bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Библијска економска етика данас: Одређени аспекти библијске економске етике у свјетлу савремених социолошко-политичких питања
Authors: Топаловић Владислав
Published: May 2019

Однос према богатству и сиромаштву у појединим књижевним цјелинама Старог и Новог Завјета поставља темеље једне библијске, теолошке економске етике која захтијева борбу против сиромаштва и позива вјернике на друштвену солидарност. Због таквог садржаја многи савремени социолошки концепти и идеологије користе Свето Писмо као референтну тачку. Како љевичарске, тако и неолибералне друштвене и економске теорије представљају древне библијске ауторе као своје далеке „претке“. Рад представља преглед библијског схватања сиромаштва и богатства и то схватање ставља у дијалог са савременим теоријама.
Мадраше Светог Јефрема Сиријског о Јони и Ниневљанима
Authors: Ерић Бошко
Published: May 2019

Аутор рада доноси кратак увод који је кључан за правилно разумевање Јефремових мадраша, а у ком објашњава која је њихова улога, тј. са којим циљем их је Јефрем писао и наглашава да је само са правилним разумевањем шта су мадраше могуће избећи погрешно разумевање (може да се каже и целокупне) Јефремове мисли, као и да се избегне предрасуда о овом сиријакофоном светитељу да је он само велики песник, али не и богослов. Након увода аутор доноси превод „Мадраша о Јони и Нинивљанима“, а које су део једне веће колекције под називом Мадраше о девствености. На крају се извлачи закључак који за своју основу има Јефремову праксу писања и извођења мадраша, а који може да помогне и при данашњој Црквеној мисији.
Пасторално-мисиолошка анализа народне религиозности с посебним освртом на проблем култа предака
Authors: Голијанин Ведран
Published: May 2019

Аутор анализира питање народне религиозности и испитује њену везу са „вишом“ религиозношћу коју заступају традиционалне хришћанске цркве. Иако је ово наизглед антрополошки проблем, пажљивија теолошка анализа открива да је овде, заправо, реч о кључном елементу инкултурације, односно о флексибилности хришћанства приликом сусрета са различитим народима и културама. Поједини облици народне ралигиозности, нпр. далекоисточни култ предака, показали су се као битне препреке у хришћанским мисијама или у учвршћивању хришћанства међу већ христијанизованим групама. Због тога је неопходна детаљна пасторална и мисиолошка анализа овога проблема.
Савремени човек и његова егзистенција. Да ли само егзистирамо или смо део нечег вишег?
Authors: Васиљевић Милорад
Published: May 2019

Када сагледавамо савременог човека може се рећи да смо сведоци све веће пасивности у промишљању о нечему што се назива живот. Живот се једноставно своди на избор истих понављајућих радњи које само пуко одржавају нашу биолошку егзистенцију и ништа више. Промишљања о нечему већем и испуњенијем су веома ретка. Међутим, да ли је човек ту где јесте само да би постојао на исти начин као и животиње или је за њега намењено нешто више? Овде ћемо изнети неколико основних опажања о човеку чији је живот постао пуко животарење, а затим као неку врсту одговора на наведена опажања, дати адекватне аргументе који ће, са једне стране, показати сву трагику таквог начина живота, а са друге, бити звезда водиља која ће нам показати пут човековог обожења. Поред свега наведеног, позабавићемо се терминима као што су – егзистенција, вера и смрт – због тога што сматрамо да су они неизбежни када је у питању живот савременог човека.
Izazovi proučavanja književnosti u 21. vijeku: postpostmodernističko viđenje stvarnosti
Authors: Đerić Dragičević Borjanka
Published: May 2019

Priroda ali i društvena uloga književnosti u 21. vijekuse neosporno promijenila. Na suštinska pitanja poput sljedećih:Zašto književnost postoji? Čemu služi? Koji je njen smisao?,autor je pokušao odgovoriti kroz prizmu recepcije romana Kratkii čudesni život Oskara Vaa (2007), koji se može svrstati u periodpost-postmodernizma (ili: meta-modernizma, hiperrealizma,pseudo-modernizma, digimodernizma). Postojanje, kao i sâminaziv ovog književnog pravca, jesu upitni i nerijetko predmetdiskusije savremenih književnih teoretičara. Rad je nastaoujedno kao težnja da se objasni i istakne priroda i položajknjiževnosti u vremenu oblikovanom elektronskom tehnologijom,medijima, tržištem. Pisci koji stvaraju danas očigledno žele daponude drugačije, možda smislenije, odgovore, te da se, postpostmodernistički,uhvate u koštac ili sažive sa digitalnom erom,u isto vrijeme pokušavajući da ponovo uspostave kako ljudske,tako i veze sa čitalačkom publikom. Teorijsku podlogu autorrada pronalazi u savremenoj književno-kulturološkoj teorijiAlana Kirbija (The Death of Posmodernism and Beyond, 2006).Rad se bavi recepcijom post-postmodernističke književnosti kojaje na direktnoj „vezi“ sa kulturom, ostvarenoj putem interneta,imejla, mobilnih telefona, te ostalih „pametnih“ digitalnihigračaka čovjeka. Sa druge strane, naše doba bilježi promjenumentalnog, psihološkog sklopa čitalaca, pisaca, običnog čovjeka –autor želi da istakne prirodu te promjene, koja je prisutna upost-postmodernističkoj književnosti.
Transrealism – a modern literary trend?
Authors: Škobo Milena
Published: May 2019

Književnost modernog doba svedoči o brojnimeksperimentalnim poduhvatima koji nastaju ukrštanjem žanrovau fikciji, poput spajanja istorijske fikcije i naučne fantastike,visoke tehnologije i lošeg kvaliteta života kojim se ukrštajuelementi detektivskih romana i distopijskih vizija, ilieksperimentalna dela u kojima se naučna fantastika spaja saelementima strave i užasa. Cilj ovog rada je da istraži pojamtransrealizma kao novog književnog pokreta 21. veka, koji spajarealizam kao tradicionalnu podlogu na kojoj počiva fikcija ipripovednu nit koja teži ka naučnoj fantastici, fantaziji ilipredstavljanju strave i užasa, kao i da ispita koji su to osnovnielementi transrealizma kao pojma na primeru romanasavremene kanadske književnice Margaret Etvud Antilopa ikosac (Oryx and Crake, 2003).
Photodiodes, phototransistors and solar cells behaviour in environment with gamma and neutron radiation: literature review and experiments
Authors: Nikolić Dejan
Published: May 2019

Due to its wide application areas, optoelectronicdevices are exposed, in their work enviroment, to different typesof radiation. Photodiodes, phototransistors and solar cells aremost common used optoelectronic devices. Therefore, a numberof experiments were performed on these devices in order toexplain their behavior in the environment with pronouncedgamma and neutron radiation. Especially when these two typesof radiation appear successively. This paper presents review ofthese researches and scientific papers based on them. A numberof PIN photodiodes, phototransistors and solar panels have beenexposed to gamma radiation, neutron radiation and, especially, totheir combination. Several types of photodiodes, phototransistorsand solar panels were used in the experiment. I-V characteristics(current dependance on voltage) and other output parametershave been measured before and after irradiation. Some unusualbehavior were observed.
Uspostavljanje institucija lokalnih ombudsmana u Republici Srbiji
Authors: Savić Božić Dijana
Published: May 2019

Institucija ombudsmana na lokalnom i regionalnomnivou je poznata u mnogim pravnim sistemima sveta. U nekimzemlјama ova institucija je regulisana ustavom, ali u većinizemalјa je regulisana statutom. Ombudsmani kontrolišu radnjedržavnih organa uprave, kao i akcije lokalnih vlasti i drugihorgana i organizacija koje obavlјaju javne poslove. Zaštitnikgrađana prima pritužbe građana koji smatraju da su njihovaprava prekršena aktima i procedurama upravnih organa, aliombudsman može voditi postupak po sopstvenoj inicijativi (poslužbenoj dužnosti) kada utvrdi da je došlo do povreda pravagrađana od strane neke institucije čije su akcije kontrolisane. Pritome on je ovlašćen da traži podatke i informacije iz upravnihorgana, ima pristup službenim dokumentima, uzimanju izjave odzaposlenih, službenih lica, svedoka i procenitelјa. Uspostavlјanjeombudsmana u pravnom sistemu Srbije počelo je pre nekolikogodina donošenjem odgovarajućih propisa kojima se regulišuovlašćenja i postupak ombudsmana na lokalnom i pokrajinskomnivou, kao i donošenjem Zakona o zaštitniku građana. U raduautor analizira uspostavljanje institucija lokalnih ombudsmana uRepublici Srbiji, jer i pored toga što veliki broj lokalnihzajednica statutima uspostavlјa mogućnost osnivanja lokalnogombudsmana, do danas je mali broj onih koje su donele i odlukukojom bi ga osnovale.
Synchrotron radiation X-ray topography and defect selective etching analysis of threading dislocations in halide vapor phase epitaxy GaN crystal grown on ammonothermal seed
Authors: Sochacki Tomasz , Sintonen Sakari , Weyher Jan , Amilusik Mikolaj , Sidor Aneta , Bockowski Michal
Published: May 2019

Halide vapor phase epitaxy GaN crystal is examined, in terms of threading dislocations, by two experimental techniques: synchrotron radiation X-ray topography and defect selective etching. The obtained results are analyzed and compared. Three kinds of threading dislocations are found. Other defects in the crystal are also shown. A correlation between defects determined by the two experimental methods is presented and discussed.
Device modeling of amorphous oxide semiconductor TFTs
Authors: Abe Katsumi , Ota Kazuki , Kuwagaki Takeshi
Published: May 2019

Device models of amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (AOS TFTs) associate AOS carrier transport and electronic states with AOS TFT electrical characteristics. Thus, such models are very useful for estimation and analysis on operations and reliability of AOS TFTs and developments of electronic devices with AOS TFTs. We discuss the models including mobility models and density of subgap state (DOS) models, which reflect the carrier-electron transport and the electronic states of AOSs. A device simulator employing a carrier-electron density dependent mobility model and an appropriate DOS model can reproduce temperature and electrical characteristics of AOS TFTs.
Exploring perceptions of meaningfulness in visual representations of bivariate relationships
Authors: Beribisky Nataly , Davidson Heather , Cribbie Robert A.
Published: May 2019

Researchers often need to consider the practical significance of a relationship. For example, interpreting the magnitude of an effect size or establishing bounds in equivalence testing requires knowledge of the meaningfulness of a relationship. However, there has been little research exploring the degree of relationship among variables (e.g., correlation, mean difference) necessary for an association to be interpreted as meaningful or practically significant. In this study, we presented statistically trained and untrained participants with a collection of figures that displayed varying degrees of mean difference between groups or correlations among variables and participants indicated whether or not each relationship was meaningful. The results suggest that statistically trained and untrained participants differ in their qualification of a meaningful relationship, and that there is significant variability in how large a relationship must be before it is labeled meaningful. The results also shed some light on what degree of relationship is considered meaningful by individuals in a context-free setting.
Functional analysis of theGbDWARF14gene associated with branching development in cotton
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhang Sai , Qiao Jing , Sun Quan , Shi Qian , Cai Chaowei , Mo Jianchuan , Chu Zongyan , Yuan Youlu , Du Xiongming , Miao Yuchen , Zhang Xiao , Cai Yingfan
Published: May 2019

Plant architecture, including branching pattern, is an important agronomic trait of cotton crops. In recent years, strigolactones (SLs) have been considered important plant hormones that regulate branch development. In some species such as Arabidopsis, DWARF14 is an unconventional receptor that plays an important role in the SL signaling pathway. However, studies on SL receptors in cotton are still lacking. Here, we cloned and analysed the structure of the GbD14 gene inGossypium barbadenseand found that it contains the domains necessary for a SL receptor. The GbD14 gene was expressed primarily in the roots, leaves and vascular bundles, and the GbD14 protein was determined via GFP to localize to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Gene expression analysis revealed that the GbD14 gene not only responded to SL signals but also was differentially expressed between cotton plants whose types of branching differed. In particular, GbD14 was expressed mainly in the axillary buds of normal-branching cotton, while it was expressed the most in the leaves of nulliplex-branch cotton. In cotton, the GbD14 gene can be induced by SL and other plant hormones, such as indoleacetic acid, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid. Compared with wild-type Arabidopsis, GbD14-overexpressing Arabidopsis responded more rapidly to SL signals. Moreover, we also found that GbD14 can rescue the multi-branched phenotype of Arabidopsis Atd14 mutants. Our results indicate that the function of GbD14 is similar to that of AtD14, and GbD14 may be a receptor for SL in cotton and involved in regulating branch development. This research provides a theoretical basis for a profound understanding of the molecular mechanism of branch development and ideal plant architecture for cotton breeding improvements.
Residents’ Perceptions of the Impacts of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games: Before, During and After the Mega-Event
Authors: Zouain Deborah Moraes , Lohmann Paola Bastos , Cardoso Gabriela De Laurentis , Virkki Kaarina Barbosa , Martelotte Marcela Cohen
Published: May 2019

This study investigates the residents’ perceptions of Rio de Janeiro regarding the impacts of Rio 2016 Olympic Games. For the first time, a country in South America was chosen to host this megaevent, being a great opportunity to track residents’ perception and cover a gap in longitudinal studies involving residents in developing countries and its impacts on the host city. A face-to-face quantitative survey was conducted over three years, with a total of 1,211 interviewees in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The population perceived positively mainly an improvement in urban mobility and an increase in tourism; but, negatively, the misuse of public resources, increase in prices, and non-lasting legacies that critically affected the image of the destination post-Olympics.
The emergence of Resistance through Criticality: leisure and tourism in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, Brazil
Authors: Fazito Mozart
Published: May 2019

Following the initial success of a sustainable tourism programme, the town of Conceição do Mato Dentro, located within the UNESCO Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, in Brazil, changed remarkably after a large iron ore mining project was launched in 2006. Among the changes was the replacement of tourism with mining as the municipality’s priority development policy. The town changed from a quiet and small rural town to a dusty and busy industrial site. Although the communities affected by the mine initially supported the mining project, this research identified emergent and growing dissatisfaction among them. A discourse analysis approach was employed to unveil the seeds of a resistance movement that has been emerging from the social practices to challenge the dominant modernization and neoliberal discourses of development represented by the mining project. It is argued that resistance can be traced back to both the advantages that the previous sustainable tourism programme brought and to the preservation of leisure sites that were previously used for socialization and amusement but are now either off-limits or have been destroyed. Such people are not seen here as ‘host communities’, but tourists. Tourism and leisure experiences performed by people affected by the mine generated a sense of community and solidarity, but its discontinuity had undermined the possibilities of criticism and resistance, as such values were misrepresented in the policy arenas that hosted the debates around the mining project. Despite its importance among community members, leisure has not been used to legitimize the resistance discourses against the mining project. Rather, the resistance speech focused on job creation and the expansion of wealth and income, thus weakening the possibilities of transforming the status quo.
ABO Blood Group System: Its Association with Anthropometric Indices among Young Adults of Yoruba Ethnicity
Authors: Asafa M. A. , Ogunlade O. , Bolarinwa R. A. , Bisiriyu L. A. , Eluwole O. A. , Asafa S. T. , Oderinu K. A.
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The ABO blood group system is unique in immunology and haematology because it is the only system in which antibodies are consistently and predictably present in the serum of normal individuals whose red cells lack the antigens. Several epidemiological studies have reported that the distribution of different ABO blood groups vary markedly among the populations of different geographical areas reflecting racial differences.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the association between ABO blood group and anthropometric indices among apparently healthy young adults of Yoruba ethnicity.

Study Design: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Department of Physiological Sciences and University Health Centre, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife between May 2016 to June 2017.

Methodology: Eighty apparently healthy young adults who were purposely selected participated in the study after screening for the ABO blood groups following the standard protocol. They were divided into four equal groups; 20 in each of blood groups A, B, AB and O who were age- and sex - matched. The weight (kg) and height (cm) of the participants were measured following standard protocol. Body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) were estimated from weight and height using Quetelex and Mosteller formulae respectively. Chi-square was used to compare grouped data while the comparison of means of parameters among the four blood groups was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A p-value of < 0.05 was taken statistically significant.

Results: Out of the total 80 participants, 15% were males. The mean ± SD of height(m) of participants with blood groups A, B, O and AB were 1.65 ± 0.06, 1.63 ± 0.08, 1.62 ± 0.08 and 1.63 ± 0.08 (F= 0.349, p= 0.790) respectively. The mean ± SD of weight(kg) of the participants with blood group A,B, O and AB were 56.15 ± 8.71, 56.00 ± 11.21, 57.10 ± 12.73 and 58.05 ± 10.35 (F= 0.154, p= 0.927) respectively. The mean ± SD of BMI in kg/m2 for blood groups A, B, O and AB were 20.74 ± 3.22, 20.86 ± 2.91, 21.79 ± 5.10 and 21.91 ± 4.21 (F= 0.472, p= 0.703) respectively while the mean ± SD of BSA (m2) for blood group A, B, O and AB were 1.60 ± 0.12, 1.59 ± 0.19, 1.60 ± 0.18 and 1.62 ± 0.15 (F= 0.098, p= 0.961) respectively.

Conclusion: AB Blood group may be predisposed to metabolic syndrome due to the higher mean of weight, BSA and BMI found in this group.
Experience with Retinoblastoma at a Tertiary Centre in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: Trends in Outcome
Authors: Eke Gracia Ker , Adio Adedayo Omobolanle
Published: May 2019

Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children, and remains the most curable of all childhood cancers in the developed world. However, ocular and patient survival rates have remained very low in resource limited countries, where more than 90% of children with retinoblastoma live.

Objectives: To review the pattern of presentation of children with retinoblastoma at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria, and compare their treatment outcome with what was obtained in the previous decade in same centre.

Methods: All patients with retinoblastoma admitted into the Paediatric Oncology Unit of the UPTH from January 2011 to June 2017 were reviewed. Their demographics, clinical profile and outcome of treatment were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.

Results: Nineteen children had retinoblastoma which represented 11% of all childhood malignancies. Eight(42%) males and 11(58%) females, all under-fives, were studied with M:F=1:1.4. Mean duration of symptoms was 29.6 weeks, with majority (73.7%) having been ill for more than 3 months. White spot in the eye and eye protrusion were commonest presenting complaints while loss of vision was found in all affected eyes. More children (57.8% versus 30.8% previously) were lost to follow up, 5(26%) died and 3(15.7%) completed treatment, whereas none did a decade earlier.

Conclusion: Retinoblastoma affected only under-five children. Late presentation with proptosis and loss of vision were common presenting features. A marginal improvement in outcome was noted while high default rate and lack of radiotherapy facilities in the State had remained important challenges to completion of therapy.
Fertilisation and Cell Cycle in Angiosperms
Authors: de Graaf Barend H. J. , Dewitte Walter
Published: May 2019

Fertilisation is the result of successful fusion of female and male gametes, forming a zygote that develops into the embryo. From the perspective of cell cycle control, fertilisation is a hat‐trick. Firstly, the generation of gametes depends on the generation of haploid spores by meiosis and a sequence of mitotic divisions. Mitosis is required to produce the cells of the gametophyte, closely associated with differential fate acquisition. Secondly, cell cycle progression in both male and female gametes has to be synchronised in order to avoid chromosomal imbalance at karyogamy, and last but not least, the cell cycle should only be relaunched after a successful fusion. Here, we seek to survey our current knowledge of these processes from a cell cycle perspective and explore possible mechanisms involved in cell cycle control and coordination.
Plant Probiotics for Nutrient Acquisition by Agriculturally Important Grasses: A Comprehensive Review of the Science and the Application
Authors: Swift Rebecca , Denton Matthew D. , Melino Vanessa J.
Published: May 2019

Intensification of agricultural land and the overuse of inorganic fertilisers has led to soil acidification, depletion of organic matter, and environmental pollution. Approaches to protect soil health, including the enhancement of microbial diversity, are integral to improving crop productivity and food security. Metagenomics has rapidly improved our understanding of soil microbial diversity and function, while genetic techniques have helped to dissect the complex signal exchange between microorganisms and plants. This article presents and evaluates reported beneficial effects of plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB), focussing on those capable of mobilising or solubilising nutrients and/or stimulating plant growth when applied to agriculturally important grasses. The agricultural industry has capitalised on these scientific advancements, generating microbial formulations for specific crop responses. However, scientific methodologies must be applied in order to overcome inherent limitations of many PGPBs including their inability to be cultured, their poorly defined or multiple modes of action, a low level of integration with the crop partner, and an unpredictability in translating beneficial plant responses to the field. Novel approaches such as engineered rhizospheres, enhancing endophytic systems, cereal nodule development, and the use of inoculant consortiums will be necessary to sustain growth in the biofertiliser industry.
Photochemical Control of Polydopamine Coating in an Aprotic Organic Solvent
Authors: Jeong Yeonwoo , Jwa Dong Gyun , You Ahrom , Park Sora , Kim Jeung Gon , Kang Sung Min , Kim Min
Published: May 2019

Catechols have been widely used in organic chemistry because of their high reactivities and binding affinities to metal ions. Various transformations, such as etherification and oxidation, have been developed to modulate their reactivity. Among these, the photochemical protection and deprotection of catechols has attracted significant research attention because of the mild reaction conditions employed in the transformations. Herein, we demonstrate the application of photolabile protection of the catechol functionality in dopamine for exploring promising applications in surface coating. The hydroxyl groups in dopamine were protected with the photolabile 2‐(2‐nitrophenyl)propoxycarbonyl protecting groups, that can be conveniently removed by exposure to UV light. Notably, upon deprotection, the free dopamine was polymerized to polydopamine in the presence of pyridinium chlorochromate, an organic oxidizing agent, and adhered to solid surfaces.
Bone histomorphometric measures of physical activity in children from medieval England
Authors: Pitfield Rosie , Deter Chris , Mahoney Patrick
Published: May 2019

Objectives

Histomorphometric studies show consistent links between physical activity patterns and the microstructure underlying the size and shape of bone. Here, we adopt a combined bone approach to explore variation in microstructure of ribs and humeri related to physical activity and historical records of manual labor in skeletal samples of children (n = 175) from medieval England. The humerus reflects greater biomechanically induced microstructural variation than the rib which is used here as a control. Variation in microstructure is sought between regions in England (Canterbury, York, Newcastle), and between high‐ and low‐status children from Canterbury.

Materials and methods

Thin‐sections were prepared from the humerus or rib and features of bone remodeling were recorded using high‐resolution microscopy and image analysis software.

Results

The density and size of secondary osteons in the humerus differed significantly in children from Canterbury when compared to those from York and Newcastle. Among the older children, secondary osteon circularity and diameter differed significantly between higher and lower status children.

Discussion

By applying bone remodeling principles to the histomorphometric data, we infer that medieval children in Canterbury engaged in less physically demanding activities than children from York or Newcastle. Within Canterbury, high‐status and low‐status children experienced similar biomechanical loading until around 7 years of age. After this age low‐status children performed activities that resulted in more habitual loading on their arm bones than the high‐status children. This inferred change in physical activity is consistent with historical textual evidence that describes children entering the work force at this age.
Efficacy of fluticasone exhalation delivery system in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: what is the evidence?
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Kovacs Alexander J. , Workman Alan D. , Bosso John V. , Adappa Nithin D.
Published: May 2019

Background

Intranasal steroids have become part of the mainstay in the long‐term management of chronic rhinosinusitis. A long‐standing problem remains in efficient and easy‐to‐use delivery of topical corticosteroids to the nasal mucosa. Currently available means of intranasal steroid delivery include sprays, which are generally limited to treating the anterior nasal cavity, and rinses, which are not FDA‐approved for this indication. The exhalation delivery system is a novel method of delivering fluticasone to the deeper areas within the nasal cavities, including the posterior nasal cavity and middle and superior meatuses.

Methods

Comprehensive literature review.

Results

Recent large scale studies have suggested its efficacy and safety in the use of patients with both chronic sinusitis with polyposis and without polyps. Specifically, studies have demonstrated decreased Sinonasal Outcome Test scores of 20 points following treatment, as well as improvement of polyp grade by 1 or more point in more than 60% of patients. Furthermore, among patients with nasal polyps, there was approximately 60‐70% decreased indication for surgery following EDS‐FLU use.

Conclusion

EDS‐FLU is an important adjunct therapy for sinonasal inflammatory disease.
Effects of adaptation to handling on the circadian rhythmicity of blood solutes in Mongolian gerbils
Authors: Liu Xingchen , Zheng Xiang , Liu Yihan , Du Xiaoyan , Chen Zhenwen
Published: May 2019

The Mongolian gerbil has been widely used in many research fields and has been reported to be a diurnal laboratory animal. The circadian rhythmicity of these gerbils was investigated in the present study by measuring two hormones that show daily oscillations, cortisol and ACTH, in serum using ELISA kits. The levels of the two hormones were highest at 8:00 am and their rhythmic changes were similar to those in humans. In addition, the influence of stress of handling and blood collection on the physiological parameters of the gerbils was examined. After adaptation to handling for 1 week, some serum parameters in the animals changed. Handling and blood collection did not impact significantly on the following parameters: creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and albumin (ALB). However, blood glucose (GLU), total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) significantly increased while creatinine (CRE) and albumin/globulin (A/G) significantly decreased after adaptation. This work further confirms that the Mongolian gerbil is a diurnal animal and also indicates that a suitable adaptation procedure is necessary for getting reliable results when performing experiments using these animals.
Multi‐Functional Oxidase Activity of CYP102A1 (P450BM3) in the Oxidation of Quinolines and Tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Li Yushu , Wong Luet L.
Published: May 2019

Tetrahydroquinoline, quinoline, and dihydroquinolinone are common core motifs in drug molecules. Screening of a 48‐variant library of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP102A1 (P450BM3), followed by targeted mutagenesis based on mutation‐selectivity correlations from initial hits, has enabled the hydroxylation of substituted tetrahydroquinolines, quinolines, and 3,4‐dihydro‐2‐quinolinones at most positions around the two rings in good to high yields at synthetically relevant scales (1.5 g L−1 day−1). Other oxidase activities, such as C−C bond desaturation, aromatization, and C−C bond formation, were also observed. The enzyme variants, with mutations at the key active site residues S72, A82, F87, I263, E267, A328, and A330, provide direct and sustainable routes to oxy‐functionalized derivatives of these building block molecules for synthesis and drug discovery.
The Aminotriazole Antagonist Cmpd‐1 Stabilises a Distinct Inactive State of the Adenosine 2A Receptor
Authors: Landin Erik J. B. , Lovera Silvia , de Fabritiis Gianni , Kelm Sebastian , Mercier Joël , McMillan David , Sessions Richard B. , Taylor Richard J. , Sands Zara A. , Joedicke Lisa , Crump Matthew P.
Published: May 2019

The widely expressed G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile signal transducer proteins that are attractive drug targets but structurally challenging to study. GPCRs undergo a number of conformational rearrangements when transitioning from the inactive to the active state but have so far been believed to adopt a fairly conserved inactive conformation. Using 19F NMR spectroscopy and advanced molecular dynamics simulations we describe a novel inactive state of the adenosine 2A receptor which is stabilised by the aminotriazole antagonist Cmpd‐1. We demonstrate that the ligand stabilises a unique conformation of helix V and present data on the putative binding mode of the compound involving contacts to the transmembrane bundle as well as the extracellular loop 2.
Plasmonic Switching of the Reaction Pathway: Visible‐Light Irradiation Varies the Reactant Concentration at the Solid–Solution Interface of a Gold–Cobalt Catalyst
Authors: Peiris Erandi , Sarina Sarina , Waclawik Eric R. , Ayoko Godwin A. , Han Pengfei , Jia Jianfeng , Zhu Huai‐Yong
Published: May 2019

Product selectivity of alkyne hydroamination over catalytic Au2Co alloy nanoparticles (NPs) can be made switchable by a light‐on/light‐off process, yielding imine (cross‐coupling product of aniline and alkyne) under visible‐light irradiation, but 1,4‐diphenylbutadiyne in the dark. The low‐flux light irradiation concentrates aniline on the catalyst, accelerating the catalytic cross‐coupling by several orders of magnitude even at a very low overall aniline concentrations (1.0×10−3 mol L−1). A tentative mechanism is that Au2Co NPs absorb light, generating an intense fringing electromagnetic field and hot electrons. The sharp field‐gradient (plasmonic optical force) can selectively enhance adsorption of light‐polarizable aniline molecules on the catalyst. The light irradiation thereby alters the aniline/alkyne ratio at the NPs surface, switching product selectivity. This represents a new paradigm to modify a catalysis process by light.
Molecular structure influence on bending behavior of polyester filaments examined using a modified cantilever bending test
Authors: Höhnemann Tim , Himmler Marcus , Schubert Dirk Wolfram
Published: May 2019

An experimental setup used to measure the bending stiffness of polymer filaments based on existing cantilever approaches is presented. Additionally, it is utilized to evaluate the influence of molar mass and long‐chain branching on filaments of poly(butylene terephthalate), modified with a multifunctional chain extender. Using shear rheological analysis process limits for extrusion of the modified material were revealed, indicated by a change of the curve shape of van Gurp–Palmen plots. For the processable modified materials, it was found that increasing molar mass and degree of long‐chain branching, caused by the modification, raise the bending stiffness of filaments. Also the Young's modulus was found to increase with the amount of chain extender used, while no difference could be generated by using different linear molar grades of the polymer. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47952.
Utilizing benthic habitat maps to inform biodiversity monitoring in marine protected areas
Authors: Lacharité Myriam , Brown Craig J.
Published: May 2019

The designation of marine protected areas (MPAs) requires the development of a monitoring design to assess the effectiveness of the closure in meeting its conservation objectives. Natural variability should be considered in the design, ideally determined using baseline information collected at the scale of the closure.

Monitoring benthos informs on general ecosystem state. Benthic habitat maps are widely used as surrogates of benthos in marine spatial planning, and could potentially be used to inform monitoring by minimizing confounding habitat effects.

Here, epibenthic diversity was assessed in the St. Anns Bank MPA in Atlantic Canada, the first assessment of benthic patterns at the scale of this closure. Epibenthic assemblages were determined using a photographic camera system along a single transect (~100–150 m in length) at 44 locations in 2013 and 2014 (with 10 or 11 images per location, providing a total of 438 images), prior to the designation of the MPA. Epibenthic patterns were correlated with a previously developed benthic habitat (benthoscape) map to determine the potential of using benthoscape classes as units for monitoring.

Hierarchical agglomerative clustering of epibenthic assemblages and similarity profile analysis revealed five clusters of assemblages in the MPA (P < 0.01), each of which were associated with specific indicator taxa. Some clusters of assemblages correlated well with distinct benthoscape classes representing either hard/coarse (gravel) or soft sediment (sand and mud), whereas clusters associated with mixed sediment segregated spatially. The within‐cluster variability in assemblages between locations was lower overall than within the management zones, but differed between clusters.

Similarities were detected with previous coarser‐scale assessments of epibenthic diversity in the St. Anns Bank MPA, but this study revealed a more complex benthic structure than previously thought. A monitoring design should thus consider this natural variability to reliably monitor change and aid in determining the effectiveness of the MPA.
Cat Kidney Glomeruli and Tubules Evaluated by Design‐Based Stereology
Authors: Sadeghinezhad Javad , Nyengaard Jens R.
Published: May 2019

Renal function is related to its structure and three‐dimensional structural parameters correlate better with the kidney function than two‐dimensional structural parameters. Stereology is the current gold‐standard technique for the morphometrical evaluation of kidney structures. This study describes morphometric features of the kidney of the cat using design‐based stereological techniques aimed to introduce the cat as a translational model in nephrology and provide basic findings for diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases in this species. Left kidneys of four cats were included in the present study. The kidney volume, volume fraction of cortex and medulla, glomerular volume, glomerular mean volume, glomerular number, and proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) length were estimated. The kidney volume was estimated to 11.4 ± 1.3 cm3. The volume fraction of cortex and medulla was 65.6 ± 2% and 34.2 ± 2%, respectively. The total number of glomeruli was estimated to be 186 ± 11 × 103 using the physical disector/fractionator method. The mean glomerular volume was estimated to be 1.54 ± 0.06 × 106 μm3 and the glomerular volume was covering 2.13 ± 0.34% of the whole kidney. The total length of PCT and DCT was estimated to be 2.26 ± 0.48 km and 505 ± 43 m, respectively. Our data might contribute to the knowledge of kidneys in mammals and provide a comparison with available data on human and other mammals. Anat Rec, 302:1846–1854, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Oxygen Microbubble Generator Enabled by Tunable Catalytic Microtubes
Authors: Naeem Sumayyah , Naeem Farah , Liu Jinrun , Quiñones Vladimir A. Bolaños , Zhang Jing , He Le , Huang Gaoshan , Solovev Alexander A. , Mei Yongfeng
Published: May 2019

Rolled‐up catalytic Ti/Cr/Pt microtubes, consisting of inorganic nanomembranes integrated on‐chip, are used to generate oxygen microbubbles in solutions of hydrogen peroxide. Oxygen bubble parameters (frequency, radius and volumetric flow rate) are optimized at different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and common dish soap. Increasing the aspect ratio of the microtube (e.g., tube length/diameter) leads to the formation of smaller bubbles, but at higher frequencies. Longer tubes produce less total oxygen volume in comparison to shorter tubes. We attribute this observation to the specific dynamic behaviours of bubbles in tubes.
All Eukaryotes Are Sexual, unless Proven Otherwise
Authors: Hofstatter Paulo G. , Lahr Daniel J. G.
Published: May 2019

Here a wide distribution of meiotic machinery is shown, indicating the occurrence of sexual processes in all major eukaryotic groups, without exceptions, including the putative “asexuals.” Meiotic machinery has evolved from archaeal DNA repair machinery by means of ancestral gene duplications. Sex is very conserved and widespread in eukaryotes, even though its evolutionary importance is still a matter of debate. The main processes in sex are plasmogamy, followed by karyogamy and meiosis. Meiosis is fundamentally a chromosomal process, which implies recombination and ploidy reduction. Several eukaryotic lineages are proposed to be asexual because their sexual processes are never observed, but presumed asexuality correlates with lack of study. The authors stress the complete lack of meiotic proteins in nucleomorphs and their almost complete loss in the fungus Malassezia. Inversely, complete sets of meiotic proteins are present in fungal groups Glomeromycotina, Trichophyton, and Cryptococcus. Endosymbiont Perkinsela and endoparasitic Microsporidia also present meiotic proteins.
Poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT)/Antimony‐doped Tin Oxide Polymer Composite for Near Infrared Absorption Coating Applications
Authors: Sim Ju Yong , Raj C. Justin , Yu Kook Hyun
Published: May 2019

The biodegradable poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) polymer was synthesized via one pot synthesis technique using adipic acid and butanediol. The polymerization of synthesized sample was confirmed using FTIR, NMR, and TGA analysis. The PBAT/ATO films were fabricated via spray coating technique utilizing various concentrations of ATO nanoparticles in PBAT polymer solution and optimized the film quality through optical (NIR) and surface analysis. The polymer film having 7 wt % of ATO in PBAT showed good transparency in the UV, visible light and shown approximately 41% absorption in the near infrared region. Moreover, the 7 wt % ATO based polymer film exhibited low surface roughness and uniform coating over the substrate. In addition, near infrared absorbing efficiency of PBAT/ATO composite film in outdoor was demonstrated by constructing a PBAT/ATO (7 wt %)/vinyl greenhouse and the temperature differences were comparatively studied with a bare vinyl green house.
Spectrum–effect relationship study between HPLC fingerprints and antioxidant of honeysuckle extract
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Zhu Shu , Liu Qian , Zhang Yongqing
Published: May 2019

Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica flos) is a well‐known agent of edible and medicinal value in China and its antioxidative activity makes a major contribution to its dual use. However, the compounds responsible for its antioxidative activity are still unknown. In this study, 10 batches of honeysuckle were collected from different origins in China. The fingerprints were established by HPLC technique to investigate the compounds and a 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay was carried out to evaluate their antioxidant activity. partial least squares regression analysis was applied to set up the regression equation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and average peak area of common peaks of fingerprints. The results showed that peaks 10 (isochlorogenic acid B), 12 (isochlorogenic acid C), 11 (isochlorogenic acid A) and 9 (cynaroside) in the fingerprints were closely related to the antioxidant activity of 50% methanol extracts of honeysuckle. This study successfully established the spectrum–effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and DPPH radical scavenging activity and provided a general model for exploring active components with a combination of chromatography and efficacy.
Prepare to handle challenges, opportunities, legal obligations of executive searches
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2019

CLEARWATER, FLA. — When you serve on your institution's executive search committee, you can expect to encounter plenty of challenges, opportunities, and legal obligations. So before you launch headlong into that search for a new vice president, provost, or president, you'll want to equip yourself with proven strategies. You can start by reviewing the practical guidance and lessons learned shared by John Kroger, J.D., visiting professor of law at Harvard Law School and former president of Reed College in Oregon; David A. Armstrong, J.D., president of St. Thomas University in Miami; and Bobby Colón, J.D., general counsel at the Rochester Institute of Technology. They spoke at Stetson University's National Conference on the Law & Higher Education.
Racial differences in patterns of treatment among men diagnosed with de novo advanced prostate cancer: A SEER‐Medicare investigation
Authors: Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Ruterbusch Julie J. , Cooney Kathleen A. , Bolton Adam , Schwartz Kendra , Schwartz Ann G. , Heath Elisabeth
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Approximately 5% of men were initially diagnosed with (also referred to as de novo) advanced stage prostate cancer and experience far poorer survival compared to men diagnosed with local or regionally advanced disease. Given the number of new therapies targeting metastatic and castrate‐resistant disease, we sought to describe recent treatment patterns by race for de novo AJCC stage IV prostate cancer.

Methods

We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data linked to Medicare files to identify men aged 66 and older diagnosed in 2004‐2014 with advanced prostate cancer, and examined patterns of treatment among all patients and stratified by race/ethnicity.

Results

There were 8828 eligible patients identified, and non‐Hispanic black (NHB) patients were more likely to go without treatment (P < 0.001) compared to non‐Hispanic white (NHW) patients, even after accounting for early mortality and TNM stage. The frequency of nearly all forms of treatment was lower among NHB with the exception of orchiectomy, which was significantly higher (10.1% vs 6.1%, P < 0.001), and the use of the progesterone Megace among Medicare Part D enrollees (24.6% vs 15.0%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Results from this study of elderly Medicare patients presenting with advanced stage prostate cancer suggest that NHB men are less likely to pursue aggressive treatment options. With the reduction in screening for prostate cancer, presumably tied to USPSTF recommendations, and the increasing incidence of men diagnosed with de novo metastatic disease, understanding drivers of treatment‐related decisions are critical in reducing racial disparities in advanced prostate cancer outcomes.
Observations of Membrane Domain Reorganization in Mechanically Compressed Artificial Cells
Authors: Robinson Tom , Dittrich Petra S.
Published: May 2019

Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are considered to be the gold standard for assembling artificial cells from the bottom up. In this study, we investigated the behavior of such biomimetic vesicles as they were subjected to mechanical compression. A microfluidic device is presented that comprises a trap to capture GUVs and a microstamp that is deflected downwards to mechanically compress the trapped vesicle. After characterization of the device, we show that single‐phase GUVs can be controllably compressed to a high degree of deformation (D=0.40) depending on the pressure applied to the microstamp. A permeation assay was implemented to show that vesicle bursting is prevented by water efflux. Next, we mechanically compressed GUVs with co‐existing liquid‐ordered and liquid‐disordered membrane phases. Upon compression, we observed that the normally stable lipid domains reorganized themselves across the surface and fused into larger domains. This phenomenon, observed here in a model membrane system, not only gives us insights into how the multicomponent membranes of artificial cells behave, but might also have interesting consequences for the role of lipid rafts in biological cells that are subjected to compressive forces in a natural environment.
Asymmetric Catalysis in Liquid Confinement: Probing the Performance of Novel Chiral Rhodium–Diene Complexes in Microemulsions and Conventional Solvents
Authors: Deimling Max , Kirchhof Manuel , Schwager Barbara , Qawasmi Yaseen , Savin Alex , Mühlhäuser Tina , Frey Wolfgang , Claasen Birgit , Baro Angelika , Sottmann Thomas , Laschat Sabine
Published: May 2019

The role of liquid confinement on the asymmetric Rh catalysis was studied using the 1,2‐addition of phenylboroxine (2) toN‐tosylimine1in the presence of [RhCl(C2H4)2]2and chiral diene ligands as benchmark reaction. To get access to Rh complexes of different polarity, enantiomerically pure C2‐symmetricp‐substituted 3,6‐diphenylbicyclo[3.3.0]octadienes4and diastereomerically enriched unsymmetric norbornadienes5and6carrying either the Evans or the SuperQuat auxiliary were synthesized. A microemulsion containing the equal amounts of H2O/KOH and toluene/reactants was formulated using the hydrophilic sugar surfactantn‐octyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside (C8G1) to mediate the miscibility between the nonpolar reactants and KOH, needed to activate the Rh–diene complex. Prominent features of this organized reaction medium are its temperature insensitivity as well as the presence of water and toluene‐rich compartments with a domain size of 55 Å confirmed by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Although bicyclooctadiene ligands4 a,b,eperformed equally well under homogeneous and microemulsion conditions, ligands4 c,dgave a different chemoselectivity. For norbornadienes5,6, however, microemulsions markedly improved conversion and enantioselectivity as well as reaction rate, as was confirmed by kinetic studies using ligand5 b.