bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of using blended learning in achievements of grade 9 students in university related schools in the subject of “telawah” and “tajweed” and their motif towards learning these subjects
Authors: Mustafa Mahmoud Ahmad
Published: October 2020

This study was designed to investigate the effect of blended learning on the achievement of the ninth grade students in Telawah and Tajweed curriculum and in their motivation towards learning it. The study sample consisted of (38) students divided into two divisions (20 students in the "Experimental group" and 18 students in the "Control group"). To achieve the objectives of the study, the collection test was used after verifying its validity and reliability, and to treat the data statistically the (ANCOVA), mono-variance program was used and also the (T-test) of the independent samples of the motivation scale. The study found that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group on the post-achievement test and the motivation scale. Based on the results of this study, the researcher made recommendations, the most important of which are: Adopting the blended teaching method in the teaching of Islamic education, Telawah and Tajweed. And the inclusion of the concept of blended teaching in the curriculum of teaching techniques and teaching methods in curriculum development institutions and teachers.

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى استقصاء أثر التعلم المتمازج في تحصيل تلاميذ الصف التاسع الأساسي في مادة التلاوة والتجويد وفي دافعيتهم نحو تعلمها. تكونت عينة الدراسة من (38) طالباً موزعين على شعبتين، منهم (20) طالباً في المجموعة التجريبية، و(18) طالباً في المجموعة الضابطة. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، تم استخدام اختبار التحصيل بعد التأكد من صدقه وثباته، ولمعالجة البيانات إحصائيا تم استخدام برنامج تحليل التباين الأحادي (ANCOVA)، واختبار (ت) للعينات المستقلة لمقياس الدافعية، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً لصالح المجموعة التجريبية على الاختبار التحصيلي البعدي وعلى مقياس الدافعية. وبالاعتماد على نتائج هذه الدراسة فقد وضع الباحث توصيات من أهمها: تبني طريقة التعلم المتمازج في تدريس التربية الإسلامية والتلاوة والتجويد. وإدراج مفهوم التعليم المتمازج في مقرر تقنيات التعليم وطرائق التدريس في مؤسسات إعداد المناهج والمعلمين.
Developing an instructional unit from the national and civic education textbook in light of appreciative inquiry and measuring its impact on the improvement of students' achievement of the primary stage in Jordan
Authors: Ghazo Dana , Karasneh Samih
Published: October 2020

This study aims at investigating the impact of developing a model of an Appreciative inquiry in light of social structure in developing educational achievement for grade 9 female students in National and Civic Education textbook in Jordan during the second semester of the academic year 2016 – 2017. The study sample contains (59) female students from two classrooms, where the experimental group which consists of (29) students from one school is chosen due to measuring the impact of the developed unit. The control group that contains (30) female students from the same school is as well chosen. To achieve the purpose of the study, a unit from National and Civic Education textbook grade 9 has been also chosen through which steps of the estimated inquiry are provided. Achievement test for students has been designed that the scale is consisted of (37) items. The study findings show that there are differences in statistical significance of the achievement for female students attributed to the developed unit in light of the estimated survey in National and Civic Education Textbook. In conclusion, researchers recommend that developing the textbooks of National and Civic Education is necessary throughout the estimated inquiry steps.

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى استقصاء أثر تطوير أنموذج الاستقصاء التقديري في ضوء البنائية الاجتماعية في تنمية التحصيل لدى طلاب الصف التاسع لمبحث التربية الوطنية والمدنية في الأردن خلال الفصل الثاني 2016-2017، وتم اختيار الشعب بالتعيين العشوائي؛ إذ تكونت عينة الدراسة من شعبتين بلغ عدد الطالبات فيهما (59) طالبة؛ حيث تم اختيار مجموعة تجريبية بلغ عددها (29) طالبة من مدرسة واحدة من الإناث لقياس أثر الوحدة المطورة عليها، كما تم اختيار مجموعة ضابطة بلغ عددها (30) طالبة من نفس المدرسة، وتحقيقاً لهدف الدراسة تم اختيار وحدة دراسية من كتاب التربية الوطنية والمدنية للصف التاسع الأساسي، وتقديم خطوات أنموذج الاستقصاء التقديري من خلالها، وقد تم تصميم اختبار للتحصيل لدى الطالبات؛ إذ تكون الاختبار من (37) فقرة، وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية للتحصيل لدى الطالبات تعزى للوحدة المطورة في ضوء الاستقصاء التقديري في كتب التربية الوطنية والمدنية، وفي ضوء النتائج أوصى الباحثان بضرورة تطوير كتب التربية الوطنية والمدنية ضمن خطوات الاستقصاء التقديري.
Survival analysis of Indonesian banking companies
Authors: Kristanti Farida Titik
Published: October 2020

Objective – Financial distress is an undesirable condition for any company. To avoid financial distress, and improve the overall financial status of a company, an understanding of the factors affecting financial distress is necessary. This research aims to identify the determinants of banking financial distress.
Methodology/Technique – In this study, 41 banks comprised the sample, selected using purposive sampling. The survival cox proportional hazard analysis method to identify the determinant factors of survival of Indonesian Banks.
Findings –The results show that that macro indicators (inflation and economic growth) have a significant effect on the banks’ financial distress. This implies that the government as a regulator must maintain the level of growth and inflation that stabilizes the economy so that banks can avoid financial distress. As for the banks’ management, they have an obligation to support government policies in maintaining growth and inflation.
Novelty – The study uses the cox proportional hazard model.
Type of Paper: Empirical.
JEL Classification: G2O, G33.
Keywords: Bank; Cox Model; Financial Distress; Survival Analysis.
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kristanti, F.T. 2020. Survival analysis of Indonesian banking companies, J. Fin. Bank. Review, 5 (2): 39 – 47 https://doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2020.5.2(1)
Totalitaryzm jako kategoria poznawcza w naukach o polityce
Authors: Ziemer Klaus
Published: October 2020

The article aims to analyse the development of the concept of totalitarianism in political sciences. The author puts an emphasis on international debates on totalitarianism. He also tracks the history of this concept, beginning with the nineteen twenties, in the context of Benito Mussolini’s rule in Italy and continuing with the legal perception of the term in Germany and Poland throughout the nineteen thirties, when the discourse moved to the US. It was in the last of those countries where the first conference on totalitarianism was organised. Pointing to the manner in which the concept of totalitarianism is used with regard to communism and Nazism also constitutes an important thread in the article.
Niemiecka droga do demokracji i gospodarki rynkowej jako przykład dla państw Europy Wschodniej
Authors: Dahl Martin
Published: October 2020

The German experience with democracy and the market economy can be particularly valuable for other European countries for at least two reasons. Firstly, after World War II, the Germans effectively and permanently managed to enter the democratic political system based on the market economy. Initially, the economy was implemented only in the western part of the country and since 1990 all over the country. Secondly, after the collapse of the former Soviet bloc, Central European countries greatly benefited from German political solutions. This means that in favourable conditions, these experiences can be a valuable source of inspiration for other countries, especially those in Eastern Europe.This study is a result of research conducted in 2016 as part of the project ‘Germany and Russia in a multipolar international order. Strategic vision and potential alliances’ with the support of the Foundation for Polish-German Cooperation. It consists of four parts. Part I is an introduction to the issues analysed. Part II shows the genesis and characteristics of the democratic political system of Germany. Part III contains an analysis of the German experience with the implementation of the market economy. In Part IV, the author presents his conclusions of how and to what extent Eastern European countries can use the German experience in reforming their political systems and what conditions they would have to meet.
Republika Federalna Niemiec w polityce zagranicznej Polski w okresie rządów Prawa i Sprawiedliwości
Authors: Chojan Adrian
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study is to analyse Polish-German relations during the periods of the rule of the Law and Justice party (from 2005 to 2007 and from 2015 until now), and to indicate the key elements of continuity and changes in Poland’s foreign policy towards its western neighbour. The main thesis is the conclusion that the Federal Republic of Germany is an example of the dominant state in the political thought of the Law and Justice party. It is part of the concept of the so-called external enemy against which a determined and consistent foreign policy must be pursued.
Identifying Loyalty and Citizenship Values from the 17th Jordanian Parliament Members’ Perspective
Authors: Alrababah Fadi
Published: October 2020

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على محددات قيم الولاء والمواطنة من وجهة نظر أعضاء مجلس النواب الأردني السابع عشر، وذلك عن طريق الإجابة عن سؤال الدراسة الرئيس وهو: ما محددات قيم الولاء والمواطنة الصالحة من وجهة نظر أعضاء مجلس النواب الأردني السابع عشر؟ حيث تكونت عينة الدراسة من (43) نائباً، وتم بناء أداة للدراسة (استبانة) مكونة من (94) فقرة، وأظهرت النتائج أن (83) فقرة من فقرات أداة الدراسة كانت درجتها ضمن دور (كبيرة) و (6) فقرات ضمن دور (متوسطة) و (5) فقرات ضمن دور (متدنية)، كما أظهرت الدراسة عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05=ɑ) تعزى لمتغيرات الدراسة المستقلة وهي (الجنس، المؤهل العلمي، صفة التمثيل، الانتماء الحزبي).
Prevailing Social Relations between Teachers of Physical Education and Students at Southern Al-Mazar Schools 2017
Authors: Aljazzazi Saleem
Published: October 2020

هدفت هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى العلاقات الاجتماعية السائدة بين مدرسي التربية الرياضية والطلبة في مدارس تربية المزار الجنوبي، تكونت عينة الدراسة من (618) طالبا وطالبة (327 ذكور، 291 إناث) واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي بأسلوب الدراسات المسحية نظرا لملاءمته طبيعة هذه الدراسة وأهدافها، ولتحليل النتائج إحصائيا تم استخدام: المتوسطات الحسابية، الانحرافات المعيارية، الأهمية النسبية، تحليل التباين (ANOVA)، واختبار شافيه، وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود علاقات اجتماعية مرتفعة إيجابية بين مدرسي التربية الرياضية والطلبة في مدارس تربية المزار الجنوبي، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في علاقات مدرسي التربية الرياضية مع الطلبة تبعاً لمتغير الجنس، ووجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تبعا لمتغير المعدل ولصالح المعدل (جيد فما دون) والدخل الشهري للأسرة، ولصالح الدخل (أقل من 300 دينار)، وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى أن معلم التربية الرياضية في المدارس المزار الجنوبي يتمتع بمستوى مميز من العلاقات الاجتماعية مع الطلبة. وأوصت الدراسة ضرورة الإفادة من معلم التربية الرياضية الذي يتمتع بعلاقات مميزة مع الطلبة في تنفيذ خطط وبرامج تسهم في تطوير المستوى التعليمي في لواء المزار الجنوبي.
The Effect of Linguistic Games on Improving Linguistic Communication Skills of Kindergartens in Jordan
Authors: Al Mwadiah Rada
Published: October 2020

هدفت الدراسة معرفة أثر الألعاب اللغوية في تحسين مهارات التواصل اللغوي لمرحلة رياض الأطفال في الأردن، واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج شبه التجريبي، وتكونت أفراد الدراسة من (35) طفلاً من مرحلة رياض الأطفال، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم إعداد اختبار مهارات التواصل اللغوي، وكشفت نتائج الدراسة أن الألعاب اللغوية لها أثر دال إحصائيا في مهارات التواصل اللغوي ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية، وتوصي الدراسة بضرورة تصميم الألعاب اللغوية لتدريس موضوعات مختارة لمنهاج رياض الأطفال، وتدريب معلمات رياض الأطفال على كيفية توظيفها في التدريس.
Features of Subjectivity and Selectivity of Al-Anbari Approach in his Book “Al-lnsaf”
Authors: Abu Fanoon Mohammad
Published: October 2020

لقد حيّرني كتابُ الإنصاف؛ لِما فيه من مادّة علميّة قيّمة لا تكادُ توجد في كتابٍ آخر؛ ولأنه جمع تفصيلاً لأغلبِ مسائلِ الخلاف بينَ البصريّينَ والكوفيّين، وزاد في حيرتي إبداعُ أبي البركات الأنباري في تَتَبّع هذه المسائل مُدعّمَة بالأصول النّحويّة لكلا الطّرفين، وهو المبدعُ والمُثْبِتُ للأصول في كتابيه: الإغراب في جدل الإعراب، ولمع الأدلة في أصول النحو بعد تأليفه للإنصاف، لكنْ، برزت ملامحُ الذّاتيّةِ في الإنصاف لتدلَ على مذهبه النّحويّ في تأييده للبصريّين في الغالبية العظمى من مسائل الخلاف، وفي موقفه من القراءات القرآنية، وقد ناقشت ذلك في المبحث الأول المعنون ب (المذهب والذاتية)، وظهرت الانتقائية في إهمالِ الإجماعِ كأصلٍ نحويٍّ على الرغم من إيراده بكثرة في الإنصاف، وهذا ما أفردت له المبحث الثاني، وناقشت في المبحث الثالث قضية منع الاحتجاج بالشاهد الشعري المجهول القائل، ولإثبات هذهِ الملامح، اتّبعت المنهجية الوصفية التحليلية في المباحث جميعها، وهذه الملامحُ لا تقلّلُ من إبداعهِ وَعِلْمِهِ، لكن، تطرح تساؤلاتٍ للبحث والمناقشة.
The Criminal and Civil Liability of HIV/AIDS Patient for Transmitting the Disease
Authors: Hejazi Saleh , Mofleh Yusuf
Published: October 2020

يعتبر مرض الإيدز مرض العصر الفتاك، ولقد تناول المشرع الجزائي الأردني نقل مرض الايدز إلى الغير بصورة عرضية، بمناسبة تحديد الظروف المشددة في الجرائم المخلة بالآداب العامة، حيث عاقب بالأشغال المؤبدة في حال إصابة الضحية بالمرض، إلا أنه لم يقرر المسؤولية عن نقل المرض بصورة مستقلة، وإنما بمعرض ارتكاب جرائم العرض، وقد جاء هذا البحث لبيان أوجه القوة والضعف في التشريع الأردني، ومعالجة أوجه النقص التشريعي بما يحمي حياة الأفراد من هذا المرض الفتاك، ولبيان المسؤولية الجزائية والمدنية المترتبة على نقل المرض من قبل المصاب للغير، وقد توصلنا في الختام إلى جملة من النتائج والتوصيات، أهمها ضرورة تعديل قانون العقوبات الأردني وقانون الصحة العامة، بحيث يتم تجريم نقل هذا المرض الفتاك قصداً أو خطأً، وكذلك المساواة في العقاب على الخطأ بين الوفاة ومجرد الاصابة. وقد قسمنا هذا البحث إلى ثلاثة مباحث، المبحث الأول لبيان مرض الإيدز، والمبحث الثاني للمسؤولية الجزائية عن نقل مرض الإيدز، والمبحث الثالث للمسؤولية المدنية عن نقل مرض الإيدز.
Retribución, inculpación y ¿perfeccionismo moral?
Authors: Beade Gustavo A.
Published: October 2020

Carlos S. Nino presentó en sus últimos trabajos una defensa de su teoría del castigo que incluía una profunda crítica al retribucionismo. Según su posición, si adoptáramos una teoría retribucionista del castigo, estaríamos asumiendo una versión del subjetivismo penal que abraza el perfeccionismo moral. Nino presenta esta idea sugiriendo que hay un vínculo estrecho entre el retribucionismo, el subjetivismo y el perfeccionismo. En este trabajo, voy a discutir esa relación y criticar el nexo que Nino cree que existe entre ellos.
Carlos Nino y la titularidad del derecho a un ambiente sano
Authors: Saulino María Florencia
Published: October 2020

La mayoría de los derechos reconocidos tanto a nivel constitucional como en el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos están destinados a la protección de bienes privados. A diferencia de ellos, el derecho al ambiente sano asegura a los individuos el disfrute de un bien público. Las características propias de los bienes públicos generan profundos problemas de arquitectura jurídica para un sistema de derechos fundamentales que históricamente fue concebido para la protección de bienes privados y han dado lugar a discusiones sobre la titularidad de este derecho. Este trabajo analiza la posición de Carlos S. Nino a favor de considerar el derecho a un ambiente sano como derecho colectivo y señala los problemas que esta postura genera para el ejercicio y contenido del derecho.
THERMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE TONSILLITIS AND EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC TONSILLITIS
Authors: Andreychyn Mykhaylo A. , Kopcha Vasyl S. , Klymnyuk Serhiy I. , Andreichyn Iuriy M. , Kopcha Yuliya V. , Halamba Andriana A.
Published: October 2020

The aim: To elaborate the thermosemiotics of acute and chronic tonsillitis during exacerbation.
Materials and methods: 48 patients with acute tonsillitis and 19 patients with chronic tonsillitis were examined during disease exacerbation. Thermographic examination
was carried out by the medical thermometer TI-120. Statistical processing of data was carried out with computer program “Microsoft Excel” and “Statistica for Windows” v. 6.0,
StatSoft Inc. (USA).
Results: Symmetry, homogeneity and isotherm are normal thermographic features of the skin. Presence of hyperthermia in carotid triangle, on the palms were revealed in
patients with acute tonsillitis. In chronic tonsillitis in the stage of exacerbation, a moderate overall «warming up» of the neck and projections of the submandibular lymph
nodes was also observed. The average temperature indices of the knee joints were statistically significantly higher than the corresponding values in healthy people °C (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Only in patients with acute tonsillitis clear strong positive correlation between the temperature of half of the submandibular area and warming in the center of the palm – r = 0.812 ... 0.859 (P<0.01) and in the middle of the tenar on the corresponding side – r = 0.790 ... 0.827 (P<0.01) was observed. Only in the case of chronic tonsillitis, in the stage of exacerbation, the temperature difference over the knees and the lower part of the femur is always greater than 0.5 ºC.
Risk of Depression in Adolescents and Young Adults
with Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Kostiukow Anna , Strzelecki Wojciech , Romanowski Mateusz W. , Rosołek Marta , Mojs Ewa , Samborski Włodzimierz
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The study is aimed at drawing the attention of the medical environment to the mental health aspects of young patients as a factor that significantly influences the efficiency of their rheumatic disease treatment.
Aim: This paper is to check the risk of depression among a group of adolescents and young adults with rheumatic diseases.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted among a group of 68 late adolescents and young adults (18-22 years old) with rheumatic diseases. The control group consisted of 102 young people (18-22 years old) without a diagnosed chronic disease. Risk of depression was measured using a screening tool – the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS).
Results: The analysis showed that the probability of depression in the study group was 35.3%. In the control group, this rate was 19.6%. The results were statistical significance (p=0.028).
Conclusions: The results of this study prove that the risk of depression among adolescents and young adults with rheumatic diseases is significantly higher than in healthy young people. The highest risk of depression is related to feeling tired, fatigue, low energy levels and lack of motivation as well as feeling worried, nervous, panicky, tense, keyed-up and anxious.
Comparison of Results of Local Cryotherapy Obtained with the use
of Medical Devices and with the use of Ice in Patients After
Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in the Context
of guaranteed Healthcare Services
Authors: Bednarski Piotr , Kiwerski Jerzy E.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The development of innovative medical technologies is associated with the need to evaluate the procedures included in the guaranteed service basket, with particular emphasis on assessing currently available medical procedures in terms of their clinical effectiveness. The paper constitutes a critical review of literature by comparing the results of studies found as a result of a search in four online databases.
Aim: The main purpose of this paper is to compare the clinical effectiveness of two cryotherapy methods: medical devices and ice treatments in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Material and Methods: The scientific reports were reviewed through the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and PEDro databases, in accordance with the designed search strategy using the following keywords: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Cryostimulation, Cryotherapy, Cold Therapy, Cold Stimulation.
Results: As a result of the search, a total of 170 publications were found, of which 4 studies were included in the analysis. Statistically significant therapy outcomes in the context of analgesia with a predominance of medical devices were obtained in two of four studies. However, in the context of anti-edema action only in one of the two studies, the statistically significant result was higher in the group of patients who used the medical device with simultaneous compression.
Conclusions: 1. The results of the trials suggest that devices utilizing cryocompression have the highest efficiency in the case of analgesic and anti-edema action after arthroscopic reconstruction of ACL and are positively received by patients who use this form therapy. However, the results of randomized trials are not sufficient to draw definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of this form of therapy. 2. The need to amend the provisions of the relevant legal acts regulating the conditions for the provision of services and determining the criteria for the selection of offers in the procedure regarding the conclusion of contracts for the provision of medical services. 3. The need to using a uniform terminology regarding the name of the treatments utilizing low temperatures. 4. The need to conduct large multicentre randomized clinical trials with standardized intervention.
Assessment of the Therapeutic Effect of Physiotherapy
on Minimizing Imbalances of Geriatric Patients
Authors: Pawlak Justyna , Dudkiewicz Małgorzata , Kikowski Łukasz
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The progressing aging process and comorbidities worsen the efficiency of the balance system in the elderly, which leads to a weakening of stability and, as a consequence, to falls and injuries. The first ones lead to: worsening of functioning, reduced mobility, an increased risk of disease and mortality, therefore systematic physical activity and shaping the balance using physiotherapy, which can prevent dangerous falls is very important.
Aim: Assessment of the therapeutic effect of physiotherapy on minimizing imbalances in geriatric patients.
M
aterial and Methods: The study group consisted of 46 people, including 32 women (69.6%) and 14 men (30.4%); average age of respondents – 72.5 years. They were patients of the Department of Rehabilitation of Poddębice Health Center, Ltd. The researchers used a self-made questionnaire, body mass to height index (BMI) and the Tinetti Test.
Results: Patients with an elevated BMI (89.1%), as well as those taking more than 4 medication (78.3%), have had more falls over the past year (respectively 91.4% and 81.4%). After the use of comprehensive therapy, none of the patients achieved a worse result than before the physiotherapy while 91.3% of the respondents had an increase in the number of points scored in the Tinetti Test. The percentage of patients at high risk of falling reduced from 67.4% to 37%. There was also a decrease in the fear of walking (in 58.7%), falling (in 57.7%) and climbing stairs (in 47.9%). According to 78.3% of respondents, physiotherapy positively affected their independence and quality of life.
Conclusions: The use of comprehensive physiotherapy reduces the fear of walking, climbing stairs and falling, which can be a good predictor of prevention. Both polypragmasia and an elevated body mass index (BMI) increase the risk of falling. Comprehensive physiotherapy of geriatric patients helps to improve balance and gait stereotype. Physiotherapy for the elderly helps improve the quality of life, independence, minimize imbalances, and thus reduce the risk of falls. Balance exercises play an important role in preventing falls.
The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Development of Obesity
Authors: Pacholczyk Marta , Dzwonkowska Ewelina , Ferenc Tomasz
Published: October 2020

Obesity is an important medical and civilization problem due to health consequences and increasing incidence. The development of obesity is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Despite intensive research the results of which allowed to identify genetic variants predisposing to the development of obesity, the knowledge about the genetic basis of this metabolic disease still remains incomplete. Furthermore, the contribution of single polymorphic gene variants to shaping the obesity phenotype is minimal and accounts for a small part of body weight variability. The need for further research in the field of obesity etiology has increased the interest in the role of epigenetics as a mediator of gene-environment interactions, underlying the development of obesity and related comorbidities. Epigenetics deals with changes in gene expression that are not related to changes of the nucleotide sequence in DNA. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, post-translational modifications of histone proteins and synthesis of non-coding microRNA (miRNA).
There is growing evidence indicating that environmental exposures (among others the influence of nutrients) in prenatal and early postnatal development may induce permanent changes in the epigenome, predisposing to an increased risk of obesity in later life. Epigenome-Wide Association Study (EWAS) allowed to indicate differences in the methylation pattern of genes in obese people compared to healthy subjects with normal body weight as well as to identify the first epigenetic markers of obesity in humans. EWAS also allowed to recognize epigenetic changes under the influence of nutrients, during weight loss and occurring during exercise interventions. Significant progress in epigenetic studies on the causes of obesity will allow to predict the risk for this metabolic disease already at a young age and it gives the possibility of introducing targeted prevention strategies.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Post-thrombotic Syndrome;
Approach to Management and Health Resort Treatment
Authors: Stadnicki Antoni , Stadnicka Izabela , Szczerba Michał , Nghargbu K’tso
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Post- thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is the most common complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and develops in 20–50% of patients after a proximal DVT. Balneotherapy and hydrotherapy is justified in treatment of primary or post-thrombotic chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).
M
aterial: A review of articles was done in electronic databases Pubmed and Medline by keywords: postthrombotic syndrome, chronic venous insufficiency in conjunction with balneotherapy, hydrotherapy, kinesitherapy, coagulation.
Results: Main risk of PST is considered as extensive proximal character of DVT, pre-existing CVI, older age, high body mass index, pre-existent varicosities. PTS refers to clinical manifestations of CVI, and is common cause of unilateral CVI. The thrombus itself may lead to venous valves destruction and reflux. The Villalta PTS scale may define and classify the severity of PTS Venous leg ulcers is the most advanced clinical manifestation of the disease. Prevention of PTS begins with prevention of initial and recurrent DVT includes use of compression stockings and anticoagulant medications. Treatment guidelines recommend anticoagulant therapy - five days with heparin followed by three months of oral anticoagulant after acute event, with subsequent long-term of extended therapy depending on patient’s risk of recurrence. Recent clinical trials indicate that the use of new anticoagulants (NOAS) reduces the incidence of PTS. Ultrasound compression test of the leg veins evaluates the degree of obstruction by clots. Medical therapy of CVI has still not efficient. Carbon dioxide baths and ozone baths have favorably affect hemostasis system. However there are only a few controlled studies evaluating effects of balneotherapy in primary and post-thrombotic CVI. The favorable effect of these mineral baths may result from both hydrostatic effects as well as the contribution with specific chemico-physical properties. The controlled trials (in patients with C3 -C5 stage) shown that balneohydrotherapy and kinesitherapy have decreased signs and symptoms in patients with primary and post - thrombotic CVI.
Conclusions: The Health Resort treatment of patients with CVI in the mechanism of post-thrombotic syndrome should be preceded by evaluation of the venous system of the lower limb by compression ultrasound. Balneotherapy and hydroteraphy seem to be effective and safe procedures even in patients with advanced primary and post-thrombotic CVI stage.
Physical Activity in Women with Breast Cancer
and Those After Mastectomy
Authors: Gierszon Patrycja , Stachura Agata , Paziewska Magdalena , Samardakiewicz Marzena , Furtak-Niczyporuk Marzena
Published: October 2020

Mammary gland cancer, commonly known as breast cancer, is the most common malignancy in women in Poland. The occurrence of the disease and its treatment are associated with a decrease in physical fitness and endurance of the body, and also make it difficult to meet basic life needs and result in a deterioration in the quality of life. The aim of the study is to present physical activity in women with breast cancer and after mastectomy. Analysis of professional literature and available research results in patients undergoing oncological therapy in the treatment of breast cancer indicates the need for them to undertake physical activity and physiotherapy in order to minimize the effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and mastectomy. Analysis of studies in terms of the impact of physical activity on the rehabilitation and recovery of patients with breast cancer showed a significant impact of physical fitness on bone mineral density as the most important factor in the development and maintenance of normal bone metabolism. Physical exercises have also been shown to have a positive effect on patients during and after treatment. Regular physical exercise in women treated for cancer is essential and has a significant impact on reducing muscle deficits and the entire skeletal system.
DIAGNOSES MADE BY LEADERS OF EMERGENCY MEDICA L
SERVICES TEAMS WITHIN THE OPERAT ION AREA
OF THE EMERGENCY MEDICA L SERVICES STAT ION IN MINSK
MAZOWIECKI IN 2013-2017
Authors: Mitura Krzysztof , Łaziuk Beata , Celiński Daniel , Hawrylewicz-Łuka Agnieszka , Szpakowski Leszek , Pilip Sławomir , Nadolny Klaudiusz , Gałązkowski Robert , Szajda Sławomir Dariusz , Świniarski Paweł
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The activities of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Station in Minsk Mazowiecki are based on the
provision of medical aid to persons in a state of emergency.
The aim: Analysis of interventions of EMS teams operating in the structure of the EMS Station in Minsk Mazowiecki,
including diagnoses made by team leaders based on the International Classification of Diseases.
Material and methods: The study was retrospective. The analysis covered 39,027 dispatches of EMS teams in Minsk
Mazowiecki in the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017. The study was conducted on the basis of medical
data collected in SP ZOZ RM-MEDITRANS computer systems in Siedlce.
Results: The results indicated an increase in the number of interventions performed by EMS teams working in the
EMS Station in Minsk Mazowiecki (by 30.80%) in the period from 2013 to 2017. In that period, interventions in code 2
(69.12%) dominated. The EMS teams reached the event site much faster in code 1 than in code 2. The mean time needed
to reach the event site was noticeable. Most interventions took place in the patient’s home (73.14%). The leaders of
EMS teams made diagnoses mainly on the basis of a group of ICD-10 codes regarding symptoms and disease features
(37.39%), followed by injuries, poisoning, external factors (20.58%) and cardiovascular diseases (15.64%). Of all interventions,
68.60% of patients were transported to hospitals, and 23.97% remained at the place of call.
Conclusions: The analysis of interventions of EMS teams in Minsk Mazowiecki indicated an increase in the society’s
demand for services in the field of EMS, while the optimization of their use and verification of the legitimacy of their
interventions is warranted. In addition, EMS team leaders made diagnoses mainly on the basis of a group of ICD-10 codes
regarding symptoms and disease features.
EVA LUAT ION OF SELECTE D ITEMS OF EMERGENCY MEDICA L
SYSTEM IN POLAND BY PRACT ITIONERS
Authors: Kaniecka Ewa , Timler Małgorzata , Białas Monika , Rybarczyk-Szwajkowska Anna , Dudek Michał , Timler Wojciech , Białas Agata , Timler Dariusz
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The State Emergency Medical System (PRM) exists to provide assistance to every person in state of sudden
threat to their health or life, operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, all year round. The units of the system are
hospital emergency departments (SOR) and emergency medical teams, including aviation emergency medical teams.
The obvious purpose of the PRM System, which is to save life of human, as any complex activity, is sometimes put to
the proof. Appearing and publicised by media cases of late medical attention, calls ignored by a dispatcher or sending
emergency medical teams from hospital to hospital seriously undermine the reputation of healthcare service in Poland.
The aim: Evaluation of organization of the PRM System in Poland by practitioners – medical staff of Hospital Emergency
Departments, ambulance personnel and medical students.
Material and methods: The material included a group of 138 interviewees from 768 participants of the 11th Emergency
Medicine Conference Kopernik 2018. The research tool was the author’s survey consisting of 12 thematic questions,
including one open question, and the part collecting sociodemographic data. The collected empirical material was given
descriptive and statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel. The results were presented by calculating the arithmetic mean,
median, dominant, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and% of responses respectively.
Results: In the majority of respondents’ opinion the organization of the PRM system in Poland is average. The vast
majority of respondents (64%) consider the two-people “P” teams to be insufficient. Problems the most often reported
by the respondents were lack/or insufficient number of trainings, underfunding of the system, large salaries disparities,
shortages of staff, hampered cooperation with other services.
Conclusions: The analysis of selected items of the organization of the State Emergency Medical Service in Poland in
opinion of practitioners points out the need to implement organizational changes which could improve the system.
Primary care work organization during
coronavirus disease pandemic from family
doctor perspective
Authors: Timler Małgorzata , Timler Wojciech
Published: October 2020

COVID-19, the disease caused by coronavirus SARS CoV-2, is the newest and the best known disease, which changed our
reality in just a few weeks. It caused many changes in healthsystem. The purpose of the work was to collect and systematize
the changes in primary healthcare facilities before the peak of the COVID-19 disease in Poland from the perspective
of the doctor running one of these facilities.
DEVELOPMENT OF MOTIVATION TOWARDS EDUCATION IN MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Morokhovets Halyna Yu. , Uvarkina Olena V. , Bieliaieva Olena M. , Lysanets Yuliia V. , Senkevych Hennadii A. , Stetsenko Serhii A.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The quality of professional medical training is a relevant issue for clinical and educational setting due to modernization and reform processes at the present stage
of the society’s development. The formation of the future doctors’ interest in professional activities mostly depends on the implementation of pedagogical conditions, aimed at
developing the positive motivation towards education.
The aim: The authors aim to examine the concept of motivation and define its role in the process of professional training of future doctors.
Materials and methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted for students of the first year of study (medical and dental faculties) using the methods of studying the
profession’s attractiveness and its factors (by V. Yadov, modification by I. Kuzmina, A. Rean) and studying the orientation towards the acquisition of knowledge via the test by
E. Ilyin and N. Kurdyakova.
Results: Based on the analysis of literary sources, the main factors that influence the interest of students in education were identified and the pedagogical conditions for the
formation of positive motivation for training activity in the educational setting of a higher medical educational institution were highlighted. It was found that most students
prefer social motives when choosing a profession, and almost 10% of the subjects show a low level of focus on learning in the process of education. The authors provided practical
recommendations on the formation of positive motivation for students’ training when studying humanities at a medical university with the help of multimedia teaching materials,
inclusion of students in the self-directed research activity, etc.
Conclusions: On the basis of generalized experience of educators and psychologists, as well as our own studies, we consider that the following pedagogical conditions form
the positive motivation towards education in medical students of the first year of study: effective use of modern multimedia specialized tools (electronic journals, specialized
web-sites); students’ engagement in the self-directed research activity; use of modern specialized software for solving professional tasks. Such techniques enable the integration
of knowledge, skills and abilities in several subjects, prepare students for academic subjects in the second year of study and maximally approximate the training objectives to
future professional activities
TREATMENT OF LACTASE DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN’S OBESITY WITH GENOTYPE C/C 13910 OF LACTASE GENE
Authors: Abaturov Alexandr Ye. , Stepanov Yuri M. , Nikulina Anna A.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Excess lactose in the diet of modern man causes the development of not only lactase deficiency, but it can be a factor that contributes to obesity.
The aim: To study associations between obesity and genotype C/C 13910 of lactase gene (LCT) in children, to investigate the effectiveness of treatment using drug exogenous
lactase and a low-lactose diet.
Materials and methods: genotyping of lactase gene by real-time polymerase chain reaction, determining the level of lactose maldigestion by hydrogen breath test (HBT),
estimating the insulin resistance with the HOMA-IR index in 70 obese children and 40 healthy children 6 - 18 years. Obese children with genotype C/C 13910 and lactose
maldigestion (n=40) were randomized in two groups: children from group I (n=20) received an exogenous lactase preparation, and children from group II (n=20) - low-lactose diet.
Results: in obese children, the genotype C/C 13910 is 2 times more often than in healthy children. Obese children with genotype C/C 13910 have a significantly higher value
of HBT (32.8–39.8 ppm) compared to healthy children (p<0.05), and an increased value of the HOMA-IR index. After treatment, there was a significant decrease in HBT and
the HOMA-IR index in the two comparison groups.
Conclusions: signs of insulin resistance are observed in children with obesity, genotype C/C 13910 and lactose maldigestion. The use of exogenous lactase in the therapy or the
administration of a low-lactose diet cause approximately the same decrease in the HOMA-IR index.
ORGANIZATION OF UROLOGICAL CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH IATROGENIC URETERAL INJURY
Authors: Shchukin Dmytro V. , Demchenko Vladislav M. , Lisova Ganna V. , Bielievtsova Iana S.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: We conducted a retrospective assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in patients with iatrogenic ureteral injury, who were treated in a specialized
medical center.
The aim: The aim of the research was to determine the optimal treatment method for correction of iatrogenic ureteral defects.
Materials and methods: The study included 73 patients with iatrogenic ureteral injury. In 70 cases ureteral reconstruction was carried out with the help of Boari bladder flap.
The effectiveness of this approach was assessed retrospectively by analysis of the complications and long-term results of the treatment.
Results: The length of the bladder flap varied from 3 to 21 cm and averaged 9.8 ± 1.4 cm. In 6 (8.2%) cases a successful reconstructive surgery of the ureter up to the level of
its upper third was performed. The overall frequency of intraoperative complications did not exceed 12.9%. The total frequency of early postoperative complications was high
(75.8%), however, they were not severe and required surgical correction only in one (1.4%) case. The total number of positive long-term results (good + satisfactory) amounted
to 91.5%. Nephrectomy was required only in 2 (2.3%) cases.
Conclusions: The Boari bladder flap operation should be considered as the basis of the algorithm for providing medical care to patients with iatrogenic ureteral injury. This type
of surgery makes it possible to completely replace the damaged or having doubtful blood supply portion of the ureter even with the defects extending to its upper third. The
main advantages of this surgery technique are good blood supply of tubularized bladder flap and a high level of positive long-term results.
MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
AND THEIR SOLUTION BASED ON THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF
MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS
Authors: Saturska Hanna , Shulhai Аrkadii , Levchuk Rostyslav , Potikha Nataliya , Usynskyi Ruslan
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular diseases have been attracting considerable attention in recent decades. This is partly due to the fact that
myocardial fibrosis is the major consequence of the most nosological units of cardiovascular diseases. We believe that early pathogenic therapy of myocardial fibrosis should
be taken into consideration as a solution to this issue. The change of the connective tissue metabolism in myocardium is the central chain in pathogenesis of diffuse ischemic
necrotic cardiosclerosis (DINC) occurs after repeated epinephrine injury of myocardial tissues.
The aim: The present study establishes that use of metabolic therapy by trimetazidine (TM) has a protective effect on myocardium repeatedly damaged by epinephrine in hight
concentration during the development of DINC in rats with different resistance to hypoxia.
Materials and methods: Using the method of hypobaric hypoxia, male albino rats were divided into three groups due to their different resistance to hypoxia. Each group was
divided into four equal subgroups: control group, DINC group (2 times repeated injections of epinephrine hydrotartrate (0,5 mg/kg body weight) and calcium gluconate (5 mg/
kg body weight), control group introdused with trimetazidine dihydrochloride (10 mg/kg body weight), DINC treated with TM group (2 times repeated injections of epinephrine
hydrotartrate (0,5 mg/kg body weight) and calcium gluconate (5 mg/kg body weight) group introduced with TM (10 mg/kg body weight) for all period of observation. The
concentration of protein-bound oxyproline in homogenate of myocardium was determined at 7, 14 and 30 days after the modelling pathology and the histological examination
of Masson trichrome staining of myocardium was performed.
Results: Experimental modeling of DINC increased the concentration of protein-bound oxyproline in homogenate of myocardium at 7, 14 and 30 days after the modelling
pathology, as well as accompanied by metabolic imbalances in diffuse connective tissue elements, which are rich in collagens. Experimental modeling of DINC+TM increased
the concentration of protein-bound oxyproline in blood serum significantly less intensive.
Conclusions: The intensity of metabolic imbalances in diffuse connective tissue elements of myocardium is the highest in the low resistant animals to hypoxia. Those results are
confirmed by histological examination of the myocardium of rats with different resistance to hypoxia. Fibrotic regions in myocardium are rich in collagens. It has been revealed
that the most pronounced therapeutic effect of TM is observed in animals with low resistance to hypoxia, slightly less – in animals with medium resistance to hypoxia, and the
lowest – in animals with high resistance to hypoxia.
IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND NONPSYCHOTIC MENTAL DISORDERS
Authors: Savka Svitlana
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Somatic pathology of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) combined with nonpsychotic mental disorders (NMD) leads to deterioration in the quality of life.
The aim: We aimed to examine the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and nonpsychotic mental disorders.
Materials and methods: We formed two clinical groups of observation of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and nonpsychotic mental disorders. First group (GA) included
participants with duration of RA for 1-5 years, second group (GB) included those with duration of RA for 5-10 years. For assessment we used the Hamilton Rating Scale for
Depression (HRSD), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRSA) and the Quality of Life Index developed by J.E. Mezzich (QLI). All patients received basic treatment, as well as
antidepressants, anxiolytics, vitamin therapy and psychotherapy, depending on the form of nonpsychotic mental disorders.
Results: Study of the life quality showed that for the examined patients the quality of life was significantly lower in comparison with the control group. Mainly, for GA partners the overall assessment
of life quality after treatment improved by 12,1% and the positive effect was probable. The greatest positive changes for the first group included increasing of physical well-being points by 2,5 and
psychological/emotional well-being – by 2,1 points(p<0,05). Mainly, for GB patients overall quality of life improved by 14,9%. Major positive changes were identified in psychological/emotional
well-being - 2,93 points, physical well-being by 2,47 points, self-care and independent functioning by 2,09 points, and disability which increased by 2,06 points (p <0,05)
Conclusions: The patients with rheumatoid arthritis and nonpsychotic mental disorders have a significant decline in quality of life based on all indicators. The general assessment
of the life quality of the first basic clinical group surveyed was 62,2 ± 1,33, while for the second basic clinical group surveyed – 57,0 ± 1,47. The increase in the duration of the
RA disease significantly weakens the general working capacity by 0,83 points p<0,05, self-service and independence of the patients by 0,80 points, p<0,05, psychological and
emotional well-being by 0,75 points, p<0,05, interpersonal interaction at 0,91 points, p<0,05.The overall quality of life of the patients with duration of RA for 1-5 years and
NMD after treatment was 74,1% ± 0,93, for the patients with duration of RA for 5-10 years and NMD after treatment was 71,9% ± 1,20 (p <0,05).