bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis by Lactobacillus gasseri SF1183
Authors: Di Luccia Blanda , Acampora Vittoria , Saggese Anella , Calabrò Viola , Vivo Maria , Angrisano Tiziana , Baccigalupi Loredana , Ricca Ezio , Pollice Alessandra
Published: November 2022

The gut microbiota exerts a variety of positive effects on the intestinal homeostasis, including the production of beneficial molecules, control of the epithelial barrier integrity and the regulation of the balance between host’s cell death and proliferation. The interactions between commensal bacteria and intestinal cells are still under-investigated and is then of paramount importance to address such interactions at the molecular and cellular levels. We report an in vitro analysis of the effects of molecules secreted by Lactobacillus gasseri SF1183 on HCT116 cells, selected as a model of intestinal epithelial cells. SF1183 is a L. gasseri strain isolated from an ileal biopsy of a human healthy volunteer, able to prevent colitis symptoms in vivo. Expanding previous findings, we show that bioactive molecules secreted by SF1183 reduce the proliferation of HCT116 cells in a reversible manner determining a variation in cell cycle markers (p21WAF, p53, cyclin D1) and resulting in the protection of HCT116 cells from TNF-alfa induced apoptosis, an effect potentially relevant for the protection of the epithelial barrier integrity and reconstitution of tissue homeostasis. Consistently, SF1183 secreted molecules increase the recruitment of occludin, a major component of TJ, at the cell–cell contacts, suggesting a reinforcement of the barrier function.
Interpretable brain disease classification and relevance-guided deep learning
Authors: Tinauer Christian , Heber Stefan , Pirpamer Lukas , Damulina Anna , Schmidt Reinhold , Stollberger Rudolf , Ropele Stefan , Langkammer Christian
Published: November 2022

Deep neural networks are increasingly used for neurological disease classification by MRI, but the networks’ decisions are not easily interpretable by humans. Heat mapping by deep Taylor decomposition revealed that (potentially misleading) image features even outside of the brain tissue are crucial for the classifier’s decision. We propose a regularization technique to train convolutional neural network (CNN) classifiers utilizing relevance-guided heat maps calculated online during training. The method was applied using T1-weighted MR images from 128 subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (mean age = 71.9 ± 8.5 years) and 290 control subjects (mean age = 71.3 ± 6.4 years). The developed relevance-guided framework achieves higher classification accuracies than conventional CNNs but more importantly, it relies on less but more relevant and physiological plausible voxels within brain tissue. Additionally, preprocessing effects from skull stripping and registration are mitigated. With the interpretability of the decision mechanisms underlying CNNs, these results challenge the notion that unprocessed T1-weighted brain MR images in standard CNNs yield higher classification accuracy in Alzheimer’s disease than solely atrophy.
Determining epigenetic memory in kidney proximal tubule cell derived induced pluripotent stem cells using a quadruple transgenic reprogrammable mouse
Authors: Khelifi Gabriel , Chow Theresa , Whiteley Jennifer , Fort Victoire , Humphreys Benjamin D. , Hussein Samer M.I. , Rogers Ian M.
Published: November 2022

The majority of nucleated somatic cells can be reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The process of reprogramming involves epigenetic remodelling to turn on pluripotency-associated genes and turn off lineage-specific genes. Some evidence shows that iPSCs retain epigenetic marks of their cell of origin and this “epigenetic memory” influences their differentiation potential, with a preference towards their cell of origin. Here, we reprogrammed proximal tubule cells (PTC) and tail tip fibroblasts (TTF), from a reprogrammable mouse to iPSCs and differentiated the iPSCs to renal progenitors to understand if epigenetic memory plays a role in renal differentiation. This model allowed us to eliminate experimental variability due to donor genetic differences and transfection of the reprogramming factors such as copy number and integration site. In this study we demonstrated that early passage PTC iPSCs and TTF iPSCs expressed low levels of renal progenitor genes and high levels of pluripotency-associated genes, and the transcriptional levels of these genes were not significantly different between PTC iPSCs and TTF iPSCs. We used ChIP-seq of H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H3K36me3 and global DNA methylation profiles of PTC iPSCs and TTF iPSCs to demonstrate that global epigenetic marks were not different between the cells from the two different sets of tissue samples. There were also no epigenetic differences observed when kidney developmental genes and pluripotency-associated genes were closely examined. We did observe that during differentiation to renal progenitor cells the PTC iPSC-derived renal cells expressed higher levels of three renal progenitor genes compared to progenitors derived from TTF iPSCs but the underlying DNA methylation and histone methylation patterns did not suggest an epigenetic memory basis for this.
Feasibility of a new bariatric fully endoscopic duodenal-jejunal bypass: a pilot study in adult obese pigs
Authors: Gonzalez Jean-Michel , Ouazzani Sohaib , Berdah Stephane , Cauche Nicolas , Delattre Cecilia , Peetermans Joyce A. , Santoro-Schulte Agostina , Gjata Ornela , Barthet Marc
Published: November 2022

This study assessed a new natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) bariatric endoscopic procedure in obese adult pigs. This 14-week prospective study compared 6 adult male Yucatan test pigs with baseline mean age 1.5 years to 2 control pigs. The test pigs received a fully endoscopic NOTES-based duodenal-jejunal bypass including measurement of the bypassed limb and creation of a gastrojejunal anastomosis (GJA) using a gastrojejunal lumen-apposing metal stent (GJ-LAMS) at Week 0, placement of a duodenal exclusion device (DED) at Week 2, and endoscopic examinations at Weeks 6 and 10. At Week 14, the pigs were sacrificed for necropsy. All endoscopic procedures were technically successful. By Week 14, the controls had gained a mean 1.1 ± 2.1 kg (+ 1.6%) while the intervention animals lost a mean 6.8 ± 3.9 kg (− 10.5%) since baseline. GJ-LAMS migrations occurred in 3 pigs, two of which also had DED migration and/or partial dislocation. Two other pigs died, one with aberrant splenic vein positioning near the GJA and the other from an unknown cause. An endoscopic bariatric bypass procedure with controlled bypass length was technically successful in all the cases and led to weight loss in test animals. Safety concerns must be further addressed.
Tapered self-expandable metallic stent optimized for Eustachian tube morphology in a porcine ET model
Authors: Kang Jeon Min , Kim Song Hee , Ryu Dae Sung , Park Yubeen , Won Dong-Sung , Kim Ji Won , Zeng Chu Hui , Kang Woo Seok , Park Jung-Hoon , Park Hong Ju
Published: November 2022

Several investigations on the feasibility of stent placement into the Eustachian tube (ET) are being conducted. However, stents optimized for the anatomical structure of the ET have not yet been developed. In this study, the efficacy and safety of a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) optimized for porcine ET morphology was investigated. Silicone was injected into a cadaveric porcine ET to analyze the ET morphology. The three-dimensional-reconstructed porcine ET phantom images obtained after a computed tomography scan were measured to determine the dimensions of the porcine ET. The SEMS was designed as a tapered structure on the basis of the morphological findings of the porcine ET. The tapered SEMS (T-SEMS) and conventional SEMS (C-SEMS) were placed into the porcine ET to compare the safety and efficacy of the two types of SEMSs. Stent-induced tissue hyperplasia in the T-SEMS group was significantly lower than that in the C-SEMS group (p < 0.001). The T-SEMS optimized for the porcine ET was effective in maintaining stent patency. T-SEMS seems to be better than C-SEMS in suppressing stent-induced tissue hyperplasia, owing to the reduced stent-mediated mechanical injuries and maintaining ET patency.
Quality of glycemic control has significant impact on myocardial mechanics in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hajdu Máté , Knutsen Maren Oedven , Vértes Vivien , Vorobcsuk-Varga Noémi , Molnár Gergő , Wittmann István , Faludi Réka
Published: November 2022

The potential associations between disease duration, glycemic control, and the echocardiographic markers of the myocardial mechanics were investigated in asymptomatic T1DM patients. Seventy T1DM patients (38.2 ± 11.7 years, 46 female) and 30 healthy volunteers were investigated. Besides the conventional and tissue Doppler measurements, left ventricular global longitudinal (GLS) and circumferential (GCS) strain as well as left and right atrial strain parameters were measured with 2D speckle tracking technique. Median HbA1c level was 7.4 (1.8)%. Even when added age and hypertension to the model, current HbA1c level remained independent predictor of left ventricular GLS (p = 0.002), GCS (p < 0.001), mitral e’ (p = 0.018), tricuspid e’ (p = 0.018) and left (p = 0.039) and right atrial conduit strain (p = 0.047) in multiple linear regression models. Correlations between disease duration and the echocardiographic variables lost their significance in multiple models. In patients with a combination of HbA1c ≤ 7.4% and no hypertension, echocardiographic findings did not differ from those in healthy volunteers. Patients with HbA1c > 7.4% and no hypertension and especially patients with coexisting hypertension and HbA1c > 7.4%, exhibited significantly impaired myocardial mechanics. Quality of glycemic control has a significant impact on myocardial mechanics in T1DM patients. Regarding disease duration this relationship was not proved.
Extensive archaeobotanical data estimate carrying capacity, duration, and land use of the Late Bronze Age settlement site Březnice (Czech Republic)
Authors: Šálková Tereza , Vobejda Libor , Chvojka Ondřej , Beneš Jaromír , Vondrovský Václav , Kuna Martin , Křivánek Roman , Menšík Petr , Novák Jan
Published: November 2022

The reconstruction of the settlement´s hinterland and acquisition of plant resources is one of the crucial questions in the field of environmental archaeology. Our study is focused on the reconstruction of the settlement’s structure and character of the environment from which the site drew resources. These research questions were addressed by the interpretation of plant macroremains, charcoals, and the results of the spatial model. We have focused on the maximum size of the settlement that the surrounding countryside was able to withstand. Our results clearly demonstrated significant deforestation and intensive land use in the vicinity of the Late Bronze Age study site. As the weed taxa showed, a wide range of crops was grown in rather dry or less often in damp fields. Based on our archaeobotanical results, we were able to reconstruct several types of grasslands: dry pastures and fallow fields on plateaus and slopes, wet pastures or meadows in the floodplain. Acidophilous oak forests, alluvial forests, and shrubs were reconstructed as the most common forest habitats in the vicinity of the study site. Based on the archaeological knowledge of the region, we assume relatively low population density during the Late Bronze Age, and thus only a small part of the more or less forested landscape was significantly affected by human activities.
Successful tracheal regeneration using biofabricated autologous analogues without artificial supports
Authors: Hiwatashi Shohei , Iwai Ryosuke , Nakayama Yasuhide , Moriwaki Takeshi , Okuyama Hiroomi
Published: November 2022

Tracheas have a tubular structure consisting of cartilage rings continuously joined by a connective tissue membrane comprising a capillary network for tissue survival. Several tissue engineering efforts have been devoted to the design of scaffolds to produce complex structures. In this study, we successfully fabricated an artificial materials-free autologous tracheal analogue with engraftment ability by combining in vitro cell self-aggregation technique and in-body tissue architecture. The cartilage rings prepared by aggregating chondrocytes on designated culture grooves that induce cell self-aggregation were alternately connected to the connective tissues to form tubular tracheal analogues by subcutaneous embedding as in-body tissue architecture. The tracheal analogues allogeneically implanted into the rat trachea matured into native-like tracheal tissue by covering of luminal surfaces by the ciliated epithelium with mucus-producing goblet cells within eight months after implantation, while maintaining their structural integrity. Such autologous tracheal analogues would provide a foundation for further clinical research on the application of tissue-engineered tracheas to ensure their long-term functionality.
A practical spatial analysis method for elucidating the biological mechanisms of cancers with abdominal dissemination in vivo
Authors: Ota Yukihide , Sato Shinya , Yoshihara Mitsuyo , Nakamura Yoshiyasu , Miyagi Etsuko , Miyagi Yohei
Published: November 2022

Elucidation of spatial interactions between cancer and host cells is important for the development of new therapies against disseminated cancers. The aim of this study is to establish easy and useful method for elucidating spatial interactions. In this study, we developed a practical spatial analysis method using a gel-based embedding system and applied it to a murine model of cancer dissemination. After euthanization, every abdominal organ enclosed in the peritoneum was extracted en bloc. We injected agarose gel into the peritoneal cavities to preserve the spatial locations of the organs, including their metastatic niches, and then produced specimens when the gel had solidified. Preservation of the original spatial localization was confirmed by correlating magnetic resonance imaging results with the sectioned specimens. We examined the effects of spatial localization on cancer hypoxia using immunohistochemical hypoxia markers. Finally, we identified the mRNA expression of the specimens and demonstrated the applicability of spatial genetic analysis. In conclusion, we established a practical method for the in vivo investigation of spatial location-specific biological mechanisms in disseminated cancers. Our method can elucidate dissemination mechanisms, find therapeutic targets, and evaluate cancer therapeutic effects.
Differential expansion speeds of Indo-Pacific warm pool and deep convection favoring pool under greenhouse warming
Authors: Leung Jeremy Cheuk-Hin , Zhang Banglin , Gan Qiuying , Wang Lei , Qian Weihong , Hu Zeng-Zhen
Published: November 2022

The Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP), which affects the global climate system through supporting tropical convection, has been reported to expand significantly under greenhouse warming. Although early research revealed that the sea surface temperature (SST) threshold for deep convection (σconv) increases with global warming, many latest relevant works were still conducted based on the traditional IPWP definition (e.g., static SST = 28 °C threshold, and is referred to as the oceanic warm pool, OWP28). Here, we claim that the OWP28expansion differs from the deep convection favoring pool (DCFP) area change and may not reflect the direct impacts of Indo-Pacific warming on the climate system. Results show that, because of the long-term increase in σconv, the DCFP expands at a rate 2.6 times slower than the OWP28from 1979 to 2020. The difference reaches 12–27 times from 2015–2100 under different emission scenarios, based on CMIP6 model simulations. While the OWP28expands to the eastern Pacific, the DCFP will remain within the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean regardless of emission levels. This study emphasizes the necessity of considering the response of the relationship between deep convection and SST to climate change when studying the long-term variability of the IPWP.
Interaction kinetics between p115-RhoGEF and Gα13 are determined by unique molecular interactions affecting agonist sensitivity
Authors: Redlin Fabian , Krett Anna-Lena , Bünemann Moritz
Published: November 2022

The three RH-RhoGEFs (Guanine nucleotide exchange factors) p115-RhoGEF, LARG (leukemia-associated RhoGEF) and PDZ-RhoGEF link G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with RhoA signaling through activation of Gα12/13. In order to find functional differences in signaling between the different RH-RhoGEFs we examined their interaction with Gα13 in high spatial and temporal resolution, utilizing a FRET-based single cell assay. We found that p115-RhoGEF interacts significantly shorter with Gα13 than LARG and PDZ-RhoGEF, while narrowing the structural basis for these differences down to a single amino acid in the rgRGS domain of p115-RhoGEF. The mutation of this amino acid led to an increased interaction time with Gα13 and an enhanced agonist sensitivity, comparable to LARG, while mutating the corresponding amino acid in Gα13 the same effect could be achieved. While the rgRGS domains of RH-RhoGEFs showed GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity towards Gα13 in vitro, our approach suggests higher GAP activity of p115-RhoGEF in intact cells.
Vitamin D status modulates mitochondrial oxidative capacities in skeletal muscle: role in sarcopenia
Authors: Salles Jérôme , Chanet Audrey , Guillet Christelle , Vaes Anouk MM. , Brouwer-Brolsma Elske M. , Rocher Christophe , Giraudet Christophe , Patrac Véronique , Meugnier Emmanuelle , Montaurier Christophe , Denis Philippe , Le Bacquer Olivier , Blot Adeline , Jourdan Marion , Luiking Yvette , Furber Matthew , Van Dijk Miriam , Tardif Nicolas , Yves Boirie Y. , Walrand Stéphane
Published: November 2022

Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is the biggest component of whole-body energy output. Mitochondrial energy production during exercise is impaired in vitamin D-deficient subjects. In cultured myotubes, loss of vitamin D receptor (VDR) function decreases mitochondrial respiration rate and ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation. We aimed to examine the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on whole-body energy expenditure and muscle mitochondrial function in old rats, old mice, and human subjects. To gain further insight into the mechanisms involved, we used C2C12 and human muscle cells and transgenic mice with muscle-specific VDR tamoxifen-inducible deficiency. We observed that in vivo and in vitro vitamin D fluctuations changed mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative activity in skeletal muscle. Vitamin D supplementation initiated in older people improved muscle mass and strength. We hypothesize that vitamin D supplementation is likely to help prevent not only sarcopenia but also sarcopenic obesity in vitamin D-deficient subjects.
A phase I/Ib trial and biological correlate analysis of neoadjuvant SBRT with single-dose durvalumab in HPV-unrelated locally advanced HNSCC
Authors: Darragh Laurel B. , Knitz Michael M. , Hu Junxiao , Clambey Eric T. , Backus Jennifer , Dumit Andrew , Samedi Von , Bubak Andrew , Greene Casey , Waxweiler Timothy , Mehrotra Sanjana , Bhatia Shilpa , Gadwa Jacob , Bickett Thomas , Piper Miles , Fakhoury Kareem , Liu Arthur , Petit Joshua , Bowles Daniel , Thaker Ashesh , Atiyeh Kimberly , Goddard Julie , Hoyer Robert , Van Bokhoven Adrie , Jordan Kimberly , Jimeno Antonio , D’Alessandro Angelo , Raben David , McDermott Jessica D. , Karam Sana D.
Published: November 2022

Five-year survival for human papilloma virus-unrelated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas remain below 50%. We assessed the safety of administering combination hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy with single-dose durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) neoadjuvantly (n = 21) (NCT03635164). The primary endpoint of the study was safety, which was met. Secondary endpoints included radiographic, pathologic and objective response; locoregional control; progression-free survival; and overall survival. Among evaluable patients at an early median follow-up of 16 months (448 d or 64 weeks), overall survival was 80.1% with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (62.0%, 100.0%), locoregional control and progression-free survival were 75.8% with 95% CI (57.5%, 99.8%), and major pathological response or complete response was 75% with 95% exact CI (51.6%, 100.0%). For patients treated with 24 Gy, 89% with 95% CI (57.1%, 100.0%) had MPR or CR. Using high-dimensional multi-omics and spatial data as well as biological correlatives, we show that responders had: (1) an increase in effector T cells; (2) a decrease in immunosuppressive cells; and (3) an increase in antigen presentation post-treatment.
Ultrasound-assisted co-precipitation synthesis of GdFeO3 nanoparticles: structure, magnetic and MRI contrast properties
Authors: Albadi Yamen , Ivanova Maria S. , Grunin Leonid Y. , Makarin Rodion A. , Komlev Aleksei S. , Chebanenko Maria I. , Nevedomskyi Vladimir N. , Popkov Vadim I.
Published: November 2022

The sample of GdFeO3 nanoparticles obtained by ultrasound-assisted co-precipitation synthesis may be classified as a T1-contrast agent for MRI at 0.47 and 1.5 T, as a T1–T2 dual-modal contrast agent at 3 T and as a T2-contrast agent at 4.7 T.
The tunability of oxygen evolution reaction performance in La0.67Sr0.33CoO3 van der Waals membrane
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Chen , Xu Hang , Qi Ji , Feng Ming
Published: November 2022

The in-situ strain effect on OER performance of flexibility single-crystal La0.67Sr0.33CoO3 van der Waals film deposited on mica is studied. Two independent mechanisms involving the tolerance factor of Co and the activation energy of oxygen.
Soluble and reusable polymer-based catalysts with Brønsted and Lewis acidity for the one-pot synthesis of hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose
Authors: Omodolor Ibeh S. , Kalidindi Subhash , Walz Sarah A. , Coleman Maria R. , Gogar Ravikumar , Viamajala Sridhar , López Granados Manuel , Alba-Rubio Ana C.
Published: November 2022

One-pot synthesis of hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose using polymer-based catalysts with Brønsted and Lewis acidity.
The war on hTG2: warhead optimization in small molecule human tissue transglutaminase inhibitors
Authors: Mader Lavleen , Watt Sarah K. I. , Iyer Harish R. , Nguyen Linh , Kaur Harpreet , Keillor Jeffrey W.
Published: November 2022

This systematic structure–activity relationship study provides key insights into warhead design and application for optimizing efficiency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic stability of hTG2 inhibitors.
Volcano relationships and a new activity descriptor of 2D transition metal–Fe layered double hydroxides for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Ziyang , Liao Ting , Wang Sen , Li Wei , Wijerathne Binodhya , Hu Wanping , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Gu Yuantong , Sun Ziqi
Published: November 2022

In two-dimensional (2D) Fe-doped MFe-LDHs, volcano-shaped relationships between the catalytic activity descriptors and the Fe contents are identified, and a new activity descriptor, the intermediate adsorption capacitance (CPEad), is proposed.
Cactus-like iron oxide/carbon porous microspheres lodged in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as anodic electrode materials of lithium ion batteries
Authors: Chen Ming , Liu Feng-Ming , Chen Shan-Shuai , Wan Rong , Qian Xing , Yuan Zhong-Yong
Published: November 2022

A highly active cactus-like Fe2O3/C@NCNT micro-nano-structure was firstly fabricated by a metal-catalyzed graphitization-nitridization driven tip-growth process and air oxidation induced Kirkendall effect, which showed an extraordinary electrochemical performance in LIBs.
Stimuli-responsive nucleic acid nanostructures for efficient drug delivery
Authors: Yang Changping , Wu Xiaohui , Liu Jianbing , Ding Baoquan
Published: November 2022

This minireview summarizes the recent advances in stimuli-responsive nucleic acid nanostructures for efficient drug delivery in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli (redox gradient, pH, nuclease, biomacromolecule, and light).
Preparation and application of novel amphoteric acrylic retanning agents to improve dye absorption
Authors: Tian Zhenhua , Ma Jianzhong , Liu Qiwu , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2022

Amphoteric acrylic polymers are some of the commonly used leather retanning agents, and possess assistant-dyeing function in contrast to traditional anionic acrylic retanning agents.
Bidentate substrate binding in Brønsted acid catalysis: structural space, hydrogen bonding and dimerization
Authors: Gramüller Johannes , Dullinger Philipp , Horinek Dominik , Gschwind Ruth M.
Published: November 2022

Brønsted acid/substrate complexes with bidentate binding motif were studied by NMR and molecular dynamics. A variety of different arrangements was found, including bridged dimers and monomers were characterised in detail.
An efficient anchor‐free method for pig detection
Authors: Mattina Morann , Benzinou Abdesslam , Nasreddine Kamal , Richard Francis
Published: November 2022

Given the rapid growth of commercial pig farms, the need to automatically monitor pig behaviour becomes more important in order to assist farmers. Recent advances in convolutional neural networks may pave the way for new solutions. However, the primary task of individual pig detection under real‐world conditions is still a challenging task. Previous studies used anchor‐based frameworks that are unsuitable for such crowded scenarios with extreme overlapping. Furthermore, most applications focus on specific levels of brightness, farm facilities, or pig species without considering generalization. To tackle these problems, an anchor‐free pig detection method based on pig centre localization is first proposed. Then, a novel negative training data augmentation technique is introduced using examples from outside the training distribution. Furthermore, using the test time augmentation technique is proposed to improve the model performance. Experiments are conducted on two online pig detection datasets; the network surpasses state‐of‐the‐art results for both datasets. It is also found that the proposed method outperforms the latest anchor‐free techniques commonly used in crowded scenarios. The method can detect pigs individually, even if their bounding boxes overlap strongly or occlude each other. Moreover, the real‐time system achieves an improvement of 10% in when testing in unconstrained real‐world conditions.
A bibliometric and scientometric review of research on crowdsourcing in smart cities
Authors: Jiang Youtao , Guo Bowen , Zhang Xunda , Tian Hongxin , Wang Yue , Cheng Ming
Published: November 2022

The smart city model for operation and governance of modern cities requires huge quantities of data about people and the environment to support related applications, and crowdsourcing is effective for collecting and processing such data. Numerous reviews of the literature on crowdsourcing and smart cities as separate research fields have been published. Research on the intersection of the two is relatively new and lacks a systematic literature review. This study applies bibliometric and scientometric research methods and the research tools to study 367 related publications retrieved from the Web of Science database. Keyword co‐occurrence analysis was conducted to find the distribution of publications, research cooperation, and major research areas. Document co‐citation analysis was used to examine the domain knowledge structure, and citation burst detection was used to identify trends in research in this topic area. The analysis results clarify the research content and evolutionary context and reveal emerging research trends.
Molecular characterization of rare anadromous Rhône River brown trout
Authors: Berrebi Patrick , Campton Pierre , Denys Gaël P.J.
Published: November 2022

The brown trout form theSalmo truttacomplex, a diversified assemblage of salmonids. Its native area mainly covers Europe. It can develop three ecological forms or ecotypes, depending on its migratory behaviours: resident, anadromous (going to sea) and lacustrine (going to lakes). The sea trout is the anadromous ecotype, born up river, living at sea where it reaches salmon size, and returning to the river of its birth for spawning. Like other anadromous fish species, this natural ecotype is protected in France. While its distribution along the Atlantic coasts is known, the sea trout is considered absent in the Mediterranean basin. However, some isolated individuals have been observed in the Rhône River and some other rivers from southern France. In order to understand the genetic position of these large specimens swimming upstream in Mediterranean rivers, and despite the degraded DNA due to bad tissue preservation, eight samples of these trout, mainly caught by anglers, were successfully genotyped at seven microsatellite loci and three sequenced at the mitochondrial Control Region. All specimens tested belong to the Atlantic lineage and are probably stocked domestic trout. This study provides preliminary elements for the conservation status of this ecotype in the Mediterranean basin.
« Les pouvoirs publics doivent intégrer la notion de risque »
Authors: Viktorovitch Michel , Dupin Ludovic
Published: November 2022

Fin 2021, le président de la République annonçait un grand programme d’investissement baptisé « France 2030 ». Au programme, entre autres choses, un appel à projets pour des « réacteurs nucléaires innovants ». Michel Viktorovitch, directeur adjoint au SGPI, nous décrit la stratégie de l’État pour doper les acteurs émergents dans ce secteur-clé de l’économie française.
Réacteurs innovants : les atouts d’Orano
Authors: Fabre Pierre
Published: November 2022

Si la conception de réacteurs innovants est une perspective très prometteuse, leur développement ne doit pas faire l’impasse sur le cycle du combustible. La conception des combustibles et la gestion des matières usées seront des paramètres fondamentaux pour bâtir un modèle durable. Orano est au coeur de ces travaux.
Sûreté, réglementation : AMR et SMR changent la donne
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: November 2022

L’Autorité de sûreté nucléaire française a clarifié ses attentes pour l’instruction des dossiers de sûreté des start-up du nucléaire et s’interroge sur la manière d’adapter le processus d’autorisation à ces projets innovants tant sur le plan technologique qu’économique.
Ernährungsmedizinischer Bedarf und reale Versorgung von Brustkrebspatientinnen
Authors: Ostermann Jasmin , Smollich Martin
Published: November 2022

Einleitung Für die Primärtherapie und Rezidivprävention des Mammakarzinoms sind der Ernährungsstatus und mögliche Effekte von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln von großer klinischer Relevanz. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Beantwortung der Frage, ob es eine Diskrepanz zwischen dem ernährungsmedizinischen Bedarf von Brustkrebspatientinnen und der realen Versorgungssituation gibt.

Methoden Von Dezember 2019 bis März 2020 wurden Brustkrebspatientinnen mittels eines Online-Fragebogens zu den persönlichen Erfahrungen während ihrer onkologischen Therapie befragt. Die erhobenen Daten wurden statistisch ausgewertet und kritisch diskutiert.

Ergebnisse Von den befragten Brustkrebspatientinnen (n = 166) gaben 64,5 % an, keine Ernährungsberatung erhalten zu haben, wobei sich von diesen Frauen 71,8 % eine Ernährungsberatung gewünscht hätten. 56 % der Frauen gaben an, keinerlei Beratung bezüglich der Einnahme von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln erhalten zu haben; gleichzeitig hatten aber 80,8 % der Frauen während ihrer onkologischen Therapie Nahrungsergänzungsmittel eingenommen. 83,7 % der Frauen informierten sich selbstständig über mögliche therapiebegleitende Ernährungstherapien, wobei die Informationen mit 71,2 % am häufigsten von Internetseiten und Online-Foren stammten.

Diskussion Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine erhebliche Diskrepanz zwischen ernährungsmedizinischem Bedarf und realer Beratungssituation von Frauen mit Brustkrebs. Trotz des mehrheitlich artikulierten Bedarfs einer individuellen Ernährungsberatung wird diese in der Regel nicht angeboten. Die strukturelle Implementierung einer qualifizierten Ernährungsberatung für alle Brustkrebspatientinnen wäre dringend notwendig, um durch einen optimierten Ernährungsstatus die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit der onkologischen Therapie zu verbessern und potenziell gefährliche Wechselwirkungen mit Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln zu vermeiden.
Chronotopic resolution, embodied subjectivity, and collective learning
Authors: Karimzad Farzad , Catedral Lydia
Published: November 2022

In our contribution to this special issue on “Chronotopes & the COVID-19 Pandemic”, we discuss the
complexities of human survival and its dependence on collective learning. We argue that
collective learning – and thus survival – is a sociolinguistic phenomenon and lay out a fractal system in which the related
sociolinguistic processes play out. This system highlights the chronotopic-scalar situatedness of survival and captures the
material, textual, and imagined aspects of learning and meaning-making. Drawing on interactions among a small group of Iranian
migrants dealing with the effects of COVID-19, we discuss the processes through which participants dynamically construct and
update their chronotopic images of their new circumstances, as they interact with material and semiotic data coming from multiple
scales/centers. We show how the normative-semiotic indeterminacies caused by COVID-19 are navigated by social actors as they make
sense of their spatiotemporal surroundings in pursuit of material and ideological survival.
Preparation and properties of environmentally benign waterborne polyurethane composites from sodium-alginate-modified nano calcium carbonate
Authors: Yang Yuhang , Pan Guanghua , Li Xing , Xu Wenqin , Chen Nanchun , Xie QingLin
Published: November 2022

Well-dispersed inorganic nanoparticles in organic polymers are critical in the preparation of high-performance nanocomposites. This study prepared a series of waterborne polyurethane (WPU)/calcium carbonate nanocomposites using the solution blending method. Next, FT-IR, TG-DTG and XRD tests were carried out to confirm that the biopolymer sodium alginate (SA) was successfully encapsulated on the surface of the calcium carbonate nanoparticles, and that SA achieved satisfactory surface modification of the calcium carbonate nanoparticles. The Zeta and ultraviolet (UV) absorbance test results reveal that SA-modified nano calcium carbonate (MCC) had good dispersion stability in water. The effects of the MCC dosage on the composite mechanical properties, thermal stability, and cross-sectional morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the water resistance of the nanocomposite were investigated. The results reveal that the incorporation of 3wt% of MCC in WPU had stable distribution, which led to a 54% increase in the tensile strength of the nanocomposite, while maintaining excellent elongation at break (2187%) and increasing the maximum decomposition temperature to 419.6 °C. Importantly, the improved water resistance facilitates the application of this environmentally benign composite material in humid environments.
Simple Ge/Si bilayer junction-based doping-less tunnel field-effect transistor
Authors: Kim Min-Won , Kim Ji-Hun , Kim Hyeon-Jun , Seo Jeong-Woo , Park Jea-Gun , Hong Jin-Pyo
Published: November 2022

Tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) have garnered great interest as an option for the replacement of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors owing to their extremely low off-current and fast switching suitable for low-power-consumption applications. However, conventional doped TFETs have the disadvantage of introducing undesirable random dopant fluctuation (RDF) events, which cause a large variance in the threshold voltage and ambipolar leakage current at negative gate voltages. In this study, a simple approach for charge plasma-based doping-less TFETs (DL-TFETs), including the Ge/Si bilayer frame, which affects the RDF and low on-current issues, was developed by the commercially available Silvaco Atlas device simulator. The use of the Ge/Si bilayer enhances the on-current and point subthreshold swing to 1.4 × 10−6 A and 16.6 mV dec−1, respectively. In addition, the dependencies of the Ge/Si junction boundary position and Ge content were examined systematically to attain a firm understanding of the electrical features in DL-TFETs.
A voxel-by-voxel method for mixing two filaments during a 3D printing process for soft-tissue replication in an anthropomorphic breast phantom
Authors: Okkalidis Nikiforos , Bliznakova Kristina
Published: November 2022

Objective. In this study, a novel voxel-by-voxel mixing method is presented, according to which two filaments of different material are combined during the three dimensional (3D) printing process. Approach. In our approach, two types of filaments were used for the replication of soft-tissues, a polylactic acid (PLA) filament and a polypropylene (PP) filament. A custom-made software was used, while a series of breast patient CT scan images were directly associated to the 3D printing process. Each phantom´s layer was printed twice, once with the PLA filament and a second time with the PP filament. For each material, the filament extrusion rate was controlled voxel-by-voxel and was based on the Hounsfield units (HU) of the imported CT images. The phantom was scanned at clinical CT, breast tomosynthesis and micro CT facilities, as the major processing was performed on data from the CT. A side by side comparison between patient´s and phantom´s CT slices by means of profile and histogram comparison was accomplished. Further, in case of profile comparison, the Pearson´s coefficients were calculated. Main results. The visual assessment of the distribution of the glandular tissue in the CT slices of the printed breast anatomy showed high degree of radiological similarity to the corresponding patient´s glandular distribution. The profile plots´ comparison showed that the HU of the replicated and original patient soft tissues match adequately. In overall, the Pearson´s coefficients were above 0.91, suggesting a close match of the CT images of the phantom with those of the patient. The overall HU were close in terms of HU ranges. The HU mean, median and standard deviation of the original and the phantom CT slices were −149, −167, ±65 and −121, −130, ±91, respectively. Significance. The results suggest that the proposed methodology is appropriate for manufacturing of anthropomorphic soft tissue phantoms for x-ray imaging and dosimetry purposes, since it may offer an accurate replication of these tissues.
Conservative weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics applied to flows with high vorticity
Authors: Kajzer Adam
Published: November 2022

The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method in the so-called weakly compressible variant (which mimics the incompressibility conditions) is studied in the context of its resolving power of vortical flows. It is well known that the conservative formulations of SPH have serious problems to provide reasonably accurate solutions even in simple flow cases. This deficiency is additionally emphasized by the fact that conservative SPH formulations are not numerically convergent. We investigate and discuss chosen techniques to improve the results; yet, the convergence issue remains. Maintaining the conservative properties (often presented in the literature as the SPH biggest advantage) requires procedures which are in contradiction with the accuracy improvements. Some myths about SPH are discussed and denied.
Simulations of Johnson-Segalman viscoelastic fluids flows in shear-thinning regime
Authors: Bodnár Tomáš , Sequeira Adélia
Published: November 2022

This paper presents selected numerical simulations performed using Johnson–Segalman model with specific setting of the convected derivative resulting in shear-thinning behavior of the model. The results are compared with the generalized Oldroyd-B model, which is typically used to simulate shear-thinning viscoelastic flows. Both models are solved using an in-house finite-volume solver on structured grid simulating steady flow in three-dimensional axisymmetric channel with smooth contraction. The results presented here focus on the flow recirculation behind the contraction and the structure of the forces emanating from the viscoelastic stress tensor.
Magnetic field exposure on electroplating process of ferromagnetic nickel ion on copper substrate
Authors: Basori  , Soegijono B , Susetyo F B
Published: November 2022

In this research, nickel electroplating was carried out under a magnetic field. A constant magnetic field was used to influence the electroplating process. Its effects on surface morphology, deposition rate, current efficiency, crystal structure, hardness, and corrosion properties of nickel films were investigated. Inhomogeneous pyramidal-type structures without crevices were formed on all samples. Ni films electrodeposited under exposure of 0.14T of the magnetic field revealed the highest deposition rate, current efficiency, and hardness. Less crystallite size would produce higher hardness. Three major peaks of X-ray diffraction are observed, and the (111) crystal plane is the most affected by the magnetic field during the electroplating process. The presence of 0.14T of magnetic field on the electrodeposition process also decreases (111) plane, crystallite size, and microstrain. A magnetic field could improve the corrosion and hardness properties of Ni films.
Compression Strength Characteristics of ABS and PLA Materials Affected by Layer Thickness on FDM
Authors: Kholil A , Asyaefudin E , Pinto N , Syaripuddin S
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the compression strength of the Fused Deposition Material (FDM) additive manufacturing with the parameters in different layer thicknesses between 0.10 – 0.35 mm. The specimen manufacturing process refers to ASTM D695 Standards with ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and PLA (polylactic acid) materials. Based on the test results, the highest compression strength is found in 0.15 mm layer thickness PLA material with a yield strength value of 66.78 MPa. The lowest compression strength is found in 0.35 mm of layer thickness ABS material with a yield strength value of 33.41 MPa. The value of compression strength on ABS and PLA materials varies with each layer thickness change.
Fruit Quality Classification using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Suhendar H , Efelina V , Ziveria M
Published: November 2022

Fruit quality identification is very important in the food industry for maintaining product quality. The quality control in the food industry commonly conducted by human senses which is lack of objectivity and takes long time for real-time mass production quality control. The quality of the fruit can be identified through its color, smell, and texture. This study uses fruit image to classify the quality of the fruit. We trained artificial neural networks for classifying fruit quality from Indian Fruit Dataset with Quality (FruitNet). The dataset contains six classes of fruits with three categorical qualities (Good, Bad, and Mixed). The dataset features were extracted using several pre-trained deep learning networks trained on the ImageNet dataset. The convolutional networks for feature extraction used in this study are VGG16, MobileNetV2, EfficientNetB0, and ResNet50. The extracted features are forwarded to neural network for training the dataset. The result shown that f1-score for testing dataset reaches more than 90% except for MobileNetV2. The highest f1-score is obtained from ResNet50 feature extraction which is 95.7%.
Flame Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) to Assess the Concentration of Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Zn) in Porites Coral from Ambon Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Ikhsani I Y , Kumayanjati B , Dida E N , Cahyarini S Y
Published: November 2022

The concentration of metals in coral represents environmental changes, monsoonal variation, and human disturbance. Metals in coral were used as a proxy to evaluate the response of coastal areas to climatic and human stresses. In this study, several metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) in Porites coral taken from Ambon Bay, Ambon Island, Indonesia, were investigated. The history of metals transient in the most populated island in Maluku Province is documented here from measurements of metals concentration from monthly-banded coral that grew in coastal seawater from 2001 to 2009. The concentration of heavy metals in coral samples was measured using Flame Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS) method. The results showed metals bioaccumulation (average ± STD) were following decreasing order: Pb (0.96 ± 1.58 μg/g) > Cr (0.15 ± 0.34 μg/g)> Zn (0.11 ± 0.26 μg/g) > Cd (0.007 ± 0.016 μg/g). Moreover, all metals content in the coral showed a remarkable rose from 2001 to 2009 and showed relatively high concentrations during the southeast monsoon for Pb and Cd. Based on the statistical analysis, all metals in Ambon Bay coral were impacted by terrestrial input. In addition, Pb and Cd were also impacted by natural processes that may be associated with their biogeochemical cycle and monsoonal variation.
Characteristics of Palu-Koro Fault based on Derivative Analysis and Euler Deconvolution Model of Gravity Data
Authors: Permana N R , Gunawan B , Primastika A A , Novitasari D
Published: November 2022

Indonesia is located at the confluence of three plates, namely the Eurasian, Indo-Australian, and Pacific plates which causes the formation of an active fault line. One of these active faults is the Palu-Koro fault, Sulawesi, with a shift rate of 30-44 mm/year. A geophysical method such as gravity determines the fault’s characteristics. Gravity data is processed by a derivative analysis process in the form of First Horizontal Derivative (FHD) and Second Vertical Derivative (SVD), which is carried out to represent the type of fault, and the Euler Deconvolution method is used to determine the location and depth of the fault anomaly source. The results show that the Palu-Koro fault has a high anomaly value in the west of 0.00557-0.01087 mGal in the north-south direction on the FHD map and an anomaly value of 0 in the north-south direction on the SVD map. The source of the anomaly can be seen more clearly in the results of the Euler Deconvolution modelling at a depth of 50-400 m from the topography of the study area. The Palu-Koro fault is proven to have many structures at shallow depths with very active movements that can trigger earthquakes.
Gravity Anomaly Evaluation of the Geothermal Field Distribution Around the Seismo-Volcanic Area of Toba Lake
Authors: Rizki M K , Lubis A M , Handayani L , Mukti M M , Anggono T , Gaol K L , Sudrajat Y
Published: November 2022

Toba Lake is one of the largest caldera lakes in the world, formed by an enormous eruption about 74,000 years ago. The emergence of hot spring manifestations around Lake Toba is closely related to volcanic activity, which is also controlled by regional geological structures. There are two areas in Lake Toba: Simbolon and Pusuk Buhit, with several geothermal manifestations, such as fumaroles, hot springs, and steaming ground. With the large caldera area, there should be other locations with geothermal potential. Therefore, we analyzed the regional gravity anomaly to find specific patterns that might indicate a possible geothermal field. First, we obtained the data of Free Air Anomaly (FAA) with a resolution of 1.85 km from altimetry satellites and acceleration of gravity anomaly data of 0.1 mGal at 1 minute per grid with an altitude accuracy of 1 meter. In order to acquire the Simple Bouguer Anomaly, the data were corrected. Then, we analyzed the results based on derivative analysis. The result shows that the location has simple Bouguer anomaly values between - 26.2 mGal-36.0 mGal with an initial density of 1.74 gr/cc. Furthermore, we speculated that indicated regional patterns of structures and sub-surface properties might be associated with that prospective geothermal.