bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulated microgravity, Mars gravity, and 2g hypergravity affect cell cycle regulation, ribosome biogenesis, and epigenetics in Arabidopsis cell cultures
Authors: Kamal Khaled Y. , Herranz Raúl , van Loon Jack J. W. A. , Medina F. Javier
Published: April 2018

Gravity is the only component of Earth environment that remained constant throughout the entire process of biological evolution. However, it is still unclear how gravity affects plant growth and development. In this study, an in vitro cell culture of Arabidopsis thaliana was exposed to different altered gravity conditions, namely simulated reduced gravity (simulated microgravity, simulated Mars gravity) and hypergravity (2g), to study changes in cell proliferation, cell growth, and epigenetics. The effects after 3, 14, and 24-hours of exposure were evaluated. The most relevant alterations were found in the 24-hour treatment, being more significant for simulated reduced gravity than hypergravity. Cell proliferation and growth were uncoupled under simulated reduced gravity, similarly, as found in meristematic cells from seedlings grown in real or simulated microgravity. The distribution of cell cycle phases was changed, as well as the levels and gene transcription of the tested cell cycle regulators. Ribosome biogenesis was decreased, according to levels and gene transcription of nucleolar proteins and the number of inactive nucleoli. Furthermore, we found alterations in the epigenetic modifications of chromatin. These results show that altered gravity effects include a serious disturbance of cell proliferation and growth, which are cellular functions essential for normal plant development.
Erratum: MERRAclim, a high-resolution global dataset of remotely sensed bioclimatic variables for ecological modelling
Authors: Vega Greta C , Pertierra Luis R , Olalla-Tárraga Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2018

Scientific Data 4:170078 doi: 10.1038/sdata.2017.78 (2017); Published 20 June 2017; Updated 17 April 2018. Supplementary File 1 was accidentally excluded from this Data Descriptor. It has now been included.
Advanced bi-functional CoPi co-catalyst-decorated g-C3N4 nanosheets coupled with ZnO nanorod arrays as integrated photoanodes
Authors: Liu Chang , Wu Pengcheng , Wu Keliang , Meng Guihua , Wu Jianning , Hou Juan , Liu Zhiyong , Guo Xuhong
Published: April 2018

In this work, a CoPi-decorated type II heterojunction composed of one-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) coated with two-dimensional (2D) carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was successfully prepared and used as photoanode.
Visible light mediated oxidation of benzylic sp3 C–H bonds using catalytic 1,4-hydroquinone, or its biorenewable glucoside, arbutin, as a pre-oxidant
Authors: Finney Laura C. , Mitchell Lorna J. , Moody Christopher J.
Published: April 2018

Benzylic ethers undergo a visible light induced C–H activation and oxygen insertion to give the corresponding benzoate esters in moderate to good yields.
Anomalous toluene transport in model segmented polyurethane–urea/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Rath Sangram K. , Bahadur Jitendra , Panda Himanshu S. , Sen Debasis , Patro T. Umasankar , S. Praveen , Patri Manornajan , Khakhar Devang V.
Published: April 2018

The kinetics of liquid solvent sorption in polymeric systems and their nanocomposites often deviate from normal Fickian behaviour.
Room temperature ferroelectricity of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites with mixed iodine and bromine
Authors: Xiao Juanxiu , Chang Jingjing , Li Bichen , Isikgor Furkan Halis , Wang Dong , Fan Zhen , Lin Zhenhua , Ouyang Jianyong , Zeng Kaiyang , Chen Jingsheng
Published: April 2018

(a) Schematic of the SPM set-up; (b) PFM phase image; (c) C-AFM current image; (d) Bias off phase hysteresis loop; (e) Surface potential image; and (f) Schematic of the polarization switching.
Magnetic ordering in a frustrated bow-tie lattice
Authors: Vera Stimpson Laura J. , Rodriguez Efrain E. , Brown Craig M. , Stenning Gavin B. G. , Jura Marek , Arnold Donna C.
Published: April 2018

Layered, Ca2Mn3O8 exhibits complex ‘bow-tie’ connectivity between manganese ions within the layer with magnetic spins ordered in an ↑↑↓↓ arrangement.
Negative thermal expansion in molecular materials
Authors: Liu Zhanning , Gao Qilong , Chen Jun , Deng Jinxia , Lin Kun , Xing Xianran
Published: April 2018

Some mechanisms resulting in negative thermal expansion in molecular materials are summarized.
Photoinduced ring-opening polymerisation of l-lactide via a photocaged superbase
Authors: K. Kuroishi P. , Dove A. P.
Published: April 2018

The phototriggered ring-opening polymerisation of l-lactide is demonstrated for the first time using a photocaged tetramethylguanidine.
Direct observation of stepwise intermolecular proton and hydrogen transfer between alcohols and the triplet state of 4-nitro-1-naphthol
Authors: Zhang Fengjin , Zhang Di , Du Yong , Jin Peipei , Zhao Yanying , Zheng Xuming , Xue Jiadan
Published: April 2018

Solvent assisted excited state intramolecular proton or hydrogen transfer has received much attention in bi-functional molecules with hydrogen donating and hydrogen accepting groups. Whether this takes place in 4-nitro-1-naphtol was examined in this work.
Surface structure, optoelectronic properties and charge transport in ZnO nanocrystal/MDMO-PPV multilayer films
Authors: Lian Qing , Chen Mu , Mokhtar Muhamad Z. , Wu Shanglin , Zhu Mingning , Whittaker Eric , O’Brien Paul , Saunders Brian R.
Published: April 2018

ZnO nanocrystal/MDMO-PPV multilayer films were studied that contained six bilayers and showed excellent light absorption tuneability, photoluminescence quenching and solar cells exhibited a surprisingly high open circuit voltage.
The effect of copper on the redox behaviour of iron oxide for chemical-looping hydrogen production probed by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Yüzbasi Nur Sena , Abdala Paula M. , Imtiaz Qasim , Kim Sung Min , Kierzkowska Agnieszka M. , Armutlulu Andac , van Beek Wouter , Müller Christoph R.
Published: April 2018

We report the influence of copper on the reduction rate and pathways of iron oxide based oxygen carriers for a chemical looping based H2 production cycle.
A hexa-quinoline basedC3-symmetric chemosensor for dual sensing of zinc(ii) and PPi in an aqueous mediumviachelation induced “OFF–ON–OFF” emission
Authors: Sinha Sanghamitra , Chowdhury Bijit , Adarsh Nayarassery N. , Ghosh Pradyut
Published: April 2018

“OFF–ON–OFF” luminescence switching behavior of a hexa-quinoline based sensor towards Zn2+and PPi in an aqueous buffer medium is demonstrated.
808 nm-triggered optical thermometry based on up-conversion luminescence of Nd3+/Yb3+/Er3+ doped MIn2O4 (M = Ca, Sr and Ba) phosphors
Authors: Liu Xue , Li Ting , Zhao Xiaoqi , Suo Hao , Zhang Zhiyu , Zhao Puju , Gao Shuai , Niu Mu
Published: April 2018

808 nm driven UCL mechanism and intrinsic structure-dependent optical thermometric performance of MIn2O4:Nd3+/Yb3+/Er3+ (M = Ca, Sr, and Ba) are elucidated.
The kinetics of dimethylhydroxypyridinone interactions with iron(iii) and the catalysis of iron(iii) ligand exchange reactions: implications for bacterial iron transport and combination chelation therapies
Authors: Harrington James M. , Mysore Manu M. , Crumbliss Alvin L.
Published: April 2018

Catalysis of iron(iii) exchange between two chelators by a bidentate siderophore mimic is discussed in the context of iron homeostasis.
A new approach for sustained and efficient H2 photoproduction by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Kosourov Sergey , Jokel Martina , Aro Eva-Mari , Allahverdiyeva Yagut
Published: April 2018

Pulse-illumination re-directs photosynthetic electron flow destined for CO2 fixation to [FeFe]-hydrogenase, thus sustaining algal H2 photoproduction for 70 hours.
Comprehensive control of voltage loss enables 11.7% efficient solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Wu Yongzhen , Bahng Hee Won , Cao Yiming , Yi Chenyi , Saygili Yasemin , Luo Jingshan , Liu Yuhang , Kavan Ladislav , Moser Jacques-E. , Hagfeldt Anders , Tian He , Zakeeruddin Shaik Mohammed , Zhu Wei-Hong , Grätzel Michael
Published: April 2018

The unprecedentedly targeted down-regulation of Vloss in DSSCs renders a power conversion efficiency of 11.7% for solid-state DSSCs.
One-pot catalytic selective synthesis of 1,4-butanediol from 1,4-anhydroerythritol and hydrogen
Authors: Wang Tianmiao , Liu Sibao , Tamura Masazumi , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Hiyoshi Norihito , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: April 2018

A physical mixture of ReOx–Au/CeO2 and carbon-supported rhenium catalysts effectively converted 1,4-anhydroerythritol to 1,4-butanediol with H2 as a reductant.
Removal of anionic dyes from an aqueous solution by a magnetic cationic adsorbent modified with DMDAAC
Authors: Chen Junjie , Chen Hongling
Published: April 2018

Fe3O4@SiO2modified with quaternary ammonium groups was prepared to remove methyl blue from aqueous solutions and exhibited good reusability.
Influence of redox electrolyte on the device performance of phenothiazine based dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: El-Shishtawy Reda M. , Decoppet Jean-David , Al-Zahrani Fatimah A. M. , Cao Yiming , Khan Sher B. , Al-Ghamdi Mohammed S. , Alhogbi Basma G. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael
Published: April 2018

We report on a new organic dye based on phenothiazine for DSC application.
Mesoporous waste-extracted SiO2–Al2O3-supported Ni and Ni–H3PW12O40 nano-catalysts for photo-degradation of methyl orange dye under UV irradiation
Authors: Shalaby Nasser H. , Elsalamony Radwa A. , El Naggar Ahmed M. A.
Published: April 2018

Conversion of two type of solid waste to silica–alumina structure that was promoted to a novel photocatalyst for water treatment.
Silicon compatible Sn-based resistive switching memory
Authors: Sonde Sushant , Chakrabarti Bhaswar , Liu Yuzi , Sasikumar Kiran , Lin Jianqiang , Stan Liliana , Divan Ralu , Ocola Leonidas E. , Rosenmann Daniel , Choudhury Pabitra , Ni Kai , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S. , Datta Suman , Guha Supratik
Published: April 2018

Comprehensive criterion for electrode metal selection applicable to cationic filamentary devices enables a CMOS compatible Sn-based resistive switching memory.
A three-dimensional reticulate CNT-aerogel for a high mechanical flexibility fiber supercapacitor
Authors: Li Yong , Kang Zhuo , Yan Xiaoqin , Cao Shiyao , Li Minghua , Guo Yan , Huan Yahuan , Wen Xiaosong , Zhang Yue
Published: April 2018

A three-dimensional reticulate CNT-aerogel for a high mechanical flexibility fiber supercapacitor.
Candida rugosa lipase covalently immobilized on facilely-synthesized carbon nitride nanosheets as a novel biocatalyst
Authors: Li Ya , Ruan Zhijun , Zheng Mingming , Deng Qianchun , Zhang Shan , Zheng Chang , Tang Hu , Huang Fenghong , Shi Jie
Published: April 2018

We report a rational design and fabrication of immobilized Candida rugosa lipase based on carbon nitride nanosheets (C3N4-NS) as the matrix. .
Structures and properties of Mg0.95Mn0.01TM0.04O (TM = Co, Ni, and Cu) nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel auto combustion technique
Authors: Dar M. A. , Varshney Dinesh
Published: April 2018

The room temperature structural, optical and dielectric properties of Mg0.95Mn0.05O and Mg0.95Mn0.01TM0.04O (TM = Co, Ni, and Cu) nanoparticles are reported.
A detailed atomistic molecular simulation study on adsorption-based separation of CO2 using a porous coordination polymer
Authors: Zarabadi-Poor Pezhman , Rocha-Rinza Tomás
Published: April 2018

We examined a new pillared-layered Co-nitroimidazolate dicarboxylate porous coordination polymer for potential use in adsorption-based CO2 capture
Dual-sensitive chitosan derivative micelles for site-specific drug release in the treatment of chicken coccidiosis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Xu Gujun , Gadora Khalid , Cheng Hao , Peng Jin , Ma Yong , Guo Yang , Chi Cheng , Zhou Jianping , Ding Yang
Published: April 2018

Here, we report a “dual-sensitive” drug delivery platform packaged with anti-coccidia drug diclazuril (DIC) applied in the field of intestinal-targeted administration.
Computer-aided design of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for solid-phase extraction and determination of levetiracetam in human plasma
Authors: Attallah Olivia A. , Al-Ghobashy Medhat A. , Ayoub Ahmed Taha , Tuszynski Jack Adam , Nebsen Marianne
Published: April 2018

A novel molecularly imprinted polymer on Fe3O4nanoparticles was applied to extract antiepileptic drug; levetiracetam from plasma for TDM purposes.
Correction: A high energy density asymmetric supercapacitor utilizing a nickel phosphate/graphene foam composite as the cathode and carbonized iron cations adsorbed onto polyaniline as the anode
Authors: Mirghni A. A. , Madito M. J. , Oyedotun K. O. , Masikhwa T. M. , Ndiaye N. M. , Ray Sekhar C. , Manyala N.
Published: April 2018

Correction for ‘A high energy density asymmetric supercapacitor utilizing a nickel phosphate/graphene foam composite as the cathode and carbonized iron cations adsorbed onto polyaniline as the anode’ by A. A. Mirghni et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 11608–11621.
Unraveling the structural properties and reactivity trends of Cu–Ni bimetallic nanoalloy catalysts for biomass-derived levulinic acid hydrogenation
Authors: Pendem Saikiran , Mondal Indranil , Shrotri Abhijit , Rao Bolla Srinivasa , Lingaiah Nakka , Mondal John
Published: April 2018

Cu–Ni bimetallic nanoalloys as-prepared by an impregnation method exhibited superior catalytic activity with improved stability for levulinic acid hydrogenation to γ-valerolactone.
Structure formation in soft nanocolloids: liquid-drop model
Authors: Doukas A.-K. , Likos C. N. , Ziherl P.
Published: April 2018

Using a model where soft nanocolloids such as spherical polymer brushes and star polymers are viewed as compressible liquid drops, we theoretically explore interactions between such particles and the ordered structures that they form.
Newtonian to non-newtonian fluid transition of a model transient network
Authors: Nava Giovanni , Yang Tie , Vitali Valerio , Minzioni Paolo , Cristiani Ilaria , Bragheri Francesca , Osellame Roberto , Bethge Lucas , Klussmann Sven , Paraboschi Elvezia Maria , Asselta Rosanna , Bellini Tommaso
Published: April 2018

By using a model DNA hydrogel we show that the onset of non-Newtonian behavior can be fully understood on the basis of the connectivity of the network and the bond energy.
A non-fullerene all small molecule solar cell constructed with a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based acceptor having a power conversion efficiency higher than 9% and an energy loss of 0.54 eV
Authors: Privado María , de la Cruz Pilar , Biswas Subhayan , Singhal Rahul , Sharma Ganesh D. , Langa Fernando
Published: April 2018

A non-fullerene all small molecule solar cell constructed with a new diketopyrrolopyrrole-based acceptor shows an efficiency of 9.14% and energy loss of 0.54 eV.
Tuning the emission spectrum of highly stable cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals through poly(lactic acid)-assisted anion-exchange reactions
Authors: Rao Longshi , Tang Yong , Yan Caiman , Li Jiasheng , Zhong Guisheng , Tang Kairui , Yu Binhai , Li Zongtao , Zhang Jin Z.
Published: April 2018

Emission tunable CsPbX3 NCs with high QY and stability were synthesized via PLA-assisted anion-exchange reactions.
Three-dimensional helical inorganic thermoelectric generators and photodetectors for stretchable and wearable electronic devices
Authors: Xu Xiaojie , Zuo Yong , Cai Sa , Tao Xin , Zhang Zhiming , Zhou Xufeng , He Sisi , Fang Xiaosheng , Peng Huisheng
Published: April 2018

Three-dimensional helical inorganic wearable thermoelectric generators with high performances are created via a novel and versatile “top-down” method.
Progress towards platform chemical production using Clostridium autoethanogenum
Authors: Norman Rupert O.J. , Millat Thomas , Winzer Klaus , Minton Nigel P. , Hodgman Charlie
Published: April 2018

Since 2013, there has been an explosion in the number of research articles published on Clostridium autoethanogenum, an acetogen capable of producing platform chemicals such as ethanol and 2,3-butanediol from greenhouse gases. However, no review focusing solely on C. autoethanogenum has appeared in the literature. This review outlines the research conducted into this organism in three broad categories (Enzymology, Genetics, and Systems Biology) and suggestions for future research are offered.
Molecular mechanisms involved in plant photoprotection
Authors: Pinnola Alberta , Bassi Roberto
Published: April 2018

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into biomass and oxygen. When in excess, light can be dangerous for the photosynthetic apparatus because it can cause photo-oxidative damage and decreases the efficiency of photosynthesis because of photoinhibition. Plants have evolved many photoprotective mechanisms in order to face reactive oxygen species production and thus avoid photoinhibition. These mechanisms include quenching of singlet and triplet excited states of chlorophyll, synthesis of antioxidant molecules and enzymes and repair processes for damaged photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers. This review focuses on the mechanisms involved in photoprotection of chloroplasts through dissipation of energy absorbed in excess.
ESCRT-mediated sorting and intralumenal vesicle concatenation in plants
Authors: Otegui Marisa S.
Published: April 2018

The degradation of plasma membrane and other membrane-associated proteins require their sorting at endosomes for delivery to the vacuole. Through the endocytic pathway, ubiquitinated membrane proteins (cargo) are delivered to endosomes where the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery sorts them into intralumenal vesicles for degradation. Plants contain both conserved and plant-specific ESCRT subunits. In this review, I discuss the role of characterized plant ESCRT components, the evolutionary diversification of the plant ESCRT machinery, and a recent study showing that endosomal intralumenal vesicles form in clusters of concatenated vesicle buds by temporally uncoupling membrane constriction from membrane fission.
Drivers of persistent infection: pathogen-induced extracellular vesicles
Authors: Cipriano Michael J. , Hajduk Stephen L.
Published: April 2018

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by invading pathogens and also by host cells in response to infection. The origin, composition, and function of EVs made during infection are diverse and provide effective vehicles for localized and broad dissimilation of effector molecules in the infected host. Extracellular pathogens use EVs to communicate with each other by sensing the host environment contributing to social motility, tissue tropism, and persistence of infection. Pathogen-derived EVs can also interact with host cells to influence the adhesive properties of host membranes and to alter immune recognition and response. Intracellular pathogens can affect both the protein and RNA content of EVs produced by infected host cells. Release of pathogen-induced host EVs can affect host immune responses to infection. In this review, we will describe both the biogenesis and content of EVs produced by a number of diverse pathogens. In addition, we will examine the pathogen-induced changes to EVs produced by infected host cells.
Over 300 GHz bandwidth UTC‐PD module with 600 GHz band rectangular‐waveguide output
Authors: Kurokawa T. , Ishibashi T. , Shimizu M. , Kato K. , Nagatsuma T.
Published: April 2018

A hollow‐waveguide‐output uni‐travelling‐carrier photodiode (UTC‐PD) module operating at frequencies from 400 to 900 GHz has been developed. The module consists of a UTC‐PD, a photodiode‐to‐waveguide coupler, and a metallic package with a waveguide rectangular (WR)‐1.5 rectangular waveguide. The coupler is monolithically integrated with the UTC‐PD chip. The fabricated module exhibits the output power as high as −19 dBm at 500 GHz and the 3 dB bandwidth of 340 GHz, which is the widest among ever‐reported photodiode modules.
Approach for modelling of broadband low‐voltage PLC channels using graph theory
Authors: Zhao Xiongwen , Zhang Hui , Lu Wenbing , Li Liang
Published: April 2018

Broadband power line is an important way of communication in low‐voltage distribution networks because a power line is everywhere nowadays. However, due to the heterogeneity of a practical power‐line network and various loads connected to its termination points, modelling and simulation of power‐line communication (PLC) channels are difficult and complicated issues. In this work, the authors propose a novel PLC channel modelling approach using graph theory for the first time when knowing the power‐line network topologies and cable distributed parameters. The approach utilises simple and effective recursive operations in solving the k‐shortest paths to estimate the channel transfer function for a specific power‐line network, it overcomes the complicated analytical derivation in computing the channel transfer function by the traditional two‐port network in the bottom‐up model and avoids to measure the actual channel in a top‐down model. Their proposed approach is validated by transmission‐line (TL) theory as well as measurement results, and it is also compared with TL theory. The results show that their proposed PLC channel modelling approach herein is simple to be implemented, it is expected to have extensive applications in broadband PLC systems for performance evaluations.
Impact of error control code on characteristic distance in wireless underground sensor networks
Authors: Chowdhury Sultan Mahmood , Hossain Ashraf
Published: April 2018

Wireless underground sensor network (WUSN) is a promising application area. However, the challenges in designing an energy efficient and reliable WUSN are different from the terrestrial wireless sensor network (WSN). The main reason for this is the medium of propagation which is soil in case of WUSN instead of air. Characteristic distance is an important parameter for designing an energy efficient network where nodes are energy constrained. Impact of error control code (ECC) on characteristic distance in WUSN is discussed considering both electromagnetic (EM) wave and magnetic induction (MI) as the propagating signal. From the simulation results, it is evident that the values of characteristic distance in WUSN are significantly lower in comparison to the terrestrial WSN. The results also show that MI‐based system has longer characteristic distance than an EM wave‐based system. Similar to terrestrial WSN, the characteristic distance in WUSN can be increased with the use of suitable ECC if decoding is performed at all the intermediate nodes.
Iterative adaptive approach to interference covariance matrix reconstruction for robust adaptive beamforming
Authors: Meng Zhen , Shen Feng , Zhou Weidong
Published: April 2018

It is well known that adaptive beamforming methods are susceptible to performance losses in the presence of model mismatches, especially when the training sample is contaminated by the desired signal. Here, in order to thoroughly remove the desired signal from the sample covariance matrix, the authors propose an iterative adaptive approach based on angular sector reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct the interference‐plus‐noise covariance matrix (INCM). Traditional INCM reconstruction methods are based on the Capon spectrum estimator to obtain the spatial power spectrum. However, the Capon spectrum cannot provide accurate power estimates because it is known to be sensitive to the array calibration error. Inspired by the excellent behaviour of the IAA algorithm, the authors use the IAA spectrum to obtain accurate power estimates which can be used to reconstruct the interference covariance matrix and revise the desired signal steering vector. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed robust adaptive beamformer outperforms previous works and the output signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratios are close to the optimal values.
Thermal evolution and sintering of chondritic planetesimals
Authors: Gail Hans-Peter , Trieloff Mario
Published: April 2018

Context. Understanding the compaction and differentiation of the planetesimals that formed during the initial phases of our solar system and the protoplanets from the asteroid belt and the terrestrial planet region of the solar system requires a reliable modelling of their internal thermal evolution. An important ingredient for this is a detailed knowledge of the heat conductivity, K, of the chondritic mixture of materials from which planetesimals are formed. The dependence of K on the composition and structure of the material was studied in the previous study of this series. For the second important aspect, the dependence of K on temperature, laboratory investigations on a number of meteorites exist concerning the temperature variation of K, but no explanation for the observed variation has been given yet.

Aims. We evaluate the temperature dependence of the heat conductivity of the solid chondritic material from the properties of its mixture components from a theoretical model. This allows us to predict the temperature-dependent heat conductivity for the full range of observed meteoritic compositions and also for possible other compositions.

Methods. Published results on the temperature dependence of the heat conductivity of the mineral components found in chondritic material are fitted to the model of Callaway for heat conductivity in solids by phonons. For the Ni, Fe-alloy, published laboratory data are used. The heat conductivity of chondritic material then is calculated by means of mixing rules. The role of micro-cracks is studied, which increase the importance of wall scattering for phonon-based heat conductivity.

Results. Our model is applied to published data on the heat conductivity of individual chondrites. The general trends for the dependency of K on temperature found in laboratory experiments can largely be reproduced for the set of meteorites if the heat conductivity is calculated for a given composition from the properties of its constituents. It is found that micro-cracks have a significant impact on the temperature dependence of K because of their reduction of phonon scattering length.
Particle accretion onto planets in discs with hydrodynamic turbulence
Authors: Picogna Giovanni , Stoll Moritz H. R. , Kley Wilhelm
Published: April 2018

The growth process of protoplanets can be sped up by accreting a large number of solid, pebble-sized objects that are still present in the protoplanetary disc. It is still an open question on how efficient this process works in realistic turbulent discs. We investigate the accretion of pebbles in turbulent discs that are driven by the purely hydrodynamical vertical shear instability (VSI). For this purpose, we performed global 3D simulations of locally isothermal, VSI turbulent discs that have embedded protoplanetary cores from 5 to 100 M⊕, which are placed at 5.2 au distance from the star. In addition, we followed the evolution of a swarm of embedded pebbles of different sizes under the action of drag forces between gas and particles in this turbulent flow. Simultaneously, we performed a set of comparison simulations for laminar viscous discs where the particles experience stochastic kicks. For both cases, we measured the accretion rate onto the cores as a function of core mass and Stokes number (τs) of the particles and compared these values to recent magneto-rotational instability (MRI) turbulence simulations. Overall the dynamic is very similar for the particles in the VSI turbulent disc and the laminar case with stochastic kicks. For small mass planets (i.e. 5–10 M⊕), well-coupled particles with τs = 1, which have a size of about 1 m at this location, we find an accretion efficiency (rate of particles accreted over drifting inwards) of about 1.6−3%. For smaller and larger particles, this efficiency is higher. However, the fast inwards drift for τs = 1 particles makes them the most effective for rapid growth, leading to mass doubling times of about 20 000 yr. For masses between 10 and 30 M⊕ the core reaches the pebble isolation mass and the particles are trapped at the pressure maximum just outside of the planet, shutting off further particle accretion.
A multiscale method for semi-linear elliptic equations with localized uncertainties and non-linearities
Authors: Nouy Anthony , Pled Florent
Published: April 2018

A multiscale numerical method is proposed for the solution of semi-linear elliptic stochastic partial differential equations with localized uncertainties and non-linearities, the uncertainties being modeled by a set of random parameters. It relies on a domain decomposition method which introduces several subdomains of interest (called patches) containing the different sources of uncertainties and non-linearities. An iterative algorithm is then introduced, which requires the solution of a sequence of linear global problems (with deterministic operators and uncertain right-hand sides), and non-linear local problems (with uncertain operators and/or right-hand sides) over the patches. Non-linear local problems are solved using an adaptive sampling-based least-squares method for the construction of sparse polynomial approximations of local solutions as functions of the random parameters. Consistency, convergence and robustness of the algorithm are proved under general assumptions on the semi-linear elliptic operator. A convergence acceleration technique (Aitken’s dynamic relaxation) is also introduced to speed up the convergence of the algorithm. The performances of the proposed method are illustrated through numerical experiments carried out on a stationary non-linear diffusion-reaction problem.
Outgoing wave conditions in photonic crystals and transmission properties at interfaces
Authors: Lamacz A. , Schweizer B.
Published: April 2018

We analyze the propagation of waves in unbounded photonic crystals. Waves are described by a Helmholtz equation with x-dependent coefficients, the scattering problem must be completed with a radiation condition at infinity. We develop an outgoing wave condition with the help of a Bloch wave expansion. Our radiation condition admits a uniqueness result, formulated in terms of the Bloch measure of solutions. We use the new radiation condition to analyze the transmission problem where, at fixed frequency, a wave hits the interface between free space and a photonic crystal. We show that the vertical wave number of the incident wave is a conserved quantity. Together with the frequency condition for the transmitted wave, this condition leads (for appropriate photonic crystals) to the effect of negative refraction at the interface.
A new technique for observationally derived boundary conditions for space weather
Authors: Pagano Paolo , Mackay Duncan Hendry , Yeates Anthony Robinson
Published: April 2018

Context. In recent years, space weather research has focused on developing modelling techniques to predict the arrival time and properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at the Earth. The aim of this paper is to propose a new modelling technique suitable for the next generation of Space Weather predictive tools that is both efficient and accurate. The aim of the new approach is to provide interplanetary space weather forecasting models with accurate time dependent boundary conditions of erupting magnetic flux ropes in the upper solar corona.

Methods. To produce boundary conditions, we couple two different modelling techniques, MHD simulations and a quasi-static non-potential evolution model. Both are applied on a spatial domain that covers the entire solar surface, although they extend over a different radial distance. The non-potential model uses a time series of observed synoptic magnetograms to drive the non-potential quasi-static evolution of the coronal magnetic field. This allows us to follow the formation and loss of equilibrium of magnetic flux ropes. Following this a MHD simulation captures the dynamic evolution of the erupting flux rope, when it is ejected into interplanetary space.

Results.The present paper focuses on the MHD simulations that follow the ejection of magnetic flux ropes to 4 R⊙. We first propose a technique for specifying the pre-eruptive plasma properties in the corona. Next, time dependent MHD simulations describe the ejection of two magnetic flux ropes, that produce time dependent boundary conditions for the magnetic field and plasma at 4 R⊙ that in future may be applied to interplanetary space weather prediction models.

Conclusions. In the present paper, we show that the dual use of quasi-static non-potential magnetic field simulations and full time dependent MHD simulations can produce realistic inhomogeneous boundary conditions for space weather forecasting tools. Before a fully operational model can be produced there are a number of technical and scientific challenges that still need to be addressed. Nevertheless, we illustrate that coupling quasi-static and MHD simulations in this way can significantly reduce the computational time required to produce realistic space weather boundary conditions.
VO2max Testing in Trail Runners: Is There a Specific Exercise Test Protocol?
Authors: Scheer Volker , Ramme Katharina , Reinsberger Claus , Heitkamp Hans-Christian
Published: April 2018

Trail running places specific physiological demands on the human body due to its uphill and downhill running sections. We developed and investigated a more sport-specific trail exercise test protocol (inclination and speed incremental protocol), and compared it to two standard exercise test protocols (horizontal step and ramp protocol) in thirteen highly trained trail runners (age 31±6 years, height 179±6.4 cm, weight 69.2±7.9 kg, BMI 21.6±2.1 kg/m2). The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) measured during the trail test (62.5±5.9 ml·kg−1·min−1, [95% CI: 59.0-66.1]) was significantly higher compared to both the step test (60.1±5.3 ml·kg−1·min−1, [95% CI: 56.8-63.3], p=0.024) and the ramp test (59.7±5.5 ml·kg−1·min−1, [95% CI: 56.4-63.0], p=0.028). Time to task failure was significantly shorter in the trail test (557±73 s, [95% CI: 512-601]) compared to both the step test (1378±152 s, [95% CI: 1286-1470], p<0.001) and the ramp test (605±95, [95% CI: 547-662], p<0.001). Other physiological measurements obtained were similar. The trail test was the preferred choice in our group of trail runners. This study supports the implementation of the trail test in practice, and recommends that its validity be evaluated further.
Arbeitsbedingungen und psychische Gesundheit bei sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigten Ärzten: Ein bundesweiter Vergleich mit einer repräsentativen Beschäftigtenstichprobe
Authors: Rose Uwe , Müller Grit , Freude Gabriele , Kersten Norbert
Published: April 2018

Ziel der Studie Unterscheiden sich angestellte Ärzte von anderen sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten in der Höhe der Arbeitsbelastungen und Fehlbeanspruchungen sowie deren Assoziation? Diesen Fragen geht die vorliegende Studie durch einen Vergleich zweier repräsentativer Stichproben nach.

Methodik Im Rahmen computergestützter Interviews wurden psychosoziale Belastungen erfasst und durch Fragen zu Burnout und depressiven Symptomen ergänzt. Die Zusammenhangsanalysen erfolgten über lineare Regressionsanalysen, in denen berufsgruppenspezifische Unterschiede als Interaktionseffekte mit einbezogen wurden.

Ergebnisse Der Summenwert für die Erfassung der depressiven Symptomatik war bei Ärzten und Ärztinnen geringer als in den Vergleichsgruppen. Bei den Ärzten lagen zudem höhere Burnoutwerte vor. Quantitative Arbeitsanforderungen und Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit gingen mit der Erhöhung der Skalenwerte für Burnout und depressive Symptomatik einher. Beiträge zur Verringerung beider Skalenwerte lieferten eine höhere Führungsqualität, Rollenklarheit und ein höherer Entscheidungsspielraum. Weitere Effekte waren für Wochenarbeitszeit (Frauen) und Anzahl der Nachtschichten (Männer) nachweisbar. Der moderierende Einfluss der Berufsgruppe zeigt sich bei quantitativen Anforderungen und Entscheidungsspielraum.

Schlussfolgerung Die untersuchten Arbeitsbedingungen sind in den Vergleichsgruppen in ähnlicher Weise mit den Indikatoren der psychischen Gesundheit assoziiert. Höhere Arbeitsbelastungen und Burnout-Werte liegen bei den Ärzten vor, jedoch keine Hinweise auf eine stärkere depressive Symptomatik.
Ambulante Notfallversorgung von Pflegeheimbewohner: Ein Status Quo aus pflegerischer Sicht
Authors: Bleckwenn Markus , Bell Linnea , Schnakenberg Rieke , Weckbecker Klaus , Klaschik Manuela
Published: April 2018

Ziel der Studie Derzeit sind in Deutschland ca. 2 Mio. Menschen pflegebedürftig, etwa 1/3 davon lebt in Alten- oder Pflegeheimen. Die ambulante Notfallversorgung von Heimbewohnern wird von Hausärzten, dem ärztlichen Bereitschaftsdienst und dem Rettungsdienst sichergestellt. Bisher wurde diese Notfallversorgung nur selten aus Sicht der Pflegenden überprüft. Daher haben wir in unserer Studie untersucht, wie die Pflegekräfte die ärztliche Versorgung bei medizinischen Notfällen empfinden und welche Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten sie sehen.

Methodik Zur Datenerhebung wurden im Jahr 2015/16 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit insgesamt 13 Altenpflegerinnen und einem Altenpfleger im nördlichen Rheinland-Pfalz durchgeführt. Die Interviews wurden digital aufgezeichnet und wörtlich transkribiert. Die Auswertung erfolgte nach der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring mit MAXQDA® 12.

Ergebnisse Bei einer akuten Verschlechterung des Allgemeinzustandes eines Heimbewohners wird zunächst der zuständige Hausarzt angefordert. Dabei ist es für die Pflegekräfte schwierig, den zuständigen Hausarzt während der laufenden Sprechstunde zu erreichen. Die Qualität der Notfallversorgung ist vor allem von der jeweiligen Praxisstruktur abhängig. Außerhalb der Praxisöffnungszeiten übernimmt der ärztliche Bereitschaftsdienst die Notfallversorgung. Die Dienstärzte kennen die Patienten nicht, was aus Sicht der Pflege für die Bewohner eine Belastung ist, da sie sich immer wieder auf neue Ärzte einstellen müssen. Zum anderen haben die Bereitschaftsärzte lange Anfahrtswege, was zu entsprechenden Verzögerungen, auch im Notfall führt. Einige Pflegekräfte wünschten sich das „alte System“ zurück, bei dem die heimversorgenden Hausärzte auch am Wochenende telefonisch erreichbar waren. Insgesamt bestand der Wunsch nach einer besseren Versorgung der Heimbewohner.

Schlussfolgerung Hausärzte sind für das Pflegepersonal die wichtigsten Ansprechpartner in medizinischen Notfällen. Jedoch sind die meisten Hausärzte nur zeitlich begrenzt erreichbar. Aus Sicht der Pflege wäre es sinnvoll, Anreize für die Hausärzte zu schaffen, für Notfälle auch außerhalb der Praxisöffnungszeiten zur Verfügung zu stehen.
Development of pH-Dependent Nanospheres for Nebulisation- In vitro Diffusion, Aerodynamic and Cytotoxicity Studies
Authors: Ige Pradum , Pardeshi Sagar , Sonawane Raju
Published: April 2018

The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro performance of nebulized nanosuspension formulation when nebulized using ultrasonic nebulizer. The present investigation deals with successful formulation of Beclomethasone dipropionate loaded HPMCP nanospheres prepared by solvent evaporation technique using PEG 400 as a stabilizer. Beclomethasone dipropionate is a water insoluble drug molecule was encapsulated in HPMCP nanospheres to have pH dependent solubility at basic pH for targeted drug delivery in lung and studied for in vitro cytotoxicity and immediate release capability. The synthesized nanospheres were characterized through drug excipient compatibility, surface topography; mean particle size , zeta potential, PDI, entrapment efficiency and drug loading, in vitro diffusion, aerodynamic, in vitro cytotoxicity and stability studies. The mean particle size and PDI of the optimized batch (F1) had 197.6±0.40 nm and 0.324 ±0.35, respectively. The % entrapment efficiency and % drug loading was found to be 86.56±1.32 and 8.30±0.27, respectively. The optimized batch F1 showed % cumulative drug release 94.77±0.24 at 1 h. The formulation showed cell viability up to 91.28%. It can be concluded that, Beclomethasone dipropionate loaded HPMCP nanospheres was found to be safe, stable with significant increase in solubility and bypass the liver.
Suizide während psychiatrischen Hospitalisationen
Authors: Ruff Flavian , Hemmer Alexander , Bartsch Christine , Glasow Nadine , Reisch Thomas
Published: April 2018

Ziel Analyse von Suiziden während psychiatrischer Hospitalisationen innerhalb und außerhalb einer psychiatrischen Klinik.

Methodik Detailanalyse von 436 Suiziden stationärer Patienten in der Schweiz im Zeitraum 2000 – 2010.

Ergebnisse Ein Drittel der Suizide ereignete sich in der psychiatrischen Klinik, am häufigsten durch Sprung in die Tiefe (ab dem ersten Stock), Erhängen und Intoxikation. Außerhalb der Klinik erfolgten die Suizide durch Überfahrenwerden von einem Zug, Sprung in die Tiefe und Ertrinken.

Schlussfolgerung Suizidprävention in psychiatrischen Kliniken sollte besonders auf diese 5 Methoden abzielen. Maßnahmen müssen den Besonderheiten von Kliniksuiziden angepasst werden. Sprungsuizide sollten ab dem ersten Stock verunmöglicht werden.
Die Rolle von Kortikosteroiden bei Traumata des Myelons und der peripheren Nerven – Pathophysiologie und experimentelle Ergebnisse
Authors: Müller Christian
Published: April 2018

Traumatische Verletzungen des Rückenmarkes und peripherer Nerven sind medizinisch komplexe Zustände, die das gesamte Leben verändern. Der pathophysiologische und molekularpathologische Erkenntnisgewinn über Schädigungsmechanismen nach einer Rückenmarkverletzung (SCI) und einer peripheren Nervenverletzung (PNI) haben zu neuen Therapieansätzen geführt. Es konnten bereits ermutigende tierexperimentelle Ergebnisse mit dem Einsatz unterschiedlicher Kortikosteroide gezeigt werden. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll über die pathophysiologischen Grundlagen der SCI und PNI informieren und die Rolle von Kortikosteroiden, als mögliches beeinflussendes Agens, im Rahmen der Krankheitsbilder beleuchten.
Videothorakoskopisches Sympathikus-Clipping bei einem Patienten mit Lobus venae azygos. Intraoperatives Management zur Vermeidung von potenziellen Komplikationen
Authors: Schreiner Waldemar , Mykoliuk Iurii , Dudek Wojciech , Sirbu Horia
Published: April 2018

Einführung Sympathikus-Clipping bei vorliegendem Lobus venae azygos ist eine seltene Kombination. Aufgrund der engen anatomischen Beziehung zwischen dem Truncus sympathicus und dem Mesoazygosnetz kann das chirurgische Handling erschwert und mit potenziellen Komplikationen assoziiert sein.

Indikation In unserem Fall handelt es sich um eine 25-jährige Patientin mit einer therapierefraktären palmoplantaren und axillären Hyperhidrosesymptomatik Schweregrad III und einem als Zufallsbefund präoperativ röntgenologisch diagnostizierten Lobus venae azygos.

Methode Unser intraoperatives Video zeigt ein schrittweises Vorgehen bei Vorliegen eines Lobus venae azygos kombiniert mit einem endoskopischen Anschlingen und einer präzisen Clip-Applikation am Truncus sympathicus sowie die videoassistierte Reposition mit vollständiger Expansion des akzessorischen Lungenlappens zur Vermeidung von potenziellen Komplikationen.

Fazit Das videothorakoskopische Sympathikus-Clipping ist bei Patienten mit vorhandenem Lobus venae azygos technisch anspruchsvoll. Potenzielle Risiken lassen sich sicher durch ein koordiniertes chirurgisches Management vermeiden.
Stochastic multiresonance in coupled excitable FHN neurons
Authors: Li Huiyan , Sun Xiaojuan , Xiao Jinghua
Published: April 2018

In this paper, effects of noise on Watts-Strogatz small-world neuronal networks, which are stimulated by a subthreshold signal, have been investigated. With the numerical simulations, it is surprisingly found that there exist several optimal noise intensities at which the subthreshold signal can be detected efficiently. This indicates the occurrence of stochastic multiresonance in the studied neuronal networks. Moreover, it is revealed that the occurrence of stochastic multiresonance has close relationship with the period of subthreshold signal Te and the noise-induced mean period of the neuronal networks T0. In detail, we find that noise could induce the neuronal networks to generate stochastic resonance for M times if Te is not very large and falls into the interval (M×T0,(M+1)×T0) with M being a positive integer. In real neuronal system, subthreshold signal detection is very meaningful. Thus, the obtained results in this paper could give some important implications on detecting subthreshold signal and propagating neuronal information in neuronal systems.
Qualitative cost-conscious control of combined energy sources in a residential building
Authors: Taebnia Mehdi , Pakanen Jouko
Published: April 2018

Nowadays, heating power for buildings is often produced by on-site renewable energy sources. However, such sources typically cover only part of the energy demand of the building. Thus, electricity supply from the grid is necessary although it is usually the only necessary external energy source. Cost-effective utilization of electricity requires not only reduction in the share of electricity from the grid but also comprehensive control of all on-site energy systems. In this paper, such a control method is presented. The control procedure takes into consideration fluctuations in the price of electricity, environmental conditions, the thermal mass of the building, and energy storage. The study aims to reduce energy costs by flattening the electricity load's profile and switching the energy systems on and off at predetermined times according to a qualitative control procedure. Thermal and electricity loads are either forwarded or delayed in response to variations in the electricity price but maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. The control method is verified in a simulated residential building using weather data from Helsinki, Finland. The building includes a geothermal heat pump, a solar collector, and an electric heater as energy sources and a hot water tank for thermal storage. The main thermal loads consist of space heating and domestic hot water. The results of a full-year simulation are compared with those of a conventional method with no price-responsive features. The results indicate that load shifting is successful, especially during the cold season. The control method adapts correctly to large and abrupt scheduled loads. Although this method reduces electricity consumption by only 2%, the yearly cost of electricity is decreased by 11.6%.
A comprehensive review on soft computing and signal processing techniques in feature extraction and classification of power quality problems
Authors: Ray Papia , Budumuru Ganesh Kumar , Mohanty Biplab Kumar
Published: April 2018

Power quality (PQ) is the interface of electrical power with electrical equipment. The distribution of power supply constantly at high quality to the consumers is predicted by the electrical power systems. The enormous increase in sensitive loads, power electronic devices, nonlinear loads, and incorporation of nonconventional energy sources like solar and wind energy to the electrical power grid is one of the most important sources of PQ events. The identification of PQ events by analyzing distortion of voltage and current waveform is a very important task for power system monitoring. The expansion of novel methods to classify the PQ issues is now a most important concern. This article gives a broad review on the applications of signal processing techniques and soft computing methods used to extract the features and for optimal feature selection of PQ events. This paper helps to motivate and guide the researchers towards the solutions to a problem in the area of PQ assessment.