bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hayek’s Submissive Subjects: Response to Son
Authors: Whyte Jessica
Published: October 2018

Friedrich Hayek repeatedly stressed the centrality of submission to his own account of spontaneous order. In what he depicted as the rationalist refusal to submit to anything beyond human comprehension, he saw a threat to the “spontaneous order” of a market society. Kyong-Min Son’s criticism of my account of the neoliberal subject provides me with an opportunity to further specify my understanding of the submissive disposition of the Hayekian subject. In this brief reply, I defend the claim that Hayek saw the complexity and opacity of the market order as constraining the possibility of collective political intervention that aims to alter the outcomes of market competition. While Hayek theorized a subject who was actively invested in the competitive “game,” the premise of this investment was submission to the rules of the market and acceptance of its outcomes as a form of fate.
Factors That Affect Quality of Life in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kent Denise A. , Quinn Laurie
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine in young adults (18-35 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) factors known to be associated with quality of life: fear of complications (including hypoglycemia), self-efficacy for diabetes self-management, and self-management of diabetes.

Methods

Participants ( N = 180) completed online a Demographic/General Health Survey, Diabetes Quality of Life Measure, Hypoglycemia Fear Scale, Fear of Complications Questionnaire, Diabetes Behavior Rating Scale, Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Self-Management, and Diabetes Knowledge Test.

Results

Multiple linear regression showed that quality of life was significantly associated with fear of hypoglycemia, fear of complications, and self-efficacy. Quality of life was not associated with either diabetes self-management behaviors or diabetes knowledge.

Conclusions

Although participants demonstrated appropriate self-management behaviors and moderate self-efficacy, on the Diabetes Quality of Life Instrument, they reported high dissatisfaction with the burden that diabetes places on their families and the amount of time it takes to manage their diabetes. Quality of life was significantly positively correlated with fear of hypoglycemia and fear of complications. Quality of life was significantly negatively correlated with self-efficacy. These observations suggest that, as fear of hypoglycemia and fear of complications increase, quality of life decreases, and as self-efficacy increases, so does quality of life. Thus, fear of hypoglycemia, fear of complications, and self-efficacy may be appropriate primary outcomes to use in interventions designed to improve quality of life in young adults with T1DM. Findings from this study extend our understanding of being a young adult with T1DM.
BlindDate recommender: A context-aware ontology-based dating recommendation platform
Authors: Rodríguez-García Miguel Ángel , Valencia-García Rafael , Colomo-Palacios Ricardo , Gómez-Berbís Juan Miguel
Published: October 2018

Online dating sites have become popular platforms for those individuals who utilise the Internet to develop a personal or romantic relationship. Unlike typical recommenders systems, which attempt to suggest items such as films, songs, books and so on. According to a user’s interests, dating recommender systems provide services that people can use to find potential romantic partners. Since these services have a higher expectancy of users, online dating sites are considering the introduction of recommender systems in order to build an improved dating network. Different kinds of techniques based on content-based, collaborative filtering or hybrid techniques exist. In this article, we introduce BlindDate recommender, a context-based platform that utilises semantic technologies to describe users’ preferences more precisely. We utilise DBPedia repositories to obtain information that is subsequently used to enrich a previously generated ontology model. The instances inserted into the ontology enable the matching algorithms that we have generated to identify potential matches between users. In order to validate the performance of the platform, we utilise a real-world data set that has produced relevant results enhancing the accuracy compared with other well-known approaches and identifying the discriminant parameters used in the dating domain. More specifically, the proposed approach attains 0.79, 0.8 and 0.55 in the I-Precision, I-Recall and I-F-measure, respectively, when employed in separate topics.
A user ranking algorithm for efficient information management of community sites using spectral clustering and folksonomy
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Nagwani Naresh Kumar , Pandey Sudhakar
Published: October 2018

Community question answering (CQA) sites are the major platform for information sharing where posts are created by users as questions and answers. A large number of posts are created on a day-to-day basis, which raise the problem of information management of these sites. Multiple techniques are suggested in existing research for efficient management of CQA sites. Many of the existing techniques used the user ranking for managing the CQA sites but ignored the tagging data and user subject area. In this article, a user ranking method is derived using spectral clustering for posts management by considering the tagging data of CQA sites. Folksonomy is used to build relationship between tags, posts and users. The proposed method is developed in three stages. In first stage, the folksonomy relation is created and user similarity graph is built with the help of tag frequency-inverse post frequency and text similarity techniques. In the second stage, spectral clustering algorithm is applied on user similarity graph to group the similar users. Finally, in third stage, rank of users is identified from the clusters based on user’s information. The clustered users and rank of the users are generated as the output of the proposed algorithm that can provide a way of efficient information management. The experimental results show that the proposed user ranking algorithm outperforms the other considered ranking algorithms and can be helpful for information management of CQA sites. Some real-life applications of information management in CQA sites using the proposed work are also demonstrated in this article.
Predeath Grief, Resourcefulness, and Perceived Stress Among Caregivers of Partners With Young-Onset Dementia
Authors: Kobiske Karie Ruekert , Bekhet Abir K. , Garnier-Villarreal Mauricio , Frenn Marilyn
Published: October 2018

More than 200,000 Americans are currently diagnosed with young-onset dementia (YOD). YOD is dementia diagnosed prior to the age of 65. Most persons of YOD are cared for by their partners. Using the theoretical framework of Resilience Theory, this cross-sectional, correlational study examined the moderating effects of personal and social resourcefulness on the relationship between predeath grief and perceived stress among 104 YOD caregiving partners (life partners/spouses) using an online survey platform. Results indicated a large positive correlation between predeath grief and caregiver perceived stress ( r = .65; p < .001). Together predeath grief, personal resourcefulness and social resourcefulness explained 51.5% of the variance in perceived stress. Personal resourcefulness did not moderate the relationship. Social resourcefulness did positively moderate this relationship between predeath grief and perceived stress. These findings allow for a better understanding of the caregiving experience for a partner with YOD and creates opportunities for future research studies.
Serial Labor Migration: Precarity and Itinerancy among Filipino and Indonesian Domestic Workers
Authors: Parreñas Rhacel Salazar , Silvey Rachel , Hwang Maria Cecilia , Choi Carolyn Areum
Published: October 2018

This article examines the mobility patterns of migrant domestic workers in the United Arab Emirates. It identifies and explains the emergence of serial labor migration, which we define as the multi-country, itinerant labor migration patterns of temporary low-skilled migrant workers. It argues that policy contexts shaping temporary labor migration, as they impose precarious and prohibitive conditions of settlement in both countries of origin and destination, produce the itinerancy of low-skilled migrant workers. We offer a holistic analysis of the migration process of temporary labor migrants, shifting away from a singular focus on the process of emigration, integration, or return and toward an examination of each stage as a co-constitutive step in the migration cycle. Our analytic approach enables us to illustrate the state of precarity and itinerancy that follows low-wage migrant workers across the various stages of the migration cycle and produces serial migration patterns among migrant domestic workers from the Philippines and Indonesia.
Symptom prevalence and quality of life of patients with end-stage liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Jen-Kuei , Hepgul Nilay , Higginson Irene J , Gao Wei
Published: October 2018

Background:

End-stage liver disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet little is known about its symptomatology and impact on health-related quality of life.

Aim:

To describe symptom prevalence and health-related quality of life of patients with end-stage liver disease to improve care.

Design:

Systematic review.

Data sources:

We searched eight electronic databases from January 1980 to June 2018 for studies investigating symptom prevalence or health-related quality of life of adult patients with end-stage liver disease. No language restrictions were applied. Meta-analyses were performed where appropriate.

Results:

We included 80 studies: 35 assessing symptom prevalence, 41 assessing health-related quality of life, and 4 both. The instruments assessing symptoms varied across studies. The most frequently reported symptoms were as follows: pain (prevalence range 30%–79%), breathlessness (20%–88%), muscle cramps (56%–68%), sleep disturbance (insomnia 26%–77%, daytime sleepiness 29.5%–71%), and psychological symptoms (depression 4.5%–64%, anxiety 14%–45%). Erectile dysfunction was prevalent (53%–93%) in men. The health-related quality of life of patients with end-stage liver disease was significantly impaired when compared to healthy controls or patients with chronic liver disease. Compared with compensated cirrhosis, decompensation led to significant worsening of both components of the 36-Item Short Form Survey although to a larger degree for the Physical Component Summary score (decrease from average 6.4 (95% confidence interval: 4.0–8.8); p < 0.001) than for the Mental Component Summary score (4.5 (95% confidence interval: 2.4–6.6); p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The symptom prevalence of patients with end-stage liver disease resembled that of patients with other advanced conditions. Given the diversity of symptoms and significantly impaired health-related quality of life, multidisciplinary approach and timely intervention are crucial.
Effects of Emotion on Medical Decisions Involving Tradeoffs
Authors: Ellis Erin M. , Klein William M.P. , Orehek Edward , Ferrer Rebecca A.
Published: October 2018

Risk perceptions for a disease can motivate use of medications that reduce disease risk. However, these medications are often accompanied by elevated risks for other adverse health effects, and perceived risk of these side effects may also influence decisions. Emotions experienced at the time of a decision influence risk judgments and decision making, and they may be important to examine in these tradeoff contexts. This study examined the effect of experimentally induced fear and anger on risk perceptions and willingness to use a hypothetical medical treatment that attenuates risk of one condition but increases the risk for another. Participants ( N = 1948) completed an induction of fear, anger, or neutral emotion and then read about a hypothetical medication that reduced risk for one health condition but increased risk for another, and they indicated their willingness to use it. Deliberative, experiential, and affective risk perceptions about both health conditions were measured, conditional on taking and not taking the medication. Fear condition participants were more willing to take the medication than those in the neutral condition (β = 0.14; P = 0.009; 95% confidence interval, 0.036–0.25). Fear also increased deliberative, experiential, and affective risk when conditioned on not using the medication, Ps < 0.05. In contrast, anger did not influence willingness to use the medication ( P = 0.22) and increased deliberative and affective risk of side effects when conditioned on using the medication ( P < 0.05). As one of the first studies to examine how emotion influences tradeoff decision making, these findings extend our understanding of how fear and anger influence such decisions.
Pushing Too Hard? Unattainable Organizational Goals and Frontline Employee Turnover
Authors: Stritch Justin M. , Molina Angel Luis , Favero Nathan
Published: October 2018

The creation of organization-level performance goals has evolved into a ubiquitous facet of the study and practice of public management. In this article, we theoretically and empirically examine the relationship between unattainable organizational goals and collective frontline employee turnover, and consider the moderating role of a public organization’s performance context on the relationship. While the findings indicate a positive relationship between unattainable goals and collective frontline employee turnover, the effect is conditional on organizational performance. The research offers nuanced insights into the establishment of goals in public organizations and has important implications for managing personnel on the frontlines of public service delivery.
Circumferential Liposuction of the Female Arm
Authors: Boeni Roland
Published: October 2018

Traditionally, liposuction of the upper arms addresses only the posterolateral aspect. We evaluated the efficacy of circumferential arm liposuction in a larger series of patients. Power-assisted tumescent liposuction in local anesthesia was performed on 79 female patients with enlarged upper arms. All patients showed an immediately visible reduction of the circumference of the upper arms and there was a significantly improved skin tightening effect. There were no complications. Circumferential liposuction of the upper arms is a not very well known, superior technique to reduce arm fat, which obviates skin excision in most cases. Using this approach, surgeons can expand their client base by including elderly and obese patients with skin ptosis who seek leaner and athletic looking arms without scars.
Understanding Forced Marriage in the United States: Developing Measures, Examining its Nature, and Assessing Gender Disparities
Authors: Esthappan Sino , Bastomski Sara , Zweig Janine , Dank Meredith , Love Hanna
Published: October 2018

In Western European countries and Canada, an emerging scholarly literature has helped inform awareness and prevention efforts and justice system responses to address forced marriages. But, little is known about this issue in the United States. The present study, the first large scale examination of forced marriage prevalence in the United States, surveys a national sample of Internet users over 18 years of age. Using a Google Consumer Survey platform, this exploratory study seeks to estimate prevalence of and gender disparities in forced marriages for this sample; examine conditions and circumstances associated with forced marriage; develop adequate measurement tools to identify individuals who have faced forced marriage; and better understand how and to what extent those experiencing forced marriage face psychological abuse from intimate partners and access victim services. Contrary to the experiences of legal and social service providers, findings indicate that more men than women reported forced marriage experiences. The discrepancy between this finding and prior research underscores the need to further develop survey measures and reconsider closed-ended, web-based survey screener questions such as the one used to identify respondents experiencing forced marriage in this study. These considerations may help identify victims with better precision and locate the underlying causes of gender disparities in forced marriage. In addition, many respondents reported entering forced marriages while facing concerns over their own or their family’s reputation and threats of harm (to themselves or self-harm of a family member).A majority of respondents also reported experiencing psychological intimate partner violence and seeking help, particularly from law enforcement and for medical assistance. This large overlap between forced marriage and psychological intimate partner violence, as well as between forced marriage and seeking help from law enforcement and medical assistance providers, indicates that service provision needs are notably acute for this population..
An Analysis of State Statutes Regarding the Role of Law Enforcement
Authors: Cortright Carly E. , McCann Wesley , Willits Dale , Hemmens Craig , Stohr Mary K.
Published: October 2018

Police officer roles are typically divided into either crime control or peacekeeping/order maintenance functions. With the prevalence of community-oriented policing (COP), the majority of an officer’s duties are ostensibly more order maintenance in nature, but in the post-Ferguson world, the crime-fighting, warrior cop mentality still holds firm, which is in conflict with the tenets of COP. State statutes dictate the legal role of police officer and prior analyses demonstrated a shift over time toward including more order maintenance tasks following the emergence of COP. This analysis reexamines these statutes to determine if this shift continued. Our findings indicate a counterintuitive reversal in the trend, with more states removing order maintenance and peacekeeping duties from their statutes despite the wide dominance of COP.
State Boards of Education: Lesser Known Policy Actors
Authors: Young Michelle D. , VanGronigen Bryan A. , Reynolds Amy Luelle
Published: October 2018

Few scholars have engaged in close examinations of state boards of education (SBOEs), their make-up, or the broader implications of their influence over time. SBOE membership, authority, and impact differ significantly across the 50 states. This article reports findings from an exploratory study of three SBOEs and their role as policy actors. Thinking about SBOEs as policy actors focuses attention not only on the power, authority, and policy-making functions of SBOEs, but also on the individuals who serve on SBOEs, their actions, and the discourses constructed through the performance of their policy work.
Prognostics for an actuator based on an ensemble of support vector regression and particle filter
Authors: Guo Runxia , Sui Jianfei
Published: October 2018

The accurate prognostics for actuator malfunctions is a challenging task. Developing reliable prognostics methods is vital for providing reasonable preventive maintenance. Particle filter has been proved to be a prevailing approach to cope with actuator prognostics problems. However, the measurement function in the particle filter algorithm cannot be obtained in the prediction process. To this end, this article presents a hybrid framework combining support vector regression and particle filter. To accomplish the accurate prognostics for actuator fault of civil aircraft and provide the reliable “measurements” for the subsequent particle filter algorithm, the traditional support vector regression algorithm needs to be improved, and the error confidence level is imported to evaluate the usability of the support vector regression prediction output quantitatively. In addition, an improved particle filter based on Kendall correlation coefficient is put forward to address the problem of particles’ degeneracy. The experimental results are presented, demonstrating that the support vector regression–particle filter hybrid framework has satisfactory performance with better prognostics accuracy and higher fault resolution than traditional approaches.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Stroke: A Systematic Review of Literature in Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research
Authors: Zheng Haiqing , Zhang Bin , Chhatbar Pratik Y. , Dong Yi , Alawieh Ali , Lowe Forrest , Hu Xiquan , Feng Wuwei
Published: October 2018

Exogenous stem cell therapy (SCT) has been recognized recently as a promising neuroregenerative strategy to augment recovery in stroke survivors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the primary source of stem cells used in the majority of both pre-clinical and clinical studies in stroke. In the absence of evidence-based guidelines on the use of SCT in stroke patients, understanding the progress of MSC research across published studies will assist researchers and clinicians in better achieving success in translating research. We conducted a systematic review on published literature using MSCs in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials between 2008 and 2017 using the public databases PubMed and Ovid Medline, and the clinical trial registry ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ). A total of 78 pre-clinical studies and eight clinical studies were identified. While majority of the pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated statistically significant effects, the clinical significance of these findings was still unclear. Effect sizes could not be measured mainly due to reporting issues in pre-clinical studies, thus limiting our ability to compare results across studies quantitatively. The overall quality of both pre-clinical and clinical studies was sub-optimal. By conducting a systematic review of both pre-clinical and clinical studies on MSCs therapy in stroke, we assessed the quality of current evidence and identified several issues and gaps in translating animal studies to human trials. Addressing these issues and incorporating changes into future animal studies and human trials may lead to better success of stem cells-based therapeutics in the near future.
Family-Based Health Insurance for Informal Sector Workers in Vietnam: Why Does Enrolment Remain Low?
Authors: Thi Thuy Nga Nguyen , FitzGerald Gerard , Dunne Michael
Published: October 2018

Providing financial protection to the whole population is a top health policy priority of many countries. However, expanding social health insurance coverage to the “informal sector worker” is a challenge in many developing countries. This study analyzed the reasons for the limited coverage of health insurance for informal sector workers. Direct interviews were carried out with 391 uninsured households in Vietnam, followed by in-depth interviews with 11 key stakeholders. The study offers several possible explanations for the low enrollment in family-based health insurance scheme at both the demand and supply sides, such as inability to pay the premium, lack of information, perceived poor quality of primary health care services, and complicated enrollment procedures. The study suggests that a partial government subsidy and improvement in the quality of primary health care are crucial strategies for health insurance expansion for the informal sector workers and their families.
Control Conditions That Are Neither Usual Care Nor No Treatment in Randomized Trials of Psychoeducational Palliative Care Interventions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kim Hyejin , Park Eliza M. , Henry Carrie , Ward Sandra E. , Song Mi-Kyung
Published: October 2018

Background:

Determining intervention efficacy depends as much on the control group as on the intervention, but little attention has been given to the control condition in psychoeducational trials in palliative care.

Objectives:

To examine (1) research practice regarding control conditions that are neither usual care nor no-treatment controls in randomized trials of psychoeducational palliative care interventions and (2) the rationale and completeness of the descriptions of control conditions in trial reports.

Methods:

PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched. After screening 1603 articles, 70 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. The final sample included 9 trial reports. We used the Delphi list for quality assessment and the modified intervention taxonomy checklist to assess active intervention and control conditions.

Results:

Four trials used an attention control designed to be equivalent to the structure of the active intervention. In another 4, the control condition included some aspects of attention control such that the mode of contact was similar to that in the active intervention, but either the amount or the intensity of attention was not similar. Only 3 trial reports explicitly stated the rationale for the choice of control condition. Although most reports contained delivery mode, materials, duration, frequency, and sequence, none described the qualifications or training required to deliver the control condition. Only 1 report mentioned the fidelity monitoring method, and none included fidelity data.

Conclusion:

Our review of psychoeducational trials in palliative care calls for researchers’ attention to appropriate selection, design, conduct and report of control conditions.
Tildrakizumab: A Review of Phase II and III Clinical Trials
Authors: Kolli Sree S. , Gabros Sarah D. , Pona Adrian , Cline Abigail , Feldman Steven R.
Published: October 2018

Objective: Tildrakizumab, an inhibitor of the p19 subunit of interleukin (IL)-23, was recently Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. This article will review the phase II and III clinical trial data of tildrakizumab. Data Sources: A PubMed search from January 2000 to September 2018 was done with the search terms tildrakizumab, guselkumab, risankizumab, p19, interleukin-23, and psoriasis. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles discussing phase II and III clinical trial data for tildrakizumab were selected. Data Synthesis: In phase II and phase III trials, tildrakizumab was safe and efficacious compared with placebo and etanercept. More patients achieved Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 75 receiving tildrakizumab (200 mg, 62%-74%; 100 mg, 61%-66%; 25 mg, 64%; 5 mg, 33%) compared with placebo (4%-6%, P < 0.0001) and etanercept (48%, P = 0.01). More patients achieved Physician Global Assessment (PGA) response of “clear” or “minimal” receiving tildrakizumab (200 mg, 59%; 100 mg, 55%-58%) than the placebo group (4%-7%, P < 0.0001). 59% of patients who received tildrakizumab 200 mg achieved a PGA response of “clear” or “minimal” compared with etanercept (48%, P = 0.0031). The most common adverse effect was infection. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Tildrakizumab is a new, FDA-approved, physician-administered biological therapy for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. It appears to be efficacious and safe so far. Conclusion: Tildrakizumab is efficacious and safe for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. IL-23/p19 inhibitors are a promising class of biological therapy.
The Efficacy of the Family Check-Up on Children’s Emotional and Behavior Problems in Early Elementary School
Authors: Garbacz S. Andrew , McIntyre Laura Lee , Stormshak Elizabeth A. , Kosty Derek B.
Published: October 2018

This study reports results of a randomized, controlled trial examining the efficacy of the Family Check-Up (FCU) initiated during kindergarten on teacher report of children’s emotional and behavior problems in first and second grade. Children’s emotional and behavior needs and the receipt of special services in school at pretest were examined as moderators. Participants were primary caregivers and teachers of 365 children in early elementary school. Using an intent-to-treat approach, results indicated children in the FCU condition outperformed children in a business-as-usual control condition on teacher report of emotional and behavior problems in first and second grade. Children experiencing higher levels of emotional and behavior problems at pretest benefited from the FCU more than did children who experienced lower levels of problems. There was no evidence of moderation by whether children received special services in school. Implications for family-centered interventions, study limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
Exploring the Networks of News Production: Frame Building and Source Use During the 2014 U.S. Midterm Elections
Authors: Conway-Silva Bethany Anne
Published: October 2018

This study of the 2014 U.S. midterm congressional elections examined whether connections across sources within newspaper coverage predicted framing outcomes. Conceptualized as an aspect of frame building, symbolic source networks within articles were examined using social network analysis and multilevel modeling. Results suggest network density within a given article predicted the likelihood that a source was linked to the strategic game frame and issue frame in election coverage. By nesting sources within networks, this study extends our understanding of frame building and collective sense-making in politics. It also demonstrates the utility of social network concepts and measures for research on news production.
Making It Personal: Developing Sustainability Leaders in Business
Authors: Haney Aoife Brophy , Pope Jenny , Arden Zoë
Published: October 2018

Sustainability challenges present organizations in many industries with the need to change. Leaders are critical to the process of becoming more sustainable, and yet leading change for sustainability requires new competencies. Learning at an individual level is central to developing new competencies; however, there has been limited focus to date in the literature on corporate sustainability on how leaders can learn to respond to sustainability challenges. In this article, we focus on how managers learn to become sustainability leaders in their organizations by exploring the phenomenon of experiential learning programmes. We do this by interviewing participants and organizers of four programmes about what they learned and how the programmes helped them achieve these learning outcomes. We find that the programmes supported the development of understanding, personal connection, and empowerment to act for sustainability. In particular, making sustainability personal for participants led to deep learning in each of these three areas. We contribute to conversations in the corporate sustainability literature on the potential for individuals within organizations to respond to and connect with sustainability issues in different ways. We also contribute to the literature on education for sustainability and provide practical implications for experiential learning programmes in business and business education.
Relative Tax Rates, Proximity, and Cigarette Tax Noncompliance: Evidence from a National Sample of Littered Cigarette Packs
Authors: Wang Shu , Merriman David , Chaloupka Frank
Published: October 2018

We analyze data about cigarette tax compliance from the first US-based national scale littered cigarette packs collection. We code each pack based on whether an appropriate tax had been paid at the location where it was found. Noncompliance across our 132 sample communities ranges from 0 percent to 100 percent with an appropriately weighted mean of 21 percent. We provide evidence that noncompliance is due to both cross-border shopping and cigarette trafficking. Ordinary least squares and binomial logit regressions demonstrate that the financial incentive for noncompliance is the most important explanatory variable and has a statistically and quantitatively significant impact on noncompliance. We find mixed evidence about the extent to which tax avoidance varies with distance to lower-tax borders. Our simulations show that, even after accounting for increased noncompliance, virtually all areas in our study would experience increases in tax revenue if they increased cigarette tax rates.
How did adoption become a dirty word? Indigenous citizenship orders as Irreconcilable Spaces of Aboriginality
Authors: Horn-Miller Kahente
Published: October 2018

In the fall of 2016, the Kahnawà:ke Community Decision Making Process revised the Kahnawà:ke Law on Membership regarding adoption. It was decided that any non-Indigenous child adopted by a Kahnawà:ke family after 2003 would not be recognized as a Kanien’kehá:ka of Kahnawà:ke or an approved resident. Parents were committing an offense in adopting non-Indigenous children and would no longer be eligible to reside in Kahnawà:ke. This decision drew national and international attention, with some questioning the logic of targeting a practice so integral to many Indigenous legal orders. This article frames Rotinonhsiónni adoption, belonging, and identity formation beyond the confines of colonial thought. This might seem like a tall order given colonialism’s all-encompassing grasp on Indigenous minds and communities; indeed, we are all entangled in the colonial order. But there is a way to challenge this by moving beyond frameworks reliant on colonial control.
Urban Political Ecology of Worth and Value: Enacting Allotments in Media Discourse
Authors: Samec Tomáš , Gibas Petr
Published: October 2018

In this article, we propose to expand the field of urban political ecology (UPE) by analyzing the role of discourse in the production of urban nature. We exemplify our case by analyzing media discourses and exploring discursive modes of justification and hierarchies of worth mobilized in socialist and postsocialist struggles over allotments in what is now the Czech Republic. We unravel particular discursive strategies and arguments used to depoliticize the struggle and justify the abolishment of allotments. Using the example of allotments, we argue that incorporating a rigorous analysis of discourse in the scope and practice of UPE and paying close, explicit attention to how worth and value are mobilized might help us not only to better understand the complex processes of the production of socio-natures in (neoliberal) cities but also to empower UPE scholars with tools to further the fight for more just urban environments.
It’s important, but not important enough: eHealth as a curriculum priority in medical education in Australia
Authors: Edirippulige Sisira , Brooks Peter , Carati Colin , Wade Victoria A , Smith Anthony C , Wickramasinghe Sumudu , Armfield Nigel R
Published: October 2018

Information and communications technology has become central to the way in which health services are provided. Technology-enabled services in healthcare are often described as eHealth, or more recently, digital health.

Practitioners may require new knowledge, skills and competencies to make best use of eHealth, and while universities may be a logical place to provide such education and training, a study in 2012 found that the workforce was not being adequately educated to achieve competence to work with eHealth.

We revisited eHealth education and training in Australian universities with a focus on medical schools; we aimed to explore the progress of eHealth in the Australian medical curriculum.

We conducted a national interview study and interpretative phenomenological analysis with participants from all 19 medical schools in Australia; two themes emerged: (i) consensus on the importance of eHealth to current and future clinical practice; (ii) there are other priorities, and no strong drivers for change.

Systemic problems inhibit the inclusion of eHealth in medical education: the curriculum is described as ‘crowded’ and with competing demands, and because accrediting bodies do not expect eHealth competence in medical graduates, there is no external pressure for its inclusion. Unless and until accrediting bodies recognise and expect competence in eHealth, it is unlikely that it will enter the curriculum; consequently the future workforce will remain unprepared.
Transformative Pedagogy as Academic Performance: #ShimlaPark as a Plane of Immanence
Authors: Dick Liezl , Kruger Frans , Müller Marguerite , Mockie Angelo
Published: October 2018

In this performative text, we explore the events that unfolded around the #ShimlaPark incident on February 22, 2016, on the Bloemfontein campus of the University of the Free State (UFS), South Africa. The text consists of four voices; that of a student, an educator, theory, and the official report commissioned by the UFS after the #ShimlaPark incident. These voices are conceptualized as an assemblage of experience. We employ arts-based research as an affective event that enables us to generate new problems, to create new concepts that allow for the emergence of a different world.
Role of MicroRNAs Induced by Chinese Herbal Medicines Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Brief Review
Authors: Guo Ge , Zhou Juhua , Yang Xiaogaung , Feng Jiang , Shao Yanxia , Jia Tingting , Huang Qingrong , Li Yanmin , Zhong Yin , Nagarkatti Prakash S. , Nagarkatti Mitzi
Published: October 2018

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, noncoding small RNAs that regulate gene expression, and consequently several important functions including early embryo development, cell cycle, programmed cell death, cell differentiation, and metabolism. While there are no effective treatments available against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), some Chinese herbal medicines have been shown to regulate growth, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC. Many studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicines regulate the expression of miRNAs and this may be associated with their ability to control the development of HCC. In this article, the effects of Chinese herbal medicines on the expression of miRNAs and their functions in the regulation of HCC have been reviewed and discussed. miRNAs such as miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 mediated by Chinese herbal medicines may be good biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC.
Discerning Disparities: The Data Gap
Authors: Treadwell Henrie M. , Ro Marguerite , Sallad LaTonya , McCray Erica , Franklin Cheryl
Published: October 2018

Health disparities that focus on gender and on the ancillary dependent variables of race and ethnicity reflect continually early illness, compromised quality of life, and often premature and preventable deaths. The inability of the nation to eliminate disparities also track along race and gender in communities where a limited number of health-care providers and policymakers identify as being from these traditionally underserved and marginalized population groups. Epidemiologists and other researchers and analysts have traditionally failed to integrate the social determinants of health and other variables known to support upward mobility in their predictive analyses of health status. The poor, and poor men of color particularly, begin a descent to invisibility and separation that has been witnessed since the early days of this nation. This history has the majority of men of color mired in poverty or near poverty and has more substantively and explicitly affected both American Indians and Africans forced into immigration into the United States and into slavery. Other racial and ethnic groups including large distinct ethnic groups of Asian Americans and Hispanics/Latinx do not have their treatment by systems fully reported from a health and social justice perspective simply because the systems do not disaggregate by race and ethnicity. It is axiomatic that examining disparities through the lens of race, ethnicity, and gender provides a unique opportunity to reflect upon what is known about boys’ and men’s health, particularly men from communities of color, and about payment systems. Integration of all populations into the enumeration of morbidity, mortality, and disparity indices is a dynamic reflection of the vision and exclusive actions of decision makers.
Increasing Naloxone Access and Use to Prevent Opioid Overdose Death and Disability
Authors: White Nicole D.
Published: October 2018

In 2018, the Surgeon General released a public health advisory emphasizing the importance of naloxone in preventing opioid overdose deaths. Legislation is rapidly changing to simplify the process of obtaining naloxone by expanding who can receive and distribute the life-saving drug. Even with legislation in place expanding access to naloxone, the drug is underutilized and health care providers are responsible for ensuring these efforts are put to use within their practice. Legislative changes will be summarized and the role of the health care provider will be discussed.
Modulation of parafoveal word processing by cognitive load during modified visual search tasks
Authors: Dampuré Julien , Benraiss Abdelrhani , Vibert Nicolas
Published: October 2018

During visual search for simple items, the amount of information that can be processed in parafoveal vision depends on the cognitive resources that are available. However, whether this applies to the semantic processing of words remains controversial. This work was designed to manipulate simultaneously two sources of cognitive load to study their impact on the depth of parafoveal word processing during a modified visual search task. The participants had to search for target words among parafoveally presented semantic, orthographic or target-unrelated distractor words while their electroencephalogram was recorded. The task-related load was manipulated by either giving target words in advance (literal task) or giving only a semantic clue to define them (categorical task). The foveal load was manipulated by displaying either a word or hash symbols at the centre of the screen. Parafoveal orthographic and semantic distractors had an impact on the early event-related potential component P2a only in the literal task and when hash symbols were displayed at the fovea, i.e., when both the task-related and foveal loads were low. The data show that all sources of cognitive load must be considered to understand how parafoveal words are processed in visual search contexts.
Points and poetics of memory: (Retrospective) justice in oral history interviews of former internees
Authors: Savolainen Ulla
Published: October 2018

By adopting the idea of points of memory, this article engages with oral history interviews of former child and youth internees of Finland, most of them children of German fathers and Finnish mothers. The article analyzes how points of memory emerge and performatively operate in reminiscing by focusing on personal accounts that revolve around material objects. In particular, points of memory will be analyzed in what follows by applying the concept of poetics, understood here as a juxtaposition of textual units that gives rise to emergent meanings. What is more, these personal accounts will be examined in relation to collective and public internment memory. Accordingly, the article aims at illustrating these accounts as (1) instances of (moral) rhetoric through which interviewees perform various social and political acts (e.g. claim accountability or retrospective justice) and (2) means in the production and transmission of memory.
Constituent power and civil disobedience: Beyond the nation-state?
Authors: Scheuerman William E
Published: October 2018

Radical democratic political theorists have used the concept of constituent power to sketch ambitious models of radical democracy, while many legal scholars deploy it to make sense of the political and legal dynamics of constitutional politics. Its growing popularity notwithstanding, I argue that the concept tends to impede a proper interpretation of civil disobedience, conceived as nonviolent, politically motivated lawbreaking evincing basic respect for law. Contemporary theorists who employ it cannot distinguish between civil disobedience and other related, yet ultimately different, modes of political illegality (e.g. conscientious objection, resistance, revolution). The essay also examines Jürgen Habermas’ recent contributions to a theory of mixed or dualistic (postnational) constituent power, conceding that Habermas avoids many theoretical and political ills plaguing competing radical democratic theoretical retrievals. Nonetheless, Habermas’ attempt to salvage the idea of constituent power as part of his reformist agenda for the European Union not only breaks with his earlier understandable skepticism about the idea but also risks trimming the admirably ambitious sails of his radical democratic interpretation of civil disobedience.
Euro-economics: Too much trust in redistribution
Authors: Wurzel Eckhard
Published: October 2018

Favourable conditions for resource reallocation and structural economic change are needed to lift the growth and employment potential of the euro area. To create these conditions, preserving government incentives for ensuring sound public finances and structural reform is crucial. The article points to a few redistributive EU policies, in place or proposed, that are or risk diminishing market dynamics and governments’ accountability for healthy fiscal positions and economic reform. The Common Agricultural Policy hampers structural change and causes high social costs. Regional policies might be able to aid cohesion, but too many objectives, rules and monitoring requirements risk reducing effectiveness. The proposed transfers to cushion ‘asymmetric shocks’ are loaded with conceptual problems and could undermine incentives to increase economic resilience. Finally, the Commission’s proposal to create an instrument designed to financially stimulate governments to carry out reforms risks producing the opposite effect. The article concludes that these policies need revision.
The Macro-Level Driving Factors of Negative Campaigning in Europe
Authors: Papp Zsófia , Patkós Veronika
Published: October 2018

Covering the largest sample of countries to date, this study examines the effect of three country-specific factors on the tone of electoral campaigns across Europe: electoral system disproportionality, party system fragmentation, and the polarization of the electorate. We use an original dataset of statements made by political actors during eighteen electoral campaigns in nine European countries. Our multinomial logit model suggests that increasing disproportionality slightly increases negativity, while thanks to parties competing on the same market, less polarized electorates invite more negative political campaigns. Finally, we find a U-shaped relationship between party system fragmentation and negativity: Increasing the number of parties, negativity decreases first, only to start increasing again once the party system becomes very fragmented. We explain this with parties altering their coalition strategies with the changing number of parties: Less fragmentation makes it more likely to having to step into coalition with the competitors, thus decreasing negativity, while in very fragmented systems, parties not needed to any potential coalitions become easy targets to negative campaign.
Neuroterrorism Preparedness for the Neurohospitalist
Authors: Ralston Maj. Samuel A. , Murray Maj. Brian P. , Vela-Duarte Daniel , Orjuela Karen D. , Pastula Daniel M.
Published: October 2018

In this review article, we highlight several potential biologic and chemical agents of “neuroterrorism” of which neurohospitalists should be aware: anthrax, botulism toxin, brucella, plague, smallpox, organophosphates and nerve agents, cyanide, and carfentanil. Such agents may have direct neurologic effects, resulting in encephalopathy, paralysis, and/or respiratory failure. Neurohospitalists should be on the lookout for abnormal neurologic syndrome clustering, especially among patients presenting to the emergency department. If use of such a “neuroterrorism” agent is suspected, the neurohospitalist should immediately consult with emergency department personnel, infection control, infectious disease physicians, and/or Poison Control to make sure the scene is safe and to stabilize and isolate patients if necessary. The neurohospitalist should also immediately contact their local and/or state health department (or alternatively the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emergency Operations Center) to report their suspicions and to obtain guidance and assistance.