bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No-reflow after recanalization in ischemic stroke: From pathomechanisms to therapeutic strategies
Authors: Sun Feiyue , Zhou Jing , Chen Xiangyu , Yang Tong , Wang Guozuo , Ge Jinwen , Zhang Zhanwei , Mei Zhigang
Published: February 2024

Endovascular reperfusion therapy is the primary strategy for acute ischemic stroke. No-reflow is a common phenomenon, which is defined as the failure of microcirculatory reperfusion despite clot removal by thrombolysis or mechanical embolization. It has been reported that up to 25% of ischemic strokes suffer from no-reflow, which strongly contributes to an increased risk of poor clinical outcomes. No-reflow is associated with functional and structural alterations of cerebrovascular microcirculation, and the injury to the microcirculation seriously hinders the neural functional recovery following macrovascular reperfusion. Accumulated evidence indicates that pathology of no-reflow is linked to adhesion, aggregation, and rolling of blood components along the endothelium, capillary stagnation with neutrophils, astrocytes end-feet, and endothelial cell edema, pericyte contraction, and vasoconstriction. Prevention or treatment strategies aim to alleviate or reverse these pathological changes, including targeted therapies such as cilostazol, adhesion molecule blocking antibodies, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activator, adenosine, pericyte regulators, as well as adjunctive therapies, such as extracorporeal counterpulsation, ischemic preconditioning, and alternative or complementary therapies. Herein, we provide an overview of pathomechanisms, predictive factors, diagnosis, and intervention strategies for no-reflow, and attempt to convey a new perspective on the clinical management of no-reflow post-ischemic stroke.
Novel Speed-Flow Model Based on Queuing Theory and Its Potential Application in Highway Capacity Guidelines
Authors: Wu Ning , Geistefeldt Justin
Published: February 2024

Speed-flow relationships are incorporated in many highway capacity guidelines such as the U.S. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) and the German Highway Capacity Manual (HBS). The speed-flow relationship can be used to predict the operating speed depending on the traffic volume. Based on traffic-flow theory, many models for the speed-flow relationship under fluid and congested traffic conditions have been developed. However, most of the speed-flow relationships used in guidelines are either based on empirical regression analysis and thus lack a theoretical background or include model parameters that do not have a realistic meaning. In this paper, a speed-flow relationship is derived based on the queuing theory in a form that the main model parameters can be expressed as real traffic-flow parameters, which can be obtained by field measurements. These parameters are the free-flow speed, the potential capacity of the imbedded queuing system, and a parameter for the stochastics of the queuing system. By varying the model parameters, different geometric, traffic, and control conditions can be considered. Even the impact of new technologies such as connected and automated vehicles can be accounted for by adjusting those parameters.
Predicting Robotics Pedagogical Content Knowledge: The Role of Computational and Design Thinking Dispositions via Teaching Beliefs
Authors: Hsu Chung-Yuan , Tsai Meng-Jung
Published: February 2024

This research aimed to investigate the structural relationships among teachers’ computational thinking (CT), design thinking (DT), robotics teaching beliefs, and robotics pedagogical content knowledge (RPCK). A total of 98 in-service and pre-service teachers who participated in a robotics teaching professional development workshop served as the sample of the study. A survey including the Computational Thinking Scale, the Design Thinking Disposition Scale, the Robotics Teaching Beliefs Scale and the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge–Robotics Scale was conducted after the workshop. A confirmatory factor analysis was employed to validate the measurement constructs, and Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis was utilized to examine the relationships among the factors. The results revealed that both CT and DT dispositions could positively predict teachers’ robotics teaching beliefs, which subsequently predicted their RPCK. Moreover, a direct positive relationship between CT and RPCK was identified, while such a relationship was not evident for DT. The model demonstrates the critical role of CT in shaping teachers' beliefs and pedagogical strategies of robotics teaching, and provides insights into the indirect influence of DT. Finally, the Model of Robotics Teaching Professional Development (MRTPD) was proposed to profile how to promote teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge of robotics teaching from their CT and DT dispositions.
Opening Pressure and Post–Lumbar Puncture Headache in Children Undergoing Intrathecal Baclofen Trial
Authors: Summers Amanda E. , Wilson Jenny L.
Published: February 2024

Aims: Post–lumbar puncture headache occurs in 5% to 12% of children. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and predictors of post–lumbar puncture headache in children with hypertonia undergoing lumbar puncture for intrathecal baclofen trial. Methods: This was a retrospective single-center review of all 43 children (<18 years) with hypertonia and/or dyskinesia undergoing intrathecal baclofen trial from 2013-2022. Predictors of post–lumbar puncture headache were evaluated via 2-way paired t test and Fisher exact test. Results: Seven subjects (16.3%) developed post–lumbar puncture headache. Of patients who developed post–lumbar puncture headache, 3 required emergency care or hospitalization. One was misdiagnosed with constipation. The 16 patients without opening pressure measured were excluded from subsequent analyses. Of the 27 patients with documented opening pressure, the mean opening pressure was 24.0 cm H2O (SD 6.5) and 5 (18.5%) had elevated opening pressure (>28 cm H2O). Mean opening pressure was higher for those with post–lumbar puncture headache (28.6 vs 22.4 cm H2O, P = .014). Sixty percent of patients with elevated opening pressure developed post–lumbar puncture headache. Baclofen pumps were placed in 4 (80%) patients with elevated opening pressure and 6 (85.7%) with post–lumbar puncture headaches without complications. Interpretation: The risk of post–lumbar puncture headache after intrathecal baclofen trial was higher than reported in the literature, likely because of greater rates of elevated opening pressure. Physicians may use opening pressure to predict risk for post–lumbar puncture headache and should educate families about symptoms. Elevated opening pressure or post–lumbar puncture headache may not preclude baclofen pump placement.
A Deeper Look at the Boy Scouts of America “Perversion” Files: Structural Factors Related to Access and Abuse
Authors: Mackinem Mitchell B. , Laufersweiler-Dwyer Deborah
Published: February 2024

The Boy Scouts of America’s (BSA’s) Ineligible Volunteer (IV) files, commonly called the “perversion files,” is a unique data set allowing researchers to examine organizational characteristics that allow for child sexual victimization. Despite the uniqueness of this data set, few researchers have examined it. The researchers examined a random sample of cases from the IV files of scout leaders who molested scouts. A situational crime theoretical model was employed as had been used in studies on the Catholic Church sexual abuse scandal, proving effective. The researchers examined randomly selected from 1980 to 1999. Of initially examined 400 randomly selected cases, only 140 held retrievable data. The majority of the 140 cases did not have scouting victims, which resulted in a reduction to 48 cases. Beyond the several scouting forms, many files contained public domain information, including newspaper articles, police reports, criminal justice records, and/or records of civil litigation. Through both the scouting documents and the public domain records, the researchers identified six BSA-specific characteristics that allowed motivated adult leaders to molest their victims. These characteristics included (a) weak or inefficient incident reporting system, (b) failure to collect and review pertinent information, (c) organizationally legitimate reasons for one-on-one contact, (d) volunteer imbalance, (e) legitimate reasons for separation from protective adults, and (f) social status as a prophylactic defense. These structural characteristics are explored through descriptive statistics and specific case studies illustrating the phenomena. When the history of the IV files came to light through litigation, the BSA was forced to reconcile its past actions and develop new preventive measures. The Boy Scouts of America implemented various actions to protect the youth. Many of these protections specifically address structural characteristics.
“‘You Just Want to Give me Some Medicine and be on my Way’: Preferences, Beliefs, and Experiences Related to Western Medication among Members of a State-Recognized Tribe”
Authors: Reese Sarah E. , Liddell Jessica L. , Mascarena Laila
Published: February 2024

Background: Native American/American Indian (NA/AI) people have higher rates of chronic disease, including substance use and mental health disorders, compared to White Americans. Though pharmaceuticals can be helpful in addressing many chronic healthcare conditions, many people do not take medications as prescribed. NA/AI identity has been found to be associated with lower rates of medication adherence compared to White Americans. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to better understand NA/AI women's perceptions, beliefs, and experiences related to medication. Methods: Thirty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with NA/AI women from a state-recognized tribe located in the Gulf South. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a qualitative description approach. Results: Eighteen women discussed their experiences using medications when asked about their healthcare experiences. Participants identified the following themes in their discussion of medication: (a) Cost of Medication as a Barrier; (b) Negative Side Effects of Western Medication; (c) Fear of Resistance and Dependence; (d) Preference for Traditional Medicine or None; and (e) Lack of Communication around Medications from Providers. Conclusion: Our findings support the growing call for cultural safety within medical settings and integrating NA/AI conceptualizations of health and well-being and traditional practices into western healthcare settings to better support NA/AI people.
A new formal model analysis of deterrent to brinkmanship and the causes of the armament dilemma
Authors: Yamamoto Katsuzo
Published: February 2024

How close does a nation come to the brink of war with an opponent during the process of crisis bargaining? The present study constructs a new formal model focused on a challenger’s incentive to intensify military provocations against a defender that involve a trade-off between securing a more profitable bargaining outcome and increasing the risk of accidental war. This model identifies the conditions under which the defender’s threat of military coercion effectively deters the challenger from engaging in his payoff-maximizing level of provocations. The numerical simulations suggest that a military buildup by a nation can cause counterintuitive results, namely, the armament dilemma, depending on the balance of the marginal benefits and costs for participants and the effectiveness of deterrence. Meanwhile, a state’s military buildup always strengthens its own bargaining power relative to its opponent’s regardless of the occurrence of this dilemma; that is, the paradox of power does not arise.
Analysis and prediction of erosion behavior of epoxy composites using statistical and machine learning techniques
Authors: Mahapatra Sourav Kumar , Satapathy Alok
Published: February 2024

This work reports on the application of different machine learning (ML) techniques and statistical methods to analyze and predict the erosion wear performance of ramie fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. These composites, fabricated by conventional hand layup technique, are subjected to high-temperature erosion wear following a test schedule based on the design-of-experiments. The experimental database is used to determine the relative significance and contribution of individual parameter on the erosion wear rate using the analysis of variance. It suggests the impact velocity as the most significant factor contributing 81.2%, followed by impingement angle (13.56%), erodent temperature (0.06%) and stand-off distance (0.05%) to the wear rate. The data generated from experimentation are further processed to predict the erosion performance of the composites with a ML approach following four different algorithms such as support vector machine, decision tree, random forest and gradient boosting machine (GBM). The feature scores for different parameters in the above models are also evaluated to ascertain the contribution of each parameter, which consequently revealed that impact velocity and impingement angle with respective mean feature scores of 0.7538 and 0.1824 have maximum influence on the erosion rate. The performances of four different ML models are compared on the basis of their coefficient of determination (R2 value). It is found that the GBM outperforms other models with a R2 value as high as 0.9543 and has thus emerged as the best-performing prediction model. The possible mechanisms causing the wear loss are identified using electron microscopy.
Hepatic P53 upregulation and the genotoxic potential of acesulfame-K treatment in rats with a special emphasis on in vitro lymphocyte and macrophage activity testing
Authors: Mohammed Faten F. , Abdelrazik Eman G. , Anwar Abeer , Abdelgayed Sherein S.
Published: February 2024

Acesulfame-k (Ace-k) is a widely used artificial sweetener in various products, and long-term cumulative and multisource exposure is possible despite inadequate toxicological data confirming its safety. Ninety male rats were divided into two main groups according to their body weight into immature and mature rats. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups: control untreated, 30 and 90 mg/kg b. w of Ace-k via gastric intubation. The treatment was performed daily 5 days per week for 12 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected for in vitro testing of lymphocyte proliferation rate, comet assay, and macrophage activity about nitric oxide (NO) production. In addition, the collection of liver specimens was performed for P53 gene expression and histopathological evaluation. The results revealed that Ace-k induced modulation in lymphocyte proliferation rate and affected the production of NO by macrophages while increasing in tail moment in a dose-dependent manner that varied among different age groups. The upregulation of P53 in the liver was correlated with increased polyploidization and necro apoptotic reaction and various histopathological hepatic alterations. The present data revealed that chronic treatment of rats with Ace-k affects lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the genotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of Ace-k were confirmed.
Book review: Pamela Philipose, A Boundless Fear Gripped Me: How the Other Half Lived in the Pandemic’s Shadow
Authors: Rasaily Rinju
Published: February 2024

Pamela Philipose, A Boundless Fear Gripped Me: How the Other Half Lived in the Pandemic’s Shadow. Yoda Press, 2023, 109 pages, ₹258 (Paperback). ISBN 978-9-38-257988-5.
‘Help, I May Have to Go Home…’ Leaving the Hospital Not Too Early and Not Too Late: Optimising the Discharge Process
Authors: van Son Inge , Guicherit Onno R. , Lombarts A.
Published: February 2024

Hospital discharge is a complex matter. For patients it often involves insecurity; for hospitals, efficiency plays a major role. The consequences include uncertainty and anxiety among patients, unnecessary readmissions and rising costs for hospitals. Like in hotels where the check-out is the last part of the guest journey, the hospital discharge is crucial for, among other things, image-building. Improving the hospital discharge procedure contributes to a better patient experience and quality of life, word-of-mouth advertising, efficiency and costs for the hospital. In this preliminary study, the hospital discharge in a cancer clinic was studied. It was assumed that the hospital discharge went according to a protocol and a fixed procedure and to everyone’s satisfaction. In order to verify this, the procedure was examined and compliance with the protocol was checked. Amongst others, it became clear that patients experienced the planning of the hospital discharge as unstructured and improvised as there seemed to be no clear moment for discharge. On the staff side, the main focus was on the administrative burden of discharge. Furthermore, a clear coordination and division of tasks between the doctors and nurses was lacking. Hotel management check-out procedures are suggested to improve hospital discharges.
Evaluation of species-specific polyclonal antibodies to detect and differentiate between Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Lepore Tanja , Macrae Alastair I. , Cantón Germán J. , Cantile Carlo , Martineau Henny M. , Palarea-Albaladejo Javier , Cahalan Stephen , Underwood Clare , Katzer Frank , Chianini Francesca
Published: February 2024

Neosporosis and toxoplasmosis are major causes of abortion in livestock worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses. Detection tools are fundamental to the diagnosis and management of those diseases. Current immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests, using sera raised against whole parasite lysates, have not been able to distinguish between Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. We used T. gondii and N. caninum recombinant proteins, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using insoluble conditions, to produce specific polyclonal rabbit antisera. We aimed to develop species-specific sera that could be used in IHC on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections to improve the diagnosis of ruminant abortions caused by protozoa. Two polyclonal rabbit sera, raised against recombinant proteins, anti– Neospora-rNcSRS2 and anti– Toxoplasma-rTgSRS2, had specificity for the parasite they were raised against. We tested the specificity for each polyclonal serum using FFPE tissue sections known to be infected with T. gondii and N. caninum. The anti– Neospora-rNcSRS2 serum labeled specifically only N. caninum–infected tissue blocks, and the anti– Toxoplasma-rTgSRS2 serum was specific to only T. gondii–infected tissues. Moreover, tissues from 52 cattle and 19 sheep previously diagnosed by lesion profiles were tested using IHC with our polyclonal sera and PCR. The overall agreement between IHC and PCR was 90.1% for both polyclonal anti-rNcSRS2 and anti-rTgSRS2 sera. The polyclonal antisera were specific and allowed visual confirmation of protozoan parasites by IHC, but they were not as sensitive as PCR testing.
Openness to Experience and Player Satisfaction in a Simulation Game
Authors: Dumblekar Vinod , Antony Suresh Paul , Dhar Upinder
Published: February 2024

Background

Openness to experience (OTE) is one of the Big Five traits that describe the personality of the individual. Player satisfaction (Satisfaction) is composed of the factors of excitement, challenge, learning experience, team victory and self-discovery in a simulation game. OTE and Satisfaction appear to have a symbiotic relationship that feeds on their characteristics and outcomes. This study is undertaken to understand the relationship between OTE and Satisfaction in a simulation game.

Objectives of the Study

The objectives are to develop a scale of OTE in the context of a simulation game, to identify the factors of OTE and to study the interactive effects of OTE and Satisfaction and their factors.

Methods

An instrument of 40 statements was administered to 190 post-graduate management students at the end of a brand-related simulation game. It had 12 statements that represented OTE and 28 statements of the Satisfaction scale. The data was purified and processed for factor analysis; the variables and their factors were subjected to correlation and regression.

Results

Two OTE factors, each of eigenvalue greater than one, were extracted and named search for novelty and passion to know.

Discussion

The conclusions of this study may be generalisable only to sample profiles that are most similar to the study sample, but not to other contexts due to the ambiguous effect of personality, contexts and cultures on the study variables. The strong positive correlations between OTE, Satisfaction and their factors show their bases in a common platform, i.e. the experience of the simulation game. The search for novelty predicts Satisfaction more powerfully than OTE predicts Satisfaction. Self-discovery, learning experience and excitement affect OTE positively and more powerfully than challenge, team victory or Satisfaction. Further studies of passion, intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy may enhance our understanding of their impact on Satisfaction.
Damage analysis of axially compressed concrete-filled steel tube stub columns based on acoustic emission
Authors: Chang Yanjun , Rong Enchao , Chen Wanli , Ke Xiaojun , Xie Kaizhong
Published: February 2024

Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) widely applied in engineering structures due to its superior behavior requires monitoring and assessment for damage level. Here, the acoustic emission (AE) technique was used to monitor the fracture process of concrete core in CFST stub columns subjected to axial compression. Test and analyzed results show that the damage process of CFST specimens can be divided into four stages: compaction, elastic-plastic stage, strengthening and secondary strengthening. In the elastic-plastic stage, the evolutionary features of the AE event rate, cumulative energy, Ib-value and crack classification are capable of providing an early warning for cracked concrete core. Full crack propagation can be identified by the rapid increase in the proportion of shear cracks near the inflection point of load, which is impermissible in engineering structures. According to the analyses of the AE event rate and signal intensity in the elastic-plastic stage, the confinement of steel tube with thicker wall thickness or higher strength is delayed, which implies that this confinement is suggested to be triggered early. It is indicated that the AE technique has the potential to monitor and evaluate the damage process of CFST stub columns under axial compression, which can provide additional insight into the failure mechanism and assist in the scheme of repairs.
Life-Course Perspective on Immigrant Loneliness: A Conceptual Framework for Intergenerational Loneliness Trajectories
Authors: Cifci Fatmanur
Published: February 2024

Feelings of loneliness can impact the relationships between the generations and family members. Loneliness among immigrant family members and its generational transmission are attracting more and more attention from academics. Nonetheless, existing research is frequently lacking theoretical foundations. I provide the life-course approach as a framework for enhancing future studies and theories of intergenerational loneliness in members of immigrant families. Particularly, the life-course perspective emphasizes the significance of considering the influence of both an individual's life course, societal factors, linked lives across generations, and the historical context. I review key dimensions of the life-course perspective and make recommendations for future directions in immigrant research on loneliness, generational loneliness disparities, and the transmission of loneliness across generations.
The Relation Between Personal Values and Gratitude: Does It Differ Between Young Adults From Divorced Families and Married Families?
Authors: Russo Claudia , Barni Daniela , Dell’Era Anna , Zagrean Ioana , Danioni Francesca
Published: February 2024

Trait gratitude is an individual characteristic that makes people aware of the positive aspects of their lives and situations, and it represents a significant resource when facing critical life transitions. However, only a few studies have investigated which factors might promote gratitude. This study sought to fill this gap by analyzing the relationship between personal values and trait gratitude in a group of young adults with divorced parents compared to peers with married parents. One hundred and twenty-three Italian young adults (44.7% from divorced families) completed the Portrait Values Questionnaire-21 and the Gratitude Teen Survey. Results showed that conservation and self-transcendence values were positively related to gratitude for both groups. In contrast, self-enhancement values were positively associated with gratitude only among young adults with divorced parents. Limitations of the study, practical implications, and future research developments are discussed.
Association Between Weightbearing CT and MRI Findings in Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity
Authors: Andres Lynn , Donners Ricardo , Harder Dorothee , Burssens Arne , Nüesch Corina , Krähenbühl Nicola
Published: February 2024

Background:

Weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) scans allow for a better understanding of foot alignment in patients suffering from progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD). However, soft tissue integrity (eg, spring ligament complex or tibialis posterior tendon) cannot be easily assessed via WBCT. As performing both WBCT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might not be cost effective, we aimed to assess whether there is an association between osseous and soft tissue findings in WBCT and MRI.

Methods:

In this observational study, a consecutive cohort of 24 patients of various stages of PCFD (mean age 51 ± 18 years) underwent WBCT scans and MRI. Twenty-four healthy individuals of similar age, body mass index (BMI), and sex with WBCT scans were used as a control group. In addition to of osseous sinus tarsi impingement, 4 commonly used 3-dimensional (3D) measurements (talocalcaneal overlap [TCO], talonavicular coverage [TNC], Meary angle [MA], axial/lateral) were obtained using a dedicated postprocessing software (DISIOR 2.1, Finland) on the WBCT data sets. Sinus tarsi obliteration, spring ligament complex, tibiospring ligament integrity, as well as tibialis posterior tendon degeneration were evaluated with MRI. Statistical analysis was performed for significant ( P < .05) correlation between findings.

Results:

None of the assessed 3D measurements correlated with either spring ligament complex or tibiospring ligament tears. BMI and TCO were found to be associated with tibialis posterior tendon tears. Seventy-five percent of patients with osseous sinus tarsi impingement on WBCT also showed signs of sinus tarsi obliteration on MRI.

Conclusion:

Although WBCT reflects foot alignment and can reveal osseous sinus tarsi impingement in PCFD patients, the association between WBCT-based 3D measurements and ligament or tendon tears assessed via MRI is limited. WBCT appears complimentary to MRI regarding its diagnostic value. Both imaging options add important information and may impact decision making in the treatment of PCFD patients.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, observational study.
Epidemiology of Breast, Corpus Uteri, and Ovarian Cancers in Lebanon With Emphasis on Breast Cancer Incidence Trends and Risk Factors Compared to Regional and Global Rates
Authors: Lakkis Najla A. , Abdallah Reem M. , Musharrafieh Umayya M. , Issa Hanane G. , Osman Mona H.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

This study explores the incidence and trends of breast (Bca), corpus uteri (CUca), and ovarian (Oca) cancer in Lebanon, a Middle Eastern country. It compares the Bca rates to regional and global ones and discusses Bca risk factors in Lebanon.

Introduction

Globally, Bca is the premier cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women.

Methods

Data on female Bca, CUca, and Oca published by the Lebanese national cancer registry were obtained (ie, for the years of 2005 to 2016). The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRw) and age-specific rates per 100,000 female population were computed.

Results

From 2005 to 2016, Bca, Oca, and CUca ranked first, sixth, and seventh, respectively, for cancer incidence among women in Lebanon. Bca alone accounted for 39.4% of all new female cancer cases. The ASIRw increased significantly for Bca and CUca (APC: 3.60 and 3.73, P < .05) but not for Oca (APC: 1.27, P > .05). The Bca ASIRw (per 100,000) increased significantly from 71.0 in 2005 to 115.6 in 2013 ( P < .05), then decreased steadily but non-significantly to reach 96.8 in 2016 ( P > .05). Lebanon’s Bca ASIRw is comparable to developed countries. This may reflect altered sociological and reproductive patterns as the country transitions from regional to global trends. The five-year age-specific rates analysis revealed that Bca rates rose steeply from 35-39 to 50-54, dropped slightly between 55 and 64, then rose till 75+. The five-year age-specific rates between 35 and 54 among Lebanese women were amongst the highest worldwide from 2008 to 2012, even higher than the rates in Belgium, which had the highest ASIRw of Bca worldwide in 2020.

Conclusion

Lebanon’s Bca ASIRw is among the highest globally. It’s important to investigate the contributing factors and develop a national Bca control strategy. This study supports the national recommendation in initiating Bca screening at age 40 for women.
α-Synuclein: Multiple pathogenic roles in trafficking and proteostasis pathways in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zalon Annie J. , Quiriconi Drew J. , Pitcairn Caleb , Mazzulli Joseph R.
Published: February 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. A hallmark of both familial and sporadic PD is the presence of Lewy body inclusions composed mainly of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn), a presynaptic protein encoded by the SNCA gene. The mechanisms driving the relationship between α-syn accumulation and neurodegeneration are not completely understood, although recent evidence indicates that multiple branches of the proteostasis pathway are simultaneously perturbed when α-syn aberrantly accumulates within neurons. Studies from patient-derived midbrain cultures that develop α-syn pathology through the endogenous expression of PD-causing mutations show that proteostasis disruption occurs at the level of synthesis/folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), downstream ER-Golgi trafficking, and autophagic-lysosomal clearance. Here, we review the fundamentals of protein transport, highlighting the specific steps where α-syn accumulation may intervene and the downstream effects on proteostasis. Current therapeutic efforts are focused on targeting single pathways or proteins, but the multifaceted pathogenic role of α-syn throughout the proteostasis pathway suggests that manipulating several targets simultaneously will provide more effective disease-modifying therapies for PD and other synucleinopathies.
Administrator Perspectives on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Administration of the Patient Driven Payment Model in U.S. Skilled Nursing Facilities
Authors: Meehan Amy , Brazier Joan F. , Grabowski David C. , Rahman Momotazur , Shield Renee R. , Gadbois Emily A.
Published: February 2024

The Patient Driven Payment Model (PDPM) was implemented in U.S. skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in October 2019, shortly before COVID-19. This new payment model aimed to reimburse SNFs for patients’ nursing needs rather than the previous model which reimbursed based on the volume of therapy received. Through 156 semi-structured interviews with 40 SNF administrators from July 2020 to December 2021, this qualitative study clarifies the impact of COVID-19 on the administration of PDPM at SNFs. Interview data were analyzed using modified grounded theory and thematic analysis. Our findings show that SNF administrators shifted focus from management of the PDPM to COVID-19-related delivery of care adaptations, staff shortfalls, and decreased admissions. As the pandemic abated, administrators re-focused their attention to PDPM. Policy makers should consider the continued impacts of the pandemic at SNFs, particularly on delivery of care, admissions, and staffing, on the ability of SNF administrators to administer a new payment model.
Paraeducator Perspectives on Supporting Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Improving Paraeducator Training and Supervision
Authors: Walker Virginia L. , Coogle Christan , Mickelson Ann , Masud Andy B.
Published: February 2024

The number of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in PreK–12 schools has increased over time. However, paraeducators supporting students with ASD typically receive limited training and are unprepared for their roles. As part of a larger survey study, we conducted a content analysis of responses by paraeducators in one U.S. state across three open-ended survey items focused on their skills, training, and challenges specific to supporting students with ASD. Despite reporting limited preparation and training, paraeducators described a variety of knowledge, skills, and dispositions related to supporting students with ASD, many of which resulted from their practical experiences as opposed to school-based training and supervision. Our findings also confirm that paraeducators face a number of challenges in collaborating with other educational professionals and families and supporting students with ASD across settings due to limited training and preparation. We present implications for developing paraeducator training programs in the area of ASD and future research directions.
Long-Term results of macular buckle for MTM stage 3-4 With maculoschisis and macular detachment without and With lamellar macular hole
Authors: Ripa Matteo , Motta Lorenzo , Matello Veronika , Frisina Rino , Parolini Barbara
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To report the long-term anatomical and functional results of macular buckle for Myopic Traction Maculopathy (MTM) in stages 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b according to the MTM Staging System (MSS).

Methods

Retrospective observational cohort study involving 55 consecutive patients with MTM in stages 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b who underwent macular buckle (MB). Postoperative outcomes, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans to evaluate the MTM stage and its progression, were evaluated 1-month postoperatively (i.e., “intermediate follow-up”) and at last follow-up ranging between 6 and 156 months postoperatively (i.e., “final follow-up”).

Results

Fifty-five eyes affected by MTM who underwent MB were enrolled. The mean preoperative and postoperative axial length was 31.13 ± 2.14 and 29.73 ± 2.16 mm, respectively (p < 0.01), with a mean axial shift of 1.32 ± 0.77 mm. The mean sample best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline, intermediate, and final follow-ups was 0.87 ± 0.36, 0.73 ± 0.31, 0.41 ± 0.32 logMar, respectively (p < 0.01). Foveal and retinal anatomical improvements were achieved in 50 (91%) and 53 (96.4%) eyes at intermediate follow-up, respectively. In the final follow-up, 54 (98.2%) and 55 (100%) eyes showed foveal and retinal anatomical improvements, respectively.

Conclusions

MB as a single procedure, when applied to MTM in stages 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b, leads to significant anatomical and functional improvement. The MTM Staging System allows us to evaluate the best surgical technique and the surgical timing tailored to the different stages to increase the surgery's success and lower the complications of each technique.
Investigating D-Amino Acid Oxidase Expression and Interaction Network Analyses in Pathways Associated With Cellular Stress: Implications in the Biology of Aging
Authors: Kalidasan V , Suresh Darshinie , Zulkifle Nurulisa , Hwei Yap Siew , Kok Hoong Leong , Rajasuriar Reena , Theva Das Kumitaa
Published: February 2024

D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) is a flavoenzyme that metabolizes D-amino acids by oxidative deamination, producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a by-product. The generation of intracellular H2O2 may alter the redox-homeostasis mechanism of cells and increase the oxidative stress levels in tissues, associated with the pathogenesis of age-related diseases and organ decline. This study investigates the effect of DAO knockdown using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) through an in silico approach on its protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and their potential roles in the process of aging. The target sequence and guide RNA of DAO were designed using the CCTop database, PPI analysis using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, Reactome biological pathway, protein docking using GalaxyTongDock database, and structure analysis. The translated target sequence of DAO lies between amino acids 43 to 50. The 10 proteins that were predicted to interact with DAO are involved in peroxisome pathways such as acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1), alanine-glyoxylate and serine-pyruvate aminotransferase (AGXT), catalase (CAT), carnitine O-acetyltransferase (CRAT), glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (GNPAT), hydroxyacid oxidase 1 (HAO1), hydroxyacid oxidase 2 (HAO2), trans-L-3-hydroxyproline dehydratase (L3HYPDH), polyamine oxidase (PAOX), and pipecolic acid and sarcosine oxidase (PIPOX). In summary, DAO mutation would most likely reduce activity with its interacting proteins that generate H2O2. However, DAO mutation may result in peroxisomal disorders, and thus, alternative techniques should be considered for an in vivo approach.
Telephone versus video consultations: A systematic review of comparative effectiveness studies and guidance for choosing the most appropriate modality
Authors: Caffery Liam J , Catapan Soraia De Camargo , Taylor Monica L , Kelly Jaimon T , Haydon Helen M , Smith Anthony C , Snoswell Centaine L
Published: February 2024

Objective

This systematic review compared clinical, service and cost effectiveness of telephone consultations (TC) to video consultations (VC).

Methods

We searched Embase, CINAHL and MEDLINE for empirical studies that compared TC to VC using clinical, service or economic outcome measures. Clinician or patient preference and satisfaction studies were excluded. Findings were synthesised descriptively.

Results

A total of 79 articles were included. The most effective modality was found to be VC in 40 studies (50%) and TC in 3 (4%). VC and TC were found to be equivalent in 28 of the included articles (35%). VC were superior or equivalent to TC for all clinical outcomes. When compared to TC, VC were likely to have better patient engagement and retention, to improve transfer decisions, and reduce downstream sub-acute care utilisation. The impact of telehealth modality on consultation time, completion rates, failure-to-attend rates and acute care utilisation was mixed. VC were consistently found to be more cost effective despite having a higher incremental cost than TC.

Conclusions

Our systematic review demonstrates equal or better, but not inferior clinical and cost outcomes for consultations delivered by VC when compared to TC. VC appear to be more clinically effective when visual information is required, when verbal communication with the patient is impaired and when patient engagement and retention is linked to clinical outcomes. We have provided conditions where VC should be used in preference to TC. These can be used by clinicians to guide the choice of telehealth modality. Cost effectiveness is also important to consider when choosing modality.
Building resilience to misinformation in communities of color: Results from two studies of tailored digital media literacy interventions
Authors: Lee Angela Y , Moore Ryan C , Hancock Jeffrey T
Published: February 2024

Interventions to build resilience to misinformation should consider the needs of communities of color, who experience (mis)information in unique ways. We evaluated digital media literacy interventions to improve misinformation resilience among four communities of color in the United States (Black, Latino, Asian American/Pacific Islander, Native American), which were designed by the nonprofit PEN America and community partner organizations. We assessed intervention efficacy in two studies: (1) a quasi-experimental field study among diverse participants recruited via community outreach and (2) a randomized controlled trial among Latinos recruited via a survey company (total N = 370). Results indicated that participants in both studies improved their comprehension of digital media literacy skills after taking the intervention. However, only those recruited via community outreach improved their ability to accurately identify true and false online news in a behavioral detection task. Our findings highlight the need to consider heterogeneous treatment effects in misinformation interventions, particularly across different communities and intervention contexts.
Influence of interphase type and thickness on the interface properties and tensile damage evolution of C/SiC composites
Authors: Li Longbiao , Su Kang , Chen Zhaoke , Zhang Zhongwei , Xiong Xiang
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the influence of interphase type (i.e. single-phase (PyC) and co-deposited (PyC+SiC)) and thickness (i.e. 300, 600, 1000, and 2000 nm) on the interface properties and damage evolution of mini-C/SiC composites under cyclic loading/unloading tension was investigated. The micromechanical constitutive model was adopted to derive the damage parameter of inverse tangent modulus (ITM) and perform the hysteresis analysis to estimate the interface properties of the mini-C/SiC composites with large debonding energy. Experimental damage evolution of the ITMs with unloading or reloading stress was analyzed for different interphase types and thickness. The interface properties (e.g. the interface debonding stress and interface debonding energy) were obtained through the hysteresis analysis. Relationships between the loading/unloading ITMs, interface properties, and interphase type and thickness were established.
Face value: Recruitment lessons for research interviews
Authors: Sanders Amy
Published: February 2024

Advances in online data collection spurred on by a pandemic springboard have been well recognised, but less attention has been given to corresponding approaches in recruitment. This article addresses this gap by examining whether recruitment challenges can be overcome by utilising personalised recordings to recruit interviewees. Developed to engage elite interviewees in challenging circumstances, this innovation opens up methodological considerations of recruitment. Drawing on researchers’ and participants’ reflexive accounts, the advantages and limitations are considered of employing online recruitment videos which centre on the researcher to initiate connection. The contribution of this analysis is to foreground multiple goals of recruitment and expose the complexity of establishing recruitment efficacy. Moreover, it identifies three challenges of recruitment methods concerned with alienation, exclusion, and researcher well-being. Notwithstanding such shortcomings, this article argues videos offer an alternative recruitment method appropriate for the digital age that could be utilised for both online and in-person interviews.
Stress corrosion crack propagation behaviour of MAO ceramic coating on Mg alloy
Authors: Chen Hong , Chang Guixiang , Hao Jianmin
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the impact of static tensile loads on magnesium (Mg) alloys with and without ceramic coatings in simulated body fluids (SBF) using a combination of numerical simulation and experimental methods. The surface of an AZ31B Mg alloy was treated with a ceramic coating via micro-arc oxidation (MAO). Subsequently, bare Mg-alloy and MAO ceramic-coated specimens were subjected to static tensile stress testing using a tensiometer. After immersion for 12 h in SBF, the surface morphology and electrochemical corrosion of the stressed specimens were analysed. Notably, under the same tensile stress, the Mg alloy in the SBF exhibited more severe corrosion damage than the ceramic-coated specimen. Furthermore, there was a direct correlation between the corrosion rate of the ceramic coating and the magnitude of the applied tensile stress. Overall, the MAO ceramic coating exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared to the bare Mg alloy, even after undergoing static tensile stresses. The study demonstrates that MAO ceramic coatings can enhance the corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg implants by protecting them from the combined effects of bodily stresses and fluids.
Elevated INHBA Promotes Tumor Progression of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Wu Zhenghong , Chen Jina , Yang Lina , Sun Ke , Jiang Qianqian , Dong Fuyun , Lu Wei , Chen Rujun , Chen Yaping
Published: February 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the role of inhibin subunit beta A (INHBA) in the progression of cervical cancer (CCa) and investigate its potential as a therapeutic target. Specifically, the objectives were to assess the expression levels of INHBA in CCa, examine its correlation with patient survival, and elucidate its impact on CCa cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, migration, invasion, and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis. Methods: To achieve the objectives, we conducted a comprehensive set of experimental methods. INHBA expression in CCa was analyzed, and its association with patient survival was assessed using clinical data. In vitro experiments involved the investigation of INHBA's effects on CCa cell proliferation, cell cycle dynamics, migration, and invasion through the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Additionally, in vivo experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of INHBA on CCa growth and lung metastasis. Results: The results of this study revealed upregulated expression of INHBA in CCa, with a significant association between high INHBA expression and poor patient survival. Functionally, INHBA was found to promote the proliferation of CCa cells, regulate the cell cycle, and enhance migration and invasion through the EMT process in vitro. Moreover, in vivo experiments demonstrated that INHBA facilitated the growth and lung metastasis of CCa. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings suggest that INHBA plays a crucial role in the progression of cervical cancer. The upregulation of INHBA is associated with poor patient survival, and its involvement in promoting key aspects of cancer progression makes it a potential therapeutic target for CCa treatment. These results provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CCa and offer a foundation for further exploration of targeted therapeutic interventions.
A Simple Guide to Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liakos Aris , Pagkalidou Eirini , Karagiannis Thomas , Malandris Konstantinos , Avgerinos Ioannis , Gigi Eleni , Bekiari Eleni , Haidich Anna-Bettina , Tsapas Apostolos
Published: February 2024

Randomized controlled trials represent the cornerstone for the regulatory approval of drugs and evidence-based medicine and policy. Compared with observational studies random assignment of participants to each study arm guarantees an equal distribution of potential confounders thus achieving impartiality in the evaluation of between group differences and allowing for causal inferences to be drawn. These complex and costly medical experiments are tightly regulated and require substantial planning with great attention to several methodological aspects ranging from allocation concealment and blinding to sample size estimation, statistical analysis, and handling of protocol deviations. This brief guide offers useful insights into the design, conduct, and interpretation of clinical trial findings for beginners.