bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of potential indigenous bacteria from the former bauxite mining area for heavy metal reduction
Authors: AMELIA TRISNA , LILIASARI LILIASARI , KUSNADI KUSNADI , ADITIAWATI PINGKAN
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Amelia T, Liliasari, Kusnadi, Aditiawati P. 2023. Isolation and characterization of potential indigenous bacteria from the former bauxite mining area for heavy metal reduction. Biodiversitas 24: 5096-5104. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize some indigenous bacterial strains from the former bauxite mining area of Tanjungpinang, Bintan Island, Indonesia. Furthermore, this study focused on evaluating the potential of these bacteria for reducing the heavy metals lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). The measurements of heavy metal concentrations at four sampling points, collection of soil samples as a bacteria source, and laboratory assessments for bio-removal capabilities were all conducted. Screening experiments were performed to identify bacterial strains resistant to heavy metal, using basic growth media such as Nutrient Agar (NA) and Nutrient Broth (NB) enriched with 100 ppm Pb and Cr metals. The reduction of heavy metal was analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), while the bacteria species were determined using MALDI TOF-MS. A modified version of the Kirby Bauer method was employed for toxicity reduction testing. Two bacterial strains were identified as Pb and Cr reducers and demonstrated resistance to both metals. Based on a 99.9% similarity value, the isolates were identified as Bacillus altitudinis (Isolate A) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Isolate B), reducing Pb by approximately 72.7% and 34.5%, and Cr by 87.4% and 86.2%, respectively. The results indicated reduced toxicity in the metal-enriched media, with bacterial growth following three hours of incubation but no toxicity after 21 hours.
Habitat and food habits of the endemic fish Oryzias eversi in Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: LAMBA TRISKA , AMBENG AMBENG , ANDRIANI IRMA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Lamba T, Ambeng, Andriani I. 2023. Habitat and food habits of the endemic fish Oryzias eversi in Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5137-5145. The population of the medaka fish species, Oryzias eversi, was categorized as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 2019 due to its restricted distribution and occurrence in a single threatened location. One way to protect this species from extinction is through captive breeding, which requires understanding its habitat conditions and food habits. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the habitat conditions and food habits of Oryzias eversi (Hadiaty & Nolte, 2012) in Tilanga Pool, Tana Toraja. Purposive random sampling was used to obtain fish samples, while habitat conditions were determined by measuring environmental parameters, and the abundance and diversity of plankton. Food habits were analyzed by calculating the Index of Preponderance (IP) and Relative Gut Length (RGL). The results indicated that O. eversi inhabited a highly polluted habitat with dissolved oxygen content that ranged from 3.95 to 4.16 mg/L. The abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton ranged from 185-435 cells/L and 10-25 ind/L, respectively. Phytoplankton diversity was in the moderate category, while zooplankton was low, with average values of Diversity Index (H’) ranging from 1.61-1.93 and 0.69-024, respectively. IP and RGL showed that O. eversi was an omnivore-carnivore fish. The average IP of zooplankton and phytoplankton ranged from 0.35-61.11% and 0.69-1.04%, respectively. Meanwhile, the RGL ranged from 0.48 to 0.62, respectively. Cyclops sp. larvae were identified as the primary food source for O. eversi with IP above 40% and Eurycercus sp. with IP range of 4-40% as additional food.
Supernatant of Actinomycetes isolates with antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm activity against food spoilage bacteria
Authors: ANNE GLORIA , WATURANGI DIANA ELIZABETH
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Anne G, Waturangi DE. 2023. Supernatant of Actinomycetes isolates with antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm activity against food spoilage bacteria. Biodiversitas 24: 5189-5197. High processing food facilities occur to remove spoilage bacteria that can risk the food safety. However, bacteria can form biofilms as a survival strategy in extreme conditions. They generally use autoinducer signals in communication called quorum sensing as their modulation mechanism. Chemical agents usually treat the biofilm matrix, but side effects may occur in most cases. Therefore, it is necessary to explore natural metabolite compounds to overcome it, one of which comes from Actinomycetes. This study was conducted to determine the anti-biofilm activity of Actinomycetes supernatants, which had previously been performed using their crude extracts. The transition to using supernatant production was motivated by its higher yield and practical application. Supernatants from six Actinomycetes isolates showed positive inhibition of quorum sensing assay using Chromobacterium violaceum wild-type and mutant 026 as indicator bacteria through agar well diffusion techniques and validation assay using absorbance measurement of violacein pigment production. Based on the quantification of antibiofilm activity assay, the supernatant showed the ability to inhibit and destroy biofilm from Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Shewanella putrefaciens with various percentages of antibiofilm activity, with the highest antibiofilm activity of 88.34% observed for isolate SW03 specifically targeting B. subtilis biofilm destruction. It also appeared in the light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation that the addition of supernatant showed inhibition and dispersion of biofilm visually compared with the untreated ones. In conclusion, Actinomycetes supernatants have the capability to be used as antibiofilm agents, therefore potential and efficient to be applied in food industry equipment and environment to increase food safety.
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry farms in Abakaliki, Nigeria
Authors: UGBO EMMANUEL NNABUIKE , EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , WITANINGRUM ADIANA MUTAMSARI , TYASNINGSIH WIWIEK , AGUMAH BERNARD NNABUIFE , UGBO AGATHA IFUNANYA , NNABUGWU CHARITY CHINYERE , OKATA-NWALI DIVINEGIFT OLUCHI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Ugbo EN, Effendi MH, Witaningrum AM, Tyasningsih W, Agumah BN, Ugbo AI, Nnabugwu CC, Okata-Nwali DO. 2023. Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry farms in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Biodiversitas 24: 5207-5214. Salmonella is a zoonotic foodborne pathogen that can cause serious illness in humans and animals worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance caused by microorganisms has greatly challenged veterinary and human medicine regarding disease treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry farms in Abakaliki, Nigeria. One hundred eighty samples (90 broiler feces; 90 broiler cloacal swabs) were collected from three (3) poultry farms in the Abakaliki metropolis. Samples were analyzed and identified for the presence of Salmonella isolates using standard microbiological and biochemical analysis. The antimicrobial sensitivity test of Salmonella isolates against the selected antibiotics was done using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. The results showed 61 samples (33.9 %) were positive for Salmonella. Feces and cloacal swab samples positive for Salmonella were 46.7% and 21.1%, respectively. Multidrug resistance Salmonella (MDR) strains had an overall prevalence of samples (16.2%), i.e., 7 samples of broiler feces had 7 (16.7%) and 3 samples of cloacal swab (15.8%). Thus, all the MDR Salmonella isolates were 100% resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin. The multiple antibiotic-resistant indexes of the MDR were 0.51. This study indicated that broilers chicken and their products were potential sources of human salmonellosis and sources for transmitting MDR Salmonella in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Poultry farmers should use antibiotics in appropriate dosages in their poultry farms.
The potential of bitter melon extract on cellular non-specific immunity of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) after Aeromonas salmonicida infection
Authors: ANDAYANI SRI , FADJAR MOH. , SUPRASTYANI HENY , RAHMAWATI AULIA , NURHALISA NURHALISA , NADIRO VINA NUR
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Andayani S, Fadjar M, Suprastyani H, Rahmawati A, Nurhalisa, Nadiro VN. 2023. The potential of bitter melon extract on cellular non-specific immunity of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) after Aeromonas salmonicida infection. Biodiversitas 24: 5215-5222. Indonesia has rich and potential fisheries resources both in freshwater (inland), coastal, and ocean. Potential fishery resources in freshwater include the diversity of fish species (germplasm) and fishery land. Utilization of freshwater fisheries potential can be realized by conducting fish farming, especially for economically valuable fish commodities, such as koi fish (Cyprinus carpio). Improving koi fish farming can be done by using bitter melon extract as an immunity enhancer. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of bitter melon extract on cellular non-specific immune response. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method, with 4 treatments and 3 replicates, consisting of treatment K = not given bitter melon extract and not infected, A = dose of bitter melon extract 100 ppm, B = bitter melon extract 150 ppm, C = bitter melon extract 200 ppm. Before being given the treatment, the test fish were acclimatized with the aim of ensuring that the fish were healthy, not stressed and did not experience death. In addition, the dose of extract treatment and soaking time have been through the LD50 test as well as the density of bacterial infection and the length of time of infection have been through the LC50 test so that it has been confirmed that it does not cause stress and death in fish, with results SR 100%. A total of 10 fish were immersed into each treatment container (15 liters of water mixed with the extract) for 60 hours. Infection of Aeromonas salmonicida bacteria by immersion was carried out 5 days after immersion in bitter melon extract with a bacterial density of 107 cells.mL-1 for 1 hour. The results showed that lymphocytes increased after being given bitter melon extract and infected with A. salmonicida bacteria with a value of 63-83%. Monocytes increased from 3% to 8%, and Neutrophils increased from 4% to 9%. Phagocytosis activity increased from 18.4% to 28.9%, indicating that bitter melon extract can enhance non-specific immunity.
Genetic and morphological analysis of complex Giuris group species from Limboto Lake, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
Authors: LAMADI ARAFIK , PARICAHYA AKHSAN FIKRILLAH , IRANAWATI FENI , WIDODO MAHENO SRI , WIADNYA DEWA GEDE RAKA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Lamadi A, Paricahya AF, Iranawati F, Widodo MS, Wiadnya DGR. 2023. Genetic and morphological analysis of complex Giuris group species from Limboto Lake, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5223-5233. Wallacea, especially Sulawesi, has a high endemism level with genuine biodiversity for mammals, reptiles, freshwater, and brackish fishes. Fish biodiversity in Limboto Lake, a great natural lake of Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, still needs to be scientifically explored, in contrast with its utilization for human activities that have anthropogenic effects on their ecosystem. Eleotridae is a taxonomical complex to their identification and distributed well in Sulawesi, including Limboto Lake with genus Giuris, known locally as hulu'u fish. Ambiguous identification in Giuris margaritaceus morphologically causing misidentification in molecular analysis, including using Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) region's information. Giuris specimens from Limboto Lake were collected from June 2022 until May 2023. From 662 individuals, length and weight relationship analysis results showed the population is mildly positive allometric (W= 0.11TL3.08). Meristic measurement result (D1 VI; D2 I.8-9; A I.9; P 14-16; V I.5; C 13-14) directing to G. margaritaceus with several small differences. COI analysis using six random specimens of the Limboto Lake population, comparing with four population from NCBI and BOLD System identified as G. margaritaceus or its synonym Ophieleotris aporos, indicating all populations is separated species from one another with P-distances more than 2% and made separated groups in phylogenetic tree and haplotype network. Misidentification issues in the Giuris margaritaceus taxonomical name for all five populations indicate they're potentially separated into five different species, with or without including Giuris margaritaceus, and potentially from currently described species or being new species in the future. Limboto Lake population made three haplotypes with high haplotype diversity (0.733) and low nucleotide diversity (0.001), indicating this population is facing high stressors and starting to grow. Understanding Giuris ambiguities could help governments, researchers, conservationists, and other stakeholders to mapping the ecological priorities.
Characteristic and bioactivities value of Nypa fruticans from coastal area in West Aceh District, Indonesia as a candidate antidiabetic agent
Authors: FITRI YULIA , YUSNI YUSNI , SURYADI TAUFIK , MUDATSIR MUDATSIR
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Fitri Y, Yusni Y, Suryadi T, Mudatsir M. 2023. Characteristic and bioactivities value of Nypa fruticans from coastal area in West Aceh District, Indonesia as a candidate antidiabetic agent. Biodiversitas 24: 5260-5269. Nypa fruticans Wurmb is a functional plant that grows on the coasts of Indonesia, produced food and has health benefits. It has been believed for generations that Nypa fruticans Wurmb has potential as an antidiabetic, although a complete study is needed. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of the fruit of the Nypa fruticans Wurmb plant as an antidiabetic based on its characteristic values and pancreatic histopathology. The fruit was evaluated for phytochemical, tannin quantity, chemical compound determination, and confirmation of bioactivity. Antidiabetic properties were evaluated for pancreatic histopathology in an animal model. Nypa fruticans Wurmb contains polyphenols, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids, with a tannins quantity of 11.10 mg/AT/g extract. Furthermore, it contains antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory compounds, including the dominant 2,3-Butanediol (CAS) Butane-2,3-diol, Propane-1,1-diol diacetate, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydrox, and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (CAS) Li. In addition, it has excellent bioactivity against nuclear receptor ligands, protease inhibitors, and enzyme inhibitors as an indicator of binding affinity with hot cells. Nypa fruticans Wurmb can increase beta cells, and expand the islets of Langerhans. The Nypa fruticans Wurmb, besides containing antioxidant and inflammatory compounds, has hight bioactivity, wich increases the frequency of beta cells and improves pancreatic islets of Langerhans repair in diabetic models.
Evaluation of phytochemical composition and metabolite profiling of macroalgae Caulerpa taxifolia and C. peltata from the Banda Aceh coast, Indonesia
Authors: AKBAR SAID ALI , HASAN MUHAMMAD , AFRIANI SARI , NUZLIA CUT
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Akbar SA, Hasan M, Afriani S, Nuzlia C. 2023. Evaluation of phytochemical composition and metabolite profiling of macroalgae Caulerpa taxifolia and C. peltata from the Banda Aceh coast, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5283-5292. The study of seaweeds to extract their bioactive compounds has become increasingly important from the standpoint of broader applications. This study aimed to examine the metabolite profiles and phytochemical content of Caulerpa peltata and Caulerpa taxifolia along the coast of Banda Aceh in Indonesia. Readers interested in learning more about the biological activities of C. peltata and C. taxifolia can refer to the material gathered from this study. The three steps proposed by this study were phytochemical composition, antioxidant scavenging, and in vivo metabolite profiling by the use of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) characterization, and the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. Using DPPH to measure antioxidant activity, both extracts demonstrated greater scavenging capability, with inhibition values of 42.59% and 39.81%, respectively. In both macroalgae, the GC-MS methodology has shown to be a quick, sensitive, and trustworthy way to monitor individual components and the entire chemical composition. In C. taxifolia, there are 29 phytochemical compounds, whereas in C. peltata, there are 26 types. The ethanol extract of the macroalgae C. taxifolia and C. peltata was then subjected to an FTIR spectrum. These findings at 3352 cm-1, 1654 cm-1, and 1019 cm-1 proved that alkanes, alkenes, and hydroxyl groups were present, corresponding to several compounds in the GC-MS measurement results. Caulerpa taxifolia and C. peltata are potential antibacterial agents; the bioactive compounds for this activity are Heptadecane, Hexadecanoic acid, and other ester derivatives.
Taxonomic notes of Alpinia subsect. Catimbium (Zingiberaceae) in Vietnam: The first record of Alpinia nobilis and description of a new species Alpinia hoangviet
Authors: NGUYEN THI LIEN THUONG , SAENSOUK SURAPON , NGUYEN VAN CANH , NGUYEN VAN KHUONG , PHAM THI THANH DAT , NGUYEN DANG KHOA , NGUYEN DANH DUC
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Nguyen TLT, Saensouk S, Nguyen VC, Nguyen VK, Pham TTD, Nguyen DK, Nguyen DD. 2023. Taxonomic notes of Alpinia subsect. Catimbium (Zingiberaceae) in Vietnam: The first record of Alpinia nobilis and description of a new species Alpinia hoangviet. Biodiversitas 24: 5293-5301. Alpinia subsect. Catimbium is characterized by the inflorescences being a raceme, panicle or spike; bracts usually absent; prominent bracteoles, if present, almost enclosing the flower buds, calyx deeply split unilaterally, deeply concave labellum usually over 3 cm long and yellow-orange marked crimson red, reduced staminodes being subulate to lightly swollen (nearly absent), and anther usually not crested. The revision of subsect. Catimbium in Vietnam is not completed yet. We estimate that the number of this subsect. is roughly 50% of Catimbium species of the World. As a result of the examination of our living specimens collected during 2019-2022, Alpinia nobilis was defined as a new record in southern Vietnam, and Alpinia hoangviet, a new species belonging to subsect. Catimbium (Zingiberaceae: Alpinieae) from Central Vietnam is described. The taxonomic treatment with a description, photographs, distribution, ecology, conservation assessment, and morphological comparison of the new species with their allies are provided. Moreover, a revised key to all species of Alpinia subsect. Catimbium in Vietnam, is included. Alpinia hirsuta and A. latilabris were eliminated from this key. Alpinia hirsuta is considered a member of subsect. Alpinia, whereas the presence of A. latilabris in Vietnam is a misidentification.
Morpho-physiological seed diversity and viability of Indonesian cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: WIDAJATI ENY , SYUKUR MUHAMAD , DIAGUNA RIDWAN , PERMATASARI OKTI SYAH ISYANI , RITONGA ARYA WIDURA , SAHID ZULFIKAR DAMARALAM , PRATIWI GAGAD RESTU , HATTA ANDI NADIA NURUL LATHIFA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Widajati E, Syukur M, Diaguna R, Permatasari OSI, Ritonga AW, Sahid ZD, Pratiwi GR, Hatta ANNL. 2023. Morpho-physiological seed diversity and viability of Indonesian cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Biodiversitas 24: 5319-5327. Cowpea is a legume with a potential nutritional content almost equivalent to soybeans; it can be developed as a substitute agent for raw materials for food processing. One of the factors in obtaining high cowpea production is to use of quality seeds. Our study aimed to evaluate the performance and morpho-physiological correlations and viability of cowpea seed collections from IPB University Bogor and the Indonesian Research Institute of Legume. We used ten genotypes of cowpea, which had superior seed information. The results showed that the ten cowpea genotypes had superior morpho-physiological and seed viability. The seed germination percentage was categorized as medium-high (>60%). Eight cowpea genotypes were grouped into one major group based on morpho-physiological characteristics and viability. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between the observed variables of seed viability (seed germination, seed growth speed, and seed vigor index). Our research results are useful as a source of genetic diversity for plant breeders in developing new superior varieties in the future. In addition, agronomists can use this information to plant cowpeas based on planting location.
Ecological adaptation of smallholders to tropical climate change in the highland zone of South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: BUSTHANUL NURBAYA , DEMMALLINO EYMAL B. , SULTANI HAIRUL RACHMAN , LAMPE MUNSI , ISMAIL ACHMAD , YASSI AMIR , DARIS LUKMAN , SAUDI MUH YAMIN , ZAINUDDIN ARIFAH
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Busthanul N, Demmallino EB, Sultani HR, Lampe M, Ismail A, Yassi A, Daris L, Saudi MY, Zainuddin A. 2023. Ecological adaptation of smallholders to tropical climate change in the highland zone of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5328-5335. Climate change has adversely affected the stability of agricultural production and livelihood systems, threatening the well-being of farmers in Indonesia, particularly small-scale farmers with limited resources. To mitigate the impacts of climate change on agricultural production, innovative approaches are required. Ecological adaptation is one of such approaches which addresses the threat of climate change. However, studies on ecological adaptation in Indonesia have mostly been concentrated on food crops, with limited attention to horticultural commodities in mountainous regions. This study aims to explore how horticulture farmers in the mountainous region of Enrekang District, South Sulawesi, adapt to the effects of tropical climate change. This study employs a post-positivistic approach, to a case study of the impact of climate change on the horticulture farming community in Enrekang District. The study uses a household survey method to gather quantitative data, while focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used to collect qualitative data using semi-structured and unstructured questionnaires. The study's findings revealed diverse ecological adaptation patterns among horticulture farmers, which include adjustments in planting timing, management of pests and diseases, crop rotation, and the use of pumping systems. In addition to these scientifically based strategies, local knowledge also played a crucial role in adaptation processes. Furthermore, to ensure the sustainability of these ecological adaptation strategies, there is a need for the government and scientists to support and empower local communities collectively. This recognition and collaboration are vital for ensuring the resilience and effectiveness of adaptation efforts in mitigating climate change.
Diversity and abundance of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as indicators of sugarcane agroecosystem stability in Blitar, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: SUJAK SUJAK , RAHARDJO BAMBANG TRI , MUHAMMAD FAIZ NASHIRUDDIN , RIZALI AKHMAD
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Sujak, Rahardjo BT, Muhammad FN, Rizali A. 2023. Diversity and abundance of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as indicators of sugarcane agroecosystem stability in Blitar, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5336-5342. The abundance of ant communities can be used as an indicator of stability in agroecosystems. This study was designed to evaluate the diversity and abundance of ant in three sugarcane cultivation ecosystems. The research was conducted in Ngembul Village, Binangun Subdistrict, Blitar, East Java, Indonesia from August 2021 to February 2022 The three observed sugarcane ecosystems were Ratoon Cane (RC) without tillage, Replanting Ratoon Cane (PRC) with tillage, and Newly Cultivated Plant Cane (NPC) with tillage. Ant collections were made using the pitfall trap method. In each field, pitfalls were systematically placed at 5 points. Pitfall traps were set for 24 hours, and samples were collected every 2 weeks. Identification was done at the genus level and further separated based on morphology (morphospecies). The research obtained 2,920 ant individuals belonging to 3 subfamilies, 7 genera, and 9 morphospecies. The highest diversity and abundance were found in the RC ecosystem compared to the PRC ecosystem and the NPC agroecosystem. The most dominant ant species was Crematogaster sp.1. The ant population in the RC ecosystem has more population growth compared to the PRC and NPC ecosystems. The results of the ANOSIM analysis indicated differences in ant community composition among the treatments. In conclusion, the ratoon sugarcane ecosystem sustains diversity and abundance of ants more compared to the other two ecosystems.
Evaluation of bioprospecting potential of epiphytic Gracilaria edulis harvested from seaweed farm in Seriwe Bay, Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: PRASEDYA EKA SUNARWIDHI , FITRIANI FITRIANI , SARASWATI PUTU BELLA APRILLIA , HAQIQI NIRWANA , QORIASMADILLAH WANDA , HIKMATURROHMI HIKMATURROHMI , NURHIDAYATI SITI ZAINIAH , ARIATI PUTU EKA PASMIDI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Prasedya ES, Fitriani F, Saraswati PBA, Haqiqi N, Qoriasmadillah W, Hikmaturrohmi H, Nurhidayati SZ, Ariati PEP. 2023.  Evaluation of bioprospecting potential of epiphytic Gracilaria edulis harvested from seaweed farm in Seriwe Bay, Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5343-5351. The seaweed industry is strategically important in Indonesia, comprising over 40% of the nation's aquaculture annual production. Despite the industry's promising growth, various challenges and problems remain, including intense epiphyte infestation. Hence, investigating the economic value of these epiphytes could provide new opportunities for potential industrial applications. Epiphytic algae is commonly found growing on commercial seaweeds which causes decreased biomass and increased risk of crop failure. Information regarding these epiphytic algae remains limited. This study investigates the molecular identification of the abundant epiphytic macroalgae found in one of the largest seaweed farms in, Seriwe Bay, Lombok, Indonesia. In addition, the epiphytic bioactive activity is also evaluated for further industrial potential. Molecular identification with the mitochondrial marker COX1 identifies the epiphytic macroalgae as Gracilaria edulis (S.G.Gmel.) P.C.Silva. The Indonesian G. edulis is closely related to the G. edulis specimens from Malaysia (JQ026083.1), Philippines (KY995636.1 and KY995635.1), and Thailand (JQ026088.1). The outgroup used was the G. edulis specimen from India (KP099563.1) because it shows the most distinct relationship to the other specimens. Extracted agar of Seriwe G. edulis shows moderate yield (21%) and low gel strength (134 g/cm2). The phytochemical content analyses show that G. edulis agar has a TPC value of 3.65 ± 0.52 mg GAE/g and promising antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 = 797.40 ± 1.50 µg/mL; ABTS IC50 = 558.40 ± 1.44 µg/mL). Further phytochemical profiling with GCMS shows various promising major constituents such as tetradecanoic acid, neophyte diene, pentadecanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid. Therefore, the findings suggest that G. edulis displays potential applications in the functional food and cosmetic industry.
Amplicon-based sequencing revealed potential microbiologically influenced corrosion in the interim storage for spent fuel of RSG-GAS, Serpong, Indonesia
Authors: SUGORO IRAWAN , FADILA DIANNISA SYAHWA RAHMA , PIKOLI MEGGA RATNASARI , HERMANTO FERI EKO , RAMADHAN FIRDAUS , SHALSABILLA SYALWA ERSADIWI , CICI ADE , RIJAL MOHAMMAD SYAMSUL , RAHAYU DYAH SULISTYANI , PUSPITO MARHAENI JOKO , HARIBOWO DINDA RAMA , TETRIANA DEVITA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Sugoro I, Fadila DSR, Pikoli MR, Hermanto FE, Ramadhan F, Shalsabilla SE, Cici A, Rijal MS, Rahayu DS, Puspito MJ, Haribowo DR, Tetriana D. 2023. Amplicon-based sequencing revealed potential microbiologically influenced corrosion in the interim storage for spent fuel of RSG-GAS, Serpong, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5391-5398. Interim storage of spent fuel (ISSF) corrosion can negatively impact nuclear power plant maintenance, specifically concerning safety, financial costs, and regulatory compliance. Besides chemical reactions, microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) also primarily occurred. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) plays a significant role in the development of MIC. The quantitative of MIC research has never been conducted in the ISSF - Multipurpose nuclear reactor of G.A. Siwabessy (RSG-GAS). So, this study aims to monitor the potential MIC development in the ISSF of RSG-GAS pool and canal through bacterial diversity analysis using total plate count (TPC) and metagenomic approach. TPC results showed that SRB was identified in the canal of ISSF but not in the pool site. However, metagenomics analysis revealed higher diversity measures in the pool than in the canal sites. Staphylococcus sp. was the most abundant species in both sites, with a relative abundance greater than 85%. The number of SRB and MIC-related bacteria was higher in the canal than in the pool, both from TPC and metagenomic analysis. Several SRB taxa were identified, such as Desulfobulbus mediterraneus, Desulfobulbus sp., Desulfofustis sp., Desulfovibrio sp., and Truepera sp. The potential MIC development also strengthens by diversity-based metabolic pathway prediction, which mainly displayed sulfur oxidation and sulfate reduction pathways in the canal system.
Species diversity of Annonaceae in the four selected protected areas in the Bicol Region, Philippines
Authors: RETUERMA-DIONEDA ANNE , ALEJANDRO GRECEBIO JONATHAN D.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Retuerma-Dioneda A, Alejandro GJD. 2023. Species diversity of Annonaceae in the four selected protected areas in the Bicol Region, Philippines. Biodiversitas 24: 5428-5438. An explorational survey of four selected protected areas (PAs) was conducted in the Bicol region for Annonaceae. The study aimed to provide species diversity of Annonaceae with an account of their endemicity and distribution. The four PAs were the Abasig-Matogdon-Mananap Natural Biotic Area (AMMNBA), Bulusan Volcano Natural Park (BVNP), Mt. Isarog Natural Park (MINP), and Mt. Mayon Volcano Natural Park (MMVNP). Thirty samples were collected and identified, 16 species belonging to 13 genera, namely Annona, Artabotrys, Cananga, Drepananthus, Goniothalamus, Fissistigma, Friesodielsia, Meiogyne, Monoon, Phaeanthus, Polyalthia, Popowia, and Uvaria. Miliuseae is the most species-rich tribe with 7 species (43.75%), followed by Uvarieae with 4 species (25%), Annoneae with 2 species, Canangeae with 2 species (12.5% each), and Xylopieae with 1 species (6.25%). A key of all Annonaceae species collected in the four PAs is provided here. Five Philippine endemic species were identified, namely G. elmeri in the four PAs; P. luzonensis in three PAs; F. lanceolata, and P. lanceolata in AMMNBA; and U. valderramensis in BVNP. AMMNBA has the highest number of species (43%). The species identified comprises 10.88% of the 147 recorded Philippine Annonaceae species. The results highlight the presence and occurrence of Annonaceae essential for management and conservation policy.
Relationship analysis based on phytochemical contents among coffee pulp from three coffee species collected in Southern Thailand and Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: MAXISELLY YUDITHIA , MAULANA HARIS , CHUMTHONG AMORNRAT , CHIARAWIPA RAWEE
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Maxiselly Y, Maulana H, Chumthong A, Chiarawipa R. 2023. Relationship analysis based on phytochemical contents among coffee pulp from three coffee species collected in Southern Thailand and Jambi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5439-5445. Coffee pulp is part of the coffee cherry, except for the seed, and has many benefits for human health. The research aimed to analyze phytochemical contents and the relationship among the coffee pulp of three coffee species: Coffea arabica (Arabica), Coffea canephora (Robusta), and Coffea liberica (Liberica), collected in southern Thailand and Jambi, Indonesia. The coffee pulp of Arabica from Indonesia dominated in three variables: antioxidant activity (67.37±11.83 mg/100g DW), tannin (40.71 ±3.52 mg/100g DW), and phenolic (50.47±5.43 mg/100g DW). Robusta coffee pulp from Thailand contained a lower value of all phytochemical components. However, the coffee pulp of Liberica from Thailand had the highest value for flavonoid content (18.19±0.95 mg/100g DW) and saponin content (0.77±0.09 g/100g DW) among the three species in both countries. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) also supports the result, which shows connectivity among antioxidant activity, tannin, and phenolic to Arabica from Indonesia, with flavonoid and saponin to Liberica from Thailand. These results indicate both the species and the environment influenced the phytochemical compositions of coffee pulp. Thus, Indonesia may benefit from developing more Arabica and Robusta coffee pulp products, while Thailand may benefit from creating the Liberica coffee pulp product.
Stakeholders and network analyses in Tambora National Park, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia
Authors: ANSHOR MUHAMMAD , BASUNI SAMBAS , ARIEF HARNIOS , SUNARMINTO TUTUT
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Anshor M, Basuni S, Arief H, Sunarminto T. 2023. Stakeholders and network analyses in Tambora National Park, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5446-5463. The complexity of managing Tambora National Park (Tambora NP), West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia poses a challenge to be overcome effectively by Tambora NP Office alone, thus the involvement of broader stakeholders is needed. These stakeholders have their respective levels of influence and interests which affect the relationship between them and Tambora NP Office. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the stakeholders related to the management of Tambora NP, and investigate their interests and influence using social network analysis. A stakeholder analysis was conducted by the following steps: (i) identifying the stakeholders, (ii) mapping the stakeholders, and (iii) assessing the relationship among stakeholders. The analysis identified 38 stakeholders related to Tambora NP management. Tambora NP Office is the primary stakeholder with the highest level of influence and interest. The relationship established in the management network of Tambora NP is still weak and centralized among several stakeholders in which Tambora NP Office is the most central stakeholder. The relationship among stakeholders is dominated by five stakeholders, namely Tambora NP Office, Natural Resources Conservation Agency of West Nusa Tenggara (BKSDA NTB), Executive Board (DP) of Geopark Tambora, Forest Management Unit (KPH) Tambora and the Environment and Forestry Provincial Service of West Nusa Tenggara Province (Dinas LHK NTB). These five institutions also dominate the proximity between stakeholders, so the information flow is not evenly distributed to all stakeholders. The weak relationships among stakeholders could be overcome by enhancing the flow of information and communication which could be facilitated by Tambora NP Office, BKSDA NTB, and DP Geopark Tambora.
Ethnobotanical study of peraq api ritual in Sasak Tribe of Lombok Island, Indonesia and its potential for sustainable tourism
Authors: RAHAYU SLAMET MARDIYANTO , BATORO JATI , SUKENTI KURNIASIH , HAKIM LUCHMAN
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Rahayu SM, Batoro J, Sukenti K, Hakim L. 2023. Ethnobotanical study of peraq api ritual in Sasak Tribe of Lombok Island, Indonesia and its potential for sustainable tourism. Biodiversitas 24: 5485-5494. Peraq api is a ritual for giving baby names by the Sasak Tribe in Lombok Island, Indonesia. This ritual uses various species of plants and processions to symbolize values and beliefs of the Sasak people. This unique cultural knowledge and practice might interest tourists to experience the ritual. This study aims to determine the diversity of plant species used in peraq api ritual and the ethnobotanical knowledge embedded on it, and to assess the potential of utilizing this ritual for sustainable tourism development. This research was conducted in villages around the Mandalika Area, including Sengkol, Kuta, Sukadana, and Mertak Villages, located in Pujut Sub-district, Central Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The research was carried out by combining the methods of direct observation, participatory observation and interviews. Information on the species and vernacular names, plant part used, mode of use, conservation status of the plant as well as its habitat were collected and analyzed using descriptive and qualitative approaches. Based on the research, it was found that 15 families, 21 genera and 22 plant species were used in peraq api ritual. Each plant symbolizes the indigenous value and beliefs of Sasak Tribe related to their connection with God, people and environment. The use of plants in peraq api ritual also shows the indigenous intelligence of the Sasak Tribe. Traditional knowledge about the uses of plants and landscape management plays an important role in plant conservation. Plants used in the peraq api ritual can be found in various habitats, including homegarden, garden, riverside and ricefield. These various habitats resemble the indigenous ecological and ethnobotanical knowledge of Sasak Tribe in landscape management which has a very positive role in conserving biodiversity, creating a sustainable environment and socio-cultural preservation. The peraq api ritual has the potential to be develope as a sustainable tourism. The development of peraq api rituals for tourism might be useful to preserve cultural values of Sasak Tribe ??as a national cultural asset, conserve plant diversity and environment and improve the welfare of local communities.
The effectiveness of the mixture of basil and betel leaves methanol extracts to suppress Colletotrichum acutatum, the causal agent of anthracnose disease on postharvest cayenne chili
Authors: NASAHI CEPPY , RAMADHANTY SUCI , SUDARJAT SUDARJAT , KURNIADIE DENNY , BARI ICHSAN NURUL , SUBAKTI-PUTRI SYIFA NABILAH
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Nasahi C, Ramadhanty S, Sudarjat S, Kurniadie D, Bari IN, Subakti-Putri SN. 2023. The effectiveness of the mixture of basil and betel leaves methanol extracts to suppress Colletotrichum acutatum, the causal agent of anthracnose disease on postharvest cayenne chili. Biodiversitas 24: 5513-5522. Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, is a major disease in the cultivation of chili plantations in Indonesia. It is usually controlled by farmers using synthetic fungicides with many adverse effects. Therefore, botanical fungicides are applied as alternative control techniques. This research aimed to examine the effect of mixed methanol extract of basil (Ocimum basilicum) and betel leaves (Piper betle) against C. acutatum on cayenne chili (Capsicum annuum). The method used was a randomized block design (RBD) with thirteen treatments and three replications. The results showed that combining basil and betel leaf methanol extracts suppressed C. acutatum. Furthermore, the most effective treatment was a mixture of 1.5% of each of the extracts, which suppressed the development of the disease at 62.07%. The GC-MS profiling of the basil and betel leaf methanol fraction indicated the presence of bioactive compounds that have antifungal effects against anthracnose.
Macroinvertebrate assessment in seagrass ecosystem in Sinacaban Municipality, Misamis Occidental, Philippines
Authors: MAHILAC HEIZEL MAE O. , TANDINGAN JOYLINBER P. , TORRES ARMI G. , AMPARADO JR RUBEN , ROA-QUIAOIT HILLY ANN
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Mahilac HMO, Tandingan JP, Torres AG, Amparado JRR, Roa-Quiaoit HA. 2023. Macroinvertebrate assessment in seagrass ecosystem in Sinacaban Municipality, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. Biodiversitas 24: 5586-5597. Marine ecosystems such as seagrasses are economically and ecologically important in tropical coastal areas like Sinacaban municipality, southern Philippines. This study assessed the macrobenthic species and water quality (e.g., pH, salinity, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and total suspended solids (TSS) in three seagrass areas in the municipality. The study showed the seagrass habitats with 40 macrofaunal species from the classes Gastropoda (27), Bivalvia (11), and Crustacea (2), with Clibanarius longitarsus as the most abundant species (77 individuals or 24% relative abundance). The Strombidae family holds the highest dominance within the Gastropoda class, whereas the Arcidae family is the most dominant within the Bivalvia class. However, there is no dominant family within the Crustacea class. Water quality showed pH at 7, 30 ppt salinity, and 28? within their standard limits, while DO (8 mg/L) and TSS (127 mg/L) exceeded their range. This study recorded eight economic important species and five least concern International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) species. Among the three (3) sites, the seagrass area in Libertad has the highest species richness (28), Shannon’s Index (2.92), and species evenness (0.66). The Chao estimation result revealed that Libertad (37.17) and Poblacion (18.5) have lower uncertainty in their species estimates than Colupan (39.60), which has a wider range of potential species richness. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) proved that there are species that can adapt to a certain level of environmental parameters, like Angaria delphinus, while Decatopecten radula is one of the species that does not correlate with the water parameters in the study. The findings are critical for biodiversity conservation, ecosystem management, sustainable resource use, and adaptation to changing environments in order to maintain ecological balance and the long-term health of the seagrass ecosystem.
Supporting food security through urban home gardening, Rancasari Sub-district, Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: WULANDARI INDRI , HUSODO TEGUH , MULYANTO DEDE , ABDOELLAH OEKAN S. , AMALIA CIKA ASTI , FARHANIAH SHOFI SITI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Wulandari I, Husodo T, Mulyanto D, Abdoellah OS, Amalia CA, Farhaniah S. 2023. Supporting food security through urban home gardening, Rancasari Sub-district, Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5618-5625. Urban areas are closely related to the increase in human population, which triggers increased demand for land for settlements or housing. The increase in human population is in line with the increase in daily food requirements. As agricultural land decreases, agricultural productivity decreases, but much agricultural land has been converted into non-agricultural land, leading to food insecurity. Urban farming through home gardening is one of the methods to maintain food security amidst limited open land. This study aimed to reveal urban farming as a role model for food security through home gardens in the Rancasari Sub-district, Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. This study used a quantitative approach. Data were collected using purposive sampling in housing >20 years old in Manjahlega and Mekarjaya Village. Plants are divided based on their utilization, including ornamental, spice, medicine, and food plants. The results showed that 803 species and 20,366 individuals of 130 families were found in Manjahlega Village, while 680 species and 10,862 individuals were found in the Mekarjaya Village. In Manjahlega, mango (Mangifera indica L.) has the highest IVI value of 64.58, while in Mekarjaya, Chinese evergreen (Aglaonema commutatum Schott.) has the highest IVI value of 10.2. Based on their use, ornamental plants have the highest H and R values compared to food, medicines, and spice plants. Ornamental plants dominate home gardens in Rancasari Sub-district. Their home gardens tend to be aimed at providing aesthetic value and beauty rather than producing food, medicines, and spices in the household. Home gardening has not been fully effective in supporting urban farming in Rancasari Sub-district due to the selection of ornamental plants.
Evaluation of body weight and morphometric characteristics of the young queen of Apis cerana javana at different queen cup cell sizes
Authors: MASYITHOH DEWI , KENTJONOWATY INGGIT , SALLEH SURAYA MOHAMAD , USTADI USTADI , AGUSSALIM AGUSSALIM , NASTAIN FIQIH SHOLINA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Masyithoh D, Kentjonowaty I, Salleh SM, Ustadi, Agussalim, Nastain FS. 2023. Evaluation of body weight and morphometric characteristics of the young queen of Apis cerana javana at different queen cup cell sizes. Biodiversitas 24: 5626-5633. This study investigates body weight and morphometric characteristics of Apis cerana javana queen rearing based on differences in the queen cup sizes. The queen cell sizes were divided into three categories; the first group was a small category (T1) with a height of 0.75 cm, top diameter of 0.65 cm, and bottom diameter of 0.44 cm. The second treatment was medium category (T2) with a height of 0.85 cm, a top diameter of 0.71 cm, and a bottom diameter of 0.54 cm. The third treatment was a large category (T3) with a height of 1.00 cm, a top diameter of 0.71 cm, and a bottom diameter of 0.62 cm. The morphometrics investigated consisted of hatch weight, pupae length, body length, head, abdomen, wing, and hind leg morphometrics. The results showed that the differences in the queen cup size had no effect (P>0.05) on the hatch weight, body length, width, and length of the head, thorax, fore and hind wing (length and width), and abdomen (length and height). The different queen cell sizes did not affect the wing morphometrics (P>0.05). In addition, the leg morphometrics consisting of femur, tibia, tarsus, and metatarsus were also not affected (P>0.05) by the different queen cup sizes. These results revealed that the different queen cup sizes did not negatively impact the morphometric characteristics of A. cerana javana queen’s.