bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROMANO, Bruno. DISCORSO E DIRITTO: pulizia/polizia delle parole e giustizia. Roma: Bulzoni editore, 1993, p. 74
Authors: Antoninho Guth Odalcir , Guth Gusttavo
Published: December 2020

ROMANO, Bruno. DISCORSO E DIRITTO: pulizia/polizia delle parole e giustizia. Roma: Bulzoni editore, 1993, p. 74.
Estudo sobre justiça de transição:
Authors: Brauner Daniela Corrêa Jacques
Published: December 2020

O texto apresenta a importância da criação da Defensoria Pública pelo Estado para contrapor o Estado-acusador que se sobrepunha no período de ditadura militar.Apresentou-se como necessária ao avanço dos resquícios de autoritarismo do período a estruturação da Defensoria Pública como promotora dos direitos humanos para o equilíbrio do sistema de Justiça. Apresentou-se a criação das Defensorias Públicas como resultado do processo de democratização e de consolidação de direitos humanos, buscados pela Constituição de 1988. No entanto, salienta-se que, embora haja uma previsão normativa nesse sentido, é preciso, de fato, implementar e efetivar a Instituição como forma de equilibrar o sistema de justiça tão direcionado a mecanismos de repressão do Estado diante do fortalecimento vivenciado pelo Estado-acusador. A análise do sistema carcerário no Brasil é um forte indício da necessidade de mecanismos de controle, como por exemplo, o estabelecimento de audiências de custódia e a participação das Defensorias no processo de prisões cautelares.
Trabalhos apresentados no I Painel de Debates do grupo “escrevendo a Defensoria”
Authors: Santana Gonçalves Filho Edilson
Published: December 2020

No final de 2015, mais precisamente em 5 de novembro daquele ano, alguns defensores públicos, de diversas partes do país, imantados por um comum interesse pela literatura jurídica específica relacionada com a temática do acesso à justiça e da atuação defensorial, tomaram a iniciativa de criar um grupo para comunicações instantâneas, via internet, por meio do aplicativo whatsapp, cujo propósito era o de reunir - num espaço virtual de debates e de intercâmbio de ideias - os colegas engajados na produção e publicação de textos acadêmicos relacionados às atividades e funções institucionais da Defensoria Pública. Esse grupo de whatsapp foi denominado de Escrevendo a Defensoria. O propósito do grupo tem sido, desde então, o de fomentar a pesquisa jurídica e a reflexão teórica sistematizada a respeito da instituição defensorial em particular, e bem assim de questões jurídicas em geral analisadas sob uma perspectiva da atuação funcional própria dos Defensores Públicos.
FENOMENA MEDIA SOSIAL: ANTARA HOAKS, DESTRUKSI DEMOKRASI, DAN ANCAMAN DISINTEGRASI BANGSA
Authors: Febriansyah Febriansyah , Muksin Nani Nurani
Published: December 2020

Teknologi digital (internet) berkembang sangat pesat, termasuk media sosial. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari pengguna media sosial yang setiap waktu mengalami peningkatan cukup signifikan. Demikian pula dengan fenomena yang ditimbulkan akibat dari hadirnya media sosial tersebut, ragam masalah penggunaan media sosial turut hadir di dalamnya, termasuk maraknya hoaks (berita bohong). Belakangan ini produksi dan penyebaran hoaks atau berita bohong semakin tidak terbendung dan media sosial menjadi sarana yang paling banyak digunakan untuk menyebarkan hoaks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan fenomena media sosial yang menjadi saluran terbesar dalam penyebaran hoaks dan dampaknya bagi kelangsungan hidup berdemokrasi serta potensi ancaman disintegrasi bangsa. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori media sosial dari A. Reitz (2012), dengan pendekatan kualitatif bersifat deskriptif, yaitu untuk melihat, menganalisis, dan mendeskripsikan data dan fakta yang terjadi mengenai fenomena maraknya hoaks dan penyebarannya melalui media sosial, serta menjelaskan akibatnya terhadap penurunan demokrasi di Indonesia dan potensi ancaman keutuhan bangsa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media sosial menjadi media yang paling diminati dalam mengakses informasi. Selain itu, kecepatan dan kemudahan, serta konten dari pengguna menjadikan media sosial sebagai media yang paling banyak menyebarkan hoaks, hal ini terbukti dari banyaknya contoh kasus penyebaran hoaks di media sosial. Penyebaran berita hoaks ini sangat meresahkan masyarakat, dampaknya tidak hanya terjadi kegaduhan di tengah-tengah masyarakat, tetapi juga dapat merusak (mendestruksi) kualitas demokrasi di Indonesia, bahkan berpotensi mengakibatkan perpecahan (disintegrasi) bangsa.

Kata Kunci: Media Sosial, Hoaks, Destruksi Demokrasi, Disintegrasi Bangsa, social media
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN MAKANAN SEHAT UNTUK PROGRAM DIET ALAMI YANG BERGIZI UNTUK KELOMPOK IBU-IBU DI SAMARINDA
Authors: Uhai Sabalius , Sudarmayasa I Wayan
Published: December 2020

Kegiatan pelatihan pembuatan makanan sehat untuk program diet alami yang bergizi untuk kelompok ibu- ibu di kota Samarinda ini diadakan di kelurahan Harapan Baru Kecamatan Loa Janan Ilir, Kota Samarinda Kalimantan Timur. Adapun tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah memberikan pemahaman dan pengetahuan yang baik dan benar bagaimana caranya menjalankan diet sehat bergizi dengan menggunakan bahan buah-buahan. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah partisipatif yakni adanya keterlibatan dari peserta. Peserta dari kegiatan ini adalah masyarakat yang ada di sekitar kelurahan Harapan Baru. Dengan pelatihan ini diharapkan ada perubahan dalam pengelolaan makanan sehat dengan menggunakan buah-buahan selain itu harapkan para peserta pelatihan memiliki badan yang sehat serta ideal yakni adanya kesesuaian antara berat badan dengan tinggi badan.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS STUDY ON OTALGIA MANAGEMENT BY GARLIC DROPS AND BENZOCAINE DROPS- AN ATTEMPT TO COMPARE THE EFFICACY OF MODERN AND AYURVEDA MEDICINE IN A SINGLE AILMENT
Authors: Rathi.S  , Sucha lakshmi R
Published: December 2020

Otalgia or ear ache is a symptom which will hamper the daily activities of individual, and a cause of unease or discomfort. There might not be any single individual who has not affected with earache in their lifetime, atleast once in their span of life..Even today there is no specific permanent remedy to this condition in advance modern medical system despite of some Otogesics which will only mask the pain. The common Over the Counter medicines available on medical stores are having side effects on continuous usage. So there is a need for safe Ayurvedic medicine which can acts better like modern analgesics but less side effects. Methodology: In this comparative study of Lasuna putapaka swarasa (Garlic Drops) and Benzocaine Otogesic drops, 40 patients of Otalgia were randomly selected and divided to two groups of 20 patients each. Group A was treated with the ear drops of Lasunaputapaka swarasa (Garlic Drops) and Group B was treated with Benzocaine Otogesic ear drops. Observations: It was observed in the present study that Group A showed better results in reducing the symptoms of Otalgia. Re-occurrence of symptoms were merely less in Group A patients compared to Group B patients. Conclusion: There is a false assumption that Ayurvedic medicines are slow acting and desperately using for pain management and acute conditions. But this study throwing a light to substantiate that, Ayurvedic medicines are potent enough to manage acute otalgia also, just like Otogesics in Modern Medical Science. The study revealed that the re-occurrence rate of symptoms was very less in patients who used Garlic drops and was safe acting also.
A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BHARANGYADI CHOORNA AND VYAGHRI CHOORNA IN TAMAKA SWASA (BRONCHIAL ASTHMA)
Authors: Devanand E  , K Ravindra Bhat
Published: December 2020

Ayurveda classics mentioned various types of Swasa and Tamaka Swasa is one among them. Tamakaswasa is manifested by aggravated Pranavayu by the obstruction of Kapha. In this case treatment should be to clear out Pranavaha srotas, pacify Vata and remove the blockage due to Kapha. In modern science Tamaka Swasa is correlated with Bronchial Asthma. It’s a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which the chronic inflammation causes an associated increase in airway hyper responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of asthmatic exacerbation. Modern science has no permanent cure of Tamaka Swasa, that’s why it is necessity to search herbal and herbo-mineral preparations for the treatment of disease. Present Study was conducted to reduce the symptoms of Tamakaswasa. Bharangyadi Choorna and Vyaghri Choorna have the properties of Kapha Vata hara, Agni Deepana, Pachana, Anulomana, Srotoshodhana, anti-asthamatic and anti-inflammatory property. Materials and Method: Patients who have symptoms of Tamakaswasa fulfill the inclusion criteria were given with Bharangyadi Choorna 4gm thrice a day along with Ardraka Swarasa as Anupana in the trail group i.e., group A and Vyaghri Choorna 4gm thrice a day along with honey as Anupana in the control group i.e. group B. It is a comparative clinical study with 30 patients in each group for 30 days. Analyzing the signs and symptoms, PEFR after each 10 days, Wilcoxon test was done for comparing the effectiveness of treatment between two groups. Comparative analysis of the overall effect of the treatments in both the groups was done by statistically done by Mann-Whitney test. Results: There was statistically significant change in all the signs and symptoms and PEFR after treatment and follow up. All the signs and symptoms have P ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: Bharangyadi Choorna has shown highly significant reduction in the symptoms like Swasakrichratha, Peenasa, Kasa, Ghurghuraka, Krichrabhashana, Shushkasya and PEFR. On comparison between the two groups, Bharangyadi choorna showed a better result in improvement of symptoms- Swasakrichratha, Peenasa, Kasa, Ghurghuraka, Krichrabhashana, Shushkasya and objective parameter- PEFR. Hence H2 hold good.
CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF ADIPOSOPATHY WITH REFERENCE OF LANGHAN UPAKRAMA FOR HEALTHY LIFE
Authors: Akhilesh Kumar Singh  , Poonam Patel
Published: December 2020

Lifestyle in modern era delivers a lot of stress and due to extreme use of Guru (heavy), Madhura (sweet), Snigdha (oily), Shita (cold) Ahar and Vihar like Alashya (stationary), Adhyasana (taking another food before undigested food), Vishamashan (different timing of food) etc, people get suffer with a disease like excessive body fat or sick fat or adiposopathy. Adiposopathy leads to several metabolic diseases. Langhana upakrama (fasting) will be an effective treatment in adiposopathy. Several studies by researchers, assembled to check anatomical and pathophysiological abnormalities of adiposopathy and review of different aspects of Langhana upakrama in Samhita in perspective of metabolic disorders especially due to adiposopathy. Data study shows that on positive energy intake, accumulated subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue and other fat depots can be pathogenic. This pathogenic adipose tissue causes many metabolic diseases like obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypothyroidism, liver diseases etc. By the studies of different Samhita we can articulate that Langhana upakrama is able to bring lightness and thinness to body. Finally we can conclude that by the Langhana upakrama body uses all types of sick fat from all fat depots and it can reverse the process of adiposopathy and body becomes healthy.
AYURVEDIC DIETARY CONCEPTS IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUP OF CHILDREN
Authors: Shamama Firdaus  , Sunil Topre  , Nitin Mane
Published: December 2020

Ayurveda is a science of life, which mainly aims to promote and preserve the health of the individuals. In this techno and competitive era, life style and diet are major factors influencing the health of the individuals. Diet and dietary habits play important role in maintenance of health. Ayurveda, its main aim is to promote and preserve the health, strength and longevity of healthy person and to cure the disease. Ayurveda places special emphasis on Ahara and believes that healthy nutrition nourishes the Sharir, Mana, Atma. As Acharyas has described Ahara. Nidra, Brahmcharya are Tryoupsthambha (sub pillars) which support the body itself. Here Ahara has been placed first which shows that it is most important to maintain and sustain of life. Children are delicate and most sensitive and prone to the infectious diseases. They are miniature of adult. They are in Ajatvyajanawastha (developing stage). Psychologically they are innocent. Being in developmental phase, Ahara plays very important role in the life of children. So parents should be aware of dietetic components required by child in different age groups.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON PRAMEHA (DIABETES MELLITUS) IN KOLKATA
Authors: Swagata Chakraborty  , Apala Sengupta
Published: December 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most leading causes of death and disability worldwide among the lifestyle disorders where dietary and lifestyle factors play a major role. Prameha is a classical metabolic disorder of tissue and cellular level. Unhealthy diet and physical inactivity are the leading causes of the lifestyle disorders; Prameha is also among them as mentioned by Acharya Charaka. A survey study was carried out to study the prevalence of Prameha patients and associated risk factors in the light of epidemiological aspect. 120 diabetic patients from OPD of Institute of Post Graduate Ayurvedic Education and Research, Kolkata, were selected randomly according to their registered address as residents of Kolkata. A survey proforma along with consent form was prepared and detailed history of each patient fulfilling the subjective criteria of Prameha and objective criteria of Diabetes Mellitus were taken. On considering data of Santarpana nidana, maximum patients were taking excess carbohydrate (90%); dairy products (82.5%); fried and fatty diet (68.33%); sweets and sugarcane preparations (79.16%); junk and fast foods (82.5%) in excessive quantity and 51.66% patient were found to be with increased BMI. Factors observed related to lifestyle are Divaswapna (60%) and Asyasukham (65%). Udvega (stress) were found in 88.33% of patients. This study revealed that prevalence of carbohydrate rich diet; dairy products; junk food and increased BMI are found dominant in diabetes patients in Kolkata. Avoidance of these faulty dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle, further progression of the diabetes along with its complications can be inhibited.
VARIATIONS IN ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI OF DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS
Authors: Pratibha  , Nesari Tanuja  , Ghildiyal Shivani  , Vandhana
Published: December 2020

The emergence of antibiotic resistance and the evolution of new strains of disease causing agents, are of highly concern to the global health community. Plants are potential source of antimicrobial agents. They have been used traditionally for prevention of infections caused by micro-organisms. Description of Krimighana herbs enumerated in Ayurveda classics is suggestive towards the importance of this group of medicine. Jambu (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) is a member of Myrtaceae family. In Raja Nighantu it is mentioned that plant Jambu is having Kriminashaka property. It has been widely used medicine in the prevention of various ailments like cough, Dysentary, Diabetes, inflammation and ringworm. It is well established fact that geographical variations effects the potential and activity of medicinal herbs. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate Syzygium cumini procured from different geographical locations including Delhi, Rajasthan and Maharashtra for their potential activity against human infections caused by pathogens. Method The aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini of all the three areas was prepared. The activity of the plant extract was evaluated against nine bacterial pathogens and one fungal strain, which include Staphyllococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans. The activity was carried out using Disk diffusion method. Result and Conclusion: All samples of Syzygium cumini showed potential antimicrobial activity against four pathogens including Staphyllococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. MIC was also evaluated against the tested pathogenic strains. The sample from Maharashtra showed MIC i.e. 80µg, 40µg, 80µg against Staphyllococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Candida albicans respectively which is less as compare to sample from Rajasthan and Delhi. Region wise sample from Maharashtra showed good ZOI and MIC.
MARDANA– THE MASSAGE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Sharadha  , Sanathkumar D G
Published: December 2020

Snehana is a substance that brings oiliness or unctuousness. It is mainly of two types based on Prayoga (Mode of Application), Abhyantara and Bahya Sneha. Mardana is one among the Bahya Sneha, where it is a therapeutic massage with pressure performed simultaneously on both sides of the patient’s body with strokes synchronized in the same direction. There is very little explanation about Mardana in Samhitas. It is exclusively explained by Acharya Tiruka in his work ‘Angamardana’ where he explains different types of Mardana like Shushkanga Mardana (dry massage), Ksheeranga Mardana (massage using milk), Tailanga Mardana (massage using oil), Svayamanga Mardana (self massage), Yamalanga Mardana (mutual massage ) and Samanyanga Mardana (common massage) consisting of 26 Hastas. Mardana provides relief from ailments and soothes the patient, both mentally and physically. Because of the lack of adequate review and analysis, this method of Bahya Sneha is losing its significance from practices and concept remains unexplored. The reason for not being practiced like other Snehana procedures are because of the less understanding of the concept of administration, scattered and minimal textual references. Aims and Objectives: This article is aimed to elaborate the concept of Mardana in health and disease. Materials and Methods: Data are collected from ancient texts and recent research articles, supported with discussion and presented. Result: The present article is an attempt to understand Mardana in detail in terms of textual references and bring down Mardana into mainstream of practice.
EFFECT OF A MULTIMODALITY AYURVEDA TREATMENT IN A CASE OF GRUDRASI W.S.R TO LUMBAR VERTEBRAL DISC PROLAPSE
Authors: Vipin.T.A  , P.Ramesh Bhat
Published: December 2020

Grudhrasi as mentioned in Ayurveda explains a disorder where in pain starts from Sphik Pradesha and radiates downwards to Kati, Prusta, Uru, Janu, Jangha and the patient is unable to walk properly. The case reported here showed similar features that of lumbar vertebral disc prolapsed. After following a specific treatment protocol of Ayurvedic treatments, significant regression in the condition was observed and patient could completely stop the use of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs which were used by the patient priory. A 32 year old male, presented with complains of severe low back ache radiating to left lower limb and inability to walk since 15 days. On the basis of symptoms, thorough examination and evidence of imaging technique, the case was diagnosed as Grudrasi. A specific treatment protocol of Ayurvedic procedures were followed after thorough examination of the patient. The pain completely resolved and patient was able to walk without support. Photographs of the patient were captured before and after the treatment for records. The outcome was a combined effect of Shamana and Shodhana Chikitsa as well as Yogasanas. The scope of a new treatment protocol is discussed in this paper which can give a considerable relief to those patients suffering from Grudrasi.
A CASE REPORT ON VULVAR LIPOMA
Authors: Chaithra DM  , Gayathri Bhat N V
Published: December 2020

Lipoma is a benign tumor made of fat tissue. Usually seen in neck, upper back, shoulder, abdomen, buttock. Vulvar lipoma is said to be rare, only few cases have been reported. Usually it is seen between 40 – 60 years, only 2% population are affected with lipoma. Lipoma can be corelated in Ayurveda to Granthi based on its characteristic feature. Due to vitiated Vatadi dosha, Rakta, Meda, Mamsa there will be formation of nodular or glandular swelling which is round, hard in nature is called as Granthi. In this case report based on the content of the mass it can be corelated Medojagranti. Its pathology can be seen in two stages Pakva and Apakva avastha.  In Apakva avastha, Shodana is the line of treatment. If it is predominant of Meda (fat) and excision- Chedana is line of treatment in Pakva avastha followed by Dahana karma. Objective: Management of vulvar lipoma. Materials and Methods: A 30 year old female complaining of mass in right vulvar region since 6months, was feeling discomfort while walking and sitting came to OPD of PTSR. Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara college of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan. On examination there was a mass measuring 6 x 3x 2cms, which was painless and without any discharge. The patient was advised for admission and was treated surgically by Chedana karma. HPE reports revealed lipomatous polyp. Result: Chedana karma- mass was excised surgically. Conclusion: Based on the content of lipoma it can be correlated to Medojagranti. It was in Vulvar region, large, causing discomfort to the patient so rather than managing with Shamana Aushadi, Shastra karma–Chedana was performed.
APPROACH TO INTEGRATIVE MASTER HEALTH CHECK COMBINING HEALTH SCREENING PARAMETERS OF AYURVEDA AND BIOMEDICINE – A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Vivek Sanker MK  , Naidu MUR  , Gangadharan GG
Published: December 2020

Health check-up is an annual program that attempts to reduce health care costs by early detection of disease symptoms before its usual clinical presentation that can encourage adoption of preventive measures or early treatment. There is a concern among clinicians that the standard tests under health screening packages could be off target in terms of detection of relevant symptoms as far as a few individual groups are concerned and end-up in wastage of money of the end customer. The article presents a review of the current evidences for and against screening of healthy volunteers enlists some of the key challenges that have been reported in health check-up programs and argues the need to give individualized advice on diet and lifestyle through suitable integration of concepts of Ayurveda. It outlines the components of an integrated health screening parameter developed from the ten-fold clinical examination procedure recommended in Ayurveda (called Dasavidhapareeksha) and argues the case for critically drawing from the strengths of both systems of medicine.
HYPOTHETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF LANGHANA WITH RESPECT TO AUTOPHAGY
Authors: Gandhe Gayatri Shyamsundar
Published: December 2020

Langhana is the treatment part of Ayurveda highly elaborated in its scientific approach. It is the form of Apatarpana generally opted for Santarpanajanya Vyadhi. Autophagy is relatively new and incidental finding of modern medicine which is currently researched on a very large scale for its anticipated outcomes in gerontology, autoimmune diseases as well as life style disorders. The results that are expected out of Langhana and the effects of autophagic mechanisms as presented today appear to be congruent although they are explained on different platforms with diverse terminology. Hence this is an attempt to put forth few complimentary aspects of both Langhana and autophagy which needs concrete scientific validation.
IMPACT OF AHARAJA AND VIHARAJA NIDAN IN PANDU W.S.R. TO DIETARY AND LIFE STYLE FACTORS IN ANAEMIA
Authors: Afroja Yeasmin Akhtar Roji  , Santu Maiti
Published: December 2020

Anaemia is an extremely prevalent condition common in all human of all ages, living in all condition and continents. It has got serious consequences for both the human health as well as the socioeconomic status of the country). Globally, 50% of anemia is attributable to iron deficiency and accounts for approximately 841,000 deaths annually worldwide. According to Ayurveda as well as in modern system of medicine has accepted that Aharaja nidan (diet & regimen) and Viharaja (lifestyle factors) are plays an important role in pathogenesis of Pandu (anaemia). The aim of the study was to identify those factors among the age group 10 to 60 years and to create the awareness to the community in the future. A cross sectional survey study was conducted in 120 patients of Pandu attending the OPD & IPD of Shyamadas Vaidya shastra pith hospital in Kolkata West Bengal, irrespective of their sex, religions & economic status through collecting data by questionnaires and they have been observed on dietary, physical, and psychological factors. The obtaining data revealed that especially female participants, rural as well as urban people, people from low & middle economic status were suffering from Pandu due to inadequate, improper intake of Aharaja & Viraja nidan.  After evaluation of these factors, it can be concluded that, Aharaja & Viharaja nidan had been justified in the pathogenesis of Pandu which was depicted in different Ayurvedic compendium & about the scenario of Nidan in this particular population were suffering from Pandu.
Taman Baca Masyarakat “Tholabul’ilmi” Sebagai Sarana Meningkatkan Literasi Desa Panduman Kecamatan Jelbuk
Authors: Chumaidah Menik , Jalil Abdul , Hidayat Cahya Tribagus
Published: December 2020

Literacy is the ability to access, understand, and use something intelligently through various activities, including reading, listening, writing and speaking. The purpose of choosing the provision of community reading parks is that to see from the reading interest of the Panduman community is very minimal, especially among adolescent and children communities. An example is the existence of TBM or community reading corner, based on socio-cultural values that are designed to know people's interest in reading by using an approach to the socio-cultural values of the communities where TBM is located. Purpose The implementation of community reading corner is intended to provide access to learning facilities that provide reading service, widespread and affordable by the community easily. Because community of reading corner has a role as a source of learning for young children, a source of information for parents in fostering early childhood, and recreational and educational facilities for the community.
ELEKTRİK TÜKETİM VERGİSİ, SORUNLAR VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: ATEŞ Muhammet Ali
Published: December 2020

Elektrik faturalarında genellikle “ETV” kısaltmasıyla görmeye aşina olduğumuz “Elektrik Tüketim Vergisi”, belediyeler için gelir kaynağı teşkil eden bir tür dolaylı tüketim vergisidir. Belediyelerin gelir kaynakları arasında 2464 sayılı Belediye Gelirleri Kanunu kapsamında düzenlenen ETV’nin, bu hususiyetine atfen, uygulamada “Belediye Tüketim Vergisi” şeklinde ya da “BTV” kısaltmasıyla anıldığı da olur.

Belediyelerin gelir kaynaklarını ve bu bağlamda ETV’yi de düzenleyen 2464 sayılı Kanun 26.05.1981 tarihinde kabul edilerek yasalaştırılmıştır. 1981 yılında kabul edilen 2464 sayılı Kanunun ETV’ye ilişkin hükümlerinde her ne kadar 2008 yılında 5784 sayılı Kanunla yeni piyasa şartlarına göre kısmî bir değişiklik yapılmış ise de Kanunun temel kurgusu 80’li yıllardaki elektrik piyasasının şartlarını yansıtmaya devam etmektedir. Kanunun güncel piyasa koşullarıyla uyumlu olmayan hükümleri, ETV’nin uygulamasında birtakım sorun ve tereddütlere yol açmaktadır.

Makalemizin konusunu, ETV’nin unsurları itibarıyla incelenmesi ve ETV’ye ilişkin olarak uygulamada yaşanan ve yaşanması muhtemel sorunların tespiti ve bunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri oluşturmaktadır.
BRASIL E A SEGURANÇA JURÍDICA
Authors: Mello Marco Aurélio Mendes de Farias
Published: December 2020

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COVID-19 situation in Honduras: lessons learned
Authors: Fuentes Itzel , Henriquez Karla , Muñoz Fausto , Palou Elsa , Alvarado Tito , Lorenzana Ivette , Valladares Víctor , Corrales Arturo , Zambrano Lysien , Sierra Manuel
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Several emerging and re-emerging
diseases in the last decade have shown the global
weakness to detect and act in a timely manner in
situations that threaten the health of the planet.
Latin America has been vulnerable to outbreaks
as a result of increased poverty, social inequity
and the poor response capacity of the public health
system. Objective: Describe the situation of
COVID-19 in Honduras and the challenges it presents.
Methodology: Analysis of the epidemiology and
control strategies applied in the country to contain the
spread of SARS-CoV-2, in the context of the social and
economic reality until September 18, 2020. Results:
Honduras ranks fifth in Central America in the
number of tests performed; the cumulative incidence
rate of cases is 7 105 per million inhabitants. The
country has an accelerated growth in the percentage
of positivity with intense community transmission.
Some 63.4 % of cases are concentrated in the group
20-49 years old (43 624 cases); 15.2 % in adults
60+ (10 440 cases) and 7.5 % in children under 20
(5 133 cases). With a disjointed health system and a
chronic and recurrent shortage of physical and human
resources, the National Risk Management System
(SINAGER), which includes the Ministry of Health
(SESAL), implemented various strategies to reduce
the spread of the virus. Some control measures were
border closures, physical distancing and the use of
masks were made mandatory by legislative decree.
The serious impact on the weak national economy
forced an intelligent opening coinciding with the rise
of cases. Conclusions: Current data show that the
age group most affected is adults between 20 and 49
years old. The country’s socioeconomic situation has
been aggravated by the pandemic; the continuous rise
in the number of cases, hospitalizations and deaths
has collapsed the public health system leaving the
majority of Hondurans in continuous vulnerability.
Primary care clinics and mobile medical brigades
have been implemented as a new way to contain the
spread and impact of transmission. Several European
countries and cities in the Americas have had to
reverse the process of economic reopening when faced
with successive waves of outbreaks. Honduras has
demonstrated limited capacity to deal with catastrophic
situations. The national epidemiological surveillance
system and access to timely and quality diagnostic
tests remain weak and fragmented. There is an urgent
need to improve the health and surveillance system to
guide strategic evidence-based decision making and
to prevent future pandemics.
The COVID-19 pandemic: A multidimensional crisis
Authors: Welsch Friedrich
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic hit nations in all continents
hard with the Americas standing out as the world ́s
hardest-hit region. Government responses have been
varying in timeliness, stringency, and results with
outcomes being independent of regime type or political
system but influenced by early action and the severity
of containment strategies.
The economic and financial impact of the pandemic
has been estimated at a US$ 8,8 trillion decrease
of the global GDP, more than the economies of
Japan and Germany combined, and threatening
the destruction of nearly half the global workforce
livelihoods. Governments worldwide have announced
unprecedented rescue packages to the tune of around
US$ 10 trillion 40 percent of the global GDP.
The pandemic hit Venezuela during a generalized
humanitarian crisis and the health system in tatters.
The real dimension of the pandemic is a mystery due
to the opaqueness of the virus-related data published
by the government. Due to the shortage of protective
gear and disinfectants in run-down public hospitals,
the virus-related death toll among medical staff
is extremely high. The health authorities miss the
minimum testing standards of the WHO.
It is unlikely that our post-pandemic lives will return
to their pre-pandemic characteristics, especially in the
areas of learning, retail, tourism, and other services.
The pandemic may be a catalyst for a new normalcy
with teleworking heading toward a working-from-
home-economy.
Cultura de paz en la pandemia por SARS-COV-2: confinamiento, tics y las redes sociales
Authors: Navarro Jesus , Medina Oscar , Andrade Cleiver , Chacín Maricarmen , Bermudez Valmore
Published: December 2020

Súbitamente nuestro planeta ha quedado atrapado
en una pandemia que todo el mundo esperaba pero
para la cual casi nadie estaba preparado. Esto ha
desencadenado una crisis mundial sin precedentes y
ha dejado casi 25 millones de casos y un millón de
fallecidos, sin mostrar signos de disminución. La
incertidumbre y el aislamiento de la pandemia han
provocado un temor y una ansiedad generalizados,
en particular, en los países con sistemas de salud
inadecuados que no tomaron en serio este brote.
A pesar de este panorama sombrío, los desastres
naturales han dado lugar —en algunas ocasiones—
a una disminución de los conflictos internos en
algunos países, ya que muchas veces las facciones
en lucha se ven obligadas (por extrema necesidad) a
trabajar juntas, o al menos, a descender el grado de
conflictividad para centrarse en la preservación o la
reconstrucción de sus localidades. Hay indicios de
que algunos gobiernos tratan de aliviar las tensiones
políticas a la sombra de la COVID-19.
Las redes sociales y la internet han sido las grandes
protagonistas durante la pandemia por COVID-19. En
los últimos años estas herramientas han proporcionado
un “mapa en tiempo real” de lo que acontece en
cualquier parte del mundo. El presente artículo
pretende ofrecer una perspectiva psicológica en torno
a la crisis causada por la pandemia y de la necesidad
de un cambio en las interpretaciones localistas hacia
la unión y la solidaridad mirándonos como una cultura
o aldea global. Igualmente se analiza el posible papel
de la internet y las redes sociales en la construcción
de esta nueva forma de ver nuestra civilización.
Impact of elections on the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Castro Victoria , Castro Julio
Published: December 2020

The pandemic has affected thousands of activities
around the world. Elections are not exempt from this.
Although many of the countries that had electoral
events scheduled for 2020 have suspended them,
many others have decided to hold them despite the
implications it may have for the development of the
epidemic in their countries.
Based on the scientific evidence of how these events
influenced the development of the COVID-19 in the
countries that held elections, we attempted to make a
projection based on these experiences to determine how
the parliamentary elections scheduled in Venezuela
for the first week of December 2020 may affect the
behavior of the epidemic in the country.
Sivas ilinde bal üreticilerinin sorunları ve çözüm önerileri
Authors: KOÇ Hakan , ERGÜN Abdulkadır , KARTAL Fatih
Published: December 2020

Arıcılık faaliyetinin yeryüzünde ilk olarak hangi tarihte yapılmaya başlandığı bilinmemekle birlikte yapılan araştırmalar bu faaliyetin milattan önceki dönemlere kadar dayandığını ortaya koymaktadır. 17. yüzyıla kadar ilkel bir şekilde yürütülen bu faaliyet, bu yüzyılda arıcılık alanında meydana gelen bir takım gelişmelerle modern bir şekilde yapılmaya başlanmış ve günümüzde dünya genelinde önemli bir tarımsal faaliyet haline gelmiştir. Dünya genelinde bu faaliyetin yürütüldüğü önemli alanlardan biri de Türkiye’dir. Dünya Tarım Örgütü (FAO)’nün 2018 yılı verilerine göre Türkiye kovan sayısı bakımından Hindistan ve Çin’den sonra üçüncü sırada, bal üretiminde ise Çin’den sonra ikinci sırada yer almaktadır.
Büyük ölçüde doğal şartlara bağlı olarak yürütülen arıcılık faaliyetleri açısından Türkiye sahip olduğu topografya, iklim, bitki örtüsü ve su kaynakları açısından büyük bir potansiyele sahip olup, hemen hemen Türkiye’nin her bölgesinde bu faaliyet yürütülmektedir. Türkiye’de bu arıcılık faaliyetleri açısından öne çıkan alanlardan biri de Sivas İl’idir. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)’nun 2019 yılı verilerine göre Sivas İli Ordu, Muğla ve Adana’dan sonra en fazla bal üretiminin gerçekleştirildiği dördüncü ildir. Bu çalışmada da Sivas İl’indeki bal üreticilerinin bu faaliyeti yürüttükleri sırada karşılaştıkları sorunları tespit ederek, bu sorunlara çözüm önerileri sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Sivas İl’inde en fazla bal üretiminin gerçekleştirildiği ilçelerden olan Yıldızeli, İmranlı, Koyulhisar, Gürün ve Divriği ilçelerinde toplam 164 bal üreticisi ile görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşme yapılan bal üreticilerine saha gezileri sırasında random yoluyla ulaşılmış ve araştırmacılar tarafından önceden hazırlanmış yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formunda yer alan sorular yöneltilmiştir. Bal üreticilerinin bu sorulara vermiş oldukları cevaplar belirli temalar altında analiz edilerek, sorunlar ortaya konmuş ve bu sorunlara çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.
Kajian Pemanfaatan Daging Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger Spp) Sebagai Bahan Penyedap Rasa Alami Non MSG Dengan Pendekatan Bioekonomi Perikanan
Authors: Novianti Teni
Published: December 2020

Currently, most food products circulating in the community are processed using additives, both natural and synthetic. One of the potential food ingredients that can be used as a natural flavor enhancer from fishery raw materials is long jawed mackerel (Rastrelliger spp).  The purpose of this study was to studied preliminary research on the use of long jawed mackerel as an alternative material for natural non-MSG flavorings to replace synthetic flavors with a fisheries bioeconomic approach.  The procedure in this study consisted of several steps, namely the manufacture of natural flavorings from long jawed mackerel, calculation of fish yield, analysis of water content and salt content (NaCl). Based on the research results, the processing stages of non-MSG natural flavoring made from long jawed mackerel fish include the process of selecting raw materials, washing I, filling, washing II, refining I, weighing I, drying, refining II, sifting, weighing II and packaging. The amount of long jawed mackerel yield that can be used as the main raw material for the manufacture of natural non-MSG flavorings is 53% with the final weight of flavoring powder produced is 440 grams. The chemical analysis test of the long jawed mackerel flavoring was carried out 2 repetitions and the results of the water content test were 5.35% (has not met the SNI quality requirements), while the analysis of salt content (NaCl) on the long jawed mackerel flavoring has met the SNI quality requirements with a value of 12.09%. Bioeconomic analysis of fisheries is by calculating production costs and depreciation costs incurred during the processing of flavorings from long jawed mackerel. Based on the analysis, one production time produces 88 pcs of flavoring fish meat with a cost of production of Rp. 1,496 per pcs.
A narrativa didática sob ótica da imputação causal singular
Authors: Sarraff Luiza Rafaela
Published: December 2020

Paul Ricoeur defende a tese de que a História é uma narrativa que possui um vínculo de derivação com a narrativa ficcional. O filósofo francês afirma que o vínculo entre história e narrativa deve ser preservado, porém deve ser indireto e, portanto, afirma a existência de um corte epistemológico entre o conhecimento histórico e a competência narrativa para acompanhar uma história. O instrumental fornecido por Ricoeur se apresenta como um importante caminho teórico e metodológico para a construção de pesquisas na área de ensino de história. Sendo assim, este artigo tem como objetivo de compreender o corte epistemológico existente entre história escolar e história acadêmica a partir da análise da narrativa de um livro didático aprovado pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático, enfatizando o aspecto da imputação causal singular.
Biografia, gênero e carnaval: uma rainha nos festejos de Momo na Porto Alegre do início do século XX
Authors: Leal Caroline Pereira
Published: December 2020

O carnaval de Porto Alegre, no início do século XX, – representado pelas sociedades carnavalescas Esmeralda e Venezianos – é marcado por transformações que podem ser entendidas através da ótica dos estudos de gênero. De Evas pecadoras, as mulheres passaram a figurar como Marias, recatadas e redentoras. Mas quem eram essas mulheres? O presente artigo busca dar voz a Elvira Werna Coelho, que em 1911 foi rainha da Sociedade Carnavalesca Os Venezianos, apresentando alguns aspectos de sua trajetória de vida. Procuro com este trabalho não só conhecer Elvira Werna Coelho, mas também dar visibilidade às mulheres enquanto sujeitos históricos e lançar luz sobre as demais mulheres, refletindo sobre sua participação no carnaval em Porto Alegre
A Revolução Cubana: representações generificadas em um livro didático de história
Authors: Schactae Andrea Mazurok
Published: December 2020

O artigo é uma análise das representações da Revolução Cubana em um manual didático, utilizado no Campus do IFPR de Telêmaco Borba. Para analisar o manual se observa algumas interpretações da historiografia sobre a Revolução Cubana e textos publicados nos primeiros anos da Revolução, entre 1959 e 1965, os quais são percebidos como precursores nas narrativas que analisam o processo revolucionário. A categoria gênero é central na análise das representações presentes no manual, considerando que são construtores de consciência história, a partir de J. Rüsen. Portanto, a partir de J. Scott, R. Chartier, J. Courtine e R. Connel foi problematizada a representação da Revolução Cubana, presente no manual didático, observando os sujeitos silenciados pela representação e dialogando com o conceito de virilidade.
Formação de professores de História: implicações a partir da BNCC e da DCN-BNC
Authors: Vicenzi Renilda , Picoli Bruno Antonio
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as implicações da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Formação Inicial de Professores para a Educação Básica e a Base Nacional Comum para a Formação Inicial de Professores da Educação Básica (DCN-BNC) na formação de professores de História. Realiza pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Conclui que as recentes reformas operam um reducionismo na formação docente com sérias implicações que não se limitam à sala de aula. Afirma que a formação de professores de história que, no seu fazer, se recusam a ser meros técnicos perseguidores de melhorias mensuráveis nos indicadores de testes sistêmicos implica assunção da responsabilidade ética da desobediência por parte dos docentes dos cursos de licenciatura em história.
A Hybrid Method of Feature Extraction for Tumor Classification Using Microarray Gene Expression Data
Authors: Sahu Sitanshu Sekhar , PANDA G. , Barik Ramchandra
Published: December 2020

Classification of disease phenotypes using microarray gene expression data faces a critical challenge due to its high dimensionality and small sample size nature. Hence there is a need to develop efficient dimension reduction techniques to improve the class prediction performance. In this paper we present a hybrid feature extraction method to combat the dimensionality problem by combining F-score statistics with autoregressive (AR) model. The F-score statistics preselect the discriminant genes from the raw microarray data and then this reduced set is modeled by the AR method to extract the relevant information. A low complexity radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is also introduced to efficiently classify the microarray data. Exhaustive simulation study on six standard datasets shows the potentiality of the proposed method with the advantage of reduced computational complexity.
Historical aspects of exploitation of mountain pasture resources in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Authors:   Tembotov Institute of ecology of mountain territories Russian Academy of Sciences, Pshegusov R.Kh. , Chadaeva V.A. ,   Tembotov Institute of ecology of mountain territories Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The article presents an overview of materials on the pasture load dynamics on mountain meadow ecosystems of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in the XX-XXI centuries. The livestock number in the public sectors and private business in different periods of development of the pasture animal husbandry system are presented. The article describes the state of grassland and the main reasons for the degradation of pastures during the periods of collective farm animal husbandry, after the elimination of the collective farm-state system, in the conditions of the economic crisis of the late XX century and in current times. Widespread rental land use by economic entities of various forms without proper control over the intended use of land leads to re-degradation of previously long-time unused pastures
Main features of inter-clothing phraseological units in the kabardinocherkassk language
Authors:   Institute of Humanities Research – Branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Establishment «Federal Scientific Center «Kabardin-Balkar Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Afaunova A.A.
Published: December 2020

In our article, we highlight the main functions of interjection phraseological units. In addition to what different experiences mean, they, like interjections, have certain distinctive features; As well as in stable phrases, in interjection phraseological units there is a single figurative meaning aimed at expressing the emotional component of the statement. The conclusions reached by the analysis: interjection phraseological units have the same functional and semantic features as interjections; in phraseological units, the linguistic, cultural, historical characteristics of the people are clearly manifested, they determine the way of thinking, way of life, character, character of a certain nation; their emotional component is demonstrated most expressively. For the first time in the article the system of the Adyghe language linguistic terms, developed by the doctor of philological sciences Bizhoev B.Ch.
A Arqueologia das Leis de Liberdade de Informação: o Egito e as Leis contra Fake-News
Authors: ‘Arafa Mohamed
Published: December 2020

O direito à informação é o direito de saber por meio do acesso às informações públicas mantidas por instituições estatais. Reconhecido como fundamental nas democracias transparentes, com participativas e abertas, o direito de acesso à informação atualmente é progressivamente percebido como um direito humano emergente em nível global. Embora esse direito seja teorizado em vários contextos, é importante levar em consideração sua estrutura como uma força de mudança socioeconômica para grupos desfavorecidos. É fundamental compreender a capacidade instrumental deste direito em empoderar grupos desfavorecidos para acessar informações de propriedade do estado relevantes para seus direitos socioeconômicos e como uma ferramenta inclusiva que é capaz de estimular a inclusão de pessoas excluídas do âmbito da participação pública e Justiça social. A supressão de informações encontradas na internet em todo o mundo, inclusive no Oriente Médio, não é um fenômeno novo. A liberdade de expressão e de expressão facilitada pela Internet pode representar uma ameaça aos líderes autocráticos em todo o mundo que buscam manter um controle estrito sobre o conteúdo que seus cidadãos consomem e o conteúdo que postam. É significativo que se revele o papel de advocacy desempenhado por grupos da sociedade civil na promoção dessa capacidade de influência, por meio de sua capacidade de agir politicamente com base na informação pública. Embora o Egito tenha adotado recentemente suas normas constitucionais sobre o acesso à informação, surgem preocupações e dúvidas sobre a capacidade genuína dos cidadãos egípcios de acessar informações mantidas por instituições públicas. A longa cultura de sigilo burocrático, ambiente político-econômico e a estrutura legal, em vez disso, inflama as políticas excludentes relativas ao acesso à informação pública. Legislação como a lei de crimes cibernéticos, portanto, é crítica para o esforço geral de desviar ou suprimir qualquer crítica, especialmente em relação a arenas desafiadoras, como segurança e economia. Em todo o mundo, a acusação de “notícias falsas” está sendo usada para atingir dissidentes ou críticas, inclusive nos Estados Unidos. Essa recente lei egípcia deve servir como um alerta para as democracias em todo o mundo sobre a importância da liberdade na Internet e a maneira como as tecnologias da Internet e as disposições legais podem ser distorcidas para abusar, em vez de proteger, direitos básicos.