bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Radiation Losses in Microstructured Optical Fibers for Sensing Applications
Authors: Beltrán-Mejía Felipe , Silvestre Enrique , Andrés Pedro
Published: February 2023

We have incorporated perfectly matched layers (PMLs) into our iterative Fourier modal method to tackle radiation losses in microstructured optical fibers (MOFs). For the inclusion of PMLs, first we have adapted our numerical procedure both to handle conductive and absorptive anisotropic materials and to search directly for the eigenvalues that are close to a certain fixed value. Secondly, we have designed a novel type of cylindrical PMLs in which the conductivity increases radially, suiting quite well with the fiber radiation modes. The description of the PMLs as an anisotropic material has allowed us to use a different coordinate system to describe either the 2D wave equation or the PMLs themselves. Once the calibration process of the PMLs is successfully ended, radiation losses can be estimated accurately. Finally, this technique is applied to model radiation losses for specialty MOFs used for sensing applications.
Theoretical and experimental study of supercontinuum generation in a water-core PCF
Authors: Bozolan A. , de Matos C. J. S. , Martins E. R. , Spadoti D. H. , Romero M. A. , Borges B.H. V. , Cordeiro C. M. B.
Published: February 2023

Photonic crystal fibers have been the subject of several studies for potential applications in areas such as telecommunications, sensing, metrology, biology, medicine and spectroscopy. These fibers have a number of unique features owing to their geometric structure, which consists of a matrix of regular holes that travels along its longitudinal axis. This design allows the selective insertion of materials such as gas and liquids, which interact efficiently with the guided modes. The insertion of materials can also be explored to introduce a new degree of freedom to control the properties of waveguide, by modifying modal features such as nonlinear coefficient and dispersion. Such control may, in some cases, contribute to increase the efficiency of nonlinear effects, enabling the creation of a supercontinumm spectrum. In this work we compare results obtained both experimentally and numerically of supercontinuum generation in a distilled water-core photonic crystal fiber. The results indicate the importance of setting the pump close to the zero dispersion region of the material so that a broad spectrum can be obtained. Improved agreement between experiments and simulations requires a better degree of experimental detail to be incorporated into the theoretical model, which will be the objective of future studies and work.
Spontaneous Raman Scattering in Optical Fiber: Experimental Measurement
Authors: Ribeiro L.A. , Quirino S.F. , Toledo A.O. , Barbosa L.C. , Lisboa O. , Arruda J.U.
Published: February 2023

Fiber sensors are the state of the art in distributed sensors. The basic effects for distributed sensors of temperature and strain are related with nonlinear optics. However, the development of this equipment require a well established knowledge about the characteristics effects involved and how they change the spectral distribution of the light: its intensity and frequency; in this way the work shows up spontaneous Raman measurement in optical fiber and discuss its mainly characteristics. The measurements were taken with a 1319 nm wavelength from a Nd-YAG CW laser coupled in a 2,7 km monomode optical fiber. Several spectrum were taken in the range of 20 mW till 100 mW, also the ratio power output/power input was observed in that range. The Raman shift measured in this experiment, about 12 THz, is in a good agreement with the literature. Raman peaks were observed only in the 20mW - 90mW range, it has been observed that the higher the power input, the lower is the spontaneous Raman peaks intensity, and at 100 mW it vanishes completely. The power ratio analyses shows the power transmission loss; it is discussed the pump depletion due to nonlinear backscattering and the Raman beam depletion for higher power input values are also discussed.
Association of the retail food environment, BMI, dietary patterns, and socioeconomic position in urban areas of Mexico
Authors: Pineda Elisa , Barbosa Cunha Diana , Taghavi Azar Sharabiani Mansour , Millett Christopher
Published: February 2023

The retail food environment is a key modifiable driver of food choice and the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to assess the relationship between the density of food retailers, body mass index (BMI), dietary patterns, and socioeconomic position in Mexico. Cross-sectional dietary data, BMI and socioeconomic characteristics of adult participants came from the nationally representative 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey in Mexico. Geographical and food outlet data were obtained from official statistics. Densities of food outlets per census tract area (CTA) were calculated. Dietary patterns were determined using exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis. The association of food environment variables, socioeconomic position, BMI, and dietary patterns was assessed using two-level multilevel linear regression models. Three dietary patterns were identified—the healthy, the unhealthy and the carbohydrates-and-drinks dietary pattern. Lower availability of fruit and vegetable stores was associated with an unhealthier dietary pattern whilst a higher restaurant density was associated with a carbohydrates-and-drinks pattern. A graded and inverse association was observed for fruit and vegetable store density and socioeconomic position (SEP)—lower-income populations had a reduced availability of fruit and vegetable stores, compared with higher-income populations. A higher density of convenience stores was associated with a higher BMI when adjusting for unhealthy dietary patterns. Upper-income households were more likely to consume healthy dietary patterns and middle-upper-income households were less likely to consume unhealthy dietary patterns when exposed to high densities of fruit and vegetable stores. When exposed to a high concentration of convenience stores, lower and upper-lower-income households were more likely to consume unhealthy dietary patterns. Food environment and sociodemographic conditions within neighbourhoods may affect dietary behaviours. Food environment interventions and policies which improve access to healthy foods and restrict access to unhealthy foods may facilitate healthier diets and contribute to the prevention of NCDs.
Disease phenotypic and geospatial features vary across genetic lineages for Tuberculosis within Arkansas, 2010–2020
Authors: Renardy Marissa E. , Gillen Craig , Yang Zhenhua , Mukasa Leonard , Bates Joseph , Butler Russ , Kirschner Denise E.
Published: February 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) elimination in the United States remains elusive, and community-specific, localized intervention strategies may be necessary to meet elimination goals. A better understanding of the genotypic diversity of Mtb, the population subgroups affected by different TB strains, and differences in disease presentation associated with these strains can aid in identifying risk groups and designing tailored interventions. We analyze TB incidence and genotype data from all Arkansas counties over an 11-year time span from 2010 through 2020. We use statistical methods and geographic information systems (GIS) to identify demographic and disease phenotypic characteristics that are associated with different Mtb genetic lineages in the study area. We found the following variables to be significantly associated with genetic lineage (p<0.05): patient county, patient birth country, patient ethnicity, race, IGRA result, disease site, chest X-ray result, whether or not a case was identified as part of a cluster, patient age, occupation risk, and date arrived in the US. Different Mtb lineages affect different subpopulations in Arkansas. Lineage 4 (EuroAmerican) and Lineage 2 (East Asian) are most prevalent, although the spatial distributions differ substantially, and lineage 2 (East Asian) is more frequently associated with case clusters. The Marshallese remain a particularly high-risk group for TB in Arkansas.
Performance of screening tools for cervical neoplasia among women in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Smith Sabrina K. , Nwosu Oguchi , Edwards Alex , Zerihun Meseret , Chung Michael H. , Suvada Kara , Ali Mohammed K.
Published: February 2023

Objective

To evaluate the performance of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) testing, visual inspection with Lugol’s iodine (VILI), primary HPV testing, and conventional Pap smear in detecting CIN2+ among non-pregnant women aged 30–65 in LMICs between 1990 and 2020.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting and participants

Low- and middle-income countries, non-pregnant women aged 30–65.

Methods

CENTRAL (Cochrane Library), CINAHL, Embase, Global Health, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to identify studies evaluating the performance of cervical cancer screening methods in LMICs. A diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of 4 screening methods in detecting CIN2+ relative to biopsy or cytology reference standards. Pooled statistics for sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratios, and summary receiver operating characteristic curves were determined for each method. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine whether there was variation in performance based on different reference standards for defining CIN2+, specifically: colposcopy-directed biopsy, biopsy alone, colposcopy alone, or liquid-based cytology.

Results

Eighteen studies were identified through systematic review. Twelve studies were included in meta-analysis; 11 were cross-sectional and 1 was a randomized controlled clinical trial. The remaining six of the eighteen studies were inclided in a narrative syntehsis. Pooled estimates for sensitivity for VIA, VILI, primary HPV testing, and conventional Pap smear were 72.3%, 64.5%, 79.5%, and 60.2%, respectively; pooled estimates for specificity were 74.5%, 68.5%, 72.6%, and 97.4%, respectively; the diagnostic odds ratios were 7.31, 3.73, 10.42, 69.48, respectively; and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.766, 0.647, 0.959, and 0.818, respectively. Performance of the screening method varied based on the reference standard used; pooled estimates using either colposcopy-directed biopsy or biopsy alone as the reference standard generally reported lower estimates; pooled estimates using either colposcopy alone or liquid-based cytology as references reported higher estimates.

Conclusions and implications

This meta-analysis found primary HPV testing to be the highest performing cervical cancer screening method in accurately identifying or excluding CIN2+. Further evaluation of performance at different CIN thresholds is warranted.
The Bothriolepis (Placodermi, Antiarcha) material from the Valentia Slate Formation of the Iveragh Peninsula (middle Givetian, Ireland): Morphology, evolutionary and systematic considerations, phylogenetic and palaeogeographic implications
Authors: Dupret Vincent , Byrne Hannah M. , Castro Nélia , Hammer Øyvind , Higgs Kenneth T. , Long Johan A. , Niedźwiedzki Grzegorz , Qvarnström Martin , Stössel Iwan , Ahlberg Per E.
Published: February 2023

Material of the antiarch placoderm Bothriolepis from the middle Givetian of the Valentia Slate Formation in Iveragh Peninsula, Ireland, is described and attributed to a new species, B. dairbhrensis sp. nov. A revision of the genus Bothriolepis is proposed, and its taxonomic content and previous phylogenetic analyses are reviewed, as well as the validity of morphologic characteristics considered important for the establishment of the genus, such as the shape of the preorbital recess of the neurocranium. A series of computerised phylogenetic analyses was performed, which reveals that our new species is the sister taxon to the Frasnian Scottish form B. gigantea. New phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses of the genus Bothriolepis together with comparisons between faunal assemblages reveal a first northward dispersal wave from Gondwana to Euramerica at the latest in the mid Givetian. Other Euramerican species of Bothriolepis seem to belong to later dispersal waves from Gondwana, non-excluding southward waves from Euramerica. Questions remain open such as the taxonomic validity and stratigraphic constraints for the most ancient forms of Bothriolepis in China, and around the highly speciose nature of the genus.
Impacts of soil erosion and climate change on the built heritage of the Pambamarca Fortress Complex in northern Ecuador
Authors: Santos Fabián , Calle Nora , Bonilla Santiago , Sarmiento Fausto , Herrnegger Mathew
Published: February 2023

The Pambamarca fortress complex in northern Ecuador is a cultural and built heritage with 18 prehispanic fortresses known asPucaras. They are mostly located on the ridge of the Pambamarca volcano, which is severely affected by erosion. In this research, we implemented a multiscale methodology to identify sheet, rill and gully erosion in the context of climate change for the prehistoric sites. In a first phase, we coupled the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and four CMIP6 climate models to evaluate and prioritize whichPucarasare prone to sheet and rill erosion, after comparing historical and future climate scenarios. Then, we conducted field visits to collect geophotos and soil samples for validation purposes, as well as drone flight campaigns to derive high resolution digital elevation models and identify gully erosion with the stream power index. Our erosion maps achieved an overall accuracy of 0.75 when compared with geophotos and correlated positively with soil samples sand fraction. ThePucarasevaluated with the historical climate scenario obtained erosion rates ranging between 0 and 20 ton*ha-1*yr-1. These rates also varied from -15.7% to 39.1% for four future climate change models that reported extreme conditions. In addition, after identifying and overflying six Pucaras that showed the highest erosion rates in the future climate models, we mapped their gully-prone areas that represented between 0.9% and 3.2% of their analyzed areas. The proposed methodology allowed us to observe how the design of thePucarasand their concentric terraces have managed to reduce gully erosion, but also to notice the pressures they suffer due to their susceptibility to erosion, anthropic pressures and climate change. To address this, we suggest management strategies to guide the protection of this cultural and built heritage landscapes.
Measuring the suicidal mind: The ‘open source’ Suicidality Scale, for adolescents and adults
Authors: Harris Keith M. , Wang Lu , Mu Guanglun M. , Lu Yanxia , So Cheryl , Zhang Wei , Ma Jing , Liu Kefei , Wang Wei , Zhang Melvyn Wei-bin , Ho Roger C.
Published: February 2023

Clinicians are expected to provide accurate and useful mental health assessments, sometimes in emergency settings. The most urgent challenge may be in calculating suicide risk. Unfortunately, existing instruments often fail to meet requirements. To address this situation, we used a sustainable scale development approach to create a publicly available Suicidality Scale (SS). Following a critical review of current measures, community input, and panel discussions, an international item pool survey included 5,115 English-speaking participants aged 13–82 years. Revisions were tested with two follow-up cross-sectional surveys (Ns = 814 and 626). Pool items and SS versions were critically examined through item response theory, hierarchical cluster, factor and bifactor analyses, resulting in a unidimensional eight-item scale. Psychometric properties were high (loadings > .77; discrimination > 2.2; test-retestr= .87; internal consistency, ω = .96). Invariance checks were satisfied for age, gender, ethnicity, rural/urban residence, first language, self-reported psychiatric diagnosis and suicide attempt history. The SS showed stronger psychometric properties, and significant differences in bivariate associations with depressive symptoms, compared with included suicide measures. The ‘open source’ Suicidality Scale represents a significant step forward in accurate assessment for people aged 13+, and diverse populations. This study provides an example of sustainable scale development utilizing community input, emphasis on strong psychometric evidence from diverse samples, and a free-to-use license allowing instrument revisions. These methods can be used to develop a wide variety of psychosocial instruments that can benefit clinicians, researchers, and the public.
Clinical and economic burden of healthcare-associated infections: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Gidey Kidu , Gidey Meles Tekie , Hailu Berhane Yohannes , Gebreamlak Zigbey Brhane , Niriayo Yirga Legesse
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have become a serious public health problem. Despite the fact that implementing evidence-based infection control strategies could prevent HAIs and save billions of dollars, Ethiopia lacks national surveillance studies on the rate, economic, and clinical burden of HAIs.

Objective

To assess the clinical and economic burden of HAIs in hospitalized patients at Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital.

Materials and methods

A prospective cohort study design was conducted in patients with and without HAIs. A review of medical records, interviews, and patient bills was used to extract necessary information. The patients in the two arms were matched based on age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, and ward type. Measurable factors were compared between infected and uninfected patients using the paired ttest or McNemar’s test, as appropriate. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality. Stata 14.1 was used to conduct all analyses.

Results

A total of 408 patients, 204 with HAIs and 204 without HAIs were included in the study. In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with HAI (14.7% vs 7.8%, P = 0.028). Patients with HAI stayed an average of 8.3 days longer than controls (18.85 vs 10.59, P<0.001). The average direct medical costs for patients with HAI were 3033 Ethiopian birrs (ETB) higher than controls (4826 vs 1793, P<0.001). The presence of HAIs (AOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.13–4.39) and admission to intensive care units (AOR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.55–7.40) were significant predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion

HAIs have a significant impact on in-hospital mortality, the length of extra hospital stays, and extra costs for medical care. Patients admitted to intensive care units and those with HAIs were found to be significant predictors of in-hospital mortality. Interventions must be implemented to prevent HAIs, especially in patients admitted to intensive care units.
Temporal and inter-farm variability of economic and environmental farm performance: A resilience perspective on potato producing regions in the Netherlands
Authors: Paas Wim , Meuwissen Miranda P. M. , van Ittersum Martin K. , Reidsma Pytrik
Published: February 2023

In the context of resilience and sustainability of farming systems it is important to study the trade-offs and synergies between economic and environmental variables. In this study, we selected food production, economic and environmental performance indicators of farms in three potato producing regions in the Netherlands: Flevoland, Zeeland and Veenkoloniën. We studied the period 2006 to 2019 using farm accountancy data. We used threshold regressions to determine gradual development and year-to-year variation of those indicators. Subsequently we applied a sparse Partial Least Square (sPLS) regression to study the response of performance, gradual development and year-to-year variation under different conditions regarding weather, market and farm structure. sPLS-model performance was at best moderate. Best model performance was attained for Veenkoloniën, a region with relatively little inter-farm variability and relatively stable economic prices. Model results were very sensitive to the selection of response variables. We found that food production, economic and environmental performance levels and gradual developments were primarily determined by input intensity levels. How these performance levels were determined by input intensity, i.e. positively or negatively, differed per case study. Year-to-year variability was determined by average yearly weather conditions and weather extremes. Overall, we conclude that the method applied to the data we had available mostly provided insights that confirm existing knowledge at case study level. sPLS can be seen as a filter and projector of high-dimensional data that accentuates patterns in the data. In the context of resilience of farms, while using a relatively small dataset, the applicability of our methodology seems limited to a rather homogeneous farm population in a stable economic environment. Researchers intending to apply this method to (arable) farming systems should be well aware of the influence they can have on the results through their selection of response variables.
Sakura imagery and cosmetics: Colour symbolism, aesthetics and cultural significance in an Australian context
Authors: Bryce Mio , Scholes Kelsey E. , Simon Jane
Published: February 2023

This article examines contemporary representations of sakura (cherry blossom) in cosmetics marketing. Since the Heian period, sakura has been loved and regarded as having tangible and metaphorical significance in Japan. Imagery of sakura is rich in ambiguity and has a complex history as evident in its use in the militaristic promotion of heroism, especially related to the Second World War. However, in recent decades, sakura imagery has proliferated across a range of popular culture both inside and out of Japan. In this article we focus on the circulation and meanings of sakura imagery accessible and appropriated in Australia with specific attention to cosmetics. Sakura offers not only aesthetic pleasure but also potentially some health benefits. Our discussion draws on data from surveys and interviews with participants in Australia about their perspectives of sakura aesthetics related to colour symbolism. This is accompanied by close analysis of colour symbolism in recent perfume, skincare and cosmetic marketing, branding and packaging which use sakura imagery. We argue that, using the complex symbolism associated with the wide colour spectrum, sakura imagery has now been refashioned as a versatile promotional tool in the global market, as exemplified by the brand engagement of sakura-themed cosmetics.
O Inventário de Temperamento e Carater Revisto (TCI-R)
Authors: Moreira Paulo , Inman Richard , Cloninger C. Robert
Published: February 2023

O Inventário de Temperamento e Carácter – Revisto (ITC-R; Temperament and Character Inventory – Revised; TCI-R) é um instrumento de autorrelato de avaliação das quatro dimensões de Temperamento e as três dimensões de Carácter descritas pelo modelo psicobiológico da personalidade. A compreensão do grau em que as características da personalidade de um indivíduo ou de uma subpopulação de indivíduos diferem do típico da população geral requer a existência de dados normativos da população de referência. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as normas da versão portuguesa do ITC-R. Participaram neste estudo indivíduos adultos portugueses (n = 2442), uma amostra estratificada representativa da população portuguesa. Neste artigo, descrevemos os valores das escalas e subescalas do ITC-R para a amostra total, para o género masculino e feminino e para diferentes grupos etários. Para além disso, apresentamos tabelas das normas (percentis). Este artigo dá, portanto, uma contribuição relevante para a avaliação psicológica em Portugal, ao disponibilizar os dados normativos do ITC-R na população portuguesa, elemento fundamental para o desenvolvimento de investigação, avaliação e intervenção utilizando o modelo psicobiológico da personalidade.
The paradoxes of social work in a securitised setting: the example of prevention and radicalisation in German prisons
Authors: Jakob Maria , Jukschat Nadine , Leistner Alexander
Published: February 2023

Due to their structural logic, pedagogical activities are characterised by paradoxical tensions that cannot be resolved on a professional level but instead must be handled reflexively. Based on observations and interview data collected in the field of prevention and deradicalisation work, this article reconstructs how the fundamental paradoxes underlying social pedagogical activities are further intensified in an era of securitisation. To carry out this reconstruction, the influence of securitisation on the paradoxical tensions that exist between pedagogical and social work principles, on the one hand, and the logic of prevention and prison, on the other, are examined – as are the tension between closeness and distance in the organisation of social pedagogical relationships. It becomes clear that pedagogical professionalism in this field likewise depends on handling one’s own emotions, as well as the emotions of clients, in a self-reflexive manner.
Coal and Coal Byproducts as Potential Sources of Rare Earth Elements (REE) in Indiana
Authors: Mastalerz Maria , Drobniak Agnieszka , Branam Tracy
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate coal and coal byproducts (coal waste, coal ash, and acid mine drainage) in Indiana as potential sources of rare earth elements (REE). On a whole-rock basis, most Indiana coal samples have REE content below 100 ppm, and only some samples of the Brazil and Staunton Formations (Lower and Upper Block and Viking B coals) reach 100 ppm. Because REE concentrations vary between locations and within individual coal beds, and the correlations of coals within the Brazil and Staunton Formations are often uncertain, a better understanding of the stratigraphy of these formations is needed to identify the most promising REE horizons.
Owing to a long history of coal mining, Indiana has numerous coal preparation plants and associated coarse-and fine-grained coal refuse (known, respectively, as gobs and slurry ponds). This paper reviews the available data on locations and volumes of these deposits. The total extent of slurry pond deposits was estimated at 2,765 acres, and the total volume estimates ranged from 94,000,000 to 136,000,000 cubic yards. No estimates are available for gob deposits in Indiana. To our knowledge, no REE data are available for coal preparation plant waste in Indiana, except for minimal data from coal slurry in Warrick County. Water streams from abandoned coal mines and coal processing (acid mine drainage, AMD) could also be a source of REE or other critical minerals; we review available data from AMD sites.
Indiana, having many coal-fired power plants, has accumulated a large quantity of coal ash during its mining history. Our estimates indicate that coal ash deposits occupy ~2,184 acres, storing ~52,566,153 m3 of ash. Volume estimates for individual coal ash sites come from various sources and present our best estimates at this time. To our knowledge, no REE data are available on coal ash in Indiana. Such data would be of great value because coal ash deposits could be an important resource for REE, other critical minerals, or other high-value carbon products.
Quaternary Stratigraphy and Geomorphic History of the Flatwoods Region of Owen and Monroe Counties, Indiana
Authors: Jacobs Peter , Gray Henry , Loope Henry , Antinao Jose Luis , Rupp Robin
Published: February 2023

The Flatwoods region of Owen and Monroe Counties, Indiana is an archetype of late Quaternary history of the southern Midwest. We compile decades of field observations and sampling, including soil cores, a deep test hole, and hundreds of water well, seismic, and other data sources, to construct a detailed Quaternary stratigraphy and geomorphic history of the region, including a model of the preglacial bedrock topography. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques provide the first numerical ages of the sediments and reveal the Illinois Episode glacier advanced into the region between 111-175 ka. Gray, calcareous Illinois Episode sediments dominate the valley fill, but highly weathered red glaciogenic sediments in the eastern part of the region may be related to a pre-Illinois Episode glacial event. Fine-grained stratified lake sediments indicate the southwestward draining bedrock valley was flooded as glacial ice entered the drainage basin. Sandy outwash covers the lake sediment marking the advance of glacier ice that ultimately crossed the basin and deposited till. Till is found in several ice-marginal ridges interpreted to be moraines marking the glacial limit. The Flatwoods valley routed water to the east end of the region where it spilled over one or more cols into Raccoon Creek, then continued toward the Ohio River in a glacial drainage system developed along the glacier margin. The Sangamon Geosol is a pervasive soil stratigraphic unit developed into Illinois Episode sediments, eroded only in modern stream valleys. The Geosol is well expressed morphologically, noted mostly by deep leaching of carbonates, red colors, and weathered mineralogy. Wisconsin Episode glaciation is represented by eolian sediments, including a thin increment of silty sediment incorporated into the upper solum of the Sangamon Geosol. Windblown Peoria Loess, deposited between ~27-16 ka, blankets the entire Flatwoods region, with greatest thicknesses preserved on flat lake or outwash plain landforms.
Supplemental DataGeodatabase: The geodatabase includes locations of water-well records, borehole and outcrop sites, geophysical (gamma-ray) logs, refraction seismic surveys, passive seismic (horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio [HVSR]) surveys, and data from the geological literature.Metadata: FGDC-compliant metadata for geodatabase.Data: Analytical data and other geological information include: a downhole geophysical (gamma-ray); data from the 2019 test hole, including clay mineralogy, core photographs, a downhole gamma-ray log, and particle size analysis; Indiana Geological and Water Survey (IGWS) archive data, which is comprised of borehole descriptions; a copy of Jacobs' (1994) Ph.D. dissertation; scanned profile description sheets and core stratigraphy from Jacobs (1994); and supplementary optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) data.ReadMe: Detailed file directory explaination of items within each of the supplemental data item ZIP files.
2023 IGWS calendar
Authors: Clifford Sara , Sturgeon Polly , Jones Casey , Wilkins Kristen , Knauth William , Johnson Matthew
Published: February 2023

This year's Indiana Geological and Water Survey calendar focuses on our new state fossil, the mastodon (Mammut americanum).
Penerapan Sistem Proposional-Integral-Derivatif Pada Hatchery untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Day Old Chick (DOC)
Authors: Yannuaristaa Deni , Riyadi Eko Slamet , Hasyim Nur Cholik , Rintania Sandris
Published: February 2023

The Livestock Product Processing Technology Laboratory is one of the centers of practicum, research or community service activities at the Banyuwangi State Polytechnic where it has a hatchery machine with a capacity of 500 grains, the hatchery machine has been modified so that the temperature and humidity can be controlled properly, but the machine still has some disadvantages. In addition to frequent errors in the heater, The system used still uses an on/off control system as a temperature and humidity regulator, so it can cause over shoot or under shoot which can cause fluctuations in temperature and humidity, so it is necessary to apply Proposional-Integral-Derifativ (PID) control which is able to accelerate the response of a system, eliminate offsets and produce large initial changes The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the tool by applying PID control to hatchery machines that were tested to hatchability and Knowing the temperature and humidity settings to get the best results from the application of PID control on the hatchery machine. This research began with the preparation of the PID control series, namely making hardware and software designs using Arduino, sterilizing hatchery machines and setting temperatures of 37ºC and temperatures of 38ºC and humidity of 65 and 67%, entering eggs for 21 days and collecting data, hatchability and hatching. The results showed that PID control provided constant temperature and humidity stability at 37ºC and 38ºC temperatures, the best temperature and humidity use treatment at 38ºC was able to hatchability of 78.26%.
Edible Film Modification Based-on Mucuna Pruriens with Crosslink Method Incorporated with Gelatin, Sodium Alginate, and Green Tea Extract
Authors: Handayani Noer Abyor , Soewito Laurensia Belinda , F Alfan Fatir , T Ignatia Novita , S Tian Shifa
Published: February 2023

Health and environmental problems related to plastic food packaging are general problems. Edible film as food packaging from organic and edible materials can be a solution by increasing its structure and content. Modification of edible film from the protein of Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) with gelatin and alginate to modify the structure of the film and the addition of green tea leaf extract as an antioxidant. Edible films are made by combining constituent materials with the addition of a crosslink method. The addition of green tea leaf antioxidant concentration on nutritional properties, chemical properties, and shelf life of edible films through the DPPH method and antimicrobial tests showed good changes. The addition of gelatin, alginate, and green tea leaves to the mechanical and morphological properties of the film showed good indications. The effect before and after the addition of green tea leaves on the chemical structure of the edible film (OH‑ group) using FTIR analysis shows indications through changes in spectra. Modified velvet bean film with gelatin, alginate, and green tea leaves can potentially be applied in the food industry as food packaging.
Self-Discharging and Corrosion Problems in Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Hendriana Dena , Aziz Mochamad Hamdan , Kardana Yohanes Acep Nanang , Rachmat Muhamad Lutfi , Baskoro Gembong , Nasution Henry
Published: February 2023

Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has a potential for large energy storage system due to its independence of energy capacity and power generation. VRFB is known to have challenges of high price, corrosion problem and lower energy efficiency. In this work, VRFB prototype with all components from existing parts sold in the market has been assembled and tested. Estimated electrochemical reactions are discussed for initial charging process with Vanadium Pentoxide powder as initial state to obtain fully charged battery state with V2+ ion in anolyte and VO2 + ion in catholyte. Material corrosion testes were done by immersing the material in a Vanadium electrolyte and by using the material as a bipolar plate in the VRFB system. Immersion test showed that copper, steel, lead and zinc were corroded badly. In bipolar plate material test, stainless steel 316, aluminum and silver plates were corroded after some hours of electric charging process. Simple carbon plastic composites and 3-mm thickness graphite plates were tested in the bipolar plate material test and failed due to corrosion problem as well. In the VRFB prototype, corrosion problems occurred on brass nipples, polyurethane plastic pipes and porous silicone seals. Stronger plastic components and better quality of silicone seals are needed for VRFB. Significant finding of this study is possible spontaneous chemical reaction within anolyte tank as a potential of self-discharging reaction which other researchers have not identified. Also, another finding from this study is that good bipolar plate for VRFB is not easily available in the market.
The Effect of Drying on Anthocyanin Content and Antioxidant Activity in Red Cabbage and White Cabbage
Authors: Efendi Rahmat , Pradana Rahmandika Irfan , Dewi Luthfi Kurnia , Cahyani Chandrawati
Published: February 2023

Red cabbage and white cabbage contain several beneficial compounds, such as anthocyanins that can scavenge free radicals. The study aimed to determine the effect of drying on anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity in red cabbage and white cabbage. Each cabbage will be given two pretreatments, namely: (1) drying, and (2) without drying. Maceration extraction using a mixture of water and methanol 50:50 (v/v) acidified with 7% citric acid with a liquid to solid mass ratio of 1:4 (w/v) and with a controlled temperature of 60°C for a period of 1 h. Cabbage extract was examined for anthocyanin content by differential pH method and antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method. The results showed anthocyanin content in crude fresh red cabbage extract 64.124 mg/L, crude dried red cabbage extract 210.74 mg/L, crude fresh white cabbage extract 0.445 mg/L, crude dried white cabbage extract 0.584 mg/L. The antioxidant activity (IC50) of crude fresh red cabbage extract, crude dried red cabbage extract, crude fresh white cabbage extract, and crude dried white cabbage extract were 54,317 ppm, 49,464 ppm, 131,878 ppm, and 107,069 ppm, respectively. The optimum results were crude dried red cabbage extract with a yield of 25.2%, anthocyanin content of 210.74 mg/L, IC50 value of 49.464 ppm.
Lactic acid fermentation of banana peel using Lactobacillus plantarum : Effect of substrate concentration, inoculum concentration, and various nitrogen sources
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Amalia Yufrida
Published: February 2023

Semeru Banana peel is an organic waste that is exclusively utilized as animal feed and does not harm the environment. The primary component of banana peels is carbohydrates, which can be used as a substrate during the fermentation process to produce lactic acid. The fermentation of banana peel flour with Lactobacillus plantarum strain FNCC 0020 was the main focus of this investigation. Variations in the concentrations of the substrate and inoculum as well as the impact of the type of nitrogen on lactic acid concentration were investigated. According to research findings, the big banana peel contains 70.52% carbs, 5.68% soluble protein, 3.115% fat, 6.74% water, 2.395% ash, and 13.38% crude fiber. While the inoculum variable was 0.5% v/v and the best substrate concentration variable was 17.5% w/v, the best lactic acid concentrations were 5.401 g/L and 8.586 g/L, respectively, as determined by HPLC (High-Performance Liquid) analysis. Banana peel flour only includes a modest amount of nitrogen (0.8295%), sulfate (0.037 grams), phosphate (1.6105%), and vitamin B1 (0.2315%), so additional nitrogen sources must be added. The production of lactic acid is shown to increase with the addition of various forms of nitrogen, with ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate (2:1) producing the greatest yields of 9.781 g/L and 14.255 g/L, respectively, of lactic acid, which is lower than lactic acid from yeast extract.
Cross section of genetic diversity in mainland and insular populations of Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz.) Sm. using SPAR markers reveal patterns linked to allopolyploidy and biogeography
Authors: Kuttappety Manikantan , Surendran Karuna , Pillai Padmesh P
Published: February 2023

Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz.) Sm. is a major source of diosgenin, used for the commercial synthesis of cortisone, sex hormones and contraceptives. The genetic diversity analysis in wild populations of C. speciosus from 3 biogeographic regions viz., Western Ghats (WG), Eastern Ghats (EG) and Andaman and Nicobar Islands (AN) were done using 2 different Single Primer Amplification Reaction (SPAR) methods. A total of 70 accessions spanning these regions were used in the present study. The assay yielded a total of 314 amplicons of which 268 were polymorphic, exhibiting 85.35% of polymorphism. The prevalence of high rate of genetic differentiation (mean Gst = 0.90) and low gene flow (mean Nm= 0.06) are the main attributes of the observed low diversity in these populations. The accessions clustered broadly under 2 major groups corresponding to the three biogeographic zones with insular populations diverse from the mainland. This was further resolved by AMOVA analysis. C. speciosus is found to exist in different cytotypes exhibiting allopolyploidy. The differences in distribution and genetic fitness of the population from EG and WG may be attributed to the allopolyploid nature of the taxa. In the present study, Island populations comprise very low heterozygosity (Ht = 0.10) suggesting that the rate of fixation is more in these populations. Similarly, the rate of gene flow was almost absent (Nm = 0.02). The higher levels of genetic similarity (0.99) may be due to an increase in fixation of the genes resulting from allopolyploidy. This is the first study on comparative genetic diversity of C. speciosus using SPAR markers.
Documentation of ethnomedicinal plants for the treatment of skin diseases from Pangi valley, Western Himalaya
Authors: Dey Poushali , Kumar Ravindra , Yadav Khooshboo , Tripathi Shailja , Agnihotri Priyanka
Published: February 2023

The present study deals with the systematic documentation of medicinal plants utilized by the indigenous inhabitants of Pangi valley to treat various skin problems. A total of 61 plant species belonging to 56 genera and 30 families have been found to be useful in the treatment of wounds (30 sp.), boils (27 sp.), cuts (24 sp.), burns (17 sp.), itching and pimples (05 sp. each), skin eruption, leukoderma and eczema (03 sp. each), pus removal, injuries (02 sp. each), skin pigmentation (01 sp.), etc. A table is provided including their botanical names, families, local names, habitat, altitude range, life form, nativity, threat status, uses, parts used and mode of preparation.
Development of a candidate reference measurement procedure by ID-LC-MS/MS for total tau protein measurement in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Authors: Giangrande Chiara , Vaneeckhoutte Hélène , Boeuf Amandine , Lalere Béatrice , Hirtz Christophe , Lehmann Sylvain , Quaglia Milena , Delatour Vincent
Published: February 2023

Objectives

In clinical pratice, tau protein measurement generally relies on immunoassays (IAs), whose major drawback is the lack of results comparability due to differences in selectivity and/or calibration. This underlines the importance of establishing a traceability chain for total tau (t-tau) measurements. The objective of this work is to develop a higher order candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the absolute quantification of t-tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Methods

To calibrate the candidate RMP and establish metrological traceability to the SI units, a primary calibrator consisting in a highly purified recombinant protein was sourced. Its purity was evaluated by liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and the protein mass fraction in solution was certified by amino acid analysis (AAA). An isotopically-labelled homologue was obtained to develop a candidate RMP by isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) for t-tau absolute quantification in CSF. Calibration blends and quality control (QC) materials were gravimetrically prepared and subjected to the same preparation workflow as CSF samples, followed by LC-HRMS analysis in Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) mode.

Results

A primary calibrator has been developed and an IDMS candidate RMP has been validated for CSF t-tau. The candidate RMP was used to certify t-tau concentration in three pools of CSF (low, medium, high).

Conclusions

The candidate RMP will pave the road towards global standardization of CSF t-tau measurements. Together with commutable Certified Reference Materials (CRMs), it will allow evaluating and improving the accuracy and comparability of results provided by IAs.
Maximally nonlinear functions over finite fields
Authors: Ryabov Vladimir G.
Published: February 2023

An n-place function over a field

F

q

$ \mathbf {F}_q $

with q elements is called maximally nonlinear if it has the largest nonlinearity among all q-valued n-place functions. We show that, for even n=2, a function is maximally nonlinear if and only if its nonlinearity is

q

n
−
1

(
q
−
1
)
−

q

n
2

−
1

$ q^{n-1}(q - 1) - q^{\frac n2-1} $

; for n=1, the corresponding criterion for maximal nonlinearity is q − 2. For

q
>
2

$ q \gt 2 $

and even n=2, we describe the set of all maximally nonlinear quadratic functions and find its cardinality. In this case, all maximally nonlinear quadratic functions are quadratic bent functions and their number is smaller than the halved number of the bent functions.
Ökumenischer Lagebericht 2022: Anglikanismus
Authors: Haar Miriam
Published: February 2023

Im englischen Canterbury fand Ende Juli/Anfang August 2022 die 15. Lambeth-Konferenz der Anglikanischen Gemeinschaft statt. Der Artikel berichtet über diese Versammlung anglikanischer/episkopaler Bischöf:innen. Zudem werden der Umgang mit dem strittigen Thema Homosexualität sowie die Ökumene auf der Lambeth-Konferenz beleuchtet. Der Lagebericht endet mit einem Ausblick auf die künftigen Schwerpunkte der Anglikanischen Gemeinschaft.
The fate of probiotic species applied in intensive grow-out ponds in rearing water and intestinal tracts of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Amin Muhamad , Pramujisunu Yoga , Lamid Mirni , Cahyoko Yudi , Odeyemi Olumide A. , Ali Muhamad , Nurhayati Awik P. D.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Probiotics have been commonly practiced in commercial shrimp farms to increase pond production. However, these possibilities were based on the results of in vitro studies or laboratory in vivo trials. While studies on probiotic applications in commercial-scale farms are still rarely investigated, this study addresses the fate of probiotic species in ponds and the intestinal tract of white shrimps reared in an intensive aquaculture system.

Material and methods

Four commercial probiotic species (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas putida) were applied to the commercial shrimp ponds (@800 m2 area of high-density polyethene ponds) in the morning at a dose of 5 ppm once every 2 days in the first month, and once a week from second month onward. Then, the presence of the probiotic species was traced by collecting the rearing water and shrimp’s intestines on day 47 of culture to monitor their composition and abundance using high-throughput sequencing.

Results

None of the commercial probiotic species could be detected from both rearing water and shrimp intestinal tracts. These results suggest that the probiotic species had low viability and adaptability in the rearing pond as well as the shrimp intestines when applied on commercial-scale farms. These facts may explain the high variation in the yield among shrimp ponds in spite of having similar treatments.

Conclusion

Probiotic strains had low viability and adaptability in commercial farms. Thus, methods and strategies in probiotic application to commercial-scale shrimp farms should be evaluated and further developed to increase probiotic efficacy.
Gêneros não-binários etnohistóricos
Authors: Donizetti Ferreira Simionato Gabriel
Published: February 2023

Este artigo busca entender a binariedade de gênero como uma invenção e imposição da colonialidade. Para tanto, reflete-se sobre um caso etnohistórico de variação não-binária de gênero: o caso do gênero muxe entre os zapotecas, no México, percebendo como uma sociedade com um gênero não-binário se relaciona com a cis-heteronormatividade, o patriarcado e a colonialidade. Justifica-se pelos poucos trabalhos acadêmicos sobre a não-binariedade de gênero (ainda mais sobre as muxes) e a necessidade de pensá-la enquanto construção social, cultural e histórica. Desse modo, o conceito de gênero, de acordo com Butler, Lugones e Segato, é fundamental para a análise. Assim, percebe-se como a colonialidade define de forma binária, dicotômica e hierárquica noções de gênero e as impõe como realidade natural, biológica e universal.