bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesiaans Denken voor Peuters
Authors: Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: November 2020

[This is a Dutch translation of "Bayesian Thinking for Toddlers"] Bayesiaans denken is eenvoudig, en peuters doen niet anders. Het leidende principe is ervaringsleren: hypotheses die de data goed voorspellen worden meer waarschijnlijk, en hypotheses die de data slecht voorspellen worden minder waarschijnlijk. Hypothese A is bijvoorbeeld “Om 6 uur ‘s ochtends liggen mijn ouders vaak nog te slapen” en hypothese B is “Om 6 uur ‘s ochtends zijn mijn ouders vaak al wakker.” Als een peuter wakker wordt om 6 uur en merkt dat zijn ouders nog slapen dan verhoogt dit de waarschijnlijkheid van hypothese A en verlaagt dit de waarschijnlijkheid van hypothese B. Gemakkelijk dus! Ingewijden zullen opmerken dat onder de dekmantel van het dinosaurusverhaal concepten schuilgaan zoals het scheermes van Ockham, coherente aanpassing van kennis, en het kansbegrip als mate van redelijke overtuiging. Statistici herkennen het “prequential principle” van Phil Dawid. Peuters zijn allicht meer geboeid door de dinosaurussen.
A Meta-analysis of the Relation Between Math Anxiety and Math Achievement
Authors: Barroso Connie , Ganley Colleen Marie , McGraw Amanda , Geer Elyssa A , Hart Sara Ann , Daucourt Mia Cristina
Published: November 2020

Meta-analyses from the 1990s have previously established a significant, small-to-moderate, and negative correlation between math achievement and math anxiety. Since these publications, research has continued to investigate this relation with more diverse samples and measures. Thus, the goal of the present meta-analysis was to provide an update of the math anxiety-math achievement relation and its moderators. Analyzing 747 effect sizes accumulated from research conducted between 1992 and 2018, we found a small-to-moderate, negative, and statistically significant correlation (r = -.28) between math anxiety and math achievement. The relation was significant for all moderator subgroups, with the exception of the relation between math anxiety and assessments measuring the approximate number system. Grade level, math ability level, adolescent/adult math anxiety scales, math topic of anxiety scale, and math assessments were significant moderators of this relation. There is also a tendency for published studies to report significantly stronger correlations than unpublished studies but, overall, large, negative effect sizes are under-reported. Our results are consistent with previous findings of a significant relation between math anxiety and math achievement. This association starts in childhood, remains significant through adulthood, is smaller for students in grades 3 through 5 and postsecondary school, is larger for math anxiety than for statistics anxiety and for certain math anxiety scales, and is smaller for math exam grades and samples selected for low math ability. This work supports future research efforts to determine effective math achievement and math anxiety interventions, which may be most helpful to implement during childhood.
Humans depart from optimal computational models of socially interactive decision-making under partial information
Authors: Steixner-Kumar Saurabh , Rusch Tessa , Doshi Prashant , Gläscher Jan , Spezio Michael
Published: November 2020

Decision making under uncertainty and under incomplete evidence in multiagent settings is of increasing interest in decision science, assistive robotics, and machine assisted cognition. The degree to which human agents depart from computationally optimal solutions in socially interactive settings is generally unknown. Yet, this knowledge is critical for advances in these areas. Such understanding also provides insight into how competition and cooperation affect human interaction and the underlying contributions of Theory of Mind. In this paper, we adapt the well-known ‘Tiger Problem’ from artificial-agent research to human participants in single agent and interactive, dyadic settings under both competition and cooperation. A novel element of the adaptation required participants to predict the actions of their dyadic partners in the interactive Tiger Tasks, to facilitate explicit Theory of Mind processing. Compared to computationally optimal solutions, participants gathered less information before outcome-related decision when competing with others and collected more evidence when cooperating with others. These departures from optimality were not haphazard but showed evidence of improved performance through learning across sessions. Costly errors resulted under conditions of competition, yielding both lower rates of rewarding actions and lower accuracy in predicting the actions of others, compared to prediction accuracy in cooperation. Taken together, the experiments and collected data provide a novel approach and insights into studying human social interaction and human-machine interaction when shared information is partial.
Much ado about nothing: The mental representation of omissive relations
Authors: Khemlani Sangeet , Bello Paul , Briggs Gordon , Harner Hillary , Wasylyshyn Christina
Published: November 2020

When the absence of an event causes some outcome, it is an instance of omissive causation. For instance, not eating lunch may cause you to be hungry. Recent psychological proposals concur that the mind represents causal relations, including omissive causal relations, through mental simulation, but they disagree on the form of that simulation. One theory states that people represent omissive causes as force vectors; another states that omissions are representations of contrasting counterfactual simulations; a third argues that people think about omissions by representing sets of iconic possibilities – mental models – in a piecemeal fashion. In this paper, we tease apart the empirical predictions of the three theories and describe experiments that run counter to two of them. Experiments 1 and 2 show that reasoners can infer temporal relations from omissive causes – a pattern that contravenes the force theory. Experiment 3 asked participants to list the possibilities consistent with an omissive cause – it found that they tended to list particular privileged possibilities first, most often, and faster than alternative possibilities. The pattern is consistent with the model theory, but inconsistent with the contrast hypothesis. We marshal the evidence and explain why it helps to solve a long-standing debate about how the mind represents omissions.
How Adolescents Develop and Implement Their Ideas? On Self-Regulation of Creative Action
Authors: Zielińska Aleksandra , Lebuda Izabela , Ivcevic Zorana , Karwowski Maciej
Published: November 2020

This study explores how adolescents regulate their activity while working on creative projects. A large sample (N = 739) of Polish adolescents reported on their most creative, complex project conducted within the last year and answered retrospectively framed self-regulation items related to this specific activity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated a consistent pattern of self-regulation, capturing pre-task self-regulatory strategies (obstacles expectations, uncertainty acceptance), during-task strategies (adjusting approach, managing and reframing ambiguous goals, emotion regulation and dealing with obstacles), and post-task strategies (improving approach, readiness for sharing). Participants’ personality, creative self-concept, and creative mindsets were robustly related to the different strategies reported. Additionally, strategies resulted in differences in judges-assessed creativity of the projects conducted. We discuss the theoretical consequences and future research directions for creative self-regulation studies.
Pengaruh Efisiensi Manajemen Modal Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Operasi Perusahaan (Studi Pada Indexperusahaan Manufaktur Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: Madi Riski Amalia , Akzan Al
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara empiris faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efisiensi manajemen modal kerja terhadap kinerja operasi perusahaan. Penelitian ini diuji dengan lima variabel independen yaitu cash conversion cycle (CCC)), current ratio(CR), Net Working Capital Ratio (NWCR), Current Assets Turnover (CAT), Inventory Turnover dan satu variabel dependen yaitu Earning Before Interest Tax(EBIT).Objek pada pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, dengan menggunakan teknik Purposive sampling. Penulis memilih dua puluh enam perusahaan sebagai sampel. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dan uji hipotesis dan juga dilakukan uji asumsi klasik yang terdiri dari uji normalitas, uji multikolineritas, uji heterokedastisitas, uji autokerasiHasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa variabel cash conversion cycle (CCC)) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap dan Earning Before Interest Tax(EBIT), current ratio(CR) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Earning Before Interest Tax(EBIT), Net Working Capital Ratio (NWCR) berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Earning Before Interest Tax(EBIT), Current Assets Turnover (CAT) berpengaruh negative signifikan terhadap Earning Before Interest Tax(EBIT), dan Inventory Turnover berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Earning Before Interest Tax(EBIT).
Study of the antero-posterior position of the mental foramen in the Nepalese population using digital Panoramic Radiograph
Authors: Khanal Pranaya , Chaudhary Bikash , Twayana Rajesh
Published: November 2020

Background: Mental foramen is an important landmark to be considered when operating in the anterior mandible. It is mandatory to identify the location of the foramen to prevent injury to mental nerve and subsequent paresthesia.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the position of the mental foramen in relation to the mandibular premolars and first molar in patients visiting Kathmandu Medical College, Department of Oral Surgery, Duwakot using the Orthopantomogram.

Methodology: A total of 200 digital panoramic radiographs of 92 males and 108 females in the age range of 20-50 years were collected. Consequently, 184 mental foraminain males and 216 mental foraminain females were evaluated. The outline of the mandible along with canine, first premolar, second premolar, and first molar was traced. The mental foramen opening was also traced and the position wasevaluated in relation to the first, second premolars and first molar.

Results: Out of 400 foramina, 217 (54.2%) were located between the first and second premolar, i.e. position 3. The second most commonlocationof 152 (38%) foramina was in line with the second premolar, i.e. position 4. Position 2, i.e. in line with the first premolar was seen in 4% and position 5, i.e. between the second premolar and first molar was seen in 3.5%. The left side (29.2%) had a higher occurrence of position 3 as compared to the right side (25%).

Conclusion: The location of mental foramen should be identified in all surgeries involving the anterior mandible as this will help us prevent injury to the mental nerve.In our population, position 3 was the most common location of the mental foramen.
Acute appendicitis and acute mesenteric adenitis in children: Are they clinically distinguishable?
Authors: Pokhrel Manish
Published: November 2020

Background: Acute appendicitis and acute mesenteric adenitis have very similar clinical presentations but radically different treatment approaches in children.

Objectives: This study aims to test the possibility of clinically distinguishing between acute appendicitis and acute mesenteric adenitis.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was designed to recruit all children (<16 years) presenting to Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital with acute abdominal pain between July 2019 and November 2019. An initial diagnosis was made using clinical and laboratory data. Then all patients were subjected to ultrasound evaluation. The final diagnosis was based on the radiological or histopathological examination. The Paediatric Appendicitis score was calculated retrospectively, and a logistic regression model was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical parameters.

Results: A total of 107 patients were analysed. Among them, 31(28.97%) had acute appendicitis and 34 (31.77%) had acute mesenteric adenitis as the final diagnosis. The positive predictive value of clinical diagnosis was 0.91 for acute appendicitis and 0.73 for acute mesenteric adenitis, for Paediatric Appendicitis Score was 0.77 and for the predictive model to diagnose acute mesenteric adenitis was 0.89. Ultrasound had a positive predictive value of 0.97 to diagnose acute appendicitis and 0.94 to diagnose acute mesenteric adenitis.

Conclusion: Although several clinical parameters show promise in differentiating AA from AMA, relying solely on clinical differentiation is not accurate enough to prevent diagnostic errors. It is still recommended to utilise abdominal ultrasound for the assessment of abdominal pain in children.
Laparoscopic pyeloplasty for pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction: Our single center experience
Authors: Joshi Robin
Published: November 2020

Background: Open pyeloplasty is considered as the gold standard for the treatment of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has added advantages with equivalent success rate and low complication rate.

Objectives: The aim is to study our experiences in laparoscopic retroperitoneal and transperitoneal pyeloplasty.

Methodology: Sixty-five patients with pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction were included in the study. The study was conducted between October 2016 and May 2019 at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction was evaluated by ultrasound and intravenous or computed tomography urography. Clinical history, hospital stay, complications, success rate and functional outcome were analyzed. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences,version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). A p-value < 0.05 was taken as significant. Followup of the patients was carried out for six to twelve months clinically and radiologically.

Results: Laparoscopic transperitoneal pyeloplasty was performed in 27 males and 8 females. Retroperitoneal pyeloplasty was performed in 30 cases (20 males and 10 females). The mean age was 20.26 ± 3.92 years for all cases. Operative time was longer in retroperitoneal group. There were four conversions in retroperitoneal group. Mean hospital stay was longer in retroperitoneal group with significant p-value<0.001. Success rate was almost similar in both groups with insignificant p-value of 0.46.

Conclusion: Transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty group achieved better results than retroperitoneal pyeloplasty group in terms of hospital stay, complication and drain placement but with almost similar success rate.
Volar versus dorsal surgical approaches in fractures of proximal radius in adults: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rijal Nishchal , Shrestha Bikram Prasad , Kalawar Rosan PS , Pokharel Bishnu , Baral Pramod
Published: November 2020

Background: Open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws is the standard treatment for both-bone forearm fractures in adults. For fractures of the proximal one-third or half of the radius, both the volar (Henry) and dorsal (Thompson) approaches are employed and each one has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the functional outcome, intraoperative parameters, complications and duration of union between the two approaches.

Methodology: The randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, over a period of 12 months (October 2017 to September 2018). Fifty patients with proximal radius fractures were randomized into two groups: Group A and Group B. Patients in Group A (n=25) underwent surgery via the volar approach whereas those in Group B (n=25) via the dorsal approach. They were evaluated on the second postoperative day and at 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively with regards to functional outcome, clinical and radiologic signs of fracture union and complications.

Results: The difference in the intraoperative parameters (length of incision, duration of surgery, tourniquet time) was not statistically significant between the two groups (p-values > 0.05). There was a progressive increase in range of motion (ROM) and a progressive decrease in the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores, signifying improving functional outcome in both the groups during patient follow-up (p-values > 0.05). Three cases of posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) palsies (one in the volar group and two in the dorsal group), one case of deep surgical site infection in the volar group and one case of nonunion in the dorsal group were encountered.

Conclusion: The surgical approaches were comparable in terms of functional outcome, intraoperative parameters, complications and time to union. Though cases with PIN palsy were seen in both the groups, the difference in the occurrences was not statistically significant. As both the approaches were associated with a low rate of complications, either can be used based on the preference of the operating surgeon. However, large scale multicenter studies are necessary to recommend guidelines on the choice of surgical approach for proximal radius fractures in adults.
Robotics in Education. A Survey Report: A Case Study
Authors: Smyrnova-Trybulska Eugenia , Staniek Dawid , Zegzuła Dominika
Published: November 2020

This article analyses various aspects of using robotics in education and examines the level of preparation and motivation of children and pupils. The authors carry out a comprehensive review of research and scientific publications regarding technological, didactical, methodological, and human aspects of using robotics in education. The article presents a report on a survey on pupils’ opinion on robotics in education, which was conducted during the third Silesian Science Festival, and discusses the exhibition stand presenting innovative digital technologies and methods in education and business as well as Photon robots.
Innovative Digital Technologies in Education and Business at the Third Annual Silesian Science Festival 2019
Authors: Smyrnova-Trybulska Eugenia , Zegzuła Dominika , Staniek Dawid
Published: November 2020

The Silesian Science Festival is an annual event organised by the University of Silesia in Katowice in cooperation with the Silesian University of Technology, Medical University of Silesia, the Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Academy of Fine Arts in Katowice, and The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice. At the festival, specialists from almost all scientific/academic fields meet in one place.
Collaboration, Sonic Imagination, and Dramaturgy in Sound Design: A Conversation with Deanna H. Choi and Richard Feren
Authors: Johnson Megan , King Moynan
Published: November 2020

This interview with prominent Canadian sound designers Deanna H. Choi and Richard Feren excavates the conventions of sound design, elucidates the nature of sound in theatrical space, and grapples with questions about the art of listening and the veracity of realism.
Writing with Sound in What We Deserve
Authors: Keleta-Mae Naila
Published: November 2020

Sound is a compelling and effective performance device for art concerned with social justice because of its ability to situate a performer, an audience, and a performance in cultural, historical, and political contexts. This article details the creative process of the author, which includes speaking the text aloud prior to writing it on the page in order to prioritize how the words sound together instead of how they visually appear on the page. Critically, this practice creates a focused consideration of the use of space on the page to invite practitioners and audience members to explore their own imaginations at moments in the performance without text as a guide. The hope is that prioritizing the embodiment of sound in the creation and writing process will facilitate practitioners’ and audience members’ ability to experience this new play, What We Deserve (an excerpt of which is included in this article), on stage and the page, not only as an interrogation of systems of oppression but also as an expression of a worldview that centres justice.
A Rude Sound: Notes on Suck Teeth Compositions
Authors: Moriah Kristin
Published: November 2020

What does Black Canada sound like, and how has this sound been perceived? What does performance and art have to do with it? This article examines the use of sound in performative critiques of anti-Blackness and suggests that sounding and listening are vital strategies in the struggle for racial justice in Canada. I draw on Black feminist cultural criticism and art, linguistics, and sound studies to reveal the how sucking teeth defines Black Canadian sound and culture in a way that is clearly related to, yet distinct from, the Black culture of the United States and the wider Black diaspora. I focus on the soundscape of Toronto because it remains so sharply defined by Afro-Caribbean migration. This phenomenon is particularly evident when we examine Artist Michèle Pearson Clarke’s Suck Teeth Compositions (After Rashaad Newsome) (2018).
Progress!: Review of the Progress International Festival of Performance and Ideas, The Theatre Centre, Toronto, 30 January–15 February 2020
Authors: Knowles Ric
Published: November 2020

“Progress!” is a review of the Progress International Festival of Performance and Ideas at The Theatre Centre, Toronto, 30 January–15 February 2020, a serially curated live-arts festival produced by SummerWorks. The review pays particular attention to Certified by Jan Derbyshire and Cuckoo by Jaha Koo.
Breaking Bread with New Invited Guests
Authors: La Flamme Michelle
Published: November 2020

In this review of Performing Turtle Island: Indigenous Theatre on the World Stage, Michelle La Flamme brings her experience in the field of Indigenous performance to a focused reading of the newest edited volume on Indigenous theatre. La Flamme outlines the significant pedagogical, dramaturgical, and personal insights on performance practice that are offered by Indigenous actors, directors, and educators committed to decolonizing theatre. She traces the strengths of the book and, at the same time, notes ways in which Indigenous performance scholarship might develop as it makes room for new forms and voices.
Listening to Islamic Praises (Dzikr) is More Effective in Reducing Perioperative Anxiety Levels when Compared to Nature-Based Sounds in Muslim Patients Undergoing Surgery Under Regional Anaesthesia
Authors: A Samsudin , N Yahya , WR Wan Mat , A Masdar , CY Liu , A Izaham
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Many studies have investigated the effects of music on perioperative anxiety and its implication on anaesthetic practice, however there are limited number of studies reported for religious or spiritual intervention in this aspect. We investigated the effects of listening to Islamic praises (Dzikr) and nature-based sounds delivered via headphones as non-pharmacological interventions for perioperative anxiety. Materials and Methods: Sixty-three Muslim patients scheduled for elective lower limb surgery under regional anaesthesia were randomly assigned to listen to Dzikr (Group A), nature-based sounds (Group B) or given headphones without any sounds (Group C). Anxiety levels were assessed using a visual analogue scale for anxiety (VAS-A). Physiological responses (mean arterial pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate) as well as patients’ overall satisfaction level were documented. Results: Patients in Group A demonstrated statistically significant lower VAS-A scores compared to those in Group B and C at 30-minutes after skin incision (p=0.002 and p=0.001 respectively) and at the end of the surgery (p=0.028 and p<0.001 respectively). Patients in Group A recorded significantly higher satisfaction levels compared to those in Groups B (p=0.038) and C (p=0.001). No significant differences were seen for the physiological responses, nor was there any additional anxiolytic requirement among the three groups. Conclusion: Listening to Dzikr among Muslim patients was more effective in reducing perioperative anxiety levels when compared to nature -based sounds, in patients who had undergone lower limb surgery under regional anaesthesia. ><0.001 respectively). Patients in Group A recorded significantly higher satisfaction levels compared to those in Groups B (p=0.038) and C (p=0.001). No significant differences were seen for the physiological responses, nor was there any additional anxiolytic requirement among the three groups. Conclusion: Listening to Dzikr among Muslim patients was more effective in reducing perioperative anxiety levels when compared to nature -based sounds, in patients who had undergone lower limb surgery under regional anaesthesia.
Can FMA (Noise) 1989 Prevent Occupational NoiseInduced Hearing Loss? An Evaluation using Fault Tree Analysis
Authors: MA Ahmad , A Razali
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Factory and Machinery Act (Noise Exposure) Regulation 1989 (FMA [Noise] 1989) has been implemented in Malaysia for nearly 30 years, but noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) cases is still rising. Fault tree analysis is a top-down approach to analyzing incidences of 'failures', starting with establishing the single top event that will eventually cause NIHL, followed by identification of the contributing factors to the top event which are the immediate or basic events. Through its visual, structural and deductive approach; FTA is able to depict the temporal sequence of events and their interactions in a formal and logical hierarchy. Materials and Methods: Employees with permanent standard threshold shifts (PSTS) underwent further assessment confirming the presence of NIHL. A single common fault tree was constructed based on six cases of PSTS. The top event is the PSTS. Intermediate and basic events were identified and mapped with relevance to the provisions in the FMA (noise) 1989 indicating how failed control measures have resulted in the PSTS cases. Results: The constructed fault tree with its branches illustrated how breach or noncompliance of FMA (Noise) 1989 resulted in the eventual top event (NIHL). Conclusion: FTA provides a standardized perspective of errors within the system in preventing NIHL.
Agitated Depression; The Challenges in Management and the Role of Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Janaki V. , Suzaily W.
Published: November 2020

This case report highlights the challenges encountered and the role of maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the management of a depressed patient who presented with symptoms of agitation. Despite on an adequate dosage and duration of medications, the patient showed poor improvement and persistent agitation. Upon commencing maintenance ECT in addition to the pharmacotherapy, the patient’s condition markedly improved. As conclusion, maintenance ECT may be another option in managing agitated depression.
KADINLARIN ÜST DÜZEY YÖNETİCİ OLMASINA ENGEL OLAN NEDENLER CAM UÇURUM, CAM YÜRÜYEN MERDİVEN VE CAM ASANSÖR ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ALHAS Fidan
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı cam uçurum, cam yürüyen merdiven ve cam asansör gibi kariyer engellerini belirten kavramlar ile kadınların en çok temsil edildikleri mesleklerde bir engelle karşılaşıp karşılamadıklarını incelemektedir. Çalışma teorik bir çalışmadır. Çalışma da cam uçurum, cam yürüyen merdiven, cam asansör kavramları tanıtılmaya çalışmıştır. Çalışmanın özgünlüğünü ise, toplum tarafından kadınlara yakıştırılan mesleklerde kadınlardan ziyade erkeklerin çok daha fazla temsil edilmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Kadınların egemen olduğu mesleklerde erkeklerin daha hızlı yükseldiği görülmekte ve bu durum cam uçurum bağlamında açıklanmaktadır.
KUR’ÂN’IN BİREYSEL VE TOPLUMSAL AHLAKI TEDAVİ ETME METODU
Authors: HAMİTOGLU Dr.ahmet
Published: November 2020

İslam dini doğru bir şekilde bazı fertlerin beşerî hayatı koruma adına oluşturdukları yanlış tutumları tedavi etmeyi amaç edinmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra Kur’ân’ın ahlakı ile ahlaklanan bir toplum inşa etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise Kur’ân’ın bireysel ve toplumsal açıdan ahlakı tedavi etme metodunu incelemek ve açıklamaktır. Çalışmada ahlak ve Kur’ân arasındaki ilişki, ahlak ve ahlaklanma arasındaki farklar ele alınmakla beraber ahlakı bilmekteki amaç ve bireysel veaile ortamında nasıl bir ahlak olması gerektiği de ele alınmıştır. Kişisel temizlik, gözün kapatılması, doğru sözlü ve tevazulu oma vb. kişide bulunması gereken güzel özellikler bağlamında emirlerle şekillenen kurallar; yalan, nifak, cimrilik, haset, zina vb. kişinin uzak durması gereken kötü özelliklerden engelleyen nehiyler çerçevesinde toplumsal ahlak ele alınmıştır. Aynı şekilde kişi için mübah olan hoş olanlardan faydalanma, emre uymama zorunluluğu vb. durumlarda durulması gereken sınır, emirleri yerine getirme ve yasaklardan kaçınma hususları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ele alınan diğer bir husus anne babaya iyilik yapma ve saygılı olma gibi en önemli aile ahlakları, aile ve çocukların ahlakî terbiyeleri ve çocukların hayatlarına verilen değerdir. Sılayı rahim gibi akraba hakları da değinilen hususlardandır. Sonuç kısmında elde edilen neticeler okuyucuya sunulmuştur.
Neurologic disruption arising from Immunologic Aberration
Authors: Archer Trevor
Published: November 2020

Interactions between neurodegenerative states and immune system dysregulations may underlie several diseases that induce problems for neuropsychological and physical health. It seems increasingly evident that process of apoptosis, a central issue for health and well-being, is associated to greater or lesser extents with the balance and ongoing regulation of immune system proclivities. One key contributor to the regulation of structure and function of brain and behaviour has emerged to be the gastrointestinal microbiome, not least in the context of the neurodegenerative disorders. Certain genes identified in in these disorders encode for proteins with directly-acting immunoactive/immunoreactive roles, which when mutated lead to dysregulations in immune functions, thereby affecting the disease states; yet accumulating evidence implies direct malfunctions of immune ells in the brain and CNS as well as at the periphery of the nervous system. Remarkably, the therapeutic effects of anti-tumor, immune system-enhancing agents are emerging to awaken the necessity for consideration of immune system-nervous system interactions as reciprocal determinants of both neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders.
Distinct Neuro-Recovery Pattern in Calcified Subdural Hematoma with False-Localizing Sign: A Case Report
Authors: Malhotra Armaan Kush , Li Haiyang , Shenglong Lai
Published: November 2020

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma is a frequently encountered clinical entity in neurosurgical practice. A small subgroup of chronic subdural hematomas present with calcification or ossification. This entity can pose different operative challenges and distinct clinical features. Case Description: We describe a 39-year-old male with adult-onset epilepsy presenting with gradual development of headaches and dizziness with right-sided weakness and hyperreflexia. He was found to have a large, right-sided calcified chronic subdural hematoma and underwent craniotomy for evacuation. Postoperatively, the patient had full-strength on the right side but was plegic on the left side, which gradually improved back to normal strength. Conclusion: We present the case of an adult patient with false-localizing sign and distinct motor recovery pattern attributable to a large calcified chronic subdural hematoma which required delicate resection due to cortical adherence.
Neuronavigation of the Galen vein Aneurysm.
Authors: Calderón Carlos
Published: November 2020

The Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a dilatation of the vein of Galen with multiply communications between of the vein of Galen and venous sinus and the cerebral arteries, occurring between 6 and 11 weeks of gestation
Management of pain treatment in the early postoperative period. Practice of using ketorolac. A clinical case
Authors: Dmytriiev Dmytro , Andriiets A , Andriiets E , Bankivsky V , Yatsenko S
Published: November 2020

The current strategy of rational perioperative analgesia involves reducing the use of opioid analgesics and preventing associated side effects. Today it is known that the use of opioid analgesics can further lead to the development of hyperalgesia. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia is an adaptive response of the body in response to exogenous administration of opioids, the mechanisms of development of which are associated with the activation of the central glutamatergic system and the release of spinal dinorphins. In contrast, gabapentin, NSAIDs, and ketamine have opioid-preserving properties, reducing the number of opioid-associated side effects. Hyperalgesia is a condition that underlies the formation of chronic pain and develops regardless of the degree of postoperative wound repair.

For the treatment of pain in the postoperative period, the main group of treatment agents are opioid analgesics, which are prescribed to 60% of patients. However, with severe pain, there is a need for opioids in doses that exceed the standard recommended. It is known that the tactics of increasing the dose of opioid analgesics leads to an increase in the frequency of adverse reactions: severe sedation, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, intestinal paresis, dysfunction of the biliary and urinary systems, hallucinations. In order to reduce side effects, the doctor reduces the dose of opioids, which is accompanied by inadequate analgesia.

Given the above, clinicians prescribe additional drugs of other drug groups that can enhance the analgesic effect of opioids. An important aspect is the ability to reduce the dose of opioids.

Our data and data of other authors. Until recently, NSAIDs were rarely used in intensive care units, mainly in mild to moderate pain.
Dimensions of Culture and the Size of the Shadow Economy in the Member States of the European Union
Authors: Pukin Paulina
Published: November 2020

This article discusses connections between dimensions of culture and the size of the shadow economy in the European Union member states. Critical perusal of the literature led to the development of the theoretical ground, while statistical analysis revealed connections between the shadow economy and the dimensions of culture. The research findings suggest a strong stochastic relation of the culture in a given country and the size of its shadow economy. Countries with a high level of complacency, distrust of the authorities, collectivism and aversion to uncertainty are characterized by shadow economies of a substantial size.
Recent Advances in Colonic Preparation for an Accurate Colonoscopy - How to Improve Our Practice to Meet the Quality Criteria
Authors: PAHOMEANU Mihai-Radu , NEGREANU Lucian
Published: November 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major problem of global health. Screening colonoscopy is the gold standard in detection of CRC. A quality colonoscopy needs good indication, adequate bowel preparation, adequate examination time (30 to 45 minutes), a minimum 6 minutes time for mucosal examination during colonoscopy descent, a good centre adenoma detection rate. In 28-33% of the colonoscopies, the bowel preparation is unsatisfactory which leads to several hidden costs including the rise of preventable and treatable death rate regarding colorectal carcinoma. The ESGE (European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy) recommends a maximum of 10% poor preparations, threshold that is diffi cult to reach in many centres. Newer low-volume laxative regimens for bowel cleansing are better in the fi elds of compliance and tolerability than the classic 4L PEG with 2L PEG-CS (Clensia ®) being one of the new promising low-volume formulas. The low fi bre diet is now preferred due to better compliance and tolerability.
Fungal Infections in Major Burns - 2 Years Overview
Authors: LAZARESCU Andra Luana , GROSU-BULARDA Andreea , ANDREI Mihaela-Cristina , GRAMA Sabina , FRUNZA Adrian , IONESCU Dan Aurel , ARGHIR POPESCU Serban , NEAGU Tiberiu Paul , LASCAR Ioan
Published: November 2020

Infections are the most severe and the most frequent complication in major burns requiring adequate diagnosis and treatment. Extensive burned areas, impaired immune system and antibiotic therapy contribute to the development of opportunistic fungal infections. An important aspect is the increased level of antimicrobial resistance in
our country. We present a two years study on the burn patients hospitalized in our institution. A total of 355 burned patients were hospitalized during this period, 210 (59%) of them being addmited in Critical Care Burn Unit. We noted the main infectious complications and established a dinamic microbian mapping during patient hospitalization. Fungal infections were noted. We performed microbiological screening: testing at admission and once a week or in case of clinical signs from all potential sites. For the clinical therapy of mycoses, it is mandatory to know whether a fungal colonization or a fungal infection is involved. Unfortunately, often in severe burned patients, clinical presentation is unspecifi c and sensitivity of diagnostic results may be unreliable. Invasive fungal infections due to Candida species and Aspergillus species are important emerging causes of morbidity and mortality. The systemic use of antifungal agents is conducted depending on the general condition of the burn patient, the fungal species
involved and the confi rmation of fungemia. In conclusion, specifi c treatment of infectious complications has to be conducted according to the characteristics of the patients in order to reduce morbidity and mortality and avoid the development of antimicrobial resistance.
Ks. prof. dr hab. Augustyn Eckmann – curriculum vitae eius et laudatio
Authors: Gacia Tadeusz
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Implementasi Web Application Firewall Dalam Mencegah Serangan SQL Injection Pada Website
Authors: Bangkit Wiguna  , Adi Prabowo Wahyu , Ananda Ridho
Published: November 2020

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir perkembangan teknologi informasi menjadi semakin pesat, perkembangan ini membuat segala aktifitas dan pekerjaan menjadi lebih mudah, seperti halnya untuk mengakses berita maupun informasi. Salah satu media yang sering digunakan untuk menemukan berbagai macam informasi pada saat ini yaitu website. Banyaknya website yang ada pada saat ini membuat ia sering dijadikan sasaran berbagai jenis serangan web yang beragam seperti SQL injection. Sehingga diperlukan suatu sistem yang mampu memberikan solusi dalam pengamanan website. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode web application firewall karena metode ini mampu untuk menjadi security system dalam mengamankan suatu website dari serangan. Metode web application firewall dilakukan dengan memblokir serangan sql injection yang masuk berdasarkan konfigurasi rules yang telah ditetapkan. Dan dari hasil penelitian ini serangan SQL injection yang telah diujicobakan pada website berhasil diblokir sehingga membuat website menjadi aman dari serangan tersebut..

 

Kata kunci: Keamanan, Serangan Web, SQL injection, Website, Web Application Firewall.

 

Abstract

 In the last few years the development of information technology has become increasingly rapid, this has made all activities and jobs easier, such as accessing news and information. One of the media that is often used to find various kinds of information at this time is the website. The large number of websites that exist today makes it a frequent target of various types of web attacks such as SQL injection. So we need a system that is able to provide solutions in securing a website. This research uses a web firewall application method because this method is able to become a security system on a website from attacks. The firewall web application method is carried out by the sql injection attack method which is entered based on predefined rules. And from the results of this study, the SQL injection attack that was tested on the website was successful so that it made the website safe from these attacks.

 Keywords: Security, Web Attack, SQL injection, Website, Web Application Firewall
Water Quality Assessment of a Water Body using Principal Component Analysis – Sanjay Lake, New Delhi, India
Authors: Singh S.K. , Sachdeva Harshit , Joon Harshit , Narang Mridul
Published: November 2020

The present study aims at assessing the water quality at Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India using multivariate statistical techniques. A total of 16 physiochemical variables such as pH, conductivity, TDS, COD, DO, chloride, total hardness, magnesium hardness, phosphate, suspended solids, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, sodium, potassium and calcium were analysed in water samples collected on January, 2020 from 10 sampling sites. The data were evaluated using IBM Statistics software SPSS 25 for principal component analysis, which limits the multiple data dimensions without the loss of vital information for better understanding. Five principal components were defined to be responsible for the data collection, indicating 93% of the total variance of data collection; of which 36.38% by PC1, 24.84% by PC2, 15.13% by PC3, 11.26% by PC4, and 6.36% by PC5 indicated that the domestic sewage, the municipal sewage waste and the untreated industrial effluent discharges may be affecting the water quality. The present study shows that PCA techniques are useful resources for the identification of important surface water quality parameters.
The Mathematical Model of Forestry Machines Impact on Cryolitozone Forest Soils
Authors: Rudov Sergej , Kunickaya Ol’ga , Burgonutdinov Albert , Kruchinin Igor , Prosuzhih Alexey , Dolmatov Nikolay , Dmitrieva Natalia , Grigorev Igor
Published: November 2020

In the Russian Federation, the permafrost zone are gaining increasing importance due to wood procurement operations. Active timber harvesting, accompanied by the simultaneous development of wood processing enterprises in the Far Eastern Federal District, leads to the depletion of available and exploitable forests in southern and central Siberia, Buryatia, and Khabarovsk territory. The exploitation of modern forestry machines, wheeled forwarders, in particular, broadens the question of their effectiveness. In specific production and geotechnical conditions, the cross-country ability and technological productivity of wheeled forwarders are of particular relevance. These circumstances, combined with the need to minimise technological pressure on the ecological environment raise the problem of optimisation of the forest machines. We developed a mathematical model for calculating parameters of the defrosting soil destruction process occurring at the border with the permafrost zone. The mathematical model allows assessment of the possible value depth of the induced track at the stage of the project design. The assessment is conducted with the account of the forest machine’s technical and maneuvering capabilities in specific natural and industrial conditions.
Methodology of Economic Assessment of Forest Resources, Concerning Forest Conditions and Their Impact on Wood Quality
Authors: Lu Mei , Volkova Irina , Petunina Irina
Published: November 2020

The present study aims to develop a methodology for forest economic assessment using forest protection strips as an example. Environmental (soil composition) and biological factors (tree species) effecting the wood quality in the south European part of Russia are taken into account. The studies were conducted from 2010 to 2017 in six regions of the south European part of Russia. In this area, a total of eight dominating tree species lying in forest shelterbelts were examined. The wood price in different natural zones was determined by two factors: stem wood volume (maximum volume and price in the forest-steppe, minimum in the dry steppe) and edaphic conditions. Stand wood compared to the forest have a high price, since the former consists mainly of one species that dominates in the upper tier whereas the forest usually includes a minimum of two to four species. The natural zone is of paramount importance for the formation of the economic potential of eight species studied. We observed maximum indices for oak and larch under conditions of a forest-steppe, two to eight times greater compared to the species present in the steppe. The same type of plant (oak), depending on conditions, can produce wood of different values based on different natural zones, with a difference in prices varying two to five times than the original price.
Microbial Diversity and their Biofilm Formation Potential in Pipes of Water Distribution System
Authors: Kaur Rajanbir , Kaur Rajinder
Published: November 2020

Microbes are ubiquitous in surface as well as in ground water and some of them can make their way into potable water distribution systems. Contaminated soil with human and animal fecal matter, ill-maintained water and sewage pipelines, poor sanitation and personal hygiene are the main factors responsible for the presence of microbial pathogens in the drinking water. The presence of water-borne microbes in the potable drinking water systems determines its quality. Common microbes present in contaminated water are Shigella, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas sp, Salmonella sp etc. The water-borne pathogens that reside and reproduce in water distribution system causes infection of gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, skin, and lymph nodes. When these pathogens enter into the water distribution system pipelines they form biofilms. The formation of biofilm is a key component in microbial studies. Biofilm is the sessile aggregation of bacterial cells that adhere to each other on living or non-living surfaces and forms extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The surface physico-chemical properties of both bacteria and substratum were important for the establishment of bacterial adhesion. Bacteria forming biofilms possesses different growth patterns, responds to specific micro-environmental conditions for the formation of structurally complex mature biofilms. In water distribution systems, adhesion of microbes to the water pipelines initiate biofilm formation which in return reduces the quality of potable water and increases the corrosion of pipes.
Boundary behavior of large solutions to a class of Hessian equations
Authors: Mi Ling , Chen Chuan
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we consider the m-Hessian equation [Formula: see text] in Ω, subject to the singular boundary condition [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text]. We give estimates of the asymptotic behavior of such solutions near [Formula: see text] when the nonlinear term f satisfies a new structure condition.
The Structure of Multigranular Rough Sets
Authors: Järvinen Jouni , Radeleczki Sándor
Published: November 2020

We study multigranulation spaces of two equivalences. The lattice-theoretical properties of so-called “optimistic” and “pessimistic” multigranular approximation systems are given. We also consider the ordered sets of rough sets determined by these approximation pairs.
Topology as Faithful Communication Through Relations
Authors: Maschio Samuele , Sambin Giovanni
Published: November 2020

We present here a new interpretation of topological concepts based on communication. The context that allows us to see this is that of basic pairs, the most elementary structures that allow to present topology. In particular, we prove that the subsets which can be communicated faithfully between the sides of a basic pair are exactly open subsets and closed subsets. We also prove that a relation between two sets of points can be communicated faithfully if and only if it is continuous or open. Finally we introduce new notions of point and of continuous function which are communicable.