bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing Caregiver Burden among Families of Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Oyegbile Yemisi Okikiade , Brysiewicz Petra
Published: September 2019

Family caregivers of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) play a significant role in providing substantial care for a prolonged period for their sick relatives, often with very limited resources, making it a difficult environment. Government support for family caregivers of patients with ESRD is lacking in Nigeria, increasing their vulnerability to caregiver burden and its consequences. An action research study using a complimentary mixed-method approach was used to develop the intervention model for managing caregiver burden. Quantitative data were collected to measure the extent of caregiver burden using a Zarit Burden Interview questionnaire for 96 family caregivers, while individual in-depth interviews with 15 participants provided the qualitative data. Integrating the quantitative and qualitative data led to the identification of four moderators to manage the caregiver burden in this study. The model for managing caregiver burden was developed from the findings, using stressors and associated moderators of caregiving, and the role played by culture and finance in this context. An implementation checklist was developed, which was used by registered nurses to implement the concepts in the model with the family caregivers during the model implementation phase. Family caregivers of patients with ESRD need to be supported by nurses during the caregiving process. Nurses can increase caregivers’ identity and knowledge of the disease as a way of preventing the family caregivers from being overwhelmed by their caregiving role.
The Ancient Egyptians’ “Religious World”: The Foundation of Egyptian Law
Authors: Van Blerk Nico
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to indicate the importance of religion in ancient Egypt and to indicate that this was the foundation for ancient Egyptian law. In order to understand ancient Egyptian law, it is important to understand the role of religion as background to its development. Religion played an important role in the ancient Egyptians’ understanding of their world, specifically the belief in maat. Religion, and specifically maat, influenced everything they did. Their whole life and the way they operated as a society was based on the principles of maat, since living in accordance with maat would ensure eternal life, life after death. It was essentially maat which made law necessary in ancient Egypt.
Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy for Analysis of Chemical Composition of Combustion Generated Particulate Matter
Authors: Mahamuni Gaurav , Rutherford Jay , Davis Justin , Molnar Eric , Posner Jonathan D. , Seto Edmund , Korshin Gregory V. , Novosselov Igor V.
Published: September 2019

Analysis of particulate matter (PM) is critical for the assessment of human exposures to potentially harmful agents, notably combustion-generated PM; specifically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in them and associated with carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. In this study, we quantify the presence and concentrations of PAHs with low molecular weight (LMW) and higher molecular weight (HMW) in combustion-generated PM using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. PM samples were generated in a laminar diffusion inverted gravity flame reactor (IGFR) operated on Ethylene and Ethane. Fuel dilution by Ar in 0% to 90% range controls the flame temperature, the maximum flame temperature decreases with fuel dilution. The colder flames result in lower PM yields; however, the PM PAH content increases significantly. Temperature thresholds for PM transition from low to high organic carbon content were characterized based on the maximum flame temperature (1814K-1864K) and highest soot luminosity region temperature (1600K-1650K). Principal component regression (PCR) analysis of the EEM spectra correlates to GCMS data, R2 values of 0.98 for LMW and 0.99 for HMW PAHs. The agreement demonstrates that EEM analysis can be used to determine relative concentrations of organic carbon and PAH fractions in combustion PM, and can be related to PM health effects and used in the environmental studies.
Synthesis and Initial Pharmacology of Heterobivalent Ligands Targeting Putative Complexes of Integrin αVβ3 and PAR2
Authors: Majewski Mark , Gandhi Disha , Holyst Trudy , Wang Zhengli , Hernandez Irene , Rosas, Jr. Ricardo , Subramaniam Saravanan , Zhu Jieqing , Weiler Hartmut , Dockendorff Chris
Published: September 2019

Unpublished data from our labs led us to hypothesize that activated Protein C (aPC) may initiate an anti-inflammatory signal in endothelial cells by modulating both the integrin αVβ3 and Protease-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR2), which may exist in close proximity on the cellular surface. To test this hypothesis and to probe the possible inflammation-related pathway, we designed and synthesized heterobivalent ligands composed of modified versions of two αVβ3 ligands and two agonists of PAR2. These novel ligands were connected via copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloadditions with polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacers of variable length. Initial in vitro pharmacology with EA.hy926 and HUVEC endothelial cells indicated that these bivalent ligands are effective binders of αVβ3 and potent agonists of PAR2. These bivalent ligands were also used in preliminary studies investigating their effects on PAR2 signaling in the presence of inflammatory agents, and represent the first examples of ligands targeting both PARs and integrins.
Four-Step Access to the Sesquiterpene Natural Product Presilphiperfolan-1β-ol and Unnatural Derivatives via Supramolecular Catalysis
Authors: Syntrivanis Leonidas-Dimitrios , Levi Shani , Prescimone Alessandro , Major Dan Thomas , Tiefenbacher Konrad
Published: September 2019

Herein we report the shortest synthesis of the tricyclic sesquiterpene presilphiperfolan-1β-ol to date, utilizing the supramolecular resorcinarene capsule as catalyst for the key step. This synthetic approach also allows access to unnatural derivatives of the natural product, which would not be accessible through the biosynthetic machinery. Additionally, this study provides useful insight into the biosynthesis of the presilphiperfolanol natural products, including the first direct experimental evidence for the proposed biosynthetic connection between caryophyllene and the presilphiperfolanols.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN TERJEMAHAN UNGKAPAN YANG MENGANDUNG SIKAP SEKSIS ANTARA TOKOH LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL RONGGENG DUKUH PARUK
Authors: Manggarrani Maria Dita
Published: September 2019

Abstract This research aims to identify the translation techniques which are used to translate utterances containing sexist attitudes on men and women characters in Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Novel. The researcher also aims to find the translation shift that occured as a result of the translation techniques usage. To analyze the data, the researcher used some analysis steps: taxonomy analysis, componential analysis, and the cultural value analysis. The result shows that there are 14 techniques found. The translator tends to use established equivalent for both men and women characters. Discursive creation and transposition produced translation shift. This shift occured once on the utterances toward men and women. Keywords: Translation; translation techniques; translation shift, sexist attitudes; sexism
The Trans-Tasman Therapeutic Products Authority: Potential AUSFTA Impacts on Safety and Cost-Effectiveness Regulation for Medicines and Medical Devices in New Zealand
Authors: Faunce Thomas A , Johnston Kellie , Bambrick Hilary
Published: September 2019

Australia and New Zealand have agreed in principle to the creation of a single agency for the regulation of pharmaceuticals and other therapeutic products in a trans-Tasman market.  The Australia New Zealand Therapeutic Products Authority (ANZTPA) is being developed to replace both the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and the New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority (Medsafe).  This article explores the possibility that the ANZTPA, by inheriting significant obligations imposed on the TGA under the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA), may significantly impact upon the regulation of medicines and medical devices (as well as blood products) in New Zealand.  It explores the related legal obligations and their likely consequences for New Zealand: particularly quality, safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness evaluation processes in this area, such as those of the New Zealand Pharmaceutical Management Agency (Pharmac).
Reconsidering Domestic Sale of Goods Remedies in Light of the CISG
Authors: Whittington Nicholas
Published: September 2019

This article suggests that New Zealand should overhaul the remedies available for breach of sale of goods contracts.  It argues that the Sale of Goods Act 1908 should be repealed and the principles and provisions of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 (CISG) should be adopted in its place. This would have the effect of eliminating the unnecessary distinction currently made between domestic and international sale of goods, and finally ridding the law of the condition-warranty distinction which has become out of date and leads to uncertainty and injustice.  It is argued that the provisions of the CISG better respond to the transportation and communication costs and distances involved in international sales, considerations which are not insignificant in trade within New Zealand and, consequently, justify a similar approach domestically.
Criminal Punishment Without Civil Rights: The Criminal Proceeds and Instruments Bill's Punitive Civil Sanctions
Authors: Wright Peter
Published: September 2019

This article critiques the Criminal Proceeds and Instruments Bill 2005 which introduces a civil forfeiture regime for the proceeds of serious criminal offending. By using a civil forfeiture regime, many of the protections normally granted to criminal defendants are not available, which makes successful action by the State easier. This article argues that the Bill's civil forfeiture regime risks seriously abrogating individuals' rights, including those arising from the requirement for proof beyond a reasonable doubt and the prohibitions on double jeopardy and retrospective punishment. The article concludes that the confiscation of criminals' assets should take place within the criminal justice system to ensure that there are proper protections for defendants.
Foreword
Authors: Maxwell Maurice
Published: September 2019

This is the foreword for the special issue, The Pacific and Europe: The 50th Jubilee of the European Communities.
Le Statut Communautaire de la Polynésie Française
Authors: Gudin Charles-Etienne
Published: September 2019

From the point of view of France, French Polynesia is an integral part of the French Republic but it does have a certain degree of political autonomy.  From the point of view of European Community law, French Polynesia has a special status under the Part 4 of the EC Treaty.  That Part confers on French Polynesia the benefit of a special relationship with the European Union.  In addition French law considers that those living overseas are all French citizens and therefore have under the EC Treaty the status of European citizen.  In this paper the author considers the nature of the association of the French territories to the European Union that is provided in the Treaty and notes that it is not radically different from that provided in the Cotonou Agreement.  Working from that point the article investigates whether the provisions of Part 4 alone apply to the overseas territories and seeks to identify the true range of the application of community law to the overseas territories.
Going Nowhere in a Hurry? The Pacific's EPA Negotiations with the European Union
Authors: Kelsey Jane
Published: September 2019

This paper explores the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) negotiation process of the EU-ACP with a focus on the Pacific region. To comply with the requirements of the Cotonou Agreement 2000 and the requirements of the WTO EPAs must be negotiated before 2008. They will replace the trade arrangements between the EU and the ACP States pursuant to the Cotonou Agreement 2000. The Pacific states have proposed a creative EPA text to address their concerns about the effects of any new agreement with the EU. Professor Kelsey's view is that the Pacific 'wish list' contains two intrinsic tensions : one between its trade liberalisation and development agendas, and the other between the affirmation of sovereign integrity and supranational institutional arrangements. Moreover, the EU and the Pacific states have different trade interests and the demands made by the Pacific states have largely been rejected by the EU. The conclusion is that the production of a final text of the Pacific EPA is not imminent.This paper was written prior to the military coup in Fiji on 5 December 2006 and does not discuss the significant implications of that event for the negotiations.
The Relevance of the European Consumer Protection Law for the Development of the European Contract Law
Authors: Schurr Francesco A
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with the interaction of consumer law and contract law in the European Union. Over the last two decades the European legislature has adopted many legislative measures in the field of consumer protection that were designed to strengthen the single market and to avoid distortion of competition. Thus the European legislature tried to approximate or harmonise consumer protection standards within the European Community and consequently created a new layer of supranational contract law which now coexists with the traditional national contract law regimes. The paper assesses the various types of contract law on the international, supranational and national levels and discusses the problems arising from the fact that the contract law in the European Community is so diverse. Directive 2005/29/EC on Unfair Business-to-Consumer Commercial Practices is discussed as a very prominent recent product of European Community consumer legislation. The paper points out how the development of European consumer law serves as a catalyst for the further development of a genuine European contract law.
Refugee Status in Japan: Change of Judicial Practice in the Democratic State
Authors: Arakaki Osamu
Published: September 2019

This article considers the practice of Japanese courts in determining appeals to administrative determinations of refugee status in the 1980s and 1990s. Contrasting Japanese practice with that of New Zealand, the author highlights how the approach taken by the Japanese courts was characterised by conservatism and unwillingness to consider international jurisprudence. The author discusses how Japanese judges have appeared unfamiliar with internationally acceptedconcepts of refugee law, and also reveals that in the practice of the 1980s and 1990s attorneys were insufficiently knowledgeable about refugee law. The author concludes by discussing ways in which Japanese practice has evolved since 2000, and considers some possible reasons for this development.
Preface
Authors: McLachlan Campbell
Published: September 2019

This is the preface to the special symposium issue on International Law and Democratic Theory.
Employment Rights in an Era of Individualised Employment
Authors: Anderson Gordon
Published: September 2019

On 7 August 2007, Gordon Anderson delivered his inaugural lecture after becoming a professor in the Law Faculty of Victoria University of Wellington. Gordon took as his theme the protection of employees employed on an individual contract of employment. Following the repeal of the award system by the Employment Contracts Act 1991 the majority of New Zealand employees ceased to be covered by collectively negotiated instruments. Instead the contract of employment became dominant. The lecture argued that the common law contract of employment provides little protection for employees. Instead protection depends on some critical statutory interventions that provide a degree of balance within the employment relationship. While not perfect, these protections may be the best that can be expected in the real world of employment.
Legal Autopoiesis and the Capital/Revenue Distinction
Authors: Ding Wai Boh
Published: September 2019

This paper attempts to use the theory of legal autopoiesis to understand the struggle the courts have experienced when asked to decide tax cases involving the capital/revenue distinction, which is a distinction that could not be determined by any criteria. The theory of legal autopoiesis, as propounded by Niklas Luhmann, posits that the legal system, as an autopoietic system within society, produces and reproduces its own elements self-referentially and recursively. The legal system operates according to its code, which comprises the values 'legal/illegal'. The code is complemented and filled by programmes, which must be suitable and help to allocate the values in particular situations. However, if there are no programmes, how does the legal system allocate the values? The lack of a definite set of rules that can be used in tax cases to determine whether an item is capital or revenue in nature means that there is no programme according to which the legal system can allocate the values. This lack exposes a critical weakness in Luhmann's theory of legal autopoiesis.
Critique of the Criminalisation of Sexual HIV Transmission
Authors: Evans Amelia
Published: September 2019

This paper considers the extent to which people living with HIV or AIDS are liable for sexual conduct under New Zealand criminal law. After examining the ways in which the Crimes Act 1961 could be seen to criminalise sexual HIV transmission and exposure, this paper identifies two areas in which the existing law could be clarified and improved. First, by requiring a threshold "material level of risk" to be met before criminal liability is triggered and secondly by providing for disclosure as a defence where the threshold level of risk has been crossed. Clarification will ensure those people living with HIV and AIDS can knowingly act within the law. Once certainty of the law has been established, only then will social critique be viable.
Sir John Salmond and Maori Land Tenure
Authors: Boast Richard P
Published: September 2019

This chapter is deals with Salmond's engagement with Maori land issues, principally in his capacity as counsel to the Law Drafting Office and while Solicitor-General. Salmond appears to have had firm views on the extent of Native title in New Zealand, arguing either that all land vested in dominium in the Crown on the acquisition of British sovereignty, or, as a kind of fall-back position, that there were at least some parts of the Dominion, such as navigable lakes or the foreshore, where native title could not be asserted in any circumstances, not even in the Native Land Court. While it is tempting to conclude that Salmond's views were nothing more than the orthodoxy of the day, this paper argues that matters were more contested than is sometimes thought. Salmond developed considerable expertise in the technicalities of Maori land law, an expertise developed initially in the drafting of the Native Lands Bill of 1909 and which is reflected in various opinions he prepared while Solicitor-General and in his famous dissenting judgment in Boyd v Mayor of Wellington.
Eulogy for the Lord Cooke of Thorndon
Authors: Elias Sian
Published: September 2019

This eulogy was given at the funeral of Lord Cooke of Thorndon at St Paul's Cathedral, Wellington on 4 September 2006.
Robin Cooke, Human Rights and the Pacific Dimension
Authors: Kirby Michael
Published: September 2019

Lord Cooke's life as lawyer and judge was astonishing in its achievements. The author traces his counter-cultural embrace of notions of human rights both in case decisions and in scholarly articles. He describes Lord Cooke's approach to judging – a mixture of orthodoxy and radical new ideas. He describes his contribution to the emergence of a distinctive New Zealand jurisprudence, curiously asserted in advance of the termination of Privy Council appeals and before similar "liberation" in Australia. The author concludes with a reminder of Lord Cooke's prediction of a "common law of the world". He suggests that building an effective regional human rights mechanism for the Pacific would be a timely and practical contribution to that ideal.
Simplicity and Innovation in the Law of Equity and Trusts: the Cooke Era
Authors: Butler Andrew S
Published: September 2019

This essay explores the contribution that Robin Cooke and his erstwhile colleagues on the Court of Appeal bench made in the field of equity and trusts.  The survey of key equity and trusts cases of the Cooke era demonstrates a commitment to principle, with an emphasis on the purpose of individual equitable and trusts doctrines and a close examination of the individual facts of each case.  The result is that the law of equity and trusts is now more principled in focus and simpler to state.
Plaintiff Culpability and the New Zealand Tort of Invasion of Privacy
Authors: Tat Lisa
Published: September 2019

The tort of invasion of privacy is still a relatively new cause of action in New Zealand, which means that there are many novel issues that the courts will face in future cases that require consideration. One such issue is that of plaintiff culpability. While the concept is not entirely novel, it is yet to be examined in depth. The concept was discussed in the High Court decision of Andrews v TVNZ and the case forms the basis of analysis in this article. Drawing on case law from New Zealand and the United Kingdom the article examines the concept of plaintiff culpability and determines what it means and how it should be considered in an invasion of privacy action. The facts of Andrews v TVNZ are revisited to illustrate how the results of the analysis might be applied in future cases.
Book Review: Company and Securities Law in New Zealand
Authors: Brown David
Published: September 2019

This is a book review of John Farrar (ed) Company and Securities Law in New Zealand (Brookers, Wellington, 2008).
The New Zealand Model of Free Association: What does it Mean for New Zealand
Authors: Quentin-Baxter Alison
Published: September 2019

Using Professor Angelo's work in Tokelau as a starting point, Alison Quentin-Baxter examines the model of "free association" relationship that New Zealand has with the Cook Islands and with Niue, and was also to be the basis of Tokelauan self-government. She looks at both the legal and practical obligations that such relationships place on both parties, but particularly on New Zealand.  The form of the model means the basis for New Zealand's obligations to an associated state are quite different from its provision of aid to other states.
Perbandingan Koefisien Kekuatan Relatif dan Umur Rencana Perkerasan Jalan Lapis Aus (AC-WC) menggunakan BNA Blend 75/25 dan Aspal Pen 60/70
Authors: Widianto Barkah Wahyu
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAKBNA Blend 75/25 merupakan jenis aspal modifikasi baru di Indonesia. Sampai saat ini, penggunaan BNA tersebut belum banyak dilaksanakan pada pekerjaan jalan di Indonesia. Jalan Alternatif Nagreg Jawa Barat merupakan proyek pertama jalan nasional yang menggunakan BNA Blend pada lapisan perkerasannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kinerja perkerasan jalan menggunakan BNA Blend 75/25 dengan Aspal Konvensional (Pen 60/70) dari aspek koefisien kekuatan relatif (𝑎) campuran beraspal dan Umur Rencana berdasarkan analisis struktur perkerasan Metode Bina Marga. Uji laboratorium dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik aspal, agregat dan campuran beraspal dengan keluaran berupa nilai Modulus Resillient yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai a dan Umur Rencana. Perkerasan jalan yang menggunakan BNA Blend 75/25 menghasilkan nilai 𝑎 3,7 % lebih besar dan Umur Rencana 1 tahun lebih lama dibandingkan dengan aspal Pen 60/70.Kata kunci: koefisien kekuatan relatif, Umur Rencana, BNA Blend 75/25.  ABSTRACTBNA Blend 75/25 is a new type of asphalt modification in Indonesia. Until recently, the use of BNA Blend 75/25 has not been widely implemented on road construction in Indonesia. Alternatif Road, Nagreg - West Java was the first national road project which applied the BNA Blend to the pavement layer. This research aimed to compare the performance of pavement using the BNA Blend 75/25 to the conventional asphalt (Pen 60/70). Coefficient of relative strength (𝑎), and design life were generated as a result of pavement structural analysis based on Bina Marga method. For this purpose, laboratory tests were conducted to determine the characteristics of aggregates, both types of asphalts and asphalt mixtures with the output of resillient modulus value. Furthermore, the modulus value was used to calculate the a-value and design life of each type of asphalt. Pavement with BNA blend produced a-value and design life 3.7% higher, and one-year longer than pavement with asphalt Pen 60/70, respectively.Keywords: coefficient of relative strength, design life, BNA Blend 75/25
Citra Visual Koridor Kawasan Kota Lama Semarang Ditinjau Dari Potensi Wisata Edukasi Arsitektur Heritage
Authors: Virdianti Eka , Vatrina Septya Ayu , Angkasa Ditia Permata
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAKKawasan Kota Lama Semarang pada zaman dahulu merupakan sebuah benteng yang dibangun oleh Kolonial. Perkembangan masa kini beralih menjadi sebuah kawasan dengan beragam fungsi dan memiliki nilai arsitektural yang dikatakan sebagai kawasan cagar budaya. Koridor jalan Letjen Soeprapto merupakan salah satu koridor utama yang memiliki tatanan bangunan yang khas dengan kuantitas yang cukup banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis rancangan koridor jalan Letjen Suprapto di Kawasan Kota Lama Semarang ditinjau dari potensi wisata edukasi arsitektur heritage. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan kualitatif dengan studi kasus. Pengambilan data melalui observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Metoda analisis digunakan dengan metode deskripsi. Hasil kesimpulan terlihat pemerintah kota Semarang telah melihat potensi wisata yang ada pada Kota Lama Semarang dengan menjadikan “world destination”. Koridor Jl. Letjen Soeprapto dirancang sebagai zona 1-culture sebagai pusat informasi kawasan Kota Lama. Pada koridor Jl. Letjen Soeprapto terdapat 39 bangunan dan 30 merupakan langgam heritage,5 bangunan merupakan high priority buiding. Hal tersebut menjadi potensi dalam wisata edukasi arsitektur heritage khususnya pada aspek visual lingkage, konsep kontras, ornamen langgam yang dapat menjadi wisata dan sumber edukasi arsitektur heritage.Kata kunci: citra visual, potensi wisata edukasi arsitektur, heritage ABSTRACTKota lama Semarang was once a defensive bastion built by the Colonials. Throughout the years, this area is consisted by buildings with various of functions and is categorized as a cultural and heritage conservation area as its esteemed architectural value. Jalan letjend soeprapto is the main corridor of Kota Lama Semarang and has its own distinctive mass-blocking arrangement with great quantities. This research is purposed to analyse the corridor design of Jl. letjen Soeprapto considered by the potential of heritage architecture educational excursions. This research uses qualitative method and case studies with data compilations of observations, documentations, and interviews, and uses descriptive analysis method. Eventually, the Semarang government has a vision to actualize Kota Lama Semarang as a world tourist destination and design the corridor of jalan letjend soeprapto as the zona 1 - cultural as the information center of Kota Lama Semarang. In the corridor Jl. letjen Soeprapto there were 39 buildings and 30 is a heritage style, the building is a high priority 5 buiding. It became potential in educational excursions architectural heritage, especially the visual aspect Linkage, the concept of contrast, ornamenal style that can be a source of educational exsursions and architectural heritageKeywords: visual image, potential of heritage architecture educational excursions, heritage
Pengaruh Variasi Radius-Dalam Rim Terhadap Pengurangan Massa dan Momen Inersia Massa Dengan Studi Kasus Benda Putar Berdiameter 10 cm
Authors: Firmansjah Eka Taufiq
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAK Mesin terdiri dari sekumpulan elemen mesin yang diam dan bergerak. Elemen mesin yang bergerak dengan gerakan berputar disebut benda putar. Pada beberapa kasus seringkali diinginkan pengurangan massa dari benda putar tersebut untuk alasan ekonomis, biasanya untuk elemen mesin yag diproduksi massal. Namun pengurangan massa berakibat pada pengurangan momen inersia massa benda putar bersangkutan. Jika tuntutan perancangan tidak mempermasalahkan perubahan tersebut, maka pengurangan massa tidak menjadi masalah. Namun jika momen inersia massa tidak boleh terlalu rendah, maka harus dicari kompromi dimana pengurangan massa sebesar-besarnya namun penurunan momen inersia massa sekecil-kecilnya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi kasus terhadap benda putar berjari- jari 10 cm jari-jari dalam hub 2 cm dan jari-jari luar hub 4 cm. Jumlah jari-jari ada 4 dengan lebar 1 cm dan tebal benda putar 0,5 cm. Variasi pengurangan massa dilakukan dengan memvariasikan jari-jari- dalam rim. Untuk tiap variasi, dilakukan perhitungan untuk mendapatkan jumlah massa yang dapat dikurangi dan momen inersia massa dari benda putar. Ternyata pada nilai jari-jari dalam tertentu, dapat diperoleh nilai kompromi dari permasalahan diatas. Kata kunci: benda putar, penghematan bahan, momen inersia massa.  ABSTRACT Machine consists of a set of machine elements that still and moving. Machine elements that move in a circular motion called rotary object. In some cases it is often desirable reduction in the mass of the rotating object for economic reasons, usually for a mass production of machine elements. But the mass reduction results in a reduction in moment of inertia of the mass. If the demands of the design allow this decrease of moment of inertia, mass reduction is not a problem. But if the moment of inertia of the masses should not be too low, it must find a compromise in which a mass reduction profusely but the decrease in the mass moment of inertia of the smallest. In this research conducted a case study of rotating element radius of 10 cm, radius of the hub 2 cm and outer radius hub 4 cm. The number of spoke are 4 with a width of 1 cm and uniform thickness 0.5 cm all over rotating element. Variations mass reduction is done by varying the inner radius of the rim. For each variation, calculation is performed to obtain the amount of mass that can be reduced and the mass moment of inertia of the rotating object. It turned out that in the certain value of inner radius of the rim in particular, can compromise the values obtained from the above problem. Keywords: rotating element, reducing material, mass moment of inertia.
Tinjauan Aksesibilitas pada Fasilitas Umum bagi Pengunjung dengan Alat Bantu Berjalan Studi Kasus Mall Bandung Indah Plaza
Authors: Zein Anastasha Oktavia Sati
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAKSemua manusia membutuhkan kemudahan dalam mencapai suatu tempat, terutama bagi orang yang memakai alat bantu berjalan. Fasilitas ini sebaiknya terdapat tidak hanya dilingkungan dimana mereka hidup sehari – hari tetapi juga harus di sediakan pada bangunan umum seperti aktifitas bekerja dan aktifitas rekreasi. Kemudahan aksesibilitas pada fasilitas umum ini memungkinkan pengunjung dengan alat bantu berjalan untuk bersosialisasi dengan orang lain diluar dari lingkungan keluarganya.Katakunci: Aksesibilitas, Pengguna Alat Bantu Berjalan, Pusat Pertokoan ABSTRACTEverybody needs facility to reach every place with ease, especially to those who require walking aids. This facility not only be found in their surroundings but also provided in the public facility such as work place and recreation activity. The easiness accessibility in the public facility allows visitors with walking aids to socialize with others outside their surroundings.Keywords: Accessibillity, Walking Aids User, Mall
Peningkatan Effisiensi Elektrik Modul Surya Menggunakan Bahan Berubah Fasa dan Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
Authors: Hidayat Fery , Indartono Yuli Setyo , Suwono Aryadi
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAKPemanfaatan Modul Surya (Photovoltaic-PV) untuk membangkitkan daya elektrik terkendala oleh efisiensi yang masih rendah. Efisiensi elektrik tersebut juga akan turun seiring dengan peningkatan temperatur sel PV selama PV beroperasi. Penggunaan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) sebagai bahan berubah fasa (Phase Change Material-PCM) bertujuan untuk menghambat kenaikan temperatur sel-PV, sedangkan untuk mendapatkan daya maksimum dengan menggunakan Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Jurnal ini memuat hasil pengujian penggunaan PCM dan MPPT untuk meningkatkan efisiensi elektrik PV, dan dari hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi antara PCM dan MPPT pada PV mampu meningkatkan efisiensi PV secara sigifikan dari 9,64% menjadi  16,27%.Kata kunci: Modul surya (PV), Bahan Berubah Fasa (PCM), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). ABSTRACT Utilization of Photovoltaic-PV to generates electric power is constrained by low efficiencies of the PV system. The electrical efficiensies will decrease by increasing PV cells temperature during operations. Crude Palm Oil as Phase Change Material (PCM) are used to prevent temperature rising of PV cells, wherease to get the maximum power of PV by using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). This journal coutains the result of testing the use of PCM and MPPT can improve electrical efficienciy of PV, and from the test result showed used both PCM and MPPT on PV is able to improve electrical efficiency around 9.64% to 16.27 %.Keywords: Photovoltaic-P), Phase Change Material (PCM), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT).
Perancangan Siklus Rankine Organik Untuk Pemanfaatan Gas Buang Pada PLTU di Indonesia
Authors: Azis M Mohammad
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAKEnergi merupakan kebutuhan pada kehidupan manusia. Sumber energi fossil yang digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi semakin lama semakin menipis. Sehingga diperlukan sumber energi alternatif atau peningkatan efisiensi dalam pemanfaatan energi. Panas buang merupakan salah satu sumber energi alternatif. Pemanfaatan panas buang salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan siklus rankine organik. PLTU memiliki panas buang yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan. Temperatur gas buang pada PLTU yang rata-rata sebesar 150 oC. Proses perancangan dilakukan untuk memanfaatkan panas buang hasil pembakaran. Hasil perancangan sistem siklus rankine organik mampu menghasilkan daya sebesar 6053 kW (R142b), 5705 kW (R123), dan 5502 (Isopentane) serta efisiensi sebesar 18.54%, 18.51%, dan 17.85% untuk fluida kerja R142b, R123, dan Isopentane.Kata kunci: siklus rankine organik, gas buang, panas sisa ABSTRACTEnergy is needeed for human life. Fossil energy which used to fulfill our needs is diminished. So, alternative energy source is used. Waste heat are one of a kind energy alternative source. Organic rankine cycle can be used to utilitze waste heat. Coal power plant which have flue gas to utilized. Average flue gas temperature in coal power plant are 150 oC. Design process to utilize waste heat has been conducted. The power produced in the system are 6053 kW, 5705 kW, and 5502 kWalso the efficiency are 18.54%, 18,51%, and 17,85% for working fluid R142b, R123, and Isopentane respectively.Keyword: organic rankine cycle, waste heat, flue gas
Pengembangan Aplikasi Partisipatif Ruang Terbuka Hijau Wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Sumarno - , Indrianawati -
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAKProporsi Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) pada suatu wilayah ditargetkan minimal 30% dari luas wilayah kota. Kenyataannya pemerintah kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat belum ada yang dapat memenuhi target tersebut. Dalam rangka memfasilitasi pemerintah kabupaten/kota untuk memenuhi target RTH, Dinas Permukiman dan Perumahan Provinsi Jawa Barat telah membangun sistem informasi RTH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi RTH yang telah dibangun dengan menyusun database RTH kabupaten/kota di Jawa Barat dalam aplikasi berbasis webGIS dan tersedia informasi mengenai Rencana Detail Tata Ruang kabupaten/kota di Jawa Barat yang dapat menjadi instrumen inventarisasi dan pengelolaan data mengenai RTH di Jawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi yang telah terbangun adalah fusebox. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah berupa aplikasi partisipatif berbasis webGIS yang dapat diakses oleh publik secara online.Kata kunci: Ruang Terbuka Hijau, aplikasi partisipatif, webSIGABSTRACTProportion of Green Open Space in a region is targeted at least 30% of city area. The regency/city government in West Java Province has not been able to meet that target. In order to facilitate regency/city governments to meet the target of green open space, Department of Housing and Settlement in Province West Java has built an information system on green open space. This research aims to develop information system of green open space that has been built by arranging green open space database of regency/city in West Java in webGIS based application and provide information about Spatial Plan Details of regency/city in West Java which can be instrument to inventory and management of data about green open space in West Java. The method used to develop applications that have been built is fusebox. The results obtained are a web-based participatory application that can be accessed by the public online.Keywords: Green Open Space, participatory application, webGIS
Analisis Luas dan Volume Sedimen pada Kanal Intake untuk Menjaga Ketersediaan Pasokan Air (Studi Kasus : PLTGU Muara Tawar, Bekasi Utara)
Authors: Arianto Juli , Perbani N. M. R. Ratih C. , Kusumah M. F. P.
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAKPLTGU Muara Tawar merupakan salah satu pembangkit listrik yang menggunakan air laut untuk proses pendinginannya. Air laut tersebut disalurkan melalui kanal intake di mana sedimen yang berada di kanal intake akan mempengaruhi pasokan air. Untuk itu dalam menjaga ketersediaan pasokan air pada kanal intake perlu diketahui luas dan volume sedimennya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui drying height pada saat air terendah, pola penyebaran sedimen, perubahan luas sedimen, kondisi kedalaman kritis, dan perubahan volume air dan sedimen antara Maret 2013 dan Desember 2014. Data yang digunakan berupa data posisi permukaan sedimen dan pasut pada Bulan Maret-April 2013 dan Desember 2014. Pada tahun 2013 didapatkan informasi bahwa pasokan air yang tersedia hanya 32,75% sementara di tahun 2014 hanya 32,69% dari syarat aman. Dengan demikian untuk memenuhi syarat aman pasokan air maka sedimen sampai 6 meter di bawah MSL yang harus dikeruk baik di tahun 2013 maupun 2014 sebesar lebih dari 60%.Kata kunci: kanal intake, sedimen, pasokan airABSTRACTPLTGU Muara Tawar is one of the power plants that use sea water as a coolant. The sea water is channeled through the intake canal where sediments in it will affect the water supply. For maintaining the water supply in intake canal it is necesssary to have an information about sediment area and volume. This study schemes are to determine the drying height at lowest low water, sediment distribution, changes in sediment area, critical depth condition, and changes in the volume and sediment beetween March 2013 and December 2014. The data used are the position of the sediment surface and the tide height on March to April 2013 and Desember 2014. It is obtained that for safety requirements the water supply left only 32,75% in 2013 and reduced to 32,69% in 2014. So, to achieve the safety requirements of water supply in 2013 and 2014 the sediment ought to be dredged more than 60% from 6 meter below MSL base.Keywords: intake canal, sediment, water supply
Kajian Perhitungan Beban Pencemaran Sungai Cisangkuy di Cekung Bandung dari Sektor Pertanian
Authors: Sampe Hisky Robinson , Juwana Iwan , Marganingrum Dyah
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAKSungai Cisangkuy merupakan bagian dari anak sungai Citarum Hulu yang terdapat di kawasan Cekungan Bandung, yang melewati wilayah administrasi Kabupaten Bandung. Aktivitas manusia seperti kegiatan pertanian mempengaruhi kualitas air yaitu berpotensi memberikan beban pencemaran BOD, TSS, Total N dan Total P di Sungai Cisangkuy. Penelitian tentang beban pencemaran dilakukan karena tidak tersedianya informasi mengenai daya tampung beban pencemaran dari sektor pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah beban pencemaran yang masuk ke Sungai Cisangkuy, sehingga melalui penelitian ini akan diketahui besaran beban pencemaran yang masuk ke Sungai Cisangkuy khususnya dari sektor pertanian. Analisis kualitas air dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode indeks pencemaran. Perhitungan potensi beban pencemaran dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan faktor emisi. Beban pencemaran eksisting kemudian dibandingkan dengan beban pencemaran maksimum yang digunakan sebagai baku mutu daya tampung beban pencemaran sungai. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa trend pencemaran sungai Cisangkuy cenderung meningkat dari tahun 2012-2015. Indeks Pencemaran Sungai Cisangkuy masuk dalam kategori Cemar Sedang dengan nilai 7,07, dan beban pencemaran total dari sektor pertanian bernilai 1,55 ton/hari.Kata kunci: Cisangkuy, Indeks Pencemaran, Pertanian, Beban PencemaranABSTRACTCisangkuy River is part of the upstream Citarum tributary in the area of Bandung Basin, which passes the administrative area of Bandung regency. Human activities such as agricultural activities affect the quality of water that potentially provide pollution load BOD, TSS, Total N and Total P in the Cisangkuy River. Research on pollution load is needed because the inavailability of information about pollution load capacity from agriculture sector. This study aims to determine the amount of pollution load being discharged into the Cisangkuy River from agricultural sector. Water quality analysis is done by using pollution index method. Calculation of potential pollution load is done by using the emission factor approach. Existing pollution loads are then compared with the maximum pollution loads used as the quality standard of river pollution load capacity. The results show that pollution of the river Cisangkuy tends to increase from the year 2012-2015. The Cisangkuy River Pollution Index is categorized as 7.07, and the total pollution load from the agricultural sector is 1.55 tons / day.Keywords: Cisangkuy, Pollution Index, Agricultural, Pollutant Load
Pengaruh Fenomena El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Terhadap Peningkatan Ozon Troposferik di Indonesia
Authors: Qonitan Fatimah Dinan
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAKOzon troposferik merupakan polutan sekunder yang bersifat racun bagi manusia. Beberapa penelitian menemukan terjadinya peningkatan konsentrasi ozon di troposfer selama periode El Nino pada tahun 1997/1998 dan 2006 di Indonesia. Studi ini berisi kajian dan sintesis berbagai literatur ilmiah untuk mengetahui aspek-aspek yang mempengaruhi peningkatan konsentrasi ozon troposferik di periode tersebut. Peningkatan ozon rata-rata diketahui dengan membandingkan konsentrasi latar belakang total ozon pada tahun-tahun normal dengan periode El Nino 1997/1998 dan 2006. Peningkatan ozon terutama terjadi di musim kering pada periode El Nino, ketika terjadi penurunan tingkat presipitasi yang signifikan dan kebakaran hutan besar di Indonesia. Pada El-Nino 1997/1998 terjadi anomali positif konsentrasi ozon troposferik sebesar 10-20 DU, sedangkan pada El-Nino 2006 sebesar 10-15 DU. Peristiwa kebakaran hutan ini mengemisikan prekursor pembentuk ozon (O3) dalam jumlah besar, diantaranya adalah karbon monoksida (CO) dan Nitrogen Oksida (NOx).Kata kunci: El Nino, ENSO, Indonesia, Kebakaran, Tropospheric OzoneABSTRACTTropospheric ozone is a secondary pollutant that is toxic to humans. Several studies have found an increase in ozone concentration in the troposphere during periods of 1997/1998 and 2006 El Nino in Indonesia. This study intends to review and synthesize earlier research to determine important aspects affecting increase of tropospheric ozone concentration during those period. Average tropospheric ozone increase was estimated by subtracting the background concentration of total ozone during the normal years on 1997/1998 and 2006 El Nino periods. Significant increase tropospheric ozone mostly occurred in the dry season during the El Nino periods when the precipitation decreased significantly and extensive forest fire occurred frequently in Indonesia. During the 1997/1998 El-Nino, there is positive anomaly of tropospheric ozone by 10-20 DU, and 10-15 DU in 2006 El Nino. Forest fires event emit large numbers of ozone (O3)-forming precursors, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).Keywords: El Nino, ENSO, Forest Fire, Indonesia, Tropospheric Ozone
Analisis Profil Konsentrasi Pb di Air Waduk Saguling
Authors: Arinda Ade , Wardhani Eka
Published: September 2019

ABSTRAKAir Waduk Saguling saat ini menunjukkan penurunan, baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas akibat aktivitas manusia yang menghasilkan limbah rumah tangga, industri, pertanian, peternakan, perikanan dan pertambangan. Salah satu pencemar di Waduk Saguling adalah logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsentrasi Pb di perairan Waduk Saguling pada musim yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari PT Indonesia Power tahun 2008-2017. Data berasal dari tiga kedalaman yaitu kedalaman permukaan, tengah, dan dekat dasar perairan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi Pb di musim kemarau lebih tinggi daripada musim hujan dan sebagian sudah melebihi baku mutu yang mengacu pada Peraturan Pemerintah No. 82 Tahun 2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air untuk logam Pb sebesar 0,03 mg/L. Parameter pendukung yang di analisis yaitu parameter DO, pH, TDS, suhu, kekeruhan, dan kesadahan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik menggunakan PCA, parameter yang paling mempengaruhi konsentrasi Pb di musim kemarau adalah kekeruhan dan suhu sedangkan musim hujan adalah TDS.Kata kunci: Musim, Pb, PCA, Waduk SagulingABSTRACTSaguling Water Reservoir currently shows a decline, both in quality and quantity due to human activities that produce domestic waste, industry, agriculture, livestock, fishery and mining. One of the pollutants in Saguling Reservoir is heavy metal. The research aims to analyze the concentration of Pb in the waters of Saguling Reservoir in different seasons. This research uses secondary data which is obtained from PT Indonesia Power in 2008-2017. The data comes from three depths: surface depth, center, and near bottom of water. Based on the results of the research shows that the concentration of Pb in the dry season is higher than the rainy season and some have exceeded the quality standard which refers to Government Regulation no. 82 of 2001 on the Management of Water Quality and Control of Water Pollution for Pb metal by 0.03 mg/L. The supporting parameters in the analysis are DO, pH, TDS, temperature, turbidity, and hardness parameters. Based on the results of statistical analysis using PCA, the parameters that most influence the concentration of Pb heavy metals in the dry season are turbidity and temperature and rainy season is TDS.Keywords: Season, pb, pca, saguling reservoi