bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The data factor's dual attribute and its interaction effects
Authors: Guan Xingmiao , Qin Xingfang
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Data has become a factor of production. This occurs when history enters the era of big data, in which technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing and blockchain are used to collect, manipulate, mine and process data. Data is a special product of labor, a sub-derivative of other production factors.

Design/methodology/approach

The data factor has a dual attribute: being physical (technical) and social. The social attribute of the data factor can not only materialize the technical attribute but also amplify it. In other words, the data has a multiplication effect on the allocation efficiency of other production factors. The social attribute of the data is brought out via the technical attribute as the medium. From a technical perspective, this medium is strongly adhesive, and after being bonded with other factors of production, it will only lead to a physical reaction and not change the nature of other factors.

Findings

However, once these two attributes interact with each other, especially when data is combined with capital, the most adhesive factor in the market economy, a series of new social relations will then be produced based on the technical attribute, resulting in significant adjustments in social relations, involving both positive and negative externalities.

Originality/value

Therefore, to get a scientific understanding of the dual attribute and its interaction effects on the data factor, it is necessary to take the following steps. We should promote institutional design that amplifies the positive externality, with a focus on facilitating public data sharing and improving the value of commercial data development. Also, we need to strengthen institutional arrangements that prevent and control the negative externality by emphasizing data supervision based on data types and levels as well as the rule of law.
Domino’s Pizza India: growing offline presence in an online world?
Authors: Pradhan Swapna
Published: November 2022

Learning outcomes

The case study should enable the student:1. to assess the complexities of the Indian quick service restaurants (QSRs) market and its competitive dynamics;2. to infer the factors which have contributed to the growth of Domino’s Pizza in India;3. to apply different tools and techniques to assess and refine strategy;4. to evaluate Domino’s Pizza India in the context of the value chain analysis; and5. to examine the strategic options available to Domino’s India for achieving its future growth in India.

Case overview/synopsis

The case details the growth story of American pizza chain Domino’s in India. Jubilant Food Works Limited (JFL), a part of the Jubilant Bhartia Group, operates the Domino’s Pizza chain in India. The first restaurant was opened in India in 1996 and, in the initial years, the focus was on promoting and popularising “pizza” as an interesting meal replacement option. Over the years, through memorable advertising, operational efficiency and product innovation, Domino’s emerged as the market leader in the organised pizza market in India. The growth in competition both from domestic and international brands and the challenge posed by the growth of food aggregators posed challenges to its prospect of maintaining market leadership. The nationwide lockdown because of the pandemic severely impacted the foodservice industry. Significant changes were seen in the operations of the QSR and rapid growth was witnessed in online food ordering especially through food delivery apps. The management at JFL believed that the demand for QSR would increase rapidly in the country given the possibility of closure of 30%–35% of conventional restaurants. This company had raised the store addition target for FY22 to 150–175 from earlier 135 as it believed that there would be a greater demand for trusted brands. The management believed that the domestic market had the capacity to absorb 3,000 Domino’s outlets compared with the earlier estimate of 1,800–2,000 outlets. In the first quarter of FY22, it added 20 new Domino’s stores. Was the management correct in anchoring its future success on new physical retail outlets? Was there a need to revisit the strategy?

Complexity academic level

The case has been written with the objective of enabling the students to understand the dynamics of a rapidly changing emerging market. It is structured for use at a Master’s level course and an MBA audience in the subject of Business Strategy/Retail Strategy.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 11: Strategy.
Pricing and content – Netflix’s dilemma in India
Authors: Saldanha Avil , Aranha Rekha
Published: November 2022

Learning outcomes

The learning outcomes of this study are as follows:1. Analyze the pricing strategy followed by Netflix in India;2. Examine the challenges faced by media companies, including over-the-top (OTT) service providers, in developing content for target consumers in emerging markets; and3. Evaluate the dynamics of the Indian OTT industry and understand the effect of external and internal factors on the growth of Netflix in India.

Case overview/synopsis

This case discusses the dilemma faced by Netflix in India regarding pricing and content. Netflix was accused of hurting the religious and political sentiments of Indians by broadcasting bold shows such as Sacred Games and A Suitable Boy. Netflix is caught in a dilemma between its pursuit to achieve its target of achieving 100 million subscribers from India versus continuing its profitable high pricing strategy. Another key dilemma is regarding the streaming of attractive bold content which may occasionally hurt the religious/political sentiments of some Indians or stream only safe content which may be deemed as boring by its young target audience.

Complexity academic level

Undergraduate and postgraduate students studying Marketing courses in Commerce and Business Management streams can use this case.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 8: Marketing.
“Prison life is very hard and it’s made harder if you’re isolated”: COVID-19 risk mitigation strategies and the mental health of incarcerated women in California
Authors: James Jennifer E. , Riddle Leslie , Perez-Aguilar Giselle
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to describe the COVID-19 risk mitigation strategies implemented in California prisons and the impact of these policies on the mental health of incarcerated women.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with ten women who were over the age of 50 and/or had a chronic illness and had been incarcerated in California prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors also interviewed ten health-care providers working in California jails or prisons during the pandemic. Interviews were analyzed using a grounded theory coding framework and triangulated with fieldnotes from ethnographic observations of medical and legal advocacy efforts during the pandemic.

Findings

Participants described being locked in their cells for 23 hours per day or more, often for days, weeks or even months at a time in an effort to reduce the spread of COVID-19. For many participants, these lockdowns and the resulting isolation from loved ones both inside and outside of the prison were detrimental to both their physical and mental health. Participants reported that access to mental health care for those in the general population was limited prior to the pandemic, and that COVID-19 risk mitigation strategies, including the cessation of group programs and shift to cell-front mental health services, created further barriers.

Originality/value

There has been little qualitative research on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on incarcerated populations. This paper provides insight into the mental health effects of both the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19 risk mitigation strategies for the structurally vulnerable older women incarcerated in California prisons.
Structural drivers and barriers to the strategic integration of sustainability in US B-schools
Authors: Abzug Rikki
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore structural drivers and barriers that distinguish US business school Principles of Responsible Management Education (PRME) signatories from nonsignatory peer institutions, and identify structural drivers of PRME institution strategic integration of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into their ongoing responsible management education reports.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a case–control method to compare the US PRME signatory sample to a size-matched random sample of US business management programs/schools. This study uses conditional inference tree and correlation analyses to highlight distinctive structural characteristics associated with US PRME signatories and with their strategies to highlight sustainability through the SDGs.

Findings

There are significant and practically meaningful structural differences between US-based PRME signatories and US programs/schools that have not adopted the PRME principles. Further, PRME schools differentially integrate SDGs in their information sharing based on structural characteristics.

Practical implications

Understanding school/program characteristics that align with PRME and different sustainability strategies affords a better comprehension of where targeted resources might be most effective in broadening the appeal and adoption of PRME and subsequent sustainability strategy integration.

Originality/value

While previous work on PRME signatories has depended heavily on case studies of successful implementation and has examined the content of PRME activity by school, the present work compares the population of actual US signatories with a random sample of nonsignatories to determine leverage points for enacting broader PRME adoption. The study also examines the strategies that PRME schools use to integrate the UN SDGs and the structures that support such.
To be or not to be: a review of the (un)ethical salespeople literature
Authors: Anand Amitabh , Bowen Melanie , Rangarajan Deva
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Despite the prominence of ethics in mainstream marketing and sales literature, studies on the role of unethical sales practices remain sparse. As a result, we sought to fill this void by reviewing and integrating the available research on unethical sales practices.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic methodology is used to review the literature. The data study covered peer-reviewed journal publications from 2008 through 2020.

Findings

Our investigation uncovered patterns (situational ethical behavior, ethical sales organizational culture, ethical leadership of salespeople, and unethical behavior). We suggest promising avenues for further research by concluding our methodological and theoretical contribution.

Originality/value

Today’s sales profession is continually evolving, putting increased demand on salespeople to adapt to new norms. Salespeople may be enticed to engage in unethical sales tactics in these situations, endangering not just themselves, but also their organizations and clients. This research contributes to the unique nature of ethics among sales people.
How dissimilarity attributes at restaurants trigger negative emotions and associated behavioral intentions: the role of attribute performance
Authors: Sultana Most. Sharmin , Niu Xiongying , Hossain Md Shamim
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Consumers' perceptions of different aspects pertaining to servicescape and social servicescape at restaurants have received little consideration in the hospitality literature. To fill this gap, the authors develop a model that conceptualizes and empirically examines the impact of dissimilar attributes in restaurants on the development of negative emotions and the influence of negative emotions on consumers' dissatisfaction, which in turn determines consumers' behavioral intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used the moderating impact of restaurant attribute performance to support the link between negative emotions and dissimilar attributes. To achieve the study's goals, the authors conducted two investigations, Study 1 and Study 2, in Bangladesh and China, respectively. For study 1, 600 data were obtained from local Bangladeshi consumers, while for study 2, 396 foreign customers in China were surveyed. The collected data were examined by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. The authors utilized IBM Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS), version 24.0.

Findings

Both studies 1 and 2 found that dissimilar restaurant attributes had significant positive effects on the development of negative emotions, positive effects of negative emotions on consumer dissatisfaction and a positive influence of consumer dissatisfaction on consumers' behavioral intentions. Results of both studies 1 and 2 also showed that restaurant attributes performance positively moderate the relationships between dissimilar attributes and negative emotions.

Practical implications

The study's empirical results contribute to the body of knowledge in the domains of tourism, consumer psychology and consumer behavior. The study's findings can assist restaurant managers in better understanding how different features related to the servicescape and social servicescape dimensions cause unpleasant emotions and, as a result, influence consumer behavioral intentions.

Originality/value

No preceding research has looked at the link between dissimilar features and negative emotions in the restaurant setting to the authors' knowledge. Also, no previous research has looked at the moderating consequence of restaurant attributes in the association between dissimilar attributes and negative emotions. This research aims to fill those knowledge gap.
Theme park hotel experience, experiential satisfaction and behavioral intention: examination of visitors' experiences
Authors: Akel Gökhan , Cakir Engin
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This research uses the experience economy theory and tourism experiences to explore how different types of experiences in theme parks influence visitors' experiential satisfaction and behavioral intention.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected from visitors of different nationalities at a theme park hotel. The R program and JASP were used to analyze the data of the multinational sampling. JASP was used for the structural equation modeling (SEM) and the R program for the analysis of the measurement invariance.

Findings

The results highlight the existence of different visitor behavior in the experience economy, tourism experience and experiential satisfaction among visitors of several nationalities. However, the results highlight the existence of common visitor behavior on behavioral intention among visitors of these nationalities. This study reveals that visitors of different nationalities can have both diverse experiential and cultural motivations.

Practical implications

The results show that managers should apply a plan and strategy according to the differences between the nationalities. By examining visitors from different nationalities, the study was allowed to be interpreted from a wider perspective in terms of academia and industry.

Originality/value

This study makes a difference in the literature in terms of focusing on cross-national differences by examining the experiences of visitors from different nationalities by using experience economy theory and tourism experience elements in the same research model.
The moderating effect of corporate environmental responsibility on relational capital and green innovation: evidence from a knowledge-driven context
Authors: Duan Yunlong , Liu Hanxiao , Yang Meng , Chin Tachia , Peng Lijuan , Russo Giuseppe , Dezi Luca
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Given that environmental issues have become increasingly critical in business operations, from the lens of guanxi, this study explores the impact of relational capital on green innovation in a knowledge-driven context of new energy enterprises. Additionally, the moderating effect of corporate environmental responsibility (CER) on the above relationship is analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach

This study takes 162 Chinese new energy enterprises from 2010 to 2020 as the research sample. For empirical analysis, factor analysis is adopted to comprehensively measure relational capital, while green innovation is embodied in two dimensions, namely radical green innovation (RGI) and incremental green innovation (IGI).

Findings

Relational capital significantly promotes RGI and IGI. Moreover, it is found that implementing CER strengthens the positive relationship between relational capital and RGI but weakens the positive relationship between relational capital and IGI.

Originality/value

It is evident that existing literature on green innovation mainly focused on a single perspective rather than from different dimensions. In addition, few scholars have drawn from stakeholder theory to elucidate the interaction of relational capital with corporate responsibility practices. In this regard, this study examines the link between relational capital and green innovation while examining the moderating effect of CER, which provides valuable insights for future research on relational governance and innovation management. Furthermore, this study innovatively centers on new energy enterprises in China, which are pioneers and facilitators of green development, as the research subject. Considering relevant studies are still nascent in this domain, our empirical results are of extensive practical guidance for managers and practitioners to promote environmental sustainability.
The lean supply chain management response to technology uncertainty: consequences for operational performance and competitiveness
Authors: Garcia-Buendia Noelia , Moyano-Fuentes José , Maqueira Juan Manuel , Avella Lucía
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the lean supply chain management (LSCM) strategy's role as a mechanism to address technology uncertainty and provide organizations with competitive advantage.

Design/methodology/approach

An empirical study was conducted of 276 Spanish focal firms in industrial sectors that occupy an intermediate position in the supply chain to investigate the influence of technology uncertainty on LSCM implementation and the latter's effect on operational performance and competitiveness. A covariance-based structural equation model (CB-SEM) was used to test three hypotheses.

Findings

Technological uncertainty encourages progress in the implementation of lean throughout the supply chain and so is a mechanism that not only brings stability to the focal company but also improves its performance and puts it in a better competitive position.

Practical implications

Managers are suggested to consider the strategic integration with supply chain partners and the establishment of long-term relationships based on trust and commitment advocated by LSCM to enhance organizations' capabilities and effectively and flexibly respond to technological changes.

Originality/value

This study focuses on the effects of environmental uncertainty on the supply chain. The past literature has focused on the behavior of individual firms to deal with uncertainty, but this work shifts the level of analysis to the supply chain. Therefore, the strategic change to deal with what is happening in the environment is now switched to the supply chain level.
Behavioral economics and finance: a selective review of models, methods and tools
Authors: Gomes Orlando
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to survey literature on behavioral economics and finance, with particular emphasis on a selection of models, methods and tools that this strand of thought uses to approach and explain observable phenomena.

Design/methodology/approach

After a brief discussion on the meaning and context of behavioral economics, the manuscript identifies five topics of special interest: time preference, heuristics, emotions, finance and macro behavior. For each of these topics, relevant models, methods and tools are identified and scrutinized.

Findings

Behavioral economics and finance establish an effective bridge between orthodox economic thinking and new and revolutionary methods of analysis. Exploring the intricacies of human behavior can frequently be done by adapting the trivial and conventional intertemporal utility maximization models that economists insistently resort to, but to fully grasp such intricacies, a step forward is required. Agent-based models and other tools from complexity sciences constitute the analytical arsenal that is needed to improve our understanding of how behavioral issues attach to heterogeneity, local interaction, path-dependence, out-of-equilibrium dynamics and emergence.

Originality/value

Although surveys on behavioral economics and finance abound in the specialized literature, this study has the peculiarity of emphasizing five relevant topics that are particularly illustrative of the pivotal role of behavioral science in promoting the transition from the strict neoclassical perspective to a less mechanic and more organic view of economics and finance.
Bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds using the standardized INFOGEST protocol: A narrative review
Authors: Rasera Gabriela Boscariol , de Camargo Adriano Costa , de Castro Ruann Janser Soares
Published: November 2022

The INFOGEST protocol creation was a watershed for phenolic bioaccessibility studies. Because of this important initiative to standardize bioaccessibility studies, data comparisons between different laboratories are now expedited. It has been eight years since the INFOGEST protocol creation, and three from the latest update. However, the current status in terms of phenolic bioaccessibility and how far different laboratories are from reaching a consensus are still unrevealed. In this sense, this narrative review considered an evaluation of different studies that applied the INFOGEST protocol to investigate the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds. The central objective was to compile the main findings and consensus and to identify possible gaps and future opportunities. This approach intends to further facilitate the use of this protocol by professionals in the field of food science and technology and related areas, generating a reflection on the actual level of standardization of the method. Despite the differences in phenolic compounds from diverse food matrices, and their peculiar behavior, some trends could be elucidated, in terms of phenolic release, stability, and/or transformation upon in vivo digestion. In contrast, there was no general consensus regarding sample preparation, how to report results and the form to calculate bioaccessibility, making it difficult to compare different studies. There is still a long road to effectively standardize the results obtained for phenolic bioaccessibility using the INFOGEST protocol, which is also an opportunity in terms of food analysis that can impact the food industry, especially for the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods.
Who's Greenwashing Via the Media and What are the Consequences? Evidence From China
Authors: Cao Jerry , Faff Robert , He Jing , Li Yong
Published: November 2022

We show that those Chinese listed companies that are riding high on the media corporate social responsibility (CSR) ranking lists tend to have greater advertising (sales) expenses and poor environmental performance. This observation suggests that some companies opportunistically use media to greenwash their image, hoping to capture economic rents. Indeed, our evidence shows that greenwashing firms benefit in the lending market by exploiting the media to gain a kind of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) endorsement, thereby allowing them to achieve a lower cost of debt and to experience lower collateral obligations. The evidence suggests an adverse incentive to exploit ESG awareness via media coverage in weak institutional environments and opaque ESG disclosure regimes.
Alcohol use disorder as a potential risk factor forCOVID‐19 severity: A narrative review
Authors: Forsyth Christopher B. , Voigt Robin M. , Swanson Garth R. , Bishehsari Faraz , Shaikh Maliha , Zhang Lijuan , Engen Phillip , Keshavarzian Ali
Published: November 2022

In Dec. 2019‐January 2020, a pneumonia illness originating in Wuhan, China, designated ascoronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19) was shown to be caused by a novel RNA coronavirus designated assevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2). People with advanced age, male sex, and/or underlying health conditions (obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and chronic lung disease) are especially vulnerable to severe COVID‐19 symptoms and death. These risk factors impact the immune system and are also associated with poor health, chronic illness, and shortened longevity. However, a large percent of patients without these known risk factors also develops severe COVID‐19 disease that can result in death. Thus, there must exist risk factors that promote exaggerated inflammatory and immune response to the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus leading to death. One such risk factor may be alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder because these can exacerbate viral lung infections like SARS, influenza, and pneumonia. Thus, it is highly plausible that alcohol misuse is a risk factor for either increased infection rate when individuals are exposed to SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and/or more severe COVID‐19 in infected patients. Alcohol use is a well‐known risk factor for lung diseases and ARDS in SARS patients. We propose that alcohol has three key pathogenic elements in common with other COVID‐19 severity risk factors: namely, inflammatory microbiota dysbiosis, leaky gut, and systemic activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We also propose that these three elements represent targets for therapy for severe COVID‐19.
Population size and survival of the Brazilian Torrent Frog Hylodes heyeri (Anura, Hylodidae)
Authors: Struett Michelle Micarelli , Roper James Joseph , Moura Maurício Osvaldo
Published: November 2022

Population dynamics are influenced by environmental variability and understanding the abundance and persistence of individuals and populations is a fundamental goal of population ecology. Thus, estimating demographic parameters to identify the factors important for population variability is required to understand temporal and spatial dynamics. The stream‐living diurnal frog Hylodes heyeri is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil in the states of Paraná, São Paulo and Santa Catarina. Here we use capture‐mark‐recapture methods to estimate survival rates and population size of this Brazilian Torrent Frog in Pico do Marumbi State Park, Paraná. We used CJS models for an open population to estimate apparent survival, capturability and population size in two streams. The number of captures during each session was positively correlated with the minimum weekly temperature. Despite that correlation, the most parsimonious model of survival and capturability was the constant model for both parameters, resulting in a monthly survival rate of 0.38 (95% CI = 0.30–0.46). Thus, only the abundance of the frog differed in the two streams (79 vs. 36), with the population size estimate of 187 individuals. Reproduction is seasonal in the Brazilian Torrent Frog and so the low monthly survival rate suggests that animals move over time rather than die, because 38% month−1 survival should result in <1% of the population remaining after 5 months. Thus, researchers must recognize that populations are labile and individuals often move or are washed downstream during heavy rainfall, generating apparently rapid local turnover that is unlikely to reflect true mortality.
Grassland tenure reform and grassland quality in China
Authors: Hou Lingling , Liu Pengfei , Tian Xiaohui
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates the impact of land tenure reform on grassland quality in pastoral areas of China. Using nearly 40 years of remote sensing combined with survey data in the pastoral area of China, we find that the privatization of land use rights without physical (i.e., fences) or legal (i.e., certificates) protection has little impact on improving grassland quality measured by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The enhanced privatization of grassland use rights with physical or legal security significantly increases grassland quality. We show that after the privatization of land use rights with security protection, grassland quality experienced about a 3% increase. Our results suggest that switching to privatized use rights without security protection from previously cooperatively managed land may undermine the positive environmental effects of land tenure reform.
Cultural psychological processes underlying workplace remuneration in Japanese and European American contexts
Authors: Uchida Aya , Nakayama Masataka , Uchida Yukiko
Published: November 2022

Japan's remuneration systems are moving away from seniority‐based pay towards individual performance‐based pay. We tested how the latter system works within the Japanese cultural context and whether the operation and functioning of the system reflects general psychological tendencies found in Japan. Japanese (Study 1 n = 197; Study 2 n = 235) and European American (Study 1 n = 201; Study 2 n = 186) participants read vignettes that described workplace success centred on a focal employee and including a team. Participants attributed contribution and rewards (financial and status) to a range of agents and factors with graded levels of focus, from the focal employee having the greatest and luck having the least. In general, we found that Japanese participants attributed greater contribution and reward to less focal agents and factors while European American participants attributed greater contribution and reward to more focal agents, in addition to some specific differences between the tasks and reward types. We discuss implications for more nuanced theorizing of the interaction between institutional systems and psychological processes.
KITD816V mutation in blood for the diagnostic screening of systemic mastocytosis and mast cell activation syndromes
Authors: Navarro‐Navarro Paula , Álvarez‐Twose Iván , Pérez‐Pons Alba , Henriques Ana , Mayado Andrea , García‐Montero Andrés C. , Sánchez‐Muñoz Laura , González‐López Oscar , Matito Almudena , Caldas Carolina , Jara‐Acevedo María , Orfao Alberto
Published: November 2022

Background

Current diagnostic algorithms for systemic mastocytosis (SM) rely on the detection of KITD816V in blood to trigger subsequent bone marrow (BM) investigations.

Methods

Here, we correlated the KITD816V mutational status of paired blood and BM samples from 368 adults diagnosed with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) and mastocytosis and determined the potential utility of investigating KITD816V in genomic DNA from blood‐purified myeloid cell populations to increase diagnostic sensitivity. In a subset of 69 patients, we further evaluated the kinetics of the KITD816V cell burden during follow‐up and its association with disease outcome.

Results

Our results showed a high correlation (P < .0001) between the KITD816V mutation burden in blood and BM (74% concordant samples), but with a lower mean of KITD816V‐mutated cells in blood (P = .0004) and a high rate of discordant BM+/blood− samples particularly among clonal MCAS (73%) and BM mastocytosis (51%), but also in cutaneous mastocytosis (9%), indolent SM (15%), and well‐differentiated variants of indolent SM (7%). Purification of different compartments of blood‐derived myeloid cells was done in 28 patients who were BM mast cell (MC)+/blood− for KITD816V, revealing KITD816V‐mutated eosinophils (56%), basophils (25%), neutrophils (29%), and/or monocytes (31%) in most (61%) patients. Prognostically, the presence of ≥3.5% KITD816V‐mutated cells (P < .0001) and an unstable KITD816V mutation cell burden (P < .0001) in blood and/or BM were both associated with a significantly shortened progression‐free survival (PFS).

Conclusions

These results confirm the high specificity but limited sensitivity of KITD816V analysis in whole blood for the diagnostic screening of SM and other primary MCAS, which might be overcome by assessing the mutation in blood‐purified myeloid cell populations.
Gendered disruptions in academic publishing during COVID‐19
Authors: GOLUBOVIĆ JELENA , INGLIS KATHLEEN , CONNELL CHEYANNE
Published: November 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic severely disrupted work patterns in academia. There is mounting evidence that men's publishing productivity increased while women's decreased. Yet most studies of this phenomenon have analyzed authorship and peer review data separately, without considering their interrelationship. We conceptualize authorship and peer review together as visible and invisible forms of labor, a lens that connects service work to other forms of gendered unpaid labor. Drawing on a data set of author and review activity at American Ethnologist from 2014 to 2021, we blend quantitative analysis with qualitative insights from our positions as the journal's editorial assistants. We find that in 2020 women performed staggeringly more service work than men relative to their rates of manuscript submission. Our findings disrupt the discourse of “a return to normal,” which ignores the differential effects of our collective pandemic experience.
The resurrection of earlier imprints post mortem: Explaining the Turkish agricultural cooperative movement with an imprinting theory lens, 1888–1937
Authors: Soydemir Cemil Ozan , Erçek Mehmet
Published: November 2022

This study aims to extend the cooperative lifecycle theory, which builds on consecutive degeneration and regeneration of ideal cooperative values such as democracy, self‐help, and solidarity by offering a new regenerative mechanism. In this respect, the study imports multilevel imprinting theory from the organizational ecology domain to explicate the punctuated evolutionary pattern of Turkish agricultural credit cooperatives, which displayed significantly different characteristics from Raiffeisen cooperatives that cooperative discourse in Türkiye used for a long as a benchmark. The archival research undertaken in the study asserts that the imprints of Ottoman Memleket Sandiks (OMS) have stamped agricultural credit cooperatives of the Republican era long after their erosion. The resurrection of imprints was enabled by Ziraat Bank, which acted as an intermediary organization and took over the remnants of OMSs. Our analyses also suggest that the State's polity and policy transformations culminate in selective activation of past imprints within the Ziraat Bank, which, in turn, shaped the Turkish agricultural cooperative field.
A survey of mechanisms underlying current and potential COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Hebel Christian , Thomsen Allan Randrup
Published: November 2022

The emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 caught the world off guard resulting in a global health crisis. Even though COVID‐19 have caused the death of millions of people and many countries are still battling waves of infections, the odds of the pandemic ending soon have turned significantly in our favor. The key has been the development and distribution of a broad range of vaccines in record time. In this survey, we summarize the immunology required to understand the mechanisms underlying current and potential COVID‐19 vaccines. Furthermore, we provide an up to date (according to data from WHO May 27, 2022) overview of the vaccine landscape consisting of 11 approved vaccines in phase 4, and a pipeline consisting of 161 vaccine candidates in clinical development and 198 in preclinical development (World Health Organization, Draft landscape and tracker of COVID‐19 candidate vaccines [Internet], WHO, 2022). Our focus is to provide an understanding of the underlying biological mode of action of different vaccine platform designs, their advantages and disadvantages, rather than a deep dive into safety and efficacy data. We further present arguments concerning why a broad range of vaccines are needed and discuss future challenges.
Deprescription of aspirin for primary prevention is uncommon at discharge in hospitalised patients with gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Li Darrick K. , Ong Shawn Y. , Hughes Michelle L. , Hung Kenneth W. , Agarwal Ritu , Alexis Jamil , Damianos John , Sharma Shreyak , Pires Jacqueline , Nanna Michael , Laine Loren
Published: November 2022

Background

Guidelines recommend against aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). It is unknown how often patients on primary prevention aspirin hospitalised with GIB have aspirin discontinued at discharge.

Aims

To determine the rate of aspirin deprescription and explore long‐term outcomes in patients taking aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events.

Methods

We evaluated all patients hospitalised at Yale‐New Haven Hospital between January 2014 and October 2021 with GIB who were on aspirin for primary prevention. Our primary endpoint was the frequency of aspirin deprescription at discharge. Our secondary endpoints were post‐discharge hospitalisations for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or GIB. Time‐to‐event analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier curves and the log‐rank test.

Results

We identified 320 patients with GIB on aspirin for primary prevention: median age was 72 (interquartile range [IQR] 61–81) years and 297 (92.8%) were on aspirin 81 mg daily. Only 25 (9.0%) patients surviving their hospitalisation were deprescribed aspirin at discharge. Among 260 patients with follow‐up (median 1103 days; IQR 367–1670), MACE developed post‐discharge in 2/25 (8.0%) with aspirin deprescription versus 37/235 (15.7%) with aspirin continuation (log‐rank p = 0.28). 0/25 patients with aspirin deprescription had subsequent hospitalisation for GIB versus 17/235 (7.2%) who continued aspirin (log‐rank p = 0.13).

Conclusions

Aspirin for primary cardiovascular prevention was rarely deprescribed at discharge in patients hospitalised with GIB. Processes designed to ensure appropriate deprescription of aspirin are crucial to improve adherence to guidelines, thereby improving the risk–benefit ratio in patients at high risk of subsequent GIB hospitalisations with minimal increased risk of MACE.
Cusatuzumab plus azacitidine in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia ineligible for intensive treatment
Authors: Ikezoe Takayuki , Usuki Kensuke , Aida Kensuke , Hatayama Tomoyoshi , Shirahase Toru , Yamauchi Takahiro
Published: November 2022

We present the results of a phase 1 study that evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, and preliminary disease response to cusatuzumab, a novel anti‐CD70 monoclonal antibody, in combination with azacitidine, in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia Japanese participants who were not candidates for intensive treatment. In this multicenter, single‐arm study, six participants were enrolled and treated. Only in cycle 1, participants received cusatuzumab monotherapy on day 14. Subsequently, cusatuzumab was administered intravenously on days 3 and 17 at 20 mg/kg in combination with azacitidine (75 mg/m2) on days 1‐7 of each 28‐day cycle. All six participants had at least one treatment‐emergent adverse event, and the most common treatment‐emergent adverse events (all grades) were leukopenia (four participants [66.7%]) and constipation (three participants [50.0%]). No dose‐limiting toxicity was observed during the study period. The combination of cusatuzumab and azacitidine is generally well tolerated in Japanese participants, and further exploration of this combination is warranted.
Diagnostic value and cost‐effectiveness of FNA‐CT versus FNAC for medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wang Mingjun , Chen Hedan , Wang Yichao , Lei Jianyong , Li Zhihui
Published: November 2022

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic performance and cost‐effectiveness of calcitonin assays in fine‐needle aspiration washout fluid (FNA‐CT) compared to fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).

Methods

A total of 27,404 patients from three medical centres between January 2020 and May 2022 were screened for serum calcitonin (sCT). Of whom, 223 patients met endpoints and were enroled for analyses. Based on sCT levels, patients were divided into two groups (group 1: 10 pg/ml< sCT ≤100 pg/ml and group 2: sCT > 100 pg/ml). The diagnostic performance and cost‐effectiveness of FNA‐CT and FNAC were compared.

Results

Most patients (N = 25,228; 92.1%) with thyroid nodules had normal sCT levels. In group 1, 24 and 167 nodules were diagnosed as MTC and non‐MTC lesions, respectively. FNA‐CT showed better performance in diagnosing MTC than FNAC in terms of sensitivity (100.0% vs. 58.3%), negative predictive value (100.0% vs. 94.3%), and overall accuracy (100.0% vs. 94.7%). In group 2, 67 and 7 nodules were diagnosed as MTC and non‐MTC lesions, respectively. The diagnostic performance of FNA‐CT was superior to FNAC in terms of sensitivity (100.0% vs. 64.2%), negative predictive value (100.0% vs. 22.6%), and overall accuracy (100.0% vs. 67.6%). Furthermore, analysis from the decision tree model showed that FNA‐CT was a cost‐effective tool for diagnosing MTC lesions.

Conclusions

FNA‐CT can serve as an auxiliary and cost‐effective approach for patients with indeterminate sCT levels to detect occult MTC lesions. FNA‐CT can be recommended for patients with sCT >100 pg/ml to overcome the high false‐negative rate of FNAC.
A child‐centred asylum policy: Building on evidence and unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children's views
Authors: Gornik Barbara
Published: November 2022

The political sphere is typically reserved for adults in contemporary nation‐states, leaving limited opportunities for children's participation in democratic processes. This holds even more true for unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children who are politically unrepresented and often find themselves in a precarious position due to their immigrant status. The article aims to overcome this gap by presenting their experiences of Slovenian reception and asylum procedures as a framework for child‐informed policy. The child‐centred approach as presented in this paper starts from the principles of children's rights, particularly from the right to express views (Article 12 of the CRC) and the use of children's viewpoints as a way of interpreting how reception and asylum procedures should be. In this way, the paper highlights key factors that affect unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children's well‐being and participation rights, including being able to stay with family and friends, having adequate material conditions, having good relationships with institutional staff, having access to information and legal advice, having trained interviewers, translators and decision‐makers.
Post‐operative survival in head and neck cancer patients with elevated troponins
Authors: Hua Gordon , Levin Marc , Zhang Han , Xie Michael , McHugh Tobial , Gupta Michael
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The strenuous demands of head and neck cancer surgery (HNS) place patients at increased risk of myocardial injury. Troponin positivity (TP) post‐operatively is a predictor of increased complications and mortality. The present study is the first to investigate the effects of TP on potential delays in adjuvant treatment and disease‐specific survival.

Design, Setting, Participants and Main outcome measures

All patients undergoing HNS from 2014 to 2016 had troponins measured at a single academic centre. Relevant patient data was extracted on retrospective chart review. The main outcome measures were the impact of TP on timing of adjuvant treatment and disease‐specific survival.

Results

Of 166 patients, 26 (15.6%) developed TP post‐operatively. There was no significant difference between cohorts for baseline characteristics except for age. Overall and disease‐specific survival for TP patients were respectively 45.9% and 57.4% at 3 years. There was no significant difference between cohorts for overall and disease‐specific survival, and time to adjuvant therapy.

Conclusion

No significant association was found between TP and overall and disease‐specific survival, and time to adjuvant therapy.
Validation of a Greek adaptation of the Anti‐Fat Attitudes Questionnaire
Authors: Argyrides Marios , Anastasiades Elly , Charalambous Zoe , Michael Katerina
Published: November 2022

The Anti‐Fat Attitudes Questionnaire (AFA) measures prejudicial attitudes that are held about individuals with overweight BMI or obesity. Despite increased interest in research on anti‐fat attitudes worldwide, the psychometric properties of the AFA have rarely been examined in non‐English speaking populations. The present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by translating and validating the AFA in the Greek language. An online, community‐based sample of 642 individuals (364 women) responded to the Greek translation of the AFA and measures of appearance satisfaction and appreciation, disordered eating, self‐esteem and depression. Results indicated that the original three‐factor solution of the AFA was maintained in both the Principal and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Additionally, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and convergent validity all showed adequate results. These findings provide support for the use of the AFA in Greek‐speaking populations. The availability of the Greek AFA adds to the toolbox of body image scholars working in the Greek context.
Demographics, pattern of practice and clinical outcomes in rectal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Id Said Badr , Buchan David , Liu Zijin , Kim John , Hosni Ali , Brierley James D. , Chadi Sami , Grant Robert C. , Kalimuthu Sangeetha , Liu Zhihui Amy , Lukovic Jelena
Published: November 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to describe the baseline clinical features, treatment patterns and outcomes in rectal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Method

This is a retrospective study of patients with rectal SCC treated at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Toronto, Canada) between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2020. Clinical factors associated with locoregional failure (LRF), distant metastases (DM), disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), such as age, sex, HIV status, T‐category, nodal status, grade and primary treatment, were investigated with univariate analysis (UVA).

Results

Twenty nine patients with rectal SCC were analysed with a median follow‐up of 7.4 years (range 0.3–20.4 years). The median age at diagnosis was 52 years, with the majority presenting with clinical T3 disease or higher (n = 21, 72%) and positive regional lymph nodes (n = 16, 55%), while more than quarter of patients (28%) had metastatic disease. Definitive chemoradiation was the treatment modality of choice in more than half of all cases (n = 17, 59%) with a response rate of 100%. The 10‐year cumulative incidence of LRF and DM was, respectively, 12% (95% CI 1.8%–32.9%) and 31% (95% CI: 12.0%–52.6%). The 5‐ and 10‐year OS was 82% (95% CI 66.1%–100%). UVA revealed a trend towards an association of male gender (hazard ratio = 4.65, 95% CI 0.9%–24.1; p = 0.067) and primary surgical treatment (hazard ratio = 0.76, 95% CI 0.09–6.34; p = 0.061) with DFS.

Conclusion

Definitive chemoradiation is an effective and preferred treatment for rectal SCC allowing for sphincter preservation with complete clinical response observed in all patients.