bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Kind of blurry”: Deciphering clues to prevent, investigate and manage prescribing cascades
Authors: Farrell Barbara , Galley Emily , Jeffs Lianne , Howell Pam , McCarthy Lisa M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Prescribing cascades, where a medication is used to treat the side effect of another medication, contribute to polypharmacy and related morbidity. Little is known about clinicians’ and patients’ experiences with prescribing cascades. In this study, we explored why and how prescribing cascades occur across a variety of care settings and how they are managed.

Methods and findings

This descriptive qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with older adults who may have experienced a prescribing cascade(s), their caregivers, and healthcare providers. Interviewees were recruited through physician referral from a Geriatric Day Hospital, two long-term care homes in Ottawa, Ontario, and through self-referral across Ontario, Canada. An inductive approach was used to code data and determine themes. Thirty-one interviews were conducted for ten unique patient cases. Some interviewees were involved in more than one case, resulting in 22 unique interviewees. Three themes were identified. First, recognition of prescribing cascades is linked to awareness of medication side effects. Second, investigation and management of prescribing cascades is simultaneous and iterative (rather than linear and sequential). Third, prevention of prescribing cascades requires intentional strategies to help people anticipate and recognize medication side effects. Difficulty with recruitment from both long-term care homes and through self-referral was the central limitation. This exemplifies challenges associated with studying a poorly recognized and underexplored phenomenon.

Conclusions

In order to better recognize, investigate and manage prescribing cascades, clinicians and patients need to know more about medication side effects; they need to ask ‘can this be caused by a drug?’ when signs and symptoms arise or worsen; and they need access to information about medication experiences to have benefit-risk discussions and make decisions about deprescribing. Approaches for raising public awareness of prescribing cascades should be trialed to raise the profile of this issue and facilitate continued exploration of the phenomenon.
A feedback mechanism controls rDNA copy number evolution in yeast independently of natural selection
Authors: Arnau Vicente , Barba-Aliaga Marina , Singh Gaurav , Ferri Javier , García-Martínez José , Pérez-Ortín José E.
Published: September 2022

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is the genetic loci that encodes rRNA in eukaryotes. It is typically arranged as tandem repeats that vary in copy number within the same species. We have recently shown that rDNA repeats copy number in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is controlled by cell volume via a feedback circuit that senses cell volume by means of the concentration of the free upstream activator factor (UAF). The UAF strongly binds the rDNA gene promoter, but is also able to repress SIR2 deacetylase gene transcription that, in turn, represses rDNA amplification. In this way, the cells with a smaller DNA copy number than what is optimal evolve to increase that copy number until they reach a number that sequestrates free UAF and provokes SIR2 derepression that, in turn, blocks rDNA amplification. Here we propose a mathematical model to show that this evolutionary process can amplify rDNA repeats independently of the selective advantage of yeast cells having bigger or smaller rDNA copy numbers. We test several variants of this process and show that it can explain the observed experimental results independently of natural selection. These results predict that an autoregulated feedback circuit may, in some instances, drive to non Darwinian deterministic evolution for a limited time period.
Insufficient yet improving involvement of the global south in top sustainability science publications
Authors: Dangles Olivier , Struelens Quentin , Ba Mame-Penda , Bonzi-Coulibaly Yvonne , Charvis Philippe , Emmanuel Evens , González Almario Carolina , Hanich Lahoucine , Koita Ousmane , León-Velarde Fabiola , Mburu Yvonne K. , Ntoumi Francine , Restrepo Silvia , Vidal Laurent
Published: September 2022

The creation of global research partnerships is critical to produce shared knowledge for the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Sustainability science promotes the coproduction of inter- and transdisciplinary knowledge, with the expectation that studies will be carried out through groups and truly collaborative networks. As a consequence, sustainability research, in particular that published in high impact journals, should lead the way in terms of ethical partnership in scientific collaboration. Here, we examined this issue through a quantitative analysis of the articles published inNature Sustainability(300 papers by 2135 authors) andNature(2994 papers by 46,817 authors) from January 2018 to February 2021. Focusing on these journals allowed us to test whether research published under the banner of sustainability science favoured a more equitable involvement of authors from countries belonging to different income categories, by using the journalNatureas a control. While the findings provide evidence of still insufficient involvement of Low-and-Low-Middle-Income-Countries (LLMICs) inNature Sustainabilitypublications, they also point to promising improvements in the involvement of such authors. Proportionally, there were 4.6 times more authors from LLMICs inNature Sustainabilitythan inNaturearticles, and 68.8–100% of local Global South studies were conducted with host country scientists (reflecting the discouragement of parachute research practices), with local scientists participating in key research steps. We therefore provide evidence of the promising, yet still insufficient, involvement of low-income countries in top sustainability science publications and discuss ongoing initiatives to improve this.
Cortisol response under low intensity exercise during cognitive-behavioral therapy is associated with therapeutic outcome in panic disorder–an exploratory study
Authors: Wintermann Gloria-Beatrice , Noack René , Steudte-Schmiedgen Susann , Weidner Kerstin
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Patients with Panic Disorder (PD) show an abnormal stress-induced functioning of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. Different protocols for stress induction are of rather low relevance for the psychotherapeutic treatment. In practice, interoceptive exposure is often realized as Low Intensity Exercise (LIE), as compared to an incremental cycle exercise test to exhaustion. Currently, it is not known, whether LIE displays an effective interoceptive stressor 1.) leading to a significant anxiety induction; 2.) a comparable HPA- and Sympathetic-Adreno-Medullar (SAM)-axis response in both patients and healthy controls; 3.) stress responses under LIE are associated with treatment outcomes.

Patients and methods

N = 20 patients with PD and n = 20 healthy controls were exposed to ten minutes of LIE on an exercise bike. LIE was applied as part of the interoceptive exposure, during an intensive Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in a day clinic. Heart rate was monitored and salivary cortisol samples collected. Before and after the LIE, state anxiety/ arousal were assessed. In order to evaluate psychopathology, the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale, Mobility Inventory, Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire and Body Sensations Questionnaire were applied, before (T1) and after five weeks (T2) of an intensive CBT.

Results

LIE led to a significant and similar heart rate increase in both groups. Cortisol decreased over time in both groups, especially in male patients. A higher psychopathology before, and after CBT, was associated with a significantly lower cortisol response under LIE.

Conclusions

In the present study, LIE led to a divergent stress response: while there was a significant heart rate increase, cortisol decreased over time, particularly in male patients. A lower reactivity of the HPA-axis seems to be associated with a lower treatment outcome, which may affect extinction based learning. The findings suggest, that interoceptive stimuli should be designed carefully in order to be potent stressors.
Toward elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Malawi: Findings from the Malawi Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (2015–2016)
Authors: Kim Evelyn , Jonnalagadda Sasi , Cuervo-Rojas Juliana , Jahn Andreas , Payne Danielle , West Christine , Ogollah Francis , Maida Alice , Kayira Dumbani , Nyirenda Rose , Dobbs Trudy , Patel Hetal , Radin Elizabeth , Voetsch Andrew , Auld Andrew
Published: September 2022

Background

Malawi spearheaded the development and implementation of Option B+ for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), providing life-long ART for all HIV-positive pregnant and breastfeeding women. We used data from the 2015–2016 Malawi Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (MPHIA) to estimate progress toward 90-90-90 targets (90% of those with HIV know their HIV-positive status; of these, 90% are receiving ART; and of these, 90% have viral load suppression [VLS]) for HIV-positive women reporting a live birth in the previous 3 years.

Methods

MPHIA was a nationally representative household survey; consenting eligible women aged 15–64 years were interviewed on pregnancies and outcomes, including HIV status during their most recent pregnancy, PMTCT uptake, and early infant diagnosis (EID) testing. Descriptive analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey design. Viral load (VL) results were categorized by VLS (<1,000 copies/mL) and undetectable VL (target not detected/below the limit of detection).

Results

Of the 3,153 women included in our analysis, 371 (10.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.8%–11.3%) tested HIV positive in the survey. Most HIV-positive women (84.2%, 95% CI: 79.9%–88.6%) reported knowing their HIV-positive status; of these, 94.9% (95% CI: 91.7%–98.2%) were receiving ART; and of these, 91.2% (95% CI: 87.4%–95.0%) had VLS. Among the 371 HIV-positive women, 76.0% (95% CI: 70.4%–81.7%) had VLS and 66.5% (95% CI: 59.8%–73.2%) had undetectable VL. Among 262 HIV-exposed children, 50.8% (95% CI: 42.8%–58.8%) received EID testing within 2 months of birth, whereas 17.9% (95% CI: 11.9%–23.8%) did not receive EID testing. Of 190 HIV-exposed children with a reported HIV test result, 2.1% (95% CI: 0.0%–4.6%) had positive results.

Conclusions

MPHIA data demonstrate high PMTCT uptake at a population level. However, our results identify some gaps in VLS in postpartum women and EID testing.
Routine clinical chemistry and haematological test reference intervals for healthy adults in the Bhutanese population
Authors: Dorji Kuenzang , ChhodenR Sonam , Wangchuk Kinley , Zangpo Sonam , Tenzin Shacha , Dawa Chenga , Samal Puja Devi , Nima  , Tshering Jigme , Wangmo Choney , Zangpo Sonam , Dorji Kinley , Tshewang Sonam
Published: September 2022

Laboratory medicine plays a critical role in the modern healthcare system, and it is reported to influence 60–70% of clinical decision makings. The quantitative laboratory test results are interpreted by comparing to the Reference Intervals (RIs) and therefore the use of appropriate RIs is critical. Clinical laboratories in Bhutan have been randomly using RIs from textbooks and manufacturer’s package inserts without even verifying their applicability and therefore lessening their contribution to clinical decision makings. To improve the healthcare service delivery in Bhutan, this study aims to establish routine clinical chemistry and haematological test RIs for healthy adults in the Bhutanese population. Out of 1150 (male, n = 570; female, n = 580) healthy Bhutanese adults listed for the study through a simple random sampling technique, 1002 (male, n = 405; female, n = 597) individuals were assessed and 815 (male, n = 372; female, n = 443) individuals were enrolled in the study. An adequate volume of venous blood was drawn from these participants with the use of standard phlebotomy technique for clinical chemistry and haematological analysis. The laboratory data were analysed with the use of statistical methods recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. After excluding the test results indicating underlying pathology and statistically detected outliers, a maximum of 775 (male, n = 346; female, n = 429) and 784 (male, n = 351; female, n = 433) individuals test values were eligible for clinical chemistry and haematology RIs establishment respectively. Statistically, there were no significant differences between age groups of same-sex for both test categories; however, significant differences between sex were observed for various test parameters in both test categories. Our RIs are generally comparable to other published literature. The established RIs are applicable to all the adult Bhutanese population; however, clinical laboratories should validate the transference of these RIs before using them for clinical purposes.
Meals, Microbiota and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents (MMM-Study): A protocol for an observational longitudinal case-control study
Authors: Asbjornsdottir Birna , Lauth Bertrand , Fasano Alessio , Thorsdottir Inga , Karlsdottir Ingibjorg , Gudmundsson Larus S. , Gottfredsson Magnus , Smarason Orri , Sigurdardottir Sigurveig , Halldorsson Thorhallur I. , Marteinsson Viggo Thor , Gudmundsdottir Valborg , Birgisdottir Bryndis Eva
Published: September 2022

Recent studies indicate that the interplay between diet, intestinal microbiota composition, and intestinal permeability can impact mental health. More than 10% of children and adolescents in Iceland suffer from mental disorders, and rates of psychotropics use are very high. The aim of this novel observational longitudinal case-control study, “Meals, Microbiota and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents (MMM-Study)” is to contribute to the promotion of treatment options for children and adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders through identification of patterns that may affect the symptoms. All children and adolescents, 5–15 years referred to the outpatient clinic of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department at The National University Hospital in Reykjavik, Iceland, for one year (n≈150) will be invited to participate. There are two control groups, i.e., sex-matched children from the same postal area (n≈150) and same parent siblings (full siblings) in the same household close in age +/- 3 years (n<150). A three-day food diary, rating scales for mental health, and multiple questionnaires will be completed. Biosamples (fecal-, urine-, saliva-, blood samples, and buccal swab) will be collected and used for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the oral and gut microbiome, measurements of serum factors, quantification of urine metabolites and host genotype, respectively. For longitudinal follow-up, data collection will be repeated after three years in the same groups. Integrative analysis of diet, gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, serum metabolites, and mental health will be conducted applying bioinformatics and systems biology approaches. Extensive population-based data of this quality has not been collected before, with collection repeated in three years’ time, contributing to the high scientific value. The MMM-study follows the “Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology” (STROBE) guidelines. Approval has been obtained from the Icelandic National Bioethics Committee, and the study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov. The study will contribute to an improved understanding of the links between diet, gut microbiota and mental health in children through good quality study design by collecting information on multiple components, and a longitudinal approach. Furthermore, the study creates knowledge on possibilities for targeted and more personalized dietary and lifestyle interventions in subgroups.

Trial registration numbers: VSN-19-225 & NCT04330703.
Views of advance care planning in older hospitalized patients following an emergency admission: A qualitative study
Authors: Bielinska Anna-Maria , Soosaipillai Gehan , Riley Julia , Darzi Ara , Urch Catherine , Archer Stephanie
Published: September 2022

Background

There is increasing evidence of the need to consider advance care planning (ACP) for older adults who have been recently admitted to hospital as an emergency. However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding how to facilitate ACP following acute illness in later life.

Aim/Objectives

To explore the perceived impact of ACP on the lives of older persons aged 70+ who have been acutely admitted to hospital.

Method

Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with older adults aged 70+ who were admitted to hospital as an emergency. Thematic analysis was enhanced by dual coding and exploration of divergent views within an interdisciplinary team.

Results

Twenty participants were interviewed. Thematic analysis generated the following themes: (1) Bespoke planning to holistically support a sense of self, (2) ACP as a socio-cultural phenomenon advocating for older persons rights, (3) The role of personal relationships, (4) Navigating unfamiliar territory and (5) Harnessing resources.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that maintaining a sense of personal identity and protecting individuals’ wishes and rights during ACP is important to older adults who have been acutely unwell. Following emergency hospitalization, older persons believe that ACP must be supported by a network of relationships and resources, improving the likelihood of adequate preparation to navigate the uncertainties of future care in later life. Therefore, emergency hospitalization in later life, and the uncertainty that may follow, may provide a catalyst for patients, carers and healthcare professionals to leverage existing or create new relationships and target resources to enable ACP, in order to uphold older persons’ identity, rights and wishes following acute illness.
A rapid RT-LAMP SARS-CoV-2 screening assay for collapsing asymptomatic COVID-19 transmission
Authors: Allsopp Rebecca C. , Cowley Caroline M. , Barber Ruth C. , Jones Carolyn , Holmes Christopher W. , Bird Paul W. , Gohil Shailesh G. , Blackmore Claire , Tobin Martin D. , Brunskill Nigel , Baker Philip N. , Shaw Jacqui A.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To demonstrate the diagnostic performance of rapid SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP assays, comparing the performance of genomic versus sub-genomic sequence target with subsequent application in an asymptomatic screening population.

Methods

RT-LAMP diagnostic specificity (DSe) and sensitivity (DSe) was determined using 114 RT-PCR clinically positive and 88 RT-PCR clinically negative swab samples processed through the diagnostic RT-PCR service within the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust. A swab-based RT-LAMP SARS-CoV-2 screening programme was subsequently made available to all staff and students at the University of Leicester (Autumn 2020), implemented to ISO 15189:2012 standards using NHS IT infrastructure and supported by University Hospital Leicester via confirmatory NHS diagnostic laboratory testing of RT-LAMP ‘positive’ samples.

Results

Validation samples reporting a Ct < 20 were detected at 100% DSe and DSp, reducing to 95% DSe (100% DSp) for all samples reporting a Ct < 30 (both genomic dual sub-genomic assays). Advisory screening identified nine positive cases in 1680 symptom free individuals (equivalent to 540 cases per 100,000) with results reported back to participants and feed into national statistics within 48 hours.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates the utility of a rapid RT-LAMP assay for collapsing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in an asymptomatic screening population.
Impact of Belgian COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on autistic individuals’ socio-communicative behaviors and their parents’ quality of life
Authors: Weyland Marielle , Maes Pauline , Kissine Mikhail , Defresne Pierre
Published: August 2022

Background

In the spring of 2020, Belgian authorities enforced a full lockdown period to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This lockdown drastically disrupted the daily life of autistic individuals’ and that of their families. In the midst of these extraordinary circumstances, we assessed the impact of social restrictions on autistic individuals’ behavior and their parents’ or caregivers’ quality of life; we also sought to identify individual characteristics that may influence such changes.

Methods

We designed an online survey targeting caregivers living with an autistic child or adult. The questionnaire included 125 five-point Likert questions which targeted changes in families’ quality of life and in autistic individuals’ behavior, as well as factors likely to influence the extent and direction of these changes.

Results

We collected data from 209 French-speaking Belgian respondents. Respondents reported that the lockdown brought about a higher frequency of nonfunctional socio-communicative behaviors, as well as a decrease in families’ quality of life. Parents who had less access to respite care experienced a steeper decrease in their quality of life. Autistic individuals with comorbidities, and whose parents had less access to respite care and implemented fewer rules at home during lockdown were more likely to display nonfunctional socio-communicative behaviors.

Conclusion

COVID-19 lockdown restrictions had a negative impact on both autistic individuals and their parents.
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies
Authors: Du Hongzhen , Zhang Tianfeng , Lu Xuning , Chen Meicui , Li Xiaoling , Li Zengning
Published: September 2022

Objective

Glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) has been investigated in the field of cancer research for several years. However, the relationship between GI or GL and lung cancer risk remains inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize previous findings on this relationship.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and Cochrane Library were searched by July 2021. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A fixed or random-effects model was adopted for meta-analysis to compute the pooled relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias analyses were also performed.

Results

In total, nine articles were included, with four case-control studies and five cohort studies, including 17,019 cases and 786,479 controls. After merging the studies, pooled multivariable RRs of lung cancer based on the highest versus the lowest intake were 1.14 (95%CI: 1.03–1.26) and 0.93 (95%CI: 0.84–1.02) for GI and GL. Results persisted in most stratifications after stratifying by potential confounders in the relationship between GI and lung cancer risk. There was a non-linear dose response relation for GI with lung caner risk.

Conclusion

GI typically has a positive relationship with lung cancer risk. However, no associations between GL and lung cancer risk were observed based on current evidence, suggesting that this issue should be studied and verified further to substantiate these findings.
Associations of trait emotional intelligence and stress with anxiety in Chinese medical students
Authors: Shi Meng , Lu XiaoShi , Du TianJiao
Published: September 2022

Background

Medical students are vulnerable to anxiety. Identifying its key influencing factors can potentially benefit both students and their future patients. Trait emotional intelligence (EI) and perceived stress may play important roles in anxiety. The main objective of this study was to examine the associations between trait EI, perceived stress and anxiety among Chinese medical students.

Materials and methods

Self-report questionnaires, consisting of the Chinese versions of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form, the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and demographic section were distributed to 1500 students at three medical universities in China. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between trait EI, perceived stress and anxiety. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were utilized to examine the mediating effect of perceived stress.

Results

A total number of 1388 medical students became final participants. After adjustment for demographics, while trait EI was strongly and negatively associated with anxiety, accounting for 21.1% of its variance, perceived stress was strongly and positively related to anxiety, explaining an additional 10.0% of the variance. Stress appeared to have a mediating effect on the association between trait EI and anxiety in students with high and moderate levels of stress, but not in low stress group.

Conclusions

Both constructs of trait EI and perceived stress could be of vital importance to understand anxiety in medical students. Evidence-based strategies to enhance trait EI and reduce perceived stress might be undertaken to prevent and treat anxiety in the students.
Content of some heavy metals in plants of Artemisia gmelinii Web. et Stechm (Transbaikal Territory)
Authors: Leskova O. A. , Bondarevich E. A. , Kotsyurzhinskaya N. N. , Leskov А. P.
Published: August 2022

The paper presents research data on the content of chemical elements (Fe, Mn, Ti, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni) in a plant Artemisia gmelinii Web. eх Stechm, growing on the territory of the Transbaikal Territory. It has been established that most of the studied elements are concentrated in the aboveground phytomass of the plant. The maximum average concentrations are recorded for iron, manganese and titanium. Only zinc accumulates in the leaves of the studied species. Nutrients chemical elements as copper and nickel are evenly distributed throughout the plant. For copper, zinc and lead, exceed-ances of the maximum permissible concentrations were recorded (for dry vegetables).
The current state of Ulmus pumila L. in shelterbelts dry steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia
Authors: Lobanov A. I. , Kravtsova L. P. , Gordeeva G. N. , Kut’kina N. V.
Published: August 2022

One of the most effective and cheapest ways to reduce environmental stress on arable land is forest shelterbelts. Elm (Ulmus pumila L.) is the main tree species used in field-protective afforestation in the dry steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia. The studies were carried out in field-protective forest belts of different planting methods, consisting of Ulmus pumila, growing in the Koibal steppe of the Beisky district of the Republic of Khakassia. Here, using modern techniques, temporary trial plots were laid. The aim of the study was to study the current state of life of elm shelterbelts in the dry steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia. The features of growth, preservation, natural regeneration and sanitary condition of elm forests on trial plots are analyzed depending on the planting methods and the design of forest plantations growing on underdeveloped chestnut sandy loamy soil. It has been established that the best condition of elm trees (1.7-2.2 points) 31 years after planting is noted in forest belts with a checkerboard arrangement of trees, and the worst (2.8-3.2 points) is in forest belts with row plant placement, which is necessary take into account when creating a new generation of shelterbelts.
Ecologo-geographical research of Poa botryoides (Trin. ex Griseb.) Kom. (Poaceae)
Authors: Olonova M. V.
Published: August 2022

Poa botryoides (Trin. ex Griseb.) Kom. is a predominantly Siberian mountain-steppe species, occupying an intermediate position between P stepposa (Kryl.) Roshev. and P attenuata Trin., from which it is poorly isolated morphologically. A digital map of P botryoides distribution was compiled, based on 143 localities, revealed from herbarium materials and reliable literary sources; the ecologo-climatic niche of this species was constructed on the basis of 19 climatic parameters. The histograms revealed similarities between the precipitation plots of the driest quarter and the coldest quarters, as well as the wettest and warmest quarters. This can be explained by the high correlation between the season and the amount of precipitation. Two-dimensional “climatic envelopes” constructed both for the average annual values of temperature and precipitation, and for the values of temperature and precipitation during the growing season, showed the spread of values, as well as the number of individuals in atypical climatic conditions. Maps reflecting the spatial location of these “atypical” points showed that most of them are located in the humid regions of the Far East, which makes us pay more attention to the P. botryoides samples collected in these territories.
Collection of the Botanical garden of the Samara University of introduced plant species of local and non-district flora
Authors: Ruzaeva I. V. , Pavlova E. A. , Nakrainikova D. D.
Published: August 2022

The species composition of the collection of rare, endemic and relict plants of various categories of rarity of the Department of Flora of Samara University is analyzed. The spectrum of rare plants cultivated in the botanical garden and other thematic areas of open ground is summarized and presented. The collection includes more than 1100 species from 61 families and 248 genera. Many species are listed in the regional Red Books and lists of rare plants. In the collection, 51 species are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, 73 - from the Red Book of the Samara region. Protected species account for almost 40 % of the number of species represented in the collection. All plants are of natural origin, some species have two or more geographical samples.
Proposal to include Cosmarium striolatum in the Red Books of the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk Regions
Authors: Shakhmatov A. S.
Published: August 2022

The paper contains a proposal to include Cosmarium striolatum (Nageli) W. Archer 1861 in the Red Books of the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions of the Russian Federation in the category of a rare species (category 3), or as a species with an uncertain status (category 4). Information about the distribution of C. striolatum in the world, as well as data on the finding of the species in the Middle Urals were given.
Effectiveness of Eccentric Exercises Along with Conventional Physiotherapy in Patellar Fracture
Authors: Karishma Anurag Kapur  , Amreen Shaikh  , Balchandra Kadse
Published: September 2022

Fractures of the patella are often reported in individuals with multiple injuries. It comprises 2.8% of all fractures,[1] most of which are middle-aged and employed adult population. Various studies have revealed that all fractures have resulted from high-energy blow or trauma of direct compressive and indirect forces caused due to industrial accidents which often involve the articulating surfaces along with the soft tissue.[2] Various literature reviews have focused to manage patellar fractures with open reduction internal fixation. Most patellar fractures require Kirschner wire, and anterior tension band screws as the patella have a mechanical advantage over quadriceps muscle which increases its leverage.[3] Despite the rigid fixation, there is loss of knee range of motion and stiffness postoperatively due to the fibrosis in the healing phase. Knee stiffness involves the severe restriction of the flexion, extension and knee joint pain along with muscle atrophy.[4] Several studies have reported the problems like knee effusion, pain, and quadriceps atrophy postoperatively which should be paid attention to.

Several rehabilitation guidelines are available for postoperative knee stiffness but none of the guidelines is universally accepted. No guideline discusses and concludes the specific rehabilitation technique[5] but indeed is suggestive mention of a common goal. As per the standard exercise, prescription protocol guidelines are considered for specific mode intensity, repetition, and duration of exercises followed during formulating the exercise programme.
A História Natural e a divulgação pedagógica das classificações da quina no final do XVIII, como parte de um programa ilustrado de produção de conhecimento botânico na América espanhola.
Authors: Torres-Londoño Fernando
Published: September 2022

Na América Hispânica do fim século XVIII, a história natural foi-se tornando um campo de saber acessível a um público que ia além de uns poucos botânicos e médicos, devido à presença de empreendimentos de comunicação como o periódico Mercurio Peruano, editado em Lima entre 1790 e 1795. Este artigo monstra que a história natural, como um campo de saber definido por um método fundamentado na observação, na experiência e na produção de nomenclaturas, encontrou em produtos nativos, como a quina, a oportunidade de produzir, a partir da América, descobertas, classificações, procedimentos de manipulação e mercadorias, destinadas a contribuir para a glória da Espanha bourbônica. Ao mesmo tempo, e com patriotismo precoce, os jovens do Mercurio Peruano colocavam o continente e os homens que aqui se dedicavam à ciência em pé de igualdade com seus colegas da Europa, projetando a possibilidade de um elo de conhecimento que vinculava a “montanha”, Lima e Madri.
Entre o “melhoramento reclamado pela ciência” e os “sentimentos religiosos da população”
Authors: Perini Julia Freire
Published: September 2022

Este artigo analisa jornais, relatórios de presidente de província e de estado, bem como os documentos da Inspetoria de Higiene do Espírito Santo no final do século XIX e início do XX com o objetivo de entender as transformações do sentido da morte e do morrer ocorridos na capital capixaba durante o período em tela. O ‘atraso’ da remoção dos cemitérios da região central da cidade chama a atenção, pois ao contrário de outras capitais brasileiras, a construção de um campo santo extramuros em Vitória apenas pôde se concretizar na segunda década do século XX. À luz desse desfecho extemporâneo, o artigo sustenta que, diante do embate entre a visão católica e os ditames modernos sobre a morte, prevaleceram os interesses de parcela da elite agroexportadora local. Esta não apenas influenciou o envio de verbas às obras de infraestrutura de seu interesse, como postergou a construção de um novo cemitério, sobrepondo seus interesses econômicos de curto prazo aos benefícios da saúde coletiva da população capixaba.

Palavras-chave: Morte, Medicina, Urbanização, Modernidade.
The 2020 Presidential Election and Should Social Media Laws that Affect the Outcome of Intellectual Property Laws Be Dramatically Changed?
Authors: Buresh, Ph.D. Esq Donald L.
Published: September 2022

In light of the 2020 Presidential election, this essay asks whether social media laws that affect the outcome of intellectual property be dramatically changed. The article outlines the relationship between Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act and the various intellectual property laws, including the four privacy torts, copyright laws, trade secret laws, patent laws, trademark laws, and right of publicity laws. Intellectual property is addressed because intellectual property is typically the content of social media sites. The Communications Decency is analyzed in detail, pointing out that members of both sides of the political aisle seem to believe that the Act gives social media companies tremendous political power to make or break existing members of Congress and future candidates. The paper concludes that the answer to the above question is yes.
The Effects of Cumulative Stressful Educational Events on the Mental Health of Doctoral Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sideropoulos Vassilis , Midouhas Emily , Kokosi Dora , Brinkert Jana , Wong Keri Ka-Yee , Kambouri Maria A.
Published: September 2022

High rates of psychological distress including anxiety and depression are common in the doctoral community and the learning environment has a role to play. With the COVID-19 pandemic taking a toll on mental health it is necessary to explore the risk and protective factors for this population. Using data from the Covid-19: Global Study of Social Trust and Mental Health, the present study examined the relationship between COVID-19-related stressful educational experiences and doctoral students’ mental health problems. Moreover, it assessed the role of attentional ability and coping skills in promoting good mental health.

155 doctoral students completed an online survey where micro-, meso- and macro-level educational stressors were measured. The Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire were used to measure depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. We also measured coping skills using a 13-item scale and attentional ability using a questionnaire.

The results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that specific stressful educational experiences were unrelated but cumulative stressful educational experiences were related to increased depression symptoms (but not anxiety symptoms) in fully adjusted models. Additionally, higher coping skills and attentional ability were related to fewer depression and anxiety symptoms. Finally, no associations between demographics and other covariates and mental health problems were found.

The experience of multiple educational stressful events in their learning environment due to COVID-19 is a key risk factor for increased mental illness in the doctoral community. This could be explained by the uncertainty that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused to the students.
POLÍTICA DE SAÚDE AMBIENTAL NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA EM BELO HORIZONTE SOB A ÓTICA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO URBANO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Cruz Daniela de Almeida Ochoa , Serpa Daniela , Pereira Paula Campos , Cruz Scarlet Ochoa Azevedo , De Almeida Vanessa
Published: September 2022

A Atenção Primária Ambiental (APA) consiste em estratégias ambientais preventivas e participativas e deve ser executada com a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), contando com a atuação dos profissionais e gestores da saúde e comunidade. O presente artigo apresenta o resultado do estudo transversal da APA do município de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, cuja metodologia consistiu em aplicar instrumentos semiestruturados com usuários, profissionais de saúde e gerentes das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) dos nove distritos sanitários de Belo Horizonte. Os principais resultados da pesquisa demonstram que a maioria dos usuários, profissionais de saúde, gestores e gerentes não conhecem ou não desenvolvem ações de saúde ambiental na área de abrangência onde residem e/ou trabalham. Verificou-se, portanto, que a temática ambiental precisa ser abordada com mais intensidade para os gestores e profissionais da Saúde, bem como para usuários, por meio da educação permanente. Para fortalecimento desse ideal, é fundamental a criação de instrumentos para atuação de determinadas categorias das Equipes de Saúde da Família, como o Agente de Combate a Endemias (ACE) que poderia acompanhar áreas de risco ambiental em seu território de atuação, acrescentando e apoiando a sistematização do escopo das ações da Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental (VSA), dessa forma, contribuiria para a construção de uma política municipal de saúde ambiental com diretrizes a serem continuadas pelos profissionais da Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental, articuladas com as ações da APS, e em conformidade com o conceito de APA pela Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde.
Sonoplastia e sentido
Authors: Lignelli César , Magalhães Pablo , Mayer Guilherme
Published: September 2022

Este artigo é fruto de problemas teórico-práticos desenvolvidos no âmbito do Grupo de Pesquisa Vocalidade & Cena (CNPq desde 2003) que envolvem relações de produção de sentido (Bakhtin 1997) entre sonoridades e visualidades da cena. Tem por objetivo dar continuidade e detalhar uma perspectiva do conceito de sonoplastia no âmbito das artes cênicas apresentadas inicialmente em Lignelli (2014). Para tal, realizamos o estado da arte da noção de sonoplastia em português e dialogamos com Schafer (2011) no que diz respeito aos conceitos de som fundamental, sinal e marca sonoros. Para fins metodológicos, dividimos o texto em pequenas seções com subtítulos metafóricos perpassados por exemplos de variáveis de uma cena hipotética advinda de um vendedor de coco. Concomitantemente, entrelaçamos esta cena com derivações do conceito analisado visando a acessibilidade e a aplicabilidade da proposta.
Recursos didáticos no ensino de Geografia
Authors: Martins Ian Moura , Gomes Igor Bergamo Anjos , Borges Teresa Cristina Cantanhede , Garces Junior Audivan Ribeiro
Published: September 2022

O presente trabalho analisa a utilização de recursos didáticos que podem ser aplicados no ensino de Geografia, sobretudo, no contexto do ensino remoto e híbrido, recursos esses que podem ser produzidos manualmente ou via aplicativos/programas. Em seu percurso metodológico, este estudo consistiu em uma pesquisa participante de base fenomenológica organizada em quatro etapas: aplicação do questionário de sondagem; oficina sobre as categorias geográficas e recursos didáticos; construção dos recursos; e finalizando com o questionário de avaliação, que possibilitou compreender se e como os alunos assimilaram as categorias geográficas Lugar e Paisagem, bem como a operacionalização delas por intermédio dos recursos didáticos. A análise dos dados permitiu apontar a necessidade de se pensar em metodologias e o uso de recursos alternativos para aperfeiçoar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Dentre todos os recursos didáticos utilizados no estudo, o quiz foi o mais bem avaliado pelos alunos em razão de sua dinamicidade. O resultado apontou que os recursos didáticos podem potencializar o ensino de Geografia, mas, para aplicá-los é de extrema importância que o pesquisador/professor conheça antes de tudo as demandas de sua comunidade escolar e a realidade dos atores sociais envolvidos nesse processo para não incorrer na armadilha de realizar dinâmicas sem conteúdo.
Crença religiosa e práticas de cuidado em saúde
Authors: Souza Maria Celeste Reis Fernandes de , Silva Darlianne Nadine da , Vilarino Maria Terezinha Bretas , Bicalho Maria Gabriela Parenti
Published: September 2022

O artigo objetiva discutir a crença religiosa como integrante das práticas de cuidado em saúde de uma comunidade rural. Adota como referencial teórico estudos da área da Saúde, com foco na Educação Popular em Saúde, e da Geografia, em um exercício interdisciplinar. O campo de pesquisa é uma comunidade localizada na zona rural de um município da região Leste de Minas Gerais, e os participantes são moradores dessa comunidade. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de observação e entrevistas narrativas, e como procedimento analítico foi utilizada a análise temática. Os resultados evidenciam a crença religiosa como um traço cultural presente nos modos como os sujeitos cuidam da saúde, em gestos e práticas cotidianas. Conclui-se pela importância da validação dos saberes contidos nessas práticas, evitando-se o desmerecimento no modo de olhar a religiosidade no cuidado em saúde, e de se considerar, em ações educativas e políticas públicas em saúde, as práticas em saúde das comunidades. Reafirma-se o direito à saúde pública para moradores da zona rural.
Movimento #EleNão
Authors: Pires Desirée de Oliveira , Castro Amanda Motta
Published: September 2022

A organização e a atuação do movimento feminista têm demonstrado historicamente que as mulheres são fundamentais na construção de saberes e práticas promotoras de uma educação política e em defesa dos direitos humanos mesmo que elas ocupem lugares subalternos na sociedade. Em tempos de retrocessos democráticos, alimentados por uma política conservadora e de profundo ataque aos direitos das mulheres, sobretudo no Brasil, se faz necessária a busca de novas alternativas e estratégias de militância. Nas eleições presidenciais de 2018, diante da iminência de um político conservador ocupar a presidência do Brasil, as mulheres organizaram um movimento por meio das redes sociais chamado #EleNão, com o objetivo de discutir e conscientizar as mulheres sobre o perigo que a vitória de Jair Messias Bolsonaro representaria. A partir dos conceitos de autonomia e esperança propostos por Paulo Freire e pela educação popular, buscamos discutir como o movimento trouxe desdobramentos importantes para o movimento feminista e evidenciou as mulheres como uma das principais frentes de resistência ao conservadorismo, contribuindo para a construção de uma educação como prática da liberdade.
INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF SCLUPTOR IN KAPAL VILLAGE, BADUNG, BALI
Authors: Dewi Ni Kadek Pujiani
Published: September 2022

To increase the productivity, modern hand tools such as electrical grinder, electrical drill and band saw have been used by the scluptor in Kapal village. Due to ignorance, in using them not all precaution were taken into consideration. Also squatting and bending positions produced many complaints. Therefore, an ergonomics intervention has been conducted. Using multistage random sampling technique, 20 subjects were sampled from the scluptors. Blood pressure, and heart rate were measured, and subjective feelings were recorded using Nordic Body Map, before and after working for a week. The results showed that after working; 1.2% increased in systolic blood pressure; 4.7% increased HR per minute; and 20.7% subjective complaints (p<0.05). To overcome the problems ergonomics intervention have been conducted which consist of three types as follows: 1) advising to have rest pause 3-5 minutes in every one hour working; 2) the workplace for electrical grinder must be separated from another workplaces, and the operator of electrical grinder machine should have a rest after 30 minutes, in case the electrical grinder could not be separated all workers there should use cotton car plugs. 3) the physical fitness of scluptors should be improved by doing exercise program 3-5 times per week. After two weeks of awareness program, responses found as follows: 87% of workers engaged in having short rest pauses 90% of workers engaged in using ear plugs and 77% were engaged fitness program. The preliminary results showed there are a decreased in systolic blood pressure 0.46%, (p>0.05). HR 4.96% (p<0.05), subjective complaints 18.39% (p<0.05), and associated by an increased of productivity at about 17.55% (p<0.05).
PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS OF SPLIT STONE PRODUCTION USING OBJECTIVE MATRIX (OMAX) METHOD (A Case Study)
Authors: Indro Prakoso
Published: September 2022

One of the building materials that has a high business prospect is split stone. Some building material management companies in one of their departments produce split stone, which in its production there are several types of products based on size to meet various consumer demands. In production, especially in the 2021 period, there will be fluctuating or uneven production levels, where in one month there will be high production, and in another period there will be a decrease in production. Based on this, this study aims to analyze the calculation of productivity to identify what factors cause the productivity of split stone production to fluctuate. This research was assisted by using the objective matrix (OMAX) and fault tree analysis (FTA) methods. the results of the productivity recapitulation found that the attendance data component obtained an average score of 2.3 which is the lowest average when compared to other components. therefore with these results, attendance is the strongest factor affecting fluctuating productivity.