bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Surgical Length of Stay: Quantifying the Impact
Authors: Louie Brian , Guy John , Quinn Michael , Reid Randy
Published: July 2010

Length-of-stay (LOS) reduction is a strategy encouraged at all levels of health care to manage within a resource limited environment. However, few organizations have attempted to quantitatively understand the impact of reducing LOS. This study examines the relationship between reducing LOS and cost through a retrospective, medical records analysis of three surgical procedures (appendectomy, cholecystectomy and caesarean section) at an Ontario community hospital Department of Surgery. Hypotheses are presented and a methodology is described. The results are discussed with a focus on the factors that hospitals, adminstrators and physicians might consider in a LOS reduction program.
Gaining ISO 9001: the experience of Oxford Journals
Authors: SMITH Maxine
Published: July 2010

Whilst experience of ISO 9001 is relatively commonplace in the printing industry, few publishers have implemented the standard to any significant degree. This case study explains why and how Oxford Journals went about obtaining ISO 9001:2008 certification. The overall objective of gaining this certification was to create a standardized framework for the processes by which high‐quality products were created and service given, to the satisfaction of all customers. Oxford Journals wanted to demonstrate to societies, editors, authors, and subscribers that there was a robust methodology in place for the management of quality in relation to its operational processes. This case study documents what Oxford Journals had to do in order to gain this certification, the timescales involved, how the project was initiated, the preparations for the external audit, and how the ongoing maintenance of the certification is now handled. It also considers some lessons that were learned during the certification process.
Is it worth establishing institutional repositories? The strategies for open access to Spanish peer‐reviewed articles
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ‐ARMENTIA Nerea , AMAT Carlos B.
Published: July 2010

We examine open access to the Spanish scientific literature via investigation of a sample of peer‐reviewed articles in seven subject categories. Of the 28,259 papers published in 2000, 26.89% were freely accessible, with the share varying among disciplines. Articles in the social and behavioral sciences were the most widely available for free. This disciplinary divide applies also to the strategies used to offer open access to documents. In clinical medicine, life sciences, arts and humanities and social sciences open access was mainly based on the publishers' side, while subject‐based repositories were dominant in physical, chemical and earth sciences and deposit on homepages was the preferred strategy in engineering, computing and technology. Institutional and general repositories seem to play a minor role in providing free access to the Spanish peer‐reviewed literature. Papers published in commercial journals are less accessible than those that appear in non‐commercial journals, and we found overlaps in almost 20% of papers deposited. The fastest way to gain open access is to deposit in subject‐based repositories and the longest delays are related to deposits in homepages and especially to institutional repositories. Open access to Spanish peer‐reviewed articles is dominated by the passive mechanism of the “gold route” and the editorial strategy with self‐archiving practices in the minority and directed mainly towards subject‐based repositories and homepage posting of the papers. The results of this study could serve as a reference point for further study on the evolution of open access in Spain.
The quest for visibility of scientific journals in Latin America
Authors: ESTRADA‐MEJÍA Catalina , FORERO‐PINEDA Clemente
Published: July 2010

This article studies the strategies for visibility of some of the most outstanding publications from Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Colombia, and the relationship between open access and the visibility of these journals. By means of in‐depth interviews with the editors, we explored their indexing and circulation strategies and examined certain organizational and contextual variables that may have helped them to remain in circulation. We also considered whether a combination of electronic publication and open access to the contents of the journals have increased the visibility of science from these developing countries. When these journals were not available electronically, even if they were distributed at no cost, their distribution was necessarily selective, and one could not properly speak of open access; once they were put on the Web, however, they became widely available at no cost to the reader. The editors' views on open access are also explored.
ExTopoDB: a database of experimentally derived topological models of transmembrane proteins
Authors: Tsaousis Georgios N. , Tsirigos Konstantinos D. , Andrianou Xanthi D. , Liakopoulos Theodore D. , Bagos Pantelis G. , Hamodrakas Stavros J.
Published: July 2010

Summary: ExTopoDB is a publicly accessible database of experimentally derived topological models of transmembrane proteins. It contains information collected from studies in the literature that report the use of biochemical methods for the determination of the topology of α-helical transmembrane proteins. Transmembrane protein topology is highly important in order to understand their function and ExTopoDB provides an up to date, complete and comprehensive dataset of experimentally determined topologies of α-helical transmembrane proteins. Topological information is combined with transmembrane topology prediction resulting in more reliable topological models.

Availability:  http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/ExTopoDB

Contact:  shamodr@biol.uoa.gr

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hepcidin‐25 is a marker of the response rather than resistance to exogenous erythropoietin in chronic kidney disease/chronic heart failure patients†
Authors: van der Putten Karien , Jie Kim E. , van den Broek Daan , Kraaijenhagen Rob J. , Laarakkers Coby , Swinkels Dorine W. , Braam Branko , Gaillard Carlo A.
Published: July 2010

Aims

Erythropoietin (EPO) resistance, an important cause of anaemia in patients with heart and renal failure, is associated with increased mortality. The hypothesis of the present study was that exogenous EPO decreases hepcidin levels and that the decrease in hepcidin levels upon EPO treatment is related to the bone marrow response.

Methods and results

In the EPOCARES trial, patients with renal failure (glomerular filtration rate 20–70 mL/min), heart failure, and anaemia were randomized to receive 50 IU/kg/week EPO (n = 20) or not (n = 13). Haemoglobin (Hb), hepcidin‐25, ferritin, reticulocytes, serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), IL‐6, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein were measured at baseline and during treatment. Hepcidin‐25 was measured by weak cation exchange chromatography/matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Baseline hepcidin levels were increased compared with a healthy reference population and were inversely correlated with Hb (r2 = 0.18, P = 0.02), and positively with ferritin (r2 = 0.51, P < 0.001), but not with renal function, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein or IL‐6. Erythropoietin treatment increased reticulocytes (P < 0.001) and sTfR (P < 0.001), and decreased hepcidin (P < 0.001). Baseline hepcidin levels and the magnitude of the decrease in hepcidin correlated with the increase in reticulocytes (r2 = 0.23, P = 0.03) and sTfR (r2 = 0.23, P = 0.03) and also with the Hb response after 6 months (r2 = 0.49, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

In this group of patients with combined heart and renal failure and anaemia, increased hepcidin levels were associated with markers of iron load and not with markers of inflammation. The (change in) hepcidin levels predicted early and long‐term bone marrow response to exogenous EPO. In our group hepcidin seems to reflect iron load and response to EPO rather than inflammation and EPO resistance.
Academic libraries in transition: some leadership issues – a viewpoint
Authors: Moropa Robert
Published: July 2010

Purpose

Academic libraries, in general and more specifically in Africa, are at varying stages of decline: they are gradually being dislodged as top “go‐to” places. This paper aims to suggest that leaders of academic libraries turn to the private sector to learn strategies through which this decline can be stopped or even reversed.

Design/methodology/approach

The aim of this paper is to facilitate that learning process by identifying and analysing the errors or mistakes committed by leaders of other organisations, especially those that were once regarded as successful. The literature that focuses on this phenomenon will be scanned with a view to learning more about once successful companies that failed.

Findings

Factors such as arrogance, complacency and denial have been identified as some of the factors that contributed towards their failure.

Practical implications

The paper concludes with a discussion of this experience at the University of Pretoria and the strategies applied to prevent it from being marginalized.

Originality/value

The value of the paper lies in the identification and suggestion of a practical method, which leaders of academic libraries can employ in preventing or reversing the decline of their libraries.
Gender‐role views and gift‐giving behaviors in Israel
Authors: Dalakas Vassilis , Shoham Aviv
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The paper intends to enrich the set of national contexts used so far in studies about gift‐giving. It also intends to test the unique explanatory power of the dimensions of egalitarianism.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a survey methodology with an Israeli sample.

Findings

The results suggest that egalitarianism affects gift‐giving behaviors only for females and anniversary presents.

Research limitations/implications

The research is not cross‐cultural per se. Thus, further research is needed in nations that are maximally different from the USA and Israel on their cultural dimensions.

Practical implications

Strong social norms about gift‐giving “protocol” may override the effect of egalitarianism attitudes on gift‐giving behavior. Thus, marketers can benefit greatly from creating, nurturing, and promoting ritualistic and structured gift‐giving situations.

Originality/value

The paper examines gift‐giving in Israel, a culturally different setting than the USA and other developed nations. It also extends the use of gender‐role attitudes, especially egalitarianism, as a predictor of gift‐giving behaviors.
Is Platinum Present in Blood and Urine from Treatment Givers during Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy?
Authors: Näslund Andréasson Sara , Anundi Helena , Thorén Sig-Britt , Ehrsson Hans , Mahteme Haile
Published: July 2010

Background. In selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) originating from colorectal cancer (CRC) the high dosage of oxaliplatin (460 mg/m2) is recommended for hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), which may be a health risk to those administering the drug. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of platinum (Pt) exposure for the two main people handling and administering the cytotoxic agent during HIPEC.Methods. Samples of blood and urine were collected from one male surgeon and one female perfusionist during oxaliplatin-based HIPEC treatment with open abdomen coliseum technique on six consecutive patients with PC from CRC.Results. All blood samples analysed were below the detection limit of<0.05 nmol/L Pt, and the urine samples were all below the detection limit of<0.03 nmol/L Pt.Conclusions. There appears to be little or no risk of Pt exposure during HIPEC when the recommended protective garment is used and the safety considerations are followed.
Why Do Parents with Toddlers Store Poisonous Products Safely?
Authors: Beirens Tinneke M. J. , van Beeck Eduard F. , Brug Johannes , den Hertog Paul , Raat Hein
Published: July 2010

Unintentional poisoning is a major cause of nonfatal injuries in children aged 0–24 months. Associations between self-reported habits on the child safe storage of medication and cleaning products and family, and psychosocial factors were assessed, using a model based on the Protection Motivation Theory. By identifying correlates of safety behavior in this manner, more insight in factors which influence this behavior is obtained. Health promotion activities in order to promote safety behavior should address these factors in order to increase the effectiveness of the health message. Data were gathered from a cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaires, mailed to a population sample of 2470 parents with toddlers. The results indicate that the promotion of safe storage of medication and cleaning products should address the family situation, personal cognitive factors as well as social factors. Interventions should particularly focus on parents' self-efficacy of storing poisonous products in a child safe manner and on the vulnerability of their child in their home concerning an unintentional poisoning incident.
The Role of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Obesity-Related Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Balistreri Carmela Rita , Caruso Calogero , Candore Giuseppina
Published: July 2010

Obesity is an energy-rich condition associated with overnutrition, which impairs systemic metabolic homeostasis and elicits stress. It also activates an inflammatory process in metabolically active sites, such as white adipose tissue, liver, and immune cells. As consequence, increased circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, hormone-like molecules, and other inflammatory markers are induced. This determines a chronic active inflammatory condition, associated with the development of the obesity-related inflammatory diseases. This paper describes the role of adipose tissue and the biological effects of many adipokines in these diseases.
Forest Fire Risk Assessment: An Illustrative Example from Ontario, Canada
Authors: Braun W. John , Jones Bruce L. , Lee Jonathan S. W. , Woolford Douglas G. , Wotton B. Mike
Published: July 2010

This paper presents an analysis of ignition and burn risk due to wildfire in a region of Ontario, Canada using a methodology which is applicable to the entire
boreal forest region. A generalized additive model was employed to obtain
ignition risk probabilities and a burn probability map using only historic ignition
and fire area data. Constructing fire shapes according to an accurate physical
model for fire spread, using a fuel map and realistic weather scenarios is
possible with the Prometheus fire growth simulation model. Thus, we applied the
Burn‐P3 implementation of Prometheus to construct a more accurate burn
probability map. The fuel map for the study region was verified and corrected.
Burn‐P3 simulations were run under the settings (related to weather)
recommended in the software documentation and were found to be fairly robust
to errors in the fuel map, but simulated fire sizes were substantially larger than
those observed in the historic record. By adjusting the input parameters to reflect
suppression effects, we obtained a model which gives more appropriate fire
sizes. The resulting burn probability map suggests that risk of fire in the study
area is much lower than what is predicted by Burn‐P3 under its recommended
settings.
Shifts in Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican and Protestant Ecclesiology from 1965 to 2006
Authors: Fahey Michael
Published: July 2010

Drawing upon his thirty years experience of teaching ecclesiology, the author tries to identify some developments and paradigm shifts he recognizes as having influenced theological reflection on the Church in Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, and Protestant contexts. He contrasts the present-day situation of Catholics to the isolationist doldrums that characterized the post-Modernist and pre-Vatican II eras. The impact of the Faith and Order Commission of the World Council of Churches was already notable when Catholics belatedly began to participate in ecumenical dialogue. Various advances in ecclesiology can be identified, especially the use of 'communion' ecclesiology. Negatively, the achievements of ecumenical exchanges are little known by the faithful and rarely cited by church leaders. Canonical regulations especially affecting eucharistic hospitality do not take into consideration the doctrinal consensuses that have emerged. A select bibliography is appended.
The Mixed Solution to the Number Problem
Authors: Peterson Martin
Published: July 2010

You must either save a group of m people or a group of n people. If there are no morally relevant differences among the people, which group should you save? This problem is known as the number problem. The recent discussion has focussed on three proposals: (i) Save the greatest number of people, (ii) Toss a fair coin, or (iii) Set up a weighted lottery, in which the probability of saving m people is m/m+n, and the probability of saving n people is n/m+n. This contribution examines a fourth alternative, the mixed solution, according to which both fairness and the total number of people saved count. It is shown that the mixed solution can be defended without assuming the possibility of interpersonal comparisons of value.
Nogle Bemærkninger Om Islands Folkeretlige Stilling
Authors: Arnórsson Einar
Published: July 2010

Naar man skal fremstille Islands folkeretlige Stilling maa man sondre mellem Islands folkeretlige Stilling i Forholdet til Danmark og Islands folkeretlige Stilling i Almindelighed. Det er mest hensigtsmocssigt først at behandle Islands folkeretlige Stilling i Forholdet til Danmark, fordi den i det vaesentlige danner Grundlaget for Islands folkeretlige Stilling i Almindelighed.
Legal Standing for NGOs in Environmental Matters under the Aarhus Convention and under Community and National Law
Authors: Ziehm Cornelia
Published: July 2010

For some thirty years or more, there have been calls in Germany for non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to be given legal standing to ensure correct application and enforcement of environmental law1. The German Advisory Council on the Environment (SRU) has long advocated such legal standing for NGOs2, emphasising in particular that the right to bring a representative action in no way constitutes privileged treatment of environmental interests. Rather, it redresses the inequalities of a legal system that places the interests of environment users above those of environment protection3. The representative action has to be seen as a much-needed form of legal standing for public interests that have up to now been unenforceable before the courts. The following article describes the practical experiences with legal standing for NGOs and the relevance of the judiciary, deals with the core elements of the Aarhus Convention, the Directives 2003/4/EC, 2003/35/FC and the proposal for a directive on access to justice in environmental matters and displays the respective comments and recommendations of the Council.
The Effects of Acclimation and Low Temperatures on Enzyme Activities in Larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zell. (Lep., Pyralidae)
Authors: Sømme Lauritz
Published: July 2010

Following acclimation at 20° or 6° and exposure at -6° levels of enzyme activities were studied in larvae of Ephestia kuehniella. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalases, proteinases and acetylcholine esterase were all affected by the acclimation temperatures. Some enzymes, like 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatases, showed different levels of activity after exposure at -6° depending on previous acclimation. After exposure at -6° the activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatases and acetylcholine esterase in larvae injected with glycerol were similar to those of larvae acclimated at 6°. Oxygen consumption and activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and trehalase were not influenced by previous temperature treatments. It appears that various enzymes are affected in different ways by acclimation and exposure at low temperatures. It is suggested that a better balance of various enzyme activities are maintained at low temperatures in larvae acclimated at 6° or injected with glycerol. The results also indicate that resistance acclimation in this species is regulated by mechanisms that do not include capacity acclimation.
A New Species Name in the Crocinae (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae)
Authors: Tjeder BO
Published: July 2010

A new species name, spuria, is proposed for Apocroce pusilla Tjeder, 1974 (nec Taschenberg, 1883).
Zur Kenntnis der Käferfauna der Kanarischen Inseln 17-18. Berichtigung
Authors: Palm Thure
Published: July 2010

Macrocoma occidentalis Palm (Ent. scand. 7:98-102. 1976) is renamed palmaensis n. nom., the name having been preoccupied since 1914 (Escalera: "Los coleopteres Marruecos", pag. 517-518) by Pseudoeolaspis (a synonym of macrocoma) occidentalis Esc.
The small nymphs of Diura nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera)
Authors: Saltveit Svein Jakob
Published: July 2010

A description of the development of the maxilla and the changes in colour pattern of the immature nymphs of the stonefly Diura nanseni is given. The maxillae of these nymphs differed from the description given for larger nymphs used in keys. The colour pattern of these nymphs was also different.
Stayella, a new genus of ovo viviparous cockroaches from Africa (Dictyoptera: Blattariae, Blattellidae)
Authors: Roth Louis M.
Published: July 2010

Stayella, the first ovoviviparous blattellid genus reported, is described. The following 8 species, 4 of which were previously in the genus Symploce, are included in this taxon: bimaculata (Gerstaecker) (type-species; new synonyms = S. massaica Princis and S. backlundi Princis), medleri (Kumar), cinnamomea (Gerstaecker), rohdei (Shelford) (new synonym = S. umbrina Princis), mckittrickae sp.n., abnormalis sp.n., schmitzi sp.n., and enghoffi sp.n. The various known species are redescribed, and a key to the males is given. The genus is restricted to Africa.
New Oriental leafhoppers in the tribe Coelidiini with a revised key to the species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae)
Authors: Nielson M.W.
Published: July 2010

Twenty-seven new species representing 3 genera in the tribe Coelidiini are described and illustrated. These include the following: Taharana parabifurcata, T. furca, T. hardyi, T. dentata, Lodiana perbrevis, L. furcata, L. singularis, L. viraktamathi, L. parapectinata, L. ctenostyla, L. gladia, L. spira, L. tantula, L. fissa, L. alvea, Calodia falx, C. paraobscura, C. kodikanelensis, C. siberutensis, C. pennata, C. sulawesiensis, C. paraostenta, C. iniquitas, C. grandis, C. vicina, C. quadrispinata, and C. laosensis. Revised keys to the species in the genera Taharana, Lodiana and Calodia are also given.
On the phylogenetic position of the Danish strain of the black honeybee (the Læsø bee), Apis mellifera mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences
Authors: Pedersen Bo Vest
Published: July 2010

A comparison of DNA sequences from one Danish (Laesø) and four Swedish strains of Apis mellifera mellifera (the black honeybee), A. m. ligustica (the Italian honeybee), A. m. carnica, and A. m. anatoliaca was performed. The sequences were produced using PCR amplification and direct sequencing of two mtDNA sequences common to all species. The two segments tested were: 1) a 897 bp region of the mt CO-I gene, and 2) a 434-881 bp region of the last part of the mt CO-I gene, the tRNAleu gene, an intergenic region and a small section in the beginning of the CO-II gene. The comparisons of the 897 bp region of the mt CO-I gene showed that two haplotypes with a difference of 15 bp were observed - one haplotype comprising the black honeybee and one all the other subspecies. The alignments of the CO-I / CO-II regions indicate that the strains of the black honeybee could be divided into two types in the studied region: one with 685 bp comprised the Danish strain (Laesø) and the strain from Stockholm's SkærgÅrd, and the other with 881 bp included Swedish strains from UmeÅ, Västerbotten and Jamtland. All the other subspecies, which in the studied region differed from each other only in a few base substitutions, have 434 bp. The length differences are mainly due to duplications in the investigated region. The study shows that the different subspecies can be identified on the basis of mtDNA. The phylogenetic analyses showed that the black honeybee, which can be further divided into different strains on basis of the number of duplications, seems to stand in an isolated position - originating presumably from a long termed isolation during and after the last glaciation.
A new genus of microphthalmic Rhytirrhinini from Andean leaf litter (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Anderson Robert S. , Morrone Juan J.
Published: July 2010

The rhytirrhinine genus Andesianellus gen. n. (type species A. microphthalmicus sp. n.), and nine new species, are described from the highlands of Colombia (1), Ecuador (5), and Peru (3). Andesianellus species are characterized by the following combination of character states: very small body size (< 3.5 mm), eyes reduced to 8 or fewer facets, rostrum distinctly tricarinate dorsally, and basal elytral margin raised and subcarinate. Most specimens were collected in berlese funnel samples of various kinds of montane forest leaf litter. The closest relatives are hypothesized to be the Andean genera Adioristidius Voss and Macrostyphlus Kirsch.
A Structural Analysis of NGO Network Member Participation and Power Distribution: The Case of the Network for Combating Domestic Violence of China Law Society
Authors: Song Zhiyuan
Published: July 2010

This piece uses resource dependence theory to analyze an NGO (non-governmental organization) network, the "Network for Combating Domestic Violence of China Law Society" (NCDVCLS), an organizational network formed by specialists, social elites, GONGOs (government-operated NGOs), grassroots NGOs, and other participants. It identifies the matching of resources among members to be the core factor of success in its formation. The piece further posits that, within the interconnections of the network, members controlling key resources occupy the dominant positions and control the direction of the relationship.
Double Subjects and Conventional Implicatures
Authors: Salmon William
Published: July 2010

This paper considers the class of meaning that Grice (1975) referred to as conventional implicature (CI). There has been a great deal of discussion on this topic since the work of Potts (2005), and much new data has been brought to bear on the subject. However, in the midst of this new work, we have got away from Grice's original conception, and the fact that CIs as defined by Potts are different than what Grice originally intended is often overlooked. The dislocation construction known as a double-subject sentence (DSS), makes a nice test case for exploring the two conceptions of conventional implicature. I show that the DSS meets three of Potts' four CI criteria quite readily. Yet, Potts' criterion that CIs be speaker-oriented — which distinguishes them from Gricean CIs — is difficult to illustrate for the DSS. I then show that this criterion is empirically unsustainable and so should be abandoned. This leaves us with a system that is essentially Gricean, in which the DSS is given a straightforward account.
Didactic Aggressions in the Nile Excursus of Lucan's Bellum Civile
Authors: Barrenechea Francisco
Published: July 2010

In the Nile excursus of his Bellum Civile (10.172-333), Lucan portrays Caesar's inquiry into the source of the river, a well-known topos of human ambition, as an act of aggression, an imperialistic push to transgress natural boundaries. This aggressive drive is foiled by the duplicitous response of both the priest Acoreus and the divinity who inspires him. The digressive quality of the episode offers a redirection and setback for the character of Caesar, which are achieved through the momentary transference of the conflict of the epic to the field of didactic exposition.
Fact and Fiction in Plato's Ion
Authors: Liebert Rana Saadi
Published: July 2010

Plato's Ion develops a concept of fiction distinct from the mimetic accounts of poetry found in the Republic and Aristotle's Poetics . The dialogue dramatically exposes the fictionality of poetry by (1) revealing a disparity between propositional and poetic semantics, (2) identifying the paradox of belief in imaginary worlds, and (3) showing that fictional constructions emerge from novel arrangements of real-world facts. Ultimately, the Ion examines the fraught relationship between literature and the real world, and the peculiar nature of literary knowledge, which takes both fact and fiction as its objects.
Estimating Uganda's Exportable Labour Using a New Pro-Poor Index of Unemployment
Authors: Bakunda Geoffrey
Published: July 2010

This paper reviews recent evidence suggesting the need for many African countries to expand labour exports so as to benefit from increased remittance inflows. Export of labour has continued to be viewed as brain drain with a general lack of sufficient data on what exactly constitutes exportable labour. The paper estimates Uganda's exportable labour using a new Unemployment Index that draws from Kakwani and Son Model (2006). It finds that Uganda's exportable labour is more than twice the current pool of Ugandan emigrants and is constituted by mainly the unskilled casual workers plus the increasing graduate unemployed. Policy implications are drawn to harness this substantial labour resource through gainful employment abroad.
Factors Associated with Employment Status among Graduates in South Africa
Authors: Akinyemi O.
Published: July 2010

This paper examines factors associated with employment status among Graduates in South Africa using the March 2007 labour force survey data from Statistics South Africa. Factors with important implications on employment status rather than speculated gender and race are identified. Using binary logistic model, the paper reveals that government programmes in job creation and reduction of unemployment among graduates are not significant. The findings provide a proper diagnostic solution in the area of policy formulation as to what needs to be done to alleviate graduate unemployment problems in South Africa.
Revisiting the Judicially Changed Personal Names in Ethiopia: A Study from a Sociolinguistic Perspective (1960-1995 E.C.)
Authors: Hailemichael Aregga
Published: July 2010

This paper presents some sociolinguistic observations on the impact of changing political, economic and sociocultural factors on names and naming practices in different administrative regions of Ethiopia. The approach is contrastive by which we compare judicially-changed personal names during three periods, namely 1963-65, 1973-1975, 1993-1995 (E.C.). The study uses empirical data, consisting of actual occurrences of personal proper names collected from the public notices that appeared during the three periods in two Amharic newspapers: the daily Addis Zämän and the weekly Yäzareyitu Ityopya and personal interviews with notable personalities such as religious leaders. The data show the nature of the differences between the personal proper names undergoing changes within the specified periods. Among the changes in the personal names, the majority were changes in one's own name and the second name-change was that of the father or grandfather or change in all three. Finally, when these names were analyzed, it was found that the changes were often from Moslem or chosen family names to Christian names, but sometimes also from a personal name designating a certain ethnic group to a different one. It is argued here that these changes can be largely explained by the political, economic and sociocultural changes that have occurred in Ethiopian society.
Household Gender and Resource Relations: Women in the Marketing Arena of Income Generating Crops in Uganda
Authors: Godfrey Asiimwe B.
Published: July 2010

This paper argues that although women were the major producers of income generating crops in Uganda's dominant peasant households, they were marginalised from major decisions and control of the resources. Household and meso-level marketing structures and institutions were within patriarchal power relations, and women had to reposition themselves vis â vis household resources through direct and indirect struggle. There were, however, also cases of mutual cooperation. The paper points out that there have been gradual changes, especially during the era of reforms. However, these have not yet achieved power and institutional transformation for the meaningful positioning of women with regard to household resources.
Du passage de V. S. Naipaul en Martinique
Authors: L'Étang Gerry
Published: July 2010

Dans The Middle Passage , V. S. Naipaul dresse de la Martinique du début des années soixante un tableau désespérant. Rapports interethniques délétères, héritages culturels dégradés, l'île lui apparaît pathétique dans sa recherche d'identification à la culture française. Pareille vision interpelle en raison de son caractère excessif, mais aussi au regard du parcours personnel de l'auteur, marqué par une quête d'assimilation.
Présences indiennes dans les littératures réunionnaises
Authors: Magdelaine-Andrianjafitrimo Valérie
Published: July 2010

Plus que dans la littérature coloniale où les Indiens sont des figurants, plus que dans les romans « de l'engagisme » où leurs descendants reconstruisent une identité figée, c'est dans la poésie contemporaine, francophone comme créolophone, et dans les pratiques vernaculaires que se recomposent et se créolisent les imaginaires réunionnais.
Indianités francophones : Kala Pani Narratives
Authors: Mehta Brinda J.
Published: July 2010

Kala pani literary narratives chronicle the history of indenture and the experiences of indentured Indians. Les indianités francophones nevertheless remain absent in postcolonial literature and theory, even though this experience has led to the formulation of important literary narratives and theoretical discourses on identity such as coolitude and indianité .
L'Empreinte des kala pani dans la littérature caribéenne et mauricienne: une comparaison transcoloniale
Authors: Bragard Véronique
Published: July 2010

Cet article retrace l'évolution de l'écriture des kala pani de manière transcoloniale, mettant en relation les Antilles et l'Océan Indien à travers la coolitude chère au poète mauricien Khal Torabully et l'Indianité du Guadeloupéen Ernest Moutoussamy. Il met ensuite en regard deux auteures caribéennes, Shani Mootoo et Laure Moutoussamy, et met en exergue les contrastes qui existent au sein du bassin caribéen.
Gandhi et Au-Béro, ou comment inscrire les traces d'une mémoire indienne dans une négritude martiniquaise
Authors: Curtius Anny Dominique
Published: July 2010

À partir d'une analyse de l'édification en lieux de mémoire du buste de Gandhi et du quartier Au-Béro à Fort-de-France, cet article examine la pertinence des concepts de Coolitude et de Négritude pour repenser la place qu'occupe désormais la composante indienne dans la problématique de la relation qui jalonne les discours identitaires en Martinique.
The Mediated Self and Immediate Self-Consciousness in Schleiermacher's Mature Philosophy
Authors: Hoover Jeffrey
Published: July 2010

Schleiermacher's account of subjectivity and its unique relation to his predecessors' transcendental views of subjectivity, as well as its relation to more recent criticisms of transcendental subjectivity, has been the subject of renewed interest recently within philosophical circles. Of particular interest has been Schleiermacher's attempt to ground the subject's ability to be reflectively aware of itself by appeal to an ego-less pre-reflective self-familiarity of consciousness. While the recent resurgence of interest in Schleiermacher's philosophical thought has been primarily informed by his writings on hermeneutics and dialectics, the present essay will build on this work by attending also to Schleiermacher's work in philosophical ethics, which has been less acknowledged in recent discussions of his account of subjectivity. The resulting analysis reveals more fully the origin and nature of immediate self-familiarity. In particular, it discloses its original ground in the natural uniqueness of particular thinking organisms. The rudimentary selfless self-familiarity of consciousness that is a prerequisite for self-awareness is, for Schleiermacher, fundamentally an embodied activity. This embodied nature of subjectivity not only serves to ground the activity of subjectivity in general, but also accounts for the non-transposable individuality that he thinks characterizes the reflective conscious life of subjects.
Descartes and the Augustinian Tradition of Devotional Meditation: Tracing a Minim Connection
Authors: Hettche Matt
Published: July 2010

Contemporary discussions on the literary format of Descartes's Meditations typically focus on two issues. The first is whether Descartes's text resembles and is possibly influenced by the genre of religious devotional exercises, and the second is whether the stylistic devices employed by Descartes are philosophically significant. Building upon the efforts of Gary Hatfield, Bradley Rubidge, and Martial Gueroult, I argue that Descartes is influenced by an Augustinian tradition of spiritual exercise and that this influence is philosophically important for how we understand the cogito . I examine, in particular, the relevance of Marin Mersenne's recently rediscovered treatise L'usage de la raison (1623). This work exhibits features of an Augustinian style of religious meditation, and it is a text that can be easily connected to Descartes.
Apriority, Reason, and Induction in Hume
Authors: Smit Houston
Published: July 2010

I argue that Hume employs a notion of the a priori that, though unfamiliar today, was standard in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. On this notion of the a priori , to know something a priori is to know it from the grounds that make it true—that is, from grounds that do not merely establish that it is true, but explain why it is true. I am particularly concerned to show that Hume uses this notion of the a priori in discussing the nature of inductive—or in his terms, probable—reasoning in Section IV of the Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding . For recognizing this point helps to clarify the problem about the rational justification of induction that Hume develops over the course of this discussion.
Bureaucrats, Sectarians, and the Descendants of Confucius
Authors: Agnew Christopher S.
Published: July 2010

Through an examination of an investigation of heterodoxy and corruption, this article explores the relationship between the Kongs of Qufu, the recognized descendants of Confucius, and the bureaucracy of the Qing state in the early nineteenth century. In 1811, the Kongs were scandalized by revelations that officials of their estate had been accepting contributions of silver from a popular religious association decried as “heterodox” by the Qing state. This study of the subsequent investigation reveals the bureaucratic dynamics of anti-corruption cases; provincial officials drove the interrogations to increasingly violent extremes in the search for silver. The unusual arrangement linking the Kong estate to a sectarian organization is also suggestive. While the declining fortunes of the Kongs contributed to an increased motivation to forge patronage relationships with alternative social networks, it also weakened the Kong duke’s ability to protect his mansion bureaucracy from intrabureaucratic attack.
“A Pearl in the Palm”: A Forgotten Symbol of the Father-Daughter Bond
Authors: Lu Weijing
Published: July 2010

The Chinese daughter has long been portrayed as an abject victim. However, abundant writings by Qing men reveal a genuine sentiment of love for daughters. This article demonstrates that loving a daughter was possible even in a society that valued sons over daughters. It further argues that the very political and social ins 1 titutions that historians believe bolstered gender inequality, such as the civil examinations and the marriage system, might in fact have fostered an emotional closeness between a father and daughter. Expansion in female education and emphasis on female talent in the Qing period, in the meantime, helped to forge a close father-daughter bond by undermining the intellectual barrier between men and their daughters.
Performing Publicity
Authors: Yachnin Paul
Published: July 2010

Shakespeare's theatre was the leading arena of public-making practices in early modern England. I deploy an account of Shakespearean theatre in order to challenge the emphasis in public-sphere theory on what Jürgen Habermas calls "rational-critical debate," and in order to instate the passions, playfulness, and private personhood as legitimate attributes of public speech and action. Hannah Arendt helps put Habermas in dialogue with Hamlet. I conclude with a speculative reading of 1.5, Hamlet's confrontation with the ghost, as an instance of the public-making capacity of theatrical make-believe, especially in relation to the trauma that was one outcome of the Reformation.
“We Cubans Are Obligated Like Cats to Have a Clean Face”: Malaria, Quarantine, and Race in Neocolonial Cuba, 1898-1940
Authors: McLeod Marc
Published: July 2010

In a paper presented to the Academy of Medical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Havana on December 14, 1923, Dr. Jorge LeRoy y Cassá identified the “unsanitary immigration” to Cuba of Haitians and British West Indians as his country's most pressing health problem. “Those undesirable elements,” he contended, had introduced malaria, smallpox, typhoid fever, and intestinal parasites into eastern Cuba, maladies which then spread to the rest of the island. Through their “vices,” “violent crimes,” and “nefarious practices of brujerí;a [witchcraft],” in fact, Afro-Caribbean immigrants constituted a “double threat”—moral as well as physical—to the health of the Cuban nation. Somewhat surprisingly, the man who was later hailed as the “Father of Cuban Sanitary Statistics” mustered no direct evidence to support his condemnation of West Indian immigration on medical grounds. But such proof was hardly necessary for his esteemed audience. Although the medical doctors and public health officials assembled before LeRoy y Cassa at the Academy of Sciences may have differed on the issue of prohibiting.
The Enduring Power of Patronage in Peruvian Elections: Quispicanchis, 1860
Authors: Perea Natalia Sobrevilla
Published: July 2010

Political patronage was at the very basis of society's functioning in nineteenth-century Latin America, yet we still know very little about its inner dynamics. Recent analyses of national politics have questioned the idea that Latin American elections were restrictive and fraudulent, or that there was no effective citizenship. These studies have widened the understanding of political participation, and have argued persuasively for the agency of those who had been previously reduced to the background. Leading scholars have stressed the importance of early widespread suffrage and electoral mobilization in Latin America, noting that detailed analysis of local power struggles promise to reveal the dynamics of social structures and electoral politics. This new literature has also firmly established that in Latin America the process through which this happened was not linear, as generous voting rights were often restricted over time.
Catalytic Effects at Pyrolysis of Wheat Grains Impregnated with Nickel Salts
Authors: Dobre Tanase , Parvulescu Oana C , Iavorschi Gustav , Stoica Anicuta , Stroescu Marta
Published: July 2010

Pyrolysis was performed on wheat grains untreated or impregnated with nickel nitrate solutions, into a fixed bed column, in the presence of a carbon dioxide stream. This produced a char with or without nickel, pyrolytic oil and a gaseous fraction. The distribution of these fractions was dependent on variations in heat flux, carbon dioxide superficial velocity and nickel nitrate solution concentration. The paper focused on establishing the qualitative and quantitative influence of these experimental variables on pyrolysis dynamics. In order to obtain a process characterization, a factorial experiment was used, wherein the pyrolysed material mass, collected oil mass, operating time, material bed temperature, volatiles temperature and column wall temperature were the evaluated process responses. A model reproducing pyrolysis curves was proposed considering the process dynamics as a result of competition between the appearance and extension of local pyrolysis points.
Membrane Extraction of Penicillin G from a Synthetic Fermentation Media Using Sunflower Oil
Authors: Hossain Md Monwar
Published: July 2010

The use of sunflower oil as an environmentally-friendly solvent was examined for the separation of penicillin G (Pen G) from a synthetic fermentation media to develop a cost-effective process. In order to evaluate this, equilibrium experiments were first carried out with solvent alone (sunflower oil/pegasol/tributyl phosphate) and then with the solvent containing dissolved Amberlite LA-2, an ionic carrier. The organic systems with the carrier gave better distribution of Pen G between the aqueous and organic phases. The values of the distribution coefficient were greater for tributyl phosphate (TBP) than the other solvents at the natural pH of Pen G. Sunflower oil gave a good distribution ratio and it can be recommended as an attractive option because of its low cost, minimal toxicity and moderate performance. The effectiveness of the carrier-sunflower oil (organic phase) was evaluated in a hollow-fiber membrane contactor by performing experiments with the organic phase on the shell side and the feed inside the fiber. With a small amount of carrier (approx. 5%) in the organic phase and at the natural pH of penicillin G, a good percentage extraction (approx. 40-45%) was achieved. The percentage extraction decreased (approx. 30-35%) when penicillin G was prepared in a synthetic fermentation media instead of pure aqueous media. These results are similar to those reported by many investigators; the main difference is that, in this report, an environmentally-friendly solvent was used instead of toxic solvents used in the literature, such as kerosene.
New Approach to the Nonlinear Analysis of a Chemostat with Impulsive State Feedback Control
Authors: Sun Kaibiao , Kasperski Andrzej , Tian Yuan , Chen Lansun
Published: July 2010

Bioreactor control is an important area of research concerning continuous microorganism cultivation. The possible occurrence of the substrate inhibition phenomenon or substrate deficiency engenders the necessity to the control the substrate concentration. Moreover in order to maintain the dissolved oxygen content in an appropriate range, the biomass concentration should not exceed the set out level. To maintain the substrate and biomass concentration in certain desired ranges, a proposal of a new chemostat with pulse state feedback control is presented in the work. Then, a universal mathematical model of the chemostat is formulated, and the dynamic properties of the model including the existence and stability of the periodic solution are discussed. After this, in order to optimize the biomass production, two objective functions are introduced and the optimization is performed. The work shows that the proposed chemostat extends functionality of a chemostat providing in easy way the control of biomass and substrate concentration. The analytical results presented in the work are validated by numerical simulations.