bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Compressibility with Riemann Solvers: Convergence of Limiters on Unstructured Meshes
Authors: Leakey Shannon , Glenis Vassilis , Hewett Caspar
Published: April 2022

Free-surface flows and other variable density incompressible flows have numerous important applications in engineering.One way such flows can be modelled is to extend established numerical methods for compressible flows to incompressible flows using the method of artificial compressibility. Artificial compressibility introduces a pseudo-time derivative for pressure and, in each real-time step, the solution advances in pseudo-time until convergence to an incompressible limit - a fundamentally different approach than SIMPLE, PISO, and PIMPLE, the standard methods used in OpenFOAM. Although the artificial compressibility method is widespread in the literature, its application to free-surface flows is not. In this paper, we apply the method to variable density flows on 3D unstructured meshes for the first time, implementing a Godunov-type scheme with MUSCL reconstruction and Riemann solvers, where the free surface gets captured automatically by the contact wave in the Riemann solver. The critical problem in this implementation lies in the slope limiters used in the MUSCL reconstruction step. It is well-known that slope limiters can inhibit convergence to steady state on unstructured meshes; the problem is exacerbated here as convergence in pseudo-time is required not just once, but at every real-time step. We compare the limited gradient schemes included in OpenFOAM with an improved limiter from the literature, testing the solver against dam-break and hydrostatic pressure benchmarks. This work opens OpenFOAM up to the method of artificial compressibility, breaking the mould of PIMPLE and harnessing high-resolution shock-capturing schemes that are easier to parallelise.
Implementation of a Modified Lid Driven Cavity in OpenFOAM
Authors: Tabor Gavin
Published: April 2022

The standard lid-driven cavity test case is one of the most used validation cases in CFD. Whilst comparisons with experimental and particularly DNS simulations are possible, there is no analytical solution, and the case is ill-posed when considering the boundary conditions. A modified lid driven cavity (MLDC) case exists in the literature in which the lid velocity is non-uniform and which introduces a spatially varying body force, and for which there is a closed-form analytical solution to the Navier-Stokes equations which is a function of the Reynolds number. In this paper I present an implementation of the MLDC as a modification of the standard OpenFOAM case, using run time coding for the boundary conditions and fvOptions, and show how convergence to the solution is affected by numerical parameters ofsimpleFoam such as choice of matrix inversion. The existance of an analytical solution also allows the investigation of the relation between the solver residual and the true solution error.
A practical approach to chronic kidney disease in primary care
Authors: Cheo Seng Wee , Low Qin Jian , Lim Tzyy Huei , Mak Woh Wei , Chow Alexander Kok Yip , Wong Koh Wei
Published: April 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a common clinical problem in primary care, can be defined as any abnormality of the kidney structure and/or function that has been present for at least 3 months. Over the past 20 years, the incidence and prevalence of CKD have been increasing in Malaysia in line with the rising number of non-communicable diseases. At present, CKD has no cure. The treatment of CKD is very much dependent on early diagnosis and prevention of CKD progression. In this article, we aim to illustrate a practical approach to CKD in primary care, including diagnosis, evaluation, and management of CKD.
Rash, red eyes, lip erosions and genital ulcer – What is the diagnosis?
Authors: Yap Evelyn Wen Yee
Published: April 2022

Maculopapular eruptions are frequently described as large areas of rash characterised by red, small, confluent bumps. They are frequently puzzling for the attending clinician due to the multiple possible aetiologies. Accurate diagnosis is important because treatment varies depending on the aetiology, and some rashes can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Common aetiologies implicated include drug allergies, infection-related (for example: viral exanthems, scarlet fever) and autoimmune conditions (for example: Still’s disease). We report a case of maculopapular eruption associated with mucocutaneous involvement and systemic symptoms. The possible differential diagnoses and approach to the management of this patient are discussed.
Intensive aerosol properties of Boreal and regional biomass burning aerosol at Mt. Bachelor Observatory: Larger and BC-dominant particles transported from Siberian wildfires
Authors: May Nathaniel , Bernays Noah , Farley Ryan , Zhang Qi , Jaffe Daniel
Published: April 2022

Abstract. We characterize the aerosol physical and optical properties of 13 transported biomass burning (BB) events. BB events included long-range influence from fires in Alaskan and Siberian Boreal Forests transported to MBO in the free troposphere (FT) over 8–14+ days and regional wildfires in Northern California and Southwestern Oregon transported to MBO in the boundary layer (BL) over 10 h to 3 days. Intensive aerosol optical properties and normalized enhancement ratios for BB events were derived from measured aerosol light scattering coefficients (σscat), aerosol light absorbing coefficients (σabs), fine particulate matter (PM1), and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements made from July to September 2019, with particle size distribution collected from August to September. The observations showed that the Siberian BB events had lower scattering Ångström exponent (SAE), higher mass scattering efficiency (MSE; Δσscat/ΔPM1), and a bimodal aerosol size distribution with a higher geometric mean diameter (Dg). We hypothesize that the larger particles and associated scattering properties were due to the transport of fine dust alongside smoke, in addition to contributions from condensation of secondary aerosol, coagulation of smaller particles, and aqueous phase processing during transport. Alaskan and Siberian Boreal Forest BB plumes were transported long distances in the FT and characterized by lower absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) values indicative of black carbon (BC) dominance in the radiative budget. Significantly elevated AAE values were only observed for BB events with <1 day transport, which suggests strong production of brown carbon (BrC) in these plumes but limited radiative forcing impacts outside of the immediate region.
Quantifying methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources using satellite observations of atmospheric methane
Authors: Jacob Daniel J. , Varon Daniel J. , Cusworth Daniel H. , Dennison Philip E. , Frankenberg Christian , Gautam Ritesh , Guanter Luis , Kelley John , McKeever Jason , Ott Lesley E. , Poulter Benjamin , Qu Zhen , Thorpe Andrew K. , Worden John R. , Duren Riley M.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. We review the capability of current and scheduled satellite observations of atmospheric methane in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) to quantify methane emissions from the global scale down to point sources. We cover retrieval methods, precision and accuracy requirements, inverse and mass balance methods to infer emissions, source detection thresholds, and observing system completeness. We classify satellite instruments as area flux mappers and point source imagers, with complementary attributes. Area flux mappers are high-precision (< 1 %) instruments with 0.1–10 km pixel size designed to quantify total methane emissions on regional to global scales. Point source imagers are fine-pixel (< 60 m) instruments designed to quantify individual point sources by imaging of the plumes. Current area flux mappers include GOSAT (2009–present), which provides a high-quality record for interpretation of long-term methane trends, and TROPOMI (2018–present) which provides global continuous daily mapping to quantify emissions on regional scales. Current point source imagers include the GHGSat constellation and several hyperspectral and multispectral land imaging sensors (PRISMA, Sentinel-2, Landsat-8/9, WorldView-3), with detection thresholds in the 100–10000 kg h-1 range. Future area flux mappers including MethaneSAT, GOSAT-GW, MicroCarb, GeoCarb, and CO2M will increase the capability to quantify emissions from source regions, and the MERLIN lidar will improve observation of the Arctic. The future constellation of Carbon Mapper point source imagers will achieve high observing system completeness for point sources through high spatial coverage and frequent return times.
North China Plain as a hot spot of ozone pollution exacerbated by extreme high temperatures
Authors: Wang Pinya , Yang Yang , Li Huimin , Chen Lei , Dang Ruijun , Xue Daokai , Li Baojie , Tang Jianping , Leung L. Ruby , Liao Hong
Published: April 2022

Abstract. A large population in China has been exposed to both severe
ozone (O3) pollution and extreme heat under global warming. Here, the
spatiotemporal characteristics of coupled extremes in surface O3 and
heat (OPCs) over China are investigated using surface observations, a
process-based chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem), and multi-model
simulations from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
(CMIP6). North China Plain (NCP; 37–41∘ N; 114–120∘ E)
is identified as a hot spot of OPCs, where more than half of the O3
pollution days are accompanied by high temperature extremes. OPCs over NCP
exceeded 40 d during 2014–2019, exhibiting an increasing trend. Both
O3 concentrations and temperatures are elevated during OPCs compared with
O3 pollution days occurring individually (OPIs). Therefore, OPCs impose
more severe health impacts to humans than OPIs, but the stronger health
effects are mainly driven by the higher temperatures. GEOS-Chem simulations
further reveal that enhanced chemical production resulting from hot and
stable atmospheric conditions under anomalous weather patterns primarily
contributes to the exacerbated O3 levels during OPCs. In the future,
CMIP6 projections suggest increased occurrences of OPCs over NCP in the
middle of this century, but by the end of this century, OPCs may decrease or
increase depending on the pollutant emission scenarios. However, for all
future scenarios, extreme high temperatures will play an increasingly
important role in modulating O3 pollution in a warming climate.
Controlled-release experiment to investigate uncertainties in UAV-based emission quantification for methane point sources
Authors: Morales Randulph , Ravelid Jonas , Vinkovic Katarina , Korbeń Piotr , Tuzson Béla , Emmenegger Lukas , Chen Huilin , Schmidt Martina , Humbel Sebastian , Brunner Dominik
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Mapping trace gas emission plumes using in situ measurements from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is an emerging and attractive possibility to quantify emissions from localized sources. Here, we present the results of an extensive controlled-release experiment in Dübendorf, Switzerland, which was conducted to develop an optimal quantification method and to determine the related uncertainties under various environmental and sampling conditions. Atmospheric methane mole fractions were simultaneously measured using a miniaturized fast-response quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer (QCLAS) and an active AirCore system mounted on a commercial UAV. Emission fluxes were estimated using a mass-balance method by flying the UAV-based system through a vertical cross-section downwind of the point source perpendicular to the main wind direction at multiple altitudes. A refined kriging framework, called cluster-based kriging, was developed to spatially map individual methane measurement points into the whole measurement plane, while taking into account the different spatial scales between background and enhanced methane values in the plume. We found that the new kriging framework resulted in better quantification compared to ordinary kriging. The average bias of the estimated emissions was −1 %, and the average residual of individual errors was 54 %. A Direct comparison of QCLAS and AirCore measurements shows that AirCore measurements are smoothed by 20 s and had an average time lag of 7 s. AirCore measurements also stretch linearly with time at an average rate of 0.06 s for every second of QCLAS measurement. Applying these corrections to the AirCore measurements and successively calculating an emission estimate shows an enhancement of the accuracy by 3 % as compared to its uncorrected counterpart. Optimal plume sampling, including the downwind measurement distance, depends on wind and turbulence conditions, and it is furthermore limited by numerous parameters such as the maximum flight time and the measurement accuracy. Under favourable measurement conditions, emissions could be quantified with an uncertainty of 30 %. Uncertainties increase when wind speeds are below 2.3 m s−1 and directional variability is above 33∘, and when the downwind distance is above 75 m. In addition, the flux estimates were also compared to estimates from the well-established OTM-33A method involving stationary measurements. A good agreement was found, both approaches being close to the true release and uncertainties of both methods usually capturing the true release.
Storming the news media: 5 years of reporting weather hazards and climate change
Authors: Brimicombe Chloe
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Global heating has increased the risk of weather hazards in recent years. Communication of weather hazard risk by the news media has importance. Newsworthiness affects weather hazards reporting. Here, the methods used to adhere to the open science principles of reproducibility and transparency. Methods used are advanced Google searches of media articles and the emergency disaster database (EM-DAT) that consider the weather hazards floods, heat waves, wildfires, storms and droughts. Storms have had a large number of articles in the last five years. But, wildfires have a large number of articles per individual occurrence. Science and media collaborations could address the bias and improve reporting.
Net effect of ice-sheet–atmosphere interactions reduces simulated transient Miocene Antarctic ice-sheet variability
Authors: Stap Lennert B. , Berends Constantijn J. , Scherrenberg Meike D. W. , van de Wal Roderik S. W. , Gasson Edward G. W.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Benthic δ18O levels vary strongly during the warmer-than-modern early and mid-Miocene (23 to 14 Myr ago), suggesting a dynamic Antarctic ice sheet (AIS).
So far, however, realistic simulations of the Miocene AIS have been limited to equilibrium states under different CO2 levels and orbital settings.
Earlier transient simulations lacked ice-sheet–atmosphere interactions and used a present-day rather than Miocene Antarctic bedrock topography.
Here, we quantify the effect of ice-sheet–atmosphere interactions, running the ice-sheet model IMAU-ICE using climate forcing from Miocene simulations by the general circulation model GENESIS.
Utilising a recently developed matrix interpolation method enables us to interpolate the climate forcing based on CO2 levels (between 280 and 840 ppm), as well as varying ice-sheet configurations (between no ice and a large East Antarctic Ice Sheet).
We furthermore implement recent reconstructions of Miocene Antarctic bedrock topography.
We find that the positive albedo–temperature feedback, partly compensated for by a negative feedback between ice volume and precipitation, increases hysteresis in the relation between CO2 and ice volume.
Together, these ice-sheet–atmosphere interactions decrease the amplitude of Miocene AIS variability in idealised transient simulations.
Forced by quasi-orbital 40 kyr forcing CO2 cycles, the ice volume variability reduces by 21 % when ice-sheet–atmosphere interactions are included compared to when forcing variability is only based on CO2 changes.
Thereby, these interactions also diminish the contribution of AIS variability to benthic δ18O fluctuations.
Evolving bedrock topography during the early and mid-Miocene also reduces ice volume variability by 10 % under equal 40 kyr cycles of atmosphere and ocean forcing.
Renal pathology associated with visceral gout in ducks
Authors: Anagha A. M. , Pradeep M. , Hamza Palekkodan , Anoopraj R. , Prasanna K. S. , George Ajith Jacob
Published: April 2022

Visceral gout is a metabolic disease of birds characterized by deposition of urate crystals in visceral organs. Though occurrence of visceral gout is common in chicken, reports from ducks and descriptions of its renal pathology are scarce. The present study describes visceral gout in Kuttanad duck, a native breed and in a White Pekin duck. A Kuttanad and a White Pekin duck of about one and a half years of age and reared under intensive system and brought for postmortem examination to Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode formed the material for the study. Grossly, visceral organs such as kidney, liver and heart showed diffuse deposition of chalky white material on the surfaces. Ureters were dilated and engorged with urate crystals. Histologically, kidney revealed extensive degeneration of epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules with urate crystals in the lumen. Characteristic lesions noticed in kidneys of both cases were glomerular sclerosis, severe interstitial fibrosis causing tubular atrophy and mild infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the interstitium. This chronic lesion in kidney might be the primary reason for impaired uric acid excretion and deposition of uric acid crystals in various internal organs of the ducks.
Occurrence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella spp. in environmental samples
Authors: Swetha P. T. , Mathew Binsy , Latha C. , Sethulekshmi C.
Published: April 2022

The present study was undertaken for the isolation and identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella spp. from environmental samples. A total of 120 soil and 120 water samples were collected from ponds and rivers in Thrissur. The samples were subjected to conventional culture techniques and K. pneumoniae and Salmonella spp. isolates were detected in 57.50 and 14.58 per cent samples, respectively.There were no significant differences between the occurrence of K. pneumoniae and Salmonella spp. in different soil and water samples, (p≥0.05). The isolates were subjected to molecular confirmation targeting rpoB gene for K. pneumoniae and invA gene for Salmonella spp. Out of the 138 K. pneumoniae and 35 Salmonella spp. isolates analysed, 86.96 and 97.14 per cent isolates were found positive on PCR. The results of the study revealed that environment acts as an important reservoir of K. pneumoniae and Salmonella spp.
The Kerala floods of 2018 – exploring the socio-economic characteristics of flood affected dairy farmers in Ernakulam and Thrissur districts
Authors: Patil Sachin B. , Joseph Biya Ann , George P. Reeja , Harikumar S. , Gleeja V. L. , Mathew Joseph
Published: April 2022

An ex post facto investigation into the socio economic characteristics of the flood affected dairy farmers of Ernakulam and Thrissur districts was carried out during the months of October to December in 2020. Ten villages each were selected at random from Ernakulam and Thrissur districts and 75 livestock farmers each from the selected villages were studied. A cross sectional survey design was employed for the study in which data were collected using pretested structured interview schedules. Analysis of data on the socio-economic characteristics of the affected farmers revealed that 79.3 per cent were members of nuclear families and that 60 per cent of them fell in the age group 40-59 years. It was also evident that 56.7 per cent of the affected farmers were women. The educational status of most of the respondents ranged from middle school (25.3 %) to Secondary School (24.7%). Dairying as a primary occupation was reported by 79.3 per cent of the respondents and this was not a new venture for the vast majority of respondents as evidenced by the fact that 86.7 per cent of the them had been engaged in this activity for over 30 years. The annual income from animal husbandry for 48.7 per cent of respondents was between Rupees 30,000 and Rupees 60,000. Majority of the respondents were small land holders (86%) reporting low levels of material possession (69.3%). Many respondents gone through the serious hardship at their relief along with psychologically depressed, so that the intervention of government during post flood is at most important.
Effect of seasonal variation in Temperature Humidity Index on milk production and its composition in Murrah buffaloes
Authors: Kalyan U. P. V. , Vasantha S. K. I. , Tej J. Nikhil Kumar
Published: April 2022

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of seasonal variation in Temperature Humidity Index (THI) on milk production and composition in Murrah buffaloes. Eight adult lactating Murrah buffaloes of 3-5 years of age and insecond to fourth lactation were selected in summer and winter season. Meteorological variables such as ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded and THI was calculated during the period of study. Milk samples were collected from Murrah buffaloes and evaluated for the concentration of milk fat, protein, SNF, lactose and salt. The data was analyzed using SPSS v.20. The results indicated that average milk production, milk fat, protein and SNF decreased significantly (p<0.05) in summer in comparison to winter, while lactose and salt did not differ significantly (p>0.05) in between seasons. From the present study it was concluded that high THI imposes significant heat stress and negatively affects milk production and composition in Murrah buffaloes. Hence, additional feed, shelter and management practices might be adopted to overcome the negative effects of thermal stress and also to optimize milk production of the animals.
Adölesanlarda Teknolojik Oyun Bağımlılığı ve Karakter Güçleri
Authors: Çakır Yaren , Turan Nazan
Published: April 2022

Günümüzde değişik amaçlar doğrultusunda kullanılan teknolojinin aşırı ve gereksiz kullanımının teknoloji bağımlılığına yol açtığı belirtilmektedir. Konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalara bakıldığında, adölesan nüfusun teknoloji bağımlılığı açısından en riskli grubu oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte karakter güçlerinin adölesanlar için koruyucu işlevde olduğu ve adölesanlarda teknoloji bağımlılığının önlenmesine yönelik olarak; risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi, ortadan kaldırılması ile koruyucu önlem çalışmalarına ağırlık verildiği görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu derlemenin amacı, adölesanlarda teknolojik oyun bağımlılığı ile karakter güçlerine dikkat çekilmesi ve adölesanlarda teknoloji bağımlılığını azaltmada psikiyatri hemşiresinin rolü konusunda farkındalık oluşturulmasıdır.
Opioid Kullanım Bozukluğu Olan Hastalarda Psikolojik Dayanıklılığın Tedavi Devamlılığı İle İlişkisi
Authors: Yalçın Şahiner Şafak , Aşut Gonca , Şahiner İsmail Volkan
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Opioid bağımlılığı ülkemizde ve dünyada tedavisi güç, remisyon oranları düşük bir hastalıktır. Remisyon oranlarının düşük olmasındaki ana nedenlerden biri de hastaların tedaviye devamının sağlanmasında yaşanan güçlüklerdir. Psikolojik dayanıklılık kişilerin güç durumlardaki verdikleri tepkileri belirleyen etmenlerden biridir. Çalışmamızda, opioid kullanım bozukluklu hastalarda psikolojik dayanıklılığın ve bazı sosyodemografik özelliklerin tedaviye devam etme ile ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçladık.
Yöntem: Ankara Alkol Madde Tedavi ve Eğitim Merkezine (AMATEM) opioid kullanım bozukluğu tedavisi için ilk defa başvuran, idrar analiz sonucu pozitif çıkan 260 hastaya sosyodemografik veri formu, erişkinler için psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeği verildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastalar 6 ay boyunca idrar analizi ve psikiyatri görüşmesi yapılarak takip edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 243 erkek 17 kadın toplam 260 hasta dahil edildi. 61 hasta ilk başvurudan sonra bir daha takibe gelmezken 70 hasta 6 ay boyunca düzenli takiplerine gelmiştir. Okulda disiplin cezası alan, çalışmayan, daha önce cezaevinde kalan, ailede alkol veya madde kullanımı olan hastalarda psikolojik dayanıklılık anlamlı derecede düşük bulunmuştur. Takibe devam eden hastaların psikolojik dayanıklılığı yüksek bulunmuş, sosyal kaynaklar gibi alt ölçekler anlamlı derece yüksek bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Opioid bağımlılığında tedaviye devam remisyonu etkileyen önemli faktörlerden biridir. Aile öyküsü, cezaevi öyküsü işsizlik, psikolojik dayanıklılık, sosyal kaynaklar gibi faktörler tedaviye devamı etkileyebilmektedir.
Annelerin Dijital Ebeveynlik Farkındalığının Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve Çeşitli Değişkenler ile İlişkisi
Authors: Pazarcıkcı Fahriye , Ağralı Hatice , Aydınlı Ayşe
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada annelerin dijital ebeveynlik farkındalığıyla sağlık okuryazarlığı ve çeşitli değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışma, korelasyonel desende nicel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 5-11 yaş arası çocuğa sahip 311 anne oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin uygulanması ve değerlendirilmesinde Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Dijital Ebeveynlik Farkındalık Ölçeği ve Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri çevrimiçi anket yoluyla elde edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan annelerin yaş ortalaması 30.23±4.85’dir. Annelerin %62.1’i son altı aydır il merkezinde yaşamaktadır. Annelerin %7.1’inin çocuğu akıllı telefona, %39.2’sinin çocuğu tablet PC’ye sahiptir. Annelerin %48.2’si çocuğuyla yeterince vakit geçirdiğini belirtmiştir. Çalışmada annelerin yüksek dijital ebeveynlik farkındalığına ve sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Annelerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyi azaldıkça dijital olumsuz model olma ve dijital ihmal düzeylerinin anlamlı düzeyde arttığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca annelerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyi arttıkça verimli kullanım ve risklerden koruma düzeyleri de anlamlı farklılıkta artmıştır. Ek olarak çocukların akıllı telefon/tablet PC’ye sahip olmasının, annelerin çocukları ile yeterli vakit geçirmesinin ve son altı aydır yaşanılan bölgenin de dijital ebeveynlik farkındalığını etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçları doğrultusunda annelerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri ile dijital ebeveynlik rollerini geliştirici, dijital çevrelerinin niteliğini artırıcı programların düzenlenmesi önerilmektedir. Bu programların toplum sağlığının korunmasına katkı sağlayacağı beklenmektedir.
Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Treatment in Comorbid Nicotine Addiction with Major Depressive Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Uzdu Yaşar Asena , Cinemre Buket , Erdoğan Ali
Published: April 2022

Objective: Nicotine addiction is a common health problem in psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of rTMS on comorbid nicotine addiction in patients receiving recurrent Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) therapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Method: Data of 32 patients (23 MDD, 9 OCD) were evaluated retrospectively. We compared the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAS), Yale-Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale (Y-BOCS), and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores at three time points (before treatment "0th week", at the end of treatment “6th week”, and 12 weeks after this assessment “18th week”).
Results: The patients’ mean age was 40.47±10.20, 13(40.6%) were women. A significant reduction was found in HAM-D, BAS, FTND at weeks 6 (p<0.001 for all) and 18 (p<0.001 for all) compared to baseline scores. A binary logistic regression showed that changes in depression and anxiety symptoms were not associated with the changes in FTND ratings at weeks 6 and 18 (p=0.158, p=0.251, respectively).
Conclusion: In this study, it can be said that rTMS treatment reduces the severity of nicotine addiction accompanying MDD and OCD, independent of the recovery of the psychiatric disease. This study suggests that rTMS can be an effective treatment for nicotine addiction comorbid with psychiatric disorders. We recommend placebo-controlled randomized double-blind studies.
The inhibitory effect of Ukrainian honey on probiotic bacteria
Authors: Sidashova Svitlana , Adamchuk Leonora , Yasko Valentyna , Kirovich Natalia , Lisohurska Dina , Postoienko Hanna , Lisohurska Olha , Furman Svitlana , Bezditko Liudmyla
Published: April 2022

Honey is used in the food industry as a natural sweetener and has therapeutic effects on the human body. Obtaining quality honey involves using organic preventive and treatment agents in beekeeping. The most common of these agents are probiotic supplements. This research aimed to study honey’s interaction with an inhibitory effect on the growth of microorganisms from the probiotic supplement Immunobacterin-D under laboratory and experimental field conditions. At the first stage of the research, we assessed the effects of ten honey varieties (buckwheat, sunflower, meadow and forest plants, linden) on B. subtilis and B. licheniformis from the dry probiotic supplement. The honey-containing nutrient media had an inhibitory effect on the growth of B. subtilis colonies. After 24 hours of cultivation under aerobic conditions, the concentration of B. subtilis decreased, on average, from 5×1012 colony-forming units in 1 g to 3.2×104 and 2.1×105 CFU/g in samples with monofloral and polyfloral honey, respectively. These results emphasize the need for further research on the symbiotic role of microflora in the stability of the microbiota of the hive and bee colony ecosystem. The next stage of the study investigated the probiotic effect on bee colonies in the field. Observations were made on the sanitary conditions of the hives and the behaviour of bees at the Petrodolyna demo apiary. No differences were found at the macro hive-bee colony ecosystem level between control bee colonies (n = 5) and the experimental ones (n = 5) that had received carbohydrate feeding with added probiotics. This confirms the inhibitory effect of honey on the development of bacteria, which eliminates the risk of uncontrolled growth of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis strain colonies inside the hive and the bacteria getting into bee products. The probiotic had positive effects, increasing the live weight of worker bees by 9.15% by the end of the apiary season compared to the control. This can improve the viability of the bees during wintering. At the last stage of the research, the honey obtained from the experimental colonies was checked for the spores of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis using melissopalynology.
Museus de ciências e Covid-19: análise dos impactos da pandemia no Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Alice , Massarani Luisa , Falcão Douglas
Published: April 2022

Neste artigo, apresentamos os resultados de pesquisa que buscou identificar os impactos da pandemia de Covid-19 nos centros e museus de ciências brasileiros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário online respondido por 89 gestores(as) de centros e museus de ciências brasileiros. Os resultados indicam que muitos espaços (73; 82%) conseguiram implementar ações remotas, o que permitiu, segundo os respondentes, ampliação e diversificação geográfica do público. Entretanto, a relação dos museus com as comunidades foi prejudicada, tendo havido na maioria dos casos a interrupção completa ou parcial das ações voltadas para ela. Os respondentes relataram também carência de recursos financeiros e humanos para lidar com o fechamento para o público presencial, a adoção do trabalho remoto e a adaptação de ações para o formato online.
A PERSPECTIVA DA DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA PELO ENGAJAMENTO PÚBLICO: UM MODELO VIÁVEL?
Authors: Ribeiro Tatiana Dunshee de A. G. , Rocha Luisa Maria Gomes de Mattos
Published: April 2022

A consolidação do campo da divulgação científica propiciou o desenvolvimento de um arcabouço conceitual voltado para modelos da comunicação pública da ciência. O modelo de Engajamento Público se baseia no envolvimento ativo de cidadãos em diversos aspectos da ciência. Este trabalho de cunho exploratório e documental tem como objeto de estudo o campo teórico e aplicado da comunicação pública da ciência, voltado para a análise de dois programas de pesquisa com a participação de voluntários em uma unidade de conservação federal. Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis coordenadores e seis voluntários, além da avaliação dos editais, constatamos o desafio frente à aproximação entre a teoria e a prática dos programas. Almeja-se contribuir para um maior aprofundamento do campo da divulgação científica, indicando as suas potencialidades.
A MOBILIDADE DO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL MUSEALIZADO: uma análise a partir de bens culturais do interior de São Paulo
Authors: Xavier Janaina Silva
Published: April 2022

Os museus constituíram seus acervos de acordo com modelos enciclopédicos, concentrando os bens culturais de diversas regiões, seguindo um princípio de acumulação. Porém, após a década de 1970 observa-se o esgotamento e a crítica a essa prática. Este artigo examina as discussões que propõem a mobilidade do patrimônio musealizado e o encaminhamento dos bens para os seus cenários de origem, procurando identificar a viabilidade de retorno e suas implicações para as instituições museológicas. Para tanto, foi feita uma reflexão teórica, apresentados exemplos nacionais e internacionais e realizado um estudo de caso envolvendo bens relacionados à cidade de Limeira preservados no Centro de Memória - Unicamp (CMU), em Campinas, e as possibilidades de mobilidade para o Museu Major José Levy Sobrinho, em Limeira. Como resultados, observou-se que os museus precisam repensar suas políticas de acervo, a partir de ações de realocar, redistribuir, reduzir e reestruturar, priorizando os contextos de produção.
THE ROLE OF HYDRO-KINESIOTHERAPY IN THE REHABILITATION OF ARTICULAR PATHOLOGY
Authors: SHAVIANIDZE GEORGE , SHAVIANIDZE MARINA , LOMIDZE GEORGE
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to determine influence and mechanism of action of rehabilitation complexes and therapeutic exercises in the bath and in the gym for patients with osteoarthrosis gave the best results on the second stage after the analgetic and relaxing effects had been received. Direct and late results were more expressed using rehabilitation in spa conditions with two stage and longer period of treatment. On the first stage use therapeutic exercises for patients with primary osteoarthrosis in not advisable. A use of therapeutic exercise is recommended for patients with posttraumatic osteoarthrosis and congenital dysplasia of femoral head.
INTERLEUKIN-21 IN PATIENTS WITH IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA WHO UNDERWENT SPLENECTOMY
Authors: METREVELI SOPHIO , KVACHADZE IRINE , KIKODZE NINO , NANAVA NINO , CHIKOVANI TINATIN , JANIKASHVILI NONA
Published: April 2022

Antiplatelet autoantibodies that are produced as a result of B and T lymphocyte interactions are regarded to have a cardinal role in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). In numerous autoimmune disorders, interleukin-21 (IL-21) is suggested to play an important role in the B cell stimulation by follicular helper T (TFH) and the enhancement of autoantibody production. The present study aimed to explore the levels of IL-21 in ITP patients who did not respond to first line treatment and had splenectomy as a second line therapy. Control group was comprised by patients who underwent splenectomy for other reasons than autoimmune or malignant hematological pathologies. Our results showed no significant difference in plasma levels of IL-21 between ITP patients and controls. Nevertheless, our data have clinically and scientifically important value, further investigations, considering previous treatments, refined controls and other research limitations, are needed to understand the detailed role of IL-21 in ITP pathogenesis.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PERIPHERAL BLOOD INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND INTERLEUKIN-21 IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES
Authors: NANAVA NINO , GIORGOBIANI GIORGI , KIKODZE NINO , METREVELI SOPHIO , CHIKOVANI TINATIN , JANIKASHVILI NONA
Published: April 2022

Inflammation that occurs in the tumor microenvironment and in the systemic circulation correlates with disease progression and prognosis in a number of tumors. One way to assess the systemic immune response is to determine the cells/their ratio associated with inflammation, which can easily be measured with complete blood count. IL-21 has a variety of regulatory effects on both normal and tumor cells, leading to their proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.The aim of our study was to determine the level of IL-21 in patients with lymphoma-leukemia and to correlate it with the biomarkers of systemic inflammation involved in carcinogenesis - NLR, PLR, PMR, HLR, SII, dNLR.The study included patients with hematologic tumors who underwent splenectomy for therapeutic indications. The control group consisted of patients who also underwent splenectomy but not due to malignant tumor or autoimmune disease.According to our study analysis interleukin-21 levels did not differ significantly between the study and control groups. Serum levels of interleukin-21 in patients with malignant hematologic tumors are negatively correlated with dNLR.
MODERN VISION OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN GEORGIA AND MANAGING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROCESSES
Authors: LOLUA SALOME , TABIDZE DEVI
Published: April 2022

It has been stablished through modern scientific research and life practice that demography does not serve only statistical description of population. Throughout time, based on needs, it expanded its scope and, together with other sciences, it depicts in-depth issues of reproductive health. Among 5 global problems in the world the one of managing the demographic situation and processes of reproductive health is prevailing. All this envisages disastrous growth of the world population and significant decrease of it in the countries with ancient civilization, including, Georgia.
EFEKTIFITAS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA (STUDI KASUS DI DESA PURWODADI KECAMATAN TEGALREJO KABUPATEN MAGELANG)
Authors: Priyono Nuwun , Wahyudi Muhamad , Prijanto Whinarko Juli
Published: April 2022

Dengan lahirnya UU Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa menjadikan desa-desa menerima sumber pendapatan dari APBN. Adanya keterbatatasan SDM dalam pengelolaan keuangan desa dan berbagai hal lain yang menjadi kendala diperlukan penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini: 1) Menganalisis seberapa besar efektivitas pengelolaan keuangan desa di Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Tegalrejo Kabupaten Magelang, 2) Menganalisis dan mengkaji mekanisme pengelolaan keuangan desa di Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Tegalrejo Kabupaten Magelang, 3) Mengetahui perkembangan kinerja keuangan Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Tegalrejo Kabupaten Magelang dan 4) Mengetahui upaya-upaya yang dilakukan dalam menghadapi kendala pengelolaan keuangan desa di Purwodadi Kecamatan Tegalrejo Kabupaten Magelang. Luaran penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan naskah yang dikirim pada jurnal nasional dan materi yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengayaan bahan ajar pada mata kuliah akuntansi sektor publik.Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan  sekunder, yang akan diambil melalui wawancara, kuesioner dan observasi. Data laporan neraca dan data laporan realisasi APBDes berasal dari Pemerintah Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Tegalrejo Kabupaten Magelang Penelitian ini menggunakan data  time series yaitu data tahun 2015 dan 2016. Penelitian ini akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistic deskriptif. Dengan melihat rasio efektivitas pengelolaan keuangan dan pengukuran kinerja keuangan desa.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) berdasarkan laporan realisasi APBDes Tahun 2015-2017 pengelolaan keuangan desa rata-rata menunjukan angka 100 % yang berarti efektif, 2) perkembangan kinerja keuangan desa dilihat dari realisasi APBDes selalu mengalami peningkatan dari Tahun 2015-2017, 3) Mekanisme pengelolaan keuangan Desa Purwodadi meliputi beberapa tahap yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, penatausahaan dan pelaporan serta pertanggugjawaban, 4) beberapa upaya sudah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Desa Purwodadi dalam mengatasi kendala dan hambatan dalam pengelolaan keuangan desa.
PENGARUH EFEKTIVITAS MANAJEMEN DANA DESA TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKUR DESA (STUDI KASUS DI DESA KALIKAYEN)
Authors: Sholih Ahwan , Amanah Amanah
Published: April 2022

The Village Fund is a concrete form of state recognition of the origin of the village and the local authority of the village. Village Funds are expected to provide additional energy for the village in developing and empowering villages, towards a strong, advanced and independent village. This study examines the Village Fund in the Kalikayen Village. The reason for taking the location is referring to previous research which says that Kalikayen Village is a village in which the village fund management is in accordance with the rules that apply in its management process. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Village Fund Management and the Level of Kalikayen Village Infrastructure Development. This analysis is carried out with a simple regression analysis method, with secondary data obtained from literature and primary data obtained from surveys, questionnaires and observations on the intended object. The results of statistical tests using SPSS generated data that the R Square test was found to be 0.471, this implies that the influence of the village fund management variable on the variable of infrastructure development was 47.2%. While the remaining 52.8% is explained by other unknown factors or variables in this study such as the enthusiasm of the residents, the leadership capacity of the village head, etc. Statistical test results prove that the village fund management variable (X) obtained sig value is 0.05 (0.005 <0.05). This means that the Hypothesis (Village Fund Management of Infrastructure Development) which states that village fund management has a positive and significant effect on infrastructure development is accepted.
PENGELOLAAN ALOKASI DANA DESA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN GOOD GOVERNANCE
Authors: Setiawan Ade
Published: April 2022

This study aims to know the management of the Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in achieving good governance (accountability, transparency and participation) ranging from planning, implementation and accountability. This study uses qualitative descriptive method with case studies, which describe the management of the Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in rural Ngombakan then compared with the applicable regulations (Permendagri No. 113/2014), and crosscheck with real phenomenon that occurs in the management of the Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in rural Ngombakan realize good governance, so that it can be withdrawn conclusion. The results of this study indicate that the management of ADD in the Ngombakan village outline has been accountable, transparent, and participatory. However, technically there are still obstacles. These constraints are an obstacle from districts that are late in making the Bupati Regulation regarding the regulations on ADD and its management. This has an impact on the delay in reporting related to ADD management in Ngombakan Village.
Epidemiological Trend of Cancer among Patients at Regional Cancer Center, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur: A Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India
Authors: Sinha Ashish Kumar , Jain Rajeev Ratan , Pradhan Somen Kumar
Published: April 2022

Background- In present scenario, there is a lack of well established population based cancer registry in the state of Chhattisgarh. Therefore hospital records can play a major role in filling the gap. Cancer data from Chhattisgarh are very much limited. Hence, this study was planned based on hospital records of cancer patients registered at Regional cancer centre, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
Materials and Methods- It is a record based retrospective study conducted at Regional cancer centre, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur. Patient records were obtained from Medical Record department and relevant information was extracted from them for the present study.
Results- A total of 16,395 patients were registered at the RCC during the 5 year period i.e. 2011 to 2015, were included in this study. The male: female ratio was found to be 1:1.33 approximately. Majority of the male and female patients were from 45-59 years age group. Most commonly reported cancer among male and female patients were oral cancer and cervical cancer respectively.
Conclusion- Oral cancer were more common among males where as gynaecological cancers like cervical and breast cancer were more prevalent among females, more over ovarian cancer came into notice with increasing trend. Females are victims of cancer at an early age in comparison to male counterparts.

Key words: Cancer, Regional Cancer Centre (RCC), Chhattisgarh, Behaviour Change Communication (BCC)
Weave of Knowledge: Sensitive "Com-Versations" for the Science of the New World
Authors: BAPTISTA Maria Luiza Cardinale
Published: April 2022

The present text has an essayistic character, with the proposal to present the theme Weave of Knowledge: sensitive “com-versations” for the Science of the New World. In this sense, it is guided by the thematic proposition and develops the narrative as sensitive “com-versations” between various studies carried out in the South of Brazil, intertwining with researchers from other Brazilian universities and more than 10 countries. The essay corresponds, especially, to theoretical-reflexive conversations, which give orientation to the dimensions: Weave of Knowledge and conversations, with an epistemological-theoretical, ecosystemic-complex-schizoanalytical approach. In this way, it instigates to understand and reflect on scientific signs for the New World, an expression used to represent the becoming, what is to come, in the contemporary scenario, due to the grandiosity of large-scale mutations, for Science, the Coexistence and the possibility of Survival on (and of) the Planet. In methodological terms, the production derives from the association between two authorial methodological strategies: Cartography of Knowledge and Rhizomatic Matrices, which allow the opening to produce Complex and Sensitive Science and, at the same time, for the maturing of the systematization of qualitative data. There is also an association with the assumption that the investigation results from a kind of investigative journey, an investigative journey, and that its result is, in this sense, a travel narrative, with characteristics of sensitive autotranspoietic narratives.