bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences of Molding Pressure on Products Morphology and Carbonated Efficiency of Calcium Hydroxide
Authors: Cao Ming Li , Li Yong
Published: March 2014

The products and carbonated efficiency were two major aspects on carbonation of waste mineral and the carbonated efficiency and products morphology would make a very big difference under the different molding pressures. The conditions of this study were as follows: water to solid ratio (W/S), CO2 pressure and mass fraction were 0.15, 0.2 MPa and 99.9%,respectively, and the molding pressures were ranged from 0 MPa to 8 MPa. After carbonation, the carbonated efficiency and microstructure were perform with CO2 mass gain degree and SEM, respectively. As the results, low molding pressure was beneficial to early carbonation and high molding pressure can improve later carbonation. The products morphology were became from rhombohedron to smooth ellipsoid with the molding pressure increased. The XRD pattern showed that only calcite was formed in this study.
Experimental Study on the Solubility of O2 and N2 in the Liquid Oil at Low Pressure
Authors: Ding Chao , Tang Yan Fei , Zhang Xiao Hui , Yao Jia Jie , Wang Jian
Published: March 2014

The solubility of oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) in the liquid oil (non-volatile oil: soybean oil and sunflower oil, volatile oil: aviation kerosene) were measured in the temperature with 293.15 K, 303.15 K and 313.15 K, and pressures up to 0.1MPa. The experimental data in soybean oil and sunflower oil were processed by R-K gas state equation, and based on this to analysis the data in volatile oil: aviation kerosene. The results show that solubility of O2 and N2 in liquids is in linear relationship with pressure, but nonlinear relationship with temperature, while, under the condition of same temperature and pressure, solubility of O2 is far greater than N2 both in non-volatile oil and volatile oil. The relationship between the solubility of oxygen (nitrogen) and pressure (temperature) can be useful in practical applications. Specifically speaking, it provides valuable references to help developing the storage technology of edible oil and extending the shelf life of food, etc.
Performance of Sodium Chlorite/Urea on Simultaneous Desulfurization and Denitrification in a Rotating Packed Bed
Authors: Wu Hong Guan , Jin Mei , Wang Fang , Yu Guo Xian , Lu Ping
Published: March 2014

Performance of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification from N2-NO-SO2simulated flue gas using sodium chlorite as the additive and urea as the reductant in a rotating packed bed was investigated. In RPB, various rotational speeds, the flow rates of SO2, the flow rates of NO and the liquid flow rates were studied by means of the calculation of the removal efficiencies of SO2and NO. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of SO2was higher than 99.00% under various experimental conditions, while the removal efficiency of NO exhibited different results. A better simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification behavior could be obtained under the conditions of a SO2-NO-N2simulated flue gas with the ratio of SO2/NO/ N2=6:4:8.33(v), a rotational speed of 460 rpm and an absorbent flow rate of 120 L/h.
Comparison of Hydrodynamic Performance of Ducted Propeller and Ordinary Propeller on Trawler
Authors: Li Chao , Chen Zhi Xin
Published: March 2014

With the 42m trawler as object, an ordinary propeller and a ducted propeller are designed and their open water hydrodynamic performance are simulated by using CFD software. The computed results and experimental results of ducted propeller are in good agreement, which verified the reliability of numerical calculation. Then the computed results of ordinary propeller and ducted propeller are compared with each other, it is found that the thrust and torque of ducted propeller is bigger than ordinary propeller in trawling. This article also discusses the pressure distribution of their blade and the reason why ducted propeller has a better hydrodynamic performance is studied.
Application Research of Environmental Friendly Material for Architecture
Authors: Yang Fang Fang
Published: March 2014

This paper analyzes the causes of the traditional building materials to produce pollution. The application of environmental friendly materials in buildings is proposed. The characteristics, classification of environmentally friendly materials and the specific application cases are also described. The enhancement of environmental awareness improves the application of environmental friendly materials, which determines the environmental friendly material becomes the trend of development of the construction industry in the world.
Research on Mechanical Mechanics with Optimization and Upgrading of Public Bicycle System Based on "Wuhan" Mode
Authors: Wang Jia Ying , Lu Ti Wen , Tu Ming
Published: March 2014

Wuhan is the first city in China to establish a free public bicycle system. This paper gives qualitative and quantitative analysis of public bicycle system impact on the residents via questionnaire survey. By building site model, the rationality of bicycle site setting is discussed. Based on analysis, the paper offer some proposals combined with "Wuhan mode" feature as to achieve the significantly improvement of Wuhan public bicycle usage, change the current situation in Wuhan traffic congestion and reduce vehicle emissions of harmful gases. By mechanical mechanics analysis, ensure the reliability of bicycle mechanics column.
Experimental Study on Critical Load of Compression Column with a Rectangular Cross-Section Based on Material Mechanics
Authors: Zhuo Shi Chuang , Zhang Qiang , Li Shun Cai
Published: March 2014

By means of resistance strain gauge and multifunctional test bench of materials mechanics, the relation curve between the axial compressive forces of the two-ends hinged column with a rectangular cross-section and total bridge strain was obtained by the resistance strain measurement method, accordingly, by the horizontal asymptote of this relation curve the critical load of compression column was obtained. The study indicates that the critical load obtained respectively by the resistance strain measurement method and Euler formula theory fits very well, and the research results verified the reliability of the experimental method.
Effect of EPS on Membrane Pollution in IMBR
Authors: You Kun , Liu Jun , Yuan Ya Shu
Published: March 2014

Using the IMBR processing simulation sewage test, The aim was to determine effect of EPS on membrane pollution in IMBR.The result showed that EPS was key to control membrane pollution during the system running 40 days. When EPS was between 14.85 and 19.44 mg.g-1MLSS, the membrane pollution only rose from 12.74 to 36.26Pa.After accumulated with the continuous increase of EPS, membrane pollution was getting worse. At the end of the running of the system, EPS, polysaccharide content increased to 71.08 and 63.92 mg.g-1MLSS. membrane pollution was271.46Pa. IMBR effluent quality was stable ,but membrane pollution was serious.
Research on Modern Urban Environmental Construction from Inspiration of the Chinese Ancient Ecological
Authors: Wu Chao Yan
Published: March 2014

Every country seeks the model of city development for the humans future. The consensus is building ecological-sustainable development city. To our country, we can retrospect those theories in ancient country construction. Chinese ancient ecological ideology contains abundant environmental philosophical views and cultural resources. The paper introduces the standpoint of humans amalgamation with nature from the perspectives of Chinese ancient ecological ideology, points out the derivations in the process of modern urban construction in our country, then offers suggestions for re-interpreting modern values of ancient ecological ideology, in order to provides beneficial inspiration for building modern ecological-sustainable cities.
Hydrothermal Treatment Technology of Municipal Sewage Sludge
Authors: Qian Li Li , Wang Shu Zhong , Tang Xing Ying
Published: March 2014

In China, over 28 million tons of dewatered sewage sludge, with 80 wt% moisture content, was generated from wastewater treatment plants in 2011. High moisture content is the bottleneck of sludge treatment and disposal. Thermal drying technology can significantly reduce the moisture content of sludge but its cost is too high. Hydrothermal treatment technology based on cell-break principle can efficiently and economically reduce the moisture content of sludge. This paper will introduce the specific process, features, treatment effect of this technology and propose an economic evaluation. The results show that hydrothermal treatment technology is a reasonable and economical method for treating sewage sludge in cities.
Research on Electronic Technology in Risk Analysis of Power System Based on Electronic Materials and Geomagnetic Storm Scene Model
Authors: Wu Wei Li
Published: March 2014

Power system storm disaster risk assessment need to simulate the storm scene, the storm induced electric field is one of the key places. Spatial and temporal distribution model of electronic technology is proposed to establish an electric field and magnetic storms inductively for 7-9 November 2004 geomagnetic storm scenario simulated observational data, and integration with the power system, as an application of the GIC were considered the standard case model risk analysis system running under the impact of the storm. Numerical results show that the electronic materials model can effectively simulate the storm scene and can easily be combined with the power system parameters.
Corrosion of an Austenitic Heat-Resistant Steel HR3C in High-Temperature Steam and Supercritical Water
Authors: Li Yan Hui , Wang Shu Zhong , Li Xue Dong , Lu Jia Ming
Published: March 2014

By Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD) and Cross hatch scanning analysis method, the corrosion behaviors of the HR3C steel in high temperature steam and supercritical water was investigated. The results indicates that within the scope of these tests, the corrosion rate of HR3C steel increases with an increase in temperature, which negatively correlates with the pH value of working medium, while the pressure has fewer effects on it. For specimens with the exposure time of 100h under various corrosion conditions, the oxide films almost cant be detected on all specimen surfaces, indicating the high corrosion resistance of HR3C steel. After long time oxidation corrosion in high temperature or supercritical water, the common oxide film of HR3C steel is always composed of four layers, from the oxide layer to the steel matrix, which are Fe3O4, pyknotic Cr2O3, partial oxidation layer with rich Cr element, and (Fe, Cr) 3O4 spinel layer in turn.
Analysis on the Structure and Mechanism of Cracking and Spalling for Super304H Steel Oxide Films in High-Temperature Steam
Authors: Li Yan Hui , Wang Shu Zhong , Li Xue Dong , Ren Meng Meng
Published: March 2014

In this paper, by means of Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD) and Cross hatch scanning analysis, the Structure and mechanism of cracking and spalling for Super304H steel oxide films in high temperature steam were investigated. With the oxidation proceeding, the surface of Super304H steel specimens is covered by a large amount of tiny holes, which causes the occurrence of an outer oxide layer. The Super304H oxide film generally has a double-layer structure: the outer layer mainly for iron oxide Fe3O4, also being covered by a small amount of Fe2O3, and the inner layer with the FeCr2O4 spinel phase as primary component. Because of the inhomogeneity of oxide distribution, large amounts of smaller gaps appear in the Super304H steel oxide films. Due to the differences among the outer layer, the inner layer and steel matrix in thermal expansion coefficient, when the steam temperature around the specimen changes periodically, the stress variation arise in the Super304H steel and oxide films, which causes the cracking and spalling of oxide films.
Study on Calculation Formula of Seismic Shear Capacity of the Core of Concrete Frame Joint Strengthened by Sprayed FRP
Authors: Yang Zhao , Wu Cai , Yang Zhi
Published: March 2014

Joints are the weak parts in the concrete frame structures, which are easy to be damaged in earthquake and cause the entire collapse of the structure. The technique of Sprayed FRP used for reinforcing concrete frame joints has many advantages, but the study is just started. The paper studied the seismic shear capacity of the core of the concrete frame joints strengthened by Sprayed FRP. Through the analysis of the mechanism of Sprayed FRP, the calculation formula of seismic shear capacity of the core of the joints strengthened by Sprayed FRP was established. The study may provide theoretical basis for further study of this new technology.
Study on the Corrosion Behaviour of Nickel-Base Alloy 625 in Landfill Leachate Treated by Supercritical Water Oxidation
Authors: Xiao Min Yan
Published: March 2014

Experiments were conducted to study the corrosion behaviors of nickel-base alloy 625 under various temperature and oxygen fluxes, since severe corrosion always happens in landfill leachate treated by supercritical water oxidation. It indicates that under the condition of various oxygen fluxes, corrosion rates of nickel-base alloy 625 have similar variation, but at different temperature, such variation of corrosion rates can not be found, which implies oxygen fluxes may have more effects on corrosion rate than temperature. Meanwhile, oxide films of nickel-base alloy 625 changed obviously from low oxygen flux to high oxygen flux. The precipitation on the surfaces of alloys are confirmed as NiCrO4, which may form by the combination of dissolved Ni2+ and CrO42-.
Heat Treatment Recycling of Dual Phase Region and its Effect on Hardness, Microstructure and Corrosion Rate of Medium Carbon Steel
Authors: Gebril Mohamed A. , Aldlemey M.S. , Haider Farag I.
Published: March 2014

In this work, the investigations were carried out to study the effect of heat treatment at dual phase of austenite and ferrite on mechanical properties , microstructure and corrosion rate of low alloyed medium carbon steel. The specimens were divided into five groups, first group, specimens were heated to the duel phase region at temperature of 740°C soaked for 30 minutes and quenched in water. The second group, The specimens were heated to 740°C soaked for 30 minutes and quenched in water, then tempered to 480°C soaked for 20 minutes. The third group the specimens were heated to austenizing temperature of 840°C soaked for 30 minutes and quenched in water, then the specimens reheated to the dual phase region at 740°C, soaked for 30 minutes and quenched in water, then the specimens were tempered at temperature 480°C for 30 minutes. The forth group, the specimens were heated to austenizing temperature of 840°C soaked for 30 minutes and quenched in water, this process were repeated again before the specimens were thereafter heated to the dual phase region at temperature of 740°C, soaked for 20 minutes and quenched in water, then the specimens were tempered at temperature 480°C for 20 minutes. The fifth group, the specimens were heated to austenizing temperature of 840°C soaked for 20 minutes and quenched in water, this process were repeated two times again before the specimens were thereafter heated to the dual phase region at temperature of 740°C, soaked for 20 minutes and quenched in water, then the specimens finally tempered at temperature 480°C for 20 minutes. The results proved the hardness increase after heat treatment at first and second group, at third group the highest hardness value was due to formation of martensite and ferrite, but at fourth and fifth groups hardness decreases due to appearance of carbides particles, also corrosion rate usually increases with two phase at microstructure than stable one phase, third group have less corrosion rate than fourth and fifth due to carbides particles formation which lead to more corrosion rate due to three phases presents.
Commonality Index of Outsourced Function Module Based on Generalized Dice Coefficient
Authors: Lai Rong Shen , Hou Liang , Wu Yong Ming , Lin Wen Guang
Published: March 2014

Commonality analysis is the starting point of product family redesign, providing guidance for enterprises to improve commonality, reduce product cost and manufacturing complexity. Firstly, the component-based commonality indices introduced so far are analyzed and the deficiency in respect to commonality evaluation of outsourced function module is indicated. Then, the generalized performance matrix of outsourced function module is established and the commonality index based on generalized Dice coefficient is introduced. Finally, the calculation process is demonstrated by a case study of engine modules. The proposed index is of certain significance to reduce the types of outsourced module instances, save procurement and management cost and reduce the complexity of manufacturing systems.
Design of Parametric Loudspeaker and Receiver System
Authors: Chen Zi Yu , Zhang Xin Wei
Published: March 2014

Parametric loudspeaker systems have been widely used for projecting highly directional audible sound to a specified area. However, the demodulated signal from parametric loudspeaker suffers from high distortion since the nonlinear interaction among primary waves also generate harmonics. In order to reduce distortion, signal acquisition and digital signal processing techniques can be applied at the receiver. In this paper, a parametric loudspeaker and receiver system is designed to reduce distortion using median filtering and mean filtering at the receiver. Compared to conventional systems, the demodulated signal using proposed techniques exhibits lower distortion.
Analysis of Influence of Pressing Speed, of Melt Temperature and of Casting Position in a Mold upon Ultimate Tensile Strength Rm of Die Casting from Aluminium
Authors: Gaspar Stefan , Pasko Ján
Published: March 2014

The paper deals with analysis of influence of pressing speed, of melt temperature and of casting position in a mold upon ultimate tensile strength Rm of die casting from aluminium. The monitored parameters of die casting are very important in terms of production efficiency and quality of casting, which is positively reflected in economic indicators of the production.
Research on Generation of Small-Scale Assembly System Configurations
Authors: Zhang Han Ye , Liu Hai Jiang , Tang Wei
Published: March 2014

Given the number of assembly workstations, how to generate the corresponding assembly system configurations? The issue is studied in this paper.The size of the assembly workstations is divided into small-scale workstation, medium-scale workstation, and large-scale workstation. Due to limitations on space, this paper only studies the small-scale assembly system configurations theoretically, and the corresponding example is elaborated.
Exploration on the Data Visualization Based on the Case of Infographics
Authors: Shen Hua Ping
Published: March 2014

The article in infographics for example, analysis and data visualization aesthetic relationship, data visualization is an excellent creative product design aesthetics and rigorous engineering science. Presented with a very beautiful form can be very boring tedious data. I try to find the background behind each data graph, add labels and notes, hoping to deeper understanding of the meaning of these charts are presented, rather than stay on for the "nice" praise. These pictures can not speak, but they are more powerful than words and language. Finally, the paper analyzes the value and prospects of data visualization have.
Analysis on Design Aesthetics
What is the Beauty of Design? As a reality-based artistic creative activity, design shows unique aesthetic characteristics. For the beauty of design, its creation proves to grow out of products shape and design, and its realization is attributed to consumers. To create a wonderful experience for users, designer cognizes aesthetic object from user perspective and interprets the emotional meaning of the works according to the possible rules of psychological cognition. Only in this way, will users be able to perceive the beauty of design. That is, what designer reflects is not the subjective feeling but the commercial purpose and audiences aesthetic trend. For a design, the aesthetic value is primarily embodied in application, with aesthetic creation intended to serve the society, the market and people. The inability to attain the said objective will signify the failure ofa design.
AFORS - Autonomous Fiber Optic Rotational Seismograph as a System for Continuous Monitoring the Rotational Seismic Events
Authors: Jaroszewicz Leszek R. , Krajewski Zbigniew , Kowalski Jerzy K. , Kurzych Anna , Raszewski Zbigniew
Published: March 2014

We outline the development and application of the Autonomous Fibre-Optic Rotational Seismograph (AFORS), which utilizes the Sagnac effect for a direct measurement of seismic rotation. The main advantage of AFORS is it complete insensitivity to linear motions as well as a direct measurement of rotational components emitted during seismic events. The presented system contains a special autonomous signal processing unit which optimizes its operation for the measurement of rotation motions, whereas applied telemetric system based on the Internet allows for a remote AFORS control. The laboratory investigation of the two such devices indicated they keep accuracy no less than 5.1·10-9to 5.5·10-8rad/s in the frequency bandpass from 0.83 Hz to 106.15 Hz with protect linear changes of sensitivity in above bandpass. The experimental results of AFORS-1 application for continuous monitoring the rotational events in the Książ (Poland) seismological observatory are also presented.
Formulation of a Polynomial Stochastic Fatigue Crack Growth Model
Authors: Ni C.C.
Published: March 2014

The study is focused on the formulation of a proposed polynomial stochastic fatigue crack growth model. Assuming the fatigue crack growth rate equal to a deterministic polynomial function in terms of fatigue crack size multiplied by a stationary lognormal random factor accounting for the statistical scatter of the fatigue crack growth, the analytical solutions of fatigue crack growth function and median crack growth function in term of model parameters were derived. Two extreme cases, lognormal random variable and lognormal white noise, of the proposed model were also investigated, and the analytical solutions of the distribution function of the random crack size at any service time and distribution function of random time to reach a specified crack size were obtained.
Synthesis of Lignin Amine Asphalt Emulsifier and its Investigation by Online FTIR Spectrophotometry
Authors: Tao Xiang , Shi Lai Shun , Sun Mei Jie , Li Na
Published: March 2014

A novel cationic asphalt emulsifier of tetraethylenepentamine/formaldehyde modified lignin amine was synthesized by alkali lignin, tetraethylenepentamine and formaldehyde. The optimum reaction condition was obtained. The structure of the emulsifier was identified by FTIR. The synthesis process was monitored by online FTIR technique. Based upon the experimental data, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed for the reaction. The target product has good surface activity and satisfactory emulsification effect. The prepared bituminous emulsion showed higher storage stability. The emulsifier belongs to slow-set asphalt emulsifier.
Comparison Study of Fire Resistance According to Differences of Length of H-Section Made of Submarine Structural Steels
Authors: Kwon In Kyu
Published: March 2014

Submarine structural steels, such as SM 400, SM 490, and SM 520, have the same structural properties and same grades as general structural steels, but those have better weldability than general structural steels. For that reason, their usage is increasing. However, their fire resistance is not well defined, except for individual fire resistance, such as column and beam. The fire resistance of H-section made of submarine structural steels can be applied with various column lengths. The fire resistance of them is not clear to engineers and residents. To determine the fire resistance, in this paper an analysis was conducted using their mechanical properties at high temperature and related theories with a standard fire curve. As the strength of submarine structural steels is increased, the structural stability showed a rapid decrease while the longer the length of column, the less structural stability of the column represented.
Preparation and Properties of BR/SBR Blends Using Surface-Modified Nano Zinc Oxide
Authors: Qi Jin Yu , Wu Li Xin , Zhuo Dong Xian
Published: March 2014

nanozinc oxide (n-ZnO) was synthesized by sol-gel method. The surface of n-ZnO was modified by a silane coupling agent. The modified n-ZnO was then used as rubber vulcanizing activator and nanofiller for BR/SBR blends. The size and morphology of n-ZnO were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of modified n-ZnO on cure characteristics, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of BR/SBR blends were tested and analyzed. The use of modified n-ZnO resulted in less optimum cure time (t90), higher mechanical properties (anti-abrasion, tear strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus) and thermal conductivity at lower content compared to the conventional micro ZnO(c-ZnO).
Effects of Fiber Component on Tensile Properties of Composites
Authors: Liu Shuang Shuang , Tian Wei , Zhu Cheng Yan
Published: March 2014

In the present work, authors have studied the effects of different fiber component on tensile properties of bi-component fiber reinforced composites. The plain preforms were woven. Basalt/polypropylene wrapped yarn and glass fiber/polypropylene wrapped yarns with different component were used as warp and wefts, respectively. The unified molding process was used to form fibre reinforced composites.The tensile properties of composites were tested and analyzed. Results show that the average fracture stress and elastic modulus of composites in weft direction tend to be the best when the volume ratio of glass fiber to polypropylene in the wrapped yarns is 55/45. The maximum fracture stress is 74.79 MPa. The maximum modulus of elasticity is 2.399 GPa.
Research on Food Manufacturing with S-Layer Protein of Selected Lactobacillus is Responsible for Competitive Exclusion against Human Enteropathogens
Authors: Xue Chao Hui , Zhang Lan Wei , Li Hong Bo , Wang Shu Mei
Published: March 2014

In this study, five selected Lactobacillus of fecal origin were investigated for their probiotic properties. They were preliminarily identiﬁed by partial 16S rDNA gene sequencing and characterized in vitro for their resistance to low pH and bile salts. Here, we assessed the adhesive properties and the ability to inhibit the adhesion and to displace pathogens of five selected Lactobacillus strains using HT-29 cells model through a process which may be related to specific components of the baterial surface. Surface-layer proteins are located in a paracrystalline layer outside the bacterial cell wall and are thought to play a role in tissue adherence. Removal of S-layer proteins from the Lactobacillus (treated with 5 M LiCl) reduced adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Under such conditions, inhibition activity was also decreased in all five strains, as revealed in competition assays, which suggested that S-layer protein had involved in the adhesion of probiotics. SDS-PAGE analysis conﬁrmed the presence of S-layer proteins with dominant bands of was approximately 60 kDa. Our findings also indicate that the surface layer proteins contributed to its increased adhesion to the cultured cells and competitive exclusion of pathogens.
Braided Bone Scaffolds Made by Braiding Polyvinyl Alcohol and Cross-Linked by Glutaraldehyde: Manufacturing Process and Structure Evaluation
Authors: Lou Ching Wen , Kuo Shu Ting , Wen Shih Peng , Lin Jia Horng
Published: March 2014

When the bone tissues suffer from an impaired area that is greater than their self-healing size limit, the impairment may not heal or heal incompletely. With the purpose of developing artificial bone scaffolds for the recovery of bone tissues, this study twists 3-ply polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers into plied yarns, which are then braided into PVA bone scaffolds using a braiding technique. Afterward, the braids are cross-linked with glutaraldehyde in order to improve their structure and their water stability. The experiment results show that a cross-linking by glutaraldehyde does not significantly influence the surface morphology of the braids. However, a cross-linking by high concentration glutaraldehyde provides the braids with a swelling phenomenon, which in turn causes a dense internal feature of the braids, and namely a lower porosity. This study successfully prepares braided PVA bone scaffolds with water stability, through a glutaraldehyde cross-linking.
Manufacturing Technique and Property Evaluations of PET/Gelatin Composite Tubular Braids
Authors: Lou Ching Wen , Lu Po Ching , Hu Jin Jia , Lin Jia Horng
Published: March 2014

This study examine the influence of gelatain with different concentrations on the physical property of the PET/Gelatin composite tubular braids. PET fibers are braided into tubular braids on a braider, and then immersed in gelatin solution with various concentrations to form PET/Gelatin composite tubular braids. The tensile strength and water contact angle of the braids are then tested to determine the their physical properties. The experiment results show that an increasing concentration of gelatin does not result in a significant varation in tensile strength, but a decreased displacement only.
Processing Technique and Property Evaluations of Chitosan Dressings
Authors: Lou Ching Wen , Wu Zong Han , Lin Jia Horng
Published: March 2014

This study uses acetic acid as the solvent to make two different deacetylated chitosans into chitosan solutions (CS1 and CS2). A specified amount of chitosan solutions are evaporated at 55 °C for 30, 60, and 90 minutes, immersed in NaOH-NaHCO3(aq), and then freeze-dried to form six membrane types, CS1-30, CS1-60, CS1-90 ,CS2-30, CS2-60 and CS2-90. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation, a swelling ratio test, and an antibacterial assay are performed to evaluate the influence of differing evaporation times on the CS membranes. The test results show that membrane CS1 types have good properties. In particular, CS1-60 possesses an optimal swelling property and a maximum inhibition zone.
Interference on Measuring SO2 Concentration of the Monodispersion Soot Position Using NDIR
Authors: Zhao Yan Jun , Gao Cheng Bin , Qu Bin
Published: March 2014

In the environment research, Sulfur Dioxide is one of the most important pollutants of the stationary pollutant sources and Sulfur Dioxide emission concentration is the important parameters of EPA pollutant monitoring system in the fomer study. NDIR is the common method on measuring Sulfur Dioxide emission concentration. The monodispersion soot difference position can change the collection acceptance angle of the received system and can influent the infrared light intensity, so Sulfur Dioxide emission concentration error is increasing. To reduce the monodispersion soot position interference, the interference is studied in this paper. The monodispersion soot different angle range infrared light intensity is calculated. Numerical simulation results show that the monodispersion soot difference position can reduce Sulfur Dioxide concentration measurement accuracy. The solution method is brought out and can improve the Sulfur Dioxide concentration accuracy.
Manufacturing Technique and Interfacial Modification of Polypropylene/Short Glass Fiber Composites
Authors: Lin Jia Horng , Lin Zheng Lan , Chen Jin Mao , Lou Ching Wen
Published: March 2014

Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) is used as a coupling agent, and the influence of its used amount on the mechanical properties of the polypropylene/short glass fiber (PP/SGF) composites is examined. 1, 2, and 3 wt% of PP-g-MA is separately added to PP/SGF composites that are made at an 80/20 ratio (wt%), made into pellets on a single screw extruder, and then made into test samples on an injection machine. When PP-g-MA increases from 1 wt% to 3 wt%, the tensile strength of the PP/SGF composites increases from 56.22 MPa to 64.85 MPa; likewise, flexural strength increases from 67.29 MPa to 81.24 MPa, and Izod impact strength increases from 197.70 J/m 269.61 J/m. SEM images show that the surface of SGF are encapsulated with a layer of PP matrix, which indicates that PP-g-MA can effectively improve the interfacial adhesion between PP and SGF and thus increase the mechanical properties of the resulting composites.
Application of Programmable Logic Controller in Sewage Treatment
Authors: Zhang Zi Sheng , Liu Bo Feng , Guo Shu Qing , Song Deng Yuan , Wang Zhan You
Published: March 2014

In order to seek a better way of control in sewage treatment, a control system which consisted of water unit, sand unit, the oxidation ditch unit, precipitation unit and sludge dewatering unit was designed. The paper investigates various controllable parameters in sewage treatment system and the way of present common automation control. We designed manual control variable aeration program and two automatic control subroutine which included thickness grille and pumping station by using WIN 32 software. The program is designed in Siemens STEP 7 V5.5 software development platform and chose the 10 input contacts which are I0.0~I0.7, I1.0~I1.1 and 10 output contact which are Q1.0~Q1.1, Q0.0~Q0.7.This design achieves automatic control and improves the purifying efficiency on the premise of ensuring water quality.
Early Effect for 28nm HK/MG PMOSFETs after Post Deposition Annealing Treatment
Authors: Lee Win Der , Wang Mu Chun
Published: March 2014

Exposing the Early effect (or called channel-length modulation effect) at deep subnano node high-k/metal gate (HK/MG) process is still beneficial to IC designers to reduce the obsession in design. This effect contributes the operating point in circuit concern and process adjustment. For the long channel device, the intercept under various gate voltages focuses on one point consistent with conventional device. However, the divergent phenomenon was observed at the short channel tested device due to the higher strain effect, causing the non-uniform electrical field distribution in channel.
Reformulating Input Data for Linear Regression of Demographic Data
Authors: Pan Xiao Heng , Li Yang Ping , Yuan Hua Qiang
Published: March 2014

In regressing demographic data, neighborhood information needs to be taken into account, which makes conventional linear regression models inappropriate. In this paper, to incorporate neighborhood information without incurring extra computational cost, we investigate various possibilities to reformulate input data. Experiments show that augmenting each site with its neighborhood information gives the best results.
Research on Textile Materials with the Design and Development Trend of Sports Apparel Rethinking
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: March 2014

Based on the development of sports apparel and collate classification, which came out with the design principles of sports apparel, and will be analyzed to study its design principles, put forward some suggestions for the development of modern sports apparel.
Preparation and Analyzing Character of Chitosan Block in Fluffy Meshwork Shape Formed from Chitosan Fine Hair
Authors: Liang Lie Feng , Chen Jun Jie , He Yong , Wang Yu Qi
Published: March 2014

Depending on available theory and literature about chitosan (CS), the paper studied the method of preparation of CS block in fluffy meshwork shape with fine hair shape and analysis its structure to adapt to application for drug controlled-release material. Primarily, CS was extruded to fine fair fiber by spinning after preparing CS solution. CS Block with reticulate structure design were carried out in this experiment. This research will be showed how to choose appropriate molding process, through selecting CS solution concentration and extruding spinning to prepare pure CS fluffy network with fine hair. The CS reticulate body obtained showed good degradation characteristics in simulated body fluid (SBF). The change of morphology to describe its biological characteristics is not only related to material composition but also to the structure of the fluffy network which is mainly controlled by the molding process. Also, the microstructure, morphology and crystallinity of the net CS hydrogels were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This research should provide the theory basis and technical way to design and fabricate for CS as the carrier of the drug release.
Toughening of Epoxy Resin Modified with In Situ Polymerized Acrylate Copolymer
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Jun , Zhang Bin
Published: March 2014

P(BA-St), a good modifier for epoxy resin, was prepared by BA and St in situ polymerization. The modified resin system was based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol and methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol. The influence of the copolymer on mechanical properties and thermal performance of the systems was studied. When 15 wt% of the BA/St with a weight ratio composition of 7.5/7.5 was added to epoxy, high performance modified epoxy resin was obtained.
Evaluation of Acoustic Characteristics for Various Composite Ventilation Material by Using Impedance Tube
Authors: Liu Yu Cheng , Huang Jin Huang , Huang Chen Hung , Her Hong Ching , Chuang Yu Chun
Published: March 2014

With the development of techniques, the acoustic performance of 3C electroacoustic products, such as earphone, headphone, microspeaker and etc., will be paid much attention. Ventilation material which is often used in the front and rear side of the product is also an important component to affect the acoustic performance. Depending on the diverse manufacture processes and materials, there are many kinds of ventilation materials, including paper, mesh, poron, nonwoven and etc.. This study aims to investigate acoustic characteristics of these ventilation materials, including air permeability, reflection coefficient, and acoustic impedance. The result indicates that mesh with different code number shows similar air permeability. Meanwhile, the reflection coefficients of each mesh material have no significant variation with the frequency. For the lower frequencies, the level of acoustic impedance is much related to the structure or material used. With the increment of frequency, the acoustic impedance of all the materials will converge to a certain value even for the higher density material.
Effects of UV Radiation and pH of Tannic Acid Solution in the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Watcharaporn Kanitta , Opaprakasit Mantana , Pimpan Vimolvan
Published: March 2014

The reductions of silver nitrate by tannic acid at various pH with and without UV radiation at room temperature were done in order to study the effects of UV radiation and pH of tannic acid solution in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The results from UV-Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering method and transmission electron microscopy indicated that using UV radiation resulted in silver nanoparticles with smaller particles and narrower size distribution at every pH. The results also revealed that smallest particles without agglomeration were obtained when alkali condition was applied. Therefore, the suitable condition for synthesizing silver nanoparticles in this research was to use UV radiation and tannic acid solution having pH of 8.0.
Synthesis and Fabrication of PVA-Ag-Cu and PANI-Ag-Cu Nanocomposite Thin Film Sensor for Detection of E. coli in Water
Authors: Abdullah H. , Noor Azmy Noor Azwen , Mohammad Naim Norshafadzila , Bolhan Aisyah , Hamid Aidil Abdul , Shaari Sahbudin
Published: March 2014

Polymers are excellent host materials for nanoparticles of metals and semiconductors. PVAAgCu nanocomposite was synthesized from chemical reduction, whereas PANIAgCu nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization. PVAAgCu and PANIAgCu thin films were deposited on the glass substrate by spin coating technique. The films were characterized by using XRD and AFM. The sensitivity of the samples was analyzed by IV measurement. The peaks in XRD patterns confirm the presence of Ag-Cu nanoparticles in face centered cubic structure. AFM images show the roughness of PVAAgCu and PANIAgCu increased as Ag concentration decreased and Cu concentration increased. I-V measurements indicate that the change in the current of the films increases with the presence of E. coli. The sensitivity on E. coli increases for PVAAgCu and PANIAgCu thin films with high concentration of Cu.
Growth of Cobalt Nanowires under External Magnetic Field
Authors: Balela Mary Donnabelle , Yagi Shunsuke , Matsubara Eiichiro
Published: March 2014

Metallic cobalt (Co) nanowires with a mean diameter of about 240 nm and lengths up to 30 μm are grown in solution by electroless deposition under external magnetic. Without magnetic field, only quasi-spherical Co nanoparticles are formed. In the presence of the magnetic field, strong attractive dipolar interactions are induced among the Co nanoparticles. This results in the preferential assembly of Co nanoparticles into nanowires with wire axes parallel to the magnetic field direction. Stronger magnetic field intensity produces longer and thinner Co nanowires. The Co nanowires exhibit ferromagnetic properties at room temperature with an enhanced coercivity of 800 Oe due to shape anisotropy.
Evaluation of Matrix and Geometric Strain Hardening of Axial Deformed Sintered Fe-0.75%C Preform
Authors: Rajeshkannan Ananthanarayanan , Sharma Alok , Devi R.S.
Published: March 2014

Strain hardening occurs as a result of extensive plastic deformation of a material at below recrystallization temperature. The powder metallurgy route subjects the elemental powders to highly plastic deformation under compaction; however it is softened while it is sintered. In order to enhance its mechanical behaviour, it is usually subjected to secondary deformation operation. In the present investigation the cold upsetting exercise is carried out in three different lubricants condition with two different preform geometries on sintered Fe-0.75%C. Unlike the conventional material under plastic deformation the matrix gets strain harden, in P/M material along with matrix the geometry supplements the strain hardening behaviour. The nature of matrix and geometric hardening behaviour has been dealt. In addition an empirical relationship and its corresponding parameters experimental values have been predicted which is of high importance in design of preforms and die-set for actual production.
New Method of Phase Transformations Calculation in Metals with Structural Features of the Initial and New Phases
Authors: Smagulov Dauletkhan , Amenova Aliya , Dostayeva Ardak
Published: March 2014

It is specified an interrelation between thermal effects in metals phase transformations and changes in structural parameters (coordination number) of the initial and new phases. It is offered the analytical dependences for calculation of the binding energy and atoms coordination numbers, the metals heat of formation, temperature and thermal effects of phase transitions in metals. It is analyzed the energy parameters of the Periodic System elements considering the type of their crystal lattices. By calculation it is estimated structural parameters of liquid and solid phases, thermal effects and the evaporation temperature of crystallization and polymorphic transformation, and energy formation for 55 elements, for which the literature contains reliable experimental data.
Optimization of the Compositions of the High Strength Casting Aluminium Alloys Based on Nickel Eutectic
Authors: Amenova Aliya , Smagulov Dauletkhan
Published: March 2014

The phase composition of the AlNiMnFeSiZr system was analyzed with respect to new-generation heat resistant casting aluminum alloys based on a Ni-containing eutectic, which are strengthened by the Al3Zr (L12) nanoparticles. It is shown that the presence of iron and silicon considerably complicates the phase analysis compared with the AlNiMnFe base alloy. Alloys with low silicon content have a sufficiently good casting property, which enables fabrication of thin-walled castings, not inferior to AA356 alloy types widely used to cast complex shapes. Addition of silicon to the AlNiMnFe base alloy sharply deteriorates hot cracks. Silicon greatly decreases the solubility of Zr at (Al), which is reflected on hot brittleness of Al2%Ni1%Mn0,5%Fe-0,2%Zr system alloys.
Some Aspects on Cold Deformation Characteristics of Sintered Fe-0.8%C-1%Si-0.4%Cu Steel Preforms
Authors: Rajeshkannan Ananthanarayanan , Hoasirao Victor
Published: March 2014

Cold upsetting experiments were carried out on sintered Fe-0.8%C-1.0%Si-0.4%Cu preforms to evaluate their deformation characteristics.The sintered preforms are subjected to axial compressive deformation under nil and graphite lubricant condition in steps of 0.04MN until cracks began to appear on the free surfaces. Combined strain, has been considered to study the densification mechanism of the preforms. It was observed that overall,densification enhances against combined strain for both the friction conditions,however dry friction restricts the free deformation consequently facilitates faster densification as compared to its counterpart. Further,an attempt has been made to analyse various stresses against strain as well as against attained density. The calculation for Poissons ratio has been shown and its characteristics have been detailed against attained density.
The Influence of Fe Additives on Silica Brick Microstructure
Authors: Nevřivová Lenka , Lang Karel , Petranek Vít
Published: March 2014

Mineralogical composition has a decisive influence on the durability of silica materials built into heating aggregates as well as their dense. This paper describes the influence of Fe aditives and the influence of firing temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties and on final mineralogical composition of silica materials. The paper compares the properties of silica prepared without Fe additives with that prepared using Fe additives of varied granulometry.
Effect of Barium-to-Strontium on Leakage Current Mechanism of Sol-Gel BaxSr1-xTiO3 Thin Films
Authors: Saif Ala’eddin A. , Zahid Jamal Zul Azhar , Poopalan Prabakaran
Published: March 2014

Ferroelectric barium strontium titanate (BaxSr1-xTiO3) thin films with different Ba content have been fabricated as MFM configuration using sol-gel technique. The effect of barium-to-strontium ratio on the leakage current mechanism of BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin films has been investigated. The results show that the leakage current density increases as Ba content increases, which attributed to the grain size effect. The leakage current for the tested films has been studied using log (J) vs log (E) plane, which shows three distinguished linear regions. These regions have been characterized using power law () to find that: the region at low electric fields (E < 20 KV/cm) is controlled by Ohmic conduction and the other two regions (E > 20 KV/cm) are due to space charge limited conduction, which is also confirmed via modified Langmuir-Child law. In addition, it is observed that at high electric fields region (E > 1.29×105 V/m) the films show Schottky emission (SE) and PooleFrenkel (PF) emission mechanisms.