THE CURRENT STATE AND WAYS TO IMPROVE THE ORIENTATION OF YOUNG QUALIFIED ATHLETES’ TRAINING IN KAYAKING AND CANOEING
Authors: Diachenko Andrii , Wang Qian 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The data of classical and modern scientific and methodical literature testify that the formation of a structure of functional maintenance of special work capacity of qualified sportsmen is a long-term process which takes into account factors of physical development and regularities of formation of sports skill in a concrete sport [6, 7]. At the same time, there is a clear understanding that the development of functional capabilities of sportsmen, as well as the formation of the structure of functional support of special work capacity at the stages of sports improvement requires taking into account the specifics of a sport, a kind of sport, specialization, qualification, sex, age of sportsmen [2]. This affects the structure of special functional fitness of athletes and, as a result, requires the use of adequate means and methods of control, selection and orientation, modeling of training and fitness of athletes.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the orientation of training of athletes in kayaking and canoeing taking into account the complex manifestation of motor skills and energy supply.

Materials and methods. Young skilled athletes of China, girls and boys specializing in kayaking and canoeing - 100 athletes, winners of regional regattas and championships. Analysis of specialized literature. Measurements of gas exchange using the ergospirometric complex "Oxycon mobile". Biochemical measurements with Biosen S. line lab+. Testing of physical performance using the ergometer "Dansprint" and testing in the conditions of a training session. Methods of statistical analysis.

Results. The well-known indicators of physical fitness of rowers have a wide range of individual differences. This is evidenced by the average data and differences of the number of rowers who had five points - 14.3±6.1; three points - 37.8±13.5; one point - 47.9±14.6 on indicators of general physical fitness.

The priority physical qualities that influence the general level of physical fitness are determined - coordination, flexibility and balance, mobility of joints and muscles; flexibility; balance. All athletes who had the highest and average scores in functional fitness had high indicators of coordination, flexibility, joint and muscle mobility; balance. It is shown that a high level of development of the above physical qualities forms prerequisites for realization of functional reserves of an organism determined by indicators of aerobic power, glycolytic capacity, reactivity of reaction of pulmonary ventilation to increase of physiological tension of load.

Conclusions. The priority characteristics of physical fitness identified in the study affect neurodynamic functions, reactive properties of the cardiorespiratory system, and the reaction of the musculoskeletal system. They contribute to adaptation processes in the conditions of intense training competitive activity of young rowers.

The presented results of theoretical analysis and experimental research have created prerequisites for improving the target orientation of the training process of young rowers, defined a certain algorithm of actions that allows to realize the functions of selection and sports orientation as a component of the training process management. It forms certain prospects of the research in this direction.