bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new species of the genus Austroniscus Vanhoeffen, 1914 (Isopoda: Asellota: Nannoniscidae) from the Antarctic shelf
Authors: KAISER STEFANIE , BRANDT ANGELIKA
Published: January 2017

During the BENDEX expedition (BENthic Disturbance-EXperiment) with RV Polarstern in Antarctic summer 2003/04, species of the genus Austroniscus Vanhoeffen, 1914 were sampled from the continental shelf of the eastern Weddell Sea. Besides Austroniscus ovalis Vanhoeffen, 1914, which is the first record of this species from western Antarctica, two other species were found, i.e. Austroniscus chelus sp. nov. and Austroniscus obscurus sp. nov. They both bear many resemblances to Austroniscus ovalis, but can be easily distinguished from A. ovalis by the shape of the rostral crest and the first pereonite. The two new species are very similar to each other but differ in the number of articles of the antennula and the shape of pleopods 3 to 5.
Checklist of digenean parasites of birds from Argentina
Authors: LUNASCHI LíA I. , CREMONTE FLORENCIA , DRAGO FABIANA B.
Published: January 2017

Helminth parasites of birds have been studied in Argentina for almost one century. Survey work on this group of parasites is far from complete. Here we present a checklist that summarizes the diversity of digeneans of birds from Argentina, each account is based on a literature search and gives, for each digenean species, their hosts, site of infection, localities, life cycle if known, and collection number of types where they are housed. Moreover, it presents a list of bird hosts with their digenean parasites and a list of intermediate hosts. To date, 95 digenean species have been reported; of which 27 species (29%) were new to science. These reports include 2 species of Brachylaimoidea, 2 Clinostomoidea, 5 Cyclocoeloidea, 3 Dicrocoelioidea, 21 Diplostomoidea, 26 Echinostomatoidea, 1 Gymnophalloidea, 10 Microphalloidea, 12 Opisthorchioidea, 1 Paramphistomoidea, 8 Pronocephaloidea, 2 Schistosomatoidea and 1 Troglotrematoidea. A total of 60 wild and domestic species of birds have been reported as natural hosts of digeneans in Argentina and 5 species as experimental hosts.
Tropical Convective Transition Statistics and Causality in the Water Vapor–Precipitation Relation
Authors: Kuo Yi-Hung , Neelin J. David , Mechoso C. Roberto
Published: January 2017

Previous work by various authors has pointed to the role of lower-free-tropospheric humidity in affecting the onset of deep convection in the tropics. Empirical relationships between column water vapor (CWV) and precipitation have been inferred to result from these effects. Evidence from previous work has included deep convective conditional instability calculations for entraining plumes, in which the lower-free-tropospheric environment affects the onset of deep convection due to the differential impact on buoyancy of turbulent entrainment of dry versus moist air. The relationship between deep convection and water vapor is, however, a two-way interaction because convection also moistens the free troposphere. The present study adds an additional line of evidence toward fully establishing the causality of the precipitation–water vapor relationship. Parameter perturbation experiments using the coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) with high-time-resolution output are analyzed for a set of statistics for the transition to deep convection, coordinated with observational diagnostics for the Green Ocean Amazon (GOAmazon) campaign and tropical western Pacific Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites. For low values of entrainment in the deep convective scheme, these statistics are radically altered and the observed pickup of precipitation with CWV is no longer seen. In addition to helping cement the dominant direction of causality in the fast-time-scale precipitation–CWV relationship, the results point to impacts of entrainment on the climatology. Because at low entrainment convection can fire before tropospheric moistening, the climatological values of relative humidity are lower than observed. These findings can be consequential to biases in simulated climate and to projections of climate change.
Transient Response of the Southern Ocean to Changing Ozone: Regional Responses and Physical Mechanisms
Authors: Seviour William J. M. , Gnanadesikan Anand , Waugh Darryn , Pradal Marie-Aude
Published: January 2017

The impact of changing ozone on the climate of the Southern Ocean is evaluated using an ensemble of coupled climate model simulations. By imposing a step change from 1860 to 2000 conditions, response functions associated with this change are estimated. The physical processes that drive this response are different across time periods and locations, as is the sign of the response itself. Initial cooling in the Pacific sector is driven not only by the increased winds pushing cold water northward, but also by the southward shift of storms associated with the jet stream. This shift drives both an increase in cloudiness (resulting in less absorption of solar radiation) and an increase in net freshwater flux to the ocean (resulting in a decrease in surface salinity that cuts off mixing of warm water from below). A subsurface increase in temperature associated with this reduction in mixing then upwells along the Antarctic coast, producing a subsequent warming. Similar changes in convective activity occur in the Weddell Sea but are offset in time. Changes in sea ice concentration also play a role in modulating solar heating of the ocean near the continent. The time scale for the initial cooling is much longer than that seen in NCAR CCSM3.5, possibly reflecting differences in natural convective variability between that model (which has essentially no Southern Ocean deep convection) and the one used here (which has a large and possibly unrealistically regular mode of convection) or to differences in cloud feedbacks or in the location of the anomalous winds.
Effect of Enhanced Satellite-Derived Atmospheric Motion Vectors on Numerical Weather Prediction in East Asia Using an Adjoint-Based Observation Impact Method
Authors: Kim Myunghwan , Kim Hyun Mee , Kim JinWoong , Kim Sung-Min , Velden Christopher , Hoover Brett
Published: January 2017

When producing forecasts by integrating a numerical weather prediction model from an analysis, not all observations assimilated into the analysis improve the forecast. Therefore, the impact of particular observations on the forecast needs to be evaluated quantitatively to provide relevant information about the impact of the observing system. One way to assess the observation impact is to use an adjoint-based method that estimates the impact of each assimilated observation on reducing the error of the forecast. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model and its adjoint are used to evaluate the impact of several types of observations, including enhanced satellite-derived atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) that were made available during observation campaigns for two typhoons: Sinlaku and Jangmi, which both formed in the western North Pacific during September 2008. Without the assimilation of enhanced AMV data, radiosonde observations and satellite radiances show the highest total observation impact on forecasts. When enhanced AMVs are included in the assimilation, the observation impact of AMVs is increased and the impact of radiances is decreased. The highest ratio of beneficial observations comes from GPS Precipitable Water (GPSPW) without the assimilation of enhanced AMVs. Most observations express a ratio of approximately 60%. Enhanced AMVs improve forecast fields when tracking the typhoon centers of Sinlaku and Jangmi. Both the model background and the analysis are improved by the continuous cycling of enhanced AMVs, with a greater reduction in forecast error along the background trajectory than the analysis trajectory. Thus, while the analysis–forecast system is improved by assimilating these observations, the total observation impact is smaller as a result of the improvement.
Correlates of Contraceptive Use and Health Facility Choice among Young Women in Malawi
Authors: Digitale Jean , Psaki Stephanie , Soler-Hampejsek Erica , Mensch Barbara S.
Published: January 2017

We explore whether differential access to family-planning services and the quality of those services explain variability in uptake of contraception among young women in Malawi. We accomplish this by linking the Malawi Schooling and Adolescent Study, a longitudinal survey of young people, with the Malawi Service Provision Assessment collected in 2013–14. We also identify factors that determine choice of facility among those who use contraception. We find that the presence and characteristics of nearby facilities with contraception available did not appear to affect use. Rather, characteristics such as facility type and whether contraception was provided free of charge determined where women deciding to use contraception obtained their contraception. We argue that in a context where almost all respondents resided within 10 kilometers of a health facility, improving access to and quality of family-planning services may not markedly increase contraceptive use among young women without broader shifts in norms regarding childbearing in the early years of marriage.
Introduction
Authors: Hofferth Sandra L. , Moran Emilio F. , Entwisle Barbara , Aber J. Lawrence , Brady Henry E. , Conley Dalton , Cutter Susan L. , Eckel Catherine C. , Hamilton Darrick , Hubacek Klaus
Published: January 2017

Big data, that is, data that are byproducts of our lives rather than designed for research purposes, are the newest of the information highway innovations. One of the important challenges to social and behavioral science data collection, curation, and dissemination for the foreseeable future is to link diverse forms of data in a way that is cumulative, representative, meaningful, and accessible to a broad range of researchers. It is critical to explore the new questions these data can address and to develop new methods to address them, including linking persons and information about them and their environments across different data platforms while maintaining confidentiality and privacy. Linking a broad array of information—from administrative data (local and state and regional), to social media (Twitter, Facebook), to census and other surveys, to ethnographic data, and data from experiments such as randomized controlled trials—to address how humans and their communities make decisions is challenging. This issue was addressed by papers presented at a conference on New Data Linkages convened by the Social Observatories Coordinating Network in 2016; those articles are brought together in this volume.
Group Empathy in Response to Nonverbal Racial/Ethnic Cues
Authors: Sirin Cigdem V. , Valentino Nicholas A. , Villalobos José D.
Published: January 2017

In this study, we argue that nonverbal racial/ethnic cues can activate one’s empathy toward disadvantaged out-groups, particularly when such cues resonate with one’s own in-group cultural experiences with discrimination. To explain this phenomenon, we propose Group Empathy Theory and test our expectations via a national survey experiment on undocumented immigration. We find trait-level group empathy is strongly linked with empathic reactions to vignettes depicting immigrant detainees in distress, which in turn affect immigration policy attitudes. We also find African Americans and Latinos are considerably more likely than Anglos to exhibit empathy for disadvantaged groups other than their own and oppose deportation policies aimed at undocumented immigrants.
Nonverbal Influence During Televised Debates
Authors: Maurer Marcus
Published: January 2017

Experimental studies find a strong influence of nonverbal signals on the evaluation of political candidates when raters are asked to judge unknown candidates from short-duration exposures. Yet when viewers are exposed to candidates’ verbal and nonverbal communication in a more naturally occurring context, the presence of verbal communication can make the influence of nonverbal communication seem attenuated. To link these findings, the present study uses continuous response measurement to uncover the relative influence of verbal and nonverbal communication on political opinion formation during a debate clip lasting about 9 minutes. The analysis suggests that nonverbal communication influences candidate evaluations especially during the beginning of the presentation. Verbal communication seems influential for the remaining time. Consistent with this trend, study participants’ post-exposure opinions were influenced by both verbal and nonverbal communication.
Nonverbal Influence and the Expanding Boundaries of Political Communication Research
Authors: Bucy Erik P. , Dumitrescu Delia
Published: January 2017

Research on the visual and nonverbal aspects of political communication is experiencing a renaissance of sorts, expanding the boundaries of an already innovative and dynamic branch of cross-disciplinary scholarship. The articles assembled in this special issue represent the breadth of work now occurring at this vibrant crossroads of scholarly inquiry. This introduction discusses each contribution while providing an overview of the entire issue.
Pop Quiz: How Do I Get a Teaching Job?
Authors: Clement Mary C.
Published: January 2017

Take this quiz to see how much you already know about finding a job, and then read “From Résumé to Teaching Job: What You Need To Know” to learn more about landing your first job in the classroom.
From Résumé to Teaching Job
Authors: Clement Mary C.
Published: January 2017

How can you stand out among everyone else who is looking for teaching jobs? Learn the dos and don'ts of the job search — including when to start looking — and the secrets to writing résumés and cover letters, filling out applications, creating your portfolio, and preparing for interviews.
Creating a Generation of Solutionaries
Authors: Weil Zoe
Published: January 2017

Do you want to change the world? Take the first step by learning about humane education and how it could transform education.
China and the World Trade Organization
Authors: Pandit Priyanka
Published: January 2017

China’s rising economic clout in both regional and international economic institutions has caused considerable unease about whether Beijing might push for major reforms and restructuring within the World Trade Organization to serve its core economic interests. A growing strand of literature on ‘Rising China’ portrays Beijing as a potential challenge to the existing global economic order. Notwithstanding such predictions, compounded by relocation of powers in the global economic system in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, China appears unable to position itself as a challenger to the multilateral trading system and by extension to the extant economic order owing to a set of domestic constraints. This article attempts to critically examine the assertions of revisionist China in the WTO and its implications for the global economic order. The article seeks to develop two important explanatory models using domestic–political and ideational factors alongside the traditional focus on structural factors. These models would offer a nuanced understanding of how Chinese domestic politics and institutional ideologies play out in the domain of international institutional engagement.
Modeling Harmony: Music, Theology, and Peace-Building
Authors: Begbie Jeremy S.
Published: January 2017

This article explores the ways music might serve as both a vehicle and a model of God’s peacemaking, the peace God intends and has made possible between groups in conflict. Attention to various senses and types of musical harmony can do much to illuminate and clarify different conceptions of peace and peace-building already in use, as well as generate fresh and perhaps neglected ways of conceiving them and practicing peacemaking in the future.
Religious Encounters: Empowerment through Tamil Outcaste Folk Drumming
Authors: Sherinian Zoe
Published: January 2017

The performance of the folk paṟai frame drum of South India is a site of religious encounter that syncretizes symbols and practices from Hinduism, Christianity, Tamil agricultural life, and Dalit liberation movements. This essay analyzes three cases of religious syncretism and indigenization of Christianity to Tamil village culture that transform the meaning of this drum from polluted to a sonic tool of liberation against caste oppression.
Symphonizing the Psalms: Igor Stravinsky’s Musical Exegesis
Authors: LeMon Joel M.
Published: January 2017

The twentieth-century composer Igor Stravinsky’s setting of the psalms can resonate with faithful communities today that find themselves in complex and often confusing relationships with God. In the Symphony of Psalms, Stravinsky’s use of Scripture shapes the listener’s sense of the Psalter as a whole and can lead worshipers in an honest, bold alleluia.
A New Fragment of P. Fouad inv. 267A: The PSI inv. 2006
Authors: Tihon Anne , Fournet Jean-Luc
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a new fragment of the astronomical papyrus P. Fouad inv. 267A, published by Jean-Luc Fournet and Anne Tihon, Conformément aux observations d’Hipparque: le Papyrus Fouad inv. 267A. Annex by Raymond Mercier (Publications de l’Institut Orientaliste de Louvain 67, 2014). This fragment preserved in Florence, PSI inv. 2006, appears to be a small piece of P. Fouad, and the astronomical contents on the verso fit exactly with the data of P. Fouad 267A.
Arabic Reports about Supernovae 1604 and 1572 in Rawḥ al-Rūḥ by cĪsā b. Luṭf Allāh from Yemen
Authors: Neuhäuser Ralph , Rada Wafiq , Kunitzsch Paul , Neuhäuser Dagmar L.
Published: January 2017

We present Arabic texts about supernovae SN 1572 and SN 1604. The short observational reports were found in the Yemeni history book entitled Rawḥ al-Rūḥ written by cĪsā b. Luṭf Allāh b. al-Muṭahhar. The text about SN 1604 specifies the location of a new star at the beginning of the zodiacal sign of Sagittarius, consistent with SN 1604 in the constellation of Ophiuchus. It was observed in fall a.d. 1604 for some 40 days (probably limited by its heliacal setting after around a.d. 1604 22 November). The object is called a najm (star) of the nayāzik (transient celestial objects), from which we can conclude that it was a tailless and/or stationary new star (rather than, e.g., a comet). It was specified to be as (large/bright as) Jupiter, consistent with the supernova in a.d. 1604 October and November The text confirms other reports about SN 1604. Furthermore, a short text reports a new star ( najm) in the north-east, larger than Venus, observed in the year a.h. 980 (a.d. 1572 May to 1573 May), connected to the death of a leader on a.d. 1572 9 ± 2 November; this could well be SN 1572, otherwise observed to be as bright as Venus since a.d. 1572 6 November. These new findings may indicate that more Yemeni reports about Galactic supernovae can be uncovered. The description of the new star of a.d. 1604 as najm (star) of the nayāzik (transient celestial objects) and of the comet of a.d. 1577 as “a star [ najm] … of the nayāzik, with a tail … with a visible movement” shows that the author distinguished between cometary and star-like transient celestial objects.
On a Newly Discovered Copy of Copernicus’ De Revolutionibus 1543 Edition
Authors: Stratan Gheorghe
Published: January 2017

The present paper follows the method introduced in the seminal Census of Owen Gingerich, and describes three annotated copies of Copernicus’ De Revolutionibus princeps edition. One of them was totally unknown in the literature, being absent from the catalogue of its owner (the Library of the Romanian Academy, Cluj-Napoca Branch). The copies discussed here are rich in annotations, one of them being comparable with the most annotated copies described in the Census. The thesis advanced by Owen Gingerich about the continuity in the reading of Copernicus’ book is again confirmed. Details of the annotations are presented, and their images are for the first time shown in a specialized publication.
Effects of Fluoride, Lithium and Strontium on Extracellular Polysaccharide Production by Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus
Authors: Treasure Patrick
Published: January 2017

Effects of trace elements on production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) by S. mutans and A. viscosus were examined in vitro. Fluoride enhanced EPS production. Lithium and strontium had little effect alone, but tended to reverse the effect of fluoride. The proportion of water-soluble EPS and the proportion of glucosyl-EPS were increased by fluoride.
Student-Centered Classrooms
Authors: Hansen Dee , Imse Leslie A.
Published: January 2017

Music teacher evaluations traditionally examine how teachers develop student music-learning objectives, assess cognitive and performance skills, and direct classroom learning experiences and behavior. A convergence of past and current educational ideas and directives is changing how teachers are evaluated on their use of student-centered instructional approaches in the music classroom. These are classrooms facilitated rather than directed by the teacher in which students regularly communicate, collaborate, self-reflect, problem solve, and peer-evaluate about their learning. The authors trace the influence of three important initiatives that, among others, contributed to the implementation of student-centered learning in music classrooms: Arts PROPEL, Comprehensive Musicianship, and 21st Century Skills. The article also explores relationships between these entities, the National Music Standards, and teacher evaluation and provides an innovative model of teacher evaluation.
Reconsidering the Role of Stephen Foster in the Music Classroom
Authors: Forness Jennifer
Published: January 2017

The place of Stephen Foster and the music of American minstrelsy should be reconsidered for the music classroom. Some of this repertoire can be offensive because of its historical context and racially insensitive language. Critical theory can provide a framework for choosing repertoire that creates dialogue about racial structures in music. The use of critical theory in studying Stephen Foster’s music can engage students in praxis and work toward ending racial injustices in the classroom.
Effects of Administration of Cannabis Resin during Pregnancy on Emotionality and Learning
Authors: Kawash George F. , Yeung David L. , Berg Sheila D.
Published: January 2017

Injection of cannabis resin as a saline-Tween 80 solution to pregnant rats resulted in pups having lower body weight, higher emotionality, poorer learning capacity, and paradoxically higher brain weight and DNA content. The cannabis appeared directly to have caused the inferior growth rate of the pups which in turn affected emotionality and learning.
Delboeuf Illusions: Contour or Size Detector Interactions?
Authors: Jaeger Ted , Lorden Rosanne
Published: January 2017

Manipulations of contour lightness were shown to alter the magnitude and direction of the Delboeuf illusion. The data suggest that size detector rather than contour interactions create this visual anomaly.
Recall and Recognition Encoding Differences for Low- and High-Imagery Words1
Authors: Wnek Irene , Read J. Don
Published: January 2017

60 subjects were given one of three expectations (recall, recognition, none) with regard to the testing of words varying in rated imagery. Performance differences for low- and high-imagery words were largest for the recall expectation groups. In contrast to previous research, a match between test expected and test received did not always produce best performance.
Jails in the Early American Republic
Authors: Tillotson Stephen E. , Colanese Jennifer A.
Published: January 2017

Recent state-level penal policy reforms have the potential to shift the burden of incarceration to local jails. We argue that such transcarceration is not a new phenomenon, but rather, is a persistent aspect of incarceration in the United States. In this article, we provide an historical analysis of jails in the Early American Republic (1790-1850), including their role expansion to include felon and misdemeanant incarceration, their role contraction alongside the development of institutions for various special populations, and their enduring function as a site of “rabble” management.
Retrospective Self-Reports of Changes in Homosexual Orientation: A Consumer Survey of Conversion Therapy Clients
Authors: Nicolosi Joseph , Byrd A. Dean , Potts Richard W.
Published: January 2017

We present the results of a survey of 882 dissatisfied homosexual people whom we queried about their beliefs regarding conversion therapy and the possibility of change in sexual orientation. There were 70 closed-ended questions on the survey and 5 open-ended ones. Of the 882 participants, 726 of them reported that they had received conversion therapy from a professional therapist or a pastoral counselor. Of the participants 779 or 89.7% viewed themselves as “more homosexual than heterosexual,” “almost exclusively homosexual,” or “exclusively homosexual” in their orientation before receiving conversion therapy or making self-help efforts to change. After receiving therapy or engaging in self-help, 305 (35.1%) of the participants continued to view their orientation in this manner. As a group, the participants reported large and statistically significant reductions in the frequency of their homosexual thoughts and fantasies that they attributed to conversion therapy or-self-help. They also reported large improvements in their psychological, interpersonal, and spiritual well-being. These responses cannot, for several reasons, be generalized beyond the present sample, but the attitudes and ideas are useful in developing testable hypotheses for further research.
Comparison of Conduct-Disordered Behavior in Crack-Dealing versus Nondealing Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Duncan Renae D. , Kennedy Wallace A. , Smith Daniel W.
Published: January 2017

Currently, little research has investigated psychosocial functioning among juvenile crack dealers, and there appear to be few studies comparing dealers to nondealing juvenile offenders. The current study examined whether juvenile crack dealers display more severe conduct-disordered behavior than their nondealing delinquent peers. The records of 130 adolescent males committed to a residential training school were studied. Analyses indicated that crack dealers were younger when first arrested, had more arrests and commitments, and met more DSM-III-R conduct-disorder criteria than their nondealing delinquent peers. In addition, the DSM-III-R conduct-disorder criteria met by dealers were more severe, and dealers were more likely to be rearrested within six months following release. Overall, significant differences between crack dealers and nondealing juvenile offenders were found; dealers displayed a more delinquent history and a more serious and violent conduct disorder than their nondealing yet delinquent peers.
The 1999 Balkan War: Changes in Ratings of Values and Pro War Attitudes among French Students
Authors: Bègue Laurent , Apostolidis Thémistoklis
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the association of Kosovo's 1999 war with a value rating of 56 female French students and links between values evaluated at two times (before and during the war) and attitudes towards the Balkan war. Subjects completed a survey of 15 values by means of a 9-point Likert-type scale one month before the beginning of the Balkan war (Time 1) and during the war, 3 mo. later (Time 2). Attitude towards the war was also measured by means of a 4-item scale completed at lime 2. Analysis indicated two slight unpredicted shifts: Universalism and Stimulation value-types were rated higher at Time 2 than at Time 1. Moreover, two value-types were consistently correlated both at Times 1 and 2 with prowar attitudes: conformity ( r = .29 and .27) and universalism ( r = –.29 and –.43). This latter result, consistent with our hypothesis, suggested that individuals’ values represent modest but significant correlates of prowar attitudes.
Predictors of Support to Legalize a State Lottery in Alabama Counties
Authors: Joubert Charles E.
Published: January 2017

In Alabama support for a lottery to fund education was correlated with indices of low income.
A Test of Monroe's Motivated Sequence for Its Effects on Ratings of Message Organization and Attitude Change
Authors: Micciche Tracy , Pryor Burt , Butler Jeff
Published: January 2017

The experiment examined Monroe's Motivated Sequence, an organizational pattern commonly taught in basic speech courses for its effects on attitude change and ratings of comprehensibility of messages. Treatment groups of 21, 23, and 24 participants read one of three versions of a persuasive message that advocated a $50 fee increase to improve parking facilities on campus. One version represented Monroe's five-step sequence, a second version reversed the five steps, and a third randomly ordered the steps. A control group of 22 read a message unrelated to the parking issue. Analysis showed no differences in attitude change across the four groups. The Monroe sequence condition did produce significantly higher ratings of comprehensibility on one of four comparisons.
Psychometric Properties of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale among People with Arthritis
Authors: Sheasby J. E. , Barlow J. H. , Cullen L. A. , Wright C. C.
Published: January 2017

After 30 years of use the factor structure of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale remains the subject of debate. Most studies have focused on school-aged or undergraduate students. There are few psychometric data for older people or for those with disabilities. This study compared the factor structures of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale among 117 adults with arthritis and 185 undergraduate students. A two-factor solution provided the best fit for both samples, although the item content of the factors differed slightly. Further investigation is required to assess whether the difference is due to age or the presence of physical disability. Nonetheless, the scale discriminated well between students and adults with arthritis.
Effect of Feedback Expectancy on Neo-Five Factor Inventory Scores
Authors: Scandell Donald J. , Wlazelek Brian , Reffie Susan
Published: January 2017

Although Costa and McCrae have indicated that respondents can strategically self-present on the NEO-Five Factor, Inventory when instructed to do so, little research has examined the situational factors related to the motivation to self-present. This study examined feedback expectancy concerning test performance as one variable that might have relevance to strategic self-presentation on the NEO-Five Factor Inventory. Participants ( N = 108) completed the inventory under one of three feedback expectancy conditions: public feedback, private feedback, or a control condition. Multiple analyses of variance indicated no significant differences on the inventory's domain scores among conditions, suggesting that feedback expectancy was not related to performance.
Gender Differences in Self-Image Described by Malhotra's Self-Concept Scale
Authors: Goldsmith Ronald E. , Flynn Leisa R.
Published: January 2017

A survey was made of 69 men and 51 women undergraduate students who described their self-image using the 15 adjective pairs of Malhotra's (1981) Self-concept Scale. Tests of mean differences showed that the men described themselves as more rugged, dominating, unorganized, rational, formal, and colorless; and the women described themselves as more delicate, submissive, organized, emotional, informal, and colorful. These results are consistent with several descriptions of male/female differences in the literature, thereby demonstrating that Malhotra's scale may be a simple and convenient way to measure these specific aspects of self-image.
Competitiveness and Conflict Behavior in Simulation of A Social Dilemma
Authors: Houston John M. , Kinnie Judy , Lupo Bernice , Terry Christeine , Ho Sandy S.
Published: January 2017

This experiment examined the competitive behavior in a seven-choice Prisoner's Dilemma game of 108 adult students (68 women, 40 men) classified as high, average, or low in competitiveness based on their scores on the Competitiveness Index. Participants were then presented one of three preprogrammed response conditions representing (1) Competitive, (2) De-escalating, or (3) Noncompetitive conflict behavior from a simulated opponent. Participants high in competitiveness engaged in more competitive behavior and reported higher satisfaction with the task than those low in competitiveness. As expected, the Competitive conditions elicited more competitive behavior than Noncompetitive conditions. The results suggest-competitive individuals may be particularly susceptible to social cues that trigger competitive behavior.
Categorization of Videogames: Some Comments on ‘Children and Electronic Games’ by Funk, ET AL.
Authors: Griffiths Mark
Published: January 2017

Comments are made on an article by Funk, et al. about children and electronic games. This author argues the cross-cultural differences and developmental effects must be taken into account and that the categorization system of videogames based on content is incomplete or too general to cover the complex actions of contemporary videogames. These factors alone may have implications for research.
Career Priority Patterns among Managerial Women: A Study of four Countries
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: January 2017

This research examined career priority patterns among samples of managerial and professional women in Bulgaria, Canada, Norway, and Singapore. Data were collected using questionnaires. Women in all four countries shared similar career priority patterns, endorsing patterns that combined both career and family.
Characteristics of Families of Soldiers who Return Prematurely from Overseas Deployments: An Assessment from Operation Restore Hope (Somalia)
Authors: Schumm Walter R. , Bell D. Bruce , Knott Benjamin
Published: January 2017

Nearly 500 wives, married to enlisted soldiers who deployed to Somalia for Operation Restore Hope, participated in a postdeployment study in the summer of 1993. About 10% of their husbands had returned early from Somalia for family reasons. Analysis of their wives’ reports suggests that early returns were associated most often with childbirth or problematic pregnancies rather than other factors such as inexperience with deployments, negative attitudes towards the military, a lack of support services, or lower coping abilities. However, in hindsight, our results probably reflect compliance with military policy at that time for that deployment, under which pregnancy-related concerns were one of the most legitimate reasons for permitting an early return. The results support sociological theories that highlight the importance of macrosocial factors in influencing the lives of individual families somewhat independently of the microsocial environment of the families.
An Inquiry-Based Approach to Teaching Research Design: Asking the Right Questions
Authors: Yonts Nikki , Abramson Charles I. , Mckenna Jessica , Deboer Stacy , Mcmillin Ann , Rice Justin , Potts Richard , Scott Bill
Published: January 2017

To describe an inquiry-based learning activity and discuss the advantages of using such activities to demonstrate research design to undergraduate psychology students the authors presented students with the research problem of eyewitness memory recall and asked students to solve the problem, using the information provided by the course. Working in small groups, students reviewed eyewitness studies and designed their own research materials, including a videotaped theft and a CD-ROM version of the eyewitness survey and potential suspect line-up. Poststudy interviews showed that the students enjoyed the activity and felt that they had a better understanding of experimental research design than they had before the exercise. It is proposed that this activity may be a useful hands-on tool for instructors who have difficulty teaching students fundamental topics such as literature reviews, hypothesis testing, reliability and validity of research measures, and experimental design.
Apocalyptic Thinking, Autonomy, and Sociotropy
Authors: Morris Neil , Johnson Martin P.
Published: January 2017

As the millennium approached there was a unique opportunity to examine beliefs about impending apocalyptic events. In March, 1998 60 English participants, 20 to 35 years of age, including 20 Jehovah's Witnesses, 20 Roman Catholics, and 20 Methodists, completed a four-dimension scale of Positive and Negative Autonomy and Positive and Negative Sociotropy and a questionnaire, Apocalyptic Thinking, on the millennium containing questions on apocalyptic beliefs. The aim of the study was to investigate the apocalyptic beliefs of a number of Christian denominations and examine the relationship between scores on apocalyptic thinking about the millennium and group cohesion. Jehovah's Witnesses scored highest on all scales except Positive Autonomy, and the Catholics had higher Negative Sociotropy and Apocalyptic Thinking scores than the Methodists. Negative Sociotropy scores correlated positively with Apocalyptic Thinking scores for all groups. These data suggest significant positive relationship between these Christian endorsements of the likelihood of apocalyptic events at the millennium and the extent to which they perceive nonmembers of their denomination as ‘outsiders’.
On the Incremental Validity of MMPI-2 Psychopathology-5 Scales over the Revised Neo Personality Inventory Scales for Predicting Personality Disorders
Authors: Byravan Anupama , Ramanaiah Nerella V.
Published: January 2017

The hypothesis that the MMPI-2 Psychopathology-5 scales are better predictors of personality disorders than the Revised NEO Personality Inventory scales was tested using Personality Adjective Checklist personality disorder scales with a 9-point response format, The three inventories were completed by 258 introductory psychology students (113 men and 145 women) for partial course credit. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed for predicting each Personality Adjective Checklist scale by entering the Revised NEO Personality Inventory scales as a set in the first step and the Psychopathology-5 scales as a set in the second step. Incremental validity of the Psychopathology-5 scales over the Revised NEO Personality Inventory scales for predicting each Personality Adjective Checklist scale was measured by the R2 change at the end of the second step in the hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Incremental validity values ranged from .01 to .09, with a median of .03, and were significant for only five Personality Adjective Checklist scales. Such results provided very little support for the hypothesis of relative superiority of the Psychopathology-5 scales over the Revised NEO Personality Inventory domain scales for predicting personality disorders.
Screening for Depression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with the British Columbia Major Depression Inventory
Authors: Iverson Grant L.
Published: January 2017

Accurate identification of depression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is particularly complicated because the vegetative symptoms of depression also reflect core features of this autoimmune disease. Self-reported symptoms in patients with SLE ( n = 103) and community control subjects ( n = 136) were examined with the British Columbia Major Depression Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The patients with lupus obtained higher scores on most items of the former inventory. A logistic regression analysis assessed whether a subset of these items were uniquely related to group membership. Clinically significant fatigue was much more common in patients with lupus than in the control group. Two items relating to sleep disturbance also entered the equation as unique predictors. The three-variable model resulted in 85% of the control subjects and 66% of the patients being correctly classified. A subset of patients with depression, according to the Beck inventory (17 or higher), were selected ( n = 41). Their most frequently endorsed symptoms on the British Columbia Inventory were fatigue (90.2%), trouble falling asleep (70.7%), cognitive difficulty (61%), and psychomotor slowing (58.5%). Only 29.3% reported significant sadness. 15% of these subjects were classified as not depressed, 46% as possibly depressed, and 39% as probably depressed on the British Columbia Inventory. It is advisable to assess whether patients are experiencing significant sadness or loss of interest before concluding that a high score on a screening test corresponds to probable depression.
Sense of Coherence and Smoking in a Sample of Abused Women
Authors: Luszczynska Aleksandra
Published: January 2017

The Antonovsky thesis (1987) of the relationship between sense of coherence and smoking, a health-related behavior, was investigated in a group of 83 raped and battered women. Analysis indicated that the simple model of “sense of coherence-health-related behavior” relationship (the higher the sense of coherence or its components the healthier behaviors, i.e., lower rates of smoking) cannot be accepted for this sample.
Optimism and Psychosocial Functioning in Caring for Children with Battens and Other Neurological Diseases,
Authors: Labbé Elise E. , Lopez Irma , Murphy Lisa , O'brien Carol
Published: January 2017

Psychosocial functioning was compared between 32 caregivers of children with Batten's disease, a terminal, neurodegenerative illness, and with 20 caregivers of children with epilepsy or cerebral palsy. Caregivers’ optimism was expected to be associated with better psychosocial functioning, regardless of the children's illness. A multivariate analysis of covariance indicated caregivers of children with Battens disease had significantly ( p < .01) higher depression and anxiety scores on the Symptom Checklist-90 and demands on health and time schedule scores measured by the Caregiver Reaction Assessment than the comparison group. Pearson product-moment correlations were significant and ranged from –.52 to –.48 ( p < .01) for scores on Life Orientation Test optimism and psychosocial functioning as measured by the Family Environment Scale and the SCL-90 for all participants. Findings suggest that caregivers of children with Battens disease experience greater psychological distress than the comparison group and that optimism is positively related to better caregivers’ psychosocial functioning regardless of the type of illness.
Role of Hope in the Survival of Vietnam Combat Veterans
Authors: Huff Marlene Belew
Published: January 2017

75 Vietnam combat veterans participated in extensive interviews about their combat experience. Regardless of the nature of the combat, Vietnam veterans re-Ported that “hope” was a determining factor in their survival. An analysis of the interview narratives suggests a typology of different processes for hoping.
Properties of the Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R) in a Psychosomatic Consultation-Liaison Setting
Authors: Schmitz Norbert , Hartkamp Norbert , Franz Matthias , Buse Stefan , Karig Roman , Tress Wolfgang
Published: January 2017

The present study aimed to assess the effect of psychological screening of medical inpatients using the Symptom Check List, SCL-90-R. A sample of 630 medical inpatients who were referred to a psychosomatic consultation-liaison service was assessed using the SCL-90-R. A clinical interview was conducted with all assessed Patients. Patients referred to the consultation-liaison service showed high psychological distress. 73% of the subjects were classed as cases using the International Classification of Diseases (10th Revision) criteria and psychological impairment. The screening characteristics of the SCL-90-R were not as good as those reported for other outpatient samples. The SCL-90-R appears to have been valuable for the consultation-liaison service since subjects with mental disorders scored significantly higher on almost all the scales than subjects without mental disorders. The questionnaire can serve as a useful tool for understanding patients’ current status regarding mental health problems.
Access to the Latent Benefits of Employment for Unemployed and Underemployed Individuals
Authors: Creed Peter A. , Machin Michael A.
Published: January 2017

A sample of job seekers ( N = 161) were assessed on measures of well-being and the latent benefits of employment. The unemployed reported less access to the latent benefits than the underemployed. In a finer grained analysis, there was a monotonic increase from least to most access to the latent benefits from those with no paid work in the past three months, some paid work in the past three months, some current paid work, to those with considerable current paid work. Despite this, no differences in well-being were found.
Anxiety, Attitudes, and Sex Roles of Male College Students in a “Buddy Program” for Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Gaje Gerardo D. , Saylor Conway , Deroma Virginia
Published: January 2017

This study measured the anxiety, attitudes toward people with disabilities, and sex roles of a sample of undergraduate men attending a military college in the southeast ( n = 58). Students who had voluntarily participated in the college's “Buddy Program,” in which the students interact on a weekly basis with people with mental, physical, and emotional disabilities, were compared with peers who had had limited or no such contact. Data analysis showed no significant differences in androgyny and attitudes toward people with disabilities between the two groups. However, there was a significant difference in anxiety when interacting with persons with disabilities. Correlational analyses showed that scores indicating lower general anxiety and lower anxiety specific to interacting with persons with disabilities were significantly correlated with attitudes toward persons with disabilities. Implications for recruiting and training male volunteers to work with persons who have disabilities are discussed.
An Empirical Examination among Canadian Teachers of Determinants of the Need for Employees’ Assistance Programs
Authors: Cohen Aaron , Schwartz Hanit
Published: January 2017

The goal of this study was to propose and test a model of the determinants of the need for employees’ assistance programs. The research model proposed six independent variables related to employees’ assistance programs: organizational support, personal coping, negative spillover, occupational commitment, job satisfaction, and tenure. The model proposed that the relationship between the independent variables and the need for employees’ assistance programs was not direct but was mediated by work-nonwork conflict and job stress Questionnaires were mailed to employees of a school district in western Canada, and 300 usable questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 42%. The research model received modest support from the data. Some of the fit indices were not as strong as expected. On the other hand, the conceptual model was supported.