bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Group agential epistemic injustice: Epistemic disempowerment and critical defanging of group epistemic agency1
Authors: Medina José
Published: October 2022

Expanding Miranda Fricker's (2007) concept of epistemic injustice, recent accounts of agential epistemic injustice (Lackey, 2020; Medina, 2021; Pohlhaus, 2020) have focused on cases in which the epistemic agency of individuals or groups is unfairly blocked, constrained, or subverted. In this article I argue that agential epistemic injustice is perpetrated against marginalized groups not only when their group epistemic agency is excluded, but also when it is included but receives defective uptake that neutralizes their capacity to resist epistemic oppression. I identify two harms that such injustice inflicts on marginalized groups: epistemic disempowerment and critical defanging of resistant epistemic group agency. My analysis shows how the harms of agential epistemic injustice can occur through unfair epistemic exclusions in group dynamics, but also through forms of inclusion in group dynamics that distort or coopt the epistemic agency of the group. Following Emmalon Davis (2018) and her analysis of epistemic appropriation, I argue that the harms of agential epistemic injustice can occur when the resistant epistemic resources of a marginalized group are appropriated in a way that disempowers them and critically defangs their resistant epistemic agency. I use Taylor Rogers’ (2021) analysis of the epistemic appropriation of “#MeToo” and “intersectionality” to show how epistemic disempowerment and critical defanging work in unjust epistemic group dynamics. The article offers a diagnosis of the failures of epistemic responsibility involved in agential epistemic injustice, and some suggestions for resisting those failures and working toward more responsible and just epistemic group dynamics.
Trust and trustworthiness
Authors: Carter J. Adam
Published: October 2022

I motivate and defend a new way of theorising about trust and trustworthiness – and their relationship to each other – by locating both within a broader picture that captures largely overlooked symmetries on both the trustor's and trustee's side of a cooperative exchange. The view defended here takes good cooperation as a theoretical starting point; on the view proposed, cooperation between trustor and trustee is working well when achievements in trust and in responding to trust are matched on both sides of the trust exchange. In a bit more detail, the trustor ‘matches’ her achievement in trusting (an achievement in fitting reliance to reciprocity) with the trustee's achievement in responding to trust (an achievement in fitting reciprocity to reliance). From this starting point, we can then appreciate symmetrical ways that the trustor and trustee can (respectively) fall short, by violating what are shown to be symmetrical evaluative norms – of success, competence and aptness – that regulate the attempts made by both trustor and trustee. The overall picture has important advantages over the received way of theorising about how trust stands to trustworthiness, and it clears the way – by identifying key questions that have been obscured – to making further progress.
Rare is beautiful? Rareness, technology value, and the moderating role of search domain and knowledge maturity
Authors: Lee Jeongsik “Jay” , Jung Hyun Ju , Park Hyunwoo
Published: October 2022

What makes a technology valuable? Characterizing the value as the degree of impact on subsequent technology development and focusing on the rareness as a composite measure of novelty and conventionality representing the relative position of a technology in a technology space, we advance a theory on the relationship between the rareness and value of a technology as well as the moderating role of search basis in shaping the relationship. We build our theory exploiting the fundamental trade‐off between the benefits of adopting a rare technology in pursuing greater recombinant potential and the costs of understanding the rare technology to be adopted and finding complementary technologies for successfully integrating the rare technology in the subsequent technology development process. Using US firm patent data in nanotechnology, we find that the relationship between the rareness and value of a technology exhibits an inverted‐U shape, consistent with our theoretical expectation. Further, the search basis of the focal technology moderates this relationship such that the rareness–value relationship becomes steeper when the technology is built on more local knowledge but flatter if the technology embeds more mature knowledge. Our study contributes to the extant literature seeking to illuminate the process by which valuable technologies arise.
The ‘4th 90’ target as a strategy to improve health‐related quality of life of people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Mvilongo Prudence Tatiana Nti , Vanhamel Jef , Siegel Magdalena , Nöstlinger Christiana
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Next to monitoring the clinical health of people living with HIV through the triple 90 targets, a 4th 90 target was proposed in 2016 to improve HIV health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) by addressing comorbidities and other psychosocial challenges. This scoping review aimed at understanding related psychosocial determinants, including strategies to improve HrQoL for people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), as an initiative to ameliorate the continuum of care.

Methods

This scoping review followed PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed and Wiley databases from 01 January 2011 to 19 April 2021 for articles on HrQoL, including determinants and related interventions in SSA. We also conducted a manual search to retrieve grey literature on the ‘4th 90’ target. The six domains of HrQoL defined in the most widely used instrument (i.e., WHOQOL‐HIV‐BREF tool) served as a guiding framework.

Results

Thirty‐three articles were included for analysis. Seven articles illustrated the ongoing debate on the 4th 90 target, highlighting challenges with measuring indicators. Nine articles discussed HrQoL domains, reporting the highest scores in the spirituality and physical domains and lowest scores in the social and environmental domains. The presence of stigma and depressive symptoms was associated with low HrQoL. Seventeen articles discussed HrQoL interventions, highlighting that improved HrQoL enhanced health‐seeking behaviour. Only two interventions addressed the environmental domain highlighting the fact that selection of intervention aims were not evidence led.

Conclusion

Introducing the 4th 90 target in SSA as a strategy to enhance HrQoL amongst people living with HIV could improve the HIV continuum of care; however, efforts are required to effectively address environmental and structural determinants.
Impact of Wall Temperature on Aerothermal Characteristics of an Array of Surface Microstructures
Authors: Campanaro D. , He L.
Published: October 2022

The aero-thermal behavior of surface microstructures is of wide relevance, especially given the development of additive manufacturing (AM). Of particular interest is the interaction between fluid flow and heat transfer. In this work, two contrasting configurations, a flat plate boundary layer and an array of hemispheric microstructures are examined at three wall-inflow temperature ratios (TR): cooled (TR = 0.5), adiabatic (TR = 1) and heated wall (TR = 1.5). Due to compensation between fluid viscosity and velocity gradient in the boundary layer, the heat transfer effects may appear deceptively small if judged using the common aerothermal parameters (Cf, Nu). The authors find instead the local Reynolds number to be more usefully indicative of such aerothermal interaction. The scale-resolving large eddy simulations (LES) simulations at a range of Reynolds numbers show that the cooled wall case is characterized by a markedly earlier transition which takes place at a much lower (by 50%) bulk flow Reynolds number compared to a near-adiabatic case. Furthermore, it is shown that the incompressible flow LES solutions fail to capture the early transition under the same cooling condition. Finally, a regrouping of the nondimensional parameters (CD, Nu) with TR is proposed leading to a more unified characterization for easier scaling of wall heat transfer effects in practical applications.
Characterization of a Lightly Loaded Underfloor Catalyzed Gasoline Particulate Filter in a Turbocharged Light Duty Truck
Authors: Bohac Stanislav V. , Ludlam Scott
Published: October 2022

A test program to characterize the benefits and challenges of applying a European series production catalyzed gasoline particulate filter (GPF) to a U.S. Tier 2 turbocharged light duty truck (3.5 L Ecoboost Ford F150) in the underfloor location was initiated at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The turbos and underfloor location keep the GPF relatively cool and minimize passive regeneration relative to other configurations. This study characterizes the relatively cool GPF in a lightly loaded state, approximately 0.1–0.4 g/L of soot loading, using four test cycles: 60 mph steady-state, 4-phase Federal Test Procedure city drive cycle (FTP), highway dirve cycle, and US06. Measurements include GPF temperature, soot loading, GPF pressure drop, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), CO2, particulate matter (PM) mass, elemental carbon (EC), filter-collected organic carbon (OC), CO, total hydrocarbons (THC), and NOx emissions. The lightly loaded underfloor GPF achieves an 85–99% reduction in PM mass, a 98.5–100.0% reduction in EC, and a 65–91% reduction in filter-collected OC, depending on test cycle. The smallest reductions in PM and EC occur in the US06 cycle due to mild GPF regeneration caused by GPF inlet temperature exceeding 500 °C. EC dominates filter-collected OC without a GPF, while OC dominates EC with a GPF. Composite cycle CO, THC, and NOx emissions are reduced by the washcoat on the GPF but the low temperature location of the GPF does not make best use of the catalyzed washcoat. Cycle average pressure drop across the GPF ranged from 1.25 kPa in the four-phase FTP to 4.64 kPa in the US06 but did not affect BTE or CO2 emissions in a measurable way in any test cycle.
Compact single-seed, module-based laser system on a transportable high-precision atomic gravimeter
Authors: Oon F. E. , Dumke Rainer
Published: October 2022

A single-seed, module-based compact laser system is demonstrated on a transportable 87Rb-based high-precision atomic gravimeter. All the required laser frequencies for the atom interferometry are provided by free-space acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) and resonant electro-optic phase modulators (EOMs). The optical phase-locked loop between the two optical paths derived from the same laser provides an easy frequency manipulation between two laser frequencies separated by the hyperfine frequency of 6.835 GHz using an AOM and an EOM, respectively. Our scheme avoids parasite Raman transitions present in the direct EOM modulation scheme (modulating directly at the frequency of the hyperfine splitting), which have detrimental effects on the accuracy of the gravity measurements. The optical phase-locked loop also provides a convenient way for vibration compensation through the Raman lasers' phase offset. Furthermore, the modular design approach allows plug-and-play nature on each individual optic module and also increases the mechanical stability of the optical systems. We demonstrate high-precision gravity measurements with 17.8 μGal stability over 250 s averaging time and 2.5 μGal stability over 2 h averaging time.
Turbulent dispersion of breath by the wind
Authors: Poydenot Florian , Abdourahamane Ismael , Caplain Elsa , Der Samuel , Jallon Antoine , Khoutami Inés , Loucif Amir , Marinov Emil , Andreotti Bruno
Published: October 2022

The pioneering work of Taylor on the turbulent dispersion of aerosols is one century old and provides an interesting way to introduce both diffusive processes and turbulence at an undergraduate level. Low mass particles transported by a turbulent flow exhibit a Brownian-like motion over time scales larger than the velocity correlation time. Aerosols and gases are, therefore, subjected to an effective turbulent diffusion at large length scales. However, the case of a source of pollutant much smaller than the integral scale is not completely understood. Here, we present experimental results obtained by undergraduate students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The dispersion of a fog of oil droplets by a turbulent flow is studied in a wind tunnel designed for pedagogical purposes. It shows a ballistic-like regime at short distance, followed by Taylor's diffusive-like regime, suggesting that scale-free diffusion by the turbulent cascade process is bypassed. Measurements show that the dispersion of CO2 emitted when breathing in a natural, indoor air flow is not isotropic but rather along the flow axis. The transverse spread is ballistic-like, leading to the concentration decaying as the inverse-squared distance to the mouth. The experiment helps students understand the role of fluctuations in diffusive processes and in turbulence. A Langevin equation governing aerosol dispersion based on a single correlation time allows us to model the airborne transmission risk of pathogens, indoors and outdoors. The results obtained in this study have been used to provide public health policy recommendations to prevent transmission in shopping malls.
The Need for Contextual Intelligence in Athletic Training
Authors: Kutz Matthew R.
Published: October 2022

Athletic training and the environment in which it is practiced is constantly changing. The emergent environment is volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous. This new environment necessitates an adjustment to athletic training education particularly as it pertains to the instruction and development of the nonclinical skills (meta-skills) needed for clinical settings. One such meta-skill is contextual intelligence. Contextual intelligence is the capacity to recognize the convergence of different variables and respond to the emerging context as it is developing. Practicing contextual intelligence includes integrating 12 specific behaviors and the 3D thinking framework of hindsight, insight, and foresight into clinical decision making.
Performance Effects of Video- and Sensor-Based Feedback for Implementing a Terrain-Specific Micropacing Strategy in Cross-Country Skiing
Authors: Seeberg Trine M. , Kocbach Jan , Kjøsen Talsnes Rune , Meyer Frederic , Losnegard Thomas , Tjønnås Johannes , Sandbakk Øyvind , Solli Guro Strøm
Published: October 2022

Purpose: To investigate the performance effects of video- and sensor-based feedback for implementing a terrain-specific micropacing strategy in cross-country (XC) skiing. Methods: Following a simulated 10-km skating time trial (Race1) on snow, 26 national-level male XC skiers were randomly allocated into an intervention (n = 14) or control group (n = 12), before repeating the race (Race2) 2 days later. Between races, intervention received video- and sensor-based feedback through a theoretical lecture and a practical training session aiming to implement a terrain-specific micropacing strategy focusing on active power production over designated hilltops to save time in the subsequent downhill. The control group only received their overall results and performed a training session with matched training load. Results: From Race1 to Race2, the intervention group increased the total variation of chest acceleration on all hilltops (P < .001) and reduced time compared with the control group in a specifically targeted downhill segment (mean group difference: −0.55 s; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.9 to −0.19 s; P = .003), as well as in overall time spent in downhill (−14.4 s; 95% CI, −21.4 to −7.4 s; P < .001) and flat terrain (−6.5 s; 95% CI, −11.0 to −1.9 s; P = .006). No between-groups differences were found for either overall uphill terrain (−9.3 s; 95% CI, −31.2 to 13.2 s; P = .426) or total race time (−32.2 s; 95% CI, −100.2 to 35.9 s; P = .339). Conclusion: Targeted training combined with video- and sensor-based feedback led to a successful implementation of a terrain-specific micropacing strategy in XC skiing, which reduced the time spent in downhill and flat terrain for intervention compared with a control group. However, no change in overall performance was observed between the 2 groups of XC skiers.
Proteasome-associated ubiquitin ligase relays target plant hormone-specific transcriptional activators
Authors: Wang Zhishuo , Orosa-Puente Beatriz , Nomoto Mika , Grey Heather , Potuschak Thomas , Matsuura Takakazu , Mori Izumi C. , Tada Yasuomi , Genschik Pascal , Spoel Steven H.
Published: October 2022

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is vital to hormone-mediated developmental and stress responses in plants. Ubiquitin ligases target hormone-specific transcriptional activators (TAs) for degradation, but how TAs are processed by proteasomes remains unknown. We report that in
Arabidopsis
, the salicylic acid– and ethylene-responsive TAs, NPR1 and EIN3, are relayed from pathway-specific ubiquitin ligases to proteasome-associated HECT-type UPL3/4 ligases. Activity and stability of NPR1 were regulated by sequential action of three ubiquitin ligases, including UPL3/4, while proteasome processing of EIN3 required physical handover between ethylene-responsive SCF
EBF2
and UPL3/4 ligases. Consequently, UPL3/4 controlled extensive hormone-induced developmental and stress-responsive transcriptional programs. Thus, our findings identify unknown ubiquitin ligase relays that terminate with proteasome-associated HECT-type ligases, which may be a universal mechanism for processive degradation of proteasome-targeted TAs and other substrates.
Nonconfinement growth of edge-curved molecular crystals for self-focused microlasers
Authors: Yin Baipeng , Liang Jie , Hao Jinjie , Dai Chenghu , Jia Hao , Wang Hong , Wang Desong , Shu Fang-Jie , Zhang Chuang , Gu Jianmin , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: October 2022

Synthesis of single-crystalline micro/nanostructures with curved shapes is essential for developing extraordinary types of optoelectronic devices. Here, we use the strategy of liquid-phase nonconfinement growth to controllably synthesize edge-curved molecular microcrystals on a large scale. By varying the molecular substituents on linear organic conjugated molecules, it is found that the steric hindrance effect could minimize the intrinsic anisotropy of molecular stacking, allowing for the exposure of high-index crystal planes. The growth rate of high-index crystal planes can be further regulated by increasing the molecular supersaturation, which is conducive to the cogrowth of these crystal planes to form continuously curved-shape microcrystals. Assisted by nonrotationally symmetric geometry and optically smooth curvature, edge-curved microcrystals can support low-threshold lasing, and self-focusing directional emission. These results contribute to gaining an insightful understanding of the design and growth of functional molecular crystals and promoting the applications of organic active materials in integrated photonic devices and circuits.
The ZFP36 family of RNA binding proteins regulates homeostatic and autoreactive T cell responses
Authors: Cook Melissa E. , Bradstreet Tara R. , Webber Ashlee M. , Kim Jongshin , Santeford Andrea , Harris Kevin M. , Murphy Maegan K. , Tran Jennifer , Abdalla Nada M. , Schwarzkopf Elizabeth A. , Greco Suellen C. , Halabi Carmen M. , Apte Rajendra S. , Blackshear Perry J. , Edelson Brian T.
Published: October 2022

RNA binding proteins are important regulators of T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. The zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36) family genes (
Zfp36
,
Zfp36l1
, and
Zfp36l2
) encode RNA binding proteins that promote the degradation of transcripts containing AU-rich elements. Numerous studies have demonstrated both individual and shared functions of the ZFP36 family in immune cells, but their collective function in T cells remains unclear. Here, we found a redundant and critical role for the ZFP36 proteins in regulating T cell quiescence. T cell–specific deletion of all three ZFP36 family members in mice resulted in early lethality, immune cell activation, and multiorgan pathology characterized by inflammation of the eyes, central nervous system, kidneys, and liver. Mice with T cell–specific deletion of any two
Zfp36
genes were protected from this spontaneous syndrome. Triply deficient T cells overproduced proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF, and GM-CSF, due to increased mRNA stability of these transcripts. Unexpectedly, T cell–specific deletion of both
Zfp36l1
and
Zfp36l2
rendered mice resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitits due to failed priming of antigen-specific CD4
+
T cells. ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 double-deficient CD4
+
T cells had poor proliferation during in vitro T helper cell polarization. Thus, the ZFP36 family redundantly regulates T cell quiescence at homeostasis, but ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 are specifically required for antigen-specific T cell clonal expansion.
Cretaceous−Cenozoic cooling history of the Qiangtang terrane and implications for Central Tibet formation
Authors: Bi Wenjun , Li Yalin , Kamp Peter J.J. , Xu Ganqing , Zhang Jiawei , Han Zhongpeng , Du Lintao , Wang Chengshan , He Haiyang , Xu Tiankun , Ma Zining
Published: October 2022

Reconstructing the growth process of the Qiangtang terrane in space and time is crucial for understanding the geological evolution of Central Tibet. However, its growth process and dynamic mechanism remain unclear. Here, we present new fission track data obtained along a N-S transect near the Puruo Kangri Mountain in the central zone of the Northern Qiangtang terrane. The completely reset apatite fission track ages of detrital samples range from 65.1 to 89.6 Ma, which show a northward younging trend. The thermal history modeling results indicate that this region underwent northward-propagating exhumation during the Late Cretaceous (ca. 92−65 Ma). Our data, combined with previously reported low-temperature thermochronology data for the Qiangtang terrane, suggest that the Qiangtang terrane experienced three main stages of cooling: ca. 120−65, ca. 55−35, and <25−0 Ma. The first stage (ca. 120−65 Ma) displays an outward-propagating cooling pattern from the Central Qiangtang terrane, which was related to the crustal shortening and thickening driven by the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision. The low exhumation rate, flat lavas, and paleoaltimetry studies imply that the central and southern zones of the Northern Qiangtang terrane and Central Qiangtang terrane may form plateau landscape by 65−55 Ma. The second stage (ca. 55−35 Ma) of cooling is mainly documented in the Southern Qiangtang terrane, and the northern zone of the Northern Qiangtang terrane. This cooling event was caused by the crustal deformation and shortening driven by intracontinental subduction related to ongoing convergence of the Indian and Asian plates. Subsequently, both the transition to low erosion rates (<0.05 mm/yr) and paleoaltimetry data indicate that the Qiangtang terrane became a primitive plateau by ca. 35 Ma. The final stage (<25−0 Ma) of cooling was linked to the E-W extension in the Qiangtang terrane.
Is mesenchymal stem cell effective for allergic rhinitis? A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Le , Zheng Hanxue , Zhang Huiping , Dai Lintong , Zhang Qinxiu
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a kind of widespread but unrecognised inflammatory disorder of nasal mucosa, characterised by itching, sneezing, runny nose and nasal congestion. The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of AR remains controversial. This protocol describes a systematic review and meta-analysis approach to assess the efficacy and safety of MSCs in the treatment of AR.

Methods and analysis

Eight databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, VIP and Wanfang) will be searched from the database inception to 1 December 2023. All randomised controlled trials related to MSCs for AR will be included. The primary outcomes will be therapeutic effect, serum IgE index and Visual Analogue Scale score for nasal symptoms. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias. Article selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be performed in duplicate by two independent reviewers.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required because individual patient data are not included. This protocol was registered in the international Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on 22 January 2022. The systematic review and meta-analysis will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings will also be disseminated through conference presentations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022303146.
Health problems in national team cross-country skiers over a competitive season: a 17-week prospective cohort study
Authors: Karlsson Øyvind , Danemar Magnus , Laaksonen Marko S , McGawley Kerry
Published: October 2022

Objective

Few long-term prospective studies have investigated health problems in elite competitive cross-country (XC) skiers. Hence, our objective was to compare the prevalence of health problems in national team XC skiers over a competitive season.

Methods

Forty national team XC skiers participated in this prospective, observational study. Two groups were characterised according to performance level: senior (n=18, ~26 years old, 9 women) and development (n=22, ~21 years old, 9 women). The skiers reported all and substantial injuries and illnesses weekly for 17 consecutive weeks throughout the 2019/2020 competitive season using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems.

Results

The average weekly prevalence of all and substantial health problems was 19% (95% CI: 16% to 22%) and 12% (95% CI: 9% to 15%), respectively, and was similar between senior and development level skiers (p>0.05). The injury prevalence was higher in senior versus development level skiers (12%, 95% CI: 9% to 15% vs 5%, 95% CI: 3% to 7%; p<0.001), while illnesses were less common (8%, 95% CI: 3% to 13% vs 13%, 95% CI: 9% to 17%, respectively; p=0.031). Illnesses accounted for 72% of all problems. The prevalence of all health problems was higher in female than in male skiers (23%, 95% CI: 19% to 27% vs 15%, 95% CI: 11% to 19%; p<0.003).

Conclusions

Health problems, especially illnesses, were relatively common, with approximately one in five skiers (19%) reporting at least one problem in any given week. Both performance level and sex influenced the prevalence of different types of health problems.
Coronary perforation incidence, outcomes and temporal trends (COPIT): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mikhail Philopatir , Howden Nicklas , Monjur Mohammad , Jeyaprakash Prajith , Said Christian , Bland Adam , Collison Damien , McCartney Peter , Adamson Carly , Morrow Andrew , Carrick David , McEntegart Margaret , Ford Thomas J
Published: October 2022

Coronary perforation is a potentially life-threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We studied incidence, outcomes and temporal trends following PCI-related coronary artery perforation (CAP).

Methods

Prospective systematic review and meta-analysis including meta-regression using MEDLINE and EMBASE to November 2020. We included ‘all-comer’ PCI cohorts including large PCI registries and randomised controlled trials and excluding registries or trials limited to PCI in high-risk populations such as chronic total occlusion PCI or cohorts treated only with atheroablative devices. Regression analysis and corresponding correlation coefficients were performed comparing perforation incidence, mortality rate, tamponade rate and the rate of Ellis III perforations against the midpoint (year) of data collection to determine if a significant temporal relationship was present.

Results

3997 studies were screened for inclusion. 67 studies met eligibility criteria with a total of 5 568 191 PCIs included over a 38-year period (1982–2020). The overall pooled incidence of perforation was 0.39% (95% CI 0.34% to 0.45%) and remained similar throughout the study period. Around 1 in 5 coronary perforations led to tamponade (21.1%). Ellis III perforations are increasing in frequency and account for 43% of all perforations. Perforation mortality has trended lower over the years (7.5%; 95% CI 6.7% to 8.4%). Perforation risk factors derived using meta-regression were female sex, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and previous coronary bypass grafting. Coronary perforation was most frequently caused by distal wire exit (37%) followed by balloon dilation catheters (28%). Covered stents were used to treat 25% of perforations, with emergency cardiac surgery needed in 17%.

Conclusion

Coronary perforation complicates approximately 1 in 250 PCIs. Ellis III perforations are increasing in incidence although it is unclear whether this is due to reporting bias. Despite this, the overall perforation mortality rate (7.5%) has trended lower in recent years. Limitations of our findings include bias that may be introduced through analysis of multidesign studies and registries without pre-specified standardised perforation reporting CMore research into coronary perforation management including the optimal use of covered stents seems warranted.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020207881.
Thermal tolerance in cutthroat trout of the southern Rocky Mountains
Authors: Rogers Kevin B. , Sucher Brendon J. , Hodge Brian W. , Myrick Christopher A.
Published: October 2022

With temperatures expected to rise across the southern Rocky Mountains, the ability of native fishes to tolerate stream warming has become a critical concern for those tasked with preserving coldwater species. We used common garden experiments to evaluate the thermal tolerance of cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarkii) fry from five populations important to managers representing three sub-species. Critical thermal maxima (CTMs) were evaluated through traditional exposure trials, while optimal growth and ultimate upper incipient lethal temperatures (UUILTs) were examined over the course of 21-day trials at six static temperature treatments. Whereas CTMs differed among populations (mean = 27.91 °C, SD = 0.35 °C), UUILTs did not (mean = 24.40 °C, SD = 0.04 °C). Comparison of cubic temperature-growth functions to the traditional quadratic functions showed that adding a third-order term for temperature can improve model fit, and revealed substantial differences in optimal growth temperatures (15.4–18.3 °C). Knowledge of these thermal tolerance thresholds will help to predict the consequences of a warming climate, identify suitable habitats for repatriation, and inform water quality temperature standards established to protect these fish into the future.
DHOST gravity in ultra-diffuse galaxies – part I: the case of NGC1052-DF2
Authors: Laudato Enrico , Salzano Vincenzo
Published: October 2022

The Ultra-Diffuse galaxy NGC1052-DF2 has recently been revealed to be “extremely deficient” in dark matter, if not lacking it at all. This claim has raised many questions regarding the relationship between baryons and dark matter in Ultra-Diffuse galaxies. But there seems to be a quite unanimous belief that, if such very low dark matter content is confirmed and extended to other similar galactic objects, it might be a deathblow to theories which modify and extend General Relativity. Deficient dark matter galaxies thus represent a fertile ground to test both standard dark matter and modified gravity theories. In this work, we consider a specific Degenerate Higher-Order Scalar Tensor model to study the internal kinematics of NGC1052-DF2. Due to the partial breaking of the corresponding screening mechanism, this model can possibly have large cosmological scale effects influencing the dynamics of smaller structures like galaxies. We consider two scenarios: one in which the model only describes dark energy; and one in which it additionally entirely substitutes dark matter. We find that the best model to explain data is General Relativity with only stellar contribution. But while in the former scenario General Relativity is still statistically favoured, in the latter one the alternative model is as much successful and effective as General Relativity in matching observations. Thus, we can conclude that even objects like NGC1052-DF2 are not in contrast, and are not obstacles, to the study and the definition of a reliable alternative to General Relativity.
The Hong–Ou–Mandel experiment: from photon indistinguishability to continuous-variable quantum computing
Authors: Fabre N. , Amanti M. , Baboux F. , Keller A. , Ducci S. , Milman P.
Published: October 2022

We extensively discuss the Hong–Ou–Mandel experiment by taking an original phase-space-based perspective. For this, we analyze time and frequency variables as quantum continuous variables in perfect analogy with position and momentum of massive particles or with the electromagnetic field’s quadratures. We discuss how this experiment can be used to directly measure the time-frequency Wigner function and implement logical gates in these variables. We also briefly discuss the quantum/classical aspects of this experiment providing a general expression for intensity correlations that make explicit the differences between a classical Hong–Ou–Mandel-like dip and a quantum one. Throughout the manuscript, we will often focus and refer to a particular system based on AlGaAs waveguides emitting photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down conversion, but our results can be extended to other analogous experimental systems and to various degrees of freedom.

Graphical Abstract

The Hong–Ou–Mandel experiment is a landmark in quantum optics, showing the bunching of indistinguishable bunch. In the present contribution, we give another perspective to this experiment based on a phase space representation of the continuous degrees of freedom of the single photons sent into the input arms of such interferometer. We show that the coincidence detection in the output ports of an Hong– Ou–Mandel interferometer is a direct measurement of the Wigner function of the produced photons in a given region of space, and we discuss how continuous degrees of freedom of single photons can be used in continuous variables quantum protocols, as quantum error correction and metrology. Our results open the perspective of broadening even more the applications of single photon-based quantum information-related protocols.
Neuroprotective Effects ofAlpinia oxyphyllaMiq against Mitochondria-Related Apoptosis by the Interactions between Upregulated p38 MAPK Signaling and Downregulated JNK Signaling in the Subacute Phase of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats
Authors: Tsai Yueh-Ting , Huang Hui-Chi , Kao Shung-Te , Chang Tung-Ti , Cheng Chin-Yi
Published: October 2022

Apoptosis in the penumbra region is the major cell death mechanism occurring during ischemia–reperfusion injury’s early phase. Here, we evaluated how the Alpinia oxyphylla Miq (AOM) affects mitochondria-related apoptosis 3 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and examined the mechanisms underlying the regulation of MAPK-mediated mitochondria-related apoptotic signaling in the peri-infarct cortex in rats. The rats were administered the AOM extract intraperitoneally at doses of 0.2[Formula: see text]g/kg (AOM-0.2[Formula: see text]g), 0.4[Formula: see text]g/kg (AOM-0.4[Formula: see text]g), or 0.8[Formula: see text]g/kg (AOM-0.8[Formula: see text]g) at MCAo initiation. The AOM-0.4[Formula: see text]g and AOM-0.8[Formula: see text]g significantly ameliorated apoptotic cell death and considerably downregulated cytochrome c (cyto c) and cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactivity 3 days after reperfusion. Simultaneously, they significantly downregulated cytosolic p-JNK/JNK, cathepsin B/actin, cyto c/actin, Smac/DIABLO/actin, cleaved caspase-3/actin, and AIF/actin and mitochondrial p53/HSP60 and Bax/HSP60 fractions but upregulated cytosolic p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK, p-p90RSK/actin, p-Bad/Bad, p-CREB/actin, and XIAP/actin and cytosolic and mitochondrial Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xL/Bax fractions in the peri-infarct cortex. Pretreatment with SB203580 — a p38 MAPK inhibitor — completely abrogated the effects of AOM-0.8[Formula: see text]g on the aforementioned protein expression, whereas treatment with SP600125 — a JNK inhibitor — exerted protective effects similar to those of AOM-0.8[Formula: see text]g. Treatment with 0.4 or 0.8[Formula: see text]g/kg AOM has neuroprotective effects against mitochondria-related apoptosis by suppressing cyto c, Smac/DIABLO, and AIF release from the mitochondria to cytosol. The anti-mitochondria related apoptotic effects of the AOM extract are attributable to the interactions between upregulated p38 MAPK/p90RSK-mediated p-Bad and CREB signaling and downregulated JNK/cathepsin B-mediated Bax and p53 signaling in the peri-infarct cortex 3 days after transient MCAo.
Fisetin Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury through Regulating SIRT1 and SphK1 Pathway
Authors: Zhou Zi-Shen , Kong Chen-Fan , Sun Jian-Rong , Qu Xiang-Ke , Sun Jin-Hui , Sun An-Tao
Published: October 2022

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) often leads to hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Fisetin has been shown to confer protection against liver injury. Herein, we investigated whether fisetin could prevent ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Mice were fed on 5% (v/v) Lieber–DeCarli ethanol diet. Human primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) co-cultured with ethanol were used to verify the therapeutic effect of fisetin. The results of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) in serum, Oil O Red and Masson staining revealed that fisetin (80[Formula: see text]mg/kg) ameliorated ethanol-induced mice liver injury and fibrosis. Besides, immunofluorescence results of [Formula: see text]-SMA revealed that fisetin suppressed HSCs activation. The suppression was dose-dependent. Furthermore, fisetin promoted SIRT1-mediated autophagy and inhibited Sphk1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) both in vitro and in vivo. Molecular docking results indicated potential interaction of fisetin with SIRT1 and SphK1. The inhibitory effect of fisetin on HSCs activation was reversed on co-culturing with EX-527, a specific inhibitor against STIR1 overexpression. Thus, fisetin has the potential to ameliorate alcohol-induced liver injury through suppression of HSCs activation, SIRT1-mediated autophagy and Sphk1-mediated ER stress.
Designing an Augmented Experience for a Music Archive: What does the Audience Need Beyond the Sense of Hearing?
Authors: Raheb Katerina El , Kougioumtzian Lori , Stergiou Marina , Petousi Dimitra , Katifori Akrivi , Servi Katerina , Kriezi Vera , Vraka Valia , Merakos Stefania , Charkiolakis Alexandros , Venieri Foteini , Boile Maria , Ioannidis Yannis
Published: October 2022

The ARIA project aims to create an engaging visitor experience for archives of music Cultural Heritage that targets the wider public. The challenge is to conceptualize an experience design where the intangible seamlessly meets the tangible, bridging the gap between obscure archival material and the direct and emotional experience of listening to music. The project will apply innovative technologies, such aseXtended Reality (XR)and collaborative digital storytelling, to augment the reception of the musical experience through establishing an affective connection of the visitor with the music composer. In this work we present the results of a user study with 198 participants, designed to assess user expectations and identify concrete needs to inform a multimodal experience design about the composer N. Skalkottas, The results of this study guided the design of an experience which combines a single user immersive VR application to promote reflection on the music piece, with a group participatory digital storytelling mobile app to establish an affective connection with the composer. We conclude the paper with our insights on the effectiveness of the approach as well as how the experience design could contribute to further studying and understanding in a holistic way the factors that play a role in feeling moved by or connected with a composer and his work.
Grasp Learning: Models, Methods, and Performance
Authors: Platt Robert
Published: October 2022

Grasp learning has become an exciting and important topic in robotics. Just a few years ago, the problem of grasping novel objects from unstructured piles of clutter was considered a serious research challenge. Now, it is a capability that is quickly being incorporated into industrial supply chain automation. How did that happen? What is the current state of the art in robotic grasp learning, what are the different methodological approaches, and what machine learning models are used? This review attempts to give an overview of the current state of the art of grasp learning research.
Turbulent Rotating Rayleigh–Bénard Convection
Authors: Ecke Robert E. , Shishkina Olga
Published: October 2022

Rotation with thermally induced buoyancy governs many astrophysical and geophysical processes in the atmosphere, ocean, sun, and Earth's liquid-metal outer core. Rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RRBC) is an experimental system that has features of rotation and buoyancy, where a container of height H and temperature difference Δ between its bottom and top is rotated about its vertical axis with angular velocity Ω. The strength of buoyancy is reflected in the Rayleigh number (∼ H3Δ) and that of the Coriolis force in the Ekman and Rossby numbers (∼Ω−1). Rotation suppresses the convective onset, introduces instabilities, changes the velocity boundary layers, modifies the shape of thermal structures from plumes to vortical columns, affects the large-scale circulation, and can decrease or enhance global heat transport depending on buoyant and Coriolis forcing. RRBC is an extremely rich system, with features directly comparable to geophysical and astrophysical phenomena. Here we review RRBC studies, suggest a unifying heat transport scaling approach for the transition between rotation-dominated and buoyancy-dominated regimes in RRBC, and discuss non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq and centrifugal effects.
Nonidealities in Rotating Detonation Engines
Authors: Raman Venkat , Prakash Supraj , Gamba Mirko
Published: October 2022

A rotating detonation engine (RDE) is a realization of pressure-gain combustion, wherein a traveling detonation wave confined in a chamber provides shock-based compression along with chemical heat release. Due to the high wave speeds, such devices can process high mass flow rates in small volumes, leading to compact and unconventional designs. RDEs involve unsteady and multiscale physics, and their operational characteristics are determined by an equilibrium between large- and small-scale processes. While RDEs can provide a significant theoretical gain in efficiency, achieving this improvement requires an understanding of the multiscale coupling. Specifically, unavoidable nonidealities, such as unsteady mixing, secondary combustion, and multiple competing waves associated with practical designs, need to be understood and managed. The secondary combustion processes arise from fuel/air injection and unsteady and incomplete mixing, and can create spurious losses. In addition, a combination of multiple detonation and secondary waves compete and define the dynamical behavior of mixing, heat release distribution, and the overall mode of operation of the device. This review discusses the current understanding of such nonidealities and describes the tools and techniques used to gain insight into the extreme unsteady environment in such combustors.
Common Variable Immunodeficiency: More Pathways than Roads to Rome
Authors: Peng Xiao P. , Caballero-Oteyza Andrés , Grimbacher Bodo
Published: October 2022

Fifty years have elapsed since the term common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) was introduced to accommodate the many and varied antibody deficiencies being identified in patients with suspected inborn errors of immunity (IEIs). Since then, how the term is understood and applied for diagnosis and management has undergone many revisions, though controversy persists on how exactly to define and classify CVID. Many monogenic disorders have been added under its aegis, while investigations into polygenic, epigenetic, and somatic contributions to CVID susceptibility have gained momentum. Expansion of the overall IEI landscape has increasingly revealed genotypic and phenotypic overlap between CVID and various other immunological conditions, while increasingly routine genotyping of CVID patients continues to identify an incredible diversity of pathophysiological mechanisms affecting even single genes. Though many questions remain to be answered, the lessons we have already learned from CVID biology have greatly informed our understanding of adaptive, but also innate, immunity.
Recent Advances in Understanding of Pathogenesis of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
Authors: Wu Xiaoqin , Fan Xiude , Miyata Tatsunori , Kim Adam , Cajigas-Du Ross Christina K. , Ray Semanti , Huang Emily , Taiwo Moyinoluwa , Arya Rakesh , Wu Jianguo , Nagy Laura E.
Published: October 2022

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is one of the major diseases arising from chronic alcohol consumption and is one of the most common causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality. ALD includes asymptomatic liver steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and alcohol-associated hepatitis and its complications. The progression of ALD involves complex cell-cell and organ-organ interactions. We focus on the impact of alcohol on dysregulation of homeostatic mechanisms and regulation of injury and repair in the liver. In particular, we discuss recent advances in understanding the disruption of balance between programmed cell death and prosurvival pathways, such as autophagy and membrane trafficking, in the pathogenesis of ALD. We also summarize current understanding of innate immune responses, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell dysfunction and hepatic stellate cell activation, and gut-liver and adipose-liver cross talk in response to ethanol. In addition,we describe the current potential therapeutic targets and clinical trials aimed at alleviating hepatocyte injury, reducing inflammatory responses, and targeting gut microbiota, for the treatment of ALD.
New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Mastocytosis: Emerging Concepts in Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Valent Peter , Akin Cem , Sperr Wolfgang R. , Horny Hans-Peter , Arock Michel , Metcalfe Dean D. , Galli Stephen J.
Published: October 2022

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms defined by a numerical increase and accumulation of clonal mast cells (MCs) in various organ systems. The disease may present as cutaneous mastocytosis or systemic mastocytosis (SM). On the basis of histopathological and molecular features, clinical variables, and organ involvement, SM is divided into indolent SM, smoldering SM, SM with an associated hematologic neoplasm, aggressive SM, and MC leukemia. Each variant is defined by unique diagnostic criteria and a unique spectrum of clinical presentations. A key driver of MC expansion and disease evolution is the oncogenic machinery triggered by mutant forms of KIT. The genetic background, additional somatic mutations, and comorbidities also contribute to the course and prognosis. Patients with SM may also suffer from mediator-related symptoms or even an MC activation syndrome. This article provides an update of concepts on the genetics, etiology, and pathology of mastocytosis, with emphasis on diagnostic criteria and new treatment concepts.