bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthelmintic efficiency of doramectin, fenbendazole, and nitroxynil, in combination or individually, in sheep worm control
Authors: Holsback Luciane , Luppi Pedro Alex Ramsey , Silva Camile Sanches , Negrão Gustavo Kremer , Conde Gabriel , Gabriel Hugo Vinícius , Balestrieri João Vitor , Tomazella Lucas
Published: April 2016

Abstract The anthelmintic efficiency of doramectin, fenbendazole, and nitroxynil, used individually or in combination, was determined by the Fecal Egg Count Reduction (FECR) test and cultivation of larvae of anthelminthic-treated sheep grouped as follows: G1 (doramectin), G2 (fenbendazole), G3 (nitroxynil), G4 (doramectin + fenbendazole), G5 (doramectin + nitroxynil), G6 (fenbendazole + nitroxynil), G7 (doramectin + nitroxynil + fenbendazole), G8 (untreated). In addition to individually used doramectin and fenbendazole, the helminths were also resistant to the combination of doramectin + fenbendazole; nitroxynil + fenbendazole; and doramectin + nitroxynil + fenbendazole, with their FECR rates ranging from 62-83%. The helminths showed possible nitroxynil-resistance, but had low resistance when the drug was administered in combination with doramectin. The evaluation of individual helminth species revealed that fenbendazole was fully effective against Cooperia; doramectin (G1), moderately effective against Haemonchus and insufficiently active against Cooperia; nitroxynil, effective against Haemonchus and insufficiently active against Cooperia. It was concluded from the results that herd nematodes are resistant to doramectin, fenbendazole, and nitroxynil, and that the combined use of the drugs not only fails to significantly improve the anthelmintic efficiency against Haemonchus and Cooperia, but is also cost-ineffective.
Future-proofing governance and BIM for owner operators in the UK
Authors: Krystallis Ilias , Vernikos Vasileios , El-Jouzi Sam , Burchill Pete
Published: April 2016

Owner operators are managing and maintaining their infrastructure assets. In addition, depending on the national economic activity, they are being reactive or proactive in their response against uncertainty. Findings from this study showed that improvements can be achieved if the concept of future-proofing (FP) of assets – as a structured approach against uncertainty – becomes more explicitly defined. FP is the holistic process of taking security measures against uncertainty and being proactive throughout the organisation and its assets. In combination with information management, it ensures that asset management (AM) strategies will become responsive to a number of future changes in requirements. In this context, it is asserted that both FP and Building Information Modelling (BIM) suffer from a dearth of identification in the context of AM. Through a case study, this paper presents an approach that helps clients to future-proof AM at a strategic level. Furthermore, governance agendas for FP and BIM capabilities for future-proof information have been identified that owner operators and the supply chain can find useful.
Fine Mapping Implicates a Deletion of CFHR1 and CFHR3 in Protection from IgA Nephropathy in Han Chinese
Authors: Xie Jingyuan , Kiryluk Krzysztof , Li Yifu , Mladkova Nikol , Zhu Li , Hou Ping , Ren Hong , Wang Weiming , Zhang Hong , Chen Nan , Gharavi Ali G.
Published: April 2016

An intronic variant at the complement factor H (CFH) gene on chromosome 1q32 (rs6677604) associates with risk of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), but the association signal has not been uniformly replicated in Han Chinese populations. We investigated whether the causal sequence variant resides in the CFH gene or the neighboring complement factor H–related 1 (CFHR1) gene and CFHR3, which harbor an 84-kb combined deletion (CFHR3,1Δ) in linkage disequilibrium with rs6677604. Imputation of 1000 Genomes Project data did not suggest new causal single–nucleotide variants within the CFH cluster. We next performed copy number analysis across the CFH locus in two independent Han Chinese case-control cohorts (combined n=3581). The CFHR3,1Δ and rs6677604-A alleles were rare (4.4% in patients and 7.1% in controls) and in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other (r
2=0.95); of these alleles, CFHR3,1Δ associated more significantly with decreased risk of IgAN (odds ratio [OR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.46 to 0.70; P=8.5 × 10−8 versus OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.75; P=1.6 × 10−6 for rs6677604-A). Moreover, CFHR3,1Δ explained all of the association signal at rs6677604 and remained significant after conditioning on rs6677604 genotype (P=0.01). Exploratory analyses of clinical and histopathologic parameters using the Oxford classification criteria revealed a suggestive association of CFHR3,1Δ with reduced tubulointerstitial injury (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.79). These data indicate that dysregulated activity of the alternative complement pathway contributes to IgAN pathogenesis in both Asians and Europeans and implicate CFHR3,1Δ as the functional allele at this locus.
La Frontera Norte del Ecuador: violencias, exclusiones y voces subalternas. Intervención de psicología social comunitaria
Authors: Mantilla Álvaro
Published: April 2016

La prolongación indefinida de la guerra supone la normalización de este tipo de relaciones sociales deshumanizantes cuyo impacto en las personas va desde el desgarramiento somático hasta la estructuración mental, pasando por el debilitamiento de la personalidad que no encuentra la posibilidad de afirmar con autenticidad de su propia identidad. No se pueden entender entonces las crisis orgánicas sin su referente de tensión polarizadora, como no se comprende la inhibición sociopolítica sino frente al clima de mentira institucionalizada, o el estereotipamiento ideológico frente a la militarización de la vida social. Pero, a su vez, las personas que se van formando en este contexto van a asumir como connatural el desprecio por la vida humana, la ley del más fuerte como criterio social y la corrupción como estilo de vida, precipitando así un grave círculo vicioso que tiende a perpetuar la guerra tanto objetiva como subjetivamente. (Martín Baró, a veinte años de su asesinato en el Salvador, 1942 -1989).
Myocardial infarction in young population: An increasing trend
Authors: K Mohiud-Din , SM Ali , B Naiku , N Lone , PA Zagar
Published: April 2016

Objective: To define the correlation of clinical features with the angiographic findings in young patients (≤40 years) who presented to our institute with angina symptoms and also have an idea of disease burden in our community. Methods and results: A retrospective study was conducted over a 5 year period from 2010 to 2015. One hundred and twenty nine consecutive patients <40 years of age were admitted for evaluation and were reviewed. The mean age was 37.7 years (range 28-40), 76.7% (99) were males and 23.3% (30) were females. This was similar to the figures for more than 40 years cohort, 74.1% males and 25.9% females. Sixty two percent were urban and 13.2% were non-Kashmiri security forces. Predominant presentation was acute myocardial infarction (47.3%) followed by angina on effort (44.2%), atypical chest pain (7%), and unstable angina (1.6%). Among males 59.5% had angiographically documented coronary artery disease while only 23% of females had coronary artery disease documented. Three females presented with anterior wall myocardial infarction secondary to infective endocarditis, spontaneous left main coronary dissection and takotsubo cardiomyopathy respectively. Conclusion: The study focuses our attention on rising prevalence of coronary artery disease in young individuals from urban communities. Symptomatic males may need thorough early evaluation, young females presenting with myocardial infarction should be evaluated for non-atherosclerotic etiologies. Keywords: Myocardial infarction; young population; coronary artery disease
Primary Sjogren syndrome with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, cryoglobulinaemia and thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: VP Parimi , L Rajasekhar
Published: April 2016

Sjogren syndrome is an autoimmune exocrinopathy with various extra glandular manifestations. Cryoglobulinemia, small vessel vasculitis has been reported in 5-10% of patients with primary Sjogren syndrome. It may be associated with a higher prevalence of extra glandular disease in Sjogren patients. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), a potentially lethal condition characterized by microvascular thrombosis due to endothelial injury, is rare in SS. Its most characteristic histological finding is intravascular and intraglomerular fibrin thrombi. The association of Sjogren syndrome, cryoglobulinemia and thrombotic microangiopathy has not been previously reported. We report the first case of Sjogren syndrome with these three manifestations, occurring in combination. Keywords: Sjogren syndrome; alveolar hemorrhage; cryoglobulinemia; thrombotic microangiopathy; pulmonary-renal syndrome
Life without Barriers: Prospects and Changes in the Situation of Children with Disabilities and Lifelong Disabled Persons
Authors: Klochko E.Y.
Published: April 2016

The article shows the role of Russian ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Problem analysis of kind of services for chil- dren with disabilities and lifelong disabled persons is performed using a schema “Alternative living models for a lifelong disabled person in Russia”. The article demonstrates the main content of early intervention programs and the role and place of a multidisciplinary team of program experts. We discuss the main aspects of the problems related to education for disabled children, the features of linkage between social services and social support for children with disabilities and families raising them. Attention is paid to the development and widespread implementation of hospital- substituting technologies. The article presents con- cept of a pilot project of the Foundation for children in difficult life situation to facilitate the social adaptation of disabled persons. Author made a conclusions on increasing authorities’ attention to disable person’s needs, the need for change in the current legislation according to UN Convention, and annexations to federal legislation governing the rights of disabled children and lifelong disabled persons, the need to develop public policies using all available resources and the experience of socially oriented NGOs primarily.
National Strategy on Action for Children in Russia and Council of Europe Strategies for the Rights of the Child
Authors: Semya G.V.
Published: April 2016

Development of the National Strategy for Action on Children for 2012–2017 implemented in two phases (2012–2014 and 2015–2017) coincided with the Council of Europe Strategies for the Rights of the Child for 2012–2015, and the new Council of Europe Strategies for the Rights of the Child for 2016–2022 takes effect in 2016. Author provides description of a new European instrument: the main current challenges in the field of children safeguarding; top areas and measures to respond to these challenges; methods to implement the strategy including based on the recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to the Member States. The article gives examples of Russia’s accession to the international legal community through the ratification of various conventions that allowed to take domestic measures to ensure international standards to secure children from such crimes as trafficking in children, underage prostitution and por- nography, sexual abuse. The present paper examines opportunity to take into ac- count the new European guidelines and standards in Russian childhood policy and describes action taken in Russia to protect children’s rights as a response to the integrated European challenges, taking into account social and cultural differences.
Inclusive Education: from Policy to Practice
Authors: Alekhina S.V.
Published: April 2016

The author has made an attempt to analyze the current stage in the devel- opment of an inclusive process in the domestic education. We considered the specifics of the Russian development model of the inclusion in education; defined levels of socio-psychological of actuation process as follows: 1) the system; 2) or- ganizational; 3) group; 4) individual; noted the basic tendencies and contradictions of the transition from policy-making to practical implementation. The paper also covered an issue of the dynamics of the inclusion process in children with disabilities throughout the country. We choose Federal State Primary Education Standard for students with disabilities as a reference point of the inclusion process development. Author is deeply convinced that idea of inclusive education is deeply social. Social efficiency depends not only on the development of systems additional, general, and vocational education, but also on the acceptance and understanding of the inclusion idea by the professional community, and this will keep the link between the basic requirements of education policy and the possibility of practical implementation.
Developing the System of Child Protection and Child-friendly Justice: Models of Analysis, Research Approaches and Successful Practices
Authors: Chirkina R.V.
Published: April 2016

One of the main objectives of National Strategies on developing the system of children safeguarding and child-friendly justice is the establishment an effective system of prevention of offenses committed against minors and minor offences, as well as child-friendly justice and penal system. The article describes the issue of performing the task of creating a child-friendly justice, analyzes approaches to accomplish the tasks that can be implemented only in cooperation with different departments and agencies. Author considers the successful practices developing National Strategy provisions throughout the country, and provides analysis models of prevention of child delinquent behavior and neglect. The paper focuses on system analysis as a method of forecasting and overcoming dysfunctionality and system links irregularities in the field of minors social problems solving. Article proposals on development of the missing elements in the system of prevention and the implementation of the National Strategy provisions.
Immediate effects of an approach in high cervical and occipitomastoidon postural control and mobility of individuals with parkinson’s disease: case series.
Authors: Severo Alexandre Rodrigues , Silveira Mateus Corrêa , Mota Carlos Bolli , Rhoden Eduardo Costa , Filippin Nadiesca Taisa
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) causes impairments in postural control and mobility that affect the individual´s independence. Manual therapy has been used in the treatment of these disorders and can change mobility and postural control. Objective: to assess the immediate effects of an approach in high cervical and occipitomastoid on postural control and mobility of individuals with PD. Methods: three individuals with PD, females, aged 52 to 73 years, participated in this case series. Participants were assessed immediately before and after therapeutic intervention through releases of suboccipital muscles and occipitomastoid sutures. Trunk mobility, functional mobility and postural control (center of pressure parameters - COP) were evaluated. Results: all participants demonstrated improvements in trunk mobility. Participants 1 and 2 slightly improved functional mobility. Participants 1 and 2 showed a decrease in the medial-lateral displacement of the COP. All participants showed increases in at least one direction to the limits of stability. Conclusions: the results showed that the intervention appears more effective on trunk mobility. Variables related to postural control changed with no consistent pattern. Further studies could investigate the association of other manual therapy techniques and their effects on mobility and postural control in individuals with PD.
Produção de rabanete sob o efeito residual da adubação verde no consórcio de beterraba e rúcula
Authors: Oliveira A. K. , Lima J. S. S. , Bezerra A. M. A. , Rodrigues G. S. O. , Medeiros M. L. S.
Published: April 2016

Sistemas de cultivo com incorporação de adubos verdes podem preservar a capacidade produtiva do solo em longo prazo, oferecendo resíduos que proporcionarão melhorias nas condições físicas, química e biológica do solo tornando-o propício para a implantação de uma cultura sucedente. Diante disso, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar produção de rabanete sob o efeito residual da adubação verde no consórcio de beterraba e rúcula. O delineamento experimental usado foi em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram o efeito residual de quatro quantidades de flor-de-seda incorporadas ao solo (10, 25, 40 e 55 t ha-¹ em base seca). As características avaliadas na cultura do rabanete foram: altura e diâmetro de plantas, número de folhas, produtividade total e comercial de raízes, massa seca da parte aérea e de raízes. O efeito residual da incorporação de flor-de-seda ao solo na quantidade de 55 t ha-¹ proporcionou a maior produtividade de raízes comerciais de rabanete, e assim podemos afirmar que a adubação verde com flor-de-seda apresenta-se como uma prática promissora para o produtor de hortaliças em cultivo sucessivo.

Radish production under the residual effect of green manure in the consortium beet and arugula

Abstract: Cropping systems in with incorporation of green manures can preserve the productive capacity of the soil over time providing waste to the soil improvement in the conditions physical, chemical and biological, making it suitable for the implementation of a succeeding crop. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the radish production under the residual effect of green manure in the consortium beet and arugula. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications. The treatments were the residual effect of four amounts of fleur-de-silk incorporated into the soil (10, 25, 40 and 55 t ha-¹ dry basis). The characteristics evaluated in the radish production were: plant height, diameter, total and commercial yield of roots, dry weight of shoots and roots. The residual effect of the fleur-de-silk incorporation into the soil in the amount of 55 t ha-¹ provided the highest yield of commercial radish roots.  The green manure with fleur-de-silk was presented as a promising practice for the producer of vegetables in succeeding crop.
Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and developmental stage expression of a putative septin gene fragment from Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae).
Authors: Avicor Silas W , Wajidi Mustafa F F , Jaal Zairi , Yahaya Zary S
Published: April 2016

Septins belong to GTPases that are involved in vital cellular activities, including cytokinesis. Although present in many organisms, they are yet to be isolated from Aedes albopictus. This study reports for the first time on a serendipitous isolation of a partial septin sequence from Ae. albopictus and its developmental expression profile. The Ae. albopictus partial septin sequence contains 591 nucleotides encoding 197 amino acids. It shares homology with several insect septin genes and has a close phylogenetic relationship with Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus septins. The Ae. albopictus septin fragment was differentially expressed in the mosquito's developmental stages, with an increased expression in the adults.
A Brief Note on Agrippa I's Trip to Alexandria in the Summer of 38 CE
Authors: Gambetti Sandra
Published: April 2016

Philo of Alexandria states in
In Flaccum
that in 38 king Agrippa sailed out of Rome to reach his new kingdom (composed of the regions of Panaea, Batanaea, Gaulanitis and Trachonitis, and awarded to him by the emperor Gaius in the spring of 37) at the start of the blowing of the etesian winds—i.e. on around the last third of July. This would allow him to arrive in Alexandria at the end of July or beginning of August, from where he would proceed to reach his kingdom via land. Recently an article appeared in this journal which rejected this chronology, submitting, on the basis of cultural and numismatic evidence, an earlier date which anticipates Agrippa’s stay in Alexandria to the month of June. This article, on the basis of the same cultural and numismatic evidence, confirms the validity of Philo’s account: Agrippa was in Alexandria in August of 38 CE.
Shim῾on ha-Şadiq in his Historical Contexts
Authors: Amitay Ory
Published: April 2016

The identity and chronology of Shim῾on ha-Şadiq have been a subject of ongoing controversy for centuries. Three possible candidates have been suggested as Shim῾on ha-Şadiq: Shim῾on I and Shim῾on II—Şadoqite high-priests at both ends of the third century BC, as well as Shim῾on the Hasmonean. A re-examination of the evidence shows that the rabbinic Shim῾on ha-Şadiq cannot be identified exclusively with any of these candidates. Rather, he is a mythical
persona
based, to varying degrees, on all three.

Rabbinic Shim῾on ha-Şadiq thus represents the swansong of the Şadoqite dynasty in Jerusalem, and the rare respite from major violent conflict, enjoyed by the inhabitants of
Eretz-Israel
for the most part of the third century. It is the mythical nature of Shim῾on that enabled later rabbinic authors to connect his name with other, much later, historical events.
Figuring (out) Esau: The Rabbis and Their Others
Authors: Bakhos Carol
Published: April 2016

This article underscores Esau’s depiction in rabbinic literature and it calls attention to the use of eponymous biblical figures. Esau not only symbolises a real other, but, like Ishmael and the children of Keturah, he is a fabricated antipode to Israel. Both real historical events and the precedence of an archetype, a primordial Other that is articulated, reified, and transmuted throughout the rabbinic corpus, are contributing factors to this treatment of Esau. Thus, the article emphasises the importance of understanding those causes in light of rabbinic hermeneutic principles and practices.Moreover, it reflects on the reasons for the heavy-handed scholarly construal of Esau as Christianity, even though scholars of rabbinic literature doubtless agree that Esau is not always identified with Christianity. The stakes here have as much to do with understanding specific midrashim as they do with appreciating fundamental rabbinic hermeneutic practices.
An Ideology for American Yeshiva Students: The Sermons of R. Aharon Kotler, 1942-1962
Authors: Finkelman Yoel
Published: April 2016

In the years following World War II, Rabbi Aharon Kotler emerged as one of the most influential leaders in American Haredi Orthodoxy. Founder of BethMedrash Govoha, a yeshiva located in Lakewood, New Jersey, Kotler viewed full time Torah study as a central, indeed the central value, for Jewish men. This article is an attempt to identify the ways in which Kotler’s lectures were moving beyond the ideas of his Eastern European predecessors, and were articulating an ideology and theology that would motivate young Americans to abandon the upward mobility of American culture, and replace it with the poverty of a yeshiva life. This ideology is part of the reason that Beth Medrash Govoha, and the Haredi Judaism it pioneered, became so central in American Orthodoxy in the second half of the 20th century.
Oracles of Insurrection: The Prophetic Catalyst of the Great Revolt
Authors: Tomasino Anthony J.
Published: April 2016

The role of prophecy in the Great Revolt of 66–74 CE has been much debated. In this study, it is argued that prophetic activity did not initiate the revolt, but contributed to its spread. An important piece of evidence in this debate is the so-called ‘ambiguous oracle’ that Josephus claims was crucial in inspiring the rebels to resistance. We consider here the rhetorical function of this oracle in Josephus’ account of the war, but conclude that there is no compelling reason to dismiss the prophecy as the historian’s own invention. We then consider how this oracle served the cause of the rebel leaders. Finally we turn to the thorny issue of the identity of the oracle. We systematically present a case that the weight of evidence favours identification of the oracle with Daniel 9:24–27: the ‘seventy weeks’ prophecy that was a source of much chronomessianic speculation.
The Many Worlds of the Late Antique Diaspora: Supplements to the ‘Cambridge History of Judaism’ vol. IV
Authors: Millar Fergus
Published: April 2016

The fourth and final volume of the
Cambridge History of Judaism
, edited by Steven Katz, is an impressive achievement, covering a wide range of topics at a high level. But it also fails to make sufficient use of documentary evidence, both from the Land of Israel and from the Diaspora, and in particular of evidence which is either new or has been re-dated or reinterpreted. This review article points to some areas, for instance Jewish Aramaic, where documents on perishable materials or inscribed on stone could have made a contribution. But its main aim is to supplement the volume’s presentation of our evidence for Jewish life in Late Antiquity by surveying the sharply contrasting evidence from Eastern Europe and the Black Sea, Asia Minor, the Near East and above all Arabia, where the documentary evidence gives real substance to literary evidence for Jewish presence and influence in the period leading up to the preaching of Islam.
The Foundation of Bethsaida-Julias by Philip the Tetrarch
Authors: Kokkinos Nikos
Published: April 2016

Josephus (
Ant.
18.27) explicitly names Julia ‘the daughter’ of Augustus, distinguished from Livia/Julia ‘the wife’, as the person to whom the town of Bethsaida was dedicated. This must have taken place by 2 BCE when Julia was banished, denounced for multiple adulteries. The numismatist A. Kindler suggested that Josephus may be wrong and that Livia/Julia the wife would lie behind this dedication dated to 30/31 CE. Following Kindler, the archaeologists and theologians currently operating at et-Tell—identified by them as the site of Bethsaida-Julias—have produced many papers accusing Josephus of error. Reviewing the evidence, it is clear that the original suggestion should have never been made. By taking this opportunity, a problem of wider significance is underlined: the difference between the titles ‘Augusta’ and ‘Sebaste’ in west and east. Many documents attributed
a priori
to Livia, based only on the presence of her adopted name, could belong to Julia.
Pseudepigraphy in the ‘Zohar’
Authors: Freedman Daphne
Published: April 2016

Close in time, two of the most enduring works of the Middle Ages: the
Zohar
and the
Divine Comedy
have more in common than their era. Both writers are outstanding figures of their time, setting their personal stamp on it and wielding tremendous influence for this reason. Their impact and standing are discussed in relation to their innovative approach to the role of their works, in which both writers illustrated the consummation of the divine will within history and the role of their opus within this design.
The Link Between the Jewish–Christian Polemic and the Masorah Notes in Rashi’s Bible Commentary
Authors: Himmelfarb Lea
Published: April 2016

This article demonstrates how Rashi integrated the Masorah into his commentaries, utilising it in order to bolster the strength of his own ideological claims pertaining to the Jewish–Christian polemic. By relying upon the Masorah, Rashi lent credibility to his interpretations, even when they diverged from the simple meaning of the verse, for instance, when Rashi privileged exegetical-midrashic interpretations, encouraging his suffering people and refuting Christian claims, and when Rashi offered an alternate reading for verses that might have been interpreted as alluding to or substantiating Christian beliefs. Thus Rashi explained that
shiroh
(Ps. 42:9) does not mean his song; rather, it emphasises the
Shekhinah
’s continued presence (literally, dwelling) within Israel;
ḥerev
(Songs 3:7–8), the sword of the priests, is the Masorah;
be-suri
(Hos. 9:12) is not
besarai me-hem
; and neither
le-ḥelkah
nor
ḥelka’im
(Ps. 10:8, 10) alludes to the humbled and downtrodden Israelites.
The Variant Textual Readings in the Hebrew University Isaiah Scroll (1QIsa
b
)
Authors: Flint Peter W. , Ulrich Eugene
Published: April 2016

This article presents all the textual variants in the smaller Isaiah Scroll from Cave One (1Q8 or 1QIsa
b
), also known as the ‘Hebrew University Isaiah Scroll’, which preserves material ranging from Isa. 7:20 to 66:24. With respect to textual character, 1QIsa
b
has been classified as proto-Masoretic in view of its general affinity with the received Masoretic Text. For the forthcoming edition of 1QIsa
b
(vol. 32 in the series ‘Discoveries in the Judaean Desert’), a variant reading is determined wherever 1QIsa
b
differs from another Hebrew witness (Qumran scrolls, such as 1QIsa
a
, the MT as in the Leningrad Codex, or other Masoretic manuscripts and editions). In a few cases, the collation is against the Septuagint, but difference from the Greek is not a fixed criterion for determining a variant reading.
Philo on God as ‘archê geneseôs’
Authors: Bos Abraham P.
Published: April 2016

Philo talks about ‘creation’ from an Aristotelian perspective, but his language remains Platonic. Our image of Philo has been blurred by a tendency to read Aristotle’s philosophy through the glasses of the ancient commentator Alexander of Aphrodisias, and later through those of the German scholar W. Jaeger. In this paper the position is defended that Philo replaced Plato’s ‘Maker’ metaphor by the Aristotelian concept of God as
archê geneseôs
or ‘Begetter’ of all living nature.
Daniel as Mediator of Divine Knowledge in the Book of Daniel
Authors: Makiello Phoebe
Published: April 2016

In this article I examine the epistemological value of visions in the Book of Daniel and analyse the seer’s gradual increase in understanding of the divine and of divinely revealed secrets concerning the terrestrial realm. I find that the visionary’s progress both in knowledge and to some extent in stature is dependent upon the type of vision. It is most effective when he receives message visions, that is, where the vision contains a speech delivered by an angel or other supernatural being. Greater knowledge of the divine world and of future earthly happenings can also be acquired, though less successfully, through symbolic visions if they are explained to the visionary either by a man enjoying the protection of God (Daniel, who interprets the kings’ visions), or by an angel (for instance, the angel of the presence who interprets Daniel’s vision). The ritual and spiritual preparation of the seer, as well as the type of vision, has a significant impact upon the visionary’s capacity to acquire greater knowledge in both the Aramaic and the Hebrew portions of the Book of Daniel.
Religious Variety and the Temple in the Late Second Temple Period and its Aftermath
Authors: Goodman Martin
Published: April 2016

This article challenges the standard picture that religious variety within Judaism before 70 CE was focused on the Temple, and that variety was replaced by unity in 70 when the Temple was destroyed. Evidence is presented that different groups shared the Temple despite their disagreements on how the cult should be organised, and it is argued that the loss of this shared institution did not cause such groups to disappear, although it may have made it easier for them to ignore each other.
Qohelet 6:9—It Looks Better than it Tastes
Authors: Pinker Aron
Published: April 2016

Qohelet 6:9a is not a
gut-spruch
. It highlights the disparity between appearance and reality, which introduces uncertainty in knowledge that is at the base of man ignorance and Qohelet’s skeptical outlook. The disparity between ‘seen’ and ‘is’ makes everything vague as לבה, and the disappointment in unmet expectations qualifies it as חור תוער. Qoh. 6:9 should be rendered:
Better the sight of the eyes, then what goes in the throat, That too, vapour, and chasing of wind.
Rabbinical Courts in France in the Twelfth Century: Centralisation and Dispersion
Authors: Reiner Avraham Rami
Published: April 2016

This article demonstrates the existence of a hierarchical rabbinical court system in northern France in the twelfth century. In the second half of the century this system was headed by the court of Rabbenu Tam, active in Ramerupt, near Troyes. This ‘appellate court’ cancelled the rulings of other courts, including those of the central court in Paris. Most of the appeals that were directed to the Ramerupt court concerned divorces, while it did not review civil law cases. I suggest that this discrepancy was caused by Rabbenu Tam’s desire to establish uniform halakhah and practice throughout France in the realm of divorce law. As regards civil law, however, he tended to reinforce the authority of the local courts, whose members came from the scholarly elite, at the expense of the traditional communal leadership.
From Their Bread to Their Bed: Commensality, Intermarriage, and Idolatry in Tannaitic Literature
Authors: Rosenblum Jordan D.
Published: April 2016

In the tannaitic corpus, a novel innovation appears: sharing bread is understood to lead to sharing a bed. As such, the Tannaim problematise and marginalise commensal interactions between Jews and non-Jews. In several instances, commensality with non-Jews is equated with idolatry, the binary opposite of Jewishness in rabbinic literature. While this connection is absent from Hebrew Bible texts and, at best, inchoate in a handful of Second Temple period sources, it is explicit in later amoraic literature. This article explores the gap between these corpora: tannaitic literature, in which we first encounter the rabbinic connection between bread and bed.
Hebrew-script tombstones from Jām, Afghanistan
Authors: Hunter Erica C. D.
Published: April 2016

Five tombstones with Judaeo-Persian inscriptions emerged during the season of the
Minaret of Jām Archaeological Project
that was conducted at Jām, Afghanistan during 2005. The collection includes three new inscriptions (Inscriptions 1, 3 and 4) as well as two previously published inscriptions (Inscriptions 2 and 5). Three are dated to the mid-twelfth century. As well as offering fresh and revised readings of the inscriptions, the relative scarcity of the material, combined with the precariousness of its physical preservation, occasioned documenting the deterioration and damage that has occurred in several instances. The inscriptions’ usage of Persian loan-words, particularly in the dating formulas, in combination with Hebrew proper names indicates that the Jewish community at Fīrūzkūh was Persian-speaking. Revealing the community’s mercantile role, the inscriptions also provide tangible evidence about the religious demography of Afghanistan during the medieval Ghurid dynasty.
Between Catholic Israel and the ‘K’rov Yisrael’: Non-Jews in Conservative Synagogues (1982-2009)
Authors: Ferziger Adam S.
Published: April 2016

Throughout much of the twentieth century, non-Jewish family members of intermarried Jews were completely excluded from membership and active ritual life in American Conservative congregations. The unprecedented rise of intermarriage rates during the last decades of the twentieth century caused many within the movement to reconsider such policies. This article focuses on American Conservative Judaism since the early 1980s and the original approaches that it has adopted toward non-Jewish spouses of Jewish individuals as well as other non-Jewish family members. This issue offers a new perspective on the internal difficulty manifest in the classic Conservative concept of ‘Catholic Israel’.
A Brief History of the Second Temple Period Name ‘Hyrcanus’
Authors: Machiela Daniel A.
Published: April 2016

The late Israelite / early Jewish name ‘Hyrcanus’ has proven an enigma to ancient and modern historians of Judaism, especially in terms of its etymology. With the introduction of a possible Aramaic occurence of the name among the Dead Sea Genesis Apocryphon, ‘Hyrcanus’ is now beset by further complications; some scholars suggesting that the Aramaic form is altogether different than the Greek name, while others assume a direct correspondence. Drawing on a wide array of etymological and historical data, this essay seeks to lay out clearly the various problems and previously proposed solutions in the debate over the name, examining the strengths and weaknesses of each. The result of the study is a new thesis that groups all of the name’s variant morphologies under a single, Egyptian theophore, and thereby sheds light on its employment in Judaism—especially in connection with the Hasmonean dynasty.
Methodological Musings on the Study of ‘Kelalei Pesak’: ‘Hilkheta ke-Rav be-issurei ve-khi-Shemuel be-dinei’
Authors: Milgram Jonathan S.
Published: April 2016

This article analyses one set of principles of adjudication,
hilkheta ke-Rav be-issurei ve-khi-Shemuel be-dinei
, ‘the law is according to Rav in ritual matters and according to Shemuel in civil matters’. It demonstrates the methodological advantages and limitations of investigating primary textual witnesses of the Babylonian Talmud (Geniza fragments, medieval manuscripts and first printed editions) and medieval Jewish legal literature (Geonim and Rishonim) for dating principles of adjudication. Although the data collected do not enable definitive conclusions for dating the principle concerning Rav, an Oriental Geniza fragment of Talmud along with the commentaries and rulings of medieval Spanish authorities yield the conclusion that the rule concerning Shemuel can be dated to the post-talmudic period.
Pregnancy without sexual relations in medieval thought
Authors: Emanuel Simcha
Published: April 2016

This article deals with the various medieval versions of belief in the possibility of conception without sexual relations – either in a bath, from the semen of a man who bathed there, or by sheets on which a man had lain. This notion is frequently cited in the name of the outstanding Muslim savant Ibn Rushd (Averroes, b. 1126), but our research shows that Ibn Rushd never wrote this, and this opinion was added only in the Latin translation of his book. The Latin translation of Ibn Rushd’s book influenced medieval Christian scholars, as well as Jewish Tosaphists, in France in the end of the 13th century. The halakhic discussions of the Tosaphists in this issue, which did not have a lot of importance in their days, became the cornerstone in the modern halakhic discussions about some aspects of artificial insemination – a procedure that indeed enable conception without sexual relations.
Custom, ordinance or commandment? The evolution of the medieval monetary-tithe in Ashkenaz
Authors: Galinsky Judah
Published: April 2016

In this study the author describes the evolution of the medieval monetary-tithe (
ma‘sar kesafim
) in Germany from the late twelfth century until the fifteenth century. He traces the references to the practice found in rabbinic literature and describes the developments that occurred in terms of its practice and with regard to its perception. The monetary-tithe first appears in rabbinic sources in the late twelfth century and early thirteenth century as an established practice, but one whose character is that of a pious custom. Later on, during the late thirteenth century, there is evidence that in certain communities the tithe became part of public policy, as part of an initiative to organize communal charity. And finally during the fifteenth century, again at least in certain areas, the practice is described as a rabbinic commandment incumbent upon all segments of society.
Tiqqun ‘olam
(repairing the world) in the Mishnah: from populating the world to building a community
Authors: Mor Sagit
Published: April 2016

Tiqqun ‘olam
is an elusive concept in Jewish thought. In halakhic sources the term is not defined, yet it is invoked in the Mishnah as the justification for a variety of rabbinic
taqqanot
/enactments. The concept of
tiqqun ‘olam
originated during the end of the Second Temple period. This term first appears in a dispute between Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel (
mGittin
4:5). The concept of
tiqqun ‘olam
began to change during the Ushah period as a result of the harsh political, demographical and economic conditions following the Bar-Kokhba revolt. The main change came at the end of the Mishnaic period, with the editing of the
tiqqun ‘olam
unit in tractate
Gittin
by R. Judah haNasi and his disciples. In this paper I trace the early life of the concept
tiqqun ‘olam
as it appears in the Mishnah, and expose the first layer of the development of the concept.
Rabbi’s successors: the later Jewish Patriarchs of the third century
Authors: Appelbaum Alan
Published: April 2016

Historians of the Patriarchate generally claim (1) that primogeniture was firmly in place at least by the time of R. Judah the Patriarch; (2) that Origen’s account of meeting a Patriarch is to be ignored (unlike his other, less plausible, claims of Patriarchal power), and (3) that two Patriarchs were called Judah Nesiah. This article challenges each aspect of that consensus. By drawing on anthropological studies of other dynasties, on the practices of Second-Temple Jewish dynasties and on studies of the reproductive patterns of ancient families; by taking Origen’s witness seriously, and by rereading Talmudic material, it proposes a different understanding of the identity, sequence, and dates of third-century Patriarchs to advance the understanding of the Patriarchate’s origins and to move toward refiguring the history of the Patriarchs as the history of a series of individual members of a dynasty rather than the history of an institution or an office.
‘Proselytes are as hard to Israel as a scab is to the skin’: A Babylonian talmudic concept
Authors: Lavee Moshe
Published: April 2016

The rabbinic statement ‘Proselytes are as hard to Israel as a scab’ played a significant role in a developed negative approach towards converts documented in the Babylonian Talmud. The lecturing voice of the Talmud systematically used the phrase to support negative legislation and statements extending its scope from genealogical contexts and discouragement of marriage with converts to prohibition of their acceptance. Although it is attributed to a Palestinian Amora, a series of comparative analysis reveals the functions of the phrase as part of a Babylonian conceptual fabric. Late contributors to the prolonged processes of formation of the Talmud brought their perspectives to the front by implanting the phrase in new literary contexts and constructs. This evolution of thoughts and ideas reflects growing concern in the demarcation of the boundaries of Jewish identity, probably inspired by the Sassanid cultural environment, by genealogical anxieties, and by a tendency towards social immobility.
Reconsidering the question of separate seating in ancient synagogues
Authors: Spigel Chad
Published: April 2016

Before the twentieth century most scholars thought that men and women sat separately in ancient synagogues. However, in the late twentieth century Shmuel Safrai and Bernadette Brooten argued that there was neither literary nor archaeological evidence of separate seating in ancient synagogues. Their arguments eventually led to a new scholarly consensus, recently articulated by Lee Levine: ‘there can be little doubt that throughout late antiquity, Jews gathered in the synagogue for ritual purposes without making any distinctions in seating arrangements for males and females’. The following article suggests that instead of a uniform situation where men and women either sat together or sat separately in ancient synagogues, the literary, archaeological, and cultural evidence allows for both possibilities, and therefore synagogue seating must be considered on a case-by-case basis.
The influence of Isaac Ibn Ghayyat on Abraham Ibn Ezra’s commentary on Ecclesiastes
Authors: Gómez-Aranda Mariano
Published: April 2016

In his commentary on Ecclesiastes, written in Arabic and accompanied by an Arabic translation of the biblical text, Ibn Ghayyat uses linguistics, grammar, philosophy, science, and other subjects to make his own interpretations. A similar approach is found in Ibn Ezra’s commentary on this book. In this paper, I will analyze how Ibn Ezra’s commentary on Ecclesiastes is influenced by that of Ibn Ghayyat, especially in questions of linguistics, science and philosophy. Some of Ibn Ezra’s explanations are similar to those of Ibn Ghayyat, although Ibn Ezra never refers to him by name. Some of the opinions attributed to ‘other commentators’ by Ibn Ezra can be found in Ibn Ghayyat’s work. Ibn Ghayyat’s commentary on Ecclesiastes is one of the most important sources that Ibn Ezra uses when interpreting this biblical book.
Divorcing Lilith: from the Babylonian incantation bowls to the Cairo Genizah
Authors: Bohak Gideon , Levene Dan
Published: April 2016

One of the striking features of ancient Jewish magic is the disappearance of numerous magical spells and formulae that are known to us from the Babylonian Aramaic incantation bowls; spells that come to be absent from the register of later Jewish magic. In the present paper we present one exception to this general rule, by editing a Genizah fragment (Hebrew Union College 1029) that contains a spell which is well attested in the incantation bowls. The fragment in question was copied in the twelfth century as part of a larger magical recipe book. One of its recipes, entitled ‘A deed of divorce for Lilith’, contains an anti-demonic
get
(divorce formula) which is attested in several different versions in the Babylonian incantation bowls, produced half a millennium earlier. In our paper, we offer a synopsis of all these versions, and a detailed assessment of the significance of this discovery.
‘Who resembles you? But they resemble you’: Israel and the apophatic in Yannai
Authors: Novick Tzvi
Published: April 2016

Yannai, one of the most influential and prolific liturgical poets in Jewish Palestine in the Byzantine period, frequently introduces negative terms to express God’s transcendence, especially in his
silluq
poems. The current article collects and analyses cases in which such celebrations of God’s transcendence are checked or qualified by reference to the people of Israel, whom Yannai describes in similarly apophatic terms. I contextualize this theologically charged rhetorical reflex through comparison with contemporary Christian apophatic theology and the exaltation of God in the
hekhalot
literature.
Zionism and violence in Albert Einstein’s political outlook
Authors: Ashkenazi Ofer
Published: April 2016

This article examines Albert Einstein’s reaction to the violent clashes between Jews and Arabs in Palestine in 1929. During the 1920s, Einstein had become a prominent advocate of two seemingly incompatible causes, pacifism and Zionism. A close reading of his writings following the 1929 riots shows that he perceived both Zionism and pacifism as practical methods to counter the lure of modern nationalism and the political structure it entails, the unlimited sovereignty of the state. What he perceived as a nationalist turn within the Zionist camp prompted him to contemplate alternative strategies for the restriction of state power. In this respect, the formation of a peaceful Arab–Jewish symbiosis was a test case for his views. The bilateral rejection of his solution for the conflict was the first in a series of developments that caused him to shift his support from abolishment to regulation of violence.
Cases of linguistic incompleteness in the Tosefta
Authors: Bernasconi Rocco
Published: April 2016

This article examines the literary relationships between Mishnah and Tosefta, pointing out that neither document ever explicitly acknowledge the existence of the other. Despite sharing a common thematic and literary structure, as well as much of their wording, their historical relationship(s) are not made explicit on the text surface. From a literary point of view, overlaps should not be taken as evidence of the dependence of one text on the other. Yet this article presents cases where the text of the Tosefta is linguistically incomplete, which indicates dependence on the wording of another text. In some cases the linguistic incompleteness can be resolved by reading the passages of the Tosefta in the light of parallel passages in the Mishnah, whereas in other cases the text in the Mishnah does not match that in the Tosefta, and so the existence of a further source might be postulated.