bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in antipsychotic treatment of children and adolescents in Israel from post-mental health reform to post-COVID19 pandemic (2015-2023)
Authors: Nega Rachel , Walfisch Ron , Taler Michal , Efron Martin , Bar Nurit El , Gavze Revital Perlov , Lev-Shalem Liat , Bodenheimer Gilad , Bilu Yonatan , Gothelf Doron
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the patterns of antipsychotic drug dispensations among children and adolescents from 2015 to 2023, with a focus on the impact of introducing national health reform (2015) and the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from Maccabi Healthcare Services, encompassing 1,105,439 individuals aged 6 to 18 years was analyzed using a retrospective cohort study. We investigated the incidence rates of antipsychotic prescriptions by age, sex, socioeconomic status, and geographical region. During the study period, there was a 15% overall increase in antipsychotics prescriptions. Higher rates of prescription were noted among males aged 6-11 and females aged 14-18. Significant increases in prescriptions were observed following the mental health reform and the COVID-19 pandemic. Low socioeconomic status and peripheral regions exhibited higher and increasing prescription rates. Seasonal patterns revealed peaks in the fourth quarter of each year. The study highlights an overall increase in antipsychotic prescriptions, influenced by policy changes and the pandemic. Inequality in prescription rates by socioeconomic status and geographical location underscore the need for targeted mental health interventions. The findings also indicate the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health and the utilization of antipsychotic medications.
Predictors of prolonged hospital stay of pelvic ring and acetabular fractures - A retrospective analysis in a 10 year period of a Level 1 Trauma center
Authors: Weuster Matthias , Cuntz Marlen , Lippross Sebastian , Fitschen-Oestern Stefanie , Seekamp Andreas , Klüter Tim
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Pelvic ring and acetabular fractures are among the most complicated and severe injury patterns in orthopaedic trauma surgery. Inpatient treatment is not only costly but also very time-consuming. The aim of this study is to identify predictors leading to a prolonged length of hospital stay.
METHODS
This study is a retrospective review of data of 211 patients admitted to a Level-1 trauma centre. In this cohort a surgical treatment of pelvic ring and acetabular fractures between 2010 and 2020 was performed. Preclinical data and clinical parameters were analysed.
RESULTS
Injury severity was the most important factor for a prolonged stay. High-energy trauma resulted in significantly longer hospital stays. Polytrauma had a significant effect. Low haemoglobin levels measured on admission and an increased shock index, as indicators of the severe trauma, could be identified as good predictors of a longer intensive care period and a long total length of stay. Except for the number of surgical procedures to treat the pelvic fracture, surgical approach and technique showed no predictive value. Age and gender do not play a role. Increased patient age does not result in a longer hospital stay or longer intensive care times.
CONCLUSION
Pelvic fractures demonstrate a prolonged hospital stay. It depends on the severity of the injury. There are good predictors of a long length of stay at admission. These include the presence of polytrauma, the complexity of the fractures, haemoglobin levels, and the shock index.
Obturator Internus Muscle Entrapment in Posterior Wall Acetabular Fractures: A Rare Intraoperative Finding
Authors: Vaderi Babu Mohammed Rafi , Sharma Vijay , Gar Siva Srivastava , Farooque Kamran
Published: November 2024

Introduction: We report two cases of the rare presentation of obturator internus muscle entrapment in posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum. While piriformis muscle entrapment has been previously reported, there are no known cases of obturator internus entrapment associated with posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum. Case Presentation: Case 1: A 38-year-old male presented with right hip and knee pain following a road traffic accident. He was diagnosed with a posterior wall and posterior column fracture, accompanied by posterior dislocation of the knee. During surgery, the obturator internus muscle was found interposed between the fracture site and the displaced posterior wall fragment. Case 2: A 43-year-old male sustained blunt abdominal trauma and a Pipkin type 4 (femoral head fracture with posterior wall fracture) injury following a road traffic accident. After stabilization of his abdominal injury with laparoscopic mesenteric repair, the patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the posterior wall fracture, along with removal of intra-articular bony fragments from an infra-foveal femoral head fracture. Similarly, during the procedure, the obturator internus muscle was found interposed between the fracture site and the displaced posterior wall fragment. Both patients followed a standard post-operative rehabilitation protocol and recovery was uneventful. Conclusion: These cases highlight the importance of recognizing muscle entrapment as a potential cause of difficulty in reducing posterior acetabular wall fractures. Proper identification and management of such interpositions are crucial to ensure successful fracture reduction and fixation.
Efficacy of FAPI-PET as a non-invasive evaluation method of liver fibrosis
Authors: Mori Yuriko , Tamburini Katharina , Novruzov Emil , Schmitt Dominik , Mavriopoulou Eleni , Loosen Sven H. , Roderburg Christoph , Watabe Tadashi , Kratochwil Clemens , Röhrich Manuel , Alavi Abass , Haberkorn Uwe , Giesel Frederik L.
Published: November 2024

Liver fibrosis is a chronic fibrosing hepatic disorder following recurrent injury, characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Early detection has great clinical impact because 80–90% of hepatocellular carcinomas are known to develop in fibrotic or cirrhotic (end-stage fibrotic) livers. PET imaging with FAP ligands exhibited highly promising results in recent years to visualize fibrosis in various organs due to the crucial role of activated fibroblasts in fibrosing processes. However, still little is known about the efficacy of FAP imaging in liver fibrosis. Thus, we sought to investigate the potential of FAPI-PET in a cohort of oncological and non-oncological patients. Methods: 360 patients who underwent FAPI-PET/CT at the University Hospital of Heidelberg between July 2017 and October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The tracer uptake of the liver was analyzed and correlated with radiological and clinical parameters. Results: We observed a strong negative correlation between the hepatic FAPI uptake and CT density (r=-0.264, P < 0.001***). A positive correlation was observed between hepatic FAPI uptake and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) (r = 0.178, P = 0.006**), an established surrogate for liver fibrosis. The liver SUV (standardized uptake value) mean and SUVmax of FAPI showed significant differences between groups of patients with low (< 0.5), middle (0.5-1.0) and high (> 1.5) APRI (P = 0.002* and P < 0.001***). Conclusion: These preliminary observational results suggest that FAPI-PET may be a viable non-invasive method to asses liver fibrosis.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Probiotics in Reducing Gavage Reflux in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Farzanegan Behrooz , Torbat Bahar , Alipour Haleh , Dizaj Mehdi kazempour , Shafigh Navid
Published: November 2024

Introduction: This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed at investigating the effectiveness of probiotics in reducing gavage reflux in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. The study population includes adult ICU patients requiring enteral nutrition. Patients are randomly divided into two groups: intervention (receiving probiotic) and control (receiving placebo). The primary outcomes are the incidence and severity of gavage reflux, vomiting, and diarrhea. Secondary outcomes include the duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay. Patients' demographic and clinical information is recorded, and data are analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. It is expected that probiotics will significantly reduce gavage reflux and improve other outcomes in ICU patients. The results of this study could be useful in developing clinical guidelines and improving nutritional care for this group of patients. Methodology: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Labbafinejad Hospital. Inclusion criteria include: Adult patients (age over 18 years) admitted to the ICU requiring enteral nutrition. Exclusion criteria are: Known allergy to probiotics, inflammatory bowel disorders, and antibiotic use in the past 2 weeks. Eligible patients are randomly assigned to intervention and control groups using a random number table. The intervention group receives a daily probiotic capsule containing 10 billion live colonies of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG along with enteral nutrition. The control group receives a placebo capsule similar to the probiotic. The primary outcome is the incidence and severity of gavage reflux, which is graded based on the volume of daily reflux contents. Secondary outcomes include the incidence of vomiting, diarrhea, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU stay. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data are collected by researchers blinded to the treatment group. Data will be analyzed using SPSS software. Independent t-test will be used for comparing quantitative variables, and chi-square test for qualitative variables. Conclusion:The results of this clinical trial showed that daily administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG probiotic to ICU patients receiving enteral nutrition significantly reduced the incidence and severity of gavage reflux compared to the placebo group. Additionally, the probiotic group experienced lower rates of vomiting and diarrhea.
Integration of Inferior Vena Cava Measurements into Routine Functional Echocardiography in Preterm Neonates: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Unal Irem , Imamoglu Ebru Yalin , Ozumut Sibel Hatice , Ovali Fahri
Published: November 2024

Objective To evaluate baseline inferior vena cava measurements and investigate the clinical factors that may affect inferior vena cava diameters and hemodynamic changes during the first week of life in preterm neonates.Study Design: This prospective observational study included a consecutive cohort of 30 preterm neonates born at < 34 weeks gestation. Echocardiographic parameters and inferior vena cava diameters were measured on the postnatal 1st, 3rd, and 7th days, and inferior vena cava indices were calculated. We then compared echocardiographic and inferior vena cava parameters in different types of respiratory support.Result Baseline data of the inferior vena cava parameters were reported. The median values of the inferior vena cava collapsibility, distensibility, and respiratory variation indices did not change at different respiratory levels.Conclusion Inferior vena cava collapsibility, distensibility, and respiratory variation indices remained stable with varying levels of respiratory support. These indices might be integrated into routine hemodynamic assessment to determine preload and intravascular volume status.
TM9SF1 inhibits Colorectal Cancer Metastasis by Targeting Vimentin for Tollip-Mediated Selective Autophagic Degradation
Authors: Liu Zhibo , Wang Huifen , Hu Jia , Wang Di , Cai Yudie , Zhu Weiwei , Deng Rui , Zhang Yize , Dong Zihui , Yang Zhe , Xiao Juan , Li Ang
Published: November 2024

Selective autophagy is a finely regulated degradation pathway that can either promote or suppress cancer progression depending on its specific target cargoes. In this study, we report that transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 (TM9SF1) suppresses colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis via selective autophagic degradation of Vimentin. Tm9sf1 knockout significantly increases tumor numbers and size, as well as enhances tumor invasion in CRC model. In vitro and in vivo phenotypical analyses reveal that TM9SF1 functions as a metastasis suppressor in CRC. Mechanistically, TM9SF1 facilitates the K63-linked ubiquitination of Vimentin by the E3 ligase tripartite motif containing 21 (TRIM21). The K63-linked ubiquitination of Vimentin serves as a recognition signal for autophagic degradation mediated by autophagic cargo receptor toll interacting protein (Tollip). Consequently, the downregulation of Vimentin results in a decreased number of F-actin-rich stress fibers and filopodium-like protrusions (FLPs), ultimately inhibiting CRC metastasis. Moreover, TM9SF1 is downregulated in CRC patients with advanced stage compared to those with early stage and associated with favorable prognosis. Overall, our findings identify a novel TM9SF1-TRIM21-Tollip-Vimentin pathway involved in CRC metastasis, which may provide promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of metastatic CRC.
Effects of Different Intervention Methods on Improving the Sense of Life Meaning in Cancer Patients: a Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhong Xiaoying , Lu Weinan , Yuan Ping , Zhang Yiying , Fang Ting , Wang Meng , Wang Li , Li Peipei , Zhang Limei
Published: November 2024

Objective To evaluate the impact of different intervention programs on the sense of meaning in life for cancer patients using a network meta-analysis based on frequentist methods.
Methods We conducted a computer search of databases including Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, CNKI, China Biomedical Database, Wanfang, and Weipu for interventional studies that could enhance the sense of meaning in life for cancer patients, with related indicators as outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software. This study has been approved by the Evidence-Based Nursing Center of Fudan University, registration number: ES20220915. Results A total of 20 studies were included, with 2,355 subjects and 13 types of interventions. The network meta-analysis showed that compared to conventional nursing, mindfulness therapy, health education, life review therapy, humanistic care-based nursing programs, and meaning therapy could all enhance the sense of meaning in life for cancer patients. The ranking probability indicated that mindfulness therapy was the most effective intervention, followed by health education and life review therapy.
Conclusion Current evidence suggests that mindfulness therapy is the best intervention method for enhancing the sense of meaning in life for cancer patients. Therefore, healthcare providers should encourage and guide patients to engage in mindfulness training to improve their sense of meaning in life, enhance their physical and mental state, improve treatment outcomes and quality of life, and face life positively.
Central precocious puberty children with overweight are associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and function
Authors: Li Xiuyun , Wu Hui , Wang Xing , Han Ji , Huang Congfu
Published: November 2024

Background: Multiple studies have found that the gut microbiota(GM) of CPP children is imbalanced, and ICPP children with obesity have unique GM characteristics. However, clinical investigations have found that about 30% of ICPP children are overweight, and very few children meet the obesity criteria. Currently, there are no relevant reports on the GM of ICPP children with overweight.
Objective: This study aims to explore the changes of GM in CPP children and analyze their association with overweight.
Method: We recruited 27 children with ICPP and 23 healthy control children and tested their GM composition and function. According to BMI, ICPP children were divided into the overweight and normal groups, and the composition and function of the GM in the two groups were further compared.
Result: 1. The GM α - diversity in the ICPP group was significantly higher than that in the control group; Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed significant separation between the two groups of samples,; Compared with the control group, the abundance of bacteria that produce short chain fatty acids and degrade carbohydrates in the gut of the ICPP group was significantly increased, such as Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiracea_certae_redis, Prevotella, Parabacterioids, etc. GM of the ICPP group showed downregulation of various functions, especially carbohydrate metabolism. 2. There were no significant differences in GM α - diversity, PCA, and phylum levels between the overweight and normal groups; Compared with overweight group, the abundance of Blautia increased in the normal group, while the abundance of Gemmigerand Parasottella decreased,and metabolits of cofactors and vitamins in GM function were downregulated.
Conclusion: There are significant changes in the composition and function of GM in children with ICPP. Compared with ICPP children of normal weight, ICPP children with combined overweight have unique GM composition and function, which are related to weight.
Exploring the impact of Medicare Benefits Schedule changes on breast cancer screening in Australia
Authors: Olaleye Abiola O. , Kabir Enamul , Khanam Rasheda
Published: November 2024

Background
Breast cancer is a major global health concern, with substantial mortality and incidence rates. This study aims to assess the impact of these MBS policy changes on breast cancer screening services in Australia.
Methods
An interrupted time series (ITS) analysis, incorporating segmented regression and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models, was employed to evaluate the impact of MBS policy changes.
Results
The introduction of 3DBT led to a significant decrease in mammography scans but did not alter the total number of breast cancer screening scans. The second policy change in May 2020, restricting eligibility criteria, did not show a significant impact on the number of scans or associated benefits.
Conclusion
The study suggests that the introduction of 3DBT for breast cancer screening in Australia led to a shift in imaging modalities with associated cost increases. However, the policy change aimed at restricting eligibility criteria did not result in a significant reduction in costs.
Navigating Boundaries: Daily Dynamics of Work-Personal Life Relationship Among Digital Nomads
Authors: Carvalho Vânia , Estreder Yolanda , Chambel Maria José
Published: November 2024

Background
Digital nomads face unique challenges in maintaining a sustainable work-life balance. The fluid nature of their work, characterized by frequent changes in location and the absence of traditional workplace boundaries, can blur the lines between professional and personal life. We draw upon boundary theory and Conservation of Resources Theory to investigate how daily changes in the digital nomads’ workplace environment moderates the relationship between boundary violation and ability to maintain work-personal life segmentation. Moreover, we explore how companionship can moderate the relationship between work-personal life segmentation enactment and work-personal life balance.
Methods
A total of 96 participants completed a 9-day daily diary study. Participants created a unique personal code to ensure data matching across the daily questionnaires. This resulted in 864 data points at the within-subject level.
Results
Our analysis reveals that daily boundary violations negatively affect work-personal life segmentation, with this effect amplified for individuals experiencing greater instability in their daily work environment. Moreover, the study demonstrates that successfully adapting boundaries between work and personal life roles on a daily basis contributes to an enhanced perception of work-life balance. Notably, our findings highlight the moderating role of companionship in this relationship, suggesting that having companions can help stabilize the dynamic between daily work-personal life segmentation efforts and overall work-life balance.
Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of boundary management in supporting the work-life balance of digital nomads. The findings suggest that promoting segmented boundary management strategies and creating more structured work environments and social support could be beneficial for this growing workforce.
Evaluating Dendritic Cell Vaccination Therapy for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khanmiri Jamal Motallebzadeh , Khani-Eshratabadi Mohammad , Oskouei Mahdis Helmi , Seddighi Narjes , Haddadi Maryam , Esmaeili Sina , Khanahmad Alireza , Alizadeh Mohsen , Baghbanzadeh Amir , Baradaran Behzad
Published: November 2024

Objective
Multiple myeloma (MM) presents significant challenges in treatment, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic strategies. Standard treatments, such as chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation, have limitations, particularly regarding adverse effects and relapse rates. This systematic review aims to evaluate the potential of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination therapy as a promising approach in MM management, contributing to the expanding range of therapeutic options for this complex hematologic malignancy.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies. Strict inclusion criteria were applied to select studies within the review’s scope, and a rigorous quality assessment was performed using Cochrane risk-of-bias tools. Evaluation parameters included remission rates, survival outcomes, and immunological impacts.
Results
From an initial pool of 2,923 studies, 15 were deemed eligible for inclusion. The analysis revealed that DC vaccination therapy demonstrated efficacy in inducing both complete and partial remissions and showed potential in enhancing immune responses. Significant improvements were observed in various immune cell populations and cytokine levels, indicating a multifaceted therapeutic mechanism.
Conclusion
This review highlights the potential of DC vaccination therapy as a viable treatment option for MM. While the observed outcomes are promising, further research is necessary to refine administration protocols, optimize treatment efficacy, and ensure long-term safety and sustainability. Advancing our understanding and application of DC vaccination therapy could significantly impact MM management and improve patient outcomes by offering more effective and personalized treatment strategies.
Mixed infections with Multiple Opportunistic Pathogens Resulting in Osteolytic Destruction and Acute Respiratory Failure: A Case Report
Authors: Huang Yanmei , Zheng Fei , Cao Wenjuan , Qiu Ye , Pan Mianluan , Lin Hairong , Yu Haiqiong , Zhang Jianquan
Published: November 2024

This study reports a case of disseminated infection caused by Cryptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus, and Mycobacterium abscessus in a diabetic patient. Male, 67 years old, presented with cough, sputum production, and bone pain. Chest computed tomography revealed a cavitary lesion in the dorsal segment of the left lower lobe, and lung tissue biopsy pathology confirmed a diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis. Following antifungal therapy, the respiratory symptoms improved; however, the bone pain remained unresolved. Upon discontinuation of the medication, symptoms recurred and worsened, accompanied by fever and respiratory failure. Sputum culture revealed Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Next-generation sequencing analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid identified concurrent infections with Mycobacterium abscessus and Aspergillus fumigatus. Ultimately, the patient recovered and was discharged after targeted therapy.
Postoperative factors underlying the high recurrence rates of perforated colorectal cancer: a single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Takagi Makoto , Kim Seongcheol , Suzuki Masaomi , Takayama Tetsuyoshi , Asano Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

Background
Perforated colorectal cancer is known to exhibit a higher recurrence rate than conventional colorectal cancer; however, the reasons for this difference are unclear. This study identifies factors affecting recurrence in patients with perforated colorectal cancer who underwent R0 surgery.
Methods
Consecutive patients with stages II or III perforated colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery at a single center between 2007 and 2020 were included in this study. The comparison group consisted of patients with non-perforated, non-obstructive, conventional colorectal cancer who underwent surgery during the same period. The clinicopathological background factors (sex, age, wall depth, Ly factor, v factor, differentiation, postoperative complications, and postoperative adjuvant therapy) of perforated and conventional colorectal cancers were investigated. Factors influencing recurrence were also examined in patients who were followed up after surgery.
Results
Eighty-nine perforated and 323 non-perforated cases were included in the study. The median age was 74 and 73 years in the perforated and non-perforated groups, respectively. The perforated cases had significantly more T4-stage tumors (39% vs. 18%, p < 0.001), significantly fewer lymph node dissections (10 vs. 17, p < 0.001), and a higher rate of postoperative complications (46% vs. 7%, p < 0.001). Postoperatively, 55 perforated and 284 non-perforated cases were available for follow-up. Univariate analysis revealed that perforation, T4 stage, lymph node metastases, and postoperative complications were associated with significantly higher recurrence rates. Additionally, multivariate analysis identified T4 stage and lymph node metastases as independent risk factors. Distant metastases to the liver was the most common in both groups. However, while there was no significant difference in recurrence rates between perforation types, proximal perforation was associated with more distant recurrences, whereas peritoneal recurrences were frequent in patients with perforation of the tumor site.
Conclusions
Perforated colorectal cancer has a higher recurrence rate than conventional colorectal cancer due to its association with more advanced stages of the disease, such as T4 tumors and lymph node metastasis. Adjuvant chemotherapy can help lower recurrence rates, but understanding the risk of recurrence based on cancer stage is important. Definitive R0 surgery is recommended for perforation at the cancer site to help prevent recurrence.
Kupffer phase radiomics signature in Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasound predicts immunohistochemistry marker expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Chen , Liu Yuan , Wu Mingxiao , Dai Weide , Song Jinghai , Wang Hanzhang , Wang Yong
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Few studies have explored the value of radiomics signatures in predicting immunohistochemical (IHC) staining markers. This study aimed to investigate and validate radiomics models based on the Kupffer phase of Sonazoid contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasonography (S-CEUS) images for predicting IHC marker expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Method: Overall, 113 consecutive patients diagnosed with HCC between November 2019 and May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Histopathological assessment included IHC staining for GS, CD10, GPC3, and HSP70. Radiomic features extracted from S-CEUS images were selected and analyzed. A Naïve Bayes classifier was employed to predict IHC marker expression in HCC, using selected clinical biomarkers and radiomic features.
Results: For GPC3, the radiomics classifier achieved a macro-average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.700, indicating strong performance. For GS, both radiomics and combined clinical-radiomics classifiers exhibited strong discrimination (AUCs: 0.870 and 0.882, respectively). The radiomics classifier outperformed clinical biomarkers (total and direct bilirubin) in predicting CD10, with a macro-average AUC of 0.834. However, its accuracy decreased for higher HSP70 marker expression levels (AUC: 0.694). These findings underscore the consistent effectiveness of radiomics across different IHC markers when compared to traditional clinical approaches.
Conclusions: The Kupffer phase in the S-CEUS-based radiomics signature is an excellent biomarker for predicting IHC marker expression in patients with HCC.
The role of lipids in promoting hair growth through HIF-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Seo Jieun , Matsumoto Kotone , Nanmo Ayaka , Tu Shan , Jeong Do-Won , Chun Yang-Sook , Lei Yan , Kageyama Tatsuto , Fukuda Junji
Published: November 2024

Understanding the underlying mechanisms regulating hair regeneration is crucial, especially given the increasing demand for effective drugs to treat hair loss, which remain not fully elucidated. In the present study, we found that lipid metabolism was attenuated in the scalp tissues of patients with androgenetic alopecia. Lipid supplementation in the culture medium upregulated hair growth-related genes and promoted the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (DPCs). By using RNA-sequencing analysis and HIF-1a knockdown in DPCs, we found that HIF-1a is a potential candidate that governs lipid-reinforced upregulation of trichogenic genes. Finally, we assessed the hair growth-promoting effects of lipids using in vitro hair follicle organoids and found that lipids accelerated the elongation of hair-shaft-like structures. Our results highlight the importance of lipids in promoting hair growth through HIF-1 signaling, suggesting that this may be a promising target for the treatment of hair loss.
Case Report: Smudge Cells a Valuable Prognostic Marker in Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Kapshikar Rajvardhan
Published: November 2024

Infectious mononucleosis is a very common infection. It is mostly caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) belonging to herpesviridae or sometimes by the other member, Cytomegalovirus (CMV). It spreads through saliva. It has typical symptoms like fever, extreme fatigue, sore throat and tonsillitis, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, skin rashes, body ache, and obstruction in the upper respiratory tract, enlarged spleen and liver. It can have other complications like anemia, encephalitis, meningitis, inflammation of the kidney, heart muscles, and rupture of the spleen. Laboratory diagnosis is costly. The physician may order heterophile antibody tests (mono-test), EBV or CMV specific antibody tests, and viral DNA load. Financially weaker patients do not want to go for such tests. In this study we suggest careful observation of a blood smear for atypical lymphocytes and smudge cells (Downey cells) could also be the cheapest way to look at the problem, although it is not a confirmatory test.
Diabetes and Forgone Medical Care due to Cost in the U.S. (2011-2015): Individual-level and Placed-based Disparities
Authors: Towne Jr Samuel D. , Bolin Jane , Ferdinand Alva O. , Nicklett Emily Joy , Smith Matthew Lee , Callaghan Timothy H. , Ory Marcia G.
Published: November 2024

Diabetes, particularly Type 2 diabetes, affects millions of Americans with a particular burden placed on more vulnerable populations. Underlying factors (e.g., residing in low-resource rural areas) may contribute to poor health-related outcomes for persons with diabetes. This study used 2011-2015 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), to investigate trends in diabetes rates and forgone medical care among persons with diabetes in the U.S. and to identify geographic determinants (i.e., place-based) and other social determinants of health disparities. Results indicate that both the southern U.S. and rural areas faced a greater burden of diagnosed diabetes. Areas that failed to expand Medicaid through the Affordable Care Act may face a greater burden of both diabetes and forgone medical care due to cost among those with diagnosed diabetes. This study highlighted the critical role that both individual-level and place-based (i.e., geospatial factors), namely region and rurality, play in diabetes and forgone medical care. Practical applications of this study include a call for increased focus on prevention, diagnosis, and diabetes self-care education and proper maintenance of diabetes among at-risk populations.
Rural Urban Variation in Travel Burden for Care: Findings from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey
Authors: Akinlotan Marvellous , Primm Kristin , Khodakarami Nima , Bolin Jane , Ferdinand Alva O.
Published: November 2024

Using National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data, this project examines differences in travel patterns to medical and dental care in the U.S. based on the rurality classification, socio-demographic, and geographic characteristics of the survey population. Findings indicate that the average distance traveled for medical and dental care has changed little since the last analysis of NHTS data in 2001. The findings did note that among rural residents, Blacks and Hispanics, older residents, those with low incomes, those who seek care during night hours, and those who live in the Midwest census region bear a disproportionate burden of travel for care.
Rural-Urban Variation in Travel Burden for Care: Findings from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey
Authors: Akinlotan Marvellous , Primm Kristin , Khodakarami Nima , Bolin Jane , Ferdinand Alva O.
Published: November 2024

Using National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data, this project examines differences in travel patterns to medical and dental care in the U.S. based on the rurality classification, socio-demographic, and geographic characteristics of the survey population. Findings indicate that the average distance traveled for medical and dental care has changed little since the last analysis of NHTS data in 2001. The findings did note that among rural residents, Blacks and Hispanics, older residents, those with low incomes, those who seek care during night hours, and those who live in the Midwest census region bear a disproportionate burden of travel for care.
Trends in Singleton Preterm Birth by Rural Status in the U.S., 2012-2018
Authors: Perez-Patron Maria J. , Page Robin L. , Olowolaju Samson , Taylor Brandie D.
Published: November 2024

This study examines singleton preterm birth rates from 2012-2018 by rurality and census region using birth certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics. The data showed preterm singleton birth rates were consistently higher in rural versus urban areas across all race and ethnic groups, payment sources for delivery, and persons participating in the Women, Infants, and Children program. The increased risk for infant and maternal mortality and morbidity in rural areas highlights the importance of health assistance programs for pregnant women, mothers, and children in these rural communities.
Cancer Mortality in Rural America
Authors: Callaghan Timothy H. , Ferdinand Alva O. , Towne Jr Samuel D. , Akinlotan Marvellous , Primm Kristin , Bolin Jane
Published: November 2024

For scholars and policymakers alike, understanding the burden of cancer on society is a critical topic for investigation. Cancer consistently ranks as the second leading cause of death in the U.S., and cancers of the prostate, breast, lung, and colorectal areas are particularly problematic. This policy brief works to understand the scope of cancer mortality in urban and rural areas of the U.S. and across census regions. It finds that age-adjusted mortality rates are higher for lung, prostate, and colon cancer in rural areas than in urban areas but also that mortality rates are lower for breast and cervical cancers in rural areas than in urban areas. In addition, this brief identifies important discrepancies in cancer mortality across regions, with lower rates in the West for all analyzed cancer types except prostate cancer, and higher rates for most cancers in the rural South.
NIKOLAY GORELOV’S PERSONAL CARD INDEX: THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN EAST AND WEST IN THE CONTEXT OF THE OLD PRINTED BOOKS OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LIBRARY
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences Library, Zhabreva Sofiia A.
Published: November 2024

The article considers Nikolay Gorelov’s personal card index. Nikolay Gorelov (1973– 2008) was the Russian historian, research scientist of the Russian Academy of Sciences Library and a lecturer at St. Petersburg State University, the author of numerous scientific publications, popular science publications and translations. The first part of the article describes the activities of N. Gorelov: the range of his scientific interests is outlined, the variety of topics in his publications is clearly demonstrated, the results of his scientific and library activities are assessed, etc. His card index is a unique selection of European early printed editions of the 16th–18th centuries, stored in the RASL funds. All publications are selected on one topic — European old printed books about the East countries. The article proves the exceptional value of the material contained in the card index and demonstrates its relevance, which is inextricably linked with the need to publish the card index as a separate bibliographic publication.
ARTISTIC MINIATURES IN THE QAJAR MANUSCRIPT OF JAMI’S POEM “YUSUF AND ZULAIKHA” FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE ORIENTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE GORKY SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY OF ST. PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Choriev Shakhzod Kholtura ugli
Published: November 2024

The collection of the Oriental Department of the Gorky Scientific Library of St. Petersburg State University has over 600 Persian manuscripts. Among them are two illustrated copies of ‘Abd al-Rahman Jami’s (1414–1492) poem “Yusuf and Zulaikha”. One manuscript is decorated with miniatures in the Kashmiri style of the 17th–18th centuries (Ms. O. 933), and the other belongs to the first half of the 19th century and contains a large number of miniatures in a style characteristic of the Qajar dynasty in Iran (Ms. O. 638). This article is devoted to the second of the mentioned manuscripts, decorated in the traditions of the Qajar style, illuminated and ornamented with 26 miniatures. In our study, we attempted to determine the subjects of the miniatures in this manuscript, make its bibliographic and codicological analysis, and assess the completeness of the text. As a result of the study, it was determined that the miniatures in the manuscript belong to the Qajar period and are examples of the early Qajar style; no lacunae were found in the text.
AFGHAN COINS AND AWARDS MADE AT THE LENINGRAD MINT
Authors:   LLC “ArTTida”, Moiseenko Nikita S.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the data obtained by studying the funds of the Leningrad Mint (LMD) stored in the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg. In 1979–1981 more than 120 million exchange coins of five denominations (25 and 50 puls, 1, 2 and 5 afghani) were produced for Afghanistan, and in 1991 — 10.5 thousand commemorative copper- nickel coins of 100 afghani denomination, with the surface quality “proof”, dedicated to the FIFA World Cup. From 1979 to 1991, 52 thousand Afghan awards were issued, including six orders and three types of medals. In 1987–1990, LMD produced more than 250 pennants dedicated to the joint flight of cosmonauts of the USSR and Afghanistan.
HANDWRITTEN MATERIALS OF I. P. KORNILOV AS A SOURCE ON TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND PERSIA DURING THE REIGN OF NICHOLAS I
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yanushkevich Elizaveta Yu.
Published: November 2024

The article contains an analysis of the archival source “Manuscripts of scientific and journalistic works of Kornilov I. P. and materials for them” from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive, which tells about the details of Russian-Persian trade relations at the end of the reign of Nicholas I. The article discusses the features of the silk trade, trade routes, composition of exports and imports. Attention is paid to the activities of the Moscow House for Trade with Asia through Astrabad.
THE DISPUTE BETWEEN BISHOP NICHOLAS (KASATKIN) AND SANO TSUNEHIKO ON SEPTEMBER 21, 1884: REGARDED ON THE BASE OF JAPANESE AND RUSSIAN PRIMARY SOURCES
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bertova Anna D.
Published: November 2024

The article aims at analyzing the religious dispute between St. Nicholas of Japan (Bishop Nikolay Kasatkin), a Russian Orthodox missionary to Japan, and Sano Tsunehiko, a founder of a new Shinto-based religion Shinri-kyo, allegedly conducted on September 21, 1884. The dispute is of considerable interest, because it can be helpful while researching the religious situation in Japan during the Meiji period, as well as the history of the Russian Orthodox Mission in the country. The article investigates primary sources concerning the dispute on both sides, the Japanese and Russian, available at the moment, and proposes different variations of the discussion and its meaning. The author comes to the conclusion that a unilateral perspective usually used while describing the dispute in Japanese and Western research tradition is not the only possible one, and the analysis of Russian primary sources on the topic casts doubt not only on the description of the dispute, but also on the fact of the encounter of St. Nicholas Kasatkin and Sano Tsunehiko itself.
HOU RENZHI AND MODERNIZATION OF CHINESE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Donskaia Aleksandra E.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the development of the methodology of Chinese historical geography in the 1950–1960s and the role of the famous scholar Hou Renzhi in this process, the sources of Hou Renzhi’s new approach to historical-geographical research are investigated. The main points of two of Hou Renzhi’s most representative articles on the methodology, "Discussing the Course 'Evolutionary Geography of China'" (1950) and "My [Humble] Thoughts on Historical Geography" (1962), are compared with the ideas presented in the articles of the English scholar C. Darby and the Soviet scholar V. K. Yatsunsky. The comparison shows that although Hou Renzhi relied primarily on the methodology of C. Darby, the need to bring Western concepts in line with Marxist theory determined some convergence of his approaches with those of the Soviet scholar Hou Renzhi played a decisive role in creating a solid theoretical and methodological basis for modern Chinese historical geography, selecting the most advanced ideas for the mid-20th century and combining them with the traditions and experience of Chinese science.
THE BIOGRAPHY OF BAO SI, THE SPOUSE OF THE KING YOU OF ZHOU, IN THE CONTEXT OF NIEBIZHUAN, A PART OF LIENUZHUAN BY LIU XIANG
Authors:   V. N. Tatishchev Gymnasium no. 108, Kirichenko Anastasiia D.
Published: November 2024

In the article there is a study of the biography of Bao Si 褒姒, King You of Zhou’s 周幽 王 second wife, in the context of Niebizhuan 孽嬖傳, — the volume of biographical corpus Lienüzhuan 列女傳 by the Han scholar and litterateur Liu Xiang 劉向. The author set himself the task of identifying phrases that characterise Bao Si, comparing them with records about other depraved favourites, and finding out which female images of Niebizhuan are closest to the image of Bao Si and which biographies are the most textually close to the biographical note about her. A comparative analysis revealed that among the biographies of “favourites bearing calamities”, the note about Bao Si is the only one containing a fantastic element of the narrative. We suppose that by rewriting the story about the dragon ancestors of Bao Si, Liu Xiang rather expressed respect for the authority of the historical monuments he used, but did not need this story to support his argument against King You of Zhou’s favourite. Removing the backstory of Bao Si’s birth would not have affected the persuasiveness of the story, for the portrait of Bao Si already contains typical (according to Liu Xiang) features of a destroyer of state. Secondly, in Niebizhuan, the biography of Bao Si most of all echoes the biographies of Mo Xi and Da Ji. In these three biographies Liu Xiang in similar terms outlined the relationship between sovereigns and their favourites, enriching the text with such and psychological and everyday details that we do not find in the sources that Liu Xiang used and that have survived to the present day. By adding these details, the Han scholar and litterateur not only gave coherence and completeness to his story, he also, what is even more important, achieved the effect of mutual reinforcement of the impression made by separate biographies.
THE EVOLUTION OF UNDERSTANDING THE NEW HISTORY OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN SOVIET HIGH SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Grigorieva Svetlana V.
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of Soviet university textbooks on the new history of Asian and African countries. The emphasis is on presenting the history of the countries of the African continent in them, which is the scientific novelty of this study. Consideration in the article of three generations of textbooks, prepared mainly by scientists of the Moscow school of orientalists, allows us to conclude that this type of educational literature played an important role in the formation of knowledge of students of the former Soviet Union in African studies, the study of which in universities was subordinated to the general tasks of the development of Soviet oriental studies. It can be considered a merit of Soviet Africanists that for the first time in world science they began to consider African peoples as the subject of a historical process; as part of the world revolutionary movement; in the fact that they put forward new topics for their research work: questions of the disintegration of traditional society, the formation of classes, the forms and methods of colonial expansion and the organization of the struggle for social and national liberation. The material presented in the textbooks on the history of the Black Continent is characterized by the breadth of coverage of events, the depth and originality of the disclosure of the problems of the history of Africa. Textbooks are supplied with illustrations, maps, chronological tables. The shortcomings include the ideological orientation of educational literature for higher education, with an emphasis on the colonial policy of European countries and forms of protest against “colonizers and exploiters”; insufficient attention to the issues of ethnography, demography, spiritual life, culture and art, traditional crafts and way of life of African peoples, which remained outside the field of view of the authors.
SELECTED TOPONYMS FROM THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN, BISHOP OF NIKIU
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Khizhniakova Stanislava O. , Frantsouzoff Serge A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: November 2024

In this paper authors examines five Egyptian toponyms from the Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu: Babylon, Shubra, Tavenna, Rīf and Arcadia. They pay attention to the historical context and dig into the problems of etymology and phonetic transmission of geographical names through different languages of the Chronicle: possible original language (Greek or Coptic), the language of first translation (Arabic) and the language of subsequent translation (Ge’ez). Moreover, the authors underline how analysis of toponyms can help with determining the original language of the Chronicle and speculates on this question basing on the toponyms presented in this paper.