bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF GOVERNMENT COLLEGES OF HYDERABAD-PAKISTAN
Authors: Shah Syed Nadeem Juman
Published: April 2020

This study explored the “Training and development impact on employee's performance: a case study of government colleges”. The main aim of the study was to find out the government colleges training and development programs in Hyderabad, Pakistan.110 samples were used through primary data collection from senior-staff of colleges. Self administered questionnaires were used and all collected data were analyzed through SPSS 23v software with help of demographical and descriptive information. This research is relevant to organizational issues, which shows lack of management's supports to trainings and developments programs. Results provide significant and positive impact on employee's performance through trainings and developments in the government colleges of Hyderabad, Pakistan. This research recommends the colleges of government's orders into doing well. Government's college of Hyderabad-Pakistan, all Organizational Headd departments were engaged there in training and development. These trainings and development built employee's strengthen and potential of employee's competency.
Et3N-DMSO Supported One-pot Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent β-Carboline Linked Benzothiophenones via Sulphur Insertion and Estimation of Their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Singh Dharmender , Kumar Vipin , Singh Virender
Published: April 2020

A robust transition metal-free strategy is presented to access novel β-carboline tethered benzothiophenone derivatives from 1(3)-formyl-β-carbolines using elemental sulphur activated by Et3N/DMSO. This expeditious catalyst-free reaction proceeds through the formation of β-carboline based 2-nitrochalcones followed by incorporation of sulphur to generate the multifunctional β-carboline linked benzothiophenones in good to excellent yields. The synthetic strategy can also be extended towards the synthesis of β-carboline linked benzothiophenes. Moreover, the products as afforded thereof emerged as promising fluorophores and displayed excellent light-emitting properties with quantum yield (ΦF) upto 47%.
Characterizing Water Use at Mosques in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Marinshaw Richard J. , Qawasmeh Hazem
Published: April 2020

In areas where Muslims constitute much of the population, mosques can account for a significant portion of overall water consumption. Among the various uses of water at mosques, ablution (i.e., ritual cleansing) is generally assumed to be the largest, by far. As part of an initiative to reduce water consumption at mosques in Abu Dhabi, we collected data on ablution and other end uses for water from hundreds of mosques in and around Abu Dhabi City. This paper takes a closer look at how water is used at mosques in Abu Dhabi and presents a set of water use profiles that provide a breakdown of mosque water consumption by end use. The results of this research indicate that cleaning the mosque (primarily the floors) and some of the other non-ablution end uses at mosques can account for a significant portion of the total water consumption and significantly more than was anticipated or has been found in other countries.
A NEW SPECIES OF MALDIVEA GERLACH, 1962 (NEMATODA, OXYSTOMINIDAE) FROM FELIDHOO ATOLL (MALDIVES, INDIAN OCEAN) AND AN EMENDED DIAGNOSIS OF THE SUB-FAMILY AND GENUS
Authors: Semprucci Federica , Balsamo Maria
Published: April 2020

Maldivea Gerlach, 1962 is a possible endemic genus of the Maldivian archipelago for which only M. xarifae Gerlach, 1962 has been described so far. A new species of this genus, M. complexa n.sp., was recently found in Felidhoo atoll. It reveals a more complex structure of gubernaculum than in type species which appears to be divided into two pieces: one is a sort of long wing in the ventral part of the spicule and the other one, more complex, is characterized by several curved stripes which envelop the dorsal side of the spicule distal part. According to the present considerations, diagnoses of Paroxystomininae and Maldivea are emended.
A REVIEW OF BARSINE (LEPIDOPTERA: EREBIDAE: ARCTIINAE: LITHOSIINI) FROM THE EAST NUSA TENGGARA ISLANDS, INDONESIA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS
Authors: Bolotov Ivan N. , Spitsyn Vitaly M. , Kondakov Alexander V. , Tomilova Alena A.
Published: April 2020

The Lepidoptera fauna of the East Nusa Tenggara Islands in Indonesia was thought to comprise two species in the genus Barsine Walker, 1854, i.e. B. dohertyi (Rothschild, 1913) and B. podbolotskayae Spitsyn & Bolotov, 2018. However, we found that B. podbolotskayae is a member of its own monotypic genus, Albarrania Bolotov, Spitsyn & Kondakov gen. nov. The new combination is proposed as follows: Albarrania podbolotskayae (Spitsyn & Bolotov, 2018) gen. & comb. nov.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF COSSINAE (LEPIDOPTERA, COSSIDAE) FROM ARABIAN PENINSULA
Authors: Yakovlev Roman V.
Published: April 2020

The article gives description of two species of Carpenter-Moths (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) new to science, Brachylia fibigeri sp. nov. from Yemen (Sana’a Province) and Mirocossus pittawayi sp. n. from Saudi Arabia (Asir Province). Both new species belong to the genera new to the fauna of the Arabian Peninsula, previously indicated only in Africa.
TO THE PTEROPHORIDAE FAUNA (LEPIDOPTERA, PTEROPHORIDAE) OF MYANMAR (BURMA)
Authors: Ustjuzhanin Peter , Kovtunovich Vasiliy , Streltzov Alexander
Published: April 2020

The article gives a faunistic review of the Pterophoridae fauna in Myanmar. The type habitats and world distribution (with new data) is indicated. The data of the collected specimens are provided. To the 10 already known species we have added 9 previously unknown for the fauna of Myanmar.
Karın Ağrısının Nadir Bir Nedeni: Dalak İnfarktı
Authors: Akdeniz Yonca Senem , AYDIN Yavuz , İKİZCELİ İbrahim , BAVUNOĞLU İşıl
Published: April 2020

Dalak infarktı özellikli bulguları olmayan, klinik şüphe olmadığı sürece tanısı çok zor konulan ve nadir görülen sessiz bir klinik durumdur. Çoğunlukla sebebi tromboemboli veya hematolojik bir hastalıktır.  Genelde cerrahi müdahale gerektirmeden medikal tedavi ile tablo geriler. Literatürde sayılı olgu bildirimleri mevcuttur ve tanı özellikle acil serviste nadiren akla gelip konulabilir. Biz acil servise karın ağrısı şikayeti ile başvuran, atriyal fibrilasyonu olan ve dalak infarktı saptanan olgumuzu literatür taraması eşliğinde tartışmak istedik.
Konjenital Sakrokoksigeal Teratomlu Bir Sotos Sendromu Vakası
Authors: ALAY Mustafa Tarık , KALAYCI YİĞİN Aysel , ÖZDEMİR Filiz , GÜMÜŞ Uğur , OCAK Zeynep , SEVEN Mehmet
Published: April 2020

Sotos sendromu aşırı
büyüme sendromları arasında yer alır. İlk defa Juan Sotos tarafından 1964
yılında tanımlanmıştır. Görülme sıklığı 1:14.000 olarak bildirilmiştir. Hastalığın
major bulguları: İlerlemiş kemik yaşının eşlik ettiği aşırı büyüme, öğrenme
güçlüğü ve kendine özgü fasial dismorfizmdir. Vakaların çoğu sporadik olmakla
birlikte otozomal dominant olarak kalıtılan olgular da rapor edilmiştir.
Hastalıkla ilişkilendirilen NSD1 geni
5. Kromozomun q35 bölgesine lokalize olmuştur. Tümör, hipermetropi, strabismus
ve hipoglisemik atak gibi bulguların görülme olasılığı oldukça düşüktür. Buna
rağmen, bütün hastaların teratom ve nöroblastom gibi tümörler açısından
izlenilmesi önerilmektedir. Bu makalede merkezimizde Sotos sendromu tanısı
konulan ve nadir görülen Sakrokoksigeal teratomla seyreden  bir olgu sunulacaktır.
Memahami Konsep Menyangkal Diri, Memikul Salib dan Mengikut Yesus: Sebuah Analisis Biblikal Lukas 9:23-26
Authors: Yonathan Danny
Published: April 2020

From every generation, believers receive instruction that aims to strengthen faith and educate believers to become militant disciples of Christ, and have readiness to serve God in accordance with the true concept of Christian thought. Thus believers must dare to deny themselves, and carry the cross every day and follow Jesus Christ who is the Lord and Savior. This article had purpose to give the understanding biblically the concept of self-denying, carrying cross and following Jesus according to the text of Luke 9:23-26. AbstrakDari setiap generasi, orang percaya menerima pengajaran yang bertujuan untuk meneguhkan iman serta mendidik  orang-orang percaya untuk menjadi murid Kristus yang militan, serta memiliki kesiapan untuk melayani Tuhan sesuai dengan konsep pemikiran Kristen yang benar. Orang percaya harus mau menyangkal diri, dan memikul salib setiap hari serta mengikut Yesus Kristus yang adalah Tuhan dan Juruselamat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman secara biblikal konsep menyangkal diri, memikul salib dan mengikut Yesus sesuai dengan teks pada Lukas 9:23-26.
Potret Pemimpin Kristen Sebagai Sumber Daya Manusia Unggul Menurut Kitab Titus
Authors: Iksantoro Iksantoro
Published: April 2020

Theological Seminary as an Indonesian Christian Religious Higher Education Institution has the task of preparing Excellent Christian Leaders, so they can compete on the global stage. The Titus letter is one of the books that offers a image of a Excellent Christian Leader. Understanding and making such Christian leaders can help the government's vision of preparing Excellent Human Resources. The image of a Excellent Christian Leader according to Titus must have certain qualifications are family qualifications (Tit. 1: 6), personality qualifications (Tit. 1: 7), social qualifications (Tit. 1: 8), spiritual qualifications (Tit. 1: 8, 9) and professional qualifications (Tit. 1: 9, 13; 2: 1). AbstrakSekolah Tinggi Teologi sebagai Lembaga Pendidikan Tinggi Keagamaan Kristen Indonesia mengemban tugas untuk mempersiapkan para pemimpin Kristen yang unggul, sehingga dapat bersaing di kancah global. Surat Titus merupakan salah satu kitab yang menyodorkan potret Pemimpin Kristen yang unggul. Dengan memahami dan mencetak pemimpin Kristen yang demikian, dapat menolong visi pemerintah menyiapkan Sumber Daya Manusia Unggul. Potret pemimpin Kristen yang unggul menurut Titus harus memiliki kualifikasi tertentu, yaitu kualifikasi keluarga (Tit. 1:6), kualifikasi kepribadian (Tit. 1:7), kualifikasi sosial (Tit. 1:8), kualifikasi spiritual (Tit. 1:8, 9) dan kualifikasi professional (Tit. 1:9, 13; 2:1).
Aplikasi Prinsip Mazmur 2:11-12 dalam Peribadahan Kristen
Authors: Prabowo Wisnu
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Worship and service are things that are very well known to Christians. In conducting worship and service there are several things that should be used as a basis for guidance. In Psalm 2: 11-12, written instructions for Christians in worship. This article examines the meaning of the sentence in Psalm 2: 11-12, which is, "Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice with trembling. Kiss the Son, lest he be angry. And ye perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little. Blessed are all they that put their trust in him. " This study is a qualitative study using descriptive methods of literature and text analysis. The study results obtained are: First, worship must be performed with an attitude of fear and respect for the holiness and glory of God. Worship must also be performed with joy, but the attitude of that joy must also be done with fear and respect for the holiness and glory of God. Second, happiness will be found for every Christian who takes refuge in God. Christians take refuge in God as proof that they believe and surrender completely to God.Abstrak: Ibadah dan melayani adalah hal yang sangat dikenal oleh orang Kristen. Di dalam melakukan ibadah dan pelayanan tersebut ada beberapa hal yang harus dijadikan dasar panduan. Di dalam Mazmur 2:11-12, tertulis tentang petunjuk bagi orang Kristen di dalam melakukan ibadah. Artikel ini mengkaji arti dari kalimat yang ada di dalam Mazmur 2:11-12 tersebut yaitu, “Beribadahlah kepada Tuhan dengan takut dan ciumlah kaki-Nya dengan gemetar, supaya Ia jangan murka dan kamu binasa di jalan, sebab mudah sekali murka-Nya menyala. Berbahagialah semua orang yang berlindung pada-Nya!”. Kajian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode deskriptif literatur dan analisis teks. Hasil kajian yang diperoleh adalah: Pertama,  ibadah harus dilakukan dengan sikap takut dan hormat akan kekudusan dan kemuliaan Tuhan. Ibadah juga harus dilakukan dengan sukacita, tetapi sikap sukacita itupun harus dilakukan dengan rasa takut dan hormat akan kekudusan dan kemuliaan Tuhan. Kedua, kebahagiaan akan di dapatkan bagi setiap orang Kristen yang berlindung kepada Tuhan. Orang Kristen berlindung kepada Tuhan sebagai bukti bahwa mereka percaya dan berserah sepenuhnya kepada Tuhan.
Privatisation of NHS:
Authors: Krishna Shipra Singh
Published: April 2020

Is the Health Service on sale? The recent anxieties around Brexit and politicising of the NHS is not new. But, does it tell us the true story about how we can genuinely deliver healthcare service that is free for all at the point of access? With a budgetary spend of nearly 30% and ever increasing life expectancy, we will continue to face the challenge of funding health service as it exists today and for coming generations.1
The Right Stuff for Early Intervention in Psychosis: Time, Attitude, Place, Intensity, Treatment, & Cost
Authors: Hamilton Wilson Jane E. , Hobbs Heather , Archie Suzanne
Published: April 2020

This article shares information about an exciting new approach in psychiatry. During the past 12 years, the authors have worked with young people experiencing their first episode of psychosis. It is clear that intervention at the earliest stages of psychotic illness allows clinicians to make a significant difference in the lives of young people and their families. This article summarizes current intervention strategies, which are considered best practice guidelines for early treatment.
Sicurezza e bioetica ai tempi del Covid-19
Authors: Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: April 2020

Non disponibile
Timely delivery of laboratory efficiency information, Part II: Assessing the impact of a turn-around time dashboard at a high-volume laboratory
Authors: Cassim Naseem , Coetzee Lindi M. , Tepper Manfred E. , Perelson Louella , Glencross Deborah K.
Published: April 2020

Background: In South Africa’s National Health Laboratory Service, ad hoc mean turn-around time (TAT) reporting is an important indicator of performance. However, historic static TAT reporting did not assess very long or very short times. An interactive TAT dashboard was developed using the following TAT measures; (1) median, (2) 75th percentile and (3) percentage of within cut-off TAT to allow for improved differentiation of TAT performance.Objectives: The objective of our study was to demonstrate increased efficiency achieved by using an interactive TAT dashboard.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study design was used. Creatinine TAT outcomes were reported over 122 weeks from a high-volume laboratory in Gauteng, South Africa. The percentage of within cut-off and 75th percentile TAT were analysed and reported using Microsoft Excel. A focus group session was used to populate a cause and effect diagram.Results: The percentage of within cut-off TAT increased from 10% in week 4 to 90% and higher from week 81. The 75th percentile decreased from 10 hours in week 4 to under 5 h from week 71. Component TAT analysis revealed that the 75th percentile testing was 5 h or longer for weeks 4, 5 and 48. The 75th percentile review TAT ranged from 1 h to 15 h. From week 41, the review TAT was under 1 h.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the use of an interactive TAT dashboard coupled with good management can dramatically improve TAT and efficiency in a high-volume laboratory.
An Examination of the Impact of Participation in a Conversation Group for Individuals with a Closed Head Injury
Authors: Goldblum Glenn , Mulder Marna , Von Gruenewaldt Alexandra
Published: April 2020

This study describes the impact of participation in a conversational group for individuals with chronic closed head injury in the Department of Communication Pathology at the University of Pretoria over the period 1995-2000. The information was obtained through a combination of clinical observations by the writers; the examination of data from Pragmatic measures; and a Quality of Life Scale that was compiled and administered (to both the subjects and their significant others) examining the perceived effects of group therapy over time. The results showed that despite the plateauing of pragmatic competence over time, the impact of group therapy appeared to reveal itself in perceived improvements in social-communicative competence and quality of life by the subjects. Recommendation and suggestions were made for the refinement of the QOL Scale to more reliably measure the subjective perceptions of group members regarding the perceived value of group therapy. In addition to addressing future implications to move the conversation group forward, the results of the current study lead the authors to advocate the establishment of conversation groups for individuals with CHI who are suitable candidates.
A Transdisciplinary Conceptual Framework for the Early Identification of Risks for Communication Disorders in Young Children
Authors: Kritzinger Alta , Louw Brenda , Rossettil Louis M.
Published: April 2020

The early identification of infants with communication disorders or at risk for communication delays is still one of the biggest challenges of early communication intervention (ECI) and threatens to compromise its efficacy. Current approaches to the early identification of young children at risk for communication disorders involve strategies aimed at the identification of general developmental delays and may not be sufficiently sensitive and specific enough to detect the early stages of communication disorders. The risks for mortality and health are often identified early in life, but the concomitant risks for communication disorders in the same young children are frequently not identified at that opportune time. The current study involved a descriptive survey, describing the identification of communication disorders in 153  subjects, whose data was stored in and retrieved from a customized ECI database system. The findings revealed that the subjects were assessed at the average age of 18 months, but that identifications of risk conditions occurred prenatally, at birth, after the perinatal period and later in life. The time of identification related to the different communication disorders identified in the subjects and caregivers played a major role in detecting the first signs of communication disorders in their children. In order to provide a guideline for clinical practice, a transdisciplinary conceptual framework towards a coordinated effort for the early identification of risks for communication disorders in young children is proposed.
Psychometric evaluation of the Polish version of the Support in Intimate Relationships Rating Scale – Revised (SIRRS-R)
Authors: Ilska Michalina , Przybyła-Basista Hanna
Published: April 2020

Background

Researchers are interested in studies on the importance of partner support for both the well-being of the individual in various life contexts and the marital satisfaction. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Support in Intimate Rela-tionships Rating Scale – Revised (SIRRS-R) developed by Barry, Bunde, Brock, and Lawrence with a Polish sample.

Participants and procedure

The sample consisted of a total of 574 people in close heterosexual relationships, diverse in terms of age, sex, and education. Half of the participants were married and the other half in informal relationships, cohabiting with their partners. The duration of the relationship varied, with the average of 7 years.

Results

The results of the present research indicate satisfactory psychometric properties of the Polish version of the SIRRS-R. Our find-ings confirm the four-factor structure of support received from the partner proposed in the original version of the SIRRS-R. The questionnaire consists of four subscales: emotional and esteem support, informational support, physical comfort, and instrumen-tal or tangible support. The Cronbach’s α reliability for the whole scale is .94 (for the subscales it ranged from .85 to .92).

Conclusions

The Polish version of the SIRRS-R is a valid and reliable questionnaire suitable for use in research on the importance of partner support for physical and mental health of individuals in many contexts of life associated with stress, and for identifying factors contributing to marital satisfaction.
Autistic traits, adolescence, and anti-social peer pressure
Authors: Verrier Diarmuid , Halton Sabrina , Robinson Matthew
Published: April 2020

Background

The potential role of autism as a moderator of conformity has recently been investigated by a small number of studies. However, as yet, no consensus has emerged as to whether autism or autistic traits can moderate the degree to which people attend to and are influenced by social pressure, nor whether there are specific circum-stances under which this might occur. The current study adds to this ambiguous literature by looking at whether autism and autistic traits are associated with conformity in the context of adolescent peer pressure.

Participants and procedure

A sample of 12-16 year old students completed questionnaire measures of peer conformity (e.g., in relation to smoking, skipping school, etc.), resistance to peer influence, and autistic traits. Approximately half had an au-tism-related diagnosis, and none had an intellectual impairment.

Results

Controlling for age, gender, and academic ability, we found that degree of autistic traits was associated with reduced peer conformity, while a diagnosis of autism was not. In contrast, neither autism nor autistic traits were related to resistance to peer influence.

Conclusions

These results are contextualised in terms of past research and positioned within a broader model of individual differences and conformity in which autistic traits moderate the degree to which a person perceives peer influ-ence, while resistance to peer influence moderates the degree to which one conforms to peer influence. Possi-ble future avenues of inquiry are suggested.
Social support and quality of life in Greek women with breast cancer during chemotherapy and two years later
Authors: Goula Iliana , Alikari Victoria , Charalampous Georgios , Tzavella Foteini , Zyga Sofia , Tsironi Maria , Theofilou Paraskevi
Published: April 2020

Background

Social support in women with breast cancer is associated with quality of life (QoL) and it appears to be vital for treating breast cancer and adaptation to disease. Social support seems to decrease quantitatively and over time while significant improvement in the patients’ long-term emotional and physical function is observed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the differences in levels of social support and QoL in two independent groups of patients: women with breast cancer (i) during chemotherapy and (ii) two years after the chemotherapy.

Participants and procedure

In this cross-sectional study 74 women with breast cancer “during chemotherapy” (n = 41) and “two years after chemotherapy” (n = 33) completed the Greek version of Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Greek version of the Missoula-VITAS Quality of Life Index (MVQoLI-15) to measure social support and QoL respectively. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 25 with significance set at p < .05.

Results

The group “two years after chemotherapy” reported better QoL than the “during chemotherapy” group. There was no difference in perceived social support between the two groups. The higher the patients’ age, the lower the QoL for the “during chemotherapy” group and the higher the social support for the “two years after chemo-therapy” group.

Conclusions

QoL improves over time, emphasizing the ability of women to manage difficult situations. Social support re-mains important in both periods.
Altered intrinsic brain activity and regional cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic neck and shoulder pain
Authors: Yue Xi , Du Yong
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To identify the changes of intrinsic brain activity and regional cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic neck and shoulder pain (CNSP) by using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) analysis and arterial spin labelling study.

Material and methods

In total, 28 CNSP patients and 25 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) partici­pated in the study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI were acquired. Correlations between ALFF and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were analysed. Subsequently, the differences in ALFF and CBF were compared in the two groups. Finally, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was also assessed in the CNSP group.

Results

Compared with HCs, CNSP patients showed significantly abnormal ALFF and CBF in several brain regions, including the cerebellum posterior lobe, middle orbitofrontal gyrus, medial superior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, precuneus, cingulate gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, and superior parietal gyrus. Correlation analysis showed that the ALFF value of the medial superior frontal gyrus posi­tively correlated with the VAS score. However, no correlation was found between the CBF values and the VAS score.

Conclusions

The altered ALFF and CBF values in CNSP patients were observed in different pain-related brain regions that were involved in pain modulation and perception. The combination of rs-fMRI and ASL MRI might provide complementary information for increasing our understanding of the neuropathology in CNSP.
Forcing mechanisms of the migrating quarterdiurnal tide
Authors: Geißler Christoph , Jacobi Christoph , Lilienthal Friederike
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We used a nonlinear mechanistic global circulation model to analyze the migrating quarterdiurnal tide (QDT) in the middle atmosphere with focus on its possible forcing mechanisms: the absorption of solar radiation by ozone and water vapor, nonlinear tidal interactions, and gravity wave–tide interactions. We show a climatology of the QDT amplitudes, and we examine the contribution of the different forcing mechanisms to the QDT amplitude. To this end, we first extracted the QDT from the model tendency terms and then removed the respective QDT contribution from the different tendency terms. We find that the solar forcing mechanism is the most important one for the QDT; however, the nonlinear and gravity wave forcing mechanisms also play a role in autumn and winter, particularly at lower and middle latitudes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Furthermore, destructive interference between the individual forcing mechanisms is observed. Therefore, tidal amplitudes become even larger in simulations with the nonlinear or gravity wave forcing mechanisms removed.
Soil greenhouse gas emissions under different land-use types in savanna ecosystems of Kenya
Authors: Wachiye Sheila , Merbold Lutz , Vesala Timo , Rinne Janne , Räsänen Matti , Leitner Sonja , Pellikka Petri
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Field measurement data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are still scarce
for many land-use types in Africa, causing a high level of uncertainty in GHG
budgets. To address this gap, we present in situ measurements of carbon dioxide
(CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) emissions from
the lowlands of southern Kenya. We conducted eight chamber measurement
campaigns on gas exchange from four dominant land-use types (LUTs) comprising
(1) cropland, (2) bushland, (3) grazing land, and (4) conservation land
between 29 November 2017 and 3 November 2018, accounting for regional
seasonality (wet and dry seasons and transitions periods). Mean CO2
emissions for the whole observation period were the highest by a significant margin
(p value < 0.05) in the conservation land (75±6 mg CO2-C m−2 h−1) compared to the three other
sites, which ranged from 45±4 mg CO2-C m−2 h−1 (bushland) to 50±5 mg CO2-C m−2 h−1 (grazing land). Furthermore,
CO2 emissions varied between seasons, with significantly higher
emissions in the wet season than the dry season. Mean N2O emissions
were highest in cropland (2.7±0.6 µg N2O-N m−2 h−1) and lowest in bushland (1.2±0.4  µg N2O-N m−2 h−1) but did not vary with
season. In fact, N2O emissions were very low both in the wet and dry
seasons, with slightly elevated values during the early days of the wet
seasons in all LUTs. On the other hand, CH4 emissions did not show any
significant differences across LUTs and seasons. Most CH4 fluxes were
below the limit of detection (LOD, ±0.03 mg CH4-C m−2 h−1). We attributed the difference
in soil CO2 emissions between the four sites to soil C content, which
differed between the sites and was highest in the conservation land. In
addition, CO2 and N2O emissions positively correlated with soil
moisture, thus an increase in soil moisture led to an increase in emissions.
Furthermore, vegetation cover explained the seasonal variation in soil
CO2 emissions as depicted by a strong positive correlation between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)
and CO2 emissions, most likely because, with more green (active)
vegetation cover, higher CO2 emissions occur due to enhanced root
respiration compared to drier periods. Soil temperature did not show a clear
correlation with either CO2 or N2O emissions, which is likely due
to the low variability in soil temperature between seasons and sites. Based
on our results, soil C, active vegetation cover, and soil moisture are key
drivers of soil GHG emissions in all the tested LUTs in southern Kenya. Our
results are within the range of previous GHG flux measurements from soils
from various LUTs in other parts of Kenya and contribute to more accurate
baseline GHG emission estimates from Africa, which are key to reducing
uncertainties in global GHG budgets as well as for informing policymakers
when discussing low-emission development strategies.
An updated seabed bathymetry beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Brisbourne Alex , Kulessa Bernd , Hudson Thomas , Harrison Lianne , Holland Paul , Luckman Adrian , Bevan Suzanne , Ashmore David , Hubbard Bryn , Pearce Emma , White James , Booth Adam , Nicholls Keith , Smith Andrew
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In recent decades, rapid ice shelf disintegration along
the Antarctic Peninsula has had a global impact through enhancing
outlet glacier flow and hence sea level rise and the freshening of
Antarctic Bottom Water. Ice shelf thinning due to basal melting results from
the circulation of relatively warm water in the underlying ocean cavity.
However, the effect of sub-shelf circulation on future ice shelf stability
cannot be predicted accurately with computer simulations if the geometry of
the ice shelf cavity is unknown. To address this deficit for Larsen C Ice
Shelf, West Antarctica, we integrate new water column thickness measurements
from recent seismic campaigns with existing observations. We present these
new data here along with an updated bathymetry grid of the ocean cavity. Key
findings include a relatively deep seabed to the southeast of the Kenyon
Peninsula, along the grounding line and around the key ice shelf
pinning-point of Bawden Ice Rise. In addition, we can confirm that the
cavity's southern trough stretches from Mobiloil Inlet to the open ocean.
These areas of deep seabed will influence ocean circulation and tidal
mixing and will therefore affect the basal-melt distribution. These results
will help constrain models of ice shelf cavity circulation with the aim of
improving our understanding of sub-shelf processes and their potential
influence on ice shelf stability. The datasets are comprised of all the new point measurements of seabed depth. We
present the new depth measurements here, as well as a compilation of
previously published measurements. To demonstrate the improvements to the
sub-shelf bathymetry map that these new data provide we include a gridded
data product in the Supplement of this paper, derived using
the additional measurements of both offshore seabed depth and the thickness
of grounded ice. The underlying seismic datasets that were used to
determine bed depth and ice thickness are available at
https://doi.org/10.5285/315740B1-A7B9-4CF0-9521-86F046E33E9A
(Brisbourne et al., 2019), https://doi.org/10.5285/5D63777D-B375-4791-918F-9A5527093298 (Booth,
2019), https://doi.org/10.5285/FFF8AFEE-4978-495E-9210-120872983A8D
(Kulessa and Bevan, 2019) and https://doi.org/10.5285/147BAF64-B9AF-4A97-8091-26AEC0D3C0BB
(Booth et al., 2019).
Comparative analysis of atmospheric radiative transfer models using the Atmospheric Look-up table Generator (ALG) toolbox (version 2.0)
Authors: Vicent Jorge , Verrelst Jochem , Sabater Neus , Alonso Luis , Rivera-Caicedo Juan Pablo , Martino Luca , Muñoz-Marí Jordi , Moreno José
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric radiative transfer models (RTMs) are software tools that help researchers in understanding the radiative processes occurring in the Earth's atmosphere. Given their importance in remote sensing applications, the intercomparison of atmospheric RTMs is therefore one of the main tasks used to evaluate model performance and identify the characteristics that differ between models. This can be a tedious tasks that requires good knowledge of the model inputs/outputs and the generation of large databases of consistent simulations.
With the evolution of these software tools, their increase in complexity bears implications for their use in practical applications and model intercomparison.
Existing RTM-specific graphical user interfaces are not optimized for performing intercomparison studies of a wide variety of atmospheric RTMs.
In this paper, we present the Atmospheric Look-up table Generator (ALG) version 2.0, a new software tool that facilitates generating large databases for a variety of atmospheric RTMs. ALG facilitates consistent and intuitive user interaction to enable the running of model executions and storing of RTM data for any spectral configuration in the optical domain.
We demonstrate the utility of ALG in performing intercomparison studies of radiance simulations from broadly used atmospheric RTMs (6SV, MODTRAN, and libRadtran) through global sensitivity analysis.
We expect that providing ALG to the research community will facilitate the usage of atmospheric RTMs to a wide range of applications in Earth observation.
Dynamic modal analysis of double-sided meshing nutation drive with double circular arc spiral bevel gears
Authors: Lin Zheng , Yao Ligang , Xie Zhiyu
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In order to reduce the vibration of the double-sided
meshing nutation drive with double circular arc spiral bevel gears, the
dynamic modal of the nutation system is analyzed. The
bending-torsional-axial coupling nonlinear dynamic model of the double-sided
meshing nutation drive system with time-varying meshing stiffness, meshing
damping, transmission error and tooth backlash is established, and the
equation of motion of the system is derived. The natural frequencies and
corresponding modal modes of the nutation system are calculated, and the
effects of the average meshing stiffness of gears and the bearing support
stiffness of nutation gears on the modal of the system are analyzed. The
modal analysis of double circular arc spiral bevel gears is carried out, and
the ten order natural frequencies and their corresponding modes are
obtained. The results show that the nutation drive system and the double
circular arc spiral bevel gears do not resonate during transmission.
Incidental benefits after fecal microbiota transplant for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Mahajan Ramit , Midha Vandana , Singh Arshdeep , Mehta Varun , Gupta Yogesh , Kaur Kirandeep , Sudhakar Ritu , Singh Pannu Anmol , Singh Dharmatma , Sood Ajit
Published: April 2020

Gut dysbiosis can result in several diseases, including infections (Clostridium difficile infection and infectious gastroenteritis), autoimmune diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and allergic disorders), behavioral disorders and other conditions like metabolic syndrome and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Amongst various therapies targeting gut microbiome, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is becoming a focus in the public media and peer reviewed literature. We have been using FMT for induction of remission in patients with moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) and also for subsequent maintenance of remission. Four cases reported incidental benefits while being treated with FMT for UC. These included weight loss (n=1), improvement in hair loss (n=1), amelioration of axial arthritis (n=1) and improvement in allergic rhinitis (n=1), thereby suggesting potential clinical applications of FMT in treating extraintestinal diseases associated with gut dysbiosis.
Using Personas as a Tool for Teaching Civic Communication
Authors: Rank Allison D. , Mushtare Rebecca
Published: April 2020

Questions of how to support students in conversation across and about different perspectives regularly appear in discussions about civic engagement. Students with clear political positions and a desire to engage with political institutions, however, are themselves a rarified group on many campuses. The gulf between students who seek to engage their peers in civic action and those who see establishment politics as irrelevant, alienating, or hopeless may be more significant than any partisan divides. Thus, a liberal arts program committed to voter mobilization should help engaged, active students think carefully about the audience for their efforts and how best to communicate with those whose perspective of political participation varies significantly from their own. This article argues that personas, a tool common in design, can be incorporated into civic engagement programs to help students with a strong civic identity understand how to bridge this divide. This article discusses the importance of helping students communicate across the division of interest and apathy, the role of personas as a tool in design, and our experience using personas to help students develop and implement a nonpartisan voter mobilization drive. It closes with tips for those interested in using personas in their civic engagement projects.
The Attribution of Limited Legal Personality to Nonhuman Species
Authors: Platvoet Veerle
Published: April 2020

This article offers a contribution to the debate on rapid biodiversity loss. This loss is a problem for ecosystems and thus for the human race, and our legal system should be equipped to protect biodiversity. This article suggests a solution in the form of the attribution of limited legal personality to nonhuman species. The concept of legal personality has been altered many times throughout history to stay in line with prevalent ideas. By acknowledging nonhuman species as possessing limited legal personality, the concept will be altered once more to benefit both animals and ourselves. This change will have to come from bottom-up, through attribution by domestic courts. Domestic courts can be inspired by international biodiversity conventions while assessing domestic legislation. Animal welfare nongovernmental organizations are best equipped to appear as guardians of animal species, as animals are not able to defend their own rights in court. When the attribution is a general principle as recognized by civilized nations, it will become a source of international law.
Making Veterinary Ethics More Ethical
Authors: Rossi John
Published: April 2020

Andrew and Clair Linzey’s Animal Ethics for Veterinarians collects numerous recent articles in the Journal of Animal Ethics. It offers readers a diverse set of chapters covering key issues relating to veterinary ethics: animal agriculture, animal research, veterinary oaths, complementary and alternative medicine, animal cruelty, and more. This review article discusses the book’s themes within the larger context of veterinary medicine and veterinary ethics. Compared to existing works in veterinary ethics, the book is less focused on clinical and professional issues and more focused on the ways in which veterinary medicine intersects with fundamental topics in animal ethics. Its contributors challenge veterinarians to rethink traditional stances on the moral status of nonhuman animals and the ethical defensibility of numerous practices with which veterinarians are commonly involved. As the profession has historically been conservative on animal welfare issues, the book is a welcome addition to the literature.
Theorising Intercontinental PHD Students’ Experiences: The Case of Students from Africa, and Asia
Authors: Fomunyam Kehdinga George
Published: April 2020

The doctorate degree ranks third on the academic hierarchy, and is commonly viewed as an approval on a student by an institution, to conduct original research in at least one academic discipline. Several motivations drive the need to acquire a doctorate degree, and they include intrinsic interest, employment considerations, personal, and professional development. To achieve this feat, some students pursue their PhD abroad for several reasons as discovered by this study. Using a quantitative approach, this paper reports on the findings of an online survey distributed to 1901 Asian and African students pursing their PhD to investigate their experiences, and determine their satisfaction, and its relationship with their personal and professional growth. Findings reveal that most students were satisfied with their decision to pursue a PhD in another continent, but were dissatisfied with some properties that made up the process. This included their relationship with their supervisors, their study-work-life balance, and its effects on their mental health. As you are reporting on a study that has already happened, write in past tense.
The Histological Subtypes of Breast Cancer Seen in a Tertiary Hospital in South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuma Uzoigwe J. , Arinze Nzegwu M. , Thaddeus Onyishi N. , Kenneth Ekwedigwe C. , Felix Edegbe O. , Chudi Okani O. , Leonard Ajah O. , Paul Ekwedigwe I.
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a disease with heterogeneous nature that may have different prognosis and respond to therapy differently despite similarities in histological type, grade and stage. It is common among women in both developed and developing countries of the world. 

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a 2-year retrospective study involving a systematic analysis of all the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks previously diagnosed as breast cancers. The study occurred at the Department of Morbid Anatomy, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. We retrieved all the archived tissue blocks and subjected them to further ancillary testing using the immunohistochemistry monoclonal antibodies: (Oestrogen receptors (ER), Progesterone receptors (PR) and Her-2 neu antibodies).

RESULTS: Out of 417 cases of breast cancer analysed, four hundred and Ten (410) were females representing 98.3%, seven (7) were males representing 1.7%. The mean age of all subjects in this study was 45.1±10.2 SD (years). The age of patients ranged from20 to 70 years. The age group 31 to 40 years showed the highest number of cases, 133 (32.4%). The cases positive for ER were 157 (37.6%), while 260 (62.4%) were negative. The cases positive for PR were 144 (34.5%) and 273 (65.5%) were negative. Fifty-four cases (12.9%) were HER2-neu positive, 15 (3.6%) were equivocal and could not be further analysed due to lack of the facility to do Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation, and 348 (83.5%) were HER-neu negative. Phenotypic classification based on ER, PR, and Her2 immunohistochemistry showed 113 cases (27.1%) were Luminal A, 45 cases (10.8%) were Luminal B, 23 cases (5.5%) were Her2 Enriched, 236 cases (56.6%) were Basal-like/Triple-negative, and none (0%) was Normal-like.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study shows that Basal-like/Triple-negative breast cancers are most common and are seen more in premenopausal women in Enugu.
Role of University Principals’ Leadership Strategies on Teachers’ and Management Performance: Mediating Role of Support and Rewards in Australia and Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Urooj , Zhang Junchao , Khan Daniyal
Published: April 2020

Leadership strategies of principals in educational institutes is considered an important factor in order to increase support and rewards. Universities in Pakistan suffer from the problems of low support and rewards, due to which most of the teachers and management staff members remain dissatisfied with their principals. This study investigated whether transformational or transactional leadership is better for providing support and rewards to teachers and management staff, along with evaluation of principles’ leadership qualities. For that, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was utilised to assess the performance of principals by investigating 75 management and 75 teachers of 3 universities of Pakistan. Critical review approach was used for comparison between Pakistan and Australia. It was found that transformational leadership is much better as compared to transactional leadership, because it improves interaction and support, as observed in Australia. However, teachers and management staff members in Pakistan reported dissatisfaction, when asked about leadership role of their principals. They said that their principals never motivate them, support them nor reward them in contrast to leadership approaches in Australia.
Exploring Perceptions of Education Experts Regarding “Creative School” and Its Leadership Role in Public Education
Authors: Abu Naser Fathi Mohammed
Published: April 2020

Creative school is an integrative system that secures a school environment that encourages creativity and inventiveness. It also highly depends on modern technology in all its educational and administration processes, in addition to means of communication with students and parents. The current study aims at exploring the perceptions of education experts regarding the concept of creative school and requirements of its leadership. The study adopted the qualitative method in which a sample of 21 experts were selected from those concerned with the field of study; 13 of them were staff members in Saudi Universities and 8 leaders of Saudi public schools throughout the academic year 2018–2019.

The findings revealed that the creative school carried several names: intelligent school, creativity-developing school, and active teaching school. All experts agree that such schools secure a propitious environment for creativity and inventiveness and provide various advanced skills and programs subjected to balanced international criteria, which are conscious of international awareness with global issues, and environment programs. The findings also revealed that the foremost supports of creative schools are financing and social backup. It also unveiled that there are several abnormal roles for creative school leaders that suit nature and objectives of the school, in addition to requirements for creative school leadership as manifested in openness to organizational flexible structures along with a cooperative leadership that institutes technology. The study specified the foremost challenges facing leaders of the creative school, which is variety of skills needed for school leadership.
Barriers Affecting the Passion and Entrepreneurial Intention of University of the ITSON
Authors: Valdez-Juárez Luis Enrique , García-Pérez de Lema Domingo , Ramos-Escobar Elva Alicia
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyze the internal and external barriers experienced by university students of the Technological Institute of Sonora (ITSON) for the development of entrepreneurship. The study is focused on a sample of 733 students from the areas of engineering, administrative sciences, and social sciences. The field work was carried out during the months of May to September 2018. The controlled statistical technique for data analysis was the structural equation model (SEM) with the support of SMARTPLS software version 3.2.8. The results have revealed that internal creativity barriers are the ones that most negatively impact the entrepreneurial passion of ITSON university students. This research contributes to the development of entrepreneurship literature from the area of psychology and business sciences through planned behavior theory, cognitive theory, and self-determination.