bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental Perception of Remote Education in Pandemic: An Analysis Based on Children’s Cognitive Performance
Authors: Bonilla-Santos Jasmin , González-Hernández Alfredis , Cala-Martinez Dorian Yisela , Gómez Morales Duvan Fernando , Padilla-García Tatiana
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed patterns of human interaction, including in the educational sector, which was forced to transform relationships among students, families, and the academic community. The present study sought to establish the interrelationships between performance on cognitive tests during the preschool stage and the perceptions of parents about remote education in school children during the pandemic. The study included 100 preschool children from socially vulnerable sectors who underwent remote and distance learning in 2020 and 2021. The reliability of the applied questionnaire was determined through a confirmatory factor analysis. A structural equation model was constructed to determine the perceptions of parents about remote education based on cognitive performance during the preschool stage. The model fit yielded favorable results for predictive variables (χ2 = 7.734, DF = 9 [p = 0.561], the comparative goodness-of-fit index [CFI] = 1.000, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.000, standardized mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.069), and executive function (χ2 = 3.711, DF = 5 [p > 0.592], CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.000, SRMR = 0.039) as latent variables that affected parents’ perceptions. These results indicate that parents’ perceptions of remote education are mediated by predictive aspects of learning and executive function during the preschool stage.
Effect of a Physical Education Teacher’s Autonomy Support on Self-Esteem in Secondary-School Students: The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Granero-Gallegos Antonio , Gómez-López Manuel , Manzano-Sánchez David
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of emotional intelligence between the perception of autonomy support from physical education teachers and self-esteem (positive and negative) in secondary-school physical education students. The study design was observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional. In total, 1069 secondary-school physical education students participated (Mage = 14.55; SD = 1.54) (51.2% female; 48.8% male). The following scales were used: The Learning Climate Questionnaire adapted to Physical Education (i.e., autonomy support), the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (i.e., emotional attention, emotional clarity, and emotional repair), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (positive self-esteem, negative self-esteem). A structural equation model was performed with the latent variables controlled by age, sex, and the students’ educational centre. The main results indicate that the explained variance was 37% for positive self-esteem and 26% for negative self-esteem. In addition, autonomy support directly predicts emotional intelligence (p < 0.05) and positive self-esteem (p < 0.001). On the other hand, all indirect effects of autonomy support on self-esteem across emotional intelligence were significant at p < 0.001. Finally, emotional clarity and emotional repair had a mediating effect on self-esteem, and it improves the total effect of autonomy support on positive self-esteem with values of β = 0.14 and β = 0.19, respectively, and a value of β = −0.07 and β = −0.06 for negative self-esteem. The findings reveal the necessity to improve emotional clarity and emotional repair in secondary-school students in improving positive self-esteem through the perception of autonomy support from the physical education teacher.
“Are You a Boy or a Girl?”—A Missing Response Analysis
Authors: Heinz Andreas , Költő András , Taylor Ashley B. , Chan Ace
Published: October 2023

Many adolescent health surveys ask if respondents are male or female. Non-response may be due to fear of de-anonymisation or being a gender-nonconforming youth. The present study investigates the frequency of non-response and its potential reasons. To this end, data from 54,833 adolescents aged 11–18 from six countries, participating in the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, were analysed. Respondents were divided into three groups: (1) “Responders” who answered both questions on age and gender, (2) “Age non-responders” who did not answer the question on age, and (3) “Gender non-responders” who answered the question on age but not the one on gender. These groups were compared regarding their non-response to other questions and regarding their health. Overall, 98.0% were responders, 1.6% were age non-responders and 0.4% were gender non-responders. On average, age non-responders skipped more questions (4.2 out or 64) than gender non-responders (3.2) and responders (2.1). Gender non-responders reported more psychosomatic complaints, more frequent substance use and lower family support than responders. This study shows that age and gender non-responders differ in their response styles, suggesting different reasons for skipping the gender question. The health disparities found between the groups suggest that further research should use a more nuanced approach, informed by LGBT+ youth’s insights, to measure sex assigned at birth and gender identity.
Numerical Solution of the Retrospective Inverse Parabolic Problem on Disjoint Intervals
Authors: Koleva Miglena N. , Vulkov Lubin G.
Published: October 2023

The retrospective inverse problem for evolution equations is formulated as the reconstruction of unknown initial data by a given solution at the final time. We consider the inverse retrospective problem for a one-dimensional parabolic equation in two disconnected intervals with weak solutions in weighted Sobolev spaces. The two solutions are connected with nonstandard interface conditions, and thus this problem is solved in the whole spatial region. Such a problem, as with other inverse problems, is ill-posed, and for its numerical solution, specific techniques have to be used. The direct problem is first discretized by a difference scheme which provides a second order of approximation in space. For the resulting ordinary differential equation system, the positive coerciveness is established. Next, we develop an iterative conjugate gradient method to solve the ill-posed systems of the difference equations, which are obtained after weighted time discretization, of the inverse problem. Test examples with noisy input data are discussed.
Time-Dependent Two-Dimensional Model of Overlimiting Mass Transfer in Electromembrane Systems Based on the Nernst–Planck, Displacement Current and Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Uzdenova Aminat
Published: October 2023

Electromembrane processes underlie the functioning of electrodialysis devices and nano- and microfluidic devices, the scope of which is steadily expanding. One of the main aspects that determine the effectiveness of membrane systems is the choice of the optimal electrical mode. The solution of this problem, along with experimental studies, requires tools for the theoretical analysis of ion-transport processes in various electrical modes. The system of Nernst–Planck–Poisson and Navier–Stokes (NPP–NS) equations is widely used to describe the overlimiting mass transfer associated with the development of electroconvection. This paper proposes a new approach to describe the electrical mode in a membrane system using the displacement current equation. The equation for the displacement current makes it possible to simulate the galvanodynamic mode, in which the electric field is determined by the given current density. On the basis of the system of Nernst–Planck, displacement current and Navier–Stokes (NPD–NS) equations, a model of the electroconvective overlimiting mass transfer in the diffusion layer at the surface of the ion-exchange membrane in the DC current mode was constructed. Mathematical models based on the NPP–NS and NPD–NS equations, formulated to describe the same physical situation of mass transfer in the membrane system, differ in the peculiarities of numerical solution. At overlimiting currents, the required accuracy of the numerical solution is achieved in the approach based on the NPP–NS equations with a smaller time step than the NPD–NS equation approach. The accuracy of calculating the current density at the boundaries parallel to the membrane surface is higher for the model based on the NPD–NS equations compared to the model based on the NPP–NS equations.
Neuroblastoma Interaction with the Tumour Microenvironment and Its Implications for Treatment and Disease Progression
Authors: Jahangiri Leila
Published: October 2023

Neuroblastoma, a paediatric malignancy of the peripheral nervous system, displays a wide range of clinical outcomes, including regression to fatality despite extensive treatment. Neuroblastoma tumours display a complex interplay with their surrounding environment, known as the tumour microenvironment, which may affect disease progression and patient prognosis. This study aimed to dissect the ways in which neuroblastoma biology, treatment, prognosis, progression, and relapse are linked with the extracellular matrix, the dichotomous identities of neuroblastoma, various regulatory proteins and RNA, and extracellular vesicles within the backdrop of the tumour microenvironment. In addition, other aspects, such as immune cell infiltration, therapeutic options including monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors; and the ways in which these may affect disease progression and immunosuppression within the context of the neuroblastoma tumour microenvironment, are addressed. Such studies may shed light on useful therapeutic targets within the tumour microenvironment that may benefit groups of NB patients. Ultimately, a detailed understanding of these aspects will enable the neuroblastoma scientific community to improve treatment options, patient outcomes, and quality of life.
Early Fault Detection of Rolling Bearings Based on Time-Varying Filtering Empirical Mode Decomposition and Adaptive Multipoint Optimal Minimum Entropy Deconvolution Adjusted
Authors: Song Shuo , Wang Wenbo
Published: October 2023

Due to the early formation of rolling bearing fault characteristics in an environment with strong background noise, the single use of the time-varying filtering empirical mode decomposition (TVFEMD) method is not effective for the extraction of fault characteristics. To solve this problem, a new method for early fault detection of rolling bearings is proposed, which combines multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjusted (MOMEDA) with parameter optimization and TVFEMD. Firstly, a new weighted envelope spectrum kurtosis index is constructed using the correlation coefficient and envelope spectrum kurtosis, which is used to identify the effective component and noise component of the bearing fault signal decomposed by TVFEMD, and the intrinsic mode function (IMF) containing rich fault information is selected for reconstruction. Then, a new synthetic impact index (SII) is constructed by combining the maximum value of the autocorrelation function and the kurtosis of the envelope spectrum. The SII index is used as the fitness function of the gray wolf optimization algorithm to optimize the fault period, T, and the filter length, L, of MOMDEA. The signal reconstructed by TVF-EMD undergoes adaptive filtering using the MOMEDA method after parameter optimization. Finally, an envelope spectrum analysis is performed on the signal filtered by the adaptive MOMEDA method to extract fault feature information. The experimental results of the simulated and measured signals indicate that this method can effectively extract early fault features of rolling bearings and has good reliability. Compared to the classical FSK, MCKD, and TVFEMD-MOMEDA methods, the first-order correlated kurtosis (FCK) and fault feature coefficient (FFC) of the filtered signal obtained using the proposed method are the largest, while the sample entropy (SE) and envelope spectrum entropy (ESE) are the smallest.
The Fundamental Tension in Integrated Information Theory 4.0’s Realist Idealism
Authors: Cea Ignacio , Negro Niccolo , Signorelli Camilo Miguel
Published: October 2023

Integrated Information Theory (IIT) is currently one of the most influential scientific theories of consciousness. Here, we focus specifically on a metaphysical aspect of the theory’s most recent version (IIT 4.0), what we may call its idealistic ontology, and its tension with a kind of realism about the external world that IIT also endorses. IIT 4.0 openly rejects the mainstream view that consciousness is generated by the brain, positing instead that consciousness is ontologically primary while the physical domain is just “operational”. However, this philosophical position is presently underdeveloped and is not rigorously formulated in IIT, potentially leading to many misinterpretations and undermining its overall explanatory power. In the present paper we aim to address this issue. We argue that IIT’s idealistic ontology should be understood as a specific combination of phenomenal primitivism, reductionism regarding Φ-structures and complexes, and eliminativism about non-conscious physical entities. Having clarified this, we then focus on the problematic tension between IIT’s idealistic ontology and its simultaneous endorsement of realism, according to which there is some kind of external reality independent of our minds. After refuting three potential solutions to this theoretical tension, we propose the most plausible alternative: understanding IIT’s realism as an assertion of the existence of other experiences beyond one’s own, what we call a non-solipsistic idealist realism. We end with concluding remarks and future research avenues.
Communication, Language, and Modality in the Education of Deaf Students
Authors: Mayer Connie C. , Trezek Beverly J.
Published: October 2023

In the history of deaf education, questions attending communication, language, and modality have generated much discussion, and even heated debate. This should not be surprising as these questions touch on a fundamental issue that is central to policy and practice in the field—how to provide early, ready, and meaningful linguistic access. While one point of agreement is that such access is vital for age-appropriate language and literacy development, there is less consensus on how this access should be realized. This focus has heightened consequences and significance in the current context in which auditory access to spoken language is possible for the majority of deaf children. With a goal of reframing the conversation, the focus of this article will be on making the critical distinctions between language and modality that can inform understandings as to how access can be best achieved for an increasingly diverse population of deaf children and their families.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Millimeter Wave Networks: Cell Association and Coverage Analysis
Authors: Zhao Donglai , Wang Gang , Wang Jinlong , Zhou Zhiquan
Published: October 2023

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is emerging as a promising technology to achieve coverage enhancement. This paper develops a tractable analytical framework based on stochastic geometry for performance analysis of RIS-assisted millimeter wave networks. Based on the framework, a two-step cell association criterion is proposed, and the analytical expressions of the user association probability and the coverage probability in general scenarios are derived. In addition, the closed-form expressions of the two performance metrics in special cases are also provided. The simulation results verify the accuracy of the theoretically derived analytical expressions, and reveal the superiority of deploying RISs in millimeter wave networks and the effectiveness of the proposed cell association scheme to improve coverage. Furthermore, the effects of the RIS parameters and the BS density on coverage performance are also investigated.
A Portable Robotic System for Ankle Joint Rehabilitation
Authors: Nursultan Zhetenbayev , Marco Ceccarelli , Balbayev Gani
Published: October 2023

The design of a new exoskeleton is presented based on four electric linear actuators for the flexion motion range of the ankle of a user. The exoskeleton system is designed to be easy to operate and fairly inexpensive so that it can be used as a tool for exercising and the rehabilitation of the ankle. A prototype of the ankle exoskeleton is presented with its electrical circuit and components, such as servomotors, microcontrollers, sensors, and power supplies. The prototype is distinguished by an innovative design, which uses linear electric actuators for angular-assisted motion, providing a controlled adaptive movement of the ankle joint in its basic movements, separately and combined. The key elements of the ankle exoskeleton prototype consist of a lower leg housing, front and rear servomotor mounts, and ball joints with the aim of mimicking and supporting the natural movements of the ankle for users with walking and mobility problems. The innovation of the proposed work can be recognized in the portable mechanical design with a proper mechatronic design with four actuators that control ankle motion in all its possibilities.
Trajectory and Phase Shift Optimization for RIS-Equipped UAV in FSO Communications with Atmospheric and Pointing Error Loss
Authors: Jia Haocheng , Chen Gaojie , Huang Chong , Dang Shuping , Chambers Jonathon A.
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a new framework for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-equipped unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in free-space optical (FSO) communication. To ensure practicality, we consider atmospheric loss caused by fog, which leads to an inhomogeneous medium for laser propagation. In addition, we incorporate the pointing error loss caused by the power fraction on the photodetector (PD) into the system and derive a closed-form expression for the elliptical beam footprint in the pointing error loss. We then propose a leading angle assisted particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to efficiently optimize the numerical results of pointing error loss. Furthermore, after obtaining these numerical results as a precondition, the UAV trajectory is optimized using the proximal policy optimization (PPO) method to achieve the maximum average capacity. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed optimization method achieves greater efficiency and accuracy compared to the decode-and-forward (DF) relay and deep Q-learning (DQN) methods.
Requirements and Trade-Offs of Compression Techniques in Key–Value Stores: A Survey
Authors: Jaranilla Charles , Choi Jongmoo
Published: October 2023

The prevalence of big data has caused a notable surge in both the diversity and magnitude of data. Consequently, this has prompted the emergence and advancement of two distinct technologies: unstructured data management and data volume reduction. Key–value stores, such as Google’s LevelDB and Meta’s RocksDB, have emerged as a popular solution for managing unstructured data due to their ability to handle diverse data types with a simple key–value abstraction. Simultaneously, a multitude of data management tools have actively adopted compression techniques, such as Snappy and Zstd, to effectively reduce data volume. The objective of this study is to explore how these two technologies influence each other. For this purpose, we first examine a classification of compression techniques and discuss their strength and weakness, especially those adopted by modern key–value stores. We also investigate the internal structures and operations, such as batch writing and compaction, in order to grasp the characteristics of key–value stores. Then, we quantitatively evaluate the compression ratio and performance using RocksDB under diverse compression techniques, block sizes, value sizes, and workloads. Our evaluation shows that compression not only saves storage space but also decreases compaction overhead. It also reveals that compression techniques have their inherent trade-offs, meaning that some provide a better compression ratio, while others yield better compression performance. Based on our evaluation, a number of potential avenues for further research have been identified. These include the exploration of a compression-aware compaction mechanism, selective compression, and revisiting compression granularity.
Spatial Blockchain: Enhancing Spatial Queries and Applications through Integrating Blockchain and Spatial Database Technologies
Authors: Bao Yi , Gui Zhiming , Sun Zhongxiang , An Zhengyang , Huang Zhou
Published: October 2023

The fusion of spatial data with blockchain technologies presents an innovative approach towards a decentralized, secure, and trustworthy framework for spatial information management. This integration brings spatial representation to the forefront of blockchain, opening avenues for various sectorial applications. However, challenges like slow processing times, restricted query capabilities, and consistency issues have been identified within the blockchain system. Addressing these challenges, we propose an optimized method for spatial queries by leveraging the high-performance capabilities of spatial databases. Unlike conventional off-chain query techniques, our approach synergistically combines hyperledger fabric with a specialized spatial database. This fusion facilitates distributed spatial queries within blockchain framework, incorporating spatial operation functionalities into smart contracts while preserving the distributed nature of nodes and spatial databases. Enhancing system security, we incorporate a dual-stage verification mechanism alongside a salt-hash storage strategy to counteract potential unauthorized alterations. Initial results validate the efficacy of our methodology in terms of performance and security. Building on this foundation, we introduce a rental transaction system that effectively merges spatial data with blockchain, demonstrating the feasibility and potential of integrating spatial information into the blockchain, especially in the realm of real estate.
Forecasting and Scenario Analysis of Carbon Emissions in Key Industries: A Case Study in Henan Province, China
Authors: Guo Yilin , Hou Zhengmeng , Fang Yanli , Wang Qichen , Huang Liangchao , Luo Jiashun , Shi Tianle , Sun Wei
Published: October 2023

In a global context where sustainable growth is imperative, understanding carbon emissions in significant regions is essential. Henan Province, being a vital region in China for population, agriculture, industry, and energy consumption, plays a crucial role in this understanding. This study, rooted in the need to identify strategies that not only meet China’s broader carbon neutrality objectives but also offer insights regarding global sustainability models, utilizes the STIRPAT model combined with scenario analysis. The aim was to forecast carbon emission trajectories from 2020 to 2060 across the key industries—electricity, steel, cement, transportation, coal, and chemical—that are responsible for over 80% of the total emissions in Henan. The findings suggest a varied carbon peak timeline: the steel and cement industries might achieve their peak before 2025, and the transportation, coal, and chemical sectors might achieve theirs around 2030, whereas that of the power industry could be delayed until 2033. Significantly, by 2060—a landmark year for Chinese carbon neutrality ambitions—only the electricity sector in Henan shows potential for zero emissions under an extreme scenario. This study’s results underscore the importance of region-specific strategies for achieving global carbon neutrality and offer a blueprint for other populous, industrialized regions worldwide.
Spatiotemporal Pattern Evolution of Food and Nutrient Production in China
Authors: Qi Yumei , Qiang Wenli , Ma Xing
Published: October 2023

Ensuring food and nutrient supply is a crucial aspect of achieving food safety. With rapid population growth, urbanization, and social and economic development, the challenges related to China’s food and nutrient production have become increasingly prominent. This paper analyzed the characteristics of the spatiotemporal pattern evolution of food and nutrient production in China from 1995 to 2020, utilizing the conversion of various food nutrients and the establishment of a gravity center model. The results showed that: (1) Food production exhibited increasing trends in China, six regions, and 90% of the provinces. Notably, the structure of food production underwent significant changes in China, East China, Central-South China, Southwest China, Northwest China, and 60% of the provinces. (2) The output of all categories of food nutrients demonstrated increasing trends in China, six regions, and most provinces. At three different geographical scales, the changes of six food nutrients production structure showed significant differences. (3) Natural, political, social, economic, and technological factors played pivotal roles in influencing the gravity centers of food and nutrient production in China. The gravity centers of cereal production shifted northeast, while those of root and tuber, oil crops, and stimulants production moved westward. Additionally, the gravity centers of sugar crop, pulse, vegetable, fruit, and aquatic product production moved southwest and those of livestock and poultry production shifted northward. (4) Affected by the food production, the gravity centers of food energy, food protein, and food carbohydrate production shifted northward, while those of food fat, food vitamins, and food minerals production shifted northwest, southwest, and westward, respectively. The results of this study are of great significance for policy adjustments pertaining to the distribution pattern of food production, food security stability, and sustainable development in China.
Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control for Consensus of Nonlinear Fractional-Order Multi-Agent Systems with Diffusion
Authors: Yang Yuqian , Qi Qingwen , Hu Jingyao , Dai Jiashu , Yang Chengdong
Published: October 2023

This paper mainly studies fault-tolerant control for a class of semi-linear fractional-order multi-agent systems with diffusion characteristics, where the actuator fault is considered. The adaptive fault-tolerant control protocol based on the adjacency relationship of agents is firstly designed, which can adjust the coupling gain online through the adaptive mechanism. Using the Lyapunov stability theory, the adaptive fault-tolerant control protocol can drive the agents to achieve consensus for leader-following and leaderless cases. Finally, the simulation experiment is carried out, showing the effectiveness of the proposed theory.
Body Horror in Octavia E. Butler’s Clay’s Ark
Authors: Troy Maria Holmgren
Published: October 2023

African American science fiction writer Octavia E. Butler’s works have attracted a great deal of academic interest since the 1990s onwards. Clay’s Ark (1984), however, has not gained as much scholarly attention as some of her other novels, and the centrality of Gothic aspects, in particular those related to body horror, has not been addressed. By focusing on how these aspects inform the structure, setting, and characters’ actions and relationships in this novel about an extraterrestrial infection that threatens and changes humanity, this article demonstrates how Butler employs and adapts strategies and conventions of Gothic horror and body horror in order to explore various attitudes towards difference and transformation, paralleling these with a particular brand of antiblack racism growing out of American slavery. Although the 1980s are already receding into American history, and a few aspects of the imagined twenty-first century in this novel may feel dated today (while many are uncomfortably close to home), Clay’s Ark is a prime example of how aspects of popular culture genres and media—such as science fiction, the Gothic, and horror films—can be employed in an American novel to worry, question, and destabilize ingrained historical and cultural patterns.
Health Management: Evaluating the Relationship between Organizational Factors, Psychosocial Risks at Work, Performance Management, and Hospital Outcomes
Authors: Gaspar Tânia , Gomez-Baya Diego , Guedes Fábio Botelho , Correia Manuela Faia
Published: October 2023

Introduction—Health system (HS) health organizations are complex and are in constant dynamic interaction with multiple elements, including political, environmental, societal, legal, and organizational factors, along with human components, such as human resources, patients, and other stakeholders. Objective—This research aimed to study three HS organizations, identifying and characterizing the elements of health organizations and the factors related to professionals, determining their influence on economic and financial performance results, as well as results related to the professionals and to the patients comprising the institutions. Method—A quantitative study was conducted in which data were collected through questionnaires from various sources to better understand and characterize the factors related to organizations, professionals, and patients (470 health professionals and 768 patients). To test the integrated evaluation model for health organizations, path analysis was used. Results—The results reveal that the organizational culture (OC) presents a positive relationship between the professional’s quality of life (QL) and the performance management (PM) of the professionals, along with a negative relationship with the psychosocial work risks (PWR). There is also a relationship between the OC and patient satisfaction (PS), professional job satisfaction (PJS), and economic and financial results (EFR). In the relationship between the processes and the results, there are significant relationships between PM and PJS and PWR and PJS. In terms of the results, there is a significant relationship between the EFR and the PS. Conclusions—This study contributes to a deeper knowledge of the factors that influence the quality of health organizations and their results and produces recommendations for health organizations to address the current challenges.
Factors Associated with Parenting Adaptability in Facing the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Study on Portuguese Parents
Authors: Antunes Ana P. , Martins Silvana , Almeida Ana T.
Published: October 2023

Parenting was drastically challenged during the COVID-19 pandemic as families complied with the consequent containment for sanitary and social reasons. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among self-report measures (co-parenting, emotional experience and parental support network) and the employment condition (teleworking parents and at-home parents with governmental leave aid) that might be associated with the everyday life change, and their contribution towards family’s daily routines during the first COVID-19 lockdown. A sample of 878 parents (90.2% mothers), aged from 21 to 61 years (39.58 ± 6.08), and mainly of Portuguese nationality (97.2%), was gathered through an online survey. Participants completed sociodemographic data and answered questions related to four positive parenting dimensions (Daily routines, Co-parenting, Emotional experience, and Support network) rating on a five-point Likert scale how much their behavior changed during the lockdown. Descriptive statistics and multilinear regression models were tested as well as a mediation model. The results showed that Emotional experience, Co-parenting, and Support network played an important role in family Daily routines, reinforcing that the first COVID-19 lockdown was lived differently by parents according to their employment conditions. Furthermore, the pathways model of factors associated with parental adaptability is suggestive that the direct effect of Emotional experience on Daily routines is partially mediated by Co-parenting and Support network. In line with previous studies on the complexity and dynamic ecology of parenting, the reported indicators showcase the interrelated facets of parenting and its corresponding support needs. Further, clear indicators for the design of family support interventions and family resilience enhancement to stressor events are discussed.
Blockholdings, Dividend Policy, Stock Returns and Return Volatility: Evidence from the UAE
Authors: Butt Umar , Chamberlain Trevor William
Published: October 2023

This paper examines the relationship between the presence of blockholdings and stock returns and return volatility in the United Arab Emirates. Earlier studies report mixed results for the direction of the relationships across both developed and emerging markets. This study focuses specifically on these relationships in a dividend policy framework. This study further investigates the role of blockholder type by distinguishing between government, individual and corporate blockholders. Our results indicate that blockholder ownership reduces stock return volatility for both non-dividend-paying and dividend-paying stocks, does not impact returns and is not perceived as expropriating the wealth of other investors. We also conclude that the blockholders do not exhibit rent-seeking behavior through the extraction of dividends and investors in UAE firms embrace the role of blockholders and the reinvestment of profits.
Phylogenetic Analysis and Characterization of Diguanylate Cyclase and Phosphodiesterase in Planktonic Filamentous Cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp.
Authors: Wang Kang , Li Wenjun , Cui Hongli , Qin Song
Published: October 2023

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger of intracellular communication in bacterial species, which widely modulates diverse cellular processes. However, little is known about the c-di-GMP network in filamentous multicellular cyanobacteria. In this study, we preliminarily investigated the c-di-GMP turnover proteins in Arthrospira based on published protein data. Bioinformatics results indicate the presence of at least 149 potential turnover proteins in five Arthrospira subspecies. Some proteins are highly conserved in all tested Arthrospira, whereas others are specifically found only in certain subspecies. To further validate the protein catalytic activity, we constructed a riboswitch-based c-di-GMP expression assay system in Escherichia coli and confirmed that a GGDEF domain protein, Adc11, exhibits potential diguanylate cyclase activity. Moreover, we also evaluated a protein with a conserved HD-GYP domain, Ahd1, the expression of which significantly improved the swimming ability of E. coli. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay also showed that overexpression of Ahd1 reduced the intracellular concentration of c-di-GMP, which is presumed to exhibit phosphodiesterase activity. Notably, meta-analyses of transcriptomes suggest that Adc11 and Ahd1 are invariable. Overall, this work confirms the possible existence of a functional c-di-GMP network in Arthrospira, which will provide support for the revelation of the biological function of the c-di-GMP system in Arthrospira.
T Cell Receptor Chain Centricity: The Phenomenon and Potential Applications in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Kalinina Anastasiia A. , Khromykh Ludmila M. , Kazansky Dmitry B.
Published: October 2023

T cells are crucial players in adaptive anti-cancer immunity. The gene modification of T cells with tumor antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) was a milestone in personalized cancer immunotherapy. TCR is a heterodimer (either α/β or γ/δ) able to recognize a peptide antigen in a complex with self-MHC molecules. Although traditional concepts assume that an α- and β-chain contribute equally to antigen recognition, mounting data reveal that certain receptors possess chain centricity, i.e., one hemi-chain TCR dominates antigen recognition and dictates its specificity. Chain-centric TCRs are currently poorly understood in terms of their origin and the functional T cell subsets that express them. In addition, the ratio of α- and β-chain-centric TCRs, as well as the exact proportion of chain-centric TCRs in the native repertoire, is generally still unknown today. In this review, we provide a retrospective analysis of studies that evidence chain-centric TCRs, propose patterns of their generation, and discuss the potential applications of such receptors in T cell gene modification for adoptive cancer immunotherapy.
The Crosstalk between Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and Hepatocytes in Homeostasis and under Stress
Authors: Kholodenko Irina V. , Kholodenko Roman V. , Yarygin Konstantin N.
Published: October 2023

Liver diseases, characterized by high morbidity and mortality, represent a substantial medical problem globally. The current therapeutic approaches are mainly aimed at reducing symptoms and slowing down the progression of the diseases. Organ transplantation remains the only effective treatment method in cases of severe liver pathology. In this regard, the development of new effective approaches aimed at stimulating liver regeneration, both by activation of the organ’s own resources or by different therapeutic agents that trigger regeneration, does not cease to be relevant. To date, many systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been published confirming the effectiveness of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation in the treatment of liver diseases of various severities and etiologies. However, despite the successful use of MSCs in clinical practice and the promising therapeutic results in animal models of liver diseases, the mechanisms of their protective and regenerative action remain poorly understood. Specifically, data about the molecular agents produced by these cells and mediating their therapeutic action are fragmentary and often contradictory. Since MSCs or MSC-like cells are found in all tissues and organs, it is likely that many key intercellular interactions within the tissue niches are dependent on MSCs. In this context, it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying communication between MSCs and differentiated parenchymal cells of each particular tissue. This is important both from the perspective of basic science and for the development of therapeutic approaches involving the modulation of the activity of resident MSCs. With regard to the liver, the research is concentrated on the intercommunication between MSCs and hepatocytes under normal conditions and during the development of the pathological process. The goals of this review were to identify the key factors mediating the crosstalk between MSCs and hepatocytes and determine the possible mechanisms of interaction of the two cell types under normal and stressful conditions. The analysis of the hepatocyte–MSC interaction showed that MSCs carry out chaperone-like functions, including the synthesis of the supportive extracellular matrix proteins; prevention of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis; support of regeneration; elimination of lipotoxicity and ER stress; promotion of antioxidant effects; and donation of mitochondria. The underlying mechanisms suggest very close interdependence, including even direct cytoplasm and organelle exchange.
Vitamin B12-Induced Autophagy Alleviates High Glucose-Mediated Apoptosis of Islet β Cells
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chu Ling , Zhou Xi’an , Xu Tingxia , Shen Qingwu , Li Tao , Wu Yanyang
Published: October 2023

High glucose levels can lead to the apoptosis of islet β cells, while autophagy can provide cytoprotection and promote autophagic cell death. Vitamin B12, a water-soluble B vitamin, has been shown to regulate insulin secretion and increase insulin sensitivity. However, the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of vitamin B12 on high glucose-induced apoptosis and autophagy in RIN-m5F cells to elucidate how vitamin B12 modulates insulin release. Our results demonstrate that exposure to 45 mM glucose led to a significant increase in the apoptosis rate of RIN-m5F cells. The treatment with vitamin B12 reduced the apoptosis rate and increased the number of autophagosomes. Moreover, vitamin B12 increased the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta to microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (LC3-II/LC3-I), while decreasing the amount of sequestosome 1 (p62) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) under both normal- and high-glucose conditions. The additional experiments revealed that vitamin B12 inhibited high glucose-induced apoptosis. Notably, this protective effect was attenuated when the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine was introduced. Our findings suggest that vitamin B12 protects islet β cells against apoptosis induced by high glucose levels, possibly by inducing autophagy.
Cytokine Levels in Saliva Are Associated with Salivary Gland Fibrosis and Hyposalivation in Mice after Fractionated Radiotherapy of the Head and Neck
Authors: Zlygosteva Olga , Juvkam Inga Solgård , Aass Hans Christian D. , Galtung Hilde K. , Søland Tine M. , Malinen Eirik , Edin Nina F. J.
Published: October 2023

Cytokines are mediators of inflammation that could lead to fibrosis. The aim was to monitor cytokine levels in saliva and serum after locally fractionated radiotherapy of the head and neck in mice and investigate associations with salivary gland fibrosis and hyposalivation. C57BL/6 mice were randomized to sham or X-ray irradiation of 66 Gy in 10 fractions over 5 days. Blood and saliva were collected on days −7, 5, 35, 80, and 105 following cytokine analysis. The harvested submandibular salivary gland was assessed for the presence of fibrosis. Decision tree regression analysis was used to investigate whether cytokine levels could predict late endpoints in terms of hyposalivation or fibrosis. Significant formation of fibrosis in gland tissue and reduced saliva production was found after irradiation. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, TNF, TIMP1, G-CSF, KC, and MIP-1α showed increased levels in saliva in irradiated mice and a strong correlation with late endpoints. The decision tree analysis largely separated controls from irradiated animals, with IL-1α being the strongest predictor. Pro-inflammatory cytokines in saliva, but not in serum, were associated with late endpoints. This indicates that cytokine expression in saliva is a good biomarker for local salivary gland damage with IL-1α as the strongest single predictor.
Rational Design, Synthesis and Binding Affinity Studies of Anthraquinone Derivatives Conjugated to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogues towards Selective Immunosuppression of Hormone-Dependent Cancer
Authors: Biniari Georgia , Markatos Christos , Nteli Agathi , Tzoupis Haralambos , Simal Carmen , Vlamis-Gardikas Alexios , Karageorgos Vlasios , Pirmettis Ioannis , Petrou Panagiota , Venihaki Maria , Liapakis George , Tselios Theodore
Published: October 2023

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is pivotal in regulating human reproduction and fertility through its specific receptors. Among these, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor type I (GnRHR I), which is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family, is expressed on the surface of both healthy and malignant cells. Its presence in cancer cells has positioned this receptor as a primary target for the development of novel anti-cancer agents. Moreover, the extensive regulatory functions of GnRH have underscored decapeptide as a prominent vehicle for targeted drug delivery, which is accomplished through the design of appropriate conjugates. On this basis, a rationally designed series of anthraquinone/mitoxantrone–GnRH conjugates (con1–con8) has been synthesized herein. Their in vitro binding affinities range from 0.06 to 3.42 nM, with six of them (con2–con7) demonstrating higher affinities for GnRH than the established drug leuprolide (0.64 nM). Among the mitoxantrone based GnRH conjugates, con3 and con7 show the highest affinities at 0.07 and 0.06 nM, respectively, while the disulfide bond present in the conjugates is found to be readily reduced by the thioredoxin (Trx) system. These findings are promising for further pharmacological evaluation of the synthesized conjugates with the prospect of performing future clinical studies.
Apoptotic Effect of Gallic Acid via Regulation of p-p38 and ER Stress in PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 Cells Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Kim Jeong Woo , Choi Jinwon , Park Moon Nyeo , Kim Bonglee
Published: October 2023

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is currently recognized as the seventh most prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality among individuals of both genders. It is projected that a significant number of individuals will succumb to this disease in the forthcoming years. Extensive research and validation have been conducted on both gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil as viable therapeutic options for PC. Nevertheless, despite concerted attempts to enhance treatment outcomes, PC continues to pose significant challenges in terms of achieving effective treatment alone through chemotherapy. Gallic acid, an endogenous chemical present in various botanical preparations, has attracted considerable attention due to its potential as an anticancer agent. The results of the study demonstrated that gallic acid exerted a decline in cell viability that was dependent on its concentration. Furthermore, it efficiently suppressed cell proliferation in PC cells. This study observed a positive correlation between gallic acid and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, it confirmed the upregulation of proteins associated with the protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway, which is one of the pathways involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, the administration of gallic acid resulted in verified alterations in the transmission of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signals. Notably, an elevation in the levels of p-p38, which represents the phosphorylated state of p38 MAPK was detected. The scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), has shown inhibitory effects on phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), whereas the p38 inhibitor SB203580 inhibited C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). In both instances, the levels of PARP have been successfully reinstated. In other words, the study discovered a correlation between endoplasmic reticulum stress and the p38 signaling pathway. Consequently, gallic acid induces the activation of both the p38 pathway and the ER stress pathway through the generation of ROS, ultimately resulting in apoptosis. The outcomes of this study provide compelling evidence to support the notion that gallic acid possesses considerable promise as a viable therapeutic intervention for pancreatic cancer.
Alpha-Synuclein-Specific Regulatory T Cells Ameliorate Parkinson’s Disease Progression in Mice
Authors: Park Seon-Young , Yang HyeJin , Kim Soyoung , Yang Juwon , Go Hyemin , Bae Hyunsu
Published: October 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a long-term neurodegenerative disease characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss and the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain. Cell therapy using regulatory T cells (Tregs) has therapeutic potential on PD progression in a mouse model; however, several challenges were associated with its applications. Here, we propose a strategy for α-syn specific Treg expansion (α-syn Treg). We presented α-syn to T cells via dendritic cells. This method increased the mobility of Tregs towards the site of abundant α-syn in vitro (p < 0.01; α-syn Tregs versus polyclonal Tregs (poly Tregs)) and in vivo. Consequently, α-syn Tregs showed noteworthy neuroprotective effects against motor function deficits (p < 0.05, p < 0.01; α-syn Tregs versus poly Tregs), dopaminergic neuronal loss (p < 0.001; α-syn Tregs versus poly Tregs), and α-syn accumulation (p < 0.05; α-syn Tregs versus poly Tregs) in MPTP-induced PD mice. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of α-syn Tregs exerted immunosuppressive effects on activated microglia, especially pro-inflammatory microglia, in PD mice. Our findings suggest that α-syn presentation may provide a significant improvement in neuroprotective activities of Tregs and suggest the effective clinical application of Treg therapy in PD.