bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dramatic Activation of an Antibody by a Single Amino Acid Change in Framework
Authors: Liang Wei-Ching , Yin Jianping , Lupardus Patrick , Zhang Jianhuan , Loyet Kelly M. , Sudhamsu Jawahar , Wu Yan
Published: September 2021

Antibody function is typically entirely dictated by the Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) that directly bind to the antigen, while the framework region acts as a scaffold for the CDRs and maintains overall structure of the variable domain. We recently reported that the rabbit monoclonal antibody 4A11 (rbt4A11) disrupts signaling through both TGFβ2 and TGFβ31. Here, we report a dramatic, unexpected discovery during the humanization of rbt4A11 where, two variants of humanized 4A11 (h4A11), v2 and v7 had identical CDRs, maintained high affinity binding to TGFβ2/3, yet exhibited distinct differences in activity. While h4A11.v7 completely inhibited TGFβ2/3 signaling like rbt4A11, h4A11.v2 did not. We solved crystal structures of TGFβ2 complexed with Fab fragments of h4A11.v2 or h4A11.v7 and identified a novel interaction between the two heavy chain molecules in the 2:2 TGFb2:h4A11.v2-Fab complex. Further characterization revealed that framework residue variations at either position 19, 79 or 81 of the heavy chain strikingly converts h4A11.v2 into an inhibitory antibody. Our work suggests that in addition to CDRs, framework residues and interactions between Fabs in an antibody could be engineered to further modulate activity of antibodies.
Improving postoperative radiographs for the parameter measurement of hexapod external fixator using an additional foot ring
Authors: Liu Yanshi , Liu Kai , Cai Feiyu , Zhang Tao , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang
Published: September 2021

Background
It is challenging to determine the orthogonality of radiographs in daily clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to show the usefulness of an additional foot ring which might determine the orthogonality of postoperative radiographs for the parameter measurement of hexapod external fixator.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 81 consecutive trauma patients with tibial shaft fractures treated by the hexapod external fixator at our institution from September 2014 to July 2019. Starting in March 2016, the postoperative radiographs for parameter measurement were obtained under the control of an additional foot ring. The final data consisted of 47 patients in traditional radiographs (Group Ⅰ) and 34 patients under the control of foot ring during the radiographic process (Group Ⅱ). The demographic data, original postoperative deformities, residual deformities after final correction, number of repeated radiographs after the first postoperative radiographs, time to the satisfactory reduction achieved, and external fixation time in all patients were documented and analyzed. The Johner-Wruhs criteria were used for the final clinical outcomes evaluation at the last clinical visit.
Results
Satisfactory reduction and bone union were achieved in all patients. There were no statistical significances between the two groups in the demographic data, original postoperative deformities, residual deformities after final correction, external fixation time, and the final clinical outcomes (P > 0.05). The mean number of repeated radiographs after the first radiographs (1.4 times) and mean time to the satisfactory reduction achieved (3.3 days) in patients with an additional foot ring used were all less than those without foot ring (2.4 times, 5.4 days) (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The additional foot ring is a practical device to ensure the orthogonality of postoperative radiographs for the hexapod external fixator parameter measurement. Radiation exposure, duration of deformity correction, and cost for patients might be reduced due to the less repeated radiographs with the wrong position.
Extracellular pH and high concentration of potassium regulate the primary necrosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Authors: Bidiuk Victoria , Alexandrov Alexander , Valiakhmetov Airat
Published: September 2021

Extracellular pH has a significant impact on the physiology of the yeast cell, but its role in cell death has not been thoroughly investigated. We studied the effect of extracellular pH on the development of primary necrosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast under two general conditions leading to cell death. The first is sugar induced cell death (SICD), and the second is death caused by several specific gene deletions, which have been recently identified in a systematic screen. It was shown that in both cases, primary necrosis is suppressed at neutral pH. SICD was also inhibited by the protonophore dinitrophenol (DNP) and 150 mM extracellular K+, with the latter condition also benefiting survival of cell dying due to gene mutations. Thus, we show that neutral pH can suppress different types of primary necrosis. We suggest that changes to the cellular membrane potential can play a central role in yeast cell death.
Effect of Volatile Compounds Produced by Selected Bacterial Endophytes in Promoting Plant Growth
Authors: Asha Maheshwari , Margaret Mmbaga , Bandana Bhusal , Christine Ondzighi-Assoume
Published: September 2021

Bacterial endophytes selected for their capability to suppress diverse fungal pathogens in vitro and in greenhouse studies have been shown to promote plant growth. The effect of volatile compounds emitted by selected bacteria on plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum), and cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) was evaluated on container-grown plants nested above bacterial cultures, with roots exposed to the volatiles without direct contact between bacterial cells and the plant roots. Significant increases in plant growth were observed in plant height, root length, leaf size, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content in all plants tested. Although diverse chemical compounds may be involved in promoting plant growth, including volatile and nonvolatile compounds, observations in this study have implications for the potential role of the selected bacteria in plant production as biofertilizers and biopesticides.
Review of Loropetalum chinense as an Industrial, Aesthetic, and Genetic Resource in China
Authors: Wu Wei , Wen Shijia , Feng Tangkai , Chen Guoke , Yang Bo
Published: September 2021

Loropetalum chinense, one of three species in its genus in China, is distributed primarily in Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces. By establishing a Loropetalum gene bank and reviewing research on its varieties, genetic traits, and genetic diversity, we hope to promote the full yet sustainable use of this valuable, regionally varied natural resource. Our results will help promote the development of a broader resource economy.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Paratylenchus beltsvillensis n. sp. (Tylenchida: Paratylenchidae) from the rhizosphere of pine tree (Pinus virginiana Mill) in Maryland, USA
Authors: Kantor Mihail R. , Handoo Zafar A. , Subbotin Sergei A. , Bauchan Gary R. , Mowery Joseph D.
Published: September 2021

The pin nematode, Paratylechus beltsvillensis n. sp. collected from rhizosphere soil of a Virginia pine tree (Pinus virginiana Mill) growing in Little Paint Branch Park, Beltsville, Prince George’s County, Maryland, USA, is described and illustrated along with light and scanning electron photomicrographs. Females, males, and juveniles of this new species were recovered from soil samples using the sugar centrifugal flotation and Baermann funnel extraction methods. Morphologically, females are short, body length ranging from 245 to 267 μm, stylet from 70 to 75 μm long with anchor shaped knobs, vulva located at 70–73% and small vulval flap, spermatheca large, and ovoid filled with sperms. Lateral field with three incisures, of which the outer two are prominent. Tail slender, having a rounded tail terminus. Males without stylet and have a degenerated pharynx, spicules = 17–20 µm and gubernaculum = 5.0–5.5 µm. Both morphological observations and molecular analysis of ITS and partial 28S ribosomal RNA gene sequences indicated that the specimens collected from the soil at Beltsville Park from rhizosphere soil samples from Virginia pine represents a new pin nematode species.
Atmospheric Visions: Mirages, methane seeps and ‘clam-monsters’ in the Yellow Sea
Authors: Hodges Benjamin
Published: September 2021

Mirages seen at sea have a long history of being interpreted as distant islands and mythological realms. Hot and cool pockets of air refracting light can make boats and islands appear as if floating in air. These atmospheric visions can be studied as physical phenomena and as cultural imaginaries, an extension of what Philip Hayward has called the ‘aquapelagic imaginary’. In alliance with Donna Haraway’s mythology-inspired Chthulucene, this article will use the Chinese folklore of the shen (蜃) (‘clam-monster’) to consider ecological issues around deepsea mining. In the ancient etiology of the shen, its breath was thought responsible for visions of Penglai, the fabled island home to the Eight Immortals believed to lie somewhere in the Yellow Sea. The search for Penglai and its rumored elixir of life has now been supplanted by exploration for methane, a largely untapped fossil fuel seeping up from the ocean floor. The clams and multi-species communities that cluster around these emissions, alongside mythological sea creatures, give shape to changing affects and atmospheres on the horizon.
Lord Ram’s Own Sethu: Adam’s Bridge envisaged as an aquapelago
Authors: Chatterjee Arup
Published: September 2021

Taking the current geological, environmental and religious controversy around the iconic Adam’s Bridge or Ram Sethu (as it is referred to in Hindu sacred mythography) and the proposed Sethusamudram canal project – which has been delayed since the late-20th century over several administrative terms, due to litigious procedures and protests by religious groups – this article examines the Ram Sethu as an aquapelago. The Ram Sethu is an aquapelagic zone, not merely in geo-historical terms but also in psychological ways, that is largely experienced in the Indian consciousness through the evolution of ancient folkloric motifs in contemporary media-loric polemic. As an aquapelagic imaginary, or indeed a performed aquapelago, the Ram Sethu is sustained by accumulating epistemic plurality from multiple geological, secularist, sacred and environmentalist interpretations. This epistemological plurality or transcendence of (geo-)logocentric meanings is an inevitable function of aquapelagic imaginaries, even more so of the Ram Sethu, which is reproduced by multiple determinate negations of religion (negating ambitions of economic development), developmentalism (negating themes of environmental sustainability), and environmentalism (negating majoritarian discourses of what constitutes the sacred).
ANALYZING PASSWORD DECRYPTION TECHNIQUES USING DICTIONARY ATTACK
Authors:   Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore., Kapoor Pranav , Agrawal Pratham ,   Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore., D. Aju ,   Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore.
Published: September 2021

To guard ourselves against a word attack or a breach, it is always important to have an awareness of the unremarkably used sorts of attacks. The most common type of attack is password guessing. Hackers can guess the passwords locally or remotely using either manually or through an automated approach. One such attack is Dictionary Attack. A dictionary attack tries to make an authentication mechanism fail by sequentially entering each word in a dictionary as a password or trying to find the decryption key of an encrypted message or document. In this paper, an empirical research on how dictionary attack works are performed. In addition to that, different techniques and approaches to the existing dictionary attacks are implemented to make the system more robust. Furthermore, a comparison of methods is performed to find which approach is better to protect the system.
Components of resistance to Olivea neotectonae in Tectona grandis Linn F. as a criterion for selecting promising genotypes
Authors: Chimello Antonio Marcos , Jesus Jeferson Gonçalves de , Melo Suelene Surubi de , Anjos Isabela Vera dos , Serafim Milson Evaldo , Araújo Kelly Lana , Neves Leonarda Grillo
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper was to identify the best components involving resistance to the O. neotectonae fungus, allowing for adequate selection of promising teak genotypes to explore in improvement programs or for disease management. Thirty different clonal teak genotypes were evaluated in a greenhouse from PROTECA Biotecnologia Florestal. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications and three plants per plot. The following characteristics were evaluated: average latent period, number of pustules per cm2, area below the number of pustules progress curve (ABNPPC), frequency of infection, and number of urediniospores per pustule. The data for the resistance characteristics were submitted to ANOVA and multivariate analysis applying grouping techniques and canonical variables. High genetic variability was observed among the 30 T. grandis genotypes regarding resistance to the O. neotectonae fungus. Both for the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), the canonical variables method and Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) the genotypes that showed the greatest resistance to the fungus were genotypes 03 and 10
Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
Authors: Lara Amandha , Santos Isabela Carvalho dos , Soares Andréia Assunção , Otutumi Luciana Kazue , Jacomassi Ezilda , Lovato Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski , Gazim Zilda Cristiani , Rahal Isabelle Luiz , Oliva Leiluana Roque , Gonçalves José Eduardo , Barbosa Lidiane Nunes , Gonçalves Daniela Dib
Published: September 2021

Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been widely used for hundreds of years, whether for its analgesic, antipyretic, or antimicrobial potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition and the ranges of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of aqueous rhizome and leaf extracts of Z. officinale and synergism of these extracts with antibiotics against six isolates of Staphylococcus spp. The chemical composition of the crude extract from the rhizome of Z. officinale cultivated in the region of Umuarama (Brazil) was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer and detected Zingerone (47.65%), α-Zingiberene (14.92%), β-Sesquiphellandrene- (6.16%), α-Curcumene (4.49%), Methyl 10-trans, 12-cis-octadecadienoate (4.42) and Gingerol (4.37). Six samples of Staphylococcus spp. from Veterinary Students’ nasal swabs were collected for antimicrobial susceptibility tests. The antibacterial activities of the aqueous extracts of ginger rhizome and leaves were evaluated with broth microdilution, and then synergism of the rhizome extract with the antimicrobials was verified to calculate the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). All the Staphylococcus spp. samples showed resistance to ampicillin and penicillin, 66.67% to erythromycin, and 33.33% to tetracycline. The MIC90% of each extract was estimated to be 235 mg/mL and 13.27 mg/mL for the leaf and rhizome, respectively. With the aqueous leaf extract, none of the samples presented MBC within the studied concentration range. On the other hand, the MBC obtained by the aqueous rhizome extract was 7.81 mg/mL for 50% of the samples. Calculation of the FICI showed that ½ MIC yielded the best result, with two synergistic relationships when combined with ampicillin. This research shows a potential use for the aqueous extract of ginger as an alternative or auxiliary therapy against resistant microorganisms
Introduction To Hearing And Speech Rehabilitation
Authors: Kasumović Ahmet
Published: September 2021

Rehabilitation of hearing and speech represents a theory that needs to be confirmed, and also the practice, also a process which is in continuous progress. It is simultaneously a science (research activity), the profession, school subject, issue, principle and method. Continuously be upgraded, and the search for new knowledge. Deaf and severely hearing-impaired people are often deprived from birth hearing and listening skills, and thus the ability to successfully speaking, standard, oral-vocal speech, language or hearing. In the absence of hearing, their psychological structure has been changed, so methods of learning that are used to hearing children, for them have no or have very small use. Therefore, the rehabilitation theory and practice need to seek for new methods, programming models, test materials, and researching the effectiveness of these methods in teaching speech and language skills of hearing impaired population. In this book, besides the general scientific, theoretical and practical regularity, related to the subject of Speech and Hearing Rehabilitation, are described the anatomical and physiological basis of auditory organs, and organs to speak, and the essential characteristics of the hearing impairment, ways of communications, education and rehabilitation in relation to general characteristics of hearing impaired persons. It describes the communication of the deaf and hard of hearing as a determinant of rehabilitation, rehabilitation of hearing as a determinant of learning speech and language, speech and language as a determinant of communication and speech-language education as a determinant of rehabilitation. The importance of programming in the rehabilitation of hearing and speech is highlighted, and new, paradigmatic-pragmatic methods in speech-language rehabilitation of the deaf and severely hard of hearing people is described. From a scientific point of view, programming of dynamic rehabilitation content, has or may have a direct scientific contribution to the psychological development of deaf and severely hearing-impaired population. By development of deaf person, the possibility of regulating the relation between a deaf person-society and vice versa is opened. The results of research of the use of programmed dynamic content in rehabilitation showed a significant movement to improve linguistic competence and quality in the communication of the deaf and severely hard of hearing people with hearing world. Dynamic methodological approaches in speech-language education of deaf and hearing-impaired children, it provides easier learning of all elements of speech and language, primarily phonology and morphology, and semantics, syntax, grammar and language of the hearing community.
FLOATING GASTRO-RETENTIVE DOSAGE FORMS – A NOVEL APPROACH FOR TARGETED AND CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY
Authors:   ZADA Pharmaceuticals, Aleksovsk Aleksandar
Published: September 2021

Controlled (modified) release dosage forms are one of the key concepts in drug delivery, leading to enhanced drug bioavailability and increased patient’s compliance. However conventional modified release dosage forms encounter one big disadvantage- lack of site-specific drug delivery. Scientists developed different kinds of targeted oral controlled release forms. One of these are gastro-retentive systems- systems which can remain in the stomach region for prolonged period of time and thereby release the active compound in controlled fashion. Floating dosage forms are the most promising approach of all gastro-retentive systems. They are capable to float over the gastric content in longer time intervals. This article makes a review on floating dosage forms in general, different approaches for achieving floatation, advantages and disadvantages of this drug delivery concept. For better understanding the topic,an emphasis is made also on the anatomical and physiological features of the stomach and on the factors affecting gastric retention.
INFLUENCE OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE ON THE SPEECH AND FOLK POETRY OF GORA
Authors:   Facutly of Education, University of Prizren, Idrizi Sadik
Published: September 2021

Based on its many structural features, the Gorani dialect belongs to Balkan linguistic union. Some features have joined this dialect as a result of lingustic and ethnic mixtures present in the southeastern part of Balkan peninsula. Romanic, Turkish and Greek languages have influenced a lot the creation of the Balkan linguistic association. Balkan languages show a lot of parallel features in phonetics, morphology, suntax and vocabulary.
DESCRIPTIVE GRADES IN INITIAL MATHEMATICAL TEACHING PARENTS' ATTITUDES
Authors:   University of Zenica, Burgić Dževad , Avdibegović Dalila ,   University of Zenica, Tabak Edin ,   University of Zenica
Published: September 2021

Evaluation is very sensitive process in up bring-education work and it is important for comprehensive development of student. More often are fears of different kind, certain forms of unacceptable behavior, are connected with students failure in school and with school evaluation.Grade is feedback on achievements whose purpose is to provide timely information of current level and the steps that are ahead. Numerical grade reflects level of achievements, but there is no indication about elements that makes that grade. Descriptive grade contains key information's about the progress and for that kind of grade you need a lot of words. For student to be descriptively graded, teacher needs to be professionally educated and ready for detailed monitoring and evaluation of student's achievements. Teacher, using appropriate terminology, should successfully describe achievements of student's progress. The school is expected to teach students how to learn and to prepare them for lifelong learning. One of the important factors is also parents. During the time spent with teachers and parents a need has be shown to examine parent's attitudes about descriptive grades in nine-year elementary school. One of the courses that a descriptive grade cannot fully characterize the overall progress of students is mathematics. This course has been chosen because of the problems that parents have when their kids are in first two grades of nine-year elementary school, their attitudes about descriptive grades and difficulties they have when they try to understand student's achievements.
ROLE OF PARENTS' ADJUSTMENT IN EXPLAINING PERCEPTION OF ADOLESCENTS' NEGATIVE INTERACTIONS WITH MOTHER AND FATHER
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, Tuzla, Efendić-Spahić Tamara , Ćorluka Čerkez Vesna ,   University "Džemal Bijedić" in Mostar
Published: September 2021

The research was conducted with the aim of examining the contribution of facets of the adjustment of mother and father for explaining the adolescents’ perception of negative relations with parents. The following adjustment measures were used in this research: anxiety, hypersensitivity, inner coherence, interpersonal orientation and aggression of mother and father individually. The measures of negative interactions between adolescents and parents are conceptualized through the dimension of negative relations with parents, which includes adolescents’ assessment regarding the rejection by father and mother and the assessment of negative relations with father and mother. The research was conducted on a sample including 273 subjects in total: 47 female subjects, 44 male subjects and their parents. For testing the hypotheses, the multiple regression analysis was used. The obtained results show that adjustment facets are important predictors for explaining the perception of negative relations with father. The facet of aggression stands as the most significant predictor among adjustment factors for the group of fathers. For the group of mothers, adjustment did not prove a significant predictor for explaining perception of negative relations. Possible explanations for a modest contribution of mother’s adjustment can be found in the possibility for the quality of family interactions with mother is more explained by an emotional relation that is established between her and the child in early childhood and does not change its quality at later development stages.
HENRY'S "HAND OF GOD"
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, Novi Sad, Department of Philosophy, Kaluđerović Željko
Published: September 2021

In this paper the author discusses the views and statements of the French football player Thierry Henry he gave after his illegal play during the playoff match between France and the Republic of Ireland to claim one of the final spots in the World Cup 2010 in South Africa. First, by controlling the ball with his hand before passing it on for the goal Henry has shown disregard for the constitutive rules of football. Then, by stating that he is "not a referee" he demonstrated that for some players rules are not inherent to football and that they can be relativized, given that for them winning is the goal of the highest ontological status. Furthermore, he has rejected the rules of sportsmanship, thus expressing his opinion that the opponents are just obstacles which have to be removed in order to achieve your goals. Henry's action has disrupted major moral values, such as justice, honesty, responsibility and beneficence. The rules of fair play have totally been ignored both in Henry's action and in the Football Association of France's unwillingness to comment on whether a replay should take place. They have ignored one of the basic principles stated in the "Declaration of the International Fair Play Committee", according to which, fair play is much more than playing to the rules of the game; it's about the attitude of the sportsperson. It's about respecting your opponent and preserving his or her physical and psychological integrity. Finally, the author believes that the rules, moral values and fair play in football are required for this game to become actually possible to play.
THE CULTURE OF COEXISTENCE AND PERCEPTION OF THE OTHER IN THE WESTERN BALKANS
Authors:   İzocam Ticaret ve Sanayi A.Ş. (İYEM), Akova Sibel , Terek Ünal Gülin ,   Istanbul University Faculty of Communication
Published: September 2021

Throughout the 550 year Ottoman rule over the Balkan lands, where even today internal dynamics threaten peace and justice, how and through what means the Ottoman Empire achieved consistency, security and peace is a question to which a number of political scientists, sociologists, communication scientists and history researchers have sought an answer. The most interesting point of the question is that the peoples of the Balkans, a living museum comprising a number of different ethnic groups and religious beliefs, have reached the point where the culture of coexistence has been internalised and dynamics have moved from the conflict of identities to cultural integration. The Balkans are a bridge to the East from Europe and indeed to the West from Turkey, incorporating a patchwork political and cultural geography, the geopolitical location and a richness of culture and civilization, being one of the areas attracting the attention of researchers from different disciplines and capturing the imagination of the peoples of the world throughout history. Balkan studies are almost as difficult as climbing the peaks in the areas and meaningful answers cannot be reached by defining the area on a single parameter such as language, culture or traditions, while the phenomenon of the other can also be observed within the culture of coexistence in this intricate and significant location. Different ethnic groups with different cultures, such as the Southern Slavs (Bosniaks, Montenegrans, Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) as well as Turks, Albanians, Bulgarians, Balkan Jews, Balkan Romany and Wallachians (Romanians and Greeks). Although these peoples may have different religious beliefs, in the ethnically rich Balkan region, religion, language, political and cultural differences are vital in the formation of a mosaic, making the discourse of coexistence possible and creating common values and loyalties, breaking down differences. The Serbian and Montenegrin peoples, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church, the Croat and Slovene peoples belonging to the Catholic Church and the Muslin Bosniaks have shared the same lands and livee in coexistence throughout the historical process, despite having different beliefs. However, in some periods the other and the perception of the other have replaced common values, leading to conflicts of interest, unrest and religion based wars. After the breakup of the Yugoslavian Federal Socialist Republic, Slovenia, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo, defined by the European Union as the Western Balkans, have established themselves as nation states of the stage of history. The scope of our study is these Western Balkan Countries, and we will use the terminology Western Balkans throughout.
ORGANIZED CRIME AS A DYNAMIC AND COMPLEX CHALLENGE FACED BY THE MODERN SOCIETY
Authors:   State Investigation and Protecton Agency, Ministry of Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Halilagić Nermin
Published: September 2021

Organized crime is a complex and in many ways specifi c criminal phenomenon, now considered to be the most dangerous form of crime. It appeared relatively recently in both Bosnia and Herzegovina and the other republics of the former Yugoslavia. This work reviews the level of danger organized crime has presented to society through history. The author of the paper also refers to the characteristics of organized crime and highlights the presence of different both international and domestic opinions on the defi nition of the concept of organized crime, and the fact that today there is still no universal defi nition of the content of this concept. Also mentioned are criminal offenses related to organized crime.
CHILDRAN’S DRAWING OF HUMAN FIGURE ANALISIS
Authors:   Teaching Faculty University of Džemal Bijedić, Mostar, Pezo Salko
Published: September 2021

Beside speech, that helps children to express their feelings and experiences, establish relations with people, the drawing is one of the most truthful ways of its expression. In this paper the results of pleasant and unpleasant emotions among children through drawing of human fi gure are presented. The survey is conducted on 634 children, and the results indicate that there is difference in expressing negative emotions between boys and girls, while at expressing pleasant emotions the results are similar.
THE DEMOCRATIC CONTROL OF MILITARY FORCES
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tuzla, Oštraković Smail
Published: September 2021

The transition requirement for post communism countries, especially the part that is about military forces is to establish those civil-military relation that will have prepared projects for awareness evolving of society and military about necessity of democratic control over military sector of country through development of many different communication forms and shapes. Before everything, it means the entire freedom and independence of media at access to military forces as the topic and subject of its interests and also the organization of public military communication system as integral part of information-communication system in society
ETHIC AND SPORT
Authors: Kaluđerović Željko
Published: September 2021

In this paper the author considers the rules of sports (constitutive and sportsmanship rules), moral values of sports (justice, honesty, responsibility, benefi cence) and fair play. Constitutive rules are the rules which determine the essence of the game itself, determine the structure of a certain sport, standardize the way in which it is played and sanction unallowed sport activities. Sportsmanship represents unwritten moral rules based on virtues of righteousness and honesty. Moral values are predominant forms of understanding of the purpose of human activity and the way in which human moral character is practically manifested. Fair play can be defi ned as commitment to the spirit and letter of equality of competitors in relation to the rules, and all towards the common search for excellence. The author believes that the rules, moral values and fair play in sport are required for any game to become actually possible to play. Nevertheless, occasionally, the necessity of some of the above mentioned preconditions, for example sportsmanship, is being relativized. Namely, the standing point that a competitor needs to make a certain effort in order to encourage his opponent to play well, and thus raise the level of enjoyment for both himself and his opponent, does not meet either the general approval of athletes or of the public. It is generally claimed that it is suffi cient to play by the rules in order to proclaim the playing as morally correct. The author looks at such an attempt to separate the sport from morality through the prism of modern tendency to separate different forms of practical activity from their ethical implications.
FORMS OF HAND IN SIGN LANGUAGE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA – PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
Authors:   Center for Education and Rehabilitation of hearing and speech, Tuzla, H. Mahmutović Esad , Hasanbegović Husnija ,   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla
Published: September 2021

In this work there is shown illustration of 14 newly discovered forms of hand in sign language (SL) in B&H, and one photographic presentation for each of the signs in which that form of the hand is represented. The goal of this work was to visualize the newly discovered forms of hand in order to ensure their adequate practical application in everyday communication of the deaf, various studies of sign language and future scientific analysis. Considering that the analysis of the contents in study is encompassing only 425 signs SL in B&H, it can be concluded that future linguistic research, among other results in the purpose of its standardization, could discover new forms of hand.
EVALUATING PATIENTS’ NEEDS AMONG REHABILITATION SETTING
Authors:   King Fahd Medical City, M. J. Alqahtani Mohammed
Published: September 2021

Patient’ needs have been found to be crucial to the success of rehabilitation and recovery. To understand what patients want from their rehabilitation services should be addressed in the rehabilitation intervention. This study aims to examine patients’ needs for rehabilitation services as well as to examine the validity of a self-report questionnaire that developed to measure what patient needs from rehabilitation services in Saudi Arabia. Tow hundreds-eighty patients, from inpatients and outpatients, with stroke, spinal cord and brain injury completed the Patient’s Needs Questionnaire (PNQ). In general, the result showed that patients are in highly needs for Psychological Interventions, even before Rehabilitation and Treatment component. In detail, Psychological Intervention and Emotional Support were significantly greater in inpatients than in outpatients. Outpatients, in contrast, affirmed the Religious Support component significantly more than inpatients did. The statistical analysis of PNQ yielded four components: psychological interventions, rehabilitation and treatment, religious support, and explanation/reassurance. These components accounted for 48.71% of the total variances. Rehabilitation services is not only the component of rehabilitation intervention and medical treatments, indeed, it is a holistic intervention that understand the psychological, religious, and reassurance demands. The health provider in Saudi Arabia should develop a rehabilitation goal menu based on patient-centred care needs. The PNQ is a valuable and practical tool for the identification of patients’ needs from rehabilitation services.
DIGITALIZATION IN THE HUMANITIES – BRIEF OVERVIEW WITH THE SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE SITUATION IN SERBIA
Authors:   Department of History, Faculty of Philosophy, Niš University, Miljković Ema
Published: September 2021

The humanities have definitely entered the new phase regarding the research method. One of the new approaches is certainly digitalization of the available material and creation of various interfaces for its usage. The new method has gained its pace first in the United States and then also in the Western Europe. As for Serbia, some significant steps have been made into that direction, although there is still lot of things to be done.
Quantification of the hydrological consequences of climate change in a typical West African catchment using flow duration curves
Authors: Kwakye Stephen Oppong , Bárdossy András
Published: September 2021

The quantification of the consequences of climate change (CC) on the hydrology of the West Africa region was performed using a validated Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning hydrological model and regional climate models which was driven by different general circulation models (GCMs) from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) and the Regional Climate Division of the Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (IMK-IFU). The quantile mapping and linear-scaling bias adjustment methods were used to correct the inherent errors in the climate simulations. Flow duration curves (FDCs) and generic annual discharge cycles were used in determining the impacts of the change on hydrology (river flow) in the Black Volta catchment within the subregion. It was found out that, in the first segment of the FDCs representing high flows, there was a slight increase in the future flow characterizing a higher watershed water yield from high rainfall events in the future. The 10–40% exceedance probabilities of flow representing wet conditions; 40–60% relating to mid-range flows; 60–90% representing dry period conditions; and low flows (90–100%) all show a decrease in the future flows for four out of the five GCM driving models. Most worrying is the reduction in flows for the 90–100% exceedance probabilities in the future relating to the sustainability of streamflow in the long term. It was concluded that CC could negatively impact and decrease the hydrology of the subregion in the future with most of the rivers in the catchment running dry in most months of the annual discharge cycle.
Singular value decomposition (SVD) based correlation analysis of climatic factors and extreme precipitation in Hunan Province, China, during 1960–2009
Authors: Zhou Hui , Zhu Junjun , Xiao Heng , Wang Xinkui
Published: September 2021

A small change in the mean climate may lead to a dramatic change in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events. In this study, the relationship between mean temperature (MT) and extreme precipitation and the influence from large-scale circulation were investigated in Hunan Province. The correlation between MT and the frequency of extreme precipitation events in different seasons (spring, summer, and autumn) and time periods (1960–2009) was used to obtain pairs of spatial patterns by the singular value decomposition method. The temporal expansion series displayed a consistent trend of temperature and extreme precipitation, and a mutation was observed to occur approximately during the 1980s–1990s. Temperature exhibited a warming trend after the mutation, but the frequency of extreme precipitation events exhibited obvious spatio-temporal variations. The causes of seasonal differences in the frequency of extreme precipitation events were determined by comparing interdecadal changes in three atmospheric circulation factors (850 hPa winds, the entire layer of vapor transportation fluxes and vapor flux divergence) before and after the mutation was revealed.
PSU-g-SBMA hollow fiber membrane for treatment of oily wastewater
Authors: Shen Chong , Zhang Qian , Meng Qin
Published: September 2021

Ultrafiltration membranes can intercept oil particles smaller than 10 μm, but the membranes are easily contaminated by oil due to their hydrophobicity. To treat various oily wastewaters, we prepared a hydrophilic hollow fiber membrane (HFM) with anti-fouling property by grafting sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) onto polysulfone (PSU). For six simulated wastewaters containing emulsified oil at 1,000 mg/L, the PSU-g-SBMA HFM was able to remove 98.5–99.7% of oil, higher than that of PSU HFM at 91.1–98.9%. The oil concentration in filtrate was less than 15 mg/L, which could meet the discharge standard of wastewater. The water flux of PSU-g-SBMA HFM can be completely recovered after being washed by rhamnolipid and alkali solution, while the same cleaning process could not recover the PSU HFM. As found, the contact angles of oil droplets on the PSU-g-SBMA membrane were larger than those on PSU membrane, which indicated the improved hydrophilicity by PSU-g-SBMA. For 48 h of filtration to soybean and diesel oil/water emulsion, the effect of PSU-g-SBMA HFM was stable and the flux could be completely recovered by cleaning. Therefore, we provided a new method for oily wastewater treatment, which can efficiently and energy-saving remove various oil substances in wastewater.
Wetlands in the coastal dunes between Monte Hermoso and Pehuen Có, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Hydrological typification
Authors: Ruffo Andrés Gabriel , Albouy René , Bastianelli Nerea , Carrica Jorge
Published: September 2021

This research, which is part of a larger research project, aims to recognize and typify the wetland sectors which are identified in the dunes line between the Monte Hermoso city and Pehuen Có village, in the southwest coast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. A well-known hydrological characterization methodology is applied, which takes into account factors such as water origin, emptying mode, hydroperiod, renewal rate, and hydrochemical composition. The study is based on field and laboratory information, scientific background works and interpretation of satellite images. The presence and hydrological functioning of these wetlands are essentially linked to the aquifer`s hydrodynamics and, in particular, to the discharge zones. The presence of superficial water between the dunes constitutes a singularity of these natural spaces. This contribution allows knowing some wetlands in the coastal dunes, locate them and define their level of integrity. It is necessary to investigate the spatial variability and temporal hydrochemical evolution. It warns about the environmental importance of these environments and their need for proper management and conservation.
Spatial and temporal expression of the wetlands of the Atuel and Salado rivers, La Pampa, Argentina
Authors: Páez Campos Hugo Ramiro , Dornes Pablo Fernando
Published: September 2021

Wetlands are complex and diverse ecosystems, both in their biological characteristics and physical processes that determine their functioning. Their expression varies according to various factors, such as weather, geological environment, relationships between surface and groundwater and anthropogenic influence. The area is located at the confluence of the Atuel and Salado Rivers, in a semi-arid region within an extensive alluvial plain with many channels and flooded areas. The hydrological regime is drastically modified by upstream uses, which complicate the understanding of its functioning. The objective of the study was to describe changes in the spatial patterns of flooded areas, based on remote sensing with optical satellite images (Landsat 5 TM, 8 OLI and Sentinel 2A). For the analysis of the inter-annual and monthly spatial variation, the events and continuous series between 1984 and 2017 were used. The surface and groundwater interaction was analyzed by comparing flows, variation of the water table and hydrochemistry. The activation of the wetlands shows an expansion and contraction related to the hydrological regime of both rivers, with a predominantly influential character. Groundwater gradients have the same direction as the surface flows. The lack of these flows drastically deteriorates chemical quality of the groundwater. The flooded pattern differs according to the magnitude of the runoff events. The synchronicity of high flows in both rivers determines the area expression of the wetlands and the surface outflow from the system.
Monitoring the hourly actual evapotranspiration through the energy balance and a weighing lysimeter
Authors: Gabriel Faramiñán Adán Matías , Carmona Facundo , Rivas Raúl Eduardo , Degano María Florencia , Olivera Rodríguez Paula
Published: September 2021

By having sufficient knowledge about evapotranspiration in space and time, it is possible to manage and plan the water management of a basin. Evapotranspiration can be obtained indirectly at a local scale through information recorded in agrometeorological stations, or regionally with the use of satellite data. In order to have reliable models, it is very important to validate the information generated with direct measures of evapotranspiration.Therefore, direct measurements of evapotranspiration in clay secano-soils covered by grasses and the use of the data generated for the validation of indirect measurements are presented in this study. To achieve this, hourly data from an energy balance station and direct measurements of a weighing lysimeter were used to study the water loss during two experimental campaigns carried out in Tandil (Argentina), in the months February-March and September 2017. The comparison of the methods was made for different moisture conditions of the soil. The energy balance model estimates approximate values of actual evapotranspiration for maximum values of soil moisture (0.01-0.15 mm hour-1), showing greater differences (0.1-0.35 mm hour-1) when the soil moisture tends to minimum values. However, it was demonstrated that a simple one-level model to determine the latter variable is applicable for areas with reference coverage, allowing simplifications in aerodynamic and crop resistance measurements (Allen et al. 1998). This contribution provides necessary information for the validation of satellite models applied to plains areas, where evapotranspiration is a term of great importance.
Analysis of the recharge processes and surface-groundwater interactions in the Bolo catchment of the Cauca river, Colombia
Authors: Céspedes López Guillermo , Stigter Tibor Yvan , Condesso de Melo Maria Teresa , Werner Micha
Published: September 2021

We have carried out a detailed analysis of the recharge processes and surface water -roundwater flow interactions in the Bolo catchment of the Cauca River (Colombia), one of the areas with highest groundwater demand in the region. This research is focused on the study of groundwater recharge in the aquifer and its interactions with the Bolo River. Estimated recharge varies with the geology, with a higher recharge in the alluvial fans mostly underlain by loam sandy soils, and lower values in the alluvial plains, where loam clay soils are redominant. Estimation of average annual recharge by the soil water balance method varies from 162 mm/year (11% of P) in the alluvial plains and up to 522 mm/year (35% of P) in the alluvial fans. Estimated recharge values are lower with the chloride mass balance method, with an average of 102 mm/year (7% of P) in the alluvial plains and 385 mm/ year (26% of P) in the fans. Surface water - groundwater interactions were studied through the analysis of groundwater hydraulic heads and hydrochemical analysis. Our results confirm that the Bolo River and the shallow aquifer have different interactions throughout the catchment, producing recharge and discharge areas.