bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Ozonization of Phenol with the Use of Alternative Catalysts
Authors: Soldán Maroš , Sirotiak Maroš , Michalikova Anna
Published: September 2013

Phenol and its derivatives constitutes one of the most dangerous groups of organic chemicals which can cause many environmental and health risks. Therefore removal and degradation of phenol from aqueous solutions is one of the great industrial importance. Ozone is considered to be one of the most effective oxidizing agent for phenol degradation.. The objectives of this study are to examine the roles of added catalyst to rapid the process of phenol degradation by ozone.
Brackish Water Desalination by Air-Sweep Vacuum Membrane Distillation
Authors: Sun Guo Fu , Xu Jing Li , Sui Chun Hua , Si Hong Yan
Published: September 2013

An air sweep vacuum membrane distillation process was used to treat brackish water desalination. The only operating parameter of the apparatus is the sweeping air flow rate. The effect of sweeping air flow rate on desalination was observed. The produced/condensed water rate was about 2.5 g/h for the PP module. The conductivity of produced water was about 92 μs·cm-1, the salt rejection was above 95%.
Biological Treatment of High Ammonium Content Urban Landfill Leachate Using an Anaerobic-Aerobic Process
Authors: Sun Hong Wei , You Yong Jun , Guo Ying
Published: September 2013

Biological system consisting of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and anoxic-oxic (A/O) reactor was applied to treat high ammonium content urban landfill leachate. Inhibitory effect of free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) on nitrifying bacteria activity was used to achieve nitrogen removal via nitrite pathway in the A/O. Results demonstrated that removed efficiencies of COD, total nitrogen (TN) and NH4+-N were 95.3%, 84.6 %and 99.2%, respectively. Stable nitrite pathway with above 90% nitrite accumulation was successfully achieved in the A/O reactor by synergetic inhibition of FA and FNA on the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Moreover, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that AOB was dominant microorganism.
Heavy Metal Pollution of Farmland Soils Surrounding Large-Scale Pig Farms
Authors: Zhang Qiu Gen , Wang Su Qin , Wei Li An
Published: September 2013

The seven typical plots were sampled and the contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were analyzed in order to investigate the heavy metal pollution of farmland soils surrounding scale pig farms in Nanchang. The heavy metal pollution was evaluated by using single pollution index and comprehensive index methods. The results were addressed that Cd and Pb were the major two pollutants in the farmland soils. The sequence of single pollution index was Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Cr. The competitive pollution index was 1.55, and the farmland soils were a slightly polluted grade. The correlation among heavy metals As, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were highly significant or significant, but the correlation among Cr, Ni and other heavy metals were not relevant.
Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions Using PVA/SA Blend Films
Authors: Fan Wen Juan , Ge Hong Xiang , Pang Yu , Chang Hui
Published: September 2013

The different ratios (PVA and SA) of PVA/SA blend films with cross-linking structure are successfully prepared by coagulating the mixture of sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in aqueous solution, then by treating with crosslinking agent CaCl2solution. The Surface morphology and flexibility of PVA/SA blend films were studied. The results indicate there is some strong interaction and good compatibility between sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol molecular. The physical and chemical properties of the PSA-80(PVA:SA=4:1) blend films are obviously improved owing to a molecular force and hydrogen bond interaction. The effects of parameters of the blend film was investigated in relation to its adsorption capability for low concentration ions Cr (VI) including such as SA content of the PVA/SA film, contact time, solution pH and temperature of solution. The results indicate that the maximum adsorption rate is 95.86% at the temperature 50°C under optimized pH 4 for 60min by PSA-80 films.
Boron Removal from Water Using Takovite: Adsorption vs. Anion Exchange
Authors: Cao Yao Wu , Guo Qing Hai
Published: September 2013

Takovite, a kind of hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlcs), was used for boron removal from water. It was prepared by coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The equilibrium time of boron sorption by takovite as well as its boron uptake capacities was determined by the reaction kinetic experiments and isotherm sorption experiments. The effects of experimental conditions on boron removal efficiency were also evaluated. Generally, the boron uptake by takovites increases with increasing initial boron concentration in solution. The isotherm sorption data match well with the Freundlich model, indicating that the anion exchange contributes a lot to solution deboronation. Moreover, at higher temperature, greater boron removal by takovite was observed. As compared to calcined takovite, uncalcined takovite has better performance in terms of boron uptake, since the structural restoration of calcined takovite didnt happen during its contact with boron-containing solution, which is quite different from the behavior of other HTlcs as reported.
Feasibility Research on Fermenting Sludge into Garden Nutritional Soil by Using Aerobic-Anaerobic Alternative Method
Authors: Feng Xin Rui , Jiang Shao Jie , Liu Yun Xiao
Published: September 2013

A dewatered sludge was treated in three barrel fermentation systems to produce garden nutritional soil in aerobic, anaerobic or aerobic-anaerobic alternative method respectively. Varitation of fermentation temperature, number of coliform groups, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, total potassium, humus content and other indexes under different fermentation processes were studied. Results showed that the sludge in aerobic method has the characteristics of high temperature, warming fast and killing coliform effectively, but having a high degree of mineralization of organic matter and a low degree of available nitrogen, phosphorus and humus, while in anaerobic method on the contrary. Aerobic-anaerobic alternative method raised the available nitrogen, phosphorus, total potassium and humus content, meeting the demand of harmless, nutrition and humification indexes. In energy consumption perspective, the alternative method save energy by 75%. Summer and winter tests showed that alternative method for fermentation sludge into garden nutritional soil is feasible.
Surface Charge and Adsorption Characteristics for Fluoride of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Modified Vermiculite
Authors: Wei Shi Yong , Deng Xu Hong
Published: September 2013

HDTMA-modified vermiculite (HDTMA-Ver) was formed in a suspension by the interactions between vermiculite and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA). For vermiculite and HDTMA-Ver, the pH of the point of zero charge (pHpzc) is 3.16 and 5.09, the surface charge at pH 4.5 is-0.167 and 0.083 mmol/g, and the Langmuir adsorption capacity (qmax) is 4.98 and 8.67 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption data for fluoride by vermiculite and HDTMA-Ver could be fitted by Langmuir model. The as-prepared HDTMA-Ver exhibited excellent ability to remove fluoride ions from aqueous solutions.
Contrastive Experimental of the Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Oscillation Extraction of Lead from Soil Using EDTA
Authors: Cao Wen , Zhou Xue Jin , Gao Yun Tao
Published: September 2013

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of lead from red soil using EDTA was investigated, the experimental result was compared with that of oscillation extraction to evaluate the performance of ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The optimum extraction conditions were 0.006 mol/L of EDTA, 0.006 mol/L of EDTA and 90 min of ultrasonic-assisted extraction or 240 min of oscillation extraction. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction rate of 76.33% and 74.30% was obtained for ultrasonic-assisted extraction and oscillation extraction, respectively. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction could shorter the extraction time with a improved extraction rate effectively.
Climate Effect on Characteristics of Litter Decomposition and Nitrogen Release under Three Grassland Ecosystems
Authors: Zhou Chan , Guo Jian , Zhang Zhuo
Published: September 2013

Characteristics of litter decomposition and carbon and nitrogen release were comparatively studied under meadow, typical and desert steppe ecosystems. The results showed that litter under meadow ecosystem had the highest decomposition rate constant of biomass, percentage of carbon, nitrogen and cellulose loss than that under typical and desert steppe ecosystems. Analysis of variance showed that there were obvious significant differences in decomposition rate constant of biomass, percentage of carbon, nitrogen and cellulose loss of litter among three grassland ecosystems. Stepwise regression analysis showed that annual average relative humidity played significant or very significant impact on decomposition rate constant of biomass, percentage of cellulose, carbon, nitrogen loss under three grassland ecosystems. Therefore, litter decomposition and nitrogen release was mainly influenced by precipitation under different grassland ecosystems.
Upgrading of Heavy Oil by Thermal Treatment with a Hydrogen Donor in a Continuous Flow Reactor
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Zong Xian , Guo Ai Jun , Chen Kun
Published: September 2013

Thermal treatment of an inferior residue in the presence of a potential industrial hydrogen donor was conducted in a continuous flow reactor. Properties of liquid products and SARA compositions of residuals were analyzed. Moreover, stability of residuals was characterized by colloidal stability index. The results showed that in the presence of the hydrogen donor, the viscosities of product oils were reduced to a much lower point, the asphaltene formation of residuals was supressed and the stability of residuals was improved.
An Efficient One-Pot Four-Component Hantzsch Reaction to Prepare Hydroquinolines Catalyzed by a Poly(ethylene glycol) Bridged Dicationic Basic Ionic Liquid under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Luo Jun , Xing Tan Tan , Wang Ying Lei , Ju Jian Feng
Published: September 2013

A piperidine-functionalized poly (ethylene glycol) bridged dicationic ionic liquid PEG800-DPIL(Cl) was synthesized and applied to catalyze the four-component Hantzsch reaction under solvent-free conditions and afford hydroquinolines with high to excellent yields. PEG800-DPIL(Cl) could be recovered by simple workup and recycled for at least eight times without obvious activity loss.
Investigation on Dioxin Level of Flue Gas, Ambient Air, Vegetation and Soil Nearby Large-Scale MSWI in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Yan Hua , Rao Gui Wei , Chen Mei Lan , Yu Jian Yuan , Chang-Chien Guo Ping
Published: September 2013

We set up information about Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) level in flue gas, ambient air, banyan leaves and soil nearby Muzha MSWI, located in the north of Taiwan. Total PCDD/F I-TEQ concentrations in flue gas are 0.0995, 0.0711ng I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively, in spring, autumn, all below the emission limit regulated by Taiwan EPA, 0.1ng I-TEQ/Nm3 . The mean PCDD/F concentrations in ambient air nearby Muzha MSWIs are 0.0283, 0.0357, 0.0391 and 0.05638pg I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively at four seasons. The mean PCDD/F concentrations in banyan leaves nearby are 3.86, 0.873ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively in spring, autumn. The mean PCDD/F concentrations in soil nearby are 1.733, 2.061ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively in spring, autumn, much lower than the emission limit in soil regulated by Taiwan EPA, 1000ng I-TEQ/kg. By comparing the PCDD/F concentration of sample at upwind and downwind sampling sites, the PCDD/F influence from Muzha MSWI on nearby ambient air, vegetation and soil is not obvious.
The Agglomeration of CaO-Based Sorbent Used to Capture CO2 in Fluidized Bed
Authors: Chen Hong Wei , Zhao Zheng Hui , Patchigolla Kumar , Oakey John
Published: September 2013

High temperature CO2 capture via a CaO-based sorbent was investigated in a fluidized bed. The sorbents tested included natural limestone, pellets made from powdered lime with a calcium aluminate cement binder, mixtures of natural limestone and alumina with a ratio of 1:1 and 2:1. Air-combustion flue gas with a composition of 15% CO2 + 6% H2O + 3% O2 + 76% N2 at 680°C and oxy-combustion flue gas with a composition of 80% CO2 + 16% H2O + 3% O2 + 1% N2 at 950°C were used as a carbonation and calcination atmosphere separately to simulate real CFB running conditions. Results showed that pellets have a lower carrying capacity (g CO2/g calcined limestone or pellets) than nature limestone for the first few cycles mainly due to the existence of calcium aluminate cement (CaAl2O4) binder, while pellets have better cyclic activity than natural limestone. Solids agglomeration was found to be a big problem in the application of using Ca-based sorbent to capture CO2. The solids was not powdery as original ones and tended to clump together after few cycles, making it difficult to fluidize and some dead areas form in the fluidized bed. Agglomeration became severer as cycle number increase and pellets had a much slighter agglomeration than nature limetone due to large particle size. The two mixtures were run in different conditions and H2O was speculated to accelerate agglomeration.
Research of Dynamic Forecasting Model of Temperature Field in Slab and ANSYS Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yin Juan
Published: September 2013

In view of the practical significance of the establishment of model database of slab heating, the dynamic forecasting model of temperature field in slab is established by the numerical solution according to the energy conservation in this paper. The ANSYS simulation has been successfully introduced to the modeling simulation of slab heating based on the character of slab heating. The simulation results emerge the temperature field and heat transfer of slab heating, and offer investigative instrument for the more analyse of slab heating and heating system. The temperature field in slab and energy saving would be achieved by using the model database of slab heating.
Analysis of the Driving Forces' Impact on the Low-Carbon Development of Tianjin Based on STIRPAT Model
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Meng Yan
Published: September 2013

This paper is based on STIRPAT model, combined with backcasting theory, using ridge regression analysis to analyze the related data of Tianjin from 1996 to 2011.This paper aims to explore the influences of the five driving factors on the carbon emissions in Tianjin, including population, affluent degrees, Energy intensity, Urbanization rate and the ratio of the tertiary industry. This paper is trying to make policy recommendations to change these influential factors, thus, to decrease the urban carbon degree.
Research on Regional Synergy Carbon Reduction Cost Allocation Based on Cooperative Game
Authors: Li Jian , Piao Sheng Ren
Published: September 2013

Regional synergy reduction of carbon emissions is an effective means of reducing the total emission.In order to encourage each region to join reduction mechanism,first of all, we should set a reasonable plan about the cost of cooperative emission reduction.This thesis is based on the way of cooperative game to analysis the cost allocation problem of cooperative reduction in the area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,and discuss the rational behavior of cooperative reduction in each region. This paper uses Shapley value method to find the solution of the cooperation model, the example shows that the cooperation mechanism is reasonable,so as to verify the feasibility of the regional collaborative carbon emission reduction.And this paper could provide some policy suggestions for regional carbon emission reduction in our country.
The Preparation and Application of Non/Anionic Pre-Treatment Agent for Spandex Fabric
Authors: Shi Hui Bei , Cui Yong Zhu
Published: September 2013

Spandex fabric is widely used with excellent elasticity. The oil (especially a silicone oil), which is used for easement of processing is difficult to be removed in the former processing, furthermore only rely on a treatment agent is very difficult to achieve the cleaning effect. This article we attempted to take advantage of a complex of anionic surfactants and a nonionic surface active agent to built Anionic / non-ionic agents, which has better foaming stability and the fabric processed has better whiteness, the capillary effect, the elastic elongation and elastic recovery compared to the fabric of the normal treatment.
Study on the Crimp Property of PTT/PET Bicomponent Filament
Authors: Lai Kan , Chen Mei Yu , Sun Run Jun , Sun Hong
Published: September 2013

In this work, the crimp properties of PTT/PET bicomponent filament with different component ratios were investigated. The results show that, after boiling water treatment for 15 minutes, the crimpability of 50/50 component ratio is superior to that of 40/60 and 60/40 component ratio. Heat treatment can realize the shrinkage difference of the two components in a biocomponent filament and enable the biocomponent filament to have good crimpability and bulkiness. In addition, different heat treatments, heat treatment time and heat treatment temperature can also bring different crimp effects to the biocomponent filaments.
Review on PALF Extraction Machines for Natural Fibers
Authors: Yusof Yusri , Adam Anbia
Published: September 2013

PALF (pineapple leaf fiber) is one of the abundant sources that have been used for ages to be processed as different end product. The methods to extract the fiber are abounding. However comparisons between the machines are needed to ascertain the better function of machines and whether all natural fibers can be extracted using the same exact machine. Data shown indicates that different types of methods used to extract the fibers and sometimes theoretically worked for certain types of fibers.
Impact of Reactive Dye Structures on Dyeing Properties in Salt-Free Reactive Dyeing
Authors: Teng Xiao Xu , Shi Jian Wei , Zhang Shu Fen
Published: September 2013

The cationic cotton was obtained by pretreatment with tertiary amine cationic polyacrylamide, and dyed with various active groups reactive dyes in the absence of salt. The influences of reactive dye structures on dyeing properties were analyzed and the results showed that types of active groups in reactive dyes had little effect on dye exhaustion, but it was quite relative with dye reactivity and fixation. Reactive dyes with low molecular weight and more anionic groups were adsorbed more quickly on the cationic cotton and their adsorption time to reach adsorption equilibrium was shorter, compared with that with large molecular weight and less anionic groups. Moreover, exhaustion of reactive dyes with large molecular structures decreased due to sterically hindered effect in the salt-free dyeing. The results also displayed that the monochlorotriazine reactive dyes and the vinyl-sulfone ones were favorable to dye the cationic cotton without salt addition.
Synthesis of Butanone 1,2 - Propanediol Ketal by Sulfamic Acid as Catalyzed
Authors: Zhao Yu Hang , Cui Li , Wang Da Zhi , Xu Tong Kuan , Li Yong Peng
Published: September 2013

Butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal was synthesized by butanone and 1,2-propanediol as raw materials and sulfamic acid as catalyst. The effects of the mole ratio of raw materials agent, the dosage of the water-carrying agent and catalyst, reaction time on the product yield were discussed separately. Experimental results showed that sulfamic acid was a suitable catalyst for synthesizing of butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal. And the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: the mole ratio of butanone to 1,2-propanediol is 1:1.5, the amount of the catalyst is 2.2%, the water-carrying agent is 25ml, the reaction temperature is 358-378K and reaction time 3h. In this condition, the yield of production could reach 93.8%.
Corrosion Inhibition of N,N- diethylammonium O,O′- di (p-chlorophenyl) dithiophosphate for Carbon Steel in HCL Solution
Authors: Cai Shu Lan , Qiao Kang Quan , Feng Fa Mei
Published: September 2013

A new corrosion inhibior N,N-diethylammonium O,O-di (p-chlorophenyl) dithiophosphate (EDPDP) has been synthesized and its inhibition effect towards the corrosion of carbon steel in 1.0 molL-1 HCl solution at 25 °C has been investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The obtained results show that EDPDP is a excellent inhibitor and the inhibition efficiencies exceed 90 %. The polarization measurements reveal that EDPDP is a mixed type inhibitor and the equivalent circuit model of the corrosion inhibition process is obtained by the analysis of EIS data.
Preparation of Chlorine Dioxide by Electrocatalytic Reduction of Sodium Chlorate
Authors: Tian Mei , Li Ying Ying , Sun Hao Chen , Yang Li Juan , Li Zhi Long
Published: September 2013

Preparation of chlorine dioxide by electrocatalytic reduction of sodium chlorate with Ti/IrO2anode and Ti cathode was studied in a three-electrode cell without any diaphragm but with a sandwich bath by galvanostatic electrolysis. Classic iodometry was used to determine the concentration of ClO2in the electrolyte. The change of space-time yield with current density, the concentration of H2SO4, the concentration of NaClO3, reaction temperature and electrolysis time were studied through single factor experiment in order to determine the optimal conditions of electrolysis. It shows that the optimal conditions of ClO2preparation by electrocatalytic reduction of sodium chlorate were: i=60 mA/cm2, [H2SO4]=4.5 mol/L, [NaClO3]=1.0 mol/L, T=30 °C, t=30 min. Under these conditions, the space-time yield of ClO2reached 1.50 mg/L·s.
The Effect of Specific Surface Area on the Solid Grafting Reaction of Maleic Anhydride-Grafted Polypropylene
Authors: Yang Gen Ling , Zhang Cai Yun , Tan Lian Cheng , Zhang Xing Hua
Published: September 2013

In this paper, based on the ultrasonic dispersion principle, the grafting reaction of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto solid PP in water was studied with acetone as the phase physiognomy solvent, ammonium persulfate [(NH4)2S2O8] as the initiator. The influence of specific surface area on the graft ratio was also studied. The results showed that the grafting reaction had obvious relationship with the specific surface area of original PP particles.
Synthesis and Properties of Side Chain Azobenzene Liquid Crystalline Polymers
Authors: Yao Dan Shu , He Jun , Wang Hai Yan , Tian Mei , He Xiao Zhi , Hu Jian She
Published: September 2013

A series of new azobenzene side chain liquid crystalline polymers were synthesized by two different azo mesogen monomers, 4-((4-(ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl) diazenyl) phenyl 4-(allyloxy) benzoate (M1) and (4-((4-(ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl) diazenyl) phenoxy) methyl acetyl 4-(allyloxy) benzoate (M2). All polymers (P1~P8) were synthesized by graft polymerization using polymethyl hydrosiloxane as backbone. Their chemical structures were confirmed by FTIR and 1HNMR spectra. The mesomorphic properties and phase behavior were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) measurements. The results showed that P1~P8 exhibited thermotropic liquid crystalline properties and revealed nematic thread texture with wide mesophase temperature ranges. The temperatures when 5% weight loss occurred were higher than 305°C, which declared that the synthesized azobenzene liquid crystalline polymers had a high thermal stability.
A Method of Treating Impurities in the Process of Detecting Carton Black in Rubber
Authors: Wang Xiao Bo , Wang Chuan Sheng
Published: September 2013

Distinguishing carton black and impurity is important for evaluating carton black’s dispersion in rubber. There are two types of impurities, filamentous impurity and scratch. According to the characteristics of filamentous impurity, the ratio of perimeter to solidity of region and hole’s area were calculated to distinguish this type of impurity. If hole’s area was larger than 3 or the value of the ratio larger than 160, the region was regarded as filamentous impurity. Scratch was very like line, which could be identified by the way of hough translation. The treatment of impurities based on morphology is helpful for improving the accuracy of detecting carton black and calculating carton black’s dispersion.
Reaction Mechanism on the Modification of PLA by Melamine via DMP
Authors: Wang Qun Fang , Xiong Jin Feng , Zhong Ming Li , Wang Zhao Yang
Published: September 2013

When poly (lactic acid-co-melamine) [P(LA-co-MA)] is synthesized via direct melt polycondensation (DMP), with the more MA in the feed content, the copolymer with a three-MA-core structure linked by the ether bond is formed. Increasing the molar feed ration(LA)/n(MA), the structure of the copolymers is gradually changed from multi-core structure into SPLA structure only containing one MA core, and a peak value of Mwexists as expected. The aromatic cores with different functional groups have an important influence on the Mwpeak value, and the internal factors are the conjugate effect and the nucleophilicity caused by the different functional groups themselves.
Synthesis and Properties Study of Poly-di(bis-dimethoxy-ethyl) Amine Phosphazene
Authors: Zhou Lin Tao , Luo Dong Mei , Li Guo Bin , Su Yi
Published: September 2013

Poly-di (bis-dimethoxy-ethyl) amine phosphazene was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction with bis (dimethoxy ethyl) amine and conductive polymer materials were manufactured by compositing of the lithium salt and polyphosphazene. The results show that: Td10=503K, the maximum decomposition rate was at 653K. When the mol Li+/ repeat unit was 1.5, the conductivity of polyphosphazene composite conductive material comes up to 4.21×10-8S/cm.
Preparation and Characterization of Cationic Cassia Tora Gum
Authors: Li Shao Ying , Niu Chun Mei , Zhong Hua Yu
Published: September 2013

Series of cationic cassia tora gum (CCTG) were synthesized using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) as cationic etherifying agent, isopropanol-water solution as dispersing agent, in presence of sodium hydroxide under different reaction conditions. The optimum ratio for preparing the cationic cassia tora gum are that CHPTAC-CTG molar ratio is 0.6:1; NaOH-CHPTAC molar ratio is 1.3:1.The optimum conditions are that reaction temperature is 55°Cand reaction time is 3.5 h. The cold water solubility was improved apparently. The solution transmittance has corresponding relationship with the nitrogen content (N%) in the certain range, and the maximum transmittance is up to 87.2%. N% increased with the increase of reaction time and stable N% can be obtained in shorter reaction time at higher reaction temperature. The products were characterized by 13C-NMR. The heat resistance of CTG and CCTG were analyzed.
The New Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives Monomer
Authors: Lei Xiao Long , Sun Xiao Xia , Zhang Pei Lin , Hu Yu
Published: September 2013

The monomer of 2,3-di (thiophen-2-yl) quinoxaline (M1) and 2,3-di (thiophen-2-yl) 1,4-pyradiazine (M2) have been synthesized in moderate yields over two steps from readily available starting materials. The π-conjugated Polymer based on 2,3-di (thiophen-2-yl) quinoxaline was synthesized by Electrochemical workstation which was carried out in DCM/ Bu4NBF4 (0.1M) as the solvent/electrolyte couple. The new π-conjugated Polymer can slightly soluble in organic solvents such as methylene chloride and acetonitrile.
Competition between Two Microorganisms in a Crowley-Martin Type Chemostat with Pulsed Input and Washout
Authors: Dong Qing Lai
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we introduce and study a competition Chemostat model with Crowley-Martin type functional response and pulsed input and washout. The stability of the boundary periodic solutions is investigated. We get that above some threshold there are periodic oscillations in substrate and microorganisms, which implies the coexistence of two species.
Effect of Transglutaminase and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic Acid on the Properties of Film from Tilapia Skin Gelatin
Authors: Jiang Zhi Hong , Zeng Shao Kui , Zhang Chao Hua , Wu Wen Long
Published: September 2013

The effect of modification with transglutaminase (TGase) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (ferulic acid) on properties of tilapia skin gelatin film (TSGF) was researched. The results showed that the peroxide inhibition of modified TSGF increased from 14.7% to 62.0% and 52.1%, when concentrations of TGase and ferulic acid were 0.20 or 1.0 mg·mL-1. At the same time, the WVP coefficients were lower about 24.2% and 20.6%, respectively. The solubility of TSGF decreased with the increase in concentration of TGase and ferulic acid. As the formation of hydrogen bonds in the structure of the film, the amide A band was shifted towards higher wave numbers after modification.
Effects of Medium Components Contents on Vitamin E Accumulation in Wheat Embryo Callus
Authors: Zhang Heng , Xu Zhao Tang , Li Wen Qian , Fang Fang , Yu Hu Peng
Published: September 2013

With accumulation of secondary metabolites vitamin E as the objective, the effects of six components contents in the culture on vitamin E accumulation in wheat embryo callus was studied and the best combination of six components in medium was determined by test optimum. The results showed that the production of vitamin E in B5 medium was the highest at KNO32700mg/L, MgSO4·7H2O 125mg/L, NAA 6mg/L, CaCl2·2H2O 75mg/L, FeSO4·7H2O 13.9mg/L and sucrose 30.0×103mg/L. Vitamin E accumulation varied obviously with sucrose content in the medium, but the influence of magnesium sulfate was not significant.
Immunolocalization and Correlation Frequencies of Lingual Antimicrobial Peptide and Lactoferrin in Bovine Alveolar Epithelium and Bovine Mammary Gland
Authors: Huang Ya Qiong , Isobe Naoki , Yoshimura Yukinori , Hosoda Kenji
Published: September 2013

Mastitis is most critical disease in dairy cows and causes huge cost in the dairy industry. To prevent and treat it, it is important to understand the mechanisms of immune function in the mammary gland. Innate immunity is non-specific acute-response immune function. Some components of innate immunity in the mammary gland are found, e.g. Lingual Antimicrobial Peptide (LAP), Lactoferrin (LF). These components are found to be localized in the alveolar epithelium of mammary gland. LAP belongs to the β-defensin family, and plays a crucial role in killing a large variety of microorganisms. LF belongs to an iron-binding glycoprotein and has antibacterial activity. It is reported that LF has been localized immunohistochemically in mammary epithelial cells of lactating cows. Our previous study revealed that secretion of LAP into milk proceeded to that of LF after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection into the mammary gland. From this result, it is hypothesized that immunohistochemistry probably shows positive to either LF or LAP but not both in the alveolus vs epithelium in the mammary gland. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the immunolocalization of LAP and LF in the same bovine mammary tissue. Bovine mammary tissues were collected in the slaughterhouse and were fixed with neutralized formalin immediately. Paraffin sections (2-um thickness) were processed with antigen retrieval treatment followed by blocking with casein milk. Sections were cultured with LF antibody or LAP antibody. Immunoreaction products were visualized by incubation with a DAB. LAP and LF were localized in the cytoplasm of epithelial cell of alveolus. In some cases, LAP and LF were seen clearly in the same alveoli of section. In other cases, some epithelial cells were stained only LAP, but not LF, and other epithelial cells of alveolus were stained only LF, but not LAP. These results suggest the possibility that LAP and LF are differentially synthesized in the alveolar epithelium and may support our previous findings that their secretion occurs at the different time course.
Physicochemical Properties Study and GC/MS Analysis of Monomer Acid
Authors: Liu Xiao Feng , Cao Xiao Yan
Published: September 2013

Monomer acid was the byproduct of preparing dimer acid from oleic acid in industry. Study its components and properties will contribute to the exploitation and application of it. First, we researched the physicochemical properties of monomer acid, such as iodine value, acid value, saponification value, and so on. The conclusion showed that the sample was a mixed fatty acid which contained longer chain of carbon and had high quality. Then, the chemical constituents of fatty acid in monomer acid were determined by GC/MS. After the sample was etherified via methanol, the chemical components and their relative contents of fatty acid from monomer acid were analyzed by GC/MS. Fifteen fatty acids predominated: myristic acid (12.16%), palmitic acid (8.51%), stearic acid (32.72%), and oleic acid (25.53%).
Effect of High Pressure Microfluidization on Secondary Structure of Wheat Gluten in Different Solvents
Authors: Fang Zhao Xi , Yan Nai Jun , Liu Guo Qin
Published: September 2013

Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to study the conformation of wheat gluten protein treatmented by dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM), acid treatment and its comprehensive treatment in two solvents. The results showed, the secondary structure of control sample are mainly consist of α-helix and random-coil in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and phosphate buffered solution with SDS(SDS), the secondary structure of control sample are mainly consist of β-Sheet and random-coil. The CD data also showed that SDS interacts with the gluten protein and modifies the protein conformation, which switched the conformation from α-helix and β-Turn to β-sheet and random-coil. However, the CD analysis also indicated that some of the ordered structures of α-helix, β-Turn and β-sheet were destroyed and converted random-coil coped with acid in two solvents, in other words, the acid treatment can directed change the secondary structure. Furthermore, the effect of comprehensive treatment (DHPM plus acid) is not equal to the simple sum of the individual treatment effect.
Screening and Identification of a Strain Producing Lycopene
Authors: Liu Ran , Zhao Zhan Li , Zhang Chun Zhi , Chen Ming , Zu Guo Ren
Published: September 2013

Lycopene is gaining more and more attention because of its physiological activities, and it is widely used in food additives, cosmetics and other industries. For lycopene production by microorganism, lycopene-producing strains were screened from oil-immersed soil. A strain of S-1 was successfully screened by analysing the cells extract using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). On the basis of morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of 26S rDNA of strain S-1, the strain S-1 was identified as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The lycopene production by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in fermentation broth reached 7.4 mg/L by 108 h.
Aqueous Enzymatic Method for Preparing the Mixed Extract with Antioxidant Activity from Rice Bran
Authors: Sun An Min , Yu Guo Ping , Wang Yu Xin , Bian Ji , Fu Rao , Liu Mu Jun , Xu Man Xu
Published: September 2013

The preparation, approximate composition, degree of hydrolysis (DH), lipase activity and antioxidant capacity (including the ability of scavenging DPPH and ABTS free radicals) were determined for various of aqueous enzymatic extract (AEE) obtained from rice bran (RB) using alcalase (A), trypsin (T), papain (Pn), neutrase (N) and protamex (Px). Peptides and γ-oryzanol are the major functional components of AEE. Generally, the protein yield varied with the type of enzyme used in the order of T>Pn>N>Px>A. Both trypsin and alcalase extracts exhibit a higher level of γ-oryzanol than other enzymes. Lipase activity was measured using the 4-Nitrophenyl Laurate (p-NPL) substrate method, and significantly different (P<0.05) lipase activity values ranging from 0.55 to 2.38 mU/mL were observed from five hydrolysates. Furthermore, two synthetic free radicals were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of AEE. The alcalase extract (at 4.35±0.15mg protein/mL AEE) shows the greatest scavenging rate (28.42%) of DPPH, but trypsin extract has highest ABTS radical-scavenging activity of 94.05%. Data revealed trypsin was possible the most effective extractant under their optimal conditions. These results demonstrate that the product obtained from rice bran by different enzymatic digestions may contain bioactive components and might potentially be natural antioxidants. Meanwhile, the aqueous enzymatic extraction method can also improve the stability of the hydrolysates.
Experiment on Poisson's Ratio Determination about Corn Kernel
Authors: Dai Fei , Zhao Wu Yun , Han Zheng Sheng , Zhang Feng Wei
Published: September 2013

Poisson's ratio is one of the important physical parameters in the finite element calculation model of corn kernel. In this study, through the preparation of the test material and test program design, with the loading speed of the testing machine was 2mm/min, through applied different loading (30N, 90N, 120N and 150N) for Poisson's ratio determination about corn kernel with the experiment. The test results showed that the Poisson's ratio average value in 0.399-0.423 when the corn kernel moisture content was 13.2%, the greater loading was applied, and the smaller value in the fluctuation range of the Poisson's ratio was measured. When applied to the indenter loading of 150N, the corn kernel Poisson ratio fluctuation which was between the minimum and maximum value of 5.1%.
An Acridinium Ester for Determination of Serum Arylesterase Activity in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Gong Yu Hua , Mu Xiao Jing , Chen Zhi Tao , Abulimite Zulipiyan , Liu Min , Chen Yun Yun
Published: September 2013

Paraoxonase (PON) is a hydrolyase correlated with many chronic diseases. The use of 9-(4-chlorophenyloxycarbonyl)-10-methylacridinium triflate ester (CPOCMA) as a substrate for determination of serum arylesterase PON activity had been reported. It is meaningful to compare this substrate with phenyl acetate further with serum samples of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD, n=104). Correlations of PON arylesterase activity with CHD and also with age were analyzed. There was no significant difference in serum arylesterase activity (based on the CPOCMA or the phenyl acetate) between of the CHD inpatients and controls at same age level (45-60 years old). Statistically negative correlation of serum PON CPOCMAase activity (p=0.020) but not the activity based on phenyl acetate (p>0.05) with age was observed. Based on the both substrates, significant decrease in PON activity was found in the old CHD inpatients (≥60 years old), compared with that in the young CHD inpatients (<60 years old), or with that in the young controls. The methods based on CPOCMA substrate and based on the phenyl acetate demonstrated consistent results in correlation with CHD, but different results in correlation of PON activity with age.
Study on Cancer Serum Components by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Li Hui , Han De Ming , Sun Xiu Ping
Published: September 2013

The infrared spectra of serum from cancer patients can be measured using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The changes of infrared absorption peak position in phosphor diester groups from cancer cells using OriginPro8.1 software indicates that nucleic acids contents in the cancer serum rise above normal serum levels and that the binding force between hydrogen bonds is strengthened. Calculation of the relative concentration of serum glycogen shows that glycogen concentration in cancer affected patient serum is lower than that of healthy patient serum. Infrared absorption analysis demonstrates that intermolecular hydrogen bonds between C―O groups are largely destroyed in cancer patient serum.
Application Performance of Lignin-Modified Amino-Sulfonic Acid-Based Dispersant on the Ceramic Slurry
Authors: Pang Yu Xia , Gao Fei , Lou Hong Ming , Deng Yong Hong
Published: September 2013

Lignin-modified amino-sulfonic acid-based dispersant LMA was synthesized by using soda lignin to substitute part of phenol. Effect of LMA on ceramic slurry performance was studied and compared with inorganic salt dispersant. The addition of LMA endows ceramic slurry with lower viscosity, better fluidity and stability. Particle size of ceramic slurry blended with LMA is clearly decreased and grinding efficiency improves. LMA can enhance particle electro-negativity by complexing high valence cations and polymeric anion-adsorbing on ceramic particles surface by hydrogen bonds. The dispersive effect of LMA to ceramic particles is the combined action of steric effect and electrostatic repulsion.
Study on a New-Type Antibacterial White Carbon Black
Authors: Li Xiang Biao , Yu Hui Ling , He Ai Jiang
Published: September 2013

Bamboo vinegar and sulfuric acid are used as acidifier and the method of precipitation is adopted to synthesize the antibacterial white carbon black. Orthogonal experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of reaction temperature, the amount of bamboo vinegar, additive amount of polyethylene glycol, the concentration of sodium silicate and amount of priming water on the oil absorption value of white carbon black. The analysis of orthogonal experimental results shows that influence of temperature, amount of priming water and the additive amount of PEG on oil absorption value is extremely remarkable. The influence of the amount of bamboo vinegar is remarkable, but the concentration of sodium silicate is indistinctive. It is verified through experiments that the specific surface area and oil absorption value of product is high, and its antibacterial effect is good.
Synthesis of Starch Acetates and Electrospinning
Authors: Yang Jiang , Jin Xin , Wang Wen Yu , Zhu Yong Hao
Published: September 2013

Acetylation of high amylose (50%) maize starch to high degree of substitution (DS) was synthesised by reacting starch with acetic anhydride using sodium hydroxide as the catalyst. Starch Acetate was dissolved in Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO), the DS of which ranged from 0.8 to 1.8. Ultrafine fibers were made by the method of electrospinning. FTIR, NMR and SEM were used to characterize the structure and surface morphology of the product.
Analysis of the Sintering Properties of Electrolytic Manganese Residue
Authors: Wu Jian Feng , Song Mou Sheng , Xu Xiao Hong , Rao Zheng Gang , Cheng Hao
Published: September 2013

The microstructure and sintering properties of electrolytic manganese residue were investigated in this paper. The XRD results show that the manganese residue primarily consists of quartz (SiO2) and chemical gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O). The crystal phase and structure of gypsum will transform at 107.4, 144.5, 483.2, 901.3 and 1093.5°C, respectively. When sintered from 880 to 940°C, the water–absorption (Wa) and porosity (Pa) of the sintered compact gradually increased, while the bulk density (D) and bending strength decreased instead. Once heated at 940–980°C, bothWa andPa gradually decreased, butDand bending strength increased rapidly. The SEM observation of fractured surface shows that a number of pores appear at the sample’s interior. The corresponding changes of water absorption, porosity, densification and bending strength of the samples are closely linked to the occurrence of liquid phase inside the sintered compact.
Study on Comprehensive Recycling of an Ilmenite Ore Beneficiation Test
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Zhao Hui , Li Ni
Published: September 2013

Ilmenite phase is complex in Shaanxi.There are mainly magnetite, limonite and ilmenite, and associated with extremely small amount of rutile. According to the occurrence iron and titanium in the ilmenite ore。Paper discussed comprehensive recycling of the ilmenite using wet low-intensity magnetic separation by stage grinding process . The results show that it obtains better mineral processing indexes。The productivity of ilmenite concentrate was 28.83%, the grade of iron in concentrate was 62.05%, the content of titanium was 13.11%, iron recovery was 61.73%, titanium recovery was 43.40%.
Design and Synthesis of (E)-2-Hydroxy-4-Alkoxyl Salicylaldoxime Copper Extractant
Authors: Liu Dong Wang , Wang Xiao Ji , Huang Shuang Ping , Tang Lin Jun , Chen Shi Peng , Zhang Jian Ting
Published: September 2013

Synthesis of the series of compounds, which could be put into extract copper , contained hydroformylation, etherification, oximation. Resorcinol as the starting material was transformed to 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and then converted to 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, which oximated to (E)-2-hydroxy-4-alkoxybenzaldehyde oxime.
Preparation and Application of Lead Dioxide Electrode for Zinc Electrolysis
Authors: Yang Xiao Yong , Zhu Pei Xian , Si Yun Sen
Published: September 2013

According to the process of anodic oxygen evolution in sulfate system for zinc electrolysis,Ti-base lead dioxide electrode can be prepared to use in this case.The surface characterization of the electrode was studied by Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrode lifetime was tested in 1mol/L H2SO4solution at 60°C,and the electro-catalytic properties was examined by polarization curves.Then these samples was enlarged and simulation test was conducted at Mengzi marriage zinc smelter in Yunnan.The results show that the electro-catalytic properties is better and the electrodes lifetime is longer compared to the traditional lead electrode.Moreover,it has a significant effect in reducing energy consumption, manufacturing cost and improving the production and grade of zinc.
Optimization of MTO Olefins Separation Process
Authors: Gao Wei Jie , Hu Yang Dong , Wu Xian Li
Published: September 2013

The separation process and the utility were considered simultaneously in order to reduce the cooling capacity of the propylene refrigeration system, and even to completely remove it. Two new types of heat pump distillation processes were proposed. The software Aspen Plus was used to simulate different heat pump distillation processes of ethylene and propylene to determine operating parameters and the best separation processes. The results show that the cold and hot utility would be reduced by 44.30% and 70.64% respectively when B-type and A-type heat pump distillation processes were used for ethylene and propylene separately. Furthermore, the temperature difference between hot and cold streams decreases after optimization by analyzing the T-H diagram. The energy has been more reasonably used, which proves the proposed processes are appropriate and effective.
New Method for Imaging and Inversion of Interval Velocity
Authors: Huo Yuan Yuan , Chen Guang Xun , Hu Deng Ke , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2013

In order to obtain accuracy interval velocity and improve the quality of imaging of velocity volume, so as to better describe the geological structure and reservoir of gas hydrate in specific area, a new interval velocity inversion combination method is proposed in this paper. By introducing wave ray tracing algorithm and velocity field structuring and smoothing algorithm, this new inversion solution can deduce more accuracy and reasonable interval velocity than other normal inversion methods. Empirical results shows that velocity profile has higher resolution and can finely reflect the occurrence status and spatial distribution of gas hydrate.