bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explaining the Process of Spiritual healing of Critically-ill Patients: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Forough Rafii  , Mahmoud Eisavi  , Mehdi Safarabadi
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Spiritual healing is one of the most intriguing category of alternative and complementary medicine. The aim of this study was to explain the process of spiritual healing in patients with refractory diseases in Iran.METHODS: This grounded theory study was conducted in Iran from 2018 to 2019. The participants were 14 patients with refractory diseases and 4 healers whom were first selected through purposeful and then theoretical sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data on patients and healers. All the interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data were coded and grouped under specific categories and analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin’s approach (2008).RESULTS: Four main categories emerged from data analysis including: I) frustration to initial acceptance II) disbelief to trust III) evaluation to action and IV) doubt to certainty.CONCLUSION: The results of our study provide context-specific factors affecting the complex and multifactorial nature of spiritual healing process in patients with refractory diseases. Health care professional can use these findings in designing and implementing appropriate interventions to integrate spiritual healing into their holistic practices of care. .
Feasibility of Malaria Elimination in Ethiopia
Authors: Gessessew Bugssa  , Kiros Tedla
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: The problem of malaria is very severe in Ethiopia where it has been the major cause of illness and death for many years. The purpose of this review article is to assess the feasibility of malaria elimination in Ethiopia.METHOD: To compile this review article, different relevant research articles related to the topic from open access journals were searched using different searching engines such as Google scholar, Science direct, and Pub Med using different key words and phrases.RESULT: Based on review of the literature, Ethiopia has been trying to control and eliminate malaria for more than 60 years. To assess feasibility of malaria elimination, the WHO assessment tools/recommendations for elimination of malaria were used. Based on WHO parameters, the country has achieved remarkable progress on the fight against malaria during the most recent decades. Malaria morbidity and mortality have been reduced dramatically with intensive use of insecticide residual spray, long lasting insecticide treated nets, chemotherapies, improved diagnosis and case management, improved quality of laboratories, continued support from malaria partners, and political commitment of the Ethiopian government towards malaria prevention and control. Hence, the past achievements and current activities, have led to consider the possibility of malaria elimination in Ethiopia at least by 2030 or beyond.CONCLUSION: Considering the triumphs achieved so far and the current undertaking efforts, malaria could possibly be eliminated from Ethiopia once and for all.
Three Consecutive Waves of Cholera Outbreak in Ethiopia (2015- 2017): Explanatory Analysis
Authors: Neamin Tesfay  , Mengistu Biru
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Cholera is an acute epidemic infectious disease. It is characterized by watery diarrhea, extreme loss of fluid and electrolytes, and severe dehydration. Ethiopia faced three consecutive waves of cholera outbreaks: nearly all regional states and city administrations, with the exception of one, were affected. The study was conducted with the aim of describing the epidemiology of the outbreak within the defined three years.METHODS: Secondary data review was conducted along with explanatory methods of analysis individual patient data reported from different corners of the country in the time period of 2015 –2017. Cases were identified using the case definition stated on the national guideline for cholera control in Ethiopia.RESULT: A total of 36,154 cholera cases and 246 deaths were reported (overall case-fatality rate [CFR=0.7%] affecting all regions of the country except Gambella). The outbreak began in 2015 with 238 cases and 2 deaths [CFR=0.8%]. The largest outbreak during the period under this study occurred in 2016, with 29,338 cases and 188 deaths [CFR=0. 6%]. Following a decline in disease occurrence, the country experienced a resurgence of epidemic cholera during 2017 (6,578 cases and 56 deaths; CFR, 0.9%), which declined rapidly to a few cases. AR was higher in males [37.01/100,000] and persons in the age group of 15–44years [44.10/100,000] in 2016.CONCLUSION: The outbreak affected nearly every corner of the country. Taken together, the epidemiological trends of cholera in Ethiopia showed an annual decrement in frequency and length of outbreaks during the 3 years under review. The recent decreases in cholera case counts may reflect cholera control measures put in place by public health authorities of the national Ministry of Health.
Factors Influencing Compliance with The Utilization of Effective Malaria Treatment and Preventive Measures in Wulu, South Sudan
Authors: Gabriel O. Ayeni  , Oladapo M. Olagbegi  , Thayananthee Nadasan  , Okwuoma C. Abanobi  , Ebenezer O. Daniel
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: High incidence of malaria disease in South Sudan may be largely due to poor/non-compliance with effective treatment and preventive measures. This study examined factors limiting/enhancing compliance with the utilization of known and effective malaria treatment and preventive measures in Wulu, South Sudan.METHODS: A case-control study involving 396 respondents was conducted. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire to elicit information regarding socio-demographics and factors influencing compliance with using available treatment and preventive measures for malaria.RESULTS: Respondents diagnosed with malaria reported lack of insecticide treated nets (51.5%) and forgetfulness (16.6%) as reasons for not using insecticide treated nets. About 26% of them lacked the knowledge of insecticide treated net’s usefulness, while 57.5% of them did not consider it necessary to have door/window barriers. About 44% of all respondents forgot to take prescribed drugs at the right time while 14.5% of them did not complete drug prescriptions because they felt relief of symptoms. There were significant associations between identified factors of compliance to treatment/preventive measures and occurrence of malaria (all at p < 0.001). Having insecticide treated nets (OR: 5.78; CI: 3.46-9.00), awareness of its benefits (OR: 8.76; CI: 3.02-25.37), being taught on its use (OR: 3.35; CI: 2.17-5.18) and understanding of its use (OR: 3.80; CI: 2.01-7.20) were significantly associated with year-round utilization of insecticide treated nets.CONCLUSION: Poor access to and knowledge of malaria treatment, control and preventive measures are leading barriers to their effective utilization in Wulu.
Sequence Analysis of Pvama-1 among Plasmodium Vivax Isolates in Sistan-Baluchistan
Authors: Hadi Mirahmadi  , Tahere Safari  , Malihe Metanat  , Eyed Mehdi Tabatabaei  , Ahmad Mehravaran  , Saber Raeghi
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Apical Membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) is an important membrane protein that presents in all Plasmodium species and participates in critical phases in the attraction of cells. In human, it is one of the most immunodominant antigens with a protective immune response simulation role Apical Membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) is an important membrane protein which presents in all Plasmodium species and is located on the surface of merozoite and sporozoites that participates in critical phases in attraction of human red blood cells by merozoites and hepatocytes by sporozoites, so in human, it is one of the most immunodominant antigens with a protective immune response simulation role. Since extra information is necessary to lighten of AMA-1 scope, we equaled genetic variation in P.vivax AMA-1 from 40 Iranian isolates with those reported from the other malarious countries.METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 40 patients’ positive of P.vivax, and genomic DNA was extracted from the blood. The nucleotide sequence for 446 amino acid (AA) residues (42–488 of PvAMA-1) of AMA-1 gene was amplified via PCR and then sequenced.RESULTS: A total of 24 different haplotypes were recognized between samples. No new haplotype was determined in this research that was reported previously in other regions of Iran and the world. We detected 37-point mutations at the nucleotide level in their sequences and showed 43 amino acid variations, at 37 positions in which 6 sites demonstrate trimorphic polymorphism, and the others were dimorphic.CONCLUSION: Sequence analysis of the major haplotype showed 95% similarity with P.vivax Sal-1 AMA-1 gene and high level of allelic diversity at the domain I of PvAMA-1 among P. vivaxisolates of Iran. Because PvAMA-1 is noticeable as vaccinecandidate antigen, these documents provide valuable informationfor the development of malaria vaccine.
Editorial message
Authors: Abraham Haileamlak
Published: October 2020

Editorial message
Surgical Admissions and Treatment Outcomes at a Tertiary Hospital Intensive Care Unit in Ethiopia: A Two-Year Review
Authors: Kirubel Abebe  , Tesfaye Negasa  , Fitsum Argaw
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND፡ Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a special unit where critically ill patients who require advanced respiratory or hemodynamic support are admitted. Little has been published about surgical intensive care unit patients in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of admission and treatment outcomes of adult surgical patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC).METHODS: A two-year retrospective medical record review of all adult surgical patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College .RESULTS: Surgical patients made up 91(22.1%) of 411 admissions of adult intensive care unit.Of these, 82 (M: F = 1.5:1) patients were analyzed. Age ranged from 16 to 82 years with a mean age of 43 years (SD +/-18.2). Emergency admissions accounted for 70(85.4%) cases. The top three primary admission diagnoses were generalized peritonitis secondary to perforated viscus (25,30.5%), bowel obstruction (21,25.6 %) and trauma (13,15.9%). Acute respiratory failure (38,46.3%) and septic shock (23,28.0%) were the leading indications of intensive care unitadmission. Most patients (62,75.6%) received mechanical ventilatory support.The mean length of intensive care unit stay was 7.3 days (SD+/-5.2).Death occurred in 33(40.2%) patients. Mortality was higher in those who stayed for 48hours (OR=5.6;95% CI 1.60-19.69; p=0.007) and in ventilated patients (OR=5.3; 95% CI 1.41-19.98; p=0.013).CONCLUSION:The observed mortality in this review was higher than the one in most reports. It was significantly high in patients who stayed for 48 hours and in those who required mechanical ventilatory support.
Evaluation of the Inter and Intra-Observer Reliability of the AO Classification of Intertrochanteric Fractures and the Device Choice (DHS, PFNA, and DCS) of Fixations
Authors: Mohamed Zarie  , Mohamed Farah Mohamoud  , Amir Reza Farhoud  , Nima Bagheri  , Furqan Mohammed Yaseen Khan  , Mahdi Heshmatifar  , Hadi Klantar
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:ArbeitsgemeinschaftfürOsteosynthesefragen (AO) classification is the most frequently used tool to classify intertrochanteric fractures. However, there is limited evidence regarding its reliability. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of the AO-2018 intertrochanteric fracture classification.METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted in Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, on radiography of patients who came with intertrochanteric fractures from March 21, 2018, to March 19, 2019. Four orthopedic trauma surgeons assessed 96 anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of intertrochanteric fractures and classified using an AO intertrochanteric fracture classification of 2018. The reading and review of radiography were performed in 2 separate occasions in a 1-month interval. The inter-observer and intra-observer reliability was assessed using kappa statistics.RESULT: The level of both mean inter-observer (K =0.322; 95%CI: 0.321-0.323) and intra-observer agreement (K =0.317; 95%CI: 0.314-0.320) in AO intertrochanteric fracture classification subgrouping were not satisfactory. The inter-observer (K =0.61; 95%CI: 0.608-0.611) and intra-observers’ (K=0.560;95%CI: 0.544-0.566) reliability in AO main groupings showed moderate agreement.CONCLUSION: The AO classification does not show adequate and acceptable inter-observer and intra-observer reliability and reproducibility. Therefore, it will be hard to base on the AO classification for treatment protocols.
Justification and Optimization Principles of ALARA in Pediatric CT at a Teaching Hospital in Ethiopia
Authors: Daniel Z. Solomon  , Bezawit Ayalew  , Seife T. Dellie  , Daniel Admasie
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Radiation from CT (computerized tomography), poses risk of radiation associated cancer. Studies indicate a cumulative dose of 50mGy triples the risk of leukemia and a dose of 60mGy triples the risk of brain tumors in children. This study aimed to assess the application of “Justification and Optimization Principles of ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable)” in pediatric CT.METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to July 2018 G.C at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. CT request forms were reviewed. All pediatric patients listed for CT were included. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty nine CT requests were reviewed, 246 (57.3%) were males and 183(42.7%) were females; 52(12.1%) were less than 1 year old, 153(35.7%) between 1 to 5 years, 113(26.3%) between 5 to 10 years and 111(25.8%) 10 to 14 years old. On the other hand, 28(6.5%) scan requests were rejected based on the ALARA justification principle, and from these, in 11(39.2%) MRI was recommended instead of CT, in 6(21.42%) US was recommended. Review of previous CT helped to reject 4(14.28%). Review of prior chest radiographs helped in rejecting 2(7.14%) requests. For 5(17.8%) and 19(4.4%), requests were optimized by applying principles of optimization to reduce received dose from CT.CONCLUSION: Overall, 47(11%) patients were protected from unnecessary radiation exposure by applying the principles of ALARA. The use of other alternating imaging modalities is vital in pediatric patients who are more radiosensitive and have longer time to manifest radiation induced injury.
Risk Factors for Anemia in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw  , Tadesse Yirga Akalu  , Yared Asmare Aynalem
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND፡ Anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease presents significant impacts on patients, the health-care system and financial resources. There is a significant variation in the primary studies on risk factors of anemia in this patient population across the globe.Therefore, this study aimed to identify the risk factors of anemia among chronic kidney disease patients at the global level.METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, African Journals Online, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched and complemented by manual searches. A Funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to determine publication bias. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects modes were applied to estimate pooled effect sizes, odds ratios, and 95% confidence interval across studies. Analysis was performed using STATA™ Version 14 software.RESULT: A total of 28 studies with 24,008 study participants were included in this study. Female sex (AOR= 1.36; 95% CI 1.11, 1.67), stage 5 CKD (AOR = 13.66; 95% CI: 5.19, 35.92), body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 (AOR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.91), comorbidities (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.68, 5.0), proteinuria 3+(AOR = 3.57; 95% CI: 1.03, 12.93), hypocalcemia (AOR=3.61, 95%CI: 1.56–8.36), and iron therapy (AOR: 0.59; 95% CI:0.31, 0.98) were significantly associated with anemia of chronic kidney disease.CONCLUSION: Female sex, stage 5 CKD, body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, comorbidity, and hypocalcemia were found to be significantly associated with anemia of chronic kidney disease. Therefore, situation-based interventions and country contextspecific preventive strategies should be developed to reduce the risk factors of anemia in patients with chronic renal failure.
Application of Ecological Modernisation in Sand Winning in Building Construction in Tamale, Ghana
Authors: Abu Inusah , Peprah Kenneth
Published: October 2020

Sand is a raw material in the building and construction industry. Its sustainable supply is required to support infrastructure development in  emerging cities in Ghana and elsewhere. However, sand is not adequately recognised as building construction foundational material, and is not sufficiently addressed by policy, planning, legislation and institutional management and remains a grey area in mainstream research. The increasing population in Tamale requires shelter which leads to exploitation of more sand. This study assessed sand winning from the periphery to support the core, Tamale. The study adopted crosssectional design with a mixed method approach. It involved a primary target of 200 sand winners and a secondary target of 59 household heads in a multi-stage sampling. Primary data were generated using questionnaire, key informant interview guide and personal observation. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists’ descriptive statistics, central tendencies and cross tabulation with chi square test. The results showed that sand winning was done in six districts outside Tamale Metropolitan Assembly. Sand was winned from riverbeds, river walls and sand deposits. Sand winners preferred the use of manual labour to excavators. Sand winning provided livelihoods for tipper truck drivers and loading boys. Government regulation of the activity is limited and unsatisfactory. There was cordial relationship between sand winners and sand winning communities. It is recommended that government creates an agency to manage sand winning.

Keywords: Sand Winning, Concretisation, Ecological Modernisation, Tipper Truck, Tamale
Evaluating Surface Water Quality in Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Giao
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to evaluate water quality in the canals in Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city in the period of 2018-2019. Monitoring data were collected at 10 locations distributed on Tham Tuong canal (TT1, TT2), Cai Khe canal (CK1-CK4), Bun Xang lake (BX1-BX2), Cai Son - Hang Bang canal (HB1, HB2). Water quality parameters assessed include temperature, pH, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), orthophosphate (PO4 3--P), nitrate (NO3 -- N), ammonia (NH4 +-N), nitrite (NO2 -- N) and coliforms. The results showed that water quality in the canals in Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city were contaminated with coliforms, TSS, BOD, and COD. The temperature and pH parameters were very little fluctuated, while BOD, coliforms, and DO tended to decrease in the period from 2018-2019. Particularly, the  mean P-PO4 3- in 2019 was higher than that in 2018. BOD, COD, TSS, P-PO4 3-, and coliforms in Tham Tuong canal were higher than those in other water bodies because several production and business activities are taking place. Water pollution problem in Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city needs to be solved as soon as possible to ensure healthy environment, attracting tourists to visit in Can Tho city.

Keywords: water quality, pollution, microorganisms, organic matters, suspended solids, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho
Systematic Review on Adverse Effect of Pesticide on Top Ten Importers of African Countries
Authors: Tolera Sina Temesgen
Published: October 2020

As agricultural production in African countries intensifies; pesticide utilization becomes more widespread and the users are extremely exposed to these pesticides due to lack of pesticide registration scheme; importing highly toxic pesticides; no national plan for pesticide residue; involvement of children and women. The purpose of this systematic review was to review adverse effect of pesticide among top ten imported African countries. In  this review, top ten importers African countries were selected based of imported amount for ten years were considered from imported period of 2002 to 2017. The articles were searched from PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, and MEDLINE and EMBASE engines. The first leading three continents for pesticides exported were European (48.2%), Asian (33.7%) and North America (12.7%), while the countries were China (14.3%), Germany (11.8%) and United States (11.5%) at the end of 2017. The first three leading importer of African countries were South Africa shared (25.7%), Nigeria (15.8%) and Ghana (14.5%). The three major imported pesticides were Fungicides, herbicides and insecticides. In this review, Ethiopia (827), Kenya (801), and Morocco (542) are the main importers of pesticides until end of 2017. The review also found that farmers were faced with endocrine disruption, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, cardiovascular, dermatitis and birth defects. The main associated factor for these problems were low awareness, improper handling of pesticide, and lack of training, and careless disposal of empty pesticides containers. The study concluded that more than one billion US$ of pesticides sales was carried out into ten African countries. The farmers within these country were faced different  health problems due to different determinant factors. Proper training and education should be advised for farmers 

Keywords: Adverse effect, African countries, Import, Pesticide
Effect of Post-Dehulling Treatments on Anti-Nutritional and Functional Properties of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) Flour
Authors: Makinde F.M. , Abolarin O.O.
Published: October 2020

Recently, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) has been cited for imparting specific positive health potentiating responses when properly positioned in the diet. However, inherent anti-nutritional factors in cowpea have long been recognized as concerns and require appropriate processing conditions to ameliorate adverse effects. The study focuses on effect of post-dehulling treatments on anti-nutritional and functional properties of cowpea flour. Three genotypes of cowpea (IT99K-573-2-1, IT96D-610, and IT07K-292-10) were dehulled. Dehulled cowpeas were boiled, roasted or autoclaved and prepared into flour. Raw (dehulled) cowpea genotype served as control. Anti-nutritional and functional properties of the products were determined using standard procedures. Antinutrient concentration of cowpeas differed significantly (p≤0.05) among genotypes. Tannin, phytate and oxalate concentration ranged from 31.15 to 121.80g/kg, 22.31 to 48.04 g/kg and 0.01 to 0.026g/kg respectively. Coloured beans (IT96D-610), had significantly lower anti-nutritional content than those of white beans (IT99K-573-2-1 and IT07K-292-10). All heat treatments significantly reduced the levels of  investigated anti-nutrients compared to their respective control. Water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity were found in the range of  2.12–3.07 mL/g and 1.37-1.73 mL/g, respectively. Swelling power, starch solubility, loose bulk density and packed bulk density varied between 10.79 to 18.42g/g, 0.16 to 1.52g/g, 0.64 to 0.73g/mL and 0.84 to 0.94 g/mL respectively. Colour parameters (L*, a*, b*, hab, C*) showed significant  variations among the genotypes. The combined varietal and processing variation induced significant modification in the inherent anti-nutrients and functional properties of dehulled cowpea as attested by the highly significant (p≤0.05) correlations observed. Processing of cowpea seeds in these forms presents an opportunity for extending their use beyond the dehulled seeds in food system.

Keywords: Cowpea, dehulling, treatment, nutrients, functionality
Theoretical arc of goalkeeper position in team sports. Case study: football
Authors: Barańska Anna M. , Eckes Konrad
Published: October 2020

The current position of the goalkeeper in football is a function of the course of action and each momentary position of the ball. The goalkeeper monitors the action and the place of a potential shot; however, this shot on goal is a random event. That is why it is so important to take a position in the closest goal area that takes account of the random nature of the ball’s direction. The basic principle of the strategy is to create equal opportunities for defence on the left and on the right. Using the language of geometry, this position can be placed on the bisector of the angle at which the goal can be seen from the potential shooting position. At the beginning of this research paper, the advantages associated with the goalkeeper slightly coming off the goal line along this bisector have been presented, as well as certain restrictions related. Further in the article, the task of determining the theoretical curve along which the goalkeeper should move has been undertaken. Geometrically correct, but unfavourable in practical terms, two circles, Cassini oval, a composition of the arcs of two circles and a segment of the straight line as well as the arc of the ellipse have been considered. In the second part of the paper, the point analysis of the goalkeeper’s position has been changed into real conditions – a defence zone equal to the goalkeeper’s arms’ reach has been taken into account. For these conditions, a curve has been determined, composed of two arcs of the circles and the arc of the ellipse. A detailed analysis has led to the conclusion that the discrepancy between such an arc and a homogeneous arc of the ellipse is practically negligible. Therefore, both arcs: the one composed of parts and the homogeneous one of the ellipse – can be accepted as rational and practically alternative. In this research paper, the problem has been analysed from the geometric point of view, taking into consideration a shot on goal that is a random event for the goalkeeper. The proposed theoretical goalkeeper arc ensures an optimal position, taking account of the shots coming from different directions, from the zone close to the penalty area.
Horizontal strains over the length of single section of observation line – problem analysis
Authors: Sopata Paweł
Published: October 2020

The problem of studying values of horizontal strains occurring over the length of single sides of observation line has been raised in the article. A particular attention has been paid to relevance of this issue in the aspect of assessments made with respect to hazards of mining areas. Lack of knowledge of factually occurring values of horizontal strains in the aspect of commonly determined mean index values (assigned for the entire side length) in case of substantial mutual differences may result in low credibility of prepared assessments. It may also explain arising damages to facilities on lands of thus defined category of a mining area.
Power system Frequency Prediction after disturbance based on Deep Learning
Authors: Huang Wei
Published: October 2020

In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of power system, enrich the means of power grid analysis and control, and expand the application of deep intelligent learning methods in power grid systems, the application of deep learning intelligent machine learning method in frequency prediction of large power grid is explored. First, on the basis of deep learning, the frequency response mode of large power grid is analyzed and the key characteristic quantities that affect the frequency response mode are extracted. Second, the deep belief neural network (DBN. DNN) frequency prediction model is constructed. Also, the training and testing of the model are introduced. Finally, the input and output based on the DBN.CNN prediction model and the network structure design of the model are analyzed. The prediction performance of the model is evaluated. The results show that when the number of neurons in the hidden layer is 50, the model achieves the optimal prediction effect. Increasing the number of training samples helps to improve the modeling ability and prediction accuracy of the model. For frequency prediction problems, the number of training samples should be set to ≥400, and the number of hidden layers corresponding to the model should be 5. When the number of hidden layer neurons is 10, the prediction accuracy of the DBN/DNN network is poor. When the number of hidden layer neurons is 50, the model can achieve the best prediction effect. Overall, the DBN.DNN prediction model has good prediction performance. The RMSE of the forecast data is O. 0073Hz can basically meet the actual application requirements. Therefore, the frequency prediction method based on deep belief neural network has certain advantages in accuracy and efficiency.
The Social Market Economy Model in Africa: A Policy Lesson in the Pursuit of an Inclusive Development
Authors: Mesfin Mulugeta Woldegiogis
Published: October 2020

A contextually rethought coexistence of capitalism and socialism, particularly, the ‘Third-Way’ politico-economic framework is a contemporary dominion in the pursuit of prosperous and inclusive development. Regarding the third-way position, however, there is a dearth of theoretical framework in African studies. Hence, this article aimed at exploring the theoretical significance of ordoliberalism and its social market economy model that is often praised as the secret(s) in the wake of the ‘Wirtschaftswunder’, meaning the ‘economic miracle’, of Germany. In so doing, the article has sought the common conceptual ground between the notions of the social market economy and inclusive development through the extensive review of theoretical evidence available in the secondary sources of data. The review of literature has revealed that unlike the German experience, the policy choice among the African countries, in the post-colonial era, was never consistent with ordoliberalism or social market economy. However, the post-2000 economic trajectory of Africa has shown the coexistence of the welfare state and coordinated market thereby creating a convenient condition to implement the lessons learned from the development path of Germany. Besides, the prevalent socio-economic problems in most of the Sub-Saharan African countries including demographic bulge, abject poverty, high levels of income inequality, extractive/rent-seeking institutions of governance, brain-drain, and aid/loan dependency syndrome are the major factors that underline the urgency for policy reforms geared towards an Afro-centric social market economy. Yet, the levels of economic development, historical, cultural, and geopolitical differences need to be taken into account to effectively implement the policy instruments of the social market economy in Africa.
The New Reality of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis of New Normal Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Umme Sayeda
Published: October 2020

The post-COVID-19 new normal will arise as a game-changer in the policy-making of the world states. Accordingly, this article highlights the post-pandemic Bangladesh that should integrate biology affirmatively in the policy development procedures to reshape the new normal challenges as opportunities. The grounded theory method is adopted as a quantitative analysis tool relying on the secondary sources of data to portray the significance of biopolitics as political rationality in new norm Bangladesh. The researcher has used the neo-realism approach to develop the ‘Biopolitical Rationale Theory’, which uncovers how evolving neo-realist security demands the prioritization of biopolitics in every sphere of decision making for governing the post-pandemic new standard of existence. The 2020 corona outbreak proved that human life and the environment are the ultimate means of survival rather than the traditional security arrangements and extreme economic growth which are inhumane (rationality of death and militarization), unhygienic, and destructive to the environment (exploitation of nature is profitable). The article recommends some alternative new normal policies such as non-discriminative health policy, bordering in line with International Health Regulations (IHR), digitalization with better cybersecurity, virtualization of the tourist industry (application of Extended Reality), application of Career Resilience (CR), and Strategic Flexibility Analysis tools in the re-employment and career development, greening the economy, special arrangements for emergency health crisis and undertaking actions considering the environment as a remedy rather than a crisis. The review research concludes that the inclusion of biopolitics in the Bangladesh governance system can redesign the challenges of new normal as new opportunities. But the reshaping of such a new reality will itself prevail as a considerable challenge for Bangladesh.
Trends in Contemporary International Migration of Ethiopia
Authors: Fikadu Tolossa Ayanie  , Dagnachew T. Melese  , Eyayew T. Beze  , Tihtina A. Fanta
Published: October 2020

Ethiopia is found in the ‘Eastern Africa migration system’ known for turbulent population mobility due to a host of social, economic, and political factors. The migration problem of East Africa, in which, a substantial exploration of the complexity and intensity of the migration pattern of Ethiopia has become necessary in the context of social transformation and development processes. To this end, this study is designed to provide migratory change and developmental patterns of international migration of Ethiopia in regional and sub-regional perspectives based on long-term macro statistics. The data obtained from the Reports of the United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs and World Bank’s Development Indicators have been used to describe, analyze and explain long-term patterns of international migration of Ethiopia within the regional contexts. Results show the trend that Ethiopia experienced a continuous increase in its international migrant stock in the last five decades, from less than 400,000 in 1960 to over 1 million in 2015. Refugees and transit migrants constituted the largest number of immigrants, mostly from the neighboring countries, driven by continuous conflicts and political instability. Ethiopia, once dominant in refugee flows in the Horn of Africa due to political conflict, famine, and persecution, experienced a sharp decline in the share of refugees in the Horn of Africa in the last three decades. Economic motives have recently become the prime factors in migration decisions among the Ethiopians as observed with the fact that the USA and the Middle East are the major destinations. The findings revealed that Ethiopian emigration is characterized by the inter-continental flows unlike the Sub-Saharan migration pattern known to have an intra-continental migratory link. Feminization of Ethiopian migration is also evident particularly in core destination countries of the Global North, which indicates the increasing role of females in migration decisions but also disproves the widely held perception about Ethiopians emigration to the Arab World as female-specific. In the final analysis, Ethiopia could be regarded rather as a destination, with over 1.2 million migrants, than as an origin, with just over 800,000 as of 2017, which now make the country a regional migration hub in the Horn of Africa.
Título en español
Authors: Eugene Smyth
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español
Título en español
Authors: R. T. Cotton
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español
POROVNANIE VÝŠKY NÁKLADOV ZA PRÍSTUP NA DOPRAVNÚ INFRAŠTRUKTÚRU V CESTNEJ A ŽELEZNIČNEJ NÁKLADNEJ DOPRAVE NA VYBRANÝCH ÚSEKOCH V PODMIENKACH SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY
Authors: Senko Šimon , Gnap Jozef
Published: October 2020

Príspevok sa zaoberá porovnaním nákladov spojených s prístupom na dopravnú sieť v cestnej a železničnej nákladnej doprave na vybraných úsekoch v podmienkach Slovenskej republiky. Analyzuje  náklady na vybraných trasách z hľadiska absolútnej a jednotkovej ceny a porovnáva faktory vplývajúce na tieto náklady.
KONCEPCIA BSC SYSTÉMU A JEJ VYUŽITIE V STRATEGICKOM RIADENÍ PODNIKU AUTOBUSOVEJ DOPRAVY V SR
Authors: Kicová Eva , Poniščiaková Olga
Published: October 2020

Strategické riadenie je nevyhnutnou súčasťou riadenia podniku. Predstavuje spôsob, ako zvýšiť konkurencieschopnosť podnikov. Jednou z možností využitia nástrojov strategického riadenia v spoločnostiach autobusovej dopravy je koncept systému Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Systém BSC pozostáva zo štyroch perspektív - finančnej, zákazníckej, procesnej a perspektívy učenia sa a rastu. Tieto perspektívy využívajú rôzne ukazovatele, ktoré je potrebné pri zavádzaní systému BSC v podniku rešpektovať. Analyzovali sme, ako podniky v Slovenskej republike využívajú systém BSC v strategickom riadení a výsledky prieskumu sú súčasťou tohoto príspevku. Jeho cieľom je vysvetliť metodiku systému BSC a výhody zavedenia tohto systému v praxi podnikov autobusovej dopravy.
Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesinde Yetişen Dikenli incir (Opuntia Ficus-İndica L.) Tohumlarının Bazı Fiziksel Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: DUMANOĞLU Zeynep , GÜZEL Ümral , ÇAKIR Atilla
Published: October 2020

Dikenli incir (Opuntia Ficus-İndica L.) Amerika ve Avrupa’da üretilen ve tüketilen bir meyve olmasına karşın ülkemizde sadece kıyı bölgelerdeki şehirlerde yetiştirilmektedir. Tüketiciler tarafından yerel pazarlara çıkış zamanları yoğun olarak takip edilen bir meyvedir. Bu çalışmada, dikenli incir üretim olanaklarının artırılması; ticari anlamda da üretilmesi ve işlenmesi amacı ile bitki tohumlarına ait bazı fiziksel özellikler belirlenmiştir. Çalışma 2018-2019 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Akdeniz bölgesinden toplanan on dört farklı genotipe sahip dikenli incir meyvelerinden elde edilen tohumların bazı fiziksel özellikleri (şekil-boyut, yüzey alan, ortalama aritmetik-geometrik çap, küresellik, bin dane ağırlığı) belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler p
The Effect of Boric Acid on Mechanical Properties and Structural Characterization of Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: PALTA Emre , ÇAĞLAR Hakan , ÇAĞLAR Arzu
Published: October 2020

Within the scope of this thesis, it is aimed to produce boric acid doped Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) to be used especially in other buildings that are exposed to nuclear power plants and radiation. Within this scope, a reference sample without boric acid and which fulfils the conditions of being SCC was produced, and 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% boric acid was added to concrete water respectively by weight in addition to the reference sample design. Freshly Mixed Concrete Flow Table Test, V-Funnel, L Shape Box, U Shape Box Tests were performed on these samples in order to observe whether there was a change in the conditions of being SCC. Compressive strength and flexural strength tests were performed in order to compare the change in mechanical properties of obtained samples. Also, SEM and XRD analyses were carried out in order to observe the structural characterization changes. As a result of the studies, it was observed that boric acid doped concretes had the characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete, compressive strength increased compared to reference sample, flexural strength decreased, porous structure in material decreased compared to reference sample.
Rainwater Harvesting Potential in Public Buildings: A Case Study in Katip Celebi University
Authors: HAJJAR Hadia , KILINÇ İsmet Kaan , ÜLKER Erman
Published: October 2020

Due to environmental pollution, population growth, climate change, industry development and uncontrolled water consumption, the amount of usable water today is running out. So, Municapilities are forced to find alternative water sources. For this reason, rainwater harvesting again gains interest among researchers, engineers etc. In this study, determination of the rainwater harvesting potential in Izmir Katip Celebi University is studied. The data from the flowmeters, which are installed in the men-women toilets in the central classrooms are recorded and the catchment area is calculated. According to the data, the amount of rainwater to be collected can meet the use of water in the toilets flushing. The study shows that the implementation of the rainwater harvesting system in the public buildings will contribute to reducing bill costs, and therefore the drinking water resources will be used more efficiently.
Farklı Kökenli Gübre Form ve Dozlarının Soya Fasulyesinin (Glycine max. (L.) Merrill) Tohum Çimlenmesi ve Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: KAYA Ali Rahmi , ERDÖNMEZ Hatice Kübra
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada, farklı kökenli gübre form ve dozlarının soya fasulyesi (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) tohumunun çimlenmesi ve fide gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. 6 dozda 4 gübre formunun kullanıldığı deneme, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü Endüstri Bitkileri Laboratuvarı’nın iklim dolabında (25 ± 2 °C) yürütülmüştür. Çalışma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tohumların 14 günlük gelişim süreci gözlemlenmiş ve çimlenme oranı, çimlenme indeksi, radikula uzunluğu, plumula uzunluğu, fide uzunluğu, radikula yaş ağırlığı, plumula yaş ağırlığı, fide yaş ağırlığı, radikula kuru ağırlığı, plumula kuru ağırlığı, fide kuru ağırlığı, fide vigor indeksi ve çimlenen tohum sayısı gibi çeşitli özellikler ölçülmüştür. Çalışma sonunda, gübre formları, gübre dozları ve gübre x doz interaksiyonlarına ait ortalamalar arasında çok önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Araştırmada farklı gübre formlarının; soya fasulyesinin çimlenme ve fide gelişimine ait parametreleri istatistiksel olarak önemli derecede etkilediği görülmüştür. Organik gübre formlarından OG; PU, FU, RYA, PYA, FYA, RKU, PKA ve FKA gibi incelenen özelliklerde en yüksek bulunurken, KG1 formu; Çİ hariç incelenen tüm özelliklerde en düşük bulunmuştur. İncelenen tüm özelliklerde Çİ hariç en yüksek değeri GD3 vermiştir. Yine, gübre dozları ile ilgili incelenen tüm özelliklerde RYA hariç en düşük değeri GD6 vermiştir.
3B Yazıcı Teknolojisi için Topoloji Optimizasyonu: N95 Maske Üzerine Bir Çalışma
Authors: ÖZSOY Koray , ŞENTÜRK Emre , AYDOĞAN Duygu , KORUCU Ömer Emre
Published: October 2020

Hastalık, bireylerin yaşamı açısından programlanmayan iradesi dışında ve istenmeyen bir durumdur. Hastalık, biyolojik ve psikolojik olarak öncelikle bireyi etkiler. Görünür de tek kişiyi etkilemiş gibi görünse de birden fazla kişiyi etkileyebilir ve bu yüzden zincerleme bir şekilde topluma zarar verebilir. Bulaşıcı hastalıkların tedavisi çok çeşitli olup, hastalık yapıcı mikrobun cinsine göre değişir. Bunlar; grip, kızamık, kolera, menenjit, psittakoz, sıtma, suçiçeği, tetanos, tularemi, tüberküloz, uyku hastalığı, zatürre, tifo, tifüs ve yeni tip koronavirüs (COVID-19) gibi bulaşıcı hastalıklar örnek verilebilir. Yeni koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19), ilk olarak Çin’in Vuhan Eyaleti’nde Aralık ayının sonlarında solunum yolu belirtileri (ateş, öksürük, nefes darlığı) gelişen bir grup hastada yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda ilk başta 31 Aralık 2019 da ortaya çıkan virüs 13 Ocak 2020’de tanımlanmıştır.

Çalışma N95 maske tasarımı üzerinde yapılan topoloji optimizasyonunu kapsamaktadır. Maske filtresinin kolay değiştirilebilmesi için kapak tasarımı buna uygun ergonomide tasarlanmıştır. N95 maske tasarımında; tam dolu katı model ile %30, %40 ve %50 oranında topoloji optimizasyonu ile hafifletme işlemi uygulanmış çizimler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen katı modeller 3B baskı cihazı ile 50 mm/sn baskı hızında, 0,2 mm katman kalınlığında, %15 doluluk oranında işleme parametreleri ile imal edilmiştir. Tasarımlar, Solidworks simülasyon programı ile topoloji optimizasyon modülü kullanarak sonlu elemanlar analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular kendi içerisinde karşılaştırma ile değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
Bingöl Propolis İzolatlarının Biyolojik Aktivitesinin, Lipofilik ve Uçucu Organik Bileşenlerinin Belierlenmesi
Authors: ARSERİM UÇAR Dılhun Keriman , GEÇİBESLER İbrahim Halil , SUDAĞIDAN Mert , DURSUN İnan , SÜZERER Veysel , SOLMAZ Ramazan
Published: October 2020

Çalışmada Bingöl Propolis izolatlarını biyolojik aktivitesi ve kimyasal bileşimi araştırılmıştır. Propolisin etanol izolatı (Eİ), hekzan izolatı (Hİ) ve uçucu yağ izolatı (UYİ) ham propolisten hazırlanmıştır. İzolatların lipofilik ve uçucu organik bileşenleri Gaz Kromatografisi- Kütle Spektrometresi (GC-MS) ile analiz edilmiştir. Bingöl Propolis izolatları Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus cereus (NRRL-B-3711) Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) referans patojen bakteri suşlarına karşı antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterirken, test edilen tüm propolis izolatlarına en duyarlı bakteri B. Cereus olduğu gözlenmiştir. Eİ izolatının diğer izolatlara kıyasla en yüksek antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan aktivite gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bingöl propolisinin lipofilik ve uçucu yağ izolatlarında biyoaktif bileşen varlığının, propolisin biyolojik aktivitesine katkıda bulunduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen Bingöl propolisi (Eİ ve UYİ) izolatlarının gıda sistemlerinde doğal koruyucular olarak kullanılabilme potansiyeline sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
İç ve Dış Mekanlarda Ahşap Malzemelerin Mobilya ve Yapı Malzemesi Olarak Kullanımı
Authors: ÇOLAK Mehmet , DEĞİRMENTEPE Selim
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmada, iç ve dış mekanlarda ahşap malzemelerin mobilya ve yapı malzemesi olarak kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır. Aynı zamanda araştırmanın amacına uygun olarak ahşap malzemelerin üreticileri, sektördeki girişimcileri ve üretim miktarları hakkında araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde, iç ve dış mekanlarda kullanılan mobilya ve yapılarda ahşap malzemelerin kullanım imkanları ve sektördeki üreticiler, girişimciler ve ahşap malzemelerin üretim miktarları hakkında veriler elde edilmiş ve elde edilen bilgiler neticesinde değerlendirilmelerde ve çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. Elde edilen veriler ve yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda; iç ve dış mekanlarda mobilya ve yapılarda kullanılan malzemelerde, ahşap malzemelerin kullanım olanaklarının sahip olduğu avantajlı özellikleri ile birlikte çok fazla olduğu görünmektedir. Ahşap malzemeler hakkında bazı olumsuz algılar ve iyi tanıtılamadığı gibi durumlar olmasına rağmen ahşap malzemelerin doğru tanıtılması, kullanımının teşvik edilmesi ve yaygınlaştırılması sayesinde bu problemler en aza indirgenebilir. Üreticinin, üretimin, girişimin teşvik edilmesi ve desteklenmesi önem arz etmektedir.
Estudio prospectivo del sector tecno económico de la región centro norte costera del estado Falcón. Venezuela (2018-2032)
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Experimental “Francisco Miranda”, Maldonado Leal Mayte Josefina , Rovero Sánchez Nahir Minerva ,   Universidad Politécnica Territorial Alonso Gamero
Published: October 2020

La investigación versa sobre un estudio prospectivo, cuyo objetivo principal consistió en diseñar los escenarios que impulsen el sector tecno económico de la región centro norte costeradel estado Falcón, para ello se identificaron las variables clave, reconocieron los actores, formularon las hipótesis y esbozaron los escenarios futuros. Metodológicamente, el estudio se basó en el enfoque prospectivo de Michel Godet, empleando el MIC-MAC, la construcción de escenarios y se aplicó el juego de actores con el método MACTOR, donde se pudo conocer los actores y la correlación de fuerzas. Posteriormente, se diseñaron los escenarios futuribles, partiendo de un conjunto de hipótesis. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que, en la región intervienen múltiples factores, actores y situaciones que inciden en el sector tecno económico, constituyendo un reto para los diferentes actores que hacen vida en la zona. Como reflexión final, se desprende que los integrantes del sector tecno económico tienen el reto y compromiso de impulsar un nuevo modelo de crecimiento económico y tecnológico, centrado en el uso racional de los recursos y la preservación del medio ambiente.