bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA damage alters EGFR signaling and reprograms cellular response via Mre-11
Authors: Volman Yael , Hefetz Ruth , Galun Eithan , Rachmilewitz Jacob
Published: April 2022

To combat the various DNA lesions and their harmful effects, cells have evolved different strategies, collectively referred as DNA damage response (DDR). The DDR largely relies on intranuclear protein networks, which sense DNA lesions, recruit DNA repair enzymes, and coordinates several aspects of the cellular response, including a temporary cell cycle arrest. In addition, external cues mediated by the surface EGF receptor (EGFR) through downstream signaling pathways contribute to the cellular DNA repair capacity. However, cell cycle progression driven by EGFR activation should be reconciled with cell cycle arrest necessary for effective DNA repair. Here, we show that in damaged cells, the expression of Mig-6 (mitogen-inducible gene 6), a known regulator of EGFR signaling, is reduced resulting in heightened EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signaling. These changes in Mig-6 expression and EGFR signaling do not occur in cells deficient of Mre-11, a component of the MRN complex, playing a central role in double-strand break (DSB) repair or when cells are treated with the MRN inhibitor, mirin. RNAseq and functional analysis reveal that DNA damage induces a shift in cell response to EGFR triggering that potentiates DDR-induced p53 pathway and cell cycle arrest. These data demonstrate that the cellular response to EGFR triggering is skewed by components of the DDR, thus providing a plausible explanation for the paradox of the known role played by a growth factor such as EGFR in the DNA damage repair.
Experimental study of the catalytic effect of iron on low-rank coal gasification
Authors: Qi Xuejun , Lin Shuang
Published: April 2022

Acid-washing low-rank coal samples were loaded with different content of iron catalyst and then pyrolyzed. FT-IR, Raman spectra, and temperature-programmed experiments were used to investigate the influence of iron on the coal char. The FT-IR results revealed that iron catalyst rises the number of –OH, –CH3, and –CH2 functional groups. The Raman spectra results showed that partial large polyaromatic ring structures transform into small polyaromatic ring structures after the addition of iron. The results of temperature-programmed desorption indicated that the number of surface active sites is increased due to the addition of iron. For low-rank coal char with 3% Fe, the number of active sites increased with the increase of adsorption temperature until 800 °C and then start to decrease. At 750 °C, the adsorption capacity of CO2 increased with the increase of time and reached saturation state after 45 min. The results of the char-steam isothermal gasification experiment suggested that the iron catalyst enhances the gasification reactivity of low-rank coal. It is verified that iron catalysts can improve the gasification reactivity of low-rank coal by increasing the number of surface active sites.
Long-lasting upper ocean temperature responses induced by intense typhoons in mid-latitude
Authors: Son Jun-Hyeok , Heo Ki-Young , Choi Jung-Woon , Kwon Jae-il
Published: April 2022

The sea surface temperature (SST) drops rapidly when a typhoon passes over the western North Pacific, and the cold SST is known as cold wake. In general, more intense typhoons on the day of arrival cause stronger SST cooling via turbulent oceanic vertical mixing. Moreover, after intense typhoons have passed, there are cases in which the SST decreases further, and the cold conditions persist for approximately 2 weeks. In this study, we suggest possible mechanisms by which long-lasting cold SST responses to typhoon forcing are related to the generation of cold-core-like ocean circulation. The atmospheric surface cyclonic circulation causes divergent anticlockwise upper ocean currents owing to the Ekman transport, which in turn induces further upwelling and strengthens the cold SST. In the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Ocean Reanalysis System 5, cold-core-like ocean current responses were strong in 5 typhoons among the 12 intense typhoons that passed through 30°N in the western North Pacific region from 2001 to 2019. The favorable conditions for a cold-core circulation to occur can be summarized as a slow typhoon migration speed with strong intensity, well stratification of vertical ocean layers, and the absence of large-scale strong background currents.
Oscillatory motion of viscoelastic drops on slippery lubricated surfaces
Authors: Sartori Paolo , Ferraro Davide , Dassie Marco , Meggiolaro Alessio , Filippi Daniele , Zaltron Annamaria , Pierno Matteo , Mistura Giampaolo
Published: April 2022

The introduction of slippery lubricated surfaces allows for the investigation of the flow of highly viscous fluids, which otherwise will hardly move on standard solid surfaces. Here we present the study of the gravity induced motion of small drops of polymeric fluids deposited on inclined lubricated surfaces. The viscosity of these fluids decreases with increasing shear rate (shear thinning) and, more importantly, they exert normal forces on planes perpendicular to shear directions (elasticity). Despite the homogeneity of the surface and of the fluids, drops of sufficiently elastic fluids move downward with an oscillating instantaneous speed whose frequency is found to be directly proportional to the average speed and inversely to the drop volume. The oscillatory motion is caused by the formation of a bulge at the rear of the drop, which will be dragged along the drop free contour by the rolling motion undergone by the drop. This finding can be considered as a kind of new Weissenberg effect applied to moving drops that combines dynamic wetting and polymer rheology.
pH-Responsive templates modulate the dynamic enzymatic synthesis of cyclodextrins
Authors: Samuelsen Lisa , Larsen Dennis , Schönbeck Christian , Beeren Sophie R.
Published: April 2022

Product selection in the enzymatic synthesis of cyclodextrins can be controlled by varying the pH when ionizable templates are employed to direct the synthesis.
SrFeO3−δ: a novel Fe4+ ↔ Fe2+ redox mediated pseudocapacitive electrode in aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Gupta Asha , Kushwaha Vishal , Mondal Rakesh , Singh Abhay Narayan , Prakash Rajiv , Mandal K. D. , Singh Preetam
Published: April 2022

Pseudocapacitive electrochemical capacitance of SrFeO3 with Fe4+/Fe2+ redox couples.
Synthesis of bioengineered heparin by recombinant yeast Pichia pastoris
Authors: Zhang Yonglin , Wang Yang , Zhou Zhengxiong , Wang Peilin , Xi Xintong , Hu Shan , Xu RuiRui , Du Guocheng , Li Jianghua , Chen Jian , Kang Zhen
Published: April 2022

Production of bioengineered heparin with recombinant yeast cells.
A validated method for the rapid quantification of melatonin in over-the-counter hypnotics by the atmospheric pressure solid analysis probe (ASAP)
Authors: Moser Daniel , Hussain Shah , Rainer Matthias , Jakschitz Thomas , Bonn Günther K.
Published: April 2022

Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the biological day and night cycle.
Derivatizing Nile Red fluorophores to quantify the heterogeneous polarity upon protein aggregation in the cell
Authors: Sun Rui , Wan Wang , Jin Wenhan , Bai Yulong , Xia Qiuxuan , Wang Mengdie , Huang Yanan , Zeng Lianggang , Sun Jialu , Peng Congcong , Jing Biao , Liu Yu
Published: April 2022

A fluorescence sustained probe to reveal the micro-environment polarity change during the protein aggregation process.
Hydrogenative depolymerization of silicon-modified polyureas
Authors: Liu Xin , Zuo Yujing , Kallmeier Fabian , Mejía Esteban , Tin Sergey , de Vries Johannes G. , Baráth Eszter
Published: April 2022

A convenient method for the hydrogenative depolymerization of silicon-modified polyureas was developed using simple transition metal catalysis. The method is considered sustainable, as it uses H2 as a clean reductant and allows for silicon recycling.
A family of oxime-based titanium-oxo clusters: synthesis, structures, and photoelectric responses
Authors: Wang Chao , Chen Ning , Kong Fangong , Wang Shoujuan
Published: April 2022

A family of oxime-based titanium-oxo clusters was successfully synthesized, and their photoelectrochemical performances were observed.
Structure and energetics of liquid water–hydroxyl layers on Pt(111)
Authors: Mikkelsen August E. G. , Kristoffersen Henrik H. , Schiøtz Jakob , Vegge Tejs , Hansen Heine A. , Jacobsen Karsten W.
Published: April 2022

Liquid water and OH species on Pt(111) surfaces are studied with molecular dynamics using an ensemble of neural network potentials, which allow us to obtain unprecedented statistical sampling and gain insight into their structure and energetics.
Pentagonal PdX2 (X = S, Se) nanosheets with X vacancies as high-performance electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Xu Shulin , Wang Yu , Li Yafei
Published: April 2022

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as promising catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Diamino group-functionalized Zr-based metal–organic framework for fluorescence sensing of free chlorine in the aqueous phase and Knoevenagel condensation
Authors: Gogoi Chiranjib , Nagarjun Nagarathinam , Rana Abhijeet , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Biswas Shyam
Published: April 2022

A new, highly fluorescent, diamine functionalized Zr(iv) MOF was used for selective fluorometric sensing of free chlorine with a LOD of 0.08 μM. The MOF also exhibited high catalytic activity and selectivity in a Knoevenagel condensation reaction.
Effect of O-substitution in imidazole based Zn(ii) dual fluorescent probes in the light of arsenate detection in potable water: a combined experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Biswas Sneha , Chowdhury Tania , Ghosh Avik , Das Abhijit K. , Das Debasis
Published: April 2022

Two highly luminescent Zn(ii) homologous Schiff base complexes (D1, D2) have been demonstrated highlighting D1 as a potent on–off chemosensor to detect arsenate in polluted water in light of computational mechanistic approach.
RuIIcomplexes of 1,2,3-triazole appended tertiary phosphines, [P(Ph){(o-C6H4)(1,2,3-N3C(Ph)CH}2] and [P(Ph){o-C6H4(CCH)-(1,2,3-N3-Ph)}2]: highly active catalysts for transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl/nitro compounds and for α-alkylation of ketones
Authors: Namdeo Pavan K. , Sheokand Sonu , Kote Basvaraj S. , Radhakrishna Latchupatula , Kunchur Harish S. , Saini Prateek , Ramakrishnan Srinivasan , Balakrishna Maravanji S.
Published: April 2022

Ruthenium(ii) complexes of two new triazole-appended NPN tridentate ligands and their catalytic studies are described.
An effective strategy for improving charge separation efficiency and photocatalytic degradation performance using a facilely synthesized oxidative TiO2 catalyst
Authors: Qin Yongqi , Deng Liqiang , Wei Shaodong , Bai Hui , Gao Wenqiang , Jiao Weizhou , Yu Tanlai
Published: April 2022

An oxidative TiO2 photocatalyst with interstitial oxygen atoms exhibits efficient charge separation and an enhanced contaminant removal rate due to the new states acting as trapping sites to facilitate charge separation.
Evidence for the encounter complex in frustrated Lewis pair chemistry
Authors: Jupp Andrew R.
Published: April 2022

The encounter complex underpins small-molecule activation and catalysis by frustrated Lewis pairs. This article explores the variety of computational and experimental techniques that have probed this ephemeral species.
Correction: Formation of plutonium(iv) silicate species in very alkaline reactive media
Authors: Estevenon Paul , Dumas Thomas , Solari Pier Lorenzo , Welcomme Eleonore , Szenknect Stephanie , Mesbah Adel , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Moisy Philippe , Poinssot Christophe , Dacheux Nicolas
Published: April 2022

Correction for ‘Formation of plutonium(iv) silicate species in very alkaline reactive media’ by Paul Estevenon et al., Dalton Trans., 2021, 50, 12528–12536, DOI: 10.1039/D1DT02248B.
Bioaccessibility and movement of phenolic compounds from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation
Authors: Wang Chuqi , Wu Hanjing , Liu Ziyao , Barrow Colin , Dunshea Frank , Suleria Hafiz A. R.
Published: April 2022

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most popular vegetables and has great nutritional values due to the presence of numerous bioactive compounds, especially phenolic compounds.
Chitin nanowhiskers with improved properties obtained using natural deep eutectic solvent and mild mechanical processing
Authors: Nguyen Huy Vu Duc , de Vries Renko , Stoyanov Simeon D.
Published: April 2022

Making chitin nanowhiskers (ChNW) using natural deep eutectic pretreatment and mild mechanical process. Compared with acid hydrolized, ChNW prepared by our process, show improved functional properties due to residual amorphous chitin on their surface.
Flexible, environmentally-acceptable and long-durable-energy-efficient novel WS2–polyacrylamide MOFs for high-performance photodetectors
Authors: Verma Arpit , Chaudhary Priyanka , Tripathi Ravi Kant , Yadav B. C.
Published: April 2022

In this work, two-dimensional WS2–polyacrylamide metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are prepared via an energy-efficient solvent-free frontal polymerization method and further used as a biocompatible, flexible, and low threshold high-performance photodetection.
SAPO-34 and Zn/ZSM-5 synergistic catalysis of methanol to aromatics from light olefins
Authors: Jin Runze , Hu Haobin , Wang Jiaofei , Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Dai Chengyi , Ma Xiaoxun
Published: April 2022

A schematic diagram of different methanol to aromatics reaction processes.
A binder-free δ-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide composite film as a bi-functional electrode for aqueous rechargeable sodium-ion batteries and hybrid capacitive deionization
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Daile , Hu Xiaomin , Sun Ting
Published: April 2022

The freestanding δ-MnO2@rGO/CC electrode exhibits stable operation performance for both ASIBs and HCDI.
Laminated three-dimensional carbon nanotube integrated circuits
Authors: Jian Yang , Sun Yun , Feng Shun , Zang Chao , Li Bo , Qiu Song , Li Qing-Wen , Yan Xin , Sun Dong-Ming
Published: April 2022

An experimental prototype of new laminated 3D CNT integrated circuits by the layer-by-layer stacking of each component has been realized, benefiting from the stability of CNT devices using PTFE as a separator.
Catalyst-free transesterification vitrimers: activation via α-difluoroesters
Authors: Cuminet Florian , Berne Dimitri , Lemouzy Sébastien , Dantras Éric , Joly-Duhamel Christine , Caillol Sylvain , Leclerc Éric , Ladmiral Vincent
Published: April 2022

Transesterification vitrimers often require high catalyst loadings to prepare 3D networks reprocessable at moderately high temperature.
Depolymerizable semi-fluorinated polymers for sustainable functional materials
Authors: Sathe Devavrat , Zhou Junfeng , Chen Hanlin , Schrage Briana R. , Yoon Seiyoung , Wang Zeyu , Ziegler Christopher J. , Wang Junpeng
Published: April 2022

Chemically recyclable semi-fluorinated polymers are demonstrated for the first time, and the hydrophobicity, self-assembly, and post-polymerization functionalization of these polymers are explored.
Seamless design of thermoelectric modules from single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Taborowska Patrycja , Janas Dawid
Published: April 2022

Growing demand for electricity necessitates making the overall process of electrical energy generation more efficient.
Daylight-PDT: everything under the sun
Authors: Beiki Dana , Eggleston Ian M. , Pourzand Charareh
Published: April 2022

5-Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) was first implemented over three decades ago and has since been mainly part of clinical practice for the management of pre-cancerous and cancerous skin lesions. Photodynamic therapy relies on the combination of a photosensitizer, light and oxygen to cause photo-oxidative damage of cellular components. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural precursor of the heme biosynthetic pathway, which when exogenously administered leads to the accumulation of the photoactivatable protoporphyrin IX. Although, effective and providing excellent cosmetic outcomes, its use has been restricted by the burning, stinging, and prickling sensation associated with treatment, as well as cutaneous adverse reactions that may be induced. Despite intense research in the realm of drug delivery, pain moderation, and light delivery, a novel protocol design using sunlight has led to some of the best results in terms of treatment response and patient satisfaction. Daylight PDT is the protocol of choice for the management of treatment of multiple or confluent actinic keratoses (AK) skin lesions. This review aims to revisit the photophysical, physicochemical and biological characteristics of ALA-PDT, and the underlying mechanisms resulting in daylight PDT efficiency and limitations.
Transgenic mouse models to study the physiological and pathophysiological roles of human Siglecs
Authors: McCord Kelli A. , Macauley Matthew S.
Published: April 2022

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are important immunomodulatory receptors. Due to differences between human and mouse Siglecs, defining the in vivo roles for human Siglecs (hSiglecs) can be challenging. One solution is the development and use of hSiglec transgenic mice to assess the physiological roles of hSiglecs in health and disease. These transgenic mice can also serve as important models for the pre-clinical testing of immunomodulatory approaches that are based on targeting hSiglecs. Four general methods have been used to create hSiglec-expressing transgenic mice, each with associated advantages and disadvantages. To date, transgenic mouse models expressing hSiglec-2 (CD22), -3 (CD33), -7, -8, -9, -11, and -16 have been created. This review focuses on both the generation of these hSiglec transgenic mice, along with the important findings that have been made through their study. Cumulatively, hSiglec transgenic mouse models are providing a deeper understanding of the differences between human and mice orthologs/paralogs, mechanisms by which Siglecs regulate immune cell signaling, physiological roles of Siglecs in disease, and different paradigms where targeting Siglecs may be therapeutically advantageous.
Knowing me, knowing you: Self and non-self recognition in plant immunity
Authors: Ge Dongdong , Yeo In-Cheol , Shan Libo
Published: April 2022

Perception of non-self molecules known as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activates plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Pathogen infections often trigger the release of modified-self molecules, termed damage- or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which modulate MAMP-triggered signaling to shape the frontline of plant immune responses against infections. In the context of advances in identifying MAMPs and DAMPs, cognate receptors, and their signaling, here, we focus on the most recent breakthroughs in understanding the perception and role of non-self and modified-self patterns. We highlight the commonalities and differences of MAMPs from diverse microbes, insects, and parasitic plants, as well as the production and perception of DAMPs upon infections. We discuss the interplay between MAMPs and DAMPs for emerging themes of the mutual potentiation and attenuation of PTI signaling upon MAMP and DAMP perception during infections.
Output feedback regulation for a class of output‐constrained nonlinear systems with iISS inverse dynamics
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhang Jie , Zhang Zhongcai , Wu Yuqiang
Published: April 2022

This paper studies the output feedback problem for nonlinear systems with integral input‐to‐state stability (iISS) inverse dynamics, output constraint, and unknown control direction. First, a nonlinear mapping is introduced to transform the output constrained system into a new unconstrained system. Second, the influence of the change of iISS supply rate is discussed. By introducing an observer and using the time‐varying Riccati equation, a dynamic output feedback control law is constructed with a backstepping‐based design strategy. Besides, the value of gain P is determined to make it meet the stability equation. The output results do not violate the constraints.
Size reduction of a conical horn antenna loaded by multi‐layer metamaterial lens
Authors: Sedaghat Atefeh , Mohajeri Farzad
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a conical horn antenna in the presence of a metamaterial lens in the X‐band is introduced and fabricated. The annular metamaterial lens is located at the aperture of a shortened horn antenna, whose length is half the length of the corresponding optimum horn. The phase velocity in the metamaterial lens is more than the phase velocity along the axis of the antenna for the same propagation distance, so the phase distribution at the aperture of the antenna is uniform and the gain of the shortened horn antenna increases. Metamaterial cells are designed in the form of a printed circuit board that have easy to build and suitable cost. The design process is based on how the waves incident on the proposed metamaterial cell, and finally, by using the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm proper radiation characteristics in the desired frequency range can be achieved. The radiation characteristics of an antenna with a metamaterial lens are similar to that of an antenna with optimum length in the desired frequency band. The difference is that the weight and volume of these antennas are reduced, so they have better performance in satellite and radar systems.
Protection strategy for DC multi‐microgrids based on gradient of branch admittance difference
Authors: Zhang Weiliang , Zhang Hui , Zhi Na , Wang Hanwei , Zeng Cheng
Published: April 2022

Fast and reliable short fault detection is one of the key technologies in the development of DC multi‐microgrids (MMG). In order to improve the speed and reliability of DC relay protection, especially to solve the problem of protection failure in high impedance short‐circuit, a fault criterion based on the gradient of the branch admittance differential is proposed. The branch admittance is the quotient of current and voltage. It makes effective use of the characteristics of the fault current and voltage, so it has higher sensitivity. By detecting the current and voltage at the two sides of the branch, the admittance differential gradient of the branch is calculated and used as the fault criterion. In case of normal operation or fault outside the protection zone, the differential admittance gradient of the branch is zero, and in case of fault inside the protection zone, the admittance differential gradient of the branch is greater than zero regardless of high impedance or low impedance short‐circuit. Meanwhile, the admittance difference gradient is the largest at the beginning of the fault. Therefore, the detection time is reduced. Finally, the experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Collision of protostellar jets in the star-forming region IC 1396N
Authors: López Rosario , Estalella Robert , Beltrán Maria T. , Massi Fabrizio , Acosta-Pulido José A. , Girart Josep M.
Published: April 2022

Context. The bright-rimmed cloud IC 1396N is believed to host one of the few known cases where two bipolar CO outflows driven by young stellar objects collide. The CO outflows are traced by chains of knots of H2 emission, with enhanced emission at the position of the possible collision.

Aims. The aim of this work is to use the proper motions of the H2 knots to confirm the collision scenario.

Methods. A second-epoch H2 image was obtained, and the proper motions of the knots were determined with a time baseline of ~11 yr. We also performed differential photometry on the images to check the flux variability of the knots.

Results. For each outflow (N and S), we classified the knots as pre-collision or post-collision. The axes of the pre-collision knots, the position of the possible collision point, and the axes of the post-collision knots were estimated. The difference between the proper motion direction of the post-collision knots and the position angle from the collision point was also calculated. For some of the knots, we obtained the 3D velocity using the radial velocity derived from H2 spectra.

Conclusions. The velocity pattern of the H2 knots in the area of interaction (post-collision knots) shows a deviation from that of the pre-collision knots, consistent with being a consequence of the interaction between the two outflows. This favours the interpretation of the IC 1396N outflows as a true collision between two protostellar jets instead of a projection effect.
Psychodermatologie: Grundlagen für den Aufbruch zu neuen
Versorgungsformen
Authors: Peters Eva M.J. , Stierle Christian
Published: April 2022

Die Belastung durch eine Hauterkrankung ist durch ihre Sichtbarkeit für
jeden Betrachter gut nachzuvollziehen: psychosoziale Themen sind in der
Dermatologie daher allgegenwärtig. Aktuelle Erkenntnisse zeigen nun,
dass dieser Bezug in beide Richtungen besteht, denn psychosoziale Belastungen
können Hauterkrankungen und ihre Verschlechterung bewirken. Diese
Wechselbeziehung stellt eine große Herausforderung dar.
Anterior Cranial Base Reconstruction in Complex Craniomaxillofacial Trauma: An Algorithmic Approach and Single-Surgeon's Experience
Authors: Shakir Sameer , Card Elizabeth B. , Kimia Rotem , Greives Matthew R. , Nguyen Phuong D.
Published: April 2022

Management of traumatic skull base fractures and associated complications pose a unique reconstructive challenge. The goals of skull base reconstruction include structural support for the brain and orbit, separation of the central nervous system from the aerodigestive tract, volume to decrease dead space, and restoration of the three-dimensional appearance of the face and cranium with bone and soft tissues. An open bicoronal approach is the most commonly used technique for craniofacial disassembly of the bifrontal region, with evacuation of intracranial hemorrhage and dural repair performed prior to reconstruction. Depending on the defect size and underlying patient and operative factors, reconstruction may involve bony reconstruction using autografts, allografts, or prosthetics in addition to soft tissue reconstruction using vascularized local or distant tissues. The vast majority of traumatic anterior cranial fossa (ACF) injuries resulting in smaller defects of the cranial base itself can be successfully reconstructed using local pedicled pericranial or galeal flaps. Compared with historical nonvascularized ACF reconstructive options, vascularized reconstruction using pericranial and/or galeal flaps has decreased the rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak from 25 to 6.5%. We review the existing literature on this uncommon entity and present our case series of n = 6 patients undergoing traumatic reconstruction of the ACF at an urban Level 1 trauma center from 2016 to 2018. There were no postoperative CSF leaks, mucoceles, episodes of meningitis, or deaths during the study follow-up period. In conclusion, use of pericranial, galeal, and free flaps, as indicated, can provide reliable and durable reconstruction of a wide variety of injuries.
Prophylactic Intraoperative Nasolacrimal Duct Intubation in Surgical Treatment of Facial Fractures—Is There a Role?
Authors: Teoh Ryan Liang Wei , Fong Pei Yuan , Cai Elijah Zhengyang , Yap Yan Lin , Hing Eileen Chor Hoong , Lee Han Jing , Nallathamby Vigneswaran , Ong Wei Chen , Lim Jane , Sundar Gangadhara , Lim Thiam Chye
Published: April 2022

Nasolacrimal duct (NLD) damage is associated in the majority of type II and III naso-orbito-ethmoid (NOE) fractures.1 Our study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic NLD intubation in the setting of facial fractures, by comparing incidence of postoperative epiphora and wound infection. A retrospective matched control study was conducted on all patients with surgically treated facial fractures from 2008 to 2013 (n = 280) (IRB ref number: DSRB 2013/01198). Patients with the following fracture types were included: NOE (n = 16), frontal sinus (n = 2), Le Fort II/III (n = 8), and > 1 type (n = 48). All patients in this study were included with the intention to treat. The study group comprised patients who were intubated, while the control group patients were not intubated. Each group had 37 patients matched for age, gender, fracture type, and injury type. A single oculoplastic surgeon skilled in lacrimal surgery performed the procedure for all intubated patients. Patients with more severe and complex facial fractures were intubated with bicanalicular Crawford stents. Postoperative epiphora and infective complications (both facial wound and dacryocystitis) were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. There was no significant difference in incidence of either postoperative epiphora (p = 0.152) or wound infection (p = 0.556) comparing both groups. Reduced incidence of postoperative epiphora in the study group is statistically not significant and does not support the need for prophylactic intubation. If radiographic evidence of NLD disruption or regurgitation seen on syringing on the NLD intraoperatively is present, intubation is safe and efficacious only if performed by an expert.
Leadership Roles, Academic Appointments, and Scholarly Activity—Does a Fellowship after Plastic Surgery Training Make a Difference?
Authors: Christopher Adrienne N. , Patel Viren , Mellia Joseph A. , Morris Martin P. , Diatta Fortunay , Murphy Alexander I. , Fischer John P.
Published: April 2022

Background Fellowship training is becoming more popular in plastic surgery, with over half of residents pursuing advanced training. Here, we investigate how clinical and research fellowship training impacts career trajectory and scholastic achievement in academic plastic surgery.

Methods Plastic surgery faculty members, from programs recognized by the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons, were identified using institutional Web sites. Data extracted included faculty demographics, training history, academic positions, and research productivity. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using t-tests and chi-square, respectively.

Results In total, 949 faculty members were included, with 657 (69%) having completed fellowship training. Integrated program residents were more likely to complete a fellowship when compared with independent residents (p < 0.0001). Fellowship trained faculty were more likely to have graduated from a higher ranked residency program, in terms of both overall and research reputation (p = 0.005 and p = 0.016, respectively). When controlling for years in practice, there was no difference found in number of publications, Hirsch index (h-index), or National Institutes of Health funding between faculty between the two cohorts (p > 0.05). In a subanalysis comparing hand, craniofacial, microsurgery, and research fellowships, those who completed a research fellowship had higher h-indices and were more likely to reach full professor status (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Fellowship training had no effect on being promoted to Chief/Chair of departments (p = 0.16).

Conclusion Fellowship training is common among academic plastic surgeons. In this study, both clinical and research fellowships were associated with various aspects of academic success. However, fellowship training alone did not affect attainment of leadership positions.
Gender differences in emotional connotative meaning of words measured by Osgood’s semantic differential techniques in young adults
Authors: Chapman Robert M. , Gardner Margaret N. , Lyons Megan
Published: April 2022

Semantic differential techniques are a useful, well-validated tool to assess affective processing of stimuli and determine how that processing is impacted by various demographic factors, such as gender. In this paper, we explore differences in connotative word processing between men and women as measured by Osgood’s semantic differential and what those differences imply about affective processing in the two genders. We recruited 94 young participants (47 men, 47 women, ages 18–39) using an online survey and collected their affective ratings of 120 words on three rating tasks: Evaluation (E), Potency (P), and Activity (A). With these data, we explored the theoretical and mathematical overlap between Osgood’s affective meaning factor structure and other models of emotional processing commonly used in gender analyses. We then used Osgood’s three-dimensional structure to assess gender-related differences in three affective classes of words (words with connotation that is Positive, Neutral, or Negative for each task) and found that there was no significant difference between the genders when rating Positive words and Neutral words on each of the three rating tasks. However, young women consistently rated Negative words more negatively than young men did on all three of the independent dimensions. This confirms the importance of taking gender effects into account when measuring emotional processing. Our results further indicate there may be differences between Osgood’s structure and other models of affective processing that should be further explored.
Asset pricing and nominal price illusion in China
Authors: Yang Pujian , Yang Liu
Published: April 2022

Based on the Fama’s three-factor model (FF3) and five-factor model (FF5), this study adds a low-priced stock premium factor LPP, and then builds a new four-factor and six-factor model respectively to examine the impact of low-price premium (LPP) on the pricing of China’s stock market. The research indicates that LPP is a reliable and effective pricing component in China’s A-share market, and it may be used as a systematic factor in the Chinese stock market’s asset pricing model. The LPP factor shows a strong negative association with stock excess returns. And the inclusion of the LPP in the FF3 and FF5 still passes the robustness test. Meanwhile, the six-factor model created by combining the LPP factor with the FF5 could explain Chinese stock market pricing better.
Investigating the behavior of normal and sickle hemoglobin on a molecular level
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: April 2022

Molecular dynamics simulations show different binding and elasticity in mutated and nonmutated protein
Direct statistical simulation of the Lorenz63 system
Authors: Li Kuan , Marston J. B. , Saxena Saloni , Tobias Steven M.
Published: April 2022

We use direct statistical simulation to find the low-order statistics of the well-known dynamical system, the Lorenz63 model. Instead of accumulating statistics from numerical simulation of the dynamical system or solving the Fokker–Planck equation for the full probability distribution of the dynamical system, we directly solve the equations of motion for the low-order statistics after closing them by making several different choices for the truncation. Fixed points of the statistics are obtained either by time evolving or by iterative methods. The stability and statistical realizability of the fixed points of the statistics are analyzed, and the statistics so obtained are compared to those found by the traditional approach. Low-order statistics of the chaotic Lorenz63 system can be obtained from cumulant expansions more efficiently than by accumulation via direct numerical simulation or by solution of the Fokker–Planck equation.
Combination model for day-ahead solar forecasting using local and global model input
Authors: Song Guiting , Huva Robert , Zhao Yangyang
Published: April 2022

Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models over limited areas enable the simulation of local atmospheric processes in more detail and with a higher degree of accuracy when compared to global models. Limited-area NWP models can outperform their global counterparts due to higher resolution (ability to explicitly simulate processes) and tailored physics (global models, unless run as a physics ensemble, have one set of parameterization schemes for the whole globe). However, increased accuracy from an NWP model is not guaranteed and can vary based on the location and variable of interest. In this paper, we present a method for combining the output of a limited-area NWP model, the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and its global model—the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) deterministic model. We simulate day-ahead global horizontal irradiance for a location in Qinghai, China. WRF model configurations optimized by the type of day (cloud amount) are then implemented based on the ECMWF model forecast of cloud amount. A regression model to combined ECMWF and WRF model forecasts is then trained. The optimized coefficients (weights) of ECMWF and WRF show increasing WRF importance with higher cloud amounts and the combination out-performs the ECMWF input by 5.2% and the best WRF configuration by 7.2% on a 2.5-month testing set. The performance of the combined model increased with observed cloud amount where the combined model out-performed the ECMWF model by 12.6% for cloudy days indicating the relative importance of physical downscaling for the simulation of clouds.
Nitrogen-vacancy defects in germanium
Authors: Kuganathan Navaratnarajah , Grimes Robin W. , Chroneos Alexander
Published: April 2022

While nitrogen doping has been investigated extensively in silicon, there is only limited information on its interaction with vacancies in germanium, despite most point defect processes in germanium being vacancy controlled. Thus, spin polarized density functional theory calculations are used to examine the association of nitrogen with lattice vacancies in germanium and for comparison in silicon. The results demonstrate significant charge transfer to nitrogen from the nearest neighbor Ge and strong N–Ge bond formation. The presence of vacancies results in a change in nitrogen coordination (from tetrahedral to trigonal planar) though the total charge transfer to N is maintained. A variety of nitrogen vacancy clusters are considered, all of which demonstrated strong binding energies. Substitutional nitrogen remains an effective trap for vacancies even if it has already trapped one vacancy.
Application of machine learning methods in photovoltaic output power prediction: A review
Authors: Zhang Wenyong , Li Qingwei , He Qifeng
Published: April 2022

As the proportion of photovoltaic (PV) power generation rapidly increases, accurate PV output power prediction becomes more crucial to energy efficiency and renewable energy production. There are numerous approaches for PV output power prediction. Many researchers have previously summarized PV output power prediction from different angles. However, there are relatively few studies that use machine learning methods as a means to conduct a separate review of PV output power prediction. This review classifies machine learning methods from different perspectives and provides a systematic and critical review of machine learning methods for recent PV output power applications in terms of the temporal and spatial scales of prediction and finds that the artificial neural network and support vector machine are used much more frequently than other methods. In addition, this study examines the differences between the output power prediction of individual PV plants and regional PV stations and the benefits of regional PV plant prediction, while this paper presents some performance evaluation matrices commonly used for PV output power prediction. In addition, to further improve the accuracy of machine learning methods for PV output power prediction, some researchers suggest preprocessing the input data of the prediction models or considering hybrid machine learning methods. Furthermore, the potential advantages of machine model optimization for prediction performance improvement are discussed and explored in detail.
Bubble dynamics in concentric multi-orifice column under normal and reduced gravity
Authors: Saha Avik , Das Arup Kumar
Published: April 2022

A bubble column with concentrically arranged orifices has been numerically simulated in this article. Bubble growth, departure, and rise have been studied stage-wise to understand the effect of the neighboring orifice and bubbles on these phenomena. A dissimilar inflow condition through the orifices has also been applied in simulations to make out the effect of asymmetric interfacial interaction on the overall performance of the bubble column. Furthermore, the effect of reduced gravity on the bubble departure volume, frequency, and interaction has also been analyzed. A new scheme of the intermittent inflow has been proposed to reduce the bubble size and improve the bubble column performance. An effort has also been made to analytically predict the minimum bubble size from the basic understanding of the departure mechanism for both continuous and intermittent flow conditions. For further improvement of the bubble column performance, the effect of inflow velocity and on time for intermittent flow has been studied, and the rationale of making the right choice of those parameters has been discussed.
X-ray tomographic micro-particle velocimetry in porous media
Authors: Bultreys T. , Van Offenwert S. , Goethals W. , Boone M. N. , Aelterman J. , Cnudde V.
Published: April 2022

Fluid flow through intricate confining geometries often exhibits complex behaviors, certainly in porous materials, e.g., in groundwater flows or the operation of filtration devices and porous catalysts. However, it has remained extremely challenging to measure 3D flow fields in such micrometer-scale geometries. Here, we introduce a new 3D velocimetry approach for optically opaque porous materials, based on time-resolved x-ray micro-computed tomography (CT). We imaged the movement of x-ray tracing micro-particles in creeping flows through the pores of a sandpack and a porous filter, using laboratory-based CT at frame rates of tens of seconds and voxel sizes of 12 μm. For both experiments, fully three-dimensional velocity fields were determined based on thousands of individual particle trajectories, showing a good match to computational fluid dynamics simulations. Error analysis was performed by investigating a realistic simulation of the experiments. The method has the potential to measure complex, unsteady 3D flows in porous media and other intricate microscopic geometries. This could cause a breakthrough in the study of fluid dynamics in a range of scientific and industrial application fields.
Mutational background influencesP. aeruginosaciprofloxacin resistance evolution but preserves collateral sensitivity robustness
Authors: Hernando-Amado Sara , Laborda Pablo , Valverde José Ramón , Martínez José Luis
Published: April 2022

Significance

Bacterial adaptation to the presence of an antibiotic often involves evolutionary trade-offs, such as increased susceptibility to other drugs (collateral sensitivity). Its exploitation to design improved therapeutic strategies is only feasible if collateral sensitivity is robust, reproducible, and emerges in resistant mutants; these issues are rarely addressed in available publications. We describe a robust collateral sensitivity phenotype that emerges in different antibiotic-resistance mutational backgrounds, due to different genetic events, and propose therapeutic strategies effective for treating infections caused byPseudomonas aeruginosaantibiotic-resistant mutants. Since conserved collateral sensitivity phenotypes do not confer adaptation to the presence of antibiotics, our results are also relevant for understanding convergent evolution processes in which the force selecting the emerging phenotype remains unclear.
Preclinical evaluation of a precision medicine approach to DNA vaccination in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Postigo-Fernandez Jorge , Firdessa-Fite Rebuma , Creusot Rémi J.
Published: April 2022

Significance

Antigen-specific immunotherapy may be improved by focusing on epitopes that are disease-relevant and known to be presented on an individual’s human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype, while targeting T cells across multiple antigens and including specific neoepitopes that are not present in protein antigens and/or not produced beyond inflamed sites. Here, we provide proof of principle that such a strategy applied to tolerogenic DNA vaccination is effective in a preclinical model of autoimmune diabetes, paving the way for precision medicine using endogenously encoded epitopes. It takes a minimum number of regular treatments to achieve a level of tolerance and regulation that is needed to limit insulitis and provide sustained protection before treatment may be discontinued or reduced in frequency.
Mice exhibit stochastic and efficient action switching during probabilistic decision making
Authors: Beron Celia C. , Neufeld Shay Q. , Linderman Scott W. , Sabatini Bernardo L.
Published: April 2022

Significance

To obtain rewards in changing and uncertain environments, animals must adapt their behavior. We found that mouse choice and trial-to-trial switching behavior in a dynamic and probabilistic two-choice task could be modeled by equivalent theoretical, algorithmic, and descriptive models. These models capture components of evidence accumulation, choice history bias, and stochasticity in mouse behavior. Furthermore, they reveal that mice adapt their behavior in different environmental contexts by modulating their level of stickiness to their previous choice. Despite deviating from the behavior of a theoretically ideal observer, the empirical models achieve comparable levels of near-maximal reward. These results make predictions to guide interrogation of the neural mechanisms underlying flexible decision-making strategies.
Generalized scaling of spin qubit coherence in over 12,000 host materials
Authors: Kanai Shun , Heremans F. Joseph , Seo Hosung , Wolfowicz Gary , Anderson Christopher P. , Sullivan Sean E. , Onizhuk Mykyta , Galli Giulia , Awschalom David D. , Ohno Hideo
Published: April 2022

Significance

Atomic defects in solid-state materials are promising candidates as quantum bits, or qubits. New materials are actively being investigated as hosts for new defect qubits; however, there are no unifying guidelines that can quantitatively predict qubit performance in a new material. One of the most critical property of qubits is their quantum coherence. While cluster correlation expansion (CCE) techniques are useful to simulate the coherence of electron spins in defects, they are computationally expensive to investigate broad classes of stable materials. Using CCE simulations, we reveal a general scaling relation between the electron spin coherence time and the properties of qubit host materials that enables rapid and quantitative exploration of new materials hosting spin defects.
Ultrafast isolated molecule imaging without crystallization
Authors: Ma Zhuoran , Zou Xiao , Zhao Lingrong , Qi Fengfeng , Jiang Tao , Zhu Pengfei , Xiang Dao , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2022

Significance

Excitation of molecules by an ultrashort laser pulse creates rotational wave packets that lead to transient alignment of the molecules along the laser polarization direction. Here, we show that a train of ultrashort laser pulses can be used to enhance the degree of alignment to a high level such that the diffraction from precisely timed ultrashort electron beams may be used to reconstruct the structure of the isolated molecules with atomic resolution through a coherent diffraction imaging technique. Our results mark a great step toward imaging noncrystallized molecules with atomic resolution and pave the way for creation of three-dimensional “molecular movies” at the femtosecond time scale and atomic spatial scale.