bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predilection sites of pyoderma gangrenosum: Retrospective study of 170 clearly diagnosed patients
Authors: Moelleken Maurice , Erfurt‐Berge Cornelia , Ronicke Moritz , Busch Dorothee , Hübner Ursula Hertha , Hüsers Jens , Przysucha Mareike , Dissemond Joachim
Published: August 2023

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a non‐infectious, neutrophilic dermatosis that was difficult to diagnose in clinical practice. Today, the PARACELSUS score is a validated tool for diagnostics. Based on this score, patients with clearly diagnosed PG were examined with regard to predilection sites. In this retrospective study, the data of patients from the University Hospitals of Essen and Erlangen were analysed in whom the diagnosis of PG could be clearly confirmed using the PARACELSUS score. A total of 170 patients, 49 men (29%) and 121 women (71%) with an average age at first manifestation of 55.5 years, could be included in the analysis. The predilection sites were identified as the lower legs in 80.6% of the patients and the extensor sides in 75.2%. Other localisations of PG were the thighs in 14.1%, mammae and abdomen in 10.0% each, back and gluteal in 7.1% each, feet in 5.9%, arms in 4.7%, genital in 3.5% and head in 2.9%. This retrospective study is the first to identify a collective of PG patients with the highest data quality using the PARACELSUS score. It could be shown that PG can basically occur on the entire integument. However, the predilection sites of PG, which have now been reliably identified for the first time, are the lower legs and in particular the extensor sides.
Fabrication of functional zirconia surfaces using a two‐beam interference setup employing a picosecond laser system with 532‐nm wavelength: Morphology, microstructure, and wettability
Authors: Henriques Bruno , Fabris Douglas , Voisiat Bogdan , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Lasagni Andrés Fabián
Published: August 2023

The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of the fabrication of microtextures in zirconia using the direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) technique. A green ultra‐short pulsed laser (532 nm, 10 ps) with a two‐beam interference setup was used to produce line‐like structures with a spatial period of 3 µm. For a fixed set of fluence and pulse‐to‐pulse overlap values (6.2 J/cm2, 81%), periodic structures were successfully created for different hatch distances. The average depth of the features ranged from 0.37 µm for a hatch distance of 14.4 µm up to 0.84 µm for a hatch distance of 12.4 µm. However, a further decrease in hatch distance did not result in an increase in depth since the region of the ridges is also ablated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed pores formation on the laser grooves, but no sign of micro‐cracking could be observed. Wettability tests showed an increase in hydrophobicity after DLIP. These results bring exciting perspectives on the fabrication of micro‐textures with DLIP on zirconia surface.
Work‐related stress, stress reactions and coping strategies in ambulance nurses: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Glawing Carina , Karlsson Ingela , Kylin Camilla , Nilsson Jan
Published: August 2023

Aim

To describe experiences of work‐related stress, stress reactions and coping strategies among registered nurses (RNs) in the ambulance service (AS).

Design

A descriptive and qualitative design.

Methods

Participants were recruited from eight different ambulance stations from different geographical locations in central Sweden. Data were collected from 14 RNs during the period from January 2022 to May 2022 using a semi‐structured interview guide. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data using an abductive approach.

Results

Three categories describe the RNs' experiences; (1) Situations that cause work‐related stress, (2) Reactions and feelings that occur and (3) Management of work‐related stress. These three main categories included a total of 12 subcategories. Work‐related stress was experienced when participants were a part of traumatic events or experienced insufficient cooperation or a disturbing event in the work environment. The different causes lead to different kinds of reactions with feelings of frustration, fear and loneliness being prominent. To manage the work‐related stress, RNs used different kinds of strategies and support from colleagues or lack thereof seemed to have a major impact.

Conclusions

Findings revealed the importance of having competent colleagues in the AS. Working with a competent colleague can reduce experiences of stress and prevent feelings of loneliness. It is important for the AS to provide stress‐reduction support, to promote cooperation and to maintain and develop RNs' professional competence to ensure quality care and patient safety in the AS.
Hairy cell leukaemia with unusual BRAF mutations
Authors: Maitre Elsa , Macro Margaret , Troussard Xavier
Published: August 2023

Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) diagnosis is based on the morphologic detection of circulating abnormal hairy cells in the peripheral blood and/or bone marrow, an HCL immunological score of 3 or 4 based on the expression of the CD11c, CD25, CD103 and CD123 and also the presence of a BRAF V600E activating mutation in the B‐raf proto‐oncogene (BRAF gene) (7q34). When using new generation sequencing of 21 targeted genes in 124 HCL patients, we identified a cohort of 6/124 (2%) patients with unusual BRAF mutations: two patients presented non‐V600 mutations (BRAF F595L, BRAF W604L respectively) and four other patients silent BRAF mutations. When using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) three of the four patients with concomitant BRAF V600E and silent mutation were negative. The respective role of these mutations in the occurrence of HCL or its progression remains to be clarified, but BRAF sequencing is necessary in case of negative BRAF V600E by ddPCR.
Association between HPV infection and penile cancer and penile intraepithelial neoplasia: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Guimaraes Maria Jose , Macieira R. , Azevedo F. , Lisboa C.
Published: August 2023

Background

Penile cancer is rising in most European countries. Several risk factors have been identified, namely human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, the exact role of HPV in penile cancer carcinogenesis is still unknown. Clarifying the contribution of HPV in penile cancer is crucial as it may improve prevention and treatment strategies.

Objective

To describe the characteristics of patients with penile cancer and penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN), evaluate the prevalence of HPV‐DNA in tumour tissue and identify differences between patients with and without HPV‐DNA.

Methods

A retrospective observational study including patients with histological diagnosis of penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or PeIN between 2012 and 2021 in a university hospital was carried out. HPV analysis was performed using Anyplex™ II HPV28 Detection that detects and identifies 28 HPV types. (sensitivity of 95.9%).

Results

A total of 25 patients were included. Most of the tumours identified were invasive SCC (n = 11) and SCC in situ (PeIN 3) (n = 8). PeIN1/2 was found in the remaining six patients. HPV‐DNA was tested in all tissue specimens and was detected in 18 of them. High risk HPV DNA was identified in all positive HPV samples, except one. HPV types included in the nonavalent HPV vaccine were identified in 16 of the 18 samples positive for HPV‐DNA. Stratifying patients according to HPV‐DNA detection, we found that patients with HPV‐DNA were younger (57.5 years vs. 70 years, p = 0.047), less likely to have phimosis (5.8% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.022) and more likely to have PeIN lesions than invasive SCC (85.7% vs. 27.8%, p = 0.025).

Conclusion

This study shows a prevalence of HPV‐DNA in penile SCC and premalignant lesions of 45.5% and 92.9%, respectively. Identifying HPV involvement in SCC and PeIN pathology has the potential to guide treatment and enhance follow‐up strategies.
An investigation into the factor structure of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Hunt R. , Dagnan D. , Muncer S. , Copping L.
Published: August 2023

Background

The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities (HoNOS‐LD) is one of the most used outcome measures in learning disability services in the United Kingdom. There is relatively little known of the psychometric properties of the scales.

Method

A data set of HoNOS‐LD scales from 571 people with learning disabilities was randomly split into two halves. Exploratory Mokken analysis was applied to the first dataset, and confirmatory scale factor analysis was applied to the second dataset to test the fit of scale structures.

Results

Two‐factor and three‐factor solutions were explored in the Mokken analysis, with the three‐factor option having somewhat better characteristics. One‐factor, three‐factor and seven‐factor solutions were explored using confirmatory factor analysis; a three‐factor solution with items 8, 16, 17 and 18 used separately offers the best characteristics.

Conclusions

The HoNOS‐LD is best conceptualised as consisting of three scales, accounting for 14 items that can be labelled as ‘Cognitive and Physical Functioning’, ‘Behaviour and Mood Disturbances’ and ‘Functional Difficulties’.
Brief report: the prevalence of smoking and vaping among adolescents with/without intellectual disability in the UK
Authors: Emerson E.
Published: August 2023

Background

Few studies have investigated the prevalence of smoking among young people with/without intellectual disability. To date, no study has investigated the prevalence of vaping among young people with/without intellectual disability.

Methods

Secondary analysis of data collected on 11 726 adolescents at age 14 years (2015) and from 9528 adolescents at age 17 years (2018) in the UK's Millennium Cohort Study.

Results

The prevalence of smoking at ages 14 and 17 and of vaping at age 14 was similar among adolescents with and without intellectual disability. There was some evidence to suggest that at age 17, the prevalence of more frequent vaping was higher among girls with intellectual disability than among their female peers (5.2% vs. 1.6%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Further large‐scale population‐based research is required to determine the prevalence of smoking and vaping among people with intellectual disability. Evidence that at age 17, the prevalence of vaping was higher among girls with potential intellectual disability than among their female peers also warrants further investigation given the increasing evidence on the potential harm to health and well‐being associated with vaping.
Perturbations in neural stem cell function during a neurotropic viral infection in juvenile mice
Authors: Kamte Yashika S. , Chandwani Manisha N. , London Natalie M. , Potosnak Chloe E. , Leak Rehana K. , O'Donnell Lauren A.
Published: August 2023

Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) often cause worse neurological outcomes in younger hosts. Throughout childhood, the brain undergoes extensive development and refinement to produce functional neural networks. Network function is maintained partly with the help of neural stem cells (NSCs) that replace neuronal and glia subtypes in the two neurogenic niches of the brain (the hippocampus and subventricular zone). Accumulating evidence suggests that viruses disrupt NSC function in adulthood and infancy, but the in vivo impact of childhood infections on acute and long‐term NSC function is unknown. Using a juvenile mouse model of measles virus (MeV) infection, where only mature neurons in the brain are infected, we defined the effects of the antiviral immune response on NSCs from juvenile to adult stages of life. We found that (a) virus persists in the brains of survivors despite an anti‐viral immune response; (b) NSC numbers decrease dramatically during early infection, but ultimately stabilize in adult survivors; (c) infection is associated with mild apoptosis throughout the juvenile brain, but NSC proliferation is unchanged; (d) the loss of NSC numbers is dependent upon the stage of NSC differentiation; and (e) immature neurons increase early during infection, concurrent with depletion of NSC pools. Collectively, we show that NSCs are exquisitely sensitive to the inflammatory microenvironment created during neuron‐restricted MeV infection in juveniles, responding with an early loss of NSCs but increased neurogenesis. These studies provide insight into potential cellular mechanisms associated with long‐term neurological deficits in survivors of childhood CNS infections.

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The ability of the eighth edition of the TNM staging system plus minor invasion criteria to predict the biological behaviour of oral cavity carcinomas
Authors: Perlangeli Giuseppe , Lilloni Giovanni , Salti Giulia , Ferri Andrea , Ferrari Silvano , Poli Tito
Published: August 2023

Background

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment is based largely on the TNM stage. The eighth edition includes important new prognostic parameters (extranodal extension and depth of invasion), while it does not consider tumour molecular characteristics or minor invasion criteria (perineural and lymphovascular invasion, grading and resection margins). This study evaluated how well the TNM eighth edition predicts the biological behaviour of OSCC, considering survival and risk of locoregional recurrence.

Materials and Methods

Data from 217 patients treated for OSCC were analysed, including epidemiologic characteristics, histological features and treatment.

Results

No significant correlations with overall survival or tumour recurrence were found for pT stages and the type of treatment, while different pN stages had significant differences in recurrence, but not in overall survival. We found significant correlations between overall survival and tumour grade and lymphovascular and perineural invasion and a significant correlation between tumour resection margins and the risk of recurrence.

Conclusions

The current TNM staging system is a necessary but not sufficient tool for predicting the overall survival and risk of recurrence of OSCC. It could be improved by considering other factors, such as minor invasion criteria and biological markers.
Factors Associated with COVID‐19 Vaccine Uptake Among High School Students in a Large, Diverse Metropolitan Area
Authors: Qi Jeffrey Z. , Weller Susan C.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Because previous studies on adolescent COVID‐19 attitudes focused on intent to get vaccinated, this study examined attitudinal factors and racial/ethnic differences associated with vaccine uptake.

METHODS

In a cross‐sectional survey of a metropolitan high school district, students were asked about their COVID‐19 attitudes, information sources, and whether they had been vaccinated. Logistic regression predicted vaccination status and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) controlled for race/ethnicity.

RESULTS

Being unvaccinated was associated with themes of distrust with concerns about vaccine newness (aOR: 0.10; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.06‐0.15), side effects (aOR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.15‐0.33), efficacy (aOR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.17‐0.38), distrust of vaccines (aOR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.09‐0.27), government oversight (aOR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.13‐0.30), and politicization (aOR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.41‐0.88). Vaccine uptake was influenced by official information sources, school closures, and vaccine availability. The majority of vaccinated and unvaccinated students trusted primary care professionals as a source for COVID‐19 information, but their influence varied across race/ethnic groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Trust and distrust were the main themes of vaccinated and unvaccinated students, respectively. Incorporating trusted information sources (primary care professionals) in information dissemination efforts may improve vaccine uptake.
REG1A protects retinal photoreceptors from blue light damage
Authors: Xu Ze‐Hua , Zhang Hang , Zhang Chang‐Jun , Yu Si‐Jian , Yuan Jing , Jin Kangxin , Jin Zi‐Bing
Published: August 2023

With the increased use of artificial light and the prolonged use of optoelectronic products, light damage (LD) to the human retina has been identified as a global vision‐threatening problem. While there is evidence of a significant correlation between light‐induced retinal damage and age‐related vision impairment in age‐related macular degeneration, it is unclear how light‐induced retinal degeneration manifests itself and whether there are agents capable of preventing the development of LD in the retina. This study investigated a mechanism by which blue light leads to photoreceptor death. By observing blue light exposure in retinal organoids and photoreceptor cells, we concluded that there could be significant apoptosis of the photoreceptors. We demonstrate that regenerating islet‐derived 1 alpha (REG1A) prevents photoreceptors from undergoing this LD‐induced apoptosis by increasing expression of the anti‐apoptotic gene Bcl2 and downregulating expression of the pro‐apoptotic gene Bax, resulting in reduced mitochondrial damage and improved aerobic capacity in photoreceptor cells. For the first time, REG1A has been shown to restore mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis after LD‐induced damage, suggesting its potential application in the prevention and treatment of retinal vision loss.
Morphological integration in inferior alveolar canal and mandibular shapes
Authors: Alhazmi Daniah M. , Nicholas Christina L. , Vora Siddharth R. , Allareddy Trishul V. , Rengasamy Venugopalan Shankar
Published: August 2023

Objective

During embryogenesis of mandible, the initial ossification centre begins at the bifurcation of the inferior alveolar (IA) and the mental nerves. Additionally, in congenital anomalies like craniofacial microsomia (CFM), the IA canal is completely absent on the microsomic side. These observations led us to hypothesise that there may be a morphological integration between these structures – the IA nerve and the mandibular shapes. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to test for morphological integration between these structures and the secondary objective was to determine if there were shape variations in these structures among skeletal Classes I, II and III subjects.

Setting and sample population

The sample size of the study is 80 full‐head cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans (age 16–56 years).

Methods

We retrieved CBCT scans from our archived database using specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. In the de‐identified CBCT scans, traditional coordinate landmarks and sliding semi‐landmarks were placed on the mandible and the IA canal (proxy for IA nerve). Using geometric morphometric analyses, we tested integration between the IA canal and the mandibular shapes. We used Procrustes ANOVA to test for overall shape variations among the three skeletal classes (Classes I, II and III).

Results

The IA canal and posterior/inferior border of mandible showed strong integration (r‐PLS = .845, P = .001). Similar strong integration was also observed between the IA canal and the overall shape of the mandible (r‐PLS = .866, P = .001). Additionally, there was a statistically significant variation in overall shape between skeletal Class I and Class II (P = .008) and Class II and Class III (P = .001).

Conclusions

The strong integration between two structures suggests that the IA nerve may play a role in establishing mandibular shape early in development. We posit this may be important in driving mandibular defects seen in CFM, which warrants further investigation.
Error traps and preventative strategies for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis spinal surgery
Authors: Hammon Dudley E. , Chidambaran Vidya , Templeton Thomas W. , Pestieau Sophie R.
Published: August 2023

Anesthesia for posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis remains one of the most common surgeries performed in adolescents. These procedures have the potential for significant intraprocedural and postoperative complications. The potential for pressure injuries related to prone positioning must be understood and addressed. Additionally, neuromonitoring remains a mainstay for patient care in order to adequately assess patient neurologic integrity and alert the providers to a reversible action. As such, causes of neuromonitoring signal loss must be well understood, and the provider should have a systematic approach to signal loss. Further, anesthetic design must facilitate intraoperative wake‐up to allow for a definitive assessment of neurologic function. Perioperative bleeding risk is high in posterior spinal fusion due to the extensive surgical exposure and potentially lengthy operative time, so the provider should undertake strategies to reduce blood loss and avoid coagulopathy. Pain management for adolescents undergoing spinal fusion is also challenging, and inadequate analgesia can delay recovery, impede patient/family satisfaction, increase the risk of chronic postsurgical pain/disability, and lead to prolonged opioid use. Many of the significant complications associated with this procedure, however, can be avoided with intentional and evidence‐based approaches covered in this review.
Efficacy and safety profile of dupilumab for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Guo Linghong , Li Zhixuan , Wu Shuwei , Jiang Xian
Published: August 2023

Background

Dupilumab is the first biologic approved for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in children and adolescents. Previous systematic reviews explored the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in adults with AD. However, the underlying mechanisms of AD can vary among different age groups, emphasizing the need for separate investigation into the use of dupilumab in children and adolescents with AD.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in children and adolescents with AD based on evidence from clinical trials and observational studies.

Methods

The process of meta‐analysis was conducted according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines.

Results

Seven clinical trials and 11 observational studies involving 1275 children and adolescents with AD were eligible for quantitative analysis. Overall, the pooled percentages of eczema area and severity index (EASI) 50, EASI 75, EASI 90, EASI 100, and investigator's global assessment (IGA) 0/1 were 72.9% (95% CI: 61.6%–81.9%), 57.4% (48.1%–66.2%), 31.3% (24.0%–39.7%), 29.7% (23.3%–37.0%), and 35.2% (29.3%–41.5%). With prolonged treatment time, an increase was seen in the pooled rate of EASI response, indicating that dupilumab may provide sustained benefits for children and adolescents over the long term. The reported adverse events were primarily mild and manageable, with an overall incidence rate of 7.2% across clinical trials and 7.6% across observational studies.

Conclusion

Dupilumab was an effective and safe treatment option for children and adolescents with AD, with positive results observed from long‐term use and an acceptable safety profile. More long‐term, high‐quality, controlled studies in different regions are needed for further verification.
Environmental racism and air pollution: Pre and post the COVID‐19 economic shutdown
Authors: Campbell Heather E. , Kim Sekwen , Johnson Shawnika , Cáceres Claudia
Published: August 2023

Decades of research demonstrates that minoritized groups are disproportionately affected by swathes of harmful pollutants, including air pollution, even controlling for low income. Would significantly reducing individual car traffic help reduce the EJ gap? The systemic shock of the COVID‐19 economic shutdown, with accompanied reduction in car use, can be exploited to analyze this question. Kerr and colleagues ask this question for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), use satellite data and categorical differences, and find that majority‐minoritized tracts on average benefited more from the shutdown, but the least‐White tracts still were significantly worse off than the most‐White tracts. We further explore this question for PM2.5, one of the most harmful air pollutants, using Geographic Information System (GIS) methods to combine several different federal datasets to compare pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 shutdown. Analyzing Census tracts, we find (1) little evidence of discrimination in the placement of PM2.5 sensors, (2) evidence of the standard EJ disproportionality for PM2.5 in both pre‐shutdown 2019 and post‐shutdown 2020, but (3) evidence of disproportionate improvement for Asians, Hispanics, and Native Americans, with concerning indications of possible harm to African Americans. This implies, as do the findings in Kerr and colleagues' study, that policies that limit gasoline‐powered car use can reduce air pollution but are unlikely to importantly alleviate US environmental racism affecting African Americans.
Contraceptive Adoption and Changes in Empowerment in Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal
Authors: O'Brien Michelle L. , Zimmermann Marita , Eitmann Linnea , Chao Dennis L. , Proctor Joshua L.
Published: August 2023

Women's empowerment and contraceptive use are critical to achieving gender equality. The positive association between more empowered women and higher rates of contraceptive use has been well‐established by cross‐sectional research. However, there remains a gap in understanding the longitudinal relationship between contraceptive adoption and changes to women's empowerment. This study represents a novel approach to understanding the relationship between contraceptive adoption and women's empowerment longitudinally, at the individual level. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to measure the relationship between contraceptive adoption and women's empowerment using more than one wave of panel data. We leverage the longitudinal design of the Urban Reproductive Health Initiative data to code empowerment items by change over time (e.g., more empowered, no change, less empowered). We use sparse principal component analysis to establish empowerment change domains and calculate individual scores standardized by country‐level averages. We estimate mixed effects models on these change domains, to investigate the link between contraceptive adoption and empowerment. We find common themes in empowerment across contexts—but contraceptive adoption has both positive and negative effects on those domains, and this varies across context. We discuss the need for cohort studies to examine this relationship.
On the Proper Treatment of Dynamics in Cognitive Science
Authors: Beer Randall D.
Published: August 2023

This essay examines the relevance of dynamical ideas for cognitive science. On its own, the mere mathematical idea of a dynamical system is too weak to serve as a scientific theory of anything, and dynamical approaches within cognitive science are too rich and varied to be subsumed under a single “dynamical hypothesis.” Instead, after first attempting to dissect the different notions of “dynamics” and “cognition” at play, a more specific theoretical framework for cognitive science broadly construed is sketched. This framework draws upon not only dynamical ideas, but also such contemporaneous perspectives as situatedness, embodiment, ecological psychology, enaction, neuroethology/neuroscience, artificial life, and biogenic approaches. The paper ends with some methodological suggestions for pursuing this theoretical framework.
Effect of storage on the nitro blue tetrazolium reduction test in dog blood samples
Authors: Baxarias Marta , Solano‐Gallego Laia
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test (NBTT) has been used for measuring the metabolic activity of phagocytes of mammals. Activated neutrophils transform NBT into formazan in the cytoplasm. The NBTT can detect the activation of neutrophils in peripheral blood and is used to assess neutrophil function in dogs. However, the NBTT is not used frequently in the clinical setting, as samples should be processed after blood collection.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage on NBTT in dog blood samples.

Materials and Methods

Residual EDTA blood samples from 22 dogs were included of different ages, breeds, and sex. The buffy coat layer was separated from the blood and incubated with 0.1% NBT. The NBTT was performed at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after the collection of blood. Blood samples were stored at 4°C until the tests were performed. Blood smears were evaluated by light microscopy, and the NBT reduction rate was reported, which represents the percentage of activated neutrophils. The NBT reduction rate was calculated after counting 300 neutrophils in each slide.

Results

The means of NBTT in dog blood samples at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h were 8.3%, 8.5%, 8.7%, and 7.8%, respectively. No significant differences were observed between time points.

Conclusions

This study showed that the NBTT can be performed up to 72 h after the collection of canine blood if correctly refrigerated at 4°C. This finding supports the performance of the NBTT in the clinical setting.
MUM1/IRF4 immunolabeling of neoplastic Langerhans histiocytes in a putative case of canine Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Klosowski Marika L. , Hughes Kelly L. , Moore A. Russell
Published: August 2023

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a systemic histiocytic proliferative disease with cutaneous manifestations which is well described in human medical literature and has relatively recently been reclassified as a neoplastic disorder. The diagnosis of canine Langerhans cell histiocytosis has been proposed in the veterinary literature to refer to a histiocytic proliferative disease in the dog with clinical and histopathologic features that mirror the human disease. However, reports that invoke this diagnosis are rare and often lack complete diagnostic characterization. This case report presents an extensive diagnostic investigation of a putative case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a 3‐year‐old male castrated Golden Retriever dog, including gross, cytologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings. Furthermore, we document that canine LCH may have positive immunolabeling for the transcription factor multiple myeloma oncogene 1/interferon regulatory factor 4 (MUM1/IRF4), which is classically used for the diagnosis of canine plasma cell neoplasms.
Decisões Judiciais na Suprema Corte do Reino Unido
Authors: Hunter Rosemary , Rackley Erika
Published: August 2023

Motivado por duas das premissas dos projetos de reescrita de decisões judiciais em perspectivas feministas (a de que essas decisões são relativamente raras no “mundo real” e a de que elas constituem valiosa contribuição à ciência do direito e à qualidade da justiça), este artigo aborda a produção de decisões feministas por ministros e ministras da Suprema Corte do Reino Unido. Com base em informações extraídas de um banco de dados com mais de 570 casos, o artigo investiga i) quem profere votos feministas na Suprema Corte do Reino Unido; ii) que tipo de decisões feministas escrevem e iii) o que essas decisões acrescentam ao entendimento da Corte e à qualidade da justiça por ela administrada. Conclui que, entre ministros e ministras que adotaram o raciocínio feminista, Lady Hale foi de longe a mais ativa, embora não tenha sido a única, pois os Lordes Kerr e Wilson também proferiram diversos votos feministas. Uma variedade desses raciocínios foi empregada, e as decisões feministas em geral se revelaram, de fato, melhores decisões, embora seu impacto tendesse a permanecer mais no âmbito discursivo do que no substantivo. O artigo se encerra com uma consideração das implicações dessas conclusões tanto para os debates feministas, quanto para a Suprema Corte do Reino Unido e as partes litigantes envolvidas em casos sob sua análise.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Decisões judiciais feministas; Suprema Corte do Reino Unido; raciocínio feminista; questões substantivas.
Carta Editorial
Authors: Tomaz de Souza Luanna , De Magalhães Gomes Camilla
Published: August 2023

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Seguro y cambio climático
Authors: Tabares Córtes Felipe
Published: August 2023

Si hay algo claro es que en los últimos 5 años estamos frente a un fenómeno global de cambio climático caracterizado por graves sequias, incendios, inundaciones y huracanes en todas las esquinas del planeta. Dichos eventos requieren la movilización de las pólizas de seguro puesto que este tipo de contrato está en el centro de la reacción colectiva frente a este fenómeno debido a su carácter de garantía frente a circunstancias aleatorias calamitosas. Entender las causas del cambio climático no es tarea sencilla razón por la cual en el seno de la ONU se creó el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC) que recientemente expidió su 6º Informe de Síntesis sobre Impactos y Riesgos. En el presente artículo se expondrán las conclusiones del Informe del IPCC, así como sus consecuencias frente al contrato de seguro.
A Scalable Compact Additively Manufactured Molten Salt to Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Heat Exchanger for Solar Thermal Application
Authors: Tano Ines-Noelly , Rasouli Erfan , Ziev Tracey , Seo Junwon , Lamprinakos Nicholas , Vaishnav Parth , Rollett Anthony , Wu Ziheng , Narayanan Vinod
Published: August 2023

Design of an additively manufactured molten salt (MS) to supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) primary heat exchanger (PHE) for solar thermal power generation is presented. The PHE is designed to handle temperatures up to 720 °C on the MS side and an internal pressure of 200 bar on the sCO2 side. In the core, MS flows through a three-dimensional periodic lattice network, while sCO2 flows within pin arrays. The design includes integrated sCO2 headers located within the MS flow, allowing for a counterflow design of the PHE. The sCO2 headers are configured to enable uniform flow distribution into each sCO2 plate while withstanding an internal pressure of 200 bar and minimizing obstruction to the flow of MS around it. The structural integrity of the design is verified on additively manufactured (AM) 316 stainless steel sub-scale specimens. An experimentally validated, correlation-based sectional PHE core thermofluidic model is developed to study the impact of flow and geometrical parameters on the PHE performance, with varied parameters including the mass flowrate, surface roughness, and PHE dimensions. A process-based cost model is used to determine the impact of parameter variation on build cost. The model results show that a heat exchanger with a power density of 18.6 MW/m3 (including sCO2 header volume) and effectiveness of 0.88 can be achieved at a heat capacity rate ratio of 0.8. The impact of design and AM machine parameters on the cost of the PHE are assessed.
A Stress-State-Dependent Sliding Wear Model for Micro-Scale Contacts
Authors: Choudhry Jamal , Almqvist Andreas , Prakash Braham , Larsson Roland
Published: August 2023

Wear is a complex phenomenon taking place as two bodies in relative motion are brought into contact with each other. There are many different types of wear, for example, sliding, fretting, surface fatigue, and combinations thereof. Wear occurs over a wide range of scales, and it largely depends on the mechanical properties of the material. For instance, at the micro-scale, sliding wear is the result of material detachment that occurs due to fracture. An accurate numerical simulation of sliding wear requires a robust and efficient solver, based on a realistic fracture mechanics model that can handle large deformations. In the present work, a fully coupled thermo-mechanical and meshfree approach, based on the momentum-consistent smoothed particle Galerkin (MC-SPG) method, is adapted and employed to predict wear of colliding asperities. The MC-SPG-based approach is used to study how plastic deformation, thermal response, and wear are influenced by the variation of the vertical overlap between colliding spherical asperities. The findings demonstrate a critical overlap value where the wear mechanism transitions from plastic deformation to brittle fracture. In addition, the results reveal a linear relationship between the average temperature and the increasing overlap size, up until the critical overlap value. Beyond this critical point, the average temperature reaches a steady-state value.
Microstructure Characteristics and Tribological Properties of Gradient Cu-MoS2 Self-Lubricating Coating Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting of Ink-Printed Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Wenfeng , Bai Ronghe , Guan Tianyu , He Yu , Liu Junyan
Published: August 2023

Self-lubricating coating has been used in industrial applications with severe conditions, such as high temperatures, vacuum, radiation, etc. In this paper, a selective laser melting of ink-printed metal nanoparticles (SLM-IP metal NPs) rapid manufacturing method was applied to fabricate Cu-MoS2 self-lubricating coating. A tailored ink consisting of metal NPs, reductant, and dispersant was deposited on a stainless steel substrate, forming the laminated gradient Cu-MoS2 coating. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite coating were characterized. The friction and wear behavior were experimentally investigated by dry sliding wear test at room and higher temperatures (>200 °C). The results indicated that the upper copper sulfur molybdenum compound layer with homogeneously distributed MoS2 provided a significant friction reduction and wear resistance. The SLM-IP Cu-MoS2 coatings showed a reduced friction coefficient by 54% compared to the pure Cu coating. The transitional Cu layer mitigated the abrupt changes in physical properties and enhanced the bonding strength between the coating and substrate. Especially, under the test condition of 200 °C, the Cu-40 vol% MoS2 coating also presented an excellent resistance to oxidation and had a lower friction coefficient of 0.24. This research provides the feasibility of fabricating self-lubricating coatings by the SLM-IP metal NPs method for surface engineering technologies.
HAXPES reference spectra of Au and Pt with Cr Kα excitation
Authors: Zheng Dong , Young Christopher N. , Stickle William F.
Published: August 2023

Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) with monochromatic Cr Kα radiation (5414.8 eV) has been used to acquire XPS and Auger data on sputtered Au and Pt samples. Survey data, high-resolution scans of all observed photoelectron peaks, and high-resolution scans of the observed Auger lines are presented herein.
Social Media and Sport Studies (2014–2023): A Critical Review
Authors: Abeza Gashaw
Published: August 2023

Building on the foundational study conducted by Abeza et al., this work extends the investigation by critically reviewing social media research in sport studies published from June 2014 to June 2023. Methodologically, the review involved an examination of 153 original research articles from five prominent journals in sport communication and sport management, namely the International Journal of Sport Communication, Communication & Sport, Journal of Sport Management, Sport Management Review, and European Sport Management Quarterly. The study identified the research streams, platforms, theories, and research methods that have garnered attention in the social media research community. The findings reveal several key insights that contribute to the ongoing dialogue in the field, stimulating further exploration and advancing knowledge at the intersection of social media and sport.
Assessing the Social Media Landscape in Sport: Evaluating the Present and Identifying Future Opportunities
Authors: Abeza Gashaw , Sanderson Jimmy
Published: August 2023

This article introduces a special issue of the International Journal of Sport Communication containing insightful commentaries by distinguished scholars in social media scholarship in sports studies. By inviting 25 scholars in the field, who contributed a total of 16 scholarly commentaries, the issue benefits from their extensive knowledge of the interplay between social media and sport. The scholarly commentaries address current trends, critique methods, challenge theories, and propose fresh approaches to understanding the impact of social media in sport. These scholars offer unique perspectives, innovative methodologies, and engaging writing that caters to a diverse readership. The articles provide valuable critiques; shed light on critical issues, controversies, and gaps in knowledge; and identify future directions for sport and social media scholarship to traverse. Importantly, the diverse perspectives presented in this issue stimulate academic dialogue and foster productive discussions within the field of social media in sport studies.
Metal-polyDNA nanoparticles reconstruct osteoporotic microenvironment for enhanced osteoporosis treatment
Authors: Liu Xueliang , Li Fan , Dong Ziliang , Gu Chao , Mao Dongsheng , Chen Jingqi , Luo Lei , Huang Yuting , Xiao Jie , Li Zhanchun , Liu Zhuang , Yang Yu
Published: August 2023

Current clinical approaches to osteoporosis primarily target osteoclast biology, overlooking the synergistic role of bone cells, immune cells, cytokines, and inorganic components in creating an abnormal osteoporotic microenvironment. Here, metal-polyDNA nanoparticles (Ca-polyCpG MDNs) composed of Ca
2+
and ultralong single-stranded CpG sequences were developed to reconstruct the osteoporotic microenvironment and suppress osteoporosis. Ca-polyCpG MDNs can neutralize osteoclast-secreted hydrogen ions, provide calcium repletion, promote remineralization, and repair bone defects. Besides, the immune-adjuvant polyCpG in MDNs could induce the secretion of osteoclastogenesis inhibitor interleukin-12 and reduce the expression of osteoclast function effector protein to inhibit osteoclast differentiation, further reducing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. PPi
4−
generated during the rolling circle amplification reaction acts as bisphosphonate analog and enhances bone targeting of Ca-polyCpG MDNs. In ovariectomized mouse and rabbit models, Ca-polyCpG MDNs prevented bone resorption and promoted bone repair by restoring the osteoporotic microenvironment, providing valuable insights into osteoporosis therapy.
Determination of the preferred epitaxy for III-nitride semiconductors on wet-transferred graphene
Authors: Liu Fang , Wang Tao , Gao Xin , Yang Huaiyuan , Zhang Zhihong , Guo Yucheng , Yuan Ye , Huang Zhen , Tang Jilin , Sheng Bowen , Chen Zhaoying , Liu Kaihui , Shen Bo , Li Xin-Zheng , Peng Hailin , Wang Xinqiang
Published: August 2023

Transferred graphene provides a promising III-nitride semiconductor epitaxial platform for fabricating multifunctional devices beyond the limitation of conventional substrates. Despite its tremendous fundamental and technological importance, it remains an open question on which kind of epitaxy is preferred for single-crystal III-nitrides. Popular answers to this include the remote epitaxy where the III-nitride/graphene interface is coupled by nonchemical bonds, and the quasi-van der Waals epitaxy (quasi-vdWe) where the interface is mainly coupled by covalent bonds. Here, we show the preferred one on wet-transferred graphene is quasi-vdWe. Using aluminum nitride (AlN), a strong polar III-nitride, as an example, we demonstrate that the remote interaction from the graphene/AlN template can inhibit out-of-plane lattice inversion other than in-plane lattice twist of the nuclei, resulting in a polycrystalline AlN film. In contrast, quasi-vdWe always leads to single-crystal film. By answering this long-standing controversy, this work could facilitate the development of III-nitride semiconductor devices on two-dimensional materials such as graphene.
CCR2 is a host entry receptor for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus
Authors: Zhang Leike , Peng Xuefang , Wang Qingxing , Li Jin , Lv Shouming , Han Shuo , Zhang Lingyu , Ding Heng , Wang Cong-Yi , Xiao Gengfu , Du Xuguang , Peng Ke , Li Hao , Liu Wei
Published: August 2023

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus causing a high fatality rate of up to 30%. To date, the receptor mediating SFTSV entry remained uncharacterized, hindering the understanding of disease pathogenesis. Here, C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) was identified as a host receptor for SFTSV based on a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen. Knockout of CCR2 substantially reduced viral binding and infection. CCR2 enhanced SFTSV binding through direct binding to SFTSV glycoprotein N (Gn), which is mediated by its N-terminal extracellular domain. Depletion of CCR2 in C57BL/6J mouse model attenuated SFTSV replication and pathogenesis. The peripheral blood primary monocytes from elderly individuals or subjects with underlying diabetes mellitus showed higher CCR2 surface expression and supported stronger binding and replication of SFTSV. Together, these data indicate that CCR2 is a host entry receptor for SFTSV infection and a novel target for developing anti-SFTSV therapeutics.
Proregenerative extracellular matrix hydrogel mitigates pathological alterations of pelvic skeletal muscles after birth injury
Authors: Duran Pamela , Boscolo Sesillo Francesca , Cook Mark , Burnett Lindsey , Menefee Shawn A. , Do Emmy , French Saya , Zazueta-Damian Gisselle , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Saviola Anthony J. , Shah Manali M. , Sanvictores Clyde , Osborn Kent G. , Hansen Kirk C. , Shtrahman Matthew , Christman Karen L. , Alperin Marianna
Published: August 2023

Pelvic floor disorders, including pelvic organ prolapse and urinary and fecal incontinence, affect millions of women globally and represent a major public health concern. Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) dysfunction has been identified as one of the leading risk factors for the development of these morbid conditions. Childbirth, specifically vaginal delivery, has been recognized as the most important potentially modifiable risk factor for PFM injury; however, the precise mechanisms of PFM dysfunction after parturition remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that PFMs exhibit atrophy and fibrosis in parous women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse. These pathological alterations were recapitulated in a preclinical rat model of simulated birth injury (SBI). The transcriptional signature of PFMs after injury demonstrated an impairment in muscle anabolism, persistent expression of genes that promote extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and a sustained inflammatory response. We also evaluated the administration of acellular injectable skeletal muscle ECM hydrogel for the prevention of these pathological alterations. Treatment of PFMs with the ECM hydrogel either at the time of birth injury or 4 weeks after injury mitigated PFM atrophy and fibrosis. By evaluating gene expression, we demonstrated that these changes are mainly driven by the hydrogel-induced enhancement of endogenous myogenesis, ECM remodeling, and modulation of the immune response. This work furthers our understanding of PFM birth injury and demonstrates proof of concept for future investigations of proregenerative biomaterial approaches for the treatment of injured pelvic soft tissues.