bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of a Fuzzy Logic Controller for Hydropower Generator Speed Regulation
Authors: Egoigwe Sochima Vincent , Chukwudozie Chukwudi , Nwobi Chukwudumebi , Araoye Timothy Oluwaseun , Arize Chukwuemeka Igwe , Anoliefo Edward C.
Published: February 2022

The hydroelectric plants flow rate always varies with time due to the speed rotation of turbines which affect the amplitude and frequency of electrical energy generated.  Hydro plants are being utilized for the purpose of peaking as well as base load, pumped storage and spinning reserve power operation etc. Especially in a system consisting of large industries, where frequency and voltage fluctuations are required to be kept minimum, their stability determines the quality of power. For efficient use of plant, complex control techniques are employed in the station automation and these involve the turbine governor in control features for which a flexible governor design is essential. MATLAB 2007 Software was used to carry out simulations analysis to develop fuzzy logic controller for hydropower Generator speed regulation with aims of stabilizing output power supply in order to increase the water flows rate through the hydropower penstock. The result of the research shows the hydropower generator speed model which can be used to stabilized power output as a result of increase in turbine speed rotation when fuzzy logic controller is applied. The result showed that hydropower Generation speed regulation with and without fuzzy logic controller were 319.8m/s and 65m/s respectively. The speed increased by 254.8m/s. the result shows that application of  fuzzy logic controller gives better result and increase the rotational speed of hydropower.
Development of Biofuels for a Green Future
Authors: Dong Van Huong , Nguyen Danh Chan
Published: February 2022

In the context of fossil fuel sources are gradually depleted, production and use of biofuels has become a popular trend in the world. In Vietnam, the development of biofuel production and use has been implemented since 2018. However, in order for this fuel to be widely used to contribute to environmental protection, there are still many obstacles.Among the alternative energy sources currently in use (wind, solar and nuclear energy), bioenergy is an inevitable development trend, especially in agricultural countries and imported. fuel, due to its benefits: production technology is not too complicated, utilizing local raw materials, increasing agricultural economic efficiency, without changing engine structure as well as lower facilities Existing floors and competitive prices compared to gasoline.Increasing the use of biofuels is not only about protecting the environment but also contributing to the positive transformation of the lives of people in remote areas of the country.
Heating System for the use of Bio-Oils for Marine Engines
Authors: Nam Cao Dao , Nguyen Danh Chan , Dong Van Huong
Published: February 2022

Biofuel is a fuel made directly or indirectly from organic materials - biomass, consisting of two main sources from plants and animal waste, not from fossil sources such as oil, coal. At present, biofuels account for about 20% of global energy consumption. Particularly there are some countries, the use of biofuels is even bigger, such as Germany, Brazil, India ..., these are the leading countries in proving the availability and superiority of biofuels. Because fossil energy reserves are declining rapidly, as well as their use which has many consequences for habitat, bioenergy is an inevitable development for the future. Some typical types of biofuels that are widely known today include: bioethanol (bioetanol), biodiesel (biodiesel), green diesel (diesel), biological kerosene (biokerosen-or reactive fuel). biological forces), other biological alcohols (methanol, butanol), bio ether, biogas, syngas, solid biomass fuels. In fact, the two most important biofuels are bioetanol and biodiesel, because of the many properties they have: use for the two most common types of transport (gasoline and motor vehicles). Diesel engine has many properties similar to fossil fuels, but cleaner and cleaner; produced from abundant and renewable materials such as sugar, starch, animal and vegetable fats and oils. The paper presents the heating methods for the use of high-viscosity fuels for diesel engines.
TRIP Steel for Automobile Industry in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc Quy Phong , Tran Cong Tri
Published: February 2022

When Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), we made a non-discriminatory commitment between home-made goods and imported goods, so the great protection of domestic manufacturing enterprises is not can exist. Special consumption tax is only a historical period and will have to be adjusted, as this time transport infrastructure is still poor, people's living standards are not high. Particularly for domestically produced cars, it is not much affected by import tax, but still subject to SCT by the number of seats and cylinder capacity in accordance with the Law on Special Consumption Tax. As for value added tax (VAT), we should not mention much because most consumer products in Vietnam apply a VAT rate of 10%. The application of tariffs aims to encourage businesses to increase localization rates, and at the same time develop the automobile industry, aiming at export. Therefore, businesses need to try to save production and business costs, properly account market price. Vietnamese consumers are still "expecting" after 2018 to buy cheap cars because the import tax on complete cars will be reduced to 0%. However, in contrast, some comments also suggest that at that time most of the domestic car manufacturers and assemblers will turn into importers.
Some Main Causes of Marine Pollution in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Cong Tri , Nguyen Phuoc Quy Phong
Published: February 2022

Vietnam is a coastal country located in the central region of Southeast Asia, Vietnam has a sea area connecting the important sea transport route between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, especially the East Vietnam Sea are oil and container shipping routes from other countries to Japan, South Korea and China, which are consuming huge amounts of energy. Vietnam is in a position to have a potential for marine economic development such as shipbuilding, sea transport, port development, and waterworks, marine product exploitation, marine and oil and gas resource exploitation, marine tourism and islands, sea services, and other related industries. With such a potential position, the exploitation of the sea and the protection of the marine environment is an extremely important issue.
Effective Maintenance of Gas Turbine Power Plant to Improve Productivity
Authors: Humphrey Daniel Ibani , Barinyima Nkoi , E. Isaac Okwu
Published: February 2022

This research work identified strategies to effectively maintain the gas turbine power plant as to improve on productivity. The main aim is to determine the effect of a good maintenance culture on the reliability of gas turbine power plant operation, to evaluate the loss of revenue due to high rate of intervention (or failure) in the power plant. Materials were collected from the manufacturers manual, maintenance report log sheet, production report log book/sheets, intervention schedule programmes, mechanical vibration analyzer machines, machine lubrication schedule/plan, Instrumentation calibration manuals and plants simulation model log books/sheets, human machine interface system (HMI) as well as the equipment control and monitoring machine (ECM), self administered questionnaire and internet system. The collated data were analyzed with the aid of number of intervention, mean time between failures (MTBF), mean time to repair (MTTR), production yield, loss of revenue equations as well as responses from returned questionnaires to determine the effect of adequate maintenance of the power plant on productivity. The analysis revealed a negative growth rate in productivity resulting from poor performance of the gas turbine power plant in the year (2013-2017) due to poor maintenance culture. There has been colossal loss of revenue due to incessant shutdown of power plant which also affects the process plants. From the result of five years average yield of Notore historical products cost per day for two major products namely; ammonia and urea amounted to N0.1104B. In other words, for one production year, revenue of N36.4 Billion would have been received but due to high plant down-time for maintenance intervention, the company lost about N0.851Billion in a year. This is a huge loss to Notore Chemical Industries Plc.
Hybrid Deep Learning Based Visual System for In-Vehicle Safety
Authors: Joghee Bhojan Rajkumar , Ramyachitra D. , Ganesan Subramanian , Rajkumar Ragavi
Published: February 2022

In the automotive industry, researchers, AI experts, and developers are actively pushing deep learning based approaches for In-vehicle safety.    In this research paper, we propose a hybrid deep learning based visual system for providing feedback to the driver in a non-intrusive manner. We describe a hybrid SSD-RBM (Single Shot MultiBox Detector - Restricted Boltzmann Machine)  model for face feature identification. In this system, object detection, object tracking, and observations are processed through a full pipeline of image processing and detect the driver's movements and generate a safe and efficient action plan in real time. This in-vehicle interactive system assists drivers in regulating driving performance and avoiding hazards.
Sand Mould Design for Casting an Aluminium Pot-A Basic Procedure of Supplementing Artisanal Practices
Authors: Guma Thomas Ndyar , Uche Lilian Ogboi
Published: February 2022

Artisanal green sand casting of aluminum pots is a notable flourishing business in many urban areas of west and central Africa but seen to be typified by labor-intensive and subjective control of a large number of variables to successfully cast. Correct mold designs with in-flow and cooling rates of molten aluminum are fundamental in reducing labor and defects in the castings. The paper presents sand mold design for casting 30litre-capacity cylindrical aluminum pot of internal diameter 314.7mm, depth 386mm, and wall thickness 4mm with  handling lugs alongside its cover using unpressurized gating system ratio of 1:3:3. The design provides suitable specifications of the ladle position, mass and pouring time and in-flow rate of molten aluminum, layout for the mold components, means of compensating process cooling shrinkages of aluminum during solidification, patterns for the castings, and molding box. The motive behind the paper was to emphasize and exemplify the use of basic engineering design procedure for supplementing artisanal green sand molding practices for improving consistency and productivity, and minimizing laboriousness and casing defects with improved profitability in the business.
Impact of Soil Texture on Path Loss Modelling of an FM Signal Using Diffraction Technique
Authors: Ashigwuike Evans Chinemezu , Felix Ale , Shaibu Farouq Eneuma
Published: February 2022

A novel solution to predict path loss of an FM signal using diffraction technique is proposed. Diffraction technique and soil texture impact are used to improve the Friis free-space model to predict the received signal strength and propagation path loss of an FM signal between a transmitter site and receiver site, while studying the impact of soil texture to the FM signal in the case of surface wave propagation. Measurement of signal strengths with an interval of 5KM along two different routes (1 and 2) were taken with a Digital Field Strength Meter (DW-400), in some selected open/rural environments of Kogi State. A solid-state transmitter (BE 20S), with broadcast frequency of 101.5MHz at antenna height of 120m was considered as the transmitting point source. Bluetooth signal strength meter software was used to visualize this impact of soil texture, where different types of soil were considered within the coverage area of the FM radio station, with the application of a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) technology. Measurements taken along the two different routes were compared against predictions made by the modified model of Friis Free Space. The model showed quite large mean path loss prediction errors, and places with poor signal strength for Prime FM Radio Nigeria were revealed. The result shows that an FM signal induces current in the ground over which it passes and it is attenuated as a result of absorption of energy by the soil, depending on the soil type.
Optimal Location and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Distribution Network Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Logic Technique
Authors: Ashigwuike Evans Chinemezu , Benson Stephen Adole
Published: February 2022

The growing gap between electric power generated and that demanded is of utmost concern especially in developing economy, hence calling for measures to argument the existing power generated of which DG is a more viable aspect to explore in curtailing this challenges; although been confronted with issue of location and sizing. This research applied Adaptive neuro fuzzy logic technique to optimize DG location and size. A 24 bus radial network was used to demonstrate this process and having a suitable location and size at optimal position reduces power losses and also improves the voltage profile at the buses. The method was simulated using ANFIS toolbox MATLAB R2013b (8.2.0.701) 64-bit software and tested using Gwagwalada injection sub-station feeder 1 system. The results obtained were compared to that obtained using ANN. It was observed that adaptive neuro fuzzy logic technique performed better in terms of reducing power losses compared to ANN technique. The percentage reduction in the power loss at the buses cumulatively is 48.96% for ANN while adaptive neuro fuzzy logic technique is 49.21%. The voltage profile of the networks after optimizing the DG location and sizes using adaptive neuro fuzzy logic technique were also found to be much improved with the lowest bus voltage improved from 0.9284 to 1.05pu.
Chemically Enhanced Primary
Authors: Abdel Fatah Mona Mohamed Amin , Al Bazedi Ghada A.
Published: February 2022

The Chemically enhanced process is considered to be a physicochemical technology for domestic wastewater treatment. The objective of this paper is to improve the efficiency of primary treatment processes and reducing the Hazardous Material and cost of the secondary treatment stage either by eliminating a biological treatment, where conditions and standards allow or by reducing the secondary treatment requirements. Analysis of physicochemical parameters as well as the treatment efficiency of aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride (FeCl3), lime (CaO), and seawater was used. The effect of pH and the coagulant dosages were studied as well as mixing and settling time. Conditions were optimized according to the removal efficiencies measured in terms of reduction in the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The optimum COD removal % was achieved at a settling time of 20 minutes, while at pH~6, alum gave a high turbidity % removal of approximately 90% at the dose of 70 mg/l. FeCl3 gave a high turbidity % removal of approximately 95% at the dose of 40 mg/l. Turbidity removal and TSS removal gave a similar pattern at a settling time of 10-20 minutes, where best results were achieved. The results also showed that at pH~4, FeCl3 gave high COD% removal of approximately 90% at the dose of 40 mg/l. By studying the effect of stirrers’ speed (rpm), the results showed that an increase in the mixing intensity, above 80 rpm decreases the removals of COD, Turbidity and TSS when using alum as a coagulant.
Structural Evaluation of Masonry Sewer Pipes Under Transverse Settlement Due to Tunneling
Authors: Heydarpour Parsa
Published: February 2022

The intention of this research is to perform structural evaluation on masonry sanitary sewer pipes impacted by tunnel excavation. Until about 1900, it was common to use several layers of brick to construct municipal sanitary sewer lines, and currently thousands of miles of brick sewer lines are still in service. The construction of new underground facilities inevitably disturbs the soil above and will have an impact on the existing masonry sanitary sewer pipes within the zone of influence of the excavation.  Masonry pipes are typically susceptible to the longitudinal interaction failure mechanism at the hogging zone of the settlement trough due to their low tensile capacity. In this research standard egg-shaped section for brick sewer were subjected to ground settlements obtained using Attewell method. The greenfield condition is assumed to be applicable with homogeneous ground conditions.  The impact of the depth to the tunnel axis and trough width parameter on the settlement trough and associated strains developed in the pipes are subjected to investigation. Tensile strain developed due to axial strain and bending moment are calculated for five different section sizes. Mitigation measures and recommendations are provided
Experience from ISM Code as Implementation Model for the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006
Authors: Igwe Icho Seimokomoh , Ogbonnaya Ezenwa Alfred , Ajoko Tolumoye John , Ombe ThankGod Moni
Published: February 2022

The International Safety Management Code (ISM Code) and the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC), 2006 are international regulatory instruments to provide standards for the safe management and operation of ships, protection of marine environment, and setting fort minimum working requirements for the welfare and working conditions of seafarers. For the ISM Code, its effective implementation depends mostly on the competence and continued commitment and motivation of individuals at all levels, and the outcome envisages the enhancement of a safety culture throughout the shipping industry. This paper attempts to establish correlations between the ISM Code and the MLC, 2006 in the provisions on objectives, legislative requirements, Flag State responsibilities, Port State responsibilities, health and safety protection, accident prevention and safety management, regular inspections and analysis of non-conformities and qualifications of seafarers. Based on these, a model to enhance the implementation of the MLC, 2006 by the relevant stakeholders in the maritime sector is developed patterned on the multi-stage model of the workings of the ISM Code developed by Trapford (2009). Although not very exhaustive, the literature reviewed on the experience of the ISM Code and the model proposed could reasonably apply for MLC, 2006 as the notions, goals and objectives of the both codes are anchored on the development of a safety culture – one emphasizing safe management culture and the other safe working conditions and welfare of the seafarers.
Mitigation of CO2 Emissions in Transportation and Industrial Processes using Renewable Energy Technologies
Authors: Akinyemi Toluwanimi Oluwadara , Ramonu Olayinka John
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on the mitigation of CO2 emissions in transportation and industrial processes using renewable energy technologies.  Carbon dioxide is a colourless, tasteless and odourless gas readily available in the earth’s atmosphere, produced naturally by all aerobic organisms. Increased human activities had created a huge gap between the volume of CO2 emitted into the environment and that absorbed by oceans and vegetations. Globally, the transportation sector has contributed more than seven billion, seven hundred and thirty-eight million metric tons of carbon dioxide from fuel combustion since 2015, while industrial processes also generate greenhouse gas emissions during chemical or physical transformation of raw materials from one state to another in their conversion into finished goods. Analysis suggested that the world can achieve 90% of the reduction in CO2 emissions needed to be within the Paris Agreement via an accelerated deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency, with the remaining 10% met by other low-carbon solutions.
Framework of ICT Implementation on Higher Educational Institution with Data Mining Approach
Authors: Raja Rohit , Pathak Sumati , Sharma Vaibhav , K. Ramya Laxmi
Published: February 2022

As the fundamental block of the modernised society, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), has brought changes in the principles and procedures of nearly all endeavours in education. The comprehensive changes in (ICT) have evolutionary effect on higher educational institutions on their domains of knowledge application. Hence integration of ICT is of great demand for improving efficiency of such institutions. Reports on researches reveal that the use of ICT makes students more involved in the process of learning than that with the conventional methods of learning. Therefore, it is necessary to concentrate more on implementing ICT in higher education in the view of providing easily available, inexpensive and high quality education. This paper proposes the design of ICT in higher educational institutions. On the other hand, a Sensible Data Mining (SDM) is designed by integrating both the data mining and technology for visualisation in order to apply it on the evaluation system of higher education. A sensible atmosphere can be provided for users using SDM throughout the entire steps involved in evaluation.
Cardinal Points Symmetry Landmarks Distribution Model for Segmentation of Region of Interest in Simulated B-Mode Ultrasound Carotid Artery Images
Authors: Udekwe Charles Nnamdi , Ponnle Akinlolu Adediran
Published: February 2022

Measurement accuracy and understanding of geometry of Common Carotid Artery (CCA) play an important role in carotid atherosclerosis assessment and management. In order to device techniques that can accurately analyze the effects of plaques on the carotid artery, a model that can sufficiently segment the Region of Interest (ROI) in the B-mode ultrasound image of carotid artery is needed. In this paper, a new Cardinal Points Symmetry Landmarks Distribution Model (CPS-LDM) to sufficiently segment the ROI in the carotid artery B-mode ultrasound imaged in the transverse plane is developed. The developed model employs a combination of fixed landmarks (FLs) and movable landmarks (MLs) to obtain the total landmarks (TLs) that can sufficiently segment the shape of the ROI of the carotid artery. Simulated ultrasound images are used. Four FLs are fixed on each of the four ROIs of the simulated carotid artery determined by the cardinal points North (N), South (S), East (E) and West (W) drawn on the ROIs of the carotid artery. The MLs are determined by the inter-cardinal directions such as North-East (NE), North-West (NW) and so on. The CPS-LDM equation developed allows us to visualize graphically the optimum number of points that can sufficiently segment the ROIs. ImageJ2 software was used to generate the Cartesian coordinates for each landmark which were then used to generate the Shape Space Pattern (SSP) of the carotid artery ready for further statistical analysis. The results showed that the CPS-LD model is sufficiently generic and adaptable to a variety of carotid artery B-mode ultrasound image simulated under different scenarios
Design of an Electronic Student Identification System Using RFID
Authors: Shaibu Farouq Eneuma , Ibrahim Tashiwa Emmanuel , Ale Felix
Published: February 2022

This project is based on designing of student identification system using RFID i.e. Radio Frequency Identification which is to fulfill broad range of purposes, least being an electronic student identification system focuses on academic and monitoring purposes, more also to address the problem when using the paper as student attendance such as cheating. The work provided the alternative way of interfacing a tag and a reader to get code of student’s card (tag) to compare with the database in Access, which is developed using Visual Basic 6.0 to make the database easier to access. When a student swipes his card on the reader, his information like student’s name, registration number, level, sex, and date of birth will show on interface if the code matched with database.
Design Aspects of Proposed Alternative Solutions for Tertiary Irrigation Canal
Authors: Abd-elmagied Mohamad Farouk , Abd-elhaleem Fahmy Salah
Published: February 2022

This study presents a five alternative systems for the protection of old lined mesqas. The main causes of damages were identified and the hydraulic calculations for mesqas were carried out. The suggested technical alternatives for old lined mesqas were; 1- U-shape reinforced concrete section under the ground level; 2- U-shape reinforced concrete section above the ground level; 3- Reinforced concrete pipe mesqa; 4- Fiber reinforced concrete lined mesqa; and 5- Grouted stone pitched lined mesqa. The design aspects of these five alternatives were analyzed and deliberated. The most promising alternative for protecting old lined mesqas is fiber reinforced concrete lining. Also, the grouted stone pitched lined mesqas economically recommended.
Isothermal Kinetic Investigation of the Water-Cations Interaction in Natural Clinoptilolite
Authors: Carotenuto Gianfranco
Published: February 2022

The kinetics of water adsorption by a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) sample has been investigated by high-frequency AC current intensity measurements. According to the achieved kinetic results, cations should play a relevant role in the clinoptilolite hydration, in fact most of adsorbed water stay in the cationic sites. The water molecules associate withcation one-by-one. In particular, the forced adsorption of water molecules in a wet atmosphere is a quite slow process, while water desorption in air or dry atmosphere is a spontaneous and fast process. The observed increase of cation mobility could be adequately explained by assuming an arrangement of water molecules between the cation and the negatively charged oxygens contained in the cationic site. Such molecular arrangement could increase the strength of both dipole-cation and hydrogen bond interactions.
Coefficient of Consolidation and Volume Change for 3-D Consolidation
Authors: El-Kasaby Elsayed Abdelfatah , Eissa Elnos Ali , Ab-Elmeged Mohamed Farouk , Abo-Shark Ahmed Adel
Published: February 2022

The settlement is the most serious problem of fine soil. This settlement is caused by a phenomenon called soil consolidation. Most previous studies were concerned with studying one (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) consolidation. That in some cases does not give a simulation of reality representation. It was necessary to study the three-dimensional (3-D) consolidation to simulate what happens to the fine soil in nature. Therefore, the consolidation behavior of four fine soils was studied in this paper. The studied soil samples were collected at the foundation levels of four different sites in El-Qalubia governorate, Egypt. A series of laboratory consolidation tests were carried out as one, two and three dimensional consolidation by using manufactured Oedometer apparatus. So, the effect of consolidation conditions (1-D, 2-D and 3-D) on consolidation coefficient (Cv) and volume change coefficient (mv) was investigated. Also, an empirical equation was correlated the relationship between Cv and mv.
Conceptual Framework for Organisation of River Basin Developmentand Management in Nigeria
Authors: Gana Bukar Abba , Abdulkadir Isah Funtua , Musa Hassan , Garba Tijjani
Published: February 2022

River Basin Development Authorities (RBDAs) in Nigeria were established since 1976 and they operate mechanized and capital intensive programmes. All the 12 RBDAs operate as separate Authorities, each with separate administrative and operational autonomy, but sharing the Basin Resources of the 8 Hydrological Areas. However, their performance was generally described as disappointing. This study first reviewed the existing organization of the 12 RBDAs in Nigeria. Thereafter, one of the 8 Hydrological Areas – the Komadugu-Yobe Basin (KYB) – which is the major inland drainage system in Nigeria was purposely selected for detailed study.  Information on its major streams, tributaries and the main river; the hydrological area as well as the RBDAs sharing resources of the basin area, was gathered using ArcGIS version 10.0 and Erdas Imagine 9.2 software, as well as topographical and hydrological maps. This was processed and analyzed based on the principles of Stream Ordering and Logical Framework Analysis. The findings revealed that in establishing the RBDAs, basin-wide consideration of their sphere of operation was not taken into account. Dams were constructed before establishing the RBDAs. Runoff waters and spill ways were poorly controlled leading to flooding during rainy season and reduced water supply downstream during dry season, with serious environmental and socio-economic problems in the basin area. It was concluded that the RBDAs in Nigeria were poorly organized and have consequently failed to accelerate agricultural and rural development, and have also failed to boost food and industrial crop production as expected. The need was established for effective organization of River Basin Development and Management to improve their performance. To achieve this, a Conceptual framework for Integrated River Basin Development and Management was developed for adoption by river basin managers and other relevant stakeholders in Nigeria and around the globe to improve performance.
An Efficient Elliptic Curve based Key Management Scheme for Distributed Sensor Networks
Authors: Chinniah Porkodi , Krishnamoorthi Sangavai
Published: February 2022

Distributed Sensor Networks are broadly used in many applications and key distribution is a challenging task. In this work, a key management scheme is developed for distributed sensor networks based on elliptic curve cryptography over prime field. Key distribution among the nodes and interactive as well as non interactive protocols for agreement of common secret key for message transmission between two nodes are discussed. The probability for connectivity of the network generated according to the proposed key distribution scheme is discussed in detail. The implementation of the proposed scheme is done using NetSim interfaced with MATLAB. Connectivity of the network is also checked through eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of the network.
Algorithm of Fully Fuzzy Cognitive Map Models
Authors: Ogunti Erastus O. , Somefun Oluwasegun A. , Terkura Benedict T. , Enoch Gideon E.
Published: February 2022

Precision in the real world is covered by imprecision and arithmetic operations serve as the foundations of computation. Since the introduction of Fuzzy Cognitive mapping, the dynamic model used to establish the fuzzy cognitive map, used conventional arithmetic operations on asymmetric fuzzy sets.Therefore, for a cognitive map, to be completely fuzzy, it should incorporate the use of fuzzy arithmetic and fuzzy numbers in describing the concept nodes and the cause-effect lines defining its structure. It then can be stated that the necessary and sufficient condition for a cognitive map to be fully fuzzy is that its dynamic activity or operation, be achieved only through fuzzy mathematics.This paper presents an introductory analysis into the peculiar design of the fully fuzzy structure of the cognitive map.
Analysis of Forest Vegetal Characteristics of Akure Forest Reserve from Optical Imageries and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data
Authors: Gbiri Isaac Adelakun , Idoko Isaac Arome , Okegbola Michael Oketunde , Oyelakin Latifat Olaide
Published: February 2022

Forest vegetal characteristics monitoring has a long tradition records with a success rate ranging from low to medium or high depends on the  application at the hands. Details information about the indication of association of phenomena as forest indicators, such forest gap, estate and forest status, provides high spatial resolution images. The aim of this study focuses on combining unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and satellite multispectral imaging along side by side to details forest parameter during the seasons. UAVs image at 0.15m appeared more detailed of having features such as rock, road, bare ground, riparian trees among others than that of Landsat OLI image, though the features such as rock, road, bare ground, and riparian forest were also seen on the image but it was poorly seen due to the coarse spatial resolution of 30 m. The 3-Dimensional of UAVs, relief pattern and contour from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission was also compared and this study further demonstrated on the advantages of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle data over established remotely sensed data which includes flying blow the cloud, high spatial resolution, flexibility, inexpensive of data acquisition, time effective, using video footage to detect human activities such as tree flora, burning and logging.
Stochastic Analysis of the Exchange Rate of Naira, YEN, GBP, CFA and FRANC in Relation to US Dollar and Predicting the Naira for the Year 2025
Authors: Kabari Ledisi Giok , Nwamae Believe B.
Published: February 2022

In Nigeria today, constant fluctuations of exchange rate or volatility is of great importance in one way or the other to the general public because its fluctuation has an effect on the economy. The objectives of the paper were to investigate the recent changes in the naira currency and other world currencies if there appear to be any relationship. Data was obtained from daily exchange rate of different countries’ currencies from 12/10/2005 and 2/11/2018 with 3,190 observations obtainable from the Data and statistics publication of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The study investigates the past recent changes in the naira and four foreign currencies of the world (Pounds, Yen, Cfa and Swiss Franc) and their relationship plotted as signal using MATLAB 2016a.  The four currencies were randomly selected from the list of world currencies. Multiple Linear Regression was used to perform the analysis. The analysis of 3,190 observation resulted in a prediction model that has 97% prediction accuracy, which suggests that under ideal circumstances and baring any natural disaster, total collapse of the economy or major crisis like recession.  The results from the model of this study suggest that fluctuation in currency exchange rate of other currencies has significance on the Nigerian exchange rate and as such should be considered when designing exchange rate policies.
Efficacy of Sterol-Inhibiting Fungicides on the Control of Scab Disease (Venturia Inaequalis) in Apple Tree
Authors: Shahinasi Edlira , Brahushi Ferdi
Published: February 2022

Apple scab, caused by Venturia Inaequalis is one of the most problematic diseases of apples in Korça region. The control of this disease requires different applications of fungicides. The aim of the study was the estimation of efficacy of sterol-inhibiting fungicides such as myclobutanil and penconazole on the control of scab disease. The effectiveness of fungicides was evaluated for two cultivars Golden Delicious and Starking and the minimum and the maximum recommended doses were applied. The obtained results showed that scab prevalence in leave ranges from 79.2% to 85.6% respectively in untreated trees of Golden Delicious and Starking cultivars. The scab prevalence of leaves in apples treated with pesticides ranges from 18.1% in Golden Delicious cultivar to 22.2% in Starking cultivar, meanwhile the scab prevalence in fruit varies from 4.2% in Starking cultivar to 6.1% in Golden Delicious cultivar.  The disease index of leave in untreated control varies from 38.4% to 40.1% respectively for Golden Delicious cultivar and Starking cultivar, while the severity of fruit in untreated trees varies from 45.6% in Starking cultivar to 49.0% in Golden cultivar. Therefore, the data showed that the uses of sterol-inhibiting fungicides were effective in the control of scab disease.
Effect of Moulding Pressure on Brake Lining Produced from Industrial Waste Material: Sawdust
Authors: Oladokun Taiwo Oseni , Stephen Joseph Temitope , Adebayo Adeyinka , Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua
Published: February 2022

In this study, asbestos-free brake lining was developed with sawdust. Sawdust was considered an alternative to asbestos, whose dust is carcinogenic. The sawdust from hard wood (mahogany and iroko trees) and other components such as abrasive, reinforcer, lubricant, were sieved into grade of 100 µm and used in production of brake linings. The percentages of sawdust for the samples are 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60. The percentages of abrasives (silicon carbides) were 27, 22, 17, 12 and 7, while binder (resins) lubricant (steel dust) and carbon black (reinforcer) were constant at 13%, 15% and 5% respectively on each sample. The molding pressure load was varied at 10 Mg, 20 Mg, 40 Mg, 60 Mg and 80 Mg during compression process. The brake lining properties examined are hardness, compressive strength and density. Also, the effects of molding pressure on these properties were evaluated. The results obtained show that the higher the molding pressure, the better the physical and mechanical properties. Furthermore, at high molding pressure, the properties reached a limiting point which they tend to be constant.  The brake linings based on sawdust were then compared with commercial (asbestos-based) brake lining and the results are in close agreement. Hence, sawdust can be effectively used as filler for replacement of asbestos in brake linings.
Investigation The Awareness of Farmers on Agricultural Health and Safety Rules About Pesticides in Sanliurfa/Turkey
Authors: Sahin Hasan , Anli Zehra
Published: February 2022

In this study, it is aimed to determine the awareness level and educational status of agricultural workers in Sanl?urfa countryside regarding agricultural occupational health and safety. The survey area is located in Sanl?urfa and the sample is composed of 140 farmers from 38 randomly selected villages. 30.88% of the farmers who were surveyed stated that there was redness and burning in the eyes after agricultural spraying. According to the results of the survey; 67.94% of the farmers did not receive agricultural spraying training, 61.36% did not receive first aid training and 72% of them did not receive occupational health and safety training. A statistically significant difference has been observed between the chi-square test for comparing the rates of problems after using the pesticide (P <0.01). According to this, the most common problems are eye redness and burning and at least three of these problems have been seen at the same time (59.55% of the total). The least experienced problems are breathing difficulties, fever, and vomiting. According to the Fisher's Exact test, those who received training in any of the educational subjects tend to take other training, while in the same way, they have attempted not to receive training in another subject that has not been trained in one of the educational subjects (P <0.01).
Improving the Properties of Pure Vegetable Oils to Use Directly in Diesel Engines
Authors: Truong Thanh Hai , Dong Thi Minh Hao
Published: February 2022

Some typical types of biofuels widely known today include: bioethanol (bioetanol), biodiesel (biodiesel), green diesel (diesel), biological kerosene (biokerosen-or reactive fuel). biological forces), other biological alcohols (methanol, butanol), bio ether, biogas, synthetic gas, solid biomass fuel. In fact, the two most important biofuels are bioetanol and biodiesel, because of the many properties they have: use for the two most common types of vehicles (gasoline and motor vehicles). diesel engine); has many properties similar to fossil fuels, but cleaner and cleaner; produced from abundant and renewable materials such as sugar, starch and animal and vegetable fats and oils. The paper presents results obtained from a method applied for improving the properties of pure bio-oil aiming a direct use as a fuel in conventional diesel engines. Some typical properties such as high viscosity, high surface tension, high density and high cloud point are considered to be improved within this study. Characteristics of the viscosity, density and the surface tension versus fuel temperature are established. Findings of this study provide a basis for calculation and design a heating system of bio-oil fuel and for improving some typical properties of this fuel in order to use directly in diesel engines of small generator sets or diesel engines used in agriculture, forestry fields or in small boats.
Detection Analysis of Leaks in Gas Processing Plant
Authors: Green Ibim Abba , Uugoji Kelechi U.
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study is to analyse the detection of fluid leaks and measures that can ensure safe operation of the gas processing facilities. This will mitigate the operational, environmental and financial risks associated with gas processing activities. The study used Hydrostatic Pressure test to analyse newly manufactured pressure systems. Existing pressure systems were also pressure tested. The analysis directly surveyed, identified and quantified the leaks. Data from previous leaks were also investigated to identify the components that are most likely to leak and profitable to repair. The experimental analysis showed that a larger percentage of gas emissions are from smaller irregular cuts in components such as Pipelines, Valves, Heat Exchangers, Connectors, Compressor seals, Open-ended lines, Flanges, Crankcase vents, Pressure relief devices, and Pump seals.

 

Index Terms— Leaks; Pressure test; Detection; Data; Gas Emission.
Influence of Different Nano Materials on Mechanical Properties of Plain Concrete
Authors: Abd-elmagied Mohamad Farouk
Published: February 2022

This research aims to study the influences of three types of Nano materials on concrete compressive strength, considered Nano types were Nano-Iron Oxide Fe2O3 (NF), Nano-Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 (NM), and Nano-Silica SiO2 (NS). A constant concrete mix and water content were considered. The used percentages of different types of (NF, NM, and NS) that replaced by the cement content were (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0%) of mixture weight (wt). The results demonstrated that the (NS) Nano type has better effect than other types on the concrete compressive strength.
HOMER Analysis of the Feasibility of Solar Power for GSM Base Transceiver Stations Located in Rural Areas
Authors: Akpama Eko James , Uno Godwin Ukam
Published: February 2022

The recent explosion in the deployment of cellular networks across the globe has brought two very pertinent issues to the forefront of academic and technical discuss: the energy cost of running the networks, and the associated environmental impact. Cellular networks have made the greatest impact in developing countries where availability of electric power is mostly unreliable. Telecommunication networks on the other hand, are critical infrastructures which require assured power 24/7, and this power is provided at very great financial cost and damaging exchanges with the environment. In all, renewable energy technology appears to hold the most reliable solution to this lingering impasse. The authors in this paper used the HOMER® software to access or demonstrate the feasibility of deploying solar PV in providing power for BTS in rural areas as a long term solution to the near absence of grid electricity in rural areas.
Numerical Analysis of Effect of Leading-Edge Rotating Cylinder on NACA0021 Symmetric Airfoil
Authors: Salam Md. Abdus , Deshpande Vikram , Khan Nafiz Ahmed , Ali M. A. Taher
Published: February 2022

The moving surface boundary control (MSBC) has been a Centre stage study for last 2-3 decades. The preliminary aim of the study was to ascertain whether the concept can improve the airfoil characteristics. Number of experimental and numerical studies pointed out that the MSBC can superiorly enhance the airfoil performance albeit for higher velocity ratios (i.e. cylinder tangential velocity to free stream velocity). Although abundant research has been undertaken in this area on different airfoil performances but no attempt was seen to study effect of MSBC on NACA0021 airfoil for and also effects of lower velocity ratios. Thus, present paper focusses on numerical study of modified NACA 0021 airfoil with leading edge rotating cylinder for velocity ratios (i.e.) between 1 to 1.78 at different angles of attack. The numerical study indicates that the modified airfoil possess better aerodynamic performance than the base airfoil even at lower velocity ratios (i.e. for velocity ratios 0.356 and beyond). The study also focusses on reason for improvement in aerodynamic performance by close look at various parameters.
Dual band Stepped Impedance Interdigital Microstrip Filter for LTE Bands
Authors: Johnson William , Nunes Cavin Roger , Dias Savio Sebastian , Parab Siddhi Suresh , Hatkar Varsha Shantaram
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a dual band microstrip bandpass filter has been proposed utilizing three edge coupled resonators, interdigital stubs and DGS technique. To enhance the coupling degree, two interdigital coupled feed lines are employed in this filter. The suppressing cell consists of stepped impedance ladder type resonators, which provides a wide stopband. The proposed suppressing cell has clear advantages like low insertion loss in the passband and suitable roll off. The frequency response of the filter looks like a standard dual band band-pass filter. The filter exhibits a dual passband with resonant frequencies at 2.2GHz and 3.45GHz covers LTE1 and LTE22 bands.
Study of Nonreciprocal Coupled Ferrite-Dielectric Image Guide Structure for Ka-band
Authors: Arestova Iliyana Ilieva
Published: February 2022

The nonreciprocal coupled ferrite-dielectric image guide structure with the same geometry as in our previous experimental investigation has been studied numerically by finite element method in the frequency range 26–40 GHz. The ferrite element in the experiment has been inhomogeneously magnetized by using a disk-shaped permanent magnet, whose diameter is comparable with the length of the ferrite bar.  Recently, we have modelled the ferrite element as homogeneously magnetized perpendicularly to the ground plane and the direction of propagation. This homogeneous magnetization represents first approximation of the real inhomogeneous one. Here we have extended the numerical examination of the nonreciprocity and as a result we have proposed a procedure for designing isolators with inhomogeneous magnetization. Also, we have investigated the influence of several parameters – permanent magnetic field strength and three ferrite material parameters (saturation magnetization, relative dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss tangent) on the nonreciprocal behavior of the coupled ferrite-dielectric structure.
Derivation of Explicit Augmented Spline Finite Strip Matrix Using Mixed Formulation For Plate Bending
Authors: Ahmed Abdarrhim Mohammed , Barony Saleh Y.
Published: February 2022

Although Spline finite strip method for the analysis of plate bending based on a mixed variational formulation principle , using a variety B-Spline series as interpolation function  was widely used in researches , the explicit form of the Augmented Matrix  nowhere  given. This leads to some difficulties concerning the verification and understanding the published results. The main objective of this paper is to introduce this matrix in abbreviated size through a detailed review of the mixed formulation for different spline finite strip models. The derived matrix will be helpful subject of research future work  as it is examined by the time, reveals a very good accordance results compared with the analytical and published solutions of different plate bending problems as the reader can verified.