bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microfiber-reinforced nanofibrous scaffolds with structural and material gradients to mimic ligament-to-bone interface
Authors: He Jiankang , Jiang Nan , Qin Ting , Zhang Weijie , Liu Zhuo , Liu Yaxiong , Li Dichen
Published: October 2017

A unique electrospinning strategy is presented to fabricate microfiber-reinforced nanofibrous scaffolds with material/structure gradients to mimic native ligament–bone interface.
Hydrogen bonding induced protein adsorption on polymer brushes: a Monte Carlo study
Authors: Han Yuanyuan , Cui Jie , Jin Jing , Jiang Wei
Published: October 2017

The protein adsorption behaviors on polymer brushes in the presence of hydrogen bonding between proteins and polymer brushes.
Multi-state emission properties and the inherent mechanism of D–A–D type asymmetric organic boron complexes
Authors: Qi Yunpeng , Wang Yongtao , Ge Guixian , Liu Zhiyong , Yu Yongjiang , Xue Mei
Published: October 2017

Fluorescence emission properties in the single molecule, crystalline and amorphous state are key factors determining the application fields and scope of luminogens.
Enhanced charge carrier extraction by a highly ordered wrinkled MgZnO thin film for colloidal quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaoliang , Welch Ken , Tian Lei , Johansson Malin B. , Häggman Leif , Liu Jianhua , Johansson Erik M. J.
Published: October 2017

A highly ordered wrinkled MgZnO thin film is prepared using a low-temperature combustion method to enhance the charge carrier extraction of PbS colloidal quantum dot solar cells.
K2MnF6 as a precursor for saturated red fluoride phosphors: the struggle for structural stability
Authors: Verstraete Reinert , Sijbom Heleen F. , Korthout Katleen , Poelman Dirk , Detavernier Christophe , Smet Philippe F.
Published: October 2017

Degradation pathways of K2MnF6, an essential precursor for the synthesis of red fluoride phosphors, are revealed.
Synthesis, aggregation-induced emission and electroluminescence properties of three new phenylethylene derivatives comprising carbazole and (dimesitylboranyl)phenyl groups
Authors: Shi Heping , Zhang Xinlei , Gui Chen , Wang Shujuan , Fang Li , Zhao Zujin , Chen Shuming , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2017

It is essential that light-emitting materials possess high fluorescence intensity in the solid-state and a stable charge-transporting ability for the construction of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with outstanding performance.
The distribution of stars around the Milky Way’s central black hole
Authors: Schödel R. , Gallego-Cano E. , Dong H. , Nogueras-Lara F. , Gallego-Calvente A. T. , Amaro-Seoane P. , Baumgardt H.
Published: October 2017

Context. This is the second of three papers that search for the predicted stellar cusp around the Milky Way’s central black hole, Sagittarius A*, with new data and methods.

Aims. We aim to infer the distribution of the faintest stellar population currently accessible through observations around Sagittarius A*.

Methods. We used adaptive optics assisted high angular resolution images obtained with the NACO instrument at the ESO VLT. Through optimised PSF fitting we removed the light from all detected stars above a given magnitude limit. Subsequently we analysed the remaining, diffuse light density. Systematic uncertainties were constrained by the use of data from different observing epochs and obtained with different filters. We show that it is necessary to correct for the diffuse emission from the mini-spiral, which would otherwise lead to a systematically biased light density profile. We used a Paschen α map obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope for this purpose.

Results. The azimuthally averaged diffuse surface light density profile within a projected distance of R ≲ 0.5 pc from Sagittarius A* can be described consistently by a single power law with an exponent of Γ = 0.26 ± 0.02stat ± 0.05sys, similar to what has been found for the surface number density of faint stars in Paper I.

Conclusions. The analysed diffuse light arises from sub-giant and main-sequence stars with Ks ≈ 19−22 with masses of 0.8−1.5 M⊙. These stars can be old enough to be dynamically relaxed. The observed power-law profile and its slope are consistent with the existence of a relaxed stellar cusp around the Milky Way’s central black hole. We find that a Nuker law provides an adequate description of the nuclear cluster’s intrinsic shape (assuming spherical symmetry). The 3D power-law slope near Sgr A* is γ = 1.13 ± 0.03model ± 0.05sys. The stellar density decreases more steeply beyond a break radius of about 3 pc, which corresponds roughly to the radius of influence of the massive black hole. At a distance of 0.01 pc from the black hole, we estimate a stellar mass density of 2.6 ± 0.3 × 107 M⊙ pc-3 and a total enclosed stellar mass of 180 ± 30  M⊙. These estimates assume a constant mass-to-light ratio and do not take stellar remnants into account. The fact that a flat projected surface density is observed for old giants at projected distances R ≲ 0.3 pc implies that some mechanism may have altered their appearance or distribution.
The FRIGG project: From intermediate galactic scales to self-gravitating cores
Authors: Hennebelle Patrick
Published: October 2017

Context. Understanding the detailed structure of the interstellar gas is essential for our knowledge of the star formation process.

Aim. The small-scale structure of the interstellar medium (ISM) is a direct consequence of the galactic scales and making the link between the two is essential.

Methods. We perform adaptive mesh simulations that aim to bridge the gap between the intermediate galactic scales and the self-gravitating prestellar cores. For this purpose we use stratified supernova regulated ISM magneto-hydrodynamical simulations at the kpc scale to set up the initial conditions. We then zoom, performing a series of concentric uniform refinement and then refining on the Jeans length for the last levels. This allows us to reach a spatial resolution of a few 10−3 pc. The cores are identified using a clump finder and various criteria based on virial analysis. Their most relevant properties are computed and, due to the large number of objects formed in the simulations, reliable statistics are obtained.

Results. The cores’ properties show encouraging agreements with observations. The mass spectrum presents a clear powerlaw at high masses with an exponent close to ≃−1.3 and a peak at about 1–2 M⊙. The velocity dispersion and the angular momentum distributions are respectively a few times the local sound speed and a few 10−2 pc km s−1. We also find that the distribution of thermally supercritical cores present a range of magnetic mass-to-flux over critical mass-to-flux ratios, typically between ≃0.3 and 3 indicating that they are significantly magnetized. Investigating the time and spatial dependence of these statistical properties, we conclude that they are not significantly affected by the zooming procedure and that they do not present very large fluctuations. The most severe issue appears to be the dependence on the numerical resolution of the core mass function (CMF). While the core definition process may possibly introduce some biases, the peak tends to shift to smaller values when the resolution improves.

Conclusions. Our simulations, which use self-consistently generated initial conditions at the kpc scale, produce a large number of prestellar cores from which reliable statistics can be inferred. Preliminary comparisons with observations show encouraging agreements. In particular the inferred CMFs resemble the ones inferred from recent observations. We stress, however, a possible issue with the peak position shifting with numerical resolution.
Minimal clusters of four planar regions with the same area
Authors: Paolini Emanuele , Tamagnini Andrea
Published: October 2017

We prove that the optimal way to enclose and separate four planar regions with equal area using the less possible perimeter requires all regions to be connected. Moreover, the topology of such optimal clusters is uniquely determined.
α-Selective Glycosylation of 3,6-O-o-Xylylene-Bridged Glucosyl Fluoride
Authors: Yamada Hidetoshi , Motoyama Atsushi , Arai Tomoki , Ikeuchi Kazutada , Aki Kazuya , Wakamori Shinnosuke
Published: October 2017

A 1,2-cis-(α)-selective glycosylation has been developed. An ortho-xylylene group bridged between 3-O and 6-O of d-glucosyl fluoride, which straddles the β-face of the pyranose ring, hinders the ­approach of glycosyl acceptors from that face. The determination of the three-dimensional structure of the bridged glucosyl fluoride, the optimization process of the reaction conditions oriented toward kinetic control to realize the high α-selectivity, and the scope of the reaction are described.
Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Mukesh , Lotfi Amir
Published: October 2017

The most dreaded complication with percutaneous coronary intervention with stents, either bare-metal or drug-eluting stents is stent thrombosis (ST) and it has a significant detrimental effect on the outcome for the patient. The initial attempts at intervention with bare-metal stents had much higher rates of ST compared with what is currently prevailing in the modern interventional world. Significant changes with respect to the stent technology, pharmacology, and most importantly our understanding of this phenomenon have decreased the risk of ST. There are many factors that can be performed to minimize the risk of ST and this review will describe the incidence, pathophysiology, and contributing risk factors to ST.
Transverse Fracture of the Mandible: Report of a Rare Case of Domestic Violence and its Management
Authors: Jajodia Neha , Singh Virendra , Kumar Neeraj , Bhagol Amrish
Published: October 2017

Domestic violence, a grave violation of basic human rights, remains one of the most challenging problems of our society. Though commonly involving the facial region, these injuries are difficult to characterize and treat due to varied and unique presentations. Cases of violent weapon injuries can often be a challenge for the treating surgeon due to nonbiomechanical pattern of the presentation. The purpose of this report is to discuss the presentation and management of a brutal case of domestic violence with a rare “chop” injury pattern caused by an “axe.” Only two previous reports of sharp weapon injury resulting in horizontal fracture of mandible have been found in literature, of which only one was caused by an axe. The important social issue of significance of health care personnel, who are in a unique position and can contribute toward raising the awareness to the plight of silent sufferers of domestic violence for whom home is often the most dangerous place, is also raised.
Neurovisual Assessment in Children with Ataxia Telangiectasia
Authors: Galli Jessica , Molinaro Anna , Franzoni Alessandra , Micheli Roberto , Pinelli Lorenzo , Plebani Alessandro , Soresina Annarosa , Fazzi Elisa , Iodice Alessandro
Published: October 2017

Aim Visual impairment is present in almost all patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and, due to their early onset, constitute an important disabling aspect of the syndrome: the quality of vision is limited by dyspraxia and oculomotor abnormal movements. The purpose of this observational study was to describe visual disorders, notably oculomotor impairment, in a sample of children with AT.

Methods Fifteen AT patients (mean age 12 years and 4 months) underwent a neurovisual evaluation, particularly focused on oculomotor functions (fixation, smooth pursuit, saccades, and abnormal ocular movements). We compared the visual profile obtained with that described using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) subscale of oculomotor dysfunction.

Results Refractive errors were seen in eight patients and strabismus in three. Major oculomotor findings were fixation abnormalities (6/15), saccadic impairment (15/15), and abnormal smooth pursuit (14/15). Abnormal ocular movements were seen in 13/15 (saccadic intrusion in 8 and nystagmus in 5). Using ICARS scale, 13/15 children presented gaze-evoked nystagmus, 4/15 a clearly saccadic pursuit, and 11/15 dysmetria of saccades.

Discussion We propose a clinical neurovisual evaluation, which could be integrated with ICARS scores in the study of oculomotor involvement in AT pediatric patients. We strongly recommend the empowerment of visual functions to slow down progressive global disability of these patients.
Ascendobifemoral Bypass for the Treatment of a Thoracic Endograft Infection
Authors: Pleger Sebastian , Nink Nadine , Böning Andreas , Koshty Ahmed
Published: October 2017

Background Endograft infections (EIs) are rare complications after endovascular procedures in the thoracic and abdominal aortas. The challenging treatment encloses antibiotic and surgical therapies.

Case Description A 74-year-old male patient developed an EI after an endovascular procedure (thoracic endovascular aortic repair [TEVAR]). Despite a long-term oral antibiotic therapy, the clinical symptoms showed no falling trend. Because of the expanded infection from above the celiac trunk up to the aortic arch, we decided to remove the infected endograft and to implant an extra-anatomic ascendobifemoral bypass.

Conclusion The implantation of an ascendobifemoral bypass was a successful treatment option for EIs after TEVAR.
Fobis clever unterstützen – Das haben Sie davon!
Authors: Alt D.
Published: October 2017

Wer seine Angestellten bei Fortbildungen finanziell unterstützt, erhöht ihre Motivation und stärkt die Mitarbeiterbindung. Wer sogar damit wirbt, hat bessere Chancen bei der Mitarbeitersuche. Am Ende soll auf jeden Fall eine Win-win-Situation entstehen, also eine, von der auch der Praxisinhaber profitiert.
Die Rechtsfrage: Mein Patient raucht. Kann ich mich weigern, ihn zu behandeln?
Authors: Bossow Karsten
Published: October 2017

„Bei einem Patienten, den ich zu Hause behandle, wird stark geraucht, auch während der Therapie. Ich finde das eklig und es schadet meiner Gesundheit. Kann ich in Absprache mit meinem Chef etwas dagegen unternehmen?”

Therapeutin via Facebook
Occupational Science – Betätigung verstehen
Authors: Kranz Florence
Published: October 2017

Wer sich intensiver mit dem Kern der Ergotherapie beschäftigen will, kommt an der Occupational Science nicht vorbei. Diese interdisziplinäre Wissenschaft beleuchtet Fragen rund um die menschliche Betätigung und liefert Ergotherapeuten damit wichtige Erkenntnisse für ihre praktische Arbeit.
Schwanger im Job – Wie ein Alien auf Station
Authors: Jäcker Katja
Published: October 2017

„Du musst jetzt auf dich aufpassen!“, hörte Katja Jäcker häufig von Kollegen im Akutkrankenhaus. Mit ihrer Schwangerschaft kamen aber nicht nur körperliche Veränderungen auf sie zu. Erst mal musste sie sich Fragen stellen wie: Wann sage ich es dem Chef? Oder wie gehe ich mit dem Risiko von Krankenhausinfektionen um? Ein ganz persönlicher Einblick.
Konkurrierende Validität der Entwicklungsdiagnostik zum Zeitpunkt der Schuleingangsuntersuchung – Ergebnisse einer Vollerhebung in einem oberbayerischen Landkreis
Authors: Stich Heribert , Schlinkmann Kristin , Mikolajczyk Rafael
Published: October 2017

Ziel der Studie Ermittlung der konkurrierenden Validität eines modifizierten Bayerischen Modells (BM) im Vergleich zum Sozialpädiatrischen Entwicklungsscreening für Schuleingangsuntersuchungen (SOPESS) als Referenzinstrument.

Methodik Insgesamt wurden 407 oberbayerische Vorschulkinder des Einschulungsjahrganges 2015 mittels SOPESS und eines „BM“ entwicklungsdiagnostisch untersucht. Als Maß für die konkurrierende Validität fand das Kappa nach Cohen (ĸ) Verwendung.

Ergebnisse Die Übereinstimmung beider Instrumente war moderat, und fiel geringer auf der Ebene der einzelnen Dimensionen als insgesamt aus. Die Übereinstimmungen waren in den Dimensionen „Präpositionen“ vs. „Grammatismus“ (ĸ=0,46) am stärksten und „Zahlen- und Mengenvorwissen“ vs. „Kalkulie“ (ĸ=0,05) am geringsten. Eine Stratifizierung nach Alter, Geschlecht, Nationalität und Ablauf der Untersuchungsgänge hatte keinen nachweisbaren Einfluss auf die Stärke der Übereinstimmung.

Schlussfolgerung Die nur moderate Übereinstimmung beider Instrumente wirft die Frage nach der Validität des bisherigen BM in den Schuleingangsuntersuchungen auf.
Soziale Ungleichheiten im Alter(n) – eine Herausforderung
für die Pflege
Authors: Dörge Christine
Published: October 2017

Die Lebenslagen älterer Menschen differieren erheblich. Soziale
Benachteiligungen beeinträchtigen die subjektive wie objektive Gesundheit der
Betroffenen und wirken sich negativ auf deren Lebensqualität und Wohlbefinden
aus. Die Wahrnehmung sozialer Ungleichheiten und ihrer Folgen bedarf in der
Pflege somit besonderer Achtsamkeit, um sie in der Pflegearbeit angemessen zu
berücksichtigen.
Bedürfnis- und bedarfsgerechte orale Ernährung für Menschen
mit Demenz
Authors: Holle Daniela , Holtorf Ricarda
Published: October 2017

Qualitätsinstrumente Eine bedürfnis- und bedarfsgerechte orale Ernährung
für Menschen mit Demenz setzt gleichermaßen spezifische Kenntnisse sowie die
Zusammenarbeit unterschiedlicher Berufsgruppen voraus. Welche Hilfestellungen
die Qualitätsinstrumente der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung und der
aktualisierte Expertenstandard Ernährungsmanagement des Deutschen Netzwerks für
Qualitätsentwicklung in der Pflege hierbei geben können, werden im folgenden
Beitrag aufgezeigt.
A health economic evaluation of needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for the diagnosis of pancreatic cysts
Authors: Le Pen Claude , Palazzo Laurent , Napoléon Bertrand
Published: October 2017

Background and study aims The low sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), especially for the diagnosis of serous cystadenomas (SCAs), can be associated with diagnostic uncertainty that can regularly lead to unnecessary surgical procedures. Needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) used with EUS-FNA improves diagnostic accuracy, helping to reduce unnecessary surgery and patient follow-up. This study was conducted to evaluate the economic benefit of EUS-FNA + nCLE.

Patients and methods Probabilities used were derived from two studies representative of the two diagnostic strategies: a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed by EUS-FNA alone and a prospective study of patients diagnosed by EUS-FNA + nCLE. Costs were based on French healthcare system rates; both private and public sector rates were included. A decision tree structure model used these probabilities and costs for two hypothetical cohorts of 1000 patients.

Results EUS-FNA + nCLE resulted in a reduction of 23 % in the total rate of surgical intervention, which translated to a reduction in clinical costs of 13 % (public sector) and 14 % (private sector). Additionally, the reduced rate of surgery would save the lives of 4 in 1000 patients. A stochastic sensitivity analysis using 100 simulations showed that in all cases the number of interventions was less for EUS-FNA + nCLE than for EUS-FNA. There was also a reduction in the incidence of false negatives using EUS-FNA + nCLE.

Conclusions EUS-FNA + nCLE results in significant economic benefits by reducing the incidence of misdiagnosis through improved diagnostic accuracy.
Comparative analysis of avascular areas in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas using in vivo and ex vivo magnifying endoscopy
Authors: Ogo Taichi , Kawada Kenro , Nakajima Yasuaki , Tokairin Yutaka , Ito Takashi , Kawano Tatsuyuki
Published: October 2017

Background and study aims An avascular area (AVA), one of the microvasculature changes in superficial esophageal cancers, appears when a tumor demonstrates a bulky growth pattern. We aimed to compare endoscopic and histopathological findings by observing formalin-fixed AVA specimens using magnifying endoscopy.

Patients and methods A prospective analysis was conducted on 16 patients with superficial esophageal cancer, including AVA, who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Magnifying endoscopy and blue laser imaging were used to identify AVAs. After the ESD, the AVA width was measured on formalin-fixed specimens using magnifying endoscopy, and AVA thickness and depth were determined after hematoxylin and eosin staining using microscopy.

Results Mean AVA widths of M1, M2, and M3/SM-lesions were 0.434, 0.578, and 0.835 mm, respectively (M1 vs. M2, P = 0.16; M2 vs. M3/SM-, P = 0.07). Mean AVA thicknesses of M1, M2, and M3/SM-lesions were significantly different (0.176, 0.518, and 0.800 mm; M1 vs. M2, P < 0.01; M2 vs. M3/SM-, P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between AVA width and thickness.

Conclusions AVA size can be measured accurately on formalin-fixed specimens with magnifying endoscopy. AVA thickness can be useful for determining tumor depth.
Das Plöner Modell zur Schuleingangsuntersuchung ist richtungsweisend für die Zukunft
Authors: Weigl Josef
Published: October 2017

Hintergrund Das Plöner Modell mit seinem stufenweis-selektiven Vorgehen, ähnlich dem seit 2008 in ganz Bayern praktizierten Modell, wurde bereits 2002/2003 für die Schuleingangsuntersuchung (SEU) entwickelt und wird seitdem mit Erfolg angewendet. Immer wieder wird derartigen Modellen vorgehalten, sie müssten unbedingt alle Einschüler auch ärztlich untersuchen.

Methode Das Vorgehen und die Daten aus dem Plöner Modell werden analysiert und in einem größeren Zusammenhang in Deutschland und darüber hinaus gestellt. Die derzeitigen Vorgehensweisen bei der SEU werden dazu in 3 Kategorien eingeteilt und anhand von Public Health Ethik Kriterien verglichen. Als vornehmlicher Betrachtungsendpunkt dient der diagnostizierte (sonder-) pädagogische Förderbedarf.

Ergebnisse 1475–1045 Einschüler wurden pro Jahr zwischen 2003 und 2016 vom KJGD Team mit 2,1 MFA/SMA und 1,5 Kinderärztinnen neben den sonstigen Aufgaben untersucht. Durch das stufenweis-selektive Vorgehen standen pro förderbedürftiges Kind statt der üblichen 15, nunmehr 45–60 min zur Verfügung. Der Filter mittels Elternfragebogen, Ergänzung durch die Erzieherinnen, Untersuchungen durch die MFA und eines detaillierten Kriterienkataloges erlaubte, den Anteil der Einschüler, die auch ärztlich zu untersuchen sind, auf 28–41% zu reduzieren. Der Prozentsatz als förderbedürftig diagnostizierter Kinder lag im Schleswig-Holsteiner Landesdurchschnitt.

Schlussfolgerungen Ein stufenweis-selektives Vorgehen gebietet die Effizienz und die Public Health Ethik. Die Anwendungssicherheit (richtig positive und richtig negative) ist im Plöner Modell gewährleistet. Jegliches Vorgehen, ob eine generelle ärztliche Untersuchung oder auch ein Vorverlegen eines ersten Teils der SEU in das vierte Lebensjahr, bedarf der fortlaufenden kritischen Evaluation und fachlichen Begleitung.
SIgA and Upper Respiratory Syndrome During a College Cross Country Season
Authors: Fahlman Mariane , Engels Hermann , Hall Heather
Published: October 2017

We examined the changes in salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and the incidence of upper respiratory syndrome (URS) throughout a college cross-country season as well as the acute effect of a VO2max test on SIgA. Subjects were 22 cross country athletes (XC) (20.7±0.3 years) and 23 matched controls (C) (20.4±0.2 years). Saliva samples were collected pre and post VO2max and at four training time points (August – November). Weekly logs indicating S&S of URS from which a total symptom score (TSS) was calculated were collected. There was a significant decrease in SIgA F(1,43)=10.742, p<0.001 and the secretion rate of SIgA F(1,43)=15.617, p<0.001 for XC at time points two through four. XC was also significantly lower than controls in those two variables across those time points. The secretion rate of SIgA and URS were negatively correlated at time point four R2=0.443, F(4,22)=26.9, p=0.001. There was a significant acute post exercise decrease in the secretion rate of SIgA, pre (M=21.44, SEM=3.95) and post (M=14.5, SEM=3.0), t(1,21)=2.185, p=0.039. Prolonged training resulted in decreased mucosal SIgA.
Monte Carlo Method Based QSAR Studies of Mer Kinase Inhibitors in Compliance with OECD Principles
Authors: Kumar Parvin , Kumar Ashwani
Published: October 2017

Monte Carlo method based QSAR studies for inhibitors of Mer kinase, a potential novel target for cancer treatment, has been carried out using balance of correlation technique. The data was divided into three random and dissimilar splits and hybrid optimal descriptors derived from SMILES and hydrogen filled graphs based notations were used for construction of QSAR models. The generated models have good fitting ability, robustness, generalizability and internal predictive ability. The external predictive ability has been tested using multiple criteria and described models exhibited good performance in all of these tests. The values of R2, Q2, R2
test, Q2
test, R2
m and ∆R2
m for the best model are 0.9502, 0.9388, 0.9469, 0.9083, 0.7534 and 0.0894 respectively. Also, the structural characteristics responsible for enhancement and reduction of activity have been extracted. Further, the agreement with the OECD rules for QSAR model has been discussed.
The Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipid Profiles Among Patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Tabrizi Reza , Akbari Maryam , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Lankarani Kamran , Heydari Seyed , Kolahdooz Fariba , Mohammadi Ali , Shabani Azade , Badehnoosh Bita , Jamilian Mehri , Assarian Amin , Asemi Zatollah
Published: October 2017

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the effect of selenium administration on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles among patients with diseases related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). We searched the following databases up to May 2017: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The relevant data were extracted and assessed for quality of the studies according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were pooled using the inverse variance method and expressed as standardized mean difference (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Five studies were included in the meta-analyses. The results showed that selenium supplementation significantly reduced insulin levels (SMD −0.42; 95% CI, −0.83 to −0.01) and increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (SMD 0.83; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.09). Selenium supplementation had no beneficial effects on other glucose homeostasis parameters, such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (SMD −0.29; 95% CI, −0.73 to 0.15), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD −0.80; 95% CI, −1.58 to −0.03), and lipid profiles, such as triglycerides (SMD −0.42; 95% CI, −0.83 to −0.01), VLDL- (SMD −0.42; 95% CI, −0.83 to −0.01), total- (SMD −0.42; 95% CI, −0.83 to −0.01), LDL- (SMD 0.02; 95% CI, −0.20 to 0.24), and HDL-cholesterol (SMD 0.16; 95% CI, −0.06 to −0.38). Overall, this meta-analysis showed that selenium administration may lead to an improvement in insulin and QUICKI, but did not affect FPG, HOMA-IR, and lipid profiles.
The Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Following Experimental Colitis: Role of COX-2 and TNF-Alpha Expression
Authors: Silva Marcelo , Vilegas Wagner , da Silva Marcelo , Paiotti Ana , Pastrelo Mauricio , Ruiz Pedro , de Moura Carolina , Oshima Celina , Ribeiro Daniel
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive and/or protective action of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (M. caesalpiniifolia) following experimental colitis in rats. The rats were randomized into ten groups (n=10 per group), as follows: G1 – Sham group:; G2 – TNBS group; G3, G4 –colitis and treated with hydroalcoholic extract of M. caesalpiniifolia 250 mg/kg/day after and before/after inducing colitis, respectively; G5, G6 – colitis and treated with hydroalcoholic extract of M. caesalpiniifolia at 125 mg/kg/day after and before/after inducing colitis respectively; G7,G8 – colitis and treated with ethylacetate fraction of M. caesalpiniifolia at 50 mg/kg/day after and before/after inducing colitis, respectively; G9,G10 – colitis and treated with ethylacetate fraction of M. caesalpiniifolia at 50 mg/kg/day after and before/after inducing colitis, respectively. Rats treated with hydroalcoholic extract of M. caesalpiniifolia for both doses showed lower tissue damage in the distal colon. Ethylacetate fraction was effective at the highest dose only when administrated after inducing colitis. A downregulation of COX-2 was detected to rats suffering colitis and treated with M. caesalpiniifolia at high dose. On the other hand, TNF-alpha immunoexpression decreased in groups treated with M. caesalpiniifolia at low dose after inducing colitis. In summary, our results suggest that M. caesalpiniifolia attenuated the lesions of the colon, reduced inflammation, and modulates the expression of COX-2 and TNF-α during chronic colitis induced by TNBS when using for therapeutic purposes on a dose-dependent manner.
Convective instability and boundary driven oscillations in a reaction-diffusion-advection model
Authors: Vidal-Henriquez Estefania , Zykov Vladimir , Bodenschatz Eberhard , Gholami Azam
Published: October 2017

In a reaction-diffusion-advection system, with a convectively unstable regime, a perturbation creates a wave train that is advected downstream and eventually leaves the system. We show that the convective instability coexists with a local absolute instability when a fixed boundary condition upstream is imposed. This boundary induced instability acts as a continuous wave source, creating a local periodic excitation near the boundary, which initiates waves travelling both up and downstream. To confirm this, we performed analytical analysis and numerical simulations of a modified Martiel-Goldbeter reaction-diffusion model with the addition of an advection term. We provide a quantitative description of the wave packet appearing in the convectively unstable regime, which we found to be in excellent agreement with the numerical simulations. We characterize this new instability and show that in the limit of high advection speed, it is suppressed. This type of instability can be expected for reaction-diffusion systems that present both a convective instability and an excitable regime. In particular, it can be relevant to understand the signaling mechanism of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum that may experience fluid flows in its natural habitat.
The size of the sync basin revisited
Authors: Delabays Robin , Tyloo Melvyn , Jacquod Philippe
Published: October 2017

In dynamical systems, the full stability of fixed point solutions is determined by their basins of attraction. Characterizing the structure of these basins is, in general, a complicated task, especially in high dimensionality. Recent works have advocated to quantify the non-linear stability of fixed points of dynamical systems through the relative volumes of the associated basins of attraction [Wiley et al., Chaos 16, 015103 (2006) and Menck et al. Nat. Phys. 9, 89 (2013)]. Here, we revisit this issue and propose an efficient numerical method to estimate these volumes. The algorithm first identifies stable fixed points. Second, a set of initial conditions is considered that are randomly distributed at the surface of hypercubes centered on each fixed point. These initial conditions are dynamically evolved. The linear size of each basin of attraction is finally determined by the proportion of initial conditions which converge back to the fixed point. Armed with this algorithm, we revisit the problem considered by Wiley et al. in a seminal paper [Chaos 16, 015103 (2006)] that inspired the title of the present manuscript and consider the equal-frequency Kuramoto model on a cycle. Fixed points of this model are characterized by an integer winding number q and the number n of oscillators. We find that the basin volumes scale as (1−4q/n)n, contrasting with the Gaussian behavior postulated in the study by Wiley et al.. Finally, we show the applicability of our method to complex models of coupled oscillators with different natural frequencies and on meshed networks.
Defect interaction and local structural distortions in Mg-doped LaGaO3: A combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Gambino Marianna , Di Tommaso Stefania , Giannici Francesco , Longo Alessandro , Adamo Carlo , Labat Frédéric , Martorana Antonino
Published: October 2017

A combined experimental and theoretical study of Mg-doped LaGaO3 electrolyte was carried out, with the aim to unveil the interaction between oxygen vacancy (Vo) and perovskite B site cations. LaGaO3 (LG) and LaGa0.875Mg0.125O2.938 (LGM0125) samples were comprehensively characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray diffraction, in order to investigate short- and long-range structures of both undoped and Mg-doped materials. XAS analysis evidenced a preferential Ga-Vo interaction in LGM0125, confirmed by periodic hybrid density functional theory calculations, which were combined with a symmetry-independent classes (SICs) approach in order to (a) obtain a detailed picture of the different Mg and Vo configurations in the doped material and (b) characterize the structural features of the conducting sites. Among the 28 structures of LGM0125 considered in the SIC approach, the Ga–Vo–Ga and Ga–Vo–Mg axial configurations (oriented along the b crystallographic axis) were found to be the most stable. The relative stability of all vacancy configurations considered could be related to geometric distortions of the B-sites, possibly significantly affecting the oxygen-ion diffusion process in such electrolytes.
Ultrafast non-thermal laser excitation of gigahertz longitudinal and shear acoustic waves in spin-crossover molecular crystals [Fe(PM–AzA)2(NCS)2]
Authors: Parpiiev T. , Servol M. , Lorenc M. , Chaban I. , Lefort R. , Collet E. , Cailleau H. , Ruello P. , Daro N. , Chastanet G. , Pezeril T.
Published: October 2017

We report GHz longitudinal as well as shear acoustic phonon photoexcitation and photodetection using femtosecond laser pulses in a spin-crossover molecular crystal. From our experimental observation of time domain Brillouin scattering triggered by the photoexcitation of acoustic waves across the low-spin (LS) to high-spin (HS) thermal crossover, we reveal a link between the molecular spin state and photoexcitation of coherent GHz acoustic phonons. In particular, we experimentally evidence a non-thermal pathway for the laser excitation of GHz phonons. We also provide experimental insights into the optical and mechanical parameters evolving across the LS/HS spin crossover temperature range.
Synthesis of Cs2AgSbCl6 and improved optoelectronic properties of Cs2AgSbCl6/TiO2 heterostructure driven by the interface effect for lead-free double perovskites solar cells
Authors: Deng Wan , Deng Zun-Yi , He Jiawei , Wang Mingzi , Chen Zi-Xuan , Wei Su-Huai , Feng Hong-Jian
Published: October 2017

Double perovskites Cs2AgSbCl6 have been synthesized via the solution state for applications as a promising photovoltaic absorber. Considering TiO2 as an electron transport layer (ETL), Cs2AgSbCl6/TiO2 heterojunction nanoparticles have also been prepared by the hydrothermal process to study the interface effect. Experimental measurements show that Cs2AgSbCl6 has a cubic structure with the lattice constant of 10.699 Å. The absorption peaks in the optical spectrum of the Ag and Sb-based double perovskites agree well with our density functional theory calculations. The Cs2AgSbCl6/TiO2 heterostructure exhibits enhanced optical absorption in the visible-light region compared to that of Cs2AgSbCl6, which is caused by the formation of the interface states and the decreased bandgap, thus facilitating the photo-induced optical transition in the visible-light region. From the charge transfer analysis of two interfaces (Ag2Sb2Cl8/TiO2 and Cs4Cl4/TiO2 interfaces), we find that the efficient separation of photo-induced carriers can be achieved at the Cs4Cl4/TiO2 interface, with electron flowing from the double perovskite layer to the TiO2 ETL, which is beneficial for improving the power conversion efficiency of solar cells. The combined study of theory and experiments indicates that the double perovskites Cs2AgSbCl6 would be a promising light-absorbing material in contact with TiO2 for the lead-free perovskite-based solar cell devices.
Thermoacoustically driven triboelectric nanogenerator: Combining thermoacoustics and nanoscience
Authors: Zhu Shunmin , Yu Aifang , Yu Guoyao , Liu Yudong , Zhai Junyi , Dai Wei , Luo Ercang
Published: October 2017

A thermoacoustic heat engine (TAHE) is a type of regenerative heat engine that converts external heat into mechanical power in the form of an acoustic wave with no moving mechanical components. One significant application of the TAHE is the generation of electricity by coupling an acoustic-to-electric conversion unit such as a linear motor or a piezoelectric ceramic assembly. However, present-day conversion technologies have considerable drawbacks, including structural complexity, high cost, and low reliability. The advent of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offers an alternative means to overcoming these shortcomings. In this paper, we propose a thermoacoustically driven TENG (TA-TENG) that continuously harvests external heat. A test rig involving a standing-wave TAHE and a contact-separation mode TENG was fabricated to demonstrate this concept. Currently, the TA-TENG produces a maximum output voltage of 10 V and a corresponding output power of 0.008 μW with a load of 400 MΩ, demonstrating the viability of this hybrid combination for electricity generation.
Characterization of silicon surface states at clean and copper contaminated condition via transient capacitance measurement
Authors: Song Lihui , Xie Meng , Yu Xuegong , Yang Deren
Published: October 2017

Silicon surface is one of the dominant recombination sites for silicon solar cells. Generally, the recombination ability of silicon surface is characterized in terms of surface recombination velocity. However, silicon surface actually contain a series of donor and acceptor levels across the silicon band gap, and therefore the surface recombination velocity is too general to provide detailed information of the silicon surface states. In this paper, we used the measured transient capacitance data to extract the detailed information (like defect energy levels, defect densities, and capture cross sections) of the silicon surface states. Furthermore, the influence of copper contamination on silicon surface states was examined, and it was found that copper contamination can change the localized energy levels of “clean” silicon surface states to the band-like energy levels, meanwhile the defect densities and capture cross sections were both enlarged.
Origin of femtosecond laser induced periodic nanostructure on diamond
Authors: Abdelmalek A. , Sotillo B. , Bedrane Z. , Bharadwaj V. , Pietralunga S. , Ramponi R. , Amara E.-H. , Eaton S. M.
Published: October 2017

We study the evolution of periodic nanostructures formed on the surface of diamond by femtosecond laser irradiation delivering 230 fs pulses at 1030 nm and 515 nm wavelengths with a repetition rate of 250 kHz. Using scanning electron microscopy, we observe a change in the periodicity of the nanostructures by varying the number of pulses overlapping in the laser focal volume. We simulate the evolution of the period of the high spatial frequency laser induced periodic surface structures at the two wavelengths as a function of number of pulses, accounting for the change in the optical properties of diamond via a generalized plasmonic model. We propose a hypothesis that describes the origin of the nanostructures and the principal role of plasmonic excitation in their formation during multipulse femtosecond laser irradiation.
Double exponential sinc-collocation method for solving the energy eigenvalues of harmonic oscillators perturbed by a rational function
Authors: Gaudreau Philippe , Safouhi Hassan
Published: October 2017

We show that the double exponential sinc-collocation method provides an efficient uniformly accurate solution to the one-dimensional time independent Schrödinger equation for a general class of rational potentials of the form V (x) = p(x)/q(x). The derived algorithm is based on the discretization of the Hamiltonian of the Schrödinger equation using sinc expansions. This discretization results in a generalized eigenvalue problem, the eigenvalues of which correspond to approximations of the energy values of the starting Hamiltonian. A systematic numerical study is conducted, beginning with test potentials with known eigenvalues and moving to rational potentials of increasing degree.
A method for indication and improving the position stability of the bubble in single-bubble cavitation experiments
Authors: Plocek Jaroslav
Published: October 2017

A newly developed method for indication of the bubble state in classical single-bubble cavitation experiments is introduced. The method is based on processing the signal from a sensor, positioned on the flask from outside. The technical means of the method are further explored to improve the position stability of the bubble.
High-precision multi-node clock network distribution
Authors: Chen Xing , Cui Yifan , Lu Xing , Ci Cheng , Zhang Xuesong , Liu Bo , Wu Hong , Tang Tingsong , Shi Kebin , Zhang Zhigang
Published: October 2017

A high precision multi-node clock network for multiple users was built following the precise frequency transmission and time synchronization of 120 km fiber. The network topology adopts a simple star-shaped network structure. The clock signal of a hydrogen maser (synchronized with UTC) was recovered from a 120 km telecommunication fiber link and then was distributed to 4 sub-stations. The fractional frequency instability of all substations is in the level of 10−15 in a second and the clock offset instability is in sub-ps in root-mean-square average.
Does the accreditation of private dental practices work? Time to rethink how accreditation can improve patient safety
Authors: Jean Gillian
Published: October 2017

Accreditation to demonstrate engagement with the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (Standards) is compulsory for most hospital and healthcare settings, but to date remains voluntary for private dental practices (PDPs). The regulatory framework governing the dental profession lacks a proactive element to drive improvements in quality and safety of care, and an accreditation scheme can strengthen existing regulation. The current model of accreditation operating in accordance with the Australian Health Service Safety and Quality Accreditation Scheme (Scheme) is based on the Standards, which were written for a hospital model of healthcare service. The majority of PDPs are small office-based businesses with clear leadership structure and employing six staff or fewer. The Scheme is overly bureaucratic given the simplicity of the PDP business model. This article considers whether accreditation has a proven track record of improving quality of service and offers opinions about how a more appropriate safety management program for PDPs may look. What is known about the topic? There has been minimal research about the impact of accreditation schemes in improving patient safety in PDP. What does this paper add? This paper proposes a redesign of the Scheme to make it more relevant to PDPs. The paper offers strategies to minimise duplication of purpose between accreditation and existing legislation; and to strengthen critical elements of accreditation to improve effects on patient safety. What are the implications for practitioners? A redesigned accreditation scheme will support dental practitioners to implement a quality assurance system with improved efficiency, reduced administrative burden, and optimised patient safety.
Public reporting of hospital performance data: views of senior medical directors in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Canaway Rachel , Bismark Marie , Dunt David , Kelaher Margaret
Published: October 2017

Objective
The aim of the present study was to better understand senior medical directors’ perceptions of public reporting of hospital performance data, how public reporting affects institutional behavioural change towards quality improvement and how it could be improved.

Methods
Interviews were undertaken with 17 medical directors representing 26 metropolitan and regional public hospitals in Victoria, Australia, between June and August 2016. Data were analysed thematically.

Results
Medical directors are well placed to comment on clinical and administrative aspects of quality, safety and performance monitoring in public hospitals. Their responses largely suggested that public reporting of hospital performance data in Australia is immature and not fulfilling its potential. There was little consensus among informants around what public reporting is, who it is for or its purpose. Although public reporting was considered to have important functions for hospitals and consumers, it was generally considered to lack robustness and have underutilised potential to inform consumers, build trust and drive quality and performance improvements within hospitals.

Conclusions
The next steps needed to advance public reporting of hospital performance data in Australia include engaging clinicians and patients in selection and development of metrics, improving timeliness of reporting, and improving communication of information so that it is accessible and meaningful for different audiences.

What is known about the topic?
Public reporting of hospital performance data is a mechanism increasingly used in the Australian health system, but it has attracted little research.

What does this paper add?
This paper reveals a lack of shared understanding among medical directors in Victoria, Australia, on what public reporting of hospital performance data is, who it is for and its purpose. The paper highlights the potential importance of public reporting of hospital performance data for rural and regional healthcare consumers and how it may be strengthened.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Stronger systems of public reporting of hospital performance data have the potential to increase consumer engagement and improve hospital performance, quality and safety. Awareness of the discourse around public reporting of hospital performance data can increase practitioners’ engagement in debate and development of reporting systems.
Inhibition of DAI-dependent necroptosis by the Z-DNA binding domain of the vaccinia virus innate immune evasion protein, E3
Authors: Koehler Heather , Cotsmire Samantha , Langland Jeffrey , Kibler Karen V. , Kalman Daniel , Upton Jason W. , Mocarski Edward S. , Jacobs Bertram L.
Published: October 2017

Significance

The host interferon system is a potent antiviral system, responsible for protecting vertebrate organisms against virus infection. In this paper we demonstrate that the N terminus of the vaccinia virus innate immune evasion protein, E3, is necessary to inhibit the action of interferon. Interferon-treated cells infected with virus encoding an E3 deleted of the N-terminal domain die rapidly. This death is dependent on the host RIPK3 protein, which is a mediator of programmed necrotic death, and on DAI, which is a sensor of virus infection. Since both E3 and DAI contain Z-DNA binding domains, we hypothesize that the cellular DAI virus sensor and the viral antiinterferon E3 protein compete for binding to a vaccinia virus-induced Z-nucleic acid, pathogen-associated molecular pattern.