bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban block as an effective tool for creating an environmentally comfortable environment
Authors: Chubarkina I.
Published: May 2023

Modern urban planning sets itself the task of creating sustainable urban environments that would provide comfortable living and work for the population, while not harming the environment. In this regard, green construction has become one of the most relevant areas in urban planning.Green construction is a construction concept that takes into account environmental aspects and is aimed at creating environmentally friendly and energy–efficient buildings and infrastructure. Green construction includes the use of environmentally friendly materials and technologies, improving the energy efficiency of buildings and infrastructure, as well as the creation of green areas in the city.With the rapid growth of cities and an increase in the number of people, the problem of preserving ecological cleanliness and sustainability of the urban environment is becoming more and more urgent. Environmental problems of cities, such as air, land and water pollution, noise and vibrations, lead to deterioration of public health and negative impact on the environment. In this regard, there is a need for new approaches to urban planning that would take into account environmental aspects.In Russia, as in many other countries of the world, there is a need to create sustainable urban environments. One of the ways to create such an environment is to use urban blocks. Urban blocks are a modern approach to the construction of the urban environment, which allows you to create compact blocks that include residential buildings and infrastructure facilities. They allow for more efficient use of urban space and create comfortable conditions for the life and work of the population. In this article we will look at the practice of using urban blocks in construction, how they differ from other forms of urban development and what advantages they provide for residents and urban infrastructure in general.
Statistical processing of multiple measurements results
Authors: Norin Veniamin
Published: May 2023

The product quality is determined by improvements of equipment, technologies, and production arrangement, which directly depends on the accuracy of measurement information. To achieve high measurement accuracy, it is reasonable to automate measurement processes. In case of automation, some functions are performed by equipment computer programs. The processing of direct comprehensive measurements is a complicated process including multiple algorithms of computation and various hypothesis tests. Taking into account the complexity and duration of statistical processing of results of multiple measurements, this paper is intended to develop a software measurement suite to process direct multiple measurements. The software measurement suite is a number of tools and software programs operating together to accomplish the tasks related with acquisition of required parameters and measurement results. To achieve this goal, it was required to address the following issues: implementation of the advanced measurement technologies into the developed software measurement suite; using wireless transmission of observation findings; ensuring compatibility of the developed software with the proprietary software of the used measurement instruments; improving the quality of measurements; improving the quality of processing measurement results by minimising the human factor effects on the processing quality; minimising the time spend for processing of the obtained measurement results.
Interaction of bacteria with graphene oxide particles reduces their ability to biofilm formation on PVC Microplates
Authors: Titova Victoria , Zhurlov Oleg
Published: May 2023

Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases is impossible without the use of catheters and implants in contact with the skin, mucosal epithelium and blood of the patient. An important task in the manufacture of implantable medical devices is their resistance to protein biofouling and the formation of bacterial biofilm on their surface. The interaction of bacteria with graphene oxide particles contributed to a decrease in the number of Staphylococcus aureus (48.6±1.7% CFU) and Escherichia coli (29.7±2.1% CFU) bacteria. Incubation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cells with graphene oxide particles resulted in a decrease in the ability to biofilm formation on 96-Well Clear PVC Microplates. The creation of composite materials based on polyvinyl chloride and graphene may be one of the strategies for reducing biofilm formation on the surface of implantable medical devices.
Sensitivity to pressure and light of a depletion-mode field-effect transistor
Authors: Turayev Akmal
Published: May 2023

There are presented the results of experimental investigation of sensitivity of field effect transistor in two-terminal connection mode with pinched-off channel to the impact of pressure and light. It is shown that the depletion-mode field effect transistor has a high sensitivity to pressure and light.
Problem situations as a means of improving experimental knowledge in the process of teaching chemistry in secondary schools
Authors: Bekturganova Zulfiya , Kaipbergenov Atabek , Abadan Erekeyeva , Gulbahar Bekmanova
Published: May 2023

This article discusses the methods of teaching chemistry in secondary schools, a means of improving the formation of students, the main tasks of teaching chemistry, experimental knowledge, the immediate level of knowledge, a search heuristic conversation that activates the concepts and education system of students in the study of chemistry.
Seasonal versus non-seasonal trends in stock market Malaysia
Authors: Wei Mah Xiao , Kee Ong Li , Musa Sarah
Published: May 2023

Stock market prediction is considered a challenging task of financial time series analysis, which is beneficial for investors, stock traders, and future researchers. In Malaysia, many machine learning techniques have been used for stock price prediction such as Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM). This study will use ARIMA and Seasonal ARIMA to present weekly, monthly and quarterly predictions, both with and without seasonal adjustment method. Stock movement prediction techniques are presented using weekly data of six industries in Malaysia such as gloves, property, airlines, banking, oil and gas, and pharmaceuticals from 26th September 2016 until 28th September 2020. The principle objective of this study is to verify seasonal and non-seasonal occurs in the Malaysian stock market and demonstrate the improvement in predictive performance of the stock market.
Development particulars and trends of foreign trade activities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Aksenov Ilia , Afonin Petr , Grekov Ivan , Ivanenko Victoria
Published: May 2023

The project development, which is especially noticeable at the regional economic level, has got wide application for the purpose of sustainable development of the territories. The regional economics and global economy are interdependent categories that can be confirmed by the example of imposing the foreign trade sanctions, which are currently expanding on an almost weekly basis. Therefore, we are of the opinion that it would be reasonable to consider the situation in the foreign trade of the Russian Federation, because it is just this issue that creates conditions for development of the territories and, undoubtedly, predetermines the project management efficiency to a greater extent. This research paper discloses the particular features and trends of development of the Russian Federation foreign trade under the present conditions. Three types of scenarios, according to which it is possible to provide for development of trade relations of the Russian Federation, are determined. The paper provides the analysis of the possibilities of the Russian Federation trade development under the conservative scenario (basically, trading of hydrocarbons) and stresses on the special importance of performing the transition to the innovation and forced scenarios (transition to trading of the innovation goods) while performing the international trade activity. On the basis of the revealed development scenarios there are created groups of trends, within the frameworks of which, in our view, the foreign trade of the Russian Federation has to be developed.
Conceptual model of sustainable human capital development in the context of digitalization of the environment
Authors: Kartsan Igor , Zhukov Aleksandr , Pronichkin Sergey
Published: May 2023

Human capital reproduction is formed under the influence of environmental, social, economic and regional factors. There is a need for scientific and methodological approaches to the comprehensive analysis of the state of the ecosystem of human capital reproduction in order to form an effective model of sustainable development. The system of criteria for sustainable development in the conditions of digitalization based on socioeconomic and environmental factors was formed. Algorithmic support for the system of comprehensive assessment of the state of the ecosystem of human capital reproduction, taking into account the effects of global identification of negative externalities in the management of natural resources, has been developed.
Traversée adolescente et rencontre de l’objet
Authors: Bonnichon Delphine
Published: May 2023

Nous émettons l’hypothèse que le recours à l’homoérotisme à l’adolescence constitue une pièce maîtresse dans le cheminement qui mène à la rencontre de l’objet en revêtant plusieurs fonctions. Mais ce recours peut buter sur le travail de perte que toute adolescence exige. Nous déploierons les spécificités de ce recours et ses potentiels empêchements dans le développement psychosexuel du garçon. Nous mettrons ces éléments à l’épreuve, à partir du roman « Call me by your name » d’André Aciman (2007).
Un dispositif clinique entre collègues du service de psychiatrie communautaire de Hombo (Anjouan, Comores) et du CMPP de la Goutte d’or (Paris 18e)
Authors: Janody Patricia
Published: May 2023

On reconstruit ici l’histoire et la préhistoire d’un service de psychiatrie communautaire aux Comores, sur lequel vient s’embrancher un dispositif d’intervision entre collègues de provenances différentes. Ce dispositif se poursuit actuellement et contribue, à son échelle, à remanier l’interface entre clinique et politique.
Le corps vécu et la « fabrique du temps »
Authors: Crespo Inés , Sirmai Claire
Published: May 2023

Nous explorons des façons dont le corps vécu impacte l’expérience psychique du temps, que nous nommons la « fabrique du temps » en suivant l’analyse de la phénoménologie de la conscience intime du temps élaborée par E. Husserl et reprise par M. Merleau-Ponty. Pour ce faire, nous proposons de relater la prise en charge en psychomotricité d’un jeune adulte, patient en hôpital de jour, et d’étoffer ce récit conceptuellement en nous appuyant sur des notions provenant de la phénoménologie.
Krisentelefon in Kriegszeiten: Schulung ukrainischer Psycholog*innen
Authors: Marsh Kim Sara , Benecke Cord
Published: May 2023

Ukrainische Kolleg*innen suchten bei Expert*innen für Krisenintervention und Telefonberatung der Universitäten Kassel und Innsbruck Unterstützung bei der Implementierung niedrigschwelliger psychologischer Hilfsangebote für die Bevölkerung. Dieser Beitrag skizziert die grundlegenden Ergebnisse aus dem Austausch der Expert*innen und den Akteur*innen im Kriegsgebiet.
COPD – was hat sich in GOLD 2023 geändert und ist für den Praxisalltag relevant?
Authors: Klemmer Andreas , Alter Peter , Vogelmeier Claus F.
Published: May 2023

Was ist neu?

Diagnostik und Einschätzung des Schweregrads: Eine Diagnosestellung erfordert den spirometrischen Nachweis einer nachweisbaren obstruktiven Ventilationsstörung. GOLD empfiehlt weiterhin das FEV1/FVC-Verhältnis von <0,7 als Kriterium. In der deutschsprachigen COPD-Leitlinie sowie der NVL COPD ist die Möglichkeit aufgeführt, eine COPD zu diagnostizieren, wenn keine Obstruktion nachweisbar ist. Zur Einschätzung des Schweregrades hat GOLD das ABCD-Schema zum ABE-Schema verändert und fasst damit die Gruppen C und D zur Gruppe E (E=Exazerbationen) zusammen, um deren klinische Relevanz unabhängig von der sonstigen klinischen Symptomatik des Patienten zu betonen.

Pharmakologische Therapie: Die Initialtherapie erfolgt nach dem ABE-Scheme. GOLD legt besonderen Wert auf die Auswahl des richtigen Inhalationssystems. Für die Follow-up-Situation ist entscheidend, ob die Patienten nur unter Symptomen leiden oder zwischenzeitlich unter Therapie auch Exazerbationen aufgetreten sind.

Therapie und Auswirkung auf die Mortalität: Eine Reihe von nicht medikamentösen Therapiemaßnahmen hat signifikante Auswirkungen auf die Mortalität: diese reichen von Rauchentwöhnung über Rehabilitation, Langzeitsauerstofftherapie und nicht invasive Beatmung bis zur Lungenvolumenreduktion. Die Behandlung mit Triple-Therapien kann bei Patienten, die unter Therapie Exazerbationen entwickeln, einen signifikanten Überlebensvorteil im Vergleich zu LABA und LAMA bedingen.

Exazerbationen GOLD schlägt eine neue Definition von COPD vor, die Symptome, Zeitverlauf, klinische Zeichen und Ursachen beinhaltet. Noch bedeutsamer ist aber die empfohlene Einteilung des Schweregrades, der jetzt auch darauf abhebt, dass wichtige Differenzialdiagnosen (insbesondere Herzinsuffizienz, Pneumonie, Lungenembolie) ausgeschlossen werden.
Update Berufspolitik
Authors: Eikelmann Matthias
Published: May 2023

Wir befinden uns wieder einmal in einer Zeit, in der sich Politiker – diesmal „post Corona“ – mit Vorschlägen, Ideen und Konzepten überbieten, um die strukturellen und finanziellen Probleme der stationären und ambulanten Kranken- und Altenpflege in Deutschland zu verbessern.
1500 Euro Preisgeld
Authors: Christian Schäfer
Published: May 2023

Die Thieme Gruppe schreibt im Jahr 2023 wieder den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege aus und stiftet das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro.
Magnetstimulation bei peripheren Nervenschädigungen. Eine
sinnvolle Ergänzung zur Neurografie und Nadelmyografie
Authors: Milnik Volker , Buchner Helmut
Published: May 2023

Die Differenzierung zentraler und peripherer Paresen kann mitunter schwierig
sein, wenn der Patient eine unklare Anamnese angibt, mehrdeutige Symptome
aufweist oder schwierig zu untersuchen ist. Zudem erfordert die Differenzierung
zwischen einer blockierten Nervenleitung und einer Nervendurchtrennung zu einem
möglichst schnellen Therapiebeginn auch eine umgehende Diagnose. Die
Kombination aus Nadelmyografie, Neurografie und Magnetstimulation kann dann
eindeutige Untersuchungsergebnisse ergeben und klären, ob eine zentrale
oder periphere Läsion besteht, Hinweise darauf geben, wie lange sie
besteht und wie hochgradig sie ist.
Das Winkelblockglaukom
Authors: Nüßle Simone , Lübke Jan
Published: May 2023

Das Glaukom ist eine der weltweit häufigsten Ursachen für eine irreversible Erblindung. Es ist gekennzeichnet durch einen fortschreitenden Untergang von retinalen Ganglienzellen und deren
Axonen. Der wichtigste Risikofaktor für das Voranschreiten ist der Augeninnendruck, dessen Senkung die derzeit einzig sicher belegte Therapieoption darstellt. Dies kann konservativ oder
chirurgisch erreicht werden. Je nach der spezifischen Unterart des Winkelverschlusses sind unterschiedliche Behandlungen erfolgversprechend.
Indwelling Pleural Catheter: Management of Complications
Authors: Sidhu Calvin , Davies Helen E. , Muruganandan Sanjeevan , Lui Macy M. S. , Lau Estee P. M. , Lee Y. C. Gary
Published: May 2023

Multiple randomized clinical trials have established the advantages of indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) in the management of malignant pleural effusions, resulting in its widespread adoption in clinical practice. Complications can occur with IPC use and must be recognized and managed effectively. This review provides a comprehensive overview of IPC complications and their best care. Pain postinsertion or during drainage of IPC is easily manageable and must be distinguished from tumor-related chest wall pain. IPC-related infections require systemic antibiotics and often intrapleural fibrinolytic/deoxyribonuclease therapy. The removal of IPC for infection is usually unnecessary. Symptomatic loculation usually responds to fibrinolytics but may recur. Catheter tract metastases are common in mesothelioma patients and usually respond to radiotherapy without inducing damages to the IPC. Less common complications include dislodgement, irreversible blockage, and fractures (upon removal) of the catheter. Recommendations on the management of IPC complications by recent consensus statement/guideline are discussed. Expert opinions on management approaches are included in areas where evidence is lacking to guide care.
Revisiting experiential marketing: a Delphi study
Authors: Davey Andrew , Sung Billy , Butcher Luke
Published: May 2023

Experiential marketing (XM)—a form of marketing that uses branded experiences as a tool to influence consumers—has become one of the dominant tools within the marketing world. Despite this, it is poorly understood by both sides of the academic and practitioner dyad. What appears to be missing is a holistic conceptualisation of XM that explains not only its antecedent conditions and resulting outcomes but also the factors that may mediate and moderate those outcomes. This paper presents a Delphi study that seeks to provide such a conceptualisation. Across three phases, a panel of XM experts from academia and industry practice was recruited to establish a robust and holistic conceptualisation of XM as well as its success factors, consequences, psychological mechanisms, and boundary conditions. The current findings identify XM as a marketing strategy that uses the subjective, elaborative nature of experience to positively influence the salience of a brand in the mind of participants. The findings suggest that the ‘depth of immersion’ in the experience on three levels (experiential, brand, and conceptual) is an important underlying mechanism while the impact is moderated by the ability and motivation to become immersed.
Synaptic properties of plasma-treated SnS2/h-BN van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Fang Peijing , Wang Qilitai , Lei Ting , Wang Yipeng , Wang Binghui , Luo Yi , Wu Hao , Lv Wenxing , Zeng Zhongming
Published: May 2023

The aim of research on neuromorphic computing is exploring artificial neuron and synaptic devices with high performance. In this context, two-dimensional (2D) materials have received broad attention due to their advantages of low power consumption and high electrostatic controllability. Here, we demonstrated an artificial synaptic transistor based on the 2D SnS2/T-layer van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure, where the T-layer refers to the 2D h-BN treated by O2 plasma. Relying on the charge trapping mechanism of the T-layer, synaptic characteristics such as the excitatory postsynaptic current, short-term plasticity, and long-term potentiation (LTP) are emulated. Moreover, these synaptic characteristics can be further modulated by light stimulation. Under the illumination of 820 nm wavelength, the nonlinearity of LTP is as low as −0.19, and the symmetricity is 39.4, which is superior to most of the 2D artificial synaptic devices reported to date. Our results demonstrate the great prospects of plasma-treated 2D vdW heterostructures for neuromorphic applications.
Controllable preparation and photoelectric properties of oriented two-dimensional GeSe2 nanobelt arrays
Authors: Mao Yuliang , Deng Jicai , Chen Hao , Wu Xin
Published: May 2023

Germanium diselenide (GeSe2) nanobelts are synthesized by atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition under low temperature by using Se and Ge powders as precursor materials in a quartz tube furnace with double heating zones. The GeSe2 nanobelts thus prepared exhibit growth directionality. Unidirectional nanobelt clusters are tightly spaced and shaped as rectangular nanobelt arrays. Additionally, the thickness of the prepared GeSe2 material is less than 5 nm, and the area of a single array can attain 0.96 mm2. Our experimental results show that hydrogen directly affects the growth of GeSe2. First-principles calculations reveal the electronic properties and in-plane anisotropic optical absorption of the few-layer two-dimensional GeSe2 material. Optical absorbance measurements of GeSe2 nanobelt arrays reveal high ultraviolet absorbance of GeSe2 (200–400 nm). Photodetectors based on GeSe2 nanobelts are p-type, with high responsivity, superior detectivity, and a fast response time. These results show that GeSe2 is an excellent ultraviolet photoelectric material with potential photoelectronic applications.
Influence of vacuum level on laser induced white emission of graphene foam
Authors: Oleszko M. , Felix A. , Tomala R. , Chaika M. , Strek W.
Published: May 2023

The effect of vacuum level on laser induced white emission (LIWE) of graphene foam is investigated. The results are compared with the electric incandescence of tungsten wire. The increase in pressure inside the dynamic vacuum chamber reduces the emission intensity of LIWE and has no effect on the emission of the electrically driven tungsten wire. The same dependency was observed in the case of field emission (FE) of carbon cathodes. The analogy confirms that white emission and FE are coincident processes occurring during laser excitation of graphene foam.
Residential radon exposure in Astana and Aqsu, Kazakhstan
Authors: Tokonami Shinji , Kranrod Chutima , Kazymbet Polat , Omori Yasutaka , Bakhtin Meirat , Poltabtim Worawat , Musikawan Saowarak , Pradana Radhia , Kashkinbayev Yerlan , Zhumadilov Kassym , Pirmanova Ainur , Aumalikova Moldir , Isa Zhantore , Sakaguchi Aya , Sato Hitoshi , Hoshi Masaharu
Published: May 2023

A pilot study was carried out to measure indoor radon concentrations in a uranium mining area of northern Kazakhstan. A total of 80 places at kindergartens, elementary schools, and dwellings were selected in Aqsu village and Astana city as the uranium mining area and background area for comparison, respectively. In Astana and Aqsu, the 3-month radon concentrations from late summer to autumn in 2022 were measured using the RADUET passive radon detectors. Radon concentrations ranged from 4 to >2000 Bq m−3 (mean ± standard deviation: 290 ± 173 Bq m−3) throughout the study areas. The concentrations were higher in Aqsu, and 70% of the dwellings there exceeded 300 Bq m−3, whereas only 5% of them exceeded 300 Bq m−3 in Astana. Accordingly, the new dose conversion factor for radon recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 137 was applied to calculate the annual effective dose. The annual effective dose from the inhalation of radon was estimated to be 3.6 ± 4.6 mSv y−1 for Astana and 23.7 ± 15.6 mSv y−1, for Aqsu, which are both higher than the world average value of 2.5 mSv y−1.
Structure and thermodynamics of liquid ruthenium and ruthenium-based alloys from ab initio and classical molecular dynamics with embedded atom model potentials
Authors: Ayadim A , Levrel L , Amokrane S
Published: May 2023

The combination of classical andab initiomolecular dynamics simulations for computing structural and thermodynamic properties of metallic liquids is illustrated on the example of ruthenium and ruthenium-based alloys. The classical simulations used embedded atom model (EAM) potentials parametrized with the force matching method. Theab initioreference data were obtained using two electronic structure codes implementing the density functional theory plane wave/pseudopotential method. Several methodological aspects in the determination of structural and thermodynamic properties in the liquid phase are examined, first for pure ruthenium. The efficiency of this combined method is finally illustrated on the structure and the pressure of ternary alloys of platinum group metals of interest in the treatment of nuclear wastes.
Ni-anchored g-C3N4 for improved hydrogen evolution in photocatalysis
Authors: Bai Penghui , Wang Chenjie , Xie Juan , Wang Hu , Kang Xiaolan , Chen Mi , Wang Xia
Published: May 2023

In this study, we present a facile wet chemical method for synthesizing Ni-modified polymeric carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy reveals the formation of a unique Ni–N structure, resulting from Ni atoms anchoring in cavities of g-C3N4. The Ni anchoring on the surface N sites modifies the electronic structure of g-C3N4, demonstrating remarkable effectiveness even at low anchoring amounts. The as-prepared Ni/g-C3N4 catalysts show robust performance for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation, attributed to the unique Ni–N interactions. Specifically, the photocatalytic H2 production rate of the Ni/CN-45 catalyst reached 8482.14 μmol·g−1·h−1 with an apparent quantum efficiency of 0.75% under light irradiation at 427 nm. This rate surpasses most of the previously reported g-C3N4 based photocatalysts and is nearly 8 times higher than that of the pure g-C3N4 catalyst (1116.07 μmol·g−1·h−1).
The impact of oxygen vacancy defect density on the nonlinearity and short-term plasticity of TiO2-based exponential selector
Authors: Chee Mun Yin , Andhita Dananjaya Putu , Lim Gerard Joseph , Lee Calvin Xiu Xian , Liu Lingli , Lew Wen Siang
Published: May 2023

The readout margin of the one selector-one RRAM crossbar array architecture is strongly dependent on the nonlinearity of the selector device. In this work, we demonstrated that the nonlinearity of Pt/TiO2/Pt exponential selectors increases with decreasing oxygen vacancy defect density. The defect density is controlled by modulating the sputtering pressure in the oxide deposition process. Our results reveal that the dominant conduction mechanisms of the Pt/TiO2/Pt structure transit from Schottky emission to Poole–Frenkel emission with the increase of sputtering pressure. Such transition is attributed to the rise of oxygen vacancy concentration. In addition, the short-term plasticity feature of the Pt/TiO2/Pt selector is shown to be enhanced with a lower defect density. These results suggest that low defect density is necessary for improved exponential selector performances.
Vector-valued Ruelle operator for weakly contractive IFS and Dini matrix potentials
Authors: Deng Fei-Fei , Ye Yuan-Ling
Published: May 2023

The (scalar) Ruelle operator theory is well-known both in fractal geometry and dynamical systems. In this paper we consider vector-valued Ruelle operators for weakly contractive iterative function systems associated with Dini matrix potentials. We generalize the result in the paper (J. Math. Anal. Appl.
299 341–56) to weakly contractive iterated function system. More exactly, our main theorem gives a sufficient condition for the vector-valued Ruelle operator with the Perron–Frobenius property.
Ion acceleration from a multispecies nanostructured target using a high-intensity laser: a simulation study
Authors: Choudhury Jubaraj , Bhagawati Ankita , Sarma Jyotirup , Das Nilakshi
Published: May 2023

The use of nanostructured targets can enhance the energy and quality of accelerated electron and ion beams compared to conventional flat foil targets. Ion acceleration from plastic foil targets having sub-micron thickness embedded with rods of nanometre length using ultra-short intense laser pulses of intensity

⩾

10

21

W cm−2 is investigated using particle-in-cell simulations. The laser and target parameters are tuned to achieve better performance with nanostructured targets compared to flat foils. Several novel features of the ion acceleration process are revealed in this study. A hybrid radiation pressure acceleration-target normal sheath acceleration mechanism using a linearly polarised (LP) laser is found to play a key role in accelerating protons upto ∼300 MeV of energy. The effects of multiple ion species on the acceleration of protons has been studied, and a narrow peak in the proton energy spectrum around ∼100 MeV is observed, which is attributed to the presence of heavier ions in the target.
Evidence of 1000 eV positive oxygen ion flux generated in reactive HiPIMS plasma
Authors: Kolodko Dobrynya V , Ageychenkov Dmitry G , Lisenkov Vladislav Yu , Kaziev Andrey V
Published: May 2023

The arrival of highly energetic (near 1000 eV) positive atomic oxygen ions at the substrate region has been detected in a unipolar reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering process operated with an uncooled copper target in argon–oxygen mixtures. Examination of the ion fluxes from discharge plasma was performed with a magnetic sector mass-spectrometer and an electrostatic energy analyzer. The energy of fast positive O+ ions is close to the value of eV
d (e—elementary charge, V
d—discharge voltage), which indicates their connection to the well-studied fraction of negative O− ions, which undergo acceleration in the cathode sheath. After switching the oxygen gas supply off, the flux of energetic O+ species decreases gradually as the poisoned target surface layers become depleted of oxygen due to sputtering in pure argon. Presumably, the observed energetic O+ ions originate as a result of low-angle scattering of fast negative O− ions from other charged or neutral species in the plasma followed by electron detachment, ionization, or charge exchange.
4D printing of shape memory polymers: A comparative study of programming methodologies on various material properties
Authors: Samal Bijaya Bikram , Jena Anita , Varshney Shailendra Kumar , Kumar Cheruvu Siva
Published: May 2023

The emergence of 4D printing has enabled the fabrication of various components that can change in response to external stimuli. Fused filament fabrication is one of the methods for creating shape-changing components using shape-memory polymer (SMP) filament. In order to exhibit the phenomenon of the shape memory effect, programming plays a crucial role. This article discusses two programming concepts, programming during printing (PDP) and programming after printing (PAP), for SMP processed by fused deposition modeling (FDM). We investigated the shape memory properties and other material behavior of PAP and PDP samples considering different thicknesses. We observe that PDP outperforms PAP in terms of shape memory properties based on various characterization tools like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), which are used for macro and microstructural features. Whereas, PAP shows better mechanical properties based on Nanoindentation analysis. The PDP samples achieved a maximum shape recovery of 99.25%, which is 44% higher than PAP for a 4 mm thick sample, and showed a 28% improvement in recovery compared to PAP for a 2 mm thick sample. Statistical analysis reveals significant differences in the means of recovery ratio and shape memory index between PAP and PDP, and no statistically significant difference is found for the fixation ratio. A shape recovery cycle life measurement has been carried out for a PDP bending actuator, which showed recovery until 140 cycles before complete failure. Finally, a working prototype demonstrating effectiveness of PDP and PAP for programming the same SMP in two different ways has been presented.
Effect of charged dust grains on the electrojet instabilities
Authors: Sarkar Sanjib , Atul Jyoti K , Laishram Modhuchandra , Zou Dandan , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: May 2023

The Farley-Buneman and Gradient Drift instabilities have been investigated using a fluid model, in a partially ionized dusty electrojet region in which dust and neutral particles constitute a uniform static background. The effects of dissociative electron-ion recombination and dust charge fluctuation on the instabilities also have been taken into account. The electron-ion dynamics are considered to derive the perturbed densities which further lead to the generalized dispersion relation. The dispersion relation describes the propagation of electrojet instabilities having frequency within dust ion acoustic range in a magnetized partially ionized dusty plasma. The dispersion relation is separately solved numerically and analytically for the two values of anisotropy parameters which correspond to the two different altitudes in the electrojet region. It is found that Gradient drift instability is unstable at a much longer wavelength as compared to Farley-Buneman instability both with or without dust. At lower altitudes(90 km) the increase of negative charge on dust decreases the threshold electron drift velocity for Farley-Buneman instability while it shows the opposite behavior at higher altitudes(100 km). A much lower electron drift velocity is required to excite the Gradient drift instability than the Farley-Buneman instability at both altitudes. The dissociative electron-ion recombination damps both modes much more than the dust charge fluctuation. A significant changes in threshold drift velocity is observed for the Farley-Buneman mode as compared to the Gradient Drift mode due to the two main damping mechanisms. The present analysis is applicable in the lower ionospheric electrojet region where meteoric ablation processes are dominant.
Beam dynamics and cavity design of an 8 MeV CW IH-DTL for SYSU-PAFA
Authors: Wang C.Y. , Lu L. , Ma W. , He T.
Published: May 2023

As a part of the Particle Accelerator Facility at Sun
Yat-sen University (SYSU-PAFA), a 200 MHz drift tube linac (DTL),
operating under continuous wave (CW) mode, has been
designed. PAFA-DTL is expected to accelerate a 10 mA proton beam
from 2.5 MeV to 8 MeV. Using the alternative phase focusing
(APF) beam dynamics scheme, a compact cell array has been designed
and optimized in order to limit the cavity length to 2.4 m with
high acceleration efficiency. As a result, PAFA-DTL contains 31
acceleration cells with beam transmission efficiency reaches 100%,
and better output beam quality is obtained by optimizing the input
beam parameters. Interdigital H-mode (IH) structure is utilized in
the PAFA-DTL cavity, which has achieved a high unloaded quality
factor of 13987. Additionally, to ensure the stability of PAFA-DTL
under CW operation, a low Kilpatrick factor (Kp) of 1.42 is obtained
by adjusting the blending radius of the drift tubes (DTs) to reduce
the risk of RF breakdown. The gap voltage distribution through RF
design is compared with that from the beam dynamics, and the maximum
absolute value of deviation is only 0.73%. In this paper, the
detailed design and results of PAFA-DTL, including beam dynamics and
RF design, are presented.
Stochastic resetting in interacting particle systems: a review
Authors: Nagar Apoorva , Gupta Shamik
Published: May 2023

We review recent work on systems with multiple interacting-particles having the dynamical feature of stochastic resetting. The interplay of time scales related to inter-particle interactions and resetting leads to a rich behaviour, both static and dynamic. The presence of multiple particles also opens up a new possibility for the resetting dynamics itself, namely, that of different particles resetting all together (global resetting) or independently (local resetting). We divide the review on the basis of specifics of reset dynamics (global versus local resetting), and further, on the basis of number (two versus a large number) of interacting particles. We will primarily be dealing with classical systems, and only briefly discuss resetting in quantum systems.
Use of Response Surface Methodology in Optimizing the Production yield of Biofuel from Cashew Nut Shell through the Process of Pyrolysis
Authors: Fombu A H , Ochonogor A E , Olayide O E
Published: May 2023

A fixed bed pyrolysis reactor was used to pyrolyze Cashew nut shell (CNS). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was then used to study the pyrolysis process. One Factor at a Time (OFAT) experiment was applied using different factors and levels. The OFAT results showed that the highest pyrolysis liquid yield was 57.8 wt.%. Two levels from each factor were chosen to run the RSM (applying Central Composite Design (CCD)) by forming two levels three factors (23) design. A quadratic model suggested by the Design Expert (version 11) software was used to predict the yield. The maximum liquid yield from the RSM was 61.3 wt. %.
Adsorption treatment of fibre-cement industry effluent by activated gossweilerodendron caesalpinoideae stem waste: kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Ani Julius U , Agbo Sunday C , Odewole Olufemi A , Ojo Francis K , Alum Ogechi L , Akpomie Kovo G , Ofomatah Anthony C , Chukwuemeka-Okorie Helen O , Onukwuli Okechukwu D
Published: May 2023

This investigation is on the treatment of a fibre-cement industry effluent (FCIE) using activated carbon (AC) adsorbent prepared by chemical activation (60% phosphoric acid) ofGossweilerodendron caesalpinoideae(GC) stem waste. The GCAC adsorbent was characterized by determination of the proximate and functional properties. The chemical groups, morphology and mineral phases of the GC stem waste and GCAC were studied by FTIR, SEM, and XRD methods, respectively. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were carried out using total dissolved solids (TDS) as evaluating parameter. Effects of adsorbent dosage (5-40 g/L), contact time (0-60 min), and temperature (20-40 °C) on the effluent decontamination were investigated. Results from the characterized supernatant showed up to 97% removal of the contaminants using 40 g/L of GC adsorbent at effluent pH 7.4. The concentrations of TDS obtained by U-V spectrophotometric analysis were fitted to pseudo-first and pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle kinetic models. The adsorption followed the pseudo-second order rate equation. Obtained free energy and enthalpy of adsorption values indicated non-spontaneous and endothermic adsorption. The study affirmed that the bioadsorbent, GCAC can be used for FCIE treatment.
Physicochemical Characterization of Wood Mixed with Coffee Waste Pellet
Authors: Iryani Dewi A , Halimatuzzahra Halimatuzzahra , Taharuddin Taharuddin , Haryanto Agus , Hidayat Wahyu , Hasanudin Udin
Published: May 2023

Recently, the demand for wood pellets as solid biofuel for co-firing process in the industry has increased. However, the increase in demand is not accompanied by the availability of sawdust (SD) as a raw material. Thus, seeking alternative biomass is needed to substitute wood. One of the alternative biomasses that can be considered as raw material for bio-pellet is the solid waste from the coffee industry. Meanwhile, the coffee industry annually produces large amounts of organic waste such as spent coffee grounds (SCG) and coffee husks (CH). Both solid wastes have organic compounds contained so that they can be utilized as solid biofuel. In this research, We investigated the quality changes of wood pellets before and after the addition of coffee waste in different mass ratios (1:1, 1:3). A densification method with a pressure of 2 tons is used in the wood pellet-making process. Physicochemical characterization of wood pellets such as density, durability, compressive strength, calorific value, and proximate and composition analysis using SCG and CH are conducted. The result shows that the addition of SCG into wood pellet increased the calorific value of wood pellet from 21.03 MJ.kg-1 to 21.71 MJ.kg-1. The calorific value with a ratio of 50: 50 of SD: SCG produces a better calorific value than CH (20.64 MJ.kg-1). The mechanical test of the pellet shows that the addition of SCG and CH slightly decreases the mechanical durability from 99.34% to 97.02%. Thus, increase the appearance density from ρ = 892.46 kg.m-3 to ρ = 1119.33 kg.m-3.
Pectin Extraction From Orange Peel With Microwave-Assisted Extraction Method as an Alternative Material in Polymer Injection
Authors: Afdhol M K , Setiawan C , Erfando T , Adam F , Saputra I D , Perdana R H
Published: May 2023

The problems of degradation on oil production can be solved by chemical EOR (Enchanced Oil Recovery) methods, polymer injection is the one kind of chemical EOR methods. When the polymer fluids injected in to reservoir then it will be increase the oil sweep efficiency and fixed the mobility ratio of the injected fluids. The sample that will be tested in this experiments is biopolymer. Besides the xanthan gum that extracted by using bacterial, in side the plant contained a compound as know as paectin, it is a derived from the polysaccharide. So far the pectin was extracted and has been used in food industrial as a thickening agent and gelling agent, so in this experiments will be doing the pectin extraction and then do the analysis step that prospected as an alternative material in polymer injection method. The extraction method that used in this experiments is by using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method from oranges peel waste. The purpose of this experiments is to knowing the pectin properness as a thickening agent as an alternative alternatife biopolymer material. The results of the FTIR test showed that there is compatibility of the function groups that formed the pection compounds.
Reducing the Ash Content of Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) Wood Pellets through Debarking and Mixing with Acacia (Acacia mangium) and Pines (Pinus merkusii) Wood
Authors: Gunawan I , Muharyani N , Hendrasetiafitri C
Published: May 2023

The use of renewable energy from wood biomass which is processed in the form of wood pellet are environmentally friendly, sustainable and also to reduce greenhouse effect and environmental pollution. The main problem in the quality of a wood pellet from Gliricidia and Calliandra is the ash content (1%) has not fulfilled the Europe quality standard requirement A1-EN14961 (ash content ≤ 0.7%) yet fulfills the A2-EN14961 quality standard. The effort to lower the ash content is by debarking and mixing with other wood variety to increase the quality of Gliricidia and Calliandra wood pellet quality in the international market. The aim of this research is to discover the effect of debarking and mixing of Gliricidia and Calliandra with pine and acacia wood toward the quality of wood pellet, especially the ash content. The result shows ash content for pine wood pellet and acacia wood pellet consecutively 0.36% and 0.71% have fulfilled the Europe quality standard EN 14961 (max. 0.7%) and have the potency to be the mixer raw material for Gliricidia (ash content 1.19%) and Calliandra (ash content 1.05%). Debarking method can lower the ash content of Gliricidia and Calliandra wood pellet consecutively 36.1% (from 1.19% to 0.76%) and 18.1% (from 1.05% to 0.86%) and almost fulfill the A1 Europe quality standard (EN 14961 max 0.7%). Wood mixing Gliricidia-Calliandra-Pine (1:1:1) ash content is 0.89% with 20.5% decreasing rate, almost fulfill the A1 Europe quality standard (EN 14961 max 0.7%). Wood mixing Gliricidia-Calliandra-Acacia (1:1:1) ash content is 1.17% with 2.7% decreasing rate. Method combination by mixing pine wood, debarking of gliricidia and calliandra have the potency to generate wood pellet with ash content suitable with the A1 Europe standard EN 14961 max 0.7% [1].
The Energy Yield of The Torrefied Coconut Shells
Authors: Espina R U , Barroca R B , Abundo M L S
Published: May 2023

Woody and herbaceous biomasses have been utilized as biomass energy plant feedstocks that generate electricity for years. The coconut tree, classified as woody biomass, flourishes throughout tropical regions. Every year, each tree can produce an average of 70 nuts or a maximum of 150 nuts, with each fruit consisting of 15.18% shell. The Philippines has approximately 2.2 million tons of coconut shells each year. The study aims to determine the energy yield of the coconut shells when torrefied. The coconut shells were crushed, torrefied, and analyzed elementally. Initially, the calorific value of raw coconut shells was 30.79 MJ/kg and improved to 34.37 MJ/kg after torrefying at 275°C and held for 30 minutes. The optimal mass yield was 90.10%, while the energy density was 111.64%, resulting in an energy yield of 100.59%. Torrefaction improved the calorific value of coconut shells by 11.63% and optimized the energy yield to 100.59%.
Effect of carbonization temperature on the properties of Rubber Seed-Shell briquettes
Authors: Amrullah A. , Irawansyah H. , Ardiyat I.N. , Cahyono G.R. , Ansyah P.R.
Published: May 2023

Rubber Seed-Shell is a biomass material with great potential as a bio-energy resource for future life. In preliminary research, a Rubber Seed-Shell briquette was manufactured using a laboratory briquette die. Building on the preliminary research, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of carbonization temperature on Rubber Seed-Shell briquette properties and to evaluate product properties. It was concluded that carbonization temperature does affect the properties of Rubber Seed-Shell briquettes. Results showed that moisture content ranged between 5.6 and 6.6% (db), volatile matter ranged between 26.6 and 39.3%, ash content ranged between 3.7 and 5.45% (db), fixed carbon ranged between 51.4 and 61.35 (db), and calorific value ranged from 23.1 to 26.3 MJ/kg. After being carbonized, the properties of the Rubber Seed-Shell briquette were improved. Overall, the properties of carbonized briquette observed in this work meet the briquette standard (Indonesian standard SNI 01-6235-2000) and the International standard (Japan, England, and the USA)). Thus, Carbonized Rubber Seed-Shell is proposed as a new biomass solid fuel that has the potential to be developed as a commercial briquette.
Discussions on the heat transfer performance of the indirect pyrolysis plant using CFD modeling
Authors: Hamazaki Mayu , Torii Kento , Shan Miao , Kameyama Mitsuo , Mercado Jericho Victor L , Dowaki Kiyoshi
Published: May 2023

Pyrolysis is a pathway for hydrogen reproduction from sewage sludge. The critical problem in the indirect pyrolysis process is the lower heat transfer performance in the furnace. The circulation of heat media controls the heat transfer in the pyrolizer (e.g., heat carriers (HCs) in the form of alumina balls), which is essential in determining the heat transfer performance and ultimately determining the hydrogen yield. The temperature of the HCs and amount of hydrogen yield are low because the required temperature in the vessel is not satisfied. This study investigated the relationship between the operating conditions and HC temperature profile to determine the optimum conditions for sufficient HC heating. We discuss the HC performance aspects to achieve a more effective operation using low inputs. Using a computational fluid dynamics simulation, we assessed the effect of the inlet gas temperature, inlet gas flow rate, and furnace structure on the heat transfer performance. We validated our model using the test results from a demonstration plant. We observed that by increasing the hot gas inlet temperature by 51 °C, the heat loss was reduced by 2,170 MJ/h, and the thermal efficiency of the entire plant was improved by 5.46%. When the number of hot-gas inlets was split, the efficiency did not change, but the temperature dispersion of the HCs was small. This implied that tar generation, including that of liquid substances, was prevented. At the pyrolysis temperature of 600°C, the cold gas efficiency was 81.2 LHV%.