bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of a model to understand the synergies underlying the antibacterial mechanism of H2O2-producing honeys
Authors: Masoura Maria , Passaretti Paolo , Overton Tim W. , Lund Pete A. , Gkatzionis Konstantinos
Published: October 2020

Honey has been valued as a powerful antimicrobial since ancient times. However, the understanding of the underlying antibacterial mechanism is incomplete. The complexity and variability of honey composition represent a challenge to this scope. In this study, a simple model system was used to investigate the antibacterial effect of, and possible synergies between, the three main stressors present in honey: sugars, gluconic acid, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which result from the enzymatic conversion of glucose on honey dilution. Our results demonstrated that the synergy of H2O2 and gluconic acid is essential for the antibacterial activity of honey. This synergy caused membrane depolarization, destruction of the cell wall, and eventually growth inhibition of E. coli K-12. The presence of H2O2 stimulated the generation of other long-lived ROS in a dose-dependent manner. Sugars caused osmosis-related morphological changes, however, decreased the toxicity of the H2O2/gluconic acid. The susceptibility of catalase and general stress response sigma factor mutants confirmed the synergy of the three stressors, which is enhanced at higher H2O2 concentrations. By monitoring cellular phenotypic changes caused by model honey, we explained how this can be bactericidal even though the antimicrobial compounds which it contains are at non-inhibitory concentrations.
Probing light-driven quantum materials with ultrafast resonant inelastic X-ray scattering
Authors: Mitrano Matteo , Wang Yao
Published: October 2020

Ultrafast optical pulses are an increasingly important tool for controlling quantum materials and triggering novel photo-induced phase transitions. Understanding these dynamic phenomena requires a probe sensitive to spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom. Time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (trRIXS) is an emerging spectroscopic method, which responds to this need by providing unprecedented access to the finite-momentum fluctuation spectrum of photoexcited solids. In this Perspective, we briefly review state-of-the-art trRIXS experiments on condensed matter systems, as well as recent theoretical advances. We then describe future research opportunities in the context of light control of quantum matter.
Deep learning model predicts water interaction sites on the surface of proteins using limited-resolution data
Authors: Zaucha Jan , Softley Charlotte A. , Sattler Michael , Frishman Dmitrij , Popowicz Grzegorz M.
Published: October 2020

Deep learning model ‘hotWater’ scans the surface of proteins to identify the most likely water binding sites.
Gated thermoelectric sensation by nanochannels grafted with thermally responsive polymers
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Yang Rongjie , Lin Xingyu , Su Bin
Published: October 2020

Artificial nanochannels modified with thermo-responsive polymers can mimic protein channels in mammals with an adjustable gated potential response to a temperature stimulus.
Ionicity of deep eutectic solvents by Walden plot and pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR)
Authors: Wang Yaqing , Chen Wenjun , Zhao Qi , Jin Guizhen , Xue Zhimin , Wang Yingxiong , Mu Tiancheng
Published: October 2020

The transport properties and ionicity of DESs were investigated by using Walden plot and the pulsed field gradient NMR method.
Addition of carbon-centered radicals to aromatic antioxidants: mechanistic aspects
Authors: Nauser Thomas , Gebicki Janusz M.
Published: October 2020

Propreties and possible biological implications of the reaction cascade of polyphenols with carbon-centered radicals are described.
Controlled growth of porous oxygen-deficient NiCo2O4 nanobelts as high-efficiency electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Yao Shangzhi , Wei Haoshan , Zhang Yong , Zhang Xueru , Wang Yan , Liu Jiaqin , Tan Hark Hoe , Xie Ting , Wu Yucheng
Published: October 2020

NiCo2O4 with a controlled oxygen vacancy concentration introduced by an Ar-annealing process greatly improved OER activity.
Effect of calcination temperature on neptunium dioxide microstructure and dissolution
Authors: Peruski Kathryn M. , Powell Brian A.
Published: October 2020

Solubility of neptunium dioxide decreases as microstructure grain size increases, likely due to decreasing surface free energy and surface area.
Inorganic salts and organic matter effects on nanorod, nanowire, and nanoplate MoO3aggregation, dissolution, and photocatalysis
Authors: Fanourakis Sofia K. , Peña-Bahamonde Janire , Rodrigues Debora F.
Published: October 2020

Inorganic salts (NaCl and CaCl2) and organic material (humic acid and extracellular polymeric substances) have differing effects on the aquatic stability and photocatalytic activity of structurally different MoO3materials.
A polysaccharide from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench bee pollen alleviates microbiota dysbiosis to improve intestinal barrier function in antibiotic-treated mice
Authors: Zhu Liuying , Li Juan , Wei Changhao , Luo Ting , Deng Zeyuan , Fan Yawei , Zheng Liufeng
Published: October 2020

A polysaccharide from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench bee pollen relieves antibiotic-induced microbiota dysbiosis to improve immune function and intestinal barrier integrity by increasing intestinal sIgA secretion and inhibiting inflammation.
Carbon dots from roasted chicken accumulate in lysosomes and induce lysosome-dependent cell death
Authors: Wu Yanyang , Song Xunyu , Wang Nanying , Cong Shuang , Zhao Xue , Rai Rewa , Tan Mingqian
Published: October 2020

Thermal processing may generate toxicants.
A twist in the non-slanted H-mers to control π-conjugation in 2-dimensions and optical properties
Authors: Das Mrinal Kanti , Hameed Fatima , Lillis Ryan , Gavvalapalli Nagarjuna
Published: October 2020

Three non-slanted H-mers with varying twist and electronic nature of rungs are synthesized. The twist and nature of rungs play a key role in the emission and fluorescence lifetime of H-mers but have little impact on the absorption spectra.
Itaconate is a covalent inhibitor of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase
Authors: Kwai Brooke X. C. , Collins Annabelle J. , Middleditch Martin J. , Sperry Jonathan , Bashiri Ghader , Leung Ivanhoe K. H.
Published: October 2020

Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyases (ICLs) form a covalent adduct with itaconate through their catalytic cysteine residue. These results reveal atomic details of itaconate inhibition and provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of ICLs.
Effectively improving the energy of monocyclic imidazoles to a high level by the introduction of bridge-rings and nitro groups through different kinds of Diels–Alder reactions: a DFT study
Authors: Wu Qiong , Hu Qinnan , Li Mingquan , Zhang Zewu , Zhu Weihua
Published: October 2020

In this work, the classic Diels–Alder reaction was employed to improve the energy of traditional existing monocyclic imidazole-based energetic compounds to a high level.
Proteomics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the quest for biomarkers
Authors: Khan Tila , Dasgupta Sanjukta , Ghosh Nilanjana , Chaudhury Koel
Published: October 2020

This review focuses on proteomics analysis of biofluids derived from IPF patients, animal models of pulmonary fibrosis and cell lines.
Photoinduced synthesis and antitumor activity of a phakellistatin 18 analog with an isoindolinone fragment
Authors: Bao Yujun , Jiang Shitian , Zhao Lishuang , Jin Yingxue , Yan Rui , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: October 2020

Photoinduced synthesis and antitumor activity of a phakellistatin 18 analog with an isoindolinone fragment.
Coral-like plasmonic probes for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Capaccio Angela , Sasso Antonio , Tarallo Oreste , Rusciano Giulia
Published: October 2020

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the analysis of system interfaces, enabling access to chemical information with nanometric spatial resolution and sensitivity up to the single molecule level.
Intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of a single IrOx nanoparticle towards oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Du Minshu , Meng Yao , Zhu Geju , Gao Mingze , Hsu Hsien-Yi , Liu Feng
Published: October 2020

Electrocatalytic OER activity of single IrOx nanoparticle was studied based on the particle collision electrochemistry.
Modulating the dynamics of Förster resonance energy transfer and singlet fission by variable molecular spacers
Authors: Zirzlmeier Johannes , Lavarda Giulia , Gotfredsen Henrik , Papadopoulos Ilias , Chen Lan , Clark Timothy , Tykwinski Rik R. , Torres Tomás , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: October 2020

The synergy between panchromatic absorption and molecular singlet fission (SF) is exploited to optimize solar energy conversion.
Recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based microdevices for point-of-care diagnosis of viruses and bacteria
Authors: Chen Hao , Das Anupam , Bi Liyan , Choi Namhyun , Moon Joung-Il , Wu Yixuan , Park Sohyun , Choo Jaebum
Published: October 2020

This minireview reports the recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based assay devices for the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Surface passivation dictated site-selective growth of aligned carbon nanotubes
Authors: Sen Supriti , Raju Mula , Jacob Chacko
Published: October 2020

A mechanism based on defect density modulation has been proposed for the observed switching of growth sites of aligned CNTs.
Retraction: Water-soluble multidentate polymers compactly coating Ag2S quantum dots with minimized hydrodynamic size and bright emission tunable from red to second near-infrared region
Authors: Marshall Charlotte
Published: October 2020

Retraction of ‘Water-soluble multidentate polymers compactly coating Ag2S quantum dots with minimized hydrodynamic size and bright emission tunable from red to second near-infrared region’ by Rijun Gui et al., Nanoscale, 2014, 6, 5467–5473, DOI: 10.1039/C4NR00282B.
Fast curing of polyhydroxyurethanes via ring opening polyaddition of low viscosity cyclic carbonates and amines
Authors: Capar Özgür , Tabatabai Monir , Klee Joachim E. , Worm Matthias , Hartmann Laura , Ritter Helmut
Published: October 2020

We investigate the curing of low viscosity di-/tricyclic carbonates and amines for adjustable polyhydroxyurethanes and their application in a double chamber syringe.
DFT-calculation-assisted prediction of the copolymerization between cyclic ketene acetals and traditional vinyl monomers
Authors: Tardy Antoine , Gil Noémie , Plummer Christopher M. , Zhu Chen , Harrisson Simon , Siri Didier , Nicolas Julien , Gigmes Didier , Guillaneuf Yohann , Lefay Catherine
Published: October 2020

The ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) and vinyl monomers is an elegant method to produce degradable copolymers. Owing to DFT calculations, we are now able to better understand the reactivity of CKAs & common vinyl monomers.
Bismuth dots imbedded in ultralong nitrogen-doped carbon tubes for highly efficient lithium ion storage
Authors: Qiu Xiaoling , Wang Boya , Jing Peng , Zhang Yin , Zhang Mi , Wang Qian , Chen Xianchun , Zhang Yun , Wu Hao
Published: October 2020

A hollow tube-shaped Bi/carbon hybrid is constructed for lithium ion storage, which is made up of ultrafine Bi nanodots homogeneously space-confined in the inner wall of ultralong nitrogen-doped carbon tubes.
Rh-Catalyzed diastereo- and linear-selective α-allylation of chiral cycloenamines
Authors: Wang Xiaoji , Luo Yunhao , Qin Shuanglin , Sun Yue , Wang Ning , Yan Jun , Yang Guang
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a Rh-catalyzed diastereoselective α-allylation of cycloenamines is demonstrated.
Manganese- and rhenium-catalyzed C–H enaminylation: expedient access to novel indole–purine hybrids with anti-tumor bioactivities
Authors: Xu Zhongnan , Wang Yuqing , Zheng Yucheng , Huang Zhixing , Ackermann Lutz , Ruan Zhixiong
Published: October 2020

The C–H enaminylation of novel 6-(1H-indol-1-yl)-purines with ketenimines was accomplished by means of aqueous manganese and rhenium catalysis, which sets the stage for the facile synthesis of indole–purine hybrids with anti-tumor bioactivities.
Palladium-catalyzed carbonylations of highly substituted olefins using CO-surrogates
Authors: Sang Rui , Schneider Carolin , Razzaq Rauf , Neumann Helfried , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2020

CO surrogate chemistry: General protocols for alkoxycarbonylations of highly substituted olefins with paraformaldehyde and methyl formate are reported, allowing the performance of carbonylation reactions in all labs and for all kinds of substrates.
Microwave-assisted calcination of electrospun indium–gallium–zinc oxide nanofibers for high-performance field-effect transistors
Authors: Cho Seong-Kun , Cho Won-Ju
Published: October 2020

We report a systematic study on the microstructure and optical and mechanical properties of IGZO nanofibers for high performance field-effect transistors (FETs), as well as the effects of microwave-assisted calcination on the electrical properties and instability of FETs.
Heavy metal induced stress on wheat: phytotoxicity and microbiological management
Authors: Rizvi Asfa , Zaidi Almas , Ameen Fuad , Ahmed Bilal , AlKahtani Muneera D. F. , Khan Mohd. Saghir
Published: October 2020

Among many soil problems, heavy metal accumulation is one of the major agronomic challenges that has seriously threatened food safety.
Semiconductor ZnO based photosensitizer core–shell upconversion nanoparticle heterojunction for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Yongmei , Li Yuemei , Bai Yandong , Wang Rui , Lin Laixiang , Sun Yina
Published: October 2020

NaErF4@ZnO UCNPs for potential application in thyroid tumor cell PDT.
Retraction: Light-triggered nitric oxide release and targeted fluorescence imaging in tumor cells developed from folic acid-graft-carboxymethyl chitosan nanospheres
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: October 2020

Retraction of ‘Light-triggered nitric oxide release and targeted fluorescence imaging in tumor cells developed from folic acid-graft-carboxymethyl chitosan nanospheres’ by Rijun Gui et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 30129–30136, DOI: 10.1039/C4RA03034F.
Fast predictions of liquid-phase acid-catalyzed reaction rates using molecular dynamics simulations and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Chew Alex K. , Jiang Shengli , Zhang Weiqi , Zavala Victor M. , Van Lehn Reid C.
Published: October 2020

Solvent-mediated, acid-catalyzed reaction rates relevant to the upgrading of biomass into high-value chemicals are accurately predicted using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and 3D convolutional neural networks.
Direct, stereoselective thioglycosylation enabled by an organophotoredox radical strategy
Authors: Ji Peng , Zhang Yueteng , Gao Feng , Bi Fangchao , Wang Wei
Published: October 2020

Organophotoredox mediated HAT catalysis is developed for achieving high anomerically selective thioglycosylation of glycosyl bromides.
Regioisomeric control of layered crystallinity in solution-processable organic semiconductors
Authors: Inoue Satoru , Higashino Toshiki , Arai Shunto , Kumai Reiji , Matsui Hiroyuki , Tsuzuki Seiji , Horiuchi Sachio , Hasegawa Tatsuo
Published: October 2020

An isomorphous bilayer-type layered herringbone crystal packing is reported for a series of four positional isomers of mono-C8-BTNTs, where the single-crystal devices with the isomers exhibit high-performance TFT characteristics.
Porous metal–organic alloys based on soluble coordination cages
Authors: Antonio Alexandra M. , Korman Kyle J. , Yap Glenn P. A. , Bloch Eric D.
Published: October 2020

Surface-functionalized porous coordination cages can be used to create homogeneous mixed-cage alloys with high levels of tunability and processability.
Gold nanocages for effective photothermal conversion and related applications
Authors: Qiu Jichuan , Xie Minghao , Wu Tong , Qin Dong , Xia Younan
Published: October 2020

Gold nanocages are highly effective in converting light to heat, making them versatile for an array of photothermal applications.
Development of a new vacuum-based photovoltaic/thermal collector, and its thermal and exergy analyses
Authors: Radwan Ali , Katsura Takao , Memon Saim , Abo-Zahhad Essam M. , Abdelrehim O. , Serageldin Ahmed A. , Elmarghany Mohamed R. , Khater Asmaa , Nagano Katsunori
Published: October 2020

Photovoltaic–thermal (PV/T) solar collectors convert solar radiation into electrical power and heat.
Understanding the A-site non-stoichiometry in perovskites: promotion of exsolution of metallic nanoparticles and the hydrogen oxidation reaction in solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Yu Na , Jiang Guang , Liu Tong , Chen Xi , Miao Mengyu , Zhang Yanxiang , Wang Yao
Published: October 2020

A-site non-stoichiometry in perovskites can greatly facilitate the exsolution of metallic nanoparticles from the parent oxides, and enable effectively enhanced electrochemical activity in perovskite type hydrogen electrodes.
An oxo-verdazyl radical for a symmetrical non-aqueous redox flow battery
Authors: Korshunov Aleksandr , Milner Matthew James , Grünebaum Mariano , Studer Armido , Winter Martin , Cekic-Laskovic Isidora
Published: October 2020

Verdazyl free radical compounds are promising candidates for symmetrical all-organic redox flow batteries (RFBs) due to their redox stability, the ease with which their chemical structure can be varied, and their unique bipolar nature.
Towards accelerated durability testing protocols for CO2 electrolysis
Authors: Nwabara U. O. , de Heer M. P. , Cofell E. R. , Verma S. , Negro E. , Kenis Paul J. A.
Published: October 2020

This work researches and proposes methods for accelerating durability studies for the electroreduction of CO2 to value added chemicals.
Curved aromatic corannulene as an efficient enhancer for n-type thermoelectric single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yamada Mihoko , Goto Chigusa , Aoki Hiroyo , Nonoguchi Yoshiyuki , Kawai Tsuyoshi
Published: October 2020

The thermoelectric properties of n-type single-walled carbon nanotubes were simultaneously enhanced by secondary molecular doping with corannulene.
Internal nanoscale architecture and charge carrier dynamics of wide bandgap non-fullerene bulk heterojunction active layers in organic solar cells
Authors: Jiang Xinyu , Kim Hongwon , Deimel Peter S. , Chen Wei , Cao Wei , Yang Dan , Yin Shanshan , Schaffrinna Roy , Allegretti Francesco , Barth Johannes V. , Schwager Martina , Tang Haodong , Wang Kai , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Roth Stephan V. , Müller-Buschbaum Peter
Published: October 2020

The nanoscale architecture of active layer based on wide bandgap non-fullerene solar cells exhibits pronounced influence by the solvent additive.
Bioinspired tissue-compliant hydrogels with multifunctions for synergistic surgery–photothermal therapy
Authors: Jiang Wenwen , Chen Yuzhong , Zhao Lin , Xu Jiaying , Zhao Rui , Serpe Michael J. , Hu Liang
Published: October 2020

A multifunction hydrogel system was designed to ablate residual tumors in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice models after surgery via photothermal therapy.
Cascade amplified colorimetric immunoassay based on an integrated multifunctional composite with catalytic coordination polymers for prostate specific antigen detection
Authors: Wu Sixuan , Wang Caihong , Wang Jinhong , Tan Hongliang
Published: October 2020

An integrated multifunctional composite with catalytic CPs is used as a detection antibody for the cascade amplified detection of PSA.
Liguster – eine (un)bekannte vergessene Arzneipflanze?
Authors: Melzig Matthias F
Published: October 2020

Der Liguster, Ligustrum vulgare L., gehört zu den vergessenen Arzneipflanzen, dessen Blätter, historisch belegt, v. a. zur Entzündungshemmung im Mund- und Halsbereich genutzt wurden. Der Nachweis relevanter Mengen an Secoiridoiden, wie Oleuropein, sowie Flavonoiden und Phenylpropanoiden stützen diese Indikation und sollten neue pharmakologische Untersuchungen an Ligusterblättern rechtfertigen.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and risk of neoplastic progression in patients with Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Peleg Noam , Schmilovitz-Weiss Hemda , Shamah Steven , Schwartz Ariel , Dotan Iris , Sapoznikov Boris
Published: October 2020

Background Patient’s with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) are at risk of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was found to be a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with EAC; however, its performance in premalignant esophageal lesions is vague. We aimed to evaluate the utility of NLR as a predictor of histologic progression in patients with BE.

Methods A prospective cohort of patients with proven BE in a tertiary referral center was retrospectively analyzed. All biopsies were reviewed by an expert gastrointestinal pathologist. The discriminatory capacity of NLR was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve analysis and Cox regression analysis.

Results 324 patients (mean age 62.3 years, 241 [74.4 %] males) were included in the final analysis. Overall, 13 patients demonstrated histologic progression to neoplasia over a mean follow-up of 3.7 years (progression risk 1.0 % per year). The AUC of NLR for progression to high grade dysplasia (HGD) or EAC was 0.88 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.83 – 0.96), and baseline NLR was associated with a 3-fold increase of progression to HGD and EAC during follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] 3.2, 95 %CI 1.5 – 5.8; P < 0.001). Notably, in a subgroup analysis of patients with nondysplastic BE (NDBE) at presentation, NLR was also a risk factor for histologic progression (HR 2.4, 95 %CI 1.7 – 3.4; P < 0.001).

Conclusion NLR predicted histologic progression in patients with BE. Patients with NDBE and NLR above 2.4 can be considered for specific surveillance programs with shorter intervals between sessions.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Oxidative Dearomatization of N-Boc Indoles
Authors: Zhou Xiao-Yu , Bao Ming , Chen Xia , Feng Xiu-Juan
Published: October 2020

Ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative dearomatization of N-Boc indoles for the synthesis of indolin-3-ones is described. The N-Boc indoles can be transformed into indolin-3-ones in acetonitrile, using RuCl­3·3H2O as catalyst and sodium periodate (1.5 equiv) as oxidant. Further, a possible mechanism has been proposed on the basis of control experiments.
The Changing Landscape in Pediatric Hospitals: A Multicenter Study of How Pediatric Chronic Critical Illness Impacts NICU Throughput
Authors: Boss Renee D. , Henderson Carrie M. , Weiss Elliott M. , Falck Alison , Madrigal Vanessa , Shapiro Miriam C. , Williams Erin P. , Donohue Pamela K. ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Chronic Critical Illness Collaborative
Published: October 2020

Objective Pediatric inpatient bed availability is increasingly constrained by the prolonged hospitalizations of children with medical complexity. The sickest of these patients are chronic critically ill and often have protracted intensive care unit (ICU) stays. Numbers and characteristics of infants with chronic critical illness are unclear, which undermines resource planning in ICU's and general pediatric wards. The goal of this study was to describe infants with chronic critical illness at six academic institutions in the United States.

Study Design Infants admitted to six academic medical centers were screened for chronic, critical illness based on a combination of prolonged and repeated hospitalizations, use of medical technology, and chronic multiorgan involvement. Data regarding patient and hospitalization characteristics were collected.

Results Just over one-third (34.8%) of pediatric inpatients across the six centers who met eligibility criteria for chronic critical illness were <12 months of age. Almost all these infants received medical technology (97.8%) and had multiorgan involvement (94.8%). Eighty-six percent (115/134) had spent time in an ICU during the current hospitalization; 31% were currently in a neonatal ICU, 34% in a pediatric ICU, and 17% in a cardiac ICU. Among infants who had been previously discharged home (n = 55), most had been discharged with medical technology (78.2%) and nearly all were still using that technology during the current readmission. Additional technologies were commonly added during the current hospitalization.

Conclusion Advanced strategies are needed to plan for hospital resource allocation for infants with chronic critical illness. These infants' prolonged hospitalizations begin in the neonatal ICU but often transition to other ICUs and general inpatient wards. They are commonly discharged with medical technology which is rarely weaned but often escalated during subsequent hospitalizations. Identification and tracking of these infants, beginning in the neonatal ICU, will help hospitals anticipate and strategize for inpatient bed management.

Key Points
Association of Delivery Room and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Intubation, and Number of Tracheal Intubation Attempts with Death or Severe Neurological Injury among Preterm Infants
Authors: Debay Anthony , Patel Sharina , Wintermark Pia , Claveau Martine , Olivier François , Beltempo Marc
Published: October 2020

Objective The study aimed to assess the association of tracheal intubation (TI) and where it is performed, and the number of TI attempts with death and/or severe neurological injury (SNI) among preterm infants.

Study Design Retrospective cohort study of infants born 23 to 32 weeks, admitted to a single level-3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between 2015 and 2018. Exposures were location of TI (delivery room [DR] vs. NICU) and number of TI attempts (1 vs. >1). Primary outcome was death and/or SNI (intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3–4 and/or periventricular leukomalacia). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess association between exposures and outcomes and to adjust for confounders.

Results Rate of death and/or SNI was 2.5% (6/240) among infants never intubated, 12% (13/105) among NICU TI, 32% (31/97) among DR TI, 20% (17/85) among infants with one TI attempt and 23% (27/117) among infants with >1 TI attempt. Overall, median number of TI attempts was 1 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1–2). Compared with no TI, DR TI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 9.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.21–28.84) and NICU TI (AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.21–10.61) were associated with higher odds of death and/or SNI. The DR TI was associated with higher odds of death and/or SNI compared with NICU TI (AOR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.17–6.22). The number of intubation attempts (1 vs. >1) was not associated with death and/or SNI (AOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.47–2.03).

Conclusion The DR TI is associated with higher odds of death and/or SNI compared with NICU TI, and may help identify higher risk infants. There was no association between the number of TI attempts and death and/or SNI.

Key Points
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Gangliosidosis from Southern Part of India
Authors: Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Gupta Priya , Bharathi Narmadham K. , Bhat Maya , Shivappa Sanjay K. , Benakappa Naveen
Published: October 2020

Gangliosidoses are progressive neurodegenerative disorders caused by the deficiency of enzymes involved in the breakdown of glycosphingolipids. There are not much data about gangliosidosis in India; hence, this study was planned. The aim is to study the clinical, biochemical, and molecular profile of gangliosidosis. A retrospective chart review, in the pediatric neurology department from January 2015 to March 2020, was performed. Children diagnosed with Gangliosidosis were included. The disorder was confirmed by reduced activity of enzymes and/or pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in associated genes. We assessed age at presentation, gender, parental consanguinity, clinical manifestations, neuroimaging findings, enzyme level, and pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. Clinical data for 32 children with gangliosidosis were analyzed, which included 12 (37.5%) with GM1 gangliosidosis, 8 (25%) with Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), 11 (34.37%) with Sandhoff disease (SD), and 1 AB variant of GM2 gangliosidosis that occurs due to GM2 ganglioside activator protein deficiency. Twenty-four (75%) children were the offspring of consanguineous parents. Thirty-one (97%) had developmental delay. The median age at presentation was 15.5 months. Nine (28.12%) had seizures. Five children (41.6%) with GM1 gangliosidosis and two with SD had extensive Mongolian spots. Ten children with GM1 gangliosidosis (83.3%) had coarse facial features. Cherry red spot was found in 24 out of 32 children (75%). All children with GM1 gangliosidosis and none with TSD had hepato-splenomegaly. Two children (2/8; 25%) with TSD and seven (7/11; 63%) with SD had microcephaly. One child with SD had coarse facies and three did not have hepato-splenomegaly. Neuroimaging findings revealed bilateral thalamic involvement in 20 (62.5%) patients and periventricular hypomyelination in all cases. One child had a rare AB variant of GM2 gangliosidosis. GM2 Gangliosidoses are more common compared with GM1 variety. All of them had infantile onset except one child with TSD. Microcephaly can be present while usually megalencephaly is reported in the literature. The absence of hepato-splenomegaly does not rule out SD. Extensive Mongolian spots can be seen in GM2 gangliosidosis. AB variant of GM2 gangliosidosis should be considered when the enzyme is normal in the presence of strong clinical suspicion.
Development of an automatic turntable-type multiple T-maze device and observation of pill bug behavior
Authors: Shokaku Takaharu , Moriyama Toru , Murakami Hisashi , Shinohara Shuji , Manome Nobuhito , Morioka Kazuyuki
Published: October 2020

In recent years, various animal observation instruments have been developed to support long-term measurement and analysis of animal behaviors. This study proposes an automatic observation instrument that specializes for turning behaviors of pill bugs and aims to obtain new knowledge in the field of ethology. Pill bugs strongly tend to turn in the opposite direction of a preceding turn. This alternation of turning is called turn alternation reaction. However, a repetition of turns in the same direction is called turn repetition reaction and has been considered a malfunction of turn alternation. In this research, the authors developed an automatic turntable-type multiple T-maze device and observed the turning behavior of 34 pill bugs for 6 h to investigate whether turn repetition is a malfunction. As a result, most of the pill bug movements were categorized into three groups: sub-diffusion, Brownian motion, and Lévy walk. This result suggests that pill bugs do not continue turn alternation mechanically but elicit turn repetition moderately, which results in various movement patterns. In organisms with relatively simple nervous systems such as pill bugs, stereotypical behaviors such as turn alternation have been considered mechanical reactions and variant behaviors such as turn repetition have been considered malfunctions. However, our results suggest that a moderate generation of turn repetition is involved in the generation of various movement patterns. This study is expected to provide a new perspective on the conventional view of the behaviors of simple organisms.
Effect of multiple load reduction control systems on the ultimate load and fatigue load of 4 MW class wind turbine
Authors: Kim Seongkeon , Kim Daeyoung , Kim Bumsuk
Published: October 2020

Wind turbines installed in external environments are subject to a combination of various environmental and operational conditions during their lifetimes, resulting in varying mechanical loads on each of their components. These loads directly impact the turbine lifetime; therefore, research aimed at reducing the load on each component of the wind turbine is required. In this study, load analysis was performed by applying various load reduction control systems. The effect of the load reduction was verified for each controller through individual simulations. Finally, the design load cases (DLC1.1–DLC8.1) required to evaluate the ultimate and fatigue loads based on the IEC 61400-1 ed.3 international standard were defined, and the loads with respect to a 4 MW wind turbine with and without various load reduction systems were calculated. When applying all load reduction controllers, the turbine blades and the tower experienced ultimate load reductions of 1%–31% and 7%–21.7%, respectively, except the tower's side-to-side bending moment. This moment was observed in the idling condition, which was not affected by the control system; hence, no changes were observed in the load. Fatigue equivalent load reductions were also observed at the blade (3%–8.9%) and tower side-to-side load (4.8%–7.8%). Notably, however, the tower fore-aft fatigue load increased by 10% in most sections. This overall load reduction suggests that turbine components can be fabricated using less material, thereby increasing the wind turbine fatigue lifetime. This result is expected to reduce the levelized cost of energy.
A piezoelectric stick–slip drive nanopositioner with large velocity under high load
Authors: Gu Sen , Pan Peng , Zhu Junhui , Wang Yong , Yang Feiyu , Ru Changhai
Published: October 2020

Piezoelectric stick–slip drive nanopositioners are of central importance in in situ SEM nanorobotic systems due to their high precise positioning, large stroke, high speed, and compact structure. However, the output velocity under high load will be seriously influenced. In this paper, a new piezoelectric stick–slip drive nanopositioner with large velocity under high load by introducing the adjust bolts to decouple the driving unit and moving unit is presented. A MATLAB simulation model has been created to optimize the nanopositioner for a certain velocity, and a FEM is used to confirm that the leaf hinge has sufficient stiffness. The size of the prototype is 30 × 32 × 25 mm3. Testing results indicate that the nanopositioner achieves a maximum velocity of 3.467 mm/s and a minimum resolution of 6 nm. When the load increases from 0.4 kg to 2 kg, the maximum velocities only decrease from 3.457 mm/s to 3.143 mm/s. The proposed piezoelectric stick–slip nanopositioner shows large velocity under high load.
Effects of nitrogen impurity on the atmospheric pressure helium plasma jets exposed to a nitrogen environment
Authors: Jiang YuanYuan , Wang Yanhui , Cong Shiyuan , Zhang Jiao , Wang Dezhen
Published: October 2020

In this study, the effects of small nitrogen impurity on the behaviors of helium APPJs propagating into nitrogen surrounding gas are investigated numerically based on a two-dimensional fluid model. The results show that the addition of N2 impurity can change the APPJ length and there exists an optimal N2–helium ratio which enables the plasma jet to reach the maximum length. This is attributed to the variation of helium mole fraction and the ionization rate in the helium flow channel resulting from N2 impurity. Like the APPJ propagating into ambient air, with the addition of nitrogen, the profile of APPJ exposed to a nitrogen environment varies from an annular shape to a nearly uniform structure, though their reaction chemistries inside the jet effluent differ remarkably. Also, under different impurity concentrations, the density distribution and evolution of active species throughout the effluent of APPJ, as well as their dominant reaction pathways, behave differently. The physics mechanisms underlying these behaviors are discussed in detail.
Gas-flow humidity control system for neutron reflectivity measurements
Authors: Arima-Osonoi Hiroshi , Miyata Noboru , Yoshida Tessei , Kasai Satoshi , Ohuchi Keiichi , Zhang Shuoyuan , Miyazaki Tsukasa , Aoki Hiroyuki
Published: October 2020

We developed a novel humidity control system for neutron reflectivity measurements based on the two-way gas-flow method that can generate up to 85% relative humidity (RH) within a temperature range of 5 °C–85 °C. The system consists of a gas-flow-type humidity generator and a thermostatic sample chamber, each of which can independently control the temperature. The key features include rapid humidity response and long stable operation time. The humidity reaches equilibrium within 2 to 5 min during the humidity change, and the system exhibited acceptable stability over a three-day, nonstop experimental measurement duration, with a precision of ±1% RH at 85 °C and 85% RH. The sample chamber is capable of measuring substrate samples with dimensions of up to 2-in. in diameter and 5-mm in thickness. We demonstrate the reflectivity data measured at a pulsed neutron facility, MLF BL17, in the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex. The combined use of this system with neutrons permits in situ, time-resolved studies of the swelling process of polyvinyl alcohol and adhesive materials.
Role of the Ta buffer layer in Ta/MnN/CoFeB stacks for maximizing exchange bias
Authors: Dunz M. , Meinert M.
Published: October 2020

Ta/MnN/CoFeB systems show high exchange bias of about 1800 Oe at room temperature; however, their thermal stability is limited by nitrogen diffusion that occurs during annealing processes [Quarterman et al., Phys. Rev. Mater. 3, 064413 (2019) and Dunz et al., AIP Adv. 8, 056304 (2018)]. In this study, we investigate the consequences of nitrogen diffusion in Ta/MnN/CoFeB exchange bias stacks in dependence on the Ta buffer layer thickness. Furthermore, we test the effects of introducing a TaNx layer between MnN and Ta as a diffusion barrier. Our findings show that the Ta buffer layer plays a decisive role in determining the exchange bias in the Ta/MnN/CoFeB system. It acts as a crystallographic seed layer for better growth of MnN and as a nitrogen sink during the annealing process. We show that both of these functions are crucial for the outcome of high exchange bias. Additionally, our results reveal that the measures decreasing nitrogen diffusion, even though being beneficial in terms of thermal stability, mostly lead to decreased crystallinity and thus weaker exchange bias.
Low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy on laterally grown InxGa1−xAs nanowire devices
Authors: Liu Yen-Po , Södergren Lasse , Mousavi S. Fatemeh , Liu Yi , Lindelöw Fredrik , Lind Erik , Timm Rainer , Mikkelsen Anders
Published: October 2020

Laterally grown InxGa1−xAs nanowires (NWs) are promising candidates for radio frequency and quantum computing applications, which, however, can require atomic scale surface and interface control. This is challenging to obtain, not least due to ambient air exposure between fabrication steps, which induces surface oxidation. The geometric and electronic surface structures of InxGa1−xAs NWs and contacts, which were grown directly in a planar configuration, exposed to air, and then subsequently cleaned using atomic hydrogen, are studied using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S). Atomically flat facets with a root mean square roughness of 0.12 nm and the InGaAs (001) 4 × 2 surface reconstruction are observed on the top facet of the NWs and the contacts. STS shows a surface bandgap variation of 30 meV from the middle to the end of the NWs, which is attributed to a compositional variation of the In/Ga element concentration. The well-defined facets and small bandgap variations found after area selective growth and atomic hydrogen cleaning are a good starting point for achieving high-quality interfaces during further processing.
Determination of niobium cavity magnetic field screening via a dispersively hybridized magnonic sensor
Authors: Flower Graeme , McAllister Benjamin , Goryachev Maxim , Tobar Michael E.
Published: October 2020

A method for determining the internal DC magnetic field inside a superconducting cavity is presented. The method relies on the relationship between the magnetic field and frequency of the Kittel mode of a ferrimagnetic sphere, hybridized in the dispersive regime of the superconducting cavity. Results were used to experimentally determine the level of screening that a superconducting Nb cavity provides as it changes from perfect diamagnetism to no screening. Two cavity geometries were tested, a cylinder and single post re-entrant cavity. Both demonstrated a consistent value of field that enters the cavity, expected to be the superheating critical field. Hysteresis in the screened field during ramp up and ramp down of the external magnetic field due to trapped vortices was also observed. Some abnormal behavior was observed in the cylindrical cavity in the form of plateaus in the internal field above the first critical field, and we discuss the potential origin of this behavior. The measurement approach would be a useful diagnosis for axion dark matter searches, which plans on using superconducting materials but needs to know precisely the internal magnetic field.
Kinetics of field-induced phase separation of a magnetic colloid under rotating magnetic fields
Authors: Raboisson-Michel M. , Queiros Campos J. , Schaub S. , Zubarev A. , Verger-Dubois G. , Kuzhir P.
Published: October 2020

This paper is focused on the experimental and theoretical study of the phase separation of a magnetic nanoparticle suspension under rotating magnetic fields in a frequency range, 5 Hz ≤ ν ≤ 25 Hz, relevant for several biomedical applications. The phase separation is manifested through the appearance of needle-like dense particle aggregates synchronously rotating with the field. Their size progressively increases with time due to the absorption of individual nanoparticles (aggregate growth) and coalescence with neighboring aggregates. The aggregate growth is enhanced by the convection of nanoparticles toward rotating aggregates. The maximal aggregate length, Lmax ∝ ν−2, is limited by fragmentation arising as a result of their collisions. Experimentally, the aggregate growth and coalescence occur at a similar timescale, ∼1 min, weakly dependent on the field frequency. The proposed theoretical model provides a semi-quantitative agreement with the experiments on the average aggregate size, aggregation timescale, and size distribution function without any adjustable parameter.
Investigation of the dielectric strength of supercritical carbon dioxide–trifluoroiodomethane fluid mixtures
Authors: Wei Jia , Cruz Alfonso , Haque Farhina , Park Chanyeop , Graber Lukas
Published: October 2020

We investigate the dielectric strength of supercritical carbon dioxide–trifluoroiodomethane (CO2–CF3I) fluid mixtures. Supercritical fluids (SCFs), as a novel dielectric medium, combine advantageous properties of gaseous and liquid dielectrics: most notably, low viscosity, high heat transfer capability, and high dielectric strength. To our knowledge, this supercritical mixture of substances has never been investigated with respect to its dielectric properties. Our results suggest that supercritical CO2–CF3I binary mixtures have the electrical breakdown behavior similar to what we had observed in pure SCFs near the critical point. Specifically, we present the first evidence that the density fluctuation in SCF binary mixtures has a direct impact on the mean free path of electrons. By adjusting the mixing ratio, we show that the region where the discontinuity of breakdown voltage occurs shifts based on the ratio of the two substances. In addition, the experiment result shows a dielectric strength of the supercritical CF3I–CO2 mixture reaching up to 350 kV/mm, which is comparable to solid insulating materials. This paper indicates the suitability of using the supercritical CF3I–CO2 mixture as a dielectric medium for high power density applications.
Coupled distributed control scheme for multi-energy systems with transmission losses based on event-triggered communication
Authors: Liu Jinglu , Wang Anna , Wang Xingyu , Tao Ran
Published: October 2020

Different from the traditional independent energy system, future multi-energy systems (MESs) will be equipped with a large number of distributed generators, flexible loads, and communication networks. Multiple energy resources will be integrated by coordinating multiple energy devices, which also makes energy management more challenging. To address these issues, a coordinated optimization model of MESs with power and heat transmission losses is developed, which can further ensure the actual supply–demand balance and avoid serious economic losses. On this basis, a coupled control mechanism is implemented in our fully distributed algorithm, which can effectively solve the coupled problem of power and heat and the distributed economic dispatch problem for MESs. We embed an event-triggered control strategy into the proposed algorithm, which can mitigate the communication burden and protect the privacy of the power and the heat system. Finally, case studies are given in this paper to validate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed control scheme in a 9-bus test MES.
The coverage dependence of the infrared absorption of CO adsorbed to NaCl(100)
Authors: Lau Jascha A. , Schönemann Anna-Maria , Schwarzer Dirk , Wodtke Alec M.
Published: October 2020

CO adsorbed to NaCl(100) exhibits perhaps the weakest possible coupling between the adsorbate and solid. It is, therefore, an ideal system to observe the influence of adsorbate–adsorbate interactions on infrared absorption. In this work, we report polarized FTIR absorption spectra of CO/NaCl(100) as a function of coverage (0.02 ≤ θ ≤ 1 ML), where the coverage has been quantitatively determined by temperature-programmed desorption and molecular beam dosing. We extend a previous semi-empirical model designed to describe the screening of the local electric field due to dipole–dipole interactions in a CO monolayer. The extended model applies to sub-monolayer coverages and describes properly the electric field of the absorbed radiation at the vacuum–substrate interface. Fitting this model to coverage-dependent IR absorption data allows us to derive the vibrational and electronic polarizabilities [χv = 0.0435(14) Å3, χe = 3.30(36) Å3] and the integrated absorption cross section of 2.51(8) × 10−17 cm/molecule for an isolated CO molecule adsorbed at the NaCl (100) surface. The determined integrated absorption cross section is substantially smaller than that of gas phase CO.
Origin invariant optical rotation in the length dipole gauge without London atomic orbitals
Authors: Caricato Marco
Published: October 2020

We present an approach to perform origin invariant optical rotation calculations in the length dipole gauge without recourse to London atomic orbitals, called origin invariant length gauge [LG(OI)]. The LG(OI) approach works with any approximate wave function or density functional method, but here we focus on the implementation with the coupled cluster (CC) with single and double excitations method because of the lack of production-level alternatives. Preliminary numerical tests show the efficacy of the LG(OI) procedure and indicate that putting the origin in the center of mass of a molecule may not be an optimal choice for conventional CC-LG calculations.