bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SmilesUp text message intervention for early childhood dental caries prevention: A protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chen Rebecca , Irving Michelle , Christian Bradley , Prabhu Neeta , Kumar Harleen , Sohn Woosung , Spallek Heiko , Marschner Simone , Chow Clara K.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Despite improvements in health outcomes for children, early childhood dental caries (ECC) remains a chronic lifestyle-mediated disease that affects an estimated 600 million children worldwide. Parental influence on oral health-promoting behaviours is pivotal in preventing ECC. The latest WHO publications Ending Early Childhood Dental Caries and Mobile Technologies for Oral Health highlights the opportunity for mobile Health programs (including text message programs) to improve oral health behaviours and oral health self-efficacy. In response, our team of parents, oral health professionals (academics and health promotion experts), and IT specialists co-designed a 12-week, behavioural theory-informed text message program (called SmilesUp) to address behavioural risk factors specific to ECC. This randomised trial aims to assess whether the SmilesUp program improves parents’ oral health promoting behaviours (like tooth brushing twice a day with toothpaste) and oral health self-efficacy for their children compared to usual care.

Methods and analysis

A randomised controlled trial with a 1:1 parallel design will be conducted among 150 parents with children diagnosed with ECC and accessing public dental care in NSW, Australia. Patients will be stratified by hospital site, and modality of care (Dental General Anaesthetic (DGA) or not) and then randomly assigned to either immediately receive the SMILESup text messaging intervention or receive the program at the end of the study period. The primary outcome at 12 weeks is twice daily brushing with fluoride toothpaste. Secondary outcomes include changes in the intake frequency of sugared drinks and foods, oral health promoting bedtime routines and oral health self-efficacy. The primary analysis will follow an intention-to-treat principle. In addition, a process evaluation will examine barriers, enablers, and opportunities to scale the program.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval has been obtained from the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee 2022/ETH01920. Study results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences.

Trial registration

Trial registration number: This clinical trial has been prospectively registered on the ANZCTR from the 27th of March 2023. Registration number: ACTRN12623000325606.
Perinatal maternal depression and the risk of childhood asthma in offspring: A meta-analysis
Authors: Jia Xiqun , Lu Liang , Lou Shiyang , Han Siyu , Deng Linli , Liu Shuhua
Published: September 2024

Background

Previous studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the link between maternal perinatal depression and asthma in children. To provide a clearer understanding of this relationship, a comprehensive meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the association mentioned above.

Methods

A comprehensive review of observational studies was conducted by searching electronic databases including Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. The data were combined using a randomized-effects model taking into account potential variations. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the possible impact of study characteristics on outcomes.

Results

Ten cohort studies, which included 833,230 mother-child pairs, were examined in the analysis. Maternal depressive symptoms during the perinatal period were associated with an increased risk of asthma in offspring (risk ratio [RR]: 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19 to 1.30, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Further sensitivity analyses restricted to multivariate studies (RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.30, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%) or studies where asthma was diagnosed in children aged three years or older (RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.30, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%) revealed consistent outcomes. Subgroup analyses according to study design, methods for the diagnosis of maternal depression, timing for the evaluation of maternal depression, methods for the validation of asthma in offspring, adjustment of maternal smoking during pregnancy and of maternal asthma, or study quality score showed similar results (p for subgroup difference all > 0.05).

Conclusions

Maternal perinatal depression appears to be significantly linked to a higher occurrence of childhood asthma in children.
Standards-based audit to improve quality of maternal and newborn care—A stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial in Malawi
Authors: White Sarah Ann , Mgawadere Florence , Gopalakrishnan Somasundari , van den Broek Nynke
Published: September 2024

Background

Audit is a quality improvement approach used in maternal and newborn health. Our objective was to introduce the practice of standards-based audit at healthcare facility level, and to examine if this would improve quality of care assessed by compliance with standards developed and agreed with healthcare providers. Our focus was on emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC).

Methods

A multidimensional incomplete stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial with 8 steps was conducted in 44 healthcare facilities in Malawi. A total of 25 standards of care were developed. At each healthcare facility one (health centres) or two (hospitals) standards were audited per cycle with two consecutive audit cycles conducted. Each cycle consisted of five steps: (i) select standard to be audited, (ii) measure compliance with standard (measurement 1), (iii) review findings and identify what changes are required to increase compliance (iv) implement changes, (v) re-measure compliance (measurement 2). Each compliance measurement assessed 25 women. Multilevel mixed effects logistic regression models were used to analyse data for all standards.

Results

The crude overall compliance rate rose from 45% in the control phase (measurement 1) to 63% in the intervention phase (measurement 2) (from 51.6% to70.6% at Basic and from 34.5% to 50.8% at Comprehensive EmONC healthcare facilities. When adjusted for standard, facility type, month, and healthcare facility by month, the adjusted OR (95% CI) was 2.80 (1.65, 4.76). Actions taken to improve compliance with standards included improving staff performance of clinical duties and general conduct through re-orientation and staff meetings as well as improved supervision, and, ensuring basic equipment and consumables were available on site (thermometers, rapid diagnostic tests, partograph).

Conclusion

The introduction of standards-based audit helped healthcare providers identify problems with service provision, which when addressed, resulted in a measurable and significant improvement in quality of care.

Trial registration

ISRCTN registration number: 59931298.
Perception of urban green space among university students in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Bijoya , Atiqul Haq Shah Md
Published: September 2024

Public parks and other green areas are crucial components of urban development. Urban management in emerging countries such as Bangladesh faces major challenges, especially because of the socio-environmental impacts of urbanization. Urban management initiatives in developing countries sometimes neglect crucial services for university students, such as study environments and recreational facilities. This study aimed to investigate students’ perceptions of urban green space (UGS) and its potential benefits to our daily lives at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST) in Sylhet, Bangladesh, We collected data from 438 respondents by using a survey questionnaire-based stated preference approach as a methodological tool, using non-monetary assertions as the basis for the method. The survey included questions about respondents’ social background, the frequency with which they visited green spaces, the benefits of urban green spaces and their perception of urban green spaces. We performed statistical analysis both descriptive and inferential statistics. Our findings suggest that 71.7% of students primarily use street trees and peace gardens as their main sites for urban green spaces. The study suggests that the advantages of urban green spaces, which include physical, mental, and environmental benefits, are strongly associated with criteria such as gender, academic level, and vulnerable to home locality for climate change (CC) or extreme weather events (EWEs). The Binary Logistic regression analysis identified urban life as the most influential factor. The correct classification rate was approximately 74.7%, indicating the model’s strong accuracy in classification. Students who have lived in urban areas for more than 20 years have a reduced awareness of urban green spaces at 5% level of significance. Planning and policymaking for the creation and administration of urban green spaces, considering aspects like land use and environmental sustainability, could benefit from this study.
Diversity and community distribution of soil bacterial in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia, China
Authors: Wu Xia , Cai Jinjun , Wang Zhangjun , Li Weiqian , Chen Gang , Bai Yangyang
Published: September 2024

The bacterial community performs an essential ecological role in maintaining agriculture systems. The roles of bacteria in the forest, marine, and agricultural systems have been studied extensively and intensively. However, similar studies in the areas irrigated by the Yellow River remain limited. In this study, we used Illumina sequencing analysis with the 16S rRNA method to analyze the bacterial diversity, community structure, and influencing factors in soil samples from eight regions of the Yellow River irrigation area in northwestern China. The bacterial community structure and diversity varied among samples from the eight regions. The samples differed significantly in terms of the bacterial community composition. Proteobacteria (approximately 12.4%-55.7%) accounted for the largest proportion and was the dominant bacteria, followed by Actinobacteria (approximately 9.2%-39.7%), Bacteroidetes (approximately 1.8%-21.5%), and Chloroflexi (approximately 2.7%-12.6%). Among the physicochemical variables, the soil pH in the eight regions was mildly alkaline, and the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium contents in the soils differed significantly. However, the trend in the variations of the above variables was essentially similar. Soil bacteria in Yongning county had greater Chao1, Shannon-Wiener, and Simpson indices than those in the other regions. Notably, soil moisture, organic matter, and total nitrogen were recognized as the primary factors influencing the bacterial community in the Yellow River irrigation area. Our results revealed the laws of variation in soil bacterial diversity and community composition in the Yellow River irrigation area. Our findings could be beneficial for maintaining sustainable ecological practices in the Yellow River irrigation area.
Legislação e censura na Sé7ima Arte em Portugal (1917-1974)
Authors: Lopes Cristina Batista
Published: September 2024

Este artigo aborda os aspetos legais e regulamentares da censura ao cinema. Serão analisadas as leis que serviram de base ao trabalho dos censores, procurando responder às seguintes questões: Que leis foram criadas? Quando foram publicadas? Até quando vigoraram? Quem as aplicava?  Como evoluíram? Quais as alterações? De que forma as mudanças responderam a circunstâncias sociais e políticas específicas?
Um estudo mais completo implicaria examinar a aplicação da lei, o modo de atuação e o funcionamento das Comissões de Censura, mas neste artigo não será possível realizar esse exame.  Contudo, pretende-se expor a legislação e os critérios adotados desde a criação da censura ao cinema até ao final do Estado Novo, procurando perceber os traços de continuidade da prática censória ao longo da História. Herdeiro deste legado antigo, o Estado Novo apoderou-se da censura, nunca abdicou da sua aplicação e trabalhou sistematicamente no seu aperfeiçoamento, com um alcance e efetividade sem precedentes.
Social organization and division of labor of Mischocyttarus drewseni de Saussure, 1857 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
Authors: Melo Adolfo da Silva , Foloni Isabela Borges , Togni Olga Coutinho , Rocha Agda Alves da , Tofolo Viviane Cristina , Locher Gabriela de Almeida , Tavares Tatiane Marinho Vieira , Giannotti Edilberto
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the behavioral repertoire of the social wasp Mischocyttarus drewseni based on the activities carried out by the founders in the pre-emergence phase and by the queens, workers, and males in the post-emergence phase and decline. Twenty-five colonies were observed, allowing for the identification of the behavioral repertoire. Twenty-eight behaviors were recorded, covering six categories. There is a division of labor between foundresses during the pre-emergence phase and between workers and queens during the post-emergence phase, with males involved in only a few activities. Founders and queens presented a convergent behavioral repertoire. Workers showed the greatest diversity of behaviors, especially about foraging. Exclusively, queens performed the observed acts of oviposition, and M. drewseni queens were more intensely engaged in pulp foraging than workers and founders. Inside the nest, the queens spent more time in the cells or near the comb than the workers. Dominance behavior was more pronounced in foundresses and queens than in workers. These results confirm the behavioral differences between these castes.
Interaction of dihydrofuran-2-one and its derivatives with either MAO-B or COMT enzymes using a theoretical model
Authors: Figueroa-Valverde Lauro , Rosas-Nexticapa Marcela , Alvarez-Ramirez Magdalena , Aguilar-Sanchez Emilio , Mateu-Armad Maria Virginia
Published: September 2024

There are several drugs for treating Parkinson's such as L-Dopa, carbidopa, benserazide, entacapone, bromocriptine, safinamide, rasagiline, and others. However, some of these drugs can produce some secondary effects such as hypotension, insomnia, dizziness, nausea, and constipation. In the search for a new therapeutic alternative for treating Parkinson´s, this study aimed to evaluate the theoretical interaction of Dehydrofuran-2-one (1) and their derivatives (2-31) with both MAO-B and COMT enzymes. To evaluate the interaction of Dehydrofuran-2-one (1) and their derivatives (2-31) with both MAO-B and COMT enzymes, the 1gos and 1vid proteins as theoretical tools. Besides, some drugs, such as selegiline, rasagiline, safinamide, entacapone, and tolcapone, were used as controls in the DockingServer program. The results showed differences in the interaction of compounds 1-31 with either 1gos or 1vid proteins surface compared to the controls. Other data showed that inhibition constants (Ki) for 2, 3, 12, and 26 were lower compared to selegeline, rosagiline, and sofinamide, respectively. In addition, the Ki for 1-3, 7, 9, 10, 13, 21, and 25 were lower than entacapone and tolcapone. These data suggest that 1-3, 12, and 26 could act as MAO-B inhibitors and compounds 1-3, 7, 9, 10, 13, 21, and 26 as COMT antagonists. In conclusion, these compounds may be a good therapeutic alternative for treating Parkinson´s disease.
Incidence of foreign bodies in quaternary hospital patients
Authors: Dadá Mahomed Sidique Abdul Cadar , Dadá Abdul Habib Mahomed , Dadá Zulaikhah Mahomed Sidique
Published: September 2024

Foreign bodies in the ENT area are very common, in our experience, in low-income countries, for several reasons, including a lack of appropriate and suitable toys for children. The study aims to determine the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients assisted in the ENT Service with an initial diagnosis of FB, during the period 2007-2011. A descriptive, retrospective study, which goes through a collection and analysis of the data available in several registry books of patients with foreign bodies consecutively in 5 years. Results: In this study, it was observed a total of 2615 patients with foreign bodies. Most cases occur from August to November. At the end of the week, fewer cases were observed. Most of the patients were male. The most frequent complaint of patients with foreign bodies in this study was dysphagia. Metals were the most found foreign bodies and most of them were found in the esophagus. This study presents a compilation encompassing a relatively long period, constituting an important source of information on the subject. On the other hand, if we take into account the evidence of this study and the existing evidence in the literature, we can draw some conclusions that can be useful in defining prevention and control strategies of incidents by foreign bodies in natural orifices of the head and neck.
Occupational therapy for individuals with chronic kidney disease undergoing renal rehabilitation: A literature review
Authors: Gerosideris Nikolaos , Daskalou Symeon-Dimitrios , Ouzouni Christina , Vlotinou Pinelopi , Katsouri Ioanna-Giannoula
Published: September 2024

Chronic kidney disease is a life-changing condition affecting 10% of the global population, leading to significant health challenges in a person’s daily life. It is considered a worldwide health crisis due to its increasing prevalence in the general population and the development of complicated clinical symptoms if left untreated. Hemodialysis is a treatment procedure that helps substitute renal function, which is vital for the individual's health. Most health-related scientific literature focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease, advancing hemodialysis treatment, and minimizing adverse side effects. Meanwhile, another scientific direction aims to evaluate the functioning and quality of life of these individuals, who can, in some cases, become extremely debilitated. People with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis often experience a significant disruption in their ability and efficiency to perform meaningful tasks and established routines independently. Occupational therapy can help empower individuals with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, enabling life participation while minimizing the burden and health-related consequences of the disease.
Positive rate of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (SNAP cPL) in relationship with severity of clinical signs and concurrent disorders: a retrospective study
Authors: Park Jongjin , Choi Solji , Yun YoungMin , Kim Myung-Chul , Song Woo-Jin
Published: September 2024

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disorder characterized by the inflammation of the exocrine pancreas in dogs, and the severity of the clinical signs of pancreatitis varies greatly. Therefore, the diagnosis of pancreatitis is challenging. The canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity test (SNAP cPL; IDEXX Laboratories Inc., USA) is rapid and relatively accurate in diagnosing pancreatitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the positivity rate of the SNAP cPL test in dogs regarding the severity of gastrointestinal (GI) signs and concurrent diseases. Electronic medical records of dogs were reviewed. For retrospective classification, 80 dogs with GI signs who underwent the SNAP cPL test were enrolled. Additionally, concurrent diseases on the day of the SNAP cPL test were reviewed. A positive SNAP cPL test result was observed in 26 of the 80 dogs (32.5%) with GI signs. The severity of GI signs using a scoring system and the positivity rate of SNAP cPL were statistically related. Furthermore, dogs with concurrent chronic kidney disease had a significantly higher positivity rate of SNAP cPL than those without chronic kidney disease. This information might help clinicians to decide whether a SNAP cPL test is needed.
Are there laterality differences in passive flexion and extension of the proximal limb joints in working Siberian Husky dogs?
Authors: Soper Susan , Charlton Sally , Hunnisett Adrian
Published: September 2024

Differences between left and right-side joint range of motion may affect canine locomotive ability and movement. Passive range of motion (PROM) joint measurement provides the limits that a particular joint can move in its physiological planes of motion without influence of muscle activity. To compare left and right-side flexion and extension of the glenohumeral, humeroulnar/humeroradial, coxofemoral and femorotibial joints and for laterality PROM differences. Siberian Husky dogs were selected (n = 18) of mixed gender, aged (1.4–11.8) years living and working together from a single kennel. Joint PROM was measured using goniometry, a validated, non-invasive method, by the same investigator previously tested for acceptable measurement repeatability. Dogs were conscious and placed in standing position. Triplicate measures of joint flexion and extension were taken on both sides of each dog for afore-mentioned joints. Median values of triplicate measures were computed. Paired t-tests compared laterality of joint PROM, gender, age (< 6 vs. > 6 years) effects. Inferential symmetry indices [SI] were calculated. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between left and right-side flexion and extension measures for all joints. Gender had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on joint flexion or extension measures for all joints. Age (< 6 vs. > 6 years) had a significant effect on right hip flexion (p < 0.001) and for both left and right-side shoulder flexion (p < 0.001); elbow flexion (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001); hip extension (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001) respectively. The shoulder joint showed greatest PROM asymmetry (SI = 3.63%). Bilateral PROM measures are important to consider in joint movement and assessment. These results warrant further investigation with larger cohorts of defined age groups.
Grain-free diet-induced dilated cardiomyopathy with atrial fibrillation in a Labrador Retriever: a case report
Authors: Baek Minju , Choi Minseok , Chae Yeon , Yun Taesik , Kang Byeong-Teck , Kim Hakhyun
Published: September 2024

We describe the first reported case of grain-free diet-induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in a dog in Korea. An 11-year-old female dog was referred with abdominal distention, anorexia, and vomiting, having been fed a grain-free diet for > 5 years. Thoracic radiography revealed cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema. Atrial fibrillation was detected using electrocardiography. The dog was tentatively diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary to grain-free diet-induced DCM, and its diet changed to contain grain. Digoxin and diltiazem were prescribed for the atrial fibrillation, and pimobendan, enalapril, and furosemide for CHF. Significant improvements in echocardiographic indices were confirmed after 3 months.
Harnessing blue light for cost-effective and eco-friendly antimicrobial solutions in poultry farming
Authors: Al-Tameemi Hassan M. , Najem Harith Abdulla , Nasear Hiba A. , Abbas Basil A.
Published: September 2024

Blue light in the visible spectrum naturally fights bacteria and effectively deactivates various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi using photodynamic processes. It works against drug-resistant strains within these species and is gentler on mammalian cells than ultraviolet rays or chemicals. This study evaluated blue light as an affordable way to sanitize surfaces in poultry settings, such as eggs and litter. The study used an light-emitting diode array to remove harmful Esche¬richia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from these items and observed how blue light affected their survival rates. Blue light (455 nm) at 30 mW/cm2 for one hour decreased the survival of S. aureus and E. coli on solid agar plates to 29.88% and 21.04%, respectively, compared to non-irradiated cultures. Similarly, on untreated surfaces (such as plastic used for feeding and drinking), the survival rates dropped to 25.8% and 15.6%, respectively. The survival percentages on treated eggs were 50% (S. aureus) and 48.2% (E. coli) and 59% (S. aureus) and 36.46% (E. coli) on treated litter. Hence, blue light technology offers a promising alternative to traditional antimicrobial methods by leveraging specific wavelengths to target microbial cells. This approach can significantly reduce the microbial load in poultry environments, enhancing food safety and animal health. This paper reports the first use of blue light as an antibacterial within poultry research in Iraq, offering a fresh approach to disinfection in this field.
Comparison of academic achievement, graduation competency and academic sustainability of veterinary students based on college admission processes
Authors: Nahm Sang-Soep , Kim Yujin , Yang Sungkwan
Published: September 2024

A university’s admission policy is established to select applicants who can successfully complete the curriculum. Thus, it is important to develop optimal admissions processes for applicant selection. This study was conducted to infer the most suitable admission processes for veterinary school applicants by examining academic achievement, graduation competency and academic sustainability. It was conducted on students admitted from 2009 to 2018 at one of the veterinary colleges in Korea. The admission methods were divided into, first the regular admission (RA) process, primarily reflecting the results of the College Scholastic Ability Test, and second, the rolling admission processes. The rolling processes were further divided into admission officer-based (AO), high school grade point average-based (GA), essay test-based (ET), admission for the underprivileged (UP) and admission for overseas Koreans and foreigners (OKF). The final grade point average was observed to be higher in the order of the GA, AO and RA groups. The survey on the veterinary graduation competency did not reveal any difference between the regular and rolling admission processes. However, among the latter, AO-based admission showed a higher ratio of outstanding competency levels. In terms of academic sustainability, OKF admission demonstrated a higher rate of failure while RA showed a higher rate of expulsion and dropout. Summarizing the above results, the most successful veterinary applicants were selected through AO-based admission. These results are meaningful in providing the basic information required to establish admission policies for veterinary colleges in Korea.
The Impact of the ChatGPT Platform on Consumer Experience in Digital Marketing and User Satisfaction
Authors: PAVLOVIĆ Nikola , SAVIĆ Marko
Published: September 2024

ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) chat platform, facilitates conversation between humans and bots. By integrating machine learning and natural language processing, it revolutionizes the way people interact with AI. Many people are excited about using ChatGPT because it has numerous potential applications and advantages compared to other similar programs. Therefore, this paper demonstrates that, in line with specific ethical considerations, ChatGPT has enormous potential to revolutionize and shape the future of marketing. We begin by questioning whether ChatGPT has a significant impact on consumer experience in digital marketing and overall user satisfaction. The methods used in the study include descriptive and inferential statistical methods, as well as the OLS method. The results show that the use of ChatGPT is continuously rising and increasingly being implemented in various industry segments, particularly in the field of digital marketing. Automation of customer care, increased productivity, automated research, and better understanding of consumers are ways it can assist marketing professionals.
An Analysis to the Link between Foreign Trade and Sectorial Economic Growth in Iraq
Authors: ABDULSAHIB Ahmed Saddam
Published: September 2024

This research aims to analyse the link between oil export, commodity imports and other major sectors such as agricultural, manufacturing and service sectors over the period spanning from 2004 to 2020. So, it aims to extrapolating and analyse the role of Iraqi economic policy toward the diversification. Therefore, it tries to assess the governmental economic performance in utilizing oil revenues for reinforcement the manufacturing and agriculture sectors. For this purpose, the Granger causal relationship is used to find out the magnitude of the variables examined. The expected results will depict an assessment of the public economic policy. Thus, this paper tries to extrapolate to what extent the oil revenues can be circulated to activate the local economic sectors and enhance level of economic diversification in Iraq as an announced policy during the period studied.
A review: Enhancing tribological properties of journal bearings composite materials
Authors: Ghani Suadad Noori , Alithari Ali Sadiq , Hasan Hala Salman
Published: September 2024

Tribology is the science of studying friction, wear, and lubrication. Composite materials consist of two or more constituents (phases): the discontinuous phase represents the reinforcement and the continuous phase represents the matrix. Journal bearing is manufactured from various composite materials. This article reviews the literature on improving the tribological properties of journal bearings made of composite materials (polymer matrix composite materials and metal matrix composite materials) by dividing the previous studies into six primary sections depending on the kinds of composite materials. An efficient method was utilized to solve the problems of composite journal bearings in water lubrication such as wear resistance, reduced friction, and increased service life of journal bearings in various applications especially in ships. The impact of composite materials, which were added through thermoplastic such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyether-ether-ketone, POM, and PA66, thermoset such as epoxy, polyester, and phenolic reinforced with fibers, and thermoplastic with thermoset (PTFE/epoxy composite) to reduce wear rate and coefficient of friction, and also the addition of nanomaterials to composite journal bearing to enhance the tribological properties in various applications were examined. The last section used metal matrix composite reinforced to other metal or alloy to give the attractive mechanical properties used to improve wear resistance and friction coefficient of journal bearing. The novelty of this article lies in the comprehensive analysis of various composite materials and their effect on the tribological properties of journal bearings, providing future insights into bearing design and optimization to improve performance.
Endocrine sequelae after pediatric craniopharyngioma treatment: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Papy Marie , Jacobs Sandra , Rochtus Anne
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Craniopharyngiomas (CP) are rare brain tumors with a low mortality rate, but with significant morbidity, in part due to the various long-term endocrine sequelae related to hypothalamic/pituitary deficiencies. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of endocrine dysfunction and outcome after treatment of CP at our institution and to apply the novel diagnostic criteria for hypothalamic syndrome (HS). In addition, we give an overview of treatments already attempted for hypothalamic obesity (HO).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included children treated and followed up for CP at the pediatric oncology and endocrinology department at University Hospitals Leuven between January 2000 and December 2023. Clinical and endocrine characteristics were collected during a five-year period following diagnosis of CP. The Müller radiological criteria and the novel diagnostic criteria for HS were applied. A brief literature review regarding treatments already attempted for HO was conducted.

Results

Fifteen patients with pediatric CP were included in the study, all of whom developed endocrine sequelae over time. Seven patients (47 %) presented with at least one hormonal deficit, and eight patients (53 %) developed panhypopituitarism over time. HO was clinically confirmed in nine patients (60 %). 10 patients (67 %) met the diagnostic criteria for HS. Currently, no overall effective treatment strategies are available for HO.

Conclusions

Long-term endocrine sequelae and HO are highly prevalent in pediatric CP. Continuing multidisciplinary care to improve the quality of life of these patients is necessary. International cooperation and further long-term prospective trials for the treatment of HO are needed.
The crystal structure of the co-crystal isonicotinamide · terephthalic acid, C8H6O4·2(C6H6N2O)
Authors: Bourletidis How Jeraldine Maire , Scheepers Matthew C. , Lemmerer Andreas , Smith Mark G.
Published: September 2024

C8H6O4·2(C6H6N2O), monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 20.8371(8) Å, b = 5.2243(2) Å, c = 19.1062(7) Å, β = 118.8350(10)°, V = 1822.01(12) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0392, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1143, T = 173 K.
Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Daemo Berhanu Bilate , Bore Wolancho Getahun , Ashango Arke Zeleke , Daniel Anito Hanna , Dalga Wakalto Dawit , Getaneh Lakew
Published: September 2024

In a specific area, fertilizer application for a crop depends on the soil type and profitability. Optimizing chemical fertilizer utilization in crop production is crucial from an environmental and economic point of view. However, there is limited information available on the optimum NPSB fertilizer rate for the production of wheat and barley in the study area. Thus, the study aimed to establish area-specific NPSB (18.9% N, 16.44% P, 6.95% S, and 0.1% B) blended fertilizer rate recommendations for the optimal grain yield and profitability of wheat and barley. The field experiment was conducted in two locations in the 2021 and 2022 cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The nine treatments included 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 kg ha−1 NPSB fertilizer rates. Growth, yield, and yield component data in wheat and barley were collected from randomly selected individual plants and the net plot area. An economic analysis was conducted for grain yield using the procedure established by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. The analysis of variance results showed that blended fertilizer significantly (p < 0.01) affected plant height, number of productive tillers, spike length, number of kernels, thousand seed weight, biomass yield, grain yield, and harvest index traits. The application of a 150 kg ha−1 NPSB rate produced the highest grain yield (5419.0 kg ha−1) in wheat, whereas the application of a 125 kg ha−1 NPSB rate gave the maximum grain yield (4708.0 kg ha−1) in food barley. The economic analysis revealed that the application of a 150 kg ha−1 NPSB fertilizer rate for wheat gave the highest net benefits (309711.50 ETB ha−1) and marginal rate of return (MRR) (4096.96%), while the application of a 125 kg ha−1 NPSB fertilizer rate for barley obtained the highest net benefits (184424.00 ETB ha−1) and MRR (2195.39%). Therefore, to optimize the productivity and profitability of wheat and barley in the study area and similar agroecologies, farmers are recommended to use 150 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for wheat and 125 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for barley.
Algorithmic assessment of drag on thermally cut sheet metal edges
Authors: Stahl Janek , Zengl Simon , Frommknecht Andreas , Jauch Christian , Huber Marco F.
Published: September 2024

Drag is a key criterion in assessing the quality of thermally cut sheet metal edges, which is critical to the reliability of the final product. The evaluation of drag has been described qualitatively and quantitatively, but the scientific literature lacks a methodical description of algorithmic tracking of the drag lines themselves. This absence of a standardized approach has hindered the objective determination of drag. With recent advances in the field towards automated quality assessment aimed at autonomous adaptation of process parameters, the need for consistent, fast and reliable assessment of drag lines has become apparent. To address this gap, this study introduces an innovative drag line tracking algorithm, inspired by the behavior of fluid flowing towards the lowest points, to compute a generalized drag line for an edge with a homogeneous cutting pattern. The algorithm utilizes the height data of the measured cut edges as a data base for the assessment of the drag lines. The results indicate that the drag lines identified by the algorithm are not only subjectively accurate, but also show a strong correlation with human-annotated drag lines across several metrics. This work lays the foundation for the objective evaluation of drag by not only describing an algorithm for the consistent determination of drag lines, but also by presenting a tool for human annotation and suitable customized metrics. As a result, it contributes significantly to the comprehensive evaluation of edge quality and represents a step forward in the automatic optimization of process parameters and the improvement of cutting edge quality.
Mass-hunting in South-west Asia at the dawn of sedentism: new evidence from Şanlıurfa, south-east Türkiye
Authors: Şahin Fatma , Massa Michele
Published: September 2024

Collation of satellite imagery and new fieldwork in Şanlıurfa (south-east Türkiye) has revealed large numbers of stone-walled desert kites, some of which may date to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (c. 9500–7000 BC). The authors briefly explore the potential role of these structures in the processes of early sedentism and monumentality.
Chronic Boxer’s Encephalophaty — what Can Blunt Head Trauma Lead to?
Authors: Wenderlich Klaudia , Kacprzak Igor , Sobczak Kinga , Frydrysiak-Brzozowska Adrianna , Głowacka Mariola
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Martial arts competitors are particularly vulnerable to blows to the head, which may result in brain injuries and brain damage, and consequently memory and speech disorders. Chronic boxer’s encephalopathy, also known as boxing dementia. This is a type of brain injury that is caused by long-term exposure to head trauma, especially as a result of repeated concussions or injuries associated with boxing or other sports where there is a risk of head injuries. Chronic boxer’s encephalopathy symptoms can vary, but often include memory problems, abnormal thinking, behavioral changes, balance problems, sleep disturbances, and other neurological symptoms. It is recommended to wear appropriate head protectors when practicing contact sports, avoid excessive trauma, and undergo periodic examinations, which can detect changes in the brains of people who are exposed to the risk of head injuries.
Aim. The aim of the study was to check the knowledge about chronic boxer’s encephalopathy among people practicing martial arts.
Material and Methods. The study used a self-designed questionnaire, which consisted of a personal data sheet, 23 single-choice questions, and 7 multiple-choice questions. The study group consisted of 181 people practicing various martial arts.
Results. Slightly more than half of the respondents indicated that they knew what a chronic boxer’s encephalopathy was. People with longer experience more often declared knowledge of the concept of chronic boxer’s encephalopathy than people with shorter experience.
Conclusions. Many people practicing martial arts do not know what the risk of chronic boxer’s encephalopathy is. (JNNN 2024;13(2):62–68)
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF ENZYME APPLICATION ON THE STRUCTURE OF WAFERS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors: Poyraz Ekinci Fatmanur , Elkuş Nagihan , Şener Dilek
Published: September 2024

The study aimed to assess the impact of 13 different enzymes, including protease, amylase, hemicellulase, and xylanase, on wafer dough and sheets, aiming to identify the most effective enzyme combination. Commercial protease, amylase, hemicellulase, and xylanase enzymes were applied to wafer dough following manufacturer instructions, and their flow behaviors were analyzed. Subsequently, the doughs were baked into wafer sheets, and various parameters such as water activity (aw), moisture content (%), weight loss (%), color parameters (L*, a*, b*), hardness (g), and sensory attributes were evaluated. Protease 4, Hemicellulase 2, and Xylanase 2 enzymes were selected for combination testing based on the analysis of flow behavior and characterization parameters of the wafer doughs. Among the tested combinations, the wafer dough containing 80 ppm Xylanase 2 + 300 ppm Protease 4 enzyme group exhibited promising potential for industrial applications due to its favorable flow behavior, while the resulting wafer sheets demonstrated desirable crispness and a brown-caramel color, suggesting suitability for commercial use.
Un sufijo de importación: el papel de -ing en el español actual
Authors: Bernal Elisenda
Published: September 2024

En este trabajo se analizan los neologismos lexicográficos formados con el sufijo -ing, tomado del inglés, recogidos por el Observatori de Neologia de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra, para mostrar cómo estas voces no se pueden considerar pseudoanglicismos, sino que se trata de palabras construidas en español: el sufijo -ing en español se insiere en una regla de formación de palabras muy distinta de la que tiene en inglés, en el que es un sufijo de acción y efecto deverbal. En cambio, en español -ing se adjunta mayoritariamente a bases nominales y su significado tiene una connotación pragmática lúdica que no tiene en inglés. Asimismo, se plantea su inclusión en un diccionario general de lengua y se propone su representación lexicográfica.
La educación física, el deporte y la actividad física a lo largo del curso de vida: implicaciones para la salud y el bienestar
Authors: García García Jose Alexander , Benavides Rodriguez Cindy Lorena
Published: September 2024

Dear Readers:
The research journal Cuerpo, Cultura y Movimiento, in its purpose of disseminating scientific knowledge resulting from research and reflection exercises at national and international level, on this occasion is aimed at those interested in deepening the theory and practice on issues related to physical education aimed at improving the quality of life of children and adolescents, physical activity and health, and sport and its planning processes.
In this editorial it is important to understand that life is a continuum of interactions that occur over time and at specific moments; however, human development and health outcomes depend on the experiences and situations that each individual faces in the family, social, economic, environmental and cultural context. In this sense, sport, physical activity, physical exercise, physical education and health become fundamental factors to improve the quality of life in differential populations; this combination of elements throughout all stages of life creates a solid foundation for the integral development of the human being. Hence, health promotion is crucial for individual and collective wellbeing, necessary for the construction of healthier communities.
Prevalencia y factores asociados con los comportamientos sedentarios y la actividad física en escolares de básica primaria
Authors: Riveros Medina Manuel Alberto , Espitia Urrego Angie Paola , Rincón Amaya Thalía Alexandra
Published: September 2024

The school and its curricular proposals promote prolonged sedentary behavior, fostering a sedentary behavioral culture that is reinforced extracurricularly, possibly affecting the health of schoolchildren. However, the Physical Education class, and particularly the promotion of school physical activity within it, is one of the most important strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of sedentary behaviors in children. Therefore, the main objective was to establish the prevalence and factors associated with sedentary behaviors in elementary school students. The results reveal that in the school transportation domain, there is an average prevalence of 114 minutes per week of sedentary behavior. In the school environment, walking is common, but sitting time has a weekly average of 1680 ± 102 minutes. Meanwhile, in the home domain, women show higher participation in physical activity. This study highlights the need for school interventions to promote active and healthy habits in childhood.
Biopsychosocial factors affected by muscle dysmorphia: to what extent do clinical assessment questionnaires cover them?
Authors: Alves de Moraes Alexa , Araújo de Oliveira Daniella , Feitosa de Souza Hugo Gabriel , Zavagli Suarez Pedro , Carneiro-Júnior Miguel Araujo
Published: September 2024

Background: muscle dysmorphia (MD) affects several health-related aspects. Assessing how MD questionnaires cover biopsychosocial domains helps clinicians to better describe health status and set treatment goals. Aim: to identify clinical questionnaires for MD and link their content with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: a literature review identified MD questionnaires. The instruments’ items were linked to the ICF. Results: four questionnaires were identified: ACQ, MASS, MDDI and MDI. Forty-four significant concepts were identified from the seventy-two questionnaire items and linked to twenty-six ICF categories, with predominance of body functions (42,4%, n = 11 categories), activities and participation (34,6%, n = 9), environmental factors (19,2%, n = 5), and body structures (3,8%, n = 1). Conclusion: All instruments focused on body functions, and they poorly covered body structures and environmental factors. MASS and ACQ presented the most diverse coverage of categories, enabling broader assessment of health aspects.
Influencia entre la edad, nivel académico y la elección de modelos de periodización por los entrenadores de natación en Colombia
Authors: Izquierdo Rodríguez Esteban , Galeano Virgen Julián David , Gaviria Chavarro Javier , Orejuela Aristizábal Diego Fernando
Published: September 2024

The objective of this research is to identify a possible influence between age and academic level in the choice of periodization models used by swimming coaches in Colombia. For this, a questionnaire was applied to 11 swimming coaches in Colombia through the Google Forms platform and the information was processed and analyzed based on descriptive statistics. The most relevant results of this study indicate that the models most used by coaches are the classic, integrated macrocycles and hybrids, in addition, it is shown that in their classification the most used models are contemporary, followed by the classic and emerging ones. The academic level of the coaches indicates that all of them have undergraduate training and a slight percentage of graduates. A clear inclination to choose contemporary models is evident; in addition, the importance of the educational level in the choice of periodization models is highlighted.
Pediatric Long COVID
Authors: Schwarz Stefan , Hümmert Veith
Published: September 2024

The emergence of long COVID, a condition characterized by persistent symptoms lasting beyond the acute phase of COVID-19 infection, has raised concerns about its impact on pediatric populations. While initially thought to affect primarily adults, increasing reports suggest that children can also experience prolonged symptoms post-COVID-19. Understanding the unique aspects of pediatric long COVID, including its symptoms, diagnosis, and management, is crucial for healthcare providers and families navigating the long-term effects of the pandemic on children’s health. This article provides an overview of pediatric long COVID, exploring its symptoms, diagnosis, impact, treatment options, prognosis, current research efforts, and recommendations for healthcare providers and families.