bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Astronomical optical interferometry, I: Methods and instrumentation
Authors: Jankov S.
Published: December 2010

Previous decade has seen an achievement of large interferometric projects
including 8-10m telescopes and 100m class baselines. Modern computer and
control technology has enabled the interferometric combination of light from
separate telescopes also in the visible and infrared regimes. Imaging with
milli-arcsecond (mas) resolution and astrometry with micro-arcsecond (?as)
precision have thus become reality. Here, I review the methods and
instrumentation corresponding to the current state in the field of
astronomical optical interferometry. First, this review summarizes the
development from the pioneering works of Fizeau and Michelson. Next, the
fundamental observables are described, followed by the discussion of the
basic design principles of modern interferometers. The basic interferometric
techniques such as speckle and aperture masking interferometry, aperture
synthesis and nulling interferometry are discussed as well. Using the
experience of past and existing facilities to illustrate important points, I
consider particularly the new generation of large interferometers that has
been recently commissioned (most notably, the CHARA, Keck, VLT and LBT
Interferometers). Finally, I discuss the longer-term future of optical
interferometry, including the possibilities of new large-scale ground-based
projects and prospects for space interferometry.
Practical statistics for the voids between galaxies
Authors: Zaninetti L.
Published: December 2010

The voids between galaxies are identified with the volumes of the Poisson
Voronoi tessellation. Two new survival functions for the apparent radii of
voids are derived. The sectional normalized area of the Poisson Voronoi
tessellation is modelled by the Kiang function and by the exponential
function. Two new survival functions with equivalent sectional radius are
therefore derived; they represent an alternative to the survival function of
voids between galaxies as given by the self-similar distribution. The spatial
appearance of slices of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey is simulated.
Radio-continuum jets around the peculiar galaxy pair ESO 295-IG022
Authors: Filipovic M.D. , Crawford E.J. , Jones P.A. , White G.L.
Published: December 2010

We report new radio-continuum observations with the Australia Telescope
Compact Array (ATCA) of the region surrounding the peculiar galaxy pair ESO
295-IG022 at the centre of the poor cluster Abell S0102. We observed this
cluster at wavelengths of ?=20/13 and 6/3 cm with the ATCA 6 km array. With
these configurations, we achieved a resolution of ~2'' at 3 cm which is
sufficient to resolve the jet-like structure of ~3' length detected at 20 cm.
From our new high resolution images at 6 and 3 cm we confirm the presence of
a double jet structure, most likely originating from the northern galaxy (ESO
295-IG022-N), bent and twisted towards the south. We found the spectral index
of the jet to be very steep (?=-1.32). No point source was detected that
could be associated with the core of ESO 295-IG022-N. On the other hand, ESO
295-IG022-S does not show any jet structure, but does show a point radio
source. This source has variable flux and spectral index, and appears to be
superposed on the line-of-sight of the jets (seen at 20-cm) originating from
the northern galaxy ESO 295-IG022-N. Finally, regions of very high and
somewhat well ordered polarization were detected at the level of 70%.
Multifrequency radio observations of a SNR in the LMC: The case of SNR J0527-6549 (DEM l204)
Authors: Bozzetto L.M. , Filipovic M.D. , Crawford E.J. , Bojicic I.S. , Payne J.L. , Mendik A. , Wardlaw B. , de Horta
Published: December 2010

We present a detailed study and results of new Australia Telescope Compact
Array (ATCA) observations of supernova remnant SNR J0527-6549. This Large
Magellanic Cloud (LMC) object follows a typical supernova remnant (SNR)
horseshoe morphology with a diameter of D=(66?58)?1 pc which is among the
largest SNRs in the LMC. Its relatively large size indicates older age while
a steeper than expected radio spectral index of ?=-0.92?0.11 is more typical
of younger and energetic SNRs. Also, we report detections of regions with a
high order of polarization at a peak value of ~54%?17% at 6 cm.
Possibilities of improving the TD88 atmospheric total density model
Authors: Segan S. , Marceta D.
Published: December 2010

In this paper we have examined possibilities for preserving and improving the
total density model of the Earth?s neutral thermosphere TD88 (Sehnal and
Posp?silov? 1988) via modelling differences between TD88 and NRLMSISE-00
(Picone et al. 2002), which is used as a control model. It is shown that
these residuals can be approximated with polyharmonic function. Starting from
this we have developed the mathematical model of the residuals to identify
their origin and possibilities to improve the TD88 model itself.
Policy and Research Implications of Evolving Independence Rules for Public Company Auditors
Authors: Gramling Audrey A. , Jenkins J. Gregory , Taylor Mark H.
Published: December 2010

SYNOPSIS: We synthesize the results of existing auditor independence research and provide commentary on the implications for two primary audiences: policy makers who consider research findings in formulating independence requirements for public company auditors and academics whose research can help inform policy makers. Our review of the independence literature suggests that extant research, though limited in scope, does not provide strong evidence that the prohibitions and requirements imbedded in the current independence rules for public company auditors are strongly correlated with independence in fact. However, some prohibitions and requirements do appear to improve perceived independence—at least in the pre-SOX era. In response, we highlight a number of issues that policy makers might consider in trying to achieve a balance between cost and benefit. Further, because policy formulation benefits from research, we highlight numerous opportunities for future research that could drive policy formulation, and benefit all stakeholders.
Audit Report Lags after Voluntary and Involuntary Auditor Changes
Authors: Tanyi Paul , Raghunandan K. , Barua Abhijit
Published: December 2010

SYNOPSIS: We find that the audit report lag is significantly higher for former Andersen clients (that did not follow their Andersen partner to the new audit firm) than for clients voluntarily changing auditors from another Big 5 predecessor for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 (the first year with the new auditor for ex-Andersen clients). The differences in audit reporting lags between the two groups are not significant for fiscal years ended December 31, 2000 (the last year before Andersen’s Enron related problems surfaced), or 2003 (the second year with the successor auditor). We also find that clients with voluntary (i.e., non-Andersen) auditor changes have only marginally higher audit reporting lags compared to clients without auditor changes. Our results, focusing on a cost component of involuntary auditor changes, thus provide relevant empirical evidence for debates surrounding mandatory auditor rotation. We also find that ex-Andersen clients that followed the Andersen partner to the new audit firm had shorter audit report lags than ex-Andersen clients that did not follow their Andersen partner. Our findings highlight the importance of individual relationships in the auditing process, and suggest new avenues for future research.
Estimated egg production of Fasciola gigantica (Japanese strain) in goats experimentally infected with 50 metacercariae
Authors: Taira K. , Saitoh Y.
Published: December 2010

Egg production capacity in Fasciola gigantica (Japanese strain) was estimated from egg count data obtained by the experimental infection of two goats. The goats were inoculated with a single dose of 50 metacercariae. The first goat was necropsied 132 days after infection (DAI) and the second goat 732 DAI. After patency, daily faecal production was collected and weighed and number of eggs per gram was counted. At necropsy, 23 flukes were recovered from the liver of the first goat, and five from the second goat. The mean number of eggs produced per day per worm (± 95 % confidence limits) was 9 477.9 (± 764.92) for the first goat at 106 to 132 DAI, and 8,064.1 (± 416.49) at 195 to 561 DAI for the second goat. The number of eggs produced per day per worm in F. gigantica (Japanese strain) has thus reached values ranged from approximately 8 000 to 10 000 eggs.
Helminths of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) (Berkenhout, 1769) in the city of Palermo, Italy
Authors: Milazzo C. , Ribas A. , Casanova J. , Cagnin M. , Geraci F. , Bella C.
Published: December 2010

A helminthological survey was performed on 143 brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from the city of Palermo (Italy). The overall prevalence of helminth infection was 98.60 %. The following parasites were found: Brachylaima sp. (prevalence 8.39 %) (Trematoda); Taenia taeniaeformis larvae (11.89 %), Rodentolepis nana (13.29 %), Hymenolepis diminuta (24.48 %) (Cestoda); Gongylonema sp., (4.90 %), Syphacia muris (8.39 %), Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (18.88 %), Eucoleus gastricus (30.07 %), Mastophorus muris (30.77 %), Capillaria hepatica (54.55 %), Heterakis spumosa (82.52 %) (Nematoda) and one acanthocephalan (0.70 %). The species found in males were also present in females, with the exception of the acanthocephalan. No significant differences were found between males and females in prevalence (P%) or mean infection intensity (MI). However, a significant correlation between both P% and MI, as well as host age, was observed in some helminth species. Hosts were infected by one to six helminth species (median = 3). This is the first report from Sicily of helminths in R. norvegicus.
The effects of flubendazole and its metabolites on the larval development of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): an in vitro study
Authors: Bártíková H. , Skálová L. , Lamka J. , Szotáková B. , Várady M.
Published: December 2010

The anthelmintic effects of flubendazole (FLU), its two main metabolites reduced flubendazole (FLU-R) and hydrolyzed flubendazole (FLU-H), and thiabendazole (TBZ) were compared using an in vitro larval development test in two isolates of Haemonchus contortus, a fully susceptible isolate (HCS) and a multi-resistant isolate (HCR). Results were quantified as 50 % lethal concentration (LC50), 99 % lethal concentration (LC99), efficacy factor (EF), and resistance factor (RF). For HCS, both LC50 and LC99 of FLU were lower than those of the reference TBZ. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-R in HCS and HCR was 13 and 6 times lower than the activity of FLU, respectively. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-H was negligible (approximately 363–853 times lower) compared to that of FLU. Although a marked resistance of the HCR isolate to TBZ was confirmed, only a low tolerance to FLU-R and slightly higher tolerance to FLU were found.
Modern Diachronic Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (MD-CADS) on UK newspapers: an overview of the project
Authors: Partington Alan
Published: December 2010

This edition of Corpora contains one of the first ever collections of papers pertaining to the nascent discipline of Modern Diachronic Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (MD-CADS). This discipline is characterised by the novelty both of its methodology and the topics it is, consequently, in a position to treat. It employs relatively large corpora of a parallel structure and content from different moments of contemporary time (in this case the SiBol corpora, see below) in order to track changes in modern language usage but also social, cultural and political changes as reflected in language.

In this overview, I will attempt to give an idea of what both corpus-assisted discourse studies (CADS) and MD-CADS involve, to provide some information about the newspaper corpora we employ, and to outline methodologies commonly followed in this area, including those employed by the other contributors to this issue. I will also present two sets of practical analyses. The first is inductive and bottom-up, derived from a close analysis of the comparative keywords generated by comparing the lists of items from the two parallel corpora from different time periods; the aim is to uncover changes over time both in language and in what social, political and cultural issues were considered worthy of attention. The second is more intuitive and hypothesis-driven; the hypothesis is that an examination of a certain term, namely moral panic, can shed some light on which issues writers thought did not merit all the attention they were receiving. I will conclude with brief sketches of the other papers in this issue, and reflections on the relevance of MD-CADS in both language research and teaching.
Investigating anti and some reflections on Modern Diachronic Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (MD-CADS)
Authors: Duguid Alison
Published: December 2010

In this study, I use WordSmith Tools 5.0 ( Scott, 2008 ) and Xaira to examine the prefix anti, its collocates, contexts and quantitative profile in the SiBol corpus. 2 2 The two corpora are named after the universities (Siena and Bologna) working on the project and are called SiBol 93 and SiBol 05. See Partington (2010) for further details. The first corpus contains around 100 million words (about twenty-seven million from the Guardian, thirty-four million from the Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph, and thirty-nine million from the Times and Sunday Times). The second, contains about 145 million (forty-one million from the Guardian, thirty-seven million from the Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph, and sixty-seven million from the Times and Sunday Times). First, I discuss the problem involved in investigating a prefix, and I follow this with an examination of the prefix itself. Although the overall proportion of anti prefixing has remained fairly similar over time, (unlike pro which has decreased), there are key changes in the stems or ‘targets’ of the prefix which reflect changes in social and political concerns. Among the findings are changes in the way that antibiotics are talked about, and an increase in the discourse about products designed to deal with age-related problems. The study also examines co-texts and contexts of anti terms expressing opposition to groups distinguished by their nationality, religion or ethnic origins, and differences in the ways such opposition is constructed. The analysis illustrates how modern diachronic corpus-assisted discourse studies (MD-CADS) can contribute to research into socio-cultural and political language and highlights the value of investigating prefixes.
Obsidian Knives and High Tech: Latin America in Contemporary Adventures Stories for Young Adults
Authors: Arizpe Evelyn
Published: December 2010

Adventure fiction set in Latin America remains a largely unexplored territory in children's literature studies. This article examines a group of 21stcentury young adult novels set in this region and considers the ways in which readers are positioned in relation to the Latin American image repertoire derived from colonial discourse about landscape, culture and inhabitants (Pre-Hispanic civilisations as well as contemporary indigenous and mestizo peoples). It also looks at the juxtaposition of advanced technology and traditional indigenous practices represented in the texts. It argues that despite the persistence of some stereotypes from boys’ popular adventure fiction, the protagonists’ rite of passage experiences in the ‘contact zone’ transform their understanding of the ‘Other,’ leading to a greater social and environmental awareness as well as a questioning of their own values and identity.
Peritoneal Seeding and Subsequent Progression of Mantle Cell Lymphoma after Splenectomy for Debulking
Authors: Bahat G. , Saka B. , Yenerel M.N. , Yilmaz E. , Tascioglu C. , Dogan O.
Published: December 2010

Background: Peritoneal seeding after abdominal surgery is a well known route of metastasis in intra-abdominal solid tumours. Direct mechanical contamination, local peritoneal trauma and subsequent inflammation, postoperative immunosuppression, and laparoscopic surgery are the proposed predisposing factors for this type of metastasis. These factors probably result in enhanced adhesion or growth of tumour cells. However, this route of metastasis has not yet been reported for lymphomas. Here, we report the first case of peritoneal seeding of lymphoma cells after an abdominal surgery. Case Description: A 47-year-old man with mantle cell lymphoma had ascites because of infiltration of the liver. He underwent debulking splenectomy. The postoperative ascites cytology and control abdominal computed tomography imaging both confirmed peritoneal involvement and lymphoma progression. Demonstration of negative peritoneal involvement before surgery and close timing of peritoneal involvement after splenectomy suggested to us that the debulking surgery was the main cause of peritoneal seeding of lymphoma cells in our case. Conclusions: Factors similar to those in solid tumour seeding may also be valid for lymphomas. Peritoneal seeding and consequent disease progression may be a potential complication of abdominal surgery in lymphoma with extensive intra-abdominal involvement.
Consensus Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Well-Differentiated Gastroenterohepatic Neuroendocrine Tumours: A Revised Statement from a Canadian National Expert Group
Authors: Kocha W. , Maroun J. , Kennecke H. , Law C. , Metrakos P. , Ouellet J.F. , Reid R. , Rowsell C. , Shah A. , Singh S. , Van Uum S. , Wong R.
Published: December 2010

Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETS—previously called “carcinoid tumours”) are relatively rare tumours originating from the diffuse neuroendocrine system; they are found most often in the bronchial or gastrointestinal systems. In Canada, gastroenterohepatic NETS represent less than 0.25% of oncology cases. Because of the relative rarity of these tumours, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches vary and are often based on individual physician experience. A number of European and North American groups have developed consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of well-differentiated gastroenterohepatic NETS, and in 2006, Canadian consensus guidelines were published by a Canadian expert group. The updated and expanded current Canadian guidelines are based on a consensus meeting held in Paris, France, in 2008 and are based on the most current literature.
VAGO METHOD FOR THE SOLUTION OF ELLIPTIC SECOND‐ORDER BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS
Authors: Vabishchevich Nikolay , Vabishchevich Petr
Published: December 2010

Mathematical physics problems are often formulated using differential operators of vector analysis, i.e. invariant operators of first order, namely, divergence, gradient and rotor (curl) operators. In approximation of such problems it is natural to employ similar operator formulations for grid problems. The VAGO (Vector Analysis Grid Operators) method is based on such a methodology. In this paper the vector analysis difference operators are constructed using the Delaunay triangulation and the Voronoi diagrams. Further the VAGO method is used to solve approximately boundary value problems for the general elliptic equation of second order. In the convection‐diffusion‐reaction equation the diffusion coefficient is a symmetric tensor of second order.
Candidate Gene Association Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Hip Osteoarthritis (OA): Evidence for COL9A2 Gene as a Common Predisposing Factor for Hip OA and Lumbar Disc Degeneration
Authors: NÄKKI ANNU , VIDEMAN TAPIO , KUJALA URHO M. , SUHONEN MATTI , MÄNNIKKÖ MINNA , PELTONEN LEENA , BATTIÉ MICHELE C. , KAPRIO JAAKKO , SAARELA JANNA
Published: December 2010

Objective.

To study whether gene variants associated with lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) phenotypes are also associated with hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based hip OA changes for 345 twins were assessed and 99 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were analyzed.

Results.

Variants in the COL9A2 (rs7533552, p = 0.0025) and COL10A1 (rs568725, p = 0.002) genes showed association with hip OA.

Conclusion.

The associating G allele in COL9A2 changes a glutamine to arginine or to tryptophan and may predispose to both hip OA and LDD, making it a candidate for degenerative connective tissue diseases.
Association ofEMCNwith Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Japanese Population
Authors: NISHIMOTO KAZUMASA , IKARI KATSUNORI , KANEKO HIROTAKA , TSUKAHARA SO , KOCHI YUTA , YAMAMOTO KAZUHIKO , NAKAMURA YUSUKE , TOYAMA YOSHIAKI , TANIGUCHI ATSUO , YAMANAKA HISASHI , MOMOHARA SHIGEKI
Published: December 2010

Objective.

Endomucin, an endothelial-specific sialomucin, is thought to facilitate “lymphocyte homing” to synovial tissues, resulting in the major histopathologies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined the association between RA susceptibility and the gene coding endomucin,EMCN.

Methods.

Association studies were conducted with 2 DNA sample sets (initial set of 1504 patients, 752 controls; and validation set, 1113 patients, 940 controls) using 6 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from the Japanese HapMap database. Immunohistochemistry for the expression of endomucin was conducted with synovial tissues from 4 patients with RA during total knee arthroplasty. Electromobility shift assays were performed for the functional study of identified polymorphisms.

Results.

Within the initial sample set, the strongest evidence of an association with RA susceptibility was SNP rs3775369 (OR 1.20, p = 0.0075). While the subsequent replication study did not initially confirm the observed significant association (OR 1.13, p = 0.062), an in-depth stratified analysis revealed significant association in patients testing positive to anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody in the replication data set (OR 1.15, p = 0.044). Investigating 2 sample sets, significant associations were detected in overall and stratified samples with anti-CCP antibody status (OR 1.17, p = 0.0015). Positive staining for endomucin was detected in all patients. The allele associated with RA susceptibility had a higher binding affinity for HEK298-derived nuclear factors compared to the nonsusceptible allelic variant of rs3775369.

Conclusion.

A significant association betweenEMCNand RA susceptibility was detected in our Japanese study population. TheEMCNallele conferring RA susceptibility may also contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.
Cortisol During the Day in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: van der GOES MARLIES C. , BOSSEMA ERCOLIE R. , HARTKAMP ANDRÉ , GODAERT GUIDO L.R. , JACOBS JOHANNES W.G. , KRUIZE AIKE A. , DERKSEN RONALD H.W.M. , BIJLSMA JOHANNES W.J. , GEENEN RINIE
Published: December 2010

Objective.

To compare the level and change of cortisol during the day of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) with low and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

Methods.

Saliva was collected in the real-life environment of 21 women with SLE, 16 women with pSS, and 30 age-matched healthy women at 9 fixed timepoints during 2 consecutive days. Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to examine whether cortisol levels during the day were different for the patients with low ESR (≤ 20 mm/h) versus those with high ESR (> 20 mm/h).

Results.

The groups with low and high ESR showed the characteristic change of cortisol during the day (time-of-day effect, F = 124.9, p < 0.001). The cortisol awakening level was lower for patients with high ESR than for patients with low ESR (group*time effect, F = 3.1, p = 0.02).

Conclusion.

The cortisol awakening level differs for patients with low and high ESR, which indicates the usefulness of further studies of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dynamics in patients with SLE and pSS.
CD101 Expression and Function in Normal and Rheumatoid Arthritis-affected Human T Cells and Monocytes/Macrophages
Authors: JOVANOVIC DRAGAN V. , BOUMSELL LAURENCE , BENSUSSAN ARMAND , CHEVALIER XAVIER , MANCINI ARTURO , DI BATTISTA JOHN A.
Published: December 2010

Objective.

It was recently reported that CD101 surface expression discriminates potency among CD4+CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in the mouse. We investigated whether CD101 may also have a role in the suppressor function of regulatory T cells in humans given that the latter population may affect the autoimmune response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

Sorted T cells and monocyte/macrophage cell populations were analyzed by flow cyto metry using conjugated antibodies specific for cell-surface markers. T cell proliferation assays were conducted by [3H]thymidine incorporation and CD8highcytotoxicity measurements by Cyto-Scan-LDH cytotoxicity assays. ELISA were used to measure cytokines in cell culture supernatants and Western blotting was performed for profiling mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation using specific antiphospholipid antibodies.

Results.

CD101 expression coincided with PMA-induced monocyte/leukocyte lineage differentiation. CD8highCD101− T cells exhibited greater cytotoxic activity than CD8highCD101+ T cells, while no difference was observed between CD4CD25highCD101+ and CD4CD25highCD101− Treg inhibitory activity through responder T cells. LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and p38 MAP kinase activation were made possible by ligation of CD101 with an anti-CD101 antibody F(ab’)2fragment.

Conclusion.

These results suggested a modulatory/coregulatory function of CD101 in the human immune system, in contrast to murine models, in which CD101 surface expression discriminates potency among FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Cytotoxic CD8highCD101+ T cells were markedly less cytotoxic than CD8highT cells negative for the CD101 antigen and were conspicuously downregulated in patients with RA, suggesting a possible role for CD101 expression and function in the control of certain manifestations of RA pathology.
Evaluation of a Model for Preparing Staff Nurses to Teach Clinical Groups of Nursing Students
Authors: Kowalski Karren , Horner Marianne Druva , Houser Janet
Published: December 2010

Expert staff nurses were identified as Clinical Scholars to teach clinical rotations of nursing students. A 40-hour workshop was developed to present the skills and knowledge necessary to begin as a new clinical faculty member. This article reports the descriptive analysis of the data collected during the life of this funded project. Although this project was undertaken to increase faculty resources, the data also showed increased job satisfaction among Clinical Scholars, increased patient safety, and high student satisfaction.
Lower Hip Bone Mass and Proximal Femur Fractures in Elderly Patients: More Valuable than Lumbar Vertebrae Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Shin Hun-Kyu , Choi Jae-Yeol , Lee Jinmyung , Jeong Hwa Jae , Kim Eugene , Park Se-Jin , Jeon Byeongsam , Lim Jong-jun
Published: December 2010

A decreased bone mineral density, such as osteoporosis, has been considered a factor closely associated with proximal femur fractures. We studied the relationship between osteoporosis and proximal femur fractures. Dual energy radiograph absorptiometry was used to measure the bone mineral density of 121 patients with a femur neck fracture and 134 patients with an intertrochanteric fracture. The bone density of the femoral neck, Ward’s triangle, and the trochanteric region were measured. Two hundred seventeen normal patients who had undergone a bone mineral density test and were found to have no proximal femur fracture were used as the control group. Comparative analysis was performed after the patients were subdivided into different groups depending on sex and fracture type. The bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebra in patients with a proximal femur fracture was not significantly different from that of the control group, but the bone mineral density of the proximal femur in patients with a proximal femur fracture was significantly less than that of the control group. The bone mineral density of the group with an intertrochanteric fracture was lower than that of the femur neck fracture group. However, the difference was statistically insignificant. In bone mineral density comparisons, no significant differences were observed between the displaced and undisplaced femur neck fracture group and between the stable and the unstable intertrochanteric fracture group. The bone mineral density of elderly patients with a proximal femur fracture was significantly less than that of normal individuals. However, femur neck fractures in elderly men were less likely to be associated with a decreased bone mineral density. Little correlation between bone mineral densities of the proximal femur and fracture location (neck vs intertrochanter) and type (nondisplaced vs displaced neck, stable vs unstable intertrochanter) was found.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Axial Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Patil Suresh S. , Lindley Emily M. , Patel Vikas V. , Burger Evalina L.
Published: December 2010

Axial lumbar interbody fusion is a novel percutaneous alternative to common open techniques, such as anterior, posterior, and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. This minimally invasive technique uses the presacral space to access the L5-S1 and L4-L5 disk space. The goal of this study was to examine outcomes following axial lumbar interbody fusion.

The charts of all patients who underwent axial lumbar interbody fusion surgery at our institution between 2006 and 2008 were reviewed. Clinical outcomes included visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Radiographs were also evaluated for disk space height, L4-L5 and/or L5-S1 Cobb angle, and fusion. Of the 50 patients (32 women, 18 men; mean age, 49.29 years) treated with axial lumbar interbody fusion, 48 had preoperative VAS scores and 16 had preoperative ODI scores available. Complete radiographic data were available at the preoperative, initial postoperative, and final postoperative time points for 46 patients (92%). At last follow-up (average, 12 months), ODI scores were reduced from 46 to 22, and VAS scores were lowered from 8.1 to 3.6. Of the 49 patients with postoperative radiographs, 47 (96%) went on to a solid fusion. There were no significant differences between pre- and postoperative disk space height and lumbar lordosis angle. The most common complications were superficial infection and pseudoarthrosis. Other complications were rectal injury, hematoma, and irritation of a nerve root by a screw.

Overall, we found the axial lumbar interbody fusion procedure in combination with pedicle screw placement to have good clinical and radiological outcomes.
Large-Diameter Metal-on-Metal Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty in the Elderly
Authors: Zhang Xin , Xu Weidong , Li Jia , Fang Zhou , Chen Kangyao
Published: December 2010

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and complications of large-diameter metal-on-metal prostheses, particularly in the elderly, we performed cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal prostheses with large-diameter femoral heads (mean, 45 mm) in 59 patients (average age, 75.1 years) between January 2004 and December 2005. All procedures were performed using a posterolateral approach and spinal anesthesia. Average follow-up was 65 months. Pre- and postoperative Harris Hip Scores and SF-36 questionnaire results were recorded for all patients to evaluate the level of pain relief, improvement in physical function, and changes in quality of life. Postoperative radiographic images were used to document areas of osteolysis and probable aseptic loosening. Average preoperative Harris Hip Score was 36.1±5.7, compared to 69.4±8.3 at last follow-up (
P
<.01). Average preoperative SF-36 score was 33.6±7.4, compared to 71.8±6.4 at last follow-up (
P
<.01). There were no dislocations, aseptic loosening, or revisions.

Our findings suggest that metal-on-metal cementless prostheses with large-diameter femoral heads in THA can produce satisfactory results with good durability, a low rate of dislocation and aseptic loosening, and a low incidence of revisions in the short term. The benefits of this technique for elderly patients, especially those with weak muscle power and reduced cognitive function, include avoidance of severe cement-injection complications and early functional recovery.
Effect of Ipsilateral C7 Nerve Root Transfer on Restoration of Rat Upper Trunk Muscle and Nerve Function After Brachial Plexus Root Avulsion
Authors: Song Jie , Chen Liang , Gu Yudong
Published: December 2010

The effects of ipsilateral cervical nerve root transfer on the restoration of the rat upper trunk muscle and nerve brachial plexus root avulsion were studied. After simulated root avulsion of the upper trunk brachial plexus, 120 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: (A) ipsilateral C7 root transfer group; (B) Oberlin group; (C) phrenic nerve group; and (D) no axillary nerve restoration group. At 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively, Ochiai score, Barth feet overreaching test, Terzis grooming test, and indices of neurotization were determined in 10 rats from each group.

Twelve weeks postoperatively, nearly all the behavioral, neuroelectrophysiological, and histological outcomes of the axillary nerve and deltoid muscle and some of the indices of musculocutaneous nerve and biceps brachii function in the ipsilateral C7 group were superior to those in the other 3 groups. No significant difference was found between the ipsilateral C7 group and the other 3 groups in recovery rate of wet biceps muscle weight. No significant difference was found between the ipsilateral C7 group and the Oberlin group in the recovery of the axillary nerve compound muscle action potential and biceps brachii cell size. No significant difference was found between the ipsilateral C7 group and the phrenic nerve and no axillary nerve restoration groups in amplitude recovery rate of musculocutaneous nerve compound muscle action potential. No significant difference was found between the ipsilateral C7 and the Oberlin groups in the early recovery of musculocutaneous nerve compound muscle action potential, but recovery was significantly better in the ipsilateral C7 group at 12 weeks.

Ipsilateral C7 root transfer can improve the quality of restoration of muscle and nerve function in the rat upper trunk after brachial plexus root avulsion.
The Use of the Ilizarov Method in Management of Relapsed Club Foot
Authors: Ahmed Amin Abdel-Razek Youssef
Published: December 2010

The aim of this article was to evaluate the results of relapsed club foot management using a simple frame construct of Ilizarov external fixator. Between 2003 and 2008, 18 feet in 13 patients with relapsed club feet were treated by Ilizarov external fixator. All patients underwent previous surgery (1–3 operations). Average patient age at the time of the operation was 5.5 years and the average follow-up period was 15.8 months. Midtarsal osteotomy was undertaken in 3 feet and soft tissue distraction was undertaken in 15 feet with no soft tissue release except in 3 feet that needed tendoachillis lengthening. The average time of fixator application was 4.5 months. Out of 18 feet, 2 (11.1%) were rated as excellent, 11 (61.1%) as good, 4 (22.2%) as fair, and 1 (5.6%) as poor. Excellent and good results (72.2%) were considered satisfactory, while fair and poor results (27.8%) were considered unsatisfactory. Thus, the Ilizarov technique gave satisfactory results in cases of relapsed club foot that were difficult to treat by conventional methods. Longer follow-up is needed to assess the achieved correction and to detect any recurrence of the deformity.
Bilateral PCL Hypoplasia Resulting in Posterior, Posterolateral Rotatory Instability and Tears of the Lateral Meniscus Anterior Horn
Authors: Lee Yong Seuk , Chun Dong-Il , Park Min Jung
Published: December 2010

This article describes a case of bilateral sagged knees presenting as posterior, posterolateral rotatory instability with tears of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus. Each knee had identical tears of the lateral meniscus anterior horn. A 42-year-old woman reported bilateral anterior knee pain and painful instability during running or jarring exercises. She reported no major trauma to her knees. Arthroscopic findings of her right knee revealed a posterior cruciate ligament that looked hypoplastic but was without acute injury, and the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus showed chronic complex tears with some degeneration. Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, posterolateral corner sling, and meniscal repair of the lateral meniscus anterior horn was performed on her right knee. Three months later, a similar operation was performed on her left knee. However, menisectomy was performed because the lateral meniscus anterior horn tear was in the junction of the red-white and white zones.

At 18 months postoperatively, the patient reported no symptoms and was satisfied with her results. Physical examination showed no joint line tenderness, and posterior stress radiographs on both knees showed grade I posterior instability. She showed no posterolateral subluxaion by supine dial test, and her prone dial test also improved approximately 15° on both knees. Lysholm score was 74 preoperatively and improved to 92 postoperatively.
Transverse Femoral Implant Prominence: Four Cases Demonstrating a Preventable Complication for ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Argintar Evan , Scherer Benjamin , Jordan Tom , Klimkiewicz John
Published: December 2010

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a commonly occurring injury that often demands surgical reconstruction. Although the utility of this operation is widely accepted, many specific components, including graft fixation technique, remain controversial. Many clinicians favor transverse femoral implant fixation for soft tissue ACL grafts. This technique can be accomplished successfully; however, in a minority of the cases, the femoral implant can be excessively prominent, leading to iatrogenic postoperative iliotibial band syndrome.

This article presents 4 patients that developed postoperative iliotibial band syndrome resulting from transverse femoral implant prominence. Despite achievement of knee ligamentous stability, implant prominence compromised final clinical results following ACL reconstruction. Through change in Lysholm value, we reviewed the clinical outcomes of these patients following femoral implant hardware removal for treatment of iliotibial band syndrome. On hardware removal, all patients demonstrated complete symptomatic improvement, mirroring an average Lysholm value increase of 38. We believe transverse femoral implant prominence is avoidable, and subsequent iliotibial band syndrome is a preventable postoperative complication.
Unilateral Cervical Facet Dislocation in a 9-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Parada Stephen A. , Arrington Edward D. , Kowalski Kurtis L. , Molinari Robert W.
Published: December 2010

Facet dislocations in children are rare. This article presents the youngest case of a unilateral facet dislocation described in the pediatric population. A 9-year-old boy sustained a flexion/axial loading injury to his cervical spine while wrestling with his friends, causing a unilateral facet dislocation at C4/5. Prereduction magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the absence of a diskal herniation or cord impingement and an intact posterior ligamentous complex. Due to the patient’s young age, the decision was made to forgo a supervised awake closed reduction. Closed reduction was performed under general anesthesia with somatosensory-evoked potential and motor-evoked potential monitoring. Closed reduction was successfully achieved after Gardner-Wells tongs were applied and used to manually direct slow, steady in-line traction, along with slight flexion and posterior rotation of the dislocated side under direct fluoroscopy.

The patient was immediately awakened from anesthesia and was found to have an intact sensory examination. He was immobilized in a cervical collar for 12 weeks. At 2-year follow-up, he remained asymptomatic without recurrence and had painless full range of motion of the cervical spine. Radiographs revealed a normally aligned cervical spine.

Unilateral cervical facet dislocations and subluxations are the result of a distractionflexion force applied to the spine along with a rotational component. These are not uncommon injuries in the adult spine; however, in the young pediatric population, cervical facet dislocations are rare.
Mass-Induced Unilateral Hallux Valgus
Authors: Young Ki Won , Lee Kyung Tai , Kwak Jeong Ja , Lee Young Koo , Park Young Uk
Published: December 2010

Various causes of hallux valgus exist. However, mass-induced hallux valgus is a rare phenomenon. To the best of our knowledge, there has been 1 previous report on mass-induced hallux valgus in the English literature; however, that report described giant cell tumor of the extensor digitorum longus tendon sheath. We believe ours to be the first published case of osteochondroma of the second metatarsus-induced hallux valgus.

A 19-year-old woman presented with pain and tenderness in the left hallux of 3 months’ duration. After a diagnosis of bony mass with hallux valgus, an operative excision was performed through a dorsal approach on the first web space of the left foot. The histopathologic diagnosis was osteochondroma. One-year follow-up radiographs showed a decreased hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle.

Unilateral hallux valgus occurs in a mass area. After excision of the mass, hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle decrease. The rotational deformity is not severe. There is little probability of discovering its etiology, but mass-like osteochondroma should be considered.
Pigmented Epithelioid Melanocytoid Tumor of the Ocular Adnexa
Authors: Sokol Jason A. , Clark Jeremy D. , Lee Hui Bae Harold , Nunery William R.
Published: December 2010

An 8-year-old girl with a history of microphthalmia in the right eye presented with a left medial upper eyelid mass with a dark blue-green nodule that could be seen through the skin but did not appear to involve the over-lying epidermis. A biopsy demonstrated a pigmented epithelioid melanocytoid tumor with rare mitoses arising in association with a congenital nevus and positive margins. Due to the pathological findings, the patient underwent excision of the tumor with 5-mm margins and a sentinel lymph node biopsy. The re-excision of the upper eyelid margins demonstrated residual benign congenital melanocytic nevus, but did not reveal residual melanocytic lesion. The parotid sentinel node biopsy revealed benign and cytologically mature nevus nests in the capsule and septa, but there was no evidence of involvement with the pigmented epithelioid melanocytoid tumor. The patient underwent successful eyelid reconstruction and had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis after 2 years.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010;47:e1–e4.]
Efficacy of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking Using a Custom Epithelial Debridement Technique in Thin Corneas: A Confocal Microscopy Study
Authors: Kaya Vedat , Utine Canan Asli , Yilmaz Omer Faruk
Published: December 2010

Purpose:

To examine the corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) effect with a customized epithelial debridement technique in thin corneas using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal microscopy.

Methods:

Two patients with keratoconus who underwent a customized epithelial debridement technique (preserving the epithelium in thinner corneal regions where the deepithelialized corneal thickness was <400 μm) and subsequent CXL were examined by anterior segment OCT and in vivo confocal microscopy 1 month postoperatively.

Results:

Anterior segment OCT showed the demarcation line in the peripheral deepithelialized corneal areas, but it was not detectable in the central corneal regions corresponding to the cone where the epithelium was preserved. In vivo confocal microscopy analysis revealed total loss of keratocytes together with the intense honeycomb-like stromal edema in the anterior ∼320 μm of the cornea in the deepithelialized areas. This effect was mild under the intact epithelium with preservation of keratocytes and only a mild increase in stromal reflectivity.

Conclusions:

In this confocal microscopy study, the corneal stroma under the intact epithelium seemed to be spared from the collagen CXL effect by the customized epithelial debridement technique.
Cércidas sobre la creación poética (Mel. III Livrea)
Authors: Campos Daroca Javier , López Cruces Juan Luis
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Categoría casual y factor semántico: ejemplificación con el acusativo de dirección
Authors: Díaz Tejera A.
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Sobre Salmacida spolia, v. 18 Vahlen del Ajax de Ennio
Authors: Masiá González Andrés
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Dos minucias textuales en Mt. (18.19,35)
Authors: O’Callaghan José
Published: December 2010

No disponible
La estructura del doble en el Amphitruo de Plauto y la estructura léxica uestitus-ornatus
Authors: García Jurado Francisco
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Hapax legomena en el Codex Theodosianus
Authors: Pastor de Arozena Bárbara
Published: December 2010

No disponible
La cesura: metro y sentido en el verso griego
Authors: Nieto Ibáñez Jesús María
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Naturaleza y relación de las nociones ciceronianas de sapiens y princeps
Authors: Del Pozo Joan Manuel
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Períodos condicionales griegos: un análisis lingüístico
Authors: Pino Campos Luis Miguel
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Notas lexicográficas herculanenses (II)
Authors: Acosta Eduardo
Published: December 2010

No disponible
El septenario yámbico de Plauto
Authors: Carande Herrero Rocío
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Mito y fábula
Authors: Adrados Francisco R.
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Person and θυμός in the poetry of Ηesiοd
Authors: Sullivan Shirley Darcus
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Metátesis de cantidad en jónico-ático y heracleota
Authors: Méndez Dosuna Julián
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Un problema etimológico en Homero
Authors: Giangrande Giuseppe
Published: December 2010

No disponible
La geografía de Egipto en Diodoro de Sicilia
Authors: Lens Tuero Jesús , Campos Daroca Javier
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Is there an augment in η before ϝ in ηὗρον?
Authors: Vara J.
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Tácito y Augusto (Ann. 1 9-10)
Authors: Velaza Javier
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Los albores de la historiografía griega. Dialéctica entre mito e historia
Authors: Díaz-Tejera A.
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Verbos de obediencia en Sófocles. Estudio semántico
Authors: Carmona Vázquez Antonia
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Plato or Plautus? (Jerome, Epist. XXII 30, 2)
Authors: Adkin Neil
Published: December 2010

No disponible
El texto de Estrabón en torno a Emporion a la luz de los nuevos descubrimientos arqueológicos y epigráficos
Authors: Santiago Rosa-Araceli
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Relativas sin verbo y la función del relativo en latín
Authors: Panchón Federico
Published: December 2010

No disponible
De Leovigildo perseguidor y Masona mártir
Authors: Maya Antonio
Published: December 2010

No disponible
ψυχή and λόγος in Heraclitus B45 and B115 (Diels-Kranz)
Authors: Rankin David
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Qui non risere parentes
Authors: Ruiz de Elvira Antonio
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Noticia sobre unos fragmentos desconocidos de la obra de Ovidio
Authors: Ramírez de Verger Antonio , Baeza Eulogio F.
Published: December 2010

No disponible
El hapax κλεννά y la lengua poética de Alcmán
Authors: Lillo Antoio
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Notes on praetors in Spain in the mid-second century B. C.
Authors: Brennan T. Corey
Published: December 2010

No disponible
La metáfora en Aristóteles, Poetica 21. 1457 b 7-25
Authors: Díaz Tejera A.
Published: December 2010

No disponible
Addenda a Sifre-Números
Authors: Sznol Shifrá
Published: December 2010

No disponible