bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of Complications in Patients Undergoing Completion Thyroidectomy after Hemithyroidectomy for Thyroid Nodule with Indeterminate Cytology: An Italian Multicentre Retrospective Study
Authors: Canu Gian Luigi , Medas Fabio , Cappellacci Federico , Giordano Alessio Biagio Filippo , Gurrado Angela , Gambardella Claudio , Docimo Giovanni , Feroci Francesco , Conzo Giovanni , Testini Mario , Calò Pietro Giorgio
Published: May 2022

There is still controversy as to whether patients undergoing a completion thyroidectomy after a hemithyroidectomy for a thyroid nodule with an indeterminate cytology have a comparable, increased or decreased risk of complications compared to those submitted to primary thyroid surgery. The main aim of this study was to investigate this topic. Patients undergoing a thyroidectomy for thyroid nodular disease with an indeterminate cytology in four high-volume thyroid surgery centres in Italy, between January 2017 and December 2020, were retrospectively analysed. Based on the surgical procedure performed, four groups were identified: the TT Group (total thyroidectomy), HT Group (hemithyroidectomy), CT Group (completion thyroidectomy) and HT + CT Group (hemithyroidectomy with subsequent completion thyroidectomy). A total of 751 patients were included. As for the initial surgery, 506 (67.38%) patients underwent a total thyroidectomy and 245 (32.62%) a hemithyroidectomy. Among all patients submitted to a hemithyroidectomy, 66 (26.94%) were subsequently submitted to a completion thyroidectomy. No statistically significant difference was found in terms of complications comparing both the TT Group with the HT + CT Group and the HT Group with the CT Group. The risk of complications in patients undergoing a completion thyroidectomy after a hemithyroidectomy for a thyroid nodule with an indeterminate cytology was comparable to that of patients submitted to primary thyroid surgery (both a total thyroidectomy and hemithyroidectomy).
Hydrogen Pressure as a Key Parameter to Control the Quality of the Naphtha Produced in the Hydrocracking of an HDPE/VGO Blend
Authors: Vela Francisco J. , Palos Roberto , Bilbao Javier , Arandes José M. , Gutiérrez Alazne
Published: May 2022

The hydrocracking of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blended with vacuum gas oil (VGO) has been studied to assess the effect of H2 pressure on the yield and composition of the products and with the aim of obtaining commercial fuels, mainly naphtha. The experiments have been performed using a PtPd/HY catalyst in a semibatch reactor under the following conditions: H2 pressure, 20–110 bar; 440 °C; catalyst to feed ratio, 0.1 gcat (gfeed)−1; HDPE to total feed ratio, 0.2 gHDPE (gfeed)−1; and reaction time, 2 h. The composition of the main fractions produced (gas, naphtha, and light cycle oil) reveals the interest in carrying out the process at 110 bar. Thus, conversions of 96 and 79% for the removal of heavy hydrocarbons and the removal of HDPE molecules have been obtained, respectively, together with a yield of naphtha of 53.4 wt%. This naphtha is mainly paraffinic, and it has a RON of 91.5 (within the commercial standards). Furthermore, three fractions have been observed in the analysis (temperature-programmed oxidation) of the coke. This analysis reveals that at 110 bar, the coke retained in the HY zeolite cages is less developed and burns at a moderate temperature.
Expanding Access to Optically Active Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs via Lipase-Catalyzed KR of Racemic Acids Using Trialkyl Orthoesters as Irreversible Alkoxy Group Donors
Authors: Zdun Beata , Cieśla Piotr , Kutner Jan , Borowiecki Paweł
Published: May 2022

Studies into the enzymatic kinetic resolution (EKR) of 2-arylpropanoic acids (‘profens’), as the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of blockbuster non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), by using various trialkyl orthoesters as irreversible alkoxy group donors in organic media, were performed. The enzymatic reactions of target substrates were optimized using several different immobilized preparations of lipase type B from the yeast Candida antarctica (CAL-B). The influence of crucial parameters, including the type of enzyme and alkoxy agent, as well as the nature of the organic co-solvent and time of the process on the conversion and enantioselectivity of the enzymatic kinetic resolution, is described. The optimal EKR procedure for the racemic profens consisted of a Novozym 435-STREM lipase preparation suspended in a mixture of 3 equiv of trimethyl or triethyl orthoacetate as alkoxy donor and toluene or n-hexane as co-solvent, depending on the employed racemic NSAIDs. The reported biocatalytic system provided optically active products with moderate-to-good enantioselectivity upon esterification lasting for 7–48 h, with most promising results in terms of enantiomeric purity of the pharmacologically active enantiomers of title APIs obtained on the analytical scale for: (S)-flurbiprofen (97% ee), (S)-ibuprofen (91% ee), (S)-ketoprofen (69% ee), and (S)-naproxen (63% ee), respectively. In turn, the employment of optimal conditions on a preparative-scale enabled us to obtain the (S)-enantiomers of: flurbiprofen in 28% yield and 97% ee, ibuprofen in 45% yield and 56% ee, (S)-ketoprofen in 23% yield and 69% ee, and naproxen in 42% yield and 57% ee, respectively. The devised method turned out to be inefficient toward racemic etodolac regardless of the lipase and alkoxy group donor used, proving that it is unsuitable for carboxylic acids possessing tertiary chiral centers.
Potential Variables for Improved Reproducibility of Neuronal Cell Grafts at Stroke Sites
Authors: Krzyspiak Joanna , Khodakhah Kamran , Hébert Jean M.
Published: May 2022

Interest is growing in using cell replacements to repair the damage caused by an ischemic stroke. Yet, the usefulness of cell transplants can be limited by the variability observed in their successful engraftment. For example, we recently showed that, although the inclusion of donor-derived vascular cells was necessary for the formation of large grafts (up to 15 mm3) at stroke sites in mice, the size of the grafts overall remained highly variable. Such variability can be due to differences in the cells used for transplantation or the host environment. Here, as possible factors affecting engraftment, we test host sex, host age, the extent of ischemic damage, time of transplant after ischemia, minor differences in donor cell maturity, and cell viability at the time of transplantation. We find that graft size at stroke sites correlates with the size of ischemic damage, host sex (females having graft sizes that correlate with damage), donor cell maturity, and host age, but not with the time of transplant after stroke. A general linear model revealed that graft size is best predicted by stroke severity combined with donor cell maturity. These findings can serve as a guide to improving the reproducibility of cell-based repair therapies.
Cutting Performance of Multicomponent AlTiZrN-Coated Cemented Carbide (YG8) Tools during Milling of High-Chromium Cast Iron
Authors: Yang Hu , Wang Renxin , Guo Ziming , Lin Rongchuan , Wei Shasha , Weng Jianchun
Published: May 2022

In order to improve the cutting performance of cemented-carbide (YG8) tools during the milling of high-chromium cast iron, AlTiZrN coating was deposited on the surface of YG8 samples and milling tools by physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology. The micromorphology and mechanical properties of the coating were studied by the experimental method, and the cutting performance of the coated tools was tested by a milling machining center. The results show that the AlTiZrN coating presents the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure of TiN. The average microhardness is 3887 HV0.05. The bonding strength between the coating and the substrate meets the standard HF3 and is up to the requirements. The coefficient of friction (COF) of the coating is about 0.32. AlTiZrN coating can significantly improve the life of cemented-carbide tools. At cutting speeds of 85, 105, and 125 mm/min, the lives of the AlTiZrN-coated tools increased by 20.7%, 22.4%, and 35.2%, respectively, compared with the uncoated tools. Under the same cutting condition, AlTiZrN-coated tools have better cutting and chip-breaking performance than uncoated tools. With the increase in cutting speed, the workpiece chips produced by AlTiZrN-coated tools are smaller and more uniform, and the scratches on the machined surface are smoother. Therefore, at higher cutting speeds, AlTiZrN-coated tools have more advantages in life and cutting performance than that of uncoated tools. During the cutting process, the wear mechanisms of the AlTiZrN-coated tools mainly included friction, oxidation, and bonding, while oxidation and bonding wear were the main wear mechanisms in the later stage of wear.
Energy Efficiency of IoT Networks for Environmental Parameters of Bulgarian Cities
Authors: Zlatev Zlatin , Georgieva Tsvetelina , Todorov Apostol , Stoykova Vanya
Published: May 2022

Building modern Internet of Things (IoT) systems is associated with a number of challenges. One of the most significant among them is the need for wireless technology, which will serve to build connectivity between the individual components of this technology. In the larger cities of Bulgaria, measures to ensure low levels of harmful emissions, reduce noise levels, and ensure comfort in urban environments have been taken. LoRa technology shows more advantages in transmission distance and low energy consumption compared to other technologies. That is why this technology was chosen for the design of wireless sensor networks (WSN) for six cities in Bulgaria. These networks have the potential to be used in IoT configurations. Appropriate modules and devices for building WSN for cities in Bulgaria have been selected. It has been found that the greater number of nodes in the WSN leads to an increase in the average power consumed in the network. On the other hand, depending on the location of these nodes, the energy consumed may decrease. The performance of wireless sensor networks can be optimized by applying appropriate routing protocols, which are proposed in the available literature. The methodology for energy efficiency analysis of WSN can be used in the design of wireless sensor networks to determine the parameters of the environment, with the possibility of application in IoT.
Superconductivity and Charge Ordering in BEDT-TTF Based Organic Conductors with β″-Type Molecular Arrangement
Authors: Ihara Yoshihiko , Imajo Shusaku
Published: May 2022

Exotic superconductivity that appears near the charge ordering instability has attracted significant interest since the beginning of superconducting study. The discovery of possible coexistence of charge ordering and superconductivity in cuprates and kagome metals has further fascinated researchers in recent years. In this review, we focus on the BEDT-TTF-based organic superconductor with β″-type molecular packing sequence, which shows the charge ordering transition in the very vicinity of superconducting transition, and summarize the experimental results reported up to the present. At the charge ordering temperature, ultrasonic measurement detects the softening of the crystal lattice, and 13C-NMR measurement shows an increase in nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate divided by temperature 1/T1T. These results suggest that low-energy dynamics are activated near the charge ordering transition, leading us to invoke the charge-fluctuation mediated superconducting pairing mechanism.
Control Optimization of Small-Scale Thrust-Vectoring Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing Vehicles in Transition Phase
Authors: Gong Zheng , Mao Shengcheng , Wang Zian , Zhou Zan , Yang Chengchuan , Li Zhengxue
Published: May 2022

The core of the short takeoff and landing problem in thrust-vectoring V/STOL vehicles is the tilt angle control of the thrust vector nozzles. This work resolves it by figuring out the optimal tilt angle time history with optimization methods. Since the optimization process is constrained by the transition corridor of the vehicle and the mission requirements, the transition corridor is firstly established by the AES theory with the longitudinal model of the V/STOL protype, where the jet-induced effect of the 3BSD nozzle and the lift fan are especially considered. In addition, the control redundancy caused by the multiple physical control actuators is addressed by a suitable control allocation and flight-mode-based control strategy, which ensures a smooth conversion. By establishing appropriate mission references and optimization constraints, the optimal control strategy and the corresponding transition process are obtained, based on the direct inverse and SQP algorithms.
A Miniaturized Closed-Loop Optogenetic Brain Stimulation Device
Authors: Sudha Kumari Lekshmy , Kouzani Abbas Z.
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a tetherless and miniaturized closed-loop optogenetic brain stimulation device, designed as a back mountable device for laboratory mice. The device has the ability to sense the biomarkers corresponding to major depressive disorder (MDD) from local field potential (LFP), and produces a feedback signal to control the closed-loop operation after on-device processing of the sensed signals. MDD is a chronic neurological disorder and there are still many unanswered questions about the underlying neurological mechanisms behind its occurrence. Along with other brain stimulation paradigms, optogenetics has recently proved effective in the study of MDD. Most of these experiments have used tethered and connected devices. However, the use of tethered devices in optogenetic brain stimulation experiments has the drawback of hindering the free movement of the laboratory animal subjects undergoing stimulation. To address this issue, the proposed device is small, light-weight, untethered, and back-mountable. The device consists of: (i) an optrode which houses an electrode for collecting neural signals, an optical source for delivering light stimulations, and a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature increase at the stimulation site, (ii) a neural sensor for acquisition and pre-processing of the neural signals to obtain LFP signals in the frequency range of 4 to 200 Hz, as electrophysiological biomarkers of MDD (iii) a classifier for classification of the signal into four classes: normal, abnormal alpha, abnormal theta, and abnormal gamma oscillations, (iv) a control algorithm to select stimulation parameters based on the input class, and (v) a stimulator for generating light stimulations. The design, implementation, and evaluation of the device are presented, and the results are discussed. The neural sensor and the stimulator are circular in shape with a radius of 8 mm. Pre-recorded neural signals from the mouse hippocampus are used for the evaluation of the device.
Reactive Power and Voltage Optimization of New-Energy Grid Based on the Improved Flower Pollination Algorithm
Authors: He Hao , Li Jia , Zhao Weizhe , Li Boyang , Li Yalong
Published: May 2022

In order to solve the reactive power and voltage control problem caused by the high proportion of new energy connected to the power grid, this paper takes the minimum voltage deviation, minimum network loss and maximum dynamic reactive power margin of the whole system as the comprehensive optimization objectives and establishes a reactive power and voltage optimization model by considering the reactive power regulation ability of SVC (Static Var Compensator) and new energy units. In view of the continuous and discrete variables in the model, the traditional continuous FPA (Flower Pollination Algorithm) is discretized to form an improved continuous-discrete hybrid FPA, and the tournament selection mechanism is adopted to speed up the convergence. Through the example analysis of the IEEE-39 bus system, the feasibility of the proposed reactive power and voltage optimal control method in the new energy grid is verified. Compared with GA (Genetic Algorithm), the results show that the improved FPA has high optimization accuracy, which is suitable for solving the reactive power and voltage optimization problem of the new energy grid.
Disturbance Observer-Based Model Predictive Super-Twisting Control for Soft Open Point
Authors: Wang Zhengqi , Zhou Haoyu , Su Hongyu
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a disturbance observer-based model predictive of super-twisting control for Soft Open Point (SOP). First, with the consideration of the disturbances caused by parameter mismatches and unmodelled dynamics, a super-twisting sliding-mode observer (STO) is proposed to observe the disturbances, and the observed disturbances are introduced into the inner-loop as the compensation to improve the anti-disturbance of SOP system. Second, the outer-loop controller is designed by applying the super-twisting sliding-mode control (STC) approach to improve the dynamic performance and robustness. Third, to deal with large current harmonics by traditional model predictive control (MPC), a Three-Vector-based MPC (TV-MPC) is proposed to increase the number of voltage vectors in a sampling time. Finally, it is verified by simulations that the proposed method can reduce current harmonics, DC-side voltage setting time and improve the dynamic performance of SOP system effectively. In case of parameter mismatches, the proposed observer can observe the disturbances correctly to enhance the robustness of the SOP system.
Specific Yield Analysis of the Rooftop PV Systems Located in South-Eastern Poland
Authors: Gulkowski Slawomir
Published: May 2022

In the last few years, Poland has experienced a significant increase in photovoltaic (PV) installations. A noticeable contribution to this dynamic growth belongs to the prosumers. This paper presents the energy efficiency analysis of nine prosumers’ PV installations located in South-Eastern Poland. Eight of the systems are grid-connected and one is a hybrid (PV with the energy storage). New technology modules with efficiencies between 19% and 21%, as well as various PV system configurations related to orientation and tilt, were taken into consideration. Final yields were found and a financial assessment was presented. The average annual specific yield of all analyzed PV systems was found to be 990.2 kWh/kWp. The highest ratio of yearly energy production was noted for the system of bifacial monocrystalline silicon modules with 20.3% efficiency (1102.9 kWh/kWp). Median and maximum yields obtained by this system for the best insolation month (June 2021) were 6.64 kWh/kWp and 7.88 kWh/kWp respectively. The annual specific yield of other systems ranged between 868.8 kWh/kWp and 1075.5 kWh/kWp in dependency on module efficiency, system orientation, or tilt angle. The amount of energy produced in the summer half-year was found to be significantly higher (between 76% and 83% depending on the system) than in the winter period. The self-consumption ratio of the energy produced by the PV system installed for company prosumers ranged from about 50% in the summer months to almost 97% in winter. The payback period was below 8 years with the levelized cost of electricity equal to 0.14 €/kWh.
The Effect of Tree-Uprooting on the Soil Spatial Complexity in an Old-Growth Temperate Forest, Central Europe
Authors: Román-Sánchez Andrea , Šamonil Pavel
Published: May 2022

The formation of spatial pedocomplexity in forested landscapes is an issue that has not yet been comprehensively resolved. This study analysed the effects of tree disturbances on the spatial variability of soil chemical properties in order to explain the spatial pedocomplexity in one of the oldest forest reserves in Europe. A total of 1545 sites over an area of 74 ha were assessed in terms of soil taxonomy, morphology, and profiles. We quantified the spatial autocorrelation of soil chemical properties and analysed the effects of soil disturbance regimes on soil chemical properties in both the surface and subsurface layers using geostatistics and redundancy analysis, respectively. A paired difference test revealed that the factors involved in the soil formation of the two layers are different. The neoformation of the surface layer proceeds rapidly after soil disturbance and, therefore, some formerly disturbed surface layers become mature above immature subsurface layers. The effect of tree disturbances on soil chemical properties was significant for totally decomposed treethrows. Treethrow density partially explained the variation in soil chemical properties in both layers, but even more so in the subsurface layer. This study further elucidates the impact of treethrows on soils and shows that they are an important driver of soil spatial pedocomplexity.
Cryopreservation of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. by Using the Slow Cooling Method
Authors: Yu Xiaoqian , Liu Yingying , Liu Xueqing , Tretyakova Iraida Nikolaevna , Nosov Alexander Mikhaylovich , Shen Hailong , Yang Ling
Published: May 2022

Cryopreservation is an important method for the excellent long-term preservation of plant germplasm. This study explores an optimal cryopreservation technology for the embryogenic callus of Fraxinus mandshurica to effectively maintain its genetic stability and morphogenesis potential. The optimal cryopreservation conditions were assessed using the embryogenic callus of F. mandshurica as the material, and the slow cooling method was optimized for its cryopreservation. The results indicated that the preculture of embryogenic callus in 0.4 mol·L−1 sorbitol solution for 20 h at room temperature, followed by its cryoprotection in 7.5% dimethyl sulfoxide solution at 0 °C for 90 min, constituted the optimal material treatment method. The freezing tube was placed in a −80 °C refrigerator for 2 h and then quickly put into liquid nitrogen for frozen storage. During thawing, the cryopreservation tube was taken out from liquid nitrogen, directly placed in a water bath at 40 °C for 2 min, and used for culturing on the woody plant media + 0.1 mg·L−1 6-benzyladenine + 0.15 mg·L−1 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. After cryopreservation using the slow cooling method, the highest survival rate of callus cells was 80.82%. The fresh weight reached 1.93 g after 60-day recovery culture. The regeneration rate and the proliferation coefficient of the callus were 100% and 2.79, respectively. The differentiation rate was 56.83%, and the emergence rate was 23.59%. The results provide a scientific basis for the long-term preservation of F. mandshurica germplasm resources.
Inherent Water-Use Efficiency of Different Forest Ecosystems and Its Relations to Climatic Variables
Authors: Liu Ziqiang , Ji Xiaofang , Ye Limin , Jiang Jiang
Published: May 2022

Inherent water-use efficiency (IWUE) is a vital parameter connecting the carbon and water cycles. However, the factors influencing the IWUE in different forest ecosystems are still a subject of debate. In this work, FLUXNET platform measurements of 67 forest sites were used to detect trends of the IWUE of four forest ecosystems, namely deciduous broadleaf forests (DBF), evergreen broadleaf forests (EBF), needle-leaf forests (ENF), and mixed forests (MF). The IWUE differed significantly among different forest ecosystems and positively correlated with temperature and solar radiation. The IWUE of EBF was the highest at 32.02 g·C·Kg·H2O−1. The values of DBF and MF were similar and higher than that of ENF. With increasing latitude, the IWUE increased first and then decreased, with a maximum of 35° N. The IWUE of EBF was negatively correlated with precipitation and leaf area index. Temperature and solar radiation were the main factors controlling the IWUE of forest ecosystems, whereas precipitation was the major factor controlling the inter-annual variation in the ΔIWUE of forest ecosystems. Our results provide a scientific basis for the study of forest carbon sinks, forest eco-hydrological processes, and forest ecosystem responses to global climatic changes.
An Update on the Evolutionary History of Bregs
Authors: Mickael Michel-Edwar , Bieńkowska Irmina , Sacharczuk Mariusz
Published: May 2022

The relationship between the evolutionary history and the differentiation of Bregs is still not clear. Bregs were demonstrated to possess a regulatory effect on B cells. Various subsets of Bregs have been identified including T2-MZP, MZ, B10, IL10-producing plasma cells, IL10 producing plasmablasts, immature IL10 producing B cells, TIM1, and Br1. It is known that B cells have evolved during fish emergence. However, the origin of Bregs is still not known. Three main models have been previously proposed to describe the origin of Bregs, the first known as single–single (SS) suggests that each type of Bregs subpopulation has emerged from a single pre-Breg type. The second model (single–multi) (SM) assumes that a single Bregs gave rise to multiple types of Bregs that in turn differentiated to other Breg subpopulations. In the third model (multi–multi) (MM), it is hypothesized that Bregs arise from the nearest B cell phenotype. The link between the differentiation of cells and the evolution of novel types of cells is known to follow one of three evolutionary patterns (i.e., homology, convergence, or concerted evolution). Another aspect that controls differentiation and evolution processes is the principle of optimization of energy, which suggests that an organism will always use the choice that requires less energy expenditure for survival. In this review, we investigate the evolution of Breg subsets. We studied the feasibility of Breg origination models based on evolution and energy constraints. In conclusion, our review indicates that Bregs are likely to have evolved under a combination of SM–MM models. This combination ensured successful survival in harsh conditions by following the least costly differentiation pathway, as well as adapting to changing environmental conditions.
Uneven Levels of 5S and 45S rDNA Site Number and Loci Variations across Wild Chrysanthemum Accessions
Authors: He Jun , Zhao Yong , Zhang Shuangshuang , He Yanze , Jiang Jiafu , Chen Sumei , Fang Weimin , Guan Zhiyong , Liao Yuan , Wang Zhenxing , Chen Fadi , Wang Haibin
Published: May 2022

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is an excellent cytogenetic marker owing to its tandem arrangement and high copy numbers. However, comparative studies have focused more on the number of rDNA site variations within the Chrysanthemum genus, and studies on the types of rDNA sites with the same experimental procedures at the species levels are lacking. To further explore the number and types of rDNA site variations, we combined related data to draw ideograms of the rDNA sites of Chrysanthemum accessions using oligonucleotide fluorescence in situ hybridization (Oligo-FISH). Latent variations (such as polymorphisms of 45S rDNA sites and co-localized 5S-45S rDNA) also occurred among the investigated accessions. Meanwhile, a significant correlation was observed between the number of 5S rDNA sites and chromosome number. Additionally, the clumped and concentrated geographical distribution of different ploidy Chrysanthemum accessions may significantly promote the karyotype evolution. Based on the results above, we identified the formation mechanism of rDNA variations. Furthermore, these findings may provide a reliable method to examine the sites and number of rDNA variations among Chrysanthemum and its related accessions and allow researchers to further understand the evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships of the Chrysanthemum genus.
Ductile Shearing and Focussed Rejuvenation: Records of High-P (eo-)Alpine Metamorphism in the Variscan Lower Crust (Serre Massif, Calabria—Southern Italy)
Authors: Festa Vincenzo , Fornelli Annamaria , Micheletti Francesca , Spiess Richard , Tursi Fabrizio
Published: May 2022

In the present study, we unveil the real significance of mylonitic reworking of the polymetamorphic crystalline basement in the Serre Massif of Calabria (Southern Italy). We use a multidisciplinary approach to comprehend the structural, microstructural and petrologic changes that occurred along a, so far, not much considered shear zone affecting the Variscan lower crustal rocks. It was never before studied in detail, although some late Cretaceous ages were reported for these mylonites, suggesting that this shear zone is of prime importance. Our observations reveal now that the formation of the new structural fabric within the shear zone was accompanied by changes in mineral assemblages, in a dominant compressive tectonic regime. During this tectono-metamorphic event, high-P mylonitic mineral assemblages were stabilized, consisting of chloritoid, kyanite, staurolite, garnet and paragonite, whereas plagioclase became unstable. Average peak P–T conditions of 1.26–1.1 GPa and 572–626 °C were obtained using THERMOCALC software. These data question (i) that the Serre Massif represents an undisturbed continuous section of the Variscan crust, as generally suggested in the literature, and (ii) highlight the role of (eo-)Alpine high-P tectonics in the Serre Massif, recorded within mylonite zones, where the Variscan basement was completely rejuvenated.
First Speleological and Biological Characterization of a Submerged Cave of the Tremiti Archipelago Geomorphosite (Adriatic Sea)
Authors: Cardone Frine , Mazzetti Martina , Sorci Adelmo , Cesaretti Andrea , Cimmaruta Roberta , Gravina Maria Flavia
Published: May 2022

The Tremiti Islands Archipelago is located in the Central-Southern Adriatic Sea and is characterized by a strong karst activity. Due to their landscape, geological, hydrological, archaeological, and historical value, Tremiti Islands are considered a geomorphosite. We carried out a preliminary, non-destructive survey by studying the speleological and biological features of the submerged sea cave Elle, located at Cala Sorrentino (Capraia Island), representing an EU Natura 2000 Priority Habitat. Topographic (perimeter length, width, height, GPS location, depth) and hydrological parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, irradiance, water movement) were measured and its map was produced, based on morphological measurements and biological evidence. Species composition and biotic cover were investigated by image analysis. The benthic community was dominated by poriferans, together with remarkable assemblages of scleractinians and polychaete serpulids and clearly reflected the sharp light and hydrological gradients from the entrance to the cave bottom. Furthermore, different phases were hypothesized for the genesis of the cave during sea regression and flooding periods. To be signaled is the record of Petrobiona massiliana, a sponge was protected under both Barcelona and Bern Convention and of some individuals of polychaete Serpulinae, which are still under description.
Evaluation of the Effects of Culture Media and Light Sources on In Vitro Growth of Brassavola nodosa (L.) Lindl. Hybrid
Authors: Vendrame Wagner A. , Xu JianJian , Beleski David
Published: May 2022

Culture medium and light are important factors that affect the process of in vitro propagation of plants. Particularly for orchids, diverse culture media have been evaluated for micropropagation of many species and hybrids. More recently, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have become widely used in agriculture, including micropropagation commercial operations, resulting in increased production and reduced costs compared to traditional fluorescent lights. Brassavola nodosa (L.) Lindl. is an orchid, with great potential for commercialization as a potted flowering plant due to the beauty and fragrance of its inflorescences. In this study, we evaluated the effects of culture media (VW, MS, and ½ MS) and light sources (three LED sources and one fluorescent light source) on the micropropagation of B. nodosa orchids. VW medium resulted in the best growth and development of in vitro shoots compared to MS and ½ MS media. Light sources with lower intensity, such as LED-3 (80 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD) resulted in the best plant performance in vitro, while LED-2 (1015 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD) showed the best plant performance ex vitro. Rooting was obtained in vitro without the need for a rooting phase. Survival ex vitro was 100%, with the successful growth and development of in vitro-derived plantlets during acclimatization.
Anxiety and Depression in a Non-Clinical Sample of Young Polish Adults: Presence of Meaning in Life as a Mediator
Authors: Szcześniak Małgorzata , Falewicz Adam , Strochalska Klaudia , Rybarski Radosław
Published: May 2022

Early adulthood, between 18 and 25, is viewed as a decisive period of life for the prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression. Although the topic of their mutual relationship is well-known, little has been uncovered about the mechanism underlying this connection. To understand the indirect pathways between anxiety and depression, we chose the sense of meaning of life as a mediator because people’s beliefs that their lives are or can be purposeful may protect against depression. The sample was composed of 277 Polish young adults. A small majority of the participants were women (58.8%). The mean age was M = 22.11 (SD = 1.72). We used in the research the Direct Behavior Rating-Scale Items Scale, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and the Brief Screen for Depression. Correlational analysis showed that, consistent with past findings, anxiety correlated positively with depression and searching for meaning. It was also negatively associated with presence of meaning. Moreover, depression was negatively linked to presence of meaning and positively with searching for meaning. Regression-based mediation analyses (PROCESS macro 3.4) proved that the relationship between anxiety and depression was mediated by presence of meaning in life, suggesting that having a sense of meaning may be a pathway by which feelings of tension relative to adverse events protect against depression.
Hardness-Dependent Water Quality Criteria for Protection of Freshwater Aquatic Organisms for Silver in China
Authors: Jin Qi , Feng Chenglian , Xia Peng , Bai Yingchen
Published: May 2022

Silver is toxic to freshwater aquatic organisms and aquatic ecosystems, and it is necessary to develop regional water quality criteria (WQC) for silver to protect the freshwater aquatic organisms in China. The toxicity database of silver for freshwater aquatic organisms involved 121 acute toxicity values for 35 species (6 phyla and 27 families) and 15 chronic toxicity values for 4 species (2 phyla and 4 families). Teleost fish showed the most sensitivity to silver after both short-term and long-term exposure. Significant correlations between the natural logarithms of hardness and the natural logarithms of acute silver toxicity were found for Daphnia magna, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Pimephales promelas. The criterion maximum concentration (CMC) was calculated by the species sensitivity distribution method with sigmoid as the best fitting model (Adj R2 0.9797), and the criterion continuous concentration (CCC) was obtained by the acute-to-chronic ratio method. The CMC and CCC of silver were e1.58ln(HCaCO3)−8.68, and e1.58ln(HCaCO3)−10.28 respectively, in China, with water hardness (HCaCO3, mg/L) as an independent variable. This research can provide a basis and reference for the management of silver to protect freshwater aquatic organisms in China.
Effect of a Screening and Education Programme on Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Regarding Osteoporosis among Malaysians
Authors: Chan Chin Yi , Subramaniam Shaanthana , Chin Kok-Yong , Ima-Nirwana Soelaiman , Muhammad Norliza , Fairus Ahmad , Ng Pei Yuen , Aini Jamil Nor , Aziz Noorazah Abd , Mohamed Norazlina
Published: May 2022

Background: Osteoporosis is an emerging geriatric condition with high morbidity and healthcare cost in developing nations experiencing rapid population ageing. Thus, identifying strategies to prevent osteoporosis is critical in safeguarding skeletal health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a bone health screening and education programme on knowledge, beliefs, and practice regarding osteoporosis among Malaysians aged 40 years and above. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted from April 2018 to August 2019. During the first phase of the study, 400 Malaysians (190 men, 210 women) aged ≥ 40 years were recruited in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Information on subjects’ demography, medical history, knowledge, and beliefs regarding osteoporosis, physical activity status, and dietary and lifestyle practices were obtained. Subjects also underwent body anthropometry measurement and bone mineral density scan (hip and lumbar spine) using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device. Six months after the first screening, similar investigations were carried out on the subjects. Results: During the follow-up session, 72 subjects were lost to follow up. Most of them were younger subjects with a lower awareness of healthy practices. A significant increase in knowledge, beliefs (p < 0.05), calcium supplement intake (p < 0.001), and dietary calcium intake (p = 0.036) and a reduction in coffee intake (p < 0.001) were found among subjects who attended the follow-up. In this study, the percentage of successful referrals was 41.86%. Subjects with osteoporosis were mostly prescribed alendronate plus vitamin D3 by medical doctors, and they followed the prescribed treatment accordingly. Conclusions: The bone health screening and education programmes in this study are effective in changing knowledge, beliefs, and practice regarding osteoporosis. The information is pertinent to policymakers in planning strategies to prevent osteoporosis and its associated problems among the middle-aged and elderly population in Malaysia. Nevertheless, a more comprehensive bone health education program that includes long-term monitoring and consultation is needed to halt the progression of bone loss.
Association of Daily Exposure to Air Pollutants with the Risk of Tuberculosis in Xuhui District of Shanghai, China
Authors: Xiong Ying , Yang Meixia , Wang Zhengzhong , Jiang Honglin , Xu Ning , Tong Yixin , Yin Jiangfan , Chen Yue , Jiang Qingwu , Zhou Yibiao
Published: May 2022

Previous studies have suggested that air pollutant exposure is related to tuberculosis (TB) risk, but results have not been consistent. This study evaluated the relation between daily air pollutant exposure and TB incidence in Shanghai from 2014 to 2019. Overall, there were four pollutants that were positively related to the risk of new TB cases. After a 5 μg/m3 increase, the maximum lag-specific and cumulative relative risk (RR) of SO2 were 1.081, (95% CI: 1.035–1.129, lag: 3 days) and 1.616 (95% CI: 1.119–2.333, lag: 0–13 days), while for NO2, they were 1.061 (95% CI: 1.015–1.11, lag: 4 days) and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.113–2.91, lag: 0–15 days). As for PM2.5, with a 50 μg/m3 increase, the lag-specific and cumulative RR were 1.064 (95% CI: 1–1.132, lag: 6 days) and 3.101 (95% CI: 1.096–8.777, lag: 0–21 days), while for CO, the lag-specific RR was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.005–1.057, lag: 8 days) and the cumulative RR was 1.436 (95% CI: 1.004–2.053, lag: 0–16 days) with a 100 μg/m3 increase. The associations tended to be stronger in male and elderly patients and differed with seasons. Air pollutant exposure may be a risk factor for TB incidence.
Contamination Level in Geo-Accumulation Index of River Sediments at Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Area in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
Authors: Basir  , Kimijima Satomi , Sakakibara Masayuki , Pateda Sri Manovita , Sera Koichiro
Published: May 2022

Substances found in watersheds and sediments in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) areas contaminated by heavy metals are becoming tremendously critical issues in Asia. This study aimed at clarifying the pollution caused by heavy metals in sediments in river basins near ASGM sites in Gorontalo Province, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sediment samples collected from experimental areas were classified into nine clay samples and twenty-seven sand samples, whereas three other samples were collected from the control area. Particle-induced X-ray emission was used to analyze these samples. The Statistical Package for the Social Science and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were also used for analysis. Based on the results, Hg, Pb, As, and Zn had a concentration of 0–334 µg/g, 5.5–1930 µg/g, 0–18,900 µg/g, and 0–4923.2 µg/g, respectively, which exceeded limits recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency consensus (1991) and the Indonesian Government Regulation Number 38, 2011. Furthermore, Igeo showed the order of the pollution degree Hg < Zn < Pb < As and reflected an environment contaminated by heavy metals, ranging from unpolluted to extremely polluted areas. Therefore, sediments contaminated by Hg, Pb, As, and Zn could be found along the river basin of mining areas.
Simulation of Land-Use Spatiotemporal Changes under Ecological Quality Constraints: The Case of the Wuhan Urban Agglomeration Area, China, over 2020–2030
Authors: Li Jingye , Gong Jian , Guldmann Jean-Michel , Yang Jianxin , Zhang Zhong
Published: May 2022

Human activities coupled with land-use change pose a threat to the regional ecological environment. Therefore, it is essential to determine the future land-use structure and spatial layout for ecological protection and sustainable development. Land use simulations based on traditional scenarios do not fully consider ecological protection, leading to urban sprawl. Timely and dynamic monitoring of ecological status and change is vital to managing and protecting urban ecology and sustainable development. Remote sensing indices, including greenness, humidity, dryness, and heat, are calculated annually. This method compensates for data loss and difficulty in stitching remote sensing ecological indices over large-scale areas and long time-series. Herein, a framework is developed by integrating the four above-mentioned indices for a rapid, large-scale prediction of land use/cover that incorporates the protection of high ecological quality zone (HEQZ) land. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform is used to build a comprehensive HEQZ map of the Wuhan Urban Agglomeration Area (WUAA). Two scenarios are considered: Ecological protection (EP) based on HEQZ and natural growth (NG) without spatial ecological constraints. Land use/cover in the WUAA is predicted over 2020–2030, using the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model. The results show that: (1) the HEQZ area covers 21,456 km2, accounting for 24% of the WUAA, and is mainly distributed in the Xianning, Huangshi, and Xiantao regions. Construction land has the highest growth rate (5.2%) under the NG scenario. The cropland area decreases by 3.2%, followed by woodlands (0.62%). (2) By delineating the HEQZ, woodlands, rivers, lakes, and wetlands are well protected; construction land displays a downward trend based on the EP scenario with the HEQZ, and the simulated construction land in 2030 is located outside the HEQZ. (3) Image processing based on GEE cloud computing can ameliorate the difficulties of remote sensing data (i.e., missing data, cloudiness, chromatic aberration, and time inconsistency). The results of this study can provide essential scientific guidance for territorial spatial planning under the premise of ecological security.
Emergency Departments as Care Providers for Patients with Cardiac Ambulatory Care Sensitive and Mental Health Conditions: Qualitative Interview and Focus Group Study with Patients and Physicians
Authors: Schmiedhofer Martina , Slagman Anna , Kuhlmann Stella Linea , Figura Andrea , Oslislo Sarah , Schneider Anna , Schenk Liane , Rose Matthias , Möckel Martin
Published: May 2022

Mental health conditions are frequent among patients with somatic illnesses, such as cardiac diseases. They often remain undiagnosed and are related to increased utilization of outpatient services, including emergency department care. The objective of this qualitative study was to investigate the significance of the emergency department in the patients’ course of treatment and from the physicians’ perspective. An improved understanding of the subjective needs of this specific patient group should provide hints for targeted treatment. This study is part of the prospective EMASPOT study, which determined the prevalence of mental health conditions in emergency department patients with cardiac ambulatory care sensitive conditions. The study on hand is the qualitative part, in which 20 semi-structured interviews with patients and a focus group with six ED physicians were conducted. Data material was analyzed using the qualitative content analysis technique, a research method for systematically identifying themes or patterns. For interpretation, we used the “typical case approach”. We identified five “typical patient cases” that differ in their cardiac and mental health burden of disease, frequency and significance of emergency department and outpatient care visits: (1) frequent emergency department users with cardiac diseases and mental health conditions, (2) frequent emergency department users without cardiac diseases but with mental health conditions, (3) needs-based emergency department users with cardiac diseases; (4) targeted emergency department users as an alternative to specialist care and (5) patients surprised by initial diagnose of cardiac disease in the emergency department. While patients often perceived the emergency department visit itself as a therapeutic benefit, emergency department physicians emphasized that frequent examinations of somatic complaints can worsen mental health conditions. To improve care, they proposed close cooperation with the patients’ primary care providers, access to patients’ medical data and early identification of mental health conditions after cardiac diagnoses, e.g., by an examination tool.
Lack of Awareness of Own Hypercholesterolemia or Statin Medication among Adult Statin Users in the United States: Prevalence and Patient Characteristics in a Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Imai Kenjiro , Sugiyama Takehiro , Ohsugi Mitsuru , Kakei Masafumi , Hara Kazuo
Published: May 2022

Knowledge of a patient’s medication is important in treating hyperlipidemia; however, little is known about this in practice. We carried out a repeated cross-sectional study to analyze a nationally representative sample of US adult statin users from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2018. We used medication bottle checks and self-reported survey data to estimate the percentage of individuals who are unaware of their hypercholesterolemia, type of medication, or how to take their medication. We used logistic regression to examine their characteristics. We included 8798 statin users; however, 17.6% were unaware of their hypercholesterolemia or statin use. Being older, male, non-Hispanic Black, taking a wider range of prescription medications, and previous diabetes or cardiovascular disease diagnosis were associated with lack of awareness. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was lower among those lacking awareness (85.5 vs. 100.7 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Many of those unaware of drug type had been given little information about statins; 34.0% had no diagnosis of diabetes or cardiovascular disease, and of these, 27.1% were >75 years old. Roughly one in six lacked awareness, but no association was found with hypercholesterolemia control. Healthcare providers should ascertain a patient’s understanding and consider the risks and benefits of statin medication.