bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endemic lizard Gallotia galloti is a paratenic host of invasive Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Tenerife, Spain
Authors: Anettová Lucia , Izquierdo-Rodriguez Elena , Foronda Pilar , Baláž Vojtech , Novotný Ladislav , Modrý David
Published: April 2022

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an invasive zoonotic nematode which causes eosinophilic meningitis in accidental hosts – vertebrates including humans – and is known to impact wildlife. Even though the parasite originates in Southeast Asia, it has spread worldwide, especially into fragile island ecosystems. The Canary Islands are a biodiversity hot spot with numerous endemic species affected by biological invasions. Among others, Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus threaten many endemic species by predation and may spread invasive pathogens, such as the rat lungworm A. cantonensis, which was first described in Tenerife in 2010. Since it is known that lizards can act as paratenic hosts for A. cantonensis and Gallotia galloti is a lizard abundant in Tenerife, the aim of this study was to reveal the role of these endemic lizards in the parasite's life cycle. Gallotia galloti were captured in Tegueste, Tenerife, and after euthanasia, liver and tail muscle samples were examined for the presence of A. cantonensis. During microscopic examination, 8/36 liver samples (22.2%) contained granulomas with nematode larvae. In total, 10/39 liver samples (25.6%) and 7/36 tail muscle samples (19.4%) were positive for A. cantonensis DNA using qPCR. This is a first report of a reptile endemic to the Canary Islands acting as paratenic host of A. cantonensis. The fact that the parasite is obviously well-established in the island ecosystem and exploits endemic lizards as hosts may have important implications for the parasite's ecoepidemiology. Moreover, the parasite might threaten other species which depend on lizards in the island trophic web.
The French intensifierauto,and the roles ofvand Voice in introducing agents
Authors: Labelle Marie
Published: April 2022

The paper focuses on the syntax and semantics of the French verbal prefixauto. It is proposed thatautois an intensifier stating that no agent other than the one specified in the clause (agent-focusing), or, in anticausative clauses, no agent (agent-denying), is responsible for the event. Syntactically,automerges with a verbal projection, and the nature of the constituent to which it attaches determines and constrains the interpretation of the clause. The proposed analysis ofautoprovides support for generative approaches in which avhead introduces the external argument role, while a grammatical Voice head determines its syntactic realization.
“They Say We’re Violent”: The Multidimensionality of Race in Perceptions of Police Brutality and BLM
Authors: Yadon Nicole
Published: April 2022

A growing literature demonstrates the importance of both race and skin color in one’s lived experiences, including interactions with police. Media discourse and anti-police brutality movements consistently emphasize race while little, if any, attention is given to skin color. This paper seeks to examine how Black Americans navigate the multidimensionality of race with respect to organizing efforts against institutionalized racism. Do Black Americans perceive skin color as informing police interactions or support incorporating skin color into anti-brutality movement messaging? Is self-identified skin color associated with these views? A combination of sixty-seven in-depth interviews and two national surveys of Black Americans reveals widespread recognition that darker-skinned Black people are more likely to be brutalized by police and feelings that Black Lives Matter organizing is implicitly associated with skin color. Yet there is general hesitancy for movement messaging to explicitly engage with subgroup disparities based on characteristics like skin color or gender. Among self-identified darker-skinned individuals, skin color is perceived as even more tightly interwoven with policing and there is more openness to discussing skin color alongside race. Overall, this mixed-methods project highlights how Black Americans perceive the multidimensionality of racialized interactions and, in search of justice, strategize responses through social movement organizing.
Electoral Strategy or Historical Legacy? The CDU’s Reactions to Far-Right Parties in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1964–1990
Authors: Berg Anna
Published: April 2022

This article investigates how established political parties react to the emergence of a far-right party. Prevailing approaches explain established parties’ reactions either as based on a spatial model of politics or as determined by historical trajectory and political culture. Neither approach sufficiently accounts for how party leaders choose between these competing motives for actions or how their strategizing might evolve over time. To complement existing approaches, I suggest understanding the emergence of far-right parties as a problem of interpretation. How parties react to far-right emergence depends on what kinds of heuristics they draw on to make sense of the phenomenon of far-right voting. To validate my approach, I study different stances Germany’s center-right Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (CDU) has taken toward two far-right parties in postwar West German history: the Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD), from 1964 to 1969, and the Die Republikaner (REP) from 1983 to 1990. Using archival material documenting internal deliberation, I argue that the social sciences have played a crucial role for how CDU leaders have evolved in their interpretation of far-right emergence. In the 1960s, party leaders drew from external social expertise on the far-right to discount the idea that the NPD was a resurgence of Nazism. In the 1980s, they were concerned with a reform project of their own party, leading them to grasp the REP through heuristics provided by scholarship on electoral strategizing. This resulted in a shift in strategies of repression against the NPD to strategies of demarcation versus co-optation against the REP.
Superior Daily and Sub‐Daily Precipitation Statistics for Intense and Long‐Lived Storms in Global Storm‐Resolving Models
Authors: Ma Hsi‐Yen , Klein Stephen A. , Lee Jiwoo , Ahn Min‐Seop , Tao Cheng , Gleckler Peter J.
Published: April 2022

Daily and sub‐daily precipitation statistics are investigated from three global model ensembles: (a) global storm‐resolving models (GSRMs) with typical horizontal resolutions of ∼4 km, (b) “high”‐resolution global models with typical resolutions of ∼50 km and (c) “standard”‐resolution global models with typical resolutions of ∼100 km. Compared to two satellite rainfall datasets, GSRMs convincingly exhibit superior performance for statistics of heavier rain rate events including their diurnal cycle, spatial propagation and the amount contributed by intense precipitation, but not for statistics of weaker or shorter duration precipitation. Both high‐ and standard‐resolution models fail to simulate the correct phase and amplitude of diurnal cycle of precipitation and the propagating convection in the Central US, but high‐resolution models show relative improvement in the distribution of precipitation frequency and amount, especially for intense precipitation.
Deep Cycle Turbulence in Atlantic and Pacific Cold Tongues
Authors: Moum James N. , Hughes Kenneth G. , Shroyer Emily L. , Smyth William D. , Cherian Deepak , Warner Sally J. , Bourlès Bernard , Brandt Peter , Dengler Marcus
Published: April 2022

Multiyear turbulence measurements from oceanographic moorings in equatorial Atlantic and Pacific cold tongues reveal similarities in deep cycle turbulence (DCT) beneath the mixed layer (ML) and above the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) core. Diurnal composites of turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate, ϵ, clearly show the diurnal cycles of turbulence beneath the ML in both cold tongues. Despite differences in surface forcing, EUC strength and core depth DCT occurs, and is consistent in amplitude and timing, at all three sites. Time‐mean values of ϵ at 30 m depth are nearly identical at all three sites. Variations of averaged values of ϵ in the deep cycle layer below 30 m range to a factor of 10 between sites. A proposed scaling in depth that isolates the deep cycle layers and of ϵ by the product of wind stress and current shear collapses vertical profiles at all sites to within a factor of 2.
An Empirical Evaluation of Turbulence Closure Models in the Coastal Ocean
Authors: Savelyev I. B. , Martin P. J. , Fan Y. , Savidge D. K. , Shearman R. K. , Haack T. , de Paolo T. , Terrill E. J. , Wang Q.
Published: April 2022

A comprehensive in situ data set was obtained for the purpose of testing upper ocean turbulence models. The data set was collected in 38 m deep water over the North Carolina shelf. Available time series of surface meteorological forcing, including waves, winds, and heat fluxes, as well as underwater profiles of temperature, salinity, and horizontal velocity, were found suitable for constraining and testing numerical models in realistic environmental scenarios of the coastal ocean. The Navy Coastal Ocean Model was tested in a vertical 1‐D mode with a suite of previously incorporated subgrid turbulence closure models. Modeled output of turbulent quantities, such as the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate, were evaluated against comparable turbulence observations from a bottom mounted acoustic velocity profiler and a glider mounted turbulent shear probe. The results demonstrate a steady incremental skill increase among available turbulence closure models over several decades of their development, however the correlation with observed turbulence remains weak. The analysis of remaining model errors identified a need to add wave‐dependence to the air‐sea momentum flux formulation to account for waves that are out of balance or misaligned with the wind.
Modulation of Wintertime Canopy Urban Heat Island (CUHI) Intensity in Beijing by Synoptic Weather Pattern in Planetary Boundary Layer
Authors: Yang Yuanjian , Guo Min , Ren Guoyu , Liu Shuhong , Zong Lian , Zhang Yanhao , Zheng Zuofang , Miao Yucong , Zhang Ying
Published: April 2022

Studying the spatiotemporal variations of the urban heat island (UHI) effect and its cause is important towards understanding urban climate change, planning and green development, and disaster mitigation. In this paper, by using surface observations and reanalysis data with objective classification of synoptic weather patterns (SWPs), we analyze the associations between canopy UHI intensity (CUHI) and SWPs in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and their potential drivers during wintertime of the period 2012–2017. Six dominant types of SWP are identified as follows: In the case of Types 3, 4, and 6, weak high‐pressure systems exist to the south of Beijing, resulting in weak southerly winds with low PBL height, large cloud coverage and high relative humidity (RH). These conditions are generally conducive to a strengthening of the CUHII. In contrast, under Types 1, 2, and 5, high‐pressure systems are located to the northwest of Beijing, and the associated strong northwesterly flows of dry and cold air strengthen the boundary layer mixing process, resulting in large wind speed and low RH. This is conducive to a weakening of the CUHII. In general, our work reveals the impacts of SWPs on the strength of CUHII mainly via the modulation of local weather conditions at diurnal and interannual scales, while spatial pattern of CUHII is largely dominated by local climate zones. Our findings have implications for CUHII forecasts, as well as impact assessments and policymaking in the context of UHI‐related energy conservation in winter over high‐density urban areas on the synoptic scale.
The Heavy Particulate Matter Pollution During the COVID‐19 Lockdown Period in the Guanzhong Basin, China
Authors: Li Xia , Bei Naifang , Wu Jiarui , Liu Suixin , Wang Qiyuan , Tian Jie , Liu Lang , Wang Ruonan , Li Guohui
Published: April 2022

Nationwide restrictions on human activities (lockdown) in China since 23 January 2020, to control the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID‐19), has provided an opportunity to evaluate the effect of emission mitigation on particulate matter (PM) pollution. The WRF‐Chem simulations of persistent heavy PM pollution episodes from 20 January to 14 February 2020, in the Guanzhong Basin (GZB), northwest China, reveal that large‐scale emission reduction of primary pollutants has not substantially improved the air quality during the COVID‐19 lockdown period. Simultaneous reduction of primary precursors during the lockdown period only decreases the near‐surface PM2.5 mass concentration by 11.6% (12.6 μg m−3), but increases ozone (O3) concentration by 9.2% (5.5 μg m−3) in the GZB. The primary organic aerosol and nitrate are the major contributor to the decreased PM2.5 in the GZB, with the reduction of 28.0% and 21.8%, respectively, followed by EC (10.1%) and ammonium (7.2%). The increased atmospheric oxidizing capacity by the O3 enhancement facilitates the secondary aerosol (SA) formation in the GZB, increasing secondary organic aerosol and sulphate by 6.5% and 3.3%, respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity experiments suggest that combined emission reduction of NOX and VOCs following the ratio of 1:1 is conducive to lowering the wintertime SA and O3 concentration and further alleviating the PM pollution in the GZB.
Absorbing Aerosol Choices Influences Precipitation Changes Across Future Scenarios
Authors: McCoy Isabel L. , Vogt Mika A. , Wood Robert
Published: April 2022

Future precipitation changes are controlled by the atmospheric energy budget, with temperature, water vapor, and absorbing aerosols playing dominant roles in driving radiative changes. Atmospheric energy budgets are calculated for different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways using ScenarioMIP projections from Phase 6 of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project and are used to quantify the influence of 21st century aerosol cleanup on precipitation. Absorbing aerosol influences on shortwave absorption are isolated from the effects of water vapor. Apparent hydrologic sensitivity is ∼40% higher for the Middle of the Road (SSP2‐4.5) scenario with aerosol cleanup than for the Regional Rivalry (SSP3‐7.0) scenario that maintains aerosol. Regionally, cleanup‐induced changes in the atmospheric energy budget are of a similar magnitude to the precipitation increases themselves and are larger than the influence of changes in atmospheric circulation. Policy choices about future absorbing aerosol emissions will therefore have major impacts on global and regional precipitation changes.
Upstream Propagation of Sea‐Level Signals in Fluvio‐Deltaic Environments: Time‐Lags and the Dynamics of the Fluvial Surface
Authors: Kollegger M. , Lorenzo‐Trueba J. , Fernandes A. M. , Singh A. , Abeyta A.
Published: April 2022

Stratigraphic interpretation generally relies upon the assumption that the fluvio‐deltaic surface responds uniformly to sea‐level changes; however, recent theoretical work suggests that changes in its relief and concavity can influence the propagation of sea‐level information upstream and result in geologically long‐lived lags in the system response. We test this theoretical result using measurements from a experimental delta subject to high and low magnitude sea‐level oscillations. In both cases, changes in relief and curvature of the fluvio‐deltaic profile result in the proximal portion of the profile being out of phase with respect to sea‐level cycles, whereas the nearshore regions remain in phase. These results underscore the importance of delayed response to sea‐level variations in the upstream portion of river deltas, often resulting in net erosion during sea‐level rise and potentially complicating the reconstruction of paleo sea‐level from deltaic deposits.
On the Seasonal Cycle of the Statistical Properties of Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Isern‐Fontanet J. , Capet X. , Turiel A. , Olmedo E. , González‐Haro C.
Published: April 2022

The contribution of ocean fronts to the properties and temporal evolution of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) structure functions have been investigated using a numerical model of the California Current system. First, the intensity of fronts have been quantified by using singularity exponents. Then, leaning on the multifractal theory of turbulence, we show that the departure of the scaling of the structure functions from a straight line, known as anomalous scaling, depends on the intensity of the strongest fronts. These fronts, at their turn, are closely related to the seasonal change of intensity of the coastal upwelling characteristics of this area. Our study points to the need to correctly reproduce the intensity of the strongest fronts and, consequently, properly model processes such as coastal upwelling in order to reproduce SST statistics in ocean models.
On the North‐South Asymmetry of Co‐Seismic Ionospheric Disturbances During the 16 September 2015 Illapel M8.3 Earthquake
Authors: Meng Xing , Ravanelli Michela , Komjathy Attila , Verkhoglyadova Olga P.
Published: April 2022

The Mw8.3 Illapel earthquake on 16 September 2015 induced ionospheric disturbances detected by Global Positioning System ground‐based total electron content (TEC) observations, which display much stronger TEC perturbations above the northern region of the epicenter than above the southern region. To investigate the cause of the asymmetry, we extend the Wave Perturbation—Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model from using a point source representing the epicentral crustal movement to using an extended source including the ground motion caused by propagating seismic waves. The modeling results reveal that on average, 31% of the north‐south asymmetry in the TEC perturbation magnitude is caused by the different ground motion strengths northward and southward of the epicenter, while the remaining 69% is attributed to the background ionospheric state including the magnetic field. In particular, the spatial variation of the background electron density and the magnetic field inclination angle contributes comparably to the north‐south asymmetry.
Neuromonitoring, neuroimaging, and neurodevelopmental follow-up practices in neonatal congenital heart disease: a European survey
Authors: Feldmann Maria , Hagmann Cornelia , de Vries Linda , Disselhoff Vera , Pushparajah Kuberan , Logeswaran Thushiha , Jansen Nicolaas J. G. , Breur Johannes M. P. J. , Knirsch Walter , Benders Manon , Counsell Serena , Reich Bettina , Latal Beatrice
Published: April 2022

Background

Brain injury and neurodevelopmental impairment remain a concern in children with complex congenital heart disease (CHD). A practice guideline on neuromonitoring, neuroimaging, and neurodevelopmental follow-up in CHD patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is lacking. The aim of this survey was to systematically evaluate the current practice in centers across Europe.

Methods

An online-based structured survey was sent to pediatric cardiac surgical centers across Europe between April 2019 and June 2020. Results were summarized by descriptive statistics.

Results

Valid responses were received by 25 European centers, of which 23 completed the questionnaire to the last page. Near-infrared spectroscopy was the most commonly used neuromonitoring modality used in 64, 80, and 72% preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively, respectively. Neuroimaging was most commonly performed by means of cranial ultrasound in 96 and 84% preoperatively and postoperatively, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging was obtained in 72 and 44% preoperatively and postoperatively, respectively, but was predominantly reserved for clinically symptomatic patients (preoperatively 67%, postoperatively 64%). Neurodevelopmental follow-up was implemented in 40% of centers and planned in 24%.

Conclusions

Heterogeneity in perioperative neuromonitoring and neuroimaging practice in CHD in centers across Europe is large. The need for neurodevelopmental follow-up has been recognized. A clear practice guideline is urgently needed.

Impact

There is large heterogeneity in neuromonitoring, neuroimaging, and neurodevelopmental follow-up practices among European centers caring for neonates with complex congenital heart disease.

This study provides a systematic evaluation of the current neuromonitoring, neuroimaging, and neurodevelopmental follow-up practice in Europe.

The results of this survey may serve as the basis for developing a clear practice guideline that could help to early detect and prevent neurological and neurodevelopmental sequelae in neonates with complex congenital heart disease.
Autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma patients with chronic kidney disease: a safe and effective option
Authors: Lazana I. , Floro L. , Christmas T. , Shah S. , Bramham K. , Cuthill K. , Bassett P. , Schey S. , Kazmi M. , Potter V. , Pagliuca A. , Streetly M. , Benjamin R.
Published: April 2022

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a frequent complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and is associated with adverse outcomes. The use of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has improved disease outcomes, however, the safety and efficacy of ASCT in patients with CKD has been the subject of debate. To investigate this, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 370 MM patients who underwent their first ASCT, including those with mild, moderate and severe CKD as well as normal renal function at the time of transplant. No significant difference in ASCT-related mortality, Progression-Free or Overall Survival was noted between the different renal function groups. A decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 1-year of >8.79% was associated with poorer overall survival (p < 0.001). The results of this study show that ASCT is a safe and effective option for myeloma patients with CKD, including those on dialysis. Patients who demonstrate renal deterioration at 1-year post-transplant should be closely monitored as this is a predictor for poor survival.
Identification of a novel mechanism for reversal of doxorubicin-induced chemotherapy resistance by TXNIP in triple-negative breast cancer via promoting reactive oxygen-mediated DNA damage
Authors: Chen Yiting , Feng Xueping , Yuan Yuhao , Jiang Jiahui , Zhang Peihe , Zhang Bin
Published: April 2022

Given that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks specific receptors (estrogen and progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and cannot be treated with endocrine therapy, chemotherapy has remained the mainstay of treatment. Drug resistance is reportedly the main obstacle to the clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) in this patient population. Accordingly, screening molecules related to chemoresistance and studying their specific mechanisms has clinical significance for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in TNBC patients. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a metabolism-related protein that plays a tumor suppressor role in various malignant tumors; however, the specific role of TXNIP in tumor chemoresistance has not been reported. In the present study, we explored the potential molecular mechanism of TXNIP in the chemoresistance of TNBC for the first time. The results showed that TXNIP inhibited the proliferation of TNBC drug-resistant cells and promoted apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, TXNIP promoted the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the accumulation of DNA damage caused by DOX and increased γ-H2AX levels in a time and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ROS scavenger pretreatment could block DNA damage induced by TXNIP and restore the resistance of TNBC resistant cells to DOX to a certain extent. In addition, we found that the small molecule c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 promoted TXNIP expression, increased ROS synthesis in cells, and could enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs in vitro and in vivo when combined with DOX. These results indicated that c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 could induce TXNIP upregulation in TNBC drug-resistant cells, and the upregulated TXNIP increased the accumulation of ROS-dependent DNA damage, thereby decreasing chemotherapy resistance of TNBC. Our findings reveal a new mechanism of mediating drug resistance and provide a new drug combination strategy to overcome DOX resistance in TNBC.
Group-level stability but individual variability of neurocognitive status after awake resections of right frontal IDH-mutated glioma
Authors: Barberis Marion , Poisson Isabelle , Facque Valentine , Letrange Sophie , Prevost-Tarabon Cécile , Houdart Emmanuel , Froelich Sébastien , Levy Richard , Mandonnet Emmanuel
Published: April 2022

Awake surgery for low-grade gliomas is currently considered the best procedure to improve the extent of resection and guarantee a "worth living life" for patients, meaning avoiding not only motor but also cognitive deficits. However, tumors located in the right hemisphere, especially in the right frontal lobe, are still rarely operated on in awake condition; one of the reasons possibly being that there is little information in the literature describing the rates and nature of long-lasting neuropsychological deficits following resection of right frontal glioma. To investigate long-term cognitive deficits after awake surgery in right frontal IDH-mutated glioma. We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive series of awake surgical resections between 2012 and 2020 for right frontal IDH-mutated glioma. We studied the patients' subjective complaints and objective neuropsychological evaluations, both before and after surgery. Our results were then put in perspective with the literature. Twenty surgical cases (including 5 cases of redo surgery) in eighteen patients (medium age: 42.5 [range 26–58]) were included in the study. The median preoperative volume was 37 cc; WHO grading was II, III and IV in 70%, 20%, and 10% of cases, respectively. Preoperatively, few patients had related subjective cognitive or behavioral impairment, while evaluations revealed mild deficits in 45% of cases, most often concerning executive functions, attention, working memory and speed processing. Immediate postoperative evaluations showed severe deficits of executive functions in 75% of cases but also attentional deficits (65%), spatial neglect (60%) and behavioral disturbances (apathy, aprosodia/amimia, emotional sensitivity, anosognosia). Four months after surgery, although psychometric z-scores were unchanged at the group level, individual evaluations showed a slight decrease of performance in 9/20 cases for at least one of the following domains: executive functions, speed processing, attention, semantic cognition, social cognition. Our results are generally consistent with those of the literature, confirming that the right frontal lobe is a highly eloquent area and suggesting the importance of operating these patients in awake conditions.
Tissue resident memory T cells inhabit the deep human conjunctiva
Authors: Arnous Racha , Arshad Sana , Sandgren Kerrie , Cunningham Anthony L. , Carnt Nicole , White Andrew
Published: April 2022

Mucosal linings of the body, including the conjunctiva, are enriched in tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) whose defining feature is their continual tissue protection that does not rely on migration to lymphoid organs to elicit immune responses. Hitherto, conjunctival TRMs have only been identified in the superficial epithelium. This work aims to develop a more complete understanding of the conjunctival immunological capacity by investigating the presence of TRMs within the deeper, more stable layers of the healthy human conjunctiva. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD69 and HLA-DR on bulbar conjunctival biopsies obtained from 7 healthy adults (age range = 32–77 years; females = 4), we identified CD69+TRM subsets in all layers of the human conjunctiva: the superficial epithelium, the basal epithelium, the adenoid, and the fibrous layers. Interestingly, the adenoid layer showed significantly higher densities of both CD4 and CD8 TRMs when compared to the fibrous layer and conjunctival epithelia. Additionally, CD4 TRMs predominated significantly over CD8 TRMs in the adenoid layer. The abundance of deep conjunctival CD69+TRMs within the healthy human may suggest the presence of defence mechanisms capable of inducing long-term immunogenic memory. Understanding this spatial distribution of conjunctival CD69+TRMs is essential to improving mucosal vaccine design.
Identification of osteoporosis using ensemble deep learning model with panoramic radiographs and clinical covariates
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Fujimura Ai , Taguchi Akira , Yamamoto Norio , Kitamura Akira , Goto Ryosuke , Nakano Keisuke , Takabatake Kiyofumi , Kawai Hotaka , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Furuki Yoshihiko
Published: April 2022

Osteoporosis is becoming a global health issue due to increased life expectancy. However, it is difficult to detect in its early stages owing to a lack of discernible symptoms. Hence, screening for osteoporosis with widely used dental panoramic radiographs would be very cost-effective and useful. In this study, we investigate the use of deep learning to classify osteoporosis from dental panoramic radiographs. In addition, the effect of adding clinical covariate data to the radiographic images on the identification performance was assessed. For objective labeling, a dataset containing 778 images was collected from patients who underwent both skeletal-bone-mineral density measurement and dental panoramic radiography at a single general hospital between 2014 and 2020. Osteoporosis was assessed from the dental panoramic radiographs using convolutional neural network (CNN) models, including EfficientNet-b0, -b3, and -b7 and ResNet-18, -50, and -152. An ensemble model was also constructed with clinical covariates added to each CNN. The ensemble model exhibited improved performance on all metrics for all CNNs, especially accuracy and AUC. The results show that deep learning using CNN can accurately classify osteoporosis from dental panoramic radiographs. Furthermore, it was shown that the accuracy can be improved using an ensemble model with patient covariates.
Self-assembly of amphiphilic amino acid derivatives for biomedical applications
Authors: Wang Tengfei , Ménard-Moyon Cécilia , Bianco Alberto
Published: April 2022

This review summarizes the recent advances on self-assembled nanomaterials made of single amphiphilic amino acid derivatives. The relationship between molecular design, supramolecular structures and biomedical applications are discussed.
Catalyst-free tandem reaction of 2,2′-diaminodiphenyldisulfides, sulfinic acids and aromatic aldehydes: an approach to synthesize unsymmetric thiosulfonates and benzothiazoles
Authors: Li Ziyang , Zhou Chao , Ye Ruyi , Meng Ling-Guo
Published: April 2022

A facile synthetic method for the simultaneous preparation of unsymmetric thiosulfonates and 2-arylbenzothiazoles was developed. This tandem reaction was accomplished under catalyst-free conditions with good atom economy.
Bacterial adhesion properties of parylene C and D deposited on polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Han Bing , Wang He , Bing Wei , Jin Huichao
Published: April 2022

Bacterial adhesion properties of parylene C and D coated polydimethylsiloxane were investigated in this study.
Sensitive detection of fusion transcripts with padlock probe-based continuous cascade amplification (P-CCA)
Authors: Chen Yutong , Su Fengxia , Cheng Yongqiang , He Xiaofei , Li Zhengping
Published: April 2022

A padlock probe-based continuous cascade amplification (P-CCA) is proposed for assaying fusion transcripts with high sensitivity and specificity.
Growth condition effects on the structure evolution and electrical properties of low-melting-point bismuth films
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhang Jun , Qi Yang
Published: April 2022

Based on the growth conditions, an expanded structural zone model (SZM) is proposed for polycrystalline low-melting semimetal Bi films.
Anisotropic bubble defects and stress distribution in LuAG single-crystal fibers grown by the laser-heated pedestal growth method
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Yin Yuqing , Wang Tao , Wang Nan , Zhang Jian , Jia Zhitai , Tao Xutang
Published: April 2022

The effects of orientation and growth chamber pressure on bubbles and stress distribution of LuAG SCFs grown by the LHPG method were studied.
Luminescent uranium–thiophene dicarboxylate frameworks supported by transition-metal–organic cations: dimensionality and luminescence control in uranyl speciation
Authors: He Pei-Pei , Xu Qiao-Yan , Li Shao-Heng , Wei Su-Mu , Li Hao-Hong
Published: April 2022

The dimensionality of uranyl–organic frameworks can range from a neutral 1-D chain or a 2-D planar non-interpenetrated honeycomb layer to twofold interpenetrated (6,3) sheets, and complete or part quenching of uranyl luminescence can be achieved.
[Ru(N∧N∧N)2-Ce]-based framework for photocatalytic sulfide oxidation and hydrogen production
Authors: Yu Yong-Hui , Huang Sheng-Li , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: April 2022

The visible-light-responsive Ru(N∧N∧N)2-unit endows Ce frameworks with photocatalytic activities for sulfide oxidation and hydrogen production.
Insight into the role of reduced graphene oxide in enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in disordered carbon nitride
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Z. , Maity Partha , Mohammed Omar F. , Gascon Jorge
Published: April 2022

This article provides photophysical insight into how reduced graphene oxide when incorporated into d-CN skeleton can overcome the limiting factors for hydrogen evolution.
Representing globally accurate reactive potential energy surfaces with complex topography by combining Gaussian process regression and neural networks
Authors: Yang Zijiang , Chen Hanghang , Chen Maodu
Published: April 2022

A scheme for representing globally accurate reactive potential energy surfaces by combining Gaussian process regression and neural networks is proposed.
Understanding the bulk and interfacial structures of ternary and binary deep eutectic solvents with a constant potential method: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Moradi Kayvan , Rahimi Sirvan , Ebrahimi Sadollah , Salimi Abdollah
Published: April 2022

In the last decade, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising electrolytes in supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries due to their unique properties, wide electrochemical windows, low viscosity, and high ionic conductivity.
GeSe photovoltaics: doping, interfacial layer and devices
Authors: Smiles Matthew J. , Shalvey Thomas P. , Thomas Luke , Hobson Theodore D. C. , Jones Leanne A. H. , Phillips Laurie J. , Don Christopher , Beesley Thomas , Thakur Pardeep K. , Lee Tien-Lin , Durose Ken , Major Jonathan D. , Veal Tim D.
Published: April 2022

Ag-doped GeSe has been successfully grown and compared to undoped GeSe with XRD, photoemissions, ICP-OES and CV. The undoped and Ag-doped GeSe were included in PV devices with the champion device structure and J–V curve shown.
Reconstruction and validation of entire virus model with complete genome from mixed resolution cryo-EM density
Authors: Farafonov Vladimir S. , Stich Michael , Nerukh Dmitry
Published: April 2022

We, for the first time, reconstruct from the published incomplete cryo-EM density a complete MS2 virus at atomistic resolution, that is, the capsid with the genome, and validate the result by all-atom molecular dynamics with explicit water.
Oxidative enzyme activation of cellulose substrates for surface modification
Authors: Solhi Laleh , Li James , Li Joyce , Heyns Nathan M. I. , Brumer Harry
Published: April 2022

Lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases can be harnessed for the chemo-enzymatic functionalisation of cellulose materials.
Mainstreaming microfluidic microbial fuel cells: a biocompatible membrane grown in situ improves performance and versatility
Authors: Gong Lingling , Abbaszadeh Amirdehi Mehran , Sonawane Jayesh M. , Jia Nan , Torres de Oliveira Leon , Greener Jesse
Published: April 2022

Bucking the trend toward membraneless microbial fuel cells (MFC), a new approach to grow biocompatible separation membranes between electrodes is demonstrated. The result is the best performing system for pure culture Geobacter sulfurreducens.
Quinoxaline derivatives as a promising scaffold for breast cancer treatment
Authors: Ezz Eldin Rogy R. , Al-Karmalawy Ahmed A. , Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal , Saleh Marwa A.
Published: April 2022

Different mechanisms of action for the quinoxaline moiety to fight breast cancer.
Asymmetric hydrogenation of TIPS-protected oximes with chiral boranes
Authors: Yu Kuai , Feng Xiangqing , Du Haifeng
Published: April 2022

A chiral borane-catalyzed metal-free asymmetric hydrogenation of TIPS-protected oximes has been successfully realized to furnish the desired hydroxyamine derivatives without the N–O bond cleavage in high yields with moderate ees.
Nonionic star polymers with upper critical solution temperature in aqueous solutions
Authors: Aliakseyeu Aliaksei , Hlushko Raman , Sukhishvili Svetlana A.
Published: April 2022

Novel UCST star poly(2-ureido methacrylates) synthesized via the ARGET ATRP technique showed enhanced trapping abilities of model drug molecules.
Rational design of a promising oxychalcogenide infrared nonlinear optical crystal
Authors: Cheng Yansong , Wu Hongping , Yu Hongwei , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng
Published: April 2022

Based on heteroanionic structure engineering, the first heteroanionic thiostannate has been successfully synthesized. It is a promising IR-NLO material exhibiting moderate second-harmonic generation and wide IR transmission.
Zwitterionic iodonium species afford halogen bond-based porous organic frameworks
Authors: Soldatova Natalia S. , Postnikov Pavel S. , Ivanov Daniil M. , Semyonov Oleg V. , Kukurina Olga S. , Guselnikova Olga , Yamauchi Yusuke , Wirth Thomas , Zhdankin Viktor V. , Yusubov Mekhman S. , Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Resnati Giuseppe , Kukushkin Vadim Yu.
Published: April 2022

Zwitterionic iodonium derivatives function as bifunctional tectons affording single-component 3D halogen-bonded organic frameworks (XOFs) exhibiting reversible H2O adsorption/desorption.
On-demand gelation of ionic liquids using photoresponsive organometallic gelators
Authors: Sumitani Ryo , Yamanaka Masamichi , Mochida Tomoyuki
Published: April 2022

We developed organometallic complexes that release low-molecular-weight gelators upon UV photoirradiation; various ionic liquids can be photogelated by using them.
Identification, function, and biological relevance of POGLUT2 and POGLUT3
Authors: Williamson Daniel B. , Haltiwanger Robert S.
Published: April 2022

O-glycosylation of Epidermal Growth Factor-like (EGF) repeats plays crucial roles in protein folding, trafficking and function. The Notch extracellular domain has been used as a model to study these mechanisms due to its many O-glycosylated EGF repeats. Three enzymes were previously known to O-glycosylate Notch EGF repeats: Protein O-Glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1), Protein O-Fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), and EGF Domain Specific O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase (EOGT). All of these modifications affect Notch activity. Recently, POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 were identified as two novel O-glucosyltransferases that modify a few Notch EGF repeats at sites distinct from those modified by POGLUT1. Comparison of these modification sites revealed a putative consensus sequence which predicted modification of many extracellular matrix proteins including fibrillins (FBNs) and Latent TGFβ-binding proteins (LTBPs). Glycoproteomic analysis revealed that approximately half of the 47 EGF repeats in FBN1 and FBN2, and half of the 18 EGF repeats in LTBP1, are modified by POGLUT2 and/or POGLUT3. Cellular assays showed that loss of modifications by POGLUT2 and/or POGLUT3 significantly reduces FBN1 secretion. There is precedent for EGF modifications to affect protein–protein interactions, as has been demonstrated by research of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 modifications on Notch. Here we discuss the identification and characterization of POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 and the ongoing research that continues to elucidate the biological significance of these novel enzymes.
Acoustic Change Over Time in Spastic and/or Flaccid Dysarthria in Motor Neuron Diseases
Authors: Lévêque Nathalie , Slis Anneke , Lancia Leonardo , Bruneteau Gaëlle , Fougeron Cécile
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

This study aims to investigate acoustic change over time as biomarkers to differentiate among spastic–flaccid dysarthria associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spastic dysarthria associated with primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), flaccid dysarthria associated with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and to explore how these acoustic parameters are affected by dysarthria severity.

Method:

Thirty-three ALS patients with mixed flaccid–spastic dysarthria, 17 PLS patients with pure spastic dysarthria, 18 SBMA patients with pure flaccid dysarthria, and 70 controls, all French speakers, were included in the study. Speakers produced vowel–glide sequences targeting different vocal tract shape changes. The mean and coefficient of variation of the total squared change of mel frequency cepstral coefficients were used to capture the degree and variability of acoustic changes linked to vocal tract modifications over time. Differences in duration of acoustic events were also measured.

Results:

All pathological groups showed significantly less acoustic change compared to controls, reflecting less acoustic contrast in sequences. Spastic and mixed spastic–flaccid dysarthric speakers showed smaller acoustic changes and slower sequence production compared to flaccid dysarthria. For dysarthria subtypes associated with a spastic component, reduced degree of acoustic change was also associated with dysarthria severity.

Conclusions:

The acoustic parameters partially differentiated among the dysarthria subtypes in relation to motor neuron diseases. While similar acoustic patterns were found in spastic–flaccid and spastic dysarthria, crucial differences were found between these two subtypes relating to variability. The acoustic patterns were much more variable in ALS. This method forms a promising clinical tool as a diagnostic marker of articulatory impairment, even at mild stage of dysarthria progression in all subtypes.
Theoretical wind clumping predictions from 2D LDI models of O-star winds at different metallicities
Authors: Driessen F. A. , Sundqvist J. O. , Dagore A.
Published: April 2022

Context.Hot, massive (OB) stars experience strong line-driven stellar winds and mass loss. As the majority of efficient driving lines are metallic, the amount of wind driving and mass loss is dependent on the stellar metallicityZ.In addition, line-driven winds are intrinsically inhomogeneous and clumpy. However, to date, neither theoretical nor empirical studies of line-driven winds have investigated how such wind clumping may also depend onZ.

Aims.We theoretically investigated the degree of wind clumping due to the line-deshadowing instability (LDI) as a function ofZ

Methods.We performed two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the LDI with an assumed one-dimensional radiation line force for a grid of O-star wind models with fixed luminosity, but with different metal contents by varying the accumulative line strengthQ̄describing the total ensemble of driving lines.

Results.We find that, for this fixed luminosity, the amount of wind clumping decreases with metallicity. The decrease is clearly seen in the statistical properties of our simulations, but is nonetheless rather weak; a simple power-law fit for the dependence of the clumping factorfcl≡ 〈ρ2〉 / 〈ρ〉2on metallicity yieldsfcl∝Z0.15±0.01. This implies that empirically derived power-law dependencies of mass-loss rateṀon metallicity – which were previously inferred from spectral diagnostics effectively depending onṀ√fclbut without having any constraints onfcl(Z) – should be only modestly altered by clumping. We expect that this prediction can be directly tested using new data from theHubbleSpace Telescope Ultraviolet Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) project.
Theory of solar oscillations in the inertial frequency range: Linear modes of the convection zone
Authors: Bekki Yuto , Cameron Robert H. , Gizon Laurent
Published: April 2022

Context. Several types of global-scale inertial modes of oscillation have been observed on the Sun. These include the equatorial Rossby modes, critical-latitude modes, and high-latitude modes. However, the columnar convective modes (predicted by simulations and also known as banana cells or thermal Rossby waves) remain elusive.

Aims. We aim to investigate the influence of turbulent diffusivities, non-adiabatic stratification, differential rotation, and a latitudinal entropy gradient on the linear global modes of the rotating solar convection zone.

Methods. We numerically solved for the eigenmodes of a rotating compressible fluid inside a spherical shell. The model takes into account the solar stratification, turbulent diffusivities, differential rotation (determined by helioseismology), and the latitudinal entropy gradient. As a starting point, we restricted ourselves to a superadiabaticity and turbulent diffusivities that are uniform in space. We identified modes in the inertial frequency range, including the columnar convective modes as well as modes of a mixed character. The corresponding mode dispersion relations and eigenfunctions are computed for azimuthal orders of m ≤ 16.

Results. The three main results are as follows. Firstly, we find that, for m ≳ 5, the radial dependence of the equatorial Rossby modes with no radial node (n = 0) is radically changed from the traditional expectation (rm) for turbulent diffusivities ≳1012 cm2 s−1. Secondly, we find mixed modes, namely, modes that share properties of the equatorial Rossby modes with one radial node (n = 1) and the columnar convective modes, which are not substantially affected by turbulent diffusion. Thirdly, we show that the m = 1 high-latitude mode in the model is consistent with the solar observations when the latitudinal entropy gradient corresponding to a thermal wind balance is included (baroclinically unstable mode).

Conclusions. To our knowledge, this work is the first realistic eigenvalue calculation of the global modes of the rotating solar convection zone. This calculation reveals a rich spectrum of modes in the inertial frequency range, which can be directly compared to the observations. In turn, the observed modes can inform us about the solar convection zone.
Multidisziplinäres Team zur Begleitung von Patienten mit Fatigue gefragt
Authors: Haag Stefanie
Published: April 2022

Obwohl die Fatigue bei Patienten, die sich regelmäßig einer Dialyse unterziehen, als gravierendes Gesundheitsproblem bekannt ist, wird dieses Symptom oft unterschätzt und unterbehandelt. Diese qualitative Studie zielte darauf ab, eine bessere Wahrnehmung bei Behandlern von Dialysepatienten zu erlangen. Durch semistrukturierte Interviews und induktive thematische Analysen konnte festgestellt werden, dass Fatigue ein schwer greifbares Symptom ist und der Fokus der Behandler auf dem medizinisch-technischen Bereich liegt. Aufgrund des regelmäßigen Kontaktes der Pflegekräfte zu den Patienten spielen sie eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Erkennung von Fatigue und bei der Verbesserung der Lebensqualität.
50. EDTNA/ERCA-Konferenz vom 10.–13.09.2022 in Rotterdam
Authors: Nipshagen Sabine
Published: April 2022

Vom 10.–13.09.2022 findet unsere Konferenz in Rotterdam (Niederlande) im Internationalen Konferenzcenter de Doelen statt – sozusagen vor unserer Haustür und gut erreichbar (Abb. 1).