bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
African–Caribbean Cancer Consortium Scientific and Training Conference 2017
Authors: Ragin C. , Oliver J. S. , Cabral D. N. , Harlemon M. , Louden D. , Morrison-Blidgen B. F. , Alleyne-Mike K. , Ashing K. , Butler R. , Gathere S. , George S. , Halliday D. , Jackson M. , Odero-Marah V. , Roach V. , Roberts R. , Slewion S.
Published: January 2020

The sixth International African–Caribbean Cancer Consortium (AC3) Conference was held 6–9 October 2017 in Miami, Florida, U.S.A. The conference was open to all researchers, trainees, clinical and public health professionals, and community members, and served as an international hub for the United States, the Caribbean, and Africa. Sessions included AC3 collaboration meetings, cancer surveillance and research skills training workshops, and a community cancer prevention conference.
Report from the 20th Annual Western Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference; Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; 28–29 September 2018
Authors: Le D. M. , Ahmed S. , Ahmed S. , Brunet B. , Davies J. , Doll C. , Ferguson M. , Ginther N. , Gordon V. , Hamilton T. , Hebbard P. , Helewa R. , Kim C. A. , Lee-Ying R. , Lim H. , Loree J. M. , McGhie J. P. , Mulder K. , Park J. , Renouf D. , Wong R .P. W. , Zaidi A. , Asif T.
Published: January 2020

The 20th annual Western Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference was held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 28–29 September 2018. This interactive multidisciplinary conference is attended by health care professionals from across Western Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba) who are involved in the care of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. In addition, invited speakers from other provinces participate. Surgical, medical, and radiation oncologists, and allied health care professionals participated in presentations and discussion sessions for the purpose of developing the recommendations presented here. This consensus statement addresses current issues in the management of colorectal cancers.
Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO
Authors: Chithaiah Pallellappa , Raju Madhan Mohan , Kulkarni Giridhar U , Rao C N R
Published: January 2020

A green and facile approach has been developed for the large-scale synthesis of nanosheets of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and nitrogenated reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO). This has been achieved by direct thermal decomposition of sucrose and glycine at 475 °C in ca. 7 minutes, respectively. The present protocols for synthesizing rGO and N-rGO are simple and environmentally friendly as we do not use any harmful reagents, metal catalysts and solvents. Along with that, this method offers an inexpensive route with high yields to prepare rGO with a high nitrogen content (20–25 atom %). To further improve the properties of the synthesized rGO sheets, hydrogen treatment has been carried out to reduce the oxygen functional groups. Cyclic voltammograms and charge–discharge experiments have been carried out to understand the supercapacitor behavior of rGO and hydrogen treated (H-rGO) samples.
Documenting decapod biodiversity in the Caribbean from DNA barcodes generated during field training in taxonomy
Authors: Venera-Pontón Dagoberto , Driskell Amy , De Grave Sammy , Felder Darryl , Scioli Justin , Collin Rachel
Published: January 2020

DNA barcoding is a useful tool to identify the components of mixed or bulk samples, as well as to determine individuals that lack morphologically diagnostic features. However, the reference database of DNA barcode sequences is particularly sparsely populated for marine invertebrates and for tropical taxa. We used samples collected as part of two field courses, focused on graduate training in taxonomy and systematics, to generate DNA sequences of the barcode fragments of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and mitochondrial ribosomal 16S genes for 447 individuals, representing at least 129 morphospecies of decapod crustaceans. COI sequences for 36% (51/140) of the species and 16S sequences for 26% (37/140) of the species were new to GenBank. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery identified 140 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) which largely coincided with the morphospecies delimitations. Barcode identifications (i.e. matches to identified sequences) were especially useful for OTUs within Synalpheus, a group that is notoriously difficult to identify and rife with cryptic species, a number of which we could not identify to species, based on morphology. Non-concordance between morphospecies and barcode OTUs also occurred in a few cases of suspected cryptic species. As mitochondrial pseudogenes are particularly common in decapods, we investigate the potential for this dataset to include pseudogenes and discuss the utility of these sequences as species identifiers (i.e. barcodes). These results demonstrate that material collected and identified during training activities can provide useful incidental barcode reference samples for under-studied taxa.
The Ambiguities of Captain Singleton, Defoe’s Piratical Novel
Authors: Clark Robert
Published: January 2020

Captain Singleton, roman de Daniel Defoe, a jusqu’ici peu intéressé la critique, peut-être parce le récit, qui soutient la piraterie en utilisant des arguments peu convaincants, peut paraître sans grand intérêt, et parce qu’il passe sous silence les terribles actes de violence pour lesquels les pirates étaient connus et détestés. Ce texte est problématique. Le présent article met en lumière le contexte historique dans lequel le roman parut en soulignant l’attitude ambiguë de l’État britannique à l’égard de la piraterie à l’époque. L’État la tolérait quand elle servait les intérêts mercantiles de la Grande-Bretagne, mais la condamnait lorsqu’elle menaçait le commerce colonial. Une autre ambiguïté vient de la fascination qu’éprouvait personnellement Defoe pour l’accumulation de richesses par des moyens immoraux ou illégaux. Cet article montre en quoi ces deux contradictions sont au centre de l’idéologie mercantile qui sous-tend l’essor du capitalisme : le discours autour du commerce honnête et harmonieux masquait la violence épouvantable entourant l’accumulation de capital, violence tantôt officielle et soutenue par l’État, tantôt exercée par des individus quand l’occasion se présentait. L’article montre également comment Captain Singleton contribue à l’appropriation par l’imaginaire de l’Afrique, de l’océan Indien et de l’océan Pacifique, ouvrant la voie à la domination hégémonique de ces territoires par l’Empire britannique ainsi qu’à leur entrée dans la littérature britannique au cours des deux siècles qui suivirent.
An Art of Translation: Churchill’s Uses of Eighteenth-Century British History
Authors: Levillain Charles-Édouard
Published: January 2020

Le mythe persistant du Churchill Premier ministre qui sauva la Grande-Bretagne de l’invasion nazie en 1940 fait parfois oublier sa réputation d’homme de lettres. Churchill fut couronné du prix Nobel de littérature en 1953. Il fut l’auteur d’une œuvre considérable, dont The Life and Times of Marlborough (1934-38), The History of the English-speaking Peoples (1956-58) et The Second World War (1948-53). Le Churchill historien et écrivain n’intéresse véritablement les spécialistes que depuis une quinzaine d’année. On s’accorde généralement à dire que Churchill écrivait l’histoire en homme politique, mais la littérature existante ne s’est guère penchée sur sa lecture du XVIIIe siècle et l’utilisation qu’il en faisait. De nombreux aspects du XVIIIe siècle britannique, tant au niveau national qu’international, faisaient écho à la compréhension qu’avait Churchill de son époque. Le présent article montre que, au-delà de l’évidence du lien de famille entre Marlborough et Churchill, les références au XVIIIe siècle formaient un aspect essentiel de la culture historique de ce dernier et qu’il savait en faire bon usage lorsqu’il le jugeait utile.
The Life and Dying Speech of Arthur, a Negro Man, Who Was Executed at Worcester, October 10, 1768 / La vie et les dernières paroles d’Arthur, un Nègre, exécuté à Worcester le 20 Octobre 1768
Authors: Rossignol Marie-Jeanne , Razafimalala Aurélie
Published: January 2020

Peu de récits d’esclaves du XVIIIe siècle sont disponibles en français, en particulier parce qu’on ne note pas une production de récits personnels de ce genre dans les colonies françaises. Les traductions de récits nord-américains sont donc précieuses. The Life, dont la traduction est présentée ici, est aussi bien une autobiographie criminelle qu’un vrai récit d’esclavage et de liberté. A travers sa confession, la veille de sa pendaison, Arthur permet au lecteur de se plonger dans le « monde social » des esclaves du Massachusetts au tout début de la Révolution américaine. Dans ce document, le jeune homme fuit sa propriétaire courroucée pour rejoindre des Indiennes amoureuses, navigue dans les Caraïbes et va de vol en vol dans la colonie avant d’être rattrapé par le système judiciaire.
The Neuroimmune Axis in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Shurin Michael R. , Shurin Galina V. , Zlotnikov Samuel B. , Bunimovich Yuri L.
Published: January 2020

Cancer is a complex ecosystem and should be considered in the context of its cellular and molecular microenvironment, which includes the nerves. Peripheral nerves can modulate phenotype and behavior of the malignant cells and thus affect tumor growth and metastasis. Only recently has the role of neuroimmune cross-talk surfaced as a key contributor to cancer progression. However, little is known about the immunomodulatory role of the neuroglial cells in cancer progression and metastasis and the response to therapy. Schwann cells, the principal glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, are now considered to be important players in the tumor microenvironment. They can directly accelerate malignant cell migration and the formation of metastases. Better understanding of the neuroimmune circuits in the tumor milieu will be instrumental in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the malignancies known to be associated with inflammation and dysregulated immune responses.
Meningeal Lymphatics: From Anatomy to Central Nervous System Immune Surveillance
Authors: Papadopoulos Zachary , Herz Jasmin , Kipnis Jonathan
Published: January 2020

At steady state, the CNS parenchyma has few to no lymphocytes and less potent Ag-presentation capability compared with other organs. However, the meninges surrounding the CNS host diverse populations of immune cells that influence how CNS-related immune responses develop. Interstitial and cerebrospinal fluid produced in the CNS is continuously drained, and recent advances have emphasized that this process is largely taking place through the lymphatic system. To what extent this fluid process mobilizes CNS-derived Ags toward meningeal immune cells and subsequently the peripheral immune system through the lymphatic vessel network is a question of significant clinical importance for autoimmunity, tumor immunology, and infectious disease. Recent advances in understanding the role of meningeal lymphatics as a communicator between the brain and peripheral immunity are discussed in this review.
Complement-Mediated Events in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Tenner Andrea J.
Published: January 2020

An estimated 5.7 million Americans suffer from Alzheimer's disease in the United States, with no disease-modifying treatments to prevent or treat cognitive deficits associated with the disease. Genome-wide association studies suggest that an enhancement of clearance mechanisms and/or promotion of an anti-inflammatory response may slow or prevent disease progression. Increasing awareness of distinct roles of complement components in normal brain development and function and in neurodegenerative disorders align with complement-mediated responses, and thus, thorough understanding of these molecular pathways is needed to facilitate successful therapeutic design. Both beneficial and detrimental effects of C1q as well as contributions to local inflammation by C5a–C5aR1 signaling in brain highlight the need for precision of therapeutic design. The potential benefit of β-amyloid clearance from the circulation via CR1-mediated mechanisms is also reviewed. Therapies that suppress inflammation while preserving protective effects of complement could be tested now to slow the progression of this debilitating disease.
Incidence of newly developed postoperative low back pain with median versus paramedian approach for spinal anesthesia
Authors: Lee Jung Ha , Yoon Dae Hun , Heo Bong Ha
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe effects of anesthetic techniques on postdural puncture backache (PDPB) have not been specifically evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence and severity of PDPB between median and paramedian techniques.MethodsPatients were randomized to receive spinal anesthesia by either a median (Group M, n = 50) or paramedian (Group P, n = 50) approach.We recorded each patient’s personal number of puncture attempts, surgical position, and operation duration. We investigated the incidence and intensity of back pain 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 2, and 3 months postoperatively.ResultsThe overall incidence of PDPB was higher in the Group M (18/50, 36%) than in the Group P (8/50, 16%) (P =0.023). Twenty-four hours after surgery, 8 patients in Group M and 6 patients in Group P complained of back pain, and the average numeric rating scale (NRS) pain scores showed no evidence of differences. Seven days after the surgery, 16 patients in the Group M and 5 patients in the Group P complained of pain (P = 0.007); their NRS scores did not significantly differ. After 1 month, 5 patients in the Group M and 1 patient in the Group P complained of pain. Only one patient in each group complained of pain after 3 months.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that spinal anesthesia using the paramedian approach reduces the incidence of PDPB during the early postoperative period.
On continuation properties after blow-up time for $L^2$-critical gKdV equations
Authors: Lan Yang
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we consider a blow-up solution

u(t)

(close to the soliton manifold) to the

L^2

-critical gKdV equation

\partial_tu+(u_{xx}+u^5)_x=0

, with finite blow-up time

T < +\infty

. We expect to construct a natural extension of

u(t)

after the blow-up time. To do this, we consider the solution

u_{\gamma}(t)

to the saturated

L^2

-critical gKdV equation

\partial_tu+(u_{xx}+u^5-\gamma u|u|^{q-1})_x=0

with the same initial data, where

\gamma > 0

and

q > 5

. A standard argument shows that

u_{\gamma}(t)

is always global in time. Moreover, for all

t < T

,

u_{\gamma}(t)

converges to

u(t)

in

H^1

as

\gamma\rightarrow0

. We prove in this paper that for all

t\geq T

,

u_{\gamma}(t)\rightarrow v(t)

as

\gamma\rightarrow0

, in a certain sense. This limiting function

v(t)

is a weak solution to the unperturbed

L^2

-critical gKdV equations, hence can be viewed as a natural extension of

u(t)

after the blow-up time.
On a class of nonlinear Schrödinger–Poisson systems involving a nonradial charge density
Authors: Mercuri Carlo , Tyler Teresa Megan
Published: January 2020

In the spirit of the classical work of P. H. Rabinowitz on nonlinear Schrödinger equations, we prove existence of mountain-pass solutions and least energy solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger–Poisson system

\left\{\begin{array}{lll} - \Delta u+ u + \rho (x) \phi u = |u|^{p-1} u, &x\in \mathbb{R}^3, \\ -\Delta \phi=\rho(x) u^2, & x\in \mathbb{R}^3, \end{array}\right.

under different assumptions on

\rho\colon \mathbb{R}^3\rightarrow \mathbb{R}_+

at infinity. Our results cover the range

p\in(2,3)

where the lack of compactness phenomena may be due to the combined effect of the invariance by translations of a 'limiting problem' at infinity and of the possible unboundedness of the Palais–Smale sequences. Moreover, we find necessary conditions for concentration at points to occur for solutions to the singularly perturbed problem

\left\{\begin{array}{lll} - \epsilon^2\Delta u+ u + \rho (x) \phi u = |u|^{p-1} u, &x\in \mathbb{R}^3, \\ -\Delta \phi=\rho(x) u^2, & x\in \mathbb{R}^3, \end{array}\right.

in various functional settings which are suitable for both variational and perturbation methods.
On differential polynomial rings over nil algebras
Authors: Chebotar Mikhail , Ke Wen-Fong
Published: January 2020

Let

R

be a nil algebra over a field of characteristic 0, and let

\delta

be a derivation of

R

. Then the differential polynomial ring

R[X, \delta]

cannot be mapped onto a unital simple ring homomorphically.
Sources of Work Stress and Levels of the Nurses Mecca Hospitals According to some Demographic Variables
Authors: Mansour Ahmed Bahlkure Mansour Ahmed Bahlkure
Published: January 2020

health services is one of the most fundamental props of community service that nations keen to develop and give interest in them, in order to save the human resources which is the basis of development. Nursing is the backbone of health industry and a component of its success. The Nursing impact is clear and concrete in the services provided by health facilities. Nursing is known as jobs with very cumbersome compared to many other professions, because nurses in their practice almost daily exposed to situations of life and death, load of work, long work hours, different evening shifts and competition among peers and professional colleagues. The main importance of research is to answer the following questions: What sources of common work pressure among nurses in hospitals of holy city Mecca? Which degree of job stress presents among nurses in hospitals of holy city Mecca? Do work stress levels vary among nurses of hospitals of holy city Mecca due to the differing of sex, nationality and the type of hospital? Pursued research proceeds descriptive and analytical approach. The research found that the sources of the common work stress is patient, co-workers, heads of work, management and work nature, with a fair degree, where patient came in the first place followed by co-workers then the administration came to a fair degree, then the work nature came in the fourth rank, followed by heads of work at low degree. The results showed statistically significant differences to the point of work pressures depending on some search variables. The research concluded with recommendation to improve the work environment by providing a protection means of risks, delegation of some authorities to the nurses and involvement of them in decision-making. In addition adapt of time and a place to practice sports and recreational activities and support to enhance the morale and relieve work pressures.
Performance of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Cultivars under the Intercropping with Clover in Arid Land Conditions
Authors: Fathy S. El-Nakhlawy Fathy S. El-Nakhlawy
Published: January 2020

This investigation was carried out at Hada AL-Sham Agricultural Research Station, KAU to study the behavior of three sugar beet cultivars (Farida, Dita and Heros) under three intercropping systems (sugar beet sole, 1sugar beet: 2 clover and 1sugar beet:3 clover rows) during 2016-208 seasons. Intercropping systems produced higher root and sucrose yield/ha more than sole plantation. In addition, Farida cv was the highest in root and sucrose yield compared with the other cultivars. Farida cv under the1sugar beet: 3clover intercropping system produced the highest sucrose yield/ha (4.45t and 7.04 t/ha in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively).
Building a System Dynamics Model to Achieve Optimal Economic Efficiency of Groundwater Use, Case Study: Wadi Al-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdulaziz M. Alqarawy Abdulaziz M. Alqarawy
Published: January 2020

An agricultural hydro-economic System Dynamics model is built to study optimal solutions for economic efficiency of groundwater use and to achieve water and food sustainability in Wadi Al-Dawasir. Seven scenarios are proposed for the period (2017-2030). These scenarios are designed to study the anticipated effects of the government’s decision to stop growing fodder crops by 2019. The results showed that the implementation of this decision would reduce the cumulative depletion of water by 21 billion m3. In addition, the transfer from fodder to vegetable farming is the least water consuming and offers higher value agricultural products than other scenarios.
Christ Redeemed ‘Us’ From the Curse of the Law
Authors: Williams Jarvis J.
Published: January 2020

Jarvis J. Williams argues that the Jewish martyrological ideas, codified in 2 and 4 Maccabees and in selected texts in LXX Daniel 3, provide an important background to understanding Paul’s statements about the cursed Christ in Gal. 3.13, and the soteriological benefits that his death achieves for Jews and Gentiles in Galatians. Williams further argues that Paul modifies Jewish martyrology to fit his exegetical, polemical, and theological purposes, in order to persuade the Galatians not to embrace the ‘other’ gospel of their opponents.

In addition to providing a detailed and up to date history of research on the scholarship of Gal. 3.13, Williams provides five arguments throughout this volume related to the scriptural, theological and conceptual, lexical, grammatical and polemical points of contact, and finally the discontinuities between Galatians and Jewish martyrological ideas. Drawing on literature from Second Temple traditions to directly compare with Gal. 3.13, Williams adds new insights to Paul’s defense of his Torah-free-gentile-inclusive gospel, and his rhetoric against his opponents.
From France with Love
Authors: Harrod Mary
Published: January 2020

Love stories have always been at the heart of French cinema, but romantic comedies have, until recently, been absent from it. In 2001, the global success of Amelie catalysed a major development in the Western world's second-largest film industry: the appropriation of the 'Hollywood' romantic comedy genre (or Rom-Com a l'Americaine). In From France with Love, Mary Harrod explores this contemporary phenomenon, examining both local hits and films with international status. Using socio-cultural data, box-office figures and analysis of critical reception, she reveals the ways in which these films mirror shifting attitudes towards gender roles within French society, as well as the increasingly important interrelation between French national cinema and transnational filmmaking paradigms.
Youth and the National Narrative
Authors: Lall Marie , Saeed Tania
Published: January 2020

The role of the security establishment in Pakistan has been strengthened in a post-Musharraf era as social institutions are increasingly drawn into the security agenda. Pakistan’s problems are often explained through the lens of ethnic or religious differences, the tense relationship between democracy and the Pakistan military, or geopolitics and terrorism, without taking into account young citizens’ role in questioning the state and the role of the education system.

Based on new research and interviews with more than 1900 Pakistanis aged 16-28 the authors examine young people’s understanding of citizenship, political participation, the state and terrorism in post-Musharraf Pakistan. The authors explore the relationship between the youth and the security state, highlighting how the educational institutions, social media, political activism and the entire nature of the social contract in Pakistan has been increasingly securitized. The focus is on the voices of young Pakistanis, their views on state accountability (or lack thereof), political literacy and participation, and the continued problem of terrorism that is transforming their views of both their country and the world today. With 67% of the country's population under the age of 30, this book is a unique window into how Pakistan is likely to evolve in the next couple of decades.
Malnutrition and associated risk factors in nursing home residents in Turkey
Authors: Balcı Cafer , Ülger Zekeriya , Halil Meltem Gülhan , Hopancı Bıçaklı Derya , Bahat Öztürk Gülistan , Öztürk Zeynel Abidin , Sümer Fatih , Yılmaz Özlem , Muratlı Sevilay , Sungurtekin Hülya , Demirağ Kubilay , Abbasoğlu Osman , Kılıçturgay Sadık
Published: January 2020

Objective: Malnutrition is a common problem in nursing home residents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition and to determine the factors independently associated with malnutrition in this setting.
Methods: A cross-sectional, multi-center study was conducted in 21 nursing homes in Turkey. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Data on possible associated factors were collected using validated scales.
Results: The study included 1224 residents; 45.7% of the residents were at risk for malnutrition and 23.4% were malnourished. Cognitive impairment, dependence in activities of daily living, and dysphagia were significantly associated with malnutrition.
Conclusion: Malnutrition is a prevalent problem in nursing homes in Turkey. Systematic screening and well-defined tailored interventions should be further developed and evaluated in nursing home residents.
The changing role of organic nitrates in the removal and transport of NOx
Authors: Romer Present Paul S. , Zare Azimeh , Cohen Ronald C.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A better understanding of the chemistry of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is crucial to effectively reducing air pollution and predicting future air quality. The response of NOx lifetime to perturbations in emissions or in the climate system is set in large part by whether NOx loss occurs primarily by the direct formation of HNO3 or through the formation of alkyl and multifunctional nitrates (RONO2). Using 15 years of detailed in situ observations, we show that in the summer daytime continental boundary layer the relative importance of these two pathways can be well approximated by the relative likelihood that OH will react with NO2 or instead with a volatile organic compound (VOC). Over the past decades, changes in anthropogenic emissions of both NOx and VOCs have led to a significant increase in the overall importance of RONO2 chemistry to NOx loss. We find that this shift is associated with a decreased effectiveness of NOx emissions reductions on ozone production in polluted areas and increased transport of NOx from source to receptor regions. This change in chemistry, combined with changes in the spatial pattern of NOx emissions, is observed to be leading to a flatter distribution of NO2 across the United States, potentially transforming ozone air pollution from a local issue into a regional one.
Latitudinal variation of Pc3–Pc5 geomagnetic pulsation amplitude across the dip equator in central South America
Authors: Silva Graziela B. D. , Padilha Antonio L. , Alves Livia R.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In order to clarify the equatorial electrojet effects on ground
magnetic pulsations in central South America, we statistically analyzed the
amplitude structure of Pc3 and Pc5 pulsations recorded during days considered quiet to
moderately disturbed at multiple equatorial stations nearly aligned
along the 10∘ magnetic meridian. It was observed that Pc3
amplitudes are attenuated around noon at the dip equator for periods shorter
than ∼35 s. It is proposed that daytime Pc3s are related to
MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) compressional wave vertically incident on the ionosphere, with the
screening effect induced by enhanced conductivity in the dip equator causing
wave attenuation. Daytime Pc5s showed amplitude enhancement at all
equatorial stations, which can be explained by the model of waves excited at
higher latitudes and propagating equatorward in an Earth–ionosphere
waveguide. However, a slight depression in Pc5 amplitude compared to
neighboring equatorial stations and a phase lag in relation to an
off-equatorial station were detected at the dip equator. This wave amplitude
depression in the Pc5 frequency band cannot be explained by the ionospheric
waveguide model alone, and we propose that an alternative propagation model
that allows ULF (ultra-low-frequency) waves to penetrate directly from the magnetosphere to low
latitudes could be operating simultaneously to produce these features at the
dip equator. Significant effects of the sunrise terminator on Pc3 pulsations
were also observed at the stations closest to the dip equator. Contrary to
what is reported at other longitudes, in central South America the sunrise
effect decreases the D∕H amplitude ratio. We suggest that these
differences may arise from the unique characteristics of this sector, with a
strong longitudinal variation in the magnetic declination and precipitation
of energetic particles due to the presence of the South Atlantic Magnetic
Anomaly (SAMA). The H-component amplification can be explained by enhancements of
the zonal electric field near the magnetic equator driven by F-region
neutral winds and waves in the fast-mode of propagation during sunrise.
Experimental evaluation of oxygen isotopic exchange between inclusion water and host calcite in speleothems
Authors: Uemura Ryu , Kina Yudai , Shen Chuan-Chou , Omine Kanako
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of water in fluid
inclusions in speleothems are important hydroclimate proxies because they
provide information on the isotopic compositions of rainwater in the past.
Moreover, because isotopic differences between fluid inclusion water and the
host calcite provide information on the past isotopic fractionation factor,
they are also useful for quantitative estimation of past temperature
changes. The oxygen isotope ratio of inclusion water (δ18Ofi), however, may be affected by isotopic exchange between the
water and the host carbonate. Thus, it is necessary to estimate the bias
caused by this postdepositional effect for precise reconstruction of
paleotemperatures. Here, we evaluate the isotopic exchange reaction
between inclusion water and host calcite based on a laboratory experiment
involving a natural stalagmite. Multiple stalagmite samples cut from the
same depth interval were heated at 105 ∘C in the laboratory from
0 to 80 h. Then, the isotopic compositions of the inclusion water were
measured. In the 105 ∘C heating experiments, the
δ18Ofi values increased from the initial value by
0.7 ‰ and then remained stable after ca. 20 h. The
hydrogen isotope ratio of water showed no trend in response to the heating
experiments, suggesting that the hydrogen isotopic composition of fluid
inclusion water effectively reflects the composition of past drip water. We
then evaluated the process behind the observed isotopic variations using a
partial equilibration model. The experimental results are best explained
by the assumption that a thin CaCO3 layer surrounding the inclusion
reacted with the water. The amount of CaCO3 that reacted with the water
is equivalent to 2 % of the water inclusions in molar terms. These results
suggest that the magnitude of the isotopic exchange effect has a minor
influence on paleotemperature estimates for Quaternary climate
reconstructions.
Fractional governing equations of transient groundwater flow in unconfined aquifers with multi-fractional dimensions in fractional time
Authors: Kavvas M. Levent , Tu Tongbi , Ercan Ali , Polsinelli James
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In this study, a dimensionally consistent governing equation of
transient unconfined groundwater flow in fractional time and
multi-fractional space is developed. First, a fractional continuity equation
for transient unconfined groundwater flow is developed in fractional time
and space. For the equation of groundwater motion within a multi-fractional
multidimensional unconfined aquifer, a previously developed dimensionally
consistent equation for water flux in unsaturated/saturated porous media is
combined with the Dupuit approximation to obtain an equation for groundwater
motion in multi-fractional space in unconfined aquifers. Combining the
fractional continuity and groundwater motion equations, the fractional
governing equation of transient unconfined aquifer flow is then obtained.
Finally, two numerical applications to unconfined aquifer groundwater flow
are presented to show the skills of the proposed fractional governing
equation. As shown in one of the numerical applications, the newly developed
governing equation can produce heavy-tailed recession behavior in unconfined
aquifer discharges.
GloFAS-ERA5 operational global river discharge reanalysis 1979–present
Authors: Harrigan Shaun , Zsoter Ervin , Alfieri Lorenzo , Prudhomme Christel , Salamon Peter , Wetterhall Fredrik , Barnard Christopher , Cloke Hannah , Pappenberger Florian
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Estimating how much water is flowing through rivers at the global scale is challenging due to a lack of observations in space and time. A way forward is to optimally combine the global network of earth system observations with advanced numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to generate consistent spatio-temporal maps of land, ocean, and atmospheric variables of interest, known as a reanalysis. While the current generation of NWP output runoff at each grid cell, they currently do not produce river discharge at catchment scales directly, and thus have limited utility in hydrological applications such as flood and drought monitoring and forecasting. This is overcome in the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS; http://www.globalfloods.eu/) by coupling surface and sub-surface runoff from the HTESSEL land surface model used within ECMWF’s latest global atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) with the LISFLOOD hydrological and channel routing model. The aim of this paper is to describe and evaluate the GloFAS-ERA5 global river discharge reanalysis dataset launched on 5 November 2019 (version 2.1 release). The river discharge reanalysis is a global gridded dataset with a horizontal resolution of 0.1° at a daily time step. An innovative feature is that it is produced in an operational environment so is available to users from 1 January 1979 until near real time (within 7 days behind real time). The reanalysis was evaluated against a global network of 1801 river discharge observation stations. Results found that the GloFAS-ERA5 reanalysis was skilful against a mean flow benchmark in 86 % of catchments according to the modified Kling-Gupta Efficiency Skill Score, although the strength of skill varied considerably with location. The global median Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.61 with an interquartile range of 0.44 to 0.74. The long-term and operational nature of the GloFAS-ERA5 reanalysis dataset provides a valuable dataset to the user community for applications ranging from monitoring global flood and drought conditions, identification of hydroclimatic variability and change, and as raw input to post-processing and machine learning methods that can add further value. The dataset is openly available from the Copernicus Climate Change Service Climate Data Store: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cems-glofas-historical?tab=overview with the following DOI: 10.24381/cds.a4fdd6b9 (C3S, 2019).
Why does a conceptual hydrological model fail to predict discharge changes in response to climate change?
Authors: Duethmann Doris , Blöschl Günter , Parajka Juraj
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Several studies have shown that hydrological models do not perform well when applied to periods with climate conditions that differ from those during model calibration. This has important implications for the application of these models in climate change impact studies. The causes of the low transferability to changed climate conditions have, however, only been investigated in a few studies. Here we revisit a study in Austria that demonstrated the inability of a conceptual model to simulate the discharge response to increases in precipitation and air temperature. The aim of the paper is to shed light on the reasons of these model problems. We set up hypotheses for the possible causes of the mismatch between the observed and simulated changes in discharge and evaluate these using simulations with modifications of the model. In the baseline model, trends of simulated and observed discharge over 1978–2013 differ, on average over all 156 catchments, by 92 ± 50 mm yr−1 per 35 yrs. Accounting for variations in vegetation dynamics, as derived from a satellite-based vegetation index, in the calculation of reference evaporation explains 35 ± 9 mm yr−1 per 35 yrs of the differences between the trends in simulated and observed discharge. Inhomogeneities in the precipitation data, caused by a variable number of stations explain 44 ± 28 mm yr−1 per 35 yrs of this difference. Extending the calibration period from 5 to 25 yrs, varying the objective function by including annually aggregated discharge data, or estimating evaporation with the Penman–Monteith instead of the Blaney–Criddle approach has little influence on the simulated discharge trends. The precipitation data problem highlights the importance of using precipitation data based on a stationary input station network when studying hydrologic changes. The model structure problem with respect to vegetation dynamics is likely relevant for a wide spectrum of regions in a transient climate and has important implications for climate change impact studies.
Simulations of the 2005, 1910, and 1876 Vb cyclones over the Alps – sensitivity to model physics and cyclonic moisture flux
Authors: Stucki Peter , Froidevaux Paul , Zamuriano Marcelo , Isotta Francesco Alessandro , Messmer Martina , Martynov Andrey
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In June 1876, June 1910, and August 2005, northern Switzerland was severely impacted by heavy precipitation and extreme floods. Although occurring in different centuries, all three events featured very similar precipitation patterns and an extratropical storm following a cyclonic, so-called Vb (five b of the van Bebber trajectories) trajectory around the Alps. Going back in time from the recent to the historical cases, we explore the potential of dynamical downscaling of a global reanalysis product from a grid size of 220 to 3 km. We investigate sensitivities of the simulated precipitation amounts to a set of differing configurations in the regional weather model. The best-performing model configuration in the evaluation, featuring a 1 d initialization period, is then applied to assess the sensitivity of simulated precipitation totals to cyclonic moisture flux along the downscaling steps. The analyses show that cyclone fields (closed pressure contours) and tracks (minimum pressure trajectories) are well defined in the reanalysis ensemble for the 2005 and 1910 cases, while deviations from the ensemble mean increase for the 1876 case. In the downscaled ensemble, the accuracy of simulated precipitation totals is closely linked to the exact trajectory and stalling position of the cyclone, with slight shifts producing erroneous precipitation, e.g., due to a break-up of the vortex if simulated too close to the Alpine topography. Simulated precipitation totals only reach the observed ones if the simulation includes continuous moisture fluxes of >200 kg m−1 s−1 from northerly directions and high contributions of (embedded) convection. Misplacement of the vortex and concurrent uncertainties in simulating convection, in particular for the
1876 case, point to limitations of downscaling from coarse input for such
complex weather situations and for the more distant past. On the upside,
single (contrasting) members of the historical cases are well capable of
illustrating variants of Vb cyclone dynamics and features along the downscaling steps.
Water exchange between the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait
Authors: Zavialov Ivan , Osadchiev Alexander , Sedakov Roman , Barnier Bernard , Molines Jean-Marc , Belokopytov Vladimir
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The Sea of Azov is a small, shallow, and freshened sea
that receives a large freshwater discharge. Under certain external forcing
conditions low-salinity waters from the Sea of Azov flow into the north-eastern
part of the Black Sea through the narrow Kerch Strait and form a
surface-advected buoyant plume. Water flow in the Kerch Strait also
regularly occurs in the opposite direction, which results in the spreading of a
bottom-advected plume of saline and dense waters from the Black Sea into the
Sea of Azov. In this study we focus on the physical mechanisms that govern water
exchange through the Kerch Strait and analyse the dependence of its direction and
intensity on external forcing conditions. Analysis of satellite imagery,
wind data, and numerical modelling shows that water exchange in the Kerch
Strait is governed by a wind-induced barotropic pressure gradient. Water
flow through the shallow and narrow Kerch Strait is a one-way process for
the majority of the time. Outflow from the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea is
induced by moderate and strong north-easterly winds, while flow into the Sea
of Azov from the Black Sea occurs during wind relaxation periods. The direction
and intensity of water exchange have wind-governed synoptic and seasonal
variability, and they do not depend on the rate of river discharge to
the Sea of Azov on an intra-annual timescale. The analysed data reveal
dependencies between wind forcing conditions and spatial characteristics of
the buoyant plume formed by the outflow from the Sea of Azov.
The significance of coastal bathymetry representation for modelling the tidal response to mean sea level rise in the German Bight
Authors: Rasquin Caroline , Seiffert Rita , Wachler Benno , Winkel Norbert
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Due to climate change an accelerated mean sea level rise
is expected. One key question for the development of adaptation measures is
how mean sea level rise affects tidal dynamics in shelf seas such as the
North Sea. Owing to its low-lying coastal areas, the German Bight (located
in the southeast of the North Sea) will be especially affected. Numerical
hydrodynamic models help to understand how mean sea level rise changes tidal
dynamics. Models cannot adequately represent all processes in overall
detail. One limiting factor is the resolution of the model grid. In this
study we investigate which role the representation of the coastal bathymetry
plays when analysing the response of tidal dynamics to mean sea level rise. Using a shelf model including the whole North Sea and a high-resolution
hydrodynamic model of the German Bight we investigate the changes in M2
amplitude due to a mean sea level rise of 0.8 and 10 m. The shelf model
and the German Bight Model react in different ways. In the simulations with
a mean sea level rise of 0.8 m the M2 amplitude in the shelf model generally
increases in the region of the German Bight. In contrast, the M2 amplitude
in the German Bight Model increases only in some coastal areas and decreases
in the northern part of the German Bight. In the simulations with a mean sea
level rise of 10 m the M2 amplitude increases in both models with largely
similar spatial patterns. In two case studies we adjust the German Bight
Model in order to more closely resemble the shelf model. We find that a
different resolution of the bathymetry results in different energy
dissipation changes in response to mean sea level rise. Our results show
that the resolution of the bathymetry especially in flat intertidal areas
plays a crucial role for modelling the impact of mean sea level rise.
Effects of External Factors on Organisational Cash Flow: Evidence From Ghana
Authors: Ofori Abel Obeng Amanfo
Published: January 2020

Effective cash flow management is essential in achieving the goals of every organisation. Businesses will fail to survive without efficient cash flow management. Existing literature reveals that key performance indicators of every organisation is influenced by forces in its external environment. The main objective of this study was thus to examine the effect of external factors within an organisation’s environment on the organisation’s cash flow.Random effect model was used to examine the relationship between key external factors organisational cash flow. The paper established that external factors had a significant impact on organisational cash flow. The paper further established that some external factors had some level of significant impact on cash flow. Taken as set, key external factors examined had little influence on variance in organisational cash flow position. Unemployment rate and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate were found not to have significant influence on organisational cash flow, while consumer price index was found to have a significant positive relationship with organisational cash flow.The paper recommends professionals and scholars in corporate finance management to analyse the effect of external factors on organizational cash flow when developing cash flow strategies.
A Comparative Study on the Legal Education Model in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanzi Awad Ali
Published: January 2020

This research mootivates to identify the legal eduaction model in the Arab region and Saudi Arabia in particular. It is found that Arab legal system is derived from the Roman law and French models. The French teaching model is spread in the Kingdom through the professors educated from the French law schools. The french model of legal education follows the lecture approach. The formal legal education in the Kingdom is initiated by Institute of Public Administration (IPA) during 1970s. IPA offered two-years disploma after Sha’ria graduation. Afterwards, King Saud University started the systemetic legal education since 1980s. Law graduatea are required atleast 4-years law degree and 3-years apprenticeship in a law firm as a trainee lawyer.This research also differentiates the legal education system of France, Saudi Arabia and US. We find that that Saudi Arabian system is more similar to French system and lesser similar to the US system.
COMPLETE SYMPTOM’S REMISSION OF ACUTE NON-COMBAT PTSD AFTER ONE EMDR SESSION
Authors: Softic Rusmir
Published: January 2020

Background: Recent studies pointed to Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing as an efficient psychoterapeutic approach in the treatment of states caused by severe stress. Until now in Bosnia and Hercegovina were no published studies regarding to EMDR. Case report: Patient with acute posttraumatic stress disorder developed after he survived the mining accident was presented. After one session of EMDR simptoms were solved, and patient returns at premorbid level of psychosocial functioning. Conclusion: Patients treated with EMDR has a lot of benefits from this approach, especialy in cases of Posttraumatic stress disorder caused by simple trauma that is not incorporated into patients personality.
COMMA OF UNCLEARED CAUSE AS A DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM. CASE REPORT OF ACCIDENTAL PESTICIDE POISONING
Authors: Uljic Vasvija , Markovic Dragana , Praso Mirsada , Delibegovic Samir
Published: January 2020

Pesticide is used in agriculture, but their non-competent usage can cause adverse effect on people and animals. There are numerous clinical states and symptoms which can give clinical image similiar to pesticide poisoning, with vagal symptoms as a vertigo, weariness, nausea, vomiting, headache, pain in abdomen and musles. That is why diagnosis of accidental pesticide poisoning is difficult. The base for establishing of diagnosis is information that the person was in contact with pesticide, confirmed by laboratory and toxicological analysis. In some cases pesticide poisoning can not be proved by laboratory methods. In these cases history of disease and clinical examination can help in establishing of diagnosis.