bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving vascular imaging with co-planar mutually guided photoacoustic and diffuse optical tomography: a simulation study
Authors: Mahmoodkalayeh Sadreddin , Zarei Mehrdad , Ansari Mohammad Ali , Kratkiewicz Karl , Ranjbaran Mohsen , Manwar Rayyan , Avanaki Kamran
Published: July 2020

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and photoacoustic tomography (PAT) are functional imaging modalities that provide absorption coefficient maps of the tissue. Spatial resolution of DOT is relatively low due to light scattering characteristics of the tissue. On the other hand, although PAT can resolve regions of different absorptions with a high spatial resolution, measuring the absolute value of optical absorptions using PAT is challenging due to unknown light fluence distribution in the tissue. Development of image guidance techniques using a priori information of imaging target structure has been shown to increase the accuracy of DOT. PAT is one such method that can be used as a complementary modality to serve as a guide for DOT image reconstruction. On the other hand, estimated fluence map provided by DOT can be used to quantitatively correct PAT images. In this study we introduce a mutually-guided imaging system for fast and simultaneous optical and photoacoustic measurements of tissue absorption map, where DOT is guided by the PAT image and vice versa. Using the obtained absorption map of the tissue, we then estimate the tissue scattering map. We conducted this study using a series of simulations on digital phantoms and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Physiological wound assessment from coregistered and segmented tissue hemoglobin maps
Authors: Robledo E. A. , Schutzman R. , Fang R. , Fernandez C. , Kwasinski R. , Leiva K. , Perez-Clavijo F. , Godavarty A.
Published: July 2020

A handheld near-infrared optical scanner (NIROS) was recently developed to map for effective changes in oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentration in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) across weeks of treatment. Herein, a coregistration and image segmentation approach was implemented to overlay hemoglobin maps onto the white light images of ulcers. Validation studies demonstrated over 97% accuracy in coregistration. Coregistration was further applied to a healing DFU across weeks of healing. The potential to predict changes in wound healing was observed when comparing the coregistered and segmented hemoglobin concentration area maps to the visual area of the wound.
Influence of chirped pump shape on the two-pump fiber optical parametric amplification
Authors: Zhu Zhenyu , Zhu Hongna , Sui Hao , Cheng Le , Yu Lei , Zhang Yufeng , Taccheo Stefano , Luo Bin
Published: July 2020

The gain performance of two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) pumped by different kinds of chirped pump pulses is investigated numerically. It shows that the gain performances of FOPA are evidently influenced by the shapes of chirped pump pulses. The highest and broadest gain spectrum is obtained with the 10th-order super-Gaussian pulse in case of identical energy and full width at half-maximum of the pump pulses. Finally, the signal gain is also affected by the poor symmetry of pump pulse, which leads to a low gain performance.
56 Gb/s/λ over 1.3 THz frequency range and 400G DWDM PAM-4 transmission with a single quantum dash mode-locked laser source
Authors: Browning Colm , Verolet Théo , Lin Yi , Aubin Guy , Lelarge Françoise , Ramdane Abderrahim , Barry Liam P.
Published: July 2020

The continued evolution of high capacity data center interconnects (DCI) requires scalable transceiver design. The Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) family of standards targets cost-effective and increased capacity transmission through the use of coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) and direct detection. Moving beyond near-term GbE deployments, multi-wavelength optical sources will be required to enable spectrally efficient WDM transmission, as well as small form-factor transceiver design. This work highlights the capability of a single section 32.5 GHz quantum-dash mode locked laser to provide >Tb/s capacity by demonstrating successful 50 Gb/s/λ pulse amplitude modulation transmission on modes spanning a >1 THz frequency range. Additionally, true 400G DWDM (8×56 Gb/s) C-band transmission is successfully demonstrated with the Q-Dash MLL, resulting in a spectral efficiency of 1.54 b/s/Hz.
Spectrally sharp metasurfaces for wide-angle high extinction of green lasers
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Chang Taeyong , Kim Myungjoon , Heo Minsung , Baucour Arthur , Jung Joonkyo , Shin Jonghwa
Published: July 2020

In optical nanostructures used as artificial resonance-based color filters, there is unfortunate universal trade-off between spectral sharpness and angular tolerance as well as maximum extinction. We rigorously derive the maximum performance bounds of wavelength-rejection filters realized by single-layer plasmonic metasurfaces with a dominant resonance and weak near-field coupling, and propose a multi-layer approach to overcome these single-layer limits and trade-offs. We also present a realistic example that has a narrow full-width-at-half-maximum bandwidth of 24 nm with 10 dB extinction at 532 nm with good angular tolerance up to 60°. The performance of the proposed metasurface is close to the general theoretical bound.
Pump depletion in parametric down-conversion with low pump energies
Authors: Flórez Jefferson , Lundeen Jeff S. , Chekhova Maria V.
Published: July 2020

We report the efficient generation of high-gain parametric down-conversion, including pump depletion, with pump powers as low as 100 µW (energies 0.1 µJ/pulse) and conversion efficiencies up to 33%. In our simple configuration, the pump beam is tightly focused into a bulk periodically poled lithium niobate crystal placed in free space. We also observe a change in the photon number statistics for both the pump and down-converted beams as the pump power increases to reach the depleted pump regime. The experimental results are a clear signature of the interplay between the pump and the down-converted beams in highly efficient parametric down-conversion sources.
Cascaded telecom fiber enabled high-order random fiber laser beyond zero-dispersion wavelength
Authors: Zhang Yang , Xu Jiangming , Ye Jun , Ma Xiaoya , Song Jiaxin , Yao Tianfu , Zhou Pu
Published: July 2020

Four-wave mixing induced spectral broadening near the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) of the fiber is a bottleneck factor that limits the further wavelength extending in cascaded random fiber lasers (RFLs). In this Letter, we successfully suppress the spectral broadening near the ZDW of the fiber in the cascaded RFL by simply combining two kinds of commercial telecom fibers with different ZDWs, G655C fiber with ZDW around 1.52 µm and G652D fiber with ZDW around 1.31 µm. As a result, an 8th order Stokes light component at 1721 nm with a maximum output power of 2.1 W and a spectral purity of 96.94% is realized in this telecom-fiber-based cascaded RFL. This work provides a reference of nonlinear effect management in fiber lasers as well as affords a cost-effective way with great potential of realizing high-power widely tunable fiber lasers.
Femtosecond laser direct-written fiber Bragg gratings with high reflectivity and low loss at wavelengths beyond 4 µm
Authors: Bharathan Gayathri , Fernandez Toney Teddy , Ams Martin , Carrée Jean-Yves , Poulain Samuel , Poulain Marcel , Fuerbach Alex
Published: July 2020

We report on the fabrication of, to the best of our knowledge, the first highly reflective fiber Bragg gratings for the 4 µm wavelength range. A second-order grating with a coupling coefficient (

κ

) of

 
230

m

−
1

, losses

<

0.25

d
B

/

c
m

, and a bandwidth of approximately 3 nm was inscribed into the core of a passive indium fluoride (

I
n
F

3

) fiber using a femtosecond (fs) laser. Thermal annealing of this grating at a temperature of 150°C for 90 min resulted in the enhancement of

κ

to

275

m

−
1

. Further, we show that

I
n
F

3

fibers respond very differently to irradiation with fs laser pulses as compared to ZBLAN fibers and that this difference manifests itself in a significantly larger process window for inscription and in the formation of a more complex refractive index profile that is believed to be caused by the larger nonlinearity of

I
n
F

3

. This Letter paves the way to the development of new wavelength stabilized all-fiber mid-infrared lasers beyond 4 µm.
Circularly polarized vacuum ultraviolet coherent light generation using a square lattice photonic crystal nanomembrane
Authors: Konishi Kuniaki , Akai Daisuke , Mita Yoshio , Ishida Makoto , Yumoto Junji , Kuwata-Gonokami Makoto
Published: July 2020

Circularly polarized light in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region is important for probing the structural and electronic properties of matter. Moreover, a circularly polarized VUV coherent light enables one to observe the dynamics of biomolecules and electron spins in solids. The development of a table-top technology to directly generate circularly polarized VUV coherent light is of great value, owing to the limitation of polarization control elements for the VUV region. However, solid-state nonlinear media for this purpose, which simplifies the setup, have not been presented. Here, we demonstrate a solid-based method for the direct generation of circularly polarized VUV coherent light using third-harmonic generation in a dielectric square lattice photonic crystal nanomembrane (PCN). We found that the waveguide resonance of PCN with fourfold rotational symmetry, irradiated by a circularly polarized fundamental beam, generates circularly polarized third harmonic at 157 nm with sufficient intensity for VUV spectroscopic applications. The presented results suggest the possibility that the PCN can be used as a practical nonlinear medium for circularly polarized coherent VUV generation.
Understanding Media Production, Paul Dwyer (2019)
Authors: Sexton Max
Published: July 2020

Review of: Understanding Media Production, Paul Dwyer (2019)

London and New York: Routledge, 232 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13823-814-5, h/bk, USD 124
Introducció al número monogràfic “Conflictes al territori. L’evidència de la incompatibilitat del binomi creixement econòmic i sostenibilitat”
Authors: Requena-i-Mora Marina , Faus-Bertomeu Aina
Published: July 2020

El creixement econòmic està produint canvis en el metabolisme social. Les societats cada vegada consumeixen més materials i energia alhora que produeixen més quantitats de deixalles, tot impulsant un desplaçament geogràfic de fonts de recursos i embornals de residus. Això crea impactes que no són resolts per polítiques econòmiques o canvis en la tecnologia, i per tant, cauen desproporcionadament sobre alguns grups socials que moltes vegades protesten i resisteixen, encara que tals grups no sempre es defineixen com a ecologistes (Martínez Alier, 2003). La distribució ecològica es refereix, així, a les asimetries o desigualtats socials, espacials, temporals en l'ús que fan els humans dels recursos i serveis ambientals, comercialitzats o no, és a dir, la disminució dels recursos naturals, incloent-hi la pèrdua de biodiversitat i les càrregues de la contaminació. Per exemple, hi ha conflictes històrics i actuals per l’extracció de carbó (referents a la salut dels miners, la subsidència a la terra, la producció de diòxid de sofre) i l’extracció de petroli (sobrecendència del gas, pèrdua de biodiversitat). A nivell global, també més bombeig de combustibles fòssils significa més producció de diòxid de carboni, cosa que genera un conflicte per la distribució de les responsabilitats i els danys derivats del canvi climàtic (Martínez-Alier, 2009).
Cómo hacer revisiones bibliográficas tradicionales o sistemáticas utilizando bases de datos académicas
Authors: Codina Lluis
Published: July 2020

Introducción y objetivos: Las bases de datos académicas permiten llevar a cabo revisiones bibliográficas que estén libres de sesgos y que a la vez tengan la máxima transparencia y trazabilidad.Método: Presentamos, mediante preguntas y respuestas, las claves principales que conectan el uso de bases de datos académicas con las revisiones bibliográficas, sistemáticas o tradicionales.Resultados: En cada apartado se presentan enlaces a entradas relacionadas donde se amplían los temas tratados para quienes deseen profundizar en ellos.Al final se presenta una bibliografía recomendada y se destacan las dos importantes obras en las que hemos basado principalmente este y otros trabajos anteriores sobre el mismo tema.Conclusiones: Hemos presentado, en un sistema de preguntas y respuestas, los elementos esenciales de la relación entre bases de datos académicas y revisiones bibliográficas. Para entender esta relación hemos presentado previamente las funciones de las revisiones bibliográficas y sus productos principales. También hemos discutido con cierto detalle las características de la principal dicotomía que existe en las revisiones bibliográficas, a saber, las tradicionales y las sistemáticas, con su alternativa para Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, que no siempre trabajan sobre intervenciones o sobre resultados de investigación, que son las aproximaciones sistemáticas.En el apartado de las bases de datos académicas hemos desarrollado un grupo de preguntas y respuestas sobre su utilización. Mostrando los componentes principales de las bases de datos académicas, así como un procedimiento basado en 6 fases, han sido mostrados igualmente.En la mayoría de los apartados, además hemos añadido enlaces a recursos relacionados, consistentes en entradas publicadas en este mismo sitio donde se desarrollan, in extenso, algunos de tales apartados.
THREAT IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF A SOCIAL NETWORK AS A MEANS OF SPEECH INFLUENCE
Authors: Korotaeva Darya , Mesropyan Lilit
Published: July 2020

The article discusses the mechanisms of speech influence of political discourse based on conflictogenic texts of mensive nature. The strategies, methods and tactics of the addressee, which determine the pragmatic orientation of the statements of politicians on the social network, are defined and characterized. A detailed analysis of the speaker’s intentions, realized at the lexical, grammatical and stylistic levels and having a strong persuasive effect, is carried out . The language of a politician correlates with the speech organization of the picture of the world, which forms certain opinions regarding events or personalities in the mass consciousness.
Evaluation of the apical microleakage of MTA Fillapex, AH26, and Endofill sealers
Authors: Galledar Saeedeh , Farhang Robab , Abazari Malek , Negahdar Parisa
Published: July 2020

Objective: Proper apical seal plays an important role in the success of root canal treatment. The most common cause of failure of root canal therapy is known as the lack of adequate apical seal. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the apical microleakage of MTA Fillapex, , and Endofill sealers using dye penetration method. Material and Methods: In this in vitro study, 72 single-rooted extracted human teeth were selected. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 20 and two positive and negative control groups of 6. The canals were prepared by step-back technique and then filled with gutta-percha and one of the sealers mentioned. In the positive control group, the canals were filled with gutta-percha without sealer, and in the negative control group, the canals were prepared but not filled. The teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 72 hours. The teeth were then cut longitudinally and the level of dye penetration was measured under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 19 software, ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Results: The mean level of dye penetration in the Endofill test group was significantly higher than that in the  and MTA Fillapex test groups. While, the observed difference between  and MTA Fillapex groups was not statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that  and MTA Fillapex sealers did not show any significant difference in apical seal properties. However, their sealing strength was significantly greater than Endofill sealer.KeywordsAH26 sealer; Endofill; MTA Fillapex; Microleakag
Assessment of Mesial Canals Morphology of Mandibular First Molars Using CBCT: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Alageb Eyhaa , Abdullah Abbas , Satti Asim Alsadig , Elsayed Salma Amin
Published: July 2020

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between canal configuration, distance between mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) orifices and the degree of canals curvature in the mesial root of permanent mandibular first molars in a sample of Sudanese population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: A total of 143 extracted mandibular first molars were processed and scanned with CBCT to determine the configuration of the mesial root canals according to the Vertucci classification. The interorificial distance and the degree of canal curvature in clinical (CV) and proximal (PV) views using Schneider technique were assessed. Results: The commonest canal configuration was type IV (53.1%). The interorificial distance was significantly shorter in type VI compared to other types (P < 0.05). Significant association was found for type IV between the MB and ML canal in the primary curvature regarding CV and PV, and for type II regarding PV in primary and secondary curvature (P < 0.05). In type IV the degree of secondary curvature of MB canal regarding PV, and in the ML canal in CV was significantly lower compared to other types (P < 0.05). Significant correlation was seen in PV of primary curvature in the MB for type VI (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The interorificial distance and secondary curvatures in CV for MB canal were found to be key factors for predicting root canal patterns in PV.KeywordsCanal morphology; Canal curvature; Interorificial distance; Mandibular molars.
Atrophic jaw fracture and predictability in oral rehabilitation: case report
Authors: Miola Siqueira de Oliveira João Pedro , Corso Paola Fernanda Cotait de Lucas , De Oliveira Gilson Cristiano , Scariot Rafaela , Costa Davani Latarullo
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The treatment of atrophic jaw fractures requires extensive knowledge by the maxillofacial surgeon. The correct diagnosis and planning optimize the possibility of oral rehabilitation towards many possible alternatives. The difficulty in repairing these fractures makes the treatment complex, in which normally invasive techniques are used. However; which give us satisfactory and predictable aesthetic-functional results. Objective: The objective of this work is to report an atrophic jaw fracture and posterior dental implants rehabilitation. Case report: A 53 years old female patient, victim of in face aggression referred to the emergency care. At the clinical examination, the patient had laceration in the upper lip region and the left side of the mandibular area, with bilateral mobility and paresis. In the oral examination, total lower and partial upper edentulism. After tomographic evaluation, a bilateral fracture of the mandibular body was confirmed, with significant bone fragments uneven. Surgery was performed with total transcervical access and use of reconstruction plate. After 90 days of follow-up, the oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants was performed. Conclusion: Complex atrophic mandible fractures in total edentulous patients can be treated with open reduction and stable fixation, allowing a faster return to normal function, improve of quality of life and assists in increasing safety for implant installation.KeywordsEdentulous jaw; Jaw fixation techniques; Dental implants.
Assessment of alveolar bone level and furcation involvement in periodontal diseases using dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT): a systematic review
Authors: Shetty Shishir Ram , Reddy Sesha , Abdelmagyd Hossam Abdelatty , Marei Hesham , Shetty Raghavendra , Elsayed Walid Shaaban
Published: July 2020

The advent of CBCT has contributed significantly to dental imaging. In the field of periodontics, CBCT provides a multiplanar view to assess the alveolar bone in three dimensions. This helps the dentist to make measurements at any location that could significantly improve periodontal diagnosis. Objective- The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the accuracy of using CBCT in the assessment of alveolar bone level and furcation involvement in periodontal diseases. Materials and Methods- PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for literature related to the application of CBCT in periodontal diseases.  Keywords used for the search were CBCT, furcation involvement, measurement and their synonyms. Results-Fifteen full-text English language research papers were eligible for the systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines. Conclusion- From the results of the systematic review it can be conclude that cone-beam computed tomography imaging technique offers significantly reliable images of the furcation involvement and height of the alveolar bone.KeywordsCone Beam Computed tomography, furcation defects, alveolar bone loss
Comparative Evaluation of ICDAS, WHO and Histological Examination in Detection of Occlusal Carious Lesions
Authors: Alaa Eman , El-Messiry Hend
Published: July 2020

Detection of occlusal carious lesions with visual scoring systems is in a continuous validation with the histological depth of carious demineralization. Objective: The present study aimed to compare the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), the World Health Organization (WHO) system and histological examination in detecting occlusal carious lesions. Material and Methods: 20 premolars were evaluated by visual examination using ICDAS, WHO and histological examination using stereomicroscope (SM) for occlusal caries detection. Occlusal surfaces were evaluated by two examiners then all teeth were visually and histologically assessed. Results: For each of three systems the inter class correlation coefficient was examined, the differences between the three systems of occlusal caries detection were minimal. The visual examination through WHO recorded the higher intercorrelation coefficient followed by ICDAS system then histological examination respectively. Conclusion: WHO and ICDAS have demonstrated reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy when compared with histological examination for detecting occlusal caries.KeywordsInternational caries detection and assessment system; World health organization; Histological examination; Occlusal caries.
Repair Protocol of Porcelain Laminate Veneers Through Reattachment of the Fractured Ceramic Piece: A Technical Report
Authors: Dulundu Elif , Bilir Halenur , Karaosmanoglu Duygu , Özcan Mutlu
Published: July 2020

This technical report has been developed to repair the ceramic laminate veneer without removing after fracture. The bonding between the tooth and the laminate veneer is very strict, thus removing the restoration is difficult. The disadvantages such as the loss of tissue from the tooth, the cost and time loss are eliminated with this technique. In this technical report, the cementation of porcelain to porcelain in the presence of the fractured piece is explained step by step.KeywordsCeramic; Laminate veneers; Repair.
White spots on tooth enamel in mixed dentition
Authors: Sá de Lira Ana de Lourdes , Silva Nayra Rafaelle Fernandes da
Published: July 2020

Aim: To determine the prevalence, etiological factors of white spots on enamel and to evaluate the treatment by microabrasion technique in schoolchildren. Method: A study was developed in children between the ages of 6 and 12 of both genders, enrolled in 3 municipal public schools. Oral examination of the children was carried out, and for those children in whom white spot lesions were found, dental treatment was provided by the microabrasion technique in the incisors and/ or first permanent molars to prevent the evolution to a caries lesion with cavitation, since the enamel structure was damaged. Results: The most affected age was 10 years with 27.8% (n = 5). In relation to the enamel surface area affected by white patches, the majority had 1% - 24% of the enamel reached. The possible etiological factors of white patches were systemic infections, trauma or caries with pulp involvement in a deciduous tooth. The treatment was effective in 16 children and for the remaining two the restorative treatment was performed. Conclusion: The prevalence of white spot lesions found in enamel was 3.95%, with a higher prevalence in females. The permanent right upper central incisor was the most affected. The treatment proved to be effective in most children possibly because the lesion is located more superficially in the enamel.KeywordsDental enamel; Enamel hypoplasia; Tooth demineralization; Enamel microabrasion.
Risk Factors of Persistent Diarrhoea in Children below Five Years of Age
Authors: Roy Smrity , ASM Bazlul Karim , Das Shiplu Kumar , Maksud Shams Ibne , Sultana Shahjadi Nasreen , Sultana Azmeri
Published: July 2020

Background
Persistent diarrhoea is a commonly observed phenomenon both in Bangladesh and all over the developing countries. It is the single most important cause of diarrhoea related deaths in the community, accounting for over half of them. If associated factors are properly identified & treated, it is possible to prevent most cases of persistent diarrhoea.

Objective
This study was undertaken to find out the possible risk factors associated with persistent diarrhoea in children below 5 years of age.

Methods
This was a prospective analytical case control study carried out in a tertiary care hospital, Dhaka. A total of 30 consecutive cases of persistent diarrhoea and 60 consecutive acute diarrhoea controls (matched for age and sex) under 5 comprised the study subjects in this study. Children beyond the age and whose parents didn’t give written consent were excluded from the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and a standered case definition of acute & persistent diarrhoeawere adopted. Data were later processed and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science version 12) in the year 2012. Results were considered statistically significant when p value was <0.05.

Results
According to the study, 56.6% of cases and 63.3% of controls were in the ‘6 to 12 months’ age group and about two-third of the participants in both cases 20 (66.7%) and controls 39 (65.0%) were males.Strong association was found with ‘bottle feeding’ RR=2.2556; 95% CI: 1.259, ‘presence of blood/mucus’ RR=2.5038; 95% CI: 1.4129, ‘WAZ≤ 2)’ RR=2.8867; 95% CI: 1.7202 and ‘early complementary feeding [RR=4.67; 95% CI: 2.5017-8.7175 and OR=7.8858; 95% CI: 3.6791-16.9

Conclusion
In the present studyfour factors showed some association with persistent diarrhoea, namely: ‘use of animal milk’; ‘antibiotic use during acute diarrhoea’; ‘history of diarrhoea in previous 3 months’ and ‘pre-lacteal feed’. Strong association was found with ‘bottle feeding practices’ ‘presence of blood &/or mucus in stool’, WAZ <-2 and ‘early complementary feeding
Growth Performance of Heteroclarias Juveniles Fed Graded Levels of Autoclaved Castor Seed (Ricinus communis L.) Cake Based Diets
Authors: E. O Agboola , I. A Adebayo , B. T Babalola
Published: July 2020

An 84 day feeding trial was conducted on the juveniles (42.51±0.09g) of hybrid catfish, Heteroclarias, in order to evaluate the nutritional potential of 30 minutes autoclaved castor seed cake isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) and isocaloric (3212Kcal/Kg) diets replacing soybean meal at 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50%, the diets being designated D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 respectively. Prior to this, the castor seeds (Ricinus communis L.), ZiboCastor No. 3 variety, collected from Ado-Ekiti metropolis, Nigeria were subjected to 0, 20, 30 and 40 minutes autoclaved at 121oC, dehauled, grounded, oil extracted to form cake, then the proximate and antinutrients analysis were carried out. The preliminary tests on the seeds revealed 30 minutes level of autoclaved seeds was the best. The growth performance result showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent net protein utilization (NPU) among the various diet levels with the progressive decline in the values of each parameter (except FCR that showed progressive increment) along the trend of increment of castor seed cake inclusion (D1, 0%; D2, 12.5%; D3, 25%; D4, 37.5% and D5, 50%). The survival rate followed the same trend of declination with the highest percentage recorded for D1 (93.33±6.67%), followed by D2 (83.33±3.33%), D3 (76.57±3.33%), D4 (66.67±3.33%) and D5 (60.00±5.77%) respectively. Hence the best growth performance and nutrient utilization was shown in D1 (control) followed by D2. It is therefore recommended that autoclaved castor seed cake at 121oC be included at not more than 12.5% inclusion level to reduce cost of feed without necessarily compromising fish growth rate.
Using Human Development Indices to Identify Indicators to Monitor the Corona Virus Pandemic
Authors: Azza Abul-Fadl , Sarhan Ayah
Published: July 2020

Introduction The Corona virus (CoVID-19) pandemic has hit the most developed countries and has thence spread to inflict other countries around the world. It is the first pandemic that appears in countries not linked to poverty and poor hygiene. Aim To study the relationship between human development and the pattern of the pandemic caused by the CoVID-19 and to identify development indicators that can be useful in monitoring the pandemic. Methods Data collected included confirmed cases of CoVID-19 by country, number of cases that recovered and cases that died and population density per million in this particular country. The data for this information was obtained from the online data on the daily reports on CoVID-19 from the different countries. Data for the Human Development index (HDI) and the ranking for each country were obtained from the most recent United Nations Development of Populations (UNDP) report for 2019. We analyzed data for 166 countries for which the HDI was available for the date of cases reported online on 27th March, 2020 at midnight. Findings There were significant differences by ANOVA for the confirmed cases of CoVID19 cases and total cases per one million population between the countries in the 4 tier group of Human Development. HDI was significantly correlated with confirmed cases, case density and cases that died from CoVID-19 (P<0.01) for all countries but the significance decreased by tier group. Country ranking was inversely correlated with confirmed cases of CoVID-19 (r-0.25 at P=0.001), CoVID-19 cases per million (r-0.4 at P=0.000) and cases that died from CoVID-19 (r-0.2 at P=0.03). Recovery was not inked to HDI or country ranking. The upper HDI tier groups (very high, high and medium) showed significant correlations with total cases per one million population P<0.05, but no correlation was found with confirmed cases or cases that died or recovered from CoVID-19 P>0.05. Conclusions Total cases of CoVID-19 per one million population seems to be a better indicator of the pandemic. The pattern of spread is closely linked to industry.
World Upside-Down: The Carnivalesque Studio in Entre visillos
Authors: Sones Stuart G. A.
Published: July 2020

Entre visillos by Carmen Martín Gaite follows the lives of several middle-class young women living in Francoist Spain during the nineteen-fifties, portraying the restrictive and conservative confines of both traditional Spanish culture and fascist dictatorship in which these women lived. This essay, however, examines how Martín Gaite uses place and setting to define the characters’ behavior and their adherence to norms under Francisco Franco’s authoritarian, reactionary rule. Specifically, the essay analyzes the spatial conditions for liminal anomie, the temporal dissolution and subversion of norms, in the novel. Through an approximation of Mikhail Bakhtin’s carnivalesqueand Michel de Certeau’s theory of everyday resistance, I argue that the characters employ tactics of resistance (de Certeau) to establish the bohemian party at the top-floor studio apartment of Yoni, the eccentric artist, as a carnivalesque that acts as a safe haven for anomie, the expression of hidden transcripts (James Scott) that constitute resistance against hegemonic Spanish society, and the reimagination of Spanish identity during the epoch. By studying how the characters stray from norms through their interpersonal relations, absurd values, and paradoxical and parodical behavior, it becomes clear that the studio is a unique, free space for contesting conventions of modesty and patriarchy under the Spanish dictatorship. The inclusion in the novel of such themes as promiscuity, infidelity, and immodest behavior further reveals that Entre visillositself is a carnivalesque work that reimagines the values, norms, and conscience of Spanish society.
«A New Global Ethic»: A History of the United Nations International Environmental Education Program, 1975-1995
Authors: Dorn Charles
Published: July 2020

In 1975, the United Nations, under the auspices of its Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and Environment Program (UNEP), established the International Environmental Education Program (IEEP). For two decades, IEEP aimed to accomplish goals ascribed to it by UNESCO member states and fostered communication across the international community through Connect, the UNESCO-UNEP environmental education newsletter. After reviewing UNESCO’s early involvement with the environment, this study examines IEEP’s development, beginning with its conceptual grounding in the 1968 UNESCO Biosphere Conference. It examines the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm, moves on to the UNESCO-UNEP 1975 Belgrade Workshop, and continues with the world’s first intergovernmental conference dedicated to environmental education held in Tbilisi in 1977. The paper then uses Connect to trace changes in the form and content of environmental education. Across two decades, environmental education shifted from providing instruction about nature protection and natural resource conservation to fostering an environmental ethic through a problems-based, interdisciplinary study of the ecology of the total environment to adopting the concept of sustainable development. IEEP ultimately met with mixed success. Yet it was the primary United Nations program assigned the task of creating and implementing environmental education globally and thus offers a particularly useful lens through which to analyze changes in the international community’s understanding of the concept of the environment over time.
The OECD as a Booster of National School Governance. The case of New Math in Sweden, 1950-1975
Authors: Prytz Johan
Published: July 2020

New Math was an international reform movement aimed at thorough changes in school mathematics with respect to both content and teaching methods. This movement started to gain influence in the 1950s, and in the 1960s several countries prepared and implemented their own New Math reforms. This movement not only attracted prominent mathematicians and psychologists but also garnered support from the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The New Math reforms are examples of how OECD supported thorough and broad changes in national systems of education. In most countries, however, the influence of New Math on syllabi began to fade by the 1970s. In this paper, I discuss how the New Math in Sweden reform boosted national governance and changed power relations between the teachers, textbook producers, and the national school administration. I also suggest that OECD continued to support this power structure through the testing enterprises associated with PISA.
The Nuffield Physics Ordinary-level Curriculum Project in the 1960s: a Transnational Project?
Authors: McCulloch Gary
Published: July 2020

The Nuffield Physics curriculum project was the first national curriculum project held in the UK. The Ordinary-level Nuffield physics project, developed between 1962 and 1966 for academic pupils in grammar schools, was one of the most interesting and innovative projects of the 1960s. It had many transnational features, with influences of ideas and practices running across national borders, as well as national characteristics. It owed many of its distinctive ideas around physics for the inquiring mind to Eric Rogers, and ultimately to the progressive school Bedales in the 1920s and 1930s, as well as American reform under the banner of the Physical Science Study Committee. These were played out at a local level, for example in Worcester, led by Ted Wenham and John Lewis. During and after the project, although there was some resistance to sharing these ideas as they developed, key figures began to engage with other national systems and projects in spreading the word about Nuffield physics. Transnationalism was at the heart of the significance and achievements of Nuffield O-level physics, no less than of its problems and limitations.
Planning Punic cities: geophysical prospection and the built environment at Motya, Sicily
Authors: Herrmann Jason T. , Sconzo Paola
Published: July 2020

The urban plan of ancient Motya on the Isola di San Pantaleo on the west coast of Sicily and its relationship to developments in Phoenician and Punic societies have been investigated since the early 1960s. Data from geophysical surveys in the north-eastern quadrant of Motya show the regular organisation of urbaninsulaeframed by two broad roads. These results, combined with data from previous nearby excavations, improve the modelling of Motya's layout, and contribute to the wider discussion of Phoenician/Punic and broader Mediterranean urban traditions between the sixth and fourth centuries BC.
Making magic
Authors: Gordon Richard
Published: July 2020

At first sight, these two volumes represent different views of the task of interpreting material culture: the first seems to announce a post-processual paradigm, emphasising the agency of objects and the ambivalence of meanings in the area of magical practice, whereas the second makes no overt claims about materiality while based firmly on museum objects. In fact, however, the differences between them are rather smaller than first impressions suggest.
Matthias Falter (2019): Die Grenzen der Demokratie. Politische Auseinandersetzungen um Rechtsextremismus im österreichischen Nationalrat
Authors: Wassermann Heinz P.
Published: July 2020

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Exercise Reduces Competition between Procedural and Declarative Memory Systems
Authors: Chen Jing , Roig Marc , Wright David L.
Published: July 2020

The neural systems that govern declarative and procedural memory processing do not always operate independently. Direct evidence of competition between these two memory systems in humans is supported by studies showing that performing a declarative learning task immediately after motor skill learning can disrupt procedural memory and abolish the off-line gains in skill performance obtained during consolidation. The aim of the present study was to extend recent investigations demonstrating that the exposure to a brief bout of cardiovascular exercise can protect procedural memory by enhancing postpractice consolidation. We used an experimental paradigm designed to assess whether exercise can also protect procedural memory consolidation from interference induced with declarative learning. The implicit acquisition of a serial reaction time task (SRTT) was tested after a 6-h waked-filled period. Participants who were exposed to a non-learning vowel counting (VC) task following the practice of the SRTT exhibited successful procedural memory consolidation and significant off-line gains in skill performance. Confirming that declarative memory processes can interfere with procedural memory consolidation, off-line gains in motor skill performance were suppressed when the performance of the VC task was replaced with a word list (WL) task requiring declarative learning. Performing a bout of cardiovascular exercise after the SRTT protected the newly formed procedural memory from the interference produced by the WL task. Protection was evidenced by a return of significant off-line gains in skill performance after the waked-filled period. Exercise optimizes the utilization of neural resources reducing interference between procedural and declarative memory systems.
Del juego y sus dicotomías en el despliegue de lo humano
Authors: Restrepo Zuluaga Luz Miriam
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo es resultado de un proceso investigativo que planteó la pertinencia de considerar el juego como factor determinante del desarrollo humano -desde perspectivas individuales y sociales-. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, desde el enfoque de la teoría crítica, sobre los conceptos centrales de la investigación: Juego y Desarrollo Humano. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis de aquellos puntos de encuentro presentes en ambos conceptos, entendiendo la manera en que estos se relacionan a partir del abordaje de aspectos como: Creatividad-Reproducción, Colectividad: Solidaridad-Competencia, Libertad-Subordinación.
ФОНДООЗБРОЄНІСТЬ У МАШИНОБУДУВАННІ УКРАЇНИ: РЕАЛЬНІСТЬ І ОПТИМАЛЬНІСТЬ
Authors: ЯНКОВИЙ Олександр , ЯНКОВИЙ Володимир
Published: July 2020

Досліджується ситуація виникнення неоптимальної фондоозброєності на основі порівняння відносної швидкості динаміки показників продуктивності праці, фондовіддачі та фондоозброєності в машинобудуванні України за останні роки. Теоретично обгрунтовується математичне визначення оптимальної фондоозброєності на базі виробничих функцій з урахуванням динаміки найважливіших показників господарської діяльності, представлених у вартісному вимірі. Обговорюються методологічні та прикладні аспекти використання еквімаржинального принципу з мікроекономіки для визначення оптимальної фондоозброєності в межах субституційних виробничих функцій. Доведено, що в точці оптимальної фондоозброєності гранична норма заміщення виробничих факторів дорівнює одиниці. Отриманий висновок застосовується як основа для розробки процедури пошуку оптимальної фондоозброєності за допомогою економетричних моделей, що адекватно описують взаємозв’язок часових рядів реалізації продукції, основних виробничих фондів і витрат на оплату праці на базі субституційних виробничих функцій.Використання запропонованої процедури визначення оптимальної фондоозброєності здійснюється на прикладі виробничої функції Кобба – Дугласа – Тінбергена, динамізованих CES-функції та лінійної функції. Для них наводяться методичні рекомендації щодо розрахунку невідомих параметрів, а також формули оптимальної фондоозброєності з указаними екстремальними значеннями реалізованої продукції та загальними витратами на основні виробничі фонди та оплату праці. Отримані теоретичні результати апробуються на даних машинобудування України. Підтверджується висунута гіпотеза про неоптимальну фондоозброєність у 2007–2015 рр. з точки зору обсягів реалізації галузевої продукції. Виявляється, що за аналізований період часу основні виробничі фонди були відносно у надлишку порівняно з оплатою праці працівників машинобудування. У 2016–2017 рр. започатковується позитивна тенденція в динаміці фондоозброєності галузі до певного її зниження і поступового наближення до оптимальної величини.
ІНСТИТУЦІЙНІ ТА ФІНАНСОВІ СКЛАДОВІ НАРОЩУВАННЯ ЕКСПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: АНУФРІЄВА Катерина
Published: July 2020

Сьогодні здійснюється вдосконалення державної політики, спрямованої на розвиток експорту, розробляється і впроваджується на законодавчому рівні інструментарій підтримки експорту. Експортуючі економічні суб’єкти формують попит на фінансові послуги, які б відповідали сучасним умовам на міжнародному ринку, а також дозволяли безперешкодне проведення розрахунків з іноземними контрагентами, доступне фінансування оборотного капіталу і страхове забезпечення експортних операцій з метою підвищення конкурентоспроможності таких суб’єктів.Автор обгрунтовує важливість централізованого спрямування зусиль на підтримку експорту, визначає поняття «торговельне фінансування і страхування» як напрям ресурсного та інституційного забезпечення експортних операцій, висвітлює позитивні аспекти і проблеми, що виникають при фінансуванні експортних операцій та розрахунках з контрагентами. Побіжно згадано стан міжнародного співробітництва з питань експорту та тенденції світової торгівлі.Як відомо, нещодавно засновано установу зі страхування та гарантування експорту – експортно-кредитне агентство (ЕКА), чиї місце, управління, завдання і ресурсна база ще перебувають на стадії визначення. Тому у статті пропонується базова схематична модель діяльності цієї установи. Автор підкреслює, що підвищення конкурентоспроможності українських експортерів і зміцнення довіри до них на міжнародному ринку є особливо важливими з огляду на світову тенденцію «деріскінгу» – обмеження співпраці з окремими категоріями клієнтів або державами (до яких іноді включається Україна) для уникнення ризику фінансування забороненої діяльності, осіб під санкціями, тероризму тощо.Фокус подальших досліджень автор пропонує спрямувати на такі питання – взаємодії держави і приватного сектору при підтримці експорту; визначення продуктового ряду фінансових установ, які обслуговують суб’єктів зовнішньої торгівлі, а також ЕКА; впливу санкцій та обмежень на зовнішньоторговельні відносини України. Прискорення розвитку експорту і подолання перешкод при укладанні зовнішніх торговельних угод і розрахунках, врешті-решт, допоможе Україні зайняти нішу серед країн – світових експортерів і зміцнити власну фінансову безпеку.
Meyerhold: un precursor de la Estética de la recepción
Authors: Vieites Manuel F.
Published: July 2020

En el primer cuarto del siglo XX y frente a las tendencias dominantes del teatro burgués, cobran fuerza dos tendencias artísticas antitéticas que persiguen objetivos antagónicos: la que apuesta por la re-teatralización de la escena y la que opera en la des-teatralización. Meyerhold se sitúa en la primera, y en ella, tanto desde sus espectáculos como en sus escritos teóricos, formula un conjunto de principios fundamentales en la comprensión de la comunicación teatral y en la consideración de las funciones del director de escena que lo convierten en un pionero de las teorías de la recepción. Un aserto que pretendemos probar con este trabajo, elaborado a partir de una revisión de su obra teórica y de literatura científica especialmente relevante. Como conclusión, destacamos la relevancia de las propuestas de Meyerhold para reconstruir un teatro que, asentado en la razón crítica, sirva para la construcción de una recepción igualmente crítica.
La mirada gay y el cuerpo masculino en la fotografía homoerótica
Authors: Rivera Ávila César
Published: July 2020

Tradicionalmente, la mujer ha sido el objeto de la fotografía erótica dirigida a un público heterosexual masculino. Sin embargo, en la fotografía gay homoerótica, tanto el público meta como el sujeto fotografiado, están constituidos por hombres homosexuales. La primera sección de este artículo aborda el desnudo en el arte; la siguiente trata sobre la fotografía homoerótica, y la última analiza la mirada gay y la manera en que el cuerpo masculino es moldeado y representadoen la fotografía homoerótica.
PROBLEMS OF IRREGULAR UNCONTROLLED EMERSION OF THE UNDERGROUND PARKING IN THE SAINT PETERSBURG
Authors: Gurskii A. V , Levintov G. V
Published: July 2020

The construction and exploitation of the underground parking is accompanied by need of consideration of hydrogeological conditions in the construction site. Currently, there are tried-and-tested methods of maintaining a balance between the holding forces and the value of the hydrostatic pressure. But even in the presence of proven methods of calculation periodically there are cases of "pop-up" parking. The article is devoted to the researches directed to definition of the reasons, which caused the emersion of an underground parking in the city of St. Petersburg. The facts of negative impact of irregular emersion affect on the state of the basic constructions of a parking, waterproofing materials and the parking basis. In the article are mentioned problems of wrong consideration of hydrostatic pressure and violation of project of work production.