bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional reactivity, functioning, and C-reactive protein alterations in remitted bipolar patients: Clinical relevance of a dimensional approach
Authors: Dargél Aroldo A , Godin Ophelia , Etain Bruno , Hirakata Vânia , Azorin Jean-Michel , M’Bailara Katia , Bellivier Frank , Bougerol Thierry , Kahn Jean-Pierre , Passerieux Christine , Aubin Valerie , Courtet Philippe , Leboyer Marion , Henry Chantal ,   on behalf of the FACE-BD collaborators
Published: April 2017

Objectives:

Inter-episode mood instability has increasingly been considered in bipolar disorder. This study aimed to investigate emotional reactivity as a major dimension for better characterizing remitted bipolar patients with subthreshold mood symptoms and functional status. This study also aimed to investigate whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, a marker of low-grade inflammation, could be a biological marker of emotional dysregulation in bipolar disorder (BD).

Methods:

Cross-sectional study of 613 subjects who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fourth Edition criteria for BD recruited from the FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise in Bipolar Disorders cohort from 2009 to 2014. All patients had been in remission for at least 3 months before assessment. Patients were classified into three groups according to levels of emotional reactivity. Emotional reactivity was assessed by using the Multidimensional Assessment of Thymic States, and functional status was assessed by the Functioning Assessment Short Test. Clinical characteristics and blood sample were collected from all patients.

Results:

In total, 415 (68%) patients had abnormal emotional reactivity. Independent of potential confounders, including age, gender and subthreshold mood symptoms, serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were significantly higher in patients with emotional hyper-reactivity (median = 4.0 mg/L, interquartile range = 2.7–5.6), and with emotional hypo-reactivity (median = 3.0 mg/L, interquartile range = 1–4) compared with patients with normal emotional reactivity (median = 0.95 mg/L, interquartile range = 0.4–1.9, p < 0.001). Patients with emotional hyper-reactivity showed significant cognitive functioning impairment ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Emotional reactivity appears to be a relevant dimension for better characterizing remitted bipolar patients with subthreshold mood symptoms. Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein may be an objective marker of emotional dysregulation in BD. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
The Transferability of Financial Inclusion Models: A Process-Based Approach
Authors: Pozzebon Marlei , Christopoulos Tania Pereira , Lavoie Frédéric
Published: April 2017

Although a number of microfinance initiatives have improved financial inclusion in various regions of developing countries, the transferability of their foundations from one context to another is still a challenge. This study proposes an innovative process-based model targeting the initial stages of the transfer process that links three interconnected categories: local contextual conditions, transferring practices, and initial developmental consequences. The results were produced through a longitudinal study of the implementation of three community development banks on the periphery of Sao Paulo based on a highly successful Brazilian model known as Banco Palmas. In addition to the process-based model, our findings contribute to the microfinance and bottom of the pyramid (BOP) literatures, showing a cross-fertilization that has been insufficiently explored.
Social Movements as Catalysts for Corporate Social Innovation: Environmental Activism and the Adoption of Green Information Systems
Authors: Carberry Edward J. , Bharati Pratyush , Levy David L. , Chaudhury Abhijit
Published: April 2017

Although the literature on social innovation has focused primarily on social enterprises, social innovation has long occurred within mainstream corporations. Drawing upon recent scholarship on social movements and institutional complexity, we analyze how movements foster corporate social innovation (CSI). Our context is the adoption of green information systems (“green IS”), which are information systems employed to transform organizations and society into more sustainable entities. We trace the historical emergence of green IS as a corporate response to increasing demands for sustainability reporting, a key social innovation that environmental activists helped to create. Drawing upon extensive survey data from more than 400 U.S. firms, we then examine how managers perceived environmental activism in relation to broader field pressures for change and how their perceptions of both were related to green IS adoption. The results reveal that activists were more effective at influencing adoption indirectly by transforming organizational fields than by directly influencing corporate managers. Combined with the historical analysis, these findings suggest that CSI emerged out of ongoing interactions between activists, corporate managers, and other influential actors within a broader social innovation system. Activists helped to create conditions for social innovation, but corporations took the lead in developing new practices.
Aesthetic Rationality in Organizations: Toward Developing a Sensitivity for Sustainability
Authors: Shrivastava Paul , Schumacher Gunter , Wasieleski David M. , Tasic Marco
Published: April 2017

This article explains the coexistence and interaction of aesthetic experience and moral value systems of decision makers in organizations. For this purpose, we develop the concept of “aesthetic rationality,” which is described as a type of value-oriented rationality that serves to encourage sustainable behavior in organizations, and to complete the commonly held, “instrumentally rational” view of organizations. We show that organizations regularly exhibit not only an instrumental rationality but also an “aesthetic rationality,” which is manifested in their products and processes. We describe aesthetics, its underlying moral values, its evolutionary roots, and its links to virtue ethics as a basis for defining the concept of aesthetic rationality. We examine its links with human resources, organizational design, and other organizational elements. We examine these implications, identify how an aesthetic-driven ethic provides a potential for sustainable behavior in organizations, and suggest new directions for organizational research.
Characterization of sandwich beams with shear damages by linear and nonlinear vibration methods
Authors: Ben Ammar Imen , El Mahi Abderrahim , Karra Chafik , El Guerjouma Rachid , Haddar Mohamed
Published: April 2017

The aim of the present work is to study the vibration behavior of sandwich composites with shear damages on the foams. The effect of the densities of damage on the linear and nonlinear vibration parameters is studied. The sandwich materials used in this study is constructed with glass fiber laminates as skins and with PVC closed-cell foams with density 60 and 100 kg m−3 as core. After a serie of vibration tests, the change of natural frequencies and modal damping due to the damage and the foam densities. For an intact specimen, the resonance frequency was constant when we increase the excitation amplitude. For damaged specimens, the resonance frequencies decrease and the loss factors increase proportionally with the increasing excitation amplitude. The nonlinear parameters corresponding to the elastic modulus and damping were determined for each frequency modes and each damage and foam densities. The results showed that nonlinear dissipative parameters were more sensitive to damage than linear elastic and dissipative parameters.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Caries Prevention in Dental Practice
Authors: Tickle M. , O’Neill C. , Donaldson M. , Birch S. , Noble S. , Killough S. , Murphy L. , Greer M. , Brodison J. , Verghis R. , Worthington H.V.
Published: April 2017

We conducted a parallel group randomized controlled trial of children initially aged 2 to 3 y who were caries free, to prevent the children becoming caries active over the subsequent 36 mo. The setting was 22 dental practices in Northern Ireland, and children were randomly assigned by a clinical trials unit (CTU) (using computer-generated random numbers, with allocation concealed from the dental practice until each child was recruited) to the intervention (22,600-ppm fluoride varnish, toothbrush, 50-mL tube of 1,450 ppm fluoride toothpaste, and standardized, evidence-based prevention advice) or advice-only control at 6-monthly intervals. The primary outcome measure was conversion from caries-free to caries-active states. Secondary outcome measures were number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth (dmfs) in caries-active children, number of episodes of pain, and number of extracted teeth. Adverse reactions were recorded. Calibrated external examiners, blinded to the child’s study group, assessed the status of the children at baseline and after 3 y. In total, 1,248 children (624 randomized to each group) were recruited, and 1,096 (549 intervention, 547 control) were included in the final analyses. Eighty-seven percent of intervention and 86% of control children attended every 6-mo visit ( P = 0.77). A total of 187 (34%) in the intervention group converted to caries active compared to 213 (39%) in the control group (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.64–1.04; P = 0.11). Mean dmfs of those with caries in the intervention group was 7.2 compared to 9.6 in the control group ( P = 0.007). There was no significant difference in the number of episodes of pain between groups ( P = 0.81) or in the number of teeth extracted in caries-active children ( P = 0.95). Ten children in the intervention group had adverse reactions of a minor nature. This well-conducted trial failed to demonstrate that the intervention kept children caries free, but there was evidence that once children get caries, it slowed down its progression (EudraCT No: 2009-010725-39; ISRCTN: ISRCTN36180119).
Video-recorded Retail Cannabis Trades in a Low-risk Marketplace
Authors: Moeller Kim
Published: April 2017

Objectives:

This study examines the monetary value of cannabis retail trades and temporal patterns in an open-air market with low legal risks.

Method:

Video footage detail activities of four sellers and transcriptions were provided by the Copenhagen police. Standard bivariate tests of statistical significance are used to examine the influence of time of day and discretionary activities on trade value and temporal patterns.

Results:

The average trade was valued at DKK 159 (∼US$24) and DKK 121 when excluding 16 outliers. Both the rate and monetary value of trades increase as the day progresses. Twice as many trades are made hourly after sunset and significantly more in relation to national holidays and on days before days with extreme weather.

Conclusion:

Under the conditions of low legal risks and easy access to supply, cannabis trades are small and tend to increase in value over the course of a day. The temporal patterns in rates follow user availability of discretionary time.
The demographic characteristics of medicolegal death among welfare recipients in Tokyo Metropolis (2008–2013)
Authors: Suzuki Hideto , Tanifuji Takanobu , Abe Nobuyuki , Fukunaga Tatsushige
Published: April 2017

Background

The number of welfare recipients has steadily increased in Japan during recent years, although the number of homeless persons has decreased. Despite there being many reports regarding medicolegal death among homeless persons, medicolegal death among welfare recipients has not been fully investigated.

Methods

We identified 10,293 individuals who received welfare aid during their lifetime among the 81,867 cases that were examined by the Tokyo Medical Examiner’s Office (2008–2013). We retrospectively compared the proportions of medicolegal death to total population, age, sex, family status, clinical history, and manners/causes of death among non-indigent persons (controls), homeless persons, and welfare recipients.

Results

A higher proportion of medicolegal death to total population was observed among the welfare recipients, compared with the controls. The welfare recipients (65.5 years) were younger than the controls (68.9 years), and the proportions of male sex and living alone were higher among the welfare recipients. Hypertension and circulatory disease were the leading clinical conditions among the welfare recipients. Death due to disease was the leading manner of death, and circulatory disease was the leading cause of death among the welfare recipients. The proportion of individuals with a long period between death and discovery (which made determining the cause of death difficult) was also higher among the welfare recipients.

Conclusion

Welfare recipients have a greater risk of sudden death compared with non-indigent persons. Preventive strategies should target middle-aged to elderly men who live alone, and should address their risks of circulatory diseases and solitary death.
Acute forces required for fatal compression asphyxia: A biomechanical model and historical comparisons
Authors: Kroll Mark W , Still G Keith , Neuman Tom S , Graham Michael A , Griffin Lanny V
Published: April 2017

Background

Fatalities from acute compression have been reported with soft-drink vending machine tipping, motor vehicle accidents, and trench cave-ins. A major mechanism of such deaths is flail chest but the amount of force required is unclear. Between the range of a safe static chest compression force of 1000 N (102 kg with earth gravity) and a lethal dynamic force of 10–20 kN (falling 450 kg vending machines), there are limited quantitative human data on the force required to cause flail chest, which is a major correlate of acute fatal compression asphyxia.

Methods

We modeled flail chest as bilateral fractures of six adjacent ribs. The static and dynamic forces required to cause such a ribcage failure were estimated using a biomechanical model of the thorax. The results were then compared with published historical records of judicial “pressing,” vending machine fatalities, and automobile safety cadaver testing.

Results and conclusion

The modeling results suggest that an adult male requires 2550 ± 250 N of chest-applied distributed static force (260 ± 26 kg with earth gravity) or 4050 ± 320 N of dynamic force to cause flail chest from short-term chest compression.
Gender Differences in Commitment to State Employment: The Role of Coworker Relationships
Authors: Sloan Melissa M.
Published: April 2017

Using survey data from a large sample of state employees, this research investigates gender differences in affective organizational commitment to state employment. Following relational cohesion theory, I hypothesize that perceived emotional support among workers within the workplace is positively associated with affective commitment to state employment. I also expect that women’s greater commitment to state employment compared with men is due to their higher levels of perceived coworker support. The results of the analyses largely support the hypotheses and suggest that public-sector managers would do well to encourage the development of supportive relationships among employees.
Management of Recurrent and Metastatic HPV‐Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Transoral Robotic Surgery
Authors: Sims John R. , Van Abel Kathryn , Martin Eliot J. , Lohse Christine M. , Price Daniel L. , Olsen Kerry D. , Moore Eric J.
Published: April 2017

Objective

To describe management and oncologic outcomes for patients who develop locoregional recurrence (LRR) or distant metastasis (DM) following transoral robotic surgery for human papilloma virus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care referral center.

Subjects and Methods

A total of 286 patients with HPV‐positive OPSCC who underwent transoral robotic surgery–based treatment from May 2007 to May 2015.

Results

Of 286 patients (12.2%), 35 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 19 experienced an LRR and 16 developed a DM; 2 patients with LRR subsequently developed DM. In those patients with an LRR, 79% had T1/T2 tumors, and 47% had N0/N1 nodal disease, compared with 75% and 6% in the DM group, respectively. The median time to LRR or DM was 0.6 years (interquartile range [IQR], 0.4‐1.0) and 1.8 years (IQR, 1.0‐2.1), respectively. Salvage treatment with intent to cure was attempted in 23 patients (16 LRR, 7 DM). The median time from LRR or DM to last follow‐up for the 18 patients who were still alive after salvage was 1.9 years (IQR, 0.4‐3.8; range, 7 days–6.2 years). Estimated cancer‐specific survival rates at 3 years following intent‐to‐cure treatment were 63% (95% CI, 39‐100; number still at risk, 5) in the LRR group and 100% (95% CI, 100‐100; number still at risk, 2) in the DM group.

Conclusion

Overall, LRR and DM for HPV‐positive OPSCC following transoral robotic surgery–based therapy are infrequent. In our subset of patients who underwent intent‐to‐cure treatment, cancer‐specific survival rates were favorable. Therefore, aggressive salvage treatment for LRR and DM for HPV‐positive OPSCC should be recommended for appropriate candidates.
Cochlear Implantation in Inner Ear Malformations: Systematic Review of Speech Perception Outcomes and Intraoperative Findings
Authors: Farhood Zachary , Nguyen Shaun A. , Miller Stephen C. , Holcomb Meredith A. , Meyer Ted A. , Rizk and Habib G.
Published: April 2017

Objective

(1) To analyze reported speech perception outcomes in patients with inner ear malformations who undergo cochlear implantation, (2) to review the surgical complications and findings, and (3) to compare the 2 classification systems of Jackler and Sennaroglu.

Data Sources

PubMed, Scopus (including Embase), Medline, and CINAHL Plus.

Review Methods

Fifty‐nine articles were included that contained speech perception and/or intraoperative data. Cases were differentiated depending on whether the Jackler or Sennaroglu malformation classification was used. A meta‐analysis of proportions examined incidences of complete insertion, gusher, and facial nerve aberrancy. For speech perception data, weighted means and standard deviations were calculated for all malformations for short‐, medium‐, and long‐term follow‐up. Speech tests were grouped into 3 categories—closed‐set words, open‐set words, and open‐set sentences—and then compared through a comparison‐of‐means t test.

Results

Complete insertion was seen in 81.8% of all inner ear malformations (95% CI: 72.6‐89.5); gusher was reported in 39.1% of cases (95% CI: 30.3‐48.2); and facial nerve anomalies were encountered in 34.4% (95% CI: 20.1‐50.3). Significant improvements in average performance were seen for closed‐ and open‐set tests across all malformation types at 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusions

Cochlear implantation outcomes are favorable for those with inner ear malformations from a surgical and speech outcome standpoint. Accurate classification of anatomic malformations, as well as standardization of postimplantation speech outcomes, is necessary to improve understanding of the impact of implantation in this difficult patient population.
System dynamics approach for the economic impacts of ICTs: evidence from Macedonia
Authors: Hristoski Ilija S. , Kostoska Olivera B.
Published: April 2017

Measuring the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on the economy is a major challenge and a research question standing at the forefront of economics in the past years. In terms of methodologies, two approaches have been followed extensively, i.e. the standard growth accounting methodology and the regression-based models. This paper aims at developing an alternative approach to studying the usage and impact of ICTs. For this purpose, a two-step methodology is proposed here. At first, hierarchical cluster analysis is used to provide an objective clustering of countries (Macedonia and EU-28) according to 53 indicator values/scores of the Networked Readiness Index. Furthermore, a system dynamics model is proposed to simulate the evolution of the NRI indicator values for Macedonia. This second step allows for examining the potential of the country to improve its rankings on a global scale and thus, become better at leveraging ICTs for increased competitiveness and well-being. Beyond the rankings, the proposed methodology can serve as a useful guide for those attributes Macedonia should focus on in order to improve its position relative to other countries, i.e. to move from its current to the next higher cluster.
Formalization as confinement in colonial Hong Kong
Authors: Smart Alan , Smart Josephine
Published: April 2017

The nature of informal economies is structured by conflict between governmental strategies of confinement, to places, times and how things are done, and the transgression of these confines by informal actors in pursuit of survival or advantage. This article examines the influential development program of formalization in the context of these conflicts. Informality can be formalized in two ways, by eradication and by regularization. Building on their past ethnographic research on informality, the authors use released confidential Hong Kong colonial government documents to explore the informal discussions among policy makers about how to respond to informal practices, and how their understanding of street vendors influences their chose of confinement strategies. While insisting on eradication for squatters, various forms of regularization were attempted for street vendors.
Substitution of medical cannabis for pharmaceutical agents for pain, anxiety, and sleep
Authors: Piper Brian J , DeKeuster Rebecca M , Beals Monica L , Cobb Catherine M , Burchman Corey A , Perkinson Leah , Lynn Shayne T , Nichols Stephanie D , Abess Alexander T
Published: April 2017

A prior epidemiological study identified a reduction in opioid overdose deaths in US states that legalized medical cannabis (MC). One theory to explain this phenomenon is a potential substitution effect of MC for opioids. This study evaluated whether this substitution effect of MC for opioids also applies to other psychoactive medications. New England dispensary members ( n = 1,513) completed an online survey about their medical history and MC experiences. Among respondents that regularly used opioids, over three-quarters (76.7%) indicated that they reduced their use since they started MC. This was significantly ( p < 0.0001) greater than the patients that reduced their use of antidepressants (37.6%) or alcohol (42.0%). Approximately two-thirds of patients decreased their use of anti-anxiety (71.8%), migraine (66.7%), and sleep (65.2%) medications following MC which significantly ( p < 0.0001) exceeded the reduction in antidepressants or alcohol use. The patient’s spouse, family, and other friends were more likely to know about their MC use than was their primary care provider. In conclusion, a majority of patients reported using less opioids as well as fewer medications to treat anxiety, migraines, and sleep after initiating MC. A smaller portion used less antidepressants or alcohol. Additional research is needed to corroborate these self-reported, retrospective, cross-sectional findings using other data sources.
Managing Collaborative Effort: How Simmelian Ties Advance Public Sector Networks
Authors: Lemaire Robin H. , Provan Keith G.
Published: April 2017

The research reported here is a structural analysis of the significance of ties to network leaders in securing the essential effort necessary to whole, goal-directed network functioning. Drawing on the work of Chester Barnard, we focus on one of Barnard’s three functions of the executive, securing essential effort and then examine the importance of certain network ties for securing effort in a goal-directed network. We specifically focus on Simmelian or mutual third-party ties to network leaders and the conditions under which those Simmelian ties are of greater significance for securing effort. Our study examines the Southern Alberta Child and Youth Network (SACYHN), a multisector publicly funded network that worked to facilitate interorganizational connections to improve child and youth health and well-being. Data were collected via an organizational questionnaire and elite interviews and were analyzed using Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure (MRQAP). Implications are discussed for network management and leadership, for both theory and practice, focusing especially on the role of ties to network leaders in facilitating connections among member organizations working in different domains.
Robust LIDAR localization using multiresolution Gaussian mixture maps for autonomous driving
Authors: Wolcott Ryan W , Eustice Ryan M
Published: April 2017

This paper reports on a fast multiresolution scan matcher for local vehicle localization of self-driving cars. State-of-the-art approaches to vehicle localization rely on observing road surface reflectivity with a 3D light detection and ranging (LIDAR) scanner to achieve centimeter-level accuracy. However, these approaches can often fail when faced with adverse weather conditions that obscure the view of the road paint (e.g. puddles and snowdrifts), poor road surface texture, or when road appearance degrades over time. We present a generic probabilistic method for localizing an autonomous vehicle equipped with a three-dimensional (3D) LIDAR scanner. This proposed algorithm models the world as a mixture of several Gaussians, characterizing the [Formula: see text]-height and reflectivity distribution of the environment—which we rasterize to facilitate fast and exact multiresolution inference. Results are shown on a collection of datasets totaling over 500 km of road data covering highway, rural, residential, and urban roadways, in which we demonstrate our method to be robust through heavy snowfall and roadway repavements.
Disciplining dissent: multicultural policy and the silencing of Arab-Canadians
Authors: Ziadah Rafeef
Published: April 2017

This article examines two cases of state funding cuts to the most prominent and active Arab community organisations operating in Canada, the Canadian Arab Federation and Palestine House. It contextualises the cuts within broader ‘crisis of multiculturalism’ debates imbued with anti-Arab/anti-Muslim racism and the silencing of Palestine advocacy efforts; arguing that the shift to a neoliberal multiculturalism, emptied of anti-racist politics, along with the construction of national identities around a set of western ‘core values’ has advanced a marginalising politics that demarcates a ‘civilisational’ border which excludes Arabs, Muslims, and by extension Palestine solidarity. Curtailing freedom of expression, partly through funding cuts, thus becomes a key mechanism for disciplining dissent in racialised communities.
Roma: the invisible workforce of Ostrava
Authors: ČernušÁková Barbora
Published: April 2017

Roma in the Czech Republic (as in a number of other European countries) are, in the public imagination, ‘social parasites’ who do not work, are not interested in working and opt for life on benefits instead. This article, based on ethnographic research in the city of Ostrava, reveals the contrary. Roma workers clean the streets and trains, fix the city’s road infrastructure, dig up roads and replace water and gas pipelines. One reason for the ‘invisibility’ of Roma work is that officially it does not exist. For much of it is carried out without an employment contract and is informal. Roma labour in Ostrava is highly racialised and Roma as a group constitute a significant part of the ‘reserve army of labour’. This does not mean their total exclusion from the labour force; rather it involves highly unstable, socially insecure and often physically dangerous forms of labour.
Archives, race, class and rage
Authors: Prescod Colin
Published: April 2017

This is an edited version of a keynote speech to the annual conference of the Archives and Records Association 2016 in which a leading black British cultural curator, using the concept of ‘reparative histories’, charts his own involvement in and knowledge of recent milestones in black cultural heritage intervention in the UK. Referencing the London Mayor’s Commission on African and Asian Heritage, the museum world’s marking of the ‘2007 bi-centenary of the Act abolishing the Atlantic slave trade’ and the significant ‘No Colour Bar’ archive and art exhibition of 2015, he challenges archivists to understand the issue not as the need to simply ‘include’ Black experience, but to allow Black agency in the making of the record.
Return to Sport and Recreational Activity After Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Knee
Authors: Nielsen E. Scott , McCauley Julie C. , Pulido Pamela A. , Bugbee William D.
Published: April 2017

Background:

Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is an integral part of the cartilage repair paradigm, but insufficient data are available regarding return to sport or recreational activity after the procedure.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine if athletic patients undergoing OCA transplantation returned to sport, assess reasons for not returning to sport, and ascertain patient and graft-related characteristics that differed between those who returned or did not return to sport. The secondary aims were to assess graft survivorship and patient-reported subjective outcome measures (pain, function, satisfaction) among athletic patients undergoing OCA transplantation.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We identified 149 knees in 142 patients who participated in sport or recreational activity before a cartilage injury (45% highly competitive athletes and 55% well-trained and frequently sporting) and underwent OCA transplantation in the knee. The mean age was 31.2 years and 58.4% were male. Information on preinjury and postoperative participation in sport or recreational activity was collected. Patients not returning to sport after OCA transplantation were mailed a questionnaire to assess why. Postoperative pain, function, and satisfaction scores were obtained, and further surgery on the operative knee was documented.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 6 years, 75.2% of knees returned to sport or recreational activity. Among those who did not return to sport, knee-related issues and lifestyle changes were cited as reasons why. Patients who did not return to sport were more likely to be female, have injured their knee in an activity other than sport, and have a larger graft size. The diagnosis and anatomic location also differed. Overall, 71% of knees reported having “very good” to “excellent” function, and 79% were able to participate in a high level of activity (moderate, strenuous, or very strenuous) postoperatively. After OCA transplantation, 25.5% of knees underwent further surgery; 14 knees (9.4% of entire cohort) were considered allograft failures. Among the 135 knees that had the graft remaining in situ, pain and function improved from preoperatively to the latest follow-up on all measures, and 91% of patients were satisfied with the results of the surgery.

Conclusion:

OCA transplantation is a successful treatment option for athletes and highly active patients who sustain a cartilage injury to their knee. The majority of patients returned to sport or recreational activity.
The 2015 National Canadian Homeless Youth Survey: Mental Health and Addiction Findings
Authors: Kidd Sean A. , Gaetz Stephen , O’Grady Bill
Published: April 2017

Objective:

This study was designed to provide a representative description of the mental health of youth accessing homelessness services in Canada. It is the most extensive survey in this area to date and is intended to inform the development of mental health and addiction service and policy for this marginalized population.

Methods:

This study reports mental health–related data from the 2015 “Leaving Home” national youth homelessness survey, which was administered through 57 agencies serving homeless youth in 42 communities across the country. This self-reported, point-in-time survey assessed a broad range of demographic information, pre-homelessness and homelessness variables, and mental health indicators.

Results:

Survey data were obtained from 1103 youth accessing Canadian homelessness services in the Nunavut territory and all Canadian provinces except for Prince Edward Island. Forty-two per cent of participants reported 1 or more suicide attempts, 85.4% fell in a high range of psychological distress, and key indicators of risk included an earlier age of the first episode of homelessness, female gender, and identifying as a sexual and/or gender minority (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and 2 spirit [LGBTQ2S]).

Conclusions:

This study provides clear and compelling evidence of a need for mental health support for these youth, particularly LGBTQ2S youth and female youth. The mental health concerns observed here, however, must be considered in the light of the tremendous adversity in all social determinants faced by these youth, with population-level interventions best leveraged in prevention and rapid response.
Building Better Bridges: Teaching Adolescents Who Are Poor Readers in Eighth Grade to Comprehend History Text
Authors: O’Connor Rollanda E. , Beach Kristen D. , Sanchez Victoria , Bocian Kathleen M. , Roberts Sarana , Chan Olivia
Published: April 2017

Helping struggling readers to learn history content in middle school can be difficult due to heavy reading demands. In this study, researchers taught poor readers with and without disabilities in eighth grade to generate main idea statements; create, compare, and contrast paragraphs; and identify cause and effect relations, along with relevant multisyllabic word study and vocabulary, as they read history text. The 34 participating students included 14 with disabilities and 20 without disabilities, who scored below the 5th percentile in reading, on average. The results were compared across special education and English learner status and with 81 typical readers from the same classes who studied the same units of history. Treated students made significant gains in use of these strategies, and poor readers with and without disabilities performed similar to their typical reader classmates in two of the three strategies following instruction. The instructional routines for each strategy are described.
Managing Expectations to Create High Performance Government
Authors: Blackman Deborah A. , Buick Fiona , O’Flynn Janine , O’Donnell Michael , West Damian
Published: April 2017

Enhanced performance has been the focus of public administration and management research for years. High performance organizations have characteristics that differentiate them from others; they also utilize high performance work practices (HPWPs). A core HPWP is performance management, which seeks to align individual performance with organizational outcomes. We posit that performance management can enable high performance through managing employee expectations. Drawing on a study undertaken in the Australian Public Service, we demonstrate how using an expectancy theory lens helps explain how performance management can support high performance. We suggest that all three elements of expectancy theory—valance, expectancy, and instrumentality—need to be in place to support the creation of goal and role clarity, critical components of high performance. This offers practitioners a way of structuring effective conversations and scholars the opportunity to consider the theoretical implications of linking expectancy theories, performance management, and high performance.
Hyperlactatemia Predicts Citrate Intolerance With Regional Citrate Anticoagulation During Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Tan Jia-Neng , Haroon Sabrina Wong Peixin , Mukhopadhyay Amartya , Lau Titus , Murali Tanusya M. , Phua Jason , Tan Zong-Yao , Lee Nicholas , Chua Horng-Ruey
Published: April 2017

Purpose:

We aim to determine whether hyperlactatemia, which suggests multi-organ dysfunction and impaired organic substrate metabolism, may predict intolerance to regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH).

Methods:

We performed a single-center, retrospective observational study in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury or end-stage renal disease and evaluated the association of peak serum lactate levels with citrate intolerance (CI) during the initial 72 hours of RCA-CVVH, defined by serum total-to-ionized calcium >2.5 plus systemic hypocalcemia.

Results:

Eighty-eight patients were studied (aged 59 ± 14 years, 66% males, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II: 31 ± 8). Citrate was dosed at median 2.1 mmol/L of blood flow, with citrate load of 30 mmol/h, and CVVH effluent of 43 mL/kg/h. Twenty patients developed CI. Comparing patients with CI versus none, peak lactate levels were 8 (5-11) versus 3 (2-6) mmol/L, calcium replacement was 13 (10-17) versus 11 (8-12) mmol/h, and standard base excess was −4 (−12 to 1) versus 2(−4 to 7) mmol/L, respectively ( P < .05). Citrate intolerance developed in 38%, 44%, and 55%, in patients with peak lactate >4, >6, >7 mmol/L, respectively, versus 7% in those with peak lactate ≤4 mmol/L ( P ≤ .001), despite comparable citrate load and effluent rates across all categories. On multivariate analysis, hyperlactatemia and hyperbilirubinemia predicted CI ( P ≤ .01), which was associated with increasing calcium infusion requirement. Higher peak lactate from >4 to >7 mmol/L predicted CI with graded increase in odds ratio and specificity from 59% to 87%, but the corresponding negative predictive value from 93% to 87%. Area under nonparametric receiver operating characteristic curve for peak lactate and CI was 0.78.

Conclusion:

Hyperlactatemia predicts CI during RCA-CVVH with reasonable discriminatory performance in critically ill patients. Serum lactate surveillance may help preempt issues with citrate toxicity.
Women secondary head teachers in England
Authors: Fuller Kay
Published: April 2017

The underrepresentation of women in secondary school headship in England and elsewhere is an early and longstanding theme in the women and gender in educational leadership literature. The purpose of this article is to report findings from a statistical survey of secondary school head teachers across England. Data available in the public domain on school websites have been collated during a single academic year to present a new picture of where women lead secondary schools in England. Mapping the distribution of women by local authority continues to show considerable unevenness across the country. This article argues that a geographical perspective still has value. It might influence the mobilization of resources to targeted areas and ultimately result in women’s proportionate representation in school leadership. Alongside this is a need for schools and academy trusts to comply with the Public Sector Equality Duty.
Combined effects of viscosity and surface roughness on electric submersible pump performance
Authors: Siddique MH , Samad Abdus , Husain Afzal
Published: April 2017

An electric submersible pump that lifts crude oil from well bore is a type of multi-stage centrifugal pump. The unexpected wellbore conditions like change in pumping fluid viscosity and sand production severely affect pump performance and eventually lead to breakdown. The present study proposes a numerical approach to understand the effects of fluid viscosity and surface roughness of the flow passages in an electric submersible pump at design and off-design conditions. A three-dimensional numerical analysis was carried out by solving Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with shear stress transport turbulence model to characterize performance of the pump. The pumping fluids, i.e., water and crude oils of different viscosities were analyzed for different surface roughness ( Ks) values. The model predictions were compared with a theoretical one-dimensional model for the effect of viscosity and surface roughness. It was found that the disc-friction and the skin-friction losses are sensitive hydraulic losses of which the disc-friction loss increases with increase in viscosity, whereas skin-friction loss decreases with increase in surface roughness at high viscosity. The combined effect of viscosity and roughness showed a complicated behavior and eventually an improvement in pump performance at a higher surface roughness compared to a smoother and lowers surface roughness.
Embedded survey study harms colorectal cancer screening attendance: Experiences from Finland 2010 to 2015
Authors: Helander Sanni , Sarkeala Tytti , Malila Nea
Published: April 2017

Objective

We previously found that administering a pre-screening lifestyle questionnaire lowered the subsequent attendance proportion in the first-ever colorectal cancer screening. We sought to determine whether the effect continued in subsequent screening rounds.

Methods

The eligible survey cohort ( n = 10,375) received a follow-up questionnaire in 2012, and in 2013, they were invited for colorectal cancer screening for the second time. For the third screening round, in 2015, no questionnaires were sent in the previous year. Screening attendance in 2013 and in 2015 was examined in relation to survey mailings.

Results

The colorectal cancer screening attendance rate in 2013 was 58.4% in the survey population, and 63.9% in those not surveyed ( P < 0.001). In 2015, the screening attendance rate was 61.7% among those who had been sent the questionnaires in 2010 and in 2012, and 66.2% in those not surveyed ( P < 0.001). The reduction in screening attendance was greater at the second (2013) round than at the first (2011).

Conclusion

The effect of the initial survey seemed to continue even when no questionnaires were being sent. Attendance among those who had been sent questionnaires earlier did not reach the level of the group that was never surveyed.
The Effects of Capital Flows on Economic Growth in Senegal
Authors: Adams Samuel , Klobodu Edem Kwame Mensah , Lamptey Richmond Odartey
Published: April 2017

This article examines the effects of capital flows on economic growth in Senegal using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) over the period 1970–2014. Overall, our results show that remittances cause economic growth in Senegal in the long run. In contrast, external debt has a negative impact on economic growth. The ARDL results, however, show no cointegration between aid and growth or between foreign direct investment (FDI) and growth. The Quandt–Andrews breakpoint test selects year 1991 as the most likely breakpoint location for the remittances–growth equation. Finally, time-varying parameter analyses using the year 1991 as a slope dummy reveal that remittances have been growth-enhancing post-1991. Therefore, government and policy makers in Senegal must create a favourable atmosphere for attracting more remittances to promote economic development.

JEL: F21, F24, F35, F34, O10
Financial Integrational Effects on Macroeconomic Instability in India
Authors: Niranjan R.
Published: April 2017

The nexus between international financial integration and economic growth continues to be one of the most debated issues among macroeconomists, and these debates often raise several issues from the theoretical and policy perspectives. Financial integration can catalyse financial development, improve governance and impose discipline on macro-policies. However, in the absence of a basic pre-existing level of supporting conditions, financial integration can aggravate instability (Khadraoui, 2010). In addition, economic theory suggests that increased financial openness intensifies macroeconomic instability. This article investigates the financial integrational effects on macroeconomic instability in terms of output, consumption and investment volatility by employing the vector error correction model (VECM) with empirically reasonably parameters for an emerging economy, India, for the period 1989–2014. From the results, it is evident that financial openness has had a significant effect on output, consumption and investment volatility. Financial development has had a statistically significant negative effect on output, consumption and investment volatility. Similarly, trade openness and terms of trade significantly influence output, consumption and investment volatility.

JEL Classification: F36, F41, F43, E32
A clinical update on posttraumatic stress disorder in burn injury survivors
Authors: McLean Loyola , Chen Runsen , Kwiet Julia , Streimer Jeffrey , Vandervord John , Kornhaber Rachel
Published: April 2017

Objectives:

Burn injuries are complex traumatic events carrying high risks of acute physical and psychosocial morbidity. With greater survival, clinical and research attention has turned to psychosocial recovery outcomes and risk factors. It is timely to summarise current issues in posttraumatic disorders after burn injury for mental health and integrative care clinicians. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common outcome of severe burn injury. There are difficulties in delivering current best practice treatments to many survivors especially those in rural and remote areas and those with comorbidities. Vicarious traumatization of clinicians, families and carers requires attention and internationally there are moves to psychosocial screening and outcome tracking.

Conclusions:

The role of the multidisciplinary treatment, integrated and trauma-informed care is essential. While level 1 evidence for PTSD treatments theoretically applies, adaptations that consider comorbidities and treatment contexts are often essential with further research required.
Spontaneous neoplasms in captive Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana): a retrospective case series (1989–2014) and review of the literature
Authors: Pope Jenny P. , Donnell Robert L.
Published: April 2017

This retrospective project summarizes the types of neoplasms identified in Virginia opossums ( Didelphis virginiana) presented to the University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine (UTCVM) postmortem service in 1989–2014 and serves as a review of the literature. Of the 85 Virginia opossums identified from the UTCVM case database, there were 17 diagnoses of neoplasia from 12 cases (14%). These cases included 8 females, 2 males, and 2 neutered males. All opossums with known ages (11 of 12) were >2 y old. Pulmonary tumors, specifically minimally invasive or lepidic-predominant adenocarcinomas, were the most common diagnosis and accounted for 53% (9 of 17) of the neoplasms. Additional tumors included acute myeloid leukemia with eosinophil maturation, hepatic hemangiosarcoma, sarcoma (unknown origin), squamous cell carcinoma, disseminated mast cell tumor, trichoblastoma, thyroid adenoma, and an osteoma. These findings serve as a reference for the types of spontaneous neoplasms in Virginia opossums; based on these findings, neoplasia should be considered as a differential in mature captive Virginia opossums.
“I Love Knowing That What I’m Doing Has Purpose”: Male Instrumentalists Who Choose to Teach Elementary General Music
Authors: Shouldice Heather Nelson
Published: April 2017

Few entering music education students plan to teach in an elementary general music (EGM) setting, and the majority of those who teach EGM are female and have vocalist backgrounds. The purpose of this collective case study was to examine six male instrumentalists’ decisions to pursue a career in EGM teaching rather than secondary instrumental music. Analysis of interview data revealed three emergent themes: (a) development of a new schema for EGM, (b) teacher beliefs and identity, and (c) tension between autonomy and the perceived “status quo” in traditional instrumental music education. Findings suggest music teacher educators should be aware of the power of “detracked” coursework in music teacher preparation programs as well as the factors that might influence individuals to choose a career in EGM teaching and/or deter them from choosing a career in secondary instrumental music teaching.