bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative CD and fluorescence study of a series of model calcium-binding peptides.
Authors: Goch G , Kozłowska H , Wójtowicz A , Bierzyński A
Published: December 2019

Lanthanide-saturated peptides analogous to calcium-binding loops of EF-hand proteins can be used to stabilize the alpha-helical structure of peptide or protein segments attached to their C-termini. To study conformational properties of such loop-containing hybrids it is necessary to produce them in bacteria. In peptides obtained in this way the helix will be destabilized by the negatively charged C-terminal alpha-carboxyl groups. We propose to block them by the homoserine lactone. The results presented in this paper indicate that the presence of the lactone even at the C-terminus of the loop does not have any negative effect on the loop helix-nucleation ability. On the other hand, the presence of the alpha-NH3+ at the loop N-terminus leads to a drop of metal-binding constant and loss of the rigid structure of the alpha-helical segment of the loop. The alpha-amino group separated by one glycine residue from the loop N-terminus should also be avoided because it perturbs the conformation of the N-terminal part of the loop and may reduce the loop affinity to lanthanide ions.
Isoenzymes of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase.
Authors: Zwierz K , Zalewska A , Zoch-Zwierz A
Published: December 2019

Biological significance, structure and posttranslational processing of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase isoenzymes are described. Clinical application of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase is also reviewed.
Ras protein of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum is farnesylated in vitro.
Authors: Talarczyk E , Hung V S , Kozlowski P , Trzcinska-Danielewicz J , Swiezewska E
Published: December 2019

Physarum Ppras1 protein was efficiently prenylated by prenyltransferases of spinach. Surprisingly in spite of the C-terminal sequence (CLLL) specific for geranylgeranylation the protein was preferentially farnesylated. Consequences of this observation are discussed.
An isotopic assay of dUTPase activity based on coupling with thymidylate synthase.
Authors: Gołos B , Rode W
Published: December 2019

A new rapid, sensitive and convenient procedure is presented allowing determination of dUTPase activity. With [5-(3)H]dUTP used as the substrate, dUTPase, converts it to the corresponding monophosphate and is coupled with thymidylate synthase-catalyzed reaction, resulting in tritium release from [5-(3)H]dUMP. Following charcoal absorption of the labeled nuleotides, radioactivity of tritiated water is determined. The new assay was tested to show comparable results with a previously described assay, based on measuring dUTPase-catalyzed [5-(3)H]dUMP production.
Inhibitory effects of pentamidine analogues on protein biosynthesis in vitro.
Authors: Bielawski K , Galicka A , Bielawska A , Sredzińska K
Published: December 2019

Pentamidine despite its rather high toxicity, is currently in clinical use. For development of new drugs of this type it is important to know the mechanism of their action. Two new amidines (I and II) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were found in preliminary experiments to inhibit protein synthesis in vitro in the cell-free rat liver system. The three compounds differed in the precise mode of action. The inhibitory effect of I on the activity of the eukaryotic elongation factor eEF-2 and ribosomes seems to suggest that the binding site of eEF-2 on the ribosome was blocked by this compound. eEF-2 has been identified as the primary target of II and eEF-1 as the primary target of DAPI in the system studied.
c-myc oncogene gene dosage, serum CEA and CA-15.3 antigen levels, and cellular DNA values in relation to ex vivo chemosensitivity of primary human breast cancer.
Authors: Falkiewicz B , Schlotter C M , Bosse U , Bielawski K , Vogt U
Published: December 2019

A pilot study on relationships of selected molecular factors (c-myc oncogene average gene copy numbers (AGCN); serum CEA and CA 15.3 antigen levels; tumor cells' DNA values), to the ex vivo chemosensitivity of primary female human breast cancer in a modified adenosine triphosphate cell viability chemosensitivity assay (ATP-CVA), was performed. Four drug combinations were tested. A group of 75 cases of female primary breast cancer was assessed. Numerous correlations were found among molecular factors tested but none, with the exception of tumor grading, of these reflected ex vivo chemosensitivity of tumors tested. The results suggest that the parameters tested may not be important factors related to adjuvant chemoresponsiveness of primary human breast cancer to tested drug combinations.
Relationship of c-myc and erbB oncogene family gene aberrations and other selected factors to ex vivo chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer in the modified ATP-chemosensitivity assay.
Authors: Vogt U , Falkiewicz B , Bielawski K , Bosse U , Schlotter C M
Published: December 2019

A pilot study on relationships of selected molecular factors [erbB-1, erbB-2, erbB-3, and c-myc oncogene average gene copy numbers (AGCN); steroid receptors and pS2 gene expression; tumor cells' DNA values] to the ex vivo chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer in a modified adenosine triphosphate cell viability chemosensitivity assay (ATP-CVA), was performed. Despite the relatively small number of patients, numerous correlations among the factors tested were found. Nevertheless, only c-myc gene dosage positively affected ex vivo chemosensitivity of tumors tested.
Suppressors of translation initiation defect in hem12 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Authors: Góra M , Pluta K , Chelstowska A , Zoładek T
Published: December 2019

A system for the positive selection of transational initiation suppressors in S. cerevisiae has been developed. A mutant with an ATA initiation codon in the HEM12 gene, encoding uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, was used to select cis- and trans-acting suppressors. These suppressors partially restore growth on nonfermentable carbon sources, such as glycerol, but still allow the accumulation of porphyrins. All extragenic suppressors are mapped to the SUI1 locus, encoding initiation factor eIF1. The effect of the hem12 mutation is also partially reversed by the known SUI3 suppressor encoding the beta subunit of eIF2. In contrast, the sui2 suppressor encoding the a subunit of eIF2 does not affect the hem12 phenotype. The intragenic suppressors are able to restore the translation of hem12 due to the generation of additional, in frame AUG codons upstream of the hem12-14 mutation. Mutational analysis of the HEM12 leader sequence was also performed to determine the role of small open reading frames (uORFs) present upstream of the HEM12 ORF. Studies on the expression of integrated hem12-1/4-lacZ fusion, devoid of all upstream ATGs, indicate a lack of regulatory effect of uORFs on HEM12 translation.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene 4G/5G promoter polymorphism is not associated with breast cancer.
Authors: Błasiak J , Smolarz B
Published: December 2019

The antigen content of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in primary breast cancer tissue extracts may be of strong prognostic value: high levels of PAI-1 in tumors predict poor prognosis for patients. The gene encoding PAI-1 is highly polymorphic and an insertion (5G)/deletion (4G) polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene promoter (the 4G/5G polymorphism), may have functional significance in PAI-1 expression. In the present work the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of the 4G/5G polymorphism in subjects with breast cancer were investigated. Tumor tissues were obtained from 100 postmenopausal women with node-negative and node-positive ductal breast carcinoma with uniform tumor size. Blood samples from age matched healthy women served as control. The 4G/5G polymorphism was determined by PCR amplification using the allele specific primers. The distribution of the genotypes of the 4G/5G polymorphism in both control and patients did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. There were no differences in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between node-positive and node-negative patients. The 4G/5G polymorphism may not be linked with elevated level of PAI-1 observed in breast cancer and therefore may not be associated with appearance and/or progression of breast cancer.
Reactive oxygen species as second messengers? Induction of the expression of yeast catalase T gene by heat and hyperosmotic stress does not require oxygen.
Authors: Krawiec Z , Biliński T , Schüller C , Ruis H
Published: December 2019

It is shown that oxygen is not absolutely needed for stress-induced synthesis of catalase T in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells develop heat resistance after exposure to elevated temperatures in anoxia. The levels of catalase activity and thermotolerance are comparable to those in aerobically stressed cells. While these results obviously do not exclude a stress signaling role of reactive oxygen species in some systems, as postulated by other authors, they suggest that the question of the obligatory requirement for reactive oxygen species in other stress signaling systems should be rigorously re-investigated.
Cloning, expression, and crystallization of Cpn60 proteins from Thermococcus litoralis.
Authors: Osipiuk J , Sriram M , Mai X , Adams M W , Joachimiak A
Published: December 2019

Two genes of the extreme thermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis homologous to those that code for Cpn60 chaperonins were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Each of the Cpn60 subunits as well as the entire Cpn60 complex crystallize in a variety of morphological forms. The best crystals diffract to 3.6 A resolution at room temperature and belong to the space group 1422 with unit cell parameters a = b = 193.5 A, c = 204.2 A.
Strategie komunikacyjne jako sposób na skuteczne komunikowanie się mimo niedostatków językowych
Authors: Wojtczak Edyta
Published: December 2019

Autorka omówiła pojęcie strategii komunikacyjnych oraz dwa najpopularniejsze podejścia badawcze: interakcyjne i socjolingwistyczne. Przedstawiła działania strategiczne uczących się języka polskiego jako obcego, które pojawiały się podczas zajęć odbywających się w Studium Języka Polskiego dla Cudzoziemców Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego zarówno w trakcie obserwacji lekcji, jak i podczas prowadzonych przez autorkę zajęć. Wśród omówionych strategii znalazły się: strategie osiągnięć (parafraza, porównywanie, uproszczenie, stosowanie synonimów, tworzenie neologizmów oraz przełączanie kodu językowego), prośba o pomoc, użycie środków niewerbalnych oraz strategie uniku. Autorka omówiła również przykłady negocjowania znaczeń oraz wykorzystywanie nowoczesnych technologii, jako narzędzia pomocnego przy stosowaniu strategii komunikacyjnych.
Technologie cyfrowe w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego
Authors: Laskowska Jolanta
Published: December 2019

W dziedzinie edukacji rozpoczął się proces implementacji technologii informacyjnej. Nowe technologie urozmaicają proces dydaktyczny i podnoszą motywację osób uczących się. Niosą też ze sobą pewne zagrożenia. Artykuł omawia możliwości zastosowania nowych mediów w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego.
O kształtowaniu kompetencji genologicznej w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego
Authors: Grochala Beata
Published: December 2019

W artykule zaprezentowano zagadnienia teoretyczne dotyczące kompetencji genologicznej jako takiej, a także w odniesieniu do nauczania języków obcych w ogóle, a zwłaszcza języka polskiego jako obcego. Przedstawiono również praktyczne aspekty związane przede wszystkim z nauczaniem odmian specjalistycznych, w obrębie których wykształciły się specyficzne gatunki.
Język odziedziczony a dwujęzyczność – o konieczności badań komparatywnych
Authors: Lipińska Ewa , Seretny Anna
Published: December 2019

Przeobrażenia społeczno-ekonomiczne towarzyszące globalizacji sprawiły, że biografie językowe oraz przeszłość edukacyjna polskich dzieci stały się bardziej złożone. Obserwacje i prace badawcze pokazują, że znaczna część uczniów jest dwujęzyczna, zazwyczaj stosunkowo szybko przyswajają bowiem język kraju zamieszkania, zachowując lub poznając jednocześnie polszczyznę. Stopień jej znajomości może być jednak dość zróżnicowany ze względu na brak możliwości stałego i bezpośredniego z nią kontaktu. W rezultacie większą część młodych ludzi o polskich korzeniach cechuje dwujęzyczność naturalna, znacznie rzadziej natomiast ich udziałem jest dwujęzyczność kognitywna. W niniejszym artykule zjawisko dwujęzyczności będziemy rozważać na płaszczyźnie glottodydaktycznej. Zwrócimy również uwagę na konieczność badań komparatywnych kompetencji lingwistycznych osób bilingwalnych. Poszerzyłyby one naszą wiedzę o dwujęzyczności, w szczególności zaś o rzadko badanej – kognitywnej. Przyniosłyby również pełniejszą charakterystykę JOD jako fenomenu plasującego się językiem ojczystym a obcym, a ich wyniki znalazły zastosowanie nie tylko w glottodydaktyce, czy socjo- i psycholingwistyce, lecz także w edukacji.
Crimes de racismo analisados nos tribunais brasileiros: o que as características das partes e os interesses corporativos da magistratura podem dizer sobre o resultado desses processos
Authors: Costa Cleber Lazaro Julião
Published: December 2019

Este texto faz um estudo do papel de elementos não jurídicos em benefício dos réus acusados de discriminação racial nas Cortes brasileiras. Este estudo foca na análise de 97 decisões penais de Cortes brasileiras. Recentemente, a democracia brasileira testemunhou importantes mudanças, tais como a criminalização da discriminação e do racismo. Estas mudanças são resultado da luta realizada pelo Movimento Negro na busca de direitos civis em mais de três décadas, apesar de a sociedade brasileira historicamente negar a existência de discriminação contra a população negra. O início dos processos raciais permitiu a possibilidade de pesquisas interessadas em verificar se as vítimas de racismo tinham boas chances de vitória ou se elas não tinham sucesso em seus casos. Da análise desses processos, verificou-se que os atos discriminatórios contra vítimas negras não eram considerados racismo (crime inafiançável e contra toda a humanidade) e sim crime de injúria, tipo penal que não reúne as mesmas características da previsão constitucional, por outro lado, quando eram praticados contra judeus tinham o tratamento do tipo penal previsto na Constituição de 1988. Esta constatação gerou a inquietação se a análise de elementos sensíveis ao social, como raça/cor e ocupação poderiam ajudar na tentativa de explicar a diferença de vitórias entre vítimas e réus. Também se os juízes eram orientados por algum interesse, como mais trabalho ou menos trabalho, se optassem por condenar ou absolver. Para o desenvolvimento deste texto, a pesquisa dirigiu atenção às decisões judiciais, buscando construir padrões explicativos sobre as posições dos juízes sobre racismo e quais recursos usam para fundamentar as suas decisões.
Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi veri tabanındaki kolorektal kanserli olguların epidemiyolojik ve genel sağ kalım özellikleri
Authors: ÜNAL Nalan Gülşen , COŞGUN Gizem , KORKUT Mustafa , ÖZÜTEMİZ Ahmet Ömer , DOĞANAVŞARGİL Başak , ÇAKAR Burcu , ÖZKÖK Serdar , YALMAN Deniz , SERT Fatma , SEZAK Murat , YOLDAŞ Tayfun , ÇALIŞKAN Cemil , AKGÜN Zekeriya Erhan , OSMANOĞLU Halit , HAYDAROĞLU Ayfer
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Kolorektal kanser (KRK) epidemiyolojisi ve genel sağ kalım (GSK) özelliklerinin

araştırılmasıdır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Ege Üniversitesi Kanserle Savaş Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezine (EÜKAM)

1992-2017 yıllarında kayıtlı Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi kanser verileri retrospektif olarak

taranmıştır. CANREG özel bilgisayar programına kayıtlı veriler, WHO ve SEER sistemlerinde

gruplanarak analizler yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde Ki-kare, General Linear Model (GLM),

Kaplan-Meier sağ kalım analizleri kullanılmıştır. Yerel etik kurul onayı alınmıştır.

Bulgular: Toplam 117.139 kanser olgusunun 7.285’i (%6,2) KRK’dir. KRK sıklığı, tüm olgular içinde

yedinci sırada saptanmıştır. Olguların 4.330’u (%59) erkektir. Rektum yerleşimi, %38,4 olguda

saptanmış olup, en sık lokalizasyondur. KRK yaşla artmaktadır; 60 yaş ve üzerinde her iki cinsiyette

de anlamlı artış saptanmıştır (p=0,022); cinsiyetler arası fark anlamlı değildir (p=0,299). KRK’de yıllara

göre doğrusal artış toplamda anlamlıdır (GLM: F=12,349; p
Peran Politik Perempuan dalam Persfektif Gender
Authors: Wahyudi Very
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data kepustakaan, dan kemudian bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang bagaimana peran politik perempuan dalam dinamika perpolitikan Indonesia selama ini. Kemudian pembahan berawal dari budaya patriarki yang dominan dalam realitas masyarakat bahkan negara, mengakibatkan tidak mudah mengubah pandangan bahwa politik adalah wilayah publik yang penting dan bisa dimasuki oleh perempuan. Akibat selanjutnya, jumlah perempuan berpotensi di bidang ini masih sedikit untuk mampu berkompetisi dengan para laki-laki yang selama ini dikonstruksikan untuk lebih maju daripada perempuan. Animo perempuan untuk memasuki wilayah publik ini memang sudah meningkat, tetapi prosentasenya masih rendah walau sudah dijamin oleh ketentuan undang-undang.
PENERAPAN KONSEP GOOD GOVERNANCE DALAM REKRUTMEN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PNS DI PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH
Authors: Agus Agus
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini menelisik tiga permasalahan; kondisi pegawai negeri sipil (PNS), rekrutmen dan pengembangan PNS, serta permasalahan dan solusi kebijakan praktek good governance dalam rekrutmen dan pengembangan PNS. Loksai studi di Pemerintah Daerah Lombok Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, terjadi surplus (kelebihan) jumlah PNS yang menduduki jabatan pada Eselon III sebanyak 4.241 orang dan eselon II sebanyak 73 orang. Implikasinya terjadi persaingan tidak sehat untuk mendapatkan jabatan struktural, kondisi ini mengganggu kesehatan organisasi birokrasi. Rekrutmen PNS berpedoman pada Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 98 tahun 2000 yang mengkosntruksikan enam tahapan pekerjaan; perencanaan, pengumuman, pelamaran, penyaringan, pengangkatan CPNS sampai dengan pengangkatan menjadi PNS. Praktek kebijakan pengembangan PNS melahirkan tiga kondisi; tumbuhnya praktek spoils system, tidak murninya penggunaan hasil kerja Baperjakat yang menyebabkanterganggunya independensi kerja Baperjakat. Praktek good governance dalam rekrutmen PNS telah mempraktekkan aspek-aspek efisiensi, transparansi, dan kesetaraan, tetapi belum terlihat pada aspek pengembangan. Berdasarkan kondisi di atas, penelitian ini menawarkan solusi kebijakan kepada pemerintah daerah.
Politik Hukum Tax Amnesty Dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Nasional
Authors: Hasibuan Ricky R.
Published: December 2019

Program Tax Amnesty yang diterbitkan melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengampuanan Pajak merupakan kebijakan besar yang menerobos konsep hukum yaitu “setiap kesalahan harus mendapat hukuman” namun tax amnesty memberikan pengampunan bagi para pengemplang pajak dengan syarat membayar sejumlah denda. Dalam politik hukum Undang-undang Tax Amnesty ini tujuan kemanfaatan menjadi faktor yang paling diutamakan untuk mengumpulkan dana secara instan dalam rangka membiayai negara. Tax amnesty ini lahir karena rasio prediksi realisasi penerimaan pajak terlalu jauh jaraknya sehingga biaya dalam pembangunan nasional tidak tercover oleh pemasukan pajak yang ada. Sebagai upaya untuk menarik dana secara cepat serta dapat menjaring wajib pajak baru, maka program Tax Amnesty sebagai solusi dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan pendapatan nasional.
Avaliação da eficiência de remoção de matéria orgânica em efluente sanitário em função da idade do lodo de reator UASB: um estudo de caso
Authors: Neves Ana Paula Nogueira das , Ferreira Dennis da Silva , Castro Douglas Azevedo , Cavallini Grasiele Soares
Published: December 2019

No Brasil, um dos processos de tratamento biológico de efluentes sanitários mais utilizados é o reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente e manta de lodo do tipo UASB (em inglês, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket), devido as suas características operacionais compatíveis com o clima predominante e os custos relativamente baixos de manutenção. O presente trabalho avaliou o desempenho do reator UASB de uma Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) localizada na região sul do estado do Tocantins quanto à remoção de matéria orgânica em função da idade do lodo. Caracterizou-se as amostras em relação aos parâmetros físico-químicos: pH, turbidez, sólidos totais e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO). O monitoramento do reator ocorreu ao longo de 4 meses, e as amostras foram coletadas mensalmente nesse período, tanto no afluente como no afluente do reator. A eficiência de remoção da matéria orgânica pelo reator UASB variou entre 52,5 e 93,0%, e o maior valor foi observado apenas no quarto mês de coleta, o que indica que para idades de lodo inferiores o processo pode não ser eficiente. O pH do afluente e efluente apresentaram valores semelhantes, próximo da neutralidade e adequados para o processo anaeróbio. A remoção de sólidos totais manteve-se entre 50 e 60%, enquanto a remoção de turbidez variou entre 70 e 80%, o que demonstra que as condições físico-químicas do afluente foram adequadas ao processo de tratamento anaeróbio. A cinética de degradação da matéria orgânica pelo reator pôde ser representada por um modelo de primeira ordem, no entanto, foi melhor representado pela equação DBO = - 0,0013.t^3 + 0,2786.t^2- 18,801.t + 625,55.
Avaliação da inflamabilidade de seis espécies nativas na região sul do Tocantins
Authors: Ramos Yasmim Andrade , Da Silva Allan Deyvid Pereira , Oliveira Rayna Régina Alves de , Fortes Rodrigo Araújo , Da Silva Francisca de Cássia Silva , Batista Antônio Carlos , Giongo Marcos , Coelho Maria Cristina Bueno
Published: December 2019

A vegetação lenhosa do Cerrado apresenta propriedades adaptativas ao fogo. As queimadas durante a estação seca podem ocasionar em mudanças significativas na estrutura e composição florística da vegetação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a inflamabilidade de seis espécies nativas de um fragmento de Cerrado, localizado no sul do Tocantins. Foram coletadas amostras compostas de materiais finos das espécies selecionadas, com diâmetro inferior a 7 mm, excluindo folhas jovens e gemas apicais. Para cada espécie, realizou-se 50 repetições, sendo analisados: frequência de ignição, tempo para ignição, duração da combustão, índice de combustão, além da determinação do valor de inflamabilidade. Dentre as espécies avaliadas, Curatella americana L., Clethra scabra Pers. e Anacardium occidentale L. obtiveram valores significativos com destaque para Clethra scabra Pers. que obteve os maiores valores médios das variáveis de inflamabilidade. Observamos também que a maioria das espécies tiveram um índice de combustão classificados como muito alto (IC = 4 e IC = 5). Com este estudo podemos concluir que a maioria das espécies são inflamáveis, sendo que Clethra scabra Pers. foi a espécie que apresentou o melhor resultado das variáveis de inflamabilidade sendo classificada como altamente inflamável. Por outro lado, Macrolobium limbatum Spruce ex Benth. var. limbatum e Ziziphus cinnamomum Triana & Planch. foram as espécies que obtiveram os menores resultados sendo classificadas como fracamente inflamáveis.
Bio-Universe Model
Authors: Sorli Amrit Srecko , Čelan Štefan
Published: December 2019

The Big Bang model is based on vague interpretations of experimental data. Direct interpretation of the data opens a new vision of the universe in a permanent dynamic equilibrium without beginning and without end. In the universe as the main system, the evolution of life on planet Earth is a consistent part of the universal process that operates in the entire universe. The origin of life as a consistent part of universal dynamics is in higher dimensions of the multidimensional dynamic quantum vacuum.
The Orientalism of Arabs in Larry Charles Film’s The Dictator
Authors: Brammastian Iyank Zona
Published: December 2019

This article aims to portray the Orientalism of Arabs in Larry Charles’s film The Dictator (2012). The research applies Edward Said’s Orientalism to define the Western perspective in representing the awful images of Arabs in the film. It also deploys post-colonial discourse and comedy film theory in defining the distorted images of Arabs which often represented not as its natural form in this comedy genre film. As the result – throughout many Western and Orientalist creations – Arabs are depicted as bomber, barbaric and lustful.
PENGARUH AIR LAUT PADA MASA PERAWATAN TERHADAP INFILTRASI ION KLORIDA PADA BETON DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SEMEN PORTLAND TIPE V
Authors: Arifatunurrillah Aldilla , Saputra Ashar , Sulistyo Djoko
Published: December 2019

Struktur beton biasa memiliki tingkat resiko kerusakan yang tinggi pada daerah agresif dan lingkungan yang  terbuka. Bangunan-bangunan pelabuhan, dermaga, struktur lepas pantai dan bangunan air laut lainnya tidak lepas dari pengaruh lingkungan agresif yang mengandung garam sulfat, klorida, asam sulfat, dan zat lainnya yang bersifat agresif. Salah satu teknologi aplikatif dan mudah diperoleh dalam pencegahan dampak serangan sulfat adalah penggunaan semen Portland tipe V, oleh karenanya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh air laut pada masa perawatan dengan variasi umur 28, 60, dan 90 hari terhadap kedalaman infiltrasi ion klorida yang terjadi pada beton dengan penggunaan semen Portland tipe V. Pengujian kedalaman infiltrasi ion klorida dilakukan dengan menyemprotkan larutan perak nitrat (AgNO3) 0,1mol/L pada beton yang dibelah sesuai umur perawatan yang ditentukan dengan dimensi beton 15x15x15 cm. Laju infiltrasi ion klorida beton dengan perawatan air laut terjadi pada kedalaman antara 0-1,4 cm hingga umur perawatan 90 hari. Dengan penggunaan semen Portland tipe V laju infiltrasi ion klorida lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan penggunaan semen Portland tipe I pada masing-masing variasi umur perendamannya.
Students’ Strategic Thinking Ability Enhancement in Applying Scratch for Arduino of Block Programming in Computational Physics Lecture
Authors: Pratiwi Umi , Nanto Dwi
Published: December 2019

As newbie programmers, university students are not accustomed to computer coding. It difficult to solve programming problems especially related to physics phenomena. They need strategic thinking ability to solve problems. Therefore, computational physics subject/lesson applies learning of Scratch for Arduino on block programming in order to enhance students' strategic thinking. This attempt is examined by a study using a quasi-experimental method pre-experimental design approach which is one group pretest-posttest design using third-year physics education students 2018/2019 as the sample. The result shows that students happened to increase their strategic thinking up to 11.7%, particularly on the ability to prove the chosen solution it is appropriate to students' problems in finishing projects categorized as “very good.” It enables them to finish simple physics cases by using Arduino programming and improve their coding ability significantly.
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CeO2 AND Nd2O3 NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Yuliani Hanif , Mayasari Rina Dewi , Kalembang Eryanti , Deni Yelvia , Santi Defi Rahma , Pangestika Putri Widya , Purwanto Setyo , Sugeng Bambang , Suyanti Suyanti , Setyadji Moch.
Published: December 2019

Cerium oxide (CeO2) and Neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) nanoparticles using local content have been synthesized by precipitation method. The CeO2 and Nd2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to analyze the material phase and structure. The XRD spectrum shows that CeO2 and Nd2O3 nanoparticles have face-centered cubic and hexagonal, and cubic, respectively. The anti-microbial activity of CeO2 and Nd2O3 nanoparticles was analyzed by diffusion method using gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa), and gram-positive bacteria (S. entericatyphi, L. monocyogenes), and fungus (C. albicans). The result confirms that CeO2 and Nd2O3 nanoparticles have the capability of microbial pathogen inhibition. The CeO2 nanoparticles have the effective activities of inhibition for the microbial of S. aureus and S. entericatyphi, whereas Nd2O3 nanoparticles can inhibit the microbial of P. aeruginosa, S. entericatyphi, and  L. monocyogenes.
Desempenho de revestimentos contrafogo em elementos de concreto armado submetidos a temperaturas elevadas
Authors: Britez Carlos Amado , Silva V. P. , Carvalho M. , Helene Paulo
Published: December 2019

Este artigo visa comparar diferentes sistemas de revestimento contrafogo aderidos a elementos de concreto armado, com um ano de idade e cobrimento de 1,5 cm, e avaliar o desempenho desses sistemas por inspeção visual e verificação da evolução das temperaturas internas após simulações de incêndio padrão sob a curva ISO 834, com uso de termopares, por um tempo de 120 minutos. Os resultados demonstraram correlações bem próximas às da literatura consagrada para revestimentos em argamassa base cimento, bem como outras particularidades sobre revestimentos em gesso e ainda a possibilidade do uso de tintas intumescentes como proteção passiva em elementos de concreto armado.
Developing a Consolidated Research Career Framework for Allied Health Professionals in the UK
Authors: Harris Jennifer Deborah , Grafton Kate , Cooke Jo
Published: December 2019

Background Allied Health Professionals (AHPs) form a significant part of the healthcare workforce, and have a great potential to improve services through research and research-informed practice. However, there is a lack of tradition in undertaking research alongside practice in these professional groups. Barriers include clinical caseload pressures, a lack of training and consequent lack of confidence in practitioners. Practice managers are ill-equipped to monitor and guide staff research development. Uni-professional knowledge & skills frameworks can act as further barriers to research culture across the healthcare system that is moving toward multi-disciplinary research focussing on the patient. A common framework, acceptable to all AHPs might be helpful in planning and developing clinical career pathways. Aim: to develop a consolidated research career framework to help plan and guide research activity throughout AHP clinical-academic careers. The study was conducted in three phases. Methods Phase one identified existing AHP research frameworks (AHPRF) through expert consultations and literature searches. Phase two involved Framework Analysis of the AHPRFs to develop a single consolidated framework. Phase three included a workshop with experts to validate and adapt the framework for practice. Results 19 AHPRFs were identified. A consolidated framework was shaped by analysis of the AHPRFs resulting in a consolidated framework of eight sections, each containing a series of statements. Each section relates to an analytic theme within the thematic analysis, and the statements were based on sub-categories of themes. The final framework was further shaped by the phase three workshop into a set of ‘stem’ statements that can be adapted to reflect different levels of expertise and the inclusion of a set of guiding principles developed through expert consultation. Conclusion The consolidated framework was entitled ‘Shaping Better Practice Through Research: A Practitioner Framework’ by stakeholders, thus emphasising its ambition to embed research activity into practice. It instigates a new perspective within AHP research by offering practitioners and managers a tool that can be applied across public, private and voluntary settings for AHPs in all disciplines. Its ambition is to develop capacity in the AHPs that can undertake research to improve services and the health of service users.
Prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse in women, associated factors and impact on quality of life in rural Pakistan: population-based study.
Authors: Jokhio Abdul Hakeem , rizvi raheela mohsin , Mcarthur Christine
Published: December 2019

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a gynecological condition resulting from pelvic floor dysfunction in women. The objective of this study is to estimate “the prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse” associated factors, duration and impact on women's quality of life in rural Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a three stage random sampling strategy.Three health centers were selected and selected Lady Health Workers from each health center interviewed a random sample of women in their households. The interview used a structured questionnaire to collect symptom data. Female gynaecologists then conducted a clinical examination at the local health centres on women who reported symptoms of prolapse to verify and grade pelvic organ prolapse using Baden-Walker classification system. Results : Among the 5064 women interviewed (95.8% response rate), 521 women had clinically confirmed POP, a prevalence of 10.3% (95% CI 9-11%). Among women with POP 37.8% had grade III or IV prolapse. Women with four or more children had the highest proportion of pelvic organ prolapse (75%) followed by women aged 36-40 years (25%).Among women with POP, 60.8% reported their quality of life as greatly or moderately affected; 44.3% had it for more than 5 years; and 78.7% never consulted a doctor. Conclusions : Pelvic organ prolapse is highly prevalent in rural Pakistan, impacts on women’s everyday lives and remains mainly untreated. Measures should be taken to provide health care services to reduce this burden of disease among women. Keywords Community-based; Pelvic organ prolapse; Prevalence; Quality of life; Pakistan
Association between perceived environmental pollution and health among urban and rural residents-A Chinese national study
Authors: Yang Ting
Published: December 2019

Background: China’s economic boom has led to severe environmental pollution, which has created significant health risks for residents. Although current studies have found urban residents can sense the harmful effects of environmental pollution in China, few studies have talked about their rural counterparts’ attitudes towards the health impacts of environmental pollution. Similarly, little research has talked about the inequality of environmental awareness between urban and rural residents.
Methods: Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for the data analyses based on a national survey, namely, The 3rd Survey on the Status of Chinese Women in 2010, which was jointly conducted by the All China Women's Federation and the China Statistical Bureau in 2010. A total of 24741observations were selected.
Results: Among urban residents, 67.21% reported that their total health was good, which was 1.35% lower than the reported rate of their rural counterparts; 25.88% of urban residents reported that their total health was general, which was nearly 3% higher than the reported rate of their rural counterparts; 6.91% of urban residents reported that their total health was poor, which was 1.63% lower than the reported rate of their rural counterparts. The study also found that the rates of urban residents who perceived air pollution (35.67%), water pollution (17.96%), garbage pollution (25.05%), and noise pollution (32.05%) were higher than those of their rural counterparts. Perceived air pollution, and perceived noise pollution both had a negative effect on urban residents’ good health (B=-0.14, p<0.05; B=-0.23, p<0.001). Perceived garbage pollution had a positive effect on urban residents’ poor health (B=0.33, p<0.01). Perceived water pollution had no significant effect on urban residents’ health. The four types of perceived environmental pollution all had insignificant effects on rural residents’ health.
Conclusions: Rural residents lack awareness of the impacts of environmental pollution on health, which may create risks and vulnerability within the rural environment and the livelihood of these residents. Great attention should be paid to the impacts of environmental pollution on the health of not only urban residents but also rural residents, which will highly improve the support of green development among the public in China.
Integrated Approach in the Control and Management of Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases in three health districts of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Koffi Aboa Paul , Yao Théodore Ange Kouakou , BAROGUI YVES Thierry , Diez Gabriel , Djakeaux Simplice , Zahiri Marie Hélène , Sopoh Ghislain Emmanue l , Santos Silvia , Kingsley Asiedu , Johnson Roch Christian , Assé Henri
Published: December 2019

Background
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) comprise 20 communicable diseases that are prevalent in rural poor and remote communities with less access to the health system. For an effective and efficient control, the WHO recommends to affected countries the implementation of integrated control interventions that take into account the different co-endemic NTDs in the same community. However, implementing these integrated interventions involving several diseases with different etiologies, requiring different control approaches and driven by different vertical programs remains a challenge. We report here the results and lessons learned from a pilot test of this integrated approach based on integrated screening of skin diseases in three co-endemic health districts of Côte d'Ivoire, a West African country endemic for Buruli ulcer, leprosy and yaw three skin NTDs.
Method
This cross-sectional study took place from April 2016 to March 2017 in 3 Districts of Côte d’Ivoire co-endemic for BU, leprosy and yaws. It was carried out in 6 stages: identification of potentially co-endemic communities; stakeholder training; social mobilization; mobile medical consultations; case detection and management; and a review meeting.
Results
In total, 2310 persons screened had skin lesions at the screening stage. Among them, 07 cases were diagnosed as Buruli ulcer. There were 30 leprosy cases and 15 yaws detected. Other types of ulcerations and skin conditions have been identified and represent the majority of cases detected. We learned from this pilot experience that integration can be successfully implemented in co-endemic communities in Côte d’Ivoire. Health workers are motivated and available to implement integrated interventions instead of interventions focused on a single disease. However, it is essential to provide capacity building, a minimum of drugs and consumables for the care of the patients detected, as well as follow up of detected patients including those with other skin conditions.
Conclusions
The results of this study show that the integration of activities can be successfully implemented in co-endemic communities under the condition of a staff capacity building and a minimal care of the detected patients.
A non-randomised trial of video and written educational adjuncts in undergraduate ophthalmology
Authors: Hogg Henry David Jeffry , Pereira Michael , Purdy Julian , Fre Richard J.R. , Lau Gordon B.
Published: December 2019

Background

Provision of relevant pre-learning materials has been shown to increase student engagement and improve outcomes in medical education. This non-randomised study attempts to quantify the educational gains, and relative efficacy of video and written pre-learning materials, in ophthalmology undergraduate teaching.Methods

98 final year medical students were contacted prior to their three-day ophthalmology placements at a British tertiary ophthalmology unit. All participants were sent welcome packs prior to arrival requesting they undertake 90 minutes of work focusing on a list of specified ophthalmic conditions. One cohort (N=33) were sent written materials, another (N=32) was provided with video materials and a third cohort (N=33) were not sent any materials. On arrival participants completed a simple knowledge test, a questionnaire estimating the time they spent preparing for the placement and a self-reported knowledge score. The teaching on placement was the same for all cohorts. At the conclusion of each placement participants completed a challenging knowledge test, a clinical skills test and repeated self-reported knowledge scores.Results

87% of students receiving specified materials claimed to complete pre-placement work compared to 70% of those receiving learning outcomes alone (p=0.05). Students receiving learning materials scored higher in the post-placement tests of knowledge (p<0.001), 74.8% (72.4-77.2%) vs 63.6% (95%CI 59.3-67.9%) and skills (p=0.04), 86.9% (83.9-89.9%) vs 81.3% (77.2-85.4%). Students using video resources outperformed students using written materials in their visual acuity assessment test (p=0.03), 90.4% (86.6-94.2%) vs 83.6% (80.1-87.1%) whilst those receiving written rather than video material performed better in the end of placement knowledge test (p=0.03), 77.7% (74.3-81.1%) vs 72.0% (68.9%-75.1%).Conclusion

This study showed that providing pre-placement learning materials improves undergraduates’ commitment and achievement. Written materials better facilitate knowledge acquisition while video materials preferentially promote skill acquisition. This is a novel demonstration within ophthalmology and can help address the imbalance between the expectations placed on undergraduates and the resources committed to ensuring they are met.
Evaluating the national multisite implementation of dialectical behaviour therapy in a community setting: A mixed methods approach
Authors: Flynn Daniel , Joyce Mary , Gillespie Conall , Kells Mary , Swales Michaela , Spillane Ailbhe , Hurley Justina , Hayes Aoife , Gallagher Edel , Arensman Ella , Weihrauch Mareike
Published: December 2019

Background The implementation of evidence-based interventions for borderline personality disorder in community settings is important given that individuals with this diagnosis are often extensive users of both inpatient and outpatient mental health services. Although work in this area is limited, previous studies have identified facilitators and barriers to successful DBT implementation. This study seeks to expand on previous work by evaluating a coordinated implementation of DBT in community settings at a national level. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) [1] provided structural guidance for this national level coordinated implementation.Methods A mixed methods approach was utilised to explore the national multi-site implementation of DBT from the perspective of team leaders and therapists who participated in the coordinated training and subsequent implementation of DBT. Qualitative interviews with DBT team leaders ( n = 8) explored their experiences of implementing DBT in their local service and was analysed using content analysis. Quantitative surveys from DBT therapists ( n = 74) examined their experience of multiple aspects of the implementation process including orienting the system, and preparations and support for implementation. Frequencies of responses were calculated. Written qualitative feedback was analysed using content analysis.Results Five themes were identified from the interview data: team formation, implementation preparation, client selection, service level challenges and team leader role. Participants identified team size and support for the team leader as key points for consideration in DBT implementation. Key challenges encountered were the lack of system support to facilitate phone coaching and a lack of allocated time to focus on DBT. Implementation facilitators included having dedicated team members and support from management.Conclusions The barriers and facilitators identified in this study are broadly similar to those reported in previous research. Barriers and facilitators were identified across several domains of the CFIR and are consistent with a recently published DBT implementation Framework [2]. Future research should pay particular attention to the domain of characteristics of individuals involved in DBT implementation. The results highlight the importance of a mandated service plan for the coordinated implementation of an evidence-based treatment in a public health service.
Perceptions and practices of general practitioners on providing oral health care to people with diabetes - A qualitative study
Authors: Poudel Prakash , Griffiths Rhonda , Wong Vincent W , Flack Jeff R , Arora Amit , Khoo Chee L , George Ajesh
Published: December 2019

Background Poorly controlled diabetes leads to multiple complications including oral health problems. General practitioners (GPs) are at the forefront of management of chronic diseases in primary health care. Diabetes guidelines encourage a proactive role for GPs in oral health complications management in people with diabetes, yet little is known about this area of care. This study aimed to explore current practices, perceptions and barriers of GPs towards oral health care for people with diabetes.Methods We employed a qualitative research method utilising telephone interviews. Purposive/snowball sampling was used to recruit 12 GPs from Greater Sydney region. A thematic analysis involving an inductive approach was used to identify and analyse contextual patterns and themes.Results A majority of participants were males (n=10), working in group practices (n=11) with a mean±SD age of 55±11.4 years and 25±13.6 years work experience. Three major themes emerged: oral health care practices in general practice settings; barriers and enablers to oral health care; and role of diabetes care providers in promoting oral health. Most GPs acknowledged the importance of oral health care for people with diabetes, identifying their compromised immune capacity and greater risks of infections as risk factors. GPs reported 20-30% of their patients having oral health problems, however their current oral health care practices relating to education, risk assessment and referrals were reported as very limited. GPs identified several barriers including time constraints, absence of referral pathways, and limited knowledge and training in promoting oral health care. They also reported patient barriers including oral health care costs and lower oral health awareness. GPs perceived that resources such as education/training, a standardised assessment tool and patient education materials could support them in promoting oral health care. GPs also perceived that other diabetes care providers such as diabetes educators could play an important role in promoting oral health.Conclusions Despite current recommendations, GPs' current oral health care practices among people with diabetes are limited. Further strategies including capacity building GPs by developing appropriate oral health training programs and simple risk assessment tools along with accessible referral pathways are needed to address the current barriers.