bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Goals on Student Achievement Using Computer-Based Drill-and-Practice
Authors: Bahr Christine M. , Rieth Herbert J.
Published: June 2017

This study investigated the effects of four different goal structures on mathematics achievement among students assigned to work with partners on a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) arithmetic task.

Forty-six mildly handicapped junior high school students were paired and assigned to cooperative, competitive, individualistic, and no goal control conditions. Dyads worked ten minutes per day, three days per week, over a four-week period on a mathematics game designed to increase single-digit computation fluency. Students practiced with their partners, recorded and graphed daily computer scores, and received points for backup reinforcers according to the goal condition under which they worked.

Two-way analyses of variance for repeated measures on paper-and-pencil and computer-based achievement scores indicated that students improved their rates of correct responding over time, regardless of goal condition. A discussion of findings and implications for future research are included.
Using Computer Assisted Biofeedback to Help Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder to Gain Self-Control
Authors: Blanton Judy , Johnson Lawrence J.
Published: June 2017

The effects of computer assisted biofeedback on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of three students with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders III-R and on the on-task behavior of one of the three students were examined via an alternating treatment design. All three subjects received biofeedback within a clinical setting in an attempt to examine the degree that biofeedback could be used by these children to gain control of their motor activity and be a tool for relaxation. One student was also simultaneously observed in the classroom to determine if biofeedback exercises applied in the clinical setting had any impact on the student's on-task classroom behavior. Results indicated that these ADHD students were able to relax through the use of computer assisted biofeedback and the one student in which on-task behavior was collected demonstrated an increase in on-task behavior after the implementation of biofeedback.
Computer-Assisted Constant Time Delay Prompting to Teach Abbreviation Spelling to Adolescents with Mild Learning Disabilities
Authors: Edwards Barbara J. , Blackhurst A. Edward , Koorland Mark A.
Published: June 2017

An investigation of a computer-assisted instructional (CAI) program employing the constant time delay prompting procedure to teach spelling of abbreviations was performed with students with mild learning disabilities. A single case multiple probe design was used to evaluate changes in student performance. Four adolescents served as subjects. Results indicated that the CAI program was effective in teaching the abbreviations with training generalizing to hand written performance in a special and general education setting. Further, the CAI program promoted fluent spelling (rate and accuracy) of the target abbreviations.
Group Response Technology in Lecture-Based Instruction: Exploring Student Engagement and Instructor Perceptions
Authors: Foegen Anne , Hargrave Constance P.
Published: June 2017

Technology has been touted as an effective method to improve teaching and learning; yet, few researchers have examined the use of technology in traditional lecture-based instruction to improve student engagement or provide feedback about student learning to the instructor. The exploratory study described in this article examined the use of group response technology (GRT) to gather student responses during instruction in a preservice special education course. Classroom observation data indicated no differences in engagement between preservice teachers who used GRT and those who used hand-written journals; however, the use of GRT provided the instructor with real-time data about student learning. These data challenged the instructor's conceptions of lecture-based instruction, causing increased attention to and heightened knowledge of student learning, which, in turn, resulted in changes in instructional practices. The potential of GRT use for increasing the effectiveness of instruction in higher education and modeling effective instructional practices for teacher preparation are discussed.
Developing Online Instruction: Partnership between Instructors and Technical Developers
Authors: Meyen Edward L. , Tangen Paul , Lian Cindy H.T.
Published: June 2017

Asynchronous instruction via the Internet is fast becoming the educational delivery mode of choice by employed professionals who are unable to conveniently access higher education on traditional campuses. K-12 schools are also finding online instruction applicable to the elementary and secondary students and to the provision of staff development. A key to this movement is the capability of schools and institutions of higher education to design and develop online instruction. Educators possess the curriculum content and instructional design skills, but few have the technical capabilities to place instruction online. While there is a growing number of technicians with the technical skills, they often lack experience in instructional design. The authors share their experience in designing, developing and teaching two graduate level courses fully online using audio streaming technology. The focus of their discussion is on the team approach to development where the instructor possesses the content and the instructional design expertise, and other team members are skilled in technical development. The observations shared were derived from journals kept by the team and the collection of formative and performance data. The context of their development efforts are described, the team process is reviewed, and suggestions offered on how best to engage instructional and technical developers in a team approach to the creation of online instruction.
Assistive Technology and Students with Mental Retardation: Utilization and Barriers
Authors: Wehmeyer Michael L.
Published: June 2017

The Arc, a national organization on mental retardation, conducted a national survey to determine the degree to which students with mental retardation use assistive technology and to identify barriers to this outcome. Findings from the survey support earlier suggestions that students with mental retardation underutilize assistive technology. The survey found that in most cases, the number of students who could benefit from devices but did not have access to them exceeded the number who actually had devices. The discussion examined barriers to device utilization.
Institutional Environments and Diversification Strategy of Emerging Market Firms
Authors: Lee Soo Hee
Published: June 2017

This Paper develops an institutionalist analytical framework to explain diversification strategies of East Asian firms, using the concepts of market uncertainty and industry maturity. The highly diversified structure of East Asian firms is primarily due to demand shift caused by rapid income growth, the appropriation and adaptation of mature technology imported from developed markets, and government intervention to lower the level of market uncertainty. Diversified business groups in emerging markets are seen as a response to the lack of market institutions. Their dynamic competitive advantage is derived from transaction costs savings from the formation of a quasi-internal capital market, efficient internal deployment of resources and reputation linkage effect. However, intensifying global competition and the need for technological innovation will force them to adopt a more focused strategy, partly as a consequence of the financial crisis and corporate restructuring.
Economics of Genesis: On the Institutional Economic Deciphering and Reconstruction of the Stories of the Bible
Authors: Wagner-Tsukamoto Sigmund
Published: June 2017

The article traces in the book of Genesis (1) theoretical and (2) methodic elements of an institutional economics: (la) the idea of capital contribution-distribution interactions as model of social exchange; (lb) the idea of incentive structures as model of an institutional regulative for social exchange; (1c) the practical-normative goal of pareto-superiority (mutuality of gains) as desired interaction outcome; (2a) the methodic concept of conflicting and common interests in contribution-distribution interactions (the idea of a dilemma structure, or “war of all”, as Hobbes called it); and (2b) the methodic concept of self-interested choice behaviour (the homo economicus, or “methodological individualism” as Hayek referred to it). On these grounds, Genesis is deciphered and reconstructed in institutional economic terms. The article develops and explores the hypotheses (i) that the stories of Genesis reflect an intense interest and attempt to come to terms with the institutional problem: of how to ensure cooperation in social interactions, and (ii) that the stories of Genesis address the institutional problem in economic terms, examining social conflict as capital contribution-distribution interactions, advising on the pareto-effectiveness of conflict resolution in relation to incentive structures, and methodically grounding analysis in the ideas of the dilemma structure and the homo economicus. An economic reconstruction of Genesis questions conventional theological suggestions on the role and extent to which the Bible invokes metaphysical concepts and metaphysical intervention for analyzing and solving social problems.
The Role of Technology and Competitiveness Policies: A Technology Gap Approach
Authors: Fonfría Antonio , de la Guardia Carlos Díaz , Alvarez Isabel
Published: June 2017

Over the last two decades, a great number of studies have focused on the explanation of trade performance based on technological factors, including various studies on technology gaps. The aim of the present paper is to extend this empirical approach to include some additional factors including the role of policies, considered here as part of the explanation together with the traditional cost and technology variables. In this vain, the analysis is carried out for countries’ trade performance differentiating by foreign markets. It is expected that traditional variables included in previous technology gap analysis and variables expressive of policies will have different effects on the countries’ trade performance when different markets are considered. Empirical tests are made for the trade performance of a set of European countries—namely Spain, France, the UK and Italy—during the time period from 1987 to 1997.
The Governance of Firms in Japanese Bankruptcy Reorganization
Authors: Mori Madoka
Published: June 2017

The Civil Rehabilitation Act leaves very unclear the extent to which corporate law regarding directors’ fiduciary duties and shareholders’ rights to participate in the operation of a business applies with respect to bankruptcy reorganization proceedings. It is likely in these circumstances that corporate law in reorganization becomes inapplicable based on the insolvency regime. This means that if the company is insolvent, the value of shareholders’ claim is deemed to be zero, and consequently the shareholders rights are disregarded entirely in relation to reorganization or rehabilitation proceedings. This paper considers the topic from an economic perspective and argues that ignoring shareholder value completely in insolvency situations could force debtors-in-possession (DIPs) and directors to abandon an efficient project if it reduces the creditor value. It proposes a new approach that would enhance efficient results by imposing on DIPs/directors fiduciary duties to maximize the total value of the firm – an approach that can be adapted for use within the current Japanese statutory structure.
Socialization into Skilled Identities: An Analysis of a Neglected Phenomenon
Authors: Penn R.D.
Published: June 2017

This paper examines a neglected aspect of the debate about skill in contemporary economic sociology. It focuses on the processes of socialization whereby skilled workers acquire their social identities. It is suggested that apprenticeship relations between older and younger workers are of prime importance. It is also argued that skilled workers acquire a multiple set of identities—occupational, craft and class—which can be ranked hierarchically. These multiple identities act as resources for the interpretation of events. It is also argued that socialization into skilled identities is linked with forms of meaning acquired by apprentices prior to entry into paid employment.
Duhem-Quine, Lakatos and Research Programmes in Economics
Authors: Heijdra B.J. , Lowenberg A.D.
Published: June 2017

The Lakatosian methodology of scientific research programmes (MSRP) is intended to circumvent the epistemological difficulties associated with various brands of falsificationist method, of which the most important is the Duhem-Quine problem. We reject the view that Lakatos’ MSRP needs to be re-interpreted before it can be used to appraise economic theories. A correct understanding of Lakatos’ distinction between the hard core and protective belt of a research programme leads to the recognition that conflicting theories can be accommodated within the same programme. This avoids much of the confusion encountered by some economists who have attempted to develop taxonomies of economic theories within a Lakatosian framework, but have made the mistake of overpopulating the discipline of economics with a plethora of spurious research programmes. Many of the latter are more usefully treated as subdisciplinary demi-cores within an overall neoclassical programme.
Book Review: The Housing Crisis
Authors: Stafford D.C.
Published: June 2017

The Housing Crisis. Edited by Peter Malpass, Croom-Helm, £7.95.
Entropy, Information and Confusion in the Social Sciences
Authors: Proops John L.R.
Published: June 2017

The term “entropy” is now widely used in social science, although its origin is in physical science. There are three main ways in which the term may be used. The first invokes the original meaning, referring to the unidirectionality of heat flow, from hot bodies to cold ones. The second meaning can be derived from the first via statistical mechanics; this meaning is concerned with measures of ‘evenness’ of ‘similarity’. The third meaning derives from information theory. The three distinct meanings are carefully described and distinguished, and their relationships to each other are discussed. The various uses of the three concepts in the social sciences are then reviewed, including some uses which confuse the different meanings of the term. Finally, modern work in thermodynamics is examined, and its implications for economic analysis are briefly assessed.
Book Review: Austrian Economics: Historical and Philosophical Background
Authors: Vint John
Published: June 2017

Austrian Economics: Historical and Philosophical Background. Wolfgang Grassl and Barry Smith (Eds). Croom Helm, London and Sydney, 1986.
Unfettered Trade: Strategy not Tactic
Authors: Ehteshami Anoushiravan
Published: June 2017

The issue of protectionism has become the main topic of discussion in both the academic and bureaucratic circles of the advanced as well as the developing market economy countries. This paper aims to critically deal with one aspect of the debate, namely, the rising protectionist sentiments in the United States. Its discussion is based on a critique of the proponents of protectionism, and humbly calls for a re-definition of the terms of reference of the debate, in accordance with the fundamental changes that have taken place in the world economy since 1945.
Co-operative Development as a Trade Union Strategy
Authors: Davis Peter
Published: June 2017

This article argues that trade union and other progressive bodies in Britain, Europe and North America need to use their membership and broader labour movement contacts as a resource for financing worker co-operative development, not as a simple act of altruism, but out of self-interest. The author argues that such a strategy, properly regulated and managed would help to defend wages, extend trade union membership and organization, and could help promote majority shareholding in conventional companies by Trade Union Trusts. The author seeks to demonstrate that working people have the means from their own resources to eliminate unemployment.

The figures quoted in the text are based on U.K. Sources, however similar figures have been produced for North America by Caftel, B. in “The Billion-Dollar Low Income Neighborhood” in Co-op Magazine, Sept/Oct 1980, Ann Arbor, USA.
Book Review: Food Aid: The Challenge and the Opportunity
Authors: McCorriston Steve
Published: June 2017

Food Aid: The Challenge and the Opportunity., H. Singer, J. Wood and T. Jennings, Oxford University Press.
Book Review: The Waters Around the British Isles: Their Conflicting Uses
Authors: Halliday J.E.
Published: June 2017

The Waters Around the British Isles: Their Conflicting Uses, R.B. Clark, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987, pp. 1–386.
Book Review: Development Planning: the Indian Experience
Authors: Macmillen Malcolm
Published: June 2017

Development Planning: the Indian Experience, S. Chakravarty, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1987, 137 pages, £17.50, ISBN 0 19 828555 8
Social Costs of the Economic Process and National Accounts: The Example of Defensive Expenditures
Authors: Leipert Christian
Published: June 2017

The starting point of the paper is the finding that the Gross National Product (GNP) entails in growing proportions, economic activities that are not real benefits of the economic process, but in fact, incremental costs of production and consumption. The paper examines the empirical evidence for the thesis that the proportion of defensive or compensatory expenditures of the GNP, that only reduce, neutralize, repair the negative effects of the economic growth process, increases over time. The research results give evidence to this fact for the Federal Republic of Germany. The ratio of defensive expenditures in the GNP between 1970 and 1985 increased from 5% to at least 10%.
Book Review: Faith in The Nation: A Christian Vision for Britain
Authors: Grief Nicholas
Published: June 2017

Faith in The Nation: A Christian Vision for Britain by John Atherton, SPCK, London, 1988, 150 pages, £7.95.
Book Review: Higher Education and Employment: an International Comparative Analysis
Authors: Tilak Jandhyala B.G.
Published: June 2017

Higher Education and Employment: an International Comparative Analysis, Bikas C. Sanyal, London, New York and Philadelphia: The Falmer Press, 1987. 237pp.
Book Review: The Earth Report: Monitoring the battle for our environment
Authors: Gilg Andrew
Published: June 2017

The Earth Report: Monitoring the battle for our environment, Goldsmith, E. and Hildyard, N. (editors), Mitchell Beazley, 1988, £7.95, 240 pp, 0-85533-670-6.
Book Review: Statistical Yearbook of China 1986
Authors: Oliver F.R.
Published: June 2017

Statistical Yearbook of China 1986; State Statistical Bureau, People’s Republic of China; Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 761. £70.
Book Review: The Consumer Interest
Authors: Meyer F.V.
Published: June 2017

The Consumer Interest, J.D. Forbes, Croom Helm, London 1987, pp. 341, ISBN 0-7099-1063-0.
Book Review: Competition in Theory and Practice
Authors: Sheldon Ian
Published: June 2017

Competition in Theory and Practice, T. Burke, A. Genn-Bash, B. Haines, Croom Helm, 1988, ISBN 0-7099-5005-5, £32.50.
Global Warming and the Car
Authors: Romilly P.J.
Published: June 2017

This paper provides, from a UK perspective, a review of current developments in the debate on global warming and the effects of car use as a contributory factor in global warming. It discusses the options available to counteract the intra and inter-country externalities created by car use, and the prospects of achieving reductions in car use. The paper concludes with a discussion of appropriate policy measures for balancing the conflicts between car use and the environment.
Socio-Economic Change in Post-War Cornwall: The Dynamics of the Centre-Periphery Relationship
Authors: Payton Philip
Published: June 2017

Cornwall has been recognised increasingly as an individual component of the United Kingdom’s “multi-national” diversity, part of the series of centre-periphery relationships that obtains within these isles. In addition to the cultural and territorial isolation which characterised the condition of “First Peripheralism”, there was in the era of industrialisation a “Second Peripheralism” of economic and social marginalisation. One consequence of this was the socio-economic “paralysis” which afflicted Cornwall from the end of the nineteenth-century until after the Second World War. Although regional development policies pursued by governments after 1945 appeared to make some contribution to the development of the Cornish economy, in fact they served merely to perpetuate the peripheral condition. The creation of a “branch factory” economy and the emergence of “counterurbanisation” heralded not the incorporation of Cornwall within the United Kingdom’s centre, but revealed the dynamics of peripherality and ushered-in a new era of “Third Peripheralism”.
Economic Bionics
Authors: Fu Hongchun
Published: June 2017

“Economic bionics” connotes that bionic methods are used to describe and explore economic science and economic operation with reference to life science and life movement. There are three kinds of mechanisms that function in economic operations. The ecological mechanism denotes economic operation as an ecological system which follows the law of energy conservation and decay; the physiological mechanism specifies the smallest activity unit and the most basic functional unit in economic operation; and the psychological mechanism suggests that different levels of economic operation need different levels of control. Economic bionics will provide a new way of thinking for both economic theory and practice.
Theorizing Economic Miracles
Authors: Ritchie John
Published: June 2017

Economies are socially constructed phenomena, but the idea of economic miracles, once redeemed from modernist doubt, certainly surprises and puzzles more than most. Both highly politically prized, and considered the spur behind worldscale change, such miracles enjoy exceptionally good press, and carry their appeal right through into everyday life with richly suggestive images about miraculous nations, industries, firms, technologies, products, and ‘entrepreneurial’ leader figures. Yet they remain perpetual philosophical puzzles which, despite first confounding established worldviews, stay difficult to fully demonstrate, prove, and explain along recognized lines thereafter. Key arguments over whether, where, and how they ever arise, what form and course they take, and whether they are reproducible elsewhere are therefore difficult to decipher and resolve without the guiding theorizations outlined here.
Book Review: International Organization in the Modern World
Authors: Meyer F.V.
Published: June 2017

International Organization in the Modern World, Paul Taylor, published by Pinter, 1993. ISBN 0 86187 111 1. £37.50, 262 pp.
Contending Perspectives on the Economic Development of East Asia: How Does Singapore Fit In?
Authors: Williams Jeremy B.
Published: June 2017

Over the last two decades or so, a whole string of superlatives have been used by the economics orthodoxy to describe the performance of the East Asian newly-industrialised countries (NICs). Most of the accolades have centred upon that all encompassing measure of economic welfare, the annual rate of growth in the level of GDP per capita, and the market-oriented economic policies that have been implemented to secure these quite startling outcomes. However, not everyone in the social science community has been equally bedazzled by the East Asian success story. Indeed, there are a number of commentators – mainly political scientists and sociologists, and not too many economists – who have been quite sceptical of the developmental process favoured by these nations. As a consequence, there now exists a multiplicity of interpretations and explanations for the rapid development of the East Asian economies – a factor which provides the major focus of this paper.
Beyond a neoclassical approach to household spending: Combination Modes theory
Authors: Taplin Ruth , Simister John
Published: June 2017

We use the ‘Combination Modes’ theory developed by Taplin (1989a), which claims that economic behaviour must be understood in terms of composite patterns of three ‘modes’: work, kinship, and ethnicity. We use data from a recent household survey in Bombay and Madras, to study spending on three types of time-saving food purchases: restaurant spending by husbands and by wives, and spending on ‘convenience’ foods. We find that a woman’s employment tends to increase her spending in restaurants, but not her household’s expenditure on convenience foods. We detect differences in spending patterns between nuclear and extended families. And we observe that descendants of immigrants from England, Portugal, and the Middle East appear to behave differently to the other residents of Bombay and Madras. We argue that these results offer support for the Combination Modes theory, and that this theory helps us to go beyond neoclassical economics, to give a more complete understanding of household behaviour.
Female Labour Supply and the Division of Labour in Families
Authors: James Simon
Published: June 2017

The importance of gender and family considerations in labour market participation has long been overlooked by many economists. An increasing amount of work has been undertaken by economists but the issue is more complicated than many studies to date would suggest. Two qualitative surveys have been undertaken in Exeter, England, into labour market decisions. One study examined behaviour in low income households, the other in higher income households. These studies seem to suggest that the traditional division of labour remains more firmly entrenched than is widely thought, even in circumstances where changes have economic advantages. Such arrangements may also disadvantage men as well as women. It is also shown that a tax system can present barriers to the full participation of women in labour markets and an area of possible reform is outlined.
Allocative inefficiency, X-inefficiency, Bureaucracy and Corruption in Developing Countries
Authors: Harris Geoff
Published: June 2017

Economists have traditionally been concerned with allocative efficiency, that is, with trying to make sure that the various factors of production are allocated so that the cost of any given output is minimized. Thus, they have emphasized the importance of ‘getting the prices right’ so that these reflect the relative scarcities of inputs in the economy and give the right signals, as regards resource allocation, to economic decision-makers. From the mid-1960s, Harvey Leibenstein has drawn attention to what he has termed X-inefficiencies which derive from non-price factors such as protection/shelter of enterprises from competition, inertia on the part of managers and limited effort by workers. This article examines the relative importance of allocative inefficiency, X-inefficiency, bureaucracy and corruption in LDCs. It finds that X-inefficiencies in developing countries are far more important than allocative inefficiencies. In addition, the inefficiencies resulting from each of bureaucracy and corruption, whilst difficult to measure, are at the very least as important as allocative inefficiencies and probably much more important. It also appears that X-inefficiencies are easier and less costly to reduce than allocative inefficiencies.
Exporting as a Strategic Response to Change in the UK Defence Industry
Authors: Bishop Paul
Published: June 2017

This paper examines the influence of firm size and a number of other variables on the decision to adopt exporting as a strategic response to recent changes in the UK defence environment. It is shown that although a significant link is found between firm size and exporting in a univariate context, the relationship vanishes in more complex multivariate models. This suggests that size is acting as a proxy for variables such as the presence of R&D activities and international collaboration which are related to both exporting and firm size. Future studies of small firm exporting hence need to explicitly model the complex interrelationships between size, exporting and other important variables.
Thy Kingdom is Divided: Fluctuating Tastes and Changes in Aggregate Demand
Authors: Kemp John
Published: June 2017

An extended Keynesian model provides insights not revealed by conventional models. An aggregate economy is conceptualised as comprising a heterogeneous amalgam of individuals with fluctuating demands. The consequences of these fluctuations are, initially, shown to be consistent with the predictions of orthodox models. However, a much richer explanatory power arises once inflationary expectations are incorporated. Predictions are then generated that have a greater correspondence with stagflation and/or the growth of inequalities, along with the development of an economy that is characterised by an increasing schism—the emergence of ‘the two nations’ and the growth of want amidst plenty.
Cluster Analysis of Laboratory Tests Used for the Evaluation of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome
Authors: Pelmear P.L. , Kusiak R. , Dembek B.
Published: June 2017

Three hundred and sixty-four patients exposed to hand-arm vibration at work were assessed in a clinical laboratory designated for this purpose in Toronto, Canada during the period 1989–92. The assessment included completion of a subjective history questionnaire; a medical examination of the upper torso, cardiovascular and central nervous systems; and multiple vascular, sensorineural and laboratory tests. The test results were used to assess the severity of Hand-arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) and grade the subjects according to the Stockholm stages. A statistical clustering algorithm was used to categorise the subjects according to the results of their diagnostic tests. One set of clusters was made from the vascular test results and another from the sensory test results. These clusters were compared with the Stockholm history (SH) and diagnostic (SD) stages. The clusters based upon the vascular test results (the vascular clusters) agreed well with the SD vascular stages (P= 1×10−9), and less well with the SD sensorineural stages (P=0.04). The clusters based upon the sensory test results (the sensory clusters) agreed well with the SD sensorineural stages (P=0.0003), and less well with the SD vascular stages (P=0.03). The mean values for the diagnostic tests within the clusters were compared. The sensory test results differed between the sensory clusters while most vascular test results did not. Likewise, the vascular test results differed between the vascular clusters while most sensory tests did not. A comparison of the vascular and sensory clusters showed that while some men suffered severe sensory effects and others suffered severe vascular effects, few suffered both. Hence this analysis confirms that the severity grading of sensory and vascular components of HAVS must be evaluated separately as now practised.

This cluster analysis technique (SAS'S FASTCLUS procedure) has proved to be useful for the objective analysis of the results from many diagnostic tests on a large group of individuals. The reference data of the tests within the cluster groupings provides a basis for the objective classification of the severity of HAVS in individual patients.
The Air-supported Membrane Roof at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Springfield J.
Published: June 2017

The paper describes the design and construction of an 82 m × 64 m clear span roof, super elliptical in plan, composed of thin stainless steel sheet supported by internal air pressure. The patented Sinoski joint inserted between segments of the roof to permit construction on the flat is also described. Other aspects discussed are the reinforced concrete perimeter compression ring, the welding of the sheet and aeroelastic model wind tunnel testing.
Timber Pole Space Frames
Authors: Huybers Pieter
Published: June 2017

Timber poles are not often used for structural purposes in building, although they are a cheap material with good mechanical qualities. This is due to the fact that the poles often suffer from shrinkage cracks, which makes it difficult to transfer the load from one element to another in a way that is structurally sound.

To overcome this particular problem, in the Civil Engineering Department of the Delft University of Technology a manually operated tool has been developed with which strong and tight lacings of galvanized steel wire can be strung around the poles in order to keep them together. This principle has been applied in spatial-type structures, where larger numbers of identical, relatively thin, poles of 10 cm diameter are interconnected to form double-layer grids. According to this principle a few prototype structures have been built and test-loaded, including the load-bearing frames of two agricultural buildings, one at Lelystad in The Netherlands and one at Winchester in England. A few others are under construction.

The tool was originally designed for use in developing countries. For other countries a more industrialized way of producing the laced connections is considered.
Nonlinear Response of a Hyperbolic Paraboloid Network
Authors: Kassimali Aslam , Parsi-Feraidoonian Hootashmand
Published: June 2017

The nonlinear behaviour and stiffness characteristics of a hyperbolic paraboloid network, subjected to symmetric and asymmetric loads, are studied. The method of analysis used is based on an Eulerian formulation which accounts for arbitrarily large joint deformations. The effects of inelastic material properties and slackening of members are included in the analysis. The slackening behaviour of the network is examined, and the influence of symmetric and asymmetric load ratios on the deformational response of the structure is investigated.
Experimental Verification of a Space Frame Roof Design
Authors: Levy Matthys , Chow Cecil
Published: June 2017

The Javits Center in New York is constructed using a space frame system. The design has been verified by a series of tests on the components and on the actual structure. An account of these tests together with their results are given in this paper.
Futuristic Structure: A Philosophical Enquiry
Authors: Benjamin B.S.
Published: June 2017

How will structure evolve in the future? This paper considers evolutionary pressures for change – with history as its guide. The author's ideas, together with the scenarios of Buckminster Fuller, form a basis to discuss structure in futuristic cities, third world countries and outer space. The paper concludes with the suggestion that the more fundamental laws of physics will play a dominant role in the evolution of super-efficient structural systems of the future.
A Formex Formulation for Substructure Analysis of Open Web Grids
Authors: Maalek S.
Published: June 2017

In this work, a formex procedure is presented in order to provide a conceptually consistent method of formex formulation in the context of substructure analysis. Grids composed of beams with multiple web openings are treated for which substructuring is well suited. An open web beam can be regarded as an assembly of typical units. Formex formulations are produced for such typical units and for the whole assembly. The concepts of plenices are also employed in order to organise a suitable system for a formex representation of partitioned configurations. Also, a formex function is introduced which makes it possible to generate some distorted configurations from regular patterns. A reader with no familiarity with formex algebra may wish to consult Ref. 2 or Ref. 6 for a brief sketch of formex algebra and Ref. 7 for a quick reference on plenices.
A Motion Process for Large Displacement Analysis of Spatial Frames
Authors: Hsiao Kuo Mo , Tsay Chang Ming
Published: June 2017

A motion process of a spatial beam element which can retain the continuity of spatial frames at rigid joints is poroposed to remove the restriction of small rotations between two successive increments for large displacement analysis of spatial frames using a corotational formulation combined with incremental-iterative methods. Two different strategies are proposed to determine the current configuration.

The element formulation is derived based on the small deflection beam theory with the inclusion of the effect of axial force in the element coordinate system which is determined by the locations of end nodes and the orientations of end cross sections of the beam element. The element deformations are determined by rotations of end cross sections relative to the element coordinate system.

An incremental-iterative method based on the Newton-Raphson method combined with are length control is adopted. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the present method.
Compound Forms from Elements with Hyperbolic Surfaces
Authors: Trushcov Anatoly G. , Ivanov Gennady P.
Published: June 2017

Interesting results obtained while forming structures with the use of single-petalous hyperbolic paraboloids are presented in this paper. Two main methods of forming compound shells are discussed. Formation possibilities are illustrated by examples, such as box beams and columns with walls made of hypars, bunkers and vertical silos, support elements in foundation that work under vertical load with large eccentricity, folded structures, vaulted and domed radial shells that have various plan views. The structures, mentioned above, are made of hypars with straight edges.
Complex Fractional-Spectral Method for Space Curved Struts: Theory and Application
Authors: Horr A.M. , Schmidt L.C.
Published: June 2017

Based on the theory of fractional calculus and the complex spectral theory of vibration, a new spectrally-formulated finite-element method of analysis is developed which is capable of making accurate predictions of the dynamic response of damped structures with curved struts. The frequency-dependent and temperature-dependent damping characteristics of structural materials can be modelled accurately using the fractional derivative model. The main features of the complex-spectral element method of analysis are presented in this paper. Although most structural systems can be analysed and designed by using the conventional finite element method, in order to guarantee stability and accuracy of the solution the number of elements used to model the structure may be very large. Hence, it appears that, for large structures, it may be more effective to use the spectral approach presented in this paper.
Application of Advanced Composites to a Double Layer Stressed Skin Roof Structure
Authors: Parsa K. , Hollaway L.
Published: June 2017

Prefabricated GFRP continuum/skeletal structural units are utilised in modular construction of a stressed skin double layer roof system. An experimental scaled model of the roof structure was manufactured in perspex and tested, the results of the experimental investigation validated a numerical model of the roof which in turn was employed in a parameter study of a full-scale GFRP roof structure by application of nonlinear load-deflection finite element analysis. The parameter study confirmed that the governing design factors were the deflections of the structure and/or the buckling of the members. Recommendations are made to economically maximise the stiffness and ultimate load capacity of such structures.
Shape Optimization of a Double-Layer Space Truss Described by a Parametric Surface
Authors: Ohsaki M. , Nakamura Tsuneyoshi , Kohiyama M.
Published: June 2017

A method is presented for finding the optimal configuration of a double-layer space truss described by a parametric surface. The number of design variables is drastically reduced, without sacrificing the smoothness of the upper layer surface, by using the control net parameters as design variables. The coordinates of the lower nodes are defined by using a vertical or normal offset vectors from the upper surface. Curvatures of the curve associated with the lower polygon are calculated for evaluating feasibility and regularity of the a double-layer lattice space truss. In the examples, a feasible optimum design, which minimizes compliance under constraints on structural volume, are successfully found by using the proposed method. It is shown that the optimal solutions strongly depend on the specified ratios of the cross-sectional areas of the members.
A Report on Large Roof Structures Damaged by the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
Authors: Kawaguchi Kenichi
Published: June 2017

“The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake” brought about the worst earthquake disaster in the past seventy years in Japan. Heavy damage to many and various structures was brought about. In this emergency many large roof spaces were converted as temporary refuge spaces for numerous refugees. Light weight large roof structures could mostly safely survive. However there were a few large span roof structures which were heavily damaged. In this report an overview of the earthquake is given and results of investigations of damage to large roof structures are reported. Some remarks on typical damage to large roof buildings, including damage to non-structural elements, are illustrated.
Dynamic Response of Base Isolated Rotational Shell with Edge Beam and Fuzzy Vibration Control of the Shell
Authors: Shingu Kiyoshi , Hiratsuka Kiyotoshi
Published: June 2017

Seismic isolation and fuzzy vibration control systems, which consist of a shell with an edge beam which has springs and variable dampers between the edge beam and the ground, are suggested by one of the authors.

In this paper, natural vibration modes and natural frequencies of base isolated rotational shells with edge beams are shown. When the shell shakes due to vertical seismic forces, the seismic isolated system is implemented. As a result, stresses in the shell are significantly reduced.

Furthermore, vibration control of the shell is carried out. Then the damping ratios are adjusted by the fuzzy theory, and stresses in the shell are further reduced.
Vibration Behaviour of Single-Layer Latticed Cylindrical Roofs
Authors: Yamada Seishi
Published: June 2017

Damped response analyses by using simple ideas from the well-known dynamic modal analysis are performed in this paper. The present general methods are applied to the orthotropic continuum shell which is adopted as the analogue of a latticed cylindrical roof structure, and the variation of the vibration behaviour with geometric parameters or a premotion loading factor is clarified.
Study of Dynamic Collapse of Single Layer Reticular Domes Subjected to Earthquake Motion and the Estimation of Statically Equivalent Seismic Forces
Authors: Kato Shiro , Ueki Takashi , Mukaiyama Yoichi
Published: June 2017

The present paper investigates the dynamic response characteristics of single layer reticular domes subjected to horizontal earthquake motions from the following view points: (1) how to estimate the statically equivalent seismic forces applied to domes both for high rise and low rise; and (2) how to estimate the collapse accelerations under which the domes collapse dynamically. For these purposes, linear response analyses, linear buckling analyses, geometrically and materially nonlinear static analyses and geometrically and materially nonlinear earthquake response analyses are performed. Based on the results, the collapse accelerations are expressed as a function of the safety factor for domes under self weight. The expression for the collapse accelerations leads to an approximate measure by which structural designers may balance the static resistant capacity under self weight and the dynamic resistant capacity under earthquake motions.
Child Witnesses in Scottish Criminal Trials
Authors: Flin Rhona , Bull Ray , Boon Julian , Knox Anne
Published: June 2017

This paper presents the results of the first British study to record systematically observations of children giving evidence in criminal trials. Psychologists watched a total of 89 children aged between 5–15 years being examined as prosecution witnesses in a wide range of riminal cases being heard in the District, Sheriff and High Courts of Glasgow, Scotland. Ratings were made of the child's demeanour and of the lawyers' questioning techniques. Most children were able to give their evidence reasonably well; nevertheless a third of them did appear tense and unhappy while in the witness box. The results are discussed in the context of recent attempts to reform the procedures for hearing and testing children's evidence in British criminal courts.
Using Corporate Sponsored Marketing Management Projects
Authors: Browne William G.
Published: June 2017

This paper provides information on the use of projects in a five hour undergraduate marketing management course. The projects have been used to supplement the text and lectures with the purpose of providing a vehicle for applying marketing concepts to various organizations and industries. Since most texts rely heavily on consumer products many of the projects are devoted to industrial products to give the students a more complete experience in the marketing profession. The following paper presents the detail on the project planning, project development, classroom and out-of-class operations, and benefits received by the students and project sponsors.
The Development of Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales for Evaluating Marketing Cases
Authors: Spivey W. Austin
Published: June 2017

To help establish a motivating classroom environment, a set of behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) was developed to evaluate marketing cases. Seven relevant tasks and corresponding behavioral anchors were identified; both undergraduate and graduate students participated. The system presented offers many advantages which bring it closer to an ideal evaluation system. Marketing professors should not hesitate to adopt BARS similar to the set described.
Teaching Techniques for the New Marketing Instructor: Bringing the Business World into the Classroom
Authors: Henke John W. , Locander William B. , Mentzer John T. , Nastas George
Published: June 2017

Bringing the realism of marketing into the classroom can help new marketing instructors overcome their lack of teaching experiences and have more time to do research and write articles, while enriching the marketing course for the students. Several pedagogical techniques that accomplish this end, including benefits, costs, resource availability, and best setting, are discussed.
Corporate Culture in the Academic Marketing Department
Authors: Williams Alvin J. , Vreeland Richard C.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the efficacy of the corporate culture idea to improved performance in academic marketing departments. All departments have a culture. The challenge is to formulate a healthy and viable culture. Abbreviated case examples are included to demonstrate contrasting cultures.
Use of Literature to Illustrate the Principles of Marketing: A Familiarity-Based Approach
Authors: Menon Anil , Bush Alan , Gresham Larry
Published: June 2017

Presently, more and more business educators are relying on computer and video technologies to complement their teaching effectiveness. This article argues for a literary approach to teaching marketing principles that can be used as an effective complement to the video and computer-aided lectures to enhance student interest. Personal selling principles are illustrated through use of passages from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar.
Application of Group Decision Support Systems in Marketing Education
Authors: Cordell Victor V.
Published: June 2017

A group decision support system (GDSS) exercise employing the GE Matrix for international market evaluation was conducted with an Executive M.B.A. class. A postexercise survey of subjects indicated support for using this technology to elicit ideas and evaluations from groups. This technology is recommended for marketing class exercises and group projects.