bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal Dynamics of Social Anxiety and Depression: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Zabag Reut , Mouadeb Daniella , Haim-Nachum Shilat , Levy-Gigi Einat , Gilboa-Schechtman Eva
Published: April 2024

Social anxiety (SA) and depressive symptoms are frequently comorbid, with the onset of SA typically preceding the onset of depression. Individuals experiencing SA-depression comorbidity exhibit increased clinical and functional impairments as compared to individuals without this comorbidity. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie this comorbidity can deepen our theoretical understanding regarding the co-occurrence of these conditions and contribute to depression prevention efforts. Recent theories suggest that low cognitive flexibility (CF) contributes to the development of depression and may play a role in the relationship between the disorders. However, empirical prospective findings are sparse. We examined whether CF moderates the link between SA and depressive symptoms in two independent pre-registered studies: cross-sectional (n=379) and longitudinal (n=108, two-year). Higher CF was linked to a weaker relationship between SA and depression. Across time, among individuals with low CF at baseline, there was a positive association between SA at baseline and depression two years later. No such association was found among individuals with high CF. These findings highlight the role of CF in the development of comorbid depression among high SA individuals. It may contribute to the clinical prevention of depression through specific psychotherapeutic techniques targeted to enhance CF among SA patients.
Friction Against Fiction: Adding 'Grit' to Boost Psychological Inoculation Against Misinformation
Authors: Fendt Marvin , Holford Dawn Liu , Lewandowsky Stephan
Published: April 2024

Misinformation continues to spread rapidly and can have adverse effects on society. Inoculation, which involves warning people and explaining how they might be misled, is one promising psychological intervention against misinformation. Another intervention consists of friction, which is a technological measure to make sharing and finding of low-quality content slightly harder. Although friction is not uncommon, the effects on people's information consumption are largely unknown. It is also unknown how those two interventions interact. We used video-based inoculation against emotionally manipulative language in a preregistered randomized controlled study (n = 637) that examined two types of friction in a simulated video platform. One type of friction was targeted (only on the inoculation video) and another type was broad-spectrum (i.e., it affected the whole viewing session). We found that the inoculation video is effective in increasing discernment of technique recognition as well as confidence and can be boosted further by targeted friction, whereas broad-spectrum friction can have adverse effects, especially on remembering and enjoying the content. We show that introducing targeted friction in the form of single unskippable videos on online platforms can enhance the effects of inoculation at scale.
Default mode network anti-correlation as a transdiagnostic biomarker of cognitive function
Authors: Tripathi Vaibhav , Batta Ishaan , Zamani Andre , Atad Daniel Andrew , Sheth Sneha , Zhang Jiahe , Wager Tor , Whitfield-Gabrieli Susan , Uddin Lucina Q. , Prakash Ruchika , Bauer Clemens C.C.
Published: April 2024

The default mode network (DMN) is intricately linked with processes such as self-referential thinking, episodic memory recall, self-projection, and understanding the mindset of others. Over recent years, there has been a surge in examining its functional connectivity, particularly its antagonistic relationship with frontoparietal networks (FPN) involved in top-down attention, executive function, and cognitive control. Notably, the DMN demonstrates an anti-correlated connection with FPN and Dorsal Attention Network (DAN), leading to its deactivation when one's attention is turned towards the external environment. The fluidity in switching between these internal and external modes of processing—highlighted by this anti-correlated functional connectivity—has been proposed as an indicator of cognitive health and mediated by salience networks (SAL). Due to the ease of the estimation of functional connectivity-based measures through resting state fMRI paradigms, there is now a wealth of large-scale datasets, paving the way for standardized connectivity benchmarks. This review delves into the promising role of DMN connectivity metrics as potential biomarkers of cognitive state across attention, mind wandering and meditation states, and investigating deviations in clinical conditions such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, PTSD and others. Additionally, we tackle the issue of reliability of network estimation and functional connectivity and share recommendations for using connectivity measures as a biomarker of cognitive health.
An EEG-study on the extent to which partisanship conditions the processing of politicians’ faces
Authors: Jesus Gustavo , Homan Maaike , Petalas Diamantis Petropoulos , Bakker Bert N. , Bathelt Joe , Schumacher Gijs
Published: April 2024

Partisanship has been associated with various cognitive biases. These findings are primarily based on self-reports and task performance and less on measures of neural activity. We build on the related literature on in-group/out-group dynamics that employs a face-viewing paradigm and electroencephalography methods to analyze biases. Reviewing this literature, we developed and preregistered several hypotheses about the extent to which partisanship is associated with neural processing of political faces. Our lab experiment was conducted in the Netherlands (N=51) and sufficiently-powered to pick up modest effect sizes for in-party/out-party comparisons. As preregistered, we find that faces of political leaders elicit a stronger N170 ERP response than faces of strangers, but we did not find the same pattern for the N250 component. Also contrary to our preregistered hypotheses, we find no statistically significant differences in the P200 and N200 components between in-party and out-party leader faces. The strength of partisanship also did not correlate with P200 or N200. We discuss whether different interpretations of these signals (e.g. familiarity or affective processing) guide our theories about how partisan bias emerges and operates.
ENHANCEMENT OF LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL OF MULTI AREA TIE LINE INTERCONNECTED POWER SYSTEM BASED ON INTEGRAL CONTROLLER TECHNIQUE AND POLE PLACEMENT DESIGNE BASED ON STATE SPACE MODELING
Authors:   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, Abdul Qader Hamid , Tawfeeq Al-Bahrani Layth ,   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: April 2024

Load Frequency Control (LFC) is an important essential aspect of power system operation that ensures the frequency constraints at normal condition. This article deals with the Load Frequency Control of multi region area for tie-line interconnected power system and present a control system to improve the frequency deviation response for a specific changing in the load. The control system that using in this article are the integral controller and the pole-placement design based on state space modeling to improve the performance of frequency response and get a robust stability.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HOT ASPHALT MIXTURES MODIFIED WITH RECYCLED POLYMERS
Authors: A. Tayh Sady , M. Mughaidir Ahmad , A. Yousif Rana , F. Jasim Abbas
Published: April 2024

Increased traffic, the harsh climate of Iraq, and the associated difficulties, most notably rutting, have led to a dramatic increase in the usage of polymeric materials for the enhancement of asphalt in road paving applications over the past decade. Pavements have been improved by using polymeric material gained from local sources or recycled additions from other sources to make them more sustainable. This study addresses the modification of a 40/50 penetration grade asphalt with two recycled polymeric components (Polystyrene (PS) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)). The polymer-modified asphalts (PMAs) were produced by mixing the control asphalt with the two recycled polymers at three polymer contents (2, 4, and 6%). The main goal of this study was to investigate the mechanical attributes of hot mix asphalt mixes that were modified by recycled PS and PVC. This purpose was achieved by testing HMA samples using the Marshall test approach to determine (Marshall stability and flow, and void properties), as well as measuring the retained Marshall stability as an indicator for the resistance to moisture damage. Sample testing showed that when recycled polymers were used as modifiers for asphalt mixes, the mixture became more stable, had a higher bulk specific gravity, and had less flow value and air voids. This infers that the utilization of recycled waste polymers can enhance the rutting resistance of bituminous mix. The optimum additive content was recorded as 4%, regardless of the waste material type.
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF ATTENTIONAL PRIVACY
Authors: Milczarek Ewa
Published: April 2024

In the twenty-first century, human attention has become the object of interest of entrepreneurs, making it an object of supply. The development of technology related to attracting the attention of recipients is becoming more and more aggravating and increasingly important in the implementation of decision-making processes. Attention, which has so far been of interest to the economy of attention, becomes the subject of a legal analysis of the protection of an individual against unauthorized interference. The subject of the article is to define what the privacy of attention is and why its conceptualization is necessary for the proper protection of individual rights.
MARRIED COUPLES’ SAME SURNAME ISSUE IN JAPANESE FAMILY LAW
Authors: Piegzik Michał A.
Published: April 2024

Despite the traditional postulates of jurisprudence regarding the necessity to introduce flawless bills, each legal system struggles with issues which arouse controversy and become the subject of a lively political and legal debate. Even if the controversy affects millions of people and their private lives, the decision to solve it is limited by government policy. For example, this pattern is reflected in the married couples’ same surname issue in Japanese Family Law. Japanese courts investigated it yet did not provide any binding solution. The media have also increasingly raised this problem as an example of a private law defect requiring a fundamental change in the near future. Still, public awareness of the legal controversy is insufficient to overcome it. Even though a large part of Japanese society supports the reform of the married couples’ same surname system, the government protects it as an embodiment of Japan’s legal tradition and a symbol of family unity. Undoubtedly, the dispute regarding the need to revise Family Law went beyond the legal debate and became a significant political and social issue in the last three decades. Unfortunately, Western legal scholarship is still unaware of this vivid example of the 21st-century rivalry between the liberal/individual and the conservative/collective views in one of the most distinguished private law systems.
THE RISKS OF CONTEXT-FREE EVALUATION OF LEGISLATIVE LANGUAGE SOLUTIONS (POLEMICAL ARTICLE)
Authors: Ryśkiewicz Mikołaj
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this paper is a creative polemic with the theses expressed by Katarzyna Sornat in her article concerning the analysis of selected Polish legislation from a normativist point of view. However, the Author adopts only the methodology of normative linguistics and ignores the achievements of legal theory, which leads to omitting the whole contextual layer of the examined texts, and thus impoverishes K. Sornat’s analysis. Critical comments to her conclusions serve to observe how sensitive the social space is to the introduction of technical changes to the law and why the analysis of the state law must also take into account the directives of its interpretation.
THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND THE OPERATION OF ALGORITHMS VERIFYING ELECTORAL PREFERENCES FROM THE FACE
Authors: Stępień-Załucka Beata
Published: April 2024

New technologies bring not only many opportunities but also many risks. Some of them we have already got used to, while others still pose a challenge. The latter undoubtedly includes constantly evolving algorithms. Every day we learn about new possibilities for their application. Unfortunately, these possibilities or applications do not always go hand in hand with the existing rights and freedoms and increasingly pose a threat of their infringement. Recently, research results have been published on the recognition of individuals’ voting preferences from their faces by an algorithm. Such a possibility in application carries the risk of violation of constitutional rights, including the right to privacy. In this paper, this problem will be developed. First, the essence of the right to privacy will be examined and then, based on the research on facial recognition biometrics, I will present the scope and consequences of its violation.
WILL THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACT ON THE PROTECTION OF PERSONS WHO REPORT BREACHES OF LAW FOSTER THE DEVELOPMENT OF WHISTLEBLOWING IN POLAND?
Authors: Trzaskowska-Machalska Paulina
Published: April 2024

In my article, I have described the scope of whistleblower protection under the bill aimed at implementing Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of EU law. I have described issues such as the scope of whistleblower protection – which entities are protected, the whistleblower’s good faith as a condition for obtaining the whistleblower status, the scope of applications – the scope of matters that can be reported by the whistleblower, establishing safe channels for reporting and confidentiality – ensuring whistleblower’s anonymity. Implementation of the PPWRBL Act is not sufficient to increase the popularity of whistleblowing in Poland. I tried to prove that the problem with the perception of whistleblowers in Poland is rooted in our historical experience and a lack of trust in society and it is necessary not only to implement the EU Directive but also to organize a social campaign in order to build a culture of acceptance for whistleblowers.
ISLAM AND INTERESTS. REMARKS ON TURKISH CIVIL LAW AND RECENT TURKISH MONETARY POLICY
Authors: Tutaj Michał
Published: April 2024

This article is intended to depict the historical approach to interests in Turkey and in the Ottoman Empire as well as to describe the current the Turkish interest-related legal framework and its historical changes. This is to verify whether the recent governmental rhetoric and turn to Islam anyhow affect the shape of the Turkish civil law. To do so, the article refers to the Swiss private law (as a “donor” legal system for Turkey) and the Ottoman laws and customs related to charging interests. The reason for such examination is due to Turkey’s latest non-conventional monetary policy. Namely, despite high inflation, the central bank does not increase interest rates. At the same time, the Turkish President makes statements that any interests are not compliant with Islam and the holy texts ban making interest-bearing transactions. This context makes checking the shape of the Turkish private law particularly interesting for comparative private law researchers.
STATUS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE OFFICE OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS AS A MEDIATOR IN THE FIELD OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES
Authors: Wolska Hanna
Published: April 2024

The subject of this paper is an analysis of the status of the role of the President of the Office of Electronic Communications in the area of mediation concerning telecommunications services. The paper includes a legal analysis relating to the subject and object aspect of mediation in the area of telecommunications services. It also presents the procedure and the type of actions undertaken by the President of the Office of Electronic Communications in terms of disputes covered by its jurisdiction as a mediator. The article also answers the question whether the juxtaposition of the role of a regulator and a mediator in one body can lead to an abuse of one of these positions.
THE ESSENCE AND STRUCTURE OF SOFT SKILLS OF THE FUTURE OFFICER OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Havryshchuk Mykhailo
Published: April 2024

У статті за результатами проведеного дослідження визначено сутність та структуру soft skills майбутнього офіцера Національної гвардії України. Під soft skills майбутнього офіцера Національної гвардії України запропоновано розуміти його здатність бути лідером, який організовує досягнення результатів професійної діяльності, ефективно спілкуючись, продуктивно працюючи в команді, ідентифікує проблеми, визначає можливі шляхи вирішення та приймає раціональні рішення щодо вирішення проблем, застосовуючи систему поглядів, норм, цінностей, отримані теоретичні знання та практичний досвід. Згруповано soft skills, необхідні для формування в майбутнього офіцера Національної гвардії України (комунікаційні навички, навички критичного мислення та вирішення проблем, командна робота, навчання протягом усього життя та навички аналізу інформації, етичність, моральність і професіоналізм, лідерські здібності), та надано їх визначення. Ключові слова: soft skills; майбутній офіцер; курсанти; Національна гвардія України; вищий військовий навчальний заклад.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A RESOURCE FOR THE QUALITY EDUCATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN THE TEACHING OF MUSIC
Authors:   Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Pishchun Serhii
Published: April 2024

У статті досліджено роль і вплив цифрових технологій на процес навчання молодших школярів на уроках музичного мистецтва. У контексті швидкого розвитку інформаційних та комунікаційних технологій у сучасному суспільстві використання цифрових інструментів в освіті набуває дедалі більшого значення. Розглянуто різні аспекти застосування цифрового інструментарію в музично-мистецькому навчанні, можливості цих технологій у збагаченні освітнього процесу з метою його більшої цікавості та доступності для учнів, що зрештою сприятиме їхньому подальшому творчому розвитку. Зазначено, що актуальність застосування цифрового інструментарію на уроках музичного мистецтва в початковій школі полягає в тому, що сучасні технології перетворюють освітній процес та вимагають адаптації педагогічних методів до нових умов. Дослідження в цій царині виявляють переваги та виклики такого підходу, а також сприяють розробленню практичних рекомендацій для вчителів з метою оптимального використання цифрових технологій у навчанні молодших школярів музичного мистецтва. Ключові слова: музичне мистецтво, урок, учитель музики, цифрові технології.
TRAINING FUTURE TEACHERS TO IMPLEMENT A COMPETENCY-BASED APPROACH IN PRIMARY LANGUAGE EDUCATION
Authors:   Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Sobko Valentyna
Published: April 2024

У статті розкрито завдання, зміст, особливості підготовки майбутніх учителів до реалізації компетентнісного підходу в початковій мовній освіті; подано рекомендації щодо забезпечення належного рівня практично-методичних умінь студентів, необхідних для організації успішної діяльності учнів, спрямованої на формування предметних і ключових компетентностей у процесі навчання української мови. Обґрунтовано можливості формування в здобувачів вищої освіти вмінь співвідносити теоретичні лінгводидактичні знання з практикою навчання української мови в початковій школі на засадах компетентнісного підходу. Представлено завдання, зорієнтовані на моделювання уроків, використання типології вправ на різних етапах навчання, організацію дослідницької діяльності молодших школярів, роботи в команді. Приділено увагу підготовці студентів до формування в учнів предметних (мовної і мовленнєвої) та ключових (навчання впродовж життя, громадянських і соціальних) компетентностей.Запропоновано вправи і завдання, метою яких є підготовка майбутніх учителів до застосування традиційних та інноваційних методів і прийомів навчання української мови, розвитку особистості дитини засобами різних видів мовленнєвої діяльності, формування в молодших школярів умінь послуговуватися українською мовою в навчальних і життєвих ситуаціях. Ключові слова: українська мова, початкова мовна освіта, методика української мови, лінгводидактична підготовка, практично-методичні вміння, майбутні вчителі, початкова школа, компетентнісний підхід, ключові компетентності, предметні компетентності, мовно-мовленнєві вправи і завдання.
ІСТОРИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ ДЕКОРАТИВНО-УЖИТКОВОГО МИСТЕЦТВА В НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ УКРАЇНИ
Authors:   Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University, Maistruk Nazar , Kravchenko Liubov ,   Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University
Published: April 2024

The paper examines the historical aspects of the development specialists in decorative and applied arts training in Ukraine on the example of porcelain production (late 18th century – today) and its current state abroad. In line with the issue of introduction of this direction of decorative and applied art in our country, examples of its flourishing in the cities of Koret (production of baroque Meissen porcelain), Baranivka, Hrodnytsia, Dovbysh (Iliinskyi Manufactory, Markhlov Factory, Dovbysh Porcelain Factory, Polonsky Porcelain Factory); Poltava, Boryslav, Sumy, Ternopil (opening of porcelain factories in 1965) are characterized. It has been found that along with the foundation and development of porcelain industries there were professional schools focused on training skilled craftsmen to work in the factory, in particular schools in Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv; Myrhorod Art and Industrial School in Poltava region, etc.). The high-quality training of pottery and porcelain and faience specialists, teachers of graphic arts and drawing, masters of artistic decoration of products ready to perform significant amounts of physical work - making tiles, bulky dishes, decorating the facades of churches, houses, fireplaces, creating sculptures, interior and exterior decorations - was facilitated by the activities of famous artists and teachers S. Maslenikov, O. Slastion, and V. Krychevskyi, who also supervised the production of outstanding works and participation in industrial exhibitions. Key words: decorative and applied arts, ethnological training of specialists, porcelain production, domestic and foreign experience, ethnography.
USE OF MODERN APPLIED COMPUTER PROGRAMS AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF QUALITY TRAINING OF AGRICULTURAL PROFESSIONALS
Authors:   Poltava State Agrarian University, Antonets Anatoliі , Оvsiienko Yuliia ,   Poltava State Agrarian University, Koshova Oksana ,   Poltava University of Economics and Trade
Published: April 2024

У статті розглянуто основні підходи до використання спеціалізованих комп’ютерних програм для забезпечення ефективного формування інформаційної компетентності майбутніх випускників інженерно-технічних та технологічних спеціальностей аграрних ЗВО. Наведено перелік умінь і навичок, що належать до складу інформаційної компетентності, окреслено основні рівні та критерії її сформованості, зазначені особливості використання інноваційних методів та технологій навчання. Окремо запропоновано один з можливих варіантів дидактичної системи формування інформаційної компетентності здобувачів інженерно-технічних спеціальностей з використанням програмних комп’ютерних пакетів спеціального призначення. Ключові слова: комп’ютерні програми, фахівці аграрного профілю, інформаційна компетентність.
The Role of Video-Based Shadowing Practices in L2 Oral Proficiency Development
Authors: Mıcık Sultan , Rızaoğlu Filiz
Published: April 2024

This quasi-experimental study investigated the effect of shadowing practices on oral proficiency and pronunciation, specifically in terms of comprehensibility, pronunciation, intonation, and speech rate in second language learners. To this end, intact freshmen classes in an English language teaching program were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group carried out 11 shadowing tasks bi-weekly in two academic terms and submitted their shadowing recordings to the learning management system to receive feedback from their instructor. After the intervention, oral rating forms, an activity evaluation survey, and a semi-structured interview were used to investigate the outcomes. The oral assessment forms including pre- and post-treatment oral recordings of the participants were rated online through a 7-point Likert scale by native speakers of English. The ratings of the experimental and control groups were compared through ANOVAs. The descriptive statistics revealed that the experimental group demonstrated a relatively higher but small increase in the oral rating components (comprehensibility, intonation, speech rate) except for the pronunciation of individual sounds. However, the pre- and post-test differences of both groups were not found to be statistically significant in the ANOVA analysis. The 5-point Likert scale activity evaluation questionnaire and the content analysis of the interviews showed that the experimental group participants thought shadowing improves pronunciation and overall, participants had positive attitudes towards the shadowing practice.
The Production of Jordanian Arabic Passive Structures by Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: AL-Junaid Najwa Ahmad , Thneibat Amal , Altakhaineh Abdel Rahman , Alhendi Hiba
Published: April 2024

Aims. This study explores the acquisition of passive structures in Jordanian Arabic by ten children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It aims to identify the preferred passive structure among these children and investigate the underlying reasons for their preference.

Methods. The research included a sample of 10 male children with ASD, with an average age of eleven, enrolled at the Tawasul Center for Autism in Amman, Jordan. The choice of Jordanian Arabic (JA) as the participants' native language facilitated effective communication, given that the researchers were also native speakers of JA. Participants were asked to narrate events depicted in five different pictures, and their responses, categorized into two passive structures (mafʕu:l and ʔnfaʕal), were recorded.

Results. Based on the results of the statistical analysis, it was revealed that mafu:l passive structures was used more often than ʔnfaʕal structures. We argue that mafʕu:l passive structure is used more frequently by children with ASD because acquiring nouns is easier than acquiring inflected words due to the noun bias principle and entity-oriented principle. Additional factors include structural simplicity, frequency of encounters, relevance across various settings, and the variances in cognitive and linguistic processing capacities.
CROP YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT GROWN IN THE ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEM IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF TYUMEN REGION
Authors:   Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University, Loginov Yuri Pavlovich
Published: April 2024

The study was conducted in the experimental field of Northern Trans-Ural Agricultural University in 2012–2022. The study focused on growing spring wheat in the organic farming system. The study found that over two rotations of a five-field crop system the average crop yield was 3.31 t/ha for the Ikar variety, 3.15 t/ha for the Novosibirsk 31variety. The system applied green manure and no mineral fertilisers and minimum chemical plant protection agents were used. In conditions of intensive farming, the crop yield for the studied varieties was 4.12 and 3.79 t/ha, respectively. Grain quality indices obtained in organic farming were at a fairly high level, though they were slightly lower than indices obtained in intensive farming. Grain quality met the requirements for food wheat. Profitability for the Ikar variety was 34.2 % in intensive farming and 23.9 % in organic farming; for the Novosibirsk 31 variety the values were 28.6 and 31.4 %, respectively
Educational Innovation of Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia and Malaysia in Facing the 21st Century Challenges
Authors: Asror Moh , Mahfudloh Ririn Inayatul , Kusaeri Kusaeri , Rusydiyah Evi Fatimatur
Published: April 2024

The problem of 21st Century education is in facing the challenges to produce generations with ability to think critically and skills in solving life problems. The challenges can be responded through educational innovation in Islamic boarding schools. The purpose of the research is to analyze the forms of educational innovation made by Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia and Malaysia in facing the 21st Century. This research uses systematic literature review (SLR) type of qualitative approach. The tools used to codify the literatures are Publish and Perish, ERIC, and Google Scholar. The codification result finds 64 articles on Islamic boarding schools innovation in Malaysia and 207 articles on it in Indonesia. The articles codified are limited from 2013 -2023. The result of the research shows that there are differences between educational innovations in Indonesia and Malaysia in the period of 2013 to 2023 in the aspects of the use of technology, community involvement, collaboration with other educational institutions, combination of religious and general education, and in the aspect of project-base education. The similarities between the two are in increasing the faith of Muslims through religious education and creating generations of noble character. To face the challenges of the 21st century requires the role of a transformational and distributive leader who can form unity, partnership, cooperation, democracy, tolerance, and involvement in leadership practices.
MUTED MEMORIES
Authors: Lindström Jan
Published: April 2024

In the late nineteenth century, tens of thousands of porters carried ivory every year from the African interior to Bagamoyo, a port town at the Indian Ocean. In the opposite direction, they carried millions of meters of cloth, manufactured in the USA, Europe, and India. This book examines the centrality of the caravan trade, both culturally and economically, to Bagamoyo’s development and cosmopolitan character, while also exploring how this history was silenced when Bagamoyo was instead branded as a slave route town in 2006 in an attempt to qualify it for the UNESCO World Heritage List.
MARKET FRICTIONS
Authors: Endres Kirsten W.
Published: April 2024

Based on ethnographic research conducted over several years, Market Frictions examines the tensions and frictions that emerge from the interaction of global market forces, urban planning policies, and small-scale trading activities in the Vietnamese border city of Lào Cai. Here, it is revealed how small-scale traders and market vendors experience the marketplace, reflect upon their trading activities, and negotiate current state policies and regulations. It shows how “traditional” Vietnamese marketplaces have continually been reshaped and adapted to meet the changing political-economic circumstances and civilizational ideals of the time.
IN PURSUIT OF BELONGING
Authors: Rottmann Susan Beth
Published: April 2024

Belonging is a not a state that we achieve, but a struggle that we wage. The struggle for belonging is more difficult if one is returning to a homeland after many years abroad. In Pursuit of Belonging is an ethnography of Turkish migrants’ struggle for understanding, intimacy and appreciation when they return from Germany to their Turkish homeland. Drawing on an established tradition of life story writing in anthropology, Rottmann conveys the struggle to forge an ethical life by relating the experiences of a second-generation German-Turkish woman named Leyla.
THE MUSEUM OF MANKIND
Authors: Burt Ben
Published: April 2024

The Museum of Mankind was an innovative and popular showcase for minority cultures from around the non-Western world from 1970 to 1997. This memoir is a critical appreciation of its achievements in the various roles of a national museum, of the personalities of its staff and of the issues raised in the representation of exotic cultures. Issues of changing museum theory and practice are raised in a detailed case-study that also focuses on the social life of the museum community. This is the first history of a remarkable museum and a memorable interlude in the long history of one of the world’s oldest and greatest museums. Although not presented as an academic study, it should be useful for museum and cultural studies as a well as a wider readership interested in the British Museum.
NEARLY THE NEW WORLD
Authors: Newman Joanna
Published: April 2024

In the years leading up to the Second World War, increasingly desperate European Jews looked to far-flung destinations such as Barbados, Trinidad, and Jamaica in search of refuge from the horrors of Hitler’s Europe. Nearly the New World tells the extraordinary story of Jewish refugees who overcame persecution and sought safety in the West Indies from the 1930s through the end of the war. At the same time, it gives an unsparing account of the xenophobia and bureaucratic infighting that nearly prevented their rescue—and that helped to seal the fate of countless other European Jews for whom escape was never an option.
WATER, LIFE, AND PROFIT
Authors: Keough Sara Beth , Youngstedt Scott M.
Published: April 2024

Water, Life, and Profit offers a holistic analysis of the people, economies, cultural symbolism, and material culture involved in the management, production, distribution, and consumption of drinking water in the urban context of Niamey, Niger. Paying particular attention to two key groups of people who provide water to most of Niamey’s residents - door-to-door water vendors, and those who sell water in one-half-liter plastic bags (sachets) on the street or in small shops – the authors offer new insights into how Niamey’s water economies affect gender, ethnicity, class, and spatial structure today.
New in the normative regulation of the training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel in graduate school
Authors: Макаров Денис Владимирович
Published: April 2024

Основная цель исследования — сопоставление основных критериев старых и новых нормативных документов, регулирующих подготовку научных и научно-педагогических кадров в аспирантуре. Актуальность работы определяется современной кризисной ситуацией троекратного понижения процента выпускников аспирантуры, выходящих на защиту кандидатской диссертации, произошедшее за последние десять лет. Из кузницы кандидатов наук аспирантура в последнее время превратилась в образовательную структуру и стала третьим уровнем высшего образования, а именно послевузовским профессиональным образованием. Очевидно, что основной проблемой, требующей разрешения, является разрыв между образованием и наукой, как между теорией и практикой. Следовательно, основной задачей реформы аспирантуры является её трансформация из образовательного института в научный. В качестве средств для решения проблемы в новых нормативных документах (в Федеральных государственных требованиях к аспирантуре и в Положении о подготовке научных и научно-педагогических кадров в аспирантуре), а также в новой редакции (от 30.12.2021) Федерального закона от 29.12.2012 №273-ФЗ «Об образовании в Российской Федерации») предложен ряд мер, которые рассматриваются в данной работе.

The main goal of the study is to compare the main criteria of old and new normative documents regulating the training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel in graduate school. The relevance of the work is determined by the current crisis situation of a threefold decrease in the percentage of postgraduate graduates entering the defense of a Ph. D. dissertation that has occurred over the past ten years. From the forge of candidates of sciences, postgraduate studies have turned into an educational structure and have become the third level of higher education, namely postgraduate professional education. Obviously, the main problem that needs to be resolved is the gap between education and science. Consequently, the main task of the reform of postgraduate studies is its transformation from an educational institution into a scientific one. As a means to solve the problem in new regulatory documents (in the Federal State Requirements for Postgraduate Studies and in the Regulations on the Training of Scientific and Scientific-Pedagogical Personnel in Postgraduate Studies), as well as in the new edition (of December 30, 2021) of the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 № 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation”) a number of measures are proposed, which are considered in this paper.
Canonical features of the Synodal and Soviet periods: the problems of episcopal powers
Authors: Самойленко Александр Юрьевич
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена проблематике церковно-государственных отношений, каноническая власть епархиальных архиереев была ограничена посредством вмешательства государственного аппарата в епархиальное управление. Особенность церковно-государственных правоотношений заключается в ограничительном характере государственно-правового и церковно­правового регулирования: с одной стороны, государство не может вмешиваться в каноническую, богослужебную, внутрицеркоииую жизнь, с другой стороны, церковь, не участвует в государственной политической деятельности. Исследование данной тематики представляет собой анализ деятельности государственных органов в сугубо церковных делах, в делах епархиального управления. В данные периоды Русская Православная Церковь фактически оказалась в полном подчинении у светской власти, а управление Церковью превратилось в часть государственного аппарата по церковным делам. В статье представлены ряд канонических прав епископа, которые были ограниченны государственным вмешательством.

The article is devoted to the problems of church-state relations; the canonical authority of the diocesan bishops was limited through the intervention of the state apparatus in the diocesan administration. The peculiarity of church-state legal relations lies in the restrictive nature of state-legal and church-legal regulation: on the one hand, the state cannot interfere in canonical, liturgical, internal church life, on the other hand, the church does not participate in state political activity. The study of this topic is an analysis of the activities of state bodies in purely ecclesiastical affairs, in the affairs of diocesan administration. During these periods, the Russian Orthodox Church actually found itself in complete subordination to the secular authorities, and the management of the Church turned into part of the state apparatus for church affairs. The article presents a number of canonical rights of the bishop, which were limited by state intervention.
Sources of clergy detention in Russia in X-XII centuries
Authors: Бочарников Дмитрий Егорович
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена исследованию источников содержания русского духовенства в 10–12 вв. На материалах княжеских грамот и церковных постановлений исследуется становление и развитие системы обеспечения духовенства в Древней Руси. Первоначально содержание клириков взяла на себя государственная власть в лице князей, устанавливавших специальными документами часть, которую получали храмы, монастыри и представители духовенства области. С течением времени появляются и другие источники в виде пошлинных взносов за судопроизводство или доброхотные пожертвования. Особое значение приобрело наделение храмов и обителей землёй. По Византийскому обычаю эта земля не облагалась налогом, что обеспечивало стабильный и значительный доход церковным учреждениям. В целом нужно признать, что начальный этап церковной истории ознаменовался становлением церковной иерархии на Руси, что в плане обеспечения духовенства выливалось в большую роль государства. Однако в течении столетия система начинает меняться, появляются новые источники дохода для клириков, и князья постепенно устраняются от содержания духовенства.

The article is devoted to the study of the sources of detention of the Russian clergy in the 10-12 centuries. The materials of princely letters and church decrees examine the formation and development of the system of providing clergy in Ancient Russia. Initially, the maintenance of clergy was assumed by the state power in the person of the princes, who established with special documents the part that the churches, monasteries and representatives of the clergy of the region received. Over time, other sources appear in the form of duty fees for legal proceedings or kind donations. Of particular importance was the endowment of temples and monasteries with land. According to Byzantine custom, this land was not taxed, which provided a stable and significant income to church institutions. In general, it must be admitted that the initial stage of church history was marked by the formation of the church hierarchy in Russia, which, in terms of providing the clergy, resulted in a large role for the state. However, over the course of a century, the system begins to change, new sources of income for clergy appear, and princes are gradually removed from the maintenance of clergy.
Development of methods and devices for air-coupled ultrasonic through transmission testing of large-sized objects made of polymer composite materials
Authors: Kachanov V. K , Sokolov I. V , Karavaev M. A , Minaev D. V
Published: April 2024

It is shown that in order to increase the sensitivity of air-coupled ultrasonic through transmission testing of products made of polymer composite materials, it is necessary to develop highly sensitive low-frequency wideband air-coupled piezoelectric transducers. The methods of providing both high sensitivity and a wideband of air-coupled ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer are considered. Air-coupled ultrasonic highly sensitive broadband piezoelectric transducer based on the use of mosaic contact piezoelectric transducer technology, the choice of optimal matching layers and the use of various options for excitation of piezoelectric transmitter have been proposed and developed. It is shown that by use of mosaic air-coupled low-frequency broadband piezoelectric transducers, it is possible to ensure high sensitivity of testing and ensure the accuracy of measurement of acoustic characteristics (ultrasound velocity, density, etc.) with air-coupled ultrasonic low-frequency through transmission testing of large-sized objects made of polymer composite materials.
On the acoustic method of control of spatial inhomogeneity of plastic deformation of weakly anisotropic orthotropic materials
Authors: Khlybov A. A , Uglov A. L
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the possibilities of using non-destructive acoustic control to determine the features of the spatial distribution of local plastic deformations during deformation of flat samples made of AMg61 alloy were investigated. The methodological features of using the acoustic anisotropy parameter to study the patterns of changes in spatial inhomogeneities of the field of local plastic deformations are analyzed. A computational and experimental method for determining the acoustic anisotropy parameter is proposed, which allows to correctly determine not only its magnitude, but also the directions of the local axes of acoustic anisotropy. The sources of errors of the proposed methodology, the limits of its applicability, as well as the requirements for hardware and software for its implementation are analyzed. The results of experimental studies carried out on samples of weakly anisotropic aluminum alloy AMg61 are compared with the representations of autowave mechanics of plasticity of metals. An engineering algorithm for determining the early localization of zones of loss of stability during plastic deformation of samples is proposed. The possibility of creating a methodology for assessing the plasticity resource of a material during its plastic shaping is shown.
Reconstructing reflector images at the boundary between base metal and deposited metal using Plane Wave Imaging technology
Authors: Bazulin E. G
Published: April 2024

The article suggests using Plane Wave Imaging (PWI) technology for ultrasonic inspection of welded joints with narrow cutting to detect cracks at the interface of the fusion of the base and deposited metal. In comparison with the digital image focusing (CFA) method, the proposed method allows you to restore images of reflectors with a higher signal-to-noise ratio, with greater speed, both recording echo signals and restoring the image of discontinuities according to different acoustic schemes, taking into account the transformation of the wave type when reflected from the edges of the object of control. Numerical and model experiments have confirmed the effectiveness of using PWI technology to increase the speed of zonal control. The application of the coherent factor increased the signal-to-noise ratio of the crack model images, both for the FMC mode and for the PWI mode.
To solve one problem of magnetostatics for a pipe with a defect on the inner surface
Authors: Dyakin V. V , Kudryashova O. V , Rayevskiy V. Ya
Published: April 2024

An algorithm has been developed and implemented for the numerical solution of a direct linear magnetostatics problem by calculating the resulting field of a pipe with a surface defect on its inner wall under the assumption that the perpendicular section of the pipe and the vector of the intensity of the external magnetizing field remain unchanged along the axis of the length of the pipe - this made it possible to take as a basis the two-dimensional integro-differential equation of magnetostatics. The algorithm is implemented in the FORTRAN programming language. The results are tested for reliability using precisely solved problems. Illustrative curves are constructed. The possibilities of applying the obtained calculation methodology for a class of problems that differ in some way in formulation are indicated.
On improving the efficiency of the pass-through electromagnetic-acoustic transducer of longitudinal waves
Authors: Muraveva O. V , Myshkin Yu. V , Nagovitsyn A. A
Published: April 2024

The paper theoretically and experimentally investigates the possibility of increasing the efficiency of pass-through electromagnetic-acoustic (EMA) transducers of longitudinal waves when changing the direction of current in a high-frequency inductor and forming a co-directional (counter-directional) switch of the magnetic field of the inductor relative to the polarizing field of constant magnetization. It is shown that the increase in the EMA conversion efficiency due to the electrodynamic mechanism is due to a local increase in the eddy current density along the edges of the aperture of the high-frequency inductor when the magnetic field is turned on counter-directionally. These patterns are most evident for samples with high
Acoustical characteristics of solid elastic mediums with oriented microfructures
Authors: Abbakumov K. E , Vagin A. V , Sidorenko I. G
Published: April 2024

Model for interaction of plane elastic longitudinal waves with contains oriented microfractures with specific boundary conditions for “linear slip@ approximation is developed. The form of dispersion equation is defined in approximation of Bloch and Floque waves theory. Results of its solution which define character of functions for propagation phase velocity and attenuation coefficient of effective longitudinal wave in dependence on crack faces microfracture parameters and other model parameters.