bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Agger nasi DCR: a new technique for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Balsalobre Leonardo , Dutra André Zanette , Nogueira Maria Helena Pupo , Bison Simone , Stamm Aldo
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the gold-standard procedure for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction, aiming to open the lacrimal sac directly into the nasal cavity and thus re-establish drainage of the tear pathways. The present study proposes a new surgical technique that relates the agger nasi cell (AN) to the lacrimal sac and advocated for its systematic opening.
Methods
We analyzed 36 patients who underwent DCR using the AN as a key landmark over a 2-year period. The criteria for assessment of surgical success were patency of the ostium that communicates the lacrimal sac with the nasal cavity and absence of significant epiphora according to the Munk scale.
Results
Patency of the drainage ostium was observed in the late postoperative period in 100% of cases. Epiphora were absent in 86.48% of those cases followed for at least 6 months after surgery.
Conclusion
Agger nasi dacryocystorhinostomy (AN-DCR) involves opening the AN as a landmark for wide and complete exposure of the lacrimal sac. This approach is a safe and highly effective method that yields good postoperative outcomes.
Multi-platform deep sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 lineages variation reveal immune escape and transmission
Authors: Lang Xingying , Wang Yue , Luan Mingchun , BO Zhijian , Wang Huan , Teng Xue , Meng Xuehong , Niu Shumin , Cui Xiaoman , Xia Nan
Published: March 2024

Objectives
Dominant strains had been replaced by SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 lineages, and spread widely in a short period of time. However, accurate detection method and reason for rapid spread have not been clarified.
Methods
Ion Torrent, Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platforms were used to detect whole genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in Dalian CDC from December 2023 to January 2024.
Results
Ion Torrent and Illumina platform had missing sites, but optimized Ion Torrent and Nanopore platform covered all detected sites. Ion Torrent platform had higher sensitivity than others and was more suitable for short-read length sequencing. However, primers need to be optimized in time. Illumina platform was also suitable for short-read length and prone to site drop out. Nanopore platform was more suitable for long read-length sequencing and had high compatibility for more variation site. Furthermore, compared JN.1 lineages with BA.2.86, multiple specific variation sites were detected for the first time in non-S protein region.
Conclusion
Timely optimized primers and supplement variation sites will provide a more effective mean for monitoring and controlling the prevalence of JN.1 lineages in advance, and the discovery of specific variation sites may reveal the reasons for immune escape and rapid transmission.
Study Protocol Protocol for the Chengdu Longitudinal Cohort Study on vNOTES in Treating Benign Gynecologic Indications (the CLOCKBEGIN study): a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Feng Dan , Liu Tianjiao , Li Xin , Huang Lu , Xiao Li , He Li , Lin Yonghong
Published: March 2024

Background
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a series of novel and controversial minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approaches. NOTES performed in a transvaginal fashion (vNOTES) reportedly has many advantages over other NOTES approaches and is preferentially used for treating benign gynecologic conditions. However, the lack of detailed, large-scale perioperative and long-term postoperative data to support the feasibility and safety of vNOTES, especially on its impact on patients’ postoperative outcomes, remains contentious and may impede its acceptance in gynecology.
Methods
The Chengdu Longitudinal Cohort Study on vNOTES in Treating Benign Gynecologic Indications (the CLOCKBEGIN study) is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that will recruit about 3,400 gynecologic patients with benign indications who underwent vNOTES or transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery for oviduct salpingostomy, tubal ligation, salpingectomy, ovarian cystectomy, adnexectomy, hysterectomy, or myomectomy. After obtaining the participants’ consent, a perioperative assessment and a 5-year postoperative follow-up with eight visits will be conducted. Data collection will be performed perioperatively and postoperatively at designated time points, e.g., 1st, 2nd, and 3rd postoperative day; 1st, 3rd, and 6th month; and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th year after the surgery. The baseline information collection will include subjects’ sociodemographics and their health- and gestation-related history obtained from the Hospital Information System and face-to-face interviews. As planned, perioperative and postoperative outcomes will be examined based on intraoperative assessment, in-patient clinical observation, and follow-up WeChat questionnaires or clinic services. Among these outcomes, long-term postoperative results, such as sexual function, pregnancy, vaginal delivery, and incisional hernia, will be the focus.
Discussion
The CLOCKBEGIN study aims to assess the perioperative and long-term postoperative outcomes of vNOTES in the treatment of major benign gynecologic conditions compared to TU-LESS, focusing on patients’ sexual function, pregnancy, vaginal delivery, and incisional hernia. This large cohort, two-arm, prospective CLOCKBEGIN study, incorporating a comprehensive long-term follow-up strategy and employing a double-blinded randomized RCT design, has the potential to furnish substantial and robust clinical evidence for refining and establishing guidelines for gynecologic vNOTES procedures. This initiative is also expected to enhance patients' perceptions and acceptance of this innovative minimally invasive surgical approach.
Trial registration number:
ChiCTROOC- 2200059282 (registered on April 28th, 2022)
Anisotropic, Sparse, Physics-based, and Interpretable Neural Networks for PDEs
Authors: Ramabathiran Amuthan Arunkumar , Ramachandran Prabhu
Published: March 2024

There has been a growing interest in the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to solve Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Despite the promise that such approaches hold, there are various aspects where they could be improved. Two such shortcomings are (i) their computational inefficiency relative to classical numerical methods, and (ii) the non-interpretability of a trained DNN model. In this work we present ASPINN, an anisotropic extension of our earlier work called SPINN--Sparse, Physics-informed, and Interpretable Neural Networks--to solve PDEs that addresses both these issues. ASPINNs generalize radial basis function networks. We demonstrate using a variety of examples involving elliptic and hyperbolic PDEs that the special architecture we propose is more efficient than generic DNNs, while at the same time being directly interpretable. Further, they improve upon the SPINN models we proposed earlier in that fewer nodes are require to capture the solution using ASPINN than using SPINN, thanks to the anisotropy of the local zones of influence of each node. The interpretability of ASPINN translates to a ready visualization of their weights and biases, thereby yielding more insight into the nature of the trained model. This in turn provides a systematic procedure to improve the architecture based on the quality of the computed solution. ASPINNs thus serve as an effective bridge between classical numerical algorithms and modern DNN based methods to solve PDEs. In the process, we also streamline the training of ASPINNs into a form that is closer to that of supervised learning algorithms.
Taboos no longer exist here: Factors undermining value and use of traditional ecological knowledge in conservation and management of savanna ecosystem services in South Africa
Authors: Moloise Sibongile D , Matamanda Abraham R , Bhanye Johannes I
Published: March 2024

This study analyses factors undermining the use and value of savanna ecosystem services. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with community leaders and community members, focus group discussions and observations. Findings reveal that TEK has witnessed decline in utility and esteem. This decline is attributed to the encroachment of modernity and Western scientific paradigms and modern religious influences, the dwindling transmission of oral traditions and waning interest among younger generations. Albeit these challenges, opportunities exist to bridge the chasm between TEK and modernity, thus forging pathways that ensure the enduring relevance of TEK in supporting biodiversity and indigenous communities’ well-being.
Title: Dopamine-refractory restless arms syndrome: a case report
Authors: Moser Ulrich , Westarp Martin Egon
Published: March 2024

Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder characterised by an uncontrollable urge to move the lower limbs, often accompanied by unpleasant sensations. It typically occurs in the evening and at night and improves with exercise. Restless arm syndrome (RAS) mainly affects the arms and rarely the legs. RAS appears to be very rare, as very few cases have been described. However, RAS may be underdiagnosed, especially when symptoms are mild or transient. A supportive feature for the diagnosis of Restless legs/arms Syndrome (RLS/RAS) is evidence of successful dopaminergic therapy.
Case report: This report describes the case of a patient with RAS who failed treatment with L-dopa, dopamine agonists and opioids. Only with the administration of gabapentin was it possible to achieve almost complete freedom from symptoms.
Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware of this rare condition, even if treatment with dopaminergic agonists is unsuccessful. A trial of calcium channel 2 ligands may still prove effective.
A scope systematic review to clarify immune response to tobacco in Buerger
Authors: Ahmadi Khadijeh , Khaghanzadeh Narges , Mirlohi Seyed Reza , Hosseini Seyed Alireza , Satarzadeh Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Background Progressive Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO) is a progressive and segmental inflammatory disorder known as Buerger's disease that affects the medium and small arteries of the upper limbs. The major risk factor for Buerger's disease is cigarettes and tobacco products, which can activate several inflammatory and pre-inflammatory parameters. Methods For this systematic review, based on the accepted criteria of Prisma, we searched from 2017 to 2022 in PubMed, Web of Science, science direct and followed the results of Google Scholar cytokines. We reviewed the literature on these smoking-related immune parameters in Buerger's disease as a potential treatment for this disease. Results In TOA patients, IL-17, RORγt, HMGB1 and RAGE mRNA expression are positively correlated with symptom severity. TLR family is associated with changes in the TOA population as a significant difference in TLR4 in the resting and acute phases. TLR9 may also be responsible for the secretion of IL-8 TNF involves in inflammation, muscle weakness, and pain in TOA. significant difference of IL-33 levels between TOA patients, healthy smokers and non-smokers of this cytokine. Conclusion Our results suggest that Buerger's disease can be considered an autoimmune disease caused by smoking. Buerger increase pro-inflammation markers in TOA and reduce angiogenetic factors. We recommend that pro-inflammatory cytokines should be considered in treatment and diagnosis programs and further research should focus on them.
Managing Economic Uncertainty: Fuzzy Computational Models in International Oil Economy Forecasting
Authors: Zhang Qianqian
Published: March 2024

The use of sophisticated computational models for economic forecasting and decision-making is on the rise. Several studies have compared the Hybridization Adaptive Fuzzy Inference System (HAFIS) which is proposed in this research to traditional approaches; this review looks at them all to show how HAFIS is better in several areas, including precision, flexibility, responsiveness, decision support, and long-term planning. The version's accuracy, responsiveness, flexibility, decision support, and strategic making plans talents are more suitable as the included system evolves in phases. The thorough exam of Economic Uncertainty, which is divided into 3 principal impacts: Geopolitical Events, Market Pressures, and Environmental Factors, is the critical process of HAFIS. All of these items integrate to form the unpredictable surroundings that the oil commercial enterprise works in. Economic facts is notoriously misguided, however that is all treated by means of a mixture of rule bases, fuzzy common sense operations. The complicated Forecasting Model, which includes modern Fuzzy Computational Models, is on the middle of this level and can react dynamically to the various troubles posed by means of economic unpredictability and global marketplace tendencies. The fashions use adaptive procedures and fuzzy logic to decipher complex patterns inside the oil enterprise's complex fabric. The endorsed HAFIS method is portrayed as a complete and flexible technique to the challenges of working inside the unpredictable worldwide oil market. The use of actual-world data within the simulation evaluation proved that HAFIS outperformed extra traditional techniques of predicting. Because of its flexibility and flexibility, HAFIS has the potential to generate accurate projections, making it a doubtlessly beneficial asset for everyone involved inside the oil enterprise. In the end, these studies will be of assistance to professionals working in the oil industry in navigating the complexities of the global oil economic system. This will be accomplished via the development of forecasting methodologies and the demonstration of how to realistically apply such models to actual global situations.
RETRACTED: Magnetic, electronic, half-metallic ferromagnetic and optical properties of YScO 3 (Y = Ni, Pd, and Pt) perovskite : a first principles study
Authors: Kerrai H. , Zaim A. , Kerouad M.
Published: March 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Belondira khorramshahii sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Belondiridae) from Iran
Authors: Naghavi Arezoo , Niknam Gholamreza , Vazifeh Nasir , Mirzaeipour Zahra
Published: March 2024

Belondira khorramshahii sp. n. is described, based on morphological observations and D2-D3 expansion segment of the 28S rRNA analysis, collected from the rhizosphere of Persian oak (Quercus brantii L.) trees in Lorestan province, Iran. The new species is characterized by its medium sized (L = 1.04–1.36 mm) body; lip region width 6.5-8.0 µm, amalgamated, continuous with body counter; presence of distinct labial and post-labial sclerotizations; odontostyle 4.0-5.5 µm long with distinct lumen and aperture, neck 220–260 µm long; pharyngeal expansion 84–107 µm, V = 33–36; female reproductive system mono-opisthodelphic, anterior uterine sac 24.0–38.0 µm, tail cylindrical (2.8.5–33.5 µm, c = 38–46; c′ = 1.2–1.4 in females; 30.5–34.0 µm long; c = 33–39; c´ = 1.3–1.6 in males) with rounded end, spicules 30–34 µm long, three ventromedian supplements and lacking hiatus. The new species morphologically comes most close to B. apitica and B. tarjani.
Impact of Biocontrol Agents on Biochemical Changes of Aquatic Weed Water Hyacinth, Pontederia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach
Authors: Misra Deblina , Dutta Writuparna , Prieto Jorge Galarza , Ray Puja
Published: March 2024

Invasive weeds are rapidly adapting to evolutionary changes, brought about by exposure to the plethora of plant-antagonist’s interactions, which eventually leave an effect on the biological control of the weed. These interactions create an array of biochemical responses in the plant, which induce a range of defensive mechanisms to reduce the threat of injury. The present investigation reports the role of plant secondary metabolites in plant defense that may involve deterrence of antifeedant activity associated with the application of biocontrol agents against Pontederia crassipes. Generally, an infestation is preferred on non-challenged plants, as increased content of alkaloid, phenol, or tannin, which Pontederia crassipes produces when infested by its agents, deters the latter by providing a toxic unpleasant atmosphere. Variation in flavonoid level also brings about some physiochemical changes in the weed which impede the entry of phytopathogens. When a few metabolites are used to dissuade the agents, some, like glycosides, attract feeders to lay eggs and allow their population to flourish. This study concentrates on the signals that enable P. crassipes to recognize and respond to the attack and measure the effect in biochemical terms. Through this has, an overall outlook of the fitness costs of attack not only for the weed but over the range of trophic levels has been enlightened with more scope to understand the underlying mechanisms, before the multi-agent release of agents.
Early progressive disease in IDH-mutant grade 2 and 3 astrocytoma without CDKN2A/B homozygous deletions may indicate radiation necrosis
Authors: Ozeki Yukie , Narita Yoshitaka , Honda-Kitahara Mai , Yanagisawa Shunsuke , Takahashi Masamichi , Ohno Makoto , Miyakita Yasuji , Kikuchi Miu , Nakano Tomoyuki , Hosoya Tomohiro , Sugino Hirokazu , Satomi Kaishi , Yoshida Akihiko , Igaki Hiroshi , Kubo Yuko , Ichimura Koichi , Suzuki Hiromichi , Masutomi Kenkichi , Kondo Akihide
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytoma without cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) homozygous deletion (HD) typically follows a slow clinical course. However, some cases show early progression on MRI, and these characteristics have not been fully reported. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of those cases.
Methods
This retrospective study included 52 primary cases with astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, CNS WHO grade 2–3, reclassified from the original diagnosis based on WHO2021 classification. Patients underwent surgery followed by radiation therapy or/and chemotherapy at our institution from 2006 to 2019. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed.
Results
The grade 2 and 3 astrocytomas were 24 and 28, respectively; the median age was 38 years. Forty-three patients underwent radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy. Progression was diagnosed in 28 patients through MRI, and early progression within 2 years of initial radiotherapy occurred in 11 cases (21.2%). Histologically, radiation necrosis was confirmed in four out of these 11 patients (36.4%). Two patients with telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations experienced recurrence within three years of the initial surgery. The 2-year true progression-free, except radiation necrosis, at 2 years after surgery in astrocytoma grades 2 and 3 was 91.3% in grade 2 and 88.5% in grade 3 astrocytoma.
Conclusion
The possibility of radiation necrosis exists in the early progression of grade 2–3 astrocytoma. A second surgery should be performed to confirm true recurrence or radiation necrosis. Astrocytomas with TERT promoter mutations may relapse relatively early and should be followed up with caution.
Reliability analysis of complete cubic networks based on extra conditional fault
Authors: Lv Mengjie , Liu Xuanli , Dong Hui , Fan Weibei
Published: March 2024

The reliability of multiprocessor systems is now a crucial concern in parallel computing. In fact, thanks to rapid and consistent technological advances in networking hardware and software, multiprocessor (core) systems have been successfully implemented. Consequently, there is a notable importance in examining the structures of interprocess communication, with a particular focus on investigating the fault tolerance and fault diagnosability of these structures to build a functionally efficient system. This paper investigates the $s$-extra connectivity ($s$-EC) and $s$-extra diagnosability ($s$-ED) of the complete cubic network $CCN(n)$. Specifically, we initially demonstrate that the $s$-EC of $CCN(n)$ is $\kappa_s(CCN(n))=(s+1)(n+1)-\frac{s(s+3)}{2}$ for $n\geq 3$ and $0\leq s\leq n-2$. Subsequently, we demonstrate that the $s$-ED under the PMC model is $t_s(CCN(n))=(s+1)(n+1)-\frac{s(s+3)}{2}+s$ for $n\geq 3$ and $1\leq s\leq n-2$. Similarly, under the MM* model, the $s$-ED is $t_s(CCN(n))=(s+1)(n+1)-\frac{s(s+3)}{2}+s$ for $n\geq 6$ and $1\leq s\leq \frac{n-2}{4}$. Finally, we conduct simulation experiments, and the results indicate that the $s$-EC consistently surpasses other known connectivities, including classical connectivity and $s$-component connectivity. Additionally, the $s$-ED consistently outperforms classical diagnosability and $s$-component diagnosability of $CCN(n)$.
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus non-structural protein 3 dictates superinfection exclusion in mammalian cells
Authors: Hick Tessy , Zotler Taja , Bosveld Davita , Geertsema Corinne , Oers Monique van , Pijlman Gorben
Published: March 2024

Superinfection exclusion (SIE) is a well-known phenomenon induced by a broad spectrum of viruses to hinder a virus from the same virus family to establish a secondary infection in an already infected cell. Despite many years of study, the molecular mechanism(s) of alphavirus SIE remain enigmatic. Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that cause arthritogenic or encephalitic diseases in vertebrates, depending on the viral species. Several arthritogenic alphaviruses are known to block RNA replication of a superinfecting alphavirus via early proteolytic cleavage by non-structural protein 2 (nsP2). Here, we explore for the first time the SIE mechanism of an encephalitic alphavirus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). Using single-cell imaging techniques and encapsidated VEEV replicons encoding green or red fluorescent proteins, we observed immediate onset of VEEV interference, which increases to nearly full SIE capacity in three hours. In a series of experiments, we observed that transient expression of VEEV nsP3, but not nsP2, reduced alphavirus replication in the same mammalian cell, suggesting a key role for VEEV nsP3 in the mechanism of SIE. In particular, the VEEV nsP3 C-terminal hypervariable domain (HVD) was found to be required and sufficient for SIE of VEEV and the more distantly related Sindbis virus. As the nsP3 HVD is known to bind multiple host proteins to form RNA replication complexes and modulate the cellular stress response, we propose that sequestering of essential host protein(s) by VEEV nsP3 interferes with RNA replication of the superinfecting alphavirus.
DEAR: A Novel Deep-Level Semantics Feature Reinforce Framework for Infrared Small Object Segmentation
Authors: Ni Yihe , Zhao Xingbo , Li Yongxiang , Lu Qianwen , Tao Qingchuan , Yu Yanmei
Published: March 2024

Infrared Small Object Segmentation (ISOS) faces challenges in isolating small and faint objects from infrared images due to their limited texture details and small spatial presence. Existing deep learning methods have shown promise but often assume that these networks can effectively map small objects to deep semantic features. This mapping, however, may not be accurately learned by the model due to the excessive downsampling, which may cause the loss of high-level semantic representations essential for accurately identifying small objects in infrared images. To address this issue, this study introduces a novel learning paradigm, DEAR, designed to reinforce deep-level features of infrared small objects from three perspectives. Specifically, the Multi-Scale Nested (MSN) module merges shallow object features with deep semantic features through iterative interactions. The Central Difference Convolution (CDC) module enhances semantic contrast between small objects and their backgrounds, minimizing information loss during downsampling. Additionally, the Orthogonal Dynamic Fusion (ODF) module boosts the representation of deep object features through self-supervised learning. Experimental evaluations on the NUAA-SIRST and NUDT-SIRST datasets show that DEAR significantly outperforms 16 state-of-the-art methods in ISOS, demonstrating its effectiveness. The code is publicly available online at \href{https://github.com/nieyihe888/DEFER}{https://github.com/nieyihe888/DEAR}.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Different Winglet Configurations on The Lift and Drag Characteristics of BWB Aircraft
Authors: Ishrak Md. Shah , Shuvo Md. Adnan Nur Bhuiyan , Tasnim Faria , Patnaik Sidharth Sankar
Published: March 2024

Sustainable aviation is currently a major concern since people are constantly relying on aircraft for transport over long distances in a short amount of time. Newer technologies are constantly being developed to enhance the aerodynamic efficiency of existing aircraft and improve fuel conservation. Winglets are one such technology. Our research focuses on how different winglet designs affect the lift and drag characteristics of blended-wing body aircrafts; the concept of these designs is currently being researched and compared to that of the base model with no winglet. The models were subjected to both computational and experimental analyses at three different velocities and six angles of attack to determine the lift and drag values resulting from various winglet configurations. The results showed that Split Fence had the best performance in both computational and experimental analyses, with an L/D of 10.608 at a 5° angle of attack during the CFD analysis compared to 5.52 for the base model. The Spikelet and the Spike Scimitar Winglet also showed high aerodynamic efficiency. The C-Winglet, however, showed poorer performance than did the other winglets. The insights from this research can help optimize winglet designs and explore the design of BWB aircraft, leading to substantial reductions in fuel consumption and carbon emissions in the aviation industry.
Corporate governance parties effect on private banks’ profitability: Panel fixed effect regression analysis
Authors: Mebratu Agumas Alamirew
Published: March 2024

The banking disaster affects the monetary mechanism and economic system of a country. The aim of this article is to quantitatively examine the factors that affect the profitability of Ethiopian private commercial banks. In this study, the quantitative research approach, descriptive research design, and secondary data sources collected from the National Bank of Ethiopia for the period 2013 to 2022. The population of this study included all private commercial banks operating in Ethiopia. The findings of the panel fixed-effect regression analysis revealed that the profitability of the selected bank, as measured by return on assets, was significantly influenced by various factors including the size and capital adequacy ratio of the financial institution, control performance, legal reserve ratio, and liquidity ratio. The implications of these findings highlight the combined impact of macro and micro factors on the overall profitability of private commercial banks in Ethiopia.
Validation of the Arabic Version of the Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale (BEIS-10)
Authors: Kanj Gaelle , Obeid Sahar , Malaeb Diana , Azzi Vanessa , Hallit Rabih , Hallit Souheil , Fekih-Romdhane Feten
Published: March 2024

Background Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been a widespread topic of scientific research and discussion among individuals and institutions over the last years, giving room for debate concerning its measurement and applications. One of the shortest, simplest, most economical and increasingly used self-report measures is the Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale (BIES-10), whose validity and reliability have been demonstrated in a sample of individuals from various samples and contexts. The present study contributed to the literature by examining the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the BEIS-10 in a native Arabic-speaking population from Lebanon. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out between December 2020 and January 2021; 449 non-clinical adults were included (mean age = 24.34 years; 70.6% females). The forward-backward translation approach was adopted to develop an Arabic version of the BEIS-10. Results CFA provided evidence for a unidimensional solution of the BEIS-10 in its Arabic translation, thus allowing a total score to be obtained that reflects the overall EI construct. Excellent internal consistency was evidenced by a McDonald’s ω of .94 and a Cronbach α of .94. The Arabic BEIS-10 showed significant invariance across gender at the scalar, metric, and configural levels. Furthermore, greater scores on EI have been shown to significantly correlate with higher positive and negative affect, thus attesting to the convergent validity of the Arabic BEIS-10. Conclusion Findings suggest that the Arabic BIES-10 is a valid and reliable self-administered measuring tool for the assessment of EI in Arab settings. Considering its simple and brief administration, this version of the scale might be of better convenience in Arab settings beset by shortage of resources and financial turmoil.
AI in higher education: Booster or stumbling block for developing digital competence?
Authors: Maznev Petko , Stützer Cathleen , Gaaw Stephanie
Published: March 2024

Since the Artificial intelligence (AI) revolution catalyzed by ChatGPT, the discourse of students’ digital competence has become prevalent in German higher education institutions (HEIs). While educators recognize the potential for using AI in higher education, concerns persist about students needing more necessary skills. This paper presents findings from a comprehensive lecturer survey that provides insights into educators’ perspectives on the opportunities and challenges associated with AI integration in HEIs. Furthermore, it addresses the conditions required for successful AI implementation in German HEIs to promote, rather than hinder, students’ digital competence and future skills.
Typological Features of Polish Academic Radio Websites
Authors: Kovtun Natalia , Koval Svitlana
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Considering the rapid processes of convergence and digitalization, student radio stations have also begun operating online. Particularly illustrative in this regard are the websites of Polish radio stations, which position themselves as "Polish academic radio broadcasters." In the context of the theme of our research, the concepts of Polish student radio, university radio, and academic radio are synonymous.
Relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to explore typological characteristics, content, and design of websites of Polish academic radio stations.
For the first time, a generalized definition of the concept of «radio station website» and the classification of websites of student radio stations are proposed, typological features of Polish academic radio station websites are analyzed according to the identified criteria.
Methodology. The work employs a number of interdisciplinary methods: analysis, synthesis, observation, monitoring, description, generalization, and systematization. Content analysis method is also applied to analyze the content of the websites.
Results. It is established that all analyzed websites belong to informational-entertainment category by functional purpose; their content and categorization fully correspond to the orientation and information presentation style of the radio station; they conduct round-the-clock online broadcasting on their websites, utilizing various streaming capabilities. The design of the websites predominantly exhibits restrained aesthetics, catering to the preferences of the youth audience.
Conclusions. The conducted analysis does not claim to be exhaustive but represents the first attempt to systematize existing types of websites of student radio stations. In the future, we plan to further study online student radio in detail.
Interpreting mineral deposit genesis classification with decision maps: A case study using pyrite trace elements
Authors: Wang Yu , Qiu Kun-Feng , Telea Alexandru C. , Hou Zhao-Liang , Zhou Tong , Cai Yi-Wei , Ding Zheng-Jiang , Yu Hao-Cheng , Deng Jun
Published: March 2024

Machine learning improves geochemistry discriminant diagrams in classifying mineral deposit genetic types. However, the increasingly recognized “black box” property of machine learning has been hampering the transparency of complex data analysis, leading to challenges in deep geochemical interpretation. To address the issue, we revisited pyrite trace elements and proposed the use of the “Decision Map,” a cutting-edge visualization technique for machine learning. This technique reveals mineral deposit classifications by visualizing the “decision boundaries” of high-dimensional data, a concept crucial for model interpretation, active learning, and domain adaptation. In the context of geochemical data classification, it enables geologists to understand the relationship between geo-data and decision boundaries, assess prediction certainty, and observe data distribution trends. This bridges the gap between the insightful properties of traditional discriminant diagrams and the high-dimensional efficiency of modern machine learning. Using pyrite trace element data, we construct a decision map for mineral deposit type classification, which maintains the accuracy of machine learning while adding valuable visualization insight. Additionally, we demonstrate two applications of decision maps. First, we show how decision maps can help resolve a dispute concerning the genetic type of a deposit whose data were not used in training the models. Second, we demonstrate how the decision maps can help understand the model, which further helps find indicator elements of pyrite. The recommended indicator elements by decision maps are consistent with geologists’ knowledge. This study confirms the decision map’s effectiveness in interpreting mineral genetic type classification problems. In geochemical classification, decision maps mark a shift from conventional machine learning to a visually insightful approach, thereby enhancing the geological understanding derived from the model. Furthermore, our work implies that decision maps could be applicable to diverse classification challenges in geosciences.
Payments for environmental services and economic growth: A theoretical model
Authors: Liwono Moba Dickens , Piluso Nicolas
Published: March 2024

Given the global climate emergency and the complex financing problems facing developing countries, some economists are advocating the introduction of payments for environmental services. The question is whether payments for environmental services will enable developing countries to make the ecological transition compatible with the economic growth they need to develop. This study presents a theoretical analysis of the economic and ecological efficiency of such a mechanism, and aims to determine whether it has any recessionary or disincentive effects. In other words, it determines whether, from a theoretical point of view, the environmental services provided by developing countries are compatible with continued growth. The study introduces a “payments for environmental services” procedure into a general equilibrium model (with involuntary unemployment) composed of multinational firms in developed and developing economies. This theoretical model yields the following results. Firstly, higher ecological taxes can directly increase environmental services without any recessionary effect. The system of payments for environmental services means that green investment is not necessarily incompatible with growth and development in developing countries. On the other hand, services in return for environmental payments can lead to a rebound effect from polluting activities, which is why such programs need to be accompanied by more radical environmental policies. In conclusion, while payments for environmental services can promote both ecological transition and growth in developing countries, it is necessary to control the rebound effect arising from the development of economic activity.
Quality Assessment of Young Sparkling Wines of Crimean Indigenous Grape Varieties
Authors: Lutkov Igor , Makarov Alexander , Shmigelskaya Natalia
Published: March 2024

Most domestic sparkling wines are made of traditional champagne grape varieties. However, indigenous Crimean cultivars could increase the output of high-quality original beverages if a proper technology was introduced.

This research featured young sparkling wines from Crimean grape varieties, i.e., Soldaya, Shabash, Kokur Beliy, Sary Pandas, Kefesiya, Dzhevat Kara, and Ekim Kara. Organic acids, sugars, glycerin, phenolic substances, and ethanol were determined by high performance liquid chromatography; the content of amine nitrogen was measured by formalin titration. The optical profile of the wine samples was subjected to the colorimetric method while their foamy properties were studied by bubbling the samples in a measuring cylinder. The sparkling properties depended on the rate of CO2 desorption; the volumetric method made it possible to define the CO2 content; the viscosity was measured using a viscometer. The sensory assessment followed State Standard 32051-2013, ISO 5492:2008, and ISO 11035:1994.

The samples of Kokur Beliy, Sary Pandas, and Soldaya received high tasting ratings (≥ 9.0 points), as did the red variety of Kefesiya (8.95 points). They demonstrated a clear typical aroma and a harmonious taste, as well as good foamy and sparkling properties. The maximal foam volume correlated with amine nitrogen (r = 0.762) while the sparkling properties correlated with the mass fraction of bound CO2 (r = 0.977). The red sparkling wine from the Kefesiya variety had a dark garnet color due to its high anthocyanins. It also contained quercetin and glycoside, which are known for their biological (P-vitamin) activity and powerful antioxidant properties. The early low-sugar (< 18 g/100 cm3) varieties of Dzhevat Kara and Ekim Kara had the same acidity but demonstrated a less diverse phenolic profile and were paler in color.

In this research, the indigenous Crimean grape cultivars of Kokur Beliy, Sary Pandas, Soldaya, and Kefesia showed good prospects for young sparkling wines. Other varieties needed special technologies to preserve their typical properties and the aroma/taste balance. The new technology makes it possible to obtain unique high-quality products right in the harvest year, thus increasing the range and volume of sparkling wine production.
Quails of Stavropol Region: Autumn Food Habits
Authors: Kaledin Anatoly , Malovichko Lyubov΄ , Rezanov Alexander , Drozdova Lyudmila , Serikbayeva Andiya
Published: March 2024

Quails (Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758)) are the only migratory Galliformes species. Quails are nestling ground-dwelling birds, feeding on seeds and crawling insects. Wild quails inhabit many parts of Russia. Quail farming is quite popular because quail meat is low in calories and possesses a number of beneficial properties, e.g., it is rich in proteins, contains little fat and virtually no carbohydrates, etc. As a rule, quails winter in Transcaucasia and Southern Europe; however, they sometimes prefer to stay in southern regions for the winter. This article introduces the autumn food habits of quails in the Central Ciscaucasia.

The research relied on the analysis of stomach contents of 156 birds killed by hunters or hit by vehicles in several districts of the Stavropol Region. The material was collected in the autumn in 2008–2021.

In the Central Ciscaucasia, quails are mesophiles and inhabit abandoned wheat and pea fields. The population fluctuates from year to year, depending on spring weather conditions. Their optimal nestling grounds include irrigated fields and areas near canals and ponds. In the steppe regions, they prefer agricultural areas, e.g., orchards, vineyards, holiday villages, sheep sheds, green belts along fields, roads, and railways, etc. Being phytophages, they rely on plant and, to a lesser extent, animal forage.

In the autumn, they feeding on green plants, wheat grain, seeds of cultivated and wild plants, and insect larvae.
Parameters of Modular Microwave Vacuum Evaporators
Authors: Gavrilov Alexander , Gerber Yuriy
Published: March 2024

Microwave energy facilitates evaporation, thus producing more solids of higher quality than other concentration methods and traditional evaporators. Despite its effectiveness, the food industry has no methods for industrial microwave evaporation. This article introduces design and operating parameters for the working module of a novel microwave vacuum evaporation.

The new microwave vacuum evaporator with cylindrical modules was used for juice concentration. The fluid phase level was calculated based on the development and growth of vapor bubbles across the fluid phase volume. The steam phase level depen ded on the minimal volume of the steam separator.

When the operating pressure in the module was 7.4 kPa, the minimal radius of a vapor bubble was 5.6×10–5 m; 100% vapor content was observed 42 mm above the nucleation level of vapor bubbles. The average total height of the fluid phase level above the emitter was 26 mm, which exceeded the level of radiation penetration. The data obtained were used to develop an algorithm that made it possible to calculate the design and operating parameters of the microwave vacuum evaporator, as well as standard size modules with emitter powers of 600–3000 W. The modules with a diameter of 150 mm had the vapor zone at 43–8 mm and the transitional vapor-fluid zone at 9–16 mm. The boiling zone was at 45–60 mm.

The new microwave vacuum evaporator covered the entire power range of industrial air-cooled magnetrons. However, the final stage required modules of ≤ 1100 W for high concentrations of ≥ 60–80%.
Physical and Chemical Properties of a New Cellulose Fiber Extracted from the Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) Plant’s Stem
Authors: Ovalı Sabih , Eryılmaz Oğuz
Published: March 2024

Ecological problems, high cost, and non-renewability of petroleum and its derivatives have increased the research on new sustainable natural products. For this purpose, the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of Mentha pulegium L. (MPL) fiber, which may have potential for use in textile and composite sectors, were determined by extraction and characterization. Fiber density, length, and diameter were detected by physical tests. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin ratios of the fiber were obtained by chemical analysis and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. The surface morphology was identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and the chemical components on the fiber surface were discovered by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Thermal degradation values of the fiber were found by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the fiber’s mechanical properties were determined by tensile test. As a result of the tests and analysis, MPL fiber has shown that it has potential for use in textiles and fiber reinforced composites.
CASC19: An Oncogenic Long Non-coding RNA in Different Cancers
Authors: Wu Yinxin , Mou Jie , Zhou Gang , Yuan Chengfu
Published: March 2024

A 324 bp lncRNA called CASC19 is found on chromosome 8q24.21. Recent research works have
revealed that CASC19 is involved in the prognosis of tumors and related to the regulation of the radiation tolerance
mechanisms during tumor radiotherapy (RT). This review sheds light on the changes and roles that
CASC19 plays in many tumors and diseases, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), cervical cancer, colorectal
cancer (CRC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), gastric
cancer (GC), pancreatic cancer (PC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), glioma, and osteoarthritis (OA).
CASC19 provides a new strategy for targeted therapy, and the regulatory networks of CASC19 expression levels
play a key role in the occurrence and development of tumors and diseases. In addition, the expression level
of CASC19 has predictive roles in the prognosis of some tumors and diseases, which has major implications
for clinical diagnoses and treatments. CASC19 is also unique in that it is a key gene affecting the efficacy of
RT in many tumors, and its expression level plays a decisive role in improving the success rate of treatments.
Further research is required to determine the precise process by which CASC19 causes changes in diseased
cells in some tumors and diseases.
Effects of Glutamine Synthetase on Neovascularization in Glioma: In Vivo MR
Vessel Size Imaging and Histology
Authors: Song Tianwei , Wang Dandan , Zhang Yanan , Hao Hong , Li Guodong , Ding Xiping , Hu Zongtao , Zhang Zhi , Liu Yan , Wang Hongzhi , Li Xianglin , Qian Junchao
Published: March 2024

Background::

Glutamine Synthetase (GS) could induce vascular sprouting through the improvement of endothelial cell migration in inflammatory diseases. MR
vessel-size imaging has been proposed as a valuable approach for visualizing the underlying angiogenic processes in the brain.

Objective::

This study aims to investigate the role of GS in the neovascularization of gliomas through the utilization of MR vessel-size imaging and
histopathological techniques.

Methods::

In this exploratory animal study, we randomly divided the C6 glioma rat models into a control group and an L-methionine sulfoximine (MSO)
treatment group. Daily intraperitoneal injections were administered for three consecutive days, starting from day 10 following the implantation of
C6 glioma cells in rats. Subsequently, MR vessel size imaging was conducted using a BRUKER 7 T/200 mm MRI scanner, and the MRI results
were validated through histopathological examination.

Results::

A significant decrease in microvessel density was observed in both the tumor periphery and center areas in the MSO treatment group compared to
that in the control group. The mean vessel diameter (mVD) and vessel size index (VSI) did not exhibit significant changes compared to the control
group. Moreover, the staining intensity of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) and GS in the tumor periphery was significantly
decreased in the MSO treatment group. Additionally, the MSO treatment demonstrated a substantial inhibition of tumor growth.

Conclusion::

GS inhibitors significantly reduced angiogenesis in the periphery area of C6 glioma, exerting an inhibitory effect on tumor progression. Thus, GS
inhibitors could be potential therapeutic agents for treating glioma. Additionally, in vivo MR vessel size imaging detects changes in vascularrelated
parameters after tumor treatment, making it a promising method for detecting neovascularization in glioma.
Artificial Intelligence and Bioinformatics Promise Smart and Secure Healthcare: A COVID-19 Perspective
Authors: Sheik Asraf S. , Abraham Jins K. , Mohan Shalini
Published: March 2024

Recent developments in the fields of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and
bioinformatics have played a vital role in securing smart healthcare. Notable
contributions have been made in the field of viral immunology after the COVID-19
outbreak with the help of AI and bioinformatics. Various diseases and disorders such as
viral diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic disorders require the application of AI
and bioinformatics to provide safe and error-free treatment. The tools of bioinformatics
and modern-day biology used for smart and secure health care include single-cell
genomics, proteomics, and next-generation sequencing technologies. During the
COVID-19 outbreak, AI and bioinformatics helped to create methods and services to
combat the pandemic. In this chapter, we elaborately highlight the principle, procedure,
and applications of AI equipped with bioinformatics knowledge to create opportunities,
and prospects and answer the challenges met by academicians, researchers, students,
and industry professionals from the background of computer science, bioinformatics,
and healthcare.