bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum Stochastic Cable Equation Acting on Functionals of Discrete-Time Normal Martingales
Authors: Tang Yuling , Wang Caishi , Ren Suling , Chen Jinshu
Published: January 2019

Let M be a discrete-time normal martingale satisfying some mild conditions. Then Gel’fand triple S(M)⊂L2(M)⊂S⁎(M) can be constructed of functionals of M, where elements of S(M) are called testing functionals of M, while elements of S⁎(M) are called generalized functionals of M. In this paper, we consider a quantum stochastic cable equation in terms of operators from S(M) to S⁎(M). Mainly with the 2D-Fock transform as the tool, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the equation. We also examine the continuity of the solution and its continuous dependence on initial values.
Emergency Contraceptives: Knowledge and Practice towards Its Use among Ethiopian Female College Graduating Students
Authors: Mishore Kirubel Minsamo , Woldemariam Abebaw Demissie , Huluka Solomon Assefa
Published: January 2019

Introduction. Ethiopia has a high incidence of unwanted pregnancies and incomplete and unsafe abortions, particularly among adolescents. This can be avoided by using different contraceptive methods including emergency contraceptives (EC). This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of EC among female college graduating students in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 214 female students selected from two randomly selected colleges. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 20.1. Level of significance was taken at P <0.05. Results. The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 21.06 (±2.14) years. Of the 200 (93.5%) study participants who had ever heard of ECs, 140 (70.0%) had good knowledge. Among the 214 graduating female students, 66 (33.0%) had ever used EC. Being above the age of 20 years old, father’s and mother’s literacy were found to be determinants of knowledge of EC. Moreover, knowledge was the only determinant factor of practice of EC. Conclusion. Most of the respondents had relatively good knowledge of EC. The study revealed that female students of older age and higher educational status of parents had higher knowledge and practice of EC.
Total and Free 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D and Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant African American Women
Authors: Dunlop Anne L. , Jordan Sheila L. , Ferranti Erin P. , Hill Cherie C. , Patel Shiven , Hao Li , Corwin Elizabeth J. , Tangpricha Vin
Published: January 2019

Objective.This study sought to investigate associations between serum total and free 25(OH)D and bacterial vaginosis (BV) in early and later pregnancy among US black women to provide insight into the most clinically relevant measure of vitamin D status among pregnant black women with respect to risk for BV as well as insights into critical time points for measuring and/or addressing vitamin D status in pregnancy.Methods.Data and biospecimens were derived from a subsample (N = 137) of women from the Emory University African American Vaginal, Oral, and Gut Microbiome in Pregnancy Cohort, for whom data related to vitamin D status (serum assays for total and free 25(OH)D) and Nugent score of Gram stained vaginal specimens in early (8-14 weeks) and later (24-30 weeks) were available. We compared total and free 25(OH)D concentrations for women according to Nugent score category (normal flora, intermediate flora, and BV) and assessed the odds of BV according to measures of vitamin D status.Results.Thirty-seven (27%) women had adequate vitamin D status at baseline, whereas 70 (51%) had insufficient vitamin D and 30 (22%) were vitamin D deficient; there were not significant differences in the proportion of women with adequate, insufficient, or deficient vitamin D according to Nugent score category. However, the odds of BV later in pregnancy were significantly higher for women who experienced a smaller rise in total 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D from 8-14 through 24-30 weeks gestation.Conclusion.The change in measures of vitamin D status from early to later pregnancy is associated with the occurrence of BV in pregnancy. Further research is needed to examine the association between the change in vitamin D status over pregnancy and the occurrence of BV and other measures of vaginal microbial composition as well as to identify factors that influence change in vitamin D status over pregnancy.
Polysaccharide-Based Superporous, Superabsorbent, and Stimuli Responsive Hydrogel from Sweet Basil: A Novel Material for Sustained Drug Release
Authors: Lodhi Bilal Ahmad , Hussain Muhammad Ajaz , Sher Muhammad , Haseeb Muhammad Tahir , Ashraf Muhammad Umer , Hussain Syed Zajif , Hussain Irshad , Bukhari Syed Nasir Abbas
Published: January 2019

This study is carried out on polysaccharide-based hydrogel extracted from the seeds of Ocimum basilicum L. for its evaluation as a superabsorbent and stimuli responsive biomaterial for sustained release drug delivery system. O. basilicum (Syn: Basil) seed hydrogel (BSH) expressed high swelling capacity at pH 6.8 and 7.4 and deionized water. Highly reversible on-off switching (swelling-deswelling) behavior of BSH was ascertained in deionized water and ethanol, pH 7.4 and 1.2, and deionized water and normal saline. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of BSH has revealed macroporous structure of BSH having average pore size of 1.92 ± 3.83 μm noted after swelling and lyophilization. BSH containing tablet formulations showed a sustained release pattern of diclofenac sodium (DS) which is dependent on the concentration of BSH. When comparing with commercially available formulation of DS, even better sustained release behavior of DS was observed in BSH-based formulation. Super case-II transport mechanism is followed by the DS release from BSH matrix tablet. Haemocompatibility studies of BSH were also performed and found it nonhaemolytic and nonthrombogenic.
Identifying Known and Unknown Mobile Application Traffic Using a Multilevel Classifier
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Chen Shuhui , Sun Yipin , Cai Zhiping , Su Jinshu
Published: January 2019

Due to the proliferation of mobile applications, mobile traffic identification plays a crucial role in understanding the network traffic. However, the pervasive unconcerned apps and the emerging apps pose great challenges to the mobile traffic identification method based on supervised machine learning, since such method merely identifies and discriminates several apps of interest. In this paper we propose a three-layer classifier using machine learning to identify mobile traffic in open-world settings. The proposed method has the capability of identifying traffic generated by unconcerned apps and zero-day apps; thus it can be applied in the real world. A self-collected dataset that contains 160 apps is used to validate the proposed method. The experimental results show that our classifier achieves over 98% precision and produces a much smaller number of false positives than that of the state of the art.
Germline Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Breast Cancer Patients with High Genetic Risk in Turkish Population
Authors: Geredeli Caglayan , Yasar Nurgul , Sakin Abdullah
Published: January 2019

Background. The guidelines recommend considering the BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in female patients with breast carcinomas. In this retrospective study, the BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence in high-risk breast carcinoma patients in a Turkish population was investigated. Materials and Methods. In high genetic risk breast carcinoma patients, the BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations were identified by applying next-generation sequencing. Results. The results showed BRCA1/2 mutations in 19% of the total patients. In those with first-degree relatives with breast carcinoma histories, the BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence was also 19%. In the patients younger than 40 years old, the BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence was 19.5%. In the triple-negative breast carcinoma patients younger than 60 years old, the BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence was 24.2%. In the patients younger than 40 years old with triple-negative breast carcinomas, BRCA1/2 mutation positivity was found in 37.5% of the patients. Overall, in the Turkish population, the BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence ranges from 19% to 37% in patients with high-risk breast carcinomas. Conclusion. It is recommended to check for BRCA1/2 mutations in all high-risk breast carcinoma patients in the Turkish population.
Effectiveness ofCoelatura aegyptiacaExtract Combination with Atorvastatin on Experimentally Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats
Authors: Mohamed Ayman Saber , Ibrahim Walaa Mohammed , Zaki Nashwah Ismail , Ali Sara Bayoumi , Soliman Amel M.
Published: January 2019

Background. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of clam extract in combination with atorvastatin against experimentally hyperlipidemia in rats.Method. Forty male rats were divided into 5 groups (8 rats /group): control, high fat diet (HFD), atorvastatin (AROR), clam extract (CE), and ATOR + CE.Results. The treatments with ATOR and /or CE significantly reduced the body weight gain, AST, ALT, ALP, TL, TC, TG, LDL-C, urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels while they increased total proteins, albumin, and HDL-C. The treatment with ATOR only did not cause any significant change in CK and MDA along with antioxidant system, while the treatment with CE alone or with ATOR significantly decreased CK and MDA accompanied by improving the antioxidant system.Conclusion. Combination of CE extract with atorvastatin improved the hyperlipidemic efficacy and reduced undesirable side effects especially on muscle.
The Association of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gestational Hypertensive Disorders in a Diverse Community-Based Cohort
Authors: Schneider Diane , Gonzalez Joel R. , Yamamoto Miya , Yang Jingrong , Lo Joan C.
Published: January 2019

Purpose. To examine the association of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) within a large population of pregnant women in an integrated healthcare system. Methods. This retrospective study utilized a source cohort of 1023 women with PCOS and 1023 women without PCOS who had a delivered pregnancy within Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Preexisting hypertension was defined by hypertension diagnosis, treatment, or elevated blood pressure prior to 20 weeks of gestation. The development of PIH, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, or HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count), was ascertained by chart review. Among women without preexisting hypertension who had a singleton pregnancy, the association of PCOS and PIH was examined using multivariable logistic regression. Results. Among 1902 women (910 PCOS) with singleton pregnancy, 101 (11.1%) PCOS and 36 (3.6%) non-PCOS women had preexisting hypertension and were excluded. Of the remaining 1765 women, those with PCOS (compared to non-PCOS) were slightly older (mean age 31.2 versus 30.7), more likely to be obese (39.6% versus 15.1%), nulliparous (63.8% versus 43.4%), and conceive with fertility treatment (54.1% versus 1.9%); they also had a higher incidence of PIH (10.8% versus 6.6%), including gestational hypertension (5.8% versus 3.6%) and preeclampsia or HELLP (4.9% versus 3.0%; all p<0.05). PCOS was associated with increased odds of PIH (odds ratio, OR 1.7, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.2-2.4), remaining significant after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, nulliparity, and fertility treatment; however, findings were attenuated and no longer significant after adjusting for weight status (OR 1.1, CI 0.7-1.7). Maternal PCOS was also associated with preeclampsia/HELLP in unadjusted but not adjusted (OR 1.0, CI 0.5-1.9) analyses. Nulliparity and higher prepregnancy BMI were associated with PIH in both groups. Conclusion. Compared to women without PCOS, women with PCOS are at higher risk for PIH but this association was not independent of weight status.
Application of Bat Algorithm for Transport Network Design Problem
Authors: Srivastava Sweta , Sahana Sudip Kumar
Published: January 2019

The requirement of the road services and transportation network development planning came into existence with the development of civilization. In the modern urban transport scenario with the forever mounting amount of vehicles, it is very much essential to tackle network congestion and to minimize the travel time. This work is based on determining the optimal wait time at traffic signals for the microscopic discrete model. The problem is formulated as a bilevel model. The upper layer optimizes the travel time by reducing the wait time at traffic signal and the lower layer solves the stochastic user equilibrium. Soft computing techniques like Genetic Algorithms, Ant Colony Optimization, and many other biologically inspired techniques prove to give good results for bilevel problems. Here this work uses Bat Intelligence to solve the transport network design problem. The results are compared with the existing techniques.
How Rising Income Inequality Threatens Access to the Legal System
Authors: Frank Robert H.
Published: January 2019

Incentives that lead sellers to introduce quality improvements and cost-saving innovations in competitive markets also ensure that no opportunity to cheat consumers remains unexploited. That difficulty underlies many American laws. But many people lack the income necessary to pay for legal interventions against unjust treatment, preventing them from meeting basic needs, like protection against financial fraud and abusive relationships. Growing income inequality has made this justice gap worse by reducing public funds available for legal aid in real terms, while also making it more difficult for low-income people to make ends meet. Simple policy changes could ease both problems without sacrifices from anyone. Those who could afford tax increases necessary to pay for more social services, including competent legal representation for everyone, resist this step because they believe that it would make it harder to buy the special things they want. But that belief is incorrect because the supply of special things is limited. The ability to bid successfully for them is unaffected by higher taxes, which do not affect relative purchasing power.
The Invisible Justice Problem
Authors: Caplan Lincoln
Published: January 2019

Understanding is sparse about the lives of people who are poor and struggling economically and who need help in solving a legal problem and don't get it. Politics over the past half-century has made them largely invisible. In that period, attacks of the right on the provision of access to justice have rested on the triumph of laissez-faire views: the fresh embrace of markets and the free-enterprise system. The upshot has been the winner-take-all economy of the past generation, in which improved access to justice is largely a nonissue. For access to become a priority of a national movement, it needs champions in national politics, not just in the legal profession. It needs powerful champions who advocate for greatly increased and improved access to justice as a primary American commitment.
Reclaiming the Role of Lawyers as Community Connectors
Authors: Levi David F. , Remus Dana , Frisch Abigail
Published: January 2019

With the prospect of nonlawyers stepping in to do low-fee legal work, how should the legal profession conceive of its relationship to that work and ensure that nonlawyers bolster rather than undermine the value that lawyers add to society? Lawyers should reclaim their role as connectors in their communities: interstitial figures with the knowledge, skill, and trust to help resolve disputes, move beyond stalemates, dispel tensions, and otherwise bring people and resources together in productive solutions. They should do so, at least in part, through pro bono work for poor and low-income clients. It would be a mistake to stand in the way of innovative solutions to the justice gap. But it would also be a mistake, and a deep loss, if lawyers–particularly those who do not normally represent poor and low-income clients– turned their backs on the poor and low-income segments of our society.
Access to What?
Authors: Sandefur Rebecca L.
Published: January 2019

The access-to-justice crisis is bigger than law and lawyers. It is a crisis of exclusion and inequality. Today, access to justice is restricted: only some people, and only some kinds of justice problems, receive lawful resolution. Access is also systematically unequal: some groups–wealthy people and white people, for example–get more access than other groups, like poor people and racial minorities. Traditionally, lawyers and judges call this a “crisis of unmet legal need.” It is not. Justice is about just resolution, not legal services. Resolving justice problems lawfully does not always require lawyers' assistance, as a growing body of evidence shows. Because the problem is unresolved justice issues, there is a wider range of options. Solutions to the access-to-justice crisis require a new understanding of the problem. It must guide a quest for just resolutions shaped by lawyers working with problem-solvers in other disciplines and with other members of the American public whom the justice system is meant to serve.
The Right to Civil Counsel
Authors: Brito Tonya L.
Published: January 2019

The U.S. Constitution grants no categorical right to counsel in civil cases. Undaunted, the legal profession's renewed effort to improve access to justice for low-income unrepresented civil litigants includes a movement to establish this right. How this right is implemented turns out to be as important as whether such a right exists. To be effective, any new right must be national in scope, adequately funded, and protected from political influence. Lawyers must be available early and often in the legal process, so that they can provide assistance for the full scope of their client's legal problem and prevent further legal troubles. A right to civil counsel should encompass proceedings where basic needs are at stake, and not be influenced by inadequately informed judgments of who is worthy of representation.
The New Legal Empiricism & Its Application to Access-to-Justice Inquiries
Authors: Greiner D. James
Published: January 2019

The United States legal profession routinely deals with evidence in and out of courtrooms, but the profession is not evidence-based in a scientific sense. Lawyers, judges, and court administrators make decisions determining the lives of individuals and families by relying on gut intuition and instinct, not on rigorous evidence. Achieving access to justice requires employing a new legal empiricism. It starts with sharply defined research questions that are truly empirical. Disinterested investigators deploy established techniques chosen to fit the nature of those research questions, following established rules of research ethics and research integrity. New legal empiricists will follow the evidence where it leads, even when that is to unpopular conclusions challenging conventional legal thinking and practice.
The Public's Unmet Need for Legal Services & What Law Schools Can Do about It
Authors: Perlman Andrew M.
Published: January 2019

Civil legal services in the United States are increasingly unaffordable and inaccessible. Although the causes are complex, law schools can help in three ways beyond simply offering free legal clinics staffed by lawyers and students. Law schools can teach the next generation of lawyers more efficient and less expensive ways to deliver legal services, ensure that educational debt does not preclude lawyers from serving people of modest means, and conduct and disseminate research on alternative models for delivering legal services. These strategies will not solve all of the problems that exist, but they hold the promise of meaningfully improving the affordability and accessibility of civil legal services.
The Center on Children & Families
Authors: King Shani M.
Published: January 2019

The University of Florida Levin College of Law Center on Children and Families addresses the instability many children face due to a wide range of challenges. They include poverty, violence, and the criminalization of youth of color. They also include inadequate health care, substandard educational opportunity, and the general failure of systems designed to support, protect, and treat children who are classified as dependent, delinquent, or otherwise in need. The Center's model rests on five premises that Professor Barbara Woodhouse and colleagues identified in their scholarship as essential for addressing crises rather than mitigating symptoms: curriculum, scholarship, conferences, advocacy, and clinics. Over the years, the Center has held numerous conferences to advance groundbreaking, practical research on family law and children's rights and has held youth summits in connection with those conferences to engage with youth on relevant legal issues. These efforts remain at the conceptual heart/core of the Center's work.
Techno-Optimism & Access to the Legal System
Authors: Rostain Tanina
Published: January 2019

For legal technologists, apps raise the prospect of putting the law in the hands of disadvantaged people who feel powerless to deal with their legal problems. These aspirations are heartening, but they rest on unrealistic assumptions about how people living in poverty deal with legal problems. People who are poor very rarely resort to the law to solve their problems. In the situations when they do seek solutions, they confront educational and material impediments to finding, understanding, and using online legal tools effectively. Literacy is a significant barrier. More than 15 percent of all adults living in the United States are functionally illiterate, meaning that, at best, they read at the fourth-grade level. Inadequate access to the Internet and limited research skills compound the challenges. To reach people from marginalized groups, access-to-justice technologies need to be integrated with human assistance.
The Role of the Legal Services Corporation in Improving Access to Justice
Authors: Sandman James J.
Published: January 2019

The Legal Services Corporation is the United States' largest funder of civil legal aid for low-income Americans. The LSC funds legal-aid programs that serve households with annual incomes at or below 125 percent of the federal poverty guideline. Legal-aid clients face a wide variety of civil legal problems: wrongful evictions, mortgage foreclosures, domestic violence, wage theft, child custody and child support issues, and denial of essential benefits. This vital work is badly underfunded. The shortfall between the civil legal needs of low-income Americans and the resources available to address those needs is daunting. Federal funding is necessary because support for civil legal aid varies widely from state to state. The LSC uses the “justice gap” metaphor to describe the shortfall between legal needs and legal services. Narrowing the gap is central to the LSC's mission.
Participatory Design for Innovation in Access to Justice
Authors: Hagan Margaret
Published: January 2019

Most access-to-justice technologies are designed by lawyers and reflect lawyers' perspectives on what people need. Most of these technologies do not fulfill their promise because the people they are designed to serve do not use them. Participatory design, which was developed in Scandinavia as a process for creating better software, brings end users and other stakeholders into the design process to help decide what problems need to be solved and how. Work at the Stanford Legal Design Lab highlights new insights about what tools can provide the assistance that people actually need, and about where and how they are likely to access and use those tools. These participatory design models lead to more effective innovation and greater community engagement with courts and the legal system.
Simplified Courts Can't Solve Inequality
Authors: Shanahan Colleen F. , Carpenter Anna E.
Published: January 2019

State civil courts struggle to handle the volume of cases before them. Litigants in these courts, most of whom are unrepresented, struggle to navigate the courts to solve their problems. This access-to-justice crisis has led to a range of reform efforts and solutions. One type of reform, court simplification, strives to reduce the complexity of procedures and information used by courts to help unrepresented litigants navigate the judicial system. These reforms mitigate but do not solve the symptoms of the larger underlying problem: state civil courts are struggling because they have been stuck with legal cases that arise from the legislative and executive branches' failure to provide a social safety net in the face of rising inequality. The legal profession and judiciary must step back to question whether the courts should be the branch of government responsible for addressing socioeconomic needs on a case-by-case basis.
Justice & the Capability to Function in Society
Authors: Pleasence Pascoe , Balmer Nigel J.
Published: January 2019

All over the world, civil legal problems are ubiquitous. But while all groups in every society that has been studied experience civil justice problems, these problems and their consequences do not fall equally. Socially disadvantaged people report more problems, more serious problems, and more negative consequences from them. The lack of legal capability-the lack of the capacity to understand and act on justice problems-plays a key role in creating these inequalities. A growing evidence base should support and enable global, national, and other policy-makers to achieve stated policy goals and enable people to respond effectively to the myriad legal problems that can threaten their aspirations and well-being.
Why Big Business Should Support Legal Aid
Authors: Frazier Kenneth C.
Published: January 2019

Corporations are part of the fabric of society. As members of American society-often, very powerful and influential ones-corporations have a deep interest in the health of the nation's democracy, a mainstay of which is the system of justice writ large. The concept of justice for all is so important to this democracy that the founders placed it in the Constitution's first line. But the system is not perfect. Attaining equal justice for all citizens and governing by the rule of law too often are merely aspirations. Corporations have a stake in ensuring that their disputes with others are resolved fairly, in a legal system that is viewed as treating all litigants equally under the law, regardless of size, wealth, or power. Corporate engagement in strengthening legal services in the United States is, in this way, an expression of corporate self-interest.
Executive Branch Support for Civil Legal Aid
Authors: Lash Karen A.
Published: January 2019

For government, access to justice is about more than legal justice. Legal services are essential tools to enable government programs to achieve a wide range of goals that help to provide an orderly, prosperous, and safe country. Recent efforts have transformed how some federal and state government officials think about and use civil legal aid to get their work done. Key in convincing them has been empirical evidence about the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of including legal services alongside other supportive services.
Why Judges Support Civil Legal Aid
Authors: Fisher Fern A.
Published: January 2019

To fulfill their role as neutral deciders in an adversarial legal system, judges need lawyers. Unrepresented litigants tax the court system and burden the people who work in it. Judges around the country, of all political stripes, are resolute in their support of civil legal aid. Judges support civil legal aid because they value equal justice and the protection of the disadvantaged. They support legal aid because it assists in the efficient and effective administration of the courts they run. They also support legal aid out of self-interest, because it makes their work lives less threatened and more effective.
Lawyers, the Legal Profession & Access to Justice in the United States: A Brief History
Authors: Gordon Robert W.
Published: January 2019

Ideally, justice is a universal good: the law protects equally the rights of the rich and powerful, the poor and marginal. In reality, the major share of legal services goes to business entities and wealthy people and the prestige and prosperity to the lawyers who serve them. This essay deals with the history of access to justice–chiefly civil justice–and with the role of lawyers and organized legal professions in promoting and restricting that access. In the last century, legal professionals and others have taken small steps to provide access to legal processes and legal advice to people who could not otherwise afford them. By doing so, they have inched closer to the ideals of universal justice. Though the organized bar has repeatedly served its own interests before those of the public, and has restricted access to justice for the poor, it has been a relatively constructive force.
Surroundings and Environments in Fourth Order Design
Authors: Buchanan Richard
Published: January 2019

Interior design is a neglected practice within the broader framework of design theory. Indeed, it is often misunderstood by the general public and sometimes regarded problematically among better-recognized design practices such as graphic design, industrial design, interaction design, and service design. However, with careful attention to the central themes of interior design, one may gain a new perspective on the nature of design itself and the unfolding development of design thinking from the late nineteenth century to the twenty-first century. Foremost among these themes is the transformation of the surrounding physical conditions of our lives into environments for human action and experience. This theme is explored through the creative matrix of the four orders of design, reflecting a shifting focus from place, space, and action to interiors of the mind. Interior design is an interesting and perhaps surprising example of fourth order design, where dialectical humanism plays a central role as an organizing theme for the great diversity of fourth order projects in the twenty-first century.
On the Cultural Anchorings of Knowledge Visualization
Authors: Baur Ruedi , Felsing Ulrike
Published: January 2019

This article concerns knowledge graphics from Chinese culture. These graphics are linked to specific designs based on concepts anchored in their own culture and time. The major question behind our research was: What kinds of special qualities do traditional Chinese diagrams have, as regards to their cultural framework and their specific design? At the heart of the research is the conception and creative development of “visual translations.” By redesigning existing knowledge graphics, the research team was able to perceive the cultural implications of the Chinese graphics.
Pamięci Profesor Violetty Koseskiej
Authors: Roszko Roman
Published: January 2019

To the memory of Professor Violetta KoseskaThis paper is devoted to an outstanding scholar. Violetta Koseska was a professor of synchronic linguistics and the author and co-author of many major theories in contrastive analysis. One only needs to mention theoretical contrastive analysis with mediating semantic language, which plays a key role in equivalent simultaneous description of multiple languages, or descriptions of semantic categories of: time (using Petri net theory) and definiteness/indefiniteness (using quantifier calculus), among other things – to realize the significance of Professor Koseska’s work. Pamięci Profesor Violetty KoseskiejTekst poświęcony wybitnej uczonej – profesor językoznawstwa synchronicznego Violetcie Koseskiej, autorce i współautorce wielu ważnych teorii z zakresu badań konfrontatywnych. Wystarczy wymienić kluczowe dla jednoczesnego równorzędnego opisu wielu języków teoretyczne badania konfrontatywne z semantycznym językiem-pośrednikiem, a także opisy kategorii semantycznych: czasu (z wykorzystaniem teorii sieci Petriego), określoności/ nieokreśloności (bazujący na rachunku kwantyfikatorów) i in., by zrozumieć i uświadomić sobie doniosłość prac zmarłej Profesor.
Propaganda jako termin naukowy polskiej politolingwistyki
Authors: Dudek-Waligóra Gabriela
Published: January 2019

Propaganda as a scientific term for Polish political linguisticsThe purpose of the article is to provide definitions of the concept propaganda and to explain the reasons for its controversial status as a scientific term describing contemporary political texts. In lexicographic works and in the literature in the field of political linguistics, propaganda is not understood unambiguously. Polish researchers define propaganda as the spreading of some views, particular political beliefs or attitudes, as well as attempts to influence behaviour by means of persuasive and/or manipulative nature. Propaganda has negative connotations associated with its flourishing in authoritarian regimes, where it was accompanied by censorship and government control of the mass media. In Polish political linguistics, the analyzed phenomenon refers predominantly to the socialist language, but polemical voices are also heard, emphasizing the inherent entanglement of politics and propaganda and the presence of propaganda in democratic regimes, where it serves the purposes of gaining and retaining power. The term propaganda is thus not neutral and as such, according to the author, should not be used as a scientific term. Propaganda jako termin naukowy polskiej politolingwistykiCelem artykułu jest przedstawienie definicji pojęcia propaganda i wyjaśnienie powodów jego dyskusyjnego statusu jako terminu naukowego określającego współczesne teksty polityczne. W opracowaniach leksykograficznych oraz w literaturze z zakresu politolingwistyki propaganda nie jest rozumiana jednoznacznie. Polscy badacze definiują propagandę jako upowszechnianie G. Dudek-Waligóra Propaganda jako termin naukowy polskiej politolingwistyki 24 jakichś poglądów, postaw czy idei, a także jako wywieranie wpływu, którym towarzyszą środki natury perswazyjnej lub/i manipulacyjnej. Propaganda ma negatywne konotacje związane z jej rozkwitem w systemach totalitarnych, gdzie towarzyszyły jej cenzura i rządowy monopol na środki masowego przekazu. Omawiane zjawisko na gruncie polskiej politolingwistyki odnosi się przede wszystkim do języka socjalistycznego, ale istnieją również głosy polemiczne, wskazujące na nierozerwalność polityki i propagandy oraz na obecność propagandy w ustroju demokratycznym, w którym służy ona zdobyciu i utrzymaniu władzy. Termin propaganda nie jest więc neutralny, dlatego zdaniem autorki nie powinien być terminem naukowym stosowanym dla nazywania bieżących wypowiedzi polityków.
Mikrotoponimy jako sposób kreowania ludowych miejsc kulturowych – podejście antropologii lingwistycznej
Authors: Dudziak Arkadiusz , Paiunena Marina
Published: January 2019

Microtoponyms as a way of creating folk cultural places – the approach of linguistic anthropologyThe paper deals with selected issues of linguistic anthropology with the purpose to examine a few theoretical assumptions of its methodology, taking into account Keith H. Basso’s study on the creation of cultural places as a result of linguistic activity. The research is based on the empirical material obtained from Polish native speakers, namely, folk tales of the residents of the Augustów County. Mikrotoponimy jako sposób kreowania ludowych miejsc kulturowych – podejście antropologii lingwistycznejTematyka artykułu dotyczy wybranych zagadnień antropologii lingwistycznej. Celem opracowania jest rekonesans głównych założeń metodologicznych antropologii języka z uwzględnieniem badań Keitha H. Basso z zakresu „tworzenia miejsc kulturowych” w rezultacie działalności językowej. Jako materiał empiryczny wykorzystano wypowiedzi polskich natywnych użytkowników języka – opowieści etniczne mieszkańców powiatu augustowskiego.
Изразяване на посесивност (притежателност) в производната субстантивна лексика в българския и чешкия език
Authors: Аврамова [Avramova] Цветанка [TSvetanka]
Published: January 2019

Expression of possessiveness in derivative substantive vocabulary of the Bulgarian and Czech languagesThe article is dedicated to researching the manifestations of possessiveness in some nouns of the Bulgarian and Czech languages. We start from the definition of possessiveness as a relation between the objects of extralinguistic reality, whereby one is the possessed object (possessum), the other one is its holder (possessor). In possessive semantics, a central place amidst the nouns is assigned to the nomina posessiva. Nevertheless, possessiveness is also expressed by nouns belonging to other word formation categories, where possessive semantics is not the leading one. Sposoby wyrażania posesywności w derywatach rzeczownikowych języka bułgarskiego i czeskiegoArtykuł rozpatruje sposoby wyrażania posesywności niektórych rzeczowników w języku bułgarskim i czeskim. Podstawą jest definicja posesywności jako stosunku między obiektami z rzeczywistości pozajęzykowej, z którym jeden jest obiektem posiadania (possessum), a drugi posiadaczem (possessor). Centralne miejsce wśród rzeczowników z semantyką posesywną zajmują nomina posessiva. Posesywność wyrażana jest jednak również przez rzeczowniki z innych kategorii słowotwórczych, w których nie dominuje semantyka posesywna.
Семантичен речник на роднинските названия в българския език
Authors: Георгиева [Georgieva] Цветелина [TSvetelina]
Published: January 2019

Semantic dictionary of kinship denominations in the Bulgarian languageThe article is a presentation of Semantic dictionary of kinship denominations in the Bulgarian language, which is integral part of my monograph Kinship and kinship denominations in the Bulgarian language (semantics and lexicographic presentation). The dictionary is organized according to digital codes (ideal terms), then a metalanguage in the form of definitions, and finally the particular language signs themselves. 111 particular kinship-related referents are presented (men, women, children and couples), for whom we have at least one denomination. The article provides information about a range of potential theoretical and scientific applications of the dictionary. Semantyczny słownik nazw stopnia pokrewieństwa w języku bułgarskimArtykuł jest prezentacją Semantycznego słownika nazw stopni pokrewieństwa w języku bułgarskim, stanowiącego integralną część mojej monografii Pokrewieństwo i nazwy stopni pokrewieństwa w języku bułgarskim (semantyka i opis leksykograficzny). Słownik zorganizowany jest według kodów cyfrowych (terminy idealne), następnie według tworzących metajęzyk definicji, w końcu zaś według samych poszczególnych znaków językowych. Prezentuję w nim 111 desygnatów-stopni pokrewieństwa, dla których dysponujemy choć jedną nazwą (kobiety, mężczyzny, dziecka czy pary). Artykuł wskazuje także szereg potencjalnych teoretycznych i naukowych zastosowań słownika.
Летописная ойконимия как источник реконструкции лексики древнерусского языка
Authors: Ююкин [IUiukin] Максим [Maksim] Анатольевич [Anatol'evich]
Published: January 2019

Annalistic oikonymy as a source for reconstruction of the Old Russian vocabularyAmong about 1,000 place names mentioned in the Old Russian chronicles (within the borders of contemporary Russia), there are 19 ones that are derived from stems non-attested as apellatives in the Old Russian written sources. The vast majority of them can be reconstructed by comparison with words of modern East Slavic languages or their dialects, but several are not known in the East Slavic zone, and have parallels in the West and (or) South Slavic languages only. Almost all of these words are geographical terms. The places in whose names they are preserved are located mostly in Novgorod Ruthenia and the Upper and Middle Volga basin. Ojkonimia latopisów jako źródło dla rekonstrukcji słownictwa języka staroruskiegoWśród około 1000 nazw miejscowych wymienionych w staroruskich kronikach (w granicach dzisiejszego państwa rosyjskiego) jest 19 pochodzących od podstaw, które nie są apelatywnie poświadczone w źródłach staroruskich. Zdecydowaną większość z nich można zrekonstruować na podstawie wyrazów należących do zasobu leksykalnego współczesnych języków wschodniosłowiańskich lub ich dialektów, ale kilka z nich ma analogie tylko w językach zachodnio- i południowosłowiańskich. Prawie wszystkie te słowa są terminami topograficznymi. Miejsca, w których nazwy są zachowane, znajdują się głównie w Rusi Nowogrodzkiej i dorzeczu Górnej i Środkowej Wołgi.
Walencja rosyjskich "verba sentiendi" w świetle składni eksplikacyjnej
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander
Published: January 2019

Valency of Russian verba sentiendi in the light of explicative syntaxThe subject of this article are syntactic (distributional) properties of Russian sentimental verbs (denoting emotions, moods, affects, passions etc.) in a synchronistic view. 319 units of modern Russian language are studied using a theoretical model of explicative syntax, i.e., representation of the propositional structure at the level of grammaticalization of certain argument positions (defined in terms of grammatical classes). The author distinguishes some distributional patterns noted in the source material (explicative schemes), describing them with reference to the meaning of the lexical class as well as to their frequency (functionality). Walencja rosyjskich verba sentiendi w świetle składni eksplikacyjnejPrzedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są składniowe (dystrybucyjne) właściwości rosyjskich verba sentiendi (nazw uczuć, emocji, afektów, nastrojów i in.) w ujęciu synchronicznym. Przy zastosowaniu teoretycznego modelu składni eksplikacyjnej zbadano 319 jednostek współczesnego języka rosyjskiego. Autor przedstawia wyodrębnione w materiale źródłowym wzorce/modele dystrybucyjne (schematy eksplikacyjne) i opisuje je z uwzględnieniem znaczenia klasy leksykalnej, jak również ze względu na ich częstość reprezentacji (funkcjonalność).
Charakterystyka językowa polskiej gwary górali bukowińskich
Authors: Krasowska Helena
Published: January 2019

Characteristic features of the Polish dialect of Bukovinian highlandersThe aim of this article is to examine the language characteristics of the Polish dialect of highlanders living in Carpathian Bukovina. The directions of the group’s migration are also presented in a sociolinguistic perspective. The phonetic, inflectional and word-formative features of the Bukovinian highlanders’ dialect were compared with the corresponding ones in the general Polish language. The Bukovinian highlanders’ dialect came into contact with the following language systems: among non-Slavic languages – German and Romanian; among Slavic languages – the general Polish language, Slovak, Ukrainian and Russian. The Bukovinian highlanders’ dialect is still open to influences of the local state languages – Ukrainian and Romanian; the general Polish language has also a big influence on it. Charakterystyka językowa polskiej gwary górali bukowińskichCelem tego artykułu jest zarysowanie charakterystyki językowej polskiej gwary górali zamieszkujących Bukowinę Karpacką. Zaprezentowano również kierunki migracji tej grupy w ujęciu socjolingwistycznym. Scharakteryzowano cechy fonetyczne, fleksyjne, słowotwórcze mowy górali bukowińskich w porównaniu z językiem ogólnopolskim. Systemy językowe, z którymi gwara weszła w kontakt, to – wśród języków niesłowiańskich – niemiecki i rumuński oraz – wśród języków słowiańskich – język ogólnopolski, słowacki, ukraiński, rosyjski. Mowa górali bukowińskich jest w dalszym ciągu otwarta na wpływy języków państwowych: ukraińskiego i rumuńskiego. Duży wpływ na ich gwarę ma również język ogólnopolski.
Предикатно-аргументная структура польских и болгарских многоприставочных глаголов
Authors: Мазуркевич-Сулковска [Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska] Юлия [Julia]
Published: January 2019

Predicate-argument structure of Polish and Bulgarian polyprefixal verbsThe modern Bulgarian and Polish languages display a tendency to create polyprefixal verbs that are characteristic carriers of expression in the spoken language. This tendency is especially apparent in Bulgarian. A question then arises: is the complexity of formative structure of such units reflected in their predicate-argument structure? In order to answer this question, it was necessary to conduct an analysis of predicate-argument structure of the polyprefixal verbs belonging to the class of the verba mentalis. The study has shown that all the analyzed polyprefixal verbs, despite their formal complexity, constitute a uniform class of two-argument predicates that create very similar sentence structures. Against the background of other verba mentalis, they are distinguished by very high frequency of occurrence of independent elements having a pleonastic value in relation to the verbum. Struktura predykatowo-argumentowa polskich i bułgarskich czasowników poliprefiksalnychWe współczesnych językach bułgarskim i polskim coraz częściej spotyka się czasowniki poliprefiksalne, stanowiące nośniki ekspresji charakterystyczne dla języka mówionego. Tendencję tę można zaobserwować zwłaszcza w języku bułgarskim. Powstaje pytanie: czy złożona struktura formalna tych czasowników znajduje odzwierciedlenie w ich strukturze predykatowo-argumentowej? Aby odpowiedzieć na to pytanie, należało przeprowadzić analizę struktury predykatowo-argumentowej poliprefiksalnych czasowników typu verba mentalis. Potwierdziła ona, że czasowniki takie, mimo złożonej struktury formalnej, tworzą jednorodną klasę predykatów dwuargumentowych, realizujących podobne struktury składniowe. Na tle pozostałych verba mentalis czasowniki te odróżnia częste stosowanie tzw. swobodnych fraz pleonastycznych, powtarzających semantykę danego czasownika.
Taronimy w komizmie językowym w "Wojnie polsko-ruskiej pod flagą biało-czerwoną" Doroty Masłowskiej i ich przekład na język rosyjski
Authors: Orzechowska Joanna
Published: January 2019

Taronyms in linguistic humour in Dorota Masłowska’s Snow white and Russian red and their translation into RussianErroneous mixing of linguistic units is one of the most common departures from the norm in novels. This linguistic device has two functions: 1) it presents the characters in the novel, 2) it constitutes a great source of puns and linguistic humour. Such misused words are known as taronyms. This paper presents their use in Dorota Masłowska’s Snow white and Russian red (Wojna polsko-ruska pod flagą biało-czerwoną) with reference to adverbs. The taronyms were identified among paronyms, synonyms, antonyms and adverbs from the same thematic group. Next, it was analyzed if and how this taronymy was reflected in the Russian translation of the presented novel. Taronimy w komizmie językowym w Wojnie polsko-ruskiej pod flagą biało-czerwoną Doroty Masłowskiej i ich przekład na język rosyjskiJednym z powszechnie stosowanych odstępstw od normy w powieści jest mylne użycie wyrazów. Ten zabieg pełni dwie funkcje: 1) jest charakterystyką bohaterów, 2) jest świetnym źródłem gier słownych i środkiem tworzenia komizmu językowego. Wyrazy mylone to taronimy. W niniejszym artykule przedstawione zostało użycie taronimów w Wojnie polsko-ruskiej w obrębie przysłówków. Wyodrębniono stosunki taronimiczne wśród paronimów, synonimów, antonimów i przysłówków z tej samej grupy tematycznej. Następnie przeanalizowano, czy i jak zjawisko taronimii jest odzwierciedlone w tłumaczeniu powieści na język rosyjski.