bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging urban morphology and urban ecology: a framework to identify morpho-ecological periods and patterns in the urban ecosystem
Authors: Palazzo Elisa
Published: May 2022

In a perspective of exceptional environmental change, the role of unbuilt and green spaces to improve urban resilience has increasingly attracted the interest of the scientific community. The conceptualisation of cities as urban landscapes has drawn a parallel between their spatial and ecological dimensions. Both urban morphology and urban ecology have examined the structure of cities form. However, we still do not completely understand how anthropogenic processes and ecosystems have been dynamically interacting in the formation of the urban structure. Thus, this article carries out a comprehensive analysis of built and unbuilt spaces in a case study with the objective to reveal the underlying morpho-ecological periods and patterns in the urban ecosystem. Morphological periods (temporal analysis) and ecological patterns (spatial analysis) are examined in combination through the hypothesis of nested scales at different resolutions operated at the macro, meso and micro levels of the urban landscape. By identifying common denominators across urban morphology and landscape ecology, the study is also a contribution to interdisciplinary research. The proposed framework set up the foundation for a more systematic quantitative assessment of the urban ecosystem across different disciplinary traditions while supporting a new urban landscape design culture based on the evidence of ecological constructs. An accurate explanation of how built forms symbiotically interacted with the ecological dimensions of the landscape over time is also crucial to predict the effects of environmental change and promote future sustainable planning agendas.
Modelling the spectra of the kilonova AT2017gfo – I. The photospheric epochs
Authors: Gillanders J H , Smartt S J , Sim S A , Bauswein A , Goriely S
Published: May 2022

The kilonova (KN) associated with the binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817 is the only known electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave source. Here we produce a sequence of radiative transfer models (using tardis) with updated atomic data, and compare them to accurately calibrated spectra. We use element compositions from nuclear network calculations based on a realistic hydrodynamical simulation of a BNS merger. We show that the blue spectrum at +1.4 d after merger requires a nucleosynthetic trajectory with a high electron fraction. Our best-fitting model is composed entirely of first r-process peak elements (Sr and Zr) and the strong absorption feature is reproduced well by Sr ii absorption. At this epoch, we set an upper limit on the lanthanide mass fraction of $X_{{\small LN}} \lesssim 5 \times 10^{-3}$. In contrast, all subsequent spectra from +2.4 to 6.4 d require the presence of a modest amount of lanthanide material ($X_{{\small LN}} \simeq 0.05^{+0.05}_{-0.02}$), produced by a trajectory with Ye = 0.29. This produces lanthanide-induced line blanketing below 6000 Å, and sufficient light r-process elements to explain the persistent strong feature at ∼0.7–1.0 $\mu$m (Sr ii). The composition gives good matches to the observed data, indicating that the strong blue flux deficit results in the near-infrared (NIR) excess. The disjoint in composition between the first epoch and all others indicates either ejecta stratification, or the presence of two distinct components of material. This further supports the ‘two-component’ KN model, and constrains the element composition from nucleosynthetic trajectories. The major uncertainties lie in availability of atomic data and the ionization state of the expanding material.
Orbital stability analysis of hypothetical Earth-mass and Luna-mass moons in the Sagarmatha (HD 100777) star system
Authors: Gautam Aayush , Bashyal Angel , Bhattarai Shree Krishna , Satyal Suman
Published: May 2022

Six of the solar system planets have 150 confirmed moons (Earth—1, Mars—2, Jupiter—53, Saturn—53, Uranus—27, Neptune—14) and seven of them (Ganymede, Titan, Callisto, Io, the Moon, Europa, Triton) have masses >0.001 $M_\oplus$. However, no exomoons have yet been discovered despite the successful detection of ∼5000 exoplanets. We can infer, based on the solar system planets, that these exoplanets are capable of hosting one or more exomoons. In this paper, we study the possible existence of hypothetical Earth-mass and Luna-mass moons orbiting the Jupiter-mass planet, Laligurans (HD 100777b) in the Sagarmatha (HD 100777) star system by means of orbital stability. We apply long-term orbital integrations and the MEGNO (mean exponential growth of nearby orbits) chaos indicator to study the orbital stability of the moons and predict a phase-space region comprising periodic, chaotic, and unstable orbits. The phase spaces primarily constitute the moon's semimajor axis, which extends from the host planet's Roche radius to the Hill radius, and full range of eccentricity. Specific points are picked from three different regions of the MEGNO map and run as single-orbit integration for up to 10 billion periods of the innermost orbit. Furthermore, the lifetime and maximum eccentricity maps are generated from the direct integration to inspect the stable and unstable orbital configurations. The analyses of these maps, with the aid of time-series plots, show that both moons maintain stable orbits in the low-eccentricity regime and semimajor axis between the Roche limit and 28.4% of the Hill radius of the planet.
Role of Physical Therapists in the Management of Individuals at Risk for or Diagnosed With Venous Thromboembolism: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline 2022
Authors: Hillegass Ellen , Lukaszewicz Kathleen , Puthoff Michael
Published: May 2022

No matter the practice setting, physical therapists work with patients who are at risk for or who have a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In 2016, the first clinical practice guideline (CPG) addressing the physical therapist management of VTE was published with support by the American Physical Therapy Association’s Academy of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy and Academy of Acute Care, with a primary focus on lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This CPG is an update of the 2016 CPG and contains the most current evidence available for the management of patients with lower extremity DVT and new key action statements (KAS), including guidance on upper extremity DVT, pulmonary embolism, and special populations. This document will guide physical therapist practice in the prevention of and screening for VTE and in the management of patients who are at risk for or who have been diagnosed with VTE. Through a systematic review of published studies and a structured appraisal process, KAS were written to guide the physical therapist. The evidence supporting each action was rated, and the strength of statement was determined. Clinical practice algorithms based on the KAS were developed that can assist with clinical decision-making. Physical therapists, along with other members of the health care team, should implement these KAS to decrease the incidence of VTE, improve the diagnosis and acute management of VTE, and reduce the long-term complications of VTE.
Challenges and Opportunities in Stroke Nursing Research: Global Views From a Panel of Nurse Researchers
Authors: Ramazanu Sheena , Bautista Cynthia , Green Theresa , Rhudy Lori M. , Rogado Maria Isabelita C. , Baby Priya , Woon Caroline , Martinez Rudolf Cymorr Kirby Palogan , von Gaudecker Jane R. , Nydahl Peter , Mbakaya Balwani Chingatichifwe , Said Nizar B. , Hayek Mohammed F. , Sila Faith , Rahn Anne Christin , Minagawa Takako , Olson DaiWai M.
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION: A diverse group of neuroscience nurse experts discussed stroke nursing research at the 5th International Neuroscience Nursing Research Symposium. Panel experts from Singapore, India, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Malawi, Germany, Palestine, Kenya, Japan, and the United States collaborated to examine similarities and differences in nurse-led stroke research conducted in their home countries. This article reflects panel insights on challenges and opportunities for nurse-led stroke research. DISCUSSION: The research challenges discussed include nursing independence, the processes of informed consent and randomization process, obtaining adequate independent funding, recruiting research subjects, and working with vulnerable groups. The major opportunities to leverage and improve stroke nursing research include facilitating the nurse investigator role, information digitalization, improving health literacy, and collaboration between nurse researchers. SUMMARY: We are living in a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous world, and the COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated many challenges. There is a need to allow for creativity around recruitment and conducting stroke research. The use of technology reduces travel needs and mitigates many safety, financial, and transportation-related problems. Although the pandemic has highlighted the challenges faced when conducting stroke-related research, there are remarkable similarities in opportunities to improve outcomes.
Osteoarthritis of the Knee in Middle-age Athletes: Many Measures are Practiced, but Lack Sound Scientific Evidence
Authors: Quaranta Marco , Riccio Ivano , Oliva Francesco , Maffulli Nicola
Published: May 2022

Osteoarthritis of the knee generally affects individuals from the fifth decade, the typical age of middle-age athletes. In the early stages, management is conservative and multidisciplinary. It is advisable to avoid sports with high risk of trauma, but it is important that patients continue to be physically active. Conservative management offers several options; however, it is unclear which ones are really useful. This narrative review briefly reports the conservative options for which there is no evidence of effectiveness, or there is only evidence of short-term effectiveness.
Incorporating the concept of relevance in clinical rehabilitation research and its reviews may improve uptake by stakeholders
Authors: Pomeroy J. Mary Louise , Sanchez Jonathan O. , Cai Cindy , Garfinkel Steven , Côté Pierre , Frontera Walter R. , Gerber Lynn H.
Published: May 2022

The “relevance” of research to stakeholders is an important factor in influencing the uptake of new knowledge into practice, however this concept is neither well defined nor routinely incorporated in clinical rehabilitation research. Developing a uniform definition, measurement standards, stakeholder engagement strategies, and guiding frameworks that bolster relevance may help to incorporate the concept as a key element in research planning and design. This paper presents a conceptual argument for why relevance matters, proposes a working definition, and suggests strategies for operationalizing the construct in the context of clinical rehabilitation research. We place special emphasis on the importance of promoting relevance to patients, caregivers, and clinicians and provide preliminary frameworks and innovative study designs that can assist clinical rehabilitation researchers in doing so. We argue that researchers who include a direct statement regarding why and to whom a study is relevant and who incorporate considerations of relevance throughout all phases of study design produce more useful research for patients, caregivers, and clinicians, increasing its chance of uptake into practice. Consistent consideration of relevance, particularly to non-academic audiences, during the conceptualization, study design, presentation, and dissemination of clinical rehabilitation research may promote the uptake of findings by patients, caregivers, and providers.
Hospital-Acquired Conditions Reduction Program, Racial and Ethnic Diversity, and Magnet Designation in the United States
Authors: Boamah Sheila A. , Hamadi Hanadi Y. , Spaulding Aaron C.
Published: May 2022

Objective

A key quality indicator in any health system is its ability to reduce morbidity and mortality. In recent years, healthcare organizations in the United States have been held to stricter measures of accountability to provide safe, quality care. This study aimed to explore the contextual factors driving racial disparities in hospital-acquired conditions incident rates among Medicare recipients in Magnet and non-Magnet hospitals.

Methods

A cross-sectional observational study was performed using data from Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program. Performance from 1823 hospitals were used to examine the association between Magnet recognition and community’s racial and ethnic differences in hospital performance on the Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program. The unit of analysis was the hospital level. A propensity score matching approach was used to take into account differences in baseline characteristics when comparing Magnet and non-Magnet hospitals. The outcome measures were risk-standardized hospital performance on the Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program domains and overall performance.

Results

Study findings show that Magnet hospitals had decreased methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) rate (β = −0.22; 95% confidence interval, −0.36 to −0.08) compared with non-Magnet hospitals. No other statistical difference was identified.

Conclusions

Results from this study show community’s racial and ethnic differences in hospital-acquired conditions occurrence differ between Magnet and non-Magnet hospitals for MRSA, indicating its association with nursing practice. However, because this improvement is limited to only MRSA, there are likely opportunities for Magnet hospitals to continue process improvements focused on additional Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program measures.
High-Risk Medication in Home Care Nursing: A Delphi Study
Authors: Dumitrescu Irina , Casteels Minne , De Vliegher Kristel , Van Der Linden Lorenz , Van Leeuwen Ellen , Dilles Tinne
Published: May 2022

Aims

The aims of the study were to reach consensus on which medications in home care nursing should be considered high-risk medication (HRM) and to obtain recommendations about which interventions home care nurses can perform to improve quality of care and safety in managing these HRM.

Design

This is an international Delphi study with 13 purposively selected experts from 4 different countries.

Methods

A 3-round iterative Delphi survey was conducted from May 2018 to October 2018, based on a list of 32 medications previously reported as HRM in community care. A proposal for HRM was based on this literature search, and experts were asked to reflect on which (groups of) medications should be considered HRM by home care nurses (completeness of the list, risk assessment per [group of] medication, the need for home care nurse interventions, and the need for an HRM care procedure). The cutoff point for consensus was set at 80% of expert agreement.

Results

The panel assessed the initial list and added 30 (groups of) medications. In the last round, consensus of 80% or more was reached for 27 (groups of) medications to be considered HRM by home care nurses. For 28 medications, additional interventions by a home care nurse were considered warranted. A procedure or protocol for home care nurses was deemed necessary for 12 medications.

Conclusions

We identified a set of (groups of) medications that should primarily be considered HRM by home care nurses.

Impact:

• What problem did the study address? This study clarified which medications should be considered HRM by home care nurses.

• What were the main findings? Experts identified a set of 27 (groups of) medications that should primarily be considered HRM by home care nurses.

• Where and on whom will the research have an impact? The results provide essential information for home care agencies when setting up an HRM policy.
Effects of an Intranet-Based Call-for-Help System on Teamwork, Work Efficiency, Job Satisfaction, and Job Stress in Nurses
Authors: Tai Jui-Fen , Yang Tsung-Lung , Juang Wang-Chuan , Lin Li-Ying
Published: May 2022

Objectives

In the medical environment, teamwork among medical care personnel is closely related to patient safety and care quality. This research has developed an Intranet-based call-for-help system to establish an emergency support system. Few studies have explored the effects of the timely call-for-help system on teamwork. This study explored the effects of the timely call-for-help system intervention.

Methods

This study was designed by 2 groups of pretest and posttest. This research was conducted at a medical center in Taiwan. The subjects of the study were nurses in inpatient wards. The newly established call-for-help system was used in the 4 experimental wards, enabling nurses to immediately seek help from each other when faced with challenges and difficulties. This study was blind with the outcome evaluator and data analyst blinded to the group of participants.

Results

A total of 165 nurses were included in the study, 84 in the intervention group and 81 in the control group. After the intervention of the call-for-help system, the experimental group had significantly better teamwork, work efficiency, job satisfaction, and lower job stress than the control group (P < 0.01). The generalized estimating equation showed that the progress scores of the experimental group on the 4 scales were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The implementation of timely call-for-help system can enable nursing staff to get immediate support, strengthen teamwork, create a positive nursing practice environment, and improve patient safety and quality of care. These improvements in teamwork and support are very important and worthy of promotion.
Highly efficient healing of critical sized articular cartilage defect in situ using a chemically nucleoside-modified mRNA-enhanced cell therapy
Authors: Zhong Gang , Luo Yixuan , Zhao Jianping , Wang Meng , Yang Fan , Huang Jian , Zou Lijin , Zou Xuenong , Wang Qingqing , Chen Fei , Wang Gang , Yu Yin
Published: May 2022

Critical sized cartilage defects heal poorly and MSC-based therapies holds promise functional cartilage regeneration either used alone or in combination with growth factors. However, Recombinant protein growth factors were proven to have minimal benefits while to have adverse side effects and high cost. Nonviral mRNA delivery provides a promising, alternative approach to delivering therapeutic proteins within defect lesion for an extended period of time. Despite successful therapeutic outcome in bone and other vascularized tissues, the therapeutic application of mRNA in poorly vascularized tissues such as cartilage is still facing many challenges and rarely studied. We report here using chemically modified messenger RNA encoding TGF-β3(TGF-β3 cmRNA) to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs to efficient repair of cartilage defect. Local administration of TGF-β3 cmRNA enhanced BMSCs therapy restored critical-sized cartilage defects in situ in a rat model within 6 weeks with structural and molecular markers similar to its nature counterparts. In addition, the development of osteoarthritis caused by cartilage damage was prevented by this mRNA-enhanced BMSCs therapy evidenced by minimal late-stage OA pharmacological presentations. This novel mRNA enhanced-MSC technology extend the development of new therapeutic approaches for treating functional cartilage repair.
Single-support serial isomorphous replacement phasing
Authors: Foos Nicolas , Rizk Mahmoud , Nanao Max H.
Published: May 2022

The use of single isomorphous replacement (SIR) has become less widespread due to difficulties in sample preparation and the identification of isomorphous native and derivative data sets. Non-isomorphism becomes even more problematic in serial experiments, because it adds natural inter-crystal non-isomorphism to heavy-atom-soaking-induced non-isomorphism. Here, a method that can successfully address these issues (and indeed can benefit from differences in heavy-atom occupancy) and additionally significantly simplifies the SIR experiment is presented. A single heavy-atom soak into a microcrystalline slurry is performed, followed by automated serial data collection of partial data sets. This produces a set of data collections with a gradient of heavy-atom occupancies, which are reflected in differential merging statistics. These differences can be exploited by an optimized genetic algorithm to segregate the pool of data sets into `native' and `derivative' groups, which can then be used to successfully determine phases experimentally by SIR.
Meal preparation behaviour and obesity: time spent cooking in the Czech Republic
Authors: Pilarova Tereza , Bavorova Miroslava , Vokáčová Lucie , Gruener Sven
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The objective of this explorative study was to analyse the association of socio-economic factors and attitudes towards cooking with the time devoted to home meals cooking in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the authors tested and analysed data to see if there is any relationship between the time devoted to cooking by respondents and obesity.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample data consisted of 1,006 inhabitants’ subjects selected using the quota sampling following the structure of the population structure. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions were estimated to analyse factors influencing the time spent in the preparation of meals at home. The correlation between time devoted to cooking by respondents and obesity was addressed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Findings

The results showed that female gender, higher age, smaller household size and presence of children increased the time spent by respondents in the preparation of home-cooked meals. Home cooking is perceived as a tastier option compared to, for example, chilled ready meals. The time devoted to cooking by respondents and her/his above average weight are correlated in our study.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, no recent study has comprehensively analysed cooking behaviour and time spent cooking in the post-Soviet countries, including the Czech Republic. The authors’ quota-representative study provided relevant insights into eating behaviour, as the Czech Republic has faced a high increase in the obesity rates in the last decade.
Analyzing organizational barriers towards building postpandemic supply chain resilience in Indian MSMEs: a grey-DEMATEL approach
Authors: Banerjee Tuhin , Trivedi Ashish , Sharma Gunjan Mohan , Gharib Moaz , Hameed S. Shahul
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims to identify the barriers to building supply chain resilience and assess the contextual relationship between them in the Indian micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) sector for the post COVID-19 era.

Design/methodology/approach

Barriers to supply chain resilience were extracted from the extant literature and were evaluated using the grey sets and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach from strategic, tactical and operational business perspectives. The responses from experts on the identified barriers were collected through a structured questionnaire. The prominence-net effect results obtained after the DEMATEL application helped identify the most prominent barriers, their net cause and effect, and their correlation with each other.

Findings

A total of 16 barriers to resilience, identified from the literature, were considered for analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the lack of flexibility is the most critical causal barrier to building a resilient supply chain. Lack of planned resource management was also found to be an influential barrier. The study also identified the supply chain design, need for collaboration and technological capability as important factors for the MSME sector to focus on.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited to assessing barriers to the supply chain resilience of MSMEs in India. More extensive research may be needed to reveal the global trend.

Practical implications

The study is significantly important for the MSMEs looking to establish resilient supply chains. Managers can use the findings to identify the weak links in the supply chain for strategic and tactical planning and can take corrective actions.

Originality/value

The study pinpoints the key linkages between barriers that impede MSMEs to make their supply chains resilient and robust to mitigate the impact of future disruptions and adversities. The work may be used by practitioners to further their attention on the significant challenges.
Choosing between diversity, employee safety and business continuity
Authors: Mehta Shreshthi
Published: May 2022

Study level/applicability

Professors of undergraduate, graduate, doctoral or certificate programs can use this case study.

Subject area

Human resource management, employee relations, women in business

Case overview

Historically, only men have worked as tourist porters in Peru. The owner of a tour company in Peru wants to hire female porters in their company. Currently, all the porters in the company are male, and they are hesitant to work with women. The entrepreneur wants to build an inclusive organization to improve their company’s branding but is afraid of workplace harassment issues. This case examines the challenges of employee safety and business continuity while building an inclusive workforce. What should the owner do?

Expected learning outcomes

• Evaluate the factors that lead to the bias or discrimination of women or other minority groups in business; •discuss what reasonable accommodations an organization can undertake to become inclusive; and •explore business opportunities and challenges while being inclusive.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 6: Human Resources
Development and application of a digital humanities research platform for biographies of Malaysian personalities
Authors: Chen Chih-Ming , Ling Tek-Soon , Chang Chung , Hsu Chih-Fan , Lim Chia-Pei
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Digital humanities research platform for biographies of Malaysia personalities (DHRP-BMP) was collaboratively developed by the Research Center for Chinese Cultural Subjectivity in Taiwan, the Federation of Heng Ann Association Malaysia, and the Malaysian Chinese Research Center of Universiti Malaya in this study. UsingThe Biographies of Malaysia Henghua Personalitiesas the main archival sources, DHRP-BMP adopted the Omeka S, which is a next-generation Web publishing platform for institutions interested in connecting digital cultural heritage collections with other resources online, as the basic development system of the platform, to develop the functions of close reading and distant reading both combined together as the foundation of its digital humanities tools.

Design/methodology/approach

The results of the first-stage development are introduced in this study, and a case study of qualitative analysis is provided to describe the research process by a humanist scholar who used DHRP-BMP to discover the character relationships and contexts hidden inThe Biographies of Malaysia Henghua Personalities.

Findings

Close reading provided by DHRP-BMP was able to support humanities scholars on comprehending full text contents through a user-friendly reading interface while distant reading developed in DHRP-BMP could assist humanities scholars on interpreting texts from a rather macro perspective through text analysis, with the functions such as keyword search, geographic information and social networks analysis for humanities scholars to master on the character relationships and geographic distribution from personality biographies, thus accelerating their text interpretation efficiency and uncovering the hidden context.

Originality/value

At present, a digital humanities research platform with real-time characters’ relationships analysis tool that can automatically generate visualized character relationship graphs based on Chinese named entity recognition (CNER) and character relationship identification technologies to effectively assist humanities scholars in interpreting characters’ relationships for digital humanities research is still lacking so far. This study thus presents the DHRP-BMP that offers the key features that can automatically identify characters’ names and characters’ relationships from personality biographies and provide a user-friendly visualization interface of characters’ relationships for supporting digital humanities research, so that humanities scholars could more efficiently and accurately explore characters’ relationships from the analyzed texts to explore complicated characters’ relationships and find out useful research findings.
Using property-level inquiry volume to quantify demand–supply balance for existing houses: the case of the resale condominium market in Tokyo
Authors: Suzuki Masatomo , Shimizu Chihiro
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Houses are durable, so an imbalance between demand and supply occurs after time has passed since initial construction. The purpose of this study is to quantify the extent of this imbalance for existing houses, focusing on the heterogeneity across property segments.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a unique data set on the “inquiry volume” that each property received from an online real estate portal to measure the volume of demand in relation to supply. Simple regressions are conducted in the resale condominium market across the Tokyo metropolitan area.

Findings

The inquiry volume successfully tracked a recent expected trend in which demand relative to supply is stronger for condominiums in reasonably priced areas, condominiums in convenient, accessible locations, condominiums built within the last 20 years and compact and spacious units. This study also confirms that these trends cannot be captured through heterogeneity in price levels, which has been widely used in previous studies on measuring housing preferences.

Practical implications

As an indicator of conditions in the housing market, the property-level inquiry volume has strong potential to provide useful information for supply strategies and for the sustainable use of existing housing stocks.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper is the use of information on the buyer side, which is typically unobservable.
Passionate projects: practitioner reflections on emotion management
Authors: Connor James , McDermott Vanessa , Gillies Wilma
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The fundamental challenge for project management is dealing with people and their feelings. While there has been sporadic attention to the importance of emotions in project work, project management practices tend to neglect the role of emotions and emotional reflexivity. The authors use a symbolic interaction framework to present an in-depth exploration of emotions and emotional reflexivity in projects.

Design/methodology/approach

Empirical data was gathered in 19 semi-structured interviews with diverse project managers to assess their experience of emotion (15 male, 4 female, early 20s to late 50s, 3–38 years of expertise). Transcribed interviews were thematically analysed using a sociology of emotions informed, grounded theory, interactional framework.

Findings

The data revealed that emotional states are framed by factors specific to project management, including organisational change, project constraints and dealing with stakeholders. Explicitly managing emotions improved team engagement and project performance by acting as a catalyst for engaging in reflective practice and intuitive decision making.

Practical implications

Given the widely held misconceptions of emotion as maladaptive, project management education must focus on empathy in communication and leadership if practitioners are to master valuable soft skills. Techniques for emotional reflection and learning feeling lessons must be incorporated into practice.

Originality/value

The authors contribute to the emerging understanding that emotions matter in project management. The authors demonstrate the centrality of emotions in projects and the substantial impact they have on the wellbeing of practitioners and staff. Emotional reflexivity in practice, which is widely acknowledged yet tends to be ignored, is an essential part of the project manager's toolkit.
Heritage theory at work: how heritage policy in Toronto, Canada shapes a market with asymmetrical opportunities for professionals and tradespeople
Authors: McElcheran Luke , Santana Quintero Mario
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Toronto's heritage program is reporting year over year growth in both the number of listed and designated properties and the amount of money secured for heritage projects. At the same time, it is widely recognized that heritage trade skills are in decline. The purpose of this research is to examine Toronto's heritage policy in its regulatory and economic context to understand why heritage trades are struggling while the heritage program and the market for heritage professional services flourish and to suggest solutions based on existing policy tools.

Design/methodology/approach

This research looks at the policy documents at the federal, provincial and municipal level that determine the minimum standard for heritage conservation in Toronto. It refers to secondary research on the economic context for these regulations to understand how they are applied and why they tend to produce certain outcomes. It introduces the regulatory context set by Canada's Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places and the Ontario Heritage Act. It goes on to analyse Toronto's local policy in more detail including density bonusing programs, the Toronto Official Plan and Heritage Conservation District planning standards.

Findings

Toronto's heritage policy creates asymmetrical opportunities for heritage professionals and heritage specializing tradespeople. While the work that heritage professionals do is required or strongly encouraged by policy and increases reliably with the amount of funding secured for heritage projects, heritage tradespeople do not enjoy similar advantages. Their work is not required in the same way as heritage professionals' or encouraged to the same degree, and money secured for heritage projects does not necessarily go towards work that would engage the building trades necessary to maintain heritage structures.

Originality/value

The value of job creation in heritage trades is a mainstay of heritage economic advocacy, and there is growing interest in the value of these trades skills as a resource for sustainable building practices. There is relatively little research considering how heritage policy and theory affect career opportunities for workers with these trades skills, and none that addresses those systemic pressures in the context of municipal heritage programs in Canada.
The role of corporate board and auditors in tax planning: evidence from Italy
Authors: Iazzi Antonio , Vacca Andrea , Maizza Amedeo , Schiavone Francesco
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of corporate governance mechanisms, namely, board of directors and auditors, on tax aggressiveness in Italian companies listed on the Milan Stock Exchange.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a population of 168 Italian non-financial firms listed on the Milan Stock Exchange, holding shares in at least one foreign subsidiary in countries other than Italy in fiscal year 2018. Data on corporate boards and auditors were collected through the evaluation of companies’ annual reports over the period 2011–2018. Five panel data analyses with fixed effects were performed for each tax aggressiveness index, yielding 1,176 observations to test the research hypothesis.

Findings

This paper finds that corporate board characteristics, such as size, gender diversity and CEO duality, and auditors’ features, such as external audit quality, increase corporate tax aggressiveness.

Practical implications

This study provides investors with an understanding of corporate boards’ and auditors’ roles in preventing agency conflicts and evaluating a company’s tax approach. Furthermore, the findings are useful for international political bodies in regulating corporate board composition and managerial monitoring.

Originality/value

Almost all studies focusing primarily on corporate governance mechanisms’ effects on tax aggressiveness are within the US context. Empirical evidence on the topic in the European contexts is limited. The legislative discrepancy between countries is reflected in the computation of indices measuring tax aggressiveness, affecting US studies' generalizability across nations. This paper extends the literature on the topic by investigating other unexplored corporate governance mechanisms. Five indices were used to measure corporate tax aggressiveness and to assess analysis reliability and data robustness. Moreover, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to investigate the link between corporate governance mechanisms and tax aggressiveness in Italy.
Oil-stock nexus: the role of oil shocks for GCC markets
Authors: Ziadat Salem Adel , McMillan David G.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the links between oil price shocks and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock markets from February 2004 to December 2019. Knowledge of such links is important to both investors and policymakers in understanding the transmission of shocks across markets.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the Ready (2018) oil price decomposition method and the quantile regression approach to conduct the analysis.

Findings

Initial results show a positive oil price change increases stock returns, while greater volatility decreases returns. The oil shock decomposition results reveal a significant positive impact of supply-side shocks on stocks. This contrasts with the literature that argues demand-side shocks are more important. While factors such as liquidity and the lack of hedging instruments can increase the vulnerability of GCC equities to oil price shocks, the result reflects the unique economic structure of the GCC bloc, notably, marked by dependency on oil revenues. In analysing quantile-based results, oil supply shocks mainly exhibit lower-tail dependence, while the authors do uncover some evidence of demand-side shocks affecting mid and upper-tail dependence.

Originality/value

Acknowledging the presence of endogeneity in the relation between oil and economic activity, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to combine the oil price decompositions of Ready (2018) with a quantile regression framework in the GCC context. The results reveal notable difference to those previously reported in the literature.
Epidemiology, clinical presentations and outcome of patients presenting to the emergency department after a COVID‐19 vaccination: An observational study
Authors: Akhlaghi Hamed , Dinou Vasiliki , Jones Hanna , Vorias Blake , Moloney James , Tse Justin , Parnis Stephen , Karro Jonathan , Walby Andrew , Morrissey Brendan
Published: May 2022

Objective

The World Health Organization declared the COVID‐19 pandemic on 11 March 2020. In 2021, several vaccines were provisionally approved to reduce the risk of transmission and hospitalisation of COVID‐19 infection. A surge in COVID‐19 vaccination was seen between August and October 2021 in Victoria, Australia. We hypothesised this led to an increase in ED presentations.

Methods

Patients in the present study were adults who presented to the ED within 21 days of receiving a dose of a COVID‐19 vaccine between 11 August 2021 and 14 November 2021. All cases underwent chart reviews to extract epidemiological features, clinical presentations, ED assessments, investigations and disposition.

Results

Notably, 968 patients were included in the study, comprising 6.1% of all ED presentations during the study period. The median age was 31 years. 82.9% of patients were younger than 45 years. 20.1% of patients arrived by ambulance. Chest pain was the most common presenting complaint (43.6%), followed by headache (10.3%) and palpitations (8.2%). The most common investigations were a full blood examination (73.5%), an ECG (63.8%) and serum troponin (49.1%). 64.8% of patients were directly discharged home and 22.1% were sent home after a short stay admission. Only 2.2% of patients were admitted to the hospital.

Conclusion

A majority of patients who presented to the ED after their COVID vaccinations were young and discharged home after the initial assessment. These presentations have significantly increased the workload in prehospital settings and EDs, contributing to increased investigation usage, ED treatment space occupancy, and increased costs to the health system.
Unusual 2020 respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis season in Western Australia: Not explained by weather
Authors: Hoeppner Tobias , Blyth Christopher C , Borland Meredith
Published: May 2022

Objective

To describe and explore the relationship between weather and the unusual 2020 bronchiolitis season in Western Australia during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

Correlation of meteorological data and presentations of infants with bronchiolitis through the ED of Perth Children's Hospital.

Results

The 2020 bronchiolitis epidemic showed a reversal of the usual seasonal pattern. There were no weather events to account for this phenomenon.

Conclusions

The bronchiolitis outbreak showed no relationship to local weather patterns. State‐mandated COVID‐19 public health measures appear as the likely rationale.
Population decline and demography of the world’s largest breeding population of huemul deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus) in Bernardo O'Higgins National Park, Chile
Authors: Pack Shalynn M. , Bertuol‐Garcia Diana , Pomilia Matthew , Spencer Adam , Aldridge Dennis
Published: May 2022

The largest remaining populations of the endangered huemul deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus) are believed to be concentrated in the remote, rugged and largely uninhabited glacial valleys and fjords surrounding the Southern Patagonian Ice Field that lie within Chile's Bernardo O'Higgins National Park. On the Park's northwestern edge is Bernardo Fjord, an area home to the world's largest known breeding population of huemul. We present a demographic study of this population and examine its population trends since 2004. We conducted huemul transect surveys on‐foot during 16 expeditions to Bernardo Fjord from October 2014 to March 2020, during which we spent a total of 254 days in the field and documented 284 observations of huemul. This coastal population of huemul exhibited higher female proportions (mean 0.64 ± SD 0.05), lower fawn:female ratios (mean 0.18 ± SD 0.23 in March and mean 0.22 ± SD 0.07 in November), and similar group sizes (mean 1.77 ± 1.06 SD individuals) to previous studies. Huemul densities in Bernardo Valley encountered from 2016 to 2019 were 60% lower than densities observed in a previous study from 2004 to 2008. We produce a 2019 huemul population estimate for Bernardo Fjord of 84 (±SD 7) individuals including 44 observed individuals and 40 (±SD 10) individuals estimated to be undetected by our surveys, which comprises 6–8% of the IUCN global population estimate. Two of the surveyed sectors – Bernardo Valley and Pampa – are of critical conservation importance, given that the 5 km2 Pampa is home to 42% of the total huemul population and 41% of the fawn population of Bernardo Fjord. We examine potential drivers of this population decline, which may include poor recruitment, predation and high incidences of foot disease exacerbated by climatic conditions, and we offer recommendations for the conservation, monitoring and management of this and other coastal huemul populations.
Outcomes after definitive treatment for head and neck angiosarcoma
Authors: Irawati Nina , Moghadam Alireza , Abdul‐Razak Muzib , Strach Madeleine , Elliott Michael , Ch'ng Sydney , Shannon Kerwin , Palme Carsten E. , Clark Jonathan , Wykes James , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert)
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Head and neck angiosarcoma (HN‐AS) is a rare and aggressive, representing <1% of all head and neck malignancies. It is characterized by a high rate of local recurrence and poor 5‐year survival (10–54%). Australian data in this rare disease is lacking. We aim review the clinical outcomes of HN‐AS from two high volume head and neck cancer units in Australia.

Methods

Retrospective chart review.

Results

A total 26 patients were identified, consist of predominantly male patients (81%) with a mean age of 77 year old. Most of the HN‐AS arises from the scalp (62%). The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were 41% and 15%, respectively.

Patients treated with upfront surgery with adjuvant therapy has better OS and DFS compared with patients receiving upfront chemoradiotherapy (median OS 3.63 vs. 0.53 years, P = 0.011 and median DFS 1.19 vs. 0.33 years, P = 0.001). There is no difference in OS or DFS for the sites of HN‐AS or age of patients. Recurrences were noted in 15 patients (57.7%). For those with metastatic disease, the most common site was the lung (80%) with a median time to development of distant disease of 2.7 years (range 1.8–3.6 years). In patients who underwent salvage treatment, the median survival (post‐salvage) was 1.3 years (0–2.8 years).

Conclusion

This is the first Australian report of treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with HN‐AS. Our cohort confirms that HN‐AS is a slowly progressive disease with poor survival. Patients treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy in this series had better outcomes compared with those treated with chemoradiotherapy alone. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an area of ongoing research.
Most adder bites in Finland's Lake District caused mild symptoms and severe poisoning was rare
Authors: Nurminen Iiris , Eskola Vesa
Published: May 2022

Aim

This study investigated the incidence, clinical picture and treatment of paediatric adder bites in Finland's Lake District.

Methods

Data were retrospectively collected on all children aged 0–15 years who were bitten by adders from 2006 to 2015 and treated at Tampere University Hospital. The severity was evaluated with the five‐level Poisoning Severity Score.

Results

We found that 109 children were treated following an adder bite, which was an incidence of 13 per 100,000 children from 0 to 15. Of these, 75 were under 8 years of age, with a median age of 3.5 years, and 34 were 8–15 years, with a median age of 10.3 years. The gender distribution was similar in both ages. Younger children were more likely to be bitten in their yards at home, whereas older children were more likely to be bitten in a forest. Older children reported more pain than younger patients. Most children were bitten on a lower limb, with minor symptoms such as localised redness and swelling, and received conservative treatment. Antivenom treatment was rarely administered and then only in severe cases or if symptoms progressed.

Conclusion

Adder bites mostly caused mild symptoms, severe poisoning was rare and antivenom was rarely given.