bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia among Preterm Infants: Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Analysis
Authors: Imanishi Yousuke , Usui Noriaki , Furukawa Taizo , Nagata Kouji , Hayakawa Masahiro , Amari Shoichiro , Yokoi Akiko , Masumoto Kouji , Yamoto Masaya , Okazaki Tadaharu , Inamura Noboru , Toyoshima Katsuaki , Terui Keita , Okuyama Hiroomi
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the survival and intact-survival rates among preterm infants with congenital diaphragm hernia (CDH).

Study Design

Multicenter retrospective cohort study of 849 infants born between 2006 and 2020 at 15 Japanese CDH study group facilities. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted using inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) method was used. We also compare trends of intact-survival rates among term and preterm infants with CDH.

Results

After adjusting using the IPTW method for CDH severity, sex, APGAR score at 5 min, and cesarean delivery, preterm infants had a significantly lower survival rate [odds ratio (OR), 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22–0.95] and lower intact-survival rate [OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.32–0.74] compared with term infants. Trends of intact-survival rates for preterm infants had changed little unlike term infants.

Conclusion

Prematurity was a significant risk factor for survival and intact-survival among infants with CDH, regardless of adjustment for CDH severity.
Performance and emissions of a high-pressure common-rail diesel engine fueled by coal-based diesel fuels and their blends with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Li Ting , Niu Tianlin , Zheng Wenxiu , Xie Yijing , E Weibo
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled by coal-based diesel fuels and their blends with oxygenated fuel polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn). First, coal-based Fischer–Tropsch diesel fuel was blended with hydrogenated diesel fuel at three volume ratios of 40%/60%, 50%/50%, and 60%/40%, denoted as T6W4, T5W5, and T4W6, respectively. Then, PODEn were added into the T4W6 fuel with the volume ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% to evaluate its effects on the performance and emissions of a coal-based diesel engine. The results showed that the output torques and powers of the three coal-based diesel blends were slightly lower than those of the petroleum diesel fuel. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the coal-based diesel fuels was almost the same as that of the petroleum diesel fuel. The brake thermal efficiencies (BTE) of the coal-based diesel blends were slightly lower than that of the petroleum diesel fuel, and the maximum reduction was 1.59%. The pollutant emissions of T5W5 were the closest to those of petroleum diesel fuel. The NOx emissions of T4W6 were lower, with a maximum decrease of 12.16% compared with the petroleum diesel. The carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of T6W4 were the highest, and the smoke emissions of T4W6 and T6W4 were higher than those of petroleum diesel fuel. Adding PODEn into T4W6 lowered the engine power and torque but increased the BSFC and BTE. The output torque and power of the diesel engine were further reduced when PODEn were blended with T4W6. With an increase in the PODEn blending ratio, BSFC and BTE increased gradually, and the maximum increase in the BTE was 1.57%. Blending PODEn with the fuel effectively improved the emission characteristics of the coal-based diesel fuels, and the NOx emissions increased slightly. The emissions of HC, CO, and smoke were reduced significantly, with maximum reductions of 19.15%, 26.65%, and 82.35%, respectively.
Moisture diffusivity of medicinal and aromatic plants during convective drying by hot air: Myrtle leaves
Authors: Marwa Bedjaoui , Oumaima Berrich , Soufien Azzouz , Salah-eddine Azzouz
Published: November 2022

In order to investigate the influence of the drying air characteristics on the drying performance of Tunisian myrtle leaves, drying tests were carried out on a tunnel dryer at the Laboratory of Energetic and Thermal and Mass Transfers LETTM. The sorption isotherm was determined at five temperature levels 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60°C and at water activity ranging from 0.058 to 0.89, using the static gravimetric method. A non-linear regression procedure was used to fit experimental sorption isotherms with the most used empirical mathematical models available in the literature. The Peleg model was reported to be a suitable fit for the sorption experimental data in the mentioned investigated ranges of water activities and temperature. The myrtle leaves drying experiments were carried out at the five air temperatures in the range of 40–60°C air velocity of 2.0 m/s and performed at a relative humidity of 20%. Results indicated that drying took place in the falling rate period. Moisture transfer from myrtle leaves was described by applying Fick's diffusion model. The drying characteristic curve has been established from experimental convective drying kinetics. The values of the diffusivity coefficients at each condition were obtained using Fick's second law of diffusion. They varied from 1.266 * 10-10 to 13.06 * 10-10m²/s in the temperature range of 40–60°C and the relative humidity of 20%. An Arrhenius relation with an activation energy value of 104.63 kJ/mol was obtained.
Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection for distinct immune functions and coexistence space of SARS-CoV-2 endemic and cytotoxic T lymphocytes response-free equilibria
Authors: de Carvalho João P. S. Maurício
Published: November 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (CoViD-19). The symptoms of CoViD-19 are essentially reflected in the respiratory system, although other organs are also affected. More than 6.5 million people have died worldwide due to this disease. Despite CoViD-19 vaccines are already being administered, alternative treatments that address the immunopathology of the infection are still needed. For this end, a deeper knowledge on how human immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 is required. In this study, we propose a non-integer order model to understand the dynamics of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the presence of SARS-CoV-2. We have found a space of parameters for which a SARS-CoV-2 endemic and a CTL response-free equilibria can coexist. Also, we computed the basic reproduction number and analysed the values of the model parameters in order to understand which ones inhibit or enhance the progression of the infection. Numerical simulations were performed for different values of the order of the fractional derivative and for four different proliferation functions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Formation of bis-spiropyrrolidines from isatin, secondary amins, and alkylidene Meldrum’s acids
Authors: Khandan Samira , Yavari Issa
Published: November 2022

Abstract

A synthesis of stable bis-spiropyrrolidines from isatin, secondary amines, and alkylidene Meldrum’s acids in MeCN in 75–95% yield is described. The antioxidant properties and antimicrobial abilities of the synthesized compounds are investigated. For this purpose, the radical scavenging activities of four derivatives were studied by radical trapping of diphenylpicrylhydrazine and ferric reduction power experiments. Disk diffusion test on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria employed to investigate antibacterial activities of five derivatives.
Identification of Potential Artificial Groundwater Recharge Zones in Tikurwuha Watershed of Ethiopia
Authors: Ababulgu Yisak Mohammed , Molla Mikias Biazen
Published: November 2022

Groundwater extraction has increased alarmingly in association with urbanization and population growth to fulfill the high water demand worldwide. On the other hand, urbanization cause reduction of the natural groundwater recharge due to deforestation and increase in impervious area. This problem is also common in most parts of Ethiopia including the study area. This study thus attempts to identify the potential artificial groundwater recharge zones in Tikurwuha watershed for implementation of artificial groundwater recharge techniques. To do this Geographic information system based multi criteria decision making method was used. Nine factors selected in the analysis process include rainfall, soil texture, geology, normalized difference vegetation index (as land use land cover indicator), slope, topographic position index, topographic wetness index, drainage density and lineament density. These factors were generated using study area rainfall, soil texture, geology, Landsat image and digital elevation model. The relative importance between pair of factors was decided using local expert interview and review of similar studies. The factors weights were then derived using analytical hierarchy process using decided relative importance. Weighted overlay was finally performed after Suitability classes have generated for each factor based on standards or expert interview. The final potential artificial groundwater recharge zones suitability class showed an area of extremely high (0.5625 hectare (0.001%)), high (20003.7 hectare (30.959%)), moderate (42428.17 hectare (65.665%)), poor (2179.656 hectare (3.373%)) and very poor (1.312 hectare (0.002%)). As extremely high potential sites are insignificant decision makers can use high potential sites for the implementation of artificial groundwater recharge techniques.
Adapting the Priestly-Taylor Index as a Physiological Stress Indicator in Vineyard Agrosystems
Authors: Kacur Sean , Yu Runze , Zaccaria Daniele , Snyder Richard L. , Marigliano Lauren E. , Gambetta Gregory A. , Bali Khaled M. , Kurtural Sahap
Published: November 2022

Seasonal management of plant water status and the accompanying physiological responses are critical aspects of viticultural production. Presently, grapevine (Vitis vinifera, L.) water status is measured via in-season measurements of stem water potential or post-season analysis of must carbon isotope ratios, with the former limited by reliance on laborious measurements and the latter providing information post-season. Therefore, there is a gap in reliable, real-time measurements of plant water status. Technological advances in surface renewal measurement in vineyards have provided an economical and reliable method for measuring actual evapotranspiration of a vineyard. This experiment utilized surface renewal calculations to derive a novel index of grapevine water stress, the Priestly-Taylor index (β-index), and related it to measurements of stem water potential, leaf-gas exchange, and must carbon isotopes from three vineyards with differing irrigation strategies over two growing seasons. The sensible heat flux, latent heat flux and net radiation varied across these vineyards and affected the actual vineyard evapotranspiration measured. Likewise, the β-index was different across these vineyards and ranged from 1.7 to 2.1 in the Sacramento Valley of California to 0.5 to 1.2 in the Napa Valley of California. The β-index was related to stem water potential, net carbon assimilation and stomatal conductance (r2 = 0.42, r2 = 0.45, r2 = 0.33, respectively). Results indicated that the β-index was an indicator of real-time vineyard water status and a proxy for physiological responses in vineyards. The coupling of atmospheric controls on evapotranspiration with plant physiological responses makes β a powerful tool for irrigation management in large scale agrosytems.
Perturbations in third body with oblate primaryvia double averaging.
Authors: Pandey L. P. , Sharma Binay Kumar , Tomar Rahul
Published: November 2022

In the present article we have developed an analytical model and did a numerical simulation to study the motion of the artificial earth’s satellite. We considered a model in which a celestial body(satellite) moving under the gravitational field of an oblate body and in presence of grav-itational pull of other distant body. We begin by expressing disturbing function in terms of Legendre’s polynomial and restricted our calculations up to second-order terms. Our methodology consists of a double averaging technique over the periods of perturbed and perturbing bodies. The focus of this work is to study the effect of the oblate shape of the central body on the orbital elements of the test particle in the framework of restricted three-body problem. We compare the evolution of orbital elements graphically when the central body has an oblate shape with the case when it is a point mass and illustrate the effect of oblateness on eccentricity , inclination, and argument of pericentre. On changing the shape of the central body from point mass to oblate shape, we noticed significant changes in orbital elements of perturbed body. The double averaged model(say) in this article can be applied on other systems but we have applied it to earth’s satellite movement in the medium earth orbit(MEO) region when it is perturbed by the moon.
Shifts in flood generation processes exacerbate regional flood anomalies in Europe
Authors: Tarasova Larisa , Lun David , Merz Ralf , Blöschl Günter , Basso Stefano , Bertola Miriam , Miniussi Arianna , Rakovec Oldrich , Samaniego Luis , Thober Stephan , Kumar Rohini
Published: November 2022

Anomalies in the frequency of river floods, i.e., flood-rich or -poor periods, cause biases in flood risk estimates and thus make climate adaptation measures less efficient. While observations have recently confirmed the presence of flood anomalies in Europe, their exact causes are not clear. Here we analyse streamflow and climate observations during 1960-2010 to show that shifts in flood generation processes contribute more to the occurrence of regional flood anomalies than changes in extreme rainfall. A shift from rain on dry soil to rain on wet soil events by 5% increased the frequency of flood-rich periods in the Atlantic region, and an opposite shift in the Mediterranean region increased the frequency of flood-poor periods, but will likely make singular extreme floods occur more often. Flood anomalies driven by changing flood generation processes in Europe may further intensify in a warming climate and should be considered in flood estimation and management.
Ploidy Levels and DNA Contents of Bougainvillea Accessions Determined by Flow Cytometry Analysis
Authors: Li Haiyan , Niu Junhai , Sun Luping , Li Ya , Leng Qingyun , Chen Jinhua , Zhang Jinran , Yanan Yanan , Ma Chao , López Hernán Ariel
Published: November 2022

Bougainvillea Comm. ex Juss. (Nyctaginaceae; Bougainvillea) is a popular ornamental plant with vigorous growth, luxuriant blooming, colorful bracts, and a high tolerance to the stresses of temperature, drought, and soil pollution, and thus is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. However, the paucity of information on ploidy and the genomic constitution is a significant challenge to genome research and cultivar improvement. We present a flow cytometry method for ploidy detection in bougainvillea based on evaluating different lysates and tissues, identify the ploidy level of a batch of bougainvillea accessions, and infer the genome size of horticultural species Bougainvillea glabra, Bougainvillea spectobilis, and Bougainvillea peruviana. The results show that tender leaves and woody plant buffer (WPB) were optimal for flow cytometry analysis. The 2C nuclear DNA amounts in 176 bougainvillea accessions ranged from 4.66 ± 0.04 to 12.26 ± 0.1 pg, which represents 161 diploids, 13 triploids, 1 tetraploid, and 1 di-tetraploid mixoploid. For B. glabra, B. spectobilis, and B. peruviana, the mean 1C values were 3.201, 3.066, and 2.915 pg, respectively. The genome size of B. glabra was significantly larger than that of B. peruviana (P = 0.0004), but had no significant variation with that of B. spectobilis (P = 0.1061). These results reveal fundamental cytogenetic information for bougainvillea that are beneficial to whole-genome sequencing and hybrid breeding programs.
A Perspective on K-12 AI Education
Authors: Wang Nathan , Tonko Paul , Ragav Nikil , Chungyoun Michael , Plucker Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI), which enables machines to learn to perform a task by training on diverse datasets, is one of the most revolutionary developments in scientific history. Although AI, and especially deep learning, is relatively new, it has already had a transformative impact
on medicine, biology, transportation, entertainment, and beyond. As AI changes our daily lives at an increasingly fast pace, we are challenged with preparing our society for an AI-driven future. To this end, a critical step is to ensure an AI-ready workforce through education. Advocates of
beginning instruction of AI basics at the K-12 level typically note benefits to the workforce, economy, and national security. In this complementary perspective, we discuss why learning AI is beneficial for motivating students and promoting creative thinking and how to develop a module-based
approach that optimizes learning outcomes. We hope to excite and engage more members of the education community to join the effort to advance K-12 AI education in the United States and worldwide.
IS IT POSSIBLE TO MEASURE UNCERTAINTY IN THE HEALTHCARE MARKET?
Authors: ÖZMEN Oğuzhan , ARIKAN Cengiz
Published: November 2022

The subject of uncertainty is a phenomenon that has been researched and discussed in order to make the market more predictable by providing market balances in a historical process. Uncertainty is an important determinant of enterprise and investment for all kinds of markets, and it is effective at increasing and decreasing levels depending on time and events. However, due to the characteristics of the health services market, it is always considered as a factor that has to be taken into account.

It is considered that the reasons why the concept of uncertainty in the health services market is more pronounced and effective than other markets are mainly due to the various differences in the field of health services, and an acceptance behavior has emerged about the concept of uncertainty in health services.

In this study, the "uncertainty measures" that can be applied to other markets were evaluated as applicable to the health services market, and health markets were evaluated in terms of uncertainty measures in other markets, based on the hypothesis of "Uncertainty cannot be measured in the Health Services Market". In the study, primarily, the definition of uncertainty in terms of the health services market was made, and the sources of uncertainty in the health market were tried to be determined as in other markets. The most frequently used uncertainty measures have been adapted to the health service market actors about the health services market uncertainty arising from these sources, and in this way, the measurability, quantification, and formulalability of the uncertainty in the health services market have been examined.

As a result; Quantitative measurement of uncertainty in the healthcare market and making a numerical estimation of the expected uncertainty processes are hypothetically possible. Thanks to the determinable and predictable healthcare market uncertainty values, all actors in the healthcare market will have a higher level of knowledge in decision-making processes, face lower costs in a more balanced market, and make less risky investments.
FIRE EFFECT ON LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE BEAMS IN FLEXURAL
Authors:   Teaching Assistant of Civil Eng. Dept High Institute of Engineering Science Valley Academy, Cairo, Egypt., Abdelalim Elsaid Yasser , El-Kareim Shoeib Ata ,   Prof. Concrete Structure of Faculty of Engineering (El-Mataria) Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt., Youssef Riad Magdy ,   Assistant Prof. of Civil Eng. Dept High Institute of EngineeringShrouk Academy, Cairo, Egypt., Hassanien Amal ,   Assistant Prof. of Structural Faculty of Engineering (El-Mataria) Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
Published: November 2022

This research was commenced with the objective of investigating the lightweight concrete LWC behavior when exposed to fire by partial aggregate replacement with polystyrene foam under concentric loads, experimentally. This is attributed to the fact that the reduced mass concrete reduces the imposed lateral load during earthquakes, Literature review was carried out in the field of LWC in order to determine the research gaps or weak points to commence this research.From the analysis of tested results showed that the crack width increased and the numbers of cracks increased due to exposing the tested beam to fire .The ultimate load decreased by subjected to fire by average 26.263% while the deflection increased with average 15.42% for beam and the ductility slightly decreased by average 13.1% because of the decreasing in the deflection corresponding to the maximum load where the energy absorption capacity decreased with average 29.7% for beam.
TEACHING AND LEARNING THE HOLY QURAN IN MALAYSIA AND OMAN: AN OVERVIEW
Authors:   Faculty of Contemporary Islamic Studies, UniversitiSultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Gong Badak, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., Shafiee Hamzah Mohd , Darwish Al Zadjali Maimoona ,   Department of Islamic Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University,P.O. Box 50, P.C. 123 al-khod, Oman, Sultanate of Oman., Fathy Mohamed Abdelgelil Mohamed ,   Faculty of Contemporary Islamic Studies, UniversitiSultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Gong Badak, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., Rashid Al-Suwafi Said ,   Department of Islamic Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University,P.O. Box 50, P.C. 123 al-khod, Oman, Sultanate of Oman., Halim Mohamed Abdul ,   Department of Islamic Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University,P.O. Box 50, P.C. 123 al-khod, Oman, Sultanate of Oman., Che Noh Noorsafuan ,   Faculty of Contemporary Islamic Studies, UniversitiSultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Gong Badak, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,   Research Institute for Islamic Products &Malay Civilization (INSPIRE), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Gong Badak, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Published: November 2022

The Quran is the Holy Book in Islam and reading it is an act of worship. Various efforts have been made by the Muslim scholars to ensure that the Muslim generation is able to read the Quran. Based on this statement, this study aims to study the teaching and learning al-Quran in two Islamic countries, Malaysia and Oman. This study is a qualitative study in which the data analysed in this study will be the analysis of documents related to the development of Quranic teaching in Oman and Malaysia. This study found that the al-Baghdadiah method is the traditional method in teaching and learning the Holy Quran in Malaysia, while al-Baghdadiah method and al-Nuraniyyah method are traditional method in Oman. Second, the teachings of the Quran have also changed in accordance with the changes of the times. Third, both governments have shown great determination in ensuring that the Muslim generation can read the Quran by integrating the study of the Quran in the curriculum in their respective countries.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF CRASSOCEPHALUM CREPIDIOIDES ON THE WOUND HEALING IN ALBINO RATS
Authors:   Post Graduate Trainee, Department of Pharmacology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur., Das Ananya
Published: November 2022

Crassocephalumcrepidioides has been widely used in many parts of the world. The succus of the plant has also been used since many years by the local people of Manipur to treat fresh wounds. However, there has been no scientific studies till date to prove its role in wound healing. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the effects of the methanol extract of the leaves of this plant on the wound healing activity in albino rats using different wound models.
STUDY OF CORRELATION OF OPTIC DISC CHANGES WITH VISUAL FIELD CHANGES AND RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER THICKNESS IN PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Authors:   Postgraduate, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Regional Eye Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India., Anoohya Vuyyuru , Nirmala Jyothi Pamu ,   Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Regional Eye Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India., Lakshmi Saranya CH ,   Postgraduate, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Regional Eye Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: November 2022

Aim:To correlate the optic disc changes with visual field defects and with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma for their accurate diagnosis and management. Materials and Methods:This was a hospital based cross sectional study done on 100 eyes of 50 patients diagnosed with POAG who presented to Department of Ophthalmology from January 2021 to January 2022. A thorough clinical history and a complete ophthalmic examination including a detailed fundus examination was done. 24-2 SITA standard strategy Visual field recording was done on Humphrey visual field Analyzer.RNFL thickness is measured using Cirrus HD SD-OCT. Results: There is statistically significant correlation of rim area with mean deviation(r=0.471), pattern standard deviation(r=-0.226), visual field index (r=0.486) and with RNFL thickness (r=0.476). Significant correlation is seen in vertical cup/disc ratio with mean deviation (r=-0.555), pattern standard deviation(r=0.207), visual field index(r=-0.559) and RNFL thickness (r=-0.511). Conclusion: There is significant correlation of optic disc changes with visual field changes and also with RNFL thinning in POAG. Hence, in suspected cases of POAG both visual field testing as well as RNFL analysis must be undertaken for early and accurate diagnosis.
STUDY ON PATTERN OF SECONDARY GLAUCOMA IN RURAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Gujarathi Tosha , Bangal Surekha , Sharma Rashi
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy leading to loss of visual function. It is the second most common cause of blindness. Aim: To study the pattern of secondary glaucoma and to identify their known risk factors and its aetiology. Methods: A observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in rural set-up. A total of 45 patients with raised IOP having suspected secondary glaucoma were evaluated. Evaluation was done on the basis of detailed history and clinical examination including visual acuity, anterior segment examination, intraocular pressure, gonioscopy and fundus evaluation. Results: The mean age at presentation was 65.46ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â±13.72 years with 60% (27) males and 40% (18) females. Diabetes mellitus was seen in 22.2% (10), long term steroid use in 2.22% (1). Out of 45 patients 46.66% (21) had lens induced glaucoma, 26.66% (12) had pseudoexfoliatory glaucoma, 2.22% (1) had steroid induced glaucoma, 2.22% (1) had pigmentary glaucoma, 35.56% (4) had neovascular glaucoma, 4.44% (2) had inflammatory glaucoma, 2.22% (1) had angle recession glaucoma, 4.44% (2) had pseudophakic glaucoma and 2.22% (1) had malignant glaucoma. The mean IOP was 42.75ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â±9.98 mm Hg at the time of presentation. Vision was PL -ve in 8.88% (4), PL + and PR faulty in 15.55% (7), PL + PR + in 60% (27) and less than 6/36 in 15.55% (7). On funduscopy 13.32% (6) had glaucomatous optic atrophy, 6.66% (3) had advanced glaucomatous disc changes, 6.66% (3) had normal findings and in 73.26% (33) it was not visualized due to hazy media. Gonioscopy showed that 26.64% (12) had open angle out of which 2.22% (1) had pigmentation (sampaolesiÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚Â™s line), 4.44% (2) had neovascularisation of the angle, 2.22% (1) had angle recession and in 66.6% (30) gonioscopy was not possible due to corneal edema and pain. Conclusion: All 45 patients were evaluated clinically and it was found that secondary glaucoma was most common in 61-70 years with male predominance. The most common type was lens induced type followed by pseudoexfoliatory type.
A COUNTRY-WIDE SURVEY ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ABOUT CAUSES AND MANAGEMENT TOWARDS AMBLYOPIA AMONG SAUDI POPULATION
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, POB 4490, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia., H. AlRashidi Sultan , Alharbi Ibtehaj ,   Bachelor of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim Universisty, Saudi Arabia., Alharbi Thekra ,   Bachelor of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim Universisty, Saudi Arabia.
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Saudi population towards amblyopia on a national level. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 among people who were aged â‰¥ 18 years from all regions of Saudi Arabia by using online self-administered questionnaire. The survey consisted of three main sections 1) sociodemographic data, personal and family history of eye diseases 2) knowledge questions and 3) attitude and practice questions. A survey link was used to collect data which also included an informed consent to be read and approved by the participant. Results: We interviewed 2001 Saudi nationals (24.7% men, 75.3% women), with mean age of 32.0 (Â±11.6) years.Seventy-three-point nine percent of the participants had no knowledge of amblyopia, while 26.1% had heard of it and knew its correct definition. Of those, 23.4% believe it can be attributed to genetics, 20.3% believe it can be caused by refractive errors and strabismus, and 45.9% are unsure whether it can be treated or cured. According to 25.8% of respondents, the media is the most common source of information on amblyopia. Eye exercises, surgery, medications and patching the good eye were perceived as treatment options by 21.3%, 20.3%, 17.0% and 17.5% of the participants, respectively. Although 49.2% are unaware of what age amblyopia can be treated, 22.8% believe that amblyopia can be treated after the age of 18. Conclusion: Our study showed that Saudi citizens have low level of awareness and inadequate knowledge about amblyopia, its causes, management and importance of early detection.
APPLICATION AND SUCCESS RATES OF ZIRCONIA- A REVIEW
Authors:   Professor and Head Department of Prosthodontics, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Science And Research, Modinagar, Ghaziabad., Tomer Leena , George John ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Science And Research, Modinagar, Ghaziabad., Kaur Mandeep ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Science And Research, Modinagar, Ghaziabad., Tyagi Swati ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Science And Research, Modinagar, Ghaziabad., J. Aiswarya ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Science And Research, Modinagar, Ghaziabad., P.V Nazreen ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Science And Research, Modinagar, Ghaziabad.
Published: November 2022

Purpose: This review aimed to evaluate the application and success rate of zirconia in various fields of dentistry. Materials and Methods: electronic databases were searched for original studies reporting on the application, performance and success rates of various zirconia based prosthesis, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Science direct.The electronic search was accompanied with manual searches of the bibliographies of all retrieved full text articles and reviews as well as hand search of the following journals: International Journal of Prosthodontics, Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society, and Clinical Oral Implants Research.
LOW POWER OPTIMIZATION OF FULL ADDER CIRCUIT BASED ON GDI LOGIC FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors:   MTech Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., R. Manjunath
Published: November 2022

Advanced Electronic Devices have recently become more prevalent, designers have opted for low power, quick speed, and compact designs and processes. Even though there are numerous design methodologies currently in use for VLSI system design optimization, very few design techniques produce solutions that are optimally optimal. GDI-based circuits are becoming increasingly important since they use less space, power, and energy. The GDI technique ensures minimal propagation delay, power, and area in low-power design strategies. For 45nm technology, the Cadence Virtuoso EDA tool is utilised to determine delay and power. The proposed designs examination of delay and power performance at 1.0V voltage produced positive findings. The Gate Diffusion Input concept serves as the foundation for the proposed design in this work. In order to achieve a full voltage swing of the output, a 1-bit full adder circuit design using GDI is demonstrated in this work. The GDI with the Full Swing Technique is presented in this work. Applying the suggested way to a 45nm complete adder from 14 Transistors. It is evident from the obtained simulation results that the suggested design uses the least power and the least amount of delay when compared to other full adder circuits that are already in use. Consequently, compared to previous full adder GDI circuit designs, the output voltage swing is in full and the overall power-delay product is improved by 60 percent.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY TO ESTIMATE WATER FOOTPRINT AND ITS ECONOMIC EFFECTS FOR WHEAT CROP IN EGYPT
Authors:   Water Management and Irrigation systems Research Institute - National Water Research Center., Farag Hassan Ali , Fattouh Abdel-Salam Doaa ,   Agricultural Economics Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center.
Published: November 2022

Wheat is the most important strategic grain crops in Egypt . The average area with wheat in Egypt is about 3.144 million Feddans (2000-2018).Wheat cultivated area comprises about 45.2% of the total area of the winter crops during (2016 ÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚Â“ 2018), which is about 6.953 million Feddans. Under the condition of limited resources in Egypt, Virtual Waters principle considers importing/exporting crops equivalent to importing/exporting water resources from other countries. Available works used farm-scale experimental data, which didnt add-up to applicable values. In this work, we use data by CAPMS (Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics Egypt) to evaluate wheat water footprint in Egypt. The objectives of this work are: to estimate the Overall Water Footprint indicators for the wheat crop, and to estimate the food security coefficient, and the strategic stock for the crop. In addition, to evaluate the relative value of contribution from local wheat production, wheat imports and the Egyptian agricultural investment abroad in achieving food security for wheat crop in Egypt. The total quantity of virtual waters acquired from imports and Egyptian agricultural investment abroad to achieve the complete level of food security coefficient (1.0) for wheat was estimated. It ranges between the lowest value of 2.9 billion Cubic meters, and highest value of 11.7 billion cubic meters, valued about 3.7 billion Egyptian Pounds, at 95% degree of confidence. Based on the above results, this work recommends the following: 1) Supporting the research authorities to develop a new wheat crop which require less quantities of irrigation water. 2) implementation of modern irrigation systems that reduce irrigation water losses in agriculture. And 3) Adopting agricultural policy that balances between the local production, trade and the external agricultural investment together with optimization of the return from the water unit used in the agricultural.
CAVERNOUS HAEMANGIOMA A CASE REPORT
Authors:   MBBS, MS, FICS, FAIS, FMAS, Professor & Head, Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery, Patna Medical., Rayee M.G
Published: November 2022

A Cavrnous Hemangioma is an abnormal tangle of tightly packed thin walled capillaries that are probe to bleeding.
Adsorptive Removal of Copper (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution using Acid and Thermally Activated Iron Oxide Sand
Authors: Libbohole Adwell
Published: November 2022

Heavy metal pollution of water bodies is a common problem in Zambia, whose economy depends on copper mining. Removal of Cu2+ ions from the solution via adsorption using iron oxide ore was investigated. The composition of the adsorbent was determined by XRF and ICP-OES. Iron oxide had predominantly Fe2O3 at 60 % with less than 3% of SiO2 and Al2O3. The Cu2+ ion concentrations were measured before and after adsorption using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The effects of initial concentration, pH, acid activation, and thermal activation of the adsorbent on adsorption were investigated. A decrease in the adsorption of Cu2+ ions with an increase in the initial concentration of adsorbate (Cu2+) was observed. The adsorption of Cu2+ ions on acid-activated Iron oxide compared to thermally activated iron oxide ranged from 83-73%, respectively. Adsorption of Cu2+ ions was pH dependent with an optimum pH of 7. Acid activation of the adsorbent had better absorptivity since acids cause mineral dissolution, which increases the surface area and porosity of the adsorbent. Iron Oxide adsorbents have the potential to the removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Keywords: Adsorption, Copper ions, Heavy metals, Iron oxide, Pollution.
Impact of Training on Virtual Instructional Leadership in Jamaica During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Boswell-Lewis Karla
Published: November 2022

Globally, instructional leadership is critical to the educational reform agenda of schools. The purpose of this study was to ascertain educators’ perceived effectiveness of virtual instructional leadership training on school leadership in Jamaica during the Covid-19 pandemic. It also sought to examine if there are statistically significant differences in the scores of the composite dependent (instructional resource provider; maintain visible presence; professional development; maximize instructional time; monitoring students’ progress; feedback on teaching learning; curriculum implementation) based on school level, capacity in which educators work and gender. The instrument used to collect data for this study was adopted by the researcher. The instrument was converted into a Google Form to make it easier for distribution and data collection. The authors reported that the instrument achieved reliability of Cronbach Alpha amongst the tenets ranging from 0.87-0.80. Overall, the instruments’ reliability statistic is. 95. The data was analyzed using weighted means and MANOVA. The results revealed that the educators rated four dimensions of the instructional leadership scale High, maintaining visible presence; professional development; feedback on teaching learning, and curriculum implementation. In addition, instructional resource provider; maximize instructional time, and monitoring students’ progress were rated moderate. Another finding of this study is that there is no statistically significant difference in the scores of the composite dependent variables based on school level, capacity served, and gender. Another implication of the finding of this research is that principals must ensure that instructional time is maximized by managing and planning for instruction, assessment, and other teacher-student activities while developing strong relationships with teachers and students by rewarding them for achieving targets. Keywords: Covid 19 Pandemic, Curriculum implementation, Feedback on teaching and learning, Instructional resource provider, Maintain visible presence, Maximize instructional time, Monitoring students’ progress, Professional development, Virtual instructional leadership.
Attitudes and Intentions of Health Personnel towards Covid-19 Vaccination in Kaziba Health Zone
Authors: Kweme Frederic Bontango
Published: November 2022

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is a virus of the coronavidae family and of the beta coronavirus group, such as those responsible for SARS and MERS. This Covid-19 is more contagious than SARS and MERS but with a lower death rate. Covid-19 vaccine is a pharmaceutical tool to control the transmission of Covid-19 among the health personnel and the general population. The acceptance of Covid-19 vaccination remains reluctant among the health personnel. The purposes of this study are to determine the intentions and attitudes of health personnel vis-à-vis to Covid-19 vaccination and, to determine the reasons for accepting and refusing Covid-19 vaccination among health personnel in Kaziba Health Zone from 15 to 28 July 2021. Material and methods: our study was descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. A random sampling method was carried out to collect the data through survey questionnaire with 102 health personnel. The data was analyzed with SPSS and Chi-square test was carried out. Results: the intentions and attitudes of the health personnel vis-à-vis to Covid-19 vaccination was (31.4%), and the participants who declared the mandatory Covid-19 vaccination was 31.4%. The health personnel who accepted the covid-19 vaccine were 21.6%, however, those who refused was 45.1%. Conclusion: health personnel do not have acceptable intentions and attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccination. Only nurses and midwives, physicians and healthcare assistance staff were agreeable to Covid-19 vaccination to control the pandemic. Lack of information was the main refusal reason for Covid-19 vaccination. The health personnel were not willingly too mandatory Covid-19 vaccination. Keywords: Attitudes, Covid-19, Health personnel, Intentions, Kaziba, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination.
A obrigatoriedade da inscrição da reserva legal na serventia registral imobiliária: sustentabilidade ambiental e econômica
Authors: Gomes Magno Federici , Santos Marcus Vinícius Pinto
Published: November 2022

A criação do Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR), por meio do Código Florestal de 2012, e a instituição de sua competência para a inscrição da reserva legal foi uma grande inovação no ordenamento jurídico. A partir dela, a averbação na matrícula no ofício imobiliário competente tornou-se uma providência facultativa. Dessa forma, no presente trabalho busca-se analisar, pelo método dedutivo e com utilização de pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial, se tal inovação se apresenta como uma medida salutar capaz de atender às garantias inerentes ao direito de propriedade e produzir efeitos na esfera negocial ou se, ao contrário, revela-se um retrocesso normativo em desarmonia com o sistema de registros públicos de imóveis e, em especial, com o princípio da concentração registral. Por fim, conclui-se que a inscrição se revela como providência necessária e conveniente para segurança jurídica e, portanto, sua dispensa encontra-se em dissonância com o princípio da concentração registral, uma vez que há diversidade de funções de ambos os registros, no sentido de que cada um deles presta-se a um desígnio relevante distinto.
Corrupção: Diagnóstico de Eficiência e Eficácia
Authors: Leme Carolina da Silva , Junqueira Gustavo
Published: November 2022

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a eficácia e a eficiência da instrumentalização do Direito Penal como ferramenta para o combate à corrupção. Partindo de contextualização histórica, demonstramos os impactos do combate à corrupção na economia brasileira, mediante análise dos índices internacionais de confiabilidade – norteadores de investimentos externos – e a correlação entre o aumento no índice de desemprego brasileiro e a deflagração da “Operação Lava Jato”. Na sequência analisaremos como a busca pela retomada da confiança popular encontra no Direito Penal uma instrumentalidade imediatista, culminando em propostas de caráter expansionista. Nesse sentido, são analisadas as “Dez Medidas de Combate à Corrupção” propostas pelo Ministério Público Federal, demonstrando que o uso da ferramenta penal não encontra respaldo em estudos acadêmicos, de forma que sua eficácia e eficiência são questionáveis, além de consistir em evidente ruptura com princípios constitucionais de Direito Penal e processo penal já arraigados em nossa cultura.
A mudança no paradigma antropocêntrico do judiciário brasileiro: análise, à luz da teoria sistêmica de Luhmann, do caso de equiparação dos animais a membros da família
Authors: Sobral Laís Angélica Lima , Teixeira Letícia Oliveira , Sousa Maria Sueli Rodrigues de
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo tem o intuito de analisar o caso brasileiro ocorrido em Tatuí, no Estado de São Paulo, em que foi reconhecida a diminuição de pena do réu ao equiparar sua relação com seus cachorros à relação paternal. Para isso, foi averiguado o tratamento que o ordenamento jurídico reserva aos animais e a influência da visão antropocêntrica na jurisdição brasileira – uma herança tanto histórica quanto religiosa e até mesmo científica. Além disso, diversas pesquisas atuais, que mostram que os animais não humanos têm diversas semelhanças com a espécie humana, auxiliam na defesa de mudanças no Direito que deem mais direitos aos animais e que lhes incluam no rol de sujeitos de direito. Visando o aprofundamento da questão, percebeu-se, ainda, que a teoria sistêmica de Niklas Luhmann explica o resultado final do caso abordado neste estudo, a partir dos conceitos de expectativas sociais e expectativas normativas. A condenação atribuída pelo Tribunal do Júri apenas reforça uma visão que já se consolida na sociedade há um tempo, inclusive com estudos que dão embasamento teórico a essa nova tendência de reconhecimento dos direitos dos animais, além da superação da ideia do homem como centro do mundo e detentor de todo o conhecimento.
Urban Thermal Comfort - Reality and Challenges
Authors: Afelt Aneta , Szymalski Wojciech , Leziak Kamil
Published: November 2022

The city is characterised by a specific climate. Depending on the type of land use, the characteristics of the land cover, such as colour and the permeability of the surface, or the construction materials used in the urban space - there are locally large horizontal and vertical differences in air temperature in the city, defined by the local energy balance of the surface area. The varies are represented by the topoclimatic units. Each of the topoclimatic types can be characterised by a specific sensitivity to the occurrence of high air temperature, which has its direct impact on the parameters of thermal bioregulation of an individual living in the urban space. The analysis of topoclimatic conditions is presented on the example of two towns near Warsaw: Mińsk Mazowiecki and Wołomin. We then demonstrate the relationship between topoclimate and human thermal stress under conditions of high and extremely high air temperature. We present how targeted actions in urban space can shape topoclimates and consequently mitigate the effects of heat waves. These measures are of considerable importance in the context of adaptation to forecast climate change. In our opinion, modelling of human thermal stress should be one of the key parameters in spatial planning, among others, as a part of health risk management.
LC-MS/MS Analytical Method for Determination of Montelukast in Human
Plasma and its Application to a Bioequivalence Study
Authors: Said Rana
Published: November 2022

Background:

This study aimed to develop a sensitive, rapid method based on HPLC-MS/MS
for the quantification of Montelukast in human plasma utilizing Montelukast-D6 as an internal standard.
Montelukast is a leukotriene inhibitor and is used to prevent asthma attacks in adults and children.

Method:

Separation was achieved using Thermo Hypersil GOLD™ Cyano HPLC columns (50 ×
4.6 mm; 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.5 mM ammonium chloride: ACN (20:80%; v/v).

Results:

The method was found to be linear over a concentration range of 10.0 - 600.0 ng/mL
with a correlation coefficient (r2) ≥ 0. 0.9989. The stabilities of Montelukast and internal standard
were assessed in several conditions with recovery results > 85%. The precision results
were less than 4.0%, while the accuracy results were within 93.0 107.0%. The method proved to
be selective with no matrix effect.

Conclusion:

This method was found to be highly reproducible and was utilized successfully for
the analysis of plasma samples following the oral administration of Montelukast (10 mg) in 28
healthy male human volunteers.