bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Onset, Cessation, and Seasonality of Rainfall during Monsoon in Gujarat State of India
Authors: Lunagaria Manoj , Vijayakumar P. , Chaudhari N. J. , Bal S. K.
Published: March 2022

Rainfall onset, cessation and its temporal rainfall distribution is very important for monsoon based crop production. Climatic timeseries data of 26 stations of Gujarat state were chosen for the study. Year wise agroclimatic onset, cessation, length, and seasonality of rainy season were determined. Long term average over the timeseries were considered as climatic normals to characterize rainfall pattern to support kharif crop production. Onset starts in South Gujarat from 8th June and it cover the entire state by 6th July at Kutch, with large variation. Cessation of rainy season ranges from 6th September to 21st September in Gujarat. Length of active rainy season prevails from 66 days (at Bhachau) to 96 days (at Ubharat) with state mean of 81 days. Most part of the state has seasonal rainfall regime with dry periods. Rainfall seasonality monsoon season in Gujarat has not changed significantly during recent past.
Сalculation of double reflector mirror antenna by physical optics method with taking into account multiple reflections/
Authors:   Research Institute of Precise Constructions, 127490, Moscow, ul. Dekabristov, vladeniye 51, Lavretski E.I. , Chernyshov V.S. ,   Research Institute of Precise Constructions  127490, Moscow, ul. Dekabristov, vladeniye 51
Published: March 2022

Calculation of a double reflector Cassegrain antenna by physical optics method with taking into account multiple reflections between the reflector and the subreflector was performed. It was shown that the convergence of antenna characteristics (gain, antenna efficiency, side-lobe level) with the increase of accounting reflections is observed. To check the method of multiple reflections the same Cassegrain antenna was calculated by the method of electric field integral equation with the unknown surface electric currents on the reflector and the sub-reflector. The comparison showed the coincidence of the result obtained by two different methods. The calculation of gain and efficiency of a Cassegrain antenna in frequency range from 1 to 10 GHz was performed by physical optics method with multiple reflections.
Pengaruh layanan konseling kelompok menggunakan teknik adaptive terhadap kedisiplinan remaja di Lubuk Basung
Authors: Febriyani Annisa , Putra Dodi Pasila
Published: March 2022

Disiplin belajar merupakan ketaatan atau kepatuhan yang mengharuskan remaja mengikuti aturan yang berlaku dalam belajar. Disiplin sangat penting dalam kehidupan dan perilaku remaja. Layanan konseling kelompok adalah suatu layanan konseling yang menimbulkan hubungan yang hangat, akrab, terbuka dan nbergairah yang memungkinkan antaranggota saling memberi dan menerima. Melalui konseling kelompok individu mampu meningkatkan kemampuan pribadi serta mengatasi masalah-masalah pribadi secara berkelompok. Teknik yang efektif digunakan pada layanan konseling kelompok yaitu teknik adaptive. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh layanan konseling kelompok menggunakan teknik adaptive terhadap kedisiplinan remaja di Lubuk Basung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatf eksperimen dengan model penelitian the one group pre test-post test design. Untuk pengambilan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling, dengan subjek sebanyak 10 remaja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan setelah diberikan layanan konseling kelompok menggunakan teknik adaptive.
Management of Parenting Activities in Forming Character of Early Childhood
Authors: Hefniy Hefniy , Dinihari Anggie Nadia , Rozi Fathor , Aini Nur , Tunnaja Afifah
Published: March 2022

This study aims to analyze parenting activities in shaping the character of early childhood at Taman Posyandu Anak Salih. The research method used is a qualitative case study type. Researchers conducted interviews with principals and teachers at the institution. The study results indicate that the formation of children's character requires a continuous and consistent process, both when the child is in the family environment, school environment, and community environment. Schools in approaching parents through parenting activities are carried out through; 1) planning includes determining the time, place of materials, and media needed in parenting activities; 2) implementation, namely the form of parental meetings or parent classes by prioritizing the discussion and sharing process; 3) evaluation in the parenting program using question and answer according to the material that has been conveyed with parents and meetings regarding ongoing programs conducted by educators and managers so that parents become partners in the formation of children's character.
Pengaruh Senam Si Buyung dan Senam Irama Ceria Terhadap Kemampuan Motorik Kasar
Authors: Iswatiningrum Iswatiningrum , Sutapa Panggung
Published: March 2022

Kemampuan motorik kasar anak usia dini memiliki peran penting bagi perkembangan pribadi secara keseluruhan. Kemampuan motorik kasar ini dapat dikembangkan melalui beberapa cara, salah satunya menggunakan gerakan senam Si Buyung dan senam Irama Ceria. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh senam Si Buyung dan Senam Irama Ceria terhadap kemampuan motorik kasar pada anak TK kelompok B. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain one group-pretest-posttest design. Teknik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada enam TK dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 153 anak. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Wilcoxon Test. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa latihan senam Si Buyung dan senam Irama Ceria dapat meningkatkan kemampuan motorik kasar anak TK. Hal ini berimplikasi bahwa guru TK kelompok B dapat menggunakan senam Si Buyung dan senam Irama Ceria untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik anak.
Growing Up as Rents Rise: How Housing Affordability Impacts Children
Authors: Holme Jennifer Jellison
Published: March 2022

Over the past several decades, housing costs have risen sharply, and as a result, an increasing number of families have become “housing cost burdened,” paying more than one third of their income toward rent and utilities. This integrative literature synthesis considers the known and potential impacts of families’ housing affordability problems on child development and schooling outcomes through a review of 64 studies published between 2000 and 2020. The synthesis proceeds in three sections: the first section examines research on the direct connection between affordability and child outcomes. The second section considers the empirical evidence on four pathways through which affordability problems are theorized to affect child outcomes: the residential mobility pathway (by causing residential mobility, school mobility, eviction, or homelessness), the living environment pathway (by reducing the quality of housing or living conditions), the neighborhood and school opportunity pathway (by restricting access to high-opportunity neighborhoods and schools), and the parental resources pathway (by reducing financial resources that could be invested in children and increasing parental stress). The third section of the synthesis considers affordability’s impact on children through an examination of the research literature on the impact of federal housing assistance. Future directions for policy are considered, including the expansion of housing assistance for families, and additional research is urged on the impacts of housing affordability on children by scholars within the field of education.
Influence of structure on mechanisms of VT22I titanium alloy deformation during implementation of shape memory effect
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Kollerov M. Yu. , Gusev D. E. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Lukina E. A. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Shinaeva E. V. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)
Published: March 2022

The characteristics of the shape memory effect of the VT22I titanium alloy under torsional deformation have been investigated. The critical deformation (γcr0.3), at which 0.3% of unrecovered deformation accumulates, was used as the main characteristic of the effect. It is shown that in the VT22I alloy this value is 3—4 times less than in alloys based on NiTi, which is due to an intensive increase in resistance to movement of the interface «martensite—austenite» and low slip stresses in a disordered solid solution.
The Effect of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) and Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) Oils on Wound Healing in Type-1 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Akın İbrahim , Özturan Yalçın Alper , Akdoğan Cansu , Kalkan Yılmaz , Çevik Özge , Üner Aykut Göktürk
Published: March 2022

Wound healing is a well-known therapeutic challenge in animal and human medicine. This study aimed to investigate the effect of topical application of Nigella sativa (black cumin, NS) and Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort, HP) on wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice. For this aim, 25 male BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: i. Hypericum perforatum (HP), ii. Nigella sativa (NS), iii. Standard saline solution 0.9% NaCl (NSS), iv. Natural extra virgin olive oil (OL), and v. Fusidic acid-Centella asiatica cream (FM). A single dose (200 mg/kg) of STZ was intraperitoneally administered to induce type-1 diabetes. After diabetes was induced, six symmetrical excision wounds were performed on the dorsal areas of mice using a dermal biopsy punch. Wound areas were photographed every three days for 21 days, and the images were analyzed using software to achieve the daily wound closure rate in pixel values. On day one and day 21, wound tissues were dissected, total protein and hydroxyproline levels were measured by ELISA. Statistically significant differences were found in hydroxyproline change rates between the NS group with HP, NSS, and FM groups (P<0.05). The only significant difference was found between NS with OL groups (P<0.05) on wound closure rate. This study illustrated that topically administered HP and NS may not have wound-healing effects in type-1 diabetic conditions in mice.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Syndecan-1 Expression in the Liver of Small Ruminants with Natural Liver Fluke Infection
Authors: Yumuşak Nihat , Filikci Kürşat
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the pathomorphology of damage in liver tissues of ruminants infected with liver flukes and the role of syndecan-1 protein in this damage. In the study, liver tissue samples from 62 ruminants with liver parasites were used. Histopathological examination of these tissues was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. An immunohistochemical staining procedure was performed through the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) method to determine the syndecan-1 protein. Upon the macroscopic examination, congestion, hemorrhage, necrosis, and fibrosis were observed in infected livers. Hemorrhage, inflammation, degeneration, necrosis, and hyperplasia of the bile ducts were observed in severe liver sections upon microscopic examination. Syndecan-1 protein immunohistochemically exhibited a strong immunopositive reaction in infected liver tissues. This study concluded that the release of syndecan-1 protein increased liver damage induced by liver flukes.
Identifying State Self-Criticism Subscales Within the Brief Symptoms Inventory: Analyses of Data from Israeli Young Adults
Authors: Pinus Michael , Lassri Dana , Rahamim Ofer , Schiller Moran , Soffer-Dudek Nirit , Shahar Golan
Published: March 2022

Recent works in personality and psychopathology emphasize both trait and state self-criticism as transdiagnostic risk factors for mental disorders. Yet, common screening and intake measures do not include assessment of state self-criticism. We provide a reanalysis of data from nine samples (total N=1,442), with the aim to identify and validate a state self-criticism subscale within the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI), a popular and extensively researched instrument for the assessment of general and specific psychopathology. We identified four potential state self-criticism subscales, comprising three to five items, tapping the experience of self-criticism. All state self-criticism subscales demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. In addition, all subscales were highly correlated with psychopathology and low psychological well-being, thus suggesting strong convergent validity. Furthermore, all subscales demonstrated incremental predictive validity, when predicting psychological distress, depression, brooding and suicidal ideations, above and beyond trait self-criticism. Interestingly, our results show no clear advantage for one subscale over the others. Findings contribute to contemporary personality science, attesting to the importance of assessing personality on both trait and state features. We discuss clinical implications and offer clinicians a brief alternative to longer screening methods, focusing on currently 'inflamed' and distressing aspects of experience, namely the self-critical experience.
Individual differences in distributional statistical learning: better frequency ‘discriminators’ are better explicit ‘estimators’
Authors: Growns Bethany , Martire Kristy , Mattijssen Erwin J. A. T.
Published: March 2022

People can easily extract and encode statistical information from their environment. However, research has primarily focused on conditional statistical learning (i.e. the ability to learn joint and conditional relationships between stimuli) and has largely neglected distributional statistical learning (i.e. the ability to learn the frequency and variability of distributions). For example, learning that ‘E’ is more common in the English alphabet than ‘Z.’ In this paper, we investigate how and how well distributional learning can be measured by exploring the relationship between, and psychometric properties of, four different measures of distributional learning – from the ability to discriminate relative frequencies to the ability to estimate explicit frequencies. We identified moderate and stable relationships between four distributional learning measures and these tasks accounted for a substantial portion of the variance in performance across tasks (44.3%). A measure of divergent validity (intrinsic motivation) did not significantly correlate with any statistical learning measure and accounted for a separate portion of the variance across tasks. More complex measures also showed better reliability and internal consistency. Interestingly, a portion of the variance of task performance (between 9.7-13.4%) was also accounted for by performance on combinations of tasks. Our results suggest that distributional statistical learning is the result of the interplay between a unified mechanism for discriminating between relative frequencies and explicitly estimating them, and an individual's ability in these different tasks.
Trait-specificity versus global positivity: A critical test of alternative sources of assumed similarity in personality judgments
Authors: Thielmann Isabel , Rau Richard , Locke Kenneth D
Published: March 2022

For decades, a recurring question in person perception research has been whether people’s perceptions of others’ personality traits are related to how they see themselves on these traits. Indeed, evidence for such “assumed similarity” effects has been found repeatedly, at least for certain characteristics. However, recent research suggests that these findings may be an artifact of individual differences in how positively or negatively perceivers see others in general, irrespective of trait-specific content. Overcoming the limitations of prior studies, the present work provides a critical test of trait-specificity versus global positivity as sources of assumed similarity in personality judgments. In two large studies (Ns = 2,287 and 3,563) with pre-registered hypotheses and analyses, perceivers rated 10 targets (strangers) each on the HEXACO (Study 1) and Big Five (Study 2) dimensions to capture their perceptions of the “average other” (i.e., perceiver effects). We then computed “positivity-corrected” assumed similarity effects using a trait-based and a profile-based approach, respectively. Although controlling for global positivity considerably reduced the strength of assumed similarity, perceiver effects were still positively related to self-reports. As predicted, these assumed similarity effects occurred foremostly for traits strongly linked to values. Specifically, in Study 1, positivity-corrected assumed similarity was observed only for Honesty-Humility and Openness to Experience, albeit meaningful effects merely occurred on one of the two self-report measures. In Study 2, traits’ value-relatedness remained a unique moderator of assumed similarity after accounting for traits’ positivity (i.e., social desirability). These findings demonstrate that assumed similarity is indeed to some extent trait-specific.
Stance and Belief System of a Researcher in Qualitative Research: Philosophies and Paradigms
Authors: Devi Prasad Bhattarai
Published: March 2022

This paper provides an idea on why novice researcher needs to understand the basic philosophy and paradigm of their underlying research problem. The paper aims to provide insights into research philosophies and paradigms so that a researcher could locate his/her research in a qualitative inquiry. To draw on the idea, the paper exemplarily utilizes my qualitative study of the doctoral program as an example which makes a needy researcher clearer in his/her philosophical arguments and worldviews and makes him/her position in a qualitative study. Methodologically, the paper is the product of a series of texts written centering onthe qualitative research published by internationally renowned publishers, and the texts were selected by the discussion and talk about the philosophical texts during the doctoral student’s seminars.The paper basically argues that a researcher needs to become clear about the research problem he/she is undertaking about research philosophy – ontology, epistemology, and methodology – and the paradigm in which his/her research problem rests. By this understanding, a researcher expectedly locates his/her research study appropriately with his/her underlying philosophical stance and belief system in a qualitative study.
Interdisciplinary issues in education
Authors: Bhagwan Aryal
Published: March 2022

The fundamental importance of education is to unlock, reveal or make evident the unique potential of students. It is often regarded as a synonym for learning and is a product of experience. Education is also considered a restructuring or reorganization of experience to build new knowledge.As a lifelong learning process, education lasts from birth to death, and schools are not the only institutions that provide education. The role of educational institutions in providing quality education is by no means sufficient. Continued research and development activities are always relevant in this context.Learning involves continuous and constant changes in experience, ideas, knowledge, attitudes and skills, all complemented by homes, communities, religions, the media, etc., but educators innovate in this regard by considering development that can do a lot to come up with ideas. The present sixth volume, Issue 2 of Interdisciplinary Research in Education includes fourteen original articles. This is an attempt to address ongoing changes in the education sector, including both empirical research and desk reviews that help expand existing knowledge and understanding, especially in the areas of curriculum, pedagogy and education management.
Politics of Subaltern Consciousness: The Substantive Representation of the Margins in Nehru’s Toward Freedom and Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness
Authors: Awasthi Prabeen Kumar
Published: March 2022

Despite being placed at the bottom of the society, Indian subalterns have always gained central position in the political sphere. This paper investigates the substantive representation of marginalized groups and the way they employ their consciousness to dismantle injustices by analyzing Jawaharlal Nehru’s autobiography Toward Freedom (1936) and Arundhati Roy’s novel The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017). The subaltern struggle in the society in the quest of their autonomous self and it is achieved with the help of continuous resistance on their part. Colonized Indians display their resistance to counter the British Raj. In the like manner, Hijras, women and Dalits resist the conventional norms of the mainstream by developing anti-normative body and by adopting new roles in the society. Delving on Antonio Gramsci, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and Ranajit Guha’s ideas of the subaltern, this study analyzes the life of the colonized Indians, the transgender, and the untouchables located in the periphery of social, economic and political strata of the colonial and the post-millennial India. Besides the Subaltern Studies’ scholars, Tamen and Garnett’s notion on ‘self,’ ‘interpretation,’ ‘agency’ and ‘resistance’ have been applied to show the way subalterns overcome their subordination in the existing social order. From the standpoint of Nehru’s promise, this study critiques the politics and the position of the subaltern in the first decade of the twentieth century as presented in Roy.
The Journey from Essence to Existence in Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching
Authors: Bhandari Sabindra Raj
Published: March 2022

This article examines Lao Tzu’s classical work Tao Te Ching with the concepts of essence and existence that predominantly guide the philosophy of existence propounded by Jean-Paul Sartre. Tao Te Ching provides the way to pursuit identity in the world. It centralizes on the making of the self. To cultivate the identity, one should face the realitie. Then one realizes that existence antecedes the essence because one becomes what one chooses. Essence is simply biological and not the destiny rather what we create out of multiple choices construct our individuality. This realization is the perfect way to be an evolved individual. This is another way of defining the concept of existence delivered by Tzu and Sartre. Likewise, both Tzu and Sartre agree that human exists at first. His/her existential journey starts with the materialization of facticity that s/he crisscrosses in the world. All these aspects are the fundamentals of Tao Te  Ching and Sartre’s philosophy of existence. This paper becomes a landmark to perceive how  the philosophical beats vibrate equally both in classical work and modern philosophy. To examine all these concepts, the article has used the textual analysis method, following the paradigm of qualitative approach to research.
Effect of Silibinin in Lowering the Intraocular Pressure in Normotensive Rabbits: Interaction with Pilocarpine and Cyclopentolate
Authors: A. Hussain Saad , M. Mohammed Haider , H. Abdulrazzaq Munaf , T. Numan Ahmed
Published: March 2022

Previous data indicated the effectiveness of silibinin as intraocular pressure (IOP) - lowering agent.  The present study was performed to evaluate the interaction of silibinin with pilocarpine or cyclopentolate in lowering IOP in normotensive rabbits. The effects of topically instilled silibinin hemisuccinate solution (0.75%) alone or adjunctly combined with 2% pilocarpine or 1% cyclopentolate on the IOP of normotensive rabbits were evaluated using indentation tonometry. The results showed that 0.75% solution of silibinin was found more potent than pilocarpine (2% drops) in lowering IOP of normotensive rabbits, while their combination results in longer duration of action. Moreover, the elevated IOP values produced by cyclopentolate (1%drops) were decreased by silibinin, while prior instillation of cyclopentolate did not interfere with the IOP-lowering effect of silibinin. In conclusion Silibinin lowers IOP in normotensive rabbits more than pilocarpine, and their combination elongates the duration of the IOP-lowering effect. This might be due to interference with aqueous humor formation as a possible mechanism. In addition, cyclopentolate did not significantly alter the effect of silibinin on IOP.

Key words: silibinin, IOP, pilocarpine, cyclopentolate
Evaluation of the Role of Interleukein-2 and Interleukein-4 in the Immunopathogenesis of Steroid Therapy Resistance in Iraqi Asthmatic Patients
Authors: A. Sahib Adel , Wahab A.Al-Shaikely Abdul
Published: March 2022

Interleukins (IL-2 and IL-4) are increased in asthmatics and were reported to induce resistance to steroid therapy in some patients who fail to get benefit from glucocorticoids when used in full dose and for long period of time. In this context, the present study was conducted on Iraqi patients to provide additional laboratory mean, beside the clinical diagnosis, for the decision whether the asthma is steroid sensitive or resistant by monitoring the level of immunoglobulins, complement proteins and interleukins among asthmatic patients (steroid sensitive or resistant) and the possible contribution of other factors like age, sex and environments in the development of steroid resistance. A total number of 55 asthmatics and 28 normal subjects were enrolled in the study. Patients were diagnosed clinically as steroid sensitive (SSA) and steroid resistant (SRA) and blood samples were taken from all subjects included in the study for the measurement of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE), complement proteins (C3 and C4), interleukins (Il-2 and Il-4), and total and differential WBC counts.The results showed no age, sex and residence dependency of acquired steroid resistance, while smoking habit (and may be the atopic allergy) constitute marked predisposing factors. The level of IgA and IgE were high in both SRA and SSA, while IgG level was low in SRA. Complement proteins (C3 and C4) were not differ in asthmatic patients in comparison with control group. The interesting results were those concerning interleukins. The levels of IL-2 and IL-4 were very high in SRA than in SSA. These are parallel with high lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in blood samples of those patients.In conclusion, beside clinical diagnostic features concerning the dose and duration of therapy with glucocorticoids, monitoring the levels of IL-2 and IL-4 could provide additional laboratory diagnostic measures for the convincing decision that asthma is steroid resistant.

Key words: steroid resistant asthma, steroid sensitive asthma, IL-2, IL-4
EKREM HENİYYE’NİN “KUŞATMADAN SONRA GÜN DOĞMADAN AZ ÖNCE” ADLI ÖYKÜSÜNDE FANTASTİKTEN GERÇEĞE
Authors: ÜYÜMEZ Fatıma Betül
Published: March 2022

1967 yılında Altı Gün Savaşı’nın ardından Kudüs’ün tamamen İsrail işgali altına girmesi Filistinlilerde büyük bir üzüntü oluşturmuştur. Nitekim tüm semavi dinlerde kutsal olan Kudüs, Müslümanlar için Hz. Peygamberin Miraca çıktığı mekân olan Mescid-i Aksâ’ya ev sahipliği yapması bakımından kutsal ve önemlidir. Kutsal şehrin işgali üzerine Filistinlilerin yaşadıkları keder, derin hayal kırıklığı, korku ve öte yandan geleceğe dair ümitleri 1970’lerden itibaren birçok edebî esere konu olmuştur.
Filistinli gazeteci ve öykü yazarı Ekrem Heniyye işgal altında yaşanan hayatın gerçeklerini öykülerinde şiirsel ve sembolik bir dil ile metinlerarasılığa ve doğaüstü kurgulara başvurarak aksettirir. 1979 yılında yayımlanan ilk öykü kitabı es-Sefînetu’l-Ahîra … el-Mînâu’l-Ahîr’de (Son Gemi … Son Liman) yer alan “Ba’de’l-Hısâr Kable’ş-Şems Bikalîl” (Kuşatmadan Sonra Gün Doğmadan Az Önce) adlı öyküsünde Filistinlilerin Kudüs ve dolayısıyla vatanları ile ilgili duygu ve düşüncelerini sıra dışı bir kurgu ile yansıtır. Heniyye bu öyküde Kudüs’teki Mescid-i Aksa’da bulunan Kubbetu’s-Sahra’nın birdenbire ortadan kaybolması üzerine kentte yaşananları dört karaktere odaklanarak anlatırken Filistinlilerin vatanlarına ve geleceklerine dair yaşadıkları duyguları da ortaya koyar.
Bu çalışmada Filistin öyküsünün dikkat çeken yazarlarından biri olan Ekrem Heniyye tanıtılmış ve onun “Kuşatmadan Sonra Gün Doğmadan Az Önce” başlıklı öyküsü incelenmiştir. Öyküde anlatılan doğaüstü olayın ne amaçla kullanıldığı, öykünün fantastik olup olmadığı, olayların gerçeği ne ölçüde yansıttığı sorgulanırken yazarın bu sıra dışı kurgu ile ortaya koymak istediği mesaj çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Managing the Development of the Region’s Road Infrastructure: A Methodological Approach to Assessing the Effectiveness of Its Development
Authors: Ivanova Oksana Evgenevna , Luchino Mariia Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2022

Modern road infrastructure is crucial for the socio-economic development of the region. The article discusses the management system of the region's road infrastructure, the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of its development. It is concluded that the available methodological tools do not fully allow to assess the effectiveness of the development of the road infrastructure of the region and its compliance with the needs of the region, therefore it is necessary to further improve it
Stability of Binary Mixtures of Drugs at Different Concentrations and Temperatures
Authors:   Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain, Fuensanta Sánchez-Rojas
Published: March 2022

Background and Objective: In order to avoid separate injections, admixtures of drugs are frequently used in palliative care setting. The objective of this work is to study the stability of binary mixtures of drugs (ondansetron and midazolam) at different concentrations and temperatures all prepared in 0.9% NaCl and stored into infusers and glass in all cases protected from light. Materials and Methods: Two methods have been employed to determine periodically the concentration of each drug in the mixtures (HPLC-UV and UV-vis spectrophotometry methods). The concentrations of the samples were: 0.1 mg mL-1 – 0.1 mg mL-1 and 0.5 mg mL-1 – 1.0 mg mL-1 of ondansetron and midazolam respectively; temperature of storage 25ºC and 37ºC. NaCl 0.9% was used as diluent in all cases. The containers to store each mixture were three infusers and glass. Results: All solutions were initially clear and colourless but visible particles appear, in all cases, into the infusers after two days since their preparation. Conclusions: The admixture of ondansetron and midazolam in NaCl 0.9% is recommended to use for a maximum of one day, at the concentrations evaluated, over time it tends to precipitate. Infuser conditioning decreases stability with respect to other conditions materials, so other stability studies may not be extrapolated if stored under different conditions.
Rivalry between Humans and Coronaviruses: Unanticipated Impact of Omicron
Authors: Goldschmidt-Clermont Pascal J. , Goldschmidt Alex J.P.
Published: March 2022

With our prior Commentary we discussed the rivalry between ideation (humans) and mutations (viruses), (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8439168/), and more specifically, we described and compared two means of adaptability: collective and focused ideation for humans and self-serving mutation for viruses. The amazingly fast development of new effective and safe vaccines and drugs requires the humankind’s most sophisticated form of ideation ability to respond to threatening stressors such as a dangerous virus like SARS-CoV-2. The essence of what makes us human is that human ideation requires a society of people working towards the same goal and is interdependent on socialization for the sustainability of humankind. In contrast, viruses mutate alone and “selfishly”. The best fit virus for a particular environment, for a particular host, eliminates the competition through successive mutations. The Omicron variant of concern (VoC) is a great example for how higher transmissibility and perhaps, stochasticity, can drive the transmissive success of a virus across an entire host species like humans. With this review, we describe how Omicron has impacted the COVID-19 pandemic in an unanticipated way that could bring an end to it.
A triangulation study on gender agreement in Spanish by native Basque speakers
Authors:   Georgetown University, Basterretxea Santiso Gorka
Published: March 2022

The Spanish spoken in the Basque Country contains some features due to its contact with Basque, one of those being the production of non-standard gender agreement (N-SGA) (Etxebarria Arostegui, 2007, 2008; Fernández Ulloa, 1997, 2006; Urrutia Cárdenas, 2006), since, unlike in Spanish (RAE, 2016), there is no such category in Basque (Zubiri & Zubiri, 2012). This characteristic is typically attributed to elder Basque native speakers without a high level of education (Fernández Ulloa, 1997), but this affirmation is not based on empirical studies. To investigate this gap, this study triangulates data from three sources: conversations, a grammaticality test, and a metalinguistic questionnaire taking education level and participants’ gender as independent variables. Twelve young adult (between 21 and 29 years) native speakers of Basque have been recruited. The results suggest that the scope of the population that produces N-SGA is broader than what scholars (Fernández Ulloa, 1997) believed: participants produced N-SGA in speech, despite their grammar knowledge being evident. Finally, these participants believe that N-SGA forms part of the variety of Spanish in the Basque Country and their own idiolect.
Reflection of Mongolian imperial ideas in the medieval Byzantium sources
Authors: Drobyshev Yuliy
Published: March 2022

The article uses materials of Byzantine historical works of the XIII-XIV centuries to further develop the author’s work in the sphere of Imperial ideology of the medieval Mongols. The special geopolitical position of Byzantium, as well as controversies among descendants of Genghis Khan, have caused peculiarities of its relations with the Mongol Empire, and later with the states of Juchids and Khulaguids, and allowed it to remain independent. Byzantine historians described the Mongols from the position of external observers, so their information is relatively scarce, but important for understanding the goals of the Mongol conquerors in the region and their views on the world order. Analysis of information provided by George Pachymeres, Nicephorus Gregoras, and other Byzantine intellectuals suggests that the Mongol leaders demonstrated considerable flexibility in their foreign policy and did not show any claims to world domination. The sources also reproduce a number of stories concerning the Mongols, which are also known from the Christian historiography of the South Caucasus and the Middle East, in particular, they speak out the idea of nomads who invaded the cultural lands as a “scourge of God”, but they are still far from an eschatological interpretation of the Mongol invasion and do not interpret it in terms of “the whole world”. They do not express thoughts about the need to submit to this inevitable evil. Byzantine authors describe quite accurately the goals of Mongol conquest campaigns and diplomatic activities of the Mongol leaders. It can be assumed that relations between Byzantium and the Mongol states were built on an equal basis, or the Byzantine authors carefully avoided any hints of inequality in their works. The image of Genghis Khan drawn in the analyzed sources does not contain anything messianic or heroic; moreover, not all authors know who exactly was a founder of the Mongol Empire, and they attribute the leadership of Genghis Khan’s military campaigns to his descendants. Thus, the Mongol “imperialism” in the Byzantine sources is very poorly traced, which, however, does not detract from their value in reconstruction of the mental climate of the Mongol Empire and its historical successors.
National identity, collective memory and history wars in East Asia
Authors: Streltsov Dmitry
Published: March 2022

The article addresses the phenomenon of “history wars” between China and the Republic of Korea, on the one side, and Japan, on the other, which broke out after the cold war around the historical interpretation of Japan’s expansionist policy on the mainland, especially in the period of WWII. The aim of the article is to examine the origin, the ethical and the political underpinnings of “history wars”, specifically in the context of collective memories of WWII and the national identities in the three countries. The authors tried to trace the prehistory of the formation of national identities in East Asia in the twentieth century.
While South Korea and China perceive the period of Japan’s imperialist expansion in the XX century through the dualistic prism of the relationship between the victim and the criminal, in Japan the policy on the mainland, although considered to be "erroneous", is not subject to unconditional condemnation on the grounds that at that time all the imperialist states acted the same way. Besides, the discourse of victimhood based on war sufferings of the Japanese people is in conflict with the wounded feelings of the East Asian nations.
The article articulates the role of patriotic education and, specifically, the policy of creating museums and historical memorials in the three countries in conducting “history wars”. The authors insist that the interplay of domestic discourse and international memory politics has become a durable source of paramount tension in the international relations of the region.
The evolution of Al-Qaeda: between regional conflicts and a globalist perspective
Authors: Vasiliev Alexey
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the prospects for the evolution of the odious terrorist group of modern times, «al-Qaeda». This topic is relevant, since the ongoing conflicts in the middle East, Africa and Asia continue to serve as an «ideal» environment for the development of radical groups and ideologies. Based on a detailed study of the history of the formation of this organization, its ideology, goals, objectives and strategy, the authors consider the possibility of «al-Qaeda» becoming the dominant force in the global extremist movement in the coming years. The article examines the main stages of activity of this group, presents the results of a comparative analysis of the tactics of «al-Qaeda» and its main competitor «ISIS». It is concluded that the strategic goal of «al-Qaeda» is to strengthen unity among foreign fighters of the global extremist movement. By engaging in some conflicts that are both fundamental and highly symbolic, «al-Qaeda» can further strengthen its image as the «true» vanguard of Islamist insurgents. The article focuses on the relationship between «al-Qaeda» and its affiliates in Iraq, Algeria, Yemen, and South Asia. The authors ' conclusions are based on the analysis of publications and speeches in the media space of the radical leader, A. al-Zawahiri. The authors conclude that modern «al-Qaeda» is a decentralized, networked transnational terrorist organization. The conclusion is made about the possibility of «al-Qaeda» entering a new phase of activity, which will include strengthening territorial control, expanding recruitment and high-profile terrorist attacks around the world.
The “French factor” and the dynamics of the Chanak crisis (September–October 1922)
Authors: Magadeev Iskander
Published: March 2022

The centenary of the Chanak crisis, which played significant role in the development of the Kemalist revolution and in the international transformations in the Asia Minor and the Near East, stimulates to analyse its underresearched aspects. The article aims to demonstrate the role of the “French factor” during the crisis. This “factor” is conceived as the actions of the French diplomacy, but also as their perception by the other international actors in September–October 1922. The author bases his conclusions on the evidence taken from the published French diplomatic documents and the archival materials of the French Ministry’s of the armed forces historical services. The documents taken from the National archives of the Great Britain were used in order to analyse the Anglo-French relations. The author concludes that the impact of the “French factor” during the crisis was ambivalent. At the one hand, R. Poincaré, French Prime Minister and Minister for foreign affairs, who aimed to exclude the growth of the Chanak crisis into the war and to make Paris the mediator between the British and the Kemalists, achieved some results and contributed to Ankara’s consent to the armistice negotiations. At the other hand, the desire of Poincaré to “sit on two chairs” and to develop the friendly relations with both Ankara and London was difficult to realise. By taking clearer though confrontational position, M. Kemal and British Secretary of State for foreign affairs G. Curzon gained more than Poincaré who hoped to effectuate more subtle diplomatic maneuvering.
Transformation of the Soviet Ties with Indian Communist Movement in the1960s: from the Struggle with “Pro-Chinese Sectarians” towards the Left Unification Politics
Authors: Spektor Ilya
Published: March 2022

The history of the Communist party of India is important due to the party’s activities during the struggle for the country’s independence and in virtue of its leading position in Indian politics during the period when the government of J. Nehru was in power. Differences between so-called “leftists” and “rightists” in the party lead to the split in the CPI and to the formation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) which was founded by the leaders of the “leftist” faction. The main reasons of the split were the differences in the attitude of different groups of Indian communists towards the Indian National Congress and the politics of Indian government. At the same time the spit related to the foreign politics of India and with the international communist movement. At the first stage of the conflict within the party, the sympathies of the USSR were entirely on the side of the “rightist” faction and the current leadership of the CPI. The “leftist” and the CPI (M) were considered as anti-Soviet group and potential political allies of China. However, the electoral success of the CPI(M) and the neutral position of the party during the Sino-Soviet split changed the attitude of the Soviet government towards this political force. Since the second half of the 1960s the USSR tried to maintain relations with the two main communist parties in India. The key sources are the documents of the Soviet Embassy in Delhi, which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
The Thunder from the East: Batu’s Invasion in the European Medieval Book Miniatures
Authors: Veselov Fedor
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the medieval book miniatures illustrating the invasion of Batu's armies in Europe in 1236–1242. Bearing in mind the postulated high symbolism of Medieval fine art, the author is interested in the figurative code of miniatures, in which the attitude of Europeans to the Mongol conquerors should be encoded. In this regard, a study of the related manuscripts, executed in different centuries, from the mid–13th to the mid–16th centuries, in the different lands of Western, Central Europe and Rus’. Somehow, despite the fact that, at first glance, these traditions are not genetically related to each other in any way, they demonstrate the same patterns of development.
Decarbonization in Сhina: energy transition and financing challenges
Authors: Makeev Yuri A.
Published: March 2022

In the second decade of 21st century China has evolved as the world largest producer, consumer and importer of fossil fuels, including crude oil, natural gas and coal. The other side is the country’s leadership in emission of greenhouse gases, mainly CO2. The problem, already addressed during five-year plans in 2006-2015, got special attention in the thirteenth five-year plan under the concept of ‘beautiful China”, which contains ambitious goals in ecological reconstruction of China.
The central problem among these goals is decarbonization and phasing down coal as the backbone of China’s energy system. The existing plans and models are viewed by the authors together with the short history of energy sector, rapid progress in building a sound renewables segment, which is also number one in the world.
Special attention in the article is given tothe complexity of China's energy transition, the authors analyze the current state of the PRC's energy industry and provide possible scenarios for energy transition and emerging green finance in China. The methods and instruments of the state policy in the field are presented, including trade in emissions of CO2 which has a huge growth potential.
Energy transit in China doesn’t look as a close perspective due to complex domestic issues and international environment where the interests of developed and developing countries collide. At home there is a problem of financial efficiency of renewables, at the world scene China at present can hardly trust western partners in rebuilding the energy sector, which has a strategic significance.
Excavation of the Western Suburban Complex of Bol’shoy K’irk-K’iz in 2021
Authors: Balakhvantsev Archil S.
Published: March 2022

During excavations in 2021 at the Western Suburban Complex (WSC) of the Bol’shoy K’irk-K’iz, room I and the northern courtyard were investigated. In room II, the later interior extensions in its western and southern parts were dismantled. After it became clear that the width of room II was originally 4 m. At the first stage of functioning, the walls were covered with clay plaster with whitewash. The few pottery fragments that were found in room II date back to the 4th-2nd centuries. BC, possibly 1st c. BC.
In 2021, the study of the new room III began. The original excavation was extended to the south by 8.4 m. At an elevations of -207 and -202 from the benchmark, the floor was opened in the form of a pavement of mud bricks (40×40×12; 42×42×12; 39×42×11–12 cm). In rooms II and III, a large number of fragments of plaster with traces of polychrome painting were found. Particularly numerous are fragments of bright blue paint, which undoubtedly dominated the color scheme of room III, which made it possible to call it the “Blue Hall”.
The WSC arose simultaneously with the Bol’shoy K’irk-K’iz no later than the turn of the 4th-3rd centuries. BC. The period of functioning of the complex does not go beyond the ancient Chorasmian period. In general, the planning scheme of the WSC, as well as the existing architectural analogies, allows us to speak with confidence about the palace-temple character of the entire monument.
GROWTH RATES OF ISLAMIC FINANCE: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF PUBLICATIONS
Authors: Faizah Nur Iza , Puspita Fidri Fadillah , Lestari Diana , Indriyeni Indriyeni
Published: March 2022

Islamic Finance, which is related to "Islamic finance", is a form of activity related to money which is financial products and services with Islamic principles. Islamic finance aims to avoid all actions related to bad deeds in accordance with the Koran, such as the term MAGRIB, namely Maysir, Gharar, Riba, Haram and Dzalim. Conventional-based financial services such as banks, insurance, stocks, investments and all those related to their services are the most prominent in society. Thus, this study aims to present the latest trends from Islamic Finance studies. This study uses bibliometric analysis based on data obtained from Scopus. By entering the keywords used, related to Islamic Finance in the title of the article, this study succeeded in obtaining 2028 documents for more detailed analysis. Various applications are used, such as Microsoft Excel to perform frequency analysis, VOSviewer for data visualization. This study presents the results using standard bibliometric analysis such as year of publication, type of document, type of source, title of source, language, subject area, keywords, geographic distribution, authorship and active institution. Based on our results, there has been an extraordinary growth in Islamic finance publications since 2005. The increasing number of articles on Islamic finance shows the importance of Islamic-based finance in the financial services industry