bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling daytime and nighttime secondary organic aerosol formation via multiphase reactions of biogenic hydrocarbons
Authors: Han Sanghee , Jang Myoseon
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The daytime oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons is attributed to both OH radicals and O3, while nighttime chemistry is dominated by the reaction with O3 and NO3 radicals. Here, daytime and nighttime patterns of
secondary organic aerosol (SOA) originating from biogenic hydrocarbons were
predicted under varying environmental conditions (temperature, humidity,
sunlight intensity, NOx levels, and seed conditions) by using the
UNIfied Partitioning Aerosol phase Reaction (UNIPAR) model, which comprises
multiphase gas–particle partitioning and in-particle chemistry. The products
originating from the atmospheric oxidation of three different hydrocarbons
(isoprene, α-pinene, and β-caryophyllene) were predicted by
using extended semi-explicit mechanisms for four major oxidants (OH,
O3, NO3, and O(3P)) during day and night. The resulting
oxygenated products were then classified into volatility–reactivity-based
lumping species. The stoichiometric coefficients associated with lumping
species were dynamically constructed under varying NOx levels, and they were applied to the UNIPAR SOA model. The predictability of
the model was demonstrated by simulating chamber-generated SOA data under
varying environments. For daytime SOA formation, both isoprene and α-pinene were dominated by the OH-radical-initiated oxidation showing a gradual increase in SOA yields with decreasing NOx levels. The nighttime isoprene SOA formation was processed mainly by the NO3-driven oxidation, yielding higher SOA mass than daytime at higher NOx level (isoprene / NOx < 5 ppb C ppb−1). At a given amount of ozone, the oxidation to produce the nighttime α-pinene SOA gradually transited from the NO3-initiated reaction to ozonolysis as NOx levels decreased. Nighttime α-pinene SOA yields were also significantly higher than daytime SOA yields, although the nighttime α-pinene SOA yields gradually decreased with decreasing NOx levels. β-Caryophyllene, which rapidly produced SOA with high yields, showed a relatively small variation in SOA yields from changes in environmental conditions (i.e., NOx levels, seed conditions, and sunlight intensity), and its SOA formation was mainly attributed to ozonolysis day and night. The daytime SOA formation was generally more sensitive to the aqueous reactions than the nighttime SOA because the daytime chemistry produced more highly oxidized multifunctional products. The simulation of α-pinene SOA in the presence of gasoline fuel, which can compete with α-pinene for the reaction with OH radicals in typical urban air, suggested more growth of α-pinene SOA by the enhanced ozonolysis path. We concluded that the oxidation of the biogenic hydrocarbon with O3 or NO3 radicals is a source of the production of a sizable amount of nocturnal SOA, despite the low emission at night.
Physicochemical properties of charcoal aerosols derived from biomass pyrolysis affect their ice-nucleating abilities at cirrus and mixed-phase cloud conditions
Authors: Mahrt Fabian , Rösch Carolin , Gao Kunfeng , Dreimol Christopher H. , Zawadowicz Maria A. , Kanji Zamin A.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles play a key role in air pollution, health, and climate. Particles from biomass burning emissions are an important source of ambient aerosols, have increased over the past few decades, and are projected to further surge in the future as a result of climate and land use changes. Largely as a result of the variety of organic fuel materials and combustion types, particles emitted from biomass burning are often complex mixtures of inorganic and organic materials, with soot, ash, and charcoal having previously been identified as main particle types being emitted. Despite their importance for climate, their ice nucleation
activities remain insufficiently understood, in particular for charcoal
particles, whose ice nucleation activity has not been reported. Here, we
present experiments of the ice nucleation activities of 400 nm size-selected charcoal particles, derived from the pyrolysis of two different biomass fuels, namely a grass charcoal and a wood charcoal. We find that the pyrolysis-derived charcoal types investigated do not contribute to ice formation via immersion freezing in mixed-phase cloud conditions. However, our results reveal considerable heterogeneous ice nucleation activity of both charcoal types at cirrus temperatures. An inspection of the ice nucleation results together with dynamic vapor sorption measurements indicates that cirrus ice formation proceeds via pore condensation and freezing. We find wood charcoal to be more ice-active than grass charcoal at cirrus temperatures. We attribute this to the enhanced porosity and water uptake capacity of the wood compared to the grass charcoal. In support of the results, we found a positive correlation of the ice nucleation activity of the wood charcoal particles and their chemical composition, specifically the presence of (inorganic) mineral components, based on single-particle mass spectrometry measurements. Even though correlational in nature, our results corroborate recent findings that ice-active minerals could largely govern the aerosol–cloud interactions of particles emitted from biomass burning emissions.
Bronzo incandescente. Dalla statua equestre di Mussolini a Il partigiano e la partigiana di Luciano Minguzzi
Authors: Guidotti Gianluca , Sangiovanni Enrica , Pirazzoli Elena , Nannini Sofia
Published: January 2023

In 1929, an equestrian statue of Mussolini – made with the bronze of cannons stolen from the Austrian troops on August 8th, 1848 – was placed at the base of the Maratona tower, in the Littoriale stadium of Bologna. Torn down by the citizens after July 25th, 1943, its fragments had different destinies. After the war, the part representing the horse was melted and gave shape to two different statues by sculptor Luciano Minguzzi, depicting a boy and a girl, both partisans active in the Italian Resistance movement.
Study the effect of different levels of aqueous extract of licorice on the carcass traits of Chinese ducks
Authors: Mohammed Athraa
Published: January 2023

This study was carried out at a private farm for duck breeding in Al-Muthanna Governorate, from 14/12/2021 to 14/2/2022. The field experiment was included to study the effect of adding aqueous extract of licorice to drinking water on the carcass trait from Chinese ducks. A total 60 unsexed, Chinese duck chicks one-day old were used, prepared from one of AlQadisiyah Governorate hatcheries, the chicks were distributed randomly to 4 treatments, included 3 replicates, (5 chicks each replicate), the treatments were as follows: T1: control treatment (without addition). T2, T3 and T4 treatments were 5, 10 and 15 ml aqueous extract of licorice /liter of drinking water, respectively. The results showed a significant improvement in all characteristics of the studied carcass (dressing percentage with and without geblet, the ratio of main and secondary cuts), when aqueous licorice extract is added to drinking water, in addition to the high level of water licorice extract (15 ml of licorice per liter of drinking water), which gave the best results and significantly.
Effect of different levels of oxytetracycline antibiotics on some intestine and immune traits of Chinese ducks
Authors: Mousa Mohammed
Published: January 2023

This study was conducted in the field of poultry, Agricultural Research and Experiments Station, College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, from 14/12/2021 to 14/2/2022. A total of Sixty one-day-old Peking ducks were reared, with an average weight of 42 g, to study the effect of adding different levels of oxytetracycline antibiotics at levels: 0, 0.125, 0.250 and T4 0.375% on some intestinal and immune traits of Chinese ducks. The results indicated a significant superiority remove on the relative weight and length of the small intestine with all its parts (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) for Chinese ducks when using the antibiotic oxytetracycline antibiotics, it was described as a growth stimulator compared to the control treatment. The addition of the antibiotic oxytetracycline antibiotics at high levels (0.375 mg/kg feed) led to a significant improvement remove of the immunological characteristics represented by the relative weight of bursa gland compared to the control treatment
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF CUCUMBER CROP IN GREENHOUSES USING THE NORMALIZED PROFIT FUNCTION IN THE PROVINCE OF BABYLON
Authors: O. H Walaa.
Published: January 2023

The research aims to study the relative economic efficiency of the agricultural resources used to produce the cucumber crop in greenhouses, as the modified profit function method was used to assess the relative economic efficiency of a random sample of cucumber farms in greenhouses in the province of Babylon, amounting to 90 farms for the season 2021, as the number of house holders reached 956. In the province of Babylon, the results of the study of the dual production function showed that greenhouse farms achieved increasing capacity returns through the value of the capacity return of 1.226, while the binary production function obtained from the normalized profit function after the introduction of the project size gave higher capacity returns depending on the capacity return value of 1.414 and this This is due to the fact that the small farms achieved an optimum combination of the resources used and thus reflected in achieving the economic efficiency of those farms. Cucumber production in the homes is less relative in the use of economic resources compared to small farms, a study has shown. The study recommends the need to redistribute production resources, to benefit from them in achieving the economic efficiency of those resources. This will be reflected in increasing the efficiency of vegetable production in greenhouses on the one hand, and reducing production costs on the other hand.Keywords: polixal 20-8, seaweed extract (Algaren), soil salinity, yield of eggplant Solanum melongena L.
The effect of different tillage systems and fertilizer combinations on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) growth and some of yield components and its weed Competition
Authors: Hussain Sabreen
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the agricultural season 2020-2021, at the agricultural extension station in Al-Najmi district, 43 km northeast of the , the center of Al-Muthanna Governorate, to determine the effect of tillage depths and different fertilizer combinations on some traits of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and its weed competition. The experiment was applied according to the arrangement of the split block by two factors using the (RCBD) design and with three replicates. The first factor; four treatments of the tillage systems (0, 10, 20 and 30 cm). The second factor; fertilizer combinations with the control treatment (P0 K0 ,P25 K30 ,P50 K60,, P75 K90,P100K120 kg ha-1). The results of the study showed a significant difference for the treatments of tillage systems in most of the studied traits, weed decreased. The treatment of tillage depth of 10 cm was superior in giving the highest average concentration of nitrogen and phosphorous in the plant. The results also showed the superiority of the fertilizer combination F4 in giving the highest average concentration of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in the plant.
Effect of adding different levels of ginger oil Zingibar officinale to the diets of common carp Cyprinus Carpio L. on some blood traits
Authors: Al-Hussaini Ali
Published: January 2023

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of using different levels of ginger oil Zingibar officinale to diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. on some blood traits, were reared at experimental cages inside an earthen pond in the first agricultural research and experiment station of the College of Agriculture in Umm Al-Akaf area in Al-Muthanna Governorate, the experiment lasted for 82 days from 1/10/2021to 20/12/2021, including the 10-day acclimation period. A total of 80 common carp fish, with an average weight of 77±0.56gm, were brought, it was distributed randomly to four treatments with four replicates, each replicate 5 fishes. The fish were fed on experimental diets divided into four equal treatments of protein content and different in the proportions of adding ginger oil, the percentage of oil added to the treatments was 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1%, respectively, the fish were fed on the experimental diets at 5% of the live weight, divided into 4 meals a day, then reduced to 3% of the live weight, and it was divided into 3 meals per day. The results related to the hematological and biochemical parameters of the experimental fish were shown, there were significant (P≤0.05) differences between the treatments, control treatment was superior on white blood cells number compare with the other treatments, while the fish of the third treatment recorded a significant superiority on red blood cells number compare other treatments, control treatment also recorded a significant superiority on hemoglobin concentration, T3 treatment was significantly superior on PCV. As for the biochemical parameters of the blood, the fish of the control treatment recorded a significant superiority in the concentration of albumin and glucose in the blood.
Response of different cultivars of wheat Triticum aestivum L. to spraying by growth regulator (Ethephon)
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Aqil
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was carried out at Al-Hartha Research Station, which is one of the agricultural fields of the College of Agriculture, University of Basra (30 km north of the center of Basra Governorate), during the winter season 2021-2022. In order to study the effect of spraying by growth regulator (ethephon) at a concentration of 2.25 ml l-1 at tillering and elongation stages on growth, yield and quality of ten cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Al-Baraka, Al-Rasheed, Ibaa-99, Babil, Mawaddah, Bohouth-22, Bengal, Jad, Wafeya and Jihan), a factorial experiment was applied according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that wheat cultivars differed significantly in most of the character of the study. The cultivar Bohuth-22 recorded the highest grain yield and harvest index of 5.652 t ha-1 and 35.21%, respectively, due to its superiority in spikes number of 395.00 spikes m, but did not differ significantly from the two cultivars Mawaddah and Al Baraka in grain yield, as they recorded 5.323 and 5.085 t ha -1 respectively as a result of their superiority in one or more of the yield components. The results also showed the superiority of the Babil cultivar in the qualitative character, as it recorded the highest percentage of wet protein and gluten, with an average of 13.43 and 32.78% for the traits, respectively. The results showed that spraying wheat plants by ethephon increased spikes number per m², grains number per spike, and 1000 grains weight. This was reflected in an increase in the grain yield, with an average of 5.043 t ha-1, the highest protein content in an average of (13.63%). The spraying of ethephon positively increased the proportion of wet gluten in wheat grains. The effect of the interaction between the cultivars and spraying with ethephon on spikes number and percentage of wet gluten. The combination between cultivar Bohuth-22 and the plants sprayed by ethephon was superior in spikes number per m, with an average of 452 spikes m-1, and the combination between cultivar Babel and plants sprayed with ethephon excelled in the percentage of wet gluten in the grains 37.34 %.
Effect of different levels of nutmeg on some blood parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Miteib Ahmed
Published: January 2023

This study was aimed to the effect of different levels of nutmeg on some blood parameters of common carp, it was conducted at special cages in mud pond, Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, Animal Production Department, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University at Samawa city. A total of 100 common carp fish, Cyprinus carpio L. were brought from a private fish rearing lake in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, Al-Mihnawiya District, with an average weight of 94 g. 80 fish were selected and distributed randomly and evenly to the experimental cages, put in each cage 5 fish for the purpose of acclimatization, the fish persisted during the acclimatization period, which amounted to 10 days, were starved for one day and then fed with 1% of the weight of the live mass in each tank at the rate of two meals per day. The four treatments were T1 control, T2 0.005%, T3 0.01% and T4 0.015% nutmeg. The results showed that there were no significant differences on the blood traits (hemoglobin concentration, Packed Cell Volume, red and white blood cells), also, there were no significant differences in the biochemical blood traits (total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose).
Effect of Packaging Poultry Carcass Pieces with Fortified Collagen Proteins on the Chemical Properties of Meat Frozen Stored for Different Storage Periods
Authors: AL-Busalim Narges
Published: January 2023

This study was conducted in the Department of Animal Production / College of Agriculture / University of Basra for the period from 19/12/2021 to 10/5/2022, which aims to prepare collagen proteins fortified with lysozyme protein and cinnamon oil in the laboratory in the packaging of broiler carcasses (chest) by immersion method and study of chemical composition when freezing, collagen extraction according to Mohd et el.,(2012) . I took 60 pieces of chicken breast which were obtained from local markets in Basra and are fresh. As these segments were divided into four coefficients, each treatment has three replicates and each repeater consists of 5 segments of the chest, these segments were immersed in the prepared collagen proteins and according to the following treatments: T0- Treatment of control coated polyethylene bags only T1- Chest cutters coated with collagen only T2 - Chest cutters coated with collagen fortified with cinnamon oil T3- Chest cutters coated with collagen fortified with lysozyme enzyme The treatments were stored by freezing at a temperature of -18 ° C at (0, 15, 30, 45) days and the composition of the meat (moisture, fat, protein , ash) was studied and the results showed a decrease in the percentage of moisture lost and the percentage of fat and high percentage of protein in the third and fourth treatment compared to the control treatment with the progress of storage periods. Keywords :- Collagen, Cut-to-The-Chest, Cinnamon Oil
The effect of added the Iraqi probiotics to diet on some blood traits of Chinese ducks
Authors: Marzouk Alaa
Published: January 2023

This study was conducted in one of the private fields, from 6/12/2021 to 2/2/2022, to determine the effect of adding the Iraqi bio-enhancer to feed on some blood traits of Chinese ducks. A total of 75 unsexed one-day-old chicks of Chinese ducks, it was randomly distributed to 5 treatments with 3 replicates for each treatment (5 chicks for each replicate). The treatments were as follows; T1: control treatment, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were added the Iraqi probiotic at levels of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 g/ kg of the basal diet, respectively. The results indicate a significant increase in glucose and LDL cholesterol albumin, globulin, total protein, calcium and phosphorous and a decrease in triglycerides, with no significant differences in HDL.
Effect different levels of safflower seed powder to the diets on some histological traits to the diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Abdul-jabbar Fatima
Published: January 2023

The study was conducted at special cages in mud pond, Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, Animal Production Department, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, to study the partial replacement of safflower seed powder by levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15%, in the diets, instead barley and yellow corn, and the effects on the growth and blood parameters of common carp fish. The experiment was designed as four treatments with four replicates for each treatment (five fish/ replicate). The study included the effect of seeds on the histological parameters of carp fish, where the results showed histological examination of the organs of the liver, kidneys and gills, treatments of safflower seed powder fed at 5%, 10%, and 15% improved compared to T1 treatment. We conclude from this study the possibility of adding raw safflower seed powder by 10% to the diets of common carp fish Cyprinus carpio L.
Presença Karajá:
Authors: Garcia Indyanelle
Published: January 2023

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta os entrecruzamentos decoloniais percebidos a partir de minha participação no projeto de pesquisa “Presença Karajá: cultura material, tramas e trânsitos coloniais”, originado na Universidade Federal de Goiás em 2017; somado às contribuições da disciplina “Interculturalidade crítica, transdiciplinaridade e metodologias decoloniais”, ministrada pelo Prof. Elias Nazareno no Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da UFG, no segundo semestre de 2020. Estudos que envolvem a colonialidade/decolonialidade têm sido cada vez mais crescentes, no intuito de desnaturalizar e superar a perspectiva eurocêntrica hegemônica dos modelos sociais, políticos, econômicos e culturais que nos circundam. O que parecia ser um projeto com objetivo principal de mapear, identificar e analisar as coleções de bonecas ritxòkò presentes em acervos de museus nacionais e internacionais; promoveu debates, reflexões e desdobramentos sensíveis a partir da colaboração de pesquisadores indígenas e não indígenas, pertencentes a diversos países e campos do saber. Este estudo analisa essa experiência transdisciplinar em um viés decolonial, e se alicerça na revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, nos debates entre os pesquisadores envolvidos, e nos desdobramentos que acrescentam novos objetivos e perspectivas ao projeto.
American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the population of the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil: a 2007–2015 time series analysis
Authors: Da Costa Moreira Analdemyra , De Souza Orivaldo Florencio , De Oliveira Cardoso Cristiane
Published: January 2023

American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a public health problem in the State of Acre. This study analyses the incidence of all forms of ATL time series in the human population from 2007 to 2015. This time series ecological study investigated the incidence of all forms of ATL in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Data on the number of cases of all forms of ATL diagnosed from 2007 to 2015 were collected from the secondary Health Surveillance Board database, Rio Branco City Health Department. Prais–Winsten regression was used to analyze the trends in ATL incidence. Subsequently, the annual percent change (APC) was estimated. The incidence of disease remained stationary during the studied period, except in the age group from 15 to 19 years old with an increase in the annual variation percentage (APC: 6,48%; IC95%: 1,67; 11,53) and a decline between 20 and 34 years old (APC: -15,41%; IC95%: -18,57; -12,13) and 35 and 49 years old (APC: -8,52%; IC95%: -14,63; -1,97). There was a higher frequency of cases between 2007 and 2015 in the cutaneous form, entry of new cases, evolution to cure, and diagnosis by clinical-laboratory procedures. In conclusion, there was a high disease incidence during the studied period. Additionally, an increase in the ATL incidence in the younger age group and a decrease in the ATL incidence in the middle age groups were observed.
KEY WORDS: Cutaneous leishmaniasis; time series study; incidence.
Occurrence of parasites in the soil of public squares in Veranópolis, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Bataglion Ana Carolina , Dalzochio Thaís
Published: January 2023

Human health is threatened by diseases transmitted between animals and humans, denominated zoonoses. Public parks and squares are environments used by the population and easily accessed by domestic and stray animals. The contact of dogs and cats with the soil from those places may favor the transmission of zoonoses to humans. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of parasites in the soil of public squares in the city of Veranópolis in Rio Grande do Sul State. Forty sand samples were collected in four squares throughout the months of December 2021, January, February and March 2022. The samples were processed by the Hoffman, Pons and Janer (HPJ) and Rugai methods. The results showed that 32.5% (13/40) of samples were positive for the presence of parasitic structures. Nematode larvae, including hookworm, were the most prevalent parasitic structures in the samples. In addition, Capillaria sp. eggs, Strongyloides sp. larvae, free-living larvae and Entamoeba coli cysts were also found. Two collections conducted after rainy days had a higher rate of contamination. The presence of parasites was observed in both superficial and deep samples. Therefore, the presence of parasites in the sand of Veranópolis’ public squares demonstrates that there is a risk of parasitic infection for the local population.
KEY WORDS: Animals; parasites; soil; squares; zoonoses.
Maastrichtian dinoflagellate cysts from north Bulgaria - taxonomy, biostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental interpretations
Authors: Pavlishina Polina
Published: January 2023

Maastrichtian dinoflagellate cyst assemblages are documented for the first time from four sections in North Bulgaria. 20 species belonging to 16 genera are fully described. The new combination Trithyrodinium trendallii (Cookson & Eisenack) is proposed. The obtained dinocyst assemblages are palynologycally distinctive and easily correlated with the biostratigraphycally well-controlled dinocyst framework established for Western Europe and the type Maastrichtian area. They indicate Triblastula utinensis Zone in the investigated sections. The age of the zone is from the middle part of the Early Maastrichtian to the early part of the Late Maastrichtian. The changes in the composition of the dinocysts assemblages in the section at Darmanci are related to depositional environments. The Kunino Formation is considered to represent a quite energy depositional environment, realized in a partially enclosed inshore basin. This formation contains rich, but uniform dinocyst assemblages represent only by two species. The Mezdra Formation which represents a more open marine depositional environment contains rich, diverse and well preserved dinocyst assemblages.
Condition of formation of the Alpine structure of the North-Western Caucasus
Authors: Giorgobiani Tamaz
Published: January 2023

Regularities of the inner structure of the Alpine edifice of North-Western Caucasus are found out. It is demonstrated that the main characteristic feature of this structure is the domination of lineations end elongation in north-west direction as well as the south-west vergency of the folds. Another peculiarity of this region is the zonality of the folded structure revealed by decrease of intensity of folding from South-West to North-East. A wide distribution of interference folding structures is established within the limits of the Southern slope. The conditions of formation of the present structure are reconstructed. The leading role of tangential forces, oriented from South-West to North-East, is revealed; they occurred as a result of underthrusting of the Black Sea – Transcaucasian Median Mass under the Great Caucasus. A change of the deformation plan from North-East to submeridional is established. Such underthrusting might be controlled by the rapprochement of the Arabian plate to the Scythian platform during the Alpine stage of evolution of North-Western Caucasus.
Computer-aided maturity modelling predict hydrocarbon generation history of unrecovered formations in Dolna Kamchija region, Western Black Sea Basin
Authors: Chuparova Ellie , Suzuki Noriyuki
Published: January 2023

The personal computer-aided basin modelling system (MAT 98) was applied to predict maturation and oil generation history of formations in areas at early stage of exploration in Dolna Kamchija region – Paleogene sequence in the Black Sea shelf zone and Mesozoic sequence offshore (borehole R-64, Longoza). The sequences represent different stages in development of the basin, providing good examples to show the importance of temperature history for the prediction of hydrocarbon generation history. Ten alternative burial histories, thermal histories and oil generation histories models are also demonstrated in order to evaluate the influence of possible errors on the predictions. Results suggest that Jurassic – Valanginian formations onshore had attained sufficient maturation during Early Cretaceous time with corresponding paleotemperatures of 130 to 180° C. The possible primary migration from these formations is also discussed. Present day oil generation zone onshore is evaluated to be located in a depth interval 2250 to 3250 m, including a part of Malm – Valanginian complex and Upper Cretaceous formation. In the offshore area of Dolna Kamchija depression, present day maturity levels of Paleogene formations are evaluated to be in the range 0.5 to 0.8 % Ro corresponding to an initial stage of oil generation. The present day oil generation zone offshore is suggested to be located at depths more than 3000 to 4000 m and mainly to comprise Cretaceous sequence. The Mesozoic formations onshore and offshore in Dolna Kamchija region are the most important petroleum source rocks which have sufficiently matured to generate hydrocarbons.
On some characteristics of the macroflora of the Paleogene rocks in the graben of Polkovnik Serafimovo (Central Rhodopes)
Authors: Palamarev Emanuel , Staneva Krasimira
Published: January 2023

The results of an ichnophytologic study of the Paleogene deposits in the Polkovnik Serafimovo graben (Central Rhodopes) are summarized. Fifty one species belonging to 23 families and 38 genera are established. The species Dewalquea fraxinifolia and Platanus neptuni are of significant stratigraphic importance. Some paleoecologic and biostratigraphic comments on the paleoflora are made. Geologic age of the fossil-nearing sediments is probably Early Oligocene.
Palaeonubecularia trifonovae n. sp. (? Foraminifera) from the Ladinian – Carnian of the Epidaurus, “Hallstatt” facies, Peloponnesus (Greece)
Authors: Skourtsis-Coroneou Vassiliki
Published: January 2023

Palaeonubecularia trifonovae n. sp. from the Ladinian – Carnian beds of the Epidaurus red-brown limestones of “Hallstatt” type has been recorded and described.
Dacitic – rhyolitic volcanic products at Bukovik – Kadijca (Pehčevo District) and the related porphyry-copper mineralization
Authors: Stojanov Risto , Hadži Petrušev Boris , Aleksandrov Marin
Published: January 2023

Volcanic rocks of dacitic to rhyolitic composition and strongly hydrothermally altered dacitoids crop out within the metamorphic and granitic terrains near the peaks of Kadijca and Bukovik in the eastern edge of the Pehčevo-Delchevo Tertiary graben. Data obtained on a surface of about 4 square kilometers show that the Bukovik volcanic body represents a volcanic apparatus that underwent intense argillization, sillification and carbonatization, and hosted porphyry copper mineralization with base metal and noble metal minerals. Further studies have to evaluate the economic importance of the mineralizations.
Pre-Paleogene Alpine tectonics in Southwestern Bulgaria
Authors: Zagorchev Ivan
Published: January 2023

The pre-Palaeogene Alpine structure of SW Bulgaria consists of the Srednogorie, Morava, Struma and Rhodope Superunits and the Ograzhden Unit. They are characterized by different pre-Alpine and Mesozoic histories. The Mid-Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous thrusts and thrust structure are discordantly and obliquely superimposed over the pre-existing (Triassic and Jurassic – Early Cretaceous) structural and sedimentation environments. The boundaries between the tectonic units are thrust surfaces and zones often hidden by intersecting younger normal faults or/and stitching intrusive bodies or sealed by Palaeogene and Neogene sedimentary formations.
Suicide During the Pandemic in an Informal Settlement of Bengaluru
Authors: Sahu Biswamitra , Tamysetty Sathyanarayana , R Babu Giridhara
Published: January 2023

Objective:To investigate the external factors that influence people to commit suicide during the pandemic.
Design: Mixed-method approach was used to examine the direct and indirect impact of pandemic on suicide. The study has assessed socio-demographic profile of suicide cases as well as the cause of suicide of those who committed suicide using police ledger data and socio-cultural autopsies. Using case study method, interviewed three families of the deceased and tried to understand the underlying factors, context and process that explains the complex phenomenon of suicide. Direct and indirect impact of pandemic on suicide.
Result: There is a clear mis-match in reporting of socio-demographic profile of suicide cases and the underlying reason for the same in police ledger vis-a-vis socio-cultural autopsy. Current case studies have revealed the process through which the deceased have committed suicide. Specifically, the reasons being financial crisis due to COVID-19, habits such as alcoholism, Gambling and extra-marital affair, lack of understanding between couple, lack of communication between the couples for a long period. It has also been noticed that the families had no idea the deceased was suicidal and were left alone during this vulnerable period. Since, excessive alcohol consumption was common in all three cases and due to their financial situation, these families could not afford treatment at a de-addiction center.
Conclusion: The current research discovered that the link between the lay counselor and people at risk of committing suicide could be a mobile application that aids in the recruitment of such people.

Key words: COVID-19, Suicide, Urban slums, mixed-method approach, Socio-cultural autopsy
Comparison the Level of the IL-20 Cytokine in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Periodontally Health and Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Amin Munshi Maha Asaad , Abdullah Batwa Mohammed , Ahmed Ali Agilley Abdullah
Published: January 2023

Background: Periodontitis refer to the inflammation of the tissues surrounding tooth structure. Multiple cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
Objectives: A comparison of the IL-20 level found in gingival crevicular fluid in healthy and periodontitis patients.
Methods: GCF samples were obtained from both patients systematic healthy with periodontitis and with healthy periodontium patients. The subjects included in this study were divided into two equal groups: group 1: included 10 patients with stage 3-4 periodontitis and group 2: included 10 periodontally healthy subjects. The GCF samples were collected. All samples were stored at -80°C till laboratory analysis. IL-20 levels were measured by ELISA.
Results: IL-20 levels were significantly higher in patients with Periodontitis compared with healthy periodontal patients (p-value ≤ 0.05)
Conclusions: IL -20 play a role in Periodontitis patients.

Key words: IL-20, Periodontitis Patient, GCF
Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in Women
Authors: Soni Retasha , Bindra Supreet
Published: January 2023

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common gynaecological problem among women, causing both distress as well as reduced quality of life in them. It is one of the neglected and under-reported issue which needs to be addressed and explored. There is paucity of the literature available not only in India but globally also. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of UI in women which will help in addressing such critical health issues.
Methods: Data was collected through online method in the form survey via Google forms, which were sent through social media. Total 118 women respondents aged between 20-70 years participated by filling the form. It included an Informed Consent form, Socio-demographic details, Obstetric and Gynaecological history along with a QUID (Questionnaire for female Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis) questionnaire. UI was classified as stress, urge and mixed type depending on the presentation.
Results: The overall prevalence of UI was found to be 27.1%. Stress UI (43.7%) was the most common type followed by Mixed UI (31.2%) and then the Urge UI (25%).
Conclusion: The study outlines a prevalence of 27.1% of UI among women, as a result making it a substantial problem in the society. Emphasis should be laid on the need of creating vigorous awareness among women as well as on the timely introduction of different physiotherapy-cum-rehabilitative programs in order to abate such problems soon.

Key words: Prevalence, urinary incontinence, stress urinary incontinence, mixed urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Cerebral Toxoplasmosis with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS): Case Report
Authors: Parluhutan Togatorop Pascanus Lamsihar , Trisnawati Sri Yenni
Published: January 2023

Cerebral toxoplasmosis is often caused by the reactivation of pre-existing infections. The increasing number of HIV/AIDS increased cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis. Cerebral toxoplasmosis can show clinical symptoms of neurological and psychiatric. Psychiatric symptoms such as psychosis are often associated with cerebral toxoplasmosis infection. Hemichorea and hemiballism are movement disorders often found in cerebral toxoplasmosis, although movement disorders are less common than other neurological symptoms. We report that a 53-year-old man with complaints of whole-body weakness three days before admitted to the hospital. Patient's appetite decreased. While being treated, he saw an oriental figure walking back and forth as if watching him. Patient also heard voices and complained involuntary movements in the right hand and leg. Neurological examination revealed right hemichorea with characteristics; arrhythmic, irregular, high amplitude, and improved at rest. Psychiatric examination revealed visual and auditory hallucinations. Laboratory examination showed anemia and leukopenia. Chest X-ray revealed a left pleural effusion. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the head with contrast showed multiple lesions with perifocal edema, suspected cerebral toxoplasmosis. Patient received anti-toxoplasmosis and antipsychotic. Patient improved on the sixth day of treatment. Cerebral toxoplasmosis can cause serious complications in patients with HIV/AIDS. Psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions are often associated with cerebral toxoplasmosis infection. Hemichorea is the most common type of movement disorder in toxoplasmosis cerebral patients related to HIV/AIDS. The main treatment is anti-toxoplasmosis medication. Combination with antipsychotics is effective in treating the symptoms of psychosis and hemichorea, while also inhibiting the replication of Toxoplasma gondii.

Keywords: Cerebral Toxoplasmosis, HIV/AIDS, Neuropsychiatric
Overview of Snakebite Cases in a Hospital Situated in the Rural Area of Navsari District of Gujarat, India
Authors: Shah Ashwin , Vyas Parth
Published: January 2023

Background: Snakebite envenoming is a greatly underreported neglected tropical disease (NTD) responsible for up to 138,000 deaths and 400,000 permanently disabled victims worldwide every year. More than a third of the global deaths, about 46,000 annually, are estimated to occur in India with not much known about other aspects of burden or risk factors in the country.
Objective: To gather evidence on the burden and epidemiological aspects for snakebite in rural pocket of Navsari district of South Gujarat, India.
Materials & Methods: a structured data collection tool was developed & patients hospitalized due to snakebite from year 2009 to 2020 were studied.
Results: Total 1108 lab confirmed patients of snakebite were admitted to the Hospital for the mentioned period out of which 239 (21.6%) patients had bite of poisonous snakes. Majority i.e. 55.7% of the snake bite cases were seen amongst men. Most of the cases were reported during the monsoon season. Local pain at the site of bite was reported by 100% of cases admitted. 24 (2.2 %) cases had developed complications. Cellulitis and Respiratory distress were major complications that were found.
Conclusion: Less bite to hospitalization time, awareness about snake bite and its consequences amongst community, availability and appropriate use of Anti Snake Venom, close monitoring of patients, availability of ventilator support are key measures that needs to be in practice in any institution.

Keywords: Snake Bite, Anti Snake Venom, Monsoon season, South Gujarat
The Granulomatous Lesions of Oral Tissue - A Brief Review
Authors: P Nitheash , P Malini
Published: January 2023

Granulomatous inflammation represents a unique form of the chronic inflammatory response. Their occurrence in oral soft & hard tissues is an uncommon but represents a diagnostic dilemma because of the wide variety of possible etiologic factors. Recognition is important because of the limited number of possible conditions that causes it and for specific treatment and outcome of the disease. They often have systemic manifestations that affect organs throughout the body and share similar histogenesis. Therefore, an extensive clinical, microscopic and laboratory evaluation is required to identify the source of the oral granulomatous diseases.

Keywords: Granulomatous inflammation, Granuloma, Oral granulomatous lesion
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Endodontically Treated Tooth by Using CAD-CAM Milled Zirconia Post and Core System: A Clinical Report
Authors: Abhishek G , Chakrabarty Abhisikta , Kavlekar Vivek
Published: January 2023

Background: Maxillary central incisor is the most commonly affected tooth during trauma followed by maxillary lateral incisor and mandibular incisors. Trauma to the anterior tooth requires urgent care because of the essentiality of preserving the natural tooth. When a complicated crown a fracture takes place, it necessitates endodontic treatment and restoration of a fractured crown segment with post in the canal. This case report describes a patient with a broken central incisor and treated with a Zirconia crown.

Keywords: CAD/CAM, Esthetics, Post & Core.
Correlation of Blood Glucose Level and Tear Production Among Young Adult Women
Authors: Y.C. Azuamah, , C.E. Njoku, , E.C. Esenwah,
Published: January 2023

Blood glucose monitoring is a way of testing the concentration of glucose in the blood. Tears are clear, salty, slightly alkaline and watery substance which helps in seeing clearly and maintaining the health of the eyes. This study was carried out to determine the correlation of blood glucose level and tear production among young adult women. A total of 108 subjects were part of this study. The Accu Chek glucometer was used to measure the blood glucose level and the Schirmer test strips were used to measure the tear production of the subjects. Results showed that the mean FBG level was 98.86±12.21; the mean RBG was 114±39.39, and the mean tear production was 18.37±11.63. SPSS version 23 data analysis using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at 0.05 level of significance and 95% confidence interval revealed that there were no significant correlations of both fasting and random blood glucose levels (P˃0.05) with tear production among young adult women. It was therefore concluded from the study that there was no correlation between blood glucose level and tear production among adult women. Further research in a wider geographical area was recommended.

Keywords: Fasting Blood Glucose, Random Blood Glucose, Tear production, Schirmer Test, Dry Eye Syndrome, Diabetes Mellitus
Erosion Hazard Levels in Padang Batung Sub-district, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Renaldi Adriyan , Arisanty Deasy , Muhaimin Muhammad , Rahman Akhmad Munaya , Saputra Aswin Nur
Published: January 2023

Erosion is a form of damage to the soil caused by changes in land function on certain plains without management. The Padang Batung Sub-district area experienced land damage which was characterized by the distribution of critical land area reaching half of the area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of erosion hazards that occur in Padang Batung Sub-district. This study used a terrain unit map as the basis for the sample analysis unit. The number of samples in this study was 20 samples using the purposive random sampling method. The data analysis used is in the form of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) equation which can predict the level of erosion hazard through several parameters in the study area. The results showed that the erosion hazard level in Padang Batung Sub-district was dominated by severe criteria with an affected area of 74 km2 with an average erosion rate of 345.27 tons/ha/yr. One of the dominating factors causing the high erosion in Padang Batung Sub-district to be included in the medium and high classification is rain intensity, high erodibility, unstable topography and land cover vegetation.
I see you: A Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction Dataset from Traffic Surveillance Cameras
Authors: Quispe Hanan , Sumire Jorshinno , Condori Patricia , Alvarez Edwin , Vera Harley
Published: January 2023

The development of autonomous vehicles arises new challenges in urban traffic scenarios where vehicle-pedestrian interactions are frequent e.g. vehicle yields to pedestrians, pedestrian slows down due approaching to the vehicle. Over the last years, several datasets have been developed to model these interactions. However, available datasets do not cover near-accident scenarios that our dataset covers. We introduce I see you, a new vehicle-pedestrian interaction dataset that tackles the lack of trajectory data in near-accident scenarios using YOLOv5 and camera calibration methods. I see you consist of 170 near-accident occurrences in seven intersections in Cusco-Peru. This new dataset and pipeline code are available on GitHub.
Principal Leadership Vs Teacher Professionalism: Contribution to Organizational Climate in Islamic Schools in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Fadhli Muhammad , Patoni Achmad , Fitry Agus Zaenul
Published: January 2023

Creating a positive school climate is a real challenge in today's school management. Meanwhile, a positive conducive school climate will contribute to improving school performance. This paper aims to look at the contribution of teacher leadership and professionalism to the school organizational climate. The method used in this study is quantitative, while the data instrument is collected by distributing questionnaires. The study was conducted by involving 155 teachers spread over three public madrasas in Medan city. The study results show that teacher professionalism has a more real impact on efforts to establish a conducive school organizational climate. The originality shown from this study is that the contribution of leadership is no longer a determinant in the organizational climate of schools. This study offers strengthening of teacher professionalism as an effort.