bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Better Bottom-Up Estimates of Wetland Methane Emissions
Authors: Scharping Nathaniel
Published: September 2023

Limited monitoring of methane emissions from tropical wetlands could be obscuring these environments’ role in climate change.
Carbon Stocks and Recent Rates of Carbon Sequestration in Nutrient‐Rich Freshwater Wetlands From Lake Simcoe Watershed (Southern Canada)
Authors: Pendea I. F. , Kanavillil N. , Kurissery S. , Chmura G. L.
Published: September 2023

We examined soil properties and accumulation rates over the last ca. 100 years in four swamps and four marshes in southern Canada where these wetlands are common but under increasing anthropogenic pressure. One 50‐cm long core was collected from each wetland and analyzed to determine bulk density (BD) and organic matter (OM). Lead‐210 and cesium‐137 dating were used to estimate sediment accumulation rates. In the datable portion of each core, we determined the organic carbon (Corg), nitrogen (N), Corg/OM, Corg/N, Corg density, Corg stocks, and Corg accumulation rates. All parameters but one—Corg accumulation rates—were significantly different in swamps compared to marshes and between seasonally wet soils and those regularly flooded. Since 1950, Corg stocks varied from 6 to 13.6 kg m−2 with ≈23% more Corg in swamps than in marshes. When hydrology and deeper soils where considered, Corg stocks in regularly flooded wetlands were 60% higher than those of seasonally wet systems, emphasizing the role of hydrology in building up C stocks long‐term. Our measurements are within the wide range reported for similar systems in North America. The average rate of Corg accumulation in the studied wetlands (112 ± 87 g m−2 yr−1) is ≈50% higher than that of oligotrophic/ombrotrophic peatlands, but ≈47% lower than in tidal marshes from eastern Canada. Our study lends support to the case for wetland restoration through re‐wetting as an important nature‐based climate solution for mitigation of GHG emissions in areas where they were drained for agriculture and other purposes.
Discharge‐Mediated Temperature Management in a Large, Regulated River, With Implications for Management of Endangered Fish
Authors: Michel C. J. , Daniels M. E. , Danner E. M.
Published: September 2023

For large, regulated rivers, operators can impact abiotic conditions for the benefit of the ecosystem, primarily by controlling the volume of discharge from upstream reservoirs. Understanding the decision space around discharge is necessary for evaluating tradeoffs between environmental and other objectives. As a result of climate change, warming water temperatures are increasingly becoming a concern for thermally‐sensitive fauna. In California's largest river, the Sacramento, extinction risk of salmon populations is linked to high water temperatures. Yet, little is known about how much water temperature in lower reaches can be affected by reservoir discharge operations, and the potential benefits to salmon. We used a process‐based water temperature model to estimate the ability of reservoir discharge to mediate river temperature heating processes impacting downstream locations (discharge‐mediated temperature management). To bound this analysis, we used historical forcings over a recent 29‐year span. Results indicate reservoir discharge increases of up to 340 cms over the historical record could have decreased water temperature in the lower reaches by up to 3.6°C. Salmon require water below 20°C during most stages of their lifecycle, and we found that normative water operations could ensure 20°C was rarely exceeded for two potential management seasons, in late‐spring and early‐fall. These periods coincide with important rearing and migratory periods for salmon, during which they frequently experience excessive temperatures under the management status‐quo. This analysis provides stakeholders tools to manage conditions for native fauna in the face of a warming climate, and a framework for developing similar tools in other large, regulated rivers.
Impact of genetic patterns on sorafenib efficacy in patients with FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a multi-center, cohort study
Authors: Shao Ruoyang , Zhang Yu , He Jinping , Huang Fen , Fan Zhiping , Yang Kaibo , Xu Yajing , Xu Na , Luo Yi , Deng Lan , Zhang Xi , Chen Jia , Han Mingzhe , Li Xudong , Yu Sijian , Liu Hui , Liang Xinquan , Luo Xiaodan , Shi Pengcheng , Wang Zhixiang , Jiang Ling , Zhou Xuan , Lin Ren , Chen Yan , Tu Sanfang , Sun Jing , Wang Yu , Liu Qifa , Xuan Li
Published: September 2023

Sorafenib therapy improves overall survival (OS) in patients with FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We explored the efficacy of sorafenib therapy in this population with different concomitant genetic patterns. In this multi-center, cohort study, we enrolled patients with FLT3-ITD AML undergoing allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Patients with sorafenib maintenance post-transplantation for at least four weeks were allocated to the sorafenib group, and otherwise to the control group. Endpoints were OS, disease-free survival, and relapse for the whole cohort and OS for genetic pattern subgroups. Among 613 patients enrolled, 275 were in the sorafenib and 338 the control group. Median follow-up was 36.5 (interquartile range (IQR), 25.2–44.7) months post-transplantation. The 3-year OS post-transplantation was 79.6% (95% confidential interval (CI) 74.8%–84.6%) and 65.2% (95% CI 60.3%–70.6%) (Hazard ratio (HR) 0.50, 95% CI 0.37–0.69; P < 0.0001) in both groups. Sorafenib maintenance post-transplantation improved OS in the favorable (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.14–0.77; P = 0.011) and adverse (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33–0.93; P = 0.026) ELN 2017 risk subgroups. Patients with mutated NPM1, DNMT3A, co-occurring NPM1/DNMT3A, “activated signaling” and “DNA methylation” genes benefited in OS from sorafenib maintenance, while those carrying CEBPA, “tumor suppressors” and “myeloid transcription factors” genes did not. Patients with FLT3-ITDhigh and FLT3-ITDlow AML both benefited in OS from sorafenib maintenance. Our results identify the response of genetic patterns to sorafenib maintenance, providing new viewpoints for the optimal use of sorafenib in FLT3-ITD AML in the transplantation setting.
Broadly neutralizing antibodies derived from the earliest COVID-19 convalescents protect mice from SARS-CoV-2 variants challenge
Authors: Liu Qianyun , Zhao Haiyan , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Zhen , Huang Rui , Gu Mengxue , Zhuang Ke , Xiong Qing , Chen Xianying , Yu Weiyi , Qian Shengnan , Zhang Yuzhen , Tan Xue , Zhang Muyi , Yu Feiyang , Guo Ming , Huang Zhixiang , Wang Xin , Xiang Wenjie , Wu Bihao , Mei Fanghua , Cai Kun , Zhou Limin , Zhou Li , Wu Ying , Yan Huan , Cao Sheng , Lan Ke , Chen Yu
Published: September 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported three years ago, when a group of individuals were infected with the original SARS-CoV-2 strain, based on which vaccines were developed. Here, we develop six human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from two elite convalescents in Wuhan and show that these mAbs recognize diverse epitopes on the receptor binding domain (RBD) and can inhibit the infection of SARS-CoV-2 original strain and variants of concern (VOCs) to varying degrees, including Omicron strains XBB and XBB.1.5. Of these mAbs, the two most broadly and potently neutralizing mAbs (7B3 and 14B1) exhibit prophylactic activity against SARS-CoV-2 WT infection and therapeutic effects against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant challenge in K18-hACE2 KI mice. Furthermore, post-exposure treatment with 7B3 protects mice from lethal Omicron variants infection. Cryo-EM analysis of the spike trimer complexed with 14B1 or 7B3 reveals that these two mAbs bind partially overlapped epitopes onto the RBD of the spike, and sterically disrupt the binding of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) to RBD. Our results suggest that mAbs with broadly neutralizing activity against different SARS-CoV-2 variants are present in COVID-19 convalescents infected by the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain, indicating that people can benefit from former infections or vaccines despite the extensive immune escape of SARS-CoV-2.
Local BMP2 hydrogel therapy for robust bone regeneration in a porcine model of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Authors: Ma Chi , Park Min Sung , Alves do Monte Felipe , Gokani Vishal , Aruwajoye Olumide O. , Ren Yinshi , Liu Xiaohua , Kim Harry K. W.
Published: September 2023

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is juvenile idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) that has no effective clinical treatment. Previously, local injection of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) for ONFH treatment showed a heterogeneous bone repair and a high incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) due to the BMP2 leakage. Here, we developed a BMP2-hydrogel treatment via a transphyseal bone wash and subsequential injection of BMP2-loaded hydrogel. In vitro studies showed that a hydrogel of gelatin-heparin-tyramine retained the BMP2 for four weeks. The injection of the hydrogel can efficiently prevent leakage. With the bone wash, the injected hydrogel had a broad distribution in the head. In vivo studies on pigs revealed that the BMP2-hydrogel treatment produced a homogeneous bone regeneration without HO. It preserved the subchondral contour and restored the subchondral endochondral ossification, although it increased growth plate fusions. In summary, the study demonstrated a promising BMP2-hydrogel treatment for ONFH treatment, especially for teenagers.
Warming up cool cooperators
Authors: Ferguson Eamonn , Lawrence Claire , Bowen Sarah , Gemelli Carley N. , Rozsa Amy , Niekrasz Konrad , van Dongen Anne , Williams Lisa A. , Thijsen Amanda , Guerin Nicola , Masser Barbara , Davison Tanya E.
Published: September 2023

Explaining why someone repeats high-cost cooperation towards non-reciprocating strangers is difficult. Warm glow offers an explanation. We argue that warm glow, as a mechanism to sustain long-term cooperation, cools off over time but can be warmed up with a simple intervention message. We tested our predictions in the context of repeat voluntary blood donation (high-cost helping of a non-reciprocating stranger) across 6 studies: a field-based experiment (n = 5,821) comparing warm-glow and impure-altruism messages; an implementation study comparing a 3-yr pre-implementation period among all first-time donors in Australia (N = 270,353) with a 2-yr post-implementation period (N = 170, 317); and 4 studies (n = 716, 1,124, 932, 1,592) exploring mechanisms. We show that there are relatively warm and cool cooperators, not cooling cooperators. Cooperation among cool cooperators is enhanced by a warm-glow-plus-identity message. Furthermore, the behavioural facilitation of future cooperation, by booking an appointment, is associated with being a warm cooperator. Societal implications are discussed.
Mismatch repair deficiency is not sufficient to elicit tumor immunogenicity
Authors: Westcott Peter M. K. , Muyas Francesc , Hauck Haley , Smith Olivia C. , Sacks Nathan J. , Ely Zackery A. , Jaeger Alex M. , Rideout William M. , Zhang Daniel , Bhutkar Arjun , Beytagh Mary C. , Canner David A. , Jaramillo Grissel C. , Bronson Roderick T. , Naranjo Santiago , Jin Abbey , Patten J. J. , Cruz Amanda M. , Shanahan Sean-Luc , Cortes-Ciriano Isidro , Jacks Tyler
Published: September 2023

DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) is associated with a high tumor mutational burden (TMB) and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Nevertheless, most MMRd tumors do not durably respond to ICB and critical questions remain about immunosurveillance and TMB in these tumors. In the present study, we developed autochthonous mouse models of MMRd lung and colon cancer. Surprisingly, these models did not display increased T cell infiltration or ICB response, which we showed to be the result of substantial intratumor heterogeneity of mutations. Furthermore, we found that immunosurveillance shapes the clonal architecture but not the overall burden of neoantigens, and T cell responses against subclonal neoantigens are blunted. Finally, we showed that clonal, but not subclonal, neoantigen burden predicts ICB response in clinical trials of MMRd gastric and colorectal cancer. These results provide important context for understanding immune evasion in cancers with a high TMB and have major implications for therapies aimed at increasing TMB.
A genome-wide in vivo CRISPR screen identifies essential regulators of T cell migration to the CNS in a multiple sclerosis model
Authors: Kendirli Arek , de la Rosa Clara , Lämmle Katrin F. , Eglseer Klara , Bauer Isabel J. , Kavaka Vladyslav , Winklmeier Stephan , Zhuo La , Wichmann Christian , Gerdes Lisa Ann , Kümpfel Tania , Dornmair Klaus , Beltrán Eduardo , Kerschensteiner Martin , Kawakami Naoto
Published: September 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves the infiltration of autoreactive T cells into the CNS, yet we lack a comprehensive understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate this process. Here, we conducted a genome-wide in vivo CRISPR screen in a rat MS model and identified 5 essential brakes and 18 essential facilitators of T cell migration to the CNS. While the transcription factor ETS1 limits entry to the CNS by controlling T cell responsiveness, three functional modules, centered around the adhesion molecule α4-integrin, the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and the GRK2 kinase, are required for CNS migration of autoreactive CD4+ T cells. Single-cell analysis of T cells from individuals with MS confirmed that the expression of these essential regulators correlates with the propensity of CD4+ T cells to reach the CNS. Our data thus reveal key regulators of the fundamental step in the induction of MS lesions.
Shear modulus reduction and damping ratios curves joined with engineering geological units in Italy
Authors: Gaudiosi Iolanda , Romagnoli Gino , Albarello Dario , Fortunato Carolina , Imprescia Paola , Stigliano Francesco , Moscatelli Massimiliano
Published: September 2023

Numerical simulations of seismic site response require the characterization of the nonlinear behaviour of shallow subsoil. When extensive evaluations are of concern, as in the case of seismic microzonation studies, funding problems prevent from the systematic use of laboratory tests to provide detailed evaluations. For this purpose, 485 shear modulus reduction, G\G0(γ) and damping ratio, D(γ) curves were collected from multiple literature sources available in Italy. Each curve was associated with the related engineering geological units considered in seismic microzonation studies. A statistical analysis of the data was carried out with the aim of shedding light on the significant difference between the laboratory classification of samples and the macroscopic/engineering geological one, provided during seismic microzonation studies. Since the engineering geological classification plays a prominent role in extensive site response evaluations, the outcomes of the present work may be of help at least when preliminary seismic response estimates are of concern. The dataset provides reference information that can serve as key data for large-scale hazard assessments worldwide.
A dataset on African bats’ functional traits
Authors: Cosentino Francesca , Castiello Giorgia , Maiorano Luigi
Published: September 2023

Trait-based approaches are becoming extremely common in ecological modeling and the availability of traits databases is increasing. However, data availability is often biased towards particular regions and taxa, with many taxa (e.g., bats) often under-represented. Here, we present the AfroBaT dataset, a compilation of trait data on 320 African bat species containing 76,914 values for 86 traits focusing on morphology, reproduction, life-history, trophic ecology, and species distributions. All data were gathered from published literature following the ecological trait-data standard procedure. Missing data for both numerical and categorical traits were imputed with a machine learning approach including species phylogeny. Trophic ecology traits showed the highest coverage in the literature (72% of the species averaged over all traits), while reproductive traits the lowest. Our data imputation improved the coverage of AfroBaT especially for reproductive traits, going from 27% to 58% of the species covered. AfroBaT has a range of potential applications in macroecology and community ecology, and the availability of open-access data on African bats will enable collaboration and data-sharing among researchers.
Application of problem based learning (PBL) and case based learning (CBL) in the teaching of international classification of diseases encoding
Authors: Yang Wanjun , Li Hui , Su Aonan , Ding Liping
Published: September 2023

To study the application of PBL combined with CBL teaching mode in the teaching of international classification of diseases (ICD) encoding, so as to improve students' grasp of ICD encoding knowledge. From March 2020 to June 2020, 50 students majoring in health information management who were interns in a Grade A general hospital were selected as the research participants and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 25 in each group. The experimental group and the control group adopted the PBL combined CBL teaching mode and the traditional teaching mode respectively to carry out the classification and coding teaching. The academic achievement of the two groups of students was evaluated by means of achievement assessment and questionnaire survey based on information processing theory. The scores of theoretical knowledge in the experimental group and the control group were 79.78 ± 8.55 and 70.92 ± 10.81, respectively, and the scores of skill operation in the two groups were 79.76 ± 8.28 and 70.00 ± 10.41, respectively. The test scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The scores of knowledge acquisition ability of experimental group and control group were 16.72 ± 1.79 and 16.60 ± 2.36, the scores of knowledge sharing ability were 24.20 ± 2.61 and 21.00 ± 2.65, the scores of knowledge storage ability were 20.80 ± 2.47 and 17.24 ± 4.90, respectively. The scores of knowledge application ability were 14.00 ± 1.80 and 11.00 ± 2.69, the scores of knowledge innovation ability were 20.16 ± 2.34 and 18.08 ± 3.70, and the total scores were 95.88 ± 6.08 and 83.92 ± 11.30, respectively. The scores of all questionnaires in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group. The scores of knowledge sharing ability, knowledge storage ability, knowledge application ability, knowledge innovation ability and total score between the two groups were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). PBL combined with CBL teaching model has good academic achievement in ICD encoding teaching, which can significantly improve academic performance and learning ability, and is worthy of promotion.
Estimating of gases emission from waste sites to generate electrical energy as a case study at Al-Hillah City in Iraq
Authors: Chabuk Ali , Jahad Udai A. , Majdi Ali , Majdi Hasan S. H. , Isam Mubeen , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Laue Jan
Published: September 2023

Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas resulting from human activities, especially landfills, and it has many potential environmental issues, such as its major role in global warming. On the other hand, methane can be converted to liquid fuel or electricity using chemical conversion or gas turbine generators. Therefore, reusing such gases could be of great environmental and economic benefit. In this context, this study aims to estimate the emissions of methane gas from the landfills in Al-Hillah City, Iraq, from 2023 to 2070 and the producible electric energy from this amount. The estimating process was carried out using the Land GEM model and compared with traditional models. The obtained results demonstrated that the total estimated landfill methane emissions for 48 years are 875,217 tons, and the average annual methane emission is 18,234 tons based on a yearly waste accumulation rate of 1,046,413 tons and a total waste amount of 50,227,808 tons. The anticipated loads of methane gas can be utilized to generate about 287,442 MW/year of electricity from 2023 to 2070. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study could be evidence of the potential environmental and economic benefits of harvesting and reusing methane gas from landfills.
Enhanced machine learning—ensemble method for estimation of oil formation volume factor at reservoir conditions
Authors: Kharazi Esfahani Parsa , Peiro Ahmady Langeroudy Kiana , Khorsand Movaghar Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2023

Since the oil formation volume factor (Bo) is crucial for various calculations in petroleum engineering, such as estimating original oil in place, fluid flow in the porous reservoir medium, and production from wells, this parameter is predicted using conventional methods including experimental tests, correlations, Equations of State, and artificial intelligence models. As a substitute to conventional black oil methods, the compositional oil method has been recently used for accurately predicting the oil formation volume factor. Although oil composition is essential for estimating this parameter, it is time-consuming and cost-intensive to obtain through laboratory analysis. Therefore, the input parameter of dissolved gas in oil has been used as a representative of the amount of light components in oil, which is an effective factor in determining oil volume changes, along with other parameters, including pressure, API gravity, and reservoir temperature. This study created machine learning models utilizing Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) techniques, which also incorporated Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), GradientBoosting, and CatBoost. A comparison of the results with recent correlations and machine learning methods adopting a compositional approach by implementing tree-based bagging methods: Extra Trees (ETs), Random Forest (RF), and Decision Trees (DTs), is then performed. Statistical and graphical indicators demonstrate that the XGBoost model outperforms the other models in estimating the Bo parameter across the reservoir pressure region (above and below bubble point pressure); the new method has significantly improved the accuracy of the compositional method, as the average absolute relative deviation is now only 0.2598%, which is four times lower than the previous (compositional approach) error rate. The findings of this study can be used for precise prediction of the volumetric properties of hydrocarbon reservoir fluids without the need for conducting routine laboratory analyses by only employing wellhead data.
Vitamin D status in non-pregnant women of reproductive age: a study in Southern Thailand
Authors: Jaruratanasirikul Somchit , Boonrusmee Sasivara , Kasemsripitak Staporn , Saengkaew Tansit , Chimrung Kanjana , Sriplung Hutcha
Published: September 2023

Vitamin D inadequacy is a global problem in all age groups. Although there are various studies of vitamin D status in pregnant women in Southeast Asia, to date there are few studies from Southeast Asia examining vitamin D status in non-pregnant women of reproductive age. To examine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) in healthy non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Southern Thailand, 120 healthy non-pregnant women aged 18–42 years were enrolled. Demographic and lifestyle data relevant to vitamin D assessment (sunlight exposure, nutritional intake, type of dress, sunscreen use) and biochemical studies (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25OHD, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate) were obtained. VDI was classified as serum 25OHD < 20 ng/mL. The average serum 25OHD level was 23.1 ± 6.0 ng/mL. The overall prevalence of VDI was 34.1%. The average dietary intake of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D and the average duration of sunlight exposure per week were not significantly different between the VDI women and the vitamin D sufficient (VDS) women. Logistic regression analysis found that the significant risk factors for VDI were greater body mass index and higher family income (p-values 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). The prevalence of VDI in non-pregnant women was high at 34%. As the dietary sources of vitamin D are limited and cutaneous vitamin D synthesis is limited by avoidance of sunlight exposure, vitamin D fortification in common daily foods would be an alternative option to reach the recommended vitamin D intake generally of at least 800 IU/day.
Factors associated with 1-year outcomes and transient intraocular pressure elevation in minimally invasive glaucoma surgery using Kahook Dual Blades
Authors: Sakamoto Tomoaki , Nisiwaki Hirokazu
Published: September 2023

In this retrospective case–control study, we aimed to investigate the mid- to long-term outcomes and factors involved in minimally invasive glaucoma surgery using the Kahook Dual Blade. Of the 229 cases since 2018 in which the dual blades were used for glaucoma surgery at the Tenri Hospital, 133 eyes of 98 patients who followed up for more than 3 months were included. Intraocular pressure (IOP), number of drops score, and need for reoperation were evaluated on day 1 and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Intraocular pressure spikes occurred in 25 patients postoperatively (18.8%), occurring at approximately 4.5 days (1–10.25). The preoperative number of eye drops used and ocular axial length were found to be associated with the occurrence of spikes (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.02–2.06; P = 0.025 and OR = 1.41, 95% CI 0.98–1.25; P = 0.072, respectively). At the 12-month mark, no significant relationship was found between the presence of spikes or incisional extent scores and the amount of change in IOP and number of drops scores. Patients with severe visual field impairment, high preoperative IOP and drop scores, and long ocular axial length may require more frequent follow-ups after surgery to check for spikes.
A translational perspective towards clinical AI fairness
Authors: Liu Mingxuan , Ning Yilin , Teixayavong Salinelat , Mertens Mayli , Xu Jie , Ting Daniel Shu Wei , Cheng Lionel Tim-Ee , Ong Jasmine Chiat Ling , Teo Zhen Ling , Tan Ting Fang , RaviChandran Narrendar , Wang Fei , Celi Leo Anthony , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Liu Nan
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated the ability to extract insights from data, but the fairness of such data-driven insights remains a concern in high-stakes fields. Despite extensive developments, issues of AI fairness in clinical contexts have not been adequately addressed. A fair model is normally expected to perform equally across subgroups defined by sensitive variables (e.g., age, gender/sex, race/ethnicity, socio-economic status, etc.). Various fairness measurements have been developed to detect differences between subgroups as evidence of bias, and bias mitigation methods are designed to reduce the differences detected. This perspective of fairness, however, is misaligned with some key considerations in clinical contexts. The set of sensitive variables used in healthcare applications must be carefully examined for relevance and justified by clear clinical motivations. In addition, clinical AI fairness should closely investigate the ethical implications of fairness measurements (e.g., potential conflicts between group- and individual-level fairness) to select suitable and objective metrics. Generally defining AI fairness as “equality” is not necessarily reasonable in clinical settings, as differences may have clinical justifications and do not indicate biases. Instead, “equity” would be an appropriate objective of clinical AI fairness. Moreover, clinical feedback is essential to developing fair and well-performing AI models, and efforts should be made to actively involve clinicians in the process. The adaptation of AI fairness towards healthcare is not self-evident due to misalignments between technical developments and clinical considerations. Multidisciplinary collaboration between AI researchers, clinicians, and ethicists is necessary to bridge the gap and translate AI fairness into real-life benefits.
A randomized trial of a mobile health intervention to augment cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Golbus Jessica R. , Gupta Kashvi , Stevens Rachel , Jeganathan V.Swetha E. , Luff Evan , Shi Jieru , Dempsey Walter , Boyden Thomas , Mukherjee Bhramar , Kohnstamm Sarah , Taralunga Vlad , Kheterpal Vik , Murphy Susan , Klasnja Predrag , Kheterpal Sachin , Nallamothu Brahmajee K.
Published: September 2023

Mobile health (mHealth) interventions may enhance positive health behaviors, but randomized trials evaluating their efficacy are uncommon. Our goal was to determine if a mHealth intervention augmented and extended benefits of center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for physical activity levels at 6-months. We delivered a randomized clinical trial to low and moderate risk patients with a compatible smartphone enrolled in CR at two health systems. All participants received a compatible smartwatch and usual CR care. Intervention participants received a mHealth intervention that included a just-in-time-adaptive intervention (JITAI) as text messages. The primary outcome was change in remote 6-minute walk distance at 6-months stratified by device type. Here we report the results for 220 participants enrolled in the study (mean [SD]: age 59.6 [10.6] years; 67 [30.5%] women). For our primary outcome at 6 months, there is no significant difference in the change in 6 min walk distance across smartwatch types (Intervention versus control: +31.1 meters Apple Watch, −7.4 meters Fitbit; p = 0.28). Secondary outcomes show no difference in mean step counts between the first and final weeks of the study, but a change in 6 min walk distance at 3 months for Fitbit users. Amongst patients enrolled in center-based CR, a mHealth intervention did not improve 6-month outcomes but suggested differences at 3 months in some users.
The effects of maternal care on the developmental transcriptome and metatranscriptome of a wild bee
Authors: Chau Katherine D. , Shamekh Mariam , Huisken Jesse , Rehan Sandra M.
Published: September 2023

Maternal care acts as a strong environmental stimulus that can induce phenotypic plasticity in animals and may also alter their microbial communities through development. Here, we characterize the developmental metatranscriptome of the small carpenter bee,Ceratina calcarata, across developmental stages and in the presence or absence of mothers. Maternal care had the most influence during early development, with the greatest number and magnitude of differentially expressed genes between maternal care treatments, and enrichment for transcription factors regulating immune response in motherless early larvae. Metatranscriptomic data revealed fungi to be the most abundant group in the microbiome, withAspergillusthe most abundant in early larvae raised without mothers. Finally, integrative analysis between host transcriptome and metatranscriptome highlights several fungi correlating with developmental and immunity genes. Our results provide characterizations of the influence of maternal care on gene expression and the microbiome through development in a wild bee.
Speg interactions that regulate the stability of excitation-contraction coupling protein complexes in triads and dyads
Authors: Lee Chang Seok , Jung Sung Yun , Yee Rachel Sue Zhen , Agha Nadia H. , Hong Jin , Chang Ting , Babcock Lyle W. , Fleischman Jorie D. , Clayton Benjamin , Hanna Amy D. , Ward Christopher S. , Lanza Denise , Hurley Ayrea E. , Zhang Pumin , Wehrens Xander H. T. , Lagor William R. , Rodney George G. , Hamilton Susan L.
Published: September 2023

Here we show that striated muscle preferentially expressed protein kinase α (Spegα) maintains cardiac function in hearts with Spegβ deficiency. Speg is required for stability of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) complexes and interacts with esterase D (Esd), Cardiomyopathy-Associated Protein 5 (Cmya5), and Fibronectin Type III and SPRY Domain Containing 2 (Fsd2) in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Mice with a sequence encoding a V5/HA tag inserted into the first exon of the Speg gene (HA-Speg mice) display a >90% decrease in Spegβ but Spegα is expressed at ~50% of normal levels. Mice deficient in both Spegα and Speg β (Speg KO mice) develop a severe dilated cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness and atrophy, but HA-Speg mice display mild muscle weakness with no cardiac involvement. Spegα in HA-Speg mice suppresses Ca2+ leak, proteolytic cleavage of Jph2, and disruption of transverse tubules. Despite it’s low levels, HA-Spegβ immunoprecipitation identified Esd, Cmya5 and Fsd2 as Spegβ binding partners that localize to triads and dyads to stabilize ECC complexes. This study suggests that Spegα and Spegβ display functional redundancy, identifies Esd, Cmya5 and Fsd2 as components of both cardiac dyads and skeletal muscle triads and lays the groundwork for the identification of new therapeutic targets for centronuclear myopathy.
Time-domain photonic image processor based on speckle projection and reservoir computing
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomoya , Arai Kohei , Niiyama Tomoaki , Uchida Atsushi , Sunada Satoshi
Published: September 2023

High-speed image processing is essential for many real-time applications. On-chip photonic neural network processors have the potential to speed up image processing, but their scalability is limited in terms of the number of input/output channels because high-density integration is challenging. Here, we propose a photonic time-domain image processing approach, where real-world visual information is compressively acquired through a single input channel. Thus, large-scale processing is enabled even when using a small photonic processor with limited input/output channels. The drawback of the time-domain serial operation can be mitigated using ultrahigh-speed data acquisition based on gigahertz-rate speckle projection. We combine it with a photonic reservoir computer and demonstrate that this approach is capable of dynamic image recognition at gigahertz rates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this approach can also be used for high-speed learning-based imaging. The proposed approach can be extended to diverse applications, including target tracking, flow cytometry, and imaging of sub-nanosecond phenomena.
Deception is associated with reduced social connection
Authors: Sprigings Samantha , Brown Cameo J. V. , ten Brinke Leanne
Published: September 2023

Lies can have major consequences if undetected. Research to date has focused primarily on the consequences of deception for receivers once lies are discovered. We advance deception research and relationship science by studying the social consequences of deception for the sender—even if their lies remain undetected. In a correlational study of video conversations (Study 1; N = 776), an experimental study of text conversations (Study 2; N = 416), and a survey of dispositional tendencies (Study 3; N = 399), we find consistent evidence that people who lie tend to assume that others are lying too, and this impedes their ability to form social connections. The findings provide insight into how (dis)honesty and loneliness may go together, and suggest that lies—even when undetected—harm our relationships.
Fulvestrant plus vandetanib versus placebo for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to aromatase inhibitor therapy (FURVA): a multicentre, Phase 2, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Beresford Mark , Casbard Angela , Hudson Zoe , Carucci Margherita , Ingarfield Kate , Gee Julia , Smith Joanna , Kitson Terri , Alchami Fouad , Madden Tracie-Ann , Hayward Larrie , Hwang David , Spensley Saiqa , Waters Simon , Wheatley Duncan , Jones Robert H.
Published: September 2023

Background

FURVA, a randomised, double-blind Phase II trial, investigated whether the addition of vandetanib to fulvestrant improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with an aromatase inhibitor(AI)-resistant advanced breast cancer.

Methods

Postmenopausal women with oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+ve)/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer, who experienced disease progression on an AI, were randomised (1:1) to fulvestrant 500 mg (Q28) with vandetanib 300 mg od (f + v) or placebo (f + p) until disease progression or discontinuation. The primary endpoint was PFS; secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and the influence of REarranged during Transfection (RET) signalling on outcomes.

Results

In total, 165 participants were randomised to f + v (n = 80) or f + p (n = 85). Median PFS was 5.5 months (m) for f + v compared to 5.5 m for f + p (hazard ratio (HR) 0.88; 95% CI: 0.62–1.23; P = 0.22). Unexpectedly, high total RET expression was associated with a PFS advantage of 8.87 m vs 3.94 with low RET (HR 0.493: 95% CI 0.32–0.77; P = 0.002) independent of the treatment arm, supported by an OS advantage 21.95 m vs 18.04 (HR 0.584; 95% CI 0.34–1.00; P = 0.051) in the high-RET group.

Conclusion

The addition of vandetanib to fulvestrant does not improve PFS. However, high total RET expression was associated with improved PFS, suggesting RET may have a prognostic role in patients treated with fulvestrant.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02530411.
Nanodrug regulates ROS homeostasisviaenhancing fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting autophagy to overcome tumor drug resistance
Authors: Wang HaiYang , Lin Minzhao , Chen Gengjia , Xiao Zecong , Shuai Xintao
Published: September 2023

This approach achieved sustained ROS production through fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and inhibited autophagy, leading to enhanced tumor cell apoptosis. It has the potential to address multidrug resistance in tumor treatments.
Joint effect of miscut r-plane sapphire substrate and different nucleation layers on structural characteristics of non-polar a-plane GaN films
Authors: Fang Ruiting , Zhang Xiong , Wang Shuchang , Luo Xuguang , Xu Shenyu , Xu Yifeng , Lou Zhiyi , Chen Lin , Hu Guohua
Published: September 2023

High-quality non-polar a-plane GaN films are achieved with optimized miscut r-plane sapphire substrate and nucleation layers.
Dissociative ionization and Coulomb explosion of CH4 in two-color asymmetric intense laser fields
Authors: Hasegawa H. , Matsuda A. , Morishita T. , Madsen L. B. , Jensen F. , Tolstikhin O. I. , Hishikawa A.
Published: September 2023

Three-dimensional ion momentum imaging reveals that methane in two-color asymmetric intense laser fields has different waveform dependence for atomic and molecular hydrogen ion ejection.
Drumhead surface states promoted hydrogen evolution reactions in type-II nodal-line topological catalyst Mg3Bi2
Authors: Zhao Min , Meng Weizhen , Wang Lirong , He Zeqing , Jin Lei , Liu Ying , Dai Xuefang , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Hongshi , Liu Guodong
Published: September 2023

The drumhead surface states formed by nodal loops in Mg3Bi2 have an important effect on the hydrogen evolution reaction.
N,S co-doped porous carbon with Co9S8 prepared with a Co-FF-derived Co3O4 template: a bi-functional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Wu Qihao , Xie Tao , Zhang Li , Ding Hui , Gao Heju , Jiang Jiahui , Xu Guancheng
Published: September 2023

N,S-codoped porous carbon materials containing Co9S8 nanoparticles were prepared by one-step carbon-vulcanization using Co3O4@PDA and they exhibited excellent bi-functional electrocatalytic activity comparable to Pt/C + RuO2 in alkaline medium.
Limitations of conventional approaches to identify photochemically produced reactive intermediates involved in contaminant indirect photodegradation
Authors: Milstead Reid P. , Berg Stephanie M. , Kelly Bella M. , Knellwolf Christian D. , Larson Cooper J. , Wammer Kristine H. , Remucal Christina K.
Published: September 2023

This study highlights limitations in conventional approaches used to identify key photochemically produced intermediates involved in the indirect photodegradation of organic contaminants.
Synergistic functionalization of poly(p-terphenyl isatin) anion exchange membrane with quaternary ammonium and piperidine cations for fuel cells
Authors: Gu Yiman , Zhang Yanchao , Wang Zhe , Liu Di , Wang Yan , Dong Tianming , Wang Song , Li Zhanyu , Wu Jingyi , Lei Yijia
Published: September 2023

Quaternary ammonium cation and piperidine cation cooperate to further improve the performance of the anion exchange membrane.
Swimming against the current – sacrificing unit mass resolution in ICP-MS to improve figures of merit
Authors: Clases David
Published: September 2023

Analysts can balance sensitivity and selectivity in quadrupole-based ICP-MS. In some scenarios, giving up unit mass resolution may into improve figures of merit.
Selective isoxazolopyrimidine PAT1 (SLC26A6) inhibitors for therapy of intestinal disorders
Authors: Chu Tifany , Karmakar Joy , Haggie Peter M. , Tan Joseph-Anthony , Master Riya , Ramaswamy Keerthana , Verkman Alan S. , Anderson Marc O. , Cil Onur
Published: September 2023

This study reports identification of selective isoxazolopyrimidine inhibitors of intestinal anion exchanger SLC26A6 (PAT1) with improved potency and good in vivo efficacy. PAT1 inhibitors are novel drug candidates for intestinal diseases.
Recent progress of small-molecule-based theranostic agents in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gao Furong , Chen Jiefang , Zhou Yuancun , Cheng Letong , Hu Ming , Wang Xiaohui
Published: September 2023

This review discusses the developments of small-molecule-based theranostic agents in terms of design rationales, chemical structures, and theranostic performances in Alzheimer's disease.
Dual-emissive solid-state histidine-stabilized gold nanoclusters for applications in white-light generation
Authors: Zetes Markus , Hada Alexandru-Milentie , Todea Milica , Gaina Luiza Ioana , Astilean Simion , Craciun Ana-Maria
Published: September 2023

Photo- and thermo-stable dual-emissive solid-state histidine-stabilized gold nanoclusters demonstrate appealing warm white-light emission capabilities suitable for WLED applications.
Electrocatalytic oxidative C–H cycloamination towards tricyclic [1,2,4]triazolo-[3,4-i]purine nucleosides mediated by bromide ions
Authors: Yang Qi-Liang , Li Wan-Wan , Zhang Zhong-Xu , Zhang Han-Meng , Li Xian-Jia , Guo Hai-Ming
Published: September 2023

A green and sustainable electrochemical alternative strategy for the synthesis of biologically important [1,2,4]-triazolo-[3,4-i]-purine derivatives via intramolecular oxidative C–N bond coupling has been established.
Computational mesoscale framework for biological clustering and fractal aggregation
Authors: Zohravi Elnaz , Moreno Nicolas , Ellero Marco
Published: September 2023

Hierarchical clusteringviadiffusion and reaction is widespread in nature, displaying fractal behavior. Our GMC model studies complex biological clustering, accounting for hydrodynamic interactions, bonding, and surface tension.
Electron transfer-mediated triplet sensitization from CsPbI3 nanocrystals to fullerene for photon upconversion
Authors: Niu Pengfei , Luo Guiwen , Yu Tianjun , Chen Jinping , Hu Rui , Yang Guoqiang , Zeng Yi , Li Yi
Published: September 2023

Triplet energy transfer from CsPbI3 nanocrystals to fullerene via an electron transfer-mediated mechanism enables efficient sensitization of photon upconversion.
A comparison of the impact of cation chemistry in ionic liquid-based lithium battery electrolytes
Authors: Makhlooghiazad Faezeh , Kang Colin S. M. , Eftekharnia Mojtaba , Howlett Patrick C. , Hutt Oliver , Forsyth Maria , O’Dell Luke A. , Pringle Jennifer M.
Published: September 2023

Two high-salt-content ionic liquid electrolytes with distinct cationic chemistries were compared. The one with a phosphonium cation showed superior characteristics, particularly in terms of its enhanced capacity when used in lithium metal batteries.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Preparation, Practices, and Perspectives on Serving Indigenous Families and Children
Authors: Guiberson Mark , Ferris Kyliah
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

With the documented educational inequities that Indigenous children experience evidenced by disproportionate representation in special education and lower graduation rates, there is a need to better understand the backgrounds, training, professional perspectives, and clinical practices of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) serving this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a survey with SLPs from the Mountain West and High Plains region of the United States who serve Indigenous children to understand current patterns and to inform practices that SLPs can apply in addressing educational inequities.

Method:

SLPs from the Mountain West and High Plains completed an online survey that gathered information about background, training, professional perspectives, and clinical practices.

Results:

Three hundred thirty-three SLPs completed the survey. Results revealed that respondents, for the most part, understood educational disparities that Indigenous children experience, and they valued Indigenous dialects of English and Indigenous languages. Patterns in practice revealed strong reliance on standardized measures for assessment and a small percentage of respondents using bidialectal or narrative-based strategies.

Conclusions:

Very few respondents had training on serving Indigenous children and families, yet they had overall awareness of educational disparities experienced by this group. Respondents reported challenges with developing relationships and overcoming access barriers. Their clinical practices were not as tailored to the language and learning needs of Indigenous children, especially when compared to practices recommended in two recent scoping reviews. The Indigenous Connectedness Framework, the abundance model, and Indigenous pedagogies are presented as ways to initiate change and meaningful engagement with Indigenous families and communities.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24100863
The Wastewater Treatment for Achieving Green Economy
Authors: Kamiel Berli , Saptutyningsih Endah
Published: September 2023

The study emphasizes the importance of putting in place a raw sewage pre-treatment system to filter out solid waste before dumping it into streams. Prior research indicates that trash management and Indonesian sociocultural habits are the main environmental issues in Indonesia. The quality of river water would change when frequent direct sewage disposal occurs. However, there is a risk of river pollution caused by negligent river users. To address this, new technologies are needed. This study seeks to use the creative economy to benefit society on an economic and social level. It is determined that community-based water tourism must be developed using human resources to take advantage of the natural potential of the river that flows along Kauman Babadan Banguntapan. The goal is to determine the differences between before-and-after the community service program for using a mechanical bar screen to purify wastewater in to promote a green economy. The study revealed that perceptions and attitudes of households regarding the river’s water quality varied, but there was a strong belief that efforts should be taken to enhance it. The findings demonstrate the importance of addressing water quality issues, promoting environmental preservation, and encouraging community participation in sustainable activities.