bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Quasi-Geoid Model Created for Territory of the Republic of Armenia
Authors: Margaryan Venera
Published: October 2014

Abstract: National Geodesic Network of WGS-84 system was founded in the territory of the Republic of Armenia from 2002 to 2007, which includes zero, first, and second class 1115 stations and there were other 229 State Geodesic Triangular Network stations. The observation at these stations has been done by GPS system. Each of the above mentioned stations covers on the average 27 square kilometers of the territory of Armenia. The data obtained during GPS observations have become the foundation for creating local quasi-geoid models and obtaining differences of heights (geoid wave value) of normal and WGS-84 ellipsoid surfaces. On the basis of gravimetric data a quasi-geoid model has been computed and developed. To creat the model coordinates of four geodetic satations encompassing the area of the Republic of Armenia have been used. To get the digital model of the selected area was diveded into five-minute sections by latitude and longitude and then coordinates of geodetic points have been taken. The above mentioned points were recalculated from the local system to WGS-84 system. The creation of the local elippsoid quasi-model is conditioned by the difference of 3D coordinates difference of three-dimensional of each point’s position. The values of the geoid wave vary within the range of 17.4547 meters, the average difference being almost in the centre of the area and is 21.2522 meters. To obtain the digital model of the quasi-geoid at the given local ellipsoid at each 100m a square matrix (of the network) was made by coordinates of recomputed points.
Comparison between Energy Performance of Building and Investments to the Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Kovac Martin , Knizova Katarina
Published: October 2014

The subject of the paper is to calculate the energy performance of building in proposed variants. The differences in the variants are in the using of conventional and renewable sources for heating and domestic hot water system. Target of the second part of paper is to know, how much money we need to invest into the proposed variants for heating and domestic hot water systems and how much money will by the user paying for operating costs. The conclusion of the paper describes the payback periods of proposed variants.
Using Probabilistic Calculation for the Assessment of the Risk of Water Vapor Condensation on Structures
Authors: Donová Denisa , Zdražilová Naďa , Šípková Veronika
Published: October 2014

The aim of this paper is the assessment of structures in terms of the lowest internal surface temperature. It assessed the risk of condensation of water vapor on the surface of these structures. This assessment will be conducted by probabilistic calculation based on data acquired in Vocational training center MSDK. Using this calculation will be found how many times during the year the internal surface temperature drops below the dew point on the inner surface of the structures.
Windows Energy Labelling in Slovakia
Authors: Chmúrny Ivan
Published: October 2014

Energy labelling of windows has been introduced in some Member States - for example Denmark, Finland, Slovakia and the UK. The UK BFRC scheme on window energy labelling has proved very efficient in communicating to the general public about the energy saving properties of high performance products thus contributing to their faster uptake. Slovak labelling system was introduced in 2008. The paper deals with main principles of energy rating system used in Slovenergookno. National system for rating the energy efficiency of windows and is recognised within the Building Regulations as a method to show compliance for your replacement windows installation..
Risk Assessment of Biocorrosion Recurrence of ETICS
Authors: Antošová Naďa , Minarovičová Katarína
Published: October 2014

The contribution follows on the previous research in the area of technologies for disposal of micro-organisms and of their lifecycle. Paper deals with recommendations for biocorrosion assessment consequences and with proposal to eliminate biocorrosion recurrence. Recommendations resulted in method for risk assessment and risk management to ensure long-term resistance of ETICS against colonization of microorganisms.
Regularities of Creating in the XVIII - Mid XX Centuries a Regular Agglomeration of St. Petersburg - Leningrad and Problems of its Preservation as a World Heritage Object
Authors: Sementsov S.V.
Published: October 2014

Before the foundation of St. Petersburg in 1703, there had for centuries existed a developed system of rural settlements located on the flat valleys and areas along the Neva River and around the Ladoga Lake. Since 1703, under the leadership of Peter I and his followers, there was carried out a systematic creation of the capital St. Petersburg agglomeration (St. Petersburg and residential suburbs around it), which was done on the basis of purposefully introduced principles of regularity and harmony of architectural ensembles, by the methods of large-scale reconstruction of the previous irregular system of the population settlement distribution. The scale of this new agglomeration had no analogues in world town-planning practice of the XVIII century and united spaces with the total area over 200 square kilometers, which extended from the town of Sestroretsk in the North to the town of Novgorod in the South, from the town of Narva in the West to the Volkhov River in the East. The regularity and multi-center character of the central city formed according to the pattern of a mesh and cellular structure (with the dimensions of 10 km by 15 km), was supplemented with a regularity of suburban ensembles` layout and multi-kilometer rectilinear axes – roads connecting them. Some of the roads had the length of several hundred km (such as the road from Moscow to St. Petersburg built in 1706-1718, that was as long as nearly 700 km). Huge suburban forest-park and natural-landscape spaces between palace and park ensembles were united as star-patterned compositions. This historically created agglomeration is deservedly included in the List of Objects of the World Heritage, but so far it has not received a unambiguous understanding of its uniqueness and needs a considerable effort in searching new individual ways of the historical heritage preservation. On the basis of the archive records, the contribution presents an analysis of regularities of consecutive and purposeful transformation of the historical rural settlements system existing up to the foundation of St. Petersburg into the capital St. Petersburg agglomeration of regular type.
The Influence of the Architectural and Landscape Planning on the Development of the Public Space in European Cities
Authors: Tubielewicz-Michalczuk Malwina
Published: October 2014

This paper work, based on own findings, discusses the main directions in the field of landscape architecture representing inspirations in the pursuit of sustainable development. Directions in architecture and landscape designing were presented that are aimed at improve ment of the image, ecological conditions of soci al life, and aesthetics of European cities. The article was exemplified with selected design works of contemporary and former landscape and green landscape architects, which have contributed to meet diverse social needs of selected public spaces in Europe. Consistently, the evolution and current state of the problem concerning issues on greenery, parks, squares and urban details will be analysed.
Some Issues of Reconstruction of Public Centers and Conservation of Historical Cultural Heritage in Yerevan
Authors: Mamian Zaruhi
Published: October 2014

Within the last 20 years due to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the declaration of independence of the Republic of Armenia, the establishment of new economic relations as well as the absence of centralized state means, an unregulated and undesirable process of construction has come into being. These changes made the gap between the reality and the present documents of urban planning projects, legislative documentations and socioeconomic relations even deeper.
In the current social-political situation it has become a necessity to define the main trends of the development of the city of Yerevan and the reformation of its center. Moreover, these trends should correspond to the existing legal and economic fields, which in its turn will lead to the formation of new public centers.
At present we have very few samples of historical and cultural heritage that witness about our urban past. There also exist some historically treasured areas that are subject to reconstruction.
The aim of urban planning, in general, is to turn the public formation contents into an artistic image. This presupposes the planning and objectification of the environment characteristic to the given public formation.
It is very important to find the standards which can help to organize areas in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, along the abovementioned lines.
Measure of the Town and Metropolis
Authors: Peřinková Martina
Published: October 2014

We have a general idea about the form of a historical centre and usually we consider it as a clearly defined part of a growing city. Especially in Europe this idea is explicit and authentic. However, there are also world ́s metropolises where urban and architectonic structure is beyond the understanding of European cities. It is essential to talk about the ways of perceiving urban agglomerations.
Contrast Harmony New Implementations
In Interior Design Architecture in the Republic of Armenia
Authors: Shahinyan S.M. , Shahinyan A.S.
Published: October 2014

In Armenia there are determined new tendencies for interior design in particular public areas. Here in the article we would like to emphasize on post soviet time national values declaim or dramatically extravagant contemporary solutions in the architecture, based on as called modern but out-of-taste restaurants, trading houses and especially luxury houses designed interior where modern and comfort environmental atmosphere is just adjusted for nowadays life. After all this tendency created a new way in architecture, where it could be seen different periods comprehensions expressed in the same area and possibility to create an atmosphere of new architectural historical environment where it is possible to detach modern and antique styles as well as create contrast in the harmony.
Sustainability of the Construction Sector in Poland in Comparison to other Economic Sectors
Authors: Mesjasz-Lech Agata
Published: October 2014

In various sectors in Poland, aims of sustainable development are being implemented more or less successfully. It is necessary to apply the principles of sustainable development to the human behaviour and activity of business entities, because there are more and more activities particularly harmful to the natural environment. The implemented modern technologies aimed at the elimination of (or eliminating) the negative impact of human and business activities on the natural environment, are bringing the desired results as far as the protection of individual natural resources is concerned. Inability to define the economic value of the natural resources results in their constant, excessive exploitation and degradation. However, the growing awareness of the environmental issue in Poland is resulting in the application of technologies that protect individual natural resources. The paper attempts to determine the measures of sustainable development of construction sector in the scope of economic and environmental order, and to classify all of the economic sectors in Poland in accordance with the achieved level sustainability. For this purpose one has used the numerical taxonomy methods, and in particular the methods of linear ordering of objects (that involve projection of the objects from a multidimensional space of features onto a straight line), called the methods of multidimensional comparative analysis. The measures were designed based on available statistical data from 2012. The purpose of this article is comparison the construction sector to each other and to find out which sectors are similar to each other in terms of sustainability level, and to find sectors that have managed to achieve the best results in this regard.
Development of Construction Cost Assessment Methods during Preparation for Tender
Authors: Smirnov Evgeny Borisovich , Ershova Svetlana Anatolievna
Published: October 2014

Successful development of a construction company under the market economical conditions depends on the number of contracts for construction works awarded to the company, usually on the competitive basis. The winner of a tender is chosen from the participants that have previously proved their qualification at the prequalification stage, on the basis of two criteria: bid price and construction period. Bid price is the key factor which is of the most importance to the client. It is based on contractor’s estimation of construction cost. The most common construction cost assessment methods use the valid estimate norms calculated on the basis of the averaged work costs which do not consider fluctuation of actual market prices for different kinds of resources and the chosen methods and technologies of facility construction.
This paper aims to provide the basis for the development of accurate cost assessment method which is based on the actual market prices for all kinds of resources and on the methods and technologies of facility construction chosen be the contractor, rather than on the valid estimate norms. The main task therefore is the development of the key principles and sequence of construction cost assessment during preparation for tender. The offered assessment method is based on construction schedule illustrating the time association of all construction processes and is the basis for determination of the actual volume of the required resources and funds at each time point of facility construction.
Given the many-sidedness of the arising problems, construction cost assessment should be conducted based on the following principles: construction schedule optimization; accounting of market cost of resources; generating the best plan of construction resource provision; cost minimization and financial flow optimization; risk accounting; project approach. Using these principles during assessment of facility construction cost within the framework of bid preparation allows increasing its competitive ability according to the main winner choice criteria – construction cost and periods.
Development Prospects of the Organizational and Legal Status of Education System in the Republic of Armenia
Authors: Hakobyan Narine , Ghazarosyan Anzhela
Published: October 2014

In the recent decade the education system of the Republic of Armenia has been actively integrated into the spirit and principles of the Bologna declaration one of the essential requirements of which is the assurance of freedom and autonomy for the universities (higher education institutions, hereof HEIs) and accordingly conformity of the post-secondary education and scientific research system with the ever changing needs of society and interest groups as well as with the scientific progress and development of higher education competitiveness. The status of governmental nonprofit organization of the state universities of the RA partially hinders the independence and institutional autonomy defined by the state laws to some extend. Firstly, the obstacles relate to the limitation of the financial and economic opportunities and rights of the universities accordingly blocking the comprehensive implementation and efficiency of reformations.
Metallurgical By-Products in Earthworks, Hazards of their Utilization
Authors: Kresta František
Published: October 2014

Metallurgical by-products, primarily blast furnace and steel slag, have ranked among important alternative sources of fill as well as of material for the structural layers in highways. The properties of aggregates based on blast furnace or steel slag are determined to a decisive degree by the process employed by the specific ironmaker or steelmaker in question, or as the case may be, the specific producer of a nonferrous metal. Main hazards of metallurgical by-products are closely connected to their chemical and mineralogical composition and they are resulted in volume changes.
Pavement deformation of the D47 motorway does not constitute Czech Republic’s first example of damage to an engineering structure due to volume changes of metallurgical by-products, but since this problem became widely known it drew greater attention to the problems of volume stability of the metallurgical by-products. Comparison of blast furnace slag, steel slag and other metallurgical by products parameters allow us to define the most hazardous material as steelworks waste. It is surprising that such material obtained a certificate based on which it was used as fill.
Degradation of Rice Straw with Dilute Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Liu Tao , Xia Nan Nan , Tang Xu , Gong Gui Zhen
Published: October 2014

Rice straw was degraded with different concentration hydrochloric acid solution.The reaction mixture was extracted with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, respectively. The effects of different concentration dilute hydrochloric acids on the yields of residue were investigated. The extracts were analyzed with gas chromatography (GC) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The results indicated that hydrochloric acid solution can convert most of the organic matters contained in rice straw into solvent-soluble species. The research is significance in the high value added utilization of rice straw.
Influence of Synthesis Temperature on the ZnNb2O6 Powders Prepared via Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Du Yong , Huang Jin Liang , Gu Yong Jun
Published: October 2014

ZnNb2O6powder was successfully synthesized via coprecipitation method with Nb2O5、Zn(NO3)2·6H2O as raw materials and ammonia as precipitant agent. This precursor on heating at750°C, produced ZN powders. Phase composition, morphology and chemical composition were studied via a combination of XRD, TEM and EDS technique. The effects of synthesis temperature on phase composition and particle morphology were investigated in this paper. The results showed that with the increase of the synthesis temperature, the particle size decreases. We could get the ZnNb2O6powder with high purity, fine crystalline when the synthesis temperature is at 50°C.
Preparation and Characterization of Silicate Wood Adhesive Modified with Ammonium Stearate
Authors: Zhang Xin Li , Zhang Hong Hui , Wu Yi Qiang , Hu Yun Chu
Published: October 2014

In order to improve the water resistance of silicate wood adhesive, a kind of silicate adhesive was prepared from water glass with silica as curing agent, and ammonium stearate as modifier. The chemical structure, surface morphology and thermal properties of the silicate adhesive were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, and thermo-gravimetric analyzer. As the two main measures of adhesion properties, the bonding strength and water resistance were also determined. The results showed that ammonium stearate was successfully introduced into the molecule structure of silicate, the silicate adhesive have good thermal stability in the range of 30~800 °C and the modified silicate adhesive had more smooth cured morphology. The bonding strength and 24h water absorption rate of poplar plywood glued by the silicate adhesive was 0.71 MPa and 22.81%, respectively, reaching the grade II of plywood performance's national standard.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Degradable and Temperature/Ionic-Strength Responsive Polyurethane Microsphere
Authors: Yu Ke Wei , Deng Yang Quan , Yu Shu Wen , Zhang Wei Min
Published: October 2014

The present study describes degradable and temperature/ionic-strength responsive polyurethane (PU) microspheres fabricated using toluene diisocyanate, polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol, 2, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-propionic acid and triethylamine for drug delivery.[1]We studied the properties of Temperature-sensitive, Ionic strength effects on SR, Swelling-deswelling reversibility, In vitro degradation, the result showed that: when the increase in temperature between 20°C and 50°C, as well as the ionic strength at certain temperature tended to decrease SR. The swelling kinetics was also investigated showing the presence of good ability to change reversibly at different temperature. The degradable studies using phosphate buffer solvent revealing polymeric matrix easily be tuned by varying polycaprolactam (PCL) composition, thus matching specific requirements.
Study of Dithienylcyclopentene with Substituents at 4-Position of Thiophene
Authors: Zhao Sheng Min , Zhang Wei Lin , Huang Han Hui , Zhang Wen Guan
Published: October 2014

1-(2,5-Dimethylthien-3-yl)-2-(4-acetyl-2,5-dimethylthien-3-yl) cyclopentene has been synthesized by a six-step procedure, such as Vilsmeier reaction, Wolff-Kishner-Huang reduction reaction, The Friedel-Crafts acylation, McMurry reaction etc. Upon alternate irradiation with 297 and 500 nm light upon 1-(2,5-Dimethylthien-3-yl)-2-(4-acetyl-2,5-dimethylthien-3-yl) cyclopentene, the absorption spectrum changes reversibly and a clear isosbestic point appears. These results suggest that the compound can undergo photochromism and do not decompose during the irradiation.
Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Properties of a New CuI Complexe Contain Bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether and 2-(anthracen-9-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline
Authors: He Ji Ling
Published: October 2014

In this paper, a new diimine ligand of 2-(anthracen-9-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline(D1) and its corresponding CuI complex contain Bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR successfully. Experimental data confirm that Complex [Cu(D1)(DPEphos)](PF6) is high-energy-emitting one. The broad band emission upon excitation at λ = 400 nm with the emission maximum locates at λ = 579 nm was observed. This makes them potential candidates as cheap emitting materials.
Energy Savings Potential of Heat Reflective Coatings for Residential and Commercial Buildings in Beijing
Authors: Mao Qian Jin , Lv Qiu Rui , Sun Shun Jie , Cui Su Ping , Wang Zi Ming
Published: October 2014

Analyzed and calculated the energy savings of heat reflective coatings applied on multi-storied residential buildings and high-risen commercial buildings in Beijing. Some advices about the application of heat reflective coatings in northern cold region are given. Energy saving effect was evaluated with the building energy simulation in winter and summer while the heat reflective coating is applied on the surface of residential buildings and commercial buildings. Calculating results showed that the energy saving is the most optimal to the multi-storied buildings when the cool roof coatings is coated on the roofs and the glass heat reflective coating is applied on east and west windows. With the high-risen commercial building, the energy saving is noticeable when the glass curtain wall is coated with glass heat reflective coatings. The energy saving rate can reach a maximum of 13%.
Casting Process and Simulation of 50-60017-00 Pulley
Authors: Xing Cheng Cheng , Yang Jin Ning , Xie Long De , Yang Gang , Yang Yi
Published: October 2014

Currently, the casting process of pulley is a hot and difficult topic in industry. As the production of the nodular cast iron pulley requires chill for final feeding in the traditional casting technology. To avoid the cold iron in casting process, this paper presents a new technology for 50-60017-00 type pulley. Simulated results, obtained from commercial software "MAGMA", indicate that liquid metal fills the sand smoothly, and no porosity is found in the casting. Then, 20 pieces of samples were produced to test the performance, validating the proposed technology. Finally, the results could be applied to other designs of nodular cast iron pulley process.
Safety Evaluation in Emulsion Explosive Continuous Manufacturing Based on Unascertained Measurement Model
Authors: Luo Ya Jun , Zhao Ming Sheng , Chi En An , Tao Tie Jun
Published: October 2014

In order to resolve the problems that many units are intersect and mutual restraint in the safety evaluation of emulsion explosive continuous manufacturing, the safety evaluation model based on uncertainty measurement theory was built, then this model was used to evaluate the safety of emulsion explosive continuous manufacturing in one explosive industry. The evaluation results show that: the information entropy and confidence identifying criterion were respectively used to ascertain the evaluation index weight and identifying criterion, by these ways, the evaluation results of this model are more objective; and the evaluation units can be selected flexibly according to actual situation, the calculation of evaluation model is simple, so the evaluation results can offer decision basis for explosive industry to make good management.
Effect Evaluation of Bench Blasting Based on Unascertained Measurement Model
Authors: Tao Tie Jun , Zhang Jian Hua , Chi En An , Zhao Ming Sheng , Kang Qiang
Published: October 2014

In order to resolve the uncertainty problem of influence factors in effect evaluation of bench blasting, the effect evaluation model of bench blasting based on uncertainty measurement theory was built, then this model was used to evaluate the bench blasting effect in Hongshuitai flat engineering. The evaluation results show that: the information entropy and confidence identifying criterion were respectively used to ascertain the evaluation index weight and identifying criterion, by these ways, the evaluation results of this model are more objective; and the evaluation index can be selected flexibly according to actual situation, the calculation of evaluation model is simple, so the evaluation results can offer decision basis for blasting workers to make timely adjustment of the blasting scheme.
The Construction and Practice on Practical Teaching System of Chemical Engineering Specialty in Higher Education
Authors: Liu Yue Xian , Zhang Nan Zhe
Published: October 2014

Practical teaching is an important link to cultivate applied and innovative talents with high quality for chemical engineering specialty in higher education, and is the main way to improve students' engineering quality. The full range of practical teaching system has been constructed through the practice and exploration, which includes the main four modules: the experiment, the practical training, the practice and the design, and the extra-curricular practical activities as supplement. Practice has proved the system enhanced the students' comprehensive ability and quality, and cultivated students' innovative ability and engineering quality.
Syntheses of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/Graphene Composites and Electrochemical Properties Researches as Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Hua Li , Chen Ke , Ke Wen Pan , Chen Liao
Published: October 2014

Fe3O4microspheres and its composities with graphene are prepared by the controlled thermal decomposition of an iron alkoxide precursor, which are obtained via an ethylene glycol (EG) mediated solvothermal reaction of ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O) and sodium acetate (NaAc) with graphene dopings. The resulting Fe3O4microspheres are uniform with a diameter of 0.2-0.5μm. Electrochemical properties of both Fe3O4microspheres and Fe3O4/graphene composites are discussed. SEM analysis shows that a large number of Fe3O4particles with spherical morphologies are homogeneously anchored to the rGO sheets surface. Electrochemical results showed that charge and discharge capacities for Fe3O4/graphene composites are larger than those for Fe3O4microspheres electrodes after the 30th cycles which due to the synergistic effect of Fe3O4and graphene. Graphene improves the electronic conductivity of Fe3O4microspheres and increases the interfacial contact area between the Fe3O4microspheres and electrolyte which is benefitable for lithium ion battery. So Fe3O4/graphene composites are better anode materials than Fe3O4microspheres.
By Using FE-Fe2O3 Galvanic Pair in Sulphate Solution for Obtaining of a Chemical Source of a Current
Authors: Mussina Z.M. , Bayeshov A.B. , Zhurynov M.Zh. , Toktar G.
Published: October 2014

In this article was given the results of research of electrochemical system on a basis of iron and iron oxide (Fe2O3) which can be used for obtaining of a chemical source of a current (CSC). Use of the given system does not suggest the application of expensive and ecologically harmful active substances. Electromotive force of a source of a current it was investigated in a water solution of iron sulphates, at a room temperature, in absence of external loading.
A New Method to Identify Pulsatilla chinesis(Bge) Regel, from Potentilla chinesis Ser. Based on Chloroplast trnL-F Sequences
Authors: Zhang Shao Xuan , Lin Guang Zhu , Wang Bo Chuan , Shi Yan
Published: October 2014

To establish a reliable identification method of Pulsatilla chinesis (Bge) Regel., from its counterfeits, Potentilla chinesis Ser., we extracted the genome DNA from the leaves of these two plants collected in Jilin Province, amplified the chloroplast trnL-F region using universal primers of angiosperm, and sequenced the purified PCR products directly. The obtained sequences were edited by Genetyx and compared. Based on trnL-F sequences, we used primer PREMIER 5.0 to search the restriction sites of the two trnL-F sequences and found RsaI can be used to identify them.
Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds to Azoxy Compounds with Sodium Borohydride
Authors: Cai Ke Ying , Zhou Ying Mei
Published: October 2014

The reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to corresponding azoxy compounds with sodium borohydride was catalyzed by BiO(OH)/actived carbon (AC), which was prepared by equivalent-volume impregnation. The influences of catalyst, sodium borohydride and sodium hydroxide amount were investigated with 10 mmol of nitrobenzene as substrate in methanol at room temperature. The suitable reaction conditions are as follows: 0.2 g of catalyst, 10 mmol of sodium borohydride and 0.1 g of sodium hydroxide. Under the conditions, the seven aromatic nitro compounds were reduced to corresponding azoxy compounds with 27%-90% yields. Moreover, slight deactivation was observed after nine cycles of the catalyst.
Biosynthesis of γ-Decalactone with Lipase-Catalyzed Resolution from Castor Oil by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Cao Shun Li , Li Qian Qian , Rong Shao Feng , Cai Bao Guo , Guan Shi Min , Yang Shu Lin
Published: October 2014

Castor oil is the main feedstock to produce γ-decalactone among many materials. In this paper, an approach to efficiently improve the production of γ-decalactone by adding porcine pancreatic lipase was described. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with the highest production efficiency of γ-decalactone was firstly selected from ten yeasts. Then, the culture conditions were optimized. During the fermentation at an optimal temperature of 35°C, adding 1.0g L-1 porcine pancreatic lipase and 4g L-1 Tween 80 promoted the capacity of γ-decalactone production. With supplement of 1% castor oil at the 24 h, γ-decalactone production reached as high as 3.10g L-1 after a fermentation of 64 h. The production increased about 20-fold compared with the fermentation without adding porcine pancreatic lipase.
Effect of Geldanamycin on the Glioma Cell Invasion Induced by Hepatocyte Growth Factor
Authors: Sun Yan Xia , Zhou Guang Yu , Li Li , Han Xue Mei
Published: October 2014

To investigate the effect of geldanamycin (GDM) on the invasion ability of glioma cell induced by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Malignant glioma cell line U251-MG and U87-MG were cultured’and the capability of cell invasion was detected using a Transwell culture system. HGF significantly promoted the invasion ability of both U251-MG and U87-MG cells as compared with the normal control (NC) (P < 0.05). Forty eight hours after GDM treatment, the invasive growth of glioma cells was significantly decreased as compared with either NC or HGF group (P < 0.05). When cells were exposed to GDM plus HGF for 48 h, the cell invasion capability was greatly reduced as compared with either NC or HGF group (P < 0.05). The number of invaded cells in GDM plus HGF group was similar to that of GDM group.GDM can inhibit the invasion ability of glioma cells induced by HGF.
Expression and Significance of Interleukin 1α mRNA in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sun Yan Xia , Lin Feng Wu , Han Xue Mei
Published: October 2014

Quantitative analysis for the relative mRNA expression of interleukin 1α (IL-1α) in colorectal cancer and cancer-adjacent tissues, the clinical significance of which will be investigated. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the relative mRNA levels of IL-1α in 42 colorectal cancer tissues and corresponding cancer-adjacent tissues, statistically analyzing the co-relation of IL-1α mRNA levels with the differentiation, clinical stages and metastatic status of cancer. The relative content of IL-1α mRNA in colorectal tissues was 1.18 ± 0.80, and that in cancer-adjacent tissues was 0.74 ± 0.49, with a significant difference between the two groups (t=-3.12, P=0.003). The relative content of IL-1α mRNA in advance-staged (stage III-IV) colorectal cancer tissues was 1.50 ± 0.93, which was significantly higher than that in early-staged colorectal cancer tissues (1.50 ± 0.93 vs. 0.89 ± 0.52, t=-2.67, P=0.01). The relative content of IL-1α mRNA in metastatic colorectal cancer tissues was 1.59 ± 0.90, which was significantly higher than that in non-metastatic colorectal cancer tissues (1.59 ± 0.90 vs. 0.84 ± 0.50, P=0.002). Expression of IL-1α mRNA in colorectal cancer tissues is significantly elevated, and has a positive co-relation with the clinical stages and metastatic status, suggesting IL-1α might play a role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer.
The Study of Senkyunolide I Degradation Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xiong Yao Kun , Lin Xiao , Liu Zhi Yong , Zhu Gen Hua , Yan Zhi Hong , Li Fei , Feng Yi
Published: October 2014

Ligusticum chuanxiongHort. (Umbelliferae) has been prescribed widely to treat cardiovascular diseases in China for centuries. Senkyunolide I is a major bioactive component inL. chuanxiongthat shows pharmacological activity against migraines and oxidative damage. Here, we identified the degradation products of senkyunolide I under different conditions (temperature, light alkaline) by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) analyses. Senkyunolide I was separated on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 1.8 μm) column using a binary eluent under gradient conditions. Analytes were detected by ESI/QTOF–MS/MS in positive ion mode to obtain MS and MS/MS spectra together with extracted molecular weights. Upon comparison with reference data, we concluded that senkyunolide I undergoes a ring-opening reaction under alkaline conditions (pH >10.0), and dual-key addition or hydration on 3,4-unsaturated bonds and branched terminal hydroxyl groups under high-temperature and aerobic conditions. With auxiliary application1H-NMR, we determined that partial isomerization of senkyunolide I takes place under bright light. In the method detailed here, the advantages of separation and identification of a complex system of small and medium-sized molecules was exploited using UPLC–QTOF–MS, not only to avoid complicated separation and purification, but also to isolate and identify trace amounts of degradation products that were previously difficult to identify.
Advance of Sludge Producing, Hazards and Disposal Methods
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yang Liu , Wang Ai He , Wang Cai Wen , Zhou Jun
Published: October 2014

Sludge on the ecological environment and human health dangers of long-term potential, the disposal of sludge should focus harmless, resources and energy of. The traditional method of sludge disposal as landfill, incineration, ocean emissions, compared to today's more stringent of environmental standards is clearly inappropriate; currently sludge recycling processes such as pyrolysis oil technology, fuel system technology, thermal Preparation of sorbent technology solutions are better resources and technology, are able to take full advantage of the high organic matter content of the sludge characteristics, not only a way to solve the problem of sludge, also produce a lot of useful material, to achieve waste Po, in line with its sustainable development strategy is conducive to the establishment of recycling economy.
Effect of Polymerization Time on the Pore Size Distribution and Adsorption Behavior of Ordered Mesoporous Carbons
Authors: Ding Ying , Zhu Jian Zhong , Chen Liang , Fan Rong Liang , Han Gang , Cao Yang , Wang Chun Yan
Published: October 2014

Ordered mesoporous materials, because of its specific high surface area, a large pore size and uniform pore size distribution, reflects its more obvious advantages in the adsorption. The study describes the adsorption behavior of disinfection by-products such as dichloroacetic acid from aqueous solution using ordered mesoporous carbon in different pore size distribution. Ordeded mesoporous carbon was synthesized via the evaporation induced self-assembly method with Pluronic F127 as a template and phenolic resin as a carbon source and employed to evaluate the effects of initial concentration, contact time, pH and temperature on the removal of dichloroacetic acid in batch experiments. In this study, the method of controlling the aperture of ordered mesoporous carbon is changing the polymerization time of phenolic resin which can change the relative molecular weight and the length of molecular chain of phenolic resin. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption. These analyses reveal that the mesoporous carbon have ordered structure. The experimental results indicated the ordered mesoporous carbon in different pore size distribution showed significant differences in the adsorption of dichloroacetic acid and their adsorption capacities are 5.80, 20.62, 16.24 mg/g, respectively.
Activation of Molten Alkali Chloroaluminates
Authors: Shabanov O.M. , Kazieva L.A. , Suleymanov Sagim I.
Published: October 2014

The electrical conductivity of molten sodium and potassium chloroaluminumates increase with increasing electrical field strength and reach the limiting values. The limiting high-voltage conductivities of the melts surpass their usual values up to 200% in NaAlCl4and 700% in KAlCl4. These results have been obtained on the base of analysis of the microsecond high-voltage discharges in the melts (the Wien effect). After the high-voltage pulses discharges having been completed in the melts, their conductivity has been found to rise up to 50% (the “memory effect”). The relaxation time of a non-equilibrium state reaches 5 minutes and more.
Evolution and Simulation of Pore Structure during the Calcinations of Limestone Pellets
Authors: Li Ming Chun , Zhang Jin , Yuan Zi Yao
Published: October 2014

The evolution characteristics of pore structure during the decomposition of limestone were experimental measured with nitrogen adsorption method. As a result, the pore structure of calcined limestone has a characteristic of bimodal distribution and the most probable pore sizes are about 3.8nm and 45nm. The probability ratio between the front and following humps decreases at first with the solid fractional conversion and then increases in the later stage of decomposition, and the corresponding inflection point of solid fractional conversion is aboutη=0.56 under the condition of calcination temperature 1133K. A probability density function with bimodal distribution for pore volume was established to construct the pore structure parameters model. As the average pore size decreased from 38.2nm to14.9nm, the effective diffusion coefficient of gaseous product through the porous solid product layer reduced from 0.0088cm2.s-1to 0.0017cm2.s-1, which leads to an increase in the pore diffusion resistance affecting the decomposition mechanisms of limestone.
Determination of Rhodium in Rhodium-Loaded Carbon Catalysts Using Microwave-Assisted Sample Digestion and ICP-OES
Authors: Pan Jun Yi , Wei Xiao Juan
Published: October 2014

A novel method for the determination of rhodium in rhodium-loaded carbon catalyst samples was established by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after samples digested by microwave oven with aqua regia. Such experiment conditions were investigated as the influence of sample digestion methods, digestion time, digestion temperature and interfering ions on the determination. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) of Rh for tested solutions were 9 ng mL-1. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for Rh were 2.11 (CRh = 1 mg L-1, n = 7). The linear ranges of calibration graphs for Rh were 0 ~ 150.00 mg L-1. The proposed method was applied to determine the practical samples with good recoveries and satisfactory results.
Effective Hydroalkoxylation/Cyclization of Alkynyl Alcohol Catalyzed by In(OTf)3
Authors: Zhang Jian Ting , Zhu Cheng Lin , Feng Jun Min , Wang Rui , Huang Shuang Ping , Wang Xiao Ji
Published: October 2014

An effective hydroalkoxylation/cyclization of alkynyl alcohol catalyzed by In (OTf)3 was reported, which could be used to the synthesis of oxygen-containing heterocycles.
Synchronous Determination of Copper, Iron, Nickel, Lead, Cadmium and Chromium in Electroplating Wastewater by ICP-AES
Authors: Qu Wei , Zhou Cheng Ying , Liu Shuang
Published: October 2014

A method was proposed for the determination of copper, iron, nickel, lead, cadmium and chromium in electroplating wastewater by ICP-AES. Working conditions and selection of spectral lines were optimized. The mixed and single standard for 6 elements were analyzed, spectrum with high sensitivity, low spectral interference, high ratio of signal with background, low detection limit were selected. The detection limit was 0.002, 0.003, 0002, 0.008, 0.002, 0.007mg/L. The effects of inhalation rate and the spectral intensity in nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid and sulfuric acid solution were tested. Nitrate acid with low viscosity, low surface tension and high atomization efficiency was selected. The accuracy and precision were tested, the relative error was less than 5.2%, relative standard deviation was less than 2.4%.It was accord with national standard. It proved that the determination of copper, iron, nickel, lead, cadmium and chromium in electroplating wastewater by ICP-AES was feasible.
Synthesis and Characterization of Triazine-Based Charring Agent and its Application in Flame Retarded Polypropylene
Authors: Wang Ning Ping , Tang Hai Shan , Xia Lang Ping , Shao Si Chun , Zhu Jie , Peng Zhi Han
Published: October 2014

In this study, N,N-(2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazinyl) diethylenetriamine were synthesized by cyanuric chloride, diethylenetriamine and ammonia with a novel process in three steps, and it can be used as charring agent in intumescent flame retardant. Its chemical structures were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and elemental analysis. Meanwhile, the TGA results showed that triazine-based charring agent had good thermostability. Furthermore, the fire performancce of composites blended by the flame retardant and polypropylene was investigated by vertical burning test. The results revealed good fire retardancy that flame retardant polypropylene with 5.1wt% charring agent, 2.8wt% anti-dripping and 20.1wt% APP, was reached UL-94 V-0 rating.
Determination of Manganese in Leisure Foods by Incomplete Digestion-Microemulsion Sampling-High Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Miao Jing Zhi , Chen Shang Long , Li Chao , Wu Yong Hua
Published: October 2014

A fast and effective method was developed for determination of Mn in leisure foods by incomplete digestion-microemulsion sampling-high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GFAAS). Microemulsions were prepared with digestive liquor and n-butyl alcohol as an auxiliary emulsifier after incomplete digestion treatment. The factors influencing determination were investigated by single factor experimental design. The optimal determination conditions were found as follows: the tartaric acid (1 mg/mL) was added as a chemical modifier with the volume of 4 μL; pyrolysis temperature 1100°C; atomization temperature 2000°C. The results showed that the correlation coefficient was better than 0.996, the characteristic concentration was 0.09 μg/L, the precision (RSD) for 6 replicate measurements of Mn was 2.8% and the average of recoveries was 97.3%. F-test and t-test (95% confidence level) in between the proposed method and the microwave digestion-HR-CS GFAAS method had no significant difference. Therefore, the proposed method was accurate and stable with a high practical value. It provided scientific basis for determination of metal elements in food.
Direct and Sequential Determination of Six Metal Elements in Cooking Wine by HR-CS GFAAS
Authors: Chen An Hui , Chen Shang Long , Wu Yong Hua , Shao Ying , Zhang Chuan Li
Published: October 2014

The aim of this work was to develop a sensitive, simple and direct procedure for the determination of Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn and Al in the cooking wine by HR-CS GFAAS with a minimum sample pre-treatment. The analyses of the six metal elements were conducted using a high resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometer. The cooking wine as sample was just diluted in ultrapure water with 1.0% (v/v) HNO3and the analytical lines of the six metal elements were selected scientifically. The correlation coefficients better than 0.99 were obtained and the limits of detection were 0.86, 0.08, 0.28, 0.81, 0.61 and 1.54 μg/L for Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn and Al, respectively. Recoveries varied form 96.1% to 105.7%. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the six metal elements in the cooking wine and the results showed that the mass concentrations of Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn and Al were 2.10, 0.177, 7.98, 1.86, 22.3 and 217.2 μg/L, respectively. There was a good agreement between the proposed method and the microwave digestion-HR-CS GFAAS method, and F-test and t-test at 95% of confidence had no significant difference. Therefore, the proposed method was accurate and stable with a high practical value. It provided scientific basis for quality control in food industries.
Optimization of Anthocyanins Extraction from Blueberry Pomace by Spray-Drying Process by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Meng Xian Jun , Zhang Jia Chen , Li Bin
Published: October 2014

The effects of maltodextrin concentration,inlet air temperature and outlet air temperature on the anthocyanins extraction from blueberry pomace by spray-drying technology were studied by response surface methodology. Based on single factor experiment, the quadratic regression model of the powder yield and loss rate of anthocyanins were deduced, then variables were analyzed with response surface methodology (RSM) by Box - Benhnken experiment. Results showed that the optimal technological conditions for spray drying the anthocyanins extraction from blueberry pomace were obtained as follows: maltodextrin concentration was 25.15% , inlet air temperature was 183.03°Cand outlet air temperature was 60.00°C.