bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de ambientes virtuais para vistorias técnicas em auditoria e inspeção de segurança viária: um estudo de caso em trecho rural de rodovia duplicada
Authors: Ribeiro Rogerio Lemos , Andrade Michelle
Published: April 2021

Vistorias técnicas são atividades necessárias em procedimentos do Gerenciamento de Segurança da Infraestrutura Viária (GSIV). Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o uso de ambientes virtuais para realizar vistorias técnicas para o GSIV, especialmente em Auditoria de Segurança Viária (ASV) e Inspeção de Segurança Viária (ISV). Dois grupos de auditores realizaram vistorias de segurança em um trecho rodoviário seguindo métodos diferentes, um grupo por meio de visitação a campo padrão e o outro, pelo procedimento proposto, que emprega realidade virtual (RV). Os resultados foram comparados e testados estatisticamente, e não confirmaram haver diferenças significativas entre os grupos, indicando o potencial de realização de vistorias empregando RV. O uso do procedimento proposto poderá trazer contribuições em termos de segurança dos auditores, ampliação do potencial da ASV pela possibilidade de realizar vistorias virtuais nas fases de projeto e, no futuro, com a redução de custos por visitas a campo.
A method for estimating pedestrian critical gap using microsimulation
Authors: Pereira Bandeira Talyson Pereira , Expósito Martín Lisel , Mendonça de Castro Neto Manoel
Published: April 2021

Estimating critical gap is crucial for modelling pedestrian level of service at crossings. Critical gap modelling becomes more challenging in signalized crossings because the proportion of pedestrians seeking gaps during red is usually unknown. Besides, the willingness – or lack of it – to cross during red signal indication varies by pedestrian and local characteristics, which makes gap acceptance modelling even more challenging. The main objective of this study is to propose a method for estimating pedestrian critical gap at signalized crossings using Vissim. The method considers that all pedestrians seek for gaps on red, and the critical gap parameter is calibrated for each pedestrian type having delay as calibration target. The results showed MAPE values of 2% and 9% for the two studied crossings. This method was compared to three existing methods of critical gap estimation. The results showed that the proposed method yielded the best estimations of delay, followed by the HCM’s.
Investigação do comportamento relativo a viagens encadeadas a partir de participação em atividades, variáveis socioeconômicas e características agregadas das alternativas modais
Authors: Gomes Viviani Antunes , Caldas Marina Urano de Carvalho , Souza Pitombo Cira
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho investiga o comportamento individual, relativo a viagens encadeadas, para uma amostra de trabalhadores através de participação em atividades e de características socioeconômicas. Além disso, este trabalho propõe a inclusão de características modais agregadas, obtidas através do algoritmo Classification And Regression Tree (CART) e da Pesquisa Origem-Destino (Preferência Revelada - PR) de 2007 associada ao município de São Paulo. Especificamente, se propõe a: (1) classificar os indivíduos em grupos que apresentem similares padrões de viagens encadeadas; (2) realizar uma caracterização das alternativas modais a partir de dados de PR; (3) propor um critério para formulação do modelo Logit Multinomial a partir da redução de parâmetros a serem estimados; e (4) mensurar o aprimoramento das estimativas através da inclusão de características das alternativas (tempos médios de viagens). Assim, este estudo está associado às seguintes lacunas: (1) a ausência de dados relativos às alternativas em Pesquisa de PR; (2) a falta de um critério para composição das funções utilidade para o caso de grande conjunto de alternativas e (3) modelagem com base na abordagem de demanda por viagens baseadas em atividades. Levando-se em conta os resultados obtidos, verificou-se a viabilidade do procedimento metodológico proposto considerando as restrições da ferramenta utilizada. Adicionalmente, a modelagem paramétrica apresentou melhoria no modelo a partir da inclusão da variável que caracteriza a alternativa, além de corroborar relações embasadas pela literatura.
ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Chalasani Naga P. , Maddur Haripriya , Russo Mark W. , Wong Robert J. , Reddy K. Rajender ,   on behalf of the Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology
Published: April 2021

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is common in gastroenterology and hepatology practices, and it can have multiple presentations, ranging from asymptomatic elevations in liver biochemistries to hepatocellular or cholestatic jaundice, liver failure, or chronic hepatitis. Antimicrobials, herbal and dietary supplements, and anticancer therapeutics (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immune-checkpoint inhibitors) are the most common classes of agents to cause DILI in the Western world. DILI is a diagnosis of exclusion, and thus, careful assessment for other etiologies of liver disease should be undertaken before establishing a diagnosis of DILI. Model for end-stage liver disease score and comorbidity burden are important determinants of mortality in patients presenting with suspected DILI. DILI carries a mortality rate up to 10% when hepatocellular jaundice is present. Patients with DILI who develop progressive jaundice with or without coagulopathy should be referred to a tertiary care center for specialized care, including consideration for potential liver transplantation. The role of systemic corticosteroids is controversial, but they may be administered when a liver injury event cannot be distinguished between autoimmune hepatitis or DILI or when a DILI event presents with prominent autoimmune hepatitis features.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Children With Cystic Fibrosis Hospitalized With Cirrhosis in the United States
Authors: Thornton Christina , Somayaji Ranjani , Parkins Michael , Swain Mark G. , Ramos Kathleen J. , Goss Christopher H. , Shaheen Abdel A.
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:

To describe the characteristics and outcomes of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) hospitalized with cirrhosis in the United States.

METHODS:

We conducted a population-based cohort study of hospitalizations among children with CF using the 2016 Kid's Inpatient Database.

RESULTS:

In total, 9,615 admissions were analyzed. Diagnosis of cirrhosis was present in 509 (5.3%) and was significantly associated with increased mortality, length of stay, and hospital charges compared with those without cirrhosis. Hepatic encephalopathy was significantly associated with death in children with cirrhosis.

DISCUSSION:

Future interventions should be designed to support children with CF who have cirrhosis to improve clinical outcomes.
Histologic Study of the Esophagogastric Junction of Organ Donors Reveals Novel Glandular Structures in Normal Esophageal and Gastric Mucosae
Authors: Odze Robert , Spechler Stuart J. , Podgaetz Eitan , Nguyen Anh , Konda Vani , Souza Rhonda F.
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Whether cardiac mucosa at the esophagogastric junction is normal or metaplastic is controversial. Studies attempting to resolve this issue have been limited by the use of superficial pinch biopsies, abnormal esophagi resected typically because of cancer, or autopsy specimens in which tissue autolysis in the stomach obscures histologic findings.

METHODS:

We performed histologic and immunohistochemical studies of the freshly fixed esophagus and stomach resected from 7 heart-beating, deceased organ donors with no history of esophageal or gastric disease and with minimal or no histologic evidence of esophagitis and gastritis.

RESULTS:

All subjects had cardiac mucosa, consisting of a mixture of mucous and oxyntic glands with surface foveolar epithelium, at the esophagogastric junction. All also had unique structures we termed compact mucous glands (CMG), which were histologically and immunohistochemically identical to the mucous glands of cardiac mucosa, under esophageal squamous epithelium and, hitherto undescribed, in uninflamed oxyntic mucosa throughout the gastric fundus.

DISCUSSION:

These findings support cardiac mucosa as a normal anatomic structure and do not support the hypothesis that cardiac mucosa is always metaplastic. However, they do support our novel hypothesis that in the setting of reflux esophagitis, reflux-induced damage to squamous epithelium exposes underlying CMG (which are likely more resistant to acid-peptic damage than squamous epithelium), and proliferation of these CMG as part of a wound-healing process to repair the acid-peptic damage could result in their expansion to the mucosal surface to be recognized as cardiac mucosa of a columnar-lined esophagus.
Burden of Ionizing Radiation in the Diagnosis and Management of Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Thiruvengadam Nikhil R. , Miranda Janille , Kim Christopher , Behr Spencer , Corvera Carlos , Dai Sun-Chuan , Kirkwood Kimberly , Harris Hobart W. , Hirose Kenzo , Nakakura Eric , Ostroff James W. , Kochman Michael L. , Arain Mustafa A.
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:

A step-up endoscopic or percutaneous approach improves outcomes in necrotizing pancreatitis (NP). However, these require multiple radiographic studies and fluoroscopic procedures, which use low-dose ionizing radiation. The cumulative radiation exposure for treatment of NP has not been well defined.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective study of consecutive patients with NP admitted to University of California San Francisco Medical Center from January 2011 to June 2019. We calculated effective doses for fluoroscopic procedures using the dose area product and used the National Cancer Institute tool for computed tomography studies. The primary outcome was the cumulative effective dose (CED). Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors of high exposure (CED > 500 mSv).

RESULTS:

One hundred seventy-one patients with NP (mean follow-up 40 ± 18 months) underwent a median of 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 5–11) computed tomography scans and 7 (IQR 5–12) fluoroscopic procedures. The median CED was 274 mSv (IQR 177–245) and 30% (51) of patients received high exposure. Risk factors of high exposure include multiorgan failure (aOR 3.47, 95%-CI: 1.53–9.88, P = 0.003), infected necrosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.89 95%-CI:1.53–9.88, P = 0.005), and step-up endoscopic approach (aOR 1.86, 95%-CI: 1.41–1.84, P = 0.001) when compared with step-up percutaneous approach.

DISCUSSION:

Patients with NP were exposed to a substantial amount of ionizing radiation (257 mSv) as a part of their treatment, and 30% received more than 500 mSv, which corresponds with a 5% increase in lifetime cancer risk. Severity of NP and a step-up endoscopic approach were associated with CED > 500 mSv. Further studies are needed to help develop low-radiation treatment protocols for NP, particularly in patients receiving endoscopic therapy.
STRATEGIC MODULATION OF THERMAL TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY RATIO PRODUCED FROM PV/T MODULE
Authors: Aminou Moussavou Anges A. , Raji Atanda K. , Adonis Marco
Published: April 2021

Several strategies have been developed to enhance the performance of a solar photovoltaicthermal (PV/T) system in buildings. However, these systems are limited by the cost, complex structure and power consumed by the pump. This paper proposes an optimisation method conversion strategy that modulates the ratio of thermal to electrical energy from the photovoltaic (PV) cell, to increase the PV/T system’s performance. The design and modelling of a PV cell was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the heat transfer occurring in the PV cell model, which converts the radiation (solar) into heat and electricity. A linear regression equation curve was used to define the ratio of thermal to electrical energy technique, and the behavioural patterns of various types of power (thermal and electrical) as a function of extrinsic cell resistance (Rse). The simulation results show an effective balance of the thermal and electrical power when adjusting the Rse. The strategy to modulate the ratio of thermal to electrical energy from the PV cell may optimise the PV/T system’s performance. A change of Rse might be an effective method of controlling the amount of thermal and electrical energy from the PV cell to support the PV/T system temporally, based on the energy need. The optimisation technique of the PV/T system using the PV cell is particularly useful for households since they require electricity, heating, and cooling. Applying this technique demonstrates the ability of the PV/T system to balance the energy ( thermal and electrical) produced based on the weather conditions and the user’s energy demands.
SIMULATION OF T-JOINTS BETWEEN RHS STEEL MEMBERS WITH OFFSET IN ABAQUS CAE
Authors: Kalmykova Svitlana
Published: April 2021

The current paper focuses on numerical simulation peculiarities of offset welded rectangular hollow section joints. Understanding the modelling techniques can result in easier and faster and above all correct outcomes from FEA for future use. The steel joints under discussion are composed from cold-formed regular rectangular hollow sections where RHS brace members are laterally shifted from chord axis. Joints work under monotonically increasing compression load applied to a brace top. Numerical models were developed in FE programme Abaqus. FE-models is composed of C3D8R 8-noded solid linear brick elements with an emphasis on mesh size effect and modelling of a weld seam. FE advanced model were compiled considering both material and geometric nonlinearities. For validation purposes, the full-scale laboratory tests were conducted. Proposed FE models reliably predict the structural behaviour of welded offset T-joints thanks to good agreement achieved on deformation limit 3 % b0 with the maximum deviation 10.3 %.
BEAM ELEMENT UNDER FINITE ROTATIONS
Authors: La Malfa Ribolla Emma , Jirásek Milan , Horák Martin
Published: April 2021

The present work focuses on the 2-D formulation of a nonlinear beam model for slender structures that can exhibit large rotations of the cross sections while remaining in the small-strain regime. Bernoulli-Euler hypothesis that plane sections remain plane and perpendicular to the deformed beam centerline is combined with a linear elastic stress-strain law.The formulation is based on the integrated form of equilibrium equations and leads to a set of three first-order differential equations for the displacements and rotation, which are numerically integrated using a special version of the shooting method. The element has been implemented into an open-source finite element code to ease computations involving more complex structures. Numerical examples show a favorable comparison with standard beam elements formulated in the finite-strain framework and with analytical solutions.
OPTIMIZATION OF TUNED MASS DAMPERS ATTACHED TO DAMPED STRUCTURES - MINIMIZATION OF MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT AND ACCELERATION
Authors: Štěpánek Jan , Máca Jiří
Published: April 2021

A tuned mass damper is a device, which can be highly helpful while dealing with dynamic behaviour of structures. Its proper design is conditioned by knowledge of both loading and the structure properties. In many cases, the structure can be represented by single degree of freedom model, which simplifies the design and optimization of tuned mass dampers. Most of studies focus only on minimization of displacement of the main structure under harmonic force load, however, in many cases, different frequency response function would be more appropriate. This paper presents an extension of design formulas for the H∞ optimization of tuned mass dampers for damped structures and various frequency response functions.
AUTOMATED BIM ENTITY RECONSTRUCTION FROM UNSTRUCTURED 3D POINTCLOUDS
Authors: Voříšek Jan , Patzák Bořek , Dvořáková Edita , Rypl Daniel
Published: April 2021

Laser scanning is used widely in architecture and construction to document existing buildings by providing accurate data for creating a 3D model. The output is a set of data points in space, so-called point cloud. While point clouds can be directly rendered and inspected, they do not hold any semantics. Typically, engineers manually obtain floor plans, structural models, or the whole BIM model, which is a very time-consuming task for large building projects. In this contribution, we present the design and concept of a PointCloud2BIM library [1]. It provides a set of algorithms for automated or user assisted detection of fundamental entities from scanned point cloud data sets, such as floors, rooms, walls, and openings, and identification of the mutual relationships between them. The entity detection is based on a reasonable degree of human interaction (i.e., expected wall thickness). The results reside in a platform-agnostic JSON database allowing future integration into any existing BIM software.
The Studies of Architectural Design Method
Authors: Indrosaptono Djoko , Andadari Tri Susetyo , Setiyawan Alfanadi Agung
Published: April 2021

The design processes and strategies applied to each architect in carrying out their design tasks are different. The stages in producing architectural work can be based on the theory of certain design methods, intuition or design experience from each architect. As an architect, it is mandatory to know the design process in accordance with existing methods. There are several variables in the design method according to Jones and Schmitt. And this study aims to find the variables most widely used by 8 architects in designing. Including the average of the variables it uses. The method used in this research is quantitative method with one way ANOVA (analysis of variant) as its statistical analysis, by examining the mean difference between the research objects. The literature study was used to obtain an analysis of the design process and the methods used by 4 well-known architects as their secondary empirical data source, while field observations in the form of direct interviews were carried out to obtain the reality of the design process for 4 local architects with various backgrounds and characteristics as well as different architectural works. The end result shows that the average level of architects in the use of research variables is not much different and the design process variables that are most often used by architects in carrying out architectural designs, are the clarity of the need for the design function, the use of the drawing system and the design results that are meaningful and logical.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Demokratis Kepala Ruang Rawat Inap Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Perawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Aro Pekalongan
Authors: Rahardjo Broto , Suryawati Chriswardani , Agushybana Farid
Published: April 2021

Leadership styles that are less suitable can reduce employee motivation, performance and job satisfaction. 4 out of 10 nurses in the inpatient room of Aro Pekalongan General Hospital felt dissatisfied with the leadership of the head of the inpatient room. Therefore a study was conducted to analyze the influence of the democratic leadership style of the inpatient head on the job satisfaction of nurses in Aro Pekalongan General Hospital.The study design was cross sectional with an observational quantitative approach. The research subjects were 32 nurses in the inpatient room of Aro General Hospital who were selected by the total sampling method. Data was collected by questionnaire. Processing and analysis of data using multiple logistic regression analysis.The results showed the variables of democratic leadership style related to nurse job satisfaction in Aro Pekalongan Hospital were delegation of responsibility variables (p = 0.005) and headroom decision-making variables (p = 0.034), while other variables not related to nurse job satisfaction were variable of headroom activity (p = 0.077) and empathy variable (p = 0.075). The variable delegation of tagging answers to the head of the room has a 19 times better effect on influencing nurse job satisfaction compared to the head of the room with poor delegation of responsibilities (p = 0.011 Exp (B) = 19.826).       It is recommended for management for periodic monitoring and evaluation, the selection of the head of the room is based on the length of work, competence and experience of advice for the head of the room to improve effective communication and hold regular meetings with nurses in the inpatient room of Aro Pekalongan General Hospital.
Compensation, Job Stress, and Job Satisfaction on Nurse Turnover Intention at Ananda Bekasi Hospital
Authors: Amanda Novi , Anindita Rina , Hilmy M. Reza
Published: April 2021

One of the high turnover rates in the hospital occurs in nurses. More attention is needed because turnover can be detrimental to the organization, in terms of cost, resources, and effectiveness of nursing. The research objective is to obtain empirical evidence whether there is an effect of compensation, job stress and job satisfaction on turnover intention at Ananda Bekasi Hospital in 2020. The research method is to use causality design based on the time dimension of one short study. The sample used was saturated sampling, that is, the entire population was sampled for 100 inpatient nurses. The data analysis method uses Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results found no negative and significant effect between compensation for turnover intention. There is a positive and significant effect between work stress on turnover intention. There is a negative and significant effect between job satisfaction on turnover intention, and there is an influence between compensation, job stress and job satisfaction on turnover intention. Research findings, that the variable that most influences turnover intention is work stress variable. Managerial implications are expected Ananda Bekasi Hospital to calculate salaries based on the remuneration system, the appropriate assignment system, conduct workload analysis and nurse career development
Studi Implementasi Sistem Rujukan Berjenjang Antar Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Lanjut di Era JKN di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Arifah Nur , Anggraeni Rini , Mangilep Adelia U. A.
Published: April 2021

One of the determinants of achieving quality control and cost control is the implementation of tiered referral health. This research was motivated by the absence of research on the implementation of referrals from FKTP to FKTL. Data from RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo’s annual report showed in 2015 and first half of 2016, >60% cases in class A hospital were level 1 severity case which should still be handle in class D and C hospitals. This affects the accumulation of patiens in tertiary hospitals and inefficient use of resources. It is a qualitative research with phenomenology approach to determine the implementation of a tiered referral system between advanced health facilities in JKN era in South Sulawesi. The results shows most of referral were made due to facilities limitation and inavailability of specialist.  There were referrals which made based on patients requests not based on clinical reasons. It is also found hospital staff who did not know about the existing of standard operational procedure of referral in the hospital. Some hospital staff has no knowledge on the referral regulation nor about hospital classification. This research is expected to be able to contribute to the development of science and can be used as input for hospitals and BPJS in an effort to improve the optimization of tiered referral services. Based on the results of the study it is recommended to improve facilities and infrastructure that can support the provision of referral services in hospitals.
The Analysis of Lamongan Toddler Nutrition Care (PELITA LA) Program in Dradah Health Center Lamongan
Authors: Rahmawati Aulia Firda , Husodo Besar Tirto , Handayani Novia
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The prevalence of stunting in Lamongan is reaching 35,5%, so the efforts to reduce the prevalence of stunting in Lamongan was implementing the Lamongan Toddler Nutrition Care program. There is no evidence of the successes of that program. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of the Lamongan Toddler Nutrition Care (PELITA LA) program on stunting in Lamongan, East Java.Methods: This research uses qualitative methods with in-depth interview data collection techniques and includes descriptive research. The sample of this research is 5 respondents who are selected using purposive sampling. This research has been approved as ethical by the ethics committee. The process of data analysis in this study starts by collecting data from the interview results and then reducing the data that has been generated. After that, the data are presented and concluded.Result: The results showed that not all the the village health workers had received training, the infrastructure was insufficient and there were no program implementation guidelines so can influence prevalence stunting. However, the process of management like planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling have been good. In another statement about the successes of the program is decreasing the prevalence of the stunting and increasing the participants’ knowledge but the participants are not measured with certainty to find out their knowledge.Conclusion: The conclusion is the nutrition care program for Lamongan toddlers at the Lamongan Health Center has not been running optimally because the input and output aspects have not been going well
Bend me, stretch me: connecting learning design to choice
Authors: Vallis Carmen , Shalavin Courtney
Published: April 2021

Active and interactive learning approaches in course design are widely supported as increasing student engagement and learning outcomes in blended or technology-enhanced environments. As such, designing for student engagement in self-paced distance and online learning environments is a growing area of research. However, learning is increasingly developed and delivered via the institutional LMS where the design and sequencing of content is linear and has an inherent directional flow. Learner choice in navigation and activity in online learning environments may also impact learner engagement but there is less research on these factors. In this research project, we evaluate the redesign and prototype of one week of a first-year business subject that offers learner choice in navigating the online environment and choice of activity. Insights into the innovative educational design and implementation of non-linear and interactive learning are presented within an Australian higher education business context, where flexibility and choice emerge as key design affordances.
W splocie z przeszłością. Historiografia w literaturze dla dzieci i młodzieży w XXI wieku w perspektywie nowej humanistyki
Authors: Wądolny-Tatar Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

Literature for children and youth is reinterpreted under the influence of the new humanities. For example, prose from the 20th century is subjected to postcolonial read-outs (In Desert and Wilderness [W pustyni i w puszczy] by Henryk Sienkiewicz, the novel cycle by Alfred Szklarski), an eco-critical reading of the works of Tove Jansson, Hugh Lofting and the Polish writers Ludwik Jerzy Kern and Dorota Terakowska is proposed. On the other hand, works based on historical issues create a thematically focused series of publications, genealogical and geanological cycles, which are also fictionalized biographies, separate works referring to the lineage of the Polish state and dynastic linagees, post-memory narratives of a so-called “second generation” about the experience of the Second World War, and works on migration issues. The examples of literary historiography for adolescents mentioned and described in the article, captured in several areas of the formal issues, can be read through the prism of many analytical and interpretative practices, overlapping and incompletemethodologies. Retentional direction of reading, with the horizon of the past inscribed in it, does not exclude a protentional-oriented towards the future and environmental change, motivated by postcolonial revisions of old works, important issues of the 21st century (migration, post-memory), and a non-anthropocentric perception of reality. Their analysis should take into account the “poetics of history”, tropology of the narrative and narrative strategies (which Hayden White wrote about). Moreover, entangling the past with the present of the child-reader (and in fact with their future), seems to be a necessary condition for its interiorization, for recognizing it as one’s own, for admitting it. It always has a multitemporal, multigenerational and multicultural character.
Gapienie się a prawo głosu. O przemianach obrazu niepełnosprawności we współczesnej polskiej literaturze dla dzieci
Authors: Kwiatkowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

The article analyses the way in which disability is portrayed in contemporary Polish literature for children, with a particular emphasis on the latest literature. Rosemarie Garland-Thomson’s theory of the baroque stare is applied in the analysis and allows the reconstruction of a network of stares in which the disabled are entangled, and also to reconstruct the place attributed to them in society. In a number of texts, a confrontation with onlookers turns out to be an introduction to a dialogue that gives a disabled person a chance to express their feelings and needs. However, the increasingly common portrayal of disability in the social category does not free literature from stereotypes.
Polityka językowa i tożsamość kulturowa mniejszości
Authors: Boroń Aleksandra
Published: April 2021

The text aims to draw attention to the language policy involved in the processes of constructing the cultural identity of minorities. Discussion focuses on the two basic dichotomies of assimilationism-isolationism and empowerment-objectification and indicates selected aspects of language policy and educational practices in France, China and Israel.
Od małego „Dyzia” do dorosłego „rycerza z La Manchy”. Analiza problemu marzycielstwa u dzieci i młodzieży z perspektywy kulturowo-historycznej teorii rozwoju
Authors: Gąsiorek Przemysław
Published: April 2021

This study describes the issue of maladaptive daydreaming. This phenomenon is becoming a contemporary educational problem because it limits the development potential of children and adolescents as well as their interpersonal relations. The field of possible understanding of maladaptive daydreamingin relation to terms related in meaning was outlined, as well as the current attempts at its scientific conceptualization. In my analysis, I go beyond the dualistic understanding of the children’s real and imaginary world, referring to the cultural-historical theory of the development of creative imagination as a higher mental function as an internalized system of social relations. From this perspective, the phenomenon of daydreaming in children and adolescents, in relation to reality, is not treated in a dichotomous way, but as a social development situation.
Innovative practice model to optimize resource utilization and improve access to care for high-risk and BRCA+ patients
Authors: Head Linden , Nessim Carolyn , Usher Boyd Kirsty
Published: April 2021

Background: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) has shown breast cancer risk reduction in high-risk/BRCA+ patients. However, priority of active cancers coupled with inefficient use of operating room (OR) resources presents challenges in offering BPM in a timely manner. To address these challenges, a rapid access prophylactic mastectomy and immediate reconstruction (RAPMIR) program was innovated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate RAPMIR with regards to access to care and efficiency. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of all high-risk/BRCA+ patients having had BPM between September 2012 and August 2014. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those managed through the traditional model and those managed through the RAPMIR model. RAPMIR leverages 2 concurrently running ORs with surgical oncology and plastic surgery moving between rooms to complete 3 combined BPMs with immediate reconstruction in addition to 1–2 independent cases each operative day. RAPMIR eligibility criteria included high-risk/BRCA+ status; BPM with immediate, implant-based reconstruction; and day surgery candidacy. Wait times, case volumes and patient throughput were measured and compared. Results: There were 16 traditional patients and 13 RAPMIR patients. Mean wait time (days from referral to surgery) for RAPMIR was significantly shorter than for the traditional model (165.4 v. 309.2 d, p = 0.027). Daily patient throughput (4.3 v. 2.8), plastic surgery case volume (3.7 v. 1.6) and surgical oncology case volume (3.0 v. 2.2) were significantly greater in the RAPMIR model than the traditional model (p = 0.003, p < 0.001 and p = 0.015, respectively). Conclusion: A multidisciplinary model with optimized scheduling has the potential to improve access to care and optimize resource utilization.
p-harmonic functions by way of intrinsic mean value properties
Authors: Arroyo Ángel , Llorente José G.
Published: April 2021

Let Ω be a bounded domain in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

. Under appropriate conditions on Ω, we prove existence and uniqueness of continuous functions solving the Dirichlet problem associated to certain nonlinear mean value properties in Ω with respect to balls of variable radius. We also show that, when properly normalized, such functions converge to the p-harmonic solution of the Dirichlet problem in Ω for

p
⩾
2

{p\geqslant 2}

. Existence is obtained via iteration, a fundamental tool being the construction of explicit universal barriers in Ω.
Bilateral estimates of solutions to quasilinear elliptic equations with sub-natural growth terms
Authors: Verbitsky Igor E.
Published: April 2021

We study
quasilinear elliptic equations of the type

-

Δ
p

⁢
u

=

σ
⁢

u
q

+
μ

{-\Delta_{p}u=\sigma u^{q}+\mu}

in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

in the
case

0
<
q
<

p
-
1

{0<q<p-1}

, where μ and σ are nonnegative measurable functions, or locally finite measures, and

Δ
p

⁢
u

=

div
⁡

(

|

∇
⁡
u

|

p
-
2

⁢

∇
⁡
u

)

{\Delta_{p}u=\operatorname{div}(\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{p-2}\nabla u)}

is the p-Laplacian. Similar equations with
more general local and nonlocal operators in place of

Δ
p

{\Delta_{p}}

are treated as well.
We obtain existence criteria and global bilateral pointwise estimates for all positive solutions u:

u
⁢

(
x
)

≈

(

𝐖
p

⁢
σ
⁢

(
x
)

)

p
-
q

p
-
q
-
1

+

𝐊

p
,
q

⁢
σ
⁢

(
x
)

+

𝐖
p

⁢
μ
⁢

(
x
)

,

x
∈

ℝ
n

,

u(x)\approx({\mathbf{W}}_{p}\sigma(x))^{\frac{p-q}{p-q-1}}+{\mathbf{K}}_{p,q}%
\sigma(x)+{\mathbf{W}}_{p}\mu(x),\quad x\in\mathbb{R}^{n},

where

𝐖
p

{{\mathbf{W}}_{p}}

and

𝐊

p
,
q

{{\mathbf{K}}_{p,q}}

are, respectively, the Wolff potential and the intrinsic Wolff potential, with the constants of equivalence depending only on p, q, and n.
The contributions of μ and σ in these pointwise estimates
are totally separated, which
is a new phenomenon even when

p
=
2

{p=2}

.
M-projective curvature tensor on an (LCS)2n+1-manifold
Authors: Shanmukha B. , Venkatesha V.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we study M-projective curvature tensors on an

(
LCS
)

2
⁢
n

+
1

{(\mathrm{LCS})_{2n+1}}

-manifold. Here we study M-projectively Ricci symmetric and M-projectively flat admitting spacetime.
The Super State: The Political Economy of Phosphate Fertilizer Use in South Australia, 1880–1940
Authors: Byerlee Derek
Published: April 2021

From 1882 to 1910 superphosphate was almost universally adopted by wheat farmers in South Australia. A supply chain perspective is used to link the mining of phosphate rock in distant Pacific islands to the final application of superphosphate in the fields of Australian wheat farmers. Farmers and private manufacturers led the adoption stage in the context of a liberal market regime and the role of the state at this stage was limited although strategic. After 1920, the role of the state in the industry sharply increased in all phases of the industry. A political economy perspective is used to analyse state-ownership of raw material supplies and protectionist policies to manufacturers that resulted in high prices in Australia by 1930. Numerous government reviews pitted the interests of farmers and manufacturers leading to a complex system of tariffs and subsidies in efforts to serve all interests. Overall, the adoption of superphosphate was a critical factor in developing productive and sustainable farming systems in Australia, although at the expense of Pacific Islanders who prior to WWII received token benefits and were ultimately left with a highly degraded landscape.
Phenomenological analysis of constrained in-plane compression of paperboard using micro-computed tomography Imaging
Authors: Wallmeier Malte , Barbier Christophe , Beckmann Felix , Brandberg August , Holmqvist Claes , Kulachenko Artem , Moosmann Julian , Östlund Sören , Pettersson Torbjörn
Published: April 2021

Large deformations under in-plane compression of paperboard appear in forming processes like hydroforming, pressforming and deep drawing, but the mechanisms of deformation have not been studied on a micromechanical level. A constrained in-plane compression test is presented. This test allows for in-plane compression, buckling, wrinkling and compaction. The constrained compression test is realized using a DEBEN CT-500 in-situ tester for laboratory microtomography and synchrotron microtomography. Experiments with five different materials spanning from laboratory handsheets to commercially available multi-layered paperboards are performed. Image processing is used to observe the local out-of-plane fiber orientation and compaction. A phenomenological investigation of the deformation behavior of these materials is presented. Delamination is found to be the primary mechanisms of failure in the multi-layered boards. Furthermore, a porous network structure, created by using long and minimally refined softwood fibers, is found to facilitate the formation of uniform wrinkles and compaction.
Die Zukunft der Schuldenbremse nach der Pandemie
Authors: Blesse Sebastian , Heinemann Friedrich , Janeba Eckhard , Nover Justus
Published: April 2021

The German constitutional fiscal rule (the „debt brake“) is increasingly subject to a reform debate that has intensified with the fiscal fallout from the Covid-19 pandemic. This article presents survey evidence from the German state parliaments on views and preferences for the future of Germany’s fiscal rule. The survey among all 16 state parliaments was conducted between May and July 2020 with a participation of almost 30 per cent of all state parliamentarians. The results indicate that the debt brake still enjoys a large general support from more than two thirds of the parliamentarians. However, a reform in the direction of an investment clause is increasingly popular, much more than a clause that would support debt-financed climate policy measures.
Die Corona-Schulden gehören ins Endlager
Authors: Südekum Jens
Published: April 2021

Germany and other European countries have piled up considerable public debt in response to the Corona crisis. But owing to the ultra-low interest rates, which are likely to remain for the foreseeable future, there are no concerns regarding debt sustainability. Quickly paying down this debt by imposing austerity would be the wrong strategy from an economic point of view, but it could nevertheless imposed by existing fiscal rules. Those rules should be reformed quickly. The right way to handle the Corona debts is to engage in debt rollover, that is, to essentially inflate them away in times of negative real interest rates.
Donald Trump and European Allies: American Experts on the Future of NATO
Authors:   Saratov State University, Goloub Yuri , Shenin Sergei ,   Saratov State University
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the perception in the United States of the Trump administration‟s policy regarding NATO, the role of European countries, and the possibility of reforming the alliance. In the context of comparing this policy with the efforts of previous administrations, the authors study the attitudes of the most active political expert groups (liberals, realists, conservatives, and neoconservatives). It is concluded that the vast majority of the expert community considers it necessary to transform relations with the allies in the context of the ongoing bipartisan strategy of “pivot to Asia”, which implies an increase in European countries‟ defense spending with the EU being responsible for the security on the continent. All leading political expert groups agree that Trump‟s policy is generally consistent with this strategy, but its effectiveness is evaluated differently. It is assumed that the presidential victory of J. Biden will mean accelerating the implementation of the strategy of “pivot to Asia” and an autonomizaton of the defense potential of Europe.
State Stimulation of Innovation Activities in Switzerland and Russia
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Belozyorov Sergey , Zabolotskaya Victoria ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: April 2021

The article explores the system of State Financing of Research and Development (R&D) of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in Switzerland. Authors outlined the results of their analysis of key state institutions of financial support. The innovative vector of Swiss economy with a focus on its own financial resources, a developed national scientific and educational environment, as well as mechanisms of tax incentives for scientific and innovative activities of large, small and medium-sized enterprises at the regional level allowed Switzerland to become one of the leaders in the world innovation market. Russia can borrow the experience of Switzerland in the development of multichannel and targeted financial support for innovative activities of SMEs carrying out R&D in areas of scientific and technological development and focus on the production of science-intensive products. A certain exemption from the income tax and a reduction in the rate of insurance tax to SME employees engaged in innovative activities in priority sectors of Russia, the introduction of tax incentives and tax deductions such as patent boxes and super deductions will ensure the increase of the number of SMEs and in their contribution to GDP, will boost a competitiveness of the manufactured high technology products. The Swiss case will help to improve the mechanisms for integrating academic and university science with government and non-government organizations and SMEs in order to accelerate the commercialization of scientific research and the development of international network cooperation. The development of forms of integration cooperation between financial investors and youth small enterprises, start-up leaders and technology start-ups adapted to the Russian realities will allow to increase the level of interaction between the state in the field of higher education and science with large business and SMEs and to solve the priority tasks of training qualified personnel in innovation-oriented sectors of the economy.
“Non-Recognition” of the EAEU by the European Union: Political Aspects
Authors:   Paris 2 Panthéon Assas University, Bolonina
Published: April 2021

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) positions itself as an open integration formation and considers the cooperation with external partners as a key feature of its functioning. However, while it is developing a growing network of trade agreements in the framework of a Great Eurasian Partnership, it faces difficulties in establishing a formal dialogue with a neighboring integration formation – the European Union (EU). In this article we propose to analyze political causes of such “non-recognition”, conditioned by the context of political tensions between Russia and the EU countries and by the perception of the EAEU as a tool for promotion of an integration model, alternative to the European one. The article offers recommendations to enhance the dialogue between the two integration unions, oriented at strengthening of objective economic prerequisites for EU ‒ EAEU cooperation, as well as at the formation of the EAEU identity, separate from the identities of its member-states.
Montenegrin Miracle: Dismantling of the M. Djukanovic’s Regime
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kandel Pavel
Published: April 2021

Theme of the paper: the confrontation between the government and opposition forces with regard to the parliamentary elections of August 30, 2020. The paper analyzes the factors behind the opposition's first victory through the prism of the thirty year-long period. The author gives credit to the MontenegrinPrimorye Metropolia of the Serbian Orthodox Church, which made a decisive contribution to the defeat of the incumbent authorities, i.e. the politically disoriented President and the government who entered into conflict with the hierarchs through their arrogant and short-sighted monopoly rule. It was precisely the Church circles led by the late Metropolitan Amphilochius who managed to consolidate the ever-quarreling opposition, give them a new promising leader and offer an effective political platform that made the unification of the proEuropean and Pro-Serbian parts of the opposition possible. The paper examines the international reaction to the transfer of power and its internal and foreign policy consequences. Chances of the new Cabinet of experts summoned by Zdravko Krivokapic to complete a full time are not too high. The trouble of the present coalition is not only its slim – by only one Assembly mandate – majority. The majority itself is extremely fragile, since the leaders of the Democratic Front, which forms the core of its pro-Serbian part, do not hide their feeling of being deceived and deprived of the division of trophies. Thereby they consider holding a snap parliamentary election almost a single task of the Cabinet. However, the government is already able to start dismantling the existing authoritarian regime of Milo Djukanovic. As far as its foreign policy is concerned it can be assumed that the new authorities would try to normalize relations with Serbia and Russia, deliberately damaged by Milo Djukanovic, but the fundamentals of the priority relations with the EU and NATO will remain unchanged.
The Residential Energy Cost Reduction Programme in Hungary
Authors:   Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Weiner Czaba , Szép Tekla ,   University of Miskolc
Published: April 2021

The article outlines the positive and negative effects as well as the policy context of Hungary’s residential energy cost reduction programme initiated in 2013. This programme has occupied a permanent and high-profile place on Hungary’s political agenda and has been shaping the country’s economic policy, energy policy and the everyday lives of Hungarian households. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are applied. The logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method is applied to decompose the absolute change in residential energy consumption between 2010 and 2017. The results show that decreasing energy prices for households had a positive impact on their energy use only in the first few years of the programme’s implementation. The authors conclude that the programme was realised without the necessary policy background. A significantly declining ratio of residential expenditure on energy services in total expenditure, decreased inflation rate and considerably improved socio-economic situation of the majority of the population are identified as positive effects. However, the programme discourages energy conservation and energy efficiency, erodes the competitiveness of renewables, reduces capital formation in the energy sector, deteriorates security of supply, and increases energy prices for non-household customers