bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of machine learning methods predicting the axial vibration frequencies of microbars
Authors: Tariq Aiman , Uzun Büşra , Deliktaş Babür , Yaylı Mustafa Özgür
Published: January 2024

Microbars are one of the important components of microelectromechanical systems. With the recent increase in their applications, the importance of understanding their mechanical response has become an important topic. In this study, for the first time, the mechanical behavior of microbars based on the strain gradient theory is investigated using a machine learning (ML) approach. Four distinct ML models, namely artificial neural network (ANN), support vector regression (SVR), decision tree regression (DTR), and random forest regression (RFR), are developed for microbars with clamped boundary conditions. The performance of these models is individually assessed using five different metrics: coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE). The best‐performing model is selected based on these comparisons. Additionally, a semi‐analytical approach is employed to determine the natural frequencies of microbars under general elastic boundary conditions using the Fourier sine series and Stokes' transform. While theR2value for all four models indicated a good fit of 0.999, the percentage difference in MAE and RMSE values between the training and testing data for DTR and RFR models was relatively higher as compared to ANN and SVR. The results showed that ANN and SVR models exhibit the best performance in predicting the natural frequencies on both training and testing data across all three metrics. Finally, a study on the free axial vibration frequencies of microbar under various effects was conducted.
Definition of a Set of Indicators for the EV Impact Assessment
Authors: Strelec Martin , Hering Pavel , Janecek Per
Published: January 2024

Technological, market, regulatory and societal drivers in the energy domain have significant impacts on power systems. These impacts are related to individual technical processes (e.g. operation, planning), which may be considered in different time frames. Power system impacts are mostly determined by measurable indicators, which can be defined in various ways. This chapter focuses on the presentation of commonly used measurable indicators for grid impact assessment in the field of EVs integration. Because technical processes may run in different time horizons, suitability of collected measurable indicators to three different time domains (real time, short term operation planning and long term planning) are discussed and assessed.
Copyright Content Moderation in the European Union: State of the Art, Ways Forward and Policy Recommendations
Authors: Quintais João Pedro , Katzenbach Christian , Schwemer Sebastian Felix , Dergacheva Daria , Riis Thomas , Mezei Péter , Harkai István , Magalhães João Carlos
Published: January 2024

This Opinion describes and summarises the results of the interdisciplinary research carried out by the authors during the course of a three-year project on intermediaries’ practices regarding copyright content moderation. This research includes the mapping of the EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices regarding copyright content moderation, the evaluation and measuring of the impact of moderation practices and technologies on access and diversity, and a set of policy recommendations. Our recommendations touch on the following topics: the definition of “online content-sharing service provider”; the recognition and operationalisation of user rights; the complementary nature of complaint and redress safeguards; the scope of permissible preventive filtering; the clarification of the relationship between Art. 17 of the new Copyright Directive and the Digital Services Act; monetisation and restrictive content moderation actions; recommender systems and copyright content moderation; transparency and data access for researchers; trade secret protection and transparency of content moderation systems; the relationship between the copyright acquis, the Digital Services Act and the upcoming Artificial Intelligence Act; and human competences in copyright content moderation.
Coherent Interannual–Decadal Potential Temperature Variability in the Tropical–North Pacific Ocean and Deep South China Sea
Authors: Lin Yuxin , Gan Jianping , Cai Zhongya , Quan Qi , Zu Tingting , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: January 2024

Climate variability over the Tropical and North Pacific Ocean (TPO and NPO, respectively) modulates marginal sea variability. The South China Sea (SCS), the largest marginal sea in the western NPO, is an outstanding example of a region that responds quickly to climate change. However, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the response of the deep SCS to large‐scale climate variability. Multivariate empirical orthogonal function analysis revealed three prominent modes of interconnected temperature anomaly fluctuations within the TPO and NPO. These coherent modes highlight the interactive dynamics among climate variations and reveal their modulation mechanisms for previously less explored potential temperature variabilities in the deep SCS. On the atmospheric bridge, external forces modify the upper‐layer Luzon Strait Transport (LST) by adjusting the Ekman transport and Kuroshio intrusion. For the oceanic pathway, climate variations disturb the deep‐layer LST by adjusting the barotropic flows in the upper layer.
Deep Atlantic Multidecadal Variability
Authors: Yang Jiajun , Li Jianping , An Qirong
Published: January 2024

Investigating deep‐sea temperature variability is essential for understanding deep‐sea variability and its profound impacts on climate. The first mode in the Atlantic is referred to as Deep Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (DAMV), characterized by a north‐south dipole pattern in the mid‐high latitudes with a quasi‐period of 20–50 years. The DAMV and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, despite a statistical discrepancy, may be different responses to ocean heat transport (OHT) driven by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at distinct depths separately. The relationship between the DAMV and the AMOC is established, indicating the AMOC is likely to transport surface heat downwards by deep convection and contribute to such dipole pattern in the deep Atlantic. Furthermore, meridional OHT proves the AMOC can explain the DAMV variation as a dynamic driver. These results reinforce the importance of deep‐sea studies concerning the Atlantic climate system.
Responses of Ionospheric Radial Currents to Subauroral Polarization Streams During Quiet Periods
Authors: Xia Hao , Wang Hui , Zhang Kedeng , Zhong Yunfang , Qian Chengyu , Wang Chengzhi , Sun Yu
Published: January 2024

Using 4 years of ionospheric radial current (IRC) from Swarm and ion velocity from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, our work investigates the response of IRC to the subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) during the quiet time for the first time. Both noontime (magnetic local time, MLT 11–14) inward and duskside (MLT 18–19) outward IRC get strengthened in amplitude. The noontime inward ΔIRC is attributed to the penetration westward electric field at low‐mid latitudes. It drives the poleward Hall currents and equatorward polarization electric field, which maps to the dip equator to form an inward ΔIRC at F layer. At dusk, the SAPS‐poleward electric field could directly penetrate to the low‐mid latitudes, mapping to the dip equator to drive the outward ΔIRC. The substorms‐associated westward electric field is also critical in modulation of ΔIRC, resulting in a larger inward (weaker outward) ΔIRC under high auroral electrojet (AE) index than that under low AE around noon (dusk).
Longitudinal Development of Cosmic Noise Absorption Based on Multipoint Observations at Subauroral Latitudes During Storm‐Time Substorms on 25–28 August 2018
Authors: Kato Yuto , Shiokawa Kazuo , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Ozaki Mitsunori , Kadokura Akira , Oyama Shin‐ichiro , Oinats Alexey , Connors Martin , Baishev Dmitry
Published: January 2024

Enhancements in electron density in the D‐region ionosphere attributed to the precipitation of high‐energy electrons, have previously been inferred from increases in cosmic radio noise absorption (CNA) using ground‐based riometers. However, there have been few studies of CNA observations at multi‐point stations distributed in longitudes. Thus, the spatio‐temporal development of the global distribution of CNA is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the longitudinal extent of CNA using simultaneous riometer observations at six stations at subauroral latitudes in Canada, Alaska, Russia, and Iceland. These stations are located encircling the earth at ∼60° north magnetic latitudes. We have conducted simultaneous observations of CNA at these stations since October 2017. Here we focus on seven substorms during a geomagnetic storm 25–28 August 2018 and study the spatio‐temporal development of the global distribution of CNA during these substorms. For all seven substorms, some stations observed CNA enhancements after the substorm onsets. In five cases, the CNA enhancements started around midnight and expanded eastward. The other two cases show westward and anti‐sunward development of CNA. The eastward expansion of CNA indicates the eastward drift of high‐energy electrons, which is the source of the CNA, due to gradient and curvature drift in the geomagnetic field. The westward expansion of CNA may correspond to westward expansion of the substorm injection region due to dawn‐to‐dusk electric fields. These results indicate that spatio‐temporal development of CNA at subauroral latitudes corresponds to high energy electron drift in the inner magnetosphere.
Process‐Based Intercomparison of Water Isotope‐Enabled Models and Reanalysis Nudging Effects
Authors: Bong Hayoung , Cauquoin Alexandre , Okazaki Atsushi , Chang Eun‐Chul , Werner Martin , Wei Zhongwang , Yeo Namgu , Yoshimura Kei
Published: January 2024

The products from the Stable Water Isotope Intercomparison Group, Phase 2, are currently used for numerous studies, allowing water isotope model‐data comparisons with various isotope‐enabled atmospheric general circulation model (AGCMs) outputs. However, the simulations under this framework were performed using different parameterizations and forcings. Therefore, a uniform experimental design with state‐of‐the‐art AGCMs is required to interpret isotope observations rigorously. Here, we evaluate the outputs from three isotope‐enabled numerical models nudged by three different reanalysis products and investigate the ability of the isotope‐enabled AGCMs to reproduce the spatial and temporal patterns of water isotopic composition observed at the surface and in the atmospheric airborne water. Through correlation analyses at various spatial and temporal scales, we found that the model's performance depends on the model or reanalysis we use, the observations we compare, and the vertical levels we select. Moreover, we employed the stable isotope mass balance method to conduct decomposition analyses on the ratio of isotopic changes in the atmosphere. Our goal was to elucidate the spread in simulated atmospheric column δ18O, which is influenced by factors such as evaporation, precipitation, and horizontal moisture flux. Satisfying the law of conservation of water isotopes, this budget method is expected to explain various fractionation phenomena in atmospheric meteorological and climatic events. It also aims to highlight the spreads in modeled isotope results among different experiments using multiple models and reanalyses, which are primarily dominated by uncertainties in moisture flux and precipitation, respectively.
Impact of Lightning‐Induced Nitrogen Oxides Over and Around the Tibetan Plateau on the Tibetan Plateau Ozone Valley
Authors: Liu Zhou , Guo Fengxia , Zhang Yuqiang , Wu Zeyi , Lu Xian , Deng Jie , Chen Ke , Wang Qingyuan , He Miao
Published: January 2024

Lightning‐induced nitrogen oxides (LNOx) can affect ozone (O3) through photochemical processes. However, the impact of LNOx on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) O3 valley, an area with a lower O3 column compared to surrounding areas, remains controversial. Prior to this study, the impact of monsoonal transport on LNOx and related effects on the TP O3 valley has been overlooked. The objectives of this study are to differentiate between locally generated LNOx and monsoon‐transported LNOx over the TP and to evaluate their impacts on tropospheric NOx vertical column density, tropospheric column O3, and O3 at different altitudes. The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry model was used to replicate LNOx, NOx, and O3 over the TP during July 2010, for which nesting techniques and sensitivity experiments were implemented. The findings emphasize the importance of LNOx as a source of NOx in this region, with nonlocal lightning activity being the primary source. Conversely, the influence of locally generated LNOx on NOx levels over the TP is comparatively minor. Overall, LNOx contributes to an increase in O3 over the TP, but one order lower than the O3 depletion. The impact of LNOx on O3 varies across different altitude ranges; it is broadly “C” shaped, reflecting increase in O3 at near‐surface and in upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) regions and decrease in the middle troposphere. The increase in surface‐level O3 over the TP is mainly caused by monsoon‐transported LNOx, while locally generated LNOx also plays a crucial role in O3 formation in the UTLS region.
Influence of Internal Climate System Forcing on the Relationship Between North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones and Saharan Dust
Authors: Zhang Zhenxi , Zhou Wen
Published: January 2024

This study explores the role of internal climate system forcing in the relationship between dust and tropical cyclones (TCs). Here internal climate system forcing includes the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), Sahel rainfall, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The dust‐TC relationship is evaluated through statistical analyses of 42‐year (1980–2021) reanalysis and observation data sets for TCs and the Saharan dust plume over the North Atlantic. In August, the negative correlation between dust and TCs in the region east of the Florida Peninsula and north of the Caribbean Sea is inhibited by AMO, AMM, and ENSO and promoted by NAO. In September, the positive correlation between dust and TCs in the eastern US and its adjacent ocean is inhibited by Sahel rainfall and promoted by AMO, AMM, and ENSO. In October, the positive correlation between dust and TCs in the southeastern US is promoted by Sahel rainfall and inhibited by AMO, AMM, and ENSO. The leading climate mode influence on the dust‐TC relationship comes from AMO in August and September, and ENSO in October. The dust‐TC relationship in September and October indicates an increase in TC landfalls over the continental US accompanied by a strengthened Saharan dust plume, which further affects the hydrology of the continental US on an interdecadal timescale by reducing land moisture in September and increasing it in October, as determined by the location of TC landfalls, topography, and the impact of climate mode.
Fault Geometry and Late Quaternary Kinematics Along the Tieluzi Fault: Implications for Tectonic Deformation and Eastward Expansion of the Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Li Xinnan , Pierce Ian K. D. , Sun Kai , Li Junjie , Yang Huili , You Zicheng , Liu Shufeng , Zhang Zhuqi , Li Chuanyou , Zheng Wenjun , Zhang Peizhen
Published: January 2024

The Tieluzi Fault is the largest structure in the East Qinling Mountains, and is considered to be the easternmost continuation of the Altyn Tagh‐Haiyuan‐Qinling Fault System (AHQFS) that allows the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau and South China Block. We studied the fault geometry and kinematics of the Tieluzi Fault using field investigations, detailed interpretations of high‐resolution satellite imagery and digital elevation models, and late Quaternary dating methods. Paleoseismic investigations indicate that the most recent earthquake along the Tieluzi Fault occurred before 1,500–1,300 cal. BP. Geological and geomorphological observations show that segments west of Lushi County are more active than those to the east. The spatial variations in tectonic activity along the Tieluzi Fault are interpreted to be related to four possible mechanisms: strike change, discontinuity, intersection, and branch. The late Quaternary left‐lateral slip rate is determined to be 0.9 ± 0.1 mm/yr on the Tieluzi Fault. The prominent left‐lateral faulting along the Tieluzi Fault suggests that most of the left‐lateral displacement along the eastern AHQFS has been accommodated by the Tieluzi Fault, which forms the most frontier of the eastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, we suggest that the left‐lateral faulting in the East Qinling Mountains is a response to relative eastward motion of the South China block pushed by the Tibetan Plateau with respect to the North China Plain Block. Also, our results indicate that the Tibetan Plateau has undergone a stepwise eastward expansion.
Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites
Authors: Anantharaman Surendra B. , Lynch Jason , Stevens Christopher E. , Munley Christopher , Li Chentao , Hou Jin , Zhang Hao , Torma Andrew , Darlington Thomas , Coen Francis , Li Kevin , Majumdar Arka , Schuck P. James , Mohite Aditya , Harutyunyan Hayk , Hendrickson Joshua R. , Jariwala Deep
Published: January 2024

Excitons, bound electron–hole pairs, in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites (2D HOIPs) are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons (E–Ps) when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical cavity. In the case of 2D HOIPs, they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the excitons. However, the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs, including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces, remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that >0.5 µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P modes. These E–Ps have high Q factors (>100) and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and emission. Through varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements, we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–Ps. Finally, we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at interfaces. Our findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.
Metal to insulator transition for conducting polymers in plasmonic nanogaps
Authors: Xiong Yuling , Chikkaraddy Rohit , Readman Charlie , Hu Shu , Xiong Kunli , Peng Jialong , Lin Qianqi , Baumberg Jeremy J.
Published: January 2024

Conjugated polymers are promising material candidates for many future applications in flexible displays, organic circuits, and sensors. Their performance is strongly affected by their structural conformation including both electrical and optical anisotropy. Particularly for thin layers or close to crucial interfaces, there are few methods to track their organization and functional behaviors. Here we present a platform based on plasmonic nanogaps that can assess the chemical structure and orientation of conjugated polymers down to sub-10 nm thickness using light. We focus on a representative conjugated polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), of varying thickness (2-20 nm) while it undergoes redox in situ. This allows dynamic switching of the plasmonic gap spacer through a metal-insulator transition. Both dark-field (DF) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra track the optical anisotropy and orientation of polymer chains close to a metallic interface. Moreover, we demonstrate how this influences both optical and redox switching for nanothick PEDOT devices.
Label-free biosensing with singular-phase-enhanced lateral position shift based on atomically thin plasmonic nanomaterials
Authors: Zhu Shaodi , Jaffiol Rodolphe , Crunteanu Aurelian , Vézy Cyrille , Chan Sik-To , Yuan Wu , Ho Ho-Pui , Zeng Shuwen
Published: January 2024

Rapid plasmonic biosensing has attracted wide attention in early disease diagnosis and molecular biology research. However, it was still challenging for conventional angle-interrogating plasmonic sensors to obtain higher sensitivity without secondary amplifying labels such as plasmonic nanoparticles. To address this issue, we developed a plasmonic biosensor based on the enhanced lateral position shift by phase singularity. Such singularity presents as a sudden phase retardation at the dark point of reflection from resonating plasmonic substrate, leading to a giant position shift on reflected beam. Herein, for the first time, the atomically thin layer of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) on silver nanofilm was demonstrated as a novel phase-response-enhancing plasmonic material. The GST layer was not only precisely engineered to singularize phase change but also served as a protective layer for active silver nanofilm. This new configuration has achieved a record-breaking largest position shift of 439.3 μm measured in calibration experiments with an ultra-high sensitivity of 1.72 × 108 nm RIU−1 (refractive index unit). The detection limit was determined to be 6.97 × 10−7 RIU with a 0.12 μm position resolution. Besides, a large figure of merit (FOM) of 4.54 × 1011 μm (RIU∙°)−1 was evaluated for such position shift interrogation, enabling the labelfree detection of trace amounts of biomolecules. In targeted biosensing experiments, the optimized sensor has successfully detected small cytokine biomarkers (TNF-α and IL-6) with the lowest concentration of 1 × 10−16 M. These two molecules are the key proinflammatory cancer markers in clinical diagnosis, which cannot be directly screened by current clinical techniques. To further validate the selectivity of our sensing systems, we also measured the affinity of integrin binding to arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptide (a key protein interaction in cell adhesion) with different Mn2+ ion concentrations, ranging from 1 nM to 1 mM.
Multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated combining therapy for human diseases
Authors: Li Xiaotong , Peng Xiuju , Zoulikha Makhloufi , Boafo George Frimpong , Magar Kosheli Thapa , Ju Yanmin , He Wei
Published: January 2024

Combining existing drug therapy is essential in developing new therapeutic agents in disease prevention and treatment. In preclinical investigations, combined effect of certain known drugs has been well established in treating extensive human diseases. Attributed to synergistic effects by targeting various disease pathways and advantages, such as reduced administration dose, decreased toxicity, and alleviated drug resistance, combinatorial treatment is now being pursued by delivering therapeutic agents to combat major clinical illnesses, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, myocarditis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Combinatorial therapy involves combining or co-delivering two or more drugs for treating a specific disease. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery systems, i.e., liposomal NPs, polymeric NPs and nanocrystals, are of great interest in combinatorial therapy for a wide range of disorders due to targeted drug delivery, extended drug release, and higher drug stability to avoid rapid clearance at infected areas. This review summarizes various targets of diseases, preclinical or clinically approved drug combinations and the development of multifunctional NPs for combining therapy and emphasizes combinatorial therapeutic strategies based on drug delivery for treating severe clinical diseases. Ultimately, we discuss the challenging of developing NP-codelivery and translation and provide potential approaches to address the limitations. This review offers a comprehensive overview for recent cutting-edge and challenging in developing NP-mediated combination therapy for human diseases.
EZH2 inhibitors promote β-like cell regeneration in young and adult type 1 diabetes donors
Authors: Al-Hasani Keith , Marikar Safiya Naina , Kaipananickal Harikrishnan , Maxwell Scott , Okabe Jun , Khurana Ishant , Karagiannis Thomas , Liang Julia J. , Mariana Lina , Loudovaris Thomas , Kay Thomas , El-Osta Assam
Published: January 2024

β-cells are a type of endocrine cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize, store and release insulin. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), T-cells of the immune system selectively destroy the insulin-producing β-cells. Destruction of these cells leads to a lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin administration for survival. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapies that stimulate β-cell growth and induce β-cell function. We and others have shown that pancreatic ductal progenitor cells are a promising source for regenerating β-cells for T1D owing to their inherent differentiation capacity. Default transcriptional suppression is refractory to exocrine reaction and tightly controls the regenerative potential by the EZH2 methyltransferase. In the present study, we show that transient stimulation of exocrine cells, derived from juvenile and adult T1D donors to the FDA-approved EZH2 inhibitors GSK126 and Tazemetostat (Taz) influence a phenotypic shift towards a β-like cell identity. The transition from repressed to permissive chromatin states are dependent on bivalent H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 chromatin modification. Targeting EZH2 is fundamental to β-cell regenerative potential. Reprogrammed pancreatic ductal cells exhibit insulin production and secretion in response to a physiological glucose challenge ex vivo. These pre-clinical studies underscore the potential of small molecule inhibitors as novel modulators of ductal progenitor differentiation and a promising new approach for the restoration of β-like cell function.
Ion emission from 1–10 MDa salt clusters: individual charge state resolution with charge detection mass spectrometry
Authors: McPartlan Matthew S. , Harper Conner C. , Hanozin Emeline , Williams Evan R.
Published: January 2024

A recently developed method enables the loss of individual charges from 1 to 10 MDa salt clusters to be resolved using charge detection mass spectrometry. This technique is well suited for investigating the mechanics of late stage ion formation.
Planar three-coordinate iron(ii) complexes supported by sterically demanding –Si(SiMe3)2(SiMe2tBu) ligands
Authors: Ishii Reon , Sunada Yusuke
Published: January 2024

Introduction of the sterically demanding organosilyl ligand –Si(SiMe3)2(SiMe2tBu) on an iron(ii) center led to the construction of coordinatively unsaturated three-coordinate complexes Fe[Si(SiMe3)2(SiMe2tBu)]2(L) (L = THF, NHC).
Silicon-enriched meat positively improves plasma lipidaemia and lipoproteinaemia, LDLr, and insulin capability and the signalling pathway induced by an atherogenic diet in late-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus rats
Authors: Hernández-Martín Marina , Macho-González Adrián , Garcimartín Alba , López-Oliva Mª Elvira , Bocanegra Aránzazu , Redondo-Castillejo Rocío , Bastida Sara , Benedí Juana , Sánchez-Muniz Francisco J.
Published: January 2024

Silicon-enriched meat vs. control meat improves dyslipaemia, oxidation, and HOMA-beta levels in rat, leading to a less advanced late-stage T2DM by improving the increase in faecal fat excretion and reducing plasma triglyceride and VLDL presence.
Ginsenoside Rb2 exhibits therapeutic value for male osteoporosis in orchiectomy mice by suppressing osteoclastogenesis and modulating NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Ma Yanhuai , Li Jianliang , Mai Jiale , Guo Huizhi , Ding Lingli , Li Jinglan , Xiao Jiacong , Li Miao , Fang Weihua , Zhang Shuncong , Xu Liangliang , Wang Haibin
Published: January 2024

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic disorder characterized by decreased bone mass as well as deteriorated microarchitecture.
Anti-cancer effects of bis-oxidized thiopyran derivatives on non-small cell lung cancer: rational design, synthesis, and activity evaluation
Authors: Zhang Han , Chu Cilong , Long Li , Zheng Pengwu , Zhu Wufu
Published: January 2024

A series of bis-oxidized thiopyran derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their activity against 4 cancer cell lines.
Modular three-component synthesis of 6H-benzochromenone based blue luminogens under catalyst- and solvent-free conditions
Authors: Pavithra Thangavel , Gnanaoli Karthiyayini , Rajkumar Deepan Babu , Puhazhendhi Arulmozhi , Sivalingam Soumya , Sampath Natarajan , Nagarajan Subbiah , Sridharan Vellaisamy , Maheswari C. Uma
Published: January 2024

Highly efficient synthesis of benzochromenone based blue luminogens via a three-component reaction of 2-hydroxychalcones, primary amines and β-ketoesters was demonstrated.
Experimental study of CO2 capture from air via steam-assisted temperature-vacuum swing adsorption with a compact kg-scale pilot unit
Authors: Schellevis H. M. , Brilman D. W. F.
Published: January 2024

Reactor design and process performance evaluation.
Facile electrocatalytic proton reduction by a [Fe–Fe]-hydrogenase bio-inspired synthetic model bearing a terminal CN− ligand
Authors: Nayek Abhijit , Dey Subal , Patra Suman , Rana Atanu , Serrano Pauline N. , George Simon J. , Cramer Stephen P. , Ghosh Dey Somdatta , Dey Abhishek
Published: January 2024

An azadithiolate bridged CN− bound pentacarbonyl bis-iron complex, mimicking the active site of [Fe–Fe] H2ase is synthesized, which effectively reduces H+ to H2 between pH 0–3 at diffusion-controlled rates (1011 M−1 s−1) i.e. 108 s−1 at pH 3 with an overpotential of 140 mV.
Research progress of Prussian blue and its analogues for cathodes of aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Shen Zhongrong , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: January 2024

We review the synthesis of Prussian blue and its analogues, as well as the energy storage mechanism and the impact of electrolyte on the electrode, to encourage active engagement from researchers interested in AZIBs and PBA cathode materials with the aim of advancing clean and safe energy storage.
Laboratory multistatic 3D SAR with polarimetry and sparse aperture sampling
Authors: Welsh Richard , Andre Daniel , Finnis Mark
Published: January 2024

With the advent of constellations of SAR satellites, and the possibility of swarms of SAR UAV's, there is increased interest in multistatic SAR image formation. This may provide advantages including allowing three‐dimensional image formation free of clutter overlay; the coherent combination of bistatic SAR geometries for improved image resolution; and the collection of additional scattering information, including polarimetric. The polarimetric collection may provide useful target information, such as its orientation, polarisability, or number of interactions with the radar signal; distributed receivers would be more likely to capture any bright specular responses from targets in the scene, making target outlines distinct. Highlight results from multistatic polarimetric SAR experiments at the Cranfield University GBSAR laboratory are presented, illustrating the utility of the approach for fully sampled 3D SAR image formation, and for sparse aperture SAR 3D point‐cloud generation with a newly developed volumetric multistatic interferometry algorithm.
Mitleid und Mitgefühl
Authors: Krause Rüdiger
Published: January 2024

Empathie, Mitleid und Mitgefühl werden oft synonym verwendet.
Schaut man genauer hin, ergeben sich deutliche Unterschiede, bis
hin zur Verarbeitung in unterschiedlichen Hirnarealen. Die Auseinandersetzung
mit dem Mitleid und dem Mitgefühl ist für jeden Therapeuten
unerlässlich und stellt eine wirksame Burnout-Prophylaxe
dar.
Funktionelle Stimmstörungen bei
Sängern
Authors: Kaltenbrunner Ulrike
Published: January 2024

Funktionelle Stimmstörungen bei professionellen Sängern
bezeichnet man als Dysodie. Was für uns Osteopathen nüchtern
eine medizinische Diagnose beschreibt, ist für professionelle
Sänger und auch für so manchen Hobbysänger ein Drama. Um
eine zielsichere und erfolgreiche Behandlung durchführen zu
können, müssen wir ein Verständnis für
Sänger und ihre berufliche Situation entwickeln. Dies gelingt, wenn wir
uns mit dem Berufsleben eines Sängers befassen. Professionelles Singen
funktioniert nicht von allein; es verlangt Disziplin, harte Arbeit und Verzicht.
Singen erfordert körperliche und mentale Gesundheit über einen
langen Zeitraum. Dieser Artikel soll einen Einblick in die Welt der
Sänger ermöglichen, um ihre besondere Situation zu verstehen.
Ziel ist es, nicht nur Ursachen einer Stimmstörung zu kennen, sondern
diese auch zu erkennen und sinnvoll zu behandeln.
Editorial
Authors: Engemann Katharina
Published: January 2024

Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,

ein gutes, gesundes neues Jahr 2024 wünsche ich Ihnen. Das mutet mich gerade
jetzt etwas absurd an, denn heute, während ich dieses Editorial schreibe,
ist es Anfang September. Ich hoffe in jedem Fall, dass wir wieder eine interessante
Ausgabe der DO für Sie zusammenstellen konnten. Seien Sie sich gewiss, dass
sich alle auch dieses Mal die größtmögliche Mühe
gegeben haben.
Knieverletzungen bei Fußballerinnen
Authors: Hüppmeier Eva-Marie , Halsband Birgit
Published: January 2024

Frauen erleiden 3–6-mal häufiger eine Ruptur des vorderen
Kreuzbands als Männer in derselben Sportdisziplin. Ob der weibliche
Menstruationszyklus einen Einfluss auf die Verletzungsanfälligkeit und
somit auf Trainings-, Präventions- und Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen
hat, wird aktuell kontrovers diskutiert. In diesem Artikel werden die neuesten
wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse aufgeführt und die osteopathischen
Behandlungsmöglichkeiten erläutert.
Uncovering the molten mantle of Mars
Authors: Sieben Jennifer
Published: January 2024

A delay in seismic-wave arrival times reveals the presence of an additional layer in the planet’s interior.
More Africans are pursuing STEM graduate studies in the US
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: January 2024

Postgraduation, they balance opportunities abroad with ways to help their home countries.
Join four African students for their MIT journeys
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: January 2024

The students share their academic and personal experiences and impressions.
Developing trustworthy AI for weather and climate
Authors: McGovern Amy , Tissot Philippe , Bostrom Ann
Published: January 2024

By improving the prediction, understanding, and communication of powerful events in the atmosphere and ocean, artificial intelligence can revolutionize how communities respond to climate change.
More is known about him than about her: Tatiana Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa
Authors: van der Heijden Margriet
Published: January 2024

Tatiana Afanassjewa and Paul Ehrenfest, her husband, shared their love for physics and mathematics, but their ideal of studying and working together went against the zeitgeist.
Why woodpeckers don’t get concussions
Authors: Van Wassenbergh Sam , Mielke Maja
Published: January 2024

Contrary to popular belief, the birds don’t have shock absorbers in their heads.
Cell wall epitope distribution in the functional compartments of galls induced by Palaeomystella oligophaga (Lepidoptera) in Macairea radula (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Santos Patrícia Dias , Bragança Gracielle Pereira Pimenta , Kuster Vinícius Coelho , Rocha Diego Ismael , Oliveira Denis Coelho de
Published: January 2024

Context The parasitic interaction between the galling insect Palaeomystella oligophaga (Lepidoptera) and the host plant tissues of Macairea radula (Melastomataceae) leads to the formation of globoid galls. These galls have storage and typical nutritive tissues (outer and inner compartments, respectively), whose functions may be related to differential cell wall component distributions and to the stage of development of the gall inducer. Aims We evaluated whether the cell wall composition of the gall compartments (storage and nutritive tissues) changes according to the developmental stage of the gall inducer P. oligophaga. Methods The galls occupied by the gall inducer in different stages of development (i.e. larval and pupal stages, as well as empty galls) were collected and submitted to histological examination, immunocytochemical analyses using monoclonal antibodies for pectins, hemicelluloses, and glycoproteins, and histochemical analyses using phloroglucinol for lignins. Key results The histological results showed that nutritive tissues have smaller cells compared with storage ones when the galling insect is in the larval stage. Immunocytochemical analyses also showed the occurrence of both methyl-esterified and unesterified pectins, as well hemicelluloses in the nutritive tissue during the larval stage. The dynamic of some cell wall components changes when the gall inducer is in the pupal stage, or the galls are empty. Conclusions The changes in the composition of the cell walls, especially regarding homogalacturonans and xyloglucans, support the high metabolism and resource availability in cell walls of nutritive tissue for the gall inducer. Implications The cell wall composition may indicate important metabolic steps during gall formation and galling insect diet.
M-Ionic: prediction of metal-ion-binding sites from sequence using residue embeddings
Authors: Shenoy Aditi , Kalakoti Yogesh , Sundar Durai , Elofsson Arne
Published: January 2024

Motivation

Understanding metal–protein interaction can provide structural and functional insights into cellular processes. As the number of protein sequences increases, developing fast yet precise computational approaches to predict and annotate metal-binding sites becomes imperative. Quick and resource-efficient pre-trained protein language model (pLM) embeddings have successfully predicted binding sites from protein sequences despite not using structural or evolutionary features (multiple sequence alignments). Using residue-level embeddings from the pLMs, we have developed a sequence-based method (M-Ionic) to identify metal-binding proteins and predict residues involved in metal binding.

Results

On independent validation of recent proteins, M-Ionic reports an area under the curve (AUROC) of 0.83 (recall = 84.6%) in distinguishing metal binding from non-binding proteins compared to AUROC of 0.74 (recall = 61.8%) of the next best method. In addition to comparable performance to the state-of-the-art method for identifying metal-binding residues (Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+), M-Ionic provides binding probabilities for six additional ions (i.e. Cu2+, Po43−, So42−, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+). We show that the pLM embedding of a single residue contains sufficient information about its neighbours to predict its binding properties.

Availability and implementation

M-Ionic can be used on your protein of interest using a Google Colab Notebook (https://bit.ly/40FrRbK). The GitHub repository (https://github.com/TeamSundar/m-ionic) contains all code and data.
Shared Minds, Shared Feedback: tracing the influence of parental feedback on shared neural patterns
Authors: Zhang Juan , Wang Yihui , Mao Yidi , Leong Chantat , Yuan Zhen
Published: January 2024

Parental feedback affects children in multiple ways. However, little is known about how children, family, and feedback types affect parental feedback neural mechanisms. The current study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based hyperscanning to observe 47 mother–daughter pairs’s (mean age of mothers: 35.95 ± 3.99 yr old; mean age of daughters: 6.97 ± 0.75 yr old) brain synchronization in a jigsaw game under various conditions. Between parental negative feedback and praise conditions, mother–daughter brain in supramarginal gyrus, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right inferior frontal gyrus, and right primary somatic (S1) differed. When criticized, conformity family-communication-patterned families had much worse brain synchronization in S1, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and right Wernicke’s region than conversational families. Resilient children had better mother–child supramarginal gyrus synchronicity under negative feedback. This study supports the importance of studying children’s neurological development in nurturing environments to assess their psychological development.
A new approach for solving global optimization and engineering problems based on modified sea horse optimizer
Authors: Hashim Fatma A , Mostafa Reham R , Khurma Ruba Abu , Qaddoura Raneem , Castillo Pedro A
Published: January 2024

Sea horse optimizer (SHO) is a noteworthy metaheuristic algorithm that emulates various intelligent behaviors exhibited by sea horses, encompassing feeding patterns, male reproductive strategies, and intricate movement patterns. To mimic the nuanced locomotion of sea horses, SHO integrates the logarithmic helical equation and Levy flight, effectively incorporating both random movements with substantial step sizes and refined local exploitation. Additionally, the utilization of Brownian motion facilitates a more comprehensive exploration of the search space. This study introduces a robust and high-performance variant of the SHO algorithm named modified sea horse optimizer (mSHO). The enhancement primarily focuses on bolstering SHO’s exploitation capabilities by replacing its original method with an innovative local search strategy encompassing three distinct steps: a neighborhood-based local search, a global non-neighbor-based search, and a method involving circumnavigation of the existing search region. These techniques improve mSHO algorithm’s search capabilities, allowing it to navigate the search space and converge toward optimal solutions efficiently. To evaluate the efficacy of the mSHO algorithm, comprehensive assessments are conducted across both the CEC2020 benchmark functions and nine distinct engineering problems. A meticulous comparison is drawn against nine metaheuristic algorithms to validate the achieved outcomes. Statistical tests, including Wilcoxon’s rank-sum and Friedman’s tests, are aptly applied to discern noteworthy differences among the compared algorithms. Empirical findings consistently underscore the exceptional performance of mSHO across diverse benchmark functions, reinforcing its prowess in solving complex optimization problems. Furthermore, the robustness of mSHO endures even as the dimensions of optimization challenges expand, signifying its unwavering efficacy in navigating complex search spaces. The comprehensive results distinctly establish the supremacy and efficiency of the mSHO method as an exemplary tool for tackling an array of optimization quandaries. The results show that the proposed mSHO algorithm has a total rank of 1 for CEC2020 test functions. In contrast, the mSHO achieved the best value for the engineering problems, recording a value of 0.012 665, 2993.634, 0.01 266, 1.724 967, 263.8915, 0.032 255, 58 507.14, 1.339 956, and 0.23 524 for the pressure vessel design, speed reducer design, tension/compression spring, welded beam design, three-bar truss engineering design, industrial refrigeration system, multi-product batch plant, cantilever beam problem, and multiple disc clutch brake problems, respectively. Source codes of mSHO are publicly available at https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/135882-improved-sea-horse-algorithm.
Lower extremity necrotizing fasciitis with iliopsoas abscess secondary to perforated colon cancer: a diagnosis not to miss
Authors: Lahham Elias E , Alsahouri Mohammad I , Ghweir Abdalrazeq A , Alsalah Qusai A , AlQadi Mohammad , Sarhan Nader
Published: January 2024

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening soft tissue infection, typically caused by preexisting conditions such as trauma, complicated intraabdominal infections, or even small wounds. However, it is very rare for NF to occur as a result of perforated colon cancer (CC). Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical findings, imaging, and laboratory tests. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for patient survival. In this study, we present a case of an 82-year-old female a known case of CC diagnosed 1 month ago. She presented with hip pain persisting for 10 days duration, along with skin changes over the proximal anterolateral aspect of the thigh. The patient was diagnosed with NF associated with an iliopsoas abscess caused by perforated CC that was managed with surgical debridement, left hemicolectomy, and end colostomy along with broad-spectrum antibiotics.
An extremely rare case of multiple small bowel intussusceptions in a 20-year-old female
Authors: Kelly Elaine , Murphy Amy E , Byrne James , Haidaran Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Intussusception, which is characterized by the invagination of one portion of the gastrointestinal tract into an adjacent segment, is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain in adults. Given that it is typically associated with identifiable pathological abnormalities, intussusception can pose a diagnostic challenge in adults due to its rarity and nonspecific symptomatology. This report presents a unique case of multiple small bowel intussusceptions in a 20-year-old female, which emphasizes the importance of clinical suspicion and advanced imaging for an accurate diagnosis.
Laparotomy closure using a surgical spoon
Authors: Bait Almal Tarek , AlDkhail Mohammad , Alharbi Norah , Abusulayman Lina
Published: January 2024

This study introduces the novel use of a surgical spoon in the closure of midline laparotomy and compares it to known instruments such as the malleable ribbon retractor and the fish glassman viscera retainer. The surgical spoon was implemented in multiple cases at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research center, to help close laparotomy incisions, specifically in hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy surgeries. Unlike currently available retainers, the spoon’s concave shape protects underlying viscera and guides the needle, during closure.
Prepubescent Electronic Cigarette Exposure Affects Sexual Motivation and Puberty in Female But Not Male Long-Evans Rats
Authors: Gale Amanda , Kelly Megan , Belfield Jasmine B , Williams Natalie , Fisher Mila , Guarraci Fay A , Stokes Jennifer A
Published: January 2024

Introduction

A method for delivering vaporized nicotine to animals has been developed using e-cigarette devices. The present experiment was designed to measure the effects of e-cigarette nicotine on pubertal onset and development of reproductive behavior in female and male Long-Evans rats.

Aim and Methods

Rats received daily 10-min sessions of electronic-cigarette vaporized nicotine (5% Virginia Tobacco JUUL Pods) or room air in a whole-body exposure chamber (postnatal day 28–31). Pubertal onset was monitored daily (ie, vaginal opening in females, preputial separation in males). Two weeks later, rats were tested for sexual motivation using the partner-preference paradigm, whereby subjects were given the opportunity to approach either a sexual partner or a same-sex social partner. Four weeks later, partner preference was assessed again, 10 min after rats were re-exposed to their same prepubertal treatment.

Results

We found that prepubescent electronic-cigarette vaporized nicotine disrupted puberty and sexual motivation in female but not male rats. In vaped females, vaginal opening was delayed and less time was spent with the male stimulus compared to room-air controls. In contrast, no effect of e-cigarette vapor was observed on pubertal onset or on any measures of sexual behavior in male rats. No effects were observed in either female or male rats on the second partner-preference test.

Conclusions

Prepubescent vaporized nicotine affected the development of reproductive physiology and behavior in female rats but not in male rats, whereas an additional acute exposure to nicotine vapor had no effect in either female or male adult rats.

Implications

Given the prevalence of increasingly younger users, more animal research is needed to explore the effects of e-cigarette smoking on multiple developmental systems including reproductive physiology and behavior. This model could be useful in exploring multiple behavioral and physiological endpoints in both sexes. Adjustments to the duration of exposure and control conditions will be necessary for future experiments to best model human use.