bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast signal propagation on coplanar strip lines and loops
Authors: Keil U. D. , Dykaar D. R. , Levi A. F. J. , Kopf R. F. , Pfeiffer L. N. , Darack S. B. , West K. W.
Published: February 2023

Signal propagation is studied by using transmission line loops 1 mm in diameter with cumulative propagation distances ≤6 cm. Amplitude and phase information is measured by using photoconductive pump-probe sampling and low temperature grown GaAs.1 Propagation speeds are measured for temperatures 2 K < T < 295 K. The intrinsically low dielectric constant of coplanar-air transmission lines2 is shown to result in high signal speed (0.9c) and half the attenuation of a conventional line. We verify the applicability of a model based largely on empirical formulae for radiation loss (geometry) and conductor absorption. The model is used to identify optimal design criteria (for a given bandwidth) and is applied for small dimensions.
Rapid single-particle mass spectrometry
Authors: Johnston Murray V. , McKeown Patrick J.
Published: February 2023

Single particles are detected on the fly by laser desorption mass spectrometry. Particles entering the source region of the mass spectrometer scatter radiation from a helium-neon laser beam. The scattered radiation triggers an excimer laser, causing one step laser desorption and ionization of the particle. A complete mass spectrum is subsequently recorded with a time-of-flight mass analyzer. Aerosols are sampled from atmospheric pressure through a two-stage differentially pumped inlet. Since the particle transit time in the vacuum prior to analysis is small, evaporation of volatile components is minimized. We have used rapid single-particle mass spectrometry to detect both inorganic and organic species.1 When a relatively low irradiance for laser desorption is used, incomplete ablation of the particle occurs and material located near the surface is preferentially sampled. Higher laser irradiances sample a greater fraction of the entire particle. Potential applications include the analysis of airborne particulate matter and the detection of trace species adsorbed to suspended microparticles in solution.
A numerical analysis of grafted GaAs planar prisms on graded index Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides
Authors: Kim Jinkee , Kenan Richard P.
Published: February 2023

Because of the development of the grafting technique of GaAs films on LiNbO3 waveguides or glass waveguides, GaAs planar prisms can be fabricated on LiNbO3 waveguides. To aid in the design of a highly efficient grafted total internal reflection planar prism, we generalize Suchoski's exact numerical technique1 to include the case of a guided wave incident at variable angles onto a transverse boundary between two slab waveguides that have graded refractive index distributions in the film. Tapered entrance and exit boundaries of the prism are important to keep most of the power confined in the lowest order mode during the entire journey through the prism. Mode conversion is a significant problem at a transition section into a guide that supports many modes. In particular, we find that a parabolic-shaped waveguide horn using a very simple design rule can not be applied to our case because of the asymmetry and the large difference of the index between GaAs film and Ti:LiNbO3 film. The optimal solution for the taper shape could be obtained by solving the nonlinear optimization problem, which is intractable. Therefore, a thorough investigation comparing the various taper functions is presented in this paper.
Reduction of thermal resistance of etched-well vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Authors: Nakwaski Wlodzimierz , Osinski Marek
Published: February 2023

Recently, we have developed a self-consistent thermal-electrical model1 of etched-well vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) that features a two-dimensional analysis of heat-flux and current spreading and a realistic distribution of heat sources and includes temperature dependence of a number of material and device parameters. We have used this model to optimize the device design, aiming at maximization of the optical output power. We have determined optimal values of many device design parameters, such as doping levels, layer thicknesses, contact geometry, and the active-region diameter. In the process, we have achieved significant reduction of thermal resistance: from 415 K/W for a typical etched-well device2 of 10-µm active-region diameter, down to 188 K/W for an optimized device of 16-µm active-region diameter, in spite of a simultaneous increase in the pumping current density.
Localized defects in photonic crystals: a Green’s function formalism
Authors: Leung K. M.
Published: February 2023

Recent experimental and theoretical studies have shown that, by introducing defects into a photonic crystal, defect states can exist within the forbidden photonic band gap.1 The defect structure of interest occupies only a small volume within a unit cell, and the fields associated with the defect extend no more than a few lattice constants. Theoretical calculations were carried out by using the hypercell method. Here an alternate approach for treating highly localized defect states by introducing vector Wannier functions and using a Green's function is reported. The reason for the use of vector Wannier functions is that they are expected to be highly localized around each atomic site and therefore form ideal basis functions. The eigen problem for the defect state frequency and fields turns out formally to have exactly the same form as that of the corresponding electronic problem.
Orthogonal Fourier transform spectrometer
Authors: Berlinghieri Joel C. , Droste R. E. , Hilleke R. O. , Rembiesa P. J.
Published: February 2023

A Fourier transform spectrometer, using two common-path interferometers1,2 and a two-dimensional CCD array detector, is used to obtain medium resolution spectra. A channelled, FourierFraunhofer hologram is produced from the sheared images of the source. The aliasing associated with high resolution, broadband spectra has been unravelled without the use of narrow-band filters. The second orthogonally oriented ring interferometer sorts the normally overlapping orders formed when the interference pattern is undersampled. Optical spectra taken by using this device will be shown.
Multiple quantum well electroabsorption modulator near 1.3 µm in InGaAs/GaAs
Authors: Lord S. M. , Pezeshki B. , Harris J. S.
Published: February 2023

We demonstrated a transmission electroabsorption modulator operating near 1.3 µm grown on GaAs. This achievement has technological applications, particularly for fiber optic communication. The longest wavelength modulation previously achieved in InGaAs/GaAs was 1.06 µm.1 We achieved sharp excitonic resonances near 1.3 µm in InGaAs/GaAs with molecular beam epitaxy using a slowly graded InGaAs buffer. The p-i-n structure included 30 75-Å In0 5Ga0 5 As quantum wells with 35-Å Al0 33Ga0 67As barriers. Room temperature I-V measurements show excellent leakage characteristics. 300-K absorption spectra show a clear exciton at 1.25 µm at zero bias and pronounced quantum confined Stark effect. The device functions as a transmission modulator with an insertion loss of 3 dB and a maximum ΔT/T of 17% at 1.25 µm and 12% at 1.3 µm. Photocurrent measurements exhibit negative differential conductivity, which is useful for operation as a self-electro-optic device at 1.25 µm.
Effect of radiation outcoupling in resonant optical waveguides
Authors: Shakir Sami A. , Salvi Theodore C.
Published: February 2023

Resonant optical waveguides (ROWs) are promising period phase-locked arrays1 that have demonstrated excellent coherent mode control. The periodicity of these arrays can excite radiation modes that may outcouple energy at certain angles with respect to the array surface plane. These angles depend on the order of the excited resonant mode. In this work, the periodicity of these arrays is exploited to cast these devices as distributed feedback (DFB) structures. Coupling to radiation modes causes additional losses and affects the coupling between the elements of the array. A simple dispersion relation for the array modes is derived and the inclusion of a quarter wave phase shift to improve mode discrimination is discussed. The effect of gain and index antiguiding saturation is included. Spatial hole burning effects due to power saturation affects mode discrimination in a negative way2 because these holes interface with the normal strong mode confinement, which is a characteristic of these ROW devices in the absence of saturation effects.
Evidence for strong saturation of interface traps in multiple narrow slightly asymmetric coupled quantum wells
Authors: Ding Y.J. , Guo C.L. , Khurgin J.B. , Law K.-K. , Merz J. L.
Published: February 2023

Based on our measurements of cw intensity-dependent photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectra of multiple narrow slightly asymmetric coupled quantum wells (ACQWs) at room temperature, strong saturation of interface traps has been observed similar to that reported in Ref. 1. Each ACQW consists of two GaAs QWs of thicknesses of 1.8 nm and 2.1 nm separated by a 3 nm Al0 4Ga0 6As barrier. As laser intensity increases, PL intensity initially increases at a rate higher than that for a square-law dependence and finally approaches that dependence. This phenomenon can be attributed to a dominant nonradiative recombination at the interface traps undergoing a strong saturation with weak radiative recombination of free carriers. Intensity-dependent trapping efficiency and the ratio of electron and hole nonradiative decay times, and the ratio of trapping and nonradiative recombination rates have been determined from the experiment.
Phase-only incoherent correlator
Authors: Lohmann Adolph W. , Mendlovic David , Marom Emanuel , Konforti Naim , Inbar H.
Published: February 2023

Spatially incoherent correlators1 are advantageous compared with coherent correlators because diffuse or self-luminous objects can be used directly as inputs without converting them to coherent light inputs. In addition, incoherent light systems are less sensitive to the lateral positioning of the filter. For the coherent correlator, it has been shown2 that in certain cases a phase-only filter can provide better correlation results, i.e., narrower correlation peaks and higher signal to noise ratio. We are investigating in this work ways for implementing the effect of a phase-only filter in incoherently illuminated set-up. Although two different filters will be needed for implementing equivalent complex functions, the final behavior of the system will be like that obtainable from coherent phase-only filters. In addition, we might optimize the light efficiency by using phase-only aperture masks as matched filters. Computer simulations and experimental results were performed.
Optical beam forming with dynamic programmable quantized phase arrays
Authors: Catino W. C. , LoCicero J. L. , Stark H.
Published: February 2023

In a recent paper,1 the authors used generalized projections to design phase masks that radiate a prescribed light intensity pattern in the far-field. In this paper, we repeat the experiment but restrict the phases to one of N quantized values. The performance of the continuous-phase case is compared with that of the quantized-phase case. The reduction in performance in going from analog to digital can be ameliorated by increasing the number of radiators. An important application of this device is in optical interconnects where the beam could be dynamically switched in a programmable fashion to enable an optical connection. The mathematical method used to design the phase mask can also be used to generate beams that have a sharp null at the angle of interfering radiation.
High-power diffraction-free beam generation
Authors: Awwal Abdul Ahad S. , Ahmed Jamal U.
Published: February 2023

Refractive systems have been designed that can convert a circular Gaussian beam into a Bessel beam. Such beams are expected to alleviate the problems of beam spreading when the energy of beam is being transferred to a target. High power laser beams are usually annular in shape. In this work an annular beam is converted into a Bessel beam by using a refractive system. The surface slope, radii of curvature, and other important parameters are optimized for ease of fabrication.
Wave packets in a superlattice: revivals and other phenomena
Authors: Biermann Mark L. , Stroud C. R.
Published: February 2023

Wave packet systems in semiconductor superlattices are discussed. The wave packet approach is an intuitive method for the study of coherent carrier dynamics in superlattices that have been excited by using a short laser pulse. The theoretical formalism1 can be applied to a variety of III–V and II–VI systems. In this discussion, only GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices are studied. Significant results are seen. Coupled wells are shown to exhibit quasi-periodic dynamics for certain superlattice and excitation parameters. Phenomena that have been observed and predicted in atomic wave packet systems are seen in these systems. These include the breakup of wave packets when energy levels are not evenly spaced and the revival of the wave packet after long times when energy spacings are nearly equal. These superlattices also exhibit semiconductor features, such as excitonic and hole effects. A discussion of comparisons with experimental results is also presented.
Real-time optimum phase-only filters
Authors: Tam Eddy C. , Gregory Don A. , Kirsch James C.
Published: February 2023

Phase-only/binary-phase-only filters have been shown to give sharp correlation peaks in optical correlations. However, these filters transmit all the incoming light, including noise, to the correlation plane so that, theoretically speaking, under additive white noise corruption the signal-to-noise ratio is zero for these filters.1 The optimal phase-only/binary-phase-only filters recently studied1,2 incorporate the use of a supporting binary amplitude function that masks out certain regions of the filter and consequently increases the SNR ratio. While an optimal binary-phase-only filter can be implemented with a polarization modulation device (e.g., ternary filters displayed on a MOD2), simultaneous modulation of continuous phase and binary amplitude has not been shown. In this paper, we propose to use a twisted nematic liquid crystal SLM to implement a phase/amplitude filter. Continuous phase modulation can be achieved by modulating the LC below optical threshold. Besides, a pixel can be turned off (zero transmittance) by applying full voltage across the pixel and by placing an analyzer behind the modulator. This architecture can also be used to display binary-amplitude continuous-phase holograms, which generate better quality images.
A relation between the conic constants of two mirror telescopes
Authors: Cornejo-Rodríguez A. , Vázquez-Montiel S. , Cordero-Davila A. , Cardona-Núñez O.
Published: February 2023

In the design to first order of the Cassegrain and Ritchey-Chretien configurations of astronomical telescopes, an equation for the conic constants of both mirrors can be established following the work done by Malacara.1 It is shown that such an equation for the conic constants is also valid for the Dall-Kirkham setup and also for other configurations where the lineal equation must be satisfied.
Two-frequency technique for inverse scattering from quasi-homogeneous random media
Authors: Fischer David G.
Published: February 2023

A technique is presented for determining the two-point spatial correlation function of the dielectric susceptibility of a quasi-homogeneous random medium.1
Enhanced backscattering from very smooth metal surfaces
Authors: Gu Zu-Han , Maradudin Alexei A. , Bennett Jean
Published: February 2023

The enhanced backscattering of light from a randomly rough surface was first predicted in the scattering of p-polarized light from a 1-D random metal surface, when the plane of incidence was perpendicular to the generators of the surface.
Scattering of light from rough multilayered film: A recursive formulation
Authors: García-Llamas Raúl , Regalado Luis E. , Leyva-Lucero M.
Published: February 2023

By using the Rayleigh Hypothesis and the method introduced by Toigo et al [1], we obtain two separated matricial equations to calculate the scattered fields from a periodical rough multilayered system.
Line shape studies for single- and triple-pass Fabry-Perot interferometer systems
Authors: Palik E. D. , Boukari Hacène , Gammon Robert. W.
Published: February 2023

We utilized the theory in the preceding paper to determine the effect of 1- and 3-passes through a Fabry-Perot interferometer on the natural line shape of two different Lorentzian lines.
Transport effects on modulation, noise and chirping in semiconductor lasers
Authors: Nagarajan Radhakrishnan
Published: February 2023

One of the dramatic effects of carrier transport delay in semiconductor lasers is the reduction of the modulation bandwidth.
Quantum-well structures for intersubband population inversion
Authors: Yee W. M. , Shore K. A. , Schoell E.
Published: February 2023

In this paper a dynamical model for charge transport via intersubband
resonant tunneling in a coupled three-quantum well structure is
presented.
Modification of laser diode bandwidth K-factor due to parasitics including carrier transport in quantum well devices
Authors: Wong Y.C.A. , Shore KA.
Published: February 2023

The characterization of the useful bandwidth of laser diodes is of considerable importance for practical applications of these devices in high speed optical communications systems.
Recombination processes in multiple-four narrow asymmetric coupled quantum wells: dependence on excitation intensity and temperature
Authors: Veliadis J. V. D. , Ding Y. J. , Khurgin J. B.
Published: February 2023

CW excitation intensity dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra, were measured on an undoped 20 period MBE grown GaAs/Al0.4Ga0.6As four asymmetric coupled quantum well sample, in the 78-300K temperature range.
Carrier transport effects in inversion-channel lasers
Authors: Taylor G. W. , Evaldsson P. A.
Published: February 2023

Carrier transport mechanisms are known to be significant in determining laser bandwidth [1,2].
Spectromicroscopy with Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Ade H.
Published: February 2023

The capabilities of synchrotron based spectro-microscopes are rapidly improving.
Laboratory ESCA imaging
Authors: Coxon P. A.
Published: February 2023

This paper, being a presentation of laboratory imaging ESCA instrumentation, will begin with a brief historical review of the various methods that have been used in the past to generate X-ray induced photoelectron images of surfaces using fairly standard laboratory ESCA equipment.
Atomic force microscope as a readout sevice for high resolution x-ray Gabor holograms
Authors: Lindaas S. , Jacobsen C. J. , Howells M. R.
Published: February 2023

Gabor holography is well positioned to exploit flash x-ray sources,
such as x-ray lasers and free electron lasers, as well as ultra-bright
third generation synchrotron sources as a sub-50 nm resolution imaging
technique for biological samples.
Erbium-doped devices and their applica-tions
Authors: Chrostowski J. , Barnard C. , Myslinski P.
Published: February 2023

Recently, rapid technological progress has been made in rare-earth-doped single-mode fiber amplifiers and lasers.
Theoretical and experimental study of bends and X-crossings of waveguides made by ion-exchange on glass
Authors: Gerard Ph. , Benech P. , Rimel R.
Published: February 2023

Bends and X-crossings are basic geometries to improve the miniaturization in the Integrated Optics field.
Spectral output of 1.3-μm InGaAsP diode lasers
Authors: Hayward Joseph E. , Cassidy Daniel T.
Published: February 2023

It has been shown that scattering along the length of 1.3-μm InGaAsP diode lasers influences strongly the above threshold spectral output.
Electron-beam excitation of Zn2 excimer
Authors: Xing Da , Ueda Ken-ichi , Takuma Hiroshi
Published: February 2023

In recent years, the spectroscopic studies have been concentrated to the series of molecules Zn2, Cd2, and Hg2 by theoretical and experimental.1
Specification of an optical correlator for road-sign recognition
Authors: Heddle S. , Hossack W. J. , Vass D. G.
Published: February 2023

Optical correlation of EC standard signs1 from a moving vehicle demands a highly specified correlator.
High-order even and odd harmonic generation near the strong-field cutoff
Authors: Crane J. K. , Perry M. D. , Schafer K. J. , Kulander K. C. , Ditmire T. , Nguyen H. , Herman S.
Published: February 2023

With the development of high intensity, short-pulse lasers, very high-order, odd harmonic generation in the rare gases has been observed.
Polar asymmetry of photoionization by a field with nonzero cube: theory and experiment
Authors: Baranova N.B. , Chudinov A.N. , Shulginov A.A. , Zel’dovich B.Ya.
Published: February 2023

Interference of ionization by two photons hw+hw and by coherent photon h2w result in up-down asymmetry of emission probability.
Multiobject optical pattern recognition using joint-transform correlation
Authors: Alam M. S.
Published: February 2023

A joint transform correlator (JTC) is suitable for real-time pattern recognition and tracking operations since it does not require any filter fabrication [1].
Elementary excitation picture of excitonic resonant nonlinearity in semiconductors
Authors: Kuwata-Gonokami Makoto
Published: February 2023

Optical nonlinearity at exciton resonances are studied under weak excitation condition in ZnSe films, CuCl crystals and GaAs MQA’s with picosecond and sub-picosecond pulses.
Four-wave-mixing two-photon coherence in semiconductors
Authors: Sheik-Bahae M. , Wang J. , Canto-Said E.J. , De Salvo R. , Hagan D.J. , Van Stryland E.W.
Published: February 2023

Using a standard backward phase-conjugate degenerate four-wave-mixing (DFWM) geometry, we have measured the dependence of the DFWM signal on the polarization of the interacting fields for a number of polycrystalline (i.e. isotropic) semiconductors and dielectrics within their transparency region.
De Broglie optics with a cold atomic beam
Authors: Bharucha C. , Graham L.A. , Moore F.L. , Williams P.E. , Raizen M.G.
Published: February 2023

The development of a bright, monochromatic atomic beam with small mean velocity is an important step in the study of de Broglie Optics.
Temporal evolution and spatial cross-talk in photorefractive double-phase-conjugate mirrors
Authors: Segev Mordechai , Engin Doruk , Yariv Amnon , Valley George C.
Published: February 2023

Since the discovery(1) of the Double Phase Conjugate Mirror, there has been a lot of controversy about the temporal and spatial processes by which two mutually incoherent input beams become phase conjugates of each other.
Resonance fluorescence in collective cavity QED
Authors: Castro-Beltran H.M. , Chumakov S.M. , Sanchez-Mondragon J.J.
Published: February 2023

We investigate the resonance fluorescence spectrum and photon correlations among its components of a system of A atoms interacting with a single mode of a quantized cavity field, using the SU(2) group representation technique and the approximate dynamical symmetry1 of the Dicke Model.
The microparametric oscillator
Authors: De Martini F. , Mataloni P.
Published: February 2023

The Micro-Optical-Parametric-Oscillator (MOPO) is reported.
QED-vacuum confinement of inelastic optical scattering
Authors: De Martini F. , Mataloni P.
Published: February 2023

The spontaneous and stimulated Raman effect in benzene is investigated in the QED-vacuum-confined condition in the Casimir topology of an optical microcavity as a prototype inelastic quantum scattering process at optical frequencies.
Development of an experimental space laser-communications system
Authors: Araki K. , Toyoda M. , Shikatani M. , Arimoto Y. , Aruga T.
Published: February 2023

In order to develop basic technologies in the area of space laser communications, Communications Research Laboratory (CRL) has been engaged in development of an experimental laser communication payload for the Engineering Test Satellite VI (ETS-VI) and a ground optical system.
Luminance discrimination and color contrast
Authors: Nagy Allen L. , Kamholz David W.
Published: February 2023

Luminance discrimination is enhanced when the luminance of the stimuli to be discriminated is similar to the surround luminance.
Self-healing Hg target for photopumping extreme-ultraviolet lasers
Authors: Herman Peter R. , Yamakoshi Hideo , Chin Chien T. , Jaimungal Sebastian
Published: February 2023

A self-healing target has been developed for synchronous photopumping of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) lasers with modest-energy pumplasers.
Concentric-circle-grating, surface-emitting semiconductor lasers: the radiated field
Authors: Jordan Rebecca H. , Hall Dennis G.
Published: February 2023

Semiconductor lasers that make use of second-Bragg-order, concentric-circle, surface gratings to generate surface emission have been demonstrated to emit a beam of light that is spectrally narrow, circular in cross-section, and narrowly diverging (1).
New method for determining angular sepa­ration of double stars
Authors: James Daniel , Kandpal H. C. , Wolf E.
Published: February 2023

It was shown not long ago that it is possible, in principle, to de­termine the intensity distribution across sources of a certain class from measure­ments of spectra in interference experi­ments1.
Analysis of interreflection between matte surfaces
Authors: Tominaga Shoji
Published: February 2023

This paper presents an analysis method of interreflection between two matte surfaces by using a color reflection model.
Time-course of chromatic adaptation
Authors: Fairchild Mark D. , Reniff Lisa
Published: February 2023

Observer production of achromatic appearance has been used to measure the time course of chromatic adaptation for changes from daylight to incandescent illuminants at constant luminance.
Demonstration of analog and digital optical storage, recall and processing using nonlinear memory echo modeling
Authors: Kuo Yuwen , Chatterjee Monish R.
Published: February 2023

Photon echoes, which belong among a class of nonlinear optical wave mixing phenomena, are finding increasing interest in terms of fast optical storage and processing, both dynamic as well as long-term [1].
Optical recording media with optically variable security features
Authors: Li Li
Published: February 2023

Optical media that have a very high data density are ideal for storing large amounts of information.
Storage density of 3-D disks
Authors: Li Hsin-Yu S. , Psaltis Demetri
Published: February 2023

The 3-D holographic disk (HD) 1 consists of a thick disk-shaped photo-sensitive material where information is holographically stored in page format in the volume of the disk using angle or wavelength multiplexing.
Observation of Photorefractive Spatial Solitons
Authors: Segev Mordechai , Salamo Gregory , Duree Galen , Shultz John , Yariv Amnon , Crosignani Bruno , Di Porto Paolo , Sharp Edward , Neurgaonkar R
Published: February 2023

Self-trapping of optical beams due to the photorefractive (PR) effect, which has been recently predicted(1,2), is now observed for the first time.
Formation of roll patterns in optical parametric oscillators
Authors: Oppo Gian-Luca , Brambilla M. , Camesasca D. , Gatti A. , Lugiato L. A.
Published: February 2023

Pattern formation in a model describing Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPO), including diffractive effects due to free propagation in an optical cavity, is analyzed.
Single-molecule detection for analytical applications
Authors: Li Li-Qiang , Davis Lloyd M.
Published: February 2023

Individual dye molecules in aqueous solution may be detected by fluorescence photon burst detection with the use of subnanosecond time resolved photon counting for discrimination of Raman scatter from solvent molecules.1
Modulation-induced coherence collapse in FM external-cavity diode lasers
Authors: Willis A. P. , Kane D. M.
Published: February 2023

We report an external-cavity diode laser (ECDL) operated as a frequency modulated (FM) laser using an intracavitv electro-optic phase modulator driven at a frequency close to, but not equal to, the cavity mode spacing.1
Laser frequency calibration for multilocation optical FDM networks
Authors: Jiang Q. , Kavelrad M.
Published: February 2023

A transmitter laser in an optical FDM network must be frequency-calibrated before being connected to the network to avoid interference to other channels.
Terahertz optoelectronic techniques as probes of electrons in semiconductor quantum wells
Authors: Walecki W. J. , Some D. , Kozlov V. G. , Nurmikko A. V.
Published: February 2023

While the application of conventional transport measurements to a high mobility electron gas in a quantum well is routine, there is a notable absence of high speed, real-time techniques to study directly dynamical effects on ultrafast timescale.
Manifestation of fourth-order nonlinear effect in far-infared generation from InP
Authors: You D. , Dykaar D. R. , Jones R. R. , Schumacher D. W. , Bucksbaum P. H.
Published: February 2023

Far-infrared (FIR) radiation is generated in InP and GaAs semiconductors when they are illuminated with short laser pulses.1,2
Nanofabrication by focusing a chromium beam with light
Authors: Scholten Robert E. , McClelland Jabez J. , Palm Eric C. , Celotta Robert J.
Published: February 2023

Many traditional optical elements such as lenses, mirrors and gratings have “atom optic” analogues which use light forces to control atoms.
Large cw-laser-induced refractive-index grating in KTaO3:Cu
Authors: Xia Ping , Partanen J. P. , Hellwarth R. W.
Published: February 2023

The image-processing and other applications of nonlinear optics with low power cu lasers are usually based on the electro-optic photorefractive effect.1.
Observation of nonphotorefractive grating in electrically polled BaTiOs crystal
Authors: Kapoor Rakesh , Moghbel Mehdi , Venkateswarlu Putcha
Published: February 2023

We observed the growth time of grating and its variation with the writing beams intensity, in an electrically polled BaTiO3 crystal.
Spatial mode conversion in photorefractive fibers
Authors: Chiou Arthur , Yeh Pochi , Gu Claire
Published: February 2023

Photorefractive fibers have been successfully grown1,2 and studied for optical storage3 and optical interconnection and switching.4
Photorefractive, photovoltaic and thermal contributions to beam fanning in LiNbO3
Authors: Banerjee Partha P. , Liu Jaw-Jueh
Published: February 2023

We study steady state deterministic beam fanning (DBF) in the far-field in LiNbO, both experimentally and theoretically when an ordinary polarized Gaussian beam is externally focussed into the material.
Generalized technique for laser-beam-diameter measurement using an aperiodic- periodic ruling
Authors: Iftekharuddin K. M. , Awwal A. A. S. , Cherri A. K. , Karim M. A.
Published: February 2023

Measurement of Gaussian laser beam diameter can be realized using different types of grating.
Threshold photoionization spectra of toluene+, phenylsilane+, and toluene+(Ar): interaction of internal rotation with van der Waals modes
Authors: Lu Kueih-Tzu , Weisshaar James C.
Published: February 2023

Using resonant two-photon ionization and pulsed field ionization detection, we measure internal rotor states of toluene+1 and phenylsilane+ in a skimmed molecular beam.
Laser spectroscopy of jet-cooled group IIB metal monohalide radicals
Authors: Lipson R.H.
Published: February 2023

The B2Σ+ ion-pair states of the group IIB metal monohalide radicals are intriguing because they are the upper lasing levels on their B2Σ+ → X2Σ+ transitions.
Performance limitations of spectrally sliced light-emitting diodes for digital fiber-optics transmission systems
Authors: Cauchon Eric , Conradi Jan
Published: February 2023

Spectral slicing of LEDs has been used to provide distinct carriers for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) applications.
Complete characterization of the quantum state of a light mode by using optical homodyne tomography
Authors: Raymer M. G. , Smithey D. T. , Beck M. , Faridani A.
Published: February 2023

This paper reviews recent experiments in which the density matrix, wavefunction, Wigner distribution, and quantum distributions of optical phase of a light mode were determined by performing tomographic inversion of a set of measured probability distributions for quadrature amplitudes.1
Realization of photon number amplifiers
Authors: Ho Seng-Tiong , Yuen Horace P.
Published: February 2023

It was suggested by Yuen [1] that a photon number amplifier that transforms an input state with n photon number | n > to an output state with Gn photon number |Gn >, where G > 1 is the gain factor, is an ideal amplifier for direct detection of any signal whether it is classical or squeezed, phase coherent or incoherent [1].
Optical spectroscopy and imaging of biological tissues with photon density waves
Authors: Patterson Michael S. , Pogue Brian W. , Wilson Brian C.
Published: February 2023

In the red and near infrared, the propagation of light in tissues is a diffusive process characterized by multiple scattering.
Approximate methods for electric-field reflection at waveguide interfaces
Authors: Xu Jun , Yevick David , Gallant Michel
Published: February 2023

We analyze electric field reflection at a planar interface between two inhomogeneous refractive index media.
Modeling and simulation of ARROW couplings
Authors: Xu C. L. , Huang W. P. , Barnard C. , Chrostowski J. , Chu S. T.
Published: February 2023

The characteristics, such as the propagation constant and the propagation loss, of an isolated ARROW have been studied and are well understood[1,2]
Quantum limits to amplitude noise reduction in semiconductor lasers using weak optical feedback with dispersive loss
Authors: Hitching J. , Shevy Y. , Yariv A.
Published: February 2023

The quantum mechanical theory of semiconductor lasers based on Langevin equations1,2 is modified to include the effects of weak optical feedback with dispersive loss.3
Optically stabilized diode laser using high contrast saturated absorption
Authors: Cuneo C. J. , Maki J. J. , McIntyre D. H.
Published: February 2023

Doppler-free saturation spectroscopy in optically thick samples has been shown to produce high-contrast transmission spectra.
An optical feedback meter for diode lasers
Authors: Ryan R. E. , Soriano S. , Westling L. A.
Published: February 2023

The detrimental effects of optical feedback on the operation of diode lasers have long been established.
Z-scan technique using top-hat beams
Authors: Zhao W. , Palffy-Muhoray P.
Published: February 2023

The Z-scan technique developed by Sheik-Bahae1 is straightforward method of accurately measuring intensity dependent optical nonlinearities of materials.
χ(3) tensor element measurements using the Z-scan geometry
Authors: DeSalvo Richard , Sheik-Bahae Mansoor , Hagan David J. , Van Stryland Eric W. , Merveille Chris , Kar Ajoy K. , Wherrett Brian S.
Published: February 2023

We report measurements of the anisotropy coefficient and the three independent χ(3) elements in cubic media for a wavelength of 532 nm.
Measurement of astigmatism in microlithography lenses
Authors: Kirk Joseph P.
Published: February 2023

The direction, ϕ, and magnitude, A1, of residual astigmatism in microlithography lenses used for semiconductor circuit fabrication is determined by measuring the focal position, F, of lines orientated at four values of θ = 0°,45°, 90°, 135°.
Optical rectification and quantum beats in bulk and quantum-well semiconductors
Authors: Chuang S. L.
Published: February 2023

Terahertz electromagnetic pulses have recently been generated from semiconductor surfaces and quantum-well structures by shining intense femtosecond optical pulses.1-4
Optoelectronic-correlator architectures using a single spatial light modulator
Authors: Cohn Robert W.
Published: February 2023

The successful insertion of optical correlators into systems depends to a great extent on physical size and cost of the optics.
Microwave trap for neutral atoms
Authors: Spreeuw R. J. C. , Gerz C. , Goldner Lori S. , Phillips W. D. , Reynolds M. W. , Rolston S. L. , Silvera Isaac F. , Westbrook C. J.
Published: February 2023

We demonstrated the microwave trap proposed for trapping atomic hydrogen by Agosta et al. [1].
Far off-resonance optical atom trap
Authors: Heinzen D. J. , Cline R. A. , Matthews M. R. , Miller J. D.
Published: February 2023

We confine laser-cooled 85Rb atoms in an optical dipole force trap tuned more than 100 nm from atomic resonance.
Computer simulation on LiB3O5/β-BaB2O4 optical parametric lasers
Authors: Huang Fang , Huang Liu
Published: February 2023

With the appearance of the new nonlinear optical crystals LiB3O5 (LBO) and β-BaB2O4 (BBO), and the high power pumping sources, optical parametric experiments have had such a good result in these years.
Wavelength-selective acousto-optic switches
Authors: Smith D. A. , Baran J. E. , d’Alessandro A.
Published: February 2023

A wavelength-selective switch is a fiber interconnection machine which has the property that incoming fiber channels can be connected in completely different ways for each wavelength channel they carry. The cumbersome construction of this function requires an array of independent optical switches, one for each wavelength channel. The switch array must then be sandwiched between an input wavelength demultiplexer and a combining multiplexer at the output.
Evaluation of fast wavelength switching for DBR lasers
Authors: Zhang Lintao , Cartledge John C.
Published: February 2023

For WDM networks using fast wavelength switching, the switching and residency times of tunable lasers are important issues.1 Measured switching times of 400 ps for a two-section DFB laser,2 and 2-15 ns for two- and three-section DBR lasers3-4 have been obtained. To date, the dependence of the switching times on the precise wavelengths within the longitudinal modes of a DBR laser has not been examined. This paper reports experimental and theoretical results on the wavelength dependence of the switching times for a three-section DBR laser. When switching between a fixed wavelength λ
c
in the central region of the tuning curve for one mode and a second wavelength λ
v
on the tuning curve for another mode, a significant change in the switching delay occurs as λ
v
spans the mode tuning curve. An increase in the switching delay from 3.5 ns to 9 ns has been measured as λ
ν
is varied from the edge of the mode tuning curve furthest from λ
c
to the edge of the mode tuning curve closest to λ
c
. This increased delay occurs when switching from λ
v
to λ
c
, but not when switching from λ
v
to λ
c
. A theoretical model yields results which are consistent with the measurements.
Microsecond-switching liquid-crystal tunable optical filter
Authors: Liu Jian-Yu , Sneh Anat , Johnson Kristina M.
Published: February 2023

Chiral smectic liquid crystals (CSLCs) have microsecond response times due to a first order coupling between their macroscopic polarization and an applied electric field. With homeotropic alignment of the liquid crystal molecules direct analog phase modulation is obtained. [1] The significance of this device structure is that these materials can be fabricated in a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity, making continuous optical wavelength tuning possible. This results in a low cost, microsecond tuning speed, narrow passband resolution, and potentially large tuning range optical filter for wavelength-divisionmultiplexing based lightwave networks, such as IBM Rainbow Network. [2] The proof-of-principle filter consists of two optical flats coated with mirrors (R= 97%) separated by metal films that operate as both a spacer (2 to 25 pm) and electrode. The cells were then heated up to 100° C and filled with CSLC in its isotropic phase by capillary action. Preliminary results suggest the tuning range is approximately 30 nm with a switching speed of a few psec at λ = 1.55 pm.
Resonance fluorescence from two identical atoms in a standing wave
Authors: Lenz Georg , Meystre Pierre
Published: February 2023

We have investigated the resonance fluorescence spectrum from two identical atoms driven by a strong standing wave field. We found interesting modifications of the Mollow spectrum, caused by interferences between the two atoms, and in particular a succession of dark and bright states as one of the atoms is moved to successive nodes of the field. Large enough separation between the atoms leads to the disappearance of these interferences, and the atoms act then as independent radiators, the fluorescence spectrum becoming then independent of the interatomic distance. From the point of view advocated by E. Wolf,1 one can interpret these modifications as caused by source correlations. For instance, we obtain new sidebands which are altered as the separation between atoms is modified. When these sidebands eventually cross, the fluorescence spectrum displays interesting properties such as “dark” and “bright” states. These investigations lay the foundations for a discussion of the influence of particle statistics on spectral properties of atoms cooled and trapped in optical molasses. The next step in this direction will include the effects of translational motion on these spectra.2 This program will eventually lead to a full-fledged field theoretical description of the spectral and translational correlation properties of an ensemble of cooled and trapped atoms.
Spectroscopic studies of gas-phase CH(D)–Ar complexes
Authors: Lemire G.W. , McQuaid M.J. , Sausa R.C.
Published: February 2023

Van der Waals complexes formed by a labile radical and a rare-gas atom provide a means for understanding the collisional dynamics and structure of weakly bound systems.1 By comparison to their closed-shell counterparts only a few such systems have been observed and characterized. In this summary, results of experimental and modeling studies on CH(D)-Ar complexes are reported. The complexes are formed in a supersonic jet and detected by laser-induced fluorescence in the region of CH B2Σ− − X2Πr (1,0) and (0,0) bands and CD (1,0) band. The excitation spectra reveal a number of ro-vibronic bands which are assigned to various stretching and/or bending motions of the complexes. From the spectra, lower limits of the ground and excited state binding energies are estimated. Rotational analysis of eight of the CH-Ar bands yields an average ground state value of B″av = 0.174 cm−1 and excited state constants ranging from B′ = 0.086 - 0.116 cm−1. The CD-Ar bands were also analyzed and the results will be presented and discussed. The rovibronic structure of the bands has been analyzed using a model based on hindered rotation which describes the interaction of a CH(D) monomer with an Ar('S0) atom. From this model the equilibrium geometry of the ground and excited states of these complexes is inferred. These results will also be presented and discussed.
Precise air wavelength-vacuum wavenumber conversion
Authors: Mandelman Michael , Nicholls Ralph W.
Published: February 2023

A fast converging iterative algorithm based on the Edlén1 refractive index formula has been developed. It uses corrections from the virial equation of state for air-water vapor mixtures2,3 and the recently revised refractive index of water vapor.4 Input parameters are barometric pressure, ambient temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration. The default value of any parameter is its standard value. The program can perform single conversions or generate conversion tables for up to 6000 entries per batch.
Laser-induced fluorescence in the A6Σ+–X6Σ+ system of MnO
Authors: Westblom Ulf , Smith Gregory P. , Crosley David R. , Jeffries Jay B.
Published: February 2023

Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopic studies of the A6Σ
+
–X
6
Σ
+
electronic system of the MnO radical have been performed in an atmospheric pressure flame and a low pressure discharge flow. The 0,0, 1,1, and 2,2 bands were excited near 550 nm; excitation scans of the 0,0 and 1,1 bands showed favorable comparison with previous emission spectroscopic work.1 Relative vibrational band transition probabilities were determined from fluorescence emission scans.
Rotational dependence of quenching of NO B2Π by NO
Authors: Luque Jorge , Crosley David R.
Published: February 2023

The behaviour of quenching of the NO B2Π state with NO collider has been studied using the B-X transition. Different rotational lines were excited in the vibrational levels v' = 0, 2, and 3 by laser radiation in a cell containing slowly flowing gas. Single exponential decays were observed, and the decay constants plotted vs. pressure to obtain quenching rate coefficients kQ. The radiative lifetimes from the intercepts are close to accepted values and independent of rotation.1 kQ for low N are about 8 µs-1Torr-1, and similar for all vibrational levels studied. This contrasts with results for other colliders in previous experiments,1,2 which found v = 1 and 2 to quench much more slowly than v = 0 and 3. In each level there exists a rotational dependence of kQ, exhibiting a smooth decrease of about 10% when N increases from 1 to 20.
Optical limiting in C60-doped polymers
Authors: Wang Ruibo , Song Yinglin , Li Chunfei
Published: February 2023

Optical limiting in toluene solution of C60 is first observed by L. W. Tutt and A. Kost,1 which is caused from reverse saturable absorption (RSA) of C60.
Saturation of trapping and nonradiative recombination in multiple undoped quantum wells
Authors: Ding Y. J. , Veliadis J. V. D. , Khurgin J. B.
Published: February 2023

Recently, based on the intensity-dependent CW photoluminescence (PL) measurements [1], the nonradiative recombination at traps and the saturation of traps in multiple narrow undoped quantum wells (QWs) have been shown to play an important role.
Ultrafast nonlinear optical properties of arsenic-rich gallium arsenide
Authors: Benjamin S.D. , Smith P.W.
Published: February 2023

Much of the work in ultrafast nonlinear optical devices in semiconductors has been concentrated on bound electron nonlinearities which are very fast but small.
Equivalent-circuit parameters for infrared-frequency-selective surfaces
Authors: Miller Robert O. , Reed Jeffrey A. , Byrne Dale M.
Published: February 2023

Representing the interaction of an electromagnetic wave with a frequency selective surface (FSS) by an equivalent circuit model can yield a first approximation to its spectral response, and hence provide a means for preliminary filter design.
Optimized polarization Design of GaAs electro-optic modulators using laser rapid prototyping
Authors: Eldada Louay , Zhu Nongfan , Ruberto Mark N. , Levy Miguel , Scarmozzino Robert , Osgood. Richard M.
Published: February 2023

In this talk, we demonstrate the fabrication of several novel electro-optic modulators with optimized polarization designs which allow unusually low VL products.
Practical design issues in a free-space optical-interconnect system
Authors: McCormick F. B.
Published: February 2023

Free-space optics, in the form of digital or analog optical processors, photonic switches, and optical interconnection systems may offer new capabilities or dramatically enhance the performance of conventional processing systems.
Corrosion measurement for underground pipes by using bimodal optical computing
Authors: Dandashi Tammam , Habli M.A.
Published: February 2023

The Bimodal Optical Computer (BOC) [1] is a hybrid optoelectronic system that can solve a system of linear equations in a fast and accurate way.
Generation of 2.7-ps optical pulses by mode locking of an AlGaAs external-cavity semiconductor laser
Authors: Lee Chang-Hee , Kang Seung-Goo , Jeong Ki-Wong
Published: February 2023

Mode locking of semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention due to their small size and high efficiency.
Femtosecond soliton compression and stabilization fibers with slowly decreasing dispersion
Authors: Xu Wencheng , Guo Qi , Liao Changjun , Liu Songhao
Published: February 2023

Since the fibers with slowly decreasing dispersion (FSDD) have practically been available and been used for the generation of a high-repetition-rate (up to terahertz) train of solitons, such fibers have been taken much attention [1-3].