bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Interactive Learning Based Discovery Learning to Improve Mathematic Representation and Self-Efficacy Abilities of MAN 1 Medan Students
Authors: Hafni Maulida , Syahputra Edi , Khairani Nerli
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Menemukan pembelajaran interaktif berbasis discovery learning yang valid, praktis dan efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis dan self efficacy siswa; 2) Mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa dengan menggunakan pembelajaran interaktif berbasis discovery learning; 3) Mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan self-efficacy siswa dengan menggunakan pembelajaran interaktif berbasis discovery learning. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu tahap pertama pengembangan pembelajaran interaktif melalui model pembelajaran discovery learning dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D Thiagarajan dan tahap kedua mengujicobakan pembelajaran interaktif melalui model pembelajaran discovery learning yang dikembangkan di kelas X IIS 1 dan X IIS 2 MAN 1 Medan. Dari hasil uji coba I dan uji coba II diperoleh: 1) pembelajaran interaktif melalui model pembelajaran discovery learning yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis dan efektif ditinjau dari kriteria masing-masing; 2) pencapaian kemampuan representasi matematis siswa menggunakan perangkat pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran discovery learning meningkat, ditinjau ketuntasan klasikal posttest uji coba I sebesar 68,75% meningkat menjadi 87,50% pada uji coba II; 3) kemampuan self efficacy siswa menggunakan perangkat pembelajaran dengan pendekatan model pembelajaran discovery learning meningkat, ditinjau dari ketuntasan klasikal posttest uji coba I sebesar 68,75% meningkat menjadi 87,50% pada uji coba II.
Korelasi antara Motivasi Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Online dengan Hasil Belajar Matematika di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Nurwahid Mohammad
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi rendahnya motivasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran daring hal ini selaras dengan hasil belajar siswa yang rendah juga. Olehkarena itu peneliti ingin mengetahui apakah ada korelasi antara motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa dalam pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Responden penelitian ini adalah siswa SMAN I Dukun sebanyak 68 siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di bulan November tahun 2020. Instrumeen yang digunakan untuk mengukur motivasi belajar adalah kuesioner dalam bentuk google form, sedangkan data hasil belajar matematika diperoleh dari hasil ulangan yang diperoleh dari guru matematika. Selanjutnya data diuji normalitasnya untuk mengetahui apakah data tersebut berdistribusi normal atau tidak. Karena data yang diperoleh tidak berdistribusi normal maka untuk mengetahui apakah ada korelasi antara motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar matematika digunakan uji spearman’s rho. Hasil dari uji spearman’s rho diperoleh taraf signifikansi  yang artinya tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa. Sementara koefesien korelasinya diperoleh  yang artinya derajat korelasinya sangat lemah dan arah hubungannya positif.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Aplikasi Smartphone Untuk Memfasilitasi Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa
Authors: Priangga Yuyun Suria
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui langkah pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi smartphone guna memfasilitasi kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa. Metode pengembangan menggunakan ADDIE (analisis, desain, development, implementasi dan evaluasi). Implementasi media pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan model Problem-Based Learning (PBL) berbantuan aplikasi smartphone. Analisis awal pengembangan media pembelajaran menggunakan analisis kebutuhan dan ketersediaan media pembelajaran. Pengolahan data menggunakan pendekatan data kuantitatif yang didapat dari uji kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa dan uji kelayakan media pembelajaran. Penilaian kemampuan berpikir kreatif berdasarkan aspek kelancaran, keluwesan, elaborasi dan keaslian pemecahan masalah siswa. Uji kelayakan media pembelajaran didapat dari validasi media pembelajaran dan validasi materi pembelajaran. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X MAN 1 Kota Pekalongan materi trigonometri. Hasil evaluasi dengan cara membandingkan dua sampel kelas, kelas ekperimen dengan menerapkan PBL berbantuan aplikasi smartphone dan kelas kontrol menerapkan PBL dengan pendekatan diskusi grup normal. Penelitian menghasilkan (1) pengembangan media pembelajaran, (2) hasil rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari pada kelas kontrol
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa SMP Kelas VIII Pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar Ditinjau dari Kecerdasan Logis Matematis
Authors: Rinawati Riyani , Ratu Novisita
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Pabelan pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar ditinjau dari kecerdasan logis matematis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan mulai Februari – April 2021. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah 3 siswa kelas VIII, terdiri dari siswa tingkat kecerdasan logis matematis tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa (1) siswa dengan kecerdasan logis matematis tinggi mampu melalui tahapan memahami masalah untuk soal nomor 1 dan nomor 2, merencanakan pemecahan masalah untuk soal nomor 1 dan nomor 2, melaksanakan rencana pemecahan masalah untuk soal nomor 1 dan nomor 2, namun tidak mampu memeriksa kembali untuk soal nomor 1 dan nomor 2, (2) siswa dengan kecerdasan logis matematis sedang mampu melalui mampu melalui tahapan memahami masalah untuk soal nomor 1 dan nomor 2, merencanakan pemecahan masalah untuk soal nomor 1 dan nomor 2, melaksanakan rencana pemecahan masalah untuk soal nomor 1 dan tidak mampu untuk nomor 2, dan tidak mampu memeriksa kembali untuk soal nomor 1 dan nomor 2, (3) siswa dengan kecerdasan logis matematis rendah hanya mampu melalui tahapan memahami masalah.
The COVID States Project #53: Public support for vaccine passports
Authors: Baum Matthew , Simonson Matthew , Chwe Hanyu , Perlis Roy H. , Green Jon , Ognyanova Katherine , Lazer David , Druckman James , Lin Jennifer , Santillana Mauricio , Uslu Ata , Quintana Alexi
Published: May 2021

“Vaccine certification” requirements were first introduced in the United States in response to smallpox in the 1800s. Today, physicians routinely provide certification that students have received an array of vaccinations that are required in order to attend school or summer camp, or to participate in sports or other group activities. A similar concept -- recently labeled “Vaccine Passports” (“VPs”) -- has been suggested with respect to COVID-19 vaccination, requiring individuals to provide proof of vaccination in order to engage in certain activities, such as indoor dining or shopping, flying on an airplane, or attending school. However, requiring that Americans prove that they have been vaccinated in order to participate in such activities has generated fierce opposition. The success or failure of these initiatives likely rests on a better understanding of the breadth and depth of this opposition, and its basis. Is it simply that the term “vaccine passport” has been politicized? Or is the underlying concept viewed by Americans as problematic? Or, in the wake of a year of lockdowns and mask mandates, are Americans concerned about yet another government mandate?The purpose of this report is thus to explore two questions. First, is public resistance to vaccine passports mainly due to the politicization of the term itself, or is the public genuinely opposed to any sort of vaccine mandate? Second, do those who oppose vaccine passports object only to the government requiring them, or do they object to any institution, public or private, making them a requirement?
The Behaviour of Skylarks
Authors: Delius Juan D. , Delius Julia A. M.
Published: May 2021

A population of individually marked skylarks was studied by Juan D. Delius over four breeding seasons in Ravenglass, Cumbria, England. The original publication of his findings on their behaviour was published in German (Delius, 1963). Here, the article is presented in English for the first time, with updates of the relevant literature.
ISO 14001: Design and implementation of an environmental management system in a public administration
Authors: Abbruzzese Vito
Published: May 2021

Following the Master in Integrated Environmental Management, held at the European School for Advanced Studies of IUSS (University Institute of Advanced Studies), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, I worked as a trainee at the consulting company Eco Auditing Ltd. Genoa, Italy. Eco Auditing is an Italian leading environmental consultancy to public and private institutions and it is specialised in environmental certifications, with expert consultants to assist in the design and implementation of environmental management systems applied to public bodies. Specifically, I was interested in the environmental certification of the municipality of Maratea, in the province of Potenza, in compliance with UNI EN ISO 14001.
The COVID States Project #52: Public support for vaccine requirements
Authors: Baum Matthew , Quintana Alexi , Simonson Matthew , Lazer David , Ognyanova Katherine , Chwe Hanyu , Perlis Roy H. , Green Jon , Druckman James , Lin Jennifer , Santillana Mauricio , Uslu Ata
Published: May 2021

As more Americans are being vaccinated, politicians, institutional leaders, and individual members of the public are debating in what contexts vaccine requirements are appropriate and who should be allowed to set the rules. For example, an increasing number of colleges and universities are announcing that they will require that students be vaccinated before returning to campus in the fall. On the other hand, lawmakers in at least 40 states are seeking to prohibit universities, government agencies, or businesses from doing so.To explore this question, our April 2021 survey (N=21,733 respondents) included a series of questions asking respondents whether or not they approved of local, state, or federal governments mandating vaccines for everyone, and, more narrowly, whether they supported a vaccine requirement to board an airplane, attend (K-12) school in person, or return to college. In this report, we explore public support for such requirements in the aggregate and broken out by demographic subgroups of the population, as well as at the state level.
An Extended Gate Field Effect Transistor (EGFET)-based pH Microsensor Utilizing a Polypyyrole Coated pH Microelectrode
Authors: ŞEN Mustafa , Seven Fikri
Published: May 2021

Here, an ultra-small size, simple and inexpensive metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET)-integrated needle type EGFET pH microsensor was fabricated. The EGFET pH mi?crosensor has the potential to be applied to fast and precise local pH measurements. The system was composed of two components; a pH sensitive probe and a MOSFET. The pH sensitive probe wasmade by electrochemically coating the surface of a Pt ultra micro-electrode with polypyrrole, a semi-conductor polymer. The pH sensitive probe was then integrated with the gate of the MOSFET to carry out measurements in PBS at different pH values. The real time response of the EGFET pH microsen?sor was also tested by cycling the probe in three solutions at different pH. The results showed that the developed pH microsensor is sensitive to pH change. It is expected that the EGFET pH microsensor will allow local pH analysis in biological samples or corrosion studies
Excavation & Conservation of Fossils from the Baynunah Formation
Authors: Fox Marilyn
Published: May 2021

The recovery, preparation, and conservation of fossil remains found in the late Miocene Baynunah Formation, Abu Dhabi, present special challenges. In this chapter, field experiences are covered, and solutions are proposed for some of the challenges for the recovery and conservation of fossils in this sandy desert environment. This chapter provides paleontologists and those concerned with Abu Dhabi’s fossil heritage, whether in the field or the laboratory, with suggestions for best practices in the collection, preparation, molding and casting, and long-term conservation of this evidence of past life.
Identifying social partners through indirect prosociality: a computational account
Authors: Davis Isaac , Carlson Ryan W. , Dunham Yarrow , Jara-Ettinger Julian
Published: May 2021

The ability to identify people who are prosocial, supportive, and mindful of others is critical for choosing social partners. While past work has emphasized the information value of direct social interactions (such as watching someone help or hinder others), social tendencies can also be inferred from indirect evidence, such as how an agent considers others when making personal choices. Here we present a computational model of this capacity, grounded in a Bayesian framework for action understanding. Across three experiments we show that this model captures how people infer social preferences based on how agents’ act when their choices indirectly affect others (Experiments 1a and 1b), and how people infer what an agent knows about others from knowledge of that agent’s social preferences (Experiment 2). Critically, people’s patterns of inferences could not be explained by simpler alternatives. These findings illuminate how people can discern potential social partners from indirect evidence of their prosociality, thus deepening our understanding of partner detection, and social cognition more broadly.
Limits to early mental state reasoning: Fourteen- to 15-month-old infants appreciate whether others can see objects, but not others’ experiences of objects
Authors: Woo Brandon Matthew , Spelke Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

Research provides evidence that infants infer what others can and cannot see from their differing perspectives, but do infants appreciate that their own perspective on an object can differ from that of a person who views the same object from a different direction? First, infants were shown two faces with screens in front of or behind them. Infants correctly inferred that a face that was visible to them was occluded to an actor sitting across from them. Then two experiments presented infants with two unscreened faces: one upright and one inverted. Infants attributed their own perspective on those faces to the actor: They inferred that faces that were upright to them were also upright to the actor across from them. Thus, infants appreciate that others may see things that they do not, but they fail to grasp that others may experience the same visible objects differently than they do.
On the Role of Low-Level Linguistic Tasks for Reading Time Prediction
Authors: Dary Franck , Fourtassi Abdellah , Nasr Alexis
Published: May 2021

It has been shown that complexity metrics, computed by a syntactic parser, is a predictor of human reading time, which is an approximation of human sentence comprehension difficulty. Nevertheless, parsers usually take as input sentences that have already been processed or even manually annotated. We propose to study a more realistic scenario, where the various processing levels (tokenization, PoS and morphology tagging, lemmatization, syntactic parsing, and sentence segmentation) are predicted incrementally from raw text. To this end, we propose a versatile modeling framework, we call the Reading Machine, that performs all such linguistic tasks and allows to incorporate cognitive constraints such as incrementally. We illustrate the behavior of this setting through a case study where we test the hypothesis that the complexity metrics computed at different processing levels predict human reading difficulty and that when cognitive constraints are applied to the machine (e.g., incrementality), it yields better predictions.
Depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK
Authors: Young Katherine Seaton , Purves Kirstin Lee , Hübel Christopher , Davies Molly , Thompson Katherine Nina , Bristow Shannon , Krebs Georgina , Danese Andrea , Hirsch Colette , Parsons Christine Elizabeth , Vassos Evangelos , Adey Brett , Bright Steven , Hegemann Laura , Lee Yung Teng , Kalsi Gursharan , Monssen Dina , Mundy Jessica , Peel Alicia , Rayner Christopher , Rogers Henry , ter Kuile Abigail , Ward Camilla , York Keisha , Lin Yuhao , Palmos Alish , Schmidt Ulrike , Veale David , Nicholson Timothy , Pollak Thomas , Stevelink Sharon , Moukhtarian Talar , Martineau Adrian , Holt Hayley , Maughan Barbara , Al-Chalabi Ammar , Chaudhuri K Ray , Richardson Mark Philip , Bradley John , Chinnery Patrick , Kingston Nathalie , Papadia Sofia , Stirrups Kathy , Linger Rachel , Hotopf Matthew , Eley Thalia , Breen Gerome
Published: May 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a novel population-level stressor. As such, it is important to examine pandemic-related changes in mental health and to identify which individuals are at greatest risk of worsening symptoms.Methods: Online questionnaires were administered to 34,465 individuals in the UK, recruited from existing cohorts or via social media. Around one third (n = 12,718) with prior diagnoses of depression or anxiety completed pre-pandemic mental health assessments, allowing prospective investigation of symptom change. We examined changes in depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms using prospective, retrospective and global ratings of change assessments. We also examined the effect of key risk factors on changes in symptoms.Outcomes: Prospective analyses showed small decreases in depression (PHQ-9: - .43 points) and anxiety symptoms (GAD-7: -.33 points), and increases in PTSD symptoms (PCL-6: .22 points). Conversely, retrospective analyses demonstrated large significant increases in depression (2.40 points) and anxiety symptoms (1.97 points) and 55% reported worsening mental health since the beginning of the pandemic on a global change rating. Using both prospective and retrospective symptom measures, regression analyses demonstrated that worsening depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms were associated with i) prior mental health diagnoses, ii) female gender; iii) young age, and iv) unemployed or student status.Interpretation: We highlight the effect of prior mental health diagnoses on worsening mental health during the pandemic and confirm previously-reported sociodemographic risk factors. Discrepancies between prospective and retrospective measures of changes in mental health may be related to recall bias underestimating prior symptom severity.
More than “Getting Us Through:” A Case Study in Cultural Capital Enrichment of Underrepresented Minority Undergraduates
Authors: Ovink Sarah , Veazey Brian D.
Published: May 2021

Minority students continue to be underrepresented among those who seek graduate and professional degrees in the sciences. Much previous research has focused on academic preparation. Equally important, however, are the psychological–social barriers and lack of institutional support encountered by many minority students. We present a case study of a university-sponsored intervention program for minority science majors that addresses not only academics, but also socialization into the academic community, networking, and the ability to practice newfound skills and dispositions through undergraduate research. In examining this case, we suggest that concerted, formal efforts toward expanding habitus and thereby augmenting cultural and social capital may have positive effects for underrepresented minority (URM) college students’ academic and career prospects. Moreover, we argue that these differences complement the gains program participants make in academic preparedness, showing that attention to academics alone may be insufficient for addressing longstanding inequities in science career attainment among URM students.
Designing creative places: The role of creative tourism
Authors: Richards Greg
Published: May 2021

Creativity has become a strategy in the making of places, with cities and regions seeking to increase their attractiveness to the creative class, support the creative industries or to become ‘creative cities’. We examine how creativity has been utilised in placemaking in tourism destinations through different design strategies. A shift in theoretical focus from creative individuals towards creative districts or places is noted, in line with the developing field of creative placemaking. Case studies of creative development indicate strategies need to be sensitive to local context, and follow some basic design principles. Creative placemaking includes consideration ofresources, meaning and creativity, driven by clear vision, enabling participation, leaving space for creative expression and developing a coherent narrative.
The minimum effective training dose required to increase 1RM strength in powerlifters
Authors: Androulakis-Korakakis Patroklos , Michalopoulos Nick , Fisher James , Keogh Justin , Loenneke Jeremy , Helms Eric , Wolf Milo , Nuckols Gregory Lee , Steele James
Published: May 2021

The aim of this multi-experiment paper was to explore the concept of the minimum effective training dose (METD) required to increase 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) strength in powerlifting (PL) athletes. The METD refers to the least amount of training required to elicit meaningful increases in 1RM strength. A series of 5 studies utilising mixed methods, were conducted using PL athletes & coaches of all levels in an attempt to better understand the METD for 1RM strength. The studies of this multi-experiment paper are: an interview study with elite PL athletes & highly experienced PL coaches (n=28), an interview & survey study with PL coaches and PL athletes of all levels (n=137), 2 training intervention studies with intermediate-advanced PL athletes (n=25) & a survey study with competitive PL athletes of different levels (n=57). PL athletes looking to train with a METD approach can do so by performing approximately 3-6 working sets of 1-5 repetitions each week, with these sets spread across 1-3 sessions per week per powerlift, using loads above 80% 1RM at a Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) of 7.5 to 9.5 for 6-12 weeks and expect to gain strength. PL athletes who wish to further minimize their time spent training can perform autoregulated single repetition sets at an RPE of 9-9.5 though they should expect that strength gains will be less likely to be meaningful. However, the addition of 2-3 back-off sets at approximately 80% of the single repetitions load, may produce greater gains over six weeks while following a 2-3-1 squat-bench press-deadlift weekly training frequency. When utilizing accessory exercises in the context of METD, PL athletes typically utilize 1-3 accessory exercises per powerlift, at an RPE in the range of 7-9 and utilize a repetition range of approximately 6-10 repetitions.
Comparing four standard Sleep Questionnaires to Polysomnography to predict possibility of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and its severity
Authors: Shrestha Sanjeet Krishna , Shrestha Sanjeev , Rajkarnikar Ruja , Malla Jonas , Rayamajhi Sulav , Bhattarai Sanjeet , Sharma Lucky , Bhusal Yuvaraj
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Obstructed Sleep Apnea (OSA) is emerging as a significant problem in South East Asia with the rise of Obesity. Polysomnography (PSG) being expensive in Nepal, is usually deferred. The commonly used screening tools are cornerstone to evaluate clinical possibility and effects of OSA without having to rely on the PSG at the onset in Nepal. In this study, we proposed the use of four sleep related questionnaires separate as well as in combination to clinically predict OSA and its severity. And to do that we have compared these scores with Apnea Hypo-apnea Index (AHI) derived from the gold standard level one PSG.

Method This was a prospective randomized trial comparing level one polysomnography with individual scores from Epworth Sleepiness Score, STOP BANG score, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and Functional Outcome of Sleep Quality-10 and the composite sleep score derived from all the four.

Results 120 patients with clinical suspicion of OSA underwent PSG after filling all four questionnaires. The mean AHI of the study population was 37.65 ± 23.66. STOP BANG had the highest sensitivity for all three groups of AHI (≥5, ≥15 and ≥30), at 92.5%, 93.4%, and 95.2% respectively when compared with ESS, PSQI and FOSQ-10. PSQI showed negative correlation with AHI. The proposed composite score showed no correlation with AHI.

Conclusion STOP BANG score and AHI showed good correlation. STOP BANG score had the highest sensitivity for all levels of AHI. ESS showed good PPV and NPV to predict OSA. PSQI had the highest NPV to predict AHI. And FOSQ-10 had the highest specificity, good PPV and good NPV.
Ethics in Medical Practice and Research
Authors: Kattel Pramod
Published: May 2021

Ethics is a moral guide that helps the treatment group to be treated with due respect and care following the standard of practice. It also helps the research to be conducted without or minimal harm to the population under study. Besides ethics, clinical practice and research are guided by some nationally and internationally accepted principles or codes of conduct. The human subject under treatment or study should be respected to the utmost level and should be performed by trained personnel. The importance of ethics starts before studies so should be kept in medical curricula starting from basic sciences so that medical practitioners become acquainted from the beginning of the study.
The use of fictitious time in Lagrangian mechanics
Authors: Torres del Castillo Gerardo Francisco
Published: May 2021

We present some examples in the elementary Lagrangian formulation of classical mechanics where the introduction of a parameter in place of the time (sometimes called fictitious time or local time) decouples the equations of motion.
Commercial risks of sea trans-portation in ice navigation conditions
Authors:   Azov maritime institute of National university «Odessa maritime academy», Zahorodnia Yuliia
Published: May 2021

The commercial risks of sea transportation in ice navigation conditions differ from the usual shipping conditions due to additional factors that affect the fulfillment of the terms of the sea transportation contract. During ice navigation, disputes and litigation often arise between shipowners, charterers, cargo owners and consignees due to the commercial interests of the parties.Purpose.The purpose of this article is to analyze the commercial risks of maritime transport in ice navigation and identify possible ways to reduce them by making additional amendments to the contract of carriage in the global maritime market.Methods. To solve the problem, the following methods were used: the method of theoretical generalization, the method of analysis and synthesis, the method of systema-tization, the method of deduction.Results. The analysis of the international regulatory documents regulating commercial conditions and risks of navigation in the conditions of ice navigation is carried out. The main commercial risks arising from the organization of shipping and icebreaking of ships are identified and characterized, and measures to reduce them are proposed.Originality. The need to improve the commercial conditions for sea transport during the ice navigation period is due to an increase in commercial risks and, as a consequence, a decrease in cargo flows in ports in the winter. It is proposed to create new rational approaches to the conclusion of contracts of carriage by sea, taking into account international experience in order to reduce risks and attract cargo.Output. In conditions of ice navigation, the commercial risks of international maritime transport increase significantly due to. This has a significant impact on the business costs of the transport participants due to delays, unforeseen costs and additional risks. All of these factors reduce the commercial efficiency of maritime transport for all participants. It is necessary to constantly refine and improve the charter conditions in ice navigation conditions.Keywords: ice navigation, sea transportation, commercial operation of a vessel, commercial risks.
Uma aproximação à Gestão Social do Conhecimento: um estudo qualitativo sob a ótica de servidores da administração pública federal
Authors: Carvalho Ana Paula Moura de , Hedler Helga Cristina , Alonso Luiza Beth Nunes , Mariz Ricardo Spindola
Published: May 2021

Esta pesquisa enfocou a gestão do conhecimento (GC) e a Gestão Social do Conhecimento (GSC). Em relação à primeira avaliou-se a percepção de servidores sobre a GC conhecimento na administração pública federal (APF), sua importância e práticas. Quanto à GSC foi caracterizada e diferenciada em relação à GC e outros conceitos e práticas, discutindo-se suas possíveis contribuições à APF. O método utilizado foi qualitativo com enfoque exploratório. Aplicaram-se nove entrevistas individuais junto a servidores com mestrado em GC e experiência profissional acumulada sobre o tema. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise lexical via software Alceste. A partir do discurso dos participantes, os resultados indicaram em três classes de significados que expressam as percepções dos participantes sobre as seguintes questões: (i) aderência às práticas de implantação de GC, (ii) participação dos stakeholders e (iii) percepção da importância da GC para a administração pública.
Guia de apoio de análise de ponto de função: uma proposta para interpretação de processo elementar
Authors: Pereira Josiani Neves , Ferneda Edilson , Campos Fabio Bianchi
Published: May 2021

O governo brasileiro vem contratando serviço de desenvolvimento de software e remunerando os respectivos fornecedores por ponto de função (PF). No entanto, a medição por PF, por depender de interpretação humana, há variação nos resultados da medição. Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar quais outros critérios, além daqueles explicitamente recomendados pelo IFPUG, os especialistas vêm considerando para caracterizar uma “pequena variação” ou não de um processo elementar (PE) e até que ponto estes outros critérios efetivamente auxiliam o especialista na investigação de quantos PEs estão contidos em um requisito funcional. A partir de um levantamento da literatura científica, foram preparados cenários comuns de interpretações que costumam variar. Um grupo focal com especialistas em PF discutiu esses cenários. O resultado mostra que a forma de representação de um requisito funcional impacta na interpretação, assim como os especialistas alertam que o analista de métricas deve ter o domínio de análise de requisitos, ser investigativo para proporcionar a medição mais fidedigna possível. A partir dos resultados é possível concluir que os critérios utilizados pelos especialistas na interpretação de unicidade de processo estão embasados na literatura científica. Um guia de apoio com perguntas foi proposto para auxiliar especialistas de APF na atividade de medição quando há dúvidas de interpretação de PEs similares, tais como os explorados nesta pesquisa.
Elicitação de requisitos orientada por ontologias de domínio
Authors: Motta Rafael Wobeto , Ferneda Edilson , Campos Fábio Bianchi , Pinto Viviane Judith Conte de Oliveira
Published: May 2021

Levantamento de Requisitos é um processo dedicado a compreender as necessidades de clientes e usuários, e transformar estas necessidades em projetos de desenvolvimento de sistemas. Para capturar tais necessidades, o engenheiro de requisitos precisa interagir com pessoas de negócio das mais diversas áreas. Essa interação requer intensa comunicação e é bastante afetada pelas diferenças de vocabulário e interpretação que existe entre a equipe de negócio e a equipe de desenvolvedores do sistema. O uso de métodos de Arquitetura da Informação e de ontologias trazem novas alternativas para tratar tais problemas. O método de Arquitetura da Informação MAIA mostrou-se aderente ao Levantamento de Requisitos, possibilitando uma nova visão sobre o processo. Foram identificados estudos que abordam o uso de ontologias e do método MAIA que podem ser usados para apoiar o levantamento de requisitos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é propor o modelo de Elicitação de Requisitos em Ciclos (ERC), criando uma nova abordagem para a especificação de sistemas, que garanta um documento de requisitos completo, consistente e não ambíguo, e que permita suporte automatizado de conteúdo. Esta abordagem é baseada em um conjunto de melhores práticas que visam melhorar o suporte a comunicação entre as equipes e, consequentemente, o processo de Levantamento de Requisitos como um todo.
Rethinking Religious Festivals in the Era of Digital Ethnography
Authors: Cocco Chiara , Bertran Aleida
Published: May 2021

The Festival of Sant’Efisio has been carried out for centuries in Sardinia, Italy, to honor a vow made to the Saint after a plague in the seventeenth century. As a result of the global health crisis in 2020, the Festival was performed mainly through social media. Studying this event under such conditions accentuated the inherent complexity of interpreting ethnographic data from religious festivals, in which the body, emotions, and participation play a fundamental role. Emphasizing the hybridity of online and offline worlds, we reflect on how fieldwork has been transformed by COVID-19 through a reflexive account of the methodological challenges of online festival ethnography.
AULAS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA NO CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM QUÍMICA DO IFPB
Authors: Sousa Thaiane Freitas Brito de , Araújo Jéssica Mayara Vieira de , Guedes Ana Karolina Vieira de Lima , Do Nascimento Maria Helena Monteiro , Santos Keliana Dantas
Published: May 2021

Este artigo trata-se de um relato de experiência com o principal objetivo de discorrer sobre a vivência de quatro discentes do curso superior de Licenciatura em Química do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB) campus João Pessoa, durante o período de oferta das aulas não presenciais devido à pandemia de Covid-19. O curso de Licenciatura em Química, seguindo as orientações institucionais, estabeleceu as divisões das aulas por blocos, de modo a garantir uma melhor organização tanto para docentes quanto para os discentes. Neste trabalho, fizemos análise das atividades remotas ofertadas no bloco I, com início no dia 08 de setembro de 2020 e término em 09 de outubro de 2020, das seguintes disciplinas: Estágio Supervisionado III e o IV, Físico-química II e Química Ambiental, catalogadas neste trabalho como disciplinas práticas, exatas e teóricas, respectivamente. Neste contexto, foram elencadas as seguintes categorias de análise: duração e organização das aulas, metodologia do professor, incluindo recursos didáticos e avaliação da disciplina. Diante das características de cada disciplina, também analisamos como tem sido o acompanhamento dos componentes curriculares de modo geral pelas discentes. Dessa forma, colocamos em pauta os principais desafios que essa modalidade de ensino nos proporcionou face à nova realidade acadêmica,o que nos trouxe a reflexão que há um esforço mútuo de ambas as partes, tanto do professor quanto do aluno, mas apesar disto, dificilmente serão apagados os prejuízos causados durante este período sem aulas presenciais e principalmente sem atividades práticas para nós estudantes de Licenciatura em Química, no ambiente de laboratório e na atuação em sala de aula como estagiárias.
Development and validation of a patient face-mounted, negative-pressure antechamber for reducing exposure of healthcare workers to aerosolized particles during endonasal surgery
Authors: Lee Mark , Rivera-Rosario Hazel T. , Kim Matthew H. , Bewley Gregory P. , Wang Jane , Warhaft Zellman , Stylman Bradley , Park Angela I. , MacMahon Aoife , Kacker Ashutosh , Schwartz Theodore H.
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE

The authors developed a negative-pressure, patient face-mounted antechamber and tested its efficacy as a tool for sequestering aerated particles and improving the safety of endonasal surgical procedures.

METHODS

Antechamber prototyping was performed with 3D printing and silicone-elastomer molding. The lowest vacuum settings needed to meet specifications for class I biosafety cabinets (flow rate ≥ 0.38 m/sec) were determined using an anemometer. A cross-validation approach with two different techniques, optical particle sizing and high-speed videography/shadowgraphy, was used to identify the minimum pressures required to sequester aerosolized materials. At the minimum vacuum settings identified, physical parameters were quantified, including flow rate, antechamber pressure, and time to clearance.

RESULTS

The minimum tube pressures needed to meet specifications for class I biosafety cabinets were −1.0 and −14.5 mm Hg for the surgical chambers with (“closed face”) and without (“open face”) the silicone diaphragm covering the operative port, respectively. Optical particle sizing did not detect aerosol generation from surgical drilling at these vacuum settings; however, videography estimated higher thresholds required to contain aerosols, at −6 and −35 mm Hg. Simulation of surgical movement disrupted aerosol containment visualized by shadowgraphy in the open-faced but not the closed-faced version of the mask; however, the closed-face version of the mask required increased negative pressure (−15 mm Hg) to contain aerosols during surgical simulation.

CONCLUSIONS

Portable, negative-pressure surgical compartments can contain aerosols from surgical drilling with pressures attainable by standard hospital and clinic vacuums. Future studies are needed to carefully consider the reliability of different techniques for detecting aerosols.
Dandy’s hemispherectomies: historical vignette
Authors: Jusue-Torres Ignacio , Prabhu Vikram C. , Jones G. Alexander
Published: May 2021

To better understand Walter Dandy’s intentions and the historical context of his work on hemispherectomy, the authors reviewed his original 1928 publication. Gliomas were considered incurable at that time. Presuming that the loss of motor function denoted a lack of useful tissue in that hemisphere, he pioneered radical removal of the involved cerebral hemisphere. Of the 5 patients operated on by Dandy, 1 died within 48 hours of hemorrhage because of a displaced vascular clip; 1 died of pneumonia in 2 weeks; 2 died of tumor recurrence, at 3 months and 3.5 years, respectively; and a fifth patient was lost to follow-up beyond the 2nd postoperative week.

The authors queried the Thomson Reuters Web of Science and Scopus. A total of 88 papers fulfilled inclusion criteria. Half of these papers (44/88) were published after 2012. Only 11% of papers (10/88) quoted Dandy’s paper accurately; half of them were published before 1997. Most publications (76% [67/88]) quoted Dandy incorrectly, all of them from 1997 and later. In the remaining 11 papers (13%), the accuracy of the quotes was unclear. The authors found a trend toward more accurate citation in earlier papers.

Critically reviewing Dandy’s report, with an understanding of the historical context, allows a better understanding of his intentions and the value of his contribution.
OPTIMAL SUPPRESSION OF TRANSVERSE VIBRATIONS OF SPINNING ELASTIC RODS
Authors: Afanas'еv V.S. , Baniсhuk N.V.
Published: May 2021

The process of suppressing transverse vibrations of an elastic rod spinning in a horizontal plane and fixed at one of its ends is studied. It is supposed that the rod spins around the vertical axis at a constant angular velocity and performs transverse vibrations in the vertical plane, the vibrations are assumed small in amplitude. Transverse vibrations of the spinning rod are performed under external mechanical action. Lateral vibrations are described by the displacement function and considered in a rotating plane by using the classical beam model. The necessary conditions of optimality are derived and applied for suppressing elastic vibrations on a finite time-interval. The problem of optimal suppression of lateral vibrations caused by initial disturbances is formulated as a variational problem with constraints that take into account the suppressing effects on the rod.
The limiting restrictions are presented in the form of inequalities. With the introduction of an additional variable, these restrictions are reduced to standard integral equality, while taking into account the energy constraints imposed on the control actions. The proposed iterative algorithm for solving the formulated problem is a numerical-analytical algorithm and consists in minimizing the quadratic quality criterion. This criterion characterizes the vibration suppression process and allows the implementation of improving variations. As a result of the operations carried out, the dependence of the vibration suppression process on the determining parameters, such as the angular velocity of rotation, the isoperimetric energy constant, and the length of the considered process of vibration suppression in time, has been clarified. An example that illustrates the implementation of the proposed algorithm and shows the effectiveness of this method for suppressing lateral vibrations is given.
Effectivity problems of algorithmic logic
Authors: Kreczmar Antoni
Published: May 2021

In the paper we solve some effectivity problems of program schemas. Such properties of programs as, for example, the strong and the weak equivalence, the correctness and the partial correctness of a program, the halting problem are classified in Kleene-Mostowski hierarchy. A basic tool used in the paper is algorithmic logic.
M-groupoid as a tool for investigating mathematical models of computers
Authors: Tiuryn Jerzy
Published: May 2021

An M-groupoid is a simplified model of computer. The classes of M-groupoids, address machines, stored program computers and iterative systems are presented as categories – by a suitable choice of homomorphisms. It is shown that the first three categories are equivalent, whereas the fourth is weaker (it is not equivalent to the previous ones and it can easily be embedded in the category of M-groupoids). This fact proves that M-groupoids form an essentially better and reasonably simple approximation of more complicated models of computers than iterative systems.
Information storage and retrieval systems with incomplete information I
Authors: Jaegermann Michał
Published: May 2021

In the paper is developed a theory of information storage and retrieval systems which arise in situations when a whole possessed information amounts to a fact that a given document has some feature from properly chosen set. Such systems are described as suitable maps from descriptor algebras into sets of subsets of sets of documents. Since descriptor algebras turn out to be pseudo-Boolean algebras, hence an “inner logic” of our systems is intuitionistic. In the paper is given a construction of systems and are considered theirs properties. We will show also (in Part II) a formalized theory of such systems.
Common extension of Boolean informational systems
Authors: Traczyk Tadeusz
Published: May 2021

The notion of numerical characterization of Boolean algebras and coproducts are used to define information systems and to develop the theory of such systems.
The algebraic properties of nets from a program-theoretical point of view
Authors: Grabowski Michał
Published: May 2021

By a net (in a sense of Blikle) we mean a complete lattice with a continuous and distributive semigroup operation called composition. The paper contains an investigation of algebraic properties of nets and Mazurkiewicz algorithms over nets. The free objects and the amalgamation property are analysed. It is proved (on the basis of an appropriate theorem from the theory of formal languages) that a certain equivalence of schemas of finite-control Mazurkiewicz algorithms is not partially solvable.
Fixed-points and algebras with infinitely long expressions: Part I. Regular algebras
Authors: Tiuryn Jerzy
Published: May 2021

This paper introduces a class of algebras (called the class of regular algebras), in which the algebra of regular trees (unfoldments of monadic program schemes) is an initial algebra. This means that we have for the above-mentioned class “semantics” of monadic program schemes. We show how to treat, in a unified way, such concepts as: monadic and recursive monadic program schemes, regular and context-free languages. On the other hand, the investigation of the properties of regular algebras may be of intrinsic interest, in particular this leads to a very nice generalization of the notion of a polynomial in an algebra. These “new” polynomials, in general, are determined by infinitely long expressions, and existence of such polynomials in the class of regular algebras is closely connected with the property that every finite tuple of algebraic mappings has a least fixed-point which is obtainable as a least upper bound of a denumerable chain of “approximations”.
On probabilistic automata in deterministic environment
Authors: Gould Jerren , Wegman Edward J.
Published: May 2021

We establish the basic notion of automata in environments and solve some of the basic problems in the general theory of automata in deterministic environment (ADE). ADE are, in general, stronger than probabilistic automata. In an effort to find when an ADE and a PA have the same capability, we introduce the concept of simulation of an ADE by a PA. Every ADE with a finite environment set can be simulated by a PA (Theorem 1). There are sets which cannot be defined by PA but can be defined by ADE with finite environment sets and, hence, can be simulated by a PA. ADE for which the environment can be reduced to a finite set can be simulated by a PA (Theorem 2). The set of stochastic matrices is a semi-group. We investigate the case where the environment set is also a semi-group and the transition function is a homomorphism between the semi-groups. If the semi-group environment set can be generated by a finite set, then the ADE can be simulated by a PA (Theorem 3). The continuous time PA of Knast [2] is seen to be a special case of the ADE.
On metalinear ETOL systems
Authors: Rozenberg Grzegorz , Vermeir Dirk
Published: May 2021

The concept of metalinearity in ETOL systems is investigated. Some structural characterizations, a pumping lemma and the closure properties of the resulting class of languages are established. Finally, some applications in the theory of L systems of finite index are provided.
Functional automata
Authors: Rytter Wojciech
Published: May 2021

Functional automata are models of algorithms of a certain class. The following problems concerning functional automata are presented and solved in the paper: 1. The problem of minimization of functional automat. 2. The problem of the existence of the nondeterministic functional automaton nonequivalent to any deterministic one. 3. The problem of optimal control for the functional automaton. 4. The problem of the existence of a universal automaton.
Algorithmic logic with nondeterministic programs1
Authors: Mirkowska Grażyna
Published: May 2021

Algorithmic properties of nondeterministic programs are studied and axiomatized completely. Nondeterministic programs require two kinds of algorithmic formulas describing their behaviour: ΔKa – all computations of the program K are finite and all results satisfy a and ∇Ka – there exists a finite computation such that its result satisfies the formula a.
Some remarks on deterministic Mazurkiewicz algorithms and languages associated with them
Authors: Janicki Ryszard
Published: May 2021

The paper deals with a class of programs called deterministic Mazurkiewicz algorithms. It considers languages associated with such algorithms by using symbols instead of actual relations and concatenation of words rather than composition of actual relations. It is shown that the class of languages so generated is precisely the class of simple context-free languages of Korenjak and Hoperoft [8].