bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defects in efferent duct multiciliogenesis underlie male infertility in GEMC1, MCIDAS or CCNO deficient mice
Authors: Terré Berta , Lewis Michael , Gil-Gómez Gabriel , Han Zhiyuan , Hao Lu , Aguilera Mònica , Prats Neus , Roy Sudipto , Zhao Haotian , Stracker Travis H.
Published: April 2019

GEMC1 and MCIDAS are Geminin family proteins that transcriptionally activate E2F4/5-target genes during multiciliogenesis, including FoxJ1 and Ccno. Male mice lacking Gemc1, Mcidas or Ccno were found to be infertile, but the origin of this defect has remained unclear. Here we show that all three genes are necessary for the generation of functional multiciliated cells in the efferent ducts that are required for spermatozoa to enter the epididymis. In mice mutant for Gemc1, Mcidas or Ccno, we observed a similar spectrum of phenotypes, including thinning of the seminiferous tubule epithelia, dilation of the rete testes, sperm agglutinations in the efferent ducts and lack of spermatozoa in the epididymis (azoospermia). These data suggest that defective efferent duct development is the dominant cause of male infertility in these mouse models and this likely extends to patients with the ciliopathy Reduced Generation of Multiple Motile Cilia with mutations in MCIDAS and CCNO.
The central nervous system acts as a transducer of stress-induced masculinization through corticotropin-releasing hormone B
Authors: Castañeda Cortés D. C. , Arias Padilla L. F. , Langlois V. S. , Somoza G. M. , Fernandino J. I.
Published: April 2019

Exposure to environmental stressors, like high temperature (HT), during early development of fish induces sex reversal of genotypic females. Nevertheless, the involvement of the brain in this process is not well clarified. In the present work, we investigated the mRNA levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone b (crhb) and its receptors (crhr1 and crhr2), and found out that they were up-regulated at HT during the critical period of gonadal sex determination in medaka. In order to clarify their roles in sex reversal, biallelic mutants for crhr1 and crhr2 were produced by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Remarkably, biallelic mutant of both loci (crhr1 and crhr2) did not undergo female-to-male sex reversal upon HT exposition. Inhibition of this process in double crhrs mutants could be successfully rescued through the administration of the downstream effector of the hypothalamic-pituitary interrenal axis, the cortisol. Taken together, these results revealed for the first time the participation of the CNS acting as a transducer of masculinization induced by thermal stress.
Phenotypic plasticity in locomotor performance of a monophyletic group of weevils accords with the warmer is better hypothesis
Authors: Treasure Anne M. , Chown Steven L.
Published: April 2019

Ectotherms may respond to variable environmental conditions by altering their phenotypes. Phenotypic plasticity was initially thought to be beneficial to an organism's physiological fitness. Several alternative hypotheses, have, however, been proposed with growing empirical support. In this study, we test the full suite of hypotheses by investigating acclimation responses of locomotor performance for nine populations of five species of sub-Antarctic weevils, using static and fluctuating temperatures. Species showed typical locomotion thermal performance curves with temperature of the maximum speed (Topt) ranging between 22.3±1.7°C (mean±s.e.) and 31.1±0.7°C. For most species Topt was not affected by acclimation. For maximum speed (Umax), significant, positive effects of acclimation were found for all species except a supralittoral one. Individuals acclimated to 0°C showed much lower values than the other two acclimation treatments (15°C and fluctuating 0-15°C). Performance breadth (the index of the breadth of the curve, Tbr) typically showed little response to acclimation. None of the traits of the supralittoral species were affected by acclimation treatment. Responses to stable and fluctuating temperature treatments were similar. Our findings also revealed that the mean estimated activation energy 0.40±0.015 eV (mean±s.e.) was lower than for other herbivores, the category to which these weevils belong, suggesting that some form of compensation in the rate-temperature relationship may be evident. Thus, we typically found support for the warmer is better hypothesis for acclimation of locomotor performance, though some compensation is evident.
Hypoxia tolerance of giant-axon-mediated escape jetting in California market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens)
Authors: Li Diana H. , Gilly William F.
Published: April 2019

Squids display a wide range of swimming behaviors, including powerful escape-jets mediated by the giant axon system. For California market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens), maintaining essential behaviors like the escape response during environmental variations poses a major challenge since this species often encounters intrusions of cold, hypoxic offshore waters in its coastal spawning habitats. To explore the effects of hypoxia on locomotion and underlying neural mechanisms, we made in vivo recordings of giant axon activity and simultaneous pressure inside the mantle cavity during escape jets in squid exposed to acute progressive hypoxia followed by return to normal dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (normoxia). Compared to normoxia (>8 mg L−1 DO), escape jets were unchanged in moderate hypoxia (4 mg L−1 and 2 mg L−1 DO), but giant axon activity and associated mantle contractions significantly decreased while neuromuscular latency increased under severe hypoxia (0.5 mg L−1 DO). Animals that survived exposure to severe hypoxia reliably produced escape jets under such conditions and fully recovered as more oxygen became available. The reduction in neuromuscular output under hypoxia suggests that market squid may suppress metabolic activity to maintain sufficient behavioral output, a common strategy in many hypoxia-tolerant species. The ability to recover from the deleterious effects of hypoxia suggests that this species is well adapted to cope with coastal hypoxic events that commonly occur in Monterey Bay, unless these events become more severe in the future as climate change progresses.
Activity not submergence explains diving heart rates of captive loggerhead turtles
Authors: Williams Cassondra L. , Sato Katsufumi , Ponganis Paul J.
Published: April 2019

Marine turtles spend their life at sea and can rest on the seafloor for hours. As air-breathers, marine turtles' breath-hold capacity is a function of oxygen (O2) stores, O2 consumption during dives, and hypoxia tolerance. However, some physiological adaptations to diving observed in mammals are absent in marine turtles. This study examines cardiovascular responses in loggerhead turtles, which have even fewer adaptations to diving than other marine turtles, but can dive for extended durations. Heart rates (fH) of eight undisturbed loggerhead turtles in shallow tanks were measured using self-contained ECG data loggers under five conditions: spontaneous dives, resting motionless on the tank bottom, resting in shallow water with their head out of water, feeding on squid, and swimming at the surface between dives. There was no significant difference between resting fH while resting on the bottom of the tank, diving, or resting in shallow water with their head out of water. Heart rate rose as soon as turtles began to move and was highest between dives when turtles were swimming at the surface. These results suggest cardiovascular responses in captive loggerhead turtles are driven by activity and apneic fH is not reduced by submergence under these conditions.
Fatigue in radiology: a fertile area for future research
Authors: Taylor-Phillips Sian , Stinton Chris
Published: April 2019

Fatigue in radiologists may be responsible for a large number of medical errors. This review describes the latest research on fatigue in radiology. This includes measurement methods, and recent evidence on how fatigue affects accuracy in laboratory test conditions and in clinical practice. The extensive opportunities for future research in the area are explored, including testing interventions to reduce fatigue-related error, and further understanding of which fatigue measures correlate with errors. Finally we explore the possibility of answering these questions using large population-based observational studies and pragmatic integrated randomised controlled trials.
Three more steps toward better science
Authors: Perezgonzalez Jose D.
Published: April 2019

Science has striven to do better since its inception and has given us good philosophies, methodologies and statistical tools that, in their own way, do reasonably well for purpose. Unfortunately, progress has also been marred by historical clashes among perspectives, typically between frequentists and Bayesians, leading to troubles such as the current reproducibility crises. Here I wish to propose that science could do better with more resilient structures, more useful methodological tutorials, and clearer signaling regarding how much we can trust what it produces.
Climate change, migration and health systems resilience: Need for interdisciplinary research
Authors: Ridde Valéry , Benmarhnia Tarik , Bonnet Emmanuel , Bottger Carol , Cloos Patrick , Dagenais Christian , De Allegri Manuela , Nebot Ariadna , Queuille Ludovic , Sarker Malabika
Published: April 2019

Climate change is one of today's major challenges, and among the causes of population movement and international migration. Climate migrants impact health systems and how their ability to respond and adapt to their needs and patterns.  To date, the resilience of health systems in the context of climate change has barely been explored.

The purpose of this article is to show the importance of studying the relationship between climate change, migration, and the resilience of health systems from an interdisciplinary perspective.

Resilience is an old concept, notably in the field of psychology, and is increasingly applied to the study of health systems. Yet, no research has analysed the resilience of health systems in the context of climate change. While universal health coverage is a major international goal, little research to date focused on the existing links between climate, migration, health systems and resilience.

We propose an interdisciplinary approach relying on the concept of health system resilience to study adaptive and transformative strategies to articulate climate change, migration and health systems.
Malaria elimination transmission and costing in the Asia-Pacific: a multi-species dynamic transmission model
Authors: Silal Sheetal Prakash , Shretta Rima , Celhay Olivier J. , Gran Mercado Chris Erwin , Saralamba Sompob , Maude Richard James , White Lisa Jane
Published: April 2019

Background: The Asia-Pacific region has made significant progress in combatting malaria since 2000 and a regional goal for a malaria-free Asia Pacific by 2030 has been recognised at the highest levels. External financing has recently plateaued and with competing health risks, countries face the risk of withdrawal of funding as malaria is perceived as less of a threat. An investment case was developed to provide economic evidence to inform policy and increase sustainable financing.

Methods: A dynamic epidemiological-economic model was developed to project rates of decline to elimination by 2030 and determine the costs for elimination in the Asia-Pacific region. The compartmental model was used to capture the dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria for the 22 countries in the region in a metapopulation framework. This paper presents the model development and epidemiological results of the simulation exercise.

Results: The model predicted that all 22 countries could achieve Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax elimination by 2030, with the People’s Democratic Republic of China, Sri Lanka and the Republic of Korea predicted to do so without scaling up current interventions. Elimination was predicted to be possible in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Timor-Leste and Vietnam through an increase in long-lasting insecticidal nets (and/or indoor residual spraying) and health system strengthening, and in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, India and Thailand with the addition of innovations in drug therapy and vector control. Elimination was predicted to occur by 2030 in all other countries only through the addition of mass drug administration to scale-up and/or innovative activities.

Conclusions: This study predicts that it is possible to have a malaria-free region by 2030. When computed into benefits and costs, the investment case can be used to advocate for sustained financing to realise the goal of malaria elimination in Asia-Pacific by 2030.
Use of Advance Care Planning Billing Codes for Hospitalized Older Adults at High Risk of Dying: A National Observational Study
Authors: Barnato Amber E , O'Malley A James , Skinner Jonathan S , Birkmeyer John D
Published: April 2019

We analyzed advance care planning (ACP) billing for adults aged 65 years or above and who were managed by a large national physician practice that employs acute care providers in hospital medicine, emergency medicine and critical care between January 1, 2017 and March 31, 2017. Prompting hospitalists to answer the validated “surprise question” (SQ; “Would you be surprised if the patient died in the next year?”) for inpatient admissions served to prime hospitalists and triggered an icon next to the patient's name. Among 113,621 hospital‐based encounters, only 6,146 (5.4%) involved a billed ACP conversation: 8.3% among SQ‐prompted who answered “no” and 4.1% SQ‐prompted who answered “yes” (for non‐SQ prompted cases, the fraction was 3.5%; P < .0001). ACP conversations were associated with a comfort‐focused care trajectory. Low ACP rates among even those with high hospitalist‐predicted mortality risk underscore the need for quality improvement interventions to increase hospital‐based ACP.
The Lasting Benefits of Teams: Tie Vitality After Teams Disband
Authors: Maloney Mary M. , Shah Priti Pradhan , Zellmer-Bruhn Mary , Jones Stephen L.
Published: April 2019

This paper introduces the concept of tie vitality, which indicates the durability and accessibility of team member connections after a team has disbanded as an additional measure of team effectiveness. The authors integrate the team and social network literatures to investigate the effects of team relational capital, team advice density, and dyadic similarities on tie vitality. Two field studies of graduate business student teams show that team relational capital—a psychological team-level state reflecting trust, identification, and mutual obligations among teammates—positively relates to tie vitality. Furthermore, team-level advice network density—a structured behavioral pattern of advice seeking and receiving—amplifies the positive relationship between relational capital and tie vitality. Results also indicate that dyad similarity relates to tie vitality, although it varies depending on which demographic characteristics are considered. Overall, findings indicate that the connections made in teams remain active after teams disband, with the extent of vitality depending on qualities developed during the team experience.
How can we change the perception of childcare?
Authors: Baker Charlotte
Published: April 2019

Professional practice in the early years is underpinned by academic training, hard work and huge responsibility. But wider society does not see it that way – which begs the question, why not?
Propuesta de estructura para educación incluyente en ingeniería - Caso: corrosión
Authors: Moreno Amado Myriam
Published: April 2019

En el presente trabajo se utilizan los motores de búsqueda de información (Google) y de videos (Youtube), para seleccionar las primeros sitios web que explican el concepto corrosión. Se pretende analizar la información encontrada para determinar consensos e identificar palabras con el fin de elaborar una propuesta constructiva de estructura para la educación incluyente en ingeniería. Este trabajo es una propuesta de mejora y de ajuste a las nuevas formas de divulgación y de comunicación de la información que surge después de detectar, en los estudiantes de la actualidad, un incremento de sus falencias conceptuales y dificultades en la comprensión de distintas temáticas que se desarrollan en los cursos relacionados con química, fisicoquímica y procesos químicos. Se encontró que en los sitios de comunicación y en los libros de texto existen diferentes términos para definir el concepto de corrosión, y algunos de estos son considerados, por principiantes, como básicos, desconociendo que se requiere un bagaje conceptual muy amplio en física, química, fisicoquímica y electroquímica. Se propone una estructura de enseñanza simple con el fin de reorganizar la información que será divulgada en los medios, recurso que, además de los estudiantes en educación formal, están utilizando los individuos que por algún motivo abandonaron su proceso formativo o aquellos que en edades adultas ingresan por primera vez a un proceso formativo y que están interesados en aprender estas temáticas, denominadas “duras”.
Arte y Educación: Instalaciones en el aula de Infantil
Authors: Rubio Gorrochategui Lara , Riaño Galán Maria Elena
Published: April 2019

El presente trabajo recoge la necesidad de incorporar el arte, y más concretamente las instalaciones artísticas en el aula de Educación Infantil, como recursos o herramientas de aprendizaje. Los objetivos del mismo son conocer el concepto de instalación, su origen y características en el mundo del arte, así como su relación con el ámbito educativo (valor pedagógico, roles, potencialidades, etc.). Asimismo, se realiza un estudio de caso a Paloma García, maestra de Educación Infantil cuya práctica educativa está basada en el uso de las instalaciones de arte contemporáneo. Dicho estudio favorecerá e impulsará el último apartado del presente trabajo: la elaboración de una propuesta y su puesta en práctica en una aula de Educación Infantil de un centro educativo en Santander. Todo esto permitirá ver el valor pedagógico de las instalaciones, su carácter innovador, sus beneficios en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y otros aspectos beneficiosos para la educación.
¿Son diferentes los motivos de abandono en la educación superior para estudiantes españoles y daneses?
Authors: López Menéndez Constanza
Published: April 2019

En los últimos tiempos la alta tasa de abandono se ha convertido en uno de los mayores problemas en el ámbito de la educación superior europea, donde tanto los países mediterráneos como los países nórdicos han tenido problemas para poner en práctica políticas nacionales que permitiesen poner freno a este fenómeno. En este contexto, el objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar los motivos que influyen en la decisión de abandonar de los estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Aarhus (Dinamarca), así como saber si estos motivos son diferentes a los de un país mediterráneo, como es el caso de España. Para ello se ha implementado un cuestionario a una muestra de 435 estudiantes daneses en periodo de transición a la universidad. Los resultados presentan como factores relevantes que favorecen la permanencia dentro de la titulación: la satisfacción con la titulación elegida, las expectativas de auto-eficacia y la oportunidad de participar en jornadas de acogida universitarias. En consecuencia, tanto Dinamarca como España y otros países mediterráneos parecen destinados a aunar esfuerzos que permitan desarrollar planes para reducir las cifras de abandono, situándolas por debajo del 10% que marcan las estrategias europeas para el año 2020.
Sumateran wild boar (Sus scrofa vittatus) meat antibody production as immunodiagnostic reagent candidate
Authors: Adiningsih Melani Wahyu , Soejoedono Retno Damajanti , Adji Rahmat Setya , Putri Dwi Desmiyeni , Purnawarman Trioso , Latif Hadri , Poetri Okti Nadia
Published: April 2019

Aim: Meat authentication gives significance values in view of religious, food safety, public health, quality assurance, and legal concern. Most of the meat authentication is based on molecular assay; a simpler method to authenticate meat is needed to develop. An immunoassays technique may offer a solution for simpler test. The aim of our current study was to develop a polyclonal antibody of Sus scrofa vittatus (Sumateran wild boar) as an immunodiagnostic reagent candidate.

Materials and Methods: Three male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study for antibody production. Antigen used was meat extract of Sumateran wild boar, each rabbit was immunized with meat extract antigen (0.5 mg/ml) emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant at a 1:1 (v/v) ratio as much as 1 ml at subcutaneous route. Booster was carried out 3 times with interval time of 14 days, using meat extract antigen emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant at a 1:1 (v/v) ratio. Serum samples were taken every week, start from 1 week after the first immunization up to 1 week after the third booster. Antibody purification was performed using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Protein A. The presence of specific antibody was determined using agar gel precipitation test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while purified specific IgG was characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method.

Results: Specific antibody was detected at 14 days after the first immunization and still detected until 2 weeks after the third booster. Highest absorbance of specific antibody was detected 1 week after the third booster.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that specific antibody of Sumateran wild boar is favorable to be produced in rabbit and showed that antibody produced is applicable to detect Sumateran wild boar meat antigen in immunodiffusion assay, indicating that it is promising as a reagent candidate in immunodiagnostic assay/kit.
A Novel Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Bictegravir, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir in Pure and Fixed Dose Combination
Authors: Singh G. Vijay Swaroop , Divakar T.E.
Published: April 2019

A novel, simple, precise, accurate stability indicating liquid chromato-graphy method was developed for the separation and simultaneous quantification of bictegravir, emtricitabine, tenofovir in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations. Separation was achieved on ProntoSILHypersorb ODS C18 column using mobile phase of 0.1 M sodium perchlorate, methanol in the ratio of 65:35 (v/v), pH 4.8 at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV detection was monitored at a wavelength of 258 nm. In these conditions, well resolved peaks were observed with acceptable system suitability at a retention time of 4.6 min for bictegravir, 7.0 min for emtricitabine and 10.1 min for tenofovir. Very high correlated linearity range was found to be 5-30 μg/mL for bictegravir, 20-120 μg/mL for emtricitabine and 2.5-15 μg/mL for tenofovir. The method can separate and identify the unknown degradation compounds formed during stress degradation study.
Determination of Satranidazole through Ion-Associative Complex Reaction
Authors: Kumar K. Kiran , Nadh R. Venkata , Kishore M. Siva , Prasad G. Giri
Published: April 2019

A simple, selective, accurate and low-cost spectrophotometric method has been described for determination of satranidazole in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The developed method involves the formation of chloroform extractable colored ion-association complex of satranidazole with Tropaeolin OOO (TPooo). The extracted colored complex showed absorbance maximum at wavelength 484 nm and obeying Beer′s law in the concentration 4-20 μg mL-1 with the correlation coeffiecent of 0.9998. The results of statistical analysis of the proposed method reveals high accuracy and good precession. Thus, the proposed method can be used commercially for the determination of satranidazole in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
Comparación de técnicas de interpolación espacial de propiedades del suelo en el piedemonte llanero colombiano
Authors: Castro Franco Mauricio , García Ramírez Dayra Yisel , Jiménez López Andrés Fernando
Published: April 2019

Contexto: la interpolación espacial de propiedades del suelo en el piedemonte llanero colombiano es compleja debido al efecto simultáneo de la génesis del suelo, las características del terreno, el uso actual, y el manejo que de él se hace. Mientras las técnicas de interpolación vienen siendo adaptadas para tener en cuenta estos efectos, algunas propiedades del suelo son difíciles de predecir con las técnicas convencionales.Método: en este trabajo se evaluaron seis técnicas de interpolación espacial: distancia inversa ponderada (IDW); Spline; kriging ordinario (KO); kriging universal (KU); cokriging (Ckg); y mejor predicción lineal insesgada empírica con máxima verosimilitud restringida (REML-EBLUP), a partir de la aplicación de hipercubo latino condicionado (HCLc) como estrategia de muestreo. Se utilizaron los índices de terreno calculados a partir de un modelo digital de elevación como información auxiliar del suelo en los procedimientos de Ckg y REML-EBLUP. Para determinar los índices de terreno más importantes de cada propiedad se utilizó el algoritmo de bosques aleatorios (RF) y para validar las interpolaciones sobre validaciones cruzadas se usaron las métricas de error.Resultados: los resultados soportan el supuesto de que HCLc captura adecuadamente la distribución total de la información auxiliar en condiciones del área experimental. Además, sugieren que Ckg y REML-EBLUP generan mejores predicciones de la mayoría de las propiedades del suelo evaluadas.Conclusiones: las técnicas de interpolación mixtas, teniendo también información auxiliar del suelo e índices de terreno, proporcionaron una mejora significativa de la predicción de propiedades del suelo, en comparación con las demás técnicas.
Transparenz normativer Orientierungen in partizipativen TA-Projekten
Authors: Mader Clemens , Hilty Lorenz M. , Som Claudia , Wäger Patrick
Published: April 2019

In partizipativen TA-Projekten treffen Teilnehmende mit unterschiedlichen normativen Orientierungen aufeinander. Wir stellen einen methodischen Ansatz vor, der alle Beteiligten dabei unterstützen soll, mit dieser Wertepluralität offen und transparent umzugehen, indem die Diskussion in einem Workshop mittels eines Online-Tools zur Befragung der potenziell Teilnehmenden vorbereitet wird. Die „LOTA“ (Landscape of Opinions for Technology Assessment) genannte Methode stützt sich auf globale Ziele, die den Teilnehmenden als normativer Referenzrahmen vorgegeben werden. Diese können Ziele auswählen und priorisieren und auf diese Weise ihre normativen Orientierungen ausdrücken. Das gleichnamige Software-Tool visualisiert eine „Meinungslandschaft“ basierend auf den Daten aus der Online-Befragung.
Balancing engagement and neutrality in technology assessment
Authors: Delvenne Pierre , Grunwald Armin , Nierling Linda , Torgersen Helge
Published: April 2019

Should technology assessment take a stance – when, on what, and how? How to deal with its neutrality paradigm in times of anti-democratic tendencies?
Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Fraksi Aktif Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dan Uji Aktivitas Larvasida terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Authors: Adinata Ika Pratiwi Khosimah , Anam Khairul , Kusrini Dewi
Published: April 2019

Identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder fraksi aktif daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dan uji aktivitas larvasida terhadapl nyamuk Aedes aegypti telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) sebagai larvasida nyamuk Aedes aegypti serta mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi jenis senyawa larvasida yang terkandung dalam ekstrak daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Ekstrak kental etanol dipartisi berturut-turut dengan n-heksana dan etil asetat. Dari hasil uji aktifitas larvasida terhadap fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat dan air diperoleh bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki aktifitas paling tinggi dengan nilai LC50 0,11%. Fraksi etil asetat kemudian difraksinasi menggunakan kromatografi cair vakum sebanyak dua kali hingga diperoleh isolat aktif (fraksi EG3). Isolat fraksi aktif diduga mengandung asam fenolat yang menyerap sinar UV-Vis pada λmax 227 nm dan 251 nm. Hasil analisis ini diperkuat dengan analisis spektrum inframerah yang menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi O-H ulur, C-H aromatik ulur dan C=C aromatik yang menandakan adanya senyawa fenol. Adanya gugus fungsi C=O, C-O dari asam karboksilat dan benzen tersubstitusi menandakan adanya asam karboksilat, di mana gugus fungsi yang dimiliki isolat identik dengan gugus fungsi asam fenolat secara umum.
Kinetika Adsorpsi Anion Nitrat dan Fosfat pada Zeolit Alam Termodifikasi Surfaktan Hexadesiltrimetilammonium Klorida
Authors: Syafaat Fahmi , Suseno Ahmad , Arnelli Arnelli
Published: April 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang kinetika adsorpsi zeolit alam dengan surfaktan heksadesiltrimetilammonium klorida sebagai adsorben ion nitrat dan fosfat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konstanta laju adsorpsi (k) optimum pada anion nitrat dan fosfat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan proses modifikasi,dan adsorpsi. Proses modifikasi dilakukan dua tahap, yaitu tahap aktivasi zeolit alam yang dilakukan dengan menambahkan larutan HF 1% selama 10 menit dan penambahan larutan NH4Cl 2M selama 4 jam, selanjutnya zeolit aktif dimodifikasi dengan HDTMA-Cl menggunakan kolom. Proses adsorpsi ion nitrat dan fosfat pada ZMS dilakukan pada variasi waktu 5;10;15;20;24 jam dan dengan variasi konsentrasi 350;400;450;500 ppm. . Hasil spektra FTIR untuk nitrat muncul pada bilangan gelombang 1473,62 cm-1 dan untuk fosfat muncul pada bilangan gelombang 462,92 cm-1 yang menunjukkan vibrasi bending (v2) PO43- dengan intensitas lemah, hal ini membuktikan bahwa anion nitrat dan fosfat berhasil teradsopsi oleh ZMS. Konstanta laju adsorpsi optimum untuk ion fosfat adalah 0,1154 g/mg.min besarnya konstanta laju adsorpsi optimum untuk ion nitrat adalah 0,00293 g/mg.min. Hasil adsorpsi pada nitrat dan fosfat menunjukkan kecenderungan bahwa ZMS mengikuti persamaan laju adsorpsi orde 2 semu untuk anion nitrat dan fosfat.
Pengaruh Tipe Pembakaran terhadap Kualitas Genteng Berglasir Serbuk Kaca/TiO2 serta Penentuan Kemampuan Fotokatalisisnya
Authors: Selvianingrum Linda , Sriatun Sriatun , Darmawan Adi
Published: April 2019

Genteng merupakan salah satu bahan penting untuk membangun rumah. Kualitas genteng dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan yang bisa dimasukkan ke dalam lempung juga dapat dilakukan pengglasiran pada permukaan genteng. Titanium dioksida merupakan bahan tambahan dalam campuran glasir yang berfungsi sebagai bahan fotokatalis. Pada penelitian ini dibuat genteng berglasir kaca/TiO2 dengan dua tipe pembakaran yaitu pembakaran tunggal dan pembakaran ganda. Dan untuk untuk mengetahui kualitas genteng maka dilakukan pengujian perembesan air. Selain itu juga dikaji penambahan TiO2 terhadap kemampuan fotokatalisis dari genteng berglasir dengan menentukan nilai celah pita permukaan glasir genteng menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis Reflektansi Difusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembakaran ganda memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pembakaran tunggal. Penambahan TiO2 pada campuran glasir menaikkan harga band gap TiO2 yang berarti menambah aktivitas fotokatalis pada glasir genteng
Pengaruh Pasta ZnO dengan Penambahan Dish Detergent dan PVA pada Kaca Konduktif terhadap Efisiensi Dye Sensitized Solar Cell dari Ekstrak Bunga Rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)
Authors: Handayani Sri , Gunawan Gunawan , Haris Abdul
Published: April 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan pasta ZnO dengan penambahan dish detergent dan PVA pada kaca konduktif terhadap efisiensi dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) dari ekstrak bunga rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan lapisan ZnO nanopori dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembuatan pasta ZnO dengan penambahan dish detergent dan PVA terhadap efisiensi dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Penelitian dilakukan dengan pembuatan elektroda kerja (working electrode) dari lapis tipis ZnOyang mengadsorb antosianin bunga rosela, elektroda perlawanan (counter electrode) dari karbon dan elektrolit I-/I3- sebagai pasangan redoks. Karakterisasi DSSC meliputi serapan panjang gelombang zat pewarna bunga rosella, kristalinitas ZnO, struktur morfologi lapis ZnO dan karakteristik ikatan antara ZnO dengan senyawa antosianin. Nilai efisiensi DSSC ditentukan dengan metode kurva arus dan tegangan. Hasil penelitian dapat diperoleh lapisan ZnO berukuran nanopori sebesar 71,43 nm, dan efisiensi DSSC yang diperoleh untuk ZnO dengan dish detergent sebesar 2,964 x 10-4% sedangkan ZnO dengan PVA diperoleh efisiensi sebesar 0,712 x 10-4%.
Statistical Approach for Water Glass Precursor Preparation from Bamboo Leaf Silica
Authors: Silviana Silviana , Jos Bakti , Santosa Herry , Sumardiono Siswo
Published: April 2019

The bamboo leaf consists of high silica content. In this study, the bamboo silica was utilized as water glass. Water glass can also be used as eco-friendly precursors for the preparation of silica aerogel. The extraction process of silica from bamboo leaf have been carried out through acid leaching and combustion process at 750°C based on thermal gravimetry analysis. This paper is aimed to assess the effect of two types of alkali hydroxide and concentrations producing water glass of bamboo leaf silica. The result was analyzed by using a 22-factorial design with six replications. The alkali hydroxide types were sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide with a concentration of 4 M and 6 M, respectively. The study was executed in several steps, i.e. pre-treatment of bamboo leaf, leaching process, combustion, purification of bamboo leaf silica and synthesis of water glass. The optimum condition of water glass products was obtained at silica concentration of 41.08 ppm and density of 1.23 g/L for potassium hydroxide, while at 40.15 ppm and 1.30 g/L for sodium hydroxide. ANOVA analysis resulted in a significant effect for type of hydroxide and concentration releasing model for silica concentration response. This study also characterized the silica structure and composition by instrumentation analysis for silica solid obtained from optimum water glass condition with potassium hydroxide. It can be denoted the physical behavior of silica solid from water glass by potassium hydroxide did not differ from previous research of water glass by sodium hydroxide.
Effect of pH and Gas Flow Rate on Ozone Mass Transfer of Κ-Carrageenan Solution in Bubble Column Reactor
Authors: Prasetyaningrum Aji , Kusumaningtyas Dyah Arum , Suseno Purbo , Ratnawati Ratnawati
Published: April 2019

This research was conducted to calculate the mass transfer coefficient value for ozonation reaction of κ-carrageenan solution in the bubble column reactor. Ozone gas was produced using ozone generator type corona discharge. In this study, operating conditions were regulated at ozone gas flow rate 2- 5 L min-1, pH 4-10, and temperature 29 ± 1 oC. Samples were tested every 5 minutes to determine the dissolved ozone concentration. The results showed that dissolved ozone concentrations increased with increasing ozonation time and ozone gas flow rate. However, a very high gas flow rate can increase turbulence so that the mass transfer coefficient (kLa) value decreased. In alkaline conditions, the formation of free radicals (HO*) increases so that the amount of dissolved ozone decreases. The kLa value of ozone gas in κ-carrageenan solution is slightly lower than the kLa value of the ozone gas in the water. The results of this study indicate that (kLa) ozone gas in water is 0.131 / minute while the value (kLa) in κ-carrageenan solution is 0.128 / minute.Keywords: ozone; mass transfer; pH; flowrate
Effect of Peanut Shell Torrefaction on Qualities of The Produced Bio-pellet
Authors: Wibowo Santiyo , Lestari Ningseh
Published: April 2019

Peanut shells could be regarded as biomass wastes generated from agricultural products, which are abundantly available.  The current handling of those wastes is merely through direct incineration, without a proper and controlled manner. Consequently, it could arouse environmental concerns, such as air pollution and human respiratory diseases.  One alternative solution is converting those peanut shells to bio-pellet, expectedly applicable for fuels.  Relevantly, research on bio-pellet manufacture from peanut shells, previously treated with the torrefaction, was conducted. It’s aimed mainly to identify the fuel-related characteristics of bio-pellet products.  The tested bio-pellet parameters covered, moisture content, ash content, volatile matters, fixed carbon content, calorific values, and density.  The results revealed that torrefaction temperature and time at raw materials (peanut shells) could improve their qualities in regard to particular calorific value compared to those before such torrefaction; which referred to Indonesia’s Standard (SNI-8021-2014) for wood bio-pellet.  Further, torrefaction could increase bio-pellet quality which satisfied the SNI’s Standard, except for ash content.  Optimal torrefaction treatment was obtained at 300oC temperature for 60 minutes, whereby it achieved remarkable bio-pellet characteristics in terms of moisture content (3.092%), ash content (6.116%), volatile matters (38.387%), fixed carbon (55.447%), calorific value (6174 cal/g), and density (0.703 g/cm3). The torrefaction bio-pellets from peanut shells could achieve remarkable performances, with respect to fuel consumption rate (0.68 kg/hr), heating value (6174 kcal/kg), and thermal efficiency (16.67%).Keywords: biomass wastes, bio-pellet, conversion, peanut shells, torrefaction treatment
Integrated Electrocoagulation and Tight Ultrafiltration Membrane for Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse
Authors: Nugroho F.A. , Aryanti Putu Teta Prihartini , Irawan B. , Kurnia M.F. , Prasetyo T.
Published: April 2019

Wastewater reclamation and reuse have become an alternative to saving operational costs while reducing the impact of waste pollution. In this paper, integration of electrocoagulation (EC) and polysulfone-based ultrafiltration (UF-PSf) membranes were used for the mentioned purpose. The EC unit equipped with 7 (seven) pieces of E-shaped of Al electrodes, which operated at a current of 3 (three) Amperes and a residence time of 2 (two) hours. The waste samples obtained from textile and oil palm industries. The experimental results were compared based on product quality and economic feasibility. When used for textile waste treatment, the integrated EC-UF units reduced TDS, TSS, BOD, and COD by 77%, 95%, 70 -80%, and 60-70%, respectively. While in palm oil waste treatment, the TDS and TSS reduced by 92% and 98%. The electrode loss rate in palm oil waste treatment was 2 (two) times greater than textile waste. By assuming that the waste production capacity of both industries was 400 m3/day, the water production cost in textile waste treatment was Rp. 4,000/m3. While in the palm oil waste treatment, the water production cost was Rp. 6,000/m3. These results showed that the EC-UF unit could be used as an economical and environmentally friendly alternative process for reclamation of industrial wastewater that meets the clean water quality standards.Keywords: electrocoagulation, industrial wastewater, ultrafiltration, reclamation, reuse water
Evaluation Performance of Pneumatic Dryer for Cassava Starch
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Hidayati Nur
Published: April 2019

In small and medium industries, cassava starch is dried using conventional method by drying it directly under the sun. However, the main drawback of conventional method is low drying rate. Therefore, in this study, cassava starch with a water content of 40% (wet basis) was dried using a pneumatic dryer to a moisture content below 13% (wet basis). The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of drying air temperature, drying air flow rate and rate of feeding in relation to drying rate and energy analysis. Energy analysis was performed to determine the performance of pneumatic dryer. The energy analysis itself is done in the form of energy utilization and energy efficiency. The energy analysis shows that the increase of dryer temperature from 60 to 100oC will increase the utilization of energy from 0.34 to 0.76 J/s, while the energy efficiencies ranged between 30-40%. Proximate analysis shows that the dried cassava starch has an ash content of 0,24, grain fiber of 0,12, and degree of whiteness of 98%, which fulfills the SNI standard of cassava starch.Keywords: cassava starch; energy analysis; pneumatic dryer
Characterization and Development of Edible Film/Coating from Lesser Yam Starch-Plasticizer Added with Potassium Sorbate or Cinnamon Oil in Affecting Characteristics and Shelf Life of Stored, Coated Strawberry
Authors: Pokatong Wilbur Donald Raymond , Decyree Jessica
Published: April 2019

Starch of lesser yam (‘gembili’ in Indonesian) has been used as a base for edible film and coating. Potassium sorbate and cinnamon oil are known as strong antimicrobial agents. This research was aimed to investigate the physical and mechanical characteristics of edible film from lesser yam starch-plasticizer formulations added with potassium (K) sorbate or cinnamon oil and its application as coating to strawberries. Incorporation of either K-sorbate or cinnamon oil at higher concentration resulted in reduced tensile strength and elongation with higher water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The selected edible film formulations were applied as coating on strawberry stored at two conditions: room (28-30°C) and refrigeration temperature (5-6°C). At room temperature, controls had shelf life only for 2 and 4 days and strawberries coated with addition of K-sorbate lasted for 5-6 days, and those with addition of cinnamon oil prolonged for 5-11 days. At refrigeration storage, shelf life of controls was 9 and 18 days whereas K-sorbate-added formulations further prolonged shelf life of strawberries for 19-21 days, and those added with cinnamon oil lasted for 25-26 days. Therefore, all coated, stored strawberries had longer shelf life and more retained strawberries’ quality including lower weight loss, higher hardness, and lower microbial count.Keywords: cinnamon oil; edible coating; edible film; potassium sorbate; strawberry
Dual Tracer 99mTc-Pertechnetate/99mTc-MIBI Dual-Time-Point SPECT/CT Parathyroid Gland Assessment Regarding to Parathyroid Gland Size and Biochemical Parameters – Two Years Single Imaging Centre Experience
Authors: Krčálová Eva , Horáček Jiří , Nováková Edita , Cvejn Miroslav , Lazaráková Daša , Mikulecký Radek , Máslo Jiří , Čepková Jitka , Tilšer Jan , Doležal Jiří
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Preoperative parathyroid imaging is inevitable part of focused parathyroid surgery. The aim of our study was assessment of parathyroid scintigraphy diagnostic accuracy regarding to size and metabolic parameters of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. Material and methods: Parathyroid scintigraphy for suspected primary hyperparathyroidism was performed in 95 patients during years 2015 and 2016. Of them, 75 patients with known clinical outcome (40 underwent surgery, 35 had documented laboratory follow-up) were further retrospectively evaluated. The performance of dual tracer99mTc-pertechnetate and99mTc-MIBI subtraction and dual-time-point99mTc-MIBI imaging with SPECT/CT was analysed. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcaemia, ionized calcaemia and phosphataemia and ultrasound detected adenoma volume and largest diameter in false negative and true positive findings were compared using Mann-Whitney test. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of parathyroid scintigraphy was 74.5% and 95.8%, respectively. NPV was 63.8% and PPV 97.4%. Hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue detectability was almost significantly associated with hypophosphataemia and PTH levels. Conclusion: Parathyroid scintigraphy provides high sensitivity and superior specificity in parathyroid adenoma location, nevertheless the diagnostic accuracy tends to decline in smaller adenomas and in less metabolically active parathyroid tissue causing only subtle biochemical changes.18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT or 3D SPECT/CT subtraction should be a reasonable option for those cases.
Investigation of cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic effects of curcumin on glioma cells
Authors: Seyithanoğlu Mehmet Hakan , Abdallah Anas , Kitiş Serkan , Güler Eray Metin , Koçyiğit Abdurrahim , Dündar Tolga Turan , Gündağ Papaker Meliha
Published: April 2019

Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor of the brain. The treatment of this tumor is still a challenge. Curcumin has been shown to have therapeutic effects when used to treat malignant diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of its action are not fully elucidated. We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a key role in curcumin-induced DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell death. To test our hypothesis, cytotoxic, genotoxic, apoptotic, and ROS-generating effects, as well as mitochondrial membrane potentials of curcumin on rat glioma cells (C-6) and normal fibroblastic cells (L-929) were investigated. We examined concentration-dependent cytotoxic, genotoxic, apoptotic, and ROS generating effects of curcumin at C-6 cells and L-929 cells. The cells were incubated with different doses of curcumin (10-100 µM) for 24 hours. Higher doses of curcumin resulted in greater cellular death of cancer than of normal cells at higher concentrations. Curcumin also induced ROS generation in cancer than normal cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results showed that curcumin-induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001). At high curcumin concentration such as 80 µM, the proportions of live cells in cancer and normal cell lines were 11.5 and 44.3, respectively. The higher doses of curcumin resulted in greater apoptosis in cancer than normal cells.This in vitro study provided clear evidence that curcumin induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Cytotoxicity may be due to its pro-oxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner in cancer and normal cells. These activities were higher in cancer cells.
Ent-Dihydrotucumanoic acid promotes apoptosis in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Zhou Min , Li Weibing
Published: April 2019

Prostate cancer (PC) has become a disease that pose a serious threat to men's health and life. In recent years, due to the changes of environment, lifestyle and other factors, the incidence of PC has been increasing rapidly in recent years, which is a serious threat to men's health. Ent-Dihydrotucumanoic Acid (DTA) is a compound isolated from Asteraceae of gymnosperms, which has many pharmacological effects. The effect of DTA on the growth of tumor cell line was studied by CCK-8 method, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, apoptosis-related genes were detected by Western blot assay, and the absorptivity of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 was measured by spectrophotometer. It was found that DTA induces apoptosis of human prostate cancer cell line PC3 through mitochondrial pathway, thus preventing the development of prostate cancer. It lays the experimental foundation for the further development of DTA.