bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cabinets of the Sacristy of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan and the Representation of Architecture
Authors: Mascheretti Lorenzo
Published: April 2023

After Beatrice d’Este’s death in 1497, the duke of Milan, Ludovico il Moro, commissioned cabinets for the storage of sacred objects (‘armariis ... ad res sacras custodiendas’) for the sacristy of the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, where he planned to be buried. Although the archival sources are not unanimous, the cabinets are identifiable with those that nowadays occupy the eastern and western walls of the Dominican room, decorated with coats of arms and mottos of the Sforza family. Existing scholarship focuses on the cabinets’ unusual decorative technique and the general composition of the cycle, based on a calculated perspective, but their place within a broader architectural culture has largely gone unnoticed. Whilst the question of their attribution remains open, this paper argues that the buildings depicted in the background of the biblical scenes give us an insight into the architectural and figurative practice of the anonymous masters.
Disruption, an opportunity to facilitate long-term modal shift to cycling? Stories, lessons and reflections from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Buck Malachy
Published: April 2023

The study utilises the ‘natural experiment’ of COVID-19 to explore how disruption affected individuals’ perceptions and experiences of cycling, through semi-structured interviews with eight cycle-shop owners and 30 residents in the Liverpool City Region, UK. It provides an account of the rapidly changing conditions that helped to support greater participation in cycling. Primarily this was due to reduced conflict between cyclists and others for road space. This was supported though less significantly, by the provision of temporary cycling infrastructure as well as diminished competition for individual’s time from alternative leisure activities, which were outlawed through COVID-19-related regulations. By disrupting car-dominated environments, the change in infrastructure and reduction in traffic flows contributed towards reducing the skills and confidence required to begin cycling. Nevertheless, as traffic rebounded to pre-pandemic volumes it was evident that the opportunity offered by disruption failed to be fully realised within the region. Despite this, the period has illustrated the potential for broader participation within cycling, though the paper finds that significant disruption to the infrastructures and traffic flows within the urban environment is required if a long-term modal shift is to occur following the surge in participation in cycling observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, the paper identifies several interventions that can be implemented to imitate the disruption observed in our study, and in doing so support a transition towards a low-carbon mobility system.
Effects of using different root canal sealers and protocols for cleaning intraradicular dentin on the bond strength of a composite resin used to reinforce weakened roots
Authors:   Department of Restorative Dentistry (Endodontics), Ribeirão Preto Dental School – FORP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Vansan Luiz Pascoal , Machado Ricardo ,   Clinical Practice Limited to Endodontics, Navegantes, Santa Catarina, Brazil., de Souza Celso Bernardes ,   Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto – UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Gariba Ricardo ,   Department of Restorative Dentistry (Endodontics), Ribeirão Preto Dental School – FORP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., da Cruz Antônio Miranda ,   Department of Restorative Dentistry (Endodontics), Ribeirão Preto Dental School – FORP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Muniz Cinara ,   Clinical Practice Limited to Esthetic Dentistry, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil., Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves Jardel FranciscoX ,   Department of Restorative Dentistry (Endodontics), Ribeirão Preto Dental School – FORP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Garcia Lucas da Fonseca Roberti ,   Department of Dentistry - Endodontics, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Published: April 2023

Background: This study evaluated the effects of using different root canal sealers and protocols for cleaning intraradicular dentin on the bond strength of a composite resin used to reinforce weakened roots. Material and Methods: Sixty-four roots of extracted human maxillary canines were weakened, prepared and filled with two different endodontic sealers (Endofill and AH Plus). In half of the sample, set aside for each respective sealer, excess filling material was cleaned. In the other half, the weakened areas were not cleaned, and the excess of sealer was spread on the intraradicular dentin. Intentionally worn areas inside each root were restored with a microhybrid light-cure composite resin (Z100) to reinforce them, with and without acid etching. Prefabricated metal posts were fixed with a dual resin cement (RelyX ARC), and the specimens were submitted to a pull-out test. Statistical analysis was performed by means of Shapiro-Wilk, analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer tests (pandlt;0.05). Results: The groups filled with Endofill (GI, GII, GIII, GIV) had the lowest bond strength values, which were similar among each other (pandgt;0.05).The greatest bond strength values were observed in roots filled with AH Plus (GV, GVI, GVII, GVIII), mainly without cleaning of the weakened areas, and followed by acid etching (GVII), and also with cleaning of the weakened areas, however, with no acid etching (GVI) (pandlt;0.05). Conclusion: The greatest bond strength values were observed in roots filled with AH Plus; (1) without cleaning of the weakened areas and with acid etching, and; (2) with cleaning of the weakened areas, but without acid etching.
Non-surgical rapid maxillary expansion with mini-implants in adults: A Narrative Review
Authors:   Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, Chiclayo, Perú., Cardozo Alina K. , Carruitero Marcos J. ,   Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Perú
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In recent years, rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in prepubertal growth stages has been deeply investigated; however, its study has recently been increasing in adults without need for surgery. The objective of this review is to present the results reported in the scientific literature about RME in adults. Material and Methods: Six databases were used to carry out the secondary search of the review. The search was performed virtually and studies from the last six years were considered, with a last search performed until November, 2022. Results: A total of 253 studies were found, from which 20 studies were finally selected. RME in adults can result in substantial expansion similar to that obtained in patients who have not yet completed the ossification of the mid-palatal suture. Conclusion: The reviewed scientific literature shows evidence that there are various devices supported by mini-implants as non-surgical treatment options to correct transverse deficiency and help expand the maxilla in adult patients.
Effect of different mechanical surface treatments on flexural strength of repaired denture base
Authors:   Dental Sciences Research Center, Depart-ment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Asli Hamid Neshandar , Rahimabadi Samiye ,   Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Belyani Navid ,   School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Asli Marzieh Neshandar ,   Dental School, Anzali Campus, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Falahchai Mehran ,   Dental Sciences Research Center, Depart-ment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: April 2023

Aim: To assess the effect of different mechanical surface treatments on flexural strength of repaired denture base. Material and Methods: Sixty bar-shaped specimens of heat-polymerized acrylic resin were fabricated, and divided into six groups (n=10). All specimens, except the positive control group (group PC), were sectioned into halves to create a 1-mm clearance. A negative control group with no surface treatment (group NC) was also considered. Other groups underwent different surface treatments: group Laser; treated with erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser, group APA; airborne-particle abrasion (APA), group APA plus Laser; a combination of laser and APA, and group Bur; bur grinding. After measuring surface roughness (Ra) with a profilometer, all sectioned specimens were repaired by auto-polymerizing acrylic resin, and thermocycled afterward. Three-point bending test was performed by a universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed (α=0.05). Results: The mean surface roughness of all experimental groups were significantly higher than that of group NC (pandlt;0.05). The mean flexural strength of all groups was significantly lower than that of group PC (pandlt;0.05). Group B had significantly higher flexural strength than the other surface-treated groups (pandlt;0.05). Group Laser had significantly higher flexural strength than groups APA (p=0.043) and APA plus Laser (p=0.023). No significant difference was found between groups APA and APA plus Laser (p=0.684). Conclusion: All surface treatments increased the surface roughness and flexural strength compared with the untreated group. The highest flexural strength was observed in specimens treated by bur grinding and then laser, however, it was still significantly lower than intact specimens.
Comparative study about the factors associated with parental dental anxiety in a Peruvian hospital
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de estomatología pediátrica. Lima, Perú, Cadillo-Ibarra Marleny ,   Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño. Lima, Perú., Munayco-Pantoja Evelyn ,   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de estomatología pediátrica. Lima, Perú.,   Emerge, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes y Cambio Climático, Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú., Torres-Ramos Gilmer ,   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de estomatología pediátrica. Lima, Perú,   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de estomatología pediátrica. Lima, Perú., Blanco-Victorio Daniel ,   Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Lima, Perú.
Published: April 2023

Background: Dental anxiety is a source of problems in the dental treatment that can lead to dental avoidance. Objective: Determine and compare the factors associated with dental anxiety in Peruvian parents. Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of children from 3 to 6 years old and their companions, who attended the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño in Lima, Peru. The Corah anxiety scale, the dental fear questionnaire and the Frankl scale were used to assess anxiety, parental dental fear, and children's collaboration. The following variables were also evaluated: negative dental experience, treated tooth and treatment of the children. Chi-square statistical tests, Mann-Whitney U and the binary logistic regression model were used. Results: The sample consisted of 325 children and their companions. An association was found between gender (OR = 2.456; 95% CI: 1.037 - 5.818), child collaboration (OR = 0.044; 95% CI: 0.044 - 0.543) and maternal anxiety (pandlt;0.05). Furthermore, there was an association between dental fear (OR = 3.569; 95% CI: 1.136 - 11.218), child collaboration (OR = 0.023; 95% CI: 0.003 - 0.172) and paternal anxiety (pandlt;0.05). Conclusion: The factor associated with maternal dental anxiety was the sex of the child, and on the father’s side, it was the dental fear experienced by them. Moreover, the component affiliated with both parents was the child's collaboration.
Numerical investigation into slag solidification inside an ilmenite DC arc furnace using a finite element method approach
Authors: Mabentsela A. , Mainza A.
Published: April 2023

A finite element model of a 5 m radius DC arc ilmenite furnace in idling mode was used to test the notion that the slag solidifies when it comes in to contact with colder pig iron, thus constituting the initial step in the formation of solid slag at the slag-pig iron interface. It was found that a slag that is 150°C hotter than the pig iron does not solidify at the interface. The 150°C temperature difference between the slag and pig iron is a result of solid slag at the slag-pig iron interface, not the other way around as suggested in the literature. Calculations show that the thickness of the frozen slag at the slag-pig iron interface is 1.7 cm for the furnace used. It is proposed that slag solidification begins with the slow co-current flow of molten slag and pig iron in the outer parts of the furnace. This provides enough time for molten slag to interact with molten pig iron without solidifying. As the reduction products form due to reduction of the slag by carbon in the pig iron, the slag solidifies. This approach negates the need for the slag to solidify by merely coming into contact with an inherently colder pig iron. Making use of a low thermal contact conductance between the slag and pig iron was found to be sufficient to numerically capture the presence of solid slag at the slag-pig iron interface and to preserve the 150°C difference between the slag and pig iron phase.
Step by step protocol for the Laparoscopic examination of American alligators v1
Authors: Flint Jaylene , Flint Mark , Miller Jeff
Published: April 2023

This protocol describes a minimally invasive surgical technique and approach to successfully examine the gonads of live American alligators as part of a reproductive examination used in conservation medicine and biology.
The Relationship Between Scientific Process Skills and Science Achievement: A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Dolapcioglu Sevda , Subası Münevver
Published: April 2023

One of the main challenges in science education is interpreting existing studies to improve scientific process skills. The main purpose of this study is to bring together the quantitative findings obtained on the relationship between scientific process skills and academic achievement in science education, to highlight the relevant gaps in 5838 samples, and to interpret the overall effect size. The bibliographic research was carried out through the ERIC and ProQuest databases, especially in the Science Education Research category. Two hundred thirty-four articles published between 2005 and 2020 were obtained. Following the application of the inclusion criteria, 18 articles were selected according to the random-effects model, resulting in an average effect size of 0.56. Two moderator variables with a significant correlation between science achievement and scientific process skills were analyzed (Q = 417.082; df = 17; p .05; I2 = 95.22). The percentage of the moderator variables explaining the relationship was interpreted by meta-regression analysis. Educational inferences have shown a requirement for further research at the high school and university levels on the relationship between science method skills and scientific achievement.
Evaluation of the Life Skills of Students in Adolescence: Scale Development and Analysis
Authors: Erduran Avcı Dilek , Korur Fikret
Published: April 2023

Adolescents have been the leading group for life skills (LS) education in the last decade. The primary purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the general LS of students in adolescence. In addition, the relation of adolescents' LS to gender, grade level, science/physics course scores, GPA, and socio-economic status variables was examined. This descriptive survey study included two data sets, one for the development of the scale part, including 692 students, and the other for confirmatory analysis and inferential statistics, including 887 students. LS were assessed using the Life Skills Scale (LSS), which consisted of 83 items in 10 sub-dimensions, and evaluated critical thinking, creative thinking, decision making and problem-solving, coping with stress and emotion, social responsibility, teamwork, self-esteem, self-awareness, empathy, and interpersonal relationship and communication skills of the students. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability coefficient of the scale provided solid statistical evidence, which was coherent with the 10-subdimension model of the scale. The findings revealed that the LSS is a valid and reliable tool for adolescents to evaluate their LS. Students scored highest on empathy, self-awareness, and self-esteem, whereas they scored lowest on teamwork, coping with stress emotion, and critical thinking. There was a significant relationship between various sub-dimensions of LS and some variables such as GPA, grade level, gender, and science/physics course score. The results also indicated that the academically successful students were highly skilled in most LS sub-dimensions.
Animated Concept Cartoons as a Starter for Cognitive Conflict in Online Science Learning: A Case of Circular Motion
Authors: Ozdemir Ertugrul
Published: April 2023

Before taking formal science education, learners usually construct preconceptions based on their daily life experiences, many of which are scientifically unacceptable misconceptions. In formal science learning, new concepts often contradict these misconceptions. To correct a misconception, it is first needed to create dissatisfaction about it by initiating cognitive conflict. This study aims to create an animated concept cartoon about circular motion and evaluate its usability to start cognitive conflict about centrifugal force misconception in online learning. This is a one-group quasi-experimental study whose participants are 110 undergraduate students with non-science backgrounds. An animated concept cartoon about circular motion and an online data collection instrument were developed and implemented for the participants. Results showed that half of the participants might be considered to be in a status of cognitive conflict after reading the animated concept cartoon. In addition, participants' overall satisfaction with the animated concept cartoon was found to be relatively high. Participants' satisfaction with the animated concept cartoon was equal for students with and without cognitive conflict. In the context of these findings, the animated concept cartoon may be considered an enjoyable and useful learning activity to initiate cognitive conflict in online science learning.
Online Flipped Classroom: Developing Postgraduate Science Education Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Widodo Wahono
Published: April 2023

During the Covid-19 pandemic, online learning should be carried out through innovative methods. This study aims to determine whether implementing an online flipped classroom, with converting all face-to-face sessions into virtual face-to-face sessions, can facilitate the development of critical thinking skills of postgraduate science education students in the School Physics course. This quantitative study used one group pretest-postest research design. The subjects were postgraduate science education students who took School Physics courses in the first semester at one of the public universities in Indonesia. Online Flipped classroom was supported by Google Classroom Learning Management System (LMS). Critical thinking skills data in School Physics were obtained through tests. Data were analyzed using a description of normalized changes (c) and nonparametric-inferential analysis with the Related-Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that the online flipped classroom could facilitate the development of the students’ critical thinking skills with an average normalized change of .71 in a high category. Even though the students felt the benefits of an online flipped classroom, they still wanted a face-to-face learning mode to be carried out soon.
Acquiring Scientific Process and Innovative Thinking Skills for Secondary School Sixth Grade Students through Digital Activities: An Action Research
Authors: Baysal Emine Akkaş , Yörük Ali Osman , Ocak İjlal
Published: April 2023

This research aims to develop students' scientific process and innovative thinking skills using digital activities in distance and face-to-face education. A total of 12 sixth-grade students in a primary school participated in the study. The research was action research. The analysis was carried out in the "Transmission of Electricity" unit within the scope of the sixth-grade Science Course in 5 weeks and 20-course hours. The quantitative data were collected with "The scientific Process Skills Scale" and "Innovative Thinking Scale". Semi-structured interview forms, researcher, and student diaries were used to acquire qualitative data. The study's findings revealed that students showed improvement in gaining scientific processes and innovative thinking skills. It was observed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the science process skills test applied before and after the application in favor of the post-test. It was determined that students' use of scientific thinking skills increased during the experiments and activities. Moreover, students identified themselves with the work of scientists and improved their skills in conducting scientific processes. This situation shows that students can gain a scientific approach and innovative thinking skills with the active use of digital activities, especially in Science.
A Research on Teachers’ Views about the Metaverse Platform and Its Usage in Education
Authors: Gürkan Gülşah , Bayer Harun
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to determine primary and secondary teachers' views of the concept of "metaverse". In line with the aim of the study, a questionnaire consisting of closed and open-ended questions about the metaverse platform and its applications in the field of education was applied to 122 teachers. The results showed that approximately 65% of the teachers stated that they knew the concept of the metaverse and its applications. In addition, approximately 55% of the teachers stated that they first heard about the metaverse concept from social media, and 45% stated that they were most aware of metaverse applications in the field of play. Most teachers (69.7%) answered no about the benefits of the metaverse platform in education. Approximately 95% of the teachers stated that they wanted seminars and workshops on metaverse applications in education and wanted these studies to be mostly aimed at introducing the metaverse platform and its applications in the educational environment. Based on the study results, introductory pre-service and in-service studies can be conducted for teachers regarding the metaverse and its applications in the field of education and its possible benefits.
Comparative Review of Science Teachers’ and Prospective Science Teachers’ Awareness, Efficacy and Attitudes and Opinions towards STEM
Authors: Gülpinar Şeyma Nur , Bakir Selda
Published: April 2023

This research aims to compare the awareness, efficacy and attitudes, and opinions of science teachers (STs) and prospective science teachers (PSTs) toward STEM. In this study, convergent parallel design from mixed methods was used. The study group consists of 45 STs and 177 PSTs. In the quantitative dimension of the study, “Teacher Efficacy and Attitudes Towards STEM Survey” and “STEM Awareness Scale ” were applied to the study group, which was formed by sampling criteria and maximum diversity from purposeful sampling. In the qualitative dimension of the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 STs and 25 PSTs selected through maximum diversity sampling from purposeful sampling. As a result of the research, it was observed that although the STEM awareness, efficacy, and attitudes of STs and PSTs were similar, they had positive attitudes. However, most of the participants in both groups considered themselves inadequate in STEM, expressed their opinions about the adverse effects of STEM applications as well as their positive effects, and that STEM applications were effective in career selection and country development.
Review on Graphene Based Photocatalyst for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors:   Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Mohd Shah Rosmahani , Mohamad Yunus Rozan ,   Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, H. Kadhum Abdul Amir ,   Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Wai Yin Wong ,   Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Jeffery Minggu Lorna ,   Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: April 2023

Global warming and lack of energy are two important issues of this century. Heating caused by increased carbon dioxide is an important issue that can be addressed through the process of reducing carbon dioxide to produce certain sources of chemicals and fuels. At the same time, the production of carbon-based products through the reduction process can be generated to assist in the generation of useful energy. Reduced carbon dioxide by photocatalytic methods is increasingly gaining attention as this method can convert carbon dioxide into hydrocarbon fuels. Graphene, a two-dimensional material is now widely used in photocatalytic methods to enhance the ability of the reduction process. High electrical conductivity, wide surface area and high chemical stability make graphene-based photocalisers have their own advantages in reducing carbon dioxide. Fabrication of graphene-based materials has been known as one of the most feasible strategy to improve the carbon dioxide reduction performance of photocatalyst. Moreover, the combination of graphene with semiconductors provides a facile strategy to enhance their activities and stabilities.This study discusses the features and designs of graphene-based photocatalysts that aid the reduction process and the problems faced by graphene-based photocatalysts are also discussed for future applications. Through reviewing the significant advances on this topic, it may provide new opportunities for designing highly efficient graphene-based photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction application.
Preparation of Sr0.6Ba0.4Ce0.9Ga0.1O3-δ Electrolyte Pellets by Glycine-Nitrate Method for Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications
Authors:   Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Norman Nur Wardah , Wan Yusoff Wan Nor Anasuhah ,   Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Abdul Samat Abdullah ,   Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Muchtar Andanastuti ,   Centre for Materials Engineering and Smart Manufacturing (MERCU), Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: April 2023

The SrCeO3-based electrolyte pellet is one of the most commonly used materials in electrolyte research since the introduction of proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell at intermediate temperatures. Electrolyte Sr0.6Ba0.4Ce0.9Ga0.1O3-δ (SBCG) has been produced by the glycine-nitrate method as it is found to produce fine powders in a short time and support in lowering sintering temperatures. A systematic characterization has been carried out on the electrolyte powders to determine properties such as thermal decomposition (thermogravimetric analysis, TGA), purity of the electrolyte powders (X-ray diffraction, XRD) and elemental analysis via X-ray energy distribution (EDX). Further, morphological characterization of the electrolyte pellets was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TGA recorded the decomposition of the selective compounds was completed at a temperature of 1000°C. Based on the three calcination temperatures of 900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C, the powders calcined at 1000 °C were found to be eligible for the sintering process in the production of electrolyte pellet. This electrolyte pellet achieved a relative density of 99%. In addition, the pellet calcined at 1000 °C also displayed distinctive grain boundary despite having a wide range of grain sizes. Based on this study, Sr0.6Ba0.4Ce0.9Ga0.1O3-δ has been shown to have great potential to be used as an electrolyte for the application of proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells at intermediate temperatures.
Digital Games as Persuasion Spaces for Political Marketing: Joe Biden’s Campaign in Fortnite
Authors: De la Cruz Jenniffer Soto , De la Hera Teresa , Gómez Sara Cortés , Lacasa Pilar
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to explore how digital entertainment games are used as spaces for political persuasion in electoral campaigns, by examining Joe Biden’s use of Fortnite during the campaign for the 2020 US presidential election as a case study. To date, the study of persuasive communication related to games has been mostly focused on persuasive games. This article approaches the use of entertainment games as spaces for persuasive communication answering the research question: How is political marketing—and electoral propaganda specifically—embedded into digital entertainment games? To answer this question, we have analyzed the persuasive dimensions of the Biden–Harris campaign in Fortnite using a qualitative mixed-methods approach that combined the identification and analysis of the persuasive strategies used in the game with a textual analysis of 19 articles discussing the campaign. The results of the analysis of the Biden–Harris campaign in Fortnite show that the persuasive efforts embedded in the game mostly made use of textual persuasion and procedural persuasion, relying largely on goal rules. The results of the textual analysis of the articles show that, although there is an appreciation of how the campaign links political persuasive goals with the challenges presented to the player, the lack of understanding of the persuasive potential of the game results in a gaming experience that in some cases does not meet the expectations of Fortnite’s experienced and demanding players.
Digital modeling of critical conditions after metacarpophalangeal joint replacement
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia, Nikolaenko A.N. , vanov V.V. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia, Doroganov S.O. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia, Bukaty A.S. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia, Zgirsky D.O. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia, Isaykin P.Yu. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
Published: April 2023

Introduction The current status of small joint arthroplasty, the metacarpophalangeal joint replacement, in particular, dictates the need for development and research of new implant designs and materials for their manufacture. The vector of development of anatomically adapted implants has become established, and full preclinical study is required to obtain the best functional results from the use of new medical devices. The objective was to analyze digital models of critical conditions of metacarpophalangeal joint replacement using mechanical and clinical data. Material and methods A two‑component all-ceramic, anatomically adapted endoprosthesis of the metacarpophalangeal joint was developed between 2017 and 2021. A digital model of the metacarpophalangeal joint endoprosthesis was constructed using 3D modeling technology. Critical conditions of the digital model imitating the main stereotypes of movements were explored with the finite element method; objective technical results obtained and interpreted in a clinical language. Results Loads over 20 kg should be avoided with movements up to 60° in the early postoperative period. The load must not exceed 10 kg for motion ranging between 60° and 90°. The endoprosthesis allowed for a functional range of motion of 30-60° after MCP joint replacement without significant risks of complications. Discussion The study has demonstrated the importance of objectifying clinical results to minimize the risk of complications in a clinical scenario. Conclusion The technology based on a digital model of the metacarpophalangeal joint constructed to calculate critical conditions using the Ansys software facilitated prediction of most common complications of MCP arthroplasty and preceded further multicentric clinical trials.
Analysis of leukocyte indices in patients with revision hip arhtroplasty
Authors:   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Matveeva E.L. , Gasanova A.G. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Spirkina E.S. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Ermakov A.M. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation
Published: April 2023

Introduction The widespread application of large joint arthroplasty is accompanied by an increase in the complications associated with periprosthetic infection. Currently, treating patients with infectious complications in the area of large joint arthroplasty remains a relevant issue. Purpose To determine the prognostic value of leukocyte indices in patients with revision hip arthroplasty. Materials and methods The study involved 88 patients with revision hip arthroplasty hospitalized at the Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 77) were patients without periprosthetic infection (mean age 60.1 ± 1.5 years) and group 2 (n = 11) were patients with periprosthetic infection (age 55, 2 ± 4.7 years). An analysis of the preoperative results of determining the number of leukocytes and leukocyte formula was carried out with the calculation of the leukocyte index of intoxication and the resistance index of the organism. The reliability of differences in indicators in groups was determined. According to the odds ratio, the probability of developing an infectious process was estimated. Results The level of leukocytes in the blood serum and the leukocyte index of intoxication of patients of groups 1 and 2 had no significant differences. In patients with an infectious process, their level was higher by 19.7 %, however, not going beyond the normal range. Differences in the index of intoxication in patients of groups 1 and 2 were not noted. In the 2nd group of patients, the resistance index of the organism significantly exceeded that of the 1st group, remaining within the normal range in both groups. When calculating the prognosis for the development of infectious complications, the value of the odds ratio for the resistance index of the organism is exactly an order of magnitude higher than this indicator for leukocytes and the leukocyte index of intoxication. Conclusion The prognosis of the clinical situation in revision hip arthroplasty should consider not only local changes and the general condition of the patient, but also an assessment of laboratory parameters, in particular, the resistance index of the body.
Assessment of the perioperative status in children with SMA receiving nusinersen and undergoing reconstructive orthopedic interventions
Authors:   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Evreinov V.V. , Lukoyanova A.V. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Popkov D.A. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Zhirova T.A. ,   Ural Institute of Traumatology and orthopedics named after V. D. Chaklin, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: April 2023

Surgical methods for treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in children are aimed at improving their positioning and maintaining the ability of verticalization. Assessment of neurological, somatic and motor status of patients, individual selection of drugs for anesthesia and sedation at the stage of planning surgical interventions allow the anesthesiologist/resuscitator to avoid perioperative adverse events. Purpose To compare the course of the perioperative period in children with SMA who received pathogenetic therapy with nusinersen with the control group during orthopedic correction of acquired skeletal deformities. Materials and methods The retrospective analysis for the period from 2019 to 2021 included 23 children. Depending on the ongoing pathogenetic therapy, children with SMA were divided into 2 groups. The main group (SMA+N) included 9 children who received nusinersen; the control group (CG) included 14 children without antisense oligonucleotide therapy. Co-morbidities, hemodynamic parameters, blood loss, need for analgesics and complications were studied. Results Insignificant differences between the groups were recorded based on the Hammersmith Extended Scale (HFMSE). At the same time, similar comorbid pathology, the severity of respiratory failure, and the absence of differences in the frequency of the NIV application indicated that the groups were comparable. This is probably due to the late start of SMA treatment, degenerative changes in motor neurons, and fatty degeneration of muscle tissue. Conclusion Intake of nusinersen in patients with SMA type II-III and a long period of illness, severe neurological and respiratory disorders do not lead to a significant regression of symptoms in the perioperative period. The therapy with antisense oligonucleotides in severe muscle hypotonia does not exclude the risk of adverse events in the perioperative period in children with SMA type II-III during orthopedic correction of skeletal deformities.
Models for purulent septic inflammation of the tibia in rats to assess the effect of bioresorbable materials with antimicrobial drugs
Authors:   Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Smolentsev D.V. , Lukina Yu.S. ,   Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bionyshev-Abramov L.L. ,   Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Serezhnikova N.B. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vasiliev M.G. ,   Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Senyagin A.N. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pkhakadze T.Ya. ,   Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: April 2023

Introduction A brief review of modeling purulent septic inflammation in rats, including with the help of an active bacterial agent, and methods for diagnosing inflammation are given. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the results of the development of an effective experimental model of purulent septic inflammation of the tibia in rats using minimally invasive methods for diagnosing infection in vivo. Materials and methods Various models of purulent septic inflammation were studied in four groups of small laboratory animals, when using the inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods for assessing purulent-septic inflammation that are not destructible by the object have been worked out: microbiological, tomographic, morphological. Results The results of the study indicate the possibility of creating experimental purulent-septic inflammation in rats by 14-60 days using S. aureus inoculation, which is a severe, rapidly progressive purulent infection that leads to extensive destruction of the bone with the formation of sequesters. Discussion To guarantee the formation of a purulent-inflammatory process of bone tissue in a shorter period of observation, a quantitatively controlled invasion of an active bacterial agent is necessary. A sclerosing agent and formation of a fistulous tract are not essential in creating inflammation. Conclusion The results of the development of experimental models for the creation of purulent-septic inflammation using minimally invasive in vivo diagnostic methods are demonstrated, which will allow an adequate assessment of the degree of infection before treatment.
Ohio Health Care Professionals’ Survey: Work and Home Stressors During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McCloskey Rebecca J. , Goldberg Lily , Santucci Robert , Koralewski Justin , Kocinski II Michael J. , Clark Hammond Gretchen
Published: April 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic brought unparalleled strain to the United States’ already overburdened health care workforce, and research is just beginning to shed light on its effects. This study sought to document health care pro-vider stressors during the pandemic to inform prevention and intervention strategies to better support their well-being.
Methods: A one-time online survey was completed in July and August 2021 by Ohio health care professionals employed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed for work and employment status changes and measured the severity of various work and home stressors among respondents who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 12 807).
Results: Over a quarter of respondents had a change in work setting, and 59% had an increase in their workload; 20% of respondents were furloughed, laid off, or unemployed at some point during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 37% reported a negative financial impact. The work stressors causing the greatest concern were spreading the virus and insuf-ficient communication from leadership. The primary home stressors were a lack of quality time with family and friends, being too tired when home from work to cook, do chores, etc, and being a supportive, present parent. At least half of the sample scored each of these as moderate, significant, or extreme stressors.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic caused unrelenting stress affecting Ohio health care professionals at work and at home. Prevention and early intervention programs and public policies are required to prevent burnout and better support health care worker well-being.
Numerical investigation on the effect of slit thickness and outlet angle of the bladeless fan for flow optimization using CFD techniques
Authors: RAVI Dineshkumar , RAJ RAJAGOPAL Thundil Karuppa
Published: April 2023

The effect of outlet thickness and outlet angle of the bladeless fan have been an alysed numerically on the aerodynamic performance of the bladeless fan. Five different aerofoil profiles have been considered for the present work is Eppler 479, Eppler169, Eppler 473, S1046 and S1048. The bladeless fan arrangement has been achieved by converting the aerodynamic models listed above. The ANSYS ICEM CFD 16.0 have been used to discretize the enclosure and bladeless fan through finite volume approach. The mesh model is then imported into ANSYS CFX 16.0 pre-processor for applying the required boundary conditions. The governing equations namely continuity and momentum are used to solve the flow physics through and across the bladeless fan and SST k-? turbulence model has been used to predict the turbulence in the bladeless fan. The effect of outlet thicknesses and outlet angles have been varied for all the five aerofoil configurations mentioned and the volumetric flow at inlet have been adjusted from 5 LPS to 80 LPS. Outlet thickness is varied from 0.8, 1.0, 1.3, 1.5 and 2 mm and the slit angle is varied from 20 degrees to 80 degrees in step of 10 degrees. The results predicted that Eppler 473 aerofoil profile showed better performance when the thickness of slit and outlet angle has been fixed constant as 1 mm and 70 degree respectively. Also, the maximum discharge flow ratio is recorded for an inlet volumetric flow rate of 80 LPS and it is found to be 34.37. The present numerical study substantiated that outlet thickness plays a dominant role on the bladeless fan’s aerodynamic performance compared to outlet angle and aerodynamic shape considered in this numerical analysis. The contours of velocity, streamline and pressure of the bladeless fan have been discussed.
INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATE TYPES AND WAYS TO ADJUST THEIR AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES FOR BIOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF SWEET PEPPER SEEDLINGS
Authors:   National Research Mordovian State University, Ivanov D.I. , Ivanova N.N. ,   National Research Mordovian State University
Published: April 2023

There are some problems of growing plants on pure vermiculite and mineral wool substrates in sheltered ground. It is suggested that the problems arise due to alkalization of substrates. The article presents results of the studies on the influence of preparation methods of peat and vermiculite substrates on biometric parameters of sweet pepper seedlings. The research was carried out in a vegetative experiment established in 2017–2019 in the scientific laboratory of Agrarian Institute of Mordovian State University named after N. P. Ogaryov. Two substrates and four ways of adjustment to their agrochemical properties were studied: 1) watering with a nutrient solution with 5.0 pH; 2) preliminary phosphating of the substrate, followed by watering with a nutrient solution with a pH of 5.0; 3) watering with a nutrient solution with a pH of 4.0; 4) application of nutrients into the soil in reserve, followed by irrigation with tap water with a pH of 5.0. Seedlings were grown in a vegetation chamber with adjustable parameters: daytime air temperature +24...+26, at night + 18...+20 degrees Celsius, illumination - 7 klx. A hydroponic solution was used (modified medium for tomatoes according to Aliev E.A.). Watering was carried out by the method of drainage flooding. It was found that the peat substrate provided the best development of seedlings - the plants were characterized by a greater wet weight (+4.91 g), height (+14 cm), leaf area (+148.1 square centimeters). High alkalization of vermiculite substrate from pH 5.95 to 8.14 was revealed. Better growth of sweet pepper seedlings was ensured by constant acidification of the nutrient solution to 4.0 pH, as well as preliminary phosphating of the substrate and subsequent cultivation at 5.0 pH of the nutrient solution. Preliminary phosphating of the vermiculite substrate resulted in an increase of leaf area by 115.5 square cm, wet biomass - by 5.38 g. Acidifying of the nutrient solution to 4.0 pH had a similar beneficial effect on pepper seedling growth.