bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERCEPTION ON BANK INTEREST AND THE USE OF ISLAMIC BANKS: CASE STUDY INDONESIAN STUDENTS IN MEDINA SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Almagribi Ahmad Bilal , Possumah Bayu Taufiq , Husayn Halimi
Published: January 2021

This study aims to investigate the perceptions of Indonesian students in Medina, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia about bank interest and Islamic banks usage. By using questionnaires data collection method and purposive sampling technique, 40 students have been interviewed online in this study. The data is then analyzed by descriptive percentage. This study found that most Indonesian students in Medina consider bank interest as usury and only 5% of them thought that both were different. The students who consider bank interest as usury argue that the contract between the customer and the bank is a Qordh (loan) contract. In contrast, respondents who consider the bank interest and usury are different, arguing that the interest is not always as usury according to some scholars who do not categorize the contract between bank and customer as Qordh, but as Tamwil (financing). This study also found that most of the students using Islamic banks and at the same time some of them also have conventional accounts for various reasons, such as the limited number of ATMs and branch offices, and no Islamic debit cards yet that are accepted as credit cards in online transactions.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Ikan di Sepanjang Sungai Opak Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Yudha Donan Satria , Trijoko Trijoko , Eprilurahman Rury , Nugraha Rizki , Suranto Rosita Dwi Putri , Abida Farahsani Umi , Tobing Vega Felicia , Fathiya Raden Firly , Nopitasari Sri
Published: January 2021

Penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman ikan air tawar di Sungai Opak DIY telah dilakukan dan dipublikasikan, tahun 2006, 2011 dan 2013. Data mengenai keanekaragaman ikan di Sungai Opak perlu dilakukan penambahan data, terutama data menyeluruh dari hulu hingga muara. Penambahan data perlu dilakukan, karena dimungkinkan ditemukan jenis ikan yang belum sempat tertangkap pada penelitian sebelumnya. Data jenis ikan yang tidak tertangkap pada penelitian sebelumnya, dapat menambah keanekaragaman jenis ikan di Sungai Opak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melengkapi dan menambah data keanekaragaman jenis ikan yang terdapat di sepanjang Sungai Opak, dari hulu hingga muara. Pengambilan sampel dari hulu hingga muara menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling dengan bantuan jaring besar, kecil dan jala tebar. Sampling secara umum dibagi dalam empat bagian yaitu: hulu, tengah, hilir dan muara. Pada penelitian yang kami lakukan, terdapat beberapa jenis ikan yang tidak dijumpai pada penelitian sebelumnya, yaitu: lima jenis ikan dibagian hulu, di bagian tengah terdapat tiga jenis ikan yang tidak dijumpai pada penelitian sebelumnya, baik sampling hulu maupun hilir. Di bagian hilir dijumpai tujuh jenis ikan saat penelitian ini dan tidak dijumpai pada penelitian sebelumnya. Pada bagian muara, dijumpai lima belas jenis ikan yang tidak dijumpai di hilir pada penelitian sebelumnya. Total terdapat 28 jenis ikan yang dijumpai di tahun 2013 tetapi belum dijumpai di penelitian sebelumnya.
Optimasi Metode Ekstraksi DNA pada Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Berdasarkan Suhu, Lama Inkubasi, dan Kondisi Daun
Authors: Retnaningati Dewi
Published: January 2021

Abstract Melon is a fruit commodity that has high economic value and is in demand by the community, so it has the potential to be developed. Therefore it is necessary to study various sciences, one of which is the molecular approach. DNA is an essential element in molecular research. The right extraction technique will determine the quality and quantity of DNA produced. The temperature and incubation time applied in the DNA extraction technique, as well as the quality of the leaves as a source of plant DNA, are among the determining factors for the quality and quantity of extracted DNA, so it is necessary to carry out an assessment and optimization. This study aims to assess the optimal temperature and incubation time in extracting DNA from material (melon leaves) under different conditions. Research activities include planting melon seeds, collecting leaf samples, DNA extraction and quantitative DNA testing. The results showed that the concentration and purity of DNA extracted from cold leaves was higher than that from fresh leaves. The highest DNA concentration was obtained from the 65 ° C incubation treatment for 20 minutes, namely 2707.6 ng / μl, and the highest DNA purity was obtained from the 70 ° C incubation treatment for 10 minutes, namely 1.94 from leaf material that had been cooled overnight at a temperature of -20 ° C . Abstrak Melon merupakan salah satu komoditas buah yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi dan diminati masyarakat, sehingga potensial untuk dikembangkan. Oleh karenanya perlu pengkajian dari berbagai ilmu salah satunya dengan pendekatan molekuler. DNA merupakan unsur yang cukup esensial dalam riset molekuler. Teknik ekstraksi yang tepat sangat menentukan kualitas dan kuantitas DNA yang dihasilkan. Suhu dan lama inkubasi yang diterapkan dalam teknik ekstraksi DNA, serta kualitas daun sebagai sumber DNA tanaman merupakan salah satu faktor penentu kualitas dan kuantitas DNA hasil ekstraksi, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengkajian dan optimasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji suhu dan lama inkubasi yang optimal dalam mengekstraksi DNA dari bahan (daun melon) dengan kondisi yang berbeda. Kegiatan penelitian meliputi penanaman benih melon, koleksi sampel daun, ekstraksi DNA dan uji kuantitatif DNA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi dan kemurnian DNA hasil ekstraksi dari daun dingin lebih tinggi dibandingkan dari daun segar.  Konsentrasi DNA tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan inkubasi 65°C selama 20 menit, yaitu 2707.6 ng/μl, dan kemurnian DNA tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan inkubasi 70°C selama 10 menit, yaitu 1.94 dari bahan daun yang sudah didinginkan semalaman pada suhu -20°C.
EDUKASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KETERAMPILAN PEMASARAN PELAKU USAHA OPAK DI DESA CIBODAS SOLOKAN JERUK
Authors: Wibowo Hery , Hidayat Syahrul , Arroyana Hanifah , Fitria Sofandi Adrianti Nur , Permana Adit Djati , Salsabila Naura , Adiansah Wandi
Published: January 2021

Revolusi Industri 4.0 telah mengubah wajah industry. Perdangangan berbasis daring/internet semakin masif dilakukan oleh para pengusaha baik skala besar maupun kecil. Isu ini, disatu sisi dapat mendorong perkembangan usaha di kota-kota besar. Namun demikian, hal ini juga dapat menjadi ancaman bagi pelaku usaha kecil dan menengah di pedesaan yang belum mendapatkan edukasi terkait pemasaran digital. Aksi pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membantu para pengusaha Opak di Desa Solokan Jeruk, agar mampu meningkatkan bentuk dan varian jalur pemasarannya. Kegiatan dimulai dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap pelaku usaha, untuk kemudian dirumuskan bentuk dan jenis pelatihan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pelaku usaha.
PERILAKU PELANGGARAN LALU LINTAS OLEH REMAJA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL
Authors: Nurfauziah Rahayu , Krisnani Hetty
Published: January 2021

Salah satu masalah utama dalam lalu lintas adalah kecelakaan lalu lintas yang menimbulkan korban jiwa dan kerugian material. Perilaku komunitas sangat menentukan dalam pelanggaran lalu lintas. Tujuan dari penelitianini adalah untuk mengetahui atau menganalisis: (1) faktor penyebab terjadinya pelanggaran lalu lintas dan (2)strategi yang dilakukan oleh SATLANTAS dalam mengurangi pelanggaran lalu lintas sehingga tercapainya masyarakat patuh hukum. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode deskiptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka, dan teori yang digunakan adalah teori perspektif konstruksi sosial. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa: Penegakanhukum lalu lintas dalam rangka tercapainya masyarakat patuh hokum belum bekerja secara profesionaldikarenakan penerapan hukum tidak diaksanakan sebagaimana mestinya, sikap penegak hokum yang belum profesional, serta sarana dan prasarana yang terbatas untuk mendukung terlaksananya penegakan hukum.
Small Prose Constants by F. Sologub
Authors: Osipova О. I.
Published: January 2021

The question of constants in the short prose of F. Sologub is considered. Special attention is paid to the iconic cycle of stories in the work of the author. The results of the analysis of motives, chronotope, recurring elements of the plot and the system of characters in the cycles “The Sting of Death” and “Unkind Lady” are presented. It is shown with the help of comparative and intertextual methods that in the stories of the cycles the constant binary opposition of a meaningless, cruel life and a consoling death is embodied, the hero’s dreams of death determine the meaninglessness of being. It has been proved that time and partly space in the stories of the cycles are binary organized, but this is not the duality of this and other worlds: the hero does not go beyond the boundaries of this world, but the time and space of this world change under the influence of the altered consciousness of the hero. The author dwells on the analysis of motivational complexes that also represent oppositions, which allows us to conclude that there are constant signs of Sologub’s artistic world. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that modern comprehension of classical works using a new technique made it possible to see the internal complex interconnection of texts, to find explicit and implicit signs of interaction between cycles.
Prishvin and Trotsky: a Man “like a pharmacist” in the novel “The World Cup”, journalism and the Writer’s Diary
Authors: Podoksenov A. M. , Telkova V. A.
Published: January 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the subject of the article is the question of the influence of L. D. Trotsky [Bronstein], who was one of the key leaders of Bolshevism, who headed the October Revolution, on the worldview and creativity of M. M. Prishvin, which has not yet been considered in the European studies. It is shown that in Russian art it is difficult to find an artist of the word, whose work would be to the same extent conditioned by the influence of the ideological and political context. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to show how, through individual characters in his works, Prishvin in an artistic and figurative form reflected the characteristic features of behavior, everyday habits, the style of thinking and speech of Trotsky. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of previously unpublished due to censorship restrictions of the writer’s works: the story “The World Cup”, journalism of the revolutionary years and the 18-volume Diary, which became available to the reader only in the post-Soviet period. It is shown that, depicting Trotsky as a “pharmacist” who, according to his recipes, is trying to create the future of a huge country, Prishvin seeks not only to artistically reflect his moral appearance and personality traits, but also to convey the features of the ideological and political struggle in Soviet society.
Features of the Political Development of Iraq in 2003—2020: the Formation of a New Elite
Authors: Mamedov R. Sh. , Sapronova M. A.
Published: January 2021

The features of recruiting the political elite of Iraq after the overthrow of the regime of President Saddam Hussein in 2003 are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the processes of elite formation in the Middle East during the period of regional transformations. The key mechanisms and principles of the formation of the Iraqi political elite within the framework of the emerging post-Saddam political system have been identified. It is shown that the political leaders who came into power with the support of the Americans until 2003 were the “counter-elite” of S. Hussein, therefore participation in the opposition movements became an important criterion for recruiting. Special attention is paid to the informal (traditional) principles of recruiting the new elite, which have become the main mechanism of this process. In particular, the following principles are described: “muhassasa taifiyya”, which assumes the distribution of political positions in accordance with the share of ethno-confessional groups in the general population, clan solidarity, and religious institutions. It is emphasized that the role of Shiite religious structures, including spiritual leaders, and their influence on the formation of the political elite have significantly increased compared to the pre-occupation period.
Tatar Population of Western Siberia in the Second Half of the XIX — First Third of the XX Centuries: Historical and Demographic Characteristics
Authors: Tychinskikh Z. A.
Published: January 2021

The dynamics of urbanization processes among the Tatar population of Western Siberia during the second half of the 19th — first third of the 20th centuries is considered on the basis of the materials of the First General Census of the Population of the Russian Empire in 1897 and the All-Union Census of 1926. The main attention in the article is paid to the factors that influenced urbanization processes, among which are the bourgeois reforms of the second half of the 19th century, the Stolypin reform of the early 20th century, as well as the policy of the emerging Soviet state in the 20s of the 20th century. The results of a comparative analysis with the general situation in the country in the study period for the Tatar and Russian population are presented. The question is raised about the role and place of Tatar migrants from the Volga and Ural regions in the cities of Western Siberia. Particular attention is paid to the demographic indicators of urbanization processes, identifying the features of their course. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the process of the formation of the urban Tatar population in the second half of the 19th — the first third of the 20th centuries is for the first time considered in historical dynamics. The relevance of the study is due to the poor study of the topic.
Process of Distribution and Conditions for the Opening of Stationary Cinemas in the Cities of the Tobolsk Province at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Yunina E. A.
Published: January 2021

On the basis of archival materials introduced into scientific circulation, analysis of regional periodicals, reference books, normative acts and published data, the history of the emergence and spread of stationary cinematic theaters in the Tobolsk province is traced. The administrative and institutional aspect of their opening is considered. Particular attention is paid to preparatory work, technical and construction rules and conditions for the official acceptance of buildings, fire safety measures of pre-revolutionary cinematographs, toponymy and their localization in the socio-cultural space of cities. The article provides information on the social and professional affiliation of the owners of the electric theaters. It is concluded that the positive dynamics of the founding of cinematographs in the studied region, characterized by speed and continuity, refers to the period 1909—1916. The organization of a network of cinemas in the provincial cities of the West Siberian part of Russia was associated with the work of provincial institutions, municipal authorities, and police officers. The functioning of these public institutions was systematically monitored by the officials of these departments, who were guided by the technical normative legal acts adopted in the empire that regulate the conditions for keeping cinemas. The development of cinematography was an important indicator of the innovative trends taking place in the leisure segment of the everyday life of citizens.
TERORISME DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM (FIQIH JINAYAH)
Authors: Zulkifli Zulkifli , Syarif Hasyim Muh. , Hamiyuddin Hamiyuddin
Published: January 2021

The discussion in this research is terrorism from the perspective of Islamic criminal law (fiqih jinayah). The problem that becomes the focus of research is how terrorism is in the review of Islamic criminal law or jinnayah fiqh. Qualitative research, the source of which is library research, is the method used in research. There are two kinds of data sources in this research, namely primary and secondary data sources, while the data collection and analysis uses literature review research. The data were analyzed using the Islamic criminal law theory approach. So as a result of this research that acts of terrorism are not justified in Islamic teachings. The birth of this action is because the perpetrators have shallow thoughts or have very minimal thoughts and have political goals to harm themselves and others. They even consider this act as Jihad, even though in fact it is not a jihad but an act that brings fear to potential victims.
PERCERAIAN DI LUAR PENGADILAN MENURUT TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: AS Nurfaradillah , Syarif Hasyim Muh. , Nurkhaerah Sitti
Published: January 2021

The discussion in this research is divorce outside the court according to the study of Islamic law in Desa Lariang Kecamatan Tikke Raya Kabupaten Pasangkayu. The basis for this research is that divorce outside the court is contrary to the laws enacted in Indonesia, namely: Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 1991 concerning Compilation of Islamic Law.So that the research will use a qualitative research approach, with the research design used is a single case study design in research. According to a review of Islamic law, divorce that occurs outside the court in Lariang Village is legal. However, when viewed in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 1991 concerning Compilation of Islamic Law (positive Islamic law) this is invalid.
Compromiso e influencia del equipo directivo desde la resiliencia socioeducativa
Authors: Salvo-Garrido Sonia , Cisternas-Salcedo Pilar
Published: January 2021

En los procesos de selección del equipo directivo, el liderazgo es visto como una competencia individual. Debido a la actual transformación sociocultural, el liderazgo debe ser observado desde la perspectiva del capital social, donde lo colaborativo reemplaza a la administración burocrática. Este cambio de paradigma provoca conflictos internos relacionados con el compromiso e influencia que tienen tanto sobre la comunidad como con el proyecto educativo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el grado de compromiso e influencia que posee el equipo directivo de establecimientos educativos resilientes de Chile a través de metodología cualitativa, análisis de contenido y matriz de impacto. Los resultados conducen a que compromiso e influencia son determinantes en la creación de un perfil de selección de directivo, donde el liderazgo transformacional es idóneo para cargos donde el capital social es evidente y el liderazgo transaccional es parte de las características de los cargos técnicos.
Reism, Concretism and Schopenhauer Diagrams
Authors: Lemanski Jens , Dobrzański Michał
Published: January 2021

Reism or concretism are the labels for a position in ontology and semantics that is represented by various philosophers. As Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz and Jan Woleński have shown, there are two dimensions with which the abstract expression of reism can be made concrete: The ontological dimension of reism says that only things exist; the semantic dimension of reism says that all concepts must be reduced to concrete terms in order to be meaningful. In this paper we argue for the following two theses: (1) Arthur Schopenhauer has advocated a reistic philosophy of language which says that all concepts must ultimately be based on concrete intuition in order to be meaningful. (2) In his semantics, Schopenhauer developed a theory of logic diagrams that can be interpreted by modern means in order to concretize the abstract position of reism. Thus we are not only enhancing Jan Woleński’s list of well-known reists, but we are also adding a diagrammatic dimension to concretism, represented by Schopenhauer.
Analytical activities of Russian customs authorities: Status, problems, prospects
Authors: MAKRUSEV Viktor V. , IVASHKINA Yuliya S.
Published: January 2021

Subject. The article discusses the organization of analytical activities in the customs authorities of the Russian Federation.
Objectives. The aim is to assess the existing organization of analytical activities in the customs authorities of the Russian Federation and formulate promising directions for its development based on foreign experience in the introduction of intelligent data processing technologies.
Methods. The study rests on methods of expert assessment of the analytical activities of customs authorities.
Results. We disclose the content and role of analytical activities of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation, consider the organization of their analytical units from the perspective of modern theory and practice of management. Using the expert analysis methods, we evaluate the status of analytical activities of the said authorities and describe the mechanism of their development on the basis of foreign experience in the introduction of intelligent data processing technologies. The developed analysis technology can be used at all structural levels of the Russian Federal Customs Service, in assessing and analyzing the databases of customs authorities.
Conclusions. The proposed technology can increase the speed of analytical work of customs officials through automating this process. This will accelerate the customs controls over goods and vehicles, traveling across the EAEU customs border, improve the performance of the risk profiles being developed, and reduce the burden on customs officials.
Assessing the migration attractiveness of the territory for young people
Authors: SHMIDT Yurii D. , IVASHINA Natal'ya V.
Published: January 2021

Subject. The article considers the issues of migration attractiveness of territories for young people aged 15–19.
Objectives. We focus on a comprehensive study of factors of migration attractiveness of territories for young people between the ages of 15 and 19, development of a methodology to assess the migration attractiveness of regions for young people, and its testing in the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Methods. The study employs econometric models of panel data to select the most significant factors of migration attractiveness of territories, methods of statistical analysis and expert assessments to form composite indices.
Results. We highlight three groups of factors affecting the migration attractiveness of territories for young people, i.e. in the sphere of employment and economics, living environment and social conditions, and the educational sphere. Using the econometric modeling, in each group, we highlight the most significant ones that are used in the formation of composite indices. We also performed a comparative analysis of ratings of the subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of migration attractiveness of territories for young people aged 15 to 19. The ratings are calculated, using the developed methodology, and are based on the migration load coefficient.
Conclusions. The developed methodological approach can be used to create tools for assessing the migration attractiveness of territories for other age and gender categories of migrants, as well as to model migration behavior of young people.
Evaluating the compliance of modern electronic banking and digital cryptocurrency systems with the information society's requirements
Authors: DYUDIKOVA Ekaterina I. , KUNITSYNA Natal'ya N.
Published: January 2021

Subject. The digital economy emerged as a new generation of financial instruments, such as cryptocurrencies, were invented and proliferated, which were able to counteract global challenges. Those who oppose to the legitimization of digital assets and their integration into the payment infrastructure do not point out material advantages and support drastic transformations of the existing financial system. However, assuming very risky digital payments, the scope of cruptocurrency still grows. The article presents the outcome of intellectual text analysis of feedback left by users of electronic banking and digital cryptocurrency systems. Doing so, we determined to what extent they are satisfied with various systems. Objectives. The study is intended to provide the theoretical and methodological rationale for, and practically test the model that determines key themes in analyzable non-structured big data and allows to automatically evaluate the satisfaction of users with various payment systems. Methods. We resorted to the formal logic, systems approach, methods of comparative analysis, text mining and latent semantic analysis. Results. We analyzed reviews uploaded to www.banki.ru and www.otzovik.ru through parsing, stop word elimination, stemming, probabilistic thematic modeling based on the latent semantic analysis. We assessed to what extent users are satisfied with various systems by examining their reviews through the text tone analysis, the k-nearest neighbor algorithm and automated scoring of unrated reviews. Conclusions and Relevance. Text mining of unstructured big data shows that digital platforms, notwithstanding their infancy and high risks, already mostly satisfy social needs as compared to electronic banking systems, which determines the reasonableness of integrating them into the payment system to unlock their potential.
Determination of factors and conditions of financial and economic security
Authors: Rogova Tatyana
Published: January 2021

The security of a Federal state depends on the level of financial-economic security of its subjects. Goal setting at the regional level is related to strengthening financial autonomy, sustainability, and self-development. Achieving these goals is seen as possible if a sufficient number of diverse resources are available. Therefore, resource availability is a guarantee of security. The classification of financial and economic security factors is given. It is concluded that the key to economic development is to reduce interregional inequality and self-development of the territory. The main budget indicators are calculated for the Ulyanovsk region. In conclusion, a scheme of the relationship between economic policy and financial-economic security.
Energy worldview in Russian philosophy and prospects for its revision
Authors: Korobkova Svetlana , Plotnikova Valentina
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of reflections of the phenomenon of energy on the pages of Russian philosophical literature of the late XIX century and at the beginning XX century. The energy worldview is positioned as a productive result of creative processing of the ideas of European positivism by Russian thought as well as a prospective direction of research within the paradigm of convergence of Sciences. A retrospective review of energy concepts allows us to conclude that energetism is still relevant for post-non-classical modeling of the world and man and at that energy is a unit of measurement for concurrent processes in nature, society, and individual existence.
Giftedness as technology and social projects in the communicative reality of the XXI century
Authors: Fortunatov Anton , Chepiuk Olga , Kravchenko Valentina
Published: January 2021

The article examines the question of the social causes of the phenomenon of giftedness. The social aspects of the economic behavior of a gifted person are actualized taking into account the current historical stage of social reproduction, in the light of post-materialism, postmodernism, the theory of communicative action by J. Habermas, the influence of the means of communication on society by M. McLuhan, based on the phenomenon of "alienation" from the works of K. Marx, E. Fromm, T. Adorno. The main context of the research is focused on the growing role of social communication as a space for interaction between the individual and society. As a result, it has been shown that the very concept of giftedness has passed the stage of desacralization, and has been reduced to a socially significant need for certain human qualities. Such a modern, socio-philosophical interpretation of giftedness allows us to perceive and analyze this phenomenon as a communicative process (and not a status), which is influenced by fluctuations in external assessments of society, as well as fashion and trends. Hence, it is concluded that an important epistemological role is acquired by the historical context, in connection with which the behavior of a gifted person becomes noticeable to the researcher.
Socio-philosophical analysis of mass consciousness manipulation
Authors: Khubieva Zaira
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the socio-philosophical analysis of mass consciousness manipulation, revealing the correlation between the concepts of "deception" and "manipulation". The article analyzes various points of view on this issue. Currently, there are many different types and forms of manipulation. It is revealed that all these concepts are characterized by mutual satisfaction with the relationship in the "manipulator – partner" pair, which allows us to establish a subjective assessment of the effect produced by manipulation, as well as a balance of emotional gain and loss of participants in manipulative interaction. At the same time, according to the author, manipulation is always a concealment of influence, when both it and its results, as well as the manipulator's intentions, are hidden. Based on the analysis, we come to the conclusion that manipulation is the hidden management of mass consciousness not only in accordance with the interests, desires and goals of the manipulator, but also in accordance with the desires of the manipulated mass.
Dioses greco-romanos en las crónicas de indias. La mitología clásica en la comprensión del Nuevo Mundo
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Chil, Valenzuela Matus Carolina
Published: January 2021

The classical tradition has contributed to consolidate new historiographic perspectives in the history of the Americas. In this article, we analyze since this tradition the influence of the Greek and Latin mythology in the chroniclers written by three xvi Century churchmen: Bernardino de Sahagún, Jerónimo de Mendieta and José de Acosta. In their works, the comparison of the Graeco-roman gods and heroes with the gods of the natives had the purpose to bring closer to the readers the comprehension of these beliefs considering the classical mythology as a familiar reference, especially during Renaissance. The objective is the comprehension of the ‘otherness’. In addition, the classical is still a useful mean to facilitate conversion and legitimate the evangelization of the continent.
Celia Leyton, su pintura indigenista, retrato del patrimonio cultural del pueblo mapuche
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Temuco (Chile), Villegas Lorena , Vaccaro Renzo ,   Universidad Católica de Temuco (Chile), Mellado Alex ,   Universidad Católica de Temuco (Chile)
Published: January 2021

This research explores key aspects of the life and work of the Chilean artist Celia Leyton Vidal (Santiago de Chile, 1895-1975). Celia Leyton’s research and painting work was mainly developed in La Araucanía, the southern Chilean region where she spent most of her adult life. As a prominent middle school teacher, art researcher and painter, Leyton made a significant contribution to the academic art domain, and was devoted to the promotion and dissemination of the Mapuche culture and values. Her prolific field work includes annotations, sketches, descriptions and analysis of her research experiences, all of which led to the creation of numerous paintings and documents, including catalogues and an autobiography. Fearing it was endangered in modern times, the artist devotedly dedicated her entire life and work to disseminate Mapuche culture, virtues and worldview. A first biographic review provided a general understanding about the painter’s life, her academic background, gender-related struggles, as well as the influential references that contributed to shape her social and ethical profile, and her visual representations and symbolism. Finally, we discuss a formal and symbolic analysis of a self-portrait, considered as one of her most important art works, and which reveals the true value of her artistic and cultural project
La iglesia palentina de San Pablo: breve estudio sobre sus retablos (siglos xvxvii)
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla (España), Prieto Ustio Ester
Published: January 2021

The church of San Pablo, located in the center of Palencia is a magnificent example to analyze artistic evolution from the 13th to the 18th centuries. With this article, we want to carry out a brief study about five of the altarpieces and tombs that form or were part of the Dominican temple, realized between the 15th and 17th centuries, to verify the importance of this space in the reception of the main European artistic trends developed at the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern Age
PRZEPŁYWY MIESZKAŃCÓW POZNANIA ZWIĄZANE Z AKTYWNOŚCIĄ FIZYCZNĄ
Authors: Bogacka Emilia , Fuhrmann Magdalena
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to present the significance of the recreational space in Poznań for the physical activity of the city’s residents. The factors considered in the study were the following: the range of possibilities for engagement in paid-for and free-of-charge physical activities, the perceived availability of green areas, the favourite places for physical activity and the role of the neighbourhood and flows in this aspect. The paper presents the results of a survey conducted among 1,244 inhabitants of Poznań in 2017. The respondents positively assessed the possibilities of undertaking physical activity in the context of the city/ space offer. The access to various sports was rated positive, among it the paid activities offered were rated higher than free-of-charge ones. The availability of green areas near the place of residence was assessed as good. Two locations, Cytadela Park and Lake Malta with the surrounding green areas, were the most popular for pursuing physical activity.
Essentials of Semantic Syntax
Authors: Seuren Pieter
Published: January 2021

Semantic Syntax (SeSyn), originally called Generative Semantics, is an offshoot of Chomskyan generative grammar (ChoGG), rejected by Chomsky and his school in the late 1960s. SeSyn is the theory of algorithmical grammars producing the well-formed sentences of a language L from the corresponding semantic input, the Semantic Analysis (SA), represented as a traditional tree structure diagram in a specific formal language of incremental predicate logic with quantifying and qualifying operators (including the truth functions), and with all lexical items filled in. A SeSyn-type grammar is thus by definition transformational, but not generative. The SA originates in cognition in a manner that is still largely mysterious, but its actual form can be distilled from the Surface Structure (SS) of the sentences of L following the principles set out in SeSyn. In this presentation we provide a more or less technical résumé of the SeSyn theory. A comparison is made with ChoGG-type grammars, which are rejected on account of their intrinsic unsuitability as a cognitive-realist grammar model. The ChoGG model follows the pattern of a 1930s neopositivist Carnap-type grammar for formal logical languages. Such grammars are random sentence generators, whereas, obviously, (nonpathological) humans are not. A ChoGG-type grammar is fundamentally irreconcilable with a mentalist-realist theory of grammar. The body of the paper consists in  a demonstration of the production of an English and a French sentence, the latter containing a classic instance of the cyclic rule of Predicate Raising (PR), essential in the general theory of clausal complementation yet steadfastly repudiated  in ChoGG for reasons that have never been clarified. The processes and categories defined in SeSyn are effortlessly recognised in languages all over the world, whether indigenous or languages of a dominant culture—taking into account language-specific values for the general theoretical parameters involved. This property makes SeSyn particularly relevant for linguistic typology, which now ranks as the most promising branch of linguistics but has so far conspicuously lacked an adequate theoretical basis.
Preparation of Educational Materials with Integration on the Basis of Archipelagic Islam For the Intermediate Level at the Institute of Islamic Study Ma’arif Metro Lampung
Authors: Amalia Dian Risky , Pratiwi Bety Dwi
Published: January 2021

This study has the objectives, 1- Preparing integrative teaching materials based on Nusantara Islam for intermediate level, 2-Knowing the characteristics of integrative teaching materials based on Nusantara Islam for intermediate level IAIM NU Metro Lampung, 3- Knowing the extent to which the effectiveness of teaching materials is to improve the four skills in Arabic.This research is an experimental research designed by researchers with pre-test and post-test. While the population of this study were second semester students majoring in English Education, and took 18 students. Results of this study are 1. Completion of teaching materials which have the following stages: Initial analysis, preparation of teaching materials, validation of 2 experts, revision of teaching materials, field trials, revision of teaching materials after implementation in the field, final results. Teaching materials compiled by researchers are in (1) Format and layout arrangements, (2) Module content consisting of instructions for use, learning and evaluation activities, (3) the use of language in teaching materials is conversational language, language of expressions / descriptions, and the natural language of the Prophet's hadith. 3. Teaching materials prepared by researchers are good and effective. This is evidenced by the result of t count (5.67) which is greater than the t table at 0.05% degree of error (2.11).
Google Translate in Tarjamah Learning at Arabic Language Education UIN Walisongo Semarang
Authors: Umam Mustolikh Khabibul
Published: January 2021

The development of translator applications in the last decade, has had a significant impact on the results of learning tarjamah to students majoring in Arabic language education (PBA), the ability of translator applications is increasing all the time with improved data retrieval processes and systematic search procedures. A number of Students of PBA UIN Walisongo Semarang consider the application of translation known as Google Translate to be an indispensable tool to save time and effort. However, how this application has a role to play in the process of learning tarjamah. This research is intended to answer the problem: 1) What is the role of Google Translate in the process of translating Arabic text?. 2) What impact does it have on the use of Google Translate apps?. This research is a qualitative research category that is analyzed using statistical techniques with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, questionnaires and also documentation. The data is analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis strategies and qualitative verification. The results showed that Google Translate has a considerable contribution to the translation process of PBA students. The average test results of questionnaires get more than 56% in several categories, namely in terms of intensity of use, function, effectiveness, how to use, impact of use, efficiency, quality, facilities, benefits, disadvantages and advantages. The use of this machine translator also has an impact on students. The results showed 58% for positive impact and 42% for negative impact on the use of internet-based translation application.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DENGAN METODE TUTOR SEBAYA PADA MATERI MATRIKS
Authors: Darmawati Darmawati
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to improve the activities and learning outcomes of students of class XI MIA 3 in SMA Negeri 1 Sekadau in the academic year 2019/2020 on matrix material using peer tutoring methods. This type of research is a classroom action research carried out in 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 4 stages of planning, action implementation, observation and reflection. Retrieval of data through a collection using a collection of observations and learning outcomes are obtained by providing a final test at the end of each cycle. The results of observations for student activity during pre-cycle 67.81% in the first cycle to 76.88% and in the second cycle to 86.46% means that there is an increase of 17.82%. Mathematical learning outcomes from the first cycle increased by 41.00%, while from the first cycle to the second cycle increased by 14.46%. So it can be removed by using the peer tutoring method to increase the activity and learning outcomes of students of class XI MIA 3 of SMA Negeri 1 Sekadau in the academic year 2019/2020 on matrix material.Keywords: activities, learning outcomes of peer tutoring methods, matrix
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA DIKAJI DARI SELF CONFIDENCE
Authors: Putri Tjut Aflianti Eka , Jamiah Yulis , Sayu Sivia
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to describe the mathematical communication skills of students assessed from self confidence in the material system of two-variable linear equations in SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak.  The method in this research is descriptive research method with survey research. The sample of the research were the students of IX A SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak.  Research subjects were 28 students. From the results of the self confidence questionnaire, obtained data of 6 students having a low level of self confidence and 22 students having a high level of self confidence.  In addition to administering questionnaires, students were also given mathematical communication skills test and interview questions.  From the results of tests and interviews obtained written mathematical communication skills of subjects with low levels of self confidence can fulfill one of the four indicators of mathematical communication skills.  While the verbal mathematical communication skills of subjects with low self confidence levels can fulfill two of the four indicators of mathematical communication skills.  In addition, subjects with high levels of self confidence can fulfill all indicators of mathematical communication skills both in writing and verbal.Keywords: Mathematical Communication, Self Confidence
POTENSI BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH PADA MATERI TRIGONOMETRI
Authors: Halimatussa'diah Halimatussa'diah , Sugiatno Sugiatno , Ijuddin Romal
Published: January 2021

Mathematics learning has an essential role in forming and developing students' critical thinking skills. It is in line with the objectives of learning mathematics, which shows a logical, critical, analytical, careful, and thorough, responsible, responsive, and not easily give up in solving problems. Mathematics taught to students has the aim to equip students to have critical abilities. But in reality, the implementation of mathematics learning in schools has not been able to train students' critical thinking skills. This study aims to describe and find out the potential of students' critical thinking in solving problems in trigonometry in high school. The research method used in this research is descriptive with exploratory research. The subjects in this study were 30 subjects. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the potential for students' critical thinking in solving trigonometry problems was medium. Potential students' critical thinking is categorized as being because students have not been able to understand the problem displayed correctly, students have difficulty in giving arguments or reasons for the answers they have stated, students cannot identify and choose relevant information because of the available mathematical models, students have difficulty in giving questions to the information displayed.Keyword: Critical Thinking, Potential, Trigonometry
MISKONSEPSI SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL HIMPUNAN BERDASARKAN TAHAPAN MASON
Authors: Melianti Andy Dwi , Yusmin Edy , Nursangaji Asep
Published: January 2021

There are facts obtained through interviews and observations of students' answers that the VII grade students of SMP LKIA Pontianak are suspected of having misconceptions. Based on theses facts, the purpose of this research is to reveal the form of misconception based on Mason stages and the causes of the misconception. The subjects involved in this research were fifteen students. This research is a case study research with a descriptive method. Data collection tools used modified CRI diagnostic tests and interviews. Based on data analysis, the misconceptions experienced by students in completing set operations consisted of notation misconceptions, generalization and specialization. Researchers found out of the three forms of misconception, the most common is notation misconception. In the problem solving stage according to Mason consists of three stages, namely  entry, attack, and review, students who experience misconceptions in two stages, namely at the entry stage, students experience notation misconceptions and at the review stage, students experience misconceptions of notation, generalization, and specialization. Researchers found the causes of misconceptions consisted of three factors, namely students' associative thinking, incomplete / wrong reasoning, and wrong intuition. Researchers found out of the three forms of misconception, the most common is wrong intuition.            Keyword: Causes of Misconceptions, Mason Stages, Misconceptions
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN DARING BERBANTUAN EDMODO PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Mirza Ade
Published: January 2021

This research is a case study which aims to examine and describe the learning independence, learning outcomes, and student responses to the implementation of lectures with the edmodo-assisted online learning sistem. The subjects of this study were 142 students of the Mathematics education program FKIP Untan Pontianak in 2020 that who programmed the differential calculus course. This research activity in the process involves three senior students as collaborators (research assistants). Lecture practice is carried out by the lecturer who teaches these courses. This research procedure consists of: (1) reviewing the material, preparing research tools and instruments (developing and standardizing instruments). (2) Conducting lectures using the online learning sistem assisted by Edmodo. (3) Distributing questionnaires to obtain independence data, providing learning outcomes tests, and providing questionnaires to get student responses to the implementation of learning - (data collection). (4) Conduct studies and interpretations of the data obtained. (5) Reporting. The results of this study indicate that the learning independence of students in lectures is still not satisfactory. Student responses to the learning sistem were 57.04% giving positive responses, and 42.96% giving negative responses. For learning outcomes, 74.65% were able to achieve a score ≥ 70 and no one got a score less than 60. In this case 57.75% got a B grade and 16.90% got an A. It is clear that learning with the edmodo-assisted online sistem is able to make a fairly good contribution to differential calculus lectures.Key words: Calculus, Independence learning, Mathematics