bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHANDRA OBSERVES THE END OF AN ERA IN SN 1987A
Authors: Frank Kari A. , Zhekov Svetozar A. , Park Sangwook , McCray Richard , Dwek Eli , Burrows David N.
Published: September 2016

Updated imaging and photometric results from Chandra observations of SN 1987A, covering the last 16 years, are presented. We find that the 0.5–2 keV light curve has remained constant at ∼8 × 10−12 erg s−1 cm−2 since 9500 days, with the 3–8 keV light curve continuing to increase until at least 10,000 days. The expansion rate of the ring is found to be energy dependent, such that after day 6000 the ring expands faster in the 2–10 keV band than it does at energies <2 keV. Images show a reversal of the east–west asymmetry between 7000 and 8000 days after the explosion. The latest images suggest the southeastern side of the equatorial ring (ER) is beginning to fade. Consistent with the latest optical and infrared results, our Chandra analysis indicates the blast wave is now leaving the dense ER, which marks the beginning of a major change in the evolutionary phase of the supernova remnant 1987A.
THE NEXT GENERATION VIRGO CLUSTER SURVEY. XX. RedGOLD BACKGROUND GALAXY CLUSTER DETECTIONS
Authors: Licitra Rossella , Mei Simona , Raichoor Anand , Erben Thomas , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Muñoz Roberto P. , Waerbeke Ludovic Van , Côté Patrick , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Duc Pierre-Alain , Ferrarese Laura , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Huertas-Company Marc , Lançon Ariane , Parroni Carolina , Puzia Thomas H.
Published: September 2016

We build a background cluster candidate catalog from the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS) using our detection algorithm RedGOLD. The NGVS covers 104 deg2 of the Virgo cluster in the

-bandpasses to a depth of g ∼ 25.7 mag (5σ). Part of the survey was not covered or has shallow observations in the r band. We build two cluster catalogs: one using all bandpasses, for the fields with deep r-band observations (∼20 deg2), and the other using four bandpasses (

) for the entire NGVS area. Based on our previous Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey W1 studies, we estimate that both of our catalogs are ∼100% (∼70%) complete and ∼80% pure, at z ≤ 0.6 (z ≲ 1), for galaxy clusters with masses of M ≳ 1014
M
⊙. We show that when using four bandpasses, though the photometric redshift accuracy is lower, RedGOLD detects massive galaxy clusters up to z ∼ 1 with completeness and purity similar to the five-band case. This is achieved when taking into account the bias in the richness estimation, which is ∼40% lower at 0.5 ≤ z < 0.6 and ∼20% higher at 0.6 < z < 0.8, with respect to the five-band case. RedGOLD recovers all the X-ray clusters in the area with mass M
500 > 1.4 × 1014
M
⊙ and 0.08 < z < 0.5. Because of our different cluster richness limits and the NGVS depth, our catalogs reach lower masses than the published redMaPPer cluster catalog over the area, and we recover ∼90%–100% of its detections.
EQUILIBRIUM SEQUENCES AND GRAVITATIONAL INSTABILITY OF ROTATING ISOTHERMAL RINGS
Authors: Kim Woong-Tae , Moon Sanghyuk
Published: September 2016

Nuclear rings at the centers of barred galaxies exhibit strong star formation activities. They are thought to undergo gravitational instability when they are sufficiently massive. We approximate them as rigidly rotating isothermal objects and investigate their gravitational instability. Using a self-consistent field method, we first construct their equilibrium sequences specified by two parameters: α corresponding to the thermal energy relative to gravitational potential energy, and

measuring the ellipticity or ring thickness. Unlike in the incompressible case, not all values of

yield an isothermal equilibrium, and the range of

for such equilibria shrinks with decreasing α. The density distributions in the meridional plane are steeper for smaller α, and well approximated by those of infinite cylinders for slender rings. We also calculate the dispersion relations of non-axisymmetric modes in rigidly rotating slender rings with angular frequency Ω0 and central density

. Rings with smaller α are found more unstable with a larger unstable range of the azimuthal mode number. The instability is completely suppressed by rotation when Ω0 exceeds the critical value. The critical angular frequency is found to be almost constant at

for α ≳ 0.01 and increases rapidly for smaller α. We apply our results to a sample of observed star-forming rings and confirm that rings without a noticeable azimuthal age gradient of young star clusters are indeed gravitationally unstable.
SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTIES IN THE SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS OF NEUTRON STAR MASSES AND RADII FROM THERMONUCLEAR X-RAY BURSTS. III. ABSOLUTE FLUX CALIBRATION
Authors: Güver Tolga , Özel Feryal , Marshall Herman , Psaltis Dimitrios , Guainazzi Matteo , Díaz-Trigo Maria
Published: September 2016

Many techniques for measuring neutron star radii rely on absolute flux measurements in the X-rays. As a result, one of the fundamental uncertainties in these spectroscopic measurements arises from the absolute flux calibrations of the detectors being used. Using the stable X-ray burster, GS 1826–238, and its simultaneous observations by Chandra HETG/ACIS-S and RXTE/PCA as well as by XMM-Newton EPIC-pn and RXTE/PCA, we quantify the degree of uncertainty in the flux calibration by assessing the differences between the measured fluxes during bursts. We find that the RXTE/PCA and the Chandra gratings measurements agree with each other within their formal uncertainties, increasing our confidence in these flux measurements. In contrast, XMM-Newton EPIC-pn measures 14.0 ± 0.3% less flux than the RXTE/PCA. This is consistent with the previously reported discrepancy with the flux measurements of EPIC-pn, compared with EPIC MOS1, MOS2, and ACIS-S detectors. We also show that any intrinsic time-dependent systematic uncertainty that may exist in the calibration of the satellites has already been implicity taken into account in the neutron star radius measurements.
THE IMPACT OF NON-UNIFORM THERMAL STRUCTURE ON THE INTERPRETATION OF EXOPLANET EMISSION SPECTRA
Authors: Feng Y. Katherina , Line Michael R. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Stevenson Kevin B. , Bean Jacob , Kreidberg Laura , Parmentier Vivien
Published: September 2016

The determination of atmospheric structure and molecular abundances of planetary atmospheres via spectroscopy involves direct comparisons between models and data. While varying in sophistication, most model spectra comparisons fundamentally assume one-dimensional (1D) model physics. However, knowledge from general circulation models and of solar system planets suggests that planetary atmospheres are inherently three-dimensional in their structure and composition. We explore the potential biases resulting from standard “1D” assumptions within a Bayesian atmospheric retrieval framework. Specifically, we show how the assumption of a single 1D thermal profile can bias our interpretation of the thermal emission spectrum of a hot Jupiter atmosphere that is composed of two thermal profiles. We retrieve spectra of unresolved model planets as observed with a combination of the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)+Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) as well as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) under varying differences in the two thermal profiles. For WFC3+IRAC, there is a significantly biased estimate of CH4 abundance using a 1D model when the contrast is 80%. For JWST, two thermal profiles are required to adequately interpret the data and estimate the abundances when contrast is greater than 40%. We also apply this preliminary concept to the recent WFC3+IRAC phase curve data of the hot Jupiter WASP-43b. We see similar behavior as present in our simulated data: while the

abundance determination is robust, CH4 is artificially well-constrained to incorrect values under the 1D assumption. Our work demonstrates the need to evaluate model assumptions in order to extract meaningful constraints from atmospheric spectra and motivates exploration of optimal observational setups.
A GIANT LYα NEBULA IN THE CORE OF AN X-RAY CLUSTER AT Z = 1.99: IMPLICATIONS FOR EARLY ENERGY INJECTION
Authors: Valentino Francesco , Daddi Emanuele , Finoguenov Alexis , Strazzullo Veronica , Brun Amandine Le , Vignali Cristian , Bournaud Frédéric , Dickinson Mark , Renzini Alvio , Béthermin Matthieu , Zanella Anita , Gobat Raphaël , Cimatti Andrea , Elbaz David , Onodera Masato , Pannella Maurilio , Sargent Mark , Arimoto Nobuo , Carollo Marcella , Starck Jean-Luc
Published: September 2016

We present the discovery of a giant ≳100 kpc Lyα nebula detected in the core of the X-ray emitting cluster CL J1449+0856 at z = 1.99 through Keck/LRIS narrow-band imaging. This detection extends the known relation between Lyα nebulae and overdense regions of the universe to the dense core of a 5–7 × 1013 M
⊙ cluster. The most plausible candidates to power the nebula are two Chandra-detected AGN host cluster members, while cooling from the X-ray phase and cosmological cold flows are disfavored primarily because of the high Lyα to X-ray luminosity ratio (

, ≳10–1000 times higher than in local cool-core clusters) and by current modeling. Given the physical conditions of the Lyα-emitting gas and the possible interplay with the X-ray phase, we argue that the Lyα nebula would be short-lived (≲10 Myr) if not continuously replenished with cold gas at a rate of ≳1000 M
⊙ yr−1. We investigate the possibility that cluster galaxies supply the required gas through outflows and we show that their total mass outflow rate matches the replenishment necessary to sustain the nebula. This scenario directly implies the extraction of energy from galaxies and its deposition in the surrounding intracluster medium (ICM), as required to explain the thermodynamic properties of local clusters. We estimate an energy injection of the order of

per particle in the ICM over a 2 Gyr interval. In our baseline calculation, AGNs provide up to 85% of the injected energy and two-thirds of the mass, while the rest is supplied by supernovae-driven winds.
A NUMERICAL MODEL OF PARSEC-SCALE SSC MORPHOLOGIES AND THEIR RADIO EMISSION
Authors: Richter S. , Spanier F.
Published: September 2016

In current models for jets of active galactic nuclei and their emission a shortcoming in the description and understanding of the connection between the largest and smallest scales exists. In this work we present a spatially resolved synchrotron self-Compton model extended to parsec scales, which opens the possibility of probing the connections between the radio and high-energy properties. We simulate an environment that leads to Fermi-I acceleration of leptonic particles and includes the full time dependence of this process. Omitting the restriction of a finite downstream region, we find that the spectral energy distribution produced by the accelerated particles strongly depends on their radial confinement behind the shock. The requirement, for both the restriction of high-energy emission to a small region around the shock and the production of a flat radio spectrum, is an initial linear increase of the radius immediately behind the shock, which then slows down with increasing distance from the shock. A good representation of the data for the blazar Mrk 501 is achieved by a parameterized log function. The prediction for the shape of the radio blob is given by the flux distribution with respect to shock distance.
Du postmodernisme au post-humanisme : présent et futur du concept d’hybridité
Authors: Balutet Nicolas
Published: September 2016

Cet article analyse l’évolution de la notion d’hybridité dans la littérature, du postmodernisme au post-humanisme. Il tend à démontrer, tout d’abord, que cette notion, plus que tout autre outil conceptuel, permet d’aborder toutes les caractéristiques communes au corpus postmoderniste à travers cinq axes (hybridité générique, hybridité dialogique, hybridité spatio-temporelle, hybridité des personnages, et hybridité identitaire). L’article se penche ensuite sur la figure du cyborg et sur sa présence dans la littérature latino-américaine contemporaine. Il ressort de l’analyse que le concept d’hybridité, s’il reste toujours opérationnel, peut néanmoins paraître quelque peu étroit à l’heure d’expliquer les nouveaux phénomènes post-humanistes.
Déclinaisons de l’hybridité dans le roman graphique espagnol. Intermédialité et cohérence dans le récit (autobio)graphique Historias del barrio
Authors: Faye Thomas
Published: September 2016

Cet article s’attache à analyser la façon dont les différentes strates d’hybridité (thématique, générique, sémiotique) à l’œuvre dans le roman graphique Historias del Barrio de Gabi Beltrán et Bartolomé Seguí sont en réalité génératrices d’une homogénéité paradoxale autour de laquelle se construisent l’unicité et la cohérence du/des récit(s). En étudiant plus spécifiquement la question du lieu (représenté et représentant) nous tentons de démontrer que l’iconotexte, comme forme de l’hybridité, par la tension sémiotique et l’intermédialité qu’il implique, fonctionne ici comme une matrice formelle apte à résoudre le chaos autobiographique en s’attachant à résorber le chaos formel.
L’œuvre hybride de Jorge Carrión : la page face à l’écran dans Crónica de viaje
Authors: Ilasca Roxana
Published: September 2016

Au XXIe siècle, dans le paysage littéraire espagnol surgit une génération d’écrivains qui interrogent la relation entre la littérature et les réalités contemporaines, notamment les nouvelles technologies. Associé au mouvement mutant, Jorge Carrión conçoit Crónica de viaje, ouvrage de non-fiction dans lequel il emploie le moteur de recherche Google afin de rendre compte de l’histoire de son aïeul paternel. Plus qu’un simple support, l’instrument technologique en tant que paratexte se convertit en outil narratif. L’interaction entre le récit d’émigration de son grand-père et le voyage d’e-migration de l’auteur lui-même fait surgir une œuvre hybride qui se fonde sur la poétique de la page-écran questionnant les frontières entre le texte et le hors-texte. Pourtant, au-delà d’un simple travail d’expérimentation formelle, l’œuvre hybride en tant qu’art de la crise cherche à développer un discours critique qu’elle dirige aussi bien vers les failles du monde numérique que vers la littérature qui n’actualise pas ses techniques d’expression.
Formes kaléidoscopiques : l’hybridité chez Chloé Delaume
Authors: Piva Marika
Published: September 2016

Le personnage de fiction Chloé Delaume et son œuvre autofictionnelle veulent s’écrire par-delà le papier en investissant d’autres espaces et surtout en explorant l’entre-deux. L’expérimentation formelle – indice d’un chantier identitaire sous le signe de la littérature – se mêle à l’immixtion de domaines différents tels que la musique, la cinématographie, la mode, l’univers ludique, etc., et souligne la singularité de tout geste véritablement artistique L’hybridation des formes et des supports ne fait que rendre visible une poétique où l’écriture devient un véritable projet pluriel de recherche et de reconstruction tant de la littérature, que du monde et du Moi.
Formes et enjeux de l’hybridité dans deux réécritures contemporaines du mythe de Don Juan : Dom Juan ou le Festin de Pierre de M. Bluwal et L’Ambigu de R. Topor
Authors: Gournay Aurélia
Published: September 2016

Les réécritures du mythe de Don Juan illustrent parfaitement, grâce à l’intertextualité, la notion d’hybridité dialogique. La transposition du canevas mythique au cinéma ajoute, quant à elle, une hybridité générique puisque les films multiplient les références à la littérature et à la critique donjuanesques et relèvent parfois de genres hybrides comme le film-opéra ou le théâtre cinématographié. Appartenant à ce second genre, le Dom Juan de Marcel Bluwal illustre ces deux formes d’hybridité : totalement fidèle à la pièce de Molière, le téléfilm parvient cependant à en infléchir le sens, par l’utilisation des ressources cinématographiques. La pièce de Roland Topor prend plus de libertés par rapport au scénario mythique mais s’enferme dans un genre rigide : le théâtre monologal, dont l’auteur se plaît à repousser toutes les limites. L’originalité de la pièce réside également dans l’ajout d’un questionnement identitaire et de genre : Don Juan devient un personnage hybride, qui découvre sa moitié féminine et se laisse envahir par elle.
Performer Proust : Locke’s Way de Donigan Cumming et La dernière bande de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Blanc Florence Le
Published: September 2016

Donigan Cumming est un artiste dont le travail s’inscrit dans différents champs disciplinaires. En 2003, il réalise le film Locke’s Way avec l’intention de produire sa propre Recherche du temps perdu, ralliant simultanément la performance, la vidéo et la photographie. Or, quarante-cinq ans avant Cumming, Samuel Beckett est également inspiré par À la recherche du temps perdu lorsqu’il écrit la pièce La dernière bande. Puisque Donigan Cumming revendique depuis ses débuts l’influence de Samuel Beckett dans son approche performative de la vidéo, il s’avère peu étonnant de constater que les deux œuvres comportent plusieurs parallèles permettant ainsi de révéler d’autres parcelles de la portée interdisciplinaire qu’aura eue Marcel Proust sur l’interprétation autofictionnelle de la matière personnelle. Si, d’une part, l’étude de Locke’s Way permet d’examiner comment la démarche de Cumming, conjuguée entre différentes formes de langages, donne lieu à une œuvre dont l’hybridité s’avère plurielle, sa mise en parallèle avec La dernière bande permet également de rendre compte des différents croisements qu’occasionne ce passage de l’influence proustienne par-delà le théâtre, la vidéo, la photographie et la performance.
Integrating Creative Thinking Skills into the Higher Education Classroom
Authors: Burnett Cyndi , Keller-Mathers Susan
Published: September 2016

The Torrance Incubation Model (TIM) provides a simple and highly effective mechanism for integrating creativity into the teaching of any subject. The model provides guidelines for educators who wish to develop their students' creative skills, but struggle to find the space in the curriculum in which to teach creativity as a subject. The TIM allows creativity to be woven into lesson plans by deliberately incorporating one, or more, of the core creativity skills identified by Torrance. This chapter explains the TIM, and provides examples of how it was used to redesign lessons in a higher education class, in order to teach both the subject, and at the same time develop the students' creative capabilities.
Advocating Problem-Based Learning and Creative Problem-Solving Skills in Global Education
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: September 2016

This chapter aims to advocate the development of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and creative problem-solving skills in global education, thus describes the theoretical and practical overviews of PBL and creative problem-solving skills, the significance of PBL in global education, and the significance of creative problem-solving skills in global education. The application of PBL and creative problem-solving skills are critical in the educational institutions that seeks to serve the educational administrators and students, increase educational performance, sustain competitiveness, and fulfill expected accomplishment in global education. Therefore, it is required for educational institutions to utilize PBL and creative problem-solving skills and develop a strategic plan about PBL and creative problem-solving skills towards satisfying the requirements of the educational administrators and students. The chapter argues that advocating PBL and creative problem-solving skills has the potential to improve educational performance and reach strategic goals in global education.
Applying Blooms Digital Taxonomy to Address Creativity and Second Order Digital Divide in Internet Skills
Authors: Purushothaman Aparna
Published: September 2016

Internet technologies play a significant role to enhance creativity of the students in learning environments. Internet literacy is vital to effectively use the Internet tools to enhance creative learning environments. In the developing countries Internet literacy is still an unfulfilled dream for students coming from underprivileged backgrounds thus bringing a digital divide in skills. The chapter draws upon an empirical study done in India on how an intervention comprised of Internet training designed on Bloom's Digital Taxonomy and action research workshops based on the learning domains of the digital taxonomy was an effective approach for empowering women students through learning to use the Internet. The chapter puts forward the argument that an intervention for learning to use the Internet can be effective where focus is on the reflective and conceptual skills in using the Internet than focusing too much on the content that is dynamic.
Going Towards Adaption, Integration, and Co-Creation
Authors: Zhou Chunfang
Published: September 2016

As a response to the growing challenges brought about by complexity in professional practice, the collection of chapters in this volume guides an intellectual journey through the various theoretical perspectives, research methods and pedagogical models with a focus on developing creative problem solving skills in higher education. Based on an overview of topics in this volume, this chapter aims to draw a conclusion about future research directions from present contributions. It could be an extended journey with the intention of helping the audience to locate the ideas presented in this volume within a framework constructed by the three main themes of adaption, integration and co-creation. This lays a stepping-stone in paving the way of pedagogical development and research prospects.
Structural Equation Modeling Algorithm and Its Application in Business Analytics
Authors: Sorooshian Shahryar
Published: September 2016

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is a statistical-based multivariate modeling methods. Application of SEM is similar but more powerful than regression analysis; and number of scientists using SEM in their research is rapidly increasing. This review article algorithmically discusses the SEM methodology. SEM strategies, SEM steps and SEM stages are introduced in this article; validity tests are presented as well. Novelty of this article is in modified steps of SEM application in modeling strategies, also in its developed practical comprehensive SEM application flowchart. This article is a roadmap for business advisors and those scholars trying to compute SEM for their decision making, complex modeling and data analysis programming.
New Product Development and Manufacturability Techniques and Analytics
Authors: Smith Alan D.
Published: September 2016

The following case study evaluates the New Product Development (NPD) techniques utilized by Forest City Technologies, Incorporated (FCT). Through insight gathered via interviews conducted with the company's product development and materials purchasing management teams, and supported by literature, this study attempts to show how Forest City Technologies, Inc. integrates specific components into its product development process to: 1. Meet its NPD goals, and 2. Achieve better supplier and customer relationships. This study focuses on the components of: NPD models employed by FCT, early customer and supplier involvement, NPD-innovation integration techniques, demand change factors during the NPD process, and risk-mitigation strategies implemented by FCT during the NPD process. The study is segmented into three main sections: Introduction to NPD and FCT, the components of FCTs new product development process, and NPD implications on FCTs supplier and customer relationships.
Analytics Overuse in Advertising and Promotion Budget Forecasting
Authors: Güçlü Burçin , Canela Miguel-Ángel
Published: September 2016

Several studies have recently raised a common concern in the field of management, which is the overspending in marketing activities. In this paper, we propose and empirically test that overspending in marketing investments is an unfortunate outcome of information overload, in a sense that managers who confront too many risk informants in their decision environment tend to overinvest in marketing activities due to the overemphasis on the environmental risk. In a longitudinal experiment, where we manipulated the amount of information through marketing analytics, we demonstrate that firms employing simple marketing analytics are less prone to increase their marketing expenditures due to the fear of losing customers, and have a lower expectancy that their competitors will increase their brand-level advertising and promotional expenditures, compared to firms using a combination of simple and complex marketing analytics. Moreover, we demonstrate that firms employing simple marketing analytics keep their overall marketing spending at a lower level, and spend less in brand-level marketing, especially in promotional activities, compared to when using a combination of simple and complex marketing analytics.
Mastering Business Process Management and Business Intelligence in Global Business
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: September 2016

This chapter describes the overviews of Business Process Management (BPM) and Business Intelligence (BI); the importance of BPM in global business; and the importance of BI in global business. BPM enables organizations to align business functions with customer needs and helps executives determine how to deploy, monitor, and measure the organizational resources. When properly executed, BPM has the ability to enhance productivity, reduce costs, and minimize risk in global business. BI includes the applications, tools, and best practices that enable the analysis of information to improve organizational performance. Companies use BI to detect the significant events and identify the business trends in order to quickly adapt to their changing business environment. The chapter argues that applying BPM and BI has the potential to enhance organizational performance and reach strategic goals in global business.
Globalization and Human Rights
Authors: Banerjee Soumi
Published: September 2016

The world has undergone a change from ancient to modern. The enthusiasm among people to discover the undiscovered actually marked the beginning of the modern era and the advent of globalisation can be viewed as a bi-product of this modern civilisation. Globalisation was apparently meant to enhance cooperation among nations as partners in trade, but, gradually with better exposure to each other's culture, people started embracing the global ideas, habits, and way of life. Globalisation is therefore not just the integration of economies and markets, but it is also the integration of cultures and understandings, making people aware of their rights and role to be played in transforming the society for better. Thus, globalisation can rightly be called as the source of modern human rights, as it has no doubt played an active role in preserving and protecting Human Rights by technological expansion, increasing neo-liberal values, establishing certain super-national institutions and by promoting and maintaining civil liberties that uphold freedom, transparency, and popular participation.
Refoulement and Refugees
Authors: Sugars Jasper MacLennan
Published: September 2016

Refoulement, a French word meaning to reject; or backwash, is a contentious issue in the international law and policy. However, the word is unknown to most of the public world – the Australian government operations to deter asylum seekers titled ‘pushing back the boats', ‘operation sovereign borders' are questionably pushing the limits as to what's refoulement and what isn't – but the worded meaning in the convention relating to the status of refugees is the process by which a persecuted asylum seeker is forcibly removed back to a place where they are re-exposed to the same danger from which they are trying to escape. In this article, the author hopes to provide information to others who are interested in the area of refugee policy and, in particular Australia's role in the development of this increasingly important field of international law as well as the implementation of their own unique approach to dealing with asylum seekers arriving in their territorial waters by boat. in this chapter the author has made every effort to provide an unbiased, politically non-partisan view of the current policies which Australia has implemented under domestic law, which includes the act of turning back of boats and offshore processing in third-nation processing facilities.
Recent Developments in International Relations in the Light of the Syrian Crisis
Authors: Douma Alexia-Nefeli
Published: September 2016

Much ink has already been spilt on the unprecedented terrorist attack in Paris on November 13, 2015 in an atmosphere of endless despair. Many characterize it as the “new 9-11”. Nevertheless, they tend to defy the significant fact that that attack was launched by an acknowledged organization, Al-Qaeda, acting as a frontispiece of the Afghan state. In the present case study, the current threat is of a much larger extent and ambit, gradually conquering the globe. What one needs to conceive is that ISIS enjoys no single and specific nationality- on the contrary, it operates as an amorphous mass, a totality achieved as a result of illegal forms of collaboration and interstate crime in countless regions of the world, though serving a common purpose: the violation of security, democracy and freedom of expression. The ultimate goal of the organization is the breakdown of democratic regimes and the emergence of the Caliphate as a global superpower that will handle telecommunications, (inter) governmental, (inter) state security systems, and so on. One thing is for sure: Islam serves as the pretext for these modern bloody crusades. No religion that respects itself preaches and initiates a “holy war”; a war that is being constantly heretically interpreted- to say the least. Global co-operations frequently alter, as the international components are defined by ephemeral alliances, perhaps with classic conflicting interests, such as the US-Russia common goal opponent against ISIS. Parallel to that, other fronts hover vis-à-vis the question of military intervention of France and USA-UK in the disputed area of Raqqa, the struggle between Turkey and Russia around the management of natural resources not only on their behalf, but also in terms of ISIS, the implementation of geopolitical strategies over the area along with the future of millions of Syrians, who were accounted for either as refugees in neighboring countries, such as Lebanon, or Internally Displaced Peoples (IDPs). The recent EU-Turkey Ankara Summit on refugees ignited hot debate over the way in which the Schengen area should be further fostered via the creation of the so-called “refugee hot-spots” within the Turkish territory.
Language Human Rights
Authors: Davari Hossein
Published: September 2016

Language Human Rights as a newly-grown type of human rights has been raised in the field of linguistics in recent two decades. Due to its increasing importance, this chapter attempts to firstly define this concept, its nature and scope. Secondly, it tries to introduce the trace of this type of human rights in the available documents. Then, the chapter deals with and discusses the reasons for growing importance of language human rights from at least three aspects, namely a) the exponential decline and loss of world's languages; b) the growing presence of English as the language of globalization; c) nationalism and the violation of language rights of the minority in the field of education. Finally, some suggestions and practical recommendations are provided.
Big Data in Social Media Environment
Authors: Matilda S.
Published: September 2016

Information technology has reached its pinnacle, with the era being dominated by two hi-tech driving forces - Big data and Social media. Big data encompasses a wide array of data mining workloads, extracted through various sources, the results of which are of keen interest to business leaders and analysts across every industry segment. Data from the social media is exploding at an exponential rate and is being hailed as the key, to crucial insights into human behavior. Extracting intelligent information from such immense volume, variety and velocity of data, in context to the business requirement is the need of the hour. Therefore, new tools and methods specialized for big data analytics is crucial, along with the architectures for managing and processing such data. Big data complemented with Social Media offers a new horizon to take management practice to an advanced level.
Social Media in Knowledge Management
Authors: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan , Sudarsanam S. K.
Published: September 2016

This chapter discusses in detail about Knowledge Management and how Social Media tools and platforms can be used for Knowledge Management and how they can be integrated into Knowledge Management system. This chapter explains the key aspects of Knowledge Management and Social Media and how Social media can be used to capture both tacit and explicit knowledge and also to share knowledge among the communities of practice both within organizations and also outside the organizations. The chapter provides an overview of using social media to enhance knowledge management and collaboration in a corporate context and gives an insight on how firms get the most value from social media tools like wikis, blogs, microblogging, social tagging and some such similar tools in Knowledge Management. Further research directions based on the review of the literature are proposed.
Social Media
Authors: Rao N. Raghavendra
Published: September 2016

Social Media is becoming increasingly important in society and culture; making people to join together on common interests and share opinions through internet. Most of the business organizations have been using social media as a communication tool for public relations and marketing. It is high time government departments should engage citizens of their country for interaction through social media. There are many schemes and programs initiated by the government need the attention of their citizens in a country. Government departments are required to form strategies to involve their citizens for making use of their schemes and programs. This chapter stresses the need for making use of social media by a government creating awareness of the schemes and programs to their citizens. Further it explains the importance of the interaction with their citizens through social media for good governance.
Employing the Sentiment Analysis Tool in NVivo 11 Plus on Social Media Data
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: September 2016

Sentiment analysis has been used to assess people's feelings, attitudes, and beliefs, ranging from positive to negative, on a variety of phenomena. Several new autocoding features in NVivo 11 Plus enable the capturing of sentiment analysis and extraction of themes from text datasets. This chapter describes eight scenarios in which these tools may be applied to social media data, to (1) profile egos and entities, (2) analyze groups, (3) explore metadata for latent public conceptualizations, (4) examine trending public issues, (5) delve into public concepts, (6) observe public events, (7) analyze brand reputation, and (8) inspect text corpora for emergent insights.
Experience and History
Authors: Baggio Marianna , Mittone Luigi
Published: September 2016

The development and use of long-lived public goods involves more than one demographic generation, leaving the classic literature on voluntary provisions partially unfit to explain complex phenomena such as welfare systems, climate policies and major infrastructure projects. This paper proposes a model that explains how equilibrium is reached in a context where heterogeneity is linked to seniority and strategic interaction is finitely repeated. Within this model the case of intergeneration public goods production is explained using a redistribution rule that benefits the younger players, as a compensation for their inexperience. Experimental evidence shows that subjects who belong to low or middling marginal per capita return types are negatively affected by heterogeneity, whereas groups benefit from the presence of experienced subjects. More importantly, results show that becoming disadvantaged (lowering the marginal per capita return of individuals in time) has negative effects on the provision of public goods, if compared to a situation where the disadvantage is constant in time (same low marginal per capita return in time).
Adherence
Authors: Möcker Michael , Mann Klaus
Published: September 2016

Non-adherence to medical advice is a serious problem to patients, health policy and practitioners. This article outlines concepts of behavioral economics that might lead a patient to decide against the provider's recommendations and thus to be non-adherent. Especially the timing of pay-offs and dynamic inconsistency, their uncertainty and ambiguity aversion, loss-aversion and numerous heuristics like the peak-end-rule are discussed. The paper concludes with some hints on “libertarian” paternalism that may improve the situation.
Laminar Mixed Convection in Two Concentric Vertical Cylinders
Authors: Hadjadj Ahmed , Maamir Seghir
Published: September 2016

The flow patterns and heat transfer have been studied numerically for contained air in the space formed by two vertical concentric cylinders. The inner cylinder rotates about its vertical axis and the outer cylinder is kept stationary. This geometry simulates, for example, the gaps at the ends of the rotor of vertical electric motors. The results facilitate the thermal design of such devices. The governing equations for velocity and temperature are solved by finite volume techniques in which the SIMPLE algorithm is incorporated. Results are presented for a range of Reynolds numbers (Re) and for various values of aspect ratio. It has been found that for high values of Re, the flow is dominated by centrifugal forces whereas for low values of Re the flow is dominated by gravitational buoyancy. To facilitate the use of results for design, some correlations were developed which represent the heat transfer coefficient as a continuous function of the investigated independents parameters.
Capability of Bacterial Cellulose Membrane in Release of Doxycycline
Authors: Salehi Mohammad Ali , Kadusarai Masomeh Jahani , Dogolsar Mojtaba Akbari
Published: September 2016

Bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus is an advantage bacterial product cause of its unique properties, could be used as an ideal dress. The aim of this study was to consider the capability of this biomaterial in release of doxycycline. Proving of this capability provided the outline for production of a dressing containing antibiotic. In this study, bacterial cellulose was synthesized by G.xylinus and loaded from doxycycline then release process was considered in dilute water and buffer phosphate saline. UV-visible spectrophotometry method was applied to measuring the concentration of released drug. Bacterial cellulose structure of chemical was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Release of doxycycline in dilute water and phosphate saline buffer reach to 73.25% and 94.9%, respectively. Because of more released in buffer solution, peer that process of releasing exhibit exactly results. Results of this study provided the ground for future research on supplying an ideal dressing from this microbial product.
Green Routing Algorithm for Wired Networks
Authors: Deshmukh Akshay Atul , Jothish Mintu , Chandrasekaran K.
Published: September 2016

With increase in uses and users of the internet, there has been an enormous increase in data transferred and power consumed in internet networks. With increasing penetration of the internet into developing areas of the world, internet traffic will increase substantially. The authors propose an algorithm which takes into consideration the temperature of servers and the bottlenecks in the network by modifying Linked State Packets of OSPF protocol. Using these parameters, the routing table is updated using a modified Dijkstra's algorithm. This algorithm differs from previous algorithms which switch network components such as links and routers to sleep mode or reduce transfer rate in links. Many of these algorithms require a centralized system and are not very scalable. Also, unlike many previous studies, the authors' algorithm does not require much modification to existing OSPF algorithm prevalent in networking today. Their algorithm delineates the coexistence of performance and energy conservation.
Evaluating Factors Affect Green IT Readiness (Part 1)
Authors: Alsultanny Yas A. , Alnassar Fatma M.
Published: September 2016

The IT departments must have green IT readiness to control emissions from data centres and selecting equipments of low power consumption. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting green IT readiness. A questionnaire of developed to evaluate green IT readiness from the perspective of the IT staff. The questionnaire divided into two parts. The first part is for demographic information and general questions. The second part for green IT dimensions; technology, practice, policy, governance, and attitude. The data collected from 401 respondents. The results showed that the factors; technology, practice, attitude, and maintenance have an agree degree of agreement, while the factors; policy, governance, and green IT readiness have neutral degree of agreement. The governance has the highest correlation and influence on green IT readiness. The study recommends organizations, to setup strategies for implementing green IT as short-term solutions, and the government needs new laws and policies to implement green IT as a long-term solution.
The Leading Practices of Green Mobile Telecommunication Base Station Design
Authors: Migdadi Yazan
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study is to identify the green mobile telecommunication base station design practices as adopted by leading cases, four cases were analyzed; Ericsson, ZTE, Huawei, and Bharti. The data were collected from the published data. This study reveals that; the design attributes could be classified to; primary and secondary design attributes. A lot of relationships are reported between the design attributes. This study helps the academics in understanding the relationship between design attributes and actions, so they can use the reported model of this study for teaching purposes or for further extended survey study. The base stations developer and mobile communication services providers have a good insight about the sustainable design alternatives. The green operations practices are still new and the research contribution is limited, the research contribution of green mobile telecommunication base station deign is very limited.
Digitalisation in Health Care and Elderly Care Services
Authors: Pekkarinen Satu , Melkas Helinä
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the innovation opportunities related to digitalisation in health care and elderly care services using a “pothole approach”. The study focuses on two innovative e-service concepts developed in Finland for enhancing the well-being of senior citizens: The hStick (health stick) and the mStick (memory and reminiscence stick). The data consist of 59 thematic interviews and focus group meetings, observation data and diaries collected in pilot cases. The innovation opportunities related to the novel e-service concepts are identified and explored using the pothole approach. The potholes in the stick system are first identified and then studied as sources and opportunities for potential future innovations. This study offers a novel perspective on research concerning technology and e-services and the various innovation opportunities made possible once technological and other shortcomings have been identified.
Exploring the Experiences of Students and Professors in a Blended Learning Graduate Program
Authors: Taylor Maurice , Atas Sait , Ghani Shehzad
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the current experiences of students and professors in a Faculty of Education graduate program that has adopted blended learning. It was also intended to uncover some of the enablers and constraints faced by faculty administration in implementing a university wide blended learning initiative. Using a qualitative case study research design, a large faculty of education in a mid-sized university in Eastern Ontario, Canada was the site of the investigation. A constant comparative data analysis technique was used on three data sources, namely: key informant interviews, artefacts and field notes. Results indicated that the graduate student has specific learning requirements that necessitate attention to certain aspects of this new teaching method and that professors who teach in a blended learning format are working towards meeting the needs of such students. Enablers and constraints from an administrator's perspective in further developing blended learning are also addressed.
Trends of Mobile Learning in Computing Education from 2006 to 2014
Authors: Anohah Ebenezer , Solomon Sunday Oyelere  , Suhonen Jarkko
Published: September 2016

The majority of the existing research regarding mobile learning in computing education has primarily focused on studying the effectiveness of, and in some cases reporting about, implemented mobile learning solutions. However, it is equally important to explore development and application perspectives on the integration of mobile learning into computing education and identify practical implications for learning and teaching practices. In this study, the authors performed a systematic review of scientific publications related to mobile learning in computing education. After identifying relevant publications, they analysed them from three main aspects: technology and development, design of mobile learning solutions and applications, and implications for learning. The authors' study reveals that mobile learning in computing education has the potential to increase several affective traits of learners. In addition, mobile learning in computing education has matured enough to be mainly concerned with the mainstreaming of the computing curriculum rather than basic research.
A Study for Identifying Reasons for Low Preference of Priority Sector Lending of Indian Commercial Banks
Authors: Goyal Neha , Agrawal Rachna , Aggarwal Renu
Published: September 2016

In Indian Economy Priority Sector Lending implies giving money related help to those sectors of economy which are not getting sufficient institutional financial help. The idea of PSL has been begun since 1970s in India. It has also been observed that bank officials not prefer to give loans under PSL and customers are also facing problems while taking loan under PSL. The study found the reasons of low inclination practices of PSL among bank officials and customers. For this a review of 112 bank officials and 400 clients of various categories of PSL have been done through structured questionnaire. Data has been analyzed with the help of exploratory factor analysis and one way Anova.
Costs as Instruments of Decision Making Process in Competitive Economies
Authors: Zefinescu Carmen Veronica
Published: September 2016

In contemporary and competitive economies costs represents an important instrument in the decision making process. The decision making process at the company's management level is defined by a variety of interrelated managerial decisions, setting goals, directions and ways of achieving them, ensuring economic and financial self-regulation as a whole. In the framework of the paper, it was conducted a survey on the use of cost in modern companies' decision-making under conditions of environmental challenges. General assumptions were made and statistics based on the theme explored. It was also performed an analysis of the data processed, which took into account checking assumptions.