bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of adjacency pairs in the film “Ted”: the case of dispreferred seconds used for a humorous effect
Authors: Pluszczyk Adam
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the article is to concentrate on the identification of the linguistic features which are allegedly typical of the dispreferred second parts. There will be 12 instances to be analyzed where the adjacency pairs will include the dispreferred second parts. Moreover, the intention is to shed light on some positive aspects of the dispreferred second parts (dispreferred seconds) and attempt to demonstrate that in certain contexts the occurrence of the dispreferred second parts is justified or even necessary to achieve a special effect. In other words, the so called dispreferred seconds (second parts) will be analyzed from a different perspective - it will be demonstrated that the occurrence of the dispreferred second parts does not necessarily have to be perceived negatively. What is more, the presented utterances in the dispreferred second pair parts will even contribute to achieving a humorous effect. The purpose of the article is to concentrate on the identification of the linguistic features which are allegedly typical of the dispreferred second parts. There will be 12 instances to be analyzed where the adjacency pairs will include the dispreferred second parts. Moreover, the intention is to shed light on some positive aspects of the dispreferred second parts (dispreferred seconds) and attempt to demonstrate that in certain contexts the occurrence of the dispreferred second parts is justified or even necessary to achieve a special effect. In other words, the so called dispreferred seconds (second parts) will be analyzed from a different perspective - it will be demonstrated that the occurrence of the dispreferred second parts does not necessarily have to be perceived negatively. What is more, the presented utterances in the dispreferred second pair parts will even contribute to achieving a humorous effect.
Characterizing Legal Stylistics with a TXM textometric tool
Authors: Popineau Joelle
Published: January 2024

Textometry tools can be used to characterize specialized varieties of English, such as Legal English. Our goal is to use the TXM textometry tool (Heiden et al., 2010) on Sales and Purchase Agreements (SPAs) to show agreements are drafted following a rigid structure, either in their form and shape (macrostructure) or their content (microstructure). We assume that the choice of words (Weisberg, 2014), and the construction of sentences or paragraphs [in agreements] shape how agreements are written and comprise the deal, that is, what is being sold. We hypothesize that there exists legal stylistics based on structural features. We built a corpus comprising Sales and Purchase Agreements of different sizes and topics to which the TXM tool was applied: parts of speech tagging help single out structure, linking words, word variety, frequencies, and writing routines. All descriptive details resulting from our implementation build legal stylistics that thus helps legal professionals, translators, teachers or clients better understand and draft agreements.
(Un)translatability of a text: a blessing in disguise? The case of Spanish, English and Polish
Authors: Puchała-Ladzińska Karolina
Published: January 2024

Untranslatability constitutes one of the controversial issues within the area of Translation Studies. Scholars frequently disagree as it its very existence, some of them claiming that certain linguistic effects simply cannot be translated into another language, while other asserting that all texts produced by man are translatable to a greater or lesser degree, irrespective of the linguistic means they apply. The purpose of this paper is, first of all, to illustrate the issue of potential untranslatability by presenting a Spanish text featuring a plethora of challenging linguistic effects, and then attempt to translate its fragments into two languages: English and Polish. The paper also discusses the problems encountered during the very translation process, as well as the solutions selected together with their justifications. All this is done with a view to concluding whether untranslatability exists indeed, or whether the challenging linguistic effects present in a text can be successfully reproduced in another language.
LS-14 test suite for long sequences
Authors: AKCENGİZ Ziya , ASLAN Melis , DOĞANAKSOY Ali , SULAK Fatih , UĞUZ Muhiddin
Published: January 2024

Random number sequences are used in many branches of science. Because of many techni- cal reasons and their practicality, pseudo random sequences are usually employed in place of true number sequences. Whether a sequence generated through a deterministic process is a pseudo random, in other words, random-looking sequence or it contains certain pat- terns, can be determined with the help of statistics and mathematics. Although, in the literature there are many statistical randomness tests for this purpose, there is no much work on test suites specialized for long sequences, that is sequences of length 1,000,000 bits or more. Most of the randomness tests for long sequences use some mathematical approximations to compute expected values of the random variables and hence their results contain some errors. Another approach to evaluate randomness criteria of long sequences is to partition the long sequence into a collection short sequences and evaluate the collection for the ran- domness using statistical goodness of fit tests. The main advantage of this approach is, as the individual sequences are short, there is no need to use mathematical approximations. On the other hand when the second approach is preferred, partition the long sequence into a collection of fixed length subsequences and this approach causes a loss of information in some cases. Hence the idea of dynamic partition should be included to perform a more reliable test suite. In this paper, we propose three new tests, namely the entire R2 run, dynamic saturation point, and dynamic run tests. Moreover, we introduce a new test suite, called LS-14, consisting of 14 tests to evaluate randomness of long sequences. As LS-14 employs all three approaches: testing the entire long sequence, testing the collection of fixed length partitions of it, and finally, testing the collection obtained by the dynamic partitions of it, the proposed LS-14 test suit differs from all existing suites. Mutual comparisons of all 14 tests in the LS-14 suite, with each other are computed. Moreover, results obtained from the proposed test suite and NIST SP800-22 suite are compared. Examples of sequences with certain patterns which are not observed by NIST SP800-22 suite but detected by the proposed test suite are given.
INTRODUCTION TO THE ALGORITHMIZATION OF THE AUTOMATED WRITING OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
Authors: Olshevska Olga , Kharakhash Oleksandr , Volkova Anastasiia
Published: January 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of scientific research, the demand for efficient and precise dissemination of knowledge has led to the exploration of innovative approaches. This article delves into the burgeoning field of algorithmization applied to the automated writing of scientific publications. As traditional methods of manuscript preparation face challenges related to time consumption and potential human errors, the integraton of algorithms promises to revolutionize the publication process.
The article commences with an exploration of the current challenges in scientific writing, highlighting the time-intensive nature of literature review, data analysis, and drafting. It underscores the potential for automation to alleviate researchers' burden by streamlining these processes, allowing them to focus more on the core aspects of their research.
The ethical considerations inherent in algorithmic scientific writing are thoroughly addressed. The article scrutinizes concerns related to intellectual property, authorship attribution, and potential biases embedded in algorithms. It advocates for transparent practices and emphasizes the need for researchers to maintain oversight over algorithmic outputs to preserve the integrity of scientific discourse. [1]
An in-depth analysis of existing automated writing tools and platforms is presented, evaluating their strengths and limitations. The article compares popular algorithms and discusses their applicability to diverse scientific domains. Moreover, it sheds light on the potential for collaboration between human researchers and algorithms, presenting a symbiotic model that harnesses the strengths of both.
The article concludes with a forward-looking perspective, envisioning the future implications of algorithmization in scientific publication writing. It discusses potential advancements, challenges, and the evolving role of researchers in an era where algorithms contribute significantly to the scholarly communication landscape.
ЛЮДИНО-КОМП’ЮТЕРНА ВЗАЄМОДІЯ НА ОСНОВІ ARDUINO
Authors: Саварин Павло , Редько Ольга , Редько Ростислав , Великий Олександр
Published: January 2024

У науковій роботі досліджено людино-комп'ютерну взаємодію, розроблено систему розпізнавання жестів для передачі керуючих сигналів за допомогою ультразвукових датчиків вимірювання відстані та платформи Arduino. У процесі розробки вирішено завдання з отримання та обробки даних із декількох датчиків відстані, передачу на вхід алгоритму розпізнавання жестів та проблему неконтрольованих коливань. Запропонований метод керування комп’ютером може бути використаний в галузі Ubicomp обчислень, а також в різних галузях, наприклад, в домашніх розвагах, медицині, виробництві та інших сферах, де потрібно взаємодія з комп'ютером відбуватися без застосування клавіатури або миші. У подальшому, система може бути розширена для визнання інших жестів та взаємодії з різними пристроями, що дозволить забезпечити більш комфортну і ефективну роботу з комп'ютером. Результати цієї роботи можуть бути корисними для дослідження в галузі розпізнавання жестів та розширення можливостей комп'ютерної взаємодії з людиною. У дослідженні було проведено експериментальне тестування системи розпізнавання жестів, яке показало її високу ефективність та точність. Застосування системи розпізнавання жестів може бути особливо корисним для людей з фізичними обмеженнями, що унеможливлюють використання клавіатури або миші. Крім того, система може знайти своє застосування у відеоіграх, в деяких видах спорту, де необхідно здійснювати швидкі та точні рухи, а також у робототехніці для керування роботами. Наукова робота виокремлюється тим, що вона досліджує новий метод взаємодії між людиною та комп'ютером, який може бути більш ергономічним та ефективним у порівнянні з традиційними методами керування. Крім того, запропонований метод може стати основою для розвитку нових технологій взаємодії між людиною та комп'ютером.
АВТОМАТИЗОВАНІ СИСТЕМИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ЗАВАНТАЖЕННЯ ПОТОЧНО-ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ЛІНІЙ ЗЕРНОВИХ ТЕРМІНАЛІВ
Authors: Хобін В. А. , Степанов М. Т. , Кір’язов І. М. , Шестопалов С. В.
Published: January 2024

У статті розглядається інноваційна автоматизована система оптимізації завантаження (АСОЗ) потоково транспортних ліній (ПТЛ) відвантаження зерна на судна, яка впроваджена на ряді зернових терміналів України. Розкрито актуальність АСОЗ, яка обумовлена необхідністю підвищення продуктивності та зниження питомих витрат електричної енергії на перевантаження при одночасному запобіганні аварійним зупинкам ПТЛ. Для одного з найбільш повнофункціональних варіантів АСОЗ ПТЛ відвантаження зерна на судна представлено її функціональну структуру. У ній виділено цільову, системоутворюючі та робочі функції системи. Розкрито особливості властивостей ПТЛ як об'єкта керування, які враховані в алгоритмах управління та забезпечують ефективність роботи АСОЗ. Наведено результати виробничої роботи АСОЗ ПТЛ відвантаження зерна на судна на одному з морських зернових терміналів України. Розглянуто приклади роботи АСОЗ ПТЛ при відвантаженні зерна одночасно з кількох джерел у пускових і в сталих режимах роботи на високій продуктивності в різних технологічних ситуаціях, а також при виникненні аварійної ситуації, пов'язаної з розвитком «завалу» зерна в башмаку норії. При проведенні аналізу роботи АСОЗ ПТЛ у різних виробничих ситуаціях розкривається які системоутворюючі та робочі функції забезпечують ефективну роботу системи. Результати порівняльного аналізу ефективності управління завантаженням при відвантаженні зерна на судна оператором «вручну» та з використанням автоматизованої системи оптимізації завантаження, проведені у 2021-2022 роках, показали наступне: – середній час відвантаження на судно з урахуванням простоїв зменшився на 14.7% ; - Середня продуктивність відвантаження без урахування простоїв збільшилася на 15.5%. При роботі АСОЗ не виникало аварійних зупинок ПТЛ пов’язаних з перевантаженням їх зерном.
Chthonic Cosmology in the Epitaph of George Acropolitan on the Death of Emperor Johannes III Ducas Vatatzes
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Stelnik Evgeny
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article critically examines the epitaph of George Akropolites on the death of Emperor Johannes III Ducas Vatatzes. The Epitaph of George Akropolites is a remarkable example of Byzantine rhetoric. The highly educated Byzantine author, proud of his splendid education and skillful rhetorician, fully expressed in this work his knowledge of ancient topics and biblical aesthetics. Methods and materials. The article is written in the context of hermeneutic methodology. We assume that the epitaph of George Akropolites requires a deeper interpretation, which will help to reveal the implicit meanings hidden in the text of George Akropolites. Analysis. First, in the epitaph of George Akropolites, Charon is synonymous with death. This is not an ancient reminiscence, as it may seem, but a popular character of the Acritic folklore of the 9th – 11th centuries, popular among the military class. Akropolites would soon become acquainted with this class, becoming praetor in 1256, when he would be extremely unsuccessful in commanding an army in western Macedonia. Secondly, it is worthwhile to look closely, following K. Praechter, at the expression of George Akropolites “the emperor became the paranáloma of Charon”. In our opinion, paranáloma is an extremely interesting word that takes us into the archaic and chthonic world and presents George Akropolites as a remarkable connoisseur of a wide variety of philosophical and medical texts, particularly the Neoplatonic writings of John Philoponus (c. 480–570) and Simplicianus of Cilicia (c. 490–560). Results. In summary, we have before us a whole literary tradition revolving around a natural-philosophical reading of the folkloric underworld and Charon, which gives for George Akropolites a large stock of metaphors and an opportunity to show his education.
The Venetian Community in Byzantine Thebes (1072–1204): A Prosopographical Study
Authors:   Fudan University, Wu Gang
Published: January 2024

Thebes is among the best-documented Venetian colonies in Byzantium, with records dating back to 1072. While it is widely acknowledged that Venetians played a crucial role in the development of Byzantine Thebes, the details about the Venetian community of the city remain largely unexplored, which has hindered a deeper understanding of the true extent of the Venetian impact on Thebes. To address this scholarly gap, the article examines the community using Venetian documentary sources, focusing on the works of R. Morozzo della Rocca and A. Lombardo. The study adopted a prosopography methodology, reconstructing and analysing the biographies of individuals and families in groups. The investigation covers the community’s leading families and individuals, as well as clergy and ecclesiastical establishments of special interest. Following this vein, the author of the article concludes with a more detailed picture of the Venetian community. It seems to have played a notable and persistent role in Thebes. Ecclesiastical establishments and the clergy constituted the basis of Venetian activities. Bolstered by reliable and sustainable sources of income, these institutions fulfilled the basic religious and administrative needs of the Venetian community. Apart from possible industrial and agricultural engagements, the community members predominantly emerge as active participants in commercial ventures, linking in particular to the renowned Theban silk textiles. While Venetians did form matrimonial and commercial alliances amongst themselves, their assimilation with the native Byzantine populace of the city seems to have been minimal.
Revisiting the “Goods of Kisterna” in Mani, Southern Peloponnese. A Complicated Yet Captivating Storyline
Authors:   Newcastle University, Germanidou Sophia
Published: January 2024

This article reconsiders the textual and archaeological evidence on the delimitation and, most importantly, on the naming and the praised “goods” around or in “Kisterna”, a still disputable area situated in the NW (Messinia province) or southern (Laconia province) Mani peninsula. These are a Venetian document, as well as the French and Greek versions of “Chronicle of Morea”, the historical works of George Pachymeres, Nikephorus Gregoras, Makarios Melissenos and archaeological heritage, that is, the castle of Leuktro in Stoupa, Oriokastro in Ano Poula, Tainaro cape in Kinsternes bay. According to the interpretation introduced, the regional landscape and topography, the naming could potentially be associated with cisterns and basins where fish by-products preservation and processing was taken place. These workshops were known from the Roman period as cetariae and probably as “lakkoi” in the Byzantine era. The article by its structure includes the parts “Introduction – Aims”, “Deconstructing a) the term and the reason of the “theme” and “Deconstructing b) the naming”, “Revisiting a) the primary sources” and “Revisiting b) the archaeological evidence” as well as “Conclusions”.
Between Rhos and Varangians: Hetaireia of Infantrymen in the Byzantine Imperial Guard in the Last Third of the 10th Century
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Karashayski Kemran
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article is dedicated to the study of the hetaireia of infantrymen – the Byzantine Imperial Guard troop in the 970–980s, which included mercenaries from Rus’ and Scandinavia. Methods. The research is based on a combination of systemic and institutional approaches in the analysis of Byzantine and Old Icelandic written sources that allow us to establish a chronological framework for the existence of this military formation, its composition, structure and place in the development and transformation of the foreign mercenary corps in the Byzantine Empire during the 10th century. Analysis. The unit is known by the rank of its commander, the hetaireiarches of infantrymen, mentioned in “Escurial Taktikon” (970s). The main information on the hetaireia of infantrymen and related foreign mercenary groups in Byzantine service is contained in the treatise “De Cerimoniis” (963), the historical work by Leo the Deacon (late 10th century), the military treatise “De castrametatione” (second half of the 980s) and in the Old Icelandic sagas such as “Hrafnkels saga Freysgoða”, “Finnboga saga ramma”, “Hallfreðar saga vandræðaskálds” and “Brennu-Njáls saga”. Results. As the study shows, the hetaireia of infantrymen was organised during the reign of the emperor John I Tzimiskes (969–976) and existed from 970 to 988–989, becoming one of the stages in the formation of the so-called “Varangian-Russian” corps as part of the Byzantine armed forces. Presumably, this unit consisted of two troops of northern mercenaries with a total number of about 400–800 warriors.
Celebrating the New Year in Byzantium
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kushch Tatiana
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Many cultures consider the first day of the new year a holiday which supposes the performance of specific rituals and rites. The traditions of New Year celebrations reflect the nature of this or that civilization, its historical experience, and religious and world-viewing constants. The said is to the full extent actual for the Byzantine civilization. The purpose of the work is to reconstruct the general scenario of official celebrations, to trace its evolution, and to analyse the folk tradition related to it. Methods and materials. The main sources of the given research are liturgical books, treatises on ceremonies, and epistolography. Analysis. In Byzantium, the New Year was celebrated on September 1 at different levels: church, state, and public. Despite its origin from the laity, the Byzantines viewed this holiday primarily as religious as it opened both the new year cycle and the church calendar. By the tenth century, there developed the order of service (akolouthia) for the first day of the new year. The patriarch served special liturgies in St Sophia’s Church and performed a crucession. The emperor was not allowed to participate in the church rituals. In Late Byzantium, the climax of the New Year ritual was the public prayer made in the imperial capital, in the Forum of Constantine, in the presence of the emperor. The ceremonial protocol documented that the ruler must participate in the New Year service. The ordinary people of Byzantium widely celebrated this holiday, spending this day in going to church, paying visits, and exchanging greetings. Conclusions. The enlarging of the programme of palatial ceremonies with the emperor’s appearance in the New Year celebration shows, from the one hand, the strengthening of the secular component of the holiday and, on the other hand, the trend to sacralization of the palatial life. The comparison of the scenario of the New Year celebration that existed in the Age of the Palaiologoi with the official holiday on such a case in the pre-Petrine Russia shows an important Byzantine influence on Russian culture of celebration and church policy.
A New Sigillographic Source from the Southern Coast of Crimea: Seal of Constantine, Patrikios and Genikos Logothetes from the Water Area near Cape Plaka
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Alekseienko Nikolay , Ivanov Sergey ,   Institute of Archaeology of Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Thanks to sigillographic sources, the sigillographic map of Byzantine Taurika is constantly being refined and expanded due to the emergence of new places for detecting molybdoboulla. Today, the finds of seals can be noted not only in the Southwestern or Eastern Crimea, but also on the southern coast of the peninsula. Methods. The attraction of sigillographic data, including from underwater archaeological research, and their comprehensive analysis (stylistic, iconographic, paleographic) often sheds light on some still dark pages both in the history of Taurika and the Byzantine state as a whole. A new find of the Byzantine seal from the water area of the Crimean South Coast opens another previously unknown point near Cape Plaka, where a sigillographic monument was first discovered, and once again raises the question of the addressees of correspondence, which, as it seems, should have been directly related to the Byzantine administration. Analysis and results. According to legend, the seal belonged to an official of the first rank – patrikios Constantine, who held one of the highest civilian posts in the Byzantine capital – the position of the genikos logothetes. The stylistic features of the molybdoboulla, together with the data of written sources, give reason to date this sigillographic monument to the beginning of the last quarter of the 9th century. The discovery of a seal in the water area near Cape Plaka may probably indicate not only a ship parking in a convenient bay, but also the existence of a certain port infrastructure in the nearby coastal town (Lambat), which, judging by the seal, in one way or another should have been directly related to both the local administration apparatus and the capital’s authorities in connection with the region’s entry into the sphere of imperial influence and the subordination of Taurika to the administrative and financial institutions of the Byzantine Empire. Contribution of authors. Нistorical, sigillographic and epigraphic analysis conducted by N.A. Alekseienko; historical-topographical and archaeological survey conducted by S.V. Ivanov.
The Pope’s Misspeak, or on Observance of the Council Rules in Medieval Crimea
Authors:   Moscow State University, Guselnikov Timur
Published: January 2024

Introduction. In the papal bulls concerning the establishing of the bishopric of Cherson and the metropolis of Vosporo in 1333, a specific point is made on erecting these towns from the status of locus to that of civitas and metropolis, contravening their status in the hierarchy of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Methods and materials. In order to understand what had formed the legal basis for establishing the Catholic hierarchy, documents of the Constantinople Patriarchate are attracted. Analysis. The Greek archbishoprics of Cherson and Vosporo are mentioned in the lists of bishoprics of Notitiae episcopatuum and in the acts of the Constantinople Patriarchate. However, by 1333, both of the archbishoprics suffered difficulties: an archbishop of Cherson had not been mentioned in the acts since 1280, as his archbishopric dropped out of the main list of the Notitiae episcopatuum under the reign of the emperor Andronicus II Palaiologos. The metropolis of Vosporo had not been mentioned in documents since the middle of the 13th century. Thus, Pope John XXII chose the right time to substitute vacant sees by Latin bishops. The pope, however, paid much attention to observing the canonical borders of the Patriarchate of Constantinople as set by Rule 28 of the Chalcedonian Council. Results. The attention paid by the Roman pontiffs to observing council rules helps us to correct the perception of parallel church hierarchies coexisting in the Black Sea Region in the 14th – 15th centuries. The presenting of bishops with the same titles, even of different confessions, was not considered normal and was understood as a schism to be overcome. Similar game rules may be traced to the examples of other sees of the North Pontic Region, as Sugdaia and Phoulloi, Solchat and Zichia.
Optimized QoS Routing in Software-Defined In-Vehicle Networks
Authors: Zhai Yahong , Lv Yong , Xu Longyan
Published: January 2024

To address the problems of low network centralized management, weak interaction, limited hardware scalability, compatibility issues and challenges in expansion in the static deployment of traditional in-vehicle networks (IVNs), a new IVN architecture is designed. At the same time, to better meet the IVN Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and improve the real-time guarantee of data transmission, the QoS routing optimization mechanism under the new architecture is established. First, a new IVN architecture including a forwarding plane, control plane and application plane is designed by introducing software defined network (SDN) technology and combining it with the IVN itself. Second, the end-to-end delay optimization model of IVN is established by introducing network calculus theory, defining system parameters, creating a network model, calculating latency, considering queuing and congestion. the traditional routing algorithm is improved, and the DBROA algorithm has been proposed, which enhances the performance of QoS routing by introducing features such as distributed routing decisions, beacon mechanisms, optimization algorithms, and adaptability. This improvement allows it to better meet the QoS requirements of various applications and services, thereby enhancing existing QoS routing algorithms. Finally, an IVN routing optimization system is built and implemented, and the performance of different algorithms is compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional Dijkstra and ECMP algorithms, the DBROA algorithm can effectively reduce the data forwarding delay and packet loss rate, improve the overall performance of IVN, and provide better QoS guarantees for IVN real-time data transmission.
Improving Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction using Grey Relational Analysis for Data Filtering and Stacked LSTM Modeling
Authors: Wu Zhizhu , Huang Mingxia , Xing Zhibo , Yang Tao
Published: January 2024

Traffic flow prediction is one of the critical measures to alleviate traffic congestion. Currently, traffic flow prediction research has made some achievements, but there are still some deficiencies. In order to solve the problems of low prediction accuracy, poor real-time performance, and high data dimensions. This paper proposes a new traffic flow prediction method that employs Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) to detect the correlation between detection points, remove insignificant or uncorrelated traffic flow data points, and hence reduce the data dimensionality of the prediction model. Multiple Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models are then stacked to establish the traffic flow prediction model, considering that traffic flow is affected by multi-dimensional spatiotemporal factors, incorporating vehicle speed, occupancy, and traffic volume as inputs. We conducted experiments on real datasets, and the results showed that our GRA-SLSTM model improved prediction accuracy by 3.6% compared to other models, while reducing model prediction time by 27.33%. The proposed model’s generalization ability is validated by predicting other detection points, which provides significant references for traffic flow prediction research and practical applications.
Automated Generation of ICD-11 Cluster Codes for Precision Medical Record Classification
Authors: Feng Jiayi , Zhang Runtong , Chen Donghua , Shi Lei , Li Zhaoxing
Published: January 2024

Accurate clinical coding using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) standard is essential for healthcare analytics. ICD-11 introduces new coding guidelines and cluster structures, posing challenges for existing coding tools. This research presents an automated approach to generate valid ICD-11 cluster codes from medical text. Natural language records are represented as vectors and compared to an ICD-11 corpus using cosine similarity. A bidirectional matching technique then refines similarity estimation. Experiments demonstrate the method yields up to 0.91 F1 score in coding accuracy, significantly outperforming a baseline tool. This work enables efficient high-quality ICD-11 coding to support healthcare informatics.
Signs and Supersigns in Deep Learning
Authors: Andonie Razvan , Musat Bogdan
Published: January 2024

Semiotics is the study of signs and sign-using behavior. Computational semiotics is an interdisciplinary field which proposes a new kind of approach to intelligent systems, where an explicit account for the notion of sign is prominent. Our fundamental thesis is that information concentration processes appear in successive layers of deep learning models: each layer aggregates information from the previous layer of the network. In computational semiotics, this information concentration is known as superization, and it is accompanied by a decrease of entropy: signs are aggregated into supersign. Our interdisciplinary approach enables us to depict superization processes within deep learning models. This is a novel semantic interpretation of deep learning. We use concepts from computational semiotics to explain decision processes in deep learning. Semiotic tools can be used to optimize the architecture of deep neural networks. Interpretability/explainability and architecture optimization of neural models are currently among the hottest topics in machine learning. We illustrate our semiotic approach with several applications. Our contribution can be seen as the initial move in establishing a cohesive semiotic framework for deep learning models.
Determinant of Hypertension among Adults in West Java, Indonesia: Analysis of National Basic Health Research Data 2018
Authors: Berbudi Afiat , Karlen Jannatin , Wahyudi Kurnia
Published: January 2024

Background:  Hypertension is a serious health problem worldwide. Many studies on the determinants of hypertension have been done, however studies in West Java are still very minimal. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for hypertension among adults in West Java, Indonesia.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method with a quantitative approach using secondary data from the National Basic Health Research 2018. The final number of individuals sampled was 46,186 people. Data analysis was performed using simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression methods.Results: The mean age of the sample was 42.97 years (SD=15.37), and females were the predominant (52.95%). The majority of samples consumed sweet beverages (31.06%) and salty foods more than once a day (29.22%), did not smoke (59.17%), had a normal body mass index (BMI) (53.78 %), and had experienced gum disease and dental problems in the last year (56.75 %). Physical activity in metabolic equivalent task (MET) was 5,917.79 minute. There was a significant positive association between age and hypertension, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.06 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.05-1.06. Furthermore, the analysis found a significant negative correlation between physical activity and hypertension, with an OR of 0.999 and a 95% CI of 0.9999874-0.9999962.Conclusion: Hypertension is significantly associated with age, whereas physical exercise is negatively associated. Priority should be given to elderly individuals and people with a high BMI for interventions such as routine blood pressure monitoring and education.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Healthy Feeding Behavior of Mothers on the Nutritional Status of Elementary School Students
Authors: Liemen Sherin Felicia , Kurniawan Felicia , Djaya Nanny
Published: January 2024

Background: Some children aged 6-9 years have started to enter the pre-pubertal rapid growth period. Therefore, the need for nutritious food has begun to increase significantly. The role of mothers in providing food is very much needed. This study aimed to discover the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of mothers in healthy feeding on the nutritional status of children.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in July–August 2019. The sample was mothers and their children who were in grades I to III of public and private elementary schools in Penjaringan, Jakarta. The total sampling method was conducted, and data collected included age, gender, height, weight, and mother’s knowledge, attitudes and behavior in healthy feeding Data was analyzed using Chi-square. The nutritional status of the students was calculated using the 2010 anthropometric standards of the Ministry of Health.Results: Of the 348 mothers included, there were 310 mothers (89.1%) with high level of knowledge, 86.5% of mothers had a positive attitude, and 75.3% had good behavior in healthy feeding. The nutritional status of the children was predominantly normal (46.2%) and overweight (34.8%). There was a significant relationship between maternal behavior in giving healthy food and children nutritional status (p=0.046).Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between the mother's behavior in offering healthy food and the children nutritional status. Therefore, parents should pay more attention to behavior in providing healthy food to children.
Cellular Inflammatory Markers and the Castelli Risk Indices in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rahamon Sheu Kadiri , Oladeji David Olaniyi , Yaqub Surajudeen Adebayo , Akinlade Kehinde Sola
Published: January 2024

Background: The clinical importance of early identification of potential predictors of cardiovascular events in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) cannot be overemphasized. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the levels of selected cellular inflammatory markers and Castelli I and II risk indices in women with GDM. Methods: A total of 40 pregnant women, consisting of 11 women with GDM and 29 women without GDM, were randomly enrolled in this case-control study using the convenient sampling method. After participants fasted overnight, venous blood samples were taken,  and the plasma lipid profiles were determined using the spectrophotometric methods. Then, differential white blood cells counting was done using a microscope. Thereafter, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, Castelli risk index-I (CRI-I) and CRI-II, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were calculated using the appropriate formula.  Student’s t-test, Mann Whitney U, Chi-square, and Spearman’s rho correlations were used for statistical analysis. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: Mean age, gestational weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-C, and neutrophil count were significantly higher in women with GDM. Likewise with the Castelli I and II risk indices values, as well as the NLR. In contrast,  HDL-C levels,  lymphocytes, and monocytes counts were significantly lower in women with GDM. However, the two groups observed no difference in the MLR ) .Conclusion: Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidemia and systemic inflammation, which are forerunners of cardiovascular diseases.
Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Hyperglycemia: Retrospective Cohort Study from a COVID-19 Referral Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Permana Hikmat , Ikhsanawati Annisa , Susandi Evan , Soetedjo Nanny Natalia Mulyani , Alisjahbana Bachti
Published: January 2024

Background: COVID-19 often causes severe complications in patients with metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, inflammation caused by infection may also trigger insulin resistance resulting in hyperglycemia and related to disease severity. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hyperglycemia at one of the COVID-19 referral hospital in Bandung, Indonesia.Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from medical records of COVID-19 patients admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from March 2020 to March 2021. This study included all patients with confirmed COVID-19, aged >18 years, and had at least one blood glucose test at admission. Patients were grouped based on three possible types of hyperglycemia namely diabetes mellitus, reactive hyperglycemia, and steroid-induced hyperglycemia, and then compared their characteristics and disease outcomes.Results: This study identified 1,114 patients’ medical records and included 1,013 data in the analysis. Hyperglycemia occurred in 45.1% of COVID-19 patients. The most common hyperglycemia types were diabetes mellitus (55.7%), reactive hyperglycemia (37.4%), and steroid-induced hyperglycemia (7%). The steroid-induced hyperglycemia group had similar characteristics as the diabetes group. The reactive hyperglycemia group exhibited a metabolic syndrome pattern resembling pre-diabetic conditions. The highest rates of severe disease and mortality were seen in the steroid-induced hyperglycemia group, followed by the diabetes group.Conclusion: There is an elevated prevalence of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients with diabetes. The steroid-induced hyperglycemia group has the most unfavorable outcomes. These observations emphasize the importance of identifying hyperglycemic conditions to improve management and outcomes.
Avaliação do grau de confiança e desenvolvimento de competências em estudantes de graduação em medicina com o uso de simuladores de treinamento urogenital masculino
Authors: Brigo Malcom Jones Krummenauer , Garbelini Maria Cecília Da Lozzo , Coelho Izabel Cristina Meister Martins
Published: January 2024

RESUMO Introdução: a formação médica deve fornecer ao futuro profissional, além de conhecimentos teóricos, habilidades gerais e específicas. Na urologia, os simuladores de treinamento urogenital, têm se apresentado como aliado na melhora do grau de confiança e desenvolvimento de competências para estudantes de graduação em medicina. Métodos: pesquisa exploratória descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, de natureza experimental, do tipo randomizado controlado com recorte transversal. Realizada com os estudantes do 4º ano de medicina de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior no Oeste do Paraná. Resultados: 91 estudantes assistiram a uma aula teórica com explanação completa das atividades a serem realizadas, e responderam ao questionário inicial sobre o grau de confiança para executar tarefas em três estações com simuladores de treinamento urogenital masculino (toque prostático, cateterismo vesical e avaliação escrotal). Destes, 45 receberam orientações e treinamento junto aos simuladores previamente as estações, enquanto 46 deveriam demonstrar habilidades diretamente nas três estações, mimetizando o atendimento ao paciente, apenas com informações das aulas teóricas. Os estudantes que receberam orientação prévia junto aos simuladores, tiveram seus escores no desenvolvimento de competência mais elevados. E, ao repetirem o questionário sobre o grau de confiança para demonstrar habilidades junto aos manequins, houve maior grau de confiança em executar as tarefas, com exceção da execução de uma tarefa considerada mais difícil. Conclusão: houve melhora no grau de confiança e no desenvolvimento de competências dos estudantes de graduação em medicina com as orientações nos simuladores de treinamento urogenital masculino.
Confidence degree and skill development in undergraduate medical students using male urogenital training simulators
Authors: Brigo Malcom Jones Krummenauer , Garbelini Maria Cecília Da Lozzo , Coelho Izabel Cristina Meister Martins
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT Introduction: medical training should provide the future professional, in addition to theoretical knowledge, general and specific skills. In urology, urogenital training simulators have been presented as an ally in improving the degree of confidence and development of competencies for undergraduate medical students. Methods: exploratory descriptive research with a quantitative approach, of an experimental nature, of the randomized controlled type with cross-sectional cut. Conducted with the students of the 4th year of medicine of a Higher Education Institution in the West of Paraná. Results: 91 students attended a theoretical class with a complete explanation of the activities to be performed and answered the initial questionnaire about the degree of confidence to perform tasks in three stations with male urogenital training simulators (prostatic touch, bladder catheterization and scrotal evaluation). Of these, 45 received guidance and training with the simulators prior to the stations, while 46 should demonstrate skills directly in the three stations, mimicking patient care, only with information from the theoretical classes. The students who received previous guidance with the simulators had their scores in the development of competence higher. And, when they repeated the questionnaire about the degree of confidence to demonstrate skills with the mannequins, there was a higher degree of confidence in performing the tasks, except for the execution of a task considered more difficult. Conclusion: there was an improvement in the degree of confidence and in the development of competencies of undergraduate medical students with the orientations in the male urogenital training simulators.
Rain Probability for the City of Rio Branco in the Western Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Taveira Matheus Kucmanski , Costa Jaqueline Souza da , Melhorança Filho André Luiz , Nascimento Luan de Oliveira , Serrano Rodrigo Otávio Peréa , Mesquita Anderson Azevedo , Moreira José Genivaldo do Vale
Published: January 2024

Abstract The need to predict the occurrence of rainfall events is essential for planning urban and rural activities. Thus, the objective of this work was to estimate the probable values of rainfall at different levels of probability for the city of Rio Branco, Acre, from the total monthly rainfall records, computed from the historical series from 1970 to 2021. The method of maximum-likelihood was used for estimate the parameters of the Gamma distribution. In the evaluation of the historical rainfall series, it was observed that from june to august is considered the period with less rainfall, while from november to march it is considered the rainy period in the study region. The estimated values of rainfall at different levels of probability for the city of Rio Branco, Acre, allowed verifying that during the period from 1970 to 2021, the estimates comprised in the range of 50% of probability were similar to the monthly average values of the rainfall recorded in the municipality. Therefore, the rainfall values estimated in the present study are tools to support decision-making, especially with regard to planning and undertaking urban and rural activities in the city of Rio Branco.
Negacionismo histórico e emergência da extrema direita A crise do regime moderno de historicidade no Brasil (2019-2022)
Authors: MAIA Tatyana de Amaral
Published: January 2024

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é promover uma reflexão sobre o negacionismo da ditadura civil-militar como parte da ação política de Jair Bolsonaro e da extrema direita brasileira na criminalização dos movimentos sociais. Busca-se compreender como a negação do terrorismo de Estado promovido pela ditadura está relacionada à tentativa política de esvaziar a legitimidade dos direitos humanos e dos movimentos sociais na Nova República (1985-2020). Propomos que o projeto de poder de Bolsonaro inclui uma refundação das bases republicanas, sendo fundamental nesse processo alterar o regime de memória hegemônico construído a partir do processo de redemocratização. Nesse sentido, a hipótese deste artigo é de que o negacionismo histórico é um eixo estruturante no projeto de poder da extrema direita renovada e ocorre em um momento de crise do regime moderno de historicidade e de emergência do presentismo no Brasil. Nesse sentido, o uso político do passado recente pelo governo Bolsonaro se apoia na cultura política autoritária, no anticomunismo e no suposto combate à corrupção. Esses usos pretendem esvaziar qualquer agenda de direitos, favorecendo a consagração do modelo neoliberal.
Royal Forais and Custom Portugal, 12th-13th Centuries
Authors: COELHO Maria Filomena
Published: January 2024

Abstract The 12th and 13th centuries, in Portugal, have been historiographically identified as the hinge of the forais [charters], given the abundance of documents of these legal acts, mainly issued by the monarchy. Although the content of the diplomas often reflects “uses and customs”, this aspect does not merit due attention, preferring to underline potential political meanings concerning the capacities of the one who signs the forais: the king. For the medieval people, who created and used the instrument, it had a meaning and a power that went hand in hand with several others of formal law, of which custom – in addition to law – was a form. But, equally, it is still possible to observe in the elaboration of this type of legal instrument the weight of – so-called non-formal – norms. The intertwining of forais and custom is the central problem of this article, through a perspective that aims to highlight historical modulations of a multinormative character.