bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food consumption pattern Far Away From Home as a source of household food protein in Indonesia
Authors: Anindita R , Khoiriyah N , Sa’diyah A A
Published: December 2022

The pattern of food consumption determines the level of household welfare, but for households with low income, the share of food expenditure is dominated by carbohydrate food. Protein foods are the second food consumed after carbohydrate staple foods. This study analyzes food consumption patterns away from home as a source of protein for households in Indonesia. The research data uses secondary data in the form of Susenas data in 2020 which covers of thirty-four provinces and the samples cover 334,127 households in total. The research data is in the form of total household expenditure data, data on the number of household members, consumption and expenditure data of FAFH as a source of household protein in Indonesia covering eight types of food, namely 1) soup namely soto, gule, sop, rawon 2) satay, tongseng 3) meatball noodles, chicken noodles 4) cooked fish 5) cooked chicken or meat 6) processed meat 7) chicken porridge, and 8) dumplings, batagor. The consumption preference model approach uses the Probit Model. The results showed that all FAFH foods had a high significant effect on FAFH consumption patterns. However, the household size variable shows a negative relationship. The higher the household size, the lower the possibility of consuming FAFH. The findings of this study demonstrate that, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the intake of FAFH protein is increasing, albeit at a very slow rate. This also demonstrates that FAFH food is a source of protein for households in Indonesia.
Shrimps distribution and their relationship to the environmental variables in Arafura Sea
Authors: Tirtadanu  , Amri Khairul , Makmun Asep , Priatna Asep , Pane Andina Ramadhani Putri , Wagiyo Karsono , Yusuf Helman Nur
Published: December 2022

Arafura Sea is well-known as the important area for commercial shrimp fisheries in Indonesia. The density of shrimps was highly influenced by their fishing pressure and environmental condition. The objective of this research was to study the distribution of shrimps based on its stock density and their relationship with the environmental variables. Trawling swept area method was used in 16 sampling sites of Arafura Sea during the transition monsoon in 2016. Some environmental variables in bottom layers as shrimp habitat were measured, including chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, depth, salinity, temperature and pH. The results showed that the largest density of shrimps was found in the southern coast of Aru where it has the largest concentration of chlorophyll-a and dissolved oxygen. Among all the environmental variables, Chlorophyll-a was the main variable affected the density of shrimps. Three most dominant species were Penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus endeavouri and Metapenaeus ensis. There was indication of the decreasing shrimp stock in Arafura Sea. The ecosystem-based fisheries management should be developed to rebuild the stock density and to enhance the environmental quality of Arafura Sea.
The effect of coral transplantation on the community structure of reef fish on Harapan Island, Seribu Archipelago, Jakarta
Authors: Nurafif RA , Yulianda F , Sulistiono  , Simanjuntak CPH , Ervinia A , Subhan B , Nugroho T
Published: December 2022

Coral reef degradation in Indonesia is increasingly alarming. For this reason, efforts are needed to rehabilitate coral reef ecosystems. In this study, we explained the effect of coral transplantation on the structure of coral fish communities in the waters of Harapan Island, precisely on Rosa and Pamegaran Island, Seribu Archipelago National Park. The study of the reef fish community structure was carried out for 8 weeks from February 2019 to April 2019. This study was conducted by scuba diving to dive directly into the coral transplant sites. During the study period, a total of 35 species (14 families) were observed. There is an increase in fish abundance per 50m² which is significant over time for 8 weeks of observation (α 0.05). Significant differences in abundance of reef fish also occurred between the two islands (α 0.05), indicating that differences in the depth of the location of coral transplants can also affect the abundance of reef fish. It can be concluded that coral transplantation efforts succeeded in increasing the abundance of individual reef fish on both coral transplantation islands.
A comparative study on mangrove community structure at Karimunjawa, Indonesia: Kemujan Island and Jati Kerep aquaculture area
Authors: Mustika Lita , Putro Sapto P , Utami Sri , Hariyati Riche , Murningsih
Published: December 2022

Mangrove forest habitats of great variety can be found in the Karimunjawa Islands, which is located in Indonesia. The Karimunjawa Islands, located in Jepara Regency, is a group of 27 islands in the Java Sea. Mangrove is a type of vegetation that protects coastal habitat. The ecosystem’s long-term sustainability will be determined by its regeneration condition. This study aimed to examine mangrove community structure and mangrove regeneration at Karimunjawa. The study area was determined by purposive sampling technique with plot at size of 10 x 10m for tree, 5 x 5m for sapling, and 1 x 1m for seedling. This study revealed 11 mangrove species with the highest IVI value of 63.60% forR. stylosaat Kemujan Island, andL. racemosawith an IVI value of 109.71% at Jati Kerep Aquaculture Area. The diversity index (H’) was ranging between 1.55 to 2.00 and both study areas shared high similarity (SI = 70.59%). It was revealed that mangrove species grow at a slightly slower pace in Karimunjawa, as indicated by the number of individual number of seedlings (179 ind/ha) < sapling (234 ind/ha) < tree (239 ind/ha). Further test using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there was a non-statistically significant difference in mean between Kemujan Island and Jati Kerep Aquaculture Area (F(1,4) = [3.136], p = 0.151).
Effects of physical treatments on size particle and nutritional properties of bone powder from Pangasius sp
Authors: Jasmadi  , Sefrienda AR , Kumayanjati B , Setyono DED , Herdian H , Novianty H
Published: December 2022

Fishbone (FB) is a nutritionally dense by-product of fisheries processing, which is a good source of Ca and other elements. This study aimed to determine the effect of sonication and water bath treatments on the size and nutritional value of Pangasius bone powder. Pulverized FB was soaked in 40% lime solution (pH 2) under different conditions in a sonicator and water bath for 30 min. and 60 min. at 60 C, and then powdered. The whiteness index (WI), pH, particle and distribution size, proximate and mineral contents of FB powder were investigated. This study showed that sonication treatments were 89.09-89.17 for WI, 6.99-7.14 for pH, 860.15-1029.3 nm for particle size, 3.66-3.95 % for fat, 14.62-16.10 % for protein, 50.48-50.91% for Ca, 14.77-15.08 % for P and water bath treatments were 88.91-88.93 for WI, 7.36-7.43 for pH, 734.5-959 nm for particle size, 3.22-3325 % for fat, 14.78-15.23 % for protein, 50.97-50.95 % for Ca, and 14.97-14.99 % for P. Both showed a mono-modal size distribution and trace amounts of other minerals in all treatments. In conclusion, a 60-minute water bath treatment is a promising method for reducing the particle size of FB powder without significantly altering its nutritional composition.
Test the effectiveness of Porphyridium aerugineum as Vibrio controller in shrimp ponds
Authors: Kadriah Ince Ayu K. , Susianingsih Endang , Nurhidayah  , Herlinda  , Indrayani  , Sukainah Andi
Published: December 2022

Bacterial disease control in shrimp ponds was currently taking a more environmentally friendly approach. Thwas study aims to find out the effectiveness of Porphyridium aerugineum as a controller of Vibrioswas in ponds. This research was carried out at with two treatments with three replications. The first treatment was the administration of whole-cell microalgae P. aerugineum and the second treatment was control without microalgae administration. Tiger shrimp was stocked at the stadia PL 12 (density of 8 shrimp fry/m2). The study used 6 ponds measuring 10m x 25m with a water depth of 80cm. Microalgae was given once a week. A sampling of pond water and sediment was carried out once in two weeks. The results showed that the addition of wholecell microalgae P.aerugineum in ponds can reduce the ratio of total Vibrio bacteria and total plate count in ponds water but not in pond sediments. In ponds fed microalgae P.aerugineum, shrimp survival rate and production were higher than those of in controls. The results of thwas study showed that the adminwastration of microalgae as an additional supplement in ponds gave better results compared to the control.
The effect of different dose on biological performance and its correlation with growth of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Widyastuti Y R , Setiadi E , Saputra A , Prihadi T H
Published: December 2022

This study was to find out the biological effects of different feed dose and their relationship to the growth of tilapia. Fingerlings of Oreochromis niloticus, with an average initial weight range of 4.42 - 4.44 g were randomly distributed into three treatments and replicated 3 times using concrete fish container.The treatments were three feed doses namely: 5% (A); 8% (B); adlibitum (C) of 32% crude protein floating pellet feed, in crumble-shaped. The effect of different dose on growth and its correlation were determined. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine of initial, final and absolut weight, Average body weight (ABW) and Average daily growth (ADG). Feed conversion ratio, survival rate and biomass were also counted. Polynomial analysis was further used to prove whether the amount of feed provided is effective for fish growth. Temperature, pH, disolleved oxygen and ammnonia were test. The results noted that biological performance parameters were not signifanctly different (p ≥ 0.05) between treatments. Polynomial results showed for its growth tilapia fish using 98-99% of the feed given. The results of water quality parameters indicated an optimal range value to growth of nile tilapia.
Growth performance of G2 juvenile blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus1758), reared in different culture conditions
Authors: Sulaeman  , Gunarto  , Herlinah
Published: December 2022

The experiment was aimed to describe the growth performance of the second generation (G2) of domesticated blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus. The crablet stage was cultivated in three different outdoor rearing conditions: a) each crablet was placed individually in 250 ml-plastic (plastic-cup), b) crablets were reared in an 8 m2 concrete tank with shelters (concrete), and c) crablet reared in the 90-t concrete tank with sandy bottom (sandy-bottom). The crab was fed a commercial prawn diet, and the growth and survival rate (SR) were recorded. The result showed that the final weight (W) and carapace width (CW) in all treatments were significantly different (P>0.05), where the highest in sandy-bottom followed by concrete and plastic-cup. However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the W and CW between the female and male crabs from concrete and plastic-cup systems. Still, males grew significantly higher than females (P<0.05) in sandy-bottom. Meanwhile, the SR varied between rearing conditions. The highest SR was recorded in plastic-cup (97%), in contrast to 52% and 32% for concrete and sandy-bottom, respectively. In addition, a part of the female crab from the sandy-bottom population could have reached the mature stage at the end of the experiment.
Analysis of law enforcement on Marine Debris in Indonesia
Authors: Djafar Eka Merdekawati , Widayanti Tri Fenny , Zulfan Hakim M. , Rivannie Syarif Saddam , Rastiawaty
Published: December 2022

Marine debris one of the source of marine pollution that will damage marine ecosystems and be harmful to human health. To deal with marine debris, the government has formed a national action plan for marine debris 2018-2025 as the implementation of Presidential Regulation No. 83 of 2018 concerning the handling of marine debris. Law enforcement is one of the strategies in the action plan, but in practice, law enforcement cannot implemented effectively. The absence of sanctions given to the garbage throwers and the absence of socialization of the rules regarding marine debris make there no deterrent effect and therefore increase the amount of marine debris in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical approach with analytical descriptive research to describe and analyze the use of international legal instruments nationally. The results of this study are that strict rules must be made, especially the imposition of sanctions on the perpetrators of marine waste disposal so that it will have a deterrent effect, sanctions can be in the form of fines or criminal sanctions. The government also must socialize to the public regarding the provision of these sanctions, so that there is good cooperation between government and community.
Catches Analysis of Scottish Seine Net Modification of Cod-end in Majene Waters, Makassar Strait
Authors: Palo Mahfud , Najamuddin  , Assir Andi , Sarlan Syahrul , Jaya Indra
Published: December 2022

Research on Scottish Seine Net Modification of cod-end was conducted to analyze the catch. This research was carried out in the western coastal waters of Majene Regency, West Sulawesi, following the fishing operation of one unit of Scottish Seine Net, which had modified its fishing gear. The study results found ten species of fish caught with a total catch of 115.4 kg. The four most caught species were Indian scad 46.5 kg, mackerel tuna 21.5 kg, skipjack tuna 19.2 kg, rainbow runner 17.8 kg, and six other species 10.4 kg. The total catch was 115.4 kg consisting of 1753 individuals, with the composition of the species of catch consisting of Indian scad (Decapterus russelli) 56.7%, Bigeye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) 22.6%, skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) 9.9%, Mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) 3.1% and the other six species 7.7%. The four most common catch species are the Indian scad, 7.3-25.8 cm. Bigeye scad, 6.5-20.5 cm. Skipjack tuna, 10.8-25.5 cm. And Mackerel tuna, 14.5-45.1 cm. Indian scad as the catch with the highest composition caught 62.7% were suitable for catching.
Feeding incidence and biological performance of Nilem carp, Osteochilus haseltii larvae to juvenile stages cultured under different aeration rate
Authors: Setiadi E , Widyastuti Y R
Published: December 2022

Nilem carp, Osteochilus hasselti is one of the local species which has an economic value in Indonesia especially the fingerling size “baby fish”. The purpose of this research is to determine the suitable of aeration rate for feeding incidence, survival, and growth. The aeration rates of this research were adjusted to A) 0 ml/minute; B) 500 ml/minute; C) 1,000 ml/minute; D) 1,500 ml/minute; and E) 2,000 ml/minute. Each treatment consisted of three replicates. 600 of newly hatched larvae (1 day old) were stocked in the fiber tank with size of 60 x 40 x 40 cm. Each fiber tank was completed by water heater. Larvae were cultured for 45 days. Larvae were fed Artemia and artificial diet. The parameters observed such as feeding incidence, survival, absolute weight and absolute length. The result showed that the aeration rate has influenced feeding incidence, the survival, absolute weight, and absolute length (P<0.05). The water quality parameter such as dissolved oxygen was affected by aeration rate where the higher of aeration will be led to increase the value of dissolved oxygen concentration. The aeration rate of 1,000 ml/minute is recommended to be suitable for larviculture of nilem carp in order to increase the seed production.
Generating tsunami hazard map with various relief (Land) in Indonesian coastal cities by remote sensing perspective: A preliminary study
Authors: Setiawati M D , Anugrah R D , Iswari M Y , Sambah A B , As-syakur A R , Abdurrahim A Y , Anggraini K
Published: December 2022

Tsunami-prone areas on the western and southern coasts of Sumatra, Java, and Bali are home to more than a hundred million Indonesians. As preliminary research, the main goals of this paper are to present a hazard assessment methodology that identifies areas of high tsunami hazard and the spatial distribution pattern of inundated areas and its energy transfer to the inland with various relief (land) in coastal cities. The methods established here are based on a geographic information system (GIS) approach by combining the numerical modelling, wave height, and remote sensing data. We also examined the variations of spatial hazard distribution with a medium spatial resolution (30 m) among the pilot sites studies. The result stated that medium spatial resolution has limitations to model the inland tsunami inundation and its energy in the plain area. Still, it can model in the dynamic elevation variation. Under the 10 m wave height scenario, the highest mean of inundation depth among four pilot sites is in Kuta (5.9 m with an energy wave (Ewave) of 38.34 MJ), followed by Banyuwangi (5.5 m with Ewave of 33.32 MJ), Pacitan (5m with the Ewave of 27.53 MJ) and Sibolga (3.9 m with the Ewave of 16.75 MJ), respectively.
Analysis of polonium-210 and dose assessment in marine fishery muscle from Southern Coast of Sukabumi
Authors: Putri S O H , Putra D I P , Pambudi F I , Makmur M , Prihatiningsih W R , Yusuf S , Mulyaningsih Th. R
Published: December 2022

The measured of 210Po concentration in the commercially fish muscle has been conducted in fish species collected in southern coast of Sukabumi in 2021. 210Po is a natural occurring radionuclide from the 238U series in the environment and become a concern due to radiotoxic effect for the health of consumers. This study aims to determine the concentration activity of 210Po and to evaluate the annual effective dose of 210Po on fishery products in southern coast Sukabumi. There were ten different species of marine fish were analyzed using an alpha spectrometer. The results showed that the highest concentration of 210Po activity was in a common dolphinfish at 13.57 ± 2.03 Bq Kg−1 dry weight. This activity value was exceeded tolerable limits as reported by the global recommended concentration of 210Po for fish was about 2.4 Bq Kg−1. The lowest concentration of 210Po was found in Pink ear emperor fish at 0.18 ± 0.10 Bq Kg−1 of dry weight, which below minimum threshold of limit concentration activity. The results of the investigation that the average effective dose from one year fish consumption in Sukabumi for adult consumers ranged from 1.05-112 (µSv/a), children (10 years) ranged from 2.27 – 243 (µSv/a), and infant consumers (1 year) ranged from 7.67 – 821 (µSv/a). The annual dose from 210Po intake in the recent study are lower from reference level of 1 mSv, therefore 210Po was not become a concern.
Analysis of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) concentration in Tawes Fish Barbonymus gonionotus (Bleeker, 1850) in Lakes of Tempe, Sidenreng and Lapompakka, South Sulawesi
Authors: Rahim Sri Wahyuni , Sriramadani Nurul , Kudsiah Hadiratul , Suwarni  , Nadiarti  , Yanuarita Dewi
Published: December 2022

Tempe, Sidenreng and Lapompakka lakes have potential fisheries. One species mostly consumed is Tawes, Barbonymus gonionotus. Household waste, and industrial and agricultural activities around the lake are suspected to be the source of metal pollution to these lakes and their organism, particularly of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). This study aim to analyze the lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) concentration in Tawes, Barbonymus gonionotus and to determine whether this Tawes species is still safe to be consumed. Total samples collected were 54 fish. The Pb and Cd concentration was determined from the fish flesh and analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method and presented descriptively. The results showed that the concentrations of Pb and Cd in this species of all three lakes were not detected. Based on the quality standards for metal contamination of Pb and Cd in the fish and its processed products according to SNI (2011), the concentrations of Pb and Cd in the three lakes have not exceeded the standard, meaning that Tawes fish is still suitable for consumption.
Phytoremediation test of aquatic plant species in Lake Ledulu Rote Island (Indonesia) using neutron activation analysis
Authors: Nugraha Media Fitri Isma , Yusuf Saeful , Mulyaningsih Th Rina , Subehi Luki , Julzarika Atriyon , Kayat  , Yustiawati  , Imroatushshoolikhah  , Sofiyuddin Hanhan A
Published: December 2022

Ledulu Lake is one of the lakes in the Rote Ndao Region. Lake Ledulu was formed in the Quaternary period with Cenozoic constituents and Neogene deposits based on geological formations. The formations found in the Lake area are sediment, chemical, limestone. The purpose of this study was to measure the metal content in the lake water and its absorption by aquatic vegetation in the ecosystem of Ledulu lake, using Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) technique. NAA is one of the modern methods that is able to measure the level of heavy metal uptake in aquatic biota (water animals and aquatic plants). The metal content in the water of the lake (mg/L) is: Bromine 405.06, Calcium 7,195.66, Cerium 9.10, Cobalt 2.43, Chromium 45.90, Lanthanum 12.07, Magnesium 1,189.93, Sodium 24,382.31. Aquatic plants that absorb heavy metals in lake Ledulu are Panicum sp, Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H.Hara, Ottelia alismoides (L) pers, Najas sp, Ipomea aquatica Forssk, Pontederia korsakowii (Regel & Maack) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn, Callitriche sp, Bacopa monnierii, and Nymphaea alba L. Sodium is not absorbed by Panicum sp, Ludwigia adsendence (L), and Nymphaea alba. Lanthanum is only absorbed by Panicum sp and Callitriche sp. All other elements can be absorbed by aquatic plants in the Ledulu lake ecosystem with different absorption concentrations.
Manihot esculenta tuber microcrystalline cellulose and woven bamboo fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites: mechanical, hydrophobic and wear behavior
Authors: Gugulothu Bhiksha , Nagabhooshanam N , Arun M , Vinayaka N , Patil Pravin P , Murthy K V S R
Published: December 2022

In this research Manihot esculenta (cassava) tuber stem microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and woven bamboo fiber (WBF) reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) composites are prepared and tested. The main aim of this study was to synthesis the microcrystalline cellulose from Manihot esculenta tuber stem and investigate the mechanical, wear and hydrophobic properties of UP resin composite made using MCC and WBF. The laminated composites were prepared by the hand layup method and characterized according to ASTM standards. According to the results, the composite containing 40 vol% of WBF increased the tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, interlaminar shear strength, Izod impact as well as hardness by 39%, 10%, 42%, 27%, 1%, 91%, and 1%, respectively as compare to pure polyester resin composites. In comparison to all composites, the composite with 4 vol% of MCC exhibits the lowest sp. wear rate of 0.011 mm3/Nm. The water absorption contact angle indicated that all composite designations had a wider contact angle of more than 70°, which indicates a stronger hydrophobicity of composites. The SEM fractography reveals improved bonding and toughness for 4 vol% of MCC and WBF reinforced UP composites. Such mechanically stronger, wear resistance, as well as high hydrophobic composites, could be used in aerospace, automobile, defence and industrial sector.
Experimental studies on wear and corrosion resistance of pulse electrodeposited Ni-TiO2 nanocomposite coatings on AISI 304 stainless steel
Authors: V Suresh , A Jegan
Published: December 2022

Nickel-nano titanium oxide (Ni-TiO2) composite coatings were developed on stainless steel 304 substrate using pulsed electro-deposition technique. Experiments were carried out employing

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orthogonal array, taking current density, frequency, and duty cycle as prime parameters. Coating characterization was done using FESEM with EDAX and XRD. Applying the Response Surface Methodology optimization method, the optimized values of the parameters were identified as duty cycle, frequency and current density with values of 24%, 10 Hz and 0.6 A cm−2 respectively. Vickers micro-hardness, surface roughness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance were measured initially for the as-coated sample. The sample that yielded the optimum parameters was then heat treated for an hour at 400 °C in a closed furnace and quenched in SAE 40 grade oil. Test results of post heat-treated sample produced maximum micro-hardness of 446.45Hv, reduced surface roughness of 0.292 μm, superior wear rate of 3.20E−07 mm3 N−1-m−1 and corrosion protection efficiency of 94.52% of Ni-TiO2 coating at low frequency, along with enhanced wear and corrosion resistance as compared with the as-coated sample.
The nexus of carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, and urbanization in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alajlan Naif , Alreshaidi Amirah
Published: December 2022

Saudi Arabia has implemented its ambitious and comprehensive national strategy, i.e., Saudi Vision 2030, to achieve major economic, social, and environmental objectives. The main aim of this paper is to study the Granger causality relationships between economic growth, environmental degradation, and urbanization in Saudi Arabia over the period from 1985 to 2019. At first, Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests were applied in order to check the stationarity of the panel time-series data. Since the data were of mixed order of integration I(0) and I(1), the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework was employed to perform the statistical analysis. Then, the short- and long-run relationships were evaluated using the bounds test for cointegration applied on the Error Correction Models (ECMs) for GDP, CO2 emissions, and urbanization as the dependent variables. Furthermore, the direction and significance of causality were estimated in the ARDL/ECM framework. In addition, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis was examined for the sample data. To assess the generalization capability of the findings in this study, robustness and diagnostic tests were applied. In the long-run, the empirical findings indicate that 1% increase in economic growth Granger caused 0.15% increase in CO2 emissions and 0.006% decrease in urbanization. Whereas 1% increase in urbanization Granger caused 2.5% increase in the economic growth. In the short-run, a unidirectional causal relationship existed from economic growth to both CO2 emissions and urbanization with 1% increase in GDP Granger caused 0.3% and 0.004% increases in CO2 emissions and urbanization, respectively. Finally, policy recommendations were presented in light of the Saudi Vision 2030.
Lived Experiences of Special Schools in England: Key Considerations for Social Work Practice
Authors: Smith Julia , Lynes Mark , English-Peach Charles Mark , Sealey Clive
Published: December 2022

This article presents the lived experiences of attending special education schools in England from the perspectives of three individuals over different times and for different reasons. The focus on the lived experiences is to detail the real-life impact that attending special schools can have on individuals. The accounts highlight that whilst all the individuals had positive experiences from attending special schools, a recurring negative theme from all three individuals is that of a pervading sense of low expectations. The accounts detail the long-term impact of this recurring negative theme for the individuals, and key considerations for social work in the context of the increased use of special schools through the practice of Education Health and Care plans.
Modeling environment through a general exposome factor in two independent adolescent cohorts
Authors: Moore Tyler M , Visoki Elina , Argabright Stirling T , Didomenico Grace E , Sotelo Ingrid , Wortzel Jeremy D , Naeem Areebah , Gur Ruben C , Gur Raquel E , Warrier Varun , Guloksuz Sinan , Barzilay Ran
Published: December 2022

Exposures to perinatal, familial, social, and physical environmental stimuli can have substantial effects on human development. We aimed to generate a single measure that capture’s the complex network structure of the environment (ie, exposome) using multi-level data (participant’s report, parent report, and geocoded measures) of environmental exposures (primarily from the psychosocial environment) in two independent adolescent cohorts: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study, N = 11 235; mean age, 10.9 years; 47.7% females) and an age- and sex-matched sample from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC, N = 4993). We conducted a series of data-driven iterative factor analyses and bifactor modeling in the ABCD Study, reducing dimensionality from 348 variables tapping to environment to six orthogonal exposome subfactors and a general (adverse) exposome factor. The general exposome factor was associated with overall psychopathology (B = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.26-0.3) and key health-related outcomes: obesity (odds ratio [OR] , 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.5) and advanced pubertal development (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5). A similar approach in PNC reduced dimensionality of environment from 29 variables to 4 exposome subfactors and a general exposome factor. PNC analyses yielded consistent associations of the general exposome factor with psychopathology (B = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.13-0.17), obesity (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6), and advanced pubertal development (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1-1.6). In both cohorts, inclusion of exposome factors greatly increased variance explained in overall psychopathology compared with models relying solely on demographics and parental education (from <4% to >38% in ABCD; from <4% to >18.5% in PNC). Findings suggest that a general exposome factor capturing multi-level environmental exposures can be derived and can consistently explain variance in youth’s mental and general health.
Anaerobic degradation of thiobencarb by mixed culture of isolated bacteria
Authors: Duc Ha Danh
Published: December 2022

Thiobencarb is a highly effective thiocarbamate herbicide frequently used in rice fields globally. In this study, three bacterial strains (Dechloromonas sp. Th1, Thauera sp. Th2, and Azoarcus sp. Th3) isolated from immobilized biomass were analyzed for thiobencarb degradation under anaerobic conditions, with nitrate serving as an electron acceptor. The experimental results showed that thiobencarb was transformed by Dechloromonas sp. Th1 and Thauera sp. Th2 to produce high concentrations of metabolites in a mineral medium. Dechloromonas sp. Th1 dechlorinated the herbicide to benzyl mercaptan, which was then degraded by Thauera sp. Th2 and Azoarcus sp. Th3. Azoarcus sp. Th3 effectively degraded intermediates, i.e. 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol, 4-chlorobenzoic acid, and benzoic acid, produced from the degradation by Dechloromonas sp. Th1 and Thauera sp. Th2. The cross-feeding, nutrient sharing, and cooperation of all isolates in the degradation process decreased the concentrations of intermediate products. The determination of the degradation kinetics showed that the utilization in the exponential phase of the mixed bacteria was consistent with the Michaelis–Menten model, with a maximum degradation rate of 1.56 ± 0.16 µM day−1. This study showed the degradation mechanisms in bacteria and the synergistic process in the degradation of thiobencarb and its metabolites.
Multimorbidity and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Contextual Approach
Authors: Mindlis Irina , Revenson Tracey A , Erblich Joel , Fernández Sedano Brandon
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives

Among older adults, depressive symptoms increase with each chronic illness; however, specific disease-related stressors (e.g., pain) and contextual moderators (interpersonal, sociocultural, temporal) of this relationship remain understudied. We explored disease-related stressors associated with depressive symptoms and moderating effects of contextual factors on this relationship, guided by a social ecological framework.

Research Design and Methods

Adults ≥62 years with multimorbidity (n = 366) completed validated scales assessing diagnoses, disease-related stressors (pain intensity, subjective cognitive function, physical function, somatic symptoms), and depressive symptoms. Moderators included age, expectations regarding aging, perceived social support, and difficulty affording medications. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Results

Participants were 62–88 years old, with several comorbidities (M = 3.5; range: 2–9). As hypothesized, disease-related stressors were associated with depressive symptoms (b = 0.64, SE = 0.04, p < .001). The effect of disease-related stressors on depressive symptoms was greater among those reporting low social support (B = 0.70, SE = 0.06, p < .001) than for those reporting high social support (B = 0.46, SE = 0.06, p < .001). The negative effect of disease-related stressors on depressive symptoms was stronger for those with poorer expectations of aging (B = 0.68, SE = 0.07, p < .001), compared to those with more positive expectations (B = 0.47, SE = 0.06, p < .001). Age and difficulties affording medications were not significant moderators.

Discussion and Implications

Garnering social support and addressing low expectations for aging may prevent the detrimental effect of multimorbidity on mental health.
A Fatal Case Report of Barium Chloride Toxicity
Authors: Copeland Caroline S , Rock Kirsten L , Pinhal Andreia , Chapman Robert C , Chilcott Robert P
Published: December 2022

Barium is an alkaline earth metal whose toxicity is dictated by its compounded salt form: barium sulfate is insoluble and safe to ingest, but other barium salts (chloride, carbonate, sulfide, oxide and acetate) are bioavailable and therefore toxic when ingested. There have been 49 previous reports of fatal intoxications following barium consumption: 38 deemed accidental in nature, 8 suicidal, 1 homicidal and 2 of undetermined intent. In this report, we detail the first intentional fatal self-poisoning with barium chloride to be reported in the UK, along with a review of the surrounding literature. This is the first case to report quantified levels of barium in blood and vitreous humor, and by providing details of sample collection, storage and processing, this case will aid in future interpretations.
From sentiment to style: Charles Stewart Parnell’s rhetoric in the first crisis of the UK
Authors: Biagini Eugenio , Geoghegan Patrick , Hanley Hugh , Jones Aneirin , Jones Huw
Published: December 2022

Charles Stewart Parnell was the dominant Irish political figure of the late-nineteenth century. His campaigns for land reform and Home Rule changed Ireland’s relationship with Britain and reshaped north-south relations on the island. Despite his remarkable stature and influence, his legacy continues to be contested among scholars and his political stance is widely described as an ‘enigma’. His speeches were the main instrument through which he mobilized and polarized opinion throughout the Anglo-world, yet they have never been edited or even collected, and their impact—always presumed to be considerable—has not been studied in any systematic way. In this article, we describe the application of a combination of sentiment analysis (SA) and topic modelling to Parnell’s speeches to investigate how, when, and why he used emotive language, and which topics were utilized in the emotional manipulation of his audience. We will discuss the issues which arose in our experiments and how adopting a more nuanced approach to language could provide solutions to these challenges. We will also talk about how our investigation lead us away from ‘pure’ SA (i.e. positive or negative attitudes towards a particular aspect) and towards ‘style’ as a better framework for understanding and comparing the texts of the speeches. Finally, we will outline our plans for further work in this area.
The US Department of Veterans Affairs Science and Health Initiative to Combat Infectious and Emerging Life-Threatening Diseases (VA SHIELD): A Biorepository Addressing National Health Threats
Authors: Harley John B , Pyarajan Saiju , Partan Elizabeth S , Epstein Lauren , Wertheim Jason A , Diwan Abhinav , Woods Christopher W , Davey Victoria , Blair Sharlene , Clark Dennis H , Kaufman Kenneth M , Khan Shagufta , Chepelev Iouri , Devine Alexander , Cameron Perry , McCann Monica F , Ammons Mary Cloud B , Bolz Devin D , Battles Jane K , Curtis Jeffrey L , Holodniy Mark , Marconi Vincent C , Searles Charles D , Beenhouwer David O , Brown Sheldon T , Moorman Jonathan P , Yao Zhi Q , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C , Mohapatra Shyam , Molina De Rodriguez Osmara Y , Padiernos Emerson B , McIndoo Eric R , Price Emily , Burgoyne Hailey M , Robey Ian , Schwenke Dawn C , Shive Carey L , Przygodzki Ronald M , Ramoni Rachel B , Krull Holly K , Bonomo Robert A
Published: December 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has demonstrated the need to share data and biospecimens broadly to optimize clinical outcomes for US military Veterans.

Methods

In response, the Veterans Health Administration established VA SHIELD (Science and Health Initiative to Combat Infectious and Emerging Life-threatening Diseases), a comprehensive biorepository of specimens and clinical data from affected Veterans to advance research and public health surveillance and to improve diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities.

Results

VA SHIELD now comprises 12 sites collecting de-identified biospecimens from US Veterans affected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, 2 biorepository sites, a data processing center, and a coordinating center have been established under the direction of the Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development. Phase 1 of VA SHIELD comprises 34 157 samples. Of these, 83.8% had positive tests for SARS-CoV-2, with the remainder serving as contemporaneous controls. The samples include nasopharyngeal swabs (57.9%), plasma (27.9%), and sera (12.5%). The associated clinical and demographic information available permits the evaluation of biological data in the context of patient demographics, clinical experience and management, vaccinations, and comorbidities.

Conclusions

VA SHIELD is representative of US national diversity with a significant potential to impact national healthcare. VA SHIELD will support future projects designed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 and other emergent healthcare crises. To the extent possible, VA SHIELD will facilitate the discovery of diagnostics and therapeutics intended to diminish COVID-19 morbidity and mortality and to reduce the impact of new emerging threats to the health of US Veterans and populations worldwide.
Being
Authors: van Inwagen Peter
Published: December 2022

This book presents and defends a large number of theses in ontology and meta-ontology. The meta-ontological theses are broadly Quinean: that existence or being is what is expressed by the existential quantifier of formal logic; that the variables the quantifiers bind are essentially third-person-singular pronouns; that the “ontological commitments” of a person or theory are best revealed when the sentences of the person or theory are translated into the quantifier-variable idiom. Much of the book is devoted to ontological, as opposed to meta-ontological, questions: Are there things that do not exist—or even things that have no sort of being whatever? Are there universals—or, more generally, abstract objects? What sort of thing is a property (quality, attribute…)? What are the ontological commitments of modal discourse? Are there possible worlds? If there are, do some of them contain “non-actual” individuals? (The meta-ontology severely constrains the ontology. For example, a non-actual but possible individual is an individual thing that might exist but does not. Therefore, non-actual individuals do not exist. That is to say, there aren’t any.) The book closes with the presentation and defense of an ontology consistent with everything said in the earlier parts of the book. The central thesis of this ontology is that everything belongs to one of two ontological categories, substance and relation. Relations are universals, and propositions are special kinds of relation. Special consideration is given to the absence of sets from the ontology.
Gender Wars and Gender in War
Authors: von Hlatky Stéfanie
Published: December 2022

Building on the argument that WPS norms have been adapted to suit military purposes, this chapter lays the intellectual groundwork for the book’s focus on gender and military operations. It starts with a discussion on the militarization of feminist ideas and explains how this came to be through policy debates and the experiences of two war-intensive decades after 9/11. It then examines the connection between gender representation, namely the long-standing debate about women’s integration into the military and gender analysis, which brings to the fore the social construction of women’s and men’s roles in conflict. For military organizations, a new narrative linking the participation of women with greater operational effectiveness naturally took hold, exemplified by female engagement teams.
Setting Norms
Authors: Belonick Paul
Published: December 2022

Chapter 3, “Setting Norms” addresses the objection that late ancient historians—almost none of whom wrote during the Republic’s lifetime—used restraint as little more than literary license, retrojection, regurgitated Greek philosophy, or pure Roman nostalgia. The chapter serves three functions: first, to attempt (given the paucity of contemporary evidence from Middle and Early Republic) to place the restraint values into Rome’s republican past by using exclusively sources and fragments contemporary with the action; second, to postulate the restraint norms’ provenance and path until the last half of the second century bc; and third, to situate the observations of the first two chapters into modern scholarly models of how the Republic functioned. It concludes that the restraint values, through contestation, exemplary traditions, and time, created a self-reinforcing, stabilizing group habitus that assumed a reasonably secure shape and function by the second century BC, by which point the values’ critical role in the republican schema, their concomitant symbolic currency, their pedigree, and their resulting place in the Romans’ habitual mental map together accounted for the Romans’ ubiquitous, ceaseless, near-obsession with them—that aspect of Roman rhetoric and culture long underexplained or discounted. The chapter ends by observing how restraint values support modern models of the Republic as a performative competition.
Restraint as Accelerator
Authors: Belonick Paul
Published: December 2022

Chapter 8, assesses in a close reading how in the final crisis of 50–49 bc all the major players were driven by irreconcilable visions of restraint-based legitimacy, for which no body of peers or the People themselves could provide a definitive verdict. At the moment of crisis, restraint logic was an accelerator, but not a brake. Caesar and Pompey tried to use the habitus’ restraint scripts to govern their relationship and present themselves to their audiences, touting their own temperantia, care for concordia, and moderation. Still, neither would cede to the other, let alone to the overwhelming majority of the Senate or to the People. The restraint norms prevented neither man from doing anything that he truly wished to do in his quest for dignitas, gloria, and honores. Rather, after the last long eighty years of contortion, no restraint pattern operated clearly enough to render either man ashamed, and no judge existed with the definitive moral standing to render either man victus consensu omnium. Instead, each man accused the other and his followers of being personally unrestrained and therefore personally utterly untrustworthy and inhuman. The values thus justified attack, disintegrated the judgment-group, and created deep mistrust that adherence to the regular republican system of elections and office distribution could produce anything but “tyranny.” No peaceful deference, consensus, or any normal institutional solution could resolve the irrational, emotional, fratricidal chaos that the restraint-based habitus propelled. The violence that followed at last snuffed out the republican system.
The Shape of Virtue
Authors: Woodruff Paul
Published: December 2022

This chapter addresses the problems that arise from taking virtue to be an ideal. How can such an approach be practical? In the spirit of Socrates, we need to say that we can seek to exercise virtue at a human level, using human wisdom. To do this we need to maintain the Socratic activity of self-questioning. We cannot rely on having reached a safe level of virtue, as human character is subject to tragic failures. Our lives are subject to the luck of factors outside our control that may give us a bad start, factors such as bad parenting. But the Socratic task of living toward virtue starts where luck leaves off. Socratic ethics does not ask us to look back to give ourselves (or others) praise or blame, but forward to seek education and improvement from whatever starting point luck has given us.
Human Wisdom
Authors: Woodruff Paul
Published: December 2022

In ethics, we need to be especially clear where to draw the line between what we know and what we do not know, and to have strategies for making judgments in our areas of ignorance. Failures of self-knowledge can damage an ethical life. Some grounding theories limit the considerations we bring to bear on judgments, and so we should avoid such theories. Recognizing our cognitive limits is a large part of what Socrates meant by “human wisdom.” Human wisdom turns out to be essential to what I call the virtues of imperfection—virtues we would not need if we were perfect cognitively and in other ways. Appendices to this chapter treat the rectification of names (a Confucian concept) and the nature of human wisdom as Socrates understands it.
A Primer of Ecological Aquaculture
Authors: Kültz Dietmar
Published: December 2022

Aquaculture exemplifies the ongoing global struggle to strike a sustainable balance between the conflicting needs of a large human world population, human health, ecosystem health, the welfare of wild and domesticated animals, and the economic principles of globalized economies. On the one hand, aquaculture has great potential for providing us with a healthy and nutritious food supply while alleviating pressure on captive fisheries and reducing fisheries-induced habitat destruction, overfishing, genetic modification of wild populations, and wholesale waste of bycatch. On the other hand, aquaculture relies heavily on clean water, an increasingly precious (and dwindling) resource that is subject to intense pressure of being used for many competing purposes. This book outlines basic concepts, opportunities, and challenges of aquaculture and emphasizes ecological considerations. It contrasts the many values and promises of aquaculture with their pitfalls, drawbacks, and challenges to develop a broad understanding of the general state of aquaculture and equip students with the knowledge they need to contribute to future advances in the field. It provides a critical assessment of current aquaculture practices using a broad, interdisciplinary perspective that emphasizes how best to align the two major (and often conflicting) goals of future aquaculture development: minimizing reliance on ecosystem services while maximizing productivity. Finally, it illustrates opportunities for achieving these goals by discussing specific examples of aquaculture species and practices that illustrate key concepts.