bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inequality in consumption expenditure at household level in Uttar Pradesh: Regression Based Inequality Decomposition (RBID)
Authors: Pandey Alok
Published: December 2020

The present study focuses on the Regression based inequality decomposition at household level consumption expenditure in Uttar Pradesh using NSSO 62nd, 63rd and 64th rounds of unit level data. An attempt has been made to measure the inequality decomposition based on regression analysis developed by Morduch and Sicular (2002), Fields (2003) and Fiorio and Jenkins (2007). The variables used for the decomposition based on regression for AMPCE are age of the head of households, gender of the head of households, marital status of the head of households, education level of the head of households, household size, household type, religion, social group, land possession, dwelling unit, type of structure, primary source of energy for cooking, primary source of energy for lighting and sector (Rural and Urban). Regression result shows that coefficient of education of the head of households followed by household size and type of household, social group and energy for light significant. Education level of the head of household is contributing as main factor for inequality followed that size of household and region (rural or urban). Regression based inequality decomposition reveals that in society there is urgent need for the enhancement in government expenditure in Uttar Pradesh on education especially in technical and higher level of education.
Carbon Emissions and Income Trajectory in Eight Heterogeneous Countries: The Role of Trade Openness, Energy Consumption and Population Dynamics
Authors: OWOYE OLUWOLE , ONAFOWORA OLUGBENGA A.
Published: December 2020

This paper examines the long-run and dynamic temporal relationships between economic growth, energy consumption, population density, trade openness, and carbon dioxideÂ Â Â  (CO2) emissions in Brazil, China, Egypt, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, South Korea, and South Africa based on the environment Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. We employ the ARDL Bounds test to cointegration and CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests to ensure long-run cointegration and parameter stability.Â  The estimated results show that the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis holds in Japan and South Korea.Â  In the other six countries, the long-run relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions follows an N-shaped trajectory and the estimated turning points are much higher than the sample mean. In addition, the results indicate that energy consumption Granger-causes both CO2 emissions and economic growth in all the countries.Â  An important implication of our findings is that it would be ill-advised for the policy decision makers to adopt the EKC postulate as the conceptual basis for policies favoring economic growth unconditionally. A wide range of policy initiatives that would induce increased demand for better environment quality and its sustainability should be explored in tandem with measures to spur economic growth.
Exchange Rate Pass Through in a Small Open Economy: A case study of West African Monetary Zone
Authors: Raji Rahman olanrewaju
Published: December 2020

TheÂ  study investigated the magnitude of exchange rate pass through to import prices and domestic pricesÂ Â Â  (consumer price index) in WAMZ economy using quarterly time-series data between 2000 and 2010 with the aids of Vector autoregressive (VAR) modeling technique supported with Johansen co-integration approach cross country analysis comprising of Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra-Leone. The study discovered that transmission of exchange rate to import prices is more when compared with consumer price in the zone while the contributions of exchange rate to import price are not less 13 percent at average in entire zone. Consumer price index was explained by exchange rate pass through with an average of 26 percent in the zone where the pass through to consumer price is less than two percent in Ghanaian economy. The Taylor (2000) hypothesis was observed in the study where Ghana and Nigeria are the outlier economies while Nigeria established a positive relationship between interest rate volatility and exchange rate pass through to import prices.
DIGITALIZATION IN INDONESIAN COOPERATIVES: IS IT NECESSARY?
Authors: Nurdany Achmad , Prajasari Anniza Citra
Published: December 2020

Digitalization has already penetrated all sectors of life and dominates business models. This study evaluates the extent to which small businesses should adopt digitalization. We focus on the cooperative's business model currently fighting with another fast-growing and popular business model, the start-up. Then, we used direct field research, including descriptive analysis and in-depth interviews with cooperatives in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. We found that that the use of digital media by cooperatives in our study was minimal. From in-depth interviews, we found that some non-digital cooperatives insist on not using digitalization due to the lack of digital media penetration of their targeted customers and a preference for word-of-mouth marketing. One practical implication of this study is that digitalization depends somewhat on the addressed customer market model. Keywords: Digitalization, Cooperatives, Word of Mouth JEL Classification: D22, G23, O14
EDITORIAL: IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON TRADE, FDI, REAL EXCHANGE RATE AND ERA OF DIGITALIZATION: BRIEF REVIEW GLOBAL ECONOMY DURING PANDEMIC
Authors: Handoyo Rossanto Dwi
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only triggered an unprecedented global health crisis but also a global economic, trade and investment crisis. Global Trade in merchandise fall from 12% to 32% in 2020. FDI flows are projected to fall further by 30% to 40% in 2020-202. The decline in trade is a reflection, instead of a cause, of the economic contraction that occurred, caused by rising trade costs - from disruptions in transportation, logistics and supply chains, as well as trade restrictions. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic is driving an overall digital transition in society and industry. Since June 2020, there has been increasing trend in social media and other apps, it rose by 38 percent while streaming video increased to 35 percent. A significant increase was in the use of conference tools during the COVID-19 pandemic and it will have an impact on improving technology infrastructure.Keywords: Pandemic COVID-19, Trade in Merchandise, FDI, Exchange Rate and Digitalization
Melihat Latar Belakang Australia Dalam Memberikan Bantuan Luar Negeri ke Kawasan Pasifik
Authors: Rifaldy Yusuf
Published: December 2020

Australia is one of the largest foreign assistance donor country to thecountries in the Pacific Region. Besides the proximity of geographiclocation between the two, there are various other factors that causeAustralia to provide foreign assistance to the Pacific Region. The Pacificregion which consists of small countries and mostly an island nation with alow economic level has a high dependence on foreign aid provided by othercountries. This study was conducted to look at Australia’s background inproviding foreign assistance to countries in the Pacific Region and whatwas generated and achieved from the provision of foreign assistance. Thisstudy uses literature-based data collection, both using official documentsissued by parties related to Australia’s foreign aid issues and otherrelated documents. The results obtained from this study are that Australiaprovides foreign assistance to countries in the Pacific Region that cannotbe separated from Australia’s efforts to obtain its national interests, bothin terms of security, economy, and politics.
The Anti-War Movement through Romanticism of the Hippies Culture on Vietnam War 65-73
Authors: Nugroho Dwi Mifta , Firdaus Muhammad J.B. , Wijaya Adam J.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the authors try to provide an overview of the new socialmovement variant, which is the anti-war movements initiated by hippies.The hippie culture developed rapidly in the 1960s in the United Statesand now has spread to the whole world through cultural globalization.Hippie Movement itself is a subculture movement that has a significantrole in forming a counter-culture in the United States. This movement’ssuccess cannot be separated from the support of the musicians ofthe world through popular culture that will be discussed in this paper throughcultural globalization.
PERKEMBANGAN SISTER CITY SURABAYA-GUANGZHOU DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEMAJUAN KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Erika Luluk , Nurika Rizki Rahmadini
Published: December 2020

Sister city is a concept which refer to a cooperative initiative set upbetween two cities from two different country of origin. Surabaya is one ofwell-known cities in Indonesia which actively engage in such programs,among them are cooperation with Guangzhou, China; Busan, SouthKorea; and Kitayushu, Japan. However, a focus on sister city initiativesbetween Surabaya and Guangzhou seems to be relatively understudied.This research is aimed to uncover the dynamics of Surabaya-Guangzhousister city initiative and how is it impacting Surabaya specifically. Toexplain this, the author put some emphasis on the concept “sister city”and employing Arild Underdal’s Regime Effectivity Model. a qualitative descriptiveresearch method is undergone with data gatehered throughliterature studies, as well as direct interview. This research found thatthe initiative has resulted in relatively ineffective outvomes under theindicator of level of collaboration, problem malignancy, and problemsolving. Nevertheless, the sister city between the two cities has given anumber of contributions to the growth of Surabaya.
Upaya Gastrodiplomasi Indonesia di Korea Utara
Authors: Imanuella Johanna , Aryani Maria Indira
Published: December 2020

History has recorded the crucial role of food in life. More than just abasic human need, food can be a unifying and dividing society, furtherdemonstrating its crucial role in civilization. This led to the emergenceof the practice of gastrodiplomacy — a practice of cross-border culturaldiplomacy through food. Indonesia is one of the countries that haspracticed gastrodiplomacy by empowering its culinary pride. One of thedestinations for Indonesian gastrodiplomacy is North Korea. On variousoccasions, the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Pyongyang has oftenpromoted Indonesian food through cooking demonstrations, bazaars,or various formal banquets. Besides, Indonesia has also opened its firstIndonesian product outlet in Pyongyang, which markets Indonesian foodproducts. This article aims to show Indonesia’s gastrodiplomacy efforts inNorth Korea and map them based on various gastrodiplomacy campaignstrategies.
Diplomasi Budaya Jepang dan Korea Selatan di Indonesia tahun 2020: Studi Komparasi
Authors: Islamiyah Annisa Nur , Priyanto Nafila Maulina , Prabhandari Ni Putu Dyana
Published: December 2020

Products of the creative industry, which falls under the category of culturalproducts, represent one of soft power instruments capable of influencingpolicy-making processes. Japan and South Korea are two states that haveimplemented internationalization strategies on their creative industryproducts in order to boost economy. In addition to becoming sectors thatcontribute to the economy, by the means of the Korean Hallyu and CoolJapan, the creative industries of Japan and South Korea have becomeinstruments of cultural diplomacy aimed at influencing public opinionson both states. In Indonesia, differences in the development strategiesimplemented by both states have influenced the degree of success in theircultural diplomacy. This research aims to identify differences betweenthe strategies implemented by Japan and South Korea in conductingcultural diplomacy in Indonesia. This research has found that the culturaldiplomacy conducted by Japan has been less successful due to the lackof incorporation of cultural values in its internationalization strategy, aswell as the lack of government support for its creative industry.
PRODUCT PROMOTION STRATEGY AND FINANCIAL STATEMENS IN THE PANDEMIC ERA FOR GENTENG KREATIF – SMEs GROUP SURABAYA
Authors: Ervianty Rizka Miladiah , Nugroho Yanuar , Sya'bania Anisa Fitri
Published: December 2020

MSMEs were originally an important contributor to gross domestic product of more than 60%, but the crisis caused by Covid-19 has caused a global economic recession which has also reduced the turnover of MSMEs nationally because there are still many that rely on offline marketing, including who are members of the Genteng Kreatif Association. Given that the MSME sector is one of the drivers of the domestic economy and has a large labor absorption rate, saving the MSMEs sector is currently an obligation that must be resolved immediately so that the national economy can recover. This community service activity seeks to contribute as a solution to the problems that are being faced by MSMEs players in the midst of a crisis. This activity has resulted in MSMEs players being able to maximize the use of marketing applications by making effective promotional plans, attracting customer attention, informing potential customers about the product's existence and binding customers with the products offered so that MSME players can be competitive again and contribute again to the economic sector. In addition, the classic problem of business financial recording has also been given a solution to separate business and personal finances.
PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI MELALUI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SAPI DI DESA JATITENGAH, KECAMATAN SUGIHWARAS, KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO
Authors: Ajija Shochrul Rohmatul , Rumayya Rumayya , Mubin M Khoerul , Jayadi Akhmad
Published: December 2020

Desa Jatitengah merupakan salah satu desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Sugihwaras, Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Saat ini, masalah utama yang dihadapi desa Jatitengah adalah masalah limbah kotoran ternak sapi. Para petani belum mempunyai kemampuan dan keterampilan mengolah limbah kotoran sapi, dan selama ini petani memanfaatkan limbah kotoran sapi sebagai pupuk organik yang hanya dibiarkan di tempat terbuka. Hal ini kurang efektif untuk dilakukan, karena dapat menimbulkan bau tidak sedap dan menyebabkan pemanasan global. Melihat kondisi tersebut, sangat perlu adanya penerapan Iptek pemanfaatan limbah kotoran sapi, agar petani dapat memanfaatkan limbah kotoran sapi secara mandiri, terutama menjadikan energi alternatif berupa biogas. Hasil yang dicapai pada program pengabdian masyarakat ini antara lain terbangunnya instalasi biogas, terlaksananya pelatihan dalam mengolah limbah sapi menjadi biogas, pelatihan dalam merawat instalasi biogas, dan terpasangnya kompor biogas serta terlaksananya penyaluran biogas ke rumah warga. Selain itu, petani dan atau peternak sapi menjadi lebih paham akan proses pembuatan biogas, dengan cara mengikuti pelatihan atau pengamatan secara langsung di lokasi. Program pengabdian masyarakat yang dilaksanakan di desa Jatitengah telah berhasil menghasilkan biogas sebagai energi alternatif bagi petani dan atau peternak sapi. Dengan demikian, petani dapat memanfaatkan biogas sebagai pengganti kayu bakar dan gas LPG, dan pada akhirnya kesejahteraan petani di desa Jatitengah dapat tercapai.
PEMANFAATAN KAIN PERCA UNTUK PEMBUATAN MASKER KAIN (MAIN) ANTI VIRUS DALAM RANGKA PENCEGAHAN VIRUS COVID 19 PADA RUMAH JAHIT SEKITARAN MEDAN JOHOR
Authors: Daulay Wardiyah , Nasution Mahnum Lailan , Wahyuni Sri Eka
Published: December 2020

The number of cases of the Covid-19 virus in Indonesia, especially Medan, has increased. Almost every day the number of PDP (Patients Under Supervision) or positive patients continues to increase. Medan city has set an emergency status for the corona Covid-19 virus since Mid-March and Medan Johor district sice early April has been designated as one of the sub-districts with the status of the Red Zone. To minimize its spread, the government is promoting a “Mask For ALL” program. The program is in line with the appeal of the centers for disease control and prevention, which recommends wearing masks for everyone who want to leave the house. Due to limited number of masks that are ideal for preventing the corona virus, cloth masks can also used as an option to protect against exposure to the corona virus. This is considered better than not wearing a mask at all when coughing and sneezing or when near other people who may have been infected with the corona virus. Fabric masks can be produced by sewing houses by using the patchwork they have. Becauses the materials in making masks do not require a lot of material, patchwork can be used and people who have sewing houses are also helped in the corona pandemic.
WEBINAR “SANTAP SEHAT ALA RUMAHAN DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19” DI RT 02 KELURAHAN PULO GEBANG KECAMATAN CAKUNG PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Valentino Marshel , Vionita Luthfia , Utami Siwi Rizki , Ramadhani Shafira Nurul , Ramadhani Shara Nuzila , Qatrunnada Rifdah Dinda
Published: December 2020

Covid-19 is an infectious disease that is closely related to a person's nutritional status, for the fulfillment of nutrition- a mother in a family has a very important role in fulfilling the nutrition of family members (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2020). The purpose of this webinar activity is to increase the knowledge of a mother in family welfare program in RW 02 Pulo gebang - Cakung, East Jakarta regarding the importance of fulfilling the nutrition of family members who will be directly related to individual health. A total of 17 respondents participated in the webinar using a qualitative analysis approach using 3 stages of activities, (1) measuring initial knowledge with pre-test, (2) treatment by learning material in the form of a webinar, ending the re-measurement of knowledge after the delivery of material in the form of post- test. The results of the presentation of the material were said to be successful because the final results showed that there were 76.5% of participants having increased knowledge.abstrakCovid-19 merupakan penyakit infeksi yang erat kaitannya dengan status gizi seseorang, untuk pemenuhan gizi dalam keluarga- seorang ibu memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam pemenuhan gizi anggota keluarga (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2020). Tujuan kegiatan webinar ini adalah untuk meningkatan pengetahuan ibu-ibu PKK di RW 02 Kelurahan Pulo gebang, Kecamatan Cakung, Jakarta Timur mengenai pentingnya pemenuhan gizi anggota keluarga yang akan langsung berhubungan dengan kesehatan individu. Sejumlah 17 ibu PKK mengikuti webinar menggunakan metode pendekatan secara analisis kualitatif menggunakan 3 tahapan kegiatan yaitu (1) mengukur pengetahuan awal dengan pre-test, (2) treatment berupa pembelajaran materi dalam bentuk webinar, diakhiri pengukuran kembali pengetahuan setelah penyampaian materi dalam bentuk post-test. Hasil pemberian materi dikatakan berhasil karena hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 76,5% peserta memiliki peningkatan pengetahuan.
PEMBAGIAN PAKET SEMBAKO SEBAGAI BENTUK BANTUAN SOSIAL KEPADA PEKERJA JALANAN DI WILAYAH KELURAHAN CILENDEK TIMUR DALAM MASA TRANSISI PANDEMIK COVID-19
Authors: Nurul H Hanifah Puspita , Nikenindya Anggi Senda , Wulandani Dhien Meutia Islamadina , Putri Permata Aprilia , Putri Cahya Ramadhanti , Qanita Zalfa , Yasmine Almira Nadya , Ramadhanti Saskia , Panengah B Rangga , Faizah Zakiyatul
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease that has the ability to transmit from animals to humans and transmission occurs through droplets, therefore the government appeal on people to carry out social distancing and quarantine. The purpose of this activity is to help food needs and facilitate the people who affected by COVID - 19 to be able to apply government program is Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) independently as an effort to prevent an increase in COVID - 19 cases. The implementation method is community service, starting with channeling social assistance in the form of distribution of groceries, hand sanitizers and liquid soap to the community around the streets of the City of Cilendek Timur, Bogor City. The results of this activity are a form of community service activities that are focused on one of the fields, namely the economic field, where the activities carried out in the form of providing social assistance by distributing nine basic goods or food to people in need.abstrakCOVID-19 merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang memiliki kemampuan menularkan dari hewan kepada manusia dan penularan terjadi melalui droplets, maka dari itu pemerintah menghimbau masyarakat untuk melakukan social distancing dan karantina. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah membantu mencukupi kebutuhan pangan dan memfasilitasi masyarakat yang terdampak COVID – 19 untuk dapat menerapkan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) secara mandiri sebagai upaya mencegah peningkatan kasus COVID – 19. Metode pelaksanaan adalah pengabdian masyarakat, dimulai dengan menyalurkan bantuan sosial dalam bentuk pembagian sembako, hand sanitizer dan sabun cair kepada masyarakat disekitar jalan Kelurahan Cilendek Timur Kota Bogor. Hasil dari kegiatan ini merupakan bentuk dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang difokuskan pada salah satu bidang yaitu bidang ekonomi, dimana kegiatan yang dilakukan diwujudkan dalam bentuk pemberian bantuan sosial dengan cara membagikan sembilan bahan pokok atau sembako kepada orang-orang yang membutuhkan.
Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
Authors: Roy Nandini , Singha Utshab , Paul Saurav , Pushp Gaurav Kumar , Bardoloi Swagat , Debbarma Maimy , Boro Freeman
Published: December 2020

Engineered nanoparticles have been used widely in various sectors such as electronics, construction, health, energy, remediation and agriculture etc. In recent years, Metal oxide nanoparticles have become one of the important class of materials for both material and biological applications. For instance, Zinc oxide Nanoparticles has its effective bioapplications in various fields including pharmaceuticals, medicines, and agriculture. At the same time, these are of high important due to their utilization in biosensors, cosmetics, drug-delivery systems etc.
This book documents some important aspects of metal oxide nanomaterials highlighting their material, environmental and biological prospects.
Estudio para la determinación de medidas de resultados en salud relevantes en el trastorno por consumo de opiáceos. Análisis de decisión multicriterio
Authors: Colom Joan , Szerman Nestor , Cabrera Eliazar Sabater , Ferre Francisco , Pascual Francisco , Gilabert-Perramon Antoni , Casado Miguel Ángel , Bobes Julio , MCDA-OUD Grupo de Trabajo
Published: December 2020

El objetivo fue establecer los resultados en salud con mayor relevancia en la evaluación de programas de tratamiento de sustitución de opiáceos (PTSO) en pacientes con trastorno por consumo de opiáceos (TCO) en España. Se realizó un análisis de decisión multicriterio con 3 fases: 1) definición de conceptos y criterios a evaluar; 2) cribado y ponderación de criterios mediante un experimento de elecciones discretas; 3) proceso deliberativo. Los criterios de la fase 1 fueron: consumo de sustancias (opiáceos, alcohol, tabaco, estimulantes y cannabis), trastornos mentales (trastorno afectivo ansioso, psicosis, trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, trastorno límite de personalidad, trastornos de personalidad antisocial, trastorno por juego y otras alteraciones del control de los impulsos), nivel de discapacidad, adherencia, enfermedades médicas (comorbilidades, conductas de riesgo, enfermedades infecciosas y de transmisión sexual), aspectos psicosociales (conducta hostil y/o violenta, presencia de problemas laborales), discapacidad funcional (calidad de vida, satisfacción con el tratamiento y servicio, funcionamiento social). En la fase 2 se determinaron los factores fundamentales en la elección de un PTSO, revisados en el proceso deliberativo: remisión del consumo de sustancias (opiáceos, alcohol y estimulantes), mejoría en el manejo de otros trastornos mentales (psicosis y trastorno límite de la personalidad), mejoría en manejo de comorbilidades médicas y mejoría en el funcionamiento social, con un peso del 56,5%, 21,9%, 11,0% 10,7% respectivamente. Este análisis define los resultados sanitarios más relevantes en PTSO en pacientes con TCO en España, favoreciendo la toma de decisiones y la gestión socio-sanitaria de los recursos existentes.
Neuroscience and Literacy: An Integrative View
Authors: Ellis George F R , Bloch Carole S
Published: December 2020

Significant challenges exist globally regarding literacy teaching and learning, particularly in poor socio-economic settings in countries of the Global South. In this paper we argue that to address these challenges, major features of how the brain works that are currently ignored in the educational literature should be taken into account. First, perception is an active process based in detection of errors in hierarchical predictions of sensory data and action outcomes. Reading is a particular case. Second, emotions play a key role in underlying cognitive functioning. Innate affective systems underlie and shape all brain functioning, including oral and written forms of language and sign. Third, there is not the fundamental difference between listening/speaking and reading/writing often alleged on the basis of evolutionary arguments. Both are socio-cultural practices driven and learnt by the communication imperative of the social brain. Fourth, like listening, reading is not a linear, bottom-up process. Both are non-linear contextually shaped psycho-social processes of understanding, shaped by current knowledge and cultural contexts and practices. Reductionist neuroscience studies which focus on decontextualized parts of reading cannot access all the relevant processes. An integrated view of brain function reflecting this non-linear nature implies that an ongoing focus on personal meaning and understanding provides positive conditions for all aspects of literacy learning. Assessment of literacy teaching at all its stages should include indicators that take into account these foundational features relating reading and writing to neuroscience.
Somatic Rhythmic Motion Effective on Peristaltic Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Hypothesis for Music- and Sport-Based Interventions
Authors: Tan Huibing , Chiles Torin , Li Yinhua , Zhang Tianyi , Liu Hangqi , Jia Yunge , Hou Wei , Wang Xinghang , Rao Chenxu , Wei Zichun , Xu Ximeng , Wen Xiaoxin , Tian Siyu
Published: December 2020

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons (CSF-N) located in the surface of both brain ventricles and the central canal (cc) in the spinal cord. The cc and CSF maintain a proliferative niche for neural progenitor cells and play a vital role in development of the brain. The CSF circulates in the ventricles and the subarachnoid spaces with the CSF rhythmic flow: cardiac pulsation and respiratory fluctuation. A new concept of CSF motion may be contrary to the classical one that the direction of CSF motion may vary in direction and may be dynamic in its location. The CSF pressure may also depend on the body position. Moderate music-making has been considered a potential approach for rehabilitative and restorative therapy of brain dysfunctions. Recently, we find that the CSF-Ns are present in both the interior CFS in the cc and also exterior CSF around the surface of the spinal cord. We hypothesize that CSF-N as mechanical sensors in the spinal cord could sense motion of the spinal cord. The myodural bridge is a ligament connecting a pair of deep, upper-neck muscles to the dura mater, which envelops the arachnoid mater and contains the CSF surrounding the brain and the spinal cord. We figure out the term “CSF-static compartment” and classify CSF storage location as rostral pool and caudal pool to demonstrate our hypothesis. We presume that the somatic body movement with music-making and rehabilitation-based interventions would orchestrate the CSF motion with head movement, myodural bridge stretching and puling as well as spinal bending.
Assessing Urban Land use Change in New Braunfels, Texas from 2013 to 2020
Authors: Lasode Mayowa , Esobi Ikechukwu , Anyanwu Chijioke , Lasode Damilola
Published: December 2020

Urban cities are the major drivers of economic growth and development. Economic growth and development however results in considerable land cover land use dynamics. This study assessed the dynamics in land cover land use that have occurred in New Braunfels, Texas in the last 7 years (2013 - 2020) to observe areas in the city that had experienced considerable shifts in land cover and land use. A 30-meter resolution Landsat images were used to examine possible changes in land cover land use. New Braunfels was observed to have experienced significant changes in land use especially in developed areas. This change can be attributed to the influx of people into the city, contributing to the need for increased urban development. Analysis of this study shows that about 16% (about 553 hectares) of forest land cover class and 28% (about 1,139 hectares) of grassland class in time 1 (August 31, 2013) changed to built-up land use class in time 2 (November 5, 2020). A limitation to this study was that of the spatial resolution of images used. Higher spatial resolution images could impact the producers, users, and overall accuracy assessment. Results from this study can aid in supporting better decision-making for sustainable urban development and climate change mitigation.
Influence of Physical Parameters on the Collapse of a Spherical Bubble
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: December 2020

This paper examines the influence of physical parameters on the collapse dynamics of a spherical bubble filled with diatomic gas ($\kappa=7/5$). The present numerical investigation shows that each physical parameter affects the bubble collapse dynamics differently. After comparing the contribution of each physical parameter, it appears that, of all the parameters, the surrounding liquid environment affects the bubble collapse dynamics the most. Meanwhile, surface tension has the weakest influence and can be ignored in the bubble collapse dynamics. However, surface tension must be retained in the initial analysis since this, as well as the pressure difference jointly control initial bubble formation. As an essential part of this study, a general Maple code is provided.
Functional T Cell Reactivity to Melanocyte Antigens is Lost During Development of Malignant Melanoma, but is Restored with Successful Immunotherapy
Authors: Lehmann Paul
Published: December 2020

Healthy human subjects develop spontaneous CD8+ T cell responses to melanocyte antigens (MA) expressed by normal melanocytes, such as Tyrosinase, MAGE-A3, Melan/Mart-1, gp100, and NY-ESO-1. This natural autoimmunity directed against melanocytes might confer protection against the development of malignant melanoma (MM), where MA are present as overexpressed tumor-associated antigens. Consistent with this notion we report here that functional T cell reactivity to MA was found to be diminished in untreated MM patients: while 57.5% of healthy controls (n=40) exhibited high-frequency MA-specific T cell reactivity ex vivo, such was detected in only 12% of the untreated MM patients (n=24). Three lines of evidence suggest that the MA-reactive T cells present in healthy subjects undergo exhaustion once MM establishes itself. First, only the MA-specific T cell reactivity was affected in the MM patients; that to third party recall antigens was not. Second, in these patients, the residual MA-specific T cells, unlike third party antigen reactive T cells, were functionally impaired, showing a diminished per cell IFN-γ productivity. Third, successful immunotherapy with AGI-101H melanoma vaccine restored natural CD8+ T cell autoimmunity to MA in 85% of the vaccinated patients (n= 27). The role of natural T cell autoimmunity to tumor-associated MA is discussed based on discrete levels of T cell activation thresholds.
Students’ Commitment to National Heritage, Patriotism and Nationalism (The Case of Indonesian Elementary Students in Border Area with East Timor)
Authors: Hendrowibowo L , Harsoyo Yohanes , Sunarso Sunarso
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe the commitment to national heritage, patriotism, nationalism of elementary school students in the border areas between Indonesia and Timor Leste. This research was conducted in three elementary schools, they are SD Inpres Moto Ain, SD Inpres Class Jau Halimuti, SD Kristen Nanaeklot, and SD Negeri Motabenar from June to August 2018. The subjects of this study were elementary students in the Indonesia-Timor Leste border areas precisely around Motaain City, Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The research questionnaire was adapted from Karazawa and analyzed with descripriptive statistics. The results of this study showed that the commitment to national heritage, patriotism, and nationalism of elementary students on the Indonesian border areas with Timor Leste is in the very high level.
Chromatographic Methods for Evaluation of the Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Compositions Related with Pork Quality
Authors: Bogolyubova Nadezhda V. , Zaǐtsev Sergei Yu
Published: December 2020

The increasing demand for high-quality livestock products dictates to develop approaches to assessing the composition of the fatty acids (CFAs) and amino acids (CAAs) in animal tissues. The review considers the following issues: chromatographic methods for the determination of CAAs and CFAs of pig tissues; factors influencing the CAAs and CFAs of pig tissues; methods of regulating CAAs and CFAs of pork using nutritional factors; the effect of CAAs and CFAs on formation of meat properties. The main methods for determining CAAs or CFAs are the ion-exchange or gas chromatography, respectively. The total FA amount and individual FAs have significant effects on the tenderness, taste, color and juiciness of pork meat (due to the different melting points of particular fatty acids, formation of lipid oxidation products during cooking, etc.). Muscle proteins of pigs with regulated fatness differ also in CAAs (decreasing by increase in “pork fat” and decrease in the protein’s amount. The significance of this review is also determined by high popularity of pork in Russia and in a number of other countries of the world.
Obtaining a Faculty Position at a Primarily Undergraduate Institution (PUI)
Authors: King-Smith Christina , Dahlberg Lina , Riggs Blake
Published: December 2020

Scientists who hope to obtain a faculty position at a primarily undergraduate institution (PUI) need a distinct skill set and outlook on their future teaching and research career. To obtain a position at a PUI, candidates should 1) design a strategy for obtaining a faculty position that suits each individual’s career goals and aspirations, 2) prepare for the application process, on-campus interview, and contract negotiations, and 3) plan a strategy for the probationary period leading up to tenure and promotion. Given the different types of PUIs, candidates need to consider whether they seek a position that consists of all or mostly all teaching, or both teaching and research. Candidates should educate themselves on the expectations at PUI’s, including current thought, practice, and aspirations for science pedagogy, and gain teaching experience prior to seeking a suitable position. If the candidate’s goal is a position with both teaching and research, it is important to discuss with the current research mentor what projects the candidate can take with them to their new position. The candidate should also consider what types of projects will be successful with undergraduate student researchers in a PUI research environment Importantly, candidates should clearly demonstrate a commitment to diversity and inclusion in their teaching, research, and outreach, and application materials should demonstrate this. On interviews, candidates should be knowledgeable about the mission, values, and resources of the institution and how the candidate will contribute to that mission. Once hired, new faculty should discuss a formal or informal mentoring plan during the probationary period that includes peer evaluations on a regular basis, and maintain communication with the department chair or designated mentor regarding teaching, research, and service activities.
Transcriptomics of Type 2 Diabetic and Healthy Human Neutrophils
Authors: Kleinstein Sarah E , McCorrison Jamison , Ahmed Alaa , Hasturk Hatice , Dyke Thomas E. Van , Freire Marcelo
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are heterogeneous and often co-morbid, with increasing global prevalence. Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D) can result in severe inflammatory complications. As neutrophils are essential to inflammation, we conducted RNA-seq transcriptomic analyses to investigate the association between neutrophil gene expression and T2D phenotype. Further, as specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, including resolvin E1 (RvE1), can actively resolve inflammation, we further surveyed the impact of RvE1 on isolated neutrophils. Methods: Cell isolation and RNA-seq analysis of neutrophils from N=11 T2D and N=7 healthy individuals with available clinical data was conducted. Additionally, cultured neutrophils (N=3 T2D, N=3 healthy) were perturbed with increasing RvE1 doses (0nM, 1nM, 10nM, or 100nM) prior to RNA-seq. Data was evaluated through a bioinformatics pipeline including pathway analysis and post hoc false-discovery rate (FDR)-correction. Results: We observed significant differential expression of 50 genes between T2D and healthy neutrophils (p<0.05), including decreased T2D gene expression in inflammatory- and lipid-related genes SLC9A4, NECTIN2 and PLPP3 (p<0.003). RvE1 treatment induced dose-dependent differential gene expression (uncorrected p<0.05) across groups, including 59 healthy and 216 T2D neutrophil genes. Comparing T2D to healthy neutrophils, 1097 genes were differentially expressed across RvE1 doses, including two significant genes, LILRB5 and AKR1C1 , involved in inflammation (p<0.05). Conclusions: Inflammatory- and lipid-related genes were differentially expressed between T2D and healthy neutrophils, and RvE1 dose-dependently modified gene expression in both groups. Unraveling the mechanisms regulating abnormalities in diabetic neutrophil responses could lead to better diagnostics and therapeutics targeting inflammation and inflammation resolution.
High-throughput profiling of diapause regulated genes from Trichogramma dendrolimi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Zhang Xue , Du Wenmei , Zhang Junjie , Zou Zhen , Ruan Changchun
Published: December 2020

Background: The parasitoid wasp, Trichogramma dendrolimi, can enter diapause at the prepupal stage. Thus, diapause is an efficient preservation method during the mass production of T. dendrolimi. Previous studies on diapause have mainly focused on ecological characteristics, so the molecular basis of diapause in T. dendrolimi is unknown. We compared transcriptomes of diapause and non-diapause T. dendrolimi to identify key genes and pathways involved in diapause development.Results: Transcriptome sequencing was performed on diapause prepupae, pupae after diapause, non-diapause prepupae, and pupae. Analysis yielded a total of 87,022 transcripts with an average length of 1,604 bp. By removing redundant sequences and those without significant BLAST hits, a non-redundant dataset was generated, containing 7,593 sequences with an average length of 3,351 bp. Among them, 5,702 genes were differentially expressed. The result of Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that regulation of transcription, DNA-templated, oxidation-reduction process, and signal transduction were significantly affected. Ten genes were selected for validation using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The changes showed the same trend as between the qPCR and RNA-Seq results. Several genes were identified as involved in diapause, including ribosomal proteins, zinc finger proteins, homeobox proteins, forkhead box proteins, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, Glutathione-S-transferase, p53, and DNA damage-regulated gene 1 (pdrg1). Genes related to lipid metabolism were also included.Conclusions: We generated a large amount of transcriptome data from T. dendrolimi, providing a resource for future gene function research. The diapause-related genes identified help reveal the molecular mechanisms of diapause, in T. dendrolimi, and other insect species.
Improving the efficiency of liver targeting rAAV-mediated homologous recombination using ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors
Authors: Tsuji Shinnosuke , Stevens Calvin , Bortolussi Giulia , Zhang Feijie , Pekrun Katja , Baj Gabriele , de Alencastro Gustavo , Muro Andres , Kay Mark
Published: December 2020

Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors continue to gain popularity for in vivo therapeutic gene delivery. Homologous recombination-based gene therapy using rAAV (AAV-HR) without nucleases has several advantages over classical gene therapy, especially when targeting the liver in neonatal/pediatric populations due to its potential for permanent sustained transgene expression. However, the low efficiency of AAV-HR remains a limitation for some clinical applications. Here, we tested series of small molecule compounds with different mechanisms of action in the context of AAV-HR and identified that ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibitors significantly enhanced the AAV-HR efficiency in mouse and human liver cell lines. Furthermore, short term administration of the RNR inhibitor fludarabine increased the in vivo efficiency of both non-nuclease and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated AAV-HR in the murine liver, without causing toxicity. Mechanistic experiments showed that fludarabine administration induced transient DNA damage signaling in both proliferating and quiescent hepatocytes. Surprisingly, in vivo BrdU labeling implicated that the majority of AAV-HR events occurred in non-proliferating hepatocytes in both fludarabine-treated and control mice. These studies suggested that the induction of transient DNA repair signaling in non-dividing hepatocytes was responsible for enhancing the efficiency of AAV-HR in mice during RNR inhibition. In total, we show the use of a clinically approved RNR inhibitor can enhance AAV-HR based genome editing therapeutics.
Trivalent PROTACs enhance protein degradation through cooperativity and avidity
Authors: Ciulli Alessio , Imaide Satomi , Riching Kristin , Vetma Vesna , Whitworth Claire , Hughes Scott , Trainor Nicole , Mahan Sarah , Murphy Nancy , Chan Kwok-Ho , Testa Andrea , Maniaci Chiara , Urh Marjeta , Daniels Danette
Published: December 2020

Bivalent small-molecule degraders, or proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), work by simultaneously binding a target protein and E3 ubiquitin ligase to produce a ternary complex. To drive target ubiquitination and degradation at low catalytic concentrations, degraders must form appropriately positioned complexes of sufficient stability, aided by intra-complex interactions. We hypothesized these molecular recognition features could be enhanced by increasing binding valency. Here we present trivalent PROTACs as a strategy to boost protein degradation. Our design for a trivalent PROTAC consisted of two BET bromodomain inhibitors and an E3 ligase ligand, each separately tethered via a branched linker. In screening, we identified SIM1, a VHL-based PROTAC, as a highly potent BET degrader, capable of low picomolar degradation for all family members, with preference for BRD2. In functional comparison studies to bivalent PROTACs or inhibitors, SIM1 showed more sustained anti-cancer activity across numerous therapeutically relevant cell lines. Biophysical, biochemical, and cellular mechanistic studies showed SIM1 induces conformational changes upon binding to the BET protein to simultaneously engage with high avidity both its bromodomains in a cis intramolecular fashion. The resulting 1:1:1 complex showed positive cooperativity, high stability and prolonged cellular residence time. We provide proof-of-concept for augmenting the binding valency of proximity-induced modalities as a strategy to leverage both cooperativity and avidity within the ternary complex to advance functional outcomes.
Long-term Prognosis of Vascular Access in Haemodialysis Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Fan-Yu , Chen Chun-Fan , Tan Ann Charis , Chan Chia-Hao , Chen Fu-An , Liu Wen-Sheng , Chen Tz-Heng , Ou Shuo-Ming , Li Szu-Yuan , Tsai Ming-Tsun , Chen Yung-Tai , Lin Chih-Ching
Published: December 2020

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a higher risk of vascular complications. The objective of the study is to analyse the differences in the risk of arteriovenous fistula or graft (AVF/AVG) dysfunction in haemodialysis patients with and without SLE over a 10-year period. A final sample of 1366 SLE and 4098 non-SLE patients remained after propensity score matching. The outcome measure primarily evaluated is the incidence rate of AVF/AVG dysfunction. SLE patients had higher incidence rates of AVF/AVG dysfunction than non-SLE patients in all time periods. Three specific time periods that reached significant difference were the following: (1) after 1 year (incidence rates = 15.21, 13.01, respectively; subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) = 1.15; P = 0.007), (2) 1st-to-10th-year period (incidence rates = 15.36 and 13.25, respectively; SHR = 1.16; P = 0.007), and (3) overall period (incidence rates = 23.53 and 21.66, respectively; SHR = 1.09; P = 0.027). In conclusion, there were significantly higher incidence rates of AVF/AVG dysfunction in SLE patients during the long-term follow-up period in this study.
Learning from retracted papers authored by the highly cited Iran-affiliated researchers: Revisiting research policies and a key message to Clarivate Analytics
Authors: Kamali Negin , Rahimi Farid , Abadi Amin Talebi Bezmin
Published: December 2020

Background The scientific literature is anticipated to self-correct with time. An integral part of this self-correction is the retraction notices identifying flawed scientific papers. Prevalence of retractions has been investigated in different countries and different scholarly disciplines, including surgery, biomedical sciences, and engineering. Reportedly retractions have increased with increasing number of papers from Iran. However, reasons underlying retractions of papers authored by the Iran-affiliated highly cited researchers (HCRs) have not been documented.Result Here, we report that 229 of the Iran-affiliated researchers were listed by the Clarivate Analytics as HCRs. In total, 51 retracted papers were authored by the HCRs as documented by the Retraction Watch Database interrogated from 2006 to 2019. Twenty-three of the 229 HCRs (10%) had at least one paper retracted. One of the listed HCRs had 22 papers retracted; 14 of the 23 (60.8%) had only one paper retracted. Of the 51 papers, 43 (84%) had a single retraction reason, whereas eight had multiple reasons. Among the 43 papers, 23 (53%) were retracted due to fake peer-review, eight (19%) were duplications, six (14%) had errors, four (9%) had plagiarism, and two (5%) were labelled as “limited or no information.” Duplication of data, which is easily preventable, amounted to 27%. The time from publication to retraction of the 51 papers ranged from one to 2,483 (mean 856.6) days.Conclusion Any publishing oversight committed by an HCR should not be tolerated because they represent the stakeholders of the scientific literature and stand as role-models for other peer researchers. Future policies supporting the Iranian academia should radically change by implementation of educational and awareness programs on publishing ethics to reduce the retraction rate.