bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties and Stabilization Mechanism of Steel Slag-Rice Husk Ash Solidified High Plasticity Clay
Authors: Kang Xin , Li Chenye , Zhang Miao , Yu Xiaoqing , Chen Yongqing
Published: August 2023

Steel slag (SS) and rice husk ash (RHA) are utilized to treat high plasticity clay (CH) for highway subbase applications. The aim of this paper is to study the curing effect of SS and RHA addition on treated CH and explore the stabilization mechanism. The paper systematically investigated the mechanical properties of stabilized soil, such as California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). In addition, the micro-improvement mechanisms of the soil properties were explored through X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the mechanical properties of solidified soil were significantly improved after adding SS-RHA. With the addition of 15 % SS and 9 % RHA in CH, the CBR, UCS, and elastic modulus were increased by 412.5 %, 384.1 %, and 374.7 %, respectively. The addition of SS provided the calcium and aluminum ions required for the hydration reaction. Meanwhile, the pozzolanic activity of RHA can enhance the activity of SS and further improve the gelling property of SS. The microscopic characteristic tests showed more cementitious material was generated in the SS-RHA stabilized soil, which were more uniform and denser. The stabilization mechanism was attributed to the internal pore filling and interparticle cementation of SS-RHA gel, which simultaneously enhanced the microstructure of the soil and particle contact.
Experimental Evaluation of KIEAC of a Carbon Steel Using the Pin-Loaded SENT Geometry
Authors: Teixeira Oliveira de Menezes João , Braun Poloponsky Ingrid , Castrodeza Enrique Mariano
Published: August 2023

The experimental determination of the threshold stress intensity factor for environment-assisted cracking (KIEAC) is described by several standards, which allow the use of different specimen geometries and methodologies for crack length estimation. In some cases, the combination of structure, specimen size, or both, main loading direction, and crack orientations of the component that need to be characterized limit the use of standardized geometries. Consequently, alternative geometries must be used. In this study, fatigue pre-cracked pin-loaded single edge notched tension specimens as defined by BS 8571:2018, Method of Test for Determination of Fracture Toughness in Metallic Materials Using Single Edge Notched Tension (SENT) Specimens, were applied for the experimental evaluation of the KIEAC of a carbon steel. The specimens were tested in deaerated substitute ocean water solution saturated with carbon dioxide at 40°C and at 1 and 10 bar (100 and 1,000 kPa) under constant load conditions with incremental (step) loading. The crack length during the tests was monitored by direct current potential drop, which was helpful for defining the applied K corresponding to the onset of subcritical crack growth (KIEAC). Additionally, fractographic analysis of KEAC specimens and results from the fracture toughness evaluation of this material in air at room temperature have also been reported.
Young’s Modulus of Metal Foams Based on Resonance Frequencies
Authors: Sadeghi Naeini M. R. , Ahmadian M. T.
Published: August 2023

Estimating the mechanical properties of metal foams is becoming important in developing new materials and advancing new manufacturing processes. Among various mechanical properties, effective Young’s modulus as one of the key properties may be evaluated through several measurement methods, but because of some limitations, merely a few techniques can be used in each application. Metal foam as a novel conventional material is one of the significant materials with limited methods for effective Young’s modulus measurement. Recently, several empirical relationships have been developed between effective Young’s modulus and metal foam’s porosity to estimate its elasticity based on the material’s relative density. The present study uses the finite element method to examine a cuboid-shaped sample with various porosities to develop a better model for the relationship between resonance frequencies and elasticity. In addition to the relationship between elasticity and porosity, an empirical correlation between resonance frequencies and elasticity is proposed. The results of this research allow the researchers to estimate the porosity and effective Young’s modulus of metal foams based on the resonance frequencies.
Phasic, Event-Related Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modifies Behavioral, Pupillary, and Low-Frequency Oscillatory Power Responses
Authors: Wienke Christian , Grueschow Marcus , Haghikia Aiden , Zaehle Tino
Published: August 2023

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been proposed to activate the locus ceruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system. However, previous studies failed to find consistent modulatory effects of taVNS on LC-NA biomarkers. Previous studies suggest that phasic taVNS may be capable of modulating LC-NA biomarkers such as pupil dilation and alpha oscillations. However, it is unclear whether these effects extend beyond pure sensory vagal nerve responses. Critically, the potential of the pupillary light reflex as an additional taVNS biomarker has not been explored so far. Here, we applied phasic active and sham taVNS in 29 subjects (16 female, 13 male) while they performed an emotional Stroop task (EST) and a passive pupil light reflex task (PLRT). We recorded pupil size and brain activity dynamics using a combined Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and pupillometry design. Our results show that phasic taVNS significantly increased pupil dilation and performance during the EST. During the PLRT, active taVNS reduced and delayed pupil constriction. In the MEG, taVNS increased frontal-midline theta and alpha power during the EST, whereas occipital alpha power was reduced during both the EST and PLRT. Our findings provide evidence that phasic taVNS systematically modulates behavioral, pupillary, and electrophysiological parameters of LC-NA activity during cognitive processing. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that the pupillary light reflex can be used as a simple and effective proxy of taVNS efficacy. These findings have important implications for the development of noninvasive neuromodulation interventions for various cognitive and clinical applications.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTtaVNS has gained increasing attention as a noninvasive neuromodulation technique and is widely used in clinical and nonclinical research. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of action of taVNS is not yet fully understood. By assessing physiology and behavior in a response conflict task in healthy humans, we demonstrate the first successful application of a phasic, noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation to improve cognitive control and to systematically modulate pupillary and electrophysiological markers of the noradrenergic system. Understanding the mechanisms of action of taVNS could optimize future clinical applications and lead to better treatments for mental disorders associated with noradrenergic dysfunction. In addition, we present a new taVNS-sensitive pupillary measure representing an easy-to-use biomarker for future taVNS studies.
Alteration of tumor suppressors changes the endometrial tumor spectrum
Authors: Mayo Lindsey D
Published: August 2023

The most common gynecological cancer in Europe and the United States is endometrial. Like most cancers, early‐stage endometrial cancer has a more favorable prognosis, while high‐grade, including endometrioid and nonendometrioid, has the worst prognosis. In endometrioid human tumors, the tumor suppressor genes PTEN and p53 (Trp53) are frequently altered or lost, as identified in datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas. These suppressors' somatic mutations or loss of gene expression can lead to neoplastic development, tumor progression, and therapeutic resistance. In addition, somatic missense mutations are prevalent in another tumor suppressor, the F‐box and WD repeats containing 7 (FBXW7). FBXW7 is part of the SCF‐βTrCP ubiquitin complex that signals protein destruction. Specifically, FBXW7 is responsible for binding and facilitating the destabilization of proteins involved in proliferation and migration. Losing the function of multiple tumor suppressors could activate pathways involved in neoplastic progression, malignancy, therapeutic resistance, and formation of different tumor subtypes. The study by Brown et al in this issue of EMBO Mol Med (Brown et al, 2023) provides insight into the complexity of tumor suppressor mutations in malignant endometrial cancer.
Preparation and electrothermal properties of graphene electrothermal composite floor
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Su Tian , Leng Xin , Peng Bo , Tang Jiacheng , Han Zhe , Lin Shuyang , Yu Peilong , Zhang Song , Yang Chunmei
Published: August 2023

Conventional electrothermal floors suffer from low heating efficiency, uneven temperature distribution across the floor surface, local overheating, and severe heat accumulation. In order to improve the heating performance, an electrothermal composite floor with graphene as the heating layer was fabricated. The relationship between time and temperature rise, the relationship between power density and temperature rise, running stability, and surface temperature distribution were investigated and analyzed after heating, and the surface temperature profiles were simulated in two and three dimensions. The results were compared with the carbon fiber electrothermal composite floor and the resistance wire electrothermal composite floor. The results indicated that the temperature of the graphene electrothermal composite floor rose to 27.1 °C, the electrothermal conversion efficiency reached 90.1% after 40 min of electrification, and the temperature distribution unevenness was 4.4 °C, which were better than the carbon fiber electrothermal composite floor and the resistance wire electrothermal composite floor. The graphene electrothermal composite floor exhibited high heating performance, thus aiding the development and manufacture of such composite flooring.
Evaluación subjetiva de la hipoestesia subclavicular luego de una reducción abierta y fijación interna de fracturas de clavícula
Authors: Pierro Inés , Simone Juan Pablo , Forns Guido , Vasallo María Belén
Published: August 2023

Introducción: Las fracturas de clavícula representan el 4% de las fracturas del adulto; el 80% son mediodiafisarias. Se ha demostrado que el tratamiento quirúrgico disminuye el riesgo de seudoartrosis, consolidación viciosa y dolor residual, aunque no está exento de complicaciones, como la hipoestesia regional (12-29%), entre otras.

Objetivo: Evaluar la incidencia de hipoestesia subclavicular luego de una reducción abierta y fijación interna para una fractura de clavícula, si afecta la calidad de vida del paciente y cómo la afecta.

Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico prospectivo de pacientes con una fractura mediodiafisaria desplazada de clavícula tratados con reducción abierta y fijación interna entre 2018 y 2021. Se utilizó un cuestionario elaborado por el equipo, que consistió en 6 preguntas para responder de forma anónima. Se evaluó la presencia de hipoestesia subclavicular, dolor regional y afectación de la vida cotidiana.

Resultados: Se evaluó a 29 pacientes con un seguimiento posoperatorio mínimo de un año, operados mediante un abordaje longitudinal. Veintidós (76%) tenían alteración de la sensibilidad y siete (24%) negaron este síntoma. La hipoestesia subclavicular afectó la calidad de vida de manera leve o nula del 97% de los pacientes.

Conclusión: Es importante advertirle al paciente antes de la cirugía sobre la posibilidad de hipoestesia cutánea como complicación posoperatoria, debido a su alta frecuencia, aunque es poco probable que dicha complicación afecte la calidad de vida.
A novel validation approach shows new, solid reasons why vertical jump height should not be used to predict leg power
Authors: Aragón-Vargas Luis Fernando , González-Lutz María Isabel
Published: August 2023

Jump height continues to be widely used to predict power in humans. Individual progress is often monitored on the basis of estimated power, but prediction equations are based on group data. The objective of the study was to show that vertical jump performance (VJP) and mechanical power are poorly associated, particularly within individuals. Two experiments are presented. First, 52 physically active male college students performed five maximal vertical jumps each. Second, three young male participants performed 50 maximal jumps each. Participants rested for 1 minute between jumps. VJP was calculated from kinematic data as peak body center of mass (BCOM) minus standing BCOM; peak power (PEAKPWR) was calculated from the vertical ground reaction force registered by a force plate, and average power (MEANPWR) during propulsion from the change in potential energy of BCOM. Regression analyses were performed using standardized VJP scores as the predictor variable and standardized power scores as the resulting variables, expecting an identity function of y = x (intercept = 0, slope = 1) and R2 = 1. In experiment 1, the model for zPEAKPWR R2 = 0.9707 (p < 0.0001) but slope (0.3452) ≠ 1  (p < 0.0001). The model for zMEANPWR R2 = 0.9239 (p < 0.0001); nevertheless, slope (0.4257) ≠ 1 (p < 0.0001). In experiment 2, all individual models for zPEAKPWR and zMEANPWR resulted in poor associations (R2 ≤ 0.21) and slopes ≠ 1 (p≤0.001). In conclusion, regression analysis for individuals, and even for groups, confirms that VJP is a poor predictor of mechanical power.
Folk conceptualisation of small talk: A view from a Japanese online discussion forum
Authors: Ohashi Jun
Published: August 2023

The study explores the perceptions of small talk shared by the users of a Japanese online community, seeking information on their expected speech and behaviour in small talk and factors contributing to positive/negative evaluations of small talk. The study investigates a discussion thread consisting of 73 responses to a contributor's request for advice on improving small talk capabilities from the perspectives of interaction ritual (Goffman 1967), balancing obligations (Ohashi 2008, 2013, 2021) and typology of speech acts (Edmondson & House 1981; House & Kádár 2022b).
Bacterial cellulose: A smart biomaterial for biomedical applications
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh , Singh Mukesh Kumar , Singh Annika
Published: August 2023

The escalating curiosity in bacterial cellulose (BC) due to exceptional attributes such as purity, biodegradability, non-toxicity, porous fibrillar structure, and high water retention potential expand its applications to tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, and cosmetics. BC has proved highly prospective to be used to manufacture innovative wound care solutions, drug carriers and delivering complexes. The drug-carrying BC found enormous applications in dental therapies, wound care, and scare-free wound management. Various degradation techniques of BC under antibiotic environments and physiological conditions offer different advantages in drug design. The drug loading capacity of BC can be increased by in situ modifications of its fibrillar network. The BC-based scaffolds compounded with other materials such as nanopolymers have explored new frontiers for BC applications in auspicious biomedicinal product developments. BC can accommodate different nanoparticles, biomaterials, synthetic materials, carbon materials, and plant extracts, which allows using BC in various biomedical and cosmetic products.

Graphical abstract
Sar interferometry for landslide investigation and surface deformation monitoring: a case study of Souk Ahras area, north-east of Algeria
Authors: Gueraidia Nour El Houda , Gueraidia Saida , Fehdi Chemseddine
Published: August 2023

Landslides – natural disasters be caused by various factors - are frequent in the region surrounding Souk Ahras. Comprehensive fieldwork, such as geotechnical drilling investigations and soil excavations, is conducted to monitor ground movements and assess the feasibility of geological locations. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and other active satellite remote sensors are utilized in Earth Observation-based systems to identify and track ground deformation and landslides in the study area. This research aims to illustrate how open-source processing software, SNAP, provided by the European Space Agency, can be combined with freely available datasets from Copernicus to accomplish this goal. In the North Eastern part of Algeria, which includes Souk Ahras, there is a high risk of landslides Through the use of InSAR technology, the research provided satisfactory results in identifying the morphology of landslides and generating a large-scale interferometric map covering several regions in the East of Algeria, revealing the extent of distortion and spacing caused by the landslide phenomenon.
Terrestrial laser scanning in inventory control of wildlife in a municipal park in Wrocław
Authors: Klemiński Eryk , Kasza Damian
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of an experiment related to wildlife inventory control with the use of data from terrestrial laser scanning. The measurements were performed with the terrestrial laser scanning system - Riegl VZ-400i. The study area was the Obrońców Westerplatte square in Wrocław. The collected measurement data were pre-processed in a commercial - dedicated RiSCAN Pro environment. Operations related to point cloud georeferencing and its filtering were performed. The tree parameters were measured on the basis of a cloud point obtained in field surveys. This operation was performed with the use of the 3D Forest software. The investigations covered the main parameters of the tree (height and diameter) along with additional parameters, such as the distance between two points of the tree located furthest apart, the surface area of the orthogonal projection of the tree on the reference surface (terrain surface) and the height of the tree crown above the terrain surface. As a result of the performed analyses, an inventory of 70 trees was made within the Obrońców Westerplatte square in Wrocław. Part of the experiment was also to prepare a 3D model of a tree by using some available modeling algorithms. This part was performed in Sequoia software - dedicated to such operations. The software offers three modeling algorithms: Zhu/Bridson, metaballs and union of spheres.
Assessment of the Digital Potential of the Bricks Countries in the Formation of the New Geopolitical Order
Authors:   Moscow University for Industry and Finance “Synergy”, Plyasova Svetlana , Bondareva Natalia ,   Moscow University for Industry and Finance “Synergy”, Gridnev Yuri ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
Published: August 2023

The relevance of the research is determined by increasing trends in the changing landscape of the global economy and the redistribution of forces of economic influence between developed and developing countries. In this context, it is necessary to assess the digital potential of developing countries in order to determine the possibilities for their future development and achievement of global leadership. The purpose of the study is to analyze the specifics of the BRICS countries’ digital development at the current stage, which is characterized by a high level of turbulence, and to identify the areas of public policy that will help them build their digital potential. Research objectives are to analyze the main indicators that characterize the BRICS countries’ digital potential, to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the BRICS countries’ digital potential and their position in the global economy, to identify the areas of public policy that contribute to building the BRICS countries’ digital potential in the global landscape. The authors evaluated the available digital potential of the BRICS countries and also carried out a comparative analysis of their capabilities with the potential of the most developed countries under conditions of external turbulence. It was revealed that the digital potential of the BRICS countries is lower than that of the most developed countries due to weaker digital infrastructure, but increasing digital activity in times of turbulence opens up new opportunities for them to realize their potential. The implementation of public policy in key areas of digital development will help align the BRICS integration association with the group of developed countries and may be the beginning of a new stage in the reconfiguration of the global economy.
Institutional Environment for the Implementation of Investment Behavior of Households
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Evloeva Aminat
Published: August 2023

The article examines the process of formation of the domestic institutional environment of investment activity of households. The author identifies three periods of the formation of this environment, each of which has its own qualitative characteristics. In particular, in the pre-revolutionary period, households with personal freedom showed investment activity, i.e. the vast majority of the population was unable to form an accumulation fund due to their dependent position. Despite the fact that during the Soviet period, citizens formally acquired the appropriate rights, the prohibition on owning private property significantly limited the possibilities of using investment instruments. In fact, the institutional environment made it possible to form an accumulation fund by investing deposits and, in particular cases, purchasing bonds. The modern period of development of the institutional environment can also be divided into two sub-periods – the period of formation (1991–2004) and the period of activation of investment activity of households (from 2004 to the present). It should be noted that neither at the stage of formation, nor at the present time, the relevant legislation has been formed, the purpose of which would be to stimulate the inclusion of households in investment processes, which, according to the author, is a significant omission, since it is the legal norms that are one of the foundations of the functioning of institutions. In this regard, the state investment policy is of particular importance. Based on the analysis carried out in the study, it was determined that in relation to the household, the state sets such related goals as improving living standards and forming a passive income fund. In addition, in the conditions of the sanctions impact on the national economy of the Russian Federation, the institutional environment should correspond to the goal of accumulating free funds of the population.
THE COMPONENTS THAT MAKE ATTRACTIVE TO ROCK FORMATION LANDSCAPES: A CASE STUDY IN GOREME/NEVSEHIR
Authors: ÖZHANCI Esra
Published: August 2023

Aim: There are various types of landscapes in the world and different characteristics that form them. Landscapes that are rare and uniquely distinguish this distinction. The aim of the study is to evaluate the Göreme (Nevşehir) region, which has an extremist landscape with its landforms, natural and cultural history and all its richness, in terms of visual components, and to use the obtained data in order to reveal the value of cultural heritage and to protect the visual integrity within the area and plans for this it is done. Method: In the study, the elements that form the basis of the local landscape are discussed in terms of holistic and fractal structure. The effect of repeated landscape elements on the image, the effects and contributions of other elements were evaluated. These fairy chimneys and rocky formations form the region alone, together with man-made elements integrated with them in the history process. It is not known whether this extrem landscape is only with its natural rocky structure or with the natural and artificial elements in the region to create a whole landscape perception. What these elements are and their effect levels are questioned. Results: Familiarity appeared in sharp rock formations, the image, which received a high score in terms of landscape beauty, has been the landscapes where the topographic structure is at the forefront (M=8,21). Plant presence has increased the appreciation in terms of class (Scene A6, M=7,24), the parts that make up the landscape expressed a high value as a whole and the repeated elements increased the perceptual and visual value. For this purpose, 5 photographs with high representational value and fractal structure of the field were selected. These photographs were presented to the participants in parts and asked to evaluate them. The results obtained by various statistical analyzes were digitized. Conclusions: The structures and environments created by human intervention should be kept as living traces, and the wavy topography should be preserved. The effect of landscape should be strengthened with suitable plant species in active use areas, cultural elements should be carried to the next generations.
AN IOT BASED APPLICATION ON THE DETECTION OF CAR PARKING AREA BY AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPROACH
Authors: KARAKAYA Oguzhan , GÜLTEKİN Fikret Mert , BAŞKAYA Mert , DOĞAN Yunus
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, smart cities solutions have been becoming popular day by day. The problem of finding a parking place is one of these implementations. Our study appeals to users who want to park their vehicle quickly and who want to find out whether the parking place is available to park before searching for a parking place. This application aims to find a solution to the problem of searching for a place to park. We have found a novel solution to this problem by using image processing methods and utilizing photographs of streetside parking places in the most effective way. In addition, an Android software has been developed through which we can deliver the results obtained with the image processing module to users via a mobile application. As a result, a parking IoT determination system has been implemented in this study with 92% accuracy value. Thanks to this system, vehicle owners who want to park their vehicles on the side of the street will be able to learn whether the parking places in a street are available in advance and they will be able to save their time by preferring more available streets.
Public and Private Interests in Modern Private Law in Russia: unity in diversity
Authors: Rodionova O. M.
Published: August 2023

The article analyzes the problem of understanding public and private interests at the present stage of development of public relations regulated in Russia by private law. Based on the conducted research, the author concludes that the opposition of public interest to private is unreasonable, since its carrier is a specific individual. Public and private interest in private law are a single whole in cases of high public importance, characteristic of relations related to the provision of actions at their discretion, especially in connection with the establishment of rights to things, the results of intellectual activity, the protection of personal non-property rights. At the same time, one should not underestimate the importance of private interest, the legal form of which is necessary to concretize its provision in a strictly defined sphere of public relations related to meeting the needs of one person by the actions of another, in particular, in contractual, as well as legal relations related to participation in civil law communities, including corporate ones. Such an approach to the correlation of private and public interests makes it possible to expand and clarify their understanding, highlighting civil law values and values of civil law communities, general and special civil law interests, as well as general and special interests of civil law communities, the interests of individual individuals.
Examining the Relationship between Residential Greenspace and Pediatric Asthma Exacerbation through Exposure Response, Effect Modification, Mediation, and Spatial Variation
Authors:   , Yen Yun-Ting , De Roos Anneclaire
Published: August 2023

The presence of greenspace, a characteristic of the built environment that promotes human health, may help prevent asthma exacerbations by reducing air pollution and alleviating stress. This study aims to clarify the relationship between residential greenspace and pediatric asthma exacerbations and inform effective environmental interventions. From 2011-2016, electronic health records were compiled from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia health care system and linked to residential greenspace measures to establish a cohort of asthmatic children living in the Greater Philadelphia Metropolitan area of Pennsylvania. The relationship between greenspace measures and asthma exacerbations was investigated, as well as the pathways through which they are mediated and modified, and their spatial heterogeneity. There was an inverse association between residential greenspace and childhood asthma exacerbations, and it varied by type of greenspace (i.e., tree canopy, grass/shrub coverage, overall greenness), subgroups of patients (e.g., minority racial and ethnic groups, allergy patients), atmospheric air pollution concentrations, geographical extent (i.e., buffer distances around the child's home), and geographical context (i.e., Philadelphia versus non-Philadelphia). At small buffer distances (250, 500m), higher grass/shrub coverage was associated with 10-18% of lower asthma exacerbations in the non-Philadelphia group, while at larger buffer distances (1000, 2000m), inverse relationships were observed both between tree canopy or grass/shrub coverage and asthma exacerbations in the Philadelphia and non-Philadelphia groups. Asthma exacerbations were modified but not mediated by ambient air pollution levels. When ambient NO2 concentration was high, the highest quartile of tree canopy coverage (within 1000m of children's homes) was associated with a 11% lower incidence of asthma exacerbations (HR=0.89, 95% CI=0.77, 1.02), while on days with low NO2 concentrations, it was linked with a 17% increased incidence (HR=1.17, 95% CI=1.01, 1.35). It did not appear that variations in residential greenspace explained the spatial patterning of asthma exacerbations. Additionally, the relationship between greenspace and asthma exacerbations was not spatially heterogeneous to a statistically significant extent. Results indicate that greenspace type, patient subgroups, regional context, and air pollution play a significant role in greenspace impacts; this information can be incorporated into future planning regarding greenspace installation to improve asthma outcomes for children.
Should the Federal Reserve Issue a Digital Currency as Virtual Legal Tender? An Econo-legal Analysis Based on China’s Master Plan for De-dollarization
Authors: Hung Alvin Hoi-Chun
Published: August 2023

Mainstream discussion on whether the Federal Reserve should issue a central bank digital currency (CBDC) as virtual legal tender focuses on five aspects related to the American domestic environment -- efficiency, privacy, safety and security, financial inclusion and exclusion, and impact on the current economic systems and monetary policies. This article takes a new and broader perspective on this critical issue by investigating how China, being the arch-international competitor of the US, has formulated a well-designed and structured master plan supported by various econo-legal strategies to pursue the objective of de-dollarization through the utilization of a China-currency-based CBDC with “controllable anonymity” and different multicurrency exchange and settlement platforms. Given the reality that de-dollarization will inevitably weaken the ubiquitous platform of international trade and payment of the US dollar (USD), can the Federal Reserve use the same tool, a USD-based CBDC, to counteract or even reverse the declining trend of the American currency’s versatility and far-reaching capability? This article recommends that the Federal Reserve can slow down the de-dollarization movement by issuing a CBDC at both the wholesale and retail levels, emphasizing the control of the former while having more cooperation with private banks for the latter.
El reconocimiento de la brecha digital para garantizar el acceso efectivo a la administración de justicia civil
Authors: Becerra Chinchilla Ricardo Alfonso
Published: August 2023

This reflective article is intended to demonstrate the limitations in effective access to the administration of justice mediated by information technologies, paying special attention to the legal advances and challenges of the last decade. It aims to determine whether the technological tools currently intended for actions in civil jurisdiction facilitate access to justice or increase the digital divide among people who are in vulnerable conditions. Likewise, a comparative exercise was conducted to study the implementation of digital justice in civil jurisdiction in Germany and Mexico, in order to gain an understanding of the state of information technology implementation in other countries. To achieve this, a qualitative-systematic method of information search was used, guided by documentary review and inquiries into primary and secondary sources. This approach resulted in a descriptive analysis of the gathered information. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of the Colombian context and the laws governing these new actions mediated by information technologies was achieved. This analysis revealed a clear and explicit relationship between the digital divide in Colombian households and the effective access to justice in civil jurisdiction within the country.
Development of pressure infiltration preparation of metal matrix composites
Authors: Zhao Haofeng , Zhang Lingfeng , He Yiheng , Ma Zhiguo
Published: August 2023

This paper summarizes the process of metal matrix composites from pressure infiltration preparation to pressure ultrasonic assisted infiltration to pressure solvent assisted infiltration. The advantages of preparing metal matrix composites by pressure infiltration alone are low cost and convenient for mass production. However, the equipment and process requirements are too high, and the quality of composite materials can not be guaranteed. Because of the high pressure of ultrasound, ultrasonic infiltration has become an auxiliary physical method for the preparation of metal matrix composites by pressure infiltration. But this method tends to damage the fibers. Therefore, the fibers need to be coated. The coating on the fiber surface is divided into metal coating and non-metal coating. Some people mixed SiC particles or whiskers in continuous carbon fibers to prepare aluminum alloy composite materials, forming a hybrid assisted infiltration method. Later, people began to pay attention to the flux-assisted role of pressure infiltration. Therefore, solvent-assisted infiltration of fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites has become an important research field.
Betonarme Perdelerin Kesme Güvenliğinin TBDY-2018’e Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: SEÇKİN Aytuğ , DORAN Bilge
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışmada, betonarme perdelerin tasarım kesme kuvvetinin yeterliliği Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği 2018 (TBDY-2018) esaslarına göre araştırılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, taşıyıcı sistemi süneklik düzeyi yüksek betonarme çerçevelerden ve perdelerden oluşan 20 katlı bir binada doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan analizler yürütülmüştür. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle 20 katlı bir binanın dayanıma göre tasarımı mod birleştirme yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarlanmış binada, yatay elastik tasarım spektrumuna göre eşleştirilmiş 11 deprem kaydı etkisi altında zaman tanım alanında doğrusal olmayan analizler yapılmıştır. Doğrusal analizlerden elde edilen tasarım kesme kuvvetleri ve doğrusal olmayan analizlerden elde edilen kesme talepleri, incelenen dikdörtgen ve L-kesitli perdelerin yükseklikleri boyunca karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, L-kesitli perdede hesaplanan tasarım kesme kuvvetinin talep değerini karşılamada yetersiz kaldığı görülmüştür. Betonarme perdelerin kesme talepleri, modifiye edilmiş modal süperpozisyon yaklaşımı (MMS) ile de hesaplanmış ve bu yaklaşımın TBDY-2018’e uygulanabilirliği incelenen perdeler üzerinde test edilmiştir.
Type 2 biliary perforation successfully managed with early insertion of self-expandable metal stent
Authors: KURT İdris
Published: August 2023

Perforations after endoscopic retrograde colangiopancreatography (ERCP) are divided into four types. Type 1 refers to the duodenum, type 2 the periampullary region, type 3 the bile duct itself, and type 4 the observation of retroperitoneal free air on cross-sectional imaging. The treatment of type 2 biliary perforations remains debatable. We present a patient who was successfully treated with a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) without the need for surgery or any complications.
Reflexiones sobre la posición del Tribunal Constitucional peruano respecto a los intereses moratorios en materia tributaria
Authors: Durán Rojo Luis , Arbieto Alfaro Hugo Martín
Published: August 2023

A partir de la publicación del precedente vinculante del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la inaplicación de los intereses moratorios en materia tributaria por la demora en resolver de la Administración Tributaria, del Tribunal Fiscal y del Poder Judicial, los autores analizan el rol del Tribunal Constitucional en la creación de precedente vinculantes, la naturaleza jurídica de los intereses moratorios y evalúan, desde la perspectiva legal y constitucional, si la inaplicación de los intereses, durante este plazo en exceso, constituye una respuesta adecuada, proporcional y razonable frente al problema de la demora en la resolución de conflictos tributarios.
Effect of Nano Chitosan Concentration and Storage Temperature on the Physical Characteristics of Edible Films of Black Mangrove Starch-Chitosan
Authors: Mile Lukman , Nursyam Happy , Setijawati Dwi , Sulistiyati Titik Dwi
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Edible films made from chitosan and starch materials have several physical limitations, particularly in terms of tensile strength and elongation. To address these limitations, glycerol and sorbitol are often added as plasticizers during the production process. Chitosan has also been reported to have plasticizing properties and can serve as an alternative through its modification into nano-sized particles, thereby increasing its reactivity. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the physical properties of edible films made from black mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) fruit starch and chitosan by adding nano chitosan suspension at different storage temperatures to determine the best treatment. A completely randomized factorial design was used, and the data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level with IBM SPSS statistics 25. The treatments used included the addition of nano chitosan suspension (A) at various concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% with storage (B) for 0 days, 9 days at room temperature, and 9 days at cold storage (± 50C) in triplicates. The significant treatments were then further tested using Honestly Significant Difference (sig < 0.05). The results showed that the addition of nano chitosan suspension with storage method affected the physical properties of the edible films. Based on the De Garmo analysis, the best treatment was A1B0 with an IE of 0.71, followed by A3B1 and A3B2 with 0.48 and 0.49, respectively.
ADAPTATION OF YOUNG INMATES TO INCARCERATION: MACEDONIAN CASE
Authors:   Faculty of Security – Skopje, Stefanovska Stojkovska Vesna
Published: August 2023

The incarceration is stressful and traumatic experience for everyone. The inmates can adopt different coping or adjustment strategies to the new environment. What they adopt depends on the environmental factors and personal characteristics, as well as of their own sense of protection from victimization. In the literature, three types of adaptation are predominantly recognized: cooperation, withdrawal and resistance and violent behavior. Based on that, this paper examines the manifestation and connection of different adopting strategies of young inmates with their personal as well as institutional features during incarceration. The analysis is based on qualitative data collected by using in-depth interviews with incarcerated young inmates in one educational-correctional facility. The main findings pertain to the recognition that young inmates have adopted several coping strategies in order to adopt to the prison life, but mainly develop violent behaviour during their incarceration. This small scale survey is particularly valuable in filling up the exiting empirical gap and findings within criminological literature and might be used as basis for developing prerequisites for eliminating, or at least, mitigating negative consequences of the deprivations related to loss of liberty, security, autonomy etc. generated by pains of imprisonment. Key words: adaptation, young inmates, incarceration, correctional facility, circle of violence
HUMAN RESOURCES OF CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA IN THE FUNCTION OF ECONOMIC SECURITY
Authors:   Customs Administration of the Republic of Serbia, Kladovo Customs Office, Nikolić Đurica , Čudan Aleksandar ,   University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade
Published: August 2023

Together with the new tectonic geopolitical changes, the consequences of pandemic, the escalation of global economic crisis and the disturbances at the financial market, the economy of the Republic of Serbia at the beginning of a new millenium has entered a turbulent stage of development. The link between economics, economy and human resouces, on the one hand and national security on the other is complex and multiple. For a number of years the Customs Administration of the Republic of Serbia has been developing both technically and technologically, introducing new and developing the existing information and telecommunication systems for information exchange not only within the Customs Administration of the Republic of Serbia, but also with foreing customs services. It is necessary to undertake urgent measures which need to be fast and systematic in order for the customs service to employ young people, which would over time result in its successful and efficient functioning. The results of this research can be used to highlight the significance of economic security within the system of national security. The manner of research includes selection and application of scientific methods, the selection of data and the scope of research. The significance of the research lies in the fact that the role of human resources of the Customs Administration of the Republic of Serbia is in the function of economic security as an insufficiently researched subject and factor. Key words: human resources, Customs Administration, economic security, development
UNMANNED AIRCRAFT: CIVIL USE AND THREATS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors:   Faculty of Security - Skopje, Trajcevska Daniela
Published: August 2023

In the last decade we have been witnessing the expansive development of the Unmanned Aircraft (UNR) in the world also known as “drones”. Initially, they were developed in the military sector during the World War II, but today they have a mass application for military and civilian goals. The Governments in the World usually use drones for reconnaissance, surveillance, or combined target acquisition and precision strikes, and they also carry out a wider range of tasks for commercial uses including transport in delivery of goods, agriculture, civil infrastructure inspection, search and rescue, aerial images and videos, wireless covering, for leisure use by private individuals, etc. In the Republic of North Macedonia about 1000 UNR are used by civilian personnel and companies;1 only 84 UNR were registered in the Civil Aviation Agency of the Republic of North Macedonia (CAA)2 during the last year. Most of the flights with UNR on the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia are carried out more in urban areas than in rural, and 40% of the flights were made in Skopje from June to December 2018. In the upcoming years, following the world trends, the development of the UNR technology, the relatively low price (from few tens up to a hundred thousand of euros) and the big accessibility, will cause a rapid proliferation in the civil use of UARs in the country. Of course, the large diffusion of UARs raises a series of discussions about the security and privacy of the people and their property and risks to other airspace user. In this paper we will present an overview of UAVs applicability and potential threats in the civil sector in the Republic of North Macedonia. The main source of data are statistical data from CAA. Various contents (study papers, newspaper articles, interviews, guides, regulations, etc.) related to the civil use of UAVs and the threats of it, will be analyzed. Keywords: Unmanned Aircraft (UNR), drone, civil use of UNR, threat
DIGITALIZATION IN THE GERMAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
Authors:   Research Assistant at Goethe University Frankfurt/Germany, Orak Berna
Published: August 2023

The German health care system will have to overcome big challenges in the following years. According to a study on the digital-health-index by the BertelsmannStiftung in 2018, Germany is placed last but one out of 17 states. The processing of health data is too bureaucratic and administrations have to deal with piles of paperwork every day. To counteract this development, the government extends investments in innovation funds and passes laws that enable the use of digital technologies. The benefits of digitalizing the health care system are expected to be high, e.g., reducing the costs of statutory health insurances by preventing diseases and improved findings in health services research. These are a few of the many expected values. But what about the risks and dangers? Are we neglecting important rights and freedoms to accelerate the process of digitalization for the advantage of health institutions potentially? How can we assure that digitalization serves the interests of the common good and of vulnerable patients? By testing the latest developments in the German health care system, the article concentrates on potential risks in regard to data protection. Due to the sensitivity of health data, fitting technical premises and persistent supervision by independent authorities need to be developed. To ensure consumer and patient safety it is of utmost importance that applied health care tools are of high quality and guarantee data security and privacy. However, it remains the challenge of the policymakers to avoid overregulation and enable innovation. Key words: health data, digitalization, data protection, privacy
COMPARATIVE ANALISIS OF THE COMPETENCES BETWEEN THE POLITICAL AND SECURITY COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   Faculty of Security – Skopje, Arsovski Marjan
Published: August 2023

Following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union remains intergovernmental in nature, similar to the former European political cooperation in the second pillar, but with some new administrative and institutional changes in the way it is formulated. The most important question is the relationship between the Coreper - permanent representatives in Brussels and the Intergovernmental Political Committee. In this context, the research is aimed at analyzing the mutual relations between the Committee of Permanent Representatives and the Political and Security Committee in forwarding questions to the Council of the European Union regarding the Common and External Security Policy of the European Union. Keywords: Committee of the Permanent Representatives, Political and Security Committee