bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Small Deviations in Fiber Orientation on Compressive Characteristics of Plain Concrete Cylinders Confined with FRP Laminates
Authors: Banaeipour Ali , Tavakkolizadeh Mohammadreza , Akbar Muhammad , Hussain Zahoor , Ostrowski Krzysztof Adam , Bahadori Alireza , Spyrka Mariusz
Published: December 2022

The effectiveness of concrete confinement by fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials is highly influenced by the orientation of fibers in the FRP laminates. In general, acceptable deviation limit from the intended direction is given as 5° in most design guidelines, without solid bases and reasoning. In this paper, a numerical study using finite element modeling was conducted to assess the effects of small deviations in fiber orientation from the hoop direction on compressive behavior of concrete cylinders confined with FRP. Different fiber angles of 0°, 2°, 5°, 8°, 10° and 15° with respect to hoop direction, unconfined concrete compressive strengths of 20, 35 and 50 MPa, FRP thicknesses of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mm and FRP moduli of elasticity of 50 and 200 GPa were considered. The results showed that total dissipated energy (Et), ultimate axial strain (εcu′) and compressive strength (fcu′) exhibited the most reduction with deviation angle. For 5° deviation in fiber orientation, the average reduction in fcu′, εcu′ and Et were 2.4%, 2.8% and 4.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated allowable limit of deviation in fiber orientation for a 2.5% reduction in fcu′, εcu′ and Et were 6°, 3° and 2°, respectively, with a 95% confidence.
Metal Oxide Heterostructures for Improving Gas Sensing Properties: A Review
Authors: Meng Fan-Jian , Xin Rui-Feng , Li Shan-Xin
Published: December 2022

Metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors are widely used to detect toxic and inflammable gases in industrial production and daily life. The main research hotspot in this field is the synthesis of gas sensing materials. Previous studies have shown that incorporating two or more metal oxides to form a heterojunction interface can exhibit superior gas sensing performance in response and selectivity compared with single phase. This review focuses on mainly the synthesis methods and gas sensing mechanisms of metal oxide heterostructures. A significant number of heterostructures with different morphologies and shapes have been fabricated, which exhibit specific sensing performance toward a specific target gas. Among these synthesis methods, the hydrothermal method is noteworthy due to the fabrication of diverse structures, such as nanorod-like, nanoflower-like, and hollow sphere structures with enhanced sensing properties. In addition, it should be noted that the combination of different synthesis methods is also an efficient way to obtain metal oxide heterostructures with novel morphologies. Despite advanced methods in the metal oxide semiconductors and nanotechnology field, there are still some new issues which deserve further investigation, such as long-term chemical stability of sensing materials, reproducibility of the fabrication process, and selectivity toward homogeneous gases. Moreover, the gas sensing mechanism of metal oxide heterostructures is controversial. It should be clarified so as to further integrate laboratory theory research with practical exploitation.
Analysis of the Microstructure Development of Nb-Microalloyed Steel during Rolling on a Heavy-Section Mill
Authors: Sauer Michal , Fabík Richard , Schindler Ivo , Kawulok Petr , Opěla Petr , Kawulok Rostislav , Vodárek Vlastimil , Rusz Stanislav
Published: December 2022

It is not realistic to optimize the roll pass design of profile rolling mills, which typically roll hundreds of profiles, using physical modelling or operational rolling. The use of reliable models of microstructure evolution is preferable here. Based on the mathematical equations describing the microstructure evolution during hot rolling, a modified microstructure evolution model was presented that better accounts for the influence of strain-induced precipitation (SIP) on the kinetics of static recrystallization. The time required for half of the structure to soften, t0.5, by static recrystallization was calculated separately for both situations in which strain-induced precipitation occurred or did not occur. On this basis, the resulting model was more sensitive to the description of grain coarsening in the high-rolling-temperature region, which is a consequence of the rapid progress of static recrystallization and the larger interpass times during rolling on cross-country and continuous mills. The modified model was verified using a plain strain compression test (PSCT) simulation of rolling a 100-mm-diameter round bar performed on the Hydrawedge II hot deformation simulator (HDS-20). Four variants of simulations were performed, differing in the rolling temperature in the last four passes. For comparison with the outputs of the modified model, an analysis of the austenite grain size after rolling was performed using optical metallography. For indirect comparison with the model outputs, the SIP initiation time was determined based on the NbX precipitate size distribution obtained by TEM. Using the PSCT and the outputs from the modified microstructure evolution model, it was found that during conventional rolling, strain-induced precipitation occurs after the last pass and thus does not affect the austenite grain size. By lowering the rolling temperature, it was possible to reduce the grain size by up to 56 μm, while increasing the mean flow stress by a maximum of 74%. The resulting grain size for all four modes was consistent with the operating results.
Evaluation of Flexible Central Buckles on Short Suspenders’ Corrosion Fatigue Degradation on a Suspension Bridge under Traffic Load
Authors: Zhao Yue , Guo Xuelian , Su Botong , Sun Yamin , Li Xiaolong
Published: December 2022

Suspenders are the crucial load-bearing components of long-span suspension bridges, and are sensitive to the repetitive vibrations caused by traffic load. The degradation of suspender steel wire is a typical corrosion fatigue process. Although the high-strength steel wire is protected by a coating and protection system, the suspender is still a fragile component that needs to be replaced many times in the service life of the bridge. Flexible central buckles, which may improve the wind resistance of bridges, are used as a vibration control measure in suspension bridges and also have an influence on the corrosion fatigue life of suspenders under traffic load. This study established a corrosion fatigue degradation model of high-strength steel wire based on the Forman crack development model and explored the influence of flexible central buckles on the corrosion fatigue life of suspenders under traffic flow. The fatigue life of short suspenders without buckles and those with different numbers of buckles was analyzed. The results indicate that the bending stress of short suspenders is remarkably greater than that of long suspenders, whereas the corrosion fatigue life of steel wires is lower due to the large bending stress. Bending stress is the crucial factor affecting the corrosion fatigue life of steel wires. Without flexible central buckles, short suspenders may have fatigue lives lower than the design value. The utilization of flexible central buckles can reduce the peak value and equivalent stress of bending stress, and the improved stress state of the short suspender considerably extends the corrosion fatigue life of steel wires under traffic flow. However, when the number of central buckles exceeds two, the increase in number does not improve the service life of steel wire.
Caregivers’ Perspectives on Human–Robot Collaboration in Inpatient Elderly Care Settings
Authors: Klebbe Robert , Klüber Kim , Dahms Rebecca , Onnasch Linda
Published: December 2022

Due to serious challenges in the healthcare sector, high expectations are placed on the use of assistive robotics. However, only a few systems are currently commercially available. Key challenges in the automation of care activities concern the identification and robust mediation of medical and nursing standards as well as the distribution of agency between caregivers, robots, and patients. With regard to successful mediation of this relational framework, this research aims to identify (1) prerequisites for the implementation and use of robots, (2) potential areas of application as well as ethical considerations, and, finally, (3) requirements for the design of human–robot interactions (HRI) within inpatient elderly care settings. Using a qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews, a total of 19 health professionals were interviewed in two constitutive studies. The results illustrate that robotic assistance is expected to provide potential relief in various application areas. At the same time, there was a great need for measures that support professionals in their responsibility for the care process and consider the professional values of care in the interpersonal relationship. To ensure high acceptance and use of robotics in care, its capabilities, role models, and agency must be increasingly aligned to professional standards and values.
Levofloxacin Adsorption onto MWCNTs/CoFe2O4 Nanocomposites: Mechanism, and Modeling Using Non-Linear Kinetics and Isotherm Equations
Authors: Al-Musawi Tariq J. , Almajidi Yasir Qasim , Al-Essa Ethar M. , Romero-Parra Rosario Mireya , Alwaily Enas R. , Mengelizadeh Nezamaddin , Ganji Fatemeh , Balarak Davoud
Published: December 2022

In the present work, the adsorption mechanism and capacity of MWCNTs/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite as an adsorbent were investigated. Levofloxacin (LFX), a widely used antibiotic, was selected as a hazardous model contaminant in aqueous solutions. The surface and inner characterization of MWCNTs/CoFe2O4 was obtained via SEM/TEM, XRD, BET/BJH, and pHPZC. These analyses indicated that MWCNTs/CoFe2O4 possess excellent surface and pore characteristics, e.g., specific surface area, pore volume, and mean pore diameter, which were 72 m2/g, 0.51 cm3/g, and 65 nm, respectively. The results demonstrate that by supplementing 1 g/L of MWCNTs/CoFe2O4 at experimental conditions of pH value of 5, temperature of 30 °C, initial LFX concentration of 50 mg/L and mixing time of 90 min, a significant outcome of 99.3% removal was achieved. To identify the phenomenon of adsorption, the thermodynamic parameters of ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated, which indicated that the nature of LFX adsorption onto MWCNTs/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite was endothermic and spontaneous. Nine isotherm models, including four two-parameter and five three-parameter models, were investigated. In addition, the regression coefficient as well as five error coefficient models were calculated for nonlinear isotherm models. According to the goodness of fit tests, the equilibrium data were well coordinated with the Freundlich and Sips isotherms. The kinetics study showed that the LFX adsorption data well fitted with pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption of LFX molecules occurred through several stages from surface to intraparticle diffusion. In conclusion, the present work evinces that LFX wastewater can be efficiently treated via an adsorption process using a MWCNTs/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite.
Insecure Property Rights and Conflicts: How to Solve Them?
Authors: Maimone Ansaldo Patti Dario , Navarra Pietro , Sobbrio Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

According to the leading literature, the valid enforcement of property rights is a key ingredient for economic development. However, their enforcement can be problematic in international relations, which can be a valid approximation of an anarchic or state of nature environment. In such a context, we do not have a third party that may sanction any illegal behaviour, since the existing international organizations may lack the necessary power to force countries to behave in a specific way. A large variety of papers have attempted to provide a self-enforcing solution to a conflict among players by defining a bargaining range, which may prevent the emergence of a war. Hence, players renounce the fight and leave peacefully, enforcing de facto property rights. In contrast, we propose a model in which contestants decide to solve their dispute by forming a union. The latter can be interpreted in a broad sense, also encompassing the possibility that they form a new political entity. We highlight the welfare implications of that solution and define the non-empty set of parameters, which support such a decision in the long run. Intuitively, from a dual perspective, the model also discloses the circumstances that may lead players to deviate from the union path and split. Therefore, our paper contributes to the literature about the formation and breakdown of countries, although our primary concern is to present a model with an innovative solution to conflicts. Moreover, our work stresses the importance of the enforcement of property rights to guarantee the peaceful development of relations among countries.
Hopf Differential Graded Galois Extensions
Authors: Zhang Bo-Ye
Published: December 2022

We introduce the concept of Hopf dg Galois extensions. For a finite dimensional semisimple Hopf algebra H and an H-module dg algebra R, we show that D(R#H)≅D(RH) is equivalent to that R/RH is a Hopf differential graded Galois extension. We present a weaker version of Hopf differential graded Galois extensions and show the relationships between Hopf differential graded Galois extensions and Hopf Galois extensions.
Stability Analysis for Autonomous Vehicle Navigation Trained over Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient
Authors: Cabezas-Olivenza Mireya , Zulueta Ekaitz , Sanchez-Chica Ander , Fernandez-Gamiz Unai , Teso-Fz-Betoño Adrian
Published: December 2022

The Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm is a reinforcement learning algorithm that combines Q-learning with a policy. Nevertheless, this algorithm generates failures that are not well understood. Rather than looking for those errors, this study presents a way to evaluate the suitability of the results obtained. Using the purpose of autonomous vehicle navigation, the DDPG algorithm is applied, obtaining an agent capable of generating trajectories. This agent is evaluated in terms of stability through the Lyapunov function, verifying if the proposed navigation objectives are achieved. The reward function of the DDPG is used because it is unknown if the neural networks of the actor and the critic are correctly trained. Two agents are obtained, and a comparison is performed between them in terms of stability, demonstrating that the Lyapunov function can be used as an evaluation method for agents obtained by the DDPG algorithm. Verifying the stability at a fixed future horizon, it is possible to determine whether the obtained agent is valid and can be used as a vehicle controller, so a task-satisfaction assessment can be performed. Furthermore, the proposed analysis is an indication of which parts of the navigation area are insufficient in training terms.
Application of an Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Prediction Fay–Herriot (EBLUP-FH) Multivariate Method with Cluster Information to Estimate Average Household Expenditure
Authors: Desiyanti Armalia , Ginanjar Irlandia , Toharudin Toni
Published: December 2022

Data at a smaller regional level has now become a necessity for local governments. The average data on household expenditure on food and non-food is designed for provincial and district/city estimation levels. Subdistrict-level statistics are not currently available. Small area estimation (SAE) is one method to address the problem. The Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (EBLUP)—Fay Herriot Multivariate method estimates the average household expenditure on food and non-food at the sub-district level in Central Java Province in 2020. Meanwhile, for the sub-districts that are not sampled, the estimation of average household expenditure is done by adding cluster information to the EBLUP Multivariate modeling. The K-Medoids Cluster method is used to classify sub-districts based on their characteristics. Small area estimation using the EBLUP-FH Multivariate method can enhance the parameter estimations obtained using the direct estimation method because it results in a lower level of variation (RSE). For sub-districts that are not sampled, the Residual Standard Error (RSE) value from the estimated results using the EBLUP-FH Multivariate method with cluster information is lower than 25%, indicating that the estimate is accurate.
Hybrid Swarm Intelligence Optimization Methods for Low-Embodied Energy Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges
Authors: Martínez-Muñoz David , García Jose , Martí Jose V. , Yepes Víctor
Published: December 2022

Bridge optimization is a significant challenge, given the huge number of possible configurations of the problem. Embodied energy and cost were taken as objective functions for a box-girder steel–concrete optimization problem considering both as single-objective. Embodied energy was chosen as a sustainable criterion to compare the results with cost. The stochastic global search TAMO algorithm, the swarm intelligence cuckoo search (CS), and sine cosine algorithms (SCA) were used to achieve this goal. To allow the SCA and SC techniques to solve the discrete bridge optimization problem, the discretization technique applying the k-means clustering technique was used. As a result, SC was found to produce objective energy function values comparable to TAMO while reducing the computation time by 25.79%. In addition, the cost optimization and embodied energy analysis revealed that each euro saved using metaheuristic methodologies decreased the energy consumption for this optimization problem by 0.584 kW·h. Additionally, by including cells in the upper and lower parts of the webs, the behavior of the section was improved, as were the optimization outcomes for the two optimization objectives. This study concludes that double composite action design on supports makes the continuous longitudinal stiffeners in the bottom flange unnecessary.
Formulation of a Grey Sequence and an Optimization Solution to Present Multi-Layer Family Networks
Authors: Sorooshian Shahryar
Published: December 2022

Despite the potential benefits of family relationships and family events, insufficient studies have been undertaken to address how to overcome their obstacles. So, the main objective of this paper is to present a systematic model for prioritizing family members in response to standing limitations on family relationships. For this, the chosen methodology is conceptual sequence modeling, and the proposed model is optimized to include family membership motives and demotivators. Moreover, multiple criteria for the membership nominations are included to respond to the dynamic scenarios and complexity of decision-making. The feasibility of the proposed model is proven in a numerical case. Thus, the contribution of the proposed model is predictable to be from event planning to relative relationship management.
Does Freedom Matter for Sustainable Economic Development? New Evidence from Spatial Econometric Analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Hosein , Shayanmehr Samira , Borrero Juan D.
Published: December 2022

Achieving sustainable economic development is always considered one of the main economic goals of countries. Therefore, researchers are interested in presenting new econometric models for more accurate identification of factors affecting economic growth. The current study evaluates the impact of various aspects of freedom (economic freedom, press freedom, civil freedom, and political rights) and an aggregated freedom index on economic growth in European countries from 2000 to 2019 using spatial panel econometric techniques. In addition, the effects of variables such as FDI, financial development (FD), human capital (HC), and capital stock on economic growth are examined. The findings of this research confirm the existence of spatial autocorrelation in economic growth. The results reveal that civil liberties, economic and press freedom, and aggregated freedom boost economic growth, whereas political rights have no significant effect on economic growth. Furthermore, the econometric model results indicate that FDI, FD, HC, and capital stock are positively and significantly associated with economic growth. This research is expected to provide policymakers with a thorough understanding of how to implement the best policies in European countries to achieve sustainable economic development.
Prevalence and Self-Medication for Acne among Students of Health-Related Science Colleges at King Saud University in Riyadh Region Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrabiah Ziyad , Arafah Azher , Rehman Muneeb U. , Babelghaith Salmeen D. , Syed Wajid , Alrashidi Fahad K. , Aldajaani Fahad F. , Alsufayan Musab A. , Arifi Mohamed N. Al
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: In Saudi Arabia, Acne vulgaris is a very predominant ailment among adolescents, especially female university students, and self-medication has become a trend to manage this condition. To determine the prevalence of Acne vulgaris among health care students and to access the scenario of its self-medication in light of students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice towards it. Materials and Methods: This was an observational study conducted at King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from January 2022 to March 2022. The study was undertaken using a pre-structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 550 university students were recruited and the incidence of acne was observed to be 78.5% (432 out of 550) with a female predominance. A total of 56.0% (244 of 432) students used self-medications for acne without a prescription and the most used prescription drugs were topical and oral antibiotics (38.1%), followed by Isotretinoin (22.55), and topical adaplene (20.9%). Female students (n = 181, 63.5%) were significantly more likely to self-medicate compared to male students (n = 63, 42.9%, p ≤ 0.001). Almost 60% of medical students had proper knowledge of medication for acne. Conclusion: Acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent condition among university students of Saudi Arabia and use of self-medication among acne sufferers is high. Education programs should be made to raise awareness about acne and its treatment.
Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Management of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ibrahem Hoda Younes , Aly Doaa Hamdy , Warda Ahmed E. Abou , Farahat Ramadan Abdelmoez , Youssef Raghda Mamdouh , Abdelhamid Mona Hassan , Goud Heba Ahmed , Mohamed Rana Ragab , Eldien Menna Allah Y. Nasr , Alotaibi Fahad Obaid , Alzarea Abdulaziz Ibrahim , Alanazi Abdullah Salah , Eisa Nehal M. , Refaee Abdelrahman SH.
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: Mortality and illness due to COVID-19 have been linked to a condition known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) that is characterized by excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6). Tocilizumab (TCZ), a recent IL-6 antagonist, has been redeployed as adjunctive treatment for CRS remission in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of Tocilizumab on patients’ survival and the length of stay in hospitalized COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods: Between January 2021 and June 2021, a multicenter retrospective cohort study was carried out in six tertiary care hospitals in Egypt’s governorate of Giza. Based on the use of TCZ during ICU stay, eligible patients were divided into two groups (control vs. TCZ). In-hospital mortality was the main outcome. Results: A total of 740 patient data records were included in the analysis, where 630 patients followed the routine COVID-19 protocol, while 110 patients received TCZ, need to different respiratory support after hospitalization, and inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed a statistically significant difference between the TCZ group and the control group. Regarding the primary outcome (discharged alive or death) and neither the secondary outcome (length of hospital stay), there is no statistically significant difference between patients treated with TCZ and the control group. Conclusions: Our cohort of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 did not assert a reduction in the risk of mortality or the length of stay (LOS) after TCZ administration.
Obesity Paradox among Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alrob Osama Abo , Sankaralingam Sowndramalingam , Alazzam Sayer , Nusairat Buthaina , Qattoum Muhammad , Nusair Mohammad B.
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: There is consensus on the negative effects of obesity on the development of heart failure. However, several studies have suggested that obesity may have paradoxical survival benefits in heart failure patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether the obesity paradox exists in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients in Jordan. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were retrieved from electronic hospital records of heart failure patients admitted to King Abdullah University Hospital between January 2010 and January 2020. Patients were divided into five BMI (kg/m2) subgroups: (1) Less than 25.0, (2) Overweight 25.0–29.9, (3) Obese Class I 30.0–34.9, (4) Obese Class II 35.0–39.9, and (5) Obese Class III ≥40.0. Changes in patients’ clinical and echocardiographic parameters over one year were analyzed. Results: Data of a total of 297 patients were analyzed to determine the effect of obesity on heart failure. The mean age was 64.6 ± 12.4 years, and most patients (65.7%) were male. Among several co-morbidities, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the most common and were present in 81.8% and 81.1% of patients, respectively. Over all patients, there was no significant change in EF after 1 year compared to baseline. However, only patients in the Obese Class I group had a statistically significant improvement in EF of 38.0 ± 9.81% vs. 34.8 ± 6.35% (p = 0.004) after 1 year. Importantly, among non-diabetic individuals, only Obese Class I patients had a significant (p < 0.001) increase in EF after 1 year compared to other BMI subgroups, a feature that was not observed among patients with diabetes. On the other hand, only Obese Class I patients with hypertension had a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in EF after 1 year compared to other BMI subgroups, a feature that was not observed among patients without hypertension. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates an inverted U-shaped relationship between BMI and EF such that patients with mild obesity (i.e., Obese Class I) had significant improvement in EF compared to those having a lower and higher BMI. We, therefore, suggest the existence of the obesity paradox among HFrEF patients in Jordan.
Monitoring of the Forgotten Immune System during Critical Illness—A Narrative Review
Authors: Serrano Maria A. , Gomes André M. C. , Fernandes Susana M.
Published: December 2022

Immune organ failure is frequent in critical illness independent of its cause and has been acknowledged for a long time. Most patients admitted to the ICU, whether featuring infection, trauma, or other tissue injury, have high levels of alarmins expression in tissues or systemically which then activate innate and adaptive responses. Although necessary, this response is frequently maladaptive and leads to organ dysfunction. In addition, the counter-response aiming to restore homeostasis and repair injury can also be detrimental and contribute to persistent chronic illness. Despite intensive research on this topic in the last 40 years, the immune system is not routinely monitored in critical care units. In this narrative review we will first discuss the inflammatory response after acute illness and the players of maladaptive response, focusing on neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. We will then go through commonly used biomarkers, like C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and pancreatic stone protein (PSP) and what they monitor. Next, we will discuss the strengths and limitations of flow cytometry and related techniques as an essential tool for more in-depth immune monitoring and end with a presentation of the most promising cell associated markers, namely HLA-DR expression on monocytes, neutrophil expression of CD64 and PD-1 expression on T cells. In sum, immune monitoring critically ill patients is a forgotten and missing piece in the monitoring capacity of intensive care units. New technology, including bed-side equipment and in deep cell phenotyping using emerging multiplexing techniques will likely allow the definition of endotypes and a more personalized care in the future.
Risk of New-Onset Liver Injuries Due to COVID-19 in Preexisting Hepatic Conditions—Review of the Literature
Authors: Bucurica Sandica , Ionita Radu Florentina , Bucurica Ana , Socol Calin , Prodan Ioana , Tudor Ioana , Sirbu Carmen Adella , Plesa Florentina Cristina , Jinga Mariana
Published: December 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) impacted the world and caused the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The clinical manifestations of the virus can vary from patient to patient, depending on their respective immune system and comorbidities. SARS-CoV-2 can affect patients through two mechanisms: directly by targeting specific receptors or by systemic mechanisms. We reviewed data in the latest literature in order to discuss and determine the risk of new-onset liver injuries due to COVID-19 in preexisting hepatic conditions. The particular expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors is an additional risk factor for patients with liver disease. COVID-19 causes more severe forms in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), increases the risk of cirrhosis decompensation, and doubles the mortality for these patients. The coinfection SARS-CoV-2—viral hepatitis B or C might have different outcomes depending on the stage of the liver disease. Furthermore, the immunosuppressant treatment administered for COVID-19 might reactivate the hepatic virus. The high affinity of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins for cholangiocytes results in a particular type of secondary sclerosing cholangitis. The impact of COVID-19 infection on chronic liver disease patients is significant, especially in cirrhosis, influencing the prognosis and outcome of these patients.
Interstitial Cells of Cajal—Origin, Distribution and Relationship with Gastrointestinal Tumors
Authors: Radu Petru , Zurzu Mihai , Paic Vlad , Bratucu Mircea , Garofil Dragos , Tigora Anca , Georgescu Valentin , Prunoiu Virgiliu , Popa Florian , Surlin Valeriu , Strambu Victor
Published: December 2022

The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) represent a particular network formed by some peculiar cells that were first described by the great neuroanatomist, S. Ramon y Cajal. Nowadays, the ICC have become a fascinating topic for scientists, arousing their curiosity; as a result, there is a vast number of published articles related to the ICC. Today, everybody widely accepts that the ICC represent the pacemaker of the gastrointestinal tract and are highly probable to be the origin cells for gastrointestinal tumors (GISTs). Recently, Cajal-like cells (ICLC) were described, which are found in different organs but with an as yet unknown physiological role that needs further study. New information regarding intestinal development indicates that the ICC (fibroblast-like and muscle-like) and intestinal muscle cells have the same common embryonic cells, thereby presenting the same cellular ultrastructure. Nowadays, there is a vast quantity of information that proves the connection of the ICC and GISTs. Both of them are known to present c-kit expression and the same ultrastructural cell features, which includes minimal myoid differentiation that is noticed in GISTs, therefore, supporting the hypothesis that GISTs are ICC-related tumors. In this review, we have tried to highlight the origin and distribution of Cajal interstitial cells based on their ultrastructural features as well as their relationship with gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Diabetic Foot Care: A Screening on Primary Care Providers’ Attitude and Practice in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsheikh Sultan , AlGhofili Hesham , Alageel Reema , Ababtain Omar , Alarify Ghadah , Alwehaibi Nasser , Altoijry Abdulmajeed
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: Diabetic foot (DF) disease is one of the myriad complications of diabetes. Positive outcomes are expected through a multidisciplinary approach as provided by primary care providers (PCPs). This study aimed to assess the knowledge of DF and attitude of physicians in primary healthcare settings toward DF diagnosis and prevention in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study used a self-administered questionnaire that was completed by family medicine consultants, residents, and general practitioners working in primary care settings in Riyadh. Results: Of the 152 physicians who completed the survey, (43.4%) completed more than 10 h of diabetes continuing medical education (CME) over the past three years. Most (96.1%) PCPs educate patients about foot self-inspection, and only (64.5%) perform foot inspection at every visit in high-risk diabetic foot patients. PCP knowledge about diagnosing and managing diabetic foot infection was suboptimal. Only 53.9% of participants reported performing a probe-to-bone in DF patients with open wounds. Conclusions: We identified knowledge and action gaps among PCPs. Physicians had acceptable knowledge about preventive measures. However, deficits were found regarding diagnosing and management of DF infections. We recommend addressing these knowledge gaps by incorporating DF lectures and workshops within family medicine conferences and residency programs.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Both Oral and Systemic Manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Updated Review
Authors: Pinzariu Alin Constantin , Sova Ivona Andreea , Maranduca Minela Aida , Filip Nina , Drochioi Ilie Cristian , Vamesu Calin George , Clim Andreea , Hurjui Loredana Liliana , Moscalu Mihaela , Soroceanu Radu Petru , Serban Dragomir Nicolae , Serban Ionela Lacramioara
Published: December 2022

The specialized literature emphasizes the fact that vitamin D has a potentially beneficial effect in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this article is to highlight the role of vitamin D, both prophylactic and curative, in the treatment of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Even though its relevance is still unknown and causes various controversies, there is currently no specific treatment for patients diagnosed with COVID-19. There are various prevention strategies with new vaccination schedules, but additional randomized and clinical trials are still needed to combat this pandemic. In addition to the systemic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, oral manifestations of this disease have also been described in the literature. The etiology of oral manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection and vitamin D deficiency remains controversial. In the present studies, oral manifestations such as salivary gland infections, aphthae, erythema, gingivitis, ulcers, etc. have been reported. This is a new topic, and the prevalence of manifestations is described in only a few studies, which is inconsistent with the number of COVID-19 cases reported since the beginning of the pandemic. The clinical symptomatology in patients with current COVID-19 infection is polymorphic. Whether the oral manifestation is directly caused by SARS-CoV-2 or a secondary manifestation remains an important topic to analyze and discuss.
Layered Perovskites BaLnnInnO3n+1 (n = 1, 2) for Electrochemical Applications: A Mini Review
Authors: Tarasova Nataliia
Published: December 2022

Modern humanity is facing many challenges, such as declining reserves of fossil energy resources and their increasing prices, climate change and an increase in the number of respiratory diseases including COVID-19. This causes an urgent need to create advanced energy materials and technologies to support the sustainable development of renewable energy systems including hydrogen energy. Layered perovskites have many attractions due to their physical and chemical properties. The structure of such compounds contains perovskite layers divided by layers with different frameworks, which provide their properties’ features. Proton-conduction layered perovskites open up a novel structural class of protonic conductors, potentially suitable for application in such hydrogen energy devices as protonic ceramic electrolysis cells and protonic ceramic fuel cells. In this mini review, the special features of proton transport in the novel class of proton conductors BaLnnInnO3n+1 (n = 1, 2) with a layered perovskite structure are observed and general regularities are discussed.
An Empirical Examination of the Genesis of Psychological Ownership
Authors: Gardner Donald G. , Pierce Jon L. , Lv Feng
Published: December 2022

While there are many empirical studies of psychological ownership, there are few that examine the origins of it. Why do people develop feelings of ownership over various entities in their lives? In this investigation we empirically explore the role played by basic psychological needs as motives for the development of job-based psychological ownership. Specifically, we hypothesize that person-job fit is positively related to job-based psychological ownership through three major routes (experienced control, intimate knowing, and/or investment of the self). Further, based on extant theory but not previously studied, we hypothesized that self-identity needs and effectance motivation act as first stage moderators of these mediated relationships. Based on data from 308 employees in China, and employing a time-lagged design, we observed a significant positive relationship between person-job fit and psychological ownership through the three routes. Most of these mediated relationships were moderated by the need for self-identity and effectance motivation, such that the positive effects became stronger as the motivational needs strengthened. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Accommodating Employees with Impairments and Health Problems: The Role of Flexible Employment Schemes in Europe
Authors: Giovanis Eleftherios , Ozdamar Oznur
Published: December 2022

Over the past 30 years, the workplace has witnessed significant changes. The fast growth in the use of information and communication technologies and changes in working hours and agreements radically changed the nature of the job. One such change is flexible employment schemes, which can provide alternatives for employees with disabilities and health problems, giving incentives to increase their productivity and job satisfaction. This study examines the relationship between those schemes and labour outcomes, such as job satisfaction, job quality and absenteeism in this group of people. Furthermore, the objective is to explore the role of flexible employment for carers of people with impairments. The empirical analysis relies on the European Working Conditions Survey from 2000 to 2015. The findings show that employees with disabilities and health problems working under flexible employment schemes are more likely to report higher levels of job satisfaction and lower absenteeism rates than their counterparts working under fixed employment schemes. Moreover, carers’ job satisfaction and organisational loyalty are significantly improved when flexible employment schemes are in place. The policy implications suggest efficient implementation at the state and corporate levels of flexible employment systems that can promote job satisfaction, reduce turnover intentions and, thus, increase productivity.
High-Speed and Low-Load Twin-Roll Casting of Al–5%Mg Strip
Authors: Yamazaki Kazuki , Haga Toshio
Published: December 2022

A conventional twin-roll caster usually casts strips at a speed slower than 2 m/min and a roll load greater than 2 kN/mm. A vertical-type high-speed twin-roll caster can cast aluminum alloy strips at a speed higher than 10 m/min and a roll load smaller than 550 N/mm due to the effect of the large thermal conductivity of copper alloy rolls, compared with that of steel rolls. However, the properties of an aluminum alloy strip cast at a roll load smaller than 140 N/mm and at a roll speed higher than 30 m/min are not clear. In this study, Al–5%Mg strips were cast at a roll speed of 30 m/min and roll loads of 2 and 88 N/mm using a vertical-type high-speed twin-roll caster. The effects of roll load on cracking at the strip surface, the tensile mechanical properties, and the microstructure were investigated. Rotating rolls were stopped during casting, and the progression of centerline segregation and the microstructure between the rolls was investigated. Centerline segregation and surface cracking were lower at 2 N/mm than at 88 N/mm. In the strip cast at 2 N/mm, elongation in the width direction was greater than that cast at 88 N/mm, due to decreased surface cracking. The results demonstrate that a very low roll load improves the properties of the cast strip.
Shearographic Detection of Internal Defects in Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Kryukov Igor , Prints Eugen , Sommer Niklas , Böhm Stefan
Published: December 2022

Despite the formation of a passive layer, corrosion also occurs in austenitic stainless steels. One of the most common and most dangerous types is pitting corrosion, in which the material beneath the surface is completely dissolved. Since this type of corrosion only produces small holes on the surface, it is difficult to detect without nondestructive testing. This paper presents induction-excited shearography as an optical, nondestructive testing method for quick inspection of inner defects and corrosion. The investigations were carried out on test specimens with blind holes made of austenitic stainless steel 1.4301 (AISI 304). The detection limits of different defect sizes were determined objectively based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The results show that inner defects with a size of Ø 2 mm can be detected via SNR in a depth of up to 1.5 mm. Larger defects can be detected in greater depth. The data obtained were validated on real test specimens. The measurement of a more realistic defect geometry showed higher SNR values compared to the idealized test specimens. From the measured SNR values of realistic defect geometry, it can be concluded that real irregularities have higher SNR values than defects with flat bottoms. The results show that induction-excited shearography is suitable for the nondestructive testing of austenitic stainless steels.
Identifying Optimal Hot Forming Conditions for AA6010 Alloy by Means of Elevated Temperature Tensile Testing
Authors: Taylor Scott , Dhara Sisir , Slater Carl , Kotadia Hiren
Published: December 2022

AA6010 in the F temper was investigated using a Gleeble 3800 test rig across a range of temperatures (350–550 °C) and strain rates (1 × 10−1 s−1 1 × 101 s−1) to identify optimal forming conditions. Post-forming electron back-scattered diffraction analysis was conducted to identify the mechanisms responsible for the material formability. Optimal forming conditions were observed to be 500 °C and a strain rate of 1 × 10−1 s−1, with clear evidence of dynamic recrystallisation observed, this being the dominant mechanism responsible for the increased formability. Peak yield strength of 335 MPa was achieved using a rapid aging treatment of 205 °C for one hour.
Numerical Simulation of Penetration Process of Depleted Uranium Alloy Based on an FEM-SPH Coupling Algorithm
Authors: Su Hui , Zhang Chi , Yan Zhifei , Gao Ping , Guo Hong , Pan Guanchen , Wang Junsheng
Published: December 2022

In order to quantitatively study the penetration capability of depleted uranium alloy, a simulation model of bullet impact on target plate with FEM-SPH coupling algorithm was established by using LS-DYNA software, which was combined with Johnson-Cook intrinsic model, Johnson-Cook fracture criterion, and equation of state to conduct a simulation study of alloy bullets made of depleted uranium alloy, tungsten alloy, and high-strength steel to penetrate target plate at 1400 m/s initial velocity. The results show that under the same conditions of initial kinetic energy, initial velocity, and initial volume, the residual kinetic energy of the depleted uranium alloy bullet is 1.14 times that of tungsten alloy and 1.20 times that of high-strength steel, and the residual velocity is 1.14 times that of tungsten alloy and 1.18 times that of steel, and the residual volume is 1.13 times that of tungsten alloy and 1.23 times that of steel after the penetration is completed. The shape of the bullet after penetrating the target plate is relatively sharp, and the diameter of the target hole formed is about 1.70 times the diameter of the projectile, which is significantly larger than 1.54 times that of tungsten alloy and 1.39 times that of high-strength steel, indicating the excellent penetration performance of depleted uranium alloy.
Serum Metabolites Characterization Produced by Cats CKD Affected, at the 1 and 2 Stages, before and after Renal Diet
Authors: Ruberti Bruna , Machado Daniela Pedrosa , Vendramini Thiago Henrique Annibale , Pedrinelli Vivian , Marchi Pedro Henrique , Jeremias Juliana Toloi , Pontieri Cristiana Fonseca Ferreira , Kogika Marcia Mery , Brunetto Marcio Antonio
Published: December 2022

Utilizing metabolomics, a tool for measuring and characterizing low-molecular-weight substances (LMWs), to identify eventual changes in response to dietary intervention is novel in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a condition characterized by retention of uremic solutes. This study aims to assess the serum metabolomic profile of cats in early stages of CKD and to compare the serum metabolomic of CKD cats after 60 days of a renal diet to evaluate the effect of dietary intervention on these metabolites. Twenty-five domestic cats were included in the study. Fifteen cats with CKD stages 1 (n = 6) and 2 (n = 9) according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) were included in the renal groups, and a control group consisting of 10 cats was included. All animals were enrolled on a maintenance diet for 30 days before the experimental period. The metabolomics analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed on Metaboanalyst 4.0 software. Forty-three metabolites were identified. Citric acid and monostearin were altered in the CKD2 group when compared to CKD1 and the control group at T0. A total of seven serum metabolites differed after 60 days of the renal diet: glycine, fructose, glutamic acid, arachidonic acid, stearic acid, creatinine, and urea. Changes were seen in the serum metabolomic profile after 60 days of the renal diet, and some of the metabolites that changed in response to the diet have beneficial effects on health. Overall, metabolomics markers have the potential to identify early stages of CKD, providing insights into the possible pathophysiologic processes that contribute to the development and progression of CKD.