bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of temperature and pressure gradient on power deposition and field pattern in High Magnetic field Helicon eXperiment
Authors: Zhou Y. , Huang T. Y. , Wu X. M.
Published: February 2024

Based on High Magnetic field Helicon eXperiment, considering the parabolic distribution and Gaussian distribution of radial plasma density, HELIC code was used to study the influence of temperature and pressure gradient on power deposition, electric field, and current density of Helicon Wave Plasma. Three different gradients (positive, negative, and zero gradient) were selected. The results show that positive temperature gradient is beneficial to increase the relative absorption power at the center of plasma. Compared with negative and zero pressure gradients, positive pressure gradient increases the relative absorption power and weakens the current density at the center of plasma, and increases the electric field intensity at the edge of plasma. Larger edge heating will cause the relative absorption power at edge to rise rapidly, which is not conducive to the coupling at the center of plasma. In practical experiments, it is particularly important to reduce the heating effect at edge by cooling the antenna itself. Three different gradients of temperature and pressure have little effect on electric field intensity and current density in plasma, and the variation trend is basically similar, which proves the stability of the antenna mode: m = 1.
Comparison of cardiovascular outcomes of new antihyperglycemic agents in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Zijing , Zheng Min , Zuo Zhihong , Wu Ting
Published: February 2024

Aims

The study aims to provide comprehensive evidence for the selection of agents in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with cardiovascular risk and summarize the lasted evidence for the cardiovascular effects of sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) in patients with heart failure (HF).

Methods and results

Several online databases were searched. All studies that explored the cardiovascular effects of SGLT2i or glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP1‐RA) were screened and reviewed. A total of 38 studies were included. Compared with GLP1‐RA, the use of SGLT2i significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular death [risk ratio (RR) = 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44–0.58], hospitalization of heart failure (HHF) (RR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.74–0.80), death from any cause (RR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.60–0.68), and myocardial infarction (MI) (RR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76–0.87). However, SGLT2i significantly increased the risk of stroke (RR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04–1.17). Compared with the control group, SGLT2i treatment reduced the risk of cardiovascular death by 14% (RR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79–0.94), HHF by 25%, and death from any cause by 9% in patients with HF, regardless of diabetes status.

Conclusions

SGLT2i is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular death, HHF, death from any cause, and MI in patients with T2DM compared with GLP1‐RA. In addition, SGLT2i brought more benefits with respect to the effects of cardiovascular death, HHF, and death from any cause in patients with HF, regardless of diabetes status.
Back analysis of shear strength parameters of slope based on BP neural network and genetic algorithm
Authors: Deng Xiaopeng , Xiang Xinghua
Published: February 2024

Efficient and accurate acquisition of slope shear strength parameters is the key to slope stability analysis and landslide prevention engineering design. This paper establishes a back analysis method based on uniform design, artificial neural network, and genetic algorithm. It can obtain the shear strength parameters of slopes based on information such as the radius and center coordinates of the slip surface obtained from on‐site investigations. This method has been applied to engineering practice. The research results indicate that the stability of the waste dump slope is most sensitive to the response of the internal friction angle of the loose body, followed by cohesion, and least sensitive to the response of the soil volume weight. This method can effectively reduce the number of network training samples and efficiently and quickly determine the initial weights of the BP (abbreviation for back‐propagation) neural network. This method can efficiently and quickly conduct back analysis to obtain the shear strength parameters of slopes. Using the obtained shear strength parameters for slope stability calculation, the most dangerous slip surface abscissa error, ordinate error, and slip surface radius error are only 3.59%, 0.95%, and 1.83%. It is recommended to promote the back analysis method of shear strength parameters in engineering practice in the future.
Intraoperative ECoG in bottom‐of‐the‐sulcus syndrome using a novel flexible strip electrode
Authors: Biagioli Niccolò , Morandi Sofia , Vaudano Anna Elisabetta , Pugnaghi Matteo , Moriconi Elisa , Pavesi Giacomo , Tramontano Vincenzo , Meletti Stefano
Published: February 2024

The recording of epileptiform discharges from bottom‐of‐sulcus focal cortical dysplasia (BOSD) is often difficult during intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) due to the deep localization. We describe the use in this scenario of a new‐generation electrode strip with high flexibility, easily adapted to cortical gyri and sulci. A right‐handed 20‐year‐old male with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy due to BOSD of the inferior frontal gyrus and daily focal aware seizures was evaluated for epilepsy surgery. Based on electroclinical and neuroimaging results, a focal cortectomy guided by ECoG was proposed. ECoG recordings were performed with new‐generation cortical strips (Wise Cortical Strip; WCS®) and standard cortical strips. ECoG, performed on the convexity of the frontal cortical surface, recorded only sporadic spikes with both types of strips. Then, after microsurgical trans‐sulcal dissection, WCS was molded along the sulcal surface of the suspected BOSD based on 3D‐imaging reconstruction, showing continuous/subcontinuous 3–4‐Hz rhythmic spike activity from the deepest electrode. Registration after resection of the BOSD did not show any epileptiform activity. Pathology showed dysmorphic neurons and gliosis. No surgical complications occurred. The patient is seizure‐free after 12 months. This single case experience shows that highly flexible electrode strips with adaptability to cortical gyrations can identify IEDs originating from deep location and could therefore be useful in cases of bottom of the sulcus dysplasia.
Biotic Ligand Modeling for the Effect of Major Cations on the Uptake of Cadmium in Folsomia candida Exposed in a Sand-Solution Medium
Authors: Ardestani Masoud M. , Gestel Cornelis A. M.
Published: February 2024

Biotic ligand modeling (BLM) approaches are already applied to predict the bioavailability and possible risk of metals in surface water, but need further development for soils. The present study investigated the effect of major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and H+) on cadmium bioaccumulation in the springtail Folsomia candida. To avoid the complexity of real soils and enable control of elemental speciation in the exposure medium, the animals were exposed to different cadmium concentrations in an inert quartz sand-solution medium. Accumulation of cadmium in the animals was measured after 7 days exposure at different cation concentrations. Among the cations, only Ca2+ significantly affected the uptake of cadmium in the springtails. Mg2+ also had higher effects compared with other selected cations. Using a BLM approach, the uptake of cadmium in the animals predicted by taking into account both Ca2+ and Mg2+ activities correlated well with the measured values (R2 = 0.68). The final estimated conditional binding constants for cadmium (log KCd-BL), Ca (log KCa-BL), and Mg (log KMg-BL) of 1.06, 2.14, and 1.23 L/mol, respectively, were in agreement with previously reported values. The match between predicted and measured uptake data confirms the applicability and usefulness of the BLM for predicting the bioavailability of cadmium to springtails and opens the way for its application in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1090–1096. © 2024 SETAC
Volatility forecasting for stock market incorporating media reports, investors' sentiment, and attention based on MTGNN model
Authors: Lei Bolin , Song Yuping
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the self‐monitoring learning model FinBERT is used to identify text emotions, and the sliding time window time‐lagged cross‐correlation (WTLCC) method is utilized to screen Baidu Index keywords for the Shanghai Stock Exchange Index and 18 A‐share listed companies. There are five different types of indicators constructed: news media sentiment, public attention, investor sentiment, investor sentiment disagreement, and media sentiment disagreement. To accurately describe the structure of sentimental contagion, this paper combines graph neural network to learn and output the sentimental contagion graph, and then constructs multivariable time series forecasting with graph neural networks (MTGNN) volatility forecasting model, which can extract the spatial–temporal dependence of variables in pairs. The results show that MTGNN model possesses the highest forecasting accuracy, which performs 30.30% lower on average across four evaluation indicators for Shanghai Stock Exchange Index than temporal pattern attention–long short‐term memory model, which ranks second. For all of the models considered in this paper, adding sentimental contagion mechanism can significantly improve the volatility forecasting accuracy. The error of MTGNN is reduced the most, with a 15.21% average reduction for the Shanghai Stock Exchange Index. The contagion relationship among media reports, investor sentiment, and attention can help provide new ideas for enhancing the precision of volatility forecasting from the public opinion environment in the financial market.
Effect of goji berry incorporation on the texture, physicochemical, and sensory properties of wheat bread
Authors: Hashemi Saba , Mollakhalili‐Meybodi Neda , Akrami Mohajeri Fateme , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Khalili Sadrabad Elham
Published: February 2024

The regular intake of Lycium barbarum (goji berry) is supposed to play an important role in the promotion of human health. Regarding, its incorporation into staple foods, including bread, seems to be effective. However, it requires the evaluation of dough behavior and final product quality. This study investigated the effect of goji berry incorporation at levels of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% ww−1 on the textural, physicochemical, and sensory properties of wheat bread. Results indicated a significant enhancement of water absorption and gelatinization temperature in composite flour via the inclusion of goji berry powder (p < 0.05). Using goji berry powder up to 20% ww−1 has shown to obtain the structure able to restore gases through the baking process and provide enhancement in a specific volume at about 10%. Alongside, the hardness of composite bread decreased, and the optimal hardness was observed at formulations containing 20% w/w goji berry powder with a value equal to 1199.95 ± 0.05 g, which is supposed to be induced by the higher specific volume and lower moisture content of bread samples. Moreover, color and sensory perception have been found to be significantly changed by goji berry substitution. Goji berry substitution up to 20% ww−1 is found to be preferred by the consumer, and a drop in overall acceptability was observed at its higher inclusion. The technological characteristic changes induced by goji berry incorporation are induced by its gluten dilution impact. However, the gel‐like structure formed by the high fiber content of goji berries compensates for this adverse impact up to 20% w/w substitution level.
Addition of lime juice and NaCl to minced seafood may stimulate the expression of Listeria monocytogenes virulence, adhesion, and stress response genes
Authors: Hosseini Hedayat , Abdollahzadeh Esmail , Pilevar Zahra
Published: February 2024

Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous opportunistic bacterium responsible for deadly listeriosis outbreaks. This pathogen has been recognized as a significant food‐borne pathogen in seafood products. The present study aimed to investigate the transcript levels of virulence, adhesion, and stress response genes of L. monocytogenes upon exposure to sublethal levels of lime juice and NaCl in shrimp matrix. For this purpose, minced and broth shrimp samples (control, 2% NaCl, 5% NaCl, 25 μL/mL lime, and 50 μL/mL lime, as well as 2% NaCl+25 μL/mL lime) were inoculated with approximately 107 CFU/g or ml of L. monocytogenes, and subsequently, the samples were stored at 12°C or 37°C. For the minced samples, the transcription of one stress‐related (sigB), two adhesion (imo1634 and imo1847), and four virulence (hly, prf, intA, and plc) genes was assessed by RT‐qPCR after different storage times (0 and 48 h). Results showed that the transcript levels of sigB, imo1847, and imo1634 genes increased with increasing storage temperatures of shrimp broth (12°C to 37°C). At the beginning, the transcription of the studied genes decreased in all treatments of minced shrimp; however, after 48 h of storage at 12°C, the transcript levels of hly, prf, imo1847, imo1634, and intA genes were significantly upregulated up to 0.5–9 log2 fold‐change in all treatments compared to the control group (p < .05). These results highlight that the survived L. monocytogenes after exposure to moderate salt content or lime juice could represent enhanced virulence and adhesion capabilities, posing a significant public health risk.
Developing an empathic analysis: Using critical literacy, dialogue, and inquiry with literature to explore the issues with gender labels
Authors: Savitz Rachelle S. , Irvin Vanessa , Soulen Rita Reinsel
Published: February 2024

Book banning and censorship in the U.S. prompts necessary conversations on how critical literacy, dialogue, and inquiry are used in various school and library settings. We share guiding questions alongside three examples of textual analyses centering on gender fluidity with three young adult novels. We believe that English language arts teachers will benefit from seeing examples of how we responded to these texts with critical analysis questions that require students to analyze gender representation and identity within the stories. By developing an empathic analysis, students can engage in this critical work within classrooms and libraries, where reading diverse texts is encouraged.
2023 update to the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacotherapy Didactic Curriculum Toolkit
Authors: Kolanczyk Denise M. , Merlo Jessica R. , Bradley Bridget , Flannery Alexander H. , Gibson Caitlin M. , McBane Sarah , Murphy Julie A. , Noble Jacob M. , Noble Melissa B. , Patton Hunter M. , Rosselli Jennifer L. , Stone Rebecca H. , Thornby Krisy‐Ann
Published: February 2024

The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Pharmacotherapy Didactic Curriculum Toolkit has been used by colleges and schools of pharmacy as a guide for curricular development and revisions since its inaugural publication in 2009. The toolkit was last revised and updated by the 2019 Publications Committee. The 2023 ACCP Publications Committee was charged with reviewing the 2019 Update to the ACCP Pharmacotherapy Didactic Curriculum Toolkit to determine any necessary revisions/updates. The committee revised tier classifications, shifting the focus of the 2023 toolkit to content within the Pharm.D. curriculum. Multiple literature sources were reviewed to assess conditions for inclusion in the 2023 toolkit, and external feedback was solicited from various practice disciplines. All topics were voted on by a simple majority rule during virtual meetings or by electronic votes. There are a total of 231 topics in the 2023 toolkit, a decrease of 77 (23.2%) from the 2019 edition. Topics in each tier are as follows: 68 as tier 1 (29%), 111 as tier 2 (48%), and 52 as tier 3 (23%). Although some topics were removed completely, others were combined with other line items or revised, which may further minimize curricular overload. Similar to the 2016 and 2019 toolkits, many tier 2 topics remain in the 2023 toolkit, emphasizing the continued need for additional training through postgraduate residencies or fellowships (or “on‐the‐job” equivalent experiences), board certifications, and various certificate training programs. The 2023 ACCP Pharmacotherapy Didactic Curriculum Toolkit is designed to assist individual faculty and colleges and schools of pharmacy with curricular development and revisions. It will continue to be reviewed every 3 years to identify needed revisions on the basis of the pharmacist's evolving role, advances in therapeutics and pharmacy practice, and changes to accreditation standards and recognized professional competencies.
Investigation of two dimensional‐MoS2/reduced graphene oxide electrode for applications of NOx gas sensors
Authors: Chiu Sheng‐Kuei , Tang Chih‐Chieh , Louh Rong‐Fuh
Published: February 2024

Introduction

To generate GO and rGO nanoparticles, high‐temperature thermal reduction and the Hummers' technique were both employed. A GO sample is heated and turned into rGO nanopowder. A MoS2 precursor is then added to make a MoS2/rGO composite structure.

Objectives

The themes of this research work consist of (1) preparation of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) powder produced by hydrothermal method and sulfurization reaction; (2) graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles prepared by Hummers' method, compounded with MoS2 to form molybdenum disulfide/reduced graphene oxide (MoS2/rGO) powder in order to reduce the working temperature of a gas sensing process; (3) evaluation of effects of MoS2 and MoS2/rGO sensing devices for NO and NO2 (NOx) gas detection.

Results and conclusion

When tested under various gas concentration and ambient temperature conditions, the NOx gas concentration is 10 ppm, and the working temperature is 150°C, the response value obtained reaches 14.4. In this study, MoS2; a member of two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal sulfide materials, was applied as the main body of the sensing material, and rGO was used as a functional additive. For creating new gas sensing devices, significant progress has been made in creating and designing NOx gas sensing devices for MoS2/rGO composite materials.
Learning on the country: Motivating dental students to attend a rural placement
Authors: Swift Hazel , Farhang Tina , Georgei Maribelle , Lalloo Ratilal
Published: February 2024

Purpose/objectives

This research aimed to identify factors that affect dental students’ attitudes toward participation in rural clinical outplacements (RCOP) in Australia, and to suggest strategies that will increase students' desire to attend RCOP in the future.

Methods

Dental students from the nine dental schools in Australia were invited to an online survey on their willingness to participate in an RCOP and the factors that influence this willingness. These factors were grouped into themes of education, personal and health, social, financial, and information‐related.

Results

The study had an estimated response rate of 10% with 202 responses. More than two‐thirds (68%) of students were willing to participate in an RCOP. Students who grew up in a rural area were significantly more likely to be willing to attend an RCOP, compared to those from urban settings. Attitudes toward the anticipated educational experience of RCOP were positive, while factors related to finances and pre‐existing information were of concern to students. Educational, personal/health‐related, and social factors had significant impacts on participants' willingness to attend RCOP.

Conclusion

Overall, despite students holding negative opinions on certain social and financial factors, their positive attitudes toward other factors outweighed these. Universities should aim to further promote the educational benefits of RCOP to improve students’ attitudes prior to attending RCOP. In‐depth qualitative analysis is required to explore students’ concerns regarding RCOP and longitudinal research is warranted to monitor students’ attitudes toward RCOP and rural work over time.
Nucleotide metabolism, leukodystrophies, and CNS pathology
Authors: Gavazzi Francesco , Gonzalez Carlos Dominguez , Arnold Kaley , Swantkowski Meghan , Charlton Lauren , Modesti Nicholson , Dar Asif A. , Vanderver Adeline , Bennett Mariko , Adang Laura A.
Published: February 2024

The balance between a protective and a destructive immune response can be precarious, as exemplified by inborn errors in nucleotide metabolism. This class of inherited disorders, which mimics infection, can result in systemic injury and severe neurologic outcomes. The most common of these disorders is Aicardi Goutières syndrome (AGS). AGS results in a phenotype similar to “TORCH” infections (Toxoplasma gondii, Other [Zika virus (ZIKV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)], Rubella virus, human Cytomegalovirus [HCMV], and Herpesviruses), but with sustained inflammation and ongoing potential for complications. AGS was first described in the early 1980s as familial clusters of “TORCH” infections, with severe neurology impairment, microcephaly, and basal ganglia calcifications (Aicardi & Goutières, Ann Neurol, 1984;15:49–54) and was associated with chronic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis and elevated type I interferon levels (Goutières et al., Ann Neurol, 1998;44:900–907). Since its first description, the clinical spectrum of AGS has dramatically expanded from the initial cohorts of children with severe impairment to including individuals with average intelligence and mild spastic paraparesis. This broad spectrum of potential clinical manifestations can result in a delayed diagnosis, which families cite as a major stressor. Additionally, a timely diagnosis is increasingly critical with emerging therapies targeting the interferon signaling pathway. Despite the many gains in understanding about AGS, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the cell‐type drivers of pathology and characterization of modifying variables that influence clinical outcomes and achievement of timely diagnosis.
The multilevel well‐being paradox: Towards an integrative process theory of coping in teams
Authors: Nordbäck Emma , Nurmi Niina , Gibbs Jennifer L. , Boyraz Maggie , Logemann Minna
Published: February 2024

Contemporary work teams are increasingly faced with external pressures and changing demands that thrust them into stressful conditions that require coping to maintain not only performance but also well‐being. In this paper, we treat the COVID‐19 pandemic as an extreme case of multilevel stressors and coping in teams to investigate how teams and their members simultaneously cope with stressors at both individual and team levels and the impacts this has on their well‐being. We conducted a longitudinal qualitative multi‐case study involving 12 teams, utilizing data from 69 members collected through diaries, interviews, and surveys over a period of 6 months. Our findings illustrate how the needs and coping efforts of teams and individuals can sometimes conflict, resulting in opposing states of well‐being at different levels. We frame this phenomenon as the multilevel well‐being paradox. Our emergent process model of multilevel coping in teams suggests that teams thrive when they establish a shared appraisal of stressors and coping options through active team reflection, and when they adopt coping approaches that align with the specific stressors experienced at both levels. This study advances our understanding of coping in teams by illuminating the intricate interplay between team and individual well‐being and highlighting the paradoxical nature of this relationship.
Seek and ye shall find: The utility of perioperative VTE screening in high‐risk oncologic patients undergoing abdominopelvic surgery
Authors: Pletcher Eric R. , Nguyen‐Thai Allison , Lim Tiffany , Silberman Allan W.
Published: February 2024

Background and Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing major oncologic surgery using an epidural catheter (EC) for postoperative analgesia with mechanical prophylaxis and without chemoprophylaxis.

Methods

Six hundred and twenty‐six patients undergoing major oncologic surgery from 2009 to 2023 were evaluated. VTE was defined as deep vein thrombosis above the level of the knee. Lower extremity venous duplexes (LEVDs) were done preoperatively and postoperatively after the EC was removed. All patients received mechanical thromboprophylaxis, but not chemical prophylaxis, while the EC was in place. A generalized linear multivariable model was constructed to identify risk factors that predict pre and postoperative VTE.

Results

29/626 patients (4.6%) were found to have preoperative VTE. 16/626 (2.6%) were found to have a postoperative VTE when their preoperative LEVD was negative. In comparison to patients without preoperative VTE, those with VTE were more likely to be male, anticoagulated, and have a history of coronary artery disease. Patients in the postoperative VTE group were older, male, anticoagulated, and had a history of VTE. On multivariable analysis, previous history of VTE was the risk factor most strongly associated with both pre and postoperative VTE.

Conclusion

Oncologic patients undergoing elective abdominopelvic surgery with epidural analgesia should be screened in the perioperative setting with LEVD to identify VTE and possibly prevent PE.
Artificial intelligence in head and neck surgery: Potential applications and future perspectives
Authors: Wojtera Bartosz , Szewczyk Mateusz , Pieńkowski Piotr , Golusiński Wojciech
Published: February 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve the surgical treatment of patients with head and neck cancer. AI algorithms can analyse a wide range of data, including images, voice, molecular expression and raw clinical data. In the field of oncology, there are numerous AI practical applications, including diagnostics and treatment. AI can also develop predictive models to assess prognosis, overall survival, the likelihood of occult metastases, risk of complications and hospital length of stay.
Bilateral Costal Cartilage Harvest for Auricle Reconstruction: A New Technique to Prevent Postoperative Thoracic Deformity
Authors: Wang Peizhou , Chen Qi , Wang Bingqing , Wang Yue , Zhang Qingguo , Luo Pan
Published: February 2024

Hypothesis

Unilateral costal cartilage harvesting (UCCH) for auricle reconstruction in children tends to cause thoracic deformities. Therefore, our study aimed to develop a novel bilateral costal cartilage harvesting (BCCH) method to prevent and reduce thoracic deformities.

Methods

Patients with unilateral microtia who underwent either UCCH (n = 50) or BCCH (n = 46) were enrolled in this study. The grafts for the BCCH group were harvested from the 6th costal cartilage of the ipsilateral hemithorax and the 7th and 8th cartilage from the other hemithorax. Computed tomography and physical examination were performed to identify any physical deformities in the chest contours post‐surgery. The cosmetic appearance of the thoracic scars post‐surgery was evaluated using the Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating Scale (SCAR) and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS cosmetic). The numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to quantify the pain in donor sites. The reconstructed ears were assessed during the follow‐up period.

Result

None of the patients in the BCCH group developed thoracic deformities, while 16 patients within the UCCH group developed mild (n = 12) or severe (n = 4) thoracic deformities (p < 0.001). The SCAR (3.09 vs. 2.92, p = 0.580) and VAS scores (0.96 vs. 0.90, p = 0.813) did not differ significantly between the two groups. For both treatment arms, the NRS scores were highest on the first‐day post‐surgery and gradually dropped over the 10 days. No significant differences were found in the NRS scores and the aesthetic outcomes of the reconstructed ears between the two groups.

Conclusion

The BCCH method effectively reduced the incidence of thoracic deformity at the donor site without increasing postoperative pain and cosmetic concerns for patients. It could be used clinically to improve patient outcomes of costal cartilage grafts.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:3572–3580, 2024
Fatigue Impacts Quality of Life in People with Spinocerebellar Ataxias
Authors: Lai Ruo‐Yah , Rummey Christian , Amlang Christian J. , Lin Chi‐Ying R. , Chen Tiffany X. , Perlman Susan , Wilmot George , Gomez Christopher M. , Schmahmann Jeremy D. , Paulson Henry , Ying Sarah H. , Onyike Chiadi U. , Zesiewicz Theresa A. , Bushara Khalaf O. , Geschwind Michael D. , Figueroa Karla P. , Pulst Stefan M. , Subramony Sub H. , Burns Matthew R. , Opal Puneet , Duquette Antoine , Ashizawa Tetsuo , Hamedani Ali G. , Davis Marie Y. , Srinivasan Sharan R. , Moore Lauren R. , Shakkottai Vikram G. , Rosenthal Liana S. , Kuo Sheng‐Han
Published: February 2024

Background

Fatigue is a prevalent and debilitating symptom in neurological disorders, including spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). However, the risk factors of fatigue in the SCAs as well as its impact have not been well investigated.

Objectives

To study the prevalence of fatigue in SCAs, the factors contributing to fatigue, and the influence of fatigue on quality of life.

Methods

Fatigue was assessed in 418 participants with SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, and SCA6 from the Clinical Research Consortium for the Study of Cerebellar Ataxia using the Fatigue Severity Scale. We conducted multi‐variable linear regression models to examine the factors contributing to fatigue as well as the association between fatigue and quality of life.

Results

Fatigue was most prevalent in SCA3 (52.6%), followed by SCA1 (36.7%), SCA6 (35.7%), and SCA2 (35.6%). SCA cases with fatigue had more severe ataxia and worse depressive symptoms. In SCA3, those with fatigue had a longer disease duration and longer pathological CAG repeat numbers. In multi‐variable models, depressive symptoms, but not ataxia severity, were associated with more severe fatigue. Fatigue, independent of ataxia and depression, contributed to worse quality of life in SCA3 and SCA6 at baseline, and fatigue continued affecting quality of life throughout the disease course in all types of SCA.

Conclusions

Fatigue is a common symptom in SCAs and is closely related to depression. Fatigue significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Therefore, screening for fatigue should be considered a part of standard clinical care for SCAs.
Liquid‐level sensor based on Michelson interferometer with double hook structure
Authors: Mao Beibei , Wu Yongfeng , Cheng Weihao , Ullah Rahat , Ren Jianxin , Mao Yaya , Yuan Tingxuan , Wang Tutao
Published: February 2024

A new type of Michelson interferometer (MI) based on a double hook structure is proposed for measurement of liquid level and temperature. The optical fiber MI based on the double‐hook structure is fabricated using a hydroxide flame heating device. Furthermore, the angle and sensing length of the double‐hook structure can be controlled by a rotating platform. The sensor is fixed on a ruler, which is set vertically on the iron support stand employing a beaker clamp, and the position of the beaker clamp is adjusted so that the double hook structure of the sensor overflows the water surface in the beaker. The temperature and liquid level sensitivities of the sensor are 129.8 pm/°C and −186.2 pm/mm, respectively. The novel optical fiber MI based on the double‐hook structure has the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost and easy fabrication, which has a great market prospect in production and life.
Lehre in der organischen Chemie individualisieren
Authors: Martin Paul P. , Graulich Nicole
Published: February 2024

Mit künstlicher Intelligenz lassen sich Freitextantworten automatisiert auswerten. Dies erleichtert, den Lernfortschritt jedes Lernenden zu verfolgen und Lernmaterialien in individualisierten Lernumgebungen anzupassen.
Gründerkolumne: Welche Grundsatzentscheidungen sind bei einer Gründung fällig?
Authors: Festel Gunter
Published: February 2024

Welche Grundsatzentscheidungen sind bei einer Gründung fällig?
Prozessanlagen: Wissen wo welche Wolke Wabert
Authors: Braun René
Published: February 2024

Ein Start‐up aus Brandenburg hat ein optisches System entwickelt, das gasförmige Gefahrstoffe aus großer Entfernung erkennt. Dies verkürzt für Unternehmen die Reaktionszeit bei Unfällen und macht Industrieanlagen sicherer.
Enzyme gegen die Plastikflut
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: February 2024

Plastikmüll reichert sich in den Ozeanen an und gefährdet weltweit die natürliche Artenvielfalt. Die Suche nach neuen Methoden, um die Kunststoffe abzubauen, richtet sich jetzt auf Mikroorganismen und ihre Enzyme.
Lebenszyklusanalyse: Unverzichtbares Wissen
Authors: Schappel Jörg
Published: February 2024

Politik und Gesellschaft fordern transparente Lieferketten, um die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der Vereinten Nationen zu erreichen. Unternehmen müssen daher Klimaschutz mit messbaren Taten umsetzen.
French grassroots volunteer organizations and prospective: Challenges and avenues for nonprofit research
Authors: Plaisance Guillaume
Published: February 2024

This article explores the importance of prospective for practitioners in the sector of grassroots volunteer organizations (GVOs, as associations). Prospective can be defined as an attitude of studying the future that must lead to action. In this, in times of crisis, prospective seems crucial and the GVOs' point of view can open a research agenda. The French case of GVOs deserves more attention because of their characteristics (e.g., 90% of GVOs have no employees, 75% of them have an annual budget of less than 10,000 euros), their relationship with the public authorities and their strong social impact on the community. The scenarios of evolution of the GVOs sector proposed by La Fonda are analyzed and become filters for the reading of the French literature dedicated to GVOs. They lead to four lines of research (isomorphism; normalization and standardization; evaluation and impact; organizational capacities). Following this, a research agenda dedicated to French GVOs is proposed. This work has intrinsic implications, conducting a literature review and proposing a research agenda compared to international agendas. It highlights the challenges GVOs face and the differences between desirable research in France and international research agendas. It constitutes possible inspirations for GVOs leaders thanks to a synoptic table.
Malnourished children? Child health disparities and its causes in Eastern India
Authors: Patra Dhananjay , Dutta Meghna
Published: February 2024

The disparity in child health outcomes across Indian districts, particularly in Eastern India, is alarming. Approximately half of the districts in this region exhibit very poor child health outcomes, evidenced by alarmingly high neonatal, infant, and under‐five mortality rates. This study analyses the existing levels and patterns of child health outcomes across 112 districts of Eastern India, a region known for its low levels of child health status. To do this, we have constructed a composite child health index (CHI) using nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS‐5). Using Principal Component Analysis, the study uses the CHI values to categorize the districts into high, moderate, and low‐performing districts. The results show a significant variation in CHI outcomes across the districts, with striking regional disparities. Notably, all high‐performing districts were located only in the state of Odisha. In contrast, a substantial proportion of the low‐performing districts were in the state of Bihar, suggesting systemic healthcare deficiencies. Using discriminant function analysis, we obtain the critical determinants of CHI to be sanitation facilities, mother's education, marriage before 18 years, and low body mass index of the mother. Our findings confirm that improvements in these areas are crucial for enhancing child health outcomes and ending intergenerational transmission of poor health outcomes. The implications of this study extend beyond eastern India, offering valuable insights into similar challenges in global low‐ and middle‐income regions.
Nanoclay particles as a stem cell adhesion factor in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel‐based wound dressings
Authors: Renani Mohammad Mojmeli , Nazarpak Masoumeh Haghbin , Solati‐Hashjin Mehran , Mahdavi Hamid
Published: February 2024

As the primary goal in the wound care intervention is the promotion of rapid wound healing, researchers sought to find a remedy. In this progression course, nanocomposite‐based hydrogels have attracted the attention. Herein, we used a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel in combination with two forms of clay nanoparticles, namely unmodified montmorillonite (MONT) and modified (OMONT), to fabricate a nanocomposite‐based hydrogels and combat the lack of stem cells' adhesion to PVA, followed by seeding of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) on them. To investigate the characteristics of these constructs, corresponding tests were performed. The Young's modulus and elongation at break of PVA/5% OMONT were 3.7 ± 0.014 and 800 ± 35, respectively, which were higher than those of PVA/5% MONT (3 ± 0.03 and 320 ± 14). In addition, the hardness of the modified group (7.2 ± 0.07) was lower than the unmodified one (9.8 ± 0.07). The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) in the OMONT group was 39 ± 0.28, which was lower than PVA/5% MONT (46 ± 4.24). Hence, ADSCs/PVA montmorillonite dressing may improve wound healing and provide a new way to employ stem cells, significantly impacting skin tissue engineering safely.

Highlights

Modified montmorillonite had higher stem cell binding.

The lack of stem cells' adhesion to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was solved.

Adipose‐derived stem cells/PVA montmorillonite dressing may improve wound healing.

It is a novel promising approach for skin tissue engineering.
Optimization of Gate Structure for Damageless MicroLED Thin Films in Optogenetic Applications
Authors: Kitade Taiki , Kanda Ryota , Matsui Kazuto , Nishikawa Atsushi , Loesing Alexander , Fukunaga Izumi , Sekiguchi Hiroto
Published: February 2024

Flexible MicroLEDs hold great promise as a novel tool for advancing optogenetics, enabling applications in biology. Such applications require the technology to assemble MicroLEDs onto ultra‐thin biocompatible films that conform to the delicate and uneven brain and biological tissues. In this study, a batch transfer technique using thermal release sheets is propsed. By optimizing the gate structures that support the hollow structure, a method to transfer MicroLEDs to the film without causing damage is established. It is successfully demonstrated that the flexible MicroLED films, fabricated using this technique, can be placed on the brain surface of transgenic mice and induce neural activity through optogenetic stimulation.
Chiral Supramolecular Nanofibers Regulated Tumor‐Derived Exosomes Secretion for Constructing an Anti‐Tumor Extracellular Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Beibei , Dou Xiaoqiu , Zhao Yu , Wang Xueqian , Zhao Changli , Xia Jingyi , Xing Chao , He Sijia , Feng Chuanliang
Published: February 2024

Tumor‐derived exosomes (TDEs) induced extracellular microenvironment has recently been validated to be critical for tumor progression and metastasis, however, remodeling it for oncotherapy still remains a major challenge due to difficulty in regulation of TDEs secretion. Herein, the supramolecular chiral nanofibers, composed of L/D‐phenylalanine derivates (L/D‐Phe) and linear hyaluronic acid (HA), are successfully employed to construct TDEs induced anti‐tumor extracellular microenvironment. The left‐handed L‐Phe @HA nanofibers significantly inhibit TDEs secretion into extracellular microenvironment, which results in suppression of tumor proliferation and metastasis in vitro and vivo. Biological assays and theoretical modeling reveal that these results are mainly attributed to strong adsorption of the key exosomes transporters (Ras‐related protein Rab‐27A and synaptosome‐associated protein 23) on left‐handed L‐Phe @HA nanofibers via enhanced stereoselective interaction, leading to degradation and phosphorylated dropping of exosomes transporters. Subsequently, transfer function of exosomes transporters is limited, which causes remarkable inhibition of TDEs secretion. These findings provide a promising novel insight of chiral functional materials to establish an anti‐tumor extracellular microenvironment via regulation of TDEs secretion.
Organic Electrolyte Additive: Dual Functions Toward Fast Sulfur Conversion and Stable Li Deposition for Advanced Li–S Batteries
Authors: Liu Yahui , Xiao Kuikui , Yang Shuo , Sun Jiangdong , Li Shirui , Liu Xi , Cai Dong , Zhang Yinhang , Nie Huagui , Yang Zhi
Published: February 2024

Lithium−sulfur (Li–S) battery is of great potential for the next generation energy storage device due to the high specific capacity energy density. However, the sluggish kinetics of S redox and the dendrite Li growth are the main challenges to hinder its commercial application. Herein, an organic electrolyte additive, i.e., benzyl chloride (BzCl), is applied as the remedy to address the two issues. In detail, BzCl can split into Bz· radical to react with the polysulfides, forming a Bz–S–Bz intermediate, which changes the conversion path of S and improves the kinetics by accelerating the S splitting. Meanwhile, a tight and robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) rich in inorganic ingredients namely LiCl, LiF, and Li2O, is formed on the surface of Li metal, accelerating the ion conductivity and blocking the decomposition of the solvent and lithium polysulfides. Therefore, the Li–S battery with BzCl as the additive remains high capacity of 693.2 mAh g−1 after 220 cycles at 0.5 C with a low decay rate of 0.11%. This work provides a novel strategy to boost the electrochemical performances in both cathode and anode and gives a guide on the electrolyte design toward high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Construction of Heterojunction‐Rich Metal Nitrides Porous Nanosheets Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Water/Seawater Splitting at Large Current Density
Authors: Shen Xueran , Li Huanjun , Ma Tiantian , Jiao Qingze , Zhao Yun , Li Hansheng , Feng Caihong
Published: February 2024

The exploiting electrocatalysts for water/seawater electrolysis with remarkable activity and outstanding durability at industrial grade current density remains a huge challenge. Herein, CoMoNx and Fe‐doped CoMoNx nanosheet arrays are in‐situ grown on Ni foam, which possess plentiful holes, multilevel heterostructure, and lavish Co5.47N/MoN@NF and Fe‐Co5.47N/MoN@NF interfaces. They require low overpotentials of 213 and 296 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline media to achieve current density of 800 mA cm−2, respectively, and both possess low Tafel slopes (51.1 and 49.1 mV dec−1) and undiminished stability over 80 h. Moreover, the coupled Co5.47N/MoN@NF and Fe‐Co5.47N/MoN@NF electrolyzer requires low voltages of 1.735 V to yield 500 mA cm−2 in alkaline water. Notably, they also exhibit exceptional electrocatalytic properties in alkaline seawater (1.833 V@500 mA cm−2). The experimental studies and theoretical calculations verify that Fe doping does reduce the energy barrier from OH* to O* intermediates during OER process after catalyst reconstruction, and the non‐metallic N site from MoN exhibits the lowest theoretical overpotential. The splendid catalytic performance is attributed to the optimized local electron configuration and porous structure. This discovery provides a new design method toward low‐cost and excellent catalysts for water/seawater splitting to produce hydrogen.
Simulation of near‐saturated flow in soil macropores with the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Hyväluoma Jari
Published: February 2024

Direct information about the soil structure can be obtained with X‐ray computed microtomography, and the imaged macropore networks can be used as geometries in the lattice Boltzmann flow simulations. This method has not been widely applied for near‐saturated flows due to methodological issues related to diffuse‐interface two‐phase flow simulations in samples with limited resolution. Here, a simple pore‐scale lattice Boltzmann approach to simulate steady‐state water flow in partially saturated soil macropore networks that circumvents these problems is presented. The actual simulation is preceded by the determination of water–air distribution, for example, by using morphological operations. Flow through the water‐filled part of the pore space is done by using no‐slip conditions at water–solid boundaries and slip conditions at water–air interfaces. The method was tested by simulating film flow over a solid surface, and the numerical results are shown to agree with the analytical expression available for this flow geometry. The method is further tested, and its use is demonstrated with real tomographic reconstructions of clay soil samples.
Perspectives of Children and Young People on Their Education as Preparation for Their Future in the Digital Age: In-depth Qualitative Study in Five European Countries
Authors: Eickelmann Birgit , Barbovschi Monica , Holmarsdottir Halla , Parsanoglou Dimitris , Sisask Merike , Labusch Amelie
Published: February 2024

As the world is moving into the digital age, it is vital to understand how well education is preparing children and young people for their future lives in the digital age. This chapter, therefore, explores children’s and young people’s attitudes and perspectives on the use of digital technologies in education and on how education is preparing them for their future in the digital age. Data collected through the DigiGen project in five European countries will be the subject of an in-depth qualitative study. This will focus on children’s and young people’s access to and the availability of digital technologies at school and outside the school for school purposes; their information gathering and evaluation, content creation and use of digital technologies for interaction and communication; their attitudes towards the use of digital technologies, including the most liked and disliked aspects, benefits, challenges, and risks; and their perspectives on their teachers’ willingness to teach with and about digital technologies. The second focus is on the different age groups between 9 and 16 in the five European countries. By addressing these key issues, the research aims to provide valuable insights into children’s and young people’s perspectives on their education as preparation for their future in the digital age.
Children’s Digital Boundary Crossings When Moving in Between Porous Ecosystems
Authors: Holmarsdottir Halla , Lafton Tove , Andreasen Kristina Johnsdatter
Published: February 2024

In this chapter, we take a closer look at how the affordances of digital technology in children’s and young people’s everyday lives enable them to participate and take agency in a world that reaches outside the limitations of their physical one. Building on Bronfenbrenner’s nested ecological systems theory, and Neal and Neal’s networked ecological systems, we explore how children’s digital interactions contribute to constructing new mesosystems, beyond the ones predefined by their physical/everyday/tangible microsystems. Children and young people exploiting the porosity of such systems may lead to the creation of new learning spaces that teachers and parents are unaware of. In these spaces, knowledge that is or is not recognised in traditional learning spaces can be created and shared among children and young people themselves as well as moral strategies and conducts of behaviour. We argue that this calls for greater involvement from adults in children’s digital lives.