bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Phase‐Locking of Tropical North Atlantic and the Contribution of ENSO
Authors: Chen Han‐Ching , Jin Fei‐Fei , Jiang Leishan
Published: November 2021

The Tropical North Atlantic (TNA) is characterized by significant interannual variability in sea surface temperature (SST), which is phase‐locked to the boreal spring. In this study, the phase‐locking of TNA is investigated by adopting a linear stochastic‐dynamical model (SDM) using seasonally modulated TNA feedbacks together with the seasonal modulation of ENSO forcing. In the observations, the role of local TNA feedbacks and ENSO forcing in TNA phase‐locking are equivalently important with both preferring the peak of TNA variability to appear in the boreal spring. Besides, the seasonal modulation of TNA feedbacks and ENSO forcing strength are both mainly controlled by thermodynamic processes. In most climate models, the contribution of ENSO on TNA phase‐locking is weaker than that in observations. The strength of ENSO‐related TNA phase‐locking is highly correlated with the relationship between ENSO and TNA, which is mainly determined by the amplitude of ENSO and its teleconnection patterns.
Impact of Formation Pathways on Secondary Inorganic Aerosol During Haze Pollution in Beijing: Quantitative Evidence From High‐Resolution Observation and Modeling
Authors: Gao Jie , Li Yiming , Li Jiayun , Shi Guoliang , Liu Zirui , Han Bo , Tian Xiao , Wang Yuesi , Feng Yinchang , Russell Armistead G.
Published: November 2021

Secondary inorganic aerosol (especially SNA: sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) formed from different pathways, account for significant proportions of ambient particulate matter during haze events. For the first time, we quantitatively explored contributions from different SNA formation pathways by an online monitoring AMS instrument and 3‐dimension factor analysis PMF3 model, which is called “SNA formation pathway apportionment”. Three formation process were identified: NH4NO3 heterogeneous phase reactions (NH4NO3‐heter), (NH4)2SO4 gas phase reactions ((NH4)2SO4‐gas), and mixed NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4 aqueous phase processes (S&N‐aque). Their overall contributions to SNA were 25.7%, 22.1%, and 52.2%, respectively. Moreover, (NH4)2SO4‐gas contributed mainly in clean (52.1%); S&N‐aque got the highest contribution in haze episode (69.6%); while sulfate gas phase formations were also found in haze stage (10.3%). The quantitative findings from this work provide hard evidence that aqueous phase processes (including sulfate aqueous phase reactions and nitrate gas‐particle partition) were major drivers for SNA increasing.
Pressure Destabilizes Oxygen Vacancies in Bridgmanite
Authors: Fei Hongzhan , Liu Zhaodong , Huang Rong , Kamada Seiji , Hirao Naohisa , Kawaguchi Saori , McCammon Catherine , Katsura Tomoo
Published: November 2021

Bridgmanite may contain a large proportion of ferric iron in its crystal structure in the forms of FeFeO3and MgFeO2.5components. We investigated the pressure dependence of FeFeO3and MgFeO2.5contents in bridgmanite coexisting with MgFe2O4‐phase and with or without ferropericlase in the MgO‐SiO2‐Fe2O3ternary system at 2,300 K, 33 and 40 GPa. Together with the experiments at 27 GPa reported in Fei et al. (2020,https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086296), our results show that the FeFeO3and MgFeO2.5contents in bridgmanite decrease from 7.6 to 5.3 mol % and from 2 to 3 mol % to nearly zero, respectively, with increasing pressure from 27 to 40 GPa. Accordingly, the total Fe3+decreases from 0.18 to 0.11 pfu. The formation of oxygen vacancies (MgFeO2.5component) in bridgmanite is therefore dramatically suppressed by pressure. Oxygen vacancies can be produced by ferric iron in Fe3+‐rich bridgmanite under the topmost lower mantle conditions, but the concentration should decrease rapidly with increasing pressure. The variation of oxygen‐vacancy content with depth may potentially affect the physical properties of bridgmanite and thus affect mantle dynamics.
High Electrical Conductivity of Olivine at Oxidizing Conditions of the Shallow Mantle and Geophysical Implications
Authors: Liu Hanyong , Zhu Qiao , Xu Xisheng , Fei Hongzhan , Yang Xiaozhi
Published: November 2021

High electrical conductivity in the shallow mantle has long been recognized by electromagnetic depth soundings, but the origin remains debated. Various candidates, of which the two most popular are water enrichment in olivine (the dominant mineral in the upper mantle) and partial melt, have been proposed to explain the electrical anomalies. These models nearly exclusively assume a very low conductivity for dry or water‐poor olivine. Here, we show by experimental work that, under well‐controlled conditions of pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity (fO2), and water inventory, the conductivity of olivine is in fact insensitive to water content at mantle temperature (e.g., >1,000°C), although the enhancement is substantial at relatively low temperature. In particular, the conductivity of olivine at temperature beyond ∼1,000°C is strikingly high, about 0.01–0.1 S/m, at the oxidizing conditions of the shallow mantle. The high conductivity is comparable to the geophysically measured high conductivity in many conductive regions of the shallow mantle. The results provide a new framework for understanding the electrical anomalies and electrical structure of the shallow mantle.
Multivariate Statistical Appraisal of Regional Susceptibility to Induced Seismicity: Application to the Permian Basin, SW United States
Authors: Hicks Stephen P. , Goes Saskia , Whittaker Alexander C. , Stafford Peter J.
Published: November 2021

Induced earthquake sequences are typically interpreted through causal triggering mechanisms. However, studies of causality rarely consider large regions and why some regions experiencing similar anthropogenic activities remain largely aseismic. Therefore, it can be difficult to forecast seismic hazard at a regional scale. In contrast, multivariate statistical methods allow us to find the combinations of factors that correlate best with seismicity, which can help form the basis of hypotheses that can be subsequently tested with physical models. While strong correlations do not necessarily equate to causality, such a statistical approach is particularly important for large regions with newly emergent seismicity comprising multiple distinct clusters and multifaceted industrial operations. Recent induced seismicity in the Permian Basin provides an excellent test‐bed for multivariate statistical analyses because the main causal industrial and geological factors driving earthquakes in the region remain highly debated. Here, we use logistic regression to retrospectively predict the spatial variation of seismicity across the western Permian Basin. We reproduce the broad distribution of seismicity using a combination of both industrial and geological factors. Our model shows that the proximity to neotectonic faults west of the Delaware Basin is the most important factor that contributes to induced seismicity. The second‐most important factor is salt‐water disposal at shallow depths, with hydraulic fracturing playing a less dominant role. The higher tectonic stressing, together with a poor correlation between seismicity and large‐volume deep salt‐water disposal wells, indicates a very different mechanism of induced seismicity compared to that in Oklahoma.
Overlooked Significant Impact of Trace Metals on the Bacterial Community of PM2.5 in High‐Time Resolution
Authors: Xu Caihong , Chen Hui , Zhu Chao , Li Jiarong , Xie Guangzhao , Zhao Jinzhuo , Zhao Zhuohui , Kan Haidong , Ouyang Huiling , Tang Xu , Guo Xueping , Yin Daqiang , Li Dan , Sui Guodong , Chen Jianmin
Published: November 2021

Bioaerosol has been increasingly recognized as a hazardous factor, possibly leading to environmental issues and health risks. However, the driving factors were rarely investigated, which impeded comprehensive assessment of environmental quality. Herein ambient trace metals and bacterial community in PM2.5 and their interactions during severe pollution were characterized in high time resolution. The results showed that the mass concentrations of total trace elements in PM2.5 were 1.4–9.4 μg m−3, with As and Cr exceeding the national standard, which might pose health risks to humans, especially children with frequently hand‐to‐mouth activity. The airborne bacterial community structure responded to the changing environmental and meteorological variables including PM2.5, related water‐soluble ions, SO2, O3, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Our results suggested that the trace metal was an overlooked factor in shaping the bacterial community compared to PM2.5, related water‐soluble inorganic ions, trace gases, and meteorological variables based on the aggregated boosted tree. Cd, Ga, and Nb were main trace metals factors affecting the bacterial community. The better knowledge of airborne bacterial diversity in high‐time resolution were essential to assess the environmental quality and help to explore the interactions of bioaerosols and atmospheric pollutants in PM2.5. The synergistic toxicity effects for the combination of trace metals and bioaerosol should be considered in future studies when evaluating their health effects.
The Oligocene‐Miocene Guadalope‐Matarranya Fan, Spain, as an Analog for Long‐Lived, Ridge‐Bearing Megafans on Mars
Authors: Hayden A. T. , Lamb M. P. , Myrow P. M. , Mohrig D. , Williams R. M. E. , Cuevas Martínez J. L. , Cardenas B. T. , Findlay C. P. , Ewing R. C. , McElroy B. J.
Published: November 2021

Numerous sedimentary fans on Mars have been studied to better understand the early martian hydrological system. Of particular interest is to estimate the duration of fluvial activity from alluvial fan size by dividing deposit volume by bankfull sediment flux. However, such a calculation requires an intermittency factor—a parameter relating sediment discharge from channel‐filling (bankfull) floods to the long‐term mean sediment discharge—which is poorly constrained. Here, we investigated fluvial fan deposits from the Oligocene–Miocene Caspe Formation, Spain, as an analog to fans on Mars because it has exhumed channel belts that create sinuous ridges in the modern topography, similar to those observed on Mars that are used for paleohydraulics. We made measurements of the thicknesses of dune and bar cross sets within exhumed channel belts at nine field sites to reconstruct bankfull channel depth (∼1.4 m) and bankfull sediment flux (∼0.48 m3/s). We estimated total bed‐material sediment volume of the fan (362 km3) from stratigraphic thickness, the area containing exhumed channel belts, porosity and sand fraction. Combined with previous constraints on depositional timespan (∼6 Myr), we calculated a sediment‐transport intermittency factor of 0.004 (range: 0.0004–0.04). Our approach can be applied to Mars by using remote sensing measurements of fluvial ridge morphology, which indicates the possibility of long depositional timespans exceeding millions of years for martian fans.
TCF7L1 regulates cytokine response and neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer
Authors: Wen Yu-Ching , Liu Yen-Nien , Yeh Hsiu-Lien , Chen Wei-Hao , Jiang Kuo-Ching , Lin Shian-Ren , Huang Jiaoti , Hsiao Michael , Chen Wei-Yu
Published: November 2021

Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is associated with WNT signaling activation and can be significantly observed after failure of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostatic adenocarcinomas. Cytokine signaling is stimulated in NED prostate cancer; however, how ADT-upregulated WNT signaling promotes activation of cytokine signaling and contributes to NED of prostate cancer is poorly understood. In this study, we identified ADT-mediated upregulation of transcription factor 7 like 1 (TCF7L1), which increases the cytokine response and enhances NED of prostate cancer through interleukin (IL)-8/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2) signaling activation. ADT induced the secretion of WNT4 which upon engagement of TCF7L1 in prostate cancer cells, enhanced IL-8 and CXCR2 expressions. TCF7L1 directly binds to the regulatory sequence region of IL-8 and CXCR2 through WNT4 activation, thus upregulating IL-8/CXCR2 signaling-driven NED and cell motility. Analysis of prostate tissue samples collected from small-cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer (SCPC) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) tumors showed an increased intensity of nuclear TCF7L1 associated with CXCR2. Our results suggest that induction of WNT4/TCF7L1 results in increased NED and malignancy in prostate cancer that is linked to dysregulation of androgen receptor signaling and activation of the IL-8/CXCR2 pathway.
Associations between expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase enzyme and inflammatory cytokines in patients with first-episode drug-naive Schizophrenia
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shi Han , Yang Ge , Yang Yongfeng , Li Wenqiang , Song Meng , Shao Minglong , Su Xi , Lv Luxian
Published: November 2021

The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme is the first rate-limiting enzyme of the tryptophan degradation pathway in which dysfunction of neuroactive metabolites has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Inflammatory molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines could enhance the activity of IDO. There are few studies on the expression of IDO levels and its correlation with levels of inflammatory cytokines in first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. One hundred inpatients (female = 33, male = 67) with first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia entered a 6-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. All individuals were assigned celecoxib or placebo combined with risperidone. Serum levels of IDO and six inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α IL-17, IL-4, and INF-γ) were measured. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the severity of psychotic symptoms. Compared to healthy subjects, patients had significantly elevated levels of IDO and six cytokines at baseline. Over the 6-week treatment period, the decrease in the levels of IDO and TNF-α and the improvement in the PANSS total score, positive scores, and negative scores in the celecoxib group were significantly greater than in the placebo group. There was a significantly positive correlation between IDO levels and the PANSS negative scores and between IDO levels and TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in the celecoxib group. These findings showed abnormal expression of IDO levels which correlated with negative symptoms and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia, suggesting the important role of IDO in the pathological mechanism of schizophrenia. Registration number: ChiCTR2000041403.
Lactobacillus spp. create a protective micro-ecological environment through regulating the core fucosylation of vaginal epithelial cells against cervical cancer
Authors: Fan Qingjie , Wu Yuanhang , Li Mechou , An Fan , Yao Lulu , Wang Meixian , Wang Xiuying , Yuan Jieli , Jiang Kui , Li Wenzhe , Li Ming
Published: November 2021

Vaginal dysbiosis often occurs in patients with cervical cancer. The fucosylation of mucosal epithelial cells is closely related to microbial colonization, and play an important role in protecting the vaginal mucosal epithelial cells. However, no reports on the relationship between vaginal dysbiosis and abnormal mucosal epithelial cell fucosylation, and their roles in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer are unavailable. Here we report that core fucosylation levels were significantly lower in the serum, exfoliated cervical cells and tumor tissue of cervical cancer patients. Core fucosyltransferase gene (Fut8) knockout promoted the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells. In patients with cervical cancer, the vaginal dysbiosis, and the abundance ofLactobacillus, especiallyL. iners, was significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the abundance ofL.inerswas positively correlated with core fucosylation levels. TheL. inersmetabolite lactate can activate the Wnt pathway through the lactate-Gpr81 complex, which increases the level of core fucosylation in epidermal cells, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells, and have application prospects in regulating the vaginal microecology and preventing cervical cancer.
Suppressive role of E3 ubiquitin ligase FBW7 in type I diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice through mediation of ubiquitination of EZH2
Authors: Guo Yingxue , Li Junfeng , Fan Shuang , Hu Qibo
Published: November 2021

The current study tried to uncover the molecular mechanism of E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBW7) in a heritable autoimmune disease, type I diabetes (T1D). After streptozotocin-induced T1D model establishment in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, the protein expression of FBW7, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), and Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (ZBTB16) was quantified. Next, splenocytes and pancreatic beta cells were isolated to measure the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in splenocytes, as well as islet beta-cell apoptosis. Additionally, the stability of EZH2 induced by FBW7 was analyzed by cycloheximide chase assay. The binding affinity of FBW7 and EZH2 and the consequence of ubiquitination were monitored by co-immunoprecipitation assay. Last, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was employed to analyze the accumulation of EZH2 and H3K27me3 at the ZBTB16 promoter region. Our study demonstrated downregulated FBW7 and ZBTB16 and upregulated EZH2 in diabetic NOD mice. Overexpression of FBW7 in the NOD mice inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the splenocytes and the apoptosis of islets beta cells. FBW7 destabilized EZH2 and accelerated ubiquitin-dependent degradation. EZH2 and H3K27me3 downregulated the ZBTB16 expression by accumulating in the ZBTB16 promoter and methylation. FBW7 upregulates the expression of ZBTB16 by targeting histone methyltransferase EZH2 thus reducing the occurrence of T1D.
Bimetallic persulfide nanoflakes assembled by dealloying and sulfurization: a versatile electro-catalyst for overall water splitting and Zn–air batteries
Authors: Wang Mei , Ma Zizai , Zhang Wenjuan , Yuan Hefeng , Kundu Manab , Zhang Zhonghua , Li Jinping , Wang Xiaoguang
Published: November 2021

(CoFe)(S2)2 nanoflakes with graphene-like edges have been synthesized through dealloying and sulfurization, and exhibit multi-functional electro-catalytic performance toward the ORR, OER, HER.
High-temperature polyimide dielectric materials for energy storage: theory, design, preparation and properties
Authors: Liu Xue-Jie , Zheng Ming-Sheng , Chen George , Dang Zhi-Min , Zha Jun-Wei
Published: November 2021

Dielectric capacitors with a high operating temperature applied in electric vehicles, aerospace and underground exploration require dielectric materials with high temperature resistance and high energy density.
Ergothioneine exhibits longevity-extension effect in Drosophila melanogaster via regulation of cholinergic neurotransmission, tyrosine metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Pan Hong-Yu , Ye Zhi-Wei , Zheng Qian-Wang , Yun Fan , Tu Ming-Zhen , Hong Wei-Guo , Chen Bai-Xiong , Guo Li-Qiong , Lin Jun-Fang
Published: November 2021

Postulated mechanisms of lifespan extension by EGT: preservation of CNS via the coordination of cholinergic neurotransmission, tyrosine metabolism, and peroxisomal proteins, regulated autophagic activity, and preservation of mitochondrial function.
Photo- and electro-luminescence properties of two coumarin-triarylimidazole hybrid derivatives
Authors: Wu Xiaojing , Su Ruige , Zhao Yuling , Ma Hailin , Liu Xiaoxiao , Qian Long , Han Minghu , Su Wenming , Yu Tianzhi
Published: November 2021

Two coumarin-triarylimidazole hybrid derivatives were synthesized for OLED applications.
Addition of benzyl ethers to alkynes: a metal-free synthesis of 1H-isochromenes
Authors: Kuan Tzu-Hsuan , Kotipalli Trimurtulu , Chen Cheng-Chun , Hou Duen-Ren
Published: November 2021

The synthesis of 1H-isochromenes was achieved by addition of benzyl ethers to alkynes, activated with bromotrimethylsilane (TMSBr).
A brief overview of classical natural product drug synthesis and bioactivity
Authors: Li Gen , Lou Mingliang , Qi Xiangbing
Published: November 2021

This manuscript briefly overviewed the total synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of eight classical natural products, which emphasizes the important role of total synthesis in natural product-based drug development.
Octanuclear Cu(ii) cluster–tungstosilicate composite as efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction at near-neutral pH
Authors: Lin Junqi , Chen Xin , Wang Nini , Liu Shanshan , Chen Yanmei , Tian Zhengfang , Ruan Zhijun
Published: November 2021

Composite synthesized from [Cu8(dpk·OH)8(OAc)4]4+and [α-SiW11O39]8−shows efficient activity for electrochemical water oxidation. Onset overpotential of 370 mV is required for oxygen evolution under near-neutral condition.
A new periodic fractal parasitic structure to design the circularly polarized microstrip antenna for the satellite navigation system
Authors: Wei Kun , Wang Jun‐Long , Xu Rui , Ai Xia
Published: November 2021

This study presents a novel approach to design the single‐feed circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna by the periodic fractal parasitic structure (PFPS). By adding the PFPS along the radiated patch, a new independent orthogonal mode is generated. When the magnitudes of these two modes are the same and the time‐phase difference between them is 90°, the antenna can realise CP radiation. Parameter studies of the PFPS show how to design the CP microstrip antenna. The proposed CP microstrip antenna, designed for the satellite navigation system, has a 30 MHz 10‐dB impedance bandwidth and an 8 MHz 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth in the centre frequency of 1.575 GHz. The advantage of this presented CP antenna is that these two modes for realising the CP radiation are independent of each other. This makes it more convenient to simplify the designing and debugging of the proposed CP antenna.
On the modelling, analysis, and design of a suboptimal controller for a class of wind/PV/battery based DC microgrid
Authors: Arabshahi Mohammad Reza , Torkaman Hossein , Bagheri Mehdi , Keyhani Ali
Published: November 2021

This study deals with the comprehensive modelling, analysis, and control of a DC microgrid (MG) in islanded mode. The proposed DC MG comprises a wind turbine, a photovoltaic (PV) source, battery storage, DC/DC source, and load side converters with DC loads. To this aim, a circuit‐oriented modelling of the whole system is developed. The PV source is modelled with a single‐diode electrical circuit. Afterward, a mathematical model of the system with state‐space representation was derived. A detailed analysis of PV system design is performed because the parameters of PV are appearing in the dynamic model of DC MG. For the purpose of controller development, the dynamic model of the DC MG, which is modelled by a non‐linear‐non‐affine eight‐order system, is linearized around an equilibrium point using the Jacobian matrix framework, while stability using eigenvalue is carried out showing that the stability is guaranteed under operating condition. Finally, for the first time, the state‐dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique is proposed to find the optimal regulation problem for the DC MG with non‐linear‐non‐affine dynamics. The numerical simulation studies first confirm the validity of the performed mathematical, then the effectiveness of the proposed non‐linear controller is evaluated under illumination and load change.
Apertif: Phased array feeds for the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope
Authors: van Cappellen W. A. , Oosterloo T. A. , Verheijen M. A. W. , Adams E. A. K. , Adebahr B. , Braun R. , Hess K. M. , Holties H. , van der Hulst J. M. , Hut B. , Kooistra E. , van Leeuwen J. , Loose G. M. , Morganti R. , Moss V. A. , Orrú E. , Ruiter M. , Schoenmakers A. P. , Vermaas N. J. , Wijnholds S. J. , van Amesfoort A. S. , Arts M. J. , Attema J. J. , Bakker L. , Bassa C. G. , Bast J. E. , Benthem P. , Beukema R. , Blaauw R. , de Blok W. J. G. , Bouwhuis M. , van den Brink R. H. , Connor L. , Coolen A. H. W. M. , Damstra S. , van Diepen G. N. J. , de Goei R. , Dénes H. , Drost M. , Ebbendorf N. , Frank B. S. , Gardenier D. W. , Gerbers M. , Grange Y. G. , Grit T. , Gunst A. W. , Gupta N. , Ivashina M. V. , Józsa G. I. G. , Janssen G. H. , Koster A. , Kruithof G. H. , Kuindersma S. J. , Kutkin A. , Lucero D. M. , Maan Y. , Maccagni F. M. , van der Marel J. , Mika A. , Morawietz J. , Mulder H. , Mulder E. , Norden M. J. , Offringa A. R. , Oostrum L. C. , Overeem R. E. , Paragi Z. , Pepping H. J. , Petroff E. , Pisano D. J. , Polatidis A. G. , Prasad P. , de Reijer J. P. R. , Romein J. W. , Schaap J. , Schoonderbeek G. W. , Schulz R. , van der Schuur D. , Sclocco A. , Sluman J. J. , Smits R. , Stappers B. W. , Straal S. M. , Stuurwold K. J. C. , Verstappen J. , Vohl D. , Wierenga K. J. , Woestenburg E. E. M. , Zanting A. W. , Ziemke J.
Published: November 2021

We describe the APERture Tile In Focus (Apertif) system, a phased array feed (PAF) upgrade of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope that transforms this telescope into a high-sensitivity, wide-field-of-viewL-band imaging and transient survey instrument. Using novel PAF technology, up to 40 partially overlapping beams are formed on the sky simultaneously, significantly increasing the survey speed of the telescope. With this upgraded instrument, an imaging survey covering an area of 2300 deg2is being performed that will deliver both continuum and spectral line datasets, of which the first data have been publicly released. In addition, a time domain transient and pulsar survey covering 15 000 deg2is in progress. An overview of the Apertif science drivers, hardware, and software of the upgraded telescope is presented, along with its key performance characteristics.
Continuity of the value function for deterministic optimal impulse control with terminal state constraint
Authors: Zhou Yue , Feng Xinwei , Yong Jiongmin
Published: November 2021

Deterministic optimal impulse control problem with terminal state constraint is considered. Due to the appearance of the terminal state constraint, the value function might be discontinuous in general. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of an intrinsic condition under which the value function is proved to be continuous. Then by a Bellman dynamic programming principle, the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman type quasi-variational inequality (QVI, for short) is derived. The value function is proved to be a viscosity solution to such a QVI. The issue of whether the value function is characterized as the unique viscosity solution to this QVI is carefully addressed and the answer is left open challengingly.
Optimization of the parameters of a partially regular microrelief by vibration rolling method
Authors: Talamanov Valeriy , Kozenkova Galina , Kozenkov Vladimir , Kondratyev Sergey , Heckert Evgeniy
Published: November 2021

Experience of operating machines shows that their quality depends on the nature of the contact of mating parts. The irregular nature of the surface microrelief, which is due to traditional treatment methods used, arises difficulties in solving three main problems of microgeometry optimization: reliable, theoretically substantiated normalization, technological support, accurate measurement and control. This determined the direction in solving the problem of increasing the accuracy and reliability of the surface quality normalization, that is the microrelief normalization. At present, there are a large number of technological methods for surface treatment aimed to form a regular microrelief on it. One of the most common and studied methods for the regular microrelief formation is the vibration rolling method based on thin plastic deformation of the surface metal layers and a complex relative displacement of the treated surface and the deforming element. Significant progress in the surface quality normalization was achieved after the introduction of GOST 24773-81, the standard for regular microreliefs. For example, the nomenclature of parameters and characteristics of partially regular microreliefs includes the relative area occupied by regular inhomogeneities FH. FH is a value expressed as a percentage of the area occupied by regular inhomogeneities to the area of the treated surface. If FH is determined for the 2A·Sk area within the boundaries of a microrelief element at different axial steps of regular inhomogeneities, the microgeometry of a partially regular microrelief can be described ambiguously. To avoid this, it is necessary to consider the multiplicity of the ratio of the amplitude A to the axial step So.
Detektion des subklinischen Keratokonus
Authors: Degle Stephan
Published: November 2021

Das Frühstadium eines Keratokonus, ohne klassische und kennzeichnende klinische Befunde, stellt eine Kontraindikation für refraktive Chirurgie dar. Dieser Beitrag zeigt deshalb gemäß dem aktuellen Stand der Technik Möglichkeiten auf, Risikofaktoren für einen subklinischen Keratokonus zu erkennen.
Benigne Lidtumoren
Authors: Feldmann Maria Luisa , Chankiewitz Erik , Sonntag Svenja R. , Emmert Steffen , Ranjbar Mahdy , Grisanti Salvatore , Kakkassery Vinodh
Published: November 2021

Benigne Lidtumoren sind vielfältig. In diesem Beitrag werden die häufigsten benignen Augenlidtumoren hinsichtlich Inzidenz, Klinik, Risikofaktoren, Symptomatik, histopathologischen Besonderheiten und Entartungs- sowie Rezidivwahrscheinlichkeit beleuchtet. Herausgearbeitet wird, wann eine systemische Abklärung erforderlich bzw. eine Probe zum Ausschluss eines Malignoms empfohlen ist und wie die Nachsorge auch im Hinblick auf eine spätere Entartung der Wucherung erfolgen sollte.
Neuroradiologie für den Augenarzt
Authors: Fitsiori Aikaterini , Steffen Heimo
Published: November 2021

Zu den neuroophthalmologischen Erkrankungen gehören Läsionen der Sehbahn einschließlich der Retina und des Sehnervs, Anomalien der Augenstellung und/oder -motilität sowie Pupillenstörungen 1. CT und MRT spielen bei der Diagnosestellung, der Ausbreitung eines Krankheitsprozesses und differenzialdiagnostischen Überlegungen eine herausragende Rolle. Ziel dieses Fortbildungsartikels ist es, dem Augenarzt einen Überblick über diese Untersuchungsverfahren und ihren Einsatz bei für den Augenarzt relevanten Erkrankungen zu geben.
Sind Prävalenzen in Survey- und Routinedaten vergleichbar?
Herzinfarktprävalenzen in Krankenkassendaten der AOK Niedersachsen und
in Daten der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland
(DEGS1)
Authors: Epping Jelena , Safieddine Batoul , Geyer Siegfried , Tetzlaff Juliane
Published: November 2021

Ziele der Studie In dieser Studie wurde ein Vergleich von
Herzinfarktprävalenzen zwischen Krankenkassen- und
Gesundheitsbefragungsdaten vorgenommen. Bisherige Vergleichsstudien haben die
jeweilige Population verwendet, ohne mögliche Unterschiede in der
soziodemografischen Struktur zu berücksichtigen. Der hier verfolgte
Ansatz hatte zum Ziel, die soziodemografische Struktur über
verfügbare Informationen in beiden Datensätzen anzugleichen und
den Vergleich der Prävalenzen bei parallelisierten Stichproben
vorzunehmen.

Methodik Für die Analyse wurden die Daten der Studie zur
Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1) und Abrechnungsdaten der AOK
Niedersachsen (AOKN) verwendet. Um die soziodemografische Struktur der beiden
Datensätze anzugleichen wurde eine nach Geschlecht, Alter und
Berufsbildungsabschluss parallelisierte Stichprobe aus den AOKN-Daten gezogen.
Im Rahmen einer Sensitivitätsanalyse wurden weitere Stichproben gezogen
und eine Gesamtprävalenz daraus gebildet.

Ergebnisse Es wurden Daten von 5779 DEGS1-Befragten und 22 534
AOKN-Versicherten für die Analyse verwendet. Nach der Parallelisierung
der Versichertenstichprobe nach Geschlecht, Alter und Berufsbildungsabschluss
ließen sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der
Herzinfarktprävalenz zwischen Krankenkassendaten der AOKN und Daten aus
dem Gesundheitssurvey DEGS1 feststellen. Bei Männern bestehen Tendenzen
zu niedrigeren Herzinfarktprävalenzen in den AOKN-Daten.
Mögliche Erklärung dafür ist entweder die vermutete
Selektion von weniger morbiden Versicherten durch die Verwendung des
Berufsbildungsabschlusses in den Daten der AOKN zur Parallelisierung oder aber
mögliche Erinnerungsfehler der Befragten in DEGS1.

Schlussfolgerung Für die Interpretation von
Erkrankungsprävalenzen aus unterschiedlichen Datenquellen können
Unterschiede in der soziodemografischen Struktur eine Rolle spielen. Dies kann
mittels Parallelisierung der Stichproben ausgeglichen werden. Künftige
vergleichende Analysen mit Routinedaten sollten verfügbare
soziodemografische Informationen berücksichtigen. Eine Ausweitung des
Ansatzes auf Krankheiten wie Diabetes und Stoffwechselstörungen ist in
Planung.
Erfassung der Verletztenversorgung in Krankenhausabrechnungsdaten:
Leistungen der BG Kliniken zu Lasten der Gesetzlichen
Unfallversicherung
Authors: Nimptsch Ulrike , Blümel Miriam , Topf Thomas , Stepath Kai , Busse Reinhard
Published: November 2021

Hintergrund Mit der Fallpauschalenbezogenen Krankenhausstatistik
(DRG-Statistik) verfügt Deutschland über ein nahezu
vollständiges Register aller akutstationären
Krankenhausbehandlungen. Behandlungen zu Lasten der gesetzlichen
Unfallversicherung, die in Krankenhäusern der Berufsgenossenschaften (BG
Kliniken) erbracht werden, sind jedoch von der von der Abrechnung nach dem
DRG-System und damit von der Datenübermittlungspflicht ausgenommen.
Daher ist davon auszugehen, dass die DRG-Statistik im Bereich der
Verletztenversorgung das stationäre Behandlungsaufkommen nicht
vollständig abbildet.

Methode Zur Abbildung der Versorgung von Verletzungen und
Verletzungsfolgen wurden Leistungsgruppen definiert, deren Fallzahlen sowohl in
den Mikrodaten der DRG-Statistik als auch in den Leistungsdaten aller neun BG
Kliniken berechnet wurden. Durch die Unterscheidung des Kostenträgers in
den Leistungsdaten der BG Kliniken (Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung vs. andere)
ließen sich die Schnittmenge der beiden Datenbestände sowie der
Anteil der nicht in der DRG-Statistik enthaltenen und damit nicht erfassten
Behandlungsfälle quantifizieren. Einbezogen wurden die Datenjahre 2016
bis 2018.

Ergebnisse Je nach Leistungsgruppe liegt die Untererfassung der
Behandlungsfälle in der DRG-Statistik kumuliert über die Jahre
2016 bis 2018 zwischen 0,1% und mehr als 60%. Die
größten Anteile der nicht in der DRG-Statistik erfassten
Behandlungsfälle betreffen die Frührehabilitation nach
Schädel-Hirn-Verletzungen (Untererfassung 61%), die Versorgung
von Querschnittverletzungen (Untererfassung 14% bei Erstversorgung,
23% bei Folgebehandlung), Amputationsverletzungen (Untererfassung
13%) und schwere Handverletzungen (Untererfassung 5%).

Schlussfolgerung Die Mikrodaten der DRG-Statistik sind in Bezug auf
Erkrankungen und Behandlungen, die nicht in die Leistungspflicht der
gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung fallen, als nahezu vollständig
anzusehen. In der Verletztenversorgung ergeben sich jedoch
größere Erfassungslücken durch die Versorgung in den BG
Kliniken zu Lasten der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung. Eine
vollständige Abbildung der Verletztenversorgung ist nur unter
Einbeziehung der Leistungsdaten der BG Kliniken möglich.
Enantioselective, Copper-Catalyzed Addition of Nucleophilic Silicon to Alkenyl-Substituted Phosphine Oxides
Authors: Oestreich Martin , Hong Dou , Mao Wenbin , Irran Elisabeth
Published: November 2021

An enantioselective β-silylation of α,β-unsaturated phosphine oxide derivatives using a silylboronic ester as the silicon pronucleophile is reported. The reaction is catalyzed by copper salts in the presence of chiral pyridine–oxazoline (PyOx) ligands. Good to high enantioselectivities (≤95% ee) are obtained for β-aryl-substituted acceptors whereas alkyl residues in the β-position led to a lower ee value for 1° and no reaction for 2° and 3°. The new method represents another way of accessing α-chiral silanes and complements the known β-borylation.
Effects of Landau damping and collision on stimulated Raman scattering with various phase-space distributions
Authors: Xie Shanxiu , Chen Yong , Ye Junchen , Chen Yugu , Peng Na , Xiao Chengzhuo
Published: November 2021

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is one of the main instabilities affecting success of fusion ignition. Here, we study the relationship between Raman growth and Landau damping with various distribution functions combining the analytic formulas and Vlasov simulations. The Landau damping obtained by Vlasov–Poisson simulation and Raman growth rate obtained by Vlasov–Maxwell simulation are anti-correlated, which is consistent with our theoretical analysis quantitatively. Maxwellian distribution, flattened distribution, and bi-Maxwellian distribution are studied in detail, which represent three typical stages of SRS. We also demonstrate the effects of plateau width, hot-electron fraction, hot-to-cold electron temperature ratio, and collisional damping on the Landau damping and growth rate. They gives us a deep understanding of SRS and possible ways to mitigate SRS through manipulating distribution functions to a high Landau damping regime.
Characterization of the N-polar GaN film grown on C-plane sapphire and misoriented C-plane sapphire substrates by MOCVD
Authors: Hu Xiaotao , Song Yimeng , Su Zhaole , Jia Haiqiang , Wang Wenxin , Jiang Yang , Li Yangfeng , Chen Hong
Published: November 2021

Gallium nitride (GaN) thin film of the nitrogen polarity (N-polar) was grown on C-plane sapphire and misoriented C-plane sapphire substrates respectively by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The misorientation angle is off-axis from C-plane toward M-plane of the substrates, and the angle is 2° and 4° respectively. The nitrogen polarity was confirmed by examining the images of the scanning electron microscope before and after the wet etching in potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. The morphology was studied by the optical microscope and atomic force microscope. The crystalline quality was characterized by the x-ray diffraction. The lateral coherence length, the tilt angle, the vertical coherence length, and the vertical lattice-strain were acquired using the pseudo-Voigt function to fit the x-ray diffraction curves and then calculating with four empirical formulae. The lateral coherence length increases with the misorientation angle, because higher step density and shorter distance between adjacent steps can lead to larger lateral coherence length. The tilt angle increases with the misorientation angle, which means that the misoriented substrate can degrade the identity of crystal orientation of the N-polar GaN film. The vertical lattice-strain decreases with the misorientation angle. The vertical coherence length does not change a lot as the misorientation angle increases and this value of all samples is close to the nominal thickness of the N-polar GaN layer. This study helps to understand the influence of the misorientation angle of misoriented C-plane sapphire on the morphology, the crystalline quality, and the microstructure of N-polar GaN films.
The influence of waterproofing additives introduced into the mass of fresh concrete on the on the durability feature of the hardened concrete
Authors: Tuns I , Isopescu D N , Tamas F L , Boian I
Published: November 2021

The constructions with fluid retention and storage in general, between which the water holds a significant weight, are permanently exposed of physical and mechanical actions of deposited agent, with the continuous manifestation of the exfiltration tendency, herby the requirement of performance at tightness becomes essential. If the constructions that fulfill this role are realized of reinforced concrete, the tightness at fluid in general and at water in particular of the elements which compose the storage space is insured in a significant proportion by the waterproofing qualities of the structural concrete put in place. When the process of waterproofing concrete is clean and environmentally friendly and leads to improvement of initial physical-mechanical characteristics, represents an essential element in the combined approach of the performance requirements regarding the tightness and resistance condition. In this paper is presented a research study concerning the positive influence of waterproofing additive “Penetron” introduced into the fresh concrete mass used to realization of structural elements, with the role of storage and treatment of waste water, to mechanical characteristics of concrete after hardening.
On-board driver assistance systems classification
Authors: Khorychev A A
Published: November 2021

This article contains a brief overview of the known classifications of on-board driver assistance systems, the fundamental principles of a possible classification (based on a systematic approach and flow theory) and their application to systems of on-board driver assistance systems. The new classification criteria for the classification requirements is proposed for on-board driver assistance systems that take into account the peculiarities of the Russian Federation road network.
Wideband mid-infrared thermal emitter based on stacked nanocavity metasurfaces
Authors: Cao Tun , Lian Meng , Liu Kuan , Lou Xianchao , Guo Yaoming , Guo Dongming
Published: November 2021

Efficient thermal radiation in the mid-infrared (M-IR) region is of supreme importance for many applications including thermal imaging and sensing, thermal infrared light sources, infrared spectroscopy, emissivity coatings, and camouflage. The ability to control light makes metasurfaces an attractive platform for infrared applications. Recently, different metamaterials have been proposed to achieve high thermal radiation. To date, broadening the radiation bandwidth of a metasurface emitter (meta-emitter) has become a key goal to enable extensive applications. We experimentally demonstrate a broadband M-IR thermal emitter using stacked nanocavity metasurface consisting of two pairs of circular-shaped dielectric (Si3N4)–metal (Au) stacks. A high thermal radiation can be obtained by engineering the geometry of nanocavity metasurfaces. Such a meta-emitter provides wideband and broad angular absorptance of both p- and s-polarized light, offering a wideband thermal radiation with an average emissivity of more than 80% in the M-IR atmospheric window of 8–14 μm. The experimental illustration together with the theoretical framework establishes a basis for designing broadband thermal emitters, which, as anticipated, will initiate a promising avenue to M-IR sources.
American Literary Criticism in a Time of Pandemic
Authors: Constantinesco Thomas
Published: November 2021

This essay reflects, against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, on the relevance of literary studies in critical times, as well as on the notion of relevance as a measure of literary history and literary criticism. Drawing on the work of Giorgio Agamben and Wendy Brown, it argues for a model of relevance as untimeliness, where the function of criticism is to derive from literary texts a critical politics that eventually speaks both to these texts’ complex historical context and to their readers’ present and ever-changing circumstances. It then turns to the nineteenth-century archive to illustrate the untimely relevance of American literary history at the present time. While Dickinson might seem to suggest that “To suspend the breath/Is the most we can” (F1067) in a time of crisis, intimating that literature is essentially the record of our helplessness in the unraveling of the world, the example of Emerson’s antislavery lectures, where both the blight of slavery and the cause of abolition are metaphorized as airborne contamination, offer a template for thinking about the dangers as well as the potentialities of viral contagion.

American literature . . . captures the “air” or the atmosphere of history and equips us with models to take it in . . . Such is . . . [its] (un)timely relevance . . . at the present time.
spiralize: an R package for visualizing data on spirals
Authors: Gu Zuguang , Hübschmann Daniel
Published: November 2021

Spiral layout has two major advantages for data visualization. First, it is able to visualize data with long axes, which greatly improves the resolution of visualization. Second, it is efficient for time series data to reveal periodic patterns. Here, we present the R package spiralize that provides a general solution for visualizing data on spirals. spiralize implements numerous graphics functions so that self-defined high-level graphics can be easily implemented by users. The flexibility and power of spiralize are demonstrated by five examples from real-world datasets.

Availability and implementation

The spiralize package and documentations are freely available at the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=spiralize

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
PIntMF: Penalized Integrative Matrix Factorization method for multi-omics data
Authors: Pierre-Jean Morgane , Mauger Florence , Deleuze Jean-François , Le Floch Edith
Published: November 2021

Motivation

It is more and more common to perform multi-omics analyses to explore the genome at diverse levels and not only at a single level. Through integrative statistical methods, multi-omics data have the power to reveal new biological processes, potential biomarkers and subgroups in a cohort. Matrix factorization (MF) is an unsupervised statistical method that allows a clustering of individuals, but also reveals relevant omics variables from the various blocks.

Results

Here, we present PIntMF (Penalized Integrative Matrix Factorization), an MF model with sparsity, positivity and equality constraints. To induce sparsity in the model, we used a classical Lasso penalization on variable and individual matrices. For the matrix of samples, sparsity helps in the clustering, while normalization (matching an equality constraint) of inferred coefficients is added to improve interpretation. Moreover, we added an automatic tuning of the sparsity parameters using the famous glmnet package. We also proposed three criteria to help the user to choose the number of latent variables. PIntMF was compared with other state-of-the-art integrative methods including feature selection techniques in both synthetic and real data. PIntMF succeeds in finding relevant clusters as well as variables in two types of simulated data (correlated and uncorrelated). Next, PIntMF was applied to two real datasets (Diet and cancer), and it revealed interpretable clusters linked to available clinical data. Our method outperforms the existing ones on two criteria (clustering and variable selection). We show that PIntMF is an easy, fast and powerful tool to extract patterns and cluster samples from multi-omics data.

Availability and implementation

An R package is available at https://github.com/mpierrejean/pintmf.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.