bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel laser-based metasurface fabrication process for transparent conducting surfaces
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Li Bao-jia , Toor Fatima , Ding Hongtao
Published: April 2019

Transparent conducting film provides key functions for various optoelectronic devices. Existing manufacturing processes of a transparent conducting film are usually very costly in terms of materials or processing time. The goal of this research is to develop a new surface engineering method for low-cost and high-throughput fabrication of large-size, transparent conducting glass windows. A novel laser-based metasurface fabrication process is presented in this work, which comprises two steps: (1) evaporating the glass substrate by an ultrathin metal film with a thickness on the order of 10 nm and (2) laser patterning the coated surface using a nanosecond pulsed laser (1064 nm wavelength) with a typical feature size of hundreds of micrometers. During the second step of the laser scanning process using an appropriate pulse energy density, the metal film absorbs most of the laser pulse energy and is patterned through laser material ablation, while little damage will be induced on the substrate since its absorptivity at the laser wavelength is low. Experimental results have shown that a transparent conducting film with an average visible transmittance of ∼67% and a sheet resistance of ∼20 Ω/sq can be successfully fabricated. Compared with the other existing methods, this novel laser surface patterning process significantly improves the processing efficiency and reduces the production cost that renders practical treatment of glass materials or transparent ceramics to produce transparent conducting surfaces.
COOKING CLASSES AS A NEW GASTRONOMIC TOURISM PRODUCT
Authors: Litavniece Lienite , Silicka Inese , Dembovska Iveta
Published: April 2019

Tourism development contributes to the development of countries and regions. Gastronomic tourism, organization of culinary master courses, inclusion of special meals in the tourist offer can contribute to the diversification, originality and competitiveness of regional tourist offers. The aim of the study is to examine culinary master workshops as a gastronomic tourist product. The research shows that master culinary courses are offered mainly in the capital, their supply is limited in other regions, and information about organized master classes is missing.
BUSINESS PROCESSES EVALUATION WITH THE SUPPORT AND ENSURING OF ENTERPRISE ECONOMIC SECURITY
Authors: Mishchuk Ievgeniia , Serdiuk Olha
Published: April 2019

The development potential of any enterprise is due to its economic security. Support for economic security should be implemented with the help of reliable tools for monitoring and evaluating the efficiency level of its system mechanisms. Ensuring economic security will be as stable as possible if the reference points that indicate the optimal trajectory of business processes control are able to take into account all significant influence factors. Such reference points are indicators for evaluating business operations and economic security. It is important for the indicator to have in its structure all the significant influence factors. The criteria of business processes functioning efficiency used as such reference points have been analyzed in the paper. Main universal influence factors that have to be present in the business process and economic security assessment indicator expression are identified.
The definitions of a business process are analyzed, the key characteristics of the definitions are identified, and the author's vision of the essence of the concept is proposed in the light of the prospects for further research.
ASPECTS OF TRAINING BACHELORS IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION (COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES)
Authors: Tkachuk Viktoriia , Sulyma Tetiana , Tarasova Olena , Khotskina Svitlana
Published: April 2019

The present multi-aspect research into training future vocational teachers of the first (bachelor) cycle of higher education and the increased status of forming a creative mobile specialist on the labour market is focused on regulatory content aspects to ensure high-quality vocational training at Ukraine’s universities. The number of licensed, state-ordered and enrolled students specializing in vocational education (Speciality 015) for the last three years is compared. The research reveals the essence of integrated vocational and pedagogical training of students pursuing a bachelor’s degree in Speciality 015 “Vocational Education (Computer Technologies)”.
The educational programme of training contains 240 credits. There are described specialized laboratories for training students pursuing a bachelor’s degree in Speciality 015 “Vocational Education (Computer Technologies)” at Kryvyi Rih National University. There are provided programme results of training students pursuing a bachelor’s degree in Speciality 015 “Vocational Education (Computer Technologies)” and relevant competences. To diagnose maturity levels of each competence (low, medium, high) of future teachers of vocational training (IT specialists), cognitive, operation-technological, axiological and motivational criteria are determined. Special attention is paid to a number of topical problems of updating the content of specialists’ training in the field under study.
POLITENESS PHENOMENON
Authors: Kornielaieva Yevheniia
Published: April 2019

The present article deals with the problem of human interaction which serves the subject of such sciences as linguistics, pragmatics as well as psychology, sociology, anthropology, so on. Human interaction is also studied within Politeness Theory once developed by P. Brown and St. Levinson. Politeness Theory has become quite influential as it is aimed at redressing of offences to a person’s self-image, or face, by face-threatening acts. According to P. Brown and St. Levinson, politeness is a universal concept. It is the powerful means that helps the speaker to express his intentions and mitigate face threats carried by his face-threatening acts to the listener. Therefore, politeness makes it possible for the speaker to save his own face and the face of his partner of communication. In other words, politeness ensures the rights of communicants not to be interfered with and to be approved of. These rights make up positive and negative face of a communicant. Positive face implies the interactant’s desire to be appreciated and to be approved of while negative face presents the want to be unimpeded by others. These two related aspects determine the strategies of positive and negative politeness that are aimed at reinforcing the positive image of a communicant and at preserving their independence. On the whole, politeness provide mutual comfort and harmonious flow of human interaction. The same idea is supported by G. Leech, G. Kasper, B. Fraser, P. Grice who develops Cooperative Principle of polite communication. Being a universal concept politeness is realised through a set of strategies. The author of the article calls such point of view on politeness “western-oriented”. As for Russian and Ukrainian linguists, they see politeness as speech etiquette which is released in speech formulae. Choosing this or that speech etiquette formula, communicants establish, support and terminate the contact in accordance with socially accepted rules of conversation, thus, making their interaction pleasant and friendly. Politeness is not regarded as a set of strategies, but only as politeness formulae.
MONITORING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR CHANGES IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Akilina Olena , Zhyltsov Oleksii , Mykhatska Alla
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this article is to elaborate means of intellectualizing management of changes in higher educational institutions, analysis of monitoring components as one of the tools for managing system of higher education, identifying problems of its organization and implementation. In the course of the research, we used the following methods: the method of expert assessments; document analysis; analysis of structural divisions work experience; sociological methods: observation, questioning. Every higher educational institution depending to their self-organization creates the internal monitoring model, that is, in any case, an integral system, which, in our opinion, should comprise the following components: purpose; task; requirements; object and subjects, monitoring criteria. Priority in this research is given to "consumer monitoring".
SECURITY ASPECT OF STRATEGIZING NATIONAL ECONOMY
Authors: Kyrylenko Volodymyr , Kotenok Andrii
Published: April 2019

The article substantiates the objective necessity for introducing strategizing to ensure the effectiveness of structural reform of the national economy. The main characteristics of strategizing, which are hypothetically capable of providing the prerequisites for effective structural changes in the national economy, are identified A list of basic tasks has been given, the solution of these tasks should provide the mechanism for strategizing the structural reform of the national economy. The approaches to improving the use of strategizing in achieving structural policy goals are suggested. It has been found that when new directions of development emerge and form, globalization creates unfavorable conditions for the economic security of the state. The current state of economic development makes it necessary to take into account these challenges in order to ensure stable development and competitiveness of the national economy of Ukraine. The internal and external threats that cause insufficient stability of the economy and results in a decrease in the economic security of our state are characterized. The most important national economic interests are presented the realization of which may lead to well-being and prosperity of the nation.Some ways of improving the economic security policy have been proposed.
SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF THE ACMEOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE PROCESS OF TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Authors: Mamurov Bakhodir
Published: April 2019

The article refreshes the acmeological approach to the process of training and education as one of the important aspects of educational technology. The socially pedagogical significance of the acmeologic approach to the improvement of the pedagogical skills is revealed
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ITS DEVELOPMENT POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Andrejeva Sabine , Zubule Erika , Znotina Daina
Published: April 2019

Social entrepreneurship promotes not only business development but also social and economic processes in the country. This means investing not only in economic development, but also reducing social problems in parallel. The aim of the study is to assess the role of social entrepreneurship in the social and economic context. The most important novelty of the study may be the assessment of the possibilities of development of social entrepreneurship in Latvia, updating the main aspects of its provision.
PREREQUISITES OF EFFECTIVE LEARNING OF PROFESSIONAL TERMINOLOGY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF TEACHING BUSINESS ENGLISH FOR ECONOMICS STUDENTS
Authors: Dzevytska Larysa , Romanenko Oksana
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the prerequisites of the effective assimilation of business terms in learning business English of masters in economic specialties. The approaches to studying business terminology are revealed and the signs of business terms are defined. The examples of exercises directed to successful assimilation of economic terms according to their signs in the context of teaching English of professional orientation are given. The role of studying business terminology in the formation of language competences of students of economic specialties is noted.
INNOVATIVE TEACHING AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR TEACHING PROFESSIONAL LANGUAGE AT ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Cheremska Olga , Sukhenko Viktoriia , Khodarieva Iryna
Published: April 2019

The article contains characteristics of the content and structure of teaching guidelines “The Ukrainian language (for professional purposes)”, “The Ukrainian language of science, analytical sphere and management” and textbook on the Ukrainian language (for professional purposes) for HEI students that study economic disciplines. The questions connected with innovative approaches to forming students’ competencies in the process of learning philological disciplines in an economic institution.
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF THE ETHANOL AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS FROM THE NEEDLES OF JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS
Authors: Klepach Halyna , Voloshanska Svitlana , Kovalchuk Halyna , Stopa Aniela
Published: April 2019

The authors have tested different methods for preparing ethanol and aqueous extracts from the needles of the natural forms of the common juniper and researched some of their biologically active properties. They found 70% ethanol to be the best extractor of bioactive substances from the needles of the common juniper in contrast to 50% and 30% ethanol. They prove that the optimal way to obtain alcohol extracts is crushing the needles of the common juniper to linear sizes: 0.5-2 mm and to infuse in 70 % of ethanol for at least 20 days. Alcohol extracts obtained in this way (10%, g/g) contain polyphenols in the mass concentration of 0.40±0.02 mg/g biomass, ascorbic acid – 1.66±0.1 μg/g of mass and have weak antibacterial properties in relation to the microbiological test culture Escherihia coli, but not in relation to Streptococcus epidermis. A simple and at the same time optimal method to obtain aqueous extracts (10%, g/g) is boiling the uncrushed pieces of J. communis in water for 5 minutes. The aqueous extracts obtained by boiling of both crushed and uncrushed raw materials do not have an antibacterial action on the microbial test cultures.
Conectividad en redes inalámbricas de área personal utilizando Arduino y componentes electrónicos / Connectivity in Personal Area Wireless Networks Using Arduino and Electronic Components
Authors: Hernández Mendoza César Manuel , Serrano Rubio Juan Pablo , De los Reyes Quiroz Fernando
Published: April 2019

En la carrera de Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales del Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato existen materias como Principios Eléctricos, Programación de Dispositivos Móviles y Fundamentos de Telecomunicaciones en las que la tecnología bluetooth tiene un papel trascendental, pues gracias a esta un profesionista del área puede solventar diversos problemas de conectividad inalámbrica local a un precio accesible y de manera eficaz. En algunas ocasiones, sin embargo, el estudiante podía verse obligado a limitar sus habilidades cuando el temario avanzaba y tenía que desarrollar prácticas de conectividad inalámbrica de mayor complejidad, por lo que recurría continuamente a fuentes de información en Internet que no garantizaban confiabilidad en la información expuesta, o bien evitaba investigar y desarrollar sus propios programas al descargar herramientas o aplicaciones genéricas de terceros en la Play Store, los cuales no eran los más adecuados o no se adaptaban a las necesidades técnicas de sus componentes.En el contexto planteado, los aprendices no lograban dominar el fundamento técnico necesario al utilizar código y programación de páginas de Internet que eran aplicados a sensores y actuadores con los que no contaban, debido a la gran variedad que existe en el mercado, lo que repercutía en su rendimiento académico. Por lo que estudiantes y profesores desarrollaron una guía técnica para ayudar al alumno a realizar prototipos con transmisión de datos y reforzar aquellos conocimientos donde la tecnología bluetooth es un común denominador y así pueda aplicar las competencias específicas de las materias mencionadas.Como resultado se ha logrado que los estudiantes trabajen en equipo fomentando el liderazgo, se han creado hábitos de estudio técnico-prácticos y elaborado prototipos sustentando la solución del algún problema citado. Además, se han generado apps de código abierto y fomentado la constante participación en eventos académicos, lo que ha traído la obtención de primeros lugares y algunas patentes, todo lo cual ha contribuido a mejorar su rendimiento académico.
Rise of China and Russian-Chinese Rapprochement
Authors: Salitsky A. I. , Semenova N. K.
Published: April 2019

By the mid-2010’s China has continued to impress the world with high economic dynamics, major achievements in social transformation, development of science and technology. The fifth generation of Chinese leaders is determined to offer the country a serious update that signifies, as authors believe, a transition to a new stage of evolution. This stage is characterized by accomplishment of modernization and transition to intensive development, consumer, techno-scientific and ecological revolution. Global economic expansion is an integral part of the new reality.China’s global expansion is of complex nature including credit and overseas investment. Initially it was started by the state after accession to WTO and becomes both more intensive and natural with accomplishment of modernization. At the same time, Beijing stresses the need of self-reliance, particularly in technology. Although in new century China’s expansion to the growing extent was based on economic and market forces including prospering population, by the mid-2010’s it met sharp opposition in the West, notably, the US. That confirmed the notion of emerging new bipolarity in international relations.Moving closer to China, Russia reacted peacefully to Chinese expansion, moreover, a vision of deepening mutual interaction has formed at the political level. This interaction includes multilateral format including countries of Central Asia, interconnection of Eurasian Economic Union with the “Belt and Road” Initiative.
The Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace: an Outdated Concept or Format for the Future?
Authors: Kupriianov A. V.
Published: April 2019

The article considers the origins and current perspectives of the concept of the “Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace” (IOZOP). It was formed within the framework of the Non-Aligned Movement in the 1960s and early 1970s. The concept was supported by the countries of the Indian Ocean Region as the opportunity to avoid the transformation of the Indian Ocean into a zone of conflict between the great powers. Initially formulated very vaguely, in the end the IOZOP concept was reduced mainly to the requirement for non-regional powers to stop testing weapons and deployment of military forces and assets on the islands of the Indian Ocean. Despite the proclamation of the Indian Ocean as a zone of peace by UNGA in 1971, the Western powers ignored this decision, refusing to withdraw its militaryforces and bases from the region. The subsequent disagreements between the regional actors, some of which feared increasing India’s power, and the dramatic change in the political situation in the world led lto a decline in interest in this idea. However, in 2014, India, and Sri Lanka expressed their readiness to put this issue on the agenda again. The author analyzes the history of origin and attempts to realize the concept of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace, the reasons for its failure, highlights the positions of the main countries concerned, key moments that hinder and contribute to the formation of a zone of peace. He concludes that under current conditions, the IOZOP concept can be implemented in an updated form as part of a potential ocean management structure that could be formed on the basis of regional structures such as IORA and IONS.
Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis Untuk Analisis Potensi Alat dan Mesin Pertanian Kabupaten Lampung Tengah
Authors: Setiawan Dodi , Amin Mohamad , Asmara Sandi , Ridwan Ridwan
Published: April 2019

Penerapan alat dan mesin pertanian (alsintan) merupakan salah satu upaya mewujudkan kedaulatan pangan di Indonesia. Alsintan dinilai mampu meningkatkan produksi pertanian dengan mempercepat pekerjaan petani hingga mengurangi kehilangan hasil panen saat proses panen maupun pasca panen. Dalam penerapan alsintan dibutuhkan adanya proses analisis untuk mengetahui potensi wilayah dan potensi jumlah yang dapat diterapkan dan penambahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan objek penelitian kabupaten Lampung Tengah dan 3 (tiga) alsintan yaitu Traktor Roda Dua, Rice Transplanter, dan Combine Harvester, dengan tujuan mengetahui potensi wilayah penerapan dan potensi jumlah yang dapat diterapkan dan ditambahkan dengan menggunakan software ARCGIS 10.3. Metode yang digunakan adalah Overlay/tumpang susun dan skoring dengan data spasial berupa peta kemiringan lereng, peta jenis tanah, dan peta curah hujan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa mayoritas lahan sawah di Lampung Tengah masuk dalam kategori Potensi Wilayah II (Dua) yaitu 92,76% sedangkan sisanya adalah Potensi Wilayah I (satu) ada 7,24%, dan Potensi Wilayah III (tiga) tidak ada atau 0%. Untuk potensi jumlah penerapan terbanyak adalah Rice Transplanter yaitu 22.321 unit dengan potensi penambahan 22.171 unit. Traktor Roda Dua memiliki potensi penerapan sebanyak 10.147 unit dengan potensi penambahan 4.369 unit. Combine Harvester memiliki potensi penerapan sebanyak 3.190 unit dengan potensi penambahan 3.155 unit.
Trend and spatial variability of 1-day extreme rainfall from 1980 - 2015: study at the adminisitrative area of UPT PSDA Pasuruan
Authors: Indarto Indarto
Published: April 2019

This study aims to analyze trends,  shift and spatial variability of extreme-rainfall in the area of UPT PSDA Pasuruan. The daily rainfall data from 64 stations from 1980 until 2015 were used as main input. The 1-day extreem rainfall data is determined as the maximum annual of 24-hour rainfall events.  The statistical  analysis using Mann-Kendall, Rank-Sum, and Median Crossing Test using significance level α = 0,05. The spatial variability of extrem rainfall data is described using average annual 24-hour rainfall during the periods of record. Each station is represented by one value. The values are then interpolated using IDW interpolation methods to maps the spatial variability of extreem rainfall event.  The results show the value of statistical test for each stations that show the existing  trend, shift, or randomness of data. The result also produce thematic maps show the spatial variability of extreme rainfall and the value of each trend.
Predisposing factors analysis of mandibular anterior tooth crowding in the mixed dentition period by the tooth size and dental arch width
Authors: Indriyanti Ratna , Efendi Sjarief Hidajat , Maskoen Ani Melani , Riyanti Eriska
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Tooth crowding can cause complaints if not treated early — this condition resulting in aesthetic disorders, and also masticatory and speech function disruption. The study was aimed to determine the predisposing factors of tooth crowding in the mixed dentition period by the tooth size and dental arch width. Methods: Research type was random cross-sectional. The sample was as much as 29 children with mandibular casting; then the mandibular model cast of these 6 – 9-years old children were divided into two groups according to the crowding condition in the mandibular anterior region, and the measurement was performed afterwards. Space available category was (A/A1), mesiodistal width of mandibular incisor (B/B1), total arch length (C/C1), intercanine width (D/D1), first primary intermolar width (E/E1), second primary intermolar width (F/F1), first permanent intermolar width (G/G1), interalveolar width (H/H1). Result: The results of the t-test showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the available space for 4 incisors, where the space was larger in the non-crowded group with a difference of 2.22 mm and the mesiodistal sizes of these 4 incisors was larger in the crowded teeth group, with the difference of 1.8 mm. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed a positive relationship to several measurements, namely D to C1, E to D1 and H to B1, C1, D1, F1 and G1, with the t-value > 3 and the r-value was closer to 1, which showed a correlation with strong closeness degree (r > 0.61). Conclusion: Predisposing factors of tooth crowding in the mixed dentition period were the first intercanine width (D), first primary intermolar width (E), and alveolar arch width (H).Keywords: Tooth crowding, arch dimension, mixed dentition period.
Evaluation of the Final Time and Velocity of a 100 m Run Under the Realistic Conditions
Authors: Janjić Nataša , Kapor Darko , Doder Dragan , Savić Igor
Published: April 2019

The aim of the research was to provide an analytical expression for the final time and velocity at the 100 m run, taking into account realistic conditions of the run, more precisely the effect of the wind and resistance of the medium (air). Combining the polynomial model for the distance vs time with the solution of the algebraic cubic equation, such an analytical expression was derived. The expression allowed to evaluate the dependence of the final time of the race on the wind velocity. This enabled the quantification of the time effect of the mentioned influences on the final time and velocity. It is possible to calculate the dependence of the sprinter’s velocity on expired running time for various wind velocities (from 0 up to ± 10 m/s) as well as determine the maximal running velocity vmax and corresponding time moment tmax. The results obtained were verified using split time data for six top sprinters: C. Lewis, M. Green, U. Bolt and F. Griffith-Joyner, E. Ashford and H. Drechsler. The results confirmed that it was possible to quantify the time effect of the influence of the wind velocity and resistance of the medium on the final time of the 100 m run. Although the applicability of the approach was tested using the data concerning top sprinters, the mathematical expressions involved are simple enough to be used by any coach to estimate the results of a sprinter under various weather conditions.
The Inter-Session Reliability of Isometric Force-Time Variables and the Effects of Filtering and Starting Force
Authors: Moir Gavin L. , Getz Aaron , Davis Shala E. , Marques Mário , Witmer Chad A.
Published: April 2019

The purposes of the present study were to assess the inter-session reliability of force-time variables recorded during isometric back squats and also to assess the effects of applying a filter to the data prior to analysis and assess the effects of different starting force thresholds on the force-time variables. Eleven resistance trained men (age: 22.5 ± 1.9 years; body mass: 90.3 ± 13.5 kg) attended two sessions where they performed isometric squats on force plates allowing the determination of force-time variables of maximal isometric force (Fmax) and different measures of the rate of force development (RFD). The force-time variables were calculated from both raw and filtered force signals. The start of the force application was determined using force thresholds of 1% or 5% of body mass (BM). Inter-session reliability for the force-time measures was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the measures. The ICC and CV ranged from 0.03 to 0.96 and 4.6 to 168%, respectively. The application of the filter significantly reduced Fmax and peak RFD (p < 0.004) and increased the reliability of the peak RFD. The use of the 5% BM threshold increased the magnitude of many of the RFD measures (p < 0.004) and resulted in slight improvements in the reliability of these measures although the resulting temporal shift in the force-time signal would preclude accurate assessment of the early phase of the RFD (< 100 ms). The use of a 1% BM starting force threshold without a filter is recommended when using the isometric back squat protocol presented here. Furthermore, the RFD calculated within specific time intervals is recommended
The Glycemic Index of Sport Nutrition Bars Affects Performance and Metabolism During Cycling and Next‐Day Recovery
Authors: Kaviani Mojtaba , Chilibeck Philip D. , Jochim Jennifer , Gordon Julianne , Zello Gordon A.
Published: April 2019

Low-glycemic index carbohydrates are potentially better for endurance performance as they result in greater fat oxidation and lower carbohydrate oxidation due to lower insulin release. We compared the effects of pre-exercise feeding with a low-glycemic index lentil-based sports nutrition bar, a commercially-available sports nutrition bar with moderate-glycemic index, and a non-caloric placebo on metabolism and performance during endurance cycling (Trial 1). Using a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design, endurance-trained individuals (n = 11; eight males; 26 ± 6y; VO2peak 51.4 ± 1.6 mL/kg/min) consumed 1.5 g/kg available carbohydrate from a lentil bar and a moderate-glycemic index bar, as well as a placebo, 1h before endurance cycling (75 min at 65% VO2peak, followed by a 7 km time trial). We also compared post-exercise consumption of the low-glycemic index bar with another moderate-glycemic index bar on next-day exercise performance as an assessment of recovery (Trial 2). In Trial 1, fat or carbohydrate oxidation rates were not different between the bar conditions (p > 0.05). Blood lactate was lower during the low- versus the moderate-glycemic index condition after 75 minutes of cycling (2.6 versus 4.0 mmol/L, p < 0.05) and at the end of the time trial (7.4 versus 9.1 mmol/L, p < 0.05). Time trial performance improved (p < 0.05) after consumption of the low- (574 ± 55 s) and moderate-glycemic index (583 ± 59 s) bars compared to the placebo (619 ± 81 s). In Trial 2 (next-day recovery), performance improved (p < 0.05) with the low-glycemic index bar (547 ± 42 s) compared to the moderate-glycemic index bar (569 ± 42 s) and the placebo (566 ± 34 s). Low- and moderate-glycemic index sports nutrition bars improved cycling exercise performance; however, only the low-glycemic index bar improved next day performance.
Training Loads, Wellness And Performance Before and During Tapering for a Water-Polo Tournament
Authors: Botonis Petros G. , Toubekis Argyris G. , Platanou Theodoros I.
Published: April 2019

We investigated the effectiveness of a short-duration training period including an overloaded (weeks 1 and 2) and a reduced training load period (weeks 3 and 4) on wellness, swimming performance and a perceived internal training load in eight high-level water-polo players preparing for play-offs. The internal training load was estimated daily using the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and session duration (session-RPE). Perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality, stress level and mood) were assessed daily. Swimming performance was evaluated through 400-m and 20-m tests performed before (baseline) and after the end of weeks 2 and 4. In weeks 3 and 4, the internal training load was reduced by 19.0 ± 3.8 and 36.0 ± 4.7%, respectively, compared to week 1 (p = 0.00). Wellness was improved in week 4 (20.4 ± 2.8 AU) compared to week 1 and week 2 by 16.0 ± 2.2 and 17.3 ± 2.9 AU, respectively (p =0.001). At the end of week 4, swimming performance at 400-m and 20-m tests (299.0 ± 10.2 and 10.2 ± 0.3 s) was improved compared to baseline values (301.4 ± 10.9 and 10.4 ± 0.4 s, p < 0.05) and the overloading training period (week 2; 302.9 ± 9.0 and 10.4 ± 0.4 s, p < 0.05). High correlations were observed between the percentage reduction of the internal training load from week 4 to week 1 (-25.3 ± 5.5%) and the respective changes in 20-m time (-2.1 ± 2.2%, r = 0.88, p < 0.01), fatigue perception (39.6 ± 27.1%), muscle soreness (32.5 ± 26.6%), stress levels (25.6 ± 15.1%) and the overall wellness scores (28.6 ± 21.9%, r = 0.74-0.79, p < 0.05). The reduction of the internal training load improved the overall perceived wellness and swimming performance of players. The aforementioned periodization approach may be an effective training strategy in the lead-up to play-off tournaments.
Multi- to Single-Joint or the Reverse Exercise Order does not Affect Pectoralis Major Workout Performance
Authors: Senna Gilmar Weber , Willardson Jeffrey Michael , Scudese Estevão , Simão Roberto , de Oliveira Cristiano Queiroz , de Oliveira Lima Jadson , Silva-Grigoletto Marzo Edir Da , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of multi- to single-joint or the reverse exercise order on repetition performance and perceived exertion for the pectoralis major. Fourteen trained men (24.05 ± 4.17 yrs, 78.85 ± 3.51 kg, 175.42 ± 4.01 cm) underwent two different training sequences (SEQ1 and SEQ2). In SEQ1, all subjects performed 5 sets for maximal repetitions, with a 2-min rest interval, of the bench press followed by the machine chest fly with 10 repetitions maximum load. In SEQ2, the same procedures were repeated, but with the reverse order. The t-test did not show any differences (p = 0.140) in total workout repetitions between SEQ1 (62.22 ± 11.00 repetitions) and SEQ2 (55.40 ± 8.51 repetitions). Conversely, the total repetition number for the bench press exercise was significantly greater (p = 0.001) following SEQ1 (34.36 ± 4.68 repetitions) compared to SEQ2 (25.85 ± 6.73 repetitions). In contrast, the total repetition number for the machine chest fly exercise following SEQ2 was significantly greater (p = 0.001) (33.50 + 4.11 repetitions) compared to SEQ1 (27.85 ± 6.52 repetitions). Despite no significant differences found for the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) values between SEQ1 and SEQ2 for the barbell bench press in all sets (p ≥ 0.083), significantly higher RPE values for the machine chest fly were observed over the first three sets following SEQ1 compared to SEQ2 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the total workout repetitions were not significantly different when performing the traditional multi- to single-joint or the reverse exercise order when training the pectoralis major muscle.
Bioelectrical Activity of Vastus Medialis and Rectus Femoris Muscles in Recreational Runners with Anterior Knee Pain
Authors: Gawda Piotr , Ginszt Michał , Zawadka Magdalena , Skublewska-Paszkowska Maria , Smołka Jakub , Łukasik Edyta , Majcher Piotr
Published: April 2019

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), the most common source of knee pain among physically active individuals, is defined as anterior knee pain involving the patella and retinaculum that excludes other intraarticular and peri-patellar pathology. Differences in the activation and endurance of the quadriceps components, causing an imbalance in the forces controlling patellar tracking during flexion and extension in the knee joint, appear to be the most commonly reported risk factors for PFPS. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in bioelectric activity of vastus medialis and rectus femoris muscles during half knee bend position in runners with PFPS. The sample comprised 20 recreational runners (15 males, 5 females; aged 27 ± 5 years) reporting knee pain and diagnosed with PFPS. The age- and sex-matched control group consisted of recreational runners who did not report knee pain. The myon electromyographic system was used to determine the changes in the electromyographic median frequency during a half squat position. The decrease in the median frequency of vastus medialis and rectus femoris muscles was significantly greater in runners with PFPS in comparison to the control group (p < 0.01 for right and left vastus medialis and right rectus femoris; p < 0.05 for left rectus femoris). There is a relationship between knee pain related to PFPS and the imbalance of bioelectric activity of vastus medialis and rectus femoris muscles. Achieving the muscular balance within the thigh muscles can be an important factor in the rehabilitation process of PFPS.
The Effect of a Previous Strain Injury on Regional Neuromuscular Activation Within the Rectus Femoris
Authors: Kubo Yoshiaki , Watanabe Kohei , Nakazato Koichi , Koyama Koji , Hakkaku Takayoshi , Kemuriyama Shoya , Suzuki Masakazu , Hiranuma Kenji
Published: April 2019

The rectus femoris (RF) has a region-specific functional role; that is, the proximal region of the RF contributes more than the middle and distal regions during hip flexion. This study aimed to investigate whether RF strain injury affected the region-specific functional role of the muscle. We studied seven soccer players with a history of unilateral RF strain injury. Injury data were obtained from a questionnaire survey and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multichannel surface electromyographic (SEMG) signals were recorded from the proximal to distal regions of the RF with 24 electrodes during isometric knee extension and hip flexion. The SEMG signals of each channel during hip flexion were normalised by those during knee extension for the injured and non-injured RF (HF/KE), and compared among the proximal, middle, and distal regions. Six RF strain injuries showed a low signal area in MRI. There was no significant difference in muscle strength between the injured and non-injured RF. While the HF/KE in the proximal region was significantly higher than those in the middle and distal regions in the non-injured RF, a difference in the HF/KE was seen only between the proximal and distal regions of the injured RF. Furthermore, the HF/KE of the most proximal channel in the injured RF was significantly lower than that in the non-injured RF. However, there was no significant difference between injured and non-injured areas in the HF/KE. Our findings suggest that the region-specific functional role of the RF muscle is partly affected by RF strain injury.
Post-Activation Potentiation: Is there an Optimal Training Volume and Intensity to Induce Improvements in Vertical Jump Ability in Highly-Trained Subjects?
Authors: Kobal Ronaldo , Pereira Lucas A. , Kitamura Katia , Paulo Anderson C. , Ramos Henrique A. , Carmo Everton C. , Roschel Hamilton , Tricoli Valmor , Bishop Chris , Loturco Irineu
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of performing half squats (HSs) with different loading intensities (1, 3, and 5 repetitions maximum [RM], and 60% 1RM) and a different number of sets (1, 2, and 3) on the countermovement jump (CMJ) performance of 18 highly-trained male subjects. Participants were submitted to four experimental conditions (1RM, 3RM, 5RM, and 60% 1RM) in randomized order. The CMJ was assessed before and after each set. Differences in CMJ performance between the distinct experimental conditions and individual responses in CMJ performance induced by the different protocols were analyzed via the magnitude-based inference method. Overall, significant improvements were detected in individual CMJ heights after each activation protocol. It can be concluded that the use of 1 to 3 sets of HSs performed at moderate-to-high loads may be an effective strategy to improve jump performance in highly-trained subjects. Nevertheless, despite the high efficiency of the protocols tested here, coaches and researchers are strongly encouraged to perform individualized assessments within the proposed range of loads and sets, to find optimal and tailored post-activation potentiation protocols.
Planning in uncharted waters: spatial transformations, planning transitions and role-reflexive planning
Authors: Lamker Christian
Published: April 2019

For planners, processes of complex spatial transformations today are comparable to uncharted land and an uncertain voyage. Many possible role images overlap and contrast to traditional and established ways of thinking and acting. The focus here is on navigating instead of controlling, about supporting instead of enforcing. Planning lacks tools to think and act when facing uncertainty. This paper proposes role-reflexive planning as an educational and experimental approach to thinking through different potentialities. It offers groundwork from the boundary between planning and transition studies, using role-based ideas as a bridge. It offers an overview about different roles that are relevant to working towards transformations as spatial planners. It develops an account of role-reflexive planning that connects between contexts, actions and back to individual modes of behaviour in planning processes. As a basis, this paper condenses experiences of a role-playing pilot workshop and discussions about potential elements of a transition towards 'post-growth planning'. It outlines how role-playing challenges the individual roles of actors beyond the game situations themselves. Conceptual ideas foster a renewed role-based debate on thinking and acting in the face of uncertainty and ways to navigate through the stormy waters of transformation.
The role of arrival spaces in integrating immigrants. A critical literature review
Authors: Hans Nils , Hanhörster Heike , Polívka Jan , Beißwenger Sabine
Published: April 2019

The many new forms of migration and the increasing diversification of our societies are leaving their mark on urban spaces. In the arrival spaces featuring high levels of migrants, we tend also to find higher levels of poverty, irrespective of whether the households concerned have a migration background or not. Such neighbourhoods, often referred to in Germany as "migrant neighbourhoods" or "ethnic colonies", have long been a focus of geographic and sociological urban research. Closely connected with such neighbourhoods is the discussion over context effects and their potential to create disadvantage. The starting point for this paper is the observation that most research into such context effects highlights deficits, without taking sufficient account of those factors and mechanisms influencing migrants' access to societal resources. The article thus takes a look at available empirical and theoretical research, highlighting three current aspects influencing such access in arrival spaces: the increasingly multi-local contacts of these migrants, the specific concentration of migrant-related opportunity structures in certain sub-districts of our cities, and governance processes reacting to increasing diversity and constantly changing needs. Currently predominantly focused on ring-fenced neighbourhoods, the article aims to further integration research, calling for greater priority to be attached to looking at the day-to-day lives and practices of migrants. The characteristics and dynamics of arrival spaces illustrate the growing permeability of spatial and social structures, highlighting the need to think out of the neighbourhood box when discussing integration.
Exploring study protocols examining muscle fatigue among transportation and transshipment operators: a systematic review
Authors: Sa-ngiamsak Teerayut
Published: April 2019

Transportation/transshipment was essential to logistics, enhancing growing economy. Work related muscle fatigue was acknowledged as contribution to significant losses in occupational safety and health. The study was conducted to review applicable electromyography examining protocols and indicators. The searches were achieved over 3 relevant available electronics data bases as well as search engines with 733 articles found. Only 13 articles were included corresponding to the criteria. To assess muscle fatigue; examining protocols during real-time, before-after and simulation of operation tasks were found utilizing. Time domain (RMS, muscle activity, MVC) and frequency domain (MNF, MDF) functioned as EMG indicators. Real-time protocol seemed to provide most information needed. However, other remaining protocols were still fairly selectable if no choice.
POTENCIAL ALELOPÁTICO DO EXTRATO AQUOSO DE MIMOSA PUDICA L. SOBRE O CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE LACTUCA SATIVA L.
Authors: Santos Maria de Fátima , Santos Lívia Maria de Lima , Duarte Giulia Nayara , Gonçalves Adenilson Henrique
Published: April 2019

Introdução: Alelopatia é uma forma de adaptação química dos vegetais, e quando liberado no meio ambiente pode influenciar diretamente ou indiretamente o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de plantas que estão ao seu redor. Objetivo: Avaliar in vitro o potencial alelopático, do extrato aquoso de folhas secas de Mimosa pudica L. sobre a germinação e o crescimento inicial da alface (Lactuca sativa). Metodologia: O extrato de M. pudica, obtido por maceração estática, foi diluído em água destilada, e utilizado cinco concentrações (2, 4, 6, 8 e 10g.L-1). Para o bioensaio de germinação, foram utilizadas placas de Petri, forradas com papel filtro, umedecido com 4 mL dos extratose 25 sementes de alface por repetição. As sementes foram mantidas em incubadora, tipo B.O.D., a 24 ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Os parâmetros avaliados foram IVG, %G, massa seca, comprimento da radícula e hipocótilo (mm), e os teores de clorofila a, b e total. Resultados: Na análise do IVG, %G, comprimento radicular, teor de clorofila a, b e total demostraram uma redução da germinação e no crescimento da alface a partir do aumento das concentrações do extrato. No crescimento do hipocótilo nas menores doses, apresentaram o efeito hormese e, no teste da massa seca, não demostrou diferença significativa entre as concentrações. Conclusão: Os extratos aquosos de M. pudica possuem efeito alelopático sobre o desenvolvimento inicial da alface.
Palavras-chave:Sensitiva; Bioensaios; Aleloquímicos.
Efeito agudo da liberação miofascial instrumental na modulação autonômica cardíaca em mulheres jovens praticantes de musculação
Authors: Henrique Ronaldo Cruvinel , Pfister Ana Paula de Lourdes , Ferreira Raiane Luísa Silva
Published: April 2019

Introdução: A liberação miofascial instrumental é utilizada com a finalidade de liberar aderências do tecido fascial a musculatura esquelética o que pode resultar em alterações do sistema nervoso autônomo cardiovascular tais como a vasodilatação e consequente aumento do fluxo sanguíneo. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da liberação miofascial instrumental na modulação autonômica cardíaca em mulheres jovens praticantes de musculação. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado com 32 mulheres jovens praticantes de musculação sendo 15 delas alocadas ao grupo intervenção e 17 ao grupo controle. Foi realizado a técnica de liberação miofascial instrumental com grupo intervenção e foi utilizado o Ultrasson Terapêutico desligado com o grupo controle. A variabilidade da frequência cardíaca foi analisada antes e após realização das técnicas em ambos os grupos. Resultados: A análise de medidas variadas de duas vias Anova Two-Way demonstrou que não houve efeito de tempo (Pré e Pós): SDNN (f=4,71; p=0,27), pNN50% (f=150,1; p=0,051), RMSSD (f=33,64; p=0,10), LF (f=45,35; p=0,09), HF (f=19,27; p=0,14), LF/HF (f=0,30; p=0,29) ou de grupo (Intervenção ou Controle): SDNN (f=0,63; p=0,57), pNN50% (f=0,06; p=0,84), RMSSD (f=0,04; p=0,87), LF (f=55,06; p=0,08), HF (f=0,11; p=0,79), LF/HF (f=0,30; p=0,67) em todos os índices de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca analisados:  Não houve efeito de interação (Grupo x Tempo) pois os grupos apresentaram aumento ou redução no mesmo sentido. Conclusão: O protocolo de liberação miofascial instrumental realizado não influenciou na modulação autonômica cardíaca, pois a partir da análise de estatística inferencial seu efeito não foi superior ao uso do ultrasson terapêutico desligado.