bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Magnetic Field and Magnetic Nanoparticles on Choice of Endothelial Cell Phenotype
Authors: Gorobets Svitlana , Gorobets Oksana , Rachek Kateryna , Ryazanova Anastasia
Published: October 2024

Background. Endothelial cells as participants in angiogenesis choose their phenotype as tip cells (leading, migratory) or stalk cells (following). It has been experimentally found and theoretically modeled that rapid oscillations in intracellular calcium concentration play a key role in controlling phenotype selection and possible vessel architecture. In addition, the intracellular calcium concentration in endothelial cells is known to be regulated by mechanical wall shear stress induced by blood flow, which controls mechanosensitive calcium ion channel gating. Experimental methods of controlling mechanosensitive ion channel gating in external magnetic fields with application of magnetic nanoparticles are developed that affect magnetic nanoparticles artificially attached to cell membranes.
Objective. A key question is raised about the possibility of controlled selection of endothelial cell phenotype in external magnetic fields due to the presence of artificial or biogenic magnetic nanoparticles embedded in the cell membrane.
Methods. The magnetic wall shear stress is calculated due to the influence of the external magnetic field on the magnetic nanoparticles embedded in the cell membrane, which controls the mechanosensitive calcium ion pathways. Numerical modeling of oscillations in intracellular calcium concentration in endothelial cells and determination of their final phenotype was carried out taking into account intercellular communication. The python programming language and scipy, py-pde, matplotlib packages of the python programming language were used for numerical modeling.
Results. The magnetic field flux density and frequency ranges of a uniform rotating magnetic field, as well as the magnitude of the gradient and the frequency of a non-uniform oscillating magnetic field were calculated for controlling the amplitude and frequency of intracellular calcium concentration oscillations in endothelial cells, as well as the selection of their phenotype. It opens the perspective of controlling angiogenesis and vessel architecture.
Conclusions. Phenotype selection by endothelial cells can be controlled in a uniform rotating external magnetic field, as well as in a non-homogeneous oscillating magnetic field.
ETIOPATHOGENIC ASPECTS OF ODONTOGENIC MAXILLARY SINUSITIS OF PERIAPICAL ORIGIN
Authors: Feijó-Alcântara Ana Clara , Santos-Lima Cleiton Rone , Veras-Diniz Jade , Delgado-Souza Júlia Veríssimo , Silva-Batista Matheus Gabriel , Albuquerque-Melo Rafaela Oliveira Cavalcanti , Araujo-Silva Gabriel
Published: October 2024

Anatomically, the roots of the upper premolar and molar teeth are near the maxillary sinuses. Thus, periapical inflammation of the elements close to the sinuses enables the formation of odontogenic sinusitis. This study aimed to analyze the available literature on the etiopathogenic aspects of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis of periapical origin. A literature review was conducted in the following databases: SciELO, MEDLINE/Pubmed, and LILACS, using the keywords "Maxillary Sinusitis", "Dentistry", "Tooth" and "Infection". Articles written in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were included; those that fit the focus of the paper and those that were most relevant in terms of outlining the desired information. Papers reporting odontogenic sinusitis arising from an operative process were excluded. Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) occurs due to sinus infection caused by inflammation of one or more dental elements near this cavity. Despite presenting specific features, sinusitis of odontogenic and non-odontogenic origin are quite similar, making the differential diagnosis difficult. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is considered the reference standard for diagnosis, and the best treatment is to eliminate the causal factor. It was also found that apical periodontitis is the main non-iatrogenic cause and premolars and molars are the most affected teeth due to their anatomical location near the maxillary sinuses. The anatomical location of the maxillary sinus and the roots of the molars and premolars will allow, through the proximity between them, the OMS. In cases where periodontitis has proven to be the most frequent non-iatrogenic cause of this condition, also due to a great symptomatological similarity with non-odontogenic sinusitis, complementary examinations such as CBCT are necessary. Moreover, the treatment can be performed in a case-specific manner, through accurate diagnosis and etiopathogenesis.
Condrossarcoma na Região Posterior de Maxila
Authors: De Magalhães Natália , Lima de Oliveira Cecília Vitória , De Andrade Santana Dandara , Caló de Aquino Xavier Flávia , Carneiro Júnior Bráulio , Nunes dos Santos Jean
Published: October 2024

Introdução: O condrossarcoma é um tumor maligno, raro, osteodestrutivo, com alta propensão a recorrência, formado por matriz cartilaginosa, representado cerca de 0,1% dos tumores na região de cabeça e pescoço, ocorrendo principalmente na região de maxila anterior. Relato de Caso: Relatamos o caso de um homem de 37 anos, sem história médica prévia que chegou ao ambulatório com aumento de volume de consistência firme à palpação, localizado em região de posterior de maxila direita, com evolução de onze meses e ausência de sintomatologia dolorosa. Aos exames radiológicos e histopatológicos, o tumor revelou-se um condrossarcoma de grau histopatológico I com áreas de grau II. O paciente foi tratado com excisão cirúrgica do tumor e encontra-se sem sinais de recidiva. Considerações Finais: O Condrossarcoma tem ocorrência rara na região de cabeça e pescoço, sendo mais frequente na maxila, o diagnóstico inicial é importante devido ao alto risco de recidiva. Os tumores grau histológico I e II, apresentam bons prognóstico.
Gastrointestinal Bitter Taste Receptors Exhibit Inter-Regional and Inter-Individual Variation
Authors: Walker Edward , Walmsley Russell , Richards Kate , McGill Ann-Thea , Poppitt Sally , Ingram John
Published: October 2024

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract may function as a sensory organ responding to changes in luminal content. Its ability to regulate physiological functions is, in part, determined by the bitter chemosensory capacity of the gut mucosa. We mapped the regional variation of GI tract bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in order to better understand their relationship to GI function and the gut-brain axis. Mucosal biopsies from the stomach (fundus, body and antrum), duodenum (D2), proximal jejunum, terminal ileum, colon (ascending, transverse, and sigmoid), and rectum were collected from volunteers with no previous gut disorders who were undergoing routine screening by gastroscopy or colonoscopy. Nanostringtm analysis of TAS2R transcription was conducted on 300 biopsies taken from 28 volunteers. TAS2Rs showed a diverse transcription profile throughout the human GI tract. Two archetypes of gut chemosensing existed with several individuals displaying a more complete TAS2R profile in all regions of the gut. Additionally, regional variation was observed in several TAS2Rs that correlated with cytogenetic location. These data show significant inter-individual and regional variation in gut bitter chemosensory systems reflecting differing luminal sensing capacity in different gut regions and between people.
High Resolution Precipitation and Soil Moisture Data Integration for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping
Authors: Peiro Yaser , Volpe Evelina , Ciabatta Luca , Cattoni Elisabetta
Published: October 2024

Satellite-derived high-resolution soil moisture and precipitation data have become widely adopted in natural hazard and climate change research. Landslide susceptibility mapping, which often relies on static predisposing factors, faces challenges in accounting for temporal changes, limiting its efficacy in accurately identifying potential locations for landslide occurrences. A key challenge is the lack of sufficient ground-based monitoring networks for soil moisture and precipitation, especially in remote areas with limited access to rain gauge data. This study addresses these limitations by integrating static landslide conditioning factors—such as topography, geology, and landscape features—with high-resolution dynamic satellite data, including soil moisture and precipitation. Using machine learning techniques, particularly the Random Forest (RF) algorithm, the approach enables the generation of dynamic landslide susceptibility maps that incorporate both spatial and temporal variations.
The work validates the method by analyzing two major landslide events and their relationship to hydrological factors, occurred during two rainfall events in 2019 in Italy. The results successfully identified high-probability landslide areas by accounting for multiple hydrogeological factors and capturing the unique patterns of rainfall and soil moisture distribution and intensity. The findings emphasize the need for further research to refine the use of high-resolution satellite precipitation and soil moisture data, particularly in identifying the optimal temporal and spatial resolutions for landslide susceptibility mapping.
A Screen of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Extracts Reveals 17 Species with Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Ellward Garrett L , Binda Macie E , Dzurny Dominika I. , Bucher Michael J , Dees Wren R , Czyż Daniel M
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat that undermines the effectiveness of global healthcare. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization have identified numerous microbial organisms, particularly members of the ESKAPEE pathogens, as critical threats to global health and economic security. Many clinical isolates of these pathogens have become completely resistant to current antibiotics, making treatment nearly impossible. Herbal remedies, such as those found in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), have been practiced for thousands of years and successfully used to treat a wide range of ailments, including infectious diseases. Surprisingly, despite this extensive knowledge of folk medicine, no plant-derived antibacterial drugs are currently approved for clinical use. This study explores a comprehensive library comprising 664 extracts from 132 distinct TCM plant species for antimicrobial properties against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Micrococcus luteus) bacteria using liquid and solid in vitro assays. Intriguingly, our results reveal 17 plant species with potent antimicrobial properties effective primarily against gram-positive organisms, including Streptococcus aureus and epidermidis. Our results indicate that phytobiotics from the identified plants may be potential candidates for novel antimicrobials.
Complete Resolution of a Meningioma and Relief of Chronic Migraine Headaches after Endovascular Embolization Alone (Case Report).
Authors: Petrov Andrey Eugenievich , Ivanov Arkady Aleksandrovich , Samorukova Ekaterina , Suvorova Julia , Petrova Anna , Samochernykh Konstantin , Rozhchenko Larisa
Published: October 2024

We present a case of successful treatment of a mall-sized parasagittal meningioma (14x11x12mm), combined with chronic migraines, which significantly improved the patient's quality of life. After endovascular surgery -embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) branches using non-adhesive embolic agents of various viscosities (Squid 12/Squid 18), we observed not only complete resolution of the meningioma, but also almost complete elimination of headache attacks. On the third day after the procedure, the patient reported that headaches, which previously occurred almost every day, changed to short episodes about once in 4 months. This clinical observation and the literature data suggest that embolization of the distal branches of the MMA could be an effective treatment for small-sized parasagittal and convexital meningiomas as well as chronic subdural hematomas (ChSDH). Additionally, it can lead to a reduction in the intensity of migraine headaches. Embolization of the MMA distal branches could provide relief from migraines and improve the quality of life for patients. However, there is a lack of sufficient data on this topic in the current literature. Therefore, it may be worthwhile to investigate this side effect further and conduct a study on the efficacy of MMA embolization for chronic migraines.
What Do We Know About Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy and Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Nigeria?
Authors: Azumara Stephen I. , Arodiogbu Elijah C. , Cook Penny A. , Mukherjee Raja A.S. , Gilbert David J.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy poses notable risks to maternal and foetal health, yet its prevalence and impact in Nigeria remain understudied. This commentary article aims to review the current state of alcohol intake by expectant mothers in Nigeria and provide an overview of Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and recommendations for addressing this public health issue. Methods: Drawing on existing literature, we highlight the prevalence of alcohol intake by expectant mothers in Nigeria and explore the socio-cultural factors influencing drinking behaviours during pregnancy. Results: Despite limited empirical evidence, anecdotal reports suggest that alcohol consumption during pregnancy is not uncommon in Nigeria, driven by factors such as social norms, lack of awareness, and limited access to prenatal care and education. The implications of prenatal alcohol exposure for maternal and child health are substantial, with potential consequences including FASD, birth defects, and mortality. Conclusions: We provide recommendations for policymakers, healthcare providers, and community stakeholders to enhance awareness, prevention, and support systems for pregnant women and their families. Key recommendations include implementing public health campaigns to raise awareness concerning the dangers of alcohol use by expectant mothers, integrating alcohol screening and counselling into routine prenatal care services, strengthening regulations on alcohol advertising and availability, and providing support services for women struggling with alcohol use disorders during pregnancy. By addressing the gaps in knowledge and practice surrounding alcohol consumption during pregnancy, Nigeria can take meaningful steps toward promoting maternal and child health and preventing the lifelong consequences of FASD and related conditions.
The Reversible Particle—Polymer Gel Formation “Shake Gels”: Quantifying the Hofmeister Series in the Gel
Authors: Luckham Paul F. , Banerjee Devajyoti
Published: October 2024

This study explores the shear-induced reversible gel behavior of suspensions containing silica na-noparticles and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). When subjected to vigorous shaking, these mixtures exhibit interesting shear thickening, transitioning from low-viscosity fluids to 'shake-gels' and then reverts to liquid after some time. Rheological measurements conducted at constant shear rates re-veal a significant increase in viscosity by several orders of magnitude occurring at specific time points during the process. Followed by the lowering of the shear rate implemented to understand the relaxation behavior. The investigation specifically examines the influence of various ions from the Hofmeister series on the gelation and relaxation dynamics of these suspensions. Results indicate that salts positioned on the right-hand side of the Hofmeister series, known as salting-in agents, facilitate quicker gelation and slower relaxation of the shake-gels. Conversely, salts on the left-hand side, referred to as salting-out agents, lead to slower gelation and faster relaxation. These observa-tions are attributed to the distinct effects that different salts exert on the conformation of PEO chains. Salting-in agents induce swelling of the polymer chains, enhancing their ability to interact and bridge between silica nanoparticles effectively, thus promoting rapid gelation and sustaining the gel structure for extended periods. In contrast, salting-out agents cause the polymer chains to collapse, reducing their bridging efficiency and resulting in delayed gelation along with a more rapid return to the fluid state during relaxation. Understanding the role of specific ions in modu-lating the gelation and relaxation behavior of colloidal-polymer suspensions provides valuable in-sights for tailoring material properties in various applications, including drug delivery, oil drilling, environmental restoration, coatings, and soft matter engineering.
Incidence, Level of Damage and Identification of Insect Pests of Ziziphus Tree Species in Ethiopia
Authors: Alle Tigabu Redae , Gure Abdella , Andrew Miriam F. Karlsson , Macrice Samora Andrew
Published: October 2024

Ziziphus tree species offer valuable socio-economic and ecological benefits but experience significant damage from insect pests. In Ethiopia, there is limited knowledge on the insects attacking Ziziphus fruits and a study aimed to identify these pests, assess their impact and understand how different land use types (LUTs), affect them were conducted. Sampling involved collecting fifty fruits and ten leaves from ten randomly chosen Ziziphus trees per LUT within each agroecological zone from August to December in 2022 and 2023. Samples were visually assessed for incidence and infestation levels, and the five morphotypes were identified using molecular techniques through phylogenetic analysis. Fruit pest incidence varied during the season yet a positive correlation (r = 0.84) was observed among the assessment months and years. Most fruits showed low to medium infestation levels (5–50%), while severe infestations (>75%) were predominant in the lowland agroecological zone. The insects attributed to the damage were identified as Carpomya incompleta (Becker), Drosophila hydei Sturtevant, D. simulans Sturtevant and Zaprionus indianus Gupta. Fruits showed higher incidence and infestation levels than leaves, indicating significant yield and income losses. Thus, implementing effective management strategies is vital to minimize these losses and achieve sustainable production in Ethiopia.
Performance Improvements from Virtual Collaboration and Communication Technologies in SMEs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sivhada Unarine , Zulu Philangezwi , Sambo Hillgate , Thango Bonginkosi
Published: October 2024

As digital technologies continue to evolve; small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly adopting Virtual Collaboration and Communication Technologies (VCCTs) to enhance performance in a competitive business landscape. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of VCCTs on SME performance metrics, such as operational efficiency, employee engagement, and customer satisfaction, by analyzing 41 studies selected from an initial pool of 662,422 records. The review also explores factors influencing VCCT implementation and barriers to adoption. Studies from 2014 to 2024 were reviewed, comprising journal articles (92.68%) and conference papers (7.32%). After rigorous screening, 41 studies met the inclusion criteria. The selection process included a risk bias assessment to ensure the reliability of the findings. The analysis revealed that operational efficiency improvements were the most frequently reported (68.29% of studies), followed by employee engagement (41.46%) and customer satisfaction (43.9%). Scalability was the most measured IT performance metric (41.46%), while user engagement appeared in 39.02% of the studies. Business sustainability and competitive advantage were highlighted in 46.34% and 41.46% of studies, respectively. Factors such as digital skills, organizational culture, and IT infrastructure were identified as critical for effective VCCT implementation. Nonetheless, financial constraints and employee resistance were prominent barriers. This review underscores the transformative potential of VCCTs in enhancing SME performance, particularly in operational efficiency and stakeholder engagement. A balanced focus on technological and human factors is crucial, with strategic planning and investment in digital capabilities driving success. Future research should focus on developing tailored models to maximize VCCT benefits, especially in cost-efficiency, sustainability, and innovation.
Cooper-Pairs Distribution Function of Untwisted-Misaligned Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Camargo-Martínez J. A. , González-Pedreros G. I. , Mesa F.
Published: October 2024

Cooper-pair distribution function Dcp(ω,Tc) of Untwisted-Misaligned Bilayer Graphene (UMBLG) in the presence of an external electric field is calculated and analyzed for the first time, within the framework of first-principle calculations. A bilayer graphene structure is proposed using a structural geometric approximation, enabling the simulation of a structure rotated at a small angle, avoiding a supercell calculation. Dcp(ω,Tc) function of UMBLG indicates the presence of the superconducting state for specific structural configurations, which is consistency with superconductivity in Twisted Bilayer Graphene (TBLG) reported in the literature. Dcp(ω,Tc) function of UMBLG suggests that Cooper-pairs are possible in the low-frequency vibration region. Furthermore, the structural geometric approximation allowed evaluating the effect of the electric field on superconducting state of UMBLG and its superconducting critical temperature through Ncp parameter.
The Impact of Exogenous Variables on Soybean Freight: A Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Braga Marsola Karina , Leda Ramos de Oliveira Andréa , Yasuo Ribeiro Utino Matheus , Mann Paulo , Caroline Oliveira da Conceição Thayane
Published: October 2024

Freight price prediction is a complex problem with multiple determinants. Identifying the most important variables can be used to develop more accurate prediction models and increase the competitiveness of Brazilian soybeans. This study aims to assess the influence of various exogenous variables on the price of soybean road freight and how this influence varies across different distance ranges. A combination of machine learning techniques was employed to evaluate a dataset containing variables related to freight, region, production, fuel, storage, and commercialization. The results indicate that distance is the most significant variable in determining freight costs, aligning with operational expenses such as fuel and labor. Additionally, the exchange rate and export volume emerge as key factors, reflecting the macroeconomic context of Brazilian soybean exports. The stratified analysis highlights the differentiation between short, medium, and long-distance freights, showing that different variables influence the price. Short-distance transportation is mainly geared toward the domestic market, while longer distances are more related to export logistics.
The Temporal Dynamics of Blood Lactate Concentration and Oxygen Consumption Following Supra-Maximal Efforts
Authors: Shahidi Seyed Houtan
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: This study aimed to analyze the temporal dynamics of blood lactate concentration and oxy-gen consumption following supra-maximal efforts, providing insights into recovery kinetics and physiologi-cal responses. (2) Methods: Ten highly trained 100-meter sprinters participated. Each athlete completed a graded exercise test (GXT) and a 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test. Blood lactate concentrations were meas-ured before, immediately after, and at intervals up to 20 minutes post-exercise. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was continuously monitored during and after the GXT. (3) Results: Peak blood lactate concentration was reached around 3 minutes post-exercise, averaging 14.9 ± 3.5 mmol/L. Lactate clearance followed a bi-exponential decay, with a rapid initial phase (τ1 = 60 seconds) and a slower secondary phase (τ2 = 300 seconds). Peak VO2 values were high (45.4 ± 4.1 ml/kg/min), reflecting significant aerobic capacity. VO2 re-covery also showed a bi-exponential pattern, suggesting efficient recovery mechanisms. (4) Conclusion: The findings support previous research by demonstrating a high anaerobic glycolytic contribution during sprint-ing and rapid lactate clearance due to effective recovery. The bi-exponential models for both lactate and VO2 kinetics provide deeper insight into metabolic responses and recovery profiles, which are crucial for optimiz-ing training in competitive sports. This study offers valuable data for improving recovery strategies and per-formance in sprint athletes.
Seismo-Hydrogeodynamic Effects Caused by the Earthquake on April 3, 2023, Mw=6.6: As Observed in Wells on the Kamchatka Peninsula
Authors: Kopylova Galina , Boldina Svetlana
Published: October 2024

An earthquake with magnitude of Mw = 6.5–6.6 occurred on April 3, 2023 near the eastern coast of Kamchatka Peninsula (northwest of Pacific seismic belt) at a depth of H = 95 km, causing shaking with intensity of 6 points on the 12-point MSK-64 scale in the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky geodynamic test site, where long-term observations of groundwater pressure in wells are carried out. In wells YuZ-5, E-1, 1303, M-1, located at epicentral distances de = 67–77 km (hypocentral distances dh = 116–122 km), various changes in groundwater pressure/level were recorded: (i) oscillations due to passage of seismic waves, (ii) coseismic jumps of water pressure caused by a change in the static stress state of water-bearing rocks during the formation of rupture in the earthquake source (coseismic effects); (iii) post-seismic effects. In the well E-1, within 93 days before earthquake, a hydrogeodynamic precursor was recording as a lowering in water level/pressure at increased rate. Using this precursor, identified in real time, a forecast conclusion on the strong earthquake possibility was submitted in advance to the Kamchatka branch of the Russian Expert Council for Earthquake Forecasting. The earthquake that occurred was consistent with the forecast in magnitude, time, and location. Seismo-hydrogeodynamic effects in water pressure/level changes recorded in wells YuZ-5 and E-1 corresponded to the previously created typifications of such phenomena for these wells. The issues of creation and verification of seismo-hydrogeodynamic effect typifications for individual observation wells for predicting strong earthquakes and studying the influence of seismicity on groundwater are discussing.
Design and Experimental Evaluation of Multiple 3D-Printed Reduction Gearboxes for Wearable Exoskeletons
Authors: Bezzini Riccardo , Bassani Giulia , Avizzano Carlo Alberto , Filippeschi Alessandro
Published: October 2024

The recent development of Wearable Exoskeletons has stressed their effectiveness in assisting humans for rehabilitation and augmentation purposes. These devices interact with the user, therefore their actuators and power transmission mechanisms are fundamental for improving physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI). The enhanced advancement of 3D-printing technology as a valuable approach for creating light and efficient gearboxes allows for exploring multiple reducers’ designs. However, to the authors’ knowledge, only sporadic implementations with relatively low reduction ratios are reported, and the respective experimental validations usually differ from each other, preventing a comprehensive evaluation of different design and implementation choices. In this paper, we design, develop, and examine experimentally multiple 3D-printed gearboxes conceived for wearable assistive devices. Two relevant transmission ratios (1:30 and 1:80) and multiple designs, that include single and double-stage compact cam cycloidal drives, compound planetary gearboxes, and the series of cycloidal and planetary architectures have been compared to assess the worth of 3D-printed reducers in Human-Robot Interaction applications. The resulting prototypes were examined by evaluating their weight, cost, back-driveability, friction, regularity of the reduction ratio, gear play, and stiffness. The results show that the developed gearboxes represent valuable alternatives for actuating wearable exoskeletons in multiple applications.
Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Infection from Patient Sera in Cell Culture Using Semi-Automated Image Analysis
Authors: Schäfer Noemi , Rothhaar Paul , Heuss Christian , Neumann-Haefelin Christoph , Thimme Robert , Dietz Julia , Sarrazin Christoph , Schnitzler Paul , Merle Uta , Pérez-del-Pulgar Sofía , Laketa Vibor , Lohmann Volker
Published: October 2024

The study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in cell culture is mainly based on cloned viral isolates requiring adaptation for efficient replication in Huh7 hepatoma cells. The analysis of wild type (WT) isolates has been enabled by expression of SEC14L2 and by inhibitors targeting deleterious host factors. Here, we aimed at optimizing cell culture models to allow infection with HCV from patient sera. We used Huh7-Lunet cells ectopically expressing SEC14L2, CD81 and a GFP reporter with nuclear translocation upon cleavage by the HCV protease to study HCV replication, combined with a drug-based regimen for stimulation of non-modified wildtype isolates. RT-qPCR based quantification of HCV infections using patient sera suffered from high background in the daclatasvir treated controls. We therefore established an automated image analysis pipeline based on imaging of whole wells and iterative training of a machine-learning tool, using nuclear GFP localization as a readout for HCV infection. Upon visual validation of hits assigned by the automated image analysis the method revealed no background in daclatasvir treated samples. Thereby, infection events were found for 15 of 34 high titer HCV genotype (gt) 1b sera, revealing a significant correlation of serum titer and successful infection. We further show that transfection of viral RNA extracted from sera can be used in this model as well, albeit with so far limited efficiency. Overall, we generated a robust serum infection assay for gt1b isolates using semi-automated image analysis, which was superior to conventional RT-qPCR based quantification of viral genomes.
Tracking Cardiorespiratory Responses in Real-Time for Argentine Youth Soccer Players During the 20-m Shuttle Run Test
Authors: Bruzzese Martin Fernando , García Gastón César , Arcuri Carlos Rodolfo , Santander Mauro Darío , Secchi Jeremías David , Santos José Augusto Rodrigues , Zacca Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

Argentina is the current and three-time “World Cup” Champion, as well as the current and most successful team in “Copa América” history. We aimed to evaluate the cardiopulmonary fitness profile of youth soccer players from the first league of the Argentine Football Association (AFA). We evaluated ten highly trained youth soccer players from the AFA by applying an on-field cardiopulmonary exercise test (20-meter Shuttle Run Test - 20m-SRT) with wearable gas analyzer (mix-chamber mode). Mean velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (vO2max) was 12.3±0.7 km·h-1. The maximal oxygen uptake (O2max) on-field was 67.1 ± 5.3 mL·kg−1·min−1. The O2 at the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) were identified at 67.0±3.0% and 84.7 ± 3.7%, respectively. Argentine soccer players exhibit exceptional cardiopulmonary fitness, comparable to that of professional athletes, underscoring their potential for high performance. Support staff, fitness or health professionals, and researchers can now compare cardiopulmonary differences between Argentine youth soccer players and other populations.
Revisiting the Anisotropy of the Schwarzschild Metric
Authors: Laforet Christopher
Published: October 2024

The Schwarzschild metric encompasses both exterior and interior regions, with a reversal of signature upon transition from one to the other when using Schwarzschild coordinates. In the interior region, the radial spacelike coordinate transforms into a timelike radius, introducing a time-dependent scale factor on the interior metric's angular term. Though the interior metric is a Kantowski-Sachs type metric, by examining the geometry in Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates, we find that the interior geometry must be spatially isotropic and homogeneous. The azimuthal term of the metric is describing the 'spin' of a reference frame relative to the surrounding shell and it is this spin that goes to infinity at the singularity, not the density of the 2-sphere. After detailed analyses supporting these hypotheses, we investigate why the interior Schwarzschild and FRW metrics, which are both spatially homogeneous and isotropic metrics, treat space and time so differently.
Assessing Grid Reliability for Optimal Integration of System-Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor Technology (SMART) for Kenya: A Case of Nairobi Distribution Network
Authors: Goga Ondiegi Kapis , Chang Choong-koo
Published: October 2024

The integration of advanced nuclear technologies like the System-Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor (SMART) into developing power grids presents unique opportunities for grid reliability. This network, connected to geothermal, hydro, solar, and wind power sources, comprises 220kV and 132kV transmission lines feeding 66kV, 33kV, and 11kV distribution lines to various load centers. As Kenya expands electricity access, maintaining grid stability while integrating new technologies becomes crucial for economic growth. While previous research has examined grid stability with renewable integration, the effects of advanced nuclear technologies in developing grids remain understudied. The study employs ETAP 22 simulation software to model three scenarios: a base case, compensator-only operation, and SMART-SMR integration. The analysis includes steady-state stability and reliability metrics such as SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI, and EENS. Results demonstrate significant improvements with SMART integration: SAIDI reduced by 2.8% to 5.0433 hours/customer-year, SAIFI improved by 5.1% to 0.0516 interruptions/customer-year, and voltage profiles stabilized between 98.21% and 98.91% of nominal. These findings highlight SMART potential to enhance grid performance in developing power systems, offering insights for policymakers towards achieving more reliable and clean energy infrastructure.
Sediment Abrasion Mechanism at the Leading Edge of an Airfoil: Insights from NACA0012 Wear Tests
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhu Lei , Li You Tie , Lu Li , Wang Peng Wan , Meng Long
Published: October 2024

Multiple engineering projects have confirmed that hydraulic machinery operating in sediment-laden rivers suffers from sediment abrasion. Guide vanes are among the most severely worn flow-passing components and have long been a key research focus in hydraulic machinery. This study conducted wear tests using asymmetric incoming flow with a 10° impact angle and an NACA0012 aluminum alloy airfoil as the research object. The development of wear was analyzed, revealing that it primarily occurs at the airfoil’s leading edge and progresses through three stages: initiation, development, and stabilization. The Finnie model was used to analyze the initial wear mechanism, with calculated results closely matching the latest wear outcomes. In the initial stage, wear rate density was influenced by particle impact velocity, angle, volume fraction, and y-direction shear stress. A low-velocity zone near the impact point, combined with rebounding particles causing secondary impacts, increases particle volume fraction and wear rate density. These secondary impacts are the primary causes of wear on both the upstream and downstream surfaces. Furthermore, flow separation downstream of the leading edge makes this region highly susceptible to wear. This study provides valuable insights for addressing wear in hydraulic machinery for practical engineering applications.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Water Physicochemical Status in Pinios River Catchment, at Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Giakoumatos Stephanos D.V. , Skoulikidis Nikolaos Th. , Karavoltsos Sotirios , Sakellari Aikaterini , Dimitriou Elias
Published: October 2024

Knowledge on river quality variations and of exceeding quality limits is essential for the allocation of water to different uses and for applying remedial measures. Thessaly plain was extremely fertile, and up until the early 20th century the area was a breadbasket for Greece. The highly important for the national agricultural production, albeit severely degraded Pinios river, has been assessed for its Chemical-Physicochemical (C-P) status, based on the results of the National Monitoring Program for the years 2018-2020, considering 218 seasonal samples. Forty percent (40%) of the total sample number, and 70% of the 30 monitoring stations revealed a lower than good C-P status, predominately as a result of elevated phosphate, total phosphorous and nitrate concentrations. Exceptionally, the Pinios river seems to be predominately affected by point sources of organic pollution, and secondarily by agricultural return flows and land flushing processes, whereas dominant mineralization and nitrification processes control the concentration and speciation of N and P compounds. The COVID lock-down seems not to have affected aquatic quality through an increase of WWT effluents or/and diminishing of atmospheric pollution, whereas the improvement of C-P status at the river outflow via dilution by local mountain springs is threatened by an ongoing dry spell affecting the country. Within the upcoming RBMPs, urgent remediation measures in Pinios basin should both target point sources of pollution and control agrochemicals, particularly focusing on adaptation strategies on extreme weather events.
Advanced Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Electric Special-Purpose Machines: Enhancing Sustainability and Efficiency in Logistics
Authors: Rustamov Kamoliddin Joraboevich , Ziyayev Kamoliddin Zukhriddinovich , Khankelov Tavbay Qarshiyevich , Komilov Samandar Iskandarovich , Pirnayev Sharofiddin Asatullayevich , Rustamova Nodira Rustamovna
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an advanced and highly sophisticated model for hybrid electric special-purpose machines (HE-SPMs), specifically engineered to significantly enhance sustainability and efficiency in logistics operations. The primary objective of this model is centered around the optimization of energy flow, a feature that has undergone extensive testing and validation to ensure its reliability and effectiveness. The inclusion of auxiliary systems such as cutting-edge cooling and control systems further elevates the overall performance capabilities of the HE-SPMs, resulting in a seamless integration within various industries. By implementing these enhanced systems, substantial reductions in energy consumption and operational costs have been observed and well-documented through compelling case studies in both the construction and transportation sectors. The holistic nature of this approach impeccably aligns with the ongoing global efforts aimed at combating the pressing issue of climate change. By focusing on the development and utilization of eco-friendly technologies, this model actively contributes to the mitigation of harmful environmental impacts and promotes sustainable practices within the logistics industry. To further reinforce the efficacy of this remarkable model, future research endeavors will concentrate on expanding its applications to encompass other logistics domains.
On the Similarity and Differences between NELIBS & NELIPS in Laser Induced Nanomaterials Plasma
Authors: EL Sherbini Ashraf Mohmoud , Aboulfotouh AbdelNasser , EL Sherbini Tharwat Mohmoud
Published: October 2024

The interaction of pulsed lasers with matter involving nanomaterials as a pure target or thin layer deposited on a target, initiates transient plasma which shows strong enhancement in a spectral line emission. This domain of research has been explored via two well established techniques dubbed NELIBS and NELIPS. These Nano-Enhanced Laser Induced Breakdown or Plasma Spectroscopy techniques entail similarities as well as differences. Thereupon, certain confusion has arisen from various aspects of the similarities as well as differences between the two techniques. In this article, we will investigate the application of either technique to retrieve relevant data about enhanced spectral line plasma emission phenomenon. To discriminate between these two techniques, survey on the nature of target, the origin of enhancement and prevalent theoretical approaches is presented. Finally, potential achievements, challenges, and the expected prospective are highlighted.
A Case of Single Surgical Removal of Two Distinct Meningiomas with Different World Health Organization Grades and Subtypes in an Elderly Patient
Authors: Kang Taehyun , Oh Byeong Ho , Lee Jong Beom , Cho Min Jai , Byoun Hyoung Soo , Kim Hong Rye , Lee Mou Seop , Min Kyung Soo
Published: October 2024

Meningioma is one of the most common types of benign primary brain tumors in older adults, and multiple meningiomas are reported in fewer than 1% to 10% of cases. However, there is no definitive treatment guideline for patients with multiple meningiomas. An 80-year-old man presented with abruptly impaired cognition and was found to have two distinct meningiomas located in the temporal and frontal lobes. A single frontotemporal craniotomy was performed to remove both tumors. Pathological analysis revealed different subtypes and World Health Organization grades for each mass. The patient showed symptomatic improvement, experienced no postoperative complications, and exhibited no signs of recurrence during a 1-year follow-up period with evaluations at 3-month intervals. Despite the absence of a standard treatment for multiple meningiomas, surgical resection in a single procedure is feasible in selected patients.
Navigation on Temporal Networks
Authors: Robledo Omar F. , Holme Petter , Wang Huijuan
Published: October 2024

Temporal networks, whose network topology changes over time, are used to represent, e.g., opportunistic mobile networks, vehicle networks, and social contact networks, where two mobile devices (autos or individuals) are connected only when they are close to (interact with) each other. Such networks facilitate the transfer of information. In this paper, we address the problem of navigation on temporal networks: how to route a traffic demand from a source s to a destination d at time ts, based on the network observed before ts? Whenever the node hosting the information has a contact or interacts with another node, the routing method has to decide whether the information should be forwarded to the contacted node or not. Once the information is forwarded, the contacted node becomes the only node hosting the information. Firstly, we introduce a framework of designing navigation algorithms, in which a distance metric is defined and computed between any node to the target d based on the network observed before ts. Whenever a hosting node has a contact, it forwards the information to the contacted node if the contacted node is closer to the target than the hosting node according to the distance metric. Secondly, we propose systematically distance metrics of a node pair in the temporal network observed, that capture different network properties of a node pair. Thirdly, these metrics or routing strategies are evaluated in empirical contact networks, from the perspective of the time duration of the routing and the probability that the destination can be reached. Their performance is further explained via the correlation between distance metrics and the stability of each metric in ranking nodes' distance to a target node. These contributions are deemed as the first step towards navigation on realistic mobile, vehicle or social networks.
Recycling of polystyrene waste (thermocol) using pyrolysis with nano catalyst process into valuable product like fuel.
Authors: Giri Pradnya , Waghmode Shobha , Chapkanade Priyanka , Gadale Sharda
Published: October 2024

Marketed under the trade name Thermocol, expanded polystyrene (EPS) consists of 90–95% polystyrene and 5–10% gaseous blowing agent, such as carbon dioxide or pentane. This polymer is highly consumed because of its many applications across several industries, especially packaging. Owing to its large volume and lack of biodegradability, it makes up a significant portion of the waste stream from municipalities. Long-chain polymer molecules are broken down into small-chain molecules by the pyrolysis process, which requires heat energy. Smaller molecules can be produced by adjusting the reaction's pressure and heat flow. Converting waste plastic into fuel is the most environmentally beneficial way to safeguard the environment since it recovers the organic component of polymeric waste in the form of valuable petroleum products. A study was conducted on dolomite, which is commercially available, and two different nanocatalysts, CaO:MgO and ZnO:CaO:MgO, synthesized in the laboratory. The use of these synthesized nanocatalysts resulted in an increased yield of the oil product than dolomite is used as a catalyst in pyrolysis.
The REV1-Targeting Inhibitor JH-RE-06 Triggers Programmed Cell Death by Regulating NCOA4-Mediated Ferritinophagy and the KEAP1-NRF2-ARE Pathway in CRC Cells
Authors: Cheng Jianhua , Yang Xiaoxia , Zhao Wen , Xu Jie , Hao Yanjie , Wang Feimiao , Xu Fang
Published: October 2024

Oncogenes accelerate DNA replication, triggering excessive replication origin activation. This leads to DNA replication stress and genomic instability in cancer cells, making replication stress a potential therapeutic target. Translesion synthesis (TLS) serves as a compensation mechanism for replication stress, enabling cancer cells to acquire a growth advantage. Cancer cells exploit translesion synthesis (TLS) to circumvent DNA adducts produced by platinum-based chemotherapeutics, leading to the emergence of resistance. Consequently, targeting TLS offers a dual advantage for oncological therapy. The application of the translesion synthesis polymerase REV1 inhibitor JH-RE-06 in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unexplored. The molecular mechanisms by which JH-RE-06 induces programmed cell death have also not been reported. Our findings revealed that JH-RE-06 could trigger programmed cell death in CRC cells.Specifically, JH-RE-06 enhances the level of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP1 in cancer cells, stimulates NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, which results in ferroptosis. Cells activate the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway in response to the oxidative stress caused by JH-RE-06. This programmed cell death (PCD) can be reversed by cysteine-synthesizing pharmaceuticals. While JH-RE-06 does not increase the sensitivity of CRC cells to oxaliplatin, it effectively suppresses clonal proliferation of oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines in vitro and inhibits oxaliplatin-resistant xenograft tumors growth in vivo. The data indicate that JH-RE-06 may serve as a viable second-line chemotherapeutic treatment for CRC in cases of chemoresistance.
Research on the Safety Assessment Method of Coal Mine Gas Situations Using G1-CRITIC Empowered Cloud Model
Authors: Zhang Wenke
Published: October 2024

Scientifically evaluating the safety status of coal mine gas is crucial for effective gas risk management. This paper introduces the WSR theory to analyze the influencing factors of coal mine gas situations across the Wuli, Shili, and Renli dimensions. The G1 method and an improved CRITIC method are employed to calculate the subjective and objective weights of gas situation indicators, respectively. A distance function discrimination method is introduced to achieve comprehensive indicator weighting. Combining these methods with cloud model theory, a cloud model for coal mine gas situation safety assessment is constructed and validated through a case study. The results indicate that the assessment method based on the G1-CRITIC empowered cloud model effectively evaluates the gas safety status of the No. 3 coal seam in Wangzhuang Mine, with a safety level classified as Level II, consistent with the actual situation. This confirms the model’s applicability for assessing coal mine gas safety situations.