bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of metabolic and contractile alterations in development of cancer cachexia in female tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Lim Seongkyun , Deaver J. William , Rosa-Caldwell Megan E. , Haynie Wesley S. , Morena da Silva Francielly , Cabrera Ana Regina , Schrems Eleanor R. , Saling Landen W. , Jansen Lisa T. , Dunlap Kirsten R. , Wiggs Michael P. , Washington Tyrone A. , Greene Nicholas P.
Published: November 2021

Our study demonstrates divergent tumor development and tissue wasting within 3- and 4-wk mice, where approximately half the mice developed large tumors and subsequent cachexia. Unlike previous male studies, where metabolic perturbations precede the onset of cachexia, females appear to exhibit protections from the metabolic perturbations and cachexia development. Our data provide novel evidence for divergent cachectic development in tumor-bearing female mice compared with previous male CC studies, suggesting different mechanisms of CC between sexes.
Design of Exercise Nursing Program for Pelvic Floor Muscle Function Recovery at 42 Days Postpartum
Authors: Zhang Shuixian , Yuan Ling , Zhou Lin , Lei Xia , Zhu Libo
Published: November 2021

In order to explore the effect of exercise nursing intervention for pelvic floor muscle function recovery at 42 days postpartum, this paper conducts experimental research through controlled experiments, combines statistical methods to carry out digital processing, and sets a single variable of nursing intervention to provide a basis for experimental control, and statistical test results are used for effect evaluation. It has been discovered via experimental study that pelvic floor muscle function recovery exercise training for normal delivery women may enhance the mother’s compliance with the pelvic floor muscle function exercise. Moreover, it can reduce the occurrence of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, improve the postpartum pelvic floor function of postpartum women, improve the quality of life, and have a significant recovery effect. In addition, it is a simple, noninvasive, and highly safe continuation nursing measure, which can effectively improve the quality of obstetric care and has strong clinical use value.
Metformin Corrects Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming and NLRP3 Inflammasome‐Induced Pyroptosis via Inhibiting the TLR4/NF‐κB/PFKFB3 Signaling in Trophoblasts: Implication for a Potential Therapy of Preeclampsia
Authors: Zhang Yang , Liu Weifang , Zhong Yanqi , Li Qi , Wu Mengying , Yang Liu , Liu Xiaoxia , Zou Li
Published: November 2021

NOD‐like receptor family, pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis is a crucial event in the preeclamptic pathogenesis, tightly linked with the uteroplacental TLR4/NF‐κB signaling. Trophoblastic glycometabolism reprogramming has now been noticed in the preeclampsia pathogenesis, plausibly modulated by the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling as well. Intriguingly, cellular pyroptosis and metabolic phenotypes may be inextricably linked and interacted. Metformin (MET), a widely accepted NF‐κB signaling inhibitor, may have therapeutic potential in preeclampsia while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of MET on trophoblastic pyroptosis and its relevant metabolism reprogramming. The safety of pharmacologic MET concentration to trophoblasts was verified at first, which had no adverse effects on trophoblastic viability. Pharmacological MET concentration suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome‐induced pyroptosis partly through inhibiting the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling in preeclamptic trophoblast models induced via low‐dose lipopolysaccharide. Besides, MET corrected the glycometabolic reprogramming and oxidative stress partly via suppressing the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling and blocking transcription factor NF‐κB1 binding on the promoter PFKFB3, a potent glycolytic accelerator. Furthermore, PFKFB3 can also enhance the NF‐κB signaling, reduce NLRP3 ubiquitination, and aggravate pyroptosis. However, MET suppressed pyroptosis partly via inhibiting PFKFB3 as well. These results provided that the TLR4/NF‐κB/PFKFB3 pathway may be a novel link between metabolism reprogramming and NLRP3 inflammasome‐induced pyroptosis in trophoblasts. Further, MET alleviates the NLRP3 inflammasome‐induced pyroptosis, which partly relies on the regulation of TLR4/NF‐κB/PFKFB3‐dependent glycometabolism reprogramming and redox disorders. Hence, our results provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and propose MET as a potential therapy.
Soft Computing Methodology to Optimize the Integrated Dynamic Models of Cellular Manufacturing Systems in a Robust Environment
Authors: Golmohammadi Amir-Mohammad , Rasay Hasan , Akhoundpour Amiri Zaynab , Solgi Maryam , Balajeh Negar
Published: November 2021

Machine learning, neural networks, and metaheuristic algorithms are relatively new subjects, closely related to each other: learning is somehow an intrinsic part of all of them. On the other hand, cell formation (CF) and facility layout design are the two fundamental steps in the CMS implementation. To get a successful CMS design, addressing the interrelated decisions simultaneously is important. In this article, a new nonlinear mixed-integer programming model is presented which comprehensively considers solving the integrated dynamic cell formation and inter/intracell layouts in continuous space. In the proposed model, cells are configured in flexible shapes during the planning horizon considering cell capacity in each period. This study considers the exact information about facility layout design and material handling cost. The proposed model is an NP-hard mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. To optimize the proposed problem, first, three metaheuristic algorithms, that is, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Keshtel Algorithm (KA), and Red Deer Algorithm (RDA), are employed. Then, to further improve the quality of the solutions, using machine learning approaches and combining the results of the aforementioned algorithms, a new metaheuristic algorithm is proposed. Numerical examples, sensitivity analyses, and comparisons of the performances of the algorithms are conducted.
OS-LALM-OGM Algorithm-Based Computed Tomography Image for Characteristics and Comorbidities of Patients before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Sun Wenjie , He Jin , Tan Xianzhen , Wang Yi , Chen Fei , Xu Dan , Xie An
Published: November 2021

Based on the ordered subsets (OS), a linear augmentation Lagrangian method (OS-LALM) was constructed, which was then combined with the optimized gradient method (OGM) to construct the OS-LALM-OGM, so as to discuss application of the computed tomography (CT) images based on OS-LALM-OGM in evaluation of clinical manifestations and complications of patients before transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The OS-LALM-OGM was compared with the filtered back projection (FBP) and OS-LALM. In addition, it was applied to evaluate the conditions of 128 patients before TAVI. It was found that the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of OS-LALM-OGM was greater than that of the FBP and OS-LALM when the number of iterations was 5, 20, and 40, while the root mean square error (RMSD) was the opposite (

P
<
0.05

). The proportion of dyspnea was the highest, 38.28%, followed by angina (19.53%) and fainting (21.09%). The long diameter of the annulus and the average inner diameter of the annulus measured by the CT image based on the OS-LALM-OGM algorithm were greatly larger than the inner diameter of the aortic annulus measured by the CT based on the FBP algorithm (

P
<
0.05

); the evaluation sensitivity (95.24%) and specificity (85.85%) of CT based on the OS-LALM-OGM algorithm were obviously greater than those of X-ray, which were 84.43% and 76.77%, respectively (

P
<
0.05

). In short, the OS-LALM-OGM proposed had a relatively excellent effect on CT image reconstruction. The CT image based on the OS-LALM-OGM algorithm showed a better evaluation performance for patients before TAVI than the traditional FBP algorithm, showing higher sensitivity and specificity.
Integrated Strategy of UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Molecular Networking for Identification of Diterpenoids from Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. and Prediction of the Anti-Breast-Cancer Mechanism by the Network Pharmacological Method
Authors: Ma Tian-Cheng , Ma Yu-Kun , Zhang Jin-Ling , Liu Lei , Sun Jia , Guo Li-Na , Liu Qi , Sun Yu
Published: November 2021

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine has been used as adjunctive or complementary therapy for breast cancer. Diterpenoids from Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. have been demonstrated to possess anti-breast-cancer activity. This research was aimed to systematically explore the diterpenoids from E. fischeriana and study the multiple mechanisms on breast cancer. The structures of diterpenoids were identified by the integrated strategy of UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and molecular networking. A total of 177 diterpenoids belonging to 13 types were collected. In silico ADME analysis was performed on these compounds. It indicated that 130 of 177 diterpenoids completely adjusted to Lipinski’s rule. The targets of compounds were obtained from PharmMapper. The targets of breast cancer were collected from GeneCards. Then, 197 compounds-related targets and 544 breast cancer-related targets were identified. After the intersection process, 58 overlapping targets between compounds-related targets and breast cancer-related targets were acquired. The STRING database was applied to predict the protein-protein interactions. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by using the KOBAS database. It indicated that these predicted pathways were closely related to breast cancer. The treatment effect of E. fischeriana on breast cancer might be performed through signaling pathways, such as IL-17 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The predicted top genes such as EGFR, ESR, MAPK, SRC, CASP3, CDK2, and KDR were involved in cell proliferation, gene transcription, apoptosis, signal transduction, DNA damage and repair, tumor differentiation, metastasis, and cell cycle, which indicated that E. fischeriana might treat breast cancer comprehensively. A compounds-KEGG pathways-related targets network was built by using cytoHubba to analyze the hub compounds and targets. It concluded that E. fischeriana treated breast cancer not only by the main components but also by the microconstituents, which reflected the overall regulatory role of multicomponents treating breast cancer. To estimate the binding affinities, binding sites, and binding postures, molecular docking simulations between 177 diterpenoids and top 19 targets were carried out. The results are basically in line with expectations. In conclusion, these results can serve as references for researchers studying potential targets of diterpenoids from E. fischeriana on breast cancer in the future.
Analysis of the Dose Drop at the Edge of the Target Area in Heavy Ion Radiotherapy
Authors: Ma Xiaoyun , Zhang Mengling , Meng Wanbin , Lu Xiaoli , Wang Ziheng , Zhang Yanshan
Published: November 2021

Background. The dose distribution of heavy ions at the edge of the target region will have a steep decay during radiotherapy, which can better protect the surrounding organs at risk. Objective. To analyze the dose decay gradient at the back edge of the target region during heavy ion radiotherapy. Methods. Treatment planning system (TPS) was employed to analyze the dose decay at the edge of the beam under different incident modes and multiple dose segmentation conditions during fixed beam irradiation. The dose decay data of each plan was collected based on the position where the rear edge of the beam began to fall rapidly. Uniform scanning mode was selected in heavy ion TPS. Dose decay curves under different beam setup modes were drawn and compared. Results. The dose decay data analysis showed that in the case of single beam irradiation, the posterior edge of the beam was 5 mm away, and the posterior dose could drop to about 20%. While irradiation in opposite direction, the posterior edge of the beam was 5 mm away, and the dose could drop to about 50%. In orthogonal irradiation of two beams, the posterior edge of the beam could drop to about 30-38% in a distance of 5 mm. Through the data analysis in the TPS, the sharpness of the dose at the back edge of the heavy ion beam is better than that at the lateral edge, but the generated X-ray contamination cannot be ignored. Conclusions. The effect of uneven CT value on the dose decay of heavy ion beam should also be considered in clinical treatment.
Exploration of Redox‐Related Molecular Patterns and the Redox Score for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wu Yue , Zhang Xi , Feng Huan , Hu Bintao , Deng Zhiyao , Wang Chengwei , Liu Bo , Luan Yang , Ruan Yajun , Liu Xiaming , Liu Zhuo , Liu Jihong , Wang Tao
Published: November 2021

Redox homeostasis is the key to cell survival, and its imbalance can promote the occurrence and progression of tumors. However, it remains unclear whether these redox‐related genes (RRGs) have potential roles in the tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy, and drug sensitivity. Here, we performed a systematic and comprehensive analysis of 489 prostate cancer (PC) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and 214 PC samples from 8 datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus database to determine redox modification patterns and the redox scoring system for PC. We identified two modification patterns (Redox_A and Redox_B) in PC using unsupervised consensus clustering based on 1410 differential expression RRGs. We then compared the prognostic value, tumor microenvironment characteristics, immune cell infiltration, and molecular characteristics of the two patterns. The Redox_A pattern was significantly enriched in the carcinogenic activation signaling pathways and had a poor prognosis, while the Redox_B pattern was mainly enriched in a variety of metabolic and redox pathways and had a good prognosis. Next, redox‐related characteristic genes were extracted from these two patterns, and a scoring system (Redox_score) was constructed to evaluate PC patients. Further analysis indicated that lower Redox_score patients had a better prognosis, while higher Redox_score patients had a higher tumor mutation burden, driver gene mutation rate, and immune checkpoint inhibitor gene expression. We also found that higher Redox_score patients were more responsive to anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy. Moreover, Redox_score was determined to be significantly correlated with anticancer drug sensitivity and resistance. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of redox modifications in PC and reveals new patterns of PC based on RRGs, which will provide insights into the complex mechanisms of PC and develop more effective individualized therapeutic strategies.
Elevated Serum Neuropeptide FF Levels Are Associated with Cognitive Decline in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Sun Shifei , Sun Shilong , Meng Yan , Shi Bin , Chen Yuanzhen
Published: November 2021

Background. Spinal cord injury (SCI) has high incidence globally and is frequently accompanied by subsequent cognitive decline. Accurate early risk-categorization of SCI patients for cognitive decline using biomarkers can enable the timely application of appropriate neuroprotective measures and the development of new agents for the management of SCI-associated cognitive decline. Neuropeptide FF is an endogenous neuropeptide with a multitude of functions and is associated with neuroinflammatory processes. This prospective study investigated the predictive value of serum neuropeptide FF levels measured after acute SCI for subsequent cognitive decline. Methods. 88 patients presenting with acute SCI without preexisting neurological injury, brain trauma, or severe systemic illness and 60 healthy controls were recruited. Serum neuropeptide FF levels, clinical, and routine laboratory variables including low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels collected from all subjects were assessed. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was performed 3 months after enrollment. SCI patients were grouped according to quartile of serum neuropeptide FF level and MoCA scores were compared using ANOVA. Additionally, multivariate linear regression with clinical and laboratory variables was performed to predict MoCA scores. Results. SCI patients displayed significantly higher baseline serum neuropeptide FF levels than healthy controls (

38.5
±
4.1

versus

23.4
±
2.0
 
pg
/
ml

,

p
<

0.001

∗

∗

). SCI patients in higher quartiles of baseline serum neuropeptide FF displayed significantly lower MoCA scores at 3 months. Linear regression analysis indicated serum neuropeptide FF levels as a significant independent predictor of worse MoCA scores after SCI (

r
=
0.331

,

p
=

0.034

∗

). Conclusion. Early serum neuropeptide FF levels significantly and independently predicted cognitive decline after acute SCI among patients without preexisting neurological disorders.
Retrospection of Analytical Data Collected through Smart Devices for Diseases and Disability Caused by Physical Inactivity
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu
Published: November 2021

The basic meaning of inactive lifestyle is doing sedentary activities. This includes playing video games, watching TV, operating computers, and sitting in a particular place for a long time. It may be sitting on the train or in bus, car, or office. This has many adverse effects on our bodies. This paper emphasizes the importance of physical activity, and a case study is presented to support the hypothesis that physical activity can certainly help improve human health. The diseases caused by inactive life are discussed in our paper. In this paper, a case study is described in which 200 individuals have participated in an activity called “Activity is Life,” with the goal of improving the sedentary lifestyle and getting rid of physical ailments. The usage of analytical tools is made to analyse the data collected from the empirical research study, and IoT-based smart devices are used to capture the runtime data. The physicians and nurses have odd working hours, they have to go through many stress-induced situations, and most of them are suffering from life-threatening diseases such as depression, hypertension, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. The main reason is inactivity in their lifestyles. To carry out an experimental study and to see the impact of regular activities on the health of doctors and nurses, a program was designed where 200 participants have participated. It is found that the activity-based 30-day program yielded great health benefits, including reduction in stress level, improvement in sleep quality index, and improvement in blood pressure values.
Defense Strategy Selection Model Based on Multistage Evolutionary Game Theory
Authors: Liu Yanhua , Chen Hui , Zhang Hao , Liu Ximeng
Published: November 2021

Evolutionary game theory is widely applied in network attack and defense. The existing network attack and defense analysis methods based on evolutionary games adopt the bounded rationality hypothesis. However, the existing research ignores that both sides of the game get more information about each other with the deepening of the network attack and defense game, which may cause the attacker to crack a certain type of defense strategy, resulting in an invalid defense strategy. The failure of the defense strategy reduces the accuracy and guidance value of existing methods. To solve the above problem, we propose a reward value learning mechanism (RLM). By analyzing previous game information, RLM automatically incentives or punishes the attack and defense reward values for the next stage, which reduces the probability of defense strategy failure. RLM is introduced into the dynamic network attack and defense process under incomplete information, and a multistage evolutionary game model with a learning mechanism is constructed. Based on the above model, we design the optimal defense strategy selection algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the evolutionary game model with RLM has better results in the value of reward and defense success rate than the evolutionary game model without RLM.
Robust Zero Watermarking Algorithm for Medical Images Based on Zernike-DCT
Authors: Yang Chengshan , Li Jingbing , Bhatti Uzair Aslam , Liu Jing , Ma Jixin , Huang Mengxing
Published: November 2021

Digital medical system not only facilitates the storage and transmission of medical information but also brings information security problems. Aiming at the security of medical images, a robust zero watermarking algorithm for medical images based on Zernike-DCT is proposed. The algorithm first uses a chaotic logic sequence to preprocess and encrypt the watermark, then performs edge detection and Zernike moment processing on the original medical image to get the accurate edge points, and then performs discrete cosine transform (DCT) on them to get the feature vector. Finally, it combines perceptual Hash and zero watermark technology to generate the key to complete the watermark embedding and extraction. The algorithm has good robustness to conventional and geometric attacks, strong antinoise ability, high positioning accuracy, and processing efficiency and is superior to the classical edge detection algorithm in extraction effect. It is a stable and reliable image edge detection algorithm.
Timely Diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Using Artificial Intelligence‐Oriented Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Rezayi Sorayya , Mohammadzadeh Niloofar , Bouraghi Hamid , Saeedi Soheila , Mohammadpour Ali
Published: November 2021

Background. Leukemia is fatal cancer in both children and adults and is divided into acute and chronic. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a subtype of this cancer. Early diagnosis of this disease can have a significant impact on the treatment of this disease. Computational intelligence‐oriented techniques can be used to help physicians identify and classify ALL rapidly. Materials and Method. In this study, the utilized dataset was collected from a CodaLab competition to classify leukemic cells from normal cells in microscopic images. Two famous deep learning networks, including residual neural network (ResNet‐50) and VGG‐16 were employed. These two networks are already trained by our assigned parameters, meaning we did not use the stored weights; we adjusted the weights and learning parameters too. Also, a convolutional network with ten convolutional layers and 2∗2 max‐pooling layers—with strides 2—was proposed, and six common machine learning techniques were developed to classify acute lymphoblastic leukemia into two classes. Results. The validation accuracies (the mean accuracy of training and test networks for 100 training cycles) of the ResNet‐50, VGG‐16, and the proposed convolutional network were found to be 81.63%, 84.62%, and 82.10%, respectively. Among applied machine learning methods, the lowest obtained accuracy was related to multilayer perceptron (27.33%) and highest for random forest (81.72%). Conclusion. This study showed that the proposed convolutional neural network has optimal accuracy in the diagnosis of ALL. By comparing various convolutional neural networks and machine learning methods in diagnosing this disease, the convolutional neural network achieved good performance and optimal execution time without latency. This proposed network is less complex than the two pretrained networks and can be employed by pathologists and physicians in clinical systems for leukemia diagnosis.
AdaCN: An Adaptive Cubic Newton Method for Nonconvex Stochastic Optimization
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Maojun , Zhong Zhiwei , Zeng Xiangrong
Published: November 2021

In this work, we introduce AdaCN, a novel adaptive cubic Newton method for nonconvex stochastic optimization. AdaCN dynamically captures the curvature of the loss landscape by diagonally approximated Hessian plus the norm of difference between previous two estimates. It only requires at most first order gradients and updates with linear complexity for both time and memory. In order to reduce the variance introduced by the stochastic nature of the problem, AdaCN hires the first and second moment to implement and exponential moving average on iteratively updated stochastic gradients and approximated stochastic Hessians, respectively. We validate AdaCN in extensive experiments, showing that it outperforms other stochastic first order methods (including SGD, Adam, and AdaBound) and stochastic quasi‐Newton method (i.e., Apollo), in terms of both convergence speed and generalization performance.
Experimental Investigations on Charge Induction and Microseismic Characteristics of the Coal and Rock under Different Loading Rates
Authors: Liu Yuchun , Ding Ling , Zhao Yangfeng , Fan Yi , Li Hongfei
Published: November 2021

The research on charge induction and microseismic characteristics of coal and rock under different loading rates is of great significance for rockburst prediction. In this study, the coal and sandstone samples from the No. 11 mine of Pingdingshan Coal Mine are prepared. The charge induction and microseismic synchronous comprehensive monitoring system is built. The uniaxial compression tests of coal and sandstone samples under the different loading rates are conducted. The charge induction and microseismic signal characteristics in the deformation and fracture process of the coal and rock under the different loading rates are studied. The results show that, with the increase of loading rate, the compressive strength of the coal and rock samples increases and the time from the peak stress to instability failure becomes shorter. At the same loading rate, the softening failure stage time of coal is longer than that of sandstone. With the increase of loading rate, the duration of charge‐induced signal and microseismic signal is longer and the events’ number and amplitude of charge signal and microseismic signal increase in the deformation and fracture process of the coal and rock. Before the instability failure, the charge‐induced signal and microseismic signal have both synchronous and asynchronous signals, and the amplitude of charge‐induced and microseismic signals in each channel is different, which is related to the distance from the position of each sensor to the fracture point of the sample. During the instability failure, the charge induction and microseismic signals of each channel are generated synchronously, and the signal amplitude reaches the maximum values of 50 pC and 6 × 10−3 m/s at the same time. With the increase of specimen stress, the dominant frequency of microseismic signals first increases and then decreases, while the amplitude of dominant frequency increases synchronously. The dominant frequency amplitude of microseismic signals is the largest in instability failure. With the increase of loading rate, the spectrum amplitude of microseismic signals changes little in the compaction stage, but the spectrum amplitude increases in other stages. At the same loading speed, the events’ number of the microseismic signal of coal samples after peak stress is more than that of sandstone samples, and the signal amplitude is also larger. However, the spectrum distribution range of microseismic signals of coal samples is wider than that of sandstone samples, and the spectrum amplitude of coal samples is lower than that of sandstone. With the increase of loading rate, the time of the first generation of high‐amplitude signals is advanced, and the stress of specimen becomes smaller when the first generation of high‐amplitude signals occurs. With the increase of loading rate, the duration of microseismic and charge signal is longer, and the mean square amplitude of charge signal is larger.
Risk Assessment of Water Environment Treatment PPP Projects Based on a Cloud Model
Authors: Zhang Yaqiong , He Nan , Li Yijing , Chen Yiyang , Wang Lei , Ran Yunlong
Published: November 2021

Risk assessment of public-private partnership projects has been recently acknowledged as a crucial issue in infrastructure projects. Objective assessment of risk status is conducive to the establishment of scientific and reasonable management measures. The particularity of evaluating water environment treatment PPP projects means that random errors in the evaluation index and the threshold fuzziness of evaluation degrees are issues that require attention. This paper uses the Pythagorean fuzzy cloud model to process the randomness and fuzziness of the indicators. This study assessed the risks of an iconic water environment treatment PPP project inn mid-China. The risk ranks were evaluated in terms of five dimensions: political, economic, construction completion, operational, and ecological. Moreover, the results of the evaluation were compared with results derived using a regular cloud model. It was found that the Pythagorean fuzzy cloud model produced results consistent with the regular method, while also having the advantage of reflecting the randomness and fuzziness of the evaluation indicators. According to the evaluation data in this case, the project risks were ranked as follows: political > construction completion > operational > ecological > economic. The overall project risk was medium. This study’s results could provide technical support for water treatment PPP project risk assessment, indicator measurement, and statistical error control.
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Bearing Based on Convolutional Neural Network and Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory
Authors: You Dazhang , Chen Linbo , Liu Fei , Zhang YePeng , Shang Wei , Hu Yameng , Liu Wei
Published: November 2021

The traditional bearing fault diagnosis methods have complex operation processes and poor generalization ability, while the diagnosis accuracy of the existing intelligent diagnosis methods needs to be further improved. Therefore, a novel fault diagnosis approach named CNN‐BLSTM for bearing is presented based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and bidirectional long short‐term memory (BLSTM) in this paper. This method directly takes the collected one‐dimensional raw vibration signal as input and adaptively extracts the feature information through CNN. Then, the BLSTM is used to fuse the extracted features to acquire the failure information sufficiently and prevent the model from overfitting. Finally, two different experimental datasets are used to verify the effectiveness of the method. The experimental results show that the proposed CNN‐BLSTM model can accurately diagnose the fault category of bearings. It has the advantages of rapidity, stability, antinoise, and strong generalization.
KIF4A Regulates the Progression of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma through Proliferation and Invasion
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhao Cui-Cui , Chen Fei-Ran , Feng Guo-Wei , Luo Fei , Jiang Tao
Published: November 2021

Background. Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract, which is difficult to diagnose and treat due to bad early diagnosis. We aimed to explore the role of kinesin superfamily 4A (KIF4A) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods. We first used the bioinformatic website to screen the data of pancreatic cancer in TCGA, and KIF4A protein was detected among the 86 specimens of patients in our hospital combined with clinic‐pathological characteristics and survival analysis. KIF4A loss‐expression cell lines were established by RNA interference (RNAi). In addition, we performed in vitro cell assays to detect the changes in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The proteins involved in the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells were also detected by western blot. The above results could be proved in vivo. Further, the correlation between KIF4A and CDC5L was analyzed by TCGA and IHC data. Results. We first found a high expression of KIF4A in pancreatic cancer, suggesting a role of KIF4A in the development of pancreatic cancer. KIF4A was found to be differentially expressed (P < 0.05) among the 86 specimens of patients in our hospital and was significantly associated with PDAC TNM stages and tumor size. High KIF4A expression also significantly worsened overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival rate (DFS) (P < 0.05, respectively). In addition, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were inhibited by the KIF4A‐shRNA group compared with the control (P < 0.05, respectively). In the end, knockdown of KIF4A could inhibit tumor development and metastasis in vivo. Further, the positive correlation between KIF4A and CDC5L existed, and KIF4A might promote pancreatic cancer proliferation by affecting CDC5L expression. Conclusion. In conclusion, the high expression level of KIF4A in PDAC was closely related to poor clinical and pathological status, lymphatic metastasis, and vascular invasion. KIF4A might be involved in promoting the development of PDAC in vitro and in vivo, which might be a new therapeutic target of PDAC.
Computational Learning Model for Prediction of Heart Disease Using Machine Learning Based on a New Regularizer
Authors: Albahr Abdulaziz , Albahar Marwan , Thanoon Mohammed , Binsawad Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Heart diseases are characterized as heterogeneous diseases comprising multiple subtypes. Early diagnosis and prognosis of heart disease are essential to facilitate the clinical management of patients. In this research, a new computational model for predicting early heart disease is proposed. The predictive model is embedded in a new regularization based on decaying the weights according to the weight matrices’ standard deviation and comparing the results against its parents (RSD‐ANN). The performance of RSD‐ANN is far better than that of the existing methods. Based on our experiments, the average validation accuracy computed was 96.30% using either the tenfold cross‐validation or holdout method.
Spheroids of Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells for Bladder Tissue Engineering
Authors: Gerwinn Tim , Salemi Souzan , Krattiger Lisa , Eberli Daniel , Horst Maya
Published: November 2021

Cell‐based tissue engineering (TE) has been proposed to improve treatment outcomes in end‐stage bladder disease, but TE approaches with 2D smooth muscle cell (SMC) culture have so far been unsuccessful. Here, we report the development of primary bladder‐derived 3D SMC spheroids that outperform 2D SMC cultures in differentiation, maturation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Bladder SMC spheroids were compared with 2D cultures using live‐dead staining, qRT‐PCR, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting to investigate culture conditions, contractile phenotype, and ECM deposition. The SMC spheroids were viable for up to 14 days and differentiated rather than proliferating. Spheroids predominantly expressed the late myogenic differentiation marker MyH11, whereas 2D SMC expressed more of the general SMC differentiation marker α‐SMA and less MyH11. Furthermore, the expression of bladder wall‐specific ECM proteins in SMC spheroids was markedly higher. This first establishment and analysis of primary bladder SMC spheroids are particularly promising for TE because differentiated SMCs and ECM deposition are a prerequisite to building a functional bladder wall substitute. We were able to confirm that SMC spheroids are promising building blocks for studying detrusor regeneration in detail and may provide improved function and regenerative potential, contributing to taking bladder TE a significant step forward.
Adjuvant Pembrolizumab versus IFNα2b or Ipilimumab in Resected High-Risk Melanoma
Authors: Grossmann Kenneth F. , Othus Megan , Patel Sapna P. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Sondak Vernon K. , Knopp Michael V. , Petrella Teresa M. , Truong Thach-Giao , Khushalani Nikhil I. , Cohen Justine V. , Buchbinder Elizabeth I. , Kendra Kari , Funchain Pauline , Lewis Karl D. , Conry Robert M. , Chmielowski Bartosz , Kudchadkar Ragini R. , Johnson Douglas B. , Li Hongli , Moon James , Eroglu Zeynep , Gastman Brian , Kovacsovics-Bankowski Magdalena , Gunturu Krishna S. , Ebbinghaus Scot W. , Ahsan Sama , Ibrahim Nageatte , Sharon Elad , Korde Larissa A. , Kirkwood John M. , Ribas Antoni
Published: November 2021

We conducted a randomized phase III trial to evaluate whether adjuvant pembrolizumab for one year (647 patients) improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS) in comparison with high-dose IFNα-2b for one year or ipilimumab for up to three years (654 patients), the approved standard-of-care adjuvant immunotherapies at the time of enrollment for patients with high-risk resected melanoma. At a median follow-up of 47.5 months, pembrolizumab was associated with significantly longer RFS than prior standard-of-care adjuvant immunotherapies [HR, 0.77; 99.62% confidence interval (CI), 0.59–0.99; P = 0.002]. There was no statistically significant association with OS among all patients (HR, 0.82; 96.3% CI, 0.61–1.09; P = 0.15). Proportions of treatment-related adverse events of grades 3 to 5 were 19.5% with pembrolizumab, 71.2% with IFNα-2b, and 49.2% with ipilimumab. Therefore, adjuvant pembrolizumab significantly improved RFS but not OS compared with the prior standard-of-care immunotherapies for patients with high-risk resected melanoma.

Significance:

Adjuvant PD-1 blockade therapy decreases the rates of recurrence, but not survival, in patients with surgically resectable melanoma, substituting the prior standard-of-care immunotherapies for this cancer.

See related commentary by Smithy and Shoushtari, p. 599.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 587
Fotos de Himmelweg y El cartógrafo
Authors: Brizuela Mabel , Brignone Germán
Published: November 2021

Fotos de Himmelweg y El cartógrafo.
Sobre La intérprete
Authors: Brignone Germán
Published: November 2021

Comentario sobre La intérprete, obra inédita de Juan Mayorga.
Escrita de Trânsito Universal: o drama trans de Copi
Authors: Delmanto Ivan
Published: November 2021

O artigo analisa um texto teatral do autor argentino Copi, buscando abordar implicações de diferentes noções de identidade no teatro argentino moderno. Procura-se demonstrar que aspectos do teatro contemporâneo, antecipados na obra do autor argentino, tais como a participação criadora do espectador na experiência artística e a existência de um conceito ampliado de encenação, são necessários para se compreender a espécie de escrita de trânsito universal, fortemente ancorada à realidade histórica argentina, presente em Eva Perón de Copi.
Discusión sobre el lugar de la cultura en la enseñanza de lenguas: sobre la no dicotomía entre lengua y cultura
Authors: Souza Junior Jorge Rodrigues de
Published: November 2021

La discusión sobre cultura, en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, se realiza bajo una dicotomía entre lengua y cultura. Con relación a las prácticas de español para brasileños, hay un silenciamiento de temas como la colonialidad del poder y del saber, el eurocentrismo y la globalización, bajo el efecto de un silenciamiento de la propagación y de la imposición de saberes que ese proceso realiza bajo el poder económico. Discutiremos cultura como una posibilidad de legitimar sentidos producidos desde territorialidades que estuvieron bajo procesos de colonización, poniendo de relieve lo que Sousa Santos (2010) llama epistemologías del sur. Consideramos que tal discusión teórica sea propicia para discutir cultura como un objeto discursivo, como una materialidad discursiva constituida ideológica e históricamente (Pêcheux, 2002). Presentaremos enunciados tomados de un texto literario para discutir las relaciones culturales entre pueblos que pasaron por procesos de colonización, sin olvidarnos de los aspectos lingüísticos y discursivos que son inherentes a esas materialidades discursivas.
Systems Approach to Integrating Preclinical Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Investigations Reveals Novel Etiologic Pathways and Master Atherosclerosis Network in Humans
Authors: Shuey Megan M. , Xiang Rachel R. , Moss M. Elizabeth , Carvajal Brigett V. , Wang Yihua , Camarda Nicholas , Fabbri Daniel , Rahman Protiva , Ramsey Jacob , Stepanian Alec , Sebastiani Paola , Wells Quinn S. , Beckman Joshua A. , Jaffe Iris Z.
Published: November 2021

Objective:

Animal models of atherosclerosis are used extensively to interrogate molecular mechanisms in serial fashion. We tested whether a novel systems biology approach to integration of preclinical data identifies novel pathways and regulators in human disease.

Approach and Results:

Of 716 articles published in
ATVB
from 1995 to 2019 using the apolipoprotein E knockout mouse to study atherosclerosis, data were extracted from 360 unique studies in which a gene was experimentally perturbed to impact plaque size or composition and analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. TREM1 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells) signaling and LXR/RXR (liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor) activation were identified as the top atherosclerosis-associated pathways in mice (both
P
<1.93×10
−
4
, TREM1 implicated early and LXR/RXR in late atherogenesis). The top upstream regulatory network in mice (sc-58125, a COX2 inhibitor) linked 64.0% of the genes into a single network. The pathways and networks identified in mice were interrogated by testing for associations between the genetically predicted gene expression of each mouse pathway-identified human homolog with clinical atherosclerosis in a cohort of 88 660 human subjects. Homologous human pathways and networks were significantly enriched for gene-atherosclerosis associations (empirical
P
<0.01 for TREM1 and LXR/RXR pathways and COX2 network). This included 12(60.0%) TREM1 pathway genes, 15(53.6%) LXR/RXR pathway genes, and 67(49.3%) COX2 network genes. Mouse analyses predicted, and human study validated, the strong association of COX2 expression (
PTGS2
) with increased likelihood of atherosclerosis (odds ratio, 1.68 per SD of genetically predicted gene expression;
P
=1.07×10
−
6
).

Conclusions:

PRESCIANT (Preclinical Science Integration and Translation) leverages published preclinical investigations to identify high-confidence pathways, networks, and regulators of human disease.
A revised infrageneric classification of Bellevalia Lapeyr. (Asparagaceae: Scilloideae) based on molecular analysis
Authors: JAFARI AZARNOOSH , VAEZI JAMIL , FORGHANIFARD MOHAMMAD MAHDI , FOREST FÉLIX , MANNING JOHN C.
Published: November 2021

Within the genus Bellevalia (Asparagaceae: Scilloideae: Hyacintheae), flower shape and colour, the ratio of leaf to scape length, and the orientation of the pedicels were traditionally used to delimit sections, subsections and species. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of representative species from sections Bellevalia, Conicae, Nutantes and Oxydontae, representing four out of the six sections that are currently recognised, using the four chloroplast regions rbcL, matK, trnL intron, and trnL-F spacer. Our results indicate that the sections are not monophyletic as currently circumscribed. Our analyses retrieve two major, well-supported clades. The first clade (sect. Conicae) includes only species with ciliate leaves and green-veined perianth lobes, and the second clade (sect. Bellevalia) includes the species lacking these characteristics. Within the second clade, the species with yellow anthers are separated from those with violet anthers. Our molecular analysis does not support the traditional subdivisions of the genus but establishes the value of cilia on the leaf margin, green veins in the perianths lobes, and the colour of the anthers as indicators of relationships among the species. We recommend that the current four sections and six subsections of Bellevalia be reduced to two sections without subsections and we provide an updated and corrected nomenclature for these sections and subsections, designating lectotypes where necessary.
A new species of Typhonoya Prozorov (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae, Lasiocampinae, Gastropachini) from the moist broadleaf forest of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: PROZOROV ALEXEY M. , PROZOROVA TATIANA A. , MAPILANGA JEAN JOSEPH , HAUSMANN AXEL , MÜLLER GÜNTER C. , YAKOVLEV ROMAN V. , VOLKOVA JULIA S. , ZOLOTUHIN VADIM V.
Published: November 2021

The second species of the genus Typhonoya Prozorov 2011—T. kravchenkoi Prozorov, Müller & Zolotuhin sp. n. from the Democratic Republic of the Congo is described. A previously monotypic genus becomes bitypic. One paratype specimen was collected in the buffer zone of the southern part of the Salonga National Park during a one year-long stationary expedition (June 2017–June 2018). Spread imagoes, heads, legs, venations and genitalia of both species are figured and compared. Additional notes on the genus description and previously known species are added.
Effects of Coating by Chitosan, TiO2 Nanoparticles, and Sodium Tripolyphosphate as Crosslinker on Stored Cucumber Fruits
Authors: Sami Rokayya , Khojah Ebtihal , Helal Mahmoud , Elhakem Abeer , Benajiba Nada , A.M. Al-Mushhin Amina , Saeed Alkaltham Mohammed , Mohammad Salamatullah Ahmad , Vivek Kambhampati , Fouda N.
Published: November 2021

Cucumber fruit contains essential nutrients and fibers and is used widely in salads dressing. Scarce research is available on its storage with nanoparticles and chitosan combined effects. Hence, the objective of this current research was to evaluate some Physico-chemical properties
and microbial activity after coating with the combination of chitosan, TiO2 nanoparticles, and sodium tripolyphosphate to enhance the cucumbers storability and prolong the shelf-life. The cucumbers fruits were divided into four groups and dipped into several coating solutions for
10 minutes such as distilled water (Cu-uncoated), chitosan 1% (Cu-Chitosan), chitosan 1%, titanium dioxide nanoparticles 1% (Cu-Chitosan-TDN), and chitosan 1%, titanium dioxide nanoparticles 1%, sodium tripolyphosphate 2% (Cu-Chitosan-TDN-ST), respectively. The cucumber samples were then air-dried
at ambient temperature and chilled to 10 °C for storage and evaluation for every seven days until three weeks. Cu-uncoated had the highest weight loss with a value of 5.15%, followed by Cu-Chitosan 4.11% while Cu-Chitosan-TDN and Cu-Chitosan-TDN-ST reported the least weight loss of (3.43%
and 3.01%, respectively) after 7 days of the storage period. The results reported that the firmness of the samples was found to be decreased during the whole storage time except in the treatments Cu-Chitosan-TDN-ST and Cu-Chitosan-TDN in which it was noticed to be better in firmness after
21 days of storage (55.12 N/mm and 50.67 N/mm), respectively. Total soluble solids were lower in the coated cucumbers compared with the uncoated samples. Titratable acidity of Cu-Chitosan-TDN-ST 0.26% treated sample increased more as compared with Cu-Chitosan-TDN 0.24% samples at the end of
the storage period. The highest increase in pectin content was recorded for Cu-Chitosan-TDN samples 0.042 g/100 g on the 21st day. Nano-coating with the combination of chitosan declared the dietary fiber content changes rate than in samples with the addition of sodium tripolyphosphate. Besides,
the antimicrobial activity of the chitosan/nanofilms has been improved with the addition of sodium tripolyphosphate as crosslinker 3.67 CFU/g on the 21st day of storage. Thus, nano-coating with the combination of sodium tripolyphosphate has proven to be efficient method in extending the shelf-life
of cucumber samples.