bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single and combined effects of CSN1S1 and CSN2-casein genes on Awassi sheep milk quantity and quality
Authors: Al-Amareen Ahmad H. , Jawasreh Khaleel I.
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Milk produced from Awassi sheep is of high nutritive value; its production is relatively low in Awassi sheep, so the genetic improvement programs targeted milk production and its components are of high importance, especially when using genes that have an important signal to milk traits. This study was aimed at assessing the influence of alpha S1 (CSN1S1) and beta-casein (CSN2) genes genotypes interaction on Awassi ewes milk productivity.

Materials and Methods: A total number of 391 milk yield and its composition records (taken through five consecutive years, 2007-2011) of 167 ewes were utilized for this study. DNA samples were extracted from the ewe's blood samples, then the polymerase chain reaction products of alpha S1 (CSN1S1) and beta-casein (CSN2) genes were sequenced. The obtained sequences were analyzed; thereafter, the detected variants were tested for their possible association with milk traits.

Results: The CSN1S1 and CSN2 variants allelic frequencies were 0.85 and 0.15, and 0.95 and 0.05, respectively. Lactose and solid not fat (SNF) % were associated with TC CSN1S1 genotypes. No association was found among CSN1S1 polymorphic genotypes with milk production, lactose, and SNF % were associated with TC CSN1S1 genotypes. Ewes of CSN2 AC genotype showed higher milk production traits, while no association was found between milk composition traits and CNS2 genotypes. Nevertheless, CSN1S1∗CSN2 interaction showed the highest SNF, fat percentages, and milk production.

Conclusion: The substantial interaction effects between CSN1S1×CSN2 genes were significantly affected the amount of milk, fat, and SNF% produced. The detected variants should be included in the breeding programs of Awassi sheep that are designed for improving their milk quantity and quality.
Genomic structure of Bali cattle based on linkage disequilibrium and effective population size analyses using 50K single nucleotide polymorphisms data
Authors: Sudrajad Pita , Kusminanto Richi Yuliavian , Volkandari Slamet Diah , Cahyadi Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Bali Cattle (Bos j. javanicus) is a local breed originating in Indonesia, accounting for 32.3% of the total cattle population. To date, no studies of the genetic structure and demographic status of Bali cattle have been conducted, even though the breeding of Bali cattle has a long and unique history that is likely to have impacted its genetic diversity. Therefore, a study that used molecular breeding technologies to characterize the demography of Bali cattle would be timely. This study aimed to examine genome diversity in Bali cattle and estimate the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and effective population size (Ne) values in the cattle population.

Materials and Methods: In this study, we explored the population structure and genetic diversity of Bali cattle using genomic-level analyses. Our study primarily studied cattle that had been bred in livestock breeding centers since these breeds had subsequently spread throughout Indonesia. We focused on characterizing the genetic structure, determining the level of LD present, and estimating the Ne of the Bali cattle population. The genomic data used for this study were obtained from DNA samples of 48 Bali cattle collected at the Breeding Center of Bali Cattle as well as 54 genomic samples from Bali cattle collected elsewhere in Indonesia that had been used in recent publications. This genomic dataset included exclusively 50K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) array (Illumina Bovine 50SNP bead chip, Illumina, USA) data.

Results: We found that the LD values of Bali cattle from the breeding center and those raised elsewhere were 0.48±0.43 and 0.39±0.40, respectively. Subsequently, the Ne value of Bali cattle from the breeding center and farmers was 151 and 96, respectively.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that the selection program of the breeding center is beneficial for maintaining the genetic diversity of Bali cattle.
To Evaluate the Association between Red Cell Distribution Width and Validated Neurological Scores in Patients with Acute Stroke
Authors: J. John Vinoj , D. Vignesh
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization defined stroke as a "neurological deficit of cerebrovascular cause that persists beyond 24 hours or is interrupted by death within 24 hours". Stroke is one among the leading causes of death and disability in developed as well as developing countries. The red cell distribution width (RDW) is a numeric estimation of the erythrocyte size within the bloodstream. Elevated RDW has been proven to have a predisposing factor in the development of vascular thrombosis and therefore it is an instigator of cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, we intended to evaluate the relationship between RDW values with stroke severity and prognosis in patients in comparison with a healthy control group. METHODS This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted at Kanyakumari Govt Medical College, between June 2021 and December 2021. 150 patients with acute stroke were included in the study along with 150 age-matched controls. Red cell distribution width (RDW) was measured for cases as well as controls. Data were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8 software. RESULTS Red cell distribution width was positively associated with the occurrence of stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. It was not significantly associated with the occurrence of hemorrhagic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Thus red cell distribution width is a simple, cost-effective, easily attainable novel inflammatory marker that may help in detecting the severity and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. It can be obtained even at primary health setups and may be used for decision making in the urgent referral of the patient for a better outcome. This study completely supported the routine calculation of this parameter that could add to risk stratification of patients with acute ischemic stroke. It was not significantly associated with the occurrence of hemorrhagic stroke. KEY WORDS RDW, Acute Ischemic Stroke, Cerebrovascular Accident.
Medien der Sorge, Techniken des Selbst
Authors: Degeling Jasmin
Published: February 2022

Kann Kunst heilen? Dieser Frage geht Jasmin Degeling mittels einer medienwissenschaftlichen Neubestimmung von Michel Foucaults Konzepten der Techniken des Selbst sowie der Sorge um sich nach und analysiert die Medien und Ästhetiken von Christoph Schlingensief und Elfriede Jelinek als ästhetische Therapeutiken. Am Beispiel der späteren Arbeiten des Theater-, Film- und Aktionskünstlers Christoph Schlingensief zeichnet sich die moderne politische und ästhetische Geschichte von Kunst als Medium der Therapeutik ab: Der Wunsch nach einer Gesundheit des Denkens, Empfindens wie Lebens verschränkt sich dabei mit der biopolitischen Geschichte moderner, ästhetischer Heilsprogramme. Schlingensiefs Versuch, sich selbst zu heilen, schreibt sich in einen Komplex von Kunstreligion, modernem Vitalismus und Kolonialgeschichte ein. Elfriede Jelineks monumentaler Onlineroman »Neid (Mein Abfall von allem) – Ein Privatroman« experimentiert mit literarischem Schreiben in virtuellen Räumen und entwirft einen autobiographischen Roman, der jeder Form literarischer Subjektkonstitution eine feministische Absage erteilt. Diese Poetik erweist sich als Programm einer spezifisch modernen Sorge um sich: Medientechnisch ermöglicht durch das Heilsversprechen eines von der Realwelt abgetrennten Cyberspace, übt Jelinek im Format des frühen Onlinetagebuchs eine digitale Askese in virtueller Unendlichkeit, Leere und Weite und gibt so Raum für eine komplexe poetische Reflexion des Verhältnisses von Medien, Empfindung und Subjektivierung. Die Studie rückt zeitgenössische Medien der Sorge als Übungen der Heilung, der Gesundheit und des Überlebens in den Blick, und verbindet diese mit einer Archäologie der ästhetischen und medialen Geschichte moderner Konzepte von Gesundheit und Heilung.
Rosa Luxemburg
Authors: Jacob Frank , Scharenberg Albert , Schütrumpf Jörn
Published: February 2022

Im Jahr 2021 jährt sich Rosa Luxemburgs Geburtstag zum 150. Mal. Auch wenn sie im Zuge der Revolution von 1918/19 einen gewaltsamen Tod fand und in der Folge viel getan wurde, ihr Andenken zu schmälern, bleiben ihre Werke bis heute eine Inspiration für all diejenigen, die versuchen, eine neue, bessere und gerechtere Welt zu schaffen. Der Band versammelt Arbeiten von deutschsprachigen und internationalen Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern, die sich aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und mit verschiedenen Fragestellungen dem Nachwirken Luxemburgs widmen. Sie unterstreichen in ihrer Gänze den bedeutenden Stellenwert, den Luxemburgs Gedanken bis heute besitzen.
Rosa Luxemburg
Authors: Jacob Frank
Published: February 2022

Rosa Luxemburg lived a revolutionary life which determined her theoretical reflections about revolution and the role of the masses within it. The present study provides an analysis of Luxemburg’s thoughts about and experiences with revolutionary processes and shows how she further developed Marxist ideas about the path and methods to achieve a democratic socialism as the result of a successful revolution. Next to the theoretical debate with Eduard Bernstein and her experiences during the Russian Revolution of 1905, the book also takes a closer look at Luxemburg’s theoretical reflections about revolution in the years before and during the First World War, the Russian Revolution of 1917 as well as the German Revolution of 1918/19. The book therefore offers a concise analysis of Luxemburg’s life as well as her combination of revolution theory and revolutionary practice.
Removal of Pollution with Dye Orange-G from Waste Water by Using Novel Nano Co_ polymer
Authors: Guzar Sajid H. , Al-mayali Ameer S. , N. Al-Baiati Mohammad
Published: February 2022

Through this study, nanocomposite co-polymer was prepared by reaction between Pentaerythritl and phthalic anhydride. Infrared spectroscopy and AFM technique was used for the purpose of distinguishing the nanopolymer. Thus, the ability of the synthetic polymer to absorb the Orange-G pigment present in aqueous solutions was found. It was found that the nanopolymer had an average height of 5.26 nm. Therefore, three different temperatures were used (298, 308 and 318 K). Also Three concentrations of part units per million (1,3 and 5) of the nanopolymer synthesized were used for the study. Through this study, it was found that the nanopolymer is effective in removing Orange-Gfrom all aqueous solutions.
Outcomes of infectious syphilis in pregnant patients and maternal factors associated with congenital syphilis diagnosis, Alberta, 2017–2020
Authors: Gratrix Jennifer , Karwacki Jennifer , Eagle Lynn , Rathjen Lindsay , Singh Ameeta , Chu Angel , Smyczek Petra
Published: February 2022

Background: Congenital syphilis (CS) is a significant public health challenge, requiring early diagnosis and treatment to improve infant outcomes. The aim of this study is to describe public health outcomes of infectious syphilis cases among pregnant patients and factors associated with a CS diagnosis for their infant. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of demographic and clinical characteristics of infectious syphilis cases diagnosed during pregnancy and resulting infant outcomes in Alberta from 2017 to 2020 from the provincial communicable disease database. Adequate maternal treatment was defined as receiving at least one dose of Benzathine penicillin G-LA 2.4 million units IM at least 28 days before delivery. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors associated with CS diagnosis using SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 374 cases of infectious syphilis were diagnosed in pregnancy, with two patients being diagnosed twice in a single pregnancy. The majority (79.1%; n=296) of women had a live birth, followed by therapeutic abortion (9.4%; n=35), stillbirth (7.5%; n=28) and spontaneous abortion (4.0%; n=15). Infant records (n=265) were available for review (n=117 CS cases and 148 non-cases). Correlates associated with CS were screening time in third trimester (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 8.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9–24.6) and fewer than 28 days before delivery (AOR 8.1, 1.4–47.8 [vs. first and second trimester] and inadequate treatment (AOR 86.1, CI, 15.9–466.5). Among the CS cases, 23.1% (n=27) were stillborn compared with one (0.7%) stillbirth in the non-CS infants (p<0.001). Conclusion: The early identification and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy is crucial to preventing poor infant outcomes.
Delayed diagnosis of maternal and congenital syphilis: An unrecognized epidemic?
Authors: Dionisopoulos Zachary , Kakkar Fatima , Blanchard Ana C
Published: February 2022

Syphilis is an infection caused by Treponema pallidum spirochetes. The diagnosis of this sexually transmitted disease may be missed, partly due to the painless nature of genital ulcers in its primary stage. Women in Canada are screened for syphilis in their first trimester of pregnancy, but late pregnancy testing is not done in all provinces to date; therefore, undetected vertical transmission of syphilis may occur. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing congenital syphilis in infants and young children with unexplained growth problems and biochemical and hematological abnormalities. Congenital syphilis remains a rare diagnosis, but in the context of increased syphilis rates in Canada during recent years, clinicians should consider this diagnosis in infants presenting with compatible clinical manifestations.
Diagnostic tardif de la syphilis maternelle et congénitale : une épidémie mal reconnue?
Authors: Dionisopoulos Zachary , Kakkar Fatima , Blanchard Ana C
Published: February 2022

La syphilis est une infection causée par les spirochètes de Treponema pallidum. Le diagnostic de cette maladie transmise sexuellement peut être manqué, en partie en raison de la nature indolore des ulcères génitaux au stade primaire. Au Canada, les femmes se soumettent à un dépistage de la syphilis au premier trimestre de grossesse, mais à ce jour, le dépistage en fin de grossesse n’est pas effectué dans toutes les provinces; par conséquent, il peut se produire une transmission verticale non détectée de la syphilis. Cette situation souligne l’importance de reconnaître la syphilis congénitale chez les nourrissons et les jeunes enfants qui ont des problèmes de croissance inexpliqués et des anomalies biochimiques et hématologiques. La syphilis congénitale demeure un diagnostic rare, mais dans le contexte de l’augmentation des taux de syphilis au Canada au cours des dernières années, les cliniciens devraient tenir compte de ce diagnostic chez les nourrissons présentant des manifestations cliniques compatibles.
Large lungs may predict increased air trapping in navy divers
Authors: Wuorimaa Tomi , Haukka Jari , Tikkinen Janne , Parkkola Kai , Piirilä Päivi
Published: February 2022

Navy divers tend to have large lungs and low expiratory flow rates in the terminal portion of a spirogram. We examined Finnish Navy divers for the presence of air trapping, airway obstruction, and functional airway compression, and their association with lung volumes. Divers (n = 57) and non‐diving men (n = 10) underwent a variety of pulmonary function tests. The amount of trapped air was calculated as the subtraction of the total lung capacity (TLC) measured in a single‐breath helium dilution test from the TLC in body plethysmography (TLCb). Mean vital capacity (VC) was 6.4 L in the divers versus 5.8 L in the controls (p = 0.006) and TLCb 8.9 L in the divers versus 8.1 L in the controls (p = 0.002). No difference existed between them in the amount of trapped air. However, we found break points in a linear regression model (Davies test) between trapped air and several pulmonary parameters. Those individuals above the break points had lower ratio of forced expiratory volume in first second to forced vital capacity, lower resistance of airways, and higher reactance than those below the break points. In conclusion, navy divers had larger lungs than controls. Large lung volumes (VC >7.31 L or >122% of predicted value) were associated with air trapping. Furthermore, large volumes of air trapping (>1.1 L) were associated with increased residual volume (RV) and RV/TLCb. Despite no concurrent obstruction, functional airway compression, or reduced diffusing capacity, this slowly ventilated trapped air might remain disadvantageous for divers.
Aerobic exercise training in older men and women—Cerebrovascular responses to submaximal exercise: Results from the Brain in Motion study
Authors: Lake Sonja L. , Guadagni Veronica , Kendall Karen D. , Chadder Michaela , Anderson Todd J. , Leigh Richard , Rawling Jean M. , Hogan David B. , Hill Michael D. , Poulin Marc J.
Published: February 2022

Physical inactivity is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction, and global mortality. Regular exercise might mitigate age‐related declines in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular function. In this study, we hypothesize that a 6‐month aerobic exercise intervention will lead to a decrease in cerebrovascular resistance index (CVRi) and to an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi) during two submaximal exercise workloads (40% VO2max and 65 W), intensities that have been shown to be comparable to activities of daily life. Two hundred three low‐active healthy men and women enrolled in the Brain in Motion study, completed a 6‐month exercise intervention and underwent submaximal and maximal tests pre‐/post‐intervention. The intervention improved the gas exchange threshold and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), with no change in heart rate at VO2max, during the treadmill VO2max test. Heart rate and CVRi decreased from pre‐intervention values during both relative (40% VO2max) and absolute (65 W) submaximal exercise tests. Blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery and CVCi increased post‐intervention during 40% VO2max and 65 W. Changes in mean arterial pressure were found only during the absolute component (65 W). Our study demonstrates that aerobic exercise improves not only cardiorespiratory indices but also cerebrovascular function at submaximal workloads which may help to mitigate age‐related declines in everyday life. Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the decline in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular capacity with aging has important implications for the maintenance of health and continued independence of older adults.
Equilibrium Pricing under Concave Advertising Costs
Authors: Kultti Klaus , Pekkarinen Teemu
Published: February 2022

We study Butters’s (1977. “Equilibrium Distributions of Sales and Advertising Prices.” The Review of Economic Studies 44 (3): 465–91) model under concave advertising costs, and determine a class of cost functions such that each seller sends the same finite number of ads in equilibrium. Then we consider the limit economy where the number of buyers and sellers grow indefinitely, and show that the equilibrium of the finite economy does not converge to an equilibrium in the limit economy.
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 in pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bayless David R. , Caldarera Trevor M. , Harirah Hassan M.
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes are uncommon heterogeneous conditions characterized by the association of two or more organ-specific endocrinopathies. Very few cases of these syndromes have been described during pregnancy. Here we report a case of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-2 presenting during pregnancy and complicated by preeclampsia with severe features.

Case presentation

The patient is a 35-year-old G7P0242 woman with a history of adrenal insufficiency, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. She was admitted to our institution at 34 weeks’ gestation for preterm contractions, nausea, and lower extremity edema for a few weeks prior to admission. At 35 weeks’ gestation, she developed preeclampsia with severe features requiring repeat cesarean section with good maternal and fetal outcomes. Recognizing the occurrence of this rare syndrome during pregnancy, adequate replacement of the deficient hormones, and close maternal and fetal surveillance are essential to achieving favorable outcomes.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a pregnant woman with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-2 complicated by preeclampsia with severe features.
Postpartum sepsis-like illness and rash associated with Hansen’s disease
Authors: Bharucha Jinai , Saito-Tom Lynne
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Hansen’s disease (HD) often manifests during pregnancy and the postpartum. Patients with HD may experience reactions that mimic other conditions making diagnosis challenging.

Case presentation

We present a case of a patient from Chuuk, a state of the Federated States of Micronesia with a sepsis-like illness and worsening painful rash immediately postpartum. Antepartum, the patient noted a pruritic rash on her legs. Four hours after delivery, the patient became febrile and later developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The rash rapidly spread to other areas of her body and became painful and edematous. Eight weeks after delivery, a skin biopsy revealed tuberculoid granulomatous dermatitis consistent with HD.

Conclusions

HD and its associated reactions are easily misdiagnosed. Performing a skin biopsy of unusual skin lesions or common skin lesions with severe illness in a pregnant patient can expedite diagnosis of rare conditions such as HD. Early initiation of treatment for HD and its reactions are critical to prevent serious nerve damage and permanent disability.
Researching and teaching (with) the continua of biliteracy
Authors: Hornberger Nancy H.
Published: February 2022

The continua of biliteracy model offers an ecological framework to situate research, teaching, and language policy in multilingual settings. Biliteracy is understood as “any and all instances in which communication occurs in two (or more) languages in or around writing” and the continua as complex, fluid, and interrelated dimensions of communicative repertoires; it is in the dynamic, rapidly changing and sometimes contested spaces along and across the continua that biliteracy use and learning occur. Formulated in the 1980s in the context of a multi-year, comparative ethnography of language policy in two Philadelphia public schools and communities, the model has served in the years since as heuristic in research, teaching, and program development locally, nationally, and internationally in Indigenous, immigrant, diaspora and decolonizing language education contexts. It has evolved and adapted to accommodate both a changing world and a changing scholarly terrain, foregrounding ethnographic monitoring, mapping, ideological and implementational spaces, voice, and translanguaging, antiracist and decolonial pedagogies in multilingual education policy and practice. I trace this trajectory, highlighting experiences in immigrant contexts of Philadelphia and Indigenous contexts of South Africa, Sweden, and Peru where the continua of biliteracy have informed bilingual program development and Indigenous and second language teaching.
Experimental investigation on treated transformer oil (TTO) and its diesel blends in the diesel engine
Authors: Belkhode Pramod N. , Ganvir Vinod N. , Shelare Sagar D. , Shende Anand , Maheshwary Prashant
Published: February 2022

The increase in fuel prices, along with the lack of petroleum supplies, has led researchers to seek out alternative fuels. In recent years, the concept of transforming waste into a productive source of energy has gained attention. Several forms of agricultural products, chemical reactant, and treated blends have been studied by scientists all over the world over the past few decades. The work’s goal is to determine the effectiveness with using treated transformer oil (TTO) as diesel engine fuel, thus minimizing the environmental issues created by its discharge into open space. This study also aims to capitalise used transformer oil as a renewable fuel source into compression ignition engine, since using waste oils decreases the cost of fuel. The characterization (aniline point, calorific value, density, diesel index, flash point, kinematic viscosity) of treated transformer oil (TTO) was determined and blended with diesel in the proportion of 10% (TTO10), 20% (TTO20), 25% (TTO25), 30% (TTO30), and 40% (TTO40) treated transformer oil. The outcomes are evaluated in comparison to the same diesel engine’s operation. According to the findings of the study, blends of treated transformer oil and diesel fuel may be a best choice for diesel engines since they have the same calorific value as diesel fuel. The brake thermal efficiency of blends containing up to 20% TTO is greater compared to diesel fuel. It lowers as a proportion of treated transformer oil increases and increases as the load increases. Furthermore, when the fraction of TTO in blends grows, brake specific fuel economy (BSFC) declines with load.
Insights into origins of the natural gas in the Lower Paleozoic of Ordos basin, China
Authors: Huang Junping , Lin Junfeng , He Wenxiang , Zhang Lei , Wang Yating , Li Xiangbo , Xu Yaohui , Kong Lingyin , Wang Hongbo
Published: February 2022

Based on natural gas compositions, carbon isotope ratios, and geological analysis, the genesis and origin of gases in the Lower Paleozoic of Ordos basin are discussed. Due to differences in distribution and genesis, the gases in Lower Paleozoic were divided into five types, namely western margin gas, weathered crust gas, pre-salt gas, Ordovician deep gas, and Cambrian gas. The results show that the δ
13C1 and δ
13C2 of western margin gas range from −35.6 to −38.9‰ and from −27.2 to −35.9‰, respectively, indicating oil-type gas and mainly from the O1k and O2w marine source rocks. The δ
13C1 of weathered crust gas varies from −31.2 to −37.8‰, but δ
13C2 is mostly around −25.0‰, which indicates weathered crust gas originates from the Carboniferous–Permian coal-measure source rocks. In contrast, δ
13C1 and δ
13C2 in the pre-salt strata are mostly less than −30.0‰. Yet its distribution of Δ(δ
13C2–δ
13C1) is from −1.7 to 13.6‰, and C1/C2 + C3 is of 6.68–4372.50. These indicate that the pre-salt gas is mainly high-over mature oil cracking gas from the O1m marine source rock. The δ
13C1 of Ordovician deep gas is averaging −39.4‰, and δ
13C2 varies from −25.4 to −33.0‰, which imply coexistence of oil-type and coal-type gas. It is presumed that the C–P coal-type gas may migrate into and accumulate at Ordovician deep reservoirs through unconformity and fault. The δ
13C2 and Δ(δ
13C2–δ
13C1) of Cambrian gas are both the most negative, respectively, averaging −34.9‰ and averaging −3.2‰, indicating over-mature oil-type gas. Formation and evolution of the Qingyang paleo-uplift result in that the Cambrian gas mainly comes from the Cambrian or Ordovician marine source rocks in the southern basin.
Negotiating religious identity categories in non-professional interviews using English as a lingua franca
Authors: Nowicka Agnieszka
Published: February 2022

This paper analyzes the construction and negotiation of religious identity categories in non-professional interviews using English as a lingua franca conducted by Polish students of foreign languages with foreigners staying in Poland. I use membership categorization analysis to show how the talk participants present themselves as members of a particular religious collectivity and how they ascribe membership in a religious collectivity to other speakers. I focus both on explicit and implicit categorization.
The Impact of Forecast Errors on Fiscal Planning and Debt Accumulation
Authors: Ademmer Martin , Boysen-Hogrefe Jens
Published: February 2022

We investigate the impact of errors in medium run tax revenue forecasts on the final budget balance. Our analysis is based on fiscal data for the entirety of German states and takes advantage of revenue forecasts and respective errors that can be considered as exogenously given in the budgeting process. We find that forecast errors at various forecast horizons translate considerably into the final budget balance, indicating that expenditure plans get only marginally adjusted when revenue forecasts get revised. Consequently, errors in tax revenue forecasts may considerably affect the accumulation of public debt. Our calculations suggest that a significant share of total debt of German states results from forecasts that were too optimistic.
The role of gaze in meaning negotiation episodes in video synchronous computer-mediated interactions
Authors: Li Chenxi
Published: February 2022

The outbreak of COVID-19 led to the replacement of many traditional classroom teaching and learning activities with online interactions through synchronous audio or video conferencing tools. Technically, the key difference between audio and video conferencing is the latter’s use of a webcam. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the webcam’s role in video synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC). Negotiation for meaning episodes, in which interlocutors try to resolve non-understanding through verbal interaction, were selected for analysis because they are widely believed to be helpful for second language acquisition. Specifically, this paper focuses on where interlocutors look during negotiated interactions in video SCMC and whether a statistical relationship exists between looking at a peer’s video image and successful meaning negotiation. Four dyads of English learners completed information gap tasks with potentially unknown words through learner–learner video SCMS interactions. Students’ multimodal performance was screen recorded for a gaze analysis and one-on-one interviews were conducted to confirm the students’ gaze directions. The results reveal a statistically significant positive relationship between the duration of one’s gaze at the peer’s video image and the number of successful meaning negotiation episodes in a dyad.
Apoptotic cell-derived micro/nanosized extracellular vesicles in tissue regeneration
Authors: Wang Yixi , Khan Haider Mohammed , Zhou Changchun , Liao Xiaoxia , Tang Pei , Song Ping , Gui Xingyu , Li Hairui , Chen Zhixing , Liu Shiyu , Cen Ying , Zhang Zhenyu , Li Zhengyong
Published: February 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), products released by cells in multiple biological activities, are currently widely accepted as functional particles and intercellular communicators. From the orthodox perspective, EVs derived from apoptotic cells (apoEVs) are responsible for cell debris clearance, while recent studies have demonstrated that apoEVs participate in tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms and particular functions in tissue regeneration promotion of apoEVs remain ambiguous. Some molecules active during apoptosis also function in tissue regeneration triggered by apoptosis, such as caspases. ApoEVs are generated in the process of apoptosis, carrying cell contents to manifest biological effects and possess biomarkers to target phagocytes. The regenerative effect of apoEVs might be due to their abilities to facilitate cell proliferation and regulate inflammation. Such regenerative effect has been observed in various tissues, including skin, bone, cardiovascular system, and kidneys. Engineered apoEVs are produced to amplify the biological benefits of apoEVs, rendering them optional for drug delivery. Meanwhile, challenges exist in thorough mechanistic exploration and standardization of production. In this review, we discussed the link between apoptosis and regeneration, current comprehension of the origination and investigation strategies of apoEVs, and mechanisms in tissue regeneration of apoEVs and their applications. Challenges and prospects are also addressed here.
Hydroalumination of Nitriles and Isonitriles
Authors: Uhl Werner , Matar Madhat
Published: February 2022

Hydroalumination of H5C6-C≡N with di(tert-butyl)aluminum hydride 1or the corresponding diethyl compound 2yielded the products tBu2Al-N=C(C6H5)H 3and Et2Al-N=C(C6H5)H 4, respectively, both of which form dimers possessing Al2N2 heterocycles with two exocyclic C=N double bonds. NMR spectroscopic data indicate the occurrence of cis/trans isomers in solutions of compound 4. The dimerization of the imide via Al-N interactions was prevented by employing the hydride [(Me3Si)2HC]2AlH 6bearing the bulky bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl substituents. Its reaction with benzonitrile yielded the compound R2Al-N=C(C6H5)H(N≡C-C6H5) 7[R = CH(SiMe3)2], in which the coordinative saturation of the aluminum atoms was achieved by adduct formation with one molecule of the starting nitrile. In these cases the C≡N triple bond inserted completely into the Al-H bond of the hydride. In contrast, the reaction of tert-butyl isonitrile afforded the product tBu2Al-C(H)=NC6H5
8by the insertion of its terminal carbon atom into the Al-H bond. Hence, it has a geminal arrangement of the aluminum and hydrogen atoms. Dimerization of 8yielded a six-membered heterocycle. Hydroalumination does not occur upon treatment of the hydride 1with trimethylsilylnitrile. Instead, the Si-CN bond was cleaved, and the aluminum cyanide (tBu2Al-C≡N)4
9was isolated in a high yield.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of 2-(3(5)-Pyrazolyl)pyridine: A Novel Access to Multidentate Chelate Ligands
Authors: Rößlera Katrin , Kluge Tobias , Schubert Anett , Sun Yu , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Thiel Werner R.
Published: February 2022

1-(Nitrophenyl) functionalized 2-(3-pyrazolyl)pyridines were obtained by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution and could be reduced to the corresponding aminophenyl substituted derivatives. These compounds can be used to co-ordinate transition metal sites or for the generation of building blocks for supramolecular chemistry. The solid state structure of a 1,1’-functionalized ferrocene, which was obtained following this route, is discussed in detail.
Selective Substitution of Hex2SiFCl for the Preparation of Polymers with Two Different Alternate π-Electron Systems Linked by Hex2Si Units
Authors: Ohshita Joji , Kawashima Kazuaki , Iwata Arihiro , Tang Heqing , Higashi Miho , Kunai Atsutaka
Published: February 2022

Organosilicon polymers having a regular alternate arrangement of -Hex2Si-π-Hex2Si-π’-(π, π’ = π-electron system) were prepared by successive treatment of Hex2SiFCl with dilithiated π- conjugated compounds, Li-π-Li and Li-π’ -Li (π = diethynylanthracene, diethynylpyrene, diethynylcarbazole; π’ = bithiophenediyl, terthiophenediyl). UV-vis absorption spectra and cyclic voltammograms of the resulting polymers indicated that the two π-electron systems, π and π’, are electronically isolated, while the emission spectra indicated that energy transfer between the π-electron systems occurred in the excited states.
First X-Ray Structure of a Cationic Silicon Complex with Salen-Type Ligand: An Unusual Compound with Two Different Si-N Dative Bonds
Authors: Wagler Jörg , Böhme Uwe , Brendler Erica , Roewer Gerhard
Published: February 2022

Two novel compounds containing pentacoordinate alkylsiliconium-cations with an 〈O, N, O 〉- chelating ligand of salen-type were prepared by reacting the trimethylsilyl derivatives of the ligand with alkyltrichlorosilanes. Pentacoordination of the silicon atom is found in solid state as well as in solution. Crystals of compound 2a, ethylene-N, N’ -bis(2-oxy-4-methoxybenzophenoneiminato) methylsiliconium chloride, were obtained from chloroform solution. This complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/n. The chloride ion is surrounded by three chloroform molecules in the solid state. The siliconium cation has trigonal bipyramidal geometry in the solid state, although the signals of two chemically equal half-sides of the salen-type ligand were revealed in 1H and 13C NMR spectra of its chloroform solution. Therefrom two different Si-N dative bonds within the same molecule arise. The reaction of methyltrichlorosilane with two non-linked “half-ligands” of the salen-type leads also to a siliconium complex with similar cationic coordination sphere motif.
Synthesis and Derivatization of Homoleptic Dinuclear Lanthanide Siloxide Complexes
Authors: Fischbach Andreas , Eickerling Georg , Scherer Wolfgang , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Anwander Reiner
Published: February 2022

Homoleptic dinuclear lanthanide siloxide complexes [Ln(OSitBuPh2)2(μ-OSitBuPh2)]2 (Ln = Y (1a), La (1b)), [Ln(OSiHtBu2)2(μ-OSiHtBu2)]2 (Ln = Y (2a), La (2b), Nd (2c), Lu (2d)), and {Ln[OSi(OtBu)3]2[μ-OSi(OtBu)3]}2(Ln = Y (3a), La (3b)) were synthesized according to the silylamide route in yields between 67 and 92%. Their bis(siloxide)-bridged molecular arrangement was proven by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as by an Xray structure analysis of 2c. The IR spectra of complexes 2feature low-energy Si-H stretching vibrations (1965 - 1915 cm−1) indicative of β (Si-H)· · ·Ln agostic interactions. Complexes 2 and 3readily form monomeric bis(donor) adducts with tetrahydrofurane, triphenylphosphine oxide, and N-methylimidazol as shown for fully characterized Ln(OSiHtBu2)3(thf)2 (Ln = Y (4a), La (4b)), Y(OSiHtBu2)3(OPPh3)2 (5), Ln(OSiHtBu2)3(N-MeIm)2 (Ln = Y (6a), La (6b)), and Y[OSi(OtBu)3]3(thf)2 (7). Treatment of complexes 1- 3with excess of trimethylaluminum (TMA) generated several alkylated rare-earth metal species including homoleptic Ln(AlMe4)3 as indicated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. La[OSi(OtBu)3](AlMe4)2(AlMe3) (8b) was isolated by crystallization and analyzed by X-ray diffraction.
Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using curcumin: cytotoxic, apoptotic, and necrotic effects on various cell lines
Authors: Karan Tunay , Erenler Ramazan , Moran Bozer Busra
Published: February 2022

Nanostructures have distinctive chemical and physical features owing to their surface area and nanoscale size. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using curcumin, a medicinally valuable natural product. The structure of curcumin-mediated silver nanoparticles (c-AgNPs) was identified by extensive spectroscopic techniques. The maximum absorption was observed at 430 nm in UV–Vis spectrum. The crystal structure of c-AgNPs was identified by XRD. The morphology of the structure was determined by SEM image. The particle size was found as 51.13 nm. The functional groups of curcumin and c-AgNPs were established by FTIR spectroscopy. Cytotoxic activity of c-AgNPs was carried out using A549, DLD-1, and L929 with MTT assay. c-AgNPs revealed excellent activity on DLD-1 cell lines and A549 cell lines at 1.0 mg/mL concentration with the lethal effect of 80%. However, nanoparticles did not show the considerable effect on L929. Moreover, they induced apoptosis. Consequently, c-AgNPs are a promising material for anticancer drugs candidate.
KONSERVE HİNDİ SOSİS ÜRETİMİNDE ISIL İŞLEM VE DEPOLAMA SÜRESİNİN BAZI KALİTE ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: AKBULUT Selen , KULEAŞAN Hakan
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışmada, koruyucu katkı maddesi kullanmaksızın hindi etinden üretilen sosislere 118 °C’de 50 dakika sterilizasyon uygulanarak, 4 aylık depolama süreci boyunca mikrobiyolojik bozulmanın önlenmesi ve genel kalitenin korunması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada konserve sosis üretiminde kullanılan çiğ hindi etinin başlangıç bakteri yükü 4.33 log kob/g olarak tespit edilmiştir. Isıl işlem sonrasında raf ömrü boyunca sosis örneklerinde mikrobiyolojik bir gelişmenin tespit edilmemiş olması, ürüne uygulanan ısıl işlemin etkin bir şekilde sterilizasyon sağlamış olduğunu göstermiştir. Oksidasyon derecesinin belirlendiği tiyobarbitürik asit (TBA) analizinde ise, hindi sosislerinde istatistiksel olarak fark görülmemiştir (P >0.05). Bu çalışma, sıcak dolum ve etkin bir ısıl işlem ile üretilen hindi sosislerinin koruyucu katkı kullanılmaksızın raf ömrü süresince sağlıklı bir şekilde korunabileceğini göstermiştir.
100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Combined hormonal contraceptives and vitamin D metabolism in adolescent girls
Authors: Öberg Johanna , Jorde Rolf , Figenschau Yngve , Thorsby Per Medbøe , Dahl Sandra Rinne , Winther Anne , Grimnes Guri
Published: February 2022

Objective

Combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) use has been associated with higher total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Here, we investigate the relation between CHC use and vitamin D metabolism to elucidate its clinical interpretation.

Methods

The cross-sectional Fit Futures 1 included 1038 adolescents. Here, a subgroup of 182 girls with available 25(OH)D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D), vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and measured free 25(OH)D levels, in addition to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), was investigated. Vitamin D metabolites were compared between girls using (CHC+) and not using CHC (CHC−). Further, the predictability of CHC on 25(OH)D levels was assessed in a multiple regression model including lifestyle factors. The ratios 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D (vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR)) in relation to 25(OH)D were presented in scatterplots.

Results

CHC+ (n  = 64; 35% of the girls) had higher 25(OH)D levels (mean ± s.d., 60.3 ± 22.2) nmol/L) than CHC- (n  = 118; 41.8 ± 19.3 nmol/L), P -values <0.01. The differences in 25(OH)D levels between CHC+ and CHC− were attenuated but remained significant after the adjustment of lifestyle factors. CHC+ also had higher levels of 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25(OH)2D, DBP and calcium than CHC−, whereas 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D, PTH, FGF23 and albumin were significantly lower. Free 25(OH)D and VMR did not statistically differ, and both ratios appeared similar in relation to 25(OH)D, irrespective of CHC status.

Conclusion

This confirms a clinical impact of CHC on vitamin D levels in adolescents. Our observations are likely due to an increased DBP-concentration, whereas the free 25(OH)D appears unaltered.
Pseudo-pheochromocytoma due to obstructive sleep apnea: a case report
Authors: Jazdarehee Aria , Huget-Penner Sawyer , Pawlowska Monika
Published: February 2022

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition of intermittent nocturnal upper airway obstruction. OSA increases sympathetic drive which may result in clinical and biochemical features suggestive of pheochromocytoma. We present the case of a 65-year-old male with a 2.9-cm left adrenal incidentaloma on CT, hypertension, symptoms of headache, anxiety and diaphoresis, and persistently elevated 24-h urine norepinephrine (initially 818 nmol/day (89–470)) and normetanephrine (initially 11.2 µmol/day (0.6–2.7)). He was started on prazosin and underwent left adrenalectomy. Pathology revealed an adrenal corticoadenoma with no evidence of pheochromocytoma. Over the next 2 years, urine norepinephrine and normetanephrine remained significantly elevated with no MIBG avid disease. Years later, he was diagnosed with severe OSA and treated with continuous positive airway pressure. Urine testing done once OSA was well controlled revealed complete normalization of urine norepinephrine and normetanephrine with substantial symptom improvement. It was concluded that the patient never had a pheochromocytoma but rather an adrenal adenoma with biochemistry and symptoms suggestive of pheochromocytoma due to untreated severe OSA. Pseudo-pheochromocytoma is a rare presentation of OSA and should be considered on the differential of elevated urine catecholamines and metanephrines in the right clinical setting.

Learning points

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition among adults.

OSA may rarely present as pseudo-pheochromocytoma with symptoms of pallor, palpitations, perspiration, headache, or anxiety.

OSA should be considered on the differential of elevated urine catecholamines and metanephrines, especially in patients with negative metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan results.
Las abuelas del pueblo. Prácticas religiosas y amenazas a la vida en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Wielewski Narloch Nelise , Madrigal Sánchez Victor
Published: February 2022

Este artículo explora la forma como las mujeres adultas mayores acuden a sus referencias/prácticas religiosas para buscar protección ante la amenaza a la vida en tiempos de pandemia. Se escucharán las voces de cinco abuelas residentes en la comunidad de Pueblo Nuevo, cantón de Garabito, Costa Rica. Sus aportes compartidos por medio de una entrevista serán la base que orientará el análisis. Como punto de partida se reconoce que en diferentes momentos de la historia han existido pandemias, lo que genera temor, negación y muerte. Se apunta que las referencias religiosas han estado presentes como forma de reacción, soporte y fortaleza.
Oxidative Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds over the Supported Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Zhiquan Hou  , Wenbo Pei  , Xing Zhang  , Yuxi Liu  , Jiguang Deng  , Hongxing Dai
Published: February 2022

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and methane are pollutants that are harmful to the atmosphere and human health. It is highly required to control emissions of VOCs. Catalytic oxidation is one of the most effective pathways for the elimination of VOCs, in which the key issue is the development of novel and high-performance catalysts. In this review article, we briefly summarize the preparation strategies, physicochemical properties, catalytic activities, and stability for the oxidative removal of VOCs of the supported bimetallic catalysts that have been investigated by our group and other researchers. The supported bimetallic catalysts include the supported noble bimetal, supported noble metal-transition metal, and supported non-precious bimetal catalysts. It was found that catalytic performance was related to one or several factors, such as specific surface area, pore structure, particle size and dispersion, adsorbed oxygen species concentration, reducibility, lattice oxygen mobility, acidity, reactant activation ability, and/or interaction between bimetals or between metal and support. The stability and ability of anti-poisoning to water, carbon dioxide or chlorine were related to the nature of the bimetal and support in the catalysts. In addition, we also envision the development trend of such a topic in the future work.