bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR–FAKTOR PENYEBAB ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN PERTANIAN DI KECAMATAN TOMOHON SELATAN KOTA TOMOHON
Authors: Badoa Mechri Defrid , Kapantow Gene H. M. , Ruauw Eyverson .,
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the factors that affect the conversion of agricultural land in South Tomohon Subdistrict Tomohon City. In particular, this study looks at internal factors that affect the conversion of agricultural land in South Tomohon Sub-District, Tomohon City. This study was conducted by using secondary data obtained from BPS (Statistics Bureau) office Tomohon City, Subdistrict office and Village Offices in South Tomohon Sub-district. And for the primary data obtained from the direct interview with the farmers. The data is then analyzed by using qualitative data analysis techniques using tables and described descriptively. The results of research showed that land function change happened in this area, allot of land that is as housing (70%). Furthermore, for the main cause of landowners sell or alter the function of agricultural land that is due to the cost of child education and high selling prices.*jnkd*.
KONTRIBUSI TENAGA KERJA PEREMPUAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN KELUARGA PADA UD MANDIRI DESA PANGU KECAMATAN RATAHAN TIMUR
Authors: Agouw Sifora Susan , Lolowang Tommy F. , Moniaga Vicky R. B.
Published: July 2019

This study aims to see how much does working women’s contribution to family income. The research located in Pangu Village, East Ratahan Sub-district. This research was conducted in April until June 2017. The research used primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected by direct interview technique on 6 (Six) respondents. They are Women Workers who work in UD MANDIRI as dodol and sugar palm wrapper. Secondary data used written data inthe form of documents in the Village Office obtained from the village head. Primary data were analyzed used descriptive analysis and presented in tabular form. The results showed that the average income of women worker amounted to Rp.500.000, - in 1 (one) month. The contribution of female labor to family income was 28% in 1 (one) month.*eprm*.
EVALUASI AGRIBISNIS STROBERI ORGANIK DI KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW TIMUR PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Loho Agnes Estephina , Tatuh Jen ., , Kapantow Gene H. M.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate organic strawberry agribusiness in the East Bolaang Mongondow Regency by evaluating the dimensions of agribusiness players, the dimensions of agribusiness activity and the dimensions of behavior of organic strawberry agribusiness. The method used in this study was the survey method. The selection of the location of the study was done intentionally by determining the highland area in the East Bolaang Regency that cultivated strawberries. The area was the village of Mooat, Guaan Village, and New Bongkudai Village. This research begins in May to August 2018. The types of data used in this study were primary and secondary data. Data were analyzed using income analysis, added value, and were evaluated with an evaluation structure design adopted from the modified Hammond Evaluation Structure into agribusiness. The results of the study showed that agribusiness players consisting of key players had not made strawberries as commercial commodities while the tourism business of D’Mooat had made strawberries as a commercial commodity. The agricultural input activities were in the form of the use of the workforce of the community around the tourist area and the provision of production facilities, both purchased and made by themselves. The agricultural production activities had not fully utilized organic materials with an average production of 1,080 kg / year and the revenues of Rp.128,505,250/year for the area of 2,000 m2. The agricultural industry activities provided added value around of Rp. 57,000 / kg for strawberries and the average profit of Rp. 52,870 / kg through processing strawberries into strawberry juice, smoothie strawberry juice and dragon berry juice. Agricultural marketing activities were take place only in the tourist attractions area. The agricultural service activities were in the form of credit from Bank (BRI) while coordination with related agencies has not been established. The production technique behavior was good; the agribusiness management behavior was still in traditional way, whereas the agribusiness system behavior have not yet.
KETAHANAN PANGAN PETANI PADI SAWAH: SEBUAH PENELITIAN TERAPAN UNTUK MENEMUKAN MODEL GARIS KETAHANAN PANGAN DI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Manginsela Elsje Pauline , Porajouw Oktavianus ., , Sagay Benny Adrian Berthy
Published: July 2019

This study aims to: calculate the amount of rice consumption per capita per year of rice farmers; to increase knowledge about when lowland rice farmers experience a shortage of rice and cannot afford rice because there is no purchasing power what they do to overcome it?; to measure the level of food security and the ratio of fear to the families of lowland rice farmers. This research was conducted from July to November 2018 in Mopait Village and Pangian Village. which is one of the rice-producing villages in Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi. This research used quantitative and qualitative data collection methods concerning the production, fulfillment of rice consumption and the sale and purchase of rice at the level of the rice paddy farmer family. Interviews were conducted with farmers and village leaders as primary data sources. While the secondary data sources came from the Central Sulawesi Statistics and Agriculture Office of North Sulawesi. Data analysis uses quantitative and qualitative data analysis approaches. Quantitative and Qualitative Modeling of Food Security Lines and Farmer Fear Ratio. By using this Food Resilience Line Model, it will be known whether the Family Food Security of Paddy Farmers is strong or weak. Calculation of Farmer's Fear Ratio to find out whether farmers are pessimistic or optimistic about fulfilling rice consumption needs. The results showed that the amount of rice consumption per capita per year for paddy rice farmers, in Mopait Village rice consumption was 121 rice per capita per year. Whereas rice farmers in Pangian Village consume rice with 185 kg of rice per capita per year. At a time when lowland rice farmers lack rice and cannot afford to buy it at the market, they will borrow rice from the mill. The line of food security in the two research villages shows different figures in Mopait Village >1 while in Pangian Village <1. This means that the level of food security in paddy rice farming families in Mopait Village is higher than Pangian Village. While the paddy rice farmers in Mopait Village this year felt less fear compared to 5 years ago but for the next 5 years they remain more pessimistic than this year. Rice farmers in Pangian are more optimistic.
DAMPAK PROGRAM BANTUAN SARANA PRODUKSI PERTANIAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETANI CABAI DI DESA KAUNERAN KECAMATAN SONDER
Authors: Siwu Ariyano Alfa Randi , Mandei Juliana Ruth , Ruauw Eyverson .,
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine how the impact of the Agricultural Production Facility Assistance Program on Chili Farmers' Income in Kauneran Village, Sonder District. Data collection is conducted from March to May 2018. The selection of farmer groups is done purposefully, namely the recipient farmer groups. This study uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained from direct interviews with respondents based on a list of questions (questionnaires) that have been prepared in advance and observations. Interviews were conducted on 20 respondents, namely all Kalelon group members as a recipient group of aid programs. Secondary data obtained through the internet by using google searching to access scientific journal articles and thesis from other universities has to do with the topic of this research which is about the impact of aid programs. The results showed that there were significant income differences, based on the t-test, between before and after receiving the aid program where the income of farmers after receiving assistance was greater than before receiving their assistance. The conclusion of this study is that the aid program has a positive impact because it increases farmers' income. *er+eprm*
STRATEGI HIDUP PETANI PADI SAWAH DI DESA TUMANI SELATAN KECAMATAN MAESAAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Runturambi Glandie ., , Manginsela Elsje Pauline , Laoh Olly Esry Harryani
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the life strategy of wetland rice farmers in Tumani Selatan Village, Sub-District of Maesaan, South Minahsa Regency. This research was conducted for three months from September to November 2018. The data used in this study were primary and secondary data. Primary data collection through direct interviews with 15 respondents of paddy rice farmers based on a questionnaire that had been prepared previously. Secondary data was collected from the office of Desa Tumani Selatan, from the internet through google searching regarding the profile of South Minahasa Regency, and from previous research documents that were relevant to this study. Data analysis in this study is quantitative and qualitative analysis which is presented in the form of a table, then described descriptively. The results of the research that have been done show that the life strategy of the upper class of farmers applies two strategies, namely the accumulation strategy and consolidation strategy. Middle class farmers apply accumulation strategies. While the lower class farmers implement a survival strategy.*eprm*
ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN USAHATANI BAWANG DAUN DI DESA BONGKUDAI UTARA KECAMATAN MOOAT KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW TIMUR
Authors: Mamusung Elsa Novera , Rengkung Leonardus Ricky , Talumingan Celcius .,
Published: July 2019

This study aims to analyze how much profit the farmers get in the activities of scallion farming in North Bongkudai Village, Mooat District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The study was conducted for 3 months from October to December 2018. The data used in this study were primary data and secondary data. Primary data collection is through direct interviews with 60 respondents using the stratified random sampling method. Interviews were conducted based on a previously prepared questionnaire, and secondary data was obtained from the Bolaang Mongondow East Agriculture Office, North Bongkudai Village Office, Sam Ratulangi University Faculty of Agriculture Library, and Local Book Stores. The analysis in this study is qualitative and quantitativeanalysis presented in table form and then described descriptively. The results showed that the amount of profit of the scallion farmers per bed in Bongkudai Utara village in the first strata (lower layer) was Rp.426,664, while for the second strata (middle layer) was Rp.439,185 and for the third strata (upper layer) was Rp. 1,227,853. The highest profit of scallion farmers in Bongkudai Utara Village is in the third strata, reaching Rp1,227,853 per bed.*lrr+eprm*
KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN SUMBERDAYA MANUSIA PETANI DI DESA TOUNELET KECAMATAN SONDER
Authors: Turangan Rivaldi Novel , Suzana Benu Olfie , Manginsela Elsje Pauline
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to describe the Performance of Agricultural Extension in the Development of Farmer Human Resources. This research was conducted in Tounelet Village, Sonder District, Minahasa District for 3 (three) months conducted in April to June 2018. Primary data was obtained directly from interviews with farmers, extension agents, agriculture, fisheries and forestry (BP3K) sub-districts of Sonder using questionnaires. Secondary data was obtained from the local government and the Sonder District Agricultural, Fisheries and Forestry Extension Agency (BP3K), there were books available at local bookstores and the internet through the Google search engine, Google Scholar to access scientific journal articles and thesis related to the topic of this research as well as various information about the performance of extension agents for the development of farmers' human resources and assessment of the performance of extension agents. The results showed that the performance value of agricultural extension agents, according to the criteria of Ruky (2001), reached 517, which meant that the performance of extension agents was sufficient.*erprm*
KONTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP KELUARGA PETANI DI DESA KIE ICI KECAMATAN IBU KABUPATEN HALMAHERA BARAT
Authors: Sawangponto Astrodein ., , Moniaga Vicky Richard B. , Kumaat Ribka Magdalena
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the contribution of housewives to the income of farmer families in Kie ici Village, Mother District, West Halmahera Regency. This research was conducted for three monthsfrom October to December 2018. Data collection methods used were primary data and secondary data. The data taken is primary data using direct interview techniques and questionnaires for 30 farmer housewives. While secondary data was obtained from the Kie ici Village office, books available in stores and the internet such as google cendekia to access articles from various scientific journals and theses from other universities related to the topic of this research namely the contribution of housewives to the family. The results showed that the contribution of housewives' income to farmer households in Kie ici village in general housewives were able to contribute, at 39.68 percent, to family income which could be categorized as sufficiently fulfilling the family's need to live.*eprm*
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI TOMAT DI DESA TONSEWER KECAMATAN TOMPASO KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Talumingan Celcius
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the costs and farm income. Research carried on in March to May 2010 in the village of Tonsewer, district of Tompaso, Regency of Minahasa. The data obtained in this study include primary data and secondary data. The method of collecting data was obtained by interview using the questionnaire as a tool in data collection. Primary data were obtained from tomato farmers and secondary data obtained from the relevant authorities of this research. Results showed that most farmers in the village of respondents aged   28-67 years, having elementary through high school levels, the number of dependents a family of 3 to 4 people and is the owner of tenant farmers. This study uses the income analysis to determine the level of income from tomato farmers and comparative analysis between revenue and costs  to determine the level of success of farming tomatoes. The results showed that the average farmer's income of Rp 3,386,987.8 per two planting seasons or Rp 4,908,784.6 per one planting season.  R/C  > 1 is a successful farmer in tomato farming.
Distinguishing Polar and Coplanar Circumbinary Exoplanets by Eclipse Timing Variations
Authors: Zhang 张 Zhanbo 湛伯 , Fabrycky Daniel C.
Published: July 2019

Circumbinary planets (CBPs) can be misaligned with their host binary stars. Orbital dynamics, simulations, and recent observations of protoplanetary disks all suggest that the planet can stably orbit in a plane perpendicular to that of an eccentric host binary star (i.e., a polar orbit). No solid claim of detection of such a configuration has been made; the nine systems detected by the transit technique are nearly coplanar, but their discovery is also biased toward that configuration. Here, we develop eclipse timing variations (ETVs) as a method to detect misaligned CBPs. We find that because the apsidal motion (periastron precession) of the host binary is prograde for a coplanar planet and retrograde for a polar planet, the mean eclipse periods of primary and secondary eclipses differ in a way that distinguishes those configurations. Second, the eclipse duration variations vary in a way that can confirm that inference, over and against a polar model. Third, the relative phasing of primary and secondary ETVs on the planet’s orbital timescale also distinguishes the two configurations, which we explain analytically and quantify through a grid of numerical models. We apply these methods to Kepler-34, a transiting planet known to be nearly coplanar by detailed photodynamic modeling. In this system, we find that the binary eclipse times alone suffice to distinguish these orbital configurations, using the effects introduced here. Our work provides a tool for discovering potential polar CBPs, or misaligned CBPs of milder inclinations, from the existing ETV data set of the Kepler, as well as future observations by TESS or PLATO.
Discovery of CCS Velocity-coherent Substructures in the Taurus Molecular Cloud 1
Authors: Dobashi Kazuhito , Shimoikura Tomomi , Ochiai Tetsu , Nakamura Fumitaka , Kameno Seiji , Mizuno Izumi , Taniguchi Kotomi
Published: July 2019

We present the results of mapping observations toward a nearby starless filamentary cloud, the Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC-1), in the CCS (

, 45.379033 GHz) emission line, using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. The map shows that the TMC-1 filament has a diameter of ∼0.1 pc and a length of ∼0.5 pc at a distance of 140 pc. The position–velocity diagrams of CCS clearly indicate the existence of velocity-coherent substructures in the filament. We identify 21 substructures that are coherent in the position–position–velocity space by eye. Most of the substructures are elongated along the major axis of the TMC-1 filament. The line densities of the subfilaments are close to the critical line density for the equilibrium (∼17 M
☉ pc−1 for the excitation temperature of 10 K), suggesting that self-gravity should play an important role in the dynamics of the subfilaments.
Convective Overshooting in Low-mass Stars Using the k–ω Model
Authors: Guo Fei , Li Yan
Published: July 2019

The mixing of convective overshoot is quite uncertain in low-mass stars. To study the mixing in the convective core and beyond the convective boundary for low-mass stars, we use the k–ω model, which is proposed by Li. We determine that the distance of the overshooting region is about 0.072

in the 1.3 M
⊙ star. There are two parts in the overshooting region, one is the completely mixing region of about

, and the other is the partial mixing region of about 0.045

. Next, we study the semiconvection for low-mass stars. We find that the semiconvection near the convective core boundary can be removed when we use the k–ω model. Then, we calibrate the

for classical overshooting by using the k–ω model. As a result, we find that a suitable value of

is about 0.008 for the mass range of 1.0–1.8 M
⊙ stars.
Discovery of a Close-separation Binary Quasar at the Heart of a z ∼ 0.2 Merging Galaxy and Its Implications for Low-frequency Gravitational Waves
Authors: Goulding Andy D. , Pardo Kris , Greene Jenny E. , Mingarelli Chiara M. F. , Nyland Kristina , Strauss Michael A.
Published: July 2019

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries with masses of ∼108–109
M
⊙ are expected to dominate the contribution to the as-yet undetected gravitational wave background (GWB) signal at the nanohertz frequencies accessible to pulsar timing arrays. We currently lack firm empirical constraints on the amplitude of the GWB due to the dearth of confirmed SMBH binaries in the required mass range. Using Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 images, we have discovered a z ∼ 0.2 quasar hosted in a merger remnant with two closely separated (0.″13 or ∼430 pc) continuum cores at the heart of the galaxy SDSS J1010+1413. The two cores are spatially coincident with two powerful [O iii]-emitting point sources with quasar-like luminosities (L
AGN ∼ 5 × 1046 erg s−1), suggesting the presence of a bound SMBH system, each with M
BH > 4 × 108
M
⊙. We place an upper limit on the merging timescale of the SMBH pair of 2.5 billion years, roughly the universe lookback time at z ∼ 0.2. There is likely a population of quasar binaries similar to SDSS J1010+1413 that contribute to a stochastic GWB that should be detected in the next several years. If the GWB is not detected this could indicate that SMBHs merge only over extremely long timescales, remaining as close separation binaries for many Hubble times, the so-called “final-parsec problem.”
A Hard Look at Thermal Reverberation and Optical/Ultraviolet Lags in NGC 5548
Authors: Kammoun E. S. , Papadakis I. E. , Dovčiak M.
Published: July 2019

The ultraviolet (UV)/optical variations in many active galactic nuclei are very well correlated, showing delays that increase with increasing wavelength. It is thought that this is due to thermal reprocessing of the X-ray emission by the accretion disk. In this scenario, the variable X-ray flux from the corona illuminates the accretion disk where it is partially reflected, and partially absorbed and thermalized in the disk producing a UV/optical reverberation signal. This leads to time lags that increase with wavelength. However, although the shape of the observed time lags as a function of wavelength is consistent with the model predictions, their amplitude suggests the presence of a disk that is significantly hotter than expected. In this work, we estimate the response functions and the corresponding time lags assuming a standard Novikov–Thorne accretion disk illuminated by a point-like X-ray source. We take into account all relativistic effects in the light propagation from the X-ray source to the disk then to the observer. We also compute the disk reflection, accounting for its ionization profile. Our results show that thermal reverberation effects are stronger in sources with large X-ray source height and low accretion rate. We also found that the time lags increase with height and accretion rate. We apply our model to NGC 5548 and show that the observed lags in this source can be explained by the model for a source height of ∼60 r
g and an accretion rate of a few percent of the Eddington limit for a maximally spinning black hole.
Data Quality Task Group 2: Tests and Assertions
Authors: Belbin Lee , Chapman Arthur , Wieczorek John , Zermoglio Paula , Morris Paul
Published: July 2019

‘Data Quality Test and Assertions’ Task Group 2 (https://www.tdwg.org/community/bdq/tg-2/) has taken another year to clarify the 102 tests (https://github.com/tdwg/bdq/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3ATest). The original mandate to develop a core suite of tests that could be widely applied from data collection to user evaluation of aggregated data seemed straight-forward. Two years down the track, we have proven that to be incorrect. Among the final tests are complexities that none of the core group anticipated. For example, the need for a definition of ‘empty’ or the ‘Expected response’ from the test under various scenarios.

The record-based tests apply to Darwin Core terms (https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/) and have been classified as of type validation (66), amendment (29), notification (3) or measure (5). Validations test one or more Darwin Core terms against known characteristics, for example, VALIDATION_MONTH_NOTSTANDARD. Amendments may be applied to Darwin Core terms where we can unambiguously offer an improvement to the record, for example, AMENDMENT_MONTH_STANDARDIZED. Notifications are made where we believe a flag will help alert users to an issue that needs evaluation, for example, NOTIFICATION_DATAGENERALIZATIONS_NOTEMPTY. Measures are summaries of test outcomes at the record level, for example, MEASURE_AMENDMENTS_PROPOSED.

We note that 41 require some parameters to be established at the time of test implementation, 20 tests require access to a currently accepted vocabulary and 3 tests rely on ISO/DCMI standards. The dependency on vocabularies to circumscribe permissible values for Darwin Core terms led to the establishment by Paula Zermoglio of DQ Task Group 4 (https://github.com/tdwg/bdq/tree/master/Vocabularies). A vocabulary of 154 terms that are associated with the tests and assertions have been developed.

As at the time of writing this abstract, test data and demonstration code implementation of each test are yet to be completed. We hope these will be finalized by the time of this presentation.
DiSSCo, iDigBio and the Future of Global Collaboration
Authors: Nelson Gil , Paul Deborah L
Published: July 2019

Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio) is the United States’ (US) national resource and coordinating center for biodiversity specimen digitization and mobilization. It was established in 2011 through the US National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections (ADBC) program, an initiative that grew from a working group of museum-based and other biocollections professionals working in concert with NSF to make collections' specimen data accessible for science, education, and public consumption. The working group, Network Integrated Biocollections Alliance (NIBA), released two reports (Beach et al. 2010, American Institute of Biological Sciences 2013) that provided the foundation for iDigBio and ADBC.

iDigBio is restricted in focus to the ingestion of data generated by public, non-federal museum and academic collections. Its focus is on specimen-based (as opposed to observational) occurrence records. iDigBio currently serves about 118 million transcribed specimen-based records and 29 million specimen-based media records from approximately 1600 datasets. These digital objects have been contributed by about 700 collections representing nearly 400 institutions and is the most comprehensive biodiversity data aggregator in the US.

Currently, iDigBio, DiSSCo (Distributed System of Scientific Collections), GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), and the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) are collaborating on a global framework to harmonize technologies towards standardizing and synchronizing ingestion strategies, data models and standards, cyberinfrastructure, APIs (application programming interface), specimen record identifiers, etc. in service to a developing consolidated global data product that can provide a common source for the world’s digital biodiversity data. The collaboration strives to harness and combine the unique strengths of its partners in ways that ensure the individual needs of each partner’s constituencies are met, design pathways for accommodating existing and emerging aggregators, simultaneously strengthen and enhance access to the world’s biodiversity data, and underscore the scope and importance of worldwide biodiversity informatics activities. Collaborators will share technology strategies and outputs, align conceptual understandings, and establish and draw from an international knowledge base.

These collaborators, along with Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG), will join iDigBio and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History as they host Biodiversity 2020 in Washington, DC. Biodiversity 2020 will combine an international celebration of the worldwide progress made in biodiversity data accessibility in the 21st century with a biodiversity data conference that extends the life of Biodiversity Next. It will provide a venue for the GBIF governing board meeting, TDWG annual meeting, and the annual iDigBio Summit as well as three days of plenary and concurrent sessions focused on the present and future of biodiversity data generation, mobilization, and use.
DINA: Open Source and Open Services - A modern approach for natural history collection management systems and research
Authors: Glöckler Falko , Macklin James , Ronquist Fredrik , Hoffmann Jana
Published: July 2019

The DINA Consortium (“DIgital information system for NAtural history data”, https://dina-project.net ) was formed in order to provide a framework for like-minded large natural history collection-holding institutions to collaborate through a distributed Open Source development model to produce a flexible and sustainable collection management system. Target collections include zoological, botanical, mycological, geological and paleontological collections, living collections, biodiversity inventories, observation records, and molecular data. DINA is funded by the participating member institutions. DINA Core Members are organizations or individuals who commit at least one half-time equivalent of resources to the development of the consortium goals, at least half of which should be available for code development.

The DINA system is architected as a loosely-coupled set of several web-based modules. The conceptual basis for this modular ecosystem is a compilation of comprehensive guidelines for Web application programming interfaces (APIs) to guarantee the interoperability of its components. Thus, all DINA components can be modified or even replaced by other components without crashing the rest of the system as long as they are DINA compliant. Furthermore, the modularity enables the institutions to host only the components they need. DINA focuses on an Open Source software philosophy and on community-driven open development, so the contributors share their development resources and expertise outside of their own institutions.

One of the overarching reasons to develop a new collection management system is the need to better model complex relationships between collection objects (typically specimens), research data and associated workflows. We will present the enhancements provided by the approach of the DINA system focussing on the flexibility to plug in compliant components and accommodate additional (meta-)data and specimen related research data with the help of a generic data module.

Furthermore, we will discuss challenges in the governance of the development activities such as organizing the distributed code development of the core modules, the code review process and the choice of the software stack. These organizational challenges will be overcome with the help of a revised Memorandum of Understanding.
La création d’entreprise à haute fréquence
Authors: La Rochebrochard Jean de
Published: July 2019

Avec un rythme effréné pour une équipe de seulement trois personnes, Kima Ventures, “business angel le plus actif au monde”, affiche des performances remarquables. Une vision claire de l’entrepreneuriat, un processus précis et un apprentissage permanent sont au cœur de son modèle.
Comment un équipementier français organise ses activités en Chine : l’expérience de Valeo
Authors: Pirey Édouard de
Published: July 2019

La Chine n’est plus “l’usine du monde”. Elle est désormais une source majeure d’innovations et son marché intérieur est en pleine expansion. Face à cette évolution rapide, Valeo Chine relève avec succès le défi d’être chinois en Chine tout en restant un groupe international.
Chapitre 2. Climat, obstacles à l’action et responsabilités
Authors: Bourg Dominique
Published: July 2019

Cette contribution balaie les différents obstacles à l’action en matière de lutte contre le dérèglement climatique. Sont en premier lieu envisagées les difficultés qui découlent des caractéristiques physiques du dérèglement en question, rapportées à nos capacités humaines de perception et de réaction. Sont en second lieu envisagés les obstacles politiques, institutionnels et juridique à une action à la hauteur des enjeux.
L’émergence : un processus évolutif et protéiforme
Authors: Berenger Valérie , Vérez Jean-Claude
Published: July 2019

L’émergence est polysémique et évolutive. Les disciplines qui s’y intéressent recourent à des outils méthodologiques spécifiques et à des critères différents. C’est notamment le cas en économie, en relations internationales et en géopolitique. On ne saurait considérer l’une d’entre elles comme suffisante. L’approche transversale semble incontournable pour appréhender l’émergence insérée dans la mondialisation. Classification JEL : F50, F63, N4, O0
Limites de l’émergence au Brésil et désindustrialisation : un scénario explicatif de la crise ?
Authors: Treillet Stéphanie
Published: July 2019

L’examen des mécanismes de la phase de croissance ayant conduit, au début des années 2000, à classer le Brésil parmi les économies émergentes montre leur caractère ambivalent car porteur de vulnérabilité. Si la conjoncture mondiale a permis au pays d’augmenter la part des produits primaires dans ses exportations, il apparaît que la désindustrialisation de l’économie renvoie à des tendances structurelles de long terme, et pose la question de la cohérence du système productif.
Dynamiques, marqueurs et fragilités des trajectoires d’émergence en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Hamadou Daouda Youssoufou
Published: July 2019

Cet article analyse les dynamiques de transformation structurelle qui caractérisent les processus d’émergence africains tout en spécifiant la diversité et la fragilité des trajectoires. Nous situons tout d’abord la place de l’émergence dans les stratégies nationales de développement afin d’offrir une clef de lecture des dimensions économique, politique et sociale de l’émergence. Ensuite, nous abordons les marqueurs de l’émergence, en particulier les mutations et les transformations structurelles en cours et les contraintes sous-jacentes. Enfin, les pays africains ont des trajectoires d’émergence différenciées. Nous évoquons la diversité et la fragilité des dynamiques d’émergence, reflétant les politiques de spécialisation primaire et le jeu des contraintes internes et extérieures. Classification JEL : O10, O21, O40
Parcours de socialisation politique d’ingénieurs au travail
Authors: Sainsaulieu Ivan , Surdez Muriel , Zufferey Éric
Published: July 2019

Résumé Se penchant sur la manière dont le travail impacte les rapports ordinaires au politique d’un petit groupe d’ingénieurs en nanotechnologies, l’article propose une articulation des moments clés de leur socialisation politique et contribue par là à l’analyse des logiques de production des opinions politiques des membres de catégories moyennes supérieures, exerçant une profession technique. Dans un premier temps, si les ingénieurs interrogés sont d’abord socialisés politiquement dans leur famille (le plus souvent à droite), ils prennent leur distance avec cet héritage du fait de l’acquisition au cours de leur apprentissage professionnel d’un schème technoscientifique d’appréhension du politique. Ensuite, leur carrière professionnelle prend soit un cours collectif, axé sur le maintien d’une professionnalité technique, soit un cours plus individuel et tourné vers des objectifs plutôt managériaux, ces deux types de trajectoires infléchissant vers la gauche ou la droite leur lecture du politique. Cette orientation est encore infirmée ou confirmée ultérieurement, selon la configuration et l’évolution de l’entourage social interpersonnel, particulièrement de ses composantes professionnelles ou extra-professionnelles. Ainsi la conjugalité et les amis peuvent faire contrepoids ou aller dans le sens de la socialisation politique au travail.
L’absence d’« islamité » de la finance islamique lors de son établissement au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Coste Frédéric
Published: July 2019

Résumé La spécificité de la finance islamique est d’en appeler au référent religieux. Toutefois, cet article ambitionne de montrer, contre-intuitivement, que cette forme de finance a pu connaître un essor au Royaume-Uni à partir des années 2000 en raison du fait que son caractère « islamique » n’est pas intervenu dans le processus d’institutionnalisation. Elle n’est pas une demande des musulmans britanniques bien qu’elle s’adresse en premier lieu à eux ; elle n’a pas été inscrite dans la politique d’« inclusion financière » alors menée par le gouvernement ; aucune atteinte au droit séculier n’a résulté de la conformité prétendue de banques à la shariah  ; elle correspond à une volonté de normalisation de la part de ses promoteurs où l’aspect universaliste de l’éthique sera clamé, supplantant l’identité religieuse. Ses effets seront de contribuer à proposer ainsi une « islamité » nouvelle.
Particle Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Mercangoz Burcu Adiguzel
Published: July 2019

Optimization is discovering an alternative with the most cost-effective or highest-achievable performance under the given constraints, by maximizing desired factors and minimizing undesired ones. Portfolio optimization in finance depends on selecting assets from an opportunity set which yields highest expected return on each level of portfolio risk. Optimization algorithms based on natural events are called heuristic algorithms. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population-based heuristic optimization technique. The technique is inspired by the ability of animals such as birds and fish to adapt to their environment by applying a “sharing of knowledge” approach, to find rich food sources and to avoid hunting. This chapter focuses on portfolio selection problems and shows how to manage financial portfolios using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique which is a heuristic algorithm. In order to better understand the subject, the technique has been evaluated in Istanbul Stock Exchange for three transportation sector stocks.
The Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Mercangöz Burcu Adıguzel , Eroglu Ergun
Published: July 2019

The portfolio optimization is an important research field of the financial sciences. In portfolio optimization problems, it is aimed to create portfolios by giving the best return at a certain risk level from the asset pool or by selecting assets that give the lowest risk at a certain level of return. The diversity of the portfolio gives opportunity to increase the return by minimizing the risk. As a powerful alternative to the mathematical models, heuristics is used widely to solve the portfolio optimization problems. The genetic algorithm (GA) is a technique that is inspired by the biological evolution. While this book considers the heuristics methods for the portfolio optimization problems, this chapter will give the implementing steps of the GA clearly and apply this method to a portfolio optimization problem in a basic example.
Women in Leadership From the Perspective of a Chinese-American Professional
Authors: Cheng Sherry
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the chapter is to introduce changing roles of women over time, both in the settings of household and professional settings. As analyzed through the perspective of a Chinese-American professional, the chapter is to illustrate the challenges faced by women globally but also from Asian-American women in particular. In this chapter, the concerns of professional women have not only concerned women in general, but also minority women, especially in the United States. The questions of minority women in the workplace have raised critical concerns of professional integration and assimilation. In other words, minority women in general have struggled to seek professional careers with upward mobility. The question of how minority women choose careers and seek stability within their work places are being asked and explored within the current literature. The current literature explores how our psychological has and sociological changes in the society have affected how women understand their places and positions in their workplaces.
A Predictive Fuzzy Expert System for Crop Disease Diagnostic and Decision Support
Authors: Pandey Prateek , Litoriya Ratnesh
Published: July 2019

Soybean accounts for 38% of the total oilseed production in India, and around 50% of the total oilseed production in Kharif season. This crop has shown tremendous growth over the last four decades with an average national yield of 1264 kg/hectare. Currently, soybean is severely attacked by more than 10 major diseases. Yield losses due to different diseases ranges from 20 to 100%. Timely detection of soybean crop disease would help farmers save their money, effort, and crop from being destroyed. This chapter presents a case study on the development of a decision support system for prediction of soybean crop disease severity. The outcome of this system will aid farmers to decide the extent of disease treatment to be employed. Such predictions make use of human involvement, and thus are a source of ambiguities. To deal with such ambiguities in decision making, this decision support system uses fuzzy inference method based on triangular fuzzy sets.
Application of Fuzzy Expert System for Prediction of Farmer Muscle Strength
Authors: Mishra Debesh , Satapathy Suchismita
Published: July 2019

In this chapter, 168 anthropometric dimensions and the back-leg-chest (BLC) strength as the muscle strength of 113 male farmers and 31 female farmers of Odisha are statistically analyzed. Factor analysis is done to identify the most significant anthropometric dimensions. Then correlation coefficient and regression analysis are done considering the anthropometric dimensions and BLC strength. Further, an attempt is made by using ANFIS tool to predict the BLC strength of both male and female farmers. It is found that ANFIS could better predict the muscle strength of farmers.
Application of Fuzzy Logic in Plant Disease Management
Authors: Nagi Reva , Tripathy Sanjaya Shankar
Published: July 2019

The timely detection of the infection in plants and its severity is a major concern for the farmers. Although various techniques have been employed to identify and estimate the severity of infection, they generally use a fixed threshold to segment the infected areas from the leaf image. Such methods define the participation of a pixel, as part of the infected area, in the form of a classical or crisp set. Use of fuzzy logic in feature extraction, grading the disease post identification, and estimating the disease severity are seen as rapidly growing techniques. Using fuzzy logic, the infected area is calculated by considering the degree of contribution provided by neighboring pixels to the current pixel. The severity estimation is performed on the basis of the infected area and the number of lesions in the leaf image. Depending on the amount of infection, severity has been classified into early, middle, later, and advanced stage. The proposed technique will help the farmers to identify the disease class at an early stage.
Beyond the Catholic Church
Authors: Pradere Dominica , Ford Theron N. , Glimps Blanche J.
Published: July 2019

Since the early 1980s, allegations of the sexual abuse of children by members of the clergy and other representatives of religious organizations have been reported in the media with alarming frequency. In North America, the majority of reports highlight the Catholic Church. Many of these allegations refer to incidents, which took place many years previously. This chapter explores three specific examples of other religious groups, that are not the Catholic Church, involved with the sexual abuse of children. These include the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons), Moravians, and Orthodox Judaism (Haredi).
Smart Internet of Things (IoT) Applications
Authors: Verma Rahul
Published: July 2019

The internet of things (IoT) is the new buzzword in technological corridors with most technology companies announcing a smart device of sorts that runs on internet of things (IoT). Cities around the world are getting “smarter” every day through the implementation of internet of things (IoT) devices. Cities around the world are implementing individual concepts on their way to becoming smart. The services are automated and integrated end to end using internet of things (IoT) devices. The chapter presents an array of internet of things (IoT) applications. Also, cyber physical systems are becoming more vulnerable since the internet of things (IoT) attacks are common and threatening the security and privacy of such systems. The main aim of this chapter is to bring more research in the application aspects of smart internet of things (IoT).
Deployment of Narrowband Internet of Things
Authors: Routray Sudhir K.
Published: July 2019

Internet of things (IoT) is an integral part of modern digital ecosystem. It is available in different forms. Narrowband IoT (NBIoT) is one of the special forms of the IoTs available for deployment. It is popular due to its low power wide area (LPWA) characteristics. For new initiatives such as smart grids and smart cities, a large number of sensors will be deployed and the demand for power is expected to be high for such IoT deployments. NBIoT has the potential to reduce the power and bandwidth required for large IoT projects. In this chapter, different practical aspects of NBIoT deployment have been addressed. The LPWA features of NBIoT can be realized effectively if and only if its deployment is done properly. Due to its large demand, it has been standardized in a very short span of time. However, the 5G deployment of NBIoT will have some new provisions.
Smart Cities Project
Authors: Nanda Mahima , Randhawa Gurpreet
Published: July 2019

The smart cities mission of the Government of India has opened up new pathways for urban redevelopment and transformation. But given the limited resources available with a developing country, a more pragmatic approach would be to first learn from the best international experiences and approaches and then implement those in Indian context. With this view, the chapter examines some of the best practices related with different aspects of a smart city and suggests their relevancy for the development of smart cities in India. The study found that by focusing on the five core areas (i.e., urban mobility and public transport, safety and security of citizens, health and education, water management, and robust IT connectivity and social networking) the concerned authorities in India can successfully achieve their goal of urban redevelopment and transformation with scarce resources. Limitations and scope for future research are discussed in the end.
Pre-Service English Teachers' Perception of the Practicum Experience
Authors: Pinto-Llorente Ana María
Published: July 2019

The aim of the research is to explore pre-service teachers' perceptions of a school-based practicum experience as part of their training as future teachers. To achieve the goal of the research, a quantitative study is employed. The sample is composed of a total of 113 pre-service teachers studying the last year of the Degree in Primary Education: English ranging in age from 22 to 48. To operationalize the variables and collect the data, the researchers use a questionnaire. On analysing the results, the investigators highlight that pre-service teachers are quite satisfied with the experience, the majority of them consider this practice brings them the opportunity to observe the real context in which they will develop their future work, and to put into practice what they have acquired. The experience contributes to student empowerment in learning since they have the opportunity to manage different lessons and demonstrate their teaching skills.
Stifled Teacher Efficacy
Authors: Virtue Ardene
Published: July 2019

The chapter proposes that the honing of teacher efficacy is a necessary prerequisite for the implementation of post-method pedagogy (PMP). The application of PMP requires an autonomous practitioner who undertakes an experimental approach to teaching English as a second language. Hence, it is justifiable that teachers would need a high self-assurance in their capabilities to make comprehensive judgments regarding their selection, and effectual employment of teaching practices. The chapter examines how teacher agency is negated by three factors – practitioners' operation as passive implementers of dicta, a product-focussed school context that discourages teachers' self-directed instructional approaches, and teachers' overreliance on teaching resources such as the textbook. Finally, the chapter provides PMP criteria for teachers' effective engagement of textbooks which practitioners could competently apply providing they have achieved their efficacies.