bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiviral treatment of COVID-19: a clinical pharmacology narrative review
Authors: Instiaty  , Darmayani I Gusti Agung Ayu Putu Sri , Marzuki Jefman Efendi , Angelia Ferina , William  , Siane Angelina , Sary Lela Dwi , Yohanes Lina , Widyastuti Reni , Nova Riki , Simorangkir Dewi Sharon , Lonah  , Safitri Yolanda , Aliska Gestina , Gayatri Anggi
Published: July 2020

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 in China, has become a pandemic in March 2020. Repurposing old and relatively safe drugs becomes an advantageous option to obtain the urgently needed effective treatment. Repurposing chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, oseltamivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, andfavipiravir, and the use of investigational drug remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19, are reviewed from the clinical pharmacology perspective, particularly its efficacy and safety. Limited clinical studies of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, and remdesivir showed some efficacy in COVID-19 treatment with tolerable adverse effects. Potential serious adverse effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is cardiac arrhythmia. Oseltamivir has no documented activity against SARS-CoV-2, while lopinavir/ritonavir showed limited efficacy in COVID-19. Currently, there is no sufficient evidence to recommend any specific anti-COVID-19 treatment. The decision to use these drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic must be based on careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks to the patient.
Persistent stigma despite social change: experiences of stigma among single women who were pregnant or mothers in the Republic of Ireland 1996–2010
Authors: Bradley Ciara , Millar Michelle
Published: July 2020

‘Single’ women continue to experience stigma during pregnancy and mothering in the Republic of Ireland. This article explores the experiences of stigma of single women who were pregnant and mothering in Ireland between 1996 and 2010. The biographic narrative interpretive method (BNIM) was used to elicit biographical narratives. Analysis on both the lived experience of the women and the social context of the time created a ‘situated subjectivity’ in a sociocultural context. This article argues that despite large-scale positive social change before and during this period, single women’s pregnancy and motherhood continued to be to be stigmatised in Ireland. Women experienced this stigma in their everyday interactions. They negotiated stigma in their personal and social lives, employing strategies that drew on material and symbolic resources available to them. Social class, ethnicity and time were among factors that mediate the experience, but can also intersected in particular social locations to create a more stigmatised identity.
“We’re keeping everything together with Band-Aids”: a case study of care work and family violence during a US oil boom
Authors: Legerski Elizabeth M. , Hand Laura C.
Published: July 2020

The Bakken region of the US recently experienced an oil boom, resulting in population growth and social change, including increased family violence. Drawing on care work literature, we ask: how might rural resource development impact the care work associated with services for domestic violence survivors? Utilising thematic analysis techniques, we examine data from in-depth interviews conducted with 50 care workers. We find that oil booms: (1) create more demand for care work; (2) lead to a scarcity of care workers; and (3) impact care delivery and burnout among care workers. Findings illustrate the importance of considering care as human infrastructure.
Study on the dopant concentration ratio in thulium-holmium doped silica fibers for lasing at 2.1µm
Authors: Ramírez-Martínez N. J. , Núñez-Velázquez M. , Sahu J. K.
Published: July 2020

We present the fabrication and laser performance of thulium-holmium co-doped silica fibers when cladding pumped at ∼790 nm. By using the hybrid gas phase-solution doping process in conjunction with the MCVD preform fabrication technique, the doping concentration and the Tm:Ho ratio were varied to study the energy transfer efficiency from Tm3+ to Ho3+. Our study indicates that for a thulium concentration that has resulted in an efficient two-for-one cross- relaxation process with 790 nm pumping, and while maintaining a Tm:Ho concentration ratio in the range ∼ 10 to 20, the energy transfer efficiency has reached above 75%. In a free-running laser cavity, the pump power limited laser output of 38W with a slope efficiency of 56% at 2.1 microns is demonstrated.
High speed and ultra-low dark current Ge vertical p-i-n photodetectors on an oxygen-annealed Ge-on-insulator platform with GeOx surface passivation
Authors: Son Bongkwon , Lin Yiding , Lee Kwang Hong , Wang Yue , Wu Shaoteng , Tan Chuan Seng
Published: July 2020

Germanium (Ge) vertical p-i-n photodetectors were demonstrated with an ultra-low dark current of 0.57 mA/cm2 at −1 V. A germanium-on-insulator (GOI) platform with a 200-mm wafer scale was realized for photodetector fabrication via direct wafer bonding and layer transfer techniques, followed by oxygen annealing in finance. A thin germanium-oxide (GeOx) layer was formed on the sidewall of photodetectors by ozone oxidation to suppress surface leakage current. The responsivity of the vertical p-i-n annealed GOI photodetectors was revealed to be 0.42 and 0.28 A/W at 1,500 and 1,550 nm at −1 V, respectively. The photodetector characteristics are investigated in comparison with photodetectors with SiO2 surface passivation. The surface leakage current is reduced by a factor of 10 for photodetectors via ozone oxidation. The 3dB bandwidth of 1.72 GHz at −1 V for GeOx surface-passivated photodetectors is enhanced by approximately 2 times compared to the one for SiO2 surface-passivated photodetectors. The 3dB bandwidth is theoretically expected to further enhance to ∼70 GHz with a 5 µm mesa diameter.
Public relations in public institutions: A research on the effectiveness of communication process
Authors: Çelebi Engin
Published: July 2020

Public relations practitioners can assume many different roles in public institutions. The common goal of these different roles is to try to influence the attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of the target groups through effective communication strategies. Thus, support from the public is considered. In this study, it is aimed to find out the effective strategies to improve the quality of the relations with the target groups of public institutions. For this purpose, the relationship between the communicative process established by public institutions with their target groups and relational results were examined. The research conducted on 251 people revealed that perceived communicative skills of local public institutions had positive effects on public relations perceptions (trust, commitment, satisfaction). The most important dimension is satisfaction. On the other hand, a weak relationship was found between the communicative process and control mutuality. This finding indicates that public relations department is not effective in the decision making process in public institutions. The results of the research are proposed to improve the relational results between public institutions and target groups.
Gonzalez v. Douglas
Authors: Acosta Christina
Published: July 2020

The Mexican American Studies program in Tucson, Arizona, was eliminated in 2011. Shortly afterward, a group of teachers organized to challenge the ban on Ethnic Studies, claiming it was enacted with racial animus and violated constitutional protections. While much scholarship has been written analyzing the bill that contributed to the elimination of the program, a lacunae in the literature has been a focus on the litigation. This article utilizes twenty-one interviews with individuals who were involved in the Gonzalez v. Douglas litigation and successfully overturned the ban in the summer of 2017. Their narratives reveal the importance of what the author terms transformative historical capital, which refers to the transformation that occurs internally when one learns of the tools, knowledge, networks, and determination extant in the Chicana/o community (as well as other communities of color) due to a long history of social movements that sought civil rights and self-determination.
Public Talk at the Fiftieth Anniversary of the TWLF at UC Berkeley
Authors: Bacchetta Paola
Published: July 2020

This is a version of a public talk by Professor Paola Bacchetta of the Department of Gender and Women’s Studies at UC Berkeley, which she read at a rally that commemorated the fiftieth anniversary of the Third World Strike on the same campus. The rally was part of a series of related events and it took place on the steps of Sproul Hall at UC Berkeley on January 22, 2019. The rally speakers and participants included elders from the Third World Liberation Front (TWLF) movement, current students and professors, and community members. The purpose of the rally was to bring people together to remember and honor the struggle of the TWLF and to inspire links between the past and present struggles.
Native Americans and the Third World Strike at UC Berkeley
Authors: Jack LaNada War
Published: July 2020

The author reflects on her personal experience as a Native American at UC Berkeley in the 1960s as well as on her activism and important leadership roles in the 1969 Third World Liberation Front student strike, which had as its goal the creation of an interdisciplinary Third World College at the university.
Liberating a Colonized Mind
Authors: Macías Ysidro
Published: July 2020

The author reflects upon his experiences organizing Chicano students, supporting community activism, and participating in the 1969 Third World Strike at UC Berkeley. He additionally offers his own perspective on the importance of Ethnic Studies both inside and outside of academia
A Personal and Social Transformation
Authors: Leong Jeffrey Thomas
Published: July 2020

The author reflects on his life growing up as an Asian American in California, his experiences during the 1960s, and his involvement in the 1969 Third World Strike at UC Berkeley, as well as the transformative role these experiences played in his life.
Ethnic Studies on its Fiftieth Anniversary
Authors: Dong Harvey
Published: July 2020

The author reflects on his participation in the Asian American Political Alliance and involvement in the Third World Strike at UC Berkeley in 1969, as well as the development and challenges with Asian American Studies and Ethnic Studies.
The Medium Concept
Authors: Shechtman Anna
Published: July 2020

In the second half of the twentieth century, in the very decades when the concept of “media” entered the vernacular, the “medium concept” began to shape American art criticism and curation. This was no coincidence: “mediums” emerged as a category for the organization and appreciation of art as the dialectical counterpart to media, and in response to the cultural imperialism of its mass-produced forms. As art became increasingly public, mediums became the public face of art.
Long-Term Reciprocal Gene Flow in Wild and Domestic Geese Reveals Complex Domestication History
Authors: Heikkinen Marja E , Ruokonen Minna , White Thomas A , Alexander Michelle M , Gündüz İslam , Dobney Keith M , Aspi Jouni , Searle Jeremy B , Pyhäjärvi Tanja
Published: July 2020

Hybridization has frequently been observed between wild and domestic species and can substantially impact genetic diversity of both counterparts. Geese show some of the highest levels of interspecific hybridization across all bird orders, and two of the goose species in the genus Anser have been domesticated providing an excellent opportunity for a joint study of domestication and hybridization. Until now, knowledge of the details of the goose domestication process has come from archaeological findings and historical writings supplemented with a few studies based on mitochondrial DNA. Here, we used genome-wide markers to make the first genome-based inference of the timing of European goose domestication. We also analyzed the impact of hybridization on the genome-wide genetic variation in current populations of the European domestic goose and its wild progenitor: the graylag goose (Anser anser). Our dataset consisted of 58 wild graylags sampled around Eurasia and 75 domestic geese representing 14 breeds genotyped for 33,527 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Demographic reconstruction and clustering analysis suggested that divergence between wild and domestic geese around 5,300 generations ago was followed by long-term genetic exchange, and that graylag populations have 3.2–58.0% admixture proportions with domestic geese, with distinct geographic patterns. Surprisingly, many modern European breeds share considerable (> 10%) ancestry with the Chinese domestic geese that is derived from the swan goose Anser cygnoid. We show that the domestication process can progress despite continued and pervasive gene flow from the wild form.
Inversion Genotyping in the Anopheles gambiae Complex Using High-Throughput Array and Sequencing Platforms
Authors: Love R Rebecca , Pombi Marco , Guelbeogo Moussa W , Campbell Nathan R , Stephens Melissa T , Dabire Roch K , Costantini Carlo , della Torre Alessandra , Besansky Nora J
Published: July 2020

Chromosomal inversion polymorphisms have special importance in the Anopheles gambiae complex of malaria vector mosquitoes, due to their role in local adaptation and range expansion. The study of inversions in natural populations is reliant on polytene chromosome analysis by expert cytogeneticists, a process that is limited by the rarity of trained specialists, low throughput, and restrictive sampling requirements. To overcome this barrier, we ascertained tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are highly correlated with inversion status (inverted or standard orientation). We compared the performance of the tag SNPs using two alternative high throughput molecular genotyping approaches vs. traditional cytogenetic karyotyping of the same 960 individual An. gambiae and An. coluzzii mosquitoes sampled from Burkina Faso, West Africa. We show that both molecular approaches yield comparable results, and that either one performs as well or better than cytogenetics in terms of genotyping accuracy. Given the ability of molecular genotyping approaches to be conducted at scale and at relatively low cost without restriction on mosquito sex or developmental stage, molecular genotyping via tag SNPs has the potential to revitalize research into the role of chromosomal inversions in the behavior and ongoing adaptation of An. gambiae and An. coluzzii to environmental heterogeneities.
Precise Replacement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteasome Genes with Human Orthologs by an Integrative Targeting Method
Authors: Yellman Christopher M
Published: July 2020

Artificial induction of a chromosomal double-strand break in Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhances the frequency of integration of homologous DNA fragments into the broken region by up to several orders of magnitude. The process of homologous repair can be exploited to integrate, in principle, any foreign DNA into a target site, provided the introduced DNA is flanked at both the 5′ and 3′ ends by sequences homologous to the region surrounding the double-strand break. I have developed tools to precisely direct double-strand breaks to chromosomal target sites with the meganuclease I-SceI and select integration events at those sites. The method is validated in two different applications. First, the introduction of site-specific single-nucleotide phosphorylation site mutations into the S. cerevisiae gene SPO12. Second, the precise chromosomal replacement of eleven S. cerevisiae proteasome genes with their human orthologs. Placing the human genes under S. cerevisiae transcriptional control allowed us to update our understanding of cross-species functional gene replacement. This experience suggests that using native promoters may be a useful general strategy for the coordinated expression of foreign genes in S. cerevisiae. I provide an integrative targeting tool set that will facilitate a variety of precision genome engineering applications.
rdmc: An Open Source R Package Implementing Convergent Adaptation Models of Lee and Coop (2017)
Authors: Tittes Silas
Published: July 2020

The availability of whole genome sequencing data from multiple related populations creates opportunities to test sophisticated population genetic models of convergent adaptation. Recent work by Lee and Coop (2017) developed models to infer modes of convergent adaption at local genomic scales, providing a rich framework for assessing how selection has acted across multiple populations at the tested locus. Here I present, rdmc, an R package that builds on the existing software implementation of Lee and Coop (2017) that prioritizes ease of use, portability, and scalability. I demonstrate installation and comprehensive overview of the package’s current utilities.
Peter Reddaway, The Dissidents: A Memoir of Working with the Resistance in Russia, 1960-1990. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2020. ISBN: 9780815737735. Hardcover, 338 pp., $29.99
Authors: Hoff Dr. Samuel B.
Published: July 2020

The author, professor emeritus of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, has written his fourth book about recent Soviet Russian history.  However, unlike the previous three, he approaches this work from a personal perspective.  The objective of the current book is to relay his experience with the dissident movement in the aforementioned nation and to assess the reasons why reforms have been largely stymied.  Reddaway’s examination of the topic coincides with contemporary events both domestic and worldwide.
Transcarpathian Werewolf Stories: Gender Attitudes
Authors: Boudovskaia Elena , Sadoja Kira
Published: July 2020

The article examines werewolf stories recorded by authors in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine and adjacent territories. We analyze most common plot types of such stories, and found that out of the two main types, one expresses female perspective (and is recorded exclusively from women), while the other, male perspective (and is recorded from speakers of both genders). We also examine stories of deviating or hybrid types to show how speakers’ gender attitudes can lead to changes in the plot.
Comprehensive Evaluation Model for Cumputer Based Educaton
Authors: Murray David R. , Murray Mary G.
Published: July 2020

As opportunities to use computers in learning laboratory settings increase,directors will be faced with the problem of assisting faculty to select and evaluate themost appropriate courseware for their needs. This article presents a comprehensiveevaluation model that could be applied for computer based education programs in avariety of arts and sciences areas. The model includes a pre-implementation stage.This stage determines program compatibility, content evaluation and hardwareconsiderations. A second stage considers formative evaluation, continued availabilityof equipment and the recording of time records. Finally, the last phase, summativeevaluation, includes collecting student attitudes, assessing cost effectiveness,determining external influences and finally, suggesting ways of reaching a decision ofworth. The implementation of this model should provide a system where studentscould work with computer programs of a proven quality. Also, learning laboratorydirectors and faculty could show a certain level of accountability towards spendingmoney on computer software or courseware.
The transitioning process: A qualitative case study of international swimming and diving student-athletes competing in the NCAA
Authors: Otto Marcella Giuliana , Martinez Jean Michael , Barnhill Christopher
Published: July 2020

Prior studies examining international student-athletes’ transition experiences to life on American colleges campuses have generally focused on outcomes related to their recruiting experience and change adaptation. Few studies included the adjustment process and challenges faced by the individuals. The primary purpose of this case study was to add to the existing literature by expanding on the psychological transition process of international swimming and diving student-athletes experience after joining an American intercollegiate athletics team. Utilizing Bridges (1986) model, the present study employed semi-structured interviews amongst 10 international student-athletes from a large NCAA Division I university. A thematic analysis revealed seven major themes, which were: realization that change was necessary, reflecting on the decision, language barrier, education system, cultural adjustment and valuable lessons,international bond, and words of wisdom. The findings suggested transition is a multi-stage process that occurs throughout student-athletes’ experiences on campus.

 

Key words: college athletics, international student-athletes, transitioning process
Parents’ Motivations for Enrolling their Children in Recreational Sports
Authors: Pracht Dale Wayne , Houghton Victoria , Fogarty Kate , Sagas Michael
Published: July 2020

Extensive literature covers reasons for participation in sports from the perspective of youth athletes. However, athletic involvement starts early and is determined in part by parental support. The purpose of this study was to learn more about parents’ motivations for enrolling their children in sports. A 49-item parent motivational scale of reasons for enrolling child(ren) in sports was created as part of the study first as a pilot and later tested with 84 parent participants who had school-aged children enrolled in recreational sports. An open-ended question on primary reasons why parents enrolled their child in sports was also included in the study. Exploratory factor analysis of the motivational scale indicated a four-component solution for types of reasons parents enrolled their children in sports: 1. Extrinsic/parent-focused; 2. Child growth and development; 3. Social benefits; and 4. Health/well-being.  Parents rated the latter three types of beneficial reasons for enrolling children in sports more highly than extrinsic/parent-focused ones and were more likely to list beneficial than extrinsic reasons in the open-ended question. Scores on several individual motivational items varied by child’s, not parent’s, gender and parent’s marital status. Implications for use of self-determination and expectancy-value theoretical perspectives, understanding parents’ motivations to encourage children’s sports participation while considering family structure and gender of child, and study limitations with ideas for future research are discussed.
Implementation and perceived benefits of an after-school soccer program designed to promote social and emotional learning
Authors: Wright Paul M. , Howell Steven , Jacobs Jenn , McLoughlin Gabriella
Published: July 2020

Social and emotional learning (SEL) competencies such as self-awareness and relationship skills are predictors of academic success, overall well-being, and avoidance of problematic behaviors. Among school-aged children, research has demonstrated that well-implemented programs teach SEL competencies and life skills (e.g., leadership, responsible decision making) that can transfer to other settings. Similar claims have been made in the field of sport-based youth development (SBYD), however, the SEL framework has not been widely applied in sport programming. Implementation, student learning, and transfer of learning in SBYD programs designed to promote SEL require further exploration. Therefore, the current study examined the implementation and perceived benefits of an after-school soccer program designed to promote SEL. Participants were six coaches and 51 students from three different sites where this program is offered. A multiple case study design was used, integrating data from customized feedback surveys, interviews, systematic observation, and field notes. Results indicated the program reflects many SBYD best practices. Although implementation varied between sites, program culture and core values were consistent. Evidence indicated students learned and applied SEL lessons in the soccer program and that transfer beyond the program was promoted. Participants were most likely to report transfer to the school setting, therefore, future studies should examine this topic more directly. Other implications for research and program implementation are discussed.
Traditional uses and relative cultural importance of Tetragonula iridipennis (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) in Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Chet , Gonzalez Victor H. , Smith Deborah
Published: July 2020

Indigenous and non-indigenous peoples in tropical and subtropical areas of the world use stingless bees for diverse purposes. Literature records indicate that people from different regions in Nepal use Tetragonula iridipennis (Smith), the only stingless bee species that occurs in the country. However, ethnobiological knowledge on this bee remains poorly documented. Herein we report for the first time on the local indigenous nomenclature, traditional knowledge, and management practices among four ethnic communities (Chhetri, Brahmin, Tharu, and Kirat) in Nepal. We also offer a preliminary quantitative analysis of the relative cultural importance of this species among these ethnic groups. We conducted ethnographic research across the Terai and Pahad regions (8 districts and 6 zones) of Nepal and recorded 18 specific uses in food, medicine, crafts, and religious beliefs. Based on the relative importance index, T. iridipennis is most culturally important for the Tharu people, a finding that supports the reliance of this ethnic group on local natural resources in their everyday life. All participant communities largely exploit this bee through extractive management practice of wild populations. We discuss the conservation status and future directions for the sustainable use of this stingless bee in the country.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Educational Studies About “Museum Education
Authors: BOZDOĞAN Kerem
Published: July 2020

This study aimed at analyzing the scientific publications about museum education with regard to bibliometric indicators. The study was carried out as a case study, one of the qualitative research methods. The bibliometric data were taken from the WoS database produced by Clarivate Analytics. An online scanning was performed in WoS database. The scan interval involved the dates between 1975 and April 4, 2020. 359 studies related to the museum education were detected in this scan. It was determined that out of these records, 148 of them (%41,22) were included in education/educational research category. The analyses revealed that the type of publications which was encountered mostly were academic articles with 148 studies. In addition to this, it was found that 109 articles were published in the last five years. This rate exhibits that the educational research about the museum education has gained acceleration in recent years. It was detected in the analyses that a total of 470 different key words were used in 148 articles. Moreover, the analyses revealed that the most effective journal was “Journal of Museum Education”. It was determined by the analyses that the researchers from 25 different countries published articles that made contributions to the field. Within this context, it was found that the most active country was the USA and it was followed by Italy, Canada and England. Turkey is ranked 6 out of 25 countries with 7 publications and this shows that serious contributions are made in this field.
A Study on the Identification of Latent Classes Using Mixture Item Response Theory Models: TIMSS 2015 Case
Authors: SAATÇİOĞLU Fatıma Münevver , ATAR Hakan Yavuz
Published: July 2020

This study examined the existence of latent classes in TIMSS 2015 data from three countries, Singapure, Turkey and South Africa, were analyzed using Mixture Item Response Theory (MixIRT) models (Rasch, 1PL, 2PL and 3PL) on 18 multiple-choice items in the science subtest. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the data obtained from TIMSS 2015 8th grade science subtest have a heterogeneous structure consisting of two latent classes. When the item difficulty parameters in two classes were examined for Singapore, it was determined that the items were considerably easy for the students in Class 1 and the items were easy for the students in Class 2. When the item difficulty parameters in two classes were examined for Turkey, it was found that the items were easy for the students in Class 1 and the items were difficult for the students in Class 2. When the item difficulty parameters in two classes were examined for South Africa, it was ascertained that the items were a bit easy for the students in Class 1 and the items were considerably difficult for the students in Class 2. The findings were discussed in the context of the assumption of parameter invariance and test validity.
Analysis of the Representations in Turkish Middle School Science Textbooks from 2002 to 2017
Authors: AKÇAY Hakan , KAPICI Hasan Ozgur , AKÇAY Behiye
Published: July 2020

Textbooks are one of the primary sources for students to obtain knowledge, so they should present accurate knowledge through textual and visual representations. The goal of the current study is to examine the representations in middle school science textbooks based on the diagram coding scheme to find out a general picture of how representations used in the science textbooks over the fifteen years. The sample consists of 6247 representations from twelve middle school science textbooks (four each of sixth, seventh, and eighth grades) from 2002 to 2017. Content analysis was used to analyze the representations in textbooks, which were gathered by document analysis. The representations were evaluated concerning the combination of two main diagram coding schemes. Findings showed that iconic representations are prevalent in middle school science textbooks. There are limited charts, graphs and augmented reality representations in the science textbooks. Furthermore, there are more male representations than female ones, representations are mostly indexed in the main texts, and captions are mainly problematic in middle school science textbooks. The findings based on the two diagrams coding scheme are mainly coherent with each other. Science textbooks should encourage students to interpret and translate between different representations to enable them accurate knowledge.
The development of Self-Directed Learning skills of Teacher Candidates through Community-Based Recreation Program
Authors: NOKLANG Sumate
Published: July 2020

The purposes of this experimental study with pretest-posttest control-group design were to examine the effect of community-based recreation program (CBRP) in developing of self-directed learning skills (SDLS) among teacher candidates and to evaluate their satisfaction of CBRP. The samples were 60 teacher candidates from Srinakharinwirot University. They were divided equally into two groups (experimental and control group) by using multi-stage sampling. Research instruments were: a CBRP for SDLS development of teacher candidates, which face validity was approved by five experts; and two questionnaires designed by researcher to evaluate teacher candidates’ satisfaction of CBRP and assess their SDLS. Both questionnaires using IOC = 0.8-1.0 on all item with five experts also approved the content validity. Cronbach’s Alpha on all item were 0.80 or higher respectively for coefficient of reliability. Data was analysed by means, S.D., and dependent t-test, independent t-test, and effect size (Cohen’s d). The results indicated that: 1) after the CBRP was completed, the experimental group scored better in both overall and each item of SDLS than before joining the program with significant differences of 0.05, 2) there was no significant difference in the overall and each item of SDLS in the control group between before and after the CBRP was completed; 3) after the CBRP was completed, the experimental group SDLS’s scores were better in both overall and each item than control group at the significant differences of 0.05. Finally, the effect size (Cohen’s d) of this study indicated that the experimental group is large enough to have an influence on the population (d = 18.52); 4) the experimental group scored the highest on the satisfaction evaluation for the CBRP.
Türkler ve Diğerleri
Authors: GÖKMEN Gökhan
Published: July 2020

Dünya tarihinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Büyük Selçukluların tarihi, yayıldığı topraklar üzerinde birçok devletin ortak geçmişini oluşturmaktadır. Bu önemli devleti, tarihî, sosyal, kültürel ve etnik açıdan en iyi ifade edenlerden biri de şair Mu‘izzî (öl. 518-521/1124-1127) olmuştur. Mu‘izzî’nin şiirlerinde Selçuklu geleneğinin, Türk kimliğinin ve onların dinî tercihlerinin izleri görülmektedir. Devletle ve siyasetle iç içe olan Mu‘izzî, Türk unsurunu ve Selçukluların öz kimliklerini ön plana çıkaran şiirlerinde Türk boyları hakkında birçok malumata yer vermekte, ayrıca Dîvân’ında Âd kavmi, Arap, Acem, Deylem, Deyyâr, Ermeni, Hint, Çin ve Rûm boyları hakkında da dikkate değer bilgiler beyan etmektedir. Mu‘izzî’nin, Türk boyları dışında şiirlerinde örneklere yer verip görüşler ileri sürdüğü bu kavimlere nasıl bir bakış açısıyla yaklaştığı hususu birçok açıdan anlam yüklüdür. Bir yandan Mu‘izzî’nin Dîvânı’nda ve düşünce dünyasında bu boyların ne şekilde yer aldığının tespiti hakkında bilgilere ulaşılabilecek; öte yandan bu kavimlerin edebî ve tarihî metinlerdeki varlığı hakkında bilgiler elde edilebilecektir. Bu makalede Mu‘izzî’nin Dîvânı’nda geçen bu boylarla ilgili örneklere ve ifadelere yer verilmektedir.
İsmail Fâzıl [Cebesoy] Paşa’nın Mütareke’nin Akdinden Evvel Vaziyet ve Hâl Üzerine Ufak Bir Nazar Başlıklı El Yazısı Notları
Authors: ERCOŞKUN Tülay , TORUN Sadik Fatih
Published: July 2020

İsmail Fâzıl [Cebesoy] Paşa, Osmanlı Devleti’nin son zamanlarına tanıklık etmiş asker ve devlet adamı olarak hizmet etmiştir. Son Osmanlı Mebusan Meclisi’nde Yozgat Milletvekili olmuştur. Meclisin feshedilmesinden sonra, fikir ve düşünceleriyle Sivas Kongresi’nde ve ilk TBMM’ye katkı sağlayarak Millî Mücadele Hareketi içinde yer almıştır. İlk İcra Vekilleri Heyeti’nde Nafıa Vekilliği yapmıştır. Basılı eserlerinin yanı sıra el yazısıyla tuttuğu notları döneme ışık tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, aile arşivinde yer alan “Mütareke’nin Akdinden Evvel Vaziyet ve Hâl Üzerine Ufak Bir Nazar” başlıklı el yazısıyla tuttuğu notların günümüz Türkçesine çevrilip değerlendirilmesi ve tarih araştırmacılarının istifadesine sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Türkiye - İran Sınır Meseleleri: 1913-1939
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Seçil
Published: July 2020

20. yüzyılda İran-Türkiye ilişkilerinin temelindeki karşılıklı rekabet ve güvensizlik iki devletin tarihi birikimi ile özetlenemeyecek kadar girift bir hal almıştır. I. Dünya Savaşı sonrası sınırlar üzerinden tehdit oluşturmak bölgesel politikanın bir aracı haline gelmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin çöküşü ile İran-Türkiye sınırlarında güvensizlik atmosferi belirginleşmiştir. Bu çalışma, bölge dışı aktörlerin müdahalelerinin Türkiye-İran ilişkilerini ve taraflar arasında sınır güvenliğini etkilediği iddiasındadır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin zayıflamasıyla, İngiltere ve Rusya, İran ve Osmanlı Devleti arasındaki sınır meselelerine İstanbul Protokolü ile dahil olmuştur. Benzer müdahaleler, I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında ve sonrasında Musul Meselesi, Şeyh Sait İsyanı gibi sorunlarda da görülmüştür. İranTürkiye sınır bölgelerinde yaşayan farklı gruplar bu rekabet ve değişim sürecinde silah ve yardım bulmakta zorluk yaşamamış, bu durum bölgesel güvensizliğin sürekliliğine sebep olmuştur. 1930’lu yıllarda dünyadaki şartlar görünürde İranTürkiye ilişkilerinin nispeten yoluna girmesini sağlamışsa da İran-Türkiye arasında yaşanan sınır problemleri uluslararası gerilimlerin tırmandığı dönemlerde ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 20. yüzyılda bölgesel güvenliğe etki eden ve bu yüzyılın sonlarında Türkiye sınırlarını saran terörizm tehdidinin alt yapısını ortaya koymak ve Türkiye’nin komşularıyla yaşadığı sınır sorunlarının uluslararası bir politika aracı olarak bu süreçteki gelişimini açıklamaktır.
The first-line therapy of aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas in russian clinical practice: data from the EQUILIBRIUM study
Authors: Babicheva L. G. , Poddubnaya I. V.
Published: July 2020

The objective: evaluation of effectiveness of the first-line therapy with rituximab of B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases in Russian clinical practice in the period from 2014 to 2017.

Materials and methods. The EQUILIBRIUM post-registration multicenter study included 1000 patients aged 21 to 91 years old with a verified diagnosis of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, who received at least 4 cycles of rituximab-containing therapy with Acellbia®. The group of aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (aNHL), which is the subject of this article, included 295 patients with a median age of 55.9 years: diffuse B-large cell lymphoma – 87 %, primary mediastinal lymphoma – 11 %, Burkitt’s lymphoma – 1 %. Group characterized by the presence of aggressive clinical signs reflecting the poor prognosis: in the majority of patients, generalized stages were diagnosed (61 %), in half of the cases (50.2 %), extranodal localization of tumor foci was detected (in 32.4 % of patients there were 2 or more). The overwhelming majority of patients (84.5 %) received adequate treatment complying with national and international recommendations (R-CHOP, R-CHOEP and R-EPOCH, high-intensity NHL-BFM-R, R-HyperCVAD and R-MACOP-B regimes). The use of R-CVP, FCR, RB, Chl-R, R-monotherapy treatment programs (which received 15.5 % of patients) was considered inadequate for this category of patients.

Results. According to the results of the final assessment, high therapy efficacy was established: the overall response exceeded 90 %, complete remission was achieved in most patients with aNHL (68.5 %), partial remission – in every 5th patient (21.8 %). With a median follow-up of 15 months, 16 (5.42 %) deaths and 34 (11.53 %) events were registered. Median of event-free survival and overall survival have not been achieved. Statistically significant differences depending on first-line therapy efficacy were found in overall survival (p = 0.00000) and eventfree survival (p = 0.00000), once again confirming that the main goal of aNHL treatment is to achieve complete remission.

Conclusion. Available and compliant with national clinical guidelines treatment of aNHL patients with Russian bioanalogue of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (Acellbia®) demonstrates high immediate efficacy and acceptable long-term results, comparable to a retrospective analysis of previous clinical studies of the original drug rituximab.
Successful experience in the use of ultrasound elastography in the differentiating of lymphomatous and metastatic superficial lymphadenopathy
Authors: Kovaleva E. V. , Danzanova T. Yu. , Sinyukova G. T. , Gudilina E. A. , Lepedatu P. I. , Allahverdieva G. F. , Zeynalova P. A. , Larionova V. B. , Kolyadina I. V.
Published: July 2020

The objective: to evaluate the possibilities of ARFI technology (Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse), including Virtual Touch™ Tissue Imaging (VTI) and Virtual Touch™ Tissue Quantification (VTQ) for differentiation of lymphomatous and metastatic superficial lymphadenopathy.

Materials and methods. The prospective study included 138 patients with enlarged superficial lymph nodes (LN). Based on a previous histological examination, patients were divided into two groups: 1st group (n = 108) – patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas and Hodgkin’s lymphoma; 2nd group (n = 30) – patients with metastasis of solid tumors in superficial LN. All patients underwent ultrasound elastography of the enlarged LN using ARFI technology. In VTI study the Area Ratio parameter was evaluated, and the minimum and average values of the shear wave velocity were estimated in VTQ study.

Results. According to the results of VTI study the Area Ratio parameter for enlarged LN in lymphoma (1st group) and for metastatic lymphadenopathy (2 nd group) were 1.031 ± 0.197 and 0.851 ± 0.15, respectively (p = 0.000009). The cut off value of the Area Ratio parameter was 0.901 with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy 80.6, 70.0 and 78.8 %, respectively. Minimum values of shear wave velocities for 1st and 2 nd groups were 1.980 ± 0.557 and 2.214 ± 0.367 m/s, respectively (p = 0.032). The cut off values of the average shear wave velocity in the differentiating of lymphomatous and metastatic lymphadenopathy are determined at the level of 2.00 m/s, with sensitivity of 70.0 %, specificity of 59.3 %, and accuracy of 61.6 %.

Conclusion. Ultrasound elastography with ARFI technology demonstrated statistically significant differences in the Area Ratio parameter and in the minimum shear wave velocity in the enlarged superficial LN in lymphoma and with metastasis that can be used as a preliminary non-invasive differential diagnosis of enlarged superficial LN in these conditions. Moreover, the Area Ratio parameter has a statistically more significant effect on differentiating of lymphomatous and metastatic lymphadenopathy.
Erdheim–Chester disease. Literature review and clinical case
Authors: Krylov A. S. , Dolgushin M. B. , Ryzhkov A. D. , Odzharova A. A. , Shchipakhina Ya. A. , Sushentsov E. A. , Bliznyukov O. P. , Kaspshik S. M. , Martinovich A. A. , Stroganova A. M. , Dranko S. L. , Zeynalova P. A. , Valiev T. T.
Published: July 2020

Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rare and frequently neglected disease, usually with a poor prognosis. The first two cases of ECD were reported by Austrian pathologist: Jakob Erdheim and his apprentice student William Chester in 1930. The etiology and disease incidence are unknown. One of the main components of this disorder is a chronic uncontrollable inflammation. Clinical manifestations of the disease can be very different. ECD affects predominantly adults, usually male population. There is no effective treatment developed yet. In 2016 ECD was classified as histiocytic neoplasm by the World Health Organization and was categorized as “tumors of histiocytes and dendritic cells”. More than half of patients testing positive for the BRAF mutation. There is a Erdheim–Chester Disease Global Alliance (ECDGA), which try to unite and provide with information about diagnostics and treatment of this rare disease both patients and doctors. Today, there are 571 registered patients and only one from Russia. The final diagnosis is made on the basis of histological finding such as infiltration with foamy histiocytes, signs of inflammation and Touton giant cells. Immunohistological analysis is usually CD68 and XIIIa positive. There are radiological finding indicating a possible association with the disease. There is this specific, almost pathognomonic scintigraphic picture of the skeleton, “coated” aorta, “hairy kidney” patterns on computer tomography. We demonstrate a clinical case of a patient with a newly diagnosed ECD with bone and connective tissue involvement, with manifestation of this disease more than 10 years ago. It took four months to make the final diagnosis. There were three biopsies and a wide range of other diagnostic procedures.
Development of Automatic Verification Environment for In-Vehicle Controller Area Network
Authors: Kao Tain-Lieng , Wang San-Yuan , Wu Ming-Hua
Published: July 2020

Due to the development of modern techniques, in the recent years, electronic vehicles and autopilot systems have beensignificant emerged in automobile and IT industrial. This leads the electronics automotive systems and auto-control systems consistedof a lot of high performance Electronic Control Units(ECUs) connected by controller area network (CAN). For realizing morecomplicated design in ECUs, this work integrates real-time OS and network management function. The results improve the CANbusnodes' designing level to as a gateway to interconnect CANbus nodes. As the number of CANbus nodes increase, the verification processis more and more complicated and takes much time. For speeding up the verification process, this work uses CANoe package toprogram the testing script for automotive verification environment. Then the engineer can connect the testing device by CAN to theenvironment for automatic verification. The engineer can define the network messages of the CANbus nodes and tune the design asthe validating progress. The testing results present as XML format and can be transferred to HTML pages for readability. Hence, thiswork realizes an automatic verification environment for CANbus in-vehicle networks.
Review of Energy Efficient Techniques of IoT
Authors: Awasthi Ritesh , Kaur Navneet
Published: July 2020

The network across which the information is sensed by the sensor devices and then forwarded to the sink is known as Internet of Things (IoT). Even though this system is deployed in several applications, there are certain issues faced in it due to its dynamic nature. The internet of things is derived from the wireless sensor networks. The sensor nodes which are deployed to sense environmental conditions are very small in size and also deployed on the far places due to which energy consumption is the major issue of internet of things. This research work related to reduce energy consumption of the network so that lifetime can be improved. In the existing system the approach of multilevel clustering is used for the data aggregation to base station. In the approach of multilevel clustering, the whole network is divided into clusters and cluster heads are selected in each cluster. The energy efficient techniques of internet of things are reviewed and analyzed in terms of certain parameters.
Polar Code: An Advanced Encoding And Decoding Architecture For Next Generation 5G Applications
Authors: Maltiyar Kaveri , Malviya Deepti
Published: July 2020

Polar Codes become a new channel coding, which will be common to apply for next-generation wireless communication systems. Polar codes, introduced by Arikan, achieves the capacity of symmetric channels with “low encoding and decoding complexity” for a large class of underlying channels. Recently, polar code has become the most favorable error correcting code in the viewpoint of information theory due to its property of channel achieving capacity. Polar code achieves the capacity of the class of symmetric binary memory less channels. In this paper review of polar code, an advanced encoding and decoding architecture for next generation applications.