bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adolph Wagner und sein „Gesetz“: Einige späte Anmerkungen
Authors: Dluhosch Barbara , Zimmermann Klaus W.
Published: January 2014

Starting from the secular fact of an increasing government′s share, a retrospective on Adolph Wagner’s writings seems worthwhile. A leading German economist of the Bismarck era, he first formulated the famous law of increasing state activity for industrializing nations. After analyzing his way of making his case, a couple of flaws inherent to the theoretical interpretations and empirical verifications of his law are discussed. Basically, these flaws are attributable to the neglect of three important factors in Wagner’s rationale, namely that his law was destined for industrializing rather than industrialized nations and the growing importance of public enterprises and of the prevention principle instead of repressive actions of the state in case of violation of rules. On the other hand, very modern interpretations of Wagner suggesting that he had the growing excess burden of taxation in mind when discussing the limits of government’s share do not seem justified.
Tableau économique in the France of Louis XV: The Invention of Economics as a Science
Authors: Cartelier Jean
Published: January 2014

The way societies conceive of themselves is an essential part of their nature. The belief that societies are mainly ruled by economic laws is part of the myth of our modern societies. That myth is disguised under the name of science. In this view, the proclamation of economics as a science is an important and even crucial event for our modern society. This took place in France, namely with the elaboration of the Tableau économique. The following questions are addressed in this article: What are the intellectual and political circumstances which made the invention of the Tableau possible? Do they account at least partially for its content? How far does the Tableau support the basic propositions of Quesnay and the economic policy he advocates? Some tentative answers are suggested: Social science and politics are closely intertwined as a comparison between the Tableau and the Traité de la monarchie reveals; Its analytical expression is Quesnay’s theory of production and circulation which dramatically changes the way political problems are settled; However Quesnay’s political aspirations are betrayed by his Tableau as an internal critique of it shows.
Nomologische Modelle und Theorien als wirtschaftshistorische Emplotments
Authors: Preisinger Alexander
Published: January 2014

his essay intends to combine Hayden White’s concept of ‘emplotments’ with the function of deductive-nomological statements for the study of economic history. Economic theories and models serve as the framework according to which the selection and ordering of dates, facts and events become both possible and meaningful. The present document will further support this generally accepted proposition by explaining the effect of Hayek’s cognitive theory on those deductive-nomological model-statements, which he designated as ‘patterns’ and which functionally resemble emplotments. A number of examples analysing the critical years of the Weimar Republic will serve to illustrate the means of which historians avail themselves both implicitly and explicitly of these pre-figuring forms in order to classify and narrate the historical situation.
No steel, no TV, and no burgers: How industrial action in a single company threatened to bring British economy to a standstill
Authors: Banken Ralf , Stokes Ray
Published: January 2014

Because of its centrality to all other industries, combined with its high levels of capital-intensity in its production and distribution networks which hinder market entry for competitors, the industrial gases industry which produces gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, and acetylene is of central importance to the industrial economy. The same characteristics make it simultaneously highly vulnerable to disruption. This article considers the causes, course, and consequences of industrial action at British Oxygen Company (BOC) in 1977, followed by threats of industrial action in the following two years. The company′s actions are considered in the context of the political and economic climate of the period.
Zum Aufstieg und Niedergang des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses in Deutschland 1800-2010 - ein Forschungsprojekt
Authors: Pierenkemper Toni , Zimmermann Klaus F.
Published: January 2014

This paper attempts to trace the construction of the standard employment contract in Germany from the beginning of the 19th century onwards. In 20th century Germany, it was reinforced alongside with the consolidation of the welfare state and developed into the modern concept of the standard employment contract. Due to globalization forces and dynamics of capitalist market economies, the standard employment contract has turned into an obstacle in the way of modern economy’s progress. The future might be determined by increasing work flexibility, rising working hours, falling income and increasing unemployment rates, rendering the standard employment contract anachronistic and obsolete.
Strukturelle Arbeitslosigkeit: Eine Diagnose aus historischer Perspektive
Authors: Abelshauser Werner
Published: January 2014

Mass unemployment in Germany has built up since the seventies. There is, therefore, an urgent need to explore its historical background for an adequate diagnosis. This article starts from the hypothesis, that it is the inconsistency between the qualification profiles of the German production mode and the state of the labour market, which offers the main reason for structural unemployment in Germany since its beginning in the little world economic crises of the seventies. It has been the break down of fordism in German industry so the starting point of the analysis that opened up the gap between a large low qualification sector of a fordist labour market and a dramatically shrinking offer of this kind of jobs. After the global decline of fordist production German government stopped the recruitment of ‘guest workers’ in 1972. Notwithstanding this step, the share of unqualified labour continued to rise. It was not before the 1990s that the level of qualification was rising again. However, this process which is still going on is by far not fast enough to meet the classical pattern of post industrial quality production, which dominated German economic development before and after the fordist interlude.
The Distribution of Personal Income in Prussia, 1852 to 1875: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Tilly Richard
Published: January 2014

This article describes the distribution of personal income in Prussia, Germany’s former largest state, in the period from 1851 to 1875 the classic phase of the German Take-off. Like its many forerunners, it is based on Prussian income tax data. Since these are available at the level of an intermediate administrative district, the Regierungsbezirke, the project of which this article is one part has both a temporal and spatial dimension. Here, however, the focus is aggregative and on change over time; the spatial dimension will be the subject of a subsequent paper. In contrast to most work on the German income distribution, which has focused on incomes at the top, this study reproduces the entire distribution from the bottom up. After a brief introduction, the paper discusses the historiography and historical background of the topic, turning then to presentation and evaluation of the statistical results. A brief summary concludes, followed by an appendix which explains estimating procedures.
Finanzierung von Wiederaufbau und Expansion - Cashflows westdeutscher Automobilhersteller zwischen 1948-1960
Authors: Kresse Patrick
Published: January 2014

Prior research showed that in 1957, the German motor car industry provided 92 percent of its finance by internal ressources. This suggests a generally sound financial basis of German carmakers. However, the picture is misleading. The comparison of net cash flows of Volkswagen with that of BMW proves that corporate finance patterns among individual companies differed starkly. The reason for this was not only a different business policy but also the pre-1948 premises under which each company recommenced its production of cars. At Volkswagen, an assertive general director implemented a succesful economies of scale policy at a large industrial base that due to the historical circumstances was nearly free of cost of capital. On the other hand, BMW due to its substantial war and post-war damages as well as the market failure of its business policy had to rely on increasingly expensive debt. Against this background, Volkswagen was in a much better situation than BMW to benefit from the federal government’s stimulus to self-finance that was based on an expansive depreciation policy. As a result, Volkswagen financed nearly all of its capital expenditure with its operating cash flow, while BMW dragged to the edge of insolvency.
Italian Big Business and The Italian Automotive Industry. Fiat Internationalization in the Vittorio Valletta Era and its ongoing Reorganization (1946-1972)
Authors: Casalino Chiara
Published: January 2014

An international dimension has characterized the automotive industry since its origins, both as far as supply is concerned, where the car product results from the convergence of a series of multiple design innovations and continuous improvements in manufacturing processes, and as far as demand is concerned, given the narrowness of the home markets and the homogeneity of the buyers’ social peculiarities. One observation is particularly appropriate in the case of Italy: in the early twentieth century, Fiat was already making some two thirds of its turnover from sales on foreign markets and, absorbing more than 60 percent of vehicles produced in the twenties and again 3540 per cent at the end of the next decade, this proved to be the preferred outlet for its production.

The research that this paper summarises is inspired by this statement and takes as the analysis target the adoption of the internationalization theme as a key to understanding and guiding the reconstruction of the history of the automotive industry, and the Fiat enterprise, who was the first in Italy to embrace a development model no longer based solely on import substitution, but on the willingness and ability to compete with companies in industrially advanced countries.

Contextually, the monitoring of the temporal evolution of this process, emphasizing the years between the interwar period and the years of the economic boom, helped to expand the different meanings of the same concept of internationalization. The study of the first stage of Fiat’s international growth (§ 1) and of its foreign presence both in terms of the product and of foreign investments during Vittorio Valletta’s management (§ 2), is combined with the review of the reorganization and relaunching plans created in the immediate subsequent years (§ 3) in order to produce some final thoughts on the various stages of the major Italian car company′s internationalization process (§ 4).
The German occupation and its consequences for the composition and changes of Norwegian business elites
Authors: Espeli Harald
Published: January 2014

The German occupation had dramatic consequences on the pre-war political and military elites in Norway, due to the ways in which they behaved during German rule. These elites were almost completely replaced by a younger generation of men. The occupation had no comparable effect on prewar business elites. In light of the pre-war economic elites’ extensive economic collaboration with the Germans starting immediately after the occupation, a different outcome might have been expected. One of the reasons for the lack of purges of the pre-war business elites was that very few of them were members of the Norwegian Nazi Party. Another important explanation is that a number of the leading men advocating and practising economic collaboration in the first phases of the occupation later became leading figures in the resistance movement. A third factor was that a purge of business leaders for economic collaboration could have undermined the economic recovery and growth of the nation state after the liberation.
The Effect of Wages and “Demographic Pressure” on Migration from the Habsburg Monarchy to the United States of America in 1910
Authors: Stockhammer Engelbert , Steidl Annemarie , Zeitlhofer Hermann
Published: January 2014

The paper investigates the determinants of migration from rural districts in the Austrian part of the Habsburg Monarchy to the USA in 1910 by combining information from passenger records of ships to the USA and economic and demographic data on district level from the Austrian census and information on wages from an Austrian survey in 1893. The analysis focuses on the effects of the level of wages and demographic pressure. We find support for a non-linear effect of wages on emigration and fail to find evidence for a negative effect of demographic pressure along Malthusian lines on wages.
Von der „Säuberung“ zum Generalpardon: Die Entnazifizierung der westdeutschen Wirtschaft
Authors: Ahrens Ralf
Published: January 2014

Immediately following World War II, the allied occupational powers started a process of denazifying West German business in more or less the same way as the political and administrative apparatus. Initial approaches to solve the task by a radical purge of highly incriminated company managers soon gave way to more extensive investigations of party members and Nazi sympathizers also on lower ranks. Denazification escalated into bureaucratic mass procedures and finally ended up in various forms of amnesty and pardon in the late 1940s and early 1950s. A key feature in this process was the successively growing participation of German actors like various commissions, chambers of commerce and the companies themselves. On the one hand, comprehensive investigation and punishment under a re-installed rule of law had to rely upon cooperation of German actors and their expertise on the reality of the Nazi past; on the other hand, the integration of business itself into denazification procedures allowed company managers to benefit from informational advantages. Focussing the interaction between denazification authorities and business in the three West German zones of occupation, the article argues that under the general conditions of economic reconstruction and democratization the degeneration from purge to pardon was hardly avoidable, but that nevertheless the effects of temporary punishments should not be underestimated.
Vergleichende Aspekte der Großen Krisen nach 1929 und 2007
Authors: Holtfrerich Carl-Ludwig
Published: January 2014

The two Great Crises occurred in times of very different international political relations. While they were conditioned by some different economic circumstances, they also display many common characteristics. From comparing such similarities one might deduce the causes of Great Crises and develop policy concepts for protecting economies against such breakdowns. This article limits the comparison mainly to developments in the United States, where both Great Crises originated. It sets the scene with some general remarks on the recent financial crisis, its timing, and some of its economic consequences in comparison to those of the 1930s′ crisis. It then takes stock of the classical-liberal laissez-faire setting that the Republicans in power during the New Era of the 1920s created for business to thrive in. This setting is remarkably similar to the blueprint of neo-liberal policies that were set in motion in the second half of the 1970s and have led up to the recent Great Crisis.
Resolving business and national interests in time of war. Fritz von Friedländer-Fuld and his German resources in Norway during the First World War
Authors: Stensland Rolf Harald
Published: January 2014

This article documents the connection between Germany’s raw sulphur requirements and the way in which Norwegian pyrite deposits at Björkaasen in Northern Norway were managed by its owner in Berlin, von Friedländer-Fuld. During the early phase of the war Björkaasen was unprepared for production, but by greatly increasing its labour force it was possible to gear the mines up for exports during the course of the war. The British blockade prevented exports to Germany. Using the railway from Narvik it was possible to export pyrites to Sweden to cover the requirements of the Swedish sulphite cellulose industry. Swedish interests wanted to acquire Björkaasen, but without German partownership, while German majority ownership and corresponding German control of production were Friedländer-Fuld’s basic goals. After Friedländer-Fuld’s death in the summer of 1917 Björkaasen was sold in line with Swedish wishes. The Swedish buyers wanted to re-sell Björkaasen but were unable to do so in a wartime economy that was on the wane.
Die Identifikation internationaler Konjunkturzyklen in disaggregierten Daten: Deutschland, Frankreich und Großbritannien, 1862-1913
Authors: Uebele Martin
Published: January 2014

This article analyzes international business cycles in Europe 1862-1913 using disaggregated data and Dynamic Factor Analysis. It is important to know if crises are of national or international nature in order to correctly understand their causes and develop adequate solutions to prevent future crises. In comparison with estimates of real national product there is more evidence for international business cycles in disaggregated data of Germany, France and Great Britain before World War I. This is because data used to construct historical national accounts are often not sufficient, and especially because little is known about general price fluctuations. Thus, national products in current prices show higher degrees of international correlation than deflated ones although price indices themselves are not very well correlated across countries.
Die Finanzkrise, die Ökonomen, der „Crashprophet“ und die Wissenschaft von der Ökonomie
Authors: Otte Max
Published: January 2014

The global financial crisis of 2007-2008 was a clear and logical result of the financial and economic conditions which preceded it, yet highly respected economists the world over failed to foresee the crash, and many continued to discount the possibility of a recession even after the crisis was well underway. Inaccurate economic forecasting is by no means a new phenomenon, and this paper examines some of the institutional and psychological grounds for economists’ faulty track record. The paper also discusses issues associated with modern economic modelling techniques and offers a brief assessment of where the world economy stands today as well as where it might be heading.
Einleitung
Authors: Spree Reinhard
Published: January 2014

This introduction to the special issue on “Cycles and Crises” offers in part a critical look at developments in economic theory that have diverted interest from the business cycle, now considered to be obsolete. To the contrary, we argue here that all economic crises including the most recent are based on cyclical downtrends that are reinforced, prolonged and transformed by externalities.

Moreover, these pages present the thesis that cyclical downtrends turn into profound and long-lasting economic crises when they occur during phases of accelerated structural change in economy and society. Thus they happen simultaneously with political conflicts among the larger groups of winners and losers in the processes of change.

These contributions question what, if anything, might be learned from the history of cycles and crises. Probably very little, because the desire for excessive profit prompts investors to ignore larger lessons. Instead, people brush aside whatever rules and guidelines are suggested by the study of history. Finally, individual contributions on the topic are briefly introduced.
Städtischer Immobilienmarkt und Finanzkrisen im späten 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Nützenadel Alexander
Published: January 2014

The article explores the relationship between the dynamics of urban real estate markets and financial crises in the second half of the 19th century. This period was not only characterized by brisk urbanization, but also by the emergence of novel instruments to finance the developments of the large metropolises. We argue that basic elements of modern real estate crises can be found already during the 19th century: the inherent trend towards price bubbles, easy credit conditions which allowed the emergence of a subprime market, the close relation between real estate investments and the banking system, and an increasing importance of international finance. There are thus good reasons to compare the crises of 2008 with the financial crises of the late 19th century instead of taking the Great Depression of the 1930s as a yardstick.
λέξις in Dionysius of Halicarnassus' writings on rhetoric
Authors: Hernández José Antonio Artés
Published: January 2014

We intend to carry out a comprehensive study of the use of the term λέξις in the rhetorical writings of Dionysius of Halicarnassus. We will investigate its different meanings and interconnections with λόγος As we will see, λέξις is still Dionysiuś preferred term when denoting expression or style, and, thus, he indicates an intermediate stage of evolution between that of Philodemus of Gadara and that of Ps. Longinus or Hermogenes: the latter in these cases have resorted to using λόγος, a non-marked term of opposition, something which would still have been unthinkable for Dionysius.
Migliori dei padri: modelli di giovani retori in Elio Aristide
Authors: Berardi Elisabetta
Published: January 2014

Three discourses of Aelius Aristides (or. 30–32 K.) set a model of the “young rhetor” built up with opposite instances of dynamism and stasis: on the one hand, the orator confirms his noble origins and education in appearing identical to his biological and cultural fathers; on the other one, as he undergoes a personal evolution, he tries to be better than them. Aristides, he himself a singular figure of master without ‘fathers’, cannot be surpassed, due to the favour which Asclepius has granted to him; however, the “young rhetores” of his time might have a chance to surpass the ‘fathers’ (i.e. rhetores) of classical Athens, provided that they receive the divine gift of rhetorics, which is superior to human arts.
Histamine inhibits adrenocortical cell proliferation but does not affect steroidogenesis
Authors: Pagotto Romina Maria , Pereyra Elba Nora , Monzón Casandra , Mondillo Carolina , Pignataro Omar Pedro
Published: January 2014

Histamine (HA) is a neurotransmitter synthesized in most mammalian tissues exclusively by histidine decarboxylase enzyme. Among the plethora of actions mediated by HA, the modulatory effects on steroidogenesis and proliferation in Leydig cells (LCs) have been described recently. To determine whether the effects on LCs reported could be extrapolated to all steroidogenic systems, in this study, we assessed the effect of this amine on adrenal proliferation and steroidogenesis, using two adrenocortical cell lines as experimental models, murine Y1 cells and human NCI-H295R cells. Even when steroidogenesis was not modified by HA in adrenocortical cells, the biogenic amine inhibited the proliferation of H295R cells. This action was mediated by the activation of HRH1 subtype and an increase in the production of inositol phosphates as second messengers, causing cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. These results indicate a new role for HA in the proliferation of human adrenocortical cells that could contribute to a better understanding of tumor pathology as well as to the development of new therapeutic agents.
Diabetic neuropathic pain: a role for testosterone metabolites
Authors: Calabrese Donato , Giatti Silvia , Romano Simone , Porretta-Serapiglia Carla , Bianchi Roberto , Milanese Marco , Bonanno Giambattista , Caruso Donatella , Viviani Barbara , Gardoni Fabrizio , Garcia-Segura Luis Miguel , Melcangi Roberto Cosimo
Published: January 2014

Diabetic neuropathy is associated with neuropathic pain in about 50% of diabetic subjects. Clinical management of neuropathic pain is complex and so far unsatisfactory. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the testosterone metabolites, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 3α-diol, on nociceptive and allodynia thresholds and on molecular and functional parameters related to pain modulation in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord and in the dorsal root ganglia of rats rendered diabetic by streptozotocin injection. Furthermore, the levels of DHT and 3α-diol were analyzed in the spinal cord. Diabetes resulted in a significant decrease in DHT levels in the spinal cord that was reverted by DHT or 3α-diol treatments. In addition, 3α-diol treatment resulted in a significant increase in 3α-diol in the spinal cord compared with control values. Both steroids showed analgesic properties on diabetic neuropathic pain, affecting different pain parameters and possibly by different mechanisms of action. Indeed, DHT counteracted the effect of diabetes on the mechanical nociceptive threshold, pre- and post-synaptic components, glutamate release, astrocyte immunoreactivity, and expression of interleukin-1β (IL1β), while 3α-diol was effective on tactile allodynia threshold, glutamate release, astrocyte immunoreactivity and the expression of substance P, toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor β-1, IL1β, and translocator protein. These results indicate that testosterone metabolites are potential agents for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain.
Global Genomic Diversity of Oryza sativa Varieties Revealed by Comparative Physical Mapping
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Kudrna David A , Pan Yonglong , Wang Hao , Liu Lin , Lin Haiyan , Zhang Jianwei , Song Xiang , Goicoechea Jose Luis , Wing Rod A , Zhang Qifa , Luo Meizhong
Published: January 2014

Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) physical maps embedding a large number of BAC end sequences (BESs) were generated for Oryza sativa ssp. indica varieties Minghui 63 (MH63) and Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) and were compared with the genome sequences of O. sativa spp. japonica cv. Nipponbare and O. sativa ssp. indica cv. 93-11. The comparisons exhibited substantial diversities in terms of large structural variations and small substitutions and indels. Genome-wide BAC-sized and contig-sized structural variations were detected, and the shared variations were analyzed. In the expansion regions of the Nipponbare reference sequence, in comparison to the MH63 and ZS97 physical maps, as well as to the previously constructed 93-11 physical map, the amounts and types of the repeat contents, and the outputs of gene ontology analysis, were significantly different from those of the whole genome. Using the physical maps of four wild Oryza species from OMAP (http://www.omap.org) as a control, we detected many conserved and divergent regions related to the evolution process of O. sativa. Between the BESs of MH63 and ZS97 and the two reference sequences, a total of 1532 polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 71,383 SNPs, 1767 multiple nucleotide polymorphisms, 6340 insertions, and 9137 deletions were identified. This study provides independent whole-genome resources for intra- and intersubspecies comparisons and functional genomics studies in O. sativa. Both the comparative physical maps and the GBrowse, which integrated the QTL and molecular markers from GRAMENE (http://www.gramene.org) with our physical maps and analysis results, are open to the public through our Web site (http://gresource.hzau.edu.cn/resource/resource.html).
Physician Burnout and Its Associated Factors: A Cross‐sectional Study in Shanghai
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Xie Zhenyu , Dai Junming , Zhang Liqian , Huang Yunbiao , Chen Bo
Published: January 2014

Physician Burnout and Its Associated Factors: A Cross‐sectional Study in Shanghai: Zhihui WANG, et al. School of Public Health, Fudan University China—

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the rate of burnout and the contributing factors behind it among physicians in Shanghai.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, a total of 457 physicians from 21 hospitals in Shanghai completed self‐reported questionnaires in June 2008. The Chinese version of the job content questionnaire (C‐JCQ) and the Chinese version of the effort‐reward imbalance questionnaire (C‐ERI) were used to measure occupational stress. The Chinese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory (C‐MBI) was used to measure burnout rate. We then performed regression analysis of physician burnout.

Results

The MBI model revealed that 277 physicians (60.6%) were experiencing a mild degree of burnout and that 27 physicians (5.9%) were experiencing a severe degree of burnout. In the assessment of occupational stress, most physicians (64.8%) had a demand/control ratio higher than 1, and 21.9% of all physicians had an effort/reward ratio higher than 1, indicating a high level of occupational stress exposure. Regression analyses showed higher levels of burnout among physicians of younger age, less work experience, longer working hours, on shift duty, or from highergrade hospitals. Both the JCQ and ERI models showed good predictive power for physician burnout, with the ERI model performing better.

Conclusions

Physicians in Shanghai were experiencing a high degree of burnout, which was significantly associated with occupational stress as well as distinctive personal and work characteristics. Interventions aiming at reducing job‐related stress can be effective approaches to prevent burnout among physicians.
Effect Modification by Coping Strategies on the Association of Organizational Justice with Psychological Distress in Japanese Workers
Authors: Nakagawa Yuko , Inoue Akiomi , Kawakami Norito , Tsuno Kanami , Tomioka Kimiko , Nakanishi Mayuko , Mafune Kosuke , Hiro Hisanori
Published: January 2014

Effect Modification by Coping Strategies on the Association of Organizational Justice with Psychological Distress in Japanese Workers: Yuko NAKAGAWA, et al. Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan—

Objectives

Several previous studies showed that the lack of organizational justice was associated with poor mental health. However, no study examined the effect modification by internal factor, such as coping strategies, on the association of organizational justice with mental health. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect modification by coping strategies on the association of organizational justice with psychological distress.

Methods

A total of 471 men and 764 women from a manufacturing company in Japan completed self‐administered questionnaires, including the Organizational Justice Questionnaire, K6 scale (i.e., psychological distress scale), Brief Scales for Coping Profile, and demographic characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted for each coping strategy.

Results

After adjusting for demographic characteristics, the association of the lack of procedural justice with psychological distress was greater among the low changing a point of view group than among their counterparts. Furthermore, the interaction term of procedural justice with changing a point of view was significant. The association of the lack of procedural justice and interactional justice with psychological distress was also greater among the high emotional expression involving others group than among their counterparts, while the interaction terms of procedural justice and interactional justice with emotional expression involving others were marginally significant.

Conclusions

Positive emotion‐focused coping strategies, such as changing a point of view, may effectively prevent psychological distress when there is a lack of organizational justice, while problem‐focused coping strategies may have no effects, and negative emotion‐focused coping strategies, such as emotional expression involving others, may have harmful effects on the association.
Fabrication and Characterization of Macroporous Chitosan/PVA Composite Sponges for Wound Dressing
Authors: Chen Changfeng , Liu Li , Wang Qiong , Huang Tao , Fang Yue`e
Published: January 2014

The present investigation involves the synthesis of chitosan based composite sponges in view of their applications in wound dressing, antibacterial and haemostatic. A facile CO2 bubbles template freeze-drying method was developed for the fabrication of macroporous chitosan- poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite sponges with a typical porosity of 50% and pore size of 100-300 µm. The composite sponges show a high water absorption rate up to 60 times of its weight and a water vapor transmission rate of 30 ∼ 70g/m2 • h. Effects of the content of cross-linking agent and PVA on mechanical properties and moisture permeability were examined. Improved strength and flexibility of the chitosan sponges were observed with the presence of PVA. Further, the antibacterial and haemostatic activities have been demonstrated. The Chitosan/PVA sponges of high liquid absorption, appropriate moisture permeability, excellent antimicrobial and haemostatic activities have a great potential for wound dressing applications.
Density Functional Study of Benzoic Acid Derivatives Modified SnO2 (110) Surface
Authors: Khishigjargal Tegshjargal , Ueda Kazuyoshi
Published: January 2014

Tin oxide is one of the popular metal oxide semiconductor used in solar cells, sensors, and catalysts. The surface modification by organic self assembled monolayer is one of the promising techniques to tune and to control the surface work function. In our study, we investigated the work function change of the SnO2 (110) surface which was modified with various benzoic acids derivatives using density functional theory (DFT). All calculations were carried out on Quantum Espresso program. Electron correlation and exchange parts were treated by local density (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA) with Hubbard U term. To improve band structure calculation we used LDA+U method. The results of the calculation with LDA method indicated that the work functions of the pure and modified surface of SnO2 (110) with -C6H4-COOH molecule were calculated to be 7.40 eV and 6.18 eV, respectively. As the experimental value of work function of SnO2 (110) surface is about 7.74 eV, the results of the DFT calculation for pure SnO2 (110) surface modification by benzoic acid derivatives are in good agreement with the experimental.
Estratégias de educação em saúde direcionadas a cuidadores durante a internação
Authors: Carvalho Danielli Piatti , Rodrigues Rosa Maria , Braz Elizabeth
Published: January 2014

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a repercussão de estratégias de educação em saúde direcionadas aos cuidadores durante a internação. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com cuidadores principais de sujeitos incluídos em projeto de educação para cuidados domiciliares, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com o conteúdo temático, organizados em categorias. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio das orientações verbais com demonstração prática dos cuidados e entrega de cartilhas educativas. Identificou-se baixa renda e escolaridade entre os cuidadores, dependência severa dos sujeitos cuidados e dificuldades das equipes de atenção domiciliar para suprimento de recursos materiais. CONCLUSÃO: As estratégias de educação em saúde direcionadas aos cuidadores durante a internação auxiliaram a execução das técnicas de cuidado no domicílio. Ainda assim o cuidado domiciliar apresentou domínios comprometidos pelas condições socioeconômicas.
Perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos em terapia renal substitutiva e custo do tratamento
Authors: Borges Palmiane de Rezende Ramim , Bedendo João , Fernandes Carlos Alexandre Molena
Published: January 2014

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos de pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva e o custo do tratamento. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e retrospectivo realizado com os dados da Base Nacional de Terapia Renal Substitutiva. Foram incluídos 2029 óbitos por insuficiência renal. Os dados foram analisados por inferência estatística e estatística não paramétrica. RESULTADOS: Houve maior número de óbitos entre os pacientes do sexo masculino e da raça branca. O custo do tratamento aumentou 6,7% nos gastos do estado e 45,3% no município. CONCLUSÃO: O maior número de óbitos ocorreu no sexo masculino, raça branca, variações bruscas nas taxas de mortalidade hospitalar e aumentou o custo do tratamento nos últimos três anos.
Ensino médio profissionalizante: caracterização da produção científica na área da pós-graduação
Authors: Silva Ana Cláudia de Azevêdo Bião e , Silva Gilberto Tadeu Reis da , Silva Rosana Maria de Oliveira , Vieira Silvana Lima , Santana Monique Santos
Published: January 2014

OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetivou identificar e caracterizar a produção científica gerada pelos programas de pós-graduação stricto senso no Brasil, no período de 1994 a 2011. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, de caráter exploratório e natureza quantiqualitativa, analisou os processos quantitativos da produção, da disseminação e uso da informação, identificando comportamentos da literatura e sua evolução e época determinados e da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin, como técnica de análise sistemática e objetiva de descrição dos conteúdos das mensagens para caracterizar a produção científica. RESULTADOS: Identificaram-se 74 estudos, sendo 85,14% (63) dissertações acadêmicas, 8,1% (6) dissertações profissionalizantes e 6,76% (5) teses. A produção mais significativa ocorreu nos anos de 2005 e 2009, com 10,80% (8) e 12,15% (9). Evidenciou-se predomínio de produções nas Regiões Sul e Sudeste e ausência na Região Norte. Os estudos resultaram em 78,38% (58) processos ensino-aprendizagem, 12,16% (9) diretrizes curriculares e 9,46% (7) aspectos administrativo-gerenciais das escolas. CONCLUSÃO: A produção científica no período foi identificada e a maioria das teses foi caracterizada como processos de ensino-aprendizagem.
Portfólio de Matemática: um instrumento de análise do processo de aprendizagem
Authors: Bona Aline Silva De , Basso Marcus Vinicius de Azevedo
Published: January 2014

O objetivo dessa pesquisa-ação é apresentar um modelo, com categorias e indicadores, de Portfólio de Matemática como um instrumento de avaliação e estratégia de aprendizado, valorizando o histórico do estudante, possibilitando um espaço de comunicação, autonomia e responsabilidade pelo próprio aprendizado. No processo de construção dos portfólios de matemática faz-se uso do contexto das tecnologias digitais, como recurso que, além de favorecer a implantação de novas práticas de ensino, atrai os estudantes para o universo escolar. O produto final desta pesquisa é um aplicativo no formato flash, que possibilita a compreensão do instrumento de avaliação, de forma dinâmica e interativa. O modelo oferece elementos para uma avaliação formativa e somativa, bem como informações que permitem a reflexão do estudante e do professor sobre o processo de aprendizagem. Constata-se que os estudantes, por meio desse instrumento, podem apresentar evidências do conhecimento construído, das estratégias utilizadas para aprender e da disposição para continuar aprendendo.
WebQuests, oficinas e guia de orientação: uma proposta integrada para a formação continuada de professores de matemática
Authors: Azevedo Marcos Cruz de , Puggian Cleonice , Friedmann Clícia Valladares Peixoto
Published: January 2014

Este texto apresenta uma proposta integrada para a formação continuada de professores de matemática, que associou a criação de um site para a construção de WebQuests, oficinas interativas e um Guia de apoio para o uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação em aulas de matemática. Descreve como a articulação de produtos, na forma de uma proposta integrada, procurou responder à dinâmica e à complexidade da pesquisa-ensino, apoiando o desenvolvimento da investigação sobre as tecnologias no ensino da matemática. O referencial teórico baseia-se nos estudos sobre formação continuada de professores, interatividade e educação, os quais exploram a emergência de um modelo comunicacional que supera o paradigma da transmissão e repetição da pedagogia bancária. Resultados indicam que a formação continuada de professores beneficia-se de abordagens plurais e interativas, as quais promovam, no âmbito de pequenas comunidades de prática, aprendizagem concomitante sobre a matemática e sua didática.
Roteiros de aprendizagem a partir da transposição didática reflexiva
Authors: Civiero Paula Andrea Grawieski , Sant'Ana Marilaine de Fraga
Published: January 2014

Este artigo busca socializar o produto da dissertação de mestrado profissional em Ensino de Matemática. Apresentamos roteiros de aprendizagem como uma possibilidade educacional para que professores de matemática do Ensino Médio possam aplicá-los de modo a desenvolver a matemática a partir de dados reais. Os roteiros foram adaptados de trabalhos oriundos do Projeto de Iniciação Científica do IFC - Campus Rio do Sul. A pesquisa foi embasada na teoria da Transposição Didática e na Educação Matemática Crítica. Essa abordagem foi denominada de Transposição Didática Reflexiva, com o intuito de unir as duas teorias num processo em que o saber a ser ensinado seja adaptado de forma a provocar reflexões, instituindo um cenário para investigação que propicie a participação do aluno no processo, provoque discussões e tomada de decisão, de modo a instigar o sujeito a ser transformador de sua própria realidade. De modo particular, o artigo apresenta, em linhas gerais, um dos roteiros detalhados na dissertação, aplicado em uma turma do IFC - Campus Rio do Sul.
Estabilidade e vibração não linear de pórticos em aço usados em galpões industriais: análise paramétrica
Authors: Galvão Alexandre da Silva , Silva Andréa Regina Dias da , Silveira Ricardo Azoubel da Mota , Gonçalves Paulo Batista
Published: January 2014

Esse trabalho apresenta um estudo referente à análise da estabilidade e vibração não linear de pórticos de aço planos do tipo galpão. Especial atenção é voltada à influência do pré-carregamento estático nas frequências naturais e nos modos de vibração dessas estruturas. Nesse sentido, foi utilizada uma formulação não linear de elementos finitos de viga-coluna que permite considerar as ligações entre os membros estruturais como semirrígidas. Para resolver o problema de equilíbrio estático não linear, um processo incremental e iterativo do tipo Newton acoplado ao método do comprimento de arco é adotado. Uma vez obtida convergência em cada passo de carga, emprega-se o método de Jacobi, para se determinarem as frequências naturais e os modos de vibração da estrutura pré-carregada. Todo o processo de solução não linear adotado é detalhado em um algoritmo. A influência de um parâmetro geométrico (altura da tesoura) e outro físico (rigidez dos apoios) no comportamento do pórtico tipo galpão é destacada nas análises. Objetiva-se, assim, obter uma melhor compreensão de alguns fenômenos de instabilidade e sensibilidade estrutural e mostrar a importância desses parâmetros e do pré-carregamento estático na flambagem e na vibração dessa estrutura de grande aplicação prática.
Experimental and numerical analysis of foundation pilings partially embedded in rock
Authors: Garcia Jean Rodrigo , Albuquerque Paulo José Rocha de , Melo Rodrigo Álvares de Araújo
Published: January 2014

The behaviours of four foundation pilings (ϕ=0.41 m) constructed in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná (PR), Brazil and subjected to slow loading tests were analysed. The results were compared with results from three-dimensional numerical modelling using the finite element method, which facilitates simulation of the elasto-plastic behaviour of soil. The local subsoil comprises varied stratigraphies; it is composed of a residual soil surface layer followed by weathered rock and bedrock, which are a few meters deep. The massif geotechnical parameters were determined through correlations obtained from field tests, whereby the values for cohesion, angle of friction, modulus of deformability and uniaxial compressive strength in the different subsoil layers were estimated. The load tests were interrupted at 3000 kN and displaced by less than 5 mm in the working load (1500 kN). The pilings were subjected to lateral friction work with an average stress of approximately 70 kPa for the surface portion (residual soil) and greater than 150 kPa for the weathered rock portions. The estimated geotechnical parameters provided values that were an exact match with the numerical analyses. Thus, given the analyses and load transfer method, the piling lengths can be reduced, which will facilitate the optimisation of the geotechnical design.
Studies of new occurrences of bentonite clays in the State of Paraíba for use in water based drilling fluids
Authors: Silva Isabelle A. , Costa Julliana Marques R. , Menezes Romualdo R. , Ferreira Heber S. , Neves Gelmires de A. , Ferreira Heber C.
Published: January 2014

New bentonite clay deposits have recently been discovered in the state of Paraíba, mainly in the municipalities of Cubati and Pedra Lavrada, creating great expectations in view of the possibility of expanding industrial production using these new reserves. The aim of this study was to study the new occurrences of bentonite clay in Paraíba, particularly in the municipality of Pedra Lavrada, for use in water based drilling fluids. The mineralogical properties of the clays were characterized by particle size analysis using laser diffraction, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and its chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, cation exchange capacity and specific surface area. The bentonite clays were treated with sodium carbonate at concentrations of 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175mEq/100g of dry clay, to transform them from polycationic to sodium form. For the technological characterization, drilling fluids were prepared according to the standards of Petrobras. The results indicated that the mineralogical composition of the samples consisted of montmorillonite, kaolinite and quartz. As for their rheological properties, the samples were found to partially meet the rheological requirements of the Petrobras standard.
A new stemming application for blasting: a case study
Authors: Cevizci Halim
Published: January 2014

Drill cuttings are generally used in open pits and quarries as the most common stemming material, since these are most readily available at blast sites. The plaster stemming method has been found to be better than the drill cuttings stemming method, due to increased confinement inside the hole and better utilization of blast explosive energy in the rock. The main advantage of the new stemming method is the reduction in the cost of blasting. At a limestone quarry, blasting costs per unit volume of rock were reduced by 7%. This is obtained by increasing burden and spacing distances. In addition, better fragmentation was obtained by using the plaster stemming method. Blast trials showed that plaster stemming produced finer material than the conventional methods. In the same blast tests, +20 cm size fragments reduced to 42.6% of the total, compared to 48.7% in the conventional method of drill cuttings stemming.
Produção Científica sobre o Teste de Cloze
Authors: Suehiro Adriana Cristina Boulhoça
Published: January 2014

O presente estudo investigou a produção científica sobre o Cloze publicada entre os anos de 2002 e 2012. Foram focalizados 14 periódicos, nos quais 32 artigos foram analisados com base em alguns critérios estabelecidos por Witter e outros considerados relevantes pela autora. Os dados evidenciaram um aumento das publicações a partir de 2007, sendo os anos de 2007 e 2008 os mais férteis. Observou-se que o relato de pesquisa foi a forma mais utilizada e que o Sudeste foi a região que mais publicou nesse período. Houve ainda a predominância de autorias múltiplas e femininas e de pesquisas que associaram outros testes ou escalas ao Cloze, portanto, houve relações com outros construtos. Os resultados apontaram também a predominância de pesquisas no contexto educacional e com universitários, baseadas no emprego da técnica tradicional, com a supressão de todo quinto vocábulo do texto e correção literal.