bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oncologic Outcomes of Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy with Extended Lymph Node Dissection: 10‐year Experience from a Single Center
Authors: Ninomiya Itasu , Okamoto Kouichi , Fujimura Takashi , Fushida Sachio , Osugi Harushi , Ohta Tetsuo
Published: October 2013

Background

The oncologic feasibility of video‐assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer has yet to be proven. We evaluated the oncologic outcome of VATS‐esophagectomy by reviewing our 10‐year experience, with particular emphasis on the effect of lymph node dissection.

Methods

From January 2003 to December 2012, 146 patients with esophageal cancer underwent completion of VATS‐esophagectomy in the left lateral position.

Results

The mean follow‐up period was 37.1 months. Forty‐six patients (31.5 %) had recurrence of cancer. Primary recurrence was hematogenous, lymphatic, peritoneal dissemination, pleural dissemination, locoregional, or port site in 20 (13.7 %), 23 (15.8 %), 2 (1.4 %), 5 (3.4 %), 4 (2.7 %), and 1 (0.67 %) patients, respectively. Pleural dissemination occurred more frequently after noncurative operation than curative operation (p = 0.010). The frequency of lymphatic metastasis within the mediastinal regional lymph nodes in the dissection field was only 5.5 %. The overall 5‐year survival rate of stage I, II, and III disease after curative VATS‐esophagectomy was 79.1, 77.9, and 56.7 %, respectively. T4 tumor, lymph node metastasis, R1 or 2, and concomitant lymph node metastasis in the cervical, mediastinal, and abdominal fields were indicators of unfavorable outcome. The lymph nodes in the abdominal region and those around the bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) were frequent metastasis sites. Patients who had metastasis only around RLNs had favorable survival comparable to node‐negative cases after curative VATS‐esophagectomy.

Conclusions

Video‐assisted thorascopic‐esophagectomy has an excellent locoregional control effect with favorable oncologic outcome. The lymph node dissection procedure by VATS‐esophagectomy has survival benefit for the patients having lymph node metastasis around bilateral RLNs.
Optimization of Ethanol‐Ultrasound‐Assisted Destabilization of a Cream Recovered from Enzymatic Extraction of Soybean Oil
Authors: Li Yang , Sui Xiaonan , Qi Baokun , Zhang Yan , Feng Hongxia , Zhang Yana , Jiang Lianzhou , Wang Tong
Published: October 2013

A novel method using ethanol and ultrasound to extract oil from cream obtained from enzyme‐assisted aqueous extraction of soybean oil was developed. To evaluate the relationships between operating variables and free oil yield and to maximize the free oil yield, response surface methodology was introduced in this work. The developed regression model was fitted with R2 = 0.9591. Optimized variables were: ethanol concentration of 73 %, ethanol addition volume of 0.55 L/kg, ultrasound power of 427 W, ultrasound time of 47 s, and ultrasound temperature of 53 °C. The free oil yield from the cream under the above conditions was 92.6 ± 3.4 %. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on ethanol‐treated cream, and the SEM images clearly showed that the ultrasound treatment affected dispersing and fracturing of the microstructure of ethanol‐treated cream.
Induced membrane technique for the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia: Preliminary results of five cases
Authors: Pannier Stéphanie , Pejin Zagorka , Dana Caroline , Masquelet Alain Charles , Glorion Christophe
Published: October 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the two-stage surgical technique combining induced membrane, spongy autograft and intramedullary fixation for the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT).

Methods

Three boys and two girls were treated by this technique between 2003 and 2008. All patients had type IV CPT in Crawford's classification. Four of them had a limited dystrophic form, whereas one case presented an extensive tibia bone dystrophy. The average age of patients at the time of surgery was 23 months (range 10–30 months), with an average follow-up of 5.8 years (range 2.4–8.1 years).

Results

Satisfactory tibial bony union was achieved in all cases at the last follow-up. Bone healing was obtained in the four limited forms after an average term of 4 months. One patient suffered from a non-displaced fracture that healed by casting in a usual period of time. The patient with an extensive dystrophic bone had to undergo a secondary inter-tibiofibular bone graft to finally achieve bone union.

Conclusions

The preliminary results show that this technique is successful in CPT. It may be used even in young children and offers a good alternative to other treatments available, avoiding external fixation and the technical difficulties of microvascular surgery.
Identification and characterization of a matrix protein (PPP‐10) in the periostracum of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata
Authors: Nakayama Seiji , Suzuki Michio , Endo Hirotoshi , Iimura Kurin , Kinoshita Shigeharu , Watabe Shugo , Kogure Toshihiro , Nagasawa Hiromichi
Published: October 2013

The periostracum is a layered structure that is formed as a mollusk shell grows. The shell is covered by the periostracum, which consists of organic matrices that prevent decalcification of the shell. In the present study, we discovered the presence of chitin in the periostracum and identified a novel matrix protein, Pinctada fucata periostracum protein named PPP‐10. It was purified from the sodium dodecyl sulfate/dithiothreitol‐soluble fraction of the periostracum of the Japanese pearl oyster, P. fucata. The deduced amino acid sequence was determined by a combination of amino acid sequence analysis and cDNA cloning. The open reading frame encoded a precursor protein of 112 amino acid residues including a 21‐residue signal peptide. The 91 residues following the signal peptide contained abundant Cys and Tyr residues. PPP‐10 was expressed on the outer side of the outer fold in the mantle, indicating that PPP‐10 was present in the second or third layer of the periostracum. We also determined that the recombinant PPP‐10 had chitin‐binding activity and could incorporate chitin into the scaffolds of the periostracum. These results shed light on the early steps in mollusk shell formation.
Non-invasive measurement of the pressure distribution in a deformable micro-channel
Authors: Ozsun Ozgur , Yakhot Victor , Ekinci Kamil L.
Published: October 2013

Direct and non-invasive measurement of the pressure distribution in test sections of a micro-channel is a challenging, if not an impossible, task. Here, we present an analytical method for extracting the pressure distribution in a deformable micro-channel under flow. Our method is based on a measurement of the channel deflection profile as a function of applied hydrostatic pressure; this initial measurement generates ‘constitutive curves’ for the deformable channel. The deflection profile under flow is then matched to the constitutive curves, providing the hydrodynamic pressure distribution. The method is validated by measurements on planar microfluidic channels against analytic and numerical models. The accuracy here is independent of the nature of the wall deformations and is not degraded even in the limit of large deflections,${\zeta }_{max} / 2{h}_{0} = O(1)$, with${\zeta }_{max} $and$2{h}_{0} $being the maximum deflection and the unperturbed height of the channel, respectively. We discuss possible applications of the method in characterizing micro-flows, including those in biological systems.
What we publish
Authors: MCCRANIE ANN , WASSERMAN STANLEY
Published: October 2013

Thank you for the support in getting Network Science up and running. We are deeply appreciative of the work our associate editors, authors, and reviewers have put into realizing this vision of an interdisciplinary journal for network science. And of course, the journal would not be possible without the hard work of the editors of Network Science, who act as action editors for the submitted articles.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: GORDON IAIN , KRÄHMER ULRICH , LENAGAN TOM , ROGALSKI DAN
Published: October 2013

This issue is the proceedings of a conference “New Developments in Noncommutative Algebra and its Applications” held to celebrate the 60th birthdays of Kenny Brown and Toby Stafford, at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig on the Isle of Skye in June 2011. The papers in this issue, by some of the leading noncommutative algebraists in the world, represent several of the topics in which Kenny and Toby work.
JACOBSON RADICAL ALGEBRAS WITH QUADRATIC GROWTH
Authors: SMOKTUNOWICZ AGATA , YOUNG ALEXANDER A.
Published: October 2013

We show that over every countable algebraically closed field $\mathbb{K}$ there exists a finitely generated $\mathbb{K}$-algebra that is Jacobson radical, infinite-dimensional, generated by two elements, graded and has quadratic growth. We also propose a way of constructing examples of algebras with quadratic growth that satisfy special types of relations.
Domestic Revolutionary Leaders and International Conflict
Authors: Colgan Jeff D.
Published: October 2013

There is a strong scholarly consensus that domestic revolutions create conditions ripe for international conflict. Traditionally scholars have treated revolutions as events, after which there is a period of time during which international conflict is more likely. Yet some states experience significant international conflict only during and in the immediate aftermath of a revolution, whereas other states continue to engage in conflict for many years and even decades afterward. This article seeks to explain the persistence of conflict for some but not all revolutionary states by differentiating the concept of revolutionary leaders from that of revolutions as events, both theoretically and empirically. The author shows that existing theories linking revolution to international conflict underemphasize an important mechanism through which revolution leads to conflict: by selecting conflict-prone leaders through the dynamics of revolutionary politics. He argues that revolutionary politics allow leaders with certain characteristics, including high risk tolerance and strong political ambition to alter the status quo, to obtain executive office because individuals without these characteristics generally do not succeed in leading revolutions. Having obtained power, revolutionary leaders have aggressive preferences that make their states more likely than nonrevolutionary states to instigate international conflict.
Banks and the False Dichotomy in the Comparative Political Economy of Finance
Authors: Hardie Iain , Howarth David , Maxfield Sylvia , Verdun Amy
Published: October 2013

The wide-ranging varieties of capitalism literature rests on a particular conception of banks and banking that, the authors argue, no longer reflects the reality of modern financial systems. They take advantage of the greater information regarding bank activities revealed by the financial crisis to consider the reality, across eight of the world's largest developed economies, of the financial power of banks to act as bulwarks against market forces. This article offers a market-based banking framework that transcends the bank-based/capital market–based dichotomy that dominates comparative political economy's consideration of financial systems and argues that future CPE research should focus on the activities of banks. By demonstrating how market-based banking increases market influences on the supply of credit, the authors highlight an underap-preciated source of financial market pressure on nonfinancial companies (NFCs) that can have a potential impact across the range of issues that the varieties of capitalism (VoC) literature has seen as differentiating national systems. This approach has implications in areas such as labor, welfare, innovation, and flexibility.
The Italian Canzone and the Sanremo Festival: change and continuity in Italian mainstream pop of the 1960s
Authors: AGOSTINI ROBERTO
Published: October 2013

In this essay I propose an analysis of the Sanremo Italian Song Festival from 1964 to 1967, to which is added an introduction about its history and musical, social and cultural features. The aim of the essay is not only to propose a different perspective on the songs presented at the Festival in the 1960s, but also to re-configure our understanding of the popular music mainstream and the mechanisms of musical change in our mass-mediated and industrialised societies, as well as the question of identifying the peculiarities of the Italian canzone.
The politics, science and policy of reference points for resource management
Authors: MACNEIL M. AARON
Published: October 2013

Reference points are specific values related to the state of a resource to which targets and limits for harvest management can be set. Although reference points evolved within fisheries science, they are likely to be widely applicable across a range of ecosystems and environments, as the principles behind their development and implementation apply to any harvested system. This special issue ofEnvironmental Conservationtakes a critical look at the ways in which reference points have been used previously, including the political, scientific and management contexts that have hindered and enabled their implementation. Through these experiences, a range of recommendations are made, highlighting the importance of social context in which biological reference points are developed and in favour of approaches that deal explicitly with uncertainty. When implemented without qualification, reference points have proven effective at preventing fisheries collapse and rebuilding depleted stocks; where they have not, management failures have occurred. Given the social-ecological complexity of fisheries management, the papers in this special issue provide a strong argument for the application of reference points across a range of resource management problems.
Katrina Seven Years On: The Politics of Race and Recovery— Notes on a Roundtable Organized for the 2012 APSA Annual Meeting
Authors: Day Christine L.
Published: October 2013

After Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast in 2005, flooding the city of New Orleans for several weeks after levees collapsed, the city struggled to recover and rebuild. Scholars and activists participating in the roundtable, “Katrina Seven Years On: The Politics of Race and Recovery,” at the 2012 APSA Annual Meeting in New Orleans, were to discuss recovery and racial justice in post-Katrina urban planning and rebuilding efforts, grassroots movements, job recovery, fair housing, and cultural revival. Although the 2012 meeting was canceled as Hurricane Isaac threatened New Orleans anew, panelists offered their observations and ideas to be summarized forPSreaders.
Book Citations Count
Authors: Samuels David
Published: October 2013

This article quantifies books' impact in terms of citation counts—in published articles and in other published books. The average political science book published by a university press receives about three times the number of citations received by an article indexed in the SSCI. Books' impact varies by subfield, with books published in methodology receiving many more citations on average than books published in other subfields, followed by books in international relations. Overall, books published on American politics are cited least frequently. Results suggest that political scientists should supplement quantitative indicators of article and journal impact (which are based only on citations in peer-reviewed articles) with similar measures that account for the scholarly influence of published books.
Assessing (In)security after the Arab Spring: The Case of Egypt
Authors: Tabaar Mohammad Ayatollahi
Published: October 2013

In nearly three years, Egypt has transitioned from a large-scale uprising against one of the region's longest-standing rulers to an even more massive revolt that led to the military ousting the country's first democratically elected president, Mohamed Morsi. Between the two popular uprisings, new pacts and unlikely alliances emerged, deepened, and, in some cases, then disappeared. For its part, the army evolved from being an accomplice of the old regime, to then being an uneasy partner of the ascendant Muslim Brotherhood and, most recently, on to rebranding itself as an ally of non-Islamists and a protector of the popular will. Loosely aligned liberals, leftists, and nationalists, meanwhile, shifted from offering support for democratic elections to backing a “democratic” coup out of fear that the elected Islamists might monopolize and never relinquish power in a conservative new regime. That fear came in response to the Brotherhood's own shifting position, which moved from a commitment to “participation not domination” to a strategy of controlling the legislature and the presidency, although they were ultimately forced back into hiding before they could neutralize the judiciary and the army. And finally, the other Islamist movement, the ultraconservative Salafists, initially displayed no interest in the political process, but then mobilized and ultimately enjoyed striking success in the elections of 2011–12. Surprisingly, however, despite their presumed ideological proximity to the Brotherhood, many Salafists went on to back the military's removal of Morsi in July 2013, but then did not lend support to the interim government that was constructed in wake of Morsi's fall. In this multilayered, fast-paced political environment, mass protests, arrests, and violence have become routine.
Uniform Sobolev estimates for non-trapping metrics
Authors: Guillarmou Colin , Hassell Andrew
Published: October 2013

We prove uniform Sobolev estimates $\Vert u\Vert _{{L}^{p\prime } } \leq C\Vert (\Delta - \alpha )u\Vert _{{L}^{p} } $ for $\alpha \in \mathbb{C} $ and $p= 2n/ (n+ 2), {p}^{\prime } = 2n/ (n- 2)$ on non-trapping asymptotically conic manifolds of dimension $n\geq 3$, generalizing to non-constant coefficient Laplacians a result of
Kenig, Ruiz and Sogge [13].
The Drama of 1916: The American Jewish Community, Birth Control, and Two Yiddish Plays
Authors: Klapper Melissa R.
Published: October 2013

Jewish women played important roles in many aspects of the birth control movement, as activists, consumers, and distributors. Yet just as the legal system was not yet sure what to make of contraception, neither was the American Jewish community. While hundreds of thousands of Jewish women clearly limited their family size, both ambivalence toward birth control and pockets of outright opposition also persisted. This essay briefly examines the developments in the birth control movement during the pivotal year of 1916 in which Jewish women played important roles. The essay then turns to analysis of two Yiddish plays on the topic written that year. Neither play has ever before been translated in full. Because the Yiddish theater was a central American Jewish cultural institution, the production of plays on the subject of birth control in 1916 dramatized the importance of the issue within the American Jewish community. Though the plays quite possibly loom larger in retrospect than they did at the time and are notable more for content than literary merit, they nonetheless provide a critical lens through which to explore the complex relationship between American Jewry and the birth control movement.
Design of wide-angle broadband Luneburg lens based optical couplers for plasmonic slot nano-waveguides
Authors: Arigong Bayaner , Ding Jun , Ren Han , Zhou Rongguo , Kim HyoungSoo , Lin Yuankun , Zhang Hualiang
Published: October 2013

Gradient index (GRIN) structures have attracted great interests since their invention. Especially, the recent advance in the fields of transformation optics, plasmonics, and nanofabrication techniques has opened new directions for the applications of GRIN structures in nano-photonic devices. In this paper, we apply Luneburg lens and its transformed counterpart to realize efficient coupling to plasmonic nano-waveguides. We first briefly present the general structures of Luneburg lens and generalized Luneburg lens, as well as the design process of flattened Luneburg lens applying quasi-conformal mapping techniques. After that, we study the performance of these lenses for coupling electromagnetic signals to nano-waveguides (the metal-insulator-metal nano-waveguide). Different coupling schemes are investigated. It is found that the proposed Luneburg lens based optical couplers can be used to provide broadband light couplings to plasmonic nano-waveguides under wide incident angles.
Favorable magnetoelectric phenomenon in Co2MnSi/PbTiO3 (001) ultrathin bilayer: A density functional theory study
Authors: Chen L. Y. , Chen C. L. , Jin K. X. , Du X. J. , Ali A.
Published: October 2013

Using density functional theory, magnetoelectric (ME) effect for [001]-oriented Co2MnSi/PbTiO3 ultrathin bilayer is demonstrated by changing interface configuration. Within paraelectric state, the interfacial stability is argued by phase diagram. With the reversal of electric polarization, the favorable change in local magnetization can be achieved for modified MnMn/TiO2 and CoCo/PbO interfaces. Electronic hybridization and spin-dependent charge screening are expected to be mainly responsible for the ME phenomena we address. The obtained results suggest that Co2MnSi/PbTiO3 (001) bilayer could be utilized in the area of electrically controlled magnetism, especially the bilayer with MnMn/TiO2 interface.
Packing fraction dependence of the coercivity and the energy product in nanowire based permanent magnets
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Ioannis , Fang Weiqing , Ott Frédéric , Boué François , Aït-Atmane Kahina , Piquemal Jean-Yves , Viau Guillaume
Published: October 2013

The maximum magnetic performance which can be expected from elongated single domain particle based permanent magnets is assessed. The results are derived using micromagnetic calculations to model the behavior of large bundles of aligned nanowires. In particular, we discuss the cases of Co and Fe nanowires and their packing fraction dependence of coercivity, which is the main limiting factor. We show that it is, in principle, feasible to achieve BHmax values close to 300 kJ/m3 in Co nanowires with a packing fraction p = 0.7 and close to 400 kJ/m3 at p = 0.85. The packing fraction limitations are essentially non-existing due to the intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Co. On the other hand, if a low anisotropy material such as Fe could be produced in the form of fine, well crystallized wires it could yield a BHmax close to 200 kJ/m3 at an optimum p = 0.7. As the performance of iron nanowires is solely based on shape anisotropy it becomes coercivity limited above p = 0.35.
Epitaxial Gd2O3 on strained Si1−xGex layers for next generation complementary metal oxide semiconductor device application
Authors: Ghosh Kankat , Das Sudipta , Fissel A. , Osten H. J. , Laha Apurba
Published: October 2013

Strained Si1−xGex (x = 0.1–0.4) layers were grown on Si(111) and Si(001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy followed by the growth of epitaxial Gd2O3 thin films on Si1−xGex layers using same technique. Pt/Gd2O3/Si1−xGex/Si stacks fabricated by several in situ process steps exhibit excellent electrical properties. Surface and microstructural analysis of both Si1−xGex and Gd2O3 layers carried out by different in situ and ex situ tools reveal a relaxed epi-Gd2O3 layer on a strained Si1−xGex layer on both Si(111) and Si(001) substrates with sharp interfaces between the oxide and the SiGe layer. Standard electrical measurements, such as capacitance-voltage and leakage current analysis, demonstrate promising electrical properties for such metal oxide semiconductor capacitors. A capacitance equivalent thickness as low as 1.20 nm with associated leakage current density of 2.0 mA/cm2 was obtained for devices with 4.5 nm thin oxide films where the density of interface trap (Dit) was only ∼1011 cm−2 eV−1.
Precise damping and stiffness extraction in acoustic driven cantilever in liquid
Authors: Maali Abdelhamid , Boisgard Rodolphe
Published: October 2013

In this paper, we first explain how to extract accurately the driving force acting on the acoustic driven atomic force microscope cantilever in liquid from the measured resonance curve. We present a model that includes the driving force to extract precisely the damping and the stiffness of the tip sample interaction. The model is validated by an experimental test based on two independent methods to measure the hydrodynamic drag coefficient of a sphere moving perpendicular to flat surface.
Multiple roots of innovations in language contact
Authors: Riionheimo Helka
Published: October 2013

This article approaches the origin of multilingual innovations in language contact by presenting data from an intensive contact situation between two closely related Finnic languages, Finnish and Estonian. This situation between languages that have complex interconnected morphological systems often leads to the emergence of structures that contain material from both languages. The origin of these structures is discussed in the light of two basic assumptions: that in the mind of the bilingual speaker, the elements of the two languages are connected to each other via phonological and semantic or functional similarities and that both languages of the bilingual speaker always remain active and available during speech processing. The simultaneous activation of synonymous, competing elements or patterns is hypothesised to be the cause for the inevitable presence of both language-internal and cross-linguistic forces at the initial stage of language change.
Invasion biology and the success of social collaboration networks, with application to Wikipedia
Authors: Mangel M. , Satterthwaite W.H. , Pirolli P. , Suh B. , Zhang Y.
Published: October 2013

We adapt methods from the stochastic theory of invasions – for which a key question is whether a propagule will grow to an established population or fail – to show how monitoring early participation in a social collaboration network allows prediction of success. Social collaboration networks have become ubiquitous and can now be found in widely diverse situations. However, there are currently no methods to predict whether a social collaboration network will succeed or not, where success is defined as growing to a specified number of active participants before falling to zero active participants. We illustrate a suitable methodology with Wikipedia. In general, wikis are web-based software that allows collaborative efforts in which all viewers of a page can edit its contents online, thus encouraging cooperative efforts on text and hypertext. The English language Wikipedia is one of the most spectacular successes, but not all wikis succeed and there have been some major failures. Using these new methods, we derive detailed predictions for the English language Wikipedia and in summary for more than 250 other language Wikipedias. We thus show how ideas from population biology can inform aspects of technology in new and insightful ways.
Decision‐making and accountability: differences of distribution
Authors: Goodwin Dawn
Published: October 2013

The cognitive and individual framing of clinical decision‐making has been undermined in the social sciences by attempts to reframe decision‐making as being distributed. In various ways, shifts in understanding in social science research and theorising have wrested clinical decision‐making away from the exclusive domain of medical practice and shared it throughout the healthcare disciplines. The temporality of decision‐making has been stretched from discrete moments of cognition to being incrementally built over many instances of time and place, and the contributors towards decision‐making have been expanded to include non‐humans such as policies, guidelines and technologies. However, frameworks of accountability fail to recognise this distributedness and instead emphasise independence of thought and autonomy of action. In this article I illustrate this disparity by contrasting my ethnographic accounts of clinical practice with the professional codes of practice produced by the General Medical Council and the Nursing and Midwifery Council. I argue that a ‘thicker’ concept of accountability is needed; one that can accommodate the diffuseness of decision‐making and the dependencies incurred in collaborative work.
A New Analytical Approach for Wire-Wound Frames Used to Carry the Loads of Pressure Vessel Closures
Authors: Sedighi M. , Jabbari A. H.
Published: October 2013

Wire-winding technique is usually applied to increase strength to weight ratio, to improve the fatigue life and prevent rapid failure of structures with high sensitivity. Most of the relations, which are presented for wire-winding analysis, are specially introduced for wire-wound pressure vessels. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach for stress analyzing in wire layers of wire-wound frames, which are subjected to tensile forces and used to carry the load from the closures of pressure vessels too. The required wire-winding force will be obtained based on constant effective stress in all layers at maximum applied force. In this work, after reviewing the theoretical background of wire-winding, a new approach called “constant effective stress theory” is presented. In comparison with previous published works, in this paper, the problem has been specially defined for a rectangular frame, the wire mantles have been considered as discrete elements, and Von Mises yield criterion is applied on the model at maximum applied force. The logical steps of this approach are done in four steps. First, the critical points of the wires are obtained. The maximum stress is defined according to Von Mises criterion. Then, tensile stress is obtained in all layers at working condition. In third step, tensile stress is calculated at nonworking condition, and finally, the required wire-winding force is obtained for all layers. The results are compared with Harkegard's theory and have been validated by finite element method. They show that the value of the required tensile stress during wire-winding will be reduced considerably. In addition, by assuming a final small gap at maximum applied force between frame members, yoke, and column, this stress would be reduced more. Furthermore, there is a very good agreement between the results of new approach and finite element method.
Probabilistic Structural Integrity Analysis of Reactor Pressure Vessels During Pressurized Thermal Shock Events
Authors: Masaki Koichi , Katsuyama Jinya , Onizawa Kunio
Published: October 2013

To apply a probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analysis to the structural integrity assessment of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV), a PFM analysis code has been developed at JAEA. Using this PFM analysis code, pascal version 3, the conditional probabilities of crack initiation (CPIs) and fracture for an RPV during pressurized thermal shock (PTS) events have been analyzed. Sensitivity analyses on certain input parameters were performed to clarify their effect on the conditional fracture probability. Comparisons between the conditional probabilities and the temperature margin (ΔTm) based on the current deterministic analysis method were made for various model plant conditions for typical domestic older types of RPVs. From the analyses, a good correlation between ΔTm and the conditional probability of crack initiation was obtained.
A Modest Proposal for Christ-Figure Interpretations: Explicated with Two Test Cases
Authors: Walsh Richard
Published: October 2013

The covert theologizing in some Christ-figure analyses, along with the failure to give serious consideration to the films under discussion, has rendered the approach suspect to all but those sharing the analyses’ theological presuppositions. Accordingly, many have called for moratoriums on Christ-figure interpretations. Nonetheless, more modest Christ-figure analyses, which respect film genres and modern characterizations, might still gain a broader academic hearing. To further that case, this essay provides a Christ-figure analysis of two films (Donnie Darko; The Wrestler), which “visually quote” or “footnote” two Jesus films (The Last Temptation of Christ; The Passion of the Christ), and then attempts to explicate what “Christ” means in these films, not in a particular theological tradition. While this discussion reveals only two popular understandings of “Christ,” the intertextuality that the films establish may also reconfigure other, more traditional christs.
Wales and Its Biblical Landscapes
Authors: O'Kane Martin
Published: October 2013

This paper takes its starting point from the view that there is a close link between the vernacular Bible and Welsh cultural identity. It continues the reflections provoked by the project Imaging the Bible in Wales, taking as its theme the concept of landscaping. The body of the paper examines models of landscaping in Welsh religious art: Wales as Holy land; rural landscapes, industrial landscapes, seascapes. The aim is to identify the frame for a fuller and deeper investigation of Bible-scapes and Wales and thus to demonstrate the value of artistic representation for biblical exegesis.
Pulmonary oedema mimicking bronchiectasis
Authors: Rahman Habib , Finnerty James , Somauroo John
Published: October 2013

A previously completely fit and well 62-year-old man presented with a 4-week history of lethargy and increasing shortness of breath. This had been preceded by a flu-like illness that had been treated in the community with ciprofloxacin to no effect. There was no history of smoking, tuberculosis exposure or significant exposure to birds. Clinically the patient appeared well and was comfortable and conversant with no peripheral oedema. Chest auscultation revealed normal breath sounds and a loud pansystolic murmur over the cardiac apex. A chest radiograph and a subsequent CT scan showed widespread fibrotic and bronchiectatic changes, predominantly in the right upper lobe, with bilateral pleural effusions. Echocardiography revealed a posterior mitral valve prolapse. He was treated with loop diuretics and a mitral valve repair that resolved his symptoms and radiographic findings. This is the first English language case report of pulmonary oedema causing bronchiectatic lung appearances.
Facial plexiform neurofibroma: is it truly just skin deep?
Authors: Huang Wenhui , Chong Wei-Sheng
Published: October 2013

A middle-aged Chinese woman presented with a slowly enlarging mass over the right side of her face that was later proven histologically to be a plexiform neurofibroma. This was associated with a localised depression over her right temple. There were no other features of neurofibromatosis-1. The presentation and biological behaviour of plexiform neurofibromas are reviewed in this manuscript. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of plexiform neurofibromas with their surrounding structures, as well as the postulated mechanisms by which this occurs.
Orthokeratinised odontogenic cyst mimicking periapical cyst
Authors: Rajalakshmi R , Sreeja C , Vijayalakshmi D , Leelarani V
Published: October 2013

Orthokeratinised odontogenic cyst (OOC) denotes the odontogenic cyst that microscopically has an orthokeratinised epithelial lining. OOC is characterised by a less-aggressive behaviour and a low rate of recurrence. This report describes a case of OOC involving posterior part of the mandible that mimicked periapical cyst in a 14-year-old boy. The initial clinical diagnosis was given as periapical cyst based on the clinical and radiographical features. Enucleation of the cyst was performed and the specimen was sent for histopathological examination. A definite diagnosis of OOC was made by histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen. This case emphases on including OOC in the differential diagnosis of radiolucencies occurring in the periapical region of non-vital tooth.
Current Status of National SOFC Projects in Japan
Authors: Horiuchi Kenji
Published: October 2013

The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) has been conducting technology development and demonstrative research projects on SOFC, as one of the most important and promising technologies for CO2 reduction and realizing dispersed power sources. One of the achievements was the-first-in-the-world commercialization of SOFC-based combined heat and power (CHP) residential system in 2011. Cost reduction and durability improvements of SOFCs, however, still remain critical issues for their further widespread commercialization. In this paper, two NEDO projects relating to SOFCs, “Development of System and Elemental Technologies on SOFC” (FY 2008-2012) and “Technology Development for promoting SOFC commercialization” (FY 2013- 2017) will be introduced.
Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells at Versa Power Systems and Fuel Cell Energy
Authors: Borglum Brian P , Ghezel-Ayagh Hossein
Published: October 2013

Versa Power Systems (VPS) is a developer of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for clean power generation and was recently acquired by FuelCell Energy (FCE). FCE is a global leader in the design, manufacture and distribution of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) power plants. From an economic perspective, MCFCs scale-up very well and as a result FCE’s MCFC products are in the multi-megawatt size range. SOFCs are complementary because they scale-down well and hence are well suited to sub-megawatt applications. This paper highlights the status of VPS and FCE’s SOFC technology in the areas of cell, stack and system development.
Eneramic Power Generator – A Reliable and Cycleable 100W SOFC-System
Authors: Reuber Sebastian , Pönicke Andreas , Wunderlich Christian , Michaelis Alexander
Published: October 2013

Off-grid power generation is considered as an attractive market for fuel cells. For this purpose, a compact SOFC battery hybrid system was developed that operates on commercially available fuels. Due to its progressive thermal packaging, the mobile prototype achieves a net efficiency of 22 % with commercial BoP components. It was possible to reduce the cold start time of the system by direct cathode preheating with burner off-gas. Thus, the system is designed for frequent start-up and cycling capability. In consequence the planar SOFC stack was tested with rapid heating rates up to 20 K/min in furnace and hotbox environment. The degradation caused by system cycling is less than 0.1 % per cycle. Finally, the optimization of stack temperature conditions has improved the lifetime of the SOFC stack significantly.
Stack Temperature Estimation in System Environment by Utilizing the Design of Experiments Methodology
Authors: Halinen Matias , Pohjoranta Antti , Pennanen Jari , Kiviaho Jari
Published: October 2013

The behavior of the maximum temperature measured inside a SOFC stack with respect to three independent input variables (stack current, air flow and air inlet temperature) is examined by using a full factorial screening experiment, following the design of experiments methodology. The experiments were carried out with a complete 10 kWe SOFC system. Multivariate regression models are developed to estimate said temperatures and a statistical analysis is carried out on the model parameters.
Pressurized Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Measurements of Impedance Spectra and Anodic Concentration Polarization
Authors: Wu P. C. , Jheng H. S. , Shy Shenqyang Steven
Published: October 2013

A high-pressure dual-chamber SOFC testing facility is established to measure AC impedance spectra of a planar anode-supported single-cell stack using flow distributors, with emphasis on the effect of pressurization to the anodic concentration polarization. Measurements show that the high frequency arcs of impedance spectra decrease rather weakly with increasing pressure (p), while the low frequency arcs with characteristic frequencies occurring at about 0.5 ~ 1 Hz decrease largely with increasing p. It is found that the ohmic resistance is independent of p, but the polarization resistance and the calculated anodic concentration overvoltage decrease noticeably with increasing p.
Report of Five-Year NEDO Project on Durability/Reliability of SOFC Stacks
Authors: Yokokawa Harumi
Published: October 2013

The five-year NEDO project on the durability / reliability of SOFC stacks ended on March 2013. Final results are reported with emphases on correlation between fabrication sequence and degraded parts and on effects of operation conditions such as temperature, overpotential of electrodes etc. NEDO targets on durability and reliability were successfully achieved at the end of project. Summary of detailed analyses on respective degradations found in those SOFC stacks involved is given to clarify common and individual features of degradations. Chemical and electrochemical natures of interactions of electrodes with gaseous impurities are successfully identified, whereas reliability of electrolytes is found to be strongly governed by electrochemical features. Detailed investigations on microstructure and its change revealed several stages for relations between performance degradation and microstructural changes. Reliability of cell assemblies are well treated by a combination of approaches on fundamental mechanical properties, modeling of electrochemical reactions and stress analyses with a focus on the volume change caused by the valence changes in electrolyte, interconnect and electrodes.
Chemical Degradation of SOFCs: External Impurity Poisoning and Internal Diffusion-Related Phenomena
Authors: Sasaki Kazunari , Yoshizumi Tomoo , Haga Kengo , Yoshitomi Hiroaki , Hosoi Takami , Shiratori Yusuke , Taniguchi Shunsuke
Published: October 2013

Durability of SOFCs is one of the most important requirements for commercialization. In this paper, we analyze chemical degradation phenomena caused by both extrinsic and intrinsic origins besides by thermal/redox cycling. As external degradation, impurity (sulfur,phosphorus etc.) poisoning has been systematically analyzed and classified based on both thermochemical and kinetic consideration. We present typical intrinsic chemical degradation phenomena observed, mainly diffusion-related processes (interdiffusion, grainboundary diffusion, dopant dissolution, phase transformation etc.) around interfaces between the electrolyte and the electrode, which has been revealed through high-resolution STEM-EDX analysis of cells after long-term operation. Degradation mechanisms have been classified.
Multimodal Assessment of Durability and Reliabilityof Flattened Tubular SIS Stacks
Authors: Matsuzaki Yoshio , Nakamura Kazuo , Somekawa Takaaki , Fujita Kenjiro , Horita Teruhisa , Yamaji Katsuhiko , Kishimoto Haruo , Yoshikawa Masahiro , Yamamoto Tohru , Mugikura Yoshihiro , Yokokawa Harumi , Shikazono Naoki , Eguchi Koichi , Matsui Toshiaki , Watanabe Satoshi , Sato Kazuhisa , Hashida Toshiyuki , Kawada Tatsuya , Sasaki Kazunari , Taniguchi Shunsuke
Published: October 2013

The durability and reliability of segmented-in-series (SIS) type cells-stack was investigated by multimodal assessment in which Tokyo Gas collaborated with research institutes under NEDO project, “Development of system and elemental technology on SOFCs”. The SIS cells-stack, developed by Tokyo Gas in cooperation with Kyocera, has many advantages such as reduced temperature operation, high-voltage / low-current power generation, and lower in material cost of electrical insulating substrate compared to Ni based substrates for anode-supported cells. Another key advantage is that there is no need for alloy interconnects. This would make the cell-stack more durable than other types of cell-stacks having metallic interconnects. Durability of the stacks was investigated by the operations in electric furnaces at Tokyo Gas, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), and Kyushu University. After the operations post analyses were conducted by the research institutes, such as National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tohoku University, Kyoto University, The University Tokyo, and Kyushu University. Through the multimodal assessment durability and reliability of the SIS stacks for long-term operation and thermal cycles have been shown to be high enough for 40,000 h life and more.
Performances of Cost-Reduced Planar Type SOFC Stacks with Anode-Supported Cell
Authors: Mineta Shingo , Mizuki Kotoe , Yoshida Yoshiteru , Sugita Satoshi , Kobayashi Ryuichi
Published: October 2013

We have been developing solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to increase electric power self-sufficiency and reduce carbon dioxide emissions in relation to our telecommunication business. We have developed a new model SOFC stack, which is 30% smaller than the previous one (140 mm × 140 mm footprint), with a metallic separator composed only of press-manufactured components made of commercially available ferritic stainless steel. Power generation tests were conducted using short, 24-cell and 50-cell stacks, and good power generation performance was successfully confirmed.
Micro-Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Their Stacks Running on Direct Ethanol Fuels
Authors: Ye Xiaofeng , Yuan Chun , Chen Y.P. , Zhong C.Y. , Zhan Zhongliang , Wang Shaorong
Published: October 2013

Anode-supported micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells (AS-MT-SOFCs) have been regarded as promising energy conversion devices. In our group, dip-coating and co-sintering techniques were used in order to reduce the cost. In this paper, micro-tubular SOFC single cells (Φ5mm*L50mm) and their stacks are fabricated and assembled. The maximum power density of the fabricated single cell reaches 520 and 403 mW·cm-2 at 850 and 800 o
C in hydrogen fuel, compared to 422 and 316 mW·cm-2 in ethanol fuel. The assembled 4-cell-stack in parallel and 2-cell-stack in series obtain 9.7W and 5.8W power output at 850 oC, respectively. We investigated the stability of the single cell running on ethanol fuels. A possible design of portable system based on MT-SOFCs was also proposed.
Simulation of Velocity Distribution and Pressure Drop in Every Channel in the Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger
Authors: Lo Huai Po , Hung Ching Hua , Wang Chi Chuan
Published: October 2013

This study examines the performance of printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHE) operated at high temperature subject to the influence of inlet conditions. Simulations are made with three cold plates and three hot plates with mass flow ranging from 0.469kg/h to 4.697kg/h. The inlet temperatures of the cold side and hot side are 200°C and 700°C, respectively. The size of the plate is 272×55×1.65mm with straight channel in the cold side and Z-Shape channel in the hot plate. The simulation is carried out for three cases (Case1: Vc = 5 m/s, Tc
= 200 °C, Vh
= 5 m/s, Th
= 700 °C; Case2: Vc
= 5 m/s, Tc
= 200 °C, Vh
= 10 m/s, Th
= 700 °C; Case3: Vc
= 1 m/s, Tc
= 200 °C, Vh
= 5 m/s, Th
= 700 °C). It is found that the effect of inlet velocity on the temperature performance is quite significant, and the heat transfer coefficient is related to the mass flow rate. The distribution of mass flow rate within the channel casts significant effect on the outlet temperature. The calculated results indicated the effectiveness ε (Case1) is 0.72 which is much higher than those of Case2 (0.704) and Case3 (0.574).Yet the second cold plate shows the maximum temperature difference and the pressure drop in all three cases of simulation.
Preliminary Electrochemical Characterization of Planar SOFC Short Stacks Based on Pr2NiO4+δ and (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ Cathodes
Authors: McPhail Stephen J. , Boigues Muñoz Carlos , La Malfa Martina , Montinaro Dario , Modena Stefano , Ghigliazza Francesco
Published: October 2013

In the present work, the electrochemical performances and the durability of two stacks were compared, the first made by LSCF and the second by Pr2NiO4 cathode materials. Electrochemical evaluation by polarization curves and a 600h durability test, demonstrates almost identical performance of the two stacks, though a more rigorous and long term investigation is required to fully evaluate the performance of the PRN cathode-based stack.