bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of artificial intelligence in diagnostic cystoscopy of bladder cancer
Authors: Sadulaeva T. A. , Edilgireeva L. A. , Bimurzaeva M. B. , Morozov A. O.
Published: August 2023

Background. At the current stage of science and technology development, artificial intelligence (AI) is being actively developed and gradually introduced into the healthcare system.Aim. To perform a literature review to assess the diagnostic value of AI in the detection of bladder cancer at the cystoscopy stage.Materials and methods. We carried out a bibliographic search of articles in Medline and Embase databases using the keywords “artificial intelligence”, “cystoscopy”, “TURBT”.Results. Automated image processing based on AI can improve the accuracy of cancer diagnosis during cystoscopy. According to the studies presented in the review, the sensitivity of AI system for the detection of bladder cancer via cystoscopy can reach 89.7–95.4 %, while its specificity is 87.8–98.6 %, which exceeds the diagnostic capabilities of standard cystoscopy in white light, the sensitivity and specificity of which, according to recent investigations, are approximately 60 and 70 %, respectively. Despite the promising results of these studies, modern science is currently at the stage of developing and evaluating the performance of various AI methods used to analyze cystoscopy images. To date, it would be premature to introduce and widely use these technologies in healthcare, since there are no prospective clinical studies to assess the effectiveness of AI systems in diagnostic cystoscopy and transurethral resection of bladder cancer.Conclusion. Few studies show that AI-based cystoscopy is a promising approach to improvement of the quality of medical care for bladder cancer. Further research is needed to improve the diagnostic capabilities of AI and introduce the obtained technological data into clinical practice.
Tissue expression of LC3B autophagy marker as a potential biomarker of prostate cancer recurrence after treatment with high-intensity focused ultrasound (pilot study)
Authors: Voronina E. S. , Fomkin R. N. , Bucharskaya A. B. , Palatova T. V. , Maslyakova G. N. , Fomkina O. A.
Published: August 2023

Background. The role of autophagy markers in prostate tumor recurrence has not been sufficiently investigated. We hypothesized that autophagy activation may be one mechanism by which prostate cancer cells survive exposure to high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).Aim. To compare tissue expression of autophagic LC3B marker in prostate biopsies before and after treatment of localized prostate cancer by HIFU ablation.Materials and methods. 45 patients with localized morphologically confirmed prostate cancer were examined: group 1 – 25 patients of 65.6 ± 8.4 years without signs of recurrence or progression of the disease; group 2 – 20 patients of 67.5 ± 7.9 years with tumor recurrence proven during morphological examination. Immunohistochemical examination was performed by streptavidin-biotin method. In all cases, Anti-LC3B antibody ab48394 was used. The reaction results were quantified using the Histochemical score (Hs) system.Results. Prior to treatment, all patients of group 1 showed moderate cytoplasmic expression (Hs = 111 [111; 115]) of antibodies against LC3B in prostate adenocarcinoma cells, 5 % of patients – weak cytoplasmic expression in muscle connective stromal cells (Hs = 47 [43; 50]), 10 % of patients – weak positive LC3B reaction in the vessel wall (Hs = 28 [20; 35]). After treatment, the expression of LC3B in adenocarcinoma cells became negative, in the cytoplasm of muscle connective stromal cells weak (Hs = 75 [67.5; 80.0]), in the endothelium of the vascular wall even weaker (Hs = 55 [45.5; 60.0]) (p <0.001). Prior to treatment in group 2, LC3B expression in tumor tissue was moderate in 89 % of patients (Hs = 151.5 [137.5; 160.0]), weak in muscle connective stromal cells in 12 % of patients (Hs = 44 [35; 51.5]), and weak in the vascular wall in 5 % of patients (Hs = 30 [25; 35]). After treatment, LC3B expression in adenocarcinoma cells became pronounced (Hs = 260 [250; 285]), in muscle connective stromal cells – moderate (Hs = 118 [100; 130]), in the vascular wall – weak (Hs = 45 [30; 55]) (p <0.001). There was a significant correlation between tumor recurrence and LC3B overexpression (r = 0.51; p <0.001).Conclusion. The development of prostate cancer recurrence is associated with increased expression of autophagic LC3B protein. Increased LC3B expression, which is interpreted as evidence of autophagy activation and correlates with the risk of disease progression, is used by the tumor as an oncogenic advantage.
Comparison of salvage high dose-rate brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy for treatment of prostate cancer local recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Pavlov A. Yu. , Dzidzaria A. G. , Tsibulskiy A. D. , Mirzakhanov R. I.
Published: August 2023

Aim. To compare clinical efficacy of salvage high dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBR) in treatment of local recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP).Materials and methods. Between January 2017 and December 2020, 60 patients with local recurrence of prostate cancer after RP were treated at the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenology and Radiology. Two groups were identified: group 1 included 30 patients who underwent salvage external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) according to the classical fractionation regimen; in group 2, within the framework of the scientific protocol, 30 patients underwent 2 fractions of salvage HDR-BT with single boost dose of 15 Gy for total boost dose of 30 Gy. All patients in group 2 underwent pelvic multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography with prostatespecific membrane antigen ligands. In the 2nd group, transrectal biopsy of the prostate bed was also performed. Overall and biochemical recurrence-free survival, as well as the profile of early and late radiation complications, were analyzed.Results. Mean age of the patients at the time of salvage radiation therapy was 67.5 years (95 % confidence interval 66.1–69). Median time before development of biochemical relapse after RP was 24 months (interquartile range 13–46 months). Median follow-up period for all patients was 45 months (interquartile range 36–63 months). There were no dropouts in this study. The overall survival rate was 100 % in both groups. Comparative analysis of prostate specific antigen (PSA)-specific recurrence-free survival showed a clear trend toward an increase in the brachytherapy group; however, with the number of observations, statistically significant differences could not be achieved (p = 0.075). Salvage EBRT is more toxic than salvage HDR-BT. Comparative assessment of radiation adverse effects revealed higher frequency of early genitourinary toxicity of grade I and intestinal toxicity of grades I and II in the salvage EBRT group than in the salvage brachytherapy group, as well as late gastrointestinal toxicity of grade I and II.Conclusion. Salvage HDR-BT with 15 Gy × 2 fractions with total boost dose of up to 30 Gy was proved to be a promising treatment for local recurrence of prostate cancer after RP with an acceptable toxicity profile. There was also a trend towards increased PSA-specific recurrence-free survival in the salvage brachytherapy group compared with the salvage EBRT group.
Food safety of bivalves from the South Vietnam: organochlorine compounds and heavy metals as risk factors for human health
Authors: Donets Maxim M. , Tsygankov Vasily Yu. , Kulshova Veronika I. , Elkhoury Joseph , Boyarova Margarita D. , Gumovsky Alexander N. , Gumovskaya Yulia P. , Bogatov Victor V. , Prozorova Larisa A. , Chernova Elena N. , Lysenko Eugenia V. , Ngo Хuan Quang
Published: August 2023

The aim of the work is to study the accumulation of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and heavy metals in the soft tissues of commercial bivalves from continental reservoirs of the south Vietnam and to assess health risks for population.
Materials and methods. Four genera of bivalves from the Mekong Delta Corbicula sp., Geloina sp., Ensidens sp., Scabies sp. were studied. Organic pollutants were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, heavy metals by atomic absorption in flame and flameless atomizers. Health risks were assessed by determining the hazard quotient (HQ) and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR).
Results. To minimize the risk of poisoning when consuming Corbicula sp., Geloina sp., Ensidens sp. and Scabies sp. maximum consumption levels should be 83, 15, 1 and 6 pcs/day, respectively. The risk of developing cancer can be increased with the consumption of Corbicula sp. Ensidens sp. and Geloina sp. in an amount of 212 pcs/day.
Conclusion. The maximum consumption levels of four bivalves genera were determined, at which there is no health risks for the population of South Vietnam. All risks are associated with -HCH, PCBs, Mn and Fe. Safety assessment of local food (in particular, not traditional for tourists) is an urgent task to ensure the safety of life and health of Russian citizens abroad.
Physics-Based Modeling to Understand and to Propose Forecasting Methods of Induced Seismicity
Authors: Boyet Auregan , De Simone Silvia , Vilarrasa Víctor
Published: August 2023

Induced seismicity compromises the widespread deployment of geoenergy applications that contribute to mitigate climate change. In particular, the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) has been hindered by the risk of induced seismicity, mostly caused by hydraulic stimulation aimed at enhancing the permeability of deep hot crystalline rocks. Injection-induced seismicity has been traditionally attributed to fluid pressure buildup, which destabilizes fractures and faults. However, the largest seismic events commonly occur after the stop of injection, when pore pressure drops and both the magnitude and frequency of induced seismicity is expected to decrease. This counterintuitive phenomenon is not well understood. Yet, understanding the triggering mechanisms is the key to reliably forecast and manage induced seismicity. Here, we investigate the triggering mechanisms of co- and post-injection seismicity using coupled hydromechanical models, considering both a homogeneous and a fault-crossed domain, based on the case of Basel EGS (Switzerland). We find that the combination of pressure diffusion, poroelastic stressing, and static stress transfer explains the occurrence of induced seismicity, especially after the stop of injection, significantly better than the pore pressure alone. Considering a fault zone, which is more permeable and deformable than the surrounding rock, amplifies pressure diffusion along the fault and causes anisotropic variations of the stress field that lead to an increase in the seismicity rate that is orders of magnitude larger than for the homogeneous domain. These results point out that identifying the main geological structures through subsurface characterization is key to improve physics-based induced seismicity forecasting.
Etnomodelagem e a cultura das rezadeiras: o uso dos chás como alternativa para o ensino de matemática
Authors: Santos Jailda da Silva dos , Madruga Zulma Elizabete de Freitas
Published: August 2023

Nesta pesquisa objetiva-se analisar como os chás indicados pelas rezadeiras podem contribuir para o ensino de Matemática, sob a ótica da Etnomodelagem. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, em particular um estudo de caso. Como principal método de produção de dados, foi utilizada a entrevista por meio de narrativas. A análise dos dados foi inspirada na Análise de Conteúdo. Como resultado, percebeu-se que a partir das práticas das rezas é possível estabelecer conexões entre o saber cultural e o acadêmico, podendo surgir propostas pedagógicas que busquem aproximar os estudantes da sua realidade, tornando-os seres mais ativos e reflexivos, potencializando o ensino de Matemática. Ademais, destaca-se a importância que as pesquisas em Etnomodelagem têm ao valorizar os mais distintos grupos, os quais possuem saberes e fazeres inerentes às suas culturas, permitindo aos estudantes que compreendam o sentido e contribuições que a Matemática tem nas suas ações e práticas cotidianas.
Experiências de estágio supervisionado em gestão educacional em escola de educação integral no município de Serra (ES)
Authors: Copatti Carina , Gonçalves Reis Estér Marlene , Ferreira Geldiane Lima , Santos Lima De Oliveira Juliana Lirio
Published: August 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma síntese de ações desenvolvidas em uma escola estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio localizada no município da Serra/ES, como parte da disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado em Gestão escolar, onde o grupo de acadêmicas desenvolveu sua experiência formativa em interação com a equipe gestora da referida instituição escolar. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre as atividades que permeiam a gestão escolar com o intuito de analisar teoria e prática em interação, compondo uma práxis. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que se constitui pela interação com autores que abordam temas como educação de qualidade, gestão democrática escolar e formação do pedagogo e a análise de uma experiência de estágio em instituição escolar, a qual foi possível por meio do registro em diário de pesquisa de atividades diversas, como o cotidiano escolar e as reflexões do diretor da escola, por meio de entrevista.
Educação especial e a influência do paradigma da inclusão nos sistemas educacionais brasileiro: um olhar para a formação docente
Authors: Cutrim Caio Henrique Gonçalves , Fernandes Ana Carolina Almeida , Silva Fábio Alves Leite da
Published: August 2023

O artigo "Educação especial e a influência do paradigma da inclusão nos sistemas educacionais brasileiro: um olhar para a formação docente” tem como objetivo analisar e debater em meio a sociedade heterogênea que nos encontramos, a necessidade da implementação do paradigma inclusivo da educação. A forma inclusiva com que a educação vem se mostrando pretende ser mais coerente com a diversidade que encontramos nas pessoas, inclusive com relação aos estudantes que são pessoas com deficiência (PCD). Essas mudanças passam por muitos níveis, incluindo as legislações e políticas públicas inclusivas, mostrando como elas influenciaram positivamente o número de matrículas dessa população no ciclo básico, as construções sociais sobre o papel da escola e do professor na inclusão efetiva do estudante, as práticas docentes, e a formação de professores, ressaltando ainda, como os degraus acadêmicos tendem a ser cada vez mais excludentes com os estudantes PCD, e como a sociedade ainda precisa se despir de preconceitos para encarar o paradigma inclusivo.
O panorama das Representações Sociais de professores sobre a Inclusão na educação
Authors: SAVAREZZI GUILHERME ROCHA , CAMPOS PEDRO HUMBERTO FARIA , GIMENEZ ROBERTO
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema ‘Representações Sociais de professores sobre a Inclusão na educação’, sendo assim, intenta responder sobre qual paradigma histórico estariam amparadas estas representações, se no Teológico, no Médico/Científico ou no da Complexidade. Neste sentido, optou-se pela busca de artigos nos bancos da CAPES, EBSCO e Scielo. Utilizaram-se como descritores os termos ‘Representações Sociais’, ‘Inclusão’ e ‘Educação’, retornando vinte e seis artigos que foram lidos por inteiro e posteriormente analisados. Como conclusão, verificou-se que as representações sobre a Inclusão estão voltadas aos modelos de Normalização e de Integração, sendo, portanto, relacionadas ao paradigma Médico/Científico.
Formação docente e aprendizagem criativa: O papel do professor no processo de aplicação da aprendizagem criativa na Educação
Authors: Câmara Igor , Mascarenhas Suely Aparecida Do Nascimento
Published: August 2023

: Este artigo tem como finalidade discorrer e apontar as possibilidades e pontecialidades da aprendizagem criativa no contexto educacional. A formação docente neste sentido, se torna um dos fatores essenciais para que o processo de abordagem criativa seja aplicado na seara de ensino. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a percepção e o conhecimento de professores e pesquisadores de diversas áreas do conhecimento acerca  da importância do papel do professor no processo de aplicação da abordagem da aprendizagem criativa na educação considerando as possibilidade e potencialidade, além dos diversos desafios que a educação nacional enfrenta. Este artigo conta com o apoio financeiro da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM), da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) e da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). A pesquisa é de natureza teórico-bibliográfica tendo como pressuposto a visão da metaepistemologia de contextos como metodologia utilizada. (MASCARENHAS, et al, 2019). Compreendemos que este manuscrito poderá colaborar para futuras pesquisas sobre a temática além de produzir, promover, sistematizar e consolidar o conhecimento sobre esse importante tema e sua necessária aplicação na educação.Palavras- chave: Aprendizagem criativa; formação docente; professor
O PNLD na fogueira do legislativo: o debate em torno da temática de gênero e diversidade sexual
Authors: Da Costa Fabiana Pinheiro , Scherer Regina Maria Duarte
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo apresenta uma análise de conteúdo das proposições de medidas legislativas no período de 2014 a 2021, com proibição aos livros didáticos distribuídos às escolas públicas por meio do Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático. Como fonte de pesquisa, foram consultados sites oficiais de governos municipais e estaduais, bem como os portais da Câmara de Deputados e do Senado Federal, nos quais constam os projetos de lei abordados no artigo. Também foram utilizadas, como fonte, reportagens veiculadas de forma eletrônica pela imprensa de grande circulação no Brasil. Foram mapeados os sujeitos proponentes, as conexões entre as proposições e ações de bancadas religiosas, assim como as implicações que a retirada dos termos gênero e diversidade sexual podem gerar. Entende-se que essas medidas de cerceamento, que tramitam em diferentes municípios e estados do Brasil, sob a prerrogativa de combater a “ideologia de gênero”, criam mecanismos de censura que impedem o debate democrático em sala de aula. Conclui-se, com este estudo, que a disputa pela narrativa do conceito de gênero é de cunho moral e está atrelada a necessidade de aprovação de mecanismos que corroborem a crença de determinados segmentos religiosos.
Alta modernidade e educação: os movimentos políticos nas torcidas de futebol como campo de resistência cultural e democrático
Authors: Sasso Andrea Geraldi , Bezerra Larissa , Tognato Maria Izabel Rodrigues , França Fabiane Freire
Published: August 2023

Este artigo objetiva realizar apontamentos teóricos sobre o período histórico da alta modernidade e a intersecção entre a educação não formal e as torcidas antifascistas de futebol como instituições sociais que possibilitam o trabalho formativo, de resistência cultural, política e democrática no Brasil. A construção da autoidentidade no contexto da alta modernidade junto ao campo educativo permite pensar a possibilidade de atuação de outros espaços formativos não formais, como os movimentos políticos nas torcidas futebol, por meio de projetos promovidos por torcidas (ou coletivos) antifascistas. Tais coletivos começaram a se multiplicar no Brasil principalmente a partir de 2014, com a realização da Copa do Mundo no país e a crescente elitização dos estádios, tentado democratizar o acesso aos estádios e clubes e também questionando preconceitos como o machismo, o racismo e a homofobia. Portanto, buscamos responder: como os movimentos políticos nas torcidas de futebol podem contribuir para a formação humana de sujeitos no contexto da alta modernidade? Para tanto, realizamos o levantamento bibliográfico com aporte teórico dos estudos da área de Educação, Sociologia e Comunicação Social e fizemos análises de postagens realizadas no Facebook de quatro coletivos antifascistas do estado de São Paulo, que estão entre os mais populares na rede social. Concluímos que os movimentos de torcedores(as) podem, por meio de atuação em espaços como redes sociais, ruas e estádios ser fonte de informação e educação, com potencial para ser parte importante da resistência às opressões cishetenormativas e à mercantilização do futebol e da vida no Brasil.
Роль преподавателя высшей школы в становлении личности обучающихся с ограниченными возможностями в условиях технического вуза
Authors: Пугачева Л.М. , Куцобина Н.В.
Published: August 2023

В данной статье рассматриваются проблемы инклюзивного образования студентов с РАС с учетом уровня информационной компетентности педагогов в области аутизма, специальной подготовки по освоению методов и технологий обучения и воспитания студентов с РАС с сохраненным интеллектом.
Мышечные факторы, определяющие силу спортсменов, занимающихся силовыми видами спорта
Authors: Рахматов А.И.
Published: August 2023

В данной статье рассматривается, состав мышц, где одним из важнейших факторов, определяющих силовые качества человека, является состав (композиция) мышц и мышечные волокна не являются самостоятельными элементами, а наряду с «-мотонейронами спинного мозга входят в состав двигательных единиц.
Особенности преподавания английского языка в условиях фгос нового поколения: проблемы и перспективы
Authors: Шебаршина Ю.Н.
Published: August 2023

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности преподавания и изучения английского языка на основе общего образования с учетом действия ФГОСа нового поколения. В статье обобщаются основные выводы из литературы, обозначаются проблемы и исследуются тенденции в различных областях преподавания английского языка, а также делается вывод о последствиях внедрение в образовательную систему ФГОСа нового поколения в рамках преподавания английского языка.
Integrasi Pendidikan Islam dan sains Perspektif Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi
Authors: Zaman Moh Kamilus , Fahruddin M. Mukhlis
Published: August 2023

The discourse on integration in Indonesia has long been echoed as stated in UUSPN Number 20 of 2003 article 30 which requires the implementation of religious education at all levels of education as a form of shared awareness to achieve a complete quality of life. In the implementation of education, it has two main missions, namely fostering intellectual power and fostering moral power. Synergizing science and Islam (Religion) is something that is very important, even a necessity, because ignoring religious values in the development of science and technology will give birth to tremendous negative impacts. normal. The negative impact of the tendency to ignore values (religious morality) can be seen empirically in corrupt behavior and other things that are done by humans on this earth by using the power of science and technology. This research is a library research (library research) where in this research the researcher uses descriptive analytical method. The descriptive method is used to describe Ismail Al Faruqi's views regarding the concept of Islamization taken from several of his related works. Meanwhile, the analytical method used by researchers is to analyze the extent to which the concept of Islamization is in an effort to integrate science and religion. The results of this discussion indicate that, (First: The Islamization of knowledge initiated by Al-faruqi is to Islamize modern science by means of rehabilitation, revolution, reconstruction (rearranging data) and adjustments to the parts that make it up. To apply the idea of the Islamization of knowledge, Al-Faruqi lays his epistemological foundation on the principle of monotheism which consists of five kinds of units, including: 1). Oneness (unity) of Allah SWT. 2). Unity of creation 3). The unity of truth and knowledge. 4). Unity life. 5). Human unity Second: Educational Integration at UIN Malang Perspective of Al-Faruqi UIN Malang as a pioneer in the establishment of ma'had or student dormitories Developed educational culture adapted to university culture. UIN Malang prefer the Imam Al-Ghazali approach which classifies knowledge into Fardlu 'ain and fardlu Kifayah with the "takwil" method taken from social sciences.
Tfh and Tfr Cells in Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: HEKİMOĞLU Gulam , YÜCEL Nurullah , ŞEKER Muzaffer
Published: August 2023

An immunological condition known as autoimmunity causes the excessive generation of autoantibodies against self-antigen and is characterized by enhanced T-cell activation and extra-stimulated B-cells. The development of lymphatic follicle germinal centers (GCs), the maturation of B cells, and differentiation into plasma cells are all significantly aided by follicular helper T cells (Tfh). Tfh cells express the transcriptional regulator B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL-6), C-X-C chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5), inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS), and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). The production of interleukin (IL)-21 and low expression of the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7 (CCR7) define Tfh cells. Additionally, Tfh cells are a diverse population of cells with the potential to co-express minute quantities of transcription factors, such as T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet), GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3), and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR-t). Tfh cells that also produce IL-21, IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ are referred to as Tfh1, Tfh2, and Tfh17 cells, respectively. The control of humoral immunity is carried out by follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells that express Forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3). Tfr cells can, however, decrease T-B cell interactions through the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) while promoting B cell maturation through IL-10. In the context of autoimmunity, the role of Tfh and Tfr cells is still not fully understood. We intend to present the most recent data on the characteristics and function of Tfh and Tfr cells under conditions of autoimmunity in this review.
Australian Swiftlet Aerodramus terraereginae colony stability between 2012 and 2021 and new behaviour patterns at Chillagoe and Finch Hatton, Queensland
Authors:   School of Science and Technology, Pacific Adventist University, Private Mail Bag Boroko, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea, Tarburton Michael ,   3 Freda Court, Blackburn South VIC 3130, Australia,   Chillagoe Caving Club Inc., P.O. Box 92, Cairns QLD 4870, Australia, Tarburton Shirley ,   3 Freda Court, Blackburn South VIC 3130, Australia,   Chillagoe Caving Club Inc., P.O. Box 92, Cairns QLD 4870, Australia, Emeny Max ,   Chillagoe Caving Club Inc., P.O. Box 92, Cairns QLD 4870, Australia,   P.O. Box 84, Silkwood QLD 4856, Australia, Jenkins Sue ,   Chillagoe Caving Club Inc., P.O. Box 92, Cairns QLD 4870, Australia,   P.O. Box 84, Silkwood QLD 4856, Australia
Published: August 2023

Surveys of Australian Swiftlets Aerodramus terraereginae at Chillagoe and Dooloomai Falls, Finch Hatton, Queensland, were conducted between 2012 and 2021, building on surveys conducted between 1972 and 2011. At Chillagoe, 57 colonies were located during the period 2012–2021: four colonies went extinct during this time, 19 declined, 24 increased and we located eight newly discovered colonies, resulting in a total of 8065 birds counted in 2021. The extinctions were probably caused by increased flooding, as were most of the declines, but the extermination of feral Cats Felis catus reduced Australian Swiftlet losses from predation. In 1 year (2017–2018), three pairs in one colony raised three fledglings, an event not previously recorded at Chillagoe. Most pairs raised only one or two fledglings per year. The two colonies at Dooloomai Falls were stable until 2021, when feral cat predation drastically reduced both colonies.
Connecting Cryptococcal Meningitis and Gut Microbiome
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Yang Liang , Jang Mengna , Zhao Xinyuan , Xue Peng
Published: August 2023

The pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is a major cause of fungal meningitis in humans. As with other melanotic microorganisms associated with human diseases, the cell wall-associated melanin of C. neoformans is a major virulence factor that contributes to its ability to evade host immune responses. The levels of melanin substrate and the regulation of melanin formation could be influenced by the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Moreover, recent studies show that C. neoformans infection causes dysbiosis in the human gut microbiome. In this review, we discuss the potential association between cryptococcal meningitis and the gut microbiome. Additionally, we emphasize the promising prospects of targeting the gut microbiome as a means of diagnosing and treating this debilitating disease.
Nonlinear Internal Tides in a Realistically Forced Global Ocean Simulation
Authors: Solano Miguel , Buijsman Maarten , Shriver Jay , Magalhaes Jorge , daSilva Jose , Jackson Christopher , Arbic Brian , Barkan Roy
Published: August 2023

The decay of the low-mode internal tide due to the superharmonic energy cascade is investigated in a realistically forced global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulation with 1/25 degrees (4 km) horizontal grid spacing. Time-mean and depth-integrated supertidal kinetic energy is found to be largest near low-latitude internal tide generation sites, such as the Bay of Bengal, Amazon Shelf, and Mascarene Ridge. The supertidal kinetic energy can make up to 50% of the total internal tide kinetic energy several hundred kilometers from the generation sites. As opposed to the tidal flux divergence, the supertidal flux divergence does not correlate with the barotropic to baroclinic energy conversion. Instead, the time-mean and depth-integrated supertidal flux divergence correlates with the nonlinear kinetic energy transfers from (sub)tidal to supertidal frequency bands as estimated with a novel coarse-graining approach. The regular spaced banding patterns of the surface-intensified nonlinear energy transfers are attributed to semidiurnal mode 1 and mode 2 internal waves that interfere constructively at the surface. This causes patches where both surface tidal KE and nonlinear energy transfers are elevated. The simulated internal tide off the Amazon shelf steepens significantly near these patches, generating solitary-like waves in good agreement with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. Globally, we find that regions of high supertidal energy flux also show a high correlation with observed instances of solitary nonlinear internal waves.
Usp22 Deficiency Switches Antiviral Response into Pathological CD8+ T Cell Activation via Downregulation of PD-L1
Authors: Friebus-Kardash Justa , Christ Theresa Charlotte , Dietlein Nikolaus , Elwy Abdelrahman , Abdelrahman Hossam , Holnsteiner Lisa , Hu Zhongwen , Rodewald3 Hans-Reimer , Lang Karl Sebastian
Published: August 2023

Ubiquitin-Specific-peptidase 22 (Usp22) cleaves ubiquitin moieties from numerous proteins, in particular transcription factors. Recently, it was reported that Usp22 acts as negative regulator of interferon-dependent responses. In the current study, we investigated the role of Usp22 deficiency upon acute viral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV) virus. We found that lack of Usp22 on bone marrow derived cells (Usp22 fl/fl Vav1-Cre mice) reduced induction of type I and II interferons. Limited type I interferon response did not influence virus replication. However, restricted expression of PD-L1 led to increased frequencies of functional virus-specific CD8+ T cells and rapid death of Usp22 deficient mice. CD8+ T cell depletion experiments revealed that accelerated CD8+ T cells were responsible for enhanced lethality in Usp22 deficient mice. In conclusion, we found that the lack of Usp22 generated a pathological CD8+ T cell response, which gave rise to severe disease in mice.
Explosion and Dynamic Transparency of Low-Density Structured Polymeric Targets Irradiated by a Long-Pulse KrF Laser
Authors: Zvorykin Vladimir D. , Borisenko Natalia G. , Pervakov Kirill S. , Shutov Alexey V. , Ustinovskii Nikolay N.
Published: August 2023

The hydrodynamics of plasma formed in the interaction of 100-ns UV KrF laser pulses with foam targets with volume densities from 5 to 500 mg/cm3 was studied. Initial and dynamic transmittance at 248-nm wavelength have been measured. At intensities about 1012 W/cm2, the propagation rates of radiation through foam targets reached 80 km/s, while plasma stream velocities from both front and rear sides of targets were approximately the same ~ 75 km/s, which confirms a volumetric absorption of radiation within the target thickness and the explosive nature of the plasma formation and expansion.
The Emergence of Large-Scale Bioethanol Utilities: Accelerating the Energy Transition for Cooking
Authors: Osiolo Helen Hoka , Marwah Hanaan , Leach Matthew
Published: August 2023

The use of bioethanol in cooking is not new, but until recently its application has been confined exclusively to small scale projects. However, a new bioethanol cooking utility in Kenya has now reached mass market adoption, serving more than 950,000 households with cooking fuel since launching in late 2019. Its success was made possible by a significant investment in technology to facilitate safe, convenient and affordable fuel distribution. It is funded by climate finance which is based on bioethanol fuel replacing charcoal used for cooking, a leading cause of African defor-estation. This development has been so recent that it has not widely been discussed in the academic literature. More broadly, the health, environmental and economic impacts of bioethanol for cooking have not been systematically assembled in one place. This article details what is known about the impact of bioethanol for cooking, how and why bioethanol for cooking was able to suddenly reach commercially viable scale in spite of the challenges it faced. It also discusses implications for further scaling of clean cooking fuel solutions.
Wearing Resistance of Metal Coating Layers after Laser Beam Heat Treatment
Authors: Olah Arthur , Machedon Pisu Teodor , Vizureanu Petrica
Published: August 2023

Laser heat treatment is applied after coating. Evaluation of the results was performed by studying the microstructures by metallographic, SEM/EDX microscopy and the mechanical properties were obtained by microscopic hardness and abrasion resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of laser heat treatment on the wear resistance of metal coatings. The results show the influence of the microstructure and chemical composition of the electrodes used on the micro-hardness and wear resistance of the metal coatings.
Enhancing Cyber Security in Organisations by Establishing Attributes Towards Achieving Cyber Resilience
Authors: Munusamy Thavaselvi , Khodadadi Touraj , Zamani Mazdak
Published: August 2023

The rapid changes in technology on a global scale, combined with the widespread adoption of business operations in cyberspace, have intensified the need for robust protection against escalating risks posed by cyber threats. This research paper aims to identify fundamental cyber resilience management attributes that enable organizations to manage cybersecurity, sustain, and adapt amidst evolving cyber risks and threats. By integrating resilience theory and security theory, this study establishes the attributes for resilience within cyber domains, making a novel contribution to cyber resilience management in organizations. The study introduces a model featuring seven main variables: Rationale, Reliable, Readiness, Resistance, Robust, Rebound, Reflective, and sub-variables across the Physical, Logical, and Social cyber domains, providing a converged framework for achieving cyber resilience. The findings of the study highlight the significance of fundamental attributes for enhancing cyber resilience management in organizations, such as clarity in purpose, vision, and values for security management, an empowered culture, availability of resources, avoidance of single points of failure, development, and coordination of resources to respond to threats and risks, promotion of continual improvement, and the sharing of information and knowledge. In conclusion, this research paper presents a model for managing cybersecurity in organizations by identifying key attributes for achieving cyber resilience.
A Hybrid Study of Undergraduates’ Time Management Scenarios during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ren Zhi , Yang Yi
Published: August 2023

This study is a two-phase hybrid study on the behavioral activities of undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. A questionnaire survey of students during the whole school period and a semistructured interviews with 13 undergraduates of different majors were conducted. First, we found that compared with primary and secondary school students, undergraduates showed many problems with self-time management. Second, the behavior of undergraduates at home may result from multiple factors, such as past experience, professional identity and behavioral habits. When secondary school provided a relatively relaxed learning environment or secondary school teachers placed more emphasis on continuous effort, and when students had a strong sense of the social value of their undergraduate major, students worked harder and achieved more during the pandemic. Otherwise, it was easier for students to slack off and be passive during the pandemic. Altogether, this study deepens our understanding of undergraduates' self-management of free time, and the differences in the values underlying different behaviors and the formation process of various behaviors.
PCL/Starch/Agar Coatings for Food-Packaging Paper: Statistical Correlation of the Formulations’ Effect on Diffusion Mechanism and Resistance to Grease, and Tensile Stress
Authors: Lo Faro Emanuela , Bonofiglio Angela , Barbi Silvia , Montorsi Monia , Fava Patrizia
Published: August 2023

Paper is one of the most promising materials for food packaging and wrapping due to its low environmental impact, but surface treatments are often needed to improve some performance, e.g. the resistance to fats and oils. In this context, this research is focused on the formulation of a new paper bio-coating. Paper was coated with liquids containing Poly(hexano-6-lactone) (PCL), Glycerol and variable percentages of starch (5 - 10% w/w PCL dry weight), agar agar (0 - 1.5% w/w PCL dry weight) and PEG (5% or 15% w/w PCL dry weight) to improve coating uniformity and diffusion. A Design of Experiments approach was implemented to find statistically reliable results in terms of best coating formulation. Coated paper was characterized through mechanical and physical properties. Results showed that agar content (1.5% w/w PCL dry weight) has a beneficial effect on increasing the resistance to oil. Furthermore, the best coating composition has been calculated, and it is: 10% w/w PCL dry weight of Starch, 1.5% w/w PCL dry weight of agar and 15% w/w PCL dry weight of PEG.
Sustainable Diet Behaviour among University Students in Malaysia
Authors: Moy Foong Ming , Zulkefli Nur Fadzlina
Published: August 2023

Sustainable diet behaviour is crucial in ensuring food security and healthy life with low environmental impacts, for the present and future generations. However, sustainable diet is a new concept both globally as well as in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to adapt and validate a questionnaire on sustainable diet behaviours, as well as to assess the levels and willingness of sustainable diet behaviour and its association with socio-demographic characteristics among university students in a public university in Malaysia. The final questionnaire resulted in three factors (perceived effectiveness, local/ seasonal food and behavioural control). The questionnaire displayed acceptable factor loadings (0.57 - 0.79) with total variance of 50.4% in the Exploratory Factor Analysis and demonstrated relative fitness in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. These findings showed that the adapted questionnaire was valid and could be used in the assessment of sustainable diet behaviour among young adults. In the survey, the participants showed moderate positive sustainable diet behaviour. Females and Indian participants were more likely to purchase seasonal / local foods and choose sustainable food products (p<0.05). Participants in the preparation and action stage for sustainable diet behaviour had higher scores in all three factors individually or combined. The findings should be used as the basis for future studies among the general population and intervention programs in promoting sustainable diet behaviour in the country.
On Symmetric Generalized n-Derivations on Prime Ideals
Authors: Alsuraiheed Turki , Ali Shakir , Varshney Vaishali , Wijayanti Indah Emilia
Published: August 2023

Throughout this paper, we will establish a comprehensive theoretical foundation and rigorously develop the methodology to investigate the structure of quotient ring S/P under the influence of symmetric generalized n-derivations, where S represents an arbitrary ring, and P signifies a prime ideal of S satisfying certain algebraic identities acting on prime ideal P without relying on the assumption of primeness or semi-primeness of the ring.
The perspective of Arctic-Alpine species in southernmost localities: Kalmia procumbens example in the Pyrenees and Carpathians
Authors: Walas Łukasz , Pietras Marcin , Mazur Małgorzata , Romo Ángel , Tasenkevich Lydia , Didukh Yakiv , Boratyński Adam
Published: August 2023

The high-mountain and arctic plants are considered especially sensitive to the climate changes because of close adaptations to the cold environment. Kalmia procumbens, the typical arctic-alpine species reaches southernmost European localities in the Pyrenees and Carpathians. The aim of the study was the assessment and comparison of K. procumbens current potential niche areas in the Pyrenees and Carpathians and their possible reduction due to climate change, depending on the scenario. Realized niches of K. procumbens in the Pyrenees are compact while in the Carpathians dispersed. In both mountain chains, the species occurs in the alpine and subalpine vegetation belts, going down to elevations of about 1500-1600 m, while the most elevated localities in the Pyrenees are at ca 3000 m, about 500 m higher than in the Carpathians. The localities of K. procumbens in the Carpathians have a more continental climate than in the Pyrenees, with lower precipitation and temperatures but higher seasonality of temperature and of precipitation. The species covered a larger area of geographic distribution during Last Glacial, and reduced area during mid Holocene. Due to the climate warming, the strong reduction of potential area of occurrence to 2100 is expected in the Carpathians and moderate reduction in in the Pyrenees.
Construction and application of CRISPR-mediated TBCK-Knockout system in multiple human and mouse cell models
Authors: WU JIN
Published: August 2023

Background: Mutations in TBCK can generate truncated TBCK protein aggregates that abolish the normal function of the gene. Alterations in TBCK function have been implicated in developmental and neurogenetic disorders, as well as the progression of certain forms of cancer. Despite TBCK's involvement in various human diseases, the underlying mechanism for cancer pathogenesis remains poorly understood.
Methods: To further explore loss of function mutations in TBCK, we introduced a CRISPR-mediated knockout system capable of deleting the human TBCK gene. Transcriptome analysis based on RNA-seq data was used to illustrate important roles of TBCK in cancer initiation and progression.
Results: The effectiveness of our targeted CRISPR knockout system (sgTBCK) was validated in multiple human cancer models, including PDAC MIAPaCa-2 and Fibrosarcoma HT1080. Our clear and straightforward workflow, detailed protocol, and schematic diagram for knocking out human TBCK via CRISPR can be applied to any gene of interest, which highlights the versatility, reproducibility, and user-friendliness of this approach. The application of our TBCK knockout system for transcriptome analysis showed TBCK's involvement in multiple hallmark cancer pathways, such as TNF-α signaling, Apoptosis, Hypoxia, P53, and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, emphasizing the importance of TBCK mutations in cancer initiation and progression.
Conclusions: We generated a straightforward workflow, detailed protocol, and schematic diagram for knocking out human TBCK via CRISPR and confirmed that the sgRNA against TBCK (GTTCGAGAAAGGAAACCTGTG) was specific for human TBCK. To date, this is the first report that has combined a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout system with transcriptome analysis to uncover potential mechanisms of TBCK in cancer progression.
Prevention Is Better Than Care. Clinical and Economic Implications of Oral Antiviral Agents in COVID 19: A Prospective Study
Authors: Pietrantonio F. , Rosiello F. , Ruggeri M. , Materazzo Marco , La Fazia Vincenzo Mirco , Pierucci Nicola , Iodice Rosa , Granvillano G. , Cicerchia Lamberto mc , Maurici Massimo , Delli castelli Michela , Vinci Fabio , Ciamei Angela , Sabato Marise , Sparta Aurelio , Acco Davide , Fortunato Luca , Cattaruzza Maria sofia , Vinci Antonio , Lordi M. , Cipriano Enrica
Published: August 2023

Background: COVID-19 represents a threat for frailty patients. Objective: Investigate efficacy, safety and economic value of treatment with Molnupiravir in a cohort of fragile patients affected by COVID-19. Methods: Observational, prospective study. The data collected allowed to assess efficacy and safety of Molnupiravir in real life, compare the results with a subgroup of patients treated with Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and to effect a cost-effectiveness analysis. Results: In January-December 2022, 435 patients (225 males, 220 females; median age 72 years), were enrolled; 24 patients were unvaccinated, 280 patients had ≥2 risk factors. Molnupiravir appeared to give better results than the SOC both clinically and economically. In these patients in comparison with literature data or SOC, hospitalization was 2.5% vs 6.8% (p<0.005), overall adverse effects 14,3% vs 30.4% (p<0.0001), severe adverse effects 2.6 vs 6.9% (p<0.001), thus involving a potential total savings of about € 92.954 per patient (8% of standard of care cost). Conclusions: early Molnupiravir treatment helped fragile patients who partially responded to vaccine, or with absolute contraindications to vaccination, to overcome COVID-19 without the need of hospitalization. Molnupiravir represents a clinical and economic effective treatment, avoiding disease progression in old patients suffering from multiple pathologies and taking several drugs.
Cross-Sectional Anatomy and Computed Tomography of the Coelomic Cavity in the Atlantic Puffin (Aves, Alcidae, Fratercula arctica).
Authors: Jaber José Raduan , Fumero-Hernández Marcos , Corbera Juan Alberto , Morales Inmaculada , Amador Manuel , Ramírez Zarzosa Gregorio , Encinoso Mario
Published: August 2023

In birds, unlike mammals, there is no complete separation between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Instead, they have the coelomic cavity where most main organs are found. Therefore, an adequate knowledge of the anatomy of the coelomic cavity is of great importance for veterinarians, biologists and the scientific community. This study aimed to evaluate the coelomic cavity anatomy in the Atlantic puffins (Fratercula Arctica) using anatomical sections and computed tomography images.