bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observed practices of design engineers
Authors: Osgood Libby (Elizabeth) , Johnston Clifton R.
Published: March 2023

While there are numerous studies documenting the skills and abilities of experienced designers and engineers, research is needed to document the specific practices or behaviors of design engineers, a subset of creative engineers who solve complex problems. To document observed practices of design engineers, twelve experienced engineers were asked to describe an expert design engineer, someone who always has the solution when others do not. Using inductive thematic analysis, nine observed practices with 30 subtopics were identified from 186 data points. The observed practices of design engineers include being collaborative, confident, creative, independent, intuitive, inquisitive, motivated, systematic, and versatile. Eight additional data points document varying observations of design engineers’ interest in mentoring or management. While participants spoke with reverence about the design engineers, some observed practices could have a negative connotation, such as being egotistical, conservative to a fault, and not good at public speaking. One realization from this paper is that studies generally report admirable practices to replicate, when potentially negative practices can help engineering educators to better prepare students for industry. Lastly, this article provides engineering educators with a mapping between the observed practices of design engineers and the graduate attributes used in accrediting Canadian engineering programs.
Geographies of science and technology III: Careful entanglements, responsible futures
Authors: Mahony Martin
Published: March 2023

In my previous progress reports I suggested that geographers might attend more to the leaky boundaries of ‘science’ and ‘technology’ and to their imbrications in the mundane spaces of the everyday, and that stances of analytical critique might be joined by practices of engaged imagination of alternative lifeworlds in the shadow of the Anthropocene. In this final report, I zoom in on care as a ‘concept, emotion, practice, politics, moral exhortation’. This has recently provided a focus for much innovative and impactful research in critical geography. I explore the analytical and political potential of centring care within geographical engagements with science and technology, and suggest that nuanced engagements with the concept contain valuable insights into the everyday geographies of technoscience, and into how practices of care are central to – but not exhaustive of – political strategies for building alternative lifeworlds in uncertain times.
Travel Mode Choice Behavior for High-Speed Railway Stations Based on Multi-Source Data
Authors: Deng Yajuan , Bai Yu , Cui Liangbin , He Renjie
Published: March 2023

The service quality of connecting travel mode at high-speed railway (HSR) stations plays an essential role in the travel chain. Most travel choice behavior studies are based on survey data and focus on special scenarios, such as going to work or school. Few studies have addressed travel mode choices for connecting to HSR stations. Based on multi-source data, this study aims to investigate the influences of travel time, cost, reliability, detour, and land use on connecting mode choice behaviors at HSR stations. Taking the Xi’anbei railway station as an example, this study analyzes the behavior characteristics of connecting modes including conventional buses, subway transit, and taxis, and builds a connecting travel mode choice behavior model for arrival/departure at HSR stations based on a generalized additive model (GAM). The results show that connecting travelers at HSR stations prefer to choose subways and taxis during the morning and evening peak hours. The perceived costs for arriving travelers are less sensitive than those for departing travelers. Arriving travelers are significantly more sensitive to reliability than departing travelers. Connecting travelers are less sensitive to cost and more sensitive to reliability than commuting travelers. The research results can provide suggestions and guidelines for connecting facility planning in HSR stations.
Full-Scale Evaluation of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Habibpour Mahdi , Ali Ayman , Offenbacker Daniel , Mehta Yusuf , Elshaer Mohamed , Decarlo Christopher
Published: March 2023

This study aims to evaluate the potential of using geosynthetics to reinforce flexible pavements and improve their resistance to reflective cracking. To achieve the goals, three full-scale test strips (control, geogrid, and geotextile) were constructed at Rowan University, each being 30 ft long by 15 ft wide. The pavement structure of each test strip included two hot mix asphalt (HMA) layers with a total thickness of 3.0 in., and five intentional cracks (with widths of 0.2 in.) were introduced to the first HMA layer. After sealing the cracks and applying the tack coat layer, the geosynthetic interlayer was added, and the top HMA layer was constructed. Asphalt strain gauges and thermocouples were embedded in each section to measure critical strains. All sections were also loaded using a heavy vehicle simulator (HVS) with dual-tire configurations while the temperature around the test strips was maintained at 50°F. In addition, each test strip’s deflection and rutting were measured before and after HVS loading using a heavy weight deflectometer and a laser profiler, respectively. The HVS loading results found that the geogrid-reinforced test strip had a better strain response than the geotextile-reinforced layer, and the geotextile-reinforced layer showed slightly higher bonding (lower delamination). It is noted that the results of this study are in line with a former laboratory study with respect to crack reflection and delamination. Rut profiler data recorded a 25% reduction in rut depth for reinforced sections compared to the control. Moreover, the geosynthetic interlayer was able to mitigate reflective cracking propagation. Both interlayers improved fatigue performance.
Quality Assessment of Large-Scale Vehicle and Pedestrian Trajectories at Intersections
Authors: Zhao Junxuan , Harris Austin , Sartipi Mina
Published: March 2023

High-resolution, high-accuracy trajectory data are receiving increasing attention in transportation research and applications because of their powerful capability to provide microscopic movement information (e.g., location, speed, acceleration, heading, etc.) on all road users. Assessing the quality of trajectory data before use is vital, because they directly affect the performance of the subsequent analysis. However, most of the existing assessment methods and metrics have been developed for evaluating vehicle trajectories collected from highways and cannot be applied directly to vehicle and pedestrian trajectories collected from intersections. In addition, the interactions between vehicles and pedestrians at intersections make the study more challenging and complex. In this paper, the authors propose innovative quantitative metrics to assess the rationality, stability, and interaction abnormality of large-scale vehicle and pedestrian trajectories at intersections by analyzing inherent and extended properties. The proposed metrics are tested on two trajectory datasets: an open-source inD trajectory dataset collected by aerial drone cameras; and a dataset collected by infrastructure-based light detection and ranging sensors deployed at MLK Smart Corridor, our urban test bed in Chattanooga, TN. A comprehensive assessment report on two selected datasets, corresponding suggestions for improvement, and some representative error cases are presented. This study can also be used to monitor the operational status of sensors and develop more effective trajectory filtering methods.
Field Validation of Falling Weight Deflectometer Deflection-Based Critical Strain Prediction Models for Full-Depth Asphalt Pavements
Authors: Park Bongsuk , Cho Seonghwan , Nantung Tommy E. , Haddock John E.
Published: March 2023

Critical strains are one of the most reliable mechanistic parameters representing the structural capacity of flexible pavements. However, critical strains are currently not considered in pavement management systems (PMS) because of a lack of methodology for measuring critical strains in in-service pavements. Recently, critical strain prediction models have been developed by the Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University research team to estimate the critical strains of existing full-depth asphalt pavements using falling weight deflectometer (FWD) data. Even though the accuracy of these models was verified with finite element (FE) analyses, additional field validation is needed before incorporating the model results into PMS. This study focuses on validation of these previously developed critical strain prediction models using field-measured strains. Nine field sections, representing typical full-depth asphalt pavements in Indiana, were selected for study inclusion. FWD testing was conducted on the field sections and field cores were collected. Field strains were measured by a strain gauge or were determined by FE analysis using the material properties obtained from the field cores. Based on the comparative analysis, the critical strain prediction models were successfully validated with strains measured from the field. The coefficients of determination were up to 0.98 for the transverse tensile strain at the bottom of the asphalt layer and 0.93 for the vertical compressive strain at the top of the subgrade. Therefore, it is concluded that the critical strain prediction models can be used to estimate critical strains of in-service full-depth asphalt pavements for structural evaluation of PMS.
Obesity is Unlikely to be an Impediment to First-Pass Success During the Intubation of Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Nauka Peter C. , Moskowitz Ari , Siev Alana , Shiloh Ariel L. , Eisen Lewis A. , Fein Daniel G.
Published: March 2023

Background: Obesity has been described as a potential risk factor for difficult intubation among critically ill patients. Our primary aim was to further elucidate the association between obesity and first-pass success. Our secondary aim was to determine whether the use of hyper-angulated video laryngoscopy improves first-pass success compared to direct laryngoscopy when utilized for the intubation of critically ill obese patients. Study Design and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing endotracheal intubation outside of the operating room or emergency department between January 30, 2016 and May 1, 2020 at 3 campuses of an academic hospital system in the Bronx, NY. Our primary outcome was first-pass success of intubation. A multivariate logistic analysis was utilized to compare obesity status with first-pass success. Results: We identified 3791 critically ill patients who underwent endotracheal intubation of which 1417 were obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30). The incidence of hyper-angulated video laryngoscopy increased over the study period. A total of 46.6% of obese patients underwent intubation with hyper-angulated video laryngoscopy as compared to 35.1% of the nonobese group. First-pass success was 79.2% among the entire cohort. Obesity status did not appear to be associated with first-pass success (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 090-1.27; P = .47). Hyper-angulated video laryngoscopy did not seem to improve first-pass success among obese patients as compared to nonobese patients (adjusted OR 1.21, 95% CI: 0.85-1.71; P = .29). These findings persisted even after redefining the obesity cutoff as BMI ≥ 40 and excluding patients intubated during cardiac arrests. Conclusion: We did not detect an association between obesity and first-pass success. Hyper-angulated video laryngoscopy did not appear offer additional benefit over direct laryngoscopy during the intubation of critically ill obese patients.
Building Disciplinary Knowledge in Nursing Education
Authors: Doe Mi Jin
Published: March 2023

The author of this article provides an introduction to Chinn and colleagues’ 11th edition of Knowledge Development in Nursing: Theory and Process, contemplating the significance of building disciplinary knowledge based on nursing theory and philosophy in nursing education.
Contributions to Nursing Knowledge: A Dialogue With Dr. Rozzano Locsin
Authors: Morrow Mary R. , Locsin Rozzano
Published: March 2023

There are many nursing scholars who have contributed to nursing knowledge. Dr. Rozzano Locsin is one of those scholars. His many contributions to nursing knowledge include his middle-range theory technological competency as caring in nursing. In this scholarly dialogue Dr. Locsin talks about nursing and his contributions to its knowledge development.
Virginia Henderson’s Writings on the Nature of Nursing: An Exemplar of Nursing Practice
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Siboni Fatemeh , Behboudi Faezeh , Mohebbi Kasra , Majidi Soheila , Yaghobi Yasaman , Carroll Karen
Published: March 2023

Virginia Henderson’s views on the nature of nursing continues to serve patients. Henderson emphasized that with the increasing complexity and technology in healthcare, nursing has never had a more important opportunity to contribute to the placement of the patient in the best conditions to achieve health. The aim of this article is to highlight a case study that employed Henderson’s principles and plan of care to assist a child with a diagnosis of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) through the performance of activities centering on achieving health and recovery.
A Unitary Caring Theory Perspective of Labyrinth Walking Research
Authors: Butcher Howard Karl
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this narrative review of labyrinth walking research literature was to identify its experiences and potential health benefits and to conceptualize the labyrinth walking experience within Smith’s (2020) unitary caring theory. A total of 29 research studies from a 2022 annotated bibliography of 160 publications on labyrinth related research were selected for analysis. The findings coalesced around four themes. Labyrinth walking is an experience of irenic requiescence; expanding awareness; transforming potentials; and connecting to the beyond. A process of interpretive theorizing was used to interpret each theme from the perspective of the concepts within the theory of unitary caring.
A Conceptual Model for Professional Identity in Nursing: An Interdependent Perspective
Authors: Joseph M. Lindell , Edmonson Cole , Godfrey Nelda , Kuhl Lynne , Shaffer Franklin , Owens Rhoda , Bickford Carol , Cusack Cheryl , Dickow Mary , Liebig Deb , O’Rourke Maria , Priddy Kristen , Sommer Sheryl
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this initiative was to define the development, verification, and evolution of the conceptual model for Professional Identity in Nursing. This action research design occurred over two phases, utilizing observations, a modified Norris process for model development, and focus groups. Analysis consisted of conventional content analysis and the Fawcett method for conceptual model analysis and evaluation. The model was modified, and results are presented based on the model’s philosophical underpinnings, content, socialness, and evolution. The model resonates with nurses both in the United States and internationally. The interdependency shown in the model encourages collaboration, accountability, and sustainability within the profession and society.
Parametric modeling of flow characteristics in reciprocating pump-pipe interaction system
Authors: Gu Zhenjie , Bai Changqing , Zhang Hongyan
Published: March 2023

The flow characteristics in reciprocating pump-pipe system are inevitably subject to the interaction effects between pump and pipeline. In this paper, a parametric interaction model of flow characteristics in reciprocating pump-pipe system is presented by considering the coupling effect and leakage characteristics. The analytical solutions of the proposed interaction equations are deduced with the aid of the harmonic balance method. A testing platform of a simplex plunger reciprocating pump-pipe system is employed for validating the proposed model. The experimental tests under different operating conditions are used to compare the pressure pulsations and discharge flow rates from analytical solutions. It is observed that the analytical solutions are in good agreement with the test data and numerical results, and the prediction error is within 13%, thus validating the presented interaction model and analytical solutions. The interaction effects as well as the flow characteristics in reciprocating pump-pipe system are analyzed and discussed using the proposed model. It is found that the opening of flow control valve has remarkable influence on the relationship between flow rate and operating speed of reciprocating pump. The pressure pulsation within a pipe is closely related to and significantly affected by the plunger-to-cylinder clearance and the plunger stroke.
Analysis of the residual stress and surface morphology of TI6AL4V using elastoplastic contact ultrasonic rolling
Authors: Jiahui Cong , Jiayuan Gao , Jiahao Wang , Lei Wang , Li Hui
Published: March 2023

As ultrasonic rolling mainly affects the residual stress and surface morphology of Ti6Al4V, it is of great significance to study different process parameters, such as amplitude, static pressure, time, and step length, thereby improving the performance of Ti6Al4V. However, unstable bouncing caused by the elastic relationship between the indenter and the sample is inevitable. Based on finite-element analysis and Hertz contact theory, the concept of critical damping was proposed to quickly stabilize the system. Therefore, a three-dimensional finite-element model was established using the ABAQUS software, after which the ultrasonic-rolling process was simulated by applying static pressure on the sample surface using a spring. Then, the distribution of residual stress under different amplitudes, static pressures, times, and step lengths was analyzed. Based on simulation and experimental results showed that the maximum residual stress of −689.802 MPa was obtained when the amplitude, static pressure, and time were 10 µm, 600 N, and 0.064 s, respectively. When the step length was 1/2 of the indentation width, the surface stress concentration was obvious, convex defects were large, and surface roughness Ra increased to 1.076 µm. Investigations also revealed that when the step length was 1/8, Ra decreased by 39.68% compared with that when the step length was 1/2, the thickness of the plastic-deformation layer reached 56.07 µm. When the step length was 1/10, the maximum compressive residual stress reached −888.007 MPa and Ra increased. On the basis of the abovementioned optimization parameters, the influence of step length on the properties of Ti6Al4V alloy was further explored, and direction for the strengthening process of Ti6Al4V alloy by studying the pattern of surface strengthening was presented.
Tribological studies of lubricated textured point contacts using MoS2 and PTFE nano oils under the reciprocating motion
Authors: Chaudhary Rameshwar , Pandey RK , Mazumdar SK
Published: March 2023

Friction, wear, and film formation behaviors at the lubricated textured point contacts have been investigated experimentally by employing MoS2 (Molybdenum disulfide) and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) nano oils at high contact loads (Hertzian pressures, PH = 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 GPa) and low sliding linear reciprocating speeds ( U s = 0.1 and 0.4 m/s). Two types of contacts formed between “grounded conventional flat plate versus lapped ball” and “grounded textured flat plate versus lapped ball” were used in the experimental investigations. The friction force, wear of balls, contact potential (an indication of oil film formation ability), and vibrations were measured and analyzed herein. Overall better tribological performances have been achieved with PTFE nano oil as compared to MoS2 nano oil. However, relatively more vibration reductions have been found with MoS2 nano oil. The EDS and XPS analysis along images of worn surfaces have been presented and analyzed for wear quantification and realization of the associated mechanisms.
Parametric optimization for van drag reduction using a side flap
Authors: Hachimy Fatima-Zahra , Omar Ashraf , Elsayed Omer , Bouchaala Kenza
Published: March 2023

In current study, the aerodynamic drag reduction of a simplified van model was numerically explored by mounting a side flap on the rear end, on the basis of ANSYS-Fluent, an established Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. A robust Taguchi test design method was leveraged to optimize the independent parameters related to side flap design in order to achieve the best combination for maximum drag reduction with minimum test numbers. The accuracy of the numerical study was validated using the benchmark, Ahmed body model. The current study outcomes established the efficiency of adding a side flap to weaken the longitudinal vortices, at the rear part of the van model, for the purpose of reducing the aerodynamic drag. In this study, the authors achieved a maximum reduction of 11.50% for total drag coefficient and 11.73% for pressure drag coefficient.
Can misfortune lead to dishonesty?
Authors: Mouminoux Claire
Published: March 2023

This article focuses on why people may become dishonest when they are unfortunate. Studies have shown that dishonesty increases in unfortunate or unfair situations, suggesting that misfortune could be used as a self-serving justification. I investigate this effect by analyzing the effect of luck on participant dishonesty in a laboratory experiment. I also control for participants’ belief about others’ honesty in fortunate and unfortunate situations. Participants were more dishonest when they were unfortunate and expected other participants to be more dishonest in similarly unfortunate situations. The similarity of the effects of fortune on expected and actual behaviors suggests that this norm can facilitate self-serving justification. The frequency of dishonest behavior was associated with higher individuals’ beliefs in others’ dishonesty. This effect was particularly important for participants who believed that others would have been dishonest even in fortunate situations. It therefore appears that the justification depends both on being unfortunate and the fact that some people assume others do not behave honestly even when they are fortunate.
The Effects of Reflection and Transfer on Undergraduate Animal Science Students’ Knowledge
Authors: Coleman Bradley M. , Bunch James C. , Roberts Thomas Grady , Israel Glenn D. , Wysocki Allen F.
Published: March 2023

Background: Experiential learning is commonly used in postsecondary settings, especially in undergraduate, agricultural, and laboratory courses. However, a lack of attention has been paid by educators to critical components of experiential learning. Purpose: The effects of reflection mode (peer-verbal or written journal reflection) and transfer level (same, near, or far transfer) on students’ content knowledge were examined in a postsecondary, animal science, laboratory course. Methodology/Approach: A quasi-experimental, two-way, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was utilized. This 2 × 3 factorial design was utilized to test the main and interaction effects of two independent variables (reflection mode and transfer level) on one dependent variable (content knowledge). A pretest score was included as a covariate to control for students’ prior knowledge. Findings/Conclusions: There was a significant interaction effect between the independent variables of reflection mode and transfer level on the dependent variable of content knowledge. Written reflection (when coupled with near transfer), and same transfer (when coupled with peer-verbal reflection), were statistically significant. Implication: Multiple modes of reflection and application can be used during experiential learning in order to achieve effective content knowledge gains. When experiential learning is planned and developed with intentionality, learners receive a valuable, educative experience.
Effects of Schottky junction on surface waves in a piezoelectric semiconducting film over a metal substrate
Authors: Xu Chunyu , Wei Peijun , Wei Zibo , Guo Xiao
Published: March 2023

Shear horizontal (SH) waves propagating in a metal substrate covered with a transversely isotropic piezoelectric semiconductor thin film is analyzed in the present paper. The Schottky junction, which is created by the metal and the n-type piezoelectric semiconductor with a higher Fermi level, can be seen as an electrically gradient layer between the substrate and the thin film. The transfer matrix of the Schottky junction is derived by using Magnus series expansion and approximate laminated medium methods, respectively. The influences of the Schottky junction, semiconductor coupling, doping density, and electric boundary conditions on the dispersion and attenuation and the first three wave modes are discussed via numerical example. It reveals that numerical results obtained by these two methods are well matched and the existence of Schottky junction has less influence on the dispersion of SH surface wave although, but evidently influences on the attenuation. In particular, the mode shapes of electric potential, electric displacement, carrier perturbation density, and the electric current density are affected evidently by the existence of Schottky junction.
Paradox of Revolution: A Communist Patient’s Management of Neurasthenia on a Spiritual Journey
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Gao Zhipeng
Published: March 2023

This article examines the complex, sometimes conflicting, influences of China’s Communist movement on psychotherapy and mental illness. The study is centered around the diary of a Chinese woman who simultaneously received therapeutic treatment of neurasthenia while remolding her consciousness as part of the “thought reform” campaign at the Shanghai Police School. Additionally, the study situates this diary within the broader history of psychotherapy in Communist China with highlight on the eventful life of Jiayin Huang, China’s leading psychotherapist who helped the neurasthenic patient before being forced out of the therapeutic profession. This contextualized case study produces several findings. It is found that psychotherapy and thought reform converged in several aspects, including their diagnostic and interventional functions. Meanwhile, psychotherapy and thought reform also faced irreconcilable theoretical and normative discrepancies that eventually led to the decline of psychotherapy. Finally, it is argued that China’s Communist movement exerted seemingly paradoxical impact on the neurasthenic patient. On the one hand, it pathologized the patient’s psychology on an ideological ground; on the other, it promised the possibility of spiritual salvation through dedication to the revolutionary cause.
A Market Segmentation Study of Solo Travel Intentions and Constraints
Authors: Yang Elaine Chiao Ling , Liang Austin Rong Da , Lin Jie Heng
Published: March 2023

This study provides a market segmentation analysis of the prospective solo travel market based on perceived travel constraints. The data were collected from 1,017 Australian consumers. Using the Fuzzy C-Mean method, the study identified three segments: highly constrained, soloist, and socializer. The segments were distinctive in terms of perceived constraints and solo travel attitudes and intentions. The differences among the segments were investigated further using the concept of self-construal, measured by the level of autonomy and relatedness. Significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics were observed, especially regarding gender, age, and solo dwelling status. Practical recommendations are provided to inform strategies intended to offset travel constraints and create tourism experiences that cater to the needs of different prospective solo travel segments.
A Computational Approach to Predict the Role of Genetic Alterations in Methyltransferase Histones Genes With Implications in Liver Cancer
Authors: Aravena Tania Isabella , Valdés Elizabeth , Ayala Nicolás , D’Afonseca Vívian
Published: March 2023

Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) comprise a subclass of epigenetic regulators. Dysregulation of these enzymes results in aberrant epigenetic regulation, commonly observed in various tumor types, including hepatocellular adenocarcinoma (HCC). Probably, these epigenetic changes could lead to tumorigenesis processes. To predict how histone methyltransferase genes and their genetic alterations (somatic mutations, somatic copy number alterations, and gene expression changes) are involved in hepatocellular adenocarcinoma processes, we performed an integrated computational analysis of genetic alterations in 50 HMT genes present in hepatocellular adenocarcinoma. Biological data were obtained through the public repository with 360 samples from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Through these biological data, we identified 10 HMT genes ( SETDB1, ASH1L, SMYD2, SMYD3, EHMT2, SETD3, PRDM14, PRDM16, KMT2C, and NSD3) with a significant genetic alteration rate (14%) within 360 samples. Of these 10 HMT genes, KMT2C and ASH1L have the highest mutation rate in HCC samples, 5.6% and 2.8%, respectively. Regarding somatic copy number alteration, ASH1L and SETDB1 are amplified in several samples, while SETD3, PRDM14, and NSD3 showed a high rate of large deletion. Finally, SETDB1, SETD3, PRDM14, and NSD3 could play an important role in the progression of hepatocellular adenocarcinoma since alterations in these genes lead to a decrease in patient survival, unlike patients who present these genes without genetic alterations. Our computational analysis provides new insights that help to understand how HMTs are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as provide a basis for future experimental investigations using HMTs as genetic targets against hepatocellular carcinoma.
Inconsistent Surgical Implant Documentation: A Case Study in Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Cho Logan D , Hruby Gregory W , Illescas Alex H , Sanderson Mark , Memtsoudis Stavros G , Poeran Jashvant , Weber Ellerie
Published: March 2023

Value-based care initiatives require accurate quantification of resource utilization. This study explores hospital resource documentation performance for total knee and hip arthroplasty (TKA, THA) implants and how this may differ between hospitals. This retrospective study utilized the Premier discharge database, years 2006 to 2020. TKA/THA cases were categorized into 5 tiers based upon the completeness of implant component documentation: Platinum, Gold, Silver, Bronze, Poor. Correlation between TKA and THA documentation performance (per-hospital percentage of Platinum cases) was assessed. Logistic regression analyses measured the association between hospital characteristics (region, teaching status, bed size, urban/rural) and satisfactory documentation. TKA/THA implant documentation performance was compared to documentation for endovascular stent procedures. Individual hospitals tended to have very complete (Platinum) or very incomplete (Poor) documentation for both TKA and THA. TKA and THA documentation performance were correlated (correlation coefficient = .70). Teaching hospitals were less likely to have satisfactory documentation for both TKA ( P = .002) and THA ( P = .029). Documentation for endovascular stent procedures was superior compared to TKA/THA. Hospitals’ TKA and THA-related implant documentation performance is generally either very proficient or very poor, in contrast with often well-documented endovascular stent procedures. Hospital characteristics, other than teaching status, do not appear to impact TKA/THA documentation completeness.
Intra-operative Diagnosis of Lower Segment Scar Dehiscence in a Second Gravida After One Previous Lower Segment Cesarean Section: Should We Advocate for Routine Antenatal Uterine Scar Thickness Testing?
Authors: Eleje George Uchenna , Udigwe Gerald Okanandu , Okafor Chigozie Geoffrey , Njoku Tobechi Kingsley , Okoro Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem , Onyejiaka Chukwudubem Chinagorom , Igbodike Emeka Philip , Ekwebene Onyeka Chukwudalu , Nwankwo Ekeuda Uchenna , Okolie Perpetua Chinedu , Egwuatu Emmanuel Chukwubuikem , Nkesi John Chukwuebuka , Okafor Obinna Carl , Okeke Chidimma Maryvianny , Malachy Divinefavour Echezona , Dimgba Ogechi Odinakachukwu , Okeke Nwabueze Chidozie , Okeke Kenechukwu Chukwudum , Nwadili Bernard Kachi , Ugwuoroko Harrison Chiro , Madubuko Casmir Chukwudi , Onyejiaku Lambert Chukwu
Published: March 2023

Background:

Uterine dehiscence is a separation of uterine musculature with intact uterine serosa. It can be encountered at the time of cesarean delivery, suspected on obstetric ultrasound or diagnosed in-between pregnancies. The antenatal diagnosis may occasionally elude the Obstetricians. This particular case demonstrates an intra-operative diagnosis of uterine dehiscence with missed antenatal ultrasound diagnosis in an asymptomatic woman.

Case presentation:

She was a 32-year-old Nigerian second gravida who booked for antenatal care at 32 weeks of gestation following a referral from her attending Obstetrician from a neighboring state due to relocation. She had 3 antenatal visits and 2 antenatal ultrasound investigations without uterine scar thickness report. She subsequently had elective Cesarean section (CS) at a gestational age of 38 weeks plus 2 days due to persistent breech presentation on a background of a previous lower segment CS scar. There was no previous uterine curettage prior to or after the previous lower segment CS scar and there was no labor pains prior to the elective CS. The surgery was successful with intra-operative findings of moderate intra parietal peritoneal adhesions with rectus sheath and obvious uterine dehiscence along the line of the previous CS scar. The fetal outcomes were normal. Immediate post-operative condition was satisfactory and the woman was discharged on a third-day post operation.

Conclusion:

Obstetricians are charged to maintain a high index of suspicion when managing pregnant women with history of emergency CS in order to avert the adverse consequences of uterine rupture from asymptomatic uterine dehiscence. Based on this report, it may be useful to routinely assess the lower uterine segment scar of women with previous emergency CS using the available ultrasound facilities. However, more studies are needed before advocating for routine antenatal uterine scar thickness testing following emergency lower segment CS in low and middle-income settings.
Place formulations and the incongruity procedure: On police officers’ practices for assembling appearances of wrongdoing
Authors: Buscariolli André
Published: March 2023

‘Place’ is central to police work. Not only does the law prescribe proper uses of public spaces, but officers learn how to infer suspicion from people’s conduct and appearances at particular places. This article uses conversation analysis to examine how officers formulate place to render suspicious behavior accountably visible in their interactions with the public. Data come from recordings of police encounters in two American West Coast cities – the first dataset constitutes dashcam videos, and the second, videos recorded during ride-alongs. Findings suggest that officers use place formulations to (1) indicate violations in legally prescribed uses of space, (2) highlight incongruent elements in civilians’ conduct (e.g. proximity to incriminating objects), serving as a basis for inferring concealed wrongdoing, and (3) cast civilians’ presence in particular geographical areas as ‘out-of-place’. As place formulations do things in the interaction (i.e. accusing, questioning, accounting), the meaning officers ascribe to place is contingent upon ongoing courses of action.
Arguing through best practice: The role of argumentation from example in activists’ social media posts on sustainable fashion
Authors: Greco Sara , Mercuri Chiara , Cock Barbara De , Schär Rebecca
Published: March 2023

Examining a multilingual dataset of Twitter and Instagram messages posted by a variety of actors (NGOs and individual activists, small brands, and others) during the 2020 and 2021 Fashion Revolution Week campaigns for a more sustainable fashion system, we analyze frequently occurring discursive representations and self-representations that include individual mentions of persons or small brands. We show that individual mentions are mostly proposed in the tweets and Instagram messages posted by small brands and that they count as argumentation from example. Arguments based on a locus from example are part of two simultaneous argumentative patterns, responding to different issues and using two different maxims, respectively based on induction and from a principle ‘from truth to possibility’; in the latter case, brands represent themselves as best practice cases, showing that a more sustainable fashion system is possible because it is already happening. Our findings contribute to explaining how the activity type of digital activism successfully integrates multiple goals of different actors (citizens, NGOs, brands) in the campaigning by offering the possibility of simultaneous argumentation.
Beliefs around help-Seeking and Support for Dementia in the Australian Arabic Speaking Community
Authors: Allam Issra , Gresham Meredith , Phillipson Lyn , Brodaty Henry , Low Lee-Fay
Published: March 2023

Background

The number of people with dementia in multicultural Australia is rapidly increasing. Despite its culturally diverse population, there is limited research about how people from ethnic minority groups understand and approach help-seeking and support for dementia. The aim of this study is to understand the perceptions of dementia symptoms, help-seeking and support in the Australian Arabic-speaking community.

Methods

This study used a cross-sectional qualitative research design. Individual, semi-structured interviews using projective stimulus techniques were used. Participants were three Arabic-speaking people aged over 70 who were experiencing cognitive changes or dementia symptoms, six carers, and five health or social care practitioners experienced in working with Arab-Australians. Phone or video chat interviews were conducted in either Arabic or English. Interviews were audiotaped, translated when needed, transcribed verbatim and inductive thematic analysis was undertaken.

Findings

Seven themes were identified. Participants described dementia as relating to symptoms of confusion and memory loss. Carers and older people believe that when older people are experiencing these cognitive symptoms, they must be cared for primarily by ensuring their happiness and comfort. Barriers to help-seeking and support included a lack of help-seeking due to cultural norms of family orientated care, families are unsure of where to seek help and fear of community judgement. Two ways to facilitate help-seeking and support were to build trust through culturally appropriate support and to educate the community.

Conclusion

Family, trust and community were identified as central pillars of the Australian-Arabic-speaking community. There is a need to increase dementia literacy in this community particularly around help-seeking and decreasing stigma. Education should be promoted by trusted community members and religious leaders. As the first point of professional contact, general practitioners need to be upskilled to support Arabic-speaking Australians around dementia.
Clinical Validation and Treatment Plan Evaluation Based on Autodelineation of the Clinical Target Volume for Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Shen Jing , Tao Yinjie , Guan Hui , Zhen Hongnan , He Lei , Dong Tingting , Wang Shaobin , Chen Yu , Chen Qi , Liu Zhikai , Zhang Fuquan
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Clinical target volumes (CTVs) and organs at risk (OARs) could be autocontoured to save workload. This study aimed to assess a convolutional neural network for automatic and accurate CTV and OARs in prostate cancer, while comparing possible treatment plans based on autocontouring CTV to clinical treatment plans.

Methods

Computer tomography (CT) scans of 217 patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated at our hospital were retrospectively collected and analyzed from January 2013 to January 2019. A deep learning-based method, CUNet, was used to delineate CTV and OARs. A training set of 195 CT scans and a test set of 28 CT scans were randomly chosen from the dataset. The mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (95HD), and subjective evaluation were used to evaluate the performance of this strategy. Predetermined evaluation criteria were used to grade treatment plans, and percentage errors for clinical doses to the planned target volume (PTV) and OARs were calculated.

Results

The mean DSC and 95HD values of the defined CTVs were (0.84 ± 0.05) and (5.04 ± 2.15) mm, respectively. The average delineation time was < 15 s for each patient's CT scan. The overall positive rates for clinicians A and B were 53.15% versus 46.85%, and 54.05% versus 45.95%, respectively ( P > .05) when CTV outlines from CUNet were blindly chosen and compared with the ground truth (GT). Furthermore, 8 test patients were randomly chosen to design the predicted plan based on the autocontouring CTVs and OARs, demonstrating acceptable agreement with the clinical plan: average absolute dose differences in mean value of D2, D50, D98, Dmax, and Dmean for PTV were within 0.74%, and average absolute volume differences in mean value of V45 and V50 for OARs were within 3.4%.

Conclusion

Our results revealed that the CTVs and OARs for prostate cancer defined by CUNet were close to the GT. CUNet could halve the time spent by radiation oncologists in contouring, demonstrating the potential of the novel autocontouring method.
Endovascular Strategy for Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis Secondary to Deep Venous Thrombosis of the Lower Extremities: Early Experience From Two Centres
Authors: Wang Yue , Gu Jingxiao , Lu Liu , Yang Yadan , Zhang Wenwen , Huang Chen
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the safety, feasibility and technical aspects of endovascular treatments for inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis secondary to deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective study of patients from two centres who received endovascular treatment for IVC thrombosis from January 2015 to December 2020. Under the protection of the IVC filter, all lesions were treated with manual aspiration thrombectomy (MAT) followed by catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT). Technical aspects, complications, IVC patency, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) score and Villalta score were recorded during the follow-up observation.

Results

Endovascular procedures including MAT and CDT were performed successfully in 36 patients (97.3%). The average duration of the endovascular procedure was 71 minutes (range: 35-152 min). To protect against fatal pulmonary artery embolism, 33 filters (91.7%) were deployed in the inferior renal IVC, while three patients (8.3%) received filter implantation in the retrohepatic IVC. No severe complications occurred during the procedure. In the follow-up observations, the cumulative primary and secondary patency rates in IVC were 95% and 100%, respectively. The patency rates for the iliac vein were as follows: a primary patency rate of 77% and a secondary patency rate of 85%. The average VCSS score was 5.9 ± 2.6, and the Villalta score was 3.9 ± 2.2. The rate of post thrombotic syndrome is 22% in our study as assessed by the villalta score (Villalta score>4).

Conclusions

Endovascular treatment for IVC thrombosis secondary to DVT of the lower extremities is feasible, safe, and effective. This strategy alleviates venous insufficiency and results in a high patency rate in IVC.
Subgroup analyses and pre-specification
Authors: Unger Ellis F
Published: March 2023

Large clinical trials provide the opportunity to assess treatment effects in subgroups of patients, based on baseline demographic and disease-related factors, and there is always great interest in these analyses. Generally, the term “pre-specification” has major ramifications for clinical trials, particularly for adequate and well-controlled trials that are designed for formal hypothesis testing. Pre-specification is the “holy grail” of modern trials, as choosing analytical approaches with data in-hand will inflate the type I error rate. But “pre-specification” often has a different meaning with respect to subgroup analyses.
School principals’ emotionally draining situations and student discipline issues in the context of work intensification
Authors: Pollock Katina , Nielsen Ruth , Wang Fei
Published: March 2023

Over the past decade, research into principals’ work intensification has revealed that principals spend significant work hours on student discipline and attendance issues, and that they report high levels of emotionally draining situations. In the current study, we examined the relationship between student discipline issues and principals’ emotionally draining situations to determine if variables related to student discipline issues affected principals’ experiences of emotionally draining situations. Using a correlational research design with hierarchical regression, we analysed data from a digital survey of school principals in Ontario, Canada. A total of 1434 surveys were included in the final analysis, with respondents from elementary, high-school and combined schools. Results showed a correlation between student discipline and attendance issues and principals’ experiences of emotionally draining situations, while also showing that student discipline and student and parent mental health were strong predictors of principals’ experiences of emotionally draining situations. These findings have important implications in supporting principals: These insights can inform principal preparation programmes by showing the need for increased training on identifying and treating emotionally draining situations. Insights may also encourage policymakers to review student discipline and student/parent mental health policies in light of the revelation of their impact on principals’ work.
Leader-in-context and historical leadership research
Authors: Sanders Paul
Published: March 2023

Context remains an undervalued property in leadership studies (LS). After diagnosing some of the reasons for the dominance of leader centrism in LS, the article turns its attention to remedies. In doing so, it outlines a formula for what should be the prime lens in LS: the way in which leader and context interact, and how this is related to outcomes. Arguing that this leader-in-context is key to the understanding of leadership, the article suggests turning to history for modelling. As a discipline, history is well-suited to providing answers as to which part in specific outcomes are attributable to contextual factors, and which part belongs to the leader. The suggested method of leader-context attribution turns around comparative research and hermeneutics, supplemented by a dose of contrarianism. This allows for the determination of leitmotifs, two of which - context dependency and leadership as an organizational process that leverages collective force - are sketched in detail, through the use of case study material. Another fixture of the historical method that can be put to good use in investigating leader-context is kairos - the capacity to recognize, choose and capitalize on the opportune moment, and maintain momentum. The article concludes with a brief outlook on research desiderata; on how to take this new historical perspective in LS to the next level of scientific probity; and on the obstacles that stand in the way of this agenda.