bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nicotine attenuates global genomic DNA methylation by influencing DNMTs gene expression in human endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Zal Fatemeh , Yarahmadi Amir , Totonchi Hamidreza , Barazesh Mahdi , Moradi Sarabi Mostafa
Published: February 2020

Background

There is increasing evidence indicating an incidence of infertility and also the risk of endometrial cancers among smokers. However, the mechanism underlying nicotine adverse effect on female reproduction remains unclear. Growing evidence has suggested that environmental exposures such as nicotine could modulate the epigenome. No study has yet been published to evaluate the direct effect of nicotine on the epigenome profiling of human endometrial stromal cells (HESC). Herein, we decided to examine the direct effects of nicotine on global genomic DNA methylation status and DNA methyl- transferases (DNMTs) gene expression in HESC. HESC were treated with different doses of nicotine (0 or control, 10− 11, 10− 8 and 10− 6) M for 24 h and their genomic global DNA methylation and gene expression of DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) were investigated using ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively.

Results

Nicotine treatments reduced the average level of DNMTs gene expression by 90, 79, and 73.4% in 10− 11, 10− 8 and 10− 6 M of nicotine treated cells as compared to control cells, respectively (p < 0.05). Also, 10− 8 and 10− 6 M of nicotine concentrations effectively reduced the amounts of 5-methylated cytosine (5-mC) by 1.09 and 1.87% compared to control cells, respectively (p < 0.05). The 5-mC percentages were positively correlated with the relative cellular DNMTs expression in HESC as verified by the Pearson correlation test.

Conclusion

An interesting possibility raised by the current study is that the reduced genomic global DNA methylation level in HESC may be partly due to the suppression of DNMTs gene expression caused by nicotine in these cells.

Graphical abstract
State-of-the-art in the pneumococcal field: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases (ISPPD-11)
Authors:   ISPPD group, Kwambana-Adams Brenda Anna , Mulholland E. Kim , Satzke Catherine
Published: February 2020

The International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases (ISPPD) is the premier global scientific symposium dedicated to the exchange, advancement and dissemination of the latest research on the pneumococcus, one of the world’s deadliest bacterial pathogens. Since the first ISPPD was held in 1998, substantial progress has been made to control pneumococcal disease, for instance, more than half of surviving infants (78.6 million) from 143 countries now have access to the life-saving pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). The 11th ISPPD (ISPPD-11) was held in Melbourne, Australia in April 2018 and the proceedings of the symposium are captured in this report.

Twenty years on from the first ISPPD, there remain many challenges and unanswered questions such as the continued disparity in disease incidence in Indigenous populations, the slow roll-out of PCV in some regions such as Asia, the persisting burden of disease in adults, serotype replacement and diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. ISPPD-11 also put the spotlight on cutting-edge science including metagenomic, transcriptomic, microscopy, medical imaging and mathematical modelling approaches. ISPPD-11 was highly diverse, bringing together 1184 delegates from 86 countries, representing various fields including academia, primary healthcare, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, policymakers and public health.
A standard analysis of Egyptian foreign trade structure for wheat
Authors: Khalil Yehia Mohamed Metwally , Abd El-Ghani Salah Said , Mansour Tamer Gamal Ibrahim
Published: February 2020

Background

Wheat is one of the most important food and strategic crops because it is the main food for most Egyptian people; the research aimed to analyze the structure of the Egyptian foreign trade for wheat by determining the most important economic factors affecting the production, consumption, and imports of wheat. By building a standard model for analyzing the foreign wheat trade market in order to narrow the gap between production and consumption so as not to negatively affect the development rates in Egypt and to alleviate the deficit of the Egyptian trade balance, the research was based on descriptive and quantitative analysis using various measures such as relative importance and averages, simple regression analysis, and Simultaneous Equation System.

Results

There is a positive correlation between the quantity of wheat consumed as a dependent variable and the quantity of imports, local production, real national income, and the population as independent variables. For example, the increase in wheat imports by 1 million tons led to an increase in the quantity consumed by 0.243 million tons; the import equation estimates that the decrease in domestic consumption of wheat by 1 million tons, the import price of wheat by one dollar, and the quantity of wheat stock by 1 million tons each lead to an increase in the quantity of imports of wheat at a rate of 0.97, 0.002, and 0.156 million tons, respectively, while the increase in real national income by 1 billion pounds increases the quantity of imports by about 0.005 million tons.

Conclusions

The study concluded that while the factors affecting Egyptian imports of wheat remain the same, the probability of an increase in the Egyptian import bill increases year after year with a consequent increase in the deficit of the Egyptian trade balance, as well as the agricultural trade balance.
Psychological Interventions for Patients With Advanced Disease: Implications for Oncology and Palliative Care
Authors: Rodin Gary , An Ekaterina , Shnall Joanna , Malfitano Carmine
Published: February 2020

A growing body of research demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of psychological interventions for adult patients with advanced cancer. Findings from quantitative studies of psychotherapeutic interventions with primary psychological outcomes for such patients are reviewed here and recommendations for best practice are made. We consider these interventions according to three broad phases in which they are most commonly applied: soon after diagnosis of advanced cancer, when living with the disease, and at or near the end of life. Cumulative evidence from well-designed studies demonstrates the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for patients with advanced disease to relieve and prevent depression, anxiety, and distress related to dying and death, as well as to enhance the sense of meaning and preparation for end of life. Individual and couple-based interventions have been proven to be most feasible, and the development and use of tailored and validated measures has enhanced the rigor of research and clinical care. Palliative care nurses and physicians can be trained to deliver many such interventions, but a core of psychosocial clinicians, including social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists, is usually required to train other health professionals in their delivery and to ensure their quality. Few of the interventions for which there is evidence of effectiveness have been routinely incorporated into oncology or palliative care. Advocacy on the basis of this evidence is required to build psychosocial resources in cancer treatment settings and to ensure that psychological care receives the same priority as other aspects of palliative care in oncology.
The influence of host genetics on the microbiome
Authors: Tabrett Alexandra , Horton Matthew W.
Published: February 2020

It is well understood that genetic differences among hosts contribute to variation in pathogen susceptibility and the ability to associate with symbionts. However, it remains unclear just how influential host genes are in shaping the overall microbiome. Studies of both animal and plant microbial communities indicate that host genes impact species richness and the abundances of individual taxa. Analyses of beta diversity (that is, overall similarity), on the other hand, often conclude that hosts play a minor role in shaping microbial communities. In this review, we discuss recent attempts to identify the factors that shape host microbial communities and whether our understanding of these communities is affected by the traits chosen to represent them.
RESEARCH A SUCKING ACT OF CALVES
Authors: Zagidullin Lenar , Shaydullin Radik , Hisamov Rifat , Kayumov Rubin , Lomakin Igor'
Published: February 2020

The article describes a new device for studying the act of sucking in animals. The device is designed to record the parameters that occur during the sucking act: compression forces, pushing forces, rarefaction, their amplitudes, frequencies and phases. Studies were conducted among 10 calves at different ages to determine the parameters of the sucking process. It was found that the minimum dilution in the oral cavity of a calf is observed at 2 days of age - 10.5 kPa. At 7 days of age, it amounted to 14.9 kPa, at 12 days of age - 17.3. The maximum value is observed at 28 days of age - 27.1 kPa. The compression force on the nipple also increases with age. If at 2 days of age it is 28.8 N, then at 28 days of age it is 59.1 N. When sucking, calves push the udder with an effort of 28.0 (2 days old), 31.3 (7 days) 38.9 (12 days), 46.1 (17 days), 50.1 (22 days) and 51.2 N (28 days). The frequency of sucking movements varies from 1.8 to 2.3 Hz, respectively, at 2 and 28 days of age.
FORECAST EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE VALUES OF FUEL INJECTION PRESSURE OF COMMON RAIL SYSTEM
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir , Semenov Aleksandr , Gavrilov Vladislav , Novikov Aleksey , Volhonov M.
Published: February 2020

In engineering practice, forecasting is considered to be the most effective methods for assessing reliability indicators and determining expected technical and economic indicators, taking into account the technical level of improving the diesel power system. The solution of such problems requires a description of changes in the parameters of objects at different points in time. The purpose of the research is to predict the possible values of the fuel injection pressure of the Common Rail system for the near future for the timely creation of operating conditions, maintenance and repair measures. A statistical method was used to predict changes in the fuel injection pressure in the diesel power system. The forecasting technique included the stages of analyzing the initial information, choosing the analytical dependence of the change in the considered parameter in the past, extrapolating the resulting dependence for the forecast period and evaluating the results. The choice of analytical dependences of changes in the estimated pressure value was carried out by the method of least squares. The degree of connection between the considered analytical dependence and the line constructed from the initial data was determined by the value of the correlation coefficient. As the technical, economic and environmental requirements become more stringent, the requirements for the power supply system of internal combustion engines are growing, which necessitates an increase in the functionality of the fuel equipment, primarily in terms of the value of the fuel injection pressure. The paper considers the results of a predictive assessment of possible values of injection pressure of the Common Rail fuel system. The results of the study make it possible to predict an increase in the fuel injection pressure of the Common Rail system by 2026 up to 300 MPa. To ensure high indicators of technical readiness of the enterprises of technical service of diesel fuel equipment, it is necessary to take into account possible changes in the values of the fuel injection pressure in the future
MONITORING OF BASIC PARAMETERS OF SOIL FERTILITY USING GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Kostin Il'ya , Malysheva Elena
Published: February 2020

The studies were carried out with the aim of developing and implementing a module for determining the degree of cultivation and soil quality for geographic information systems using the example of “GIS Agroecologist Online”. The geoinformation system database includes a reference book of soil bonitet, depending on the type of soil, particle size distribution and degree of erosion. Based on this directory, the weighted average soil tolerance is calculated for the site. Soil subtypes that fall within the boundaries of the site can be viewed using the appropriate cartogram, as well as in the interface for viewing the soil erosion characteristics of the site, which displays information about the area of each soil subtype and its bonitet, the prevailing degree of erosion and particle size distribution. The calculation of the culture index is carried out in 2 stages according to the method of T.N. Kulakovskaya. First, a relative index is calculated for each indicator used to assess fertility, which is the ratio of the difference between the actual and minimum index to the difference between the optimal and minimum values of the indicator. At the second stage, the soil cultivation index is calculated, which is calculated as the average value of all relative indices. Based on the results of calculating fertility indicators for each site, a cartogram of the degree of cultivation is automatically built, which can be viewed in the context of the district, organization and department. On the cartogram, you can clearly see areas with each degree of cultivation. A high and medium soil cultivation index indicates a high level of fertility, and a very low and low indicates possible problems. Using this cartogram, it is easy to identify problem areas, if any. When monitoring the main indicators of soil fertility, this functionality is used for each cycle of agrochemical examination. This functionality can also be used in determining the cadastral value of the plot
Is Market Timing Good for Shareholders?
Authors: Babenko Ilona , Tserlukevich Yuri , Wan Pengcheng
Published: February 2020

Corporations often transact in their own mispriced stock. This activity, known as equity market timing, can generate substantial profits and increase the long-term stock price. We challenge a closely related popular view that market timing always benefits firm shareholders. Opportunistic financing maneuvers by a firm can negatively affect its uninformed stock owners because of adverse selection and the change in the firm’s short-term price, whereas the long-term returns do not accumulate to departing stockholders. The negative effect of market timing on stockholders increases with the share turnover. Furthermore, the effect of timing is asymmetric: shareholders prefer that the firm corrects underpricing rather than overpricing. Our theory can be used to better interpret the observed stock issuance and repurchase activities of firms.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Priorities of palliative care: comparison of perspectives of patients and nurses in a haemodialysis ward in Iran
Authors: Sarafi Shima , Forouzi Mansooreh Azizzadeh , Tirgari Batool
Published: February 2020

Background:

Palliative care is an important branch of nursing care. Patients with end-stage renal disease, owing to the chronic nature of the disease, will require palliative care, with nursing staff being responsible for delivering these services. Understanding the priorities of this type of care from the perspective of patients and nursing staff can be helpful in delivering it effectively and efficiently. This study was conducted to determine and compare palliative care priorities from the perspectives of patients and nursing staff in a haemodialysis ward in Iran.

Method:

This research is a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study with a sample size equal to the research population (322 patients and 45 nursing staff) in a haemodialysis ward in Kerman, Iran. Data were collected using two self-administered questionnaires that included demographic information and palliative care priorities. Data were analysed using SPSS19 with central tendency and dispersion indicators (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis, independent t, ANOVA and one-way ANOVA). The significance level was P<0.05.

Results:

The mean total score (± standard deviation) of palliative care priorities from the patients' and nurses' perspective was 268.83±3.90 and 271.11±29.76, respectively, which was categorised for both groups as ‘high priority’. From the patients' perspective, the highest mean score was obtained from ‘supporting patient with insurance concerns’, while the lowest mean score was derived from ‘managing diarrhoea’. The nurses also believed that ‘managing and relief of pain’ had the highest priority and ‘bloating’ had the lowest priority in palliative care. From the perspective of both groups, holistic support and relief of physical disorders had the highest and lowest mean scores, respectively. Further, the mean scores of palliative care priorities did not differ significantly from the perspective of patients and nursing staff in the haemodialysis ward (P=0.68).

Conclusion:

Palliative care is a high priority for both haemodialysis patients and nursing staff and both groups prioritised it similarly. As palliative care has not yet been initiated formally across all treatment centres in Iran, it is necessary to prioritise its inclusion within the renal and haemodialysis wards in Iran and provide further training or education for nurses to ensure they are equipped to deliver effective and informed palliative care.
Research Roundup
Authors: Heggs Karen
Published: February 2020

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care
Graduating nurses' knowledge of palliative and end-of-life care
Authors: Cleary Ann Selena
Published: February 2020

Background:

Generalist nurses frequently care for people who have advanced chronic diseases in decline, or who are dying. Few studies have measured graduating nurses' knowledge about end-of-life (EoL) care.

Aims:

To measure and compare knowledge about EoL care using the palliative care quiz for nurses among two cohorts of graduating nurses in a baccalaureate nursing programme.

Methods:

A quantitative cross-sectional survey design using a convenience sample of two cohorts of students.

Findings:

Total mean scores were low at 44.5% and 46.5% for the cohorts, respectively; this was not statistically significant. Misconceptions related to presentation and symptom management of the dying patient and integration of palliative with acute care. Palliative care knowledge was higher among the cohort who completed the dedicated EoL care course.

Conclusion:

Significant misconceptions about EoL care exist among these graduating nurses; this information provides direction for curriculum revision.
Palliative care: Kuwait
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: February 2020

Dion Smyth's review of palliative nursing on the internet
Renal bone disease: a dietitian's perspective
Authors: Kander Ruth
Published: February 2020

Renal bone disease increases morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease by increasing the risk for fractures, osteoporosis and other bone problems and its association with cardiovascular disease, including calcification and arterial stiffness. Treatment of renal bone disease is through a combination of three main methods to reduce phosphate levels: dietary restriction of high-phosphate foods; dialysis clearance; and the use of phosphate binders to prevent its absorption.
Travelling and dialysis
Authors: Palmer Nicholas
Published: February 2020

As a result of their condition, kidney care patients have to take many extra factors into consideration when planning everyday activities. Nicholas Palmer describes some of the additional steps needed for a family holiday.
Risk calculator helps GPs predict which kidney disease patients need hospital care
Authors: Hinchen Billy
Published: February 2020

A new study has discovered a way to help GPs predict which people with kidney disease are more likely to go on to develop kidney failure and need dialysis or a kidney transplant in the future.
Are leadership and management different?
Authors: Ellis Peter , Abbott Jane
Published: February 2020

Peter Ellis discusses some of the definitions of leadership and management and considers the similarities and difference between the two notions. He concludes that, in many ways, it is not the definitions that matter, but how individuals exercising power behave.
Research roundup
Authors: Welyczko Nikki
Published: February 2020

In this section, Nikki Welyczko presents a brief synopsis of a range of recently published articles that may be of interest to nurses working in the renal setting. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary and critique, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Responding to errors in the storage, handling, and administration of vaccines
Authors: Youssef Dalia , Mearkle Rachel , Ford Karen
Published: February 2020

The storage, handling, and administration of vaccines is a complex process. When errors occur, practice nurses must respond appropriately. Dalia Youssef, Rachel Mearkle and Karen Ford provide an overview of recent guidance and advice on how to avoid and deal with vaccine incidents

Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions. It helps to prevent infectious disease and save lives. However, the storage, handling, and administration of vaccines is a complex process that is not immune to error. Vaccine incidents—including interruption of the cold chain—can undermine vaccine quality and efficacy, and, in some cases, this could require revaccination of patients. In September 2019, Public Health England published updated guidance about responding to errors in the storage, handling, and administration of vaccines. This article provides an overview of this guidance and includes practical advice on how to avoid and deal with common vaccine-related incidents.
Men's health inequalities: a local, national and global issue
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: February 2020

In many key areas, men's health outcomes are worse than women's. Ian Peate discusses the reasons for these health inequalities and how the practice nurse can help to erradicate them

In many key areas, men's health outcomes are worse than women's. In the UK, there has been no strategic response to men's health needs at a national or local level. The chief causes for these differences in health outcomes are associated with men's risk taking behaviours, such as alcohol use, diet, and smoking, non-communicable diseases, and under-use of health services. When there are ‘gender-sensitive’ health interventions that have been aimed specifically at men, these have been shown to improve men's outcomes. Taking seriously the unique needs of men in policy development, implementation and evaluation, including further expansion of nurse-led initiatives, has the potential to make a difference to men's health.
SAFER PRACTICES: reducing the risk of diagnostic errors
Authors: Silverston Paul
Published: February 2020

Diagnostic errors are relatively common in general practice. Paul Silverston describes a mnemonic-based system to prevent and detect these errors

Diagnostic errors in primary care are relatively common and they have the potential to cause serious harm to patients. Up to 80% of these errors are believed to be preventable. This article describes a mnemonic-based system that practice nurses can use to prevent diagnostic errors from arising, as well as to detect these errors when they occur. The mnemonic is designed to be used pre-consultation to reduce the risk of errors arising through better preparation; during the consultation, as a diagnostic error checklist; and after the consultation to encourage reflective practice and critical thinking.
Improving uptake of influenza vaccination in primary care
Authors: Nickalls Kelly
Published: February 2020

Kelly Nickalls looks at how NICE's new quality standard on improving uptake of influenza vaccination can be used in general practice
Vegetation analysis and population of tarsier (Tarsius spectrumgurskyae) at Batuputih Nature Tourism Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: ARRIJANI  , MUHAMMAD RIZKI
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Arrijani, Rizki M. 2019. Vegetation analysis and population of tarsier (Tarsius spectrumgurskyae) at Batuputih Nature Tourism Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 530-537. Tangkasi or Tarsius (Tarsius spectrumgurskyae) is a world’s smallest primate, which categorized as an endemic and protected species inhabited Sulawesi Island. Batuputih Nature Tourism Park (Batuputih NTP) at Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve, Bitung City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia is one of the habitats of the primate. The research aimed to characterize the habitats of Tarsius that include physical and vegetation characteristics and to figuring out the nest distribution and estimation of the population of this species. The vegetation data were sampled using a quadrat sampling technique around Tarsius nests. The Tarsius population was estimated along a 2 km transect line with the distance 50 m to the left and right across the line (the total width 100 m (0.1 km). Meanwhile, to calculate population abundance (Overall estimate of population size/abundance) can be obtained by multiplying population densities with the total area of ​​all observations. The result revealed that the vegetation types of Tarsius habitats were dominated by tree species which associated with Liana from the family Araliaceae, among them include Spathodea campanulata, Ailanthus integrifolia, Kleinhovia hospital, Alstonia scholaris, Garuga floribunda, Arenga pinnata, and two sleeping trees without accosiated from the species of Ficus tinctoria and Ficus variegata. Tarsius life in groups with 2-8 individuals per group. The estimation of population density was found that there were 270 individuals/km or 2.7 individuals/ha and their total abundance around 1660 individuals of Tarsius lived in Batuputih NTP.
Preference and development of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in whole grain and flour form of five corn varieties
Authors: Ludji Pantja Astuti  , YUNITA EKA LESTARI  , RINA RACHMAWATI  , Mutalaliah
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Astuti LP, Lestari YA, Rachmawati R, Mutala’liah. 2020. Preference and development of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on whole grain and flour form of five corn varieties. Biodiversitas 21: 564-569. Red flour beetle can cause detrimental loss on stored corn during storage period. The usual forms of stored corn are whole grain and flour form. However, the information about the infestation on both form of stored corn is limited, therefore this research aims to investigate the feeding preference and development of Tribolium castaneum on various corn varieties (Pioneer 21, Pioneer 29, Pertiwi 3, Bisi 18, and Bisma) in whole grain and flour form. The research was conducted on Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, University of Brawijaya from February until March 2016. The feeds for treatment were Pioneer 21, Pioneer 29, Pertiwi 3, Bisi 18, and Bisma in whole grain and flour form. The observed variables were the adult presence, adult mortality, the number of eggs, larvae, pupae, F1 progeny emerged, the developmental period of eggs, larvae, and pupae, egg-adult, and life cycle. Data analyzed by ANOVA and followed by LSD at 5%. The results showed that T. castaneum was more preferred to colonize and oviposition in Pioneer 21 flour than others i.e. 13.33 adults and 145 eggs. Similarly, on the population growth of T. castaneum, the highest number of eggs, larvae, pupae, and F1 progeny emerged was on Pioneer 21 flour i.e. 196 eggs, 179.67 larvae, 83.67 pupae, and 73.33 adults, respectively. Moreover, the fastest developmental period of egg, larva, and pupa, egg-adult and life cycle was also in Pioneer 21 flour i.e., 5.5, 26.77, 5.97, 38.23, and 41.87 days, respectively. Pioneer 21 corn variety has high protein content, therefore it is suitable for T. castaneum development.
Start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism reveals genetic diversity of Manilkara in Thailand
Authors: Vanijajiva Ongkarn
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Vanijajiva O. 2020. Start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism reveals genetic diversity of Manilkara in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 666-673. Manilkara consists of four species, namely, Manilkara hexandra, M. kauki, M. littoralis, and M. zapota in Thailand. Particularly, M. zapota (sapodilla), commonly known as Lamut in Thailand, is one of commercially notable edible fruits continues to be a highly valued tree and the fruits are a source of food and income. The objective of this research was to determine the diversity and relationship of Manilkara accessions derived from districts in Thailand based on DNA profiles. Genetic diversity and relationship of all accessions were investigated using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) marker analysis. Of 30 SCoT primers screened, 27 SCoT primers were identified to be polymorphism. A total of 176 DNA bands with size varied from 120 bp to 1200 bp were amplified, and 101 (57.38%) of them were polymorphic. Based on similarity coefficients, total of 36 accessions were clustered into two groups. The cluster of polymorphism generated by SCoT was associated with their locality and morphological characters. Therefore, the present data provide high-valued information for the management of germplasm, genetic improvement, and conservation of the genetic resources of Manilkara accessions.
Seed longevity of Buchanania siamensis in reclaiming salt-affected areas in Thailand
Authors: KU-OR Yongkriat , NISA LEKSUNGNOEN  , CHATCHAI NGERNSAENGSARUAY  , TUSHAR ANDRIYAS
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Ku-or Y, Leksungnoen N, Ngernsaengsaruay C, Andriyas T. 2020. Seed longevity of Buchanania siamensis Miq. in reclaiming salt-affected areas in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 743-747. Inland salinity is a grave threat to soil fertility as it causes loss of arable land. Salt-tolerant species, such as Buchanania siamensis Miq., can be used for the reclamation of land affected by salinity. We investigated the appropriate conditions to store the seeds of B. siamensis and the storage duration after which the seeds can still germinate. Storage methods included cooling at 4°C and storing at room temperature (between 25-30°C). Seeds kept at 4°C had low germination (6.75% ± 1.71), with longevity of only up to a week, compared to seeds stored at room temperature, which had germination of 94% ± 4.00 and could be stored for more than 200 days. Seed-longevity test was conducted at 14 levels (the number of storage days). Germination was reduced by 50% after 3.5 months, indicating that the seed could only be stored for the short term. The seeds were classified as having an intermediate behavior in which the germination increased exponentially with increasing seed moisture content. We recommend that seeds be stored at a temperature between 25 and 30°C, with sowing done within 3.5 months to obtain germination at or above 50%.
Traditional agro-management practices, utilization and nutritional composition of momala: A local maize variety of Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: NOVRI YOULA KANDOWANGKO  , MARGARETHA SOLANG  , ERNA RETNAWATY
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Kandowangko NY, Solang M, Retnawaty E. 2020. Traditional agro-management practices, utilization and nutritional composition of Momola-a local maize variety of Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 853-859. Maize (Zea mays, L.) or corn, locally called milu or binthe (Gorontalo language), has been a popular crop among Gorontalo people for a long time. People mostly use baby corn as the main ingredient of binthe biluhuta, famous traditional food in Gorontalo. momala is a local maize variety of Gorontalo the cultivation of which is decreasing. The cause is a shift in farmers’ preference of the crop, most of them preferring hybrid variety over momala. Decrease in cultivating local maize has also led to a decline in the local farmers’ traditional knowledge of the crop. Therefore, initiatives to raise awareness of the importance of cultivating local crops are essential for their popularization and conservation purposes. This research is aimed at (i) exploring the traditional knowledge of local farmers pertaining to agro-management of maize or corn, (ii) describing the utilization of momala, and (iii) investigating the nutritional composition of momala, both by qualitative and quantitative methods The results revealed that the corn farmers apply the principle of huyula or gotong royong (communal work) in their agriculture activities. The people are using momala corn as the main ingredient of local food preparations, such as binthe biluhuta (clear corn soup), balobinthe (corn rice), and kokole (soft, pudding-like corn cake), in addition to some traditional rituals. Nutritional analysis indicated that its ash content is 1.34-2.86%, crude protein is 9.09-11.67% crude fat is 4.29-4.96%, and carbohydrate is 67.68-68.16%. Furthermore, the composition of nitrogen-free extract ranges from 57.85-72.96% and metabolic energy content ranges from 2896.94-3352.77 Kcal/kg. Measures to conserve and improve momala are necessary to promote food security of people.
Potency of aloe extract as immunostimulant for carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Aeromonas salmonicida
Authors: Andayani Sri , M. SULAIMAN DADIONO  , WIDYA TRI ELWIRA  , FEBBY HADI SETYAWAN
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Andayani S, Dadiono MS, Elwira WT, Setyawan FH. 2020. Potency of aloe extract as immunostimulant for carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Aeromonas salmonicida. Biodiversitas 21: 860-864. The objective of the study was to be able to know the cellular and humoral non-specific immune response to Aeromonas salmonicida after aloe extract administration. This study employed Complete Randomized Design with 3 treatments and 3 replications, control treatment (K), A =2 ppm of aloe extract application in the media, B = 16 ppm of aloe extract in the media, and C = 30 ppm of aloe extract in the media. The extract was given through one-hour soaking at day 0 and day 7, and then challenge-tested to 107 cells.ml-1 of A. salmonicida into the media for one day. Results showed that administration of aloe extract could raise plasma protein levels from 443.0 to 662.0 mg.Kg-1 antibody from 1.2576 to 3.3974, and phagocytic activity from 30.61% to 45.94%. Similarly, the differential value of leucocyte (lymphocyte from 58.6% to 73.70%, neutrophils from 6.09 to 8%, and monocyte from 5.70% to 7.72%). As conclusion, aloe extract at the dose of 2 ppm could raise the cellular and humoral non-specific immune. Therefore, the use of aloe extract as immunostimulant at the dose of 2 ppm applied through immersion could also apply other methods, such as oral and injection.
PROBABLE RAINFALL OF DIVINÓPOLIS CITY, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Vieira Felipe Rodolfo , Thebaldi Michael Silveira , Silveira Bruno Gonçalves , Barros Nogueira Virgílio Henrique
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper was to analyze the behavior of non-parametric statistical distributions on the prediction of probable monthly and total annual rainfall as well as to determine the monthly and annual probable rainfall with different levels of probability for Divinópolis, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The analysis consisted in adjusting the theoretical probability distribution to a data series of 66 years of monthly and annual rainfall. The data were obtained from the Hidroweb service, controlled by the National Water Agency (ANA, in Portuguese). The frequency distributions of Gumbel for Maximus, Fréchet and Gamma were adjusted to the observed series, where the adherence of these models to the data were tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Chi-Squared test, both with 5% of probability. The model that best represented, in most cases, the frequency distributions of the series of total monthly precipitation was Gumbel for Maximus, while the Fréchet model had the worst result, not fitting to the data of the historical series for both tests performed in the study. The probable monthly maximum precipitation for Divinópolis is 527 mm, associated with a probability of 5% and for January, while the lowest one is 0.0042 mm, with probability of 95% in July.
IT-Backsourcing – Empirische Erkenntnisse und Handlungsempfehlungen für eine erfolgreiche Re-Integration der IT-Serviceerbringung
Authors: von Bary Benedikt , Westner Markus , Strahringer Susanne
Published: February 2020

IT-Backsourcing bezeichnet die Re-Integration vormals outgesourcter IT-Services zurück zum auslagernden Unternehmen. Die vorliegende Studie stellt die Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter IT-Managern zu Einflussfaktoren von IT-Backsourcing-Entscheidungen vor. Es lässt sich feststellen, dass IT-Backsourcing von Unternehmen in unterschiedlichen Branchen und für eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen IT-Services, wie z. B. Applikationsentwicklung oder Infrastruktur-Leistungen, durchgeführt wird. Hauptgründe für die Entscheidung für ein IT-Backsourcing sind mangelnde Qualität, hohe Kosten sowie eine schlechte Beziehung zum IT-Dienstleister. Die Ergebnisse der Umfrage zeigen, dass diejenigen Unternehmen, die sich für ein Backsourcing entschieden haben, nach der Entscheidung insgesamt zufriedener waren als diejenigen, die in einer Outsourcing-Beziehung geblieben sind. Zudem werden verschiedene Handlungsempfehlungen für IT-Manager aufgezeigt. Zur Ausarbeitung einer zukunftsorientieren IT-Sourcing-Strategie empfiehlt es sich, eine service-spezifische Sourcing-Strategie zu verfolgen und entsprechend spezialisierte Dienstleister einzusetzen. Im Falle einer Entscheidung für ein IT-Backsourcing sollten verschiedene Erfolgsfaktoren beachtetet werden, wie z. B. eine frühzeitige Neubesetzung von Schlüsselstellen sowie ein lückenloser Wissenstransfer.
Towards a vital pedagogy: Learning from anti-ableist practice in art education
Authors: Penketh Claire
Published: February 2020

Art education has the potential to promote inclusive education for all children and young people. However, the pervasive discourse of special education, with an emphasis on individual deficit, support and remediation, can dominate our thinking about the relationship between disability and art education. This article reports on an attempt to resist the limitations of such discourses by introducing anti-ableist, crip theory to art educators (n=48). Visual and textual storyboards enabled practitioners to present, reflect and revise projects from a committed anti-ableist position. Modified projects reflected an awareness of the benefits of multi-sensory approaches, the advantages of interdependency and a greater resonance with contemporary arts practice. Acknowledging the challenges of taking theory to practice, the article suggests that anti-ableist theory can promote a vital pedagogy in art education. It concludes that crip theory can provoke practice-based resistance to deficit-based models of disability.
Autism and outsiderism: The art of George Widener
Authors: Wexler Alice
Published: February 2020

Until recently, Outsider Art has escaped the examination that has been given other colonialist labels, such as Orientalism and Primitivism. Contemporary artists, such as George Widener, who slip in between mainstream and Outsider artworlds, pose lingering questions about this category. As an autistic artist, Widener also upends the misrepresentations about the spectrum in both the artworld and art education. I suggest that although Widener does not serve as a representative of the autistic or Outsider Art communities, he does serve as an example of entrenched notions of art and disability in these worlds. In this article, I ask how labels might be discarded so that we can enjoy artists who tell us about the neuro-diverse interior of individuals. Removed from outwardly imposed categories, we might re-imagine art in society and art in schools.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE FULL IMPLEMENTATION OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING AS A CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TOOL
Authors: Saha Swapan , Jessup Scott
Published: February 2020

There has been growing concern about the efficiency of the Australian construction industry. It has been identified that inefficiencies due to industry fragmentation has significant impacts on the way construction projects are delivered. It is largely believed that Building Information Modeling (BIM) has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency of a project throughout its entire lifecycle. The main focus of BIM research has, up until now, been principally focused on its ever increasing use in the design phase of a project. The construction phase of a project has been largely overlooked, particularly the implementation of BIM during this phase of a project.. A mixed method approach has been utilised in this study comprising of quantitative and qualitative techniques. The quantitative method was conducted through the distribution of a statistically analysed questionnaire survey to a sample population of construction professionals within Australia. Concurrently, the qualitative method of analysis is conducted through case studies of selected construction projects with some involvement of BIM. Through the research, it was proven that Australian construction projects are far from the full utilisation of BIM as a construction management tool. The factors affecting BIM’s utilisation were also discovered in this research and validated through statistical analysis of the population data found by the questionnaire survey.
A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR METHODS OF MEASUREMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Magdy Abdelrahman , Ezeldin Samer
Published: February 2020

Cost estimation of any construction project depends on issuing the Bill of Quantities which defines and quantifies the work items of any project to be priced. When preparing these bills, a set of guiding rules can be used to ease the preparation which is known as the Method of Measurement. Some institutions issued standard Method of Measurements such as the CESMM, NRM and POMI. Each Method of Measurement has its own characteristics and uses. The use of these standard Methods of Measurement is studied in this paper for the civil and building projects in the Middle East by preparing a questionnaire to be distributed and returned on quantity surveyors in the Middle East. The Results are analyzed and the findings are used to construct a decision support system that automates the process of selection of the suitable standard method of measurement for civil or building projects based on some project parameters. The model was validated by comparing its results with those in real life projects. A conclusion was reached the standard Methods of Measurement are used with POMI having most uses followed by CESMM unlike NRM that has least use so the model can give suitable choice for the Method of Measurement in civil projects unlike building projects since NRM is issued recently and still not used in Middle Eastern projects.
MANAGING MULTICULTURAL VIRTUAL ENGINEERING TEAMS
Authors: Busada Rania , Ezeldin Samer
Published: February 2020

With the global trend towards internationalization, there is a need to understand the parameters that determine the success of the multicultural and multi-located teams. This research is intended to explore the performance of multicultural and multi-located teams operating in Egypt and the various managerial approaches required to enhance these teams’ work efficiency. The research employed a qualitative-quantitative experiment on multicultural and multi-located teams in one of the foreign firms operating in Egypt. The groups’ performance was analyzed using Porter’s Model and a framework was proposed. The proposed framework was verified through three phase experiment. The final framework developed included organizational culture, mechanism for staff recruitment, communication, leadership styles and decision making approaches. This framework is intended to assist in enhancing the operation of the multicultural and multi-located design engineering teams in Egypt.
CAUSES OF VARIATION ORDERS FOR MEGA CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Ezeldin Samer , El-Sadek Amr Khaled
Published: February 2020

Variations or change orders are inevitable in any construction project. They are defined as any change that happens in the scope of the project. Change is an additional scope of work, omission, or even alteration. This paper presents the main causes of variation orders in MENA region represented by Egypt. The research investigates the causes, as identified by clients, consultants, and contractors. It classifies them into four main categories: owner related, contractor related, consultant related, and other causes. The top 10 most important causes are ranked among the opinion of each party. The study reveals that the top 3 causes are: 1) The client instruction of additional works; 2) The contractor using ambiguous areas in the contract to request variations, and 3) continuous changes in the project schedule. A comparison about causes of variations was performed between Egypt, Palestine, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom. Furthermore, a model is proposed to provide the user with a scale that predicts the effect of the events triggering variations on both project cost and time.
ANALYTICAL STUDY ON PILED-RAFT FOUNDATION CONSIDERING NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF GIBSON SOIL
Authors: Huang He , Yamamoto Haruyuki
Published: February 2020

Randolph (1994) was proposed simplified estimated equations to carried out the proportion of load between the components of piled-raft foundation. These equations are based on elastic theory. Therefore, Authors focus on the point of applicability for nonlinear behavior of soil. This paper is a part of study on behavior of piled-raft foundation under considering the nonlinear behavior of ground. Authors already discussed the effect of nonlinear behavior of soil on the equations by Randolph. In addition, as the extension of research, authors also discussed the applicability of these equations for irregular raft shape. However, foundations were rarely set in an ideal homogeneous single soil layer in our previous studies. Therefore, the applicability of these equations are discussed in case of inhomogeneous soil (Gibson soil) in this paper.
BUILDING THE EDUCATION REVOLUTION (BER) PROGRAM: GOVERNING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT POLICIES
Authors: Kolar Duro , Walker Derek H.T. , Wong Peter S.P.
Published: February 2020

The project world is plagued with the interest and influence of diverse stakeholders shaping major project policy strategies. From deception, strategic manipulation to illusions of control, stakeholders using power and any other means to influence project strategies to achieve their desired ends: the tribalism and Machiavellianism of the project world. Governing tribalism or Machiavellianism especially at the front-end of projects is absolutely essential for project policy success. But how does a project manager shape a major project policy into success? The purpose of this research is to investigate tribalism and Machiavellianism and implement the necessary governance mechanisms to shape the implementation of project policies to optimize its success. This requires a deep understanding of human relational behavior. A case study approach was adopted that investigated Australia’s largest infrastructure program in history, the AUD $16.2 billion Building the Education Revolution (BER) program, which was plagued with power and politics and Machiavellianism of the project world. Factors such as collective institutional leadership with formal and informal governance mechanisms in rationalizing decisions were identified as essential aspects from the case study. It was also revealed that if the factors are implemented at the front-end of project policies and managed appropriately it could significantly limit the potentness of the tribal or Machiavelli plague and optimize the chances of project policy success.