bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gaya Kepemimpinan KH. R. Sadad MB. Bukhori di Pondok Pesantren Asyrofuddin Conggeang Sumedang
Authors: Prayuda Irfan , Kuswana Dadang , Fakhruroji Moch
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang tipe kepemimpinan KH. R. Sadad MB. Bukhori dalam memimpin Pesantren. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif pendekatan kualitatif. Data penelitian diperoleh dari berbagai sumber primer dan sekunder dengan menggunakan tekhnik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, dan wawancara. Berdasarkan penelitian di lapangan dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: Pertama, pengambilan keputusan KH. R. Sadad MB. Bukhori dilakukan dengan proses musyawarah; Kedua, komunikasi Kyai Sadad dilakukan antara atasan dan bawahan, begitupun bawahan terhadap atasan dibangun komunikasi; Ketiga, pengawasan Kyai Sadad MB. Bukhori dilakukan secara langsung terhadap bawahannya, pengawasan yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan solusi. Secara umum penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa Keberhasilan yang dicapai dari kepemimpinan Kyai Sadad MB. Bukhori secara signifikan meningkat dan tipe kepemimpin beliau dikategorikan sebagai kepemimpinan demokratis.

This study aims to obtain objective information about the leadership type of KH. R. Sadad MB. Bukhori at Islamic Boarding School. The method used in this study is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data obtained from primary sources is taken from research results and secondary data from books and documents. While the technique of data collection is by observing and interviewing. The results showed that: First, decision making KH. R. Sadad MB. Bukhori is carried out by a process that is not unilateral but is carried out through a deliberation process; Second, communication KH. R. Sadad MB. Bukhori is carried out by a process whereby members communicate with superiors to subordinates as well as subordinates to superiors so as to cause beneficial reciprocity between the two parties; Third, the supervision of KH. R. Sadad MB. Bukhori is carried out by direct process of subordinates, supervision is not to find fault but rather to find solutions. In general, this study concluded that the success achieved from the leadership of KH. R. Sadad MB. Bukhori significantly increased, which can be seen from the education system implemented by pesantren and from the development of improved facilities.
Total Quality Management dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Lembaga Amil Zakat
Authors: Nisa Dina Qurotun , Kusnawan Aep , Herman Herman
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out (1) customer focus, (2) process improvement, (3)Total involvement in improving the quality of the Exact Zakat Center (PZU). The method used is descriptive method with the type of field research. Data collection is done by interview, observation and documentation. With the results of the research found, namely: (1). PZU Persis understands the position, rights and obligations of the customer as a focus on customers in improving the quality of the institution (2). PZU Exactly in terms of process improvement, has carried out a number of activities and breakthroughs oriented to the improvement of an institution (3). Total involvement, PZU Persis always involves all elements in the institution in all activities and policy making related to the institution and believes that integrated quality control will not succeed only with the strong will of the leadership, but must also be supported by the participation of employees, and vice versa . This study also indicates that in its theoretical implications, TQM can be applied to non-profit institutions.
Peran Kepemimpinan H. Ahmad Jayani dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Staf Pengajar
Authors: Marathon Dadan
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran kepemimpinan H. Ahmad Jayani dalam meningkatkan kinerja staf pengajar. Melalui pertama, peran pribadi yaitu peran sebagai figur head, leader, dan liasion. Kedua, peran sumber informasi yaitu peran sebagai monitor and desiminator, dan spoke person. Ketiga peran pembuat keputusan yaitu peran sebagai enterpreneur, distreubance handler dan negotiator.

This study aims to determine the leadership role of H. Ahmad Jayani in improving the performance of teaching staff. Through the first, a personal role that is the role as a figure head, leader, and liasion. Second, the role of the source of information is the role of monitor and desiminator, and spoke person. The three roles of decision makers are roles as entrepreneurs, distrubance handlers and negotiators.
A Study on the Process of Forming a Disability Identity: Focusing on Club Activities by Students with Disabilities in the University
Authors: Lee Juhee , Park Eunyoung ,   The Korean Society of Special Education, Moon Youngmin
Published: September 2020

This study examined the process of forming disability identity of university students with disabilities, using the grounded theory method. This study focused on 11 students with disabilities who have participated in club activities in universities. In-depth one-on-one interviews were used to collect data, which was recorded and transcribed. The grounded theory method of Strauss and Corbin(1998) was used for analysis, and a total of 65 concepts, 18

sub-categories and nine higher categories were derived. The core category of the analysis was “Understanding myself and others with disabilities”. As a result, four steps in the process of forming disability identities were identified: “fighting alone”, “encountering myself and others”, “overcoming obstacles together”, and “extending the understanding”. This study recognized and

proposed the need of support systems for club activities in universities related to disability for forming a disability identity.
Factors that influence the terminal grading of sands
Authors: Ferreira P. M. V. , Coop M. R.
Published: September 2020

Earlier research found that for a carbonate sand shearing to extremely large strains allowed the soil to reach a stable grading; findings also reported by others for a limited range of sands, typically sedimentary and often weak grained. This paper describes similar tests on a soil of very different geological origin, a weathered soil, that confirms similar patterns of behaviour. Tests investigating factors affecting the final grading for both soils indicated small effects of shearing velocity but significant effects of the initial grading, highlighting that the final fractal dimension is not a constant.
Encapsulation and Degradation Kinetics of Bioactive Compounds from Sweet Potato Peel During Storage
Authors: Šeregelj Vanja , Ćetković Gordana , Čanadanović-Brunet Jasna , Tumbas Šaponjac Vesna , Vulić Jelena , Stajčić Slađana
Published: September 2020

Research background: The aim of this work was to evaluate utilization of sweet potato peel as a source of bioactive compounds. The effect of solvents (acetone and acetone/ethanol mixture) on extraction efficiency of total carotenods and phenolics from sweet potato flesh tuber and peel, and antioxidant activity were investigated. SPP extract standed out in terms of antioxidant activity and was choosen for encapsulation by spray and freeze drying techniques.
Experimental approach: Encapsulation is an effective method to improve phytochemical stability by entrapping the core material with a coating agent. In this study, spray and freeze-drying techniques were applied for improving the stability of bioactive compounds (carotenoids and phenolics) using whey protein as a coating material. The main advantages of applied techniques over the other encapsulation techniques are simplicity, continuity, effectiveness, availability, and applicability.
Results and conclusions: Physicochemical characteristics revealed that spray drying resulted in the formation of lower size particles, better flowing properties, and encapsulation efficiency of carotenoids. The retention of encapsulated and non-encapsulated bioactive compounds was monitoring during storage at daylight and dark conditions. Storage conditions affected the carotenoid retention, whereas daylight exhibited the higher degradation rate for all samples. Phenolic compounds exhibited higher retention for all investigated samples. Degradation kinetic parameters suggest the longer shelf life of spray dried encapsulates and potent method for bioactives stabilization.
Novelty and scientific contribution: This study demonstrates that the spray drying technique and utilization of sweet potato peel have big potential in functional additives development, with improved nutritional, color and bioactive properties.
Asymptotics of the mild solution of awave equation in three-dimensional space driven by a general stochastic measure
Authors: Bodnarchuk I. M.
Published: September 2020

We study the Cauchy problem for a wave equation in three-dimensional space driven by a general stochastic measure. Under some assumptions, we prove that the mild solution tends to zero almost surely as the absolute value of the spatial variable tends to infinity.
Media technologies and science art in the context of modern cultural and art practices
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tormakhova A. M.
Published: September 2020

Media in the 21st Century Cultural Area is an integral component of artistic practices. Currently, a new direction is emerging – science art, which combines art, technology and scientific development. The leading feature of contemporary music is its transformation, which is due to the changing channels of artistic communication that set certain parameters. Music plays a very important role in the space in which it is performed, both the material itself and the musicians. A promising area of science-art development is the emergence of software and equipment that allows us to "resurrect" the stars of the past, simplify the process of musical creation and performance. There is currently a use of holograms for various purposes in music. Sometimes holograms play the role of an accompanying factor, because they can create a background for the performer, replacing the usual scenery, compensate for the absence of dancers, creating a visual basis for performances. Performers working in the field of popular and pop art are often organized in this way. Examples include the concert numbers of participants in the Eurovision Song Contest. Also, hologram or media projection can be used not only as a background but also as a leading factor in a composition. Hatsune Miku is media performer which presents by a hologram and "performs" with live instrumentalists. Miku's visual characteristics are driven by the traditions of manga comics and anime cartoon strips. The vocal party is created using software that can combine different samples. In this case we are talking about the use of the Vocaloid program, which synthesizes the human voice to record vocals, as well as the vocaloid as a fictional character corresponding to a particular synthesized voice. Although Hatsune Miku's live performances are accompanied by live-instrumental performers, the audience's focus is on the vocalist. The ability to create the perfect virtual performers gradually diminishes the professional qualities of gifted live musicians, whose ability is limited, unlike a vocaloid. The evolution and advancement of technology are changing the disposition between composer, performer and audience, but create new opportunities for creative expression.
Nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığında histolojik progresyon ile klinik ve laboratuvar parametrelerin ilişkisi
Authors: ÜNAL Nalan , YILMAZ Funda , AKARCA Ulus , NART Deniz , ERSÖZ Galip , KARASU Zeki , ÖZÜTEMİZ Ömer , GÜNŞAR Fulya
Published: September 2020

Giriş ve Amaç: Nonalkolik steatohepatit nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığının ilerleyici bir formudur. Nonalkolik steatohepatit, zamanla siroz ve hepatosellüler karsinomaya sebep olabilir. Bu çalışmada nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı tanılı olgularda zamanla karaciğer histolojisindeki değişikliklerin araştırılması ve histolojik progresyonla ilişkli klinik ve laboratuvar değişkenlerin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 1994-2009 yılları arasında hepatoloji veri tabanına kayıtlı toplam 783 nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalıklı olgu retrospektif olarak tarandı. En az 2 yıl arayla yapılan 2 karaciğer biyopsisi olan 29 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Vücut kitle indeksi, glukoz intoleransı veya diyabetes mellitus varlığı, karaciğer fonksiyon testi dahil biyokimyasal parametreler kaydedildi. Nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı aktivite skoru steatoz, lobüler inflamasyon ve hepatosellüler balonlaşma skorlarının toplamı ile hesaplandı. Fibroz skorları ayrı rapor edildi. Bulgular: Ortalama yaş 45.2±11 yıl, olguların 17’si (%58.6) erkekti. Başvuruda ortalama vücut kitle indeksi 29.5±4 kg/m2, 15'i (%51.7) fazla kilolu, 12'si (%41.4) obezdi. Toplam 11’inde (%37.9) diyabetes mellitus, 6’sında (%20.7) glukoz intoleransı vardı. Aspartat aminotransferaz düzeyi ortalama 51±36 IU/ml, alanin aminotransferaz düzeyi ortalama 79±50 IU/ml, albümin ortalama 4.5±0.4 gr/dL, trigliserit ortalama 197±106 mg/dL saptandı. Hastaların 14'ünde (%48.3) “nonalkolik steatohepatit” ve 6’sında (%20.6) basit steatoz vardı. Egzersiz ve diyet önerisiyle kontrol biyopsi için medyan takip aralığı 4.8 yıl (2-9 yıl) saptandı. Kontrol biyopsi anında vücut kitle indeksi ortalama 29.6±4 kg/m2, aspartat aminotransferaz ortalama 38.8±14 IU/ml, alanin aminotransferaz ortalama 59.2±32 IU/ml, 13’ünde (%44.8) diyabetes mellitus ve 7’sinde (%24.1) glukoz intoleransı saptandı. İkinci karaciğer biyopsilerinde nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı aktivite skoru; 9 (%31) hastada ilerlemiş, 17’sinde (%58.6) gerilemiş, 3’ünde (%10.3) aynı bulundu. Fibrozis skorunda ise 6 (%20.1) hastada ilerleme, 3 (%10.3) hastada ise iyileşme görüldü. Nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı aktivite skoru ilerlemesiyle başlangıç yaşı arasında negatif, başlangıç vücut kitle indeksi ile pozitif korelasyon saptandı, sırasıyla (r=-0.370, p=0.047 ve r=0.485, p=0.007). Fibrozis skoru ilerlemesiyle, başlangıç yaşı arasında negatif, başlangıç vücut kitle indeksi ile pozitif ve kontrol biyopsileri anındaki aspartat aminotransferaz düzeyiyle pozitif korelasyon saptandı, sırasıyla (r=-0.503 p=0.005; r=0.382 p=0.04 ve r=0.546 p=0.007). Sonuç: Basit yağlanma yaşla ve yüksek vücut kitle indeksi ile ilişkili olarak nonalkolik steatohepatite progrese olabilir. Genç yaştakiler, yüksek vücut kitle indeksi ve aspartat aminotransferaz düzeyinde yükseklik olanlar fibrozis progresyonu açısından daha riskli bulunmuştur.
Prevalence of Color Vision Deficiencies
Authors: Makarov I. A.
Published: September 2020

Purpose. The study of color deficiencies prevalence in young people, students of higher educational university.

Materials and methods. The study was carried for the half year — fall semester. A total of 1,609 students were examined, aged 17–21. There were 1191 boys and 418 girls. The survey was conducted to determine the health groups in physical training and in various sports sections. An ophthalmologic examination determined refractive disorders and other ocular pathology, which is important for determining health groups. Rabkin polychromatic tables and Neitz color vision test (Neitz Lab (UW Medicine) were used for determining of color deficiencies. The obtained results of these tests were compared in terms of the time spent on the test, the results of the test effectiveness, the determination of dissimulation, and the assessment of the shift in the color spectrum in individuals with impaired color perception.

Results. A total of refractive disorders were detected in 856 students (53.2 %). The high degree of myopia was in 40. Disorders of color deficient were noted in 101 students (8.48 %) of 1191 male subjects when using the Neitz color test. Dichromatic eye changes were observed from 2.1 % students: protanopia and deiteranopia were in 0.67 % and 1.43 %. Most of all there were violations with the perception of shades of light brown and light green colors. A third of healthy students noted the impossibility of distinguishing light brown from light gray. This is regardless of the state of refraction. Simultaneous violations of the perception of shades of red, green, yellow and blue were observed in one subject, it was associated with congenital cataracts. In four young people, acquired eye diseases caused. In two girls, violations of the perception of a pastel shade of light green were noted, with one girl (0.24 %) having a violation in two eyes, and was presumably due to a gene anomaly. The second girl had one eye and was associated with partial atrophy of the optic nerve after the optic neuritis.

Conclusions. Neitz color test expands the diagnostic possibilities, since in its design it has pastel shades of light green and light brown colors on a gray background, reduces the likelihood of dissimulation, reduces the time of the survey. Neitz color test allows to expand the possibilities for more accurate and differential diagnosis dichromatic and anormal trichromatic subjects and acquired color vision defects.
Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Due to Cyst of the Ciliary Body. Clinical Case
Authors: Angelova D. V. , Kazaryan E. E. , Shkolyarenko N. Yu.
Published: September 2020

There is a clinical case of the occurrence of angle-closure glaucoma due to closure of the angle of front camera with the cyst of a ciliary body. Patient A., 42 years old, complained about a feeling of transient blurring of the right eye vision, visual impairment in the evening. At the initial ophthalmological examination, the maximum corrected visual acuity in both eyes was 1.0, intraocular pressure according to pneumotonometry: OD — 21 mm Hg, OS — 14.8 mm Hg. There were no changes in the anterior segment of the eyeball according to biomicroscopic data. Taking into account the asymmetry of IOP data, the patient underwent the following studies: static perimetry, optical coherence tomography (OCT), flowmetry with the calculation of tolerant intraocular pressure (TIOP). According to OCT and static perimetry, pathological deviations were not detected. When performing flowmetry on the left eye, the indicators were within normal values, however, a significant decrease in the volume of eye ocular blood flow and an increase in the IOP were determined in the right eye. In the left eye, the TIOP corresponded to the IOP, and in the right eye, the IOP indicators exceeded the TIOP value. The lack of correlation between morphofunctional indicators and flowmetry data, an unburdened hereditary history of glaucoma, and a discrepancy between flowmetry and age could indicate the development of the angle-closed glaucoma, so the patient was referred to ultrasound biomicroscopy. The echographic picture of the anterior part of the right eye was characterized by a decrease in the depth of the anterior chamber, a partial displacement of the peripheral part of the iris anteriorly, a slight narrowing of the angle of the anterior chamber, and an uneven posterior chamber. In the region of the process part of the ciliary body along the meridian of 3 hours, a thinwalled volumetric formation, anechogenic, with clear contours and dimensions was revealed: height 4.3 mm, length 4.8 mm. The root of the iris was determined by the average attachment to the ciliary body. In accordance with this, the diagnosis was made: OD — cyst of the ciliary body, the patient was referred for consultation about a possible laser surgical intervention.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON RADIANT FLOOR HEATING SYSTEMS AT VARIOUS OPERATING CONDITIONS
Authors: KARAKOYUN Yakup , AÇIKGÖZ Özgen , DALKILIÇ Ahmet Selim , YUMURTACI Zehra
Published: September 2020

In this study, heat transfer characteristics pertaining to a heated radiant floor are investigated experimentally. In order to achieve this aim, experiments have been conducted within extended supply water temperature ranging from 30 oC to 55 oC, and mass flow rate ranging from 0.056 kg/s to 0.125 kg/s according to experimental condition ranges in the relevant literature. Correlation comparison has been accomplished using a large number of experimental data including pioneer studies and international standards regarding with the determination of heat flux and heat transfer coefficients. Moreover, novel correlations providing convective, radiative and total heat fluxes have been derived, and it has been observed that most of the outcomes of correlations remain within deviation bands of ±15%, ±5% and ±20%, respectively. Apart from the literature, heat flux correlations corresponding to each heat transfer mechanisms are given and evaluated separately. Throughout experimental studies, the proportion of the radiative heat transfer to total one is found 60% approximately. Measured experimental data are given in the paper for other researchers validation problems on their theoretical and numerical works.
Modified triple assessment in the diagnosis of breast lump in Saurashtra region of Gujarat
Authors: Solanki Pradipkumar V. , Juneja Iliyas A. , Chaudhari Nileshbhai D.
Published: September 2020

Background: Breast lump is a common complaint of women presenting to surgeons. Most of them are benign, careful evaluation, exact diagnosis and definitive treatment is mandatory to rule out cancer. The diagnosis of breast cancer is suggested on clinical examination. Currently a combination of three tests, i.e. clinical examination, radiological imaging (mammography, ultrasonography) and pathology called as triple assessment test is used to accurately diagnose all palpable breast lumps. Together they give sensitivity of 100%. The triple assessment is taken as positive if any of the three components, two are positive or positive report of FNAC and negative only if all of its components are negative for malignancy.Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, P.D.U Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat over a period of 2 years. A total of 100 patients with a breast lump were selected more than 15 years of age. A detailed history, focused clinical examination, radiological imaging and FNAC were used as diagnostic tools for screening of the patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy of modified triple assessment in the preoperative diagnosis of patients with breast carcinoma.Results: Results shows sensitivity and specificity of all the modalities used in triple assessment when combined together was 100% and 99.3%, respectively. Positive predictive value was 93.3%, negative predictive value was 100%, p-value was highly significant (p<0.0001). We conclude that modified triple assessment is a very useful diagnostic tool to evaluate patients with breast lumps and an overall accuracy of 98%.Conclusions: Thus, triple assessment is an easily available, cost effective, least invasive, rapid and patient compliant diagnostic tool for diagnosis of breast lump.
A comparative study to determine the role of pre and post-operative antibiotic therapy versus only pre-operative antibiotic therapy in patients of non-perforated acute appendicitis
Authors: Chowdegowda Goutam K. , Arya Satya V. , Sharma Ashok K. , Kalwaniya Dheer Singh , Bajwa Jaspreet Singh
Published: September 2020

Background: If properly used in appendicitis, antibiotics can reduce the rate of infection by 50%. The use of post-operative antibiotics for preventing infective complications in non-perforated cases is still controversial.Methods: A randomised prospective study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi with patients who presented acute appendicitis. A minimum number of 30 patients each in group A (pre-operative and post-operative antibiotics) and group B (only pre-operative antibiotics) were evaluated for 18 months, from January 2018 to June 2019.Results: The mean age of group A is 29.9±15.16 years and in group B is 25.97±9.470 years (p value=0.122, insignificant). There was male preponderance. The seroma formation in both the groups was 10.00% and no patients developed intra-abdominal abscess. The incidence of local site oedema was 10% in both the groups A and B and their p value is insignificant. In both the groups A and B, 10% of the people developed pus discharge from the stitch line and the p value is insignificant. In group A, 6.67% of the patients and in group B 10.00% of the patients developed stitch line inflammatory changes and the p value insignificant. In group A, 13.3% and in group B, 10.00% of the patients developed fever and their p value is 1. The mean length of hospital in case 1.23±0.5 days (group A) and is 1.17±0.45 days (group B) (p value=0.508).Conclusions: Hence we can conclude that a well-chosen and adequately-timed pre-operative antibiotics are adequate in preventing post-operative complications and post-operative antibiotics do not affect the same.
Experience of management of abdominal cysts
Authors: Vaze Dhananjay , Jhadav Pranav , M. Rajesh , Hegde Adarsh , Raut Sanjay , Shimpi Ashlesha , Bhagwat Aniruddha
Published: September 2020

Benign intra-abdominal cystic masses in children are rare and they have diverse etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation. The present study highlights the experience in the management of benign intra-abdominal cysts pertaining to the diverse etiologies associated with these lesions. The medical records of our hospital between November 2016 to November 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with cystic abdominal masses were studied with respect to less different clinical presentations, localization of masses, diagnostic tests, surgical aapproaches, histopathological examinations and outcome. Out of the 55 cases, most common lesion was a choledochal cyst. Miscellaneous diagnosis includes an omental cyst, urachal cyst and a pedunculated bile duct cyst. All the cystic lesions of the abdomen need to be considered as close differentials in clinical practice due to the common presentations and similar symptoms produced by these lesions. All the lesions were managed by exploratory laparotomy except two ovarian cysts which were managed with laparoscopic approach.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei: two case study and literatures review
Authors: Alsubaiee Ibrahim F.
Published: September 2020

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare neoplastic illness with unique clinical and pathologic patterns. This disease characterized by being chronic, indolent, and relapsing. It is diagnostically challenging and very vague disease. It characterized by huge amounts of thick mucinous ascites with multiple omental and peritoneal implants that is gradually fill the abdominal and pelvic cavities. The most common clinical features are progressive abdominal distention with increase in the abdominal girth. Diagnosis of Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is usually difficult due to its vague symptoms especially in the early stages. Ultrasound examination is very useful and generally has pictures similar to that of CT scan images. Treatment of Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is cytoreductive (debulking) surgery to remove the mucin and the tumor implants in the peritoneal cavity. This is followed by intraoperative hyperthermic peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Recurrence of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) patients is quite common as particularly when the disease is diagnosed and treated in the late stage.
Comparative study of nasal packs, quilts and splints in septal surgery
Authors: Arora Pankaj , Munjal Manish , Khurana Ajit Singh , Munjal Shubham , Saggar Tulika
Published: September 2020

Background: Nasal packing, quilting and splinting are utilized in septal surgery to have a patent airway. The effects on the patient have been studied.

Materials and Methods: 60 subjects with deviated nasal septum requiring septal surgery were selected from the Rhinology division of otorhinolaryngology services of Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. Comparison between nasal packing, nasal splints and quilt suturing was carried out in a period of one and a half years.

Results: All the 20 patients (100%) of anterior nasal packing had severe local discomfort but no postoperative hematoma. 1 patient (5%) of quilt stitching showed septal swelling in 1 patient (5%) of anterior nasal packing suffered from moderate degree of fever. There was no such episode in any of the patients in whom quilt stitching and splints were used. 6 patients (30%) of anterior nasal packing had crust formation which was not seen in quilt stitching and splint patients. 7 patients (35%) of nasal packing had ulceration of nasal mucosa on removal of pack, while none had in the quilt stitching or nasal splint group. 2 (10%) patients with anterior nasal packing had postoperative synechiae formation.

Conclusion: Quilting and splinting are the ideal tamponade post septal intervention As except for mild discomfort they do not experience the unpleasant sequel of accordion nasal packs. Moreover, it makes the procedure a day care surgery.
Efecto del estrés salino sobre la morfología y fitoquímica de orégano mexicano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) cultivado in vitro
Authors: Aarland Rayn , Castellanos-Hernandez Osvaldo , Rodriguez-Sahagun Araceli , Acevedo-Hernandez Gustavo
Published: September 2020

Las plantas, al ser organismos sésiles sufren diferentes tipos de estreses bióticos y abióticos. En este trabajo se cultivaron  in vitro plantas de orégano, bajo condiciones de estrés salino (NaCl 25 mM), en diferentes fuentes de luz: blanca (CTL), ultravioleta tipo C (UV-C) y de amplio espectro (AE). Se evaluaron cambios morfológicos en las plantas tratadas, así como parámetros fitoquímicos (fenoles y flavonoides totales y la capacidad antioxidante). Los tratamientos NaCl/CTL y AE mostraron el mayor número de yemas activadas. La luz UV-C mostró la menor cantidad de yemas y de altura de planta, sin embargo, no se observó efecto de la salinidad. La luz UV-C causó el menor número de hojas, así como raíces adventicias. No parece haber injerencia de la condición salinidad en estos resultados. La condición que provocó el mayor contenido de fenoles fue la luz UV-C y la que provocó el mayor contenido de flavonoides fue la combinación NaCl/UV-C. La combinación NaCl/AE causó la mayor capacidad antioxidante con el método DPPH y ABTS. No se observó una correlación entre el contenido de fenoles y la capacidad antioxidante.
Determination of Mycoflora and Mycotoxins in Raw and Roasted Peanuts in Bangladesh
Authors: Khandaker Md. Maniruzzaman , Ahmed Md. Raju , Rahim Md. Matiur , Hassan Md. Tariqul , Begum Maksuda
Published: September 2020

Mycoflora and mycotoxin contamination are major challenges in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production, trading and health concern to humans and animals. A total of 24 peanut samples out of which 12 were raw and 12 were roasted; were collected from different places in Bangladesh. These samples were examined for detection of mycoflora and mycotoxin. The mycoflora associated with the peanuts belonged to 11 fungal genera such as Aspergillus, Alternaria, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Pestalotia, Rhizopus and Trichoderma and frequencies of occurrence ranged from 0.33% to 71.95%. Aspergillus (71.95%) was the most dominant while the least was Trichoderma (0.33%). The fungal genus Aspergillus was found to be the most occurred (5501 colonies) and Pestalotia was the least occurred (25 colonies) pathogen in all samples. The highest number of fungal colonies (393) were formed in raw peanut collected from Sadarpur, Faridpur, however, the lowest number of fungal colonies (232) were formed in raw peanut collected from Potuakhali. Aspergillus was available in all the 24 samples. Penicllium was present in 12 raw peanut samples; on the other hand, Rhizopus was present in 12 samples of roasted peanuts. Aflatoxins were detected from 5 raw samples and 3 roasted samples and detection level of total aflatoxin ranged from 1.72 to 8.52 μg kg-1. The highest level of aflatoxin (8.52 μg kg-1) was detected in raw peanuts from Sibchor, Madaripur. Maximum amount of total aflatoxin among the roasted peanut was 6.71 μg kg-1 collected from Chorvodrasan, Faridpur district of Bangladesh. Finding of this study would help us in planning strategies for awareness and management of aflatoxin.
Lichen Allelopathy: An Agricultural Prospect
Authors: Bajpai Rajesh , Upreti D. K.
Published: September 2020

Allelopathy is a common biological miracle by which one organism produces biochemicals that affect the growth, existence, development, and reproduction of other organisms. These biochemicals are known as allelochemicals and have advantageous, as well as, harmful effects on target organisms. Lichens produce over a thousand different extracellular biochemical terms as secondary metabolites. The lichen secondary metabolites may show either positive effects, such as, in weed control, crop protection, or crop re-establishment or negative effects, e.g., autotoxicity, biological invasion, competition, deterioration, and eutrophic soil sickness. However, several lichen secondary metabolites can potentially be used as growth regulators, insecticidal, and antimicrobial since dated back. Here, we discuss the application of lichen allelopathy in various agricultural prospects in the near future.
“Just Because You Have Ears Doesn’t Mean You Can Hear”—Perception of Racial-Ethnic Discrimination During Childbirth
Authors: Janevic Teresa , Piverger Naissa , Afzal Omara , Howell Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2020

Background: Black and Latina women in New York City are twice as likely to experi­ence a potentially life-threatening morbid­ity during childbirth than White women. Health care quality is thought to play a role in this stark disparity, and patient-provider communication is one aspect of health care quality targeted for improvement. Perceived health care discrimination may influence patient-provider communication but has not been adequately explored during the birth hospitalization.Purpose: Our objective was to investi­gate the impact of perceived racial-ethnic discrimination on patient-provider com­munication among Black and Latina women giving birth in a hospital setting.Methods: We conducted four focus groups of Black and Latina women (n=27) who gave birth in the past year at a large hospital in New York City. Moderators of concordant race/ethnicity asked a series of questions on the women’s experiences and interactions with health care providers during their birth hospitalizations. One group was conducted in Spanish. We used an integrative analytic approach. We used the behavioral model for vulnerable populations adapted for critical race theory as a starting conceptual model. Two analysts deductively coded transcripts for emergent themes, using con­stant comparison method to reconcile and refine code structure. Codes were catego­rized into themes and assigned to concep­tual model categories.Results: Predisposing patient factors in our conceptual model were intersectional identities (eg, immigrant/Latina or Black/ Medicaid recipient), race consciousness (“… as a woman of color, if I am not assertive, if I am not willing to ask, then they will not make an effort to answer”), and socially assigned race (eg, “what you look like, how you talk”). We classified themes of differential treatment as impeding factors, which included factors overlooked in previ­ous research, such as perceived differential treatment due to the relationship with the infant’s father and room assignment. Themes for differential treatment co-oc­curred with negative provider communica­tion attributes (eg, impersonal, judgmental) or experience (eg, not listened to, given low priority, preferences not respected).Conclusions: Perceived racial-ethnic discrimination during childbirth influences patient-provider communication and is an important and potentially modifiable aspect of the patient experience. Interventions to reduce obstetric health care disparities should address perceived discrimination, both from the provider and patient per­spectives.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):533-542;doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.533
The Impact of Fibroids and Histologic Subtype on the Performance of US Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer among Black Women
Authors: Romano Sarah S. , Doll Kemi M.
Published: September 2020

Objective: To assess the predicted performance of the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG)’s recommended endometrial thickness (ET) of ≥4mm via transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) for a simulated cohort of US Black women with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB).Methods: We used endometrial cancer parameters from ET studies upon which guidelines are based, as well as documented population characteristics of US Black wom­en, to simulate a cohort of US Black women with PMB. Annual endometrial cancer (EC) prevalence overall and by histology type (I and II), history and current diagnosis of uterine fibroids, and visibility of endometria were estimated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess performance changes with quality of baseline parameters and impact of fibroids on ET visibility.Main Outcome Measures: Performance characteristics of 3+, 4+, and 5+mm ET thresholds were assessed including sensitiv­ity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves, and the area under the curve (AUC).Results: In the main model with the 4+mm recommended threshold, TVUS ET showed a sensitivity of 47.5% (95% CI: 46.0-49.0%); specificity of 64.9% (95% CI: 64.4-65.3%); PPV of 13.1% (95% CI: 12.5-13.6%); NPV of 91.7% (95% CI: 91.4-92.1%), and AUC of .57 (95% CI: .56-.57).Conclusions: Among a simulated cohort of US Black women, the recommended 4+mm ET threshold to trigger diagnostic biopsy for EC diagnosis performed poorly, with more than 50% of cases missed and an 8-fold higher frequency of false nega­tive results than reported for the general population. Ethn Dis. 2021;30(4):543-552; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.543
Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Hospital Services Reduce Medicare Length of Stay
Authors: Schiaffino Melody K. , Ruiz Melissa , Yakuta Melissa , Contreras Alejandro , Akhavan Setareh , Prince Britney , Weech-Maldonado Robert
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Almost 40% of the 63 million Americans who speak a language other than English have limited English proficiency (LEP). This communication barrier can result in poor quality care and potentially adverse health outcomes. Of particular interest is that the greatest proportion of LEP adults are aged >65 years and will face barriers and delays in accessing high-quality care. Age cohort variation of LEP burden has not been widely addressed. Culturally and lin­guistically appropriate hospital care delivery can mitigate these barriers.Methods: In order to test whether culturally competent services reduced length-of-stay (LOS), we linked organizational cultural competence surveys across two-states (CA+FL) for comparison across Medicare acute care LOS. Using the 2013 American Hospital Association Database, and Hospital Compare Data from CMS (N=184), we compared hospital structure with cultur­ally and linguistically appropriate services related to improved care delivery for LEP populations and aging LEP populations. We utilized Kruskal-Wallis to test group differ­ences and a negative binomial regression to model median LOS. All analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC).Results: Median LOS across all hospitals was 4.7 days (mean 5.7, standard devia­tion 6.3). Most hospitals were not-for-profit (46.7%), small (<150 beds, 54.4%), Joint Commission accredited (67.9%), and in urban areas. We found shorter median LOS when hospital units identified cultural or language needs at admission (Wald χ2 3.82, P=.0506). Hospitals’ identification of these needs at discharge had no impact on LOS. Hospitals that accommodated patient cultural or ethnic dietary needs also reported lower median LOS (Wald χ2 12.93, P=.0003). Structurally, public hospitals, accredited hospitals, and hospitals that re­ported system membership were predictive of a lower median LOS.Discussion: Our findings demonstrate that patient outcomes are responsive to cultur­ally and linguistically appropriate services. Further, our findings suggest understanding of culturally competent care in hospitals is lacking. A larger and multi-level sample across the United States could yield a greater understanding of the role of cultur­ally and linguistically appropriate care for a rapidly growing population of diverse older adults. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):603-610; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.603
Association between Income and Obesity in Black Men: The Role of Work-Life Interference
Authors: Bell Caryn N. , Thorpe, Jr. Roland J.
Published: September 2020

Obesity rates increase as household income increases among Black men, yet only a few studies have sought to understand this unique association. Scholars have posited that gendered stressors like role strain that are work-related could play a role in obesity among Black men. Work-life interference is a concept that captures the conflict between work life and family/personal life. Work-life interference is associated with obesity-related behaviors but has been understudied in Black men.The aim of this study was to determine the interrelationship between work-life interfer­ence, income, and obesity among Black men. Using data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey, the associations between household income and odds of overweight and obesity (measured by body mass index) were assessed using ordinal logit regressions. Multiplicative interaction terms were used to assess the potential moderation of the association between income and log-odds of overweight/obesity by work-life interference.The results of our study demonstrate that work-life interference interacts with income ≥400% federal poverty level (FPL) on the log-odds of overweight/obesity (beta=2.10, standard error [se]=.87). Among those who reported work-life interference, Black men who had household income ≥400% FPL had higher log-odds of overweight/ obesity (beta=1.51, se=.74) compared with those with income <100% FPL. There was no association between income and obesity among Black men who did not report work-life interference. The results suggest that work-life interference plays an important role in the positive associa­tion between income and obesity in Black men. Future studies should explicate the obesogenic ways in which work and family/ personal life combine among high-income Black men.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):629-636; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.629
Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia Diagnoses in American Indians
Authors: Carty Cara L. , Noonan Carolyn , Muller Clemma , Saner Don , Reiman Eric M. , Buchwald Dedra , Bell Ronny A. , Nelson Lonnie A.
Published: September 2020

The burden of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) has increased substantially in the United States, particu­larly in health disparity populations. Little is known about the epidemiology of ADRD in American Indian (AI) adults, although they have a high prevalence of ADRD risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking. Using electronic health records from a large health care organization during 2016-18, we describe characteristics of AI patients aged ≥55 years with and without an ADRD diagnosis, assess ADRD risk factors and contrast findings with results from age- and sex-matched non- Hispanic White (NHW) patients. To identify factors associated with ADRD diagnoses, we estimated population-averaged prevalence rate ratios to approximate relative risk (RR) using generalized estimating equations models adjusted for age, sex, and marital and rural residency status. The age-adjusted prevalence of ADRD diagnosis was 6.6% of AI patients, compared with 4.4% in NHW patients. Patient age and diagnosis of hy­pertension, depression, hyperlipidemia, or diabetes were significantly associated with higher risk of ADRD diagnosis in AIs (RR range: 1.1-2.8) whereas female sex or being married/having a partner were associated with lower risk of ADRD diagnosis (each RR=.7). ADRD risk factors were generally similar between AI and NHW patients, except for sex and marital status. However, the adjusted risk of ADRD was approxi­mately 49% higher in AI patients. To our knowledge, our study is the first to examine ADRD diagnoses and comorbidities in AIs across a large geographical region in south­west United States. Future efforts to confirm our findings in diverse AI communities are warranted. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):671-680; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.671
Sub-Saharan Africa Tackles COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Mezue Kenechukwu , Edwards Paul , Nsofor Ifeanyi , Goha Ahmed , Anya Ike , Madu Kristofer , Baugh Dainia , Nunura Felix , Gaulton Glen , Madu Ernest
Published: September 2020

As of May 2020, the global COVID-19 pandemic had reached 187 countries with more than 3.7 million confirmed cases and 263,000 deaths. While sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has not been spared, the extent of disease is currently far less than in Europe or North America leading some to posit that climatic, genetic or other conditions will self-limit disease in this location. Nonethe­less, infections in tropical Africa continue to rise at an alarming pace with the potential to soon exceed health resource availability and to exhaust a health care workforce that is already grossly under supported and ill-equipped. This perspective outlines the context of COVID-19 disease in Africa with a focus on the distinctive challenges faced by African nations and a potential best path forward. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):693-694; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.693
El perpetuo conjuro: tiempo, colonialidad y repetición en la escritura de la historia
Authors: Rufer Mario
Published: September 2020

Este artículo analiza el vínculo de la escritura moderna de la historia con el dominio conquistador, con la soberanía impuesta por la guerra y con el ocultamiento de ese vínculo. Al mismo tiempo, postula que el desplazamiento de otras formas de relación con el tiempo hacia la «cultura», constituye el doble epistémico de esa fórmula original de dominio. El texto se estructura en cuatro partes: 1. Un estudio de la relación entre escritura y conquista; 2. Un trabajo sobre el vínculo entre escritura de la historia y teoría de la soberanía, entre escritura de la historia y la colonialidad; 3. Un estudio de los procedimientos que relegaron en la cultura a las formas no lineales de relación con el tiempo, 4. Un abordaje de los mecanismos del historicismo que impiden pensar al anacronismo, la asincronía o la repetición como lógicas históricas subalternas.
Carlo Ginzburg. Cuando el historiador amoneda un símbolo
Authors: Serna Justo , Pons Anaclet
Published: September 2020

En este artículo pretendemos analizar la trayectoria, la contribución, los resultados y la influencia de un historiador de renombre mundial, Carlo Ginzburg. La suya es una investigación de largo recorrido, cuya influencia se ha dado no sólo en esta rama del saber, sino también en muy distintos ámbitos de las humanidades, de las ciencias, de las artes. Carlo Ginzburg ha sido reconocido e identificado principalmente a partir de dos logros historiográficos: la microhistoria y El queso y los gusanos. Por un lado, se le ve como el máximo representante de la microhistoria, la corriente de origen italiano que se expande principalmente en los años ochenta del siglo XX. Por otro lado, a este historiador se le ha identificado con una de sus obras, la de mayor éxito, la de mayor impacto: El queso y los gusanos (1976). La obra de Ginzburg es una reconstrucción individual, con nombre y apellidos, de un sujeto menor, perteneciente al campesinado, a las clases subalternas. Pero la investigación de Ginzburg da un quiebre a partir de finales de los ochenta. Sus nuevos libros tienen un delgado hilo conductor que ata imaginativamente temas muy diversos, pero que puestos en conexión tienen resonancias comunes.