bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compact superluminescent AlGaInAs/InP strain-compensated quantum-well diodes for fibre-optic gyroscopes
Authors: Sabitov D.R. , Svetogorov V.N. , Ryaboshtan Yu.L. , Ladugin M.A. , Marmalyuk A.A. , Vasil’ev M.G. , Vasil’ev A.M. , Kostin Yu.O. , Shelyakin A.A.
Published: June 2022

Compact superluminescent diodes based on AlGaInAs/InP separate-confinement double heterostructures with strain-compensated quantum wells are studied. The characteristics of these diodes that allow their application for development of fibre-optic gyroscopes in a temperature range from – 55 °C – +70 °C are demonstrated. The devices demonstrate an acceptable reliability and a potential for further improvement.
Soil in the air
Authors: Robin Libby
Published: June 2022

The post-war era of the 1940s is known for the birth of global governance, a time when Western nations united in efforts to reconstruct the war-torn world and reflected on the role of science in society. History and philosophy of science (HPS) was one of the early projects that emerged out of the war years. Diana (Ding) Dyason who headed the first HPS department in the southern hemisphere is honoured by this annual lecture, the text of which constitutes this article. Thomas Kuhn’s influential lecture in Oxford in 1961 inspired her work on the history of scientific entanglement with social concerns, and the directions of HPS at the University of Melbourne. Post-war reconstruction was both a local and a national project for every nation, very much in the air in the 1940s, and influential until the 1970s. The Australasian Association of Scientific Workers (AASW) brought together scientists too old to serve, or, in reserved occupations, to undertake their own ‘war effort’ on the question of: ‘What comes next?’ AASW held a planning conference in Sydney in 1944 to ‘formulate a policy on the organisation of science necessary to meet the demands of post-war Australia’. They set out to consider the role of the ‘the scientific method’ in the welfare of society. In particular, they recognised their existing international scientific networks and connections could become valuable for post-war collaborations between different sciences and different nations of benefit to Australia and the world. The idea of ‘the environment’ was one of many that emerged internationally in these ‘world-minded’ times, an idea that focused on the management of nature for the benefit of people using the scientific method. National Parks were a crucial discussion point, bringing together amateur naturalists and professional environmental managers of all sorts in discussions about landscape planning along with international comparative work on reserving places for wild animals and plants. This Dyason Lecture explores the emergence of ‘integrated science’, of science in the service of society, that later included natural resource management, big science, environmental science, earth systems science and climate science. It begins with the tragedy of the ‘dirty thirties’, when soil was in the air, and the scientific response to concerns about feeding the world.
Medical topics and style from 1500 to 2018
Authors: Schneider Gerold
Published: June 2022

This chapter investigates changes in medical topics, style and language across 500 years, from 1500 to 2018. To do so, we employ data-driven methods of Computational Linguistics and Digital Humanities: document classification, topic modelling, and automatically constructed conceptual maps. We trace changes from traditional thinking in the scholastic period to empirical methods, professionalised medicine, and finally the increasing importance of data, statistics and clinical studies, away from symptom-centred medicine. We conclude that medical discourse has undergone radical changes and that data-driven methods reflect these changes and offer an unprecedented overview. We also critically discuss shortcomings of our data and methods.
“Die Blumenzeit der Frau”
Authors: Schnelle Gohar , Odebrecht Carolin , Lüdeling Anke , Perlitz Laura , Fisher Catharina
Published: June 2022

Scientific herbal texts in vernacular German first emerged in the 15th century, and their diachronic analysis presents an opportunity to trace linguistic changes across centuries. This study deals with the linguistic strategies that are used to refer to the concept of menstruation, which we study in the RIDGES corpus, representing herbal texts from the late fifteenth century to the early twentieth century. This exploratory study focuses on terminology, i.e. expressions referring to concepts relevant to scientific communication, and investigates the morphological, syntactic and semiotic characteristics of references to menstruation. Our study reveals two tendencies: a decrease of formal variation as well as a decrease of semiotic variation. Both tendencies point towards the increase of terminologisation in the early and late modern period (1483–1914).
The discursive dynamics of personal experience narratives and medical advice in 18th-century British consultation letters
Authors: Plastina Anna Franca
Published: June 2022

Medical consulting by letter was a common practice in eighteenth-century Britain since physical examination was still far from being an established diagnostic tool. Despite what this epistolary practice testifies of the importance of illness narratives in historical medical discourse, scant attention has been devoted to their discursive representations. This chapter examines the discursive dynamics of medical consulting letters, drawing on the Labovian framework and the RIAS (Roter Interaction Analysis System) method for coding medical interaction. Discourse analysis is performed on a dataset of sample letters from Dr. Cullen’s (1710–1790) collection to unpack the referential and evaluative functions of narratives by patients, and Cullen’s discourse strategies for building doctor-patient relationship. Results from the case study highlight the historical significance of mediating and interpreting illness narratives according to the Enlightenment symptom-based model.
How old is old?
Authors: Grego Kim
Published: June 2022

Life expectancy in developed countries has increased significantly over the past two centuries. This study contributes to the existing literature on how “old age” was defined and described at the onset of this development, namely in nineteenth-century British self-help texts, directed at advising people on medical practices to age well, or cure specific ailments. Eighteen texts were retrieved from the online library of the Wellcome Collection (https://wellcomecollection.org/), employing the search term “old age”. A selection of these were analysed in depth, using specialised discourse analysis and critical genre analysis and also relying on socio-historical insights. These texts represent a diverse range of genres and contents employing various linguistic strategies and, thus, contributing to increasing the hybridity of the self-help manual genre in a time of great scientific and social change.
The popularization of learned medicine in late seventeenth-century England
Authors: Rovelli Giulia
Published: June 2022

Following from the popularizing work of Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654), who published an unauthorized translation of the Royal College of Physicians’ Pharmacopoeia in 1649, the late seventeenth century witnessed the publication of an unprecedented number of vernacular medical texts, many of which were translations. As the sources of most of these texts had been published in Latin by some of the most important medical authors of the time with the intent of circulating them only among the European medical elite, their translation into English had a profound ideological significance, because it rendered them virtually accessible to all who could read. This chapter analyzes five such vernacularizations in order to gain an insight into the specific translation methods and procedures that were adopted by translators to accommodate the specialized subject and language of medicine to an audience of non-specialists.
The potential of citizen science data to complement satellite and airborne lidar tree height measurements: lessons from The GLOBE Program
Authors: Enterkine Josh , Campbell Brian A , Kohl Holli , Glenn Nancy F , Weaver Kristen , Overoye David , Danke Deanna
Published: June 2022

The Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) Program is an international science, citizen science, and education program through which volunteers in participating countries collect environmental data in support of Earth system science. Using the program’s software application, GLOBE Observer (GO), volunteers measure tree height and optional tree circumference, which may support the interpretation of NASA and other space-based satellite data such as tree height data from the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) and Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation instrument. This paper describes tree heights data collected through the GO application and identifies sources of error in data collection. We also illustrate how the ground-based citizen science data collected in the GO application can be used in conjunction with ICESat-2 tree height observations from two locations in the United States: Grand Mesa, Colorado, and Greenbelt, Maryland. Initial analyses indicate that data location accuracy and the scientific relevance of data density should be considered in order to align GLOBE tree height data with satellite-based data collections. These recommendations are intended to inform the improved implementation of citizen science environmental data collection in scientific work and to document a use case of the GLOBE Trees data for the science research community.
Proposed Strategies to Improve Energy Efficiency at PT Badak NGL
Authors: Bahtiar M R , Yudoko G
Published: June 2022

As an energy company, PT Badak NGL continues to innovate to improve the energy efficiency in its plant operation. However, as the amount of feed gas continues to decline, the percentage of fuel gas increases gradually. The reduced amount of feed gas results in a low load factor of the operating equipment, causing inefficient plant operation. The 2018 benchmark results show that PT Badak NGL’s energy efficiency performance is below average. Although the Key Performance Indicator (KPI) targets related to energy efficiency are almost always achieved, there is a decreasing trend every year. Plant energy efficiency is an important issue. It relates to the amount of fuel losses, which can be converted into LNG as country income, and to the amount of carbon emissions as the result of fossil fuel burning. This study is performed to find what are the root causes of the plant inefficiencies and to propose strategies to improve them. Using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method, energy reviews were conducted to determine each plant area’s Significant Energy Use (SEU). Furthermore, the root cause analysis can be made in a Current Reality Tree (CRT). The Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) method is used in formulating alternative solutions for each cause of energy inefficiency. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used as a decision-making tool from the alternative solutions. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out to ensure the robustness of the decisions made. From the study, there are nineteen root causes that cause plant inefficiencies. Twelve controllable root causes have been solved by developing internal procedures or studies, while seven outstanding causes can be solved with five alternative solutions. AHP, which was carried out using the criteria of cost, impact on energy efficiency, completion time, and complexity, showed that there are top three priority solutions that must be implemented as soon as possible, namely the building energy management project, the LED replacement project, and flow and pressure indicators installation for pumps. The proposed strategy is set with a completion target of three years.
Persea Americana Mill Extraction as Antibacteria
Authors: Wulandari T , Wiyoko T , Hakiki M , Habibie Z R , Agrita T W
Published: June 2022

Avocado leaves (P. americana ) are a part of plants that can be used as traditional medicines. Avocado leaves contain chemicals such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins and alkaloids which function as pathogenic antibacterial killer. This study aims to describe the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of avocado leaf extract (P. americana) on the growth of Escherichia coli. The extract concentrations were 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. This research employed experimental method with post-test group design. Antibacterial activity was measured by the diameter of the clear zone formed. The analysis results, using the Kruskal Walls test with an accuracy level of 0.05, conclude that there are significant differences in the antibacterial power of various concentrations of avocado leaf extract (P. americana ) against E. colibacteria. The most effective concentration to inhibit the growth of E. colibacteria is at concentration 100% with an (inhibition zone) of 6.9 mm including moderate inhibition.
Sentinel-2 Image Based Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation of Vegetation Quality in Majalengka Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sari N M , Rokhmatuloh  , Manessa M D M
Published: June 2022

The vegetation in an area plays an important role for the realization of a sustainable regional environment. The current condition of Majalengka Regency, which has a West Java International Airport (BIJB) and Cipali toll road, certainly has the potential to increase the region’s economic growth. The investment in this region will substantially increase in the coming years, as will accessibility. This will support the massive infrastructure development in Majalengka Regency. This physical development is certainly the cause of changes in the distribution of vegetation, which causes changes in environmental quality. This study examines the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation quality based on vegetation index extracted from Sentinel-2 images. Based on the analysis of the SR, NDVI and EVI vegetation index profiles for the period 2016 and 2020, the results show that in general there has been a decline in the vegetation index during that period. This decline generally occurs in areas with seasonal vegetation cover in the form of rice fields and non-seasonal vegetation in the form of shrubs, mixed gardens and forests. The downward trend in these three vegetation indices indicates that there has been a decline in the quality or health of the vegetation in the study area during the 2016-2020 period.
Mapping of Potential Hazard Areas for Forest and Land Fire based on GIS in Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau
Authors: Riyadi M D P , Setiawan Y , Taufik M , Tanoto P
Published: June 2022

Forest and land fires that occur every year are crucial issues in Indonesia, especially in Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau. This location is one of the relatively unique locations because almost the entire land area is a peatland. Information on the level of danger of forest and land fires in Meranti Regency is not yet available on a detailed scale. This research aims to map potential hazard areas for forest and land fires in Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau. Spatial analysis using Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) with variables of land cover, soil type, distance from rivers, distance from roads, and distance from residentials. The results showed that the area of the potential hazard of forest and land fires in Kepulauan Meranti Regency was dominated by a high hazard level of 245,323.06 ha (68.08%).
Sea Turtle Protection: A Case Study of Protected Sea Turtle Capture in Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Harjiyatni F R , Murdomo J S , Suwarni Sri , Hartanti  , Prikhatna Puji , Lantarsih Retno , Putri W H
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to discuss the legal process for capturing protected turtles in Gunungkidul Regency and the rescued green turtle’s background. This research uses a socio-legal approach. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and observation and analyzed qualitatively. The result shows: first, the process of catching turtles carried out by community members is strictly enforced. The Natural Resources Conservation Agency of Yogyakarta Special Region submitted the turtle arrest case to police investigators for further investigation. Whatever reasons people put forward, it doesn’t stop the police from strictly enforcing the turtle capture case. Second, the background of the capture of green turtles is due to the lack of public awareness and concern about the importance of turtles as endangered species that are protected and should not be caught. In this case, the regulations regarding the protection and prohibition of capturing turtles are complete, but the local communities often violate them. The results suggest a need to strengthen local communities to understand the importance of protecting turtles as endangered species and strict sanctions for turtle capture. It is not only to establish the education community but also to empower the community to provide the initial information to the investigators if it is found the violation of the Act on the turtles protection.
Application of The Corporate Viel Piercing Principle in the Company for Forest and Land Burning
Authors: Sudiyana  , Asri D P B
Published: June 2022

Forest and land fires generally carried out by concession holders in recent years are very detrimental to the community, nation, and state. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and elaborate application of the principle of piercing the corporate veil for companies on forest and land burning and who should be responsible for the loss of society. Because it corresponds to the concept of the rule of law as a system of laws and regulations, the approach adopted is normative law. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials are used in the research. The results of this study are that in the case of a forest and land burning company, based on Article 3 number 2 in particular letters b and c of Law 40/2007, the principle of limited liability for shareholders does not apply if the shareholder concerned either directly or indirectly in bad faith uses The Company for personal interest and or the shareholders concerned are involved in unlawful acts committedby the Company.
Distribution, abundance, and species composition of fish larvae and juveniles of Gobiidae in the Cimaja estuary, Palabuhanratu, Indonesia
Authors: Baihaqi F , Simanjuntak C P H , Sulistiono  , Prabowo T , Annida S B , Ervinia A , Budiman M S
Published: June 2022

Cimaja estuary has been well known as a fishing ground for fish larvae and juveniles of amphidromous fishes. The local people call this group of fish impun and collect them frequently for consumption. However, no information about fish diversity and recruitment of amphidromous goby in the Cimaja estuary is known. Therefore, this study aims to reveal species composition, recruitment pattern, and estimation of the abundance of fish larval and juvenile amphidromous goby in the Cimaja estuary day and night. Sampling was performed monthly during the new moon period from December 2020 to February 2021. Fish specimens were identified to the lowest taxon level through a morphological approach. A total of 23,331 larvae and juveniles of Gobiidae were collected, and most of them were Sicyopterus spp. The juvenile stage (11.9-21.8 mm BL) comprised 95.6% of the catches, postflexion larvae (6.9-11.8 mm BL) contributed 3.5% to the total yield and 0.9% of the total capture consisting of flexion larvae (3.9-6.8 mm BL). Gobiid fishes are preferred to recruit and migrate into the Cimaja river during the day than at night time (p < 0.05), and their movement to the upstream are synchronized with the tidal cycle.
A diversity profile of total bacteria (culturable and unculturable) as aquaculture marine water source of in central marine bio industry (BBIL) Mataram, Indonesia
Authors: Hastuti Yuni Puji , Fatma Yuli Siti , Nirmala Kukuh , Supriyono Eddy , Dwiono Sigit A.P. , Munandar Aris , Hamzah Aris Sando , Tridesianti Siska , Sudarmo Agnes Puspitasari
Published: June 2022

The bacterial community plays a pivotal role in the quality of water sources for aquaculture activities, affecting the survival of cultured animals. In the present study, bacteria inhabiting seawater in Mataram were analyzed using culturable and unculturable analysis. Total bacteria cultured in SWC (seawater complete) medium had an abundance of 4.5 × 107 CFU mL-1. Nitrifying, denitrifying, and DNRA (dissimilative nitrate reduction to ammonium) bacteria were found in an abundance of 1.15 × 107 CFU mL-1, 7.7 × 106 CFU mL-1, and 5.6 × 106 CFU mL-1, respectively. Analysis of total bacteria performed by the Illumina MiSeq platform using the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene indicated that the majority of the bacterial sequences related to Proteobacteria (84.2%), followed by Firmicutes (10.2%), Acidobacteria (1.5%), Bacteroidetes (1.4%), and Chloroflexi (1%). Family Piscirickettsiaceae, belonging to the order Thriotrichales, was observed as the most prevalent group accounting for 20.9%. In this study, Proteobacteria, the most common phylum, was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. At the genus level, Alteromonas, Marinobacterium, and Methylophaga appeared as the top three prevalent groups inhabiting seawater in Mataram. Meanwhile, the top five bacterial species in seawater were Alteromonas bacterium, Methylophaga sp., Nautella italic, Ruegeria mobilis, and Pseudoalteromonas phenolica.
Water and land efficiency in eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) rearing in development of urban aquaculture through vertical aquaculture system
Authors: Harianto Eko , Supriyono Eddy , Budiardi Tatag , Affandi Ridwan , Hadiroseyani Yani , Sabilu Kadir
Published: June 2022

Urbanization activities have increased population density in urban areas so that the need for fish is increasing, to provide fish needs it is necessary to expand the cultivation area. This study aims to evaluate the minimum demand for water and land in Vertical Aquaculture in RAS on eel through production performance studies and business analysis. This study was conducted on 4 treatments and 3 replications, covering water requirements of 325 mL/day (A), 340 mL/day (B), 370 mL/day (C), and 400 mL/day (D). Elver eels weighing 17.05 ± 0.88 g were reared for 60 days in VAR. The results showed that the difference in water requirements given to eel elver gave an equally good effect between treatments for production performance parameters. The highest water efficiency in this study was produced in treatment A with consumption of water volume requirement of 0.77 L/Kg eel/day and consumption of new water requirement of 10.66 L/Kg eel/year. Aquaculture business analysis shows that VAR technology is feasible to use as an alternative eel culture technology with an R/C ratio of 3.4, a net profit of Rp. 2,730,000/year and a payback period of 1.3 years.
Study of suitability location of eel (Anguilla sp) culture in Sukabumi region, West Java province
Authors: Supendi A , Supriyono E , Nirmala K , Hastuti Y P , Budiardi T , Sukenda
Published: June 2022

The research objective is to evaluate the suitability status of the Sukabumi region to produce eel. The output is a spatial distribution map of suitable locations ecologically to develop Anguilla sp grow out. Spatial overlay and weighting methods were used to process the data of contour map, soil map, weather map, diurnal temperature map, season temperature map, and watershed map. Almost all of the Sukabumi region is 80% suitable relatively for developing Anguilla sp culture or 3.620 Km2. Very suitable location 873 Km2, suitable 1.926 Km2, marginal 821 Km2, and not suitable 541 Km2.
Combination effect of atonic growth regulator with PES (Provasoli Enrich Seawater) on Seaweed (Eucheuma Cottonnii) growth
Authors: Supriyono E , Lideman  , Hastuti Y P , Arifka A R
Published: June 2022

Eucheuma cottonii is a type of seaweed that has been cultivated. Factors that can inhibit seaweed cultivation are weather, and the solution is tissue culture. Seaweed tissue culture requires explants with adequate nutrition. The use of growth regulators and PES fertilizer is expected to meet the nutritional requirements. The research aimed to analyze the effect of the combination of atonic growth regulator and PES (Provasoli Enrich Seawater) media on the growth of Eucheuma cottonii. The research was designed in a method using the Complete Randomized Design (RAL) method with 4 treatments consisting of K (atonic growth regulator 0 ppm and PES 0%), A (atonic growth regulator 15 ppm and PES 1%), B (atonic growth regulator 15 ppm and PES 2%) and C (atonic growth regulator 15 ppm and PES 3%). The seaweed used in this experiment was Eucheuma cottonii with an initial weight of 0,093±0,008 grams and an initial length of 2,08±0,01 cm. The result of this research can increase the growth of Eucheuma cottonii. In conclusion, the combination of 15 ppm atonic growth regulator and 3% of PES in culture media could increase the survival rate, weight-specific growth rate and length specific growth rate of Eucheuma cottonii explant.
Utilization status and bioeconomic performance of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) fishery in the south coast of Malang waters, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Bintoro Gatut , Yulianto Eko Sulkhani , Lelono Tri Djoko , Prasetyo Dimas Tri , Rahman Muhammad Arif , Sari Wahida Kartika
Published: June 2022

Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is one of high economic valued pelagic fish on the south coast of Malang waters. This fish is usually caught by purse seine. This study was conducted at Sendang Biru Coastal Fishing Port Malang Regency from February to May 2021, aiming to find out the utilization rate and bioeconomic conditions of the skipjack tuna fishery. The study used descriptive methods. Statistical data on catches from 2011 to 2020 were used to apply bioeconomic analysis to calculate the maximum sustainable yield (MSY), maximum economic yield (MEY), total allowable catch (TAC), and free access equilibrium (FAE). Results showed that values of catch and effort at MSY level were 1,800 tons and 3,191 trips respectively with a value of TAC as much as 1,440 tons. While values of catch and effort at MEY reached 1,774 tons and 2,814 trips respectively with the highest profit obtained as much as IDR 34.12 billion. In addition, catch and effort at FAE level took place at 751 tons and 5,627 trips respectively. The utilization rate of skipjack tuna (K. pelamis) was 123%. In conclusion, the fish is in over-exploited condition hence the amount of effort must be decreased to maintain resources sustainability.
Temperature effect on heart rate performance of eel (Anguila bicolor)
Authors: Riyanto M , Mawardi W , Khoerunnisa F I
Published: June 2022

Temperature changes affect fish behavior, and it is one of the critical factors which influence fish survival. The optimum temperature of a species can be used to detect the presence of fish. The fish heart rate indicates the effect of temperature on fish physiology. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the fish heart rate and its recovery time. The study collected the heart rate data by observing 40 eels (Anguila bicolor ) measuring 36±0.30 cm and body weight <200 g at 21, 25, and 31°C. The heart rate was monitored by the electrocardiograph (ECG) technique. The results from video monitoring were calculated using frame-by-frame video analysis. The effect of the temperature on the heart rate and recovery time were processed using statistical analysis with a completely randomized design. The results showed that the eel heart rates at 21, 25, and 31°C were 40±1.61, 70±3.91, and 122±7.36 bpm, respectively. Temperature significantly affected (P<0.05) the eel heart rate with the lower Q10 values were 2.77 and 2.25. The eel heart rate recovery time at low temperature was more prolonged than at high temperature.
Population connectivity and genetic diversity population connectivity of Rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) among Bangladesh, China and Indonesia
Authors: Putri S N N , Maharani G R , Farhan M , Lestari D F , Madduppa H , Subhan B , Arafat D , Setyaningsih W A , Cakasana N , Bintang D M C , Indrajana H B , Priambada A D , Febridelita A , Yonatika N O
Published: June 2022

Population genetics studies genetic variation involving gene and allele frequencies in spatial and temporal space. Genetic information can be used in conservation management through identification of phylogenetic tree reconstructions, genetic distance, genetic structure, and haplotype connectivity to maintain population existence. The samples used were primary genetic data of Siganus canaliculatus taken from Indonesian waters and secondary data accessed from the BOLD SYSTEM database from several locations, namely Indonesia, China, and Bangladesh. This research was conducted to determine the kinship of Siganus canaliculatus in Indonesia, China, and Bangladesh through genetic analysis. The results of genetic distance analysis showed that the baronang fish samples from China and Bangladesh had a close relationship with a value of 0.0534 while samples from Indonesia and Bangladesh had the farthest relationship with a value of 0.8212. Reconstruction of the phylogeny tree at maximum likelihood can show convergence within the same clade. The results of the reconstruction of the phylogeny tree showed that the species from Ambon, Bali, and Lombok came from the same clade while samples from Bangladesh had different clades with the furthest distance. The results of structural analysis and genetic diversity showed that samples from Bangladesh, China, and Indonesia had different DNA characteristics. This is correlated with the form of network integration in haplotype connectivity analysis.
The effectiveness of Honje (Etlingera elatior) biomass to improve the physical quality of native chicken meat
Authors: Patriani P , Hafid H , Wahyuni T H , Sari TV , Apsari N L
Published: June 2022

Improving physical quality of native chicken meat is important to increase consumer acceptance. Native chicken meat is known to have tough texture and dark colour hence it is less favoured by consumers. One method to improve physical quality is by using cheap and abundant spices. Honje (Etlingera elatior) is a gnarled fruit with slightly sour taste from kecombrang flowers that is usually used as a spice. The research design used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments consisted of P0: without marination using Honje Fruit, P2: Marinade 2 grams of Honje Fruit, P2: Marinade 4 grams of Honje Fruit and P3: Marinade 6 grams of Honje Fruit. The parameters in this study were physical quality of the meat which consisted of pH value, water content, tenderness, cooking loss, and meat colour. The results showed that marinade of 4 grams of Honje Fruit was effective in maintaining the pH value of meat, reducing the percentage of cooking loss, and increasing tenderness. Marinade using Honje Fruit was also effective in maintaining the moisture content of the meat, increasing the brightness, maintaining the freshness of meat by originating reddish and yellowish colours.
Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving Potential Analysis of Biomass Boiler at the PT Greenfields Indonesia Milk Processing Plant
Authors: Suntoro Dedi , Sinaga Paber , Yudanto Radityo Cahyo , Faridha
Published: June 2022

Boilers are essential utility equipment in a milk processing plant because they produce steam primarily used in process heating applications, including pasteurization, cooking, and evaporation. Energy use in boilers is the most effective energy use in milk processing plants. Therefore it is crucial to keep the boiler efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency and energy-saving opportunities of the biomass boiler in the milk processing plant of PT Greenfield Indonesia, which is located in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The fuel used in the boiler is candlenut shell, which is widely available in the area. Boiler efficiency was evaluated by direct and indirect methods referring to ASME PTC 4-1. In the direct method, the energy gained by working fluid is compared with the energy content of the fuel. In contrast, various losses are compared to the energy input in the indirect method. The data used in this study were obtained from operation logbook data and field measurement data. Our result shows that the biomass boiler efficiency is 82.24% using the direct method and 79,64% using the indirect method. Flue gas is the most significant energy loss in the biomass boiler. Energy savings can be obtained by installing an air preheater, setting excess air, and adding insulation on some boiler walls.
Study on Effectivity and Efficiency of Various Drying Methods of Nyamplung Fruits (Callophyllum inophyllum)
Authors: Amelia Okta , Sailah Illah , Kartika Ika Amalia , Suparno Ono , Bindar Yazid
Published: June 2022

Nyamplung fruit has a very high industrial potential, especially for the bioenergy industry. The seeds contain high levels of oil that can be transformed into biodiesel. The advantage of nyamplung fruit as bioenergy raw material is that the seeds have a high yield can reach 74%. One of the difficulties of transforming the fruit into a product with high economic potential is in terms of taking out the seed from its shell, which is influenced by the moisture content of the fruit. To reduce the moisture content, nyamplung fruits require a drying process. The drying process is usually done by utilizing sunlight. This method has the disadvantage of taking a long time and is affected by the weather. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study to select one of several drying methods based on their efficiency and effectiveness. The study results showed that drying using the oven for 6 hours produced a moisture content of 10% wet base while drying using a 6-hour roasting method produced a moisture content of 6.5% wet base, and drying using sunlight for 168 hours produced a moisture content of 10.23% wet base. Water content between 6.5-10.23% makes separating seeds from their shells easy. Based on this study, it can be concluded that drying methods affect the moisture content of the fruit, and the method of drying using the oven turned out to be more effective.
Characterization of municipal solid waste for waste to energy feedstock in Jakarta
Authors: Wahyono S , Sahwan F L , Suryanto F
Published: June 2022

The characterization study of municipal solid waste for waste to energy facility is very important to Jakarta City because of its waste is still in mixed condition and may contains several materials those are not suitable for incinerator. The purpose of this study was to determine the character of the waste from several sources (shopping areas, office areas, industrial areas, city parks, and households) in the city of Jakarta and to analyse the quality of the waste to be feedstock of incinerator. The research used a random sampling method for the wastes which were transported to the Bantargebang final disposal site. Samples were taken proportionally from the garbage truck to determine the composition, proximate and ultimate analysis. The results showed that wastes were dominated by combustible material and had a good potential as an incinerator fuel in terms of the characteristics of moisture content (less than 50%), volatile matter (above 25%) and ash content (less than 60%), as well as its LHV (above 6 MJ/kg). However, the existence of bulky waste, hazardous waste, non-combustible waste, and several types of waste that are not allowed to enter the incinerator needs to be a concern. Those wastes potentially interfere the performance of the incinerator.
The biochar-improved growth-characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.) in a 22-years old heavy-metal contaminated tropical soil
Authors: Salam A K , Rizki D O , Santa I T D , Supriatin S , Septiana L M , Sarno S , Niswati A
Published: June 2022

Biochar was suggested to lower the concentrations of heavy metals in contaminated soils and therefore may improve plant growth. This research was to evaluate the growth of corn (Zea mays L.) in a biochar-amended heavy-metal-contaminated tropical soil. Soil samples were collected from well-maintained experimental plots 22 years after amendment with heavy-metal containing industrial waste at 0 – 60 Mg ha-1. Corn plants were grown for 4 weeks in the soil samples amended with biochar at 0 – 10 Mg ha-1. The corn plant height and dry masses (roots, shoots, and the whole plants) were lowered by waste in relation to the increase in the soil Cu and Zn concentrations. The corn plant dry–weight masses (roots, shoots, whole plant) were well and negatively correlated with the soil Cu and Zn concentrations. The corn plant uptake of Cu and Zn decreased with the increase in the soil Cu and Zn concentration. Biochar improved the corn plant height and dry-weight masses, related to the decrease in the soil Cu and Zn concentrations. Biochar also increased the Zn uptake at waste level of ≥ 15 Mg ha-1 and increased the Cu uptake at waste level ≤ 15 Mg ha-1. The corn plant Cu uptake was linearly and positively correlated with plant dry-weight masses of roots, shoot, and whole plant masses.
Converting of kesambi (Schleichera oleosa l.) oil into biodiesel using ZnO-based solid acid catalyst
Authors: Asri N P , Saraswati R , Yogaswara R R , Restyani N E , Suprapto S
Published: June 2022

Alumina-supported zinc oxide-copper oxide (ZnO-CuO/γ-Al2O3) solid catalyst which coded ZCA and zinc oxide with multi-walled carbon nanotube support (ZnO/MWCNTs) coded by ZCNT catalyst have been successfully synthesized and used to produce biodiesel from Kesambi (Schleichera olesosa l.) oil. The catalyst was synthesized using a combination of precipitation and impregnation method based on a modified Stober gel-based process. Before being used for transesterification of kesambi oil, ZCA and ZCNT catalyst was characterized using N2 adsorption-desorption followed by Brunauer-Emmett Teller (BET) calculation and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The transesterification process was conducted in a glass batch-type reactor with refluxed methanol. The effect of loading ZnO (wt.% to catalyst support) on the yield of biodiesel was investigated. The results showed that the catalyst of ZCA was potentially used for the transesterification of kesambi oil. The highest biodiesel yield above 80% was achieved after 3 hours of transesterification.
Technology innovation and business model of palm oil miniplant for food and energy
Authors: Setyaningsih Dwi , Fahma Farah , Purwoko  , Wahyudi Aria Tri , Mahendra Ilham Bintang
Published: June 2022

Palm oil is Indonesia’s main export commodity and has many contributions to the economy. Palm Oil Mill is built by private or state-owned company with the minimum capacity of 30 tph and far from smallholder plantations. Transportation costs and delays have caused the quality of fresh fruit bunch decrease and prices have dropped in the farmer level. This study aimed to design a palm oil mini plant by evaluating existing technology, innovating process, and equipment design, also analyzing financial aspect. The methods used in this research were literature study, laboratory test, interview, and observation. The selected process technology was sterilization using steam (t = 90 minutes, T = 130°C, P = 300 kPa), threshing with rotating speed of 21 rpm, heating method in the digester (t = 14 minutes, T = 90°C, v = 23 rpm), extraction of oil palm fruit with a screw press machine (P = 4500 kPa, v = 11 rpm). The process of refining Crude Palm Oil (CPO) gone through 3 stages, namely degumming with water degumming, neutralization using deacidification, and fractionation using the dry method to produce Refined Palm Oil (RPO). Technological innovations were carried out in vertical sterilizers with the addition of water to the sterilizer when loading the fruits, the use of augers and improvements to the sterilization system. The value propositions of palm oil miniplant business model are the ease of bureaucracy, flexibility of small-scale industry, high quality (FFA<5%), and competitive prices. The supply chain flow starts from independent smallholder plantations to oil palm miniplants without going through collectors. The products are CPO, RPO which high antioxidants activity because of tocopherols and carotenoids content, and Palm Kernel (PK). The financial feasibility analysis of palm oil mini plant resulted in an NPV of IDR 15,068,339,048, IRR of 28%, BCR of 11,7 and PBP of 2,8 years. This study showed that the palm oil mill mini plant is financially feasible to build.
Research on intelligent discrimination of cyanobacteria based on deep learning
Authors: Xu Ruicheng , Song Hongyu , Liang Hong , Kang Xiaolin
Published: June 2022

Dianchi Lake is the cradle of Kunming’s survival and development. It plays a vital role in the development of Kunming’s economy and society as well as the formation of a pleasant climate. The phenomenon of cyanobacteria blooms in Dianchi Lake has always been an ecological problem that has attracted much attention. Cyanobacteria blooms destroy the ecological environment, cause a large number of deaths of fish and other animals, pollute drinking water, and cause huge economic losses. In order to monitor the cyanobacteria blooms in Dianchi Lake more effectively and intelligently, this paper proposes a computer vision system for cyanobacteria discrimination based on deep learning. The neural network was trained by using the collected image data of cyanobacteria in Lake Dianchi, and then the network model was tested by using the images captured by the surveillance cameras around the lake. The experimental results show that the system can better discriminate and classify cyanobacteria blooms in different environments, and has a high recognition accuracy.
Sources and applications of biostimulants
Authors: Tang Xiting , Tian Qing
Published: June 2022

Efficient increase the crop yields is critical to sustain the current growing population and achieve the global food security. Bio-stimulants can stimulate crop growth and reduce the adverse effects of antibiotic stress to the plants. They are environmentally friendly and innovative substances that can be used to solve the food problems caused by the growing global population. In the context of a circular economy, the effect of recycling usful elements from waste streams to achieve resource utilization is a common concern of researchers. The components of sewage are complex, including protein, humic acid and other substances, which are potential pre-products of bio-stimulants. The recovery of biostimulants from sewage as by-products holds great promise. At this stage, however, very few literature reviews have focused on the recovery of biostimulants from wastewater. This study summaries the types, activities and recovery potentials of biostimulants from wastewater.
A Treatment Design and Operation Effect of Medical Rehabilitation Hospital Wastewater
Authors: Hong Wei , Zhang Wang , Sun Long , Li Binbin , Tan Xin , Cui Shujie
Published: June 2022

The process of “Classified pre-treatment + Regulating + AO treatment + Disinfection” was designed to treat the medical rehabilitation hospital wastewater, and the treatment scale was 800 m3/d. The engineering design process, main design parameters and engineering treatment effects are discussed. The stable operation results showed that when the influent concentrations of CODCr, NH3-N, SS and the enumeration of faecal coliforms were 185∼346 mg/L, 28∼55 mg/L, 55∼93 mg/L, 1.2×106∼1.4×108 MPN/L, the effluent concentrations were 22∼45 mg/L, 0.5∼3.4 mg/L, 22∼46 mg/L, 85∼220 MPN/L, which could meet the requirements of “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Medical Organization in Shandong Province (DB37/596-2020)”. The direct operation cost of the project was 2.16 yuan/m3.
The impact of air pollutant emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic on Air quality in China
Authors: Chen Xuanhong
Published: June 2022

The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to the adoption of a series of strict epidemic prevention and control measures across the country, which has had a significant impact on people’s production and life patterns. It also provides an opportunity to explore the relationship between air quality and human social and economic activities. Based on the National Urban Air Quality Report from February 2019 to February 2021 and passenger transport capacity data from February 2019 to February 2021, the regression analysis was conducted to understand how human factors related to pollution sources affect ambient air quality levels. The study showed that passenger volume and air pollution levels decreased significantly during the epidemic period. Human factors had no significant impact on O3 concentration. However, they had a significant impact on PM, SO2, NO2, and CO. Finally, explore how to improve air quality from the Angle of human factors and build a low-carbon economy.
Study on the characteristics of vortex motion and pressure pulsation in vaneless zone of Kaplan turbine
Authors: Xue J Y , Meng C Z , Fan X F , Wang Z W , Zhou L J
Published: June 2022

Kaplan turbine with adjustable blade has wide operating efficiency and is widely used in medium and low head hydropower stations. Pressure pulsation has always been a key problem affecting the operating efficiency and stability of hydraulic turbines. The numerical simulation of the hydraulic characteristics of Kaplan turbine is carried out to analyze the pressure pulsation and flow distribution characteristic in the vaneless zone under different guide vane openings and blade installation angles. Results show that: At the small flow condition, vortices appear in the vaneless zone, which leads to the increase of pressure pulsation in the vaneless zone and the expansion of the fluctuation range of water moment on blade. At the small flow condition with different unit speed, the dominant frequency are observed to be between 4-5 times rotation frequency in the vaneless zone far from the runner inlet. The frequency source is that the rotating vortex flow and the rotating runner blade will form the effect similar to rotor-stator interference.The pressure pulsation observed at the monitoring point near the runner inlet mainly comes from the disturbance of the runner blade to the flow and the pressure pulsation frequency is 6fn
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Experimental and numerical modal analysis of a reduced scale Kaplan turbine model
Authors: Roig R , De La Torre O , Jou E , Mulu B , Escaler X
Published: June 2022

This paper presents an experimental modal test of a Kaplan turbine model and provides the corresponding analysis of the results. The modal test of the rotor including the runner, the shaft and the generator was performed using, as exciters, an impact hammer and a shaker and, as sensors, several accelerometers. Additionally, numerical models of the rotor with the runner surrounded by air (dry condition) or submerged in water (wet condition) were also built. By comparing the numerical and experimental results, the main modes of vibration of a runner blade in dry conditions and of the rotor shaft both in dry and wet conditions have been identified and discussed. The most significant deviations between experimental and numerical natural frequencies were found around 10% for the rotor shaft and around 6% for the runner blade. Moreover, it was observed that the fourth mode of vibration presents the highest added mass effect with a Frequency Reduction Ratio of about 6.7% and the second mode of vibration shows the lowest damping ratios in both dry and wet conditions with values of about 1.5 and 2.1%, respectively.