bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pools and fractions of organic carbon in soil: structure, functions and methods of determination
Authors:   Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov V.M. , Lebedeva T.N. ,   Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lopes de Gerenyu V.O. ,   Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ovsepyan L.A. ,   Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov M.V. ,   Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurganova I.N. ,   Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2023

The separation of soil organic matter (SOM) into pools and fractions allows to understand the nature and functions of SOM as well as to characterize its quality, composition and properties. The study presents an analysis of approaches, methods and results of determining various pools and fractions of SOM using the gray and agrogray soils (Haplic Luvisol) under contrasting types of land use (Moscow region, Russia). Conservative properties and storage functions of SOM were proposed to be estimated by its granulometric and densimetric pools, and dynamic properties and emission functions were proposed to be estimated by microbial and potentially mineralizable pools. It was shown that the ratio of different pools in the SOM composition depends on the type of land use and it is controlled by the composition and amount of plant materials entering into soil. The microbial biomass is a dynamic pool of organic carbon in the soil and determins the degree of biological activity of soil organic matter. Different aggregate fractions make different contributions to the formation of the total Cmic pool depending on the type of land use. The arable soil is characterized by a low content of Cmic; the soil is also depleted in organic matter, which is represented mainly by biologically stable components. The recarbonization of arable soils by grassing or reforestation will lead to real carbon sequestration with its accumulation in a biologically active form. We conclude that the separation of structural and process pools, the determination of their sizes and ratios should be considered an essential component of the programs for monitoring the quality and functions of SOM and carbon sequestration processes.
JUSTIFICATION OF INVESTMENT DECISIONS ON THE STOCK MARKET
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University ", Khobta Valentyna ,   Donetsk National Technical University", Derevyanko Volodymyr
Published: February 2023

Goal is the improvement of scientific-methodical and practical recommendations for forecasting trends in the development of the stock market with tools for analyzing stock prices and exchange rates to substantiate options for investors' actions and take into account dynamic signals, with the help of which strategic approaches are formed in various situations of market fluctuations. The next scientific methods of research were applied. In the process of achieving the goal, the following methods were used: analytical (observation, comparison, grouping) when price dynamics were studied, changes were predicted and the time of asset purchase and sale was determined; graphic - for illustrating market properties, visual representation of the price situation, identifying points of formation and changes in investment decisions; modeling for the development of options for investors' actions in various situations of the dynamics of market characteristics and the formation of behavioral strategies. The maim results are the next. The tools of technical analysis of exchange prices and exchange rates are detailed, taking into account the essence of the underlying methods, the principle of action, the time of detection, the nature of changes, and the degree of importance in the formation of an investment decision. The mechanism of using indicators to demonstrate to investors the current situation on the market and to provide signals for entering a position with a delay and oscillators in order to timely predict a market reversal and to determine such characteristics of price dynamics as the speed of movement, momentum, patterns of oscillation and development of action options is analyzed. Methodological recommendations for the calculation of indicators that smooth fluctuations in price charts by averaging over a certain period based on moving averages for the accurate determination of trading zones, identifying trends and market analysis have been clarified. Scientific novelty are the next. The classification of tools for technical analysis of stock prices and exchange rates has been specified, taking into account their essence, clarity of results, the degree of detailing of characteristics, and the properties and peculiarities of the use of individual groups for the justification of investment decisions on the stock market have been determined. Practical significance is grounded on the developed scientific-methodical and practical recommendations will contribute to the deepening of the working out of options for the actions of investors in various situations of the dynamics of the stock market characteristics based on the identification of trends, the construction and interpretation of graphic models, the forecast of the probability of the continuation or change of the identified trends.
ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В АСПЕКТІ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНІВ
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Karaim Olha , Mylko Inna ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Karaim Volodymyr ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University
Published: February 2023

The purpose. Substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations and provide practical recommendations for the formation of an enterprise environmental management system in the aspect of restoring the sustainable development of the regions. Methodology. In the process of research, a number of general scientific and special research methods were used, namely: deduction and induction, logical generalization, analysis, synthesis to determine the essence of the enterprise's environmental management system and problems of restoration of sustainable development of regions; system analysis using statistical data processing methods to determine the effectiveness of the enterprise's environmental management system; calculation method - to determine the values of emissions of pollutants; method of strategic planning - when developing proposals for the formation of an environmental management system. Results. The essence and features of the formation of the environmental management system of the enterprise in the aspect of restoring the sustainable development of the region are revealed. Compliance of the studied enterprise with the criteria of the environmental management system was assessed. The main difficulties in the management system of industrial companies are revealed. The main stages of the implementation of the environmental management system at the enterprise are analyzed. Methodological approaches are highlighted and the effectiveness of the environmental management system of the enterprise under study is assessed. Scientific novelty. The features of the formation of the environmental management system of the enterprise in the aspect of restoring the sustainable development of the regions are substantiated. Practical significance. The results of the study form a scientific and practical basis for the formation of an enterprise environmental management system that will contribute to the restoration of sustainable development of the regions of Ukraine.
IMPROVING STUDENT'S LEARNING OUTCOMES USING THE CONTEXTUAL LEARNING MODEL ON LISTENING COMPETENCY IN INDONESIAN LESSONS
Authors: Ningrum Lilis sulistyaningrum
Published: February 2023

This study applies a contextual learning model in order to improve learning outcomes in listening to learning so that students have perfect Indonesian language skills, learning learning concepts that help teachers relate the Indonesian language material they teach to real environmental situations and encourage students to make connections between language knowledge that they teach. possessed by the application of language in everyday life
Classroom action research activities were carried out for three cycles. The learning outcomes obtained from the researchers in the first cycle were with an average of 58% (less) or only 24 students who completed or 59% while 41% or as many as 15 students were still incomplete and scored below the KKM (75). Then in the second cycle the average increased by obtaining 73% or students completed as many as 30 students or 73%. Then in the third cycle there was a significant increase, namely the average obtained was 94% or as many as 39 students who scored above the KKM (75). In addition, the activity of class XI students of the Department of Administration 2 during learning activities by applying contextual learning experienced an increase in listening material, in the first cycle it reached 57.5%, the second cycle increased to 72.86% and in the third cycle it increased again to 93.62 % with very good category. This indicates that the student's response to contextual learning is included in the interested category.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL DISEASES
Authors: Zhukovskyi M. , Nedosekov V.
Published: February 2023

Economic analysis of animal diseases is one of the components of animal health economics. In our country, the scale of the economy of animal health was quite modest. The concept was based on losses (damages) due to diseases and cost-benefit analysis of strategies to control or overcome diseases. This work can be conditionally called an economic analysis of animal diseases and strategies for elimination.

The article has a ground structured component and economic analysis of disease creatures. Each of the components is considered and features are highlighted. In our opinion, the economic analysis of animal diseases primarily includes the economic efficiency of veterinary measures and their components, the saving of labor and material resources due to the use of more effective means and methods of disease prevention and treatment of animals, savings in related industries, strategy, forecasting and modeling of veterinary measures.

Economic analysis of animal diseases makes it possible to determine the profitability of specific disease control programs and animal health management. The impact of animal diseases in the production system (animal husbandry of different levels) consists in reducing the profitability and results of production activities. The consequences of the disease can be divided into two groups: direct and indirect losses.
A Comparative Study between Surgical Techniques by Local Excisional debridement with a Xylocaine Block and Excisional Debridement under General Anesthesia, in Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Phattharathiwanon Mongkhon
Published: February 2023

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical and economic outcomes between excisional debridement with a local xylocaine block (LAD) and excisional debridement under general anesthesia (GAD).  Material and Methods: This retrospective medical record review was designed to review records of excisional debridement in necrotizing fasciitis (NF) at Sisaket Hospital from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019. Outcome measures were clinical outcomes at the preoperative time (baseline data, door-to-operating room), peri-operative time (operating time, blood loss, number of reoperations), postoperative time (mortality rate, length of stay, pain score, opioid drug use), types of NF, and direct costs of treatment by the provider’s perspective. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test were used.  Results: The results of 245 patients showed that LAD was superior to GAD in terms of door-to-operating room time, lower operating time and blood loss, shorter length of hospital stay and lower cost of treatment. Moreover, the LAD showed a lower postoperative pain score, and less opioid drug use when compared to GAD. There were no significant differences in mortality rate, sites of infection and types of NF.  Conclusion: LAD showed better clinical outcomes and lower cost of treatment when compared to GAD in the treatment of NF. Nevertheless, excisional debridement under a LAD could be a choice for small wounds at the lower extremities in hospitals with limited resources, and insufficient numbers of anesthesiologists.
A scalable and secure attribute-based access control method in Internet of Things with efficient revocation
Authors: Al sherify Safaa , Seno Seyed
Published: February 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging network paradigm that understands the Because IoT is connections between all things and is the foundation of the intelligent community. The pervasive, always about everyday life or daily work of the user, privacy and security are important.

In other complex and heterogeneous properties of the IoT make its security issues very challenging. words, how to achieve data, while data privacy is a challenging task. In addition, resource constraints In spite of the attribute based of node creates a lightweight requirement for IoT security mechanisms. encryption like (CP-ABE), can provide access control to data by allowing specific users who their This paper provides a method of a attributes in accordance with the policy of access to decoded text. scalable and secure access control based on attribute with effective revocation based on allow users to access and as well as the possibility of expiring some users' access. Security and efficiency evaluations show that the proposed scheme can achieve the desired security goals, while keeping comparable

computation overhead.
Classification of Non-invasive recording of Electroencephalography Brain Signals using Hoeffding tree
Authors: Obais Zainab , Hasan Taha
Published: February 2023

there is a considerable advancement in research that concern brain-computer interfaces (BCI). BCI can be defined as a communication system that is developed for allowing individuals experiencing complete paralysis sending commands or messages with no need to send them via normal output pathways of brain. EEG recording are Affected by cardiac noise, blinks, eye movement, in addition to non-biological sources (such as power-line noise).There will be an obstacle if the subject generates an artifact since will violate the specification of BCI as a non-muscular communication channel and the ability of subjects suffering degenerative diseases could be lost and This artifacts(noise) leads to incorrect classification accuracy .The presented study has the aim of being a sufficient reference in BCI system and also emphasize algorithms which are capable of separating and removing the noise that interferes with the task-related Electroencephalography (EEG) signal for the best features . The task is the motions of the index finger of right or left .The separation process based BSS technique ,This separating would be having an effective speeding impact on classifying patterns of EEG. and classified using classifier ( Hoeffding Tree). The proposed algorithm is tested and trained with the use of real recorded signals of EEG . Experiments reveal that the proposed classifier with the stone algorithm leads to high classification results up to the classification accuracy 79%.
Providing QoS to High Performance Distributed Applications in Software-Defined Networks (SDNs)
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Hnidenko N. P.
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, there is an ever-increasing number of applications that have strict quality of service (QoS) requirements. The ability to define QoS requirements in traditional networks is limited due to the complex control of these environments. Modification of the existing infrastructure has high administrative costs, since the subsystem of each service component must have its resources managed by a centralized organization to guarantee users the level of QoS that each of them requires. The specification of quality of service (QoS) requirements in traditional networks is limited by the high administrative cost of these environments. Nevertheless, newer network paradigms, as Software-Defined Networks (SDNs), simplify and relaxes the management of networks. In this sense, SDN can provide a simple/effective way to develop QoS provisioning. This approach allows the specification of classes of service and also negotiates the QoS requirements between applications and the SDN network controller. The SDN controller, in turn, monitors the network and adjusts its performance through resource reservation and traffic prioritization. Have developed a QoS provision architecture for high performance distributed applications exploiting the capabilities of SDN. In this architecture, simple software components enable a process of message exchanging that includes reservation request and reservation confirmation. This procedure allows a network controller to configure QoS queues to individual packet flows. The developed a proof-of-concept of proposal and experimental results show that the additional routines present low overhead, whereas – for a given test application — observes a reduction of up to 47% in transfer times. Despite the specific scenario evaluated, results indicate our solution feasibility. Future works include the development of renegotiation and adaptation functions.
Application of stochastic programming method for analysis of semiconductor noise signal generators
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Shuklin G. V.
Published: February 2023

In this work it is proposed to use the method of stochastic programming to obtain the values of key parameters of electronic components of electrical circuits, which are used to prevent leakage of confidential information due to electromagnetic radiation. The essence of the application of this method is to determine the optimal value of the power of the output noise-like signal generated by the noise generator, which provides the highest quality of interference aimed at suppressing a dangerous signal, the leakage of which is possible due to the side electromagnetic radiation at the object of information activity. The purpose of the article is to determine the condition of optimal generation of noise-like signals of semiconductor elements with specified characteristics and to optimize the maximum output power of the noise signal. Results: The article shows the use of linear and stochastic programming methods to estimate the required parameters of the noise generator by the criterion of the maximum output power of the noise signal at the load resistance. Conclusions: the conducted stochastic optimization showed the relationship of the output random variable from the initial conditions imposed on the semiconductor element, and allowed to obtain fixed optimal values of the load resistance parameters for a given optimization criterion. If we impose an additional condition of a given accuracy on the solution of this problem, we can significantly improve the quality of control of the parameters of the noise semiconductor element. Further research can be directed to determine the distribution of a random noise signal at the output of the device to counteract information leakage through the channel of side electromagnetic radiation and interference, that is, at the output of the power amplifier of the generator-jammer, to which the antenna is connected.
Quantum search algorithm in unstructured database
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Kozhukhivskyy A. D.
Published: February 2023

Grover's quantum algorithm was developed to solve the problem of searching an unstructured database for a certain unique element. In general, this problem can be formulated as follows: an unstructured database consists of elements and contains one unique element that has a certain property that can be tested with polynomial complexity, and which must be found with minimal time and complexity. Classical methods require querying the database to find the desired element, while Grover's algorithm allows you to perform only approximately steps, which are iterations of the procedure, to the database and be sure that the resulting element will be exactly the desired element with a probability close to 1. As in quantum algorithms aimed at cryptanalysis of symmetric transformations, Grover's algorithm repeats the procedure (Grover's iteration) to increase the probability of obtaining the correct result. Similarly to such algorithms in Grover's method, when iterations are continued after reaching the required number of iterations, the probability of obtaining the correct result decreases. This is due to the fact that during the execution of Grover's iteration, a rotation is performed in the complex space. Thus, each iteration, making a turn, brings the register closer and closer to the desired state, but at a certain point a maximum closeness is reached, at which the continued use of iterations will lead to a turn past the desired state, which will move the state of the system away from the desired state. The database for this algorithm can be any search space consisting of a certain number of elements. So, for example, it can be applied to find a secret key for a symmetric cryptograms formation or to find a collision for a hashing function.
Central quadrantotomy for intractable childhood epilepsy: operative technique and functional neuroanatomy
Authors: Cossu Giulia , Aureli Viviana , Roulet-Perez Eliane , Thomas Cynthia , Marston Jeffery S. , Pralong Etienne , Messerer Mahmoud , González-López Pablo , Daniel Roy T.
Published: February 2023

Refractory subhemispheric epilepsy has been traditionally treated by resection. The last few decades have seen the emergence of disconnective techniques, for both hemispheric and subhemispheric disease. The aim of this study was to describe the technique for a disconnective surgery for large epileptogenic lesions involving the central (perirolandic cortices), parietal, and occipital lobes. This junctional cortex within the hemisphere (in contrast to anterior and posterior quadrantotomies) presents unique challenges when contemplating a complete disconnection of the region. The surgical technique is achieved through six distinct steps: fronto-central, inferior frontoparietal, lateral temporo-occipital, medial frontal, basal temporo-occipital, and posterior parasagittal callosal disconnections. The functional neuroanatomy of each step is described, along with cadaveric dissections. The authors describe this technique and include a case description of a young girl who presented with childhood-onset intractable epilepsy associated with cognitive stagnation. The postoperative seizure outcome in this patient remains excellent at 2 years’ follow-up, with gains in cognition and behavior. Excellent seizure outcomes can be achieved if the network encompassing the entire epileptogenic cortex is disconnected while ensuring preservation of fiber systems that link functionally eloquent uninvolved cortices adjacent to the central quadrant.
Félix Ireta vs. Efraín Pineda: la contienda político electoral por la gubernatura de Michoacán y el zafarrancho de Huetamo en junio de 1940
Authors:   Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Sánchez Amaro Luis , Ramírez Peñaloza Susana ,   Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
Published: February 2023

This paper analyzes the electoral political contexts in Mexico and Michoacán during the turning point of 1940 presidential succession. It also analyzes the development of a tragic event of political violence – where fourteen peasants died – that occurred in the town of Huetamo, which reflected the dispute for power between national level candidates: Manuel Ávila Camacho of the Party of the Mexican Revolution and his contender Juan Andreu Almazán of the Revolutionary Party of National Unification. These two candidates ran an intense electoral campaign with displays, public demonstrations, reciprocal rejection, warnings, and confrontations between small groups, in addition to both naming themselves heirs of the Mexican Revolution. Based on the analysis of several documentary files of the agents of the Directorate of Political and Social Investigations of Mexico’s Ministry of the Interior (Secretaría de Gobernación) and other contemporary testimonies, an attempt is made to clarify the causes that gave rise to the Huetamo ‘zafarrancho’, whose participants clashed over political differences. In addition, we discuss some possible reasons for the historical obscurity of this crime, for which was no judicial investigation or punishment of the intellectual and material authors.
Hybrid nanoliposome as a targeted growth inhibitor for Cervical Carcinoma Cell line
Authors: Awad Noor A. , Yassen Nahi Y. , Tawfeeq Amer T. , Turki Kismat M.
Published: February 2023

Background: targeted cancer nanotherapy represents a golden goal for nanobiotechnology to overcome the severe side effects of conventional chemotherapy. Hybrid nanoliposomes (HLs) composed of L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and Polyoxyethylene (23) dodecyl ether (C12 (EO)23 ) can integrate selectively into the cancer cell membrane inducing cancer cell death.Objectives: to assess the capacity of locally (in hose) synthesized hybrid nanoliposome to inhibit the growth of cervix cancer cells (HeLa) and induce apoptosis.Patients and Methods: hybrid nanoliposomes(nHLs) synthesized by sonication method from a mixture of 90% mol DMPC and 10% mol C12(EO)23 in tissue culture media RPMI-1640 for 6 hours at 300W and 40ºC then filtration with 0.2μm filter. Shape and size characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Viability of HeLa cell and normal lymphocytes challenged with HLs were determined using MTT assay. Induction of apoptosis in the challenged cells was examined by staining with fluorescence dye mix acridine orange/propidium iodide.Results: synthesized nHLs were in nanozise range and selectively inhibited HeLa cells proliferation with IC50 of 0.2mM DMPC with no effect against normal lymphocytes. Apoptosis was evident in 88.24% of HeLa cells population treated with HLs.Conclusion: synthesized nHLs may considered as promising nanotherapy, this study recommends further inspections for the mechanism of action of nHLs and their capabilities to inhibit other types of cancers both in vitro and in vivo
Assessment of endothelial dysfunction by flow mediated dilatation in patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Salih Saba F. , Mohammed Najeeb H. , Muslim Abbas N. , Al-Misebawi Sarab H.
Published: February 2023

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is thought to be a key event in the development of atherosclerosis. It is a systemic process that simultaneously affects different vascular territories including coronary arteries. It is recommended that noninvasive approaches assessing endothelial function in peripheral vessels like flow mediated dilatation are indirectly representative of coronary vascular function.Objectives: This study is aimed to assess endothelial dysfunction by using flow mediated dilatation in patients with coronary artery diseasePatients and methods: 82 patients of either sex with an age range of 40-65years are involved in this study. Each patient was subjected to two tests; first test was the flow mediated dilatation percentage (FMD%) measurement to assess endothelial functional integrity and second one was coronary computerized tomography angiography for measuring the percentage of coronary artery stenosis.Results: the results of this study revealed that FMD% is inversely correlated with the percentage of coronary artery stenosis (p value <0.01). FMD% in patients having a single coronary vessel atheromatous stenosis (9.9±3.5) % was significantly lower than that of control subjects (15.3±7) %, p<0.0001.Conclusion: this study concludes that FMD% of brachial artery could be used as a marker for systemic endothelial functional integrity including that of coronary arteries.
Sirenomelia in an Iraqi twin: a case report
Authors: Hassan Moaied A.
Published: February 2023

Background: Sirenomelia is a rare congenital malformation characterized by fusion of the lower limbs giving a characteristic mermaid-like appearance to the affected fetus. It is commonly associated with gastrointestinal, genitourinary, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system defects.Objective : To report the clinical manifestations of an extremely rare and complex malformation along with the associated anomalies.Case report: A case of sirenomelia was reported in a one of a set of twin delivered at term by caesarean section to a 39 year old Iraqi mother. According to the search that has been done, it seems that this is the first reported case in this country. The following associated anomalies ( imperforate anus, absence of external genitourinary orifices, esophageal atresia with tracheo-esophageal fistula, intestinal atresia and bilateral renal agenesis ) were observed.Conclusion: Sirenomelia is a rare and fatal congenital malformation. Still there is some controversy regarding its etiology, however there is an increasing belief that this complex malformation is distinct from the caudal regression syndrome. Survival depends on the presence of normal renal function
Editorial: In Honour of Jack C. Richard’s Six-decade Contribution to Language Teaching
Authors: Griffiths Carol
Published: February 2023

As I have discovered, a special issue covering the work of Jack Richards is a mammoth task. In the years that he has worked in language development, he has covered so many different aspects of the field, it is difficult to know where to start...
Research on the Evaluation Mechanism of Platform Companies to Complementors in Building New E-Supply Chains1
Authors: Chen Xiaochun , Zhao Jie , Han Dawei , Du Xuanjin
Published: February 2023

This paper takes B2C platform enterprises as the main subject of evaluation and considers the construction of e-supply chains among complementary roles of the platform as the research object. It considers distributors-retailers-consumers as each ring of e-supply chains and uses supply chain flexibility, supply chain performance, supply chain risk, supply chain credit, and supply chain competitiveness as indicators to comprehensively evaluate multiple e-supply chains on the same type of platform enterprises. Innovations: (a) It focuses on the micro-environment of the e-supply chain where the platform enterprises and complementary players are located. (b) Combining the entropy method “from cause to effect” and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method “from cause to effect,” combining objective and subjective empowerment and dividing the expert interviewees into roles in the supply chain. (c) Unlike the traditional evaluation mechanism, where the analysis target is independent of the supply chain, this paper focuses on analyzing the overall and comprehensive performance of the e-supply chain built by complementary platform roles in various dimensions.
Research on the Supervision Path of Financial Institutions Accessing Central Bank Credit System from the Perspective of Data Governance
Authors: Wu Changjun , Xing Feifei
Published: February 2023

In 2006, the national unified enterprise and individual credit information basic database led by the Central bank was completed and successfully connected nationwide. In recent years, the number of access institutions of the credit investigation system has increased, the scope of coverage is wider, the included information has increased rapidly, and the number of data inquiries has become increasingly large. According to the “Central Bank Credit System Construction Report”, the access institutions of the central bank include banking financial institutions, small loan companies, housing provident fund management centers, insurance companies, trust and investment companies, financial asset management companies, financing guarantee companies and other institutions. Among them, financial institutions account for a large proportion of the access institutions of the central bank, but so far there is no unified standard for the pre-conditions and follow-up management of the access of financial institutions to the credit investigation system. With the increasing importance of credit investigation system, it is necessary to regulate and supervise the financial institutions it connects to. Therefore, this paper studies the path of access of financial institutions to the Central bank’s credit investigation system. On the one hand, it is convenient for the central bank to carry out systematic management of access financial institutions, and on the other hand, it can improve the integrity and accuracy of credit information of the central bank’s credit investigation system. This paper holds that the supervision of big data on the access of financial institutions to the credit investigation system should, on the one hand, improve the legal basis of big data credit investigation, formulate unified data collection standards for access institutions, and on the other hand, formulate unified data preservation and processing rules, and refine data application rules after access. As the largest credit information platform in China, the central bank credit information system plays an important role in improving our country’s credit information system.
Policy Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Du Mengdie
Published: February 2023

With the all-round penetration of new AI technologies into human society, the necessity of policy regulation is becoming more and more prominent. A review of the research results on policy regulation of AI in the West from 1992 to 2020 reveals that: the research on AI policy regulation is still in its initial stage, and researchers mostly use law, political science and management science as their research perspectives to enter the topic, and the research fields are becoming more and more diversified, but not closely connected; The research topics are still at the level of philosophical value and contingency, specifically, the value judgment of policy regulation, procedural mechanism, and ethical issues of medical application, and there are controversies among different scholars, but a basic consensus has been reached on the ethical concerns and regulatory necessity of AI. The future research trends of policy regulation of AI mainly include three aspects: multi-discipline, implementation and diffusion of policy regulation, and ethical reflection.
Application of Edge Computing in Smart Water
Authors: Ye Lijuan , Zhong Jiaming , Chen Xuan
Published: February 2023

With the further development of the internet of everything, as well as the increasing number of smart phones, smart glasses, and other end devices, the data growth rate has far exceeded the growth rate of network bandwidth. Meanwhile, the appearance of numerous novel applications, such as augmented reality (AR) and driverless technology, has higher demand for network latency. Therefore, edge computing integrates computing, network, and storage resources into a unified platform, which offers services to users, so that the data can be effectively processed at the beginning. This model is different from cloud computing that transmits all the data to a data center. It bypasses the bottleneck of network bandwidth and delaying and has aroused widespread concern. At the beginning, this article introduces the concept of edge computing and presents the definition of edge computing; then, it introduces the basic concept, characteristics and demands of smart water; at last, it constructs a smart water system framework on the basis of edge computing, and conducts functional analysis on each layer of the framework.
Providing a Desired Compression Ratio for Better Portable Graphics Encoder of Color Images: Design and Analysis
Authors: Li Fangfang , Lukin Vladimir
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we consider a task of providing a desired compression ratio (CR) in lossy compression of color images by better portable graphics (BPG) encoder. The problem consists in the fact that this encoder, on the one hand, produces certain benefits compared to other modern image compression techniques in the sense of better quality for the same CR, but, on the other hand, CR for a fixed value of a parameter that controls compression (PCC) in BPG can vary in very vast limits depending on image content. Since a recently proposed two-step method of providing a desired quality of compressed images based on average rate-distortion curves has recently demonstrated its high efficiency and accuracy acceptable for many practical applications, we analyze the applicability of this approach to providing a desired CR. It is shown that the accuracy of providing a desired CR characterized by variance for a set of test images improves radically after the second step compared to the first step parameters, which are determined by the average dependence of CR on Q. Variances of original (after the first step) and provided (after the second step) also depend on a desired CR and they are larger for the larger desired CR. The influence of residual errors in the provided CR on image quality is studied as well.
Association of Knowledge About Dementia with Two Dimensional Attitudes Among a Community Population in South Korea
Authors: Lee Seunghoon , Jeong Hyunsuk , Koh Im-Seok , Suh Jeewon , Cho HyunSung , Kim YongBok , Cho EunJung , Chang Jhin Goo , Hong Minha , Lee Su Young
Published: February 2023

Background: Providing correct information about dementia and people living with dementia and improving the attitude toward the disease have important implications in overcoming prejudice and negative perceptions and strengthening the social support system. However, studies are limited about which aspects of dementia knowledge affect attitudes toward it and the influence of such knowledge on particular aspects of such attitudes. Objective: This study examined which part of dementia knowledge affects attitudes toward dementia and, furthermore, the influence of such knowledge on two aspects of attitudes in the general population. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey of 1,200 participants aged 20 years or older was adopted. A landline and wireless telephone survey was conducted from October 12 to October 22, 2021. The survey data included self-report questions about dementia knowledge, dementia attitudes, demographics, and family information. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Results: Dementia knowledge was positively associated with global dementia attitudes. In terms of the relationship between the two dimensions of dementia attitudes and knowledge, the latter displayed a significant positive association with accepting attitudes (β= 0.121, p < 0.001) but not with affective attitudes (β= 0.064, p = 0.084). Among dementia knowledge, dementia symptom/diagnosis and policy categories were positively associated with accepting attitudes (β= 0.198, p = 0.006; β= 0.357, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study suggests that people with more dementia knowledge have more accepting attitudes toward dementia. It may be effective to continue education on dementia to improve the public accepting attitudes. However, to improve negative emotional attitudes toward dementia, various approaches beyond education may be needed.
Genetic Liability, Exposure Severity, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Predict Cognitive Impairment in World Trade Center Responders
Authors: Mann Frank D. , Clouston Sean A.P. , Cuevas Adolfo , Waszczuk Monika A. , Kuan Pei-Fen , Carr Melissa A. , Docherty Anna R. , Shabalin Andrea A. , Gandy Sam E. , Luft Benjamin J.
Published: February 2023

Background: There is a high incidence of cognitive impairment among World Trade Center (WTC) responders, comorbid with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, it remains unknown whether genetic liability for Alzheimer’s disease, PTSD, educational attainment, or for a combination of these phenotypes, is associated with cognitive impairment in this high-risk population. Similarly, whether the effects of genetic liability are comparable to PTSD and indicators of exposure severity remains unknown. Objective: In a study of 3,997 WTC responders, polygenic scores for Alzheimer’s disease, PTSD, and educational attainment were used to test whether genome-wide risk for one or more of these phenotypes is associated with cognitive impairment, controlling for population stratification, while simultaneously estimating the effects of demographic factors and indicators of 9/11 exposure severity, including symptoms of PTSD. Results: Polygenic scores for Alzheimer’s disease and educational attainment were significantly associated with an increase and decrease, respectively, in the hazard rate of mild cognitive impairment. The polygenic score for Alzheimer’s disease was marginally associated with an increase in the hazard rate of severe cognitive impairment, but only age, exposure severity, and symptoms of PTSD were statistically significant predictors. Conclusion: These results add to the emerging evidence that many WTC responders are suffering from mild cognitive impairments that resemble symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, as genetic liability for Alzheimer’s disease predicted incidence of mild cognitive impairment. However, compared to polygenic scores, effect sizes were larger for PTSD and the type of work that responders completed during rescue and recovery efforts.
Association of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 with Cognitive Decline in an Asian Memory Clinic Population
Authors: Teoh Nicole Shu Ning , Gyanwali Bibek , Lai Mitchell K.P. , Chai Yuek Ling , Chong Joyce R. , Chong Eddie Jun Yi , Chen Christopher , Tan Chuen Seng , Hilal Saima
Published: February 2023

Background: Neuroinflammation has been postulated to play an important role in cognitive impairment, cognitive decline, and dementia. Inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 are found to be associated with the neuro-inflammatory process and worse cognitive function. However, it is unknown whether these interleukins are associated with long-term cognitive function. Objective: To investigate the association of baseline IL-6 and IL-8 with cognitive function at baseline as well as its association with cognitive decline over five-year follow-up. Methods: 387 patients were recruited from an ongoing memory clinic-based study who underwent comprehensive physical, medical, neuropsychological and blood assessments together with brain MRI. IL-6 and IL-8 were measured using LUMINEX assays. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network neuropsychological battery was used to assess cognitive decline across multiple domains. Results: Among the 387 (mean age = 72.9 years and 53.7% males) participants, 322 had at least two follow-up assessments and were included in the longitudinal analysis. Negative linear trend associations were found between tertiles of IL-8 with baseline global cognition (p-trend< 0.001), attention (p-trend = 0.005), executive function (p-trend< 0.001), and visuospatial function (p-trend = 0.002) domains. No association was found between baseline IL-8 and cognitive decline. IL-6 was not associated with both baseline and follow-up cognition. Conclusion: IL-8 was associated with worse cognition especially in attention, executive function, and visuospatial function, suggesting the role of neuroinflammation in cognitive impairment. Hence, blood inflammatory biomarkers may be useful indicators in identifying patients at risk of cognitive impairment and warrant consideration for inclusion in treatment trials.
Safety, Feasibility, and Potential Clinical Efficacy of 40 Hz Invisible Spectral Flicker versus Placebo in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded, Pilot Study
Authors: Agger Mikkel Pejstrup , Danielsen Else Rubæk , Carstensen Marcus Schultz , Nguyen N. Mai , Horning Maibritt , Henney Mark Alexander , Jensen Christopher Boe Ravn , Baandrup Anders Ohlhues , Kjær Troels Wesenberg , Madsen Kristoffer Hougaard , Miskowiak Kamilla , Petersen Paul Michael , Høgh Peter
Published: February 2023

Background: Recent studies suggested induction of 40 Hz neural activity as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, prolonged exposure to flickering light raises adherence and safety concerns, encouraging investigation of tolerable light stimulation protocols. Objective: To investigate the safety, feasibility, and exploratory measures of efficacy. Methods: This two-stage randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded clinical trial, recruited first cognitive healthy participants (n = 3/2 active/placebo), and subsequently patients with mild-to-moderate AD (n = 5/6, active/placebo). Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either active intervention with 40 Hz Invisible Spectral Flicker (ISF) or placebo intervention with color and intensity matched non-flickering white light. Results: Few and mild adverse events were observed. Adherence was above 86.1% of intended treatment days, with participants remaining in front of the device for >51.3 min (60 max) and directed gaze >34.9 min. Secondary outcomes of cognition indicate a tendency towards improvement in the active group compared to placebo (mean: –2.6/1.5, SD: 6.58/6.53, active/placebo) at week 6. Changes in hippocampal and ventricular volume also showed no tendency of improvement in the active group at week 6 compared to placebo. At week 12, a potential delayed effect of the intervention was seen on the volume of the hippocampus in the active group compared to placebo (mean: 0.34/–2.03, SD: 3.26/1.18, active/placebo), and the ventricular volume active group (mean: –0.36/2.50, SD: 1.89/2.05, active/placebo), compared to placebo. Conclusion: Treatment with 40 Hz ISF offers no significant safety or adherence concerns. Potential impact on secondary outcomes must be tested in larger scale clinical trials.
Compressive strength prediction of admixed HPC concrete by hybrid deep learning approaches
Authors: Weng Peng , Xie JingJing , Zou Yang
Published: February 2023

The estimation of compressive strength includes time-consuming, finance-wasting, and laboring approaches to undertaking High-performance concrete (HPC) production. On the other side, a vast volume of concrete consumption in industrial construction requires an optimal mix design with different percentages to reach the highest compressive strength. The present study considered two deep learning approaches to handle compressive strength prediction. The robustness of the deep model was put high through two novel optimization algorithms as a novelty in the research world that played their precise roles in charge of model structure optimization. Also, a dataset containing cement, silica fume, fly ash, the total aggregate amount, the coarse aggregate amount, superplasticizer, water, curing time, and high-performance concrete compressive strength was used to develop models. The results indicate that the AMLP-I and GMLP-I models served the highest prediction accuracy. R2 and RMSE of AMLP-I stood at 0.9895 and 1.7341, respectively, which declared that the AMLP-I model could be presented as the robust model for estimating compressive strength. Generally, using optimization algorithms to boost the capabilities of prediction models by tuning the internal characteristics has increased the reliability of artificial intelligent approaches to substitute the more experimental practices.