bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negotiating the “Middle-of-the-Road” Position: Paul Samuelson, Mit, and the Politics of Textbook Writing, 1945-55
Authors: Giraud Yann
Published: December 2014

Previous contributions to the history of economics have tried to assess Paul Samuelson’s political positioning by tracing it in the subsequent editions of his famous textbook Economics. By contrast, this article depicts the making of Economics itself as a political process. It argues that the “middle-of-the-road” position that Samuelson adopted in the book was consciously constructed by the MIT economist, with the help of his home institution and his publishing company McGraw-Hill, in response to conservative criticisms of the textbook and pressures from members of the Corporation—MIT’s Board of Trustees. Though Samuelson first intended to write a policy-oriented textbook with a strong Keynesian inclination, the changes he introduced, while keeping most of the substance, made it a more theoretically inclined text, in which policy recommendations were presented in a softened fashion. These events, far from being anecdotal, should rather be seen as foundational in the identity of what historians are trying to identify as “MIT economics.”
In the Kingdom of Solovia: The Rise of Growth Economics at Mit, 1956-70
Authors: Boianovsky Mauro , Hoover Kevin D.
Published: December 2014

From its flow tide, fueled by the Cold War, to its ebbing with the anti-growth movement and the economic crises of the early 1970s, the “growthmen” of MIT stood at the center of the dominant field in macroeconomics. The history of MIT growth economics is traced from Robert Solow’s seminal neoclassical growth model of 1956 through the stabilization of growth theory in the first graduate textbooks.
From Exploratory Modeling to Technical Expertise: Solow’s Growth Model as a Multipurpose Design
Authors: Halsmayer Verena
Published: December 2014

Combining concrete policy-oriented modeling strategies of World War II with what was received as traditional neoclassical theory, in 1956 Robert Solow constructed a simple, clean, and smooth-functioning “design” model that served many different purposes. As a working object, it enabled experimentation with utopian long-run equilibrium growth. As an instrument of measurement, it was applied to time-series data. As a prototype, it was supposed to feed into larger-scale econometric models that were, in turn, thought of as technologies for policy advice. Used as a teaching device, Solow’s design became a medium of “spreading the technique” and one of the symbols for neoclassical macroeconomics that soon became associated with MIT.
Financing Investment: The Choice Between Bonds and Bank Loans
Authors: Morellec Erwan , Valta Philip , Zhdanov Alexei
Published: December 2014

We build a model of investment and financing decisions to study the choice between bonds and bank loans in a firm’s marginal financing decision and its effects on corporate investment. We show that firms with more growth options, with higher bargaining power in default, operating in more competitive product markets, or facing lower credit supply are more likely to issue bonds. We also demonstrate that, by changing the cost of financing, these characteristics affect the timing of investment. We test these predictions using a sample of U.S. firms and present new evidence that supports our theory.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2005 .

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Polynomial Time Algorithms to Minimize Total Travel Time in a Two-Depot Automated Storage/Retrieval System
Authors: Gharehgozli Amir Hossein , Yu Yugang , Zhang Xiandong , Koster René de
Published: December 2014

We sequence storage and retrieval jobs to minimize total travel time of a storage/retrieval (S/R) machine in a two-depot automated storage/retrieval system. These systems include storage systems with aisle-captive S/R machines and storage blocks with bridge cranes. The S/R machine must move retrieval unit loads from their current locations in the system to one of the two depots. In addition, it must move storage unit loads from given depots to given locations in the system. We model the problem as an asymmetric traveling salesman problem, which is in general 𝒩𝒫-hard. We develop an algorithm to solve the problem in polynomial time, using the property that the system has two depots and the S/R machine always returns to one of the depots to pick up or deliver a load. Furthermore, we develop additional polynomial time algorithms for the following four special cases: (1) retrieval loads have to be delivered to given depots; (2) the system has one input depot and one output depot; (3) the system has a single depot; and (4) there are arbitrary S/R machine starting and ending locations. The computational results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Compared to first-come-first-served and nearest neighbor algorithms, commonly used in practice, the total travel time reduces on average by more than 30% and 15%, respectively.
Dementia series 2: how dementia affects the ability to communicate
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: December 2014

Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia affect a person's ability to communicate. Communication difficulties affect every aspect of a person's life. They can make it difficult for the person to communicate needs and preferences and affect the person's ability to interact with others ( Woodward, 2013 : Barnes and Surr, 2012 ). Communication difficulties can affect the person's quality of life and increase strain on care-givers. Understanding these communication difficulties enables care-givers to work with the person to minimise difficulties and maximise quality of life.
The clinical nurse specialist's role in chronic pain management services
Authors: Barrie Janette
Published: December 2014

Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) are valuable members of the multidisciplinary chronic pain team. This article will discuss the role of the CNS, who is required to undertake a range of activities and possess a wide portfolio of skills to support individuals to live with chronic pain. In addition, it will focus on how, in times of economic uncertainty and financial constraints, clinical nurse specialists within the field must articulate and demonstrate the value of their role and the service they provide.
Triple bypass: the implications of side-stepping NICE
Authors: Bennett Emily , Spoors John
Published: December 2014

Since its inception over a decade ago, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has evolved to become the central mechanism for determining value to the NHS for pharmaceutical products. Alternative mechanisms for funding products, such as the Cancer Drugs Fund, pose a potential clash in terms of approach for determining the availability and value of new pharmaceuticals. Against a backdrop of an NHS struggling for financial viability, this article looks at the implications of potentially side-stepping NICE. The cost per quality-adjusted life year approach is not perfect, but it is based upon a robust, transparent and established methodology which is intertwined with the utilitarian nature of the NHS. If alternative methods are being proposed, and a deviation from the health technology assessment model is going to become the status quo in the UK, it must be made clear how products will be selected for reimbursement and the manner in which value will be determined. The process used in France, in which drugs are recommended for reimbursement on the basis of a clinical assessment, might be appropriate for the UK if the clinical efficacy of drugs is to be the primary criterion for determining value.
Improving mental health support for young people
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: December 2014

Last month, the government announced a new strategy to improve the support and counselling available in primary and secondary schools for young people with mental health conditions. Dorothy Lepkowska looks at the importance of providing adequate and timely support.
Ebola virus disease: Guidance for school nurses
Authors: Beckett Gail , Wedgwood Kate
Published: December 2014

The current Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak is the largest one recorded. It is important that school nurses are familiar with public health guidance on EVD. This article provides a clinical overview of EVD, including symptoms and transmission, as well as public health information, such as risk assessment, and the steps that school nurses must take should any potential cases be suspected in children and young people in the UK.
Meeting identified needs: Innovation in practice, part 2
Authors: Sherwin Sarah , Rose Kerry , Worth Lisa
Published: December 2014

Being able to assess the health needs of children and young people and deliver appropriate health interventions in line with current policy is a central principle of school nursing practice. This series of articles looks at ideas and projects that have been developed by SCPHN School Nursing students.
Creating a steering group: The importance of networking
Authors: Menzies Alison
Published: December 2014

In her regular column, Alison Menzies shares her experiences as a research scholarship holder and on the development of an app aimed at young offenders.
Looking at ADHD in the context of the new SEN Code of Practice
Authors: Lloyd Tony
Published: December 2014

The new Special Educational Needs Code of Practice has had wide-ranging implications, but what does it mean for children with ADHD? Dr Tony Lloyd explains
Supporting children with Alström syndrome and their family
Authors: Leeson-Beevers Kerry
Published: December 2014

Alström Syndrome can have a serious impact on children and young people's health and wellbeing, it is therefore important that school nurses are aware of the condition. Kerry Leeson-Beevers provides an overview of the condition and available support.
Using motivational interviewing to support sexual health
Authors: Day Patricia
Published: December 2014

Sexual health is an important area of public health in which school nurses can play a major role. Patricia Day explains why she believes motivational interviewing can be a useful tool to support the sexual health of young people and provides a couple of case studies.
Looking at school nurses' roles in tackling overweight and obesity
Authors: ALBashtawy Mohammed , Alshloul Mohammed , Alkawaldeh Abdullah , Freij Mazen , AL-Rawajfah Omar , Gharaibeh Huda , Almansi Shaheerha , Alghzawi Hamzah , Al-Khateeb Akef , Tawalbeh Loai , Batiha Abdul-Monim , Al-Rshoud Yahya
Published: December 2014

Obesity is a global issue and school nurses across the world can play an important role in preventing and reducing overweight and obesity in school-aged children and young people. This article provides an overview of their multi-faceted role.
Preventing vitamin D deficiency in children in the UK
Authors: Sahota Jaskiran Kaur , Shaw Nicholas
Published: December 2014

Vitamin D is essential for healthy bones and optimizes good health and growth. In the UK, vitamin D deficiency in children is recognized as a growing problem; this is concerning as the condition is preventable. Vitamin D deficiency can cause seizures and cardiomyopathy in infants, rickets in children and muscle weakness at any age. Few foods naturally contain vitamin D; therefore, the main source is sun exposure. During the winter, between the months of October to April, the UK population does not produce adequate vitamin D, owing to the lack of ultraviolet B (UVB) spectrum from sunlight. There is a clear need for health professionals to focus on strategies for prevention to reduce the number of children presenting with vitamin D deficiency. Primary prevention is vital; health professionals should advise safe sun exposure and a dietary intake rich in vitamin D and calcium, and recommend that high-risk groups take a multivitamin supplement containing vitamin D.
The pharmacology of oral antidiabetic agents
Authors: Laight David
Published: December 2014

The therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus is symptomatic—the immediate treatment goal remains the day-to-day management of hyperglycaemia and the restoration of glycaemic control. This is preferably achieved with minimal risk of hypoglycaemia and without further weight gain in subjects who are often obese. Principal treatment goals for successful long-term glucose management include reduced comorbidities and mortality (particularly through reduced mirco-, and, to some extent, macrovascular risk) along with an alleviation of any presenting diabetic symptomology, including susceptibility to infection, fatigue, thirst and polyuria. To this end, a chemically diverse range of oral antidiabetic agents can be used, singly or in combination, against a range of molecular targets in an attempt to: limit or delay glucose absorption from the gut (with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, anti-absorptive ‘starch blockers’); enhance pancreatic insulin release (using sulphonylurea and glinide class insulin secretagogues, as well as the gliptin class incretin enhancers); depress hepatic glucose production (principally with the biguanide class, but also with the use of glitazones and gliptins); enhance peripheral insulin sensitivity/insulin receptor signalling (with the glitazone and biguanide classes); and most recently, prevent glucose reabsorption from the renal filtrate (with the novel gliflozin class of glucose ‘wasters’).
Financial Performance of a Mobile Pyrolysis System Used to Produce Biochar from Sawmill Residues
Authors: Kim Dongyeob , Anderson Nathaniel McLean , Chung Woodam
Published: December 2014

Primary wood products manufacturers generate significant amounts of woody biomass residues that can be used as feedstocks for distributed-scale thermochemical conversion systems that produce valuable bioenergy and bioproducts. However, private investment in these technologies is driven primarily by financial performance, which is often unknown for new technologies with limited industrial deployment. In this paper, we use shift-level production data collected during a 25-day field study to characterize the conversion rate and system productivity and costs for a commercially available pyrolysis system co-located at a sawmill, and then evaluate the net present value (NPV) of the operation in light of a cost structure that is realistic for the industry. Baseline costs on a feedstock throughput basis were estimated as $16.41 t−1 for feedstock preparation, $308.14 t−1 for conversion, and $65.99 t−1 for biochar bagging. The NPV estimated for the worst-case scenario of observed productivity and conversion rate was −$536,031 for a 10-year project period, while the best case scenario generated an NPV of $467,353. In general, NPV is highly sensitive to labor costs and biochar price, and less sensitive to fuel cost and interest rate. Results also show clear opportunities for technical and operational improvements that are expected to increase the financial viability of this system.
A Review and Qualitative Evaluation of Southern Yellow Pine in Japanese Housing and Decking Markets
Authors: Sasatani Daisuke , Zhang Daowei
Published: December 2014

The current status of southern yellow pine (SYP) lumber use in the Japanese housing and construction markets is reviewed and compared with other Asian markets. We look into the lack of SYP lumber penetration in the Japanese construction markets, approaching the topic from the perspective of regulations, product quality, awareness, and marketing. Finally, the analyses suggest how SYP producers can penetrate the Japanese market and develop increased demand for SYP products.
Evaluation of Allele-Specific PCR and Immunohistochemistry for the Detection of BRAF V600E Mutations in Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: Brown Noah A. , Betz Bryan L. , Weigelin Helmut C. , Elenitoba-Johnson Kojo S. J. , Lim Megan S. , Bailey Nathanael G.
Published: December 2014

Objectives:

Detection of BRAF V600E mutations in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) has important diagnostic utility. In this study, we sought to compare immunohistochemistry with an antibody specific for this mutation to a sensitive molecular assay.

Methods:

The performance of the BRAF V600E–specific VE1 antibody was compared with that of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 22 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens with HCL involvement, along with nine splenic marginal zone lymphomas (SMZLs), 10 follicular lymphomas (FLs), 10 mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs), and 10 chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphomas (CLL/SLLs). An additional 11 SMZLs, 100 FLs, 20 MCLs, 83 CLL/SLL specimens, and 49 reactive tonsils within tissue microarrays were stained with VE1.

Results:

A BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 17 (77.3%) of 22 HCL cases by PCR. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated VE1 staining in 20 (90.9%) cases, identifying low-level (~1%) involvement in three HCL cases that were mutation negative by PCR. Evaluation of additional material from these patients confirmed the presence of BRAF V600E. Thirty-nine non-HCL cases were negative by both methods. Within tissue microarrays, weak false-positive staining was observed in two (0.8%) of 263 non-HCL cases.

Conclusions:

VE1 immunohistochemistry is more sensitive than allele-specific PCR in FFPE bone marrow specimens and can be applied to decalcified core biopsy specimens that are not appropriate for molecular techniques.
Measurement of Circulating Cell-Free DNA Levels by a Simple Fluorescent Test in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Agassi Ravit , Czeiger David , Shaked Gad , Avriel Avital , Sheynin Jony , Lavrenkov Konstantin , Ariad Samuel , Douvdevani Amos
Published: December 2014

Objectives:

To evaluate circulating cell-free DNA (CFD) measured by a simple fluorescent assay as a biomarker of breast cancer.

Methods:

We enrolled 38 patients with breast cancer before surgery, two patients with noncancerous breast lesions, nine patients after surgery, 16 healthy participants, and 29 control women admitted to the hospital emergency ward and released without hospitalization. CFD levels were measured by a direct fluorescence assay.

Results:

Presurgery patients with cancer had elevated CFD levels (1,010 ± 642 ng/mL), which were higher than those measured in the healthy control group (395 ± 248 ng/mL, P < .001), the noncancer breast lesion group (386 ± 40 ng/mL), the nonhospitalized control group (492 ± 193 ng/mL, P < .001), and the postsurgery cancer group (398 ± 162 ng/mL, P < .01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the presurgery vs healthy patient group was 0.83. CFD levels correlated with tumor size (P = .03, ρ = 0.36), nodal involvement (P = .0003, ρ = 0.56), and TNM stage (P = .0002, ρ = 0.56). All patients with axillary node involvement had a CFD value greater than 600 ng/mL.

Conclusions:

CFD measured using a simple fluorometric assay has shown good correlation to stage and enhanced sensitivity to locally advanced disease. A large prospective study is warranted to evaluate if inclusion of this method as a decisive marker before mammography is advantageous.
Editorial: Human rights at the border
Authors: Molland Sverre
Published: December 2014

It is with great honour that I introduce the second issue of the Anti-Trafficking Review (ATR). The first issue received an overwhelming response and has placed the journal at the forefront of rigorous analysis and debate relating to human trafficking and human rights. It raised the topic of accountability in anti-trafficking. This issue hopes to further strengthen the ATR’s position as a global, reputable journal on human trafficking.Strengthening the quality of research, analysis, and reflexivity in the trafficking sector is much needed, and I echo Anne Gallagher’s observation as guest editor of the first issue that standards in anti-trafficking research tend to be less rigorous than in other fields of study. My aim as a guest editor is to contribute to addressing this shortfall by bringing together a set of diverse and insightful articles focussing on the nexus of borders and human rights. It is also my hope that this issue will work towards narrowing the divide between practitioners and academics in anti-trafficking. This is reflected in the varied range of contributors. The last few years have witnessed a significant increase in publishing relating to human trafficking worldwide. However, there is limited measured debate and appraisal of this literature within the anti-trafficking sector. For this reason we have decided to include a book review as a way of highlighting recent major publications.The question of borders, migration control, trafficking and human rights raise contested and controversial questions. The editorial team has attempted to include different perspectives, reflected in the debate section in particular. Needless to say, all papers have been subject to double blind peer review.
Epidermal growth factor/epidermal growth factor receptor signaling axis is a significant regulator of the proteasome expression and activity in colon cancer cells
Authors: Ellina Maria-Ioanna , Bouris Panagiotis , Kletsas Dimitrios , Aletras Alexios J. , Karamanos Nikos K.
Published: December 2014

Colon cancer is the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a crucial role in the (patho)physiology of the disease. EGFR controls vital cellular processes, while this action is associated with poor prognosis. In addition, K-Ras mutations are associated with the promotion of the disease and the anti-EGFR resistance. The ubiquitin-proteasome system also plays a very important role in cancer, modulating the cell cycle and other cellular processes such as the growth and the survival of cancer cells. Proteasome inhibition affects, in several cases, the action and the protein levels of EGFR. Nevertheless, little is known whether the reversed option is possible. In this study, we therefore investigated the impact of EGF/EGFR signaling axis on gene expression and the proteolytic activity of the proteasome subunits, as well as whether nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), an activator of proteasome expression, plays a role in this process. Moreover, we evaluated whether EGF regulates the expression of its own receptor and the proliferation rate of DLD-1 (K-Ras-mutated) colon cancer cells. The obtained data showed that although EGF has no significant effect on the proliferation of DLD-1 colon cancer cells, it significantly upregulates the expression of EGFR as well as the expression and the activity of the proteasome, suggesting that the EGF-mediated proteasome activation could possibly lead to enhanced EGFR degradation, leading to auto-regulation of EGF-EGFR pathway. Nrf2 activation did not induce proteasome gene expression.
School Experiences of an Adolescent with Medical Complexities Involving Incontinence
Authors: Filce Hollie Gabler , Bishop John B.
Published: December 2014

The educational implications of chronic illnesses which involve incontinence are not well represented in the literature. The experiences of an adolescent with multiple complex illnesses, including incontinence, were explored via an intrinsic case study. Data were gathered from the adolescent, her mother, and teachers through interviews, email correspondence and school documentation over four months. Analytic memo writing was used to promote reflexivity and address researcher subjectivity. Three prominent themes emerged. There were excessive absences from school which were not always due to the physical implications of the student’s incontinence. Some absences were attributed to fear of accidents at school or even fabricated by the student to avoid attendance. Next, an incomplete and inconsistent support and communication system was found which contributed to academic underachievement. Finally, the persona presented by the student led to inaccurate assumptions by school personnel and sometimes her mother regarding her ability to cope with her condition.
Intergenerational Income Mobility in Taiwan: Evidence from TS2SLS and Structural Quantile Regression
Authors: Kan Kamhon , Li I-Hsin , Wang Ruei-Hua
Published: December 2014

We estimate intergenerational income mobility in Taiwan, employing repeated cross-sectional data. We find that the father–son, father–daughter, mother–son and mother–daughter income elasticities-at-40 are around 0.18, 0.23, 0.50 and 0.54, respectively. Moreover, the mother–child income elasticity increases slightly over children’s birth year, while the father–child elasticity is stable, but we do not find any time trend in elasticities. Since mean-regression results may not be informative in fast growing economies, we estimate relative mobility via structural quantile regression models. The results indicate that parents’ income affects children’s income mainly through the propagation of children’s income shocks, rather than affecting the level directly.
An Analysis of a Standard Reactor Cascade and a Step-Feed Reactor Cascade for Biological Processes Described by Monod Kinetics
Authors: Sidhu Harvinder S. , Nelson Mark Ian , Balakrishnan Easwaran
Published: December 2014

We analyse the steady-state operation of two types of reactor cascade without recycle. The first is a standard reactor cascade in which the feed stream enters into the first reactor. The second is a step-feed reactor cascade in which an equal proportion of the feed stream enters each reactor in the cascade. The reaction is assumed to be a biological process governed by Monod growth kinetics with a decay coefficient for the microorganisms. The steady-states of both models are found for an arbitrary number of reactors and their stability determined as a function of the residence time. We show that in a step-feed reactor cascade the substrate and biomass concentrations leaving the reactor of the cascade are identical to those leaving the first reactor of the cascade. We further show that this result is true for a general specific growth rate of the form μ (S,X). Thus for such processes the non-standard cascade offers no advantage over that of a single reactor. This is surprising because the use of a non-standard cascade has been proposed as a mechanism to improve the biological treatment of wastewater.
Unexpected clinical features in a female patient with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) deficiency
Authors: Özen Samim , Özcan Nurhan , Uçar Sema Kalkan , Gökşen Damla , Darcan Şükran
Published: December 2014

Loss of function mutations of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene results in adrenal insufficiency, early-onset hyperphagic obesity, and red hair. However, neuromotor retardation with POMC deficiency has not been reported before.

We report a female patient whose initial diagnosis was neurometabolic disease because of motor mental retardation, ataxia, and bilateral hyperintense lesions in the basal ganglia in cranial magnetic resonance imaging, increased lactate-lipid peak in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. She was consulted due to rapid weight gain, obesity, and episodes of hypoglycemia and homozygous mutation (c.64delA) in

Severe motor mental retardation and cranial magnetic resonance imagingpathology in patients with POMC deficiency have not been reported previously in the literature. Bilateral hyperintense lesions in the basal ganglia and the increased lactate-lipid peak was thought to be the result of recurrent hypoglycemia.
Eating behavior, weight problems and eating disorders in 101 long-term survivors of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma
Authors: Hoffmann Anika , Postma Frank P. , Sterkenburg Anthe S. , Gebhardt Ursel , Müller Hermann L.
Published: December 2014

As a result of hypothalamic involvement and/or treatment-related hypothalamic damage, up to 75% of childhood craniopharyngioma patients develop hypothalamic obesity.

Eating behavior was analyzed in 101 survivors of childhood craniopharyngioma, recruited from 1980 to 2001 in the HIT-Endo multicenter study, and in 85 body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls using the Inventory for Eating Behavior and Weight Problems (IEG) and the Inventory for Eating Disorders (ESI).

Severely obese patients (BMI>8 SD; n=9) presented with pathological eating behavior, more weight problems, and eating disorders, as compared to obese (BMI 3–8 SD; n=44) and normal or overweight patients (BMI<3 SD; n=48). Craniopharyngioma patients with different degrees of obesity showed similar or even less pathological findings as compared to BMI-matched normal controls.

Severe obesity is associated with pathological eating behavior/disorders in craniopharyngioma patients. As these disorders are not disease-specific, risk factors for hypothalamic obesity should be the focus of further craniopharyngioma research.
Surgery for pediatric craniopharyngiomas: is less more?
Authors: Flitsch Jörg , Aberle Jens , Burkhardt Till
Published: December 2014

Surgery for craniopharyngiomas, especially in childhood and adolescence, has evolved from an era of aggressive strategies – with the primary goal of gross total removal and accepting an impaired functional outcome – to a more individually tailored therapy that avoids immediate treatment-related and long-term morbidity. Modern imaging techniques and a wider understanding of hypothalamic risk factors have led to surgical strategies adapted to the localization of these inhomogenously grown pathologies. Whereas purely infradiaphragmatic as well as supradiaphragmatic/infrachiasmatic tumors have a favorably surgical outcome with higher gross total resection rates in experienced hands, lesions within the third ventricle extending beyond the mammillary bodies remain a problem. The same is valid for lesions beyond 3 cm in diameter, more or less independent of their localization. Aside from the traditional microscopic approach via the subfrontal or pterional craniotomy, transsphenoidal approaches and other minimal invasive surgical methods, e.g., catheter implantation into cystic formations of the tumor have become popular. Radiotherapy, with its risks and limitations, can effectively be added to avoid recurrences. Nowadays, surgery as part of an interdisciplinary treatment strategy is still the typical first choice. However, taking the patient’s long-term prognosis into considertaion, the surgical complication rates have to be minimized.
Fetal nasal bone length in the second trimester: comparison between population groups from different ethnic origins
Authors: Papasozomenou Panayiota , Athanasiadis Apostolos P. , Zafrakas Menelaos , Panteris Eleftherios , Loufopoulos Aristoteles , Assimakopoulos Efstratios , Tarlatzis Basil C.
Published: December 2014

To compare normal ranges of ultrasonographically measured fetal nasal bone length in the second trimester between different ethnic groups.

A prospective, non-interventional study in order to establish normal ranges of fetal nasal bone length in the second trimester in a Greek population was conducted in 1220 singleton fetuses between 18 completed weeks and 23 weeks and 6 days of gestation. A literature search followed in order to identify similar studies in different population groups. Fetal nasal bone length mean values and percentiles from different population groups were compared.

Analysis of measurements in the Greek population showed a linear association, i.e., increasing nasal bone length with increasing gestational age from 5.73 mm at 18 weeks to 7.63 mm at 23 weeks. Eleven studies establishing normal ranges of fetal nasal bone length in the second trimester were identified. Comparison of fetal nasal bone length mean values between the 12 population groups showed statistically significant differences (P<0.0001).

Normal ranges of fetal nasal bone length in the second trimester vary significantly between different ethnic groups. Hence, distinct ethnic nomograms of fetal nasal bone length in the second trimester should be used in a given population rather than an international model.
Cardiovascular profile score in 44 fetuses with cervicofacial tumors
Authors: Zielinski Rafal , Respondek-Liberska Maria
Published: December 2014

Cervicofacial tumors are rarely detected by prenatal ultrasound, and prenatal counseling is very difficult as not much information is available about this problem in the literature, other than cases reports.

The aim of this study was to know if fetal echocardiography examination is helpful in those cases.

Forty-four fetuses with cervicofacial tumors detected

CVPS<8 was diagnosed in 10 fetuses (23%). Structural or functional cardiovascular anomalies were present in 17 fetuses (39%). The statistically significant correlation between the CVPS<8 and the poor outcome was confirmed (P<0.05).

We recommend fetal echocardiography and CVPS evaluation before counseling in fetuses with cervicofacial tumors as cardiovascular dysfunction diagnosed prenatally may seriously affect survival of the fetus as well as prenatal counseling and need for cardiac treatment.
Shared Agency in Modest Sociality
Authors: Ludwig Kirk
Published: December 2014

A contribution to a symposium on Michael Bratman, Shared Agency: A Planning Theory of Acting Together.
Effect of early-age freeze-thaw exposure on the mechanical performance of self-compacting repair mortars
Authors: Yalçınkaya Çağlar , Yazıcı Halit
Published: December 2014

Self-compacting repair mortar (SCRM) is a functional material for repair or retrofit applications. Industrial byproducts, such as fly ash (FA) or ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), can be used to reduce cement dosage and to obtain an eco-friendly material. However, these waste materials may cause durability problems at early ages as a result of curing sensitivity. In this study, the effects of high-volume FA and GGBFS replacement on early-age freeze-thaw (F-T) resistance of SCRM with and without steel microfibers were investigated. The mechanical properties, including fracture energy, were determined after F-T cycles. The fresh state properties and volume stability of the hardened specimens were studied. The results demonstrated that prolonged curing is essential to avoid the loss in mechanical properties due to F-T exposure. SCRM containing high-volume byproducts seem vulnerable to the effect of F-T at early ages, and this negative effect cannot be overcome with steel microfibers.
Spatializing Difference
Authors: Kezer Zeynep
Published: December 2014

Elazı, an eastern Anatolian province, became an internal border within Turkey in the 1930s, when neighboring Dersim’s historically autonomous Kurdish tribes rebelled against the Turkish state’s centralizing and assimilationist policies. The government responded with overwhelming force, destroying a third of the villages in the province, cordoning off Dersim, and forcibly evacuating survivors to western Turkey. Thereafter, travel beyond Elazı into this combat zone required special passport-like permits. Railroads, touted primarily as instruments of national integration and defense against foreign aggression, were in reality used to ferry troops into battle and Dersimis out of their homelands. New surveillance and communication technologies transformed the terrain into a highly militarized landscape. Despite formal similarities to their counterparts elsewhere in Turkey, Elazı’s state-run institutions engendered practices that reinforced ethnoreligious hierarchies. Zeynep Kezer describes this extraordinary concentration of the state apparatus between Dersim and Elazı during the early years of the Turkish Republic and explores the spatiality of borders as inhabited surfaces rather than linear formations in Spatializing Difference: The Making of an Internal Border in Early Republican Elazı, Turkey.
Exome Sequencing Identifies a Rare HSPG2 Variant Associated with Familial Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Baschal Erin E , Wethey Cambria I , Swindle Kandice , Baschal Robin M , Gowan Katherine , Tang Nelson L S , Alvarado David M , Haller Gabe E , Dobbs Matthew B , Taylor Matthew R G , Gurnett Christina A , Jones Kenneth L , Miller Nancy H
Published: December 2014

Idiopathic scoliosis occurs in 3% of individuals and has an unknown etiology. The objective of this study was to identify rare variants that contribute to the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis by using exome sequencing in a multigenerational family with idiopathic scoliosis. Exome sequencing was completed for three members of this multigenerational family with idiopathic scoliosis, resulting in the identification of a variant in the HSPG2 gene as a potential contributor to the phenotype. The HSPG2 gene was sequenced in a separate cohort of 100 unrelated individuals affected with idiopathic scoliosis and also was examined in an independent idiopathic scoliosis population. The exome sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics filtering resulted in 16 potentially damaging and rare coding variants. One of these variants, p.Asn786Ser, is located in the HSPG2 gene. The variant p.Asn786Ser also is overrepresented in a larger cohort of idiopathic scoliosis cases compared with a control population (P = 0.024). Furthermore, we identified additional rare HSPG2 variants that are predicted to be damaging in two independent cohorts of individuals with idiopathic scoliosis. The HSPG2 gene encodes for a ubiquitous multifunctional protein within the extracellular matrix in which loss of function mutation are known to result in a musculoskeletal phenotype in both mouse and humans. Based on these results, we conclude that rare variants in the HSPG2 gene potentially contribute to the idiopathic scoliosis phenotype in a subset of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Further studies must be completed to confirm the effect of the HSPG2 gene on the idiopathic scoliosis phenotype.
Überfällige Konvergenz von privatem und öffentlichem Recht der Anlageberatung
Authors: Freitag Robert
Published: December 2014

Seit dem 1. 8. 2014 hat eine beratende „Bank“ über sämtliche Innenprovisionen aufzuklären, die sie von dritter Seite für den Vertrieb bzw. die Erstellung des Anlageprodukts erhält, widrigenfalls sie den Anlegern auf Schadensersatz aus dem geschlossenen Beratungsvertrag haftet. Mit dieser Aussage und der für sie gegebenen Begründung bricht der BGH in zentralen Punkten mit der bisherigen Rechtsprechung: Das betrifft zum einen die praktisch bedeutsame Kernaussage zur Aufklärungspflicht über aus dem Anlagevermögen (und nicht aus dem Ausgabeaufschlag) geleistete „versteckte Innenprovisionen“. Insoweit hatte die Rechtsprechung eine Aufklärungspflicht bislang nur bejaht, wenn die Provision mindestens 15 % des Anlagebetrags ausmachte. Damit stehen Innenprovisionen in Bezug auf die Offenlegungspflichten den aus den Ausgabeaufschlägen finanzierten Rückvergütungen künftig gleich. Zur Begründung dieses Ergebnisses revidiert der BGH zum anderen zumindest im Ergebnis seine bislang ständig wiederholte These, dass Aufsichts- und Zivilrecht im Bereich der anlagerechtlichen Wohlverhaltensregeln weithin unverbunden nebeneinander stünden. Nunmehr geht er davon aus, dass die einschlägigen aufsichtsrechtlichen Regelungen den Inhalt des Beratungsvertrags determinieren. Beiden Aussagen könnte man an sich uneingeschränkt zustimmen, wiese die Entscheidungsbegründung nicht zahlreiche Ungereimtheiten auf und ergäben sich aus dem Judikat nicht zugleich allerlei klärungsbedürftige Folgefragen.
LA PUBLICACIÓN MULTILINGÜE COMO HERRAMIENTA LEGÍTIMA PARA AUMENTAR EL ACCESO A LA CIENCIA (versión original en español)
Authors: Aragón-Vargas Luis Fernando
Published: December 2014

La publicación redundante, que incluye el envío o la publicación del mismo manuscrito en dos o más idiomas, se considera una conducta científica inaceptable. Mientras tanto, la ejecución correcta de un proceso de publicación multilingüe ha sido una excepción difícil de manejar, en lugar de ser parte del proceso normal de publicación científica. Si bien es cierto que la publicación de un manuscrito en un segundo o tercer idioma no debería recibir el mismo crédito que la publicación original, tampoco debería ser castigada. Siempre y cuando se tomen los pasos necesarios y se hagan las declaraciones apropiadas, más bien debería ser algo que se promueva, pues se trata de una contribución que facilitará la comunicación científica y podría disminuir la brecha del conocimiento alrededor del mundo. En este documento se resumen las distintas formas de publicación multilingüe y se presentan algunas pautas básicas para la publicación válida del mismo manuscrito en distintos idiomas. TAMBIÉN DISPONIBLE EN INGLÉS Y PORTUGUÉS EN ESTA MISMA REVISTA.
MULTILINGUAL PUBLICATION AS A LEGITIMATE TOOL TO INCREASE ACCESS TO SCIENCE (English translated version)
Authors: Aragón-Vargas Luis Fernando
Published: December 2014

Duplicate publication, including the submission or publication of the same manuscript in two or more languages, is considered scientific misconduct. Meanwhile, properly conducted multilingual publication has been an exception difficult to deal with, rather than part of the normal scientific publishing process. While publication of a manuscript in a second or third language should not receive the same credit as the original publication, it should not be punished. Provided the appropriate disclosures and preliminary steps are taken, it should be highly encouraged instead, as it will enhance scientific communication and may reduce the knowledge gap around the world. Different types of multilingual publications are summarized and some basic guidelines are offered for the sanctioned publication of the same paper in multiple languages. ALSO AVAILABLE IN SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE FROM THIS JOURNAL.
Clinical nutrition therapy in patients with short bowel syndrome in line with principles of personalized medicine
Authors: Sahin Péter , Molnár Andrea , Varga Mária , Bíró Ilona , Kőmíves Csilla , Fejér Csaba , Futó Judit , Tomsits Erika , Topa Lajos
Published: December 2014

Home parenteral nutrition administered in selected care centres has been financed in Hungary since January, 2013. The authors discuss diagnostic issues, treatment and nutrition therapy of short bowel syndrome patients in line with the principles of personalised medicine. The most severe form of short bowel syndrome occurs in patients having jejunostomy, whose treatment is discussed separately. The authors give a detailed overview of home parenteral feeding, its possible complications, outcomes and adaptation of the remaining bowel. They describe how their own care centre operates where they administer home parenteral nutrition to 12 patients with short bowel syndrome (5 females and 7 males aged 51.25±14.4 years). The body mass index was 19.07±5.08 kg/m2and 20.87±3.3 kg/m2, skeletal muscle mass was 25.7±6.3 kg and 26.45±5.38 kg, and body fat mass was 14.25±8.55 kg and 11.77±2.71 kg at the start of home parenteral nutrition and presently, respectively. The underlying conditions of short bowel syndrome were tumours in 4 patients, bowel ischaemia in four patients, surgical complications in three patients, Crohn’s disease in one patient, and Crohn’s disease plus tumour in one patient. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(51), 2054–2062.
Pharmaconutrition: pharmacological approach to nutrition therapy
Authors: Télessy István
Published: December 2014

Reviewing the literature of nutrition therapy one can conclude that during the last decade the pharmacological action of several nutrients has been demonstrated. However, research activity is still at the beginning and it could be verified in a restricted number of nutrients only that in which conditions (illnesses), dose and duration we can expect therapeutic effect in addition to nutrition. The examples of glutamine, arginine, taurine, leucine, ω-3 fatty acids, however, support the possibility that complex reactions and treatment results observed in certain patients are not purely due to nutritional support but the consequence of additional pharmacological action as well. Evaluation of results of therapeutic intervention is especially difficult because in the everyday practice physicians try to use several therapeutic modalities that can be beneficial for the patient. Therefore, retrospective separation of beneficial components of the therapeutic agents is almost impossible. Only well designed, randomized and multicentric studies can verify specific therapeutic action of certain ingredients ie. nutrients. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(51), 2021–2027.
The measureable clinical signs of malnutrition: the clinical significance of body composition – bioimpedance – analysis
Authors: Török Éva , Harsányi László
Published: December 2014

Undernutrition, or more precisely: malnutrition results in worse outcome in clinical practice. Recognition and treatment of different forms of malnutrition are not unconditionally easy in the daily routine, however, it could lead to significant improvement in the outcome. This review summarizes the most frequent forms of malnutrition and demonstrates the advantages of the systematic use of bioelectrical impedance analysis in patients undergoing chronic treatment either in hospitals or outpatient care. The importance of the method is still underestimated in Hungary as well as many other countries. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(51), 2016–2020.
Neurological diseases and nutrition – what can we do?
Authors: Tamási Péter
Published: December 2014

Neurological diseases and nutrition are in complex relationship. In the first part of this review the nutritional consequences of acute neurological diseases is presented, with special emphasis on traumatic injuries of the nervous system and stroke. Nutritional therapy of these patients is described in detail. In addition, chronic, degenerative neurological pathological conditions are also discussed, including nutritional consequences and possibilities of therapy. Some ethical and legal issues are also considered. The second part of this review article describes neurological consequences of nutritional problems, both deficits of macro- and micronutrients and toxic effects. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(51), 2041–2047.
Retentiveness of Various Luting Agents Used With Implant-Supported Prosthesis: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Garg Pooja , Pujari Malesh , Prithviraj D. R. , Khare Sumit
Published: December 2014

Desired retrievability of cemented implant-supported fixed prosthesis makes the retentive strength of cementing agents an important consideration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the retentiveness of purposely designed implant cement and compare its retentiveness with dental cements that are commonly used with implant systems. Ten implant analogs were embedded in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin blocks and titanium abutments were attached to them. Fifty standardized copings were waxed directly on the abutment and casted. The cements used were: (1) resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement, (2) purposely designed implant cement, (3) zinc phosphate cement, (4) zinc polycarboxylate cement, and (5) glass ionomer cement. After cementation, each sample was subjected to a pull-out test using universal testing machine and loads required to remove the crowns were recorded. The mean values and standard deviations of cement failure loads were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni test. The mean values (± SD) of loads at failure (n = 10) for various cements were as follows (N): resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement 394.62 (± 9.76), Premier implant cement 333.86 (± 18.91), zinc phosphate cement 629.30 (± 20.65), zinc polycarboxylate cement 810.08 (± 11.52), and glass ionomer cement 750.17 (± 13.78). The results do not suggest that one cement type is better than another, but they do provide a ranking order of the cements regarding their ability to retain the prosthesis and facilitate easy retrievability.