bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phospholipid Nanoparticles: A Novel Colloid for Blood Volume Replacement, Reanimation, and Organ Protection in Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Shallie Philemon , Carpenter Nathan , Anamthathmakula Prashanth , Kinsey Danielle , Moncure Michael , Honaryar Houman , Ghazali Hanieh Sadat , Niroobakhsh Zahra , Rodriguez Juan , Simpkins Cuthbert O.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Exsanguination is a leading cause of preventable death in military and civilian settings due to extensive blood loss and hemorrhagic shock, which trigger systemic effects such as impaired tissue perfusion, hypoxia, inflammation, and multi-organ dysfunction. Standard resuscitation restores blood volume but fails to address critical aspects of hemorrhagic shock, including inflammation, coagulopathy, and reperfusion injury. To address these limitations, novel phospholipid nanoparticle (PNP)-based resuscitative fluids, VBI-S and VBI-1, were developed to modulate nitric oxide (NO) levels, improving hemodynamic stability, tissue oxygenation, and reducing inflammatory injury. This study assessed the potential of novel phospholipid nanoparticle fluids, VBI-S and VBI-1, as resuscitative agents for severe hemorrhagic shock by evaluating their ability to regulate nitric oxide, restore blood pressure, and mitigate ischemia–reperfusion injury. Methods: This study involved two phases with Sprague Dawley rats (n = 6 per group). Phase one, lasting 4 h, included four groups: blood, Ringer’s lactate, VBI-S, and VBI-1. Phase two, lasting 12 h, comprised sham, blood, and VBI-1 groups. Under anesthesia, one femoral artery was catheterized for blood pressure monitoring, and blood withdrawal from the other induced apnea. Reanimation was performed using an intra-arterial infusion of shed blood, Ringer’s lactate, VBI-S, or VBI-1. Tissue samples were analyzed histologically and for oxidative DNA damage via immunofluorescence. Chemiluminescence and rheology assessed nitric oxide interactions and viscosity. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: VBI-1 and shed blood increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) from <10 mmHg to survivable levels sustained for 12 h, with VBI-1 showing significantly higher MAP at 3–4 h. Rats treated with Ringer’s lactate died within 30 min. Histology revealed reduced organ damage in VBI-1-treated rats compared to shed blood. Immunohistochemistry indicated significantly less oxidative DNA damage (p < 0.001) in VBI-1-treated rats. VBI-1 exhibited superior viscosity and nitric oxide binding. Conclusions: VBI-1 demonstrates strong potential as a resuscitative fluid, offering blood pressure restoration, reduced oxidative damage, and enhanced tissue perfusion, with significant implications for use in resource-limited and pre-hospital settings.
Enhanced Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm with Hyperbolic Sine–Cosine Improvement for UAV Path Planning
Authors: Jiang Shuhao , Cui Shengliang , Song Haoran , Lu Yizi , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) path planning is a crucial technology for ensuring the efficient and safe flight of UAVs in complex environments. Traditional path planning algorithms often find it challenging to navigate complex obstacle environments, making it challenging to quickly identify the optimal path. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a Nutcracker Optimizer integrated with Hyperbolic Sine–Cosine (ISCHNOA). First, the exploitation process of the sinh cosh optimizer is incorporated into the foraging strategy to enhance the efficiency of nutcracker in locating high-quality food sources within the search area. Secondly, a nonlinear function is designed to improve the algorithm’s convergence speed. Finally, a sinh cosh optimizer that incorporates historical positions and dynamic factors is introduced to enhance the influence of the optimal position on the search process, thereby improving the accuracy of the nutcracker in retrieving stored food. In this paper, the performance of the ISCHNOA algorithm is tested using 14 classical benchmark test functions as well as the CEC2014 and CEC2020 suites and applied to UAV path planning models. The experimental results demonstrate that the ISCHNOA algorithm outperforms the other algorithms across the three test suites, with the total cost of the planned UAV paths being lower.
Enhanced Analytical Performance in CYFRA 21-1 Detection Using Lateral Flow Assay with Magnetic Bioconjugates: Integration and Comparison of Magnetic and Optical Registration
Authors: Skirda Artemiy M. , Orlov Alexey V. , Malkerov Juri A. , Znoyko Sergey L. , Rakitina Alexandra S. , Nikitin Petr I.
Published: December 2024

A novel approach to developing lateral flow assays (LFAs) for the detection of CYFRA 21-1 (cytokeratin 19 fragment, a molecular biomarker for epithelial-origin cancers) is proposed. Magnetic bioconjugates (MBCs) were employed in combination with advanced optical and magnetic tools to optimize assay conditions. The approach integrates such techniques as label-free spectral-phase interferometry, colorimetric detection, and ultrasensitive magnetometry using the magnetic particle quantification (MPQ) technique. For the first time in LFA applications, the MPQ-based and colorimetry-based detection methods were compared side by side, and superior analytical performance was demonstrated. The limit of detection (LOD) of 0.9 pg/mL was achieved using MPQ, and 2.9 pg/mL with optical detection. This study has demonstrated that MPQ provides elimination of signal saturation, higher sensitivity (slope of the calibration curve), and a 19-fold wider dynamic range of detected signals. Both optical and magnetic detection results are comparable to the best laboratory-based tests with the added benefits of a 20-min assay duration and the LFA format convenience. The assay effectiveness was validated in human serum and artificial saliva, and high recovery rates were observed. The proposed approach offers rapid and reliable detection of molecular biomarkers and holds significant potential for point-of-care diagnostics, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Optimizing Outdoor Micro-Space Design for Prolonged Activity Duration: A Study Integrating Rough Set Theory and the PSO-SVR Algorithm
Authors: Tian Jingwen , Chen Zimo , Yuan Lingling , Zhou Hongtao
Published: December 2024

This study proposes an optimization method based on Rough Set Theory (RST) and Particle Swarm Optimization–Support Vector Regression (PSO-SVR), aimed at enhancing the emotional dimension of outdoor micro-space (OMS) design, thereby improving users’ outdoor activity duration preferences and emotional experiences. OMS, as a key element in modern urban design, significantly enhances residents’ quality of life and promotes public health. Accurately understanding and predicting users’ emotional needs is the core challenge in optimizing OMS. In this study, the Kansei Engineering (KE) framework is applied, using fuzzy clustering to reduce the dimensionality of emotional descriptors, while RST is employed for attribute reduction to select five key design features that influence users’ emotions. Subsequently, the PSO-SVR model is applied to establish the nonlinear mapping relationship between these design features and users’ emotions, predicting the optimal configuration of OMS design. The results indicate that the optimized OMS design significantly enhances users’ intention to stay in the space, as reflected by higher ratings for emotional descriptors and increased preferences for longer outdoor activity duration, all exceeding the median score of the scale. Additionally, comparative analysis shows that the PSO-SVR model outperforms traditional methods (e.g., BPNN, RF, and SVR) in terms of accuracy and generalization for predictions. These findings demonstrate that the proposed method effectively improves the emotional performance of OMS design and offers a solid optimization framework along with practical guidance for future urban public space design. The innovative contribution of this study lies in the proposed data-driven optimization method that integrates machine learning and KE. This method not only offers a new theoretical perspective for OMS design but also establishes a scientific framework to accurately incorporate users’ emotional needs into the design process. The method contributes new knowledge to the field of urban design, promotes public health and well-being, and provides a solid foundation for future applications in different urban environments.
Study on Dynamic Response of Pile Foundation in Elastoplastic Soil Under Horizontal Loads
Authors: Gu Xiaoqing , Shu Jiaqing , Wang Yuxuan , Wang Pengpeng , Zhu Mingxing
Published: December 2024

The elastoplastic model can more accurately simulate the elastoplastic behavior of soil in the process of loading, so as to determine the soil resistance more accurately, which holds great significance in calculating the bearing capacity of pile foundations. However, the current study has not found that the elasticity of soil is taken into account to analyze the dynamic behavior of pile foundations. To study the dynamic response of pile foundation under horizontal cyclic load, theoretical calculation methods and model tests are applied. Based on the flexural differential equation of pile and considering the inertia force of the pile under harmonic load, the analytical solutions for the displacement and bending moment of pile foundation under horizontal cyclic load are obtained. The accuracy of the calculation method is confirmed through comparison with experimental results. An analysis is conducted to examine the impacts of harmonic load amplitude and frequency, foundation reaction coefficient, and pile bending stiffness on the plastic height. The changing rules of the pile bending moment and pile displacement with harmonic load amplitude, foundation reaction coefficient, and pile bending stiffness are studied. By comparing the theoretical and experimental results with numerical methods, it is found that the general trend of the experimental and theoretical results is consistent. It is found that as the harmonic load frequency increases, the foundation reaction coefficient decreases, and the harmonic load amplitude increases, there is a corresponding augmentation in the plastic height of the soil, pile displacement, and bending moment.
Optimization of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Configuration for Enhanced Flexural Performance in Strengthened Concrete Beams
Authors: Alsuhaibani Eyad
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the optimization of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet dimensions and anchorage configurations to enhance the flexural performance of concrete beams while maintaining cost-effectiveness. Eight beam specimens, incorporating variations in CFRP length, width, and anchorage systems, were tested under a three-point bending setup. A systematic approach was employed to evaluate key structural performance metrics, including normalized ultimate load capacity, energy absorption index, and relative deflection index, while minimizing material usage. The results revealed that the W.L.2U configuration, featuring full-length and full-width CFRP sheets with double U-wraps, delivered the highest performance, achieving a 161% increase in ultimate load capacity, an 822% improvement in energy absorption, and superior deflection. Comparative analysis highlighted critical trade-offs between material efficiency and performance, with configurations with full-width and half-length, such as W.0.5L, balancing efficiency and load-bearing enhancements. This study demonstrates that optimizing CFRP configurations, particularly in terms of length, width, and anchorage, is essential for maximizing structural performance while minimizing material usage, offering practical insights for cost-effective and performance-driven structural retrofitting applications.
Integrating Extended Reality (XR) in Architectural Design Education: A Systematic Review and Case Study at Southeast University (China)
Authors: Zhang Yueying , Huang Xiaoran
Published: December 2024

In recent years, extended reality (XR) technologies have emerged as transformative tools within the architectural design industry, offering immersive and interactive environments that enhance visualisation and collaboration. However, a significant gap remains between adopting these technologies in professional practises and integrating them into architectural design education. This study aims to bridge this gap by systematically reviewing XR applications in architectural design practises and exploring their potential integration into design studios. It specifically focuses on undergraduate graduation projects from the School of Architecture at Southeast University in China. Findings indicate that XR can transform traditional design approaches by refining design methods, extending design scopes, and encouraging the inclusion of diverse stakeholders. The paper also offers insights into optimising XR applications in architectural design education, providing strategic recommendations for technical advancements and academic curricula innovation, ultimately preparing students for technology-driven changes in professional practises.
CXCR1 Expression in MDA-PCa-2b Cell Upregulates ITM2A to Inhibit Tumor Growth
Authors: Adekoya Timothy O. , Smith Nikia , Kothari Parag , Dacanay Monique A. , Li Yahui , Richardson Ricardo M.
Published: December 2024

Background: Chemokines, along with their receptors, exert critical roles in tumor development and progression. In prostate cancer (PCa), interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) was shown to enhance angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. CXCL8 activates two receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. While CXCR2 expression was shown to promote PCa growth and metastasis, the role of CXCR1 remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we stably expressed CXCR1 and, as control, CXCR2 in the androgen-dependent PCa cell line MDA-PCa-2b to evaluate the effect of CXCR1 in tumor development. Results: MDA-PCa-2b-CXCR1 cells showed decreased cell migration, protein kinase-B (AKT) activation, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression, cell proliferation, and tumor development in nude mice, relative to MDA-PCa-2b-Vec and MDA-PCa-2b-CXCR2 cells. MDA-PCa-2b-CXCR1 cells also displayed a significant transition to mesenchymal phenotypes as characterized by decreased E-cadherin expression and a corresponding increased level of N-cadherin and vimentin expression. RNA-seq and Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in the tumor suppressor integral membrane protein 2A (ITM2A) expression in MDA-PCa-2b-CXCR1 compared to control cells. In prostate adenocarcinoma tissue, ITM2A expression was also shown to be downregulated relative to a normal prostate. Interestingly, the overexpression of ITM2A in MDA-PCa-2b cells (MDA-PCa-2b-ITM2A-GFP) inhibited tumor growth similar to that of MDA-PCa-2b-CXCR1. Conclusions: Taken together, the data suggest that CXCR1 expression in MDA-PCa-2b cells may upregulate ITM2A to abrogate tumor development.
Real-World Data of Patients with BRAF V600E-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Trifluridine/Tipiracil
Authors: Ros Javier , Ucha Jose Maria , Garcia-Galea Eduardo , Gomez Pablo , Martini Giulia , Balconi Francesca , Comas Raquel , Alonso Vicente , Rodriguez Marta , Baraibar Iosune , Salva Francesc , Saoudi Nadia , Alcaraz Adriana , Garcia Ariadna , Tabernero Josep , Elez Elena
Published: December 2024

Background: For patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD–TPI) has been associated with a significant improvement in overall survival (OS). However, data are lacking regarding the activity of FTD–TPI in patients with BRAF-mutated mCRC. Methods: This retrospective, multicenter, international cohort included patients with BRAF-mutated mCRC treated with FTD–TPI in a real-life setting in Spain and Italy. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models and according to established prognostic groups: good prognosis characteristics (GPC; < 3 metastatic sites and time from metastases to FTD–TPI ≥ 18 months) and poor prognosis characteristics (PPC; ≥ 3 metastatic sites or time from metastases to FTD–TPI < 18 months). Results: In the 26 patients included, the median age was 61 years, 13 (50%) were female, and 20 (77%) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 1. Fourteen (56%) patients had right-sided tumors, six (23%) had microsatellite instability tumors, and thirteen (50%) had liver metastases. Median progression-free survival was 2.3 months (95% CI 2.0–3.2), and median OS (mOS) was 6.6 months (95% CI 4.4–12.0). mOS was 7.6 vs. 4.2 months (HR 1.64, 95% CI 0.65–4.10, p = 0.3) for GPC and PPC patients, respectively. Exploratory analyses identified ECOG as the only feature associated with survival. The most frequent grade 3–4 adverse events were neutropenia (8%), anemia (8%), and asthenia (4%). Conclusions: Patients with BRAF mutant mCRC achieved modest benefits with FTD–TPI; however, patients with GPC and ECOG 0 achieved longer OS compared with those with PPC or ECOG 1–2, thus warranting further exploration in prospective cohorts.
Systematic Review-Based Treatment Algorithm for the Multidisciplinary Treatment of Lung Cancer Bone Metastases
Authors: Lim Ah Reum , Yoon Won Sup , Park Sunmin , Rim Chai Hong
Published: December 2024

Background: The prognosis for patients with lung cancer bone metastases has improved with the use of novel systemic agents. These patients might need surgery or radiotherapy to alleviate symptoms or maintain function. However, there is currently no disease specific algorithm to guide multidisciplinary decisions. Methods: The inclusion criteria encompassed studies with ≥10 patients offering multivariate analysis data on survival that were published after 2000 until September 2023. Clinical factors were categorized based on their characteristics and the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for each category were calculated. A treatment algorithm was proposed based on clinical importance and the pooled HRs. Results: Fifteen studies involving 3759 patients with lung cancer bone metastases were included. The median survival ranged between 1.8–28.3 months (median: 12.4). Among the studies involving patients with EGFR+ or treated with TKIs, the median survival ranged between 19.5–28.3 months. The most reported significant factor was ECOG performance (nine studies) followed by chemotherapy use (six studies). In the pooled analyses, the pooled HR [95% confidence interval (CI)] of the EGFR status category was 2.109 (1.345–3.305); the ECOG performance category was 2.007 (1.536–2.622); the visceral metastases category was 2.060 (1.370–3.098); the bone metastases characteristics category (e.g., multiplicity, weight-bearing bone metastases) was 1.910 (1.443–2.527); the body weight category was 1.805 (1.334–2.442); the anti-absorbants category was 1.784 (1.448–2.196); the systemic treatment category was 1.695 (1.407–2.041); the skeletal-related event category was 1.616 (1.063–2.458); the smoking status category was 1.530 (1.306–1.793); the gender category was 1.482 (1.270–1.729); and the histology category was 1.450 (1.186–1.772). Conclusions: Oncological prognoses are influenced by various interrelated factors. Our treatment algorithm supports multidisciplinary strategies for managing NSCLC bone metastases, considering the complex factors influencing prognosis.
Association Between Dairy Products Consumption and Esophageal, Stomach, and Pancreatic Cancers in the PANESOES Multi Case–Control Study
Authors: Oncina-Cánovas Alejandro , Torres-Collado Laura , García-de-la-Hera Manuela , Compañ-Gabucio Laura María , González-Palacios Sandra , Signes-Pastor Antonio José , Vioque Jesús
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study explored the association between dairy products consumption (total and subgroups) and cancer of the esophagus, stomach, and pancreas within the PANESOES case–control study. Methods: Data from 1229 participants, including 774 incident cases of cancer and 455 controls matched by age, sex, and region, were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire, categorizing dairy intake by total and subgroups (fermented dairy, sugary dairy desserts, and milk). Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate relative risk ratios (RRRs), adjusting for confounders. Results: We found an inverse association between moderate dairy consumption (T2) and esophageal cancer (RRR T2 vs. T1 = 0.59 (95%CI: 0.37–0.96)). The highest tertile (T3) of fermented dairy was associated with a lower risk of esophageal (RRR T3 vs. T1 = 0.55 (0.33–0.90)) and stomach cancers (RRR T3 vs. T1 = 0.68 (0.47–0.97)). By contrast, the highest tertile of consumption of sugary dairy desserts was associated with a higher risk of stomach cancer (RRR T3 vs. T1 = 1.85 (1.30–2.64)). No association was found for milk. Conclusions: This study suggests that fermented dairy may reduce the risk of esophageal and stomach cancers, while sugary dairy desserts may increase the risk of stomach cancer.
Rational Fabrication of Ag2S/g-C3N4 Heterojunction for Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye Under Natural Solar Radiation
Authors: Alsalme Ali , Najm Ahmed , Mohammed Nagy N. , Messih M. F. Abdel , Sultan Ayman , Ahmed Mohamed Abdelhay
Published: December 2024

Near-infrared light-triggered photocatalytic water treatment has attracted significant attention in recent years. In this novel research, rational sonochemical fabrication of Ag2S/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with various compositions of Ag2S (0–25) wt% was carried out to eliminate hazardous rhodamine B dye in a cationic organic pollutant model. g-C3N4 sheets were synthesized via controlled thermal annealing of microcrystalline urea. However, black Ag2S nanoparticles were synthesized through a precipitation-assisted sonochemical route. The chemical interactions between various compositions of Ag2S and g-C3N4 were carried out in an ultrasonic bath with a power of 300 W. XRD, PL, DRS, SEM, HRTEM, mapping, BET, and SAED analysis were used to estimate the crystalline, optical, nanostructure, and textural properties of the solid specimens. The coexistence of the diffraction peaks of g-C3N4 and Ag2S implied the successful production of Ag2S/g-C3N4 heterojunctions. The band gap energy of g-C3N4 was exceptionally reduced from 2.81 to 1.5 eV with the introduction of 25 wt% of Ag2S nanoparticles, implying the strong absorbability of the nanocomposites to natural solar radiation. The PL signal intensity of Ag2S/g-C3N4 was reduced by 40% compared with pristine g-C3N4, implying that Ag2S enhanced the electron–hole transportation and separation. The rate of the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B molecules was gradually increased with the introduction of Ag2S on the g-C3N4 surface and reached a maximum for nanocomposites containing 25 wt% Ag2S. The radical trapping experiments demonstrated the principal importance of reactive oxygen species and hot holes in destroying rhodamine B under natural solar radiation. The charge transportation between Ag2S and g-C3N4 semiconductors proceeded through the type I straddling scheme. The enriched photocatalytic activity of Ag2S/g-C3N4 nanocomposites resulted from an exceptional reduction in band gap energy and controlling the electron–hole separation rate with the introduction of Ag2S as an efficient photothermal photocatalyst. The novel as-synthesized nanocomposites are considered a promising photocatalyst for destroying various types of organic pollutants under low-cost sunlight radiation.
From Bench to Bedside: Translating Cellular Rejuvenation Therapies into Clinical Applications
Authors: Saliev Timur , Singh Prim B.
Published: December 2024

Cellular rejuvenation therapies represent a transformative frontier in addressing age-related decline and extending human health span. By targeting fundamental hallmarks of aging—such as genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence—these therapies aim to restore youthful functionality to cells and tissues, offering new hope for treating degenerative diseases. Recent advancements have showcased a range of strategies, including epigenetic reprogramming, senolytic interventions, mitochondrial restoration, stem cell-based approaches, and gene-editing technologies like CRISPR. Each modality has demonstrated substantial potential in preclinical models and is now being cautiously explored in early-stage clinical trials. However, translating these therapies from the laboratory to clinical practice presents unique challenges: safety concerns, delivery precision, complex regulatory requirements, ethical considerations, and high costs impede widespread adoption. This review examines the current landscape of cellular rejuvenation, highlighting key advancements, potential risks, and the strategies needed to overcome these hurdles.
Assessment of Extracellular Particles Directly in Diluted Plasma and Blood by Interferometric Light Microscopy. A Study of 613 Human and 163 Canine Samples
Authors: Korenjak Boštjan , Tratenšek Armando , Arko Matevž , Romolo Anna , Hočevar Matej , Kisovec Matic , Berry Maxence , Bedina Zavec Apolonija , Drobne David , Vovk Tomaž , Iglič Aleš , Nemec Svete Alenka , Erjavec Vladimira , Kralj-Iglič Veronika
Published: December 2024

Extracellular nanoparticles (EPs) are a subject of increasing interest for their biological role as mediators in cell–cell communication; however, their harvesting and assessment from bodily fluids are challenging, as processing can significantly affect samples. With the aim of minimizing processing artifacts, we assessed the number density (n) and hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of EPs directly in diluted plasma and blood using the following recently developed technique: interferometric light microscopy (ILM). We analyzed 613 blood and plasma samples from human patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), collected in trisodium citrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulants, and 163 blood and plasma samples from canine patients with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). We found a highly statistically significant correlation between n in the plasma and n in the blood only in the human (i.e., but not canine) blood samples, between the samples with trisodium citrate and EDTA, and between the respective Dh for both species (all p < 10−3). In the human plasma, the average  was 139 ± 31 nm; in the human blood,  was 158 ± 11 nm; in the canine plasma,  was 155 ± 32 nm; and in the canine blood,  was 171 ± 33 nm. The differences within species were statistically significant (p < 10−2), with sufficient statistical power (P > 0.8). For , we found no statistically significant differences between the human plasma and blood samples or between the samples with trisodium citrate and EDTA. Our results prove that measuring n and Dh of EPs in minimally processed fresh blood and in diluted fresh plasma by means of ILM is feasible for large populations of samples.
The Chemokine System as a Key Regulator of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Converging Pathways in Human Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) and the Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis Model in Mice
Authors: Russo Remo Castro , Ryffel Bernhard
Published: December 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and lethal interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown origin, characterized by limited treatment efficacy and a fibroproliferative nature. It is marked by excessive extracellular matrix deposition in the pulmonary parenchyma, leading to progressive lung volume decline and impaired gas exchange. The chemokine system, a network of proteins involved in cellular communication with diverse biological functions, plays a crucial role in various respiratory diseases. Chemokine receptors trigger the activation, proliferation, and migration of lung-resident cells, including pneumocytes, endothelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and fibroblasts. Around 50 chemokines can potentially interact with 20 receptors, expressed by both leukocytes and non-leukocytes such as tissue parenchyma cells, contributing to processes such as leukocyte mobilization from the bone marrow, recirculation through lymphoid organs, and tissue influx during inflammation or immune response. This narrative review explores the complexity of the chemokine system in the context of IPF and the bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mouse model. The goal is to identify specific chemokines and receptors as potential therapeutic targets. Recent progress in understanding the role of the chemokine system during IPF, using experimental models and molecular diagnosis, underscores the complex nature of this system in the context of the disease. Despite advances in experimental models and molecular diagnostics, discovering an effective therapy for IPF remains a significant challenge in both medicine and pharmacology. This work delves into microarray results from lung samples of IPF patients and murine samples at different stages of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. By discussing common pathways identified in both IPF and the experimental model, we aim to shed light on potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Dysregulation caused by abnormal chemokine levels observed in IPF lungs may activate multiple targets, suggesting that chemokine signaling plays a central role in maintaining or perpetuating lung fibrogenesis. The highlighted chemokine axes (CCL8-CCR2, CCL19/CCL21-CCR7, CXCL9-CXCR3, CCL3/CCL4/CCL5-CCR5, and CCL20-CCR6) present promising opportunities for advancing IPF treatment research and uncovering new pharmacological targets within the chemokine system.
Developmental Psychology and Healthcare Professions: Autism Knowledge Among Nurses: An Observational Study
Authors: Ferrara Rosaria , Campagna Giuseppe , Ricci Pasquale , Damato Felice , Ricci Lidia , Iovino Leonardo , Marti Flavio , Latina Roberto , Simeoli Roberta
Published: December 2024

Background: One of the biggest limitations faced by autistic people is the lack of knowledge of their condition. Our study aims to evaluate and discuss the knowledge of autism among nurses, which is a social and health category often in close contact with autistic people. Objective: Given the limited exploration of awareness levels about autism among healthcare professionals, this study aims to investigate general and specific knowledge of autism within a group of nursing students enrolled in a master’s degree. Methods: A total of 66 nurses completed the questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were conducted on the results for the four subcomponents of the questionnaire: (i) general knowledge, (ii) symptomatology, (iii) screening and diagnosis, and (iv) intervention and treatment. A correlation analysis was performed between the participants’ demographic variables and questionnaire scores. Additionally, a multivariable logistic regression was conducted to analyze the association between the participants’ basic demographic characteristics and questionnaire scores. Results: Results showed a good percentage of correct answers in the “general knowledge” category. Furthermore, a good level of knowledge regarding the fact that ASD is a developmental disorder and a congenital disease also emerged. Conclusions: Regarding the knowledge of typical autism symptoms, participants answered most of the questions correctly. Correct answers decreased for questions related to screening and diagnosis. In particular, participants had limited knowledge of the DSM-5 and the timing of ASD diagnosis. Similar levels of knowledge were observed for the fourth category, “intervention and treatment”.
Real-World Oncological Outcomes of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Taniguchi Tomoki , Iinuma Koji , Kawada Kei , Ishida Takashi , Takagi Kimiaki , Tomioka Masayuki , Kawase Makoto , Kawase Kota , Nakane Keita , Tobisawa Yuki , Koie Takuya
Published: December 2024

A combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab (NIVO + IPI) is the only approved combination of two immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic or advanced renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Inadequate evidence of treatment with NIVO + IPI has been reported in Japanese cohorts. We evaluated the clinical efficacy of NIVO + IPI treatment. Patients with mRCC who received NIVO + IPI at nine Japanese facilities between August 2018 and March 2023 were enrolled in this study. The primary endpoint in this study was the assessment of oncological outcomes in patients with mRCC who received NIVO + IPI. Eighty-four patients with mRCC were enrolled. The median follow-up period was 18.3 months, and median progression-free and overall survival were 13.3 and 50.9 months, respectively. The objective response rate was 47.6%, and the disease control rate was 78.6%. To our knowledge, this is the largest study that evaluates Japanese patients with mRCC receiving NIVO + IPI treatment. In this study, the real-world oncological outcomes after NIVO + IPI treatment were comparable to those in the CheckMate 214 study.
Assessing the Biodegradation of Low-Density Polyethylene Films by Candida tropicalis SLNEA04 and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa SLNEA05
Authors: Harrat Randa , Bourzama Ghania , Burgaud Gaëtan , Coton Emmanuel , Bourezgui Aymen , Soumati Boudjema
Published: December 2024

Environmental pollution resulting from the accumulation of plastic waste poses a major ecological challenge. Biodegradation of these polymers relies on microorganisms capable of decomposing them, generally through the biodeterioration, biofragmentation, assimilation, and mineralization stages. This study evaluates the contribution and efficacy of indigenous soil yeasts isolated from a northeastern Algerian landfill in degrading low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic bag films. Candida tropicalis SLNEA04 and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa SLNEA05 were identified through internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. These isolates were then tested for their ability to biodegrade LDPE films and utilized as the sole carbon source in vitro in a mineral salt medium (MSM). The biodegradation effect was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). After 30 days of incubation at 25 °C, a significant weight loss was observed compared to the control for both cultures: 7.60% and 5.53% for C. tropicalis and R. mucilaginosa, respectively. SEM analysis revealed morphological alterations, including cracks and holes, ATR-FTIR detected new functional groups (alcohols, alkynes, aldehydes, alkenes and ketones), while XRD identified changes in the polymer crystallinity and phase composition. These findings underscore the potential of the two yeast isolates in LDPE biodegradation, offering promising insights for future environmental applications.
Predictive Modeling of Heart Rate from Respiratory Signals at Rest in Young Healthy Humans
Authors: Gómez Carlos M. , Muñoz Vanesa , Muñoz-Caracuel Manuel
Published: December 2024

Biological signals such as respiration (RSP) and heart rate (HR) are oscillatory and physiologically coupled, maintaining homeostasis through regulatory mechanisms. This report models the dynamic relationship between RSP and HR in 45 healthy volunteers at rest. Cross-correlation between RSP and HR was computed, along with regression analysis to predict HR from RSP and its first-order time derivative in continuous signals. A simulation model tested the possibility of replicating the RSP–HR relationship. Cross-correlation results showed a time lag in the sub-second range of these signals (849.21 ms ± SD 344.84). The possible modulation of HR by RSP was mediated by the RSP amplitude and its first-order time derivative (in 45 of 45 cases). A simulation of this process allowed us to replicate the physiological relationship between RSP and HR. These results provide support for understanding the dynamic interactions in cardiorespiratory coupling at rest, showing a short time lag between RSP and HR and a modulation of the HR signal by the first-order time derivative of the RSP. This dynamic would optionally be incorporated into dynamic models of resting cardiopulmonary coupling and suggests a mechanism for optimizing respiration in the alveolar system by promoting synchrony between the gases and hemoglobin in the alveolar pulmonary system.
A Chaos Synchronization Diagnostic: Difference Time Series Peak Complexity (DTSPC)
Authors: Lin Zhe , Pattanayak Arjendu K.
Published: December 2024

Chaotic systems can exhibit completely different behaviors given only slightly different initial conditions, yet it is possible to synchronize them through appropriate coupling. A wide variety of behaviors—complete chaos, complete synchronization, phase synchronization, etc.—across a variety of systems have been identified but rely on systems’ phase space trajectories, which suppress important distinctions between very different behaviors and require access to the differential equations. In this paper, we introduce the Difference Time Series Peak Complexity (DTSPC) algorithm, a technique using entropy as a tool to quantitatively measure synchronization. Specifically, this uses peak pattern complexity created from sampled time series, focusing on the behavior of ringing patterns in the difference time series to distinguish a variety of synchronization behaviors based on the entropic complexity of the populations of various patterns. We present results from the paradigmatic case of coupled Lorenz systems, both identical and non-identical, and across a range of parameters and show that this technique captures the diversity of possible synchronization, including non-monotonicity as a function of parameter as well as complicated boundaries between different regimes. Thus, this peak pattern entropic analysis algorithm reveals and quantifies the complexity of chaos synchronization dynamics, and in particular captures transitional behaviors between different regimes.
Design of a Fast and Scalable FPGA-Based Bitmap for RDMA Networks
Authors: Pan Yipeng , Guo Zhichuan , Zhang Mengting
Published: December 2024

Remote direct memory access (RDMA) is widely used within and across data centers due to its low latency, high throughput, and low CPU overhead. To further enhance the transmission performance of RDMA, techniques such as multi-path RDMA have been proposed. However, while these techniques increase throughput, they also introduce significant out-of-order (OoO) packet issues that standard RDMA network interface cards (RNICs) struggle to handle effectively. To address the OoO challenges in RDMA network and ensure the integrity of data, we propose an FPGA-based bitmap which is capable of maintaining high throughput and low latency under OoO conditions. Our design segments the bitmap and maintains status information, achieving the low-latency processing of OoO packets with excellent scalability, thus making it suitable for various network environments. We implement this design on Xilinx AU200 FPGA and test it in a simulated 100 Gbps data center network. The results show that the performance under OoO transmission conditions is comparable to that under in-order conditions, demonstrating the solution’s effectiveness in handling RDMA OoO packets efficiently and ensuring high-performance data transfer in RDMA networks.
Three-Dimensionally Printed Dual-Slot-Fed Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Rectangular and Irregular Elements for 5G Applications
Authors: Shou Zhenyi , Wu Zhipeng , Wang Hanyang , Zhou Hai , Hou Meng
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a novel dual-slot-fed dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with rectangular and irregular elements, designed for 5G wireless applications, is presented. The DRA achieves wideband capability by combining the resonant modes of the rectangular and irregular DRA elements, which is a less common feature in conventional designs. A frequency ratio adjustment technique, based on the concept of inductive de-loading, is uniquely proposed for the independent frequency adjustment of the irregular DRA. Unlike traditional methods, an equivalent circuit presentation was developed to interpret the impedance characteristics of single-element DRAs, and to provide new insights into the presence of inductive de-loading from a circuit perspective. For verification, a dual-slot-fed prototype was fabricated through digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printing technology, with the aim of customizable design and low-cost fabrication. The measured and simulated results of reflection coefficients and radiation patterns showed good agreements, with a measured bandwidth of 51.6% (2.96–5.02 GHz), effectively covering the desired 5G n77–n79 (3.3–5.0 GHz) frequency bands.
Spatio-Temporal Feature Engineering and Selection-Based Flight Arrival Delay Prediction Using Deep Feedforward Regression Network
Authors: Biswas Md. Emran , Sultana Tangina , Mandal Ashis Kumar , Golam Morshed Md , Hossain Md. Delowar
Published: December 2024

Flight delays continue to pose a substantial concern in the aviation sector, impacting both operational efficiency and passenger satisfaction. Existing systems, while attempting to predict delays, often lack accurate predictive capabilities due to poor modeling setups, insufficient feature engineering, and inadequate feature selection processes, leading to suboptimal predictions and ineffective decision-making. Precisely forecasting flight arrival delays is essential for improving airline scheduling and resource allocation. The aim of our research is to create a superior prediction model that surpasses current modeling approaches. This study aims to forecast airline arrival delays by examining data from five prominent U.S. states in 2023—California (CA), Texas (TX), Florida (FL), New York (NY), and Georgia (GA). Our proposed modeling approach involves feature engineering to identify significant variables, followed by a novel feature selection algorithm (CFS) designed to retain only the most relevant features. Delay forecasts were generated using our proposed Deep Feed Forward Regression Network (DFFRN), a five-layer deep learning approach designed to enhance predictive accuracy by incorporating extensively selected features. The findings indicate that the DFFRN model substantially outperformed conventional models documented in the literature. The DFFRN had the highest R2 score (99.916%), indicating exceptional predictive efficacy, highlighting the efficacy of the DFFRN model for predicting flight delays and establishing it as a significant asset for improving decision-making and minimizing operational delays in the aviation sector.
Research on Grid-Connected and Off-Grid Control Strategy for Bidirectional Energy Storage Inverter
Authors: Ju Yafeng , Zhang Hui , Cao Xudong , Zhang Ruogu , Ji Li , Wei Xueliang , Liu Yanqing
Published: December 2024

Bidirectional energy storage inverters serve as crucial devices connecting distributed energy resources within microgrids to external large-scale power grids. Due to the disruptive impacts arising during the transition between grid-connected and islanded modes in bidirectional energy storage inverters, this paper proposes a smooth switching strategy based on droop control to mitigate such impacts. Firstly, this paper introduces the principle of droop control under inductive line impedance conditions, elaborating on the relevant components and the design rationale and parameter selection for the control components adopted in this study. During the transition from grid-connected to islanded mode, an improved Active Frequency Drift with Positive Feedback (AFDPF) method is introduced. Building upon the traditional AFDPF, this method optimizes the chopping coefficient by incorporating a positive feedback coefficient and a piecewise function, and proposes a tracking step size with the cube root of the frequency difference, thereby enhancing the efficiency of islanding detection while ensuring harmonic quality in the system. Conversely, during the transition from islanded to grid-connected mode, this paper proposes a composite pre-synchronization control strategy based on droop control, which enables precise tracking of the phase, amplitude, and frequency of the output voltage of the bidirectional energy storage inverter relative to the grid voltage. Finally, simulation models are established using MATLAB/Simulink(MathWorks, R2022b, U.S.), and an experimental platform with the TMS320F28378DPTPS controller built for verification. The results demonstrate that the proposed switching strategy exhibits excellent stability and achieves smooth transitions between grid-connected and islanded modes, outperforming traditional control strategies.
Correction: Muck et al. Integrating Fiber Sensing for Spatially Resolved Temperature Measurement in Fuel Cells. Energies 2024, 17, 16
Authors: Muck Nicolas , David Christoph , Knöri Torsten
Published: December 2024

The authors would like to make the following changes to their paper published in Energies [...]
The Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Reducing GHG Emissions in Transport Systems
Authors: Miller Tymoteusz , Durlik Irmina , Kostecka Ewelina , Łobodzińska Adrianna , Matuszak Marcin
Published: December 2024

The global transport sector, a significant contributor to energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, requires innovative solutions to meet sustainability goals. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology, offering opportunities to enhance energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions in transport systems. This study provides a comprehensive review of AI’s role in optimizing vehicle energy management, traffic flow, and alternative fuel technologies, such as hydrogen fuel cells and biofuels. It explores AI’s potential to drive advancements in electric and autonomous vehicles, shared mobility, and smart transportation systems. The economic analysis demonstrates the viability of AI-enhanced transport, considering Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and cost-benefit outcomes. However, challenges such as data quality, computational demands, system integration, and ethical concerns must be addressed to fully harness AI’s potential. The study also highlights the policy implications of AI adoption, underscoring the need for supportive regulatory frameworks and energy policies that promote innovation while ensuring safety and fairness.
Correction: Patton Witt, R.; Guzman, M.I. Coal Ash Triggers an Elevated Temperature Landfill Development: Lessons from the Bristol Virginia Solid Waste Landfill Neighboring Community. Environments 2024, 11, 201
Authors: Patton Witt Reagan , Guzman Marcelo I.
Published: December 2024

In the original publication [...]
Efficient Registration of Airborne LiDAR and Terrestrial LiDAR Point Clouds in Forest Scenes Based on Single-Tree Position Consistency
Authors: Cheng Xiaolong , Liu Xinyu , Huang Yuemei , Zhou Wei , Nie Jie
Published: December 2024

Airborne LiDAR (ALS) and terrestrial LiDAR (TLS) data integration provides complementary perspectives for acquiring detailed 3D forest information. However, challenges in registration arise due to feature instability, low overlap, and differences in cross-platform point cloud density. To address these issues, this study proposes an automatic point cloud registration method based on the consistency of the single-tree position distribution in multi-species and complex forest scenes. In this method, single-tree positions are extracted as feature points using the Stepwise Multi-Form Fitting (SMF) technique. A novel feature point matching method is proposed by constructing a polar coordinate system, which achieves fast horizontal registration. Then, the Z-axis translation is determined through the integration of Cloth Simulation Filtering (CSF) and grid-based methods. Finally, the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm is employed to perform fine registration. The experimental results demonstrate that the method achieves high registration accuracy across four forest plots of varying complexity, with root-mean-square errors of 0.0423 m, 0.0348 m, 0.0313 m, and 0.0531 m. The registration accuracy is significantly improved compared to existing methods, and the time efficiency is enhanced by an average of 90%. This method offers robust and accurate registration performance in complex and diverse forest environments.