bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemistry Study on PVC-LiClO4 Polymer Electrolyte Supported by Bengkulu Natural Bentonite for Lithium Battery
Authors: Ghufira Ghufira , Yudha Sal P , Angasa Eka , Ariesta Jhoni
Published: October 2023

Abstract – In this research bentonite was used as filler to produce polymer electrolyte (PVCLiClO4). Some weight variation of bentonite have been made by addition, such as 0% wt/wt; 5% wt/wt ; 10% wt/wt ; 15% wt/wt ; 20% wt/wt ; and 25% wt/wt of bentonite to the mixture of 0,5 gram of PVC and 0,125 gram of LiClO4. Ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte was tested using impedance spectroscopy. The result of the research was showed that a mixture of PVCBentonite( 10% wt/wt)-LiClO4 gives the highest ionic conductivity (4,86 x 10-3 S.Cm-1). This result indicated that the presence of natural bentonite can be used as a filler in the current composite polymer electrolyte and can increase the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte.
Linear Subspaces of Solutions Applied to Hirota Bilinear Equations
Authors: Adamu M. Y. , Suleiman E.
Published: October 2023

Abstract - Linear subspace of solution is applied to Boussinesq and Kadomtseve-Petviashvili (KP) equations using Hirota bilinear transformation. A sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of linear subspaces of exponential travelling wave solutions to Hirota bilinear equations is applied to show that multivariate polynomials whose zeros form a vector space can generate the desire Hirota bilinear equations with given linear subspaces of solutions and formulate such multivariate polynomials by using multivariate polynomials which have one and only one zero.Keywords: Hirota bilinear form, solton solution, N-wave solution, linear subspaces.
Some Practical Guidelines for Effective Sample-Size Determination in Observational Studies
Authors: Wan Ahmad Wan Muhamad Amir , Wan Mohd Amin Wan Abdul Aziz , Azlida Aleng Nor , Mohamed Norizan
Published: October 2023

Abstract- The purpose of this present study was to determine the right sample size in observational study which is focusing on medical or health sciences field. Sample size calculation is actually depends on the type of how the study is designed. For example different formulas are used to calculate the sample size in different type of the study. In this article, the formula of single proportion and two proportions is discussed and an example from medical research, which may contribute to the understanding of this problem, is presented.
Analysing Threshold Value in Fire Detection Algorithm Using MODIS Data
Authors: E. Cahyono Bowo , Fearns Peter , McAtee Brendon
Published: October 2023

Abstract - MODIS instruments have been designed to include special channels for fire monitoring by adding more spectral thermal band detector on them. The basic understanding of remote sensing fire detection should be kept in mind to be able to improve the algorithm for regional scale detection purposes. It still gives many chances for more exploration. This paper describe the principle of fire investigation applied on MODIS data. The main used algorithm in this research is contextual algorithm which has been developed by NASA scientist team. By varying applied threshold of T4 value in the range of 320-360K it shows that detected fire is significantly changed. While significant difference of detected FHS by changing ΔT threshold value is occurred in the range of 15-35K. Improve and adjustment of fire detection algorithm is needed to get the best accuracy result proper to local or regional conditions. MOD14 algorithm is applied threshold values of 325K for T4 and 20K for ΔT. Validation has been done from the algorithm result of MODIS dataset over Indonesia and South Africa. The accuracy of MODIS fire detection by MOD14 algorithm is 73.2% and 91.7% on MODIS data over Sumatra-Borneo and South Africa respectively.
A Mesoscale Meteorological Model of Modified Land Cover to the Effect of Urban Heat Island in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Ilhamsyah Yopi
Published: October 2023

Abstract - A mesoscale meteorological model of modified land cover to the effect of urban heat island (UHI) in Jakarta was done. Although higher temperature in the city has been generally known, factors and issues that result in the increase of temperature particularly nighttime temperature over the city, however, are not well-understood. Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, is encountering urbanization problems foremost. The increasing demand of housing as well as rapid development of sky crapper building, market places and highway diminishes the vegetation which in turn trap heat in the troposphere throughout the year, particularly during dry season on June-August. The fifth-generation mesoscale meteorological model (MM5) was employed in the study. The model involves medium range forecast planetary boundary layer (MRF PBL) scheme and land surface with two following parameters: i.e. roughness length over land and thermal inertia of land. These two parameters are chosen to enhance the characteristics of land surface. The simulation was carried out for 3 days on August 5-7, 2004 during dry season. The results showed that the simulation of surface temperature done by MM5 modified land cover described a good comparison to that of weather observation data. As a result, the effect of UHI was also well-observed during day-time. In addition, MM5 modified land cover simulation also illustrated a well-development of sea-breeze and country-breeze during mid-day and nighttime, respectively. However, long-term simulation is still required. Thus, daily diurnal cycles of air temperature and their differences can be well-observed in detail.
Effects of Dietary Katuk Leaf Extract on Growth Performance, Feeding Behavior and Water Quality of Grouper Epinephelus coioides
Authors: A. S Agus Putra , Santoso Urip , Chou Lee Meng , Hua Nan Fan
Published: October 2023

Abstract - Plant-derived materials are believed as potential nutrient sources to be applied in aquaculture. Although many studies to assess the benefits of plant extracts have been conducted, however effects of dietary katuk (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.) on growth performances, feeding behavior and water quality of grouper (Epinephelus coioides) are not well known. In this study, 25 grouper juveniles weighing 11.27 ± 2.53 g were reared into 100-L tank (60 x 50 x 35 cm) and cultivated for 70 days. The fish were divided into four groups in triplicate, and were offered diet without katuk extract (control), diet supplemented with 1% katuk extract (SAA); diet supplemented with 2.5% katuk extract (SAB) and diet supplemented with 5.0% katuk extract (SAC) twice daily. Statistical analyses showed that dietary katuk extract caused a significant (P 0.05) increase in growth rate and feed intake. The efficiency of feed was also significant when fish offered diets supplemented with 1% of katuk extract which indicated by a lower feed conversion ratio. However, no statistical differences were observed on the survival rate, condition factor, viscerosomatic index and hepatosomatic index. Observation on feeding behavior found that all treated fish consumed compounded diet just after provided into their tank and there were no abnormal behavior or any healthy problems during experimental periods. It demonstrated that application of katuk extract in fish diets is acceptable and can stimulate the fish appetites. In conclusion, our studies indicated that dietary katuk (Sauropus androgynus) extract can be applied in aquaculture to stimulate the growth and improve feed utilization.Keywords: Feed conversion ratio, feed utilization, plant extract, Sauropus androgynus.
The Face of Poverty: Physiognomics, Social Mobility, and the Politics of Recognition in the Early Nineteenth-Century American Novel
Authors: Pethers Matthew
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Since the late eighteenth century, observers of American poverty have often focused, in literal and metaphorical ways, on the faces of the economically dispossessed, finding in them a means to generate emotional responses that are more personalized than those offered by sociological data. For these writers, the "face of poverty" contains the potential to rectify the consignment of the poor to what Gavin Jones has called a "categorical blind spot" in U.S. culture, yet despite the long tradition of such efforts to reveal "the other America" this blindness seems to persist in contemporary literary analysis. This ongoing invisibility is in fact rooted in precisely the optical rhetoric that this tradition so often relies upon, a rhetoric whose origins and evasions I trace to the early nineteenth century, when modern discourses of poverty were being formulated. More specifically, I focus on the "parabolic mobility novel," a group of fictional narratives published from 1800-1815 that typically trace the fall into poverty and eventual providentially instigated return to wealth of bourgeois characters. Combining the theories of sympathy-as-self-identification expounded by Adam Smith with the interpretive logic of physiognomy-as-moral-interiority popularized by Johann Caspar Lavater, these novels produced a conservative model of the "politics of recognition" that, rather than involving an acknowledgment of the Other on their own terms, revolved around the projection of middle-class values onto the poor. Through their moments of anagnoristic recognition, the plots of these novels effectively established the now deeply ingrained tendency to replace the individuality of the poor with external beliefs and assumptions.
Light in the Water: Single-Fiber Spectroscopy for Next-Generation Microfluidic Water Quality Sensors
Authors: Angelescu Dan E. , Rerolle Victoire , Vassart Lise , Wong Joyce
Published: October 2023

We present an innovative water quality monitoring technology, integrating colorimetry and UV spectroscopy via fiber-coupled microfluidics. This compact, autonomous design enables real-time, high-frequency data acquisition, offering precise, adaptable, and sustainable solutions for water quality management.
Pistachio Nuts Contaminant Detection Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Magnus Indy , Abbasi Fatemeh , Smeesters Lien
Published: October 2023

We present a non-destructive pistachio nut screening using fluorescence spectroscopy and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, simultaneously detecting shells, tree parts and aflatoxins, while achieving a classification efficiency of 99.2 % for the healthy pistachio kernels.
Earth’s near-surface characterisation using phi-OTDR based on geometric phase
Authors: Shaheen Sabahat , Hicke Konstantin , Krebber Katerina
Published: October 2023

Phase-sensitive OTDR based on geometric phase for the first time detects surface waves generated by quarry blasts of 25 kg explosives. Inversion of dispersion curves provides depth profiles of shear-wave velocities of surface waves.
Hybrid frequency-correlation division multiplexing and demodulation of fiber optic interferometric sensors
Authors: Lopez Jorge H. , Shlyagin Mikhail , Miridonov Serguei , Martinez-Manuel Rodolfo
Published: October 2023

We present a novel technique for hybrid multiplexing and demodulation of low-finesse FP interferometers using a standard DFB diode laser. Results of proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate a high potential of the proposed technique for cost-sensitive applications.
Optical Fiber Vector Bending Sensor Based on Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Zhu Chen
Published: October 2023

We propose the use of machine learning to directly and statistically learn the relation between the spectral response from a simple heterostructure-based optical fiber device and measurand, enabling expanded functionality for vector bending sensing.
Mechanistic Insights of Core-Shell Nanoparticle Synthesis on a Fiber Optic Sensor Probe
Authors: Manoharan Hariharan , Chaudhary Ratan Kumar , Narayanan M. S. , Sai V.V.R
Published: October 2023

This study demonstrates a fiber optic sensor platform to investigate the plasmonic peaks as well as the shape and size transformations of nanoparticles that occurs during the in-situ synthesis of silver-gold core-shell nanoparticles on a substrate.
Hyperspectral Imaging and Analysis of Hydrothermal Alternation Mineralogy in Cuprite, Nevada, USA [Headwall Photonics]
Authors: Roberts Carson , Barton Isabel , He Jinping , Beccari Francesco
Published: October 2023

Lab- and drone-based hyperspectral imaging scans of different clays, micas, sulfates, and other alteration products were classified to show the distribution of spectrally active minerals in the exposed upper zone of the Cuprite epithermal system.
Automated Hyperspectral Apple Variety Identification Based on Patch-wise Classification
Authors: Settouti Nesma , Assainova Olga , Saab Nadine Abdallah , El Bouz Marwa
Published: October 2023

Manual apple sorting is costly and subjective. We investigate using VNIR hyperspectral imaging for an efficient and objective solution. Our study presents a patch-wise classification approach for automatic recognition of apple varieties using their hyperspectral signature.
Hyperspectral Dual-Comb Imaging in Mid-Infrared with Sub-GHz resolution
Authors: Moreno-Oyervides Aldo , Khan Farid Ullah , Bonilla-Manrique Oscar E. , Martin-Mateos. Pedro
Published: October 2023

We present the first mid-infrared direct dual-comb hyperspectral imager capable of providing optical resolutions in the sub-GHz range. In addition, the system combines this ultra-high optical with sub-second time resolutions, hence providing virtually unmatched capabilities.
Efficient dual-wavelength metasurface for second-order differential edge detection in the ultraviolet
Authors: Chen Hao , Gui Lili , Guo Jinyang , Xu Kun
Published: October 2023

Metasurfaces for edge detection through spatial analog calculations have attracted much attention due to advantages such as a flexible design and small footprint. Up until now, most studies have focused on single-wavelength operation in the near-infrared or visible regions, while little work has been done in the ultraviolet band. It is of significance to explore metasurfaces for edge detection in the ultraviolet band for their great potential in high-resolution imaging and lithography. Here, we propose a dual-wavelength HfO2 metasurface for edge detection working at 273 nm and 293 nm, with 25% and 72% efficiency, respectively, controlled by the linear polarization of the incident light. The efficient dual-wavelength second-order differential calculation in the ultraviolet band of the metasurface has been confirmed by 1D signal and 2D image processing. It may find applications in the fields of computer vision and bioimaging.
Mid-IR lasing in HgCdTe multiple quantum well edge-emitting ridges
Authors: Utochkin Vladimir , Kudryavtsev Konstantin , Rumyantsev Vladimir , Fadeev Mikhail , Razova Anna , Mikhailov Nikolai , Shengurov Dmitry , Gusev Sergey , Gusev Nikita , Morozov Sergey
Published: October 2023

Thin HgCdTe/CdHgTe quantum wells (QWs) grown on alternative GaAs (013) substrates have been recently proposed as a material for coherent emitters in the mid-IR region. In this work, we develop a technological process for the fabrication of ridge microresonators in waveguide heterostructures with multiple HgCdTe QWs via photolithography and ion etching. We process two samples with different ridge heights and analyze their emission spectra measured under optical excitation. The width of the emission spectra dropped by an order of magnitude compared to the nonprocessed as-grown structure, allowing one to conclude that lasing at 9.2–7.1 µm takes place within the 8–120 K temperature range. However, both samples demonstrated faster temperature quenching of lasing than that of the single-pass stimulated emission from the nonprocessed structure, as well as a drop in the carrier lifetimes. These figures of merit are likely to be compromised not by the Q factor of the cavities, but due to defects induced during the etching process. Finally, the implications for HgCdTe-based lasers for the 3–5 µm transparency window and longer wavelengths (beyond 20 µm) are discussed.
Photothermal spectroscopy based chemical LiDAR for multidimensional mapping
Authors: Samanta Bibek R.
Published: October 2023

A highly sensitive range-resolved standoff chemical sensing technique which combines photothermal spectroscopy and FMCW LiDAR is demonstrated using a 3D printed sample. The technique could map and differentiate two PLA materials by their carbon-black concentrations.
Detection of Cu(II) Ions Using Metal-Organic Framework Coated Optical Fibers
Authors: Menon Swetha , Madaboosi Narayanan , Sai V V R
Published: October 2023

Copper is an essential nutrient as well as a toxic water pollutant. A dip-type, field deployable MOF coated fiber-optic sensor to selectively entrap and quantify them within the higher and lower tolerance limits is developed.
Photoacoustic gas sensor based on an array of quantum cascade lasers and a quartz tuning fork: towards multi-gas sensing
Authors: Duquesnoy M. , Melkonian J-M. , Levy R. , Aoust G. , Maisons G. , Guais M. , Tran L. , Raybaut M.
Published: October 2023

We present a photoacoustic gas sensor employing QCLs and a versatile detector based on a quartz tuning fork and an acoustic radial resonator. We present first measurements and perspectives for multi-gas sensing.
Multi-Color Mid-Infrared Sources based on Photonic Integration of Distinct Quantum Cascade Laser Active Regions
Authors: Burghart D. , Zhang K. , Koeninger A. , Boehm G. , Belkin M.A.
Published: October 2023

We present an approach to multi-color quantum cascade lasers that utilizes photonic integration for multiplexing as well as growth of distinct active regions on different parts of the wafer to overcome otherwise present thermal and gain-bandwidth constraints.
On-going Validation of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS)
Authors: Walker Kaley A. , Sheese Patrick E. , Zou Jiansheng
Published: October 2023

This paper will describe current validation studies and overall mission status for the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). This will focus on validation of the newest data version and on long-term analysis.
SPICE - The Space Interferometer for Cosmic Evolution: SPICE-ing up the Far-Infrared Universe
Authors: Spencer Locke D. , Mundy Lee G. , Leisawitz Dave T. , Ricketti Berke V. , Scott Jeremy P. , Lovell Josh B. , Nixon Conor A. , Pokorny Petr , Shivaei Irene
Published: October 2023

The Space Interferometer for Cosmic Evolution (SPICE) is a space mission concept employing double Fourier spatial and spectral interferometry in the Far-Infrared (Far-IR) spectral region. We describe the SPICE mission concept and main scientific goals.
Phase Calibration of a Spatial-Spectral Fourier Transform Interferometer Testbed
Authors: Scott Jeremy P. , Benson Chris S. , Spencer Locke D.
Published: October 2023

We describe a first order phase calibraton of a laboratory spectral-spatial Fourier transform interferometer testbed using a tunable monochromatic far-infrared laser source. Results are presented for this calibration procedure.
Dual-Comb Spectroscopy of Carbon Dioxide and Methane Across a 14.5 km Long Outdoor Path
Authors: Giorgetta F. R. , Baumann E. , Washburn B. R. , Malarich N. , Deschênes J.-D. , Coddington I. , Newbury N. R. , Cossel K. C.
Published: October 2023

Greenhouse-gas dual-comb spectroscopy is extended to a city-scale 14.5-km path length using remote receiver and data acquisition. This configuration enables lower link losses and longer path lengths compared to folded paths with a remote retroreflector.

Work of the US Government and not subject to copyright.
Application of mid-infrared frequency comb-based Fourier-transform spectroscopy to precise line-shape study of CO perturbed by N2
Authors: Nishiyama Akiko , Kowzan Grzegorz , Charczun Dominik , Ciuryło Roman , Masłowski Piotr
Published: October 2023

We performed line-shape measurements of the fundamental vibrational band of CO perturbed by N2 with a mid-infrared frequency comb-based Fourier-transform spectrometer. We provide precise collisional line-shape parameters, which are of atmospheric science interest.
Potential Advantages Coming from the Synergy Between Products by Limb and Nadir Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometers: 2D Data Fusion of CAIRT, IASI-NG (and Sentinel 5) Simulated Data
Authors: Tirelli Cecilia , Ceccherini Simone , Cortesi Ugo , Del Bianco Samuele , Errera Quentin , Funke Bernd , Höpfner Michael , Kujanpaa Jukka , Poli Gabriele , Preusse Peter , Raspollini Piera , Sinnhuber Björn-Martin , Ungermann Jörn
Published: October 2023

We study potential advantages coming from the exploitation of the synergy between limb and nadir measurements from Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometers with the rigorous approach of the two-dimensional complete data fusion.
Compressive Sampling with Time-Programable Frequency Combs
Authors: Baumann E. , Potvin S. , Deschênes J.-D. , Coddington I. , Newbury N.R. , Giorgetta F.R.
Published: October 2023

We present free-form dual-comb spectroscopy, which samples the interferogram at arbitrary user-programable pulse offsets. We implement compressive and recurrence sampling, alleviating data burden and allowing for adaptable update rates ranging from video rate to MHz.

© work of the US government, not subject to copyright
Estimating Aboveground Biomass and Nitrogen Concentration in Grasslands with Multispectral and Hyperspectral Satellite Data
Authors: Schucknecht Anne , Reinermann Sophie , Kiese Ralf
Published: October 2023

Spatial information on grassland biomass and nitrogen concentration are important for precision agriculture. We compare machine learning with hybrid models to estimate both parameters with Sentinel-2 data, and test hybrid models with hyperspectral EnMAP data.
ND-Space Representation of Crop Phenology
Authors: Philpot William , Longchamps Louis
Published: October 2023

The full cycle of crop phenological stages, from bare soil to mature crop, through the stages of senescence, back to bare soil can be tracked in a 2-dimensional plot of normalized distance functions.
Daily MODIS 250m two-band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2) time series computation based on autoencoders
Authors: Liu Xinkai , Jiang Changmin , Ma Yiming , Hao Song , Chan Ka Lok
Published: October 2023

High-quality vegetation index time series are crucial for timely and accurate phenological mapping. However, vegetation index time series with high temporal resolution (such as daily resolution), can be influenced by cloudiness, shadows, and atmospheric effect and affects the interpretation of vegetation growth. We proposed a method for computing a daily 250m two-band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2) time series using MOD09GQ surface reflectance products through a self-supervised neural network autoencoders model. We tested the consistency of EVI2 with conventional three-band EVI, its temporal stability, and sensitivity to aerosol. The results indicated this method is suitable to be applied to areas where atmospheric effects are not prominent. (tel: +86 15229367141, e-mail: rsliuxk@whu.edu.cn).
The DESIS Spaceborne Hyperspectral Instrument: Status and Plans
Authors: Carmona E. , Bachmann M. , Cerra D. , de los Reyes R. , Heiden U. , Knodt U. , Krutz D. , Lester H. , Marshall D. , Müller R.
Published: October 2023

The DESIS spaceborne imaging spectrometer has been operational since 2018, providing high-quality hyperspectral data. We present an overview of the DESIS mission, the achievements in the five years of operation and plans for the future.
Sensing New Hyperspectral Connections between Earth’s Greatest Fluids – the Ocean and Atmosphere – with NASA’s PACE mission
Authors: Dierssen Heidi M.
Published: October 2023

PACE contains a hyperspectral scanning Ocean Color Imager (OCI) with 1-2 day coverage at 1 km2 pixel size and two polarimeters measuring the hyperspectral and hyperangular polarized light reaching the satellite.
Vicarious Calibration activity over southern Israel for the new family of orbital hyperspectral sensors
Authors: Pearlstein Daniela Heller , Ben-Dor Eyal
Published: October 2023

The challenge of maintaining hyperspectral orbital sensors has become more relevant in recent years. We established two test sites in Israel for vicarious calibration/validation of the sensor's performance. The study was conducted in cooperation with NASA, DLR, and ASI, and the sites are ready to serve as operational for any Hyperspectral sensor.
A study of accuracy variation from shallow to deep learning methods for the classification of ships using SAR satellite images
Authors: Bhattacharjee Shovakar , Shanmugam Palaniswami , Das Sukhendu
Published: October 2023

Accuracy in image classification with deep learning varies with CNN layer depth. A study has been conducted for ship classification in SAR satellite images to understand the accuracy variation from shallow to deep model depth.
Experimental evaluation of a latency-aware routing and spectrum assignment mechanism based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Hernández-Chulde C. , Casellas R. , Martínez R. , Vilalta R. , Muñoz R.
Published: October 2023

The introduction of futuristic and challenging use cases of 5G and 6G communications will demand strict requirements in terms of high bandwidth and low latency. Optical backbone networks need to tackle these new network scenarios by offering highly efficient, flexible, and scalable technologies and solutions. In this context, elastic optical networks (EONs) have been recognized as a promising technological transport infrastructure for the future Internet since they can manage the optical spectrum with enhanced flexibility and efficiency. The service provisioning in EONs is a challenging issue to tackle since the routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) is characterized by a high degree of complexity. This work presents an approach for RSA in EONs leveraging the advantages of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) solutions. The devised approach jointly considers the constraints imposed by the optical technologies and the demanded connectivity service requirements (i.e., guaranteed bandwidth and maximum end-to-end latency) when computing and selecting the optical path and spectral resources. We first evaluate our approach through simulation experiments considering two reference network topologies, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing the bandwidth blocking ratio, the path computation time, and the number of rejected connectivity services requiring lower latencies when compared to a baseline k-shortest path routing and first-fit spectrum allocation algorithm. Then, the trained DRL agent is integrated within a real proof of concept to attain an ML-assisted SDN control plane in the CTTC ADRENALINE testbed. The attained performance improvements highlight the potential benefits brought by using DRL mechanisms and its feasible integration within production EON transport infrastructures.
Insight into the surface behavior and dynamic absorptivity of laser removal of multilayer materials
Authors: Yang Guiyang , Liu Le , Chen Qiaodan , Xiong Wei , Deng Leimin
Published: October 2023

Laser-materials interaction is the fascinating nexus where laser optics, physical/ chemistry, and materials science intersect. Exploring the dynamic interaction process and mechanism of laser pulses with materials is of great significance for analyzing laser processing. Laser micro/nano processing of multilayer materials is not an invariable state, but rather a dynamic reaction with unbalanced and multi-scale, which involves multiple physical states including laser ablation, heat accumulation and conduction, plasma excitation and shielding evolution. Among them, several physical characteristics interact and couple with each other, including the surface micromorphology of the ablated material, laser absorption characteristics, substrate temperature, and plasma shielding effects. In this paper, we propose an in-situ monitoring system for laser scanning processing with coaxial spectral detection, online monitoring and identification of the characteristic spectral signals of multilayer heterogeneous materials during repeated scanning removal by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Additionally, we have developed an equivalent roughness model to quantitatively analyze the influence of surface morphology changes on laser absorptivity. The influence of substrate temperature on material electrical conductivity and laser absorptivity was calculated theoretically. This reveals the physical mechanism of dynamic variations in laser absorptivity caused by changes in plasma characteristics, surface roughness, and substrate temperature, and it provides valuable guidance for understanding the dynamic process and interaction mechanism of laser with multilayer materials.
Parameterization of optical properties for liquid cloud droplets containing black carbon based on neural network
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Feng , Liu Jia , Li Wenwen , Wu Kun , Hu Shuai , Lin Han
Published: October 2023

This paper introduces a novel back propagation (BP) neural network method to accurately characterize optical properties of liquid cloud droplets, including black carbon. The model establishes relationships between black carbon volume fraction, wavelength, cloud effective radius, and optical properties. Evaluated on a test set, the value of the root mean square error (RMSE) of the asymmetry factor, extinction coefficient, single-scattering albedo, and the first 4 moments of the Legendre expansion of the phase function are less than 0.003, with the maximum mean relative error (MRE) reaching 0.2%, which are all better than the traditional method that only uses polynomials to fit the relationship between the effective radius and optical properties. Notably, the BP neural network significantly compresses the optical property database size by 37,800 times. Radiative transfer simulations indicate that mixing black carbon particles in water clouds reduces the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance and heats the atmosphere. However, if the volume fraction of black carbon is less than 10−6, the black carbon mixed in the water cloud has a tiny effect on the simulated TOA reflectance.
Numerical analysis of photon absorption of gate-defined quantum dots embedded in asymmetric bull’s-eye optical cavities
Authors: Ji Sangmin , Iwamoto Satoshi
Published: October 2023

Improving the photon–spin conversion efficiency without polarization dependence is a major challenge in realizing quantum interfaces gate-defined quantum dots (QDs) for polarization-encoded photonic quantum network systems. Previously, we reported the design of an air-bridge bull’s-eye cavity that enhances the photon absorption efficiency of an embedded gate-defined QD regardless of the photon polarization. Here, we numerically demonstrate that a further 1.6 times improvement in efficiency is possible by simply adjusting the distance of the substrate from the semiconductor slab where the bull’s-eye structure is formed. Our analysis clarifies that the upward-preferred coupling and narrow far-field emission pattern realized by substrate-induced asymmetry enable the improvement.
Dispersion Mapping of Hybrid Plasmonic-Photonic Modes in Gold Nanopillar Arrays
Authors: Girr Padraig Mc , Hill Breandan , Pollard Robert
Published: October 2023

Understanding plasmonic effects in arrays of nanostructures is vital to their implementation as sensors. By experimentally controlling far-field optics with near-field computational modelling these properties can be understood and exploited for next generation biological sensors.
Near-Infrared Sensitive Plasmonic FET
Authors: Meng Yushan , Beckett Paul , Sun Dechuan , Unnithan Ranjith Rajasekharan
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate both simulation and fabrication results for a plasmonic enhanced back-gated FET with a gold nano-grating over a silicon channel, operating at near infrared wavelengths.
Whole-Field Laser Doppler Multi-Beam Differential Vibration Sensor Based on High-Speed CMOS Camera for Buried Objects Detection
Authors: Aranchuk V. , Zhang B. , Aranchuk I. , Hickey C.
Published: October 2023

A Laser Doppler 2D-array multi-beam differential vibration sensor based on a high-speed CMOS camera that measures velocity difference between points on the object has been developed. Application of the sensor for detection of buried objects has been demonstrated.
Distributed Chemical Sensing Through Light-Diffusing Optical Fibers
Authors: Persichetti G. , Testa G. , Imperatore P. , Bernini R.
Published: October 2023

We propose the use of a light-diffusing optical fiber for distributed chemical sensing by optical absorption spectroscopy. The approach enables distributed measurements with a spatial resolution of about 17cm over 4m of measurement range.
Infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging enabled by a mid-infrared enhanced digital micromirror device
Authors: Gattinger Paul , Ebner Alexander , Zorin Ivan , Rankl Christian , Brandstetter Markus
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate a mid-infrared modified digital micromirror device and its application as a spatial light modulator for fast (ms-regime) and flexible (freely programmable) infrared spectral-coding spectroscopy as well as infrared hyperspectral imaging.
Effective Index Theory in Gold-nanoparticle-based Fiber Optic Sensor
Authors: Fresno-Hernández A. , Barreda Á. I. , García-Cámara B. , Vázquez C.
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to analyze an optical fiber temperature sensor based on resonant nanoparticles through the effective medium theory, obtaining a more realistic index of the background. The results demonstrate improved prediction of the shift of the resonant peak with temperature, getting better the design of the sensors.
Optical, non-invasive, Oxygen Concentration Estimation by Porphyrin Embedded in Skin Equivalents
Authors: Matesanz Ana , Jorcano Jose Luis , Bosch Paula , Velasco Diego , Acedo Pablo
Published: October 2023

A platform for real-time, 3D resolution, oxygen concentration measurements in skin equivalents is under development. To that aimthe oxygen concentration in tissue equivalents is estimated through intensity and lifetime measurements of embedded porphyrins.
Fiber Ring Resonator Based on Microwave Photonics and Sensitivity-Enhanced Sensing
Authors: Zhu Chen , Huang Jie
Published: October 2023

A new concept of microwave-photonic (MWP) fiber ring resonator is introduced and a method for sensitivity-enhanced sensing based on the system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.
Field Investigation of Serially Connected FBG Cantilever Beam-Based Accelerometer
Authors: Reghuprasad Aarathy Ezhuthupally , Colombero Chiara , Godio Alberto
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate the suitability of the FBG cantilever beam accelerometer to record the seismic traces and pick up the first arrival times in the field in comparison with the standard electro-mechanical 4.5 Hz vertical geophones.
Terahertz spectroscopy for polymer manufacturing
Authors: Naftaly Mira
Published: October 2023

Terahertz spectroscopy is recognized as a valuable tool for polymer inspection and for monitoring polymer manufacturing processes. This talk will review the field and will present new results in polymer studies, including observations of adhesive cure, crystalline phase transition, effects of compositional variations, and porosity in structured materials.
Comparison Between THz Absorption Spectroscopy and ps-TALIF Measurements of Atomic Oxygen Densities
Authors: Wubs Jente R. , Invernizzi Laurent , Gazeli Kristaq , Lombardi Guillaume , Lü Xiang , Schrottke Lutz , Macherius Uwe , Weltmann Klaus-Dieter , van Helden Jean-Pierre H.
Published: October 2023

Atomic oxygen densities measured with THz absorption spectroscopy are compared to those obtained from ps-TALIF measurements. The results are in good agreement and validate THz spectroscopy as an accurate diagnostic for determining atomic oxygen densities.
Enhancing Optical Sensing Capabilities with Collective Resonances in Metallic Metasurfaces
Authors: Romero Amanda , Islam Md Sakibul , Babicheva Viktoriia
Published: October 2023

We designed a metallic metasurface enabling strong coupling and producing lattice resonances with a high quality factor. The approach enhances dipole and quadrupole resonances and creates new photonic functionalities potentially applied in optical sensors.
Linewidth and Bandwidth of the QCL Frequency Comb with Arbitrary Temporal Profile
Authors: Khurgin Jacob B
Published: October 2023

We investigate analytically two essential characteristics of the
frequency modulated combs generated by quantum cascade lasers:
bandwidth (number of spectral lines)and linewidth and show that
despite their very different temporal profiles, MIR and THz QCL OFCs
are just as good for most applications as any other frequency
comb.
Compact multi-pass spectral broadening schemes for XUV pulse generation
Authors: Viotti Anne-Lise , Seidel Marcus , Arisholm Gunnar , Arnold Cord L. , Guo Chen , Hartl Ingmar , Heyl Christoph M. , L’Huillier Anne , Li Chen , Raab Ann-Kathrin , Sytcevich Ivan , Winkelmann Lutz
Published: October 2023

This talk addresses the recent developments of the multi-pass cell approach for post-compression to the few-cycle regime. At Lund University and DESY, our current setups employ hybrid multi-pass multi-plates schemes to reach the sub-10 fs regime and drive high repetition rate attosecond XUV pulse generation in a compact manner.
High-fidelity few-cycle pulse generation via nonlinear ellipse rotation in a multipass cell at the mJ-level
Authors: Kaur Jaismeen , Daniault Louis , Cheng Zhao , Hergott Jean-François , Réau Fabrice , Tcherbakoff Olivier , Lopez-Martens Rodrigo
Published: October 2023

We report on the generation of high-fidelity few-cycle pulses via nonlinear ellipse rotation in an Argon-filled multipass cell at the mJ-level. We obtain a good spatio-temporal beam quality, with at least 3-orders of magnitude of contrast improvement, and high internal efficiency of 69%.
Post-compression of high power, high repetition rate OPCPA pulses in a multipass cell
Authors: Witting Tobias , Osolodkov Mikhail , Lara Sebastián Dávila , Vrakking Marc J.J. , Furch Federico J.
Published: October 2023

We report pulse compression of sub-10 fs 800 nm pulses and pulse energies of up to 190 µJ at 100 kHz repetition rate delivered by an OPCPA system by spectral broadening in a compact multipass cell setup with a quartz plate as nonlinear medium. Compression to sub-4 fs is demonstrated.
Material-specific imaging at the nanoscale using a 13.5 nm high-harmonic source
Authors: Eschen Wilhelm , Liu Chang , Penagos Daniel , Loetgering Lars , Klas Robert , Schuster Vittoria , Kirsche Alexander , Limpert Jens , Rothhardt Jan
Published: October 2023

We present a high-harmonic-driven coherent extreme ultraviolet (EUV) microscope operating at 13.5 nm wavelength. Sub-20 nm resolution is demonstrated by utilizing a combination of structured illumination and a highly stable EUV source. We demonstrate the application of nanoscale EUV imaging to a variety of samples from life and material sciences.
Controlling Ultrafast Photoemission via Simultaneous Laser Mixing and Shaping
Authors: Lemons Randy , Hirschman Jack , Neveu Nicole , Duris Joseph , Marinelli Agostino , Durfee Charles , Carbajo Sergio
Published: October 2023

We present a novel, versatile framework to generate W-level temporally shaped, near transform-limited, UV picosecond pulses via non-colinear sum frequency generation and demonstrate it producing temporally flattop, high-power UV pulses capable of enhancing femtosecond- and attosecond-level electron and X-ray free electron lasers brightness.
Generalized dispersion scan: an inline femtosecond pulse measurement technique for broad- and narrowband pulses
Authors: Silva Francisco , Miranda Miguel , Guerreiro Paulo T. , Romero Rosa , Crespo Helder
Published: October 2023

We generalized the d-scan technique by multiplexing nonlinear signals encoding temporal, dispersion, and spectral information. This inline measurement retains the robustness of d-scan, without interferometric delays or beam splitting, enabling pulse measurement over a very broad duration range, from 7 fs up to 1 ps, with the same system.
Generation and optimization of optical vortices in PW-class laser systems
Authors: Iancu Vicentiu , Talposi Anda-Maria , Popa Stefan , Ghenuche Petru , Cernaianu Mihail , Doria Domenico , Ungureanu Razvan , Dancus Ioan , Challus Olivier , Ursescu Daniel
Published: October 2023

Optical vortices, produced by a spiral phase plate, were propagated in free space over long distances in the 1 PW experimental chamber, and characterized in the spatio-temporal framework. Optimization of the low-order distortions by a deformable mirror, allowed to obtain a doughnut in the focus plane of an off-axis parabola.
Ultrafast 1.8 µm fiber laser system for in vivo three- and four-photon fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Fuji Takao , Ueda Hiromi H. , Goto Ryuichiro , Hamada Kosuke , Nagasawa Yutaro , Murakoshi Hideji
Published: October 2023

We have developed a fiber laser system that produces 142 fs pulses at 1.8 µm and demonstrated in vivo three/four-photon fluorescence microscopy. We observe cortical neurons at a depth of 0.8 mm from the brain surface by three-photon excitation and astrocytes at a depth of 0.2 mm by four-photon excitation.
Synthesis of Multi-GHz Ultrafast Pulse Trains via Harmonic Bandwidth Broadening of Electro-Optic Frequency Combs
Authors: Seggebruch Michael W. L. , Barty Christopher P. J.
Published: October 2023

Relative to a standard electro-optic frequency comb (EOFC) generating architecture, we present ~2-4x shorter ultrafast pulses and ~7x less pulse duration variation across a 6-15 GHz repetition rate range via Harmonic Bandwidth Broadening, i.e. the generation of EOFCs with harmonics of the intended repetition rates and subsequent pulse picking.
Space-Time Correlated Foci of Exotic Spatially Chirped Femtosecond Beams
Authors: Nelson Eric C. , Barty Christopher P.J.
Published: October 2023

Using custom wave propagation software developed in a Python3 framework, we analyze the foci of exotic spatially chirped beams and discuss their practical implementations. Focusing of these novel spatially chirped beams results in highly tunable on-axis pulse envelope velocities and interesting and potentially useful transverse spatial structures.
Advancements in High Fluence Multilayer Dielectric Gratings for Ultrafast Lasers
Authors: Nguyen Hoang T. , Hickman Brad , Jackson Candis , Nissen James , Tardif Sean , Gaul Erhard , Kramer Daniel
Published: October 2023

The advent of high energy, high peak power laser systems through chirped pulse amplification (CPA) in broadband solid-state gain media has opened new avenues into High Energy Density, High Field and Material Science research. There are ongoing efforts at numerous institutions in Europe, USA, and China that are striving to achieve output powers up to 200 PW [1]. One main limitation of total laser energy output is the damage threshold and physical size of diffraction gratings. For the 10 PW (1.5 kJ, 150 fs) ELI-Beamline L4 Aton laser [2,3], we have developed a new class of meter-sized, multilayer dielectric (MLD) gratings based a low-dispersion design of 1136 lines/mm for a Littrow out-of-plane compressor design operating at 1060 nm. This new class of MLD gratings allows for approximately 4X more total energy on grating compared to the present state of the art. Fabrication of a 850 mm wide x 700 mm tall grating resulted in 98.7% efficiency with 0.3% uniformity at 1060 nm.
Advances in ultrafast kilowatt average power cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG lasers and applications at Colorado State University
Authors: Wang Yong , Dehne Kristian , Higginson Adam , Chi Han , Chvykov Vladimir , Davenport Aaron , Menoni Carmen S. , Rocca Jorge J.
Published: October 2023

Ultrafast pulses of Joule-level energy at kiloHertz repetition rate open new applications. We demonstrated a kW average power cryogenically-cooled Yb:YAG laser that generates picosecond pulses with record energy, >1 J, and efficient doubling of ns J pulses at 1 kHz. Laser filamentation and electrical discharge guiding in air was studied.
Relativistic nanophotonics: creating extreme environments with ultrafast ultra-intense lasers and nanostructures
Authors: Rocca J.J. , Hollinger R. , Wang S. , Capeluto M. , Wang Y. , Clark J. , Shepherd R. , Emig J. , Magee E. , Tommasini R. , Nedbailo R. , Song H. , Pukhov A. , Shlyaptsev V. N
Published: October 2023

Irradiation of ordered nanostructures with ultrafast laser pulses of relativistic intensity creates extreme states of matter and beams of high energy particles. We report ultrafast X-ray K-shell emission measurements of nanowire arrays irradiated at 3x1021Wcm-2 and demonstrate rapid lateral electron heat conduction plays a critical role in the plasma dynamics.
Towards a single-stage 100-eV HHG source
Authors: Drs Jakub , Fischer Julian , Müller Michael , Modsching Norbert , Ullsperger Tobias , Wittwer Valentin J. , Südmeyer Thomas
Published: October 2023

We discuss the recent progress of our intra-oscillator based HHG system operating at 17 MHz repetition rate. We implemented a pierced mirror as an XUV outcoupling mechanism and demonstrated HHG in neon reaching photon energies of 70 eV, which we expect to increase toward 100 eV in the near future.
Soft X-ray continua generation via HHG with sub-cycle synthesized laser fields
Authors: Scheiba Fabian , Mainz Roland E. , Rossi Giulio Maria , Silva-Toledo Miguel A. , Kubullek Maximilian , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: October 2023

Isolated attosecond soft X-ray continua are presented as generated with a synthesized infrared laser field. Sub-cycle non-sinusoidal electric fields supersede the need for any gating techniques. A vast scan of multiple synthesis parameters is presented and the interplay of waveform dependent macroscopic effects for synthesized sub-cycle driving pulse are discussed.
Profiling lipidomic changes in dengue-resistant and dengue-susceptible strains of Colombian Aedes aegypti after dengue virus challenge
Authors: Elliott Keenan , Caicedo Paola A. , Haunerland Norbert H. , Lowenberger Carl
Published: October 2023

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector for all four serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV1-4), which infect millions across the globe each year. Traditional insecticide programs have been transiently effective at minimizing cases; however, insecticide resistance and habitat expansion have caused cases of DENV to surge over the last decade. There is an urgent need to develop novel vector control measures, but these are contingent on a detailed understanding of host-parasite interactions. Here, we have utilized lipidomics to survey the profiles of naturally DENV-resistant (Cali-MIB) or susceptible (Cali-S) populations of Ae. aegypti, isolated from Cali, Colombia, when fed on blood meals containing DENV. Control insects were fed on a DENV-free blood meal. Midguts were dissected from Cali-MIB and Cali-S females at three time points post-infectious blood meal, 18, 24 and 36h, to identify changes in the lipidome at key times associated with the entry, replication and exit of DENV from midgut cells. We used principal component analysis to visualize broad patterns in lipidomic profiles between the treatment groups, and significance analysis of microarray to determine lipids that were altered in response to viral challenge. These data can be used to identify molecules or metabolic pathways particular to the susceptible or refractory phenotypes, and possibly lead to the generation of stable, DENV-resistant strains of Ae. aegypti.