bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leptin/Melanocortin Pathway in Cholelithiasis Patients: A Diagnostic Perspective
Authors: Agbektas Tugba , Guclu Gulsen , Tas Ayca , Ozmen Esma , Topcu Omer , Aydin Suleyman , Silig Yavuz
Published: November 2024

Background:

Cholelithiasis is the most prevalent inflammatory condition of the gallbladder.
The regulation of biological processes, including energy homeostasis, and control of
body weight are key mechanisms that the leptin and melanocortin pathways play a role in
Cholelithiasis is the most prevalent inflammatory condition of the gallbladder. There are various
risk factors for the development of gallstone disease, especially weight gain, and obesity is just
one of them. This risk factor can be minimized by maintaining appetite and energy balance. Here,
leptin and melanocortin pathways are the key mechanisms in maintaining appetite and energy
homeostasis.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the levels of LEP,
LEPR, TrkB, BDNF, POMC, and MC4R proteins in patients with Cholelithiasis. This study aims
to determine the relationship between LEP, LEPR, TrkB, BDNF, POMC, and MC4R protein levels,
which play a role in maintaining appetite and energy homeostasis, and cholelithiasis.

Methods:

This study examined 44 patients diagnosed with Cholelithiasis and 44 healthy control
subjects who had not previously been diagnosed with any form of Cholelithiasis. The levels of
leptin (LEP), Leptin Binds To Leptin Receptors (LEPR), Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase B (TrkB),
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Pro-OpioMelanoCortin (POMC), and Melanocortin-
4 Receptors (MC4R) molecules were analyzed using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
(ELISA) method. The results were analyzed using the SPSS Software (Version 22.0) program
and GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 software.

Results:

The study found a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) in MC4R, TrkB, BDNF,
and POMC protein levels in Cholelithiasis patients compared to the control group. There was no
statistically significant difference in LEP and LEPR concentration values between the two groups
(p = 0.247, p = 0.674).

Conclusion:

The proteins MC4R, TrkB, BDNF, and POMC, which are involved in the leptin and
melanocortin pathways may play a significant role in Cholelithiasis disease. However, more detailed
research on the relevant proteins is needed. Nevertheless, this research will guide new
studies.
Synthesis, Docking, and Biological Studies of Pyrazine Derivatives as Antimycobacterial Agents
Authors: Gangarapu Nagaraja Reddy , Ranganatham A , Reddy Eeda Koti , Kumar Chakka Kiran , Yellappa Shivaraj , Chandrasekhar Kothapalli Bannoth , Manickan Elanchezhiyan
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

A series of novel 2-((3,5-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)amino)-1-(piperidin-1-
yl/pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethanone derivatives (5a-5l) were synthesized and evaluated for their tuberculosis
activity using the standard strain H37Rv and two other clinically isolated multidrug-resistant
strains with different resistances.

Method:

All compounds 5a-5l showed promising results in tuberculosis activity. Among them, 5g
and 5i demonstrated remarkable activity at 5 μg/mL against H37Rv and three other MDR strains.
The compounds 5c, 5d, and 5f were sensitive, showing inhibition between 15-25 μg/mL against M.
tuberculosis growth. In-silico docking studies were conducted for 5a-5l using the 2FUM protein of
M. tuberculosis.

Result:

These studies revealed that compounds 5g and 5i exhibited strong interactions with the
MTB protein, with binding energies of -9.85 kcal/mol and -10.74 kcal/mol, respectively, and inhibitory
concentrations of 0.38 μM and 0.77 μM.

Conclusion:

Moreover, these motifs also displayed good binding energy coupled with favorable
minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC).
From Biofuel to Bioactive Compounds: Investigating Jatropha's Phytochemical and Biological Significance - A Review
Authors: Srivastva Swati , Sharma Vikram , Mittal Ravi K
Published: November 2024

Objective:

This review study examines Jatropha species' phytochemical and biological
features, focusing on their secondary metabolites and biological activities. By integrating current
information, the paper aims to support future research.

Methods:

An extensive PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science search was conducted using
"Jatropha," "phytochemicals," and "biological activity" phrases. Peer-reviewed and relevant papers
were selected. Jatropha biological activity and phytochemical profiles were included, but
irrelevant, non-English, and unaccessible full-text research was excluded.

Results:

This review paper shows that a wide variety of secondary metabolites, including terpenes,
lignans, flavonoids, coumarins, and alkaloids, have been identified in the Jatropha species.
These metabolites have many biological properties, including cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal,
anti-inflammatory, anticancerogenic, antiviral, and insecticidal effects.

Conclusion:

This study covers Jatropha species' phytochemical and pharmacological properties,
emphasizing their use as sources of secondary metabolites with high bioactivity. The summarized
data effectively guides future investigations of medical applications of compounds obtained from
Jatropha species.
Effects of Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorine Dioxide on Human Root Canal Dentine: An ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Erdogan Hilal , Cobankara Funda Kont , Topkafa Mustafa
Published: November 2024

Background:

It is very important to assess the effects of NaOCl and ClO2 on dentine
deproteination because these solutions are in contact with dentine during endodontic treatment
and may affect the physical and chemical structure of dentine.

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze the effects of sodium-hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorine--
dioxide (ClO2) on the chemical structure of human dentine by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier
Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy.

Methods:

Fifteen human maxillary incisor roots were cut longitudinally into two parallel dentin
discs being approximately 4x4x2 mm in size. 30 samples were randomly allocated to 6 groups
treated with 5.25% NaOCl or 0.014% ClO2 (1, 5, or 10 minutes); self-control was used. The effect
of solutions on the organic and inorganic components of the radicular dentine surface was analyzed
using the amide:phosphate ratio and carbonate:phosphate ratio. The intragroup differences
(paired t-test) and intergroup differences (one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s posthoc test)
were analyzed.

Results:

The intragroup comparisons showed the amide:phosphate ratio to be higher at all times at
ClO2. NaOCl caused a decrease in the amide:phosphate ratio at 10 minutes (p<0.05). The intergroup
comparison showed that NaOCl caused a greater decrease in amide:phosphate at all times
compared to ClO2 (p<0.05). All comparisons demonstrated no significant difference in the carbonate:
phosphate ratio (p>0.05).

Conclusion:

Considering the results of this study, it is recommended to avoid prolonged exposure
to minimize NaOCl-induced dentine deproteination. It should also be taken into account that ClO2
increases the amide:phosphate ratio in radicular dentine, and this effect is advantageous in clinical
use for collagen structure, contrary to the negative impact of NaOCl.
Rehabilitation of the Atrophic Maxillary Arch with Tilted Implants Protocol: A Proposed Classification of Various Situations
Authors: Nag Venkat Ratna , Ramanathan Manikandhan , Lokwani Bhavna V , Puppala Sarika
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The majority of classifications for implant placement are based on the morphology of the available bone. The positions and angulations of implants in all forms of atrophy are not emphasized. Clinicians find it relatively difficult to insert the posterior tilted fixtures such that maximum anchorage of the bone can be obtained for enhanced primary stability, and there is unpredictability since the exit points (implant apex position) of these implants are not known and visualized prior to treatment. The purpose of this article is to classify the entry points, angulations, and exit points for 6 tilted maxillary implants in anterior-posterior distribution for prompt decision-making and ease of surgery as well as to capitalize on the available bone width.

Methods

The retrospective radiographic analysis was performed for 150 maxillary arch edentulous patients restored with fixed prosthesis supported by six tilted implants from April 2021 to April 2023. Post-operative Orthopantomograph (OPG) tracings were performed for maxillary sinus borders to classify the sinus pneumatization, and the entry and exit points of implants were noted with respect to the prosthetic teeth, basal anchoring bone, and implant angulations.

Results

Of the arches treated, 63 were SP1, 34 were SP2, and 16 were SP3 in the maxilla. Many combination arches were encountered as well, including 32 cases of SP1 + SP2 and 5 of SP2 + SP3 combinations. The common preferred entry points were canine, second premolar, and second molar areas.

Conclusions

A functional surgical classification aids in placing all-6 tilted bicortical implants for immediate function while being versatile enough to be used in delayed cases as well. The knowledge of this classification helps to visualize the entry/fixation points, minimizing unpredictable and morbid grafting surgical procedures. It also aids in efficiently delivering patient-centric, minimally-invasive, predictably stable, biomechanically sound, and fixed implant treatments without cantilever in complete edentulism.
The Safety of Digital Mental Health Interventions: Findings and Recommendations From a Qualitative Study Exploring Users’ Experiences, Concerns, and Suggestions
Authors: Taher Rayan , Stahl Daniel , Shergill Sukhi , Yiend Jenny
Published: November 2024

Background

The literature around the safety of digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) is growing. However, the user/patient perspective is still absent from it. Understanding the user/patient perspective can ensure that professionals address issues that are significant to users/patients and help direct future research in the field.

Objective

This qualitative study aims to explore DMHI users’ experiences, views, concerns, and suggestions regarding the safety of DMHIs.

Methods

We included individuals aged 18 years old or older, having experience in using a DMHI, and can speak and understand English without the need for a translator. Fifteen individual interviews were conducted. Deductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results

The analysis of the interview transcripts yielded 3 main themes: Nonresponse: A Concern, a Risk, and How Users Mitigate It, Symptom Deterioration and Its Management, and Concerns Around Data Privacy and How to Mitigate Them.

Conclusions

The results of this study led to 7 recommendations on how the safety of DMHIs can be improved: provide “easy access” versions of key information, use “approved by...” badges, anticipate and support deterioration, provide real-time feedback, acknowledge the lack of personalization, responsibly manage access, and provide genuine crisis support. These recommendations arose from users’ experiences and suggestions. If implemented, these recommendations can improve the safety of DMHIs and enhance users’ experience.
Social Robots and Sensors for Enhanced Aging at Home: Mixed Methods Study With a Focus on Mobility and Socioeconomic Factors (Preprint)
Authors: Vagnetti Roberto , Camp Nicola , Story Matthew , Ait-Belaid Khaoula , Mitra Suvobrata , Fowler Davis Sally , Meese Helen , Zecca Massimiliano , Di Nuovo Alessandro , Magistro Daniele
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Population aging affects society, with a profound impact on daily activities for those of a low socioeconomic status and with motor impairments. Social assistive robots (SARs) and monitoring technologies can improve older adults’ well-being by assisting with and monitoring home activities.

OBJECTIVE

This study explored the opinions and needs of older adults, including those with motor difficulties and of a low socioeconomic status, regarding SARs and monitoring technologies at home to promote daily activities and reduce sedentary behaviors.

METHODS

A mixed methods approach was used, with 31 older adults divided into 3 groups: those of a low socioeconomic status, those with motor difficulties, and healthy individuals. Focus groups were conducted, and they were analyzed using thematic analysis. Perceived mental and physical well-being were assessed using the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey, and attitudes toward robots were evaluated using the Multidimensional Robot Attitude Scale.

RESULTS

The results identified 14 themes in four key areas: (1) technology use for supporting daily activities and reducing sedentary behaviors, (2) perceived barriers, (3) suggestions and preferences, and (4) actual home technology use. Lower perceived physical well-being was associated with higher levels of familiarity, interest, perceived utility, and control related to SARs. Lower perceived psychological well-being was linked to a more negative attitude, increased concerns about environmental fit, and a preference for less variety. Notably, older adults from the low–socioeconomic status group perceived less control over SARs, whereas older adults with motor difficulties expressed higher perceived utility compared to other groups, as well as higher familiarity and interest compared to the low–socioeconomic status group.

CONCLUSIONS

Participants indicated that SARs and monitoring technologies could help reduce sedentary behaviors by assisting in the management of daily activities. The results are discussed in the context of these outcomes and the implementation of SARs and monitoring technologies at home. This study highlights the importance of considering the functional and socioeconomic characteristics of older adults as future users of SARs and monitoring technologies to promote widespread adoption and improve well-being within this population.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Digital Symptom Management in Oncology: The Development and Evaluation of CRCWeb (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Sizuo , Lin Yufen , Yan Runze , Wang Zhiyuan , Bold Delgersuren , Hu Xiao
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Digital health interventions offer promise for scalable and accessible healthcare, but access is still limited by some participatory challenges, especially for disadvantaged families facing limited health literacy, language barriers, low income, or living in marginalized areas. These issues are particularly pronounced for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, who often experience distressing symptoms and struggle with educational materials due to complex jargon, fatigue, or reading level mismatches.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to address health disparities by improving the accessibility of educational resources on symptom management for disadvantaged CRC patients and their caregivers.

METHODS

To address these health disparities, we proposed a generative AI (GenAI)-powered system to customize CRC educational materials into accessible multimedia content, delivered by a mobile platform, CRCWeb. We conducted an 8-week single-arm prospective study with 40 participants (20 patients and 20 caregivers) with both disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged backgrounds.

RESULTS

Analysis of user login activity showed that the login frequency of the disadvantaged group is 2.52 times higher than that of the non-disadvantaged group. Post-intervention ratings from both groups demonstrated significant equivalence (P ≤ .001) in overall satisfaction with CRCWeb. The pre- and post-intervention symptom data showed reductions in symptom scores for both the disadvantaged group (a difference of 0.108, P = .123) and the non-disadvantaged group (a difference of 0.211, P = .002).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings highlight the potential of GenAI-powered digital solutions to address gaps in healthcare access, offering support that promotes cancer care and health equity for disadvantaged populations.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05663203.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/48499
Correlation of biomechanical variables of lower extremity movement during functional tests and functional tasks in a population of youth league football players: a cross-sectional correlation study (Preprint)
Authors: Davidoviča Anna , Davidovics Sergejs , Semjonova Guna , Katashev Alexei , Okss Alexander , Lancere Linda , Tomsone Signe , Zolovs Maksims
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Football, the world's most popular sport, carries significant injury risks, especially for youth players. Real-time monitoring of movement patterns is crucial for reducing these risks. Traditional methods often require multiple sensor systems to measure various biomechanical parameters, making the process complex and challenging. The DAid® smart sock system offers a user-friendly alternative, but its effectiveness as a standalone tool for comprehensive lower extremity monitoring requires validation.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the correlations between biomechanical variables of lower extremity movements during the "Single Leg Squat" functional test and its variations in youth league football players, using wireless sensor systems in field tests.

METHODS

Thirty-two youth league football players (aged 14-15; 16 males, 16 females) participated in the study, performing the "Single Leg Squat" test and its variations using the NOTCH® inertial sensor system, DAid® smart socks, and PLUX Wireless Biosignals (muscleBAN kit). Correlations between lower limb biomechanical variables were analysed using data from these systems.

RESULTS

The study found a strong positive correlation between hip adduction and changes in the centre of pressure on the medial plantar surface (COP1X: r=0.785, p<.001). Hip internal rotation also showed a significant positive correlation with centre of pressure changes (COPY1: r=0.585, p<.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Significant correlations exist between the foot centre of pressure, lower limb movement, and muscle activity during the "Single Leg Squat". These findings demonstrate the relevance of the wireless sensor systems used in this study for assessing correlations in lower limb biomechanics in football players, with the DAid® smart sock system serving as one of the tools to facilitate this assessment.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Continuing Professional Development: A Theoretical Framework (Preprint)
Authors: Hlede Vjekoslav , Valanci Sofia , D'Antuono G. Robert , Dow Heather , Wiggins Richard , Dorman Todd , O'Beirne Ronan
Published: November 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Artificial intelligence (AI) enhanced continuing professional development (CPD) has great potential. It promises to transform the learning experience, improve learning outcomes, and ultimately help us improve patient care. Yet, AI is not a magical solution but a new element in the complex socio-technical systems that form our society. We need to understand the system to understand the power of AI. This position paper examines the need for a theoretical framework to help us better understand and guide interactions between AI and healthcare CPD. The 5 step theory construction methodology outlined by Borsboom et al. has been used to create the framework made of six foundational AI pillars: Literacy, Explainability, Ethics, Readiness, Reliability, and Learning Theories, and two complementary theoretical lenses: Complexity Theory and Actor-Network Theory.
Characteristics of Red Palm Oil Oleogel Based on Beeswax and Cocoa Butter and Its Application in Red Chocolate Spread
Authors: Kurniaditya Viki Hendi , Setiowati Arima Diah , Hidayat Chusnul
Published: November 2024

Red palm oil (RPO) is a product obtained from crude palm oil with a high carotenoid content. Despite the potential, the susceptibility of the constituent β-carotene to degradation and liquid state at room temperature poses a significant challenge to its use by affecting the texture of the final chocolate spread. Several studies have proposed using the oleo gelation technique to overcome this challenge, which regulates the structure of oil and fats mixture using an oleo gelator. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of RPO oleogel produced using an oleo gelator from a beeswax and cocoa butter blend. The best product obtained was then applied to produce a red chocolate spread. The results showed that RPO oleogel obtained at a high beeswax-cocoa butter ratio had higher hardness values, β-carotene content, and melting points. In addition, the crystal microstructure of the product was needle-form with larger crystal sizes, leading to a significant increase in the oil binding capacity. Combining 9% beeswax and 1% cocoa butter (BW9-LK1) was the best formula for producing a chocolate spread. The characteristics of the red chocolate spread obtained from the best oleogel were 61.47 brightness level (L*), 5.81 red intensity (a*), and 57.81 yellowish (b*), with an oil binding capacity of 99.95%. The melting temperature was 31.89-41.67 ºC, indicating that it could melt at body temperature and was stable at room temperature. During 5 weeks of storage, the hardness and β-carotene content were 6.016.21 N and 469.07-302.67 ppm, respectively. Based on these results, the oleo gelator from beeswax and cocoa butter blend improved the hardness, melting points, and β-carotene content of RPO oleogel. This indicated that it potentially could be used as an alternative to produce a carotenoid-rich chocolate spread.
Effect of Sucrose and Starter on the Chemical and Organoleptic Properties of Fig Leaf Tea Water Kefir
Authors: SY Muhammad Zakwan Saputra , Wardani Agustin Krisna
Published: November 2024

Water kefir is a fermented drink made by adding water kefir grains to a water solution containing dried fruit or sugar. This research aims to determine the effect of sucrose, starter, and interactions on the chemical characteristics (antioxidant activity, total acid, medium pH) and organoleptics of fig leaf tea water kefir and to determine the interaction of antioxidant activity with total acid and medium pH. The experiment used variations in starter concentration (5% and 8%) and sucrose concentration (3%, 6%, 9% and 12%). Water kefir was analyzed through chemical analysis (antioxidants, total acid, medium pH, and sugar content) and organoleptic tests (flavor, aroma, color, and overall preference). The results showed that variations in the addition of sucrose, starter, and interactions influenced the metabolic results (primary and secondary metabolites) of microorganisms in water kefir grains and statically had a significant effect on changes in chemical and organoleptic properties (flavor, aroma, and overall preference). The best chemical characteristic parameters were obtained in the B2S3 treatment (8% starter + 9% sucrose) with antioxidant activity of 51.27%, total acid of 0.70%, and medium pH of 3.53. Meanwhile, the best organoleptic parameters were obtained in the B2S4 treatment (8% starter + 12% sucrose) with a taste value of 5.56 (liked), an aroma value of 4.80 (slightly liked), a color value of 4.97 (slightly liked), and the overall liking level was 5.45 (liked), and the antioxidant activity of fig leaf tea water kefir had a strong relationship with total acid and medium pH. Furthermore, the addition of sucrose and different starters during the water kefir fermentation process affects the chemical and organoleptic properties of fig leaf tea water kefir. It is hoped that the results of this research will make fig leaf tea water kefir an alternative probiotic drink for sufferers of lactose intolerance and allergies to milk-based drinks.
Exploration of Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides from Jali (Coix Lacryma-jobi) and Its Potential as Prebiotic
Authors: Arianty Devi , Sutrisno Aji , Krisna Wardani Agustin
Published: November 2024

Jali (Coix lacryma-jobi) is a cereal plant widely used as a functional food because it contains carbohydrate compounds, such as polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with a positive impact on the digestive system. This study was divided into two stages, namely extraction Jali and prebiotic analysis. The extraction method used was hot water extraction and alkali extraction according to their solubility in solvents. The prebiotic activity of oligosaccharide and polysaccharide extracts from jali was evaluated using in-vitro analysis. Therefore, this study aimed to explore polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in jali and their potential to act as prebiotic. The results showed that the extraction process affected the types of oligosaccharides, namely Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), as well as polysaccharides, including α-glucan and arabinoxylan. In this study, FOS and α-glucan were obtained by heating at 80 °C for 60 minutes, while arabinoxylan was extracted by heating at 80 °C for 120 minutes. The results of crude extracts of FOS and arabinoxylan were tested for HPLC analysis, while α-glucan was explored using FTIR. The jali seeds exhibited a remarkable FOS content of 40.78%, while their arabinoxylan composition included 22.4% arabinose and 4.8% xylose. In addition, the FTIR analysis revealed the presence of (14) (16) -α-D-glucan bond in jali seeds. The results showed that the extraction from the polysaccharide group, namely α-Glucan and Arabinoxylan, as well as from the oligosaccharides (FOS) had potential as prebiotic for the growth of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus casei. However, the highest results were based on OD and SCFA from the FOS extract. The addition of FOS affected the growth of Bifidobacterium longum more significantly (OD 0,871) compared to Lactobacillus casei (OD 0,725). Bifidobacterium longum exhibited SCFA levels of 243,827 mmol/L, while Lactobacillus casei showed levels of 140,942 mmol/L.
Enhancement in Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Phenolic Compounds during Black Glutinous Rice Tape Fermentation
Authors: Azkia Mita Nurul , Setyaningsih Widiastuti , Mayangsari Yunika , Cahyanto Muhammad Nur
Published: November 2024

Black glutinous rice (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa) tape fermented with various yeast, mold, and bacteria is often rich in phenolics compounds and can contribute positively to health through its antioxidants activity. Despite the potential, these compounds have limited bioavailability value due to their structure, degree of glycosylation or polymerization, and interactions with other components. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of fermentation on bioavailability and bioaccessibility of phenolics compounds in black glutinous rice tape. During the procedures, cooked black glutinous rice was inoculated with ragi tape for 72 hours. Sampling was then performed every 24 hours to analyze bioaccessibility of phenolics compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidants activity. Subsequently, absorption was carried out using an everted gut sac model. The results showed that phenolics compounds were released from the food matrix during gastric and small intestine digestion. Fermentation was shown to increase the content of accessible phenolics compounds from 19.89% to 27.31%, flavonoids from 68.88% to 81.72%, and antioxidants activity from 13.56% to 22.89%. During fermentation, the highest increments were obtained after 72 hours, with 27.31% for total phenolics compounds, 81.72% for flavonoid compounds, and 22.89% for antioxidants activity. The products obtained after 72 hours of fermentation exhibited significantly highest absorption, but no significant differences were observed between the duodenum and ileum segments. The absorption of these compounds in the jejunum from the extract was significantly higher in fermented samples. Therefore, fermentation significantly enhanced bioavailability of phenolics compounds in black glutinous rice tape.
Population Genetic of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) in Sumatera Island
Authors: Zedta Raymon Rahmanov , Maduppa Hawis H , Zamani Neviaty Putri , Subhan Beginer , Sani Lalu Mukhsin Iqbal
Published: November 2024

Over the past five decades, there has been a growing trend in the capture of kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis), which, alongside its potential to support small-scale commercial fisheries, highlights its significance.However, there is inadequate data on this species for suitable management and conservation status. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and connectivity of the kawakawa in the three major fishing port in Sumatra, namely Belawan , Padang, and Lampung by using DNA mitochondria control region (d-loop) Sequence. In total, 78 sequences of kawakawa with an average size of 303 bp, we found 36 polymorphic sites and 56 haplotypes from all population were identified with DNA compatibility values of 97-100%. We found the genetic diversity values in Sumatera Island were high (h = 0.950; π = 0.034), with the highest genetic diversities value in Padang (h = 0.990; π = 0.082) and the lowest in Belawan (h = 0.929; π = 0.082). AMOVA and Fst analyses revealed no differentiation in each population (Fst = 0.005). The haplotype distribution and connectivity analyses showed genetic mixing among the three populations. This study showed a single stock at the study sites and suggests management measures at a regional level to maintain the population.
Community Health Center Penetration and Kidney Care Outcomes among Low-Income, Nonelderly Adults with Kidney Failure
Authors: Hall Yoshio N. , Bensken Wyatt P. , Morrissey Suzanne E. , De La Cruz Alcantara Indhira , Unruh Mark L. , Prince David K.
Published: November 2024

Key Points

Populations who experience health disparities often rely on community health centers (CHCs) for ambulatory care.

Among low-income populations, higher CHC penetration is associated with greater preparedness for, and better outcomes after, kidney failure onset.

Our study suggests that CHCs provide essential ambulatory care for nonelderly adults who experience kidney health disparities.

Background

In the United States, historically minoritized populations experience disproportionately high incidence of progressive kidney disease but are often unprepared for kidney failure. Owing to limited options for health care, many minoritized patients with kidney disease rely on community health centers (CHCs) for affordable ambulatory care.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 139,275 adults aged 18–64 years who were enrolled in Medicaid or uninsured at the time of ESKD onset during 2016–2020. We examined whether CHC penetration of the state-level low-income population was associated with ESKD incidence, process measures reflective of pre-ESKD care quality, and survival and kidney transplant waitlisting 1 year after ESKD onset. We obtained population characteristics of the 1370 Health Resources and Services Administration CHCs and 50 states (and DC) for the same period.

Results

Mean CHC penetration among low-income residents (percentage of low-income residents who were CHC patients in each state) was 36% (SD, 19%). The Northeast (census region) had the highest proportion of states with high CHC penetration, and the South had the highest proportion of states with low CHC penetration. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, high BP, and obesity were lower in states with high versus low CHC penetration. There were no significant differences in age- and sex-standardized ESKD incidence according to CHC penetration. In individual-level analyses, higher CHC penetration was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of prolonged nephrology care (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.04 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03 to 1.05]), arteriovenous fistula or graft usage at hemodialysis initiation (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.09 to 1.12]), home dialysis usage (OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02 to 1.05]), and 1-year kidney transplant waitlisting (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.18 to 1.21]) and ESKD survival (OR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.07]).

Conclusions

Among Medicaid enrollees and uninsured adults with incident kidney failure, higher CHC penetration was associated with a lower prevalence of kidney disease risk factors and better preparedness for, and higher survival after, ESKD onset. These findings warrant additional study into the role and effect of CHCs in addressing long-standing disparities in kidney health.
A Study on the Factors Influencing the Formation of Representational Marginal People in University Classrooms
Authors: Fei Jiahao
Published: November 2024

Representational marginal people are a unique group among the marginal people in the classroom. They show characteristics that are completely different from most students in the classroom. Although they hardly participate in classroom activities, do not actively interact with classmates, and fail to get the attention of teachers, these students often have very strong autonomous learning ability. This study focuses on this special group. Based on the grounded theory method and through in-depth analysis of the data, the study found that the formation of representational marginal people is affected by multiple factors. These factors include the course teaching methods in the classroom, students' learning attitudes and methods, individual emotions and personal values, and social interactions with classmates. These factors interact with each other and jointly shape the unique learning experience of representational marginal people and their marginalized status in the classroom.
WSIC Criterion for Decomposition Level Selection of Orthogonal Wavelet Transform
Authors: Zheng Yimei , Liu Cheng , Fang Yan
Published: November 2024

Wavelet transform is a widely used method in the field of signal analysis, and its application effect depends largely on the selection of wavelet decomposition level. In view of the unknown original signal, this paper transforms the selection of wavelet decomposition level into a model selection problem through statistical modeling, and then analyzes and presents wavelet selection information criteria (WSIC) of orthogonal wavelet transform level selection from the perspective of model selection. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to verify and compare the effect of the WSIC information criteria with AIC and BIC criteria on wavelet level selection. The results show that the level accuracy of WSIC is up to 15.1% higher than that of AIC criterion and up to 14.3% higher than that of BIC criterion, indicating that WSIC criterion has better stability in selecting wavelet decomposition level than that of AIC and BIC criterion in existing literatures.
African American Women Writers Before Reconstruction: Tackling Socio-Political Changes Through Their Words
Authors: Bhutra Paridhi
Published: November 2024

The Reconstruction in the US (1865-77) is a period set apart by critical social, political, and economic changes. The years preceding that were an agitated period in American history. During this time, African American women scholars essentially impacted the discussion about orientation, race, and personality. This thesis is a comparative report on two of these eminent writers: Harriet Jacobs and Phillis Wheatley. It utilizes qualitative analysis to look at their individual perspectives and distinct narrative styles in the literary productions of the mentioned writers. Also, I will be reviewing literature surrounding the effects of these works on discussions regarding socio-political incidents, for instance, the Civil War. Through looking at primary materials, scholarly data sets in the spheres of gender and race studies within the particular time span, and carrying out an in-depth comparative examination of content, the aim of this thesis is to contribute towards a more extensive and holistic comprehension of American literary legacy.
Synergistic Enhancement of Cauliflower Yield: Harnessing Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and Nitrogen-Fixing Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Singh Parmeshwar , Meshram Anju , Singh Ravi Kant , ur Rahman Laiq , Morya Vivek Kumar
Published: November 2024

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) is a crucial cash crop predominantly consumed as a vegetable. High-yielding varieties are favored to maximize productivity and income, but they require substantial nutrients, leading to heavy reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This practice poses health risks and causes environmental pollution. Adequate nutrient availability, particularly for phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), is essential for optimal cauliflower growth. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) enhance P availability by solubilizing insoluble phosphates, whereas nitrogen-fixing microbes (NFM) convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms. These microbial inoculants are eco-friendly alternatives to chemical fertilizers, which promote nutrient availability and plant growth. The purpose of this study was to separate, identify, and describe PSB from the soil of the cauliflower rhizosphere in the Uttar Pradesh district of Lucknow, Unnao, and Kanpur. Selected PSB isolates were screened, characterized using 16S rRNA, and evaluated for their phosphate solubilization capacity at different phosphorus concentrations. The results showed increased phosphate solubilization up to 72 h, with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) solubilized most effectively at 500 ppm and rock phosphate (RP) or bone meal (BM) at 250 ppm. Bacillus pumilus exhibited the highest phosphate solubilization ability. This research highlights the potential of PSB and NFM as sustainable solutions for reducing chemical fertilizer dependency, enhancing soil fertility, and promoting cauliflower growth, thereby offering a promising approach to sustainable agriculture.
Phytogenic Silver Nanoparticles from Callicarpa macrophylla and their Biological Activities
Authors: Ranjini H.K. , Manju K. , Shayista H. , Raj S. Niranjan , Baker Syed , Prasad Ashwini
Published: November 2024

In the present investigation, the phytogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out with Callicarpa macrophylla which possess multiple functional properties. The absorbance peak of the resultant AgNPs was found to be between 300 and 800 nm, with the highest absorbance at 436 nm. The phytocomponents accountable for facilitating the synthesis were determined through the utilization of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, which unveiled the presence of hydroxyl, amide, aldehyde, and alkene moieties. The crystal structure of the AgNPs was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, which exhibited diffraction intensities at the 2-theta angle, signifying the presence of a well-defined crystalline structure of AgNPs. The polydispersity of the AgNPs was observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM), with an average particle size of 10 to 60 nm. The AgNPs exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. The sprouting percentage of Pisum sativum, Vigna radiata, and Macrotyloma uniflorum seeds was assessed with notable observation of increase in length of root size was maximum at AgNPs concentrations of 5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL for Pisum sativum and Vigna radiata, respectively. However, in the case of Macrotyloma uniflorum, the highest germination rate was observed at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Similarly, shoot length was highest in all seeds at 10 mg/mL. Furthermore, the AgNPs showed significant dye degradation capabilities, with the highest degradation rate for safranin (58%), followed by methylene blue (35%), and the least degradation observed with crystal violet (21%). Overall, the studies confirm the multi applicative properties of AgNPs synthesized from Callicarpa macrophylla.
Rapid Detection of Listeria monocytogenes In Chicken Meat By Real-time PCR without Culture Enrichment
Authors: Bilgin Emine , Omeroglu Mehmet Akif , Baltaci Mustafa Ozkan , Adiguzel Gulsah , Adiguzel Ahmet
Published: November 2024

Foodborne pathogens can easily contaminate chicken meat due to its high nutritional content, and these pathogens can infect humans. One of the most important pathogens contaminating chicken meat and causing severe public health problems is Listeria monocytogenes, which would be responsible for Listeriosis. Therefore, rapid and sensitive detection of L. monocytogenes in chicken meat samples is of great significance. In the current study, the presence of L. monocytogenes in chicken meat samples collected from several markets in Erzurum was detected by comparing two different DNA isolation methods with the Real-time PCR. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that 34% of the chicken meat samples collected were positive for L. monocytogenes in both two methods. According to the comparison analyses of the Bland-Altman method, no significant difference was found between the thermal lysis method and the DNA isolation method by commercial kit. As a result of this study, it has been shown that the thermal lysis method can be successfully applied for the detection of foodborne pathogens in chicken meat when evaluated in terms of workload and cost. The current study is the first report on the comparison of thermal lysis method and DNA isolation by commercial kit in the detection of L. monocytogenes from chicken meat by Real-time PCR.
Blockchain’s Role in Finance beyond Cryptocurrency
Authors: Tambe Ms. Tejas Bajirao
Published: November 2024

The rapid emergence of blockchain technology outside of cryptocurrency in financial applications. Blockchain,
mostly known as the underlying technology backing decentralized currencies such as Bitcoin, is today being tapped for a
range of other financial services by its underlying features: decentralization, transparency, and security. The research
explores blockchain's role in advancing transaction processing, auditability, andinnovations such as decentralized finance
and smart contracts that are changing traditional financial systems. The paper elaborates on how this technology benefits
from efficiency relating to points of asset management, trade finance, and financing in the supply chain. It further goes
into blockchain security and privacy challenges associated with these new technologies being adopted in areas such as
these. This survey synthesizes recent insights to identify crucial opportunities and challenges for blockchains in the
financial sector in bringing systemic change across global markets
Waste to energy: A STEM-ESD approach to improve student awareness and action in converting waste into eco-friendly energy
Authors: Solihat Rini , Haqiqi Baharudin Yusuf , Widodo Ari
Published: November 2024

Waste management is a significant issue in Indonesia, and awareness and actions across all sectors, including school students, play a critical role. This study investigates the impact of educational interventions on students' awareness and actions regarding waste management and its potential as a source of environmentally friendly energy. The research used a quasi-experimental design, specifically a non-equivalent control group, involving a sample of 44 tenth-grade students in Bandung who were studying environmental change. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and data were gathered via a questionnaire. Results indicate that the intervention significantly improved students' awareness of utilizing waste as an eco-friendly energy source (p = 0.009 < α = 0.05), although it did not significantly influence their actions to apply this knowledge (p = 0.201 > α = 0.05). This study provides an initial perspective on the potential of STEM-ESD project-based learning to enhance students' awareness and practical engagement in sustainable waste management practices.
Propuesta didáctica sustentada en un enfoque cognitivo-discursivo para mejorar la competencia léxica de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Sánchez Trujillo María de los Ángeles , Bernabé Sánchez Estefanía , Sáenz Egúsquiza Felícita Delia
Published: November 2024

El objetivo de este estudio fue implementar una propuesta didáctica sustentada en un enfoque cognitivo-discursivo para mejorar la competencia léxica de estudiantes de pregrado. Este es un estudio de caso cualitativo y de diseño investigación-acción. La muestra estuvo conformada por 50 alumnos de primer ciclo de la Facultad de Educación de una universidad privada de Lima y 2 docentes del curso de Lenguaje. Antes y después de la ejecución de la propuesta, se aplicaron el análisis documental, dirigido a los ensayos argumentativos de los estudiantes, y la entrevista dirigida a los profesores. En la primera técnica se consideraron dos subcategorías determinadas de forma apriorística: errores léxicos y dominio léxico, y una categoría emergente: el cumplimiento de la intención comunicativa asociada a los errores léxicos. En el diagnóstico se constató que los errores más frecuentes eran la redundancia, la imprecisión léxica y los coloquialismos. A partir de los hallazgos, se procedió a diseñar una propuesta didáctica sustentada en un enfoque cognitivo-discursivo, basado en vínculos discursivos entre los distintos segmentos textuales y con estrategias metacognitivas, de autocorrección, así como de coevaluación y autoevaluación. Finalmente, luego de la aplicación de la propuesta, se comprobó su efectividad en la mejora de la competencia léxica del alumnado, aunada a la ejecución efectiva de ciertas operaciones cognitivas.
The effect of cutting direction and water based varnish type on sound absorption coefficient in some native wood species
Authors: Muslu Mustafa Selmani
Published: November 2024

Noise which could be defined as disturbing sound, is becoming a major problem depending with developing technology. Controlling the noise helps raising the quality of life to higher levels. Although the intensity of the noise is not at a level that will affect human health, it should be reduced or eliminated, for better life standart. Due to the adverse effects of the noise level on health; the acoustic properties of living areas require serious consideration. Sound absorption coefficients of the materials used in the interior play an important role in providing sensory comfort depending on the volume. Natural and artificial wood are commonly used materials in interior design, especially in the construction of partition elements. In addition, wood is natural material and it has some important advantages and disadvantages. In this study the sound absorption coefficients of eastern beech and scotch pine trees, which are the most preferred materials in interior design, were investigated. For this pupose, these wood materials were cut superficially and radially according to the intersection directions, then the sample surfaces were varnished with one and two component water-based varnishes that do not contain solvent-based resin. The sound absorption coefficients of the obtained samples were determined by the impedance tube method and the results were compared statistically. It has been investigated that the obtained results could be evaluated statistically within the frequency values, besides, different results could be obtained according to the characteristics of natural wood materials, the direction of intersection and water-based varnish types. According to the findings obtained as a result of the study, it has been suggested that if natural wood material is used indoors, the superficial cross-section of East beech wood should be used according to the direction of intersection, and a two-component varnish should be used according to the varnish type.
O impacto das narrativas de populações excluídas na construção coletiva da ciência
Authors: Bueno Christiane
Published: November 2024

A representatividade limitada na ciência tem historicamente invisibilizado as contribuições de grupos sub-representados, perpetuando a exclusão. No entanto, histórias de cientistas que superam essas barreiras surgem como poderosas ferramentas de transformação, desafiando estereótipos e inspirando novas gerações. A visibilidade de trajetórias diversas influencia positivamente as aspirações de jovens, especialmente mulheres e minorias, promovendo uma ciência mais inclusiva e inovadora. Além disso, a comunicação científica eficaz deve refletir a diversidade social, combatendo a desinformação e promovendo maior engajamento da sociedade, essencial para fortalecer a confiança pública e o desenvolvimento científico equitativo.