bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Making Of A Civil Rights Activist
Authors: Cohen Robert
Published: November 2023

Since Mario Savio’s last act as a high school student was delivering a politically conscious speech, one might expect him to have emerged quickly as a college student activist. But this did not happen. He devoted his freshman year at Manhattan College in 1960–61 to his studies rather than to politics. The direction of his scholarship was, however, somewhat subversive. Although attending college on a science scholarship and majoring in physics, he focused on the classics, in effect using courses in ancient Greek history, philosophy, and literature to help distance himself from Catholicism. Savio “fell in love with the Greeks,” who epitomized for him “a pre- and hence non-Christian culture . . . Greek literature and philosophy provided me a position to examine the Church critically Although hardly the intent” of the Christian Brothers who ran the college, Manhattan was, for Savio “an ideal setting in which he could “think my way out of the Church.” Thus while not yet a political activist, Savio was intellectually and spiritually, as he put it, a “sort of school rebel.”
Dying In The Saddle
Authors: Cohen Robert
Published: November 2023

The final political battle of Mario Savio’s life erupted at Sonoma State University in fall 1996. The issue was a proposed $300 fee hike that he believed regressive; sneaking in tuition under another name, it made the university too expensive for low-income students. This “differential fee,” proposed by President Armiñana, would have to be approved by a referendum before it could be implemented. To Savio the process by which the administration promoted the fee proposal seemed unethical: the administration used its influence to discourage opposition and its resources to flood the campus with pro-fee-hike propaganda while failing to provide equal access to the fee’s critics. He saw this as a free speech issue, since one side’s views were privileged over the other’s without a fair hearing, making a mockery of the democratic process.
In Defense Of Affirmative Action: The Case Against Proposition 209
Authors: Cohen Robert
Published: November 2023

Affirmative action is under attack in California. Proposition 209, on California’s November ballot, is one of the most important measures that state voters will ever be called upon to decide. This proposition, misleadingly referred to as the California Civil Rights Initiative (CCRI), would end all affirmative action in state government hiring, contracting and college admissions. Its deceptive clause (c) would seriously erode legal protections for women. If passed, this initiative could set back the cause of equality to a time when people’s only legal recourse was mass demonstrations.
The Petite Predator
Authors: Hansen Kevin
Published: November 2023

We keep the big carnivores in here,” announces Karen Cebra, pulling open the doors of a large wooden cabinet. From the shelves within, rows of enormous skulls stare down at us with large, empty eye sockets. The bone has a yellow cast under the fluorescent light. There are bear, jaguar, and African lion. “The lynxes and bobcats are over here,” she says turning to face a row of five metal specimen cabinets. “Skulls and postcranial skeletons here,” she says pointing to one of the end cabinets. “And study skins over here.” She steps forward and removes each containers’ front panel. Both are filled with stacked wooden drawers. We are in the main collection room of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. As Collections Manager in the Department of Ornithology and Mammalogy, Karen oversees one of the largest bird and mammal collections in North America. She also assists the hundreds of academics, scholars, students, writers, and artists who use the collection each year. “The mammal collection has 23,931 specimens,” she explains. “We’re in the process of inventorying and updating the scientific names of all specimens, as well as putting the names on a computerized database. Come get me if you have any questions,” she smiles, then disappears around a corner.
From Den to Death
Authors: Hansen Kevin
Published: November 2023

Harley Shaw walks over and follows my gaze to the ground at my feet. Slipping off his pack, he squats for a closer examination. Nestled in the loose dirt is the outline of a mountain lion track—a big one. “Good eyes,” he says, smiling. “Looks like you’re getting the hang of it. It’s a big tom—the first male we’ve seen this year.” As I try to burn the image of the track into my mind, Harley glances around. “Here’s some more,” he says, pointing at the ground farther up the road. He squats to examine the others, then glances up the canyon with a puzzled look. “What is it?” I ask. “I think he has a kill cached up this canyon somewhere. These tracks are going up the canyon,” he says pointing at the ones near his feet, then gestures to the ones near my feet, “those are coming back down.”
From Predator to Pelt
Authors: Hansen Kevin
Published: November 2023

Dave Fjelline was born 150 years too late. His wiry build, weathered face, and full beard make him seem better suited for sharing a campfire with Jedediah Smith or John Colter. Dave is a man at home in the outdoors, and he makes his living as a professional trapper and houndsman. Employed by Placer County, a 1,500-square-mile area in northern California that extends from the agricultural Central Valley to the high Sierra Nevada, Fjelline is responsible for catching and killing wildlife that cause damage to private property. “Most of my daily control work now is coyote and beaver,” he says, feeding chunks of wood into a pot-bellied stove. “Coyote because of attacks on sheep, and beaver because of the damage they cause to irrigation levees and mitigation sites. Beaver are the biggest pest. They are the largest contributor to financial loss in Placer County. In addition to the levee damage, they girdle fruit trees. Just today I looked at one 300-year-old blue oak tree that had been girdled by a beaver.”
Work Effort among the Poor
Authors: Cherry Robert
Published: November 2023

The belief that there are intergenerational communal norms, causing the poor to have dysfunctional behavioral traits, has been characterized as the “culture-of-poverty” thesis. In the United States, a repository of these negative stereotypes has been the black community, which has been perceived to lack a strong work ethic and other proper behavioral traits. Courtland Milloy lamented: Not a whole heck of a lot has changed since that 1991 General Social Survey by the National Opinion Research Center, which found that most whites think blacks are lazy, violence-prone, less intelligent and less patriotic. Even sadder, nearly 30 percent of black people felt the same way about themselves.
Domestic Violence, Teen Childbearing, and Race
Authors: Cherry Robert
Published: November 2023

In 1985, the birth rate for black women 15–17 years of age was 69.2 (per 1,000), almost triple the rate for comparably aged white women. After having continuously declined for more than 20 years, the rate increased over the next five years by almost 20 percent to 82.3, and the rate for black women 18–19 years of age increased by 15 percent to 152.9. Most troubling to some, 95 percent of these black births were to unwed mothers.
Economy
Authors: Bertman Stephen
Published: November 2023

In the contemporary Western world, a nation’s economy is conceptualized in secular terms: it is the product of human effort and choice, on the one hand, and the operation of impersonal forces such as supply and demand, on the other. In ancient Mesopotamia, however, the economy was ultimately a sacred entity: however human its participants might be, its success was dependent upon the favor of divine powers. Moreover, while today’s economy is interpreted by specialists called economists, the ancient economy was guided by specialists called priests.
Mesopotamia and Sacred Scripture
Authors: Bertman Stephen
Published: November 2023

Mesopotamian civilization had a far greater impact on the Old Testament than the New. Mesopotamia’s cultural values and literary influence are especially evident in the book of Genesis, while its military and political history shaped the lives and times of the Hebrew prophets.
Ecological Network Meltdown from Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
Authors: Solé Ricard V , Montoya José M
Published: November 2023

Human-induced habitat alteration is the major cause leading to biodiversity loss and eventually to ecosystem collapse. The response of communities to habitat loss depends on both species’ characteristics and the extent to which species interact. In this sense, habitat destruction may yield qualitatively new consequences when considering species that are embedded in an intrincate web of ecological relationships. Here we review the theory linking habitat loss and food webs, from single predator-prey interactions to large food webs. We present a new multitrophic model for simulating the dynamics of multispecies ecosystems in fragmented landscapes. The model shows that as habitat destruction increases, predators are lost first, then herbivores and finally producers. But the interaction between trophic levels yields new outcomes not predicted when a single trophic level is observed alone, as trophic cascades. Our analysis of multispecies ecosystems indicates that the effects of habitat loss and those of network structure interact in new but predictable ways, and, therefore, their integration is necessary and useful for a deep understanding of the effects of habitat alteration on ecosystems.
Peter at the Passion
Authors: Ehrman Bart D
Published: November 2023

The New Testament Gospels have sometimes been called “Passion narratives with long introductions.” The scholar who came up with this phrase meant that these books are largely about the suffering, death, and resurrection of Jesus. Everything else in Jesus’ life—his entire public ministry—is a preliminary to these key events. This can be seen to some extent simply in the amount of space the Gospel writers devote to the events of Jesus’ last days. Our earliest Gospel, Mark, for example, devotes six of its sixteen chapters to the last week of Jesus’ life. Our latest canonical Gospel, John, covers three years of Jesus’ ministry in the first eleven chapters, and the final week in the other ten.
Peter: Christian Author and Martyr
Authors: Ehrman Bart D
Published: November 2023

Anyone who was anyone in the ancient world could write. There were exceptions, possibly exceptions that prove the rule, such as Jesus. But for the most part, the people who were remembered were the literary elite.
The Apostle Paul: Polling Our Sources
Authors: Ehrman Bart D
Published: November 2023

Has there ever been a Christian figure as controversial as the apostle Paul? It was a new understanding of Paul’s letters that led Martin Luther to split from the Catholic Church, leading to the Protestant Reformation and a division within Christendom that continues down to our own day. Churches of all description continue to wrangle over Paul’s teachings: some insist that his writings oppose women in the ordained ministry, while others argue just the opposite; some claim that his letters denounce same-sex relations, and others assert the contrary; some argue that his letters support Western forms of capitalism, while others say it is just the opposite.
Paul’s Impassioned Allies
Authors: Ehrman Bart D
Published: November 2023

Paul, as we have seen, was a highly controversial figure, both in his own time and afterward. Charismatic figures always are. Charisma is like a magnet, ineluctably drawing some people in and, when the polarity is reversed, forcefully pushing others away. Just think of the reactions generated by public figures with charisma in our own day, from politicians as different as Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton to political commentators as diverse as Rush Limbaugh and Michael Moore. Or think of the extreme range of reactions to such religious leaders as Jerry Falwell and Bishop John Spong. As different as all these people are, as avidly as they are adored or despised, they all have had one thing in common: an inordinate measure of personal charisma.
Mary During the Ministry of Jesus
Authors: Ehrman Bart D
Published: November 2023

It is extremely difficult to know about people who lived in the past. That’s why we need historians. Most of the billions of people who have ever lived on this planet are completely unknown and unknowable: they lived and died, leaving no trace. Of course that’s less true today than in earlier centuries. For most people in the American context, at least, there are obituaries. And as the computer age continues to advance, with e-mail and blogs joining the frenzy at breakneck speed, the record of our individual existences grows apace. Presumably some of these electronic traces of our lives are stored somewhere, for the amusement of future researchers (and the chagrin of some people who thought for some reason that e-mail was private).
Jesus and Mary in Conversation
Authors: Ehrman Bart D
Published: November 2023

People attach themselves to religious leaders for all sorts of reasons. Sometimes it is because of the message, a teaching so powerful and life-transforming that it is worth giving up everything to follow. Sometimes it is because of personal charm or charisma that naturally and irresistibly draws people in. Sometimes it is because of a personal interaction—special attention paid to one in need, repaid by a complete devotion to the cause. And sometimes it is all of these things.
International Health Agencies, Activities, and Other Actors
Authors: Birn Anne-Emanuelle , Pillay Yogan , Holtz Timothy H
Published: November 2023

This chapter explores the evolution of the principal international health agencies and their activities since the mid-20th century, describes the range and roles of other international health activities and actors, and lays out a set of current challenges facing international health.
Introduction
Authors: Neville Gwen Kennedy
Published: November 2023

The Twin Threads of kinship and pilgrimage run deep in the fabric of Protestant culture. Kinship, on the one hand, is a concept calling on all the reverences for family membership, parent-child relationships, honoring thy father and mother, belonging to a group of relatives who help one another and love one another, belonging to a closely knit community. Pilgrimage, on the other hand, summarizes the process of leaving home to seek one’ s fortune that forms the complementary side of Anglo-American Protestant life. One must leave the warm, loving relationship of family and kin in order to fulfill the obligation of becoming an individual, acting out one’ s destiny, being actualized as a self. These notions of family membership versus individual identity, of belonging versus breaking loose to succeed alone, form powerful motifs in Western literature, art, and religious writing. In plays, in films, in television dramas, in serious psychoanalytic works and psychological studies, as well as in the popular psychological analyses of magazines and advice columnists, in social science studies of community, individual, and society-in all these one finds repeated the antithetical ideals of being a part of a family and being an individual alone. These powerful themes are also expressed in social form. One of the most visible outcroppings of the generally subterranean configuration is in the complex of gatherings in the Southern United States known as reunions.
Family Enshrined— The Family Reunion
Authors: Neville Gwen Kennedy
Published: November 2023

Every Summer thousands of Southerners attend gatherings of relatives known as family reunions. The reunion as a type of event is, in fact, known throughout the United States and in many areas of the world where the Scots and their descendants have migrated. The reunion is styled out of a symbolic inventory shared by other outdoor services of worship and of kinship affirmation, and to those who attend the reunion of all the descendants of a common ancestor it takes on the aura of a sacred event, hallowing the kin group and the living family through an intricate symbolic expression of Protestant culture. The Family Reunion Every year since the early 1930s on the third Sunday in July, the Worthy family has gathered under the trees at the old camp meeting ground in North Georgia known as Clear Creek. By Saturday morning relatives have already begun to arrive and to unpack to stay overnight with one of the families who live nearby or to stay over at the family “tent,” a rough cabin that stands with other family tents in a circle around the aging, open-sided arbor, the central building of the campgrounds.
Covenant Community— The Denominational Conference Center
Authors: Neville Gwen Kennedy
Published: November 2023

Those Who Attend family reunions, church and cemetery homecomings, and camp meetings in the summer fall into an overall pattern of gathering and dispersal that defines the Protestant community and the Protestant individual. By going one’ s separate way and yet returning periodically to affirm one’ s affiliation with a broader network of kin, friends, and congregation, the Protestant pilgrim fulfills his or her calling to be faithful. The symbolic center for the gathering of the faithful within each denomination is the denominational summer community or conference center, where all the themes of sacredness can come into play. One such pilgrim center is the community I have studied in depth, the conference center and cottage community of Presbyterians at Montreat, North Carolina.1
Symbols, Meanings, and Social Form
Authors: Neville Gwen Kennedy
Published: November 2023

The reunion in the rural setting calls on a number of powerful traditional Christian images to portray symbolically the meanings associated with family, home, and community and the contradictions of meanings, the irreconcilable paradoxes, within the religion-familial system of Protestant culture. The family gathered at the reunion has the same social shape and many aspects of the form of liturgy seen in the religious gathering of people for the church homecoming or camp meeting; often one finds the reunion is held at the campgrounds or outdoors around the covered tables near the graveyard of the rural church. The Biblical images of household of God and family of faith are invoked to sacralize the human family by linking it to the ongoing unit of the church; the image of the communion of the saints as a collected body of heavenly and earthly Christians is linked with the specific human ancestors of a family through honor of the old and of the dead and through the tie of reunions to ancient family homeplaces and cemeteries. Sharing common food invokes the image of Holy Communion-in this case consisting of food prepared by the women of each family in the fashion of an offering consumed by all in the sacramental setting of the common table.
Models and Instruments of Cultural Transmission / Change
Authors: Harrison Lawrence E
Published: November 2023

How Does Culture Influence Behavior? How does culture change? What are the instruments or institutions through which cultural values, beliefs, and attitudes are transmitted from generation to generation? To what extent can these instruments and institutions be modified to nurture progressive cultural change? These are the questions addressed in this chapter.

I will first look at two models designed to explain cultural change and then review the instruments and institutions through which cultural values and attitudes are transmitted. The first of the two models of cultural change, which operates at the macro level, was presented at the March 2004 CMRP conference by political scientist Harvey Nelsen of the University of South Florida. The second, which operates at the micro level, is the work of Harvard sociologist Orlando Patterson, which appears in his chapter “Taking Culture Seriously” in Culture Matters.
Culture in Action I
Authors: Harrison Lawrence E
Published: November 2023

To Develop A Better Understanding of the complicated cause and effect interplay of cultural and other factors in the evolution of societies and the factors that bring about cultural change, we commissioned 27 case studies, most of them of countries but also of a region (Eastern Europe), a province (Quebec), a city (Novgorod, Russia), a Yoruba town in Nigeria, and an ethno-racial minority (African Americans). The essays summarized in this chapter appear in a companion book Developing Cultures: Case Studies, published by Routledge.
Culture in Action II
Authors: Harrison Lawrence E
Published: November 2023

Mariano Grondona, principal architect of the CMRP typology, is the author of the paper on Argentina. He discusses six political values related to democratic development: (1) tolerance; (2) the republican spirit; (3) law versus power; (4) the state above the government; (5) overcoming “cultural restriction”; and (6) the primacy of “vespertine” (“evening”) culture over “matutinal” (“morning”) culture.

(1) Tolerance. Grondona sees tolerance as the offspring of intolerance, in the sense that the consequences of intolerance, like murder or war, can be so grave that having experienced them, people are likely to shy away from a repetition. Post–Civil War Spain is a case in point (see section on Spain in this chapter). Tolerance is, in Grondona’s view, the precursor of pluralism.
Evangelical America at the Brink of Crisis
Authors: Marsden George M
Published: November 2023

In 1870 almost all American Protestants thought of America as a Christian nation. Although many Roman Catholics, sectarians, skeptics, and non Christians had other views of the matter, Protestant evangelicals considered their faith to be the normative American creed. Viewed from their dominant perspective, the nineteenth century had been marked by successive advances of evangelicalism, the American nation, and hence the kingdom of God. Although many saw some unmistakably ominous portents, few expected evangelical progress to cease.
D. L. Moody and a New American Evangelism
Authors: Marsden George M
Published: November 2023

“As he stood on the platform,” wrote the Reverend Lyman Abbott in praise of Dwight L. Moody, “he looked like a business man; he dressed like a business man; he took the meeting in hand as a business man would “ Abbot’s comment, written shortly before Moody’s death in 1899, points out some characteristics of Moody’s revivalism that since have sometimes been obscured. Moody’s evangelism had a degree of middle-class respectability about it that was not always present in American revivalism.
The Social Dimensions of Holiness
Authors: Marsden George M
Published: November 2023

Dispensationalist and Keswick teachings were two sides of the same movement; yet it is important to bear in mind that the movement had more than two sides. Arthur T. Pierson, prominent in both sub-movements, made this clear in Forward Movements of the Last Half Century, his end-of-century review of evangelical progress. Pierson gave special prominence to the holiness revival, especially of the Keswick variety, and ended with a brief account of premillennialism. But in between he devoted hundreds of pages to a wide variety of “philanthropic, missionary and spiritual movements” including rescue missions, city evangelization, orphanage work, student and young peoples’ movements, women’s work, Bible schools, missions of all kinds, evangelism among the specially needy, efforts for church unity, medical missions, “divine healing,” and increased prayer and spiritual life.
Presbyterians and the Truth
Authors: Marsden George M
Published: November 2023

Among Northern Presbyterians harmony seemed to occur only in brief interludes between controversies, and this was the case even during the relatively peaceful decades before the war. Two reasons in particular accounted for the difference between Presbyterians and Baptists. One was that the Presbyterians had developed organizational machinery for dealing with all differences through a series of ecclesiastical courts, the highest of which was the annual General Assembly. These courts, together with the perennial presence of a conservative party ready to prosecute doctrinal sins of either omission or commission, reduced the chances that Presbyterians would let theological differences coexist, or sleeping dogmas lie.
The Offensive Stalled and Breaking Apart: 1924-1925
Authors: Marsden George M
Published: November 2023

Although the liberals now conceded that the issue of fundamentalism versus modernism was a most serious one, they were a long way from conceding defeat. During 1924 both press and public were eager for any contribution to the ongoing spectacle of clergymen at each other’s throats. H. L. Mencken suggested building special stadia for these entertainments. In the spring of 1924 in New York City Charles Francis Potter, a Unitarian, debated John Roach Straton in a highly publicized series that added plausibility to such popular characterizations of the disputes. Certainly the liberals were not willing to let the fundamentalist charges go uncontested, and in 1924 a striking number of liberal spokesmen brought out strong defenses of their views.
Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan
Published: November 2023

In recent years, interest in non-Western curative techniques among Americans has grown by leaps and bounds. Integrative Body-Mind-Spirit Social Work is the first book to strongly connect Western therapeutic techniques with Eastern philosophy and practices, while also providing a comprehensive and pragmatic agenda for social work, and mental health professionals. This breakthrough text, written by a cast of highly regarded researchers from both Asia and America, presents a holistic, therapeutic approach that ties Eastern philosophy and practical techniques to Western forms of therapy in order to help bring about positive, transformative changes in individuals and families. Integrative therapy focuses on the mind-body-spirit relationship, recognizes spirituality as a fundamental domain of human existence, acknowledges and utilizes the mind's power as well as the body's, and reaches beyond self-actualization or symptom reduction to broaden a perception of self that connects individuals to a larger sense of themselves and to their communities. Here, the authors provide a pragmatic, step-by-step description of assessment and treatment techniques that employ an integrative, holistic perspective. They begin by establishing the conceptual framework of integrative body-mind-spirit social work, then expertly describe, step-by-step, assessment and treatment techniques that utilize integrative and holistic perspectives. Several case studies demonstrate the approach in action, such as one with breast cancer patients who participated in body-mind-spirit and social support groups and another in which trauma survivors used meditation to get onto a path of healing. These examples provide solid empirical evidence that integrative body-mind-spirit social work is indeed a practical therapeutic approach in bringing about tangible changes in clients. The authors also discuss ethical issues and give tips for learning integrative body-mind-spirit social work. Professionals in social work, psychology, counseling, and nursing, as well as graduate students in courses on integral, alternative, or complementary clinical practice will find this a much-needed resource that complements the growing interest in alternatives to traditional Western psychotherapy.
The Philosophical Underpinnings of Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work: Holistic Wellness and the Beauty of Harmony
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan
Published: November 2023

Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work attempts to expand beyond existing social work practice models and integrate a more holistic orientation based on Eastern philosophies and therapeutic techniques in order to create effective, positive, and transformative changes in individuals and families. A core philosophical position undertaken by Integrative Social Work is its holistic orientation, which emphasizes the body–mind–spirit connection with the larger environment. The emphasis is on a “both-and” perspective that views the client as a whole person with strengths and resources.
Nurturing the Body for Balance and Tranquility
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan
Published: November 2023

Psychosomatization and somatization are concepts widely used by mental health practitioners (Gelder et al., 1996; Goldberg, Benjamin, & Creed, 1994). The core idea is that somatic problems are psychogenic, and therefore, the focus of intervention should be psychosocial or behavioral. The importance of the “felt body” is grossly undermined. There is a belief that attending to somatic problems will diffuse the effectiveness of psycho-behavioral interventions. Excessive and unnecessary examination and treatment of somatic discomforts can be a maintaining factor because of the possible secondary gains for the client.
Ethics and Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan
Published: November 2023

Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work combines Western and Eastern philosophies and practices to help develop effective and competent social work practices; such an approach embraces a holistic approach to treatment and focuses on the body–mind–spirit connection. Although the social work profession has begun to embrace and celebrate a holistic approach to social work practice in recent years, issues concerning ethical practice have been raised regarding respect for spiritual diversity and clients’ self-determination (Canda, Nakashima, & Furman, 2004; Cnaan, Wineburg, & Boddie, 1999; Hodge, 2003). In addition, there are ethical issues pertaining to using treatment techniques involving body process work that will need to be thoughtfully considered. Besides addressing boundary issues between clients and social work professionals, we have to attend to boundary issues between social work practice and other disciplines, such as the fields of medicine, healthcare practice, and physiotherapy.
Learning Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan
Published: November 2023

Learning Integrative Body-Mind-Spirit Social Work requires interested professionals to acquire skills and knowledge relevant to a holistic approach that incorporates body, mind, and spirit in social work practice. We believe that there are some prerequisite skills and knowledge that professionals should possess prior to learning this approach. In addition, integrating holistic techniques into social work treatment involves revisiting values in addition to learning a new set of knowledge and skills. This chapter systematically describes the essence of each component and provides useful information and thinking pertaining to acquiring these skills. Integrative Body-Mind-Spirit Social Work believes in the strengths and inherent potential of individuals. Consistent with such a stance, we focus on how social work professionals can utilize, build, and expand upon their existing expertise and strengths to further develop a creative and beneficial therapeutic repertoire.
Laughing Fit To Kill
Authors: Carpio Glenda R
Published: November 2023

Modern black humour represents a rich history of radical innovation stretching back to the antebellum period. Laughing Fit to Kill reveals how black writers, artists, and comedians have used humour across two centuries as a uniquely powerful response to forced migration and enslavement. Glenda Carpio traces how, through various modes of “conjuring,” through gothic, grotesque and absurdist slapstick, through stinging satire, hyperbole, and burlesque, and through the strategic expression of racial stereotype itself, black humourists of all sorts have enacted “rituals of redress.” In highlighting the tradition and tropes of black humourists, Carpio illuminates the reach of slavery’s long arm into our contemporary popular culture. She convincingly demonstrates the ways that, for instance, Richard Pryor and Dave Chappelle’s modes of post-Civil Rights tragicomedy are deeply indebted to that of William Wells Brown and Charles Chesnutt’s 19th-century comedic conjuring. Likewise, she reveals how contemporary iconoclasts such as Ishmael Reed and Suzan-Lori Parks owe much to the intricate satiric grammar of black linguistic expression rooted in slavery. Carpio also demonstrates how Robert Colescott’s 1970s paintings and Kara Walker’s silhouette installations use a visual vocabulary to extend comedy in a visual register. The jokes in this tradition are bawdy, brutal, horrific and insurgent, and they have yet to be fully understood. Laughing Fit to Kill provides a new critical lexicon for understanding the jabbing punch-lines that have followed slavery’s long legacy.
What is Evidence-Based Practice?
Authors: Thyer Bruce A
Published: November 2023

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is receiving considerable attention within the general field of human services and within the disciplinary literatures of specific professions, such as medicine, psychiatry, psychology, social work, marital and family therapy, chiropractic, and nursing, among others. Although it may be premature to label this movement a revolution, it is evident that something serious is afoot, as well as something compellingly different from precursor initiatives.
Implementation of Practice Guidelines and Evidence-Based Treatment A Survey of Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Social Workers
Authors: Mullen Edward J , Bacon William
Published: November 2023

Evidence-based practice and the associated use of practice guidelines have become important emphases in recent years within social work, psychology, and psychiatry (e.g., Gibbs, 2003; Weissman & Sanderson, 2001). These emphases stress practitioner use of methods that have been empirically demonstrated to be effective. This movement within the human service professions is a reaction to the widespread use of methods that have not been empirically tested, as well as the variability in practice of methods used.
Facilitating Practitioner Use of Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Mullen Edward J
Published: November 2023

This chapter discusses ways to support social work practitioners in their attempts to use evidence-based practice to assess, intervene with, and better understand clients. Although social work practitioners report little use of evidence-based practices, many express a desire to use methods that are considered to be valid (Drake et al., 2001; Mullen & Bacon, 2000, 2003; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1999). There is an emerging literature addressing implementation of evidence-based practices in organizations, but little attention has been given to how individual practitioners can be helped to use evidence-based practice (Addis & Krasnow, 2000; Torrey et al., 2001). While implementation strategies that seek system change by focusing on specific service delivery systems or organizations are important, there are limitations to such efforts. The sheer number of organizations defies any attempt to change them one by one. Also, many practitioners provide services outside such organizational settings, such as in private practice. Accordingly, in addition to implementation strategies directed at service systems and organizations, attention needs to be paid to how practitioners themselves can be helped to implement evidence-based practices. This is the focus of this chapter. This chapter describes evidence-based practice, approaches to dissemination and implementation of best practices that can be of benefit to practitioners, organizational and environmental supports needed for practitioners to function as evidence-based practitioners, and suggestions for training social work practitioners in evidence-based practice.
Breaking Robert’s Rules
Authors: Susskind Lawrence E , Cruikshank Jeffrey L
Published: November 2023

Every day in communities across America hundreds of committees, boards, church groups, and social clubs hold meetings where they spend their time engaged in shouting matches and acrimonious debate. Whether they are aware of it or not, the procedures that most such groups rely on to reach decisions were first laid out as Robert's Rules more than 150 years ago by an officer in the U.S. Army's Corps of Engineers. Its arcane rituals of parliamentary procedure and majority rule usually produce a victorious majority and a very dissatisfied minority that expects to raise its concerns, again, at the next possible meeting. Breaking Robert's Rules clearly spells out how any group can work together effectively. After briefly explaining the problems created by Robert's Rules, the guide outlines the five key steps toward consensus building, and addresses the specific problems that often get in the way of a group's progress. Appendices include a basic one page "Handy Guide" that can be distributed at meetings and a case study demonstrating how the ideas presented in the book can also be applied in a corporate context. Written in a non-technical and engaging style, and containing clear ideas and instructions that anyone can understand and use, this one-of-a-kind guide will prove an essential tool for any group desperate to find ways of making their meetings more effective. In addition, neighborhood associations, ad hoc committees, social clubs, and other informal groups lacking a clear hierarchy will find solid advice on how to move forward without resorting to "majority rules" or bickering over who will take leadership positions. Bound to become a classic, Breaking Robert's Rules will change the way you hold meetings forever, paving the way for efficiency, efficacy, and peaceful decision making.
Getting the Right People to the Table
Authors: Susskind Lawrence E , Cruikshank Jeffrey L
Published: November 2023

The first step in consensus building is convening. The point of convening is to give the potential parties a chance to help decide who needs to be involved, and whether and how to move ahead. In this absolutely critical phase of the process, somebody has to determine whether the minimum conditions for a successful CBA effort can be met. If not, the group may have to revert to majority rule, hold its nose, and take a vote. Somebody has to perform an assessment of the conflict or issue at hand. Based on that assessment, somebody has to figure out (1) who needs to be consulted or brought to the table, and (2) how to get them there. At the same time, somebody has to begin the process of securing the resources that will be needed to conduct a full-fledged consensus-building process. By “resources,” we mean both human and financial resources. And finally, somebody has to make a judgment about whether to use CBA. We will cover all these topics in this chapter. But first, let’s look at this “somebody” who is doing, or helping to do, all these important things.
Confirming that Agreement Has Been Reached
Authors: Susskind Lawrence E , Cruikshank Jeffrey L
Published: November 2023

Up to this point, most of what we’ve been describing, both in general terms and in our Blaine example, has been about how to create value through deliberation. The members of the Blaine Bicentennial Committee, for example, have built upon each other’s interests to create options that otherwise wouldn’t have been possible. They have finished the difficult step of coming up with a package, and they are on the verge of deciding on a final version of that package, based on what they hear back from their respective constituencies. So is their work complete? In a word, no. Creating value is only one aspect of consensus building. Equally important is the process of distributing value. The consensus builders have planted an orchard, and it is now bearing fruit. If they have done their job well, they already have a good idea of how the fruit will be divvied up among the known constituencies.
Assigning Roles and Responsibilities
Authors: Susskind Lawrence E , Cruikshank Jeffrey L
Published: November 2023

At the first meeting, the group as a whole should review its roles and responsibilities. Presumably, all the participants “represent” some larger set of interested stakeholders or constituents. They may also bring special expertise to the discussion. To the extent that one of the participants is unwilling or unable to meet the expectations of the others, with regard to her representational responsibilities, it may be necessary to find a substitute. “Representation” may consist of nothing more than agreeing to serve as a go-between or a two-way channel of information.
Facilitating Group Problem Solving
Authors: Susskind Lawrence E , Cruikshank Jeffrey L
Published: November 2023

CBA involves not only a set of tools and techniques (like assessment and facilitation) but also a commitment to joint problem solving. Members of any organization or community are not likely to view a joint problem-solving effort as legitimate, however, unless they understand exactly who is meeting, and how well they have handled their assignments. Thus, the legitimacy of any consensus-building effort hinges in large part on the way the process is perceived by those likely to be affected by what is decided.
Molecular Schrödinger equation. II. Monte Carlo evaluation of integrals
Authors: Conroy H
Published: November 2023

This paper and its three companion papersa published back-to-back in the Journal of Chemical Physics describe the first variational QMC calculations for molecular systems. The first paper introduces a general form for a one-electron wavefunction along with discussions of the requirements for an accurate wavefunction and the procedure for optimization by minimizing the variance in local energies. The second, with the title given above, describes the Monte Carlo evaluation of the matrix elements required for determination of the expectation value of the energy in a variational calculation. As pointed out, Monte Carlo schemes had often been used for integrations, but there was apparently no prior report of such schemes for problems in quantum mechanics. The need for selecting points from an approximate ψ2 distribution was recognized and a procedure for doing so was proposed. In this paper and in the third and fourth papers the methods were illustrated with applications for the systems H2  +, HeH2+, HeH+, H3  2+, and H3  +. In the case of H3  + sections of potential energy surfaces were determined for linear and triangular nuclear configurations using wavefunctions with up to 29 terms. The minimum-energy structure for H3  + was found to be an equilateral triangle of side length 1.68 bohr with an energy of -1.357 hartrees, values more accurate than those of any prior calculations.
Ground state of liquid 4He
Authors: Mcmillan W L
Published: November 2023

One of the earliest uses of Metropolis samplinga in variational QMC calculations was not in an electronic structure problem, but in the calculation of the energy of a sample of liquid helium in which the atoms were treated as single particles. The interaction among the atoms was specified as a pairwise-additive Lennard-Jones 6-12 potential, which is a rather good approximation in this case. The trial wavefunction was a product form of the type Πi<j  f(rij ), with f(r) = exp [-(a1/r)a  2] and variable parameters a1 and a2  . The ground-state wavefunction for this collection of bosons is nodeless. Calculations were carried out with 32 to 108 atoms at several lattice densities in a cube with periodic boundary conditions. The energies so determined were within about 20% of the experimental values and two-body correlation functions were in reasonable agreement with those derived from x-ray data. This first variational QMC calculation for liquid helium was followed within a few years by both Green’s function and diffusion QMC calculations.
Monte-Carlo solution of Schrödinger’s equation
Authors: Grimm R C , Storer R G
Published: November 2023

With this paper Grimm and Storer introduced importance sampling to the field of quantum Monte Carlo. They had earlier used numerical quadrature for estimating the integrals required in evaluating energies in a diffusion-like path integral iteration scheme for solving the Schrödinger equation.0 This was extended to larger numbers of particles and higher dimensions with use of Monte Carlo methods. In conjunction with this they recognized they could take advantage of prior knowledge of the general form of a wavefunction to obtain more accurate estimates of the eigenvalue Eo .
A random-walk simulation of the Schrödinger equation:H+
3
Authors: Anderson J B
Published: November 2023

This paper opened the field of electronic structure calculations to quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the form originally suggested by Fermia. The system treated was the molecular ion H+  3 which has served as a test case for new methods in quantum mechanics since about 1935. With the three protons fixed in position the problem is reduced to that of two electrons in three dimensions each. For the ground state the electrons (fermions) have opposite spins and the wavefunction is nodeless. In atomic units the Schrödinger equation in imaginary time becomes The energy obtained for the equilibrium equilateral triangle nuclear configuration was lower (but with an overlapping error bar) than the lowest-energy analytic variational result at the time and in agreement with recent predictions. The author discussed several of the questions bearing on the utility of the method, proposed the fixed-node method for incorporating the Pauli exclusion principle, and concluded that “‘In general, not enough is known for confident assessment of the merits of the method, but initial results are encouraging.”
A method to calculate vibrational frequency shifts in heteroclusters: Application to Nt-He11
Authors: Brown D F R , Gregory J K , Clary D C
Published: November 2023

Ionic clusters are important in a wide variety of chemical systems, especially in those involving ion-molecule reactions in the atmosphere and in biological systems, but they received relatively little attention until the mid-1990s. The Nt-Hen system is one system subjected to spectroscopic studies and theoretical examination at that time. In this paper, the authors reported diffusion QMC calculations for the vibrations within these clusters and the development of a new method for predicting the N-N vibrational frequency shifts induced by the presence of the loosely attached helium cluster Hen of varying n. Minimum-energy and vibrationally averaged structures were also reported. The QMC calculations were performed for motion on a pairwiseadditive potential energy surface fitted to ab initio electronic structure calculations. The weak coupling of the high-frequency motion of the N-N vibration with the lower frequency motions of the He atoms in the cluster allowed a separation of these motions and the treatment of the complete wavefunctions as a product of separate wavefunctions for Nt and Hen, Calculations were carried out for clusters with up to 16 helium atoms. For each of these clusters, a number of calculations were made with the N-N distance frozen. The simulations produced an adiabatic potential energy curve for N-N motion, from which vibration frequencies could be determined. The frequency shift was found to vary linearly with the number of helium atoms n. No experimental data were available for direct comparisons. The authors note the general applicability of the method to similar problems, including those of much higher complexity.