bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INNOVATIVE IT SOLUTIONS TO ENHANCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTRONIC ELECTIONS THROUGH BLOCKCHAIN
Authors: Jumagaliyeva Ainur , Muratova Guljan , Turkmenbayev Aset , Abdikerimova Elmira , Shuakbaeva Rahat
Published: August 2024

The shift towards electronic elections is driven by the need for increased efficiency and accessibility. However, the integrity of these systems is continually threatened by issues such as voter fraud, hacking incidents, and the absence of transparent audit trails. Existing solutions often fail to comprehensively address these challenges. This article introduced blockchain technology as a transformative approach to these electoral challenges. Employing methods such as advanced blockchain architectures, enhanced security protocols, and smart contract optimization, it establishes a secure, decentralized, and immutable ledger of votes. These methods counteracted many of the vulnerabilities inherent in traditional systems, achieving a higher standard of transparency, security, and voter privacy that was previously unachievable. The findings from detailed case studies and technological infrastructures discussed in subsequent sections demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods in enhancing election integrity. This examination showcases the relevance and potential of blockchain technology in revolutionizing electronic elections, offering a blueprint for secure, transparent, and efficient voting systems.
РАЗРАБОТКА МОДЕЛИ НЕЙРОННОЙ СЕТИ ДЛЯ АНАЛИЗА ГАЗОВЫХ СМЕСЕЙ
Authors: Муканова Жанна , Атанов Сабыржан
Published: August 2024

Проблема производственных травм остается значимой в Казахстане и мировом масштабе. Исследования отечественных ученых показывают, что основными лидирующими отраслями с наиболее высокими показателями производственного травматизма уже многие годы стабильно остаются обрабатывающая, горнодобывающая и строительная отрасли, а одной из причин является высокий уровень загазованности рабочих помещений. Целью данного исследования являются выбор архитектуры и разработка нейронной сети для мультиспектрального газоанализатора, способная проводить качественный анализ газовых смесей в воздушной среде на наличие опасных газов, которую в дальнейшем планируется использовать при разработке газоанализатора. В работе показан процесс разработки однослойного персептрона, предназначенного для анализа предварительно обработанных спектральных данных, с одним входным слоем, одни скрытым слоем и одним выходным слоем. Представлена математическая модель предложенной архитектуры нейронной сети. А также реализован программный код на языке программирования Python для построения, обучения и тестирования нейронной сети. Исследования показали, что в выходном слое наиболее подходящей функцией активации является функция Softmax. В скрытом слое может быть применена любая из рассмотренных функций. Однако, наилучшие результаты показала функция активации ReLU. При этом количество нейронов в скрытом слое – 45, а для обучения данной нейронной сети достаточно 37 итераций.
ВЕТРОВАЯ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬНОГО МАНИПУЛЯТОРА
Authors: Абжапаров Қуаныш , Жиенғали Әділхан , Бяндина Гульмира , Сансызбай Қанибек
Published: August 2024

В статье исследуется новый шести подвижный параллельный манипулятор платформенного типа для ветра энергетическая установка (ВЭУ). Рассматриваемый параллельный манипулятор обладает преимущество по сравнению с существующими платформенными роботами, обладающими шестью степенями свободы. Эти преимущества подтверждены на действующей модели, а также аналитическим решением прямой задачи кинематики. Благодаря своим уникальным свойствам новый платформенный робот можно использовать для ветровой электростанции, который имеет возможность генерировать электрический ток при малых скоростях ветра.
АВТОМОБИЛЬДІҢ ТОЗҒАН ТЕТІКТЕРІН ДӘНЕКЕРЛЕУМЕН ҚАЛПЫНА КЕЛТІРУ ЖӘНЕ ТЕХНИКА-ЭКОНОМИКАЛЫҚ КӨРСЕТКІШТЕРІ
Authors: Тулеков Ермек , Кара Галым
Published: August 2024

Мақалада тозған тетіктерді жоғары температуралы дәнекерлеу арқылы қалпына келтірудің балама әдісі қарастырылады, бұның қолданыстағы қалпына келтіру әдістерінен біршама артықшылығы бар. Жұмыста дәнекерлеу әдісімен тетіктерді қалпына келтірудің техника-экономикалық тиімділігін бағалау және тозған тетіктердің қалпына келтірудің технологиялық процестерінің басқа әдістерімен салыстыруы келтірілген.
АВТОНОМДЫ ЖЫЛЖЫМАЛЫ ЖҮЙЕНІ ҚҰРУ МАҚСАТЫНДА ҚОЙ МЕН ЕШКІ ТЕЗЕКТЕРІН ЖӘНЕ ҚОЙШАРУАШЫЛЫҒЫНДАҒЫ ШӨП ҚАЛДЫҚТАРЫН ГАЗИФИКАЦИЯЛАУ
Authors: Қасым Руслан , Ержигитов Еркин , Исаханов Мұратбек , Баймуханбетов Алмас , Токмолдаев Аманжол
Published: August 2024

Біздің елімізде қой шаруашылығына келгенде, әрине, ешкі малын ескермеуге болмайды, сондықтан қой шаруашылығының қалдықтарында ешкі тезегін ескеруіміз керек. Ешкілердің көңінің құрамы қой тезегінен ерекшеленетінің зерттеуімізде айырмашылығын анықтап өтеміз. Біздің бірінші зерттеуіміз бойынша, анаэробты ашытып қорыту процесі дамушы елдердің ауылдық жерлерінде, әсіресе Қазақстанда, экологиялық таза жолмен үнемі өсіп келе жатқан энергия сұранысын қанағаттандыру үшін энергияны қалпына келтірудің термиялық емес технологияларының бірі болып табылады. Бұл зерттеудің мақсаты биогаз өндіру үшін ешкі мен қой тезегімен таңдалған арақатынаста араласқан шөп қалдықтарының анаэробты ыдырауының тиімділігі мен өнімділігін зерттеу болды. Шөп қалдықтарынан ешкі мен қой тезегімен араласқан биогаз өндірісі 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 арақатынаста және салмағы бойынша 3:1, көлемі 25 л пластик ыдыста, сақтау мерзімі 29 күн және мезофильді температура диапазонында зерттелді. Нәтижелер көрсеткендей, екі малдың тезектерінде де жоңышқа мен раң қалдықтарымен салмағы бойынша 1:1 қатынасында араластырғанда биогаздың ең көп мөлшері, ал ешкі тезегінде одан жоғары болады. Мұның себебі, араластыру коэффициенттерінің жоғарылауы қоспадағы қалдықтардың көбірек болуын білдіреді, бұл сонымен қатар лигниннің жоғарылауын білдіреді және бұл микробтардың ас қорыту процесін қиындатады. Метаногендік бактериялардың ас қорыту белсенділігінің төмендеуі биогаз шығымының төмендеуіне әкелді. Бұл энергия өндіру процесі дәстүрлі отындардын ауыстырудың оңай жолы екені анықталды.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕТОДА ФЕРХЮЛЬСТА В ЦЕЛЯХ ПРЕДСКАЗАНИЯ ДИНАМИКИ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ДЕФИЦИТА ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВИЯ
Authors: Сакабеков Аужан , Сейткулова Жазира , Тулешева Гульнара , Мурзасаимова Кульдана , Болеева Лаззат
Published: August 2024

В статье анализируется рост популяции, который ограничен доступностью пищи. Исходя из анализа данных, полученных на основе логистического уравнения, выявлено уникальное свойство, присущее всем решениям данного уравнения. Это свойство позволило нам обосновать происхождение этого дифференциального уравнения. Решение уравнения при разнообразных начальных условиях показывает, что возможно спрогнозировать изменения в численности популяции и определить момент перехода в стационарное состояние, исходя из начальной статистики популяции и данных, собранных за короткий промежуток времени, без анализа объема пищевой базы. Метод предсказания, который мы предлагаем, экономичен, так как не требует изучения пищевых запасов. Следует отметить, что модель является упрощенным представлением реальности и может игнорировать некоторые внешние факторы. Однако с развитием технологий становится возможным минимизировать влияние многих факторов, воздействующих на рост популяции. Применение математических моделей позволяет достаточно точно прогнозировать динамику популяции.
РАЗРАБОТКА МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ БОРТОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Узбекбаев Арман , Нұрғизат Еркебұлан , Сұлтан Айдос , Жетенбаев Нурсултан , Алипбаев Куаныш
Published: August 2024

В современной военной технике точность боевых снарядов остается критически важной для обеспечения эффективности и безопасности боевых операций. В данной статье описывается разработка и исследование математической модели для бортового комплекса управления (БКУ), предназначенного для повышения точности неуправляемых боевых снарядов. Проект включает в себя разработку алгоритмов для коррекции траектории снаряда, что позволяет существенно уменьшить стандартное отклонение при попадании в цель. Статья затрагивает ключевые аспекты физической и математической моделирования полета снарядов, включая влияние атмосферных условий и динамических характеристик снаряда. Подробно анализируется воздействие внешних возмущений и методы их компенсации. Особое внимание уделяется применению численных методов для оптимизации управления траекторией. Основные результаты исследования демонстрируют значительное улучшение точности попадания за счет использования предложенной модели БКУ. В статье подчеркивается потенциальное влияние данной разработки на уменьшение погрешностей, связанных с начальным углом запуска и внешними помехами. Также обсуждаются перспективы внедрения модели в практику проектирования и модернизации артиллерийских систем. Исследование предоставляет ценные выводы и рекомендации по дальнейшему развитию и усовершенствованию систем управления артиллерийским вооружением, что может оказать значительное влияние на эффективность выполнения боевых задач.
La Acitividad Socio-éconómica del Tenis en Francia
Authors: Bayle Emmanuel , Maltese Lionel
Published: August 2024

Con casi 5000 empleos equivalentes a empleos a tiempo completo en la propia Federación Francesa de Tenis (FFT) y su red (mayoritariamente técnicos, ya que 3300 se cuentan para entrenamiento y animación) y con un tiempo de trabajo de los 26000 dirigentes voluntarios que representa un « equivalente de trabajadores a tiempo completo » de aproximadamente 6000 empleos, además de los miles de puestos de trabajo asociados, el tenis es un juego que se ha convertido también en una industria… y una industria con un peso nada despreciable más allá de los tradicionales beneficios que se le atribuyen en cuanto a educación, salud y relaciones sociales. En general y desde los años ’90, la economía del ocio y de los eventos deportivos ha sido objeto de un fuerte crecimiento en Francia y en el mundo, mientras que la práctica y la compra de elementos para tenis se consideran, durante estos últimos quince años, como una actividad económica que ha llegado a su etapa madura y que, para algunos, ya está empezando a declinar. A pesar de todo, en Francia el tenis sigue siendo el segundo deporte en lo que respecta a la práctica con licencia y a la exposición mediática y representa el primer mercado de equipamiento para tenis en Europa. Entonces cabe preguntarse si este deporte dispone todavía de un real potencial de desarrollo socioeconómico en la actualidad. En caso afirmativo, ¿qué acciones pueden proyectarse? En economía, el término sector sirve para comprender y explicar la estructura y el funcionamiento de un sector de actividades, en nuestro caso el de un deporte que es el tenis, y para comprender su peso y su influencia.
Screening of adaptogens potentially effective in mycotoxicosis
Authors: Yusupova K. V. , Mishina N. N. , Semyonov E. I. , Kashevarov G. S. , Sagdeeva Z. H.
Published: August 2024

Microscopic mold fungi are pathogens invisible to the naked eye that secrete dangerous metabolic products – mycotoxins. When exposed to various factors, mycotoxins can accumulate in plant and animal products. Getting into food and, as a result, into a living organism, they can lead to the appearance of mycoses and mycotoxicoses. The most common T-2 toxin of the Russian Federation territory. Due to the impossibility of completely eliminating microscopic fungi, the search for affordable preventive measures with detoxifying, immunostimulating properties remains relevant and promising. The aim of the study was to select adaptogens of various origins and evaluate their effectiveness in T-2 toxicosis of rats. The research was conducted on the basis of mycotoxin laboratory of the Federal state budgetary institution «Federal center for toxicological, radiation and biological safety» (Kazan). The tested adaptogens were echinacea purpurea grass, humic acids, biogenic stimulant ASD-2, zeolite from the Shatrashan deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan, and dry dead bee’s powder. In the course of work, the use of adaptogens such as echinacea purpurea, zeolite and dead bees turned out to be the most effective in relation to the survival of rats with T-2 toxicosis. The expected effect of a uniform increase in body weight of rats occurred, in turn, in groups of adaptogens with sorption capacity (humic acids, zeolite). The most striking positive picture during hematological examination was observed in groups using zeolite and dead bees. Based on the totality of the results obtained, it was concluded that zeolite and dead bees were the most effective in leveling the negative effects of T-2 toxicosis. The results obtained can become the basis for further development of a preventive complex.
Assessment of sorbitol clearance in induced acute liver failure
Authors: Andreeva N. L. , Ponamarev V. S. , Pogodaeva P. S. , Kostrova A. V.
Published: August 2024

The study of substance clearance plays an important role in the diagnosis of liver pathologies. Increased or decreased clearance of certain substances may indicate hepatobiliary disorders, including at the initial stages of the development of such pathologies, which allows us to evaluate the predictive potential of these assessment methods as high. The scientific literature provides detailed and statistically proven data on the use of substances such as galactose, amidopyrine, sorbitol and others in diagnostic protocols. Each substance is characterized by its own level of clearance, which allows one to obtain a comprehensive picture of the functioning of the hepatobiliary system. However, for most of the above exogenous substances, information in the scientific literature is either indicated in relation to humane medicine, or consists of pilot studies on a small number of animals, which requires additional testing of this kind to develop a statistically reliable array of data obtained. The purpose of this study is to conduct an experimental study aimed at studying changes in the pharmacokinetics of exogenous sorbitol in the blood plasma of laboratory animals with acute liver failure. The level of sorbitol was determined by the colorimetric Corcoran and Page method with modification (using potassium periodate and chromotropic acid, the method takes into account the calculated sorbitol indicator from the sum of polyols) using a UV-100 spectrophotometer (manufacturer – Shanghai Mapada Instruments Co., Ltd., China) for 12 hours (step – 2 hours) in blood plasma deproteinized using 0.4 M lithium perchlorate, obtained by venipuncture of the tail vein. Comparing pharmacokinetic curves with each other, it should be noted that in animals with acute liver failure, the graphical representation of sorbitol levels is similar to the inverse exponential, characterized by a sharp systematic decrease, while in clinically healthy animals the graphical representation of sorbitol levels is similar to the branch of a parabola, characterized by “smoothness” » reduction. The pharmacokinetic curves obtained in this study, which describe the levels of exogenous sorbitol in the blood plasma, can be used in the future as one of the methods for the early diagnosis of such pathologies.
The use of the complex drug "Optibak®-F" in feeding young ferrets
Authors: Loenko N. N. , Fedoseeva G. A.
Published: August 2024

The use of probiotics and symbiotics allows you to normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract, normalize the microflora, increase immunity, prevent infectious diseases, and increase the safety of livestock. The aim of the research was to study the effect of complex application preparation "OptiBak®-F" in diets on the growth of young ferrets during the growing period. The experiment was carried out on slaughtered young ferrets of pearl type at the ferret farm FSUE "Russian Sable" of Moscow region. It was found that daily introduction of "OptiBak®-F" preparation into ferrets' feed in July-September in the amount of 0,05-0,06 g per head per day increases live weight gain of young animals in a month by 137,2 g (p<0,05) in comparison with animals of the control group. The similar tendency was maintained three weeks after completion of the preparation introduction into the general ration: at the end of September the live weight of young animals was significantly higher by 138.7 g (p<0.05) and was 2003.0 g against 1864.3 g in the control. High safety of young animals was recorded in both groups. Average daily feed intake in the groups was 225 g per head. During the experiment period when "OptiBak®-F" was used, absolute live weight gain of young ferrets in the experimental group was higher than in the control by 109.7 g (795.5 g vs. 685,8 g), relative - by 4.5% (49.6% vs. 45.1%), while feed costs in physical weight per unit of live weight gain decreased by 13.7%, and in terms of feed cost - by 11.0%, taking into account the cost of the preparation.
Comparative characteristics of the morpho-biophysical qualities of meat quail eggs
Authors: Vasilyeva L. T. , Bychaev A. G. , Vinogradova N. D.
Published: August 2024

In 2023, more than 140 million units were produced in Russia. quail eggs, i.e., one egg per person per year. In this segment, the country is significantly inferior to many countries with developed poultry farming. But demand creates supply and in recent years the production of quail eggs has been intensively increasing, the share of which in the total balance of produced food eggs is 0.3% and is gradually growing. New breeds, crosses and lines of both egg and meat productivity are appearing. The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis of the morpho-biophysical qualities of eggs from the white Texas and Pharaoh meat breeds. However, there is practically very little information about the quality of eggs obtained from such breeds, despite the fact that the eggs are widely used both for incubation and in human nutrition. Therefore, the study of the morpho-biophysical qualities of quail eggs for meat production is not only relevant, but also of high practical importance. It was found that the weight of eggs of the Pharaoh breed was 8.5% higher compared to eggs of the white Texas breed, and the egg shape index was almost 3% lower. A comparison of the indicator characterizing the quality of protein in the studied breeds showed that the indicator of Hau units of Texas quail breed eggs was 88.74 and exceeded this indicator for Pharaoh eggs by 5.02%. In general, it should be said that the morpho-biophysical qualities of Texas white eggs were significantly different from those of the Pharaoh breed.
The macromorphological structure of the rhomboid brain of the whitebellied hedgehog
Authors: Zelenevsky N. V. , Khvatov V. A. , Borisov S. V.
Published: August 2024

The nervous system is one of the leading integrating systems of the body. In combination with the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, it unites the body into a single whole. The nervous system controls the level of adaptive reactions of a living organism to changing environmental conditions. The white-bellied hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) is a representative of the order of insectivorous animals. The purpose of our study is to study the macromorphology of individual anatomical structures of the brain of the white-bellied hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). The material for the study was three heterosexual animals of the white-bellied hedgehog species (Atelerix albiventris) aged 1-4 years, obtained from private veterinary clinics. The methods used to study the brain of the white-bellied hedgehog included: fine anatomical dissection, morphometry, photography, and weighing. The work was carried out at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The brain of the whitebellied hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) (Figure 1, 2.) is arranged in accordance with the general plan of the structure of the mammalian brain, however, it is distinguished by the primitiveness of its development and is classified as lissencephalic in appearance. The average weight of cadaver material from females and males was 200.00±16.09 grams. There was no statistically significant difference between the body weight of females and males. It was also found that the caudal colliculi of the quadrigeminal are comparatively smaller than the cranial colliculi in both sexes, which allows us to conclude that the visual analyzer is relatively better developed in this species than the auditory one. The obtained materials can be used as reference material for continuing research on the brain of the white-bellied hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), as well as in comparative morphology and physiology of humans and animals.
Treatment of experimental septic arthritis of chickens caused by staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yurin D. V. , Skvortsov V. N. , Logvinova S. S.
Published: August 2024

Addressing the problem of septic arthritis, caused by Staphylococcus aureus, is a matter of high importance for poultry industry nowadays. We conducted research into effectiveness of antimicrobials of different groups used for treating experimental infection in two-week old chicks. In the first experiment we determined the effectiveness of florfenicol, ofloxacin and a compound drug, containing ciprofloxacin and apramycin (100 mg/g and 500 mg/g). Florfenicol and ofloxacin were administered at concentrations 300 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 100 mg/L and 50 mg/L of drinking water, while the compound drug – 200 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L (considering ciprofloxacin). In the second experiment we studied the effectiveness of tilmicosin, administered via drinking water at concentrations 500 mg/L, 250 mg/L, 125 mg/L and 62.5 mg/L simultaneously with the challenge. For the challenge of the chicks, we used pathogenic culture of S. aureus. S. aureus in suspension was injected intraperitoneally at a dose 3 x 108 cells in 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline (2 MсFarland standard) per chick. The observation period was 20 days during which we watched the chicks and registered their morbidity rate and mortality rate. We came to a conclusion that florfenicol was most effective when the treatment of the chicks began 24 hours prior to the challenge; in the same situation the compound drug, containing ciprofloxacin and apramycin, was slightly less effective. Under these conditions the survivability of the infected chicks was 84% to 96%. When the treatment with ofloxacin via drinking water began 24 hours prior to the challenge of the chicks, it was no use as morbidity rate and mortality rate were similar or even higher compared to the control group, irrespective of the dose. When the treatment with tilmicosin via drinking water began simultaneously with the challenge of the chicks, it was rather effective at medium and low doses of 125 mg/L and 62.5 mg/L. However, the mortality rate of the chicks was high and the morbidity rate reached 56%.
Atherosclerotic changes in the aortic wall in lower monkeys
Authors: Kolesnik Yu. A. , Shestakov V. A. , Bulgin D. V.
Published: August 2024

Atherosclerotic changes in the walls of arterial vessels are currently considered as one of the initial stages in the development of a number of diseases of the cardiovascular system. According to the World Health Organization, atherosclerosis is the main cause of heart attack and stroke. The similarity of pathomorphological changes in atherosclerosis in humans and in lower monkeys of the baboon hamadryad and baboon anubis species allows the use of animals of these species as laboratory models in the study of this disease. The material for morphological studies was obtained during the autopsy of 109 corpses of baboon hamadryad and baboon anubis monkeys (53 males and 56 females) in the period from 2019 to 2022. To analyze the species and age characteristics, all animals were conditionally divided into three age groups: group 1 (n=74) monkeys of both sexes aged 15-20 years; group 2 (n=23) animals of both sexes aged 21-25 years; group 3 (n=12) included animals older than 26 years. The results of the research showed that atherosclerotic changes in the aortic wall in the lower monkeys of the studied species kept in the nursery of the Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology of the Kurchatov Institute Research Center are detected from the age of 15. As the age of the animals increases, the changes are more pronounced. A reliable relationship between different age groups has been established. The frequency of atherosclerotic changes increases with increasing age, regardless of the sex of the animals. Morphological changes in the wall of the thoracic aorta in baboons are similar to those in human atherosclerosis.
The use of surfagon for the induction of ovulation of mares in ART cycles
Authors: Kalashnikov V. V. , Lebedeva L. F. , Solodova E. V. , Krasilnikova E. A.
Published: August 2024

In order to predict the timing of ovulation in mares, to obtain mature oocytes and follicular fluid in ART cycles, the domestic analogue of GnRH surfagon was used in two doses (40 and 50 mcg) against the background of comparison with the effectiveness of the previously used hCG drug. Surfagon injections were carried out intramuscularly when the leading follicle reached a diameter of 35 mm or more, and there was maximum or decreased edema of the uterus. An analysis of the duration of the intervals between intramuscular injection of 40 µg and 50 µg of the drug and ovulation showed that 72.4 and 35% of ovulations occur, respectively, between 37 and 48 hours after injection. The result of using 40 µg of surfagon is similar to the results of using hCG - 72 and 74% of ovulations in this period, respectively. Therefore, the drug “Surfagon” at a dose of 40 µg is most suitable for use in ART cycles. Only 3.4% of ovulations after the use of 40 µg of surfagon occur in the interval up to 24 hours after injection. Therefore, its use allows planning the collection of follicular fluid and oocyte from the preovulatory follicle using the OPU method after 24 hours. The domestic drug Surfagon (lyuleberin acetate, CJSC Mosagrogen, Moscow) is effective for the induction of ovulation in mares and can serve as an alternative to the use of HCG and imported GnRH analogues both in normal reproduction practice and in planning OPU procedures for the purpose of follicular fluid intake and oocyte extraction.
Concentrations of kisspeptin, progesterone and testosterone in the blood of bulls and heifers of the Holstein breed during puberty
Authors: Shiryaev G. V. , Nikitkina E. V. , Nikitin G. S. , Plemyashov K. V.
Published: August 2024

There are many publications revealing the physiological role of kisspeptin in the neurohumoral aspect in various species of wild and domestic animals. However, kisspeptin levels during puberty in cattle are still unclear. The purpose of the research was to study the concentrations of kisspeptin, progesterone and testosterone in the blood serum of Holstein bulls and heifers during puberty. Kisspeptin concentrations remained the same in bulls and heifers until the age of 4 months. Further, starting from 5 months, the concentration of kisspeptin increases in heifers, as does the concentration of progesterone. At the age of 9 and 10 months, the concentration of kisspeptin was significantly higher than in bulls. In bulls, testosterone concentration increased with age. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between the concentrations of kisspeptin and progesterone in heifers - a correlation coefficient of 0.797, P>0.01, and the concentrations of kisspeptin and testosterone in bulls - a correlation coefficient of 0.636, P>0.05. Kisspeptin most likely plays a role in puberty. Further research is needed on kisspeptin in relation to reproductive function in Bos Taurus.
Indicators of the mineral metabolism of sows during the reproductive cycle
Authors: Filatov A. V. , Minin A. V. , Sekerin K. V. , Sapozhnikov A. F.
Published: August 2024

Over the past decade, domestic pig farming has undergone significant changes in breeding and genetic work related to the breeding of highly productive breeding stock. Their reproductive ability and metabolic state of health depend on an adequate supply of macro- and microelements. Dynamic changes in mineral homeostasis are used as one of the diagnostic criteria for a full-fledged metabolic status. These indicators are homeoresistive for the animal body, and their dynamics can serve as constant in the development of methods for the diagnosis, prevention and prediction of animal diseases of various etiologies. The purpose of this study was to study the dynamics of sow mineral homeostasis during the breeding cycle, depending on the further course of the postpartum period. Studies of blood parameters were performed in the conditions of an industrial complex on the main sows. Blood was taken from the jugular vein during the reproductive cycle: background (before insemination), on the 30th and 80th day of pregnancy, after childbirth. After farrowing, the sows, according to the results of a clinical examination, were divided into two groups of 10 animals each: the remaining clinically healthy and those with postpartum diseases (endometritis, postpartum dysgalactia). As a result of a comparative analysis, identical dynamics of mineral indicators were established throughout the reproductive cycle in animals that remained healthy and became ill with postpartum diseases. In the blood serum of sows with postpartum pathology, there is a lower level of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and an increased content of phosphorus. The greatest tension in mineral metabolism between diseased animals and the remaining healthy ones is observed after childbirth.
Combined pathologies of the distal extremities in dairy cows
Authors: Pozyabin S. V. , Borkhunova E. N. , Belogurov V. V. , Kachalin M. N. , Azarnova T. O. , Kuznetsova M. A. , Lyaskovsky I. D. , Gasanguseynova E. K.
Published: August 2024

Diseases of the distal extremities in dairy cows are a widespread pathology that leads to a significant decrease in animal productivity. They arise against the background of restrictions on the motor activity of animals, violation of diets, rules for the care of hooves and zoohygienic standards for maintenance. The structures of the distal extremities are combined into a functional complex of interconnected structures (joints, tendons, finger organ). With destructive changes in one of the structures, the rest also become involved in the pathological process, which leads to the chronization of the course of pathologies in this area. However, until now there has been no morphological confirmation of this concept. In this regard, the aim of the work is to study the macro– and microstructure of the organs of the distal extremities in dairy cows in conditions of intensive animal husbandry. Autosional material was studied (50 samples of the distal thoracic and pelvic extremities of dairy cows of the black-mottled Holstein breed). The methods of anatomical dissection and light microscopy were used. The research was conducted according to generally accepted methods. The micro-preparations were studied using Jenamed-2 and MicroScreen microscopes. Data on concomitant pathologies of the distal extremities in cattle were obtained: along with visually easily diagnosed disorders of the growth of the hoof horn and dermatitis, arthrosis of the finger joints was observed in all cases, especially pronounced in the hoof joints. Impaired horn growth is associated with dyskeratosis and parakeratosis. Joint damage is irreversible, due to the deep destruction of articular cartilage with its partial replacement by fibrous cartilage and connective tissue. There is reason to believe that the cause of such structural changes is hypokinesia and metabolic disorders in animals.
Fauna of ectoparasites of fur-bearing animals in fur farms of the Tver region
Authors: Romashova E. B. , Kuznetsov Yu. E.
Published: August 2024

Fur farming is a branch of agriculture that specializes in breeding fur-bearing animals in order to obtain valuable fur skins from them. An important task of fur farming is to increase the quantity and quality of products obtained through intensification of production. This may lead to an increase in the number of outbreaks of infectious and invasive diseases. Ectoparasites negatively affect the quality of fur and can lead to the death of young animals. We conducted a study of the ectoparasite fauna in fur farms of the Tver region: «Savvatyevo» and «Mekha». We examined three types of furbearing animals: fox, American mink, and ferret. We performed a clinical examination of the animals; we examined the fur to detect fleas; we examined parasitological material from the auricle and external auditory canal under a microscope, we caught and determined the type of zoophilic flies. Ear mites O. cynotis have been reported in foxes and polecats. In foxes, infection rates: age 5 months – prevalence of infection 80,95%, intensity of infection 20,00 copies, at the age of 1 year – 86,67% and 6,67 copies, at the age of 2 years – 100,00% and 8,10 copies. For ferrets: age 3 months - no ear mites detected, age 1-year prevalence of infection 86,67%, intensity of infection 2,50 copies, age 2 years – 100,00% and 14,20 copies. Taking these data into account, all age groups of foxes support the invasive potential of O. cynotis equally, being a source of infection of new animals and a reservoir of the pathogen. Fleas C. (M.) s. sciurorum have been recorded in minks. The average prevalence of infection in adult males and females is 63,3%, the average intensity of infection is 11.6 specimens. The prevalence of infection of zoophilic flies was: M. domestica – 45,1%, L. caesar – 28,6%, P. regina – 11,9%, C. uralensis – 9,6%, F. canicularis – 4,8%. The number of flies in the shad was up to 30 individuals/m2. The data obtained indicate the wide distribution of arachnoenthomosis among fur-bearing animals in fur farms of the Tver region, which makes it urgent to introduce new schemes for the control and prevention of ectoparasites.
The study of acute toxicity and some clinical parameters of a new chelated compound
Authors: Yugatova N. Yu. , Vasiliev R. O. , Nazarova M. D. , Savrasov D. A.
Published: August 2024

The parameters of acute toxicity of a chelate complex containing microelements: iron, manganese, copper, selenium, iodine was studied on outbred male rats. Toxic doses were determined by constructing a direct regression graph. Thus, groups of animals were formed that were administered an aqueous solution of the chelate complex in doses, ml/kg: 6.94; 8.89; 11.11 and 11.67. The response to the solution was assessed using generally accepted clinical and hematological methods. At the same time, the dynamics of temperature, live weight, mortality and peripheral blood parameters were taken into account. During the experiment, toxicity indicators were determined. The toxic effect in experimental animals manifested itself in the form of inhibition of activity, shortness of breath, decreased reactions to external stimuli, decreased body temperature, ruffled coat, and weight loss. In the blood, a significant increase in the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes was noted in rats receiving subsidies of the chelate microelement complex in doses of 8.89 ml/kg and 11.11 ml/kg. It was concluded that the introduction of a chelate complex of microelements led to stimulation of erythropoiesis and leukopoiesis, and according to the results of a study of toxicity indicators, the presented formulation corresponds to the 3rd hazard class. The parameters of acute toxicity of the chelate complex of microelements were determined, taking into account the survival of animals, LD50 was established - 907 ± 0.63 mg/kg; LD16 – 765 mg/kg; LD84 – 1076 mg/kg. It was concluded that the toxicity indicators of the chelate complex of microelements according to GOST 12.1.007–76 correspond to the 3rd hazard class - “moderately hazardous substances”. Considering the potential hematopoietic and antioxidant effect of trace elements in the chelate complex and the relatively low toxicity with other seleniumcontaining organic and inorganic additives and preparations, the use of this complex opens up opportunities and prospects for testing as a radioprotective agent.
FORMULATION OF RED BETEL LEAF EXTRACT LOTION (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) AS SUNSCREEN
Authors: Rantika Nopi , Hindun Siti , Najihudin Aji , Auliasari Nurul , Khoerunisa Winna , Sopiah Siti
Published: August 2024

Betel leaf is a natural ingredient that people use as a traditional medicine. One of the ingredients found in red betel leaves is a phenolic compound in the form of flavonoids, a photoprotective substance that can be used as protection from UV radiation. Sunscreen is a cosmetic preparation that can protect the skin from UV radiation and reduce the amount of radiation harmful to the skin. This study aimed to formulate a lotion preparation from red betel leaf extract that has activity as a sunscreen. Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) was extracted using the maceration method. Preparation formulations were made with variations of red betel leaf ethanol extract in each formula, namely with concentrations of 0.04% (F1), 0.05% (F2), 0.06% (F3), and base control (F0). The activity of sunscreen lotion extract is based on the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value using UV-VIS spectrophotometry at wavelengths of 290–320 nm using the Mansur equation. The results of the SPF value of the lotion are F1 of 13.48, F2 of 16.71, and F3 of 18.7. The evaluation of the lotion results obtained a light green lotion with M/A emulsion type that met the requirements, including homogeneity, pH, spreadability, viscosity, centrifugation test, and freeze and thaw test. Research results show that betel leaf extract lotion is physically stable and has a high SPF value, so it has the potential to be a sunscreen.
Saudi Dentists' Knowledge about Symptoms and Treatments of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elmarakby Ahmed , Alshamrani Alhanouf , Althobaiti Abdulrahman , Almari Asmma , Alsunbul Albandri , Elsebaey Labib
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) affect the temporomandibular joint, leading to issues such as jaw pain and restricted movement. Despite these consequences, there remains a lack of understanding among Saudi dentists, highlighting the crucial need for increased awareness. Given the prevalence and impact of TMDs, dental professionals must acquire accurate and current information for effective diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to assess the knowledge of Saudi dentists regarding the symptoms and treatments associated with TMDs.
Palliative Care Needs and Symptom Burden in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review.
Authors: Haneef Sara , Abdullah Marwah
Published: August 2024

While life-sustaining, hemodialysis imposes significant physical, emotional, and psychological burdens on patients. The integration of palliative care into the routine management of hemodialysis patients has shown promising benefits. Studies indicate that early palliative care intervention can significantly improve symptom control, enhance quality of life, and reduce hospital admissions and healthcare costs. By addressing the multifaceted needs of hemodialysis patients through palliative care, it is possible to enhance their quality of life significantly. This systematic review aims to synthesize the existing evidence on palliative care needs and symptom burden in hemodialysis patients, highlighting the critical role of palliative care in this vulnerable population. The inclusion criteria encompass studies focusing on adults undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. A quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to ensure the reliability and validity of findings. Findings highlight significant palliative care needs among hemodialysis patients and emphasize positive perceptions of palliative care interventions among patients underscoring their value while comfort-focused treatment, was prioritized defining the necessity for improved decision-making and access to palliative care services in dialysis settings. Additionally, research identified varied levels of palliative care needs among patients, with a notable proportion experiencing moderate to severe requirements. Furthermore, results of this study indicate the burden of symptoms among hemodialysis patients is extensive and diverse, encompassing issues like fatigue, pain, and itching, which are particularly pronounced among older individuals. These symptoms significantly impair patients' quality of life. Moreover, symptom severity varies widely among patients, with certain symptoms such as sleep disturbances and itching posing significant challenges to patient comfort and wellbeing. These findings underscore the complex symptom management needs within the hemodialysis population. Future research should focus on standardizing measures of palliative care needs, evaluating the effectiveness of tailored interventions, and addressing gaps in current evidence to improve palliative care delivery and patient outcomes in hemodialysis settings.
The Economic and Social Burden of Insulin Resistance in Obesity
Authors: Abdullah Marwah Yakoop , Alruwaili Yousef Musharraf , Alsairra Munirah Nasser , Almnaa Sharifah Abdullah , Mosly Ahmed Fawzy , Alsuwaidan Dana Tariq , Al Asmari Rayan Abdulrahman , Alsaffar Hussain Fuad , Alhudaib Rahaf Saad , Althobaiti Ahmed Mohammed , Alhusayni Hamed Ghazi
Published: August 2024

Insulin resistance, a precursor to various metabolic disorders, represents a significant burden when associated with obesity. This detailed examination reveals the multifaceted economic and social impacts of insulin resistance intertwined with obesity. The financial strain is immense, primarily due to the increased prevalence of related conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Healthcare costs surge due to the need for continuous management, medications, and treatments, compounded by indirect expenses from reduced productivity and absenteeism. These financial pressures extend beyond individual and healthcare systems, affecting businesses and the broader economy through decreased efficiency and increased disability support costs. Socially, insulin resistance linked to obesity carries profound implications. The stigma associated with obesity often leads to discrimination, adversely impacting the psychological well-being and social status of affected individuals. This stigma can perpetuate workplace bias, hindering career advancement and widening socio-economic disparities. The relationship between obesity and mental health is bidirectional, with insulin resistance exacerbating stress, depression, and anxiety, which further deteriorates the individual's overall health and social relationships. Effective management of insulin resistance in obesity necessitates a holistic approach. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary adjustments and regular physical activity, are foundational. Medications like metformin and thiazolidinediones are crucial when lifestyle changes are insufficient. Emerging treatments such as SGLT2 inhibitors and gut microbiota modifications offer promising avenues. Addressing comorbid conditions like dyslipidemia and hypertension is vital to reducing overall risk. Patient education is paramount, empowering individuals to take control of their health journey and ensuring a comprehensive understanding of insulin resistance's physiological and psychosocial aspects. A multidisciplinary approach involving collaboration among healthcare providers is essential. This strategy ensures tailored interventions that address both the physical and emotional dimensions of insulin resistance. As research advances, refining treatment approaches and reducing the social impacts associated with insulin resistance within the obesity framework remains a priority. This comprehensive approach aims to mitigate the broader implications of insulin resistance, fostering a more inclusive and supportive environment for those affected.
Design of an Intelligent Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Based Cashless Vending Machine for Sales of Drinks
Authors: P. C. Okafor , G. G. James , C. Ituma
Published: August 2024

This study examines the evolution of vending machines, emphasizing their integration with RFID technology for cashless transactions. Vending machines have transformed human-machine interaction, offering convenient access to products and services. Transitioning from coin-operated to RFID-enabled systems has revolutionized the industry, enhancing security, reducing costs, and improving user experience. Through exploration of technical specifications and design objectives, the research highlights RFID vending machines' potential to reshape consumer behavior and optimize operations. Traditional cash-based vending machines face challenges such as limited storage, recognition issues, and security concerns. To address these, the paper proposes an intelligent RFID-based cashless vending machine for drink sales. The system incorporates RFID technology for payment, allowing users to swipe cards and select drinks without cash involvement. Prototype development involved software design, utilizing C-language for multiproduct vending. Comparatively, the RFID-based system outperforms cash-based counterparts in efficiency, security, and sales tracking, presenting a superior solution for drink sales.
Exploring the Potential of Tinospora cordifolia: Formulation and Evaluation of an Innovative Antiacne Cream
Authors: Kantilal Patil Divyashree , Amitkumar R Dhankani , Mansi A Dhankani , Pawar S. P.
Published: August 2024

The study explores the causes, evaluation, and treatment of Acne vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory condition caused by Cutibacterium acnes, affecting the pilosebaceous unit. Tinospora cordifolia which is commonly known as gurjo, guduchi or giloy. It is a Menispermaceae herbaceous vine that is only found in the tropics of the Indian subcontinent. The usefulness of these remedies is still debatable despite clinical research, despite being used in Ayurveda to treat a variety of diseases. It has therapeutic qualities such as anti-diabetic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-stress, anti-leprotic, antimalarial, Antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-neoplastic activities, which have been described by scientific research. In this research we have tried to evaluate the formulation of Tinospora cordifolia that shows the Anti-microbial activity for the treatment of Acne vulgaris. We have tested the microbial growth with the help of nutrition broth. We have performed various evaluation parameters of formulation like pH, viscosity, spreadability, physical appearance etc. The results that were obtained were under expectated limits.
A Review on UHPLC Method
Authors: R Patil Divyani , Prakash Patil Kiran , A Patil Sunila
Published: August 2024

Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) has emerged as the contemporary HPLC platform of choice in recent years. Because UHPLC requires less time for column equilibration and analysis, it is the perfect tool for developing methods quickly. The present state, advantages, and drawbacks of UHPLC in technique development are critically reviewed in this paper. To explain current developments and best practices, we employ case studies. Converting current HPLC methods to speedier analysis, quick screening of columns and mobile phases, and automated process optimisation are a few examples. Although the development of reversed-phase techniques for small-molecule pharmaceutical assay and impurity analysis is our primary emphasis, our findings and insights are applicable to other sample types and applications as well. When utilised with short, small-particle columns, UHPLC's greater pressure limitations not only produce quicker analysis but also make it possible to use longer columns more effectively for improved routine analysis of complicated materials.