bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commissurotomy and pregnancy: A study of 245 cases
Authors: Matorras R. , Reque J. A. , Minguez J. A. , Usandizaga J. A. , Pedroviejo G. , Perera S. , Larrea J. L. , Núñez L.
Published: December 2009

We present a retrospective study of 245 pregnancies in 157 women who had undergone commissurotomy (closed surgery) and whose delivery was assisted at the Maternity La Paz (Madrid, Spain) between 1965 and 1981. There was a statistically significant increase in the rate of fetal complications (perinatal mortality, 44.3 per 1000; preterm 8.5%; intra‐uterine growth retardation, 17.3%; low weight, 12.5%) and maternal mortality.

The most frequent and severe maternal complication was congestive heart failure which was more common among primigravidas and was of statistical significance. In patients with atrial fibrillation or heart failure during pregnancy or puerperium, the results were even more remarkable. There were no complications in patients who underwent commissurotomy during pregnancy. Preterm delivery was three times more common in patients undergoing digitalis therapy.
Induction of labor with intravenous oxytocin or vaginal PGE2 suppositories: A randomized study
Authors: Ekman Gunvor , Granström Lena , Ulmsten Ulf
Published: December 2009

Thirty‐eight term pregnant women with a moderately unfavorable cervix (cervical score 4–5 p.) were randomly given intravenous oxytocin (Group A) or 3 mg PGE2 as a vaginal suppository (Group B) for labor induction. Eight out of 19 in Group A and 17 out of 19 in Group B gave birth vaginally within 24 h. The remaining 11 women in Group A had still an unfavorable cervix after 24 h. They were then given 3 mg PGE2 as a vaginal suppository and all but one had given birth vaginally without complications within 24 h. In Group B only 2 were still undelivered after 24 h. Both had a favorable cervix and were delivered vaginally within 12 h after intravenous infusion of oxytocin. The number of instrumental deliveries in Group A was one cesarean section and two vacuum extractions and in Group B three vacuum extractions. One woman in Group B reported nausea and vomiting and in one had strong uterine contractions in the second stage of labor. Otherwise no side effects were registered. All babies were born in good condition with Apgar scores ≥ 7. In conclusion, vaginal application of 3 mg PGE2 as a suppository seems to be more effective than intravenous infusion of oxytocin for labor induction in women with half‐ripened cervices, i.e. cervical scores of 4–5 p.
Plexiform leiomyoma in endometrial curettings
Authors: Bychkov Vladimir
Published: December 2009

A tumor found in endometrial curettings of a 35–year‐old woman was originally interpreted as malignant. Review of the slides and additional curettings revealed that the tumor was in reality a plexiform leiomyoma. Attention is drawn to the fact that this rare tumor may be present in endometrial curettings.
Spironolactone in the Treatment of Hirsutism
Authors: Chapman M. G. , Katz M. , Dowsett M. , Hague W. , Jeffcoate S. L. , Dewhurst C. J.
Published: December 2009

Spironolactone (100 mg) for 25 days in each menstrual cycle was assessed over 6 months for treatment of hirsutism in 35 patients. Five patients withdrew due to either nausea or polymenorrhea. the latter problem was encountered in 16 patients. of the 30 remaining patients, 17 had a significant reduction in hair growth as assessed by Ferriman and Gallwey hair scores (p<0.05). the only significant change in endocrine parameters was a reduction in serum testosterone (p<0.05). Treatment with spironolactone alone was inferior to our previous experience with the cyproterone acetate–estrogen combination.
In Vitro Perfusion Studies on Human Umbilical Arteries: I. Vasoactive Effects of Serotonin, PGF2α and PGE2
Authors: Bjøro Kristian , Stray‐Pedersen Sverre
Published: December 2009

A method was developed for the assessment of in vitro perfusion of the umbilical cord arteries. a perfusion pressure of 60–80 mmHg gave flow rates ranging from 30 to 40 ml/min per artery. Serotonin, PGF2α and PGE2 were added to the perfusate and tested for vasoactivity. All substances induced a dose‐dependent vasoconstriction. Serotonin proved to be the most potent vasoconstrictor. the minimum dose required to induce visible pressure responses was 10−9–10−8M of serotonin and 10−7 M of PGF2α and PGE2. When adding methysergide to the perfusate, the serotonin response was abolished, while the effects of the prostanoids remained unaltered.
Is Decidua Affected in Gestational Hypertension?: Indication by Elevated Pp14 Levels
Authors: Iino Koichi , Julkunen Mervi , Sjöberg Jari , Seppälä Markku
Published: December 2009

The serum concentration of placental protein 14 (PP14) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 129 apparently healthy pregnant women at 33–40 weeks, and the results were compared with those of 40 women with gestational hypertension either with or without proteinuria at similar weeks. in normal pregnancy, maternal serum PP14 levels decreased towards term. Therefore, the results were expressed as multiples of the normal median for each week. in gestational hypertension, the values were higher than normal (p<0.001): they were above the normal median in 32 (80%) cases (p<0.005), and above the normal 90th percentile in 15 (38%) cases (p<0.001). the presence or absence of proteinuria did not affect the result. Since recent findings suggest that PP14 is synthesized by late pregnancy decidua and not by the placenta, our results suggest that decidua may be affected in gestational hypertension.
Fetal Tibia Retained in Uterine Cavity For Eight Years After Legal Abortion
Authors: Ingerslev Hans Jakob , Kristensen Ingrid Bayer
Published: December 2009

A fetal tibia was removed from the uterus of a woman who had had a legal abortion 8 years earlier, followed by tubal sterilization. Because of irregular vaginal bleeding she was hysterectomized and no sign of recanalization of the Fallopian tubes was seen peroperatively.
Heart Frequency of the Fetus At Birth
Authors: Klebe J. G. , Espersen T. , Poulsen E. Holk
Published: December 2009

Heart frequency was recorded in 10 infants during the delivery and the following day. It was found that during vaginal birth, in cephalic presentation, heart frequency decreased during the last 3 minutes before delivery of the head. in breech presentation the initial deceleration was shorter, while with cesarean section there was no initial deceleration. Shortly after delivery of the head and in close connection with the first cry, a tachycardia lasting approx. 10 minutes was observed in all infants. on the day after birth, all infants had a normal heart frequency. It is concluded that the heart frequency changes correspond to the alterations expected on the basis of the caput compression and the relative fetal hypovolemia arising during the final stage of the vaginal delivery. These observations also indicate that the variable deceleration is caused partly by fetal hypovolemia. the neonatal tachycardia is presumably a response to the ordinary placental transfusion and neonatal adaptation to extra‐uterine life.
Serum Lipoprotein Changes in Climacteric Women Induced by Sequential Therapy with Natural Estrogens and Medroxy‐Progesterone Acetate Or Norgestrel
Authors: Vejtorp Mogens , Christensen Merete Sanvig , Vejtorp Lissie , Larsen Jørgen Falck
Published: December 2009

Thirty perimenopausal women were randomized to sequential therapy with either estradiol‐valerate and norgestrel (Cyclo‐Progynon), or estradiol and medroxy‐progesterone acetate (EM 627). Blood samples were drawn before treatment and in the third treatment cycle during estrogen and progestogen phases respectively. the clinical effects of the two treatments were without significant difference. Ovulation was not suppressed by the treatments, which induced similar increases in serum estradiol and estrone concentrations. the medium serum high density lipoprotein‐(HDL)‐cholesterol concentration expressed as a percentage of the pretreatment level decreased in the postmenopausal women treated with Cyclo‐Progynon to 90% compared with 104% (p<0.01) in the EM 627 group. However, the concentrations expressed in mmol/l did not differ significantly, probably owing to non‐significant differences in the pretreatment levels. Low density lipoprotein‐(LDL)‐cholesterol concentrations decreased by approximately 10% in the postmenopausal women during both treatments. Cyclic addition of medroxy ‐progesterone acetate to estrogen replacement therapy does not adversely affect the serum lipoprotein pattern, and may be preferable to norgestrel.
Endoscann Cell Sampling For Cytological Assessment of Endometrial Pathology
Authors: Hansen Peder Kern , Junge Jette , Roed Henrik , Fischer‐Rasmussen Wiggo , Højgaard Knud
Published: December 2009

Cytological samples of the endometrium obtained by Endoscann were compared with histological preparations from conventional curettage of the uterine cavity (D & C) in 275 women. Indications of D & C were irregular menstrual bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding, or suspected ovarian or cervical neoplasia in women of 50 years or more. the women were consecutively enrolled in the study and had an average age of 60.2 years (range 50–87). the cytological investigation detected all 16 cases of endometrial cancer but none of 6 cases of atypical hyperplasia. Insertion of the Endoscann cell sampler was easily performed in 87% of the patients in whom cervical dilatation was unnecessary. the cytological technique had 11 cases of insufficient material (4%). by D & C, sufficient material for histological evaluation could not be obtained in 32 cases (12%). the predictive value of a positive test with respect to endometrial carcinoma was 0.38, the corresponding sensitivity was 1.00, and the specificity 0.90. a positive cytology should lead to immediate further investigation.
Fibrinolytic Activity in Amniotic Fluid During Late Pregnancy
Authors: Pschera H. , Kjaeldgaard A. , Larsson B.
Published: December 2009

Fibrinolytic activity (FA) was assessed by the fibrin plate technique in 47 amniotic fluid samples obtained at 35 to 39 weeks' gestation. in amniotic fluid the FA (63.1±2.5 mm2) was considerably elevated when compared with previously reported serum levels of pregnant women. After centrifugation of the amniotic fluid samples a highly significant reduction of FA in the supernatant was recorded (42.9±1.3 mm2), suggesting that the cells of fetal origin are the main source of the high plasminogen activator activity demonstrated in amniotic fluid. a significant rise in amniotic fluid FA was demonstrated beyond the 37th gestational week. Furthermore, significantly greater FA was recorded in amniotic fluid samples from women with spontaneous onset of labor within a week. However, a single FA determination in amniotic fluid obtained by routine amniocentesis was found to be of little value for prediction of the time interval to delivery.
Sub‐Hourly Variations in Salivary Estriol Concentrations in the Last Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Cusick Paulette E. , Alston William C. , Truran Peter L. , Read Graham F.
Published: December 2009

Sub‐hourly variations in salivary estriol were measured in women in the last trimester of pregnancy. the mean and variation of salivary estriol concentrations in specimens collected at 5‐min intervals for 30 min were greater on awakening in the morning (when subjects were recumbent and fasting) than in the afternoon. the differences in variation between morning and afternoon serial specimens were eliminated by the omission of the first two specimens collected in the morning. Significant differences between the mean concentrations obtained for morning and afternoon specimens were minimized by use of a recumbent posture for the afternoon specimen collection. the mean estriol concentration of four saliva samples collected at 5‐min intervals for 15 min did not differ significantly from the concentration of saliva collected continuously over the subsequent 15 min. For routine estriol monitoring, therefore, samples should be collected over a 15‐min period. This ought to be carried out at the same time of day, in the same posture on each occasion, but preferably not in the early morning.
Gestrinone (R2323) Binding to Steroid Receptors in Human Uterine Endometrial Cytosol
Authors: Tamaya T. , Fujimoto J. , Watanabe Y. , Arahori K. , Okada H.
Published: December 2009

To understand the mechanism of biological action of gestrinone (R2323), which has a therapeutic effect against endometriosis, the binding of gestrinone to numerous classes of intracellular steroid binding proteins was studied in the human uterine endometrium. Gestrinone bound to endometrial receptors for estrogen, progesterone and androgen, but seemed not to bind to endometrial intracellular corticosteroid‐binding globulin and sex hormone‐binding globulin. Gestrinone occupies all specific binding sites of steroids in the steroid target cells despite the presence of endogenous steroids. It is speculated that the binding behavior of gestrinone may be related to its therapeutic effect on endometriosis. Gestrinone's more avid affinity for estrogen receptor may be the reason for the ability to use a lower clinical dose of gestrinone.
Adjuvant Effects of Tranexamic Acid to Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer Patients with Large Amount of Ascites
Authors: Kikuchi Yoshihiro , Kizawa Isao , Oomori Keibun , Matsuda Minoru , Kato Koichi
Published: December 2009

Eleven patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma who had large quantities of ascites during the course of previous chemotherapy were tested with intraperitoneal injections of tranexamic acid, followed by combination chemotherapy. a 4‐g dose of tranexamic acid was administered intraperitoneally every day for at least 2 weeks. Seven out of 11 patients (63.6%) showed changes from positive to negative in Papanicolaou smears of the ascitic fluid after treatment with tranexamic acid. a marked reduction of ascitic fluids was observed in 4 of 11 patients (36.4%). If 2 cases with partial reduction of ascites are included, the response rate improved to 54.5%. Median survival time after initiation of treatment with tranexamic acid was significantly longer in patients with good response to tranexamic acid than in patients with poor response. Proliferation of cells in cultures established from ovarian cancer tissue of a patient with good response to tranexamic acid was inhibited at all concentrations of tranexamic acid used in this study, in contrast to non‐inhibition of similar cells cultured from a patient with poor response, at any concentration of tranexamic acid. These results suggest that treatment with tranexamic acid suppresses malignant cells in the ascites, followed by reduction of ascites themselves, and an improvement in the response rate to subsequent chemotherapy.
Reliability of Ultrasound Fetometry in Estimating Gestational Age in the Second Trimester
Authors: Persson P‐H. , Weldner B M.
Published: December 2009

The reliability of ultrasound fetometry for estimating gestational age (GA) in the second trimester was evaluated, using the fetal variables: biparietal diameter (BPD), occipitofrontal diameter (OFD), mean abdominal diameter (AD), and femur length (FL), each value being taken as the mean of five measurements. of the individual variables, BPD gave the best precision, with a standard deviation (SD) from true GA of 3.2 days. Using a combination of all four variables, GA could be estimated with a SD of 2.2 days, which was not significantly better than the formula, GA = BPD × 1.2 + FL × 1.0 + 49, which gave results with a SD of 2.4 days. Equations obtained from regression analysis of the variables against true GA were tested in 44 cases where the precise date of conception was known, GA being estimated by BPD with a SD of 3.2 days, and by the combination of BPD and FL with a SD of 2.7 days; the maximum difference between GA estimated by BPD and by FL was 7 days. Using a combination of BPD and FL to estimate GA in the total population, the number of post‐term deliveries was only marginally less than when using BPD alone.
Splenic Mesothelial Cysts At Laparoscopy
Authors: Helm Göran , Hauksson Arnar , Stenram Unne
Published: December 2009

One case of splenic mesothelial cyst formation fortuitously found and biopsied during laparoscopic operation is described.
Serum Cholic and Chenodeoxycholic Acids During Pregnancy and Puerperium in Normal and Pre‐Eclamptic Women
Authors: Rosing Ulf , Kallner Anders
Published: December 2009

Serum cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and other biochemical markers of liver diseases were determined during pregnancy and in the puerperium in 19 normal and 16 pre‐eclamptic women. In one‐third of the cases, either CA or CDCA or both increased to values above the reference limits 6 weeks after delivery.
Pathological Pregnancies: Results of amniotic fluid studies and fetal outcome
Authors: Van Regemorter N. , Vamos E. , Defleur V. , Khazen N. El , Jeanty Ph. , Levi S. , Avni F. , Foulon W. , Liebaers I. , Rodesch F.
Published: December 2009

Late amniocenteses (>20 weeks' gestation) were performed in 114 pregnancies with no a priori genetic risk, but referred because of abnormal clinical and/or ultrasound findings suggesting fetal malformations. Reasons for referral included polyhydramnios (51 cases), oligohydramnios (15 cases), fetal growth retardation (FGR) (16 cases) and abnormal fetal ultrasound findings excluding anencephaly (32 cases). In 42 of these cases, referral was motivated by a combination of the above abnormal findings. When polyhydramnios was the sole anomaly (25 cases), 5 fetuses were malformed (20%), abnormal fetal karyotype and/or elevated amniotic fluid alphafetoprotein (AFP) were demonstrated in 2 cases. Oligohydramnios was the sole anomaly in one case; the infant died of prematurity. Fetal growth retardation was the sole anomaly in 14 cases, 11 otherwise normal newborns were small for date, 2 died at birth and 1 was malformed (1/14, 7%). In this group all fetal karyotypes were normal and in 2 cases amniotic fluid AFP were increased. In the 32 pregnancies without abnormal amniotic fluid volume and/or FGR and with fetal malformation(s) suggested by ultrasound, all malformations except one (ovarian cyst possibly ruptured during birth) were confirmed at birth, amniotic fluid AFP was elevated, and/or karyotype was abnormal in 6 cases. In 42 pregnancies where more than one alarm sign was present, abnormal karyotype and/or elevated amniotic fluid AFP level were recorded in 21 of the 39 cases where amniocentesis was performed, 33 fetuses were malformed (79%) and 13 died in the perinatal period (31%). The high incidence of abnormal results of amniocentesis found in this survey of pathological pregnancies, particularly in those with multiple alarm signs, emphasizes the need for amniocentesis in these situations.
Effect of Oral Contraceptives on Plasma and Platelet Lipid Composition: Influence of the length duration of time of ingestion
Authors: Aznar Justo , Santos M. Teresa , Vallés Juana , Martinezsausor Vicente
Published: December 2009

The action of oral contraceptives (OC) (50 μg ethi‐nylestradiol + 250 μg levonorgestrel) on plasma and platelet lipid composition was studied in two groups of women who took this OC for one year, or for a longer period of time (2–9 years). Comparison with the control group showed that the ingestion of OC modifies the composition of some fatty acids in plasma and platelets. This modification is more marked in the women who took OC for one year. In plasma a decrease in linoleic acid (18:2) was found in the cholesterol and phospholipid fractions. In platelets, an increase of stearic acid (18:0) was observed in phospholipids, triglycerides and free fatty acid fractions. The modifications observed in plasma and platelets were not parellel, which suggests a specific and different action of OC on both plasma and platelets. Finally, it is suggested that the lipid variations found in the group that took the OC for one year may be compatible with a platelet hyperfunction.
The Regulation of Menstrual Cycle and its Relationship to the Moon
Authors: Law Sung Ping
Published: December 2009

A synchronous relationship between the menstrual cycle and lunar rhythm was confirmed by

1. Investigative data: Among the 826 female volunteers with a normal menstrual cycle, aged between 16 and 25 years, a large proportion of menstruations occurred around the new moon (28.3%), while at other times during the lunar month the proportion of menstruations occurring ranged between 8.5–12.6%; the difference was significant (p<0.01).

2. Laboratory findings: The 6‐hydroxymelatonin levels in the urina sanguinis of 3 female volunteers reached their zenith prior to and during menstruation, gradually declining to their nadir during ovulation. The difference in 6‐hydroxymelatonin between menstruation and ovulation was significant (p<0.01). Two of these three volunteers had their zenith in the period of the new moon and nadir 3—4 days prior to the full moon respectively.

3. Clinical experience: The lunar‐menses‐regulatory therapy in treatment of Nephropenic secondary amenorrhea revealed 4 clinical cure, 5 marked effect, 8 menogogue and 3 inef‐fect out of 20 cases.
Seminal Acid Phosphatase in Relation to Fertility
Authors: Upadhyaya Meena , Hibbard Bryan M. , Walker Sheila M.
Published: December 2009

In a study involving 176 males attending an infertility clinic and 88 controls awaiting elective vasectomy, the semen acid phosphatase activity was found to be significantly higher in the former group (p <0.001). However, no definite relationship of semen acid phosphatase level to ejaculate volume, sperm motility, viability, morphology, seminal zinc, magnesium or fructose was observed in either group. The distribution of acid phosphatase in the males attending the infertility clinic, unlike that of the controls, was found to be bimodal. 32 presumably infertile males had acid phosphatase values exceeding the control mean±2 SD. These 32 nevertheless did not have a significantly different mean ejaculate volume, sperm motility, morphology or viability, when compared with the group with normal acid phosphatase levels. Causes of the bimodal distribution of concentrations of acid phosphatase are discussed.
Advanced Stage III Ovarian Carcinoma: Prospective Randomized Trials Comparing Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
Authors: Sigurdsson Kristján
Published: December 2009

A prospective randomized trial was carried out in 128 patients with advanced stage III ovarian tumors of serous and anaplastic type, to compare the effects of radiotherapy, single‐drug chemotherapy and combination chemotherapy on operability and survival. The effect on oper‐ability was about the same for radiotherapy as for combination chemotherapy, whereas single‐drug chemotherapy was less effective. The effect on survival was significantly greater with the combination chemotherapy than with radiotherapy and single‐drug chemotherapy, which were roughly similar. This better survival with combination chemotherapy was observed in both poorly and moderately differentiated tumors.
Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Amniotic Fluid of Normal and Anencephalic Fetus in Diamniotic Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Selbing Anders , Larsson Lasse
Published: December 2009

Acetylcholinesterase test of amniotic fluid is commonly used as a diagnostic indicator of fetal neural tube defect in singleton pregnancies. Because of its large size it is unlikely that the acetylcholinesterase molecule diffuses across fetal membranes (1) and the test would hence also be useful in twin pregnancy if one of the fetuses were found to have a neural tube defect and the other had a normal sonographic appearance. Unfortunately this has proved to be incorrect.
Laparoscopic Sterilization with the Falope‐Ring Technique in the Puerperium
Authors: Klærke Michael , Nielsen Jens Erik Bruun , Vilsgaard Knud
Published: December 2009

One hundred and forty‐one women were planned to be sterilized by the Falope‐ring technique after vaginal term delivery. Two pregnancies (1.55%) occurred during an average observation period of 43.2 months. Tearing of the mesosalpinx with bleeding requiring laparotomy occurred in 2 cases, and was the major operative complication seen. in 3 cases, laparotomy was performed because of reduced visual field caused by the enlarged uterus and in 2 cases because of technical problems with maintaining pneumoperitoneum. in 10 patients, hysterosalpingography was performed. in 2 cases leakage was demonstrated and these patients were readmitted to laparoscopic sterilization in the interval phase. One woman was admitted to the hospital with acute lower abdominal pain one year after sterilization; laparotomy showed the salpinx to be twisted three times around the ring. the Falope‐ring technique is recommended as a safe, easy and quick method for sterilization in the puerperium.
Serum Uric Acid Correlates with β2‐Microglobulin in Pre‐Eclampsia
Authors: Øian Pål , Monrad‐Hansen Hans‐Peter , Maltau Jan Martin
Published: December 2009

In order to evaluate renal tubular function, β2‐microglobulin was measured in serum and urine from 15 patients with severe pre‐eclampsia and 13 normal pregnant women. in the pre‐eclamptic group, the serum β2‐microglo‐bulin level was significantly higher (p <0.05) and urinary excretion/2411 significantly lower (p<0.05), than in the normal pregnant group. A positive linear correlation between serum uric acid and β2‐microglobulin was observed both in the pre‐eclamptic group (r = 0.79, p<0.001) and in the normal pregnant group <r = 0.58, p<0.05). This may indicate that production and renal handling of these two substances are interdependent. Tubular function is reduced in normal pregnancy, whereas increased “net tubular reabsorption” of uric acid and β2‐microglobulin occurs in pre‐eclampsia. the cause of the observed changes in tubular function is still obscure.
Inhibitors of Trypsin, Chymotrypsin and Elastase in Human Uterine Fluid
Authors: Casslén Bertil
Published: December 2009

Pure uterine fluid, obtained from 18 women in the luteal phase, was pooled and gel filtered. Inhibitory activity against trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase was present in fractions containing α2‐macroglobulin, α1‐antitrypsin, α1‐antichymotrypsin and antileukoprotease. After solid‐phase adsorption with antibodies to these inhibitors, no inhibitory activity remained. It was concluded that the entire inhibitory capacity of the proteinases studied was attributable to inhibitors derived from serum and antileukoprotease. These proteinase inhibitors which are present in uterine fluid during the luteal phase might be of significance during the implantation process.
Effects On the Lipoprotein Metabolism of an Antiandrogen—Estrogen Oral Contraceptive Drug
Authors: Larsson‐Cohn U. , Fåhraeus L. , von Schenck H. , Wallentin L.
Published: December 2009

The effects on the lipoprotein metabolism of six cycles of treatment with 2 mg of the anti‐androgenic proges‐togen Cyproterone acetate + 50 μg of ethinyl estradiol were prospectively studied in 22 healthy premenopausal women. the plasma level of cholesterol (C) was unchanged, while the levels of HDL‐C and its subfractions HDL2‐C and HDL3‐C were significantly elevated after only one cycle. the LDL‐C decreased after one month but then returned to pretreatment levels. VLDL‐C was unchanged. the phos‐pholipid concentrations within the various lipoprotein fractions generally resembled those of the corresponding cholesterol fraction. the levels of fibrinogen in plasma and of triglycerides in plasma and in the lipoprotein fractions were elevated. It is concluded that the drug had a predominant and rather pronounced estrogenic profile.
Plasma β‐Endorphin‐Like Immunoreactivity During Pregnancy, Parturition, Puerperium and in Newborn
Authors: Živný J. , Kobilková J. , Vorliček F. , Bendl J. , Zapadlo M.
Published: December 2009

Mean β‐endorphin‐like immunoreactivity in the plasma of 10 normal women in the 10th month of pregnancy was 144.3±7.5 ng/1. During labor in 7 women its immunoreactivity was increased and peaked at the time of vaginal delivery (1 162±69 ng/1). Two hours after delivery, β‐endor‐phin‐like immunoreactivity was significantly decreased (297±39 ng/1) and after 4 to 5 days was 155±33 ng/1. Beta‐endorphin‐like immunoreactivity in the cord plasma (523±30 ng/1) was significantly lower than in the mother at the time of vaginal delivery and in venous blood of newborns 24 hours post partum was 156±11 ng/1. the correlation between β‐endorphin‐like immunoreactivity in the mother and the cord blood plasma was not determined. At the time of the fetal hypxia, β‐endorphin‐like immunoreactivity in the cord blood plasma was increased (2741 ng/1). We conclude that immunoreactive β‐endorphin influences a stress reaction in the mother and fetus at the time of labor. During intra‐uterine life the fetus probably produces its own immunoreactive‐like β‐endorphin independently of the maternal production of this peptide.
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: Effect of Chronic Continuous Immunotherapy with a Streptococcal Preparation, OK‐432 after Surgery
Authors: Fukuma Keizo , Matsuura Kohei , Shibata Saburo , Nakahara Kazuo , Fujisaki Shunichi , Maeyama Masao
Published: December 2009

Three cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei with ovarian neoplasma were treated by adjunctive immunother‐apy with OK‐432 after surgery. in 2 of the 3 cases, the periods of intramuscular injection of OK‐432 were 11 and 16 months, respectively, and the 2 patients remain clinically free from evidence of disease, 7 and 6 years after surgery. the third patient is still undergoing treatment, with no evidence of recurrence at 4 months after surgery. These results, although for a small number of patients, clearly suggest that adjunctive immunotherapy with OK‐432 may be suitable for treating pseudomyxoma peritonei of ovarian tumor origin.
Candida Chorioamnionitis and Intra‐Uterine Contraceptive Device
Authors: Spaun Eva , Klünder Kurt
Published: December 2009

In spite of the very common occurrence of vaginal candidiasis in pregnant women (1), the uterus is seldom affected. There are few reports in the literature of intra‐uterine infection. the present paper presents a case of pla‐cental and fetal candidiasis in association with the presence of an intra‐uterine contraceptive device (IUD).
Evidence of an Estrogen‐Like Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone On Lysyl Oxidase Activity in the Mouse Cervix
Authors: Ozasa Hiroshi , Tominaga Toshiro , Takeda Toshio
Published: December 2009

The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) on the lysyl oxidase activity in the mouse cervix was studied. Injection of animals ovariectomized 10 days before with 1 mg DHA was followed 24 h later by an increase in enzyme activity, which remained unaltered for 48 h, returning to control values by 96 h after injection. At least 100 μg of DHA was required to increase enzyme activity; the maximum effect occurred with 1 mg of the steroid and was comparable to that of 1 μg estradiol‐17β. These results demonstrate an estrogen‐like effect of DHA on lysyl oxidase activity in mouse cervix. the onset of response was later and the duration of response was longer for DHA than for estradiol‐17β.
Application of Fiberoptics to the Clinical Measurement of Intra‐Uterine Pressure in Labor
Authors: Svenningsen Leif , Jensen øystein
Published: December 2009

In the present report we describe a new technique for monitoring intra‐uterine pressures during labor. the method utilizes a fiberoptic pressure transducer which is both accurate and stable. the pressure sensor is located at the catheter tip thus eliminating hydrostatic errors during monitoring. At body temperature the catheter is soft and flexible and represents no harm to the fetus. the membrane is housed in a metal dome with large lateral apertures. This arrangement greatly reduces the possibility of blockage. A comparison was made between recordings from the fiberoptic pressure transducer and those from a fluid‐filled catheter implanted simultaneously in non‐selected subjects during labor. Close agreement was obtained in the majority of cases. Large discrepancies between the two techniques were assumed to reflect the fact that the precise measuring point is not identical in each system. to date, recordings have been made in 52 parturients with no problems with insertion of the device and without any indication of equipment malfunction.
Pregnancy Following Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Marushak A. , Weber T. , Bock J. , Birkeland S. A. , Hansen H. E. , Klebe J. , Kristoffersen K. , Rasmussen K. , ølgaard K.
Published: December 2009

Following kidney transplantation, 20 women gave birth to 24 infants after the 28th gestational week. All babies were singletons, alive, and free from malformations. the mean weight was 2 595 g (range 1 420–3 200 g) and the mean gestational age was 37.8 weeks (range 32–40 weeks). the cesarean section rate was 75%. On dividing the patients into low‐ and high‐risk groups, the rate of pre‐eclampsia, prematurity, and intra‐uterine growth retardation was 2–3 times as high in the high‐risk as in the low‐risk group. No patients experienced graft rejection during the pregnancy but, within 3 months after delivery, two rejection episodes occurred. Later, a further 5 patients experienced graft rejection. All infants developed normally. We conclude that pregnancy following renal transplantation generally has a normal outcome and that the function of the transplanted kidney is unaffected by the pregnancy.
Alteration in Sulfobromphthalein Hepatic Storage Capacity (S) in Non‐Pregnant Women Previously Affected with Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (Icp)
Authors: Frezza Mario , Chiesa Lucio , Pozzato Gabriele , Pison Gabriella , Zalateo Cristina
Published: December 2009

The pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is still unknown, although it is currently accepted that the disease represents an abnormal reaction of genetically predisposed maternal liver, to estrogen hormones. to gain a better insight into the hepatic handling of cholephilic anions outside of pregnancy itself, we determined, using the perfusion technique of Wheeler et al. (1960), the hepatic maximum excretory rate (Tm) and the storage capacity (S) of sulfobromphthalein (BSP) in 6 women with a past history of ICP and in 6 controls, matched for age and parity, but with no history of ICP or other liver disease. the BSP Tm in the group with previous ICP did not differ significantly from that measured in the control group (9.22±2.37 vs 7.92±1.20). by contrast, BSP S values in the “previous ICP” group was critically higher than that of the controls (120.43±55.89 vs 39.15±16.17: t‐test p<0.005, U‐test p<0.001). A possible explanation for this result could be the existence of a metabolic defect responsible for an increased intrahepatic concentration of the cholephilic substances inside the liver cells.
Pitfalls in Sonographic Imaging of the Incompetent Uterine Cervix
Authors: Confino Edmond , Mayden Kara L. , Giglia Robert V. , Vermesh Michael , Gleicher Norbert
Published: December 2009

Artifacts interfering with sonographic imaging of the uterine cervix in pregnancy are described. Increasing the amount of fluid in the urinary bladder closes the cervix and alters the configuration of the lower uterine segment, while increased intra‐uterine pressure results in reciprocal changes. Angulation of the transducer and manual pressure thereon distort sonographic findings. It is concluded that, contrary to recent reports in the literature, sonography cannot reliably demonstrate changes in cervical compliance during pregnancy. Vaginal examination remains the ultimate diagnostic modality for the diagnosis of the imcompetent cervix, while sonography may be used as an adjunct only.
The Nordic Contribution to the English Language Twin Literature
Authors: Schwartz Robert M. , Keith Louis G. , Keith Donald M.
Published: December 2009

This project was inspired by the extensive contribution of Nordic researchers to the English language twin literature. the purpose of the study was to compile a source bibliography of twin literature written at Nordic institutions. the bibliography compiled as a supplement for this paper provides as complete a survey as is possible to obtain in the United States. Our search began with a Medline Computer data base. to make our survey more complete, we cross‐referenced and added to this using the Index Medicus, the National Institute of Mental Health Bibliography, Excerpta Medica, specific article references, references provided by Nordic university libraries and Gedda's Estudio dei Gemelli. the full bibliography of 313 references is available at no cost from the Center for the study of multiple Birth, Rm. 476, 333 E. Superior, Chicago, III. 60611, U.S.A.
Subjective Recording of Fetal Movements: II. Screening of a Pregnant Population; Methodological Aspects
Authors: Valentin Lil , Marsál Karel
Published: December 2009

1914 women were asked to count fetal movements for 15 minutes every evening from the 28th week of pregnancy until parturition. an individual lowest limit for number of fetal movements was calculated from the first five counts. the women were instructed to contact the maternity ward for fetal evaluation as soon as their count fell below the lowest limit on two consecutive evenings (alarm signal). 79% of the women did record fetal movements, the proportion of those who did so being significantly higher in nulliparae and women 20–35 years old than in multiparae, teenagers and women older than 35 years. the mean duration of the registration period was 11.4 (SD 3.2) weeks and the median interval from the end of the registration period to delivery was 0.32 weeks. 31% of the women with an alarm signal on their Fetal Movement Charts never reported the decrease in the fetal movements count. 30% of the women who did report a reduction in the number of fetal movements did so despite the absence of an alarm signal. We conclude that most pregnant women are willing and able to count fetal movements but that they have difficulty in following the instructions concerning when to report a decrease in number of fetal movements.
Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Fetal Ascites and Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Blaakær Jan
Published: December 2009

The ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal ascites caused by Toxoplasma Gondii is presented. When a diagnosis of fetal ascites without obvious etiological malformation is established, toxoplasmosis should be suspected. A serological test should be performed, in view of the possibility of antenatal treatment of the fetus.
Antenatal Prediction of Sex
Authors: Kasik John W. , Woods Ralph , Nelson Robert M.
Published: December 2009

Current recommendations suggest that prospective parents be informed of the fetal sex following an amniocentesis—if the parents express a desire for that information. Genotype does not in all cases accurately predict the appropriate sex of rearing. A case is discussed involving an infant with ambiguous genitalia who prior to birth had been designated a male, based on genotype obtained following amniocentesis. Caution is urged in predicting sex antenatally.
Postmenopausal Tubo‐Ovarian Abscess
Authors: Fisher M. , Drugan A. , Govrin J. , Timor‐Tritsch I. E. , Brandes J. M.
Published: December 2009

Tubo‐ovarian abscess in postmenopausal women is a distinct and rare entity. the disease is usually diagnosed on the operating table and its high rate of postoperative complications and mortality commands special attention. by presenting our experience with four cases of tubo‐ovarian abscess in postmenopausal women, we would like to re‐emphasize the importance of including this disease in the differential diagnosis of the surgeon and the gynecologist. Early laparotomy is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Successful Tubal Reimplantation After Rupture of the Uterus
Authors: Fredricsson B. , Rosenborg L.
Published: December 2009

A 29‐year‐old woman with primary infertility caused by bilateral isthmical tubal block was operated upon with bilateral cornual resection and tubal implantation. After one uncomplicated childbirth a second fullterm pregnancy ended in fetal catastrophe: the uterus ruptured at both sites of tubal implantation and a stillborn fetus was delivered by emergency cesarean section. One oviduct was detached from the uterus and the other one had to be removed. However, the maternal condition never became critical. Later on, a second tubal reimplantation was performed on the remaining side, and after a first‐trimester spontaneous abortion a second healthy infant was born at elective cesarean section.
Obstetric Complications as the First Sign of Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: Fossen Ditlev , Gjerstad Leif
Published: December 2009

A patient with undiagnosed myotonic dystrophy presented in pregnancy with a history of severe obstetric and neonatal complications in her two previous pregnancies. Problems arising after cesarean section led to the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy. the features of this condition and its implications for pregnancy are pointed out. Complications of pregnancy and parturition may be the first symptoms of myotonic dystrophy.
Clinical Value of Pregnancy‐Specific β1‐Glycoprotein (SP1) and β‐hCG Determination in Serum in Suspected Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Sørensen Steen , Blaabjerg Jan
Published: December 2009

We compared the clinical value of pregnancy‐specific β1‐glycoprotein (SP1) determination in serum by means of a highly sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) versus that of β human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) determination in suspected ectopic pregnancy. The study comprised 58 women admitted consecutively with suspected ectopic pregnancy but without signs warranting immediate surgical intervention. Both SP1 and β‐hCG were found in 11 patients with ectopic pregnancy and in 8 patients with early intra‐uterine pregnancy, whereas β‐hCG was detected in 4 and SP, in 7 of 8 women with a recent abortion. Of 31 women presenting a non‐pregnant condition, 2 were positive for both SP1 and β‐hCG. The measurement of SP1 in serum thus appears to be an alternative to β‐hCG measurement when ectopic pregnancy is suspected.
Treatment of Endometrial Hyperplasia with Cyproterone Acetate Histological and Hormonal Aspects
Authors: Jasonni Valerio M. , Franceschetti Francá , Ciotti Patrizia , Bulletti Carlo , Vignudelli Adele , Marabini Alberto , Naldi Silvia , Flamigni Carlo
Published: December 2009

A regime of cyproterone acetate (CPA) (300 mg/‐day by the oral route for 30 days) has been used in 10 postmenopausal women with endometrial hyperplasia (8 atypical and 2 adenomatous). Androstenedione (A), estrone (E1), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) plasma levels were determined before and at the end of treatment. The regression of endometrial hyperplasia was ascertained histologically in all patients after 30 days of therapy. All steroids showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) as compared with their corresponding basal values. Moreover, the E1A ratio was significantly lowered (p<0.01) following CPA administration (5.9+2.9% to 2.5+0.6%). From these data it is evident that CPA can not only act as a progestin, but may also reduce the endogenous estrogen production, lowering either the adrenal production of A (the most important estrogen precursor in the post‐menopause) or the A to E1 peripheral conversion.
Human Term Placenta Releases Placental Protein 10 (PP10) in Tissue Culture
Authors: Tiitinen Aila
Published: December 2009

Placenta, decidua, chorion and amnion were studied to determine the tissue concentration of placental protein 10 (PP10). As measured by radio‐immunoassay, all tissues studied were found to contain approximately the same concentration of PP10, in both early and late pregnancy. The release of PP10 was studied in tissue culture, first by using explants of placenta, decidua, amnion and chorion in four preliminary studies. Only the placenta released significant amounts of PP10 into the culture medium and, therefore, further studies were carried out with placental explants. In gel filtration, the bulk of PP10 in the culture medium eluted in the same position as purified PP10, and the dose—response curves of the two materials were parallel. The total secretion of PP10 into the culture medium was studied throughout 96 hours of incubation. Cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, reduced the release of PP10 into medium by 31.3±12.5%. In cycloheximide‐treated tissue cultures, the secretion of PP10 recovered when cycloheximide was replaced by original culture medium without cycloheximide. There results show that placenta is a major source of PP10.
Circulating Levels of Placental Protein 10 (PP10) in Diabetic Pregnancy
Authors: Tiitinen Aila , Ylinen Kari
Published: December 2009

Circulating levels of placental protein 10 (PP10) were measured in 217 heparinized plasma samples from 35 insulin‐dependent diabetic patients and 90 samples from apparently healthy pregnant women between 15 and 40 weeks. In diabetic pregnancy between 15 and 40 weeks, the levels were significantly below normal (p<0.001). Decreased PP10 levels were seen especially in those cases where diabetic pregnancy was complicated by intra‐uterine growth retardation, intra‐uterine death, or severe congenital malformation. In 9 healthy pregnant women the PP10 levels were measured both in heparinized plasma and in serum samples. The plasma values were 76% of those in serum, suggesting interaction between PP10 and heparin.
Urinary Tract Infection After Vaginal Surgery: Effect of prophylactic treatment with methenamine hippurate
Authors: Tyreman N.‐O. , Andersson P.‐O. , Kroon L. , Orstam S.
Published: December 2009

One hundred and nine consecutive patients undergoing surgery for uterovaginal prolapse followed by indwelling urinary catheter for 3 days were randomized for prophylactic treatment with methenamine hippurate (MH) or no MH prophylaxis. Significantly less bacteriuria occurred in the MH‐treated patient group. In particular, the opportunistic hospital flora appeared to be suppressed by MH treatment. It is suggested that MH prophylaxis, 1 g three times daily, be used in gynecological surgery followed by short‐term urinary catheterization.
Non‐Steroid Hormones and Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA) in Emetic and Non‐Emetic Pregnancy
Authors: Järnfelt‐Samsioe Ann , Bremme Katarina , Eneroth Peter
Published: December 2009

In order to investigate further the endocrine and metabolic features of the common condition emesis gravidarum, serum concentrations of some non‐steroid hormones and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) were determined in 102 healthy pregnant women. 62 complained of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Significantly higher and lower levels of human chorionic gonadotropin were noted in early and late pregnancy, respectively, in women with emesis gravidarum. A significant rise in serum prolactin and TPA was found throughout pregnancy in all subjects, no differences between emetic and non‐emetic pregnancies being registered. Serum concentrations of growth hormone (hGH) showed a significant decline as pregnancy advanced. Emetic women demonstrated higher hGH levels in late pregnancy than did asymptomatic subjects. Free T4 concentrations remained stable when comparing early with late pregnancy, no dissimilarities being found between women with and without nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. These data do not support the hypothesis of major metabolic disturbances as an etiologic factor for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. However, as overt differences between emetic and non‐emetic pregnancy were found, hormonal factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition.