bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ З ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗВИТКУ ПРОЄКТНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕДАГОГІВ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Мамонов Михайло Анатолійович
Published: February 2025

The article presents a theoretical analysis of scientific research on the problem of developing project thinking of future teachers of vocational education. The subject of the study is project thinking as a key competence that ensures the effectiveness of teachers' professional activities in modern conditions. The topic covers aspects of the formation of project thinking through the use of innovative approaches, in particular, activity, competency, problem-oriented, integrative, collaborative and reflective. The purpose of the work is to systematize scientific and methodological approaches to the development of project thinking of future teachers of vocational education and determine effective ways of its formation. The methodological basis of the study is the analysis of scientific literature, comparison of different concepts and approaches to the formation of project thinking, synthesis of the data obtained to create a holistic system. The analysis has revealed that project thinking is a multi-component phenomenon that includes analytical, creative, communicative, organizational and reflective components. The development of these components is possible through the implementation of modern teaching methods, in particular project activities, interactive technologies, an interdisciplinary approach and joint work in teams. It is determined that for the successful formation of project thinking, students' motivation, their active participation in the learning process and constant reflection are of great importance. The conclusions of the study confirm that the development of project thinking of future teachers of vocational education is a necessary condition for their professional training. The article offers recommendations for the integration of the project approach into the educational process, in particular, the creation of conditions for interdisciplinary work, the organization of practice-oriented learning and the introduction of reflective practices. In addition, the importance of using information and communication technologies for the effective implementation of educational projects is emphasized. The materials of the article will be valuable for teachers, scientists, methodologists and other specialists involved in the training of teachers of vocational education. The results obtained help to better understand modern approaches to the formation of project thinking and suggest effective ways of its implementation in the educational process.
Primeros registros de Sylvilagus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758) para la provincia de Catamarca, República Argentina
Authors: Andrada Mariano A. , Inga Quarín Lourdes M. , Araya Franco E.
Published: February 2025

En este trabajo se presentan los primeros registros documentados de Sylvilagus brasiliensis para la provincia de Catamarca. Se trata de tres ejemplares, dos de los cuales fueron fotografiados durante el mes de enero de 2024 en áreas próximas a la localidad de Alijilán, departamento de Santa Rosa. Estos registros contribuyen al conocimiento sobre la distribución de la especie en Argentina y suman un nuevo taxón a la mastofauna conocida para la provincia.
An overview of caudal autotomy in rodents, with new records for Cricetidae and Heteromyidae
Authors: López Celeste María , Turcios-Casco Manfredo Alejandro
Published: February 2025

La autotomía caudal es un fenómeno conocido principalmente en reptiles (por ejemplo, Lepidosauria), pero los casos en mamíferos son escasos. Por lo tanto, se presenta una revisión sobre la autotomía caudal en roedores y se registran cuatro nuevos casos para las especies: la rata de arroz del bosque nublado, Handleyomys saturatior (Merriam, 1901); el ratón espinoso de Desmarest, Heteromys desmarestianus (Gray, 1868); la Rata de Vesper, Nyctomys sumichrasti (Saussure, 1860); y el ratón trepador de orejas grandes, Ototylomys phyllotis Merriam, 1901. Se han documentado un total de 55 especies de roedores con autotomía caudal, siendo el 72,7% autotomía falsa y el 27,3% autotomía verdadera. Es esencial investigar este rasgo defensivo, ya que puede contribuir significativamente a su adaptabilidad y éxito en diversos hábitats.
Ritmos circadianos de los armadillos Dasypus novemcinctus y Euphractus sexcinctus en el Área Natural Protegida «La Esmeralda», Espinal entrerriano, República Argentina
Authors: Muzzachiodi Norberto , Sabattini Julián A.
Published: February 2025

Conocer el ritmo diario de actividad de una especie es importante dada su sensibilidad ante cambios naturales y antropogénicos, teniendo en cuenta que se ha planteado que los cambios en el hábitat podrían verse exacerbados por el cambio climático. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo aportar información sobre los ritmos diarios de actividad de Dasypus novemcinctus y Euphractus sexcinctus en bosques nativos remanentes del Espinal entrerriano. Se utilizaron cinco trampas cámara instaladas en ambientes de bosques nativos típicos y bosques ribereños donde los armadillos cohabitaban con animales en pastoreo, totalizando un esfuerzo de muestreo de 648 días/trampa. La mulita grande tuvo un comportamiento nocturno, mientras que el gualacate fue nocturno-crepuscular.
Freedom as a Polyphonic Concept in the "vota" for the Second Vatican Council
Authors: Wąsek Damian , Zieliński Sławomir
Published: February 2025

This article explores the multifaceted nature of freedom that emerges from the various vota sent from around the world in the antepreparatory phase of the Second Vatican Council. The voices of bishops and institutions, each with their unique perspective, are structured into five categories. The first is the foundations and sources of freedom often presented in a polemical aspect. The second category is the issue of free will and freedom of conscience. The third concerns freedom within the Catholic Church. The fourth issue considered is freedom in ecumenical and interreligious dialogue. The last reflection explores freedom in the area of state governance and its relationship with the Church. The whole is concluded by detailing the tensions in the positions cited above, with a commentary that demonstrates the topicality of the issue addressed.
A Cephalometric Study for Evaluation and Comparison of the Cranial Base Angles and Cranial Base Length and the Effective Maxillary and Mandibular Lengths in Class I, Class II, and Class II Subdivision Malocclusion among Male and Female Adults in Kundrathur Population
Authors: Parvathi K  , M.C. Sainath  , Nambi Navaneetha , Vivekanandan U  , Rayen Lasington
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The relationship between malocclusions and skeletal morphology is a popular topic of maxillofacial developmental research. As one of the most common diagnostic records is the cephalogram, the relationship among cranial base angle, cranial base length, maxilla, and mandible can easily be determined. Using Steiner’s cephalometric analysis, malocclusions can be easily classified by ANB angle. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 cephalograms (30% males and 30% females) were available for the present study). The inclusion criteria were patients with Natives of Kundrathur. Results: The mean maxillary length and mandibular length was highest among the study subjects of Class I malocclusion. Conclusion: Sexual dimorphism was statistically significant as the males have increased maxillary length, and mandibular length than females.
El dibujo artístico mediante la representación gráfica
Authors: Betancourt Márquez Alexander , Blanco Rodríguez Yornis Andrés , Moya Rodríguez Ángela María
Published: February 2025

Estudio cuyo objetivo consistió en fortalecer las representaciones gráficas de los mitos y leyendas de la cultura vallenata a través del dibujo artístico en estudiantes de sexto grado. Esta investigación se trabajó bajo el paradigma sociocrítico y el enfoque cualitativo, en el marco de la investigación acción, a partir de la dinamización de tres ciclos. En el primero, se realizó la detección y el diagnóstico del problema de investigación; en el segundo, se elaboró el plan para solucionar el problema o introducir el cambio, y en el tercero, se implementó el plan y se realizó la evaluación de resultados. La unidad de trabajo estuvo constituida por 41 estudiantes. Los resultados señalan la importancia de profundizar en las necesidades objetivas que presentan los estudiantes, con el fin de implementar mecanismos novedosos que contribuyan al gusto y disfrute de los mitos y leyendas de la cultura vallenata para fortalecer las representaciones gráficas. Finalmente, los educandos comprendieron y expresaron adecuadamente una amplia gama de emociones en sus representaciones; utilizaron creativamente diversos elementos visuales, y transmitieron, de forma clara y efectiva, mensajes emocionales y narrativas a través de sus representaciones.
Cryptanalyze shift register based-Stream Cipher Using Innovative DNA Trees Clustering Model to
Authors: Sahar Yaseen Basim
Published: February 2025

The paper presents a novel approach that merges the abilities of the biological environment with the concept of hierarchical trees to attack a specific stream cipher. The model being presented introduces a systematic method that targets a group of stream ciphers, such as the GCM family, these devices are composed of components that are suitable for the proposed method. A restricted set of binaries for the final key sequence is required to implement this technique as an input. The attacked algorithm comprises feedback shift registers, memories, delays, and so on. The stream ciphers are widely used in modern encryption to secure communication devices, so any attempt to analyze or attack it is of the utmost importance. The results of this method have been confirmed to lead to the destruction of the cipher's security. Many novelties and contributions of the present work can be summarized as follows: firstly, the key generator's components are attacked individually, disrupting the cohesion between them. This was not possible previously except in rare cases and under difficult conditions. Secondly, the method of verifying the correct initial values is unrelated to the generator's operation. Thirdly, the technique applies biological concepts and processes to laboratory test tubes for genetic engineering, it can be said that the prepared model targets a broad class of stream key generators, rather than a single algorithm. The proposed technique requires a specific and deterministic number of final key sequence bits, which are easy to provide. The proposed technique creates a search ℇ-tree in the style of hierarchical clusters, in which the first level contains ℇ nodes. Then each successive level contains the square of ℇ nodes of the number of nodes in the previous level, and the root is composed of the total solution space of the stream key generator and produces the nodes of each level from the intersection of the cluster contents in the test tubes for all clusters in the level above it. The contribution and novelty of the present work is cryptanalyzing and attacking shift register-based stream key generators involves fragmentation. The attacking principle entails disassembling generator components from registers and individually attacking them. DNA logic clustering aids in this process, as the strength of these generators relies on component cohesion.
Because the components are cryptanalyzed individually, the time complexity of the attack is equal to O(C2N), where N is the length of the largest component, and C is a constant.
The impact of the morphological dimension of digital architecture on the strategic value of the urban fabric
Authors: Abdulabbass Hammoodi Shahad , Shuker Mahmoud Wahda
Published: February 2025

Various models of digital architecture have appeared globally, affecting its context in different formats and dimensions. With its free forms and complex topology, digital architecture creates new formation of cities and affects their visual, material, and morphological features in terms of re-reading and defining their spaces, urban landscape, and even their functions this creates a space for continuous dialogue that encourages social interaction and contributes to creating economic attraction points that positively affects the spatial and strategic value of the urban fabric thereby transforming into an opportunity for its redevelopment and the rehabilitation of some isolated areas within, in addition to emphasizing the environmental aspect Via the creation of environmentally friendly buildings. The impact of the morphological dimension of digital architecture on the urban fabric of the city is not clear in previous studies. The aim of this research to clarify the impact of the morphological dimension of digital architecture on the strategic value of the urban fabric, it is assumed that adding digital buildings to the fabric raises their strategic value through the impact of their dimensions in the surrounding context. Additional aims are to measure the strategic value of the site and clarify the importance of selecting the sites of digital architecture in reviving parts of the urban fabric to achieve economic, social, and environmental development. The space syntax method of structural analysis is adopted with analysis conducted by adopting the extension of the Axwomen program within the GIS program to measure indicators of the strategic value of the Central Bank project in Baghdad as it is a product of digital architecture. The strategic value of the newly built Central Bank site was determined as (5.2), i.e. for its location within the nucleus of integration, as it is directly linked to the axes of the main streets and directly connected to the Jadriyha node, which has the highest strategic value of (9.34) there for the results of the study confirm the need to determine the sites for adding digital buildings within urban development processes to reactivate weak areas in a way that enhances spatial connectivity and enhances social and economic communication.
Computation of Hydraulic Performance for Ogee Spillway with Bucket type Energy Dissipater using CFD
Authors: Othman Zaid Pshtiwan , Abdulwahid Abo Abdulla , Karim Fatah Azheen , Hamza Arkan
Published: February 2025

Using a combination of mathematical and numerical models, this study gives complete assessment characteristics of flow in a typical spillway ogee-crested. A detailed comparison of water surface profiles, velocity distributions, and pressure data is essential for the investigation. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to build the model numerically by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The research verifies the correctness and dependability of the computational approach by showing a significant connection between the numerical and theoretical models across several parameters. As a result, engineers now have more alternatives for constructing and studying ogee spillways, taking advantage of the availability and computational capability of modern technologies.
A Comprehensive Literature Review of Wound Rotor Induction Motor Drive System by Rotor Impedance Variation
Authors: Abdulla Bekhal , F. Ameen Hilmi
Published: February 2025

To improve Wound Rotor Induction Motor (WRIM) drive system performance, this work offers a comprehensive literature assessment of an adjustable speed drive with a variety of control approaches of rotor impedance variation. It begins with a synopsis of the key elements of the WRIM drive system control approaches and moves on to discuss other control strategies, such as non-static impedance control, static rotor resistance control, dynamic capacitor in rotor circuits, and optimal controlling like artificial neural network, fuzzy logic control, PSO and genetic algorithms have been reviewed in this paper. It also looks at how these strategies affect motor performance, efficiency, simplicity, reliability, economically, dependability, and operational flexibility. The results highlight how important rotor impedance control is to maximizing WRIM performance and how continuous innovation is being made to make them more useful in a variety of industrial settings.
Feasibility Study and Economic Consideration of Rooftop PV System for Replacing of Diesel Generators in Erbil City
Authors: S. Ahmed Zaman , F. Ameen Hilmi
Published: February 2025

This study compares a diesel generator and a rooftop photovoltaic system for energy sustainability. The comparison is based on economics, maintenance costs, life cycle cost analysis, and environmental impact. The PV system is sized and enhanced using hourly solar radiation and load data per hour, considering the minimum energy production cost and environmental impact. The article generally discussed solar systems to replace private generators in Erbil city, in terms of cost, and comparisons were made between PV solar systems and other sources of electricity, especially local diesel generators. According to the research, the PV system is a more economical and ecologically responsible option for grid electricity generation. Because of their minimal emissions, solar hybrid systems are an affordable and environmentally friendly choice for producing power. The results of this study are useful for areas with equivalent climates and energy supplies. However, investors and policymakers may find the sensitivity analysis of economic factors useful in determining the viability of renewable hybrid systems. A trend towards renewable energy sources, especially photovoltaic technology, an emerging technology, has resulted from the growing demand for power and the depletion of natural resources.
Adaptive Resource Scaling Algorithm for Serverless Computing Applications
Authors: Ali Awla Mohammed , Azizi Sadoon , Rashidi Ayshe
Published: February 2025

Serverless computing has transformed cloud-based and event-driven applications by introducing the Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) model. This model offers key benefits, including greater abstraction from underlying infrastructure, simplified management, flexible pay-as-you-go pricing, and automatic scaling and resource optimization. However, managing resources effectively in serverless environments remains challenging due to the inherent variability and unpredictability of workload demands. This paper introduces an Adaptive Resource Scaling Algorithm (ARSA) tailored for serverless applications. ARSA leverages the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to forecast workload demands. Using these predictions alongside a strategy focused on maintaining service quality, ARSA dynamically adjusts the number of container instances needed. The goal is to optimize resource usage while minimizing the occurrence of cold starts. We validated ARSA using a real-world dataset from Microsoft Azure Functions. Our evaluation compared ARSA against fixed instance settings (one, two, and three instances) and the standard Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Auto-scaler (HPA). The results demonstrate that ARSA outperforms these baseline methods by significantly reducing number of cold starts, improving CPU utilization, decreasing memory costs, reducing the number of rejected requests, and enhancing response times. These improvements underscore ARSA’s potential in efficiently managing dynamic workloads and enhancing the performance of serverless environments.
Effect of NR-LDPC Codes on the Uplink Massive MIMO
Authors: Mahdi Salih Layla , Mahmood Al-Qaradaghi Thuraya , Rahman Othman Bzhar
Published: February 2025

Future wireless communication technologies and the current fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system will need to provide greater coverage, spectral efficiency and reliability with reduced data traffic congestion. However, in wireless communication, reaching these objectives presents difficulties. Therefore, using only massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) technology will not be sufficient to meet the continuously increasing demand, guarantee high reliability and avoid data traffic congestion. In this paper, the performance of M-MIMO system concatenated with channel coding using the low-density parity-check codes described in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technical specification TS 38.212 is investigated. The performance is evaluated and comparisons are made in terms of bit error rate (BER) as a function of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) for different linear receivers: maximal ratio combiner (MRC), zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square errors (MMSE). In addition, a comparison for the coded and uncoded M-MIMO in the uplink (UL) using these receivers are made. MMSE and ZF showed the best simulation results across all scenarios; however, MRC needed a notably greater number of antenna elements to match their performance.
Study the effect of nano vibration amplitude on the electromagnetic interaction of CMC structure
Authors: Raad Hussein Alaa , M. Ali Hajir , Luay Khaleel Anwar
Published: February 2025

Vibration is a source of energy that can be beneficial or harmful based on the application. Vibration can affect the function of any structure; however, Ceramic matrix composite (CMC) is one of these structures. Whereby less studies have been concentrated on study its function specially when electromagnetic wave (microwave) exposed on its surface to perform its designed function. To address this concept, SiC composite has been fabricated which is designed to have a transparent characteristics to microwave. External vibration had been applied on its surface to monitor how much influence could nanoscale amplitude vibration damage the microwave interaction. The source of vibration was applied from piezoelectric and the vibration was monitored via laser doppler vibrometer, while the microwave band was generated from the network analyzer at a range of 8.2 to 12.4 GHz. The results revealed that vibration can assist significantly microwave penetration inside the composite and increase the transparent characteristic of the composite. This considers important for portable ceramic composite designed to interact with electromagnetic wave (radar) which covered with such structure.
Study on the Relationship between the Corrosive Nature of Crude Oils and the Corrosion of Metals
Authors: Aluvihara Suresh , K. Premachandra Jagath , Fakhar Alam Syed
Published: February 2025

Crude oils are primarily found in the interior of the earth and consist of various compounds, including corrosive composites like sulfur compounds, salts, and organic acids, which contribute to the degradation of metals. The main focus of this study was to investigate the impact of these corrosive compounds on the corrosion of seven different types of ferrous metals. The chemical compositions of the chosen ferrous metals and the corrosive properties of two different crude oils were analyzed using recommended instruments and standard methodologies. Metal coupons of the same size were prepared from the seven types of metals, and their corrosion rates were determined using the weight loss method. Additionally, the concentrations of corroded ferrous and copper were examined, and the variations in the initial hardness of the metals were measured. The findings revealed lower corrosion rates in stainless steels, higher corrosive effects from salts, the formation of FeS and Fe2O3, corrosion-related cracks and cavities on the metal surfaces, significant decay of ferrous and copper from certain metals into the crude oils, and minor reductions in the initial hardness of the metals as a result of corrosion.
Issues of Water and Climate Change in the Kurdistan Region and Iraq. A Review Study
Authors: M. Sheikh Suleimany Jehan , Qarani Aziz Shuokr
Published: February 2025

The Climate change, vast change in land use and land cover due to infrastructure projects, rapid population growth increases water demand and in addition to improper management of surface and groundwater the water resources in Kurdistan region and Iraq has been affected the water resources. The goal of this work is to shed light on the current state of the water situation in the Kurdistan Region and Iraq and attempt to address the fundamental causes of the issue. A nation that is currently under water stress may become one that is water scarce as a result of poor management of its water resources. Water resources in the Kurdistan Region and Iraq have significantly decreased in recent years; the country faces enormous challenges due to dwindling water supplies and sharply declining water quality. According to the research, there will be fewer frost days, more frequent heat waves, and an increase in the mean annual temperature of 2 °C by 2050. In addition to a 22% average reduction in runoff and a 9% mean annual average rainfall drop by 2050. The results demonstrate that management calls for a higher water council made up of the Prime Minister, the Ministry of Water Resources, and cooperation with the Kurdistan Region authorities because solutions to utilize water resources begin there and spread to southern Iraq, the regions that pay the highest taxes due to mishandling of the water file. Concerns over water also need to be addressed globally and regionally.
The Role of Digital Technologies in The Sustainable Preventive Preservation of Heritage and Historical Sites
Authors: Hassan Hammoud Ghassan , Al-Mamoury Abdullah , Mahmoud Muhammad Younis
Published: February 2025

With the rapid technological progress witnessed in recent decades and the emergence of sustainability policies as a human response to the challenges facing our planet, the concept of preservation has acquired new dimensions. It is no longer just a mechanism for preserving and maintaining historical and heritage buildings, but has evolved into a strategy that supports sustainable preservation and contributes to extending the life and vitality of these buildings over time.
This research will address three main axes. The general scope of the study addresses historical and heritage buildings, the main challenges they face, and their preservation mechanisms. The specific scope of the study focuses on identifying preservation policies within the traditional framework and moving towards sustainable preventive preservation, highlighting the most important digital technologies used. The practical scope of the study explores the applications of preventive preservation in some historical sites, where digital technologies have been applied. The research hypothesis assumes that advances in digital technologies and their applications play a crucial role in achieving preventive preservation of heritage and historical sites as a sustainable strategy.
This includes systematic documentation of historical sites and buildings, recording and managing information, and regular monitoring processes. Through analyzing different applications, the research concluded that digital technologies are a key factor in achieving sustainable preventive conservation of heritage and urban sites.
Analysis of the regulatory framework governing the performance of pharmacies' functions with regard to socially oriented trends
Authors: Котвіцька А. А. , Волкова А. В.
Published: February 2025

In the context of martial law, the timely updating of the regulatory framework is of particular importance to ensure a timely response to changes in the population's needs for pharmaceutical care and services.
The aim of the study was to analyse the regulatory framework governing the provision of pharmaceutical care and services to the population, taking into account socially oriented trends in the functioning of pharmacies in Ukraine.
The research materials include Ukrainian legislation, information from official websites of Ukrainian state bodies and scientific articles. The methods used are analysis, synthesis, classification, grouping, descent from the abstract to the concrete, historical, content analysis, comparative, systemic, graphic methods of analysis.
The study found that the Law of Ukraine of 28.07.2022 N 2469-IX «On Medicines» for the first time defined such concepts as «pharmaceutical care» and «pharmaceutical service», which allows pharmacies to focus their activities on the implementation of socio-economic, information and communication, social and humanitarian functions.
The author notes that a number of regulations have been introduced to ensure the efficient performance of the socio-economic function of pharmacies, in particular, it is established that the mechanism of reimbursement of medicines and medical devices is used to implement medical guarantee programmes in outpatient settings; pharmacists are now legally entitled to provide vaccinations to the public, provided that the pharmacies comply with the requirements for medical practice licensing.
It should be noted that a number of sectoral regulations have been approved for the commercial and production functions of pharmacies. The results of the analysis of the amendments and additions to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 929 dated 30.11.2016 «On Approval of Licensing Conditions for Conducting Economic Activities for the Production of Medicines, Wholesale and Retail Trade in Medicines, import of medicines (except active pharmaceutical ingredients)» show that the Government's initiatives are aimed at introducing and regulating economic activities for electronic retail trade in medicines, requirements for the qualification level of personnel, conditions for free access to the Internet, and other relevant information.
It is determined that a significant part of the regulatory legal acts which should form the social profile of pharmacies through their implementation of information and communication and social and humanitarian functions are currently declarative in nature, which justifies the expediency of introducing legal and administrative measures to ensure that pharmacists provide effective, high-quality pharmaceutical care and pharmaceutical services.
Research of the domestic market of medicinal products used for diseases of the nasal cavity
Authors: Зарічна Т. П. , Брагар Н. О. , Гоцуля А. С. , Британова Т. С.
Published: February 2025

Diseases of the nasal cavity have a significant impact on overall health, as the nasal cavity is an important part of the respiratory system and performs significant functions in protecting the body. Well-known pathologies such as rhinitis, sinusitis, nasopharyngitis, and allergic rhinitis are common diseases that most people face throughout their lives.
The study of the domestic market of medicinal products used in the treatment of nasal cavity diseases is extremely relevant today. In the context of the global pandemic, various viral or bacterial diseases with a decrease in immunity against the background of the ongoing war in Ukraine, there is a spread of nasal cavity diseases.
The aim of the study has been to conduct a market research of the domestic market of medicines used in the treatment of nasal cavity diseases to meet market needs and provide the population with high-quality and affordable medicines for the treatment of nasal cavity diseases.
In the course of the study, the systematic and analytical, comparative, and mathematical and statistical methods of analysis were used, using official data from information websites.
The results of the analysis of ATC group R01 «Drugs used in diseases of the nasal cavity» showed that the current pharmaceutical market of Ukraine has 195 medicines of this type offered by 10 pharmaceutical companies from Ukraine and 41 companies from 19 countries.
An analysis of the range of nasal medicines marketed in Ukraine showed the heterogeneity of this market segment: solid, liquid and soft dosage forms, both original and generic, are available.
The study of the competitiveness of manufacturers of this group of medicinal products revealed that the greatest competition is observed among manufacturers of Xylometazoline hydrochloride, Oxymetazoline hydrochloride and Mometasone furoate. The calculation of the segment share and monopolisation ratio of the Ukrainian market showed that JSC Farmak (Ukraine) gained absolute leadership, having the highest monopolisation ratio and the highest share in the segment under study.
Epidemiological foundations of the effectiveness of HIV INFECTION pharmacotherapy
Authors: Рябоконь З. А. , Соловйов С. О.
Published: February 2025

HIV infection remains a serious issue in Ukraine, where the prevalence of the disease is 0.6% of the population, significantly exceeding the European average. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has proven effective in slowing disease progression and reducing virus transmission. Mathematical modeling is a modern tool for analyzing the impact of ART, but systematic studies on its effects in Ukraine are currently lacking.
The aim of this study was to perform epidemiological modeling of HIV infection in Ukraine and analyze the impact of ART coverage rates and various parameters of the epidemic process.
Materials. The study utilized epidemiological data on the dynamics of HIV infection and AIDS in Ukraine from 2014 to 2023. This included the number of new cases of HIV infection and AIDS, the total number of people living with HIV, mortality rates, and the number of HIV-positive individuals receiving ART during the observation period.
Methods. Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of three epidemiological groups (susceptible, HIV-infected, and individuals in the AIDS stage) was employed. Regression analysis was used to examine the dependence of model parameters on ART coverage rates. Statistical data analysis and modeling were carried out using Microsoft Excel and Python programming environments, with the use of Matplotlib and Pandas libraries.
Results. For the first time, an epidemiological model was proposed to describe the dynamics of three epidemiological population groups: those susceptible to infection, HIV-infected individuals, and individuals in the AIDS stage. The results revealed that epidemiological parameters such as the HIV transmission rate, the progression rate to the AIDS stage, and the mortality rate at the AIDS stage are functionally dependent on the proportion of HIV-positive individuals receiving ART.
Systematic epidemiological modeling demonstrated that at maximum ART coverage levels, the number of HIV-infected individuals decreased by 24.74%, and the number of patients in the AIDS stage decreased by 48.93%. This highlights the necessity of expanding access to pharmacotherapy, determining the most effective treatment regimens, and lays the groundwork for further pharmacoeconomic analysis.
Experimental study of the pharmacological activity of the developed solid soap for the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Гончаров І. В. , Боднар Л. А. , Литкін Д. В. , Вишневська Л. І.
Published: February 2025

Given the relevance of creating new products in the form of solid soaps from natural ingredients for the treatment of psoriasis, we chose this area for our own research. Based on the results of preliminary studies, we developed the composition and technology of solid soaps based on palm kernel, coconut, avocado, almond, olive, castor oils with the addition of pomegranate seed oil, as well as citric and salicylic or lactobionic acids. The next step is to study the pharmacological activity, which will confirm or refute the feasibility of using the developed soaps for the treatment (in complex therapy) and/or prevention of psoriasis exacerbations.
The aim was to study the pharmacological activity of solid soap for use in the complex therapy of psoriasis.
The psoriasis model was reproduced by applying 5% Imiquimod cream to the propylated back of animals (white rats aged 3–4 months). The intensity of inflammation, as well as the activity of the test samples, was assessed by the thickness of the skin fold (mm). The degree of skin lesion intensity was assessed in points from 0 to 4. On the 11th day of the experiment, the animals were administered the tested samples of solid soap at a dose of 25 mg/kg. The treatment period lasted 5 days.
The application of the studied samples reduced the manifestations of local skin inflammation in rats with model psoriasis. A gradual decrease in both edema of adjacent tissues and the intensity of skin inflammation was observed, which was more pronounced when using the sample containing citric and salicylic acids (skin fold thickness 3.4 ± 0.1 mm (initial data 4.0 ± 0.1 mm), inflammation intensity 0 points (initial data 4.0 points).
On the model of skin inflammation in rats caused by the application of 5% Imiquimod cream, it was found that the sample, which contains salicylic and citric acids as active pharmaceutical ingredients, has an advantage in pharmacological activity compared to other samples under study.
It was found that the sample containing salicylic and citric acids as active pharmaceutical ingredients has an advantage in pharmacological activity compared to other samples (skin fold thickness 3.4 mm (initial data 4.0 mm), inflammation intensity 0 points (initial data 4.0 points).
Top Ten Challenges Towards Agentic Neural Graph Databases
Authors: Bai Jiaxin , Wang Zihao , Zhou Yukun , Yin Hang , Fei Weizhi , Hu Qi , Deng Zheye , Cheng Jiayang , Zheng Tianshi , Tsang Hong Ting , Gao Yisen , Xie Zhongwei , Li Yufei , Fan Lixin , Yuan Binhang , Wang Wei , Chen Lei , Zhou Xiaofang , Song Yangqiu
Published: February 2025

Graph databases (GDBs) like Neo4j and TigerGraph excel at handling interconnected data but lack advanced inference capabilities. Neural Graph Databases (NGDBs) address this by integrating Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for predictive analysis and reasoning over incomplete or noisy data. However, NGDBs rely on predefined queries and lack autonomy and adaptability. This paper introduces Agentic Neural Graph Databases (Agentic NGDBs), which extend NGDBs with three core functionalities: autonomous query construction, neural query execution, and continuous learning. We identify ten key challenges in realizing Agentic NGDBs: semantic unit representation, abductive reasoning, scalable query execution, and integration with foundation models like large language models (LLMs). By addressing these challenges, Agentic NGDBs can enable intelligent, self-improving systems for modern data-driven applications, paving the way for adaptable and autonomous data management solutions.
Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of crude polysaccharides and polyphenols from passion fruit peels
Authors:   Department of Food Technology, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Le Minh K.Q ,   Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Le Ngoc Lieu ,   Department of Food Technology, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This study aimed to optimize the conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction to simultaneously obtain the highest yields of polysaccharides and polyphenols from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) peels.

Methods: Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology were employed for the optimization. The factors and their levels studied in BBD included a solvent-to-solid ratio (X1) of 30-70 mL/g, an ultrasonic temperature (X2) of 40-70°C and an ultrasonic duration (X3) of 40-70 min.

Results: The results revealed that the optimal conditions were an X1 of 53.9 mL/g, an X2 of 57.6°C, and an X3 of 57.0 min. Under these optimized conditions, the predicted yields of polysaccharides and polyphenols were 36.46% and 48.35 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, respectively. The experimental data, which were 35.76 ± 1.54% and 47.51 ± 1.77 mg GAE/g, respectively, agreed well with the predicted data and hence validated the good fit of the models.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the ultrasound-assisted extraction method could be effective and ecologically benign for extracting bioactive compounds and natural ingredients from agricultural sources.
The Mantle of Roger II: Arab-Islamic Cultural Legacy in Sicily since the 9th Century
Authors:   United European Research Society, YANG JUNGA
Published: February 2025

This study explores the Islamic cultural heritage of Sicily, with a particular focus on the coronation mantle of Roger II as a symbol of cultural hybridization and coexistence in 12th-century Sicily. From 827 to 1246, Arab-Islamic culture significantly influenced the island, both directly and indirectly. During this period, Arab Muslims made notable contributions to various domains, including art, architecture, agriculture, and cuisine, shaping the cultural landscape of Sicily under the Norman dynasty. Roger II's coronation mantle exemplifies the fusion of Arab, Norman, and Byzantine elements, serving as a tangible representation of the cultural diversity, integration, and coexistence that characterized the era. This study examines the introduction and expansion of Islam in Sicily from the 8th to the 11th centuries and its enduring influence during the Norman Kingdom from the 11th to the 13th centuries. Through an analysis of Roger II's coronation mantle, it highlights specific instances of cultural hybridization across different spheres.This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the 400-year history of Islam in Sicily, tracing its legacy from the 9th century and offering insights into its profound and lasting impact on the island’s cultural and historical development.
Unsuccessful European Integration of Napoleon I : Contradictions in Universal Empire and Federalization
Authors:   United European Research Society, LIM Taehun
Published: February 2025

Napoleon I implemented his own European integration to establish an United States of liberal Europe. But that was finally unsuccessful because of its contradictions in Universal Empire and Federalization. As a successor of universal empire, Napoleon I consolidated the unilateral hegemony of France, restored the hereditary imperial dictatorship and installed his dynastic branches inside his empire. As a leader of the federalization of modern Europe, Napoleon I liquidated the supranational authority of the pope and tried to construct an exclusive economic space on a continental scale through the Continental System. At the same time, he improved the geopolitical balkanization of Europe by the foundation of the Rhine Confederation and the Kingdom of Italy. These contradictions inside Napoleon I’s European integration were inevitable, knowing that he and his empire existed in a transition period distinguishing the Ancien Régime and modern Europe. Although the European integration of Napoleon I failed, but that contributed to enhance the conscience of an united Europe and an European sovereignty. Furthermore, that still remains as a important legacy and gives meaningful lessons for the success of the present European integration.
The Monument of the Four Moors and the Muslim Slaves of Livorno: From a Symbol of Freedom and Tolerance to a ‘Disgusting’ Monument
Authors:   United European Research Society, Lim Donghyun
Published: February 2025

The Monument of the Four Moors, a landmark in the port city of Livorno, was commissioned by Grand Duke Ferdinando I of Tuscany to commemorate the victories of the Order of Saint Stephen over Mediterranean corsairs. This study attempts to analyze the shift in the perception of this monument from its creation in the 17th century to the present day within the broader context of changing attitudes towards the Mediterranean Sea slave trade, reviewing travel accounts of those who visited Livorno between the 17th and 19th centuries as well as historical research conducted since the 20th century. This shift in perception not only reflects the socioeconomic significance of the Mediterranean slave trade in European modern history and the cultural importance of interactions between the Islamic and Christian worlds but also aligns with the transition to modern civil society and the current emphasis on universal human rights.
The Founding of the Hospitaller and Service Activities: Focused on the Hospitals and the Social Welfare
Authors:   United European Research Society, Lee Young-Jae
Published: February 2025

The Hospital of St. John of the Hospitaller began in the 1070s in Jerusalem. Gerard, the ruler of the Hospital at the time of the First Crusade(1095-99), was commemorated as a venerable and pious man who cared for poor pilgrims. The first statutes of the Jerusalem brotherhood, the Rule of Raymond du Puy, were influenced by the regula of other Augustinian houses. In the Statutes of Roger des Moulins(1182) it offered the services of doctors and surgeons, a specific diet, and the medicines available to medieval physicians.
From Paris these regulations spread to other cities of northern France, bringing with them the hospital discipline oi the Knights of Saint John. In Germany, too, the late twelfth century marks a dramatic change in the orientation of hospices.
The Hospital of the Knights in Jerusalem was a great edifice whose very size and whose location among the holy places helped to fire the religious sensibilities of Western Europeans. The Hospital admitted the poor, whatever their illness except leprosy, nationality, sex, or religion. The Hospitallers also became responsible for the burial not only of their patients but also of other visitors to Jerusalem.
The Hospitallers had another function in the provision of board and lodging, death-care facilities and posthumous prayer to single persons or couples, secular people who purchased or contracted for various forms of life pension or annuity. By the end of the thirteenth century the responsibility for providing health care in Brussels was a concern not only of the nobility and the church but also of the everyday inhabitants of Brussels.
Algorithmic Trading in Forex Markets: The Impact of AI-Driven Strategies on Liquidity and Market Efficiency
Authors: Ganesh Marimuthu
Published: February 2025

This comprehensive article examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies on the foreign exchange market. The article explores how AI-driven systems have revolutionized trading strategies, order execution mechanisms, and liquidity provision in forex markets. The article encompasses the evolution of market microstructure, the emergence of non-bank liquidity providers, and the challenges posed by market fragmentation. The article explores the application of advanced technologies including deep neural networks, natural language processing, and reinforcement learning in forex trading, while also addressing the regulatory considerations and risk management protocols that have evolved alongside these technological advancements. Furthermore, the article evaluates the implications of these developments for market efficiency, price discovery, and systemic stability, providing insights into the future trajectory of forex markets as quantum computing and advanced AI integration continue to reshape the trading landscape.
The Evolution of Bluetooth: A Deep Dive
Authors: Subhagato Dutta
Published: February 2025

The evolution of Bluetooth technology represents a significant milestone in wireless communication, transforming from its initial incarnation as a basic short-range protocol to a sophisticated communication standard supporting diverse applications. This comprehensive article traces Bluetooth's development through multiple generations, examining the technological advancements that have shaped its capabilities. It explores the progression from basic frequency-hopping spread spectrum implementation to advanced features including Enhanced Data Rate, Adaptive Frequency Hopping, and Low Energy protocols. Key developments in mesh networking, power efficiency, and connection management are analyzed, along with their impact on device interoperability and network performance. The article also investigates Bluetooth's position within the broader wireless technology landscape, including its relationship with complementary and competing standards such as Ultra-Wideband and NFC. Through a detailed examination of implementation challenges, performance metrics, and technological innovations, this article provides insight into Bluetooth's evolution from simple point-to-point connections to its current role as a cornerstone of modern wireless communication, particularly in IoT applications and complex network environments.