bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process and quality of peer review in scientific Nursing journals
Authors: Chien Wai Tong
Published: September 2011

To be high quality and international recognized scientific journal for health care professions, such as medical and nursing disciplines, a well-structured and effective peer review system is of an utmost importance. Beckstead (2009) in his guest editorial published in the September issue of International Journal of Nursing Studies suggested that it was important for authors, as well as editors and publishers, to have a clear understanding of whom the intended readers of the journal are; and for the peer reviewers, to answer a key question: whom are we writing to? and more importantly, to assure a transparent, rigorous and quality peer-review. Their questions and declarations stimulated us to think about two important issues: first, the importance of a high quality and effective peer-review in a scientific nursing journal and second, the peer-review system, its monitoring and contribution to quality improvement.
The Primary Cilium as a Biomarker in the Hypoxic Adaptation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Role for the Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins
Authors: Proulx-Bonneau Sébastien , Annabi Borhane
Published: September 2011

A pivotal role in guiding mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation has recently been attributed to the primary cilium. This solitary, non-motile microtubule-based organelle emerging from the cell surface acts as a sensorial membrane structure reflecting developmental and adaptive processes associated with pathologies including human cystic kidney disease, skeletal malformations, obesity and cancer. Given that the intrinsic hypoxic adaptation of MSC remains poorly understood within ischemic tissues or hypoxic tumours, we questioned whether the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) might be a downstream effector regulating cilium maintenance. We show that murine bone marrow-derived MSC cultured under hypoxic conditions (1.2% O2) lose their primary cilia in a time-dependent manner. Gene silencing of HIF-1α prevented cilia loss in hypoxic cultures, and generation of MSC expressing a constitutively active HIF-1α (MSC-HIF) was found to decrease primary cilium formation. A Wnt pathway-related gene expression array was also performed on MSC-HIF and indicated that the secreted Frizzled-related proteins (sFRP)-1, –3 and –4 were down-regulated, while sFRP-2 was up-regulated. Overexpression of recombinant sFRP-2 or gene silencing of sFRP-1, –3 and –4 in MSC led to primary cilium disruption. These results indicate a molecular signalling mechanism for the hypoxic disruption of the primary cilium in MSC involving an HIF-1α/sFRP axis. This mechanism contributes to our understanding of the adaptive processes possibly involved in the oncogenic transformation and tumour-supporting potential of MSC. Our current observations also open up the possibility for the primary cilia to serve as a biomarker in MSC adaptation to low oxygen tension within (patho)physiological microenvironments.
Systems of Weakly Coupled Hamilton-Jacobi Equations with Implicit Obstacles
Authors: Gomes Diogo , Serra António
Published: September 2011

In this paper we study systems of weakly coupled Hamilton-Jacobi equations with implicit obstacles that arise in optimal switching problems. Inspired by methods from the theory of viscosity solutions and weak KAM theory, we extend the notion of Aubry set for these systems. This enables us to prove a new result on existence and uniqueness of solutions for the Dirichlet problem, answering a question of F. Camilli, P. Loreti, and N. Yamada.
Global Non-Small Data Existence of Spherically Symmetric Solutions to Nonlinear Viscoelasticity in a Ball
Authors: Gawinecki Jerzy A. , Zajączkowski Woiciech M.
Published: September 2011

We consider some initial-boundary value problems for non-linear equations of the three dimensional viscoelasticity. We examine the Dirichlet and the Neumann boundary conditions. We assume that the stress tensor is a nonlinear tensor valued function depending on the strain tensor fulfilling the rules of the continuum mechanics. We consider the initial-boundary value problems in a ball
BR
with radius
R
. Since, we are interested in proving global existence the spherically symmetric solutions are considered. Therefore we have to examine the spherically symmetric viscoelasticity system in spherical coordinates. Applying the energy method implies estimates in weighted anisotropic Sobolev spaces, where the weight is a power function of radius. Hence the origin of coordinates becomes a singular point. First the existence of weak solutions is proved. Next having appropriate estimates the weak solutions appear bounded and continuous. We have to emphasize that non-small data problem is considered.
Removable Sets for $A$-Harmonic Functions
Authors: Challal Samia , Lyaghfouri Abdeslem
Published: September 2011

We establish in this paper that sets of

m

-Hausdorff measure zero are removable for

C^{0,\alpha}

A

-harmonic functions with m depending only on

n

,

\alpha

and

A

.
On Perturbed Substochastic Semigroups in Abstract State Spaces
Authors: Arlotti Luisa , Lods B. , Mokhtar-Kharroubi M.
Published: September 2011

The object of this paper is twofold: In the first part, we unify and extend the recent developments on honesty theory of perturbed substochastic semigroups (on

L^{1}(\mu )

-spaces or noncommutative

L^{1}

spaces) to general state spaces; this allows us to capture for instance a honesty theory in preduals of abstract von Neumann algebras or subspaces of duals of abstract

C^{\ast }

-algebras. In the second part of the paper, we provide another honesty theory (a semigroup-perturbation approach) independent of the previous resolvent-perturbation approach and show the equivalence of the two approaches. This second viewpoint on honesty is new even in

L^{1}(\mu )

spaces. Several fine properties of Dyson-Phillips expansions are given and a classical generation theorem by T. Kato is revisited.
Five blind men and an elephant: can NASA Aura measurements quantify the stratosphere-troposphere exchange of ozone flux?
Authors: Tang Q. , Prather M. J.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. We examine whether the instantaneous ozone (O3) measurements from the four Aura instruments can quantify the stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) flux of O3, an important term of the tropospheric O3 budget. Comparing the level 2 (L2) Aura swaths and ozone sondes with the coincident, high-resolution (1°×1°×40-layer×0.5 h) simulations using the University of California, Irvine chemistry transport model (CTM) for years 2005–2006, it is revealed in many cases that all four Aura datasets have some skill in catching the STE process, while missing many of them. Despite a few cases, the individual retrievals in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere contain too much noise preventing the quantification and integration of STE flux with Aura L2 data. The CTM is applied as a transfer standard to compare with different Aura observations. The statistics of exact matching CTM-Aura comparisons identify the model's high biases in the lower stratosphere and the inconsistency amongst different instruments, such as from tropics to Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes in July 2005 at 215 hPa and over tropics at 147 hPa for July 2005 and January 2006.
Characterization of soluble bromide measurements and a case study of BrO observations during ARCTAS
Authors: Liao J. , Huey L. G. , Scheuer E. , Dibb J. E. , Stickel R. E. , Tanner D. J. , Neuman J. A. , Nowak J. B. , Choi S. , Wang Y. , Salawitch R. J. , Canty T. , Chance K. , Kurosu T. , Suleiman R. , Weinheimer A. J. , Shetter R. E. , Fried A. , Brune W. , Anderson B. , Zhang X. , Chen G. , Crawford J. , Hecobian A. , Ingall E. D.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. A focus of the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was examination of bromine photochemistry in the spring time, high latitude troposphere based on aircraft and satellite measurements of BrO and related species. The NASA DC-8 aircraft utilized a chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) instrument to measure BrO and a mist chamber (MC) to measure soluble bromide. We have determined that the MC detection efficiency to molecular bromine (Br2), hypobromous acid (HOBr), bromine oxide (BrO), and hydrogen bromide (HBr) as soluble bromide (Br−) was 0.9±0.1, 1.06±0.30, 0.4±0.1, and 0.95±0.1, respectively. These efficiency factors were used to estimate soluble bromide levels along the DC-8 flight track of 17 April 2008 from photochemical calculations constrained to in situ BrO measured by CIMS. During this flight, the highest levels of soluble bromide and BrO were observed and atmospheric conditions were ideal for the space-borne observation of BrO. The good agreement (R2 = 0.76; slope = 0.98; intercept = −3.5 pptv) between modeled and observed soluble bromide, when BrO was above detection limit (>2 pptv) under unpolluted conditions (NO < 100 pptv), indicates that the CIMS BrO measurements were consistent with the MC soluble bromide. Tropospheric BrO vertical column densities (BROTROPVCD) derived from CIMS BrO observations compare well with BROTROPVCD from OMI on 17 April 2008.
A model of so-called "Zebra" emissions in solar flare radio burst continua
Authors: Treumann R. A. , Nakamura R. , Baumjohann W.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. A simple mechanism for the generation of electromagnetic "Zebra" pattern emissions is proposed. "Zebra" bursts are regularly spaced narrow-band radio emissions on the otherwise broadband radio continuum emitted by the active solar corona. The mechanism is based on the generation of an ion-ring distribution in a magnetic mirror geometry in the presence of a properly directed field-aligned electric potential field. Such ion-rings or ion-conics are well known from magnetospheric observations. Under coronal conditions they may become weakly relativistic. In this case the ion-cyclotron maser generates a number of electromagnetic ion-cyclotron harmonics which modulate the electron maser emission. The mechanism is capable of switching the emission on and off or amplifying it quasi-periodically which is a main feature of the observations.
Magnetopause reconnection across wide local time
Authors: Dunlop M. W. , Zhang Q.-H. , Bogdanova Y. V. , Trattner K. J. , Pu Z. , Hasegawa H. , Berchem J. , Taylor M. G. G. T. , Volwerk M. , Eastwood J. P. , Lavraud B. , Shen C. , Shi J.-K. , Wang J. , Constantinescu D. , Fazakerley A. N. , Frey H. , Sibeck D. , Escoubet P. , Wild J. A. , Liu Z. X. , Carr C.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. During April to July 2007 a combination of 10 spacecraft provided simultaneous monitoring of the dayside magnetopause across a wide range of local times. The array of four Cluster spacecraft, separated at large distances (10 000 km), were traversing the dawn-side magnetopause at high and low latitudes; the five THEMIS spacecraft were often in a 4 + 1 grouped configuration, traversing the low latitude, dusk-side magnetosphere, and the Double star, TC-1 spacecraft was in an equatorial orbit between the local times of the THEMIS and Cluster orbits. We show here a number of near simultaneous conjunctions of all 10 spacecraft at the magnetopause. One conjunction identifies an extended magnetic reconnection X-line, tilted in the low latitude, sub-solar region, which exists together with active anti-parallel reconnection sites extending to locations on the dawn-side flank. Oppositely moving FTE's are observed on all spacecraft, consistent with the initially strong IMF By conditions and the comparative locations of the spacecraft both dusk-ward and dawn-ward of noon. Comparison with other conjunctions of magnetopause crossings, which are also distributed over wide local times, supports the result that reconnection activity may occur at many sites simultaneously across the sub-solar and flank magnetopause, but linked to the large scale (extended) configuration of the merging line; broadly depending on IMF orientation. The occurrence of MR therefore inherently follows a "component" driven scenario irrespective of the guide field conditions. Some conjunctions allow the global magnetopause response to IMF changes to be observed and the distribution of spacecraft can directly confirm its shape, motion and deformation at local noon, dawn and dusk-side, simultaneously.
Nutrient control of N2 fixation in the oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea and the impact of Saharan dust events
Authors: Ridame C. , Le Moal M. , Guieu C. , Ternon E. , Biegala I. C. , L'Helguen S. , Pujo-Pay M.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. A better understanding of the factors controlling N2 fixation is a pre-requisite for improving our knowledge on the contribution of N2 fixation process in the nitrogen cycling. Trace-metal clean nutrient/dust addition bioassays (+P, +PFe, +dust) were performed at three stations located in the western, central and eastern Mediterranean Sea, in summer 2008 as part of the BOUM cruise. The main goals were (1) to investigate the nutrient factor(s) limiting N2 fixation (uptake of 15N2) and (2) to evaluate the potential impact of a Saharan dust event on this biological process during the stratification period. Initially, surface waters at the three stations were DIP-depleted (<10 nM) while the DFe concentrations were relatively high (from 1.2 to 2.3 nM) most likely due to atmospheric iron accumulation in the surface mixed layer. At all stations, Saharan dust input relieved the ambient nutrient limitation of the diazotrophic activity as demonstrated by the strong stimulation of N2 fixation (from 130 % to 430 %). The highest dust stimulation of N2 fixation was recorded at the station located in the eastern basin. The response of diazotrophic activity to nutrient additions was variable between the sampled stations suggesting a spatial variability of the factor controlling N2 fixation over the whole basin. At all stations, N2 fixation was not limited by Fe nor co-limited by P and Fe. At the western station, N2 fixation was DIP limited while at the eastern one, N2 fixation was first DIP limited, then was limited by one or several chemical element(s) released by dust. Our results demonstrated that a Saharan dust input was able to relieve these successive on going limitations. Very interestingly, at the station located in the central basin, N2 fixation was not limited by the availability of P yet it was strongly stimulated by dust addition (x3.1). A chemical element or a combination of several, released by the added dust may have been responsible for the observed stimulations of N2 fixation. These results indicated that Saharan dust pulses to the surface Mediterranean waters, in addition to P and Fe, could be a source of chemical(s) element(s) that are necessary for metabolic processes and therefore influence rates of N2 fixation.
Is the distribution of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus ecotypes in the Mediterranean Sea affected by global warming?
Authors: Mella-Flores D. , Mazard S. , Humily F. , Partensky F. , Mahé F. , Bariat L. , Courties C. , Marie D. , Ras J. , Mauriac R. , Jeanthon C. , Mahdi Bendif E. , Ostrowski M. , Scanlan D. J. , Garczarek L.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. Biological communities populating the Mediterranean Sea, which is situated at the northern boundary of the subtropics, are often claimed to be particularly affected by global warming. This is indicated, for instance, by the introduction of (sub)tropical species of fish or invertebrates that can displace local species. This raises the question of whether microbial communities are similarly affected, especially in the Levantine basin where sea surface temperatures have significantly risen over the last 25 years (0.50 ± 0.11 °C in average per decade, P < 0.01). In this paper, the genetic diversity of the two most abundant members of the phytoplankton community, the picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, was examined during two cruises through both eastern and western Mediterranean Sea basins held in September 1999 (PROSOPE cruise) and in June–July 2008 (BOUM cruise). Diversity was studied using dot blot hybridization with clade-specific 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes and/or clone libraries of the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region, with a focus on the abundance of clades that may constitute bioindicators of warm waters. During both cruises, the dominant Prochlorococcus clade in the upper mixed layer at all stations was HLI, a clade typical of temperate waters, whereas the HLII clade, the dominant group in (sub)tropical waters, was only present at very low concentrations. The Synechococcus community was dominated by clades I, III and IV in the northwestern waters of the Gulf of Lions and by clade III and groups genetically related to clades WPC1 and VI in the rest of the Mediterranean Sea. In contrast, only a few sequences of clade II, a group typical of warm waters, were observed. These data indicate that local cyanobacterial populations have not yet been displaced by their (sub)tropical counterparts.
New products for a better characterisation of smoke plume and gas/aerosol dispersion from boreal eurasian forest fires: the ALANIS Smoke Plume project
Authors: Muller J.-P. , Yershov V. , Fisher D. , Krol M. , Peters W. , San-Miguel J. , Palumbo I. , Sedano F. , Strobl P. , Clerbaux C. , George M. , Helbert J. , Guillaume B.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. The ALANIS (Atmosphere-LANd Integrated Study) Smoke Plume project is an on-going study funded by the ESA's Support to Science Element (STSE) dedicated to the monitoring of the fire aerosol and trace gases dispersion over Eurasia from multi-mission EO-based data, in link with the scientific issues of land-atmosphere processes in the iLEAPS community. The injection and dispersion of the smoke plumes are performed with the TM5 model from several new products (burnt areas and forest fire emissions amounts, smoke plumes injection heights) derived from the MERIS and AATSR products and from the validated IASI CO products. A first study focused on the Russian wildfire events of the summer of 2010 has shown the potential of the European missions to assess the forest fire emissions and the aerosols/gases injection and transport over Eurasia. The release of the integrated model, including the new products still under development, is planned for the summer of 2011.
Hydroacoustic monitoring of a salt cavity: an analysis of precursory events of the collapse
Authors: Lebert F. , Bernardie S. , Mainsant G.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. One of the main features of "post mining" research relates to available methods for monitoring mine-degradation processes that could directly threaten surface infrastructures. In this respect, GISOS, a French scientific interest group, is investigating techniques for monitoring the eventual collapse of underground cavities. One of the methods under investigation was monitoring the stability of a salt cavity through recording microseismic-precursor signals that may indicate the onset of rock failure. The data were recorded in a salt mine in Lorraine (France) when monitoring the controlled collapse of 2 000 000 m3 of rocks surrounding a cavity at 130 m depth. The monitoring in the 30 Hz to 3 kHz frequency range highlights the occurrence of events with high energy during periods of macroscopic movement, once the layers had ruptured; they appear to be the consequence of the post-rupture rock movements related to the intense deformation of the cavity roof. Moreover the analysis shows the presence of some interesting precursory signals before the cavity collapsed. They occurred a few hours before the failure phases, when the rocks were being weakened and damaged. They originated from the damaging and breaking process, when micro-cracks appear and then coalesce. From these results we expect that deeper signal analysis and statistical analysis on the complete event time distribution (several millions of files) will allow us to finalize a complete typology of each signal families and their relations with the evolution steps of the cavity over the five years monitoring.
Deriving mass balance and calving variations from reanalysis data and sparse observations, Glaciar San Rafael, northern Patagonia, 1950–2005
Authors: Koppes M. , Conway H. , Rasmussen L. A. , Chernos M.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. Mass balance variations of Glaciar San Rafael, the northernmost tidewater glacier in the Southern Hemisphere, are reconstructed over the period 1950–2005 using NCEP-NCAR reanalysis climate data together with sparse, local historical observations of air temperature, precipitation, accumulation, ablation, thinning, calving, and glacier retreat. The combined observations over the past 50 yr indicate that Glaciar San Rafael has thinned and retreated since 1959, with a total mass loss of ~22 km3 of ice eq. Over that period, except for a short period of cooling from 1998–2003, the climate has become progressively warmer and drier, which has resulted primarily in pervasive thinning of the glacier surface and a decrease in calving rates, with only minor acceleration in retreat of the terminus. A comparison of calving fluxes derived from the mass balance variations and from theoretical calving and sliding laws suggests that calving rates are inversely correlated with retreat rates, and that terminus geometry is more important than balance fluxes to the terminus in driving calving dynamics. For Glaciar San Rafael, regional climate warming has not yet resulted in the significant changes in glacier length seen in other calving glaciers in the region, emphasizing the complex dynamics between climate inputs, topographic constraints and glacier response in calving glacier systems.
Controversies in the Adjuvant Therapy of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Hsiao Sheng-Mou , Wei Lin-Hung
Published: September 2011

Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Surgical treatment includes hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and an appropriate staging procedure. Relapse of endometrial cancer may occur in patients with high risk factors, such as old age, grade 3 cancer, deep myometrial invasion, and papillary serous and clear cell types. In recent years, several randomized trials reported the results of adjuvant therapy for patients with high risk factors. Nonetheless, some controversies still exist. This paper presents and discusses the results of important randomized trials of adjuvant therapy for endometrial cancer with risk factors.
Short-Term Plant Community Responses to Warming and Defoliation in a Northern Temperate Grassland
Authors: Deutsch Eliza S. , Bork Edward W. , Cahill James F. , Chang Scott X.
Published: September 2011

Little is known about the short-term impacts of warming on native plant community dynamics in the northern Canadian prairies. This study examined the immediate effects of elevated temperature and defoliation on plant community diversity, composition, and biomass within a native rough fescue (Festuca hallii(Vasey) Piper) grassland over two growing seasons. We used open-top chambers to simulate climate change and defoliated vegetation in midsummer of the first year to simulate biomass loss associated with periodic ungulate grazing. Warming marginally increased plant species diversity and changed community composition shortly after treatment, but effects were not apparent the second year, and there were no apparent impacts on plant biomass. Nonetheless, warming may have impacted community diversity indirectly through reduced soil moisture content, a pattern that persisted into the second year. Overall, this northern temperate grassland demonstrated limited community-level changes to warming even in the presence of defoliation.
3D Crack‐tip Microscopy: Illuminating Micro‐Scale Effects on Crack‐Tip Behavior
Authors: Withers Philip J.
Published: September 2011

Traditionally the driving force for crack growth is described in terms of global parameters which, for continua, nevertheless reflect the local conditions at the crack‐tip. Mimicking nature, materials microstructures are now being designed at the microscale, or even the nanoscale, employing interfaces and heterogeneities to shield the propagating crack for improved resistance to sub‐critical crack growth. In such cases global approaches simply will not do. Information is needed about intrinsic damage occurring ahead, and extrinsic shielding mechanisms behind, the crack. Here, high resolution X‐ray imaging and diffraction modes analogous to those in 2D electron microscopy are combined to form a 3D “crack‐tip microscope”. In this way one can quantify the effect of microstructural scale events on the crack‐tip environment. The technique is applied to study overload phenomena under fatigue, to characterize the bridging ligaments under stress corrosion cracking and fiber bridging during fatigue of a metal matrix composite. Besides identifying shielding mechanisms, it provides three methods for calculating the effective stress intensity at the crack tip; namely from the near tip stress field, from crack face tractions and from crack opening displacements. The wider opportunities opened up by this approach to study self‐healing, transformation toughening and other microstructural toughening mechanisms are also discussed.
Atomic Switch: Atom/Ion Movement Controlled Devices for Beyond Von‐Neumann Computers
Authors: Hasegawa Tsuyoshi , Terabe Kazuya , Tsuruoka Tohru , Aono Masakazu
Published: September 2011

An atomic switch is a nanoionic device that controls the diffusion of metal ions/atoms and their reduction/oxidation processes in the switching operation to form/annihilate a conductive path. Since metal atoms can provide a highly conductive channel even if their cluster size is in the nanometer scale, atomic switches may enable downscaling to smaller than the 11 nm technology node, which is a great challenge for semiconductor devices. Atomic switches also possess novel characteristics, such as high on/off ratios, very low power consumption and non‐volatility. The unique operating mechanisms of these devices have enabled the development of various types of atomic switch, such as gap‐type and gapless‐type two‐terminal atomic switches and three‐terminal atomic switches. Novel functions, such as selective volatile/nonvolatile, synaptic, memristive, and photo‐assisted operations have been demonstrated. Such atomic switch characteristics can not only improve the performance of present‐day electronic systems, but also enable development of new types of electronic systems, such as beyond von‐ Neumann computers.
Brønsted Acid‐Promoted Sequential Hydroarylation– Hydroamidation of Arene‐Tethered 1‐(2‐Alkynylphenyl)ureas: Direct Access to 4,4‐Spiro‐3,4‐dihydro‐2‐(1H)‐quinazolinones
Authors: Wang Honggen , Zhao Jiaji , Zhang Jiancun , Zhu Qiang
Published: September 2011

A Brønsted acid‐promoted approach to 4,4‐sipro‐3,4‐dihydro‐2‐(1H)‐quinazolinones from arene‐tethered 1‐(2‐alkynylphenyl)ureas has been developed. The reaction is initiated by intramolecular hydroarylation followed by hydroamidation, assisted by intramolecular proton transfer from the protonated urea moiety. A variety of tethering atoms, including carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and protected nitrogen are compatible with the reaction conditions.
Konjugierte Makrocyclen: Konzepte und Anwendungen
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko , Yamakawa Jun , Rahman M. Jalilur
Published: September 2011

Eines der wichtigsten Ziele in den Materialwissenschaften, der Chemie und der Physik ist die Herstellung von großen konjugierten Makrocyclen genau definierter Form, da solche Moleküle nicht nur theoretisch und experimentell interessant sind, sondern auch potenzielle Anwendungen in der Nanotechnologie haben. Vollständig ungesättigte Makrocyclen werden als Modelle für vollständig konjugierte π‐Systeme mit Hohlräumen herangezogen. Solche konjugierten π‐Systeme zeigen aufgrund ihrer cyclischen Konjugation ein ungewöhnliches optisches und magnetisches Verhalten. Makrocyclen haben nach innen und nach außen gerichtete Bindungsstellen, und eine positionsspezifische Substitution an beiden oder nur einer der beiden Bindungsstellen kann attraktive Strukturen zugänglich machen. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind ein‐, zwei‐ und dreidimensionale supramolekulare Nanostrukturen. Um die Bildung dieser Strukturen kontrollieren zu können, bietet sich die Bottom‐Up‐Synthese ausgehend von π‐expandierten Makrocyclen an. Zahlreiche formstabile π‐konjugierte Makrocyclen wurden synthetisiert, davon aber nur eine begrenzte Zahl an nanoskaligen Vertretern. In diesem Aufsatz konzentrieren wir uns auf nanometergroße π‐konjugierte Makrocyclen (>1 nm Durchmesser) sowie Riesenmakrocyclen (>2 nm Durchmesser) und fassen deren Synthesen und Eigenschaften zusammen.
Die CO‐Oxidation als Modellreaktion für heterogene Prozesse
Authors: Freund Hans‐Joachim , Meijer Gerard , Scheffler Matthias , Schlögl Robert , Wolf Martin
Published: September 2011

Die CO‐Oxidation, obwohl eine scheinbar einfache chemische Reaktion, dient als ein Modell, welches die Vielfalt und Attraktivität der heterogenen Katalyse offenbart. Das Fritz‐Haber‐Institut ist ein Ort, an dem ein multidisziplinärer Forschungsansatz zum Studium einer solchen heterogenen Reaktion innerhalb eines Instituts entwickelt und umgesetzt werden kann. Dabei ist die Forschung am Institut primär durch Neugier getrieben, was sich auch in den fünf Abschnitten dieses Aufsatzes widerspiegelt. Wir nutzen dabei mikroskopische Konzepte, um die Wechselwirkung einfacher Moleküle mit wohldefinierten Materialien wie Clustern in der Gasphase oder festen Oberflächen zu untersuchen. Dieser Ansatz erfordert nicht selten die Entwicklung von neuen Methoden, Werkzeugen und Materialien zur Verifizierung dieser Konzepte, und dies ermöglicht eine methodologisch solide, breit aufgestellte Herangehensweise als ein Markenzeichen des Instituts.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel (Thio)Urea Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents
Authors: Jin Chuanfei , Liang Yong‐Ju , He Hongwu , Fu Liwu
Published: September 2011

A series of novel (thio)ureas containing the pyrimidinyl group was designed and synthesized. Their in‐vitro antitumor activity against different human tumor cells was examined. Some of the compounds showed potential antitumor activity, which provided some hints for further studies on structure modification.
Synthesis of New Pyrroles of Potential Anti‐Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Mohamed Mosaad S. , Kamel Rehab , Fathallah Samar S.
Published: September 2011

We herein disclose a series of novel pyrrole derivatives 1–4 and pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives 6–11 as novel potent anti‐inflammatory compounds. The structures were confirmed by IR, 1H‐NMR, and MS. Some newly synthesized compounds were examined for their in‐vivo anti‐inflammatory activity. Several derivatives showed a promising anti‐inflammatory activity compared to ibuprofen. In this paper, we examine and discuss the structure–activity relationships and anti‐inflammatory activities of these compounds.
Holographic Investigations of Azobenzene‐Containing Low‐Molecular‐Weight Compounds in Pure Materials and Binary Blends with Polystyrene
Authors: Audorff Hubert , Walker Roland , Kador Lothar , Schmidt Hans‐Werner
Published: September 2011

This paper reports on the synthesis and the thermal and optical properties of photochromic low‐molecular‐weight compounds, especially with respect to the formation of holographic volume gratings in the pure materials and in binary blends with polystyrene. Its aim is to provide a basic understanding of the holographic response with regard to the molecular structure, and thus to show a way to obtain suitable rewritable materials with high sensitivity for holographic data storage. The photoactive low‐molecular‐weight compounds consist of a central core with three or four azobenzene‐based arms attached through esterification. Four different cores were investigated that influence the glass transition temperature and the glass‐forming properties. Additional structural variations were introduced by the polar terminal substituent at the azobenzene chromophore to fine‐tune the optical properties and the holographic response. Films of the neat compounds were investigated in holographic experiments, especially with regard to the material sensitivity. In binary blends of the low‐molecular‐weight compounds with polystyrene, the influence of a polymer matrix on the behavior in holographic experiments was studied. The most promising material combination was also investigated at elevated temperatures, at which the holographic recording sensitivity is even higher.
ChemInform Abstract: Evaluation of Tavorite‐Structured Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using High‐Throughput Computing.
Authors: Mueller Tim , Hautier Geoffroy , Jain Anubhav , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: September 2011

Tavorite‐structured oxyphosphates, fluorophosphates, oxysulfates, and fluorosulfates are evaluated for use as cathode materials in lithium ion batteries and activation energies for lithium diffusion through LiVO(PO4), LiV(PO4)F, and LiFe(SO4)F are calculated.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Vibrational Studies of Sr2[W(CN)8]·10H2O.
Authors: Daszkiewicz Marek , Marchewka Mariusz K. , Typilo Iryna , Gulay Lubomir D. , Semenyshyn Dariya
Published: September 2011

The title compound is characterized by single crystal XRD, FTIR, and FT‐Raman spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Modeling Study of Li Ion Diffusion and Microstructure of LiFePO4.
Authors: Zhang Peixin , Zhang Dongyun , Yuan Qiuhua , Ren Xiangzhong , Golden Teresa D.
Published: September 2011

The relationship between the intrinsic structure and transport properties of lithium ions in LiFePO4 cathode materials is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrical Conductivity and Molten Salt Corrosion Behavior of Spinel Nickel Ferrite.
Authors: Liu Baogang , Zhang Lei , Zhou Kechao , Li Zhiyou , Wang Hao
Published: September 2011

NiFe2O4 as inert anode for aluminum electrolysis is prepared by solid state reaction of NiO and Fe2O3 at 1200 °C (air, 6 h) followed by sintering at 1300 °C for 4 h in air or nitrogen atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Dielectric Investigations of MIIMIV(PO4)2 Double Orthophosphates (MII: Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb; MIV: Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn).
Authors: Tudorache Florin , Popa Karin , Mitoseriu Liliana , Lupu Nicoleta , Bregiroux Damien , Wallez Gilles
Published: September 2011

The basic electrical properties of the title ceramics, prepared by the solid state reaction method and consolidated by spark plasma sintering, are determined by impedance spectroscopy at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of New Phases in the Cubic M3Te2O6X2 (M: Sr, Ba; X: Cl, Br) Structure Family.
Authors: Stoeger Berthold , Weil Matthias , Silich Konstantin A. , Olenev Andrey V. , Berdonosov Peter S. , Dolgikh Valery A.
Published: September 2011

Sr3Te2O6X2 (X: Cl, Br) are synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of SrO, SrX2, andTeO2 at 660 °C (5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bi3NbO7 Nanoparticles with a Hollow Structure and Their Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light.
Authors: Fang Jingrui , Ma Junfeng , Sun Yong , Liu Zhensen , Gao Chang
Published: September 2011

A precursor for Bi3NbO7 is precipitated by addition of KOH to an aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Behavior in Solution of the Dawson Thio Derivative [(P2W17O61)2 (H4Mo4S4O6)]16‐.
Authors: Pilette Marie‐Anne , Floquet Sebastien , Marrot Jerome , Cadot Emmanuel
Published: September 2011

Hydrolysis of (NMe4)xK2‐x [I2Mo10S10O10(OH)10 (H2O)5] with 0.3 M aq.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Iron(II) Hydroxyphosphate Containing Linear Ammonium Chloride Chains: (NH4Cl)Fe14(OH)6 (PO4)6(HPO4)2.
Authors: Guesdon A. , Adam L. , Raveau B.
Published: September 2011

The title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of FeCl2, Fe2O3, (NH4)2HPO4 in the molar ratio 2.5:1.25:4 (autoclave, 220 °C, 28 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation and Physical Properties of a Novel Compound Yb3Pt23Si11.
Authors: Kaczorowski D. , Gribanov A. , Safronov S. , Rogl P. , Seropegin Y.
Published: September 2011

The title compound is prepared by arc melting of the elements and characterized by powder XRD and magnetic, electrical resistivity, and heat capacity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Diisopropyl L‐Malate as a New Chiral Auxiliary for Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of α‐Bromo Esters and Asymmetric Syntheses of Aminoflavones and Dihydroquinoxalinones.
Authors: Kang Kyoung Hee , Jang Jung In , Baek Seung Bin , Ahn Jung Hee , Park Yong Sun
Published: September 2011

The presented method provides a general procedure for the asymmetric syntheses of various N‐aryl (R)‐amino acid derivatives and for the asymmetric syntheses of dihydroquinoxalinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Monobromination of 1,3‐Diones with N‐Bromosaccharin/Mg(ClO4)2 System in Solution and under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Alinezhad Heshmatollah , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Tehrani Shahram Shahriari
Published: September 2011

An effective and regioselective synthesis of the compounds (II) and (IV) is presented by using an easily prepared reagent from commercial available sodium saccharin.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Transformation of 2‐Propyn‐1‐ol Tetrahydropyranyl Ether in Reaction with BuLi.
Authors: Egorov V. A. , Gimalova F. A. , Miftakhov M. S.
Published: September 2011

In an attempt to prepare the lithium derivative of ether (I), acetylene derivative (II) is formed unexpectedly.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Domino Double Michael Reaction of Ethyl (E)‐7‐Oxohept‐2‐enoate and α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes: Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclohexanes with Four Contiguous Stereocenters.
Authors: Hong Bor‐Cherng , Sadani Amit A. , Nimje Roshan Y. , Dange Nitin S. , Lee Gene‐Hsiang
Published: September 2011

The catalyst system SPR/acetic acid is highly efficient for the formation of enantiopure single isomers of the desired cyclohexanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct One‐Pot Reductive N‐Alkylation of Nitroarenes by Using Alcohols with Supported Gold Catalysts.
Authors: Tang Chun‐Hong , He Lin , Liu Yong‐Mei , Cao Yong , He He‐Yong , Fan Kang‐Nian
Published: September 2011

The process, which uses a hydrogen‐borrowing strategy, is efficiently promoted by a gold catalyst system (nanoparticles of ca.1.8 nm).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoconvergent Amine‐Directed Alkyl—Alkyl Suzuki Reactions of Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Chlorides.
Authors: Lu Zhe , Wilsily Ashraf , Fu Gregory C.
Published: September 2011

The reaction is a complement of previous reports concerning enantioselective alkyl—alkyl Suzuki couplings directed by carbon‐ and oxygen‐based functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)/Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Allylic Amination of Alkenes.
Authors: Srivastava Radhey S. , Bertrand Roy III , Gallo August A. , Nicholas Kenneth M.
Published: September 2011

Unsymmetrical olefins react highly regioselectively with phenyl hydroxylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of an N‐Sulfinyl Prolinamide for the Asymmetric Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Robak MaryAnn T. , Herbage Melissa A. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: September 2011

Among 6 derivatives, which incorporate an N‐sulfinyl prolinamide moiety to serve as a hydrogen bond donor, chiral directing group, and solubilizing element, SPA efficiently catalyzes the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Commercially Available Neat Organozincs as Highly Reactive Reagents for Catalytic Enantioselective Addition to Ketones and Aldehydes under Solvent Free Conditions.
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Mizuno Tomokazu , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: September 2011

The asymmetric addition of neat or highly concentrated organozinc reagents to ketones and aldehydes does not require the use of Ti(OiPr)4 as an activator and provides the corresponding alcohols in high yields and e.e.′s.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution as a Key Step in the Enantioselective Synthesis of (S)‐Salbutamol.
Authors: Traeff Annika , Solarte Carmen E. , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: September 2011

Chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution is the key step in the enantioselective synthesis of (S)‐salbutamol (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Tf2O‐Mediated Direct and Regiospecific para‐Acylation of Phenols with Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Khodaei M. M. , Nazari E.
Published: September 2011

A simple, mild, and convenient method for the synthesis of the compounds (III), (V), and (VII) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Alkynylation of Aldehydes with Propiolates Without High Reagent Loading and any Additives.
Authors: Kojima Naoto , Nishijima Shogo , Tsuge Kaoru , Tanaka Tetsuaki
Published: September 2011

A novel prolinol catalyst is used for the asymmetric alkynylation of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with propiolates mediated by dialkylzinc.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Cyanoesters.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Miller John R. , Hoffman Christopher M. Jr.
Published: September 2011

The reaction generates functionalized cyanoesters in excellent yield and regioselectivity (only the branched isomer is formed).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Carboxylic Esters from 2‐Methyl‐4,6‐pyrimidyl Dicarbonates and Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Lee Jae In
Published: September 2011

A clean synthesis leads to the thermally stable compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetrical Double Allylations of Sodium Sulfide: A Fast and Economic Way to Construct Chiral C2‐Symmetric Bis(1‐Substituted‐allyl)sulfane.
Authors: Zheng Shengcai , Huang Weiqing , Gao Ning , Cui Ruimin , Zhang Min , Zhao Xiaoming
Published: September 2011

The highly regio‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselective Ir‐catalyzed double allylation of sodium sulfide hydrate with a variety of allyl methyl carbonates (I) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Activation of Alkyne and Thioamide Functionalities; Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Terminal Alkynes to α,β‐Unsaturated Thioamides.
Authors: Yazaki Ryo , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: September 2011

Key feature of the title conjugate addition reaction is the cooperative activation of both the alkyne and the thioamide by a combined soft Lewis acid—hard Broensted base catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrimidine N‐Oxide Mediated Oxidation of Diarylalkynes with Palladium on Carbon.
Authors: Sawama Yoshinari , Takubo Masato , Mori Shigeki , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: September 2011

The O2/DMSO‐free reaction is an easy‐to‐handle, safe, and practical method for oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: First Friedel—Crafts Reaction of the Baylis—Hillman Adducts Derived from Nitroolefins: Application Towards Synthesis of Pyrrolidines and Spiropyrrolidines.
Authors: Bakthadoss Manickam , Sivakumar Nagappan
Published: September 2011

A simple protocol is developed for the preparation of diarylpropenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of 9‐Fluorenones from 9H‐Fluorenes by Air Oxidation.
Authors: Zhang Xin , Ji Xuan , Jiang Shanshan , Liu Lili , Weeks Brandon L. , Zhang Zhao
Published: September 2011

The reaction is carried out under environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Bifunctional Allyldisilane as a Triple Allylation Reagent in the Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Malkov Andrei V. , Kysilka Ondrej , Edgar Mark , Kadlcikova Aneta , Kotora Martin , Kocovsky Pavel
Published: September 2011

The bifunctional allyldisilane (II) undergoes a two‐step triple allylation sequence with two aldehydes to give all‐cis trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Phenylazo Derivatives of Condensed and Uncondensed Thiophene. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Studies.
Authors: Gaber Hatem M. , Bagley Mark C. , Sherif Sherif M. , Sayed Mohsen A.
Published: September 2011

With a view to find new therapeutic agents against microbial infections, two novel series of tricyclic and monocyclic 5‐(phenylazo)thiophene systems are synthesized starting from 3‐amino‐2‐thioxopyrimidinone (III) and 2‐cyanoacetamidothiophene (XII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Pyrene Derivatives for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors.
Authors: Zoephel Lukas , Beckmann Dirk , Enkelmann Volker , Chercka Dennis , Rieger Ralph , Muellen Klaus
Published: September 2011

For the synthesis of an ortho‐dithienylpyrene (VI) a K‐region bromination of pyrene (I) is developed which allows the non‐statistical asymmetric functionalization of pyrene at the 4,5,9 and 10 positions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Carbonylation of Unactivated C(sp3)—H Bonds by Ruthenium Carbonyl.
Authors: Hasegawa Nao , Charra Valentine , Inoue Satoshi , Fukumoto Yoshiya , Chatani Naoto
Published: September 2011

The reaction proceeds selectively at a methyl C—H bond over a methylene C—H bond.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Method for the Synthesis of 2‐(3‐Aryl‐2‐cyanopropenoyl)‐1‐methylpyrrole Catalyzed by KF/Al2O3 with Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Feng Guo‐Liang , Zhang Hong‐Li , Geng Li‐Jun , Zhang Yu‐Mei
Published: September 2011

The title compounds (III) are efficiently synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation of 2‐cyanoacetylpyrrole (I) with various aromatic aldehydes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Approach to 2,3‐Disubstituted Indolines Through Consecutive Broensted Acid/Pd‐Complex‐Promoted Tandem Reactions.
Authors: Duan Ying , Chen Mu‐Wang , Ye Zhi‐Shi , Wang Duo‐Sheng , Chen Qing‐An , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: September 2011

The enantioselective approach to 2,3‐disubstituted indolines from simple 2‐substituted indoles and aldehydes in one operation is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of Hydrazones to Pyrazolidinones.
Authors: Dos Santos Aurelie , El Kaim Laurent , Grimaud Laurence , Ronsseray Caroline
Published: September 2011

Cascade [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition/oxidation reactions of N‐aryl hydrazones lead to the various bicyclic pyrazolidinones with moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Arylation of Benzoazoles with Aryl Bromides by a Practical Palladium‐Copper Cocatalytic System.
Authors: Yan Xue‐Ming , Mao Xue‐Rong , Huang Zhi‐Zhen
Published: September 2011

The new protocol allows for the efficient arylation of benzooxazoles, ‐thiazoles and ‐imidazoles (I) with various aryl bromides (II) as coupling partners.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N′‐Dioxide‐nickel(II) Complex Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cyclic 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Dong Zhenhua , Feng Juhua , Cao Weidi , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: September 2011

The method is successfully applied to the preparation of various optically active analogues of warfarin.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation of Olefins. Scope Evaluation and Preliminary Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Jean Mickael , van de Weghe Pierre
Published: September 2011

Various olefinic substrates undergo intramolecular hydroarylation to produce the expected ring systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Green Emitting Coumarin Bioconjugate for the Selective Determination of Flu Antigen.
Authors: Bhusal Ram Prasad , Cho Pyo Yun , Kim Soon‐Ai , Park Hyun , Kim Hak Sung
Published: September 2011

The fluorescent compound (VI) can be used for the detection of Swine flu virus antigen with selectivity and specificity.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐2H‐chromene‐4‐carbonitriles via a Tandem O‐Alkylation‐Knoevenagel Condensation.
Authors: Chen Yanhong , Xiang Haoyue , Xie Yuyuan , Yang Chunhao
Published: September 2011

A new method for the synthesis of 4‐cyano‐substituted 2H‐chromenes under metal‐free conditions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Three‐Component Reactions: Synthesis, Regioselectivity and Application of Functionalized Dihydropyridines (DHPs) for the Creation of Fused Naphthyridines.
Authors: Khan Abu T. , Khan Md. Musawwer
Published: September 2011

Three component reaction affords dihydropyridines whose regioselectivity increases when TfOH is used instead of TFA.