bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Presidential commission on drug policy: instrument of reform or defender of the status quo?
Authors: Bonnie Richard J.
Published: January 2017

Critics of the War on Drugs often invoice the two reports of the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse (1971–73) to signify an alternative conception of drug policy, one rooted in the public health tradition rather than criminal law enforcement. Based on the example of the Marihuana Commission, contemporary proponents of a “harm reduction” strategy have supported the creation of a Presidential commission to conduct a comprehensive study of U.S. drug policy. They envision an ambitious project designed to rethink the current approach and develop a blueprint for a reformed policy aiming to reduce harm rather than to eradicate drugs or drug use. When established to study controversial social problems, however, Presidential advisory commissions are utilized either to help set an agenda for a Presidential initiative or to reaffirm the status quo. Given the present political climate, it is doubtful that a new commission will be the instrument of much-needed reform.
“One of the major problems of our society”: symbolism and evidence of drug harms in U.S. Supreme Court decisions
Authors: Husak Douglas , Peele Stanton
Published: January 2017

When a government action impinges on important individual rights, the United States Supreme Court is compelled to identify the harms it perceives in a behavior or practice in order to assess the constitutionality of a statute, a government policy, or a penalty. We select the six most recent cases in which the Court has expressed views about the harms it attributes to drug use. We conclude that the recent history of such Court justifications shows that they are almost entirely symbolic. Although several Justices in minority opinions have themselves made this point, only in the most recent such Court decision did the majority label a government action against drugs as symbolic and thereby conclude that it did not justify the infringement of constitutional rights involved. This view of the Supreme Court is the best glimpse available of the kind of arguments official policy-makers rely on to justify drug proscriptions.
On writing a white paper on drug policy
Authors: Skretting Astrid
Published: January 2017

In February 1997, the Norwegian government presented a white paper to Stortinget (the Norwegian Parliament) on drug policy. Two quite different aspects related to the white paper are discussed in this article—and more questions are raised than will be answered. First, to what degree has a country with a restrictive drug policy—such as Norway—political leeway to “soften” drug policy measures without this being interpreted as a signal that the authorities have given up the fight? Do politicians necessarily believe in their defense of a strict drug policy, or do they feel forced to defend the existing policy? Second, what about role conflicts when a person normally working as a researcher is engaged by a ministry to take part in the production of a white paper on drug policy? To what extent can a researcher expect to have any influence on the political content?
A qualitative study of self-managed change in substance dependence among women
Authors: Copeland Jan
Published: January 2017

Alcohol and drug abuse and dependence are common disorders in our society, and the vast majority of those who recover do so without formal treatment. Although this phenomenon appears to be more common among women than men, no study reported in the literature has provided information on the process of natural recovery among women. This qualitative study found that the model of natural recovery described by Biernacki appears to adequately characterize the broad categories of the process among women. There are, however, gender-specific aspects to a number of the processes and strategies described, and in the degree of salience of some of the factors in enhancing motivation to change addictive behaviors. The term “self-managed change” has been adopted to more adequately characterize this process.
Life histories of crack-using African-American homeless men: salient themes
Authors: Cohen Eric , Stahler Gerald J.
Published: January 2017

In-depth life history interviews with 31 African-American male crack-cocaine users in Philadelphia were conducted as part of a demonstration project on homeless substance-abuse programs. Topics analyzed include the informants’ extensive experience of early life disruptions, childhood trauma and interpersonal violence; the importance of street gang life and violence while growing up; the transitory and unstable nature of the men's employment histories; the development of their careers of drug use and dealing; the involvement of drinking and drugs in the transition to homelessness; and their view of treatment as a resource for a respite from the streets.
The cost of alcohol-attributable injuries and poisonings in Canada, 1992
Authors: Robson Lynda S. , Single Eric , Xie Xiaodi , Rehm Jürgen
Published: January 2017

Alcohol-related injuries and poisonings are estimated to have caused 1.7% (3,359) of all deaths, 4.0% (123,119) of all corresponding potential years of life lost, 1.1% (38,687) of all hospitalizations, and 1.3% (533,895) of hospital days in Canada in 1992. The cost of these injuries is estimated to have been $3.9 billion, using a societal point of view and the human capital method of valuing forgone productivity. Leading causes of these human and economic costs are motor vehicle accidents, falls, self-inflicted injury and assault. Injuries and poisonings comprise a large portion of alcohol-related mortality (50% of deaths; 66% of potential years of life lost), morbidity (45% of hospitalizations) and economic costs (51%). Policy implications of these results are discussed.
Screening for alcohol problems in emergency department patients with minor injury: results and recommendations for practice and policy
Authors: Degutis Linda C.
Published: January 2017

In order to assess the feasibility of emergency department (ED) physician screening of patients with minor injuries for alcohol problems, a two-part screening process was implemented in an urban ED. Blood alcohol concentration was measured using either a saliva strip or a serum alcohol test. Questions about alcohol use frequency, and consumption quantity were asked in addition to the CAGE questions. Over a one-year period 2,439 adults (age ≥ 18 years) with non-life-threatening injuries were screened. Multiple strategies were used in order to increase compliance over the course of the study. Over the first six months, the overall screening rate increased from 8% to 45% and remained level for most of the duration of the project. Individual variations in rates ranged from 5% to 70%. Screening for alcohol problems is feasible in the ED setting and may be integrated as part of the role of the ED physician.
Reducing violence in licensed venues through community safety action projects: the Queensland experience
Authors: Hauritz Marg , Homel Ross , Mcilwain Gillian , Burrows Tamara , Townsley Michael
Published: January 2017

Community-based safety action projects, replications of the model developed in Surfers Paradise designed to reduce violence and disorder in licensed environments in city entertainment areas, were implemented in three diverse North Queensland cities (Cairns, Townsville and Mackay). The change model is based on prior experience with community interventions, the theory of situational crime prevention, and the theory of responsive regulation. The interventions took place in each city during 1995 and early 1996. The results are based on unobtrusive direct observations by patron-observers of aggression, drinking, and management practices in licensed venues in September 1994 and October 1996. There was a decline of 56% in all aggressive and violent incidents, and a decline of at least 75% in physical assaults, but conclusions concerning direct causality cannot be drawn. These declines, which did not differ significantly between cities, coincided with marked improvements in host responsibility practices and a decline in male drunkenness.
Programs and policies for reducing alcohol-related motor vehicle deaths and injuries
Authors: Beirness Douglas J. , Simpson Herb M. , Mayhew Daniel R.
Published: January 2017

Despite significant reductions in the magnitude of the alcohol-crash problem, drinking and driving continues to present a major threat to the safety of all road users. Today a substantial portion of the problem involves a relatively small group of persistent drinking drivers referred to as “hard-core” offenders. The defining characteristics of this group are: they repeatedly drive after drinking; they often do so with high blood alcohol concentrations (BACs)—i.e., over 150 mg%; and they appear relatively resistant to changing this behavior. The profile of the hard-core drinking driver is that of a male age 25—44 who drinks heavily and exhibits a variety of antisocial and deviant behaviors in addition to drunken driving. Two promising countermeasure options for dealing with this hard-core group of drinking drivers— alcohol ignition interlocks, and assessment and rehabilitation—are presented.
Ritual practice in a social model recovery home
Authors: Kohn Abigail , Bryan Kathy
Published: January 2017

In this article we analyze ritual and ceremony in a residential social model program for women alcoholics and addicts. This social model program, “Twelve Willows,” relies on certain forms of ritual in treatment. Qualitative data were collected by a team of ethnographers, and our analysis is informed by anthropological analyses of ritual, ritual symbolism, and ceremony (Ortner, 1990; Turner, 1967) and by research on ritual practices in families with histories of alcoholism (Bennett, Wolin, Reiss et al., 1987; Wolin and Bennett, 1984). Following Ortner's (1990) lead, we argue that analysis of the rituals and ceremony at Twelve Willows may “open” or make available to outsiders the culture and social life of the program, providing a window on important values and structures of this particular social model program. We also propose that the practice of rituals at Twelve Willows may facilitate the recovery process and offer instructive models for the treatment community as a whole.
Resident self-governance in social model recovery programs
Authors: Borkman Thomasina
Published: January 2017

The current paper focuses on resident self-governance, in theory and in practice, in California social model recovery programs. Social model programs are derived from AA 12-step/12-tradition philosophy and have adopted the belief held in AA that persons in recovery must take responsibility for their own recovery, not just in speech but in action. Social model programs put this conviction into practice with formal mechanisms for resident self-governance that give residents opportunities for responsibility. This is considered vital practice for taking responsibility outside the relatively secure confines of the social model program. Resident self-governance is a distinctive feature of social model, and literature from social model leaders has emphasized the transfer of AA principles of egalitarian power-sharing and rotating leadership to a programmatic setting. How resident self-governance actually works, and how it is reconciled with a nonprofit parent agency that must maintain some hierarchy for purposes of efficiency and to satisfy legal and funder requirements, is explored through reference to the two social model programs that were studied in the Social Model Process Evaluation project.
A Central African Perspective on Contextualizing the Ephesian Potentates, Principalities, and Powers
Authors: Wendland Ernst R. , Hachibamba Salimo
Published: January 2017

The concept of power varies according to the sociocultural setting in which it is perceived and defined. One's outlook is also influenced by his or her religious worldview and value system. This study investigates the notion of spiritual “powers” as developed in Ephesians from the point of view of the Zambian Tonga people. It is based upon an overview of the cluster of power concepts in this epistle as they relate to the implicit pagan socio-religious setting that prevailed in ancient Asia Minor. This is compared with a contextualized perspective of these notions as influenced by a traditional Tonga construal of the different spiritual forces that impinge upon their daily world. We conclude with a listing of seven important principles that pertain to a meaningful contemporary communication of the biblical message in Butonga.
Art, Theology, and Contextualization: The Armenian Orthodox Experience
Authors: Haleblian Krikor G.
Published: January 2017

This article attempts to demonstrate that the Oriental Orthodox Armenian Church has been contextualizing the Christian faith throughout its long history as is evident in its religious art-forms. As visible symbols of faith, church architecture, carved stone crosses, religious iconography, and various other art-forms reveal so much about not only the theology of the Armenian Church but also about the way that they contextualize their faith. Missionaries, in their attempt at understanding the religious views of a target people may benefit from this article as they pay serious attention to art and its meanings in the minds of the people.
Reading Romans in Hurricane-Ravaged Honduras: A Model of Intercultural and Interdisciplinary Conversation
Authors: Baker Mark D. , Wagner J. Ross
Published: January 2017

This article displays an interactive approach of contextual Bible study by bringing the reader into the discussion between a Bible scholar and people at the grass roots, as mediated by a missionary in Honduras. Description of the rich dialogue about passages on the righteousness of God in Romans displays how all involved, Bible scholar, missionary, and church members, gained new insights as they wrestled with pastoral and theological challenges caused by Hurricane Mitch. The authors both model an approach of dialogical Bible study and list methodological insights for other missionaries engaging in contextual Bible study.
Working Out the Mission Theory of Bishop Charles Henry Brent
Authors: Jones Arun W.
Published: January 2017

The Episcopal Church in the Philippines was forged from missionary work of the early twentieth century. High Church or Anglo-Catholic Episcopalians dominated this work, and their theology was most clearly articulated by the first bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Philippines, Charles Henry Brent. Brent's ecclesiology has been adopted and adapted by Filipino Episcopalians; they have taken up themes sounded by him but used those themes to develop an indigenous ecclesiology quite different from that of the missionary bishop.
Holistic Ministry and Mission: A Call for Reconceptualization
Authors: Ringma Charles
Published: January 2017

This article addresses the way in which the term “holistic” has become the contemporary in word for describing mission and ministry. The philosophical roots of this term are explored and its ideological implications are set out. I propose that this term is not helpful in reflecting the biblical vision of God's concern for all of life and the restoration of all things, and the church s role in bringing God's shalom to all of life. Instead, I propose the term “integral” as a better descriptor for missional activity.
Prophet, Kings, Servants, and Lepers: A Missiological Reading of an Ancient Drama
Authors: Effa Allan L.
Published: January 2017

This article explores major missiological themes emerging from the well-loved story of the healing of Naaman, the Syrian leper. These are examined primarily from the perspective of their applicability to the original readers in their context of forced expatriation and oppression. Missiological highlights include the instrumentality of the scattered people of God, the far-reaching consequences of a humble witness, the transformational power of God's grace, the spiritual openness of people who face deep crises, the role of signs and wonders in witness, and the importance of allowing new converts to work out the details of their allegiance while remaining in their old contexts.
The Subversive Kingship of Jesus and Christian Social Witness
Authors: Hertig Paul
Published: January 2017

Jesus rode into Jerusalem, announcing his kingship on a borrowed donkey. He had no palace, much less a place to lay his head, and lacked a transportation service. This subversive king exorcized the temple, set limits on Caesar's authority, publicly declared that a poor widow's minimal offering was greater than all others, and redefined servanthood as beneficial for the needy rather than the benefactor. Jesus refused to directly answer interrogations from religious and political authorities about his messiahship and kingship. He demonstrated that authentic faith is at its best when it is able to resist. Though passively and actively noncooperative toward corrupt human authority, Jesus did not call for a revolt. He rebuked the disciple who struck with the sword, challenging the assumption that God is automatically on our side at the expense of people we do not know. Jesus ushered in an alternative kingdom through a countercommunity that did not operate according to the accepted standards of authority and hierarchy, but one that treated all people fairly and justly.
Individualist Educators in a Collectivist Society: Insights from a Cross-Cultural Model Applied to China
Authors: Greenlee David , Stück James
Published: January 2017

Over the months the young European Ph.D. grew frustrated. His position on the East Asian seminary faculty fulfilled a personal dream. But he did not know how to respond to the increasing requests from students for extensions on deadlines or special consideration on test scores. “Why couldn't they just get the work done on time and accept the grade they had earned?” he asked himself.

Two Ph.D. students walked across the suburban Chicago campus after a session in a weeklong seminar led by a noted Latin American theologian. “What did you think of his talk?” asked the American, a student who frequently asked questions. “I think we should just be quiet and let the professor say what he wants to say,” the Korean responded abruptly.
What I Learned about Christianity from the Druids
Authors: Cooper Michael T.
Published: January 2017

The phenomenal growth rate of Pagan religions has attracted little attention from missiologists, not to mention the Christian community in general. Only recently has the academy recognized its growing interest among scholars, and some publishers are dedicating volumes, if not series, to Pagan Studies. The religious milieu of contemporary Western society provides an environment of pluralism, leading to the legitimization of religious others. This religious free-market has precipitated transfers of religious loyalty. As such, Christianity should be open to the criticism that it receives from outsiders, as well as former insiders, in order to hear and learn from their perceptions. As Western Christianity is increasingly considered inadequate in answering the questions of post-Christian Western culture, Paganism is positioned as a new religious movement that addresses spirituality in a manner that meets the desires of the contemporary West. Western Christianity needs to consider how it is viewed by Christian and religious others in order to address the spiritual needs of the post-Christian West. The purpose of this article is to present current research on one Pagan religion's perception of Christianity. While the perception exists that the dominant position of Christianity has placed it above the criticism of religious others, it is important for Christianity to humble itself and listen to others express their concerns and frustrations. The article begins with a definition of contemporary Druidry. Then, utilizing ethnographic data, the article presents some contemporary practitioners' views of Christianity. Finally, the article outlines three lessons about Christianity that can be drawn from the Druids.
Popular Notions of the Missionary Task in a Post-Missionary Era
Authors: Price J. Matthew
Published: January 2017

This study considers how missionaries might change their host culture through their presence and influence by responding to the question: “Do missionaries destroy or preserve culture?” Three novels are explored for themes relevant to this important concern, including Death Comes for the Archbishop (1927), Things Fall Apart (1959), and The Poisonwood Bible (1998). Missionaries are viewed as ones who preserve culture by clarifying intercultural differences and making connections between cultures. Missionaries tend to disregard cultures by misunderstanding religious worldviews and associating the church with secular powers. Missionaries can be catalysts of the gospel message without dismantling the host culture.
Catholicism, Medicine, and Mental Retardation
Authors: Hoffman John L.
Published: January 2017

The practical implications of the following article go way beyond its subject, and beyond medicine. Within one country people of different religious background, different national background, different social scale, tend to see some issues in sharply different light. They are genuinely unable to understand emotionally the opposite point of view. This is the thesis which John L. Hoffman documents in his description of the attitudes of typical American doctors and Roman Catholic parents. True as this is within our own complex culture, how much more sharply it is often true from culture to culture. Many examples have been given in the pages of Practical Anthropology. Perhaps this one, closer to home, will sharpen our understanding of how deeply the issues run.
Concerning a Culturally Relevant Witness in Congo
Authors: Fehderau Harold W.
Published: January 2017

Over two years ago an appeal went out in an editorial of this journal to its readers for “some careful analyses of the actual preaching content of the missionaries and national Christians in relation to the culture to which they are ministering.” The editor gave precise suggestions as to what he meant: “Given a specific cultural situation, a specific point of view in the minds of a group to which I am a missionary, or a group in my own country to which I am witnessing of my faith, what should I say? What have I said that has been particularly helpful? What is my approach? Why?”1 In this article, Harold Fehderau suggests steps toward a more relevant witness in Congo at this time of change and upheaval. His suggestions are programmatic. We are still looking for material analyzing the relevance of the content of Christian preaching.
Indian Attitudes towards Education and Inter-Ethnic Contact in Mexico
Authors: Colby Benjamin N.
Published: January 2017

In an earlier article in Practical Anthropology, the author discussed the significance of values, attitude, and social relationship for the part which they play in influencing social change, centering the discussion on resistance of Indians to girls' learning Spanish and learning to read. Now, in the present article. Dr. Colby presents more data on Indian attitudes toward education and toward contact with Ladinos. No educational system operates in a vacuum. Inevitably the community in which it operates abounds in a complex of attitudes toward it, attitudes which will militate strongly for or against the goals of the educators. This article presents one brief case in point.1
Lengua Festivals and Functional Substitutes
Authors: Loewen Jacob A.
Published: January 2017

A Lengua war party is returning. None of its members were injured. Four Lenguas have taken scalps. The raid has been a success… or has it ? The four heroes are sleeping apart from the rest of the war party surrounded by a circle of fire fueled by red quebracho wood (a hard and dense wood from which tannic acid is extracted) which throws off flares of sparks in all directions when it burns. The heroes are sleeping in their “fortress of fire” because they are afraid of the - jangaoc, the ‘souls of the dead’ of the slain enemies. They fear that these ‘souls' are even now pursuing them. How will these men ever regain peace of mind and their - valhoc, their ‘innermost?’ The answer is one month away. Then the band will have a festival to purify the heroes and to reinstate them as “clean” members of the group again. Then the four will be free of fear once more.
Mission to Jews: Reduction of Inter-Group Tension
Authors: Blumstock Robert E.
Published: January 2017

To most Americans the fact of birth eliminates the need for religious choice. If and when adult choices are made the new affiliation usually does not differ radically from the initial starting point. A Methodist may, through circumstances, attend a Presbyterian church but the area of decision is still within the Protestant fold. For Jews the transition from Orthodox to Conservative and Reform synagogues also does not involve a crossing of religious lines. The Catholic church is perhaps best equipped to maintain its membership by its ability to encapsulate the lives of its adherents, using such means as Catholic societies and schools which limit the circle of choice. When a more radical change in affiliation occurs, as in the case of marriage partners from different religious backgrounds, the motives for conversion or the selection of religious education usually involve the enhancing of harmony within the familial setting rather than the total acceptance of a belief system.
A Spirituality for Missionaries
Authors: Isley William L.
Published: January 2017

“A Spirituality for Missionaries” seeks to justify biblically a specifically missionary spirituality consisting of four characteristics: (1) the sense of being called out from the familiar or normal; (2) the conviction of being sent to a particular place or people; (3) a highly intentional lifestyle; and (4) an eschatological orientation. These four characteristics are then applied to missionary preparation and strategy, including a proposal for the establishment of celibate orders based upon Paul's defense of celibacy in 1 Corinthians 7:25–40.
Deaf Society: Issues of Training and Contextualization
Authors: Linderman Albert
Published: January 2017

Continued attention to the dynamic processes of Deaf society will allow churches and organizations to allocate resources most effectively to serve Deaf and hard-of-hearing people. Of chief need are creative consortiums such as the effort of European organizations to serve Ugandan Deaf children. What brings together this kind of creative consortium? What else around the world is taking place to serve the world's Deaf and hard-of-hearing population? What needs to be done? How can churches and mission organizations approach these challenges? This article will answer some of these questions while presenting a strategy for viable services for Deaf and hard-of-hearing people.
Being Indigenous as Well as Christian: A Case of Maiwala Christians in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Nagai Yasuko
Published: January 2017

This article is a case study of contextualization in a Melanesian community and explores the challenge of how to live faithfully as a Christian and relate effectively to one's own culture. After discussing the difference between contextualization and syncretism, the author portrays several examples of how Maiwala Christians in Papua New Guinea are trying to affirm much of their traditional culture while remaining faithful to the claims of the gospel on their lives. While practices of feasting, fighting, and killing have stopped, the practice of and belief in magic continues underground.
The Role of Serotonin in Violence and Schizophrenia: Implications for Risk Assessment
Authors: Elbogen Eric B. , Huss Matthew T.
Published: January 2017

This article examines dynamic biological factors associated with violence and schizophrenia to help explain inconsistent findings in the empirical literature on risk assessment. In particular, the role of serotonin in both violence and schizophrenia is reviewed and integrated. Although serotonin does seem implicated in violence, its connection with violence in schizophrenic populations has not been established. Findings from serotonin studies suggest several factors that might influence a relationship between violence and schizophrenia, including different serotonin subtypes, the type and severity of violent behavior, the type of comparison group studied, the context of the study, interactions between neurotransmitter systems, and the individual's level of psychosis.
Correlates of Higher Rates of Recidivism in Female Prisoners: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Stuart Bryan , Brice-Baker Janet
Published: January 2017

The article explores correlates of criminal recidivism in women. The relatively limited amount of female-specific recidivism research suggests the presence of gender-specific differences between men and women in variables related to the patterns of reoffense. The present study combines the relatively lean body of female-specific empirical findings with related theoretical and anecdotal information, and, using a sample of 60 imprisoned women, assesses the relationship of 26 variables to women's rates of recidivism. Analysis of the data determined that five of the variables (age, arrest(s) while under legal supervision, offense type, age of first imprisonment, and looking forward to release from prison) were significantly correlated with recidivism. A sixth variable, quality of healthcare in prison, approached statistical significance. Suggestions for improvements in present treatment and rehabilitation models are made.
Emotional Variables and Deviant Sexual Fantasies in Adolescent Sex Offenders
Authors: Digiorgio-Miller Janet
Published: January 2017

This study examined the relationship of treatment settings (inpatient and outpatient), sexual fantasies (deviant and non-deviant), and reported levels of loneliness and hostility. Most research relating to emotional variables and sex offending, utilizes primarily adult offender participants and not juvenile offenders. The results of this study indicated that there are significant differences between residential sex offenders (inpatient) and outpatient sex offenders on frequency of deviant sexual fantasies. Certain variables are also positively correlated with deviant sexual fantasies for residential sexual offenders (inpatient). The purpose of this research is to contribute to the field of adolescent sex offender assessment and treatment by examining the level of sexual deviant thoughts as related to mood states and subsequent acting out behavior. It assesses emotional components in a variety of settings to assist in tailoring treatment interventions for these issues. With more focus on these traditionally overlooked variables, early intervention with adolescent sex offenders will offer more efficient treatment. Finally, this study hopes to offer more issues for future research.
Methamphetamine Motivated Murder: Forensic Psychological/Psychiatric & Legal Applications in Criminal Contexts
Authors: Fabian John Matthew
Published: January 2017

This article examines the clinical and forensic (psycho-legal) aspects of methamphetamine use. The author will describe the clinical and psychiatric effects of the drug on an individual's functioning. Forensic psychological/psychiatric issues including substance-induced psychosis relevant to a not guilty by reason of insanity defense, diminished capacity, and mitigation at capital sentencing will be addressed. Case law pursuant to forensic aspects of methamphetamine use will also be thoroughly explored.
The Diagnostic Issue of Antisocial Personality Disorder in Civil Commitment Proceedings: A Response to DeClue
Authors: Cauley Dean R.
Published: January 2017

The use of Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) absent any paraphilia to recommend civil commitment as a sexually violent predator is diagnostically a flawed conclusion. Without the co-morbid paraphilia existing simultaneously but independently there can be no diagnostic conclusion regarding sexual deviancy, preferences, or risk. Without such diagnostic conclusions ASPD cannot be used to infer, predict, assess, or correlate with any future sexual behavior, legal or illegal. This article will use DeClue's recent publication as a starting point for exploring this topic as it adequately presents all of the arguments for the use of ASPD in isolation as a basis for civil commitment recommendations of sexually violent predators.
Juvenile Risk Assessment Scale (JRAS): A Predictive Validity Study
Authors: Hiscox Sean P. , Witt Philip H. , Haran Steven J.
Published: January 2017

A New Jersey Supreme Court decision directed the New Jersey Attorney General's Office to develop a risk assessment scale specific to juvenile sex offenders, to be used to place juvenile sex offenders in risk tiers in accord with New Jersey's community notification law. In light of the court's decision, the scale previously used for both adults and juveniles in New Jersey was modified, creating the JRAS. The present article describes the development of the JRAS, as well as the predictive validity study that was conducted to determine the relationship between JRAS scores and recidivism. The predictive validity study found that the ability of the JRAS to predict both sex offense and non-sex offense recidivism is on the same level as other accepted scales. Factor analysis revealed that the major predictive factor in the JRAS was a general antisocial behavior factor.
The internal migration-development nexus: Evidence from southern India
Authors: Dodd Warren , Humphries Sally , Patel Kirit , Majowicz Shannon , Dewey Cate
Published: January 2017

This study examines the extent to which the internal migration-development nexus is operational in four panchayats or village councils in northwest Tamil Nadu. We investigate who participates in labor migration in this context and explore the experiences of and outcomes from labor migration for migrant workers and their households. In addition, we examine the motivations for migration among migrant households and the barriers to migration among non-migrant households. We argue that internal labor migration can contribute to development in this setting. However, recognition of the barriers to and within migration is needed to frame subsequent policy discussions and rural development planning.
Methods for visualizing mainland China’s floating migration: A critical assessment
Authors: Zhang Weiyang , Derudder Ben , Witlox Frank , Vanheule Dirk
Published: January 2017

As one of the most conspicuous consequences of the household registration (hukou) system, China’s so-called ‘floating migration’ has attracted a lot of interest across scholarly disciplines. In this research note, we argue that our understanding of the geographies of this floating migration can be enhanced through appealing visualizations of the migration flows, as these can be useful background references in a range of academic studies. Research on the effective visualization of dense spatial networks — of which China’s floating migration is a good example — is rapidly gaining pace, and here we explore the potential of different visualization techniques. We discuss and compare different visualization techniques, analyze what insights can be gleaned from these, and suggest which techniques best fit what purposes.
Blessing the Barren and Warning the Fecund: Jesus' Message for Women Concerning Pregnancy and Childbirth
Authors: Pitre Brant James
Published: January 2017

Although they have received little scholarly attention, the beatitudes for childless and barren women (Lk. 23.29; Gos. Thom. 79b) and warnings to pregnant women and mothers (Mk 13.17-19; Lk. 23.28, 30-31) probably originated with Jesus. When read in light of Jewish apocalyptic eschatology, they reveal a trajectory of apoca lyptic asceticism in the Jesus tradition. This examination uses them as evidence for the argument that Jesus advocated the renunciation of procreation.
Organizational Responses to Institutional Pressures: Reconfiguration of Spaces in Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies
Authors: Battard Nicolas , Donnelly Paul F. , Mangematin Vincent
Published: January 2017

The literature on organizational responses to institutional pressures describes responses ranging from compliance to resistance via different modes of decoupling. However, although these studies provide a greater understanding of the phenomenon, they tend to consider the different elements separately. Through a comparative case study of six research teams in the area of nanosciences and nanotechnologies, we offer three contributions. Our first contribution is to the decoupling literature by way of a complementary and cohesive framework, which shows that organizations vary in their responses by reconfiguring their physical (policy and materiality), mental (meaning) and social (identity) spaces, and that each space can be reconfigured at the core or periphery, or not be reconfigured. Our second and third contributions are through descriptions of two modes of organizational responses to institutional pressures and two factors explaining the variety of responses.
Culture, Conditions and Paradoxical Frames
Authors: Keller Joshua , Loewenstein Jeffrey , Yan Jin
Published: January 2017

Organizational contexts establish conditions that seem paradoxical, but it is unclear when and why individuals notice and respond to paradoxes. This paper examines how culture and conditions interact to shape whether individuals adopt paradoxical frames. We used cooperation and competition among American and Chinese people as an empirical setting. Using lay categories as a theoretical framework, we predicted that specific types of conditions, colleagues’ outperforming and out-helping each other, can be interpreted as instances of both cooperation and competition. Study 1 found that Chinese people were more likely than Americans to adopt paradoxical frames in just these types of conditions and that the cross-cultural difference was attributed to differences in paradox mindset. Study 2 found that in just these types of conditions, Chinese people were more likely to engage in simultaneously cooperative and competitive behavior and this was attributed to differences in the use of paradoxical frames. Thus, culture and conditions interact to influence when people invoke and apply paradoxical frames.
Influence of Social Support and Self-Efficacy on Resilience of Early Career Registered Nurses
Authors: Wang Lin , Tao Hong , Bowers Barbara J. , Brown Roger , Zhang Yaqing
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among social support, self-efficacy, and resilience in early career registered nurses. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 747 early career registered nurses. Data collection was performed between August and November 2015. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Among the three factors of social support, only the impact of coworker support on nurse resilience is fully mediated by self-efficacy; friend support had a significant positive direct effect on self-efficacy and an indirect effect on nurse resilience. This would suggest the importance of administrators/managers understanding how to promote coworker support, increase self-efficacy, foster a positive work climate, and develop effective mentorship programs to improve early career registered nurses resilience and mitigate factors leading to turnover.
Cell Phone Information Seeking Explains Blood Pressure in African American Women
Authors: Jones Lenette M. , Veinot Tiffany C. , Pressler Susan J.
Published: January 2017

Although cell phone use and Internet access via cell phone is not marked by racial disparities, little is known about how cell phone use relates to blood pressure and health information seeking behaviors. The purposes of this study were to (a) describe Internet activities, cell phone use, and information seeking; (b) determine differences in blood pressure and information seeking between cell phone information seekers and nonseekers; and (c) examine cell phone information seeking as a predictor of blood pressure in African American women. Participants ( N = 147) completed a survey and had their blood pressure measured. Independent-sample t tests showed a significant difference in systolic blood pressure in cell phone information seekers and nonseekers. Linear regression revealed cell phone information seeking as an independent predictor of systolic blood pressure, despite confounders. It is possible that cell phone information seekers were using health information to make decisions about self-management of blood pressure.
Quantitation of Pneumatic Otoscopy
Authors: Clarke Lawrence R. , Wiederhold Michael L. , Gates George A.
Published: January 2017

Pneumatic otoscopy has long been espoused as an easily and rapidly used, inexpensive method for routine evaluation of the tympanic membrane and middle ear. This widely used technique, however, has not been explored in a quantitative manner. Therefore, we measured the differential pressure and frequency of the pressure pulse used by a group of experienced otoscopists during routine pneumatic otoscopic examination. We found the pressure pulse varied from 170 to 520 mm H2O and the frequency varied from 2.2 to 4.9 pulses per second. We used a pneumatic pump to deliver a controlled pressure pulse—at a frequency of 4.0/sec—to the pneumatic otoscope. This device was used to measure the minimum pressure pulse necessary for the experienced otoscopist to merely detect tympanic membrane movement in normal ears. The threshold for visible movement ranged from 10 to 15 mm H2O. Thus, even the most gentle otoscopist used a pressure pulse an order of magnitude higher than the threshold for detection of visible movement in normal ears. The gap between the pressure pulse at threshold for visual detection of movement and that which is routinely used offers the possibility of increased sensitivity and specificity for this commonly used diagnostic tool. Preliminary data are presented from this study in which the pressure pulses required for visual detection of tympanic membrane movement in diseased ears were determined.
Quantitative Diagnostic Test for Perilymph Fistulas
Authors: Black F. Owen , Lilly David J. , Nashner Lewis M. , Peterka Robert J. , Pesznecker Susan C.
Published: January 2017

Clinically, the definitive diagnosis of perilymph fistulas can only be made by tympanotomy. Results of various fistula tests based upon the vestibulo‐ocular reflex have not correlated well with findings during tympanotomy. A new fistula test has been developed based upon vestibulo‐spinal responses. By systematic removal of both visual and support‐surface orientation references from the subject—leaving only vestibular control of postural reflexes—patients with perilymph fistulas demonstrated an increased (sometimes phase‐locked) postural sway in response to sinusoidal changes in external auditory canal pressures. Results from 100 consecutively operated ears (64 patients)—77 of whom underwent preoperative and postoperative moving‐platform fistula tests—indicate that the test sensitivity is 97 percent for this highly selective patient population. Absolute specificity could not be determined because, on patients without clinical indications for surgery, tympanotomy is contraindicated.
Tympanostomy Tube Insertion: Anterosuperior vs. Anteroinferior Quadrant
Authors: April Max M. , Portella Rafael R. , Orobello Peter W. , Naclerio Robert M.
Published: January 2017

We studied the extrusion rate of Paparella type I tympanostomy tubes in the anterosuperior quadrant compared to those placed in the anteroinferior quadrant in a prospective study. Thirty‐five patients were evaluated. The duration (mean ± SEM) in the anteroinferior quadrant was 211 ± 18 days, whereas the duration in the anterosuperior quadrant was 211 ± 11 days. We conclude that placement in the anterosuperior quadrant does not prolong duration of these tympanostomy tubes.
Tracheomalacia Repair Using Ceramic Rings
Authors: Amedee Ronald G. , Mann Wolfgang J. , Lyons George D.
Published: January 2017

Tracheomalacia resulting from tracheostomy or compressive thyroid disease often represents a difficult problem in airway management. In an attempt to improve this condition, biocompatible ceramic rings were surgically implanted in 16 patients to restore normal patency of the airway by first expanding the tracheal lumen lateral, and then in an anterior dimension. Preoperatively, patients displayed moderate to severe obstruction with marked restrictions in lifestyle, as confirmed by history, physical examination, and airway resistance studies. Additionally, three of these patients were trach‐dependent at the time of implantation. Postoperatively all 16 patients have normal airway resistance parameters with a dramatic improvement in lifestyle, whereas the three with tracheostomy were successfully decannulated. The routine use of these rings has alleviated the need for rib/cartilage grafts, primary resections with anastomosis, prolonged periods of cannulation, and multiple surgeries. Our experience in the use of ceramic rings for tracheomalacia repair will be presented, highlighting selection criteria for their use, intraoperative placement, perioperative complications, and postoperative followup for a minimum of 6 months.
Enterprise Response to Public Policy Reforms: A Scan of Extant Literature and an Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Venugopal R. , Dixit M.R.
Published: January 2017

This paper scans the studies that have investigated the response of enterprises to public policy reforms and suggests an agenda for future research. It traces the evaluation of the literature on relationship between environment and organization as a backdrop for reviewing the 12 key research papers in the international context. It shows that organizations have responded more to the changes in the regulatory environment than in other types of environment. It also points to the shift from unfocused strategy to focused strategy as a response to the public policy environment. The Indian studies scanned by the paper have covered a vast range from understanding the rationale for the public policy reform to responses in specific industry sectors. Against this scan, the paper suggests an agenda for future research in the areas of disaggregated stud ies, organizational processes in strategy reformulation, learning and innovation, corporate governance, and inter-organizational differences in responses. A significant item on the agenda is the study of response of public policy to changes in the firm's strategy. The paper hopes that the agenda would stimulate the preparation of concrete research proposals that would extend the knowledge base of the interaction between the enterprise and its policy environment.
Concept of Success among Executives
Authors: Gupta Parvinder
Published: January 2017

This paper analyses the concept of success by exploring the views executives hold about their success. The concept is given the name “idealized success” to reflect the subjective or personalized definition of success, that is, success in relation to one's own goals and objectives. Responses of 310 executives from 13 organizations encompassing textile, chemicals and fertilizers, and engineering industries have been analysed. Seven factors of idealized success, namely, Omnibus Success, “Own People” Success Archetype, Excellent Work Life, Comfortable Living, Leadership and Power, Job Prestige and Stability, and Patriotism and Altruism have been identified. The paper also presents the implications of this analysis for organizations.