bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Lending and Entrepreneurial Behavior
Authors: Dávila Fernando A. Moya
Published: October 2017

Using a game theory approach to model the behavior of entrepreneurs and banks, I develop a new theoretical model supporting the idea that when a relationship is weak and is not considered in economic transactions, thereby causing a bank to disregard a small business entrepreneur's actions, both economic agents (i.e., the bank and the entrepreneur) will lose economic rents. On the other hand, when a relationship is strong and an entrepreneur's actions are observed, the resulting economic rents will be such that each party will be better off building a relationship than not building it. A major contribution of this theoretical model is the introduction of a relationship index (new to the relationship lending literature) that measures the speed of building relationships between banks and small business entrepreneurs and the limit of these relationships. The index is easy to understand because it reveals information about the degree of the relationship (considering speed and limit) between a bank and a small business entrepreneur.
Financial Performance and Valuation of Indian Banks
Authors: Tandon Deepak , Batra D. K. , Tandon Neelam
Published: October 2017

The Indian banking sector is undergoing a phenomenal transformation through innovative business lines. The sustainability of the banks is characterized by superior performance, more prudent behavior in the finance and commerce industry. Keeping in view the diversification, valuing bank stocks is a cumbersome task. Reliability, transparency, corporate governance, Economic Value Added (EVA), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are a recent buzz when ranking of the profitability of banks is to be considered by the investor. Operational efficiency, liquidity, solvency, profitability is to be weighed using metrics and evaluation of the sources and magnitude and performance of the banks. DuPont analysis/David Cole Method of bank groups comes to the rescue of the researcher to understand the profitability. The authors have evaluated sources and magnitude of performance, profitability and productivity of the listed Indian Banks. As a pilot study, data has been collected for the years 2007-2016 of three public and three private sector banks and statistical Chi-square tool has been applied to ROA, ROE and EM as variables.
Globalization, Trade Competitiveness, and Economic Development
Authors: Panigrahi Ramakrushna
Published: October 2017

Competitiveness has assumed centrality in the debate of globalization and economic growth. In a free market economic environment, economic efficiency assumes importance to fuel international business and economic growth. In a globalized contemporary economic environment, most countries have espoused economic development models based on Washington consensus to achieve faster growth during last three decades. In 1991, India had liberalized its economy to join the globalized world to reap the benefits of a free trade environment. From a very modest economic background, India has taken the center-stage of global economy due to its sustained economic growth rate and achievements in economic development indicators in the post liberalization era. In its perusal of economic growth, India has achieved significant economic progress based on competitiveness and economic efficiency. This paper attempts to analyze the challenges of sustaining trade competitiveness and economic growth from Indian perspective in the wake of renewed concerns on sustainability issues in a competitive globalized environment.
A Measure of E-Service Quality for Banks
Authors: Punyani Gazal , Sharma Sourabh
Published: October 2017

Evidence exists that delivering superior e-service quality is a vital strategy to success. With the growth in businesses offering internet-based transactions, measuring e-service quality becomes an imperative subject to understand what customers expect and perceive in online banking transactions. It recognizes customers' priority and enhances the long-term relationship with them. This study proposes a conceptual model for measuring internet banking service quality and concentrates on evaluating customers' perceptions and their attitude. For empirical estimation, the data was collected from customers who regularly use online banking facilities. Respondents were asked to fill the standardized questionnaire based on their experience with the online services provided by their banks. The results of this study may help the banks to understand the customers' attitude, which may assist to maintain and improve the service delivery.
Shifting Consumption Experiences to the Digital World
Authors: Castaño Raquel , Nuñez Sandra
Published: October 2017

As competition intensifies and goods and services become more and more commoditized, consumers increasingly look for experiential value in their consumption. Beyond the utilitarian function of a product, consumers seek to engage in memorable experiences. The experiential view requires orchestrating employee-training and information systems in a way that the service credo is in the heart of every employee. The brand needs to keep in touch with what customers- of all ages-, are looking for today. This paper will discuss the meaning of consumption experiences. We will then focus on the experiential aspects of consumption and, finally, on constructing experiences in a digital world. Overall, this article is intended to provide managerial guidance based on recent research findings on consumption experiences.
Knowledge for Business Innovation in Software Industries
Authors: Baragde Dileep Baburao
Published: October 2017

Business innovation is almost limitless with the advent of software industries and latest technology. The purpose of this chapter is to explore different concepts regarding knowledge for Business Innovation and describe it for Software Industries. The chapter contributes to the literature by describing Business Innovation, their types, role, scope, opportunities and its requirement especially in Software Industries; and role played by knowledge for Business Innovation. The outcome shows how knowledge helps for robustness in decision making. Whereas traditional business innovation often focuses on balancing engineering and finances in order to create functional utility for consumers, design thinking focuses first on what customers desire in order to create emotional values.
Knowledge Management and Ergonomics Implementation in Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Maldonado-Macías Aide Aracely , Alferez-Padron Cesar Roberto , García-Alcaraz Jorge Luis , Avelar-Sosa Liliana
Published: October 2017

This chapter presents a knowledge management and Ergonomics implementation in manufacturing systems, through the development and validation of a critical success factors questionnaire. The instrument developed measures the frequency of inclusion of critical success factors for the implementation of Ergonomics and its benefits, validated in the manufacturing industry. The frequency is based on a five-point Likert scale. So far, no instrument able to measure such factors has been found in the literature. The questionnaire comprises 73 questions presented in four main stages: planning, process startup stage, work improvement cycle and long-term development. In addition, it contains a section of benefits regarding health and safety, operational and quality of life at work. The instrument was validated through a pilot test involving 140 participants from seven companies in the manufacturing sector of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, through the use of an intentional selective method.
Incorporation of Whole Spine Screening in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocols for Low Back Pain: A Valuable Addition
Authors: Rao Akhilesh , Mishra Atul , Pimpalwar Yayati , Sahdev Ravinder , Yadu Neha
Published: October 2017

Study Design

A retrospective review of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies conducted at the Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging of a Tertiary Care Armed Forces Hospital between May 2014 and May 2016.

Purpose

To assess the advantages of incorporating sagittal screening of the whole spine in protocols for conventional lumbar spine MRI for patients presenting with low back pain.

Overview of Literature

Advances in MRI have resulted in faster examinations, particularly for patients with low back pain. The additional detection of incidental abnormalities on MRI helps to improve patient outcomes by providing a swifter definitive diagnosis. Because low back pain is extremely common, any change to the diagnostic and treatment approach has a significant impact on health care resources.

Methods

We documented all additional incidental findings detected on sagittal screenings of the spine that were of clinical significance and would otherwise have been undiagnosed.

Results

A total of 1,837 patients who met our inclusion criteria underwent MRI of the lumbar spine. The mean age of the study population was 45.7 years; 66.8% were men and 33.2% women. Approximately 26.7% of the patients were diagnosed with incidental findings. These included determining the level of indeterminate vertebrae, incidental findings of space-occupying lesions of the cervicothoracic spine, myelomalacic changes, and compression fractures at cervicothoracic levels.

Conclusions

We propose that T2-weighted sagittal screening of the whole spine be included as a routine sequence when imaging the lumbosacral spine for suspected degenerative pathology of the intervertebral discs.
Does the Addition of a Dynamic Pedicle Screw to a Fusion Segment Prevent Adjacent Segment Pathology in the Lumbar Spine?
Authors: Aygun Hayati , Yaray Osman , Mutlu Muren
Published: October 2017

Study Design

Retrospective clinical cohort study.

Purpose

To investigate whether the combined use of dynamic pedicle screws and polyaxial pedicle screws was effective on adjacent segment pathology (ASP).

Overview of Literature

Various screw and rod models have been recently developed for preventing adjacent segment disease, and hybrid systems have been described along with posterior instrumentation in the fusion segment. In the literature, although the success of dynamic systems has been demonstrated in non-fusion posterior instrumentation, it remains unclear whether the addition of a screw-based dynamic system to a fusion segment would successfully prevent ASP in the long term.

Methods

The study included 101 patients who underwent surgery for degenerative spine diseases between 2007 and 2014 with lumbar stabilization that used either polyaxial pedicle screws alone or polyaxial pedicle screws plus dynamic stabilization screws (with hinged screw heads). These two patient groups were compared using retrospectively obtained postoperative new clinical findings, Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and radiological data.

Results

The proportion of patients with ASP who were radiologically assessed was low (p <0.01) in the group that underwent lumbar stabilization along with dynamic screws. Treatment outcomes were clinically successful in both groups according to ODI and VAS scores, and no significant difference was determined between the groups in terms of clinical ASP (p >0.05).

Conclusions

Although the combined use of dynamic screws and the static system was radiologically found to be effective for preventing ASP in patients who underwent lumbar fusion with posterior instrumentation, it did not completely eliminate ASP or result in a significant improvement in clinical ASP.
Efficacy of the Thoracolumbar Interfascial Plane Block for Lumbar Laminoplasty: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ueshima Hironobu , Ozawa Tomoyuki , Toyone Tomoaki , Otake Hiroshi
Published: October 2017

Study Design

This paper was a single center-based retrospective study with prospective data collection.

Purpose

Compared with other surgeries, limited options are available for perioperative pain management in spinal surgery. Therefore, we aimed to identify new pain management in this study.

Overview of Literature

The thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) block has been reported to provide effective regional analgesia in the lumbar region. This study investigated the efficacy of the TLIP block for pain management in lumbar laminoplasty.

Methods

We investigated patients who underwent lumbar laminoplasty for the treatment of lumbar spinal canal stenosis from April to October 2015. Patients with secondary surgery or surgery involving more than four intervertebral spaces were excluded. The primary outcome measure was the pain scale score within 48 hours after the surgery. The secondary outcomes were the number of additional analgesic drugs used and the number of patients complaining of complications, such as nausea and vomiting, within 24 hours after the surgery.

Results

We retrospectively assessed the data of 44 patients who underwent lumbar laminoplasty. Of these, 25 patients received only general anesthesia (G group), whereas 19 patients received the TLIP block along with general anesthesia (T group). Compared with the G group, the T group reported lower pain scores for pain at 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours postoperatively. Moreover, the number of patients who received the additional analgesic pentazocine was lower in the T group than in the G group. The two groups showed no significant differences in the incidence of complications.

Conclusions

The TLIP block provides effective analgesia for 24 hours postoperatively in patients undergoing lumbar laminoplasty.
Sagittal Alignment of a Strut Graft Affects Graft Subsidence and Clinical Outcomes of Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion
Authors: Yamauchi Koun , Fushimi Kazunari , Miyamoto Kei , Hioki Akira , Shimizu Katsuji , Akiyama Haruhiko
Published: October 2017

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of sagittal alignment of the strut graft on graft subsidence and clinical outcomes after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF).

Overview of Literature

ACCF is a common technique for the treatment of various cervical pathologies. Although graft subsidence sometimes occurs after ACCF, it is one cause for poor clinical results. Malalignment of the strut graft is probably one of the factors associated with graft subsidence. However, to the best of our knowledge, no prior reports have demonstrated correlations between the alignment of the strut graft and clinical outcomes.

Methods

We evaluated 56 patients (33 men and 23 women; mean age, 59 years; range, 33–84 years; 45 with cervical spondylotic myelopathy and 11 with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament) who underwent one- or two-level ACCF with an autogenous fibular strut graft and anterior plating. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score recovery ratio for cervical spondylotic myelopathy was used to evaluate clinical outcomes. The JOA score and lateral radiograms were evaluated 1 week and 1 year postoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups (a straight group [group I] and an oblique group [group Z]) based on radiographic assessment of the sagittal alignment of the strut graft.

Results

Group I showed a significantly greater JOA score recovery ratio (p<0.05) and a significantly lower graft subsidence than group Z (p<0.01).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that a straight alignment of the strut graft provides better clinical outcomes and lower incidence of graft subsidence after ACCF. In contrast, an oblique strut graft can lead to significantly increased strut graft subsidence and poor clinical results.
Review of Cortical Bone Trajectory: Evidence of a New Technique
Authors: Delgado-Fernandez Juan , García-Pallero Maria Ángeles , Blasco Guillermo , Pulido-Rivas Paloma , Sola Rafael, G.
Published: October 2017

This article summarizes recent evidence on the cortical bone trajectory (CBT) obtained from published anatomical, biomechanical, and clinical studies. CBT was proposed by Santoni in 2009 as a new trajectory that can improve the fixation of pedicle screws in response to screw loosening in osteoporotic patients. Recently, research interest has been growing with increasing numbers of published series and frequent reports of new applications. We performed an online database search using the terms “cortical bone trajectory,” “pedicle screw,” “CBT spine,” “CBT fixation,” “MISS CBT,” and “traditional trajectory.” The search included the PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases, resulting in an analysis of 42 articles in total. These covered three aspects of CBT research: anatomical studies, biomechanical parameters, and clinical cases or series. Compared to the traditional trajectory, CBT improves pullout strength, provides greater stiffness in cephalocaudal and mediolateral loading, and shows superior resistance to flexion/extension; however, it is inferior in lateral bending and axial rotation. CBT seems to provide better immediate implant stability. In clinical studies, CBT has shown better perioperative results for blood loss, length of stay in hospital, and surgery time; similar or better clinical postoperative scores; and similar comorbidity, without any major fixation system complications due to instrumentation failure or screw misplacement. In addition, advantages such as less lateral exposure allow it to be used as a minimally invasive technique. However, most of the clinical studies were retrospective case series or case-control studies; prospective evidence on this technique is scarce, making a definitive comparison with the traditional trajectory difficult. Nevertheless, we can conclude that CBT is a safe technique that offers good clinical results with similar biomechanical and perioperative parameters to those of the traditional trajectory. In addition, new applications can improve its results and make it useful for additional pathologies.
Topology Optimization of Capillary, Two-Phase Flow Problems
Authors: Deng Yongbo , Liu Zhenyu , Wu Yihui
Published: October 2017

This paper presents topology optimization of capillary, the typical two-phase flow with immiscible fluids, where the level set method and diffuse-interface model are combined to implement the proposed method. The two-phase flow is described by the diffuse-interface model with essential no slip condition imposed on the wall, where the singularity at the contact line is regularized by the molecular diffusion at the interface between two immiscible fluids. The level set method is utilized to express the fluid and solid phases in the flows and the wall energy at the implicit fluid-solid interface. Based on the variational procedure for the total free energy of two-phase flow, the Cahn-Hilliard equations for the diffuse-interface model are modified for the two-phase flow with implicit boundary expressed by the level set method. Then the topology optimization problem for the two-phase flow is constructed for the cost functional with general formulation. The sensitivity analysis is implemented by using the continuous adjoint method. The level set function is evolved by solving the Hamilton-Jacobian equation, and numerical test is carried out for capillary to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed topology optimization method. It is straightforward to extend this proposed method into the other two-phase flows with two immiscible fluids.
Chloroquine–Primaquine versus Chloroquine Alone to Treat Vivax Malaria in Afghanistan: An Open Randomized Superiority Trial
Authors: Awab Ghulam Rahim , Imwong Mallika , Bancone Germana , Jeeyapant Atthanee , Day Nicholas P. J. , White Nicholas J. , Woodrow Charles J.
Published: October 2017

Afghanistan’s national guidelines recommend primaquine (PQ) for radical treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria, but this is rarely implemented because of concerns over potential hemolysis in patients who have G6PD deficiency. Between August 2009 and February 2014, we conducted an open-label, randomized controlled trial of chloroquine (CQ) alone versus chloroquine plus primaquine (0.25 mg base/kg/day for 14 days) (CQ+PQ) in patients aged 6 months and older with microscopy confirmed P. vivax infection. In the CQ+PQ group, G6PD deficiency was excluded by fluorescent spot testing. The primary outcome was P. vivax recurrence assessed by survival analysis over one year follow-up. Of 593 patients enrolled, 570 attended at or after 14 days of follow-up. Plasmodium vivax recurrences occurred in 37 (13.1%) of 282 patients in the CQ+PQ arm versus 86 (29.9%) of 288 in the CQ arm (Cox proportional hazard ratio [HR] 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25–0.54) (intention-to-treat analysis). Protection against recurrence was greater in the first 6 months of follow-up (HR 0.082; 95% CI 0.029–0.23) than later (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.41–1.03). Five of seven patients requiring hospital admission were considered possible cases of PQ-related hemolysis, and PQ was stopped in a further six; however, in none of these cases did hemoglobin fall by ≥ 2 g/dL or to below 7 g/dL, and genotyping did not detect any cases of Mediterranean variant G6PD deficiency. PQ 0.25 mg/kg/day for 14 days prevents relapse of P. vivax in Afghanistan. Patient visits during the first week may improve adherence. Implementation will require deployment of point-of-care phenotypic tests for G6PD deficiency.
Emergence, Epidemiology, and Transmission Dynamics of 2009 Pandemic A/H1N1 Influenza in Kampala, Uganda, 2009–2015
Authors: Cummings Matthew J. , Bakamutumaho Barnabas , Yang Wan , Wamala Joseph F. , Kayiwa John , Owor Nicholas , Namagambo Barbara , Byaruhanga Timothy , Wolf Allison , Lutwama Julius J. , Shaman Jeffrey , O’Donnell Max R.
Published: October 2017

In sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the epidemiology of pandemic-prone influenza viruses in urban settings. Using data from a prospective sentinel surveillance network, we characterized the emergence, epidemiology, and transmission dynamics of 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza (H1N1pdm09) in Kampala, Uganda. After virus introduction via international air travel from England in June 2009, we estimated the basic reproductive number in Kampala to be 1.06–1.13, corresponding to attack rates of 12–22%. We subsequently identified 613 cases of influenza in Kampala from 2009 to 2015, of which 191 (31.2%) were infected with H1N1pdm09. Patients infected with H1N1pdm09 were more likely to be older adult (ages 35–64) males with illness onset during rainy season months. Urban settings in sub-Saharan Africa are vulnerable to importation and intense transmission of pandemic-prone influenza viruses. Enhanced surveillance and influenza pandemic preparedness in these settings is needed.
La violencia filio parental y la medida de internamiento. Especial referencia a la "prestación por excarcelación"
Authors: Jiménez Arroyo Sandra
Published: October 2017

En la actualidad, crece la preocupación social en torno a un fenómeno delictivo cometido por menores de edad, al que se ha hecho alusión bajo términos tan dispares como, “síndrome del emperador”, “hijos tiranos”, “pequeños dictadores”, “violencia ascendente”, “violencia invertida” o “violencia filio parental”. Se trata, en definitiva, de un tipo de violencia doméstica constituida por aquellas agresiones psicológicas, económicas y/o físicas, ejercidas de forma intencional y reiterada por los hijos o hijas menores de edad hacia sus progenitores o aquellos otros adultos que ocupen su lugar.

Con el presente trabajo se pretende contribuir al conocimiento de este fenómeno desde una perspectiva jurídica. Para ello, se realiza una aproximación al concepto de violencia filio parental, constatando que ha sido la gran olvidada en la investigación de la violencia doméstica desarrollada en nuestro país. Por otro lado, se analiza su incidencia, lo que nos permite comprobar el aumento que está experimentando esta problemática en España. Además, se observa que el internamiento es una de las medidas impuestas con mayor frecuencia en estos casos, por lo que abordamos su estudio.

Tomando en consideración que una de las conductas que llevan a cabo los menores que ejercen violencia filio parental es el maltrato económico y que, en muchas ocasiones, estos padecen algún tipo de adicción (a sustancias tóxicas, a las nuevas tecnologías, a las compras...), nos planteamos la conveniencia de modificar la “prestación por excarcelación” que perciben al finalizar la medida de internamiento y ofrecemos algunas alternativas a su regulación actual.
An experimental manipulation of negative metacognitive beliefs in non-clinical paranoia
Authors: Sellers Rachel , Wells Adrian , Morrison Anthony P.
Published: October 2017

Metacognitive beliefs implicated in the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model (Wells & Matthews, 1994, 1996) have demonstrated significant positive relationships with experiences of psychosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of manipulating metacognitive beliefs relating to the uncontrollability and danger of thoughts on paranoia frequency and negative affect in a non-clinical sample. Seventy-six students participated in a randomised experiment. All participants were falsely informed they were taking part in an EEG study about thought processes in paranoia. Following a paranoia induction, participants in the experimental condition were told that the EEG could detect paranoid thoughts and may make a loud noise in response to detecting them; participants in the control condition were told the EEG could detect paranoid thoughts and may make a loud noise at random. Validity checks confirmed the paranoia prime was effective and there was a significant change in metacognitive beliefs following the manipulation. Overall no significant differences between the two groups on measures of intrusions or anxiety emerged following the manipulation. However, changes in physiological anxiety approached significance. The results demonstrate it is feasible to manipulate metacognitive beliefs and induce paranoia. A recommendation for further research to use a refined paradigm with a clinical sample is discussed.
Pennsylvania Perspectives of the 2016 Election: A Project to Collect Web and Social Media Content Around Significant Societal Events
Authors: Pinter Anthony T , Goldman Ben , Novotny Eric
Published: October 2017

During the 2016 election, Pennsylvania was viewed as a crucial state not only for the presidential race, but also for a Senate seat, seats in the House of Representatives, and for state-specific positions. In response to the attention placed on Pennsylvania during the election, Penn State University Libraries undertook a project to document the discourse that occurred online. The resulting project, “Pennsylvania Perspectives on the 2016 U.S. Election,” collected websites and Twitter data in order to document the people, voices, moments, and prominent issues in Pennsylvania. In this practice paper, we describe the project background, scope, collection methodology, lessons learned, and best practices that we discovered, in the hopes that it will inspire others to undertake similar projects to document important societal events at local, state, national, and international levels.
Focus Groups: How Feedback from Employees Can Impact the Decision-Making Process
Authors: Jordan Jessica , Haines Martina
Published: October 2017

The idea for the use of focus groups as a management tool was derived from a planned assessment with student employees. The success of the student employee focus groups led the researchers to expand the use of these groups with the library staff. In the evaluation of the results, the researchers discovered that the feedback from both focus groups could be shared with administration, potentially resulting in the management team making the suggested changes in the work environment. This article addresses the process of using focus groups as assessment tools and potential change agents for managerial decision-making.
Editors' Note: Five Years of PaLRaP
Authors: Reinsfelder Tom , Behler Anne
Published: October 2017

A brief recap of the first five year.
Guestimating Coastal Ecotourism in Muara Beting, Indonesia
Authors: H. Hengky, S.
Published: October 2017

In an industrial city located very close to the international airport and the capital of Indonesia there is a very beautiful beach. This beach is located amid traffic density and densely populated. This beach is included in the regional tourism development program. This study aims to respond to Master Plan statements and programs from provincial tourism and assess the performance of the coast. The results of these assessments become the basis for improving the performance of coastal ecotourism, which is the hope of the tourists. Currently, the coastal performance almost meets the requirements of coastal ecotourism. This year's research done by mixed mode method and the data collection process done by random and stratified sampling. This study finds the expected performance of tourism with the concept of ecotourism. There is a gap between performance expectations and current. The performance increases by sett the top priority to the interests in the local economic contribution. Culinary tourism builds the economic contribution of local people. The activity also raises funds of the conserve of mangrove forest with the participation in local communities.
ESP Needs Analysis in Iran: The Case of University Students of Medicine
Authors: Azodi Nazli , Karimi Fatemeh
Published: October 2017

It is believed that textbooks play the most vital role in the classrooms. A lot of class time is spent on using textbooks, thus choosing the appropriate one requires full considerations. A need analysis is a useful instrument to identify learner’s needs as a prerequisite for effective course design including course books. To this end, this study aims to investigate the foreign language learning needs of Iranian students studying in faculties of medicine. The total number of 113 medicine students participated in the study to answer the prepared questionnaire whose results were compared with 125 other students from different universities with a different textbook. To obtain the desired result, qualitative descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the data. The results indicated that the new textbook fulfills the need of students for their reading and listening skills in general and it is also more satisfying to medicine students. This study could be helpful for medical departments of universities to select their ESP textbooks more carefully.
The Degree of Applying Good Governance in Tafila Technical University from its Faculties and Administrators Views
Authors: Hajaia Sulaiman
Published: October 2017

The study aimed to assess the degree of applying good governance in Tafila Technical University. To accomplish the study objectives; the researcher choose randomly 100 faculties and 102 administrators from Tafila Technical University. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The results indicated that the governance practices were mid, and there is no statistically significant difference (α=0.05) in the degree of applying governance and its domains at Tafila Technical University attributed to Job and experience.
A Young Woman with Recurrent Kidney Stones: Questions on Hypokalaemic Tubular Acidosis
Authors: Vanmassenhove Jill , Lameire Norbert
Published: October 2017

This paper discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the problem of a young woman presenting with recurrent kidney stones. In the clinical work-up, a hypokalaemic normal anion gap metabolic acidosis was found. The diagnostic tests to solve this common clinical problem and some therapeutic recommendations are discussed.

Question on hypokalaemic tubular acidosis: 1. What is the significance of the plasma anion gap (PAG)? 2. How does one appreciate the respiratory component of the acid base status? 3. How does one perform tests for tubular acidification disturbances? 4. What is the pathogenesis of distal tubular acidification disturbances? 5. What is the explanation of the hypokalaemia in distal tubular acidosis? 6. What is the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis in distal tubular acidosis? 7. How does one treat a patient with distal tubular acidosis and recurrent nephrolithiasis?
Type-5 Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS-5): An up to Date
Authors: Di Lullo Luca , Ronco Claudio , Cozzolino Mario , Selvi Antonio , Santoboni Francesca , Bellasi Antonio
Published: October 2017

Cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) involve disorders of the heart or kidney whereby one organ dysfunction leads to the dysfunction of another. Five types of CRS are defined. While the first 4 types describe acute/chronic cardiorenal or renocardiac syndromes, type-5 CRS refers to secondary CRS or cardiorenal involvement in systemic conditions and describes the concomitant presence of renal and cardiovascular dysfunction. Type-5 CRS is a recently defined clinical syndrome and complete epidemiological data on this entity are still lacking. In the following review, epidemiological, pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic approaches to type-5 CRS will be discussed according to more recent findings.
Factors influencing the job satisfaction of nurses working in obstetric units in public hospitals in Kenya
Authors: Kahiga Keziah Wakonyo
Published: October 2017

Introduction: The literature demonstrates that little research has been conducted to explore job satisfaction among nurses working in obstetric units in Kenya. The perception of job satisfaction by nurses is influenced by the environment in which they work.Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to carry out the study. The study tools included the work quality index (WQI) and the demographic data questionnaires. Convenience sampling method was. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20. The items in the WQI were organized into six subscales and Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to obtain the reliability coefficient of each subscale. An independent t-test was used to compare the subscales scores for the male and female participants. ANOVA was conducted to compare the level of satisfaction with the six subscales and the participants’ characteristics. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated to assess if there was any relationships, the magnitude and the direction of the relationship between the six subscales.Results: Nurses are most satisfied with the perception that the work associated with their position provides them with the opportunity to be of service to others and least satisfied with receiving enough time to complete indirect patient care tasks. There are no significant differences in the overall level of satisfaction between males and females though males are more satisfied with autonomy of practice and professional role enactment. The six subscales strongly and positively correlate with one another.Conclusions: Nurses working in the obstetric units are relatively dissatisfied with most of the aspects of the work environment. The more educated nurses are less satisfied than less educated nurses. Since all aspects of job satisfaction are interrelated, emphasis should be put on each of them so as to create a satisfying work environment for nurses working in obstetric units.
Issues Involving Corporate Transparency in the Saudi Capital Market
Authors: Al-habshan Khalid Saad
Published: October 2017

In this article, disclosure and transparency issues in Saudi Arabia are discussed as they pertain to the Saudi capital market. Disclosure provisions in the CML and problems that result from inadequate disclosure are examined. Insider dealing, price manipulation and possible reforms of Saudi law are addressed. Finally, a brief account of voluntary disclosure and its impact on the mandatory disclosure of financial information by SSE-listed companies is given, as well as the WB’s findings on Saudi companies’ disclosure practices.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Public Administration Research, Vol. 6, No. 2
Authors: Tai Gabriel
Published: October 2017

Reviewer acknowledgements for Public Administration Research, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2017.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 6, No. 4
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: October 2017

Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to sar@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 4Abha Mishra, Asian Institute of Technology, ThailandAmi Lokhandwala, University of Mississippi, USABaoubadi Atozou, Laval University, CanadaBeye Amadou Moustapha, Rice Research Center, Cote d'IvoireEntessar Mohammad Al JBawi, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, SyriaGiuseppina Migliore, University of Palermo, ItalyInder Pal Singh, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, IndiaKhaled Sassi, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, TunisiaKleber Campos Miranda-Filho, UFMG, BrazilManuel Teles Oliveira, University Tras os Montes Alto Douro (UTAD), PortugalMhosisi Masocha, University of Zimbabwe, ZimbabweMurtazain Raza, Subsidiary of Habib Bank AG Zurich, PakistanSuheb Mohammed, University of Virginia, United States
Verstoorde veiligheidsbeleving
Authors: Spithoven Remco
Published: October 2017

Disturbed fear of crime – Talking with local inhabitants about ‘security’ in their neighborhood in reaction to risen ‘fear of crime’

The ‘fear of crime’ is a buzzword among citizens, media, politicians and professionals by now. But the phenomenon seems to be as intangible as it is important. The struggle of professionals with this concept is the result of a too wide and self-evident problem definition. This article contains an alternative approach. The focus is on disturbed fear of crime: a negatively changed and problematically experienced fear of crime on the level of the neighborhood.

Through a review of the literature and previous research, we work towards this concept and apply it to the neighborhood of Kerckebosch in the municipality of Zeist in the Netherlands. As during 2014 the local quantitative indicators for ‘the fear of crime’ rose from 7% of the local population indicating to ‘sometimes feel unsafe’ to 22%, while the rest of the municipality remained quite stable. Additionally, several local professionals received complaints of multiple local inhabitants claiming to ‘feel unsafe’ in the neighborhood. Our research question was: What explanations for their ‘disturbed fear of crime’ do local inhabitants of the neighborhood Kerckebosch give?

It was highly plausible that this local rise of the fear in Kerckebosch was connected to the social re-engineering of the neighborhood, but the exact nature of the quantitative rise was unclear. Therefore, we have interviewed 25 local inhabitants. Qualitative analyses showed the local rise of ‘the fear of crime’ to be the result of: (I) physical characteristics of the neighborhood; (II) events of burglary and intimidation from the past; (III) the presence of loitering youths and – primarily – (VI) a backlash of social integration as a side effect of the social re-engineering of the neighborhood. These qualitative explanations to the observed quantitative discontinuity led to several policy advises, which were based on international effect studies.
Bringing culture into the school Summary
Authors: Nothstine Brandy
Published: October 2017

It is the teacher’s responsibility to make the classroom culturally responsive. Children bring their own culture to the classroom with them. The teacher needs to make sure these influences are nurtured in a positive way. The current literature indicates that language, social interactions, and play are all influenced by a child’s culture. The author used the Kendell multicultural checklist to highlight key areas of the classroom that needed to be addressed in order to make the classroom more culturally responsive. A plan was developed and put into practice to better understand family cultures and to better teach the children about different cultures. A culturally responsive classroom is critical for families and children to feel safe and welcome in a positive learning environment away from home. In the United States, 25% of children are immigrants or come from immigrant families (Souto-Manning 2013). This makes it crucial for educators to learn how to have a positive and welcoming multicultural classroom environment. With over 75% of early childhood teachers being white and speaking only English, it makes it that much more important for them to learn about different cultures and set up a classroom ready to nurture a variety of cultures (Souto-Manning 2013).
Wyjść poza reżim imperatywu rozwojowego. Między inspiracjami Rousseau a wpływem myśli Foucaulta na współczesne studia nad dzieciństwem
Authors: Klus-Stańska Dorota
Published: October 2017

The text is an attempt at a comparative analysis of the concept by Rousseau in which he proposed moving away from the directive control of the development of the child, with those concepts that can be found in poststructural childhood psychology and pedagogy, whose authors are inspired by the work of Michel Foucault. The author reconstructs the incidents of the child’s crying (Book 2) and child’s agency (Book 3) described in “Emile”, to show that Rousseau’s proposition is, in reality, manipulative and oppressive in relation to the child, being as it is based upon the all-knowing mentor, who carries out his own hidden programme. The poststructural proposition frees childhood from the regime of standardization and normalisation, taking as its starting point a problematisation of so-called, scientific developmental psychology, questioning the very term development and the role of educational institutions. The fundamental difference between the concept of the right of the child to enjoy their life in freedom formulated by Rousseau and poststructuralist concepts, is identified by the author in terms of four areas: certainty “versus” the uncertainty of deciding(differences in status given to the thesis and the project, universalism “versus” localism (differences in scope of agreed upon understandings), binary “versus” diversity (differences in accepted ontological assumptions), instruction “versus” description (differences in moral attitude towards the child).
Jeśli nie naiwność, to co? Próba rekonstrukcji idei dziecka u J.J. Rousseau
Authors: Kowalik-Olubińska Małgorzata
Published: October 2017

Categories of childlike innocence, immaturity and helplessness, which constitute the idea of a child accepted in Western societies, are regarded as obvious and undisputed. However, more and more often their obviousness is questioned by modern researchers, particularly the representatives of the new sociology of childhood, including A.W. Corsaro, A. James, C. Jenks, A. Prout, J. Qvortrup. They move away from the universal vision of an innocent child and emphasize the variety of ways of experiencing and understanding the world by children living in different social and cultural contexts. Therefore, they present the possibility to include such categories as competence and autonomy in the considerations on the construction of the image of a child. The author, assuming the above mentioned research perspective, attempts to read Rousseau’s idea of a child in the context of three pairs of contradictory categories: innocence/corruption, immaturity/competence and dependence/ autonomy. Going out of the category of child innocence makes it possible to notice that children are not only victims of aggression, but sometimes they are aggressors; that they not only submit to others, but also influence what is happening to them and around them; that they are endowed with the ability to cause events and in the same time, to be innocent and helpless beings to some extent. Such findings prove that going beyond innocence in the considerations on the child’s nature and examining it in the context of a wider range of categories is valid and legitimate. They also point at the ambiguity and complexity of the child’s nature, which allows us to question the obviousness and universalness of the idea of a child as a being that is innocent, immature, dependent and devoid of the ability to influence events.
Myśli Jana Jakuba Rousseau o wychowaniu i muzyce – ich reminiscencje w rytmice Emila Jaques-Dalcroze’a
Authors: Szatan Ewa
Published: October 2017

The text is an attempt to analyze and interpret a selection of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s thoughts about education relating to music education, the thoughts that I find as reminiscences of assumptions and methods of Emil Jaques-Dalcroze. He focuses his discourse on the issues related to the moment when the musical education of the child takes form and also on the quality of the child’s first contacts with music, and the role of parent and teacher in the child’s appreciation of music. A comparison of the assumptions regarding musical education of Rousseau and Jaques-Dalcroze may seem interesting, because, despite the passage of successive decades, they seem to be still valid, as, for example, the one that speaks of the joy of discovery that should accompany the child in the learning process.
Sprawozdanie z Międzynarodowej Konferencji Semiotycznej: ZNAK – MYŚL – SŁOWO – DZIEŁO (ze specjalnym udziałem Umberto Eco) Uniwersytet Łódzki, 24–27 września 2015 r.
Authors: Zawichrowska Marta
Published: October 2017

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Assessment of ranking algorithms in complex networks
Authors: Wołoszyn Paweł
Published: October 2017

A particularly helpful search of a network such as the Internet or a citation network not only finds nodes that satisfy some criteria but also ranks those nodes for importance to create what amounts to a “reading list”. In the recent past, there has been a large interest across a number of research communities in the analysis of complex networks. The selected set of pages from the World Wide Web can be modeled as a directed graph, where nodes are designated as individual pages, and the links as a connection between them. As the number of webpages to be ranked is in the billions, the computation is time-consuming and can take several days or more. Algorithms like PageRank, HITS, SALSA and their modifications has a challenge to deal with the size of the processed data. The need for accelerated algorithms is clear. This article presents the characteristics of three best known ranking algorithms and the assumptions for new algorithm development with first test runs.
Lab Analyses will Help Determine Filter Media Conditions
Authors: Duderstadt Eric , Polster Mike
Published: October 2017

Laboratory analysis used as a regular maintenance step can support filter media assessment.
Reach Out to Veterans to Benefit Your Utility
Authors: Brooks Peter
Published: October 2017

The US water and wastewater sector is facing a serious workforce crisis. By some estimates, nearly half of the country's top‐level water and wastewater operators ‐ the third pillar of public safety alongside firefighters and police officers ‐ will retire in the next 12 to 18 months.
How to Understand Understanding - a Tribute to Professor Torben Thrane
Authors: Jensen Helle Dam , Nølke Henning , Vikner Sten , Dam Helle Vrønning
Published: October 2017

No abstract.
Trees and Fields and Negative Polarity
Authors: Vikner Sten
Published: October 2017

The paper takes as its point of departure a comparison between two kinds of approaches to clause structure, namely tree analyses like the generative analysis and ﬁeld analyses like the sætningsskema analysis of Danish of Diderichsen (1946) and many others (or like the topologische Modell analysis of German of Drach 1937 and many others).The particular difference between the two kinds of analyses which I explore in this paper concerns c-command, which is a relationship between different constituents in a clause. I shall try to show how useful and indispensable c-command is when it comes to accounting for negative polarity items in English, Danish and German, both the more straightforward aspects and the more complex ones, e.g. the so-called NPI-verbs as well as the interaction between NPI-elements and because-clauses.