bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Situation Analysis of Higher Secondary Tribal Residential Schools in Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: S Bala Krishnan , Sudharsan S.
Published: August 2020

Education for tribal communities has become one of the prime focuses which is taken into account as an integral a part of socio-economic development of Schedule Tribes in Asian country. Within the recent years, there has been some improvement in providing the education for the tribal communities. The implementation of Government Tribal Residential Schools has an important role to play in raising literacy rate. With regard to the literacy rate of the tribes in Tamil Nadu is 54.34 percent. As 83.08 per cent of the tribal survives in hilly/rural areas and 16.91 per cent of them live in urban (town) areas. (2011 Census). The status of Education in Tamil Nadu for Scheduled Tribe is worser than other states of the country. Tamil Nadu is ranked third compared to all over literacy rate. In case of ST (41.53%) still it is lower than the general sections(73.57%) of the society. The socio-economic backwardness, lack of good education facility and asymmetrical structure of the society are the reasons for being lower caste of ST.  The objective of the study is to understand the impact of the Tribal residential school, set up within the tribal area of Jawadhi a hilly area in the District Tiruvannamalai. And also, the challenges faced by the students in the school. Data was collected through Interview and observation. This study intends to evaluate the Tribal Residential School with the objective to find whether the design of programme is appropriate to meet the stated objectives, whether there is any impact in decreasing the dropout rates of STs. Moreover, it will also reveal about the efficacy with which the mechanism of education promotion is pending in the process of implementation and the need for the efficient mechanism to develop it for the empowerment of tribes. The main objective of residential schools for Scheduled Tribes (STs) students is to  provide quality education to tribal students. The study suggests, to follow the guidelines that indicate the organizational structure, Manpower and Educational expertise for the Tribal welfare Department. All these tribal residential school should have separate budget plan for infrastructure, recurring, non-recurring expenditure every year and it should be included in the annual work plan & budget.
The Relationship Between Perception and Social Conflict in Society: Islam Hadhari in Malaysia
Authors: Yusna Darni , Fahmi Reza , Aswirna Prima
Published: August 2020

The research objectives: (1) Explain the history of the development of Islam in Malaysia. (2) Explain the picture of the spread of the standard positive perception of religious leaders and community members about Islam Hadhari. (3) Connecting between positive opinions of religious leaders and community members and their relation to social conflicts in Malaysia. The study used a quantitative approach. The population in this study was 200 people, of which 38 were religious leaders, and 152 were members of the community. The data collection technique was using a psychological scale. Data analysis technique using Pearson correlation. The results of this study found that generally, the positive perceptions of religious leaders and community members about Islam Nusantara and Islam Hadhari were classified as high while the social conflict during society is classified as low.
Ciri Personaliti Berkualiti Guru Sejarah Tingkatan Enam
Authors: Talin Rosy , Sharif Sabariah , Bikar Singh Soon Sigh A/L , Karim Mohd Shahudin Bin
Published: August 2020

Penjenamaan semula Tingkatan Enam yang bermula pada tahun 2012 membawa kepada perubahan dalam pentaksiran dan penilaian prestasi pelajar. Ini bermaksud apabila berlaku perubahan dalam pentaksiran dan penilaian prestasi maka berlaku juga perubahan dalam kurikulum. Kumpulan yang menerima impak daripada setiap perubahan yang terjadi adalah guru dan pelajar. Oleh itu, kajian ini, yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dilakukan untuk meneroka ciri personaliti berkualiti guru tingkatan Enam, khususnya bagi mata pelajaran Sejarah. Pengetahuan ini sedikit sebanyak dapat membantu guru dan pelajar menangani impak perubahan kurikulum yang dihadapi. Model The Big Five Personality telah dijadikan sebagai benchmark untuk menerangkan ciri personaliti berkualiti tersebut. Setelah data yang diperolehi menggunakan kaedah temubual, pemerhatian dan tinjauan dokumen dianalisis, kajian ini mendapati terdapat beberapa keadaan yang menjadi ciri personaliti berkualiti guru sejarah tingkatan Enam di tempat kajian dilakukan.
Konsep Penginstitusian Rumah Anak Yatim Miskin di Malaysia
Authors: Chik Azlini Binti , Abdul Rauf Siti Hajar Binti , Mohamad Lukman @ Zawawi Bin
Published: August 2020

Setiap negara mempunyai pandangan dan definisi yang berbeza mengenai rumah anak yatim miskin. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk menjelaskan konsep rumah anak yatim miskin berdasarkan kaian-kajian lepas dan mencadangkan satu definisi yang jelas mengenai rumah anak yatim miskin di Malaysia berdasarkan Akta Pusat Jagaan 1993. Kertas kerja ini ini merupakan kertas konsep sahaja yang dibina berdasarkan kepada sorotan kajian, analisis dokumen ke atas kajian-kajian yang telah dilakukan oleh pengkaji-pengkaji sebelum ini. Data-data sekunder dikumpul dengan mengkaji kajan- kajian lepas dari dalam dan luar negara berkaitan dengan konsep rumah anak yatim miskin. Dapatan menunjukkan setiap negara mempunyai definisi yang berbeza terhadap rumah anak yatim miskin ini.
Leisure Activity Participation Pattern Among Klang Community
Authors: Zurkifli Nur Aktif Najmi , Abdul Latif Rozita
Published: August 2020

The main purpose of this study was to identify the pattern of participation of Klang community towards leisure time activity. This study involved 421 total respondents in Klang. The methodology used was quantitative method and the instrument of the questionnaire was adapted and adopted from Godin and Shephard, (1997). Besides, the results also showed facility near a community that may be used by them and the questionnaire was adapted and adopted from Sylvia, (2004). The results showed a different group of people run different patterns of activity as these activities counted daily in a week. Overall Klang community had chosen activities in house as their most done activities such as surfing the internet and cooking. Besides, the different groups of gender used to run different sports activities same goes to a different group of ages as badminton and futsal were most sports activities done by the community. In conclusion, a different group of gender and ages run different patterns of activities in Klang.
Keperluan Dokumentasi Penyusuan Anak Susuan dalam kalangan Masyarakat di Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Safir Dhamirah Nursakinah , Salleh Siti Fatimah , Mohamad Safir Halimatus Saadiah
Published: August 2020

Realiti yang berlaku pada hari ini berkaitan dengan keperluan pengurusan dokumentasi penyusuan anak susuan sangat diperlukan ekoran berlakunya pengambilan ibu susuan yang melibatkan jarak yang jauh serta faktor inovasi dalam sains dan teknologi. Penyusuan yang berlaku secara tidak langsung menyebabkan bayi dan ibu susuan saling tidak mengenali antara satu sama lain bahkan boleh juga terjadi ibu bapa bayi tersebut tidak mengenali ibu susuan anak mereka. Hal ini demikian kerana, perhubungan antara ibu susuan dan keluarga bayi hanya berlaku di alam maya, dan susu ibu hanya dipos mengikut permintaan keluarga bayi yang memerlukan susu ibu sehingga tercetusnya hubungan nasab iaitu anak susuannya. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kaedah perpustakaan dan kaedah temu bual. Hasil pengumpulan data kajian, menunjukkan keadaan ini semakin membimbangkan apabila masyarakat yang mengamalkan budaya penyusuan anak susuan tidak mengambil tahu impak penyusuan terhadap anak susuan. Kajian ini adalah untuk mendidik dan memberikan kesedaran kepada masyarakat berkenaan dengan kepentingan dalam mengendalikan pengurusan dokumentasi penyusuan anak susuan. Pendokumentasian ini akan menjadi bukti penyusuan anak susuan dalam usaha menjaga nasab susuan selaras dengan perubahan sosial yang berlaku. Tidak adanya pengurusan dokumentasi penyusuan yang mensabitkan mahram susuan akan membawa kepada perkahwinan sesama mahram. Hasil kajian ini, menunjukkan terdapatnya keperluan dan perhatian dari pihak berkuasa dalam usaha untuk mendokumentasikan penyusuan anak susuan ini secara rasmi. Selain itu, kajian ini secara tidak langsung dapat mendidik masyarakat supaya cakna dalam mengendalikan dokumentasi penyusuan anak susuan.
Re-inscribing Budi in Contemporary 3D Malaysian Animation Characters in Geng; The Adventure Begins (2009) and BoBoiBoy: The Movie (2016)
Authors: Ahmad Fadzil Juaina , Dalal Sanghamitra
Published: August 2020

The success of Malaysian 3D animation films, Geng; The Adventure Begins (2009) and BoBoiBoy: The Movie (2016) in attracting local reception is partly due to their portrayal of the diversity of Malaysian ethnicity, traditions and moral values which the local audience may find relatable. Although these films portray modernity, the values represented are based on the traditional Malay concept of Budi re-inscribed in the characters’ personalities. The concept of Budi in this paper employs the academic study of Lim Kim Hui (2003a) and it includes my attempt to argue that this traditional asset can be re-imagined in the contemporary digital form which can be analysed through the main characters’ personalities in the selected films. Personality is one of the key principles of animation introduced by Lasseter (1987) for the 3D animation format and with it, helps shape characters to be unique and recognizable as depicted in their behaviours, habits as well as interaction with other characters. In addition, I employ Smith’s “structure of sympathy” to explain the spectator’s engagement with the fictional personalities portrayed on screen. The concept of Budi re-inscribed in characters of contemporary 3D Malaysian animation films proves that traditional values are not lost in modern times. Animation films are mostly watched by younger audiences, therefore Budi as a traditional moral concept can be sustained and disseminated to the younger generation in digital form.
The Relationship Between PSiKKIT Factors and Packaging Innovation Behavior: A Survey Among Micro-Food Entrepreneurs
Authors: Amat Mahani , Ishak Suraiya
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude, awareness, finance, institutional networking and technology (PSiKKIT) factors and packaging innovation behavior among micro-food entrepreneurs. This study uses a Theory of Planned Behavior is appropriate to be applied in the marketing area and entrepreneurs behavior context. A total of 40 micro entrepreneurs on food under agency guidance in Selangor were selected as a sample through a systematic random sampling technique. The instruments of this study using questionnaires that have been validated by expert to evaluate and have good reliability. The data were analyzed statistically inference using Pearson’s correlating test and multiple linear regression techniques. The findings indicate that there is a significant high and positive linear relationship between institutional networking, attitude, awareness and packaging innovation behavior. On the other hand, knowledge, finance and technology indicate non-significant relationship. The findings of this study also reported that the combination of predictor variables PSiKKIT contributed significantly to the behavior of packaging innovation. In fact, the institutional networking as the dominant predictor factor contributes to the innovation behavior of packaging. The implications of this study have been that the factors of PSiKKIT and the behavior of packaging innovations have different influences. The study also suggested that guidance agencies should focus more on institutional networks, raising awareness, financial support and technology support to promote the practice of packaging innovation among micro-food entrepreneurs.
Kajian Keberkesanan Penggunaan Buku Bergambar dalam Kemahiran Menulis Bahasa Cina Tahun Dua
Authors: Chai Chooi Wei , Ng Miew Hoon
Published: August 2020

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membanding antara pengajaran dengan buku bergambar dalam penulisan ayat dan pengajaran tradisional yang menggunakan kosa kata, dengan melihat perbezaan kaedah penggunaan buku bergambar dan pengajaran tradisional terhadap skor pencapaian penulisan ayat Bahasa Cina murid tahun dua. Kajian ini juga mengenal pasti tahap minat murid terhadap pengajaran yang berpandukan buku bergambar. Kajian berbentuk kuasi-eksperimental ini dilaksanakan dalam 8 minggu di dua buah Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina. Seramai 44 orang responden terlibat dalam kajian ini. Mereka terdiri daripada 21 orang responden sebagai kumpulan rawatan dan 23 orang responden sebagai kumpulan kawalan. Data kajian dikutip melalui ujian pra, ujian pasca dan soal selidik bagi mengesan skor pencapaian penulisan ayat dan tahap minat murid. Hasil kajian menunjukkan (i) kesan kaedah buku bergambar terhadap skor pencapaian penulisan ayat murid adalah positif, iaitu terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan di antara min skor ujian pasca berbanding min skor ujian pra, dan (ii) tahap minat murid terhadap pembelajaran buku bergambar adalah positif. Kesimpulan kajian membuktikan penggunaan buku bergambar dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran telah mempertingkatkan skor pencapaian penulisan ayat Bahasa Cina dan minat murid tahun dua. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan penggunaan buku bergambar dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran dapat mempertingkatkan kesan penulisan ayat Bahasa Cina.
Tahap Pengamalan Kemahiran Pemikiran Sejarah Melalui Penggunaan Sumber Digital Sejarah dalam Pendekatan Flipped Classroom
Authors: Kaviza M.
Published: August 2020

Kajian berbentuk deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap pengamalan kemahiran pemikiran sejarah dan konstruknya iaitu kemahiran memahami kronologi, kemahiran meneroka bukti, kemahiran membuat interpretasi, kemahiran membuat imaginasi dan kemahiran membuat rasionalisasi melalui penggunaan sumber digital sejarah dalam pendekatan Flipped Classroom. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 32 orang murid Tingkatan Satu melalui teknik persampelan berkelompok dijadikan sampel kajian ini. Soal selidik yang diadaptasi yang telah disahkan oleh pakar penilai dalam bidang pendidikan sejarah dan mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang baik dijadikan instrumen kajian ini. Data kajian ini telah dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi iaitu ujian-t sampel tak bersandar dan ujian MANOVA melalui perisian IBM SPSS versi 24. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa tahap pengamalan kemahiran pemikiran sejarah dan kelima-lima konstruknya adalah sederhana. Selain itu, tahap pengamalan kemahiran pemikiran sejarah dan konstruknya juga berada pada tahap sederhana bagi murid lelaki dan perempuan walaupun hanya kemahiran memahami kronologi sahaja yang dilaporkan berada pada tahap tinggi bagi murid perempuan. Tambahan pula, dapatan kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi min pengamalan kemahiran pemikiran sejarah dan kelima-lima konstruknya berdasarkan jantina. Implikasi kajian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber rujukan kepada guru-guru sejarah dalam merancang inovasi dalam kaedah pengajaran dan pembelajaran sejarah sedia ada.
Pengaruh Kejayaan Graduan Sarjana Muda Sains Pembinaan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) dalam Kerjaya yang Diceburi
Authors: Mohd Ishar Mohamad Izzuan , Ismail Fuziah
Published: August 2020

Faktor utama kejayaan para graduan adalah berdasarkan diri sendiri iaitu tindakan yang dilakukan oleh graduan seperti berdikari, bersikap positif dan menjaga kesihatan dalam memenuhi keperluan kerjaya yang diceburi. Melalui kerjaya juga, manusia mendapat rezeki untuk menyara hidupnya, memberi nafkah kepada orang yang berada dibawah tangunngannya dan berbakti kepada masyarakat. Melalui kajian sebelum ini, penyelidik telah menghasilkan satu laluan kerjaya bagi kursus Sarjana Muda Sains Pembinaan (SBC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) yang didapati melalui kaedah soal selidik para graduan SBC tahun 2007 dan 2008 agar dapat dirujuk oleh pelajar kursus ini. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini, dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti faktor kejayaan para graduan dalam bekerjaya. Seramai 15 orang graduan SBC 2007 dan 15 orang graduan SBC 2008 terlibat bagi kajian ini. Penyelidik mendapati faktor kejayaan yang dicapai akan menghasilkan kepuasan di mana kesemua 30 responden menyatakan mereka berpuas hati dengan kejayaan yang dikecapi dalam kerjaya sepanjang mereka berkerja bermula dari selepas mereka bergraduasi sehingga tahun 2013.
Pengurusan Pusat Jagaan Kanak-Kanak Berkediaman (Persendirian / NGO) di Negeri Selangor
Authors: Syed Chear Syed Lamsah , Darkasi Said , Darini Fadliah , Jaswir Irma Syuryani , Abdul Hamid Noor Izzati
Published: August 2020

Selangor dianggap sebagai negeri termaju di Malaysia serta menjadi pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Tanpa diduga Selangor merupakan antara negeri yang menerima jumlah tertinggi bantuan kanak-kanak selepas Sarawak, Sabah, Kelantan dan Johor. Selangor mencatatkan jumlah terbanyak pusat jagaan kanak-kanak berdaftar dan jumlah penghuni tertinggi. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk meninjau operasi Pusat Jagaan Kanak-Kanak Berkediaman (Persendirian/Swasta/NGO) di negeri Selangor. Data kajian diperolehi melalui lawatan dan pemerhatian di lapangan, temubual berstruktur dengan pengurus institusi dan semakan dokumen. Sebanyak 46 buah institusi telah dilawati dalam tempoh kajian. Bagaimanapun hanya 28 buah institusi yang bersedia terlibat dengan kajian iaitu mewakili 42% daripada jumlah institusi di seluruh negeri Selangor. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahawa tahap kualiti pengurusan Pusat Jagaan Kanak-Kanak Berkediaman (Persendirian/Swasta/NGO) di negeri Selangor amnya adalah baik kerana mempunyai fasiliti minima yang diperlukan serta diuruskan oleh individu yang berkelayakan. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar agensi-agensi berwajib di peringkat negeri khususnya yang berkaitan dengan perkhidmatan sosial dan kemasyarakatan memberi lebih perhatian terhadap pengoperasian rumah kebajikan kanak-kanak. Ianya penting untuk memastikan kanak-kanak dalam jagaan rumah kebajikan berpeluang membangunkan diri dengan cara yang sama berkualiti seperti kanak-kanak dalam jagaan ibu-bapa agar mereka mampu dan lebih bersedia untuk meneroka kehidupan serta menghadapi cabaran selepas keluar daripada institusi jagaan.
A Study of Motives in Choosing Natural Cosmetics Among Indonesian Women
Authors: Syahrul Sabila Anjani , Mayangsari Lidia
Published: August 2020

Due to its stable yet continuous growth, the beauty industry has intensely diversified both its marketing and managerial orientation toward consumer demands. The growth is in response to customer trends towards healthier lifestyles, where women aged within the range of 18 and 34 are concerned regarding the ingredients of the beauty products they purchase when it comes to selecting a specific cosmetic product. This study aims to measure the influence between consumption value (functional value, social value, conditional value, epistemic value, and emotional value) on motives in choosing natural cosmetics among 243 Indonesian Women specifically in Jabodetabek and Bandung. This research is conducted by questionnaire and analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis in SmartPLS Software. The result of this research indicates that functional value, conditional value, epistemic value, and emotional value have positively influenced motives in choosing natural cosmetic products, where social value negatively influences motives in choosing natural cosmetics products. In applying the results of this research into marketing planning, natural cosmetics SMEs in Indonesia are advised to consider incorporating consumption values such as functional values, emotional values, conditional values, and epistemic values associated with the marketing of the product itself.
ILMU PEMERINTAHAN: ANTI PADA POLITIK, LUPA PADA HUKUM, DAN ENGGAN PADAADMINISTRASI
Authors: Eko Yunanto Sutoro
Published: August 2020

Ilmu Pemerintahan (IP) adalah khas Indonesia, yang tidak dikenal di belahan dunia lain. Tetapi IP selalumemperoleh stimulus eksternal: kolonialisme, developmentalisme dan neoliberalisme. Para pendirimembuatIP untuk alasan aksiologis-praktis, tanpa disertai dengan ontologi dan epistemologi yang memadai. Secaraontologis, konsep pemerintah merupakan tradisi Anglo Saxon, tetapi pemerintahan diambil dari tradisihukum Eropa Kontinental dan bestuurskunde warisan kolonial, yang di negeri asal disebut administrasi. IPsukses mencetak banyak birokrat, tetapi ia tidak membawa roh â€œpemerintahan rakyatâ€ dan tidak sanggupmencerahkan praktik pemerintahan Indonesia, melainkan hanya ikut menjaga law and order yang diwarisidari beamtenstaat kolonial. Developmentalisme dan administrasi negara datang mewarnai Orde Baru,sekaligus juga membentuk sosok IP. Dekade 1990-an Ilmu Politik datang melakukan â€˜subversiâ€™ terhadapIP, yang sanggup melucuti warna hukum, tetapi tidak merekonstruksi IP. Di era reformasi, studi politiksemakin jauh dari pemerintahan, dan IP mengikuti tradisi neoliberalisme, dengan memahami pemerintahansebagai manajemen publik dan governance. Hari ini, IP anti pada politik, lupa pada hukum, dan engganpada administrasi. Ia mengalami krisis identitas, yang tidak sanggup membedakan antara AdministrasiPublik dan IP. Krisis epistemologi juga terjadi, yakni klaim IP sebagai disiplin ilmu tidak disertai denganpenggunaan pemerintahan sebagai subjek dan perspektif untuk memahami dan menjelaskan fenomenasosia
Um Corpo que Arde: Corporeidade e Produção de Subjetividade em Clarice Lispector
Authors: Pojar Giovanna Bucioli , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio
Published: August 2020

Este estudo tem como tema a corporeidade, entendendo a experiência do ser no mundo e sua subjetivação a partir do corpo. Procura investigar como a corporeidade aparece na obra de Clarice Lispector a partir da análise de dois de seus contos: Amor, do livro Laços de família, e Melhor do que arder, de A via crucis do corpo. A análise foi empreendida a partir da literatura sobre corporeidade, notadamente os estudos de Merleau-Ponty e de Foucault. Os contos levantam a questão do sujeito corpóreo, não cartesiano, valorizando o importante papel da corporeidade nos processos de subjetivação, que não se manifestam a partir de uma “consciência interior”, mas no próprio corpo, proporcionando uma reflexão acerca das práticas e da ideia de sujeito adotadas pela Psicologia.
Revisão Narrativa sobre Schadenfreude: O Prazer Malicioso e as Relações Intergrupais
Authors: Almeida Saulo Santos Menezes , Assis Vanessa Andrade de , Cerqueira Ícaro Batista de
Published: August 2020

Schadenfreude é um termo alemão que tem como significado o prazer malicioso frente à adversidade alheia. Esse sentimento possui relação com inúmeras variáveis, entre as quais: a inveja, o merecimento e os relacionamentos intergrupais. Sendo assim, esse sentimento pode impactar o contato entre os indivíduos, tanto de forma positiva quanto negativa. A importância do referido assunto para as relações sociais, econômicas e políticas, bem como as contradições e interrogações da schadenfreude, com a escassez de pesquisas dentro do âmbito nacional, fomentaram a construção desta revisão narrativa. A partir da literatura encontrada, foram contemplados 17 artigos, nacionais e internacionais, utilizando como critério de inclusão o termo schadenfreude no título ou nas palavras-chave. Além disso, deveriam relacionar-se à área da Psicologia, enfatizando seus resultados e suas limitações para extensão do conhecimento sobre o tema e para demarcações em direção à construção de novas pesquisas nessa área. Dessa forma, este artigo possibilita um entendimento da perspectiva e da compreensão do panorama sobre os estudos da schadenfreude, sendo associado com termos como simpatia, merecimento do infortúnio, moralidade e mecanismo evolutivo de aversão à iniquidade. Observa-se que a produção científica nacional ainda é escassa, de modo que se faz necessário seu crescimento, assim como das produções internacionais. Um fator positivo é a existência de estudos com levantamentos empíricos de coleta de dados que encontraram resultados efetivos, demonstrando que essa é uma área que pode ser mais bem explorada.
Arranjos de Moradia de Idosos: Associação com Indicadores Sociodemográficos e de Saúde
Authors: Rabelo Dóris Firmino , Rocha Nara Maria Forte Diogo , Pinto Juliana Martins
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o arranjo de moradia, como um indicador de vulnerabilidade social, e suas relações com indicadores sociodemográficos e de saúde de idosos do interior da Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com amostra de 134 idosos, entrevistados em domicílio. Avaliou-se os arranjos de moradia e suas associações com sexo; idade; chefia familiar; contribuição financeira; número de doenças, sinais e sintomas; desempenho em atividades de vida diária e envolvimento social. Foram realizados testes estatísticos para comparação de frequência entre os grupos (qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher). Viver sozinho ou acompanhado, com ou sem descendentes, teve associações com indicadores sociodemográficos (chefia e contribuição financeira). Viver com ou sem cônjuge associou-se com medidas de saúde, sexo e idade, o que pode indicar a importância desse membro familiar para o bem‑estar do idoso.
Ageísmo: Percepção de Pessoas Idosas Usuárias do Cras
Authors: Fernandes-Eloi Juliana , Silva Angélica Maria de Sousa , Silva Josevânia Da
Published: August 2020

O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o preconceito contra idade vivenciado por pessoas idosas usuárias de um Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (Cras). Participaram 217 idosos, com idades entre 60 a 93 anos, sendo maioria do sexo feminino (82,9%). Utilizou-se um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica, a escala Ageism Survey em sua versão adaptada e um diário de campo. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e bivariada e os dados qualitativos, através da análise de conteúdo do tipo categorial temática. Os resultados apontaram para uma maior predominância da ocorrência de discriminação contra pessoas idosas em relação a associar dor à idade (61,8%), ser demasiado velho para fazer algo (57,6%) e paternalismo (52,5%), entretanto as pessoas idosas participantes da pesquisa tendem a não perceber tais atitudes como uma forma de preconceito e/ou discriminação. É preciso maior investimento na desnaturalização da vivência do ageísmo, que se faz tão presente no cotidiano das pessoas idosas.
Observed Trends of Clouds and Precipitation (1983–2009): Implications for Their Cause(s)
Authors: Zhong Xiang , Liu Shaw Chen , Liu Run , Wang Xinlu , Mo Jiajia , Li Yanzi
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Satellite observations (ISCCP, 1983–2009) of linear trends in cloud cover are compared to those in global precipitation (GPCP pentad V2.2, 1983–2009), to investigate possible cause(s) of the linear trends in both cloud cover and precipitation. The spatial distributions of the linear trends of total cloud cover and precipitation are both characterized primarily by the widening of Hadley circulation and poleward shifts of the jet streams associated with global warming. Our studies suggest that global warming, AMO and PDO can explain 67 %, 49 % and 38 %, respectively, of the spatial variabilities of the linear trends in cloud cover. A linear combination of global warming and AMO can explain as much as 74 % and 79 %, respectively, of the spatial variabilities of linear trends in cloud cover and precipitation. Analysis of the cloud cover and precipitation data (1957–2005) from Chinese surface meteorological stations reveals a quantitative matching relationship between the reduction in light precipitation and the reduction of total cloud cover. Furthermore, our study suggests that the reduction of cloud cover in China is primarily driven by the moisture–convection–latent heat feedback cycle under increasing global temperature conditions, PDO plays a secondary role, and the contribution from AMO and Niño3.4 is insignificant, consistent with the global analysis.
Opinion: Cloud-phase climate feedback and the importance of ice-nucleating particles
Authors: Murray Benjamin J. , Carslaw Kenneth S. , Field Paul R.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Shallow clouds covering vast areas of the world's mid- and high-latitude oceans play a key role in dampening the global temperature rise associated with CO2. These clouds, which contain both ice and supercooled water, respond to a warming world by transitioning to a state with more liquid water and a greater albedo, resulting in a negative cloud-phase climate feedback component. Here we argue that the magnitude of the negative cloud-phase feedback component depends on the amount and nature of the small fraction of aerosol particles that can nucleate ice crystals. We propose that a concerted research effort is required to reduce substantial and important uncertainties related to the poorly understood sources, concentration, seasonal cycles and nature of these ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and their rudimentary treatment in climate models. The topic is important because many climate models may have overestimated the magnitude of the cloud-phase feedback, and those with better representation of shallow oceanic clouds predict a substantially larger climate warming. We make the case that understanding the present-day INP population in shallow clouds in the cold-sector of cyclone systems is particularly critical for defining present-day cloud phase and therefore how the clouds respond to warming. We also need to develop a predictive capability for future INP emissions in a warmer world with less ice and snow and potentially stronger INP sources.
An uncertainty-based protocol for the setup and measurement of soot/black carbon emissions from gas flares using sky-LOSA
Authors: Conrad Bradley M. , Johnson Matthew R.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Gas flaring is an important source of atmospheric soot/black carbon, especially in sensitive Arctic regions. However, emissions have traditionally been challenging to measure and remain poorly characterized, confounding international reporting requirements and adding uncertainty to climate models. The sky-LOSA optical measurement technique has emerged as a powerful means to quantify flare black carbon emissions in the field, but broader adoption has been hampered by the complexity of its deployment, where decisions during setup in the field can have profound, non-linear impacts on achievable measurement uncertainties. To address this challenge, this paper presents a prescriptive measurement protocol and associated open-source software tool that simplifies acquisition of sky-LOSA data in the field. Leveraging a comprehensive Monte Carlo-based General Uncertainty Analysis (GUA) to predict measurement uncertainties over the entire breadth of possible measurement conditions, general heuristics are identified to guide a sky-LOSA user toward optimal data collection. These are further extended in the open-source software utility, SetupSkyLOSA, which interprets the GUA results to provide detailed guidance for any specific combination of location, date/time, and flare, plume, and ambient conditions. Finally, a case study of a sky-LOSA measurement at an oil and gas facility in Mexico is used to demonstrate the utility of the software tool, where potentially small region(s) of optimal instrument setup are easily and quickly identified. It is hoped that this work will help increase the accessibility of the sky-LOSA technique and ultimately the availability of field measurement data for flare black carbon emissions.
High-resolution global map of smallholder and industrial closed-canopy oil palm plantations
Authors: Descals Adrià , Wich Serge , Meijaard Erik , Gaveau David L. A. , Peedell Stephen , Szantoi Zoltan
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Oil seed crops, especially oil palm, are among the most rapidly expanding agricultural land uses, and their expansion is known to cause significant environmental damage. Accordingly, these crops often feature in public and policy debates, which are hampered or biased by a lack of accurate information on environmental impacts. In particular, the lack of accurate global crop maps remains a concern. Recent advances in machine learning and remotely-sensed data access make it possible to address this gap. We present an up-to-date map of closed-canopy oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations by typology (industrial vs. smallholder plantations) at the global scale and with an unprecedented detail (10-meter resolution). Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data were used to train a DeepLabv3+ model, a convolutional neural network (CNN) for semantic segmentation. The characteristic backscatter response of closed-canopy oil palm stands in Sentinel-1 and the ability of CNN to learn the spatial patterns, such as the harvest road networks, allowed the distinction between industrial and smallholder plantations globally (overall accuracy = 97.5 % and kappa = 84.9 %). The user's accuracy in industrial and smallholders was 73.8 % and 89.4 %, and the producer's accuracy was 85.6 % and 78.8 % respectively. The global oil palm layer reveals that oil palm plantations are found in 47 tropical countries. Southeast Asia ranks as the main producing region with 17.47 × 106 ha, or 90 % of global plantations. Our analysis confirms significant regional variation in the ratio of industrial versus smallholder growers, but also that, from a typical land development perspective, large areas of legally defined smallholder oil palm resemble industrial-scale plantings. The overall oil palm surface per country is similar to the harvested area reported by FAO, except for countries in Western Africa, where our estimates are lower due to the omission of feral oil palm plantations. In Indonesia, the world's largest producer, our planted area estimate is higher because FAO does not report unregistered landholdings. Our model identifies primarily closed-canopy oil palm stands and misses young or sparsely planted oil palm stands. An accurate global map of planted oil palm can help to shape the ongoing debate about the environmental impacts of oil seed crop expansion, especially if other crops can be mapped to the same level of accuracy. As our model can be regularly rerun as new imagery is published, it can be used to reliably to monitor the expansion of a crop. The global oil palm layer for the second half of the year 2019 at a spatial resolution of 10 meters can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884602 (Descals et al., 2020).
Evaluating simulated climate patterns from the CMIP archives using satellite and reanalysis datasets using the Climate Model Assessment Tool (CMATv1)
Authors: Fasullo John T.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. An objective approach is presented for scoring coupled climate simulations through an evaluation
against satellite and reanalysis datasets during the satellite era (i.e., since 1979). The approach
is motivated, described, and applied to available Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP)
archives and the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Version 1 Large Ensemble archives with the
goal of robustly benchmarking model performance and its evolution across CMIP generations. A
scoring system is employed that minimizes sensitivity to internal variability, external forcings,
and model tuning. Scores are based on pattern correlations of the simulated mean state, seasonal
contrasts, and ENSO teleconnections. A broad range of feedback-relevant fields is considered and
summarized on discrete timescales (climatology, seasonal, interannual) and physical realms (energy
budget, water cycle, dynamics). Fields are also generally chosen for which observational
uncertainty is small compared to model structural differences. Highest mean variable scores across models are reported for well-observed fields such as sea level
pressure, precipitable water, and outgoing longwave radiation, while the lowest scores are reported
for 500 hPa vertical velocity, net surface energy flux, and precipitation minus
evaporation. The fidelity of models is found to vary widely both within and across CMIP
generations. Systematic increases in model fidelity in more recent CMIP generations are
identified, with the greatest improvements occurring in dynamic and energetic fields. Such
examples include shortwave cloud forcing and 500 hPa eddy geopotential height and relative
humidity. Improvements in ENSO scores with time are substantially greater than for climatology or
seasonal timescales. Analysis output data generated by this approach are made freely available online from a broad range
of model ensembles, including the CMIP archives and various single-model large ensembles. These
multimodel archives allow for an expeditious analysis of performance across a range of
simulations, while the CESM large ensemble archive allows for estimation of the influence of
internal variability on computed scores. The entire output archive, updated and expanded
regularly, can be accessed at http://webext.cgd.ucar.edu/Multi-Case/CMAT/index.html (last access: 18 August 2020).
Analytical solutions for mantle flow in cylindrical and spherical
shells
Authors: Kramer Stephan C. , Davies D. Rhodri , Wilson Cian R.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Computational models of mantle convection must accurately represent curved boundaries and the associated boundary conditions within a 3-D spherical shell, bounded by Earth's surface and the core-mantle boundary. This is also true for comparable models in a simplified 2-D cylindrical geometry. It is of fundamental importance that the codes underlying these models are carefully verified prior to their application in a geodynamical context, for which comparisons against analytical solutions are an indispensable tool. However, analytical solutions for the Stokes equations in these geometries, based upon simple source terms that adhere to natural boundary conditions, are often complex and difficult to derive. In this paper, we present the analytical solutions for a smooth polynomial source and a delta-function forcing, in combination with free-slip and zero-slip boundary conditions, for both 2-D cylindrical and 3-D spherical shell domains. We study the convergence of the Taylor Hood (P2-P1) discretisation with respect to these solutions, within the finite element computational modelling framework Fluidity, and discuss an issue of suboptimal convergence in the presence of discontinuities. To facilitate the verification of numerical codes across the wider community, we provide a python package, Assess, that evaluates the analytical solutions at arbitrary points of the domain.
Combining Ensemble Kalman Filter and Reservoir Computing to predict spatio-temporal chaotic systems from imperfect observations and models
Authors: Tomizawa Futo , Sawada Yohei
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Prediction of spatio-temporal chaotic systems is important in various fields, such as Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). While data assimilation methods have been applied in NWP, machine learning techniques, such as Reservoir Computing (RC), are recently recognized as promising tools to predict spatio-temporal chaotic systems. However, the sensitivity of the skill of the machine learning based prediction to the imperfectness of observations is unclear. In this study, we evaluate the skill of RC with noisy and sparsely distributed observations. We intensively compare the performances of RC and Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) by applying them to the prediction of the Lorenz 96 system. Although RC can successfully predict the Lorenz 96 system if the system is perfectly observed, we find that RC is vulnerable to observation sparsity compared with LETKF. To overcome this limitation of RC, we propose to combine LETKF and RC. In our proposed method, the system is predicted by RC that learned the analysis time series estimated by LETKF. Our proposed method can successfully predict the Lorenz 96 system using noisy and sparsely distributed observations. Most importantly, our method can predict better than LETKF when the process-based model is imperfect.
OBJECT-BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT SPATIAL RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERIES IN URBAN AND SUBURBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kotaridis I. , Lazaridou M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Monitoring urban and suburban land cover has become a particularly researched investigation field in remote sensing community, since there is a large amount of professionals interested in gathering useful information, regarding urban sprawl and its side effects in natural vegetation, urban parks and water bodies. This paper focuses on studying the implementation of an object-based image analysis methodological framework, in Orfeo ToolBox. Moderate, high and very high spatial resolution satellite images were utilized in order to generate thematic land cover maps of the study area located in Thessaloniki, Greece. Taking into consideration that there is not a relevant research in literature concerning the selection of segmentation parameters values, the optimal values are presented for MeanShift segmentation algorithm. Classifications were conducted with the use of Support Vector Machines algorithm and the final outputs are presented, accompanied by the evaluation of accuracy assessments which is a mandatory step in every remote sensing project. The analysis showed that OBIA, in this case, works well with Landsat-8 and QuickBird data and exceptionally well with Sentinel-2A data with over 90% overall accuracy. Critical considerations on the aforementioned are also included.
ESTIMATION OF SOIL HEAVY METAL COMBINING FRACTIONAL ORDER DERIVATIVE
Authors: Chen L. , Tan K.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. It is important for the sustainable development of soil and monitoring the soil quality to obtain the heavy metal contents. Visible and near-infrared (Vis–NIR) spectroscopy provides an alternative method for soil heavy metal estimation. A total of 80 soil samples collected in Xuzhou city of China were utilized as data sets for calibration and validation to establish the relationship between the soil reflectance and soil heavy metal content. To amplify the weak spectral characteristic, improve the estimation ability, and explore the characteristic band regions, the preprocessing method of fractional order derivative (FOD) (intervals of 0.25, range of 0–2) and the wavebands selection method of interval partial least squares regression (IPLS) are introduced in this paper. Combining these two methods, for Chromium (Cr), the best estimation model yields Rp2 and RMSRp values of 0.97 and 2.20, respectively, when fractional order is 0.5. This paper explores the potential that FOD conducts the most appropriate order to preprocess spectra and IPLS selects the feature band regions in estimating soil heavy metal of Cr. The results show that FOD and IPLS can strengthen the soil information and improve the accuracy and stability of soil heavy metal estimation effectively.
WATER AREA OBSERVATION EXPERIMENT USING OPTICAL SENSOR FOR EXTRACTING INUNDATION BOUNDARY AT NIGHT
Authors: Nakano T. , Endo R. , Ohno H. , Iwahashi J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. During the occurrence of floods, the government generally tries to determine the extent of the continuously changing inundation (water) area as a disaster response for planning evacuations and designing drainage systems. One of the most common methods to identify this area during the daytime involves the interpretation of aerial optical images and videos that are obtained using an airplane, helicopter, or satellite. However, these aerial approach methods have not been established convincingly for their use during the night time. Therefore, to identify the water area at night, two hand-held optical sensors were used in this study, namely: an ultrasensitive camera (Sony SL camera α7S), and a thermal infrared camera (Optris thermography PI640). The night-time aerial performance was evaluated using a helicopter, along with a supplementary night-time examination on the ground. Herein, we targeted river water areas during normal conditions. As a result, it was determined that the water area could be identified clearly with an ultrasensitive camera that has an ISO sensitivity between 51200 and 102400. The thermal infrared camera was able to identify the water area to have a higher temperature than that of the surrounding area. However, in some cases, the water area boundaries were not clear. Thus, as the thermal infrared camera was susceptible to varying conditions, supplemental use of an ultrasensitive camera was determined to be effective for the identification of inundation (water) areas at night. The significance of this study is established by the fact that the studied sensors can be easily transported in a helicopter or mounted on a UAV for night-time applications.
OPERATIONAL PIPELINE FOR A GLOBAL CLOUD-FREE MOSAIC AND CLASSIFICATION OF SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
Authors: Swaine M. , Smit C. , Tripodi S. , Fonteix G. , Tarabalka Y. , Laurore L. , Hyland J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Global Earth observation from satellite images is an active research topic, driven by numerous applications, such as telecommunications, defence, natural hazard monitoring and urban management. The recently launched twin Sentinel-2 satellites acquire 13-band optical data with a 2–5 day revisit time, freely available for any use, and thus very valuable for global Earth observation. In this paper, we present a completely automatic operational chain for a global cloud-free mosaic and classification of Sentinel-2 images. The proposed pipeline enables producing the world 10-m cloud-free mosaic, and a 6-class landcover classification map.
EXPLOITING SENTINEL-1 SAR TIME SERIES TO DETECT GRASSLANDS IN THE NORTHERN BRAZILIAN AMAZON
Authors: Carneiro A. F. , Oliveira W. V. , Sant'Anna S. J. S. , Doblas J. , Vaz D. V.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Recent advances in cloud-computing technologies and remote sensing data availability foster the development of studies based on the analysis of optical and SAR imagery time series. In this paper, we assess the potential of Sentinel-1 imagery time series for grassland detection in the northern Brazilian Amazon. We used the Google Earth Engine cloud-computing platform as an alternative to obtain and analyse Sentinel-1 imagery, acquired from 2017 to 2018 over the region of Mojuí dos Campos/PA, Brazil. We extracted several temporal metrics from the imagery time series and used the Random Forest algorithm to perform the classification. In addition, we analysed the time series considering different channels, including the VV and VH polarizations, both separately and in combination, and the CR, RGI and NL indices. We could efficiently discriminate areas of grasslands from forest and agricultural crops using either VH time features or features extracted from the combination of both VV and VH polarizations. The classification map that resulted from the combination of VV and VH data presented the highest accuracy, with an overall accuracy of 95.33% and a 0.93 kappa index. Despite simple, the approach adopted in this paper showed potential to differ grasslands from areas of agriculture and forest in the northern Brazilian Amazon.