bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of Bifidobacterium bifidum in Improved Alginate Microcapsules to Prolonging Viability
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhao Min , Wang Wei , Hu Tie Feng
Published: January 2011

Bifidobacterium bifidum were encapsulated as fresh cultures in water insoluble food grade microcapsules by emulsification–internal gelation technique, using gelatin, pectin, alginate and chitose as immobilization material. The optical photomicroscope photograph and laser scanning confocal microscope photograph shows that the microcapsules obtained by this method has narrow size distribution (10-20 μm). Survival of Bifidobacterium bifidum in microcapsules was 109cfu•g-1 , and the embedding ratio was 72.32%. The survival was remaining more than 108cfu•g-1 after exposure to gastric acid and bile acid, which implies that the microcapsules expressed superior acid resistance. These microcaosules were disaggregation subtotal after 15 min in simulated intestinal juices, and the release rate was 96%. The survival was 108 cfu•g-1 at room temperature after 1 year by classic accelerated test. The results indicate that encapsulation of Bifidobacterium bifidum in alginate microcapsules is a good approach to prolonging viability.
Characteristics of Cadmium and Lead Phytoextraction by Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Sand Culture
Authors: Niu Zhi Xin , Sun Li Na , Sun Tie Heng
Published: January 2011

Higher biomass producing crops such as sunflower have already been considered as a hyperaccumulating candidate. In the present study, Cd and Pb accumulation by sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), biomass and root exudates changes in sand cultures was analyzed during 90 days. Results demonstrated that ratios of aerial biomass/ root biomass (AW/RW) in Cd or Pb treatments declined with concentrations of Cd or Pb. Optical density (OD) of root exudates at 190 nm and 280 nm observed in Cd and Pb treatments were lower than the control. In single Cd or Pb treatments, bioconcentration factors (BCF) of Cd or Pb increased with time and decreased with concentrations, the highest Cd-BCF and Pb-BCF appeared in Cd5 (21) and Pb50 (7.95), respectively. Cd-BCF or Pb-BCF showed positive correlations with AW/RW ratios and OD values, and they were negative correlated with Cd and Pb concentrations. In the complex of Cd and Pb treatments, the highest values of BCFs were observed in Cd10+Pb100. Cd-BCF values negatively correlated with AW/RW ratios and Cd concentrations; besides, Pb-BCFs were negative with both Cd and Pb concentrations. Translocation factors (TF) fluctuated irregularly with time and concentration of metals in most treatments. Cd-TF values in single Cd treatments were positive correlated with concentrations of Cd. In the complex of Cd and Pb treatments, Cd-TF showed positive correlations with OD at 280 nm, but negative with Pb concentration. Results in this paper may supply useful information for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with cadmium and lead in situ.
Study on the Biological Activity of Anti-Tumor Peptide of Tumstatin
Authors: Wang Shu Jing , Chen Ning , Yi Zhang , Liu Jia , Xu Bei Bei
Published: January 2011

Tumstatin anti-tumor peptide of 19peptide can inhibit the proliferation of melanoma cell. To study its effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of different tumor cells and verify its anti-tumor non-specificity, the base sequence of 19peptide was designed and constructed engineering bacteria. The soluble 19peptide was obtained from one step chitin affinity chromatograph. By such experiment as MTT assay, cell growth curve, TUNEL assay，flow cytometry，transmission electron microscopy(TEM), the biological activity of 19peptide was studied. Experiments in vitro identified that obtained 19peptide could inhibit proliferation of hela cell and hepatocarcinoma cell. It also could promote two tumor cells apoptosis. Its anti-tumor effect will lay foundation on its mechanism of action research and clinically tumor therapy in future.
Biological Aspects of Termitomyces albuminosus Strain PXT-1 Isolated from Panzhihua
Authors: Xiong Ya , Chen Qiang , Huang Qian Ming , Li Min Jie
Published: January 2011

Termitomyces albuminosus is one of the famous wild edible fungi in south part of China. The fruit body is delicious, rich in nutrition, and so, it has high exploitable potential. However, due to the mycelia of Termitomyces albuminosus must grow at termitarium, it can not be cultivated artificially. In this paper, we mainly focus on isolation of Termitomyces albuminosus pure culture, and studying on its biological properties, and found out the optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, growth factors and the C/N ratio that was suitable for the growth of mycelium of Termitomyces albuminosus.
Organochlorines in Chinese Women: Determinants of Serum Concentrations
Authors: Lv Wu Wen
Published: January 2011

People are frequently exposed to various environmental chemicals such as organic pollutants, heavy metals, etc. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the accumulation level of organochlorines in women from Qiqihaer city in china. Of the 160 people investigated, 113 sujects were detected with different serum levels of organochlorine pesticides (range: 0.042 - 33.072 μg/L). Moreover, the results indicated that there was high serum level of accumulated organochlorines pesticides of women in Chinese, and the serum concentrations of organochlorines pesticides was associated with age.
Gill ATPase Activities and Microstructures of Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis, Exposed to Ambient Mercury
Authors: Zhao Yan Min , Wang Xin Hua , Qin Yan Wen , Zheng Bing Hui , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2011

Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of ambient mercury (Hg2+) on gill Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities, and gill microstructure of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Crabs were exposed to ambient 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 mg/l Hg2+, and sampled on the days of 1, 7, 14 and 30 respectively. The results showed that both ambient Hg2+ concentrations and exposure time had significant effects on both gill Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities of E. sinensis, which showed the tendency to decrease with ambient mercury concentration increasing and exposure time prolonging. While for crabs exposed to 0.01 mg/l Hg2+, no significant difference was observed when compared with the control. Significant interaction between ambient Hg2+ and exposure time on these two ATPases activities was also observed with the lowest values found in crabs exposed to 0.30 mg/l Hg2+ for 30 days. The anterior gill microstructure analysis of E. sinensis exposed to different ambient Hg2+ for 30 days showed that mercury could alter the gill microstructures of E. sinensis. However, there was no significantly structure change appeared in crabs exposed to 0.01 mg/l Hg2+. Combined, these results indicated that though ambient Hg2+ could lead to significant decrease of both gill Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities, and could destroy the gill microstructures, the crab of E. sinensis could acclimate to low Hg2+ contamination less than 0.01mg/l.
Effects of Electrode Materials on Electricity of Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhang Yong Juan , Min Zhang , Yang Zheng , Xie Jing Yi , Li Yong Feng
Published: January 2011

The electrode material has the very important influence to the microbial fuel cell. The different electrode materials were studied for producing the electricity performance to MFC by the activated sludge as the substrate. The results indicated that the anode of graphite pole was 0.63 mW/cm2 of the area power density. The carbon paper was 60 (0.50mW/cm2). Carbon paper 90 was 0.23mW/cm2. Although having the biggest area power density, the general trend of the graphite pole is much lower than others and production of the electricity was not good. Even though the maximum of area power density of graphite pole, it might be the reason for increasing nutritive compound and elevation of temperature. The carbon paper 90 produce the area power density is the steadiest among three poles and its output voltage is a quite stable and low. MFC is excellent under carbon paper 90. The area power density had strong fluctuating scope, the power density is big and the overall value is high under carbon paper 60.
Comparison of Electroless Nickel-Plated Wood-Based EMI Composite with Two Methods of Pd Activation
Authors: Liu Hai Bing , Wang Li Juan
Published: January 2011

In this paper we prepared electroless Ni-plated wood veneers using two Pa activation methods. One is the traditional Pa colloid activation and the other uses Pa2+ions. SEM-EDS results indicated that the coatings were continuous, uniform and compact with a P content of lower than 4 wt.%. XRD analysis showed that the coatings were crystalline, which was related to the low P content. The plated wood veneers exhibit good electro-conductivity with surface resistivity of lower than 0.3 Ω cm-2and higher electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of over 60 dB in frequencies from 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz.
Removal of Thiophene from Simulated Oil by Catalytic Oxidation Using K2FeO4/ V2O5
Authors: Liu Yan Xiu , Song Hua
Published: January 2011

Oxidation extraction of thiophene from simulated oil by using K2FeO4as oxidant and methanol as extractant has been investigated. The effects of different catalyst, oxidant amount, catalyst amount, reaction temperature, reaction time, and extraction conditions were studied. This process is capable of decreasing the sulfur content of simulated oil from 100 mg•L-1to 17.8 mg•L-1at the optimal conditions. The results indicate that such a process could be an alternative to common hydrodesulfurization for deep desulfurization.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel Rigid Polyurethane Foams by Epoxidized Soybean Oil
Authors: He Ming , Shi Yi Jun , Luo Zhen Yang , Gu Xiao Li
Published: January 2011

A novel rigid polyurethane foam was prepared by using epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) instead of 50% of petrochemical polyol-835 in the B-side of foam formulation. Although there are no significant variations in density and compressive strength of ESBO-based rigid foam compared with petrochemical-based rigid foam, better thermal stability and higher melting point (of polyether section) were attained and proved by TGA, DTG and DSC analysis. Presumably, the improved characterizations could be originated from the long carbon chain of ESBO and especially the oxazolidone structure as indicated in FTIR spectrum.
Use Copper Slag to Prepare Copper Matrix Composites
Authors: Liu Wei Ping
Published: January 2011

Copper slag was used to prepare copper powder by way of slurry electrolysis, and the copper powder was used to fabricate copper matrix composite materials reinforced with chemical plating surface modified alumina particulates. Alumina particulates were pretreated in ultrasonic field by chemical copper plating in order to make alumina particulates covered with a layer of copper film and form Al2O3/Cu composite powders. Copper matrix composite materials strengthened with alumina particulates were synthesized by means of pressure molding and sintering. Microstructure of copper matrix composites was researched by means of SEM. SEM analysis shows that alumina particulates distribute in the copper-based body evenly, and combine with copper closely. The effects of sintering temperature, pressure and alumina content on the compactness and hardness of copper matrix composites were studied by orthogonal tests. The compactness of composites increases with the sintering temperature and pressure increasing, and decreases with the alumina content increasing. The hardness of composite materials increases with the sintering temperature, pressure and alumina particulates increasing.
Low-Temperature Synthesis and Optical Property of ZnO Nanorod Arrays
Authors: Li Feng Feng , Li Chao Ling , Zhang Ming Xi , Shen Yi
Published: January 2011

Well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays with 100-200nm diameter and about 1μm length were vertically grown on quartz substrate at relatively low temperature by a solution deposition method. The effects of reactant ratio, water-bath temperature, growth time on crystal structure were discussed. Microstructure of the arrays was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), optical properties were examined using fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results show that a Zn/C6H12N4 molar ratio of 1:1, bath temprature 70°C, growth time of 24h are the optimal condition for the preparation of densely distributed ZnO arrays. XRD and FE-SEM analysis confirmed that the ZnO nanorod is a single crystal with a wurtzite structure and the photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibit coexistence properties of ultraviolet (UV), blue and green emissions.
Geochemical Record of Core PJ in Yangtze River Delta and Implications for Variations in Paleoenvironment
Authors: Wu Yong Hong , Zheng Xiang Min , Zhou Li Min
Published: January 2011

Geochemical elements, significant indicator of environmental change，have been widely used in paleoenvironment research. By comparative analysizing of sediment’s geochemical characterstics of core PJ and core ZX-1, almost opposite relations was found between them. In Holocene, there are repeated transgression-regression cycles and the deposition profile of core PJ was in the critical zone of transgression-regression. When climate was warm and humid, sea-level rose, the sedimentary environmental salinity increased and ability of element eluviate-leaching were weak, geochemical elements can not be effectively separated. On the contrary, when climate was dry and cold, sea-level became lower, the role of the element eluviate-leaching was enhanced, and different geochemical elements can be effective separated. This mechanism enables that indicators significance of core PJ’s geochemistry element changing is the opposite direction to other regions.
Applied Research of Titanium Oxide to Seal the Anodized Al Alloy
Authors: Zhou Qi , Wang Xin , Zhang Li Fang , He Chun Lin , Cai Qing Kui , Ma Xin
Published: January 2011

The anodized Al alloy films are sealed in the alumina sol with anatase type of titanium oxide.Coloration experiment; acid drip test and self-cleaning efficiency are used as evaluation criterions. Orthogonal test of sol sealed films and Two Factor test are used to value the influence of technological parameters on properties of the sealed films. The results show that the corrosion resistance of sealed film doped with TiO2 was superior to that of without in neutral saline water. Three-dimensional surface morphologies obtained by OLS3100 laser confocal scanning microscope (LSCM ) show that the sealed films with are smoother than ones without TiO2 and its pits in the sealed film are less. The sealed films with TiO2 have both corrosion resistance and self-cleaning effect.
Theoretical Analysis on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Metal Rubber
Authors: Zhu Bin , Hong Jie , Ma Yan Hong
Published: January 2011

Based on the basic components of the porous Metal Rubber (MR) materials, all kinds of heat transfer modes were analyzed. Wire helix was considered as the micro-element of Metal Rubber by analyzing the characteristics of processing components of Metal Rubber. According to the acoustoelectric analogy method, the heat transfer model of MR was established on the basis of arrangement of wire helix and Fourier Law. The formula of thermal conductivity coefficient was derived. And the LFA 427 instrument was used to obtain thermal conductivity characteristics of MR experimentally. The results showed that the model had certain application. This model was valuable for the analysis of the thermal properties and the design of Metal Rubber. It provided theoretical support for the further engineering application of Metal Rubber in the field of heat insulation.
Study on Nano Polyaniline / Silver Composite Particles Preparation and Electrical Property
Authors: Guo Wei , Wu Hang , Zheng Zhen Zhong , Chen Qing Chang , Zhang Ming , Chu Qing Guo
Published: January 2011

Polyaniline was synthesized by the chemical synthesis. Polyaniline as dispersion agent, nano silver / polyaniline composite particles was prepared by In-situ Synthesis in DMF solution. Nano Silver / Polyaniline / PMMA composites were prepared by direct dispersion method. The microstructure and characterization of the sample were studied by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy infrared spectroscopy and XRD. The composite electrical conductivity was measured by four-probe method, showing that nano silver / polyaniline composite particle size was about 31.0 nm. When the doping concentration of nano-silver reached 0.12%, the electrical conductivity of silver / polyaniline / PMMA composite comparing to the pure PMMA material increased four orders of magnitude.
A Study on the Oxidation Behavior of Nickel Coatings with Different Grain Sizes and Preferred Orientations
Authors: Ma Li , Zhou Ke Chao , Zhang Lei , Li Zhi You
Published: January 2011

Ni coatings with different grain sizes and preferred orientations were produced by the control of current density during a direct current electrodepositing process. The effects of grain size reduction and preferred orientation on the oxidation behavior in air at 600°C and 960°C of Ni coatings were investigated respectively. An important and interesting result is that after oxidation at 600°C, the Ni coating obtained at lower current density has a better oxidation resistance, whereas after oxidation at 960°C, the Ni coating obtained at higher current density has a more compact scale and a better oxidation resistance. For the Ni coatings oxidation at 600°C, the oxidation behavior was mainly influenced by grain size, whereas in the case of the Ni coatings oxidation at 960°C, the oxidation behavior was only slightly influenced by grain size. The changes in oxidation behavior of Ni coatings at 960°C can be attributed to the different preferred orientation and the corresponding oxidation mechanism.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Green KE-4BD in Aqueous Solutions over N-Doped Titania
Authors: Xin Gang , Shen Ju , Meng Ya Li
Published: January 2011

The photodegradation of reactive green KE-4BD solution is investigated using N-doped titania (N-TiO2) under visible light irradiation. N-TiO2 is prepared using ammonia or urea as a nitrogen source and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller methods, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra. The effects of the initial dye concentration and pH on photocatalytic degradation are studied, and the direct correlation between pH, dye concentration, and the rate of degradation are determined. Experimental results show that aqueous solutions of KE-4BD degrade easily in weakly acidic conditions in the presence of N-doped TiO2 (1 g/L) as a photocatalyst. The optimized dye concentration for photolysis is 150 mg/L. The complete degradation of KE-4BD could be achieved under visible light irradiation, and the dye molecules could be partly decomposed into inorganic substances.
Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide with Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity of Organophosphorus Pesticide Degradation
Authors: Guo Si Yao , Han Song , He Dong Po , Jiang Li
Published: January 2011

Adjusting the nitrogen content of N doped titania which were prepared by hydrothermal method to discuss the influences of the photocatalytic properties and the modifications. It was also established that N doped TiO2 powders enhances the Vis-light absorption. Finally the photocatalytic properties of catalysts were tested in the degradation of organophosphorus pesticide. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc.
Study on Preparation and Application of Porous TiO2 Photocatalysis Material
Authors: Han Song , Wang Feng Lu , Guo Si Yao , Sun Jin Bing , Yang Lin , Jiang Li , He Dong Po
Published: January 2011

TiO2 porous materials were prepared under hydrothermal conditions. The characteristic of the synthesized materials were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The materials give excellent adsorbability and photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV lamp.
Study on the Photocatalyst Degradation of Methylene Blue by Using Nanometer-Sized TiO2/Quartz Sand
Authors: Han Song , Sun Jin Bing , Xiang Wei , Guo Si Yao , Wang Feng Lu , Jiang Li , He Dong Po
Published: January 2011

In this research, the nanometer-sized TiO2/quartz sand photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel method. The structure of the composite samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). And the photocatalytic degradation for the methylene blue (MB) solution have been inverstigated in visible light. The influence of calcining temperature was discussed. The result showed: heat treatment of the material loaded on quartz sand at 400 °C was most effective. The decolorization rate of methylene blue (MB) can be reached 96.92% under 4.5 h xenon lamp irradiation.
The Semiconductor Character of Passive Film of 304L Stainless Steel(SS), 316L SS and Nickel Alloy 800 Formed in Zinc Contained High-Temperature and High-Pressure Water
Authors: Zhang Sheng Han , Lian Jia , Tan Yu
Published: January 2011

The semiconductor properties of passive film formed on 304L stainless steel (SS), 316L SS and Alloy 800HT in high-temperature and high-pressure water with zinc addition have been investigated by using Polarization curve, Mott-Schottky analysis and photocurrent method. The donor density, flat band and band gap of semiconductor behavior are analyzed to investigate the impact of zinc addition to the passive film. Analysis of the experimental results indicated that passive film formed on 316L and 800HT with zinc addition showed different electrochemical, photo-electrochemical and semiconductor properties. The results indicated that corrosion resistance of passive film from in high-temperature and high-pressure water with zinc addition was obviously better than that without zinc addition.
Study on the Longitudinal Tensile Strength of Tracheids of Heat-Treated Wood
Authors: Zhao Rong Jun , Cheng Xian Bao , Shuangguan Wei Wei , Sun Juan , Fei Ben Hua
Published: January 2011

In this paper, the zero-span tensile strengths of tracheids of Chinese fir and Masson pine were investigated, and the effect of the moisture on the tracheid strength was also discussed. Furthermore, the influence of thermal treatment on the zero-span tensile strengths of tracheids were analysed, and research of relationship of zero-span tensile strengths, chemical components and cellulose crystallinity were also conducted. This study tried to explore the inherent mechanism of heat treatment on the cell level.
Force Analysis and Modeling of Carbon Nanowires Operation in SEM
Authors: Rong Wei Bin , Li Dong Jie , Sun Li Ning , Wang Jin Yu
Published: January 2011

Due to influence of size effect, the force properties in nanoscale are greatly different from those in macroscale and the traditional models of operation are becoming difficult to meet the development of nanoscale manipulation. To provide guiding theory for practical nano-manipulation, the nanoscale forces of contact and non-contact operation of nanowires are analyzed for nano-manipulation in SEM. The Vander Waals models among the probe, nanowire and substrate are modeled according to the force properties in nanoscale, and then the simplified models are simulated with MATLAB. The influence degree of various factors and the relationship of them during the operation are obtained. At last, experimental system is established to verify the correctness of the proposed models.
Finite Elements Analysis on the Impact Absorption Behavior of Composite Vehicle Longeron
Authors: Zhao Gui Fan , Zhang Zi Peng , Teng Tso Liang
Published: January 2011

In this paper, an experimental model was built in the nonlinear finite element software LS-DYNA. A metal tube wrapped fiberglass epoxy composite outside (called “composite tube” for short) was impacted in its axial direction in the simulation. The key problems about building the model were discussed later. Comparing the simulation and experiment results, we proved the validity of the model. Furthermore, we applied the material type of the composite tube to vehicle longeron, and carried on the simulation of automobile frontal collisions in LS-DYNA. The simulation results showed using the new type composite material could reduce the longeron weight to original 33.76% without lowering the safety.
The Use of Cast Steel in Steel Structure
Authors: Bao Wei , Xing Li Tao , Qiu Jian Hui
Published: January 2011

With the improvement of casting and material technology, cast steel is continuously used in practical engineering projects. Domestic and foreign scholars studied the performance of cast steel joints by experiment or the other methods and extended them to beam-column connections in steel frames. This paper mainly introduced the development of beam-column connection forms, the main problems in joint design, advantages and disadvantages of the joints with various forms, material properties and manufacturing process characteristics of cast steel, advantages of cast steel joints and fasteners, research status and achievements at home and abroad. The results show that compared with traditional connection forms, designers have full freedom to choose the shapes and the sizes, and joints made of cast steel have the best adaptability and changeability in different engineering practice, what’s more, they have no problems with welding residual stress and stress concentration. Compared with other materials, cast steel has more advantages such as flexible application, convenience of connections, small volume, low cost. In a word, cast steel has great research value and application potential in connections of steel structure.
Review on Engineering of Fermentative Bio-Hydrogen Production
Authors: Li Yong Feng , Zhang Jing Wei , Han Wei , Yang Jian Yu , Zhang Yong Juan , Wang Zhan Qing
Published: January 2011

The paper not only reviews the progress of engineering and application on bio-hydrogen production, but also discusses characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of biological hydrogen production systems. Meanwhile, it mainly analyzes anaerobic fermentative bio-hydrogen production systems’ technological schemes, design strategies, engineering control parameters, fermentation control, fuel cell, technical means to increase hydrogen evolution and its rate. Under the guidance of the theory of ethanol-type fermentation, the fermentative bio-hydrogen production systems have been established in practice.
Preparing and Application of Polymerized Aluminum-Ferrum Chloride
Authors: Lu Gui Lin , Yu Hai Yan , Bi Shi Wen
Published: January 2011

Put forward a new method to prepare polyaluminium ferric chloride (PAFC). Discuss the effect of starting materials, reaction processes on the leaching ratios of alumina and iron oxide. Application properties were tested. The results showed that both diasporic bauxite and the red mud from gibbsite (RMG) do not need to be baked. In the case of diasporic bauxite, the leaching ratios of alumina and iron oxide reach 4.15% and 78.32% respectively under the conditions that the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 6mol/L, the reaction time is 60 minutes, the reaction temperature is about 109°C, and the way of extracting is two-step extracting. In the case of RMG, the leaching ratios of alumina and iron oxide reach 89.00% and 98.39% respectively under the same conditions. Diasporic bauxite is not a suitable raw material for PAFC synthesizing. The PAFC prepared from RMG was used to treat active black KN-B dye-containing wastewater and the Kaolin-containing wastewater. The maximum depollution ratio is 98.0% and 97.0 % respectively.
Influence of Hollow Electrode Ar-CO2 Injection on Temperature in Ladle Furnace
Authors: Zhan Dong Ping , Zhang Hui Shu , Jiang Zhou Hua , Chen Zhao Ping
Published: January 2011

The argon and carbon dioxide co-injection tests were carried out with low carbon steel melts of 100 kg in a multi-function direct current ladle furnace (DC-LF) equipped with a hollow graphite electrode. It is shown that, the heating rates of the heats with argon or Ar-CO2 injection are higher than that of the normal solid graphite electrode heat. The average heating rate of the heat with argon injection is 1.59 times than that of the normal solid graphite electrode heat. The minimal average heating rate of the heat with Ar-CO2 co-injection is 3 times than that of the latter, and the maximum is 5.51 times. When argon or Ar-CO2 is injected into LF, the electric current isn’t change, but the voltage is lower.
Effect of Binders Combination on Porosity of Steam-Cured Concrete
Authors: He Zhi Min , Liu Jun Zhe
Published: January 2011

Under steam curing condition, there is significant increment in the porosity of concrete. For the purpose of reducing porosity of steam-cured concrete and improving the durability of steam-cured precast elements, this paper carried out contrastive experiments including two curing condition (steam curing and standard curing), simultaneously considering the effect of different binders type, investigated the porosity change of steam curing and standard curing concretes with mineral admixtures. The corresponding mechanism was also discussed. Results indicated that, taking replace of 30% cement with double-mixing fly ash and silica fume achieves the lowest steam-cured concrete porosity. Steam curing technological measures exert a significant influence on the steam-cured concrete unclosed top suface porosity. For the characteristics of different concrete mixtures, the same steam curing technological measures exert different influence. For the same concrete, adopting appropriate technological measures can greatly decreased the porosity of concrete surface to be exposed, especially for concrete with high water-binder ratio.
Dyeability of PLA Fabric with Natural Dye Emodin
Authors: Wu Ji Hong , Ke Jun
Published: January 2011

The dyeability of PLA fabric with the natural emodin dye has been investigated. The effect of different factors, which are dyeing temperature, dyeing time, dye bath pH value, bath ratio, dye concentration and mordants, has been studied. The color of each dyed sample was evaluated in terms of the K/S value, and the color fastness to soaping and crocking were tested according to the ISO standards. The results showed that the dyed fabrics have a bright color and an excellent color fastness. As a result, emodin dyes PLA is a good approach to develop “green clothes” and has broad prospect.
Preparation of a Larch Bark-Based Composite and its Properties
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Shu Jun , Liu Pei Pei , Feng Guang Shou , Zhong Hao
Published: January 2011

With the depletion of fossil energy, biology material is getting more and more attention. Bark, as a kind of renewable resource, need to be utilized urgently and reasonably. The larch bark was very extensive in northeast and the use of larch bark is limited to make tannin. However, the whole process produced much bark residue, which could not be utilized effectively. In this paper, based on the content of total phenolic hydroxyl groups, the in-situ synthesis reaction of the larch bark with formaldehyde was performed in different ratios. FTIR analysis was adopted to characterize the synthesized products. After air-drying, the synthesized product was pressed into a bark-based composite under pressure of 10~25 MPa. The effect of pressure and molar ratio of phenols and formaldehyde on the properties of the composite were analyzed. These results indicate that, pressure and molar ratio were both vital factors. The composite with higher molar ratio of phenol and formaldehyde had better abilities of anti-moisture, but the molar ratio of 1:2 made the strongest composite. With the increasing of pressure, the hardness of the composite was greater. For the composite made under 20 MPa and the molar ratio of 1:2, its hardness was 23.41 MPa and its max load was 415.83N. Its thickness and diameter swelling rate of moisture absorption in 12 d was 1.87% and 0.68%.
Applied Research of Nanocomposite Membrane on Fouling Mitigation in Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Zhang Hai Feng , Liu Hong Peng , Zhang Lan He
Published: January 2011

The nanocomposite membranes were prepared by mixing 2.5 wt% of TiO2 nanoparticles in casting solution. In order to determine the nanocomposite membrane property, a long-term operation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) was carried out and membrane flux were measured though the filtration tests. Results showed that TiO2 addition significantly improved the permeability of membrane and decreased the cake resistance compared with the sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) membrane in MBR.
The Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photocatalysis of TiO2 Powders
Authors: Jiang Li Ming
Published: January 2011

Titania powders were prepared under hydrothermal conditions by employing organic molecule β-cyclodextrin(CD) as template, and characterized by means of TGA、XRD、BET . The effects of the pH on the specific surface area and photocatalytic performance of titania were discussed. The results showed that titania powders were anatase structure;the titania powders with specific surface area up to 216.2 m2g-1 were prepared while the system pH was about 1 , and the powders had the best photocatalytic activity.
Extraction of Resveratrol from Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L)
Authors: Ma Yong Qiang , Han Chun Ran , Liu Ying
Published: January 2011

Resveratrol was extracted from wild blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L) and purified. Ethanol was selected as the optimal extraction reagent. Ratio of materials to the reagent, extraction time and temperature had significant effects on the extraction percentage. Optimization extraction conditions were obtained by 2 order regression orthogonal experiment, the conditions were as follows, extraction temperature 35°C, ratio of materials to ethonal 1:15, extraction time 2h, extraction for only once, extraction rate was about 88%.
Optimization of Sulfated Modification Conditions in Undaria pinnatifida polysaccharides
Authors: Yang Bo , Ji Yu Bin
Published: January 2011

To optimize the sulfated modification conditions of Undaria pinnatifida polysaccharides (UPPSⅠB). UPPSⅠB was modified by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. L9(34) orthogonal test was used to optimize the reaction temperature, reagent ratio and reaction time with the degree of sulfate group and carbohydrate content as index. The major factor was reaction temperature. The optimal modification conditions were that the reaction temperature was 60°C, the ratio of chlorosulfonic acid to pyridine was 1:2, and the reaction time was 1.5h. The sulfated UPPSⅠB could be obtained using the optimal modification conditions.
Phosphorus Doped Titania Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Han Song , Sun Jin Bing , Guo Si Yao , Jiang Li , He Dong Po
Published: January 2011

Hierarchical mesoporous Phosphor-doped titania nanoparticles were synthesized by two different method, that is roasting method and hydrothermal method. The samples prepared by hydrothermal method has much higher photocatalytic activity. In addition, MB degradation performance of the hydrothermal ones is also superior to that of the commercial P25. Therefore, the methylene blue (MB) degradation performance on the phosphorous-doped photocatalyst is much enhanced and superior to that of the commercial P25. The hydrothermal method proves to be very suitable for the synthesis of P-doped titania photocatalyst. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen physical adsorption at 77 K, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and solar light spectroscopy.
Immobilization of Lactase on Dialdehyde Oxycellulose-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Qing Qi , Zhang Na , Fang Gui Zhen
Published: January 2011

Dialdehyde oxycellulose-coated magnetite nanoparticles were prepared as carrier to immobilize the lactase, the preparation conditions and enzymatic properties of the immobilized enzyme were studied. The results showed that the maximum activity of immobilized enzyme is 0.424U/g when immobilized time is 4h, immobilized pH is 6.5, [enzyme]/[carrier] =1:15(g:g). Compared with free enzyme, the heat stability and basic resistance of immobilized lactase were increased. After reuse five times, the relative enzyme activity of immobilized enzyme was 63%.
Control on Soft Rot of Chinese Cabbage Using Harpin Protein
Authors: Qiu Tian Lei , Wang Min , Sun Xiao Hong , Han Mei Lin , Wang Xu Ming
Published: January 2011

Soft rot of Chinese cabbage is a common disease that causes serious damage and economic losses. In this study, the control on soft rot of growing and postharvest Chinese cabbage was carried out, using Harpin protein which was the expressed product of a recombinant E. coli strain. The experimental results indicate that Harpin protein preparation containing 3% pure protein powder and 97% wettable powder of Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt), could effectively control soft rot of Chinese cabbage. The control effect on soft rot reached as high as 90% for growing Chinese cabbage using Harpin protein at 6-10mg/m2 of dosage, and the control effect reached approximately 75% for postharvest Chinese cabbage. Harpin protein stored for 6 months at 20-25 0C had the similarly biological activity with the newly prepared protein.
Preparation and Performance of Polyethylene Glycol/Titanium Dioxide Phase Change Materials
Authors: Shi Qi Song , Yu Jian Xiang , Liu Tai Qi
Published: January 2011

In the present study, a novel phase change material polyethylene glycol (PEG) / titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite was prepared and characterized by DSC, FT-IR, SEM and WAXD. The melting temperature and latent heats of PEG/ TiO2 was determined using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The interactions between PEG and TiO2 were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In the form-stable blends, PEG acted like phase change material when the TiO2 served as supporting material. SEM and WAXD tests were performed to investigate the crystalline morphology. PEG/ TiO2 composite were proven a good polymeric phase change heat storage material.
Influences of Atomizing Pressure on Preparation Processing of Lead-Free Solder Powder
Authors: Xu Tian Han , Zhao Mai Qun , Wang Dang Hui
Published: January 2011

An investigation on the melt delivery tube tip pressure and the effective atomizing efficiency of atomizing powder was carried out. The results show that all of melt delivery tube tip pressures are negative value in the atomization gas pressure range of 0.4~0.9 MPa, and they monotonously increase with increasing the atomizing pressure; when the atomizing pressure is higher than 0.7 MPa, the negative pressure of the melt delivery tube tip is slowly increasing with continuously increasing the atomizing pressure; the atomized powder possesses higher effective atomizing efficiency, more uniform size distribution, better sphericity and smoother surface at the atomizing pressure of 0.7 MPa and the pressure of the melt delivery tube tip of -39.44 kPa.
The Micro-Structure of the Castor Stalk Based Panel
Authors: Li Xiao Ping , Zhou Ding Guo , Wang Si Qun , Xu Deng Wei
Published: January 2011

Castor- stalk is one kind of excellent wood materials can be used to make the wood based panel and substitute for the wood resource, reducing the pollution caused by castor stalk-burnt. The properties of the castor stalk based fiber panel are better than the properties of the castor stalk based particle panel made under the same techniques. It studied the infiltrating-characters, the radicals-concentration and the micro-structure of the castor stalk based panel with highly effective surface tension and angle of contact instrument, Electron spin resonating spectrum instrument (ESR) and Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The results show that the wetting-soakage and the radicals-concentration of the castor fiber are worse than those of the castor particle. The micro-structure of the castor fiber is complete and smooth without crevasse in the castor stalk based fiber panel. But the micro-structure of the castor fiber is not complete and is bruised in the castor stalk based particle panel. So it show that the properties of the castor stalk based particle board are worse than those of the castor stalk based fiber board caused by the micro-structure changed maybe.
Effect of SiC Particle Size on Microstructure and Tensile Behavior of Aluminum Matrix Composites
Authors: He Chun Lin , Wang Jian Ming , Cai Qing Kui
Published: January 2011

The aluminum metal matrix composites (Al MMCs) reinforced by SiC particles with different sizes (25 nm, 150 nm and 3.5 m) were fabricated by powder metallurgy technique, and the microstructure and tensile properties of the Al MMCs were investigated. When the volume fraction of SiC particles is fixed to be 5 %, the Al MMCs reinforced by nanosized and submicron particles exhibit much higher ultimate tensile strength and yield strength, and much lower ductility compared with those of the non-reinforced aluminum. However, for the MMC reinforced by 3.5 m SiC particles, almost no strengthening effect is found. The strengthening effect of the Al MMCs is analyzed in terms of dislocation mechanism. Moreover, the tensile fracture surface shows that the damage mechanism of the Al MMCs can be changed as the size of SiC particles is changed.
The Effect of Nano-Filler on the Damping Properties of Polyacrylic Damping Paint
Authors: Chen Peng , Liu Yang , Di Ming Wei
Published: January 2011

The dynamic mechanical properties of the blends of polyacrylic ester and various nano-fillers and the effect of nano-filler on the damping properties of polyacrylic ester damping paint were studied by using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in this paper. The experiment results showed that the glass-transition temperature (Tg), loss factor peak value and effective damping temperature range for the polyacrylic ester damping paint changed correspondingly after blended with various nano-fillers. The damping properties and effective damping temperature range of the polyacrylic ester damping paint would be improved effectively by adding nano-polyacrylic ester rubber filler; the nano-silicon dioxide could enhance the damping properties for the polyacrylic ester damping paint, but the degree of improvement for effective damping temperature range was inferior to nano-polyacrylic ester rubber filler; and the nano-calcium carbonate could also improve the damping properties of the damping paint, but the effective damping temperature range was hardly improved.
Optimization of SiOx/PET Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering Technology Based on Orthogonal Experiment
Authors: Zhi Hui , Sun Zhi Hui , Lin Jing
Published: January 2011

The SiOx thin films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering physical vapor technology on the substrates of 20μm polyethylene terephthalate（PET）, using a pure SiO2 target. An L15 (33) orthogonal experiment was designed with three factors and three values including deposition time, sputtering power, sputtering pressure. Using OTR test the effect of process parameters were researched. The primary and secondary sequence of the design parameters were acquired by the quadratic multinomial. The result showed that deposition time affected more strongly the OTR of the films than the sputtering pressure, the sputtering power affected least between them. The best SiOx thin films were prepared at a deposition time of 27.9min，a sputtering power of 1825W，a sputtering pressure of 0.3455Pa. The calculated OTR was 0.8387 cc/(m2×day)，which was consistent with the test one.
The Single Factor Research on the Optimal Conditions of Laccase Immobilization on the Resin
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Yong Qiang , Ren Jing , Wang Bin Song , Zhao Min
Published: January 2011

The optimal conditions of immobilization were obtained: the optimization of crosslinking agent concentration 10%, crosslinking time 2 hours、crosslinking temperature 40°C, pH 6.0, enzyme dilute multiples 500, PEB ion concentration 2.0M, immobilization time 6h and immobilization temperature 30°C, respectively.
Removal Efficiency of Virus Aerosols Using Carbon Nanotube Plasma
Authors: Huang Yi Chin , Yang Shin Hao , Luo Chin Hsiang , Lin Yi Chang , Jimmy Chuang Cheng Ping , Fang Wei , Chuang Chi Yu
Published: January 2011

This work aims to remove virus bioaerosol by using carbon nanotube corona discharge plasma technology. The λ virus bioaerosols are generated using a Collison nebulizer, as the challenged bioaerosols. Exactly how various factors, including the flow rate (30, 60, and 90 lpm) and the operating voltages (-1.5, -3.0, -4.5, -6.0, and -7.5 kV), affect the bioaerosol reduction characteristics is also evaluated. Experimental results indicate that the corona discharge while using the carbon nanotube electrodes obviously decreases the threshold voltage of plasma. The removal efficiencies of λ virus bioaerosols by using the carbon nanotube corona discharge system at discharge voltages of -1.5, -3.0, -4.5, -6.0, and -7.5 kV are 53%, 60%, 68%, 89%, and 91%, respectively. Additionally, the corona discharge system that incorporates use of the carbon nanotube electrodes performs far superior to that incorporates the use of the stainless steel electrodes in terms of bioaerosol removal efficiency.
Research on Cell Model of a Housing Unit
Authors: Shi Jian Gang , Shi Kun
Published: January 2011

Housing unit is studied as cell in this paper. The cell model analyzes structure and usage of each primary apartment and room of a housing unit in a view of a biological cell. Individual human person is abstracted as ATP and electron in this model, and it is demonstrated that human has the dominant impact on urban management and social administration as an electron in a living organism.
Spatial Patterns of Lightning-Ignited Forest Fires in Daxing’an Mountains, Heilongjiang Province, China, 1973-1997
Authors: Guo Fu Tao , Hu Hai Qing , Sun Long , Ma Zhi Hai
Published: January 2011

The spatial pattern of forest fire locations is of interest for fire occurrence prediction. A spatial statistical analysis of lightning-caused fires in the province of Heilongjiang, China, between 1973 and 1997, was carried out to investigate the spatial pattern of fires, the way they depart from randomness, and the scales at which spatial correlation occurs. Fire locations were found to be spatially clustered. The results also showed that there are some “hot-point” areas in DaXing’an Ling.
Quantitative Identification of Defects in Lumber Based on Modal Frequencies and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Ni Song Yuan , Xu Hua Dong , Wang Li Hai
Published: January 2011

This study preliminarily discussed a new method to identify the location and size of internal wood defects using experimental modal analysis (EMA) and artificial neural network. The different defect sizes and locations were simulated by removing mass from intact wood specimens. At room temperature in the laboratory, free vibration testing was conducted to generate the frequency response functions (FRF) of intact and defective Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) wood specimens using fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis system. The first three orders intrinsic frequencies were captured by picking up the location of each order peak of FRF curves. Then, two identification indexes developed by previous research were constructed based on these intrinsic frequencies, and they were used as input parameters to build the networks for localization and size determination of wood defects respectively. These two artificial neural networks were trained and tested for wood defects recognition. The research results showed that: (1) the intrinsic frequencies of defective wood were lower than those of intact wood; and (2) the constructed two identification indexes were capable to effectively detect the location and size of wood defects, which were more sensitive to large size defects than small size defects.