bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hatchery type influences the gill microbiome of Atlantic farmed salmon (Salmo salar) after transfer to sea
Authors: Katchkin-Stewart Kelly J , Boerlage Annette S. , Barr William , Ijaz Umer Z. , Smith Cindy J.
Published: August 2024

Background
Salmon aquaculture involves freshwater and seawater phases. Recently there has been an increase in multifactorial gill health challenges during the seawater phase which has led to an urgent need to understand the gill microbiome. There is a lack of understanding on what drives the composition of the gill microbiome, and the influence the freshwater stage has on its long-term composition. We characterise the gill microbiome from seven cohorts of Atlantic salmon raised in six different freshwater operational systems - recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), flowthrough (FT) and loch-based system, prior to and after transfer to seven seawater farms, over two different input seasons, S0 (2018) and S1 (2019).
Results
Using the V1-V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene, we produced amplicon libraries absent of host contamination. We show that hatchery system influenced the gill microbiome (PERMAOVA R2 = 0.226, P < 0.001). Loch and FT systems were more similar to each other than the three RAS systems, which clustered together. On transfer to sea, the gill microbiomes of all fish changed and became more similar irrespective of initial hatchery system, seawater farm location or season of input. Even though the gill microbiome among seawater farm locations was different between locations (PERMAOVA R2 = 0.528, P < 0.001), a clustering of the gill microbiomes by hatchery system of origin was still observed soon after transfer (PERMAOVA R = 0.164, P < 0.001). Core microbiomes were found between all salmon, hatcheries and seawater groups at a genus level, and at ASV level among FT and loch systems; and again among all seawater farms. The gill microbiome and surrounding water at each hatchery had more shared ASVs than seawater farms.
Conclusion
We show that hatchery system, loch, FT or RAS, significantly impacts the gill microbiome. On transfer to sea, the microbiomes change and become more similar. After transfer, the individual sites to which the fish are transferred become a significant driver, while a signature from the hatchery operation system remains. Future gill disease mitigation methods that target enhancing the gill microbiome may be most effective in the freshwater stage, as there were more shared ASVs between water and gill at hatchery, compared to at sea.
The Role of Chest X-ray in Tuberculosis Detection for High School Students in China: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wang Mei , Yin Jin , Wu Chengguo , Shi Yaling , Liu Ying , Rao Jun , Li Dan , Su Qian , Zhang Zhengyu , Huang Xueyong , Yu Ya , Fan Jun , Wu Bo
Published: August 2024

Background
In China, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) screening for children and adolescents is not only focused on family contacts, but also students in high schools. The research objective is to investigate chest X-ray (CXR) abnormalities and its risk factors.
Methods
From January 2022 to December 2022, PTB screening was conducted among 24577 Senior 1 and Senior 2 students in Chongqing using the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and CXR.
Results
The detection rate for suspected PTB through CXR was 0.5% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.3%-0.8%), and the detection rate for PTB through CXR was 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.6%). Participants in Southeast Districts were more likely to develop PTB (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR], 9.6; 95% CI, 1.3–70.4).
Conclusions
CXR has played a significant role in PTB screening in high schools in the Chongqing. It is necessary to strengthen policy support for the Southeast Districts in Chongqing.
Optic disc edema with decreased visual function after high-altitude exposure
Authors: Li Yuyu , Sun Mingming , Chen Biyue , Xu Xintong , Chen Xiyun , Wang Yuhang , Xu Quangang , Zhou Huanfen , Wei Shihui
Published: August 2024

Purpose
A high incidence of clinical optic disc edema in high altitudes has been shown; however, almost all patients completely regress on return to lowlands and do not complain of visual symptoms such as vision loss or visual field defect. Here, we report six patients with optic disc edema and remarkably decreased visual function after high-altitude exposure, which we diagnosis as nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION).
Methods
Clinical characteristics, intracranial pressure, and testing for risk factors associated with NAION were collected retrospectively from patients at the neuro-ophthalmology department of the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital in China presenting with optic disc edema and decreased visual function after high-altitude exposure between October 2020 and September 2023.
Results
Eleven eyes of six patients (five male and one female) were included, with a mean age of 47.3 ± 11.76 (range 28–63) years. Simultaneous bilateral eye involvement was present in 83.3% of (5/6) patients. All cases presented diffuse disc edema at the time of onset. There was a definite time lag, which ranged from 7 days to 1 month, between arrival at high altitude and onset of symptoms. All patients had normal intracranial pressure. Mean vision acuity was worst (20/50) at 2 weeks, and the best mean vision acuity was 20/30 at 6 months. Visual field defects were seen in all patients at the early stage of the disease and had eventual remnants. All patients had small cup-to-disc ratios. One patient had hypertension and severe sleep apnoea; one had hypercholesterolemia and hypertension; and one had hypercholesterolemia.
Conclusion
Optic disc edema with decreased visual function and visual field defects after high-altitude exposure can occur. The possibility of NAION should be considered in this situation.
Retrospective Cohort Study on 3D Printing Technology for Preoperative Rehearsal and Intraoperative Navigation in Laparoscopic Rectal Cancer Surgery with Left Colic Artery Preservation
Authors: Zhao Zongxian , Hu Zongju , Yao Rundong , Su Xinyu , Zhu Shu , Jie Sun , Yao Yuan
Published: August 2024

Background
Previous studies have shown that preserving the left colic artery (LCA) during laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer (RC) can maintain the blood supply to the remaining colon without compromising the oncological outcomes. However, anatomical variations in the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and LCA present significant surgical challenges. Here, we construct a 3D printing IMA model for preoperative rehearsal and intraoperative navigation to analyze its positive impact on surgical safety.
Methods
We retrospectively collected clinical dates from patients with RC who received laparoscopic radical resection from January 2022 to May 2024 at Fuyang City People's Hospital. Patients were divided into 3D printing group and control group and their perioperative characteristics were statistically analyzed.
Results
172 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection for RC were included in the study. Among them, a total of 32 patients were excluded due to exclusion criteria. Finally, observe group (3D printing group) was comprised of 72 patients, while control group consisted of 68 patients. Operating time (196.7 ± 44.5 vs. 233.3 ± 44.3 min, p < 0.001), intraoperative blood loss (43.9 ± 31.3 vs. 58.2 ± 30.8 ml, p = 0.005), duration of hospitalization (14.3 ± 5.1 vs. 18.7 ± 9.2 days, p < 0.001), and postoperative recovery time (9.1 ± 5.1 vs. 11.9 ± 7.1 days, p = 0.007) were significantly lower in observe group than in control group. There were no significant differences in the number of lymph node dissections, presence of lymph vessel invasion, postoperative intestinal obstruction and anastomotic leakage between the two groups.
Conclusions
Utilization of a 3D-printed IMA model in laparoscopic radical resection of RC can assist the surgeon in understanding the LCA anatomy preoperatively, reducing intraoperative bleeding, shortening operating time.
A STUDY ON POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF WASHER-MEN COMMUNITY IN VILLIANUR COMMUNE OF PUDUCHERRY REGION
Authors: P. Vignarajan
Published: August 2024

The washer-men communities are all Informal workers the government has offers many policies to Washer-men communities like, Old age pension scheme. Even after the policies washer-men community cannot grow in socio-economic level due to illiteracy rate, lack of political awareness. Washing cloths now became a corporate sector but traditional washer-men community people is not develop. The government has to give a different kinds of skill training to washing clothes. Our local body government has to give important to these kinds of grass route workers. This paper also investigates the socio-cultural relations of this caste with other castes in the villages. Caste is occupational unity of specific function but this casteÂ’s operations are extended from the limits of washing clothes to participate in. It explores the internal hierarchies and patron and dependent caste relations in the larger social arena.
BLOOD PRESSURE PROFILE AND DIETARY INTAKE OF STUDENTS EXEMPTED FROM PUBLIC GENERAL EDUCATION COLLEGES IN THE COMMUNE OF MISSERETE
Authors:   Athlete Motor Skills, Performance and Health Laboratory INJEPS), University ofAbomey-Calavi (UAC),Porto-Novo, Benin., Kpedetin Wilfrid Dieu-Donne Agbodjogbe , Zaki Yarou S. Kora ,   Sport, Health and Evaluation Research Unit (UR/SSE). National Institutefor Youth, Physical Education and Sport (INJEPS), University ofAbomey-Calavi (UAC), Porto-Novo, Benin., Kossivi Dosseh ,   Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome (Togo) 01BP: 1515 Lome1 - Togo., Akouavi Carolle Nadia Hountongbe ,   Athlete Motor Skills, Performance and Health Laboratory INJEPS), University ofAbomey-Calavi (UAC),Porto-Novo, Benin., Folly Messan ,   Unit of Respiratory, Hormonal and Gerontological Explorations of the Sportsman of the National Institute of Youth, Physical Education and Sport (University of Abomey-Calavi), (INJEPS), University ofAbomey-Calavi (UAC), Porto-Novo, Benin., Pierre H. Dansou ,   Physiology of Effort Research Unit of the National Institute of Youth, Physical Education and Sport (University of Abomey-Calavi), (INJEPS), University ofAbomey-Calavi (UAC), Porto-Novo, Benin.
Published: August 2024

Physical education is part of the compulsory curriculum in secondary schools in Benin. Despite being compulsory, it is observed that some students claim to be exempted from it in the first weeks of the school year. The main reasons cited, supported either rightly or wrongly by medical authority, include chest pains during exertion, heart palpitations, dizziness, high blood pressure, health conditions incompatible with physical education for a duration of one year or indefinite, etc.. Thus, faced with an increasingly high rate of exempted students, the dietary consumption of 126 exempted students, including 79 girls and 47 boys from public secondary schools in the commune of Misserete, was analyzed to establish a link with their blood pressure profile. The results revealed that none of the surveyed exempted students from these schools were hypertensive because they have good dietary habits. 45.2% are underweight and 12.6% are overweight or obese. Regarding dietary consumption, none of them consume alcoholic beverages or tobacco. 86.5% walk 2 to more than 3km to school, while 10.3% and 3.2% respectively come by bicycle and motorcycle. In conclusion, the study raised concerns about the sincerity of the statements of all exempted students as well as the certificates issued by medical authority. However, further research is needed to confirm or refute these results.
USAGE OF LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS FOR ENHANCING INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University., Cherniavskyi R.A. , Krainyk Y.M. ,   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University.
Published: August 2024

This study explores the advantages of using Large language models in interactive systems, analyzing existing technical and ethical challenges, and examining development prospects, particularly the optimization of Large language models for local processing on mobile devices to ensure user data privacy and security. Large language models such as GPT-4 and BERT can analyze large volumes of data and understand the context of queries, enabling intuitive interfaces. However, using Large language models involves significant technical and ethical challenges. Technical challenges include optimizing computational resources and ensuring stable model performance on resource-limited mobile devices. Ethical aspects include user data privacy and security issues, as data often needs to be processed on remote servers. This paper proposes solutions to these challenges by optimizing Large language models for local processing on mobile devices.
IDEOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS IN NEWS TRANSLATION: A COMPARATIVE POLITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT HEADLINES POST-OCTOBER 7TH
Authors: Mohammed Sagheer Eid Fahd
Published: August 2024

The study involves picking a group of news headlines from BBC, CNN, and Al Jazeera, in both English and their Arabic versions. The chosen headlines must be about the conflict between Israel and Palestine after October 7th. The study looks at how these headlines are translated to see if there are any changes in language or ideas. By using a special method called PDA, the headlines are studied to see how events and people are described. The focus is on the words used, the way the stories are presented, and whether there are any hidden or clear messages with a particular viewpoint. This study looks at how different ideas and cultural backgrounds affect the way news headlines from BBC, CNN, and Al Jazeera English are translated into Arabic, especially when talking about the Gaza War in 2023-2024. The study checks a number of headlines to see how these factors change the way the news is presented. Using a special way of analyzing language, the research finds out how each news companys translation choices match their overall way of reporting news, which leads to different views of the same events. The study shows that translation plays a big part in how people understand the news and suggests that we need to be more aware of the different ideas behind news in different languages. The Gaza War in 2023-2024 was a very important event that got a lot of attention from media around the world.Big news groups like BBC, CNN, and Al Jazeera have shared a lot of information about the conflict, each with their own special way of telling the story based on what they think is important and what their viewers want to hear. Its really important to know how these stories are translated into Arabic and what beliefs they support, because this can change how people see things. This should make viewers careful to not just believe any news story without thinking about the beliefs it might be supporting.
USING LOCAL CLIMATE ZONE (LCZ) TO STUDY THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND AT CITY LEVEL- A CASE STUDY OF AHMEDABAD
Authors:   Ph.D. Student, Faculty in Planning, CEPT University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat., Lal Rachita
Published: August 2024

Increased temperature in urban areas brings about various problems and thermal discomfort. Many studies focused on detecting the effects of land cover patterns on Land Surface Temperature (LST) using satellite imagery and subjective study (Peoples perception) of the thermal environment. A very limited number of studies (Kim et al., 2021) (Stewart & Oke, 2012) have focused on the Local Climate zone (LCZ) classification system and their use in the LULC and LST study. This study focused on investigating the UHI effect at the city level through a detailed step-wise process covering the literature review to the empirical investigation of LST. Using qualitative data from the expert panel discussion and quantitative data from satellite imagery, an experimental study will be conducted to observe the impact of different built-up types on the local temperature. This study presents a methodology to study a city by defining a universal standard that will enhance the understanding of LST at a micro-scale and give insight into mitigating the urban heat intensity through urban design and urban planning.
ACROMEGALY WITH NORMAL PITUITARY MRI AND NO IDENTIFIABLE ECTOPIC SECRETION: WHATS THE CHALLENGE?
Authors: Hamaichat Mariam , Malad Muhammad , Anas Guerboub Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Somatotropic pituitary adenoma is the most common etiology of acromegaly, most often detected at the macroadenoma stage. Some cases of acromegaly with normal pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been described in the literature, necessitating the search for an ectopic origin, which may also be normal this is a rare entity whose management and follow-up are not codified. Exploratory pituitary surgery or medical treatment with somatostatin analogues, dopaminergic agonists, or growth hormone (GH) antagonists may be proposed as a treatment. We report a case of acromegaly with normal pituitary MRI and no identifiable ectopic secretion, in which we opted for medical treatment with somatostatin analogues to stabilise the disease and limit its complications, with active monitoring of biological and morphological parameters.
CHILDHOOD TUBERCULAR MENINGITIS: INSIGHTS INTO CLINICAL PRESENTATION, RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS, AND OUTCOME DETERMINANTS
Authors: Ahmad Khurshid , and Vypashi , Ali Iftikhar
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Childhood tuberculosis (TB) in India affects around 342,000 children annually, with a detection gap of 56%, and includes significant cases of extra-pulmonary TB like tuberculous meningitis (TBM). TBM has high mortality and morbidity rates due to diagnostic challenges such as vague symptoms and difficulties in obtaining samples. This study aims to evaluate TBMs clinical and radiological profiles in children to improve diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes and enhance prognosis in high-burden settings. Methodology: This prospective observational study at Government Medical College Srinagar enrolled 30 children under 18 years suspected of TBM, based on prolonged fever, cough, and neurological signs, excluding those already on treatment or with chronic illnesses. Diagnostic tests included chest X-ray, Mantoux test, hemogram, CSF analysis, neuroimaging, and HIV testing, with patients classified using the Marais et al. TBM scoring system. Statistical analysis identified mortality-related factors, using descriptive statistics, comparative analyses, and logistic regression to adjust for confounders. Results: This study examined 30 pediatric patients with tubercular meningitis (TBM) at GMC Srinagar, revealing an average age of 6.65 years and a slight female predominance (53.3%). Common clinical features included fever (83.3%), altered sensorium (56.7%), and seizures (53.3%), with 93.3% showing meningeal irritation and 56.7% exhibiting raised intracranial pressure. CSF analysis showed elevated protein and decreased glucose levels imaging revealed meningeal enhancement (70%) and hydrocephalus (46.7%). Key factors influencing outcomes included BCG vaccination reducing mortality and advanced TBM stages, seizures, and hydrocephalus increasing mortality risks. Conclusion: our study highlights critical clinical, radiological, and socioeconomic insights into pediatric TBM. Key findings include the prominence of neurological symptoms, the crucial role of MRI in diagnosis, and the influence of socioeconomic status on disease burden. These insights emphasize the need for early diagnosis, vigilant monitoring, and targeted management to improve outcomes and reduce neurological complications.
UREMIC LEONTIASIS OSSEA AN UNCOMMON MANIFESTATION IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE SECONDARY TO HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Thiruvalla, IND., Shaju Tharun , K. Joseph Arun ,   Department of Radiology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Thiruvalla, IND., S. Mangalanandan ,   Department of Radiology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Thiruvalla, IND., Benjamin Geena ,   Department of Radiology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Thiruvalla, IND.
Published: August 2024

Skeletal changes, which are commonly associated with renal osteodystrophy is a frequent outcome for individuals suffering from chronic renal failure. A rare and severe form of renal osteodystrophy known as uremic leontiasis ossea is characterized by the excess growth of the calvarial and facial bones. Evaluation with computed tomography is helpful for the recognition and treatment planning of this uncommon manifestation. We report a case of uremic leontiasis ossea in a 39 year old male who presented with swelling in front of maxilla since one month and history of tooth brush trauma with pus discharge from the upper alveolar region. The diagnosis was established by the clinical history and characteristic radiological imaging features.
FACTORS ASSOCIATION WITH THYROID CANCER AMONG ADULT IN AL AHSA, SAUDI ARABIA:A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors:   Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia., Abdulkareem Al Subaie Abdullah , Ali Alsharidah Zakaria ,   Community Wellness Department - Alahsa Health Cluster., Jassem Alsalman Abdulkhaliq ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia., Nasser Al Jasim Majdi ,   Consultant Family Medicine, SBFM, ABFM, AlAhsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.
Published: August 2024

Background: Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing globally, with Saudi Arabia experiencing particularly high rates. This study aimed to identify factors associated with thyroid cancer among adults in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A case-control study was conducted involving 108 thyroid cancer cases and 108 matched controls. Participants completed a comprehensive questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle factors, and dietary habits. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for thyroid cancer. Results: Significant differences were observed between cases and controls in marital status, education level, employment status, and income (all p<0.05). Cases had higher rates of hypertension (31.5% vs 7.4%, p<0.001) and elevated cholesterol (19.4% vs 8.3%, p=0.018). Family history of thyroid disease (66.7% vs 13.0%, p<0.001) and thyroid cancer (22.2% vs 4.6%, p<0.001) were strongly associated with thyroid cancer. Dietary factors, including exclusive use of iodized salt (50.9% vs 36.1%, p=0.028) and higher sugar consumption (p=0.024), were more prevalent among cases. Multivariate analysis revealed that male gender (OR: 0.045, p=0.007) and breastfeeding (OR: 0.433, p=0.041) were protective factors, while increasing age was associated with higher risk (OR: 1.045, p=0.016). Conclusion: This study identified several demographic, medical, and dietary factors associated with thyroid cancer risk in Al Ahsa. These findings have important implications for public health strategies and clinical practice in the region, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and further research into modifiable risk factors.
On Oresme Numbers and Their Geometric Interpretations
Authors: Halıcı Serpil , Sayın Elifcan
Published: August 2024

In this study, we examined the Oresme sequences defined by Nicole Oresme. We examined the geometric interpretation of Oresme sequences with rational coefficients which are defined by A.F. Horadam as with initial conditions and . We defined the the vector of the Oresme sequence. We calculated the area and volume. We gave the general solution for four squares equation involving Oresme vectors. We calculated the Heron Formula of Oresme sequences. We defined the angle value between these sequences. We also obtained a relationship between the Oresme sequence and the generalized Fibonacci sequence in vector space. We calculated the area and volume of these sequence. We obtained important definitions and theorems for these sequences.
Karbon Nanotüp Takviyeli Al6061 Matrisli Kompozitlerin Aşınma ve Sürtünme Davranışının Araştırılması
Authors: Şenbaş Tülin , Şenel Mahmut Can
Published: August 2024

Yürütülen çalışma kapsamında, toz metalürjisi ve sıcak preslemeyle üretilen karbon nanotüp katkılı (ağırlıkça %0.1, 0.3, 0.5) Al6061 esaslı kompozitlerin aşınma ve sürtünme davranışı araştırılmıştır. Üretim süreci; tozların karıştırılması, filtreleme, kurutma, presleme, sinterleme ve sıcak presleme işlem adımlarından oluşmaktadır. Üretilen numunelerin aşınma ve sürtünme özellikleri pin-on disk aşınma test düzeneği yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Numunelerin aşınmış ve kırık yüzeyleri, taramalı elektron mikroskobuyla analiz edilmiştir. Yürütülen testler neticesinde en yüksek sertlik değeri (118 HV), minimum aşınma oranı (5.1×10-7 mm3/(Nm)) ve minimum kütle kaybı (0.0033 g) Al6061-%0.1karbon nanotüp kompozit yapıda elde edilmiştir. Al6061 alaşımına kıyasla Al6061-%0.1karbon nanotüp kompozitin sertliğinin %10.2 ve aşınma oranının %17.6 oranında iyileştiği tespit edilmiştir. Karbon nanotüp katkısının ağırlıkça %0.1 oranına kadar Al6061 matrisli kompozitin tribolojik özelliklerini iyileştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Ağırlıkça %0.1’in üzerindeki katkı oranlarında ise karbon nanotüpün kümelenmesi sebebiyle kompozitin sertliği ve aşınma oranı düşmüştür.
Determination of Antioxidant Capacities of Extracts of Sorbus subfusca (ledeb. ex. nordm.) boiss
Authors: Kocabaş Selahattin , Topal Fevzi
Published: August 2024

Sorbus subfusca (ledeb. ex. nordm.) boiss. (Sorbus subfusca) belongs to the Rosacese family. It is commonly referred to as highland rowan. It is an endemic species found only in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey and in a few countries on the Asian Continent. Both water (WESS) and ethyl alcohol (EESS) lyophilized forms were used as extracts. Different reducing capacity methods and radical scavenging activity methods were used to study the antioxidant activities of the extracts. Total phenolic compounds were calculated as 43.5 (WESS) and 43.0 (EESS) μg GAE/mg extract. This value is an indication that it can take place in plants with high phenolic content. Peroxidation inhibition percentages of linoleic acid emulsion at 20 μg mL-1 concentration for WESS and EESS; WESS was calculated as 70.93% and EESS as 82.63%. The high antioxidant capacity of Sorbus subfusca, an endemic species, brings up the preference of natural products as antioxidants. It is thought that these studies will draw a new path to the literature, especially alternative medicine and pharmacological studies.
Melanoma Cancer Evaluation with ADME and Molecular Docking Analysis, DFT Calculations of (E)-methyl 3-(1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2,3-dioxoindolin-5-yl)-acrylate Molecule
Authors: Gören Kenan , Bağlan Mehmet , Yıldıko Ümit
Published: August 2024

In this study, we performed HOMO-LUMO energy calculations, molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEPS), optimized molecular geometry using B3LYP, B3PW91 methods and 6-311G(d,p) basis set of the target molecule (E)-methyl 3-(1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2,3-dioxoindolin-5-yl) acrylate (MMDA) that is an isatin derivative, nonlinear optics (NLO), NBO analysis to investigate the stability of the molecule as a function of both hyper-conjugative interactions, charge transfer within the molecule and charge delocalization, and Mulliken atomic charge structure were examined using the Gaussian 09 software, and the results were displayed. In this study, ADME analysis was performed to analyze the problem of our molecule finding application in the field, focusing on producing effective and harmless pharmacological drugs. Finally, molecular docking analysis of the examined compound on melanoma cancer were performed with two different enzymes (PDB:3OG7) and (PDB:5EG3), and docking scores and receptor models were given.
Enerji Denge Modeli Bağlamında Küresel Isınma ve İklim Değişikliği Sorunlarının İncelenmesi: Dünya Enerji Bütçesi ve Radyatif Zorlama Kavramları
Authors: Baran Burhan , Keleş Cemal , Alagöz Barış Baykant
Published: August 2024

İklim modelleri, küresel ısınma ve iklim değişimi konularında elde edilen verilerin analizi ile iklim değişimlerinin yakın zamanlı gelişimi konusunda tahminlere olanak tanır. Bu çalışmada, küresel ısınma ve iklim değişimi konularında kullanılan enerji denge modelinin temelleri ve bu model yardımı ile yapılabilen analizler incelenmektedir. Bu basitleştirilmiş enerji denge modeli, güneşten dünyaya gelen ışıma enerjisinin dünyadan uzaya giden ışınım enerjisi ile dengelenmesi durumunu inceler. Bu bağlamda, küresel ısınmaya etki eden faktörlerin, denge durumu üzerinde etkisi olan birer radyatif (ışınımsal) zorlama olarak incelenmesine imkân sağlar. Böylece çok karmaşık ve dinamik olarak değişen meteorolojik ve jeolojik etmenlere bağlı olan iklim değişiminin, enerji bütçesi temelinde basitleştirilmiş analizlerini mümkün kılar. Bu çalışmada, Stefan-Boltzmann ve Wien Yer Değiştirme gibi temel ışınım kanunları çerçevesinde, güneşten gelen ışıma enerjisinin dünya tarafından emilim ve yansıma oranları dünya atmosferinden uzaya enerji çıkışını sağlayan ve elektromanyetik spektrumun uzun dalga boyunda yer alan atmosferik pencere kavramları incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede, insan aktiviteleri ile değişebilme potansiyeli olan Albedo (yansıtabilirlik) radyatif zorlaması ve atmosferdeki CO2 molekülü birikimine bağlı radyatif zorlama etkileri açıklanmıştır. Sunulan temel kavramlar ve modellerin kolay anlaşılabilir olması için açıklayıcı örnekler ve verilere bağlı hesaplama ve analizler sunulmuştur. Bu makalenin küresel ısınma ve iklim değişimi konularında bazı temel kavramların açıklandığı eğitsel bir kaynak niteliği taşıması amaçlanmıştır.
Chemical and Combustion Characteristics of Hydrochars Obtained from Various Biomasses by Hydrothermal Carbonization
Authors: Yumak Tuğrul , Sınağ Ali
Published: August 2024

In this work, various waste biomasses were subjected to hydrothermal carbonization under mild conditions. The effect of operating temperature, duration time, and biomass-to-water ratio on the chemical and combustion characteristics of the hydrochars were determined. The results were compared to MKP Alpagut lignite to understand the future of hydrochars as an effective and environmentally friendly solid fuel. It was found that the temperature dominantly affects the yield and the chemical characteristics of the hydrochars compared to the duration time and biomass-to-water ratio for real biomasses. Hydrochars obtained from real biomasses showed higher combustion temperatures and slightly higher ignition temperatures. Moreover, the HHV of hydrochar is significantly higher than the MKP lignite and raw biomass. Our results prove that the hydrothermal carbonization process can be assessed as one of the best techniques for the thermochemical conversion of waste biomass into high-value-added valuable solid fuels.
Effect of Phosphorus and Molybdenum Applications on Macro and Micro Nutrient Content of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Straw and Grain
Authors: Erman Murat , Çığ Fatih , Sönmez Ferit , Ceritoğlu Mustafa
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of phosphorus and molybdenum treatment on macro and micronutrient biofortification in bean. The study sheds light on the individual and interactive effects of phosphorus and molybdenum on macro and micronutrient uptake and biofortification in Phaseolus vulgaris. Three levels of phosphorus and molybdenum were used in the experiment laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. Phosphorus and molybdenum treatment promoted nitrogen accumulation in both straw and seed. Nitrogen content increased with rising phosphorus doses in straw and seed over control by 42.3% and 7.4%, respectively. Moreover, phosphorus addition increased straw manganese content while molybdenum enhanced straw manganese. In addition, 4 g Mo kg-1/seed treatment boosted seed magnesium concentration over control by 28.2%, however, no phosphorus, potassium, copper, iron, and zinc in the plant materials, likely due to the sufficient levels of these nutrients in the soil composition of the experimental area. According to results, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, zinc varied in straw and seed between 3.15-7.05% and 17.5-19.2%, 586-990 ppm and 1049-1355 ppm, 695-2690 ppm and 1021-1727 ppm, 5839-11162 ppm and 559-1303 ppm, 690-1474 ppm and 348-1036 ppm, 25.3-38.3 ppm and 8.29-9.29 ppm, 8.6-16.9 ppm and 11.3-19.9 ppm, 469-927 ppm and 70.2-80.3 ppm, 6.5-10.8 ppm and 17.9-23.3 ppm, respectively. Consequently, it has been determined that molybdenum supplementation is necessary along with phosphorus fertilization in areas where beans are grown, especially in acidic soils.
Classification of Gastrointestinal Diseases in Endoscopic Images: Comparative Analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks and Vision Transformers
Authors: Ayan Enes
Published: August 2024

Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are a major issue in the human digestive system. Therefore, many studies have explored the automatic classification of GI diseases to reduce the burden on clinicians and improve patient outcomes for both diagnosis and treatment purposes. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs) in deep learning approaches have become a popular research area for the automatic detection of diseases from medical images. This study evaluated the classification performance of thirteen different CNN models and two different ViT architectures on endoscopic images. The impact of transfer learning parameters on classification performance was also observed. The tests revealed that the classification accuracies of the ViT models were 91.25% and 90.50%, respectively. In contrast, the DenseNet201 architecture, with optimized transfer learning parameters, achieved an accuracy of 93.13%, recall of 93.17%, precision of 93.13%, and an F1 score of 93.11%, making it the most successful model among all the others. Considering the results, it is evident that a well-optimized CNN model achieved better classification performance than the ViT models.
Yapay Sinir Ağı Kullanılarak Petrol Sektöründe Yaşanan İş Kazalarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Künteş Önder , Bezek Güre Özlem
Published: August 2024

Türkiye’de her yıl birçok sektörde iş kazası yaşanmaktadır. Petrol sektöründe meydana gelen iş kazalarının değerlendirilmesini amaçlayan bu çalışmada yapay sinir ağları kullanılarak kaza tahminlemesi yapılmıştır. Petrol sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir şirkette 2020-2023 yıllarında meydana gelmiş olan 2210 adet iş kazası verileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada; aylık kaza verileri ile yapay sinir ağı modellemesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada ileri beslemeli ağlardan olan Çok Katmanlı Algılayıcı yapay sinir ağları (ÇKAYSA) ile Radyal Tabanlı Fonksiyon yapay sinir ağları (RTFYSA) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada verilerin %70’i eğitim verisi diğerleri ise test verisi olarak kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda; ÇKAYSA yönteminde %84.1 doğru sınıflama oranı, RTFYSA yöntemi ile %86.4 doğru sınıflama oranı elde edilmiştir. RTFYSA yönteminin ÇKAYSA yöntemine göre daha başarılı performans gösterdiği söylenebilir. Yöntemlerin iş kazalarının tahmini amacıyla kullanılması önerilmektedir
Determination of the Polyphenolic Contents in Some Cereals and Legume Microgreens by Dualex Measurements
Authors: Altuner Fevzi , Tunçtürk Rüveyde , Oral Erol , Tunçtürk Murat
Published: August 2024

This research aims to measure the nitrogen balance index (NBI) used in the evaluation of nitrogen (N) and chlorophyll (CHL), anthocyanin (ANTS), and flavonol (FLAV) contents of some cereal and legume microgreens. The experiment was established in the Fully Controlled Climate Room of Van Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Field Crops in October-November 2020. The plant materials used in the research were Bezostaja-1, Dogu-88, Palandoken and Ayyildiz wheat, Tarm-92, Cetin-2000, Larende and Kral-97 barley, Haskara, Dirilis, Kirklar, Kahraman and Faikbey oats, Arifiye maize, Uzbek and Sazak lentils. Arda chickpea, Goynuk bean, Mung bean, black chickpea, Amazon cowpea, Lutfibey sainfoin, Bilensoy-80 alfalfa, and Dadas red clover including 14 cereal and 10 legume varieties. The seeds planted in the planting medium consisting of the mixture prepared in plastic chalets with a olüme of 500 cc were taken to a fully controlled climate room and microgreens were obtained by applying 50-60% humidity, 21 ± 2/17 ± 2 °C and 16/8 light/dark period, and microgreens were obtained in cereals and legumes. Polyphenolic measurements were taken when the microgreens were 7-9 days old and when sprouts of the forage legumes group were 20-21 days old. Measurements were performed in triplicate with the Dualex+ 4 Scientific (FORCE-A, Orsay, France) device. Statistical analysis of the measurements was carried out according to the Randomized Parcels Trial Design. According to the measurement results, the highest contents based on varieties were determined in Lutfibey sainfoin for NBI (106.533±10.68 mg/g), for CHL in Arda chickpea (41.3 ±2.63 µg/cm²), for ANTS in Dadas red clover (0.08 ±0.01 dualex index) and FLAV in Amazon cowpea (0.746 ±0.03 dualex index). According to group-based averages, the highest values were determined for NBI in forage legumes (86.844 mg/g), for CHL in barley (31.14 µg/cm²) and oats, edible cereal legumes and forage legumes in the same group, for ANTS in forage legumes (0.053 dualex index) and wheat and oats in the same group, for FLAV in edible cereal legumes (0.56 dualex index) and oat in the same group. The study concluded that cereal and legume microgreens have polyphenolic-rich contents. Similar research to be carried out under controlled and field conditions would be useful in evaluating bioactive ingredients and N.
Groundwater geochemical modeling under severe climate conditions for sustainable agricultural development, the case of Chougafiya Basin, central Tunisia
Authors: Akrout Nourhene , Hajji Soumaya , Karoui Sedki , Choura Sirine , Hachicha Wafik , M. Aljuaid Awad , Chamkha Mohamed , Bouri Salem
Published: August 2024

Monitoring groundwater quality (GWQ) is vital for water sustainability, mainly in arid to semi-arid regions with intense agriculture and inadequate irrigation management systems. It was, closely, linked to groundwater hydrochemistry (GWH). The present work aims to identify factors controlling this in the Chougafiya shallow aquifer (Central Tunisia), which is known for groundwater hypersalinization and intensive agricultural activities under severe climate conditions. Based on 30 inventoried wells data, the proposed approach combines (i) exploratory factor analysis and (ii) confirmatory factor analysis as a structural equation model (SEM) to detect the most relevant factors involved in GWH and their spatial variability. It has been demonstrated that GWH was governed by Na–Cl and Ca-SO4 type, resulting from evaporated minerals. The results showed a total explained variance of 86% and allowed the identification of two main factors that control groundwater salinization: (1) the natural factor, mainly, attributed to the water–rock interactions and (2) the anthropogenic factor, mainly related to anarchic farming practices. As a confirmatory analysis, the development of SEM led to the identification of the most important factors that control water mineralization. These results could be helpful for the strategic plans for water resources management in the studied area.
Sustainability framework for water infrastructure development in Nigeria: a modelling approach
Authors: Adeoti Oluwagbemi Samuel , Kandasamy Jaya , Vigneswaran Saravanamuthu
Published: August 2024

This study introduces the Predictive Iterative Sustainability Model (PISM), a tailored framework designed to enhance water infrastructure sustainability evaluations in Nigeria. PISM addresses the lack of localised, adaptable frameworks by integrating three key components: a Viability Rating (VR), a Sustainability Rating (SR), and a conceptual formula within a predictive iterative process. This integrated approach optimises project evaluation and planning. Empirical data were derived by evaluating responses to a survey with 70 Likert-scale questions covering 265 sustainability challenges. This data was used to assess community viability for sustainable water infrastructure in five Nigerian communities facing significant water poverty. The results reveal VR scores ranging from 63.95 to 67.91%, establishing a benchmark for viability. SR scores, on the other hand, vary substantially from 179 to 424%, illustrating the model's capacity to evaluate sustainability under diverse conditions and identify critical, high-impact projects that can mitigate infrastructure failure risks. As a dynamic and adaptable framework, PISM holds significant potential to improve water infrastructure sustainability in Nigeria and similar regions globally.
Erken Doğum Sonrası Dönemdeki Kadınların Bilişsel Esneklik ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Durumlarının Annelik Rolü Üzerine Etkisi: Kesitsel Web Tabanlı Bir Çalışma
Authors: Bay Özçalık Habibe , Kılıç Süreyya , Dereli Yılmaz Sema
Published: August 2024

Amaç: Annelik rolü, kadının annelik davranışlarını öğrendiği ve bu davranışları yerine getirdiği dinamik ve gelişimsel bir süreçtir. Yeni rol ve sorumlulukların ortaya çıktığı bu dönemde, annelerin yaşam adaptasyonlarına fayda sağlayabilecek duyusal ve bilişsel fonksiyonların değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, erken doğum sonrası dönemdeki kadınların bilişsel esneklik ve bilişsel duygu düzenleme durumlarının annelik rolü üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel web tasarımdaki bu çalışma, 01 Mart-30 Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Anketler “surveyy.com” web sitesi kullanılarak oluşturulmuş ve sosyal medya platformlarında paylaşılmıştır. Araştırma erken postpartum dönemdeki 482 anne ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verileri Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Anlamsal Farklılık Ölçeği-Anne Olarak Ben, Bilişsel Esneklik Envanteri ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Anketi Kısa Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veri analizinde t testi, Anova, Lineer Regresyon ve Tukey testleri kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Doğum sonrası dönemdeki annelerin annelik rolü, bilişsel esneklik ve bilişsel duygu düzenleme ölçek toplam puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 57.91±10.27, 73.26±10.73 ve 51.00±10.41 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Annelerin sosyodemografik ve obstetrik özellikleri annelik rolü toplam puanını etkilememektedir. Bilişsel esneklik düzeyinin annelik rolü toplam puanı üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisi varken (p<0.001) (R2=0.110); bilişsel duygu düzenleme stratejilerinden ruminasyon ve diğerlerini suçlama puanının annelik rolü toplam puanı üzerinde negatif ve anlamlı bir etkisi vardır (p<0.001) (R2=0.083).
Sonuç: Bu araştırmanın sonuçları, bilişsel esneklik düzeyi ve bilişsel duygu düzenleme stratejilerinin annelik rolü üzerinde etkili bir faktör olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmamızda, annelik rolü ve bilişsel esneklik puanının iyi, duygu düzenleme stratejilerinin ortalama düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Doğum sonrası dönemde maternal bilişsel algılar dikkate alınarak anneye yaklaşım sağlanmalıdır. Doğum yapanların zihinsel durumu ile yeni rollerin anne üzerinde oluşturduğu stresin iyi anlaşılması, her kadın için daha kişiselleştirilmiş tedaviyi mümkün kılabileceği gibi bu sürece uyum sağlamayı da kolaylaştıracağı düşünülmektedir.
Health Care Worker Usage of Large-Scale Health Information Exchanges in Japan: User-Level Audit Log Analysis Study
Authors: Suzumoto Jun , Mori Yukiko , Kuroda Tomohiro
Published: August 2024

Background

Over 200 health information exchanges (HIEs) are currently operational in Japan. The most common feature of HIEs is remote on-demand viewing or searching of aggregated patient health data from multiple institutions. However, the usage of this feature by individual users and institutions remains unknown.

Objective

This study aims to understand usage of the on-demand patient data viewing feature of large-scale HIEs by individual health care workers and institutions in Japan.

Methods

We conducted audit log analyses of large-scale HIEs. The research subjects were HIEs connected to over 100 institutions and with over 10,000 patients. Each health care worker’s profile and audit log data for HIEs were collected. We conducted four types of analyses on the extracted audit log. First, we calculated the ratio of the number of days of active HIE use for each hospital-affiliated doctor account. Second, we calculated cumulative monthly usage days of HIEs by each institution in financial year (FY) 2021/22. Third, we calculated each facility type’s monthly active institution ratio in FY2021/22. Fourth, we compared the monthly active institution ratio by medical institution for each HIE and the proportion of cumulative usage days by user type for each HIE.

Results

We identified 24 HIEs as candidates for data collection and we analyzed data from 7 HIEs. Among hospital doctors, 93.5% (7326/7833) had never used HIEs during the available period in FY2021/22, while 19 doctors used them at least 30% of days. The median (IQR) monthly active institution ratios were 0.482 (0.470‐0.487) for hospitals, 0.243 (0.230‐0.247) for medical clinics, and 0.030 (0.024‐0.048) for dental clinics. In 51.9% (1781/3434) of hospitals, the cumulative monthly usage days of HIEs was 0, while in 26.8% (921/3434) of hospitals, it was between 1 and 10, and in 3% (103/3434) of hospitals, it was 100 or more. The median (IQR) monthly active institution ratio in medical institutions was 0.511 (0.487‐0.529) for the most used HIE and 0.109 (0.0927‐0.117) for the least used. The proportion of cumulative usage days of HIE by user type was complex for each HIE, and no consistent trends could be discerned.

Conclusions

In the large-scale HIEs surveyed in this study, the overall usage of the on-demand patient data viewing feature was low, consistent with past official reports. User-level analyses of audit logs revealed large disparities in the number of days of HIE use among health care workers and institutions. There were also large disparities in HIE use by facility type or HIE; the percentage of cumulative HIE usage days by user type also differed by HIE. This study indicates the need for further research into why there are large disparities in demand for HIEs in Japan as well as the need to design comprehensive audit logs that can be matched with other official datasets.
Effect of Row Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties in Cau Ngang, Tra Vinh, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc Trong , Le Khang Minh , Nguyen Loan Hong Thi , Nguyen Lang Thi
Published: August 2024

Field experiments were conducted at the research field of the Cau Ngang, Tra Vinh from May to October to determine the influence of row spacing on growth and yield of peanut under wet and dry season (2023). The experimental design was a 6×5 factorial was a split-split plot experiment laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates. The factors studied included: Variety [(A1) MD7; (A2) HATRI 03 ĐP; (A3) HATRI 02 ĐP; (A4) HATRI 14 ĐP; (A5)VD08; (A6) VD01-01]; (M) Row spacing [(M1) 20×20 cm, (M2) 15x20 cm, (M3) 15×15 cm, (M4) 10x20 cm, (M5) fellow farmers 10x10 cm] The result showed that Peanut varieties HATRI 03 DP, HATRI 02 DP, HATRI 14 DP, VD08, VD01-01 have weight the seed 100, number of branches/plant, and significantly higher yield than MD7 varieties. The planting spacing of 15 cm x 20 cm for leaf , plant height, number of plant harvested and yield is higher than the spacing of 20 x 20 and 15 x 15 cm in the wet and dry season in 2023. Spacing of 20 x 20 cm and 15 x 15 cm for the highest yield.