bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Author, Narrative and the Impact of Internet Literature Upon Print Literature in China
Authors: Ji Dan , Xu Jian
Published: November 2024

Internet literature gains tremendous popularity in China with the coming of the digital era. In response to the emergence of the large body of Internet literature, this article examines the Internet literary tendencies observable in China by systematically analysing four issues concerning Internet literature. Based on retrospecting of the history of Chinese Internet Literature (CIL), the study first describes the uniqueness of CIL during its evolution. Then, this study categorizes CIL from three perspectives, namely, the author groups, the genre of the text, and the fiction narrative style. In the third part, this study explores the positive impact of CIL in terms of its interactivity, how it changes the creators’ mode of thinking, how it expands literary genres, the convergence and fusion of print literary genres in CIL, and the shifts in dissemination. The negative impact of Chinese internet literature is also discussed including how vulgar and shallow works impact the depth of print literature, how figurative language limit the readers’ imagination, and how CIL challenges the traditional publishing market. In the end, the far-reaching changes and possible future trends of CIL are discussed.
Language change in a constructional network: the emergence of Mandarin [bi N hai N] comparative constructions
Authors: Liu Meili , Cuyckens Hubert , Zhan Fangqiong
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the mechanisms of and motivations for two unconventional comparative constructions in Mandarin: [bi Ni hai Ni] and [bi Ni hai Nj]. They are unconventional in that the item expressing the dimension along which the comparison is made is a noun rather than an adjective. It is shown that [bi Ni hai Ni] emerges (i) by analogy with the conventional comparative construction [bi N hai A] and (ii) by inheriting the nominal feature from an existing construction [Adverb N], which is corroborated by a collexeme analysis. At a more schematic level, the extension A > N observed in [bi N hai A] > [bi Ni hai Ni] may have been modeled on the existing development from [Adverb A] to [Adverb N]. Analogical extension and inheritance also underlie the subsequent development from [bi Ni hai Ni] to [bi Ni hai Nj]. This study not only shows how language changes in a constructional network (including node creation and network reconfiguration), but also sheds light on the nature of horizontal links. It also demonstrates how a synchronically perceived relation between constructions may impact a later, similar language change.
Pediatric pharmacogenetics: profiling CYP2C8 polymorphisms at King Abdulaziz University Dental Clinic
Authors: Bagher Amina M. , Aboud Rania A. , Alkinaidri Noura M. , Aljilani Saja A. , Hareeri Rawan H. , Binmahfouz Lenah S. , Bagher Sara M.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Ibuprofen, a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) for managing pain and inflammation in pediatric patients, is metabolized by the CYP2C8 enzyme. Studies suggest that the CYP2C8*2, *3, and *4 variations of the CYP2C8 gene diminish ibuprofen metabolism, increasing the risk of adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the CYP2C8*2, *3, and *4 alleles and genotypes in a pediatric population attending the King Abdulaziz University dental clinic and compare our findings to those of other populations.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 140 healthy Saudi children ages 6–12. Saliva samples were collected using Oragene™ DNA Sample Collection Kits and analyzed for polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Results

The study identified that CYP2C8*2 AA, AT, and TT genotypes occurred at frequencies of 87.86 %, 9.29 %, and 2.86 %, respectively. For CYP2C8*3, AA, AG, and GG genotypes were found in 87.14 , 8.75, and 4.29 % of subjects, respectively. The CYP2C8*4 allele was less frequent, with CC and CG genotypes at 97.86 % and 2.14 %, respectively, and the GG genotype was absent. Allele frequencies for CYP2C8*2, *3, and *4 were 7.5 %, 8.57 %, and 1.07 %, respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal that the allelic frequencies for the CYP2C8 polymorphisms in the Saudi pediatric cohort are substantially elevated compared to those reported in other Asian populations. This suggests Saudis may experience more varied drug responses, especially for medications that undergo metabolism by the CYP2C8 enzyme, like ibuprofen.
Response of male Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) to methyl eugenol: can they be desensitized?
Authors: Gazit Yoav , Akiva Ruti , Kramer Reut , Yehezkel Almog , Yaacobi Gal , Nestel David
Published: November 2024

The response of male peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to the parapheromone methyl eugenol (ME) was studied using two different bioassays. A laboratory assay was used to assess the short-distance response of males to ME, and a semi-field study, conducted in large screen-cages, was used to assess the attraction of released males to ME-baited traps. The ME response was studied in relation to several physiological parameters. Our findings show that the response of males to ME increased with both age and sexual maturation. Larval diet also influenced adult response to ME. The frequency of attraction to ME among males that had been raised on artificial larval-rearing diets was higher than that observed among males that had been raised on fruit. In addition, we found that solutions of ME (<0.5 %) and sucrose (a phagostimulant) were toxic to adult males. In contrast, ME volatiles were not toxic and exposure to the volatiles significantly reduced the males’ post-exposure response to the attractant. This effect extended for at least 4 weeks. The possibility of being able to reduce the attractive response of irradiated B. zonata males to ME volatiles opens the opportunity of using ME-baits in the field as a method to reduce wild males by attracting them to baited devices, and concomitantly release sterile flies to induce “sterility” on female wild flies.
Metapragmatic markers and the instantiation of pragmatic frames: A cognitive-linguistic approach to the problem of current discourse
Authors: Spiess Oliver
Published: November 2024

Reference to current discourse is often cited as a definitional criterion for classifying linguistic units as metapragmatic. However, there is no consensus in research on the precise meaning and limits of this criterion. In this paper, a cognitive-linguistic perspective is adopted to address this issue by focusing on how interactants conceptualize discourse. A synthesis of Langacker’s (2001) current-discourse-space model (CDS model) and the notion of pragmatic frames is used to analyze metapragmatic practices in a television discussion. The analytical annotation process shows that metapragmatic markers (MPMs) evoke specific kinds of frame structures including the instantiation of pragmatic frames. Based on the annotation of the entire transcribed discussion, it will be argued that the visualization of discourse sequences in the CDS model and the examination of the specific frame structures evoked by MPMs contribute to a better understanding of the core of metapragmaticity. The paper concludes with a pilot study that uses quantitative methods to demonstrate the analytical potential of a cognition-centered categorization of MPMs. It is shown that the use of MPMs reflects different interactional roles (i.e., host or discussant) and the conversational strategies used to shape the conceptualization of argumentative discourse to pursue specific interactional goals.
Integrating approaches to the role of metaphor in the evolutionary dynamics of language
Authors: Pleyer Michael , Kuleshova Svetlana , Placiński Marek
Published: November 2024

Metaphor occupies a central role not only in language use, but also in language change and evolution. Specifically, semantic extension motivated by metaphor plays an important role in extending the lexicon of languages. It is this process that enables the emergence of one of the key properties of modern languages, namely that they are open-ended, systematic, polysemous, structured semiotic systems. Here, we review results from three approaches whose integration presents an important cornerstone for an interdisciplinary account of the role of metaphor in the evolutionary dynamics of language: (1) Historical linguistics and diachronic semantics (2) Computational approaches and natural language processing, and (3) Experimental semiotics. Research in historical linguistics has shown that metaphor is a major mechanism of semantic change. Diachronic semantic analyses have not only mapped detailed historical trajectories of semantic extension motivated by metaphor, but also identified common metaphoric pathways of change as well as shared cognitive principles underlying them. Computational approaches and natural language processing have used findings and data from historical linguistics in attempts to automate the detection of metaphoric semantic change and to build data-driven models models of the principles underlying it. Experimental semiotics is a paradigm in which participants have to create novel communication systems in the absence of language. It represents an experimental design that can investigate cultural linguistic evolution and the emergence of metaphors and metaphorical extensions under controlled laboratory settings to shed light on the interactional and cognitive principles involved in it. Combining results from these approaches represents an important first step towards an interdisciplinary, integrative account of the role of metaphor, and processes of polysemous meaning extension more generally, in the evolutionary dynamics of language.
The language of gratitude: An empirical analysis of acknowledgments in German medical dissertations
Authors: Hartmann Stefan , Hansson Nils , Loerbroks Adrian
Published: November 2024

Acknowledgment sections are a rich but underused resource for understanding how language is used for social purposes (such as expressing gratitude and communicating social relations networks), and how conventions and patterns emerge in this process. This paper presents a usage-based case study combining qualitative and quantitative methods for analyzing a dataset of >300 acknowledgment sections from medical dissertations written in German. In our quantitative analysis, we gauge keywords and key n-grams and assess the relative position of recurrent words in each text. Our analysis shows that this text type has developed clear conventions, with acknowledgments in the professional domain being followed by a usually smaller set of expressions of gratitude associated with the private domain. In addition, our quantitative analysis suggests recurrent patterns that can be linked to specific socio-pragmatic functions. For instance, an analysis of n-grams attested in text segments associated with the professional vs. the private domain shows some differences with regard to the typical patterns chosen in those segments. Our analysis also raises a number of future research questions, thus showing that acknowledgment sections are a highly interesting object of study that deserve to be investigated in more detail.
Internet terminology in modern German: semantics and structure
Authors: Kiyko Yuriy , Kiyko Svitlana
Published: November 2024

The article presents an in-depth analysis of the formation of terminology in the professional language of the Internet in German and offers predictions about its future development, in line with the evolution of this area of knowledge. Drawing from a corpus of about 8,000 terms and term combinations, the authors explore the dynamics of German Internet terminology, propose a timeline for the emergence of these terms in relation to advancements in science and technology, and identify key methods of term formation along with their semantic characteristics. The primary source of expansion in German Internet terminology comes from Anglo-American borrowings, which, during their adaptation into German, have undergone structural and semantic assimilation. The main methods of term formation within the examined terminology are compounding (with a predominance of binary structures), derivation, and abbreviation. German Internet terminology is characterized by synonymy and polysemy, reflecting the dynamic nature of network technology development. A distinctive feature of this terminology is the formal redundancy in expressing a single concept, leading to the formation of synonymous sets. The uniqueness of the semantic paradigm of these terms lies in the extralinguistic factors that influence terminological synonymy, polysemy, and the broader system of structural relations in German Internet terminology.
Green chemistry approach to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Fagonia Cretica extract, novel strategy for developing antimicrobial and antidiabetic therapies
Authors: Almutairi Mikhlid H. , Khan Shahrukh , Fozia Fozia , Aslam Madeeha , Ahmad Ijaz , Sillanpää Mika , Almutairi Bader O. , Ziaullah Ziaullah
Published: November 2024

This groundbreaking study explores the eco-friendly production of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) to investigate their impact on health. TiO2 NPs were synthesized utilizing a plant extract from Fagonia cretica, acting as both stabilizers and reducers. Various techniques, including energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were employed to analyze the synthesized TiO2 NPs. FT-IR revealed functional groups crucial for nanoparticle (NP) formation. SEM confirmed the particle size of synthesized TiO2 NPs, ranging from 20 to 80 nm. XRD analysis highlighted the rutile phase crystalline structure, and EDX determined the elemental composition of TiO2 NPs. These NPs displayed potent antimicrobial properties, proving toxic to bacterial and the fungal strains at 50 µg·mL−1 concentration. Impressively, TiO2 NPs showcased significant antidiabetic effects in adult male albino mice, effectively reducing Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia by the improvement in behavior via random blood glucose, triglyceride, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoprteins, very low density lipoproteins, and GTT pathway at 100 and 200 µL. Furthermore, they exhibited a remarkable impact on human liver cancer cell lines, with a 43.2% reduction in cell viability at 100 µg·mL−1 concentration. In essence, the study highlights TiO2 NPs as a safe, natural therapeutic agent with immense potential in diabetes treatment. The MTT assay was utilized to assess their cytotoxicity and biocompatibility, affirming their promising role in healthcare.
Toward “climate-driven”: innovation on legislation of modern marine fisheries law under era of blue carbon
Authors: Dou Xiaodong , Xiao Gengqi , Huang Xiurong
Published: November 2024

Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest in the blue carbon project, which uses marine activities and organisms to take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it in ocean. Important question in contemporary and future fisheries management is how to coordinate the relationship among the offshore fishery, the fisheries resource conservation and blue carbon projects. Through comparative studies and normative analysis, this study explores the legislative aims of some representative international and national fisheries legislation and their creative reforms in recent years. The legislative purpose of fisheries laws has traditionally been to keep fishery resources above the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) standard, while marine carbon sink resource protection is marginally inadequate. Given that the blue carbon project is inseparable from future fisheries industry development, the protection of marine carbon sink resources needs to be incorporated into the legislative aim of fisheries law in the future.
The Scarf and the Cloak Prestige Garments for Aegean Elites
Authors: Crowley Janice L
Published: November 2024

When seeking to identify elite personages in the Aegean iconographic record, the researcher faces the great problem that almost everyone seems to dress in the same rich apparel and there are no deciphered contemporary texts which can explain the meaning of the images. Yet the visual record does reveal that Aegean artists showed particular interest in fabric differentiation and this is especially true of the images on the Aegean seals, signet rings and sealings, each a piece of miniature relief art. The detail in these seal images provides a new lens through which to view gender and identity in Minoan Crete and Mycenaean Greece. This paper concentrates on an item that was named by Arthur Evans over a hundred years ago when he saw depictions of what seemed to be rolled-up cloth. He coined the term, “sacral knot” to describe it and so it has remained in the literature. However the seal detail published across the last 50 years establishes that there are actually two items subsumed under Evans’ term, one which we may call the “scarf knot” and the other the “cloak knot” and that the basis for these knots are two very different garments, the scarf and the cloak. When their characteristics are described with regard to the type of raw material used and the patterns observable and when attention is turned to their wearing, it becomes clear that the scarf designates elite females and that the cloak envelopes elite males. The primary use of these two prestige garments, with their underlying distinction of gender roles, is seen to provide the basis for their symbolic use in the knotted form. The scarf and the cloak are primarily Minoan prestige garments and both creations are testament to a sophisticated society that cherished their beautiful fabrics.
Microvariation in L2 acquisition of backward anaphora: Mandarin versus Japanese
Authors: Su Yi-Ching , Sorace Antonella , Hirose Yuki , Mochizuki Keiko , Hirakawa Makiko , Nakayama Mineharu
Published: November 2024

There are crosslinguistic variations for backward anaphora coreference readings although the languages, such as English, Italian, Russian, and Mandarin, that have been experimentally studied are constrained by Principle C. English allows backward anaphora coreference readings between the pronoun and the antecedent NP for sentences like “While he was dancing, Kermit ate the pizza”, but languages like Russian, Mandarin, and Japanese prohibit the coreference readings for some types of temporal subordinate clauses. In addition to the macrovariation between the English type of languages versus the Russian/Mandarin/Japanese type of languages, a microvariation exists between Mandarin and Japanese. Due to idiosyncratic constraints in Mandarin, the acceptance rate for the coreference reading in sentences with the ‘because’ clause was substantially lower in Mandarin than in Japanese. In this study, we report findings from an experiment on bi-directional L2 acquisition of backward anaphora between Mandarin and Japanese which demonstrate similar mechanisms underlying both macrovariation and microvariation for pronoun resolution of backward anaphora sentences.
Nano gold catalyst preparation and it’s p-nitrophenol catalytic degradation properties
Authors: Jia-li Xiao , Wen-yuan Wen , Long-sheng Zhou , Gui-hua Cao , Dong-fan Liu
Published: November 2024

Cacumen platyclade extracts were utilized as the reducing agent to prepare Au/Al2O3 composites. XRD, BET, SEM, TEM were employed to characterize the properties of the catalyst. The catalytic activity of Au/Al2O3 was studied by using NaBH4 as the reducing agent and nitrophenol as the pollutant. The results showed that the Au/Al2O3 catalyst, calcinated at 400 °C, exhibited the highest catalytic activity. With a catalyst dosage of 1 g L−1, 2 mL NaBH4 of 0.15 mol L−1 could degrade 96.5 % nitrophenol in 21 min at 298 K, with a reaction constant of 0.16 min−1. Furthermore, the p-nitrophenol degradation ratio decreased by 0.8 % after ten cycles.
CDR1as/miR-7-5p/IGF1R axis contributes to the suppression of cell viability in prostate cancer
Authors: Kaya Murat , Suer Ilknur , Aytatli Abdulmelik , Karatas Omer Faruk , Palanduz Sukru , Cefle Kivanc , Ozturk Sukru
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed male cancer and the fifth highest cause of cancer mortality in men. CDR1as has played an essential role in the growth of several malignancies. However, its significance in the progression of prostate cancer has not been investigated. We aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of CDR1as in the development of prostate cancer and identify a new target for diagnostics and treatment.

Methods

CDR1as siRNA and miR-7-5p mimic were transfected into PC3 and DU145 PCa cell lines and their effects on cellular processes were investigated. Cell viability was measured by WST-8 assay. The role of CDR1as and/or miR-7-5p on PCa cell migration was detected using the scratch-wound assay. The apoptotic capacity of the cells was evaluated using the Caspase-3 kit. The potential targets of miR-7-5p were defined via in silico tools. mRNA and protein expression levels of IGF1R and EIF4E were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot assays, respectively. The matching between miR-7-5p and IGF1R was defined via luciferase reporter assay.

Results

Inhibiting CDR1as or restoring miR-7-5p reduced prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration while increasing apoptosis. Silencing CDR1as elevated the expression of miR-7-5p while decreasing IGF1R.

Conclusions

CDR1as functions as a miR-7-5p sponge, increasing IGF1R expression and promoting tumor development.
Zwi Werblowsky, the IAHR, and Religionswissenschaft as ‘Basic Science’
Authors: Wiebe Donald
Published: November 2024

In this essay I set out to defend the objectives of the International Association for the History of Religions (IAHR) to promote ‘religious studies’ in the modern university as a rigorous scientific enterprise in search of descriptive, explanatory, and theoretical knowledge of religious thought and behaviour. More often than not, however, the discipline has been, and currently still is, presented as a ‘life-enhancing-discipline.’ At the tenth IAHR world congress held in Marburg Germany in 1960, the conflict between these incommensurable approaches to the study of religion was resolved by the adoption of a set of ‘basic minimum presuppositions’ for the scientific agenda of the Association. In 2019, the Executive Committee of the IAHR again proposed an expansion of the IAHR’s mandate to include moral, theological, and political concerns. This paper calls for a reaffirmation of the framework for the field adopted in Marburg in 1960.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Posterior Parietal Cortex Increases Nontarget Retrieval during Visual Working Memory
Authors: Ye Shengfeng , Wu Menglin , Yao Congyun , Xue Gui , Cai Ying
Published: November 2024

Visual working memory (VWM) requires precise feature binding. Previous studies have revealed a close relationship between the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and feature binding during VWM; this study further examined their causal relationship through three transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) experiments. In Experiment 1 (N = 57), participants underwent three sessions of tDCS separately, including PPC stimulation, occipital cortex stimulation, and sham stimulation, and completed delayed estimation tasks for orientations before and after stimulation. Results showed that tDCS over PPC selectively prolonged recall response time (RT) and increased the probability of nontarget responses (a.k.a. failure of feature binding,pNT). In Experiment 2 (N = 29), combining metacognition estimation, we further investigated whether the effects of PPC stimulation were attributed to misbinding (i.e., participants self-reported “remembered” in nontarget responses) or informed guessing trials (participants self-reported “forgotten” in nontarget responses). We replicated the main findings in Experiment 1 and observed greater tDCS effects of PPC on RT in informed guessing trials while there are comparable effects onpNT in these two types of trials. In Experiment 3 (N = 28), we then examined whether the tDCS effects over PPC specifically influenced the memory retrieval process by using a change detection task. We found that PPC stimulation did not influence the recognition RT or accuracy. Together, this study provided direct causal evidence supporting the specific involvement of PPC in feature binding during VWM retrieval, from both aspects of speed and response preference, expanding our understanding of the neural basis of feature binding in VWM.
A Multiparadigm Approach to Characterize Dominance Behaviors in CD1 and C57BL6 Male Mice
Authors: Cum Meghan , Santiago Pérez Jocelyn A. , Iwata Ryo L. , Lopez Naeliz , Higgs Aidan , Li Albert , Ye Charles , Wangia Erika , Wright Elizabeth S. , García Restrepo Catalina , Padilla-Coreano Nancy
Published: November 2024

Social status and dominance are critical factors influencing well-being and survival across multiple species. However, dominance behaviors vary widely across species, from elaborate feather displays in birds to aggression in chimps. To effectively study dominance, it is essential to clearly define and reliably measure dominance behaviors. In laboratory settings, C57BL/6 mice are commonly used to study dominance due to their stable and linear social hierarchies. However, other mouse strains are also used for laboratory research. Despite substantial evidence for strain effects on behavioral repertoires, the impact of strain on dominance in mice remains largely unstudied. To address this gap, we compared dominance behaviors between CD1 and C57BL/6 male mice across four assays: observation of agonistic behaviors, urine marking, tube test, and a reward competition. We found that CD1 mice demonstrate increased fighting, increased territorial marking through urination, and increased pushing and resisting in the tube test. We used unsupervised machine learning and pose estimation data from the reward competitions to uncover behavioral differences across strains and across rank differences between competing pairs. Of the four assays, urine marking and agonistic behaviors showed the strongest correlation with dominance in both strains. Most notably, we found that CD1 dominance rankings based on the tube test negatively correlated with rankings from all three other assays, suggesting that the tube test may measure a different behavior in CD1 mice. Our results highlight that behaviors can be strain-specific in mice and studies that measure social rank should consider assays carefully to promote reproducibility.
IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: Phthalate exposure and reproductive effects in rodents: a model for approaches on the protective role of natural products
Authors: Scarano Wellerson Rodrigo , Guerra Marina Trevizan , Perobelli Juliana Elaine , Fernandes Glaura S A , Arena Arielle Cristina , de Aquino Ariana Musa , Rocha Vanessa Aguiar , Magosso Natalia , Souza Patrick Vieira , Barbisan Luis Fernando
Published: November 2024

In brief

Exposure to phthalates, alone or in mixtures, at different periods of development alters the reproductive function of males and females, especially in rodents, where they have been most studied. This review addressed the most recent data (last 10 years) on exposure to phthalates in different scenarios and how the use of natural products could mitigate the harmful effects caused by exposure at different stages of development.

This review article summarizes the experimental findings in rodents published between 2014 and 2024 concerning phthalates exposure and reproductive outcomes. Rodents were chosen for this review because most studies that have focused on developmental aspects in different phases of exposure and that address more in-depth reproductive mechanisms have been carried out in mice and rats. The evidence of adverse effects of phthalates on fetal development and human and animal reproduction is extensive, with impacts ranging from gene expression to physiological alterations. Despite the large volume of scientific papers pointing out the harmful effects of exposure to phthalates, isolated or in mixtures, at different developmental periods, most of them are associated with the maternal exposure and long-term effects in the offspring. Regular vegetables, fruits, fish, dairy products, and whole grains intake rich in bioactive compounds can mitigate the adverse effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in humans and animals at different developmental periods. Various food bioactive compounds (FBCs), such as genistein, resveratrol, lycopene, vitamin E, curcumin, selenium, and plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), present antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and other biological properties with the potential to reduce deleterious effects of phthalates on the reproductive tract. In this review, we aimed to summarize the main studies carried out in the last decade about phthalate exposure and reproductive disorders in males and females (at different developmental critical windows). In addition, we proposed some FBCs and PSMs that could attenuate the main adverse effects caused by phthalate exposure on male reproduction because there is a lack of studies with females.
CYTOARCHITECTONICS OF TUMOURS OF DIFFERENT MOLECULAR SUBTYPES IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER BURDENED BY METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors:   RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Neborets A. ,   State non-profit enterprise “National Cancer Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Naleskina L. ,   RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2024

Summary. It has been proven that breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous pathology that manifests itself not only in the peculiarities of the onset and course of the tumour process, but also in the diversity of the morphological structure of each specific tumour, which significantly complicates the diagnosis, prognosis and choice of treatment tactics. It has also been established that metabolic syndrome (MetS), as one of the key risk factors for the development of BC, is associated with a poorer prognosis of the disease, especially in postmenopausal women (PMW). Aim: to determine the connection between the architectural features of BC in patients of different reproductive status with the presence of MetS and molecular biological characteristics of the tumour, to understand the potential for aggressiveness and further prognosis of the disease. Object and methods: the clinical material of 47 patients with breast cancer of different molecular biological subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, Her-2/neu-positive), reproductive status and the presence of MetS was analysed in a case-control format. Results: it was found that in all patients with tumours of luminal A and B subtypes with signs of hyaline degeneration, the stromal component prevailed over the epithelial component, and only in the Her-2/neu group there were 2 cases with the opposite ratio, as well as proportionally equal to both components. Morphological examination of the tumour tissue of patients with BC revealed retraction artefacts (voids), which, according to the literature, may be the result of interactions of atypical cells with elements of the tumour microenvironment and indicate an unfavourable prognosis. Conclusion: the study made it possible to establish the common features and differences of breast malignancies of different molecular subtypes based on the analysis of the reproductive status of patients and the presence of comorbid metabolic disorders. It is shown that the cytomorphological portraits of the studied neoplasms have certain differences in the cytoarchitectonics of the parenchymal component and the stroma.
INFLUENCE OF COVID-19 AND VACCINATION AGAINST SARS-COV-2 ON THE COURSE OF ONCOHEMATOLOGICAL DISEASES. PART I. GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SARS-COV-2 VARIANTS UPON THE THREE WAVES OF THE PANDEMIC IN UKRAINE
Authors:   RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kovalevska L.M. , Shcherbina V.M. ,   RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kryachok I.A. ,   State non-profit enterprise “National Cancer Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Matveeva A.S. ,   RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kashuba O.V. ,   RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2024

Summary. In Ukraine, COVID-19 was first diagnosed on March 3, 2020 in Chernivtsi. As of April 13, 2024, there are 5,557,995 infected people in Ukraine, of which approximately 2% have died. Currently, COVID-19 has received the status of a seasonal disease, similar to the flu. The largest waves of the epidemic were caused by strains of SRAS-CoV-2 Alpha (first registered in Great Britain), Delta (first registered in India) and Omicron (first registered in South Africa). Currently, the issues of management of oncological patients with COVID-19, the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the course of the disease, the need for vaccination to prevent COVID-19 against the background of oncological diseases, etc., remain unresolved. Moreover, the risk of fatal consequences in hematological oncology patients increases almost twice in case of concomitant coronavirus infection. It should be noted that today there are no markers (factors) that would allow us to determine clear recommendations for the continuation or postponement of chemotherapy against the background of COVID-19, especially in the presence of oncohematological diseases. Undoubtedly, such studies should be conducted in order to improve the overall survival and quality of life of patients with malignant neoplasms.
Optimalizált lipidcsökkentéssel és thrombocytaaggregáció-gátló kezeléssel elérhető potenciális cardiovascularis nyereség akut coronaria szindrómán átesett betegekben – szimulációs elemzés
Authors: Márk László , Gutman Noémi , Vitrai József
Published: November 2024

Bevezetés: A lipidcsökkentés – a mögötte felhalmozódott klinikai
vizsgálati bizonyítékok és az irányelvekben tükröződő jelentős prevenciós
szerepe ellenére – sem a betegek, sem az orvosok értékrendjében nem áll az őt
megillető helyen, nagy távolság van a gyakorlat és az elvek között.
Célkitűzés: A lipidcsökkentő kezelés presztízsének emelése
érdekében az LDL-koleszterin csökkentésének potenciális nyereségét
összehasonlítottuk az általánosan jobban elfogadott thrombocytaaggregáció-gátló
kezelésével. Módszer: A gyulai Békés Megyei Központi Kórház
Pándy Kálmán Tagkórházában 2020. április 1-jétől kezdődően egy éven át akut
coronaria szindróma miatt percutan coronariaintervención átesett 531 beteg
adatait dolgoztuk fel. Szimulációs vizsgálatot végeztünk, melynek során a nagy
klinikai vizsgálatok alapján megbecsültük az optimális lipidcsökkentés és
thrombocytaaggregáció-gátlás egy évre vonatkozó cardiovascularis prevenciós
hatását. Eredmények: Az akut coronaria szindróma miatt kezelt
531 összes beteg esetében, ha az LDL-koleszterin a felvételkor talált 3,37
mmol/l átlagos szinten maradt volna, az indexesemény után egy év alatt 59 nagy
cardiovascularis esemény bekövetkeztével lehetett volna számolni. Ha az
LDL-koleszterint az Európai Kardiológusok Társaságának lipidajánlásában igen
nagy kockázatú célértéknek megadott 1,4 mmol/l-re csökkentenénk le, akkor az
események száma 13-mal, a teoretikus, igen alacsonynak minősíthető, nem célérték
0,5 mmol/l elérésekor pedig 16-tal kevesebb lenne. Az LDL-koleszterin-szint
csökkentésével tehát várhatóan elkerülhető lenne 13, illetve 16 nagy
cardiovascularis esemény. Ha thrombocytaaggregáció-gátlásra csak aszpirint
kapnának a betegek, egy év alatt 14, aszpirin és klopidogrél kombinációval 17,
aszpirint és praszugrélt vagy tikagrelort együtt adva 20-20 esemény lenne
megelőzhető. Megbeszélés: Az LDL-koleszterin-célértékek
elérésének alacsony arányai alapján a lipidcsökkentő kezelés optimalizálásában
világszerte jelentős tartalékok vannak. A kardiológiai gyakorlat egyik
legsérülékenyebb betegcsoportjában, az akut coronaria szindrómán átesett
betegekben a vizsgálat eredményei szerint a lipidcsökkentéssel és a
thrombocytaaggregáció-gátlással hasonló mértékű csökkenést lehetne elérni a nagy
cardiovascularis események számában. Következtetés: A
szimulációs vizsgálat a kétféle beavatkozás összemérhető cardiovascularis
hasznát igazolja. Mivel az irányelvekben előírt LDL-koleszterin-célértékek
elérési aránya nem megfelelő – amiben az orvosok terápiás tehetetlensége nagy
szerepet játszik –, reményeink szerint eredményeink meggyőzik a kollégákat
arról, hogy nagyobb figyelmet kell fordítani az optimálisabb lipidcsökkentésre.
Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(44): 1746–1752.
Grebe, M., and Grössl, J. (2023). T and T Clark Handbook of Suffering and the Problem of Evil
Authors: Swift Chris
Published: November 2024

Grebe, M., and Grössl, J. (2023). T&T Clark Handbook of Suffering and the Problem of Evil. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 727 pp. ISBN: 9780567682437 (hbk); 9780567682451 (ebook).
Practice research in free improvisation
Authors: Prazeres Gonçalo
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on interaction processes during the performance of free improvisation in the jazz idiom, and their correlation to the construction of individual musical identities. In this article, I regard musical identity as an artistic, dynamic and personal process characterized by continual communication, construction and negotiation with the surrounding social and cultural environment. Interaction, just like improvisation, is a fundamental defining element in jazz and free improvisation, playing a crucial role in shaping the musical identity of each musician during their performance. This is presented here as analogous to the moulding of individual identity in our everyday social interactions. This research is based on the author’s active participation in improvisation sessions and interviews with professional jazz musicians based in Lisbon, Portugal. Additionally, it explores how the context of free improvisation, when musical restrictions are minimized, intensifies the focus on the interactive improvisational process. This attribute makes free improvisation an ideal terrain for research on interaction and its relation with musical identity.
Sistema de protección de los derechos de los sujetos en la Iglesia y posibilidad de Tribunales nacionales «ratione materiæ»
Authors: Gherri Paolo
Published: November 2024

Lo que el ordenamiento canónico ofrece a los diversos sujetos no es un “sistema” de protecciones, sino un conjunto desorganizado de procedimientos y procesos, en los que a menudo la “materia” no desempeña un papel suficiente con respecto a los autores de los actos que han de juzgarse. Esto deja amplias zonas grises en las que no puede obtenerse protección alguna. La situación no mejorará hasta que la “materia” prevalezca sobre los sujetos implicados. Desde esta perspectiva, la solución no está en el Tribunal ratione materiæ, sino en el proceso ratione materiæ.
Identification of the electric motor mathematical model based on a data sample with feature engineering
Authors: Korotynskyi Anton , Zhuchenko Liudmyla , Tsapar Vitalii , Savula Andrii
Published: November 2024

The object of this study is a mathematical model of a synchronous electric motor, obtained on the basis of experimental data, which takes into account the temperature mode and uses artificial features to increase the accuracy of its operation. A characteristic feature of this work is that the model takes into account the temperature mode as a component of the technical-operational state of the object. The resulting mathematical model could make it possible to synthesize an optimal automatic control system in terms of the operational state of the object.
The problem addressed was to increase the accuracy of the identified mathematical models by applying the approach of feature engineering.
The results showed that the identification of mathematical models by the initial data leads to a low level of accuracy of the obtained models, namely 65–70 % for the first output channel, 80–85 % for the second, and 75–80 % for the third, fourth, and fifth output channels.
Accordingly, building models with a higher threshold of accuracy requires the use of other, more significant data for identification. This paper reports a method for reformatting the original data into artificial features and provides results of their effectiveness in relation to the original channels.
The resulting artificial features and the original features were used for further identification; the resulting mathematical model has on average higher accuracy thresholds, namely 82 %, 93 %, 88 %, 85 % for the corresponding output channels. The results prove the effectiveness of applying the principle of feature engineering since the accuracy of the resulting model is 5–10 % higher compared to the baseline.
The scope of practical application of the results includes the synthesis of automatic control systems based on mathematical models of control objects obtained as a result of identification.
Building a model of oil tank water cooling in the case of fire
Authors: Basmanov Oleksii , Oliinyk Volodymyr , Afanasenko Kostiantyn , Hryhorenko Oleksandr , Kalchenko Yaroslav
Published: November 2024

The object of this study is the process of liquid combustion in spillage, and the subject is the temperature distribution along the wall of a vertical steel tank when it is heated under the thermal influence of fire and cooled by water. A system of equations describing the water cooling of the wall of a vertical steel tank under the conditions of the thermal effect of a fire spilling a flammable liquid has been constructed. The system consists of a heat balance equation for the tank wall, a heat balance equation for the water film flowing over the wall, and a mass balance equation for the water film. The equations take into account the radiative heat exchange with the flame, the environment, the internal space of the tank, as well as the convective heat exchange with the surrounding air, the vapor-air mixture, and the liquid inside the tank, as well as between the water film and the wall. The joint solution to the system of equations makes it possible to determine the temperature distribution along the tank wall and the water film at an arbitrary time point, as well as to determine the thickness and flow rate of the water film at a certain point.
The finite difference method was used to solve the system of heat and mass balance equations. It is shown that the insufficient intensity of water supply for cooling leads to boiling of water from the film, as a result of which the wall temperature in such areas can reach 300 °C. A delay in the supply of water, even with sufficient intensity, could lead to the establishment of a film-like mode of boiling. In such a situation, the water film is thrown away from the wall, as a result of which the part of the wall below the film boiling zone remains without cooling. The practical significance of the built model is the possibility of determining the necessary intensity of water supply for cooling the tank and the limit time for the start of cooling
Воспалительные заболевания кишечника и молочные продукты
Authors: Хавкин А. И. , Богданова Н. М. , Налетов А. В. , Мацынина М. А. , Ерохина М. И.
Published: November 2024

На сегодняшний день в большинстве стран Европы и Северной Америки наблюдается неуклонный рост распространенности воспалительных заболеваний кишечника (ВЗК). Данных о взаимосвязи употребления молочных продуктов и развития ВЗК немного, несмотря на вероятные биологические механизмы, связывающие данные продукты с этиопатогенезом заболевания. Исключение из рациона молочных продуктов обычно связано с возникновением диспепсических симптомов при их употреблении, что может указывать на обострение воспалительного процесса в кишечнике или о наличии лактазной недостаточности. Для пациентов с ВЗК характерна высокая распространенность остеопороза, а ограничение употребления молочных продуктов оказывает еще большее негативное влияние на состояние минеральной плотности костей. В свою очередь, коррекция диетотерапии у пациентов с ВЗК при наличии у них непереносимости молочных продуктов должна быть важной частью процесса лечения и профилактики осложнений заболевания.
Clarification of the Methodology for Determining the Characteristics of Cable Cars
Authors: Kuropiatnyk O. S. , Krasnoshchok O. L.
Published: November 2024

Purpose. The aim of this study is to clarify the methodology and develop an algorithm for determining the characteristics of cable cars of traditional design and with self-propelled cars, taking into account new factors of influence. Methodology. An analysis of existing methods for determining the characteristics of cable cars of various designs was carried out. This goal was achieved by taking into account the weight of the individual drive and the actual angle of the car's elevation relative to the horizon for a self-propelled car; the influence of the coefficient of adhesion of the rope to the tension pulley and the angle of envelopment of the rope around the tension pulley for a traditional cable car. To determine the required drive power of a cable car with self-propelled cars, the influence of the weight of an individual self-propelled car drive and the actual angle of the self-propelled car relative to the horizon are taken into account by the method of force analysis. For traditional cable cars, the contour traversal method is used, which takes into account the coefficient of adhesion of the rope to the tension pulley, as well as the angle of envelopment of the tension pulley by the rope. Findings. The dependencies of the required drive power on the design parameters of the cable car were obtained, taking into account new factors of influence. The choice of a specific methodology for calculating the required power is justified in accordance with the selected type of road and the initial data. The results obtained can be supplemented by performing additional calculations using the formulas given in this paper. The presented algorithms for determining the characteristics of a cable car using the refined methodology allow, at the programming level, to develop software for accurately calculating the value of the required drive power. Originality. The dependence of the required drive power on the characteristics of the cable car was clarified by taking into account additional factors, which made it possible to more accurately assess their impact on the final result. Practical value. The results of this work can be used in the design of energy-efficient cable cars, for which the electric motor is selected according to a refined methodology that takes into account more factors affecting the required drive power.