bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Methylene Blue by low-cost Biomaterial prepared from Local Natural Residue
Authors: LANSARI Fatma , EDJEKOUANE Meryem , KHELIFI Omar , BOUKHETECHE Ishak , LAKSACI Ishak
Published: June 2020

This study aims to assess the use of natural waste (fruit kernels) for the preparation of a bimaterial in order to use it as a natural support for the elimination of a dye (methylene blue) from aqueous solutions for environmental protection. The biomaterial was characterized physicochemically and the determination of methylene blue concentration was carried out by a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. In order to clarify the adsorption process, experiments in a batch system were carried out to study the effect of operating parameters such as the initial concentration of methylene blue (2-10 mg·L-1), biomaterial (0.1-1 g) and the contact time (10-120 min). To describe the adsorption equilibrium, the experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir isotherm and the Freundlich isotherm. The equilibrium is perfectly described by the Freundlich model (R2>0.99) and the adsorption process is multilayer. The results of the present study suggest that washingtonia seed (WS) can be advantageously used as a low-cost biosorbent for water discoloration
MIGRATION PROCESSES IN RUSSIA AND THE ORENBURG
REGION IN THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD
Authors: Алексенко М.А.
Published: June 2020

Статья посвящена анализу состояния миграционных процессов в
Оренбургской области в постсоветский период. С 1991 по 2019 гг. численность
мигрантов, направленность миграционных потоков и их причины на уровне Рос-
сии, Приволжского федерального округа и Оренбургской области подверглись
существенным изменениям. Сменились мотивы миграции – с политических на
экономические, изменился вектор миграции в первые годы постсоветского пе-
риода с Прибалтики на Центральную Азию. В исследовании представлены ко-
личественные показатели миграций на уровне страны и региона, рассмотрены
причины миграций и изменения, происходившие в них.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of migration processes in the Orenburg region in the post-Soviet
period. From 1991-2019 the number of migrants, the direction of migration fl ows and their causes at the level of Russia, the
Volga Federal District and the Orenburg Region underwent signifi cant changes. The motives of migration have changed -
from political to economic ones, the vector of migration in the early years of the post-Soviet period has changed from the
Baltics to Central Asia. The study presents quantitative indicators of migration at the country and region level and considers
the causes of migration and the changes that have occurred in them.
STEK PUCUK MASOI (Cryptocarya massoia) DENGAN PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI IBA (INDOLE BUTYRIC ACID)
Authors: Wilson Miriono  , Rettob Bernadus Benni , Tampang Ana
Published: June 2020

Masoi (Cryptocarya massoia) memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi namun belum dibudidayakan secara luas.  IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) sering digunakan untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan stek tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi beberapa konsentrasi IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) terhadap pertumbuhan stek masoi. Penelitian menggunakan empat perlakuan konsentrasi larutan IBA yaitu kontrol (tanpa IBA), IBA 75 ppm, 100 ppm, dan 125 ppm.  Persentase stek hidup tertinggi (65%) diperlihatkan oleh kontrol dan perlakuan konsentrasi larutan IBA 125 ppm. Sementara persentase stek bertunas dan stek berkalus menunjukan bahwa semua perlakuan yang diberikan tidak berbeda secara signifikan.
POTENSI KARBON BERBASIS PEKARANGAN DI KAMPUNG MUBRAIDIBA KABUPATEN MANOKWARI
Authors: Udimeraa Katrin Sriyani , Zulfikar Mardiyadi  , Dina Arung Padang
Published: June 2020

Identifikasi potensi biomasa dan karbon penting dalam upaya kontribusi menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan global. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besaran potensi karbon pekarangan di kampung Mubraidiba. Metode yang digunakan ialah deskriptif dengan teknik observasi lapang yang dilakukan secara sensus terhadap seluruh tanaman pertanian, perkebunan dan kehutanan yang selanjutnya dibagi berdasarkan keleas diameter. Persamaan alometrik digunakan untuk menduga besaran nilai biomasa yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik dan jenis tanaman yang ditemukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis-jenis tanaman di pekarangan kampung Mubraidiba dilakukan pada 2 (dua) kelas diameter, yaitu kelas diameter 5-30 cm dan kelas diameter 30 cm up. Selain itu, pengelompokan tanaman juga dilakukan berdasarkan jenis tanaman kehutanan, pertanian dan perkebunan dengan jumlah jenis tanaman pertanian dan perkebunan pada kelas diameter 5 - 30 cm lebih banyak (66,67%) dibanding jenis tanaman kehutanan (33,33%). Selain itu, fungsi antara kebun campuran dan pekarangan sedikit berbeda antara kebun campuran dengan tujuan produktivitas dan pekarangan dengan fungsi produktivitas dan fungsi keindahan serta kenyamanan tinggal. Rata-rata nilai biomasa pohon untuk kelas diameter 5-30 cm adalah 1,9951 ton/pekarangan, sedangkan rata-rata  biomasa tanaman pertanian sebesar 1,7035 ton/pekarangan. Rata-rata total nilai karbon pohon diameter 5-30 cm sebesar 2,6994 ton/pekarangan, sementara stok karbon pada tanaman kehutanan rata-rata dengan diameter 5 – 30 cm sebesar 3,7898 ton, sedangkan stok karbon tanaman pertanian dan perkebunan rata-rata sebesar 0,8518 ton/pekarangan.
KULTUR EMBRIO MERBAU (Intsia bijuga OK.) PADA MEDIA MURASHIGE & SKOOG (MS) DIPERKAYA DENGAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH BAP, GA3 dan IBA
Authors: Samuel Bram Sainawal  , Julius D. Nugroho  , Francina F. Kesaulija
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mencari konsentrasi dan kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh (IBA, BAP dan GA3) yang cocok guna pertumbuhan embrio dari tanaman Merbau (Intsia bijuga OK.) pada media Murashige & Skoog (MS) untuk mendapatkan tanaman yang sempurna melalui teknik kultur jaringan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan teknik observasi menggunakan perhitungan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan eksplan embrio merbau (Intsia bijuga OK.) yang terbaik adalah menggunakan media dengan zat pengatur tumbuh pada media MS + GA3 2 ppm dengan persen  hidup 100% dan memiliki persen eksplan kontaminasi 0%. Pertumbuhan tunas pada perlakuan ini terjadi pada umur 86 hari dengan rata-rata pertumbuhan tunas sebesar ± 0,2 cm, persen eksplan bertunas 0%, pada pertumbuhan terbentuknya akar pada minggu ketujuh dari pengamatan.
PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN LAHAN BASAH SEBAGAI HABITAT BURUNG MIGRAN DI TAMAN NASIONAL WASUR
Authors: Damianus V.S. Woghomugu  , Hermanus Warmetan
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran peran penting kawasan hutan lahan basah dan deskripsi pengelolaan kawasan lahan basah sebagai habitat burung migran di kawasan Taaman Nasional Wasur. Metode yang digunakan yakni deskriptif dengan menggunakan kumpulan data-set dan kompilasi referensi-referensi terkait sebagai komparasi dalam penataan dan pengelolaan TNW sebagai kawasan alternatif migrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kawasan lahan basah TNW memiliki keunikan dengan ciri iklim serta pola cuaca yang tidak tetap sepanjang tahun. Kekhasan keanekaragaman di kawasan TNW dipengaruhi oleh tipe hutan, daerah keterisolasian spesies, daya segmentasi kawasan, sehingga membentuk satuan habitat unik. Tercatat tipe ekosistem dominan masih didominasi ekosistem basah, dengan tipe daerah rawa. Jenis kelompok vegetasi utama yang dijumpai yaitu dari kelompok Melaluca dengan jenis: Melaleuca spp., Lophostemon lactifluus, Xanthostemon sp., Acacia leptocarpa, Salsar, Asterom. Selain itu jenis vegetasi hutan savana yang dominan di temukan yakni: Lophostemon lactifluus, Banksia dentata, Asteromyrtus symphiocarpa. Keterlibatan masyarakat dalam upaya pengelolaan kawasan telah dilakukan dan memberikan manfaat nyata. Tercatat setiap tahun terjadi mingrasi burung sebagai jalur alternatif persinggahan terutama antar benua ketika perubahan musim tahunan terjadi.
SMART SPRAYER DISINSFEKTAN BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA328
Authors: Zulkarnaen
Published: June 2020

During the pandemic covid 19 we are experiencing at this time, various technological innovations are created as the first step in breaking the chain of corona virus. One way that can be implemented in breaking the covid pandemic chain of 19, especially in public areas is by spraying a disinfectant liquid that can be done continuously. Optimization of spraying disinfectant liquid can be done by utilizing technology that is able to work automatically. This research makes a disinfectant sprayer chamber as a technological innovation. Automation of disinfectant sprayers can be done by utilizing the ATemega328 microcontroller as an automatic machine to activate the sprayer pump based on the detection of objects that are around it with the help of an ultrasonic sensor. Determination of the distance reading of the object greatly determines the performance of the ultrasonic sensor in providing input to the microcontroller. The smart sprayer system is capable of activating a 12Volt DC pump with a voltage of 5 amperes. This smart sprayer disinfectant control system can be applied to the gate or hallway at the center of the crowd.
APLIKASI KAMUS BAHASA SASAK HALUS MENGGUNAKAN ANDROID
Authors: Khairunnazri  , Muh. Fahrurrozi  , Lalu Puji Indra Kharisma
Published: June 2020

Sasak Language is one of the regional languages used to communicate by the people of Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. But along with the development of technology, especially in the field of Android smartphones, the Sasak language has begun to fade, not a few people in Lombok who do not understand the language, Lombok Sasak vocabulary especially the current generation. This is caused by environmental factors of family, school and friends who use Indonesian in daily conversation. The solution to this problem is to design an Android-based Sasak Smooth dictionary application. The main purpose of the Sasak Halus dictionary application is to assist them in finding Indonesian or Sasak Halus translations effectively and efficiently on smartphone media. Sasak Fine-language dictionary application based on Android-based APPS in the form of an installer that can be used on Android-based smartphones with a minimum version of 4.00 and above. In testing using black box testing and testing on smartphones, the application can run smoothly.
PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA BERBASIS SMART VILLAGE DESA AIKDEWA
Authors: MZ Siti Puspita Hida Sakti , Marzuki  , Asslia Johar Latipah
Published: June 2020

The development of information technology can no longer be solved by everyday life. Smart concepts based on information technology continue to be developed and applied through smart cities to smaller areas of smart villages. Development of infrastructure and internet networks supporting the concept of smart villages in empowering the community one of which is in the field of tourism. The increase in village income is carried out in the form of capacity development, skills, independence, empowerment, and community development in the field of information technology. The community is expected to discover the potential of villages supported by the application of information technology to improve the standard of living and quality of life of the Aikdewa village community. Smart villages provide support in order to raise awareness and interest in the economic, social and cultural aspects to be raised as economic assets that can increase people's income in order to obtain a more prosperous life. Smart villages can also foster and enhance partnerships to acquire various skills (administration, education, and information technology) so as to develop good collaboration in developing, empowering, and increasing the independence of tourism businesses as one of the pillars of the family economy.
Fumonisins in pig feed
Authors: Jakšić Sandra , Popov Nenad , Živkov Baloš Milica , Prodanov-Radulović Jasna , Abramović Biljana
Published: June 2020

Fumonisins are mycotoxins belonging to a group of potential carcinogens for humans. It is well known that they also have potentially harmful effects on various species of animals. After consumption, in the horse they may cause leukoencefalomalation, and in pig pulmonary edema. The legal regulations in Serbia do not prescribe the maximum allowed levels (ML) of fumonisins in feed. As products of Fusarium, fumonisins are often detected in corn, and their presence in wheat is also proven. However, there is not enough data on the occurrence and levels of these mycotoxins in feed. Considering the harmful effect of fumonisin on pig health and data on corn contamination, the aim of this paper is to examine the concentration of fumonisins in feed for pigs. A sum of fumonisins (B1, B2 and B3) in a total of 30 samples of feed for different categories of pigs was tested. Fumonisins were found in 83% of the examined samples. Although no sample contained more than 5 mg/kg (the maximum recommended level according to EU regulation), studies on the effect of low-dose toxin on pig health and the frequent grain contamination with multiple mycotoxins pointed out the necessity of monitoring of fumonisins levels in pig feed.
AN EXAMPLE OF RATIONAL DERMANYSSUS GALLINAE CONTROL – PULCAP
Authors: Pavlićević Aleksandar , Ratajac Radomir , Stojanov Igor , Pavlović Ivan
Published: June 2020

The irrational control of Dermanyssus gallinae ectoparasites (De Geer, 1778) in intensive livestock can cause health problems, economic damage, and can also toxicologically harm the health of humans and the environment. Formulation P 547/17 (Pulcap) is a new generation of inert matter (an oil). In Pulcap formulation and technology, the fulfilment of rigorous criteria for rational control of D. gallinae were tested and present in this paper. Those criteria are the following: the safety of the preparation (i.e. the preparation is non-toxic); the feasibility of application of the preparation in facilities, for handling transport cages, on used cages and equipment, as well as in inhabited buildings; the method of application - the preparation is applied by spray method (external application). The aim of the application was also considered. It is to make the control effective, on the condition that eradication is feasible. Then, the conditionality, which imply that the application of this preparation requires fulfilling hygienic conditions, break of production in facilities, a certain temperature and professional approach to it. The efficacy of the preparation is another important criterion. It implies that the clinical results of the application have been monitored in different conditions at different time intervals. It has been proven that there is no resistance to this preparation. The disadvantages of the preparations were also observed. It is the absence of prolonged action on absorbent surfaces, the delay in starting the egg bar and discharging, which increases contamination. The whole program / plan of long-term control has been developed. The cost-effectiveness of the product is the ratio of price and efficiency on an annual level. Eradication is the most economical method of controlling D. gallinae, which relieved farmers from all further costs. There is a great challenge for each type of D. gallinae control, especially the rational one. Reconsidering and further development of the approach of rational control is a way to improve the control of D. gallinae, which we want to encourage.
THE INFLUENCE OF LIQUID CALCIUM SOURCE ON EGGSHELL QUALITY
Authors: Nešić Ksenija , Pavlović Nikola , Radosavljević Vladimir , Gavrilović Miloš
Published: June 2020

It is estimated that the world’s population will enlarge by 25% by the middle of this century, resulting in the food production increase by at least 60%. Intensifying egg production is one of the most affordable solutions to provide animal protein. Among many other efforts to improve the quality of eggs, special attention is paid to attempts to provide a better endurance and strength of eggshell, due to the fact that the production of eggs with broken, cracked or soft shells incurs significant economic losses. One of the most important factors to achieve this goal is careful adjustment of calcium in the diet of laying hens, but the nutritional role of calcium is closely linked to that of phosphorus and the effect of vitamin D.

The aim of the experiment was to determine whether two different nutritional supplements of calcium, applied in drinking water of laying hens for two weeks have any significant influence on the shell egg quality. Statistically very significant difference in egg production was observed in the treatment with the product containing calcium and phosphorus. On the other hand, the product consisting of calcium and vitamin D3 had no beneficial impact on the egg parameters. 

Based on the obtained results and literature data, it can be concluded that the amount and source of calcium in the diet of laying hens is a very complex and not fully solved issue. Therefore, especially keeping in mind the duration of the experiment, additional research is needed on this subject.
THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. IN POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTION
Authors: Petrović Jelena , Stojanov Igor , Gusman Vera , Lekić Jelena , Ratajac Radomir , Medić Snežana
Published: June 2020

Th ermophilic Campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of zoonotic enteric disease in Europe and USA. In Serbia, it has an upward trend in human population. Th e disease is usually indirectly transmitted to humans through the consumption of food contaminated by the faeces of infected animals. Th e aim of this paper was to analyze data on the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat production chain and the risk for the development of the disease in humans. Th e Campylobacter jejuni/coli was identifi ed at farm level in 73.3% of poultry, 66.6% calves and 58.3% pig samples of already ill or suspected cases. Clinical manifestation of the disease in birds can be expected if an additional immunosuppressive factor is present. Artifi cial infection of healthy chickens with 6.77 log cfu C. jejuni per chicken on day 21st of life leads to 5.26 log cfu/g faeces aft er only fi ve days with a tendency to decrease during the next 18 days. Although chilling and freezing may signifi cantly reduce Campylobacter contamination of carcasses, it cannot completely eliminate the initial contamination. According to our experimental results the prevalence of Campylobacter contaminated chickens from positive fl ock appears to drop from 100% live birds (with 3.02 log cfu/g faeces) to 50% of chicken carcasses. Contamination of the carcasses depends on initial contamination of live birds, good hygiene practices andgood manufacturing practices. Th erefore, high variability in contamination of carcasses can be considered; prevalence range from 11.43 to 90.00% ofcarcases was established in various slaughterhouses. At retail, Campylobacter was detected in 18.8% poultry meat samples and 10.0% samples of othermeat types. Campylobacter is frequently found in the entire production chain of poultry meat and represents high risk for consumers’ health.
INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE (GUMBORO DISEASE)
Authors: Velhner Maja
Published: June 2020

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is widespread in many countries with intensive poultry industry. The causative agent is an RNA virus that belongs to Birnaviridae family. Two serotypes of IBDV exist. Serotype 1 strains originate from chickens, while serotypes 2 viruses are isolated from turkeys. Serotype 1 strains are further divided as classical, variant and very virulent. All the categories of young chickens are prone to the disease. Due to resultant immunosuppression the birds are exposed to secondary bacterial and viral infection that causes additional economic losses. The virus multiplies in the bursa of Fabricius inducing lymphocyte depletion (all strains) and inflammation (classical and very virulent strains). Approximately four days post infection, atrophy of bursa occurs followed by recovery process. Spleen, thymus and bone marrow are also damaged and the intensity of damage depends on the virus involved. Damages of these organs could be detected by pathohistological examination. The inflammatory response in bursa coincides with strong influx of CD3+ cells that take part in virus clearance and recovery. The disease can be controlled by the application of vaccination. Parent flocks are vaccinated with oil emulsion vaccines providing transfer of maternally derived antibodies to the progeny. In this way chickens are protected at an early age, while live vaccines provide protection during rearing. Live vaccines are classified as mild, intermediate and “hot”. Stronger vaccines can overcome high levels of maternal antibodies more efficiently and are recommended in questionable filed situation. Such vaccines may cause destruction of the bursa followed by a quick and full recovery. The knowledge about the antigenic structure of the virus leads to the production of genetically engineered vaccines that could be used in the future.
SENSITIVITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM POULTRY SAMPLES TO ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS
Authors: Stojanov Igor , Stojanović Dragica , Ratajac Radomir , Plavša Nada , Kapetanov Miloš
Published: June 2020

Antimicrobial drugs are necessary in modern poultry production. They are used in therapy as growth promoters and in prophylactic and therapeutical purposes. The subject of our research is monitoring E. coli sensitivity to antibiotics. The aim of the work is to determine antimicrobial activity of some antibiotic groups on our E. coli isolates, to view therapeutical perspective of used antibiotics in future. The material used in this work were the isolates of E. coli from extensive and intensive poultry breeding farms. Different poultry samples were examined (feces, eggs, 1 day old chickens etc.) using standard bacteriological procedures (cultivating, biochemical tests etc.). Sensitivity to antibiotics were determined using disc diffusion method. The following drug groups were examined: aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, synthetic penicilline, sulphonamide, lincosamides. The obtained results point that in all antibiotic groups sensitivity decreased in the period of three years. Noticed resistance caused the problem in treatment of animals and indicated the problem in defining the drugs of choice in therapy. This could point on the fact that there is a change in bacterial flora (strains resistant on chemotherapeutical) or cases of mutation on the examined area as well as the administration route and technological possibilities of animal breeding.
ALCOHOL HYDROGENESE ACTIVITY IN THE LIVER OF DAIRY COWS
Authors: Kovačević Mira , Košarčić Slavica , Jovičin Milovan , Vujanac Ivan , Milovanović Aleksandar , Bugarski Dejan , Barna Tomislav
Published: June 2020

On large farms in our country silage presents an important part in dairy cows ration. During the process of fermentation, different kinds and amounts of alcohol, first of all ethyl alcohol, emerge in silage. Besides this, in rumen of cows fed with easily digested carbohydrates, a small quantity of ethanol can be detected. The aim of this paper was to determine if alcohol added to rumen is resorbed in blood, determine how long it retains in blood and what is ADH activity in liver in the cows that have been receiving alcohol for 21 days. Two experiments were set for this purpose. In the first experiment three cows in the phase of puerperium received 100, 200 or 300 ml/ratio „Energy plus” that contains 30% of ethyl alcohol. The blood was sampled before administration of „Energy plus” (0) and 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after treatment for determining ethanol concentration. The second experimente included 3 cows in high gravity, 10 days prepartal. They were given „Energy plus” for 21 days (10 days before expected calving and 11 days postpartum). On the eleventh day postpartum the blood and rumen content were sampled for determining ethanol concentration. The rumen content was sampled 1 hour and blood 2 hours after the treatment. Immediately after blood sampling liver biopsy was done for determining ADH activity. The concentration of ethanol in blood was influenced by time of sampling showing the largest differences between the first and second sampling (p=0.01), as well between the first and the third (p=0.03), while between the first and the last two sampling there were no statistically important differences. Also, the correlation coefficient was very high (r=0.92, 0.97 and 0.97) between concentration of alcohol in blood and amount of alcohol that the cows received through ethanol infusion (100, 200, 300 ml). Added amount of alcohol did not significantly change metabolic decomposition of alcohol in liver, since activity of ADH is within the limits of physiological values.
ROLE OF MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCES IN EVALUATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC VETERINARY INSTITUTE „NOVI SAD”
Authors: Stojanović Jelena , Petrović Nenad , Savić Sara
Published: June 2020

Scientific Veterinary Institute „Novi Sad” operates in the environment that requires different approaches, different ways of thinking and different structures. Modern philosophy of an organization is based on premises that the organization is successful because of its human resources, as a factor of competitiveness. Successful business includes human resources. Many good scientific institutes have discovered that the best indicator of overall success is the ability to attract, encourage and keep scientific talents. Focusing on human resources companies develop different means to measure success, establish the way of evaluation, measure and develop human resources – they evaluate satisfaction of employees and estimate the success of the employees.
EXAMINATION OF GLUCOSES CONCENTRATION IN CHRONIC SEPSIS MODEL IN RATS
Authors: Stojanović Dragica , Ašanin Ružica , Ninković Milica , Malićević Živorad , Stojanov Igor
Published: June 2020

We induced clinical form of sepsis in rats by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) with mixed and pure culture of bacteria, with the aim to monitor glucose concentration in sepsis. The trial was carried out on 104 male rats, Wistar strain, body mass 190 to 240 g. The rats were divided in four groups consisting of 28 animals, and a control group of 20 animals. The period of observations were 12, 24, 72 and 120 hours after surgical intervention. In the examined sepsis model, a significant hypoglycemic activity was noticed in early sepsis (12 and 24 hours), but in the group with mixed bacteria culture only after 72 hours. Hyperglycemia was registered in late sepsis (72 hours) in the group of rats where sepsis was caused by pure bacterial culture of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, without statistic significance compared to the findings in the control group.
SEROLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF PARVOVIRUS INFECTION ON PIG FARMS
Authors: Lupulović Diana , Lazić Sava , Petrović Tamaš , Prodanov Jasna
Published: June 2020

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is one of the causative agents in reproductive disorders in swine that causes great economic losses. The objective of our research was to determine prevalence of this infection on farms with intensive breeding in 5 municipalities in Vojvodina. The research encompassed 19 herds with a total of 344 blood samples screened for the presence of antibodies against PPV (gilts, breeding sows and boars). Serological examination was carried out by haemagglutination inhibition test (HI test). After the analyses of the results, seropositive animals were detected on the farms and there were no PPV-free farms. The determined antibody titre against PPV ranged from 1:64 to 1:16384. Out of 344 examined animals, there were 305 (88.66%) with a high antibody titre (1:1024 to 1:16384). The highest level of antibodies (1:16384) was detected in 145 animals, what is 42.15% of total number. In 24 animals (6.97%) titre antibody was 1:512 and these animals were of low seropositivity. Simultaneously, a comparison of antibodies in blood sera was carried out on 20 gilts (Table 3, farm 2) originating from a farm where the animals were vaccinated against PPV and 20 unvaccinated gilts (Table 4, farm 1) originating from a farm without vaccination against PPV. In unvaccinated animals antibody titre was unequal and ranged from 1:256 to 1:16384, in unvaccinated animals the values were considerably higher and ranged from 1:4096 do 1:16384, and in 17 out of 20 vaccinated pigs (85%) the highest antibody titre was 1:16384.
MYCOPLASMA AS THE CAUSE OF INFECTIONS IN CATTLE
Authors: Vidić Branka , Boboš Stanko , Savić Sara , Grgić Živoslav
Published: June 2020

During the last few years more than 20 different types of Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma and Acholeplasma microorganisms have been isolated from cattle with different clinical signs. Most of Mycoplasma microorganisms have a secondary role in the appearance of infection in cattle. Differently, Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) has a primary role in the infection of cattle. It has been proved that M. bovis frequently causes pneumonia, mastitis and arthritis in cows. Besides, M. bovis is identified as a causative agent in meningitis, middle ear infection, keratoconjunctivitis, decubitus abscesses, vaginitis and miscarriages in cows. Diagnostic was done based on the clinical signs and detection of the causative agent, in individual animals and in the herds as whole. The methods used for diagnostic can be cultivation of the causative agent or fluorescence test for antigen detection in pathological material. Also, the detection of specific antibodies can be done, applying different serological methods: fast agglutination on a plate, indirect hemiinhibition, agar gel immunodifussion, CF, ELISA, etc. Polymerasa chain reaction (PCR) is a sensitive method which is mostly used for confirmatory etiological diagnostic. The treatment of Mycoplasma infection is very demanding due to the resistance to most frequently used antibiotics and therefore very different from treating any other bacterial infection. M. bovis is one of the most complicated agents for control as its response to the treatment is weak. A good program for eradication of mycoplasmosis is based on early carrier detection and they are excluded the herds.
FORENSIC INVESTIGATION OF SOW DEATHS IN THE INTENSIVE BREEDING SYSTEM
Authors: Stojanac Nenad , Stevančević Ognjen , Cincović Marko R. , Stančić Ivan , Potkonjak Aleksandar , Toholj Bojan , Vračar Vuk
Published: June 2020

Sow mortality is a great challenge in intensive pig production worldwide. The aim of this study was to forensically examine the reason of sow death for a two-year period on two farms with intensive pig keeping, based on available data. In sows with a greater number of farrowings (over VII) greater number of deaths was found. Seasonality has an impact on sow mortality, in the summer period a larger number of sow death was found. Poor sow condition that usually occurs in the second half of lactation and after weaning, are the predisposition to the factors that lead to the sow death. On both examined farms in more than 60% of dead sows Clostridium spp. and Escherichia coli were isolated. In order to reduce the mortality of sows more attention should be paid to the older sows with a larger number of farrowings, provide better conditions in summer, cooling, and pay more attention to sows during the period from farrowing to the next insemination, respectively.
SUGGESSTED MODEL FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS IN WILD BOAR'S MEAT
Authors: Petrović Jelena , Marčeta Jovan , Antić Dragan , Pušić Ivan , Urošević Miroslav
Published: June 2020

Wild animal meat harvesting and processing is signifi cantly different from classical livestock meat production and represents a challenge by itself.Implementation of concept “from forest to fork” encompasses influence of hunting ground ecology, type of hunting, fi eld evisceration of hunted game, meat inspection aft er shooting or transport etc. The objective of this paper was to propose a model for monitoring and control of food born pathogens in wild boar´s meat. Hazard analysis emphasized the importance of several pathogens: Mycobacterium spp., Salmonella spp., Trichinella spp., and a fi ve-step control program were proposed. The program includes management of microbial contamination of wild boar meat, control measures for live animals, control measures during hunting and aft er shooting, guidelines for offi cial meat inspection with specific details for control of identifi ed hazardous pathogens and control measures for wild boar carcasses processing. Th e research on presence of food born pathogens in wild boar meat is still scarce, while the Trichinella spp. live cycle is well described and there are relevant data about epidemiology and natural reservoirs of the parasite in this part of Europe, little is known about tuberculosis and salmonellosis prevalence in wild boar population. Thus, implementation of control program, with strictly defi ned control measures cannot be overemphasized, and should include veterinary offi cials as well as hunters and others involved in game meat chain.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL OF FLAVIVIRUSES IN HUMAN POPULATION
Authors: Milošević Vesna , Stefan Mikić Sandra , Petrić Dušan , Petrović Tamaš , Radovanov Jelena , Kovačević Gordana , Hrnjaković Cvjetković Ivana
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is development of a model for monitoring and control of vector-transmitted diseases, which manifest increasing tendency during the last few decades. Th e main infection reservoirs are domestic and wild animals as well as various birds, and the disease is transmitted to humans indirectly - by vectors. Recently detected epidemics of Dengue virus, Chikungunya and West Nile virus in countries where these diseases are not common strongly indicate the expansion of infections transmitted by mosquitoes and other vectors, and are the consequence of climatic changes, international trade and travelling. Currently, there are neither vaccines nor specific antiviral therapy for these infections, while the efforts put on vector control did not halt the rapid increase and global spread of the disease. Serological studies and molecular investigation on humans, mosquitoes, horses and birds have suggested the activity of flaviviruses in Serbia. The obtained information on fl avivirus infections in our region are of use in modelling the control and vector monitoring and the prevention of these infections in humans.
ONE HEALTH – CONCEPT FOR TODAY AND TOMORROW
Authors: Savić Sara , Vidić Branka , Ćirković Miroslav , Petrović Tamaš , Bošković Tamara , Bugarski Dejan , Trajković Pavlović Ljiljana , Potkonjak Aleksandar , Vračar Vuk , Uhlenhopp Eldon
Published: June 2020

“One Health” has been defi ned as “the collaborative eff ort of multiple disciplines — working locally, nationally, and globally — to attain optimal health for people, animals and the environment”. One Health is a new initiative, but with the concept that extends back to ancient times. One Health is an interdisciplinary concept for complex health challenges from a holistic integrated perspective, more then a divided perspective based on different disciplines. Th ere is no isolation, wild animals, domestic animals, pathogens and diseases do not know of the political borders. The aim of the One Health initiative is to form unifi ed solutions applicable for the improvement of health of humans, animals and the environment. A workshop was organized for the representatives of all structures and levels of medical and veterinary services of Serbia. During four tasks, among joint working groups, the most important structure of One Health was proposed, introducing possible concept in Serbia.
RARE CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF MAMMARY GLAND INFECTION
Authors: Milanov Dubravka , Suvajdžić Ljiljana , Skoko Vladimir , Prodanov Radulović Jasna
Published: June 2020

A brief case report on bovine subclinical mastitis caused by yeast species Candida lambica is presented in this article. Basic cultural, microscopic and biochemical traits of this rare agent implicated in bovine mammary infection are described. Identifi cation of isolates was performed using an Integral System Yeasts Plus test, a commercial kit for identifi cation of yeasts of importance in medicine. Th e available literature off ers only sporadic reportson C. lambica infection in both humans and animals.
MONITORING OF POSTOPERATIVE COURSE AFTER STERILIZATION IN CATS OF DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE STATUS AFTER THE USE OF XYLASINE/KETAMINE ANESTHESIA
Authors: Samojlović Milena , Davidov Ivana , Apić Jelena , Božić Biljana , Stančić Ivan
Published: June 2020

Surgical sterilization (ovariohysterectomy) is one of the most common surgical procedures in small veterinary practice because it represents the safest way to control the population of cats. Th e aim of this study is to compare postoperative recovery in three groups of cats (estrous, anestrous and gravid cats) aft er performed ovariohysterectomy using combination of xylasine/ketamine anesthesia and, on the basis of obtained data, determine whether there are some signifi cant diff erences in postoperative recovery in these three groups of cats. Th is study included 45 cats that were divided into three groups. First group consisted of 15 cats in estrous, second group consisted of 15 cats in anestrous and the third group consisted of 15 gravid cats. Ovariohysterectomy was performed in private veterinary clinic. Anesthetic protocol was the same for all cats, that is, combination of xylasine and ketamine at appropriate doses according to body weight. Parameters that were followed through postoperative course were appetite, body temperature, appearance of the wound and activity. Data was collected on the first and third day aft er surgery. Analysis of the collected data shows relatively uniform results among groups of cats considering all followed parameters. Results in this study did not show any signifi cant diff erences in response to xylasine/ketamine anesthesia among cats of diff erent reproductive status through monitoring of postoperative course.
RESISTANCE TO FLUOROQUINOLONES IN ESCHERICHIA COLI FROM PIGS
Authors: Todorović Dalibor , Velhner Maja , Ljubojević Dragana , Pajić Marko , Milanov Dubravka
Published: June 2020

The resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to fluoroquinolones has become a serious issue on large pig farms worldwide, since these antimicrobial agents are widely used in the control of various diseases such as neonatal diarrhea, post weaning diarrhea, the edema disease as well as others. Being a frequent inhabitant of the digestive tract, E.coli is oft en exposed to antimicrobial agents, which are used to treat various infections. Uncontrolled application of fluoroquinolones has led to the emergence of resistant pathogenic strains as well as commensals. The spread of resistant strains is mostly found in animal and human food production chains, which are potentially huge threat for the general population. The resistance to fluoroquinolones may very oft en be combined with the resistance to other classes of antibiotics. Therefore, the use of fluoroquinolones for treating uncomplicated infections in pigs must be under strict control or completely banned. In this paper, we compared the results from available literature addressing the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to fl uoroquinolones in E. coli strains both worldwide and in countries from the nearby region.
PCR DETECTION OF GENITAL INFECTIONS IN BULL SEMEN FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF UKRAINE, 2013 - 2016
Authors: Isakov Magomet Magomedovych , Solodiankin Oleksii Serhiyovych , Bolotin Vitaliy Ihorovych , Gerilovych Anton Pavlovych , Potkonjak Aleksandar
Published: June 2020

The most important infectious diseases that aff ect fertility of the bull via semen are reviewed in this article. Th e article describes the results of astudy of cryopreserved semen samples from diff erent regions of Ukraine for the period 2013 to 2016. Th e strategy of regular testing of semen donors under offi cial veterinary supervision has been adopted by governments worldwide as a means of avoiding the spread of pathogens and reducing excessive contamination of semen by ubiquitous bacteria and viruses. During this period, four hundred fi ft y (n=450) bull semen samples from 10 farms across Ukraine have been tested, PCR diagnostics was performed by the standard method developed in NSC «IECVM». According to the PCR analysis of cryopreserved semen from the bull-sires, 19 samples (6%) from Kharkiv region contained genetic material of Mycoplasma spp., 2 samples from Poltava region (3.5%) were positive for BoHV-1, and 2 samples from Cherkasy region (4.5%) contained genetic material of Chlamydia spp. Based on the obtained results we can conclude that it is necessary to permanently perform PCR screening of bulls semen.
Development of a Densification Equipment for Organic Biomass Solid Fuel Pellets
Authors: Ojomo Adebanjo O , Falayi Folayan R , Ogunlowo Agboola S
Published: June 2020

In South Western Nigeria, after the harvesting of maize cobs from the field, large amount of maize stock remains as agricultural residues and wastes. The maize stock constitutes a menace to the environment if not property handled. In this study, densification equipment was designed, fabricated and tested using maize stock grind as raw material. The equipment consists of mixer/ moisture conditioner and a pelleting machine. The power rating for the mixer/moisture conditioner is 0.069 kW with an input capacity of 81 kg/h while the power consumption of the pellet machine is 0.8 kW with throughout capacity of 40 kg/h. The result of the test showed that the highest product temperature, which gives an indication of the quality and durability of the pellets produced was 930C at 0.8 mm hammer mill screen size, 10% moisture content and 150 rpm die speed, at this temperature the machine is operating at optimum efficiency of 74%. High product temperature is an important parameter during pelleting/briquetting operations because it gives the degree of compaction and binding of the pellets/briquettes. The densification equipment for organic biomass was developed using locally sourced materials as a means of converting agricultural wastes into pellets for domestic cooking and cottage industry uses.
Strength Improvement of Weak Subgrade Soil Using Cement and Lime
Authors: Salahudeen Anigilaje B , Sadeeq Ja’afar A
Published: June 2020

The study investigate the suitability of subgrade soil in Baure Local Government Area of Kastina State Nigeria for road construction. The strength properties of the  subgrade was improved using lime and cement. Several analysis including the particle size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio tests were performed on natural and lime/cement treated soil samples in accordance with BS 1377 (1990) and BS 1924 (1990) respectively. Soil specimens were prepared by mixing the soil with lime and cement in steps of 0, 3, 6, and 9% by weight of dry soil in several percentage combinations. The Atterberg limits of the weak subgrade soils improved having a minimum plasticity index value of 5.70 % at 3%Lime/6%Cement contents. The maximum dry density (MDD) values obtained showed a significant improvement having a peak value of 1.66 kN/m3 at 9%Lime/9%Cement contents. Similarly, a minimum value of 18.50 % was observed for optimum moisture content at 9%Lime/9%Cement contents which is a desirable reduction from a value of 25.00 % for the natural soil. The unconfined compressive test value increased from 167.30 kN/m2 for the natural soil to 446.77 kN/m2 at 9%Lime/9%Cement contents 28 days curing period. Likewise, the soaked California bearing ratio values increased from 2.90 % for the natural soil to 83.90 % at 9%Lime/9%Cement contents. Generally, there were improvements in the engineering properties of the weak subgrade soil when treated with lime and cement. However, the peak UCS value of 446.77 kN/m2 fails to meet the recommended UCS value of 1710 KN/m2 specified by TRRL (1977) as a criterion for adequate stabilization using Ordinary Portland Cement.            Keywords: Weak subgrade soil, Lime, Cement, Atterberg limits, Maximum dry density, Optimum moisture content, Unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio
Investigating Predictive Capabilities of RBFNN, MLPNN and GRNN Models for LTE Cellular Network Radio Signal Power Datasets
Authors: Isabona Joseph , Osaigbovo Anthony I
Published: June 2020

Efficient radio frequency signal coverage planning with well configured transmitters and receivers’ communication channels, is the heart of any cost-effective cellular network design, deployment and operation. It ensures that both network quality and coverage are simultaneously make best use of (i.e. maximized). This work aim to appraise the adaptive learning and predictive capacity of three neural network models on spatial radio signal power datasets obtained from commercial LTE cellular networks. The neural network models are radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) trained with Bayesian regulation algorithms and general regression neural network (GRNN) models.  Largely, it is established from the results that ANN prediction methods can tolerate and adapt to measurement errors of attenuating LTE radio signals. Performance comparisons reveal that all the neural network models can predict the propagated LTE radio signals with considerable errors. Specifically, RBFNN delivered the overall best performance with the smallest mean absolute percentage error, root mean square error, mean absolute error and standard deviation values. The GRNN model also gave better prediction results with marginal errors compared to the MLPNN. Thus, the predictive abilities of RBFNN and GRNN models can be explored as a useful tool to successfully plan or fine-tune mobile radio signal coverage area. Keywords: Neural networks; Signal power; attenuating radio signals; radial basis function multilayer perceptron, general regression neural network, Adaptive signal prediction
Control interno y su incidencia en la gestión de obras en Municipalidades Distritales de Pachitea - Huánuco
Authors: Albornoz-Romero Deysi Y.
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar si el control interno incide en la gestión de obras de las Municipalidades Distritales de Pachitea, provincia y departamento de Huánuco, durante el 2017. El estudio fue de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, con diseño correlacional. La muestra la conformaron 48 trabajadores de obras de 4 Municipalidades Distritales de la Provincia de Pachitea, seleccionados mediante el muestreo no probabilístico. Los datos se recolectaron mediante dos cuestionarios: medición del control interno y la gestión de obras municipales, previamente validadas, y fiabilizadas. Se aplicaron las consideraciones éticas de investigación. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo y la hipótesis se comprobó mediante la prueba Rho de Sperman para un p <0,05. Según los resultados se tuvo que 39.6%(19) de la muestra percibieron que el control interno fue adecuado, 35.4%(17) de nivel regular y 25.0%(12) inadecuado. De otro lado, 37.5%(18) referían que existe una gestión ineficiente, 33.3%(16) una gestión regular y solo 29.2%(14) refirieron una gestión eficiente. Se concluye que existe correlación positiva, moderada y significativa entre las variables analizadas (rs = 0.476 y p<0.05); por tanto, se afirma que el control interno incide positivamente en la gestión de obras en las Municipalidades Distritales de Pachitea.