bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paleogeographic evolution of the Proto-Nile delta during the Messinian salinity crisis
Authors: Barber P. M.
Published: September 2018

Les influences de la crise de salinité messinienne sur le delta du Nil sont présentées à partir des données détaillées de sondages et des faciès sismiques. Le développement extensif d'un réseau hydrographique sub-aérien est mis en évidence par la présence simultanée de sédiments fluvio-deltaïques arrivant par la vallée surcreusée du proto-Nil. L'interprétation sismique et stratigraphique suggère l'existence de sept événements successifs pendant la période messinienne ; ceci confirme le modèle de bassin profond desséché pour l'origine des évaporites messiniennes dans le bassin méditerranéen.
La plate-forme carbonatée de Gavrovo-Tripolitza (Grèce) : évolution des conditions de sédimentation au cours du Mesozoïque
Authors: Bernier Paul , Fleury Jean-Jacques
Published: September 2018

Les 3 000 m de carbonates de la période Jurassique supérieur (Kimméridgien-Portlandien) -Crétacé terminal du domaine du Gavrovo font l'objet d'une étude qui précise les conditions de leur dépôt. Dans des faciès constamment peu profonds, on distingue :

-une période d'oscillations régulières (milieux subtidaux à supratidaux) pendant le Jurassique supérieur-Crétacé inférieur ;

-une période "régressive" (milieux intertidaux à supratidaux) cénomano-turonienne ;

-une période d'approfondissement (milieu subtidal) turono-sénonienne ;

-une période régressive (fréquents phénomènes de diagenèse à l'émersion et remaniements) accompagnant un dérèglement de l'équilibre subsidence-sédimentation à la fin du Crétacé. Cette dernière période est annonciatrice de la phase tectonique finicrétacée-éotertiaire qui gouverne la sédimentation éocène.

Cette évolution est comparée à celle du domaine adjacent de Tripolitza qui fut le siège d'une subsidence probablement plus faible sous une tranche d'eau un peu plus forte.

La plate-forme carbonatée de Gavrovo-Tripolitza a connu une évolution de type bahamien qui lui confère une étroite parenté avec les "plates-formes carbonatées périadriatiques" avec lesquelles elle constitue un élément important de la plaque d'Apulie.
Chimie des eaux libres des marais salants de Salin-de-Giraud (Sud de la France)
Authors: Landry Jean-Claude , Jaccard Josianne
Published: September 2018

Dans le marais salant de Salin-de-Giraud, les eaux libres (depuis l'eau de mer qui entre dans l'appareil jusqu'au delà des tables salantes) ont été étudiées du point de vue des paramètres suivants : densité, conductivité, pH, système acide carbonique hydrogénocarbonate -carbonate ; teneur en Na+, Cl-, SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, NH4+, NO-3, phosphate et phosphore total ; I-, Br ; sucres totaux déterminés comme fructose ; teneurs en éléments-traces (plomb, fer, etc). Un paragraphe précise les méthodes d'échantillonnage, de conservation des échantillons et d'analyses qui ont été utilisées. En ce qui concerne les dosages, certaines techniques classiques ont dû être adaptées à ces milieux de forte charge saline et de force ionique élevée. L'évolution des concentrations des différents éléments recherchés a été exprimée en fonction de la concentration croissante en potassium, cet ion n'étant impliqué dans aucune des cristallisations qui se produisent au fur et à mesure du cheminement des saumures. Les répercussions de la vie, fort importante dans ces milieux, sur les concentrations de certains éléments et sur leur évolution sont soulignées.
Les Diatomées des saumures des marais salants de Salin-de-Giraud (Sud de la France)
Authors: Noël Denise
Published: September 2018

In this study of Diatoms, brines of the salt works have been examined from sea water at Beauduc pumps to the ultime brines (400 g/1 after halite deposition). Filtrations on millipore filters (or Sartorius membranes) have been used to take stock of Diatoms. 37 taxa have been identified which are illustrated by SEM pictures and for which ecological data from literature are recalled.

From an ecological point of view, the following conclusions can be summarized. 1. Diatoms can thrive up to a salinity of 130 g/1. 2. Marine species found in the sea at the entrance of the salt works disappear as soon as oversalinity increases and do not adjust themselves. 3. There are only Pennales which are epiphytic or benthic forms,' may be because of the shallowness of the pans and the drying of some of them in winter. 4. Most of the Diatoms found in the brines are holoeuryhaline species which can bear salinities over as well as under normal marine salinity. It is worthy to point out that some of these Diatoms are known in Messinian pre-or intra-evaporitic laminites. 5. Diversity is low for the whole salt works and this diversity decreases when salinity increases. There is a tendency for the species to replace each other as the salinity increases and three associations can be mentioned : Cocconeis bardawilensis association (up to 60 g/1) ; Amphora coffeaeformis association (up to 90 g/1) ; Nitzschia sigma association (up to 130 g/1).

From a sedimentological point of view, the data show that the Diatoms play an important role in the cycle of silica both in brines and interstitial waters.
Synthèse bibliographique de la répartition des Céphalopodes dans le Sénonien supérieur d'Aquitaine septentrionale
Authors: Neumann M. , Platel J. P.
Published: September 2018

L'utilisation des macrofaunes citées par les différents auteurs en Aquitaine septentrionale reste difficile étant donné leur localisation souvent ponctuelle et le manque de précisions stratigraphiques concernant les affleurements dans lesquels elles ont été trouvées. Notre propos a donc été de faire une analyse bibliographique approfondie en reprenant toutes les localités dans lesquelles ont été citées ces macrofaunes, d'établir la position stratigraphique des affleurements, comparée à la biozonation établie par P. Andreieff (in P. Andreieff et J.M. Marionnaud, 1973 et in J.P. Platel, 1977) et de proposer ainsi l'extension stratigraphique connue de ces macrofaunes dans le Sénonien supérieur d'Aquitaine.
Essai de synthèse stratigraphique des couches continentales de lafin du Crétacé des Pyrénées Catalanes (N.E. de l'Espagne)
Authors: Masriera A. , Ullastre J.
Published: September 2018

The criterion utilized to fix provisionally the upper limit of Cretaceous in the Pyrenees of Catalonia (Spain) is exposed. Thirteen reference series are exposed in two tables ; one of these shows the series of the western region to Segre, the other shows the series of the Port del Compte-Pedraforca-Cadi région. Three reference series of more eastern region (Ripollès-Empordà) are annexed also. The most remarkable lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic characteristics of the substratum and the roof of series are indicated, and at the margin of stratigraphie levels their main lithological and paleontological data (either new or known) are consigned.
Diagenèse comparée de récifs coralliens actuels et quaternaires de la côte égyptienne de la Mer Rouge
Authors: M'Rabet Ali , Purser Bruce Harold , Soliman M.
Published: September 2018

L'étude sédimentologique et géochimique comparative de récifs coralliens actuels et quaternaires le long de la côte égyptienne de la Mer Rouge a permis de déterminer une séquence diagénétique ayant évoluée rapidement depuis un pôle marin jusqu'à un pôle continental. Les produits diagénétiques identifiés englobent : des ciments marins précoces en aragonite (aciculaire, sphérolitique et en aiguilles, contenant 8930 ppm de Sr en moyenne) et des calcite magnésienne (micritique péloidale, fibro-radiaire et lamellaire, contenant 13,6 à 18,1 mol.% de MgC03 en moyenne), des sédiments internes, des ciments continentaux calcitiques (en scalénoêdres, rhomboédrique et sparitique composite, (3,2 mol.% de MgC03 en moyenne), des traces de dissolution, des calcites néomorphiques, de la dolomite calcique ainsi que des ciments gypseux et siliceux. Parmi ces produits, le ciment micritique péloidal a joué un rôle important dans la lithification sous-marine précoce des récifs. Il résulte d'une précipitation chimique non seulement par nucléation répétée mais aussi par croissance cristalline sur un support organique, bactérien ou biodétritique. D'un autre côté, l'intense dissolution qui a affecté les récifs pléistocènes anciens reflète un épisode humide en rapport avec une sédimentation de cônes alluviaux ; alors que les ciments gypseux marquent un retour à des conditions plus arides.
Interactions bryozoaires-sédiment dans les environnements actuels et fossiles
Authors: Moissette Pierre
Published: September 2018

Parmi les facteurs écologiques qui conditionnent la vie des bryozoaires, la nature du substrat et le taux de sédimentation sont particulièrement importants. Les formes zoariales, ou formes de croissance des colonies, ainsi que le plus ou moins grand développement des assemblages à bryozoaires en dépendent étroitement.

Les bryozoaires agissent à leur tour sur le sédiment en intervenant à titre principal ou accessoire dans divers types de constructions, de concrétions et d'accumulations.
Premières données sur les ostracodes du Permien supérieur continental de l'Estérel (S.E. de la France) : systématique, biostratigraphie, paléoécologie
Authors: Lethiers Francis , Damotte Renée Rivière , Sanfourche J.
Published: September 2018

Dans l'Esterel, quelques affleurements calcaires, appartenant au sommet de la Formation des Pradineaux et classiquement rattachés au Thuringien contiennent une petite faune d'ostracodes. Une systématique détaillée des trois espèces : Iniella kuznetskiensis (Spiz-Harsky, 1937), Paleodarwinula alexandrinae (Belousova, 1956) et Paleodarwinula acervalis (Mandelstam, 1956) est présentée. Les répartitions stratigraphiques connues de ces espèces en Russie donnent un âge Tatarien basai qui correspond à un Midien inférieur de l'échelle marine téthysienne (Permien supérieur). Cette précision biostratigraphique et la corrélation continental-marin sont une première dans le Permien de l'Esterel. L'association d'ostracodes vivait dans un petit lac permanent oligohalin de profondeur inférieure à 10 m et dans des salinités de type oligohalin. Des variations physico-chimiques saisonnières du milieu lacustre sont décelées, à partir des variations intraspécifiques et de la faible diversité spécifique. Le climat correspondait probablement à celui d'une zone subtropicale avec une alternance de saisons sèches et de saisons à vents pluvieux et ouragans humides nécessaires à la dissémination de ces espèces sur de longues distances. Cette reconstitution climatique est conforme à celle donnée antérieurement à partir des analyses sédimentologiques.
The application of a Late Burdigalian -Early Langhian Highstand Event in correlating complex Tertiary orogenic carbonate successions within the Central Mediterranean
Authors: Grasso M. , Pedley Martyn , Maniscalco R.
Published: September 2018

Utilisation d'un Haut-Niveau Marin du Burdigalien supérieur-Langhien inférieur pour correler des successions carbonatées cenozoïques en contexte orogénique, en Méditerranée centrale.

Les rampes carbonatées tertiaires du SE de la Sicile contiennent un remarquable niveau durci, phosphaté, dans les rampes externes autour des villes de Donnalucata et Sampieri. Dans les autres secteurs les phosphorites apparaissent seulement en grains allochtones associées latéralement à des packstones et des grainstones à stratifications obliques et structures de tempêtes. Les phosphorites sont contenues dans un ensemble tabulaire de wackestones de milieu pélagique. Le banc situé au dessous est daté du Burdigalien terminal alors que le banc du dessus contient un assemblage de Foraminifères planctoniques du Burdigalien terminal-Langhien inférieur. Cet exemple d'événement eustatique et bien d'autres marqués sur le plateau ibléen par des onlaps illustrent un signal eustatique global tant en mer profonde qu'en domaine littoral de plate-forme stable. A une plus grande échelle, les événements eustatiques, peuvent influencer la sédimentation marine même dans les légions à tectonique active. C'est le cas des calcarénites de Floresta dans les Monts Péloritains au NE de la Sicile. Le même événement eustatique est également reconnu dans le Sud des Apennines sur la bordure calabro-lucanienne et dans le Nord des Apennines. Nous interprétons tous ces événements en terme de offlap-onlap en relation avec l'événement eustatique mondial TE 2.3 (HAQ et al., 1987 ; HAQ 1991) nouvellement reconnu en Méditerranée. La reconnaissance de cet événement offlap-onlap un peu partout en Méditerranée en fait un outil performant non seulement pour la compréhension lithostratigraphique des régions à tectonique complexe mais aussi pour le calibrage des événements tectoniques.
Les séries du Dogger moyen du Haut Adas au Nord d'Errachidia (Maroc) : lithostratigraphie et sédimentologie d'une nouvelle formation : la formation Tazigzaout
Authors: Ait Addi A.
Published: September 2018

L'étude stratigraphique et sédimentologique des faciès du Dogger moyen du Haut Atlas marocain au Nord d'Errachidia permet d'individualiser une nouvelle formation nommée formation Tazigzaout. Ses équivalents, dans le Haut Atlas central, sont les formations Bin el Ouidane 2 et 3, Ait Abdi 2 et Assoul 1. Une révision des corrélations stratigraphiques (locales et régionales) en relation avec l'évolution géodynamique du bassin s'avérait nécessaire.

Dans le domaine distal septentrional de notre zone d'étude, la formation Tazigzaout attribuée au Bajocien-Bathonien pp., est bien individualisée et empli le synclinal de Tazigzaout formant l'axe du grand synclinal perché du jebel Boukendil formé par les termes sommitaux de la formation Agoudim sous-jacente. Chacune de ces deux formations montre une évolution de type "shallowing-upward" et apparaît coiffée par des barres carbonatées à monticules bioconstruits. Leurs équivalents latéraux en domaine de plate-forme sud sont très délicats à déterminer. Toutefois, sur la base de données sédimentologiques et paléontologiques nous avons pu distinguer ces deux formations et établir de proche en proche des corrélations entre les faciès qui les composent.
The Effect of Coculture with Nonparenchymal Cells on Porcine Hepatocyte Function
Authors: Gregory Paul G. , Connolly Christopher K. , Gillis Bryan E. , Sullivan Susan J.
Published: September 2018

Porcine hepatocytes are currently being investigated as a therapy for patients suffering from acute liver failure. Incorporating hepatocytes in an extracorporeal device that would stabilize a patient until transplantation or recovery could dramatically decrease the mortality rate associated with this disease. The ability to maximize hepatocyte function would contribute significantly to being able to provide the required cell mass in a device of reasonable size. Several approaches have been effective at increasing rat hepatocyte function in vitro, including coculture with nonparenchymal cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of the addition of 3T3 cells to porcine hepatocyte culture and found that while there was an increase in albumin secretion, there was little or no effect on urea synthesis or cytochrome P450 activity.
Co-Grafts of Fetal Ventral Mesencephalon and Fibroblasts Expressing Sonic Hedgehog: Effect on Survival and Function of Dopamine Grafts
Authors: Yurek David M. , Fletcher-Turner Anita , Moore Jennifer , Chai Ling , Mahanthappa Nagesh
Published: September 2018

Fibroblasts derived from the Rat2 parental cell line were genetically modified to express the cell-associated form of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and then co-grafted along with E14 fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM) tissue into the denervated striatum of F344 rats; fetal VM grafts alone or co-grafts using the nonexpressing Rat2 fibroblasts served as controls. Seven weeks after grafting, co-grafts of fetal VM and fibroblasts expressing Shh (Rat2/Shh) contained significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) neurons than either the fetal VM grafts or co-grafts of fetal VM plus nonexpressing fibroblasts (Rat2). Despite a significantly higher yield of grafted TH+ neurons in the fetal VM + Rat2/Shh co-grafts than in either of the other two control groups, amphetamine-induced rotational behavior scores were not significantly different between any of the three treatment groups. The number of TH+ neurons in the Rat2 (nonexpressing) co-grafts was significantly lower than the other two treatment groups. The results from this study suggest that fibroblasts expressing Shh may improve the number of co-grafted dopamine neurons, but do not improve the functional capacity of the graft in terms of improving amphetamine-induced rotational behavior.
Article Commentary: Cell Transplantation for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Emerich D. F.
Published: September 2018

Hype slang. n. 1. Excessive publicity and the ensuing commotion. 2. Exaggerated or extravagant claims made especially in advertising or promotional material. (Source: The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, third edition)
Medium-sized Satellites of Large Kuiper Belt Objects
Authors: Brown Michael E. , Butler Bryan J.
Published: September 2018

While satellites of mid- to small-Kuiper Belt objects tend to be similar in size and brightness to their primaries, the largest Kuiper Belt objects preferentially have satellites with small fractional brightness. In the two cases where the sizes and albedos of the small faint satellites have been measured, these satellites are seen to be small icy fragments consistent with collisional formation. Here, we examine Dysnomia and Vanth, the satellites of Eris and Orcus, respectively. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, we obtain the first spatially resolved observations of these systems at thermal wavelengths. Vanth is easily seen in individual images, and we find a 3.5σ detection of Dysnomia by stacking all of the data on the known position of the satellite. We calculate a diameter for Dysnomia of 700 ± 115 km and for Vanth of 475 ± 75 km, with albedos of

and 0.08 ± 0.02, respectively. Both Dysnomia and Vanth are indistinguishable from typical Kuiper Belt objects of their size. Potential implications for the formation of these types of satellites are discussed.
The Location and Environments of Neutron Star Mergers in an Evolving Universe
Authors: Wiggins Brandon K. , Fryer Christopher L. , Smidt Joseph M. , Hartmann Dieter , Lloyd-Ronning Nicole , Belcynski Chris
Published: September 2018

The simultaneous detection of gravitational and electromagnetic waves from a binary neutron star merger has both solidified the link between neutron star mergers and short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and demonstrated the ability of astronomers to follow-up the gravitational wave detection to place constraints on the ejecta from these mergers, as well as the nature of the GRB engine and its surroundings. As the sensitivity of aLIGO and VIRGO increases, it is likely that a growing number of such detections will occur in the next few years, leading to a sufficiently large number of events to constrain the populations of these GRB events. While long-duration GRBs originate from massive stars and thus are located near their stellar nurseries, binary neutron stars may merge on much longer timescales, and thus may have had time to migrate appreciably. The strength and character of the electromagnetic afterglow emission of binary neutron star mergers is a sensitive function of the circum-merger environment. Though the explosion sites of short GRBs have been explored in the literature, the question has yet to be fully addressed in its cosmological context. We present cosmological simulations following the evolution of a galaxy cluster, including star formation combined with binary population synthesis models, to self-consistently track the locations and environmental gas densities of compact binary merger sites throughout the cosmic web. We present probability distributions for densities as a function of redshift and discuss model sensitivity to population synthesis model assumptions.
Probing Star Formation in Galaxies at z ≈ 1 via a Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Stacking Analysis
Authors: Bera Apurba , Kanekar Nissim , Weiner Benjamin J. , Sethi Shiv , Dwarakanath K. S.
Published: September 2018

We report deep Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) 610 MHz continuum imaging of four subfields of the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey. We stacked the radio emission in the GMRT images from a near-complete (absolute blue magnitude M
B ≤ −21) sample of 3698 blue star-forming galaxies with redshifts 0.7 ≲ z ≲ 1.45 to detect (at ≈17σ significance) the median rest-frame 1.4 GHz radio continuum emission of the sample galaxies. The stacked emission is unresolved, with a rest-frame 1.4 GHz luminosity of L
1.4GHz = (4.13 ± 0.24) × 1022 W Hz−1. We used the local relation between total star formation rate (SFR) and 1.4 GHz luminosity to infer a median total SFR of (24.4 ± 1.4) M
⊙ yr−1 for blue star-forming galaxies with M
B ≤ −21 at 0.7 ≲ z ≲ 1.45. We detect the main-sequence relation between SFR and stellar mass, M
⋆, obtaining SFR = (13.4 ± 1.8) × [(M
⋆/1010
M
⊙)]0.73±0.09
M
⊙ yr−1; the power-law index shows no change over z ≈ 0.7–1.45. We find that the nebular line emission suffers less extinction than the stellar continuum, contrary to the situation in the local universe; the ratio of nebular extinction to stellar extinction increases with decreasing redshift. We obtain an upper limit of 0.87 Gyr to the atomic gas depletion time of a subsample of DEEP2 galaxies at z ≈ 1.3; neutral atomic gas thus appears to be a transient phase in high-z star-forming galaxies.
The Hard State of the Highly Absorbed High Inclination Black Hole Binary Candidate Swift J1658.2–4242 Observed by NuSTAR and Swift
Authors: Xu Yanjun , Harrison Fiona A. , Kennea Jamie A. , Walton Dominic J. , Tomsick John A. , Miller Jon M. , Barret Didier , Fabian Andrew C. , Forster Karl , Fürst Felix , Gandhi Poshak , García Javier A.
Published: September 2018

We present a spectral and timing analysis of the newly reported Galactic X-ray transient Swift J1658.2–4242 observed by Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and Swift. The broadband X-ray continuum is typical of a black hole binary in the bright hard state, with a photon index of Γ = 1.63 ±  0.02 and a low coronal temperature of kT
e = 22 ± 1 keV, corresponding to a low spectral cutoff well constrained by NuSTAR. Spectral modeling of the relativistic disk reflection features, consisting of a broad Fe Kα line and the Compton reflection hump, reveals that the black hole is rapidly spinning with the spin parameter of a* > 0.96, and the inner accretion disk is viewed at a high inclination angle of

(statistical errors, 90% confidence). The high inclination is independently confirmed by dips in the light curves, which can be explained by absorbing material located near the disk plane temporarily obscuring the central region. In addition, we detect an absorption line in the NuSTAR spectra centered at

keV. If associated with ionized Fe K absorption lines, this provides evidence for the presence of outflowing material in the low/hard state of a black hole binary candidate. A timing analysis shows the presence of a type-C quasi-periodic oscillation in the power spectrum, with the frequency increasing from ∼0.14 to ∼0.21 Hz during the single NuSTAR exposure. Our analysis reveals that Swift J1658.2–4242 displays characteristics typical for a black hole binary that is viewed at a high inclination angle, making it a good system for studying the accretion geometry in black hole binaries.
Dark Structures in Sunspot Light Bridges
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Tian Hui , Solanki Sami K. , Wang Haimin , Peter Hardi , Ahn Kwangsu , Xu Yan , Zhu Yingjie , Cao Wenda , He Jiansen , Wang Linghua
Published: September 2018

We present unprecedented high-resolution TiO images and Fe i 1565 nm spectropolarimetric data of two light bridges taken by the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory. In the first light bridge (LB1), we find striking knot-like dark structures within the central dark lane. Many dark knots show migration away from the penumbra along the light bridge. The sizes, intensity depressions, and apparent speeds of their proper motion along the light bridges of 33 dark knots identified from the TiO images are mainly in the ranges of 80 ∼ 200 km, 30% ∼ 50%, and 0.3 ∼ 1.2 km s−1, respectively. In the second light bridge (LB2), a faint central dark lane and striking transverse intergranular lanes were observed. These intergranular lanes have sizes and intensity depressions comparable to those of the dark knots in LB1 and also migrate away from the penumbra at similar speeds. Our observations reveal that LB2 is made up of a chain of evolving convection cells, as indicated by patches of blueshift surrounded by narrow lanes of redshift. The central dark lane generally corresponds to blueshifts, supporting the previous suggestion of central dark lanes being the top parts of convection upflows. In contrast, the intergranular lanes are associated with redshifts and located at two sides of each convection cell. The magnetic fields are stronger in intergranular lanes than in the central dark lane. These results suggest that these intergranular lanes are manifestations of convergent convective downflows in the light bridge. We also provide evidence that the dark knots observed in LB1 may have a similar origin.
Substance use Patterns and HIV-1 RNA Viral Load Rebound among HIV-Positive Illicit Drug users in a Canadian Setting
Authors: Ladak Farah , Socias Eugenia , Nolan Seonaid , Dong Huiru , Kerr Thomas , Wood Evan , Montaner Julio , Milloy M-J
Published: September 2018

Background

Active illicit drug use can present a barrier to the medical management of HIV infection by complicating adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) rebound, defined as a period of detectable HIV VL following ART and VL suppression, can lead to the generation of viral resistance and potential treatment failure. We sought to investigate the contribution of substance use patterns on rates of VL rebound.

Methods

We used data from the ACCESS study, a long-running community-recruited prospective cohort of HIV-positive people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada, a setting of universal no-cost HIV treatment. We analysed time to VL rebound (that is, two consecutive observations ≥1,000 copies/ml) after ART initiation and sustained viral suppression (that is, two consecutive observations <50 copies/ml) using extended Cox regression models with a recurrent events framework.

Results

Between May 1996 and November 2013, 564 ART-exposed participants achieved at least one instance of VL suppression and contributed 1,893.8 person-years of observation. Over follow-up, 198 (35.1%) participants experienced ≥ one instance of VL rebound. In adjusted analyses, VL rebound was associated with younger age (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] =0.97, 95% CI: 0.95, 0.98), heroin injection (≥ daily versus < daily, AHR =1.52, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.30), crack use (≥ daily versus < daily, AHR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.92) and heavy alcohol use (≥ four versus < four drinks/day, AHR =1.97, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.31).

Conclusions

The present study suggests that in addition to heavy alcohol use, high-intensity illicit drug use, particularly ≥ daily heroin injection and ≥ daily crack smoking are risk factors for VL rebound. In addition to the impact of high-intensity drug use on health-care engagement and ART adherence, some evidence exists on the direct impact of psychoactive substances on ART metabolism and the natural progression of HIV disease. At-risk individuals should be provided additional supports to preserve virological control and maintain the benefits of ART.
Redescription of the dasydytid gastrotrich Haltidytes ooëides (Brunson, 1950) based on type material
Authors: Minowa Axell K. , Garraffoni André R. S.
Published: September 2018

The semi-pelagic gastrotrich species Haltidytesooëides (Brunson, 1950) is redescribed based on original type material deposited at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Herein we present a new diagnosis and figures of the species, detailing the insertion position of the lateral spines, misinterpreted in the original description. Furthermore, we reassess the taxonomic key for the genus Haltidytes Remane, 1936 based on our new findings.
Persistent Disease Activity Remains a Burden for Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Peschken Christine A. , Wang Yishu , Abrahamowicz Michal , Pope Janet , Silverman Earl , Sayani Amyn , Iczkovitz Sandra , Ross Jorge , Zummer Michel , Tucker Lori , Pineau Christian , Levy Deborah , Hudson Marie , Hitchon Carol A. , Huber Adam M. , Smith C. Douglas , Avina-Zubieta Antonio , Arbillaga Hector , Chédeville Gaëlle , Wynant Willy , Fortin Paul R. ,   on behalf of CaNIOS 1000 Faces Investigators
Published: September 2018

Objective.

Persistent systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In a multicenter cohort of patients with prevalent SLE, we described persistence, patterns, and predictors of change in disease activity over time.

Methods.

Based on SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)-2K scores at cohort entry, patients were classified into 4 groups: low (score < 4; LOW), moderate (4 to < 6; MOD), moderately high (6 to ≤ 10; MHIGH), and very high (> 10; VHIGH). Multivariable linear and longitudinal mixed linear regression models were used to identify predictors of change over time in SLEDAI-2K.

Results.

There were 2019 participants, with declining followup data over 5 years (1326, 580, 274, 186, and 148 patients, respectively). At cohort entry, mean (± SD) age was 42 (± 17) years, disease duration 11 (± 10) years, and 90% were female. The 4 groups included 44% LOW (n = 891), 20% MOD (n = 400), 22% MHIGH (n = 442), and 14% VHIGH (n = 286); therefore, 36% had clinically important SLE activity. The proportion of patients in the LOW group at entry who moved to a higher activity level varied from 30% (167/557) at 1 year, to 49% (41/83) at 3 years, and 54% (30/56) at 5 years. Among 181 patients with MOD to VHIGH entry activity and 3 years of followup, 116 (64.1%) remained active. In all analyses, only higher SLEDAI-2K at cohort entry remained a significant predictor of higher SLEDAI-2K in subsequent years.

Conclusion.

Higher SLEDAI-2K at study entry was the single major independent predictor of higher SLEDAI-2K over time, reflecting frequent persistence of active disease, even in patients with longstanding disease. This highlights gaps in the optimal treatment of SLE.
Presence of Autoantibodies in Erosive Hand Osteoarthritis and Association with Clinical Presentation
Authors: van Delft Myrthe Alexandra Maria , van Beest Sjoerd , Kloppenburg Margreet , Trouw Leendert Adrianus , Ioan-Facsinay Andreea
Published: September 2018

Objective.

To investigate whether 3 rheumatoid arthritis–associated antibodies [rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) or anticarbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies] are present in hand osteoarthritis (HOA) and associate with erosive OA (EOA).

Methods.

Anti-CarP IgG was measured by ELISA in baseline sera of patients with HOA from 3 cohorts: HOSTAS (n = 510, 27.2% EOA), ECHO (n = 47), and EHOA (n = 23), and in sera of healthy controls (HC; n = 196, mean age 44.1 yrs, 51.0% women). Moreover, ACPA-IgG and RF-IgM were additionally determined in HOSTAS and HC. The prevalence of autoantibodies was compared between HOA and HC and between erosive and nonerosive HOA. In HOSTAS, hand radiographs were scored (Kellgren-Lawrence, Osteoarthritis Research Society International osteophyte and joint space narrowing) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, representing inflammation, were assessed. Groups were compared using nonparametric tests.

Results.

The prevalence of anti-CarP was low and not significantly different between the total HOA group and HC (6.6% vs 3.6%, p = 0.12). In HOSTAS, the prevalence of all tested autoantibodies was low (anti-CarP 7.1%, ACPA 0.8%, RF 6.1%), and there were no significant differences observed between HOA patients and HC or between erosive and nonerosive HOA. Further, radiographic damage and CRP levels were similar in anti-CarP+ and anti-CarP–, and RF+ and RF− HOSTAS patients.

Conclusion.

The prevalence of autoantibodies is similar in HOA patients and HC, and these autoantibodies are not associated with erosive disease, structural damage, or inflammation in patients with HOA, indicating that another mechanism is driving erosive disease.
What Should Be the Primary Target of “Treat to Target” in Psoriatic Arthritis?
Authors: Coates Laura C. , Lubrano Ennio , Perrotta Fabio Massimo , Emery Paul , Conaghan Philip G. , Helliwell Philip S.
Published: September 2018

Objective.

Recommendations regarding “treat to target” in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have stated that the target should be remission or inactive disease. Potential definitions include very low disease activity (VLDA), PsA Disease Activity Score (PASDAS) near remission, Disease Activity Index for PsA (DAPSA) or clinical DAPSA (cDAPSA) remission. Our aim was to investigate the proportion of patients who fulfill these definitions and how much residual active disease remained.

Methods.

This analysis used 2 datasets: first, trial data from the Tight Control of PsA (TICOPA) study, which included 206 patients with recent-onset (< 2 yrs) PsA receiving standard and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD); and second, an observational clinical dataset from Italy of patients receiving biological DMARD. Proportions achieving each of the 4 potential targets were calculated in each dataset and comparisons between treatment groups were performed in the TICOPA dataset. Levels of residual disease were established for key clinical domains of PsA.

Results.

All measures could differentiate the TICOPA trial treatment groups (p < 0.03). Lower proportions of patients fulfilled the VLDA criteria compared to DAPSA or cDAPSA remission. PASDAS results were different between the cohorts. Residual active disease was low across all definitions although higher levels were seen in DAPSA and cDAPSA compared to VLDA, particularly for psoriasis. In all measures, the proportion with elevated C-reactive protein was similar and low.

Conclusion.

VLDA appears the most stringent measure. It ensures that significant active arthritis, enthesitis, and psoriasis are not present, in contrast with DAPSA and PASDAS, in which composite scores can “hide” active disease in some domains.
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and Microcalorimetry in Synovial Fluid: Can Pathogen-based Detection Assays Improve the Diagnosis of Septic Arthritis?
Authors: Morgenstern Christian , Renz Nora , Cabric Sabrina , Perka Carsten , Trampuz Andrej
Published: September 2018

Objective.

To prospectively evaluate automated multiplex PCR and isothermal microcalorimetry tests for rapid and accurate diagnosis of septic arthritis.

Methods.

Patients with acute arthritis were prospectively included from October 2014 to September 2015. In synovial fluid (SF), leukocyte count and differential, culture, PCR, and microcalorimetry were determined. Septic arthritis was diagnosed by positive SF culture or (1) local clinical signs and symptoms, (2) increased SF leukocyte count, and (3) exclusion of noninfectious causes of inflammatory arthropathy. The performance of individual tests was compared with McNemar’s test.

Results.

Among 57 patients, 22 (39%) were diagnosed with septic arthritis. SF culture grew a pathogen in 10 patients (46%), PCR was positive in 5 (23%), and microcalorimetry in 10 (46%). Compared to SF culture, 49 concordant pairs were found for both methods (PCR and microcalorimetry; 86% agreement). In SF, PCR failed to detect Staphylococcus aureus (2 patients), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1 patient), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1 patient), and Clostridium clostridioforme (1 patient). Microcalorimetry failed to detect S. dysgalactiae (1 patient), Streptococcus agalactiae (1 patient), and C. clostridioforme (1 patient). No statistical differences between the performance of SF culture, and PCR and microcalorimetry, respectively, were found. The processing time for PCR was 5 h and for microcalorimetry a median of 8.8 h (range, 2.3–64 h), whereas cultures required a median of 4.5 days (range, 3–14 days).

Conclusion.

Performance of SF PCR was inferior while microcalorimetry was similar to culture but provided results considerably faster. [Clinical trial registration number (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov): NCT02530229]
Violencia extrema y delito en el marco de la campaña de represión clandestina en Argentina (1976–1983)
Authors: Ranalletti Mario
Published: September 2018

Dans cet article, nous étudions certains aspects des « escadrons de la mort » argentins (organisation interne ; modus operandi) pendant la dernière dictature militaire (1976–1983). Nous essayons de montrer le lien entre le recours à la violence extrême par ces escadrons, la commission des délits de droit commun (vol, fraude économique, extorsion) et l’endoctrinement reçu préalablement par les membres des escadrons. L’étude de ces questions est faite à partir d’une approche interdisciplinaire (histoire, anthropologie, psychologie). L’hypothèse est la suivante : l’endoctrinement a permis aux escadrons d’employer la violence extrême et a banalisé les crimes de droit commun, en construisant une altérité négative (les opposants, les guérillas) dont la destruction apporterai la paix au pays. La méthodologie est qualitative et comparative. Les sources utilisées dans la recherche sont des témoignages de victimes et des membres des escadrons. Le cadre théorique est construit à partir de la recherche et les réflexions de Jacques Sémelin et d’Albert Bandura sur l’utilisation de la violence extrême par les forces militaires et de la Police. Ce travail est l’un des résultats du projet de recherche « Penser la répression en Argentine », financé par l’Université Nationale « Trois Février, et dirigée par l’auteur.
La difícil adecuación de las tesis de George L. Mosse a la contienda y posguerra civil española, 1936-1945.
Authors: Castiñeira Francisco J. Leira
Published: September 2018

Cet article analyse jusqu’à quel point il est difficile d’appliquer les thèses de George L. Mosse au cas de la guerre civile espagnole. Pour cela, il prend en compte des éléments tels que la diversité des expériences personnelles des soldats avant, pendant et après le conflit. Il ne s’agit pas de critiquer les thèses de Mosse, mais d’approfondir la réflexion sur l’une des théories qui a orienté l’histoire militaires au cours de ces deux dernières décennies. Cet article propose donc de dépasser l’approche culturelle de la guerre en prenant en compte des questions d’ordre social et politique. Ce sont des propositions de travail, d’où le fait que cet article ressemble parfois à un essai de type historique.
A Framework for Effective Online Professional Development
Authors: Rock Heidi Marie
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents a research-based framework for effective online professional development for in-service teachers. Changes in technology allow teachers to engage in different forms of professional development delivery, including online. In order to affect a change in teacher classroom behaviors, online professional development needs to be on par with effective face-to-face professional development. This study uses archival data from the Ohio Performance Assessment Pilot Project in which teachers engaged in either face-to-face or online professional development that was aligned to six characteristics of effective professional development (workshops, outside experts, time, duration, activities, and content). The results of this study found there is no statistically significant difference in student learning outcomes when teachers engaged in comparably designed face-to-face or online professional development. This framework serves as a guide for institutions of higher education as they continue to design and implement professional development through coursework and training.
Selective Cooperative Jamming Based Relay Selection and Blowfish Encryption for Enhancing Channel and Data Security in CRAHN Routing
Authors: Abdullah Hesham Mohammed Ali , Kumar A.V. Senthil
Published: September 2018

The problems of security and secret communication for the secondary users in the cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs) have been extensively researched. Most routing protocols in CRAHNs, though providing efficient routing, do not produce satisfactory secrecy rate and security. One such model is spectrum-map-empowered opportunistic routing (SMOR) which has been the motivation behind this research contribution. A better and secured routing algorithm is developed in this chapter by modifying and enhancing the SMOR model. As the relay selection enables the secrecy in communication between the users, selective cooperative jamming (SCJ) based relay selection is utilized in the proposed model. This approach generates weighted jamming signals in selected relays to create high interference in the communication direction other than the legal users and confuses the eavesdroppers. For secured data transmission, data encryption processes are carried out using a blowfish encryption algorithm. This further strengthens the security in communication between users on the same frequency and also helps in avoiding the eavesdropping attacks. The performance of this proposed model named as SCJ with Blowfish Modified SMOR (SCJB-M-SMOR) has been evaluated and the comparison results showed it has better secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability.
A Survey on Chaos Based Encryption Technique
Authors: Anandkumar R  , Kalpana R.
Published: September 2018

Information security is an important field among the pervasive use of applications namely internet banking, mobile services, emails, viz., chaos-based encryption techniques play an important role in many security processes, namely: military systems, robotics, and other real time computing services. The secure transmission of audio, image and video are processed with unique characteristic of a third-party which makes the encryption and decryption highly secure for the users. In this chapter, a detailed survey on the various chaos-based encryption techniques is discussed and analyzed.
Foreign Language Acquisition, Bilingualism, and Biculturalism
Authors: Szymanski Mike , Kalra Komal
Published: September 2018

Biculturals (i.e., individuals who have experienced and internalized more than one culture) are recognized as a growing demographic, and as such will become important stakeholders in organizations. An emerging stream of research from psychology and organizational studies indicates that bicultural individuals have a particular set of cognitive skills and competencies that can contribute to the performance of international teams. However, research on biculturals in organizations is facing conceptual and methodological limits due to the complex nature of the construct of culture. While the constructs of culture and language are distinct, they are undoubtedly interwoven; hence, the latter may become a tool to analyze the phenomenon of biculturalism. In this chapter, the authors analyze the literature on social identity, foreign language acquisition, and bilingualism to find potential solutions for these critical challenges.
Multimodal Narrative Texts, Creativity, and English Teaching as a Foreign Language
Authors: Bañares-Marivela Elena , Rayón-Rumayor Laura
Published: September 2018

The chapter explores a methodological approach where creativity is encouraged through the production of multimodal iPad-mediated narrative texts in the English as a foreign language classroom (EFL) in secondary education. The study, which is based on creativity of human language, evaluates the multimodal productions of a group of students of secondary education (Year 7) in Spain, who work with iPads (1:1 context) within a cooperative learning approach, and analyzes this learning experience from the students' point of view. The results show the impact multimodality has on the own students and on their way of working with the foreign language. The quality of their productions, not only regarding language but also as an act of creation, and the way they appropriate the different semiotic modes multimodality offers will also be examined. Finally, the authors suggest some guidelines to encourage multimodal production and creativity in the EFL secondary classroom and show examples which would help teachers and researchers to develop new didactic proposals at this stage.
Improving Recommendation Accuracy and Diversity via Multiple Social Factors and Social Circles
Authors: Feng Yong , Li Heng , Chen Zhuo , Qiang Baohua
Published: September 2018

Recommender systems have been widely employed to suggest personalized online information to simplify users' information discovery process. With the popularity of online social networks, analysis and mining of social factors and social circles have been utilized to support more effective recommendations, but have not been fully investigated. In this chapter, the authors propose a novel recommendation model with the consideration of more comprehensive social factors and topics. To further enhance recommendation accuracy, four social factors are simultaneously injected into the recommendation model based on probabilistic matrix factorization. Meanwhile, the authors explore several new methods to measure these social factors. Moreover, they infer explicit and implicit social circles to enhance the performance of recommendation diversity. Finally, the authors conduct a series of experiments on publicly available data. Experimental results show the proposed model achieves significantly improved performance over the existing models in which social information have not been fully considered.
Cloud Computing
Authors: Correia Eduardo
Published: September 2018

Cloud computing makes use of many standard technologies in surprisingly novel ways. It leaves many people bewildered, even confused, especially as it is an area of computing that is undergoing rapid change in terms of a diversification of available services and the growth in underlying contingent technologies. This chapter shows how the cloud has changed the user experience and goes on to discuss the definition of cloud computing most commonly used. It describes the three service models of infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS) and then discusses the four deployment models of private cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud, and community cloud. It concludes with how the cloud impacts security and how most organizations will likely make use of multiple cloud providers. This chapter introduces key concepts and characteristics of cloud computing, in this way covering in broad terms what it is and how it essentially works.
Cloud Governance at the Local Communities
Authors: Yfantis Vasileios
Published: September 2018

This chapter conceptualizes the plan of an autonomous community to cover the information technology needs by adopting cloud computing on a community level. Community cloud computing is a solution with many advantages that can help the community to cover sufficiently their technology needs or even generate income by renting virtual resources. This is a theoretical approach that can be used as a conceptual tool for small municipalities or other communities that intend to extend their technological and political autonomy.
Advanced Recommender Systems
Authors: Park Young
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents a brief and systematic overview of four major advanced recommender systems: group recommender systems, context-aware recommender systems, multi-criteria recommender systems, and cross-domain recommender systems. These advanced recommendations are characterized and compared in a unifying model as extensions of basic recommender systems. Future research topics and directions in the area of advanced personalized recommendations are discussed. Advanced recommender technologies will continue to advance.