bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lead Sulfide Quantum Dots as the Semiconductor Layer in Thin-Film Phototransistors for Infrared Thermal Image Sensing
Authors: Tai Ya-Hsiang , Tu Chih-Chung , Yuan Yi-Cheng , Tsai Hsu-En , Liou Bo-Wei , Lai Che-Yu , Chen Hsueh-Shih
Published: December 2024

This paper utilizes lead sulfide quantum dots, known for their high absorption coefficients, ease of solution processing, and high stability in air, as the semiconductor layer in thin-film phototransistors. These are combined with the most mature glass panel processing technology to create an infrared sensing device characterized by simple manufacturing processes, low production costs, small sensing areas, and large-area sensing capabilities. The novel lead sulfide quantum dot infrared sensing device proposed here exhibits remarkable performance at room temperature and under uncooled operation. It demonstrates a temperature sensitivity above 300 °C for radiation temperature measurement, a fast total response time of 69 μs, and performance metrics such as noise of 1.9 × 10−12 A/Hz1/2, a maximum responsivity of 103 A W−1, and a maximum detectivity of 2.04 × 1013 Jones. Therefore, the experimental results obtained here are significant for the research and design of future advanced quantum dot-based thermal imaging sensing applications.
Design and Optimization of Porous-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Biosensor for Label-Free White Blood Cell Classification Using Crayfish Equivariant Simplicial Quantum Attention Networks
Authors: Khansadurai Asan Mohideen , Pandiaraj Saravanan , Kaliaperumal Kumaravel , Alodhayb Abdullah N.
Published: December 2024

Swift and precise categorization of white blood cells is crucial for diagnosis of several hematological conditions. Conventional techniques include intricate labeling procedures that are laborious and resource-demanding. A new porous core photonic crystal fiber biosensor was developed to tackle these issues, optimized using the Crayfish Equivariant Simplicial Quantum Attention Network (CESQAN) algorithm. The suggested sensor design utilizes graphene, capitalizing on its remarkable optical qualities and capacity to handle high-dimensional data while preserving geometric integrity. The graphene-based design increases interactions, leading to increased specificity and other output performance metrics. An improved sensor design was obtained by optimizing the design parameters, size, and chemical potential of graphene. The sensor has an outstanding quality factor of 11.468, higher accuracy of 99.92%, F1 score of 99.72%, lower processing time of 0.1 s, and a figure of merit of 2.887. To enhance the optimization and diminish computing complexity, CESQAN is included in this research for behavioral prediction. The model’s impressive performance suggests that the proposed biosensor has great promise for accurate and quick detection of white blood cells as well as the monitoring of health issues. The sensor’s superior performance metrics, together with its streamlined appearance, signify a significant progression in biosensing technology.
Supplementary figure 5 from Targeting NTRK1 Enhances Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy in NTRK1 Wild-Type Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Smith Margaret R. , Dixon Caroline B. , Wang Yuezhu , Liu Yin , D’Agostino Ralph , Ruiz Jimmy , Oliver George , Miller Lance D. , Topaloglu Umit , Chan Michael D. , Farris Michael , Su Jing , Mileham Kathryn F. , Zhao Dawen , Li Wencheng , Sexton Tammy , Lycan Thomas , Haas Karen M. , Grayson Jason M. , Xing Fei
Published: December 2024

Supplementary figure 5
Data from mLumiOpto Is a Mitochondrial-Targeted Gene Therapy for Treating Cancer
Authors: Chen Kai , Ernst Patrick , Sarkar Anusua , Kim Seulhee , Si Yingnan , Varadkar Tanvi , Ringel Matthew D. , Liu Xiaoguang “Margaret” , Zhou Lufang
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mitochondria are important in various aspects of cancer development and progression. Targeting mitochondria in cancer cells holds great therapeutic promise, yet current strategies to specifically and effectively destroy cancer mitochondria in vivo are limited. Here, we developed mitochondrial luminoptogenetics (mLumiOpto), an innovative mitochondrial-targeted luminoptogenetics gene therapy designed to directly disrupt the inner mitochondrial membrane potential and induce cancer cell death. The therapeutic approach included synthesis of a blue light–gated cationic channelrhodopsin in the inner mitochondrial membrane and coexpression of a blue bioluminescence-emitting nanoluciferase in the cytosol of the same cells. The mLumiOpto genes were selectively delivered to cancer cells in vivo by an adeno-associated virus carrying a cancer-specific promoter or cancer-targeted mAB-tagged exosome-associated adeno-associated virus. Induction with nanoluciferase luciferin elicited robust endogenous bioluminescence, which activated cationic channelrhodopsin, triggering cancer cell mitochondrial depolarization and subsequent cell death. Importantly, mLumiOpto demonstrated remarkable efficacy in reducing tumor burden and killing tumor cells in glioblastoma and triple-negative breast cancer xenograft mouse models. Furthermore, the approach induced an antitumor immune response, increasing infiltration of dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. These findings establish mLumiOpto as a promising therapeutic strategy by targeting cancer cell mitochondria in vivo.

Significance: mLumiOpto is a next generation optogenetic approach that employs selective delivery of genes to cancer cells to trigger mitochondrial depolarization, effectively inducing cell death and reducing tumor burden.
Data from Tumor-Associated Microglia Secrete Extracellular ATP to Support Glioblastoma Progression
Authors: Wu Caren Yu-Ju , Chen Yiyun , Lin Ya-Jui , Wei Kuo-Chen , Chang Kwang-Yu , Feng Li-Ying , Chen Ko-Ting , Li Gordon , Ren Alexander Liang , Nitta Ryan Takeo , Wu Janet Yuling , Cho Kwang Bog , Pant Ayush , Choi John , Mackall Crystal L. , Kim Lily H. , Wu An-Chih , Chuang Jian-Ying , Huang Chiung-Yin , Jackson Christopher M. , Chen Pin-Yuan , Lim Michael
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis and high recurrence rates. The complex immune microenvironment of GBM is highly infiltrated by tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAM). TAMs are known to be heterogeneous in their functional and metabolic states and can transmit either protumoral or antitumoral signals to glioma cells. Here, we performed bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing on samples from patients with GBM, which revealed increased ATP synthase expression and oxidative phosphorylation activity in TAMs located in the tumor core relative to the tumor periphery. Both in vitro and in vivo models displayed similar trends of augmented TAM mitochondrial activity, along with elevated mitochondrial fission, glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, and extracellular ATP (eATP) production by TAMs in the presence of GBM cells. Tumor-secreted factors, including GM-CSF, induced the increase in TAM eATP production. Elevated eATP in the GBM microenvironment promoted glioma growth and invasion by activating the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7R) on glioma cells. Inhibition of the eATP–P2X7R axis attenuated tumor cell viability in vitro and reduced tumor size and prolonged survival in glioma-bearing mouse models. Overall, this study revealed elevated TAM-derived eATP in GBM and provided the basis for targeting the eATP–P2X7R signaling axis as a therapeutic strategy in GBM.

Significance: Glioblastoma-mediated metabolic reprogramming in tumor-associated microglia increases ATP secretion that supports cancer cell proliferation and invasion by activating P2X7R, which can be inhibited to attenuate tumor growth.
Table S7. Representativeness7 from Safety, Efficacy, and Biomarker Analysis of Crizotinib in MET-Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Results from the Drug Rediscovery Protocol
Authors: Verkerk Karlijn , van der Wel Tijmen J.W.T. , Zeverijn Laurien J. , Geurts Birgit S. , Spiekman Ilse A.C. , de Wit Gijs F. , Roepman Paul , Jansen Anne M.L. , van der Noort Vincent , Smit Egbert F. , Hoeben Ann , Hendriks Lizza E.L. , van den Heuvel Michel M. , Piet Berber , Herder Gerarda J.M. , Hashemi Sayed M.S. , Gelderblom Hans , Verheul Henk M.W. , Voest Emile E. , de Langen Adrianus J.
Published: December 2024

Representativeness of the participants included in the current study for the general population.
Supplementary Table 5 from Increased RNA and Protein Degradation Is Required for Counteracting Transcriptional Burden and Proteotoxic Stress in Human Aneuploid Cells
Authors: Ippolito Marica Rosaria , Zerbib Johanna , Eliezer Yonatan , Reuveni Eli , Viganò Sonia , De Feudis Giuseppina , Shulman Eldad D. , Savir Kadmon Anouk , Slutsky Rachel , Chang Tiangen , Campagnolo Emma M. , Taglietti Silvia , Scorzoni Simone , Gianotti Sara , Martin Sara , Muenzner Julia , Mülleder Michael , Rozenblum Nir , Rubolino Carmela , Ben-Yishay Tal , Laue Kathrin , Cohen-Sharir Yael , Vigorito Ilaria , Nicassio Francesco , Ruppin Eytan , Ralser Markus , Vazquez Francisca , Santaguida Stefano , Ben-David Uri
Published: December 2024

Details of cell lines, reagents and oligonucleotides used in the study
Supplementary Figure 4 from Dynamic Evolution of Fibroblasts Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Human Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dimitrieva Slavica , Harrison Jon M. , Chang Jonathan , Piquet Michelle , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Gabriel Millicent , Sagar Vivek , Horn Heiko , Lage Kasper , Kim Julie , Li Gang , Weng Shaobu , Harris Cynthia , Kulkarni Anupriya S. , Ting David T. , Qadan Motaz , Fagenholz Peter J. , Ferrone Cristina R. , Grauel Angelo L. , Laszewski Tyler , Raza Alina , Riester Markus , Somerville Tim , Wagner Joel P. , Dranoff Glenn , Engelman Jeffrey A. , Kauffmann Audrey , Leary Rebecca , Warshaw Andrew L. , Lillemoe Keith D. , Fernández-del Castillo Carlos , Ruddy David A. , Liss Andrew S. , Cremasco Viviana
Published: December 2024

Supplementary Figure 4
Pelvic/Sacral Chondrosarcoma with Brain Metastasis: A Case Report
Authors: Herrán-Fonseca Catalina , Vargas-Rojas Jorge Luis , Andreu-Atuesta Ramón Alejandro , Salgado-Rueda Sergio Andrés
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Chondrosarcomas are cartilaginous tumors primarily known for metastasizing to the lungs and bones. Their spread to the central nervous system is infrequent. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 32-year-old woman with a history of pelvic/sacral grade III chondrosarcoma (L4-S2; T3N0MX; Ki67; 30%), who underwent surgical resection and radiotherapy. She presented to the emergency department with a 2-day history of thunderclap headache accompanied by fever and chills. Computed axial tomography (CT) scan revealed a left occipital intraparenchymal lesion, subsequently confirmed as suggestive of a neoplastic lesion on magnetic resonance imaging. Ten days after admission, she experienced a two-minute generalized tonic-clonic seizure episode, followed by postictal stupor, tachycardia, hypertension, and anisochoric pupils. A follow-up CT scan demonstrated progression of the metastatic lesion, with evidence of uncal and foraminal herniation. Compression of the cardiorespiratory center at the bulbar level led to her death. Conclusion: This case report offers insight into the clinical presentation, behavior, and prognosis of a metastatic brain lesion derived from grade III chondrosarcoma. It is important to correlate the patient’s medical history with imaging findings to achieve an accurate diagnosis, especially in situations where biopsy may not be feasible.
A Detailed Karyological Investigation of three Endemic Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 Species (Teleostei, Cobitidae) in Anatolia, Türkiye
Authors: Unal Karakus Sevgi , Gaffaroğlu Muhammet , Karasu Ayata Muradiye , Knytl Martin
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Comparative cytogenetics is a vital approach for diagnosing chromosome abnormalities and identifying species-specific patterns. In this study, chromosomal analysis of three Anatolian endemic Cobitis species was performed: Cobitis bilseli, C. fahireae, and C. turcica. Methods: Conventional cytogenetic techniques such as Giemsa staining, C-banding, and Ag-NOR staining were applied, followed by measurements of chromosome arm lengths including analysis of the measured data. Results: The diploid chromosome number, 2n = 50, was determined for all three species. The karyotype formulas were as follows: four pairs of metacentric, 5 pairs of submetacentric, and 16 pairs of subtelo-telocentric chromosomes in C. bilseli; 11 pairs of metacentric, 7 pairs of submetacentric, and 7 pairs of subtelo-telocentric chromosomes in C. fahireae; and 4 pairs of metacentric, 4 pairs of submetacentric, and 17 pairs of subtelo-telocentric chromosomes in C. turcica. Dark C-bands were observed on the pericentromeres of nearly all chromosomes in C. bilseli and C. turcica, whereas light C-bands appeared on the pericentromeres of some chromosomes in C. fahireae. Silver-stained metaphases revealed signals on the short arm of a submetacentric chromosome pair in C. fahireae (each homologous chromosome carries one signal), while in C. bilseli and C. turcica, Ag-NOR signals were detected on the long arm of a single metacentric chromosome (only one homologous chromosome carries the signal, and the signal-carrying chromosome is the largest chromosome in the karyotype). Conclusion: This study provides new cytogenetic data consistent with the phylogenetic distances between the studied species, indicating that pericentric inversions and/or translocations govern the formation of Cobitis karyotypes.
Diversity and Efficacy Mold Rhizosphere to Control Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Stem-End Rot Disease on Citrus nobilis from East Kalimantan
Authors: Agustina Nensi , Mutia Erti  Dwiastuti  , Triwiratno Anang , Suharjono
Published: December 2024

The current study aimed to determine the abundance and diversity of soil characteristics and their relationship with mold abundance and potential in inhibiting Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a potential rhizosphere mold species of Siamese orange plant. The pathogenic mold that causes stem-end rot disease was isolated from stems with rotting symptoms. In contrast, the antagonistic mold was obtained from isolation from the rhizosphere soil of Siamese plants. The samples were collected from Siamese orchards in East Kalimantan. The abundance and diversity of molds on swamp land are higher than on dry land. A total of 28 molds were found in the rhizosphere of Siamese orange plants. Mold abundance was positively correlated with soil moisture, organic matter, C-Organic, and N-total but negatively correlated with temperature and pH. Soil chemical characteristics directly influence mold abundance, while soil chemical characteristics indirectly influence it. 21 out of 28 isolates were Biological Control Agents (BCA). TR37 mold has the highest inhibitory power of 89.31% of the D13.C2 pathogen that causes stem-end rot disease. ITS rDNA sequence homology shows that the TR37 mold identified as Trichoderma reesei, while pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae causes stem-end rot disease
Design of Epitope-Based Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2: An Immuno-Informatics Study
Authors: Kusuma Kavana Hafil , Widyananda Muhammad Hermawan , Nafisah Wirdatun , Grahadi Rahmat , Christina Yuyun Ika , Dwijayanti Dinia Rizqi , Mustikaningtyas Dewi , Widodo Nashi , Djati Muhammad Sasmito
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to develop an epitope-based vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 S protein through an immuno-informatics study. The whole genome of SARS-CoV-2 sequences was obtained from the GISAID database and then trimmed to obtain the S protein sequences. The alignment was done by Clustal-W of MEGA software. Epitope prediction and modeling were performed by Discotope BepiPred and the PepFold3 web server. The allergic responses and physicochemical characteristics of predicted epitopes were analyzed using the AlgPred and ProtParam from ExPASy. Molecular docking and dynamic stimulation were performed using AutoDock Vina and YASARA. Biovia Discovery Studio 2019 was used to visualize the molecular docking results. The study predicted 3 potential epitopes, including ‘GDEVRQIAPGQTGKIADYNYKLP’ (epitope 1), ‘YTMSLGAENSVAYSNN’ (epitope 2), and ‘VNNSYECDIPI’ (epitope 3) located in the spike head specifically RBD region. The epitopes did not show an allergen reaction based on IgE epitope mapping. The suitable overexpression for the host of epitopes was mammalian cells. Only epitopes 1 and 2 were stable (instability index above 40). Epitopes 1, 2, and 3 interacted with BCR with binding affinity values -6.6, -7.8, and -7.5 kcal/mol. Epitope 2 wasere stable when interacting with the BCR. Therefore, three epitopes were predicted to have high potency as the SARS-CoV-2 epitope-based vaccine.
Analysis of trnL- trnL- trnF Intergenic Spacer and matK Sequences Combined with Morphological Observations Showed Pucuk Seminyak from Riau is Champereia manillana var. manillana Merr.
Authors: Roslim Dewi Indriyani , Herman  , Budiono Deanne Yoshe Fidela , Cahyati Isa Endar , Lestari Wahyu , Novita Linda , Priyadi Arief
Published: December 2024

A taxonomic status of Pucuk Seminyak plant is still unclear. This plant has a fruit like Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) fruit and is often classified as a member of Gnetaceae family. This study aims to determine the taxonomic status of Pucuk Seminyak from Riau using trnL-trnL-trnF intergenic spacer (IGS) and matK sequences. Methods included leaf samples from three individuals collected from the Kampar Regency, Riau Province, total DNA extraction, electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and data analysis. The results showed that the trnL-trnL-trnF IGS DNA sequences from the three samples of Pucuk Seminyak were obtained 937 bp length, while the matK had a size of 775 bp. These sequences have been registered in GenBank with registration numbers OQ174512, OQ174513, and OQ174514 for trnL-trnL-trnF IGS, and OQ174525, OQ174526, and OQ174527 for matK. The highest similarity was found between Pucuk Seminyak and Champereia manillana with an identity value of 99.67% based on trnL-trnL-trnF IGS and 99.74% based on matK. BLASTn analysis by default settings and organism Champereia (taxid: 50116) resulted in hits on the Champereia genus of the Opiliaceae. Further phylogenetic analysis placed the study objects in the Champereia clade (bootstrap support 49 for trnL-trnL-trnF, 68 for matK, and 71 for concatenated sequences). Lastly, identification by morphological characters also confirmed that the specimen agreed with the description and identification key for C. manillana. The species is classified into two varieties: var. longistaminea and var. manillana. The former was distributed in Southwest China, and the latter was distributed in Malesia to India. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis separated the two varieties into different clades. Therefore, it can be concluded that our specimen of Pucuk Seminyak is identified as C. manillana var. manillana Merr. (Opiliaceae).
Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Hydro-distillated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino with Hydrogen Gas
Authors: Kim Min Young
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen-rich Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino distillate (HRGD) is made by distilling G. pentaphyllum Makino with hydrogen gas to produce the final product. The study evaluated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of HRGD, as well as its antioxidant properties, including scavenging activities for various radicals such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide radical (H2O2), nitric oxide radical (NO•) and 2,2´-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+), along with a ferrous ion chelating assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 42330 mg gallic acid and 36300 mg rutin equivalents/100 g, respectively. HRGD exhibited significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities in vitro, which were dose-dependent and superior to those of standard antioxidants. HRGD exhibited higher scavenging activities for DPPH, O2-, H2O2, NO• and ABTS•+ radicals, as well as ferrous ion chelating activity than standard antioxidants (p < 0.05). The results showed that HRGD could be an economical and readily accessible source of natural antioxidants and a possible food and pharmaceutical supplement.
Etnicidad, agencia y política en el estado multicultural colombiano
Authors: Ramos Oscar jehiny Larrahondo
Published: December 2024

In this essay, an attempt will be made to think of the places of enunciation, the languages, and the semantics of Afro-descendant ethnic communities as places of tension with the hegemonic discourses of the academic canon still in force in State institutions and orthodox academics, and that, nevertheless, they constitute a space for the development of the imaginary of the multicultural State in Colombia. Tension to which critical insights can be made, especially from a poststructuralist perspective (FOUCAULT, 1977) without guarantees or definitive closures, as well as from a postcolonial perspective (HALL, 2008), to think about the semantics of multiculturalism as a scenario of enunciative possibilities of man, territory, and intersubjective relationships (HABERMAS, 1998). It is intended here, therefore, to account for the importance of cultural prerogatives, especially those of ethnic groups, to constitute a new key social agreement in the development of a new dimension of the human being in contemporary society (LATOUR, 2017).
ATP2A3 in Primary Aldosteronism: Machine Learning-Based Discovery and Functional Validation
Authors: Sun Zhuolun , Kemter Elisabeth , Pang Yingxian , Bidlingmaier Martin , Wolf Eckhard , Reincke Martin , Williams Tracy Ann
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) are a common cause of primary aldosteronism that can lead to cardiovascular complications if left untreated. Machine learning-based bioinformatics approaches have emerged as powerful tools for identifying potential disease markers, gaining widespread recognition in biomedical research. We aimed to use machine learning to discover novel biomarkers of APAs to identify new pathophysiological mechanisms.

METHODS:

We applied 2 machine learning algorithms to published RNA sequencing data to identify APA feature genes. Validation was performed using APA tissue samples, spatial transcriptomics, pig adrenal glands, and in vitro assays in a human adrenocortical cell line.

RESULTS:

Machine learning identified
ATP2A3
as a key feature gene in APA, and its upregulation in APAs compared with the adjacent cortex was confirmed by spatial transcriptomics. In human adrenocortical cells, angiotensin II treatment increased
ATP2A3
gene expression 9.15-fold. Silencing
ATP2A3
decreased basal
CYP11B2
expression and aldosterone secretion by 3.51-fold and 1.46-fold, respectively, and by 1.77-fold and 1.94-fold under angiotensin II stimulation. Dietary sodium restriction in pigs significantly increased
ATP2A3
mRNA and protein levels. Spatial transcriptomics showed that APA cells exhibited higher
ATP2A3
gene expression compared with all other adrenal cell types. The suppressive effect of
ATP2A3
silencing on
CYP11B2
expression was further enhanced by Ca
2+
inhibitors.

CONCLUSIONS:

The
ATP2A3
gene is highly expressed in APA and is a key regulator of
CYP11B2
expression and aldosterone production.
Tool Representations in Human Visual Cortex
Authors: Cortinovis Davide , Peelen Marius V. , Bracci Stefania
Published: December 2024

Tools such as pens, forks, and scissors play an important role in many daily-life activities, an importance underscored by the presence in visual cortex of a set of tool-selective brain regions. This review synthesizes decades of neuroimaging research that investigated the representational spaces in the visual ventral stream for objects, such as tools, that are specifically characterized by action-related properties. Overall, results reveal a dissociation between representational spaces in ventral and lateral occipito-temporal cortex (OTC). While lateral OTC encodes both visual (shape) and action-related properties of objects, distinguishing between objects acting as end-effectors (e.g., tools, hands) versus similar noneffector manipulable objects (e.g., a glass), ventral OTC primarily represents objects' visual features such as their surface properties (e.g., material and texture). These areas act in concert with regions outside of OTC to support object interaction and tool use. The parallel investigation of the dimensions underlying object representations in artificial neural networks reveals both the possibilities and the difficulties in capturing the action-related dimensions that distinguish tools from other objects. Although artificial neural networks offer promise as models of visual cortex computations, challenges persist in replicating the action-related dimensions that go beyond mere visual features. Taken together, we propose that regions in OTC support the representation of tools based on a behaviorally relevant action code and suggest future paths to generate a computational model of this object space.
The Role of Sleep in Memory Consolidation and Reading in Dyslexia
Authors: Solbi Ali , Earle F. Sayako
Published: December 2024

Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reading difficulty, which has long been attributed to a phonological processing deficit. However, recent research suggests that general difficulties with learning and memory, but also in memory consolidation, may underlie disordered reading. This review article provides an overview of the relationship between learning and memory, memory consolidation during sleep, and reading and explores the emerging literature on consolidation during sleep in individuals with dyslexia. We consider evidence that sleep appears to be less effective for memory consolidation in children with dyslexia and how this may be related to their deficits in reading. This discussion highlights the need for further research to determine the extent to which atypical sleep patterns may contribute to learning deficits associated with disordered reading.
A Survey on Model Compression for Large Language
Models
Authors: Zhu Xunyu , Li Jian , Liu Yong , Ma Can , Wang Weiping
Published: December 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing tasks successfully. Yet, their large size and high computational needs pose challenges for practical use, especially in resource-limited settings. Model compression has emerged as a key research area to address these challenges. This paper presents a survey of model compression techniques for LLMs. We cover methods like quantization, pruning, and knowledge distillation, highlighting recent advancements. We also discuss benchmarking strategies and evaluation metrics crucial for assessing compressed LLMs. This survey offers valuable insights for researchers and practitioners, aiming to enhance efficiency and real-world applicability of LLMs while laying a foundation for future advancements.
Type specimens of Primates (Mammalia) in the collections of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin
Authors: TURNI HENDRIK
Published: December 2024

The present catalog documents all the primate type specimens held at the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin [MfN]. Due to insufficient labeling at the time of receipt and description, many types remained unrecognized, labeled with synonymous or incorrect names until now. For identification of all types, including the previously unrecognized type specimens, approximately 8,000 primate specimens were revised in the MfN collection, 144 of them represent primary types (holotypes, lectotypes, and syntypes) and 141 paratypes or paralectotypes could be found. These types belong to 129 described primate species and subspecies, of which 44 are currently in use.
Redescription of the poorly known Allopodoiulus schioedtei (Verhoeff, 1898) and the identity of Xestoiulus luteus (Attems, 1951) (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)
Authors: ANTIĆ DRAGAN , STOJANOVIĆ DALIBOR , ŠEVIĆ MIRKO , AKKARI NESRINE
Published: December 2024

Based on old type material and freshly collected specimens, we evaluate and clarify the taxonomic status of two poorly known Balkan species, Allopodoiulus schioedtei (Verhoeff, 1898) and Xestoiulus luteus (Attems, 1951), and propose their synonymy with X. luteus syn. nov. as a junior subjective synonym. A lectotype is designated for A. schioedtei. In addition, the genus Allopodoiulus Verhoeff, 1898 and the species A. schioedtei are diagnosed and redescribed. The validity of the genus Allopodoiulus and the relationships of its two known species, A. schioedtei and Allopodoiulus verhoeffi (Jawłowski, 1931), are briefly discussed. A distribution map of A. schioedtei is presented.
A new genus and species of club-horned wasps, with a key to the Old World genera of Sapyginae (Hymenoptera, Sapygidae)
Authors: LOON MILO VAN
Published: December 2024

A new genus and species of the family Sapygidae from Southeast Asia is described: Dasysapyga picta van Loon, gen. et sp. nov. The new genus is similar to Parasapyga Turner, 1910, but differs mainly in sculpture, wing venation and pubescence. A key to the Old World genera of the subfamily Sapyginae is provided.
The Surgeon’s Role in Disaster and Counterterrorism Medicine
Authors: Tin Derrick , Lane Joshua E. , Floyd John
Published: December 2024

Medical and surgical care remain a critical feature of disaster preparedness. The evolution of modern warfare introduces elements manifesting as both domestic and foreign terrorism. The fields of disaster and counterterrorism medicine continue to evolve in response to these looming threats. While perhaps not common, education, preparedness, and medical/surgical capabilities are paramount to an effective disaster and counterterrorism medical (and surgical) response. The present study examines the specific role of the surgeon within the scope of disaster and counterterrorism medicine.
Roads to engagement: A roundtable discussion with Jennifer Hart, Peter Norton, Anke Ortlepp, Heidi Tworek, and Roland Wenzlhuemer
Authors: Greiner Andreas , Liebisch-Gümüş Carolin , Peters Mario , Wenzlhuemer Roland
Published: December 2024

This roundtable discussion concluded the conference “Roads to Exclusion: Socio-Spatial Dynamics of Mobility Infrastructures since 1800” that took place at the German Historical Institute Washington (GHI) in September 2022. The event was organised by the GHI and the Käte Hamburger Kolleg global dis:connect – Dis:connectivity in Processes of Globalisation at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) and brought together scholars from four continents who discussed the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion entailed in transportation infrastructures around the globe. The roundtable included four panellists – Jennifer Hart (Virginia Tech), Peter Norton (University of Virginia), Anke Ortlepp (University of Cologne) and Heidi Tworek (The University of British Columbia) – and was moderated by Roland Wenzlhuemer (LMU). Focusing on the question of what the most pressing topics in the history of transportation and infrastructure are, the panellists urged for more people-centred histories and cross-disciplinary collaboration. The discussion also revolved around the need for scholars of transportation to develop compelling narratives that can help them reach wider audiences and build pathways toward a more just, sustainable, inclusive, and mobile future.
Stories of Bereavement: Examining Medical Students’ Reflections on Loss and Grief
Authors: Shapiro Johanna , Freeman Nicholas , Nguyen Alexis , Dang Nancy , Lorkalantari Yasaman
Published: December 2024

In this qualitative study, we used thematic analysis to examine reflective essay data from students at a United States public medical school ( N = 60). We sought to identify how students describe their experiences of loss and grief, as well as examine differences between students’ responses to personal and professional loss. Students in both groups reported similar reactions with some expected differences: Students who experienced professional loss more often emphasized skills focused on helping patients’ families. In accounts of personal loss, students appeared more focused on their own grief and helplessness. Students in both groups noted many positive as well as negative reactions. Students recounting both types of loss reported little about how they coped with grief or about receiving either informal or institutional support. Medical educators should help students develop effective coping skills in response to loss and provide better institutional support during times of bereavement.
Assessing Executive Functions: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Yellow-Red Test in Bosnian Elementary School Students
Authors: Bukva Ajla , Memisevic Haris
Published: December 2024

Executive functions (EF) have been significantly correlated with many important participant characteristics, including education, behavior, and overall health. Assessing EF in children is particularly important, as doing so can help clinicians develop programs for EF remediation. However, there is a limited understanding of comprehensive performance-based EF assessment tools for children. Our goal in the present paper was to conduct a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the Yellow-Red test, a performance-based EF measure, in a Bosnian sample of early elementary school students. Specifically, our participants were 180 children aged 8–11 years ( M age = 9.6 years, SD = 1), including 83 girls and 97 boys. The CFA showed that the data fit well with both a unidimensional model (global EF) and a two-dimensional EF model, comprised of (i) working memory and (ii) inhibition plus cognitive flexibility. A comparison of these two models showed that the two-factor model was a statistically better fit to this sample’s performance than the unidimensional model. These results suggest that EF in this age group can be viewed as both a single construct and a multi-factor construct (with at least two-factors). The Yellow-Red Test, with its engaging and cross-cultural research base, is a useful instrument for detecting EF dysfunction, and it can provide valuable insights for informing tailored interventions.
BROWSING: Further thoughts on this month’s theme
Authors: Wakefield Alice P.
Published: December 2024

Additional resources and discussion questions related to the December 2024/January 2025 Kappan theme, “The Math Education Students Need.”
Do Holocaust education mandates work?
Authors: Smith William L.
Published: December 2024

In the context of both rising antisemitism in the U.S. and the increasing popularity of states mandating the teaching of the Holocaust in K-12 schools, William Smith asks, are such legislative mandates effective? Can states achieve ambitious goals like preventing future genocides and reducing antisemitism by requiring that students learn about the Holocaust? He reviews the limited research on Holocaust education mandates, and Holocaust education generally, with analysis suggesting that such curriculum mandates may not be having the desired effects on student learning. He poses theories about the factors limiting the effectiveness of these mandates.
The Role of Resilience, Social Support, and Artistic Activities in Mental Health During Pandemics
Authors: Baquero-Sierra Alejandro , Annicchiarico Iván , Galeano Carlos Mauricio
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the impact of intentional activities (IAs) on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bogotá, Colombia, and the mediating role of family support, social support, and resilience. Results in Study One showed significant predictions of psychological variables by gender, age, and education. Men exhibited higher resilience, while age negatively predicted mental health issues and positively predicted family support, social support, and resilience. In Study Two, IAs predicted family support, social support, and resilience. However, when these mediators were included in predicting mental health, IAs no longer directly predicted it, while family support, social support, and resilience did. In Study Three, an exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors that encompass IAs: creative artistic activities and self-care activities factors. Performing these activities at least once a week positively predicted mental health outcomes, with participants reporting lower mental health issues and higher levels of family support, social support, and resilience. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of engaging in intentional activities during the pandemic for maintaining mental health. Family support, social support, and resilience significantly mediate IAs and mental health outcomes. Encouraging individuals to engage in creative artistic activities and self-care at home may be a cost-effective strategy to promote mental well-being during challenging times.
Enhancing small diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts with heparin and hepatocyte growth factor: A promising approach
Authors: Cai Zhiwen , Tan Zhengli , Tian Ran , Miao Peng , Chen Xin , Yao Chenliang , Yu Zhengya
Published: December 2024

Currently, there is often a lack of suitable small-caliber graft vessels for treating cardiovascular diseases because of thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia. Tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) promise a potential solution to this issue. Acellular vascular matrix with good mechanical properties and biocompatibility is commonly used as a tissue engineered scaffold. In this study, acellular rat aortas were preloaded with heparin and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to fabricate small diameter TEVGs. In terms of the biomechanical properties, this scaffold was similar to native rat aortas. We implanted this scaffold into a rat abdominal aorta, and the acellular aorta with heparin only was used as control. The patency at 6 months of the two groups was 100%. At 1 month, a complete layer of endothelial cells could be seen on the surface of the vascular lumen of the scaffold with heparin and HGF. The results also showed that the intimal thickness was significantly reduced in the grafts coated with HGF compared to the control grafts. In conclusion, the small-diameter TEVGs constructed by acellular vascular scaffolds coated with heparin and HGF have a promising clinical application prospect.
Establishing an interhospital ECMO-transport program during a pandemic: Key lessons learned
Authors: Ozgur Mustafa Mert , Altınay Ece , Ogus Halide , Hançer Hakan , Koksal Hakan Yusuf , Yılmaz Uzeyir , Ozer Tanıl , Aksut Mehmet , Altas Ozge , Yerli İsmail , Simsek Mine , Erkilic Atakan , Sarıkaya Sabit , Kırali Kaan
Published: December 2024

Background:

The emergence of COVID-19 has amplified the importance of efficient patient transfer, leading to the idea of inter-hospital ECMO transport programs. However, there are limited studies on ECMO transfer protocols and experiences during COVID pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness our transport program and provide insights into establishing and maintaining ECMO programs.

Methods:

Over the period from April 2020 to December 2021, 76 patients with severe hypoxic COVID-19 ARDS were transferred to our center under a veno-venous ECMO support. The transfers were performed by the experienced transport ECMO-team, covering both intracity and intercity transports from various hospitals in Istanbul and the Marmara Region.

Results:

Mean age was 44 (34–54) years. Time until ECMO initiation was 6 (3–11.2) days. The average transport distance was 36.6 ± 58.7 km. Average intracity and intercity transport distance were 17.5 ± 15.7 and 121 ± 96.6 km, respectively. ECMO wean rate was 40.7% and survival to discharge (home) was 38.1%. No major adverse events occurred during the transfer process. In one transport, the oxygen tank was instantly replenished on the road due to the decrease in the oxygen level in the tank.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this study contributed to the knowledge surrounding ECMO transport programs during pandemics, emphasized the importance of expert coordination and careful patient management with demonstrating feasibility of mobile ECMO program .
Mechanical analysis of fiber-reinforced composite running-specific prosthesis using a matrix of TPU or PLA
Authors: Davalos Jose , Garcia Juan Carlos , Clemente Christian
Published: December 2024

Running-specific prostheses (RSPs) allow amputees to run competitively and recreationally, offering stability, flexibility, and energy return. Despite advancements, RSP can still improve in materials and manufacturing. This study investigated the mechanical behavior of running-specific prosthesis (RSP) manufactured with a composite of carbon fiber and matrices of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or polylactic acid (PLA). The research objectives were to experimentally determine the most suitable matrix (TPU or PLA) according to mechanical behavior and for the selected matrix to compute the mechanical response for using 8, 10, and 12 carbon fiber layers and a 6, 8, and 10 mm matrix thickness. The matrices were 3D printed and the carbon fiber layers were incorporated by a hand lay-up process. The applied load corresponded to a 60 kg user. Experimental measurements identified that the TPU matrix presents low stiffness compared to the PLA matrix. Numerical analysis indicated a delamination failure in the RSP with 8 layers, whereas with 10 and 12 layers, no failure was observed. No evidence of failure was exhibited for the TPU matrix. Because of its compression capacity, load resistance, and the absence of damage, the TPU is suitable for its use in the manufacturing of RSP.
Experimental study and optimizing the FDM process using war strategy optimization technique to enhance mechanical properties and surface quality of the PLA thermoplastic
Authors: Gholipour Farid , Shabgard Mohammad Reza , Baraheni Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is extensively utilized in aerospace and biomedical industries for creating intricate and complex parts and prototypes. The mechanical properties of 3D printed components heavily rely on selecting the appropriate process parameters. This study aims to investigate the effects of process parameters, such as infill pattern type, nozzle diameter, and nozzle temperature, on the mechanical properties and surface roughness of FDM printed parts. Analysis of variance was employed to assess the effects of each parameter and identify the significant ones. The results revealed that nozzle diameter has the most influence on tensile behavior, while infill pattern affects impact strength and surface roughness the most. The process parameters were optimized to achieve lower surface roughness and maximum tensile and impact strength, as well as elongation at break, for the printed parts. A novel optimization technique called war strategy optimization (WSO) was implemented in this investigation, using regression correlations as objective functions. For each objective function, exclusive optimal parameter settings were proposed.
RANZCP Position Statement 46: A missed opportunity to provide sophisticated guidance on asylum seeker and refugee policy
Authors: Spencer Jillian
Published: December 2024

Objective

To stimulate discussion on how the RANZCP can contribute more constructively to the debate over Australia’s immigration policies.

Conclusions

Updated in March 2024, RANZCP Position Statement 46, titled: ‘The provision of mental health services for asylum seekers and refugees’, continues the College’s advocacy for a compassionate stance towards asylum seekers and refugees on the grounds of preventing or improving their mental health. College statements over the last decade have raised concerns about policies that are designed to deter boat arrivals; and recently, have endorsed the High Court’s NZYQ decision to mandate community release of detained non-Australian citizens deemed to have failed ‘the character test’ under the Migration Act 1958 (Cth). The College appears to have avoided addressing public concern about how a high asylum seeker and refugee inflow may impact community cohesion and prosperity. RANZCP’s reputation will be enhanced by ensuring more extensive explication of reasoning and rebuttal of counter arguments for the position it has taken on this complex political issue.
“At Least I Use Magnesium Before I Go Clubbing”: Health Perspectives, Risk Denial Techniques, Risk Balancing, and Edgework in Recreational Club Drug Use
Authors: Edland-Gryt Marit
Published: December 2024

This article explores understandings of health and risk in relation to club drug use, through in-depth interviews with young adults ( n = 35) using club drugs in Oslo, Norway. In contemporary society, negotiations around physical health are at the center of people’s perceptions of everyday life. From a sociological perspective, risk perceptions and health perspectives can be seen as affecting the use of various club drugs and the meaning given to these phenomena. The aim of this study is to explore how young adults perceive drug use and health and how they relate to health perceptions in their clubbing experiences. At the theoretical level, the article aims to develop risk denial theory as outlined by Peretti-Watel, by proposing a fourth risk denial technique in addition to scapegoating, self-confidence, and comparison between risks. This fourth technique is described as Compensating behaviors and shows how young adults’ emphasis on health both in talk and action is important for understanding their behaviors. The participants describe what they did and emphasized in their talk that this was important. Findings demonstrate how the compensating behaviors consist of both actions and talk; they talk about exercise, use of supplements, and fluid replacement; this is a risk denial technique that arguably also works as a form of harm reduction from below. The study offers insights into how and why young adults use club drugs and explores how they legitimize such use.
Investigation on coupling vibration characteristics of asymmetric rails with variable cross-sections based on modal separation
Authors: Zheng Zhaoguang , Xu Jingmang , Huang Ziyi , Xiang Kailai , Liao Tao , Lai Jun , Wang Ping
Published: December 2024

In railway turnouts, asymmetric switch rails with variable cross-sections are designed for wheel load transitions. However, the dynamic characteristics of these specially shaped switch rails are not yet fully understood. This paper investigates the vibration characteristics of switch rails through theoretical simulations, on-site admittance tests, and operational deflection shape (ODS) measurements. The study reveals that the modes of the switch rail involve multi-directional coupling vibrations, making the mode types indiscernible through direct observation. To address this, a modal separation method is proposed, based on the calculation of modal mass. The vertical vibration of the switch rail can be categorized into three types: torsional mode, vertical bending mode, and reverse torsion mode of the rail head and base above 600 Hz. As the position approaches the switch rail point, the degree of cross-sectional asymmetry increases, which consequently intensifies torsional vibration. Cross-sectional asymmetry is identified as the primary factor causing the coupling of bending-torsional vibrations, while variable cross-sections contribute to mode shape asymmetry and the gradual alteration of natural frequency along the rail.