bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of dietary fiber from bhimkol (Musa balbisiana) peel using central composite design: physicochemical, functional, and thermal properties
Authors: Rawat Laxmi Kant , Ghosh Tabli
Published: October 2024

Bhimkol is a seeded banana found in northeastern and southern India, and its peel is a good source of dietary fiber (DF) and can be utilized for various food applications.
Concluding remarks
Authors: Evangelista Francesco A.
Published: October 2024

A summary of the research themes covered during the 2024 Faraday Discussion on Correlated electronic structure and the author’s perspective on the challenges and open frontiers of the field.
Correction: A comparative study of the hypolipidemic effects and mechanisms of action of Laminaria japonica- and Ascophyllum nodosum-derived fucoidans in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
Authors: Liu Tian , Wang Xue , Wang Yan-Ming , Sui Feng-Rong , Zhang Xue-Ying , Liu Hai-Di , Ma Dong-Yue , Liu Xiao-Xiao , Guo Shou-Dong
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘A comparative study of the hypolipidemic effects and mechanisms of action of Laminaria japonica- and Ascophyllum nodosum-derived fucoidans in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice’ by Tian Liu et al., Food Funct., 2024, 15, 5955–5971, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO05521C.
Injectable peptide-glycosaminoglycan hydrogels for soft tissue repair: in vitro assessment for nucleus augmentation
Authors: Warren James P. , Coe Ruth H. , Culbert Matthew P. , Dixon Andrew R. , Miles Danielle E. , Mengoni Marlène , Beales Paul A. , Wilcox Ruth K.
Published: October 2024

We developed injectable peptide-glycosaminoglycan hydrogels that mimic natural tissue swelling and rapidly gel in situ, that were able to restore the biomechanical properties in an in vitro bovine disc degeneration model.
Flexographic printed microwave-assisted grown zinc oxide nanostructures for sensing applications
Authors: Morais Maria , Carlos Emanuel , Rovisco Ana , Calmeiro Tomás , Gamboa Hugo , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Barquinha Pedro
Published: October 2024

This work proposes a method to produce zinc oxide-based pressure sensors. It combines flexographic printing for seed layer deposition and patterning with microwave-assisted growth of 1D structures to develop stable sensors with high output voltages.
Enhancement of capacitance in CNT based supercapacitors by incorporating a Mg3(PO4)2/CuSO4 porous composite on their electrodes
Authors: Rios-Orihuela Javier , Oliva Jorge , Esquivel-Castro Tzipatly A. , Mercado-Zuñiga Cecilia , Mtz-Enriquez Arturo I. , Gomez-Solis Christian
Published: October 2024

SCs made with a MgPO/CuSO4 powder mixture exhibited 44% higher capacitance than the devices made only with MgPO.
Europium and cobalt modified MOF-808: a humidity-responsive fluorescent barcode
Authors: Marquardt Nele , Schaate Andreas
Published: October 2024

Modified MOF-808 as a straightforward decodable barcode using well-defined fluorescence intensity switching by changing relative humidity.
Photomanipulatable colloidal clusters from the aggregation of azo molecular glass spheres
Authors: Tang Bo , Wang Lier , Ai Xitong , Liao Chuyi , Xiong Zhiyuan , He Yaning , Wang Xiaogong
Published: October 2024

Controllable fabrication of photoresponsive colloidal clusters with a wide range of adjustable sizes and complex architectures are fabricated through the aggregation, fusion and photoinduced deformation of azo colloidal spheres.
Scalable design of uniform oligourethanes for impact study of chain length, sequence and end groups on thermal properties
Authors: Van Hoorde Jens , Badi Nezha , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: October 2024

A bidirectional growth-based protocol is used for the synthesis of a series of sequence-defined oligourethanes in large scale (50 g). The effect of chain length, sequence and end group functionalities on the thermal properties is evaluated.
Recent advances in asymmetric synthesis of chiral benzoheterocycles via Earth-abundant metal catalysis
Authors: Cai Jinhui , Zhang Wenting , Muhammad Usman , Li Weishuang , Xie Yanjun
Published: October 2024

This review mainly focus on the assembly of chiral benzoheterocycles, such as dihydrobenzofurans, chromans, indolines, tetrahydroquinolines, etc., via Earth-abundant metal-catalyzed (Cu, Fe, Ni, and Ti) asymmetric synthesis in the last few decades.
Highly sensitive colorimetric detection of Cd(ii) based on silica sol modified with dithizone and cationic surfactant
Authors: Litluechai Arpaporn , Prompa Arreerat , Uppachai Pikaned , Jarernboon Wirat , Butwong Nutthaya , Mukdasai Siriboon
Published: October 2024

A colorimetric sensor for the determination of Cd2+ was fabricated by modifying silica sol with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and dithizone (DZ), changing the solution color from purple to orange prior to detection using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and a customized Cd analyzer.
Synthesis and characterization of non-ionic flame-retardant waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Tong Hongping , Wang Weimin , Wang Gui , Wang Xiaojun , Yu Dongmei , Chen Bajin , Pei Kemei
Published: October 2024

Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) offers many advantages and is widely used in coatings, leathers, adhesives, biomaterials, and other consumer products.
N, S-codoped carbon dots for antioxidants and their nanovehicle potential as molecular cargoes
Authors: Kasif Md , Alarifi Abdullah , Afzal Mohd , Thirugnanasambandam Arunkumar
Published: October 2024

This work demonstrates the facile one step hydrothermal synthesis of carbon dots doped with nitrogen and sulfur (SCDs).
Thermo-controlled microfluidic generation of monodisperse alginate microspheres based on external gelation
Authors: Chen Saray , Shahar Tal , Cohen Smadar
Published: October 2024

Two off-chip gelation steps for uncomplicated microfluidic generation of alginate microspheres.
Phosphasilene mediated CO activation and deoxygenative homo coupling of CO molecules in reactions with metal carbonyls
Authors: Hendi Zohreh , Pradhan Renuka , Rachuy Katharina , Mahmoudi Soheil , Pandey Madhusudan K. , Kushvaha Saroj Kumar , Herbst-Irmer Regine , Lourderaj Upakarasamy , Stalke Dietmar , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: October 2024

This paper describes the unique reactivity of phosphasilene (1) with metal carbonyls (M = Fe, Mo and W) resulting in the deoxygenative homo-coupling of two CO molecules and CO activation upon treatment with Fe (2) and W/Mo (3/4), respectively.
Impact of tailoring BTBT-based hole-transporting materials on perovskite photovoltaics under indoor illumination
Authors: Chand Lal , Kumar Prasun , Tiwari Rahul , Kundar Milon , Pal Suman Kalyan , Saxena Vibha , Singh Ranbir , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: October 2024

Small organic molecules as hole-transporting materials improve perovskite photovoltaic efficiency and stability under indoor conditions, offering a cost-effective and reliable alternative for long-term energy harvesting.
Self-assembly of amphiphilic homopolymers grafted onto spherical nanoparticles: complete embedded minimal surfaces and a machine learning algorithm for their recognition
Authors: Mitkovskiy D. A. , Lazutin A. A. , Talis A. L. , Vasilevskaya V. V.
Published: October 2024

Amphiphilic macromolecules grafted onto spherical nanoparticles can self-assemble into morphological structures corresponding to the family of complete embedded minimal surfaces. They arise situationally, can coexist and transform into each other.
Lignocellulosic biomass valorisation: a review of feedstocks, processes and potential value chains and their implications for the decision-making process
Authors: Segers Britt , Nimmegeers Philippe , Spiller Marc , Tofani Giorgio , Jasiukaitytė-Grojzdek Edita , Dace Elina , Kikas Timo , Marchetti Jorge M. , Rajić Milena , Yildiz Güray , Billen Pieter
Published: October 2024

The complexity of lignocellulosic biomass valorisation was identified, and a novel assessment method is proposed to facilitate the decision-making process.
Polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified membranes for hydrogen generation by direct seawater electrolysis and proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Mishra Sarthak , Mishra Shubham , Sharma Jeet , Upadhyay Prashant , Kulshrestha Vaibhav
Published: October 2024

A polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) modified proton exchange membrane (PEM) bearing high sulfonic acid density was designed and investigated for water electrolysis application and H2–O2 fuel cell performance.
An ultrathin Li-doped perovskite SEI film with high Li ion flux for a fast charging lithium metal battery
Authors: Liu Ruliang , Feng Wenli , Fang Liangzhou , Deng Huiping , Lin Ling , Chen MinChang , Zhong Jun-Xing , Yin Wei
Published: October 2024

A novel artificial SEI film (Li–CsPbCl3) based on lithium-doped cesium lead chloride perovskite enables fast charging lithium metal batteries by regulating the rapid transport and uniform deposition of lithium ions.
Respiratory–Swallow Coordination and Its Relationship With Pharyngeal Residue, Penetration, and Aspiration in People With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Curtis James A. , Borders James C. , Kiefer Brianna , Alcalay Roy N. , Huber Jessica E. , Troche Michelle S.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Respiratory–swallow coordination (RSC) frequently changes in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). Little is known about how these changes relate to impairments in swallowing safety (penetration and aspiration) and efficiency (pharyngeal residue). Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the relationships between RSC, pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration in PwPD.

Method:

Twenty-four PwPD were recruited to undergo simultaneous assessment of RSC, swallowing safety, and swallowing efficiency. RSC was assessed using respiratory inductive plethysmography and nasal airflow and included measurements of respiratory pause duration, respiratory phase patterning, and lung volume during swallowing. Swallowing safety and efficiency were assessed using flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, analyzed using the Visual Analysis of Swallowing Efficiency and Safety, and included measurements of pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration. All data were blindly analyzed, with 20% of the data repeated for interrater reliability assessment. Multilevel statistical models were used to examine the relationships between RSC and swallowing.

Results:

A total of 812 swallows were analyzed from 24 participants. Only 33.4% of swallows exhibited the typical exhale–swallow–exhale pattern. Additionally, 95% of participants exhibited abnormal swallow function. More severe hypopharyngeal residue ratings were associated with inhaling before the swallow compared to exhaling before the swallow. Additionally, more severe events of penetration and aspiration were associated with (a) inhaling before the swallow compared to exhaling before the swallow, (b) inhaling after the swallow compared to exhaling after the swallow, and (c) longer swallow-related respiratory pause durations. Inhaling after the swallow exhibited the strongest relationship with impairments in swallowing safety when compared to all other RSC variables.

Conclusions:

RSC exhibited significant relationships with pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration in these PwPD. Clinicians should attend to RSC when assessing swallowing in PwPD. Future research is needed to examine if training an exhale–swallow–exhale pattern can be used to improve disordered swallowing in PwPD.

Open Science Form:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27211770
Building a Community for Clinical Fellows in Voice and Upper Airway Disorders
Authors: Myers Brett R. , Castro M. Eugenia , Sund Lauren Timmons , Zughni Lisa , Diaz Jennylee , Lloyd Adam T.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

The clinical fellowship (CF) in speech-language pathology may be a challenging experience as graduate students transition to clinicians. A grassroots committee of experts in voice and upper airway disorders (VUAD)—called Pathway for Advanced Voice Education and Service (PAVES)—organized community-building groups for clinical fellows. This article assesses the opportunities that PAVES offered clinical fellows specializing in VUAD to connect and build community with each other.

Method:

A survey about CF experiences was administered online to individuals who completed a CF in speech-language pathology, where at least 75% of their caseload included VUAD. The questions focused on a social media group and lecture series offered by PAVES that were aimed at building a community for clinical fellows. Survey respondents included individuals who participated in PAVES activities and those who did not.

Results:

Thirty-two respondents completed the survey: 44% of respondents participated in the Facebook group and 75% participated in the lecture series. Using a 10-point visual analog scale, respondents who participated in both groups rated greater feelings of community (
M
= 5.08,
SD
= 1.50) than those who did not participate in the groups (
M
= 3.14,
SD
= 2.12). Ratings for overall CF experience (
M
= 8.16,
SD
= 1.95) were not associated with feelings of community (
r
= .067,
p
= .716). Several other benefits from participating in the community-building groups were also reported.

Conclusions:

PAVES provided new opportunities for clinical fellows to connect with each other across the United States. This article presents a survey that assessed feelings of community in clinical fellows who participated in the community-building groups and those who did not. Results indicate that the groups were successful in enhancing feelings of community, and future directions are discussed to further benefit VUAD CF cohorts.
Breaking the rain barrier: A novel approach in image processing with AMGR‐Net
Authors: Li Hongxu , Zhang Wenpeng , Li Xueting , Li Chen
Published: October 2024

Image quality is significantly impacted by rain, posing challenges in fields like surveillance, autonomous driving, and outdoor robotics. The field of image deraining, particularly for single image, has attracted considerable attention to improve image clarity in inclement weather. To overcome the inherent complexity of the single‐image rain removal task, we proposed a novel architecture of the attention mechanism and gated recurrent network (AMGR‐Net) that combines spatial and channel attention mechanisms with gated recurrent units. AMGR‐Net contains multiple modules, each of which uses convolution kernels and attention mechanisms to enhance feature extraction. AMGR‐Net demonstrates superior performance over state‐of‐the‐art methods in both synthetic and real‐world image datasets, as evidenced by higher peak signal to noise ratio and structural similarity index measurement scores. The integration of spatial attention significantly enhances feature expression, enabling more effective rain streak removal and detail preservation. Furthermore, this method also shows promising results in the application of stripe noise removal from meteorological satellite cloud images.
Development of a compact metasurface antenna with reconfigurable pattern through mode combination technique for 5G mm‐wave applications
Authors: Hamlbar Gerami Hamed , Kazemi Robab
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a compact metasurface antenna with reconfigurable radiation patterns designed for 5G mm‐wave applications. The antenna consists of a metasurface with 3 × 3 unit cells of modified patches, two coupling slots on the ground plane, and a reconfigurable feeding network. The method of characteristic mode analysis is initially employed to identify the modes of the metasurface layer which are responsible for steering the radiation pattern of the antenna at angles of 0° and ±30°. By analysing the surface currents of these modes, the locations of the coupling slots are determined, making it easier to excite and combine the desired modes and steer the main beam of the antenna in specific directions. The pattern reconfigurability is achieved by switching PIN diodes in the microstrip feed network to excite the appropriate coupling slots. The proposed metasurface antenna, with dimensions of 0.9λ0 × 0.9λ0 × 0.08λ0 (where λ0 is the free space wavelength at the centre frequency of 27 GHz), was fabricated and tested. The experimental results showed a wide bandwidth of 22.71% achieved by combining the resonance frequencies of the slots and metasurface layer. Furthermore, the antenna exhibits three distinct main beams at +30°, 0°, and −30° with a peak gain of 8.95 dB.
Optimising energy consumption in Nano‐cryptography: Quantum cellular automata‐based multiplexer/demultiplexer design
Authors: N Aswathy , Siva Mangai N. M.
Published: October 2024

Future global communications will depend heavily on nano‐communication networks, which use ultra‐low power nano‐circuits to transmit data efficiently at very high rates. An essential part of distributed communication networks is the circuit‐switched network, which distributes the input signal among several users. For designing nanoscale digital circuits, Quantum Cellular Automata technology (QCA) emerges as a formidable contender against the established complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology for low‐power devices. The authors endeavour to achieve an efficient design for multiplexer and demultiplexer switching circuits. The designed multiplexer and demultiplexer have 15 cells with an area of 0.02 μm2 and a latency of 0.5 clock cycles. The authors assess the energy dissipation and temperature impacts for both multiplexer and demultiplexer circuits. The novel design of switch circuits facilitates the sharing of a single communication link across multiple devices at the nano‐scale.
Main-belt comets as contributors to the near-Earth objects population
Authors: Gabryszewski Ryszard , Wajer Paweł , Włodarczyk Ireneusz
Published: October 2024

Aims. Most studies of the dynamics of main-belt objects describing the evolution of the bodies in inner Solar System have been carried with models that include weak nongravitational forces, such as the Yarkovsky and YORP effects. Only about 19 objects exhibit cometary-type activity, with sublimation being the principal mechanism. This paper presents a study of the influence of cometary- type nongravitational forces on the dynamics of main-belt comets, and the possible paths and timescales of evolution into other Solar System regions.

Methods. We used the standard Marsden model for cometary-type activity. This model was designed for elongated orbits and the continuous ejection of mass, while the main-belt comets exhibit a different mode of activity. For this reason, we propose a simple model of nongravitational force activation that is consistent with observations. The dynamical evolution of objects was studied using a fifteenth-order RADAU integrator implemented in the REBOUND package.

Results. The paper presents the dynamical routes of main-belt comets in the inner Solar System when cometary-type nongravitational forces are included in calculations. The forces significantly shorten the time of transition to other regions compared to the Yarkovsky effect, shortening this time to as little as a few thousand years depending on the frequency of the activity and the A1, A2, and A3 Marsden constants. There is a large probability of a transition to near-Earth object(NEO)-type orbits for bodies with A2 < 0, which means that cometary-type nongravitational forces can be a non-negligible mechanism increasing the number of bodies in that population. The forces can also deliver active main-belt objects into mean motion resonances but can equally eject bodies into outer planetary regions on far shorter timescales than the Yarkovsky and YORP effects. Cometary-type nongravitational effects should be included in dynamical studies of individual sublimating active asteroids.
Energy equipartition in globular clusters through the eyes of dynamical models
Authors: Teodori M. , Straniero O. , Merafina M.
Published: October 2024

Context. Following their birth, globular clusters (GCs) experience a very peculiar dynamical evolution. Gravitational encounters drive these systems toward energy equipartition, mass segregation, and evaporation, which alter structural, spatial, and kinematic features.

Aims. We determine the dynamical state of a few GCs by means of a multi-mass King-like dynamical model. Our work focuses on the prediction of the energy equipartition degree and its relationship with model parameters.

Methods. We adjusted the dynamical model parameters in order to reproduce the observed velocity dispersion – as derived from Hubble Space Telescope proper motion data – as a function of the stellar mass. By doing so, we estimated Φ0, a measure of the gravitational potential well. We repeated the same fit by means of the Bianchini relation, a function obtained by interpolating on N-body simulation results. We studied the relationship between Φ0 and the Bianchini equipartition mass meq and discuss the structural properties, such as concentration c, the number of core relaxation timescales Ncore, and core radius rc. To obtain an independent estimate of Φ0, we also fitted observed surface brightness profiles using the predicted surface density and a mass-luminosity relation from isochrones.

Results. The quality of the fits of the velocity dispersion–mass relationship obtained by means of our dynamical model is comparable to those obtained with the Bianchini function. Nonetheless, when the Bianchini function is used to fit the projected velocity dispersion, the resulting degree of equipartition is underestimated. On the contrary, our approach provides the equipartition degree at any radial or projected distance by means of Φ0. As a result, a cluster in a more advanced dynamical state shows a larger Φ0, as well as larger Ncore and c, while rc decreases. We find the estimates of Φ0 obtained by fitting surface brightness profiles to be compatible at 2σ confidence level with those from internal kinematics, although further investigation of statistical and systematic errors is required.

Conclusions. Our work illustrates the predicting power of dynamical models to determine the energy equipartition degree of GCs. These models are a unique tool for determining structural and kinematic properties, and can be used where observational data are poor, as is the case for the most crowded regions of a cluster, where stars are barely resolved.
Autologous Contralateral and Ipsilateral Rotational Penetrating Keratoplasty – A Case Series and Mini-Review
Authors: Quintin Adrien , Serfözö Alexandra , Daas Loay , Suffo Shady , Seitz Berthold
Published: October 2024

Corneal stromal opacities can severely impact visual acuity if they are located in the visual axis. Homologous penetrating keratoplasty (HPK) is usually the preferred surgical option in such clinical circumstances. However, autologous penetrating keratoplasty (APK) could be an immunologically safer alternative. The purpose of this study was to report the surgical technique, indications, and (dis)advantages of ipsilateral rotational and contralateral APK, as well as pre- and postoperative clinical findings of four patients who underwent contralateral APK. In ipsilateral rotational APK, eccentric trephination places the central corneal opacity at the excision edge, whereafter the corneal button is rotated to clear the visual axis. Contralateral APK is suitable for more specific clinical situations with corneal opacity in a functionally much better eye. Clear cornea of the (almost) blind eye suffering from a noncorneal pathology is transplanted to the potentially better seeing
eye suffering from a corneal pathology, followed by HPK in the (almost) blind donor eye. After 18 months, potentially better-seeing eyes improved from logMAR 1.3 to 0.6 in visual acuity, with most HPK-treated weaker eyes matching preoperative levels. Considering ipsilateral rotational and contralateral APK before moving on straight towards HPK is crucial in select cases. Autologous contralateral keratoplasty should be preferred for patients with (1) corneal scars in a potentially better seeing eye and (2) a clear cornea in an (almost) blind eye, especially in cases of high risk for graft rejection.
Die Häufigkeit von Augenverletzungen in Deutschland von 2008 bis 2022: eine Analyse der Qualitätsberichte der Krankenhäuser
Authors: Lang Stefan J. , Böhringer Daniel , Agostini Hansjürgen , Kuklinski Martin , Reinhard Thomas , Sturm Annette , Le-Deffge Hien , Gabel-Pfisterer Amelie
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund Augenverletzungen können von leichten bis hin zu schweren Verletzungen reichen und zu dauerhaften Sehkrafteinschränkungen führen. Für Deutschland existieren bisher wenige epidemiologische Daten zu Augenverletzungen.

Ziel Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die objektive Erfassung leichter und schwerer Augenverletzungen in Deutschland mittels Auswertung der Qualitätsberichte der Krankenhäuser. Zudem soll die Relevanz von feuerwerksbedingten Verletzungen in Relation zur Gesamtzahl der Augenverletzungen und der Bevölkerung gesetzt werden.

Methoden In dieser retrospektiven Routinedatenuntersuchung wurden die Qualitätsberichte der Krankenhäuser aus den Jahren 2008 bis 2022 im XML-Format ausgewertet. Die Datenverarbeitung und statistische Auswertung erfolgten mit der Programmiersprache R. Die Anzahl der codierten Augenverletzungen wurde zusammen mit den Ortsdaten auf Ebene der Bundesländer exportiert und analysiert. Zusätzlich wurden Daten einer prospektiven Umfragestudie zu feuerwerksbedingten Augenverletzungen von 2016 bis 2023 einbezogen.

Ergebnisse Die häufigste behandelte Augenverletzung in Deutschland ist die Prellung des Augapfels und/oder der Orbita mit bis zu 2500 Fällen pro Jahr. Bei den schweren Verletzungen treten am häufigsten traumatische Augapfeleröffnungen mit Verlust von intraokularem Gewebe auf (bis zu 990 Fälle pro Jahr). Ab 2020 zeigt sich ein Rückgang aller Augenverletzungen. Prozentual werden in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern mit bis zu 0,017% am meisten Augenverletzungen behandelt, absolut gesehen in Nordrhein-Westfalen mit bis zu 1600 Verletzungen. Private Feuerwerkskörper sind vermutlich für 1,4% der jährlichen Bulbusrupturen und 8,3% der Bulbusprellungen verantwortlich.

Schlussfolgerung Die Auswertung der Krankenhausqualitätsberichte liefert erstmals umfassende epidemiologische Daten zu Augenverletzungen in Deutschland. Feuerwerksbedingte Verletzungen machen einen relevanten Anteil der Gesamtverletzungen aus. Die Ergebnisse können als Grundlage für präventive Maßnahmen und gesundheitspolitische Entscheidungen dienen.
Primärärztliche Labordiagnostik autoimmuner Lebererkrankungen – Short review
Authors: Moßhammer Dirk , Reichert Matthias Christian
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund und Zielsetzung Erhöhte Leberwerte (ELW) sind in Deutschland häufig. Ärzten der Primärversorgung kommt eine besondere Rolle in der Früherkennung von Lebererkrankungen zu. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, eine Übersicht für Ärzte im primärärztlichen Sektor über autoimmune Lebererkrankungen zu schaffen, mit dem Fokus auf die Labordiagnostik.

Methode Als Referenz dienen die nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien und Übersichtsartikel, ergänzt durch die aktuellen Prävalenzdaten des Zentralinstituts kassenärztliche Vereinigung (ZI).

Ergebnisse Im Jahr 2022 erhielten von den rund 59 Millionen primärärztlichen Patienten ab dem 20. Lebensjahr ca. 50–60/100 000 eine gesicherte Diagnose einer Autoimmun-Hepatitis oder primär biliären Cholangitis (nach ICD-10-GM-Diagnose). Die Diagnosen wurden bei Frauen 2- bis 6-mal häufiger gestellt als bei Männern. Die primär sklerosierende Cholangitis kam bei rund 10/100 000 primärärztlichen behandelten Personen vor; Frauen waren bis zu 2-mal häufiger betroffen, insbesondere ab einem Lebensalter von 60 Jahren. Daten zu Ätiologie, Klinik, labordiagnostischen Parametern, Therapiemöglichkeiten und Prognosedaten zu den 3 Krankheitsentitäten werden in diesem Artikel in Kürze dargestellt.

Schlussfolgerung Die Labordiagnostik ist für die Diagnose autoimmuner Lebererkrankungen der zentrale Schritt. Ein generelles Laborwerte-Screening bei ELW ist jedoch nicht ratsam. Vielmehr muss bedacht werden, dass für diese Marker in der primärärztlichen Versorgung bislang keine validierten Kennzahlen vorliegen. Die Interpretation dieser Laborwerte ist also komplex. Es ist deshalb ratsam, unter Berücksichtigung der häufigen (und weniger häufigen) Ursachen, die zu ELW führen können, eine Bestimmung dieser speziellen Laborparameter in Betracht zu ziehen.
Ultrasound elastography: a brief clinical history of an evolving
technique
Authors: Dietrich Christoph F. , Dong Yi , Cui Xin-Wu , Fink Mathias , Jenssen Christian , Moeller Kathleen , Sandrin Laurent , Tsuneyoshi Sugimoto , Tanter Mickael
Published: October 2024

The history of the emerging elastographic technique is presented. Ultrasound
imaging of elasticity and tissue strain has gained clinical acceptance as an
established technique useful in routine daily clinical practice.
Entwicklung eines vorläufigen Best Practice Modells für
stationsäquivalente psychiatrische Behandlung aus Sicht von Nutzer*innen:
Konsensprozess mit partizipativen Anteilen
Authors: Schwarz Julian , Scheunemann Kim , Mundry Hannah , Kula Emma , Randzio Nadine , Salzmann Marie , Längle Gerhard , Raschmann Svenja , Holzke Martin , Brieger Peter , Hamann Johannes , Hardt Olaf , Rout Sandeep , Hirschmeier Constance , Herwig Uwe , Senner Simon , Richter Janina , Timm Jürgen , Kilian Reinhold , Nikolaidis Konstantinos , Weinmann Stefan , Bechdolf Andreas , von Peter Sebastian
Published: October 2024

Ziel Die stationsäquivalente Behandlung (StäB) ist neuartig in Deutschland
und bedarf daher einer Qualitätsentwicklung. Es wird ein Best Practice Modell
(BPM) für StäB aus Sicht von Nutzer*innen erarbeitet.

Methodik 1. Sammeln und Ordnen der Evidenz zu Qualitätskriterien
(Literaturrecherche; n=55 Interviews), 2. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse und
Formulierung von Kriterien; 3. Konsentierung und Gruppierung der Kriterien
(modifiziertes Delphi-Verfahren).

Ergebnisse Es wurden 58 Best Practice Kriterien in 8 Gruppen entwickelt:
1. Information, Zugang und Krisenmanagement; 2. Rahmen der Behandlung,
Behandlungsende und Kontinuität; 3. Terminplanung, Organisation der Kontakte und
Flexibilität; 4. Praktische Unterstützung und Aktivierung; 5. Behandlungs- und
Therapieangebote; 6. Behandlungsteam und Mitarbeiter*innen; 7. Angehörige,
Bezugspersonen und Community und 8. Privatsphäre und Verhalten im häuslichen
Umfeld.

Schlussfolgerung Das BPM gibt erste Hinweise für eine
nutzer*innenfokussierte Überprüfung der Umsetzung von StäB.
Consensus Statement on the Outcome of the European Herbal Health Products Summit – Which Way Forward?
Authors: Heinrich Michael , Reiken Babette , Roether Bernd , Müller Angela , Rumsch Julia , Symma Nico
Published: October 2024

Herbal medicinal products are a vital part of the healthcare system in Europe and beyond. Being predominantly sold as non-prescription medicines in pharmacies, they are very popular with patients, physicians, and pharmacists and are therefore an important part of self-medication. Interest in this sector has recently gained momentum, reflecting the ongoing revision of the general pharmaceutical legislation and the recent discussion on nutrition and health claims on foods based on the implementation report of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 by the European Parliament 1. Therefore, on 20th February 2024, the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA), in collaboration with the German Pharmaceutical Industry Association (BPI) and the German Medicines Manufacturersʼ Association (BAH, now Pharma Deutschland), hosted an in-person summit in Brussels entitled ‘European Herbal Health Products Summit – Which way forward?ʼ. The summit
featured a wide range of speakers, including policymakers, regulatory authorities, industry representatives, and academic experts. It was divided into several sessions covering topics such as the future and relevance of herbal medicinal products in the EU, the revision of the EU pharmaceutical legislation, and the resulting impact on herbal medicinal products. Furthermore, the discussions delved into the “Health Claims Regulation” – the European Parliamentʼs implementation report and the related regulatory challenges of herbal medicinal products at an EU level. This consensus paper summarises the current status and provided recommendations to pave the way for future strategies to ascertain the continued use of herbal medicinal products as an important therapeutic option for patients.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists significantly affect the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy
Authors: Abu-Freha Naim , Yitzhak Avraham , Shirin Haim , Nevo-Shor Anat , Abu-Jaffar Jafar , Abu-Rafe Samer , Afianish Yaser , Cohen Daniel L. , Bermont Anton
Published: October 2024

Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) affect gastrointestinal motility, slowing gastric emptying and colonic transit. GLP-1RAs have an impact on gastric residue before endoscopy, but only limited data are available regarding its effect on the adequacy of colonic preparation. We investigated the association between GLP-1RA use and inadequate bowel preparation (IBP) for colonoscopy.

Methods We performed a multicenter retrospective study with GLP-1RA cases matched with controls (using propensity scores for age, sex, diabetes mellitus [DM], obesity, and co-morbidities). Data on demographics, medication use, procedural indications, and colonoscopy findings were collected. IBP (“poor preparation” on Aronchik scale or Boston Bowel preparation scale <5) was the primary outcome.

Results 4876 patients treated with GLP-1RAs were included in the analysis and compared with 4876 controls selected from 333 648 patients without GLP-1RA use. Among the GLP-1RA patients, 10% (n = 487) had IBP compared with 197 (4%) of the control group (P<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed a higher rate of IBP among diabetic patients treated with GLP-1RA (284/2364 [12%]) than among diabetic patients without GLP-1RA treatment (118/2364 [5%]; P<0.001). Additionally, 203/2512 nondiabetic patients treated with GLP-1RAs had IBP (8%) compared with 79 of the nondiabetic non-GLP-1RA group (3%; P<0.001). On multivariate analysis, diabetes and GLP-1RA use were both found to be independent risk factors for IBP (odds ratio [OR] 1.4 and OR 2.7, respectively; both P<0.001).

Conclusion Our findings highlight the necessity for special attention and tailored recommendations for both diabetic and nondiabetic patients treated with GLP-1RAs in terms of colonic preparation prior to colonoscopy.
Taking a Team Approach: Keep Up with the EHR with a Training and Optimization Program
Authors: McEntee Rachel K. , Hitt Juvena R. , Sieja Amber
Published: October 2024

Objectives This study aimed to describe the current landscape of electronic health record (EHR) training and optimization programs (ETOPs) and their impact on health care workers' (HCWs) experience with the EHR.

Methods A 72-question electronic survey was developed and distributed to health care organization (HCO) leaders in clinical informatics (Chief Medical Information Officer [CMIO]/Chief Nursing Information Officer [CNIO]/Medical Informatics Executive, Associate CMIO/Medical Director of, Clinical/Nurse/Physician Informaticist) through various channels such as national informatics conferences, social media, and email distribution lists of vendors and informatics associations. The survey collected data on the characteristics, resourcing, approach, and outcomes of ETOPs. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the data.

Results There were 193 responses from 147 distinct HCOs. Of these, 69% offer ongoing EHR training, and 52% offer some version of an ETOP. Offered ETOPs vary in their timing, modality, audience, team composition, duration, and EHR build strategy. The most commonly measured outcomes were EHR satisfaction, efficiency, and provider burnout, and most ETOPs reported improvement in these areas.

Conclusion The findings suggest that ETOPs are inconsistently implemented across HCOs, and while there are some commonalities, there is a wide variety of designs and methods of evaluation for the programs. Though the problems to solve (EHR efficiency, proficiency, and satisfaction) are the same, the organizational structure and culture of HCOs vary widely, which may partially explain the variability seen in reported ETOPs. When considering the measured outcomes, ETOPs may have direct and indirect effects on HCW burnout by improving EHR efficiency and satisfaction, as well as driving organizational culture toward teamwork and flexible problem-solving. For this reason, ETOPs may also serve as a model for addressing other challenges in health care delivery. ETOPs are a promising intervention to enhance HCW experience with the EHR and reduce burnout. More research is needed to identify the optimal features, methods, and outcomes of ETOPs, and to disseminate them across HCOs.
Effect of Listening Music on Nulliparous Singleton Pregnancies Who Underwent Induction of Labor: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Saccone Gabriele , Malferà Maria Chiara , D'Antonio Lucia , Gallo Pasquale , Ammendola Alessandra , Buonomo Giorgia , Colacurci Dario , Zapparella Rosanna , Locci Mariavittoria
Published: October 2024

Objective A recent randomized clinical trial (RCT) showed that listening to music reduces the pain level and anxiety levels in women with spontaneous labor at term. The effect on pregnant women undergoing induction of labor is still unclear.

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that in nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies, undergoing induction of labor at term, listening to music would reduce the pain level during labor.

Study Design Parallel group, non-blinded, RCT conducted at a single center in Italy. Nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies and vertex presentation, admitted for induction of labor with either oral or vaginal prostaglandins, between 370/7 and 420/7 weeks, were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive music during induction of labor or no music during induction. The endpoints of the trials were the pain level during induction, and in the active phase of labor, recorded using the visual analog scale for pain, ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). The effect of music use on each outcome was quantified as the mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results During the study period, 30 women agreed to take part in the study, underwent randomization, and were enrolled and followed up. Fifteen women were randomized in the music group and 15 in the control group. No patients were lost to follow-up for the primary outcome. Pain level during the induction procedure was 8.8 ± 0.9 in the music group, and 9.8 ± 0.3 in the control group (MD −2.60 points, 95% CI −3.94 to −1.26; p < 0.01). Music during labor and delivery was also associated with decreased anxiety during the induction procedure (MD −3.80 points, 95% CI −5.53 to −2.07; p < 0.01).

Conclusion In nulliparous women, listening to music during the induction of labor reduces pain and anxiety levels.

Key Points
Auricular Reconstruction
Authors: Kurian Keerthi E. , Oyer Samuel L. , Park Stephen S.
Published: October 2024

The auricle is susceptible to various injuries due to its location and projection from the scalp. The unique contours of the external ear makes reconstruction a challenging endeavor. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of auricular reconstruction, based on the depth, location, and size of injury. Strategies for reconstructing superficial, composite, and full-thickness injuries are discussed in relation to the location of the defect. Targeted reconstructive options for injuries of the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the auricle are outlined. Methods for total auricular reconstruction and auricular prosthesis are discussed. Options for managing traumatic injuries are reviewed, including avulsion/amputation injuries, burns, electrical injuries, frostbite, and human/animal bites. This chapter provides a practical framework for surgeons faced with complex auricular defects, offering insights to recreate a discreet, harmonious ear.
Datennutzung für eine bessere Gesundheitsversorgung–Plädoyer für eine
kooperative Forschungsdatenplattform der gesetzlichen und privaten
Krankenversicherung und dem Netzwerk Universitätsmedizin (NUM)
Authors: Schmitt Jochen , Ihle Peter , Schoffer Olaf , Reese Jens-Peter , Ortmann Steffen , Swart Enno , Hanß Sabine , Hoffmann Falk , Stallmann Christoph , Kraus Monika , Semler Sebastian Claudius , Heyder Ralf , Vehreschild Jörg Janne , Heuschmann Peter , Krefting Dagmar , Sedlmayr Martin , Hoffmann Wolfgang ,   und die gemeinsame Arbeitsgruppe „Externe Daten“ des Netzwerks
                        Universitätsmedizin (NUM) und der Medizininformatik-Initiative*
Published: October 2024

Das BMBF fördert mit dem Netzwerk Universitätsmedizin (NUM) und der
Medizininformatik-Initiative (MII) zwei richtungsweisende strukturbildende
Forschungsmaßnahmen, die nun zusammengeführt werden. Die
Datenintegrationszentren (DIZ) der MII sollen im NUM verstetigt werden. Ziel ist
der Aufbau einer einheitlichen Dateninfrastruktur, innerhalb der die vorhandenen
Daten aus der klinischen Routineversorgung der 36 deutschen Universitätskliniken
des NUM, aus klinischen Kohorten und klinisch-epidemiologischen Studien auf
Antrag und über abgestimmte Prozesse für unterschiedliche Forschungsfragen
genutzt werden können. Rechtsgrundlage bildet hierfür der mit Ethikkommissionen
und Datenschutzbehörden abgestimmte und in allen NUM-Standorten implementierte
„Broad Consent“ der Universitätsmedizin mit einem so genannten „Kassenmodul“,
das die Erhebung und Verlinkung von medizinischen Routinedaten der gesetzlichen
Krankenversicherung (GKV) und der privaten Krankenversicherungen (PKV) als eine
Kategorie versorgungsnaher Daten (VeDa) erlaubt. Die Verknüpfung dieser
Routinedaten mit Daten aus Klinikinformationssystemen bietet ein besonders hohes
Potenzial, da keine Datenquelle allein ein vollständiges Bild der medizinischen
Versorgung zeichnet und sich die beiden Datenquellen ideal komplementär
ergänzen. Ziel ist es nun, in einer strategischen Partnerschaft mit gesetzlichen
Krankenkassen und privaten Krankenversicherungen diese Routinedaten in die
sichere, transparente und partizipative Forschungsinfrastruktur des NUM zu
integrieren. Dies fördert den Forschungsstandort Deutschland und trägt
entscheidend dazu bei, die Qualität und Sicherheit der Gesundheitsversorgung in
Deutschland evidenzbasiert zu verbessern.
Visible-Light-Induced Photoredox Construction of Trifluoromethylated Quaternary All-Carbon Centers and Tertiary Alcohols via C(sp3)–Si Bond Cleavage
Authors: Bai Dachang , Ma Dandan , Chang Lingna , Cai Yue
Published: October 2024

The construction of trifluoromethylated quaternary carbon centers and tertiary alcohols is realized by organo-photoredox catalysis. The process proceeds via visible-light-induced C(sp3)–Si bond cleavage for the generation of α-trifluoromethylated benzyl radicals, which are readily trapped by electron-deficient alkenes with excellent regioselectivity for the construction of trifluoromethylated quaternary all-carbon centers. The α-difluoromethyl counterparts are also suitable for this radical conjugate addition. Furthermore, the in situ oxidation of these α-trifluoromethylated radicals with O2 from air affords tertiary alcohols in high yields, which extends the Fleming–Tamao reaction to tertiary carbon systems.
Three-Component Syntheses of Functionalized Selenocyanates
Authors: Ostapiuk Yurii V. , Schmidt Andreas , Barabash Oksana V. , Ostapiuk Mary Y. , Herzberger Colin , Plieth Mattes
Published: October 2024

A metal-free Meerwein-type arylation protocol of α,β-unsaturated compounds is reported. 4-Aryl-3-selenocyanatobutan-2-ones, methyl 3-aryl-2-selenocyanatopropanoates, 3-aryl-2-selenocyanatopropanenitriles, and 1-aryl-2-phenyl-2-selenocyanatoethanes were prepared by a selenocyanatoarylation reaction from easily available arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates, potassium selenocyanate, and methyl vinyl ketone, methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, or styrene, respectively, in 39–84% yields. The reaction proceeds smoothly and quickly under mild reaction conditions. The reaction can be scaled to the gram scale. A mechanism for this reaction is proposed.
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor of the Spinal Canal: A Rare Presentation in a Female Pediatric Patient
Authors: Ahuja Sana , Malik Shaivy , Yadav Vivek , Ahluwalia Charanjeet
Published: October 2024

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and aggressive malignancy primarily affecting young individuals, typically originating in the abdominal cavity. While spinal involvement by DSRCT is exceedingly rare, especially in pediatric patients, recognizing such atypical presentations is crucial for optimal management. Here, we present a case of DSRCT involving the spinal canal in a 3-year-old female child, representing one of the youngest documented instances in the literature. Initial symptoms included weakness, lower limb pain, and urinary incontinence. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhancing soft tissue lesion in the spinal canal, prompting tumor excision and histopathological examination. The tumor exhibited characteristic features of DSRCT, including small round cells within a desmoplastic stroma. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis, showing positivity for Wilms tumor 1, epithelial membrane antigen, desmin, and synaptophysin. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing rare tumors like spinal DSRCT, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach to differential diagnosis and individualized treatment strategies.
Structural Alterations in Diverticular Disease
Authors: Lopez Kerri , Maguire Lillias H.
Published: October 2024

Clinicians appreciate the structural alterations of diverticular disease when navigating narrow, angulated colons with a colonoscope or removing stiff, fixed sigmoid colons at surgery. Investigation of these tissues reveals increased thickness of smooth muscle, alterations in the amount and structure of the extracellular matrix, and changes to the motility of the colon. More sophisticated technologies now allow scientists to unravel the connections between these alterations and the individual genetic background. This article explores the structural alterations of diverticular disease including collagen, smooth muscle, the enteric nervous system, and the interstitial cells of Cajal.
A Case of Giant Extracalvarial Epidermal Cyst with Intracranial Extension
Authors: Bhasme Vishal , Jain Divya
Published: October 2024

Extracalvarial epidermal cysts are benign, uncommon type of tumors. Their incidence is around 0.2 to 1%. They are usually asymptomatic except for the absurd swelling over the scalp, which is associated with headache and rarely neurological deficits. Proper radiological diagnosis with accurate surgical approach and excision with capsule gives a good prognosis and prevents recurrence. Here we present the case of a 75-year-old gentleman with a large swelling over the scalp with mild pain. Surgical excision of the tumor with capsule was done followed by cranioplasty. The histopathology was consistent with an epidermal cyst. Case reports pertaining to such conditions are few.