bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clase invertida como metodología para el fortalecimiento de la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe en la enseñanza virtual
Authors: Hernández Chacón Ledys , Samaniego Diego , Tulcanazo Mishell
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo responde a la problemática encontrada en las unidades interculturales bilingües del cantón Otavalo en cuanto a las metodologías de enseñanza de la lengua kichwa dentro de la modalidad virtual. La metodología utilizada fue la investigación – acción educativa, partiendo del análisis descriptivo de la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe en el cantón y las nuevas condiciones educativas provocadas por la pandemia del Covid – 19 en la emergencia de la virtualidad. Con el objetivo de analizar las posibilidades que ofrece la clase invertida para el aprendizaje del kichwa, se realizó un pilotaje con 15 docentes de lengua kichwa en la educación básica media, pertenecientes a las unidades educativas interculturales bilingües del cantón Otavalo, provincia de Imbabura, Ecuador. Bajo el marco metodológico planteado, se desarrollaron las cuatro fases que plantea este paradigma: diagnóstico, planificación, observación y reflexión. La muestra de estudio correspondió al criterio de selección de bilingüismo: docentes kichwa hablantes de enseñanza media. Con un enfoque cualitativo, esta investigación contribuye a la reflexión sobre las brechas y desigualdades que enfrenta la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe en torno al acceso en la educación en línea y las posibilidades que ofrece el modelo propuesto en el proceso de aprendizaje de la lengua kichwa. Los resultados exponen las ventajas y desventajas de la clase invertida encontradas en el estudio. En las conclusiones se proponen nuevos horizontes de investigación en esta área.
Hyponatremia in elderly patients with fractures around the hip; role of glutamate (CSF glutamate study)
Authors: MD Hassan Ibraheem Kotb, , MB BCh Alshymaa Hassan, , MD Ayat A Sayed, , MD Mohamed Ismail Seddik, , MD Hatem H Maghraby, , MD Emad Zarief Kamel,
Published: June 2022

Background & objective: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder and is a predictor of osteoporosis, inflammation and cognitive dysfunction leading to falls in the elderly patients. We compared glutamate levels in normonatremic elderly patients with those with hyponatremia, admitted with osteoarthritis, to find correlation between the cognitive status with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate as a biomarker for hyponatremia.

Methodology: In an observational prospective study; 70 patients, more than 70 y of age, admitted to trauma unit of Assiut University Hospital with fractures around the hip, were investigated for the frequency of on-admission hyponatremia. The CSF glutamate level was determined using radio-immune assay. We compared glutamate level in 18 hyponatremic patients with 10 normonatremic elderly patients admitted with osteoarthritis for elective joint replacement (control group) to find correlation between the cognitive status assessed by Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination and CSF glutamate as a biomarker for hyponatremia.

Results: Hyponatremia is highly prevalent in elderly with fractures around the hip; we recorded it in 41.4% of the study sample. Most patients were females (62.86%). CSF glutamate was significantly increased in hyponatremic patients than the controls (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Prevalence of hyponatremia is high in old aged patients probably due to due to prevalent hot weather in the south of Egypt. CSF glutamate level can be a marker for mild cognitive impairment caused by hyponatremia.

Abbreviations: 3MS: Modified Mini-Mental State examination; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; RPM: revolutions per minute; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; SD: standard deviation

Key words: Geriatric anesthesia; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders / blood; Cognition Disorders / etiology; Glutamic Acid / metabolism; Hyponatremia / blood; Hyponatremia / complications; Hyponatremia / psychology; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome / complications; 3MS

Citation:  Kotb HI, Hassan A, Sayed AA, Seddik MI, Maghraby HH, Kamel EZ. Hyponatremia in elderly patients with fractures around the hip; role of glutamate (CSF glutamate study). Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(3):332-337

DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i3.1900

Received: November 28, 2020; Reviewed: December 25, 2020; Accepted: April 25, 2022
Professor Rustam Ali Nabi - a pioneer in anesthesiology
Authors: Manzar Tahoor
Published: June 2022

‘Apicare Journal’ has started this very ambitious program to preserve the history of the eminent anesthetists of Pakistan, starting with the heroes who laid the foundations of this budding specialty in the early days after the independence, against all odds. Earlier, we published stories of Prof. S.U. Kaul, Prof. Mehdi Hasan Mumtaz and Maj Gen (Retd) Muhammad Anis ur Rehman Khan. This is the continuation of the project. Readers are requested to contribute to this project and join us in achieving our targets. (Editor-in-Chief)
GENETIC POLYMORHISM OF CASPASE 8 AND 9 IN IRAQ
Authors: Abdullah Duaa , Aloubaidy Reema M.
Published: June 2022

This study examined the potential association between polymorphisms of Caspase 9 −293del (rs4645982) and Caspase8−652 6N ins / del (rs3834129) and the danger of acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia in Iraqi population. This case-control study was conducted as 128 (62 acute, and 66 chronic) myeloid leukaemia patient and 65 healthy individuals not infected with cancer. A conventional PCR method was used for detection in this study. The results showed that the Caspase9 −293del (rs4645982) in homozygous and heterozygous deletion genotypes were associated significantly with CML risk (  p=  0.001  and   0.005 ,respectively ) and in homozygous insertion and deletion genotypes of Caspase 8 -652 6N were also associated significantly with CML risk (p= 0.004  and p= 0.00, respectively), while there were non significant association between Caspase9 −293del (rs4645982) and  Caspase8 −652 6N (rs3834129) with AML risk in all genotypes of them  p > 0.05. These findings suggest that polymorphisms in the Caspase-9 and Caspase-8 genes might be useful markers for determining genetic susceptibility to CML and AML. The results of this study suggest that Caspase9-293  is associated with increased risk of CML in case of  homozygous of deletion, and insertion  in case of AML, while in  Caspase8-652 6N insertion  polymorphism are associated with increased risk of  both CML and AML in a sample of Iraqi populations.
EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF ARABIC GUM FOR HEAVY METAL REMOVAL FROM POLLUTED WASTEWATER
Authors: Shalikh Halah M. , Majeed Majid R.
Published: June 2022

The" aim" of this study is to use the natural adsorbents which consist of gum arabic as absorbents for plant products to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater and standard aqueous solutions with a prepackaged bed column (PBC) technique based on a Box-Wilson design". The gum arabic was modified into carbonated gum by oven maville at 300°C. The influence of were studied: pH value, contact time, and removal efficiency estimation using a packed layer column which gives the best" heavy metal removal" performance."The study showed the removal efficiency tests of charred gum arabic absorbers that the best removal from industrial wastewater were: 80%, 68.75% and 90.7% for lead (Pb), cobalt (Co) and cadmium (Cd) respectively, at pH 5-6.5 and contact time. 0.25 - 4.30 hours. While from the standard aqueous solutions, they were: 82.5%, 71.4% and 91% for Pb, Co and Cd respectively, at pH 5 - 6.5 and contact time 0.25 - 4.30 hours. In addition, other pollutants of charred gum arabic such as total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (E.C) have been reduced in industrial wastewater. The carburizing degumming efficiency showed significant differences between removal of heavy metals at (p≤ 0.05).
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MEAT POULTRY BREEDING PROJECTS AND THEIR PROFIT EFFICIENCY IN IRAQ FOR THE YEAR 2020( WASIT AS A CASE STUDY)
Authors: Al-Hachami I.S.A , AL-Bahadely F. H. N. , Jbara Osamah K.
Published: June 2022

This research was aimed to study and analyze the costs, revenues, and profits of meat chicken breeding projects. The study also estimating the random frontier profit function, the profit inefficiency function and profit efficiency which based on cross-sectional data that included 59 projects for raising meat poultry in Waist governorate in 2020.The results of the analysis showed through the descriptive analysis of the cost structure that, the costs of chicks and fodder account for more than 70% of the costs, as well as achieving economic profits for projects. Through the random border profit function, the significance of both the total revenue and the costs of chicks, fodder, medicines, vaccines, and services (water, electricity and fuel) was shown. As for the inefficiency function parameters, they were significant for each proved the age of the breeder, his years of experience, the presence of the veterinarian and the agricultural engineer. As for the efficiency of profits, it was 76%. The researcher recommended the necessity of supporting breeding projects by providing incentives to feed factories and their processors or supporting feeds and private hatcheries to reduce costs and provide training for less experienced breeders and urge them to involve veterinarians and agricultural engineers in supervising broiler projects.
Evidencias de validez del Cuestionario de Emociones de Logro (CEL) con una muestra de estudiantes mexicanos de secundaria
Authors: Gómez Pérez Olimpia , Vélez Belmonte Julieta
Published: June 2022

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la pertinencia de utilizar la escala en inglés llamada Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ), que mide emociones de logro, con estudiantes mexicanos de secundaria, para evaluar las emociones que experimentan al realizar actividades de matemáticas. Como un primer paso, se ubicó una traducción al español de la escala. Posteriormente, se adaptó la traducción española al lenguaje de estudiantes mexicanos de secundaria y se aplicó a una muestra de 354 adolescentes con edades entre 13 y 16 años. Los reactivos del Cuestionario de Emociones de Logro (CEL-Méx) se agruparon en tres dimensiones: emoción negativa activadora, emoción negativa desactivadora y emoción positiva. La confiabilidad de la escala completa fue de .89, mientras que los índices alfa de Chronbach de las subescalas fueron de .88 y .80. Los índices de ajuste del Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (GFI, CFI y RMSEA) fueron adecuados. Los datos anteriores indican que el CEL-Méx puede ser utilizado con confianza para evaluar las emociones positivas y negativas de los estudiantes mexicanos de secundaria.
A STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS,CAPACITY AND CONSENT AMONG EMERGENCY HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN KOLKATA.
Authors: Arnab Gupta
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Most patients lack the medical competency to grasp the optimal course of treatment for their health, thus doctors and nurses must
constantly assess whether patients can consent to tests and treatments. Patients who refuse to go to the hospital or who do not comprehend what
medical activity is benecial to their health frequently require all health care personnel to make these kinds of decisions. Thus, every healthcare
provider must be aware of the risk that some of their choices may one day be criticised or reconsidered on the grounds that they neglected to offer
critical therapy to a person with limited capacity because they picked an unfavorable treatment route. Patients who have self-harmed refuse medical
treatment when it is detected, which is an increasingly concerning trend in today's culture. Consequently, it's vital that medical professionals in
tertiary care facilities across the country are well-versed in capacity and consent difculties such as the above metropolises like Kolkata, Mumbai,
Chennai. To conduct research into emergency healthcare providers' awareness of abi Aim: Materials And Methods: lity and consent. Peerless
Hospital researchers interviewed 84 members of the emergency medical services from July to October using a cross-sectional questionnaire (4
months). The B.K. Roy Research Center and Peerless Hospital are both located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. SPSS 24.0 and GraphPad Prism 5
were used to perform statistical analyses on the data imported into Microsoft Excel. Unpaired proportions were compared using Chi-square or
Fischer's exact tests, depending on whether statistical signicance was required. We found that association of Q1 vs. group was Results:
statistically signicant (p=0.0015). Association of Q2 vs. group was not statistically signicant (p=0.2002). Association of Q3 vs. group was
statistically signicant (p=0.0463). We came to the conclusion that the vas Conclusion: t majority of emergency medical technicians lacked
statistically meaningful information.
EFFECT OF DRY NEEDLING IN PATIENT WITH TIBIAL STRESS SYNDROME (SHIN PAIN) IN ATHLETES UNIVERSITY PLAYER
Authors: Jain Piyush , Misra Anand , Tiwari Priyanka , Pal Akshay
Published: June 2022

40 Patient With tibial stress syndrome (shin splints) in Athletes ages of 18-45 year with tibial stress syndrome (shin splints), were analysis using
subjective questioning based on a ten point Likert pain scale that was used to assess pain level. The Likert pain scale ranged start from none (1) to
Distressing (5) to Unbearable (10). The athletes were divided into 2 treatment groups: conventional Sports physiotherapy (N=20), Dry needling
(N=20). The treating practitioners were certied and patient is athletic trainee at DAVV University. The study took place over a 6 week period, with
each participant lling out an initial questionnaire (Intake) prior to the rst week of treatment and After 6 week treatment).Participants answered
questions concerning intensity and duration of pain during and between activities, in addition to dosages taken of anti-inammatory medications
(NSAID). All Subjects of groups taken a minimum of 2 treatments sessions per week. The 2 treatment groups compared to each other: conventional
Sports physiotherapy (A), Dry needling along with conventional sports physiotherapy (B). All athletes reported an increase in effectiveness of
treatment after 6 week. Regardless of the treatment group they were in. The perception of pain, pain relief, and effectiveness was signicantly
improved for athletes in the both Group. Athletes in the B Groups received the most pain relief, were least blocked by pain during sporting and nonsporting activities, and felt overall that the treatments were more effective than A Group.
A REVIEW OF ENDOTHELIAL BIOMARKERS IN CRITICALLY ILL COVID-19 PATIENTS AND ROLE OF DEXAMETHASONE IN AMELIORATING THEM.
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kamaljit , Banerjee Sagnik , Ghosh Soma
Published: June 2022

Coronavirus disease caused by the virus SARS-nCOV2 rst detected in 2019 in Wuhan, China and then spread throughout the world creating a
havoc and severe burden on the available health care resources worldwide. Multiple studies have been done to nd out the exact pathogenesis of
this disease. However, few studies have focussed on the aspect of endothelial injury as marker of pulmonary damage in covid 19 patients .This
study aims to review the already existing articles on the importance of endothelial biomarkers like VCAM, ICAM , P- selectin, Ang-2 and others as
hallmark of pulmonary endothelial injury in critically ill COVID-19patients and to draw a meaningful conclusion. Further, it also aims to nd the
role of Dexamethasone in reducing the inammation and endothelial injury in such patients.
INCIDENCE OF CANCELLATIONS OF ELECTIVE OPERATIONS ON THE INTENDED DAY OF SURGERY AT A SUPER SPECIALITY HOSPITAL AND THEIR REASONS: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Jamali Juvariah , Bansal Mamta , Narang Mandeep , Khan Mohammad Atif
Published: June 2022

Background: Any elective surgical case that is scheduled on the OT list on the day prior to surgery but not operated upon as scheduled can be
regarded as an elective surgical case cancellation. Case cancellation is considered a major cause of wastage of material and human resources in the
hospital and has a major impact of psychological setback to patients together with their families as well. Reasons for cancellations are quite
complex and vary from hospital to hospital because they are correlated to patients in that area, management of hospital, organizational issues, and
other hospital and OR staff.
Methods: Among 1600 participants, a retrospective hospital-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in a super speciality hospital. A selfadministered questionnaire with an observatory checklist was used for collecting and assorting data from the OR managers, case related
anaesthetists, nurses, and surgeons.
Results: In this study, 1600 patients were scheduled for elective surgical operations. Among those, nearly almost one-sixth 259 (16.19%) of the
operations were cancelled and 1341 (83.81%) patients were operated on their planned date. The reasons for cancellation were patient related
(65.3%), anaesthesia related (10%), management related (9.3%) and rest were surgeon related factors (1.2%). The cancellations happened mainly
due to improper scheduling (14.3%) which were rescheduled at some other time, unavailability of surgeons (1.1%), unavailability of oxygen and
blood (1.1%) and equipment (0.7%). Department wise if the study was viewed at, General surgery (27%) urology (20.8%) and orthopaedics
(15.1%) were the commonest cancelled cases.
Conclusion: The cancellation rate at our medical centre remains relatively low. Patient related causes, medical illness, and management related
causes were the commonest reason for the cancellation of elective operations.
EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE ANTITUMOROGENIC DOSE OF ETHANOLIC LEAVES EXTRACT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. IN EHRLICH ASCITES CARCINOMA BEARING MICE
Authors: B Ramanath. , John Abhay
Published: June 2022

Objective: To evaluate the optimum protective and curative antitumarogenic dose of the ethanolic leaves extract of Moringa oleifera Lam
(ELMO). variety against Ehrlich Ascetic Carcinoma cells. Material and Methods: The protective and curative antitumor activity of ELMO was
evaluated against the Ehrlich Ascetic Carcinoma (EAC) tumor model. The activity was assessed using survival time and increase in life span.
Results: Oral administration of all the doses of treated ELMO shown signicantly increased in mean survival time and % of life span, in that
500mg/kg body wt. shown highest signicance. Conclusion:ELMO treated 500mg /kg body wt. possesses showed antitumor activity
MANDIBULAR 2ND PREMOLAR WITH TWO ROOTS AND THREE CANALS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Vadera Vivek , Kapoor Punia Sandhya , Bhargava Rahul
Published: June 2022

Mandibular premolars have earned the reputation for having an aberrant anatomy. Literature is replete with reports of extra canals in mandibular
second premolars, but reports about the incidence of extra roots in these teeth are quite rare. Before initiating any endodontic therapy, probability of
extra canals should be considered. The Incidence of three canals in mandibular second premolar has been reported to be 0.46-0.5%. The present
report describes nonsurgical endodontic treatment of mandibular second premolars with three canals. This case report explains non-surgical
endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with two separate roots and two separate buccal, and lingual canal orices and three canals
namely Mesio-buccal, Disto-buccal and Lingual. Close attention to anatomic variations, thorough advance radiographic method like CBCT,
thorough evaluation of the pulp chamber oor, and use of magnifying and optical devices have been recommended for the success of endodontic
treatment of mandibular second premolars with complicated root canal system anatomy.
GUT MESENCHYMAL TUMORS: AN INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ravi Ganji , khajjayam Radhakrishna , Hadi Mohd Abdul , Mohammed Muna , Bee Amina , Khanam Asfiya
Published: June 2022

IntroductionTumors arising from the mesenchymal layer of the gastrointestinal tract are classied as gastrointestinal stromal tumors or
neuroendocrine tumors based on the immunohistochemical markers they express and the hormones they produce. They are often diagnosed
postoperatively on histopathology. This study aimed to examine the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of mesenchymal gut tumors
in a tertiary care center in a low-income country. We conducted a retrospective study of histopathol Patients and methods ogical reports of gut
resection specimens (excluding nonspecic appendicitis) collected from patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumors and
neuroendocrine tumors treated at our facility from 2017 to 2021. We evaluated clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. Of 38 Results
gastrointestinal resection specimens, we found seven patients with gut mesenchymal tumors (two in the foregut, ve in the midgut). There were no
hindgut mesenchymal tumors. Five were gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and two were neuroendocrine tumors (one in the foregut and one in the
midgut). All tumors were resected entirely. Two patients underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. All patients were disease-free at
follow-up (range, eight months to four years). Gut mesenchymal tumors clinically prese Conclusion nted with nearly the same features as those of
more common pathologies like intestinal tuberculosis. The gut mesenchymal tumors had good prognosis after adequate surgical resection
irrespective of histological type and grade of the tumor. Adjuvant chemotherapy seemed to provide no additional benet, and in primary
completely resectable tumors, it is probably redundant and not economically viable.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY VERSUS DIGITAL SUBTRACTION ANGIOGRAPHY FOR INTRACRANIAL VASCULAR PATHOLOGY
Authors: Disawal Amit , Deshmukh Anant , Chaudhari Rasika
Published: June 2022

Computed tomography angiography is non-invasive and readily available technique for assessment of intracranial vascular lesions. It has broad
acceptance by patients and is relatively inexpensive. However, there are some shortcomings with this modality, such as the decreased accuracy in
small pathologies or calcied vessels and inability to assess dynamic cine view. DSA, on the other hand, provide excellent characterization and
excellent anatomic delineation of small and large vascular pathologies. There is a signicant difference, in the inherent costs of DSA and CTA. In
this article We have studied various intra cranial vascular pathologies on both CTA and DSA and compared their sensitivity and specicity for
diagnosis. The comparative study was carried out with 80 patients. According to this study, computed tomography angiography remains the rst
line of imaging for the intracranial pathology with high diagnostic accuracy rates with 92.4% sensitivity and 92.5% accuracy. In 5 patients where
CTA were inconclusive, DSA was diagnostic investigation.
A STUDY ON CORRELATION OF ACIDEMIA WITH PATIENTS 30 DAYS MORTALITY THOSE PRESENTING TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY HOSPITAL
Authors: Kamal lavanya , Dasgupta Indraneel , Das (mem- Gwu) Subhendu
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Acidosis is a process causing increased acidity in the blood and other body tissues (i.e., an increase in hydrogen ion concentration).
If not further qualied, it usually refers to acidity of the blood plasma Acidemia is said to occur when arterial pH falls below 7.35 , while its
counterpart (alkalemia) occurs at a pH over 7.45. Arterial blood gas analysis and other tests are required to separate the main causes.Aims: To nd
out correlation between different grades of Acidemia with 30 day mortality of patient diagnosed as academic in emergency department Materials
and method: This was a single center observational, retrospective cohort study from tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India from January 2021 –
January – 2022. All Patients were presenting with signs of Acidemia in Emergency Department. Age >18 years, Blood gas analysis, Done in ED and
pH ≤ 7.34 were included in this study. Result: In mortality, 33(32.4%) patients were in <7.0 PH group, 31(30.4%) patients were in 7.0-7.10 PH
group, 23 (22.5%) patients were in 7.11-7.20 PH group and 15 (14.7%) patients were in 7.21-7.34 PH group. Association of PH group with
Mortality was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). In without Mortality, the mean Age (mean± s.d.) of patients was 57.0268 ±9.2811. In with
Mortality, the mean Age (mean± s.d.) of patients was 56.2549±9.0758. Distribution of mean Age with Mortality was not statistically signicant
(p=0.4506). In without Mortality, the mean PH (mean± s.d.) of patients was 7.1898 ±.1189. In with Mortality, the mean PH (mean± s.d.) of patients
was 6.9708 ±.2907. Distribution of mean PH with Mortality was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). In without Mortality, the mean Hospital Stay
(mean± s.d.) of patients was 14.1512 ±5.5302. In with Mortality, the mean Hospital Stay (mean± s.d.) of patients was 7.4804 ±6.1010. Distribution
of mean Hospital Stay with Mortality was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Patients presenting in emergency with low PH
(acidemia) require immediate management and hospitalization for better outcome.
DESTINATION THERAPY WITH DRIVE LESS TOTALARTIFICIAL HEARTS
Authors: Radhakrishnan Pradeep Kumar , A Himabindu , Ambat Gayathri Ananyajyothi , Reddy Sachin , Mohanty Sujatha , Nageshwar Rao Pulivarthi , Rao G V Sivakrishna , Kumar Nagesh , A K Bisoi , Prasad Siva , Murthy Satyanarayana , M R S Satyanarayana , Ravishankar Ravishankar , Srinivas Srinivas , Jeevanandam Valluvan , P Venugopal
Published: June 2022

Around 70% of mechanical circulatory devices nd application as bridge to transplantation and 30% as destination devices, but shortage of donor
organs forces up to 85% of these to enter the zone of destination devices. There is an urgent need to do away with drive lines as they contribute
signicantly to morbidity and mortality with device implantation. Hybrid coupled energy transfer system offer advantages of prolonged support
and the redundancy of back up emergency support with retro auricular direct back up which is very essential when considering these devices on
their role as destination therapy devices. Initial use has given promising results and devices that are emerging in the horizon like Saispandan would
pave way for major technological advances in this eld. The power of prescribing a total articial heart as destination therapy would soon be a
reality due to explosion of technology in multiple integrated disciplines.
PRE-OPERATIVE HEART RATE MONITORING AS A PREDICTOR OF POST SPINAL HYPOTENSION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LOWER SEGMENT CAESAREAN SECTION: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Verma Devendra , Choudhary Manoj , Kumar Dindor Basant , Tungria Hemraj
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims: Subarachnoid block (SAB) is widely used regional anaesthesia technique for the patients undergoing lower segment
caesarean section (LSCS). It is associated with sympathetic autonomic nervous system blockade, as it blocks lumbosacral segment of the spinal
cord. Haemodynamics is mainly controlled by autonomic nervous system, so this study was conducted to assess correlation between baseline heart
rate and incidence of hypotension following subarachnoid block in parturients. Materials and Methods: After obtaining written and informed
consent, 150 parturients aged >18 years, with gestational age >32 weeks were included in this prospective observational study. Parturients were
randomly divided in two groups according to their baseline heart rate. Group I (n=75): parturients with HR ≥ 91 bpm and Group II (n=75):
parturients with HR ≤ 90 bpm. All parturients were given inj. bupivacaine 0.5% Heavy 2 ml (10 mg) in SAB. Incidence of hypotension and other
parameters, requirement of rescue drug were recorded. Results : In Group I (HR ≥ 91 bpm) incidence of hypotension (34 vs 21, P=0.0279),
duration of hypotensive episode per parturient (2.15± 3.16 vs 1.02 ± 2.01, P=0.009) and requirement of rescue drug (mephentermine) per parturient
(4.24±5.47 mg vs 2.56±4.54 mg, p=0.042) were signicantly higher as compared to Group II (HR ≤ 90 bpm). (p<0.05) Conclusion: Parturients
with HR ≥91 are at higher risk of developing hypotension after subarachnoid block and requirement of vasopressors is more as compared to those
parturients with HR ≤90.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND REPORTED PRACTICE REGARDING DONNING AND DOFFING OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AMONG THE DOCTOR AND NURSE AGAINST COVID-19 IN OUR HOSPITAL
Authors: Jamil Shayan , Dasgupta Indraneel , Das Subhendu
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a protective gear designed to safeguard the health of workers by minimizing the exposure to
a biological agent. PPE usage is a primary strategy to prevent disease transmission in health-care settings where health-care professionals directly
come in contact with infected patients. Kang et al. discovered that health-care personnel contaminated themselves in almost 80% of the PPE
simulations.Aims: This study was done aiming to assess the knowledge, attitude, and reported practice, and identify the associated factors
regarding donning and dofng of PPE among frontline healthcare workers in our institution. Materials and method: This was a single center
observational, Cross sectional study from tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India from duration of study: May 2021 – January – 2022. Personal
protective equipment was used among the doctor and nurse against covid-19 in our hospital. Doctor and Nurse and Personal protective equipment
among the doctor and nurse against covid-19 in our hospital. Result: 47(94.0%) doctors had corrected response and 3(6.0%) doctors had
incorrected response about donning and dofng of PPE for frontline healthcare workers. 47(94.0%) nurses had corrected response and 3(6.0%)
nurse had incorrected response about donning and dofng of PPE for frontline healthcare workers. This association was not statistically signicant
(P=1.0000). 33(66.0%) doctors had corrected response and 17(34.0%) doctors had incorrected response to the following components based on
their sequence of appearance during donning of PPE. 12(24.0%)nurse had corrected response and 38(76.0%) nurses had incorrected response to
the following components based on their sequence of appearance during donning of PPE. This association was statistically signicant (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated an overall good knowledge, attitude, and reported practice regarding donning and dofng of PPE among
frontline doctors and nurse However, the reported shortcomings like poor knowledge regarding the sequence of donning and dofng.
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF CORRELATION OF PRIMARY TUMOR FDG UPTAKE WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGIC PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA OF BREAST
Authors: Lokanandi Peethamber , Sudanagunta Esparanto , Poorna Sasank Karanam , Rakesh Chowdary Chandra , Rawoof Mohd Abdul
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a broad range of therapeutic responses, recurrence risk, and overall prognosis [1]. The
management and prognosis of breast cancer depend on the size, histologic grade, hormonal receptor status and status of HER2. 18F-FDG PET/CT
has been widely used in breast cancer patients [9]. Integrated PET/CT, which combines anatomic and metabolic imaging information, has shown to
further improve diagnostic accuracy through accurate localization of functional data on CT images. Combined with DCECT it can be used to
evaluate tumor aggressiveness, therapeutic response and radiotherapy planning [6].
Aim: Purpose of this study is to correlate the primary tumor FDG uptake with clinicopathologic prognostic factors in invasive ductal carcinoma of
the breast.
Material And Methods: This was a prospective Cross-sectional study study conducted at Apollo hospital, Jubilee hills, Hyderabad. A total of 55
patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were included in the study. FDG PET/CT was performed on Siemens Biograph 16
slice PET CT machine and the data was reconstructed by iterative methods. Data was expressed as mean ± SDs and relationship between
pSUVmax, clinicopathological parameters were evaluated using the student's t-test. It was regarded as statistically signicant when p-values are
less than 0.05 with a condence interval of 95%.
Results: A total of 55 patients were included (Mean age: 48.4 ± 8.5 yrs; Menopause:52.7%; Child birth:70.9%; Family history: 60%).Majority
belonged to histological grade grade 3 (36.3%) , axillary lymph nodal positive patients belonged to TNM stage II. SUVmax was higher in ER, PR
negatives (13.2 ± 3.0; 13.8 ± 5.4), axillary lymph node positives (10.1 ± 5.2), higher tumor stage and higher tumor grade. lower in patients with ER,
PR positives (4.9 ± 2.4; 5.1 ± 2.3), axillary lymph node negatives (3.0 ± 1.5). The SUVmax values for T4 stage, p TNM stage IV and Grade3 tumors
were 20.4 ± 2.0; 17.1 ± 3.5; and 13.2 ± 3.2 respectively.
Conclusion: In the study, signicant correlation was found between 18F-FDG uptake and clinicopathologic variables. SUVmax was signicantly
higher in patients who were premenopausal women, higher tumor stage, higher histological grade, ER, PR negatives and positive axillary lymph
node status. These ndings were akin to most of the studies done using identical parameters and variables.
EFFECT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON OPHTHALMOLOGY RESIDENTS IN NORTH INDIA
Authors: Chopra Riya , Sehgal Gaurang , Diksha Diksha , Kaur Prempal
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has globally affected training, skills and mental health of ophthalmology residents. This prospective,
population based observational study was done to study the effect of COVID-19 on ophthalmology resident's education and mental health.
Methods and Materials: 37-questions web-based survey was circulated amongst ophthalmology residents studying in North India between 1st to
30th April 2021. Questions comprised of their demographic prole, concerns regarding their training and skills and effect of COVID -19 on their
mental health. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 for MAC (SPSS Inc.) Chi-square test was used to determine the level of
signicance. Ap value of < 0.05 was considered statistically signicant. Results: 52.1% of residents believed that COVID-19 had a severe impact
on Post Graduate teaching program. 77.3% believed that appropriate measures were not taken to preserve effectiveness of their training. 94.7% of
the residents opined that there was decrease in surgical exposure. 86.08% of residents thought there would be a dip in opportunities for international
fellowships after nishing their course. 67.6% residents reported their deployment in COVID care wards out of which 73.9% residents had fear of
getting infected with COVID-19. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has signicantly affected the personal and professional life of the
ophthalmology residents. Their mental stress on variable issues needs to be addressed and solved on priority basis so that a healthier workforce is
formed to ght against a pandemic like situation in future.
ROLE OF PLUSE OXOMETRY AS SCREENING TOOL IN DIAGNOSIS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN NEWBORN
Authors: Veeresh Veeresh , Roy Atanu , Patel Gaurav Bhai , Mukherjee Trishita
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Timely diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) is challenging but critical. Children with such life-threatening defects may not
initially have symptoms or the symptoms may be vague, and the condition is not detected on routine clinical examination in the majority of cases. In
the UK alone, up to 100 otherwise healthy infants may be dying every year from undiagnosed CHD. Pulse oximetry is the rst, appropriately simple
method to have been used for universal screening of CHD, and the earliest reports (abstracts) on pulse oximetry screening were published in 1995.
Aims: To assess the importance of pluse oximetry as a screening tool in diagnosis of congenital heart disease in newborn.
Materials And Methods:The study was conducted in postnatal ward of BMCH from Preparatory phase-1st september2018 to 15th October 2018,
Data collection-1st January 2019 to 31th December 2019 and Data analysis phase- 1st January 2020 to 30th April 2020. 500 babies who are
randomly selected from total study material.
Result: Our study showed that 6(1.2%) patients were Abnormal, 475(95.0%) patients had ND and 19(3.8%) patient were Normal. 6(1.2%) patients
were Abnormal, 475(95.0%) patients had ND and 19(3.8%) patient were Normal. 20(4.0%) patients were Abnormal and 480(96.0%) patient were
Normal. 20(4.0%) patients were Abnormal and 4(0.8%) patients were Normal. 6(1.2%) patients had only pphn and 2(0.4%) patients had pphn.
2(0.4%) patients were Abnormal. 495(99.0%) patients had Acyanotic heart disease and 5(1.0%) patients had Cyanotic heart disease.
Conclusion: We found that 2(0.4%) patients were Abnormal ANC, 4(0.8%) patients were RR Abnormal and 5(1.0%) patients had cyanosis, it was
found that 16(3.2%) patients had Murmur and 6(1.2%) patients were abnormal chest X-Ray and we found that 6(1.2%) patients were Abnormal
ECG and 20(4.0%) patients were Abnormal ECHO.
EFFICACY OF REMDESIVIR VERSUS REMDESIVIR PLUS TOCILIZUMAB IN MODERATE TO SEVERE COVID-19 PATIENTS ADMITTED IN THE CRITICAL CARE UNIT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN WEST BENGAL, INDIA
Authors: Ray Manjushree , Kumar Kundu Asim , Lahiri Gautam , Lahiri Swati
Published: June 2022

Background And Aims: Severe corona virus infection is often associated with hyper immune response and liberation of inammatory cytokines.
Anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody like tocilizumab might be effective in corona virus infection. Present study was designed to
assess the effect of adding tocilizumab to remdesivir and other supportive therapy in management of critically ill covid-19 patients.
Methods: This Randomized open-level clinical trial was done in 50 critically ill Covid-19 patients (from December 2020 to February 2021). They
were randomly allocated in two group; to receive either injection remdesivir (Group R) or injection remdesivir plus tocilizumab (Group RT)
intravenously. Patients were assessed using daily record sheets capturing data on the six-category ordinal scale and safety prole from day-1 to day28 or discharge or death. Other clinical data were recorded using the WHO International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection
Consortium (ISARIC) case record form.
Primary endpoint with respect to the efcacy of the drugs was based on proportion of patients achieving clinical improvement dened as a two
point reduction in six point ordinal scale from patients admission status or live discharge from the hospital, which ever came rst.
Results: Baseline characteristics were identical in both R and RT group. Biomarkers, C reactive protein, IL-6 and serum ferritin levels were
signicantly more in RT group as compared to R group on day 1,3 and 7. But C reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin and IL-6 levels from day 1 to
day 7 gradually decreased in RT group and increased in R group.
Conclusion: In spite of higher levels of biomarkers morbidity and mortality of patients did not increase in RT group; use of tocilizumab might be
responsible for the gradual reduction in the level of biomarkers in this group.
ASSOCIATED VASCULAR ANOMALIES IN TETRALOGY OF FALLOT: A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE USING CARDIAC CT
Authors: Bhumika Bhumika , Nath Tiwari Tapendra , Thakkar Hemangini , Sharma Rajaram
Published: June 2022

The advancements in surgical and medical management has helped increase the number of adults with corrected tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and is
still growing. Initial management of TOF patients is done in early infancy by repairing the ventricular septal defect (VSD) and the relief of
obstruction of right ventricular outow tract (RVOT). Cardiac computerized tomography (CT) is the widely available and the preferred modality
for diagnosing TOF patients as it is also useful when the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is contraindicated like in patients with cardiac
implants. CT nicely depicts the cardiac anatomy and any associations or anatomical variations. The amount of information provided by
multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT), helps the surgeons plan an intervention required for the management of TOF patients.
An Inverse Equivalent Surface Current Solver with Zero-Field Enforcement by Left-Hand Side Calderón Projection
Authors: Kornprobst Jonas , Mauermayer Raimund A. M. , Kılıç Emre , Eibert Thomas F.
Published: June 2022

 

The inverse source problem of near-field antenna measurements is often formulated in terms of unknown equivalent electric and magnetic surface current densities. Exploiting just the constraints for the radiated field exterior to a closed Huygens surface results in ambiguous equivalent sources due to the excitation of non-radiating currents during the solution process. Therefore, enforcing the zero-field or Love side condition for the suppression of non-radiating currents based on a left-hand side preconditioner in the form of a Calderón projector is proposed. Transformation results based on realistic measurements demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Cu/W Electrode Ablation and its Influence on Free-Burning Arcs in SF6 Alternatives
Authors: Engelbrecht Joseph , Pietrzak Pawel , Franck Christian
Published: June 2022

A free-burning arc experiment was performed in a gas mixture composed of CO2 /O2 /C5F10O (85% / 10% / 5%). An optical emission spectroscopy diagnostic was developed to obtain spatially resolved arc spectra at a high frame-rate. Spectral measurements are compared with simulated spectra to estimate arc parameters including temperature and composition. These techniques are used to characterize the arc and its associated electrode jets over a range of conditions, in order to study the influence of ablated Cu/W on arc characteristics. The observed spectra indicate that the ablation of the contact tip primarily occurs through vaporization rather than the expulsion of droplets. The metal vapor content of the arc is investigated as the arc driving current is varied, and a transition threshold for increased ablation at electrode current densities above 50A/mm2 is determined. The expansion angle of the electrode jet is estimated from the concentration of metal vapor in the arcing region at different axial positions, using a basic conical expansion model. The dependence of the measured voltage on the arc composition is examined, and a positive correlation between Cu content and arc voltage is identified. This trend is attributed to the higher emissivity of the metal vapor, which suppresses the central arc temperature and increases its resistivity.
Audiovisual media in political activity
Authors: Romaniuk Oleksandr , Kovalenko Iryna
Published: June 2022

In this paper a problem of using audiovisual mass media in political activity is investigated. The authors focus on the advantages of audiovisual media over print one: easier accessibility for consumers, a impact on their subconscious, much faster delivery of information messages to the public. These features of audiovisual media have led to their widespread use in politics, which has made political activity more effective.

The main conclusions of this paper are that audiovisual media began to be used in politics shortly after their emergence. In accordance with the main stages of development of audiovisual media: cinema, television, the Internet — there was an improvement in technology for their use in politics. At the stage of cinema, anti-democratic (totalitarian) forces acquired a leading role in the use of audiovisual media, which began to use them as an effective means of political propaganda. At the stage of television, the primacy shifts to democracy, which was due to the pluralistic nature of democratic systems, in which the acquisition of power is due to free and competitive elections. At the stage of the Internet, when a large mass of ordinary citizens have the opportunity to publish their political views, opinions, projects in the electronic network, there are two mutually exclusive trends: autocratic regimes limit their citizens' access to the world information space, but at the same time try to destructive influence on the democratic world.

The authors emphasize that this article is only their first attempt to outline the main directions of research on the impact of audiovisual media on the development of political activity. Due to the limited volume of this publication, some aspects of the problem were not reflected, which are planned to be covered in future publications.
Lee Kuan Yew. Father of Singapore's "economic miracle"
Authors: Dergachev Vladimir
Published: June 2022

Statesman Lee Kuan Yew (1923-2015) went down in history as the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore and one of the creators of Singapore's "economic miracle"
French book industry
Authors: Senchenko Mykola
Published: June 2022

In the last issue of the Bulletin of the Book Chamber, the specifics of the development of publishing in Germany, where fixed prices for books have been used for a long time, were considered.

The proposed article examines the book industry in France, where the price of books is also determined by publishers, and therefore there is a system of fixed prices.

Analysis of the pricing situation in Ukraine shows that only the transition to a fixed price system will increase the demand for books and increase the number of buyers and readers of paper and electronic publications.
The Russian influence through mass media as a significant factor of hybrid war against Ukraine
Authors: Mylchenko Larуsa
Published: June 2022

The article provides an analytical review of domestic and foreign media, considers their impact on various target audiences in the context of a hybrid war against Ukraine. The activity of Russia in the implementation of destructive strategic communications and disorienting influence on the Ukrainian and international community is analysed on the examples of specific narratives.

The use of a systematic and comprehensive approach by the Russian Federation to the information presentation in the information environment remains an effective mean of conducting a hybrid aggression both against Ukraine and against other states, which this country considers as a threat to itself. One of the main components of the target audience for such resources is, first of all, the Russian society, and Moscow's main task is to legitimize Russia's foreign policy and enlist the support of the government's actions among its own citizens. To do this, Russian propaganda uses narratives depicting Ukraine and other countries in a distorted light.

Russia's hybrid war against Ukraine consists of two aspects: kinetic (direct physical actions, such as warfare in the form of shelling, provocative actions with weapons and direct hostilities) and non-kinetic, which includes information warfare in the form of propaganda through the media.

In the case of strengthening the kinetic aspect, non-kinetic methods and measures are intensified, namely the information war, which consists of the spread of fakes, manipulative narratives and propaganda discourses.

The main reason is an intent of the Russian Federation to influence on the target audience in order to prepare the target audience emotionally for the change of its own model of societal behaviour.

The article deals with the analysis of one aspect of the non-kinetic method of warfare — dissemination of media propaganda narratives by the aggressor country, the Russian Federation. Currently, actions of the Russian Federation concerning escalation of the conflict in eastern Ukraine in military terms are directly connected to efforts of the Russian Federation in media.

The analysis of Russian mass media shows, that narratives haven't change its meaning. Moreover, the narratives are supplemented by new messages, which strengthen them and also change their priority. In particular, it happens when newsworthy events within our country allow propagandists to provide information that will strengthen one or another Kremlin narrative. When such newsworthy events do not exist, they will be are created by spreading false information (fakes).