bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinamika Perilaku Ghasab di Pesantren
Authors: Razzaq Bulatanias Muhammad Nuralim
Published: September 2023

Ghasab merupakan perilaku menggunakan barang milik orang lain tanpa izin. Ghasabseringkali terjadi pada lingkungan asrama khususnya di pesantren. Penyebab ghasab terjadi di pesantren karena adanya lingkungan yang tercipta dari budaya menggunakan barang milik orang lain tanpa meminta izin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang menyebabkan santri melakukan ghasab dan proses terjadinya kebiasaan perilaku ghasab dipesantren. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Responden penelitian diperoleh menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan Teknik wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebersamaansantri menghasilkan kedekatan yang membuat mereka cenderung untuk memaafkan dan ikhlas terhadap perilaku sesama santri. Terdapat dua faktor utama penyebab perilaku ghasab di pesantren yakni factor eksternal dan internal. Faktor eksternal terdiri dari pengaruh kakak kelas, pengaruh teman sebaya dan kehilangan barang akibat kondisi lingkungan pesantren. Faktor internal terdiri dari berpikir bahwa orang lain juga melakukan ghasab, malas meminta izin dan merasa tidak ketahuan.
KONSEP ILHAQ AL-MASAIL BI NAZHAIRIHA DAN METODE PENERAPANNYA PADA KASUS KONTEMPORER
Authors: Rifani Riza
Published: September 2023

Seiring berkembangnya zaman permasalahan aktual pun terjadi yang tentu saja harus dicari solusi tentang status hukumnya. Solusinya adalah merujuk kepada teks-teks kitab turast para ulama terdahulu. Namun, kasus baru yang bermunculan kebanyakan hal-hal yang tidak ada di masa lampau, bahkan tidak pernah terbayang adanya. Dengan demikian, praktek Ilhaq al-Masail bi Nazairiha ini merupakan solusi terbaik. Namun praktek ini menimbulkan tanda tanya bagaimana konsep Ilhaq al-masail bi nazhairiha dan bagaimana metode penerapannya pada kasus kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan diskriptif analisis yaitu menggambarkan konsep dalam kajian ushul fiqih tentang konsep ilhaq al-masail bi nazhairiha dan metode penerapannya pada kasus kontemporer. Adapun kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsep lhaq al-masail bi nazhairiha merupakan upaya menyamakan kasus baru yang belum dibahas dalam al-kutub al-mu‘tabarah, dengan kasus lama yang sudah dibahas dalam al-kutub al-mu‘tabarah, karena keduanya memiliki sisi persamaan  di bawah satu kaidah dari al-qawa‘id al-fiqhiyah. Metode  ilhaq  al-masa’il  bi  nazhairiha harus  memenuhi  persyaratan: masalah yang dikaji harus masuk di bawah dhabit, tidak ada pembeda antara mulhaq dengan mulhaq bih, orang  yang  melakukan  ilhaq  adalah  al-faqih muqallid, yaitu sosok yang memiliki pengetahuan fiqh untuk  mengetahui  permasalahan-permasalahan  fiqhiyah, dan alatnya adalah al-qawaid dan al-dhawabit yang dikeluarkan oleh ashab dari nash imam al-Syafi‘ dan usulnya. Terdapat tiga metode penerapan ilhaq al-masail bi nazhairiha pada kasus kontemporer. Pertama, penerapan ilhaq disertai penyebutan mulhaq bih dan al-qawa‘id al-fiqhiyyah. Kedua, Penerapan ilhaq hanya dengan penyebutan al-qawa‘id al-Fiqhiyyah tanpa ada penyebutan mulhaq bih. Ketiga, Penerapan ilhaq hanya dengan penyebutan mulhaq bih tanpa ada penyebutan al-qawa‘id al-Fiqhiyyah.
Implementasi Kaidah Yutahammal Dharar Khas Li Daf' Dharar 'Am
Authors: Maulana Yuda
Published: September 2023

Melihat perkembangan masyarakat yang kian meningkat sehingga meningkatnya kebutuhan manusia akan ruang, seperti perluasan jalan dan fasilitas umum lainnya. Oleh karenanya, pemerintah melakukan pembelian paksa untuk meningkatkan pelayanan masyarakat, sampai mengambil alih kepemilikan rakyat menjadi kepemilikan negara untuk membangun fasilitas-fasilitas tersebut. Kebijakan pemerintah ini terdapat unsur pemaksaan yang berimbas kepada kerugian salah satu dari pada dua pihak dan tidak adanya saling suka rela dalam akad jual beli. Hal ini sangat jelas menunjukkan sebuah kontraversi antara kebijakan pemerintah dengan aturan syariat Islam yang sangat mengutamakan unsur sukarela dalam akad jual beli. Beranjak dari kasus ini, penulis merasa tertarik untuk meneliti bagaimana sebenarnya hukum membeli atas dasar paksaan tanpa adanya unsur suka rela sebagaimana kebijakan pemerintah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis yang memfokuskan pada kajian implementasi kaidah yutahammal dharar khas li daf’ dharar ‘am (analisi: hukum pembelian paksa tanah rakyat untuk kepentingan umum). Adapun kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa pembelian paksa terhadap pemilik tanah boleh dilakukan oleh pemerintah dengan syarat memberikan kompensasi yang adil kepada pemilik tanah dengan berpijak pada kaidah, yaitu kemudaratan yang berskala khusus terpaksa ditempuh demi menolak kemudaratan yang berskala umum. Walaupun demikian, tidak selamanya semua jenis kenikmatan bisa dengan seenaknya direngkuh dan semua hal yang terikat barbahaya harus segera digusur dari seluruh aspek kehidupan karena tidak semua orang yang mengklaim adanya dharurah dapat diterima atau dapat dibenarkan perbuatan-perbuatannya karena harus melihat alasan (illat) dharurah ,batasan ataupun syarat-syaratnya dan kebutuhan umum (hajat ‘ammah) dari pada masyarakat setempat yang dapat terlealisasinya berlangsungnya kemaslahatan mereka.
The Application Of The Stad Type Cooperative Model In Enhancing Faith Learning Outcomes To The Final Day Of Class VI Students Of Upt SDN 03 Asam Jujuhan
Authors: Zulkadri Zulkadri
Published: September 2023

The research is attracted by  students' difficulties in mastering basic competencies about being intelligent until the end of the day. This can be seen in the lack of ability to mention the names of the Last Days and explain the signs of the Last Days, students also have difficulty understanding the phases that humans go through on the Last Days, because this material is clearly abstract material and material about the Last Days. also less interesting for students, because they also often hear the same material in MDA lessons and religious lectures. This study aims to determine the application of the STAD type cooperative model in improving faith learning outcomes until the end of the day in class VI students of UPT SDN 03 Asam Jujuhan. The purpose of this study was to apply the STAD type cooperative model in improving the learning outcomes of Faith in the Last Day in class VI students of UPT SDN 03 Asam Jujuhan. This research method is a type of classroom action research (CAR) in the form of recycling, namely: planning, action or implementation of action, observation and reflection, carried out in two cycles and the target of this research was class VI students of UPT SDN 03 Asam Jujuhan. The results of this study are that the application of the STAD type cooperative learning model can improve student learning outcomes at UPT SDN 03 Asam Jujuhan for the 2021/2022 school year, from the results of the formative tests and observation sheets of teaching and learning activities have increased from cycle I to cycle III, namely (57,69 %) and cycle II (76.92%) so that this learning model can be used as an alternative to learning Islamic Religious Education in Elementary Schools.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Borch Christian
Published: September 2023

Et vue over de senere års globale politiske udvikling har givet anledning til den iagttagelse, at Francis Fukuyamas berømte tese fra slut-1980’erne og start-1990’erne om historiens afslutning ironisk nok kun syntes gyldig nogle få år. I den udbredte rus over murens fald og østblokkens kollaps diagnosticerede Fukuyama en ‘totalitarismens henvisnen’, der blev modsvaret af det liberale demokratis angiveligt historiske sejr (Fukuyama, 1993, s. 21). Med det liberale demokrati havde historien ifølge Fukuyama nået sin afslutning, ikke i den (indlysende absurde) forstand, at der ikke kunne indtræffe nye begivenheder, men i den forstand, at ‘historien forstået som en eneste, sammenhængende, evolutionær proces der omfatter alle folkeslags erfaringer til alle tider’ var ovre: ‘selve princippet om det liberale demokrati’ stod ganske enkelt uimodsagt (Fukuyama, 1993, s. 9, 10, kursiv i originalen).
Renæssance, sult og autoritær kapitalisme i Etiopien
Authors: Hess-Nielsen Ane Cecilie
Published: September 2023

Ligesom andre afrikanske stater følger Etiopien en udviklingsmodel med fokus på statens stærke rolle. Det østafrikanske land gennemfører ambitiøse nationale vækstplaner, og dæmningsprojektet på Nilen ’Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam’ markerer landets nye moderne æra. Renæssancekampagnen forbinder nutidens økonomiske politik med Etiopiens glorværdige fortid og symboliserer landets udvikling og transformation til modernitet som er drevet af regeringspartiet EPRDF. På trods af høj vækst udtrykker etiopiere dog ofte skepsis over for de aktuelle udviklingsprojekter, og mange føler sig ikke inkluderet i den økonomiske vækst.
Multiple Sclerosis, Fatigue, Expanded Disability Status Scale: A Cross-Sectional Exploration of Sleep Efficiency and Quantitative Sleep Parameters
Authors: Queisi Munther , Attarian Hrayr , Cipriani Veronica P. , Azzi Saria , Kaczmarek Olivia , Bumstead Barbara , Buhse Marijean , Zarif Myassar , Golan Daniel , Wilken Jeffrey , Covey Thomas , Gudesblatt Mark
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Poor sleep quality and sleep disorders are more prevalent in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) than in the general population. Poor sleep has been correlated with worse MS outcomes. Sleep efficiency (SE) is one of the most sensitive markers of sleep quality. There is very little written about SE and other polysomnography (PSG) parameters and MS measures.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective review of 280 consecutive individuals with MS evaluated by PSGs and other standardized MS measures over 13 years at a comprehensive MS center. In addition, the cohort was assessed with 2 fatigue scales, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Expanded Disability Status Scale. A comparison of means test (independent t test) and a correlation coefficient (r) were used.

RESULTS:

The PSG measures of SE and Total Sleep Time were significantly different between a group of individuals with MS with a disease duration of more than 5 years vs a group of individuals with MS with a disease duration less than or equal to 5 years. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea was 63%, higher than reported in the literature while the prevalence of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea was 33.4%, which was lower than reported.

CONCLUSIONS:

Longer disease duration and worse disability correlate with sleep quality as measured by SE.
Thermal diffusion coupling mechanism and its application of discrete waveguide
Authors: Meng Ling-Zhi , Yuan Li-Bo ,   College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China,   School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
Published: September 2023

For discrete optical systems integrated into optical fibers, the optical fields of the individual waveguides are coupled and correlated with each other. This paper studies how to adjust the refractive index of discrete waveguides by thermal diffusion, so as to enhance the coupling between discrete waveguides, and also constructs the discrete waveguide thermally diffused model and the thermally diffused coupling model of twin-core and three-core fibers. The multicore fiber is heated different times by a hydrogen-oxygen flame, and the outgoing light field at the end face of the optical fiber is monitored at the same time. Then, the three-dimensional refractive index measurement results of the thermally diffused multicore fiber verify the feasibility of thermal diffusion technology to change the refractive index of discrete waveguides for coupling. Thermal diffusion technology can be used to fabricate multicore fiber couplers. By combining multicore fiber and core-by-core inscribed fiber Bragg grating technology and by using thermal diffusion technology, the single-channel sensing measurement can be realized. The method of changing the refractive index of discrete waveguides through thermal diffusion has the advantages of high integration, high stability, and mass fabrication. The research on the thermal diffusion of discrete waveguides can improve the application potential of multicore fiber sensing systems, and promote the broad application of discrete waveguide structure optical fiber in the fields of optical communication, optical sensing, biomedicine, and artificial intelligence.
American Podiatric Surgeons’ Postoperative Multimodal Analgesic-Prescribing Practice: A 2019–2020 National Survey
Authors: Brooks Brandon M. , Bratches Reed W. R. , Nettles Ashley M. , Fleischer Adam E. , Brooks Bradley M. , Albright Rachel H.
Published: September 2023

Background: Surgery is a common setting for opioid-naive patients to first be exposed to opioids. Understanding the multimodal analgesic-prescribing habits of podiatric surgeons in the United States may be helpful to refining prescribing protocols. The purpose of this benchmark study was to identify whether certain demographic characteristics of podiatric surgeons were associated with their postoperative multimodal analgesic-prescribing practices.

Methods: We administered a scenario-based, voluntary, anonymous, online questionnaire that consisted of patient scenarios with a unique podiatric surgery followed by a demographics section. We developed multiple logistic regression models to identify associations between prescriber characteristics and the odds of supplementing with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, regional nerve block, and anticonvulsant agent for each scenario. We developed multiple linear regression models to identify the association of multimodal analgesic-prescribing habits and the opioid dosage units prescribed at the time of surgery.

Results: Eight hundred sixty podiatric surgeons completed the survey. Years in practice was a statistically significant variable in multiple scenarios. Compared with those in practice for more than 15 years, podiatric surgeons in practice 5 years or less had increased odds of reporting supplementation with an anticonvulsant agent in scenarios 1 (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–5.18; P = .03), 3 (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.55–5.68; P = .001), 4 (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.56–4.12; P < .001), and 5 (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.29–3.32; P = .003).

Conclusions: Podiatric surgeons with fewer years in practice had increased odds of supplementing with an anticonvulsant. Approximately one-third of podiatric surgeons reported using some form of a nonopioid analgesic and an opioid in every scenario. The use of multimodal analgesics was associated with a reduction in the number of opioid dosage units prescribed at the time of surgery and may be a reasonable adjunct to current protocols.
Dynamic organization of cerebellar climbing fiber response and synchrony in multiple functional components reduces dimensions for reinforcement learning
Authors: Hoang Huu , Tsutsumi Shinichiro , Matsuzaki Masanori , Kano Masanobu , Kawato Mitsuo , Kitamura Kazuo , Toyama Keisuke
Published: September 2023

Cerebellar climbing fibers convey diverse signals, but how they are organized in the compartmental structure of the cerebellar cortex during learning remains largely unclear. We analyzed a large amount of coordinate-localized two-photon imaging data from cerebellar Crus II in mice undergoing ‘Go/No-go’ reinforcement learning. Tensor component analysis revealed that a majority of climbing fiber inputs to Purkinje cells were reduced to only four functional components, corresponding to accurate timing control of motor initiation related to a Go cue, cognitive error-based learning, reward processing, and inhibition of erroneous behaviors after a No-go cue. Changes in neural activities during learning of the first two components were correlated with corresponding changes in timing control and error learning across animals, indirectly suggesting causal relationships. Spatial distribution of these components coincided well with boundaries of Aldolase-C/zebrin II expression in Purkinje cells, whereas several components are mixed in single neurons. Synchronization within individual components was bidirectionally regulated according to specific task contexts and learning stages. These findings suggest that, in close collaborations with other brain regions including the inferior olive nucleus, the cerebellum, based on anatomical compartments, reduces dimensions of the learning space by dynamically organizing multiple functional components, a feature that may inspire new-generation AI designs.
Hepatic conversion of acetyl-CoA to acetate plays crucial roles in energy stresses
Authors: Wang Jinyang , Wen Yaxin , Zhao Wentao , Zhang Yan , Lin Furong , Ouyang Cong , Wang HuiHui , Yao Lizheng , Ma Huanhuan , Zhuo Yue , Huang Huiying , Shi Xiulin , Feng Liubin , Lin Donghai , Jiang Bin , Li Qinxi
Published: September 2023

Accumulating evidences indicate that acetate is increased in energy stresses such as diabetes mellitus and prolonged starvation. However, it is largely unknown how and where acetate is produced and what is its biological significance. We observed overproduction of acetate in an amount comparable to ketone bodies in patients and mice with diabetes or starvation. Mechanistically, ACOT 12&8 are dramatically upregulated in liver to convert FFA-derived acetyl-CoA to acetate and CoA. This conversion not only provides large amount of acetate which fuels brain preferentially rather than muscle, but also recycles CoA which is required for sustained fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. Taken together, we suggest that acetate is an emerging novel “ketone body” and may be used as a parameter to evaluate the progression of energy stress in the future.
An In-Silico Testbed for Fast and Accurate MR Labeling of Orthopaedic Implants
Authors: Noetscher Gregory M , Serano Peter J. , Horner Marc , Prokop Alexander , Hanson Jonathan , Fujimoto Kyoko , Brown James E. , Nazarian Ara , Ackerman Jerome , Makaroff Sergey N
Published: September 2023

One limitation on the ability to monitor health in older adults using Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging is the presence of implants, where the prevalence of implantable devices (orthopedic, cardiac, neuromodulation) increases in the population, as does the pervasiveness of conditions requiring MRI studies for diagnosis (musculoskeletal diseases, infections, or cancer). The present study describes a novel multiphysics implant modeling testbed using the following approaches with two examples:an
in-silico
human model based on the widely available Visible Human Project (VHP) cryo- section dataset;a finite element method (FEM) modeling software workbench from Ansys (Electronics Desktop/Mechanical) to model MR radio frequency (RF) coils and the temperature rise modeling in heterogeneous media.The
in-silico
VHP Female model (250 parts with an additional 40 components specifically characterizing embedded implants and resultant surrounding tissues) corresponds to a 60-year-old female with a body mass index (BMI) of 36. The testbed includes the FEM-compatible
in-silico
human model, an implant embedding procedure, a generic parameterizable MRI RF birdcage two-port coil model, a workflow for computing heat sources on the implant surface and in adjacent tissues, and a thermal FEM solver directly linked to the MR coil simulator to determine implant heating based on an MR imaging study protocol. The primary target is MR labeling of large orthopaedic implants. The testbed has very recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a medical device development tool (MDDT) for 1.5 T orthopaedic implant examinations.
Gestionar la identidad católica de un colegio en contexto de secularización : experiencia de un proyecto de intervención para la gestión de la identidad de un colegio confesional Católico de la comuna de la Florida
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Salvo Ramírez Omar
Published: September 2023

El siguiente trabajo presenta el proceso y los resultados de la intervención realizada a un colegio de denominación católica en la comuna de la Florida. Esta intervención tuvo el propósito de generar condiciones que permitieran elaborar junto a la comunidad educativa una visión compartida de la identidad católica y la elaboración de un plan de acción. La metodología de recolección de información consideró un enfoque mixto de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos obtenidos en la propia institución mediante entrevistas a personal docente y directivo, encuestas aplicadas a distintos grupos de alumnos, los cuales fueron analizados mediante la metodología de la Teoría Fundamentada. Esta intervención tuvo como principal referente teórico el documento “Un Modelo Para Las Escuelas Católicas” del Arzobispado de Santiago (2020). Los principales resultados dan cuenta, por una parte, de la necesidad que hoy en día los colegios tengan instancias para reflexionar y ejecutar acciones que sean coherentes con su Proyecto Educativo Institucional y, por otra parte, una gran diferencia entre los distintos actores educacionales sobre lo que se entiende por una Identidad Católica en tiempos de una creciente secularización. Se concluye finalmente que levantar estas temáticas es indispensable para lograr un proyecto educativo cohesionado con el fin de una necesaria actualización del PEI en vistas de una mejor toma de decisiones estrategias que mejoren la calidad educativa de los estudiantes.
Diseño de una estructura para un programa de mentorías para la carrera de derecho de una universidad privada en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile : vinculación temprana de estudiantes con el mundo laboral en la carrera de derecho
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Cabezas Flores María Eugenia
Published: September 2023

El trabajo consiste en la realización de un diseño de un programa de mentorías enfocadas en un acercamiento temprano al mundo laboral de estudiantes de la Facultad de Derecho de una universidad chilena ubicada la Región Metropolitana, en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Con ello, se busca acortar brechas evidenciadas en los estudiantes que egresan en la carrera de Derecho, quienes, si bien cuentan con una buena formación académica, demuestran un déficit en cuanto a sus destrezas y habilidades profesionales una vez que ingresan al mundo laboral. La metodología utilizada para poder recopilar información clave fue la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a agentes clave, mediante la técnica de análisis temático. La investigación permitió obtener insumos necesarios para guiar el diseño del programa de mentorías, facilitando la creación de una estructura que permite implementarlo dentro de la carrera de Derecho para una mejor preparación en el aspecto profesional de sus egresados, así como una acción que permite generar actualizaciones y cambios positivos en la malla curricular, en función del aprendizaje que se desea otorgar a sus estudiantes.
Liderazgo en el desarrollo de competencias digitales vinculadas al ejercicio docente en el ciclo medio de un colegio particular subvencionado
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Sanzana Adasme Felipe
Published: September 2023

Diversos estudios han reconocido la gran importancia del liderazgo escolar en el apoyo y trabajo con el cuerpo docente. Las diversas funciones directivas que se orientan al trabajo de los profesores demuestran que, cuando un líder educativo otorga espacios y acompaña a sus docentes, estos mejoran, desarrollan mejores habilidades y aumentan sus conocimientos al servicio de la enseñanza y aprendizaje. En los últimos años la pandemia producida por el virus Covid 19 obligó a las diversas instituciones a migrar a la teleducación poniendo en juego las competencias digitales del cuerpo docente para asegurar el éxito de las estrategias implementadas. El presente estudio de caso único tiene como objetivo describir el liderazgo del equipo directivo para impulsar competencias digitales en profesores de enseñanza media de un establecimiento educacional particular subvencionado de la Región Metropolitana y caracterizar el auto reporte de los profesores ya transcurrido un tiempo de pandemia. Mediante la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas al equipo directivo y la aplicación de un cuestionario al cuerpo docente, se discute en torno a los principales resultados que muestran la importancia del acompañamiento directivo en esta materia y los principales dominios profesionales del cuerpo docente vinculado a dimensiones específicas acerca de las competencias digitales.
El derecho de las personas con discapacidad a una educación de calidad. Apuntes en torno a su extensión y límites en el ordenamiento jurídico cubano
Authors: Arencibia Fleitas Yairis , Lantigua Estupiñan Leyanis , Martín González Dulce María
Published: September 2023

La inclusión educativa es el modelo que pretende dejar de ver las diferencias como un problema, para que cada persona desarrolle y optimice sus capacidades y así brindar igualdad de oportunidades, en función de sus necesidades tanto educativas como sociales. A tal fin, se ofrece en este estudio una perspectiva jurídica que lo aprecia en su dimensión como derecho humano y fundamental, a la luz del ordenamiento jurídico cubano y los instrumentos internacionales suscritos y ratificados por Cuba al respecto. Se parte entonces de su conceptualización, principios y fundamentos en los que se sustenta, para distinguir los conceptos de discapacidad, deficiencia y minusvalía, en función de los cuales habrán de ser definidos los niveles de adaptación a implementar en cada sistema educativo, de modo que las adaptaciones curriculares a introducir respondan a sus necesidades, en franco respeto al alcance y límites de los derechos de cada persona involucrada.
Growth and Yield Attributes of Mustard as Influenced by Mustard – Based Vegetable Intercropping Systems
Authors: K. Ramakrishna , Kumari Ch.  Pragathi , Chauhan Sreedhar , Prakash T. Ram
Published: September 2023

The study was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Adilabad, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, from November, 2022 to March, 2023 to identify the best intercropping system in mustard intercropped with different root vegetable crops. The treatments include, T1: Mustard sole crop; T2: Radish sole crop; T3: Beetroot sole crop; T4: Carrot sole crop; T5: Potato sole crop; T6: Mustard + Radish (2:2); T7: Mustard + Beetroot (2:2); T8: Mustard + Carrot (2:2); T9: Mustard + Potato (2:2); T10: Mustard + Radish (3:3); T11: Mustard + Beetroot (3:3) ;T12: Mustard + Carrot (3:3); T13: Mustard + Potato (3:3). Results indicated that, mustard sole crop performed significantly better in terms of growth and yield parameters. However, among the intercropping systems, mustard + radish showed higher plant height (179 and 174 cm), significantly higher plant drymatter accumulation (2478, 2456 kg/ha), number of siliqua (1689 and 1675), grain yield (972 and 950 kg/ha) and stalk yield (2267 and 2242 kg/ha) in both 3:3 and 2:2 row proportions, respectively. Moreover, all the root vegetable crops, namely radish, beetroot, carrot and potato, showed better results in terms of growth and yield parameters as sole crops compared to when grown in intercropping systems. Considering the row proportions the performance was better in 3:3 than 2:2 but not statistically significant. The study concludes that, mustard +radish in both 3:3 and 2:2 row proportions can be a better intercropping system for Telangana.
Use of Feed Additives in Animal Nutrition
Authors: Wani Fallah Fida , Asimi Oyas Ahmad , Khan Irfan Ahmad
Published: September 2023

Reducing the dependency of aquaculture on fishmeal and other important fish feed ingredients is key for sustainable development for the aquaculture industry. One of the major bottlenecks in the expansion of coldwater fish culture in the Kashmir valley is the availability of quality fish feed at low cost. The local fish farmers of the valley are mostly dependent on feed either outside J & K or on the State Fisheries Department J & K. The State Fisheries Department also procures feed ingredients from outside the State which results in high feed costs and increased cost of production and low economic returns to the farmers. Recognizing the importance of proper feeding in successful fish production, the present article gives an idea of how to formulate quality feed using locally available feed ingredients and some feed additives to make the feed more palatable and environmentally friendly. At the same time, the production of quality feed will create economic development among the poor sections of the society and employment generation for the uneducated/educated, skilled or unskilled sections of the society.
Medicaid Expansion’s Final Frontier
Authors: O’Mahen Patrick N. , Petersen Laura A.
Published: September 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the reasons why Medicaid has not been expanded in all US states and explains how expansion might finally be achieved in the 10 holdout states.
Opportunities for Savings in Risk Arrangements for Oncologic Care
Authors: Landon Bruce E. , Lam Miranda B. , Landrum Mary Beth , McWilliams J. Michael , Meneades Laurie , Wright Alexi A. , Keating Nancy L.
Published: September 2023

Importance

As the US accelerates adoption of alternative payment through global payment models such as Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) or Medicare Advantage (MA), high spending for cancer care is a potential target for savings.

Objective

To quantify the extent to which ACOs and other risk-bearing organizations operating in a specific geographic area (hospital referral region [HRR]) could achieve savings by steering patients to efficient medical oncology practices.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This observational study included serial cross-sections of Medicare beneficiaries with cancer from 2010 to 2018. Data were analyzed from August 2021 to March 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Total spending and spending by category in the 1-year period following an index visit for a patient with newly diagnosed (incident) or poor-prognosis cancer.

Results

The incident cohort included 1 309 825 patients with a mean age of 74.0 years; the most common cancer types were breast (21.4%), lung (16.7%), and colorectal cancer (10.0%). The poor prognosis cohort included 1 429 973 (mean age, 72.7 years); the most common cancer types were lung (26.6%), lymphoma (11.7%), and leukemia (7.3%). Options for steering varied across markets; the top quartile market had 10 or more oncology practices, but the bottom quartile had 3 or fewer oncology practices. Total spending (including Medicare Part D) in the incident cohort increased from a mean of $57 314 in 2009 to 2010 to $66 028 in 2016 to 2017. Within markets, total spending for practices in the highest spending quartile was 19% higher than in the lowest quartile. Hospital spending was the single largest component of spending in both time periods ($20 390 and $19 718, respectively) followed by Part B (infused) chemotherapy ($8022 and $11 699). Correlations in practice-level spending between the first-year (2009) and second-year (2010) spending were high (>0.90 in all categories with most >0.98), but these attenuated over time.

Conclusions and Relevance

These results suggest there may be opportunities for ACOs and other risk-bearing organizations to select or drive referrals to lower-spending oncology practices in many local markets.
Travel Time and Distance and Participation in Precision Oncology Trials at the National Cancer Center Hospital
Authors: Uehara Yuji , Koyama Takafumi , Katsuya Yuki , Sato Jun , Sudo Kazuki , Kondo Shunsuke , Yoshida Tatsuya , Shoji Hirokazu , Shimoi Tatsunori , Yonemori Kan , Yamamoto Noboru
Published: September 2023

Importance

Genotype-matched trials, which are becoming increasingly important in the precision oncology era, require referrals from institutions providing comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) testing to those conducting these trials, and the travel burden for trial participation is significant. However, it remains unknown whether travel time or distance are associated with genotype-matched trial participation.

Objective

To assess whether travel time or distance are associated with disparities in genotype-matched trial participation following CGP testing.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study from June 2020 to June 2022 included patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors referred to the National Cancer Center Hospital for participation in genotype-matched trials following CGP testing and discussion by molecular tumor boards. Data were analyzed from June to October 2022.

Exposures

Travel time and distance.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary and secondary outcomes were enrollment in genotype-matched trials and all-cancer clinical trials, respectively.

Results

Of 1127 patients (mean [range] age, 62 [16-85] years; 584 women [52%]; all residents of Japan), 127 (11%) and 241 (21%) were enrolled in genotype-matched trials and all-cancer clinical trials, respectively. The overall median (IQR) travel distance and time were 38 (21-107) km and 55 (35-110) minutes, respectively. On multivariable regression with 23 covariates, travel distance (≥100 km vs <100 km) was not associated with the likelihood of genotype-matched trial participation (26 of 310 patients [8%] vs 101 of 807 patients [12%]; odds ratio [OR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.40-1.02), whereas in patients with travel time of 120 minutes or more, the likelihood of genotype-matched trial participation was significantly lower than those with travel time less than 120 minutes (19 of 276 patients [7%] vs 108 of 851 patients [13%]; OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.84). The likelihood of genotype-matched trial participation decreased as travel time increased from less than 40 (38 of 283 patients [13%]) to 40 to 120 (70 of 568 patients [12%]) and 120 or more (19 of 276 patients [7%]) minutes (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.48-1.17; OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.22-0.74, respectively). Neither travel time nor distance were associated with the likelihood of all-cancer clinical trial participation.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of patients undergoing CGP testing, an increased travel time was associated with a decreased likelihood of genotype-matched trial participation. This warrants further research on interventions, such as decentralization of clinical trials to mitigate travel burden.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Use in a National Sample of Medicare Beneficiaries With Schizophrenia
Authors: Li Pengxiang , Benson Carmela , Geng Zhi , Seo Sanghyuk , Patel Charmi , Doshi Jalpa A.
Published: September 2023

This cross-sectional study assesses the racial and ethnic disparities in long-acting injectable antipsychotic use in a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries with schizophrenia.
Neoclassical Word Formation
Authors: Melloni Chiara
Published: September 2023

This is a survey entry on neoclassical word formation, which is the creation of new lexemes with Ancient Greek or Latin elements. Neoclassical word formation does not only combine formatives of classical origin (e.g.
hydrophobic
) but may also involve native words (e.g.
hydrofoil, webology
). Despite being borrowings from the classical languages, neoclassical formatives (e.g.
hydr
‐,
‐(o)logy
, etc.) are productively deployed across modern European languages for the formation of new words, returning a shared vocabulary stock composed of so‐called ‘internationalisms’. They typically occur in technical and scientific registers, but many are words of common use (e.g.
homicide
,
thermometer
,
telephone
,
philosophy
, etc.). Since it combines stems with a lexemic value, neoclassical word formation is usually identified as a type of compounding, with exogenous properties that may differ radically from native compounds. Moreover, several other phenomena like shortening, clipping, blends and forms of derivation are attested in languages, like English, where neoclassical word formation is productive. The entry is organized as follows: after the introduction, Section 2 illustrates some historical facts of neoclassical lexemes, showing how borrowings from the classical languages have evolved into creative patterns across European languages; Section 3 overviews the heated debate that neoclassical formatives have provoked, especially because of their mixed properties and the heterogenous character of the class; Section 4 delves into word‐formation phenomena characterized as neoclassical, ranging from compounding to derivation, including shortening, clipping and secretion; Section 5 deals with theoretical issues of productivity and language‐specific morphological trends in the domain of neoclassical word formation; Section 6 summarizes and discusses relevant theoretical threads revolving around the notion of prototype, and the usefulness of prototype theory in neoclassical word formation.
Identifying lupus Patient Subsets Through Immune Cell Deconvolution of Gene Expression Data in Two Atacicept Phase II Studies
Authors: Studham Matthew , Vazquez‐Mateo Cristina , Samy Eileen , Haselmayer Philipp , Aydemir Aida , Rolfe P. Alexander , Merrill Joan T. , Morand Eric F. , DeMartino Julie , Kao Amy , Townsend Robert
Published: September 2023

Objective

To use cell‐based gene signatures to identify patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) in the phase II/III APRIL–SLE and phase IIb ADDRESS II trials most likely to respond to atacicept.

Methods

A published immune cell deconvolution algorithm based on Affymetrix gene array data was applied to whole blood gene expression from patients entering APRIL‐SLE. Five distinct patient clusters were identified. Patient characteristics, biomarkers, and clinical response to atacicept were assessed per cluster. A modified immune cell deconvolution algorithm was developed based on RNA sequencing data and applied to ADDRESS II data to identify similar patient clusters and their responses.

Results

Patients in APRIL‐SLE (N = 105) were segregated into the following five clusters (P1‐5) characterized by dominant cell subset signatures: high neutrophils, T helper cells and natural killer (NK) cells (P1), high plasma cells and activated NK cells (P2), high B cells and neutrophils (P3), high B cells and low neutrophils (P4), or high activated dendritic cells, activated NK cells, and neutrophils (P5). Placebo‐ and atacicept‐treated patients in clusters P2,4,5 had markedly higher British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) A/B flare rates than those in clusters P1,3, with a greater treatment effect of atacicept on lowering flares in clusters P2,4,5. In ADDRESS II, placebo‐treated patients from P2,4,5 were less likely to be SLE Responder Index (SRI)‐4, SRI‐6, and BILAG‐Based Combined Lupus Assessment responders than those in P1,3; the response proportions again suggested lower placebo effect and a greater treatment differential for atacicept in P2,4,5.

Conclusion

This exploratory analysis indicates larger differences between placebo‐ and atacicept‐treated patients with SLE in a molecularly defined patient subset.
All‐Solid‐State Battery Fabricated by 3D Aerosol Jet Printing
Authors: Lopez-Hallman Raymond , Rodriguez Rodrigo , Lai Yueh-Ting , Zhang Qiuhong , Tsao Bang-Hung , Deiner Jay , Fellner Joseph P. , Zhu Yu
Published: September 2023

All‐solid‐state battery (ASSB) technology has emerged as a promising solution for developing safe and high‐energy‐density power sources. However, the pronounced interfacial charge transfer resistance between the electrode and the solid electrolyte continues to be a central obstacle in contemporary ASSBs. This work demonstrates the first approach to printing ASSBs using aerosol jet printing technology. A composite cathode, composed of active materials, binder polymer, and conductive filler, is printed onto the current collector. Subsequently, a solventless superionic conducting solid polymer electrolyte is printed on the cathode to form a seamless interface between the electrode and the electrolyte, resulting in a 3D‐printed all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion battery. The active material in the cathode (lithium iron phosphate, LFP) achieves a loading of ≈10 mg cm−2, while the solid polymer electrolyte layer maintains a thickness of a mere 24 μm. Under ambient conditions (30 °C), the half‐cell ASSB exhibits a specific capacity of over 130 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C. Advanced aerosol printed cells with a porous membrane, which allows the batteries to be safely cycled at higher temperature (60 °C), exhibit fast charging/discharging rates. These batteries are capable of cycling at a 0.3 C rate, delivering a specific capacity surpassing 160 mAh g−1.
Synergistic Effects of Ultrasonic Rolling Textures and PTFE‐PPS/SiO2 Coatings on Dry Friction and Wear Properties of GCr15 Steel Surfaces
Authors: Wu Jiaxing , Deng Jianxin , Wang Mingyuan , Zhang Zhihui , Wang Ran , Lu Yang , Bao Yichen , Tian Runzhou
Published: September 2023

Ultrasonic surface rolling processing (USRP) is used to fabricate textures with different shapes and processing times on the surface of GCr15 substrates. The polytetrafluoroethylene‐polyphenylene sulfide/silicon dioxide (PTFE‐PPS/SiO2) lubricant coating is subsequently deposited on texture surfaces by electrohydrodynamic atomization. USRP texturing not only forms the texture shapes but also realizes the strengthening effects of increased hardness and residual stress. Synergistic effects of the PTFE‐PPS/SiO2 coating and different USRP textures on dry friction and wear properties are investigated. The results show that the synergistic effect of the linear texture with two processing times and the PTFE‐PPS/SiO2 coating achieves better dry friction and wear performance than the individual effect. The texture shape and the processing times both affect the synergistic effect. The increase in processing times has a positive effect on synergistic improvement. The linear texture plays a better synergistic effect compared with that of the wavy texture with the same processing times. The USRP textures affect the tribological properties of texture‐coating samples by mainly influencing the coating‐substrate adhesion. The texture with an appropriate shape and height can improve the adhesion with the coating, and thus synergistically improve the dry friction and wear properties of the substrate.
Learning‐Effective Mixed‐Dimensional Halide Perovskite QD Synaptic Array for Self‐Rectifying and Luminous Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Park Young Ran , Wang Gunuk
Published: September 2023

A mixed‐dimensional heterostructure comprising nanomaterials with varying dimensions provides a promising structure for an artificial synapse for reconfigurable neuromorphic functions. In this study, an 8 × 8 memristor crossbar array based on a mixed‐dimensional heterostructure comprising Cs1−xFAxPbBr3(0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) quantum dots (QDs) and different dimensional interfacial nanomaterial layers between the Al and ITO electrodes is designed and fabricated. This array device exhibits a high yield and reliable self‐rectifying analog switching characteristics with low synaptic‐coupling (SC, up to 5.19 × 10−5) and light emission, facilitating stimuli response visualization and preventing undesired pathways in the network array. Furthermore, because the formamidinium (FA) concentration alters the QD size, thereby engineering interfacial band alignment in the heterostructure, the essential synaptic properties such as dynamic range, SC, and nonlinearity can be improved. Especially, asxincreases from 0 to 0.11, the recognition accuracy for the MNIST patterns increases significantly, from 68.97% to 89.08%, even for single‐layer ANNs. The energy consumption required for a specific accuracy level is reduced by a factor of 25.15. The utilization of mixed‐dimensional perovskite QD‐based heterostructures in neural networks may provide desirable neuromorphic electronic functions with enhanced learning capability and energy efficiency, while preventing unwanted neural signals.
In‐Built Polaronic States Self‐Regulation for Boosting Potassium‐Ion Diffusion Kinetics
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyun , Qi Jing , Zhou Dan , Li Tao , Wu Tianli , Yang Wenlong , Xu Ying
Published: September 2023

Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted enormous attention due to their low cost and high abundance of potassium resources. Here, self‐hybridized BiOBr0.5I0.5 with a flower‐like structure composed of 2D nanosheets is assembled and used as PIBs anode. According to the systematic theoretical calculations, the unbalanced charge distribution between Br and I atoms induces an intensified internal electric field and a wide van der Waals gap; while the decreasing of electron polarons caused by the hybridized structure improves the stability and electronic conductivity of the system. Moreover, the K+ ion uptake induces an energetic evolution in polaronic states in the BiOBr0.5I0.5 crystal skeleton, whereby the dynamic K+ ion‐halogen atoms correlation in situ forms hole‐like polarons, which substantially promotes K+ ion diffusion kinetics and the corresponding reaction kinetics during charge/discharge processes, imparting significant implications for the design of high‐performance energy storage electrode materials by engineering the interface interaction and electronic structure. Therefore, with this atomic orbital self‐hybridized structure, the K+ ion diffusion kinetics and the corresponding reaction kinetics during the charge/discharge process are both enhanced remarkably, thus enabling a high electrochemical performance of 155 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 over 4000 cycles in PIBs with the BiOBr0.5I0.5 as the anode.
High‐Strength, High‐Barrier Bio‐Based Polyester Nanocomposite Films by Binary Multiscale Boron Nitride Nanosheets
Authors: Ding Jiheng , Zhao Hongran , Shi Shuo , Su Jing , Chu Qinchao , Wang Hao , Fang Bin , Miah Mohammad Raza , Wang Jinggang , Zhu Jin
Published: September 2023

Owing to the inferior dispersibility of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) and weak interfacial interaction with the matrix, the performance of BNNS‐based composites is usually far below theoretically predicted values. Here, binary multiscale BNNSs (LDH‐BNNSs) fillers are synthesized through in situ growth of layered double hydroxide (LDH) on the BNNSs’ surfaces. LDH‐BNNSs with a multiple mosaic interface show superior dispersion of nanosheets in matrix and extraordinary filler‐matrix bonding. Density functional theory simulations reveal the stable dispersion mechanism of LDH‐BNNSs. Moreover, the bio‐based poly(ethylene furandicarboxylate) composites with 0.2 wt% LDH‐BNNSs loading exhibit simultaneous improvements in tensile strength (≈140 MPa), Young's modulus (≈6.5 GPa), toughness (≈2.0 MJ m−3), and gas barrier properties. Regulation of the interfacial structures of binary multiscale BNNSs significantly increases the filler utilization of the nanosheets, leading to extraordinary stress transfer efficiency and a physical shielding effect. Therefore, this simple, efficient, and novel strategy has promised in enhancing composite performance, and it provides a novel way to develop strong, tough, and high‐barrier bio‐based polyester composites.