bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher moment of portfolio optimization with Polynomial Goal Programming approach
Authors: Siew Lam Weng , Jaaman Saiful Hafizah , Hoe Lam Weng
Published: August 2021

The mean-variance (MV) model has been introduced in portfolio optimization to minimize the risk and achieve the target rate of return in the investment. However, the higher moment skewness and kurtosis are not considered in this model. The investors prefer portfolio with high skewness value and low kurtosis value so that the probability of getting extreme negative rates of return will be reduced. Therefore, the MV model has been extended to the mean-variance-skewness-kurtosis (MVSK) model by incorporating the skewness and kurtosis factor. The objective of this study is to construct the optimal portfolio of the MVSK model by using the polynomial goal programming (GP) approach. The data of this study comprises technology companies that listed in Malaysian stock market. In the fourth industrial revolution, technology companies play an important role in the development of a country. The results of this study show that the optimal portfolio of MVSK model outperforms the MV model by giving higher portfolio skewness value and lower portfolio kurtosis value. This study is significant because the investors can maximize the portfolio skewness value and minimize the portfolio kurtosis value with the MVSK model.
A new system of singular integral equations for a curvilinear crack in bonded materials
Authors: Hamzah KB , Nik Long NMA , Senu N , Eshkuvatov ZK
Published: August 2021

The modified complex potentials (MCPs) functions are used to develop a new system of singular integral equations (SIEs) for a curvilinear crack in the upper part of bonded materials subjected to shear mode stress with the help of continuity conditions for resultant force and displacement functions. The unknown dislocation distribution function is mapped into a square root singularity function by using curved length coordinate method and the traction along the crack as the right hand term. The Gaussian quadrature rules were used to obtain the numerical solution for a new system of SIEs in order to compute the nondimensional stress intensity factors (SIFs) for these problems. Our results agree with those of the previous works. The findings have revealed that the nondimensional SIFs depend on the elastic constant ratio, crack geometries and the position of the cracks.
Effects of Movement Control Order on mitigating spread of COVID-19 in the early phase of the outbreak in Malaysia
Authors: Yatim Siti Ainor Mohd , Kim Peter S
Published: August 2021

We propose a mathematical model to investigate the early outbreak of COVID-19 in Malaysia. The model emphasizes the role of the government’s Movement Control Orders (MCOs) as population-wide lockdown measures and the potential benefit of mass testing on disease spread. We fit this model to the reported active COVID-19 cases to estimate model parameters. We also assume transmission rates change with respect to stages of MCOs and compare the differences in rates to assess the effectiveness of different levels of MCO restrictions. The estimated parameters match the observed data well, and our results suggest a slowing of the trajectory of COVID-19 outbreak in the country, indicating that the series of MCOs taken to counter COVID-19 transmission are having a significant positive effect.
A review of mathematical modelling of blood flow in human circulatory system
Authors: Khalid A K , Othman Z S , M Shafee CT M N
Published: August 2021

An interface between biology and mathematics has initiated and fostered new mathematical areas, where the ideas from biology and mathematics are synergistically applied. Study of fluid dynamics plays a significant role in fluid flow inside the human body, and modeling of blood flow is an important field in circulatory physics. However, models have been developed are very complex with three-dimensional analysis. This project presents a novel and simple mathematical model of blood flow. Assuming blood is a Newtonian fluid which is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations and continuity equation and with making use of the Navier-Stokes equation, a simple differential equation called as the circulatory system equation is derived. Then by applying the ogical assumptions on this model, the general mathematical model of the normal blood flow rate is developed. Using Poisuelli’s equation, the sirculatory system equation is also used to develop a model for blood pressure. These two models are then analyzed against surface, pressure gradient and the vessel’s length using MATLAB.
Entropy generation and natural convection of nanofluids in a trapezoidal cavity having an innersolid cylinder
Authors: Ishak Muhamad S. , Alsabery Ammar I. , Hashim Ishak
Published: August 2021

A numerical analysis of entropy generation and natural convection in a trapezoidal cavity with an internal solid cylinder filled with Al2O3 – water nanofluid has been investigated using finite difference method. The bottom wall is thermally insulated while the left and right walls were cooled isothermally. Remainder of these walls are kept adiabatic. Particular factors have been focused on the effects of Rayleigh number, dimensionless radius of the solid cylinder and nanoparticles of volume fraction on streamlines, isotherms, isentropic, local and average Nusselt number. Obtained results have demonstrated that the Rayleigh number and size of the solid cylinder are important control parameters for optimizing heat transfer and Bejan number.
Interactions of Soliton in Weakly Nonlocal Nonlinear Media
Authors: Aklan N A B , Faizar F A , Umarov B A
Published: August 2021

Solitary waves or solitons is a nonlinear phenomenon which has been studied intensively due to its application in solid-state matter such as Bose-Einstein condensates state, plasma physics, optical fibers and nematic liquid crystal. In particular, the study of nonlinear phenomena occurs in the structure of waves gained interest of scholars since their discovery by John Russell in 1844. The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (NLSE) is the theoretical framework for the investigation of nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibers. Nonlocality can be found in an underlying transport mechanisms or long-range forces like electrostatic interactions in liquid crystals and many-body interactions with matter waves in Bose-Einstein condensate or plasma waves. The length of optical beam width and length of response function are used to classify nonlocality in optical materials. The nonlocality can be categorized as weak nonlocal if the width of the optical beam broader than the length of response function and if the width of the optical beam is narrower than the length of response function, it is considered as highly nonlocal. This work investigates the interactions of solitons in a weakly nonlocal Cubic NLSE with Gaussian external potential. The variational approximation (VA) method was employed to solve non integrable NLSE to ordinary differential equation (ODE). The soliton parameters and the computational program are used to simulate the propagation of the soliton width and its center-of-mass position. In the presence of Gaussian external potential, the soliton may be transmitted, reflected or trapped based on the critical velocity and potential strength. Direct numerical simulation of Cubic NLSE is programmed to verify the results of approximation method. Good agreement is achieved between the direct numerical solution and VA method results.
Estimation of the microalgae growth using the optimization approach
Authors: Ling K S , Jamaian S S , Zulkifli F H
Published: August 2021

This study estimates the parameters value of the microalgae growth kinetic model which are Monod, Tessier and modified Moser model using the Levenberg-Marquardt method, by minimizing the sum of squares error. The optimal control problem for microalgae growth in photobioreactor is formulated and solved by the optimal input design method and taking into account the parametric sensitivities in order to obtain the control function. Hence, the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is implemented to predict the microalgae biomass concentration by solving the state equations of the optimal control problem. The result shows the Tessier model best describes the growth of microalgae with the produced biomass concentration of weight 1.813 × 1010
g.
Z-number-based conjoint analysis method for analyzing decision-makers’ preference levels in attribute ratings
Authors: Razalli Nur Anis Fatihah , Sulaiman Nor Hashimah
Published: August 2021

Fuzzy Conjoint Analysis Method (FCAM) is widely used in multi-attribute decision making areas particularly in analyzing decision makers’ preferences towards attributes. Discrete fuzzy sets are commonly used to define the membership function of linguistic values. Nevertheless, the use of discrete fuzzy sets in representing human judgment and preference levels may not be sufficient in describing human preference defined on continuous scale. In FCAM, discrete fuzzy sets or fuzzy numbers are commonly used to represent the linguistic terms that merely describe ratings or levels of satisfaction on attributes based on decision makers’ opinions or preferences. The certainty elements in terms of confidence level associated with decision makers’ judgment and preferences are seldom considered in FCAM. Thus, in this study, Z-numbers which are composed of ratings with certainty components (in the form of confidence level) are integrated in the existing FCAM procedure. In the proposed procedure of Z-number based Conjoint Analysis Method (Z-CAM), preferences described in the form of ratings with confidence levels are expressed in the form Z-numbers. The existing FCAM procedure is slightly modified so as to cater the Z-number input data. Z-CAM has an additional feature in comparison to the existing FCAM whereby in addition to ranking the attributes, the former could also produce overall ratings supported with confidence levels.
Development of a linguistic model of a reforming unit of a catalytic reforming plant
Authors: Orazbayev B , Zhumadillayeva A , Orazbayeva K , Umarov T , Dyussekeyev K , Kurmangaziyeva L
Published: August 2021

The influence of the main parameters of the reforming process on the quantity and quality of the produced product-catalyst-has been investigated. On the basis of the proposed linguistic modelling algorithm, a linguistic model has been built that describes: the effect of the temperature of the reforming reactor on the yield of catalyst and the stability of the catalyst. The possibility of constructing a linguistic model that estimates the influence of the feed rate of raw materials on the quantity and quality (octane number) of catalyst, a component of motor fuel, has been shown.
A modified predictive model for colour changes in French fries during frying
Authors: Othman Siti Nabihah , Jamil Norazaliza Mohd
Published: August 2021

During frying, heat and mass transfer phenomena happen and cause the physiochemical changes that affect the colour of french fries. Moisture content, oil content, and colour are important quality parameters in frying french fries, while temperature, frying time, and sample thickness will affect the french fries. In this study, we developed a modified mathematical model for colour changes of French fries during frying. The colour changes were formulated using a first-order ordinary differential equation that was solved using the 4th order Runge-Kutta method in the MATLAB software. The formulation for rate constant was modified using the Arrhenius equation and the sum squared error (SSE) of the proposed model was compared with the SSE of existing models. The colour was evaluated based on two parameters which are oil temperature (150°C, 170°C, 190°C) during frying and sample thickness (5 mm,10 mm, 15 mm) of french fries. The results showed that incorporating the factor of moisture into the model provides a better prediction of lightness and yellowness of french fries during frying. Overall, we conclude that moisture plays a significant role in the colour changing of french fries.
A systematic review of Bezier-like Triangular in surface reconstruction
Authors: Azman Anis Nur’ain , Hadi Normi Abdul , Nasir Mohd Agos Salim
Published: August 2021

The application of spline triangular surface has recently been critically discussed in Computer Aided Geometry Design (CAGD). This type of surface has significantly contributed to many important areas especially in reconstructing medical images such as bone and organs. The reconstructed surface is used in further study for example behavioural analysis, safety analysis and surgical planning. Many successful methods have been developed for example Bezier, Ball and Timmer triangular surfaces. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the literature on the triangular surface is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of existing methods on triangular surface are discussed and highlighted in this paper. The methods will be compared in terms of basis function development and the results of produced surface are shown visually. The main objective of this paper is to assist researchers in deciding the best method to be used in surface reconstruction.
Numerical simulations of agent navigation via Half-Sweep Modified Two-Parameter Over-Relaxation (HSMTOR)
Authors: Musli F A , Sulaiman J , Saudi A
Published: August 2021

The research on the efficiency of route navigation has been continuously developing. Especially, the capability of the generated route to provide a collision-free route for an agent to move in a particular environment. Thus, this study attempts to solve the route navigational problem iteratively via a numerical method. A new method called Half-Sweep Modified Two-Parameter Over-Relaxation (HSMTOR) is used to solve the navigational problems. For numerical simulation purposes, HSMTOR is used to obtain Laplace’s equation solutions called harmonic functions. A gradient descent search algorithm then utilizes the harmonic functions to provide a smooth and collision-free route for an agent to commute inside the environment. In addition, the formulation of the HSMTOR iterative method is presented. Several numerical experiments and simulations are conducted in order to verify the efficiency of the proposed method. The result shows that the proposed method performed better than the existing methods such as full-, half-sweep for Modified Successive Over-Relaxation, Modified Accelerated Over-Relaxation and Modified Two-Parameter Over-Relaxation respectively (FSMSOR, HSMSOR, FSMAOR, HSMAOR and FSMTOR).
An overview: on path planning optimization criteria and mobile robot navigation
Authors: Atiyah Anis Naema , Adzhar Noraziah , Jaini Nor Izzati
Published: August 2021

Mobile robots are growing more significant from time to time and have been applied to many fields such as agriculture, space, and even human life. It could improve mobile robot navigation efficiency, ensure path planning safety and smoothness, minimize time execution, etc. The main focus of mobile robots is to have the most optimal functions. An intelligent mobile robot is required to travel autonomously in various environments, static and dynamic. This paper article presents the optimization criteria for mobile robot path planning to figure out the most optimal mobile robot criteria to fulfill, including modeling analysis, path planning and implementation. Path length and path smoothness are the most parameters used in optimization in mobile robot path planning. Based on path planning, the mobile robot navigation is divided into three categories: global navigation, local navigation and personal navigation. Then, we review each category and finally summarize the categories in a map and discuss the future research strategies.
Convergence properties of 3-point block Adams method with one off-step point for ODEs
Authors: Soomro H , Zainuddin N , Daud H
Published: August 2021

Numerous critical and intricate systems from various disciplines of sciences are developed by means of differential equations. Analytical methods are frequently complex or unfeasible to execute for problems due to the difficulty of these systems, therefore, numerical methods are the way out. To integrate differential equations, the most common approaches are single step and multistep techniques. A well-known multistep method Adams formula is one of the appropriate methods for solving non-stiff ordinary differential equation (ODEs). Present research emphases of 3-Point Block Method with one off-step point using Adams Moulton Formula for finding the solution intended for the system of non-stiff first order ODEs. Block method has been derived by considering the Adams Formula. The development of this method will compute the three solution values at xn+1
, x
n+2 and x
n+3 comprising of one off-step point at x
n+2.5 using constant step size. The advantage of adding up one off-step point in the implicit Adams method will lead us towards better accuracy. This paper is shaped up with the derivation of the formula followed by its convergence properties by using MATHEMATICA software. As a result, the method is consistent and zero-stable, which implies convergence.
Power outage prediction by using logistic regression and decision tree
Authors: Saidi Alia Yasmin Nor , Ramli Nor Azuana , Muhammad Noryanti , Awalin Lilik Jamilatul
Published: August 2021

The occurrence of the power outage caused inconvenience to the customers including the energy suppliers. There are various factors that can trigger the power outage such as lightning, weather or animal. In this paper, the power outage prediction has been performed by using the datasets provided which are lightning data and tripping report. The machine learning method was carried out to predict the power outage occurrence by using the Classification Learner App in MATLAB. Before performing the machine learning method, the data went through the data pre-processing to ensure the data is clean and the significant feature for prediction can be selected to run in the Classification Learner App. The results of this research have shown that Fine Tree is the most suitable model to be used for the prediction of power outage. The results have been compared by using the Area Under Curve (AUC) in Receiving Operating Characteristic (ROC). Logistic Regression and Coarse Tree shows the lowest value of AUC compared to other model and Fine Tree has the highest value of AUC.
Handling leukaemia imbalanced data using synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE)
Authors: Chin F Y , Lim C A , Lem K H
Published: August 2021

High dimensional data always lead to overfitting in the prediction model. There are many feature selection methods used to reduce dimensionality. However, previous studies in this area of research have reported that an imbalanced class raises another issue in the prediction model. The existence of the imbalanced class can lead to low accuracy in the minority class. Therefore, high dimensional data with imbalanced class not only increase the computational cost but also reduce the accuracy of the prediction model. Handling imbalanced class in high dimensional data is still not widely reported in the literature. The objective of the study is to increase the performance of the prediction model. We increased the sample size using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and performing the dimension reduction using minimum redundancy and maximum relevance criteria. The support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to build the prediction model. The leukaemia dataset was used in this study due to its high dimensionality and imbalanced class. Consistent with the literature, the result shows that the performance of the shortlisted features is better than those without undergoing the SMOTE. In conclusion, a better classification result can be achieved when high dimensional feature selection coupled with the oversampling method. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the use of a constant amount of synthesis of SMOTE, further study on different amounts of synthesis might provide different performances.
Stock portfolio selection based on investors’ risk preference
Authors: Shahidin Ainon Mardhiyah , Othman Shahirulliza Shamsul Ambia , Razali Nur Syahirah Mohd
Published: August 2021

Stock portfolio investment gives investors the opportunity to engage in diversification among stocks which helps to achieve higher financial risk-adjusted return. A properly diversified stock portfolio should include stocks that have different economic variable such as interest rate, exchange rate and share price. It helps investors to achieve higher risk-adjusted return, nevertheless there are investors who love risk known as Risk Premium investors and Risk Averse investors who prefer lower risk. The risk value of stocks acts as an indicator in selecting stocks to be included in a portfolio. Risk value of stock portfolios is used in selecting stock portfolio that follows investors’ risk preference. This study forecast share price by using Geometric Brownian Motion and hence use the Variance Covariance to calculate Value at Risk of each stock and stock portfolio in future investment. The stock portfolios in this study are based on five sectors which are industrial-product, consumer, construction, technology, and trading and services. Thus, there are five stock portfolios that are produced for each type; Risk Averse and Risk Premium investors. Using the Value at risk of each stock portfolio, it is found that Stock portfolio from the Industrial Product Trading and Service sectors is the most suitable for Risk Averse and Risk Premium investors respectively. This study may serve as a guide for investors in creating and choosing stock portfolios for future investment based on their risk preference and also forecast its Value at Risk.
Kazakh and Russian Translation of FSMAS-SF Instrument
Authors: Sapazhanov Yershat , Orynbassar Alibek , Kadyrov Shirali , Ahmedov Anvarjon , Sydykhov Bakhyt
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to develop an instrument in both Kazakh and Russian languages that measures students’ attitudes towards mathematics through translating a widely used 51-item instrument developed by Mulhern and Rae.

Methodology: This work utilized factor analysis in SPSS using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with VARIMAX. To this end, the attitude test of Mulher and Rae consisting of 51 5-point Likert scale items in English were translated into Kazakh and Russian languages. The translated instrument is conducted amoing 378 university students in Kazakhstan. To test the internal consistency, the Cronbach alpha methodology was implemented.

Main Findings: The results revealed five underlying dimensions of the instrument with 37 items in both languages. These five scales are Success, Male Domain, Parent’s Attitudes, Mathematics-Related Affect, and Usefulness scales. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Barlett’s test of sphericity threshold is reported to be 0.875 with chi-square 7106, degree of freedom 1275 and p-value less than 0.0001. The analysis show a very high overall Cronbach reliability coefficient of .91.

Applications of this study: This study can be used in any mathematics learning descilpine in higher education institutions where medium of instruction is either Kazakh or Russian to test whether students attitudes towards mathematics is improving or not. Besides, the instrument can be used to study correlation between attitudes towards mathematics and learning outcome in the field.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This is probably the first ever work done in Kazakh and Russian to develop a comprehensive instrument that measures students’ attitudes towards mathematics.
Identifying factors that affected student enrolment in Additional Mathematics for urban areas of Kuantan district
Authors: Chuan Z L , Liong C-.Y. , Yusoff W N S W , Aminuddin A S A , Tan E H
Published: August 2021

The skilful and qualified Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) workforces are expected to be in high demand in the 21st digital economy. In Malaysia public education system, the principal key to STEM education is Additional Mathematics. However, the statistics depicted that the number of upper secondary students enrolled in Additional Mathematics have been severely delineated. Furthermore, the prerequisite to enrol in STEM and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) courses in tertiary education is achieving a minimum grade C for Additional Mathematics. Therefore, the principal objective of this article is to identify the significant factors that affected the upper secondary students enrolled in Additional Mathematics using Pearson’s chi-square test without Yates continuity correction and unadjusted odds ratio (OR). A validated questionnaire comprised nine potential factors that affected enrolment in additional mathematics was distributed to 389 Form Four students’ cohort 2020 from four selected urban government schools to pursue this objective. Based on the finding of this article, several initiatives might be taken by the policymakers, such as the teachers may enhancing and throughout the broad of STEM and TVET careers in the 21st digital economy era, while the students’ parents can participate in schools in building the communicating and coordinating mechanism. Consequently, the number of upper secondary enrolled in STEM education might be increased to pipeline the future STEM and TVET human capitals in sustaining and stabilising the national economy in the digital era.
Influence factors for proceeding with open and distance learning: UiTM Pahang sharing experience
Authors: Adnan Noor Izyan Mohamad , Ujang Suriyati , Syed W ahid Sharifah Norhuda , Azizah Y acob Nor , Zaini Azniza Ahmad , Adam Mohd Bakri
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost all sectors in the world, including education. As an effort to break the chain of virus spreading, schools and higher institutions in most countries have stopped all physical classes for a while. Ministry of Education has directed a virtual learning to be conducted in schools and higher education during Movement Control Order was implemented in Malaysia to proceed the teaching and learning process. The virtual learning included online and offline learning which is called as open distance learning. Hence, the main objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence the Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch students to continue practicing the open and distance learning. A set of questionnaires was disseminated to all 7,363 students of Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, where a number of 1,181 responses had been received from the survey conducted with a responding rate of 16%. The demographic aspects of the students were represented by a descriptive statistic and the identification o f p o ssible f a ctors w a s u s ed t o b u ild a n e w analysis model using logistic regression analysis. According to the results obtained, there are six factors that influenced t he s tudents t o c ontinue p racticing O DL w hich a r e: 1 ) w orkstation, 2 ) internet access, 3) learning equipment 4) understanding learning video 5) frequentness of device usage and 6) exchange of final e x amination t o fi na l as se ssment. Ba se d on th e ov er all mo de l, 70.94% of the sample was correctly classified.
Primary school pupils’ images of mathematics
Authors: Ismail Nazihah , Abdullah Nur Hidayah Masni , Osman Roselah , Ramli Nazirah , Hilmi Zulkifli Ab Ghani
Published: August 2021

Images of mathematics are one of the critical elements of students’ knowledge in mathematics learning. The knowledge is formed through students’ various activities and experiences throughout their lives, including mathematics education events. This study examines the images of mathematics held by three primary school pupils of one small town located on the outskirt of Pahang. Data were collected through unstructured interview sessions and written question forms. One Year 4 male pupil, one Year 5 male pupil, and a Year 6 female pupil were selected using the convenience sampling method. Several matters related to the images of mathematics learning and metaphors related to mathematics are discussed in this paper.
A study of vehicle routing problem via trade-off ranking method
Authors: Jaini Nor Izzati , Aminuddin Adam Shariff Adli , Misni Farahanim , Zainuddin Zaitul Marlizawati
Published: August 2021

Vehicle routing defines selecting the minimum cost, distance, and/or time path from a depot to several alternatives for a goods or service to reach its destination. The objective of most routing problem is to minimize the total cost of providing the service. But other objectives also may come into play, particularly in the public sector. For emergency services, such as ambulance, police, and fire engine, minimizing the response time to an incident is of primary importance. A few routing algorithms do not use a deterministic algorithm to find the “best” route for a goods to get from its original source to its destination. Instead, to avoid congestion, a few algorithms use a randomized algorithm that routes a path to a randomly picked intermediate destination, and from there to its true destination. In this paper, the trade-off ranking method is used to solve for the vehicle routing treated as a conflicting multi-criteria problem. The integration of the trade-off ranking method into the vehicle routing problem gives another perspective on how to solve the problem, hence broadened the decision support system for the vehicle routing problem.
Multi-objective hybrid harmony search-simulated annealing for location-inventory-routing problem in supply chain network design of reverse logistics with CO2 emission
Authors: Misni F , Lee L S , Jaini N I
Published: August 2021

The advancement of supply chain network design in reverse logistics is gaining interest from the industries. In recent years, the multi-objective framework of the problem has been widely studied by researchers. This paper integrates three different levels of decision planning in supply chain network design: location-allocation problem for strategic planning, inventory planning management for tactical planning, and vehicle routing for operational planning. A location-inventory-routing problem based on the economic production quantity model with environmental concerns is considered. This study aims to minimise the total cost of operating facilities, inventory and distance travelled by the vehicles as the first objective while minimising the CO2 emission cost as the second objective. Due to the complexity of the problem, a non-dominated sorting and ranking procedure is applied into a Multi-Objective Hybrid Harmony Search-Simulated Annealing (MOHS-SA) algorithm to find the trade-off between these two objectives. Computational experiments on the benchmark instances indicate that the proposed MOHS-SA algorithm can produce well-distributed Pareto-optimal solutions for multi-objective problems.
A comprehensive review of hybrid game theory techniques and multi-criteria decision-making methods
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Akram Ramadhan , Jaini Nor Izzati , Khalif Ku Muhammad Naim Ku
Published: August 2021

More studies trend to hybrid the game theory technique with the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method to aid real-life problems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the hybrid game theory technique and MCDM method. The fundamentals of game theory concepts and models are explained to make game theory principles clear to the readers. Moreover, the definitions and models are elaborated and classified to the static game, dynamic game, cooperative game and evolutionary game. Therefore, the hybrid game theory technique and MCDM method are reviewed and numerous applications studied from the past works of literature are highlighted. The result of the previous studies shows that the fundamental elements for both frameworks were studied in various ways with most of the past studies tend to integrate the static game with AHP and TOPSIS methods. Also, the integration of game theory techniques and MCDM methods was studied in various applications such as politics, economy, supply chain, engineering, water management problem, allocation problem and telecommunication network selection. The main contribution of the recent studies of employment between game theory technique and MCDM method are analyzed and discussed in detail which includes static and dynamic games in the non-cooperative game, cooperative game, both non-cooperative and cooperative games and evolutionary game.
Solving incomplete fuzzy pairwise comparison matrix using fuzzy DEMATEL
Authors: Mohamad Daud , Zainuddin Nur Syafiqah
Published: August 2021

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods that utilize pair-wise comparison in the evaluation process. The method is later extended to the fuzzy environment to cater and solve the problem of ambiguity and imprecise information known as fuzzy AHP. In the evaluation process, the issue of incomplete information has become a prevalent problem which may lead to invalid and biased results. The incomplete information occurs commonly due to inefficiency or negligence in handling the information and also the unavailability of the information for particular instances and situations. In this paper, a fuzzy DEMATEL based method of estimating incomplete values in fuzzy AHP is proposed. An imputation approach is used in the proposed method where the incomplete information is replaced with plausible and reasonable fuzzy values in the fuzzy AHP decision matrix. A step-by-step illustration of approximating the incomplete information will be given through a numerical example. It is found out that the estimation of the incomplete information in fuzzy AHP using fuzzy DEMATEL preserved the consistency of evaluation which is a vital validity instrument of evaluation for the fuzzy AHP.
Sharia-compliant stock preference using similarity-based Fuzzy Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Shariff Jamilah Mohd , Mohamad Daud , Hasan Noorfahida
Published: August 2021

The introduction of Sharia-compliant stocks at Bursa Malaysia can be considered as a type of socially responsible investing mechanism, especially for Muslim investors. An increase in the public interest in stock investment has led to the introduction of methods of categorizing and selecting preferred stocks effectively. Fuzzy decision-making methods have also become an important approach due to the nature of ambiguous and imprecise available data in the decision-making process. Nevertheless, some simplifications are inevitable to reduce the complexity of the problem, and consequently, loss of vital information may occur. In this paper, a similarity-based fuzzy grey relational analysis (FGRA) is proposed to rank selected Sharia-compliant stocks. An element of similarity measure is introduced in the original FGRA to reduce the loss of information in the computation when the distance between fuzzy numbers is utilized. The similarity measure can capture more information compared to distance measure since, in the computation, additional geometrical features of fuzzy numbers will be incorporated. An improvised procedure of FGRA is offered and implemented to rank selected Sharia-compliant stocks based on some fundamental analysis criteria. A comparison is then made on the preference obtained by the proposed procedure with the original FGRA.
A view of MCDM application in education
Authors: Malik Durrani Aimi Abdul , Yusof Yuhani , Khalif Ku Muhammad Na’im Ku
Published: August 2021

The effectiveness of the teaching and learning process by educators plays a significant role for countries to prepare students’ potential in the forthcoming new industrial revolution (IR). However, the current COVID-19 pandemic and dynamic changes in the curriculum have created a significant shift of emphasis to educators. Hence, the teaching and learning process problems nowadays, including selecting appropriate effectiveness learning, have become a tough decision for educators. It can be solved using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The MCDM technique is widely applied and accepted in various fields but less in the teaching and learning context. This paper reviews and analyses the type of decision problems that were paid most attention to MCDM approaches, the adopted fuzzy set theory as well as inadequacies of those approaches. The purpose is to analyse and identify the literature review related to the applications of MCDM in education so new attributes and appropriate MCDM models for decision making can be suggested. The process involved comparing and analysing the MCDM application and fuzzy set theory in education by reviewing related articles in international scientific journals and well-known international conferences. Some improvements and more future works are recommended based on the inadequacies. The reviewed result may create an interest to the Ministry of Education (MoE) as it proposes teaching and learning process improvement, which will help to achieve greater satisfaction among educators and students.
Optimal Strategy Synthesis for Stochastic Boolean Games
Authors: Ghani Ahmad Termimi Ab , Higuchi Kojiro
Published: August 2021

In this study, we regard a classification of winning strategy and payoff function over infinite plays. The central goal is to examine the values of the game and then to determine the existence of optimal (∈-optimal) strategy. Furthermore, we are interested in the subject of what sort of optimal (∈-optimal) strategy exists. We first review on generalised reachability games and then we introduce a new game, called Boolean games and concentrate on games with a Boolean combination of the reachability games. The primary contribution is on the existence of ∈-optimal finite memory strategy of each player for any ∈ > 0. We also prove every player has no ∈-optimal memoryless strategy for some Boolean game.
Graph splicing rules with cycle graph and its complement on complete graphs
Authors: Abdul Razak M N S , Fong W H , Sarmin N H
Published: August 2021

Graph splicing system is a notion originally used to illustrate the one-dimensional string of DNA splicing in the form of a graph. A graph splicing system is associated with a graph splicing scheme where graph splicing rules are defined. A graph splicing rule restricts the possible cuts to occur on the edges of the initial graph(s) in a graph splicing system. The subgraphs of the initial graph are used in the splicing rules to determine the edges that will be cut from the initial graph. The concept of graph splicing system can be applied on various types of graph, hence generates components of spliced graphs depending on the types of the graph splicing rules used. There is a graph splicing rule called as a cutting rule which can be applied on both linear graphs and circular graphs where the graphs are transformed into Pseudo-Linear Form. However, this cutting rule has limited various possible cuts that can occur on the complete graph. Therefore, in this research, the original concept of graph splicing system is applied on complete graphs as the initial graphs. Also, graph splicing rules involving subgraphs of the initial graphs which are also complete graphs, are considered and applied in the graph splicing system. Furthermore, the generated spliced graphs are obtained through the graph splicing system.
Relative Commutativity Degree of Nonabelian Metabelian Groups of Order 32
Authors: Zakariah N A , Mohd Ali N M
Published: August 2021

A metabelian group is a group whose commutator subgroup is abelian. Similarly, a group G is metabelian if and only if there exists an abelian normal subgroup, A, such that the quotient group,
G
/
A
, is abelian. The scope of this research is only for nonabelian metabelian groups of order 32. The commutativity degree of a group G is the probability that two elements of the group G (chosen randomly with replacement) commute. This probability can be used to measure how close a group is to be abelian. This concept has been extended to the co-prime probability which is defined as the probability of a random pair of elements x and y in G for which the greatest common divisor for the order of x and order of y is equal to one. Furthermore, the study of relative commutativity degree of a subgroup H of a group G which is the probability of an element in H commutes with an element in G is included in this research. Previous researchers have determined the commutativity degree of nonabelian metabelian groups of order at most 32. Meanwhile, the co-prime probability and the relative commutativity degree of both cyclic and noncyclic subgroups H are obtained for nonabelian metabelian groups of order at most 30. Since there is no nonabelian group of order 31, thus in this research the co-prime probability and the relative commutativity degree of cyclic subgroups for nonabelian metabelian groups of order 32 are determined.
Consistency Relations of an Extension Polycyclic Free Abelian Lattice Group by Quaternion Point Group
Authors: Mohammad Siti Afiqah , Sarmin Nor Haniza , Hassim Hazzirah Izzati Mat
Published: August 2021

An extension of a free abelian lattice group by finite group is a torsion free crystallographic group. It expounds its symmetrical properties or known as homological invariants. One of the methods to compute its homological invariants is by determining the polycyclic presentation of the group. These polycyclic presentations are first shown to satisfy its consistency relations. Therefore, our focus is to show that this extension polycyclic free abelian lattice group by quaternion point group satisfy its consistency relations.
Elementary components of electroencephalography signals viewed as prime numbers
Authors: Fuad Amirul Aizad Ahmad , Ahmad Tahir , Nor Nur Aisyah Mohamad
Published: August 2021

The disabling aspect of epilepsy disease is that it seems to be erratic and random in nature. Electroencephalogram (EEG) serves as an essential non-invasive tool to diagnose and manage epilepsy, allowing the physiological manifestations of irregular cortical excitability to be demonstrated. Certain prior EEG features related to seizure onset may facilitate seizure pattern predictions through mathematical models. A better understanding of these patterns can positively improve epilepsy management and, in turn, improve the quality of life of epilepsy patients. Thus, the goal of the current paper is to show that elementary EEG signals during a seizure can be perceived as prime numbers. First, the recorded EEG signals are written as a product of their elementary components through the Krohn – Rhodes decomposition technique. Following this, every elementary component of EEG signal is expressed in terms of a summation of their simpler parts via the Jordan – Chevalley decomposition process. Conversely, some prime numbers are decomposed similar to Jordan – Chevalley decomposition of elementary EEG signals and presented as Pseudo – Goldbach Theorem. Finally, the results demonstrate substantial evidence that the EEG signals follow a pattern similar to that of the distribution of prime numbers among positive integers.
The non-zero divisor graph of ring of integers modulo six and the Hamiltonian quaternion over integers modulo two
Authors: Zai Nur Athirah Farhana Omar , Sarmin Nor Haniza , Khasraw Sanhan Muhammad Salih , Gambo Ibrahim , Zaid Nurhidayah
Published: August 2021

The study of graph theory was introduced and widely researched since many practical problems can be represented by graphs. A non-zero divisor graph is a graph in which its set of vertices is the non-zero elements of the ring and the vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xy ≠ 0. In this study, we introduced the non-zero divisor graphs of some finite commutative rings in specific the ring of in tegers modulo 6, ℤ6 and ring of Hamiltonian quaternion, ℍ(ℤ2). First, the non-zero divisors of the commutative rings are found. Then, the non-zero divisor graphs are constructed. Finally, some properties of the graph, including the chromatic number, clique number, girth and the diameter are obtained.
Closure properties of bonded sequential insertion-deletion systems
Authors: Fong Wan Heng , Yosman Ahmad Firdaus , Hassim Hazzirah Izzati Mat
Published: August 2021

Through the years, formal language theory has evolved through continual interdisciplinary work in theoretical computer science, discrete mathematics and molecular biology. The combination of these areas resulted in the birth of DNA computing. Here, language generating devices that usually considered any set of letters have taken on extra restrictions or modified constructs to simulate the behavior of recombinant DNA. A type of these devices is an insertion-deletion system, where the operations of insertion and deletion of a word have been combined in a single construct. Upon appending integers to both sides of the letters in a word, bonded insertion-deletion systems were introduced to accurately depict chemical bonds in chemical compounds. Previously, it has been shown that bonded sequential insertion-deletion systems could generate up to recursively enumerable languages. However, the closure properties of these systems have yet to be determined. In this paper, it is shown that bonded sequential insertion-deletion systems are closed under union, concatenation, concatenation closure, λ-free concatenation closure, substitution and intersection with regular languages. Hence, the family of languages generated by bonded sequential insertion-deletion systems is shown to be a full abstract family of languages.
Subclasses Of Bi-Univalent Functions Defined By Hilbert Space Operator
Authors: Ahmed Sarah , Darus Maslina
Published: August 2021

In this work, two subclasses of analytic bi-univalent functions dealing with Hilbert space operator are introduced. The second and third coefficient estimates of the subclasses aforementioned are given.
Direct product of finite intuitionistic fuzzy normed normal subrings
Authors: Alhaleem Nour Abed , Ahmad Abd Ghafur
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we define direct product of finite intuitionistic fuzzy normed normal subrings and investigate relevant properties. We also provide some essential operations specially subset, complement and intersection related to direct product of finite intuitionistic fuzzy normed normal subrings. Then we generalize the relation between the intuitionistic characteristic function and direct product of finite intuitionistic fuzzy normed normal subrings. Finally, we construct many fundamental properties which characteristic direct product of finite intuitionistic fuzzy normed normal subrings.
The entropy of rough neutrosophic multisets
Authors: Alias Suriana , Mohamad Daud , Shuib Adibah
Published: August 2021

The entropy of rough neutrosophic multisets is introduced to measure the fuzziness degree of rough multisets information. The entropy is defined in two ways, which is the entropy of rough neutrosophic multisets generalize from existing entropy of single value neutrosophic set and the rough neutrosophic multisets entropy based on roughness approximation. The definition is derived from being satisfied in the following conditions required for rough neutrosophic multisets entropy. Note that the entropy will be null when the set is crisp, while maximum if the set is a completely rough neutrosophic multiset. Moreover, the rough neutrosophic multisets entropy and its complement are equal. Also, if the degree of lower and upper approximation for truth membership, indeterminacy membership, and falsity membership of each element decrease, then the sum will decrease. Therefore, this set becomes fuzzier, causing the entropy to increase.
On the spectral properties of the differential operators with involution
Authors: Abdullayeva Cholpon , Turdueva Begimai , Ahmedov Anvarjon
Published: August 2021

In this paper we deal with the problems of the eigenfunction expansions related to the differential operators with involution. The mean value formula for the eigenfunction is obtained with application of the transformation methods of the operators in the symmetric regions. The obtained formula is applied to estimate the eigenfunctions of the given differential operator in the ball. For domains with smooth boundary, the solution to these differential operator problems involves eigenfunction expansions associated with biharmonic-type operator with Navier boundary conditions.