bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sediment Cores from White Pond, South Carolina, contain a Platinum Anomaly, Pyrogenic Carbon Peak, and Coprophilous Spore Decline at 12.8 ka
Authors: Moore Christopher R. , Brooks Mark J. , Goodyear Albert C. , Ferguson Terry A. , Perrotti Angelina G. , Mitra Siddhartha , Listecki Ashlyn M. , King Bailey C. , Mallinson David J. , Lane Chad S. , Kapp Joshua D. , West Allen , Carlson David L. , Wolbach Wendy S. , Them Theodore R. , Harris M. Scott , Pyne-O’Donnell Sean
Published: October 2019

A widespread platinum (Pt) anomaly was recently documented in Greenland ice and 11 North American sedimentary sequences at the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) event (~12,800 cal yr BP), consistent with the YD Impact Hypothesis. We report high-resolution analyses of a 1-meter section of a lake core from White Pond, South Carolina, USA. After developing a Bayesian age-depth model that brackets the late Pleistocene through early Holocene, we analyzed and quantified the following: (1) Pt and palladium (Pd) abundance, (2) geochemistry of 58 elements, (3) coprophilous spores, (4) sedimentary organic matter (OC and sedaDNA), (5) stable isotopes of C (δ13C) and N (δ15N), (6) soot, (7) aciniform carbon, (8) cryptotephra, (9) mercury (Hg), and (10) magnetic susceptibility. We identified large Pt and Pt/Pd anomalies within a 2-cm section dated to the YD onset (12,785 ± 58 cal yr BP). These anomalies precede a decline in coprophilous spores and correlate with an abrupt peak in soot and C/OC ratios, indicative of large-scale regional biomass burning. We also observed a relatively large excursion in δ15N values, indicating rapid climatic and environmental/hydrological changes at the YD onset. Our results are consistent with the YD Impact Hypothesis and impact-related environmental and ecological changes.
Mitigation of ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching via loss control urea triggered H-bond forces
Authors: Ma Zhipan , Yue Yanjun , Feng Mengxi , Li Yushun , Ma Xue , Zhao Xu , Wang Shenqiang
Published: October 2019

Excess nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to crops, which discharges to the environment, principally through denitrification, runoff, leaching, and volatilization, results in a waste of resources and pollution. Here, a high-performance loss control urea (LCU) was prepared by adding a loss control agent (LCA) with high thermal stability, large specific surface area, and good water retention capacity complex (6%) to traditional urea (94%). The existence of hydrogen bonds between LCA and N source for LCU in the presence of water enhanced N source adsorption capacity, where adsorption between LCA and NH4+-N was strongest, for urea and NO3−-N was weakest. In a laboratory experiment, cumulative losses of NH3 volatilization from soils treated with N application rates of 80, 160 and 240 kg N ha−1 were 14.8, 18.1, and 24.2% for urea, respectively, and 10.1, 12.7, and 17.5% for LCU. Simulated rapid and long-term leaching experiments showed that, compared with urea, LCU reduced N leaching loss within 30 d, and delayed long-term N leaching loss. Hydrogen bonds in LCU effectively controlled NH3 volatilization and N leaching loss. This type of LCU may optimize supply of N in soils and increase adsorption and utilization of N in crops.
Highly efficient evaluation of diffusion networks in Li ionic conductors using a 3D-corrugation descriptor
Authors: France-Lanord Arthur , Asahi Ryoji , Leblanc Benoît , Lee Joohwi , Wimmer Erich
Published: October 2019

A highly efficient computational approach for the screening of Li ion conducting materials is presented and its performance is demonstrated for olivine-type oxides and thiophosphates. The approach is based on a topological analysis of the electrostatic (Coulomb) potential obtained from a single density functional theory calculation augmented by a Born-Mayer-type repulsive term between Li ions and the anions of the material. This 3D-corrugation descriptor enables the automatic determination of diffusion pathways in one, two, and three dimensions and reproduces migration barriers obtained from density functional theory calculations using nudged elastic band method within approximately 0.1 eV. Importantly, it correlates with Li ion conductivity. This approach thus offers an efficient tool for evaluating, ranking, and optimizing materials with high Li-ion conductivity.
Direct observation of dislocation plasticity in high-Mn lightweight steel by in-situ TEM
Authors: Kim Sung-Dae , Park Jun Young , Park Seong-Jun , Jang Jae hoon , Moon Joonoh , Ha Heon-Young , Lee Chang-Hoon , Kang Jun-Yun , Shin Jong-Ho , Lee Tae-Ho
Published: October 2019

To gain the fundamental understanding of deformation mechanisms in an aluminum-containing austenitic high-Mn steel (Fe-32Mn-8.9Al-0.78 C (wt.%)), in-situ straining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis is conducted. The in-situ observation during the deformation demonstrates that the plastic deformation is accommodated by the pronounced planar dislocation gliding followed by the formation of slip bands (SBs) and highly dense dislocation walls (HDDWs). Experimental evidences of the glide plane softening can be obtained from the interaction between the gliding perfect dislocations and the L’12 ordered precipitates in the austenite matrix. Furthermore, the observation of the localized cross-slip of dislocations at the slip band intersections enables to understand why slip bands are extensively developed without mutual obstructions between the slip bands. The enhanced strain hardening rate of the aluminum-containing austenitic high-Mn steels can be attributed to the pronounced planar dislocation glides followed by formation of extensive slip band which prevent premature failure by suppressing strain localization.
Co-inoculation effect of Rhizobium and Achillea millefolium L. oil extracts on growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and soil microbial-chemical properties
Authors: Turan Veysel , Schröder Peter , Bilen Serdar , Insam Heribert , Fernández-Delgado Juárez Marina
Published: October 2019

Essential oils (EO) of several plant species have the potential to combat plant and fungal diseases. However, the effects ofAchillea millefoliumEO on the development of common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.), is still unknown. Moreover, its effect on N2-fixing bacteria, and in general on soil properties has not been studied yet. A greenhouse trial was set up to evaluate both the influence thatAchillea millefoliumEO and the inoculation with three differentRhizobiumstrains have on the bean plant and on the chemical and microbiological properties of an agriculturally used Cambisol. Non-inoculated pots were used as control. Our findings showed a decrease in bacterial colony forming units due to EO application and an increase following theRhizobiuminoculation compared to the control. The EO application decreased soil basal respiration and activities of dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase. Such effects were stronger with higher oil concentrations. Moreover, the treatments combiningRhizobiuminoculation with EO showed a positive effect on nodulation and plant height. Overall, the combined application ofAchillea millefoliumEO and rhizobia works as an efficient biocide that could be applied in organic agriculture without hampering the activity of nodule-forming N-fixing bacteria and the development of common bean.
Interaction between fire and fragmentation in the successional stages of coastal dune grasslands of the southern Pampas, Argentina
Authors: Yezzi Alejandra L. , Nebbia Ana J. , Zalba Sergio M.
Published: October 2019

Vegetation’s increased vulnerability to extrinsic disturbances is an important but less studied effect of natural habitat fragmentation. Fire is part of the evolutionary history of grassland ecosystems, but fragmentation by forest plantations can alter the fire regime and influence their resilience. This study compares the successional trajectories after fire in continuous and fragmented grassland in terms of composition and abundance of plant species. Grassland fragments of varying sizes (0.1 to 2.5 ha) surrounded by a forest matrix and grassland controls of an equivalent area in adjacent, non-fragmented sites were selected. Fire was associated with an increase in the abundance of exotic plants in the fragmented grassland whereas the continuous grasslands were much more resistant to invasion. These differences in the species composition between fragments and continuous areas, which were limited to the smaller areas before the fire, were observed one year after the fire throughout the range of sizes analyzed. These results show the impact of fragmentation on grassland resilience and how the effects of this process become evident even months after a disturbance, highlighting the synergistic effect of habitat fragmentation and biological invasions, two factors identified as the main forces of biodiversity erosion.
Single-crystalline boron-doped diamond superconducting quantum interference devices with regrowth-induced step edge structure
Authors: Kageura Taisuke , Hideko Masakuni , Tsuyuzaki Ikuto , Morishita Aoi , Kawano Akihiro , Sasama Yosuke , Yamaguchi Takahide , Takano Yoshihiko , Tachiki Minoru , Ooi Shuuichi , Hirata Kazuto , Arisawa Shunichi , Kawarada Hiroshi
Published: October 2019

Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are currently used as magnetic flux detectors with ultra-high sensitivity for various applications such as medical diagnostics and magnetic material microstructure analysis. Single-crystalline superconducting boron-doped diamond is an excellent candidate for fabricating high-performance SQUIDs because of its robustness and high transition temperature, critical current density, and critical field. Here, we propose a fabrication process for a single-crystalline boron-doped diamond Josephson junction with regrowth-induced step edge structure and demonstrate the first operation of a single-crystalline boron-doped diamond SQUID above 2 K. We demonstrate that the step angle is a significant parameter for forming the Josephson junction and that the step angle can be controlled by adjusting the microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition conditions of the regrowth layer. The fabricated junction exhibits superconductor–weak superconductor–superconductor-type behaviour without hysteresis and a high critical current density of 5800 A/cm2.
Traceable Quantum Steganography Scheme Based on Pixel Value Differencing
Authors: Luo Jia , Zhou Ri-Gui , Luo GaoFeng , Li YaoChong , Liu GuangZhong
Published: October 2019

A novel and traceable quantum steganography scheme based on pixel value differencing (PVD) is proposed. In the proposed scheme, a quantum cover image is divided into non-overlapping blocks of two consecutive pixels. Then, by a series of reversible logic circuits, we calculate the difference value based on the values of the two pixels in each block and classify it as one of a set of continuous ranges. The secret image and operator information are embedded in the cover image by using the new obtained difference value to replace the original one. The number of bits of secret image that can be embedded in a block is determined, and the number of bits of operator information is decided by the range of the difference value belongs to. Moreover, when the embedded data is extracted from a stego image, it is not necessary to refer to the original cover image. The performance of the proposed scheme is based on the analysis of several categories of simulation results, such as visual quality, capacity, and robustness.
Combined CT radiomics of primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes improves prediction of loco-regional control in head and neck cancer
Authors: Bogowicz Marta , Tanadini-Lang Stephanie , Guckenberger Matthias , Riesterer Oliver
Published: October 2019

Loco-regional control (LRC) is a major clinical endpoint after definitive radiochemotherapy (RCT) of head and neck cancer (HNC). Radiomics has been shown a promising biomarker in cancer research, however closer related to primary tumor control than composite endpoints. Radiomics studies often focus on the analysis of primary tumor (PT). We hypothesize that the combination of PT and lymph nodes (LN) radiomics better predicts LRC in HNC treated with RCT. Radiomics analysis was performed in CT images of 128 patients using Z-Rad implementation (training n = 77, validation n = 51). 285 features were extracted from PT and involved LN. Features were preselected with the maximum relevance minimum redundancy method and the multivariate Cox model was trained using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The mixed model was based on the combination of PT and LN radiomics, whereas the PT model included only the PT features. The mixed model showed significantly higher performance than the PT model (p < 0.01), c-index of 0.67 and 0.63, respectively; and better risk group stratification. The clinical nodal status was not a significant predictor in the combination with PT radiomics. This study shows that the LRC can be better predicted by expansion of radiomics analysis with LN features.
Pluronic gel-based burrowing assay for rapid assessment of neuromuscular health in C. elegans
Authors: Lesanpezeshki Leila , Hewitt Jennifer E. , Laranjeiro Ricardo , Antebi Adam , Driscoll Monica , Szewczyk Nathaniel J. , Blawzdziewicz Jerzy , Lacerda Carla M. R. , Vanapalli Siva A.
Published: October 2019

Whole-organism phenotypic assays are central to the assessment of neuromuscular function and health in model organisms such as the nematode C. elegans. In this study, we report a new assay format for engaging C. elegans in burrowing that enables rapid assessment of nematode neuromuscular health. In contrast to agar environments that pose specific drawbacks for characterization of C. elegans burrowing ability, here we use the optically transparent and biocompatible Pluronic F-127 gel that transitions from liquid to gel at room temperature, enabling convenient and safe handling of animals. The burrowing assay methodology involves loading animals at the bottom of well plates, casting a liquid-phase of Pluronic on top that solidifies via a modest temperature upshift, enticing animals to reach the surface via chemotaxis to food, and quantifying the relative success animals have in reaching the chemoattractant. We study the influence of Pluronic concentration, gel height and chemoattractant choice to optimize assay performance. To demonstrate the simplicity of the assay workflow and versatility, we show its novel application in multiple areas including (i) evaluating muscle mutants with defects in dense bodies and/or M-lines (pfn-3, atn-1, uig-1, dyc-1, zyx-1, unc-95 and tln-1), (ii) tuning assay conditions to reveal changes in the mutant gei-8, (iii) sorting of fast burrowers in a genetically-uniform wild-type population for later quantitation of their distinct muscle gene expression, and (iv) testing proteotoxic animal models of Huntington and Parkinson’s disease. Results from our studies show that stimulating animals to navigate in a dense environment that offers mechanical resistance to three-dimensional locomotion challenges the neuromuscular system in a manner distinct from standard crawling and thrashing assays. Our simple and high throughput burrowing assay can provide insight into molecular mechanisms for maintenance of neuromuscular health and facilitate screening for therapeutic targets.
Gene and lncRNA co-expression network analysis reveals novel ceRNA network for triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Le Kehao , Guo Hui , Zhang Qiulei , Huang Xiaojuan , Xu Ming , Huang Ziwei , Yi Pengfei
Published: October 2019

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype. Increasing evidence has shown that lncRNAs are involved in tumor growth, cell-cycle, and apoptosis through interactions with miRNAs or mRNAs. However, there is still limited data on ceRNAs involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying TNBC. In this study, we applied the weighted gene co-expression network analysis to the existing microarray mRNA and lncRNA expression data obtained from the breast tissues of TNBC patients to find the hub genes and lncRNAs involved in TNBC. Functional enrichment was performed on the module that correlated with Ki-67 status the most (Turquoise module). The hub genes in the Turquoise module were found to be associated with DNA repair, cell proliferation, and the p53 signaling pathway. We performed co-expression analysis of the protein-coding and lncRNA hub genes in the Turquoise module. Analysis of the RNA-seq data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed that the protein-coding genes and lncRNAs that were co-expressed were also differentially expressed in the TNBC tissues compared with the normal mammary tissues. On the basis of establishing the ceRNA network, two mRNAs (RAD51AP1 and TYMS) were found to be correlated with overall survival in TNBC. These results suggest that TNBC-specific mRNA and lncRNAs may participate in a complex ceRNA network, which represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of TNBC.
Orientation analysis of pentacene molecules in organic field-effect transistor devices using polarization-dependent Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Bhardwaj Bishwajeet Singh , Sugiyama Takeshi , Namba Naoko , Umakoshi Takayuki , Uemura Takafumi , Sekitani Tsuyoshi , Verma Prabhat
Published: October 2019

Pentacene, an organic molecule, is a promising material for high-performance field effect transistors due to its high charge carrier mobility in comparison to usual semiconductors. However, the charge carrier mobility is strongly dependent on the molecular orientation of pentacene in the active layer of the device, which is hard to investigate using standard techniques in a real device. Raman scattering, on the other hand, is a high-resolution technique that is sensitive to the molecular orientation. In this work, we investigated the orientation distribution of pentacene molecules in actual transistor devices by polarization-dependent Raman spectroscopy and correlated these results with the performance of the device. This study can be utilized to understand the distribution of molecular orientation of pentacene in various electronic devices and thus would help in further improving their performances.
Magnetic oxygen stored in quasi-1D form within BaAl2O4 lattice
Authors: Vrankić Martina , Šarić Ankica , Bosnar Sanja , Pajić Damir , Dragović Jure , Altomare Angela , Falcicchio Aurelia , Popović Jasminka , Jurić Marijana , Petravić Mladen , Badovinac Ivana Jelovica , Dražić Goran
Published: October 2019

Inorganic materials that enable a link between the storage and release of molecular oxygen offer a fertile ground in continuous quest for the applications that can potentially reduce energy consumption and thus minimize adverse effects on the environment. Herein, we address reversible intake/release of an oxygen within the BaAl2O4 material as evidenced by unexpected magnetic ordering. Magnetic measurements unveil that an oxygen is stored in the form of condensed matter, creating a kind of low dimensional, chain-like assembly within the tunnels of BaAl2O4 structure. We demonstrate that oxygen is adsorbed simply by staying in air, at ambient conditions, and released relatively quickly by staying in the He or other gas atmosphere of several millibars pressure even at 300 K.
Structural and In Vitro Functional Analyses of Novel Plant-Produced Anti-Human PD1 Antibody
Authors: Rattanapisit Kaewta , Phakham Tanapati , Buranapraditkun Supranee , Siriwattananon Konlavat , Boonkrai Chatikorn , Pisitkun Trairak , Hirankarn Nattiya , Strasser Richard , Abe Yoshito , Phoolcharoen Waranyoo
Published: October 2019

Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising and effective treatment for cancer. The frequently used immunotherapy agents are immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as antibodies specific to PD1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4. However, these drugs are highly expensive, and most people in the world cannot access the treatment. The development of recombinant protein production platforms that are cost-effective, scalable, and safe is needed. Plant platforms are attractive because of their low production cost, speed, scalability, lack of human and animal pathogens, and post-translational modifications that enable them to produce effective monoclonal antibodies. In this study, an anti-PD1 IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was transiently produced in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The plant-produced anti-PD1 mAb was compared to the commercial nivolumab produced in CHO cells. Our results showed that both antibodies have similar protein structures, and the N-glycans on the plant-produced antibody lacks plant-specific structures. The PD1 binding affinity of the plant-produced and commercial nivolumab, determined by two different techniques, that is, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), are also comparable. Plant-produced nivolumab binds to human PD1 protein with high affinity and specificity, blocks the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, and enhances T cell function, comparable to commercial nivolumab. These results confirmed that plant-produced anti-PD1 antibody has the potential to be effective agent for cancer immunotherapy.
School environment associates with lung function and autonomic nervous system activity in children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Paciência Inês , Rufo João Cavaleiro , Silva Diana , Martins Carla , Mendes Francisca , Rama Tiago , Rodolfo Ana , Madureira Joana , Delgado Luís , de Oliveira Fernandes Eduardo , Padrão Patrícia , Moreira Pedro , Severo Milton , Pina Maria Fátima , Teixeira João Paulo , Barros Henrique , Ruokolainen Lasse , Haahtela Tari , Moreira André
Published: October 2019

Children are in contact with local environments, which may affect respiratory symptoms and allergic sensitization. We aimed to assess the effect of the environment and the walkability surrounding schools on lung function, airway inflammation and autonomic nervous system activity. Data on 701 children from 20 primary schools were analysed. Lung function, airway inflammation and pH from exhaled breath condensate were measured. Pupillometry was performed to evaluate autonomic activity. Land use composition and walkability index were quantified within a 500 m buffer zone around schools. The proportion of effects explained by the school environment was measured by mixed-effect models. We found that green school areas tended to be associated with higher lung volumes (FVC, FEV1 and FEF25–75%) compared with built areas. FVC was significantly lower in-built than in green areas. After adjustment, the school environment explained 23%, 34% and 99.9% of the school effect on FVC, FEV1, and FEF25–75%, respectively. The walkability of school neighbourhoods was negatively associated with both pupil constriction amplitude and redilatation time, explaining −16% to 18% of parasympathetic and 8% to 29% of sympathetic activity. Our findings suggest that the environment surrounding schools has an effect on the lung function of its students. This effect may be partially mediated by the autonomic nervous system.
Highly Sensitive and Full Range Detectable Humidity Sensor using PEDOT:PSS, Methyl Red and Graphene Oxide Materials
Authors: Hassan Gul , Sajid Memoon , Choi Changhwan
Published: October 2019

Single transducer with humidity sensing materials has limitations in both range and sensitivity, which cannot be used to detect the full range of humidity with consistent sensitivity. To enlarge range and improve sensitivity in the all range relative humidity (RH), we propose a highly sensitive and full range detectable humidity sensor based on multiple inter-digital transducer (IDT) electrodes connected in series with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped poly (styrene sulfonate) anions (PEDOT: PSS), C15H15N3O2 (Methyl Red), and graphene oxide (GO) thin films as the active sensing materials. The humidity sensor with single active material has a limit in the detecting ranges, where the GO, PEDOT: PSS, and Methyl Red materials have sensing responses of 0 to 78% RH, 30 to 75% RH, and 25 to 100% RH, respectively. However, a humidity sensor using combined three active materials can respond to much wider range of RH with high sensitivity, where the IDTs and the active regions were prepared using ink-jet printing and spin coating, respectively. This proposed sensor can detect a full range of 0% RH to 100% RH. The response and recovery times are 1 sec and 3.5 sec, respectively. Our single sensing device using multiple IDTs connected different active materials in series can overcome the limitations of single transducer based sensor for the high performance sensor applications.
Improved lyophilization conditions for long-term storage of bacteriophages
Authors: Manohar Prasanth , Ramesh Nachimuthu
Published: October 2019

Phage therapy is one of the promising alternatives to combat the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance. Lyophilization is used for the preparation of pharmaceutical products to improve their stability in long-term storage. The aim of this study was to improve the stability of lyophilized bacteriophages using different excipients. Three lytic bacteriophages Escherichia phage ECP311, Klebsiella phage KPP235 and Enterobacter phage ELP140 were subjected to lyophilization using six different excipients: glucose, sucrose, gelatin, mannitol, polyethylene glycol and sorbitol. The lyophilized phages were stored at 4 °C and 37 °C and rehydrated using biological saline to test their viability at 5 months interval up to 20 months. The results showed that the use of sucrose, gelatin and their combination was beneficial in maintaining the viability of phages post-lyophilization. When lyophilized phages were stored at 4 °C, their viability was maintained up to 20 months, but at 37 °C there was a reduction in activity after 10 months. This is one of the few studies to report the lyophilization of phage cocktails to have viability for up to 10 months. Our study identified promising lyophilization excipients to effectively lyophilize bacteriophages for pharmaceutical applications and long-term storage.
Applicability evaluation of the diagnostic ratios consisting of bicyclic sesquiterpanes to source identification for seriously weathered spilled oils
Authors: Han Bin , Zheng Li , Yu Shun
Published: October 2019

Marine oil spills often cause long-term harm to the polluted environment.
A silica aerogel as an extractive coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples
Authors: Ji Xiangping , Feng Juanjuan , Li Chunying , Han Sen , Feng Jiaqing , Guo Wenjuan , Sun Min
Published: October 2019

A silica aerogel with high surface area was prepared by an acid–base two-step catalytic sol–gel method under ambient pressure drying.
Enhanced performance of chitosan/keratin membranes with potential application in peripheral nerve repair
Authors: Carvalho Cristiana R. , Costa João B. , Costa Lígia , Silva-Correia Joana , Moay Zi Kuang , Ng Kee Woei , Reis Rui L. , Oliveira Joaquim M.
Published: October 2019

In this work, the physicochemical and biological effect of incorporating human hair extracted keratin in 5% degree of acetylation chitosan membranes and its possible use as a guided tissue regeneration-based membrane were investigated.
LiMnPO4-olivine deposited on a nanoporous alloy as an additive-free electrode for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Mihaylov L. , Boyadzhieva T. , Tomov R. , Kumar V. , Koleva V. , Stoyanova R. , Spassov T.
Published: October 2019

A new strategy for the fabrication of binder- and carbon-free electrodes for lithium ion batteries is demonstrated.
PbMnTeO6: a chiral quasi 2D magnet with all cations in octahedral coordination and the space group problem of trigonal layered A2+M4+TeO6
Authors: Kuchugura Mariia D. , Kurbakov Alexander I. , Zvereva Elena A. , Vasilchikova Tatyana M. , Raganyan Grigory V. , Vasiliev Alexander N. , Barchuk Victor A. , Nalbandyan Vladimir B.
Published: October 2019

Neutron diffraction rejects the prismatic P6̄2m model with Mn/Te disorder and proves the chiral structure with octahedral coordination for all cations.
Comparative investigation on edible mushroomsMacrolepiota mastoidea,M. rhacodesandM. procera: functional foods with diverse biological activities
Authors: Ćirić Ana , Kruljević Ivana , Stojković Dejan , Fernandes Ângela , Barros Lillian , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Ferreira Isabel C. F. R. , Soković Marina , Glamočlija Jasmina
Published: October 2019

This study was oriented towards the investigation of the biological properties of three wild growing and edibleMacrolepiotaspecies (M. mastoidea,M. rhacodesandMacrolepiota procera) from Serbia.
Effects of different satiety levels on the fate of soymilk protein in gastrointestinal digestion and antigenicity assessed by an in vitro dynamic gastrointestinal model
Authors: Qing Shuting , Zhang Qiuqin , Li Wei , Azarpazhooh Elham , Simpson Benjamin K. , Rui Xin
Published: October 2019

The effects of different satiety levels on soymilk protein digestion and antigenicity have been evaluated by an in vitro dynamic gastrointestinal model.
Coordinative unsaturated CuI entities are crucial intermediates governing cell internalization of copper. A combined experimental ESI-MS and DFT study
Authors: Carlotto Silvia , Bonna Arkadiusz , Bossak-Ahmad Karolina , Bal Wojciech , Porchia Marina , Casarin Maurizio , Tisato Francesco
Published: October 2019

Model peptides relevant to hCtr1 transchelate CuI from the anti-tumour [CuI(PTA)4]+ complex before metal internalization into tumor cells.
Analyzing fidelity and reproducibility of DNA templated plasmonic nanostructures
Authors: Mathur Divita , Klein William P. , Chiriboga Matthew , Bui Hieu , Oh Eunkeu , Nita Rafaela , Naciri Jawad , Johns Paul , Fontana Jake , Díaz Sebastián A. , Medintz Igor L.
Published: October 2019

Synthetic DNA templated nanostructures offer an excellent platform for the precise spatial and orientational positioning of organic and inorganic nanomaterials.
Fluorine-assisted structural engineering of colloidal anatase TiO2 hierarchical nanocrystals for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Peng Lan , Liu Yiding , Li Yongjie , Teng Feng , Tang Aiwei , Yin Yadong
Published: October 2019

Anatase TiO2 hierarchical nanostructures were synthesized by introducing NaF as a competing capping agent, which exhibited an improved photocatalytic hydrogen production performance compared to commonly prepared TiO2 nanobipyramids.
Honeycomb-shaped carbon nanotube supports for BiVO4 based solar water splitting
Authors: Jessl Sarah , Rongé Jan , Copic Davor , Jones Michael A. , Martens Johan , De Volder Michael
Published: October 2019

Advances in the synthesis and assembly of nanomaterials offer a unique opportunity to purposefully design nanoparticle structures for a specific applications. Here 3D carbon nanotube structures are coated with BiVO4 for solar water splitting.
In situ encapsulation of Co-based nanoparticles into nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes-modified reduced graphene oxide as an air cathode for high-performance Zn–air batteries
Authors: Qi Haocheng , Feng Yingying , Chi Zhenzhen , Cui Yuanyuan , Wang Minghui , Liu Jie , Guo Ziyang , Wang Lei , Feng Shouhua
Published: October 2019

Co/Co4N@N-CNTs/rGO is designed and used as a bifunctional catalyst for bulk and flexible Zn–air batteries which display good electrochemical performance.
Revisiting the positive roles of liquid polysulfides in alkali metal–sulfur electrochemistry: from electrolyte additives to active catholyte
Authors: Chang Caiyun , Pu Xiong
Published: October 2019

The positive roles of dissolved polysulfides in Li–S electrochemistry are discussed, followed by a progress summary of alkali metal-polysulfide (redox flow) batteries.
Tuning aggregation-induced emission nanoparticle properties under thin film formation
Authors: Tavakoli Javad , Pye Scott , Reza A. H. M. Mosinul , Xie Ni , Qin Jian , Raston Colin L. , Tang Ben Zhong , Tang Youhong
Published: October 2019

The preparation of AIE nanoparticles under thin film formation controls their size and the associated fluorescent intensity, with the smaller nanoparticles significantly increasing brightness.
Fabrication of a cost-effective lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) membrane with antibacterial activity for dye removal
Authors: Cai Zengxiao , Remadevi Rechana , Al Faruque Md Abdullah , Setty Mohan , Fan Linpeng , Haque Abu Naser Md Ahsanul , Naebe Maryam
Published: October 2019

Dye wastewater has caused severe environmental and health problems. In this work, we have fabricated a novel low-cost membrane with good methylene blue dye adsorption and antibacterial property from naturally sustainable lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus).
Cadmium isotope fractionation in the soil – cacao systems of Ecuador: a pilot field study
Authors: Barraza Fiorella , Moore Rebekah E. T. , Rehkämper Mark , Schreck Eva , Lefeuvre Grégoire , Kreissig Katharina , Coles Barry J. , Maurice Laurence
Published: October 2019

Cd isotope composition in cacao seems to be cultivar-specific whereas Cd in soil is probably due to tree litter recycling.
Fe3O4/granular activated carbon as an efficient three-dimensional electrode to enhance the microbial electrosynthesis of acetate from CO2
Authors: Zhu Hao , Dong Zhiwei , Huang Qiong , Song Tian-shun , Xie Jingjing
Published: October 2019

Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) allows the transformation of CO2 into value-added products by coupling with renewable energy.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel, branched trident small interfering RNA nanostructures for sequence-specific RNAi activity
Authors: Chandela Akash , Ueno Yoshihito
Published: October 2019

Branched small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are potential candidates for on-target gene silencing with enhanced serum stability. Their physical characterization also presents them as a prospective drug for systemic delivery.
Simultaneous improvement of three parameters using a binary processing solvent system approach in as-cast non-fullerene solar cells
Authors: Qin Guoming , Zhang Lianjie , Yuan Dong , Jiang Haiying , Tang Wei , Chen Mingjun , Wu Weijing , Cao Yong , Chen Junwu
Published: October 2019

A binary solvent approach simultaneously improves the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor, and finally elevates the as-cast photovoltaic performance.
Ultrafast intramolecular energy transfer in a nanostructured organosilicon luminophore based on p-terphenyl and 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)benzene
Authors: Ponomarenko Sergey A. , Surin Nikolay M. , Skorotetcky Maxim S. , Borshchev Oleg V. , Pisarev Sergey A. , Svidchenko Evgenia A. , Fedorov Yuriy V. , Molins Francesc , Brixner Tobias
Published: October 2019

Förster theory allows quantitative description of the ultrafast intramolecular energy transfer observed experimentally within nanostructured organosilicon luminophores (NOLs).
Monolayer MoSe2/NiO van der Waals heterostructures for infrared light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Caiyun , Kang Zhe , Zheng Zhi , Zhang Yanan , Zhang Louwen , Su Jun , Zhang Zhi , Liu Nishuang , Li Luying , Gao Yihua
Published: October 2019

Nowadays monolayer transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have been widely researched due to their excellent optoelectronic properties.
Western Aphasia Battery–Revised Profiles in Primary Progressive Aphasia and Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Clark Heather M. , Utianski Rene L. , Duffy Joseph R. , Strand Edythe A. , Botha Hugo , Josephs Keith A. , Whitwell Jennifer L.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The primary aim was to examine the utility of the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised (WAB-R;
Kertesz, 2007
) for classifying variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Traditional WAB-R metrics of Aphasia Quotient (AQ), subtest scores, WAB-R classification, and several novel metrics were examined. A secondary aim was to examine these same WAB-R metrics in individuals with primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS).

Method

A retrospective analysis of WAB-R records from 169 participants enrolled in a study of neurodegenerative speech and language disorders was conducted. PPA/PPAOS classification was determined by consensus review of speech, language, and cognitive profiles. Scores on each of the WAB-R subtests were obtained to derive AQ, WAB-R aphasia profile, and 3 ratios reflecting relative performance on subtests.

Results

Mean AQ was significantly higher in the PPAOS group compared to all PPA variants except primary fluent aphasia. AQ above the normal cutoff was observed for 20% of participants with PPA. Significant main effects of group were noted for each of the subtests. Follow-up comparisons most frequently discriminated PPAOS, primary agrammatic aphasia (PAA), and logopenic progressive aphasia. Primary fluent aphasia and semantic dementia (SD) subtest scores were less distinctive, with the exception of Naming for SD, which was significantly lower than for PAA and PPAOS. When the WAB-R AQ detected aphasia, a classification of anomic aphasia was most frequently observed; this pattern held true for each of the PPA variants. The mean Information Content:Naming ratio was highest for SD, and the mean Comprehension:Fluency ratio was highest for PAA.

Conclusions

In the current study, AQ underestimated the presence of PPA and WAB-R classification did not distinguish among PPA classification determined by consensus. Performance on individual subtests and relative performance across subtests demonstrated inconsistent alignment with PPA classification. We conclude the WAB-R in isolation is inadequate to detect or characterize PPA. We instead suggest utilizing the WAB-R as 1 component of a comprehensive language and motor speech assessment when PPA is suspected.
Vocal Communication With Canonical Syllables Predicts Later Expressive Language Skills in Preschool-Aged Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: McDaniel Jena , Woynaroski Tiffany , Keceli-Kaysili Bahar , Watson Linda R. , Yoder Paul
Published: October 2019

Purpose

We examined associations between vocal communication with canonical syllables and expressive language and then examined 2 potential alternative explanations for such associations.

Method

Specifically, we tested whether the associations remained when excluding canonical syllables in identifiable words and controlling for the number of communication acts. Participants included 68 preverbal or low verbal children with autism spectrum disorder (
M
age
= 35.26 months).

Results

Vocal communication with canonical syllables and expressive language were concurrently and longitudinally associated with moderate to strong (
R
2
s = .13–.70) and significant (
p
s < .001) effect sizes. Even when excluding spoken words from the vocal predictor and controlling for the number of communication acts, vocal communication with canonical syllables predicted expressive language.

Conclusions

The findings provide increased support for measuring vocal communication with canonical syllables and for examining a causal relation between vocal communication with canonical syllables and expressive language in children with ASD who are preverbal or low verbal. In future studies, it may be unnecessary to eliminate identifiable words when measuring vocal communication in this population. Following replication, vocal communication with canonical syllables may be considered when making intervention- planning decisions.
Experimental characterization of modal noise in multimode fibers for astronomical spectrometers
Authors: Oliva E. , Rainer M. , Tozzi A. , Sanna N. , Iuzzolino M. , Brucalassi A.
Published: October 2019

Context. High resolution spectroscopy at high signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) is one the key techniques of the quantitative study of the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. Observations at near-infrared wavelengths with fiber-fed spectrographs coupled to extremely large telescopes are particularly important to tackle the ultimate goal of detecting biosignatures in rocky planets.

Aims. To achieve high S/Ns in fiber-fed spectrogrpahs, the systematic noise effects introduced by the fibers must be properly understood and mitigated. In this paper we concentrate on the effects of modal noise in multimode fibers.

Methods. Starting from our puzzling on-sky experience with the GIANO-TNG spectrometer we set up an infrared high resolution spectrometer in our laboratory and used this instrument to characterize the modal noise generated in fibers of different types (circular and octagonal) and sizes. Our experiment includes two conventional scrambling systems for fibers: a mechanical agitator and an optical double scrambler.

Results. We find that the strength of the modal noise primarily depends on how the fiber is illuminated. It dramatically increases when the fiber is under-illuminated, either in the near field or in the far field. The modal noise is similar in circular and octagonal fibers. The Fourier spectrum of the noise decreases exponentially with frequency; i.e., the modal noise is not white but favors broad spectral features. Using the optical double scrambler has no effect on modal noise. The mechanical agitator has effects that vary between different types of fibers and input illuminations. In some cases this agitator has virtually no effect. In other cases, it mitigates the modal noise, but flattens the noise spectrum in Fourier space; i.e., the mechanical agitator preferentially filters the broad spectral features.

Conclusions. Our results show that modal noise is frustratingly insensitive to the use of octagonal fibers and optical double scramblers; i.e., the conventional systems used to improve the performances of spectrographs fed via unevenly illuminated fibers. Fiber agitation may help in some cases, but its effect has to be verified on a case-by-case basis. More generally, our results indicate that the design of the fiber link feeding a spectrograph should be coupled with laboratory measurements that reproduce, as closely as possible, the conditions expected at the telescope.
Influence of pedoclimatic factors on grapevine performance and berry ripening: Preliminary results of Chardonnay grown in Friuli Venezia Giulia region, Italy
Authors: Bavaresco L. , Lemaignen J. , Neethling E. , Squeri C. , Coulon-Leroy C.
Published: October 2019

The concept of terroir is widely used in the wine industry, and many studies are undertaken to better understand the influence of local terrain features on produced wines. In this context, this study monitored nine Chardonnay plots in the Fruili wine region of Italy to gather information on grapevine growth and berry ripening. The study objective was to define viticulture potentialities allowing to identify future strategies for the production of a “single vineyard” Chardonnay wine at the Vie di Romans estate, Italy. During the growing season of 2017, relations were studied between terrain features and field observations on vine phenology and grape ripening. Stem water potential and gas exchange measurements were also effectuated. Results show that there are significant differences between the studied plots. Earliness of the grapevine cycle between the plots has been less evident to determine than the variation in berry characteristics. The latter were linked with identified pedoclimatic units, but the effect of the cultural practices should not be overlooked. The study should be perceived as a first monitoring campaign, highlighting the important differences between study plots. Further investigation in the following seasons should give a more accurate perception of individual plot characteristics and their impacts.
Real-time and spatially resolved assessment of pathogens in crops for site-specific pesticide reduction strategies
Authors: Kilin V. , Pini V. , Kasparian J. , Gros S. , Wolf J.-P.
Published: October 2019

We deploy a network of autonomous stations measuring meteorological and soil parameters, as well as the airborne particle size distribution with a focus on the size ofPlasmapora Viticola(PV). They provide early warning and detection of PV spore outbursts with high spatial and temporal resolution. We evidence the high spatial inhomogeneity of this pathogen, potentially allowing to limit treatments to the specific times and locations where infection risk is detected.
Austrian Pinot blanc wines: Typicity, wine styles and the influence of different oenological decisions on the volatile profile of wines
Authors: Philipp C. , Sari S. , Eder P. , Patzl-Fischerleitner E. , Eder R.
Published: October 2019

Pinot blanc is found in all wine regions of Austria. However, it plays an economically subordinate role compared to the most important white grape variety, Grüner Veltliner. The concept of wine typicity and terroir is that the geographical origin and oenological practices, along with the grape variety, make an important contribution to the final expression of the finished wine. The purpose of this study was to discuss different styles of Austrian Pinot blanc wines and to discuss the various wine production decisions in terms of wine stylistics and aromatic profile. 131 commercial Austrian wine samples of the Pinot blanc variety of the 2015 to 2017 vintages were collected and the manufacturer's practices were determined by means of a questionnaire related to the wine styles. Using various GC-SIM-MS methods, more than 100 essential volatile substances were quantified. A trained panel, an expert panel and consumers evaluated the wines based on typicity and quality. 15 typical wines were then assessed on a sensory basis by means of predetermined aroma and wine styles. The four Austrian Pinot blanc wine styles previously discussed and presented by the same authors (citrus (1st style), green apple and green pear (2nd style), ripe yellow apple, quince, cooked pear, bread and honey notes (3rd style), as well as intensive oak notes (4th style)) were able to be partially reproduced by the trained panel. The following three wine styles could be better understood by the consumers: fresh fruity (style A), complex aroma with or without moderate wood (style B) and lots of wood aroma (style C). These styles (A–C) were able to withstand a sensory examination and a discriminant analysis by substance. An oenological guideline could help the producers to achieve the respective style. Austria's wine-growing area is probably too small and the importance of the Pinot blanc variety for the individual areas still too low to support the terroir concept for this grape variety.
Use of a solution of organic acids, a byproduct of the Rectified Concentrated Must production process, for the acidification of wines
Authors: Bosso A. , Guaita M. , Panero L. , Bonello F. , Vallini V.
Published: October 2019

The production cycle of Rectified Concentrated Must (RCM) includes a deionization phase performed with ion exchange resins, that are regenerated after each deionization cycle with strong mineral acids or strong bases. The resulting waste water is particularly rich in cations and anions removed from the must, and various processes for the recovery of tartaric acid are normally performed. More recently, new techniques have been developed for the recovery of all organic acids of the must as concentrated solutions of organic acids (SGA: Solutions of Grapes organic Acids). The work was aimed at determining the acidic profile and some specifics of SGA for a possible use as wine acidifiers. Moreover, some trials were carried out to define the correct dose of SGA to be added to wines in order to cause a given decrease of pH, equivalent to that obtained with H2T. As a result, a method was proposed for the calculation of the dose of SGA needed to determine a given decrease of wine pH. The recovery and valorization of SGA from the RCM processing cycle can represent a virtuous example of biorefinery, within the framework of the circular and green economy promoted by EU.