bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vanad udmurdi kombed taaselustatakse kõigepealt linnades. Intervjuu Galina Gluhhovaga
Authors:   Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu, Estonia, Neier Agnes
Published: April 2022

Udmurt folklorist Galina Glukhova works as guest researcher at the Department of Folkloristics of the Estonian Literary Museum from 21 February to the end of May 2022. The current dean of the Institute of Udmurt Philology, Finno-Ugric Studies and Journalism of the Udmurt State University is in Tartu in connection with the kindred people’s project “Mumming in Udmurt Culture”. Glukhova’s main fields of interest are related to Udmurt and Finno-Ugric folklore, calendrical traditions, mythology, and Udmurt literature. Interview with the Udmurt researcher was conducted by Agnes Neier.
The potency of minerals to reduce oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits
Authors: Pangihutan Josua Crystovel , Dono Danar , Hidayat Yusup
Published: April 2022

Introductions

In many areas, particularly in Asia, the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) causes considerable fruit damage on various plants. The fruit fly causes significant economic losses every year due to reduced fruit quantity and quality as well as export restrictions. This study aimed to examine the potency of minerals in controlling the oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits.

Methods

Experiments were conducted under laboratory and semi-field conditions using randomized block design. Ten minerals (i.e. kaolin, talc, zinc oxide, bentonite, sulfur, dolomite, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and zeolite) and an untreated control were tested under laboratory conditions. Twenty chili fruits at a green stage were soaked in each mineral suspension (2%, w/v), air-dried, and placed in a trial cage (23-L plastic container) containing 20 female oriental fruit flies. In a semi-field bioassay using a screen cage (100 cm × 70 cm × 120 cm), 20 female oriental fruit flies were exposed to a fruit-bearing chili plant sprayed with mineral suspension.

Results

Talc and calcium oxide significantly reduced the numbers of visiting fruit flies, oviposition holes, and eggs laid, as well as the percentage of infested chili fruits in a laboratory bioassay. Calcium hydroxide was substantially better than talc in controlling fruit fly infestation in a semi-field bioassay, although it was not significantly different from calcium oxide and calcium carbonate.

Conclusion

Overall, calcium oxide is a viable option for the long-term control of the oriental fruit fly on chili fruits. Calcium oxide could be utilized as the push component of a push-pull strategy to manage oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits because of its potential to inhibit the number of visiting fruit flies and oviposition.
КОМБИНИРОВАННЫЙ АНАЛОГО-ЦИФРОВОЙ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬ РАСШИРЕННОГО СЧЁТА ДЛЯ ДАТЧИКОВ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Белоусов Е.О. , Кочетков Д.В. , Максимов А.К. , Моленкамп К.М. , Эннс А.В. , Эннс В.И.
Published: April 2022

В статье представлена схема компактного двухрежимного интегрального аналого-цифрового преобразователя для применения в составе датчика изображения. Преобразователь спроектирован по технологии КМДП 180 нм и предназначен для обработки аналогового сигнала со столбца пикселей матрицы датчика; размеры АЦП на кристалле составляют 250 мкм 12 мкм, потребляемая мощность равна 198 мкВт при напряжении питания 3,3 В. Преобразователь работает последовательно в режиме счётчика и алгоритмическом режиме, выходной код формируется при помощи новой схемы цифровой коррекции.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ПОДХОД ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ МИКРОСХЕМ ВЫСОКОВОЛЬТНЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ПИТАНИЯ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Силаев А.С. , Полевиков В.В. , Шомахмадов Д.П. , Степанов С.А.
Published: April 2022

В статье представлен современный подход и новые принципы проектирования интегральных микросхем высоковольтных источников питания. Приведен маршрут проектирования интегральной микросхемы с учетом нового вида анализа по обеспечению надежности микросхемы от саморазогрева.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ХРАНЕНИЯ ИНФОРМАЦИИ В МЕМРИСТОРЕ НА ОСНОВЕ НИТРИДА КРЕМНИЯ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Красников Г.Я. , Макеев В.В. , Саттаров П.Ш. , Степанов А.А. , Орлов О.М.
Published: April 2022

В статье приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований зависимостей ВАХ тестовых мемристорных структур на основе нитрида кремния от времени хранения и электрических режимов. Определена ширина окна памяти, ее зависимость от температуры и напряжения чтения. Исследовано переключение тестовых структур в импульсном режиме при многократном циклировании. Исследованы ВАХ при различных температурах. Проведен расчет времени хранения состояния мемристорной структуры по модели Аррениуса.
ВЛИЯНИЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ТЕРМООТВЕРЖДЕНИЯ В АНТИОТРАЖАЮЩЕМ ПОКРЫТИИ НА ПРОФИЛЬ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ФОТОРЕЗИСТА, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Кузнецова Н.А. , Малимоненко Н.В. , Билданов М.А. , Варламов Д.А. , Грибов Б.Г.
Published: April 2022

Исследовано влияние концентрации в антиотражающем покрытии кислотного (п-толуолсульфокислота) и нейтрального (триэтиламмониевая соль додецилбензолсульфокислоты) катализаторов сшивки полимерного связующего на профиль элементов фоторезиста.
Effect of Crayfish (Procombarus clarkia) Supplementation on the Quality of Cookies from Wheat Flour
Authors: Ibrahim S. , Inelo E. D. , Kure O. A.
Published: April 2022

The utilization of composite flour from wheat and crayfish in the production of cookies was investigated. The wheat and crayfish flour were blended at the ratios of 100:0, 97.5:2.5, 95:5, 92.5:7.5, and 90:10, respectively. The cookies were evaluated for their proximate, minerals, physical and Sensory properties; The results of the proximate analysis showed an increase in the protein content (7.88-38.94%), moisture (4.61-6.27%), fiber (1.95-3.65%) and fat (0.98-3.11%) as the level of crayfish flour increased while there was a decrease in the carbohydrate content (77.94-40.45%) as the level of crayfish flour increased. The ash content ranged from 5.77 to 7.89%. The mineral compositions showed an increased trend in calcium, potassium, and sodium contents of the cookies as the crayfish supplementation increased but decreased phosphorus content as the level of crayfish supplementation increased. Iron ranged from 4.70-to 5.20. The calcium, potassium, iron, sodium and phosphorus ranged from 5.35-6.60 mg/100g, 650-930 mg/100g, 4.75-5.20 mg/100g, 670-870 mg/100g and 1577-23420 mg/100g respectively. The cookies' weight, diameter, and thickness decreased as the level of crayfish supplementation increased. There was a significant (p<0.05) difference observed in the appearance, flavor, taste, texture, crispness, and general acceptability of the cookies. Taste panel scores indicate that up to 10% addition of crayfish flour was acceptable in cookie preparation.
Barleria acanthoides Vahl. Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: F. Al-Shlawi Musferah , Perveen Kahkashan , Bukhari Najat A.
Published: April 2022

Barleria acanthoides Vahl members of the Acanthaceae are plants of the old world, found in the regions of Africa, the Arab peninsula and Southeast Asia. The plant contains several phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and secondary metabolites that can assist in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs). Therefore, in the present study, B. acanthoides was explored for the utilization of B. acanthoides extract for the synthesis of stable SNPs as well as for their antibacterial properties. The AgNO3 solution (5 mM) and plant leaf extract at a ratio of 9:1 were mixed for the preparation of reaction mixture. The green synthesis of SNPs was achieved when the reaction mixture was heated at 90oC for 5 min. The synthesized SNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and DLS analysis. Furthermore, the SNPs were evaluated for their antibacterial potential by a well diffusion against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Pseudomona aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the SNPs against bacteria was also evaluated. The SNP synthesis mediated by B. acanthoides was simple, quick, and risk-free. The characterization of SNPs by various analyses showed that the SNPs were spherical with an average size of 45.15 nm. The SNPs showed broad spectrum antibacterial properties. A maximum zone of inhibition was observed against E. coli (33.75 mm), followed by P. aeruginosa (16.67 mm), S. aureus (16.5 mm), and B. subtilis (14.33 mm). The MIC value of SNPs was found to be 1.56 μl /ml for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis, while the MIC value for S. aureus was 3.125 μl /ml.

Conclusion: B. acanthoides can be explored further for the non-hazardous, eco-friendly synthesis of SNPs for medical and therapeutic uses.
Effect of Domestic Savings and Investments on Nigeria’s Economy: 1981-2020
Authors: Remigius Chinwoke Ejinkonye, , Ikeotuonye Victor Okonkwo,
Published: April 2022

This study assessed effect of gross domestic savings and investments on Nigeria’s economy. The poor economic well-being in Nigeria seems to be caused by poor savings and consequent poor investment. There seems to be weak links among domestic savings, domestic investment and economic growth in Nigeria possibly due to low income, policy inconsistencies, low productivity among others. The general objective of the study was to examine the effect of gross domestic savings and investments on the Nigerian economy for the period 1981-2020. The data used were extracted from the data base of World Development Indicators. Harrod-Domar growth Model and neoclassical growth theory of savings and investments explained the conceptual framework of this study. The unit root test, co-integration test and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Using regression techniques the results showed that there is positive and significant relationship between gross domestic savings and gross domestic product per capita; there is negative but significant relationship between gross domestic investment and gross domestic product growth rate per capita; there is positive and significant relationship between gross domestic savings and adjusted net national income per capita; and there is negative but significant relationship between gross domestic investments and adjusted net national income per capita in Nigeria. Thus, gross domestic savings and investments contributed to economic growth and development in Nigeria. The work recommended that the Nigerian monetary authority should sustain the monetary policy rate between 11% and 12% and encourage savings deposit rate to be between 1.5% and 2.5%; and investment environment should be conducive through policy consistency from the Government; and that capital flight need to be curbed by improving ease of doing business in Nigeria by streamlining business registration process, and ensuring enforcement of national digital policy.
In-hospital Outcomes of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Presenting with acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi
Authors: Shah Arshad Ali , Shah Syed Dilbahar Ali , Zafar Amara , Shaikh Ghulam Abbas , Aslam Muhammad , Kumar Suresh , Majid Abdul , Khan Maheen , Syed Hareem , Khan Muhammad Sami , Lashari Mohammad Nawaz , Kumar Dileep
Published: April 2022

Background: Although primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is now frequently performed in Pakistan, there is little data available regarding its outcomes in tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan. This study was designed to determine the outcomes, and assess the factors influencing these outcomes of PPCI.

Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted on the data of patients who presented to the department of Cardiology, Dr. Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi from October 2017 to March 2019 with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and underwent PPCI. A total of 115 patients were included in this study.

Results: Out of the 115 patients, 111 had a successful PPCI. The total mortality was 2.6% (3 deaths). One of the patients was reported to have a stent thrombosis. No emergency coronary artery by-pass graft (CABG) was performed and none of the patients had a stroke or any major bleeding. An accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) was noted in 23 (20%) of the patients. Pre-procedure 87% of the patients had thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade 0 and only 11.3% were having TIMI flow grade 1. Post procedure a vast majority of the patients (97%) achieved TIMI flow grade 3.

Conclusions: Our study reports a very high success rate of PPCI which is consistent with the data reported from the Western countries. A major limitation of our study was the relatively small sample size. A larger sample size would have better predicted outcomes considering this is one of the few such studies in this region. Further studies with larger sample size and long-term follow up outcomes are recommended.
Frequency of Coronary Artery Anomalies Undergoing Coronary Interventions Patients at Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Manzoor Vengus , Hussain Sabir , Hussain Wajid , Jamil Araj , Shaikh Laraib , Ahmed Bilal
Published: April 2022

Aims: This study aims to identify the frequency of Coronary Artery Anomalies (CAA) in coronary intervention receiving patients at tertiary care hospital.

Sample: To obtain the sample size of the study i.e., 228 were selected at a Confidence level of 95%.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: This Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Tertiary care hospital - National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Sindh-Karachi. Six months after the approval from IRB-NICVD (April 2018 – October 2018).

Methodology: Nonprobability consecutive sampling was used to collect the study data. All Patients of either gender from age 18 to 60 years of age undergoing Primary Coronary Intervention (PCI)/ coronary artery angiography because of substernal chest pain were included.

Results: Total 228 sample population was enrolled in the study, among which 88 (38.6%) were females and 140 (61.4%) were males. CAA was found in the coronary arteries of patients with abnormal aortic valves with a frequency of 1.3 percent. The most often occurring anomaly in our analysis is the separation of the origins of Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) and Left Circumflex Artery (LCx) from the Left Coronary Artery (LCA). The Circumflex Artery resulting from Right Coronary Sinus (RCS)/ Right Coronary Artery (RCA) was the second most often seen anomaly in our analysis, accounting for 22.78 percent of all anomalies. The RCA caused by LCS was the next abnormality, with a 7.59 percent frequency. In three cases, the left major coronary artery was derived from RCS, accounting for 3.8 percent of abnormalities.

Conclusion: Among patients receiving diagnostic coronary angiography, we discovered a 0.9 percent incidence of coronary artery abnormalities. In our research, the prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities was 7% among patients who had coronary procedures. The drawback of our research is that we only included individuals who had had coronary angiograms rather than a random sample of the different cardiac tertiary care hospitals.
Tablets in Capsule as Strategy to Improve Adherence in Patients Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Peña M. A. , Roger F. , Torrado G.
Published: April 2022

Aims: The main objective of this work has been the development of delayed-release hard capsule containing mini-tablets of two-platelet antiaggregant, acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel, for the treatment of patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome at risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, therefore jointly is administered an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, the ranitidine.

Study Design: Design of mini-tablets into a capsule for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome.

Methodology: For the galenic preparation of the three mini-tablets, an in-depth study of the choice of excipients and the most appropriate manufacturing methodology was carried out. Once the suitability of the mixture for use in direct compression was determined, which is the selected technological method, as it is the most profitable and involves less time, the mini-tablets were prepared and their physical characterization. Tablet appearance and physical characteristics such as dimensions, thickness, mass, resistance to crushing, friability, disintegration time and content uniformity met the requirements established according to pharmacopoeia to ensure the quality of the tablets.

Results: The final formulation consists of the grouping of mini-tablets of three drugs in a delayed-release hard capsule ("tablets-in-capsule") for the treatment of patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome at risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. All tablets show resistance to crushing, disintegration, and friability features that strictly meet pharmacopoeia requirements.

Conclusion: Adherence to treatment is increased because the concomitant administration of three active ingredients is unified in a single pharmaceutical dosage form.
Low HDL Levels as a Major Risk Factor of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Pakistani Old Age Population
Authors: Mushtaq Hafiza Maryam , Ali Zaryab , Zafar Kinza , Butt Muhammad Zarrar Arif
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main source of death around the world, which has turned into an overall general medical condition. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a typical clinical basic disease.

Objective: The basic aim of the study is to analyse the low high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels as a major risk factor of acute myocardial infarction in Pakistan.

Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Ghazi Khan Medical College and DHQ Hafizabad between June and November 2021, according to the ethical committee of the hospital. The data was collected from 100 patients of both genders.

Results: The mean age was 45±5.46 years. The extent of male subjects was higher in bunches with high Triglycerides (TG) levels, while the distinction in age was not measurably critical.

Conclusion: It is concluded that low HDL level is noted to be present in a high percentage of acute myocardial infarction patients and can be a major risk contributor to old age patients.
Prevalence of Polypharmacy among Elderlies Who Attends the Primary Health Care Centers in Medina, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Ahmed Dhaifallah Hamad , Alharbi Alhanouf Dhaifallah Hamad
Published: April 2022

The rising incidence of non-communicable diseases is one of the greatest concerns confronting health systems worldwide in the twenty-first century. The elderly population's high prevalence of non-communicable diseases has increased drug prescriptions. Consequently, polypharmacy, or numerous drugs, has become prevalent. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of polypharmacy among the elderly population in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, who attends primary health care centers. A cross-sectional study was done on 400 participants. 60% of participants were 55-70 years old. 23.7% of elderly participants were with minor polypharmacy, 34.7% of elderly participants were with moderate polypharmacy, and 32.7% of elderly participants were with major polypharmacy as they had more than five medicines at the same time. This study revealed that most participants suffer from chronic health conditions and use high-dose medicines daily. In conclusion, the Saudi Arabia government and the welfare organizations of the Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah must arrange seminars and campaigns to raise awareness about the dependency on medicines and limit the negative effects of polypharmacy among this special group.
Symmetry Engineering Induced In‐Plane Polarization in MoS2 through Van der Waals Interlayer Coupling
Authors: Zheng Xiaoming , Wei Yuehua , Zhang Xiangzhe , Wei Zhenhua , Luo Wei , Guo Xiao , Liu Jinxin , Peng Gang , Cai Weiwei , Huang Han , Lv Tieyu , Deng Chuyun , Zhang Xueao
Published: April 2022

2D materials with low‐symmetry exhibit anisotropic physical properties, making them promising candidates for various applications. However, the lack of matured synthesis methods in anisotropic 2D materials is still the main obstacle to their future applications. Given the mature synthesis method of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), manipulating anisotropy in 2D TMDCs becomes a promising way to tune or trigger functional properties. Herein, for the first time, a van der Waals symmetry engineering is reported to introduce in‐plane polarization in MoS2 through contact with low‐symmetric CrOCl. The emergence of asymmetric second harmonic generation pattern in MoS2/CrOCl heterojunction indicates the variation of lattice symmetry in MoS2. Furthermore, the theoretical simulation shows that such change stems from lattice‐mismatch‐induced uniaxial strain because of the strong interlayer interactions. The angle‐dependent Raman and photoluminescence spectra further identify that the uniaxial strain gives rise to the in‐plane polarization in MoS2. In addition, the polarized MoS2 exhibits excellent orientation‐sensitive electrical characteristics with a conductance anisotropy ratio of ≈1.5. More importantly, the strong linear polarization‐sensitive photodetection is realized, and the anisotropic ratio reached 1.25 with 532 nm. The results suggest that symmetric engineering potentially opens up a new field to endow high‐symmetry 2D materials with anisotropic functionalities.
Evaluation of Dibenzocyclooctyne and Bicyclononyne Click Reaction on Azido‐Functionalized Antifouling Polymer Brushes via Microspotting
Authors: Yang Bingquan , Wang Yangxin , Vorobii Mariia , Sauter Eric , Koenig Meike , Kumar Ravi , Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar , Hirtz Michael
Published: April 2022

Strain‐promoted alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) has become an indispensable tool in bioorthogonal conjugation and surface immobilization. While numerous studies have focused on enhancing the reactivity of cyclooctynes, a facile method to evaluate the binding efficiency for cyclooctyne‐azide‐based immobilization without any sophisticated facilities is still missing. In the present work, different derivatives of dibenzocyclooctyne/bicyclononyne (DBCO/BCN) linked to either a fluorophore or a biotin‐moiety are patterned on ultra‐low fouling polymer brushes, which can avoid unspecific protein contamination without any prior blocking steps. The polymer brushes are composed of an antifouling bottom block and azide‐terminated top block. The assessment of binding efficiency is conducted on ordered arrays spotted by microchannel cantilever spotting (μCS) with a normal fluorescent microscope. Both cyclooctynes demonstrate reliable binding performance with azide‐bearing diblock polymer brushes via μCS, but DBCO shows a higher surface density of molecular immobilization according to the protein binding assays. This work provides a reference for choosing appropriate cyclooctyne to couple with azides and can be useful for the design of biosensors or bio‐platforms for analyte detection, cell capture, and other biological applications.
Grafting Ink for Direct Writing: Solvation Activated Covalent Functionalization of Graphene
Authors: Xia Yuanzhi , Sun Li , Eyley Samuel , Daelemans Brent , Thielemans Wim , Seibel Johannes , De Feyter Steven
Published: April 2022

Covalent functionalization of graphene (CFG) has shown attractive advantages in tuning the electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermal properties of graphene. However, facile, large‐scale, controllable, and highly efficient CFG remains challenging and often involves highly reactive and volatile compounds, requiring complex control of the reaction conditions. Here, a diazonium‐based grafting ink consisting of only two components, i.e., an aryl diazonium salt and the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is presented. The efficient functionalization is attributed to the combination of the solvation of the diazonium cations by DMSO and n‐doping of graphene by DMSO, thereby promoting electron transfer (ET) from graphene to the diazonium cations, resulting in the generation of aryl radicals which subsequently react with the graphene. The grafting density of CFG is controlled by the reaction time and very high levels of functionalization, up to the failing of the Tuinstra–Koenig (T–K) relation, while the functionalization layer remains at monolayer height. The grafting ink, effective for days at room temperature, can be used at ambient conditions and renders the patterning CFG by direct writing as easy as writing on paper. In combination with thermal sample treatment, reversible functionalization is possible by subsequent writing/erasing cycles.
Detection of rice plant disease using AdaBoostSVM classifier
Authors: Kumar K Kishore , E Kannan
Published: April 2022

The research in the detection of plant diseases using plant images based on machine learning is widely increased in the field of agriculture. This could be done with the images of infected rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. The changes in atmospheric condition cause changes in soil condition and in temperature. Both air temperature and soil temperature have distinct roles in crops, which can also lead to diseases in rice plants. In this paper, a prototype is developed for the detection of rice plant diseases like bacterial leaf blight, brown spot, and leaf smut. The proposed prototype is developed by undergoing experiments on image processing using machine learning algorithms. Several images of rice leaf which are infected by diseases had been captured and preprocessed using a median filtering technique. The important features are extracted by using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for the diseased part of the leaf images. Then the green parts of the leaf have been removed, so as to extract the diseased part. The features are extracted based on the attributes like color, shape, and texture. For multiclass classification process, Adaptive Boosting support vector machine (AdaBoostSVM) Classifier is used. The proposed prototype results in the accuracy of about 98.8% in detecting and classifying the rice leaf disease.
Strong and Reversible Covalent Double Network Hydrogel Based on Force‐Coupled Enzymatic Reactions
Authors: He Guangxiao , Lei Hai , Sun Wenxu , Gu Jie , Yu Wenting , Zhang Di , Chen Huiyan , Li Ying , Qin Meng , Xue Bin , Wang Wei , Cao Yi
Published: April 2022

Biological load‐bearing tissues are strong, tough, and recoverable under periodic mechanical loads. However, such features have rarely been achieved simultaneously in the same synthetic hydrogels. Here, we use a force‐coupled enzymatic reaction to tune a strong covalent peptide linkage to a reversible bond. Based on this concept we engineered double network hydrogels that combine high mechanical strength and reversible mechanical recovery in the same hydrogels. Specifically, we found that a peptide ligase, sortase A, can promote the proteolysis of peptides under force. The peptide bond can be re‐ligated by the same enzyme in the absence of force. This allows the sacrificial network in the double‐network hydrogels to be ruptured and rebuilt reversibly. Our results demonstrate a general approach for precisely controlling the mechanical and dynamic properties of hydrogels at the molecular level.
1,3,2‐Diazaphospholene‐Catalyzed Reductive Cyclizations of Organohalides**
Authors: Klett Johannes , Woźniak Łukasz , Cramer Nicolai
Published: April 2022

1,3,2‐diazaphospholenes hydrides (DAP‐Hs) are highly nucleophilic organic hydrides serving as main‐group catalysts for a range of attractive transformations. DAP hydrides can act as stoichiometric hydrogen atom transfer agents in radical reactions. Herein, we report a DAP‐catalyzed reductive radical cyclization of a broad range of aryl and alkyl halides under mild conditions. The pivotal DAP catalyst turnover was achieved by a DBU‐assisted σ‐bond metathesis between the formed DAP halide and HBpin, which rapidly regenerates DAP‐H. The transformation is significantly accelerated by irradiation with visible light. Mechanistic investigations indicate that visible light irradiation leads to the formation of DAP dimers, which are in equilibrium with DAP radicals and accelerate the cyclization. The direct use of (DAP)2 enabled a catalytic protocol in the absence of light.
Synergy in Au−CuO Janus Structure for Catalytic Isopropanol Oxidative Dehydrogenation to Acetone
Authors: Guo Meng , Ma Peijie , Wang Jiayi , Xu Haoxiang , Zheng Kun , Cheng Daojian , Liu Yuxi , Guo Guangsheng , Dai Hongxing , Duan Erhong , Deng Jiguang
Published: April 2022

The controlled oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding ketones or aldehydes via selective cleavage of the β‐C−H bond of alcohols under mild conditions still remains a significant challenge. Although the metal/oxide interface is highly active and selective, the interfacial sites fall far behind the demand, due to the large and thick support. Herein, we successfully develop a unique Au−CuO Janus structure (average particle size=3.8 nm) with an ultrathin CuO layer (0.5 nm thickness) via a bimetal in situ activation and separation strategy. The resulting Au−CuO interfacial sites prominently enhance isopropanol adsorption and decrease the energy barrier of β‐C−H bond scission from 1.44 to 0.01 eV due to the strong affinity between the O atom of CuO and the H atom of isopropanol, compared with Au sites alone, thereby achieving ultrahigh acetone selectivity (99.3 %) over 1.1 wt % AuCu0.75/Al2O3at 100 °C and atmospheric pressure with 97.5 % isopropanol conversion. Furthermore, Au−CuO Janus structures supported on SiO2, TiO2or CeO2exhibit remarkable catalytic performance, and great promotion in activity and acetone selectivity is achieved as well for other reducible oxides derived from Fe, Co, Ni and Mn. This study should help to develop strategies for maximized interfacial site construction and structure optimization for efficient β‐C−H bond activation.
Development of High‐Energy Anodes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries Based on Sulfide Electrolytes
Authors: Oh Pilgun , Yun Jeongsik , Choi Jae Hong , Saqib Kashif Saleem , Embleton Tom James , Park Seohyeon , Lee Chaewon , Ali Jahanzaib , Ko Kyungmok , Cho Jaephil
Published: April 2022

All‐solid‐state Li batteries (ASSBs) promise better performance and higher safety than the current liquid‐based Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Sulfide ASSBs have been extensively studied and considerably advanced in recent decades. Research on identifying suitable cathode materials for sulfide ASSBs is currently well established, with great progress being made in the commercialization of layered cathodes in the liquid‐based LIBs. Research on anode materials for sulfide ASSBs is of great importance for enhancing the battery energy density. However, it seems that little has been published that summarizes studies of anode materials for sulfide ASSBs and suggests future research directions. Thus, within this Minireview, we aim to provide an overview of previous and current research focused on anode materials for sulfide ASSBs and to suggest a future research direction for developing suitable anode systems for sulfide ASSBs.
Charge Reservoirs in an Expanded Halide Perovskite Analog: Enhancing High‐Pressure Conductivity through Redox‐Active Molecules
Authors: Matheu Roc , Ke Feng , Breidenbach Aaron , Wolf Nathan R. , Lee Young , Liu Zhenxian , Leppert Linn , Lin Yu , Karunadasa Hemamala I.
Published: April 2022

As halide perovskites and their derivatives are being developed for numerous optoelectronic applications, controlling their electronic doping remains a fundamental challenge. Herein, we describe a novel strategy of using redox‐active organic molecules as stoichiometric electron acceptors. The cavities in the new expanded perovskite analogs (dmpz)[Sn2X6], (X=Br− (1Br) and I− (1I)) are occupied by dmpz2+ (N,N′‐dimethylpyrazinium), with the LUMOs lying ca. 1 eV above the valence band maximum (VBM). Compressing the metal‐halide framework drives up the VBM in 1I relative to the dmpz LUMO. The electronic conductivity increases by a factor of 105 with pressure, reaching 50(17) S cm−1 at 60 GPa, exceeding the high‐pressure conductivities of most halide perovskites. This conductivity enhancement is attributed to an increased hole density created by dmpz2+ reduction. This work elevates the role of organic cations in 3D metal‐halides, from templating the structure to serving as charge reservoirs for tuning the carrier concentration.
Titanium‐Oxo Cluster Assisted Fabrication of a Defect‐Rich Ti‐MOF Membrane Showing Versatile Gas‐Separation Performance
Authors: Wang Chen , Sun Yanwei , Li Libo , Krishna Rajamani , Ji Taotao , Chen Sixing , Yan Jiahui , Liu Yi
Published: April 2022

Although having shown great promise for efficient gas separation, relevant study of Ti‐MOF membranes remains very scarce, owing to limited Ti source types and uncertain factors which dominate the separation properties. In this work, we pioneered the use of the Ti8(μ2‐O)8(OOCC6H5)16 cluster as the Ti source of MIL‐125 membranes, which led to lower reaction temperature and higher missing‐linker number within the framework and therefore, enhanced CO2/N2 adsorption selectivity. The MIL‐125 membrane prepared by combining single‐mode microwave heating with tertiary growth displayed an ideal CO2/N2 selectivity of 38.7, which ranked the highest among all pristine pure MOF membranes measured under comparable conditions. In addition, the ideal H2/N2 and H2/CH4 selectivity was as high as 64.9 and 40.7, thus showing great promise for versatile utility in gas separation.
How effective are marine parks in protecting their coral reef ecosystem? A study case in the Mexican Caribbean
Authors: Díaz‐Osorio Alicia C. , Schmitter‐Soto Juan J. , Vega‐Zepeda Alejandro , Espinoza‐Tenorio Alejandro
Published: April 2022

In the Mexican Caribbean, marine protected areas have been established to tackle marine ecosystem degradation caused by the coastal development that started in Cancún in the 1970s and extended south to the border with Belize in the 1990s. It is crucial to assess their effectiveness for conservation of the reef ecosystem, but also the perception of stakeholders, because the objective would be unattainable without their participation.

This study evaluated the conservation status and the management effectiveness of National Park Xcalak Reefs (PNAX), in the southernmost Mexican Caribbean. In addition to interviewing local stakeholders to recognize issues related to the administration and functioning of PNAX, four zones with different use restrictions inside the park were evaluated, using ecological indicators (diversity and abundance of fishes, coral diversity and cover, and macroalgal cover) and ecological knowledge by interviewing local stakeholders, mostly fishers and conservation personnel.

The results suggest that one of the restricted‐use zones is in good condition, with a higher abundance of fishes and coral cover, and a lower cover of fleshy macroalgae and turf, compared with the other zones in the protected area. On the other hand, the core area presents bad indicators, such as a higher macroalgal cover and lower abundance of fishes, suggesting poor management or insufficient enforcement.

Although mistrust and lack of communication between fishers and conservation authorities may limit the achievement of conservation goals, some programmes involving active participation of local people, for example lionfish culling and coastal vegetation restoration, have had a good impact on the coral reef community.
Similar gut bacteria composition in Apriona germari on two preferred host plants
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Hua‐Ling , Su Xiao‐Yu , Wang Xue‐Fei , Yang Miao , Bai Jia‐Wei , Zeng Jian‐Yong , Li Hui‐Ping
Published: April 2022

Apriona germari is one of the most serious wood‐boring pests that cause damage to economic and landscaping trees and has adapted to a wide range of plants as diet. Gut bacteria play an important role in biology and ecology of herbivores, especially in growth and adaptation. To investigate how plant hosts shape A. germari gut microbiota, A. germari larvae were collected from Populus tomentosa and Malus pumilal, and gut microbiomes were sequenced based on 16S rDNA high‐throughput sequencing technology. A total of 853,424 high‐quality reads were obtained and clustered into 196 operational taxonomic units under a 97% similarity cutoff, which were annotated into 8 phyla, 10 classes, 21 orders, 34 families, 59 genera, and 39 species. Gibbsiella was the most dominant genus of intestinal bacteria, followed by Enterobacter and Acinetobacter. No significant difference was observed in larvae gut bacterial richness and diversity of A. germari collected from two hosts, though alpha diversity showed that the richness of gut bacteria in A. germari larvae collected on P. tomentosa was slightly higher than that in A. germari on M. pumilal, and beta diversity showed little difference between two host plants. The functional abundance analysis of the detected bacteria revealed fermentation, chemoheterotrophy, symbionts, and nitrate relative functions that highly possibly support wood‐boring beetles to feed on woody tissues. Our study provided a theoretical basis for investigating the function of intestinal symbiosis bacteria of A. germari.
Protein and volatile contents in the mandibular gland of the sugarcane borerDiatraea saccharalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Borges Alex R. , Teixeira Aparecida das Dores , Martínez Luis Carlos , dos Santos Marcelo H. , Serrão José Eduardo
Published: April 2022

The sugarcane borerDiatraea saccharalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important sugarcane pest and mechanical injuries caused through the mandibles can allow pathogen infections. The mandibles ofD. saccharalis, as well as other insects, are associated with mandibular glands with a possible function in food intake and mouthparts lubrication; however, the chemical composition of the secretion is poorly known and its elucidation is important for the comprehensive understanding of plant–insect interactions. This study characterized some proteins and volatiles in the mandibular glands ofD. saccharalislarvae. MALDI‐TOF/TOF mass spectrometry allowed the identification of 24 predicted proteins within 10 functional classes, including the transport and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides; Posttranslational protein modifications; energy conversion; intracellular trafficking; transcription; translation; and cytoskeleton function. Metabolites identified from GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of hydrocarbons classified as alcohols, ether, alkanes, and esters with differences in their relative abundance. Linolenic acid, the most abundant metabolite found in this gland, when conjugated with amino acids, can be an elicitor in the plant‐herbivore interaction. The results suggest the occurrence of digestive and defensive biochemical components, which may contribute to understanding of the multifunctional roles of the mandibular gland secretion ofD. saccharalislarvae during feeding activity.
ABCB1 Can Actively Pump‐out the Background‐Free Tame Fluorescent Probe CO‐1 From Live Cells
Authors: Miasiro Ciaramicoli Larissa , Seok Kim Heon , Husen Alamudi Samira , Chang Young‐Tae
Published: April 2022

Cell labelling using a small fluorescent probe is an important technique in biomedical sciences. We previously developed a biocompatible and membrane‐permeable probe, CO‐1, which has low nonspecific binding affinity towards nontarget molecules. Although this background‐free tame probe has been utilized for labelling of various intracellular biomolecules in live cells, the probes’ backgroung‐free staining mechanism was not fully understood. Here, we propose that Gating‐Oriented Live‐cell Distinction (GOLD) mechanism occurs when ABCB1 transporter removes unbound CO‐1 molecules from mammalian cells and, in a minor role, DIRC2 pumps CO‐1 out from lysosomes. We also showed that solute carrier transporters were not involved in carrying CO‐1 inside of cells. The role of reporters in assisting the probes’ influx‐efflux was analyzed by the combination of CRISPR library sceenings and inhibitors test. In summary, tame probe CO‐1 cellular staining occurs in a dual mechanism where the probe moves freely through the cells membrane, but its washable property can be directly related to the action of ABCB1 transporter.
Parametric comparison of biodiesel transesterification processes using non‐edible feedstocks: Castor bean and jatropha oils
Authors: Baioni e Silva Gabriel , Manicardi Tainá , Longati Andreza A. , Lora Electo E. S. , Milessi Thais S.
Published: April 2022

Concern about environmental problems and climate change has led to increasing efforts toward a transition of the global energy matrix to renewable sources. In this sense, biodiesel is a renewable and alternative biofuel proposal and castor bean and jatropha are interesting non‐edible raw materials for its production owing to their high fatty acid content. Transesterification is the most common process applied to industrial‐scale biodiesel production owing to its attractive economic characteristics. This process can be catalyzed by chemical (homogeneous or heterogeneous) or biochemical (enzymatic) catalysts. The choice of raw material, as well as the production route of biodiesel, will significantly influence the process parameters. Considering the importance of biodiesel production in Brazil, the present work explores biodiesel production routes focusing on these non‐edible raw materials (jatropha and castor bean) and compares them with the process using soy bean, as this is one of the most used worldwide raw materia. In addition, an extensive literature review was performed and the software Microsoft Power BI Desktop was used to model and analyze the selected works, grouping them according to the pattern of each route's influence on process parameters. In addition, the technical scores of each route were determined. The homogeneous chemical route presented better scores and the most interesting parameters for all raw materials; however, considering the technical and environmental advantages related to biochemical and heterogeneous routes, application of environmental impact studies such as life cycle analysis can help decision‐making in the search for the most appropriate production route. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Erläuterungen zum DBV‐Merkblatt „Injektionsschlauchsysteme und quellfähige Einlagen für Arbeitsfugen“
Authors: Fingerloos Frank , Hornig Ute , von Thaden Harald
Published: April 2022

Das DBV‐Merkblatt „Injektionsschlauchsysteme und quellfähige Einlagen für Arbeitsfugen“ ist in der überarbeiteten Fassung Dezember 2020 veröffentlicht worden. Zwei neue Themen in Bezug auf die Injektionsschlauchsysteme sind dabei die Festlegungen zur Fugenrauigkeit im Verlegebereich und die Erweiterung des Anwendungsbereichs auf Ingenieurbauwerke im Regelungsbereich der öffentlichen Verkehrsträger für Straße und Wasser. Auf diese Themen wird in diesem Beitrag eingegangen.
Hepatoprotective Native Plants Documented in Brazilian Traditional Medicine Literature: Current Knowledge and Prospects
Authors: Antunes Carolina , Arbo Marcelo Dutra , Konrath Eduardo Luis
Published: April 2022

The native flora of Brazil covers a large biodiversity of plants, some of which have important pharmacological properties. Ethnobotanical studies have established that the folk use of plants for hepatobiliary disorders is very common in Brazil. This review aimed to compile, describe and discuss the main native Brazilian medicinal plants used as hepatoprotective agents listed on 25 books by authors from various regions in the country. Based on the 153 species found, a comprehensive analysis of the most relevant scientific studies is presented, including Piper umbellatum, Echinodorus macrophyllus, Fevillea trilobata and Achyrocline satureioides. Some medicinal plants share both a large number of citations and scientific evidence to corroborate their hepatoprotective effects, including Solanum paniculatum, Baccharis crispa and Phyllanthus niruri, which could be of interest to develop new phytomedicines. Additionally, some active ingredients are indicated as being responsible for the liver protective effects described, particularly phenolic compounds (flavonoids, coumestans and lignans).
Two New Austocystin Analogs from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Aspergillus sp. WHUF05236
Authors: Lv Huawei , Zhang Jinkun , Xue Yaxin , Li Songwei , Sun Xiaoyu , Jia Jia , Bi Hongkai , Wang Shoubao , Su Haibo , Zhu Mengdi , Wang Hong , Hong Kui , Li Xingnuo
Published: April 2022

Two new austocystin analogs, austocystin P (1) and austocystin Q (2), along with fourteen known compounds (3–16) were isolated from the fermentation extract of Aspergillus sp. WHUF05236. The planar structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated through 1D, 2D NMR and MS analyses. Their absolute configurations were determined by the time‐dependent density functional (TDDFT)‐ECD calculation. Compounds 3, 11, and 12 exhibited antimicrobial activities against Helicobacter pylori with MIC values ranging from 20.00 to 43.47 μM. Compounds 3, 6, and 7 showed cytotoxicities against the human colon cancer cell lines Hct‐116 with IC50 values of 101.79, 65.46, and 36.72 μM, respectively.
Single versus double Perclose techniques for vascular closure during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Hollowed John , Akhondi Andre , Rabbani Amir , Oncel Damla , Suh William , Rafique Asim , Kwon Murray , Benharash Peyman , Shemin Richard , Aksoy Olcay
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The preferred approach for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is transfemoral. There has been widespread adoption of the Perclose ProglideTM device for vascular closure. Typically, two devices are deployed before upsizing the access sheath in the “preclose technique.” Prior investigations have compared the use of a single device versus double device technique, but none have shown significant clinical benefit to either approach.

Methods

Five hundred and six patients underwent transfemoral TAVR (TF‐TAVR) with single or double Perclose devices for vascular closure from July 2015 to February 2020. A retrospective review was conducted, and propensity‐matched analyses were used to account for differences in baseline characteristics.

Results

In the matched analysis, there were 251 patients in the single Perclose group and 238 in the double. There was a statistically significant improvement in overall procedural success using the single closure device (94.6% vs. 88.5%, p = 0.009) This was defined as intraprocedural hemostatic control, lack of contrast extravasation, arterial dissection, occlusion, or stenosis >50% in the final crossover angiogram, as well as unimpaired limb perfusion without claudication throughout the index hospitalization. There was also a significant improvement in arterial dissection rates (0.6% vs. 4.6%, p = 0.004), stenosis >50% (1.3% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.028), and Valve Academic Research Consortium major vascular complications (1.8% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.038).

Conclusion

A single Perclose device is a safe means of vascular closure during TF‐TAVR and may have important clinical benefits compared to the commonly used two‐device technique.