bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid selection of environmentally friendly layered alkaline-earth metal phosphates as solid lubricants using crystallographic data
Authors: Zhang Xiaosheng , Niu Wenxing , Dai Yingjing , Xu Hong , Dong Jinxiang
Published: October 2018

Lubricating technologies are essential for saving energy and identifying effective, environmentally friendly layered materials that meet the demands of solid lubricants is an important direction. Herein, we probed the relationships between load-carrying capacity and crystal structure. The results showed that increasing the sliding resistance of interlayers using corrugated layers increased the load-carrying capacity of layered solid lubricants. This finding expands on the traditional lubrication mechanism of layered materials. Following the rules, rapid selection of layered potassium magnesium and calcium phosphates (K-LMP and K-LCP) as effective solid lubricants was achieved using crystallographic data and strict filtering criteria. In order to prepare materials suitable for lubrication, the synthesis of K-LMP and K-LCP was optimised. These materials could be utilised in the food, textile or marine machinery industries in the future. The developed method could successfully guide the synthesis of application-oriented materials.
Photodiodes embedded within electronic textiles
Authors: Satharasinghe Achala , Hughes-Riley Theodore , Dias Tilak
Published: October 2018

A novel photodiode-embedded yarn has been presented and characterized for the first time, offering new possibilities for applications including monitoring body vital signs (including heart rate, blood oxygen and skin temperature) and environmental conditions (light, humidity and ultraviolet radiation). To create an E-Textile integrated with electronic devices that is comfortable, conformal, aesthetically pleasing and washable, electronic components are best integrated within the structure of a textile fabric in yarn form. The device is first encapsulated within a protective clear resin micro-pod before being covered in a fibrous sheath. The resin micro-pod and covering fibres have a significant effect on the nature of light received by the photoactive region of the device. This work characterised the effects of both encapsulating photodiodes within resin micro-pods and covering the micro-pod with a fibrous sheath on the opto-electronic parameters. A theoretical model is presented to provide an estimate for these effects and validated experimentally using two photodiode types and a range of different resin micro-pods. This knowledge may have wider applications to other devices with small-scale opto-electronic components. Wash tests confirmed that the yarns could survive multiple machine wash and drying cycles without deterioration in performance.
Quantum probability in decision making from quantum information representation of neuronal states
Authors: Khrennikov Andrei , Basieva Irina , Pothos Emmanuel M. , Yamato Ichiro
Published: October 2018

The recent wave of interest to modeling the process of decision making with the aid of the quantum formalism gives rise to the following question: ‘How can neurons generate quantum-like statistical data?’ (There is a plenty of such data in cognitive psychology and social science). Our model is based on quantum-like representation of uncertainty in generation of action potentials. This uncertainty is a consequence of complexity of electrochemical processes in the brain; in particular, uncertainty of triggering an action potential by the membrane potential. Quantum information state spaces can be considered as extensions of classical information spaces corresponding to neural codes; e.g., 0/1, quiescent/firing neural code. The key point is that processing of information by the brain involves superpositions of such states. Another key point is that a neuronal group performing some psychological functionFis an open quantum system. It interacts with the surrounding electrochemical environment. The process of decision making is described as decoherence in the basis of eigenstates ofF. A decision state is a steady state. This is a linear representation of complex nonlinear dynamics of electrochemical states. Linearity guaranteesexponentially fast convergence to the decision state.
ACE-inhibition induces a cardioprotective transcriptional response in the metabolic syndrome heart
Authors: Yakubova Aziza , Thorrez Lieven , Svetlichnyy Dmitry , Zwarts Liesbeth , Vulsteke Veerle , Laenen Griet , Oosterlinck Wouter , Moreau Yves , Dehaspe Luc , Van Houdt Jeroen , Cortés-Calabuig Álvaro , De Moor Bart , Callaerts Patrick , Herijgers Paul
Published: October 2018

Cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome has a high prevalence, but the mechanistic basis of metabolic cardiomyopathy remains poorly understood. We characterised the cardiac transcriptome in a murine metabolic syndrome (MetS) model (LDLR−/−; ob/ob, DKO) relative to the healthy, control heart (C57BL/6, WT) and the transcriptional changes induced by ACE-inhibition in those hearts. RNA-Seq, differential gene expression and transcription factor analysis identified 288 genes differentially expressed between DKO and WT hearts implicating 72 pathways. Hallmarks of metabolic cardiomyopathy were increased activity in integrin-linked kinase signalling, Rho signalling, dendritic cell maturation, production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in macrophages, atherosclerosis, LXR-RXR signalling, cardiac hypertrophy, and acute phase response pathways. ACE-inhibition had a limited effect on gene expression in WT (55 genes, 23 pathways), and a prominent effect in DKO hearts (1143 genes, 104 pathways). In DKO hearts, ACE-I appears to counteract some of the MetS-specific pathways, while also activating cardioprotective mechanisms. We conclude that MetS and control murine hearts have unique transcriptional profiles and exhibit a partially specific transcriptional response to ACE-inhibition.
Evolution of Chikungunya virus in mosquito cells
Authors: Mohamed Ali Souand , Amroun Abdennour , de Lamballerie Xavier , Nougairède Antoine
Published: October 2018

It has been observed that replication of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in C6/36 Aedes albopictus cells has little effect on virus evolution. To characterize evolutionary patterns associated with CHIKV replication in mosquito cells, we performed serial passages of the LR2006 strain in Ae. albopictus cells (75 and 30 passages in C6/36 and U4.4 respectively) and Ae. aegypti cells (100 passages in AA-A20 and in AE) and studied genotypic changes accompanying adaptation during this evolutionary process. Quantitative analysis revealed cell specific patterns: low mutation rates in C6/36 cells except when a CHIKV strain pre-adapted to mammalian was used and typical features of adaptation to cell culture conditions with a high number of fixed mutations in AE and AA-A20 cells probably due to the weak permissiveness of these latter cell lines. Altogether, these results suggested that both cell line and viral strain influence rates of viral evolution. In contrast, characteristics and distribution of mutations were qualitatively very similar in all mosquito cells with a high level of parallel evolution including 4 deletion mutations. Serial passage in mammalian cells of viruses pre-adapted to mosquito cells revealed disappearance of almost all shared mutations suggesting that many of these mutational patterns are vector-specific.
Activity of frontal pole cortex reflecting hedonic tone of food and drink: fNIRS study in humans
Authors: Minematsu Yuji , Ueji Kayoko , Yamamoto Takashi
Published: October 2018

Cognitive and hedonic aspects of taste have been studied using different neuroimaging techniques in humans. However, the methods used are unsuitable for easy monitoring of hedonics induced by intake of foods and beverages. Here we have tried to monitor changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) levels in the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC, frontopolar cortex, Brodmann area 10) in response to intake of hedonically different edibles in healthy adults. When subjects tasted sweet and bitter solutions freely without any particular instruction, cortical activation varied greatly among subjects and between the two stimuli, and no consistent results were obtained. Subjects then ate or drank preferred (hedonically positive) and disliked (hedonically negative) edibles. Although these stimuli differed among subjects, hedonically positive stimuli decreased oxyHb, whereas hedonically negative stimuli increased oxyHb, particularly in the ventral aPFC. When subjects tasted 4 kinds of jellies with different flavors and evaluated the degree of pleasantness, oxyHb level in the ventral region correlated negatively with pleasantness score. These results revealed that pleasant and unpleasant edibles tended to elicit decreased and increased oxyHb levels, respectively, within the ventral aPFC, suggesting that monitoring of oxyHb in this region may prove useful for objective evaluation of pleasantness of food and drink.
Molecular methods in electrochemical microRNA detection
Authors: Gillespie Philip , Ladame Sylvain , O'Hare Danny
Published: October 2018

High-throughput profiling/sensing of nucleic acids has recently emerged as a highly promising strategy for the early diagnosis and improved prognosis of a broad range of pathologies, most notably cancer. The review highlights some of the most promising strategies for electrochemical sensing of microRNA biomarkers.
One-step construction of molecular complexity bytert-butyl nitrite (TBN)-initiated cascade α,β-sp3C–H bond difunctionalization and C–N bond cleavage
Authors: He Kaixuan , Li Pengfei , Zhang Shuwei , Chen Qian , Ji Honghe , Yuan Yu , Jia Xiaodong
Published: October 2018

TBN initiated α,β-sp3C–H bond difunctionalization and C–N bond cleavage have been realized.
A comparative study of NiCo2O4 catalyst supported on Ni foam and from solution residuals fabricated by a hydrothermal approach for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Yang Liting , Zhang Baogang , Fang Bo , Feng Ligang
Published: October 2018

Residuals should be given more attention when catalyst is prepared using the hydrothermal fabrication approach.
Halobismuthates with halopyridinium cations: appearance or non-appearance of unusual colouring
Authors: Adonin Sergey A. , Gorokh Igor D. , Novikov Alexander S. , Samsonenko Denis G. , Yushina Irina V. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Fedin Vladimir P.
Published: October 2018

A series of chloro- and bromobismuthate complexes with bromopyridinium cations were prepared and characterized by XRD analysis and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
Comment on “Angstrom-scale probing of paramagnetic center location in nanodiamonds by 3He NMR at low temperatures” by V. Kuzmin, K. Safiullin, G. Dolgorukov, A. Stanislavovas, E. Alakshin, T. Safin, B. Yavkin, S. Orlinskii, A. Kiiamov, M. Presnyakov, A. Klochkov and M. Tagirov, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 1476
Authors: Shames Alexander I. , Osipov Vladimir Yu. , Panich Alexander M.
Published: October 2018

We found some inconsistencies in the data and models in the above work which question the results obtained.
Quantum approaches to vibrational dynamics and spectroscopy: is ease of interpretation sacrificed as rigor increases?
Authors: Qu Chen , Bowman Joel M.
Published: October 2018

The subject of this Perspective is quantum approaches, beyond the harmonic approximation, to vibrational dynamics and IR spectroscopy.
Influence of the charge on the reactivity of azafullerenes
Authors: García-Rodeja Yago , Solà Miquel , Fernández Israel
Published: October 2018

The influence of the charge on the Diels–Alder reactivity of azafullerenes (C59N+ and C59N−) has been computationally explored by means of density functional theory calculations.
Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescence sensors and imaging agents
Authors: Sedgwick Adam C. , Wu Luling , Han Hai-Hao , Bull Steven D. , He Xiao-Peng , James Tony D. , Sessler Jonathan L. , Tang Ben Zhong , Tian He , Yoon Juyoung
Published: October 2018

We review recent advances in the design and application of excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescent probes. These sensors and imaging agents (probes) are important in biology, physiology, pharmacology, and environmental science.
Synergistic effect of VOx and MnOx surface species for improved performance of V2O5/Ce0.5Ti0.5−xMnxO2−δ catalysts in low-temperature NH3-SCR of NO
Authors: Vuong Thanh Huyen , Bartling Stephan , Bentrup Ursula , Lund Henrik , Rabeah Jabor , Atia Hanan , Armbruster Udo , Brückner Angelika
Published: October 2018

Inserting adjacent Mn3+/Mn2+ and VO3+/VO2+ redox couples in Ce1−xTixO2 improves catalytic performance.
Pyridinium lead tribromide and pyridinium lead triiodide: quasi-one-dimensional perovskites with an optically active aromatic π-system
Authors: Selivanov N. I. , Murashkina A. A. , Kevorkyants R. , Emeline A. V. , Bahnemann D. W.
Published: October 2018

Upon irradiation, the electrons in the novel quasi-1D metal organic perovskites are excited from the halide anions onto the aromatic pyridinium cations.
Selective signalling of glyphosate in water using europium luminescence
Authors: Jennings Laura B. , Shuvaev Sergey , Fox Mark A. , Pal Robert , Parker David
Published: October 2018

Selective sensing of glyphosate in the micromolar regime in water.
Correction: Preferential site occupancy of Eu3+ ions in strontium hydroxyapatite nanocrystalline – Sr10(PO4)6(OH)2 – structural and spectroscopic characterisation
Authors: Zawisza Katarzyna , Wiglusz Rafal J.
Published: October 2018

Correction for ‘Preferential site occupancy of Eu3+ ions in strontium hydroxyapatite nanocrystalline – Sr10(PO4)6(OH)2 – structural and spectroscopic characterisation’ by Katarzyna Zawisza and Rafal J. Wiglusz, Dalton Trans., 2017, 46, 3265–3275.
Ice nucleation by particles containing long-chain fatty acids of relevance to freezing by sea spray aerosols
Authors: DeMott Paul J. , Mason Ryan H. , McCluskey Christina S. , Hill Thomas C. J. , Perkins Russell J. , Desyaterik Yury , Bertram Allan K. , Trueblood Jonathan V. , Grassian Vicki H. , Qiu Yuqing , Molinero Valeria , Tobo Yutaka , Sultana Camille M. , Lee Christopher , Prather Kimberly A.
Published: October 2018

How do fatty acid particles induce freezing?
Impact of chemical interface damping on surface plasmon dephasing
Authors: Therrien Andrew J. , Kale Matthew J. , Yuan Lin , Zhang Chao , Halas Naomi J. , Christopher Phillip
Published: October 2018

We characterized the change in photon absorption and scattering properties of plasmonic Au nanoparticles by chemical interface damping.
Invisible-ink-assisted pattern and written surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates for versatile chem/biosensing platforms
Authors: Lee Chien-Wei , Ko Han , Chang Shih-Hui Gilbert , Huang Chih-Chia
Published: October 2018

Because of the amphiphilic attraction to tannic acid and sharp nano-Au-SERS response, a single substrate enabled wide label-free sensing toward ionic compounds, hydrophobic molecules, biological responses, and chemical reactions.
A β-glucuronidase-responsive albumin-binding prodrug programmed for the double release of monomethyl auristatin E
Authors: Renoux Brigitte , Fangous Laure , Hötten Camille , Péraudeau Elodie , Eddhif Balkis , Poinot Pauline , Clarhaut Jonathan , Papot Sébastien
Published: October 2018

Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo biological evaluations of a β-glucuronidase-responsive albumin-binding prodrug bearing a chemical amplifier.
Single silicon nanostripe gated suspended monolayer and bilayer WS2 to realize abnormal electro-optical modulation
Authors: Yan Jiahao , Ma Churong , Huang Yingcong , Yang Guowei
Published: October 2018

PL enhancement and modulation are achieved together in a WS2-Mie resonator hybrid system.
Analysis of the soybean metallothionein system under free radical stress: protein modification connected to lipid membrane damage
Authors: Tomàs Giner Mireia , Jiménez-Martí Elena , Bofill Arasa Roger , Tinti Anna , Di Foggia Michele , Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Torreggiani Armida
Published: October 2018

Metal clusters act as good interceptors of free radicals for four plant metallothioneins: partial deconstruction, structural rearrangement and damage transfer to cell membranes.
Noble metal supported hexagonal boron nitride for the oxygen reduction reaction: a DFT study
Authors: Back Seoin , Siahrostami Samira
Published: October 2018

Discovering active, stable and cost-effective catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of utmost interest for commercialization of fuel cells. Herein, we use density functional theory calculations to systematically study metal supported hexagonal boron nitride as ORR catalysts. Our results indicate that this strategy is a promising to increase the stability against CO poisoning as well as to activate inert h-BN toward the ORR.
Cooperation effect of heterojunction and co-catalyst in BiVO4/Bi2S3/NiOOH photoanode for improving photoelectrochemical performances
Authors: Wei Jindong , Zhou Cailou , Xin Ying , Li Xifei , Zhao Lei , Liu Zhifeng
Published: October 2018

The separation and transport of photogenerated electron–hole pairs as well as wider light absorption and surface reaction kinetics are the main limitations in photoelectrochemical water splitting.
One-step solvothermal fabrication of Cu@PANI core–shell nanospheres for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Ting , Wu Dan , Wang Youliang , Huang Tingbo , Histand Gary , Wang Tingting , Zeng Heping
Published: October 2018

Cu@PANI core–shell nanospheres synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method exhibit strong light absorption, good stability and efficient separation of photo-generated electron–hole pairs.
Tetraphenylethylene-based glycoclusters with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties as high-affinity ligands of bacterial lectins
Authors: Donnier-Maréchal Marion , Abdullayev Shuay , Bauduin Marvin , Pascal Yoann , Fu Meng-Qi , He Xiao-Peng , Gillon Emilie , Imberty Anne , Kipnis Eric , Dessein Rodrigue , Vidal Sébastien
Published: October 2018

TPE-based glycoclusters are fluorescent through aggregation induced emission (AIE) in water.
Mannich-type addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to chiral tert-butanesulfinyltrifluoroacetaldimines. Mechanistic aspects and chiroptical studies
Authors: Mazzeo Giuseppe , Longhi Giovanna , Abbate Sergio , Mangiavacchi Francesca , Santi Claudio , Han Jianlin , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Melensi Luca , Ruzziconi Renzo
Published: October 2018

Divergent diastereoselectivities are observed under quite different reaction conditions. An in-depth investigation of the chiroptical properties of the products has been carried out.
Self-assembled micro-fibres by oxime connection of linear peptide amphiphiles
Authors: Booth Richard , Insua Ignacio , Bhak Ghibom , Montenegro Javier
Published: October 2018

The oxime connection between linear peptides and hydrophobic aldehydes affords amphiphiles that are excellent biocompatible scaffolds for the hierarchical self-assembly of nano and micro fibrillar structures in aqueous media.
Rearranged ergostane-type natural products: chemistry, biology, and medicinal aspects
Authors: Duecker Fenja L. , Reuß Franziska , Heretsch Philipp
Published: October 2018

Rearranged ergostane-type natural products are structurally intriguing and exhibit biologically relevant properties.
Pd-Catalyzed tandem reaction of N-(2-cyanoaryl)benzamides with arylboronic acids: synthesis of quinazolines
Authors: Zhu Jianghe , Shao Yinlin , Hu Kun , Qi Linjun , Cheng Tianxing , Chen Jiuxi
Published: October 2018

A Pd-catalyzed tandem reaction of N-(2-cyanoaryl)benzamides with arylboronic acids for the synthesis of quinazolines has been reported.
Highly reactive bis-cyclooctyne-modified diarylethene for SPAAC-mediated cross-linking
Authors: Strizhak Alexander V. , Sharma Krishna , Babii Oleg , Afonin Sergii , Ulrich Anne S. , Komarov Igor V. , Spring David R.
Published: October 2018

Photoisomerizable diarylethenes equipped with triple bonds are promising building blocks for constructing bistable photocontrollable systems.
A rapid construction of the ABC tricyclic skeleton of malabanone A
Authors: Li Tao , Wu Guangmiao , Feng Shangbiao , Wang Zemin , Xie Xingang , She Xuegong
Published: October 2018

The ABC tricyclic skeleton of malabanone A was accomplished in a concise route starting from R-carvone.
Accessing 4-oxy-substituted isoquinolinones via C–H activation and regioselective migratory insertion with electronically biased ynol ethers
Authors: Coles-Taylor Brandon L. , McCallum Maximilian S. , Lee J. Scott , Michel Brian W.
Published: October 2018

The rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation and annulation with ynol ethers to directly provide 4-oxy substituted isoquinolinones is reported.
Antiferromagnetism in two-dimensional polyradical nanosheets
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Caixing , Xu Xueli , Meng Zhi , Tong Wei , Ma Zongwei , Zhou Chun , Sun Yuping , Sheng Zhigao
Published: October 2018

2D polyradical nanosheets were prepared using interfacial polymerization and exhibited obvious antiferromagnetic behavior.
Cerium and tin oxides anchored onto reduced graphene oxide for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3at low temperatures
Authors: Wang Yanli , Kang Ying , Ge Meng , Xiu Zhang Xiu Zhang , Zhan Liang
Published: October 2018

A series of cerium and tin oxides anchored on graphene oxide (CeO2–SnOx/rGO) catalysts are synthesized for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3in the temperature range of 120–280 °C.
Synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones under metal-free and solvent-free conditions for minimizing waste generation
Authors: Tran Phuong Hoang , Thi Bui Thanh-Phuong , Bach Lam Xuan-Quynh , Thi Nguyen Xuan-Trang
Published: October 2018

A facile, efficient, and atom-economic method for preparing benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones under metal- and solvent-free condition has been developed.
Strongly coloured thiocyanate frameworks with perovskite-analogue structures
Authors: Cliffe Matthew J. , Keyzer Evan N. , Dunstan Matthew T. , Ahmad Shahab , De Volder Michael F. L. , Deschler Felix , Morris Andrew J. , Grey Clare P.
Published: October 2018

We report the first examples of thiocyanate-based analogues of the cyanide Prussian blue compounds, MIII[Bi(SCN)6], M = Fe, Cr, Sc.
Chemical reactions under the nanofluidic confinement of reconstructed lamellar membranes
Authors: Saha Kundan , Deka Jumi , Hens Sushovan , Saikia Sourav , Raidongia Kalyan
Published: October 2018

The nanochannel network of reconstructed vermiculite clay is employed here to study the effects of nanofluidic confinement on chemical reactions.
Self-assembled soft nanoparticle membranes with programmed free volume hierarchy
Authors: Wu Jia-Kai , Wang Nai-Xin , Hung Wei-Song , Zhao Qiang , Lee Kueir-Rarn , An Quan-Fu
Published: October 2018

A self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticle membrane was prepared, featuring programed free volume hierarchy, 8 times enhanced fractional free volume, and highly improved molecular separation performance in ethanol dehydration.
Annexin V-containing cubosomes for targeted early detection of apoptosis in degenerative retinal tissue
Authors: Ding Yue , Chow Seong Hoong , Liu Guei-Sheung , Wang Bo , Lin Tsung-Wu , Hsu Hsien-Yi , Duff Anthony P. , Le Brun Anton P. , Shen Hsin-Hui
Published: October 2018

ANX–PS–Phy cubosomes could be applied as a safe and robust drug delivery vehicle for targeting damaged, apoptotic cells in ocular diseases.
Exploring the potential value of miR-148b-3p, miR-151b and miR-27b-3p as biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Cheng Xiuli , Kan Pengcheng , Ma Zhuolin , Wang Yaru , Song Wen , Huang Chao , Zhang Biao
Published: October 2018

Cerebrovascular disease is the main cause of death in the world. Here, we explored whether circulating serum miR-148b-3p, miR-151b and miR-27b-3p could be as potential diagnostic biomarkers for diagnosing acute ischemic stroke. Seventy-seven IS patients and forty-two healthy controls matched for age and sex were enrolled in the present study. Blood samples were drawn from IS patients within the 24 h. The correlation analysis was performed by Spearman. The ability to distinguish patients from healthy controls was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The expression of circulating serum miR-148b-3p was significantly decreased, whereas miR-151b and miR-27b-3p were elevated significantly compared with controls. ROC analysis showed area under the ROC curve (AUC) of miR-148b-3p, miR-151b and miR-27b-3p to be 0.6647, 0.6852 and 0.6657, respectively. While the AUC increased to 0.8103 for the combination of miR-148b-3p and miR-27b-3p. Blood miR-151b level was negatively correlated with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and miR-27b-3p level was negatively correlated with IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, respectively. Our findings suggest that miR-148b-3p, miR-151b and miR-27b-3p may serve as blood-based biomarkers for diagnosing ischemic stroke patients, and the combination of miR-148b-3p and miR-27b-3p may be more powerful.
Bilingual Speech Sound Development During the Preschool Years: The Role of Language Proficiency and Cross-Linguistic Relatedness
Authors: Montanari Simona , Mayr Robert , Subrahmanyam Kaveri
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate typical Spanish–English speech sound development longitudinally in a group of bilingual preschoolers enrolled in a Head Start Program and to examine the extent to which such development is linked to language proficiency. The study also aimed to identify whether speech development is related cross-linguistically and to improve our understanding of error patterns in this population.

Method

Thirty-five bilingual preschool children produced single-word speech samples in Spanish and English both at the beginning of their first and their second year in a Head Start Program. Conversational samples in both languages were also collected at these data points to calculate mean length of utterance in words (MLUw) and thus assess the children's linguistic proficiency. The phonetically transcribed speech samples were compared over time in terms of segmental accuracy measures and error pattern frequencies. Correlation analyses were run to examine the relation between segmental accuracy measures across languages and between speech sound production and MLUw.

Results

One-way within-subject analysis of variance revealed significant improvements in accuracy over time in both languages, but not always for cross-linguistically unshared segments, nor for all consonant manner classes. Overall error rates decreased over time in both languages; although, certain error types showed no change. Cross-linguistic interactions were low in both languages. The results also revealed significant cross-linguistic correlations in segmental accuracy between Spanish and English, as well as between MLUw and speech sound production in both languages on a range of measures, with language-specific differences in Year 2 of the Head Start Program, but not in Year 1.

Conclusions

This study is the first to document developmental changes in the speech patterns of Spanish–English bilingual preschool children over 1 year. Accuracy rates improved significantly in both languages, suggesting that enhanced exposure to the majority language at school may not impede phonological development in the home language. Bootstrapping effects were particularly pronounced on cross-linguistically shared sounds, which suggests that the same underlying skills are utilized in both languages, whereas language-specific singleton consonants and consonant clusters did not appear to benefit from exposure to the other language. The results also suggest an intricate link between phonological skills and morphosyntactic performance at the early stages of development, but a more complex pattern thereafter with differences that may be based on language-specific phonological properties.
Fully‐connected semantic segmentation of hyperspectral and LiDAR data
Authors: Aytaylan Hakan , Yuksel Seniha Esen
Published: October 2018

Semantic segmentation is an emerging field in the computer vision community where one can segment and label an object all at once, by considering the effects of the neighbouring pixels. In this study, the authors propose a new semantic segmentation model that fuses hyperspectral images with light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data in the three‐dimensional space defined by Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates and solves the task using a fully‐connected conditional random field (CRF). First, the authors’ pairwise energy in the CRF model takes into account the UTM coordinates of the data; and performs fusion in the real world coordinates. Second, as opposed to the commonly used Markov random fields (MRFs) which consider only the nearby pixels; the fully‐connected CRF considers all the pixels in an image to be connected. In doing so, they show that these long‐term interactions significantly enhance the results when compared to traditional MRF models. Third, they propose an adaptive scaling scheme to decide the weights of LiDAR and hyperspectral sensors in shadowy or sunny regions. Experimental results on the Houston dataset indicate the effectiveness of their method in comparison to the several MRF based approaches as well as other competing methods.
SF6 positive DC partial discharge decomposition components under four typical insulation defects
Authors: Cao Zhengqin , Tang Ju , Zeng Fuping , Yao Qiang , Miao Yulong
Published: October 2018

The condition monitoring and fault diagnosis method based on decomposed component analysis (DCA) for SF6 gas‐insulated equipment, which mainly aiming at AC SF6 gas‐insulated equipment, has become a research hotspot. Therefore, SF6 positive DC partial discharge (PD) decomposition experiments under four typical insulation defects were conducted in this work. The result showed that there is a significant correlation between the generation rules of the five SF6 decomposition components (CF4, CO2, SO2F2, SOF2 and SO2) and the types of defects. The phenomenon was attributed to the variations in the properties of the four insulation defects. In addition, comparing with AC PD experiment, for the protrusion, contamination and gap defect models, the amounts and generation rates of the five characteristic decomposition components under positive DC are less than those under AC by the same defect; however, for the particles defect, it is by contrary. This could be attributed to the essential difference between AC PD and positive DC PD. Therefore, the theory of AC DCA could provide reference to construct DCA diagnostic model for DC SF6 gas‐insulated equipment, but cannot be applied mechanically.
Energy and reserve co‐optimisation – reserve availability, lost opportunity and uplift compensation cost
Authors: Pavić Ivan , Dvorkin Yury , Pandžić Hrvoje
Published: October 2018

Ancillary services used for active power balancing are called balancing services or operating reserves and their provision is vital for maintaining power system frequency at the nominal value. In a deregulated environment, where generation is unbundled from transmission and distribution operations, independently owned generating companies may elect to provide operating reserves. However, it is not easy to calculate the exact cost of reserve provision and, therefore, bid for it accurately. Although the cost efficiency of reserve provision can be improved by co‐optimising energy and reserve markets, generating companies can still encounter monetary losses caused by the provision of reserve. Currently, these losses are compensated based on ex‐post calculations. Hence, current energy and reserve prices do not adequately factor in the ex‐post compensation caused by reserve provision. This study proposes an energy and reserve co‐optimisation with an explicit consideration of two compensation mechanisms, i.e. lost opportunity and uplift payments. The problem is structured as a bilevel model. The upper level is a mixed‐integer unit commitment problem and the lower level is a continuous economic dispatch problem. The case study shows that the proposed model increases market efficiency.
Real‐time energy management of a smart virtual power plant
Authors: Rahimiyan Morteza , Baringo Luis
Published: October 2018

The real‐time (RT) energy management of virtual power plants (VPPs) is a complex problem due to the coordinated operation of diverse energy resources and their associated uncertainties. This article presents a comparative analysis on alternative energy management models for a VPP that includes a wind power unit, an energy storage unit, and some flexible demands, which are interconnected within a small size electric energy system. The smart grid technology enables RT operation of the VPP by taking advantage of bidirectional communication infrastructure. To accomplish this task, the RT energy management is implemented through alternative decision‐making tools, namely, (i) a robust model, (ii) a stochastic programming model, and (iii) a stochastic robust model. To handle uncertainties, these optimisation models use prediction intervals, scenarios, and a combination of both, respectively. A realistic case study provides a comparative out‐of‐sample analysis considering the impact of the different parameters used to manage risk in these three models.
Event‐based non‐intrusive load identification algorithm for residential loads combined with underdetermined decomposition and characteristic filtering
Authors: Wu Xin , Han Xiao , Liang Kai Xin
Published: October 2018

For intelligent power utilisation of demand side management, the implementation of non‐intrusive load identification is an important technology. This study proposed an event‐based non‐intrusive load identification algorithm for residential loads combined with underdetermined decomposition and characteristic filtering. This method first needs to monitor the circuit in real time. After detecting an electrical switching event, the load decomposition and identification are performed. By combining the operating habits of the electrical equipment, the problem that the single current signal is difficult to solve by multi‐dimensional under‐determination is optimised as a one‐dimensional under‐determination problem. The objective function is established based on the sparsity of current in the frequency domain. The two‐step iterative shrinkage threshold algorithm is used to get the optimal solution to achieve load decomposition. Then, according to the unique harmonic components of each power load, this study establishes the characteristic filtering to filter the decomposition current, which realises load recognition. The algorithm is verified by actual data measured in a household. It can obtain the individual load current and accurately judge the load status, which proves the accuracy and effectiveness of the algorithm.
Analytical expressions for characterising voltage dips and phase‐angle jumps in electricity networks
Authors: Begum Most Tasneem Ara , Alam Mollah Rezaul , Muttaqi Kashem M.
Published: October 2018

Voltage dips/sags are one of the major concerns for electricity consumers as well as utility service providers. Therefore, the characterisation of voltage dips/sags is required. This study presents a set of mathematical expressions for characterising different types of voltage dips/sags and their associated phase‐angle jumps, which are typically found due to faults and/or disturbances in electricity networks. The expressions are derived analytically from the model of the power network containing generators, transmission and/or distribution lines, transformers etc. Four types of voltage dips, namely, A, B, E, and G, which are associated with four major types of faults including balanced three‐phase faults, single line‐to‐ground, double line‐to‐ground, and line‐to‐line faults, are considered to derive the analytical expressions. Dynamic simulation results, using a test distribution system, approve the validity as well as the accuracy of the developed expressions. The influence of fault‐types and fault‐locations is investigated from the mathematical expressions; further, validation is conducted through a simulation study. The analytical expressions, presented in this study, are a valuable tool in the planning stage since the expressions can be employed to characterise during‐fault voltage dips at different buses in electricity network without conducting a large number of repeated dynamic simulations.
Exact Legendre–Fourier moments in improved polar pixels configuration for image analysis
Authors: Camacho‐Bello C.
Published: October 2018

This study presents the exact Legendre–Fourier moments and a novel arrangement of polar pixels that allows calculating orthogonal moments defined in a unit radius more accurately than traditional methods. This arrangement simplifies implementation and preserves the values of the pixels of the image during the calculation of the moments. Moreover, the exact Legendre–Fourier moments use the weighted substituted radial shifted Legendre polynomials as kernel, which has the ability to accurately calculate the circular moments. Finally, the author presents a comparative analysis of the reconstruction error with existing configurations and other families of circular moments. The results indicate that the mehod provides a significant advantage.
PI‐based controller for low‐power distributed inverters to maximise reactive current injection while avoiding over voltage during voltage sags
Authors: Miret Jaume , Garnica Miguel A. , Castilla Miguel , Garcia de Vicuña Jose Luis , Camacho Antonio
Published: October 2018

In the recently deregulated power system scenario, the growing number of distributed generation sources should be considered as an opportunity to improve stability and power quality along the grid. To make progress in this direction, this work proposes a reactive current injection control scheme for distributed inverters under voltage sags. During the sag, the inverter injects, at least, the minimum amount of reactive current required by the grid code. The flexible reactive power injection ensures that one phase current is maintained at its maximum rated value, providing maximum support to the most faulted phase voltage. In addition, active power curtailment occurs only to satisfy the grid code reactive current requirements. As well as, a voltage control loop is implemented to avoid overvoltage in non‐faulty phases, which otherwise would probably occur due to the injection of reactive current into an inductive grid. The controller is proposed for low‐power rating distributed inverters where conventional voltage support provided by large power plants is not available. The implementation of the controller provides a low computational burden because conventional PI‐based control loops may apply. Selected experimental results are reported in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
On‐site partial discharge test technology of converter transformer
Authors: Wang Wei , Yang Dong‐Dong , Li Ran , Yan Lin , Guo Rui‐Zhou , Zhang Na , Tao Wen‐Biao
Published: October 2018

The rectifier transformer is the power transformer of the rectifier equipment. The characteristic of the rectifier device is the AC input, DC output by rectifying the original. Converter transformer and voltage regulation transformer connect through oil and gas casing of Shanxi medium aluminium Huarun Co., Ltd. In order to solve the problems such as high test current caused by 200 kW no‐load loss, insufficient capacity of single frequency conversion power supply, complicated field environment, and the great interference, a complete test plan is presented according to the conditions of the field, and the whole process of the successful test is described in detail. The key problems about the selection of test power, the selection of test frequency, and the choice of pressure mode are emphasised. The on‐the‐spot partial discharge test of the converter transformer has been successfully completed, which provides valuable experience for the test of large capacity transformer in the future.
Risk assessment of demand response considering wind power generation
Authors: Lei Min , Mo Shuangye , Wei Wuqing , Hua Yifei , Zhang Bolun
Published: October 2018

Demand response can reduce peak load, transfer part of peak load to valley load, and reduce system risk at peak time. In this study, a calculation model of power grid loss risk is proposed, which is suitable for evaluating the risk changes caused by the demand response, and calculating the corresponding risk value under the demand response load curve. In the calculation of demand response load, considering the impact of two measures of time‐of‐use (TOU) price and incentive measure, the TOU and incentive load curve are obtained based on the user's maximum benefit. In order to gain the corresponding load risk index, Monte Carlo simulation method is used, demand response load curve is taken as input, and load point fault time, load point fault rate and expected energy not serve indexes are introduced. Moreover, compared with the risk ratio of the original load curve, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed risk model, and prove that the demand response measures can transfer the risk of partial high load and balance the risk distribution.
Physical properties and chemical composition of the cores in the California molecular cloud
Authors: Zhang Guo-Yin , Xu Jin-Long , Vasyunin A. I. , Semenov D. A. , Wang Jun-Jie , Dib Sami , Liu Tie , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Zhang Chuan-Peng , Liu Xiao-Lan , Wang Ke , Li Di , Wu Zhong-Zu , Yuan Jing-Hua , Li Da-Lei , Gao Yang
Published: October 2018

Aims. We aim to reveal the physical properties and chemical composition of the cores in the California molecular cloud (CMC), so as to better understand the initial conditions of star formation.

Methods. We made a high-resolution column density map (18.2′′) with Herschel data, and extracted a complete sample of the cores in the CMC with the fellwalker algorithm. We performed new single-pointing observations of molecular lines near 90 GHz with the IRAM 30m telescope along the main filament of the CMC. In addition, we also performed a numerical modeling of chemical evolution for the cores under the physical conditions.

Results. We extracted 300 cores, of which 33 are protostellar and 267 are starless cores. About 51% (137 of 267) of the starless cores are prestellar cores. Three cores have the potential to evolve into high-mass stars. The prestellar core mass function (CMF) can be well fit by a log-normal form. The high-mass end of the prestellar CMF shows a power-law form with an index α = −0.9 ± 0.1 that is shallower than that of the Galactic field stellar mass function. Combining the mass transformation efficiency (ε) from the prestellar core to the star of 15 ± 1% and the core formation efficiency (CFE) of 5.5%, we suggest an overall star formation efficiency of about 1% in the CMC. In the single-pointing observations with the IRAM 30m telescope, we find that 6 cores show blue-skewed profile, while 4 cores show red-skewed profile. [HCO+]/[HNC] and [HCO+]/[N2H+] in protostellar cores are higher than those in prestellar cores; this can be used as chemical clocks. The best-fit chemical age of the cores with line observations is ~5 × 104 yr.
A correction method of hole-to-hole variation mass flow of diesel injector equipped on a common-rail DI diesel engine
Authors: Li Xinhai , Cheng Yong , Ma Xiaoyan , Yang Xue
Published: October 2018

In the present paper, the inner flow characteristic and cavitation phenomena for different injector shapes (characterized by angle α and length–diameter ratio) are analyzed experimentally and numerically. Mathematical models including multi-phases model, volume of fluid model and the k-epsilon turbulence model are validated by experiment. The numerical results show that with the increase of injection angle α, the inception time of cavitation is earlier, the extension velocity of cavitation to nozzle exit is higher and the nozzle fuel mass is less for each cycle. With the increase of length–diameter ratios, the time consumed from the inception to stable state of cavitation is longer and the single nozzle fuel mass increases. Furthermore, a correction method is proposed based on inconsistent length–diameter ratios. It could amend the difference of single nozzle fuel mass and guarantee the uniform fuel mass in axis symmetry direction of engine cylinder.
L’EGFR nucléaire : un nouveau mode de signalisation dans les cancers
Authors: Gazzeri Sylvie
Published: October 2018

L’EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) est l’une des molécules les plus étudiées en biologie. Depuis son identification précoce et son clonage jusqu’à la découverte de son rôle dans le cancer, ces analyses ont été à la pointe de notre compréhension des récepteurs à activité tyrosine kinase et des signaux cellulaires qui médient l’homéostasie, mais qui, une fois surexprimés, facilitent la tumorigenèse. Si les fonctions biologiques de l’EGFR impliquent traditionnellement l’activation d’un réseau de signalisation à partir de la membrane plasmique, un autre mode de signalisation de l’EGFR a été mis en évidence dans lequel l’EGFR est transporté après endocytose de la surface cellulaire vers le noyau, où il agit comme régulateur transcriptionnel, transmet des signaux et intervient dans de multiples fonctions biologiques, notamment la prolifération cellulaire, la progression tumorale, la réparation et la réplication de l’ADN et la résistance aux thérapies anti-cancéreuses. Dans cette revue nous résumerons les connaissances actuelles sur le réseau de signalisation nucléaire de l’EGFR, en nous attachant à son acheminement au noyau, ses fonctions dans le noyau et à l’influence de celles-ci sur la progression du cancer, la survie et la réponse au traitement.
Expert System To Detect Human’s Skin Diseases Using Forward Chaining Method Based On Web Mobile
Authors: Sundari Jenie , Hamimah  , Handayani Popon , Yunita  , Dwi Lesmono Ibnu , Rahmayu Mulia , Kusumawardhani Paramita , Budiarti Yusnia , Fadilah  , Nurhayati
Published: October 2018

Skin is a sense of touch in humans’ body which one of its functions is to feel the touch. Another function of the skin is to release the residual substances such as sweat. This part of the human body is very sensitive, easy to get hurt, and feels a sense of sensitivity. Human skin consists of epidermis and dermis. Skin diseases can be caused by a decrease in the immune system, allergies, viruses, or other causes. Skin disease is generally caused by a less guarded hygiene, bacteria, viral, allergic reactions, and low body resistance. If the cause of skin disease is only due to a lack of maintaining cleanliness, it can be prevented by changing lifestyles to be cleaner and healthier. Especially in Indonesia which is a tropical country, where the humidity is very high and can increase the development of bacteria on the skin. In another situation, not all people understand skin diseases for treatment or prevention. By the reason, The Forward Chaining Method is made to provide information about diagnoses of several skin diseases and produces conclusions. The existence of this expert system application makes it easy for people to get any information about skin diseases