bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive Oxford medial unicompartmental knee replacement in patients 50 years of age or younger
Authors: Walker Tilman , Stupp Julius , Reiner Tobias , Panzram Benjamin , Nees Timo A. , Innmann Moritz M. , Gotterbarm Tobias , Merle Christian
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The aim of the present study was to assess clinical outcome and mid-term survivorship of mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in patients 50 years of age or younger.

Methods

This study reports the results of 119 patients (130 knees) following mobile-bearing medial UKA. Primary indication was advanced osteoarthritis or avascular necrosis of the femoral condyle. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) as well as the collateral ligaments were functionally intact, the varus deformity was manually correctable and there was no evidence of osteoarthritis in the lateral compartment. Survivorship analysis was performed with different endpoints and clinical outcome was measured using the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), American Knee Society Score and Functional Score (AKSS-O, AKSS-F), range of motion (ROM), Tegner activity score, University of California Los Angeles score (UCLA) and visual analogue scale for pain (VAS).

Results

The survival rate was 96.6% at 6.5 years (95% CI 98.7–91.3%; number at risk: 56) and 91.7% (95% CI 96.7–80%; number at risk: 22) at 10 years for the endpoint device related revisions and 91.5% at 6.5 years (95% CI 95.4–84.5%; number at risk: 56) and 86.8% (95% CI 93–76.2%; number at risk: 22) at 10 years for the endpoint revision for any reason. Outcome scores, VAS and ROM showed significant improvements (p < 0.001). The mean OKS increased from 26.7 (standard deviation (sd): 7.2) preoperatively to 40.9 (sd: 7.6) at final follow-up, the mean AKSS-O from 48.3 (sd: 13.3) to 87.8 (sd: 14.4) and the mean ROM from 118° (sd: 16.7) to 125° (sd: 11.4). The radiological analysis revealed progression of degenerative changes in the lateral compartment in 39.6% of patients without affecting the functional outcome.

Conclusions

Medial mobile-bearing UKA is a viable surgical treatment option in young patients with significant improvements in knee function and pain. Further follow-up is necessary to evaluate the long-term efficacy.

Level of evidence

Retrospective cohort study, Level III.
Synthesis of Cu-doped carbon dot/chitosan film composite as a catalyst for the colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose
Authors: Tummala Srikrishna , Bandi Rajkumar , Ho Yen-Peng
Published: July 2022

The use of colloidal nanoparticles suffers from the drawbacks of potential color interference and substrate-induced aggregation. To overcome the limitations, a catalyst was developed by crosslinking Cu-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) with chitosan. Cu-CDs with high peroxidase activity were prepared by using a rapid microwave-assisted method. The Cu-CDs containing 6.88% of Cu had an average particle size of 2.25 nm and exhibited 9% of fluorescence quantum yield. The nanozyme/film composite was prepared by crosslinking between the amino groups of Cu-CDs and those of chitosan via a glutaraldehyde linker. A H2O2-mediated tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation reaction was use to evaluate the peroxidase activity of the film. Based on the TMB color changes, colorimetric assays were developed for the detection of H2O2 and glucose at an absorption wavelength 652 nm. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges for H2O2 and glucose were 0.625–40 µM and 1.9–125 µM, respectively, and the detection limits were 0.12 µM and 0.69 µM, respectively. The colorimetric assay was also applied to analyze diluted human serum samples spiked with glucose. Furthermore, this biodegradable, non-toxic, and easy-to-handle nanozyme composite could be stored for over 4 weeks without a significant decrease in activity.

Graphical abstract
Nichtinvasive Keratographen-Tränenfilmaufreißzeit im Vergleich zur Fluoreszein-Tränenfilmaufreißzeit
Authors: Berisha Bujar , Nepp Johannes , Rabensteiner Dieter Franz , Wagner Georg , Boldin Ingrid , Aminfar Haleh , Horwath-Winter Jutta
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund

Das trockene Auge ist eine multifaktorielle Erkrankung der Augenoberfläche, welche als Folge einer unzureichenden Produktion der Tränenflüssigkeit oder einer inadäquaten Zusammensetzung des Tränenfilms mit vermehrter Verdunstung bedingt sein kann. Ein bedeutender diagnostischer Parameter für das trockene Auge ist die Tränenfilmaufreißzeit (TAZ). Ziel dieser Studie war es, die berührungsfreie, nichtinvasive Keratographen-Tränenfilmaufreißzeit (NIK-TAZ) mit der herkömmlichen Messung mittels Fluoreszein (F-TAZ) zu vergleichen sowie ihre Korrelation mit den subjektiven Beschwerden der Patient*innen zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden

In diese Studie wurden 271 Patient*innen (212 Frauen, 59 Männer, 19 bis 91 Jahre, Durchschnittsalter 59,1 Jahre) mit trockenem Auge vom Spezialbereich für Benetzungsstörungen der Universitäts-Augenklinik, Medizinische Universität Graz eingeschlossen. Bei allen Patient*innen erfolgte die NIK-TAZ (erster und mittlerer Aufriss) mittels Keratograph 5M (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Deutschland) sowie eine standardisierte Messung der F‑TAZ. Die subjektiven Beschwerden der Patient*innen wurden mithilfe des Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI®) und einer visuellen Analogskala (VAS) erhoben.

Ergebnisse

Die NIK-TAZ (erster Aufriss, mittlerer Aufriss) korrelierte signifikant mit der F‑TAZ, wobei die Werte der NIK-TAZ signifikant länger waren als die Werte der F‑TAZ (p < 0,001). Der mittlere Aufriss der NIK-TAZ zeigte eine signifikante Korrelation mit den subjektiven Beschwerden (VAS). Bei der F‑TAZ konnte keine Korrelation mit der Subjektivität nachgewiesen werden.

Diskussion

Der mittlere Aufriss der NIK-TAZ korrelierte besser als die F‑TAZ mit dem subjektiven Empfinden der Patient*innen. Der Korrelationsgrad war jedoch gering, daher sind weitere Studien nötig, um die Rolle der nichtinvasiven Tränenfilmaufreißzeit zu verdeutlichen, insbesondere in Bezug auf die verschiedenen Subtypen des trockenen Auges.
Low temperature adsorption of CO2 in carbonaceous wedge pores: a Monte Carlo simulation study
Authors: Liu Xiu , Sim Allan Hua Heng , Fan Chunyan
Published: July 2022

A systematic study of carbon dioxide in wedge pores under subcritical conditions were conducted with Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation. The effects of various factors: temperature, pore geometry (i.e., pore width, length, tilt angle and corrugation), on the formation of stepwise isotherms, were particularly investigated. The occurrence of this step-wise adsorption behaviour is correlated to the alternate packing between the commensurate and incommensurate along the pore axis direction. The steps faded with temperature, due to the adsorbates are less structured and gradually receded mainly from the wide end where the weakest potential exerted to the fluids. The number of steps on desorption branch depends on the number of junctions and domains formed. The particles accumulating at the narrow end in open wedge pore play a role analogy to the closed end. Moreover, having corrugation on the interior solid surface also results different mechanisms illustrated in the stepwise behaviour due to the change in the actual pore size distribution and the interference to the force field inside the pore.
Cash and the Hidden Economy: Experimental Evidence on Fighting Tax Evasion in Small Business Transactions
Authors: Chan Ho Fai , Dulleck Uwe , Fooken Jonas , Moy Naomi , Torgler Benno
Published: July 2022

Increasing the tax compliance of self-employed business owners—particularly of trade-specific service providers such as those involved in construction and repair work—remains an ongoing challenge for tax authorities. From a compliance point of view, cash transactions are particularly problematic when services are paid for on the spot, as these exchanges are difficult to audit. We present experimental evidence testing ten different policy strategies rooted in the enforcement, service, and trust/social paradigms, in a setting that allows payment either via a transaction that directly reports income for tax collection purposes or in cash, where taxes are only collected on reported income. Our sample includes both a typical subject pool of students, as used in most previous studies, and non-students who are active within service industries characterised by the opportunity to engage in cash transactions. While our comparative results show that, for both student and non-student participants, interventions that rely on greater enforcement by the tax authority have the greatest effect on compliance in our cash economy setting, treatments involving cooperative elements may be similarly effective in enhancing tax compliance. Given their effectiveness, cooperative approaches should therefore be considered for addition to the policy mix if implemented at relatively low costs, making both carrot and stick approaches promising to increase compliance in an environment where cash-for-service payments offer a common benefit for small businesses and their customers from implicit collusion that enables tax evasion.
AI in Search of Unfairness in Consumer Contracts: The Terms of Service Landscape
Authors: Lagioia F. , Jabłonowska A. , Liepina R. , Drazewski K.
Published: July 2022

This article explores the potential of artificial intelligence for identifying cases where digital vendors fail to comply with legal obligations, an endeavour that can generate insights about business practices. While heated regulatory debates about online platforms and AI are currently ongoing, we can look to existing horizontal norms, especially concerning the fairness of standard terms, which can serve as a benchmark against which to assess business-to-consumer practices in light of European Union law. We argue that such an assessment can to a certain extent be automated; we thus present an AI system for the automatic detection of unfair terms in business-to-consumer contracts, a system developed as part of the CLAUDETTE project. On the basis of the dataset prepared in this project, we lay out the landscape of contract terms used in different digital consumer markets and theorize their categories, with a focus on five categories of clauses concerning (i) the limitation of liability, (ii) unilateral changes to the contract and/or service, (iii) unilateral termination of the contract, (iv) content removal, and (v) arbitration. In so doing, the paper provides empirical support for the broader claim that AI systems for the automated analysis of textual documents can offer valuable insights into the practices of online vendors and can also provide valuable help in their legal qualification. We argue that the role of technology in protecting consumers in the digital economy is critical and not sufficiently reflected in EU legislative debates.
Understanding Nomadic Practices of Social Activist Networks Through the Lens of Infrastructuring: the Case of the European Social Forum
Authors: de Carvalho Aparecido Fabiano Pinatti , Saeed Saqib , Reuter Christian , Rohde Markus , Randall David , Pipek Volkmar , Wulf Volker
Published: July 2022

Within CSCW and HCI, an increasing body of literature has been demonstrating the essential relevance of infrastructures and infrastructuring to the work of people engaging in technologically mediated nomadicity. Tech Nomads – or T-Nomads, as they are sometimes called – not only rely ontechnological, human, andenvironmentalinfrastructural components – such as Wi-Fi, technical support, space, and basic resources such as light and power outlets – but they also have to engage in infrastructuring to mobilise their workplaces and effectively accomplish work in and across different locations. In this article, we bring an infrastructuring perspective to understanding nomadic practices concerning the organisation of complex collaborative events. We introduce findings from a long-term investigation focusing on how infrastructures are re-instantiated with the help of digital technologies, according to emerging demands from T-Nomads. Our findings demonstrate the need for a ‘non-essentialist’ approach to nomadicity, one which recognises the character of nomadic work and its varied aspects in different contexts. We extend the infrastructuring literature by demonstrating how infrastructuring work is done in a complex collaborative initiative, as the organisation of the annual European Social Forum.
The International Dimension of the EU Emissions Trading System: Bringing the Pieces Together
Authors: Verde Stefano F. , Borghesi Simone
Published: July 2022

We analyse the international dimension of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) over the past two decades and in the foreseeable future by reviewing facts and economic theory. The facts mainly concern the international climate change regime and the EU’s relevant experience in international cooperation. Club theory shows how incentives can be created for cooperation on climate mitigation. The linkage of the EU ETS to the Kyoto flexible mechanisms had mixed results: it promoted emissions trading abroad, but the inflow of credits into the EU ETS added to a large market surplus and the environmental integrity of certain credits was problematic. Looking ahead, the ability of the EU ETS to reduce foreign emissions may grow. Key will be whether competitiveness and distributional effects are successfully addressed. The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism might help the EU reduce the risk of carbon leakage while incentivising emission reductions in countries exporting to the EU. The EU’s focus on reducing domestic emissions only, suggests we will probably not see new international linkages this decade. However, it cannot be excluded that the EU will revisit its decision and relax the domestic constraint.
A numerus clausus rationale for the privity of contract: the protective function
Authors: Bucaria Giorgia , Gottardo Giulio
Published: July 2022

We analyse the legal and economic background and implications of the destandardisation of digital contracts, with a focus on consumer protection and overall efficiency. We argue that firms can exploit destandardisation paired with asymmetric information to extract rents. We propose the introduction of a numerus clausus principle in the digital licensing realm (a limit to the contractual freedom of parties to create proprietary rights) as a way of reducing rent extraction by firms and increasing consumer surplus. With a simple economic model, we account for the tradeoff between the benefit from reduced market power and the social cost of legally enforced standardisation, and show that some degree of enforced standardisation can be optimal.
Coastal Zone Changes in West Africa: Challenges and Opportunities for Satellite Earth Observations
Authors: Almar Rafael , Stieglitz Thomas , Addo Kwasi Appeaning , Ba Kader , Ondoa Gregoire Abessolo , Bergsma Erwin W. J. , Bonou Frédéric , Dada Olusegun , Angnuureng Donatus , Arino Olivier
Published: July 2022

The West African coastal population and ecosystems are increasingly exposed to a multitude of hazards. These are likely to be exacerbated by global climate change and direct impacts from local human activities. Our ability to understand coastal changes has been limited by an incomplete understanding of the processes and the difficulty of obtaining detailed data. Recent advances in satellite techniques have made it possible to obtain rich coastal data sets that provide a solid foundation for improving climate change adaptation strategies for humanity and increasing the resilience of ecosystems for sustainable development. In this article, we review West African coastal layout and current socio-environmental challenges together with key parameters that can be monitored and several coastal management programs that rely on satellite techniques to monitor indicators at the regional level. The social, technical and scientific problems and difficulties that hinder the interest of coastal practitioners and decision-makers to use the satellite data are identified. We provide a roadmap to precisely respond to these difficulties and on how an improved satellite earth observation strategy can better support future coastal zone management in West Africa.
Kinetic energy-free Hartree–Fock equations: an integral formulation
Authors: Jensen Stig Rune , Durdek Antoine , Bjørgve Magnar , Wind Peter , Flå Tor , Frediani Luca
Published: July 2022

We have implemented a self-consistent field solver for Hartree–Fock calculations, by making use of Multiwavelets and Multiresolution Analysis. We show how such a solver is inherently a preconditioned steepest descent method and therefore a good starting point for rapid convergence. A distinctive feature of our implementation is the absence of any reference to the kinetic energy operator. This is desirable when Multiwavelets are employed, because differential operators such as the Laplacian in the kinetic energy are challenging to represent correctly. The theoretical framework is described in detail and the implemented algorithm is both presented in the paper and made available as a Python notebook. Two simple examples are presented, highlighting the main features of our implementation: arbitrary predefined precision, rapid and robust convergence, absence of the kinetic energy operator.
Stress recovery of laminated non-prismatic beams under layerwise traction and body forces
Authors: Vilar M. M. S. , Hadjiloizi D. A. , Khaneh Masjedi P. , Weaver P. M.
Published: July 2022

Emerging manufacturing technologies, including 3D printing and additive layer manufacturing, offer scope for making slender heterogeneous structures with complex geometry. Modern applications include tapered sandwich beams employed in the aeronautical industry, wind turbine blades and concrete beams used in construction. It is noteworthy that state-of-the-art closed form solutions for stresses are often excessively simple to be representative of real laminated tapered beams. For example, centroidal variation with respect to the neutral axis is neglected, and the transverse direct stress component is disregarded. Also, non-classical terms arise due to interactions between stiffness and external load distributions. Another drawback is that the external load is assumed to react uniformly through the cross-section in classical beam formulations, which is an inaccurate assumption for slender structures loaded on only a sub-section of the entire cross-section. To address these limitations, a simple and efficient yet accurate analytical stress recovery method is presented for laminated non-prismatic beams with arbitrary cross-sectional shapes under layerwise body forces and traction loads. Moreover, closed-form solutions are deduced for rectangular cross-sections. The proposed method invokes Cauchy stress equilibrium followed by implementing appropriate interfacial boundary conditions. The main novelties comprise the 2D transverse stress field recovery considering centroidal variation with respect to the neutral axis, application of layerwise external loads, and consideration of effects where stiffness and external load distributions differ. A state of plane stress under small linear-elastic strains is assumed, for cases where beam thickness taper is restricted to $$15^{\circ }$$

15
∘

. The model is validated by comparison with finite element analysis and relevant analytical formulations.
CONEqNet: convolutional music equalizer network
Authors: Iriz Jesús , Patricio Miguel A. , Berlanga Antonio , Molina José M.
Published: July 2022

The process of parametric equalization of musical pieces seeks to highlight their qualities by cutting and/or stimulating certain frequencies. In this work, we present a neural model capable of equalizing a song according to the musical genre that is being played at a given moment. It is normal that (1) the equalization should adapt throughout the song and not always be the same for the whole song; and (2) songs do not always belong to a specific musical genre and may contain touches of different musical genres. The neural model designed in this work, called CONEqNet (convolutional music equalizer network), takes these aspects into account and proposes a neural model capable of adapting to the different changes that occur throughout a song and with the possibility of mixing nuances of different musical genres. For the training of this model, the well-known GTzan dataset, which provides 1,000 fragments of songs of 30 seconds each, divided into 10 genres, was used. The paper will show proofs of concept of the performance of the neural model.
Structural analysis of previously unknown natural products using computational methods
Authors: Kato Hikaru
Published: July 2022

Natural products exhibit structural diversity, and biologically active natural products with unprecedented molecular skeletons can potentially be isolated from natural resources in the future. Although it has often been difficult to determine the structures and configurations of new compounds that do not resemble known compounds, the determination of the chemical structures, including the absolute stereo configuration, is very important in drug discovery research. In our efforts to find new bioactive natural products, we have identified novel compounds such as the ubiquitin–proteasome system inhibitors and osteoclast differentiation inhibitors. Various natural products, mixtures of stereoisomers of natural products, and compounds with novel skeletal structures were studied. In cases where it was difficult to determine the structures by NMR spectroscopy, we could successfully determine the chemical structures by computational chemistry. This review presents the results of structural analysis obtained using computational methods for several natural products that we have recently isolated.
Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Help in the Feature Selection Related to Hospital Readmissions of Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Castillo-Sánchez Gema , Acosta Mario Jojoa , Garcia-Zapirain Begonya , De la Torre Isabel , Franco-Martín Manuel
Published: July 2022

Suicide was the main source of death from external causes in Spain in 2020, with 3,941 cases. The importance of identifying those mental disorders that influenced hospital readmissions will allow us to manage the health care of suicidal behavior. The feature selection of each hospital in this region was carried out by applying Machine learning (ML) and traditional statistical methods. The results of the characteristics that best explain the readmissions of each hospital after assessment by the psychiatry specialist are presented. Adjustment disorder, alcohol abuse, depressive syndrome, personality disorder, and dysthymic disorder were selected for this region. The most influential methods or characteristics associated with suicide were benzodiazepine poisoning, suicidal ideation, medication poisoning, antipsychotic poisoning, and suicide and/or self-harm by jumping. Suicidal behavior is a concern in our society, so the results are relevant for hospital management and decision-making for its prevention.
Anglophone Islam: A New Conceptual Category
Authors: Ahmed Abdul-Azim
Published: July 2022

The field of ‘Islamic Studies’, like ‘Religious Studies’, is a broad-church. It includes a number of epistemological and ontological positions associated with a range of disciplines. The diversity inherent in a category such as ‘Islamic Studies’ is challenged by a bifurcation of two predominant approaches found within the field, the textual and the sociological. In this paper, I seek to propose a new concept for contemporary Islamic studies, that of Anglophone Islam, which will allow a broader range of scholarship to be contextualised in relation to each other. The concept also opens a new set of questions to be explored by scholars of Islamic studies. It will be of particular interest to scholars involved in contemporary Islamic studies in fields such as American Muslim studies, British Muslim studies and European Muslim studies, but will also have utility to theological, historical and philosophical scholars of Islam working in the English language.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Estimating the Ripening State of Fuji Apples Using Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Benmouna Brahim , García-Mateos Ginés , Sabzi Sajad , Fernandez-Beltran Ruben , Parras-Burgos Dolores , Molina-Martínez José Miguel
Published: July 2022

The quality of fresh apple fruits is a major concern for consumers and manufacturers. Classification of these fruits according to their ripening stage is one of the most decisive factors in determining their quality. In this regard, the aim of this work is to develop a new method for non-destructive classification of the ripening state of Fuji apples using hyperspectral information in the visible and near-infrared (Vis/NIR) regions. Spectra of 172 apple samples in the range from 450 to 1000 nm were studied, which were selected from four different ripening stages. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was proposed to perform the classification of the samples. The proposed method was compared with three alternative methods based on artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). The results revealed that the CNN method outperformed the alternative methods, achieving a correct classification rate (CCR) of 96.5%, compared with an average of 89.5%, 95.93%, and 91.68% for ANN, SVM, and KNN, respectively. These results will help in the development of a new device for fast and accurate estimation of the quality of apples.
N-doped carbon anchored CoS2/MoS2 nanosheets as efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Zhou Xingwei , Zhang Wei , Zhang Zunhao , Wang Zizhun , Zou Xu , Li Dabing , Zheng Weitao
Published: July 2022

The oriented two-dimensional porous nitrogen-doped carbon embedded with CoS2 and MoS2 nanosheets is a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst. The hierarchical structure ensures fast mass transfer capacity in improving the electrocatalytic activity. And the greatly increased specific surface area is beneficial to expose more electrocatalytically active atoms. For oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) tests in 1 mol/L KOH solution, only 194 and 140 mV overpotential are required to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2, respectively. Our research provides an effective strategy for synergizing the individual components in nanostructures for a wide range of electrocatalytic reactions.

Graphical Abstract
Perceived fairness of direct-to-consumer genetic testing business models
Authors: Toussaint Philipp A. , Thiebes Scott , Schmidt-Kraepelin Manuel , Sunyaev Ali
Published: July 2022

Although consumers and experts often express concerns regarding the questionable business practices of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing services (e.g., reselling of consumers’ genetic data), the DTC genetic testing market keeps expanding rapidly. We employ retail fairness as our theoretical lens to address this seeming paradox and conduct a discrete choice experiment with 16 attributes to better understand consumers’ fairness perceptions of DTC genetic testing business models. Our results suggest that, while consumers perceive privacy-preserving DTC genetic testing services fairer, price is the main driver for fairness perception. We contribute to research on consumer perceptions of DTC genetic testing by investigating consumer preferences of DTC genetic testing business models and respective attributes. Further, this research contributes to knowledge about disruptive business models in healthcare and retail fairness by contextualizing the concept of retail fairness in the DTC genetic testing market. We also demonstrate how to utilize discrete choice experiments to elicit perceived fairness.
Evaluation of thermal conductivity estimation models with laboratory-measured thermal conductivities of sediments
Authors: Adrinek Simona , Singh Rao Martand , Janža Mitja , Żeruń Mateusz , Ryżyński Grzegorz
Published: July 2022

Thermal conductivity is one of the key parameters for estimating low-temperature geothermal potential. In addition to field techniques, it can be determined based on physical parameters of the sediment measured in the laboratory. Following the methodology for cohesive and non-cohesive sample preparation, laboratory measurements were carried out on 30 samples of sediments. Density, porosity and water content of samples were measured and used in thermal conductivity estimation models (TCEM). The bulk thermal conductivity ($${\lambda }_{b}$$

λ
b

) calculated with six TCEMs was compared with the measured $${\lambda }_{b}$$

λ
b

to evaluate the predictive capacity of the analytical methods used. The results show that the empirical TCEMs are suitable to predict the $${\lambda }_{b}$$

λ
b

of the analysed sediment types, with the standard deviation of the residuals (RMSE) ranging from 0.11 to 0.35 Wm−1 K−1. To improve the fit, this study provides a new modified parameterisation of two empirical TCEMs (Kersten and Côté&Konrad model) and, therefore, suggests the most suitable TCEMs for specific sample conditions. The RMSE ranges from 0.11 to 0.29 Wm−1 K−1. Mixing TCEM showed an RMSE of up to 2.00 Wm−1 K−1, meaning they are not suitable for predicting sediment $${\lambda }_{b}$$

λ
b

. The study provides an insight into the analytical determination of thermal conductivity based on the physical properties of sediments. The results can help to estimate the low-temperature geothermal potential more quickly and easily and promote the sustainable use of this renewable energy source, which has applications in environmental and engineering science.
Fabrication of Durable Superhydrophobic Stainless Steel Mesh with Nano/Micro Flower-Like Morphologies for Self-Cleaning and Efficient Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Xu Changlian , Luo Yitong , Zhou Lu , Bi Yiwen , Sun Hao
Published: July 2022

How to fabricate durable superhydrophobic materials for cyclic oil/water separation to solve oil-induced pollutions is still a problem. Herein, we fabricated a durable Superhydrophobic Stainless Steel Mesh (SH-SSM) with nano/micro flower-like sheets by self-assembly of zinc stearate for the cyclic separation of various oil/water mixtures. The SH-SSM exhibits durable superhydrophobicity against static or dynamic treatments. In virtue of durable superhydrophobicity of the SH-SSM, the dusts on surface of SH-SSM can be removed completely by running water immediately showing excellent self-cleaning performance. Moreover, the SH-SSM can be used to perform gravity-driven separation of heavy oil/water and light oil/water mixtures by utilizing its superhydrophobicity that oil phase penetrates the mesh and water phase is restricted. Separation efficiencies of the SH-SSM can reach 99.99%. After 20 cycles of separation, the separation efficiencies for are > 97.00% and > 98.25% for heavy oil/water and light oil/water mixtures, respectively. Flux values of dichloromethane, hexane and petroleum ether are 2.5 × 105 L m−2 h−1, 1.7 × 105 L m−2 h−1, and 1.8 × 105 L m−2 h−1, respectively. This study proposes a facial approach to prepare durable superhydrophobic and self-cleaning material for cyclic and fast separation of oil/water.
The Form and Substance of International Cooperation on Border Carbon Adjustments
Authors: Mehling Michael , van Asselt Harro , Droege Susanne , Das Kasturi
Published: July 2022

The European Union's (EU) proposed Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) underscores that the introduction of climate-motivated trade measures is no longer just a matter of academic debate. With countries ramping up domestic climate action at different speeds and levels of ambition, the likelihood of other countries following the EU's lead and adopting a border carbon adjustment (BCA)1 of their own will only increase. International cooperation can help avoid a fragmented landscape of varying BCA designs, mitigate concerns about trade protectionism, and ensure that the further development of BCAs leads to stronger global action on climate change. Some countries have begun to show an interest in pursuing international cooperation involving joint trade measures through “climate clubs.” Yet such international cooperation also raises new questions concerning the legal form, the forum through which cooperation should be pursued, and the (normative) substance of any international agreement on BCAs. The answers to these questions matter not only for the development and implementation of BCAs, but may also affect the future trajectory of the international legal regime for climate change and trade.
Beirut Explosion: Challenge of Hospital Emergency Preparedness
Authors: Helou Mariana , El Osta Nour , Weinstein Eric S.
Published: July 2022

On August 4, 2020, a major explosion took place in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon. Some hospitals in Beirut were destroyed and became nonfunctional, and others were overwhelmed with casualties, with 8643 casualties admitted to emergency departments on that night. The Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, 2.8 km away from the blast, received an unexpected number of casualties. While a disaster plan was conceived earlier, this hospital’s emergency department faced many challenges on that night, and major flaws in their preparedness plan were seen.
Reassessing Lucky Understanding
Authors: Belkoniene Miloud
Published: July 2022

Knowledge is widely regarded as being incompatible with epistemic luck, but according to several philosophers, the same does not hold for understanding. This paper examines to what extent understanding is vulnerable to epistemic luck. After discussing the weaknesses of some of the cases that have been offered to support the conclusion that understanding tolerates environmental epistemic luck, I turn to a more recent one offered in favour of the opposite conclusion. I argue that this case does not manage to establish that understanding is vulnerable to environmental luck; this even if the fact that understanding comes in degrees is taken into account. Finally, I examine the vulnerability of understanding to intervening luck – the type of luck present in classical Gettier cases – and conclude that when such luck is present, one's understanding is necessarily sub-optimal; a conclusion that does not hold, according to what I argue, when it comes to environmental luck.
A note on the polynomial ergodicity of the one-dimensional Zig-Zag process
Authors: Vasdekis Giorgos , Roberts Gareth O.
Published: July 2022

We prove polynomial ergodicity for the one-dimensional Zig-Zag process on heavy-tailed targets and identify the exact order of polynomial convergence of the process when targeting Student distributions.
‘WHAT HARBOUR WILL THERE NOT BE FOR YOUR CRIES?’ (420) AND OTHER TEXTUAL PROBLEMS IN SOPHOCLES’OEDIPVS TYRANNVS
Authors: Kovacs David
Published: July 2022

These four textual notes attempt (1) to demonstrate thatOT420 as transmitted is unlikely to impossible, and to show the desirability of Blaydes's conjectureποῖοϲ οὐκ ἔϲται ᾿λικών, that is,Ἑλικών; (2) to argue for the necessity of readingἄνforεἰat line 121 and of making the line a complete sentence; (3) to argue for a lacuna before line 530; and (4) to proposeτίϲ ἄταιϲ μᾶλλον ἢ τίϲ ἀγρίαι ξύνοικοϲ ἁλλαγᾶι βίου;in lines 1205–6.
More than diacritics: Writing, power, and the porosity of script and language in Java
Authors: Meyer Verena
Published: July 2022

The world, Fox shows inMore than words, tends to be a lot more open-ended than we imagine, with more things in heaven and earth than are dreamt of, not just in our philosophy but also our philology. As a student of Javanese literature, I had encountered glimpses of this open-endedness on the pages of manuscripts where we sometimes find little dots on top of Javanese letters. These dots often appear in the literature of Islamic Java written in thecarakanalphabet. Known to us as diacritics, they are used for originally Arabic words to produce sounds for which there is no letter in Javanese. Not all originally Arabic words get dots in Javanese texts: while a significant percentage of the Javanese vocabulary is adopted from Arabic, many words have become naturalised to the extent that their origin has become invisible. Sometimes, however, one does find dotted letters, marking words as somehow different from the other Javanese words around them. With Fox's analysis inMore than words, I want to ask: how do we understand these dots? And what should we do with them?
Innate immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review
Authors: Silva Marcos Jessé Abrahão , Rodrigues Yan Corrêa , Lima Karla Valéria Batista , Lima Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa
Published: July 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, first notified in China, has spread around the world causing high morbidity and mortality, which is due to factors such as the subversion of the immune response. The aims of the study are to summarise and present the immunopathological relationship of COVID-19 with innate immunity. This is a systematic review conducted by the National Library of Medicine – National Institutes of Health, USA (PUBMED), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) databases with clinical trials, in vitro assays, case-controls, cohort studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses between February 2020 and July 2021. The version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs (RoB 2), Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal (for the review articles) and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools were used to evaluate the quality and the risk of bias of the studies included in this review. The innate immune response through the generation of interferons, alternative pathways and complement system lectins and the joint action of innate immune cells and cytokines and chemokines lead to different clinical outcomes, taking into account the exacerbated inflammatory response and pathogenesis. Then, in addition to interacting as a bridge for adaptive immunity, the innate immune response plays an essential role in primary defense and is one of the starting points for immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2.
Intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia after percutaneous atrial septal defect closure: a case report
Authors: Kawai Shun , Matsumoto Katsumi , Ueda Hideaki
Published: July 2022

We report a case of a 6-year-old boy who developed intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia after percutaneous atrial septal defect closure. Ablation was performed, and the circuit of tachycardia was identified. This was a rare complication caused by right atrial enlargement due to an atrial septal defect closure device.
Identifying Determinants of Neuro-Enchancement Substance Use in	Students
Authors: Galli Federica , Chirico Andrea , Mallia Luca , Alivernini Fabio , Manganelli Sara , Zelli Arnaldo , Hagger Martin S. , Lucidi Fabio
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Background: Use of Neuro-Enhancement Substances (NES) such as prescription drugs, illicit drugs, or alcohol to improve cognition, prosocial behavior, and performance is increasing among students. Aims: The study applied a multi-theory, integrated theoretical model to identify motivational and social cognition determinants of NES use among students. Methods: A prospective longitudinal design was adopted with 306 high school (66.8% female; Mage = 17.31 years, SD = 0.93) and 692 university (70.5% female; Mage = 24.97 years, SD = 6.64) students. They completed measures of motivation, social cognition constructs, and planning with respect to studying behavior and NES use. Results: Well-fitting structural equation models indicated the pervasive influence of autonomous motivation, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control for studying, as well as of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control for NES use. Inclusion of past NES use increased explained variance in NES use and attenuated model effects, but the pattern of effects remained. Multi-group analyses indicated consistency in the pattern model effects across high school and university students. Limitations: The study findings might not be generalizable, as student samples were not randomly recruited. Furthermore, NES use only relied on self-report, and its assessment did not consider different NES substances. Finally, there was no assessment of implicit attitudes and habits toward studying and NES use. Conclusions: Findings extend prior literature by demonstrating the integrated guiding view that students’ motivation and beliefs about studying influence their beliefs about and use of NES. Furthermore, the findings provide starting points for interventions targeting the reduction in NES use.
Net Primary Production and Ecosystem Carbon Flux of Brazilian Tropical Savanna Ecosystems From Eddy Covariance and Inventory Methods
Authors: Vourlitis George L. , Pinto Osvaldo Borges , Dalmagro Higo J. , Enrique Zanella de Arruda Paulo , de Almeida Lobo Francisco , de Souza Nogueira José
Published: July 2022

Estimates of net primary (NPP) and ecosystem production (NEP) are needed for tropical savanna, which is structurally diverse but understudied compared to tropical rainforest. We used eddy covariance and inventory methods to estimate carbon (C) fluxes for an upland mixed grassland and a seasonally flooded forest to determine the correspondence between these methods and assess the contribution of C cycling components to the total NPP. Both techniques provided similar estimates of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (−3.0 ‒ 2.3 MgC ha−1 y−1 for eddy covariance vs. −2.0 ‒ 4.3 MgC ha−1 y−1 for inventory), gross primary production (7.5–16.3 MgC ha−1 y−1 for eddy covariance vs. 8.7–18.4 MgC ha−1 y−1 for inventory), and total NPP (0.9–7.5 MgC ha−1 y−1 for eddy covariance vs. 2.0–9.5 MgC ha−1 y−1 for inventory). Belowground NPP accounted for 49%–53% of the total NPP for both ecosystems, followed by aboveground litter (26%–27%) and wood (16%–17%) production. Increases in water availability increased the potential for C storage, but the mechanism was different in the savanna types. Compared to other savanna ecosystems, the mixed grassland had a lower productivity and C use efficiency (CUE = NPP/GPP = 0.28), while the Cerrado forest had a high CUE (0.58) and similar C flux rates to other tropical savanna forests. The agreement in the C cycle estimates derived from the eddy covariance and inventory methods increases our confidence in the productivity estimates for these tropical savanna ecosystems.
Imaging the Whole‐Lithosphere Architecture of a Mineral System—Geophysical Signatures of the Sources and Pathways of Ore‐Forming Fluids
Authors: Comeau Matthew J. , Becken Michael , Kuvshinov Alexey V.
Published: July 2022

Mineral systems can be thought of as a combination of several critical elements, including the whole‐lithosphere architecture, favorable geodynamic/tectonic events, and fertility. Because they are driven by processes across various scales, exploration benefits from a scale‐integrated approach. There are open questions regarding the source of ore‐forming fluids, the depth of genesis, and their transportation through the upper crust to discrete emplacement locations. In this study, we investigate an Au–Cu metal belt located at the margin of an Archean‐Paleoproterozoic microcontinent. We explore the geophysical signatures by analyzing three‐dimensional models of the electrical resistivity and shear‐wave velocity throughout the lithosphere. Directly beneath the metal belt, narrow, vertical, finger‐like low‐resistivity features are imaged within the resistive upper‐middle crust and are connected to a large low‐resistivity zone in the lower crust. A broad low‐resistivity zone is imaged in the lithospheric mantle, which is well aligned with a zone of low shear‐wave velocity, examined with a correlation analysis. In the upper‐middle crust, the resistivity signatures give evidence for ancient pathways of fluids, constrained by a structure along a tectonic boundary. In the lower lithosphere, the resistivity and velocity signatures are interpreted to represent a fossil fluid source region. We propose that these signatures were caused by a combination of factors related to refertilization and metasomatism of the lithospheric mantle by long‐lived subduction at the craton margin, possibly including iron enrichment, F‐rich phlogopite, and metallic sulfides. The whole‐lithosphere architecture controls the genesis, evolution, and transport of ore‐forming fluids and thus the development of the mineral system.
Transient Brittle Creep Mechanism Explains Early Postseismic Phase of the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Megathrust Earthquake: Observations by High‐Rate GPS Solutions
Authors: Periollat Axel , Radiguet Mathilde , Weiss Jérôme , Twardzik Cédric , Amitrano David , Cotte Nathalie , Marill Lou , Socquet Anne
Published: July 2022

The early stage of the postseismic phase is characterized by a large deformation rate. Its analysis is thus key to decipher the role played by different mechanisms (afterslip and viscoelasticity) at various time scales. Here, we process GPS data to obtain 30‐s kinematic position time series recording the surface deformation following the Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki megathrust earthquake (2011), and combine them with static solutions over 9 years. We analyze the temporal evolution of the time series and use these observations to image the postseismic slip. We find that the first month of deformation following Tohoku‐Oki can be explained by an afterslip mechanism, that exhibits an “Omori‐like” decay, with a p‐value around 0.75 almost everywhere with the exception of a small region around Ibaraki prefecture where p ∼ 1 is observed. This p < 1 indicates that the postseismic displacements do not increase logarithmically with time as predicted by rate‐and‐state rheology. Instead, we argue that early afterslip is associated with a transient brittle creep mechanism. We use numerical simulations to show that an exponent of p < 1 can be explained by a combination of thermal activation of local slips and elastic interactions. Over longer time scales, an additional mechanism is required to explain the observed deformation signal, and the transient brittle creep mechanism is combined with viscoelastic relaxation modeled by a Newtonian flow. The spatial analysis reveals two distinct afterslip regions, a major one on the North, associated with a p‐value around 0.75, and a smaller one close to the Ibaraki aftershock, associated with p ∼ 1.