bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apoyo social de familia, profesorado y amigos, ajuste escolar y bienestar subjetivo en adolescentes peruanos
Authors:   Universidad de Valencia, España, Gutiérrez Melchor , Tomás José M. ,   Universidad de Valencia, España, Pastor Ana María ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú, Perú
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La psicología positiva ha señalado la importancia del bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes, por ser un precursor del desarrollo positivo de los jóvenes. La investigación resalta la importancia del apoyo social percibido y el ajuste escolar como determinantes del bienestar adolescente. Por ello, este artículo tiene como finalidad analizar las relaciones de la percepción de apoyo social (de familia, profesorado, amigos) con el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes, mediado por su ajuste escolar. Método: Participaron 1035 estudiantes peruanos de educación secundaria, con edades entre 12 y 16 años. Se probaron dos modelos teóricos con variables latentes, uno con mediación total y otro con mediación parcial. Resultados: Los resultados del modelo final mostraron una alta capacidad predictiva del apoyo social sobre el ajuste escolar y de este sobre el bienestar de los adolescentes. Además, se encontró un potente efecto del apoyo de la familia sobre el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes peruanos. Conclusión: Estos resultados contribuyen a resaltar que el bienestar subjetivo es un constructo central en el contexto de la psicología positiva y en el desarrollo positivo de los jóvenes, por lo que debería cultivarse más abundantemente en las escuelas.
Adaptability and stability of early carioca beans by mixed models
Authors: Lima Thalyson Vasconcelos , Santos Paulo Ricardo dos , Oliveira Tâmara Rebecca Albuquerque de , Nascimento Maxwel Rodrigues , Costa Kleyton Danilo da Silva , Costa Antônio Félix da , Silva Katiane da Rosa Gomes da , Oliveira Thiago Lívio Pessoa , Araújo Emmanuelle Rodrigues , Silva José Wilson da
Published: March 2021

The genotype x environment interaction represents one of the major selection challenges due to the difficulty in identifying effectively superior genotypes. The present study aimed at estimating genetic parameters and selecting genotypes of early Carioca beans by analyzing simultaneous attributes, including yield, adaptability, and stability. In the agricultural year of 2015 and 2016, three trials were conducted, using a randomized block design, with three repetitions each, in the Agreste and Sertao regions of Pernambuco State. The genetic parameters were estimated using the mixed model procedure, and the selection was based on the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genetic values (MHPRVG, abbreviation in Portuguese) method. The environments influenced the phenotypic expression of the bean genotypes during both years, setting a specific adaptation. The mean heritability of the genotypes regarding yield exhibited low magnitude values  in the trials of 2015 (5.78%) and 2016 (13.77%), indicating costly conditions for the selection of the improved genotypes. Genotype CNFC 15856 was selected, considering the genetic gain predicted for yield, by the average and specific performance in the three environments, and by the simultaneous attributes of yield, adaptability, and stability. The MHPRVG method enables the optimized selection of genotypes considering yield, stability, and adaptability; therefore, it should be included in the recommended selective criteria for agronomically superior genotypes in commercial plantations.
Rumos e tendências da Ortodontia em 2021
Authors: Almeida Marcio
Published: March 2021

Rumos e tendências da Ortodontia em 2021
Pros and Cons Controversy on Synchrotronic Biosensor Using Os–Pd/HfC Nanocomposite for Tracking, Monitoring, Imaging, Measuring, Diagnosing and Detecting Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors
Authors: Heidari Alireza
Published: March 2021

In the current paper, optimization of Tri Propyl Amine (TPrA) concentrations and Os–Pd/HfC nanocomposite as two main and effective materials in the intensity of synchrotron for tracking, monitoring, imaging, measuring, diagnosing and detecting cancer cells are considered so that the highest sensitivity obtains. In this regard, various concentrations of two materials were prepared and photon emission was investigated in the absence of cancer cells.Keywords: Synchrotronic Biosensor, Os–Pd/HfC Nanocomposite, Photomultiplier, Hafnium(IV) Carbide (HfC) Nanoparticles, Tracking, Monitoring, Imaging, Measuring, Diagnosing, Detecting, Cancer Cells, Osmium bis(2,2'–bipyridine)chloride.
Quality of Tourism in World Heritage Sites: A Way towards Sustainability
Authors: NAIR Bipithalal Balakrishnan
Published: March 2021

Quality issues around tourism are indicators for tourism demand, destination development, the visitor’s experience; environmental quality; and community participation. However, the search for quality issues in the tourism industry has been developed further through a one-dimensional approach concentrating specific questions on certain areas of tourism. This study intends to envisage the paradigm of tourism quality as a tool for overall destination development. This research has adopted an interpretive approach to explore multiple viewpoints about the quality of tourism. The findings explore the visitor’s experience, the residents’ perceptions, local issues, and destination management issues associated with the group of monuments in Mahabalipuram. This study enhances tourism literature by offering a framework of quality of tourism, which can be used as a gap analysis tool to identify the core areas of required development. The study also provided implications for management.
Legal Regulation of the Agreement on Provision of Tourist Services during the Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: LYTVYN Stepan , ZINCHENKO Olena , BASARAB Olha , GONCHARUK Valentyna , ANDRUSIV Uliana , RYZHUK Iryna
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the content of legal instruments in terms of tourism business, namely the problems of legal regulation of the contract for the provision of tourist services. The analysis of the state of development of this problem shows that the issue of legal regulation of contractual relations in general and the contract in tourist services in general is insufficiently studied. This is due to various factors, including the fact that constant integration processes to the international community force Ukraine to adjust its domestic legislation in accordance with international requirements, but these measures are often inconsistent or incomplete, so there are many contradictions in modern Ukrainian civil law.

The author's vision of the content of the package of measures that can positively influence not only the development of the tourism industry in general, but primarily to help identify those legal segments that need improvement in the future.
Environmentally and Socially Oriented Investments on Sustainable Development of Rural Areas
Authors: ARANCHIY Valentyna , ZORIA Oleksii , YASNOLOB Ilona , ZORYA Svitlana , GORB Oleg , MYKOLENKO FInna , DYVNYCH Olha , CHUMAK Valentyna , BRAZHNYK Liudmyla
Published: March 2021

Theoretical, methodological, scientific, methodical and applied principles of managing environmentally and socially oriented investments in sustainable development of rural areas have been developed and substantiated in the article. The model of investment process of ecologically and socially oriented economy has been developed. The analysis of corresponding existing models of investment process enabled to specify the management model, which corresponds to the environmentally and socially oriented economics. The block scheme of the system of analyzing and evaluating the efficiency of investment processes of sustainable rural development has been made. The determined methodological provisions and specified concepts enabled to ground the system of complex analyzing and assessing the effectiveness of investment processes in sustainable development of rural areas, including the evaluation of economic, social and environmental efficiency of investment projects. The mechanism of sustainable rural development, comprising consolidated elements and connections, has been grounded. The ecological aspects of investment policy as a component of the economic mechanism of sustainable rural development have been systematized. It has been determined that attracting investments in environmentally and socially oriented investment projects and programs has to be based on strengthening the ecological aspects of investment policy as part of stimulating sub-system of the economic mechanism of sustainable rural development.
Tourism, Governance and Economic Growth in India
Authors: MISHRA P. K. , ROUT Himanshu B. , CHAINI S. R.
Published: March 2021

This research work studied the relationship between tourism, governance quality and economic growth in India. It has been argued that the contribution of tourism sector expansion to the real economic growth significantly depends on the quality of governance that is prevalent in the country. The study empirically supports the existence of tourism-led growth hypothesis in Indian context while business confidence, economic freedom and regulatory quality have positive influences, and government effectiveness and corruption control have negative impacts on the economic growth over the sample period. Therefore, the study recommends for promoting polices which ensure business confidence, economic freedom and regulatory quality in the country. It is also suggested that the policies which ensure government effectiveness and control corruption be revisited, reframed, if required, and implemented more stringently along with the polices for effective monitoring and assessment.
The Contribution of Tourism to Economic Growth: The Case of Qatar
Authors: OZTURK Ozcan , AL-KUWARI Maryam
Published: March 2021

Most of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries’ wealth was attributed to revenues generated from oil and gas exports. However, with the fluctuation of oil demand and prices, leaders of GCC countries acknowledged the importance of economic diversification to reduce their dependence on oil exportation and allow for revenue generation from non-energy sectors. As a result, GCC countries, including Qatar, have witnessed rapid development in the tourism sector. The Qatari government commenced several local and intra-regional development plans, which promised more inflow of tourists both from GCC countries and other countries. Yet, impacted by the GCC crisis, the total number of visitors to Qatar noticeably decreased. These changes raise unanswered questions on whether the investment in the tourism sector can create a sustainable non-energy source of revenue. Since little attention has been paid to this issue, this paper contributes to the current understanding of the issue by examining the contribution of tourism to economic growth in Qatar. Using annual data from 1995 to 2018 and employing an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the paper tested whether the Tourism-Led-Growth Hypothesis (TLGH) is valid for the case of Qatar. Results suggest that tourism does not have a statistically significant impact on economic growth in the short-run. However, it has a statistically significant impact in the long-run, such that every 10 percent increase in tourist visits causes a 3 percent increase in GDP growth. The results suggest that the investment efforts in the tourism sector should continue to stimulate economic growth and development and diversify the economy away from the energy sector.
More than learning English? The impact of university intensive English language program attendance on international student academic achievement
Authors: Clark Adam T. , Lippincott Dianna , Kim Jeongeun
Published: March 2021

This study frames intensive English language programs (IEPs) in institutions of higher education as potential vehicles for social justice among marginalized international students. In this study we examine the differences in academic achievement between international students who enter a university through an English proficiency test and those who pass through an IEP. We compared both populations through nearly 900 cases, out of a sample of 4888, who had similar language proficiency at the time of enrolling at a large research-intensive university in the Southwest of the United States. The results revealed great similarity between the populations of students indicating that as an intervention-style program, the IEP was successful in meeting the linguistic and academic needs of the students. The study also revealed potential implications for higher education policy in ensuring both program quality and benefit to students. The paper also raises issues of equity in terms of the lack of analysis in long-term outcomes for these types of programs compared to other interventions, the need for expansion of international student data collection by institutions of higher education and overall transparency in pre-university programs.
Hubungan Dukungan Sosial dengan Tingkat Stres pada Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan Perempuan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan
Authors: Fahmi Akhmad Yanuar
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Social support is expected to reduce stress on inmates. Previous study stated that social support has no relationship with the level of stress on female prisoners while other study mentioned that social support has a significant effect on reducing stress levels on inmates. Based on these phenomena, the researchers were interested in examining the relationship of social support with stress levels in female prisoners, to find out implicitly the relationship between social support with stress levels.Method: This study used a cross-sectional technique. The number of samples was 59 female inmates in a prison in West Java with purposive sampling technique. Data collection in this study used survey employing the DASS questionnaire sheet and Social Provisions Scale. The statistical test used to process data is the Rank Spearman SPSS 22 test for windows 7. This research has been conducted by the Ethics Institute of Stikes Banyuwangi.Results: The results of the study found that most of the fostered residents received less social support as many as 34 respondents and 25 respondents experienced mild stress levels. The result of statistical calculation of Spearmen Rank obtained correlation co-efficient value of -0.665 and sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 (<0.05), thus it means that there is a significant relationship between social support and the level of stress in female inmates.Conclusion: Female inmates who receive good social support will have a positive impact on their psychological i.e. not experiencing stress. Conversely, the less they get social support, the more they experience distress.
Efektivitas Kompres Hangat terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Punggung pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III
Authors: Amalia Ayu Restu , Erika Erika , Dewi Ari Pristiana
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Providing a warm feeling to a particular area of one of the lower backs using warm water and a jar generates warmth on parts of the body to reduce pain. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of warm compresses against back pain in third trimester pregnant women in a Public Health Center in Pekanbaru. Methods: The study used a quasi-experiment design with a non-equivalent control group research design employing a purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 30 respondents. The measuring instrument used is the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Statistical analysis used the dependent t-test and independent t-test. Results: Univariate analysis results showed that 90.0% of respondents were 20-35 years old, while the distribution of high school education level was 36.7%. The highest distribution of work as housewives was 43.3%, with the highest gravida status being multiparous was 50.0%. The majority of the Minang respondents were 40.0%. The highest gestational age was 30 weeks experienced by 23.3% respondents. The average pain intensity of the pretest experimental group was 4.53 and the posttest value was 3.07, with a difference of 146, while the control group pretest control group was 4.40 and posttest which was 4.07, there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test in the control group. The results of statistical analysis showed that p value = 0.001 <α (0.05), so it was found that the warm compress effectively reduces the intensity of back pain in third trimester pregnant women. The warm compress can be recommended as a complementary therapy for back pain.
Intervensi Non Farmakologi untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Tidur Postpartum: Kajian Literatur
Authors: Sari Ratrika , Anggorowati Anggorowati
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Post-partum mothers experience an inadequate sleep quality, either because of new roles or changes during postpartum. The use of drugs in the postpartum period requires consideration because it is risky for both mother and baby, so non-pharmacological interventions are safer alternative choices. During the postpartum period, the mother also carries out her own care so that non-pharmacological interventions are needed because they can be doing by self. This literature review aims to know the types of non-pharmacological interventions to improve the sleep quality of postpartum mothers. Methods: This literature review search uses the database of Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO using the keywords "sleep quality, postpartum, intervention, nonpharmacology". The review involves 12 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: The results of review founded some interventions including back massage, foot reflexology, auricular acupressure, pilates exercise, gymnastic aerobic, chamomile tea, lavender tea, orange peel essential oil, lavender aromatherapy, lavender cream, are significant nonpharmacological interventions to improving sleep quality in postpartum. Conclusion: The most improvement in sleep quality with foot reflexology so this intervention can be an option in nursing interventions in postpartum mother who experience sleep disorder.
Gambaran Penyesuaian Diri Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan pada Sebuah Lapas Wanita di Indonesia
Authors: Maghnina Zavelia Zuhriati , Andriany Megah
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Female inmates who newly admitted into prison has high stress level because   she need to adapt with the environmental conditions, individuals, and rules that applicated in prison. In Indonesia there are no research about female inmates adjusment. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of female inmates adjustment in a female prison in Indonesia based the domains in the PAQ questionnaire and comparing the situation with outside of the prison.Methods: This was a quantitative research with descriptive survey and cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used n this research was total sampling with 46 respondents with criteria newly admitted into prison for 1-3 months. The sample criteria are able to write and read and willing to participate in the study. The data were collected using PAQ questionnaire. Results: The results of this study show that dominant domain that worse in prisons compare with outside prisons was comfort and sleep problems. The most dominant problem that female inmates needs is sports, privacy, and sleep. The majority of female inmates have good friends while in prison, never feel prison as home, and all female inmate understand the rules in prison. Conclusion: Nurses should provide nursing care to improve female inmates’ self-adjustment in order to prevent mental health problems.
Implementasi Norma Internasional mengenai Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan di Indonesia
Authors: Yunazwardi Muhammad Iqbal , Nabila Aulia
Published: March 2021

Indonesia has ratified the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and guarantees freedom of religion or belief (FoR). However, violations of FoR in Indonesia remains occur after 2015. This paper analyses this issue using the concept of norms localization which assumes that the implementation of international norms is the main factor that affects Indonesia’s effort to implement the FoR. There is a gap between international norms, that is Article 18 of the ICCPR and the Indonesia’s positive law regulating FoR. In addition, the characteristics of religious demography and religious behaviour of Indonesian people affect the implementation of FoR. As a result, the implementation of the norms by local actors such as the National Commission of Human Rights (Komnas HAM) is diminished. This paper concludes that in implementing the norms the government interprets the social and political context at societal level. The government is oftently forced by certain groups so it could be the potential violator of the FoR regulations that has been agreed upon.
Dinamika Integrasi Lokal Warga Eks Timor Timur di Wilayah Pemukiman Pengungsi Kabupaten Kupang Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Maing Skolastika Genapang , Jatmika Sidik
Published: March 2021

This article examines the dynamics of the method local integration of ex-East Timorese residents in the refugee settlement area of Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province.The author uses the Functional Theory by Talcott Parsons and the Local Integration concept by UNHCR as set out in Refugee Convention 1951. While related to research method, the author uses qualitative methods with descriptive approaches and secondary data. The results showed that the implementation of local integration of ex-East Timorese was not as expected. This is due to obstacles in every level of the local integration process, both related to legality, economy and socio-culture. Social harmony between local residents and ex-refugees isn’t always become the commitment of the central and regional governments, but requires the role of the informal sector, especially local communities at refugee settlement areas. The process of local integration that is not going well can lead to social conflict in the community.
The Rasūlids and the Bountiful Sea: Marine Resources, State Control, and Maritime Culture in the Southern Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden (626/1229‒854/1454)
Authors: Margariti Roxani Eleni
Published: March 2021

Relying on textual, ethnographic, and environmental scholarship on Yemen and the comparative insights of research into fisheries in the premodern Mediterranean world, the present study surveys the types of marine resources that appear across a wide range of literary and documentary sources pertaining to Yemen during the reign of the Rasūlids from the early 7th/13th to the mid-9th/15th century. Although Rasūlid-generated texts pay relatively scant attention to fishing, they clearly demonstrate the interest of the Rasūlid state in both the subsistence and commercial economy that fishermen procured. Moreover, when combined with the testimony of travelers and chroniclers and of iconography on a series of Rasūlid coins from the port city of Aden, these sources shed light on the inclusion of fish in Yemeni non-elite and elite diets, the place and roles of fisherfolk in Yemeni society, the maritime symbolism current in Rasūlid times, and ultimately the relationship between shores and inland centers of Rasūlid power. In aggregate this material suggests that the Rasūlid state maintained a symbiotic political and cultural relationship with fishing communities, which had direct access to and the primary role in harvesting and processing the resources in question, yet remain in the shadows of recorded history.
What Money Is and Ought To Be
Authors: Dick David G.
Published: March 2021

Teleological thinking about money reasons from what money is for to both how it ought to be used and what forms it should take. One type, found in Aristotle’s argument against usury, takes teleological considerations alone to decisively settle normative questions. Another type, found in Locke’s argument about monetary durability, takes teleological considerations to contribute to the settling of normative questions, but sees them as one consideration among many. This paper endorses the type made by Locke while rejecting the type made by Aristotle, and identifies further teleological tendencies in the work of Adam Smith and other philosophers.
The influence of multimodal textualization in the conversion of semiotic representations in Italian primary school geometry textbooks
Authors: Canducci Michele , Rocci Andrea , Sbaragli Silvia
Published: March 2021

Starting from the corpus of the Swiss National Science Foundation (FNS) project Italmatica. Understanding Mathematics at school, between common language and specialized language (Italmatica. Comprendere la matematica a scuola, fra lingua comune e linguaggio specialistico), an analysis of some examples taken from geometry textbooks used in the Italian primary school is presented. The analysis is based on the application of two intertwined theoretical frameworks: Duval’s semio-cognitive approach, which addresses problems related to mathematics education, and a linguistic approach to multimodal discourse analysis inspired by Bateman. The analysis shows how certain semiotic resources used as rhetorical devices for paraphrastic reformulation (restatement) can support or hinder the semiotic conversion of representations associated with two different semiotic registers (figural and natural language) in print documents with a strong multimodality component.
On the deformation-induced grain rotations in gradient nano-grained copper based on molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zhang Jiarui , Yang Fan , Liu Yaping , Zhong Zheng , Zhao Jinfeng
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the mechanical behavior of gradient nano-grained copper under uniaxial deformation was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The stress response was found to be different in the regions with different grain sizes, which was attributed to the different dislocation activities due to the dislocation-grain boundary synergies. The phenomenon of grain rotation was observed and a program was developed to accurately evaluate the grain rotation and explore its dependence on the grain size and the initial crystal orientation. It is found that all grains tend to rotate to the 30° orientation, consistent with the activation theory of the slip systems under the uniaxial deformation. The rotation magnitude is larger for larger grains, but the rotation rate is more diversely distributed for smaller grains, indicating more disturbance from grain boundary mechanisms such as the grain boundary sliding and the grain boundary diffusion for smaller grains. The effect of temperature on the grain rotation is also investigated, showing an increase of the dispersion of grain rotation distribution with the increase of temperature. This paper aims at providing insights into the synergistic deformation mechanisms from dislocations and grain boundaries accounting for the exceptional ductility of the gradient nano-grained metals.
Testing for stationarity with covariates: more powerful tests with non-normal errors
Authors: Nazlioglu Saban , Lee Junsoo , Karul Cagin , You Yu
Published: March 2021

Previous studies suggested that the power of unit root and stationarity tests can be improved by augmenting a testing regression model with stationary covariates. However, one practical problem arises since such procedures require finding the variables that satisfy certain conditions. The difficulty of finding satisfactory covariate has hindered using such desired tests. In this paper, we suggest using non-normal errors to construct stationary covariates in testing for stationarity. We do not need to look for outside variables, but we utilize the distributional information embodied in a time series of interest. The terms driven from the information on non-normal errors can be employed as valid stationary covariates. For this, we adopt the framework of stationarity tests of Jansson (Jansson, M. 2004. “Stationarity Testing with Covariates.”Econometric Theory20: 56–94). We show that the tests can achieve much-improved power. We then present the response surface function estimates to facilitate computing the critical values and the correspondingp-values. We investigate the nature of shocks to the US macro-economic series using the updated Nelson–Plosser data set through our new testing procedure. We find stronger evidence of non-stationarity than their univariate counterparts that do not use the covariates.
Internationaler Wissenstransfer durch Organisationen: Theoretische Anknüpfungspunkte und ein Fallbeispiel zu Paulo Freire am Ökumenischen Rat der Kirchen
Authors: Ahme Benjamin
Published: March 2021

Obgleich Wissenschaftsgeschichte die Tendenz aufweist, kollektive Leistungen auf die Genialität von Individuen zu reduzieren, wendet sich dieser Text der Rolle von Organisationen als überindividuellen Akteuren zu. Solchen Organisationen wird im Kontext neo-institutionalistischer Theoriebildung eine zentrale Bedeutung für die Möglichkeit internationalen Wissenstransfers zugeschrieben, die sich auch in Bezug auf internationale Entwicklungen in der Religionspädagogik konkretisieren lässt. Dazu werden Anknüpfungspunkte in der historischen Religionspädagogik benannt und anhand der Aktivitäten des Büros für Bildungsfragen des Ökumenischen Rates der Kirchen in Bezug auf die Diffusion der Pädagogik Paulo Freires Anfang der 1970er Jahre beispielhaft vertieft.
Exploring religions today: A quest for international knowledge transfer within the field of education for religious diversity
Authors: Deschner Annette , Francis Leslie J. , ap Siôn Tania
Published: March 2021

The Exploring Religions Today collection of curriculum resources, developed to support the statutory requirements in Wales for religious education in primary schools, was influenced by the findings from a major research project that explored the attitudes of young people toward religion and toward life within religiously diverse societies. The aim of this paper is to explore the key findings that emerged from that research, to analyse the pedagogical principles of these resources and to evaluate the possibilities of applying these to the 2016 curriculum for Protestant religious education in Baden-Württemberg.
Angemessene Vermittlung religiösen Wissens innerhalb der regulären Schulfächer? Eine Fallstudie anhand der aktuellen Schulbücher in Japan
Authors: Ito Toshiko
Published: March 2021

Das Verhältnis der öffentlichen Schulen Japans zur religiösen Unterweisung ist komplex. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der angemessenen Gestaltung der religiösen Unterweisung, wobei die Wissensvermittlung in den regulären Schulfächern über das Religiöse im Zentrum steht. Eine Analyse der religiösen Inhalte der Schulbücher arbeitet die auffällige Diskrepanz zwischen dem Ideal und der Realität heraus. Es wird darauf ein möglicher Ansatz zur angemessenen Vermittlung religiösen Wissens innerhalb der regulären Schulfächer hervorgestrichen: die kulturübergreifende Umgestaltung.
Sport-Specific Agility and Change of Direction in Water Polo: The Reliability and Validity of Two Newly Developed Tests
Authors: Dong Lily , Paradelo David , Delorme Alain , Oliveira Justin , Parillo Brian , Croteau Félix , Romeas Thomas , Dubé Evelyne , Bieuzen François , Billaut François , Berryman Nicolas
Published: March 2021

Dong, L, Paradelo, D, Delorme, A, Oliveira, J, Parillo, B, Croteau, F, Romeas, T, Dubé, E, Bieuzen, F, Billaut, F, and Berryman, N. Sport-specific agility and change of direction in water polo: The reliability and validity of two newly developed tests. J Strength Cond Res 35(12S): S111–S118, 2021—There is a gap in water-based agility testing that considers both the change-of-direction (COD) and perceptive-reactive components of agility. This study sought to develop easily implementable, sport-specific in-water agility tests for water polo and to verify the reliability and validity of these new tests: the in-water Stop and Go (SG) and Jump and Go (JG). Female water polo athletes at the Senior (n = 12, age = 22.1 ± 2.1 years), Junior (n = 19, age = 18.5 ± 1.0 years), and Youth (n = 11, age = 16.5 ± 0.8 years) national levels performed 3 trials of each of the SG, JG, and the existing Functional Test for Agility Performance (FTAP). Senior athletes performed an additional experimental session to assess reliability parameters. Relative reliability for agility and COD versions of the SG and JG was high or very high (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.76–0.95). For construct validity analyses, significant between-group differences for each of the new tests (p < 0.05) were found. In contrast, the FTAP was moderately reliable (ICC = 0.57) and was unsuccessful in discriminating between playing levels. Considering the favorable metrological properties of the SG and JG, their fidelity to in-game demands, and their accessible setups, these new tests represent viable options to implement at grassroots and elite levels for the assessment and training of water polo–specific agility.
Age and Sex Differences in Fitness Among Brazilian Federal Highway Patrol Officers
Authors: Marins Eduardo Frio , Dawes J. Jay , Del Vecchio Fabrício Boscolo
Published: March 2021

Marins, EF, Dawes, JJ, and Del Vecchio, FB. Age and sex differences in fitness among Brazilian Federal Highway Patrol Officers. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1292–1297, 2023—Age- and sex-related differences in fitness have been observed in U.S.-based law enforcement agencies. However, these differences have not been fully explored among agencies outside the United States. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the age- and sex-related differences on selected measures of physical fitness among Brazilian Federal Highway Police Officers. Retrospective physical fitness data for 7,044 (men = 6,283 and women = 761) officers were provided for analysis. These tests included sit-ups and push-ups (muscular endurance), flexed-arm hang/pull-ups (upper-body strength), standing broad jump (lower-body power), and a 12-minute run (aerobic capacity). Data were stratified by age into 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, and 50–59 year groups and analyzed by sex. Independent samples t-tests were used to assess sex-related differences, and a one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc for multiple pairwise comparisons was used to calculate differences between age groups. A linear regression was then used to verify the effect of age on the physical fitness for both sexes. Male officers were older, heavier, and taller and displayed greater upper-limb muscular endurance and aerobic capacity than female officers (p < 0.05). General declines in muscular endurance, strength, lower-body power, and cardiorespiratory fitness were observed among male officers (p < 0.05) by age groups. Significant (p < 0.05) declines in fitness were also observed among older female officers in muscular endurance, lower-body power, and cardiorespiratory fitness. These general declines in fitness with age progression may negatively impact an officers overall health and occupational fitness. Officers should strive to attain and maintain adequate levels of fitness to sustain health, fitness, and occupational performance throughout their career. It is recommended that both male and female officers engage in strength training and conditioning programs focused to combat the potential deleterious effects of aging.
Effects of Long-Haul Travel on Recovery and Performance in Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rossiter Antonia , Warrington Giles D. , Comyns Thomas M.
Published: March 2021

Rossiter, A, Warrington, GD, and Comyns, TM. Effects of long-haul travel on recovery and performance in elite athletes: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3234–3245, 2022—Elite athletes are often required to travel long-haul (LH) across numerous time zones for training or competition. However, the extent to which LH travel affects elite athlete performance remains largely unknown. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to critically evaluate available evidence on the effects of LH travel on elite athlete psychometric, physiological, sleep, and performance markers. Electronic database searches of PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies were eligible for inclusion if subjects were identified as elite athletes who embarked on a LH flight (>6 hours) and used an outcome measurement of recovery or performance after the flight. Studies that were retrospective, used light therapy or pharmacological interventions were not included. Of 2,719 records assessed, 14 studies comprising a total of 197 athletes from 6 sports met the inclusion criteria. There was an increase in perceived jet lag and disturbance to various physiological markers after LH travel; however, there was minimal disturbance in other psychometric markers. Sleep was not negatively affected by LH travel. Of 10 studies that assessed performance, 3 found decrements in indirect markers of performance. Elite athletes perceived themselves to be jet lagged and experienced disturbance to various physiological mechanisms after LH travel; however, the effect on performance was inconclusive. Future research would benefit from higher quality studies with improved control measures, larger sample sizes from a wider variety of sports, and use of ecologically valid measures of circadian rhythm and athletic performance.
HIV-1 Tat and Morphine Differentially Disrupt Pyramidal Cell Structure and Function and Spatial Learning in Hippocampal Area CA1: Continuous versus Interrupted Morphine Exposure
Authors: Marks William D. , Paris Jason J. , Barbour Aaron J. , Moon Jean , Carpenter Valerie J. , McLane Virginia D. , Lark Arianna R. S. , Nass Sara R. , Zhang Jingli , Yarotskyy Viktor , McQuiston A. Rory , Knapp Pamela E. , Hauser Kurt F.
Published: March 2021

About half the people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have neurocognitive deficits that often include memory impairment and hippocampal deficits, which can be exacerbated by opioid abuse. To explore the effects of opioids and HIV on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron structure and function, we induced HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) expression in transgenic mice for 14 d and co-administered time-release morphine or vehicle subcutaneous implants during the final 5 d (days 9–14) to establish steady-state morphine levels. Morphine was withheld from someex vivoslices during recordings to begin to assess the initial pharmacokinetic consequences of opioid withdrawal. Tat expression reduced hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuronal excitability at lower stimulating currents. Pyramidal cell firing rates were unaffected by continuous morphine exposure. Behaviorally, exposure to Tat or high dosages of morphine impaired spatial memory Exposure to Tat and steady-state levels of morphine appeared to have largely independent effects on pyramidal neuron structure and function, a response that is distinct from other vulnerable brain regions such as the striatum. By contrast, acutely withholding morphine (from morphine-tolerantex vivoslices) revealed unique and selective neuroadaptive shifts in CA1 pyramidal neuronal excitability and dendritic plasticity, including some interactions with Tat. Collectively, the results show that opioid-HIV interactions in hippocampal area CA1 are more nuanced than previously assumed, and appear to vary depending on the outcome assessed and on the pharmacokinetics of morphine exposure.
Language, Nation, Race: Linguistic Reform in Meiji Japan (1868–1912)
Authors: Ueda Atsuko
Published: March 2021

Language, Nation, Race explores the various language reforms at the onset of Japanese modernity, a time when a “national language” (kokugo) was produced to standardize Japanese. Faced with the threat of Western colonialism, Meiji intellectuals proposed various reforms to standardize the Japanese language in order to quickly educate the illiterate masses. This book liberates these language reforms from the predetermined category of the “nation,” for such a notion had yet to exist as a clear telos to which the reforms aspired. Atsuko Ueda draws on, while critically intervening in, the vast scholarship of language reform that engaged with numerous works of postcolonial and cultural studies. She examines the first two decades of the Meiji period, with specific focus on the issue of race, contending that no analysis of imperialism or nationalism is possible without it.
Equine cervical remodeling during placentitis and the prepartum period: a transcriptomic approach
Authors: El-Sheikh Ali Hossam , Scoggin Kirsten E , Ruby Rebecca , Loynachan Alan , Boakari Yatta , Fernandes Claudia , Dini Pouya , Fedorka Carleigh Elizabeth , Loux Shavahn C , Esteller-Vico Alejandro , Ball Barry A
Published: March 2021

Cervical remodeling is a critical component in both term and preterm labor in eutherian mammals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cervical remodeling remain poorly understood in the mare. The current study compared the transcriptome of the equine cervix (cervical mucosa (CM) and stroma (CS)) during placentitis (placentitis group, n  = 5) and normal prepartum mares (prepartum group, n  = 3) to normal pregnant mares (control group, n  = 4). Transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during placentitis (5310 in CM and 907 in CS) and during the normal prepartum period (189 in CM and 78 in CS). Our study revealed that cervical remodeling during placentitis was dominated by inflammatory signaling as reflected by the overrepresented toll-like receptor signaling, interleukin signaling, T cell activation, and B cell activation pathways. These pathways were accompanied by upregulation of several proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP2, and MMP9), cathepsins (CTSB, CTSC, and CTSD) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS1, ADAMTS4, and ADAMTS5), which are crucial for degradation of cervical collagens during remodeling. Cervical remodeling during placentitis was also associated with upregulation of water channel-related transcripts (AQP9 and RLN), angiogenesis-related transcripts (NOS3, ENG1, THBS1, and RAC2), and aggrecan (ACAN), a hydrophilic glucosaminoglycan, with subsequent cervical hydration. The normal prepartum cervix was associated with upregulation of ADAMTS1, ADAMTS4, NOS3 and THBS1, which might reflect an early stage of cervical remodeling taking place in preparation for labor. In conclusion, our findings revealed the possible key regulators and mechanisms underlying equine cervical remodeling during placentitis and the normal prepartum period.
Alcohol Availability Restriction Policy and Changes in Consumer Behavior in Lithuania in 2016–2019
Authors: Karpuškienė Vita
Published: March 2021

To reduce alcohol consumption, in 2018 the Lithuanian Government introduced new restrictions on alcohol sales time, consumer age, and alcohol advertising. These restrictions apply to the entire population, regardless of alcohol consumption behavior. Such actions of the government were provoked by the scale of the problem; according to the data provided by the World Health Organization and the European Union Commission, Lithuania sits among the leading countries in alcohol consumption.The policies taken by the government to reduce alcohol consumption are described by many economists as paternalistic, as they reduce an individual’s freedom of decision. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the changes in alcohol consumption behavior after the regulatory measures entered into force and the public attitude towards these measures based on research results.This article presents the results of a study first conducted in December 2016 by the researchers of the Faculty of Economics of Vilnius University and the representatives of the Lithuanian Business Confederation*. The aim of the study was to distinguish the different groups of alcohol consumers and their alcohol consumption behavior and attitudes towards the alcohol restriction policies.** To achieve this aim, an analysis of scientific papers, a population survey, and statistical analysis methods were used.The authors conclude that alcohol restriction policies, met with a relatively favorable public attitude, may have adjusted levels of alcohol consumption and its patterns, but the increase in the number of young people among alcohol consumers is not in line with the expected policy outcomes. The measures adopted did not encourage respondents to give up alcohol in the longer term (12 months).
Evaluation of the determinants of growing current account deficit
Authors: Garšvienė Lina , Butkus Mindaugas
Published: March 2021

The objective of the paper is to identify and generalize the factors determining the growth of current account deficit and select the periods of growing current account deficit and evaluate their determinants. The results of the analysis confirmed the growing current account deficit reaching from 3% to 30% of GDP in different developing and developed countries. The results showed that growing current account deficit is strongly determined by domestic demand and market prices; however, other factors such as national openness, international movement of capital, and the condition of world market have no significant impact.
Iron- and Nickel Enriched Olivine from Phlogopite Harzburgite of the Bug Granulite Complex (Ukrainian Shield)
Authors: LOBACH-ZHUCHENKO S.B. , EGOROVA Yu.S. , SKUBLOV S.G. , SUKACH V.V. , GALANKINA O.L.
Published: March 2021

An abundance of the trace elements has been determined in olivine of the Archean spinel-bearing phlogopite harzburgite enclave (sample UR17/2) from the Bug granulite complex of the Ukrainian Shield by SIMS analysis. Major elements were analyzed in the olivine by SEM-EDS and EPMA analysis. The olivine shows a homogeneous chemical composition: MgO — 45.20—45.64 wt.%, FeO — 13.66—14.23 wt.%, with Fo85—86 and Fe/Mn ratio of 68.3—68.6 which corresponds to the ratio of 60—70 in olivine of peridotites. Ni content in the UR17/2 olivine ranges from 4730 to 5612 ppm, which is higher than in olivine from mantle peridotites, high magnesium OIB and Hawaiian picrites. The olivine has average content of Ti — 20.6 ppm, Nb — 0.03 ppm, Zr — 0.32—0.60 ppm, the low total REE (0.1—0.5 ppm). The olivine crystallization temperature, calculated using an Al-in-olivine thermometer, corresponds to ~ 900°C. Enrichment in Fe and Ni is the main feature that distinguishes the UR17/2 olivine from other mantle-derived olivine. Сomposition of the UR17/2 olivine and host harzburgite indicates an influence of T, P, the oxygen fugacity and composition of parent magma on the partition coefficients of Fe and Ni. Сomposition and structure (degree of polymerization) of magma are the main factors responsible for the olivine enrichment by iron and nickel.