bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Transformation of Sports Teaching Development Path Based on the SWOT PEST Model
Authors: Yin Jiesen , Jiang Zhenglu
Published: August 2024

Traditional physical education teaching often adopts a “one size fits all” teaching model, ignoring individual differences and interest needs of students, resulting in poor teaching effectiveness. Lack of data collection and analysis on student learning behaviour, interest preferences, etc. makes it difficult to make precise teaching adjustments and optimizations. Based on the analysis of the SWOT PEST model, this paper discusses the transformation of the development path of physical education teaching. The development status of sports teaching is analyzed by the SWOT PEST model, and its advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats are found. According to the analysis results of the SWOT PEST model, the paper puts forward the strategies and suggestions for the transformation of the development path of sports teaching. Through the case study, the application effect of the SWOT PEST model in the development path transformation of sports teaching is verified. This study provides new ideas and methods for the development of sports teaching and is of great significance for promoting the reform and innovation of sports teaching. A talent big data recommendation system based on collaborative filtering is constructed. The development environment and advantages and disadvantages of modular talents are to facilitate the industry to adopt corresponding strategies.
AN EFFICIENT FRACTAL CARDIO DISEASES ANALYSIS USING OPTIMIZED DEEP LEARNING MODEL IN CLOUD OF THING CONTINUUM ARCHITECTURE
Authors: ALOHALI MANAL ABDULLAH , ARASI MUNYA A. , ALAHMARI SAAD , ALSHUHAIL ASMA , ALMUKADI WAFA SULAIMAN , ALGHAMDI BANDAR M. , ALALLAH FOUAD SHOIE
Published: August 2024

Exercise has long been known to improve cardiovascular health, energy metabolism, and well-being. However, myocardial cell responses to exercise are complex and multifaceted due to their molecular pathways. To understand cardiac physiology and path physiology, one must understand these pathways, including energy autophagy. In recent years, deep learning techniques, IoT devices, and cloud computing infrastructure have enabled real-time, large-scale biological data analysis. The objective of this work is to extract and analyze autophagy properties in exercise-induced cardiac cells in a cloud-IoT context using deep learning, more especially an autoencoder. The Shanghai University of Sport Ethics Committee for Science Research gave its approval for the data collection, which involved 150 male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats that were eight weeks old and in good health. The [Formula: see text]-score normalization method was used to standardize the data. Fractal optimization methods could be applied to these algorithms. For example, fractal-inspired optimization techniques might be used to analyze deep learning with Autoencoder, the autography energy of exercise myocardial cells within a cloud-IoT. To capture the intricate myocardial energy autophagy during exercise, we introduced the DMO-GCNN-Autoencoder, a Dwarf Mongoose Optimized Graph Convolutional Neural Network. The results showed that the proposed network’s performance matches that of the existing methods.
Free and Forced Vibration Mitigation of Nonlinear Functionally Graded Beams Based on Higher-Order Shear Deformation Theories Using NES
Authors: Alimohammadi Madanouei Iman , Karamooz Mahdiabadi Morteza
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the effective mitigation of free and forced vibrations in nonlinear functionally graded (FG) shear deformable beams through the application of a nonlinear energy sink (NES) near resonance (1:1). FG structures, characterized by varying material properties across dimensions, pose unique challenges in vibration control. We employ a comprehensive approach, combining higher-order shear deformation theories with advanced numerical methods. Our investigation begins by modeling a geometrically nonlinear beam using von Kármán theory. The equations of motion are derived through the assumed modes method and the Lagrange approach. To analyze free vibrations, we calculate both linear and nonlinear frequencies using the assumed modes method and the local concordant deformation assumption (LCDA), respectively. Our research primarily focuses on the forced vibration analysis performed using the complexification-averaging method. Steady-state frequency response curves are systematically generated using an arc-length continuation method, revealing valuable insights into the system’s behavior under various conditions. An optimization procedure employs a genetic algorithm to fine-tune NES parameters, resulting in an impressive 92.5% reduction in vibration amplitude. Notably, our study critically evaluates different shear deformation theories and investigates how varying FG material distributions influence optimal NES parameters.
Synthesis of Hemidesmus indicus-Mediated Biogenic Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles for Potential Applications in Dental Adhesive
Authors: Arun Dharsaun S. R. , Francis Arul Prakash , Gayathri R. , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Sankaran Kavitha
Published: August 2024

Dental adhesive materials play a crucial role in modern dentistry, enabling the bonding of restorative materials to tooth structures. However, concerns about conventional adhesive agents’ potential toxicities and adverse effects have been raised. This has sparked interest in exploring alternative and environmentally friendly materials for dental applications. Hemidesmus indicus commonly known as Indian sarsaparilla, used historically in Ayurvedic medicine, has gained attention in nanotechnology for functionalizing nanoparticles. The primary objective of this study is to develop biogenic titanium oxide nanoparticles (H-TiO2NPs) using Hemidesmus indicus as a natural reducing agent and further coated with curcumin, specifically for dental adhesive material applications. The nanoparticles were prepared using the green synthesis method and characterized by various techniques. The biocompatibility and bioactivity of the nanoparticles were assessed using multiple assays. The nanoparticles synthesized using root extract and capped with curcumin showed maximum absorbance at 302 nm and 498 nm in the UV spectra. The presence of characteristic peaks of curcumin in the fingerprint region of FTIR spectra reveals the capping of curcumin on TiO2 NPs. The monoclinic structure of the nanoparticles was displayed in the XRD pattern. The SEM micrograph of uncoated and coated TiO2 NPs exhibits spherical morphology with a size range of around 100-140 nm. Further, the EDAX of HCTN showed the elemental composition of 43.7% oxygen, 33.4% carbon and 22.8% Titanium. The biocompatibility studies of HCTN towards peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and erythrocytes have proved its nontoxic properties. In vitro,bioactivity studies revealed that HCTN exhibited significant antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced by the inhibition of protein denaturation. The demonstrated bioactivities make them potential candidates for dental adhesive material applications. The results highlighted the potential of HCTN as a promising alternative for dental adhesive materials, offering anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. This study contributes to exploring eco-friendly and biocompatible materials for use in adhesive dentistry. However, further in-depth analysis is necessary to fully understand their efficacy, safety and long-term performance in dental applications.
Properties of Group Fairness Measures for Rankings
Authors: Schumacher Tobias , Lutz Marlene , Sikdar Sandipan , Strohmaier Markus
Published: August 2024

In recent years, several measures have been developed for evaluating group fairness of rankings. Given that these measures were developed with different application contexts and ranking algorithms in mind, it is not straightforward which measure to choose for a given scenario. Previous work has already laid out some categorizations of measures and explored relationships between these; however, to the best of our knowledge, there has not yet been a thorough mathematical analysis of practically grounded properties of individual measures. In this article, we therefore apply an axiomatic approach to perform a comprehensive analysis of existing group fairness measures that have been developed in the context of fair ranking. To this end, we propose a set of 14 properties for group fairness measures that consider different ranking settings. These properties specifically provide information about how fairness scores of ranked outputs can be interpreted and contextualized. For a given use case, one can then identify which properties are of interest and select a measure based on whether it satisfies these properties. We further apply our properties on 12 existing group fairness measures, and through both empirical and theoretical results demonstrate that most of these measures only satisfy a small subset of the proposed properties. These findings highlight limitations of existing measures, and provide insights into how to evaluate and interpret different fairness measures in practical deployment. Overall, our work can assist practitioners in selecting appropriate group fairness measures for a specific application, and also aid researchers in designing and evaluating such measures.
Matrix hypercontractivity, streaming algorithms and LDCs: the large alphabet case
Authors: Arunachalam Srinivasan , Doriguello Joao F.
Published: August 2024

We prove a hypercontractive inequality for matrix-valued functions defined over large alphabets. In order to do so, we prove a generalization of the powerful 2-uniform convexity inequality for trace norms of Ball, Carlen, Lieb (Inventiones Mathematicae’94). Using our hypercontractive inequality, we present upper and lower bounds for the communication complexity of the Hidden Hypermatching problem defined over large alphabets. We then consider streaming algorithms for approximating the value of Unique Games on a hypergraph with
t
-size hyperedges. By using our communication lower bound, we show that every streaming algorithm in the adversarial model achieving an

\((r-\varepsilon)\)

-approximation of this value requires

\(\Omega (n^{1-2/t})\)

quantum space, where
r
is the alphabet size. We next present a lower bound for locally decodable codes (

\(\mathsf {LDC}\)

)

\(\mathbb {Z}_r^n\rightarrow \mathbb {Z}_r^N\)

over large alphabets with recoverability probability at least

\(1/r + \varepsilon\)

. Using hypercontractivity, we give an exponential lower bound

\(N= 2^{\Omega (\varepsilon ^4 n/r^4)}\)

for 2-query (possibly non-linear)

\(\mathsf {LDC}\)

s over

\(\mathbb {Z}_r\)

and using the non-commutative Khintchine inequality we prove an improved lower bound of

\(N= 2^{\Omega (\varepsilon ^2 n/r^2)}\)

.
Explaining Differential Involvement in Cross-Movement Coalitions on Social Media: the #StopHateForProfit Campaign
Authors: Li Yevgeniya , Bernard Jean-Grégoire , Luczak-Roesch Markus
Published: August 2024

Social movements form coalitions to gain leverage and achieve mutual goals, however, little is known about how coalitions work, especially in the realm of social media. In this article, we examine the 2020 #StopHateForProfit coalition, which pressured corporations to pull their advertising spending from Facebook because of its permissive content moderation policies toward disinformation and hate. From the digital traces of the campaign on Twitter, we explain the participation differentials among coalition social movement organizations (SMO) partners and their followers. The findings show that the coalition's centrality to movement agenda, the ideological homogeneity of followership, and the SMO partners and their followership's central positions in the communication network led to the highest and most time-persistent participation rates. Our counter-intuitive findings extend the literature on social movements coalitions by suggesting that multi-issues, “big tent” movements with ideological breadth may find invoking the core of their large followership rather challenging despite the ease of participation afforded by social media.
Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Clonal Hematopoiesis
Authors: Petrone Giulia , Turker Isik , Natarajan Pradeep , Bolton Kelly L.
Published: August 2024

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an age-related process whereby hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) acquire mutations that lead to a proliferative advantage and clonal expansion. The most commonly mutated genes are epigenetic regulators, DNA damage response genes, and splicing factors, which are essential to maintain functional HSPCs and are frequently involved in the development of hematologic malignancies. Established risk factors for CH, including age, prior cytotoxic therapy, and smoking, increase the risk of acquiring CH and/or may increase CH fitness. CH has emerged as a novel risk factor in many age-related diseases, such as hematologic malignancies, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders, among others. Future characterization of the mechanisms driving CH evolution will be critical to develop preventative and therapeutic approaches.
Accuracy of an Artificial Intelligence System for Interval Breast Cancer Detection at Screening Mammography
Authors: Nanaa Muzna , Gupta Vaishnavi O. , Hickman Sarah E. , Allajbeu Iris , Payne Nicholas R. , Arponen Otso , Black Richard , Huang Yuan , Priest Andrew N. , Gilbert Fiona J.
Published: August 2024

An artificial intelligence algorithm accurately detected one-quarter of interval cancers on screening mammograms and accurately located three-quarters of them, which could result in earlier detection of breast cancer.
Field-Cycling MRI for Identifying Minor Ischemic Stroke Below 0.2 T
Authors: Mallikourti Vasiliki , Ross P. James , Maier Oliver , Guzman-Gutierrez German , Franko Edit , Lurie David J. , Broche Lionel M. , Macleod Mary Joan
Published: August 2024

Field-cycling imaging, a newly developed technology that measures changes in T1 relaxation time constant of tissues over a range of magnetic field strengths, can be used to identify subacute ischemic stroke at field strengths between 0.2 and 200 mT.
Insight into the Impact of Electron Drift Trajectory on Charge Collection in Silicon Drift Detector
Authors: Guo Rongrong , Peng Yujia , Huang Huixiang , Chen Chih-Ching , Chen Tsung-Yi
Published: August 2024

The internal electric field distribution is one key design consideration, which affects the charge collection efficiency in silicon drift detectors (SDDs). The internal electrostatic potential distributions along SDD front and back surfaces, which are determined by the applied voltages at cathode electrodes, define the final internal field distribution. Front-back bias coupling leads to the complexity of electrode structure design and voltage tuning. Device simulation is performed to investigate the performance of SDDs with varied bias voltages. When the cathode bias is −40 V with the first ring bias of −15 V and the outermost ring bias of −80 V, the detector is biased with a uniform electric field distribution, favorable electron drift trajectories. The simulation results provide new insight into the influence of internal electric field and electron drift trajectories on the charge collection efficiency. According to the analysis of simulation results, a 2000 × 2000 μm area concentric silicon drift detector was designed and fabricated. The electrical characteristics of the designed detectors were studied to show the validity of the proposed device design methodology. The internal electric field distribution and electron drift trajectories can be tuned to improve the charge collection efficiency.
Communication—Tunable Lorentz-Type Negative Permittivity of PANI/Epoxy Resin Composites in the Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 1 MHz
Authors: Chen Min , Chen Shuxin , Ji Yaxuan , Zhang Kai
Published: August 2024

Negative permittivity in percolation composites garnered significant interest due to its promising implications for practical applications. This study demonstrates that the percolation threshold of the polyaniline(PANI)/epoxy resin composite falls within the range of 40 wt% to 50 wt%. Beyond this percolation threshold, the composites exhibit a corresponding negative dielectric behavior. Notably, at a high PANI content level of 90 wt%, the permittivity exhibits characteristics akin to Lorentz resonance type behavior. This research presents an effective approach to exhibit tunable low-frequency negative permittivity through Lorentz resonance.
Simultaneous optical imaging of gastric slow waves and contractions in the in vivo porcine stomach
Authors: Patton Haley N. , Zhang Hanyu , Wood Garrett A. , Guragain Bijay , Nagahawatte Nipuni D. , Nisbet Linley A. , Cheng Leo K. , Walcott Gregory P. , Rogers Jack M.
Published: August 2024

This article introduces a novel method for imaging gastric electrophysiology and mechanical function simultaneously in anesthetized, open-abdomen pigs. We demonstrate it by observing propagating slow-wave depolarization and repolarization along with the strength, spatial distribution, and direction of contractions. In addition, we observe that in this animal preparation, slow waves often do not propagate from the proximal to distal stomach and are frequently asymmetric between the anterior and posterior sides of the stomach.
Clinical Characteristics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Caucasians and Latin American Hispanics: Data from a Single Tertiary Center
Authors: Marri Luca , Vassallo Chiara , Esposito Pasquale , Bottaro Luca , De Palma Raffaele , Negrini Simone
Published: August 2024

Background. Different studies report that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) tends to have a more aggressive course in Hispanic patients. In this study, we analysed epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics in a cohort of Hispanic and Caucasian lupus patients in the context of Italian health service, which provides free access to care to all citizens, thus mitigating the impact of socioeconomic factors that negatively influence the course of the disease in ethnic minorities. Methods. This single‐center retrospective study was conducted at the San Martino Hospital “Lupus Clinic” in Genoa, Italy. Patients ≥18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of SLE and definite ethnicity (Hispanic or Caucasian) were recruited. Results. A total of 126 patients (90 Caucasians and 36 Hispanics) were enrolled. We compared epidemiologic characteristics, clinical features, autoantibodies profile, and treatment options without evidencing any statistically significant difference between the two groups, except for disease duration, which was higher in the Caucasian group (20.4 years versus 14.2 years in the Hispanic group, P = 0.002) and SLICC damage index, which was greater in Caucasian patients (2.11 versus 1.88 in Hispanics, P = 0.037), but this difference was no longer significant after correction for disease duration (P = 0.096). Conclusions. In our cohort, Hispanic ethnicity is not associated with worse disease features and outcomes. Therefore, we speculated that socioeconomic factors, in particular, free access to healthcare, might be more relevant in influencing the course of the disease than genetic background.
Relationship between Water Quality Parameters and Parasite Infestation in Farmed Oreochromis niloticus in Selected Rift Valley Counties, Kenya
Authors: Ageng’o Finnan O. , Waruiru Robert M. , Wanja Daniel W. , Nyaga Philip N. , Hamisi Mercy M. , Khasake Cidee N. , Wainaina Jacob M. , Munde Beatrice M. , Mbuthia Paul G. , Kamuti Nichodemus M. , Ali Shimaa E. , Tavornpanich Saraya , Keya Edith A. , Chadag Mohan V.
Published: August 2024

Globally, parasitic infections hinder aquaculture productivity and sustainability. Improper water quality parameters reduce fish immunity, make them susceptible to parasites, and enhance parasitic proliferation in culture systems. Subsequently, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of ecto‐ and endo‐parasite infesting Oreochromis niloticus in varying water quality in aquaculture systems in Kericho, Bomet, and Nakuru counties. A total of 220 Oreochromis niloticus samples were captured from 11 liner ponds, eight earthen ponds, two concrete ponds, and one plastic tank from 22 farms in the three counties. External and internal organs were examined for parasite infestation. Skin scrapings and squash preparation of fish eyes were also examined to reveal the organisms through microscopic examination. A Pearson’s correlation analysis between physicochemical parameters and parasitic prevalence was used to determine the strength and direction of correlation coefficients with significance at 95%. Overall parasitic prevalence infestation was 39.6% (87/220). Ten parasite genera were recovered, with Dactylogyrus species dominating overall at 15.9% (35/220), followed by Trichodina spp. (7.7%; 17/220). Epistylis species had the highest mean intensity of 12.8 ± 35.7 (total number of Epistylis parasites (141)/total of infested fish (11)). Earthen ponds had a significantly higher (36.2%, 29/80) prevalence of Dactylogyrus sp. than liner ponds (3.6%, 4/110) (p < 0.001). Dissolved oxygen levels were 16.9 ± 0.7 mgL−1 in Bomet, 14.9 ± 0.3 mgL−1 in Kericho, and 12.5 ± 0.5 mgL−1 in Nakuru which were above desirable range for fish culture. The electrical conductivity in Bomet was 76 ± 5 µS/cm and Kericho 52 ± 4 µS/cm below the desirable range. Temperature, pH, phosphate, nitrates, and nitrites were within the desirable limit for fish farming. Electrical conductivity and pH had positive correlation of 1 and 0.97, respectively, with the prevalence of Acanthocephalus, Euclinostomum, and Trichodina species. Temperature and nitrate positively correlated between 0.80–0.89 and 0.90–0.99, respectively, with the prevalence of Dactylogyrus, Riboscyphidia, Epistylis, Camallanus, and Paracamallanus species. The study demonstrates that water quality significantly influences parasitic prevalence in aquaculture systems. Therefore, it is crucial for farmers to monitor water quality parameters to mitigate parasitic infestations.
The Imbibition Mechanism and the Calculation Method of Maximum Imbibition Length during the Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Wu Zhongwei , Li Xianhong , Cui Chuanzhi , Qian Yin , Wang Yidan , Trivedi Japan J.
Published: August 2024

It has been recognized that fluid imbibes into the matrix and floods the oil during hydraulic fracturing; however, the mechanism of fluid imbibing into the matrix and flooding the oil remains unclear. Additionally, there is a scarcity of methods for calculating the maximum imbibition length. In this paper, we first analyzed the imbibition mechanism during hydraulic fracturing and then developed a method for calculating the imbibition length using mercury intrusion experiments, seepage theory, and numerical calculations. By comparing the proposed method calculations with experimental results and published model calculations, we verified our proposed method. Finally, we presented the influences of the maximum imbibition length. From the work, we can know that imbibition during hydraulic fracturing involves counter‐current imbibition under surrounding pressure. The influence of permeability on threshold pressure gradients was found to be greater than that on capillary pressure, resulting in an increase in the maximum imbibition length with increased permeability (ranging from 0.01 to 0.2 × 10−3 μm2), while the time taken to achieve the maximum imbibition length decreased exponentially. When the reservoir permeability was 0.1 × 10−3 μm2, the contact angle was 60°, and the interface tension was 50 mN/m, the maximum imbibition length was 1.8 m, and the time of achieving maximum imbibition length was 70 days. This study provided a method for evaluating the extent of imbibition.
CAR T Cells Engineered to Secrete IFNκ Induce Tumor Ferroptosis via an IFNAR/STAT1/ACSL4 Axis
Authors: Gao Yaoxin , Liu Shasha , Huang Yifan , Wang Hui , Zhao Yuyu , Cui Xuyang , Peng Yajing , Li Feng , Zhang Yi
Published: August 2024

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death that influences cancer immunity. Therapeutic modulation of ferroptosis is considered a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of other cancer therapies, including immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. In this study, we demonstrated that IFNκ influenced the induction of ferroptosis. IFNκ could enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to ferroptosis induced by the small molecule compound erastin and the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid. Mechanistically, IFNκ in combination with arachidonic acid induced immunogenic tumor ferroptosis via an IFNAR/STAT1/ACSL4 axis. Moreover, CAR T cells engineered to express IFNκ showed increased antitumor efficiency against H460 cells (antigen positive) and H322 cells (antigen-negative) both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that IFNκ is a potential cytokine that could be harnessed to enhance the antitumor function of CAR T cells by inducing tumor ferroptosis.
Supplementary Figure S3 from ANGPTL4 Suppresses Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via Inhibition of Lysosomal Acid Lipase
Authors: Jin Zeng , De Umasankar , Tithi Tanzia Islam , Kleberg Jeremy , Nataraj Akhila , Jolley Elena , Carelock Madison E. , Davies Brandon S. , Zhang Weizhou , Kolb Ryan
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figure S3
Supplementary Figure S2 from ANGPTL4 Suppresses Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via Inhibition of Lysosomal Acid Lipase
Authors: Jin Zeng , De Umasankar , Tithi Tanzia Islam , Kleberg Jeremy , Nataraj Akhila , Jolley Elena , Carelock Madison E. , Davies Brandon S. , Zhang Weizhou , Kolb Ryan
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figure S2
The genetics of type 2 diabetes: A review
Authors: Taylor Alan
Published: August 2024

Because of the widespread distribution and increasing prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in modern society, great efforts have
been made to understand the underlying causes of the disease. The fact that the cause of Type 2 diabetes is primarily of
genetic origin has been known for many years. In the last five years advances in the microarray analysis of gene expression
and statistical genetics had provided hope that these techniques would give a clear identification of the genes involved and an
understanding of the genetic nature of the disease. An analysis of recent work in this area has been carried out and possible
reasons put forward as to why the results have not been as useful as might have been hoped. (Int J Diabetes Metab 14: 76-81,
2006 )
Non-ketotic diabetes in Saudi Arabian youths: MODY or early onset of type 2 diabetes?
Authors: Udezue Emmanuel , Mohamed Fatma
Published: August 2024

Background: Non-ketotic diabetes mellitus is commonly seen in young Saudi Arabian adults. This could be either early
onset of typical type 2 diabetes, T2DM or maturity-onset diabetes of the young, MODY. Consanguinity is also prevalent and
clouds the inheritance pattern of the disease. Distinction between the two on clinical grounds alone is not always possible.
Materials and Method: Diabetic patients aged 􀁤 25 years with family history of the disease who had maintained reasonable
glycaemic control with diet and/or oral hypoglycaemic agents for at least two years were studied. Demographic data,
presentation details and clinical course were analyzed for classification of patients as possible cases of MODY, using
generally accepted criteria. Results: Twenty three patients with diabetes through three consecutive generations were
identified as possible cases of MODY from a clinic population of about 200. However, they could also have been early onset
cases of T2DM, and differentiation between the two could not be made with certainty without further tests. Conclusion:
More studies including genetic testing would be needed to differentiate between early onset T2DM and MODY, according to
the current WHO classification. Since most developing countries among which the increasing burden of DM lies cannot do
this, there is a need to review the current classification of diabetes. (Int J Diabetes Metab 15:60-61, 2007)
Effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Cassia auriculata L. flowers on diabetes using alloxan induced diabetic rats
Authors: Hakkim F. Lukmanul , Girija S. , Kumar R.S. , Jalaludeen M.D.
Published: August 2024

In the present study the antidiabetic potential of aqueous and ethanol extract of Cassia auriculata L. flowers was assessed in
alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity were made in these extracts. Antidiabetic
agents (Flavonoids and phenolic acids) and free radical scavenging activity in water-soluble fraction of the ethanol extract
was higher compared to that of aqueous extract. Diabetic rats showed increase in blood glucose (P<0.01) and decrease in
plasma insulin (P<0.01) levels after 48 hrs of alloxan administration. The oral administration of water-soluble fraction of the
ethanol extract at a dose of 0.25 and 0.5g/kg of body of weight, for 30 days exhibited a significant (P<0.001) reduction in the
blood glucose level and a remarkable increase in plasma insulin level compared to the aqueous extract-treated rats and
diabetic control. The level of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly (P<0.01) increased in diabetic rats.
The marker enzymes of liver toxicity such as serum alanine transaminase (ALT), serum aspartate transaminase (AST), serum
acid phosphatase (ACP), and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were elevated significantly (P<0.01) in diabetic control. The
liver glycogen and glycogen synthase levels were also increased significantly (P<0.01) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In
addition changes in the body weight and food intake were also analyzed in diabetic and the extracts-treated rats. Treatment
with water soluble fraction of ethanol extract and aqueous extract of C. auriculata flowers restored the above altered
parameters significantly in diabetic animals. The water soluble fraction of the ethanol extract showed a more efficient
antihyperglycemic effect compared to the aqueous extract.
Oxidative stress in first degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Rizvi Syed Ibrahim , Srivastava Neeti
Published: August 2024

Epidemiological studies on twins and families have provided a strong correlation for genetic factors contributing to etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with oxidative stress, which can be a consequence of either increased production of free radicals, reduced antioxidant defense or both. The present work was undertaken to study known markers of erythrocyte oxidative stress: malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in first degree relatives of T2DM patients, and plasma antioxidant status in an effort to understand the role of oxidative stress in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Our results show that the antioxidant potential of the plasma is 14% lower in first degree relatives, the intracellular GSH is lower by 9% and lipid peroxidation measured in terms of MDA is elevated by 20%, compared to normal controls. These findings show that an impaired redox balance may be a cause for disturbance of homeostasis in type 2 diabetic families even before the development of the disease. We hypothesize that that oxidative stress precedes the development of overt diabetic state.
Acute red wine consumption elevates plasma insulin and decreases plasma glucose in women during an oral glucose tolerance test
Authors: Abraham Kirk A.
Published: August 2024

Epidemiological studies have shown that moderate wine consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but the physiological mechanisms have not been elucidated. While relatively few studies have evaluated the effects of chronic wine consumption on glucose metabolism, the acute effects of wine have not been described. Therefore, we evaluated the glucose and insulin responses during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) in six healthy women, 60 min after ingestion of either water or red wine (2.5 ml/kg BW). Blood samples were taken 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after ingestion of 75 g glucose and plasma was analyzed for glucose and insulin concentrations at each time point. Red wine elevated the plasma insulin response at 30 min (23%, p = 0.003) and resulted in lower plasma glucose concentrations at 60, 90, and 120 minutes (p < 0.05). Area under the curve for glucose was significantly reduced after wine consumption (p = 0.01) while area under the curve for insulin was similar after each treatment. Although insulin sensitivity was seemingly unaltered, ingestion of red wine resulted in significantly lower plasma glucose levels between 1 and 2 hours after ingestion of glucose, which may at least partially explain the improved glucose tolerance associated with moderate wine consumption.
Antidiabetic effects afforded by Terminalia arjuna in high fat-fed and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Parveen Kehkashan , Khan Parveen , A Siddiqui Waseem
Published: August 2024

The present study was design to evaluate the beneficial effects of Terminalia arjuna (TA) extract on hyperglycemia, lipid profile, renal damage markers and oxidative stress in the liver and pancreas of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats. T2DM was induced by feeding rats with high-fat diet (HFD; 40%) for two weeks followed by single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Control and diabetic rats were treated with TA (500 mg/kg) for four weeks. After TA treatment, blood was drawn and rats were then sacrificed, and their liver and pancreas were dissected out for biochemical assays. The level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) significantly (P < 0.05) increased while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and hepatic glycogen decreased in the HFD/STZ group. TA treatment augmented these effects in the HFD/STZ + TA group. The HFD/STZ group showed elevated renal injury markers in serum, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by TA treatment. Moreover, treatment with TA significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), malonaldehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC), and glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) in liver and pancreas of HFD/STZ group. The study suggests that TA is effective in reducing hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress related to the risk of diabetes. Thus, it may have a therapeutic value for the treatment of T2DM.
Decreased expression of leptin receptors in non obese insulin resistant hepatitis C patients with high serum leptin level
Authors: Ajaz Saima , Siddiq Amer , Naveed Abdul Khaliq , Azeem Zahid , Hashim Rizwan , Khan Farooq , Ahmad Tausif
Published: August 2024

Hepatitis C is a chronic and pestilent disease showing a strong association with diabetes. The mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of diabetes in association with hepatitis C remains to be identified. Leptin, a multifunctional cytokine secreted from adipocytes has been found to have high level in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. Leptin actions after remaining a mystery for many years are now finally beginning to yield some of its molecular secrets. Throughout this decade powerful new molecular approaches have revolutionized and broadened our molecular insight regarding the role of leptin in different diseases. The present study was designed to explore and substantiate the role of leptin in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in hepatitis C infected patients. Serum leptin levels and insulin resistance in diagnosed cases of hepatitis C were measured and the expression of leptin and leptin receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was ascertained by mRNA quantification. We discovered high serum leptin levels with decreased expression of leptin receptors in insulin resistant as compared with non insulin resistant HCV patients and normal individuals. This association of leptin resistance with insulin resistance in HCV patients through leptin receptor down regulation points towards a novel steps in mechanism implicated in disease pathogenesis which can lead to more targeted approach to therapy.
Different Expression Profiles of Exosomal circRNAs from Apheresis Platelets during Storage
Authors: Liu Jingfu , Chen Shan , Li Zhen , Lu Rong , Ye Xianren
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Bioactive substances of stored platelets change during the stored periods. Exosomes are reported to be increased during platelet storage. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are one of the main components in exosomes. It is the purpose of this study to investigate the different expression of exosomal circRNAs during storage. Methods: Apheresis platelets were collected from 7 healthy volunteers and stored in platelet storage bags for 1 day or 5 days. We isolated exosomes by ultracentrifugation and characterized exosomes by transmission electron microscopy, nano-flow cytometry, and Western blot. We conducted microarray analysis to detect changes in the exosomal circRNAs from apheresis platelets during storage, and qRT-PCR to validate their expressions. To analyze the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of circRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) targets were predicted based on interactions of circRNAs/miRNAs and miRNAs/mRNAs, using TargetScan and miRanda. A ceRNA network was constructed by Cytoscape. The targeted mRNAs were performed for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis by the DAVID. Results: Microarray analysis revealed that 61 differentially expressed circRNAs between day 1 and day 5. Thirty-one circRNAs of these are upregulated, while 30 circRNAs are downregulated. A ceRNA visualized network includes 9 circRNAs, 48 miRNAs, and 117 mRNAs. There were 117 mRNAs enriched in 203 GO terms and 9 KEGG pathways based on the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Conclusion: We identified 61 dysregulated exosomal circRNAs from apheresis platelets during storage. The study provided insights into the underlying mechanisms of platelet storage lesion.
Peripartum Haemorrhage: Haemostatic Aspects of the Updated Peripartum Haemorrhage Guideline of the German-Speaking Countries
Authors: Lier Heiko , Annecke Thorsten , Girard Thierry , Pfanner Georg , Korte Wolfgang , Tiebel Oliver , Schlembach Dietmar , von Heymann Christian
Published: August 2024

Background: Peripartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a potentially life-threatening complication. Although still rare, the incidence of peripartal haemorrhage is rising in industrialised countries and refractory bleeding remains among the leading causes of death in the peripartal period. Summary: The interdisciplinary German, Austrian, and Swiss guideline on “Peripartum Haemorrhage: Diagnostics and Therapies” has reviewed the evidence for the diagnostics and medical, angiographic, haemostatic, and surgical treatment and published an update in September 2022 . This article reviews the updated recommendations regarding the early diagnosis and haemostatic treatment of PPH. Keystones of the guideline recommendations are the early diagnosis of the bleeding by measuring blood loss using calibrated collector bags, the development of a multidisciplinary treatment algorithm adapted to the severity of bleeding, and the given infrastructural conditions of each obstetric unit, the early and escalating use of uterotonics, the therapeutic, instead of preventative, use of tranexamic acid, the early diagnostics of progressive deficiencies of coagulation factors or platelets to facilitate a tailored and guided haemostatic treatment with coagulation factors, platelets as well as packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma when a massive transfusion is required. Key Messages: Essential for the effective and safe treatment of PPH is the timely diagnosis. The diagnosis of PPH requires the measurement rather than estimation of blood loss. Successful treatment of PPH consists of a multidisciplinary approach involving surgical and haemostatic treatments to stop the bleeding. Haemostatic treatment of PPH starts early after diagnosis and combines tranexamic acid, an initially ratio-driven transfusion with RBC:plasma:PC = 4:4:1 (when using pooled or apheresis PC) and finally a goal-directed substitution with coagulation factor concentrates for proven deficiencies. Early monitoring of coagulation either by standard parameters or viscoelastic methods facilitates goal-directed haemostatic treatment.
Low-Chloride Diet Prevents the Development of Arterial Hypertension and Protects Kidney Function in Angiotensin II-Infused Mice
Authors: Liberona Jessica , Araos Patricio , Rodríguez Marcelo , León Pablo , Stutzin Andrés , Alzamora Rodrigo , Michea Luis
Published: August 2024

Introduction: A comprehensive pathophysiological mechanism to explain the relationship between high-salt intake and hypertension remains undefined. Evidence suggests that chloride, as the accompanying anion of sodium in dietary salt, is necessary to develop hypertension. We evaluated whether reducing dietary Cl− while keeping a standard Na+ intake modified blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, renal function, and vascular contractility after angiotensin II (AngII) infusion. Methods: C56BL/6J mice fed with standard Cl− diet or a low-Cl− diet (equimolar substitution of Cl− by a mixture of Na+ salts, both diets with standard Na+ content) received AngII (infusion of 1.5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 14 days. We measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), natriuretic response to acute saline load, and contractility of aortic rings from mice infused with vehicle and AngII, in standard and low-Cl− diet. Results: The mice fed the standard diet presented increased SBP and cardiac hypertrophy after AngII infusion. In contrast, low-Cl− diet prevented the increase of SBP and cardiac hypertrophy. AngII-infused mice fed a standard diet presented hampered natriuretic response to saline load, meanwhile the low-Cl− diet preserved natriuretic response in AngII-infused mice, without change in GFR. Aortic rings from mice fed with standard diet or low-Cl− diet and infused with AngII presented a similar contractile response. Conclusion: We conclude that the reduction in dietary Cl− as the accompanying anion of sodium in salt is protective from AngII pro-hypertensive actions due to a beneficial effect on kidney function and preserved natriuresis.
Inadvertent Intoxication with Salbutamol, Treated with Hemodialysis: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Bezeljak Neva , Jerman Alexander , Grenc Damjan , Krzisnik Zorman Simona
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Salbutamol is a moderately selective beta-2-adrenergic agonist. Various side effects can occur because of beta-1 and beta-2 receptor activation. Due to the large volume of distribution, it is not considered dialyzable. Case Presentation: A patient with salbutamol intoxication, which developed as a result of a medical error in a patient with sepsis, Down syndrome, and liver cirrhosis, is presented. Initial treatment was partially successful and antibiotic adjustments were made. After his respiratory failure worsened, the patient needed non-invasive ventilation, and previously undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was suspected. He was prescribed intravenous methylprednisolone but accidently received 5 mg of salbutamol (albuterol), which led to immediate severe arrhythmic tachycardia with hemodynamic collapse. After unsuccessful cardioversion and treatment with landiolol infusion, salvage hemodialysis was commenced to decrease suspectedly highly elevated serum salbutamol levels. After 30 min, sinus rhythm with normocardia was observed. After the hemodialysis termination, no rebound tachycardia was noted, but due to severe septic shock, the hypotension was ongoing and vasoactive medications were adjusted. However, the measured levels of plasma salbutamol and data from literature do not support the view that hemodialysis was the cause of the described improvement: the total amount of the drug cleared was very small (2.8% of total dose). Conclusion: Our results confirm a large volume of salbutamol distribution; the measured levels are within observed therapeutic levels; and the measured half-life time during hemodialysis (3.1 h) is comparable to observed half-life times in therapeutic settings. The observed favorable clinical benefit associated with dialysis may be fortuitous, highlighting potential bias toward positive clinical outcomes and unproven (“salvage”) therapies.
Atypical Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Masquerading as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Duran Munevver , Shieh David , Choi Preston , He Yu-Guang , Ufret-Vincenty Rafael L.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: We aimed to describe a clinical presentation of central serous retinopathy that poses a diagnostic and management dilemma. Case Presentation: A 30-year-old male patient presented with bilateral vision loss and multifocal serous retinal detachments involving the posterior pole of both eyes. Optical coherence tomography revealed prominent bilateral bacillary layer detachments. The patient complained of recent headaches and tinnitus. However, the clinical exam did not reveal overt inflammation and the patient admitted to being under significant stress. The clinical presentation raised concerns for both central serous retinopathy (CSR) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH). Additional findings, including white fundus spots and focal areas of retinal vascular leakage, were seen in our patient. We highlight these because, while they have been described in CSR, they are not commonly discussed and could add to the diagnostic dilemma. After a conservative approach that avoided steroids, our patient showed marked improvement over the following month, supporting a diagnosis of CSR. Conclusion: CSR can mimic VKH disease. A high level of suspicion is needed to avoid instituting steroid therapy that could induce a severe iatrogenic exacerbation of the disease.
Side Effects of Stem Cell Transplant Mimicking Symptoms of Known Amyloidosis
Authors: Heering Gabriel , Lin Zilan , Rosman Michael , Hara Nao , Shakil Fouzia , Georgostathis Dimitrios
Published: August 2024

Introduction: AL amyloidosis can involve the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in a sporadic manner, affecting certain anatomical areas while sparing others. Case Presentation: Our patient with AL amyloidosis and confirmed colonic involvement was found to have new odynophagia, GI bleeding, and imaging findings that might suggest AL amyloidosis. However, negative pathology results from esophageal biopsies suggested the patient’s new ulcerations were more likely a side effect of her autologous stem cell transplant (SCT) and chemotherapy meant to target amyloidosis, as opposed to an effect of amyloid infiltration itself. Conclusion: GI involvement of amyloidosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion and should be considered in patients with systemic diseases affecting the kidney, heart, and GI tract; however, when satisfactory biopsies obtained from endoscopy results are negative, other causes should be considered.
Porocarcinoma of the Groin: A Case Report
Authors: Myers Hannah E. , Pennycook Keith , Hammel Joshua
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Porocarcinoma is a rare skin cancer that arises from the intraepidermal ducts of sweat glands. It is classically found in the 60–70-year-old age group, and lesions are most commonly reported on the head and neck or lower extremities. Case Presentation: This case focuses on a 49-year-old man who presented to an outpatient dermatology clinic with a growing, painful nodule in his right groin. A shave biopsy was conducted and resulted in a diagnosis of a porocarcinoma. Conclusion: Porocarcinoma is an extremely rare skin cancer that most commonly occurs on the head, neck, or lower extremities of 60–70-year-olds. This report details the interesting findings of a porocarcinoma in an unexpected location and age group and reviews pertinent literature.