural features of aortic root. The results of this study are designed for cardiologists, cardiac surgeons and ultrasound specialists. This study was performed at the Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic named after P.A. Kuprianov. Medical-Military academy and at the International Morphological center.
Type of left ventricular hypertrophy and matrix metalloproteinase in patient with valvular disease
Authors: Goncharova N. S. , Moiseeva O. M. , Aleshina G. M. , Shlyakhto E. V.
Published: December 2018

The study objective was to investigate serum concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and it inhibitor (TIMP-1) in patients with aortic stenosis and mitral or aortic regurgitation. It was revealed that serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels correlated with type of left ventricular hypertrophy. In patient with mitral or aortic regurgitation (volume load) MMP/TIMP ratio was increased due to prevalence of MMP-9. Increased serum ММР-9/TIMP-1 index was related to enlargement of left ventricular end-diastolic volume. The greatest disbalance in matrix metalloproteinase system was observed in patients with inherent connective tissue disease. In patients with pressure load hypertrophy (aortic stenosis) serum MMP blockade prevalence was observed, which promoted heart fibrosis development. Furthermore, increased serum TIMP-1 level was associated with decreased left ventricular injection fraction in patients with aortic stenosis.
Diastolic function left ventricle in a debut of revealing of hypertonic illness at young age
Authors: Kuznetsova V. V. , Bursikov A. V.
Published: December 2018

The purpose: To estimate diastolic function left ventricle at persons of young age with recently revealed arterial hypertension and to reveal early attributes of its infringement.
Materials and methods: On device LOGIQ 500 method Doppler echocardiography studies diastolic function left ventricle at 34 patients of young age with prescription of revealing arterial hypertension no more than 3 years and practically healthy 48 persons.
Results: At an arterial hypertension already in a debut of revealing of disease change of some Doppler echocardiography parameters diastolic fillings left ventricle takes place: decrease in high-speed parameters early diastolic fillings and increase in peak speed and fraction of late filling left ventricle, that reflects difficulty of filling left ventricle and increased hemodinamic loading on the left auricle.
The conclusion: Changes of speeds diastolic fillings left ventricle reflects its structurally functional remodeling and can be used as criterion of diagnostics of defeat of heart at arterial hypertension
Cardiometabolic syndrome: How important is PPARy receptor activation for clinical practice?
Authors: Barsukov A.
Published: December 2018

Resume Interaction of genetic and environmental factors, metabolic and vascular disturbances increases the risk of total mortality, renal dysfunction, cardiovascular complications. Insulin resistance plays the key role in metabolic syndrome development. Connection of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and metabolic risk factors has been carefully studied. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors г (PPARг) role in fatty and carbohydrate metabolism is being studied intensively nowadays. Thiazolidinediones impact on cardio-vascular prognosis is controversial, and needs subsequent research. Pleiotropic effects of RAAS-blockers play important role in treatment of high risk patients. Telmisartan, being a partial PPARг-agonist, extends perspective rational pharmacotherapy of hypertension in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Factors determining stress-reactivity of hemodynamics in the adolescents
Authors: Sumin A. , Sumina L. , Vasilyeva N.
Published: December 2018

Resume In order to assess factors contributing to stress reactivity of blood pressure 66 adolescents (25 boys and 41 girles) form 14 to 17 yrs (15,2+0,1 yrs) were examined. Test with oral calculation, psychological (questionnaires of Bass-Darky, Kettle, Spielberg) as well as force of skeletal muscles and were assessed. Hyperreaction of blood pressure (BP) was observed in 27% of adolescents, normal reaction - in 47% cases, low reactivity - in 26%. In hyperreactive subjects lower parameters of skeletal muscle force were documented. Psychological discrepancies were insignificant between the groups. The BP raise during mental stress correlated with muscle force, body weight, baseline BP level and mental development. The data obtained can indicate that reducing stress reactivity can be important instrument in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in psychogenic rest groups.
Endothelial function in hypertensive patients under the conditions of stress, muscle relaxation
and their combination
Authors: Sumin A. , Sumina L. Y. , Galimzyanov D.
Published: December 2018

Aim of the paper was to study the influence of stress, muscle relaxation and their combination on endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) in hypertensive patients.
We investigated 22 hypertensive patients of I stage (age 41,8+1,8 years) and healthy persons (n= 16) as control group comparable by sex and age. The central hemodynamic parameters and forearm blood flow estimated before and during the reactive hyperemia test (RHT) at initial condition, during the mental stress, muscle relaxation and their combination.
Results: the mental stress caused in healthy people increased heart rate and systolic blood pressure, but did not influence on forearm EDV. In hypertensive patients increase of heart rate and blood pressure at mental stress was accompanied by decrease of EDV (up to 5,15±0,75%). The muscle relaxation condition in healthy individuals resulted in more expressed EVD (on 10,76±1,77%). In hypertensive patients heart rate and blood pressure reduction was even more expressed, thus, EDV was comparable with basal. The combination of stress and muscle relaxation unequally influenced on EVD in groups: if in the control disappearance of additional vasodilator reaction (EVD was 7,98+1,0%) has taken place, in the hypertensive group the stress with condition of muscle relaxation had no similar effect (EVD was 8,71 ±2,3%).
Thus, we revealed dependence of EDV on both stress and stress-limiting influences. It can be used in primary and secondary prevention of arterial hypertension.
The emerging role of asymmetric dimethylarginine in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Rodionov R. N. , Blokhin I. O. , Galagudza M. M. , Shlyakhto E. V. , Lentz S. R.
Published: December 2018

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a methylated derivative of the amino acid L-arginine that is receiving increasing attention as a cardiovascular risk factor. As a structural analog of L-arginine, ADMA can inhibit the activity of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, resulting in decreased NO production in blood vessels and other tissues. While substantial epidemiological and experimental evidence links elevated levels of ADMA with endothelial dysfunction and adverse vascular events, the causative role of ADMA in cardiovascular diseases remains still largely unproven. To definitively determine whether ADMA is a biomarker or a causative risk factor, a better understanding of the biochemistry, genetics, and pharmacology of the ADMA metabolic pathways is needed.
Radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of atrial ﬁ bril-lation and ﬂuttering in patients on cardiopulmponary bypass
Authors: Marinin V. A. , Osadchiy A. M. , Lebedev D. , Borisov A. I. , Petrov N. V. , Kurnikova E. A. , Krivorot S. S. , Milekhin V. E.
Published: December 2018

Two cases of the successful cool radiofrequency ablation of the atrial fibrillation and typical atrial flutter in the conditions of artificial blood circulation after performance of the basic stage of surgery (the first case - bioprosthetics of the mitral valve, anuloplastic of the tricuspidal valve on the basic ring «Carpentier-Edwards», the second case - a plastic of the mitral and tricuspidal valves on basic rings «Carpentier-Edwards», defect elimination of the interatrium partitions by autopericard) are represented.
Algorithms of diagnostics of widespread dysplastic syndromes and phenotypes. Theoretical approaches and practical application of classiﬁ cation
Authors: Zemtsovsky E. , Reeva S. V. , Маlev E. G. , Lobanov M. Y. , Belyaeva Е. L. , Parfenova N. N. , Vutrich E. V. , Khasanova S. I. , Davtyan K. R. , Timofeev Е. V.
Published: December 2018

The heritable connective tissue disorders with common general phenotypical and clinical features should be called dysplasia of the connective tissue. Classification of the basic dysplastical syndromes and phenotypes is offered. Article considers the algorithm of diagnostics of the basic syndromes and phenotypes and the practical questions arising at attempt of their classification.
Estimation of functional state in patients with hypertension with various disease duration
Authors: Bursikov A.
Published: December 2018

The object: to estimate functional condition of men with arterial hypertension of various disease length using veloergometry. Materials and methods. 86 men with arterial hypertension of 1 degree of various duration were examined: 60 men with the disease length 1,5 ± 0,2 year and 26 men with the disease length 8,0 ± 1,6 year, and 25 apparently healthy men were included. The standardized veloergometry was performed in all subjects using step-by-step increasing technique till either submaximal heart rate or limiting criteria were achieved. Results. Patients with long duration of arterial hypertension show reduced physical exertion tolerance, greater increase of systolic arterial pressure at small, average and high exertion power as compared to patients with short anamnesis of hypertension. They also have greater oxygen consumption by myocardium and its greater increment at average exertion power if compared to the rest level. The veloergometry test was discontinued due to the top level of systolic blood pressure, which occurred more often in this group.
Dependency of heart rate variability on the clinical features of non-rheumatic myocarditis
Authors: Nagaeva G. , Abdullaev T. A.
Published: December 2018

The same mediators of the autonomic nervous system can be both triggers and modulators of internal organs activity, and heart autonomic regulation can be best estimated by studying heart rate variability (HRV). The objective of the present research is the estimation of both time and spectral HRV parameters in patients with non-rheumatic myocarditis depending on its clinical course. 58 patients (20 men and 38 women) aged 35,3  1,3 years were examined. 22 (37,9 %) patients have established acute myocarditis, and 36 (62,1 %) - postmyocardic cardiosclerosis (PMC). HRV parameters were estimated depending on the disease stage, and on presence of heart rhythm disturbances. Patients with acute myocarditis compared to those having PMC had decreased HRV parameters (SDNN, SDANN, SDNNi, pNN50, rMSSD) refl ecting vegetative imbalance, and ventricular ecthopic activity in patients with myocarditis is associated with the activation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic system, and these changed are more expressed in patients with high ventricular extrasystole gradation.
Surgical management of a giant left atrium
Authors: Gurschenkov A. V. , Gordeev M. L.
Published: December 2018

Giant left atrium is a condition defined when the left atrial diameter exceeds 60-65 mm. It is commonly associated with mitral valve disease due to excess intracavitary pressure resulting in strain and dilation of the left atrial chamber. The enlarged left atrium leads to expansion of the left atrial volume that leads to the pressure increase in the main bronchus, lung and right ventricle with corresponding cardiopulmonary failure. As giant left atrium is a risk factor of sudden death, its existence merits careful evaluation and surgical intervention.
Echocardiography indices, heart rate variability and cytokine profile in pregnant women
Authors: Kashtalyan O. A. , Prystrom M. S.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To analyze heart rhythm variability, hemodinamics, pro- and anti-inflammatory plasma cytokines production in pregnant women. General clinical examination was carried out in both groups, echocardiography, Holter monitoring with subsequent calculation of generally accepted heart rate variability indices were performed. The circadian heart rate index (ratio day/night) was calculated. It was found that pregnancy-induced hypertension was accompanied by impaired cytokine balance. Altered immune homeostasis has been established to be a leading factor in the pattern of gestational complications.
Estimation and management of total cardiovascular risk (experience of hypertension prevention consulting rooms in St Petersburg outpatient's clinics)
Authors: Paskar N. A. , Parizchkaya E. N.
Published: December 2018

Early exposure of cardiovascular risk factors and control of hypertension for prevention of cardiovascular events, first of all, myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke is one of the most important medical and social problems. A strong link has been appreved between cardiovascular disease development and blood pressure level, serum cholesterol, body mass index and smoking. The results of patients examination in hypertension prevention consulting rooms in St Petersburg outpatient's clinics, are presented.
Masked hypertension in subjects with job stress
Authors: Osipova I. V. , Antropova O. N. , Golovina K. G. , Lobanova N. A. , Zaltsman A. G. , Kalinina I. V.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To estimate target organs state and endothelial function in patients with isolated ambulatory hypertension at work. Design and methods. 76 patients with hypertension at working place (AHwp) formed the 1st group, 42 patients with fi rstly diagnosed essential hypertension formed the 2nd group. Offi ce blood pressure (BP) was measured in all subjects. Also BP monitoring at work and at rest, echocardiography, duplex scanning of brachiocephal arteries, test of brachial artery temporary occlusion and endothelial function assessment were performed. Results. Patients of the 1st and 2nd groups had comparable risk factors. Patients with AHwp 24,1 % (p = 0,01) oftener showed diastolic dysfunction of left ventricle (LV). Intima-media thickness did not differ between groups but atheroma was found more frequently (for 13,2 %, p = 0,01) in subjects from the 1st group. Subjects with AHwp in comparison with those with essential hypertension rarely had normal endothelial function (for 26,1 %, p = 0,005), vasoconstrictive endothelial reaction on temporary occlusion was found oftener (for 30,3 %, p = 0,001) in 1st group subjects. Conclusions. Patients with masking hypertension had comparable rate of main risk factors, LV hypertrophy and brachiocephal atherosclerosis, but they showed more expressed diastolic dysfunction of LV and endothelial dysfunction as compared to patients with essential hypertension.
Characteristics of blood pressure in patients with hypertension and carotid atherosclerosis before and after surgery on carotid arteries
Authors: Kosacheva N. B. , Tuev A. V. , Agafonov A. V. , Mukhamadeev I. S.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To study relation between carotid atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension, and possible benefits of surgery. Design and methods. 70 hypertensive patients operated on cerebral arteries were examined: 50 patients had stenosis of carotid arteries (CA) and 20 - cerebral arterial anomalies. Results. The patients with carotid atherosclerosis had higher blood pressure (BP) than patients with brachiocefalic arterial anomaly (103,6 ± 11,3 and 91,7 ± 6,6 mmHg, respectively; r = 0,00007). This difference has disappeared in postoperative period. Both systolic (from 145,1 ± 14,7 to 135,6 ± 12,3 mmHg; р = 0,02), and diastolic (from 83,3 ± 10,2 to 78,1 ± 9,7 mmHg; р = 0,02) blood pressure reduced after the surgery on CA. Conclusions. We conclude that there is an association between ВР level and carotid atherosclerosis. The reduction of BP was observed in postoperative period in patients with atherosclerosis of CA.
Vascular age and cardiovascular remodeling in arterial hypertension
Authors: Protasov K. V. , Sinkevich D. A. , Fedorishina O. V.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To study the interrelations between vascular and cardiac and vascular remodeling indicators in hypertensive patients. Design and methods. 167 subjects aged 50,9 (45-55) years were examined. Vascular age was calculated with the use of modified SCORE scale. Gender, age, smoking, blood pressure (BP) and serum cholesterol levels were taken into account. Ambulatory BP monitoring was carried out and subclinical heart and blood vessels damage signs were found. Their interrelations with vascular and chronologic age were evaluated. Results. Vascular age prevailed in men and when compared with the chronologic age correlated more closely with left ventricular myocardial mass index, carotid intimae-media thickness, mean daily pulse pressure and ankle-brachial index and proved to be the predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy and carotid artery plaque development. Conclusion. We conclude that vascular age might be the useful tool for myocardial and vascular damage evaluation in hypertensive patients.
Analysis of the input of polymorphism of several candidate genes in the development of hypertension and myocardial remodeling: in the sample of sibling pairs
Authors: Khasanov N. R. , Oslopov V. N. , Slominskiy P. A.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To assess the contribution of the renin-angiotensin system, lipid metabolism and gene regulators of apoptosis in the development of hypertension and myocardial remodeling using sibling-pair and associative methods. Design and methods. Myocardial mass and myocardial mass index were calculated by echocardiography method, gene polymorphism was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Results. We found the association of genotype M235M AGT gene with hypertension in representatives of the Tatar ethnic group. Genotype A603A gene EAAT2 is associated with higher systolic blood pressure, and genotype CC rs189994 AIF gene is related to the greater myocardial mass in hypertensive patients.
Complex laboratory-instrumental and prognostic assessment in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sveklina T. S. , Barsukov A. V. , Talantseva M. S. , Shustov S. B.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To perform a complex laboratory and instrumental and prognostic assessment of hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Design and methods. Based on the retrospective analysis out of 3150 case records we selected 443 clinical cases of arterial hypertension combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) and with or without atrial fibrillation (AF). They were divided into groups: 1st group included hypertensive patients with DM 2 and AF; 2nd — hypertensives with DM 2, and third — hypertensives with AF. We analyzed haemodynamic, electro-and echocardiography, routine biochemical (blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, uric acid, potassium, microalbuminuria, cholesterol, low and high density lipoproteins, triglyceride, prothrombin and international normalized ratio, C-reactive protein) parameters, as well as adipokine levels (tumor necrosis factor alpha, adiponectine, leptine, resistine). Kaplan-Meyer’s analysis was performed to assess survival rate. Results. Patients from the 1st group showed subclinical target organ damage, dysregulation of metabolism and hormonal and regulatory activity. Compared to other groups these patients demonstrated a lower survival rate. Conclusion. The association of arterial hypertension, DM 2 and AF can be considered as a mutual burdening phenomenon, increasing the cardiovascular risk.
The association of first trimester high blood pressure and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Popova P. V. , Gerasimov A. S. , Kravchuk E. N. , Shelepova E. S. , Ryazantseva E. M. , Tsoy U. A. , Zazerskaya I. E. , Grineva E. N.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To determine the relationship between blood pressure measured during the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Design and methods. A total of 209 pregnant women were screened for gestational diabetes mellitus between weeks 24 and 28 of gestation, as defined by WHO criteria. Blood pressure, weight and waist circumference data were obtained by review of the medical records. Results. An elevated blood pressure at first trimester of pregnancy was associated with a six-fold increase in the risk of the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (OR = 5.8, 95 % CI 1.9-17.5, p = 0.001) compared with non-hypertensive women. Arterial hypertension (including controlled forms) in the first trimester of pregnancy was followed by a three-fold (OR = 3.04, 95 % CI 1.5-6.3) increase in the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus compared with non-hypertensive women (p = 0.005). Conclusion. Obtained data indicate that women with elevated blood pressure in the first trimester of pregnancy have an increased risk of the development of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Gender differences of voltage electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive individuals living in the North
Authors: Makoveeva E. A. , Efimova L. P.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To estimate the changes of voltage electrocardiographic criteria of the left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension in subjects of different gender. Design and methods. The study included 94 hypertensive patients (55 males, 39 females). Mean age was 51 ± 6 years. Based on gender and the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy patients were divided into four groups. Results. There were significant differences of indices of Sokolow-Lyon and Cornell in males with I and II stages of arterial hypertension (р = 0,012 and р = 0,017, respectively). The same differences were found in females with I and II stages of arterial hypertension (р = 0,037 and р = 0,001, respectively). Specificity was 92 % for both indices, and the sensitivity was 26 % for Sokolow-Lyon index, and 39 % for Cornell index. In women sensitivity was 0 and 72 % for Sokolow-Lyon and Cornell indices, respectively, and specificity was more than 90 % for both criteria. Conclusion. Gender differences should be considered when voltage electrocardiographic criteria of the left ventricular hypertrophy are assessed in hypertensive patients.
Blood pressure, lipid levels and apolipoprotein A1 and paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms in patients with abdominal obesity
Authors: An-Hahar H. .. , Bolshakova O. O. , Belyaeva O. D. , Berkovich O. A. , Larionova V. I. , Baranova E. I.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To evaluate G-75A and C+83T polymorphisms of apolipoprotein A1 gene and Q192R polymorphism of paraoxonase 1 gene and their association with blood pressure and lipid levels in patients with abdominal obesity. Design and methods. We examined 222 obese patients (57 males and 165 females), residents of St Petersburg, Russian Federation. Results. High incidence of arterial hypertension (61 %) and dyslipidemia of different types was revealed. The frequency of different alleles of apolipoprotein A1 and paraoxonase 1 genes was analyzed. The results of gene-gene interactions and their associations with blood pressure, obesity and lipids profiles are presented.
Nikolai Sergeevich Korotkov: An invention in the history of medicine
Authors: Zhuravlyov D. A.
Published: December 2018

This article is devoted to Nikolai Sergeevich Korotkov who suggested a method of blood pressure measuring one century ago. Details of this invention are described. The value of the method for the development of medicine is disclosed. It is also reported how the memory of this national scientist is kept in contemporary conditions.
Primary aldosteronism and resistant arterial hypertension
Authors: Zvartau N. E. , Korostovtseva L. S. , Emelyanov I. V. , Sviryaev Yu. V.
Published: December 2018

The review discusses the new data about primary aldosteronism and the connection between increase of aldosterone level and resistance to antihypertensive treatment, including patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Also the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the progression of end organ damage and leading to resistance to antihypertensive treatment in patients with high aldosterone level are presented.
Verification of latent forms of coronary heart disease in young hypertensive men with psychoautonomic disorders, working at chemically harmful manufacture
Authors: Partsernyak A. S. , Partsernyak S. A. , Kireeva E. B.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To verify latent forms of coronary artery disease (CAD) in young hypertensive patients with psycho-vegetative disorders working at chemically hazardous industries. Design and methods. The study included 105 patients with concomitant cardiovascular disease, stratified into 3 groups (n = 35). Mean age was 35-45 years in groups 1 and 2, and 45-55 years – in group 3. In the second group, all surveyed worked at chemical hazardous industries. All patients underwent 24-hour monitoring of blood pressure and electrocardiogram, and ECG synchronized perfusion SPECT myocardial at rest and at pharmacological load test. The load included sodium adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Results. There were signs of hypertension progression, and a reduction in myocardial perfusion in the second group compared to the control group (group 1). Conclusions. Thus, we confirmed the opportunity to verify latent forms of CAD in young hypertensive subjects with psycho-vegetative disorders working at chemically hazardous industries with SPECT myocardial adenosine stress, and we found that latent forms of CAD manifest by an average of 5-7 years earlier in this group compared to the age-matched controls without occupational exposures.
BLOOD VELOCITY IN FUNCTION OF ARTERIOLES IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Poselyugina O. B. , Volkov V. S. , Rudenko E. V. , Al Ghalban N.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To study blood velocity in arterioles in hypertensive patients by doppler.

 Design and methods. We assessed blood velocity in 90 patients with essential arterial hypertension (AH) and in 83 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with AH («Minimax-Doppler-K»), and in 102 control subjects: during systole (Vs, cm/s), diastole (Vd, cm/s) and during the mean blood ﬂow cycle (Vm, cm/s). Then spontaneous changes of blood velocity were recorded during 1 minute. In patients with DM2 association between blood velocity and disease duration was studied. In 43 hypertensive patients Vsand Vdwere deﬁned after treatment.

 Results. Hypertensive patients had the highest blood velocity, lower values were deﬁned in healthy people, and hypertensive subjects with DM2demonstrated the lowest blood velocity. Fluctuations in blood velocity during systole were the highest in healthy people, less in hypertensives and the smallest in subjects with DM2 and AH. Variations of blood velocity during diastole were the highest in AH patients, less in patients with DM2 with AH and the least in healthy subjects. Blood velocity in arterioles is lower in patients with the longer duration of DM2. In treated hypertensive patients blood velocity in arterioles reduces. Conclusion. By assessment of blood ﬂow velocity in arterioles we can evaluate the functional state of these vessels in hypertensive patients.
AORTIC ELASTICITY AND ENDOTHELIUM MOTOVASCULAR FUNCTION IN PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Mazur E. S. , Kileinikov D. V. , Semenychev D. G. , Mazur V. V. , Timeshova T. Yu.
Published: December 2018

Objective.To compare aortic elasticity and vasomotor endothelial function in hypertensive and normotensive patients with decompensated primary hypothyroidism (PHT) and after medical compensation.

 Design and methods. 41 women with PHT were examined, 23 (56 %) subjects had concomitant hypertension. Elasticity of aorta was evaluated by compliance coefficient (CC) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), state of vasomotor endothelial function — by vasodilatation coefficient (VDC). Patients were examined twice: during decompensation and after medical compensation.

Results. Mean values of CC in patients with decompensated PHT were 2,27 (95 % confidence interval 1,53–3,01) and 2,23 (1,78–2,67) mm2/mm Hg in hypertensives and normotensive, respectively, PWV — 12,2 (10,4–13,9) and 12,9 (11,8–14,0) m/s, VDC — 4,51 (2,91–6,11) and 3,72 (2,06–5,37) CU, respectively (all p > 0,05). Compensation of PHT led to the CC increase up to 4,69 (4,13–5,24) and 4,66 (3,96–5,36) mm2/mm Hg, PWV patients till 8,85 (6,77–10,9) and 7,40 (6,68–8,11) m/s, VDC increase up to 10,7 (9,27–12,2) and 8,94 (7,81–10,1) CU (all p < 0,05).

Conclusion. Compensation of PHT is accompanied by improvement of aortic elasticity and vasomotor endothelial function. There are no differences in aortic elasticity and vasomotor endothelial function in hypertensive and normotensive patients during decompensation and after euthyroid state achievement.
MYOCARDITIS AS A CAUSE OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS
Authors: Lebedev D. S. , Grokhotova V. V. , Tatarskiy R. B. , Mitrofanova I. B. , Mitrofanov N. A. , Pakhomov A. V. , Ignatyeva E. S. , Malikov K. N. , Pankova I. A,. , Belyakova L. A.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To study the etiology of nonischemic ventricular arrhythmias and to improve diagnostic evaluation of inlammatory myocardial disease using endomyocardial biopsy.

Design and methods. We performed 100 endomyocardial biopsies during catheter ablation in patients with nonischemic ventricular arrythmias.

 Results. Myocarditis was veriied in 58 cases, and postinlammatory ibrosis — in 24 cases. Twenty three patients (67 %) demonstrated active myocarditis, 1 (2,9 %) had chronic active myocarditis, and 10 subjects (29 %) — chronic non-active myocarditis.

 Conclusion. Endomyocardial biopsy contributes to better veriication of the etiology of ventricular arrhythmias. Late gadolinium enhancement during magnetic resonance imaging shows 74 % sensitivity and 46,9 % speciicity in the evaluation of myocarditis, and 52,4 % sensitivity and 38,9 % speciicity in veriication of postinlammatory ibrosis. Presence of CD-8+ cells, Ig M, patchy dystrophin expression can be additional features for veriication of active myocarditis.
TRANSIENT MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA IN NEWBORN
Authors: Vinogradova I. V. , Ivanov D. O.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To study the transient myocardial ischemia in newborn of different gestational age survived after severe perinatal pathology.

Design and methods. A total of 110 newborn were examined. One group included newborns weighed 2000–2500 g at birth, group 2 was formed by children with extremely low birth weight (ELBW). In both groups the frequency of transient myocardial ischemia was assessed.

 Results and conclusion. As a result, the comparative study showed that transient myocardial ischemia is more common in infants with ELBW. It is associated with the worsening of the underlying disease and increased mortality in the group of newborns with ELBW.
ОLD VERSUS NEW RUSSIAN CRITERIA FOR GESTATIONAL DIABETES
Authors: Popova P. V. , Dronova A. V. , Sadikova E. R. , Parkkinen M. P. , Bolshakova M. V. , Nikolayeva A. E. , Kutueva F. R. , Grineva E. N.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To compare the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), risk factors of its development when using the old (WHO, 1999) and the new Russian criteria (2012) and to assess the correspondence between fasting glycaemia and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), under the new criteria.

Design and methods. A total of 354 pregnant women were screened for gestational diabetes mellitus by OGTT between weeks 24 and 28 of gestation. Fasting blood glucose at irst prenatal visit was obtained from the medical records. GDM for therapy initiation was diagnosed according to WHO criteria. GDM was also retrospectively deined according to the new IADPSG-criteria (fasting plasma glucose >5,1 and < 7,0 mmol/l at the irst prenatal visit or by OGTT fasting glucose >5,1 and/or ? 10,0 mmol/l after 1 hour and/or ? 8,5 mmol/l after 2 hours at 24–32 gestation week).

 Results. GDM was detected in 25,1 % according to the old criteria and in 26,8 % women under the new criteria by OGTT. Fasting glucose at the irst prenatal visit between 5,1 mmol/l and 7,0 mmol/l (that is, GDM under the new criteria) was deined in 92 (28,1 %) of 327 women with known fasting blood glucose level. Only in 34 (37 %) of 92 women with fasting glycemia > 5,1 mmol/l at the irst prenatal visit the results of OGTT met the criteria for GDM (IADPSG) at 24–28 weeks gestation. Total incidence of GDM according to the new criteria (at the irst prenatal visit and after 24 weeks of pregnancy) was 43,4 %. Conclusions. Application of the new Russian criteria leads to a signiicant increase in the frequency of GDM, mainly due to the fasting glucose level at the irst prenatal visit. In women with GDM, diagnosed according to the IADPSG-criteria (but not WHO), such risk factors of GDM as heredity for diabetes mellitus and hypertension before pregnancy were more often identiied compared with women without GDM.
PLASMA RENIN ASSESSMENT AS THE STRATEGY OF HYPERTENSION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Kravtsova O. A. , Pavlova E. A.
Published: December 2018

The recent interest to plasma renin activity (PRA) is due to the opportunity of antihypertensive therapy choice that is based on the understanding of the interrelation between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and mechanisms of water balance mediated by the renal sodium absorption and water retention. PRA is the way to understand the primary mechanism of blood pressure elevation. PRA < 0,65 ng/ml/h indicates the water retention, and hypertension is considered low-renin and «volume-dependent». If PRA is more than 0,65 ng/ml/h hypertension results from excessive renin secretion and RAAS activation.
THE ROLE OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME IN MASKED HYPERTENSION
Authors: Ivanov A. P. , Maltsev K. A. , Elgardt I. A. , Sdobnyakova N. S.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To assess office and outpatient blood pressure (BP) in patients with the persistent and masked hypertension (HTN) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Design and methods. We enrolled 121 subjects with BP increase and verified OSAS by multifunctional monitoring including registration of electrocardiogram, BP and respiration (Кardiotekhnika 04-BP3 (M), St Petersburg, Russia) that were divided into 2 groups: patients with stable and masked HTN.

Results. The groups differed by age, office and ambulatory BP in subjects younger 40 years. Males were prevalent among patients with OSAS and masked HTN. Smoking rate was also higher in this group. Both daytime and nocturnal BP were higher in subjects with OSAS and masked HTN. According to multiple regression analysis there were several predictors of masked HTN in OSAS patients: male gender, high normal BP, smoking and BP elevation at night.

Conclusions. Multifunctional monitoring with the registration of BP and respiration is obligatory in patients with HTN and suspected sleep breathing disorders in order to diagnose latent HTN.
Correlates of Cyberstalking Victimization and Perpetration Among College Students
Authors: van Baak Carlijn , Hayes Brittany E.
Published: December 2018

Few studies have examined theoretical predictors of cyberstalking victimization and offending. The current study, guided by self-control theory and a feminist framework, analyzed predictors of cyberstalking victimization and offending among undergraduate college students (N= 662). College women were at increased risk of cyberstalking victimization, but were also more likely to report having engaged in cyberstalking perpetration. Higher levels of self-control reduced the likelihood of cyberstalking victimization and offending. While Greek life membership and holding adversarial heterosexual beliefs did not affect cyberstalking victimization and offending, gender stereotyping decreased the odds of experiencing cyberstalking victimization. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Workplace Violence Against Iranian Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Azami Milad , Moslemirad Moslem , YektaKooshali Mohammad Hossein , Rahmati Shoboo , Soleymani Ali , Bigdeli Shamloo Marzieh Beigom , Esmaeilpour-Bandboni Mohammad , Khataee Marzieh , Khorshidi Ali , Otaghi Masoumeh
Published: December 2018

Nurses are exposed to workplace violence more than other healthcare professionals. This study aims to examine the prevalence of different types of workplace violence against Iranian nurses. A systematic review and meta-analysis were designed according to the PRISMA statement. To avoid bias, all stages of the research were done independently by two researchers. Eligible studies were retrieved from comprehensive search of several electronic databases included Magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, IranDoc, Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICST), Scientific Information Database (SID), Iranian National Library, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, ISI Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, and Google Scholar until April 2017. A random effects model was applied to combine studies. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2. In 26 studies, 10,858 nurses entered the meta-analysis process. The mean age and work experience of the nurses were 33.5 ± 7.5 and 10.85 ± 10.1 years, respectively. The prevalence of workplace verbal, physical, sexist, and racist violence and threat against Iranian nurses was 80.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] [74.2, 86.0]), 24.8% (95% CI [17.4, 34.0]), 6.7% (95% CI [4.9, 9.2]), 14.6% (95% CI [10.1, 20.7]), and 44% (95% CI [30.1, 58.8]), respectively. The prevalence of verbal and physical violence against the emergency department nurses was 89.7% (95% CI [69.4, 97.1]) and 21.0% (95% CI [12.6, 32.9]), respectively. The highest prevalence of verbal, physical, sexist, and racist violence was from patient’s relative (42.3%, 95% CI [30.7, 54.7]), patients (12.6%, 95% CI [5.9, 25.0]), healthcare workers (5.1%, 95% CI [2.4, 10.4]), and patients (2.3%, 95% CI [0.9, 5.4]), respectively. Given the high prevalence of violence against the nurses in Iran, it is highly necessary to take certain intervention measures and design new policies.
Semblanza al Dr. Freddie Williams Díaz
Authors: Tuesta Da Cruz Orlando
Published: December 2018

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