bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Adaptations of Deep-Sea Creatures: Climate Change and Captive Fish Migration
Authors: Mehak Aslam  , Hammad Hassan  , Zunnorain Ahmed  , Shakeel Ahmed Memon  , Waniza Tahir  , Fatima Ishaq  , Umber Rauf  , Hira Qamar  , Malka Saba Bashir  , Anum Sabir
Published: February 2025

The deep sea, encompassing more than 60% of Earth's surface, constitutes one of the planet's harshest and least investigated ecosystems, inhabited by species with remarkable adaptations to high pressure, constant darkness, and limited supplies. These adaptations facilitate life in extreme environments but render deep-sea organisms particularly susceptible to the persistent effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities, such as deep-sea mining and bottom trawling. This review examines the evolutionary adaptations of deep-sea species and emphasizes their physiological, morphological, and behavioral mechanisms. It analyses the impact of climate change-related stressors, such as increasing ocean temperatures, acidification, and deoxygenation, on their survival and dispersal. Furthermore, it examines deep-sea fish's migration patterns and captive habits, emphasizing their ecological importance and conservation challenges. This study synthesizes findings from several studies to identify significant knowledge gaps, particularly concerning the long-term impacts of multiple stressors and the contribution of the deep sea to the global carbon cycle. Using an interdisciplinary approach, it proposes actionable recommendations for future research, including studies on physiological resilience and applying genomic technologies to explore adaptation mechanisms. These findings guide conservation initiatives, including establishing marine protected zones and enforcing international restrictions on deep-sea resource extraction. This study underscores the significance of conserving deep-sea biodiversity to sustain ecosystem integrity and global climate equilibrium. It establishes a basis for enhancing research and policy in this vital domain.
Radiation Exposure Knowledge among Anaesthesia Residents: A Cross Sectional Study in Karachi Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Asir Nasiruddin  , Adeel Ur Rehman  , Kashif Naeem  , Atif Pervaiz Lawrence  , Syed Faraz Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Preventive strategies to reduce radiation-induced harm among anaesthesiologists are directed by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and the US Environmental Protection Agency. These instructions underscore the necessity of minimising exposure intensity and duration, maintaining distance from the radiation source, and employing shielding against both primary and dispersed radiation. This study sought to assess the knowledge and apprehension of radiation exposure among anaesthesia residents in teaching hospitals in Karachi via an online questionnaire. Objective: To evaluate the understanding of radiation exposure and protective protocols among anaesthesia residents in teaching hospitals in Karachi. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed at many teaching hospitals in Karachi, including The Indus Hospital, AKUH, Ziauddin Hospital, Civil Hospital, JPMC, NICVD, LNH, and Abbasi Shaheed Hospital. The research was conducted during a six-month period, from January 6, 2023, to July 5, 2023, subsequent to the endorsement of the research Participants who satisfied the inclusion criteria submitted written informed consent. An online questionnaire, self-administered via Google Forms, gathered data on knowledge regarding radiation exposure. All responses were recorded electronically for analysis. Result: The study comprised residents aged 24 to 50 years, with a median age of 29 years. Of the 119 participants, 79 (66.4%) were male, while 40 (33.6%) were female. Merely 10 residents (8.4%) exhibited sufficient understanding of radiation exposure and preventative strategies. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a minimal proportion of anaesthesia residents have sufficient information regarding radiation exposure and safety protocols.
Development of New Synthetic Pathways for Renewable Energy Storage
Authors: Ayesha Iqbal  , Waheed Abbas  , Mohsin Saleem Ghouri  , Fatima Rasheed  , Muhammad Zahid Hameed  , SThorai  , Sahrish Naheed  , Zuha Malik  , Aroosa Arif  , Obaid Muhammad Abdullah
Published: February 2025

Due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources (solar, wind), there is a need to develop efficient, scalable, and sustainable energy storage systems. Existing energy storage technologies face fundamental challenges, and this study aimed to tackle those challenges by exploring new synthetic routes for novel materials. It focused on enhancing the performance, scalability, and environmental sustainability of energy storage technologies, including lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage systems. Designing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), perovskites and polymer electrolytes via green chemistry principles to minimize the environmental impact of produced materials. The cyclic voltammetric, electrochemical impedance spectroscopic and long-term cycle stability measurements of electrochemical performance were conducted. Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations for computational modelling were used to predict material properties and optimize reaction pathways. In these results, MOF based Lithium-ion batteries achieved the best energy density (310 Wh/kg); polymer based supercapacitors exhibited high power density (2000 W/kg) and cycling stability (94% retention after 1000 cycles). Recently stability of perovskite-based hydrogen storage systems was improved to 88% of the capacity after 1000 cycles. The results confirmed that using high-performance materials from 21st century fibres with sustainable synthesis approaches solved key performance and sustainability challenges. It lays a foundation towards stackable and sustainable energy storage systems, which can be used in technological energy grids, electric vehicles, and portable devices.
Economic Empowerment of Women in Islamic Countries: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Muzammil Merzada Mohammad ,   Research Scholar, Xavier Institute of Management & Entrepreneurship, Bangalore (A recognised Research Centre of the University of Mysore), India, S Rajkumar ,   Research Guide, Xavier Institute of Management & Entrepreneurship, Bangalore (A recognised Research Centre of the University of Mysore
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to provide an overview of women’s economic empowerment, its role in Islam, and
its importance in achieving sustainable development goals in Islamic countries (esp. given gender
equality, among others). A Systematic literature review method was adopted to investigate the
challenges in Islamic countries for women’s economic empowerment. The overall research questions
were formulated based on a systematic literature review. The prime constructs identified during
SLR were the effectiveness of legal and policy frameworks, barriers to accessibility, challenges and
opportunities, cultural norms and religious beliefs, and economic well-being. These factors are
included in the research questions to address the recent challenges and economic empowerment
issues in Islamic countries. The systematic literature review identified 49 relevant research
papers that were referred through the PRISMA framework, and these research papers were
published between 2018 and 2023. This study finds various factors that hinder women’s economic
empowerment in Islamic countries, such as social and cultural norms, education disparities, legal
barriers, limited access to finance, and workforce segregation.
Tacitus, Ann. 4.27.1 und der cursus publicus auf der Adria
Authors: Eck Werner
Published: February 2025

Das System der sogenannten vehiculatio wurde bereits von Augustus geschaffen. Es diente dazu, vornehmlich die Verbindung zwischen Rom und den beherrschten Regionen auf systematische Weise entlang der Hauptstraßen in Italien und  den Provinzen zu sichern. Vielleicht wurde auch die Leitung bereits durch Augustus dem praefectus vehiculorum übertragen. Doch wurde bereits durch den ersten Princeps gesichert, dass auch auf dem Seeweg Menschen und Nachrichten regelmäßig befördert werden konnten. Das geschah offensichtlich durch Schiffe der Flotten von Ravenna und Misenum, wie sich einer Nachricht bei Tacitus in Annales 4, 27 zum Jahr 24 n.Chr. entnehmen lässt.
 
The system of the so-called vehiculatio was already created by Augustus. Its main purpose was to secure the communication between Rome and the different regions of the Imperium Romanum in a systematic way along the main roads in Italy and the provinces. Perhaps the management was already assigned by Augustus to the praefectus vehiculorum. But the first princeps created also a system that people and news could be regularly transported by sea, especially to the East and to Africa. This was obviously carried out by ships of the fleets of Ravenna and Misenum, as can be inferred from a statement of Tacitus in Annales 4, 27 in  24 AD.
Crossing the Rubicon, and Other Dramas
Authors: Wiseman T.P.
Published: February 2025

Two passages in historical texts – Suetonius Diuus Iulius 32, on Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon, and Plutarch Gaius Gracchus 14.4-16.5, on Gracchus’ departure from home on the day of his death – are best understood as prose transcriptions of scenes performed on stage.   This article defends the hypothesis of Karl Meiser in 1887, that the plots of Roman historical dramas can sometimes be detected in such texts, and that the practice illuminates Thucydides’ observation (1.21.1) of how events ‘win over into the mythical’.
Philosophie politique et antijudaïsme chez Cicéron
Authors: Bernard Jacques-Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

In the Pro Flacco, Cicero defends the former governor of Asia, accused of corruption during his public office. Flaccus had in particular confiscated the gold intended for the Temple of Jerusalem by the Jewish diaspora. The orator discredits the testimony of the Jews, whom he accuses of barbarism and superstition. These xenophobic invectives are traditional in polemic public speeches and are aimed at many foreign peoples. However, the historical context of the speech shows that these invectives cannot only boil down to judicial rhetoric. They are aimed at ethnic and religious particularism, and echo Cicero's political philosophy, which was concerned with the unity of the Empire, and therefore not very favourable to the understanding and integration of Jewish monotheism.
Some Classical Loanwords in Rabbinic Literature
Authors: Sperber Daniel
Published: February 2025

Some Classical Loanwords in Rabbinic Literature
‘Bird’s Milk in Samos’ Strabo’s Use of Geographical Proverbs and Proverbial Expressions
Authors: Dueck Daniela
Published: February 2025

Given the distinction between proverbs used as an integral part of Strabo's own style of writing and those applied as grammatically independent expressions in their role as proverbs, this article discusses the latter kind. Several previously unnoticed proverbs and proverbial expressions are included, and the phenomenon is discussed from a new point of departure. By defining these expressions as « geographical proverbs », always accompanied by explanatory stories, insights are provided into Strabo's choice of themes which results in his overall geographical narrative.
Phaedra’s Shining Roses: Reading Euripides in Sixth-Century Gaza
Authors: Ciccolella Federica
Published: February 2025

: In this contribution, I re-examine Xenophon’s negative portrayal of Critias in the Hellenica as a brutal and violent thug. The extant fragments from his once-extensive oeuvre, however, suggest that the historical Critias advocated an elite “counterculture” aimed at reintroducing the traditionally conservative virtues of moderation and good order into contemporary politics in Athens, which he viewed as corrupt and enervating thanks to the corrosive influence of the radical democracy. By attributing the bloody reign of terror of the Thirty as a whole to the desire for personal aggrandizement of its best-known member,  Xenophon effectively removes any theoretical or ideological underpinnings from its government, turning it instead into a stereotypical tyranny, thereby opening the door to oligarchic government in Athens in the future.
Social Banditry? Galilean Banditry from Herod until the Outbreak of the First Jewish Revolt
Authors: Blumell Lincoln
Published: February 2025

Influenced by the work of twentieth-century social historian Eric Hobsbawm, certain quarters of scholarship view Galilean brigandage as a classic example of “Social Banditry.”  That is, Galilean banditry essentially operated as a kind of prepolitical and nonorganized form of rural protest against injustice and foreign occupation whereby bandits primarily functioned to right the wrongs inflicted upon the peasantry by the ruling classes. While this view may be tidy, and even attractive, it belies the actual nature and situation of Galilean brigandage at the turn of the Common Era. This paper hopes to redress the question of Galilean banditry by not only critiquing this characterization but also by offering a more nuanced analysis of the phenomenon.
Core-Periphery Notions
Authors: Isaac Benjamin
Published: February 2025

This paper considers the model of ‘core and periphery,’ widely used in recent decades. It briefly describes the constituent elements of the original model as developed by Immanuel Wallerstein and the manner in which students of the Roman Empire have attempted to apply it. lt begins with a brief discussion of Greek and Roman images of the geography of the world and Roman views of the geography of their empire, to see to what extent this may have influenced modern interpretations, notably those dealing with ‘core and periphery’. My argument is that those who claim to follow Wallerstein in their discussion of ancient empires are using a model that is not suitable for their study of this subject. They therefore rather freely adapt the theory to their needs, without analysing its proper application. The model, it is argued, is mostly inappropriate for the study of ancient empires. When applied, it leads to confusion rather than deeper understanding. Next follows a brief consideration of another model, developed more recently by Peregrine Horden and Nicholas Purcell in their major work The Corrupting Sea. Some possible modifications and additional considerations are suggested. The point of this discussion is to show that there are many instances where Roman administrative arrangements may give a sense of ancient geographical perspective that runs counter to that obtained by looking at modern maps. We are faced with some of the numerous instances of anachronism encountered in modern research.
Confer prophetias, nam liber librum aperit: an unidentified Latin text by Isaac Newton on Daniel and Revelation (National Library of Israel, Yah.Ms.Var. 1 / Newton 19, ff. 162-165)
Authors: Toribio Pablo
Published: February 2025

This article provides the first edition, with introduction, English translation and notes, of Isaac Newton's Latin drafts on scriptural hermeneutics found in Jerusalem, National Library of Israel, Yah. Ms. Var. 1 / Newton 19, fols 162-165.
Critias in Xenophon’s Hellenica
Authors: Pownall Frances
Published: February 2025

In this contribution, I re-examine Xenophon’s negative portrayal of Critias in the Hellenica as a brutal and violent thug. The extant fragments from his once-extensive oeuvre, however, suggest that the historical Critias advocated an elite “counterculture” aimed at reintroducing the traditionally conservative virtues of moderation and good order into contemporary politics in Athens, which he viewed as corrupt and enervating thanks to the corrosive influence of the radical democracy. By attributing the bloody reign of terror of the Thirty as a whole to the desire for personal aggrandizement of its best-known member,  Xenophon effectively removes any theoretical or ideological underpinnings from its government, turning it instead into a stereotypical tyranny, thereby opening the door to oligarchic government in Athens in the future.
E.R. Dodds and the Irrational: “Agamemnon’s Apology” Revisited
Authors: Finkelberg Margalit
Published: February 2025

It is often overlooked that The Greeks and the Irrational follow the conventional “from-muthos-to-logos” pattern, which was largely taken for granted at the time of the book’s appearance. Dodds starts with the description of the “pre-classical” mind as attested in early sources, proceeds to the “triumph of reason” as assumed for the Classical Age, and concludes with what used to be seen as the regression of rationalism in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. At the same time, The Greeks and the Irrationalis subtly subversive of the pattern from which it ostensibly proceeds, deviating from it in two significant respects. First, Dodds does not accept the dichotomy between the rational “Apollonian” and the irrational“Dionysian” principles as introduced by Nietzsche and taken further by Rohde and others, but offers a much more nuanced picture allowing for the presence of the “rational” even in the presumably “irrational” epochs, and for undercurrents of the “irrational” even in the so-called Greek Enlightenment. Second, and no less important, he empathizes with the irrational both on a scholarly and a personal level, thus avoiding the widespread equation between the irrational and the primitive. ‘Agamemnon’s Apology’, the book’s opening chapter, is emblematic of Dodds’ approach.
Epicharmus’ Comedy and Early Sicilian Scholarship
Authors: Novokhatko Anna
Published: February 2025

Some fragments of Epicharmus are examined in the context of contemporary scholarly discourse, especially with regard to textual and literary criticism, grammar and stylistics as they developed in the Sicily of his time. The interaction of the comedy of Epicharmus with scholarship is complex and involves a reflection and revision of contemporary ideas, but also a process of literary differentiation. This new genre was created through a critical interaction with other genres as part of a process of reinterpretation and literary exegesis. Furthermore, the fragments discussed offer the possibility to speculate on the handling of linguistic norms and also literary standards in pre- and early classical Sicily. They illustrate the interaction between different genres and the way they were integrated into text, metatext and performance to create tension and comic effects.
Truth Alone Will Suffice: Traces of Spoken Language in Plato’s Apology of Socrates
Authors: Verano Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

With the help of a theoretical framework proceeding from the study of the distinction between oral and written discourse in modern languages, this paper approaches some linguistic phenomena present in the Apology of Socrates — anacolutha, discourse markers, repetitions, enumerations, etc. — as traces of spoken language, consciously placed by Plato in his literary recreation of his master’s oration. Thus, the claim made by Socrates at the beginning of the speech, that he has not prepared beforehand his defence, finds support in those stylistic marks, which contribute to enhancing the sense of spontaneity of his words.
Hellenistic Poets as Historians
Authors: Hornblower Simon
Published: February 2025

This article explores the ways in which Hellenistic poets handled lived events of the human past, and it argues that they functioned as in some sense what we would recognize as historians. They used four main devices to do so, which are examined in turn: Hellenistic historical epics (a genre whose very existence has been challenged); tragic messenger speeches (‘Ezekiel’; Lykophron’s Alexandra); aitia (Kallimachos); prophecy i.e. pseudo-prophecy or prophecy after the event (Ezekiel again; the Third Sibylline Oracle; Lykophron again. Apollonios usually refuses to make use of prophecy in this way). It is argued that Lykophron, who is here dated to the 190s BCE, shows awareness of the then recent trauma of the Hannibalic War. Finally, the poets are tested against ancient and modern definitions of ‘history’ and ‘historian’.
Adjektiv φριξός und die Nikander-Überlieferung Theriaka 777-9
Authors: Höfler Stefan
Published: February 2025

The topic of this paper is a novel analysis of the adjective φριξός along with a discussion of the textual transmission of Nicander's Theriaca, lines 777-779. I will argue on philological and linguistic grounds that a varia lectio φρῖκος, attested in three manuscripts, deserves to be acknowledged as the lectio difficilior vis-à-vis the commonly preferred φρῖκας, and that it represents a neuter s-stem with a meaning ‘stinger’. This noun can be interpreted as the continuant of Proto-Indo-European *bhriHk-os ‘pointed thing’ which is probably also attested in Welsh brig ‘summit, tree-tops’. This s-stem served as the derivational base of the adjective *bhriHk-s-ó- ‘making onself pointed’ preserved in Greek φριξός ‘standing on end, bristling’, which thus reflects an archaic Proto-Indo-European word-formation type.
Time Travelling Emperor: Hadrian’s Mobility as Mirrored in Ancient and Medieval Historiography
Authors: Destephen Sylvain
Published: February 2025

The paper aims to study Hadrian’s reputation as a ruler on the move in Latin, Greek, Syriac, and Byzantine histories and chronicles from the third to the twelfth century. The paper also assesses how early Roman, late antique and medieval historians’ opinions on mobile and sedentary modes of governing influenced Hadrian’s portrait. In addition, it will study how his attitudes towards Jews and Christians were depicted in conjunction with his journeys.
Stamp with Latin inscription from Sobata/Shivta in the Negev
Authors: Eck Werner , Tepper Yotam
Published: February 2025

A stamp with two lines of a Latin inscription was found in Shivta (Sobata) in the Negev. The text mentions the owner Clemens and a Comicus, his born slave, who was as manager responsible for the product which was marked with the stamp. The stamp belongs to the second/third century.
Greece and Rome in Israeli Schools
Authors: Baratz Amit
Published: February 2025

This article surveys the ancient Greek and Roman sources that are taught in Israel from middle school (ages 12–15) to high school (ages 15–18). The mandatory subjects in which these texts are studied are literature and history, to which I add one optional course in philosophy. 2022 was a year of reform in high school humanities. The article presents the classical material studied in Israeli schools both before and after the reform.
When Teleology Fails: Aristotle on Bile as a Useless Residue in Parts of Animals
Authors: Ezrohi Dmitry
Published: February 2025

Aristotle provides no clear justification for his unique position on the status of bile (χολή). He argues against established tradition and his usual teleological framework that this substance has no function but is a useless residue of the liver. Moreover, the basis for Aristotle’s critique of two competing views about bile, that of Plato’s Timaeus and the followers of Anaxagoras, has not been fully elucidated. In this paper, I argue that Aristotle’s arguments against his predecessors and his non-teleological account of bile are firmly based on anatomical data, specifically from non-human animals. I show that the structure of the exposition of anatomical details and the role comparative anatomy plays in his argument reveal Aristotle’s concerns both with the content of his predecessors’ physiological explanations and also with their anthropocentric and non- comparative methodology.
‘Strabo on The Herodian Dynasty’: An Unpublished Paper by Ronald Syme, Transcribed, Annotated, and Reviewed
Authors: Kokkinos Nikos
Published: February 2025

An unpublished paper entitled ‘Strabo on the Herodian Dynasty’ from Sir Ronald Syme’s archive, now in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, is here for the time transcribed (being handwritten), annotated (lacking notes), and reviewed. It belongs to Syme’s incomplete Anatolica project of some 600 pages, written during his years at Istanbul in the mid-1940s, and edited posthumously into a book of twenty-eight chapters by Anthony Birley. While Syme frequently judges that Strabo’s view of Judaea, the Hasmonaeans, and the Herods, was the result of negligence, error, and confusion— whereas compression with nuances of abstract thought would be more appropriate—he is admirably perceptive in recognising important points. Syme adopts the mandatory emendation of Adamantios Korais, restoring the name of Hyrcanus II (in place of a ‘Herod’) as the high priest appointed by Pompeius. He senses that in connection to the impossible priesthood for Herod, Strabo may have unconsciously contaminated different views about Herod’s ancestry. He concedes that Josephus’ silence is not decisive when Strabo is testifying on the precarious positions of the two tetrarchs (Antipas and Philip), in 6 CE. With caution, Syme calls this ‘a new historical fact’. His brilliant mind shines throughout. There is nothing that Syme could have written during his lifetime, which would not still be of interest.
The So-called “Decree of Delos”, Again (Jos. AJ 14. 231–32)
Authors: Eilers Claude
Published: February 2025

This note supplements my article in this journal (2005), where argued that the “Decree of Delos” of 49 BCE quoted by Josephus at AJ 14.231–32 is not a decree and cannot be from Delos. Here I point out that the document must be from Ephesus given that its eponym was ‘Boiotos’ and the eponym at Ephesus for this same year can be shown to be ‘Boiotios’.
The Potential, Challenges, and Pathways of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Empowering the Professional Development of International Chinese Language Teachers
Authors: Gou Dan
Published: February 2025

Against the backdrop of a sustained surge in global demand for learning Chinese, international Chinese language teachers face severe challenges across multiple dimensions, including cross-cultural teaching, instructional innovation, and resource development. The advent of Generative Artificial Intelligence (generative AI) offers new approaches to address these challenges; however, its value and potential risks in promoting the professional development of international Chinese language teachers have yet to be systematically explored. Drawing upon the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, this paper investigates the empowering potential of generative AI for international Chinese language teachers on multiple levels. It also identifies key challenges in practical implementation, such as technological barriers, ethical and cultural sensitivities, and the integration of new technologies into teaching. Through a comprehensive analysis of these issues, the paper proposes a system-level pathway involving technological optimization, teacher capacity building, and pedagogical integration. The aim is to provide an actionable framework and strategies for the wider adoption and deeper integration of generative AI in international Chinese language education. The findings show that only when technology optimization, policy support, and teacher training work in tandem can generative AI effectively drive the professional growth of international Chinese language teachers and foster teaching innovation, thus ultimately contributing to higher-quality and more culturally inclusive sustainable development of Chinese language education worldwide.
Simulation distribuée du trafic de Bamako
Authors:   Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Mali, Togo Hamidou , Maïga Oumar ,   Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Mali, Koné Youssouf ,   Institut Universitaire de Formation Professionnelle (IUFP), Université de Ségou, Mali
Published: February 2025

There are distributed implementations of DEVS simulation in the literature, but they redefine the architecture and especially the initial simulation algorithms. Consequently, they are obtained at the cost of a reengineering as expensive, or even much more expensive, than the engineering of the initial sequential solution.
In this article, we propose an engineering approach consisting in parallelizing existing DEVS simulators, without having to modify the algorithms of the initial implementation, but by injecting additional components adapted to the current inter-component communication protocol. We call Manteaux these new components, for which we first define the simulation algorithms.
As a large-scale application, we built and performed parallel and distributed simulation experiments on an urban traffic model of the Bamako district.
Our modeling approach consisted in first modeling the application domain and thus proposing a meta-model for urban traffic. The dynamic elements are then identified in this meta-model and specified generically in the form of DEVS models (atomic and coupled). From this meta-model, concrete models are then built, including that of the city of Bamako, but especially that of Commune 5 of this city, which we use in this work as an experimental bench.

Keywords: Modeling, Distributed simulation, urban traffic.
Beyond the Data Flow Paradigm
Authors: Ducuing Charlotte
Published: February 2025

The paper aims to contribute to the discussion on how to regulate and govern data as an economic asset. It critically discusses the ‘data flow paradigm’, defined here as the regulatory focus on data (transactions) with the purpose to enhance data exchange by establishing data markets. Based on the examples of the electricity and the automotive sectors with respect to data governance, the paper finds that the data flow paradigm alone is too narrow. This paradigm seems to bear the idea that there should be well-operating data markets, possibly by the operation of the law, and that such markets alone would deliver the grand policy expectations, such as ‘AI’ or ‘data-driven innovations’. Yet, fostering data exchange is not an end in itself and should be regarded with respect to the sectoral objectives and constraints. As the study of the examples shows, the quest for appropriate mechanisms to govern data often leads to rediscovering old concepts, such as (data) commons or (data) platform. Finally, the paper discusses future possible regulatory intervention.
Critical Data Governance
Authors: Raghunath Preeti
Published: February 2025

Much of the conversations and practices of data governance emanate from technocratic and/or managerial lenses. This suggests a double bias towards (a) a linear teleological model of progress, (b) propelled by claims of objectivity and pristine scientific rationality inherent to Data. This paper seeks to move away from such approaches, to draw on the offerings of Critical Theory, to develop Critical Data Governance (CDG) as an approach that eschews objectivist, instrumentalist, and universalising tendencies. This, it does, by bringing to conversation the bodies of work on Critical Policy Studies and Critical Data Studies, in order to bring to the fore a multiplicity of policy actors, norms and values, interests and interactions, venues and deliberative sites, to the study of data governance and policymaking. Towards this, the paper showcases some examples from the South(s), and then moves on to present a provocation for CDG as a Southern Standpoint for Data, overcoming the inadequacies of Critical Theory and catering to anti-/de-colonial and anti-caste aspirations of peoples.
Health data between improving health(care) and fuelling the data economy
Authors: Petrocnik Tjasa
Published: February 2025

Earlier this year, the European Commission presented its highly anticipated proposal for the European Health Data Space, with a view to harness “the power of health data for people, patients and innovation”. Considering this objective, the present special issue addresses the governance of health data for research uses by discussing the balancing approach among the diverse aspirations of this ambitious proposal and ways to ultimately preserve trust in such endeavours.
Comparative Analysis of Balochistan Conflict in the Pakistani Press: Peace or War Journalism
Authors: Agha Sidra
Published: February 2025

The Balochistan conflict has been a critical issue for Pakistan's national security since the inception of the country, as conflicts between Baloch leaders and the Pakistani government have persisted. To raise public awareness of the ongoing disputes, negotiations, and peace talks, the Pakistani media has played a leading role in covering such national security concerns. This study aims to examine the role of the Pakistani press in reporting on the Balochistan conflict by analysing two leading national newspapers—one published in English and the other in Urdu. The study compares the coverage of these dailies, highlighting differences in language and perspective. Through content analysis of news reports published by both newspapers, the study found that the English-language daily provided more extensive coverage of the conflict than the Urdu-language daily. Moreover, war-oriented reporting received slightly more attention than peace-oriented reporting.
Exploring the Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance at University Level
Authors: Mobeena Kosar  , Mahreen Riaz  , Zunaira Arshad
Published: February 2025

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of transformational leadership on organizational performance within the context of higher education institutions. This descriptive study targeted faculty members from The Islamia University of Bahawalpur and Bahaulddin Zakaria University, Multan. A convenience sample of 250 teachers, comprising both genders, was selected for the study. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire divided into three sections. The questionnaire underwent expert validation to ensure clarity and relevance, with improvements incorporated based on feedback. Data collection was conducted through surveys, and the responses were formatted, coded, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-27.0). The analysis employed techniques such as frequency distribution, percentages, mean scores, standard deviations, and regression analysis. The results revealed that transformational leadership had a significant and positive impact on organizational performance among university faculty. Leadership behaviors were found to foster an environment conducive to enhanced employee performance and organizational effectiveness. Additionally, employee competency was identified as a crucial determinant of university performance, exerting a direct positive influence on organizational outcomes. Regression analysis confirmed that employee competency partially mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational performance. The study recommends implementing transformational leadership training and fostering a culture of competency development to enhance organizational effectiveness. Further research should explore additional mediating variables and expand to other educational institutions for broader applicability.
The Impact of Shortened Words Usage on Communication Effectiveness among Pakistan’s University Students
Authors: Tanzila Abbas  , Abdul Rasheed Soomro  , Ishfaque Ahmed Abbasi
Published: February 2025

The main purpose of the present research study entitled “The Impact of Shortened Words Usage on Communication Effectiveness among Pakistan’s University Students” was to explore the impact of shortened word usage on communication effectiveness among university students. This study utilized a content analysis approach, and the research population was the final examination papers of the MPhil English linguistics students at a private university in Lahore city. The sample size was contained on twenty-eight examination papers of twenty-eight students from both male and female genders. The researchers gathered data from these examination papers and the congregated was analyzed through the content analysis method and presented in the tables. The study found that these university students frequently used shortened words in their final examination papers as the results revealed that these students used thirty-seven shortened words in their examination papers. In the end based on these results, the researchers presented some recommendations for future scholars and researchers.
The Effect of ChatGPT on the Writing Abilities of Undergraduate English Students
Authors: Misbah Sultan  , Aleena Taj  , Fatima Sabir  , Sajid Ali  , Muhammad Obaid Kaleem Qureshi
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of ChatGPT on the writing abilities of undergraduate English students, focusing on its effects on grammar, vocabulary, coherence, and structural organization. This research investigates how ChatGPT affects educational writing among students as well as their tool opinions and usage difficulties within Pakistani educational contexts. Undergraduate English students who total 371 in number participated in the research by completing this study's structured questionnaire through purposive sampling. A study using SPSS produced descriptive results which included frequency data distributions combined with percentages alongside mean scores. The research instrument solicited students' knowledge regarding ChatGPT together with its effects on writing abilities and their confidence in its accuracy and potential difficulties. The data shows that students benefit substantially from ChatGPT in their writing tasks by developing stronger skills for grammar usage as well as vocabulary control and improved essay organization. Most students who used ChatGPT noticed its positive effects on their writing capabilities while noticing a decrease in their errors in assignments. Students expressed worries regarding their heavy use of the tool and authenticity issues and imperfect suggestions it sometimes provided. Students recognized how ChatGPT provided efficient assistance by saving their time while generating suitable ideas for their academic assignments. The research puts restrictions on its results because of studying English undergraduate students in Pakistan yet this limit external application of findings. The use of self-reported data in the research might produce flawed results because of possible respondent bias. Future researchers should study the long-term consequences of ChatGPT for writing skills together with ethics and the precision of academic content generation. The research indicates ChatGPT delivers a beneficial writing skills improvement system that functions alongside standard educational approaches. Academic institutions must create regulations which help teachers exploit AI resources properly while keeping intellectual authenticity intact in student artworks. Institutional leaders should welcome ChatGPT into educational programs through curriculum integration accompanied by discussion of its restrictions. The results of this study enhance current academic research about the implementation of AI in education by documenting how ChatGPT influences undergraduate composition abilities. This paper examines the benefits alongside difficulties of AI-driven tools in academic environments while presenting guidelines for educational institutions and the government. More investigation is required to evaluate both the moral implications and extended outcomes that emerge when students employ AI for educational assistance.
Narratives of Covid-19 in Pakistani English Newspapers: An Ecolinguistic Appraisal
Authors: Sajida Hanif  , Muhammad Farooq Alam  , Sadiq Khan
Published: February 2025

This research aims to explore the role of print media in spreading information about pandemics and environmental changes during pandemics of Covid-19. As environmental issues, climate change and such pandemics are common problems of the planet and connected to the health of ecosystem. Therefore, media, especially print media, is central in disseminating information regarding such disasters. Therefore, this research seeks to explore the strategies utilized in the development of four narratives: erasure, salience, conviction, and evaluation, as presented in articles from English newspapers. It emphasizes the role of various linguistic features in rendering the text both natural and persuasive. The researcher has selected thirty articles from three English newspapers, namely Dawn, The Express Tribune, and The News. Authors frequently utilize these techniques to eliminate or highlight significant elements. Stibbe (2015) serves as the theoretical framework for examining the strategies involved in the creation of erasure, salience, evaluation, and conviction in articles related to Covid-19 in newspapers. The findings of the research suggest that a range of strategies is employed in the development of these four narratives within environmental discourses. These strategies encompass appraisal patterns, modality, facticity patterns, euphemism, foregrounding, activation, personification, metaphors, co-hyponymy, passive constructions, nominalization, abstraction, and hyponymy, among others. Additionally, the study concludes that emphasis has been placed on the enhanced environment during the pandemic, yet selfish humans are held responsible for generating the conditions for COVID-19 through environmental destruction. By examining these narratives, the researcher explores the link between the environment and covid-19. The research highlights the need to promote positive narratives and counteract negative ones by raising public awareness about the detrimental effects of harmful stories.
Occupational Hazards and Environmental Consequences of Sandstone Mining: A Case Study from Soorsagar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan
Authors: Saha Bikas
Published: February 2025

Mining plays a crucial role in the economic growth and supports national development. However, it also raises significant concerns due to its environmental impact and health risks, particularly in the nearby areas. In India’s sandstone mines, both mechanical and manual methods are employed. Mining operations rely heavily on equipment such as trucks, dumpers, compressors, drills for blasting, and cranes for lifting heavy blocks. These activities generate large amounts of dust containing high levels of silica, which poses severe health risks. Prolonged inhalation of silica dust can lead to silicosis, a preventable but serious disease characterized by dyspnoea (shortness of breath) and persistent cough, and is sometimes associated with lung cancer and tuberculosis. Silicosis is one of the most common occupational diseases globally and has a significant impact on workers' health in developing countries like India. The use of heavy machinery and vehicles also creates high levels of noise and vibration in the surrounding. Prolonged exposure to noise can result in occupational hearing loss due to neurosensory deafness. Additionally, continuous exposure to whole-body vibrations leads to degenerative spinal conditions, including chronic back pain. Although stone quarrying near Soorsagar, Jodhpur, contributes to both the rural and national economies, its environmental consequences are considerable. Unplanned and haphazard quarrying has resulted in environmental degradation, and unauthorized mining activities have further worsened the local ecological balance.
 
Even though stone quarrying near Soorsagar, Jodhpur benefits both the rural and national economies, its detrimental effects on the local ecology cannot be disregarded. Due to unplanned and haphazard quarrying in Soorsagar area of Jodhpur, the environment of the area is degrading. Moreover, due to the unverifiable mining, the local environment is badly affected.
 
Keywords: Sandstone quarrying, Environmental Pollution, Occupational Health Hazard, Silicosis, Dust pollution, Noise pollution.
Socio-legal perspectives on consensus building in Finnish large carnivore policies
Authors: Ratamäki Outi , Peltola Taru
Published: February 2025

Recently, civil society organisations’ litigation has seemed to put a stop to the hunting of large carnivores in Finland, which has been a regular practice. In light of an updated interpretation of the European Union Habitats Directive provided by the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Finnish Supreme Administrative Court, the Finnish Wildlife Agency, which issues the permits for large carnivore hunting, has had to re-evaluate its reasoning for permitting large carnivore hunting. At the same time, critical voices opposing large carnivore hunting have increased both in academia and the general public. While conservationist arguments received support from the courts, the balance of power between stakeholders is shifting, potentially resulting in more inclusive policy making. However, consensus building has become even more difficult since the group of powerful stakeholders involved is widening. In this article we look at conflict management efforts regarding wolf policies, one of the most intensive and persistent environmental conflicts in Finland, in light of consensus building theories. The article is based on observations regarding the processes of management planning, stakeholder relations and media discussions, analysed through hermeneutic interpretation. We ask what changes large carnivore management has recently undergone, what repercussions such changes have, and what future challenges are emerging for conflict management. In addition to the formal wolf management planning, we focus on what is happening on the outskirts of the state-led stakeholder processes to reveal the criticism large carnivore policies are generating.
Forskellige logikker og forhandlingsrum
Authors: Duch Henriette Skjærbæk , Nielsen Birgitte Lund
Published: February 2025

Temaet for artiklen er den første tid som underviser på en videregående uddannelse, hvor underviserne, eller som vi kalder dem ”uddannerne”, kan indgå i forskellige former for onboarding, herunder pædagogikum (lektorkvalificering). Artiklen fokuserer på adjunkters forståelse af deres rolle som uddanner, samt hvilke mulighedsrum for læring pædagogikum giver.
Det empiriske materiale er fra en større professionshøjskole. På baggrund af kvalitative interviews med 11 adjunkter undersøges, hvorledes de ser forskellige logikker og forhandlingsrum i lyset af deres egen uddannelsesbaggrund og erhvervserfaring. Teoretisk anvendes Wenger-Trayner & Wenger-Trayners (2015) sociokulturelle læringsteori, herunder særligt begreber knyttet til såkaldte læringslandskaber. Resultater anvendes i en diskussion af adjunkternes socialisering og læring.
Det konkluderes, at der er en variation i adjunkters erfaringer og baggrunde, som kan udfordre i et fælles kvalificeringsforløb, men også kan rumme potentialer for læring. Potentialer, der kan arbejdes med uddannelsesspecifikt inden for de eksisterende regimer og på tværs i forskellige former for samarbejde.