bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON GENERAL POPULATION IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Amin Asad , Farooka Javeria Ahmad , Sadiq Fauzia
Published: February 2025

Background: Pakistan confirmed its first two cases of COVID-19 on 26thFebruary 2020 with both having acommon history of returning from Iran. Since then, an increase has been observed in cases. Social distancing, isolation, and complete lockdown have affected a large number of people physically and emotionally.Material and Methods:The currentstudy aims to evaluate the psychological impact ofCOVID-19 among the public of Pakistan.In order to conduct this study, internationally validated scales were used, naming Depression,Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R).Four hundred and fifty-eight(458)responses were taken from the general population including students (both medical and non-medical field), teachers, business owners, employees and housewives. A brief bio-data about gender, age range and education status was taken. Complete confidentiality was maintained during this study.Results:The study included 458 respondents from the general population. The analysis of psychologicalimpact using the IES-R scale showed that 268(58.5%) recorded minimal psychological impact, 58(12.6%) recorded mild psychological impact, 132(28.8%) hadmoderate to the severe psychological impact.According to DASS-21, 33% reported to have moderately to the extremely severe depression, 34.9% reported to havemoderately to extremely severe anxiety and 17.9% were reported to have moderately to the severely stress.Conclusion: People are suffering from psychological pressure due to COVID-19.Depression,anxiety, stress, and PTSD are our concern for this study.KeyWords:COVID-19, Pakistan, Depression, Anxiety
COVID -19 PANDEMIC: EMERGENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
Authors: Naveed Kanza , Jabbar Laraib , Shahid Mavra , Zahid Mohammad Umair , Ali Danial , Majid Momina , Shahzad Rijah , Fatima Nidal , Manzoor Iram , Naveed Kainat
Published: February 2025

Novel corona virus emerged as 6thpublic health emergency of Internationalconcern. Since mid-Dec.2019 several cases of pneumonia like illness were reported in central Chinese city of Wuhan but later the virus started spreading to other countries. On 11thMar.2020, World Health Organization(WHO)declared it as global “pandemic”. On 26thfeb.2020, first two cases of COVID-19were reported in Pakistan. COVID-19causescommon cold in humans and is transmitted in a similar fashion form person to person via respiratory droplets. Its clinical presentation is milder in children as compared to adults population, while gender distribution showed that men accounted for 60% of all COVID-19patients. till date no specific vaccine is available for immunization of public mass. No specific antiviral treatment has yet recommended by WHO for COVID-19. However,health authorities have suggested isolation and symptomatic treatment for infected individuals. Due to non-availability of specific medication and vaccination for COVID-19, WHO has suggested that the best preventive strategy to combat this virus is to avoid its exposure. Uses of face masks, gloves, hand sanitizers, covering mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing and social distancing can reduce the risk of exposure to the virus. keeping in view the guidelines for prevention and control of COVID-19, government of Pakistan took many measures to stop the spread of virus i.e establishment of quarantine centers, testing facilities, designated hospitals, public awareness campaigns and implementation of lockdown. But besides all these efforts there are many challenges faced by government e.g misinformation, lack of public awareness, false interpretations and rumors has made it difficult to combat this pandemic in Pakistan. Key Words:COVID-19, Pneumonia, Pandemic, Immunization
COVID -19 PANDEMIC-CHALLENGES IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Sarfraz Rahat , Dar Rehma
Published: February 2025

COVID -19 PANDEMIC-CHALLENGES IN PAKISTAN
ROLE OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN THE TREATMENT OF COVID 19:AN UPDATE
Authors: Rashid Maryam , Zahra Mah-e-Noor , Yousaf Neelofar , Piracha Mariyam Iftikhar , Khan Fareeha Ahmad
Published: February 2025

WHOdeclared the Outbreak of novel coronavirus disease as a global health emergencyon 30thJanuary, 2020. COVID-19,previously known as 2019-nCoV originated from Wuhan, China,at the end of 2019withsymptoms rangingfrom the common cold to fatal diseases in population worldwide. Due to the lack of specific treatment and vaccine, main strategy for COVID-19 management is supportive therapy complemented by antibiotics,antimalarials, anti-virals, corticosteroids,and convalescentplasma. There is a dire need for the development of an anti-COVID-19 treatment that is effective against antigenically diverse viruses. At present, there is nor specific neither effective treatment that targetscoronavirus; in fact,the development of suchtreatment may take months or even years, so we must focus on treatments related to natural origin. Therefore,the use of traditional medicinal plants with the potential of targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its pathways can be suggested as a possible therapeutic approach.Key Words: Phytochemicals, Herbal, COVID-19
OUTCOME OF LOWER EXTREMITY SALVAGE WITH IPSILATERAL VASCULARIZED FIBULA AFTER TIBIAL BONE TUMOR RESECTION IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP
Authors: Manzoor Sobia , Bhatti Ahmad Faraz , Ullah Sami , Rafi Ilyas , Tabassum Saima , Khan Ehsan Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Background:Malignant bone tumors are difficult to diagnose at every level of pubertal growthin children and suchdefectsare challenging to reconstruct.The purpose of this study was to report clinical characteristics and outcomesof limb-sparing surgeries inaseries of pediatric patients after resection of tibia sarcoma using the TESS questionnaire.Material and methods: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed data of patients having tibial sarcoma, who underwent salvage of lower extremity with ipsilateral vascularized fibula after tibia tumor resection from July 2016 to July 2017 with follow up till July 2019, retrieved from hospital database software.We collected demographic, oncological data, reconstructive data, complications, and outcome during a 2-years follow-up. Morbidity was assessed by the number of hospital visits during the follow-up period.Results: Single staged tribalization of the fibula was done in all 7 pediatric patients whohadthe age of 12±2.4 years and among them 5(71.4%) were male.Out of 7 patients, 5(71.4%) had Osteosarcoma with the mean ± SD size of the defect after tumor resection being 13±2.6 cm. Weight-bearing in 5(71.4%) patients, was started at 6 months.Mean ± SD TESS at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and at 2 years showed gradual improvement in daily routine activities of the patient (p<0.001). Mild hypertrophy was observed in 4(57.2%) patients who had no complications after 2 years.Conclusion: Single-stage pedicled ipsilateral fibula transposition fortibial segmental defect has fewercomplicationswith better outcomemakingittheprocedure of choice for tibia reconstruction.KeyWords:Lower Extremity, Fibula, Morbidity
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES REGARDING SELF-CARE MANAGEMENT AMONG DIABETICS VISITING MEDICAL OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF FATIMA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, LAHORE
Authors: Hasnain Seema
Published: February 2025

Background:Diabetes Mellitus is one of the major chronic diseases which has become a public health problem worldwide. The complications of diabetes can be reduced by proper self-care knowledge and practices among diabetics. The objectives of this study areto assessthe knowledge and self-care practices among patients having diabetes type 2 and its relationship with sociodemographic factors in of medical outpatient department of Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore.Material and methods:This was a cross-sectional survey. The study was conducted in the Medical Outpatient Department of Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore from 12thFebruary 2019 to 26thSeptember 2019.By using non-probability purposive sampling, 220 patients having type 2 diabetes fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. A pre-tested questionnaire was filled after taking written consent from them and data wereanalyzed in SPSS version 20.Results: Out of 220 respondents, 55.7% have belonged to the age group 40-54 having 64% females. The overall knowledge about self-care among diabetics was good in 44%, satisfactory in 49%,and poor in 7% of the respondents. Whereas the overall practices among the diabetics weregood at24.5%, satisfactory at60%,and poor at15.4%. There was a significant association between self-care knowledge and self-care practices (p-value=0.032) and only income has shown a statistically significant association with the overall knowledge (P-value: 0.000). Regarding knowledge about physical activity,87.7% were aware of its importance and about 95.9% had the knowledge that anti-diabetic medicines are to be taken regularly. However,only 27% participated in thirty minutes of physical activity and 85.5% took the anti-diabetes medicine over the past seven days before the interviewConclusion:About half of the respondents havesatisfactory self-care knowledge and one-fourth havepoor self-care practices. Among the sociodemographic factors, only income hasa statistically significant association with self-care knowledge.Key Words:Knowledge, Self-care, Diabetes mellitus
ROLE OF ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM INHIBITION IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF COVID –19
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Saeed , Piracha Mariyam Iftikhar
Published: February 2025

The Association ofthe drugs inhibiting the angiotensin system with the severity of coronavirus disease has been studiedintensivelyat different research centers of the world over the past year. It has been found thattheadmitted COVID-19 patients with co-existing cardiovascular diseasestakingangiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)develop less severe disease, and persistentACEI/ARB therapy duringtheirhospitalization lowers the riskof fatality as well.The current literature supports the use of ACEI/ARB therapy for corona patients with co-morbidities as it yields better clinical outcomes.Key Words: COVID-19, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors,AngiotensinReceptor
HETEROTOPIC PREGNANCY AND LAPAROSCOPICMANAGEMENT
Authors: Sukhan Shereen , Farooq Fariha , Aiman Sobia
Published: February 2025

Heterotopic pregnancy is an infrequent condition in which both extra and intrauterine pregnancies occur concurrently. Its incidence isvery low in spontaneously conceived pregnancies. However,the incidence of heterotopicpregnancy isvery high in assistedreproductive techniques reaching upto 0.2 –1 % after ovulation induction by clomiphene citrate. In our case report,we are going to discuss a patient with heterotopic pregnancy who conceived after ovulation induction by Letrozole, an anti-estrogen drug.In our case,extrauterine pregnancy in the fallopian tube presented in form of chronic tubo ovarian (TO) mass along with the complaintof pain in the lower abdomen and intermittent bleeding from the vagina which was managed laparoscopically.Here we concluded that heterotopic pregnancy should be highly suspected in all patients with pain in the lower abdomen even after confirmation of intact intrauterine pregnancy.KeyWords:Ovulation, Heterotopic pregnancy, Letrozole
SELF-REPORTED SURVEY ON MEDICINAL USES OF CANNABIS IN HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Masood Sana , Bin Tariq Shaikh Hassan , Khanani Asma , Jawed Hafsa , Anzar Wajiha , Qureshi Ambrina
Published: February 2025

Background:Since the medicinal use of cannabis is well-known, there was a need to assess the knowledge, beliefs and experience regarding indications, safety and side effects of prescribing medicinal cannabisamong Pakistani health workers. Material and methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical and dental students and practitioners selected from different campuses of the two public sector medical universities of Karachi.A self-reported questionnaire was used to record knowledge, beliefs and experience regarding indications, safety and side effects of prescribing medicinal cannabis on a 5-point Likert scale. Data& analyzed was described using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, v. 24.0.Results:A total number of 126 health professionals participated in this study with mean age 24.3 ± 2.5 years and more female(n=90) than males (n=36). The overall distribution of knowledge scores was obtained for ‘neutral opinion’.Majority believed that medicinal cannabis can be used for treatment of dementia, chronic non-cancer pain, epilepsyandhas anti-tumor effects. Conclusion:It can be concluded that medicinal cannabis knowledge is limited among health care professionals. Measures must be taken to eliminate the knowledge gap of the health care providers about effectiveness and qualifying conditions of these products.KeyWords:Cannabis, Knowledge, Safety
BARDET BIEDL SYNDROME WITH MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
Authors: Latif Hina , Farooq Nasir , Rathore Rabia , Iqbal Adil
Published: February 2025

Bardet Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a multisystem autosomal recessive rare disorder having variable symptoms ranging from peripheral obesity, retinal degeneration, polydactyly, hypogonadism,and renal impairment among many other features. We present a case of 16 years old female exhibiting characteristic features of Bardet Biedl Syndrome.Key Words: Bardet Biedl syndrome, Obesity,Polydactyly, Hypogonadism
FREQUENCY OF ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA IN OBESE PATIENTS OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE PRESENTING WITH ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Authors: Moeen Sana , Sehgal Shazia , Naz Farhat
Published: February 2025

Background:Among women of reproductive age,one of the mostcommon gynecologicalproblemsis abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).The prevalence rate ofthis disorder isup to 30%. The causes of AUB include systemic, physician induced, hormonal relatedto ageandendometrial pathologieslikepolyps, submucous myomas, hyperplasia,and endometrial carcinoma. It is always importantto suspectand evaluate for endometrial pathologies.This study aimed to determinethe frequency of endometrial hyperplasia in obese womenof reproductive agepresentingwith abnormal uterine bleeding.Material and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conductedat Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Jinnah Hospital Lahore from December25th2018 to June25th2019.In this study, 215 obese womenwith abnormal uterineBMI ≥ 27 Kg/m2were included.Transvaginal ultrasoundwas performedto see the endometrial thickness and endometrial tissues wereobtained by Dilatation and Curettage(D&C)method for histological findings of endometrial hyperplasia.Results:Therangeof agein subjects of this study was from 18 to 35 years with a mean age of 30.33±2.66 years, mean parity 1.74±1.57, mean weight 82.99±8.09 Kg, mean height 1.61±0.10 meters, mean BMI 32.10±3.13 Kg/m2and mean endometrial thickness was 10.153±2.39 millimeter. Endometrial Hyperplasia was seen in 9.3% of patients.Conclusion:The frequency of endometrial hyperplasia in obese women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding was9.3%. A high body mass index is the leading risk factor for endometrial hyperplasia in premenopausal women.KeyWords:Endometrial hyperplasia, Obesity, Uterine bleeding
ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF MINT
Authors: Khalid Sumbal , Qureshi Hamid Javaid
Published: February 2025

Mint has been used since prehistoric times for variouspurposes such as inmedicines, cosmetics,and food items. Various benefits of mint are due to the presence ofdifferent components such asmenthol, menthone,and rosemarinicacid. Mint also possessesantioxidant potential due to which it is being widely studied and used for the prevention of various diseases, such as the prevention of hepatotoxicity.Key Words:Medicines, Cosmetics, Menthol, Menthone
Building Effective Educators: Examining Teaching Competency and Creativity in B.Ed. Trainees
Authors: Maithani Lava , Nautiyal Anil Kumar
Published: February 2025

Teaching competency and creativity are essential for the holistic development of future
teachers. Teachers are often central to education reform, as acknowledged by India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. This study examines the relationship between teaching competency and creativity among B.Ed. trainees at Birla Campus, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Uttarakhand. The research evaluates teaching competency and creativity across variables such as gender, pedagogical stream (Science and Arts), and year of study (first and second year). Employing self-developed competency and creativity tools, results reveal that while there is no significant correlation between teaching competency and creativity, second-year trainees demonstrate higher level in Teaching competency while the creativity of B.Ed. trainees does not get affected by the gender, pedagogical stream. (Science and Arts), and year of study (first and second year). The findings underscore the importance of promoting both skills in teacher education, suggesting that creativity and competency are essential but independently developing traits within effective educators.
Economic Implications of the Winter Char Dham Circuit in Uttarakhand: A brief analysis
Authors: Sinha Ritik
Published: February 2025

The Char Dham Yatra, encompassing the sacred shrines of Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri, is a cornerstone of Uttarakhand's tourism sector, significantly contributing to the state's economy during the peak pilgrimage season. However, the traditional pilgrimage period from May to November leads to seasonal economic fluctuations and challenges associated with over-tourism. To address these issues, the Uttarakhand government has initiated the Winter Char Dham Circuit, aiming to
promote year-round tourism by facilitating pilgrimages to the deities' winter abodes during the off-season. This paper examines the economic impact of the Winter Char Dham Circuit, its role in mitigating overtourism, and the challenges and prospects associated with this initiative.
Analisis Waktu Tunggu Pelayanan Apotik BPJS Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit X Tanjungpinang
Authors: Yonrizon Yonrizon  , Renatalia Fika  , Putri Buana Ningrum
Published: February 2025

Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services is determined by the quality of prescription services. Waiting time is one of the indicators of prescription service quality, as patients tend to feel satisfied when the waiting time for prescription services is not excessively long and meets the established standards. This study is descriptive observational in nature, focusing on a specific sample of outpatient prescriptions at Hospital X Tanjungpinang during the period of April 2023. Data were collected through observations during both peak and non-peak hours and analyzed using statistical analysis methods. The results indicate that the average waiting time for non-compounded prescription services during peak and non-peak hours is 8 minutes and 10 seconds. This suggests that Hospital X Tanjungpinang meets the waiting time standards for prescription services as outlined in Minister of Health Regulation No. 34 of 2016.
Community Perspectives and Institutional Dynamics in Water and Sanitation Access in Havana Informal Settlement Windhoek
Authors: Amutenya Tekla , Alaji Friday
Published: February 2025

This study examines challenges faced by the City of Windhoek Municipality in delivering water and sanitation services to Havana informal settlement residents. It emphasizes the importance of safe sanitation facilities and joint responsibility of the Municipality and Government. Despite recognition of this responsibility, the Municipality encounters obstacles in service delivery to Havana. Using a quantitative approach, data was gathered from 35 adults aged 20 to 50 via survey questionnaires, revealing impediments to service delivery including inadequate monitoring mechanisms and operational inefficiencies. The study suggests a community-based advocacy program to raise health awareness among residents and addresses challenges such as vandalism, theft, rural-urban migration, and outdated policies affecting service delivery. It also highlights issues like insufficient household income, political interference, and a lack of qualified personnel hindering effective service delivery. In conclusion, the study underscores the Municipality's insufficient funds to address water and sanitation challenges in Havana, proposing measures like additional flushing toilets, capacity-building, employing skilled personnel, public-private partnerships, and pre-paid meters to mitigate issues and improve service delivery.
Nursing’s voice and influence
Authors: Gelinas Lillee
Published: February 2025

Use your voice, use your influence.
From stigma to support
Authors: Hickey Courtney
Published: February 2025

Breaking barriers to nurse workforce well-being
Writing for publication: 8 tips for success
Authors: Mee Cheryl L.
Published: February 2025

Whether you’re a first time writer or a seasoned author, use these tips to help guide your next article.
Effects of cyanotoxins produced by Raphidiopsis raciborskii T3 strain and temperature on the reproductive axis of Neotropical catfish
Authors: Vicentini Maiara , Beghetto Camila , Carvalho Lucicleide , Coral Lucila , Silva de Assis Helena
Published: February 2025

Human activities are causing environmental degradation such as air and water pollution. These processes can increase cyanobacterial blooms, which are capable of producing cyanotoxins and have become a problem in public water supply reservoirs. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible endocrine disrupting effects of increased water temperature and cyanobacteria in fish. For this, the crude extract of Raphidiopsis raciborskii (formerly called Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii), a neurotoxin-producer, was produced. Male and female Rhamdia quelen fish were exposed to different treatments: control at 25°C, control at 30°C, extract equivalent to 100,000 cells of R. raciborskii.mL-1 at 25°C and extract 100,000 cells of R. raciborskii.mL-1 at 30°C. After 96 h, the fish were anesthetized and blood collected and centrifuged to obtain plasma for hormone analysis. After being weighed and euthanasia, the liver was sampled for vitellogenin gene expression and the gonad for sexing. The data were analyzed in order to evaluate the effects of the isolated increase in temperature and the effect of exposure to the cyanobacterial extract under two different temperature conditions, separately between genders. Temperature alone was able to increase the expression of vitellogenin in the liver of females. Aiming at a current scenario, exposure to cyanobacteria extract at 25°C proved to be anti-androgenic in females, including increased vitellogenin gene expression and reduced testosterone levels. In the scenario of exposure to water at 30°C, fewer alterations were found, but a reduction in vitellogenin expression was observed for both sexes. These results indicate that the increase in water temperature alone can cause changes in reproductive levels, as well as exposure to saxitoxins present in cyanobacterial extracts, the latter being mainly due to the current temperature conditions. Thus, the warming and the cyanobacteria present in the water can lead, in a long-term, to population changes in Rhamdia quelen.
KOMPARASI KINERJA ALGORITMA RANDOM FOREST DAN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE BERBASIS ADAPTIVE BOOSTING UNTUK ANALISIS KELAYAKAN KREDIT NASABAH
Authors: Andi Andi , Thamrin
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kinerja algoritma Random Forest dan Support Vector Machine (SVM) yang ditingkatkan dengan Adaptive Boosting dalam penentuan kelayakan pinjaman dana. Metode ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan dataset dari Kaggle yang terdiri dari 614 data calon peminjam, dengan atribut-atribut seperti jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, jumlah tanggungan, pendidikan, status usaha, pendapatan, jumlah pinjaman, jangka waktu pinjaman, riwayat kredit, dan lokasi rumah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Random Forest berbasis Adaptive Boosting mencapai akurasi 92,35%, presisi 90,12%, recall 89,87%, dan missclassification error 7,65%, sedangkan SVM berbasis Adaptive Boosting mencapai akurasi 85,76%, presisi 82,45%, recall 81,93%, dan missclassification error 14,24%. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa Random Forest lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan SVM dalam memprediksi kelayakan pinjaman dana ketika ditingkatkan dengan Adaptive Boosting. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan teknik penilaian risiko kredit menggunakan pendekatan data mining yang dapat diterapkan dalam industri keuangan untuk meningkatkan ketepatan dalam pengambilan keputusan kredit.
Din Eğitim ve Öğretiminin Verimliliği Açısından Sosyal Bir Sistem Olarak Okul ve İşlevi
Authors: Kaya Yakup
Published: February 2025

Bu çalışma, okulun sosyalleştirici işlevinin din eğitimi ve öğretimindeki etkilerini analiz ederek bireylerin dini kimlik gelişimine sağladığı katkıları incelemektedir. Araştırmada, din eğitimi ve öğretiminin bireylerin toplumsal değerler, normlar ve dini mirasla bütünleşmesindeki rolü sosyolojik bir bakış açısıyla ele alınmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, okulun sosyal bir sistem olarak örgütsel yapısı, öğretim süreçleri, sınıf içi etkileşimler ve akran kültürü gibi sosyalleşme dinamikleri detaylı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca okulun bireylerin dini ve ahlaki değerleri öğrenme ve bu değerleri içselleştirme süreçlerindeki işlevi, aile ve diğer sosyal bağlamlarla karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada, din eğitimi, eğitim sosyolojisi ve din sosyolojisi alanlarına ilişkin literatür taranmış, bu bağlamda öne çıkan teoriler ve kavramlar çerçevesinde kapsamlı analizler yapılmıştır. Çalışma, okulun bireylerin dini kimliklerini inşa etme ve toplumsal normlarla bütünleşme süreçlerindeki rollerine odaklanmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları, okulun yalnızca bilgi aktarımı sağlayan bir kurum olmadığını, aynı zamanda dini ve ahlaki değerlerin nesiller arası aktarımında kritik bir rol üstlendiğini göstermektedir. Din eğitimi, bireylerin dini bilgi ve değerlerle donanmasını, topluma uyum sağlamasını ve ahlaki sorumluluk bilinci geliştirmesini desteklemektedir. Çalışma, okulun sosyalleştirici işlevinin din eğitiminin etkinliği üzerindeki belirleyici etkisine dikkat çekmekte ve bu sürecin daha verimli kılınması için öneriler sunmaktadır.
POTRET AWAL KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR ANALITIS DAN KETERAMPILAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PESERTA DIDIK DI SMP AL-MADINAH
Authors: LISTIANI FITRI , HERNAWATI DIANA , MUSTOFA ROMY FAISAL , BADRIAH LIAH
Published: February 2025

Analytical thinking skills and problem-solving skills are important competencies that learners need to have in facing challenges in the 21st century. Analytical thinking skills enable learners to analyze information systematically and solve problems in a logical way. Similarly, problem-solving skills support learners in finding solutions to problems faced. This study aims to determine the initial portrait of analytical thinking skills and problem solving skills of students at Al-Madinah Junior High School in Tasikmalaya Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive with 99 respondents of class VIII students selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire with a Likert scale and analyzed using percentages. The results showed that the students' analytical thinking skills were in the insufficient criteria with an average percentage of 59.60%, while problem solving skills were also in the insufficient criteria with an average percentage of 59.94%. These findings indicate the need for further efforts to improve learners' analytical thinking and problem solving skills, such as the application of varied learning models that are in accordance with the needs of the 21st century. This research is expected to contribute to the development of more effective learning strategies to improve learners' analytical thinking and problem solving skills.
ABSTRAKKeterampilan berpikir analitis dan keterampilan pemecahan masalah merupakan kompetensi penting yang perlu dimiliki oleh peserta didik dalam menghadapi tantangan di abad 21. Keterampilan berpikir analitis memungkinkan peserta didik untuk menganalisis informasi dengan sistematis dan memecahkan masalah dengan cara yang logis. Begitu pula, keterampilan pemecahan masalah mendukung peserta didik dalam menemukan solusi terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potret awal keterampilan berpikir analitis dan keterampilan pemecahan masalah peserta didik di SMP Al-Madinah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan responden penelitian sebanyak 99 peserta didik kelas VIII yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dengan skala Likert dan dianalisis menggunakan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan berpikir analitis peserta didik berada pada kriteria kurang dengan rata-rata persentase 59,60%, sementara keterampilan pemecahan masalah juga berada pada kriteria kurang dengan rata-rata persentase 59,94%. Temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya upaya lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir analitis dan pemecahan masalah peserta didik, seperti penerapan model pembelajaran yang bervariasi dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan abad 21. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan strategi pembelajaran yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir analitis dan pemecahan masalah peserta didik.
STUDI PENDAHULUAN: PROBLEMATIKA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA SMA
Authors: WIDIARINI PUTU , RAPI NI KETUT , SUASTRA I WAYAN , SUMA KETUT
Published: February 2025

Education is expected to be able to form a whole person who is aware of the importance of comprehensive learning in facing global challenges so that education must provide opportunities for students to learn in a learning process that is optimally designed. Science learning, especially physics, cannot be separated from identifying natural phenomena through observation activities and deeper exploration through experimental activities. However, there are still many challenges in implementing science learning, especially physics in the field. To identify the problems of science learning, especially high school physics, this study was conducted with the hope of obtaining accurate data related to the problems faced by educators and students. This research is classified as qualitative research with a case study type. The research data will be analyzed through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification. The subjects in this study were school principals, physics teachers, and high school students in Singaraja city. The focus of the research is focused on six aspects related to problems or challenges in physics learning, namely: aspects of student readiness, teacher readiness, IT-based learning innovation, learning process, learning facilities, and high school student learning outcomes.
ABSTRAKPendidikan diharapkan mampu membentuk manusia seutuhnya yang menyadari pentingnya pembelajaran yang komprehensif dalam menghadapi tantangan global sehingga pendidikan harus memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didik untuk belajar dalam suatu proses pembelajaran yang dirancang secara optimal. Pembelajaran IPA khususnya fisika tidak dapat dipisahkan dari mengidentifikasi fenomena alam melalui kegiatan observasi dan eksplorasi yang lebih dalam melalui kegiatan eksperimen. Akan tetapi, masih banyak tantangan dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran IPA khususnya fisika di lapangan. Untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan pembelajaran IPA khususnya fisika SMA, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan harapan dapat memperoleh data yang akurat terkait permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pendidik dan peserta didik. Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Data penelitian akan dianalisis melalui tiga tahap yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan simpulan dan verifikasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru fisika, dan peserta didik SMA di kota Singaraja. Fokus penelitian difokuskan pada enam aspek terkait permasalahan atau tantangan dalam pembelajaran fisika yaitu: aspek kesiapan peserta didik, kesiapan guru, inovasi pembelajaran berbasis IT, proses pembelajaran, sarana prasarana pembelajaran, dan hasil belajar peserta didik SMA.
O IMPACTO DO CÂNCER NO PERCURSO DA DOENÇA: UMA ANÁLISE DA SAÚDE MENTAL DE PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS
Authors: Meurer Murilo Henrique , Franco Cassio
Published: February 2025

Este estudo visa identificar e descrever o perfil epidemiológico, a saúde mental e o crescimento pós-traumático (CPT) dos pacientes oncológicos em um hospital de Cascavel, Paraná. Utilizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa-qualitativa e transversal com questionários aplicados a 55 pacientes em julho de 2024. Os resultados mostraram que 53% dos pacientes tinham 61 anos ou mais, com prevalência de câncer de mama feminina (13%), seguido por câncer de pele e próstata (9% cada). Observou-se que 58% dos pacientes relataram sintomas de ansiedade ou depressão, e 62% fizeram uso de medicações ansiolíticas ou antidepressivas. A maioria dos pacientes passou por cirurgia (51%), quimioterapia (56%) e radioterapia (25%), com 44% relatando sequelas. Os achados destacam a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar que inclua suporte psicológico robusto, visando melhorar a adesão ao tratamento, o bem-estar emocional e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes oncológicos. Além disso, a experiência do câncer levou a um aumento na valorização da vida e na busca por novos ideais de filosofia e espiritualidade entre os pacientes.
Systematic overestimation of evapotranspiration over irrigated areas by an offline land surface model
Authors: Lunel Tanguy Ronan , Marti Belen , Boone Aaron , Le Moigne Patrick
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Offline Land Surface Models (LSMs) are essential for a wide range of applications, including water resource management and agricultural planning. A critical variable in these models is evapotranspiration, but its value is easily biased in irrigated areas. In fact, irrigation fundamentally alters local atmospheric conditions – cooling and humidifying the air and reducing wind speeds – factors that contribute to reducing evapotranspiration rates. This phenomenon is called "atmospheric feedback", but is often missing or poorly represented in offline LSM because most of the atmospheric forcings used, such as reanalyses and climate model outputs, overlook the atmospheric effect of irrigation. This leads to a tendency for offline LSM to overestimate evapotranspiration rates over irrigated areas. In this study, the atmospheric effects of irrigation are quantified using data from the LIAISE project field campaign. The various surface processes that influence the dynamics of evapotranspiration in response to the atmospheric feedback are then systematically investigated. The results confirm the importance of considering the atmospheric feedback in the ISBA LSM over irrigated areas in many configurations. For well irrigated crops, the average overestimation of evapotranspiration is about 25 %. Conversely, for water-stressed crops, this overestimation is mitigated because the timing of stomatal closure is influenced by atmospheric feedback mechanisms, providing a compensatory effect. These findings highlight the need for improved representation of irrigation-related atmospheric feedback in the atmospheric forcings used as upper boundary conditions in LSM to improve the accuracy of evapotranspiration estimates in agricultural or hydrological contexts.
Enhancing sea ice knowledge through assimilation of sea ice thickness from ENVISAT and CS2SMOS
Authors: Williams Nicholas , Wang Yiguo , Counillon François
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Arctic sea ice extent has declined significantly over the past two decades, opening up the Arctic to shipping and resource extraction while also impacting wildlife and local communities. This has led to an increasing need for skillful sea ice predictions. We focus on furthering the understanding of the role that sea ice thickness plays in the skilfulness of seasonal Arctic sea ice predictions. We look at how observations of sea ice thickness can improve both sea ice reanalyses and predictions. We use the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model (NorCPM), which has previously assimilated ocean and sea ice concentration observations. We additionally assimilate two sea ice thickness products: CS2SMOS, and, for the first time in any study, ENVISAT. This allows us to produce a 2-decade reanalysis with sea ice thickness assimilation focusing on the Arctic Ocean. This reanalysis is then used to initialise and generate a series of year-long seasonal hindcasts for each season of the reanalysis. The reanalysis and hindcasts are compared to observations and other reanalyses to assess the impact of sea ice thickness observations. Assimilation of sea ice thickness data strongly improves the representation of sea ice thickness and volume, primarily in the central Arctic as well as the ice edge location. Although ENVISAT observations have greater uncertainties, the dataset still provides a useful impact on the model. For prediction, sea ice thickness initialisation reduces the model biases of thickness throughout the year as well as errors in the detrended anomalies. Ice thickness bias correction results in improvements in the representation of the ice edge location, i.e., the timing and extent of the summer melting. Thickness initialisation has little improvements for detrended sea ice extent anomalies, but yields some skill in the Beaufort Sea and Central Arctic during summer. Overall, we show the impact of sea ice thickness assimilation has a positive effect on prediction skill in NorCPM.
Thirsty Earth: A Game-Based Approach to Interdisciplinary Water Resources Education
Authors: McGiven Lauren , Poland Kinsey , Reinking Caleb , Müller Marc F.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The sustainable management of water resources requires cooperative institutions, whose development is rarely included in often overloaded engineering education curricula. To address this gap, we developed Thirsty Earth, an open-access online multi-player game designed to introduce key concepts in water governance through experiential learning. The game can be integrated into standard water management and hydrology classes as part of interactive teaching modules. In Thirsty Earth, students assume the roles of farmers in rural communities, making annual decisions about crop selection and irrigation methods to maximize agricultural profits under uncertain climate conditions. Through gameplay, they encounter critical trade-offs associated with environmental uncertainty, cooperation over shared infrastructure, and the depletion of common-pool water resources, which are central to contemporary water management. Students can address these issues by purchasing and sharing reliable information on resource use and crafting institutional rules to regulate behavior. The game’s dual versions, which include a simplified spreadsheet-based implementation and an advanced web-based interface, offer flexibility to promote active learning in diverse educational contexts.
Characterizing some major Archean faults at depth in the Superior craton, North America
Authors: Snyder David B. , Simmons Jack M. , Ayer John A. , Naghizadeh Mostafa , Adetunji Ademola Q. , Jørgensen Taus R. C. , Hill Graham J. , Roots Eric A. , Cheraghi Saeid
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The geometry of ancient faults at depth can only be mapped by high-resolution geophysical surveys such as seismic reflection profiling. Recent deep (35–48 km) reflection profiles acquired across the Archean southern Superior craton of North America provided such data with which to map in 3-D some major shear zones, many of which are associated with significant orogenic gold or VMS deposits. Most faults are (re)interpreted as thrusts; a few appear as sub-vertically aligned breaks in prominent reflectors. Sub-vertical faults possibly originated as syn-volcanic transform faults. Thrusting probably relates to the dominant phase of folding and horizontal shortening strain that occurred during the regional crustal deformation, mineralization and peak metamorphism at 2.72–2.66 Ga, associated with the Kenoran orogeny. Most deformation after this orogenic event resulted in modest lateral movement. Coincident magnetotelluric (MT) surveys indicate pervasive conductive minerals such as graphite/carbon and sulfides, exist within the mid-crust and in near-vertical channels within the more brittle and resistive upper (greenstone) crust. Many such channels, but not all, coincide with fault zones and mineral deposits. Palinspastic and paleomagnetic-based reconstructions suggest many faults had multiple periods of activity with changing vertical to horizontal offsets. Some faults appear paired, partitioning normal and oblique strains on vertical shear zones and dipping thrust zones, respectively.
Enhancement of state response capability and famine mitigation: a comparative analysis of two drought events in northern China during the Ming dynasty
Authors: Tian Fangyu , Su Yun , Chen Xudong , Tao Le
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Studying social impacts of and responses to historical extreme climate events can offer valuable insights into coping with major disaster events and adapting to climate change better. This paper developed a model of the processes and responses to extreme drought-induced famines in ancient China. Based on this, the study explored the differences in famine causation and response effectiveness between the Chenghua drought (1483–1486 CE) and Wanli drought (1585–1588 CE). The findings are as follows: (1) by the time of the Wanli drought, the increase in land reclamation had enhanced societal defence, preventing many drought-affected counties from experiencing famine. Even in cases where famines did occur, their severity was lower than during the Chenghua drought. (2) State emergency measures, including exemption and relief, proved effective in mitigating famines. The stronger finance and economy during the Wanli drought enabled more robust relief efforts, resulting in lower famine severity. (3) Famine response capabilities varied regionally. Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei demonstrated strong defensive capabilities and effective state emergency responses, while Shanxi had weaker defensive abilities, making it more vulnerable to famine. The defensive capabilities in Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia showed significant improvement.
دلالة حروف العطف في التفسير البديع للشيخ محمد شريف الله: دراسة تحليلية
Authors: ABBASI SAMIA
Published: February 2025

This article, entitled “The Meaning of Conjunctions in Tafseer Al-Badee by Sheikh Muhammad Sharif Allah” deals with one of the linguistic methods, conjunctions. The topic aims to clarify and figure out the approach of Sheikh Muhammad Sharif Allah regarding the meaning of conjunctions with the common aspects and differences between opinions of the scholars. It also talks about the meaning of the conjunction linguistically and terminologically, their rules and meanings in context, and it also talks about the author’s life and the methodology in his book. It reaches out through the study that the writer has a solidarity and individuality in his field discussing linguistic issues with his style, and that the conjunctions have the multiplicity of meanings (primary and secondary).
بدعت اور اجتہاد کادائرہ کاراورمعاصر فقہاء کی ذمہ داری
Authors: ڈاکٹر عبد الغفار  , ڈاکٹر ابو الحسن شبیر احمد
Published: February 2025

Islam is an easy and practical system of spending life. It does not have anykind of constraint, oppression or restriction in its skirt due to a workablesystem of life and the exactness of human nature. Islam has introduced theconcept of Ijtihād for the proper solution to the new situations andproblems that arise in every age. A closer look at contemporary humansocieties makes it clear that Muslims belonging to different groupsconsider their desired modern issues and practices as Ijtihād, while others'favorite matters are considered as bid'āh. However, declaring every actionof the opposing party against the Sharī'ah is in itself a form of innovationin the religion of Islam and is completely contrary to the teachings ofIslam. This in itself is a major cause of instability and religious chaos intoday's societies also. In the context of the current situation and problems,it is the duty of islamic jurists that they should guide to the right path ofthose who are entangled the Ummāh Muhammādīa in the innovative affairsof Islam so that the Muslim nation can be safe from bid'āhs. The discussionof this article covers the scope of both bid'āh and ijtihād. So that theconcept of ijtihād and innovation becomes clear and many mutual disputescan be resolved
معارف القرآن کے تناظرمیں مفتی محمد شفیع رحمہ اللہ کافقہی واستنباطی منہج : تجزياتى مطالعہ
Authors: عبد النصیر  , ڈاکٹر باد شاہ رحمن
Published: February 2025

Almighty Allah has sent a number of prophets, some of them withrevealed scripts, others with verbal commandments, from time to time toguide humanity not only in personal life but also in collective life. Amongall the revealed scriptures, the Holy Quran is one such perfectcommandment, whose authenticity is not a hidden secret. The holy Quranhas been translated in several worlds languages. Not only translations butinterpretations of the Quran in many world languages is a glaring realitywhich is still expanding. Among all such translation works, the tafseer ofMufti MUHAMNAD Shafi, Muariful Quran, received worldwidepopularity on account of its easy and fluent information expressed in alogical yet understandably beautiful language. Selected verses from SoorahAL-Fatiha to Soorah Ibrahim of the holy Quran according to the needs ofthe common Muslim citizens were from this tafseer were broadcasted onRadio Pakistan in the form of lessons from July 1954 to June 1964. Thetafseer of the remaining verses of the holy Quran were compiled afterinsistence by the public and the complete tafseer, consisting of 8 volumes,was published by Baitul Hikmat UP Deoband, India in the year 1982.Mufti Shafi was Mufti e Azam at Darul Uloom Deoband beforeindependence of Pakistan and after independence he was the country'sMufti e Azam. Since this tafseer is considered to be one of the mostauthentic translations of the holy Quran, on account of its highly logicaland fact based interpretations of the verses of holy Quran, following aresome of the most important features of the inferential curriculum devisedin the Islamic jurisprudence as enunciated by Mufti Shafi.
تعليل الأحاديث باختلاف الثقات عند المحدثين والأحناف وأثر ذلك على المجتمع الباكستاني
Authors: سيما  طاهر  , د.نورة زواي
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the research is an empirical study of the impact of differenceof opinion of Hadith Scholars and Ahnaaf among the Jurists regardingdisagreement of the reliable reporters in narrating hadīth on PakistanCommunity. As Pakistan is the multi-jurisdictional community, hence numberof opinions on any topic may confuse Pakistani mind and it perceives as one isderived from Hadith and other is based on juristic opinion. This confusionprimarily prevailed due to negligence of difference of methodology amongMuhaddithin and Jurists regarding acceptance or rejection of Ahaad Hadith.Therefore, the main objective of the researh is to elaborate the methodologiesof both type of scholars but the study will be limited to the critical analysis ofthe difference of opinion on disagreement of the reliable reporters in narratinghadīth and its effect on Juristic Opinions derived from Sunnah. The researchwill primarily focus on view of Ahnaaf w.r.t Hadītth Scholars as hanafi fiqh isthe most prevailing madhhab among the famous school of thoughts inPakistan while Hadith Scholars are the main scholars of explaining HadithStudies.