bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A global phylogenomic and metabolic reconstruction of the large intestine bacterial community of domesticated cattle
Authors: Teseo S. , Otani S. , Brinch C. , Leroy S. , Ruiz P. , Desvaux M. , Forano E. , Aarestrup F. M. , Sapountzis P.
Published: September 2022

Background

The large intestine is a colonization site of beneficial microbes complementing the nutrition of cattle but also of zoonotic and animal pathogens. Here, we present the first global gene catalog of cattle fecal microbiomes, a proxy of the large intestine microbiomes, from 436 metagenomes from six countries.

Results

Phylogenomics suggested that the reconstructed genomes and their close relatives form distinct branches and produced clustering patterns that were reminiscent of the metagenomics sample origin. Bacterial taxa had distinct metabolic profiles, and complete metabolic pathways were mainly linked to carbohydrates and amino acids metabolism. Dietary changes affected the community composition, diversity, and potential virulence. However, predicted enzymes, which were part of complete metabolic pathways, remained present, albeit encoded by different microbes.

Conclusions

Our findings provide a global insight into the phylogenetic relationships and the metabolic potential of a rich yet understudied bacterial community and suggest that it provides valuable services to the host. However, we tentatively infer that members of that community are not irreplaceable, because similar to previous findings, symbionts of complex bacterial communities of mammals are expendable if there are substitutes that can perform the same task.
Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive responses to the combined impact of salinity and alkalinity in Gymnocypris przewalskii
Authors: Wei Fulei , Liang Jian , Tian Wengen , Yu Luxian , Feng Zhaohui , Hua Qiang
Published: September 2022

Gymnocypris przewalskiiis the only high-land endemic teleost living in Qinghai Lake, the largest saline–alkaline lake in China. Its osmoregulatory physiology remains elusive due to a lack of precise identification of the response proteins. In the present study, DIA/SWATH was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) under alkaline (pH = 10.1, carbonate buffer), saline (12‰, sodium chloride), and saline–alkaline [carbonate buffer (pH = 10.1) plus 11‰ sodium chloride] stresses. A total of 66,056 unique peptides representing 7,150 proteins and 230 DEPs [the false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05, fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5] were identified under different stresses. Comparative analyses of the proteome and transcriptome indicated that over 86% of DEPs did not show consistent trends with mRNA. In addition to consistent enrichment results under different stresses, the specific DEPs involved in saline–alkaline adaptation were primarily enriched in functions of homeostasis, hormone synthesis and reactions of defense response, complement activation and reproductive development. Meanwhile, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of these specific DEPs indicated that the hub genes were ITGAX, MMP9, C3, F2, CD74, BTK, ANXA1, NCKAP1L, and CASP8. This study accurately isolated the genes that respond to stress, and the results could be helpful for understanding the physiological regulation mechanisms regarding salinity, alkalinity, and salinity–alkalinity interactions.

Graphical Abstract
Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer with situs inversus totalis: a case report
Authors: Fujita Shunsuke , Etoh Tsuyoshi , Kono Yohei , Fujishima Hajime , Suzuki Kosuke , Ninomiya Shigeo , Ueda Yoshitake , Shiroshita Hidefumi , Shiraishi Norio , Inomata Masafumi
Published: September 2022

Background

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a relatively rare condition, in which the thoracic and abdominal organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions. Here, we reported a case of a patient with SIT and advanced gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG).

Case presentation

A 67-year-old man with SIT was clinically diagnosed with T3N2M0 advanced gastric cancer located in the middle gastric body. Three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomography angiogram revealed that the common hepatic artery originated from the superior mesenteric artery. The patient underwent LDG with D2 lymph node dissection and Roux-en-Y reconstruction. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusion

This case report showed that LDG could be safely performed on a patient even under complex conditions, such as advanced gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis with SIT and vascular anomalies.
Successful laparoscopic repair for reduction en masse of infantile inguinal hernia: a case report of this rare condition
Authors: Yano Keisuke , Sugita Koshiro , Yamada Koji , Matsui Mayu , Yamada Waka , Kedoin Chihiro , Murakami Masakazu , Harumatsu Toshio , Onishi Shun , Kawano Takafumi , Muto Mitsuru , Ieiri Satoshi
Published: September 2022

Background

Reduction en masse (REM) is a rare condition following manual inguinal hernia (IH) reduction in which a hernia sac is reduced back into the preperitoneal space with a loop of the bowel incarcerated at the neck of the sac. It resembles successful manual reduction and may thus be overlooked easily. We herein report an infantile case of REM of an IH that was successfully treated laparoscopically.

Case presentation

A 10-month-old boy with a surgical history of bilateral open IH repair at 4 months old presented with a bulge in his left groin and vomiting. A left incarcerated recurrent IH was suspected, and manual reduction was performed. The hernia was apparently reduced successfully, but abdominal distention and vomiting persisted. He was admitted for further observation due to the symptoms. On day 2 after admission, abdominal X-ray showed extensive small bowel obstruction (SBO). Enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed protrusion of the small bowel with a closed-loop in the left groin. A closed-loop SBO due to postoperative adhesion or an internal hernia was suspected. To assess the etiology of SBO, emergent laparoscopic exploration with hernia repair was planned. Laparoscopy revealed REM of the left incarcerated IH with a thickened peritoneum at the neck of the sac. Laparoscopic reduction was performed, and the incarcerated small bowel showed no signs of ischemia. The hernia sac was not associated with the previously ligated processes vaginalis, which had been closed by a previous Potts’ procedure. It was located at the inside of the processes vaginalis. The sac was successfully closed by laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure procedures, and iliopubic tract repair was also performed via the previous inguinal incision. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusion

Pediatric IH is due to the patent processes vaginalis, and REM is extremely rare. Laparoscopic surgery for REM is a relatively common and useful approach for the diagnosis and treatment of adults. In our infantile case, the laparoscopic approach was similarly effective for both investigating the cause of SBO and performing high ligation of the sac for this rare condition with IH.
Description of a telephone and Internet-based intervention to improve community responses to COVID-19 spread
Authors: Guruge Galmangoda Najith Duminda , Rathnayake Nadeeka , Abhayasinghe Kalpani
Published: September 2022

Background

This paper describes the process and results of a health promotion intervention to engage lay communities using telephone and online communication, to improve their current responses to the spread of COVID-19.

Methods

An intervention was conducted from March to July 2020 in three districts of Sri Lanka. Seven ‘trigger’ stories were shared through telephone or online communication to stimulate brainstorming and to engage selected community members. Determinants were identified and prioritised through discussions, and potentially beneficial actions were implemented as agreed by participants. The process was monitored, outcomes were evaluated monthly, and activities were modified according to ongoing observations.

Results

A total of 638 families (both adults and children) involved actively in implementing useful actions and reported an increased sense of personal control. Potential risk groups, best feasible community safety precautions and preparation to face challenges in the event of infection reaching their community were identified during brainstorming sessions with community mobilisers. A majority reported that they felt more confident, united and less anxious about handling potential risks and problems. Other beneficial outcomes include lifestyle changes leading to healthier behaviours and a sense of greater control over the conditions that govern their lives.

Conclusion

Use of telephone and online communication was effective in generating desirable community changes.
Identification of tubulointerstitial genes and ceRNA networks involved in diabetic nephropathy via integrated bioinformatics approaches
Authors: Cao Haiyan , Rao Xiaosheng , Jia Junya , Yan Tiekun , Li Dong
Published: September 2022

Background

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The mechanism of tubulointerstitial lesions in DN is not fully elucidated. This article aims to identify novel genes and clarify the molecular mechanisms for the progression of DN through integrated bioinformatics approaches.

Method

We downloaded microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Enrichment analyses, construction of Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and visualization of the co-expressed network between mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) were performed. Additionally, we validated the expression of hub genes and analyzed the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve in another GEO dataset. Clinical analysis and ceRNA networks were further analyzed.

Results

Totally 463 DEGs were identified, and enrichment analyses demonstrated that extracellular matrix structural constituents, regulation of immune effector process, positive regulation of cytokine production, phagosome, and complement and coagulation cascades were the major enriched pathways in DN. Three hub genes (CD53, CSF2RB, and LAPTM5) were obtained, and their expression levels were validated by GEO datasets. Pearson analysis showed that these genes were negatively correlated with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). After literature searching, the ceRNA networks among circRNAs/IncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were constructed. The predicted RNA pathway of NEAT1/XIST-hsa-miR-155-5p/hsa-miR-486-5p-CSF2RB provides an important perspective and insights into the molecular mechanism of DN.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we identified three genes, namely CD53, CSF2RB, and LAPTM5, as hub genes of tubulointerstitial lesions in DN. They may be closely related to the pathogenesis of DN and the predicted RNA regulatory pathway of NEAT1/XIST-hsa-miR-155-5p/hsa-miR-486-5p-CSF2RB presents a biomarker axis to the occurrence and development of DN.
A re-assessment of Taxomyces andreanae, the alleged taxol-producing fungus, using comparative genomics
Authors: Cheng Tian , Kolařík Miroslav , Quijada Luis , Stadler Marc
Published: September 2022

The monotypic “bulbilliferous hyphomycete” genus Taxomyces was erected in 1993 for a fungal endophyte isolated from the Yew tree Taxus brevifolia and named Taxomyces andreanae. This fungus was reported to produce the plant-derived anti-cancer drug taxol. The original description of the fungus was not conclusive as to its taxonomic position because no sporulation or other salient morphological features were reported. Consequently, the taxonomic affinities of this fungus have remained obscure. However, a full genome sequence of this strain was generated by a German research group in 2013, in an unsuccessful attempt to detect the biosynthesis genes encoding for taxol. This prompted us to search for phylogenetic marker genes and compare those with the data that recently have become available from state-of-the-art polyphasic taxonomic studies. Surprisingly, the strain turned out to belong to the phlebioid clade of wood-destroying Basidiomycota as inferred from a comparison of its partial ITS, the 28S rDNA (LSU), the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (rpb1), the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) sequences. A multi gene genealogy based on these loci revealed that the closest relative is Ceriporiopsis (syn. Mycoacia) gilvescens. Even though such wood-destroying Basidiomycota are regularly encountered among the endophytic isolates after surface-disinfection of plant organs, the vast majority of the reported endophytic fungi belong to the Ascomycota. Nevertheless, the data available now allow for synonymizing Taxomyces with Ceriporiopsis, and the necessary new combination is made.
How to Feed an Empire?
Authors: Sollai Michele
Published: September 2022

In 1937—one year after the Fascist “conquest” of Ethiopia—the Italian East African Empire was on the brink of an economic and food crisis. In order to feed the newborn empire's growing Italian population, Mussolini's regime launched a call for agricultural mobilization meant to rapidly make the empire self-sufficient in wheat, the main staple of the Italian population. This article analyzes the scientific foundations of the program of imperial “wheat autarky” and its materialization during the “wheat campaigns” between 1938 and 1941, particularly focusing on the introduction of and experimentation with hybrid wheat seeds in the Ethiopian highlands. The article shows the key role played by Italian agronomists and plant breeders in the framing and implementation of wheat autarky in the Fascist empire. Contrary to the historical emphasis of Fascist propaganda on the technological and human colonization of Ethiopia by Italian agriculture, the article also argues for the crucial position of indigenous farming within the colonial project of wheat development. Finally, Ethiopia's environments and its nonhuman actors became essential protagonists in the unfolding of these agricultural plans. The article makes the case for viewing wheat rust—a fungal plant disease—as a key component of the evolution and demise of the Italian occupation of Ethiopia.
A microfluidic platform to investigate the role of mechanical constraints on tissue reorganization
Authors: Tlili Sham L. , Graner François , Delanoë-Ayari Hélène
Published: September 2022

Mechanical constraints have a high impact on development processes, and there is a need for new tools to investigate the role of mechanosensitive pathways in tissue reorganization during development. We present here experiments in which embryonic cell aggregates are aspired through constrictions in microfluidic channels, generating highly heterogeneous flows and large cell deformations that can be imaged using two-photon microscopy. This approach provides a way to measure in situ local viscoelastic properties of 3D tissues and connect them to intracellular and intercellular events, such as cell shape changes and cell rearrangements. These methods could be applied to organoids to investigate and quantify rheological properties of tissues, and to understand how constraints affect development.
When predictions about the "what", "where" and "when" interact with statistical learning, from a behavioural and neural perspective
Authors: Τσογλή Βαρβάρα
Published: September 2022

Ως ακροατές έχουμε την τάση να εντοπίζουμε μοτίβα σε ό,τι ακούμε, είτε πρόκειται για μουσική, γλώσσα ή αφηρημένους ήχους. Ο θεμελιώδης νοητικός μηχανισμός που υποστηρίζει αυτή τη διαδικασία ονομάζεται στατιστική μάθηση. Η πρόβλεψη, ως διαδικασία, βρίσκεται στο επίκεντρο της στατιστικής μάθησης, με την έννοια ότι η ακρίβεια των προβλέψεων επηρεάζει τη μάθηση, είτε αυτή είναι συνειδητή είτε ασυνείδητη. Πολυάριθμες μελέτες έχουν διερευνήσει τις προβλεπτικές διαδικασίες κατά τη διάρκεια της στατιστικής μάθησης τόσο από συμπεριφορική όσο και από νευρωνική σκοπιά. Ωστόσο, παραμένει άγνωστο πώς οι ακροατές αντιδρούν σε γεγονότα που παραβιάζουν τις προβλέψεις τους, οι οποίες βασίζονται σε προηγούμενη ασυνείδητη μάθηση. Με άλλα λόγια, αν η έκθεση σε μια ακολουθία ήχων που ακολουθεί ένα πρότυπο δημιουργεί συγκεκριμένες προσδοκίες για τους επερχόμενους ήχους, τότε πώς αντιδρά ο εγκέφαλος όταν παραβιάζονται αυτές τις προσδοκίες; Αυτό αποτέλεσε το πρωταρχικό ερευνητικό ερώτημα της παρούσας διατριβής, και διαφορετικές πτυχές του κύριου ερωτήματος εξετάστηκαν σε τρία πειράματα.
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Chimarrogale leander (Insectivora: Soricidae)
Authors: Miao Yongxin , Li Yidi , Mei Yaqing , Chen Cheng , Sun Liling , Zhang Baowei , Wang Hui
Published: September 2022

Background: Chimarrogale leander is a species of the family Soricidae and is mainly distributed in southern China.

Methods: Here, a complete mitochondrial genome for C. leander was assembled via high-throughput sequencing technology.

Results The results showed that the complete mitogenome of C. leander is 17,357 bp and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and one control region. The nucleotide composition is A: 33.1%, T: 31.5%, C: 22.5% and G: 12.9%. Through the phylogenetic analysis of complete mitochondrial genome, it is found that C. leander has a close genetic relationship with Nectogale elegans.

Conclusions: The new mitogenome will hopefully prove useful for systematic analyses of genus Chimarrogale.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AMONG GENERATIONS IN MODERN RUSSIAN CONDITIONS
Authors: Maltseva Svetlana M. , Voronkova Anna A. , Zosimova Marina A. , Nazarova Ekaterina N.
Published: September 2022

The urgency of the problem of formation and improvement of the level of financial literacy of the population is beyond doubt. By far, the most vulnerable social group here is the older generation. However, young people also need this competence.

Purpose: this article describes the study of the level of financial literacy of generation Z and Y on the subject of knowledge of the operations of the gold and foreign exchange market; representations and concepts of modern economics; banking transactions; the subject of international trade, as well as international currency.

Methods that were used in the research process: comparative analysis and synthesis, dialectical approach, sociological survey.

Results: the authors conclude that Generation Z is less educated in terms of having and using financial knowledge than Millennials, and this is explained by the following facts: less life experience, focus only on the present, low interest in finance as a source of self-development opportunities.
MOTIVATION AND INCENTIVES AS TOOLS FOR MANAGING LABOR ACTIVITY
Authors: Shakirova Dinara M. , Konyzhov Kirill V. , Vagapov Vladislav V.
Published: September 2022

For almost every company productivity plays a key role, but not every manager understands that this indicator depends on a set of many factors. To increase labor productivity, it is very important for a manager to understand the motives and stimuli of human activity. This requires understanding how motives appear, what they are, and what their role is during work. Modern ways of management are often aimed at stimulating the work of the staff correctly, which leads to an increase in production figures and improves the atmosphere at the workplace as a whole. Stimulation plays a huge role in the organization of the work of the enterprise and is directed to the motives of both one employee and the collective as a whole, which positively influences the company’s profit and its possible further growth.

Purpose. Study of the concept of “motive”, “motivation”, “stimulation” and determine their relationship.

Method or methodology of the work: the article used the analysis of scientific literature and data obtained during the study.

Results: to analyze the concept of “motive”, “motivation” and “stimulation”.

Practical implications: The results of the study can be used in both large and small companies.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF THE CITY DISTRICT «USINSK»: ANALYSIS AND MAIN DIRECTIONS
Authors: Zubova Yana V. , Ishchenko Galina M. , Sukharev Vladimir I. , Yashkildina Svetlana P.
Published: September 2022

Research objectives. To present an assessment of the socio-economic development of the municipality of the urban district «Usinsk».

Methodology. The combined methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the socio-economic development of the MO GO «Usinsk» are used in the work.

Results. For the most effective management, it is necessary to have sufficient information and identify various aspects of the development of the territory, its natural and climatic conditions, flora and fauna, the ecological situation, mineral resources and their location, the structure of the economy, the quality of the habitat. Therefore, the study of the socio-economic development of an urban district is particularly relevant and at the same time quite difficult, since when studying socio-economic development it is necessary to take into account all factors and indicators, analyze a huge amount of information.

The scope of the results. Being the subject of interdisciplinary consideration, the subject of socio-economic development of the region (municipality) affects the objectives of the regional political activity of the state, since without taking into account the peculiarities of the region, it is impossible to manage all the processes of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation.

Limitations / directions of future research. This study is not limited to a theoretical analysis of the issue; the significance of considering these issues requires further detailed consideration of them, since interest in them, especially if we consider the fact that the Usinsk Mine is part of the Arctic zone, is quite relevant.

Conclusions. Consideration of socio-economic development is relevant, because the socio-economic development of municipalities is the key to the stable development of the Russian Federation.
Game Affixation of Verbs, Adjectives and Adverbs in Modern Russian and Its Place in Modern Communication
Authors: Grigor'eva P.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The article ends the author's series of articles on the popular and relevant topic of word formation in modern Russian language.

Aim. The article is devoted to the analysis of the game affixation of verbs, adjectives and adverbs, the frequency and scope of their use.

Methodology and research methods. Principles of determining the stimulus word for a game derivative, morphemic analysis of common words and analysis of game derivatives by E.A. Zemskaya.

Results. The definition of the concept of game affixation is given, game affixes-verbs, affixes-adjectives and affixates-adverbs are analyzed. Suffixes involved in the formation of game derivatives-verbs are divided into groups depending on the game model.

Scientific novelty. The concept of a game pseudo-affixation arising from a change in the perception of the internal form of the usual word is given. Game affixates-verbs and game affixates-adjectives can be formed by prefix, suffixation and prefix-suffixing method. Game affixates-adverbs are formed only by suffixation.

Practical significance. The results of the article can be used to create the newest game affixes.
The Use of the Multifunctional Nature of the Educational Text in the Process of Forming Intercultural Competence
Authors: Anopochkina R.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the problems of teaching a foreign language, including Russian as a foreign language, in a higher educational institution at the present stage.

The primary task of the training system for foreign students is the need to form intercultural competence as an indicator of the ability to successfully contact representatives of other cultures. Intercultural communication can be successful if communicants mutually observe certain conditions for which they must be prepared.

The educational text, which is an important means of the learning process, has a multifunctional character, it accumulates the features of not only the language, but also of the culture. Purposeful appeal to the educational text expands the range of its application in RAFL classes, allows one to turn to it not only for the purpose of teaching the language, but also for the development of the qualities necessary for intercultural communication in foreign students.

The author outlines the ways of using the text in the process of forming intercultural competence, referring to her own textbook and experience of working with various contingents of foreign students.
The Picture of the World in Communication Studies
Authors: Goncharova Lyubov
Published: September 2022

The editor-in-chief column contains an overview of the current issue of the journal. In accordance with the headings, key topics are noted and trends and directions of communication research presented by the authors are highlighted.
Cultural and Visual Codes of Representation of the Fashion Industry in the Narrative of the Series
Authors: Kiuru K. , Lin'kov S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Modern creative industries produce a large number of media products intended for consumption by an audience of viewers, readers and listeners. One of the most popular media products by the audience is the series. Fashion also belongs to the creative industries. The representation of the cultural and visual codes of the fashion industry in the narrative of the series is of research interest, since it allows us to identify the features of the storytelling of the series, ways to keep the viewer's attention. Aim. To analyze the cultural and visual codes of the fashion industry representation in the narrative of the series. Methodology and research methods. The research material is the series "Made in Italy" directed by Ago Panini and Luc Lucini. The research methodology is based on the analysis of narrative, identification of cultural codes and ways of their visualization in the series. Results. The authors came to the conclusion that the series "Made in Italy" does not use a classic narrative, which is commonly used in serial production. The storyline in this series does not play a major role, it is only a side effect necessary for the movement of the story itself around McGuffin - the formation of the Italian fashion of the 1970s. It is this McGuffin that is put at the center of the story, and all the characters, all the action unfolding on the screen, serves to create the effect of its movement. Visualization of cultural codes in the series immerses the viewer into the atmosphere of Milan fashion of the 1970s. Scientific novelty. The analysis of the narrative of the series allowed us to identify a new type of narrative of serial production, in which the storyline does not play a major role (as in the traditional narrative of the series), but only serves as a driver of the story around McGuffin. Practical significance. The revealed narrative scheme of the series can be used to write scripts for series.
The Image of the 2022 Olympics: A Conceptual Approach (Based on the Match TV Channel)
Authors: Rovinskaya Yu.
Published: September 2022

This study is devoted to topical issues in the field of sports media communication. The subject of the study is the image of the Olympiad itself and its components within the framework of scientific and practice-oriented media communication planes. Research positions on the image and terminologically related concepts are presented in the article, taking into account theoretical and practical approaches. A detailed analysis in the scientific article is obtained by the structural and component constituents of the image of the Olympics at the nonverbal level. In general, a new look at the phenomenon of the media image of the Olympics and its constituents is indicated. The research methodology reflects a set of methods of speech analysis from media positions, structural-component and contextual content-semantic analysis of sports media communication with subsequent journalistic interpretation of data. This methodological combination provides understanding of sports media communication. The results of the study are related to the construction of a media image of the Olympics on the formation of public opinion in the context of modern media communication. The conclusion of the study can be used in the analysis of theoretical and practical issues of media communication with the vector of sports functioning.
Relationships between plasma levels of nitrogenous metabolites and some psycho-neuro-endocrine parameters
Authors: Bombushkar Igor , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Korda Mykhaylo , Żukow Xawery , Popovych Igor
Published: September 2022

Background. It was recently shown by our group that bilirubin has a neurotropic activity. It is also shown that endogenous uric acid exerts a noticeable modulating effect on neuro-endocrine adaptation factors. In this study, we supplemented the constellation both of subjects of influence with other nitrogenous metabolites - urea and creatinine, and the objects of influence - with plasma levels of the main adaptation hormones and the severity of trait and reactive anxiety. Materials and Methods. The object of observation were almost healthy volunteers: 30 females (30÷76 y) and 31 males (24÷69 y). In basal conditions determined plasma levels of nitrogenous metabolites as well as cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, triiodothyronine and calcitonin, estimated the severity of the trait and reactive anxiety, recorded the ongoing HRV and EEG. After 4 or 7 days, repeated testing was performed. Results. By constructing regression models, it was found that direct bilirubin determines the levels of psycho-neuro-endocrine parameters by 66,0%, free bilirubin by 56,7%, uric acid by 40,8%, creatinine by 37,6%, and urea - by 31,1%. Taken together, nitrogenous plasma metabolites determine the severity of trait, but not reactive anxiety, plasma levels of testosterone, cortisol and triiodothyronine, but not calcitonin and aldosterone, as well as a number of HRV and EEG parameters by 70,6%. Conclusion. Nitrogenous plasma metabolites, even in the absence of uremia, are able to influence the state of the psyche, autonomic and central nervous and endocrine systems, apparently through aryl hydrocarbon and adenosine receptors of neurons and endocrinocytes and/or directly.
A Complementary Pivot Algorithm for Competitive Allocation of a Mixed Manna
Authors: Chaudhury Bhaskar Ray , Garg Jugal , McGlaughlin Peter , Mehta Ruta
Published: September 2022

We study the fair division problem of allocating a mixed manna under additively separable piecewise linear concave (SPLC) utilities. A mixed manna contains goods that everyone likes and bads (chores) that everyone dislikes as well as items that some like and others dislike. The seminal work of Bogomolnaia et al. argues why allocating a mixed manna is genuinely more complicated than a good or a bad manna and why competitive equilibrium is the best mechanism. It also provides the existence of equilibrium and establishes its distinctive properties (e.g., nonconvex and disconnected set of equilibria even under linear utilities) but leaves the problem of computing an equilibrium open. Our main results are a linear complementarity problem formulation that captures all competitive equilibria of a mixed manna under SPLC utilities (a strict generalization of linear) and a complementary pivot algorithm based on Lemke’s scheme for finding one. Experimental results on randomly generated instances suggest that our algorithm is fast in practice. Given the [Formula: see text]-hardness of the problem, designing such an algorithm is the only non–brute force (nonenumerative) option known; for example, the classic Lemke–Howson algorithm for computing a Nash equilibrium in a two-player game is still one of the most widely used algorithms in practice. Our algorithm also yields several new structural properties as simple corollaries. We obtain a (constructive) proof of existence for a far more general setting, membership of the problem in [Formula: see text], a rational-valued solution, and an odd number of solutions property. The last property also settles the conjecture of Bogomolnaia et al. in the affirmative. Furthermore, we show that, if the number of either agents or items is a constant, then the number of pivots in our algorithm is strongly polynomial when the mixed manna contains all bads.

Funding: Financial support from the Division of Computing and Communication Foundations, National Science Foundation (NSF) [Grants 1942321, 1750436] is gratefully acknowledged.
Minimum Earnings Regulation and the Stability of Marketplaces
Authors: Asadpour Arash , Lobel Ilan , van Ryzin Garrett
Published: September 2022

Problem definition: New York City and Seattle recently enacted minimum earnings regulations for ride-hailing providers that are based on their utilization rates. The regulations are intended to deliver minimum earnings while preserving the flexibility of the independent contractor model of work. Academic/practical relevance: This kind of regulation has the potential to impact marketplace stability, which we define as the ability of platforms to keep wages bounded while maintaining the current flexible (free-entry) work model. Methodology: We build a theoretical model to study the marketplace implications of this kind of regulation and identify precise conditions under which a utilization-based minimum earnings rule causes marketplace instability. We then calibrate our model using publicly available data, showing the extent to which the law can (or cannot) increase earnings while preserving both worker flexibility and marketplace stability. Results: For reasonable ranges of supply and demand elasticity, the law’s ability to increase earnings while maintaining the free-entry work model is quite limited, and even when earnings increases are achievable, they cause significant increases in driver idleness. Managerial implications: Given the law’s potential to cause instability, affected ride-hailing companies may need to respond to the law by reducing driver flexibility to limit supply.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1150 .
Encruzilhadas e narrativas em Cadernos de África
Authors: Rocha Leandro de Souza
Published: September 2022

Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o projeto Cadernos de África. Nesse percurso as categorias corpo, narrativa e tempo aparecem como fundamentais para leitura dos trabalhos de Paulo Nazareth e para a consequente proposição de uma narrativa encruzada a partir da utilização da encruzilhada como conceito chave.Palavras-chave: Paulo Nazareth; Cadernos de África; Encruzilhada; Narrativa Encruzada.
Information: a presença sul-americana em uma exposição de arte conceitual internacional
Authors: Lourenço Allan André
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho é uma reflexão sobre a participação de artistas sul-americanos na exposição Information, realizada no Museu de Arte Moderna de Nova Iorque. Acompanhada de uma revisão teórica da noção de conceitualismo, essa pesquisa aponta as dificuldades em se criar um repertório apropriado para articular as noções de identidade e diferença na arte sul-americana.
ÍNDICE INTEGRAL DE CONECTIVIDADE APLICADO NA SELEÇÃO DE ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTES PRIORITÁRIAS À RECOMPOSIÇÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE NOVA MARILÂNDIA, MATO GROSSO – BRASIL
Authors: Perlandim Ramos Alexander Webber , Dos Santos Galvanin Edinéia Aparecida , Alves da Silva Neves Sandra Mara , Dallacort Rivanildo
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as Áreas de Preservação Permanentes degradadas para identificação dos fragmentos prioritários à recomposição no município de Nova Marilândia-Mato Grosso, visando que os dados e informações gerados contribuam na proposição de ações voltadas à restauração da funcionalidade da paisagem. Para a definição das categorias de prioridade de restauração foi aplicado nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente Degradadas o Índice Integral de Conectividade, com suas frações IICflux (mensurador de possibilidade de fluxo gênico/ambiental) e IICconnector (mensurador de importância de nó como única conexão entre outros fragmentos), derivado da Teoria de Grafos. Na municipalidade a classe mais expressiva é a Pastagem (744,22 km²), superando as áreas de Vegetação Natural Florestal (687,23 km²), Formação Savânica (311,46 km²), Agricultura (157,68 km²) e Usos Antrópicos (4,21 km²). Esse cenário refletiu nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente, sendo identificados 1706 fragmentos a serem restaurados, destes 1594 com baixo nível de prioridade, 102 com médio e 10 com alto. Os fragmentos das Áreas de Preservação Permanente de alto nível de prioridade são estratégicos na restauração da funcionalidade da paisagem municipal, sendo a atividade pecuária o principal agente que tem influenciado desfavoravelmente a conservação da vegetação.
A ERA SAMBÓDROMO: os debates que surgiram e os impactos gerados pela construção de um palco fixo para os desfiles das escolas de samba do Rio de Janeiro (1984 a 2019)
Authors: Gomes Cunha Vidal Lucas Felipe
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo é um desmembramento de uma pesquisa maior que abordava toda a trajetória dos lugares dos desfiles das escolas de samba do Rio de Janeiro, desde o primeiro desfile realizado na Praça Onze em 1932 até chegar ao Sambódromo na década de 1980. Selecionando este último lugar mencionado como foco, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo refletir sobre os debates que surgiram e os impactos deixados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro motivados pela construção do Sambódromo. Ressaltando detalhes da obra, o artigo aborda em linhas gerais, as alterações na paisagem urbana da região aonde o próprio Sambódromo foi construído, as modificações no formato de como as escolas de samba desfilavam, a construção de uma identidade própria ao Sambódromo e da imagem da cidade através do carnaval, bem como as utilizações da “Passarela do Samba” fora do período carnavalesco.
Música popular e as contradições do processo de modernização no Brasil: o Projétil Tropicalista
Authors: Silva Edson Pereira , Navarro Roberto José Bozzetti
Published: September 2022

Este ensaio procura demonstrar que o “projeto” tropicalista não representou uma ruptura com o desenvolvimentismo inaugurado no período Vargas. Ao invés disso, o Tropicalismo representou a mesma estratégia com uma tática diferente. Reinterpreta-se também o ponto de inflexão que teria estabelecido o “projeto” tropicalista, ou seja, o evento em que Caetano Veloso se encontra diante do filme Terra em Transe de Glauber Rocha (1967). Este ensaio parte de um diálogo entre elementos das teorias dos diferentes Theodor Adorno e Walter Benjamin. A conclusão é que o Tropicalismo se estabeleceu dentro da discussão da modernização, nacionalismo, cultura e música popular brasileira como uma dinâmica, no sentido de uma/um bólide, ou seja, como um Projétil Tropicalista.
O Retorno do Antropófago Cordial
Authors: Félix Regina R.
Published: September 2022

Esta é uma análise da filosofia oswaldiana conectada a perspectivas da crítica pós-moderna. Andrade começa dialogando com os intelectuais europeus no período entre-guerras para propor formas mais prósperas de sociabilidade. Isso se desdobra numa figuração alternativa da relação humano-ambiente-alteridade. Os textos “Manifesto Antropófago”, A Crise da Filosofia Messiânica e “Um aspecto antropofágico da cultura brasileira, o homem cordial” conectam o Antropofágico/Matriarcal como incorporação do “sentimento do outro” contra o individualismo da propriedade privada característica do Patriarcado.
Apresentação
Authors: Ribas Maria Cristina C. , Pietrani Anélia M.
Published: September 2022

Apresentação do número 57
Direitos humanos, laicidade e educação escolar: “eu sempre rezei o pai nosso na escola”
Authors: Fernandes Eliane Pinheiro , Gomes Fábio Alves , De Aguiar Wanda Maria Junqueira
Published: September 2022

Este estudo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre direitos humanos e educação escolar. O objetivo geral foi investigar a dimensão subjetiva do processo educacional de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. A abordagem metodológica e o procedimento de produção de informação foram inspirados na pesquisa crítico-colaborativa. Os procedimentos de análise e interpretação das informações foram fundamentados na proposta dos núcleos de significação. O materialismo histórico-dialético e a psicologia sócio-histórica constituem a fundamentação teórico-metodológico desta pesquisa. Os resultados evidenciam: a ausência de fundamentação teórica que oriente as práticas de enfrentamento e violência na escola, recorrendo-se à religião cristã para responder a esta questão; a resistência em abordar temas considerados divergentes dos dogmas cristãos no currículo escolar.
Prologue
Authors: Gentles Ian
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on the first of Europe's great revolutions. It assesses how the resulting Civil War spread to King Charles I's other two kingdoms, and was transformed into a revolution that shook monarchy, aristocracy and church to their foundations. The chapter seeks to understand this cataclysm, its passionate fury, its colossal violence as well as its mainsprings. It then elaborates on the root cause of England's troubles: Parliament's failure to stand up to the expansionary forces of international Roman Catholicism (‘popery’), rampant both at home and in Ireland. The chapter aims to listen to the voices of those who lived through the Revolution, to attend to what they said and wrote, and to refrain from subjecting them to ‘the enormous condescension of posterity’. It also reviews the first battle of the English Civil War and the battle of Marston Moor in Yorkshire, nearly the greatest battle ever fought on English soil.
The Conquest and Occupation of Ireland, 1649–60
Authors: Gentles Ian
Published: September 2022

This chapter highlights that the conquest of Ireland was high on the Commonwealth's agenda. It details how the powerful committee led by Cromwell was directed to organise the expedition. Manning the expedition was hard enough. Paying for it posed an even greater challenge. The chapter then outlines how Cromwell devoted more attention to money and matériel than to manpower. It also considers the importance of the navy to Cromwell's success, and another dimension to Cromwell's preparations: diplomacy. Cromwell's talent for friendship came into play once again when he prevailed on a number of officers to postpone their desertions from Ireland Lord Inchiquin's army, in effect keeping them as money in the bank to be drawn when he needed it most. The chapter recounts Cromwell's strategic plan to take as many coastal ports as he could, beginning with Drogheda in the north, and ending with Cork in the south, before moving inland. It then reviews how the New Model officers played a leading role in running Ireland during the 1650s.
The Conquest and Rule of Scotland, 1650–59
Authors: Gentles Ian
Published: September 2022

This chapter assesses how the Scots grew more and more disenchanted by what they heard of the religious and social radicalism within the army. It examines the implication of Charles I's execution, and how it precipitated a counter-revolutionary realignment of forces in Scotland. A majority of Covenanters—the ‘Kirk party’—joined with Engagers to resist the New Model. The chapter also recounts Cromwell's preparations for the invasion which involved propaganda and logistical support. It demonstrates Cromwell's skill in planting doubts in sincere minds, and weaning many Scots from their attachment to Charles II. The chapter highlights that logistical support was the key to offsetting Cromwell's inferior numbers during their twelve-month campaign. The chapter chronicles Cromwell's preliminary engagements with Musselburgh, the Pentland Hills, and the Battle of Dunbar. It investigates how Cromwell renewed his theological offensive, then looks at how the combination of military action, ideological warfare, and espionage reduced the Kirk party and its army to ruins.
Epilogue
Authors: Gentles Ian
Published: September 2022

This chapter investigates when George Monck decided to abandon the cause of the republic and make it his business to bring back the king. It examines how he ensured at every step of the way that no violence broke out among the warring factions, so that he gained virtually the entire credit for this monumental achievement. The chapter argues that Monck's conversion to the cause of monarchy occurred sooner than most historians have allowed. It emphasizes that Monck's consummate management of a potentially rebellious and violent army earned him the extravagant bounty of a profoundly grateful monarch. The chapter then recalls that the body of men whom Monck skilfully guided towards acquiescence in the restoration of monarchy were not the same New Model Army that had purged the Long Parliament, abolished the House of Lords, and overthrown the Stuart monarchy. The chpater considers how the army had become very different—from being a heroic instrument of war that scarcely lost a skirmish between 1645 and 1652, to a guarantor of peace.
Americans React, Regulations Begin, 1820–1882
Authors: Bon Tempo Carl J. , Diner Hasia R.
Published: September 2022

In tandem with the need for laborers to stoke economic development, filled by immigrant workers, Americans began to fear the arrival of newcomers and sought ways to regulate their entry to the United States. Anti-immigrant sentiment swelled with both antipathy to the Catholic Irish on the east coast and anti-Chinese sentiment on the west.
A New Open Door
Authors: Bon Tempo Carl J. , Diner Hasia R.
Published: September 2022

As the twentieth century came to an end, more immigrants came to the U.S., and from different regions, than in previous decades. Immigrants from Asia and the Americas outnumbered those from Europe, joined by larger numbers of unauthorized entrants, especially from Mexico. All of these newcomers reshaped the country’s demography, social fabric and economy. While many in the United States welcomed these immigrants warmly, a significant political and cultural backlash to their arrival also grew.
The Era of Border Security
Authors: Bon Tempo Carl J. , Diner Hasia R.
Published: September 2022

In the twenty-first century, newcomers continued to arrive in large numbers from the Americas and, especially, Asia. Long-held political configurations on immigration between Democrats and Republicans scrambled in these years, producing increasingly acrimonious discussions. Immigration restrictionists, stymied at the national level, worked hard in the states to win laws and policies. By the presidency of Donald Trump, immigration was the chief issue roiling American life.
Divesting Public Lands to Build a Nation
Authors: Leshy John D.
Published: September 2022

This chapter takes a look at how the U.S. government managed public lands prior to the Civil War. Public land policy before the Civil War primarily focused on divestiture in service of goals on which there was broad consensus—advancing settlement by Euro-Americans and keeping the nation unified through the admission of new states. While that meant relinquishing ownership of significant amounts of public land, Congress did not simply let a free market operate. Instead, it used the divestment process to serve a number of national policy objectives, which required grappling with many details. Along the way, principles and precedents were established, congressional restrictions were sometimes notably enforced, and experience was gained that proved useful for future policy initiatives.