bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on surface shape measurement of highly reflective surfaces based on stripe projection
Authors: Yuan Haisen
Published: May 2023

Metal workpieces with highly reflective surfaces are particularly common in modern industrial manufacturing systems, and their three-dimensional dimensional measurement has great applications and needs in various fields. Among the various three-dimensional dimensional measurement technologies, projection three-dimensional measurement technology is adopted for its non-contact, low-cost, high-precision, and fast data processing characteristics. However, because of the high reflectance of the highly reflective surface, the structured light photos taken by the camera will be overexposed and underexposed, which will lead to the lack of three-dimensional information obtained. Due to the large range of changes in surface reflectance and the limited grayscale range of the camera, the traditional stripe projection method cannot correctly measure the three-dimensional morphology of highly reflective surfaces [1]. This paper introduces an adaptive sinusoidal stripe grating based on the reflectance of the surface of an object, which is used to compensate for the overexposure of the camera when shooting on a highly reflective surface. Finally, the generated adaptive stripes are projected onto the measured object, and the phase solution and three-dimensional surface shape reconstruction are carried out by the heterodyne multi-frequency phase shift method.
Research on Virtual-Real Interaction Power Factor Correction Device Based on Dual Closed-loop Control
Authors: Ma Hailong , Peng Jiansheng , Wang Tonglin , Jia Zixin
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a Boost-PFC experimental prototype with dual closed-loop control is developed, which is carried out by a virtual-real interaction approach. Firstly, the optimized design of the current inner loop and voltage outer loop is carried out by MATLAB and verified by Simulink graphical virtual simulation. On this basis, a 250W Power Factor Correction (PFC) device prototype was developed by building hardware circuits. Through this approach, the efficiency and the targeting of debugging are improved, and the development cycle time is reduced. A sample is provided for the development of PFC devices of different power levels.
Ultrasonic Torsion Mode Guided Wave Probe Design for Local Detection of Vehicle-mounted Winding Hydrogen Storage Cylinders
Authors: Zhang Pugen
Published: May 2023

At present, the application of the traditional nondestructive testing technologies for hydrogen storage tanks is limited because of their requests to make the hydrogen storage tank to be out of service. The damage to the cylinder surface and some microstructures will change the echo-guided wave signal. However, there is no special cylinder detection probe now. In this paper, a probe of ultrasonic guided wave excitation generator is designed for vehicle-mounted winding hydrogen storage cylinders. The research results of this paper are of great significance for the safety of hydrogen storage tanks in new energy vehicles.
Optimized design of shaped bracket for Pesticide box of High-Clearance Sprayer
Authors: Shi Yaqi , Xing Mingming , Xue Kaifeng , Zhang Xinhao
Published: May 2023

Considering the alternation load of the high-clearance sprayer, the pesticide box is affected by transverse and longitudinal vibration. However, the shaped bracket of the pesticide box is important to machine elements, which mainly bear the load and have serious damage and high failure frequency. Therefore, the optimization design of the shaped bracket of the pesticide box of the high-clearance sprayer is given. In detail, a finite element analysis method is put forward. With the method, the change law of the stress-strain for the shaped bracket is discussed in different environmental loads. Then, the optimal parameter of the shaped bracket is explored in the case of ultimate load. The simulation results have important theoretical significance for improving the fatigue life of the shaped bracket and have practical significance for improving the vibration stability and safety of the high-clearance sprayer.
Quadrotor’s modeling and control system design based on PID control
Authors: Zhao Jiahao
Published: May 2023

The quadrotor is an unmanned aerial vehicle with a compact construction and good maneuverability. In recent years, this type of aircraft has been widely developed and has a wide range of military and civil applications. Due to the dynamic characteristics of strongly coupled, non-linear, and multi-variable quadrotor UAVs, modeling the dynamics of UAVs and designing control systems has been the focus of quadrotor research. This paper takes the quadrotor UAV as the research object. Firstly, for the basic structure of the quadrotor UAV, the aircraft-body coordinate system and the earth-surface coordinate system of the UAV flight are established, and the transformation matrix of the two coordinate systems is given. Based on a series of reasonable assumptions, the non-linear system is modeled and a simulation platform is built using Simulink. Secondly, based on the constructed non-linear dynamics equations of the system, a cascade PID-based attitude controller and position controller of the UAV are designed. Finally, the designed control system was simulated in Matlab for straight-line flight and target-position flight, and obstacles were applied to the vehicle to verify the effectiveness of the control system. The final results show that the designed control system can make the quadrotor UAV stable in vertical and horizontal motion and can successfully travel to the target position. This paper provides a control method and framework for a PID controller-based quadrotor UAV control system.
Dynamic modeling and analysis for two-stage helical gear systems
Authors: Zhang Yi , Jin Bohan , Fan Fengchen , Gao Zhihui
Published: May 2023

With the increasingly stringent restrictions on vibration and noise generated by the gear system, it has drawn widespread attention to the ways of predicting and controlling. In order to obtain accurate dynamic characteristics and reflect real bearing collisions, a nonlinear bearing model were proposed in this study, according to which a 9-freedom model of the dynamic transmission system with the two-stage helical gears was established. The impact of bearing clearance on the gear system could be revealed by analysing the dynamic response. This article contributes to the study of vibration modelling and monitoring of a transmission system with two-stage helical gears.
Research on Intelligent Auxiliary Braking Technology Based on Active Safety of Mining Vehicles
Authors: Wei Yuhao , Liu Dening , Chen Lidong
Published: May 2023

Along with the continuous development of coal mining in electrification, and intelligent direction, the number of coal mine vehicles quantity has increased dramatically, and transportation safety accidents are high. The intelligent auxiliary braking system, as an effective collision avoidance or the main security technology to reduce collision damage, can be for target recognition, tracking, and measuring ahead through the millimeter wave radar and camera image sensor technology, and can warn drivers and related emergency braking measures in time through the command module for, thereby reducing the coal mine safety accident of the vehicle. The application of an intelligent auxiliary braking system to lower the speed of coal mine vehicles has a realistic significance.
Study on Control System of Bridge-Type Grab Ship Unloader
Authors: Zhang GaoGe , Xiang Yang
Published: May 2023

In order to improve the automation degree and unloading efficiency of the ship unloading control system of the large coal-fired power plant, the structure, operation principle and workflow of the bridge-type grab ship unloader in a coal-fired power along the river are analysed, and the control system of ship unloader software based on PLC is studied and designed. The designed control system of bridge grab ship unloader is convenient to operate under different working conditions and improves the automation degree and efficiency of coal unloading and also provides an application example for the development of ship unloader control research.
Research on the Measurement Method of Position Error of Series Robot Based on Laser Tracking Apparatus
Authors: Chen Yuyang , Xu Junlong , Ren Yu
Published: May 2023

With today’s industrial upgrading in the world, cutting-edge technologies such as induction measurement technology, bionic technology, virtual reality technology, etc., are gradually combined with the development and design of series robots. Governments of various countries have served the social and economic development, implemented not only innovation-driven but also vigorously promoted the development of the series robots industry. At this time, it is particularly important to provide metering, standards and verification support for cutting-edge technologies and disruptive technologies to meet the new needs of metering put forward by the industrial and technological revolution. In this paper, by trying to detect the accuracy and repeatability of position with a non-assembling detection method, the needs of robot position detection can be met. At the same time, it also further optimizes the detection link and reduces enterprise and detection costs. The end-setting of the detection method has strong versatility and can be applied to industrial robot systems with no loading or various actuators at the end.
Failure Analysis of Cracked Superheater in Quick Start Boiler
Authors: Chen Le
Published: May 2023

Given the failure and cracking of the elbow of the superheater tube of a quick-start boiler, macroscopic, chemical composition, metallographic, and microhardness tests were carried out on the failed samples, and the failure reasons were analyzed. The results show that the failure reason of the superheater tube is that the material state of the pipe elbow is not good, the stress condition of the elbow is complex, the stress is at a high level, and the inner wall produces intergranular cracking during operation, which leads to failure rupture.
Kinematic Analysis of a Centrally Driven Humanoid Robotic Arm
Authors: Zhu Zhichao , Bai Xiangjuan , Lin Zening , Xu Yuze , Chen Shanjun , Luo Zirong
Published: May 2023

The humanoid robotic arm has a broad prospect in the field of human-machine cooperation, but the large inertia of the current joint robotic arm slows down its response speed and running speed. In this study, a centrally driven humanoid robotic arm is introduced, which has the characteristics of small inertia, good rapidity, and high load. Screw Theory is used to establish the kinematic model and analyze that the robotic arm has no singular configuration in the working range. The geometric method and Monte Carlo method are used to analyze and verify its workspace, which is the basis for the subsequent dynamic analysis and control of the robotic arm.
An Applied Study on Eddy Current Array Testing Technology for Transportable Pressure Vessels
Authors: Mu Yanchun , Xie Xumeng , Jin Muda , Zhao Li
Published: May 2023

To solve the problems with the penetrant testing of transportable pressure vessels (“TPVs”), such as failure to detect near-surface defects, low testing efficiency, and damage of penetrating agents to testers’ health and the high-purity media in the TPVs, an experimental study on the eddy current array (“ECA”) testing technology is carried out, and the result is compared with the results of the dye penetrant testing and fluorescent penetrant testing. According to the experiment result, the ECA testing technology is characterized by moderate requirements for the status of the surface to be tested, fast testing, environmental-friendliness, electronic data storage, testing imaging, and accurate testing results. These advantages enable the ECA testing technology to be a green and environmental-friendly nondestructive testing technology that will promote future development and have exciting prospects in TPV testing.
Application of the reference interaction site model self-consistent field method based on the Dirac-Hartree–Fock wave function to a chemical reaction
Authors: Kanemaru K , Watanabe Y , Yoshida N , Nakano H
Published: May 2023

The reference interaction site model self-consistent field (RISM-SCF) method is a combined method of the electronic structure theory of molecules and the integral equation theory of molecular liquids. The RISM-SCF method based on the Dirac-Hartree-Fock wave function, recently proposed, is applied to a chemical reaction, specifically, a Menshutkin reaction in aqueous solution. The Helmholtz energy profile along the reaction coordinate is calculated and the characteristics of the reaction are discussed based on energy component analysis.
Production of dextran by Lactobacillus fermentum OR1 isolated from pickle mango juice
Authors: Karnthanachotikul N , Jaturapiree P
Published: May 2023

Dextran is an exopolysaccharide produces from bacteria that have been shown to be useful in the pharmaceutical and food industries. The goal of this study was to screen bacteria capable of producing dextran from Thai fermented foods and then maximize dextran production. The maximal amount of dextran produced by Lactobacillus fermentum OR1 isolated from pickled mango juice is 65 g/L after 20 h of incubation at 30°C and 200 rpm in DMB2 Medium containing 160 g/L sucrose. Dextran’s morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability were further characterized using SEM and FTIR. The results suggest that Lactobacillus fermentum OR1 might be widely used in the production of linear dextran which has the potential to be used as a natural agent in food and other industries.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of banana peel waste assisted by microwave irradiation
Authors: Phoemthaisong T , Ksapabutr B , Chaiyut N , Panapoy M
Published: May 2023

Silver (Ag) nanoparticles are among the most desirable nanomaterials for a variety of applications, such as lithium-ion battery, water pollution monitoring, photocatalytic water splitting, and medical devices. Their increased production and integration in environmental applications play an important role for nanoscience and nanotechnology in engineering. The synthesis methods of Ag nanoparticles include physical, chemical, and biological routes. In this study, we reported a rapid, eco-friendly, and cost-efficient method to synthesize Ag nanoparticles using an extract of banana peel waste as a reducing and capping agent under microwave radiation. A comparison between the conventional heating method and microwave radiation revealed that the microwave radiation method for the extraction of banana peel waste and the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles required much shorter extraction and reaction times. The effects of extraction conditions (banana peel content and extraction time) and synthesis conditions (silver nitrate concentration and reaction time) on Ag nanoparticles were investigated. The optimum conditions were found to be for the extraction: 50 g/L banana peel-to-water ratio and microwave extraction time of 140 s at 800 W and for the Ag nanoparticles synthesis: microwave reaction time of 120 s at 800 W and 1 mM silver nitrate solution and. Plasmonic Ag nanoparticles with a surface plasmon resonance peak at 420 nm and an average size of about 149 nm were synthesized.
Effect of Blowing Agents on Properties of Cellular rubber of Natural rubber / Chloroprene blends
Authors: Thongpin C , Angsupanich L
Published: May 2023

Cellular or sponge rubber can be by expansion of fluid state by gas produced from decomposition of foaming agents [1]. It can be manufactured from various types of rubber and chemicals depending on properties required [2]. Natural rubber can give excellent mechanical properties except for thermal ageing [3]. The objectives of this work were to improve thermal ageing of NR foam by incorporating chloroprene rubber, CR, into NR and foaming NR/CR blends. In order to study the effects of the type of chemical blowing agents on the properties of cellular NR/CR rubber blends, azodicarbonamide (ADC) and oxybisbenzenesulfonyl hydrazide (OBSH) were used as blowing agents and compared. The cure characteristic, mechanical, morphological, and flammability properties of the foams were investigated. The results indicated an increasing chloroprene rubber loading caused the increase in cure time, but decreased in cure rate index. In both cases of foaming agents, the cellular rubbers were found that tensile and tear strength were decreased with CR rubber loading, but the secant modulus and hardness were increased. Compression set was decreased with CR rubber loading. It is also showed that the flammability of NR/CR foam with high CR contents (more than 80%) was better than that with low CR contents. It is also found that using OBSH as foaming agent can produce cellular rubber containing better cell density and cell size distribution than ADC.
Artificial Neural Network Model for Predicting the Energy Loss of Natural Rubber Foam
Authors: Kaewpradit P , Uthaipan N , Dechwayukul C
Published: May 2023

In this work, a back-propagation artificial neural network model was optimally developed based on 25 experimental datasets for predicting the energy loss percentage of natural rubber foam. The foam specimens were prepared in a Banbury internal mixer at various conditions of mixing temperature (40-80°C), rotor speed (40-80 rpm), and mastication time (1-5 min). Stress-strain loops were analyzed by applying compressive force at aspeed test of 500 mm/min with the capacity of load cell 2.5 kN, the energy loss was further calculated. In model development, the experimental datasets were randomly divided into 70:15:15 for training, validation, and testing respectively. Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used as a training function was used because of its fast convergence. The prediction results revealed that the average prediction accuracy of the three models is higher than 90%. From a material design point of view, the developed model could be implemented to find the proper mixing conditions to obtain the material with the maximum energy dissipation.
The Study of Electrical Resistance of Silver Nanowires in Isopropanol for Heater Application
Authors: Jaisutti R , Indrarit N , Pattanarat K , Khamla T , Petchsang N
Published: May 2023

Silver nanowire is one of the most attractive materials for making devices. In this work, we are interested in using silver nanowires for heater application. To get a good heater, the electrical resistance of the device should be low in order to generate a high temperature. The media to disperse nanowires is also important and helps inter-connection between nanowires. Hence, we study the different amounts of isopropanol (IPA) in water as the media to disperse silver nanowires. The nanowire solutions were prepared under different percentages of isopropanol varying from 0% to 100%. Optical images showed the dispersity of nanowires after the media evaporated. The electrical resistances of spun silver nanowires on glass slides were conducted. The results show that the electrical resistance of nanowires in different amounts of IPA was separated into 2 groups. First, from 0% to 50% of IPA, the electrical resistances were lower than 15 Ohms. Second, for 75% to 100% of IPA, the electrical resistances show more than 85 Ohms. After heater testing of the first group, the temperature is stable and repeatable with a certain applied voltage and current.
Frailty transitions and prevalence in an ageing population: longitudinal analysis of primary care data from an open cohort of adults aged 50 and over in England, 2006–2017
Authors: Walsh Bronagh , Fogg Carole , Harris Scott , Roderick Paul , de Lusignan Simon , England Tracey , Clegg Andrew , Brailsford Sally , Fraser Simon D S
Published: May 2023

Introduction

frailty is common in older adults and is associated with increased health and social care use. Longitudinal information is needed on population-level incidence, prevalence and frailty progression to plan services to meet future population needs.

Methods

retrospective open cohort study using electronic health records of adults aged ≥50 from primary care in England, 2006–2017. Frailty was calculated annually using the electronic Frailty Index (eFI). Multistate models estimated transition rates between each frailty category, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Prevalence overall for each eFI category (fit, mild, moderate and severe) was calculated.

Results

the cohort included 2,171,497 patients and 15,514,734 person-years. Frailty prevalence increased from 26.5 (2006) to 38.9% (2017). The average age of frailty onset was 69; however, 10.8% of people aged 50–64 were already frail in 2006. Estimated transitions from fit to any level of frailty were 48/1,000 person-years aged 50–64, 130/1,000 person-years aged 65–74, 214/1,000 person-years aged 75–84 and 380/1,000 person-years aged ≥ 85. Transitions were independently associated with older age, higher deprivation, female sex, Asian ethnicity and urban dwelling. Mean time spent in each frailty category decreased with age, with the longest period spent in severe frailty at all ages.

Conclusions

frailty is prevalent in adults aged ≥50 and time spent in successive frailty states is longer as frailty progresses, resulting in extended healthcare burden. Larger population numbers and fewer transitions in adults aged 50–64 present an opportunity for earlier identification and intervention. A large increase in frailty over 12 years highlights the urgency of informed service planning in ageing populations.
Deep brain stimulation alleviates tics in Tourette syndrome via striatal dopamine transmission
Authors: Rusheen Aaron E , Rojas-Cabrera Juan , Goyal Abhinav , Shin Hojin , Yuen Jason , Jang Dong-Pyo , Bennet Keven E , Blaha Charles D , Lee Kendall H , Oh Yoonbae
Published: May 2023

Tourette syndrome is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by intrusive motor and vocal tics that can lead to self-injury and deleterious mental health complications. While dysfunction in striatal dopamine neurotransmission has been proposed to underlie tic behaviour, evidence is scarce and inconclusive. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic centromedian parafascicular complex (CMPf), an approved surgical interventive treatment for medical refractory Tourette syndrome, may reduce tics by affecting striatal dopamine release. Here, we use electrophysiology, electrochemistry, optogenetics, pharmacological treatments and behavioural measurements to mechanistically examine how thalamic DBS modulates synaptic and tonic dopamine activity in the dorsomedial striatum.

Previous studies demonstrated focal disruption of GABAergic transmission in the dorsolateral striatum of rats led to repetitive motor tics recapitulating the major symptom of Tourette syndrome. We employed this model under light anaesthesia and found CMPf DBS evoked synaptic dopamine release and elevated tonic dopamine levels via striatal cholinergic interneurons while concomitantly reducing motor tic behaviour.

The improvement in tic behaviour was found to be mediated by D2 receptor activation as blocking this receptor prevented the therapeutic response. Our results demonstrate that release of striatal dopamine mediates the therapeutic effects of CMPf DBS and points to striatal dopamine dysfunction as a driver for motor tics in the pathoneurophysiology of Tourette syndrome.
The 2023 Duke-International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Criteria for Infective Endocarditis: Updating the Modified Duke Criteria
Authors: Fowler Vance G , Durack David T , Selton-Suty Christine , Athan Eugene , Bayer Arnold S , Chamis Anna Lisa , Dahl Anders , DiBernardo Louis , Durante-Mangoni Emanuele , Duval Xavier , Fortes Claudio Querido , Fosbøl Emil , Hannan Margaret M , Hasse Barbara , Hoen Bruno , Karchmer Adolf W , Mestres Carlos A , Petti Cathy A , Pizzi María Nazarena , Preston Stephen D , Roque Albert , Vandenesch Francois , van der Meer Jan T M , van der Vaart Thomas W , Miro Jose M
Published: May 2023

The microbiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) have changed significantly since the Duke Criteria were published in 1994 and modified in 2000. The International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) convened a multidisciplinary Working Group to update the diagnostic criteria for IE. The resulting 2023 Duke-ISCVID IE Criteria propose significant changes, including new microbiology diagnostics (enzyme immunoassay for Bartonella species, polymerase chain reaction, amplicon/metagenomic sequencing, in situ hybridization), imaging (positron emission computed tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, cardiac computed tomography), and inclusion of intraoperative inspection as a new Major Clinical Criterion. The list of “typical” microorganisms causing IE was expanded and includes pathogens to be considered as typical only in the presence of intracardiac prostheses. The requirements for timing and separate venipunctures for blood cultures were removed. Last, additional predisposing conditions (transcatheter valve implants, endovascular cardiac implantable electronic devices, prior IE) were clarified. These diagnostic criteria should be updated periodically by making the Duke-ISCVID Criteria available online as a “Living Document.”
Population variability in thermal performance of pre-spawning adult Chinook salmon
Authors: Van Wert Jacey C , Hendriks Brian , Ekström Andreas , Patterson David A , Cooke Steven J , Hinch Scott G , Eliason Erika J
Published: May 2023

Climate change is causing large declines in many Pacific salmon populations. In particular, warm rivers are associated with high levels of premature mortality in migrating adults. The Fraser River watershed in British Columbia, Canada, supports some of the largest Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) runs in the world. However, the Fraser River is warming at a rate that threatens these populations at critical freshwater life stages. A growing body of literature suggests salmonids are locally adapted to their thermal migratory experience, and thus, population-specific thermal performance information can aid in management decisions. We compared the thermal performance of pre-spawning adult Chinook salmon from two populations, a coastal fall-run from the Chilliwack River (125 km cooler migration) and an interior summer-run from the Shuswap River (565 km warmer migration). We acutely exposed fish to temperatures reflecting current (12°C, 18°C) and future projected temperatures (21°C, 24°C) in the Fraser River and assessed survival, aerobic capacity (resting and maximum metabolic rates, absolute aerobic scope (AAS), muscle and ventricle citrate synthase), anaerobic capacity (muscle and ventricle lactate dehydrogenase) and recovery capacity (post-exercise metabolism, blood physiology, tissue lactate). Chilliwack Chinook salmon performed worse at high temperatures, indicated by elevated mortality, reduced breadth in AAS, enhanced plasma lactate and potassium levels and elevated tissue lactate concentrations compared with Shuswap Chinook salmon. At water temperatures exceeding the upper pejus temperatures (Tpejus, defined here as 80% of maximum AAS) of Chilliwack (18.7°C) and Shuswap (20.2°C) Chinook salmon populations, physiological performance will decline and affect migration and survival to spawn. Our results reveal population differences in pre-spawning Chinook salmon performance across scales of biological organization at ecologically relevant temperatures. Given the rapid warming of rivers, we show that it is critical to consider the intra-specific variation in thermal physiology to assist in the conservation and management of Pacific salmon.
A new predictor of the optimal pulmonary artery reconstruction method during the arterial switch operation
Authors: Hongu Hisayuki , Oda Shinichiro , Maeda Yoshinobu , Asada Satoshi , Fujita Shuhei , Yamashita Eijiro , Nagase Takashi , Yamagishi Masaaki
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to more accurately predict the optimal pulmonary artery (PA) reconstruction procedure (Lecompte manoeuvre or original Jatene procedure) during the arterial switch operation, we focused on the horizontal sectioning (HS) angle between the left hilum PA and the great arteries using preoperative computed tomography imaging.

METHODS

We defined the HS angle α (β) as the angle between the tangential line from the posterior (anterior) wall of the left PA at the hilum to the left anterior (right posterior) surface of the main PA and the tangential line from the left surface of the ascending aorta to the left anterior (right posterior) surface of the main PA. We identified 14 consecutive patients diagnosed with transposition of the great arteries or transposition of the great artery-type double-outlet right ventricle who underwent preoperative computed tomography imaging. The original Jatene or Lecompte procedure was used for 9 (OJ group) and 5 (L group) patients. Relationships of the great arteries of the OJ and L groups were side by side in 8 and 2 patients, oblique in 1 and 1 patient and anteroposterior in 0 and 2 patients, respectively.

RESULTS

In the OJ group, β was greater than α in all patients. The median α/β value was 0.618. In group L, α was greater than β in all patients. The median α/β was 1.307. Left PA stenosis caused by stretching was not observed in the L group. Coronary obstruction was not identified in the OJ group. Left PA stenosis behind the neo-ascending aorta was observed in 1 patient in the OJ group and required reoperation.

CONCLUSIONS

The HS angle may be a useful predictor of optimal intraoperative PA reconstruction during arterial switch operation, especially for side-by-side or oblique relationships.
Barriers and facilitators of academia-government collaboration in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia: a qualitative study
Authors: Rodriguez-Villamizar Laura Andrea , Linares García Johanna , Ruiz-Rodriguez Myriam
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of strengthening collaborations between academia and government. The development and maintenance of these collaborative relationships is a complex and dynamic process, particularly during public health emergencies. This study was aimed at identifying and analysing factors that acted as barriers and facilitators in the collaboration process between academia and government during the COVID-19 pandemic in the five largest cities in Colombia. The study used a qualitative approach based on the systematization of experiences. A total of 25 semi-structured interviews were conducted with local actors from government and academia during 2021. Participants identified a variety of situations that involved individual, institutional and relational factors that acted as barriers and facilitators, and which have been previously reported in other countries and contexts not related to pandemics. Based on participant reports, two additional factors emerged, one corresponding to situations related to the pandemic management process itself and another related to structural or systemic conditions that involved government processes and the Colombian health system. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, the health emergency brought about shared feelings of local commitment and a willingness to work through interdisciplinary teams to address the pandemic with the least adverse effects on the community. Other facilitators of the collaborative process that were recognized were the importance of timely access to data and transparent analyses, as well as government decisions being informed by the perspectives of academics. The main barriers identified by both actors were excessive centralization of the pandemic’s management and the need for rapid decision-making processes under high levels of uncertainty. In addition, the fragmentation of services in the health system posed a barrier to the interventions that were suggested by the collaborative work. Our results suggest that government–academia collaborations should be implemented as ongoing participatory processes integrating various sectors, actors and disciplines.
The m6A reader MhYTP2 regulates the stability of its target mRNAs contributing to low nitrogen tolerance in apple (Malus domestica)
Authors: Guo Tianli , Yang Zehua , Bao Ru , Fu Xiaomin , Wang Na , Liu Changhai , Ma Fengwang
Published: May 2023

Studies have shown that the m6A reader primarily affects genes expression by participating in the regulation of mRNA localization, splicing, degradation, translation, and other metabolic processes. Previously, we discovered that the apple (Malus domestica) m6A reader MhYTP2 bound with and destabilized m6A-modified MdMLO19 mRNA. In addition, it enhanced the translation efficiency of m6A-modified mRNA of MdGDH1L, encoding a glutamate dehydrogenase, which confers resistance to powdery mildew. In this study, we report the function of MhYTP2 in the regulation of resistance to low nitrogen (N). The overexpression of MhYTP2 enhances the resistance of apple to low N. We show that MhYTP2 binds with and stabilizes the mRNAs of MdALN, which participates in the allantoin catabolic process and cellular response to N starvation in apple; MdPIDL, which participates in root hair elongation; MdTTG1, which is involved in the differentiation process of trichomes; and MdATG8A, which is a core participant in the regulation of autophagy. In addition, MhYTP2 accelerates the degradation of MdRHD3 mRNA, which regulates root development. RNA immunoprecipitation-seq and electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that the mRNAs of MdALN, MdATG8A, MdPIDL, MdTTG1, and MdRHD3 are the direct targets of MhYTP2. Overexpressing or knocking down the above genes in MhYTP2 overexpressing plants dismisses the function of MhYTP2 under low N, suggesting the role of MhYTP2 is dependent on those genes. Together, these results demonstrate that MhYTP2 enhances the resistance of apple to N deficiency by affecting the stability of the bound mRNAs.
On the null controllability of integer order integro-differential equations
Authors: Zhou Xiuxiang , Cheng Lijuan , Wang Xin
Published: May 2023

This paper is addressed to the study of the null controllability for integer order integro-differential equations. Unlike the known results for partial differential equations, we need to consider the equation involving a $\beta -$power of the Laplace operator $(-\varDelta )^\beta $ and an integral term. The key point is to construct a suitable state space of the controlled system at the final time. We first discuss a class of hyperbolic integro-differential equation. We prove that the controlled system is null controllable by an Ingham-type estimate. Also, the controllability time is given. On the other hand, by reduction to absurdity, we deduce that the null controllability property fails for a class of parabolic integro-differential equation with $\beta \in \mathbb{N}^+$.
Subcutaneous immunisation with zymosan generates mucosal IgA-eliciting memory and protects mice from heterologous influenza virus infection
Authors: Nihei Yoshihito , Higashiyama Mizuki , Miyauchi Kosuke , Haniuda Kei , Suzuki Yusuke , Kubo Masato , Kitamura Daisuke
Published: May 2023

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant isotype of antibodies and provides a first line of defense at the mucosa against pathogens invading the host. It has been widely accepted that the mucosal IgA response provided by vaccination requires mucosal inoculation, and intranasal inoculation has been proposed for vaccines against influenza virus. Considering the difficulty of intranasal vaccination in infants or elderly people, however, parenteral vaccination that provides the mucosal IgA response is desirable. Here, we demonstrate that subcutaneous immunisation with zymosan, a yeast cell wall constituent known to be recognised by Dectin-1 and TLR2, potentiates the production of antigen-specific IgA antibodies in the sera and airway mucosa upon intranasal antigen challenge. We confirmed that the antigen-specific IgA-secreting cells accumulated in the lung and nasal-associated lymphoid tissues after the antigen challenge. Such an adjuvant effect of zymosan in the primary immunisation for the IgA response depended on Dectin-1 signalling, but not on TLR2. The IgA response to the antigen challenge required both antigen-specific memory B and T cells, and the generation of memory T cells, but not memory B cells, depended on zymosan as an adjuvant. Finally, we demonstrated that subcutaneous inoculation of inactivated influenza virus with zymosan, but not with alum, mostly protected the mice from infection with a lethal dose of a heterologous virus strain. These data suggest that zymosan is a possible adjuvant for parenteral immunisation that generates memory IgA responses to respiratory viruses such as influenza virus.
57 Relationship between Proportion ofBos indicus Genetics of Dams and Calf Performance from a 31-Year Multibreed Herd Dataset
Authors: Martins Thiago , Rocha Cecilia Constantino C , Driver Joseph Danny D , Rae Owen , Aguirre Elzo Mauricio A , Mateescu Raluca G , Portela Santos José Eduardo E , Binelli Mario
Published: May 2023

This is a 31-year retrospective cohort study aiming to evaluate the relationship between the proportion of B. indicus genetics of crossbred dams and the weaning weight of their calves. Our hypothesis was that crossbred dams with intermediate degree of B. indicus genetics wean heavier calves than those with low-to-high degree of B. indicus genetics at the subtropical condition. The cow-calf pairs (n = 4,901) were in six evenly distributed breed groups according to the proportion of Brahman: G0–19%, G21–34%, 38%, G41–59%; G63–78% and G81–100%. Dams reared contemporaneously were undergone to controlled breeding seasons where the six breed groups of dams and sires were reciprocally mated. Non-adjusted and 205d-adjusted weaning weight of calves were considered as dependent variables and analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. The following independent variables were included in the model as fixed effects: parity category order (primiparous, secundiparous and pluriparous), calving period (0-30d, 31-60d, 61-90d and 91-120d), gender of calf (male or female) and breed group. Year was included as a random effect. All possible interactions were tested and only those with P < 0.20 remained in the final model. Most of all, for the non-adjusted weaning weight, the breed group effect (P < 0.001) varied according to the calving period. Dams calving after 30d of calving season weaned the lightest calves. However, the magnitude of such losses was variable within breed groups. Calves from G0-19% and G81-100% of dams were the most and least impacted by calving period, respectively. The difference on weaning weight between calves born at 0-30d and 91-120d was 60kg for G0-19% of dams and 30kg for G81-100% of dams. For every other breed group, this difference ranged from 45kg to 55kg. In spite of such interaction effect, calves from G0-19% and G81-100% of dams were lighter (230.4 and 225.0 kg, respectively; SEM: 3.4) than any other breed group (238.3 to 242.5 kg). For the 205d-adjusted weaning weight, there was a breed group effect (P < 0.001), regardless of calving period. Lighter calves were still weaned from G0-19% and G81-100% of dams (214.9 and 206.5 kg, respectively, SEM: 2.8) compared with any other breed group (223.4 to 227.6 kg). Thus, crossbred dams with intermediate degree of B. indicus genetics weaned the heaviest calves, probably as result of outbreeding enhancement provided by the adaptability of B. indicus to the tropics and productivity of B. taurus.
58 Reproductive Performance of Beef Cow-Calf Operations in VA with a Fall or Spring Breeding Season
Authors: Goncherenko Guillermo , Pancini Stefania , Dias Nicholas W , Craun Hannah , Vidlund Trinity , Klonicke Zachary , Redifer Tracey , Currin John , Clark Sherrie , Stewart Jamie L , Mercadante Vitor R G
Published: May 2023

Establishing two breeding seasons (Fall and Spring) is a common practice in the southeast USA, including VA. We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 11 years, 22 breeding seasons and 14 locations in VA to compare reproductive performance between Fall and Spring breeding seasons. A total of 30,191 breeding records (24,032 for cows and 6,259 for heifers) from the VA Department of Corrections beef cattle operations were analyzed. Every year, each cow and heifer were enrolled in estrous synchronization protocols and received fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) and were then exposed to natural service bulls for an approximately 65-day breeding season. Fall breeding occurred from November until January, and Spring breeding from March until May. Body condition score (BCS; 1 to 9, scale) was determined at the initiation of the TAI protocol. Estrus detection before TAI was performed by scoring an estrus detection aid prior to insemination. Pregnancy rate was determined by ultrasonography between days 55-65 post-TAI and 40-50 after the end of the breeding season. Data were analyzed using the SAS GLIMMIX procedure for binary data and MIXED procedure for continuous data. Average BCS was greater (P < 0.001) for Fall cattle than Spring cattle (5.7 ± 0.02 and 5.1 ± 0.02, respectively); however, days postpartum at TAI was similar between Fall and Spring (P = 0.645; 77.8 and 76.2 ± 0.5 days, respectively). Pregnancy rate to TAI differed (P < 0.0001) between Fall and Spring, 53.0 ± 0.03% and 48.6 ± 0.05%, respectively. Interestingly, estrus expression was greater (P < 0.001) for Spring than Fall (58.4 ± 0.05% and 50.4 ± 0.06%, respectively) and also was greater for cows that became pregnant to TAI compared with cows that failed to become pregnant to TAI (P < 0.001; 61.7 ± 0.03% and 46.9 ± 0.04%, respectively). End of breeding season pregnancy rate differed between season and was greater for Fall than Spring (P < 0.001; 90.7 ± 0.04% and 87.9 ± 0.04%, respectively). Calf birth weight was similar between seasons (P = 0.478; 34.1 and 34.4 ± 0.09 kg, for Fall and Spring, respectively). However, 205-day adjusted weaning weights differed (P < 0.001) between seasons with Spring calves being heavier than Fall calves (246.3 ± 0.12 kg and 227.8 ± 0.21 kg, respectively). In conclusion, for beef cow-calf operations in VA reproductive performance is enhanced for Fall breeding seasons; however, weaning weights were greater for calves born during the Spring seasons.
179 An Evaluation of Oklahoma Beef Calf Market Characteristic Trends from 2011 to 2021
Authors: Vining Timothy P , Raper Kellie C , Peel Derrell S , Robe Jeff , Freking Brian M , Zook Dana L , New Marty G , Beck Paul A
Published: May 2023

The Oklahoma Quality Beef Network (OQBN) is a partnership between the Oklahoma State University Extension Service and the Oklahoma Cattlemen’s Association, with the goal of providing and promoting value-added marketing opportunities for beef cattle producers. The Oklahoma Beef Network’s goal is realized through the implementation of the OQBN Vac-45 Program. The OQBN Vac-45 Program is a beef calf preconditioning program, requiring specific vaccination and management practices. Calves that fulfill program requirements receive OQBN Vac-45 Certification and may participate in an “OQBN Sanctioned Sale”. These sales occur as part of regularly scheduled livestock auction sales on specified dates at planned locations. Sale data for all calves sold at OQBN Sanctioned Sales (certified and non-certified calves) were collected each year to capture market premiums attained by OQBN Vac-45 certified calves. The objective of this study was to analyze 11 years of beef calf sale data (2011-2021), collected by extension specialists at 91 individual OQBN Vac-45 sales, which took place at 10 Oklahoma livestock auction locations. An average of 8 sales were conducted each year. A total of 149,525 calves were described using 42 market characteristics for 12 market traits (the number of assigned characteristics depended on the given trait). Market characteristics were analyzed as percentages based on the total number of calves recorded each year. Linear and quadratic regression analysis procedures, with year as the fixed effect were performed using R Statistical Software (v4.1.3; R Core Team 2022). A linear increase in the percentage of red-hided calves sold over time was observed, explained by (R2 = 0.51, P = 0.008). A Kansas State University study by McCabe et al. (2020) regarding breed trends in beef calf lots sold in video auctions from 1995 to 2018, indicated an increase in the number of calves sired by Red Angus bulls (P < 0.0001). An inverse quadratic effect was observed with the percentage of over-conditioned “fleshy” calves decreasing (R2 = 0.89, P < 0.05) and the number of optimally conditioned “average flesh” calves increasing (R2 =0.95. P < 0.05) over time, indicating optimal calf nutritional management. Quadratic regression indicated a decreasing trend (R2 = 0.60, P = 0.01) in the percentage of calves participating in certified preconditioning programs over time, indicating that producers may perceive certified preconditioning programs as an unneeded additional cost. However, from 2011 to 2021 calves enrolled in the OQBN Vac-45 Program received an average premium of $12.55/cwt compared with non-preconditioned calves sold in the same sales. Further data are needed to evaluate the frequency and efficacy of preconditioning practices occurring without participation in certified programs.
13 Stockpiling Bahiagrass to Extend the Grazing Season and decrease Winter Supplementation Costs for South Alabama Cattle Producers
Authors: Agar Michael A , Mullenix Kim K , Vasco Carol , Justice Maggie M , Palmer Kelly , Kelley Ken , Elmore Josh , Parker Chris , Wiggins Anthony
Published: May 2023

Stockpiling forage is a management practice that can be used to decrease the cost of winter cow supplementation and is defined as the process of accumulating forage late in a growing season for grazing at a later date. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of bahiagrass as a potential stockpiled forage in lower Alabama by developing a better understanding of its forage accumulation, nutritive value and persistent characteristics during the stockpiling period (6 to 10 weeks). A small-plot stockpiling trial was conducted at three locations in south Alabama (Troy, Headland, and Goodway). Nine, 6.5 m x 2.0 m plots were cut to a 7.5 cm stubble height with a buffer of 0.9 m between plots at each location beginning on September 16, 2021. Nitrogen fertilization strategy was the main plot [0 N fertilizer, split N application (33.6 kg N/ha at initiation and again 30 d later), or 67.2 kg N/ha; 3 replications/treatment; N source = urea (46-0-0)]. Stockpiling period length was the split-plot (6, 8 or 10 weeks of forage accumulation; n = 9 subplots/treatment). Response variables were measured including forage mass and nutritive value at 6, 8 and 10 weeks, and nutritive value of standing forage 30 days after the stockpiling period. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS 9.3. As the accumulation period length increased, average forage mass increased across all treatments with 1,312.6 kg DM/ha at 6 weeks, 1,270.1 kg DM/ha at 8 weeks and 1,585.9 kg DM/ha at 10 weeks. With respect to the fertilization treatments, the split N application (1,621.8 kg DM/ha) and 67.2 kg N/ha fertilization strategies (1,606.1 kg DM/ha) did not differ in forage accumulation but were greater (P < 0.05) than bahiagrass not receiving N fertilizer (1,377.6 kg DM/ha). For nutritive value, nitrogen application strategy impacted bahiagrass crude protein (CP), with both the split N application (14%) and 67.2 kg N/ha (13.8%) treatments having a greater CP (P < 0.05) than the 0 N fertilization approach (11.7%). Average total digestible nutrients across stockpiling periods were 62.5%. Year one results study indicate that bahiagrass may support forage production and nutritive value for cow-calf operations wanting to extend grazing into the fall and early winter months in the Southeast US. Based on year one results for forage mass measured at 6, 8 and 10 weeks, stockpiled bahiagrass could provide an estimated 45 to 55 days of grazing depending on mature cow weight, pasture stocking strategy and accumulation period length.