bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategy and Tactics in Combinatorial Organic Synthesis. Applications to Drug Discovery
Authors: Gordon Eric M. , Patel Dinesh V. , Jacobs Jeffrey W. , Gordeev Mikhail F. , Zhou Joseph
Published: April 2022

A strategic analysis of various issues which pertain to the enablement of combinatorial organic synthesis to produce libraries of non-polymeric organic molecules is given. Methods and examples of the development of solid-phase organic chemistry and its subsequent application to combinatorial library synthesis for drug discovery is illustrated with successful case studies. The synthetic versatility of resin-bound amino-acid-derived imine intermediates to produces, β-sultams and pyridines is shown. Use of natural products as key components for creation of combinatorial libraries is presented using Rauwolfia alkaloids and the cephalosporin nucleus as examples.
Photochemical Transformations of Proteinogenic and Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acids
Authors: Griesbeck Axel G.
Published: April 2022

The photochemistry of N-activated enantiomerically pure α-amino acids is described with emphasis on chemo-, regio-, stereo-, and spin selectivity. An especially valuable chromophore is the phthalimido group. The first excited singlet states are short-lived and deactivated (chemically) via homolytic CH cleavage or (physically) via electron-transfer steps. The first excited triplet states are chemically deactivated via electron-transfer reactions and subsequent deprotonation/coupling steps. A wide variety of product types were synthesized, and potential target molecules were available by tuning the reaction conditions. Also remote groups can be activated by means of electron-transfer steps, which represents an attractive new synthetic protocol for macrocyclization.
Enzyme-like reactivity for increasing selectivity in CO2 electrochemical reduction
Authors: Koovakattil Surendran Adarsh , Tripodi Guilherme L. , Pluharova Eva , Pereverzev Aleksandr Y. , Bruekers Jeroen P. J. , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Meijer Evert Jan , Roithova Jana
Published: April 2022

The development of selective catalysts for the reduction of CO2 mostly focuses on electrocatalytic approaches and aims at increasing the selectivity of the reaction while keeping a high activity, which is difficult to achieve. Metalloporphyrins are good catalysts for CO2 reduction because they have favorable electronic properties and offer the possibility to make use of secondary coordination sphere effects. Here, we present a new approach to CO2 reduction, which is based on host-guest chemistry enabled by an iron porphyrin cage catalyst. When this iron porphyrin cage catalyst is immobilized on a conducting carbon support the selectivity for CO2 reduction to CO stays above 90 % in a wide range of overpotentials. The hosting of potassium ions in the cage of the catalyst decreases the overpotential of the reduction and increases the catalytical activity while retaining the high selectivity. DFT calculations show that the potassium ions assist the reduction of CO2 by making the 2-electron transfer from iron(0) to CO2 exothermic. Upon protonation, the Fe-COOH intermediates have been trapped by combining an electrochemical cell with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer and their structure has been characterized by cryogenic ion spectroscopy.
Highly Stereospecific Cyclizations of Homoallylic Silanols
Authors: SATHYAMOORTHI SHYAM , Shinde Anand , Dhokale Ranjeet , Mague Joel
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate that di-tert-butylsilanols are competent nucleophiles for the intramolecular interception of palladium π-allyl species. In these reactions, allyl ethyl carbonates are the best precursors for the formation of palladium π-allyl intermediates, and [(Cinnamyl)PdCl]2/BINAP is superior to other Pd salt/ligand framework combinations. Our optimized protocol is compatible with a variety of silanol substrates. Importantly, the cyclization is perfectly stereospecific, proceeding via an anti-syn mechanism, which stands in contrast to reported analogous reactions of alcohols and phenols, which proceed via an anti-anti mechanism. The alkenes in the product dioxasilinanes serve as blank slates for further functionalization.
Synthesis and styrene copolymerization of halogen ring-disubstituted 2-methoxyethyl phenylcyanoacrylates
Authors: Abdelhamid Ehab , Abourahma Hussein , Bellino Julia K. , Bowser Joshua S.M. , De Anda Lourdes , DeMaria Richard E. , Galeczka Erika M. , Martin Madeline B. , Nasir Abdulrafey , Pawlak Alexis A. , Pezza Ashley , Quade Rachel I. , Schell Anna B. , Tafoya Valerie , Vashi Bhavi D. , Vikaruddin Sabah I. , Zygowski Sophia L. , Rocus Sara M. , Schjerven William S. , Kharas Gregory B
Published: April 2022

Novel halogen ring-disubstituted 2-methoxyethyl phenylcyanoacrylates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2CH2CH2OCH3 (where R is 2,5-dibromo, 3,5-dibromo, 2,3-dichloro, 2,4-dichloro, 2,6-dichloro, 3,4-dichloro, 3,5-dichloro, 2,4-difluoro, 2,5-difluoro, 2,6-difluoro, 3,4-difluoro, 3,5-difluoro, 2-chloro-6-fluoro, 3-chloro-4-fluoro, 2-chloro-5-nitro, 4-chloro-3-nitro, 2-fluoro-5-iodo) were prepared and copolymerized with styrene. The acrylates were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-disubstituted benzaldehydes and 2-methoxyethyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. All the acrylates were copolymerized with styrene in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis.
Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density with DEXA in Hyperthyroid Patients Treated with Radioactive Iodine Treatment
Authors: İLÇE Huri Tilla
Published: April 2022

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate bone mineral density (BMD) and radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment in patients with hyperthyroidism and to evaluate the effects of RAI treatment on BMD. The results were reviewed with current literature.
Materials and Methods: Thyroid scintigraphy, thyroid functions, DEXA results of patients were evaluated before and after RAI.
Results: Forty-six patients (31 female, 15 male) with a mean age of 58.4±11.1 were studied. Three (7%) patients had Graves' disease (GH), 24 (52%) toxic adenomas (TA), 19 (41%) toxic multinodular goiters (TMNG). Mean values before RAI; TSH 0.005 IU/mL, fT3 12.33 pmol/L, fT4 17.38 pmol/L, vertebral T score (-)1.15, Z score 0.33, BMD 0.99g/cm2, femur T-Score (-)1.30, Z-Score 0, BMD 0.83 was g/cm2. Mean values after RAI; TSH 1.19 IU/mL, fT3 3.44 pmol/L, fT4 11.33 pmol/mL, vertebral T score (-) 0.85, Z score 0.04, BMD 1.03g/cm2, femur T-Score (-)1.0, Z-Score 0.30, BMD 0.87 was g/cm2.
Conclusion: RAI can be successfully used in selected patients with hyperthyroidism. The decrease in BMD improves after RAI. The results are consistent with current literature.
Böbrek Nakli Yapılan Hastalarda Sosyo-Demografik ve Klinik Özelliklerin İmmünosupresif Uyumuna Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Tek Merkezli Çalışma
Authors: AKINCI Naile , AKİNCİ Serkan
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırmada böbrek nakli yapılan hastaların ilaç uyum oranlarını, sosyo-demografik ve klinik özelliklerin immünosupresif uyumuna etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlanmaktadır.

Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma tek merkezli olarak kesitsel tanımlayıcı planlandı ve gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmaya organ nakli merkezinde son 6 yılda (2015-2021) böbrek nakli yapılan 210 hasta dahil edildi. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak; “Hasta Bilgi Formu”, Böbrek Nakli Hastaları İçin İlaç İzlem Formu”, “İmmünosüpresif Tedaviye Uyum Ölçeği” kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan hastaların İmmünosüpresif Tedaviye Uyum Ölçeği toplam puanları ortalama 11,16±0,82 olarak bulundu ve %57,9’unun immünosupresif ilaç kullanımına çok iyi uyum gösterdiği belirlendi. Sosyodemografik özelliklerden evli, üniversite mezunu, yüksek gelire sahip olanlarda İmmünosüpresif Tedaviye Uyum Ölçeği toplam puanları yüksek bulundu. Klinik özelliklerden ise bir günde kullanılan ilaç adedi arttıkça katılımcıların İmmünosüpresif Tedaviye Uyum Ölçeği puanlarının azaldığı saptandı. İlaç kullanımına yönelik eğitim alanlarda, immünosupresif ilaçların yan etkileri olmayan katılımcılarda İmmünosüpresif Tedaviye Uyum Ölçeği toplam puanları daha yüksek bulundu.

Sonuç: Böbrek nakli yapılan merkezlerde hastaların immünosupresif ilaç uyumlarının düzenli olarak kontrol edilmesi, uyumsuzluğa etki eden faktörlerin belirlenerek uyumu arttırıcı doğru yaklaşım yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi, yaygınlaşması, süreklilik kazanması ve bunun hastane protokollerine eklenmesi gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.
Current challenges in Human resources management -post covid scenario
Authors: V MOUNESWARI
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic threw employers and employees into chaos and uncertainty, with no clear end in sight. HR operated in crisis mode for much of 2020 and the first half of 2021, figuring out how employees could work from home, trying to provide extra mental and physical health support, and working more than ever on C-level strategies for keeping their organizations functioning. As the dust continues to settle and companies adjust to a new normal, the role of HR has fundamentally changed. The current chapter highlighted the what are current challenges in human resources management -post covid-19 scenario.
Understanding the key Characteristics of Consumer Behaviour-Post Covid Scenario
Authors: A S SATHISH , P VENKATA SUBBAIAH
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is changing our lives in multiple ways —ways that we, as a society, will come to detect, understand, and accept many years from now. A critical situation pushes human behaviour towards different directions with some aspects of behaviour being irrevocable. COVID-19 pandemic is not a normal crisis, and to control the spread of disease various measures were taken including complete and then partial lockdown. Since all elements of the economy are intricately interrelated with public health measures and lockdown, this resulted in economic instabilities of the nations hinting towards change in market dynamics. In every market,consumers are the drivers of the market competitiveness, growth and economic integration. With economic instability, consumers are also experiencing a transformation in behaviour, though how much of transformation experienced during the crisis will sustain is a question. This chapter looks at the consumer behaviour during COVID-19 crisis and in the subsequent lockdown period when the world stood still for more than a quarter of a year.
Cultural Pragmatics and the Re-Fusing of Collective Memory: A Study of Trade Union and Community and Voluntary Representatives' Collective Memory of Neoliberalisation in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors:   , Neilson Brent
Published: April 2022

That there has been sudden and significant social transformation resulting from neoliberalisation in Aotearoa New Zealand is clear. Few Western liberal democracies experienced the impacts of neoliberalisation to the extent and with the speed New Zealand did beginning in 1984. Owing to the speed and scale of reform, coupled with its implementation by a traditionally social democratic Labour Government, 1984 is itself collectively remembered by many communities within New Zealand as being symbolic of a significant rupture within New Zealand history, as a breach within the Labour Party, as a break from the values and principles of the labour movement, and as heralding a period of monumental social, cultural, economic, and political change.

Through interviews with twenty-one representatives of the trade union and community and voluntary sectors, my research presents a collective memory of neoliberal structural reform in Aotearoa New Zealand. In doing so, I argue a case for the application of cultural sociologist Jeffrey C. Alexander’s theory of cultural pragmatics in the analysis of collective memory, in which social performance is collectively and mnemonically dramatised and analysed as analogous to theatrical performance.

I utilise analysis of collective memory of this period in order to delve deeper into what these memories can tell us about the narrativisation of social memory and change, the continued impacts of neoliberalisation, and the present social, cultural, political, and economic conjuncture. By examining communities’ narrativisation of the past through collective memory, and the work of sense-making on the part of those who remember, the theoretical framework adopted in this study can aid the researcher in bringing to light the enduring meaning of events in a shared past, and the continued construction of this meaning through the present and future. In doing so, the applicability of Alexander’s theory of cultural performance, in exploring the narrativisation of drama in social and political life, is shown to aid in mnemonic re-fusion—or the memory and meaning-work of amalgamating component parts of cultural performance for the purpose of constructing a collective narrativisation of the past.
CONTENT OF THE DISCIPLINE PROGRAM NATURAL AND MAN-MADE COMPLEXES AND THE BASICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Vedernikov K.E.
Published: April 2022

The article describes the structure of the discipline program, which is part of the mandatory part of the approximate curriculum for bachelor's degree in the direction of 20.03.02, forming general professional and professional competencies. The structure of the program and the content of the discipline are approximate, that is, optional for use.
USE OF THE SELECTIVE TRANSFER MECHANISM IN MOVABLE COUPLINGS USED IN POWER TRANSMISSIONS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, EROKHIN MIKHAIL N.
Published: April 2022

Searching for new effective ways of increasing the wear resistance of power transmissions and improving their durability, the authors propose a device for enriching the lubrication system of power transmissions with copper-alloying elements. The tribochemical processes have been studied and the components of the lubricating composition have been selected to provide for the self-organized selective transfer in the “steel-steel” friction couples accompanied by the formation of a servovit film. The authors developed a utility model for enriching the lubricating system oil with copper-alloying elements for power transmission. For testing the effectiveness of the proposed additive and the method of forming the servovit film during operation, a roller test bench was used. It provided for synchronous measurement of the wear rate and the friction force moment during the whole experiment without disconnecting the friction zone. The friction zone (test contact) was formed by the cyclic surfaces of a roller with a diameter of 70.0 ± 0.1 mm made of steel 45 (HRs 50) and a homogenized pad with a radius of 35.0 ± 0.1 mm and dimensions (plan view) of 2.01 mm (along the sliding line) and 7.27 mm (across the sliding line). The friction area was 0.1461 cm2. A set of normal forces: 730; 925; and 1130 N – was experimentally determined to ensure that there was no seizure. The shaft speed of 100 min-1 (a linear velocity of 0.37 m) was experimentally chosen under the condition of guaranteed absence of the hydrodynamic lubrication mode. The presented method of cladding additive production is easily implemented in the transmission units and also prevents the sedimentary instability of the lubricating composition. The device for enriching the lubricating system oil with copper alloying elements in the process of operation provides for a stable and self-organized mode of selective transfer. The results of tribological studies have shown the high efficiency of the cladding additive – the wear rate in the range of the normal force of 720 to 1130 N has reduced in 2.8…7 times.
STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A COMPOSITE MATERIAL BASED ON 3D-PRINTED FRAMES FILLED WITH POLYMER COMPOUND
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, GONCHAROVA YULIA A.
Published: April 2022

3D printing technologies are used to make spare parts for agricultural machinery. Among other things, the use of 3D printing in this area is restrained due to insufficiently high mechanical properties of the resulting parts, which occurs due to poor adhesion between plastic layers during printing. To eliminate this problem, the author proposes to carry out vacuum impregnation of 3D-printed parts in epoxy resin. The aim of this work is to assess the change in the tensile strength and the impact strength between the 3D-printed polymer samples and the 3D-printed samples impregnated in a polymer compound, as well as to reveal the behavior of these properties depending on the structure of the 3D-printed frame. The frames of the samples were made of polylactide on a 3D printer using the FDM technology with different percentages of filling (20, 33, and 50%). During the printing process, layers of plastic were stacked in longitudinal and transverse directions relative to the sample axis. Subsequent impregnation was carried out in a vacuum chamber. As a result of the tests, it was found that for any geometry the mechanical properties of the impregnated samples are higher than those of the non-impregnated ones, and the anisotropy of the strength properties for the impregnated samples with different directions of layers was found significantly reduced (the anisotropy coefficient decreased from 2-5.5 to 1). The material destruction type is fragile. For samples of the longitudinal type, an increase in mechanical properties is observed with an increase in the percentage of 3D printing filling. On the contrary, samples of the transverse type have a tendency to decrease their level of properties. In this regard, for structures experiencing loads in different directions during operation, it is recommended to use an intermediate ratio between the base plastic and the impregnating composition (33:77%, respectively).
DESIGNING A HYBRID WORKING UNIT FOR INTRODUCING FALLOW LANDS INTO CROP ROTATION
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, ALDOSHIN NIKOLAY V
Published: April 2022

Constantly increasing requirements to reduce the energy efficiency of technological processes in crop production call for designing new mechanization means capable of cutting and performing surface tillage in one pass of a unit. The study of modern scientific and patent literature has revealed that the existing individual models of such machines are not used in agricultural production. The work aims to theoretically justify a new hybrid unit designed for simultaneous cutting and soil rotatilling based on the system approach. Theoretical studies showed that the initial requirements for removing low-value and weedy vegetation with simultaneous soil surface rotatilling. The authors considered a model of combining these technological processes, taking into account the requirements for fodder harvesting technology. A provision was made that during soil preparation it is necessary to undercut the vegetation completely with the least energy inputs without reducing its quality for further impacts. In mathematical designing of the working unit, rheological properties of cultivation objects – soil layer and vegetative material – were taken into account. Based on these research outcomes, the authors developed the effective design of a working unit combining cutting with soil rotatilling. Comparative analyses of the agro-energy intensity of the combined operation showed a reduction of specific energy consumption by 10…12% on average.
Meta-Analysis: Effect of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Pregnant Women as Passive Smokers on Low Birth Weight
Authors: Kusumaningtiyas Zonna Aditiya , Ryadi Yusuf
Published: April 2022

Background: Intrauterine exposure to tobacco smoke is considered an important risk factor for low birth weight (LBW) infants, low birth weight (SGA) infants, and preterm delivery. Mothers who smoke during pregnancy are known to limit intrauterine fetal growth and result in low birth weight. This study aims to analyze the effect of exposure to cigarette smoke on pregnant women as active smokers on the incidence of low birth weight.Subjects and Method: This research is a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The article search process was carried out between 2013-2021 using databases from PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct PICO, namely, population= pregnant women. Intervention= exposure to cigarette smoke. Comparison= not exposed to cigarette smoke. Outcome= low birth weight. The keywords used for the article search were “Pregnant or pregnancy” AND “smoking” AND “birth weight”. The analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 software.Results: There are 8 primary studies spread across 4 continents, namely the continents of Australia, South America, Asia, and Europe, which were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The data found showed that exposure to cigarette smoke in pregnant women as passive smokers increased 2.01 times low birth weight compared to pregnant women who were not exposed to cigarettes (aOR= 2.01; 95% CI= 1.32 to 3.06; p<0.001).Conclusion: Exposure to cigarette smoke in pregnant women as passive smokers increases the risk of low birth weight.
Keywords: Low birth weight (LBW), cigarette exposure
Correspondence:Zonna Aditiya Kusumaningtiyas. Diploma IV of Midwifery, Health Polytechnics Ministry of Health, Surabaya. Jl. Pucang Jajar Tengah 56, Surabaya, East Java. Email: zonnaaditiya22@gmail.com. Mobile: +62-822-3499-8054.
İsmail Sem’i Efendi ve “Usul-i Muhakemenin Tarihçesi” Risalesi Bağlamında İslam-Osmanlı Yargılama Usulünün Tarihine Bir Bakış
Authors: YILMAZ Yasin , ATASOY Abdussamed
Published: April 2022

İsmail Semʻî Efendi (1857-1935), son dönem Osmanlı hukukçuları arasında hem medrese tahsili görmesi hem de Mekteb-i Hukuk’tan mezun olması itibarıyla dikkate değer bir isimdir. Mekteb-i Hukuk’tan mezun olmasından hemen birkaç sene sonra iki risale yayımlamıştır. Müellifin bu risalelerden başka bir yayını bulunmamaktadır. Hayatını farklı mahkemelerde hakimlik yaparak sürdürmüştür. Semʻî Efendi’nin, İslam yargılama hukukunun tarihine dair yazdığı “Usûl-i Muhakemenin Tarihçesi” başlıklı risalesi elli iki sayfadan oluşmakta ve burada Hz Peygamber (sav) döneminden başlayarak metnin kaleme alındığı yıla kadar yargılama alanında geçirilen süreç özetlenmektedir. Risalede Osmanlı yargılama hukukunun tarihi padişahlara göre dönemlendirilerek ele alınmıştır. Yıldırım Beyazıt, Fatih Sultan Mehmed, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman, I. Mustafa, IV. Mehmed, Sultan İbrahim, II. Ahmed, IV. Murat, I. Mahmud, II. Mahmud, Abdülmecid, Abdülaziz ve II. Abdülhamid dönemleri hakkında yargılama faaliyetlerine ilişkin bilgiler verilmiştir. Özellikle İsmail Semʻî Efendi’nin eseri kaleme aldığı dönem Osmanlı padişahı olan II. Abdülhamid zamanında bu alanda atılan adımlar sıralanmıştır. Özellikle Tanzimat dönemindeki hukukta batılılaşma çabaları dahilinde değerlendirilen 1879 tarihli hukuk ve ceza muhakemeleri kanunu risalede zikredilmektedir. Kısa bir özet olmasına rağmen yargılama tarihine bütüncül bir bakış sağlaması açısından faydalı bir çalışma sayılabilir. Bu çalışmanın birinci hedefi literatürde pek bilinmeyen İsmail Semʻî Efendi’nin hayat hikayesine ilişkin elde ettiğimiz bilgileri takdim etmektir. İkinci hedef ise “Usûl-i Muhakemenin Tarihçesi” başlıklı risale metninin çeviriyazısını ve değerlendirmesini yapmaktır.
YENİ NESİL SAVAŞ VE SİBER İSTİHBARAT
Authors: KARASOY Hasan Alpay
Published: April 2022

Toplumun yapısını ve işleyişini değiştiren makine çağı, insan çatışmasının doğasını da değiştirmiştir. Bu değişim, akademisyenler tarafından farklı incelemelere konu olmuş ve savaşın doğasındaki değişim “yeni savaş” veya “Dördüncü Nesil Savaş” şeklinde isimlendirilmiştir. Farklı isimlerle anılmakla birlikte, savaşın bu yeni şeklini açıklamada kullanılan kavramların ortak noktası, savaşın taraflarının, savaşta kullanılan silahların ve savaşın gerçekleştiği alanın artık eskisinden farklı olduğudur. Savaşın doğasındaki bu değişim, devletin ve askeri gücün merkezde yer aldığı geleneksel güvenlik anlayışını da değiştirmiş ve güvenlik, kamu hizmetlerinin sunumu noktasında kritik hale gelen bütün altyapıları kapsar hale gelmiştir. Öte yandan savaş ve güvenlik denilince akla gelen bir üçüncü kavram da istihbarat olmaktadır. Çünkü savaşta rakibe üstünlük sağlamanın, barış zamanlarında ise ulusal güvenliği temin etmenin en önemli yolu istihbarat faaliyetleri ile gerçekleşmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmanın konusunu savaş, güvenlik ve istihbarat oluşturmaktadır. Savaşın ve istihbaratın dönüşümünü, günümüz çatışma ortamının özelliklerini, bu çatışma ortamında siber güvenliğin yerini ve siber güvenliğin sağlanmasına yönelik bir faaliyet olarak siber istihbaratın önemini incelemek ise çalışmanın amacıdır. Betimleyici analiz yöntemine dayanan çalışma sonucunda ulaşılan bulgular; günümüzde güvenliğin, dolayısıyla da istihbaratın kapsamının genişlediğini, siber istihbarat faaliyetlerinin bankacılık ve kamu hizmetlerinin sunumu noktasında yoğunlaştığını, dolayısıyla da bu alanlarda siber tehdit istihbaratı faaliyetlerine ağırlık verilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.
SUÇA SÜRÜKLENEN ÇOCUKLAR VE ÇOCUK SUÇLARININ KRİMİNAL AÇIDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ALTINSOY Ercan , KARA Ali
Published: April 2022

Çocuk ve suç kavramı 20.yy. başlarından itibaren çokça anılmaya başlanmıştır. Çocuk haklarının korunmasına yönelik bazı düzenlemelerin uluslararası camiada yapılması ihtiyacıyla birlikte çocukların suçtan korunması gerektiği anlayışı da ortaya çıkmıştır. Dünya da hiçbir çalışma suçun kaynağını açıklayan, oluşumuna neden olan temel bir neden ortaya koyamamıştır. Artık günümüzde bir gerçek var ki oda suçun oluşumuna etki eden birçok faktörün olduğudur. Ve suçun tamamen önlenmesi mümkün değildir. Ancak suç minimize edilerek asgari seviyeye indirilebilir. İnsanlar üzerindeki suç korkusu azaltılarak daha mutlu daha özgür, suç korkusunun olmadığı ya da çok az olduğu bir toplum meydana getirilebilir. İşte burada suçun oluşumunun temel nedenlerinden birisi olan çocuk suçluluğunun engellenmesi veya olabildiğince minimize edilmesi hayati önem kazanmaktadır. Çünkü küçük yaşta suça sürüklenen çocukların büyük bölümü ileriki yaşlarda suç kariyerlerini artırdıkları bilinen bir gerçektir. Bu makalede Türkiye’nin çocuk suçluluğu haritası çıkartılarak, çocukların suça sürüklenmesine neden olan faktörlerin kriminal açıdan incelemesi yapılmıştır.
The value of mineral fertilizers and products based on humic acids in the yield increasing of forage crops on the soils of the arid Volga region (analytical review)
Authors: Korsakov Konstantin  Vyacheslavovich , Semin Dmitry Sergeevich , Astashov Alexander Nikolaevich , Pronko Viktor Vasilievich
Published: April 2022

There were considered the results of experiments with fertilizers, which were carried out with scientific fertilizers on the chernozem chestnut soils of the arid Volga region. The objects of research were grain fodder crops (spring barley, oats, grain sorghum, grain corn), as well as those used for green fodder (sugar sorghum, corn). It has been established that among mineral fertilizers, the leading role in yield increasing of forage crops belongs to nitrogen fertilizers but not phosphorus ones (as previously believed). The use of fertilizers based on humic acids had a positive effect on the growth, development and yield increase of forage crops. The maximum productivity in the experiments was achieved with the combined use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers and humic based products. The effect of all studied types of fertilizers depended on the weather conditions of the growing season.
Formation of the composition of the microflora of the rhizoplane and the rhizosphere of cucumber in the coconut substrate
Authors: Smolin Nikolai Vasilyevich , Lapina Valentina Vasilievna , Dudnikova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Potapova Natalya Vasilievna , Potapov Ilya Vladimirovich
Published: April 2022

The obtained results showed the formation of differences in the complexes of microscopic fungi of rhizoplana and rhyosphere in the summer-autumn crop turnover of cucumber with the secondary use of coconut mats. The results determined and showed the role of microorganisms that are part of the components of biological products, accounting for the number of which is important and necessary to ensure the existence of a controlled biocenosis of coconut substrate. In the process of microbiological studies, it has been proved that when using biological products in the community of substrate microorganisms, there is a direct connection between an increase in the number of antagonists and a decrease in phytopathogenic species. When applying biological preparations, the greatest differences in the microflora of the substrate were noted. This made it possible to more clearly identify changes in the structure of the microflora of the rhizosphere and rhizoplana of cucumber and stimulated the development of fungi such as Trichoderma spp., as well as bacteria of the genus Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in the community. However, the revealed dynamics does not have a global scale, since the composition and structure of the dominant and frequently occurring other types of microbial communities of the control group largely coincided with the experimental one.
Improving the efficiency of vehicles in the agro-industrial complex by improving control and management methods
Authors: Belova Tatiana Ivanovna , Shkrabak Roman Vladimirovich , Shkrabak Vladimir Stepanovich , Starchenko Elena Vasilievna
Published: April 2022

In the Russian Federation, 30 % of all road accidents (accidents) occur on non-paved roads, 90 % of which are intended for local use. In the Bryansk region, 35 % of accidents occur on non-paved roads, all of which are intended for local use, including on-farm highways (local highways located within the boundaries of a rural settlement, intended for transport services of facilities for the production, processing and marketing of agricultural and other products). The analysis of the above factors for improving the safety of drivers of agricultural vehicles (SATS) makes it possible to model various scenarios for the development of traumatic situations in conditions of agricultural production. To ensure the safety of SAT drivers, systems and means of passive, active and preventive protection are used. Passive systems and means of protection of the driver depend on the design and operational properties of the car, aimed at reducing the severity of the accident. Active systems and means of protection of the driver depend on the design and operational properties of the car, aimed at preventing and reducing the likelihood of a dangerous situation. Preventive systems and means of protection of the driver are designed to avoid a collision of cars, and if it occurred - to reduce the severity of the accident. The main ones include systems and devices based on ultrasonic radiation, designed to reduce the risk of injury to drivers by more accurately determining the length of the braking distance and preventing collisions of motor vehicles. The existing methods and devices for determining the braking distance and preventing collisions of SATS do not allow visual monitoring of signals in front (behind or next to) walking cars and an appropriate response to them in case of poor visibility or when driving a group of cars, generating control signals and issuing several recommendations to the driver at the same time, require additional installation of satellite navigation systems and a variety of integrated modules of the device, timely activation of the braking system is excluded due to the absence of an actuating mechanism for automatic activation of the braking system and a sensor for the force of pressing the brake pedal, as well as the psychophysiological characteristics of the driver of the vehicle, which reduces the responsiveness in the event of an obstacle.
Influence of drying methods on the quality of grain fiber of alcohol production
Authors: Ledenev Vladimir Pavlovich , Turshatov Mikhail Vladimirovich , Soloviev Alexander Olegovich , Krivchenko Vera Alexandrovna , Nikitenko Viktoria Dmitrievna , Bessonov Vladimir Vladimirovich , Maslennikova Maria Sergeevna
Published: April 2022

The drying process in the production of grain fiber of alcohol production is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of the finished product. The paper considers the influence of drying methods and types of drying units on the quality characteristics of the products obtained. Experimental data were obtained on the change in the content of crude protein, Barnstein protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and vitamins in the process of drying grain fiber in devices of various types. The studies have shown that pneumatic vortex dryers of the spiral type meet the requirements of drying grain fiber with maximum preservation of its quality. The drop in protein content in this type of dryer is up to 3.5% on dry matter, dietary fiber up to 0.5% on dry matter, fats up to 4% on dry matter. With this method of drying, there is no carbon formation, which avoids the formation of melanoidins and preserves the marketable appearance and smell of the finished product.
Mathematical modeling of the location of the network of technical service centers for agricultural machinery
Authors: Medenko Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2022

The article presents a theoretical model for determining the rational number and location of additional service centers for an agricultural machinery dealer. It has been established that the determination of the required number of additional service centers must be carried out based on the basic dealer standard of the respective dealer. Thus, it is possible to determine the number of additional service centers in any area and for any dealer, taking into account his individual standards. To optimize the location of additional service centers, it is necessary to determine the effective time that will be spent on reaching all the equipment in the area from a particular district center. This time will be determined as the ratio of the doubled distance to the serviced equipment to the average speed of the vehicle. In addition, when determining the effective time, one should take into account the availability factor of the serviced equipment for a specific regional center in which it is planned to design an additional service center. The article presents the rationale for the criteria that determine the availability factor and the final expression, which allows calculating the effective time and predicting the location of additional service centers.
Characteristics of the stomal apparatus of rare species of the genus Citrus in the conditions of wet subtropics of Russia
Authors: Kulyan Raisa Vasilievna , Kuleshov Alexander Sergeevich , Konnov Nikolay Alekseevich
Published: April 2022

The article presents the characteristics of the stomatal apparatus in the leaves of 13 forms of 10 species of the genus Citrus: C. aurantifolia ('Tahiti', 'Foro'), C. limon 'Del brasil', C. ? meyeri, C. ? limonelloides, C. ? bergamia, C. ? limetta 'Chontipico', C. ? aurantiummyrtifolia 'Cinotto', C. ? ichangensis, C. maxima 'Sambokan', C. medica (var.sarcodactylis, citrate). As a result of the analysis of the stomatal apparatus, differences in the size of the stomata and their density per 1 mm2 were revealed. The greatest number of stomata per 1 mm2 was observed in C. medica, C. medica var. sarcodactylis, C. ? meyeri, C. aurantifoliavaried within 710,0–882,5 pcs/mm2, the smallest amount was in C. ? aurantiummyrtifolia 'Cinotto', C. aurantifolia 'Tahiti', C. limon 'Del Brasil', C. ? bergamia within the range of 277,5–490,0 pcs/mm2.The studied forms were divided into two groups: forms with a small number of stomata, with a relatively large leaf area – C. limon 'Del Brasil', C. ? bergamia, C. ? ichangensis, C. maxima ’Sambokan'; forms with a high number of stomata with a relatively small leaf area – C. aurantifolia (sour, 'Tahiti', 'Foro'), C. ? meyeri, C. ? limonelloides, C. ? limetta 'Chontipico', C. ? aurantiummyrtifolia 'Cinotto', C. medica. The largest stomata sizes were observed for C. aurantifolia 'Tahiti', C. limon 'Del Brasi', C. x aurantiummyrtifolia 'Cinotto'; length varied 24.8–27.9 ?m, width – 21,3–23,3 ?m, the smallest stomata sizes in C. aurantifolia, C. ? bergamia and C. medica are 21.4–23.4 µm in length and18,2–19,3 µm in width. C. aurantifolia C. ? `meyeri` and C. medica var. sarcodactylis which have a high density and small stomata.
The use of a probiotic complex in feeding dairy cows
Authors: Ruin Vadim Alexandrovich , Kistina Anna Aleksandrovna , Prytkov Yuriy Nikolaevich
Published: April 2022

In this publication, we present the results of studies on the use of a probiotic complex in the diets of cows - first-calf heifers in order to increase milk productivity. It has been established that the introduction of a feed additive into the diet of cows at a dosage of 75 mg/kg of feed, there is an increase in milk by 13.8%.
Classification and zoning of total evaporation flows for vegetation for the territory of the Marksovsky district of the Saratov region obtained according to the product MOD 16 ET in 2003-2017
Authors: Ermolaeva Olga Sergeevna , Zeyliger Anatoly Mikhailovich
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the results of the classification and zoning of the evapotranspiration fluxes for the growing season ETaw in the Marksovsky district of the Saratov region for the growing seasons of 2003-2017. The calculations for these types of spatial analysis were carried out in the ArcGIS Pro 2.8 software environment using the previously obtained two spatial arrays ETaw. To classify ETaw flows by land use types, we used raster datasets obtained at IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) for the territory of Russia as a result of processing and analyzing space monitoring data. Analysis of the classification results for the study area revealed a significant difference in ETaw flows in areas occupied by different types of land use. For zoning ETaw flows by distance from the left bank of the Volga River, the boundaries of seven zones were built at distances from its edge: 0-5 km; 5-10 km; 10-20 km; 20-30 km; 30-40 km; 40-50 km; 50-60 km. For the territories located within the indicated zones, the filtration of two ETaw flows was carried out, which revealed a decrease in their values as they moved away from the left bank of the Volga River
Improving the efficiency of the Volga-SM multitower sprinkling machine with a polyethylene pipe-line
Authors: Ryzhko Nikolay Fedorovich , Ryzhko Sergey Nikolaevich , Smirnov Evgeny Stanislavovich , Khorin Sergey Aleksandrovich , Botov Sergey Vasilievich
Published: April 2022

The research results of the multi-support sprinkler of cable-stayed construction «Volga-SM» with a polyethylene pipeline are presented. The parameters of a steel pipeline of small diameter 102-114 mm and a polyethylene pipeline with a diameter of 63-160 mm are substantiated, depending on the length of the machine and water consumption. A scheme for feeding fertilizer solutions only through a polyethylene pipeline and near-surface sprinkling devices is proposed in order to reduce corrosion of the pipeline and structural elements of the machine and increase the reliability and service life. The main advantages of the modernized machines of the cable-stayed design are presented.
Экология
Authors:   Российский университет кооперации, Валова В.Д. , Зверев О.М. ,   Московский городской педагогический университет
Published: April 2022

Учебник состоит из четырех разделов. В первом разделе рассматриваются живые системы на всех уровнях их организации. Основное внимание уделяется надорганизменным уровням организации живых систем во всем единстве и неразрывности многочисленных связей, закономерностям их проявления (общая экология). Второй раздел посвящен экологии биосферы (глобальная экология), третий — экологии человека. В четвертом разделе анализируются экологические проблемы современности, причины возникновения и способы снижения их воздействия на природную среду и предотвращения экологического кризиса (прикладная экология). Для студентов бакалавриата гуманитарных, технологических и экономических направлений подготовки.
Бизнес-разведка. Практикум
Authors:   Финансовый   университет   при   Правительстве Российской Федерации, Бондарчук Н.В. , Курашова А.А. ,   МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет
Published: April 2022

В учебном пособии представлено введение в теорию разведывательной информации на базе известных литературных источников и исторических событий. Приведены основные элементы системы экономической разведки и контрразведки предприятия. Подробно рассмотрены законные методы конкурентной разведки с использованием доступных интернет-ресурсов, сведений, полученных из средств массовой информации, а также за счет поиска в базах данных и файлах. Выделены отличия промышленного шпионажа и легальных способов получения информации, обозначена ответственность за незаконное получение и разглашение сведений в соответствии со ст. 183 УК РФ. Для студентов специальности 38.05.01 «Экономическая безопасность».
“Single Threads Woven Together in a Tapestry”
Authors: Branch-Mueller Jennifer , Rodger Joanne
Published: April 2022

This generic qualitative research study examined if and how the dispositions of six exemplary teacher-librarians evolve after a move into a formal leadership role. All of the participants were classroom teachers and teacher-librarians prior to moving into leadership roles in their schools/university or districts. Findings from this study are organized and presented based on the leadership dispositions identified by Kimmel, Dickinson and Doll (2012) in their Dispositional Continua and include descriptors used by teacher-librarian leaders that help clarify each disposition. Further research is needed to create a valid and reliable disposition assessment tool for pre-service and in-service teacher librarians and TL leaders.
Covid-19 Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) Classification Algorithm
Authors: Melly Damara Chaniago  , Amellia Amanullah Sugiharto  , Qhistina Dyah Khatulistiwa  , Zamah Sari  , Agus Eko
Published: April 2022

Corona Virus or also known as COVID-19 is one of the new viruses in 2019. Viruses caused by animal or human disease are called coronaviruses. Coronavirus will direct respiration in humans. Humans who are exposed to the corona virus will experience a respiratory infection. The research that will be made is useful for classifying X-rays of the lungs of patients affected by the coronavirus. In this study, the classification of coronaviruses focuses on three classes, namely Covid, Normal, and Viral Pneumonia. This study uses a lung X-ray image dataset. In this study there are 4 folders in it, namely Scenario 1, Scenario 2, Scenario 3, and Scenario 4. This study will use the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method by using an architectural model including Convolutional 2D, activation layers, max pooling layer, dropout layer , flatten, and finally dense layer. After building the model, in each scenario, the results of accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score will be obtained. The result of accuracy of Scenario 1 is 97.87%, in Scenario 2 the accuracy is 94.84%, in Scenario 3 is 91.66%, and Scenario 4 is 91.41%.
Analisis GAP Kualitas Pelayanan Rawat Jalan RSUD Takalar dengan Metode Servqual dan Importance Performance Analysis
Authors: Pratiwi Reski Dewi , Putra Ryryn Suryaman Prana
Published: April 2022

Jumlah kunjungan pasien rawat jalan di RSUD H. Padjonga Daeng Ngalle Kabupaten Takalar mengalami penurunan secara signifikan dalam tiga tahun terakhir, pada tahun 2017 sebesar 83.343 pasien berkurang menjadi 80.084 di tahun 2018, pada tahun 2019 kembali menurun menjadi 77.032 pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Gap harapan dan kenyataan pasien JKN terhadap kualitas pelayanan rawat jalan dengan Metode Servqual dan Metode Importance Performance Analysis di RSUD H. Padjonga Daeng Ngalle Kabupaten Takalar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study dengan menggunakan metode Servqual. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di ruang rawat jalan di RSUD H. Padjonga Daeng Ngalle Kabupaten Takalar dengan populasi sebanyak 77.032 pasien rawat jalan serta diperoleh sampel sebanyak 398 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner yang telah lulus uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis Gap dengan metode Servqual dan Importance Performance Analysis dengan bantuan aplikasi Microsoft Excell dan SPSS. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa Tangible memiliki nilai Gap sebesar -1,3 (persentase kesesuaian 72,9%), Assurance memiliki nilai Gap sebesar -1,6 (67,1%), Reliability memiliki nilai Gap sebesar -1,5 (67,9%), Responsiveness memiliki nilai Gap sebesar -1,6 (66,3%), Empathy memiliki nilai Gap sebesar -1,5 (68,3%), Kenyamanan memiliki nilai Gap sebesar -1,5 (68,1%), Ketepatan Waktu memiliki nilai Gap sebesar -1,8 (60,4%), Efisiensi Layanan Kesehatan memiliki nilai Gap sebesar -1,6 (66,3%), Kesinambungan Layanan Kesehatan memiliki nilai Gap sebesar -1,5 (69,6%), serta Efektivitas Layanan Kesehatan memiliki nilai Gap sebesar -1,3 (72,5%).
Analisis Prediksi Kunjungan Pasien Dengan Metode Autoregresiive Integrated Moving Average di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Putri Surabaya
Authors: Rustam Muh Zul Azhri , Amalia Nuke , Riestiyowati Maya Ayu
Published: April 2022

Rumah sakit sebagai fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan keberadaannya sangat dibutuhkan tidak hanya pada bidang pelayanan tetapi perlu pencatatan dan pendokumentasian hasil pemeriksaan, pengobatan, tindakan dan pelayanan lain yang telah diberikan kepada pasien yang dicatat pada dokumen rekam medis. Setiap pasien yang mendapatkan pelayanan medis dirumah sakit akan mendapatkan dokumen rekam medis untuk mendokumentasikan riwayat kesehatannya. peningkatan kunjungan pasien kadang tidak sejalan dengan kesiapan pihak rumah sakit dalam pemenuhan fasilitas dan alat penunjang pelayanan. Tujuan penelitian untuk memprediksi jumlah kunjungan pasien. jenis penelitian yang digunakan penelitian kuantitatif dan teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah total sampling dengan melihat data rekapan kunjungan lima tahun terakhir di unit rekam medis dan analisis yang digunakan adalah metode ARIMA dalam memprediksi data kunjungan. Hasil prediksi dari kunjungan pasien untuk dua tahun kedepan cenderung naik cukup fluktuatif dengan total sebesar 5163 kunjungan pasien pada pasien rawat jalan, dengan nilai Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) sebesar 19% dengan model ARIMA (2,1,2) yang artinya prediksi kunjungan pasien dapat cukup akurat dan dapat dipercaya. Sehingga kedepannya rumah sakit harus mampu meningkatkan fasilitas dan kualitas dalam pelayanannya. Agar proses pelayanan pasien yang berkunjung dapat terlayanni dengan efektif dan efisien.