bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Efficiency of Use of Factors Production Rice Farming Polluted and Unpolluted By Slaughterhouses Waste In Penggaron Kidul Semarang
Authors: Lubis Ashilah , Setiawan Bambang , Prasetyo Edy
Published: April 2021

Penggaron Kidul is a village in Pedurungan that owns rice fields located around Slaughterhouse (RPH). It causes the rice fields polluted by waste and makes the rice productivity is not optimal. This research aimed to analyze the production factors that affected the amount of rice production, the use of production factors level, and the economic efficiency differences in the use of production factors in polluted and unpolluted fields. The survey method was employed in this research by interviewing the members of Dharma Tani Farmers using a questionnaire. The sampling method used was proportionate stratified random sampling used two populations with 80 people. The number of samples was 66 respondents categorized into 33 farmers (landowners of polluted fields) and 33 farmers (landowners of unpolluted fields). The data analysis conducted using a linear regression analysis method, analysis of Independent Sample T-test, and analysis of technical and economic efficiency then tested using analysis One Sample T-test. The result showed that the use of the land area, labor, and dummy variable of location significantly affected the amount of rice production while the factors of seed, fertilizer, and pesticides did not significantly affect the amount of rice production. The production factors of fertilizer and labor in polluted land had no different from unpolluted fields while the factors of seed and pesticides in polluted fields were different from unpolluted fields. Meanwhile, the production factors of seeds and pesticides in polluted fields were greater than in unpolluted fields. The use of production factors of land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and labor was technically and economically inefficient. The efficiency economic of production factors in polluted fields is different from unpolluted fields which unpolluted fields are more efficient than polluted fields.
Machine Learning Applied to Clinical Laboratory Data in Spain for COVID-19 Outcome Prediction: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Domínguez-Olmedo Juan L , Gragera-Martínez Álvaro , Mata Jacinto , Pachón Álvarez Victoria
Published: April 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic is probably the greatest health catastrophe of the modern era. Spain’s health care system has been exposed to uncontrollable numbers of patients over a short period, causing the system to collapse. Given that diagnosis is not immediate, and there is no effective treatment for COVID-19, other tools have had to be developed to identify patients at the risk of severe disease complications and thus optimize material and human resources in health care. There are no tools to identify patients who have a worse prognosis than others.

Objective

This study aimed to process a sample of electronic health records of patients with COVID-19 in order to develop a machine learning model to predict the severity of infection and mortality from among clinical laboratory parameters. Early patient classification can help optimize material and human resources, and analysis of the most important features of the model could provide more detailed insights into the disease.

Methods

After an initial performance evaluation based on a comparison with several other well-known methods, the extreme gradient boosting algorithm was selected as the predictive method for this study. In addition, Shapley Additive Explanations was used to analyze the importance of the features of the resulting model.

Results

After data preprocessing, 1823 confirmed patients with COVID-19 and 32 predictor features were selected. On bootstrap validation, the extreme gradient boosting classifier yielded a value of 0.97 (95% CI 0.96-0.98) for the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, 0.86 (95% CI 0.80-0.91) for the area under the precision-recall curve, 0.94 (95% CI 0.92-0.95) for accuracy, 0.77 (95% CI 0.72-0.83) for the F-score, 0.93 (95% CI 0.89-0.98) for sensitivity, and 0.91 (95% CI 0.86-0.96) for specificity. The 4 most relevant features for model prediction were lactate dehydrogenase activity, C-reactive protein levels, neutrophil counts, and urea levels.

Conclusions

Our predictive model yielded excellent results in the differentiating among patients who died of COVID-19, primarily from among laboratory parameter values. Analysis of the resulting model identified a set of features with the most significant impact on the prediction, thus relating them to a higher risk of mortality.
The screening value of mammography for breast cancer : an overview of 22 systematic reviews with evidence mapping (Preprint)
Authors: Shi Jr Jiyuan , Gao Sr Ya , Wang 2nd Peng , Zhao Liang , Wu 4th Shuang , Yang 5th Yuquan , Chen 6th Yamin , Feng 6th Hui , Tian Jinhui
Published: April 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Several meta-analyses have evaluated the screening value of mammography for breast cancer, but the overall results have remained mixed or inconclusive.
Comprehensive literature search was conducted for SRs (systematic reviews) in Chinese Biomedical Databases (CBM), Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed until July 10, 2020. SRs with meta-analysis reported the benefit and performance of mammography screening were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and performed the methodological quality assessments using The Risk Of Bias In Systematic Reviews (ROBIS). The characteristics of included SRs, the results of the quality of Risk of bias (RoBs) assessment and the pooled estimates of effect size were descriptively summarized using systematically structured tables and evidence mapping.
Twenty two systematic reviews with meta-analysis were included. Only 13.6% of SRs were assessed as low-risk bias according to the overall risk of bias rating results in ROBIS tool. Pooled estimates for a reduction in breast cancer mortality attributable to mammography screening were range from 0.51 (OR, 95% CI: 0.46-0.55) to 1.04 (RR, 95% CI: 0.84-1.27). Sensitivity of difference mammography was ranged from 55% to 91%, specificity of difference mammography was ranged from 84% to 97%. According to the results of included SRs suggested, the statistically significant was observed that digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) increased the cancer detected rate (CDR) and reduced the recall rate compared to digital mammography (DM), DM increased the CDR compared to screen-film mammography (SFM), and add DBT to digital or synthetic mammography increases the sensitivity, specificity, and CDR than DBT alone.
Further study should investigate the value of different imaging technology in breast cancer screening.
Evaluation of Mobile App-derived
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Referral Patterns in Patients Participating in a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program: A Pilot Initiative (Preprint)
Authors: Dineen Elizabeth H , Ng Daniel , Udoh Emem , Allinson Francis , Bagsic Samantha R. Spierling , Muse Evan D
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Cardiac rehabilitation is known to improve morbidity and mortality; however, it is underutilized.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot initiative will: 1) determine if a smartphone app is able to detect meaningful differences in cardiorespiratory fitness after participation in traditional cardiac rehabilitation, 2) observe cardiac rehabilitation referral patterns and 3) monitor patient engagement in cardiac rehabilitation.

METHODS

During February 2020, n = 34 patients were enrolled in outpatient phase II cardiac rehabilitation at our institution and included in the initiative. A mobile phone app, Heart Snapshot, was used to estimate VO2 max at baseline and after 4 weeks of participation in cardiac rehab. Providers were surveyed about referral patterns. The plan-do-check-act cycle was used to assess improvement.

RESULTS

The mean age was 67 (SD: 13) and ischemic heart disease was the main reason for referral. Improvement in app-derived VO2 max was positively correlated with improvement in METs. The survey revealed provider lack of understanding of conditions benefitting from cardiac rehabilitation and discrepancy regarding responsibility referring to cardiac rehabilitation.

CONCLUSIONS

Cardiac rehabilitation is an important yet underutilized intervention. There is room for improvement in provider education and ownership for cardiac rehabilitation referrals. An app-based VO2 estimate may be a solution for remotely monitoring fitness improvement.
Identification of the Chemical Constituents of the Selected Fraction of the Dichloromethane Extract of Syzygium samarangense Stem Bark Using LC-ESI-MS and Evaluation Its Potential as Antifungal Agent
Authors: Tukiran Tukiran , Suyatno Suyatno , Safitri Frisca Nadya
Published: April 2021

Several extracts of Syzygium species have been shown to inhibit the growth of some fungal microorganisms implicated in skin diseases, such as Candida albicans included S. samarangense. However, an antifungal test of C. Albicans on this plant's stem bark had not been reported. This study aimed to identify chemical constituents of the selected fraction from dichloromethane extracts of the stem bark of S. samarangense and determine the antifungal activity of the selected fraction at various concentrations on C. Albicans. The identification of the chemical constituent of the selected fraction has been performed by the LC-ESI-MS technique. An antifungal test of the selected fraction was carried out using the disk diffusion method. The samples used included the selected fraction with 5 variations of concentration (2.5; 2.0; 1.5; 1.0; and 0.5%), positive control (ketoconazole 1%), and negative control (DMSO). The results showed that the selected fraction has antifungal activity on C. Albicans. The results showed that the selected fraction contains four flavonoids: pinocembrin, uvangoletin, stercurensin, and aurentiacin. Due to antifungal activity on C. Albicans, it has moderate activity at a concentration of 2.5%, while concentrations of 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5% have weak activity.
High Reusability of NiAl LDH/Biochar Composite in the Removal Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Lesbani Aldes , Palapa Neza Rahayu , Sayeri Rabelia Juladika , Taher Tarmizi , Hidayati Nurlisa
Published: April 2021

Ni/Al layered double hydroxide was used as a starting material for composite formation with biochar as a matrix. The materials were characterized using X-ray, FTIR, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, thermal, and morphology analyses. The NiAl LDH/Biochar material is then used as an adsorbent of methylene blue from an aqueous solution. The factor that was influencing adsorption such as pH, time, methylene blue concentration, and temperature adsorption was studied systematically. The regeneration of adsorbent was performed to know the stability of NiAl LDH/Biochar under several cycle adsorption processes. The results showed that NiAl LDH/Biochar has a specific diffraction peak at 11.63° and 22.30°. NiAl LDH/Biochar has more than ten-fold surface area properties (438,942 m2/g) than biochar (50.936 m2/g), and Ni/Al layered double hydroxide (92.682 m2/g). The methylene blue adsorption on NiAl LDH/Biochar follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption model and classify as physical adsorption. The high reusability properties were found for NiAl LDH/Biochar, which was largely different from biochar and Ni/Al layered double hydroxide.
Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Al-Zarqa, Jordan
Authors: Dabaibeh Reem Naser
Published: April 2021

Al-Zarqa is experiencing challenges in industry conversion and extensive urbanization. The environmental quality of soil in the Al-Zarqa region was analyzed by Spatial analysis for the identification of sources and estimation of the concentration of heavy metals, which helped in the assessment of soil quality and heavy metal pollution. The reason for the elevation of heavy metal pollution is increased urbanization, industrialization, traffic, oil refinery emissions, and mixed anthropogenic sources in that region. The main objective of this research was to assess the ecological impact of heavy metals pollutants in the Al-Zarqa region. The concentrations of (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Fe) were estimated and compared with the existing literature. The distribution pattern of each metal was identified by spatial distribution analysis. Results revealed that metals concentration (Cd, Cr, and Ni) is higher, and the concentration of Pb, Zn, and Cu is less than the maximum allowed limits. Factor analysis identified the potential sources of heavy metals in the investigated area, and spatial distribution showed the geographical distribution of heavy metals over the study area. Consequently, it is better than showing only the individual point concentration without identifying their potential sources and their geographical variations.
Drug interaction evaluation of [99mTc]Tc-ketoconazole uptake with ketoconazole administration in Candidiasis mice model
Authors: Kurniawan Ahmad , Sugiharti Rizky Juwita , Halimah Iim , Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Sriyani Maula Eka
Published: April 2021

The use of radiopharmaceuticals for infection detection has gained increasing attention for their application in nuclear medicine. The administration of [99mTc]Tc-ketoconazole may altere pharmacological aspects including interaction data with some antifungals especially ketoconazole as a common drug for candidiasis treatment. The current study investigated the ex vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetic interaction of [99mTc]Tc-ketoconazole after ketoconazole administration in BALB/c mice. In this research,The [99mTc]Tc-ketoconazole was prepared with radiochemical purity 94.59% (n=3). The ex vivo biodistribution uptake in infected muscle as a target organ showed 0.16±0.13%ID/g for control, 0.17±0.12 for 1 h, and 0.05±0.04 for 3 h after ketoconazole administration. The Target/Non-Target (T/NT) ratio between infected muscle compared with normal muscle showed 1.19±0.13 for the control group, 2.56±1.71 for 1 h and 0.86±0.67 for 3 h. The ex vivo biodistribution also showed high radioactivity uptake on the liver, lung, spleen and kidney. Pharmacokinetics analysis using PKSolver showed [99mTc]Tc-ketoconazole half-life elimination (t1/2 beta) for the therapy group showed shorter elimination time 13.78±4.77 h compared with the control group 44.77±2.74 h after ketoconazole administration. Pharmacokinetics parameter change also occurred on the area under the curve of therapy group (AUC 0-inf) that is 26.10±18.97 %ID/g*h and maximum concentration (Cmax) 13.05±9.48 %ID/g which was related with radiopharmaceutical absorption rate. This study proves that based on biodistribution and pharmacokinetics evaluation, the [99mTc]Tc-ketoconazole application was recommended at 1 h post ketoconazole administration.
THE ANALYSIS OF FANTASY GENRE'S FORMULA ON HARRY POTTER SERIES
Authors: Ambariski Riza
Published: April 2021

This study aims to discover and analyze the formula of fantasy genre that can be found in the seven books of Harry Potter. This is a qualitative study, focusing the research on the particular literary pieces only. This study uses genre theory as the approach in order to fulfill its objective. Genre theory is commonly used to analyze popular fiction which is appropriate to do formula analysis. As the result of this study, there are at least seven formulas of fantasy genre can be found in the series of Harry Potter. Most of those formulas are regularly appear in fantasy stories, especially in popular fiction.
Racial Issues and their Influences on the Characters in Shakespeare’s Othello
Authors: Prabowo Arfian Giri
Published: April 2021

This study aims to describe the racial issues found in Othello and to analyze the influence of the issues on the characters in the play. In finding racial issues, the present writer analyses dialogues between the characters in the drama implicitly and explicitly.The author uses Abrams‘ objective approach and also some references to classify the racial issues and along with the characters based on the types of racism such as individual racism, passive racism, active racism, and internalized racism. The data were obtained by observing the play without being influenced by materials outside of the text.The result of this study indicates that there are racial issues in this play. The racial issues have a very significant effect on the characters‘ view, including Othello‘s, of the existence of black people. Othello becomes racist against himself and loses the confidence of being black, hence the cause of the fall of Othello.
The Non-Observance of Gricean Maxims in the Movie Series "Sherlock Holmes"
Authors: Suraya Najih
Published: April 2021

This research attempts to investigate the non-observance of Gricean maxims in the movie series Sherlock Holmes. In particular, it attempts to identify and classify the flouting of the maxims found in the movie. The data used in this research are dialogues containing expressions of the non-observance of Gricean maxims. Based on the data analysis, 75 cases of the flouting of Gricean maxims were found: 20 (26.6 %) cases showed the flouting of the quality maxim, 8 (10.6%) the flouting of the quantity maxim, 17 (22.6%) the flouting of the relevance maxim, 20 (26.6 %) the flouting of the manner maxim, and 10 (13.3%) the flouting of a combination of maxims. It was found in this research that the flouting of the quality maxim and the flouting of the manner maxim are considered as most commonly used strategies in the movie.
Violation of Moral Values in Bernard Shaw’s "The Doctor’s Dilemma"
Authors: Gustariana Amaryliani Sukma
Published: April 2021

The Doctor’s Dilemma is known as a tragic play which has become a success and has been reproduced several times. This play has moral values concealed within it. This study aims to find out the moral actions, the reason for Bernard Shaw’s skeptical perception towards physicians, and to learn the circumstances of medical treatment in the early 20th century by analyzing the preface, dialogues, and stage directions in the play. This study basically adopts a combination of mimetic and expressive approaches which regard The Doctor’s Dilemma as the expression of Shaw’s idea and portraits of medical and social life in early 20th century. The analysis is focused on the violation of medical ethics and social norms because they are the dominant in the play. The results of the analysis are the failure of the physician characters in the play to keep their oath as medical attendants because they violate five of eight general duties based on the medical ethic. Then, it is also found out that several characters do not obey the social norm, such as being dishonest, and doing some actions to pursue their personal benefits.
John Keats’ Mixed Feelings of Love to Fanny Brawne in "Ode on Melancholy"
Authors: Sagita Dewi
Published: April 2021

This paper tries to answer how John Keats’ feeling of love to Fanny Brawne is expressed in the poem Ode on Melancholy This research uses Expressive to find the objective. The primarydata is John Keats’ poem, Ode on Melancholy.The secondary data are the author’s biography and the letters.Thus, the result shows that Keats has conflict of his feeling and emotion,which is influenced by the early boyhood life. At the first time he meets Fanny, he pushes himself not to fall in love because of his fear of being defeated. Keats then starts to trust his feeling and realizes that he really loves Fanny. He further encourages himself to claim Fanny as his own.
A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MR. WILLY WONKA THAT SET UP THE STAGES OF THE GOLDEN TICKET CHILDREN IN ROALD DAHL'S CHARLIE AND CHOCOLATE FACTORY
Authors: Sudewo Bawono , Munandar Aris
Published: April 2021

The goal of this graduating paper is to know how the unconsciousness minds and habits linking to each other. It discusses the mind that triggers characters behavior in the Charlie and Chocolate Factory. The writer focuses on the children who get the golden tickets and the owner of the Chocolate Factory (Mr. Willy Wonka).According to Willbur S Scott with his Psychoanalysis Theory on Fictitious Characters, he stated that we can look further about the pattern which motivates the character to express something. It helps the present writer to analyze deeper, by identifying the showed which were done by the children in Roald Dahl’s Charlie and Chocolate Factory.After carying out the research, it shows that their (the five lucky children and Mr. Willy Wonka) subconscious mind triggers bad action which expelled the children from the chocolate factory and good action which made Charlie the champion.
SUNDANESE STUDENTS’ PRODUCTION OF ENGLISH DENTAL FRICATIVE CONSONANT SOUNDS
Authors: Guntari Anggi Kharismayuda
Published: April 2021

This research attempts to investigate the production of English dental fricative sounds by Sundanese students of Universitas Gadjah Mada. It aims to investigate the level of acceptability and to find out the possible factors which influence their production of these sounds. 700 sentences containing the four dental fricative consonants were obtained and used as the data of the research. The students’ production of the four consonants was then assessed by a native speaker of English for their acceptability. The results of this research show that the acceptability level as judged by the informant of the students’ production of the dental fricative sounds is low, only 13.80% on average. The highest acceptability is in the sound [f] with 45.56%. The second highest acceptability is in the sound [v] which is scored 5%. It is followed by the sound [θ] which is scored 2.78%, and the sound [ð] with 1.88%. In general, the production of the dental fricative sounds produced by Sundanese students is judged as not clear by the native speaker.
Erroneous Production of Apico-Dental Fricative Consonant Sounds by Javenese School Students
Authors: Puspandari Afrinta
Published: April 2021

This research paper aims to investigate the errors in the production of apico-dental fricative consonant sounds by Javanese high school students. Particularly, it attempts to investigate deviation and the different intensity level in producing apico-dental fricative sounds such as [θ] and [ð]. The data used in this research were 30 words containing apico-dental fricatives in initial, medial, and final positions. The results of the research show that the range intensity level between Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (OALD) and English learners is different. In initial position, the production of [θ] sound has range 52.92 dB – 59.60 dB while the deviations are at 65.83 dB – 70.98 dB; in the middle is 78.94 dB – 79.87 dB while the deviations are at 74.74 dB – 76.03 dB; in final position the range is at 85.73 dB – 88.52 dB while the deviations are at 72.81 dB – 77.35 dB. In the production of [ð] sound, the range in initial position is 61.6 dB- 62.33 dB while the deviations are at 76.47 dB – 82.08 dB; in medial position the range is 81.64 dB – 84.23 dB while the deviations occurred at 70.81 dB – 75.97 dB; in final position the range is 81.95 dB – 83.21 dB while the deviations occurred at 74.27 dB -79.98 dB. In the pronunciation process, there are seven possible errors, namely [t], [tʰ], [tʃ], [s], the deletion of [θ], [d], and [nd].
Semantic Features of ‘Noodle’ and its Related Words
Authors: Ramadhani Cahyo
Published: April 2021

The word „noodle‟ has different definitions in English dictionaries. The variety of definitions influences the variety of meaning, thus the variety of semantic features of the word. Furthermore, it influences whether a related word could be considered as „noodle‟. To identify the common semantic features of the word „noodle‟, the data are the word „noodle‟ and its definitions in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHDEL), Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary (CACD), Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of English Language (FWSDEL), Merriam-Webster Dictionary (MWD), and Oxford Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary (OALD). To identify if the common semantic features of „noodle‟ are present in noodle-related words, 39 words having the sense “noodle” were collected from Dictionary of Food. The data were analyzed using componential analysis based on theLyons' statement that words and phrases are built upon sense-components. Therefore, the data are broken down into blocks of semantic features, and then marked + if the semantic feature is present, marked +/- if the semantic feature is unlikely present, and marked – if the semantic feature is not present. The result is that the word „noodle‟ in the dictionaries has the ᴍ.ғ. ғʟᴏᴜʀ, ᴍ.ᴡ. ᴇɢɢ, and ʀɪʙʙᴏɴ features in common, with the ʀɪʙʙᴏɴ feature present in all dictionaries, thus the most important semantic feature of „noodle‟. Regarding the 39 noodle-related words, 13 words meet the most important semantic feature of „noodle‟, but only 4 words meet all the common semantic features of „noodle‟, yet 11 words do not meet the common semantic features at all. In brief, the common semantic features of „noodle‟ are not the prerequisite for any word to mean “noodle”.
Reflexive Personal Metadiscourse in Research Articles on Language Learning: A Discourse Analysis
Authors: Tjioe Lukas Nugroho
Published: April 2021

This research attempts to identify the functions of reflexive personal metadiscourse in research articles on language learning. Data for this research were taken from 17 research articles, totaling 177,309 words, published in Language Learning and Technology, an online refereed journal of language learning and technology. In total, 66 instances of reflexive personal metadiscourse were found serving 16 different functions. 93.94% of the instances commented on the on-going text, while 6.06% established interaction between the writer and the audience. The small number of occurrences of personal metadiscourse, though having various functionalities, has yet to gain considerable favor in academic writing.
Feminism in the Novel "Jane Eyre" by Charlotte Brönte
Authors: Mentari Widya Firmanilla
Published: April 2021

The research objective is to find out the ideas opposed by Feminism depicted in the novel Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Bronte. The object of the research is the main character in the Novel, Jane Eyre, as the focus of the study or limit of the research. In analyzing the object of the study, the research employs the liberal feminism theory proposed by Allison M. Jaggar. The theory applied that woman as well as man had natural rights. In fact, there are inequality that woman faces. They are man domination, inequality of education, inequality in occupation and the ownership right. The research attempts to give evidence about Jane Eyre’s effort to be an independent woman. Based on the story of Jane Eyre in the novel, the result proves that Jane Eyre is a representation of the liberal feminism.
A Study of Speech Acts in Computer Products Advertisements
Authors: Setiadi Adolf Richardo Bagus
Published: April 2021

This research, which is entitled “A Study of Speech Acts of Computer Products Advertisements ”aims to find out the illocutionary acts that exist in computer products advertisements. To get the results, the data were collected through library research. The data were collected from various foreign computer magazines. The result shows that there are two patterns of illocutionary acts that exist in computer products advertisement. i.e. assertive-expressive and directive- expressive.
Edward Tulane’s Character Development in Kate Dicamillo’s the Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane
Authors: Aqmarina Azaliasari
Published: April 2021

This article examines a novel entitled The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane by Kate Dicamillo. It aims to identify the character development of Edward Tulane, to determine the cause of his change and to find out its meaning of it applies objective approach. The result indicates that Edward Tulane’s character is developing from an arrogant to caring rabbit china doll.
The Flouting of Conversational Maxims in Make-Up Advertisements Found in People StyleWatch Magazine
Authors: Maulida Fifi Rania
Published: April 2021

This research aims to identify the types of conversational maxim that are flouted in the headlines and taglines of make-up advertisements found in three issues of People StyleWatch magazines published in August, September and October 2015, to study the implied meaning, and identify actions that a woman should take to be considered an ideal woman suggested by make-up advertisements. The result of the research shows that there are 25 headlines and taglines which flout the conversational maxims, namely maxims of quantity, maxims of quality, maxims of relation, andthe combination of the maxims. The result also shows that there are seven actions that a woman should take to be considered an ideal woman represented in each headline and taglines, namely wear make-up, wear make-up all day and everywhere, become beautiful in a fast and easy way, wear bold make-up, wear make-up to make the face healthier, wear make-up like models on the runway, and wear make-up everyday.
Translation Errors and the Strategies to Overcome them: A Case Study of Captions of Museum Displays in Yogyakarta
Authors: Muarrifa Zakia El
Published: April 2021

Museums play an important role to an area, especially in Yogyakarta, not only as a place where they keep historical, scientific, or artistic artefacts, but also as a tourism destination. Tourists from inside as well as outside of Indonesia come to these museums to educate themselves about Yogyakarta, which is famous as a “student city” and “cultural city”. However, visitors from overseas may get confused with the translation provided since many translation errors are found in the captions of museum displays. In this paper, I am going to identify, analyze and discuss the meaning based translation errors in Museum Sonobudoyo and Museum Kraton Kasultanan Ngayogyakarto Hadiningrat, and classify them to find out what most common mistakes the translators make are. After identifying and classifying the errors, the paper will move onto how to tackle the cultural-specific concept errors using note, a translation procedure by Newmark (1988) and translation steps by Larson (1998) for the non-cultural-specific concept problems.
Katniss Everdeen’s Character Development in Suzanne Collins' The Hunger Games Trilogy
Authors: Ardi Valeri Putri Mentari , Hidayat Bernadus
Published: April 2021

This research examines the character development of Katniss Everdeen, the protagonist in Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games trilogy. It attempts to investigate whether socioeconomic factors play a role in Katniss’s character development. To address this question, Marxism was adopted as the theoretical framework to analyze Katniss’s character development. The results of the research indicate that the development of Katniss Everdeen as a character is a product of the socioeconomic power struggle within the society, both coming from the socioeconomic classes and the two presidents in Panem.
Grammatical Errors Produced by UGM English Department Students
Authors: Hasan Ikhwanuddin , Munandar Aris
Published: April 2021

This research attempts to identify the grammatical errors produced by students of the English Department of UGM year 2012 in their final paper of the writing class. In particular, it attempts to classify the errors based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy proposed by Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982). The data used in this research were taken from the submitted assignments of the English Department students of Universitas Gadjah Mada year 2012 in General English, particularly nine students in writing class. We found 178 errors in fourteen linguistic categories which are divided into four parts: omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. From all the four parts, we discovered that the most frequent errors found are in the part of misformation (97 errors; 54.49%), followed by omission (38 errors; 31.11%), misordering (22 errors; 12.78%), and addition (20 errors; 11.11%). However, in the linguistic categories, the three most frequent errors found are misformation of verbal (30 errors), misordering of complex sentence (20 errors), and omission of determiner (19 errors).
Annemarie Johansen’s Stages of Growing up: Lois Lowry’s Number the Stars as a Bildungsroman
Authors: Nugraheni Dinar Tri , Hidayat Bernadus
Published: April 2021

This research examines Lois Lowry’s Number the stars, focusing on the development of Annemarie Johansen’s self-awareness and personality trait from the stage of immaturity into maturity. In line with the topic of research, the formalist approach was used as the main theoretical approach. The library research was used in collecting the data. To point out every crucial stage of Annemarie Johansen’s growing up process, the definition of Bildungsroman proposed by Dilthey (1985) was applied. The results reveal that Annemarie Johansen goes through stages of growing up processes from her immaturity into maturity throughout violent and dangerous times. The results also show that during her self-growth, Annemarie Johansen gradually develops her self-awareness and personal trait of being a courageous girl in order to survive in the harsh reality and she manages to save her good friend, Ellen, from the plan of Nazi persecution of Jews during the German occupation. Finally, she transforms herself from an innocent and frightened girl into a brave girl in a brief period.
Blending in Advertisements for Events
Authors: Sangsthita Salsabila Bunga , Moehkardi Rio Rini Diah
Published: April 2021

Blending is often used in copywriting since the construction of the new words in blending is eye-catching. This paper investigates how blends are constructed in advertisements for events. The data for the research were obtained from advertisements for events held in Yogyakarta from 2014 to 2017. The data were analyzed using Hosseinzadeh’s (2014) classification to determine the type of blends by reconstructing them and which type the most frequently used. The results show that 50 blends were found in the advertisements. Blends belonging to Types 1, 2, 3, 5 were used almost equally frequently, i.e., 22%, 20%, 20%, 28% respectively. Only two Type 4 blends (4%) were found and Types 6 and 7 blends were not found at all. However, three new blends were found (6%).
The Translation of Idioms in George Orwell’s Animal Farm
Authors: Abdi Husnul , Munandar Aris
Published: April 2021

This research aims to study the use of idioms in Animal Farm (1954) and their translation into Bahasa Indonesia. The idioms found in the original text are classified based on the classification of idioms by Adam Makkai (1972). The idiom translation strategy is identified by comparing the idioms in the source text to the translation in the target text. The research identifies 156 idioms and classifies them into phrasal verb idioms (39%), tournure idioms (34%), irreversible binomials (11%), phrasal compound idioms (14%), and incorporating verb idioms (2%). There are 4 strategies to translate an idiom following Mona Baker (1992) and 1 strategy following Newmark (1991). The idiom translation strategy is classified into translating an idiom by using an idiom of similar meaning and form (1.92%), translating an idiom by using an idiom of similar meaning but different form (1.92%), translating an idiom by using paraphrase (85.90%), translating an idiom by using omission (0.64%), and literal translation strategy (9.62%).
Request Strategies in the American TV Series Full House
Authors: Febriani Yemima , Hanidar Sharifah
Published: April 2021

This research aims to analyze the request strategies used in an American TV Series entitled Full House season 7 episodes 1-12. The main characters are family members from three different age groups (adult, teenager, and children). This research attempts to see if there is any difference on the choice of request strategies used by the three age groups. Blum-Kulka and Olshtain’s (1984) theory on request directness level is used to classify the requests. Relative power and social distance are also studied to see how they influence the characters in making their requests. The results show that mood derivable is the most frequent strategy used by all age groups. Specifically, direct request is highly used by the adult age groups. On the other hand, indirect request is mostly used by the younger age groups. The results also show that all age groups tend to use direct strategy when the social distance is negative. However, when the social distance is positive, the choice of strategy depends on the authority of the speaker.
Eugene O’Neill’s Protest about White Supremacy in All God’s Chillun Got Wings
Authors: Setyani Setyani , Hidayat Bernadus
Published: April 2021

This article investigates Eugene O’Neill’s protest against racism and white supremacy found in his play, All God’s Chillun Got Wings. O’Neill expressed his protest in relation to white supremacy as a reflection of some part of his life. Therefore, M.H. Abrams’ (1971) expressive approach is applied. To answer the research questions, the primary data of this research, i.e., excerpts from All God’s Chillun Got Wings script and Eugene O’Neill biography related to white supremacy were collected and analyzed. Dictionaries, newspapers, journals, and articles related to the play and Eugene O’Neill were used as secondary data to support the analysis.  The analysis reveals that O’Neill criticizes the different treatments because of skin colour and how to fix it. The study suggests that the different treatments related to the racial differences did not only affect the oppressed but also the oppressor. The solution Eugene O’Neill presented to remedy the situation is to see each other in the same standing regardless of the difference in racial genetics.
Anne Shirley’s Character Development and its Causes as Seen in Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery
Authors: Az-Zahra Fatimah Salsabila , Saktiningrum Nur
Published: April 2021

This research discusses the character development of Anne Shirley, the main character of the novel Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery. The objective of the research is to understand the character development of Anne Shirley and also examines the factors that cause development. The analysis is conducted by using the objective approach by M.H Abrams because the approach is suitable to analyze character, characterization, and character development. The result of this research shows that the character of Anne Shirley is developed from a loveless girl to a mature teenager. Her character development is caused by two factors, internal factor which is her own motivation and external factors which come from the people around her and new environment.
A Journey to Ethical Life: A Moral Reading of Shakespeare’s Othello through the Nasirean Ethics of Naṣir Al-Din Al-Ṭuṣi
Authors: Prasetya Mochammad Dwi Teguh , Rokhman Muh. Arif
Published: April 2021

This research is an attempt of offering a moral reading of Shakespeare’s Othello through The Nasirean Ethics (Akhlaq-i Naṣiri) by Naṣir Al-Din Al-Ṭuṣi. It aims to analyse the ethical life of the characters in it, how virtues and vices of a human soul are being reflected, as well as the social and political life in Othello as reflected by the interaction of its characters. In conducting the research, excerpts from the play are accordingly collected and investigated, and for the primary discussion, the selective materials from The Nasirean Ethics of Al-Ṭuṣi are employed. The result of the research shows that in man’s existence within the universe, cultivating virtue and removing vices are things of most importance. Othello, Iago, and Roderigo are perplexed by the vices of the soul, a quality when the golden mean of virtue is not at equilibrium. In social and political life, the ethical components of justice and love are necessary as well as the presence of law, just arbitrator, and money. This research suggests that the cultivation of morality and ethics should be the ground of every civilization.
Sarcastic Expressions in The Simpsons Movie
Authors: Padmatantri Punto , Sutrisno Adi
Published: April 2021

This research identifies the sarcastic utterances found in The Simpsons Movie. It allocates the utterances said by the characters into four categories proposed by Camp (2011): propositional, lexical, like-prefixed, and illocutionary sarcasm. After that, the categorized utterances are identified based on their illocutionary functions by using Leech’s theory (1983): collaborative, convivial, competitive, and conflictive function. The result shows that there are 20 sarcastic utterances found in the movie, 85% of which belongs to illocutionary sarcasm, and the 15% belongs to propositional sarcasm. However, the lexical sarcasm and like-prefixed sarcasm are not used by the characters in expressing sarcasm. Meanwhile, there are only three types of functions that are found in this research; collaborative, conflictive, and convivial. This research also displays evidence that sarcasm is used to protect the speaker from the unwanted consequences that might come from the hearer’s reaction. In addition to context and common ground, the hearer’s response is also necessary to detect an utterance as sarcastic expression.
Linguistic Stylistic Analysis of Instagram Poems by Rupi Kaur, Dhiman, and R.M Drake
Authors: Wiadji Livia Ayudita , Hanidar Sharifah
Published: April 2021

In the era of digitalization, poems are also published on the internet. Instagram is one of many platforms to introduce self-written poems to a broader range of readers around the world. An Instagram poem has its own writing style and aesthetics since it is written in the modern era. In this research, stylistic analysis is used to analyze the style used in Instagram poems. Rupi Kaur, Dhiman, and R. M. Drake are three Instagram poets whose poems are chosen for analysis. The poems are chosen based on the number of likes. Five most liked poems of each poet written in 2018 are the main data source used in this research. The purpose of the research is to identify the linguistic features found in poems written by Rupi Kaur, Dhiman, and R.M Drake. Out of many linguistic features, only graphology, phonology, syntax, and lexical features are analyzed in this research. The result shows that Instagram poems are mostly written in lower case letters in the same font. They also form free rhymed poems by using enjambment to break the sentences into several lines. The Instagram poets also chose their words carefully to create a specific meaning in the lines while creating a balanced emotion of word connotation.
Sarcastic Expressions and the Influence of Social Distance and Relative Power in The TV Series Friends
Authors: Shelldyriani Shaula Noorhayu , Munandar Aris
Published: April 2021

This research aims to identify and classify the sarcastic expressions found in the TV Series Friends. It applies the theory proposed by Camp (2011) which categorized sarcasm into four classes: Propositional, Lexical, Like-Prefixed, and Illocutionary Sarcasm. Considering sarcasm as a Face Threatening Act (FTA), it also analyzes the influence of relative power and social distance to see how these two social variables influence the delivery of sarcastic expressions. The findings show that Illocutionary Sarcasm is the most frequently used class of sarcasm with 30 utterances (45%) followed by Propositional Sarcasm which consists of 25 utterances (37%), Lexical Sarcasm with 10 utterances (15%) and lastly Like-Prefixed Sarcasm that have 2 utterances (3%). With Illocutionary and Propositional Sarcasm are known to be the most straightforward class of sarcasm, the results also show that these two classes of sarcasm are mainly used when the social distance (D) is negative where the interlocutors does not have the obligation to be polite due to their close intimacy. In cases where the social distance has positive value, the value of power (P) helps to determine which class of sarcasm is used. Furthermore, a clear context and common ground is essential to help identify sarcastic expressions and the intention underlying it.
Dialectic of Myth and Enlightenment: Rethinking Scientific Progress and Humanity through The Shape of Water
Authors: Hernawati Mala
Published: April 2021

Since the Scientific Revolution, the clash between myths, science, and humanity has been a recurring theme found in literary works. In the midst of today’s rapid, massive, and disruptive technological development, Guillermo del Torro and Daniel Kraus collaboratively present a historical fantasy novel, The Shape of Water, which features the issues of scientific progress and humanity in a romance between a mute lower-class woman Elisa Esposito and a mystical amphibian creature from South America, Deus Brânquia. The novel portrays Deus Brânquia as an experimental asset of the American government to be studied for the Cold War military advancement. This study aims to analyze the representation of destructive science in the novel and examine the demythologization of Deus Brânquia as a depiction of Enlightenment's impact on the modern worldview. Using critical theory on the dialectic of myth and enlightenment proposed by Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno, this study finds that The Shape of Water articulates a cynical notion to Enlightenment’s legacy as it portrays how the progress of modern science can lead to horrific domination upon the marginalized human and nonhuman creature.
Hannah Peace’s Suicide in Toni Morrison’s Sula: A Psychoanalytic Approach
Authors: Andini Nindy , Saktiningrum Nur
Published: April 2021

This research discusses Hannah Peace’s suicide by exploring her past life, from her childhood until she decides to commit suicide. This research aims to find core issues faced by her and what triggers her to commit suicide. Psychoanalysis theories and theory of suicide proposed by Shneidman are applied in this research. The results show that her suicide is caused by psychological pain which stems from many painful experiences in her past life. After exploring her distressing experiences, it can be said that Hannah faces two core issues, which are fear of abandonment and fear of intimacy. However, her suicide is not merely caused by psychological pain. There are two factors which lead to her suicide: intrapsychic and interpersonal factors. Intrapsychic factor refers to the internal psychological processes of an individual, while interpersonal factor refers to the relationship between an individual and other people.
НЕЙРОМОРФНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА
Authors: Ежов В.
Published: April 2021

Проектирование нейроморфных систем, способных имитировать биологические нейроны и синапсы, моделировать когнитивные процессы человеческого мозга, рассматривается как одно из ключевых направлений в области искусственного интеллекта. В статье рассмотрены общие принципы построения нейроморфных систем и способы реализации нейронных сетей, представлен обзор перспективных проектов в области нейроморфных вычислений.
Model Sekolah Ramah Anak Berbasis Islam Pada Tingkat Raudhatul Athfal di Aceh
Authors: Fajriah Heliati Fajriah
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk sekolah ramah anak berbasis Islam yang diimplementasikan pada Raudhatul Athfal Pidie Aceh. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data observasi dan wawancara. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Indikador yang digunakan berdasarkan pada delapan standar nasional pendidikan dengan memasukkan nilai-nilai islami. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Raudhatul Athfal di Kabupaten Pidie Provinsi Aceh belum sepenuhnya mengimplementasi sekolah ramah anak berbasis Islam. Raudhatul Athfal (RA) al-Istiqomah, yang memenuhi adalah Standar Isi 80%, Standar Proses 80%, Standar Lulusan Islami 88.89%, Standar Pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan 91.67% serta Standar Penilaian 85.71%. Sedangkan pada Raudhatul Athfal Darul Iman yang memenuhi Standar Isi adalah Standar Lulusan 100% dan standar proses 86.36%.