bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using the ECG in the early detection of right ventricular myocardial infarction
Authors: Spiers Christine
Published: October 2014

The diagnosis, management and treatment of right ventricular myocardial infarction (MI) is significantly different to the more commonly encountered acute MI which primarily involves the left ventricle. A right ventricular MI often occurs concommitantly as an inferior or posterior wall acute MI, thereby endangering a larger area of myocardium. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a powerful clinical tool in the diagnosis of acute MI. However, the standard 12-lead ECG does not provide an effective view of the right ventricular wall. It is therefore important to carefully interpret the standard 12-lead ECG if right ventricular MI is suspected. In this article the addition of right precordial leads is recommended to improve diagnosis and the research supporting this practice is discussed.

The classic symptoms that are associated with inferior or posterior wall infarction: hypotension, raised jugular venous distension and clear lung fields are also strong indicators of right ventricular MI. Early diagnosis is essential as the haemodynamic consequences and management of right ventricular MI and an infarction primarily affecting the left ventricle may be markedly different. This article will discuss the importance of ensuring that the correct treatments are provided as there may be serious adverse affects if a a misdiagnosis is made and incorrect treatment given.
Do all heart failure patients need to be under the care of a cardiologist?
Authors: Young S , Copeland P , Kenny C , Gibbins A , Dixon G
Published: October 2014

The heart failure team at a district general hospital undertook an audit of elderly patients (aged 80 years and above) admitted with a primary diagnosis of heart failure under the care of medical or care of the elderly (COTE) teams (n=56) or cardiology teams (n=160). Similar signs and symptoms of heart failure were seen in both groups and both had similar degrees of functional impairment. Patients admitted by the medical/COTE teams were less likely to be prescribed an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or β-blocker, usually because of well recognized contraindications. They also had more co-morbidities, were more socially isolated, and were at greater risk of hospital readmission. These patients would benefit from secondary care specialist heart failure nurse input in terms of support, discharge planning, self management, early clinic follow-up and attention to prescribing issues. An individual, tailored approach is essential, drawing on the expertise of medical and COTE teams with the specialist input of a heart failure nurse. This shared-care approach means that not all heart failure patients need to be under the cardiologist's care to receive individualized evidence-based care.
A guide to academic essay writing in cardiac nursing
Authors: Hatchett Richard
Published: October 2014

A variety of assessment methods are used in cardiac nurse education, with academic essay writing forming a part of many courses or related modules. This paper reviews a step-by-step approach to optimizing the chances of success in writing an academic essay for submission to a higher education institution and generally refers to degree-level work. Good time management to prepare and structure the essay is encouraged. The terms ‘critical analysis’ and ‘evaluation’, often attributed to degree level work are explored, with advice on how to structure the essay and consider what the marker may be expecting from the assignment. The use of a clear introduction, conclusion and adherence to the referencing system are all discussed.
Should the NHS look to the USA for a new paradigm?
Authors: Bowden David
Published: October 2014

This article presents the perspective of a doctor working with adults with learning disabilities in the USA public sector who has been observing the UK government’s ambitions to move toward a more market-driven healthcare system. Problems associated with the culture of market-driven healthcare in the USA are explored to unveil compounded dimensions of complexity within; some posed by deeply entrenched cultural and socioeconomic variability between states. For the observer, generalisation from explorations of such a system becomes exquisitely problematic and particularly confounding with respect to social service policy. One element does emerge as consistent between ideological opinions pertaining to social responsibility and public health in both the UK and USA—both seem to rely more on the political leanings of the observer, rather than his/her particular geographical location.
Barriers to evidence-based prescribing in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Clive Ballard
Published: October 2014

The Alzheimer's Society (2013) estimates that only 46% of people with dementia in the UK receive a diagnosis. Therefore, it is clear that many individuals do not receive access to the support and treatment which is so necessary. One important aspect of treatment is pharmacological management. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2011) now recommends acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) for people with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and memantine for people with severe AD and for people with moderate AD who are unable to tolerate AChEI. However, despite evidence of significant benefits of pharmacological treatment only 10% of dementia patients receive AChEI or memantine—this figure remaining much the same since 2008. In addition to the beneficial clinical outcomes of these treatments in the slowing of cognitive and functional decline, health economic analyses also indicate that they are cost effective. While anti-dementia drugs are significantly underprescribed to the detriment of people with AD, the over-prescription of antipsychotic medications for the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) has also led to significant harms to people with AD and other dementias. There is now evidence-based guidance for tailored psychosocial interventions for BPSD, which include the promotion of positive activities, exercise and specific psychological therapies. It is imperative that health and care professionals continue to work to ensure that pharmacological and psychological treatments for people with dementia are optimal and in line with national guidelines and the evidence base.
Suicide and self-injury: a recovery based approach
Authors: Wadey Emma , Trenchard Steve , Knowles Paul
Published: October 2014

This article describes a new training programme for clinical staff working with those who present with self-injurious and suicidal behaviour using a recovery focused approach to promote safety and manage risk. The two-day programme was developed and piloted initially in a high secure setting before being adapted for multi-mental health settings. It was subject to rigorous review and reflects the current literature base for high-quality and effective care for working with people who engage in suicidal and self-injurious behaviours. The early indicators are that the introduction of a skills-based training approach to caring for those who pose a risk to themselves does increase staff awareness and improve staff attitude and competencies. The training course described is unique because it fully embraces the recovery approach, demonstrating a truly collaborative model of risk assessment and personal safety planning.
Whistleblowers: heroes or villains?
Authors: Tingle John
Published: October 2014

John Tingle discusses a recent report by the House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts on whistleblowing and reflects on the forthcoming Francis Independent Review of Whistleblowing in the NHS.
Keeping an eye on things
Authors: Freshwater Ed
Published: October 2014

Whether you're steering clear of buses, watching your children play, or measuring the weight of your patients, there's no substitute for the power of observation, writes Ed Freshwater
Engaging staff to deliver compassionate care and reduce harm
Authors: Day Helen
Published: October 2014

The delivery of compassionate care leads to safer care but this will only occur with an engaged workforce under effective leadership. In addition, there is a need to understand the behaviours that drive nurses to make particular decisions about care. This article describes the pilot of a simple survey tool (ENGAGE) to ascertain levels of staff engagement to use as an enabler of effective change. It also describes a unique pilot initiative of focus group work, quality improvements and leadership coaching on two hospital wards. This work centred on the patient–nurse relationship and challenged the traditional teaching of preventing harm. Initial results were promising: while many staff did not feel nurtured or guided by their manager or acknowledged by the senior team, they did feel glad to come to work and empowered to improve patient care. Three months after the first ENGAGE survey, a repeat found significantly improved levels of engagement. Alongside this were improvements in avoidable harms and patient experience. Staff were motivated to improve care and admitted they did not really see their patients as individuals with identity and personality. Managers were motivated to improve engagement and take their wards forward.
PREMs in inflammatory arthritis: from guidelines to standard practice
Authors: Palmer Deborah , Miedany Y El
Published: October 2014

There is now a widespread realisation that patients' views are not incidental to, but essential to, achieving high-quality care. However, despite increasing awareness of its potential value, patient experience is not routinely assessed in inflammatory arthritis patients at present. In fact, use of patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) to evaluate the patients' management and the quality of services remains a challenge. In contrast with cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), adopting a PREMs approach in inflammatory arthritis patients is difficult because of a lack of tools and approach. This article discusses how the guidelines can be translated into standard clinical practice, creating a ‘therapeutic alliance’ between the health professional and patients. It will also present a novel tool for use of PREMs, which can be used in routine clinical care.
Tackling HPV and cervical cancer: Looking at the whole picture
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: October 2014

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is expected to further reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by cervical cancer. While some professionals and members of the public remain sceptical, increasing evidence highlights the vaccine's short- and long-term efficacy against HPV. Nevertheless, due to the malignancy's long natural history, there is no definitive evidence that vaccination prevents cervical cancer. In addition, HPV seems to be remarkably resilient to common disinfectants, raising the prospect of non-sexual transmission. As some cervical cancers seem to be HPV negative and current vaccines do not protect against all the carcinogenic subtypes, school nurses need to reiterate the importance of screening, during, for example, sex education.
Reviewing sex and relationships education in your schools
Authors: Hassall Annamarie
Published: October 2014

The time is ripe to review your school's sex and relationships education policy. Anna Marie Hassall offers some advice for schools on developing appropriate SRE policies and on consulting with parents and school staff.
Supporting the delivery of effective pastoral care
Authors: Quinlivan Marie
Published: October 2014

Promoting students' personal and social development is essential and school nurses can play an important role in supporting the delivery of pastoral care. Marie Quinlivan comments on some of the potential barriers to effective pastoral care and ways in which these can be addressed.
Looking at resources to support students with eating disorders
Authors: Forward Catherine
Published: October 2014

This series of articles aims to gather health promotion resources on specific themes relevant to school nursing practice. This month, Catherine Forward looks at eating disorders.
Interstitial lung disease
Authors: Scullion Jane , Holmes Stephen
Published: October 2014

Jane Scullion and Stephen Holmes provide an overview of interstitial lung diseases, their diagnostic investigations and treatment options
Closing the compassion gap
Authors: Bradley Andy
Published: October 2014

Nurse's must put themselves first in order to take better care of others, writes Andy Bradley
Conceptions of Transitional Justice in Somalia: Findings of Field Research in Mogadishu
Authors: Abdullahi (Baadiyow) Abdurahman M.
Published: October 2014

This article is part of a larger research project on popular conceptions of transitional justice in Somalia and is based on a 2012 survey of 30 individuals currently living in Mogadishu who directly experienced or witnessed gross human rights violations after 1991. Their testimonies indicate that targeted and random murders, gang violence against civilians, and rape were the most commonly experienced violations. The article then presents a summary and analysis of opinions on the most “acceptable” mechanisms for redressing past injustices. While the Somali clan culture of collective responsibility for crimes remains in existence, the research found that more than half of the respondents believe in individual responsibility for the crimes that have been committed. In terms of addressing past violations, our interviewees gave precedence to the role of traditional authorities over modern ones (national and international actors), and to some form of Shari'a legal redress over exclusive reliance on customary law (xeer) or international law. However, the most common popular conception of Shari'a is legalistic and focused on hudud punishments rather than on holistic Islamic approaches to justice. Our survey showed that modern understandings of transitional justice are limited among the general population and mostly confined to a small number of members of the educated elite in Somalia.
National advisory board on diabetes mellitus: unsolved issues and new opportunities for diabetes treatment
Authors: Galstyan Gagik Radikovich
Published: October 2014

In June 2014, the national experts on diabetes mellitus discussed the opportunities to improve the efficacy and outcomes of diabetes treatment using the strategy of patient-oriented care in diabetes. Insulin degludec (Tresiba?) is a new basal ultra-long-acting insulin analogue with a flat, stable glucose-lowering profile, ultra-long duration of action (>=42 h) and less within-patient day-to-day variability in glucose-lowering effect compared with currently available basal insulins. In the clinical trial programme, insulin degludec showed a similar glycaemic control compared with insulin glargine using the same insulin dose, but with a lower risk of hypoglycaemia and a greater flexibility in the time of dosing on a daily basis, when needed. Thus, the use of insulin degludec in routine clinical practice provides an effective and improved treatment for type 1 and 2 diabetes. The simple algorithm titration of insulin degludec offers the opportunity to personalise treatment regimens according to the needs of each patient.
Podocyte injury in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bobkova Irina Nikolaevna , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna , Shchukina Anna Alexandrovna
Published: October 2014

The mechanisms of podocyte injury and their correlation with metabolic and haemodynamic disorders in diabetes mellitus are considered in detail; the results of the last experimental and clinical studies on this problem are presented in this review. Authors shined the biomarkers, reflecting expressiveness of podocytopathy and structural and functional glomerular changes at diabetic nephropathy. Modern possibilities of treatment for their correction to prevent diabetic nephropathy progression are discussed.
Analysis of epidemiological indices of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the adult population of Moscow
Authors: Kalashnikova Marina Fedorovna , Suntsov Yury Ivanovich , Belousov Dmitriy Yur'evich , Kantemirova Maria Alekseevna
Published: October 2014

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that presents a global medical problem. It is necessary to implement an in-depth analysis of the epidemiological situation of type 2 diabetes mellitus for planning and organizing specialized medical help to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim. To rate the basic epidemiological indices of type 2 diabetes mellitus in actual clinical practice using the informational database of national registry of diabetic patients. Materials and methods. Epidemiological analyses were performed in two administrative districts of Moscow. From 1999 to 2011 48978 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were aged 18 years and older were registered. We used methods of clinical, analytical and statistical epidemiology with elements of descriptive research. Results. The prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 1590 per hundred thousand, most patients were in the 60?64 and 70?74 age groups, and approximately 80% of patients were older than 55 years. The morbidity rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 138,72 per hundred thousand and was found to be higher in women at 1,89. The mortality rate of adult patients with diabetes mellitus was 0,83, mostly in men of all ages. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for most of the registered cases of deaths (34,4%). The average life expectancy appeared to be 75,24?0,45 years, although women lived 6 years longer than men. The average duration of the disease was 10,04?0,34 years. A total of 0,4% of patients underwent hospital treatment and the average length of treatment was 17?18 days. The total number of days of disablement was an average of 307,33?30,13 days (80% of patients were older than 55 years). In the study group, a mean grade of НbА1c
Adipokines in metabolic processes regulating during obesity treatment
Authors: Litvinova Larisa Sergeevna , Vasilenko Maria Alexandrovna , Zatolokin Pavel Anatol'evich , Aksenova Natalya Nikolaevna , Fattakhov Nikolay Sergeevich , Vaysbeyn Igor Zinov'evich , Mironyuk Natalya Ivanovna , Kirienkova Elena Vital'evna
Published: October 2014

Bariatric surgery serves as a model for the assessment of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) reduction and changes in adipokine production and for exploring the endocrine function of the pancreas in patients who do not have the proximal part of the small intestine. Aim.  of the study was to assess the biochemical parameters and plasma levels of adipokines [adiponectin, adipsin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), resistin and visfatin], insulin, C-peptide, ghrelin and incretins [glucose insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)] in patients with morbid obesity after surgery (gastric bypass) and therapeutic correction. Materials and methods. A total of 75 patients (34 men and 41 women; age range: 24?67 years) diagnosed as obese were divided into two groups according to the treatment they received. Biochemical analysis was performed to estimate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism rates and plasma levels of adipokines (adiponectin, adipsin, leptin, PAI-1, resistin, visfatin), insulin, C-peptide, ghrelin and incretins (GIP and GLP-1) using the flow fluorometry. Results. Surgical treatment of obesity resulted in a significant decrease in BMI (from 45.67?9.87 to 32.45?5.35 kg/m2, p
The Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes in discordant and concordant families: 16 years of follow-up. Focus on the future
Authors: Titovich Elena Vital'evna , Kuraeva Tamara Leonidovna , Ivanova Olga Nikolaevna , Stepanova Svetlana Mikhailovna , Peterkova Valentina Alexandrovna , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich
Published: October 2014

For 40 years, research continues to improve the forecasting methods and the development of effective and safe methods of preventing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Аim. Prediction of the early preclinical stage of T1DM. Materials and methods. We studied the predisposing and protective haplotypes (HLA-DRB1, gene DQ) together with immunological markers (ICA, GADA, IAA) in 224 discordant/concordant families. Results. At the Endocrinology Research Centre, population and family risks of the development of T1DM in Russia were calculated on the basis of population genetic approaches. The analysis of the prevalence of HLA genotypes among T1DM patients revealed that the high-risk haplotypes in the structure of genotype(s) DQ2 and/or DQ8 in combination with the others were 78%: of these genotypes DQ2/DQ8, DQ2/DQ2, and DQ8/DQ8 accounted for 35%; DQ2/X* and DQ8/X* accounted for 43%; and the low-risk genotype Х*/Х* accounted for 22%. The genotype Х/Х consisted of weaker predisposing haplotypes that were specific to the Russian population in combination with neutral haplotypes or those consisting of neutral haplotypes only. The analysis of patients with T1DM genotypes revealed that high-risk genotypes (DQ2/DQ8) were more common in ill children up to the age of 5 (33% of cases) than in T1DM children over 10 years (23%) (p=0.05). Conversely, the low-risk genotypes were significantly less likely to be found in children with manifestations of diabetes up to 5 years than in sick people over 10 years [5% and 13%, respectively (p
»Ein Stück normale Beziehung«
Authors: Behrisch Birgit
Published: October 2014

Der Eintritt einer ›Körperbehinderung‹ in eine Paarbeziehung verändert meist nicht allein den Alltag der nun behinderten Person, sondern betrifft immer auch den/die Lebenspartner/in. Anhand von qualitativen Interviews bietet die wissenssoziologische Studie von Birgit Behrisch Einblicke in die individuellen und paarbezogenen Deutungs- und Aushandlungsprozesse betroffener Paare, mit denen sie die gemeinsam geteilte Erfahrung von ›Behinderung‹ im privaten Raum der Paarbeziehung gestalten und bewältigen. Die befragten Paare thematisieren Aspekte von Selbstständigkeit, Unterstützung und Normalität und erarbeiten im Rahmen ihrer Vorstellungen und Ressourcen jeweils eigene Antworten für ihren Paaralltag.
Teilnahme an Weiterbildung in der Migrationsgesellschaft
Authors: Heinemann Alisha M.B.
Published: October 2014

Mit dem demographischen Wandel steigt aktuell der Anteil von Personen mit einem sogenannten Migrationshintergrund in den nachwachsenden Generationen. Folglich nehmen auch die Ansprache neuer Zielgruppen als reguläre Weiterbildungsteilnehmende und deren Zugangsmöglichkeiten zu Weiterbildungseinrichtungen weiter an Bedeutung zu. Alisha M.B. Heinemann untersucht Perspektiven und Weiterbildungsteilnahmegründe der heterogenen Gruppe von deutschen Frauen mit einem sogenannten Migrationshintergrund. Die differenzierte rassismuskritische Analyse öffnet neue Zugänge und Perspektiven in der Erwachsenenbildungsforschung und präsentiert Hintergrundwissen für die Weiterbildungspraxis.
Deutsche Frauen in den Südsee-Kolonien des Kaiserreichs
Authors: Rigotti Livia
Published: October 2014

Gestützt auf einen umfangreichen Quellenkorpus aus Briefen und Tagebüchern, kolonialen Publikationen und Archivakten untersucht Livia Loosen den Alltag deutscher Frauen in den so genannten »Südsee-Kolonien« des Kaiserreichs. Dabei legt sie besonderen Wert auf die Analyse der Beziehungen zur indigenen Bevölkerung sowie auf Fragen zum Geschlechterverhältnis und möglichen Emanzipationsspielräumen. Die Studie zeigt, dass sich die Situation in der Südsee in vielerlei Hinsicht von der im bisher deutlich besser untersuchten ehemaligen »Deutsch-Südwestafrika« unterschied, und bereichert den Forschungsstand zu Frauen im Kolonialismus um eine interessante Facette.
Warum werden Autoren vergessen?
Authors: Grube Christoph
Published: October 2014

In einer vergleichenden Untersuchung zu zwei Autoren aus der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts mit unterschiedlicher Rezeptionsgeschichte - Wilhelm Raabe und Paul Heyse - nimmt Christoph Grube detailliert die vielfältigen Entscheidungen in den Blick, die zur Kanonisierung bzw. Dekanonisierung des jeweiligen Autors führten. Über die konkreten Fälle hinaus validiert er bisherige Kanontheorien und entwirft anhand verallgemeinerbarer Mechanismen eine durch weitere Forschung zu überprüfende Theorie literarischer Kanonisierungsprozesse.
The Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN). Linking Local and Global Scales for Addressing an Ecological Consequence of Global Change
Authors: Kueffer Christoph , Daehler Curtis , Dietz Hansjörg , McDougall Keith , Parks Catherine , Pauchard Aníbal , Rew Lisa
Published: October 2014

Many modern environmental problems span vastly different spatial scales, from the management of local ecosystems to understanding globally interconnected processes, and addressing them through international policy. MIREN tackles one such “glocal” (global/local) environmental
problem – plant invasions in mountains – through a transdisciplinary, multi-scale learning process at the science-policy interface. The approach led to a new framing of invasions in mountains, and promoted innovation by engaging scientists and practitioners.
Transdisciplinary and Transformative Research at the Intersection between Management, Healthcare, and Innovation
Authors: Mettler Tobias , Rohner Peter , Winter Robert
Published: October 2014

The vision of the Competence Center Health Network Engineering is to support the public and private stakeholders of healthcare by means of practical and forward-looking artifacts. Transdisciplinary research approaches, such as the innovative inclusion of very diverse individuals
and groups of this domain, helps us to innovate our environment.
Transdisciplinarity in Practice. Experience from a Concept-based Research Programme Addressing Global Change and Sustainable Development
Authors: Hurni Hans , Wiesmann Urs
Published: October 2014

Our twelve-year North-South research programme aimed at better understanding global change and contributing to sustainable development in local to regional contexts. As this required collaboration among numerous disciplines, work with non-scientific stakeholders, and time for learning,
we designed a long-term, flexible, and participatory research approach that followed a clear concept, was responsive to changing environments and theories, allowed us to translate findings for policy and practice, and produced effective outcomes. For us, these qualities are the main elements
of transdisciplinarity.
Resilience and Real-life Laboratories as Key Concepts for Urban Transition Research Resilienz und Reallabore als Schlüsselkonzepte urbaner Transformationsforschung. Zwölf Thesen
Authors: De Flander Katleen , Hahne Ulf , Kegler Harald , Lang Daniel , Lucas Rainer , Schneidewind Uwe , Simon Karl-Heinz , Singer-Brodowski Mandy , Wanner Matthias , Wiek Arnim
Published: October 2014

In zwölf Thesen präzisiert der NaWis Verbund die Forschung zu urbaner Resilienz und Reallaboren.
Best Practice in Transdisciplinary Research – Swiss td-award Winners 2013
Authors: Zinsstag Jakob , Perrig-Chiello Pasqualina , Paulsen Theres , Truffer Bernhard
Published: October 2014

Transdisciplinary research plays an increasing role in topics of societal relevance and impact. The td-net of the Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences awards innovative transdisciplinary research every other year. The last td-award was given in 2013. This special focus
of GAIA features the six prize-winning projects, presenting short summaries of their work. Explaining its selection in the following introduction, the Jury of the td-net honours the awardees, and puts their work into a global perspective.
Quantification of piperacillin, tazobactam, cefepime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin and linezolid in serum using an isotope dilution UHPLC-MS/MS method with semi-automated sample preparation
Authors: Zander Johannes , Maier Barbara , Suhr Anna , Zoller Michael , Frey Lorenz , Teupser Daniel , Vogeser Michael
Published: October 2014

Recent studies have demonstrated highly variable blood concentrations of piperacillin, tazobactam, cefepime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin and linezolid in critically ill patients with a high incidence of sub-therapeutic levels. Consequently, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of these antibiotics has to be considered, requiring robust and reliable routine analytical methods. The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a multi-analyte ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of the above mentioned antibiotics.

Sample preparation included a manual protein precipitation step followed by two-dimensional ultra high performance liquid chromatography (2D-UHPLC). Corresponding stable isotope-labeled substances were used as internal standards for all of the analytes, with the exception of tazobactam. The injected sample volume was 7 μL. The run time was 5.0 min.

Inaccuracy was ≤8% and imprecision coefficient of variation (CV) was <9% for all analytes. Only minor matrix effects and negligible carry-over was observed. The method was found to be robust during the validation period.

We were able to develop a reliable 2D-UHPLC-MS/MS method addressing analytes with highly heterogeneous physico-chemical properties. The novel assay may be an efficient tool for an optimized process workflow in clinical laboratories for important antibiotics in regards to TDM.
A study on the relationship between polycarbonate microstructure and performance as determined by a combined experimental and molecular dynamics simulation method
Authors: Wang Xiujuan , Zheng Xiuting , Song Meng , Wu Sizhu
Published: October 2014

The influence of the microstructure of polycarbonate (PC) on performance was systematically investigated by both experimental method and molecular simulation. Yield stress, impact strength, molecular weight, and transmittance were used to distinguish the degradation processes between different PCs, and thermal degradation kinetics was studied to obtain the activation energy. At the molecular level, through 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, it was observed that PCs have a more polar group of benzene rings, resulting in the high density, dielectric constant, and tensile modulus. Meanwhile, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed under a polymer consistent force field force field. Specific volume and mechanical property were analyzed to investigate the thermodynamic property. The molecular dynamics simulation and experimental results on half decomposition temperature (T1/2), refraction index, flow activation energy, average density, cohesive energy density, glass transition temperature (Tg), and elastic modulus had good agreement. Therefore, it was indicated that the molecular simulation could successfully study the characteristics and properties. The fundamental studies would be expected to supply useful information for designing materials and optimizing processing technology.
Friends and relatives of BS(1,2)
Authors: Miller III Charles F.
Published: October 2014

Algorithms, constructions and examples are of central interest in combinatorial and geometric group theory. Teaching experience and, more recently, preparing a historical essay have led me to think the familiar group BS(1,2) is an example of fundamental importance. The purpose of this note is to make a case for this point of view. We recall several interesting constructions and important examples of groups related to BS(1,2), and indicate why certain of these groups played a key role in showing the word problem for finitely presented groups is unsolvable.
Optimized microemulsion production of biodiesel over lipase-catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil by response surface methodology
Authors: Tan Zhongqin , Zhang Xiaofang , Kuang Yingying , Du Huan , Song Lelian , Han Xiaoxiang , Liang Xinle
Published: October 2014

Production of biodiesel in water/oil (w/o) microemulsion system through a lipase-catalyzed (lipase from porcine pancreas) methanolysis of soybean oil was investigated. The independent factors were researched and response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the significant reaction variables, including w
0 (defined as the molar ratio of water to surfactant), lipase concentration, reaction time and substrate molar ratio. Results indicated that the optimal conditions for biodiesel preparation were: w
0 3.6, lipase concentration 4.3% (based on oil weight, g), reaction time 17 h and molar ratio (methanol/oil) 10.5. The actual fatty acid methyl ester yield (96.8%) coincided with the optimum predicted value (97.5%) under the optimal conditions. Fatty acid methyl ester synthesized in microemulsions directly which may provided a potential way to produce biodiesel microemulsion.
Light scattering characterization of lignosulfonate structure in saline solutions
Authors: Qian Yong , Deng Yonghong , Guo Yunqing , Li Hao , Qiu Xueqing
Published: October 2014

The solution behavior and molecular conformation of sodium lignosulfonates (NaLS) in saline solution has been studied by means of static and dynamic light scattering (LSstat and LSdyn). Results show that the salt content must be larger to eliminate the slow mode in LSdyn analysis of NaLS than that of the theory, and this discrepancy can only be explained by a modified microgel model. The higher salt amount is needed for the formation of a strong ionic gradient field between surface and the inner part of NaLS, which forces counter ions to penetrate into the inner part of NaLS to screen the small amount of charges. The NaLS single molecular shape can be described by an oblate spheroid based on the absolute molecular weight M
w and diffusion coefficients D. The best fitting result is semiaxis a=1.6 nm and axial ratio r=3.5, D=5.73×10-7 cm2 s-1, and the corresponding M
w=1.7×105 g mol-1.
Thermal modification of Southern pine combined with wax emulsion preimpregnation: effect on hydrophobicity and dimensional stability
Authors: Wang Wang , Zhu Yuan , Cao Jinzhen , Guo Xi
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was to enhance the water repellency and dimensional stability of thermally modified wood by combining the preimpregnation of paraffin wax emulsion. To achieve this, Southern pine (SP; Pinus spp.) samples were first impregnated with paraffin wax emulsion (with 2.0% solid content) and then subjected to thermal modification (TM) in an oven at 180°C and 220°C for 4 and 8 h. The contact angle (CA), surface free energy, water absorption rate (WAR), anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), and bending properties of the control and modified samples were investigated. Moreover, the chemical and morphological alterations were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both the wax impregnation and TM decreased the surface wettability, water absorption, and tangential swelling, while the combination of wax and thermal treatment exhibited the best water repellency and dimensional stability, indicating the synergism between the two procedures. However, the wax preimpregnation did not affect the mechanical properties of thermally modified wood. The FTIR, SEM, and XPS analyses confirmed that the synergistic effect is mainly due to the redistribution of the paraffin wax during TM rather than its impact on the chemical changes caused by thermal degradation.
Configuration Determination of Transition Metal Complexes by Multiple Scattering EXAFS Analysis: A Case Study
Authors: Bauer Matthias
Published: October 2014

A multiple scattering extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)
analysis of Ti(acac)2Cl2 is presented. With such an approach
the configuration of the ligands in this complex can be identified due
to the different multiple scattering events in the cis- and
trans-configuration. A thorough evaluation of the effects of
the different multiple scattering parameters (effective scattering
path, scattering order, number of scattering atoms) in combination
with the input structure is presented that reveals a complicated
correlation between these parameters which could lead to wrong results
with respect to the determined configuration. Finally, the optimal
procedure for this particular purpose is defined and described.
Filogeografía de Holothuria (Halodeima) inornata Semper, 1868 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
Authors: Prieto-Rios Elba , Solís-Marín Francisco Alonso , Borrero-Pérez Giomar Helena , Díaz-Jaimes Píndaro
Published: October 2014

Se evaluó la estructura genética de las poblaciones de Holothuria (Halodeima) inornata Semper, 1868, y se investigó cuáles podrían ser las barreras para el flujo de genes y procesos históricos. Se recolectaron muestras tratando de abarcar su ámbito de distribución, desde México hasta el norte de Perú. Con base en secuencias del gen COI se detectaron 118 haplotipos en 220 individuos y las diferencias entre dichos haplotipos fueron debidas a 97 sitios variables (21.41%) en los 453 pb secuenciados. Se observó una alta diversidad de haplotipos (h=0.979) y moderada diversidad nucleotídica (π=0.017). Para analizar la diferenciación genética, se utilizaron los valores de Fst, el test exacto de diferenciación poblacional y los análisis de varianza molecular (AMOVA). Estos análisis sugieren que existen dos poblaciones: las del norte, frente a las costas de: Sinaloa, Jalisco, Michoacán, Guerrero y Oaxaca; y las del sur, frente a las costas de: Chiapas, El Salvador, Panamá y Perú. Los acontecimientos históricos y los patrones oceanográficos podrían ser los principales factores que determinaron la dispersión y estructura de la población de H. inornata, es probable que la población original se haya extendido inicialmente en el sur y luego hacia el norte. Además, la separación entre estas dos poblaciones podría deberse al Golfo de Tehuantepec, el cual está constituido por una serie de eventos tectónicos y oceanográficos que constituyen una barrera para el asentamiento de H. inornata.
On Boundaries
Authors: Cabrera-Febola Walter
Published: October 2014

The exchange of information between natural entities is made through boundaries, this begs for a systematic study of them which so far has been lacking. Here, such study is provided, thus it begins by establishing a general conceptualization of boundary, which has been stated in a previous paper by the author, followed by the identification of some kind of boundaries. Thus, interface, limit, border and some of its kinds, and barrier are identified and conceptualized. Then, a partial study of some of the conceptualized boundaries is provided trying to analyze them as much as possible. Finally, a general discussion on the existence and importance of boundaries is given remarking the generality and robustness of the concept of boundary and its different kinds, hence its utility in science and technology is appreciated.
Revisión del genero de avipas sudamericanas Alophophion Cushman, 1947 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) - Erratum
Authors: Alvarado Mabel
Published: October 2014

En: Alvarado M. 2014. Revisión del genero de avipas sudamericanas Alophophion Cushman, 1947 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae). Revista peruana de biología 21(1): 003 - 060 (Mayo 2014), doi: http://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v21i1.8245La siguiente información sobre el deposito del material tipo no fue consignado: Holotype of Alophophion atahualpai esta depositado en el Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Peru (MUSM); y, holotipo de A. carcanchoi, A. coquimboensis y A. yestay estan depositados en el American Entomological Institute, USA (AEIC).Agradezco a Gavin Broad por su amable comunicación sobre este problema.
Automixer: equipment for the reduction of risks associated with inadequate oxygen supply
Authors: López Jesús A. , Araque Campo Robinson , Matiz Rubio Alejandro
Published: October 2014

In this paper, the AUTOMIXER, a medical support equipment for the reduction of risks associated with the inadequate supply of oxygen, is presented. The equipment automatically regulates the Inspired Oxygen Fraction (FIO2 concentration), which is supplied to the patient according to user parameters, measures of oxygen saturation and patient's status. The AUTOMIXER is based on a fuzzy control system, which was implemented in a microcontroller using a LookUp Table. The operation of the device was validated using simulated data and actual patients. The results show that the AUTOMIXER is an important tool for decreasing the incidence of pathologies related to unsuitable handling (excess or lack) of oxygen.
SiC Nanoparticle Composite Anode for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Shiratani Masaharu , Kamataki Kunihiro , Uchida Giichiro , Koga Kazunori , Seo Hyunwoong , Itagaki Naho , Ishihara Tatsumi
Published: October 2014

We present here performance of Li ion batteries with SiC nanoparticle-film anode, which is fabricated by a double multi-hollow discharge plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The first cycle of charge/discharge property of the Li ion battery with the SiC nanoparticle-film anode shows a high capacity of over 4,000 mAh/g, which is 12 times higher than the Li ion battery with the conventional graphite anode. The discharge capacity shows high stability for first 10th cycle, and is 3750 mAh/g for the 10th cycle.
Effect of doping on crystalline quality of rubidium titanyl phosphate (RTP) crystals grown by the TSSG method
Authors: Guo Jianqiu , Raghothamachar Balaji , Dudley Michael , Carvajal Joan J. , Butt Ali , Pujol Maria Cinta , Sole Rosam M , Massons Jaume , Aguilo Magdalena , Diaz Francesc
Published: October 2014

Defect structures in Rubidium Titanyl Phosphate (RTP) crystals (non-doped and doped) grown by the Top Seeded Solution Growth (TSSG) method were characterized using Synchrotron White Beam X-ray Topography. Main defects observed in non-doped crystals are growth sector boundaries while both growth sector boundaries and growth striations are observed in the Nb single doped and (Nb,Yb)-codoped crystals with relatively few linear defects such as dislocations. Results show that the overall crystalline quality is lowered as more doping elements are incorporated. Details of defect distributions are correlated with the growth process to facilitate high quality growth of doped RTP.
Influence of maintenance windows on the working capacity of railway route
Authors: M. I. Muzykin  , G. I. Nesterenko
Published: October 2014

Purpose. The article aims to analyze the stabilization process of train movement after interruption and loss of the working capacity. Methodology. To examine the process of train movement on the route (double-track line with sorting station) in extreme conditions during the maintenance windows for capital repair of the track. During the investigation of this process time calculations of a normal motion restoration after the maintenance windows were carried out. In this process there are no organizational interventions aimed to change various coefficients. It is presented in the research in its pure form, in order to show how the system comes to equilibrium. Findings. It was found out that the major losses of working capacityduring the maintenance windows occur as a result of perturbations caused by interruptions, not the interruptions in themselves. The actual idle time in the study is about 300 train-hours. Directly because of the maintenance window it is 129 train-hours. Losses were equal to more than half of total idle time of trains caused by the maintenance windows. Originality. The authors proved the possible reduction of working capacity losses on railway direction as a result of a deliberate action on this process. Practical value. Implementation of these actions will reduce the losses of the working capacity.
Influence of feeding electric energy quality on heating of the auxiliary machines of ac electric rolling stoc
Authors: Baliichuk O. Yu. , Dubynets L. V. , Dukhnovskyi O. M. , Marenych O. O. , Marenych O. L.
Published: October 2014

Purpose. The article aims to study the problem of increase the reliability of auxiliary machines for AC electric trains during operation in real conditions. Methodology. The peculiarity of system construction of auxiliary machines for AC electric rolling stock is the use of asynchronous motors for general industrial purpose. An engineering method of influence determination on the feeding voltage asymmetry and its deviation from the nominal value on heating of auxiliary machines insulation was proposed. Findings. It is found out that in case when the auxiliary machines of AC electric trains work under asymmetry factor of the voltage 10% or more and feeding voltage deviation from the nominal order 0.6 relative unit then it is possible the overheat of their isolation, even if it has class H. Originality. For the first time the issue of the total insulation heating under such boundary parameters combinations of energy quality, when each of them contributes to the heating insulation increase as compared to the nominal regime of the "rotating phase splitter−auxiliary machinery" system was illuminated. Practical value. Conducted research allow us to establish the boundary parameter values of feeding energy quality (asymmetry factor, feeding voltage deviations from the nominal value), at which additional isolation overheating of this class under the effect of specified factors will not exceed the agreed value.
Production of weldments from sintered titanium alloys
Authors: A. YE. Kapustyan  , A. V. Ovchinnikov  , I. A. Vakulenko
Published: October 2014

Purpose. Limited application of details from powder titanium alloys is connected with the difficulties in obtaining of long-length blanks, details of complex shape and large size. We can solve these problems by applying the welding production technology. For this it is necessary to conduct a research of the structure and mechanical properties of welded joints of sintered titanium alloys produced by flash welding. Methodology. Titanium industrial powders, type PT5-1 were used as original substance. Forming of blanks, whose chemical composition corresponded to BT1-0 alloy, was carried out using the powder metallurgy method. Compounds were obtained by flash welding without preheating. Microstructural investigations and mechanical tests were carried out. To compare the results investigations of BT1-0 cast alloy were conducted. Findings. Samples of welded joints of sintered titanium blanks from VT1-0 alloy using the flash butt welding method were obtained. During welding the microstructure of basic metal consisting of grains of an a-phase, with sizes 40...70 mkm, is transformed for the seam weld and HAZ into the lamellar structure of an a-phase. The remaining pores in seam weld were practically absent; in the HAZ their size was up to 2 mkm, with 30 mkm in the basic metal. Attainable level of mechanical properties of the welded joint in sintered titanium alloys is comparable to the basic metal. Originality. Structure qualitative changes and attainable property complex of compounds of sintered titanium alloys, formed as a result of flash butt welding were found out. Practical value. The principal possibility of high-quality compounds obtaining of sintered titanium alloys by flash welding is shown. This gives a basis for wider application of sintered titanium alloys due to long-length blanks production that are correspond to deformable strand semi finished product.