bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herding Behavior and Liquidity in the Cryptocurrency Market
Authors: Arsi Sonia , Guesmi Khaled , Bouri Elie
Published: April 2021

In view of explosive trends and excessive trades in the cryptocurrency markets, this paper contributes to the existing literature by bringing in the limelight the effect of liquidity on the herding behavior in the cryptocurrency market. Results from a first applied herding model including contemporaneous and lagged squared market returns demonstrated that market-wide herding exists within falling markets. The incorporation of liquidity highlights further evidences on herding behavior across cryptocurrencies during high and low liquid days, which varies across percentiles. Our findings bring handy implications for topics of portfolio and risk management, as well as regulation.
Characterization of the dissipative structure for the symmetric hyperbolic system with non-symmetric relaxation
Authors: Ueda Yoshihiro
Published: April 2021

This paper is concerned with the dissipative structure for the linear symmetric hyperbolic system with non-symmetric relaxation. If the relaxation matrix of the system has symmetric property, Shizuta and Kawashima in 1985 introduced the suitable stability condition called Classical Stability Condition in this paper, and Umeda, Kawashima and Shizuta in 1984 analyzed the dissipative structure of the standard type. On the other hand, Ueda, Duan and Kawashima in 2012 and 2018 focused on the system with non-symmetric relaxation, and got the partial result which is the extension of known results. Furthermore, they argued the new dissipative structure called the regularity-loss type. In this situation, our purpose of this paper is to extend the stability theory introduced by Shizuta and Kawashima in 1985 and Umeda, Kawashima and Shizuta in 1984 for our general system.
Network Intrusion Detection Based on an Improved Long‐Short‐Term Memory Model in Combination with Multiple Spatiotemporal Structures
Authors: Huang Xiaolong
Published: April 2021

Aimed at the existing problems in network intrusion detection, this paper proposes an improved LSTM combined with spatiotemporal structure for intrusion detection. The unsupervised spatiotemporal encoder is used to intelligently extract the spatial characteristics of network traffic data samples. It can not only retain the overall/nonlocal characteristics of the data samples but also extract the most essential deep features of the data samples. Finally, the extracted features are used as input of the LSTM model to realize classification and identification for intrusion samples. Experimental verification shows that the accuracy and false alarm rate of the intrusion detection model based on the neural network are significantly better than those of other traditional models.
Mechanical Response of Castlegate Sandstone under Hydrostatic Cyclic Loading
Authors: Kibikas William M. , Bauer Stephen J.
Published: April 2021

The stress history of rocks in the subsurface affects their mechanical and petrophysical properties. Rocks can often experience repeated cycles of loading and unloading due to fluid pressure fluctuations, which will lead to different mechanical behavior from static conditions. This is of importance for several geophysical and industrial applications, for example, wastewater injection and reservoir storage wells, which generate repeated stress perturbations. Laboratory experiments were conducted with Castlegate sandstone to observe the effects of different cyclic pressure loading conditions on a common reservoir analogue. Each sample was hydrostatically loaded in a triaxial cell to a low effective confining pressure, and either pore pressure or confining pressure was cycled at different rates over the course of a few weeks. Fluid permeability was measured during initial loading and periodically between stress cycles. Samples that undergo cyclic loading experience significantly more inelastic (nonrecoverable) strain compared to samples tested without cyclic hydrostatic loading. Permeability decreases rapidly for all tests during the first few days of testing, but the decrease and variability of permeability after this depend upon the loading conditions of each test. Cycling conditions do affect the mechanical behavior; the elastic moduli decrease with the increasing loading rate and stress cycling. The degree of volumetric strain induced by stress cycles is the major control on permeability change in the sandstones, with less compaction leading to more variation from measurement to measurement. The data indicate that cyclic loading degrades permeability and porosity more than static conditions over a similar period, but the petrophysical properties are dictated more by the hydrostatic loading rate rather than the total length of time stress cycling is imposed.
The Ancient Scythian Kings according to Herodotus
Authors: Ognibene Paolo
Published: April 2021

In the fourth book of Herodotus’ Histories, in one of the two legends on the origin of the Scythians, we read the name of the progenitor of this people and his descendants. In the following paragraphs, Herodotus recalls names of other Scythian kings. These data cannot be useful in the traditional sense that genealogies have: they do not contribute in any way to date events or to put order in their sequence. They do not even help us to understand the problem of the transmission of power in strict sense. Nevertheless, they are important to enlighten the “Scythian question” and the aspects of the conservation of traditions in the Scythian society. In this article I examine these last two aspects in the context of Scythian studies from the mid-19th century up to now with a particular attention to the so-called “Scythian question” in Russia.
The etymology of Korean ssal ‘uncooked grain’ and pap ‘cooked grain’
Authors: JOO Ian
Published: April 2021

In this paper, I will provide etymological explanations for the two Korean words for ‘grain’: ssal ‘uncooked grain’ and pap ‘cooked grain.’ The word ssal ‘uncooked grain’ is a loanword from Middle Chinese bu-sat ‘Bodhisattva,’ linking the Buddhist holy figure to the type of food that has a sacred status in Korean culture. The support for this claim comes from the fact that (i) grains were sometimes associated with the Buddha’s body in Korea, and (ii) certain dialects of Japanese have also referred to rice—undoubtedly the most favored type of grain—as bosatsu ‘Bodhisattva’ or buppō-sama ‘Lord Buddha Dharma.’ Moreover, pap ‘cooked grain’ is most likely derived from the baby-talk term for ‘food,’ because cross-linguistically, baby-talk terms for ‘food’ or ‘to eat’ tend to be similar to /papa/ or /mama/, some of which shifted into the adult-talk term for food or a common type of food.
Ancient Chinese sentence final particle ěr 爾
Authors: ZÁDRAPA Lukáš
Published: April 2021

The article amounts to a fully comprehensive study on the sentence final particle ěr 爾 in Classical Chinese. After an overview of the explanations of the functions of the particle in reference books, all relevant occurrences in the pre-Qín texts are analysed, and the results are compared with its usage in the documents of the Western Hàn era. The possible interpretations of its meaning(s) proposed by the author are subsequently put in relation to hypothetical etymological links based on the theory of Old Chinese morphology in Sagart’s vein.
The Differential Efficacy of a Professional Development Model on Reading Outcomes for Students With and Without Disabilities
Authors: Swanson Elizabeth , Vaughn Sharon , Fall Anna-Maria , Stevens Elizabeth A. , Stewart Alicia A. , Capin Philip , Roberts Greg
Published: April 2021

This study examined the differential effects of Strategies for Reading Informational Text and Vocabulary Effectively (STRIVE) on the vocabulary, reading comprehension, and content learning among 4,757 fourth-grade students with and without disabilities. Schools were assigned to one of three conditions: researcher-supported professional development (RPD), school-supported professional development (SPD), or business as usual (BAU). Treatment teachers received 12 hr of professional development distributed over time and delivered a set of instructional practices for teaching vocabulary and comprehension embedded within 36 social studies lessons (45 min per lesson). Findings revealed that students with and without disabilities in classes assigned to STRIVE treatment (SPD and RPD) outperformed their peers in classes assigned to the BAU condition at a statistically significant level on measures of content knowledge and content vocabulary and a distal measure of vocabulary. STRIVE did not affect students with disabilities (SWDs) and without disabilities differentially on the measures of content knowledge and distal vocabulary, though effects sizes for non-SWDs in SPD and RPD were larger than those for SWDs.
A systematic review of the roles of social workers in inclusive education for children with disabilities
Authors: Asamoah Edward , Tam Cherry Hau-lin , Cudjoe Ebenezer
Published: April 2021

International and local communities have made commitments to ensure that children with disabilities have equal opportunities in education, just like their non-disabled counterparts. Regardless of the increasing research about the development of inclusive education for children with disabilities, inclusive education is not achieved. This calls for a focus on what other professionals, like social workers, can contribute to the successful implementation of inclusive education. A systematic review yielding 11 studies revealed that social workers perform well-known generalist practitioner roles like advocacy, collaboration, education, facilitation and provider of psychosocial support which emphasises the need to involve social workers in inclusive schools.
A Look Back: Talking about school sports in Kappan
Authors: Preston Teresa
Published: April 2021

In the monthly Look Back column, Teresa Preston describes how Kappan authors have addressed the role of sports in schools. Articles have debated whether playing on teams is beneficial to student athletes or whether it distracts them from more important academic pursuits, with most finding that the research is inconclusive. Authors have also considered the amount of time and resources schools commit to athletic programs and whether the programs are worth the investment for the school as a whole. Another area of inquiry has focused on the culture of sports programs and the role of coaches in ensuring that their teams play a positive role in students’ development.
On Leadership: Too much autonomy can mean too little equity
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: April 2021

District leaders often strive to give their principals as much autonomy as possible, focusing instead on putting the right people in place, getting consensus on a clear vision, and giving school leaders the tools to enact that vision. However, as Joshua Starr explains, some school leaders may then decide that the district’s equity goals are optional. He urges leaders to take a more hands-on approach to equity and describes specific avenues for doing so.
Open Book Examination and Higher Education During COVID-19: Case of University of Delhi
Authors: Ashri Dhananjay , Sahoo Bibhu P.
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has shaken the higher education sector. Indian academic institutes are well acquainted with the traditional closed book examination; however, the pandemic has forced the institutes to resort to new methods to evaluate the students. Many academic units in India did not take the examination in the light of public health, but in the case of the University of Delhi, it decided to conduct an online open book examination (OBE). Therefore, in the present paper, we aim to evaluate the strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of conducting online OBE by referring to the vast literature available. We further extended our study by assessing the students’ performance in an OBE and closed book examination. The results unveiled that students tend to score higher marks in the case of an OBE set up compared to closed book examination.
Design of back propagation optimized Nagar-Bardini structure-based interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems for fuzzy identification
Authors: Chen Yang , Yang Jiaxiu
Published: April 2021

In recent years, fuzzy identification based on system identification theory has become a hot academic topic. Interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (IT2 FLSs) have become a rising technology. This paper designs a type of Nagar-Bardini (NB) structure-based singleton IT2 FLSs for fuzzy identification problems. The antecedents of primary membership functions of IT2 FLSs are chosen as Gaussian type-2 primary membership functions with uncertain standard deviations. Then, the back propagation algorithms are used to tune the parameters of IT2 FLSs according to the chain rule of derivation. Compared with the type-1 fuzzy logic systems, simulation studies show that the proposed IT2 FLSs can obtain better abilities of generalization for fuzzy identification problems.
Capacitance pressure sensor with S-type electrode for improved sensitivity
Authors: KV Santhosh , Rao Swetha
Published: April 2021

This paper aims at designing a differential pressure sensor. The objective of the work is to design and fabricate the electrodes of a capacitive pressure sensor, so as to measure absolute and differential pressure accurately with improved sensitivity. In place of conventional parallel plate diaphragm, S-type electrodes are proposed in the present work. The work comprises of study of the proposed design in terms of a mathematical model, input-output behavior along with detailed analysis of pressure distribution pattern. Output capacitance obtained for changes in pressure is converted to voltage with the suitable signal conditioning circuit and data acquisition system to acquire the signal on to a PC. A neural network model is designed to compensate the nonlinearities present in the sensor output. Input-output characteristics of the designed sensor shows an improved response as compared with existing pressure sensors.
Application of semi-active inerter in a two-body point absorber via force tracking
Authors: Hu Yinlong , Hua Tianyang , Chen Michael Z. Q. , Shi Shang , Sun Yonghui
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a self-reaction point absorber (PA) wave energy converter is studied, where wave energy is collected by the relative motion of the on-board plate and the buoy. The purpose of this study is to increase the relative displacement to obtain the maximum power. A semi-active inerter (SAI) is applied in the system, which is controlled by a force-tracking (FT) strategy. Two parts are required in the FT strategy: a target active control law; and a proper control law to adjust the inertance to track the active force (AF). The target control law is obtained by the full-state feedback of the state-space model of a two-body PA . The control law to adjust the inertance is to saturate the AF between the maximal and minimal semi-active force of an SAI. Both linear time-invariant system and linear time-varying system are studied. Power absorption is improved in both two systems by the application of SAIs. Moreover, the influence of dimensionless parameters on the ratio of power absorption improvement in the considered linear time-varying system is studied. Numerical simulation shows that the ratio of power absorption improvement is most sensitive to the changes of mass ratio of the on-board plate and the buoy.
Examining discrimination and familism values as longitudinal predictors of prosocial behaviors among recent immigrant adolescents
Authors: Davis Alexandra N. , McGinley Meredith , Carlo Gustavo , Schwartz Seth J. , Unger Jennifer B. , Rosiers Sabrina E. Des , Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes , Lorenzo-Blanco Elma I. , Soto Daniel
Published: April 2021

The current study was designed to address gaps in the existing literature by examining the role of discrimination and familism values as predictors of multiple forms of prosocial behaviors across time in a sample of recent immigrant Latino/a adolescents. Participants were 302 recent immigrant Latino/a adolescents (53.3% male; average age 14.51 years, range = 13–17). Data were collected from adolescents in two U.S. cities: Los Angeles ( n = 150) and Miami ( n = 152). Adolescents completed measures of their own discrimination experiences, familism values, and tendency to engage in six forms of prosocial behaviors. Results indicated generally positive links between familism values and prosocial behaviors. Discrimination also positively predicted public prosocial behaviors and negatively predicted altruistic prosocial behaviors. We discuss the development of cultural processes and perceptions of discrimination experiences, and how these factors predict helping behaviors among immigrant adolescents.
Why Do People Visit Art Museums? Examining Visitor Motivations and Visit Outcomes
Authors: Cotter Katherine N. , Fekete Anna , Silvia Paul J.
Published: April 2021

People visit museums with differing motivations. We use Falk’s visitor identity model to examine visitors’ motivations to visit an art museum. We assess (1) the prevalence of different motivation types; (2) how visit motivations and outcomes relate to visit satisfaction and length; and (3) the relation between visit motivations and fulfillment of expectations. We found that (1) visitors most strongly endorsed motivations and visit outcomes related to exploration and least strongly to facilitating another’s visit; (2) visit outcomes predicted visit satisfaction and length more strongly than did visit motivations; and (3) visit outcomes largely met or exceeded the visitors’ pre-visit expectations. The present findings suggest that outcomes of the visit matter more than motivations for visiting. We suggest that examining the entirety of a visit—pre-visit motivation and post-visit outcomes—may provide new insights about art museum visits that may be obscured when focusing on just one of these aspects.
Is a tailored strategy using proton beam radiotherapy for reirradiation advantageous for elderly women? A case report
Authors: Barcellini Amelia , Ditto Antonino , Mirandola Alfredo , Roccio Marianna , Imparato Sara , Raspagliesi Francesco , Orlandi Ester
Published: April 2021

Background:

The management of primary or recurrent vaginal tumours in an aging population is challenging for gynecologic and radiation oncologists. In patients unsuited for surgery and already irradiated on the pelvis, proton beam radiotherapy may be worthwhile due to its ballistic advantages.

Case report:

We report the case of an 80-year-old woman with a squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina after a history of pelvic radiation and vaginal brachytherapy delivered for a previous endometrial adenocarcinoma. She received proton beam radiotherapy with a complete response after 12 months and mild toxicity.

Conclusions:

The complexity of reirradiation management in the frail and elderly population requires attention. Efforts should be focused on maintaining autonomy and quality of life in order to improve adherence and clinical compliance to the treatment. In the era of the tailored approach, hadrontherapy can play an important role to minimize toxicity, obtain good local control, and reduce the overall treatment time.
Dropout from Treatment and Desistance from Crime among Released Prisoners in Jerusalem Halfway House for Prisoners with Substance Misuse Disorder
Authors: Shoham Efrat , Efodi Rotem , Haviv Noam , Gross Shader Claudia
Published: April 2021

The study aims to investigate the rates of recidivism among prisoners on parole with a substance misuse disorder who participated in the Jerusalem halfway-house, which combines supervision, employment, and a comprehensive therapeutic program. The study population included all participants who have been treated in the halfway-house ( N = 125), whereas the comparison group included all prisoners with a substance misuse disorder who were released after serving their full sentences ( N = 321). To reduce possible selection biases, the Propensity Score Matching method was used. Findings show that prisoners, who were treated at the Jerusalem halfway-house, are characterized by higher and frequent rates of recidivism. However, when only completers of the halfway-house were evaluated, it was found that they had lower and slower rates of recidivism. Findings suggest that completing treatment contributes to desistance from crime in the critical post-release years among participants and indicates the importance of optimal diagnostic processes before admitting prisoners to a halfway-house.
Assessing the Bus Bridging Effectiveness on the Operational Resilience of the Subway Service in Toronto
Authors: Itani Alaa , Shalaby Amer
Published: April 2021

Unplanned rail disruptions result in substantial delays to passengers and severe effects on the economy of a large city like Toronto. While bus bridging has been a widely adopted method to replace the subway service in such events, its effect on the operational resilience of the subway service is less often studied. This study assesses the resilience of the subway network of Toronto employing an optimal bus bridging strategy. First, subway incidents are categorized based on their characteristics using K-mean clustering analysis. The incidents are then grouped based on the performance of optimal bus bridging plans. Classification and regression tree analysis is used for this task, employing two metrics: the total user delay and total number of shuttle buses under the optimal bridging scenario. Queueing and optimization models developed previously by the University of Toronto are used to determine and simulate the optimal bus bridging plans of a sample of incidents. The severity of unplanned disruptions is finally demonstrated using a severity scale and the effect of incident duration uncertainty is analyzed. The results show that along the congested city alignments, where the capacity of the roads and stations is limited, the bus bridging service is often insufficient to replace the train service. However, it could be a good alternative in uncongested subway segments where the available street capacity is relatively high, allowing large bus volumes to serve the corridor. This model is easily applicable to different rail systems and it could assess other systems to produce better bridging plans.
Acute Strokelike Presentation and Long-term Evolution of Diffusion Restriction Pattern in Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy
Authors: Lim Jaehyung , Shayota Brian J. , Lay Erica , Elsea Sarah H. , Bekheirnia Mir Reza , Tessier Mary Elizabeth M. , Kralik Stephen F. , Rice Gregory M. , Soler-Alfonso Claudia , Scaglia Fernando
Published: April 2021

Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder caused by pathogenic biallelic variants in the ETHE1 gene. The phenotype of this disease has been attributed to deficiency in the mitochondrial sulfur dioxygenase leading to many downstream effects. Ethylmalonic encephalopathy classically presents with developmental regression, petechiae, acrocyanosis, and chronic diarrhea. The neurologic phenotype includes hypotonia, spastic diplegia, ataxia, and developmental delay. As more patients with this condition are described, the neurologic phenotype continues to expand. Although strokelike episodes or metabolic strokes have been studied in other mitochondrial disorders, they have not been thoroughly reported in this disorder. Herein, we describe 3 patients with ethylmalonic encephalopathy who presented clinically with strokelike episodes and strokelike abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging in the setting of acute illness, and the long-term sequelae with evolution into cystic changes in one of these subjects.
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections in Intensive Care
Authors: Ogica Alexandru , Burdelski Christoph , Rohde Holger , Kluge Stefan , de Heer Geraldine
Published: April 2021

Background:

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are typically characterized by extensive soft tissue destruction with systemic signs of toxicity, ranging from sepsis to septic shock. Our aim was to analyze the clinical characteristics, microbiological results, laboratory data, therapies, and outcome of patients with NSTIs admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods:

A monocentric observational study of patients admitted to the ICU of a university hospital between January 2009 and December 2017. The demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical features, microbiology and laboratory results, organ dysfunctions, therapies, and outcome were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:

There were 59 patients and 70% males. The mean age (± SD) was 55 ± 18; type II (monomicrobial) NSTI was present in 36 patients (61%); the most common isolated pathogen was Streptococcus pyogenes in 28 patients (48%). Septic shock was diagnosed in 41 patients (70%). The most common organ dysfunctions were circulatory and renal in 42 (71%) and 38 patients (64%). The mean value (± SD) of serum lactate at admission to the ICU was 4.22 ± 5.42 mmol/l, the median SOFA score and SAPS II were 7 (IQR 4 - 10) and 46 (IQR 30.5 - 53). ICU mortality rate was 25%. Both SOFA score and serum lactate demonstrated a good prognostic value regarding ICU outcome (OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.07-1.57, P < 0.007 and OR 1.53, 95%CI 1.19-1.98, P < 0.001). A cut-off value for serum lactate of 6.55 mmol/L positively predicted mortality with 67% sensitivity and 97% specificity.

Conclusion:

NSTIs carry a high risk of septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and thus are still associated with high mortality. In our study, the value of serum lactate at admission to the ICU correlated well with mortality. This easy-to-measure parameter could play a role in the decision-making process regarding prognosis and continuation of care.
Preparation and in-vitro evaluation of β-CD/HA nanocomposite as a potential carrier for hydrophobic drugs
Authors: Salimi Esmaeil , Molaei Mohammad Jafar
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to provide a new drug delivery system for hydrophobic compounds. Dexamethasone (DEX) was employed as a hydrophobic model drug, which incorporated into the network of hydroxyapatite (HA)/Cyclodextrin (β-CD) nanocomposite. Phase analysis, chemical bonding, morphology, and drug release was evaluated using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and UV-vis spectroscopy, respectively. XRD patterns showed the formation of the crystalline structure and FTIR analysis showed the chemical bonding between organic and inorganic phases. FESEM images accompanied by EDX analysis confirmed the presence of HA nano-flakes. Release of DEX loaded β-CD/HA was measured to be around 4.6% and 18.7% in pH5.3 and pH 7.4, respectively. In conclusion, the prepared system could be a potential pH sensitive carrier for sustainable release of water-insoluble drugs.
The German National Library and the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Oehlschläger Susanne , Räuber Jörg , Gömpel Renate , Scholze Frank
Published: April 2021

As a library with books and other resources that can be used only onsite for copyright reasons, the German National Library faced special challenges caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The article describes how the German National Library has been answering to the new situation.
Friction fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control for electronic throttles with sliding mode and adaptive RBF estimator
Authors: Li Shoutao , Shi Yiran , Zhai Yujia , Wang Shuangxin , Tian Yantao , Yu Ding-Li
Published: April 2021

The change of throttle viscous and coulomb frictions often cause inaccuracy or malfunction in electronic throttles, and lead to degradation of reliability of vehicles with internal combustion engines. A fault detection fault tolerant control scheme is proposed in this work to tackle the problem. A nonlinear dynamic model is derived for the throttle. A disturbance observer is designed based on the model to diagnose the fault, and a sliding mode control combined with an adaptive neural network estimator is developed for fault tolerant control. The system stability is ensured after the fault occurs and the throttle position tracking is maintained by the applied Lyapunov method. A Simulink model is developed for the throttle with real physical parameters to evaluate the performance. Abrupt and incipient changes are simulated in the throttle friction torque and the simulation results show that the developed method is effective in fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control.
Clonal Architectures Predict Clinical Outcome in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Based on Genomic Variation, Tumor Evolution, and Heterogeneity
Authors: Ren Chenxia , Wu Cuiling , Wang Niuniu , Lian Changhong , Yang Changqing
Published: April 2021

Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Due to the lack of effective molecular markers and personalized treatment, the prognosis of gastric cancer patients is still very poor. The ABSOLUTE algorithm and cancer cell fraction were used to evaluate the clonal and subclonal status of 349 TCGA (The Cancer Genome Cancer Atlas)-STAD patients. Non-negative matrix factorization was used to identify the mutation characteristics of the samples. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between clonal/subclonal events and prognosis, and the Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the relationship of clonal/subclonal events to tumor mutation burden (TMB) and neoantigens. The evolution pattern of STAD demonstrated great tumor heterogeneity. TP53, USH2A, and GLI3 appeared earliest in STAD and may drive STAD. CTNNB1, LRP1B, and ERBB4 appeared the latest in STAD, and may be related to STAD’s progress. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified four early genes, eight intermediate genes, and seven late genes significantly associated with overall survival. The number of subclonal events in the T stage was significantly different. The N stage, gender, and histological type were significantly different for clonal events, and there was a significant correlation between clonal/subclonal events and TMB/neoantigens. Our results highlight the importance of systematic evaluation of evolutionary models in the clinical management of STAD and personalized gastric cancer treatment.
Professor George Archibald Grant Mitchell (1906–1993): his work with penicillin during World War II
Authors: Mohr Peter D , Seville Stephanie
Published: April 2021

George Archibald Grant Mitchell, OBE, TD, MB, ChB, ChM, MSc, DSc, FRCS (1906–1993) was a professor of anatomy at the University of Manchester from 1946 to 1973. He is mainly remembered for his research in neuroanatomy, especially of the autonomic nervous system. He studied medicine at the Aberdeen University, and after qualifying in 1929 he held posts in surgery and anatomy and worked as a surgeon in the Highlands. In 1939, he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps. He was based in Egypt and the Middle East, where he carried out trials of sulphonamides and penicillin on wounded soldiers; in 1943, he returned to England as Adviser in Penicillin Therapy for 21 Army Group, preparing for the invasion of Europe.
Mediating Role of Emotional Neglect and Self-Injurious Behaviors in the Relationship Between Family Satisfaction and Depression
Authors: Saleem Sadia , Karamat Anum , Zahra Sayyeda Taskeen , Subhan Sara , Mahmood Zahid
Published: April 2021

The current research is aimed at investigating the mediating role of emotional neglect and self-injurious behaviors in the association between family satisfaction and depressive symptoms in 312 undergraduates (45% boys and 55% girls) in the age range of 14–19 years ( M = 17.23, SD = 1.02). The measures include the Emotional Neglect Scale, Self-Injurious Behaviors Scale, Family Satisfaction Scale, and Depressive Symptomatology Scale for Adolescents and a Demographic Performa. Results indicated that emotional neglect and self-injurious behaviors fully mediated the relationship between family satisfaction and depressive symptoms in college students. These findings have very important implications for counselors to provide tailor-made intervention plans and provide preventative measures to avoid serious consequences of depression.
What About the Parental Response?: The Effect of Delinquency and Anger on Parental Monitoring
Authors: Jaggers Jeremiah W. , Tomek Sara , Hooper Lisa M. , Mitchell-Williams Missy T. , Church Wesley T.
Published: April 2021

Parental monitoring is a set of correlated parenting behaviors involving attention to and tracking of the child’s whereabouts, activities, and adaptations. The impact of parental monitoring is ubiquitous and has broad relevance for youth outcomes. Similarly, although less commonly investigated, youth behaviors can impact parents’ or caregivers’ responses or behaviors. Longitudinal analysis was used to assess the gendered effects of youth behaviors—defined as internalized anger, externalized anger, and delinquency—on parent behaviors (i.e., parental monitoring). Results showed that adolescent’s levels of internalized anger, externalized anger, and delinquency were predictive of parental monitoring. Specifically, as the adolescents aged, parental monitoring decreased and parental monitoring was differentiated based on gender. Results and implications for the parent–child relationship are discussed.
Metamaterial-inspired electrically small antenna for microwave applications
Authors: Tamim Ahmed M , Faruque Mohammad RI , Islam Mohammad T
Published: April 2021

Electrically small antennas are becoming more important to compete with the rising modern civilization. Hence, this study presents a new approach of electrically small antenna inspired by a metamaterial structure which creates an impact by achieving a multi-band property that can be applied for different microwave applications. A high-frequency electromagnetic simulator was utilized to design, simulate, and analyze the antenna performance. About 58% reduction was achieved due to the incorporation of the modified electric field-driven capacitor-driven metamaterial. The initial length of the antenna was 0.61λ0 × 0.58λ0 × 0.12λ0; however, after embedding metamaterial, 58% reduction was achieved and the size of the electrical length of the reduced antenna becomes 0.254λ0 × 0.207λ0 × 0.013λ0, where λ0 denotes free-space wavelength. The electrical limitation factor (ka) of the antenna that was 0.94 (below 1) satisfied the conditions of electrically small antenna. The antenna achieved the highest measured gain of 4.79 dB. Due to its compact miniaturized size and resonance characteristics, the proposed antenna is compatible for broad spectrum of applications in the field of microwave communication.
Oppositional voting in the Council of the EU between 2010 and 2019: Evidence for differentiated politicisation
Authors: Pircher Brigitte , Farjam Mike
Published: April 2021

This article presents a new and previously unchartered dataset on roll call votes for all 28 member states in the Council of the EU between 2010 and 2019 and studies the effects of politicisation on governments' oppositional voting in the different policy areas. We contribute to the literature with two main findings. First, our study provides strong evidence for bottom-up politicisation, where Euroscepticism and the left-right positions of national political parties strongly affect governments' voting in the Council. Second, we provide new evidence for a form of differentiated politicisation where ideological standpoints of political parties in government and opposition have different effects on oppositional voting in the various policy areas.
Microphysiological systems: What it takes for community adoption
Authors: Hargrove-Grimes Passley , Low Lucie A , Tagle Danilo A
Published: April 2021

Microphysiological systems (MPS) are promising in vitro tools which could substantially improve the drug development process, particularly for underserved patient populations such as those with rare diseases, neural disorders, and diseases impacting pediatric populations. Currently, one of the major goals of the National Institutes of Health MPS program, led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), is to demonstrate the utility of this emerging technology and help support the path to community adoption. However, community adoption of MPS technology has been hindered by a variety of factors including biological and technological challenges in device creation, issues with validation and standardization of MPS technology, and potential complications related to commercialization. In this brief Minireview, we offer an NCATS perspective on what current barriers exist to MPS adoption and provide an outlook on the future path to adoption of these in vitro tools.
Role of myokines and osteokines in cancer cachexia
Authors: Pin Fabrizio , Bonewald Lynda F , Bonetto Andrea
Published: April 2021

Cancer-induced muscle wasting, i.e. cachexia, is associated with different types of cancer such as pancreatic, colorectal, lung, liver, gastric and esophageal. Cachexia affects prognosis and survival in cancer, and it is estimated that it will be the ultimate cause of death for up to 30% of cancer patients. Musculoskeletal alterations are known hallmarks of cancer cachexia, with skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness as the most studied. Recent evidence has shed light on the presence of bone loss in cachectic patients, even in the absence of bone-metastatic disease. In particular, we and others have shown that muscle and bone communicate by exchanging paracrine and endocrine factors, known as myokines and osteokines. This review will focus on describing the role of the most studied myokines, such as myostatin, irisin, the muscle metabolite β-aminoisobutyric acid, BAIBA, and IL-6, and osteokines, including TGF-β, osteocalcin, sclerostin, RANKL, PTHrP, FGF23, and the lipid mediator, PGE2during cancer-induced cachexia. The interplay of muscle and bone factors, together with tumor-derived soluble factors, characterizes a complex clinical scenario in which musculoskeletal alterations are amongst the most debilitating features. Understanding and targeting the “secretome” of cachectic patients will likely represent a promising strategy to preserve bone and muscle during cancer cachexia thereby enhancing recovery.
Servant Leadership, Team Reflexivity, Coworker Support Climate, and Employee Creativity: A Multilevel Perspective
Authors: Wang Zhining , Guan Chunjie , Cui Tao , Cai Shaohan , Liu Dandan
Published: April 2021

Based on input–process–outcome model and contingency theory, we develop a research model that depicts the influence of coworker support climate on the cross-level process linkages among servant leadership, team reflexivity, and employee creativity. Using data collected from 442 participants in 92 teams, we conducted a multilevel analysis, which demonstrated that servant leadership promotes team reflexivity which, in turn, enhances employee creativity. In addition, our study suggests that the coworker support climate moderated the relationship between servant leadership and team reflexivity. Finally, servant leadership and coworker support climate jointly affect employee creativity via team reflexivity (multilevel-mediated moderation effect).
Ordinality: The importance of its trial list composition and examining its relation with adults’ arithmetic and mathematical reasoning
Authors: Vos Helene , Gevers Wim , Reynvoet Bert , Xenidou-Dervou Iro
Published: April 2021

Understanding whether a sequence is presented in an order or not (i.e., ordinality) is a robust predictor of adults’ arithmetic performance, but the mechanisms underlying this skill and its relationship with mathematics remain unclear. In this study, we examined (a) the cognitive strategies involved in ordinality inferred from behavioural effects observed in different types of sequences and (b) whether ordinality is also related to mathematical reasoning besides arithmetic. In Experiment 1, participants performed an arithmetic, a mathematical reasoning test, and an order task, which had balanced trials on the basis of order, direction, regularity, and distance. We observed standard distance effects (DEs) for ordered and non-ordered sequences, which suggest reliance on magnitude comparison strategies. This contradicts past studies that reported reversed distance effects (RDEs) for some types of sequences, which suggest reliance on retrieval strategies. Also, we found that ordinality predicted arithmetic but not mathematical reasoning when controlling for fluid intelligence. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether the aforementioned absence of RDEs was because of our trial list composition. Participants performed two order tasks: in both tasks, no RDE was found demonstrating the fragility of the RDE. In addition, results showed that the strategies used when processing ordinality were modulated by the trial list composition and presentation order of the tasks. Altogether, these findings reveal that ordinality is strongly related to arithmetic and that the strategies used when processing ordinality are highly dependent on the context in which the task is presented.
The value of routine blood-borne virus testing in the intensive care unit
Authors: Yang Tan Yu , Booth Malcolm G
Published: April 2021

Background

ICU patients may require renal replacement therapy (RRT). Sharing RRT equipment carries a risk of BBV transmission, which mainly relates to Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV. Since 2012, all Glasgow Royal Infirmary ICU patients undergo routine BBV screening, with RRT machines allocated for patients with specific BBV statuses. Routine BBV testing is beneficial to both the individual and society. This study aims to determine if routine BBV testing in the ICU contributes to the discovery of undiagnosed BBV infections.

Methods

This single-centre retrospective observational study examined prospectively collected clinical data from 1069 ICU admissions. Proportions were compared using a two-proportion z-test and a logistic regression model was carried out to determine if deprivation quintile was independently associated with the seroprevalence of BBVs.

Results

The BBV seroprevalence in the cohort studied: 0.45% (HBV), 11.7% (HCV), and 0.91% (HIV). The seroprevalence of HBV in the cohort studied was similar to that of Scotland (p = 0.11), but the seroprevalence of HCV (p < 0.001) and HIV (p = 0.01) were significantly higher than that of Scotland. The relationship between deprivation and BBV seroprevalence was explored for HCV only. The only independent variable associated with a reactive anti-HCV test result was “current or previous illicit drug use” (adjusted odds ratio of 40.2; 95% confidence interval of 21.1–76.4; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study shows that routine BBV testing in the ICU is useful in discovering new BBV infections. This is the first observational study focusing on the value of routine BBV testing in an ICU setting to our knowledge.
Parent involvement in education? A Foucauldian discourse analysis of school newsletters
Authors: Kingston Shauna
Published: April 2021

The Ontario Ministry of Education ( 2010 ) puts forth parent involvement as a solution for underachievement and as a resource for building better schools. A Foucauldian discourse analysis of school newsletters reveals that efforts to engage parents also function as a neoliberal strategy designed to govern parents. Using Foucault’s theory of governmentality, I show how the newsletters compel parents to invest in their children’s schooling and judge their value as parents in relation to their ability to produce good neoliberal citizens. I discuss how the newsletters depict ‘good’ parents as those who: (1) do not offer input into schooling; (2) make education a parenting priority and (3) raise good neoliberal citizens. The newsletters represent a strategy for cultivating neoliberal parents who do not ask more from schools and instead demand more of themselves in terms of preparing their children for school and for life. Problems with this approach are that: it asks parents to take up their children’s schooling in ways that push out other family priorities and it shuts down potential collaborations between parents and schools that could challenge neoliberal subjecthood. I call for reformulating discourses of ‘good’ involvement in ways that allow for more equal parent–school partnerships.
Efficacy of acclimating and releasing captive-reared and wild-translocated Northern bobwhites
Authors: Reyna Kelly S , Whitt Jeffrey G , Newman William L
Published: April 2021

Northern bobwhite populations are dwindling across their range. Accordingly, in areas with bobwhite habitat restoration and no nearby populations, effective population restoration techniques are needed. Here, we evaluated three bobwhite restoration release strategies: (1) release of captive-reared bobwhites on sites with and without resident populations, (2) translocation of wild-trapped bobwhites from a region of high population density to a region with no population, and (3) release of captive-reared and wild-translocated bobwhites acclimated on site prior to release in year 2. Wild-translocated birds survived longer than captive-reared birds. Mean survival for captive-reared bobwhites was 2.42 weeks, and 4.27 weeks in year 1, and 1.91 and 1.40 weeks in year 2, for study sites without resident and with resident birds present, respectively. Mean survival for wild-translocated birds was 8.50 weeks in year 1, and 11.54 weeks in year 2. Wild-translocated birds dispersed shorter distances than captive-reared birds. Both captive-reared and wild-translocated bobwhites only nested on study sites with conspecifics. Captive-reared birds had 0 nesting attempts on the site with no resident bobwhites, and ⩾8 nests on the site with resident bobwhites. Wild-translocated females nested six times and were subsequently observed with juveniles. On-site acclimation did not increase post-release survival for northern bobwhites. Acclimation increased site fidelity but reduced survival for captive-reared birds and had no impact on survival for wild-translocated bobwhites. Population restoration by release of captive-reared or wild-translocated birds is not irrelevant, but further investigation is needed into the relationship between captive-reared birds and predators, and methods to increase survival and reproduction of released birds.
When Goal Pursuit Gets Hairy: A Longitudinal Goal Study Examining the Role of Controlled Motivation and Action Crises in Predicting Changes in Hair Cortisol, Perceived Stress, Health, and Depression Symptoms
Authors: Holding Anne Catherine , Moore Emily , Moore Amanda , Verner-Filion Jérémie , Ouellet-Morin Isabelle , Koestner Richard
Published: April 2021

The action crisis is a critical phase in goal striving during which the goal pursuer feels conflicted about persevering with the goal or initiating disengagement. Recent research suggests that goal motivation, specifically controlled motivation (i.e., pursuing a goal out of obligation and pressure), increases the likelihood of experiencing action crises. In turn, action crises in goal pursuit have been linked to increases in depression symptoms and cortisol. In the present 8-month longitudinal study, we tracked university students’ personal goals to examine whether the pursuit of controlled goals and the experience of action crises was associated with increasing levels of hair cortisol, perceived stress, poor health, and depression symptoms ( N = 156). Structural equation modeling suggested that experiencing action crises in goal pursuit was associated with increases in markers of stress, depression, and ill-being. This effect was partially explained by controlled goal motivation. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.