bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic and Temporal Geochemical Changes in the Upper Deccan Lavas: Implications for the Magma Plumbing System of Flood Basalt Provinces
Authors: Hoyer P. A. , Haase K. M. , Regelous M. , Fluteau F.
Published: February 2023

Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) are unusual volcanic events in which massive amounts of melt (∼106 km3) erupt in relatively short time periods (<106 years). Most LIP magmas have undergone extensive fractional crystallization and crustal contamination, but the crustal magmatic plumbing systems and the processes triggering eruptions are poorly understood. We present new major and trace element and radiogenic isotope data for 43 individual lava flows from a continuous 1,200 m thick stratigraphic profile through the upper, most voluminous part of the Deccan LIP (Bushe to Mahabaleshwar Formations). Eruption rates for this section are constrained by published paleomagnetic directions and absolute U‐Pb ages for zircons from weathered flow tops exposed in the profile. We find four magmatic sequences each lasting ∼104–∼105 years during which major and trace element compositions change systematically, followed by an abrupt change in geochemistry at the start of a new sequence. Within each sequence, the MgO content and proportion of crustal contamination decrease progressively, indicating a continuous replenishment of the associated magma reservoirs with less contaminated but more evolved melts. These geochemical signatures are best explained by repeated episodes of melt recharge, mixing, and eruption of variably evolved magmas originating from relatively small magma reservoir located in different crustal levels.
Long‐Term Prediction of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings With Geomagnetic and Solar Activity
Authors: Vokhmyanin Mikhail , Asikainen Timo , Salminen Antti , Mursula Kalevi
Published: February 2023

The polar vortex is a strong jet of westerly wind which forms each winter around the polar stratosphere. Sometimes, roughly every other winter, the polar vortex in the Northern Hemisphere experiences a dramatic breakdown and associated warming of the polar stratosphere. Such events are called sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) and they are known to have a significant influence on ground weather in Northern Eurasia and large parts of North America. Typically, these events are thought to occur due to planetary waves propagating to the stratosphere where they may disrupt the vortex. Here, we show that the SSW probability depends significantly on a favorable combination of geomagnetic and solar activity and the phase of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO). Using logistic regression models, we find that more SSWs occur when early‐winter geomagnetic activity (aa index) is low and QBO winds are easterly and when solar activity (F10.7 index) is high and QBO winds are westerly. We then examine the possibility of using these results to predict the occurrence probability of SSWs with several months lead time and evaluate the optimal lead times for all variables using cross‐validation methods. As a result, we find that the SSW probability can be predicted rather well and we can issue a probabilistic SSW prediction for the coming winter season with a success ratio of about 86% already in the preceding August. The results presented here are an important step toward improving the seasonal predictability of wintertime weather using information about solar and geomagnetic activity.
Carbon Dioxide Retrievals From NOMAD‐SO on ESA's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter and Temperature Profile Retrievals With the Hydrostatic Equilibrium Equation: 2. Temperature Variabilities in the Mesosphere at Mars Terminator
Authors: Trompet L. , Vandaele A. C. , Thomas I. , Aoki S. , Daerden F. , Erwin J. , Flimon Z. , Mahieux A. , Neary L. , Robert S. , Villanueva G. , Liuzzi G. , López‐Valverde M. A. , Brines A. , Bellucci G. , Lopez‐Moreno J. J. , Patel M. R.
Published: February 2023

The Solar Occultation (SO) channel of the Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) instrument scans the Martian atmosphere since 21 April 2018. In this work, we present a subset of the NOMAD SO data measured at the mesosphere. We focused on a spectral range that started to be recorded in Martian year (MY) 35. A total of 968 vertical profiles of carbon dioxide density and temperature covering MY 35 and the beginning of MY 36 were investigated until 135° of solar longitude. We compared 47 profiles with co‐located profiles of the Mars Climate Sounder onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Most profiles show a good agreement as SO temperatures are only 1.8 K higher, but some biases lead to an average absolute difference of 7.4°K. The SO data set is also compared with simulations from the Global Environmental Multiscale‐Mars general circulation model. Both data sets are in good agreement except for the presence of a cold layer in the winter hemisphere and a warm layer at dawn in the Northern hemisphere for solar longitudes between 240° and 360°. Five profiles contain temperatures lower than the limit for CO2 condensation. Strong warm layers were found in 13.5% of the profiles. They are present mainly at dawn and in the winter hemisphere, while the Northern dusks appear featureless. The data set mainly covers high latitudes around 60° and we derived some non‐migrating tides. In the Southern winter hemisphere, we derived apparent zonal wavenumber‐1 (WN‐1) and WN‐3 tidal components with a maximum amplitude of 10% and 5% at 63 km, respectively.
Tandem Observations of Nighttime Mid‐Latitude Topside Ionospheric Perturbations
Authors: Song Hosub , Park Jaeheung , Jin Yaqi , Otsuka Yuichi , Buchert Stephan , Lee Jaejin , Yi Yu
Published: February 2023

Nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) have been generally observed by ground‐based instruments. However, they provide 2‐dimensional images over only a limited field of view and are not distributed globally. The ground‐based observations reported that MSTID wavefronts exhibit backward‐C shapes virtually straddling the dip equator. In situ plasma density measurements onboard individual satellites could overcome the limited coverage of ground‐based MSTID observations. But, most of those spacecrafts could obtain only 1‐dimensional profiles of plasma density, which leaves uncertain whether the observed perturbations generally have the characteristic directivity of MSTIDs. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by statistically investigating nighttime perturbations in the mid‐latitude topside ionosphere observed by tandem satellites, Swarm A and C. We cross‐correlate the plasma density profiles observed by Swarm A and C. The correlation coefficient tends to increase as the two spacecraft move closer, allowing us to derive the disturbances' directivity whenever the Swarm A and C observations are correlated significantly. The directivity statistics agree well with the backward‐C shape. Furthermore, the wavefront directions have clear dependence on magnetic latitudes while they are not as well aligned with local time, which is also consistent with previous reports on nighttime MSTIDs using ground‐based observations and computer simulations. Additionally, we demonstrate that the nighttime MSTIDs can increase the topside Rate Of Total electron content Index above Swarm. All the above‐mentioned results support that the nighttime mid‐latitude perturbations observed by Swarm can be identified as MSTIDs on the whole, which is the most important finding of this paper.
MYT1L haploinsufficiency in human neurons and mice causes autism-associated phenotypes that can be reversed by genetic and pharmacologic intervention
Authors: Weigel Bettina , Tegethoff Jana F. , Grieder Sarah D. , Lim Bryce , Nagarajan Bhuvaneswari , Liu Yu-Chao , Truberg Jule , Papageorgiou Dimitris , Adrian-Segarra Juan M. , Schmidt Laura K. , Kaspar Janina , Poisel Eric , Heinzelmann Elisa , Saraswat Manu , Christ Marleen , Arnold Christian , Ibarra Ignacio L. , Campos Joaquin , Krijgsveld Jeroen , Monyer Hannah , Zaugg Judith B. , Acuna Claudio , Mall Moritz
Published: February 2023

MYT1L is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-associated transcription factor that is expressed in virtually all neurons throughout life. How MYT1L mutations cause neurological phenotypes and whether they can be targeted remains enigmatic. Here, we examine the effects of MYT1L deficiency in human neurons and mice. Mutant mice exhibit neurodevelopmental delays with thinner cortices, behavioural phenotypes, and gene expression changes that resemble those of ASD patients. MYT1L target genes, including WNT and NOTCH, are activated upon MYT1L depletion and their chemical inhibition can rescue delayed neurogenesis in vitro. MYT1L deficiency also causes upregulation of the main cardiac sodium channel, SCN5A, and neuronal hyperactivity, which could be restored by shRNA-mediated knockdown of SCN5A or MYT1L overexpression in postmitotic neurons. Acute application of the sodium channel blocker, lamotrigine, also rescued electrophysiological defects in vitro and behaviour phenotypes in vivo. Hence, MYT1L mutation causes both developmental and postmitotic neurological defects. However, acute intervention can normalise resulting electrophysiological and behavioural phenotypes in adulthood.
Elevated human placental heat shock protein 5 is associated with spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: Tissarinen Pinja , Tiensuu Heli , Haapalainen Antti M. , Määttä Tomi A. , Ojaniemi Marja , Hallman Mikko , Rämet Mika
Published: February 2023

Background

Specific heat shock proteins are associated with pregnancy complications, including spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). Placental proteomics and whole exome sequencing recently suggested an association between heat shock protein HSPA5 and uncomplicated SPTB. In the present study, we investigated the localization of and possible roles for HSPA5 in SPTB.

Methods

Western blot was performed to validate the result from the previously published proteomic analysis. We used qPCR to assess mRNA expression of genes and immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy to examine localization of HSPA5 in placental tissue. We silenced theHSPA5gene in the HTR8/SVneo human trophoblast cell line to investigate possible functions of HSPA5.

Results

HSPA5 was upregulated in placentas from SPTBs compared to spontaneous term births. We did not observe upregulation ofHSPA5mRNA in placental samples. The protein was localized in placental trophoblast in both spontaneous preterm and term placentas. Gene silencing ofHSPA5in human trophoblast cell culture affected the inflammatory response and decreased the expression of several proinflammatory genes.

Conclusions

We suggest that upregulation of HSPA5 in the placenta is associated with spontaneous preterm labor. HSPA5 may promote the inflammatory response and alter the anti-inflammatory state of the placenta which could eventually lead to premature labor.

Impact

We validated upregulation of HSPA5 in placentas from spontaneous preterm birth.HSPA5was not upregulated at transcriptional level which suggests that it may be regulated post-translationally.

SilencingHSPA5in a human trophoblast–derived cell line suggested that HSPA5 promotes expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The emerging inflammation could lead to spontaneous preterm labor.

Identifying inflammatory pathways and factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth increases knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of premature labor. This could provide cues to predict imminent premature labor and lead to information about how to safely maintain pregnancies.
BRD7 inhibits enhancer activity and expression of BIRC2 to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Mengna , Wei Yanmei , Liu Yukun , Wei Jianxia , Zhou Xiangting , Duan Yumei , Chen Shipeng , Xue Changning , Zhan Yuting , Zheng Lemei , Deng Hongyu , Tang Faqing , Fan Songqing , Xiong Wei , Li Guiyuan , Tan Ming , Zhou Ming
Published: February 2023

BRD7 functions as a crucial tumor suppressor in numerous malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, its function and exact mechanisms involved in tumor progression are not well understood. Here, we found that the B7BS was a potential enhancer region of BIRC2, and BRD7 negatively regulated the transcriptional activity and expression of BIRC2 by targeting the activation of the BIRC2 enhancer. Moreover, BIRC2 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion as well as xenograft tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, thus functioning as an oncogene in NPC. Furthermore, the recovery of BIRC2 expression could rescue the inhibitory effect of BRD7 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and xenograft tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, BIRC2 was highly-expressed in NPC tissues, and positively correlated with the TNM stage and negatively correlated with the expression of BRD7. Therefore, these results suggest that BRD7 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis thus functioning as a tumor suppressor at least partially by negatively regulating the enhancer activity and expression of BIRC2, and targeting the BRD7/BIRC2 regulation axis might be a potential strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of NPC.
Molecular and cellular evolution of the amygdala across species analyzed by single-nucleus transcriptome profiling
Authors: Yu Bin , Zhang Qianqian , Lin Lin , Zhou Xin , Ma Wenji , Wen Shaonan , Li Chunyue , Wang Wei , Wu Qian , Wang Xiaoqun , Li Xiao-Ming
Published: February 2023

The amygdala, or an amygdala-like structure, is found in the brains of all vertebrates and plays a critical role in survival and reproduction. However, the cellular architecture of the amygdala and how it has evolved remain elusive. Here, we generated single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data for more than 200,000 cells in the amygdala of humans, macaques, mice, and chickens. Abundant neuronal cell types from different amygdala subnuclei were identified in all datasets. Cross-species analysis revealed that inhibitory neurons and inhibitory neuron-enriched subnuclei of the amygdala were well-conserved in cellular composition and marker gene expression, whereas excitatory neuron-enriched subnuclei were relatively divergent. Furthermore, LAMP5+ interneurons were much more abundant in primates, while DRD2+ inhibitory neurons and LAMP5+SATB2+ excitatory neurons were dominant in the human central amygdalar nucleus (CEA) and basolateral amygdalar complex (BLA), respectively. We also identified CEA-like neurons and their species-specific distribution patterns in chickens. This study highlights the extreme cell-type diversity in the amygdala and reveals the conservation and divergence of cell types and gene expression patterns across species that may contribute to species-specific adaptations.
Visual snow syndrome and migraine: a review
Authors: Silva Elisa Martins , Puledda Francesca
Published: February 2023

Visual snow syndrome is a neurological condition characterized by ongoing prominent phenomena described consistently as tiny dots moving across the entire visual field, often associated with complex visual symptoms. These can take the form of afterimages, entoptic phenomena, nyctalopia and light sensitivity. Although some of these symptoms can be benign, they can nonetheless become significantly impactful for many who experience them, particularly in cases that have a sudden and abrupt start. As visual snow syndrome becomes increasingly recognized in clinical practice we begin to learn about its typical presentation and underlying pathophysiology. Treatment of visual snow, however, still proves quite challenging, and efforts need to be focused on unravelling the biological mechanisms of the syndrome. This endeavour has characterized the most recent research on visual snow, mostly involving neuroimaging, neurophysiological and neurobehavioral studies aimed at understanding its underlying neural signature. Another important aspect of the syndrome, which will likely prove critical in deepening our understanding of visual snow, is represented by the intricate biological and historical connexion with migraine. This narrative review focused on visual snow syndrome will explore its clinical, pathophysiological and treatment aspects in detail.
Large-scale physically accurate modelling of real proton exchange membrane fuel cell with deep learning
Authors: Wang Ying Da , Meyer Quentin , Tang Kunning , McClure James E. , White Robin T. , Kelly Stephen T. , Crawford Matthew M. , Iacoviello Francesco , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R. , Mostaghimi Peyman , Zhao Chuan , Armstrong Ryan T.
Published: February 2023

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells, consuming hydrogen and oxygen to generate clean electricity and water, suffer acute liquid water challenges. Accurate liquid water modelling is inherently challenging due to the multi-phase, multi-component, reactive dynamics within multi-scale, multi-layered porous media. In addition, currently inadequate imaging and modelling capabilities are limiting simulations to small areas (<1 mm2) or simplified architectures. Herein, an advancement in water modelling is achieved using X-ray micro-computed tomography, deep learned super-resolution, multi-label segmentation, and direct multi-phase simulation. The resulting image is the most resolved domain (16 mm2with 700 nm voxel resolution) and the largest direct multi-phase flow simulation of a fuel cell. This generalisable approach unveils multi-scale water clustering and transport mechanisms over large dry and flooded areas in the gas diffusion layer and flow fields, paving the way for next generation proton exchange membrane fuel cells with optimised structures and wettabilities.
Single-cell sequencing of ascites fluid illustrates heterogeneity and therapy-induced evolution during gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Huang Xuan-Zhang , Pang Min-Jiao , Li Jia-Yi , Chen Han-Yu , Sun Jing-Xu , Song Yong-Xi , Ni Hong-Jie , Ye Shi-Yu , Bai Shi , Li Teng-Hui , Wang Xin-Yu , Lu Jing-Yuan , Yang Jin-Jia , Sun Xun , Mills Jason C. , Miao Zhi-Feng , Wang Zhen-Ning
Published: February 2023

Peritoneal metastasis is the leading cause of death for gastrointestinal cancers. The native and therapy-induced ascites ecosystems are not fully understood. Here, we characterize single-cell transcriptomes of 191,987 ascites cancer/immune cells from 35 patients with/without gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis (GCPM). During GCPM progression, an increase is seen of monocyte-like dendritic cells (DCs) that are pro-angiogenic with reduced antigen-presenting capacity and correlate with poor gastric cancer (GC) prognosis. We also describe the evolution of monocyte-like DCs and regulatory and proliferative T cells following therapy. Moreover, we track GC evolution, identifying high-plasticity GC clusters that exhibit a propensity to shift to a high-proliferative phenotype. Transitions occur via the recently described, autophagy-dependent plasticity program, paligenosis. Two autophagy-related genes (MARCKS and TXNIP) mark high-plasticity GC with poorer prognosis, and autophagy inhibitors induce apoptosis in patient-derived organoids. Our findings provide insights into the developmental trajectories of cancer/immune cells underlying GCPM progression and therapy resistance.
A single-cell transcriptional atlas reveals resident progenitor cell niche functions in TMJ disc development and injury
Authors: Bi Ruiye , Yin Qing , Li Haohan , Yang Xianni , Wang Yiru , Li Qianli , Fang Han , Li Peiran , Lyu Ping , Fan Yi , Ying Binbin , Zhu Songsong
Published: February 2023

The biological characteristics of the temporomandibular joint disc involve complex cellular network in cell identity and extracellular matrix composition to modulate jaw function. The lack of a detailed characterization of the network severely limits the development of targeted therapies for temporomandibular joint-related diseases. Here we profiled single-cell transcriptomes of disc cells from mice at different postnatal stages, finding that the fibroblast population could be divided into chondrogenic and non-chondrogenic clusters. We also find that the resident mural cell population is the source of disc progenitors, characterized by ubiquitously active expression of the NOTCH3 and THY1 pathways. Lineage tracing reveals thatMyh11+mural cells coordinate angiogenesis during disc injury but lost their progenitor characteristics and ultimately becomeSfrp2+non-chondrogenic fibroblasts instead ofChad+chondrogenic fibroblasts. Overall, we reveal multiple insights into the coordinated development of disc cells and are the first to describe the resident mural cell progenitor during disc injury.
Resistance of Omicron subvariants BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6, and BQ.1.1 to neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Planas Delphine , Bruel Timothée , Staropoli Isabelle , Guivel-Benhassine Florence , Porrot Françoise , Maes Piet , Grzelak Ludivine , Prot Matthieu , Mougari Said , Planchais Cyril , Puech Julien , Saliba Madelina , Sahraoui Riwan , Fémy Florent , Morel Nathalie , Dufloo Jérémy , Sanjuán Rafael , Mouquet Hugo , André Emmanuel , Hocqueloux Laurent , Simon-Loriere Etienne , Veyer David , Prazuck Thierry , Péré Hélène , Schwartz Olivier
Published: February 2023

Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 lineages has led to the emergence of several new subvariants, including BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6. and BQ.1.1. The subvariant BQ.1.1 became predominant in many countries in December 2022. The subvariants carry an additional and often redundant set of mutations in the spike, likely responsible for increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Here, we established a viral amplification procedure to easily isolate Omicron strains. We examined their sensitivity to 6 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and to 72 sera from Pfizer BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals, with or without BA.1/BA.2 or BA.5 breakthrough infection. Ronapreve (Casirivimab and Imdevimab) and Evusheld (Cilgavimab and Tixagevimab) lose antiviral efficacy against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1, whereas Xevudy (Sotrovimab) remaine weakly active. BQ.1.1 is also resistant to Bebtelovimab. Neutralizing titers in triply vaccinated individuals are low to undetectable against BQ.1.1 and BA.2.75.2, 4 months after boosting. A BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infection increases these titers, which remains about 18-fold lower against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1, than against BA.1. Reciprocally, a BA.5 breakthrough infection increases more efficiently neutralization against BA.5 and BQ.1.1 than against BA.2.75.2. Thus, the evolution trajectory of novel Omicron subvariants facilitates their spread in immunized populations and raises concerns about the efficacy of most available mAbs.
Lemon grass essential oil improves Gladiolus grandiflorus postharvest life by modulating water relations, microbial growth, biochemical activity, and gene expression
Authors: Thakur Meenakshi , Verma Vipasha , Chandel Anjali , Kumar Raghawendra , Sharma Tanvi , Kumar Akhil , Bhardwaj Sonali , Kumar Rakshak , Bhargava Bhavya
Published: February 2023

Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus Andrews) is a high-valued bulbous cut flower. However, the shorter postharvest life of the gladiolus, limits its marketing and commercial value. In the present investigation, the effect of lemon grass (LG) essential oil as an antimicrobial agent was studied towards increasing the vase life of gladiolus. The results revealed that as compared to control (distilled water), treatment with a lower concentration of 5 µL L−1 LG essential oil prolonged the vase life of gladiolus up to 11 days (d). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation indicated that the sample treated with 5 µL L−1 LG essential oil showed intact vasculature, suggesting reduced microbial blockage at the stem end which was further corroborated by microbial count. Biochemical analysis suggested an increased level of total soluble sugars, carotenoid content, lower MDA accumulation, and higher activity of antioxidant enzymes in LG treated flowers. Moreover, transcripts levels of genes associated with senescence viz., GgCyP1 and GgERS1a were downregulated, while expression of GDAD1 and antioxidant genes such as GgP5C5, GgPOD 1, GgMnSOD, and GgCAT1 were upregulated in LG treated cut spikes as compared to control. Among various treatments we have concluded that, the vase life of the gladiolus cut spike was improved along with the relative fresh flower weight and diameter of flower at the lower dose of 5 µL L−1 LG oil in the vase solution. Thus, LG oil as an eco-friendly agent has the potential to extend the postharvest life of cut flowers.
Acoustic projectors make covert bioacoustic chirplet signals discoverable
Authors: Casari Paolo , Neasham Jeff , Gubnitsky Guy , Eccher Davide , Diamant Roee
Published: February 2023

To disguise man-made communications as natural signals, underwater transceivers have the option to pre-record animal vocalizations, and play them back in a way that carries meaningful information for a trained receiver. This operation, known as biomimicking, has been used to perform covert communications and to emit broadband signals for localization, either by playing pre-recorded animal sounds back into the environment, or by designing artificial waveforms whose spectrum is close to that of bioacoustic sounds.However, organic sound-emitting body structures in animals have very different trans-characteristics with respect to electro-acoustic transducers used in underwater acoustic transceivers. In this paper, we observe the distortion induced by transmitting pre-recorded animal vocalization through a transducer’s front-end, and argue that such distortion can be detected via appropriate entropy metrics. We test ten different metrics for this purpose, both via emulated transmission and in two field experiments. Our result indicate which signals and entropy metrics lead to the highest probability of detecting transducer-originated distortions, thus exposing ongoing covert communications. Our research emphasizes the limitations that man-made equipment incurs when reproducing bioacoustic sounds, and prompts for the choice of biomimicking signals that are possibly suboptimal for communications or localization, but help avoid exposing disguised transmissions.
Association of age and spinopelvic function in patients receiving a total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Haffer Henryk , Hu Zhouyang , Wang Zhen , Müllner Maximilian , Hardt Sebastian , Pumberger Matthias
Published: February 2023

Restricted spinopelvic mobility received attention as a contributing factor for total hip arthroplasty (THA) instability. However, it is still unknown, how the spinopelvic function is influenced by age. In identifying the patients at highest risk for altered spinopelvic mechanics the study aimed to determine the association of age on the individual segments of the spinopelvic complex and global spinal sagittal alignment in patients undergoing THA. 197 patients were included in the prospective observational study conducting biplanar stereoradiography (EOS) in standing and sitting position pre-and postoperatively. Two independent investigators assessed C7-sagittal vertical axis (C7-SVA), cervical lordosis (CL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), anterior plane pelvic tilt (APPT), and pelvic femoral angle (PFA). Key segments of the spinopelvic complex are defined as lumbar flexibility (∆ LL = LLstanding − LLsitting), pelvic mobility (∆ SS = SSstanding − SSsitting) and hip motion (∆ PFA = PFAstanding − PFAsitting). Pelvic mobility was further defined based on ∆ SS = SSstanding − SSsitting as stiff (∆ SS < 10°), normal (∆ SS ≥ 10°–30°) and hypermobile (∆ SS > 30°). The patient collective was classified into three groups: (1) < 60 years (n = 56), (2) ≥ 60–79 years (n = 112) and (3) ≥ 80 years (n = 29). Lumbar flexibility (∆ LL) was decreased with increasing age between all groups (36.1° vs. 23.1° vs. 17.2°/p1+2 < 0.000, p2+3 = 0.020, p1+3 < 0.000) postoperatively. Pelvic mobility (∆ SS) was decreased in the groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 (21.0° and 17.9° vs. 27.8°/p1+2 < 0.000, p2+3 = 0.371, p1+3 = 0.001). Pelvic retroversion in standing position (APPT) was higher in group 2 and 3 compared to group 1 (1.9° and − 0.5° vs 6.9°/p1+2 < 0.000, p2+3 = 0.330, p1+3 < 0.000). Global sagittal spinal balance (C7-SVA) showed more imbalance in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 (60.4 mm and 71.2 mm vs. 34.5 mm/p1+2 < 0.000, p2+3 = 0.376, p1+3 < 0.000) postoperatively. The preoperative proportion of patients with stiff pelvic mobility in group 1 was distinctly lower than in group 3 (23.2% vs. 35.7%) and declined in group 1 to 1.8% compared to 20.7% in group 3 after THA. Changes after THA were reported for groups 1 and 2 representing spinopelvic complex key parameter lumbar flexibility (∆ LL), pelvic mobility (∆ SS) and hip motion (∆ PFA), but not for group 3. This is the first study to present age-adjusted normative values for spinopelvic mobility. The subgroups with increased age were identified as risk cohort for altered spinopelvic mechanics and enhanced sagittal spinal imbalance and limited capacity for improvement of mobility after THA. This valuable information serves to focus in the preoperative screening on the THA candidates with the highest risk for abnormal spinopelvic function.
Clinical outcomes of colonoscopic polypectomy with strategic surveillance colonoscopies in patients with 10 or more polyps
Authors: Park Jin Hwa , Hong Seung Wook , Hwang Sung Wook , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong-Hoon , Ye Byong Duk , Myung Seung-Jae , Yang Suk-Kyun , Byeon Jeong-Sik
Published: February 2023

The clinical usefulness of repeat colonoscopic polypectomy in patients with numerous polyps has not been sufficiently determined. We aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes of colonoscopic polypectomy with surveillance colonoscopies in patients with ≥ 10 polyps. We reviewed the medical records of 152 patients who underwent polypectomy of ≥ 10 polyps at the baseline colonoscopy. We investigated polyp number, polyp size, polypectomy method, procedure time, and adverse events of the baseline colonoscopy. We also investigated the frequency and interval of surveillance colonoscopies and their findings. The mean number of polyps detected at the baseline colonoscopy was 20.0, of which 16.0 polyps were endoscopically resected. The mean size of the largest polyp was 13.4 mm. The mean procedure time was 54.9 min. Post-polypectomy bleeding occurred in 6 (3.9%) patients, all of whom were treated conservatively. No patients developed perforation. With an increasing number of surveillance colonoscopies, the number of detected polyps and the procedure time decreased. Surveillance colonoscopies identified colorectal cancer only in three patients (2.0%), all of which were mucosal cancers that could be curatively treated by polypectomy. Colonoscopic polypectomy with repeat surveillance colonoscopies is a clinically effective, efficient, and safe management option in patients with ≥ 10 polyps.
Minimum heart rate and mortality after cardiac surgery: retrospective analysis of the Multi-parameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database
Authors: Luo Chaodi , Duan Zhenzhen , Xia Ziheng , Li Qian , Wang Boxiang , Zheng Tingting , Wang Danni , Han Dan
Published: February 2023

Low heart rate is a risk factor of mortality in many cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship of minimum heart rate (MHR) with outcomes after cardiac surgery is still unclear, and the association between optimum MHR and risk of mortality in patients receiving cardiac surgery remains unknown. In this retrospective study using the Multi-parameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database, 8243 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery were included. The association between MHR and the 30-day, 90-day, 180-day, and 1-year mortality of patients undergoing cardiac surgery was analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. As a continuous variable, MHR was evaluated using restricted cubic regression splines, and appropriate cut-off points were determined. Kaplan–Meier curve was used to further explore the relationship between MHR and prognosis. Subgroup analyses were performed based on age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and ethnicity. The rates of the 30-day, 90-day, 180-day, and 1-year mortalities of patients in the low MHR group were higher than those in the high MHR group (4.1% vs. 2.9%, P < 0.05; 6.8% vs. 5.3%, P < 0.05; 8.9% vs. 7.0%, P < 0.05, and 10.9% vs. 8.8%, P < 0.05, respectively). Low MHR significantly correlated with the 30-day, 90-day, 180-day, and 1-year mortality after adjusting for confounders. A U-shaped relationship was observed between the 30-day, 90-day, 180-day, and 1-year mortality and MHR, and the mortality was lowest when the MHR was 69 bpm. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis also indicated that low MHR had poor prognosis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. According to subgroup analyses, the effect of low MHR on post-cardiac surgery survival was restricted to patients who were < 75 years old, male, without hypertension and diabetes, and of White ethnicity. MHR (69 bpm) was associated with better 30-day, 90-day, 180-day, and 1-year survival in patients after cardiac surgery. Therefore, effective HR control strategies are required in this high-risk population.
Weekly variations of accelerometer variables and workload of professional soccer players from different positions throughout a season
Authors: Nobari Hadi , Praça Gibson Moreira , da Glória Teles Bredt Sarah , González Pablo Prieto , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Carlos-Vivas Jorge , Ardigò Luca Paolo
Published: February 2023

The current study aimed to analyze, using accelerometer-based activity, acute workload, chronic workload, acutechronic workloads ratio, training-monotony and training-strain throughout a competitive soccer-season and to compare these variables between players from different playing positions. Twenty-one professional soccer-players were monitored during the 48 weeks of the season. Players were grouped according to their position. Four lateral-defenders and four winger-players formed LDW group, four central-defenders and four forwards formed CDF group, and six midfielder-players formed MDF group. Accelerometer-based variables were collected during training and match contexts and were used to generate indicators of weekly acute and chronic workload, training monotony, training strain and metabolic power. A one-way ANOVA compared all dependent variables between groups, and effect sizes for pairwise comparisons were calculated. Results revealed variations in the weekly load throughout the season, which demands caution from coaches to avoid injuries. There were no differences in weekly-loads for all dependent variables (P > 0.05, small-to-moderate effects). We conclude that the weekly-load is not constant during a competitive season and players from different positions have similar weekly-loads. Therefore, previously reported in the literature, possible match-related positional differences might be compensated by differences in training-related loads, leading to a similar profile when considering the whole week.
Effects of presenilin-1 familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations on γ-secretase activation for cleavage of amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Do Hung N. , Devkota Sujan , Bhattarai Apurba , Wolfe Michael S. , Miao Yinglong
Published: February 2023

Presenilin-1 (PS1) is the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase which cleaves within the transmembrane domain of over 150 peptide substrates. Dominant missense mutations in PS1 cause early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD); however, the exact pathogenic mechanism remains unknown. Here we combined Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations and biochemical experiments to determine the effects of six representative PS1 FAD mutations (P117L, I143T, L166P, G384A, L435F, and L286V) on the enzyme-substrate interactions between γ-secretase and amyloid precursor protein (APP). Biochemical experiments showed that all six PS1 FAD mutations rendered γ-secretase less active for the endoproteolytic (ε) cleavage of APP. Distinct low-energy conformational states were identified from the free energy profiles of wildtype and PS1 FAD-mutant γ-secretase. The P117L and L286V FAD mutants could still sample the “Active” state for substrate cleavage, but with noticeably reduced conformational space compared with the wildtype. The other mutants hardly visited the “Active” state. The PS1 FAD mutants were found to reduce γ-secretase proteolytic activity by hindering APP residue L49 from proper orientation in the active site and/or disrupting the distance between the catalytic aspartates. Therefore, our findings provide mechanistic insights into how PS1 FAD mutations affect structural dynamics and enzyme-substrate interactions of γ-secretase and APP.
Substantial burial of terrestrial microplastics in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China
Authors: Gao Bo , Chen Yalan , Xu Dongyu , Sun Ke , Xing Baoshan
Published: February 2023

Hydropower dams impact the transport of microplastics from rivers to the ocean. The Yangtze River is a large source of plastics to the ocean. Here, we report microplastic concentrations and compositions across a range of size fractions for sediment samples collected in the upper and lower reaches of the Three Gorges Dam in 2008, 2015, 2019 and 2020. We find a gradual increase in microplastic abundance over time, with preferential retention of small-sized (<300 μm) microplastics in the dam reservoir sediments. Small microplastics accounted for between approximately 44 and 90% of identified microplastics, and 82% of all polyethylene particles, which were the dominant polymer type. Our estimate of the total plastic mass load in reservoir sediments suggests that the Three Gorges Dam retains as much as 8048 ± 7494 tons yr‒1 microplastics in sediments, which is equivalent to 47 ± 44% of the Yangtze River microplastic flux to the ocean.
A thread-based electrofluidic platform for direct transfer, separation, and pre-concentration of materials from sample swabs
Authors: Manchanda Arushi , Gupta Vipul , Wu Liang , Paull Brett
Published: February 2023

A novel platform for direct transfer, separation, and pre-concentration of swabbed samples without elution into a solvent or a medium.
Determination and quantification of related substances and degradation products in bictegravir by full factorial design evaluated HPLC and mass spectrometry
Authors: Kumar S. R. Jythesh , Rao Vandavasi Koteswara , Katari Naresh Kumar , Jyothi Narreddy Siva , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad
Published: February 2023

Determining and quantifying novel impurities and degraded impurities of a drug product is always a continuous challenge to enhancing the drug quality for patients' safety.
Bromodomain and extraterminal protein-targeted probe enables tumour visualisation in vivo using positron emission tomography
Authors: Dickmann Catherine G. Fitzgerald , McDonald Alexander F. , Huynh Nhi , Rigopoulos Angela , Liu Zhanqi , Guo Nancy , Osellame Laura D. , Gorman Michael A. , Parker Michael W. , Gan Hui K. , Scott Andrew M. , Ackermann Uwe , Burvenich Ingrid J. G. , White Jonathan M.
Published: February 2023

A fluorine-18 labelled probe was developed to target bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins for molecular imaging of cancer with positron emission tomography.
A near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobe for senescence-associated β-galactosidase sensing in living cells
Authors: Zhao Ye , Sun Shan , Lyu Yan , Gao Mengyao , Lin Hengwei , Yang Cheng
Published: February 2023

A near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobe based on semiconducting polymer nanoparticles with lysosome locating capacity for the detection and visualization of senescence-associated β-gal in living cells is developed.
Self-healable and transparent PDMS-g-poly(fluorinated acrylate) coating with ultra-low ice adhesion strength for anti-icing applications
Authors: Liang Hengfei , Zhang Zihong , Liu Ying , Ye Min , Hu Chengyao , Huang Yawen
Published: February 2023

Polysiloxane-g-fluorinated acrylate polymer with branched structure, anchored groups and dynamic cross-linked network was synthesized, which has increased chain segment slippery and self-healability.
Construction of polysubstituted pentafulvenes via palladium-catalyzed deacetylation of enones
Authors: Li Ling-Jun , Wang Xing , Xu Hui , Dai Hui-Xiong
Published: February 2023

Herein, we report an efficient synthetic method for polysubstituted pentafulvenes via palladium-catalyzed deacetylative [2+2+1] annulation of enones with alkynes.
Axisymmetric bis-tridentate Ir(iii) photoredox catalysts for anticancer phototherapy under hypoxia
Authors: Wei Li , Kushwaha Rajesh , Dao Anyi , Fan Zhongxian , Banerjee Samya , Huang Huaiyi
Published: February 2023

Axisymmetric bis-tridentate Ir(iii) complex with strong synergetic type I/II photosensitization and photocatalytic were constructed for anticancer phototherapy under hypoxia and normoxia.
Two-dimensional Cd3-based metal–organic frameworks with halogen bonding sites for the uptake of I2
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Hao , Ge Jia-Lu , Li Yan , Li Qing , Ma Pin-Pin , Tang Xiao-Yan , Zhang Wen-Hua , Young David J.
Published: February 2023

The coordinated DEF solvates of a 2D MOF were replaced by pyrazine, 3-cyanopyridine, and 4-cyanopyridine to yield isoreticular structures with enhanced I2uptake because of the introduction of halogen-bonding sites.
Self-assembly of secondary aryl amides in cocrystals with perfluoroaryl coformers: structural analysis and synthon preferences
Authors: Alfuth Jan , Kazimierczuk Katarzyna , Połoński Tadeusz , Olszewska Teresa
Published: February 2023

Lactams 1–3 readily form cocrystals with pentafluorophenol (pfp) or pentafluorobenzoic acid (pfba) and the observed crystal packings result from concerted aryl⋯perfluoroaryl stacking interactions combined with hydrogen bonding.
Distinct effects of zwitterionic molecules on ionic solvation in (ethylene oxide)10: a molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Nguyen Manh Tien , Abbas Usman L. , Qi Qiao , Shao Qing
Published: February 2023

The three zwitterionic structures (MPC, CB, SB) have varying strengths in releasing lithium cations from the wrapping of ethylene oxide chains, with MPC being the most effective, followed by CB and SB.
Combined computational and experimental study about the incorporation of phosphorus into the structure of graphene oxide
Authors: Costa Tainara L. G. , Vieira Mariana A. , Gonçalves Gustavo R. , Cipriano Daniel F. , Lacerda Valdemar , Gonçalves Arlan S. , Scopel Wanderlã L. , de Siervo Abner , Freitas Jair C. C.
Published: February 2023

DFT calculations and solid-state NMR spectroscopy are a powerful combination to provide a detailed characterization of phosphorus-containing graphene oxides with outstanding properties for diverse applications.
CO2coverage on Pd catalysts accelerates oxygen removal in oxy-combustion systems
Authors: Jung Sungyoon , Cao Tengfei , Mishra Rohan , Biswas Pratim
Published: February 2023

Accelerated CO2generation was observed during complete CH4oxidation with increased CO2concentration in the feed stream.
Photophysics of uracil: an explicit time-dependent generating function-based method combining both nonadiabatic and spin–orbit coupling effects
Authors: Karak Pijush , Moitra Torsha , Ruud Kenneth , Chakrabarti Swapan
Published: February 2023

An explicit time dependent generating function based study reveals that uracil follows the S3 → S2 → S1 → T1 pathway for ultrafast nonradiative decay.
Porphyrin-based supramolecular polymers
Authors: Lee Hosoowi , Park Hyunjun , Ryu Du Yeol , Jang Woo-Dong
Published: February 2023

The versatile chemical and physical properties of porphyrin derivatives endow them with the potential to serve as powerful motifs for the design of functional supramolecular polymers.
Cascading and precise regulation of the selective bio-production of 2- or 5-ketogluconic acid from glucose with whole-cell catalysis technology
Authors: Hua Xia , Han Jian , Liu XinLu , Xu Yong
Published: February 2023

Ketogluconic acid is widely applied in several industries as the bio-precursor of vitamin C and tartaric acid, while the selective production of 2-kGA or 5-kGA from glucose is so far still a challenge for chemical and biotechnical processes.
Electro- and photoactivation of silver–iron oxide particles as magnetically recyclable catalysts for cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Wang Qi , Shang Zhongxia , Wang Haiyan , Wei Alexander
Published: February 2023

Colloidal Ag particles decorated with Fe3O4islands can be electrochemically or photochemically activated as inverse catalysts for C(sp2)–H heteroarylation.
Single-molecule conductance studies on quasi- and metallaaromatic dibenzoylmethane coordination compounds and their aromatic analogs
Authors: Mang André , Rotthowe Nils , Beltako Katawoura , Linseis Michael , Pauly Fabian , Winter Rainer F.
Published: February 2023

According to STM break-junction and quantum chemical studies, electrical conductances of dibenzoylmethane-Lewis acid adducts follow an ordering quasi-aromatic > metallaaromatic > aromatic and exceed those of topologically equivalent meta-terphenyls.
Metal oxide cluster-assisted assembly of anisotropic cellulose nanocrystal aerogels for balanced mechanical and thermal insulation properties
Authors: Wang Huihui , Xia Bingyu , Song Rui , Huang Wei , Zhang Mingxin , Liu Chuanfu , Ke Yubin , Yin Jia-Fu , Chen Kun , Yin Panchao
Published: February 2023

Aerogels of cellulose nanocrystals with balanced thermal and mechanical performance can be fabricated via a 1 nm metal oxide cluster assisted unidirectional freeze-drying processing.
A facile post-assembly approach for the fabrication of non-close-packed gold nanocrystal arrays from binary nanocrystal superlattices
Authors: Piotrowski Marek , Ge Zhongsheng , Han Xiao , Wang Yixi , Bandela Anil Kumar , Thumu Udayabhaskararao
Published: February 2023

Here, we demonstrate a novel approach for fabricating non-close-packed gold nanocrystal arrays using facile one-step post-modification of a Cs4PbBr6–Au binary nanocrystal superlattice by electron beam etching of the perovskite phase.
Chloride enables the growth of Ag nanocubes and nanowires by making PVP binding facet-selective
Authors: Xu Heng , Chen Zihao , Hao Spencer , Fichthorn Kristen A. , Wiley Benjamin J.
Published: February 2023

We use synthesis, electrochemistry, and DFT calculations to show the presence or absence
of Cl− modulates binding of PVP to (100) facets, leading to the formation of nanocubes with Cl−, or truncated octahedra without it.
Stille type P–C coupling polycondensation towards phosphorus-crosslinked polythiophenes with P-regulated photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Zhikai , Zhang Boyang , Han Xue , Chen Hongyi , Xue Cece , Peng Min , Ma Guijun , Ren Yi
Published: February 2023

New type of Stille type phosphorus–carbon polycondensation was developed to access phosphorus-crosslinked polythiophenes where regulating P-center environments can be an effective strategy for fine tuning the photocatalytic H2evolution performance.
Palladium- and nickel-catalyzed cascade enantioselective ring-opening/coupling reactions of cyclobutanones
Authors: Cao Jian , Xu Li-Wen
Published: February 2023

This article summarizes recent efforts in developing enantioselective palladium- and nickel-catalyzed ring-opening/coupling reactions of cyclobutanones with a tethered aryl halide.
Assembly of copper-clusters into a framework: enhancing the structural stability and photocatalytic HER performance
Authors: Xu Yue , Dong Qing-Guo , Dong Jian-Peng , Zhang Huan , Li Bo , Wang Rui , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: February 2023

Two-step precise assembly of copper-clusters into a framework for enhancing photocatalytic activity, accompanied by a transformation from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysis.
Preparation and spectral analysis of 4.3%Dy:YCa4O(BO3)3 and 5%Dy,1.25%Tb:YCa4O(BO3)3 crystals for potential use in solid state yellow lasers
Authors: Zhou Hu , Sun Zhigang , Wang Fupiao , Chen Yunlin , Zheng Yanqing
Published: February 2023

Dy:YCa4O(BO3)3 (Dy:YCOB) and Dy,Tb:YCa4O(BO3)3 (Dy,Tb:YCOB) single crystals with different doping ratios were grown through the Bridgman technique, and the spectroscopic properties of the crystals were investigated.