bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climatological and ultraviolet‐based habitability of possible exomoons in F‐star systems
Authors: Sato S. , Wang Zh. , Cuntz M.
Published: March 2017

Background

The identification of conditions suitable for life is considered a key element of modern‐day astronomy, astrophysics, and astrobiology. This research encompasses the environments of stars of different spectral types and evolutionary status. In this article, we focus on the possibility of habitable moons in selected F‐star systems.

Materials and Methods

We explore the astrobiological significance of F‐type stars of spectral type between F5 V and F9.5 V, which possess Jupiter‐type planets within or close to their climatological habitable zones. These planets, or at least a subset of those, may also possess rocky exomoons, which potentially offer habitable environments. Our work considers eight selected systems. The Jupiter‐type planets in these systems are in notably differing orbits with eccentricities between 0.08 (about Mars) and 0.72. We consider the stellar UV environments provided by the photospheric stellar radiation, which allows us to compute the UV habitable zones for the systems. Following previous studies, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is taken as a proxy for carbon‐based macromolecules following the paradigm that extraterrestrial biology might be based on hydrocarbons.

Results

We found that the damage inflicted on DNA is notably different for the range of systems studied, and also varies according to the orbit of the Jupiter‐type planet, especially for systems of high ellipticity, as expected. Furthermore, the UV levels in the CLI‐HZs of the F‐type stars are generally more severe than for the solar environment, except for regions beyond the outer limits of the general habitable zones. Particular emphasis was placed on locations akin to Earth‐equivalent (i.e., homeothermic) positions in the Solar System. The general conditions of habitability in F‐star systems are also affected by the rapidness of stellar evolution; nonetheless, based on previous research on the origin of life on Earth, a generally favorable assessment about the overall possibility of life around F‐type stars can be conveyed. For some systems studied here, excessive values of damage are attained if compared to today's Earth or during the Archean eon.

Conclusion

Considering that the detection of exomoons around different types of stars will remain challenging in the foreseeable future, we view our work also as an example and template for investigating the combined requirements of climatological and UV‐based habitability for exosolar objects. Further studies for systems of stars with other spectral types and/or other evolutionary status will be considered as part of our future research.
Heterogeneous treatment effects in stratified clinical trials with time‐to‐event endpoints
Authors: Beisel Christina , Benner Axel , Kunz Christina , Kopp‐Schneider Annette
Published: March 2017

When analyzing clinical trials with a stratified population, homogeneity of treatment effects is a common assumption in survival analysis. However, in the context of recent developments in clinical trial design, which aim to test multiple targeted therapies in corresponding subpopulations simultaneously, the assumption that there is no treatment‐by‐stratum interaction seems inappropriate. It becomes an issue if the expected sample size of the strata makes it unfeasible to analyze the trial arms individually. Alternatively, one might choose as primary aim to prove efficacy of the overall (targeted) treatment strategy. When testing for the overall treatment effect, a violation of the no‐interaction assumption renders it necessary to deviate from standard methods that rely on this assumption. We investigate the performance of different methods for sample size calculation and data analysis under heterogeneous treatment effects. The commonly used sample size formula by Schoenfeld is compared to another formula by Lachin and Foulkes, and to an extension of Schoenfeld's formula allowing for stratification. Beyond the widely used (stratified) Cox model, we explore the lognormal shared frailty model, and a two‐step analysis approach as potential alternatives that attempt to adjust for interstrata heterogeneity. We carry out a simulation study for a trial with three strata and violations of the no‐interaction assumption. The extension of Schoenfeld's formula to heterogeneous strata effects provides the most reliable sample size with respect to desired versus actual power. The two‐step analysis and frailty model prove to be more robust against loss of power caused by heterogeneous treatment effects than the stratified Cox model and should be preferred in such situations.
SIG/MET: METRICS 2016: Workshop on Informetric and Scientometric Research
Authors: Paul‐Hus Adèle , Archambault Antoine
Published: March 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

ASIS&T SIG/MET held the METRICS 2016 workshop on October 14, 2016, in Copenhagen, Denmark. Topics covered during the workshop include informetrics, information retrieval, bibliometrics and scientometrics, especially as they apply to evaluation of individuals and scholarly work. Nine presentations were given at the full‐day workshop, as well as seven posters, three of which were open posters. The end of the event included presentation of the Best Student Paper award, a staple in the METRICS workshop, and the prize winners were invited to discuss their papers at the event. The SIG/MET Best Paper Award sponsored by Altmetric.com and Digital Science was awarded to Dangzhi Zhao and Lucinda Johnson for their case study To What Degree Are Uni‐citations Perfunctory? A Case Study.
Text and Data Mining Meets the Pharmaceutical Industry: Markus Bundschus Speaks
Authors: Hardin Steve
Published: March 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

Text and data mining have proven to greatly impact the world of biomedical research, especially for Roche Diagnostics in Penzberg, Germany. Taking information from such sources as patient literature, genomic cancer samples and PubMed articles, researchers at Roche Diagnostics are able to structure the data in a way that lends itself to creating personalized healthcare. Text mining used to build structured databases tends to yield the most relevant information for biomedical research, so Roche uses unstructured data to build a knowledge base automatically. This knowledge base, the disease marker association database, offers search capabilities for full text, abstracts or curated data. The database is made up of 50‐million scientific abstracts and leans on rule‐based engines as well as machine learning engines. By combining information from patient care, diagnoses and treatment, the healthcare industry can see a shift to digitization and more efficient care.
Tomato Tomahto: European Perspectives on Information Science
Authors: Warner Julian , Ibekwe‐SanJuan Fidelia , Peters Isabella , Lund Niels Windfeld , Buckland Michael
Published: March 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

During a panel at the ASIS&T 2016 Annual Meeting in Copenhagen, attendees discussed European perspectives on the world of information science. The presentations and discussions took European contributions and views on information science and contrasted them with those of the United States. Niels Lund discussed the Nordic Library and Information Science (LIS) and the impact LIS had on education in Denmark starting in the 1980s. Julian Warner talked about the invention of the telegraph and differing opinions on intellectual property in databases between the United States and Europe. Fidelia Ibekwe‐SanJuan highlighted the development of information science in continental Europe and talked about coining terminology to better unify information standards across Europe. Michael Buckland discussed the history of documentation and neo‐documentalism and the European influences in that field. Isabella Peters closed the presentations with a sample of opinions on information science from the European Chapter of ASIS&T.
James M. Cretsos Leadership Award: Start Small and Keep Building: Experiences in and Advice for Serving ASIS&T
Authors: Worrall Adam
Published: March 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

Adam Worrall, winner of the James M. Cretsos Leadership Award, shares his journey with ASIS&T and offers advice for new members looking to get more involved with the Association. He encourages new members to attend the ASIS&T Annual Meetings, and in particular the leadership workshop, to find new roles for which the Association may need volunteers. Adam also recommends networking with other people at any ASIS&T meeting to find colleagues or people with common interests that may have interesting insights on the Association or information science in general. He talks about finding a scholarly home and thinks ASIS&T is a great potential home for many people in the field of information science. Adam encourages new members to start small by volunteering where they can and keep building on that by finding new areas of interest.
Understanding Community Colleges in the Indian Context
Authors: Gross Jillian L.
Published: March 2017

This chapter describes the multifaceted history and future trajectory of community colleges in India and considers implications for policy and practice.
Efficient and Selective Hydrosilylation of Secondary and Tertiary Amides Catalyzed by an Iridium(III) Metallacycle: Development and Mechanistic Investigation
Authors: Corre Yann , Trivelli Xavier , Capet Frédéric , Djukic Jean‐Pierre , Agbossou‐Niedercorn Francine , Michon Christophe
Published: March 2017

Readily accessible cationic IrIII metallacycles catalyze efficiently the chemoselective hydrosilylation of tertiary and secondary amides to amines. The catalyst described herein operates at low loadings using inexpensive 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane and allows fast reactions with high yields, selectivities, and turnover numbers. A transient iminium intermediate has been observed for the first time by using mass spectrometry, and the activation of the catalyst and the silane reagent have been studied by using DFT calculations. These fundamental insights support the present and future improvements of IrIII metallacycles through proper ligand modifications and enable further broad applications of catalysts based on metallacycles.
Mass Transfer Characteristics in a Rotor‐Stator Reactor
Authors: Zhao Zemeng , Zhang Xiu , Li Guangjun , Chu Guangwen , Sun Baochang , Zou Haikui , Arowo Moses , Shao Lei
Published: March 2017

Mass transfer characteristics in a rotor‐stator reactor in terms of the overall volumetric mass‐transfer coefficient (Kxa) using the N2‐H2O‐O2 system were investigated. The effects of various operating parameters including rotation speed, liquid volumetric flow rate, and gas volumetric flow rate on Kxa were systematically examined, and a gas‐liquid mass transfer model was established to predict Kxa. Results reveal that Kxa increased with higher rotation speed, liquid volumetric flow rate, and gas volumetric flow rate. The results also confirm that the predicted values of Kxa were in agreement with the experimental values with deviation within 15 %. The results contribute to a better understanding of mass transfer characteristics in rotor‐stator reactors.
Self‐Supported CoP Nanorod Arrays Grafted on Stainless Steel as an Advanced Integrated Anode for Stable and Long‐Life Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Xijun , Liu Jun , Hu Renzong , Liu Jiangwen , Ouyang Liuzhang , Zhu Min
Published: March 2017

To alleviate the capacity degradation of anode materials for Li‐ion batteries, caused by serious volume expansion and particle aggregation, intensive attention has been devoted to the rational design and fabrication of novel anode architectures. Herein, self‐supported CoP nanorod arrays have been facilely synthesized using hydrothemally deposited Co(CO3)0.5(OH)⋅0.11 H2O nanorod arrays as the precursor, through a gas‐phase phosphidation method. As the anode for Li‐ion batteries, such 3D interconnected CoP nanorod arrays show an initial discharge capacity of 1067 mAh g−1 and a high reversible charge capacity of 737 mAh g−1 at 0.4 Ag−1. After 400 cycles, their specific capacity can reach 510 mAh g−1; even after 900 cycles, they can still deliver a specific capacity of 390 mAh g−1. CoP//LiCoO2 full‐cells also exhibit a high reversible capacity of 400 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. These unique 3D interconnected CoP nanorod arrays also show ultrastable cycling performance over 500 cycles when used as the anode in a Na‐ion battery.
Template‐Mediated Stabilization of a DNA G‐Quadruplex formed in the HIV‐1 Promoter and Comparative Binding Studies
Authors: Bonnat Laureen , Bar Laure , Génnaro Béatrice , Bonnet Hugues , Jarjayes Olivier , Thomas Fabrice , Dejeu Jérôme , Defrancq Eric , Lavergne Thomas
Published: March 2017

G‐rich DNA oligonucleotides derived from the promoter region of the HIV‐1 long terminal repeat (LTR) were assembled onto an addressable cyclopeptide platform through sequential oxime ligation, a thiol‐iodoacetamide SN2 reaction, and copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The resulting conjugate was shown to fold into a highly stable antiparallel G4 architecture as demonstrated by UV, circular dichroism (CD), and NMR spectroscopic analysis. The binding affinities of six state‐of‐the‐art G4‐binding ligands toward the HIV‐G4 structure were compared to those obtained with a telomeric G4 structure and a hairpin structure. Surface plasmon resonance binding analysis provides new insights into the binding mode of broadly exploited G4 chemical probes and further suggests that potent and selective recognition of viral G4 structures of functional significance might be achieved.
Site‐Selective Modification of Proteins with Oxetanes
Authors: Boutureira Omar , Martínez‐Sáez Nuria , Brindle Kevin M. , Neves André A. , Corzana Francisco , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L.
Published: March 2017

Oxetanes are four‐membered ring oxygen heterocycles that are advantageously used in medicinal chemistry as modulators of physicochemical properties of small molecules. Herein, we present a simple method for the incorporation of oxetanes into proteins through chemoselective alkylation of cysteine. We demonstrate a broad substrate scope by reacting proteins used as apoptotic markers and in drug formulation, and a therapeutic antibody with a series of 3‐oxetane bromides, enabling the identification of novel handles (S‐to‐S/N rigid, non‐aromatic, and soluble linker) and reactivity modes (temporary cysteine protecting group), while maintaining their intrinsic activity. The possibility to conjugate oxetane motifs into full‐length proteins has potential to identify novel drug candidates as the next‐generation of peptide/protein therapeutics with improved physicochemical and biological properties.
A Case Study on the Influence of Substitutes on Interlayer Stacking of 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Fan Yu , Wen Qiang , Zhan Tian‐Guang , Qi Qiao‐Yan , Xu Jia‐Qiang , Zhao Xin
Published: March 2017

Interlayer stacking of 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) plays a crucial role in determining not only the geometry of channels inside COFs but also the mobility of carrier transport between COF layers. However, though topological structures of 2D COFs monolayers can be precisely predicted through the structures of building blocks, factors affecting their interlayer stacking remain poorly understood. In this work, a truxene‐based building block on which six methyl groups are introduced was designed. The condensation of it with 1,4‐diaminobenzene or benzidine afforded 2D COFs with the methyl groups extending out‐of‐plane of the layers. A significant influence of the methyl groups on interlayer stacking of the COFs was revealed by the adoption of inclined packing of monolayers, which has never been experimentally observed before. This unprecedented stacking manner was confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction analysis, pore‐size distribution analysis, and TEM investigation.
A Mild and Regiospecific Synthesis of Pyrazoleboranes
Authors: Brown Andrew W. , Comas‐Barceló Júlia , Harrity Joseph P. A.
Published: March 2017

Alkynylboranes show unprecedented reactivity in their [4+2] cycloaddition of sydnones offering access to fully substituted pyrazoles within a few hours at room temperature. This method delivers synthetically valuable pyrazoleboranes with complete control of regioselectivity, and these intermediates can be further elaborated through functionalization of the C−B bond.
Large scale preparation of microbubbles by multi‐channel ceramic membranes: Hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics
Authors: Han Yang , Liu Yefei , Jiang Hong , Xing Weihong , Chen Rizhi
Published: March 2017

Microbubbles have potential applications in chemical engineering, water treatment, and medicine. By designing multi‐channel ceramic membrane distributors, large scale preparation of microbubbles is achieved in a co‐current bubble column. Oxygen and water are used as interacting gas‐liquid phases. Gas holdup, bubble size distribution, and mass transfer rate are influenced by the membrane pore size, superficial gas velocity, and cross flow velocity. The empirical correlations for gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient are formulated and good agreement with experimental data is obtained. The multi‐channel ceramic membranes can successfully produce a lot of microbubbles, resulting in larger values of gas holdup, volumetric mass transfer coefficient, and equilibrium dissolved oxygen concentrations as compared to the conventional gas sparger. These findings will aid the development of gas‐liquid reactors with high performances.
Dietary isoflavone intake and all‐cause mortality in breast cancer survivors: The Breast Cancer Family Registry
Authors: Zhang Fang Fang , Haslam Danielle E. , Terry Mary Beth , Knight Julia A. , Andrulis Irene L. , Daly Mary B. , Buys Saundra S. , John Esther M.
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

Soy foods possess both antiestrogenic and estrogen‐like properties. It remains controversial whether women diagnosed with breast cancer should be advised to eat more or less soy foods, especially for those who receive hormone therapies as part of cancer treatment.

METHODS

The association of dietary intake of isoflavone, the major phytoestrogen in soy, with all‐cause mortality was examined in 6235 women with breast cancer enrolled in the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire developed for the Hawaii‐Los Angeles Multiethnic Cohort among 5178 women who reported prediagnosis diet and 1664 women who reported postdiagnosis diet. Cox proportional‐hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS

During a median follow‐up of 113 months (approximately 9.4 years), 1224 deaths were documented. A 21% decrease was observed in all‐cause mortality for women who had the highest versus lowest quartile of dietary isoflavone intake (≥1.5 vs < 0.3 mg daily: HR, 0.79; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.64‐0.97; Ptrend = .01). Lower mortality associated with higher intake was limited to women who had tumors that were negative for hormone receptors (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29‐0.83; Ptrend = .005) and those who did not receive hormone therapy for their breast cancer (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.91; Ptrend = .02). Interactions, however, did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS

In this large, ethnically diverse cohort of women with breast cancer living in North America, a higher dietary intake of isoflavone was associated with reduced all‐cause mortality. Cancer 2017;123:2070–2079. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Human body modeling method to simulate the biodynamic characteristics of spine in vivo with different sitting postures
Authors: Dong Rui‐Chun , Guo Li‐Xin
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study is to model the computational model of seated whole human body including skeleton, muscle, viscera, ligament, intervertebral disc, and skin to predict effect of the factors (sitting postures, muscle and skin, buttocks, viscera, arms, gravity, and boundary conditions) on the biodynamic characteristics of spine. Two finite element models of seated whole body and a large number of finite element models of different ligamentous motion segments were developed and validated. Static, modal, and transient dynamic analyses were performed. The predicted vertical resonant frequency of seated body model was in the range of vertical natural frequency of 4 to 7 Hz. Muscle, buttocks, viscera, and the boundary conditions of buttocks have influence on the vertical resonant frequency of spine. Muscle played a very important role in biodynamic response of spine. Compared with the vertical posture, the posture of lean forward or backward led to an increase in stress on anterior or lateral posterior of lumbar intervertebral discs. This indicated that keeping correct posture could reduce the injury of vibration on lumbar intervertebral disc under whole‐body vibration. The driving posture not only reduced the load of spine but also increased the resonant frequency of spine.
Perspectives on HCV: Current Therapeutic Regimens and Drug–Drug Interactions
Authors: Chan Justin , Chung Raymond T.
Published: March 2017

Approximately 170 million people harbor chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide, with 3–4 million in the United States. As recently as 2013, the few treatment options available were poorly tolerated and only moderately effective. That changed when the first interferon‐free direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) regimen was US Food and Drug Administration–approved in December 2013. There are now 10 approved DAAs, with several more deep in the pipeline to approval. There are now interferon‐free regimens available for every HCV genotype, and the application of DAA combination regimens has lifted response rates for historically difficult‐to‐treat patient groups to levels on par with more conventional treatment groups, including persons with HIV/HCV coinfection. This review will summarize the data behind currently recommended DAA regimens, review the data for treatment of HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients, and discuss important drug–drug interactions between HCV DAAs and HIV antiretrovirals.
Growth of lead iodide single crystals used for nuclear radiation detection of Gamma‐rays
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2017

PbI2 single crystals have been fabricated by vertical Bridgeman (VB) method and vertical gradient freezing (VGF) method. The crystal grown by the VGF method exhibited high quality with no stress cracks and high infrared transmission rate compared with the one grown by VB method. A transparent orange PbI2 single crystal with size of Φ20 mm×80 mm was obtained by the improved parameters. Electrical resistivity of the crystal was as large as 1.4×1011Ωcm, and the infrared transmission rate was as high as 53% in the wave‐numbers from 4000 to 400 cm−1. The wafer was deposited with graphite explode, and the photopeak was very sharp with the shaping time of 2.7 μs to detect 241Am@59.5 keV γ‐rays.
User scheduling based on angles with block diagonalization in MU‐MIMO broadcast
Authors: Yuan Kun , Cao Yewen , Zhang Huanjing
Published: March 2017

This paper investigates user selection scheme in the multiuser multiple‐input multiple‐output (MU‐MIMO) broadcast (BC) scene with block diagonalization precoding. Block diagonalization is a suboptimal but practical linear precoding method, which can eliminate the multiuser interference by turning the MU‐MIMO BC channel into parallel MIMO channels. With this precoding method, we propose the best user from the user subset to maximize the total throughput in the MU‐MIMO BC system. The angles between subspaces used in this paper are induced fromn‐inner product, an extension from norm space to then‐dimensional space, which characterizes the orthogonality between subspaces. One of the algorithms achieves good performance by comparing the capacity greedily, the other one attains high capacity by reducing the cardinality of the user subset to improve the orthogonality between the user channels, which could be seen as a complexity reduction algorithm with respect to the former one. Indeed, they are all based on the angles between subspaces. Analysis shows that both of the proposed algorithms have lower complexity and better performance than the classical algorithms. The numerical results also confirm our analysis.
The cellularity yield of three different 22‐gauge endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration needles
Authors: Othman Mohamed O. , Abdelfatah Mohamed M , Padilla Osvaldo , Hussinat Maha , Elhanafi Sherif , Eloliby Mohamed , Torabi Alireza , Hakim Nawar , Boman Darius A.
Published: March 2017

Background

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) fine needle aspiration (FNA) is an integral part in the diagnosis of pancreatic, intestinal and extra‐intestinal masses or lesions. There is no clear data on the superiority of the core biopsy needle over standard 22‐gauge needles. The aim of this study is to prospectively compare the cellularity yield of three commonly used 22‐gauge FNA needles available in the US market. Methods: This is a prospective, randomized study comparing the cellularity yield of three commercially available EUS needles (two standard FNA needles and core biopsy needle). Two blinded pathologists evaluated the cytology specimens based on an already agreed upon cytology score. We included adult patients (18–80 years old) who presented to our endoscopy unit for FNA of pancreatic or extrapancreatic masses.

Results

109 patients (57 F, 52 M) were recruited to the study, 88 lesions were pancreatic lesions. 39 patients were recruited in the EZ Shot 2™ group, 36 in the Procore® group and 34 in the Expect™ group. The average cellularity score and the mean number of passes (SD) were not different between the three needles; P = 0.91 and P = 0.16, respectively. There was no difference between the three needles in obtaining an onsite diagnosis (P = 0.627) and no difference in reported adverse events between the three groups.

Conclusion

The cellularity yields, the mean number of passes and reported adverse events were similar in the three compared 22‐gauge needles. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:426–432. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optical and Vibrational Properties of [Pt@Pb12]2–, [Ni@Pb12]2–, and [Ni@Pb10]2– Zintl Ion Clusters
Authors: Cetin Asude , Esenturk Okan , Esenturk Emren Nalbant
Published: March 2017

The optical and vibrational properties of Pt‐ and Ni‐centered Pb‐Zintl‐ion clusters have been investigated by UV/Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. Computational studies have been performed to better interpret the experimental data, due to a lack of any FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopic studies on these clusters or similar ones in the literature. UV/Vis spectroscopic analyses show an asymmetric broad absorption band, with a maximum at 265 nm for both Pt‐ and Ni‐centered Pb clusters. FTIR spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that the vibrational modes of the clusters appear at the low‐frequency (terahertz) range of the spectrum. Vibrational modes of [Pt@Pb12]2– and [Ni@Pb12]2– are observed at 74 cm–1, and those of [Ni@Pb10]2– appear at 86, 143, and 200 cm–1. Similarities between simulated and experimental spectra strongly support isolated cluster behavior. [Pt@Pb12]2–, [Ni@Pb12]2–, and [Ni@Pb10]2– are the only Zintl ion clusters that have been characterized with UV/Vis and FTIR spectroscopic analyses to elucidate their optical and vibrational properties.
Slow brushing reduces heat pain in humans
Authors: Liljencrantz J. , Strigo I. , Ellingsen D.M. , Krämer H.H. , Lundblad L.C. , Nagi S.S. , Leknes S. , Olausson H.
Published: March 2017

Background

C‐tactile (CT) afferents are unmyelinated low‐threshold mechanoreceptors optimized for signalling affective, gentle touch. In three separate psychophysical experiments, we examined the contribution of CT afferents to pain modulation.

Methods

In total, 44 healthy volunteers experienced heat pain and CT optimal (slow brushing) and CT sub‐optimal (fast brushing or vibration) stimuli. Three different experimental paradigms were used: Concurrent application of heat pain and tactile (slow brushing or vibration) stimulation; Slow brushing, applied for variable duration and intervals, preceding heat pain; Slow versus fast brushing preceding heat pain.

Results

Slow brushing was effective in reducing pain, whereas fast brushing or vibration was not. The reduction in pain was significant not only when the CT optimal touch was applied simultaneously with the painful stimulus but also when the two stimuli were separated in time. For subsequent stimulation, the pain reduction was more pronounced for a shorter time interval between brushing and pain. Likewise, the effect was more robust when pain was preceded by a longer duration of brush stimulation. Strong CT‐related pain reduction was associated with low anxiety and high calmness scores obtained by a state anxiety questionnaire.

Conclusions

Slow brushing – optimal for CT activation – is effective in reducing pain from cutaneous heating. The precise mechanisms for the pain relief are as yet unknown but possible mechanisms include inhibition of nociceptive projection neurons at the level of the dorsal horn as well as analgesia through cortical mechanisms.

Significance

Slow brushing stimuli – optimal for activation of C‐tactile fibres – can reduce pain from cutaneous heating. No such effect was seen with fast brushing or vibration. These observations indicate the role of C‐tactile fibres in pain modulation.
Combination of SDS‐PAGE and intact mass analysis for rapid determination of heterogeneities in monoclonal antibody therapeutics
Authors: Yamada Hideaki , Matsumura Chiemi , Yamada Keita , Teshima Koichiro , Hiroshima Takashi , Kinoshita Mitsuhiro , Suzuki Shigeo , Kakehi Kazuaki
Published: March 2017

mAbs are currently mainstream in biopharmaceuticals, and their market has been growing due to their high target specificity. Characterization of heterogeneities in mAbs is performed to secure their quality and safety by physicochemical analyses. However, they require time‐consuming task, which often strain the resources of drug development in pharmaceuticals. Rapid and direct method to determine the heterogeneities should be a powerful tool for pharmaceutical analysis. Considering the advantages of electrophoresis and MS, this study addresses the combination of SDS‐PAGE and intact mass analysis, which provides direct, rapid, and orthogonal determination of heterogeneities in mAb therapeutics. mAb therapeutics that migrated in SDS‐PAGE were recovered from gel by treatment with SDC‐containing buffer. Usage of SDC‐containing buffer as extraction solvent and ethanol‐based staining solution enhanced the recovery of intact IgG from SDS‐PAGE gels. Recovery of mAbs reached more than 86% with 0.2% SD. The heterogeneities, especially N‐glycan variants in the recovered mAb therapeutics, were clearly determined by intact mass analysis. We believe that the study is important in pharmaceuticals‧ perspective since orthogonal combination of gel electrophoresis and intact mass analysis should be pivotal role for rapid and precise characterization of mAbs.
A new inherent damping model for inelastic time‐history analyses
Authors: Luco J. Enrique , Lanzi Armando
Published: March 2017

The paper presents a new damping model in which the inherent damping forces during inelastic vibrations are taken to be proportional to the first derivative of the restoring forces with respect to time. The model can also be interpreted as the damping forces being proportional to an estimate of the elastic component of velocity rather than to the total velocity, which includes plastic and elastic components. The model reduces to the conventional viscous damping model for elastic response but differs from it during inelastic deformations. Although the model is based on the initial properties of the structure, the resulting response is similar to that obtained by the conventional viscous approach using current properties (tangent stiffness). The new damping model is evaluated by comparisons with the response for different viscous damping models obtained by numerical inelastic time‐history analyses of a multi‐story structure subjected to different earthquake excitations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perception of Peripersonal and Interpersonal Space in Patients with Restrictive‐type Anorexia
Authors: Nandrino Jean‐Louis , Ducro Claire , Iachini Tina , Coello Yann
Published: March 2017

This study examines whether the perception of peripersonal action‐space and interpersonal social‐space is modified in patients with restrictive‐type anorexia in two experimental conditions using videos. First, participants stopped the video of an approaching stimulus when they felt the distance to be comfortable for interacting with it (first‐person perspective). Second, participants stopped the video when an observed individual approaching a stimulus, or being approached by it, was at a comfortable distance (third‐person perspective). In the first‐person perspective, the results showed an estimation of peripersonal space that did not differ from controls when an object was approaching and an increase in interpersonal space compared with controls when a male or female individual was approaching. In the third‐person perspective, both individual‐object and individual–individual distances were larger in anorexic patients. These results indicate a specific deficit in adjusting interpersonal distances in both the first‐person and third‐person perspectives. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Resource allocation, interference management, and mode selection in device‐to‐device communication: A survey
Authors: Ali Sher , Ahmad Ayaz
Published: March 2017

For us to meet the demands of fifth generation technologies, device‐to‐device (D2D) communication is foreseen to be an important part of fifth generation networks. Device‐to‐device communication brings significant improvement in user's throughput, battery life, communication delay, and resource usage. Device‐to‐device links share the same resource with the cellular links that results in interference between cellular users and D2D user equipments. This interference can be managed by suitable resource allocation algorithms. The selection of D2D or cellular communication mode is also a hot research issue. Many research works are available in literature on the aforementioned issues regarding D2D communication, but there is no survey available in the literature. To facilitate the researchers, we present a detailed and systematic survey on resource allocation, interference management, and mode selection in D2D communication in this paper. Initially, the taxonomy based overview of D2D communication is provided, and the classification of the works is outlined. Then, the works regarding mode selection are reviewed in detail. Furthermore, interference management schemes to handle the interference caused by the underlying nature are also surveyed. Then, the available literature on resource allocation schemes in D2D perspective are presented. Finally, some open research problems are identified that deserve further research.
Angiotensin II degrades myeloid cell leukemia 1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Zhang Wenlong , Yang Ruyan , Feng Yaorong , Hu Bin , Zhang Jun , Zhang Qian , Rong Ningning
Published: March 2017

Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a central role in cardiovascular diseases by causing endothelial apoptosis and dysfunction. Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl‐1) is an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl‐2 family of apoptosis‐regulating proteins. It has been reported that Mcl‐1 plays a pivotal role in protecting cells against apoptosis. Presently, the effects of Ang II on the expression of Mcl‐1 remain unknown. In this study, we report, for the first time, that the antiapoptotic protein Mcl‐1 is degraded by the proteasome during Ang II‐induced apoptosis in HUVECs. Notably, our results demonstrate that prior phosphorylation by GSK‐3β is required for proteasomal degradation of Mcl‐1. Notably, the reduced level of Mcl‐1 was abolished by a specific GSK‐3β inhibitor, suggesting that the phosphorylation of Mcl‐1 by GSK‐3β is required for proteasomal degradation of Mcl‐1. Overexpression of Mcl‐1 rescued apoptosis induced by Ang II, however, knockdown of Mcl‐1 exacerbated Ang II‐induced apoptosis, thereby indicating that the protein level of Mcl‐1 determines the response of endothelial cells to this drug. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(5):321–327, 2017
The effects of presence of a backside screw hole on biotribological behavior of phospholipid polymer‐grafted crosslinked polyethylene
Authors: Watanabe Kenichi , Moro Toru , Kyomoto Masayuki , Saiga Kenichi , Taketomi Shuji , Kadono Yuho , Takatori Yoshio , Tanaka Sakae , Ishihara Kazuhiko
Published: March 2017

One of the important factors in determining the success of joint replacement is the wear performance of polyethylene. Although highly crosslinked polyethylene (CLPE) is presently used, it is still not adequate. We have developed a surface modification technology using poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) in an attempt to improve wear performance. In this study, we evaluated the wear and creep deformation resistances of 3‐mm and 6‐mm thick PMPC‐grafted CLPE disks, set on a metal back‐plate, with and without a sham screw hole. The gravimetric wear and volumetric change of the disks were examined using a multidirectional pin‐on‐disk tester. PMPC grafting decreased the gravimetric wear of CLPE regardless of the presence of a screw hole, and did not affect the volumetric change. The volumetric change in the bearing and backside surfaces of the 3‐mm thick disk with a screw hole was much larger than that of those without a screw hole or those of the 6‐mm thick disk, which was caused by creep deformation. PMPC grafting on the bearing surface can be a material engineering approach to reduce the wear without changing the creep deformation resistance, and is a promising surface modification technology that can be used to increase the longevity of various artificial joints. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 610–618, 2018.
2‐methoxyestradiol impacts on amino acids‐mediated metabolic reprogramming in osteosarcoma cells by its interaction with NMDA receptor
Authors: Gorska‐Ponikowska Magdalena , Perricone Ugo , Kuban‐Jankowska Alicja , Lo Bosco Giosuè , Barone Giampaolo
Published: March 2017

Deregulation of serine and glycine metabolism, have been identified to function as metabolic regulators in supporting tumor cell growth. The role of serine and glycine in regulation of cancer cell proliferation is complicated, dependent on concentrations of amino acids and tissue‐specific. D‐serine and glycine are coagonists of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit GRIN1. Importantly, NMDA receptors are widely expressed in cancer cells and play an important role in regulation of cell death, proliferation, and metabolism of numerous malignancies. The aim of the present work was to associate the metabolism of glycine and D‐serine with the anticancer activity of 2‐methoxyestradiol. 2‐methoxyestradiol is a potent anticancer agent but also a physiological 17β‐ estradiol metabolite. In the study we have chosen two malignant cell lines expressing functional NMDA receptors, that is osteosarcoma 143B and breast cancer MCF7. We used MTS assay, migration assay, flow cytometric analyses, Western blotting and immunoprecipitation techniques as well as molecular modeling studies. We have demonstrated the extensive crosstalk between the deregulated metabolic network and cancer cell signaling. Herein, we observed an anticancer effect of high concentrations of glycine and D‐serine in osteosarcoma cells. In contrast, the amino acids when used at low, physiological concentrations induced the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells. Importantly, the pro‐cancergogenic effects of both glycine and D‐serine where abrogated by the usage of 2‐methoxyestradiol at both physiological and pharmacological relevant concentrations. The obtained data confirmed that 2‐methoxyestradiol may be a physiological anticancer molecule.
Effects of reduced natural background radiation on Drosophila melanogaster growth and development as revealed by the FLYINGLOW program
Authors: Morciano Patrizia , Iorio Roberto , Iovino Daniela , Cipressa Francesca , Esposito Giuseppe , Porrazzo Antonella , Satta Luigi , Alesse Edoardo , Tabocchini Maria Antonella , Cenci Giovanni
Published: March 2017

Natural background radiation of Earth and cosmic rays played a relevant role during the evolution of living organisms. However, how chronic low doses of radiation can affect biological processes is still unclear. Previous data have indicated that cells grown at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS, L'Aquila) of National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) of Italy, where the dose rate of cosmic rays and neutrons is significantly reduced with respect to the external environment, elicited an impaired response against endogenous damage as compared to cells grown outside LNGS. This suggests that environmental radiation contributes to the development of defense mechanisms at cellular level. To further understand how environmental radiation affects metabolism of living organisms, we have recently launched the FLYINGLOW program that aims at exploiting Drosophila melanogaster as a model for evaluating the effects of low doses/dose rates of radiation at the organismal level. Here, we will present a comparative data set on lifespan, motility and fertility from different Drosophila strains grown in parallel at LNGS and in a reference laboratory at the University of L'Aquila. Our data suggest the reduced radiation environment can influence Drosophila development and, depending on the genetic background, may affect viability for several generations even when flies are moved back to normal background radiation. As flies are considered a valuable model for human biology, our results might shed some light on understanding the effect of low dose radiation also in humans.
Bicomponent ultrashort echo time analysis for assessment of patients with patellar tendinopathy
Authors: Kijowski Richard , Wilson John J. , Liu Fang
Published: March 2017

Purpose

To compare bicomponent ultrashort echo time (UTE)
parameters of patellar tendon between healthy volunteers and patients with patellar tendinopathy.

Materials and Methods

This study was performed with Institutional Review Board approval and with all subjects signing informed consent. A UTE‐
mapping sequence was performed at 3.0T on the knees of 10 healthy volunteers and in 11 patients with patellar tendinopathy. The UTE‐
relaxation times of the fast relaxing macromolecular bound water component (
) and the slow relaxing bulk water component (
) and the fraction of the fast relaxing macromolecular bound water component (FF) of patellar tendon were measured in all subjects. Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests were used to compare UTE‐
parameters between healthy volunteers and patients with patellar tendinopathy.

Results

Mean
,
, and FF of the patellar tendon was 1.5 msec, 23.1 msec, and 79.5%, respectively, for healthy volunteers and 1.9 msec, 22.3 msec, and 75.5%, respectively, for patients with patellar tendinopathy. There were statistically significant differences between groups of subjects for
(P = 0.01) and FF (P = 0.007) but not
(P = 0.10) of the patellar tendon.

Conclusion

Patients with patellar tendinopathy had significantly higher
and significantly lower FF of patellar tendon than healthy volunteers, which suggests that bicomponent UTE‐
parameters can detect changes in the composition and microstructure of degenerative tendon.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1441–1447.
Preceding features and relationship with possible affecting factors of persistent and extensive icing events in China
Authors: Wang Zunya , Yang Song , Zhou Botao
Published: March 2017

As two major types of icing, rime and glaze, especially those with long persistency and extensive coverage, cause great economic and social damages for China. Based on 28 persistent and extensive rime events and 19 glaze events in China, this article examined their preceding features and relationship with large‐scale climate factors. The results show that the pronounced preceding signals for these events include the Ural and Okhotsk blocking highs, major East Asian trough, cold air actives, southwesterly moisture transportation and upper‐level jet stream. They intensify greatly 5–7 days ahead, indicating the forthcoming icing events and weaken significantly foretelling the ending of the events.

Large‐scale climate factors such as negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation, strong Siberian high, La Niña background and low sea surface temperature from the tropical Indian Ocean to the tropical western Pacific favour the occurrence of glaze events in China by intensifying the East Asian winter monsoon and exciting the southward outbreak of cold airs. In the meantime, deep wintertime semi‐permanent trough in the southern branch of westerlies is crucial for the northward moisture transportation. However, only the low sea surface temperature from the tropical Indian Ocean to the tropical western Pacific and the deep wintertime semi‐permanent trough in the southern branch of westerlies are significantly related to the occurrence of rime events in China. Although weak Australian low and strong western Pacific subtropical high also favour water vapour transportation, they are observed only during a small portion of icing events.
It Is Time to Observe the Creative Process: How to Use a Creative Process Report Diary (CRD)
Authors: Botella Marion , Nelson Julien , Zenasni Franck
Published: March 2017

Although the first research on the creative process was based on interviews with the aim of identifying the main stages (macro‐process), in the last 50 years researchers have focused more on the analysis of micro‐processes, i.e., the mechanisms underlying the generation of ideas. This interest in the micro‐processes is partly a result of the tools available to researchers to carry out rigorous studies on the creative process. In this article, we present a useful and relevant analytical tool for macro‐processes to assess the creative process in a natural context and when it occurs. Here, the reader will find advice on establishing a research protocol for the creative process by using diaries. Examples of diaries and results are presented. The advantage of this tool is that it enables a direct, rich, and inexpensive assessment of the creative process. Thus, the ecological validity of the diary method is particularly high.