bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Lições do mestre“: da tradução como viagem e da literatura como direito
Authors: Vejmelka Marcel
Published: February 2020

Numa retrospectiva em forma de perspectivação crítica e, ao mesmo tempo, balanço pessoal, espero poder contribuir para o que poderia ser considerado o legado de Antonio Candido. A exemplo da experiência de ter traduzido para o alemão os ensaios reunidos numa antologia publicada em 2005, vou exemplificar as leituras e reflexões do tradutor, para partir dali a repensar algumas questões fundamentais tratadas na obra de Antonio Candido, particularmente a da tarefa crítica da docência e do estudo literário, como também a da (ir)relevância da literatura na sociedade atual, como ficou refletida no conhecido ensaio “O direito à literatura”, de 1988.
Antonio Candido, uma amizade
Authors: Fester Antonio Carlos
Published: February 2020

Resumo
National Mechanisms for Ensuring Social Rights
Authors: Aliyev Shahriyar
Published: February 2020

The paper highlighted the role of national mechanisms for the protection of social rights.
For this purpose its judicial and administrative remedies have been analyzed. The
significance of the constitutional protection of the justice system, her legislative experience in the field of social security, legal and regulatory framework, features, procedural and substantive issues considered on the basis of scientific and theoretical considerations. Along with this, the paper considers a system of judicial protection of social rights, it’s civil, administrative and judicial properties, and shows the primary form of protection issues. Through administrative remedies and the Institute of Human Rights Commissioner (Ombudsman), the paper examined the current legal framework for the protection of social rights, and analyzed their activity in this field. As a result, the author has put forward a number of recomendations.
The Role of Individual Difference Factors in Writing Feedback Use and Involvement: A Qualitative Study of Iranian EFL Learners’ Perceptions
Authors: Saadat Mahboobeh , Mehrpour Saeed , Khajavi Yaser
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the present study was to investigate individual factors that mediate Iranian
EFL students’ engagement with feedback they receive on their writing. In fact, the
purpose behind such a consideration was to identify the factors that may contribute to
students' using or ignoring feedback as well as the emotions they may have during or
after receiving feedback. A convenient sample of 10 students was recruited from an intact
writing class in which students were usually provided with different types of feedback in
both oral and written forms. The study enjoyed a qualitative case study design. The
findings of the focused-group interviews revealed that students favored selective,
individual and dialogic feedback by the teacher. In addition, they ignored feedback when
they were not interested to learn or when the person providing it was not of interest to
them. Finally, they liked to receive feedback and anxiety reduced their uptake from the
received feedback. The findings are discussed and implications are suggested in relation
to teaching writing.
Wishing to be like the character on screen: Media exposure and perception of hacking behavior
Authors: Staggs Sarah , McMichael Samantha L. , Kwan Virginia S. Y.
Published: February 2020

This research addressed whether exposure to media, which increasingly portrays hacker characters across diverse media domains, may predict perceptions of others’ willingness to hack. Specifically, this study assessed how wishful identification with hacker characters may contribute to individuals’ perception of hacking behaviors. One-hundred forty-nine North American participants were recruited using MTurk.com. Participants reported (1) their exposure to general media and perceived identification with a fictional hacker character, and (2) their perceived risks, payoffs, and estimated willingness of others to engage in hacker behaviors regarding a specific call to hack. Additionally, this research examined differences in the effects of media exposure on hacking likelihood between two types of hacks: financial hacking attacks and hacktivism attacks. Results show (1) that perceived payoffs of hacking, but not perceived risks, predict individuals’ estimation of hacker behaviors, (2) a significant and positive indirect effect between media exposure and estimation of others’ willingness to hack passes through wishful identification and perceived payoffs of hacking attacks, and (3) no significant differences in the above relationships between the two types of hacks. Together, these findings highlight that media exposure may increase positive perceptions of hackers and in turn increase the perception of pervasiveness and legitimacy of engaging in hacking behaviors.
Demystifying sexting: Adolescent sexting and its associations with parenting styles and sense of parental social control in Israel
Authors: Dolev-Cohen Michal , Ricon Tsameret
Published: February 2020

The present study examined sexting habits (sending text messages, as well as nude or semi-nude photos, and/or requesting the same from others) among adolescents, as reported by 458 students (101 boys, 357 girls), with the aim of investigating whether and how sexting correlates with parenting styles and manifestations of parental social control. An online link was published on social media, asking participants who meet the research criteria to complete several questionnaires. About 30% of the participants reported sending sexual messages, and almost 32% reported that others, mainly strangers, asked them to send nude or semi-nude photos. Furthermore, sexting was more common among high-school students than among middle-school students, and asking another person to send nude or semi-nude photos was more common among boys than among girls. Lower parental social control was related to increased likelihood of sexting, and higher perception of permissive parenting style was associated with asking someone else to send nude or semi-nude photos. These findings shed light on sexting among adolescents in Israel. Moreover, the findings show that adolescents do not report sexting either to parents or to other significant adults in their lives, such as teachers or other educational staff at school. The article concludes with implications for educators and educational counselors in view of these findings.
Consecuencias de la dismenorrea primaria en adolescentes y mujeres. Revisión Sistemática Exploratoria.
Authors: Núñez-Claudel Belén , Cáceres-Matos Rocío , Vázquez-Santiago Soledad , Gil-García Eugenia
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar y mapear las consecuencias de la dismenorrea primaria en adolescentes y mujeres bajo una perspectiva biopsicosocial. Se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria (scoping review) de bases de datos internacionales (PubMed, SCOPUS, WOS, CINAHL, Cochrane Library y PsycINFO) y de literatura gris. Se incluyeron documentos que abordaban los aspectos biopsicosociales relacionados con la dismenorrea primaria, publicados en inglés y español entre los años 2013 y 2018. Finalmente, se incluyeron 20 documentos de los 611 revisados. Esta revisión pone de manifiesto que la dismenorrea primaria se asocia con altas tasas de depresión, ansiedad, problemas del sueño y otros síntomas que menoscaban la calidad de vida de las mujeres. La influencia de la dismenorrea explicada bajo una perspectiva biopsicosocial es una línea de interés en los trabajos publicados. Sin embargo, se detectan lagunas de conocimientos en áreas como las consecuencias de la dismenorrea primaria en el funcionamiento familiar y el abordaje de la misma desde una perspectiva de género.
A method for estimating the thermal regime of solar panels when performing angular turns of the Earth observation satellite
Authors: Steganov Gennadii Borisovich , Kargu Dmitrii Leonidovich , Malenin Evgenii Nikolaevich , Yanguzov Andrei Valerievich
Published: February 2020

The results of modeling the thermal operation of solar panels (PSB) of the Earth observation satellite (EOS) when moving in a circular orbit are presented. Modeling of the thermal regime is carried out for two groups of photovoltaic converters (FEP). FEPs are conventionally divided into groups, depending on the strength of the influence of different heat fluxes characteristic of the movement of the satellite in a circular orbit. Analytical expressions for the heat balance equation of the PSBs and the results of numerical calculations at the end of the active life (SAC) are given. In this work, methods of deduction, induction, analysis, modeling, formalization, experiment, as well as statistical method, system and structural-functional method were used. The presented model for calculating the temperature of the solar panel of the Earth observation satellite is a set of mathematical expressions that allow calculating temperature of any FEP within a particular solar panel and make adjustments to the plan of exploitation.
BPA – an endocrine disrupting compound in water used for drinking purposes,a snapshot from South Poland
Authors: Kmiecik Ewa , Styszko Katarzyna , Wątor Katarzyna , Dwornik Małgorzata , Tomaszewska Barbara
Published: February 2020

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. As an endocrine-disrupting compound, it has been included in the list of substances requiring special supervision as a very high-risk substance due to its toxic influence on reproduction. BPA with a reference value of 0.01 μg/L was included in the Drinking Water Directive revision (DWD 2018). This paper presents the results of preliminary studies aimed at identifying the occurrence of BPA in different types of water, i.a. groundwater captured with house wells or flowing wells in a selected location in southern Po-land. These waters are commonly used as a source of water intended for human consumption and their quality is not regularly controlled. Additional tests were carried out for surface water, as well as water from springs used for drinking purposes. The authors also analysed tap water from various sources, i.e. surface and groundwater, as the final product of the drinking water production cycle. The results indicate the presence of BPA in water and the necessity of a detailed study on the risk of the BPA occurring in groundwater, especially in domestic wells.
Ciliary Rab28 and the BBSome negatively regulate extracellular vesicle shedding
Authors: Akella Jyothi S , Carter Stephen P , Nguyen Ken , Tsiropoulou Sofia , Moran Ailis L , Silva Malan , Rizvi Fatima , Kennedy Breandan N , Hall David H , Barr Maureen M , Blacque Oliver E
Published: February 2020

Cilia both receive and send information, the latter in the form of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nano-communication devices that influence cell, tissue, and organism behavior. Mechanisms driving ciliary EV biogenesis are almost entirely unknown. Here, we show that the ciliary G-protein Rab28, associated with human autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy, negatively regulates EV levels in the sensory organs of Caenorhabditis elegans in a cilia specific manner. Sequential targeting of lipidated Rab28 to periciliary and ciliary membranes is highly dependent on the BBSome and the prenyl-binding protein phosphodiesterase 6 subunit delta (PDE6D), respectively, and BBSome loss causes excessive and ectopic EV production. We also find that EV defective mutants display abnormalities in sensory compartment morphogenesis. Together, these findings reveal that Rab28 and the BBSome are key in vivo regulators of EV production at the periciliary membrane and suggest that EVs may mediate signaling between cilia and glia to shape sensory organ compartments. Our data also suggest that defects in the biogenesis of cilia-related EVs may contribute to human ciliopathies.
The Cogeco Case: The First Preliminary Ruling on the Private Enforcement Directive
Authors: Peres Catarina Vieira
Published: February 2020

In March this year, the European Court of Justice (hereinafter “CJ”) answered the first preliminary question regarding the Private Enforcement Directive (“Directive”).1 One might expect this decision2 to remain relevant for the next few years, as it sheds some light on the rather intricate issue of the Directive’s temporal application. The CJ explains what rules are applicable to actions for damages regarding infringements which occurred prior either to the Directive’s adoption or to its implementation in the respective Member States. The case is also of major interest since it illustrates the role that the principle of effectiveness can play when applied alongside Articles 101 or 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“TFEU”).3 Finally, albeit not expressly addressed, the case is also of interest regarding the controversial issue of parent company liability in private enforcement, where it represents a novelty in the Portuguese legal order.
Retrospective study: clinicopathological features and prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy with seronegative anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody
Authors: Guo Wenkai , Zhang Yan , Gao Caifeng , Huang Jing , Li Jiatong , Wang Rong , Chen Bing
Published: February 2020

Background

To discuss the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) who are serum-negative for the anti-PLA2R antibody.

Method

Overall, 229 IMN patients were retrospectively collected in this study and classified into anti-PLA2R antibody-negative (PLA2R−, 59 cases) and antibody-positive (PLA2R+, 170 cases) groups. The clinical and pathological features of the PLA2R− group were analyzed; 162 patients in both groups were followed up, and the PLA2R antigen was detected in renal biopsies from the PLA2R− group. Kaplan-Meier and survival analyses were used to compare differences in prognosis.

Results

Serum albumin levels were higher and 24-hour urine protein, creatinine, and beta 2-microglobulin (BMG) levels were lower in the PLA2R− group than in the PLA2R+ group; the proportion of acute and chronic tubular lesions was also significantly lower in the PLA2R− group than in in the PLA2R+ group. After treatment, the remission rate was significantly higher in the negative group than in the positive group (93.02% vs 74.78%,), especially the rate of complete remission (51.16% vs 23.47%). Furthermore, the PLA2R antigen-positive staining rate of 43 patients in the PLA2R− group was 62.79%. Although not significant, the survival rate was higher in the PLA2R− group than in the PLA2R+ group. BMG, 24-hour urine protein and acute and chronic tubular lesions were risk factors for kidney death, and 24-hour urine protein was an independent risk factor for kidney death.

Conclusions

Compared with the PLA2R+ group, the PLA2R− group had mild clinical manifestations and pathological damage and a higher clinical treatment remission rate. Renal tissue PLA2R antigen testing can be considered for patients with seronegative IMN to increase the diagnostic rate.
Element A: Substructure
Authors: Niehoff James W. , Bedenis Timothy H. , McCarthy John P. ,   Hall Architects, Inc., Crittenden Edwin , Crittenden John , Johnston G. H. , Phukan Arvind , Rice Eb , Anderson Richard O. , Beach Eric K. , Flanders Stephen N. , Tobiasson Wayne , Watson Donald , Labs Kenneth , Cook Jeffrey , Clark K. , Paylore P. , Cook J. ,   U.S. Geological Survey, Chandra Subrato , Fairey Philip W. , Houston Michael M. ,   Florida Solar Energy Center, Wilkes K. E. , Fairey P. , Chandra S. , Kerestecioglu A. , Freedman Sidney , Stewart William W. , Kellogg James , Felder Anthony L. , Franch Kenneth D. , Neubauer Donald ,   Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers,   SmithGroup, Singhvi Ganpat M. , Maranowski Steve ,   AB Chance/Atlas Systems,   Hubbell Corporation/AB Chance Co., Halvorsen Grant ,   American Concrete Institute,   Post‐Tensioning Institute,   Wire Reinforcement Institute, Mensch Joseph P. , Pronske Kurt N. , Munger Harold C. , Lstriburek Joe ,   Building Sciences Corporation, Vitullo Richard J. , Gastier Eric , Lee Grace S. , Szoke Stephen S. , Zechmeister Daniel , Johnson Paul , Reynolds Andrea ,   Krommenhoek/McKeown & Associates, Thompson James B.
Published: February 2020

The advantage of using performance request for proposals are that they utilize the geotechnical engineer's professional judgment to evaluate the site and recommend the extent of soil and substructure investigation necessary for the proper design of the substructure. A soil boring log, which is prepared by the geotechnical engineer, identifies the layers of soil found at specific depths beneath the surface and lists several measured characteristics of this soil, which could impact the design of any structure built upon it. Footings lie under the basement, crawl space, or foundation walls, and transfer structural loads from the walls of the building to the supporting soil. Structural chemical grouting permeates sands with grouts and produces a stronger sandstone‐like strata that carries the loads. Testing of deep foundations is conducted to verify the load capacity and structural integrity of deep foundation elements.
NIDA: How parents can talk to children about opioids
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2020

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), part of the federal National Institutes of Health, has advice for parents in the midst of the opioid epidemic: “[T]alk openly about the effects of opioids and other drugs with your children and stay actively engaged in their lives.”
A Horizontal Gene Transfer Led to the Acquisition of a Fructan Metabolic Pathway in a Gall Midge
Authors: Cheng Xiaoyan , Garcés‐Carrera Sandra , Whitworth Robert Jeff , Fellers John P. , Park Yoonseong , Chen Ming‐Shun
Published: February 2020

Animals are thought to use only glucose polymers (glycogen) as energy reserve, whereas both glucose (starch) and fructose polymers (fructans) are used by microbes and plants. Here, it is reported that the gall midge Mayetiola destructor, and likely other herbivorous animal species, gained the ability to utilize dietary fructans directly as storage polysaccharides by a single horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of bacterial levanase/inulinase gene followed by gene expansion and differentiation. Multiple genes encoding levanases/inulinases have their origin in a single HGT event from a bacterium and they show high expression levels and enzymatic activities in different tissues of the gall midge, including nondigestive fat bodies and eggs, both of which contained significant amounts of fructans. This study provides evidence that animals can also use fructans as energy reserve by incorporating bacterial genes in their genomes.
Stretchable, Transparent, and Thermally Stable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Solvent‐Free Ion‐Conducting Elastomer Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Chen Yanghui , Guo Zi Hao , Guo Wenbin , Pu Xiong , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: February 2020

The development of stretchable/soft electronics requires power sources that can match their stretchability. In this study, a highly stretchable, transparent, and environmentally stable triboelectric nanogenerator with ionic conductor electrodes (iTENG) is reported. The ion‐conducting elastomer (ICE) electrode, together with a dielectric elastomer electrification layer, allows the ICE‐iTENG to achieve a stretchability of 1036% and transmittance of 91.5%. Most importantly, the ICE is liquid solvent‐free and thermally stable up to 335 °C, avoiding the dehydration‐induced performance degradation of commonly used hydrogels. The ICE‐iTENG shows no decrease in electrical output even after storing at 100 °C for 15 h. Biomechanical motion energies are demonstrated to be harvested by the ICE‐iTENG for powering wearable electronics intermittently without extra power sources. An ICE‐iTENG‐based pressure sensor is also developed with sensitivity up to 2.87 kPa−1. The stretchable ICE‐iTENG overcomes the strain‐induced performance degradation using percolated electrical conductors and liquid evaporation‐induced degradation using ion‐conducting hydrogels/ionogels, suggesting great promising applications in soft/stretchable electronics under a relatively wider temperature range.
Photophoretic Levitation of Macroscopic Nanocardboard Plates
Authors: Cortes John , Stanczak Christopher , Azadi Mohsen , Narula Maanav , Nicaise Samuel M. , Hu Howard , Bargatin Igor
Published: February 2020

Scaling down miniature rotorcraft and flapping‐wing flyers to sub‐centimeter dimensions is challenging due to complex electronics requirements, manufacturing limitations, and the increase in viscous damping at low Reynolds numbers. Photophoresis, or light‐driven fluid flow, was previously used to levitate solid particles without any moving parts, but only with sizes of 1–20 µm. Here, architected metamaterial plates with 50 nm thickness are leveraged to realize photophoretic levitation at the millimeter to centimeter scales. Instead of creating lift through conventional rotors or wings, the nanocardboard plates levitate due to light‐induced thermal transpiration through microchannels within the plates, enabled by their extremely low mass and thermal conductivity. At atmospheric pressure, the plates hover above a solid substrate at heights of ≈0.5 mm by creating an air cushion beneath the plate. Moreover, at reduced pressures (10–200 Pa), the increased speed of thermal transpiration through the plate's channels creates an air jet that enables mid‐air levitation and allows the plates to carry small payloads heavier than the plates themselves. The macroscopic metamaterial structures demonstrate the potential of this new mechanism of flight to realize nanotechnology‐enabled flying vehicles without any moving parts in the Earth's upper atmosphere and at the surface of other planets.
A Nontoxic Bifunctional (Anti)Solvent as Digestive‐Ripening Agent for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yun Yikai , Wang Fangfang , Huang Hongyan , Fang Yinyu , Liu Sizhou , Huang Wenchao , Cheng Zhengchun , Liu You , Cao Yezhou , Gao Mei , Zhu Lin , Wang Lin , Qin Tianshi , Huang Wei
Published: February 2020

The preparation of high‐quality perovskite films is important for achieving high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The effective balance between solvent and antisolvent is an essential factor for regulating high‐quality perovskite film during the spin‐coating and thermal‐annealing steps. In this work, a greener, nonhalogenated, nontoxic bifunctional (anti)solvent, methyl benzoate (MB), is developed not only as an antisolvent to rapidly generate crystal seeds at the perovskite spin‐coating step, but also as a digestive‐ripening solvent for the perovskite precursors, which can prevent the loss of organic components during the thermal‐annealing stage and effectively suppress the formation of miscellaneous lead halide phases. As a result, this novel bifunctional (anti)solvent is employed in planar n–i–p PSCs for engineering high‐quality perovskite layers and thus achieving a power conversion efficiency up to 22.37% with negligible hysteresis and >1300 h stability. Moreover, due to the high boiling point and low‐volatility characteristic of MB, high‐performance PSCs are achieved reproducibly at different operating temperatures (22–34 °C). Therefore, this developed bifunctional solvent system can provide a promising platform toward globally upscaling and commercializing PSCs in all seasons and regions.
Smart Sponge for Fast Liquid Absorption and Thermal Responsive Self‐Squeezing
Authors: Cui Ying , Wang Yujie , Shao Ziyu , Mao Anran , Gao Weiwei , Bai Hao
Published: February 2020

Liquid absorption and recycling play a crucial role in many industrial and environmental applications, such as oil spill cleanup and recovery, hemostasis, astronauts' urine recycling, and so on. Although many liquid absorbing materials have been developed, it still remains a grand challenge to achieve both fast absorption and efficient recycling in a cost‐effective and energy‐saving manner, especially for viscous liquids such as crude oil. A smart polyurethane‐based porous sponge with aligned channel structure is prepared by directional freezing. Compared to common sponges with random porous structure, the as‐prepared smart sponge has larger liquid absorption speed due to its lower tortuosity and stronger capillary (“tortuosity effect”). More importantly, the absorbed liquid can be remotely squeezed out due to a thermally responsive shape memory effect when the sponge is heated up. Such smart sponges with well‐defined porous structure and thermal responsive self‐squeezing capability have great potential in efficient liquid absorption and recycling.
Hemin Catalyzed Dealkylative Intercepted [2, 3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Reactions of Sulfonium Ylides with 2, 2, 2‐Trifluorodiazoethane
Authors: Yan Xiaojing , Li Chang , Xu Xiaofei , Zhao Xiaoyong , Pan Yuanjiang
Published: February 2020

A dealkylative intercepted [2, 3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement reaction of allylic sulfides with 2, 2, 2‐trifluorodiazoethane (CF3CHN2) is reported, the commercially available and biocompatible catalyst hemin was found to efficiently catalyze this transformation across a diverse set of allylic sulfides with in situ generated CF3CHN2, providing excellent yields (up to 99%) under mild condition without inert gas protection. In addition, CF3CHN2 exhibited unique reactivity toward this process compared with other frequently used diazo reagents. This work expands the range of carbene‐mediated transformations catalyzed by hemin and introduces a concise and general strategy for exploiting new possibility of reactions concerning organosulfides.

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Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells by Reducing Interface‐Mediated Recombination: a Bulky Amine Approach
Authors: Liang Lusheng , Luo Haitian , Hu Junjie , Li Hui , Gao Peng
Published: February 2020

The presence of non‐radiative recombination at the perovskite surface/interface limits the overall efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Surface passivation has been demonstrated as an efficient strategy to suppress such recombination in Si cells. Here, 1‐naphthylmethylamine iodide (NMAI) is judiciously selected to passivate the surface of the perovskite film. In contrast to the popular phenylethylammonium iodide, NMAI post‐treatment primarily leaves NMAI salt on the surface of the perovskite film. The formed NMAI layer not only efficiently decreases the defect‐assisted recombination for chemical passivation, but also retards the charge accumulation of energy level mis‐alignment for vacuum level bending and prevents minority carrier recombination due to the charge‐blocking effect. Consequently, planar PSCs with high efficiency of 21.04% and improved long‐term stability (98.9% of the initial efficiency after 3240 h) are obtained. Moreover, open‐circuit voltage as high as 1.20 V is achieved at the absorption threshold of 1.61 eV, which is among the highest reported values in planar PSCs. This work provides new insights into the passivation mechanisms of organic ammonium salts and suggests future guidelines for developing improved passivation layers.
Death, sex, and sugars: variations in nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in a sexually plastic tree
Authors: Blake‐Mahmud Jennifer , Struwe Lena
Published: February 2020

Premise

Environmental sex determination (ESD) is a rare sex determination system in which individuals may switch sex expression throughout their lifetimes in response to environmental factors. In sexually stable species, individuals usually bear more female flowers if the plants are larger, have greater access to limiting resources, or are in better condition. Research regarding sexually plastic species with ESD and how resources correlate with sex expression is limited. Furthermore, most research investigates resources at the population level, failing to account for resources available to individuals for growth, maintenance, or reproduction.

Methods

Acer pensylvanicum is a species that is known to switch sex. Using twig samples collected during 2014–2016 in December and May, we analyzed resource status in the form of stored nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) and compared this with expressed sex.

Results

We found that females had higher sugar concentrations than males. Furthermore, males changing expression to female had higher sugar concentrations during the prior winter than did males remaining male. We found that size was not a key predictor: neither male nor female‐flowering individuals increased NSC concentrations with size. Dying female trees had high concentrations of NSCs throughout the dying process and only manifested reduced NSCs once dead.

Conclusions

This is the first study showing significant correlations between NSCs and sex expression in a plant species with ESD. These findings support the hypothesis that sex switching could be a consequence of increased resource availability and that the high female mortality of A. pensylvanicum populations is likely not a direct result of carbon starvation.
Alkyl substituents triggered an unexpected formation of mono‐and dinuclear zirconium hydrazonate complexes: synthesis, characterization and their catalytic behavior toward ethylene polymerization
Authors: Duan Xin‐E , Yuan Bo , Li Rui , Vignesh Arumugam , Bariashir Chantsalnyam , Li Zilong , Bai Sheng‐Di , Ma Yanping , Chao Jian‐Bin , Tong Hong‐Bo , Sun Wen‐Hua
Published: February 2020

Mononuclear zirconium complex 3a of the molecular identity [Zr[η2‐(C4H3O)C (Et) = NNPh]Cl3(THF)2], dinuclear zirconium complexes 3b [{Zr[η2‐(C4H3O)C(i‐Pr) = NNPh]2}2(μ2‐Cl)3(μ3‐Cl)2Li(Et2O)] and 3c [{Zr[η2‐(C4H3O)C(t‐Bu) = NNPh]2}2Cl2(μ2‐Cl)2] have been synthesized by the treatment of lithium salt of (C4H3O)C(R) = NNHPh (R = CH3CH2, 1a; R = (CH3)2CH, 1b; R = (CH3)3C, 1c), with different molar ratios of anhydrous zirconium tetrachloride. Of these, complex 3b was formed with lithium adduct and no such adduct was found in complex 3c. Compound 1a and all the zirconium complexes (3a‐3c) were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Thus, it revealed that each hydrazonato ligand acts in a strained η2‐coordination fashion for the three zirconium complexes. The molecular structures of the three zirconium complexes (3a‐3c) reveal the existence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. Interestingly, complexes 3a and 3b assemble into a two‐dimensional network structure through intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO), all the complexes namely 3a, 3b, and 3c exhibited moderate catalytic activities toward ethylene polymerization and produced high molecular weight polyethylene with narrow molecular weight distributions.
Palladium (II) complexes chelated by 1‐substituted‐4‐pyridyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole ligands as catalyst precursors for selective ethylene dimerization
Authors: Joseph Mohammed Cassiem , Swarts Andrew John , Mapolie Selwyn Frank
Published: February 2020

A series of neutral as well as cationic palladium methyl complexes bearing 1‐substituted‐4‐pyridyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole ligands were prepared and fully characterized by a range of analytical techniques. Conventional and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis unambiguously determined the molecular structure of the complexes. The neutral complexes activated by methylaluminoxane were found to be effective catalysts in the ethylene dimerization reaction. The catalyst performance of the in‐situ‐generated active species was compared with the discrete cationic complexes of the same ligand scaffold. Activities and selectivities for the two systems were remarkably similar, pointing to similarities in the nature of the active species. Both catalytic systems showed a strong correlation of activity and selectivity with the nature of the ligand scaffold. Highest activities were attained when electron‐withdrawing groups were incorporated into the triazole ring, while increasing steric bulk in the ortho‐position on the pyridyl ring of the ligand led to the almost exclusive dimerization of ethylene with selectivities up to 94% observed toward 1‐butene.
Influence of HMTA ligand in MMA AGET ATRP emulsion polymerization
Authors: Awad Mohammed , Dhib Ramdhane , Duever Thomas
Published: February 2020

Interactions of hexamethylenetetramine ligand in atom transfer radical polymerization initiated by activator generated by electron transfer were studied. Polymerization of methyl methacrylate was done using two‐step experimental procedure in 2 L emulsion batch reactor at 50, 60, and 80°C. The selection of reactant ratios was quite challenging for a reactor of this size. Replicate runs were conducted for data reproducibility purpose. Gravimetry method and gel permeation chromatography were used to determine monomer conversion, Mn, and PDI of polymer samples. PMMA produced was also characterized by means of dynamic light scattering, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Results showed high monomer conversion up to 93% and Mn ranging 243–274 kg/mol with PDI from 1.45 to 1.60. Besides, combining HMTA with sodium dodecyl sulfate, an anionic surfactant, a well‐controlled polymer with a lower Mn of 201 kg/mol and PDI of 1.56 was obtained in 3 hr reaction time.
Columnar Stacking of Partially Fluorinated [4]Helicenes: C−H⋅⋅⋅F Interactions Change the Stacking Orientation
Authors: Suzuki Risa , Uziie Yuto , Fujiwara Wataru , Katagiri Hiroshi , Murase Takashi
Published: February 2020

The partial fluorination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons often produces a layered crystal packing, where fluorinated aromatic surfaces are stacked over nonfluorinated aromatic surfaces. Herein, we report the synthesis and crystal packing of partially fluorinated [4]helicenes with steric congestion resulting from H and F atoms in the fjord region. F6‐[4]Helicene forms head‐to‐tail columnar stacks consisting of an alternate arrangement of perfluorinated and nonfluorinated naphthalene moieties. With decreasing fluorine content, aromatic stacking switched from arene−fluoroarene (ArH−ArF) hetero‐stacking to ArH−ArH/ArF−ArF homo‐stacking with the help of intermolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅F contacts in the fjord region. As a result, head‐to‐head columnar stacks appear. Therefore, the conventional ArH−ArF stacking motif is not always applicable to Fn‐[4]helicenes with twisted π‐surfaces.
Matrix‐Free and Highly Efficient Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Carbon Dots towards Information Encryption and Decryption
Authors: Qi Hetong , Zhang Hengqi , Wu Xuemei , Tang Yuhai , Qian Manping , Wang Ke , Qi Honglan
Published: February 2020

Designing efficient room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) carbon dots (C‐dots) without the need of an additional matrix is important for various applications. Herein, matrix‐free and highly efficient C‐dots with yellow‐green RTP emission have been successfully synthesized towards information encryption and decryption. Phytic acid (PA) and triethylenetetramine are used as molecular precursors, and a facile microwave‐assisted heating method is selected as synthesis method. The obtained C‐dots exhibit a maximum phosphorescence emission at around 535 nm under an excitation wavelength of 365 nm and a long average lifetime up to 750 ms (more than 9 s to the naked eye). PA containing six phosphate groups and serving as P source plays a significant role in producing the RTP C‐dots. Furthermore, potential applications of the RTP C‐dots in the field of information encryption and decryption are successfully demonstrated.
A regularized estimation approach for case‐cohort periodic follow‐up studies with an application to HIV vaccine trials
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wu Qiwei , Gilbert Peter B. , Chen Ying Q. , Sun Jianguo
Published: February 2020

This paper discusses regression analysis of the failure time data arising from case‐cohort periodic follow‐up studies, and one feature of such data, which makes their analysis much more difficult, is that they are usually interval‐censored rather than right‐censored. Although some methods have been developed for general failure time data, there does not seem to exist an established procedure for the situation considered here. To address the problem, we present a semiparametric regularized procedure and develop a simple algorithm for the implementation of the proposed method. In addition, unlike some existing procedures for similar situations, the proposed procedure is shown to have the oracle property, and an extensive simulation is conducted and it suggests that the presented approach seems to work well for practical situations. The method is applied to an HIV vaccine trial that motivated this study.
Efficacy of antireflux surgery in children with or without neurological impairment: a systematic review
Authors: Cullis P S , Siminas S , Losty P D
Published: February 2020

Background

Antireflux surgery is commonly performed in children, yet evidence for its efficacy is limited. The aim of this review was to determine the effect of antireflux surgery with regard to objective measures of quality of life (QoL) and value of upper gastrointestinal investigations in neurologically normal (NN) and neurologically impaired (NI) children.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted of articles reporting children undergoing antireflux surgery in whom preoperative and postoperative objective testing was performed. Primarily, Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PubMed were searched from inception to April 2019. Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria were used to assess article quality.

Results

Of 789 articles, 14 met the eligibility criteria, 12 prospective observational and 2 retrospective studies. The median MINORS score was 59·4 (i.q.r. 39 to 62·5) per cent. Seven studies reported assessment of validated QoL measures before and after antireflux surgery in 148 children. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 180 months. All studies confirmed significant improvements in QoL measures among NN and NI children at all follow-up points. Eleven studies reported on preoperative and postoperative investigations in between 416 and 440 children children. Follow-up ranged from 0·5 to 180 months. Nine studies confirmed improvements in gastro-oesophageal reflux using 24-h oesophageal pH monitoring with or without manometry, but conflicting results were identified for four studies reporting gastric emptying. No studies reported fluoroscopy or endoscopy adequately.

Conclusion

Based on the results of studies of low-to-moderate quality, antireflux surgery improved QoL and reduced oesophageal acid exposure in NN and NI children in the short and medium term. Although antireflux surgery is a common elective operation, the lack of rigorous preoperative and postoperative evaluation(s) in the majority of patient-reported studies is striking.
Trends in research on durum wheat and pasta, a bibliometric mapping approach
Authors: Cecchini Cristina , Menesatti Paolo , Antonucci Francesca , Costa Corrado
Published: February 2020

Background and objectives

Durum wheat semolina pasta is recognized worldwide for its sensory and nutritional qualities. The scientific research in this sector is constantly evolving both with studies on the improvement of the raw material and on the innovation of the processing plants, as well as with study on the nutritional and health value of pasta. The aim of this work is to analyze different aspects of durum wheat and pasta quality research, such as publication trends, research topics and their geographical distribution, using a science mapping approach mainly based on the application of network analysis tools.

Findings

Using the Scopus database from 1987 to 2018, the analysis shows an exponential increase in the number of scientific publications since 2004, linked to the realization of epidemiological studies and research on gluten‐free pasta. Cluster analysis has evidenced four main groups linked to genetics, agronomic, raw material and pasta quality, and then nutritional aspects. Italy and the U.S.A. were the countries with the most active knowledge production with 21% and 10% of the publications, respectively.

Conclusions

The study shows the main lines of research and their evolution during the years, highlighting a lower interest in genetic aspects in favor of topics related to health and nutritional quality.

Significance and novelty

Science mapping offers the possibility to gain insights upon a wide amount of bibliographic information, making them more manageable, attractive, and easy to serve science policy makers, stakeholders, and research managers.
Blue urticaria following Patent Blue V and morphine injections
Authors: Koumaki Dimitra , Orton David
Published: February 2020

We present a patient with a non‐IgE‐mediated urticaria reaction to the morphine injection which was tinted blue due to prior injection of Patent Blue V dye into her left breast. Clinicians should be aware of these types of reaction to morphine.
Experimental investigation on micromixing characteristics of coaxial mixers in viscous system
Authors: Liu Baoqing , Gao Pengfei , Sun Ning , Zhang Yikun , Jin Zhijiang , Sunden Bengt
Published: February 2020

An experimental investigation into the micromixing performance of coaxial mixers in a viscous system is reported, in which the iodide‐iodate reaction system is chosen to quantitatively characterize the product distributions. The effects of feeding time, feeding position, impeller speed, inner impeller configuration, and operation mode on the segregation index, Xs, are examined. It is revealed that the feeding near the inner impeller benefits micromixing and should be regarded as the preferred position. The presence of the rotating outer impeller causes the micromixing performance of the coaxial mixer to be significantly better than the single‐shaft mixer. While an increase in the outer impeller speed has a limited influence on micromixing, the inner impeller speed is the dominant influencing factor, that is, the Xs decreases obviously when the inner impeller speed is increased. On the other hand, the coaxial mixers with multiple and axial inner impellers have a better micromixing performance at the same specific power consumption, PV, than that with single and radial inner impellers. Among the configurations consisting of a Rushton impeller (RT), six‐straight‐blade turbine impeller (SBT), and six‐pitched (45°)‐blade turbine impeller (PBT), the Xs of the coaxial mixer is always the smallest at the same PV when the PBT + RT configuration is used as the inner impeller. In addition, it is found that the difference in Xs that results from various operation modes is small in terms of power consumption; however, the co‐rotation mode is still recommended for the micromixing of the coaxial mixer due to its excellent performance in general.
Urine cytology suspicious for urothelial carcinoma: Prospective follow‐up of cases using cytology and urine biomarker‐based ancillary techniques
Authors: Montalbo Ruth , Izquierdo Laura , Ingelmo‐Torres Mercedes , Galve Pilar , Solé Manel , Franco Agustín , Ribal María José , Alcaraz Antonio , Mengual Lourdes
Published: February 2020

Background

Urine cytology results that are suspicious for urothelial carcinoma (UC) are challenging. The objective of this study was to elucidate the clinical significance of such results in patients who have a negative cystoscopy.

Methods

In this prospective study, 83 patients who had urine cytology that was suspicious of UC and a negative cystoscopy underwent a second cystoscopy and urine evaluation by cytology, UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay, FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) and TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) mutations and an 8‐gene expression classifier (GEC). Results from all techniques were compared with patients' clinical outcomes.

Results

The presence of tumor was identified in 41% of patients; of these, 82% had tumors identified at their second evaluation (76% high‐grade [HG] tumors), and 18% had tumors identified at a later follow‐up (50% were HG tumors). After The Paris System for Reporting urinary Cytology (TPS) reclassification, 53 cytology results still had an indeterminate diagnosis (13 were suspicious for HGUC, and 40 had atypical urothelial cells (AUCs)]. Complete results from second evaluations using urine cytology, cytology‐TPS, FISH, and GEC were available for 6 cases that were suspicious for HGUC and 34 cases that had AUCs. The sensitivity of these techniques to detect HG tumors in cases that were suspicious for HGUC was 100%, except for cytology‐TPS, for which the sensitivity was 50%. The sensitivity of cytology and cytology‐TPS to detect HG tumors in cases with AUCs was 33%, whereas the sensitivity of fluorescence in situ hybridization and GEC in these cases was 83% and 75%, respectively, to detect HG tumors at the second evaluation.

Conclusions

The current results indicate the relevant clinical significance of indeterminate urine cytology findings and strongly suggest the use of complementary evaluations by urine biomarker‐based, ancillary techniques to elucidate their significance.
A novel intrusion detection method based on threshold modification using receiver operating characteristic curve
Authors: Luo Jun , Chai Senchun , Zhang Baihai , Xia Yuanqing , Gao Jianlei , Zeng Guoqiang
Published: February 2020

Class imbalance makes traditional intrusion detection system have low detection rate (DR) and high false positive rate (FR) for minority class, which is unsuitable for practical needs. In order to improve the DRs and reduce FRs of minority classes, we propose a novel intrusion detection method, which combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) algorithm with threshold modification method based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In this method, we use CNNs as a classifier and modify threshold of the classifier through ROC curve. In addition, NSLKDD dataset and UNSW‐NB15 dataset have been carried out to evaluate the performance of this method. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method has a better performance no matter in improving DRs or reducing FRs of minority classes.
Multimedia processing using deep learning technologies, high‐performance computing cloud resources, and Big Data volumes
Authors: Mahmoudi Sidi Ahmed , Belarbi Mohammed Amin , Mahmoudi Saïd , Belalem Ghalem , Manneback Pierre
Published: February 2020

The last few years have been marked by the presence of very large sets of images and videos in our everyday lives. These multimedia objects have a very fast frequency of creation and sharing since images and videos can come from different devices such as smartphones, satellites, cameras, or drones. They are generally used to illustrate objects in different situations (public areas, train stations, hospitals, political and sport events and competitions, etc). As consequence, image and video processing algorithms have got increasing importance for several computer vision applications that should be adapted for managing large‐scale volumes and exploiting high performance computing resources (local or cloud). In this work, we propose a cloud‐based toolbox (platform) for computer vision applications. This platform integrates a toolbox of image and video processing algorithms that can (i) exploit high performance computing cloud resources, (ii) execute applications in real time, and (iii) manage large‐scale database using Big Data technologies. The related libraries and hardware drivers are automatically integrated and configured in order to offer to users an access to the different applications without the need to download, install, and configure software or hardware. Experiments were conducted using three kinds of applications: (i) image and video processing applications, (ii) deep learning techniques for images classification and multiobject localization, and (iii) images indexation and retrieval. These experiments demonstrated the interest of our platform for sharing, in an efficient way, our scientific contributions and annotated databases in order to improve the quality and performance of computer vision applications.