bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of gas-phase ambient air derived from passive sampling and an in vitro bioassay
Authors: McDonough Carrie A. , Franks Diana G. , Hahn Mark E. , Lohmann Rainer
Published: January 2019

The gaseous fraction of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in ambient air appears to be responsible for a significant portion of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity, but the majority of compounds contributing to this activity remain unidentified. The present study investigated the use of polyethylene passive samplers to isolate gaseous HOCs from ambient air for use in in vitro bioassays and to improve our understanding of the toxicological relevance of the gaseous fraction of ambient air in urban and residential environments. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organic flame retardants were measured in polyethylene passive sampler extracts. Extracts were also analyzed using an in vitro bioassay to measure AhR-mediated activity. Bioassay-derived benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) equivalents (BaP-Eqbio), a measure of potency of HOC mixtures, were greatest in the downtown Cleveland area and lowest at rural/residential sites further from the city center. The BaP-Eqbio was weakly correlated with concentrations of 2-ring alkyl/substituted PAHs and one organophosphate flame retardant, ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate. Potency predicted based on literature-derived induction equivalency factors (IEFs) explained only 2 to 23% of the AhR-mediated potency observed in bioassay experiments. Our results suggests that health risks of gaseous ambient air pollution predicted using data from targeted chemical analysis may underestimate risks of exposure, most likely due to augmentation of potency by unmonitored chemicals in the mixture, and the lack of relevant IEFs for many targeted analytes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:748–759. © 2019 SETAC
Model driven framework to enhance sensor network design cycle
Authors: Kifouche Abdenour , Hamouche Redha , Kocik Remy , Rachedi Abderrezak , Baudoin Genevieve
Published: January 2019

Recent advances in sensor network provide more and more equipment with a large amount of sensors and actuators. However, their adoptions in modern life face several challenges. First, sensor network design is complex and requires several steps including network sizing, hardware and software development, deployment, and data exploitation. Often, each step is managed by a particular tool. These tools are rarely connected to each other. Therefore, descriptions are required in each used tool. These multiple descriptions are costly in terms of development time and can lead to design errors. In order to address these issues, we propose a new model‐driven framework named Modesene to efficiently design a sensor network for different kind of application. Modesene is designed to ensure four main process including multifacets modeling, network simulations, deployment, and data exploitation. The proposed framework supports sensor network tools by providing bridges with these tools. Therefore, one description in Modesene can be automatically transformed in each used tool. The framework can perform simulations and code generation. It promotes a data‐driven approach; in fact, data obtained by simulations is used to drive design choices. We validate our framework through use case of smart building with two possible solutions. Based on Omnet++ simulator, Modesene can assess node lifetime, costs, and packets loss. Thereafter, the obtained results drive the choice of the suitable solution. Then, the code generator provides source codes for sensor nodes, gateway nodes, and for data exploitation. Compared to existing frameworks, Modesene deals with all design steps.
Root, rhizome and scape anatomy of Amazonian species of Mapania Aubl. (Mapanioideae, Cyperaceae) and its taxonomic and ecological significance
Authors: Silva Arthur de Lima , Alves Marccus Vinícius da Silva , Coan Alessandra Ike
Published: January 2019

Cyperaceae are a cosmopolitan Monocot family comprising about 5,700 species divided into two subfamilies: Cyperoideae and Mapanioideae. Within Mapanioideae, Mapania is the largest genus, with about 90 species. Anatomical studies on Mapanioideae are of great importance but still scarce. Here, the anatomy of roots, rhizomes and scapes of five Amazonian species of Mapania is studied. The species have two types of roots, which differ anatomically: thick roots, serving mainly for fixing, and thin ones, mainly for nutrient absorption. Rhizomes show a uniform anatomical pattern, with amyloplasts and phenolic idioblasts in the cortex and in the vascular cylinder, without aerenchyma. In this organ, the collateral vascular bundles are similar to those found in Hypolytrum, a genus closely related to Mapania within Mapanioideae, suggesting that this feature may be diagnostic for the tribe Hypolytreae. The scape anatomy of the species is taxonomically important at species level but does not corroborate precisely the infrageneric classification of the genus. Finally, the aerenchyma found in roots and scapes is an adaptive character state for a humid forest environment. This work contributes valuable information for the anatomical characterization of vegetative organs of Mapania and discusses its taxonomic and ecological relevance.
Frontostriatal network dysfunction as a domain‐general mechanism underlying phantom perception
Authors: Hullfish Jeffrey , Abenes Ian , Yoo Hye Bin , De Ridder Dirk , Vanneste Sven
Published: January 2019

In the present study, we use resting state fMRI to investigate whether nucleus accumbens (NAc) and extended frontostriatal networks are involved in the pathology of auditory phantom perception, i.e., tinnitus, through a study of functional connectivity. We hypothesize that resting state functional connectivity involving NAc will be increased relative to what is observed in healthy subjects and that this connectivity will correlate with clinical measures of tinnitus such as percept loudness, duration of symptoms, etc. We show that a large sample of patients with chronic tinnitus (n = 90) features extensive functional connectivity involving NAc that is largely absent in healthy subjects (n = 94). We further show that connectivity involving NAc correlates significantly with tinnitus percept loudness and the duration of tinnitus symptoms, even after controlling for the effects of age and hearing loss. The loudness correlation, which involves NAc and parahippocampal cortex, is consistent with existing literature identifying the parahippocampus as a tinnitus generator. Our results further suggest that frontostriatal connectivity may predict the transition from acute to chronic tinnitus, analogous to what is seen in the pain literature. We discuss these ideas and suggest fruitful avenues for future research.
The investigation of human error analysis in adverse drug events in Taiwan—From the perspective of causality assessment
Authors: Hsieh Min‐Chih , Chiang Po‐Yi , Wang Eric Min‐Yang , Kung Wen‐Chuan , Hu Ya‐Tzu , Huang Ming‐Shi , Hsieh Huei‐Chi
Published: January 2019

The goal of this study is to analyze the adverse drug events, using the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS), and to identify the causality between the error factors. Twenty‐five cases related to medication errors were identified. Seven experts were recruited to form an expert team for this study. The HFACS and root cause analysis were utilized in this study to identify the causal factors and the root causes of medication errors. The frequency of each error factor was recorded, and odds ratio was applied to measure the strength of the relevance of the error factors between adjacent levels of the HFACS. The results showed that 222 errors were identified and the main pathways and subpathways of medication errors from Level 4 to Level 1 of the HFACS were arranged in this study. According to the results, the deficiencies in organizations could be the main reasons causing adverse drug events in Taiwan.
Comparison of medical management and genetic counseling options pre‐ and post‐whole exome sequencing for patients with positive and negative results
Authors: Matias Margret , Wusik Katie , Neilson Derek , Zhang Xue , Valencia C. Alexander , Collins Kathleen
Published: January 2019

Whole exome sequencing (WES) is expected to impact patient management, but data surrounding the types of downstream effects and how frequently these effects are observed depending on the type of WES results received is limited. This study investigated changes to medical management and genetic counseling (GC) options following WES for individuals with positive and negative results. Electronic medical records of patients who had positive (n = 37) or negative (n = 41) WES results from Cincinnati Children's Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Pre‐ and post‐WES management and GC options were analyzed as were differences between positive and negative results. Almost all participants (97%) were observed to have at least one difference in medical management and/or GC options following WES. Comparing pre‐ and post‐WES detected significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in genetic testing, imaging, and metabolic testing regardless of WES results. Participants with positive results also had significant differences in recurrence risk, reproductive options, testing for family members, and support groups. Pre‐ to post‐WES differences were significantly different between participants with positive and negative results in specialist referrals, lifestyle recommendations, recurrence risk, and all GC options (p ≤ 0.05); specifically, participants with positive results were more likely to have differences in these categories. Overall, differences in medical management and/or GC options were observed for participants with both types of WES results (positive and negative). Results from this study may contribute to the understanding of how WES impacts patients and their care and thus improve its utilization.
A real‐world experience with 6 months of antitubercular therapy in abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Mandavdhare Harshal S , Singh Harjeet , Dutta Usha , Sharma Vishal
Published: January 2019

Background and Aim

Abdominal tuberculosis is an important form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Evidence from clinical trials suggests that 6 months of antitubercular therapy (ATT) is sufficient for abdominal tuberculosis.

Methods

We report real‐world experience with 6 months of ATT based on a retrospective analysis of patients with abdominal tuberculosis seen at a large tertiary care hospital in India.

Results

Of 101 patients, 93 with complete records were included. The mean age was 35.90 ± 14.06 years, and 53 were males (56.98%). A total of 42 patients (45.16%) had intestinal involvement, 24 (25.08%) had peritoneal, 22 (23.65%) had combined involvement, and 5 patients (5.37%) had isolated lymph nodal involvement. Six patients received prolonged ATT. Six patients developed ATT‐induced hepatitis. Of 64 patients with intestinal involvement, 45 had stricturing disease (70.3%), of whom 7 (15.5%) required surgery due to refractory symptoms. Overall, there was one death, and eight patients (including one with massive gastrointestinal bleeding) needed surgery.

Conclusion

Six months of ATT is associated with objective clinical response in most of the patients of abdominal tuberculosis.
A Simple and Convenient Strategy for the Synthesis of Novel Ten, Twelve, and Fourteen‐membered Phosphorus Macrocyclic Compounds
Authors: Challam Challa Mohan , Avula Balakrishna , Gundala Sravya , Guda Mallikarjuna Reddy , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Cirandur Suresh Reddy , Nemallapudi Bakthavatchala Reddy
Published: January 2019

Synthesis of the title compounds 4(a–i) was accomplished through a two‐step process. The synthetic route involves the cyclization of equimolar quantities of 2,2′‐methylene(methyl)bis(4,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐phenol) (1) with tris‐(2‐chloro‐ethyl) phosphite (2a), tris‐(2‐bromo‐ethyl) phosphine (2b), and tris‐bromo methyl phosphine (2c) in the presence of sodium hydride in dry tetrahydrofuran at 45–50°C. They were further converted to the corresponding oxides, sulfides, and selenides under N2 atmosphere by reacting them with hydrogen peroxide, sulfur, and selenium, respectively (4a–c, 4d–f, and 4g–i). But the compounds 6a,b were prepared by the direct cyclocondensation of equimolar quantities of 1 with (2‐chloro‐ethyl)‐phosphonic acid dibromomethyl ester (5a) and (2‐chloro‐ethyl)‐phosphonic acid bis(2‐bromo‐ethyl) ester (5b) in the presence of sodium hydride in dry tetrahydrofuran at 45–50°C in moderate yields. All the newly synthesized compounds 4(a–i) and 6(a–b) exhibited moderate in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Machine learning‐based prediction of future breast cancer using algorithmically measured background parenchymal enhancement on high‐risk screening MRI
Authors: Saha Ashirbani , Grimm Lars J. , Ghate Sujata V. , Kim Connie E. , Soo Mary S. , Yoon Sora C. , Mazurowski Maciej A.
Published: January 2019

Background

Preliminary work has demonstrated that background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) assessed by radiologists is predictive of future breast cancer in women undergoing high‐risk screening MRI. Algorithmically assessed measures of BPE offer a more precise and reproducible means of measuring BPE than human readers and thus might improve the predictive performance of future cancer development.

Purpose

To determine if algorithmically extracted imaging features of BPE on screening breast MRI in high‐risk women are associated with subsequent development of cancer.

Study Type

Case–control study.

Population

In all, 133 women at high risk for developing breast cancer; 46 of these patients developed breast cancer subsequently over a follow‐up period of 2 years.

Field Strength/Sequence

5 T or 3.0 T T1‐weighted precontrast fat‐saturated and nonfat‐saturated sequences and postcontrast nonfat‐saturated sequences.

Assessment

Automatic features of BPE were extracted with a computer algorithm. Subjective BPE scores from five breast radiologists (blinded to clinical outcomes) were also available.

Statistical Tests

Leave‐one‐out crossvalidation for a multivariate logistic regression model developed using the automatic features and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). Comparison of automatic features and subjective features was performed using a generalized regression model and the P‐value was obtained. Odds ratios for automatic and subjective features were compared.

Results

The multivariate model discriminated patients who developed cancer from the patients who did not, with an AUC of 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.60–0.79, P < 0.001). The imaging features remained independently predictive of subsequent development of cancer (P < 0.003) when compared with the subjective BPE assessment of the readers.

Data Conclusion

Automatically extracted BPE measurements may potentially be used to further stratify risk in patients undergoing high‐risk screening MRI.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 5

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:456–464.
Burden of treatment: Reported outcomes in a head and neck cancer survivorship clinic
Authors: Nilsen Marci Lee , Mady Leila J. , Hodges Jacob , Wasserman‐Wincko Tamara , Johnson Jonas T.
Published: January 2019

Objective

With the intensification and utilization of multimodal treatment, acute toxicities have increased; however, the frequency of treatment sequelae in long‐term head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors are poorly described. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the prevalence and predictors of patient‐reported late and long‐term treatment‐related sequelae in HNC survivors.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of patient‐reported outcomes from 228 survivors attending a multidisciplinary HNC survivorship clinic. The primary outcomes comprised quality of life (QOL), symptoms of anxiety and depression, and swallowing dysfunction.

Results

Male gender, tumor sites in the oropharynx and larynx, longer time since treatment, and treatment with surgery alone were associated with higher physical QOL (P < .05). Male gender, longer time since treatment, and treatment with surgery alone were associated with higher social‐emotional QOL (P < .05). A reduction in anxiety symptoms and a higher QOL were related to longer time since treatment; however, a reduction in swallowing dysfunction symptoms was only related to longer time since treatment until approximately 6 years. After 6 years, survivors reported worse swallowing dysfunction (P < .05). One hundred thirty‐two survivors (56%) reported at least three treatment‐related effects that impacted their daily life. Finally, advanced stage disease at diagnosis (stage III–IV) was also associated with severe swallowing dysfunction (P = .004).

Conclusion

These data indicate the remarkable prevalence of treatment‐related effects in HNC survivors. These results highlight the need for de‐intensification of therapies, where appropriate, and for a better understanding of pathophysiology and new approaches to mitigating treatment effects.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 129:E437–E444, 2019
A finite element simulation of MOM (metal‐on‐metal) hip implant
Authors: Chaturvedi Sumita , Bharti Prem Kumar , Yadav Saurabh Kumar , Singh Saumya
Published: January 2019

The entire load in human body is supported by the hip joint bearing. In the present work, elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of metal and metal hip implant is performed by using Newtonian lubricant. The Reynolds equation coupled with stress equilibrium equation has been used to get the pressure and performance characteristics of hip joint bearing. The governing Reynolds equation is nonlinear and cannot be solved by using close form solution methods. The finite element method and Newton‐Raphson method are used to obtain solution of the present equation. It has been observed that numerical convergence is much faster with NR method. From the results, it is observed that FEM with modified Newton‐Raphson method has the capability to compute accurate results for realistic modelling.
High power holmium:YAG versus thulium fiber laser treatment of kidney stones in dusting mode: ablation rate and fragment size studies
Authors: Hardy Luke A. , Vinnichenko Viktoriya , Fried Nathaniel M.
Published: January 2019

Objectives

The experimental Thulium fiber laser (TFL) is currently being studied as a potential alternative to the gold standard Holmium:YAG laser for lithotripsy. Recent advances in both Holmium and TFL technology allow operation at similar laser parameters for direct comparison. The use of a “dusting” mode with low pulse energy (0.2–0.4 J) and high pulse rate (50–80 Hz) settings, is gaining popularity in lithotripsy due to the desire to produce smaller residual stone fragments during ablation, capable of being spontaneously passed through the urinary tract.

Methods

In this study, Holmium and TFL were directly compared for ‘dusting’ using three laser groups, G1: 0.2 J/50 Hz/10 W; G2: 0.2 J/80 Hz/16 W; and G3: 0.4 J/80 Hz/32 W. Holmium laser pulse durations ranged from 200 to 350 μs, while TFL pulse durations ranged from 500 to 1,000 μs, due to technical limitations for both laser systems. An experimental setup consisting of 1 × 1 cm cuvette with 1 mm sieve was used with continuous laser operation time limited to ≤5 minutes. Calcium oxalate monohydrate stone samples with a sample size of n = 5 were used for each group, with average initial stone mass ranging from 216 to 297 mg among groups.

Results

Holmium laser ablation rates were lower than for TFL at all three settings (G1: 0.3 ± 0.2 vs. 0.8 ± 0.2; G2: 0.6 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.4; G3: 0.7 ± 0.2 vs. 1.3 ± 0.9 mg/s). The TFL also produced a greater percentage by mass of stone dust (fragments <0.5 mm) than Holmium laser. For all three settings combined, one out of 15 (7%) stones treated with Holmium laser were completely fragmented in ≤5 minutes compared to nine out of 15 (60%) stones treated with TFL.

Conclusions

These preliminary studies demonstrate that the TFL is a promising alternative laser for lithotripsy when operated in dusting mode, producing higher stone ablation rates and smaller stone fragments than the Holmium laser. Clinical studies are warranted. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:522–530, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A decision‐making model with utility from anticipation and disappointment
Authors: He Ying , Dyer James S. , Butler John C.
Published: January 2019

We propose a descriptive model to capture the trade‐off between anticipation and either elation or disappointment subject to an optimism/pessimism bias in decision making. In our model, there are two periods of the decision‐making process. In the first period, the decision maker (DM) anticipates receiving the future pay‐offs with subjective probabilities for the lottery outcomes that may deviate from the objective probabilities for these pay‐offs. In the second period, the DM evaluates the lottery outcomes on the basis of the objective probabilities but compares the received outcome with a level of anticipation formed in the first period. The DM will experience elation or disappointment when this outcome is above or below her or his level of anticipation, respectively. We provide an axiomatic framework for our model. Finally, we also show that the model allows risk attitudes that cannot be accommodated by existing models and has implications in portfolio selection and asset pricing problems in finance.
An Osgood type regularity criterion for the 2D Oldroyd‐B model
Authors: Chen Qionglei , Hao Xiaonan
Published: January 2019

By means of the Littlewood‐Paley decomposition and the div‐curl Theorem by Coifman‐Lions‐Meyer‐Semmes, we prove an Osgood type regularity criterion for the 2D incompressible Oldroyd‐B model, that is,

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma5464:mma5464-math-0001
where
denotes the Fourier localization operator whose spectrum is supported in the shell {|ξ|≈2j}.
Curvilinear integrals of discontinuous functions over nonrectifiable paths and Riemann boundary‐value problem
Authors: Kats Boris A. , Katz David B.
Published: January 2019

We study a generalization of the concept of curvilinear integral for the case where path of integration is nonrectifiable, and integrand has discontinuities. Then we apply that integrals for solving of the Riemann boundary‐value problem for domains with nonrectifiable boundaries and discontinuous boundary data. The research is supported by RFBR (grant 18‐31‐00060) and is performed according to a special programme of the Russian government supporting research at Kazan Federal University.

Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences journal encourages authors to share the data and other artifacts supporting the results in the paper by archiving it in an appropriate public repository. Authors may provide a data availability statement, including a link to the repository they have used, in order that this statement can be published in their paper. Shared data should be cited.
The electrical block to polyspermy induced by an intracellular Ca2+ increase at fertilization of the clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Watabe Mami , Izaki Kenta , Fujino Shohei , Maruyama Mei , Kojima Chiho , Hiraiwa Azusa , Ueno Shuichi , Iwao Yasuhiro
Published: January 2019

Polyspermy blocking, to ensure monospermic fertilization, is necessary for normal diploid development in most animals. We have demonstrated here that monospermy in the clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis, as well as in X. laevis, is ensured by a fast, electrical block to polyspermy on the egg plasma membrane after the entry of the first sperm, which is mediated by the positive‐going fertilization potential. An intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) at the sperm entry site was propagated as a Ca2+ wave over the whole egg cytoplasm. In the X. tropicalis eggs fertilized in 10% Steinberg's solution, the positive‐going fertilization potential of +27 mV was generated by opening of Ca2+‐activated Cl−‐channels (CaCCs). The fertilization was completely inhibited when the egg's membrane potential was clamped at +10 mV and 0 mV in X. tropicalis and X. laevis, respectively. In X. tropicalis, a small number of eggs were fertilized at 0 mV. In the eggs whose membrane potential was clamped below −10 mV, a large increase in inward current, the fertilization current, was recorded and allowed polyspermy to occur. A small initial step‐like current (IS current) was observed at the beginning of the increase in the fertilization current. As the IS current was elicited soon after a small increase in [Ca2+]i, this is probably mediated by the opening of CaCCs. This study not only characterized the fast and electrical polyspermy in X. tropicalis, but also explained that the initial phase of [Ca2+]i increase causes IS current during the early phase of egg activation of Xenopus fertilization.
Prenatal detection of isolated bilateral hyperechogenic kidneys: Etiologies and outcomes
Authors: Shuster Shirley , Keunen Johannes , Shannon Patrick , Watkins Nicholas , Chong Karen , Chitayat David
Published: January 2019

Objectives

To delineate the etiology and outcome of prenatally diagnosed isolated bilateral hyperechogenic kidneys (IBHK).

Study Design

Pregnancies with IBHK on prenatal ultrasound identified and followed by us between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2015 were evaluated regarding the etiology and outcome by evaluation of family history, targeted AR‐PKD and AD‐PKD DNA analysis, and microarray analysis, according to renal size and amniotic fluid volume.

Results

Of the 52 identified cases, there were 34 cases with enlarged kidneys, 16 with normal size kidneys, and two with small kidneys. There were seven cases with AD‐PKD, six inherited, and one with de novo causative variants in the PKD1 gene. Fifteen had AR‐PKD, and microarray analysis showed two inherited findings: one with 17q12 deletion including the HNF1B/TCF2 gene inherited from asymptomatic mother and a duplication at 3p26.1 inherited from a healthy father. Of the remaining four cases, three cases had bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidneys, and one had unilateral renal agenesis.

Conclusion

Microarray analysis and mutation analysis for PKD1 and PKHD1 have an important contribution to the diagnostic investigation of IBHK and to the management of affected and future pregnancies. Poor outcome was associated with large hyperechoic kidneys with oligohydramnios.
The Proteomic Profile of Keratinocytes and Lymphocytes in Psoriatic Patients
Authors: Gęgotek Agnieszka , Domingues Pedro , Wroński Adam , Ambrożewicz Ewa , Skrzydlewska Elżbieta
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Psoriatic skin lesions are associated with chronic inflammation related to immune cell activity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare changes in the proteome of psoriatic keratinocytes and lymphocytes.

Experimental Design

A proteomics approach is used to analyze the expression of proteins in keratinocytes and lymphocytes from psoriatic patients and healthy controls.

Results

As a result 2119 proteins for keratinocytes and 1235 proteins for lymphocytes are identified. Psoriatic keratinocytes has 68 downregulated and 7 upregulated proteins and psoriatic lymphocytes has 106 downregulated and 67 upregulated proteins compared to healthy individuals. The list of downregulated proteins includes proteins involved in antioxidant homeostasis and, transcription regulation; upregulated proteins are involved in glycolytic processes and translation. These changes are accompanied by an increased level of 4‐Hydroxynonenal‐protein adducts; control cells are characterized by 4‐Hydroxynonenal‐Lysine adducts formed with structural and binding proteins, while in psoriatic cells 4‐Hydroxynonenal‐Lysine, 4‐Hydroxynonenal‐Histidine, and 4‐Hydroxynonenal‐Cysteine adducts with various molecular function proteins occur.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

This study highlights the changes in psoriatic keratinocytes and lymphocytes that can be directly involved in the development of psoriasis. In both cell types the most significant changes are associated with upregulation of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 and downregulation of thioredoxin reductase.
Proteomic Profiling of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Identifies Two Protein Signatures Associated with Relapse
Authors: Hoff Fieke W. , Hu Chenyue W. , Qutub Amina A. , Qiu Yihua , Hornbaker Marisa J. , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos , Abbas Hussein A. , Post Sean M. , de Bont Eveline S. J. M. , Kornblau Steven M.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is the most prognostically favorable subtype of Acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Defining the features that allow identification of APL patients likely to relapse after therapy remains challenging.

Experimental Design

Proteomic profiling is performed on 20 newly diagnosed APL, 205 non‐APL AML, and 10 normal CD34+ samples using Reverse Phase Protein Arrays probed with 230 antibodies.

Results

Comparison between APL and non‐APL AML samples identifies 8.3% of the proteins to be differentially expressed. Proteins higher expressed in APL are involved in the pro‐apoptotic pathways or are linked to higher proliferation. The “MetaGalaxy” approach that considers proteins in relation to other assayed proteins stratifies the APL patients into two protein signatures. All of the relapse patients (n = 4/4) are in protein signature 2 (S2). Comparison of proteins between the signatures shows significant differences in relative expression for 38 proteins. Protein expression summary plots suggest less translational activity in combination with a less proliferative character for S2 compared to signature 1.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

This study provides a potential proteomic‐based classification of APL patients that may be useful for risk stratification and therapeutic guidance. Validation in a larger independent cohort is required.
Development and validation of PART (Pharmacotherapy Assessment in Renal Transplant Patients) criteria to assess drug‐related problems in an outpatient renal transplant population: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: El Raichani Layal , Du Qian , Mathieu Alexandre , Almassy Sabrina , Lalonde Lyne , Berbiche Djamal , Gélinas‐Lemay Elisabeth , Boudreau Nathalie , Cardinal Héloïse
Published: January 2019

Kidney transplant recipients are at risk of pharmacological interactions and adverse drug reactions. Community pharmacists are uniquely poised to detect and intervene in cases of drug‐related problems. The aims of this study were to develop and validate a list of explicit criteria to be used by community pharmacists to assess drug‐related problems in kidney transplant patients, and to assess their frequency and their determinants. First, we used a modified RAND method where a panel of experts established the PART (Pharmacotherapy Assessment in Renal Transplant Patient) criteria. Then, we performed a cross‐sectional study in which we applied the PART criteria to 97 prevalent kidney transplant recipients followed at a single university‐affiliated center. The final list of PART criteria included 70 drug‐related problems and was reliable (kappa: 0.88). An average of 1.2 drug‐related problems per patient was detected when the PART criteria were applied, with 68% of patients having at least 1 problem. This figure was 1.4 per patient using the expert judgment of renal transplant pharmacists who had no access to the PART list. The total number of medications taken was the only factor associated with the number of drug‐related problems (β: 0.27 for an increase of five medications, 95% CI 0.005, 0.547). The PART criteria provide a novel tool for community pharmacists to systematically detect drug‐related problems in kidney transplant recipients.
Impact of curcumin on energy metabolism in HIV infection: A case study
Authors: da Silva Tatiane Andreza Lima , Medeiros Radamés Maciel Vítor , de Medeiros Danielle Coutinho , Medeiros Rafaela Catherine S. C. , de Medeiros Jason Azevedo , de Medeiros Gidyenne Christine Bandeira Silva , de Andrade Ricardo Dias , Lais Lucia Leite , Silva Dantas Paulo Moreira
Published: January 2019

Prolonged use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with dyslipidemia and impaired energy substrate oxidation (SOxi). Curcumin is a natural bioactive compound, which interacts with molecular targets and holds important metabolic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on energetic metabolism of an adult female with HIV/AIDS and under ART. The intervention was performed with 500 mg/day of curcumin for 27 days. Glycemic and lipid profile and SOxi at rest were evaluated before and after intervention. After intervention, improvement of lipid profile and insulin sensibility was observed. Moreover, there was a positive modulation of SOxi at rest. Oral curcumin supplementation can positively modulate the energy metabolism of people living with HIV/AIDS using the ART. However, clinical studies are required in order to confirm our findings in a representative sample.
Share control of surgery robot master manipulator guiding tool along the standard path
Authors: Fracczak Lukasz , Szaniewski Mateusz , Podsedkowski Leszek
Published: January 2019

Recently, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) robotics enters the phase of autonomous operation. However, because of the high variability of the environment, conducting a fully autonomous surgery is still extremely difficult. This paper presents a share control system, the objective of which is to suggest the optimum path of tool guidance through the use of force on the master manipulator (hereinafter as master), meaning the surgeon's hand. Owing to this type of control, the surgeon has full control over the position of the tool the entire time and is supported by the system to better and faster guide the tool during surgery. The force should be felt by the surgeon but, simultaneously, must not hinder or impact the surgical process. Furthermore, the share control system presented in the paper can be turned on or off at any moment during surgery.
An optimal (ϵ,δ)‐randomized approximation scheme for the mean of random variables with bounded relative variance
Authors: Huber Mark
Published: January 2019

Randomized approximation algorithms for many #P‐complete problems (such as the partition function of a Gibbs distribution, the volume of a convex body, the permanent of a {0,1}‐matrix, and many others) reduce to creating random variables X1,X2,… with finite mean μ and standard deviation σ such that μ is the solution for the problem input, and the relative standard deviation |σ/μ| ≤ c for known c. Under these circumstances, it is known that the number of samples from the {Xi} needed to form an (ϵ,δ)‐approximation that satisfies is at least . We present here an easy to implement (ϵ,δ)‐approximation that uses samples. This achieves the same optimal running time as other estimators, but without the need for extra conditions such as bounds on third or fourth moments.
Yolk–Shell Fe/Fe4N@Pd/C Magnetic Nanocomposite as an Efficient Recyclable ORR Electrocatalyst and SERS Substrate
Authors: Jiao Wenling , Chen Chen , You Wenbin , Zhang Jie , Liu Jiwei , Che Renchao
Published: January 2019

A yolk–shell Fe/Fe4N@Pd/C (FFPC) nanocomposite is synthesized successfully by two facile steps: interfacial polymerization and annealing treatment. The concentration of Pd2+ is the key factor for the density of Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) embedded in the carbon shells, which plays a role in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties. The ORR and SERS performances of FFPC nanocomposites under different concentrations of PdCl2 are investigated. The optimal ORR performance exhibits that onset potential and tafel slope can reach 0.937 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) and 74 mV dec−1, respectively, which is attributed to the synergistic effects of good electrical conductivity, large electrochemically active areas, and strong interfacial charge polarization. Off‐axis electron holography reveals that interfacial charge polarization could facilitate the ORR of Pd NPs and defective carbon simultaneously and the shell with low density of Pd NPs is easier to form strong interfacial charge polarization. Moreover, FFPC‐3 with maximum EF of 2.3 × 105 results from more hot‐spots, local positive charge centers to attract rhodamine 6G molecules, and magnetic cores. This work not only offers a recyclable multifunctional nanocomposite with excellent performance, but also has instructional implications for interfacial engineering for electrocatalysts design.
Framing the Study
Authors: Paus-Hasebrink Ingrid , Kulterer Jasmin , Sinner Philip
Published: January 2019

The introductory chapter of this book is in two parts. Part one illustrates how our concept pursues both academic and social goals. We outline its foundation in the Longitudinal Study on the Role of Media within Socialisation of Socially Disadvantaged Adolescents in terms of “dedicated social research”. It deals with the situation of socially disadvantaged families and adolescents against the backdrop of widening of inequality within society and an increasing participation gap. As nearly all parts of our everyday lives are strongly connected with media, we discuss all the above developments in relation to the meta-process of mediatization. Part two gives an overview of the book, with short summaries of the following eight chapters on theory, methodology, and results, as well as a concluding discussion.
Open strings on the Rindler horizon
Authors: Witten Edward
Published: January 2019

Abstract

It has been proposed that a certain ℤ

N
orbifold, analytically continued in N, can be used to describe the thermodynamics of Rindler space in string theory. In this paper, we attempt to implement this idea for the open-string sector. The most interesting result is that, although the orbifold is tachyonic for positive integer N, the tachyon seems to disappear after analytic continuation to the region that is appropriate for computing Tr

$$ {\rho}^{\mathcal{N}} $$

ρ
N

, where ρ is the density matrix of Rindler space and Re

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

> 1. Analytic continuation of the full orbifold conformal field theory remains a challenge, but we find some evidence that if such analytic continuation is possible, the resulting theory is a logarithmic conformal field theory, necessarily nonunitary.
On the Dissolution Process of Manganese and Iron in Molten Aluminum
Authors: Razaz Ghadir , Carlberg Torbjörn
Published: January 2019

The dissolution of Mn and Fe in liquid Al presents a challenge due to their high melting points and low diffusivity. A literature review reveals that the existing knowledge of the processes involved in the dissolution of both Fe and Mn in liquid Al is rather ambiguous. Thus, this work aimed to obtain more detailed insights into the dissolution behavior of Mn and Fe in various Al melts. The results of the Mn dissolution tests showed that three intermediate phases were involved in the dissolution process, all of which exhibited a smooth interface between Mn and the liquid. These three phases were identified as the γ2, Al11Mn4, and µ phases which grow slowly, penetrating the Mn particles. The results of the Fe dissolution tests showed that in pure Al, the Al5Fe2 phase dominates the dissolution process and penetrates the Fe particles. The addition of Ti into the molten Al alters the intermetallic compound formation by replacing Al5Fe2 by Al2Fe. The addition of Si significantly inhibited the Fe dissolution kinetics. A theoretical approach based on Ficks’ law was used to explain the experimentally obtained Mn and Fe dissolution rates. It showed that the surface area and shape of the additives significantly affected the dissolution processes.
Pride as a state and as a trait: Polish adaptation of the authentic and hubristic pride scales
Authors: Ślaski Sławomir , Rogoza Radosław , Strus Włodzimierz
Published: January 2019

The main purpose of the study of the presented article is to prepare the Polish version of the Authentic and Hubristic Pride Scales and to verify its psychometric properties: reliability, and factorial and external validity. Within the study, 210 participants aged between 20 and 56 were administered the following tests: Authentic and Hubristic Pride Scales, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Moral Feelings Scale. The Polish adaptation of the Authentic and Hubristic Pride Scales was demonstrated to be reliable in its measurement of authentic and hubristic pride. Moreover, factor analyses carried out under different methodological approaches confirmed that the validity of the two-dimensional model of pride and correlations with other psychological variables further support this distinction. The results indicate the validity of the Authentic and Hubristic Pride Scales for studying the two dimensions of pride in the Polish population.
Understanding (non)leadership phenomena in collaborative interorganizational networks and advancing shared leadership theory: an interpretive grounded theory study
Authors: Endres Sigrid , Weibler Jürgen
Published: January 2019

Despite the increasing significance of collaborative interorganizational networks, understanding of leadership phenomena in these contexts is still scarce. How, and in what form will leadership emerge in such (a priori) non-hierarchical contexts with peerlike work settings, if at all? Through an interpretive grounded theory study conducted in collaborative interorganizational networks, we found that the networks either remained at the stage of leaderless cooperation (leadership void) or developed shared leadership. We then sought to understand the underlying mechanism of collaboration that might explain the different (non)leadership phenomena. Our study’s main result is the empirically grounded identification of two distinct forms of network participation with specific network identities as its core, which are related to the distinct leadership-related phenomena in our networks. (1)Task-based network identity, which includes an individualistic network identity, a single achievement motivation, and a largely instrumentalist orientation towards network participation, is related to aleadership void(non-leadership emergence, i.e. a form of leaderless cooperation). (2)Joint-motivational network identity, which includes a collectivistic network identity, joint network motivation, and a largely value-laden attitude towards network participation, is related toshared leadership. Our findings shed new light on collaboration and leadership phenomena in interorganizational networks, concurrently providing progress on conceptualizing shared leadership, in particular by introducing joint-motivational network identity as a new concept related to shared leadership development. We discuss implications for the management of collaborative interorganizational networks and advance theory on plural forms of leadership such as collective or shared leadership.
Convergence rates for estimators of geodesic distances and Frèchet expectations
Authors: Aaron Catherine , Bodart Olivier
Published: January 2019

Consider a sample 𝒳n={X1,…,Xn} of independent and identically distributed variables drawn with a probability distribution ℙX supported on a compact set M⊂ℝd. In this paper we mainly deal with the study of a natural estimator for the geodesic distance on M. Under rather general geometric assumptions on M, we prove a general convergence result. Assuming M to be a compact manifold of known dimension d′≤d, and under regularity assumptions on ℙX, we give an explicit convergence rate. In the case when M has no boundary, knowledge of the dimension d′ is not needed to obtain this convergence rate. The second part of the work consists in building an estimator for the Fréchet expectations on M, and proving its convergence under regularity conditions, applying the previous results.
Uniform decomposition of probability measures: quantization, clustering and rate of convergence
Authors: Chevallier Julien
Published: January 2019

The study of finite approximations of probability measures has a long history. In Xu and Berger (2017), the authors focused on constrained finite approximations and, in particular, uniform ones in dimensiond=1. In the present paper we give an elementary construction of a uniform decomposition of probability measures in dimensiond≥1. We then use this decomposition to obtain upper bounds on the rate of convergence of the optimal uniform approximation error. These bounds appear to be the generalization of the ones obtained by Xu and Berger (2017) and to be sharp for generic probability measures.
Partisan gerrymandering with geographically compact districts
Authors: Alexeev Boris , Mixon Dustin G.
Published: January 2019

Bizarrely shaped voting districts are frequently lambasted as likely instances of gerrymandering. In order to systematically identify such instances, researchers have devised several tests for so-called geographic compactness (i.e. shape niceness). We demonstrate that under certain conditions, a party can gerrymander a competitive state into geographically compact districts to win an average of over 70% of the districts. Our results suggest that geometric features alone may fail to adequately combat partisan gerrymandering.
The degree-wise effect of a second step for a random walk on a graph
Authors: Berenhaut Kenneth S. , Jiang Hongyi , McNab Katelyn M. , Krizay Elizabeth J.
Published: January 2019

In this paper we consider the degree-wise effect of a second step for a random walk on a graph. We prove that under the configuration model, for any fixed degree sequence the probability of exceeding a given degree threshold is smaller after two steps than after one. This builds on recent work of Krameret al.(2016) regarding the friendship paradox under random walks.
On optimal periodic dividend and capital injection strategies for spectrally negative Lévy models
Authors: Noba Kei , Pérez José-Luis , Yamazaki Kazutoshi , Yano Kouji
Published: January 2019

De Finetti’s optimal dividend problem has recently been extended to the case when dividend payments can be made only at Poisson arrival times. In this paper we consider the version with bail-outs where the surplus must be nonnegative uniformly in time. For a general spectrally negative Lévy model, we show the optimality of a Parisian-classical reflection strategy that pays the excess above a given barrier at each Poisson arrival time and also reflects from below at 0 in the classical sense.
Student activism in Niger: subverting the ‘limited pluralism’, 1960–83
Authors: Smirnova Tatiana
Published: January 2019

This article revisits the modern political history of Niger during the 1960s to the 1980s through an analysis of relations between student activists and government authorities. It explores how a student organization, the Union des Scolaires Nigériens (USN), managed to bypass multiple layers of political control to become a well-structured political movement, capable of seriously challenging the legitimacy of the authorities. Specifically, the article examines interactions between the USN and different bodies of political power, including the Diori and Kountché governments, in the larger context of regional solidarities and the Cold War. It analyses key moments of this struggle by showing how two generations of student leaders (those of the 1960s to early 1970s and the late 1970 to early 1980s) nourished the creation of specific windows of political action, which found various outlets for expression depending on the form of state power as well as the form and methods of activist work.