bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Ancestry Testing with Tribes: Ethics, Identity & Health Implications
Authors: Garrison Nanibaa' A.
Published: March 2018

Genetic ancestry tests have gained in popularity across the United States as more Americans seek answers about their ancestral past. The tests have been used to verify or dispute family stories about ancestors or to allow people to seek a sense of belonging with a particular tribe or community. They can also be useful in medical research to identify genetic variants across populations. At the same time, assumptions about genetic testing – and the very idea of a “genetic” identity – pose challenges for communities that are defined in terms of political, social, and cultural identities. This essay explores a range of uses of ancestry tests and their potential implications for Native American tribes and communities. It concludes that the scientific and recreational use of genetic ancestry testing continues to increase over time, but limitations of the consistency of results across platforms and the generalizability of knowledge remain.
The New World of the Indigenous Museum
Authors: Deloria Philip J.
Published: March 2018

Museums have long offered simplistic representations of American Indians, even as they served as repositories for Indigenous human remains and cultural patrimony. Two critical interventions–the founding of the National Museum of the American Indian (1989) and the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (1990)–helped transform museum practice. The decades following this legislation saw an explosion of excellent tribal museums and an increase in tribal capacity in both repatriation and cultural affairs. As the National Museum of the American Indian refreshes its permanent galleries over the next five years, it will explicitly argue for Native people's centrality in the American story, and insist not only on survival narratives, but also on Indigenous futurity.
Nomenclatural notes and typification of the names related to Silene saxifraga group (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: ĐUROVIĆ SANJA Z. , KUZMANOVIĆ NEVENA , TOMOVIĆ GORDANA , NIKETIĆ MARJAN
Published: March 2018

The names of the taxa belonging to Silene saxifraga group are discussed in this paper. An epitype is designated for Cucubalus alpestris as well as lectotypes are proposed for the following six validly published names: S. fruticulosa, S. hayekiana, S. multicaulis var. ottomanica, S. oreades, S. saxifraga subsp. balcanica and S. schmuckeri. A second-step lectotypification of Silene dionysii is also made, whereas previous typifications and holotype citations for the 16 names related to S. saxifraga group are summarized.
A new species of Ubychia Rost, 1893 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Brachycerinae) from the island Samos, Greece, with a discussion on the distribution of the genus
Authors: HLAVÁČ PETER , NAKLÁDAL OTO
Published: March 2018

The new species, Ubychia assingi sp. nov., an endogean and anophthalmous weevil is described from the Greek island Samos. A list of species of the genus is given and the distribution and a posible biogeographic scenario for the genus is discussed.
A Moist Static Energy Framework for Zonal-Mean Storm-Track Intensity
Authors: Shaw Tiffany A. , Barpanda Pragallva , Donohoe Aaron
Published: March 2018

A moist static energy (MSE) framework for zonal-mean storm-track intensity, defined as the extremum of zonal-mean transient eddy MSE flux, is derived and applied across a range of time scales. According to the framework, storm-track intensity can be decomposed into contributions from net energy input [sum of shortwave absorption and surface heat fluxes into the atmosphere minus outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and atmospheric storage] integrated poleward of the storm-track position and MSE flux by the mean meridional circulation or stationary eddies at the storm-track position. The framework predicts storm-track decay in spring and amplification in fall in response to seasonal insolation. When applied diagnostically the framework shows shortwave absorption and land turbulent surface heat fluxes account for the seasonal evolution of Northern Hemisphere (NH) intensity; however, they are partially compensated by OLR (Planck feedback) and stationary eddy MSE flux. The negligible amplitude of Southern Hemisphere (SH) seasonal intensity is consistent with the compensation of shortwave absorption by OLR and oceanic turbulent surface heat fluxes (ocean energy storage). On interannual time scales, El Niño minus La Niña conditions amplify the NH storm track, consistent with decreased subtropical stationary eddy MSE flux. Finally, on centennial time scales, the CO2 indirect effect (sea surface temperature warming) amplifies the NH summertime storm track whereas the direct effect (increased CO2 over land) weakens it, consistent with opposing turbulent surface heat flux responses over land and ocean.
Cross-Basin Decadal Climate Regime Connecting the Colorado River with the Great Salt Lake
Authors: Simon Wang S.-Y. , Gillies Robert R. , Chung Oi-Yu , Shen Chaopeng
Published: March 2018

The 2013 federal Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study projected the water imbalance between future supply and demand to increase. The Colorado water supply (WS) exemplifies a pronounced quasi-decadal oscillation (QDO) of 10–20 years throughout its historical record; however, this QDO feature is unaccounted for in the climate models used to project the future WS. Adjacent to the Colorado River, the large watershed of the Great Salt Lake (GSL) in Utah records the hydrologic QDO signal in its water surface, leading previous studies to explore the cause of decadal fluctuations in the lake elevation and assess predictability. This study reports a remarkable coherence between the Colorado WS and the GSL elevation at the 10–20-yr time scale. Analysis of precipitation and terrestrial water storage anomalies suggests a cross-basin connection in the climate and hydrometeorological variations of the Colorado WS and the GSL. The 160-yr-long and well-kept GSL elevation record makes it an effective indicator for the Colorado WS.
Precarious Sexuality: How Men and Women Are Differentially Categorized for Similar Sexual Behavior
Authors: Mize Trenton D. , Manago Bianca
Published: March 2018

Are men and women categorized differently for similar sexual behavior? Building on theories of gender, sexuality, and status, we introduce the concept of precarious sexuality to suggest that men’s—but not women’s—heterosexuality is an especially privileged identity that is easily lost. We test our hypotheses in a series of survey experiments describing a person who has a sexual experience conflicting with their sexual history. We find that a single same-sex sexual encounter leads an observer to question a heterosexual man’s sexual orientation to a greater extent than that of a heterosexual woman in a similar situation. We also find that a different-sex sexual encounter is more likely to change others’ perceptions of a lesbian woman’s sexual orientation—compared to perceptions of a gay man’s sexual orientation. In two conceptual replications, we vary the level of intimacy of the sexual encounter and find consistent evidence for our idea of precarious sexuality for heterosexual men. We close with a general discussion of how status beliefs influence categorization processes and with suggestions for extending our theoretical propositions to other categories beyond those of sexual orientation.
The Mark of a Woman’s Record: Gender and Academic Performance in Hiring
Authors: Quadlin Natasha
Published: March 2018

Women earn better grades than men across levels of education—but to what end? This article assesses whether men and women receive equal returns to academic performance in hiring. I conducted an audit study by submitting 2,106 job applications that experimentally manipulated applicants’ GPA, gender, and college major. Although GPA matters little for men, women benefit from moderate achievement but not high achievement. As a result, high-achieving men are called back significantly more often than high-achieving women—at a rate of nearly 2-to-1. I further find that high-achieving women are most readily penalized when they major in math: high-achieving men math majors are called back three times as often as their women counterparts. A survey experiment conducted with 261 hiring decision-makers suggests that these patterns are due to employers’ gendered standards for applicants. Employers value competence and commitment among men applicants, but instead privilege women applicants who are perceived as likeable. This standard helps moderate-achieving women, who are often described as sociable and outgoing, but hurts high-achieving women, whose personalities are viewed with more skepticism. These findings suggest that achievement invokes gendered stereotypes that penalize women for having good grades, creating unequal returns to academic performance at labor market entry.
Sangue e miti della Bella Società Riformata, la Camorra di primo Ottocento
Authors: Nicaso Antonio
Published: March 2018

Il sangue di Napoli, inteso come fattore identitario di legame, assume una valenza specifica nell’ambito dell’organizzazione criminale che va dunque analizzata sotto il profilo antropologico-culturale. Il tema “ghenos” che dal mito e dal sacro si profanizza in un contesto di malavita e funge da sovrastruttura ideologica e simbolica alla criminalità organizzata, viene trattata da una letteratura storica peraltro non vastissima sull’argomento che deve essere riconsiderata anche alla luce della narrativa e delle fiction napoletane di successo dei nostri giorni.
Examples of c/Critical Coaching: An Analysis of Conversation Between Cooperating and Preservice Teachers
Authors: Land Charlotte L.
Published: March 2018

As student populations become culturally and linguistically diverse, mismatches between students and the mostly White teaching force create challenges for schools and teacher education programs. This article—drawing from the Coaching With CARE project and building on research valuing the role of cooperating teachers (CTs) in supporting critical, socially just teaching—examines c/Critical conversations between CTs and preservice teachers (PTs) to highlight ways CTs may bring critical understandings into mentoring work. Findings show that using tools like retrospective video analysis (RVA) and responsive critical discourse analysis (CDA) helped provide space for some CTs to engage in critical discussions of traditional power hierarchies within the classroom, the roles they and their students assume in societal power structures, and ways those understandings may affect their classroom teaching. The examples also demonstrate the challenges facing teacher educators who hope to engage in similar work and importance of professional development for CTs that includes critical reflection on their own identities and power.
An Empirical Study of the Dimensionality of the Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching Construct
Authors: Copur-Gencturk Yasemin , Tolar Tammy , Jacobson Erik , Fan Weihua
Published: March 2018

This study explores the dimensionality of mathematical knowledge needed by elementary school teachers. Specifically, we focus on the construct of Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching to investigate whether common mathematical content knowledge (the generic mathematical knowledge that is held by an educated adult), specialized content knowledge (the content knowledge that is unique to teaching), and pedagogical content knowledge (knowledge of the content, students, and teaching) can be distinguished empirically. Findings from a secondary analysis of data collected from upper elementary teachers in the Measures of Effective Teaching project ( N = 397) suggest the most parsimonious explanation of Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching construct is that it is unidimensional. We argue, based on the findings and limitations we identified, that researchers should reconsider both the structure of the components that make up the content knowledge for teaching and the effects of item design on the dimensionality of the construct.
Sharing what? The ‘sharing economy’ in the sociological debate
Authors: Arcidiacono Davide , Gandini Alessandro , Pais Ivana
Published: March 2018

This essay introduces the subject and interpretative perspective of the monograph ‘Unboxing the Sharing Economy’, and is divided into three parts. The first part illustrates the evolution of the concept of the ‘sharing economy’ and the main analytical implications. The second part outlines the key findings of a systematic review of the literature, which indicates both that academic research on the sharing economy has expanded considerably since 2013, and that sociology’s contribution to this debate remains underdeveloped and somewhat incoherent. The final part both locates the contributions to the monograph in the context of other studies and summarizes its content.
The ecosystem of commons-based peer production and its transformative dynamics
Authors: Bauwens Michel , Pantazis Alekos
Published: March 2018

This essay discusses peer-to-peer social dynamics and the relevant technological infrastructures that enable new modes of production. Commons-based peer production is presented as an alternative to the profit-driven peer-to-peer production models of the digital economy. The latter models utilize the peer-to-peer dynamics to harness social creativity, collaboration and information sharing. The created value is then captured and valorized towards profit maximization. This essay argues that there are possibilities for moving away from such extractive models to more generative ones. Commons-based peer production seems to encapsulate both social and environmental sustainability, and thus has the potential to influence such a transition. As commons-based peer production cannot yet reproduce itself outside of a mutual dependence on capitalism, it risks being subordinated. To counter this, a commons-oriented solid and protective ecosystem is needed to fully unleash the creative capabilities of commons-based peer production.
Hosting the comfortably exotic: Cosmopolitan aspirations in the sharing economy
Authors: Ladegaard Isak
Published: March 2018

This article draws on interviews with 43 Airbnb hosts in Greater Boston to analyze how this novel economic arrangement brings people together across difference. The first central finding is that a majority of the participants express a keen interest in engaging with the Other, by hosting guests of foreign nationalities and cultures, but they also filter for familiar characteristics. This paradox is conceptualized as a preference for the ‘comfortably exotic’ – hosts want difference, but not too much of it. The second central finding is that guest–host interactions generate cosmopolitan capital, i.e., particular forms of social and cultural capital, which suggests that exclusion from the home-sharing economy has opportunity costs on not just economic dimensions, but also on cultural and social dimensions.
Moving beyond dichotomies? The Collaborative Economy scene in Andalusia and the role of public actors in shaping it
Authors: del Moral-Espín Lucía , Fernández-García Manuel
Published: March 2018

Despite a lack of consensus around its meaning, the concept of Collaborative Economy has become popular over the last few years. At the same time, its controversial nature has triggered many debates. The concept is used to name a wide variety of very diverse experiences, from time banks and urban gardens, to global digital platforms or co-working spaces. Some authors have stated that Collaborative Economy opens the possibility for a more just and equitable society based on the logic of peer-to-peer (P2P) collaboration, while others, with a much more critical view, argue that it should be understood as capitalism’s last stand. In order to understand how these debates are transferred to a particular regional reality, this article analyses almost 140 Collaborative Economy experiences in the region of Andalusia (southern Spain) and the role of public actors as potential drivers of those initiatives. The experiences include both university-related and entrepreneurial initiatives in the region. The research is based on a mixed-method approach combining interviews, focus groups and questionnaires. The results reflect the state of Collaborative Economy in the region (geographical distribution, classification by sectors, age). They confirm the Janus face of Collaborative Economy activities, but they also reveal how some of them resist and overcome such dichotomies. The article’s final section discusses the specific characteristics of these initiatives and assesses the role of public engagement in the promotion of the regional scene.
Learning to share: Pedagogy, open learning, and the sharing economy
Authors: Carfagna Lindsey ‘Luka’
Published: March 2018

The sharing economy is fertile sociological ground for studying important themes like labor, exchange, consumption, and inequality, as well as larger political-economic trends that are reflective of this post-recession era. The multifaceted research agenda of the sharing economy can provide lessons around many themes relevant to sociologists, but what does the sharing economy teach to those who participate in it? What is learned from the sharing economy and how do participants learn it? In this article, the author explores the pedagogic elements of one case study within the sharing economy: open learning. Drawing from 51 interviews with 34 participants and roughly 300 hours of participant observation, the study uses Bernstein’s theory of pedagogic discourse to ask how open learners learn to share. The author argues that an ethos of communalism and cooperativism dominated moral discourse for learners and regulated social order. Entrepreneurialism was learned through a flexible sociality, where participants contributed to each other’s learning as a means of validating and legitimizing that learning. The need to contribute or give back was taken for granted by participants, who felt compelled to give their own expertise or labor to the commons after taking something from it. This study depicts a tension between a neoliberal entrepreneurial frame and a communalist, cooperativist frame that is also present within the larger sharing economy. The author suggests that a similar pedagogic approach that asks how participants learn to share could be developed in the larger sharing economy in order to better understand learning and economic relations as two sides of the same coin in contemporary capitalism.
Reservoir diffusion properties of the Longmaxi shale in Shizhu area, Southern Sichuan basin, China
Authors: Chen Si , Chen Shangbin , Clementine Uwamahoro , Liu Yu , Zhang Chu
Published: March 2018

Diffusion ability is an important indicator of shale gas reservoir quality. In this paper, the diffusion coefficient of the Longmaxi Formation is measured via the free hydrocarbon concentration method, and the diffusion ability, influencing factors, and seepage flow are discussed. Results show that the diffusion coefficient of the Longmaxi Formation is between 1.23 × 10−5 and 2.98 × 10−5 cm2 s−1 with an average value of 2.19 × 10−5 cm2 s−1 (confining pressure 3.0 MPa). The diffusion coefficient is calculated for various pressures using an empirical formula ( D = 0.339 K0.67/ M0.5) and experimentally measured data. The estimated, temperature-corrected diffusion coefficient of the Longmaxi Formation is 3.94 × 10−6–7.24 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 with an average value of 5.28 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 for depths from 1000 to 3000 m (confining pressure 16.7–39.7 MPa). The diffusion coefficient increases with increasing depth of the reservoir due to the changes in pressure and temperature. Fitting parameters show that the porosity of the reservoir and clay minerals is positively correlated with the diffusion coefficient, and the diffusion coefficient is also related to factors such as total organic carbon and the maximum reflectance of vitrinite ( Ro). The diffusion flow rate is 0.177–0.204 m3 d−1 with an average of 0.182 m3 d−1. Linear seepage flow is 4.95 × 10−4–14.29 × 10−4 m3 d−1 with an average of 8.87 × 10−4 m3 d−1, calculated from the diffusion coefficient and permeability per unit flow. These results indicate that the migration of shale gas in the deep region of the reservoir is mainly by diffusion. Therefore, diffusion is an important shale gas flow mechanism.
Mindfulness, learning, and the creative process
Authors: Shamas Victor , Maker June
Published: March 2018

Based on a unique approach to creativity presented in a revolutionary new book, Deep Creativity, the authors introduce important, often-ignored processes and aspects of processes that are important to both learning and creativity. They focus on the qualities of thoughtfulness, which is complete receptivity to all possible ways of thinking, and sensationality, which is the experience of pure awareness devoid of all thought, as two aspects of mindfulness. They focus more on the underlying experience of mindfulness than on the use of mindfulness meditation methods and provide many ways for educators, parents, and community members to enhance learning and creativity. To stimulate thoughtfulness, the authors propose that students be given the opportunity to expand their receptivity to new ways of thinking through the practice of Repose, a simple technique that can be carried out virtually anywhere with minimal training. Sensationality can be heightened through immersion in free-form, non-competitive forms of play. Throughout this article, the authors offer specific strategies for integrating Repose and play into learning experiences and educational settings, including the exciting new concept of Centers for Creativity and Innovation in ways that increase learners’ productivity as well as their passion for learning.
Does Body Perception Shape Visuospatial Perception?
Authors: Legrain Valéry , Manfron Louise , Garcia Marynn , Filbrich Lieve
Published: March 2018

How we perceive our body is shaped by sensory experiences with our surrounding environment, as witnessed by poor performance in tasks during which participants judge with their hands crossed the temporal order between two somatosensory stimuli, one applied on each hand. This suggests that somatosensory stimuli are not only processed according to a somatotopic representation but also a spatiotopic representation of the body. We investigated whether the perception of stimuli occurring in external space, such as visual stimuli, can also be influenced by the body posture and somatosensory stimuli. Participants performed temporal order judgements on pairs of visual stimuli, one in each side of space, with their hands uncrossed or crossed. In Experiment 1, participants’ hands were placed either near or far from the visual stimuli. In Experiment 2, the visual stimuli were preceded, either by 60 ms or 360 ms, by tactile stimuli applied on the hands placed near the visual stimuli. Manipulating the time interval was intended to activate either a somatotopic or a spatiotopic representation of somatic inputs. We did not obtain any evidence for an influence of body posture on visual temporal order judgment, suggesting that body perception is less relevant for processing extrabody stimuli than the reverse.
Carbon monoxide inhalation induces headache but no migraine in patients with migraine without aura
Authors: Ghanizada Hashmat , Arngrim Nanna , Schytz Henrik Winther , Olesen Jes , Ashina Messoud
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Carbon monoxide is an endogenously produced signaling gasotransmitter known to cause headache and vasodilation. We hypothesized that inhalation of carbon monoxide would induce migraine-like attacks in migraine without aura patients.

Methods

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, 12 migraine patients were allocated to inhalation of carbon monoxide (carboxyhemoglobin 22%) or placebo on two separate days. Headache and migraine characteristics were recorded during hospital (0–2 hours) and post-hospital (2–13 hours) phases.

Results

Six patients (50%) developed migraine-like attacks after carbon monoxide compared to two after placebo (16.7%) ( p = 0.289). The median time to onset of migraine-like attacks after carbon monoxide inhalation was 7.5 h (range 3–12) compared to 11.5 h (range 11–12) after placebo. Nine out of 12 patients (75%) developed prolonged headache after carbon monoxide. The area under the curve for headache score (0–13 hours) was increased after carbon monoxide compared with placebo ( p = 0.033).

Conclusion

Carbon monoxide inhalation did not provoke more migraine-like attacks in migraine patients compared to placebo, but induced more headache in patients compared to placebo. These data suggest that non-toxic concentrations of carbon monoxide had low potency in migraine induction and that the carbon monoxide inhalation model is not suitable to study migraine.
Interstate Speed Profiles
Authors: Pu Wenjing
Published: March 2018

This paper draws the first set of high-level, national speed profiles for the entire Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (Interstate system) in the United States based on the 2016 year-long National Performance Management Research Data Set (NPMRDS) and a conflated NPMRDS-HPMS (Highway Performance Monitoring System) geospatial network. This set of quantitative profiles include: ( a) national average speeds of 2016, ( b) national average speed time of day variations, ( c) national average speed day of week variations, ( d) national average speed seasonal variations, and ( e) state average speed and travel time distributions in peak hours. This work demonstrates that the integration of the private sector’s emerging big travel-time data and the public sector’s HPMS has provided a powerful resource to monitor travel-time-related performance of the nation’s highways. As the United States is transforming the Federal-aid Highway Program into a performance-based program with enhanced accountability and transparency, this integrated resource will help states and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) to monitor their performance and progress towards achieving targets, and enable the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) not only to draw high-level national highway performance profiles but also to pinpoint the exact where, when, and how much the challenges are.
Subacromial Decompression Yields a Better Clinical Outcome Than Therapy Alone: A Prospective Randomized Study of Patients With a Minimum 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Farfaras Stefanos , Sernert Ninni , Rostgard Christensen Lars , Hallström Erling K. , Kartus Jüri-Toomas
Published: March 2018

Background:

The long-term outcome after the treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) with either nonsurgical or surgical methods has not been thoroughly investigated.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome and the presence of rotator cuff injuries and osteoarthritis (OA) after the surgical and nonsurgical treatment of SAIS. The hypothesis was that, at a minimum 10 years after the initial treatment, patients who had undergone acromioplasty would have a better clinical outcome and run a lower risk of developing rotator cuff ruptures and OA as compared with those treated with physical therapy.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Eighty-seven patients with SAIS were randomized to 3 groups: open acromioplasty (open surgery group [OSG]), arthroscopic acromioplasty (arthroscopic surgery group [ASG]), and nonsurgical treatment (physical therapy group [PTG]). The Constant score, the Watson and Sonnabend score, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire were used as outcome measurements. Furthermore, bilateral ultrasound examinations were performed to detect rotator cuff ruptures and bilateral radiographs to detect OA. Sixty-six patients (76%) attended the clinical follow-up at least 10 years after the initial treatment.

Results:

The groups were demographically comparable at baseline. The Constant score improved significantly at follow-up for the OSG ( P = .003) and ASG ( P = .011), while no significant improvement was detected for the PTG. The OSG revealed a significant improvement versus the PTG at follow-up ( P = .011); otherwise, no significant differences were found. For the Watson and Sonnabend score, the OSG revealed a significant improvement in 13 of 14 questions. The corresponding finding was made for the ASG and PTG in 9 of 14 questions ( P = .14). According to ultrasound, 1 of 20 patients in the OSG had a full-thickness rotator cuff rupture on the index side. The corresponding finding was made for 1 of 18 patients in the ASG and 4 of 28 in the PTG ( P = .29). Per the radiographs, 3 of 20 patients in the OSG had moderate or severe OA in the index shoulder. The corresponding finding was made for 1 of 18 patients in the ASG and 0 of 28 in the PTG ( P = .12).

Conclusion:

After a minimum 10 years of follow-up, the surgical treatment of SAIS appears to render better clinical results than physical therapy alone. No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of the presence of full-thickness rotator cuff ruptures and OA.
Effect of Predraft Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction on Future Performance in Professional Baseball: A Matched Cohort Comparison
Authors: Camp Christopher L. , Conte Stan , D’Angelo John , Fealy Stephen A. , Ahmad Christopher S.
Published: March 2018

Background:

In recent years, there has been a dramatic rise in the annual number of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstructions performed in amateur baseball pitchers. Accordingly, increasing numbers of players are entering professional baseball having already undergone the procedure; however, the effect of prior UCL reconstruction on future success remains unknown.

Purpose:

(1) To provide an epidemiologic report on baseball players who undergo UCL reconstruction before being selected in the Major League Baseball (MLB) Draft, (2) to define the outcomes in terms of statistical performance, and (3) to compare these results with those of matched controls (ie, non–UCL reconstruction).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The MLB Amateur Draft Database was queried to identify all drafted pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction before being drafted. For each pitcher drafted from 2005 to 2014 with prior UCL reconstruction, 3 healthy controls with no history of elbow surgery were randomly identified for matched analysis. A number of demographic and performance comparisons were made between these groups.

Results:

A total of 345 pitchers met inclusion criteria. The annual number of pitchers undergoing predraft UCL reconstructions rose steadily from 2005 to 2016 ( P < .001). For matched control analysis, 252 pitchers with a UCL reconstruction and a minimum 2-year follow-up (drafted between 2005 and 2014) were matched to 756 controls (non–UCL reconstruction). As compared with the non–UCL reconstruction group, pitchers who underwent predraft UCL reconstruction reached the MLB level with greater frequency (20% vs 12%, P = .003), and their MLB statistical performances were similar for all measures. Compared with all other pitchers drafted during that period, players who had a predraft UCL reconstruction demonstrated an increased likelihood of reaching progressive levels of play (Full Season A, AA, and MLB) within a given time frame ( P < .05 for all).

Conclusion:

The number of UCL reconstructions performed in amateur baseball players before the draft increased year over year for the entire study period. Professional pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction as amateurs appear to perform at least as well as, if not better than, matched controls without elbow surgery.
Luminex® xMAP® technology is an effective strategy for high-definition human leukocyte antigen typing of cord blood units prior to listing
Authors: Guarene Marco , Badulli Carla , Cremaschi Anna L , Sbarsi Ilaria , Cacciatore Rosalia , Tinelli Carmine , Pasi Annamaria , Bergamaschi Paola , Perotti Cesare G
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

Allele-level donor–recipient match at HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and HLA-DRB1 loci impacts the outcome after cord blood transplantation for hematologic malignancies and modifies the strategy of donor selection. High definition of both class I and II HLA loci at time of listing is a way to improve the attractiveness of cord blood bank inventories, reducing the time for donor search and procurement and simplifying donor choice, in particular, for patients of non-European heritage.

Methods:

In 2014, Luminex® xMAP® technology was introduced in our laboratory practice and was applied to cord blood units typing. In this study, we evaluated the impact of this strategy in comparison with the platform in use until 2013, relying on LiPA reverse polymerase chain reaction–sequence-specific oligonucleotide (revPCR-SSO) plus polymerase chain reaction–sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP).

Results:

In 2014, the time for testing was shorter (141 vs 181 days on average), the number of test repetitions was lower (in particular for HLA-A locus, p = 0.026), and the cost reduced (240.7 vs 395.6 euros per unit on average) compared to 2013, demonstrating that Luminex xMAP technology is superior to the previous approach.

Conclusion:

Luminex xMAP platform has useful application in cord blood banking programs, to achieve high-definition HLA typing of cord blood units at the time of banking in a quick, accurate, and cost-effective manner.
Dropout Prediction in MOOCs: Using Deep Learning for Personalized Intervention
Authors: Xing Wanli , Du Dongping
Published: March 2018

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) show great potential to transform traditional education through the Internet. However, the high attrition rates in MOOCs have often been cited as a scale-efficacy tradeoff. Traditional educational approaches are usually unable to identify such large-scale number of at-risk students in danger of dropping out in time to support effective intervention design. While building dropout prediction models using learning analytics are promising in informing intervention design for these at-risk students, results of the current prediction model construction methods do not enable personalized intervention for these students. In this study, we take an initial step to optimize the dropout prediction model performance toward intervention personalization for at-risk students in MOOCs. Specifically, based on a temporal prediction mechanism, this study proposes to use the deep learning algorithm to construct the dropout prediction model and further produce the predicted individual student dropout probability. By taking advantage of the power of deep learning, this approach not only constructs more accurate dropout prediction models compared with baseline algorithms but also comes up with an approach to personalize and prioritize intervention for at-risk students in MOOCs through using individual drop out probabilities. The findings from this study and implications are then discussed.
Bridging Knowledge Divides Utilizing Cloud Computing Learning Resources in Underfunded Schools: Investigating the Determinants
Authors: Wang Xinghua , Wong Becky
Published: March 2018

This study investigated the factors that led to students adopting cloud computing learning resources (CCLR) in underfunded, rural high schools with the aim of informing future work related to effective implementation of CCLR for underprivileged students. Guided by the CCLR adoption model, survey data of 310 students from two high schools in rural districts in China were obtained and were analyzed utilizing partial least square structural equation modeling. The findings indicated that students’ use of CCLR was a function of the perceived ease of use of CCLR, external facilitating conditions from schools, and students’ voluntariness. The perceived usefulness of CCLR did not predict students’ use behavior. Regarding gender differences, voluntariness affected female students more significantly than males, and anxiety in using CCLR affected female students more negatively than males. This study should interest educational practitioners and policy makers seeking to promote equity in education, particularly in rural districts by effectively implementing new learning technologies.
Evangelical Christian Education in the Early 20th Century: Marginalization and New Beginnings
Authors: Lawson Kevin E.
Published: March 2018

The first of three brief articles addressing the development of evangelical Christian education in the 20th century. The early part of the century was a time of loss of influence and marginalization within the broader religious education movement, but the time period concluded with the beginnings of new cooperative efforts among evangelicals. The article provides a context for the essays on evangelical Christian education leaders that follow.
Ora Et Labora the Practice of Prayerful Teaching
Authors: Lynn Monty L.
Published: March 2018

Although prayer is a central spiritual discipline for Christians, few contemporary scholarly discussions have ventured into exploring the role of prayer in college teaching. This paper extends the conversation by proposing a model of prayerful teaching. Practical suggestions are offered by which an educator might apply the concepts.
John Wesley Meets Malcolm Knowles: Was The Class Meeting Andragogical?
Authors: Budd Clair Allen , Freeman Ronald W.
Published: March 2018

With increased interest in small groups as a device for facilitating spiritual growth and maturity, several recent studies have reconsidered the remarkable success of John Wesley's class meeting. These studies have attempted to identify the factors that contributed to this success, variously addressing theological, historical, organizational, or educational issues. No study to date has considered specifically the question of how Wesley provided for adults as learners within the class meeting. To what degree did Wesley employ principles identified more recently as “andragogical” by Malcolm Knowles? The present study utilizes a methodology of philosophical analysis of John Wesley's class meeting against the backdrop of Malcolm Knowles's concepts of andragogy as a way of thinking about engaging adults as learners. The paper describes the principles of andragogy as developed by Knowles, and then analyzes the practices of the class meeting as formulated by Wesley against these andragogical principles. Finally, conclusions and implications are offered for contemporary small group ministry for adults.
Examining Rousseau's Philosophy of Education: A Christian Account
Authors: Yang Ferry
Published: March 2018

With his unique theological perspective, Rousseau proposes a different way of doing education. His education according to nature calls for education to heed the natural way human beings learn. This paper explores Rousseau's philosophy of education and its contribution and challenge to education, especially Christian education. It also examines and critiques Rousseau's theological basis for his philosophy of education.
Philip Jakob Spener: Educational Ministry Innovator
Authors: Heinemann Mark H.
Published: March 2018

Philipp Jakob Spener (1635–1705) proposed and instituted many practical reforms in a broad range of educational ministries. The historical background and contemporary relevance of Spener's efforts to transform Luther's reformation of doctrine into a reformation of the personal lives of Christians and the corporate life of congregations is examined.
Globalization in Theological Education: A Mixed Blessing
Authors: Elliott Mark R.
Published: March 2018

A good case can be made that the ATS globalization initiative was self-serving. It was fundamentally about strengthening North American, not non-Western, theological education. As a result, unless care is taken, it can be a bitter irony to see the awakening of Western institutions to global realities accomplished at the expense of the rest of the globe.
Double-Loop Learning in the College Classroom
Authors: Brown Cynthia L.
Published: March 2018

How can future ministers in the area of Christian education survive in a constantly changing world? How can the church survive if its future leaders do not know why they believe and act as they do? Christian educators of future ministers and future leaders can help resolve these issues through double-loop learning. This article will describe double-loop learning and will present some theories that serve as a background to it. Then it will present the environment that is necessary and some teaching methods that are useful to foster double-loop learning.
Ministry to Newlyweds—A Small Window of Great Opportunity
Authors: Johnson Rex
Published: March 2018

Ministry to newlyweds is a unique window of opportunity for churches small and large because newlywed couples are in transition, open to new relationships, open to letting go of religious conventions and considering more Biblical responses, and open to being groomed for church leadership. This article advocates the importance of a newlywed ministry for your church, suggests some of the needs couples are facing that churches can address, reviews results of a survey of how churches are ministering to newlyweds, and suggests some of the ways churches can minister to newlyweds. A list of resources is also included.
Planting Seeds: The Curricular Hope of Short Term Mission Experiences in Youth Ministry
Authors: Linhart Terence D.
Published: March 2018

This article presents research that examines the impact of short-term mission trips as an experiential curriculum in the lives of North American adolescent participants. Drawing from prominent experiential theories, the curricular structure of cross-cultural short-term mission trips is shown to be limited in its ability to transfer learning into the ongoing lives of the students. The author recommends continuing the educational components beyond a trip's conclusion so students can better integrate their learning. The study concludes that short-term mission needs to be situated as part of an overall emphasis, theologically and pedagogically, on service and mission within a youth ministry.
Who Gets to Chew the Cracker? Engaging the Student in Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Cunningham Shelly
Published: March 2018

Masterful professors not only grow in knowledge of their discipline, they also grow in sharpening their teaching skill. This article examines effective teaching and learning in the higher education context. More specifically, it looks at how effective pedagogy aims to see the student fully engaged in the learning process. It explores what it means to engage the college student in learning, why it is important, and several strategies to facilitate engagement in learning. Really, in its simplest form, it is all about who gets to chew the cracker!
An Historical Perspective of the North American Professors of Christian Education
Authors: Starr Eileen
Published: March 2018

A recounting of the origins and development of the NAPCE, from the early years as a Research Commission of the National Association of Evangelicals to the present.
The Invisible Being: Finding Images of God in Secular Children's Literature
Authors: O'sullivan Sheryl
Published: March 2018

Many secular children's books contain explicit or implicit images of God which can be used by educators and parents to enhance the spiritual growth of children. This article discusses stages of spiritual development in childhood then provides specific books that contain images of God and activities for using these books with children.
Faithful Gestures: Rebooting the Educational Mission of the Church
Authors: Lamport Mark A. , Yoder Darrell
Published: March 2018

The authors contend that two haunting conditions foster frailty within the North American church's efforts at educating its adherents—first, the curious gap in theological education segregating clergy and laity; and second, an American-style penchant slouching toward unchecked pragmatism. An analysis of the obstacles that spring from these conditions is offered. Finally, the authors articulate a distinctive educational philosophy of Christian education and propose four distinctive, although not new, theological “tent posts” to guide professors and church leaders in conceptualizing how God's people might be better educated in faith for the 21st century.
Identity Research and the Psychosocial Formation of One's Sense of Spiritual Self: Implications for Religious Educators and Christian Institutions of Higher Education
Authors: Kiesling Chris , Sorell Gwendolyn T. , Montgomery Marilyn J. , Colwell Ronald K.
Published: March 2018

Utilizing Erikson's (1963) psychosocial ego identity development theory 28 qualitative interviews with religiously devout Americans are analyzed to determine different patterns of adult spiritual identity. Following an integrationist approach, we provide response to the question, “What types of identity development are accommodated, promoted, or prohibited by particular models of Christian education and the educational communities that embody them?” Recognizing individual differences in (a) the social and contextual factors that affect identity formation, (b) the way religious doubts are resolved, and (c) what individuals seek from community, we offer important implications for religious educators and Christian institutions of higher education.
A Demographic Description of Evangelicals Attending Secular and Christian Colleges
Authors: Railsback Gary L.
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to provide a demographic description of college students that identify themselves as born-again Christians. The sample of 15,541 students from a longitudinal survey was compiled by the Higher Education Research Institute (HERI) at the University of California, Los Angeles, in fall 1997 and spring 2001 in cooperation with 134 American colleges. This study reports on the demographic characteristics of born-again Christian students by gender, race, political views, and religious preferences with a comparison of eight types of colleges. Implications for local churches, para-church organizations, and Christian colleges are discussed.
Walking Ancient Paths: Revisiting Roles for Service in Youth Ministry
Authors: Heflin Houston
Published: March 2018

This article considers how the work of youth ministry flows from an understanding of the minister's identity. Ten roles for professional and volunteer youth workers are offered as a theological framework through which to view ministry. These roles reflect the identity of Jesus and represent the multiple tasks of youth ministry. Implications are briefly discussed as they relate to individual giftedness, recruiting volunteers, and hiring youth ministers.
Learning Styles Research: Understanding how Teaching Should be Impacted by the Way Learners Learn Part III: Understanding how Learners' Personality Styles Impact Learning
Authors: Williamson Margaret F. , Watson Roberta L.
Published: March 2018

Over the years, educators have asked questions about how people learn. In this series of articles, the importance of learning styles has been explored from both the instructors' and students' perspectives. In this third and final article, the correlation between a student's personality and his preferred learning style is examined and implications explored for Christian education contexts.
Turning Down the Noise: Reading and the Development of Spirituality in Children
Authors: Callahan Linda V.
Published: March 2018

The Noise—technology and electronic media—is undeniably integrated into the fabric of American life. The enchantment with the Noise begins at an early age as parents of children ages 6 months to 6 years report that 83% of their young children spent an average of 117 minutes per day using all screen media. Students ages 8–18 report 8 1/2 hours of exposure to the media each day with only 43 minutes spent reading. Youth who use the media as their frame of reference often ignore their spirituality and experience emptiness and alienation. The author offers a variety of ways that reading to and with children can counter the influence of the media on children and foster their spirituality.