bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO PRE-PRANDIAL AND POSTPRANDIAL EXERCISE IN ACTIVE MEN
Authors: Mota Márcio Rabelo , Chaves Sandro Nobre , Dutra Maurílio Tiradentes , Oliveira Ricardo Jacó de , Dantas Renata Aparecida Elias , Lima Filipe Dinato de
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pre-prandial exercise promotes greater mobilization of fat metabolism due to the increased release of catecholamines, cortisol, and glucagon. However, this response affects how the cardiovascular system responds to exercise. Objective: To evaluate the response of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and rate-pressure product (RPP) to pre- and postprandial exercise. Methods: Ten physically active male subjects (25.50 ± 2.22 years) underwent two treadmill protocols (pre- and postprandial) performed for 36 minutes at 65% of VO2max on different days. On both days, subjects attended the laboratory on a 10-hour fasting state. For the postprandial session, volunteers ingested a pre-exercise meal of 349.17 kcal containing 59.3 g of carbohydrates (76.73%), 9.97 g of protein (12.90%), and 8.01 g of lipids (10.37%). Blood pressure, HR and RPP were measured before and after exercise. The 2x2 factorial Anova with the multiple comparisons test of Bonferroni was applied to analyze cardiovascular variables in both moments (pre- vs. postprandial). The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Systolic (121.70 ± 7.80 vs. 139.78 ± 12.91 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (66.40 ± 9.81 vs. 80.22 ± 8.68 mmHg) increased significantly after exercise only in the postprandial session (p<0.05). HR increased significantly (p<0.05) after both protocols (64.20 ± 15.87 vs. 141.20 ± 10.33 bpm pre-prandial and 63.60 ± 8.82 vs. 139.20 ± 10.82 bpm postprandial). RPP had a similar result (8052.10 ± 1790.68 vs. 18382.60 ± 2341.66 mmHg.bpm in the pre-prandial session and 7772.60 ± 1413.76 vs. 19564.60 ± 3128.99 mmHg.bpm in the postprandial session). Conclusion: These data suggest that fasted exercise does not significantly alter the blood pressure. Furthermore, the meal provided before the postprandial exercise may promote a greater blood pressure responsiveness during exercise.
Legisladores Representantes Empresariales en Argentina y Brasil: la emergencia de una categoría de especialistas
Authors: Donatello Luis Miguel
Published: November 2017

Resumen Este trabajo se propone describir algunas características sociológicas de aquellos representantes corporativos empresariales que han sido legisladores en Brasil y Argentina en la última década. Para ello se trabajó con las bases de datos disponibles del proyecto Élites Parlamentarias-PELA de la Universidad de Salamanca, construía bajo la dirección de Manuel Alcántara. Al mismo tiempo, se triangulo dicha información con fuentes cualitativas. Los resultados nos hablan de la emergencia de una categoría de especialistas en la representación de intereses empresariales que han emergido a partir de las oportunidades que la democracia abrió en ambos países. En ese sentido, la dimensión política parece adquirir más preeminencia que los rasgos sociológicos de los agentes seleccionados. Ello nos permitirá dialogar con algunas teorías que sostienen la existencia de una nueva política asociada a tendencias globales.
ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTION CAPACITY FROM A HARVESTER IN THE FOREST IN OWN AND OUTSOURCED MODULES.1
Authors: Lacerda Leonardo Cassani , Fiedler Nilton Cesar , Chichorro José Franklim , Minette Luciano José , Carmo Flávio Cipriano de Assis do
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT This study aimed to perform a machine operational analyses used on the eucalyptus mechanized harvest, in four different regions of the Espirito Santo and Bahia states. The activities were performed by own and outsourced labor, the regions had a similar climate condition, relieve and similar machine, the harvest forest tractor. The mechanical disponibility, operational efficiency, machine production was analyzed during a 12 months period in the field and by the operational output from the database from 60 own machines and 60 outsourced machines in each one from de four regions (120 machines). Based on the results, it was observed that in the own module and the outsourced, variables were the mechanical disponibility operational efficiency and technical disponibility did not have different during the study period, among the regions. The executed work with own machines had a higher production when compared to the outsourced, with exception of the regions A and C. The total volume produced per year by the cut forest with the own machines were higher than 1.234.310 m3 to the total volume cut with outsourced machines, showing a higher operational efficiency when the harvest was made with an own model.
Educational program in oral health for caregivers on the oral hygiene of dependent elders
Authors: LAGO Jéssica Damares , FAIS Laiza Maria Grassi , MONTANDON Andréia Affonso Barretto , PINELLI Lígia Antunes Pereira
Published: November 2017

Abstract Objective Due increased number of elders living in long-term care institutions, actions designs to improve their oral health are essential. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an educational program for the caregivers through the assessment of the oral hygiene of institutionalized elders. Material and method The education program consisted in lectures to caregivers about oral health that were performed once a month. The subjects were 40 functionally dependent institutionalized elders and 14 caregivers. Hygiene habits, plaque index, and tongue coating/discoloration of the elders were measured before the educational program (baseline- T0) and after 6 (T1), 12 (T2), 18 (T3) and 24 months (T4). Caregivers answered questions about their knowledge, doubts and implementation of dental care (T0 to T4). Result After analyzing the data (Friedman, Chi-square and Spearman α = 0.05), a gradual improvement in the oral hygiene of the subjects was observed, with an increased frequency of brushing (p=0.0005), a change in the brush type (p=0.0065) and a reduction in the plaque index (p<0.05) and tongue coating (p<0.05). Caregivers showed a marked improvement in their dental care knowledge. Conclusion It was concluded that the educational program for caregivers had a positive impact in the oral health of institutionalized elderly observed by the increased in the effectiveness of oral hygiene parameters such as plaque index and tongue coating, contributing to the knowledge gain in hygiene by caregivers.
The cyclicality of loan loss provisions under three different accounting models: the United Kingdom, Spain, and Brazil
Authors: Araújo Antônio Maria Henri Beyle de , Lustosa Paulo Roberto Barbosa , Paulo Edilson
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT A controversy involving loan loss provisions in banks concerns their relationship with the business cycle. While international accounting standards for recognizing provisions (incurred loss model) would presumably be pro-cyclical, accentuating the effects of the current economic cycle, an alternative model, the expected loss model, has countercyclical characteristics, acting as a buffer against economic imbalances caused by expansionary or contractionary phases in the economy. In Brazil, a mixed accounting model exists, whose behavior is not known to be pro-cyclical or countercyclical. The aim of this research is to analyze the behavior of these accounting models in relation to the business cycle, using an econometric model consisting of financial and macroeconomic variables. The study allowed us to identify the impact of credit risk behavior, earnings management, capital management, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) behavior, and the behavior of the unemployment rate on provisions in countries that use different accounting models. Data from commercial banks in the United Kingdom (incurred loss), in Spain (expected loss), and in Brazil (mixed model) were used, covering the period from 2001 to 2012. Despite the accounting models of the three countries being formed by very different rules regarding possible effects on the business cycles, the results revealed a pro-cyclical behavior of provisions in each country, indicating that when GDP grows, provisions tend to fall and vice versa. The results also revealed other factors influencing the behavior of loan loss provisions, such as earning management.
Ética e Estética são Um? O que isto pode ter a ver com a Educação escolar?
Authors: Amaral Filho Fausto dos Santos
Published: November 2017

Resumo: A partir das duas perguntas que intitulam o presente artigo compreende-se, ao responder à primeira, que aquilo que identifica Ética e Estética é o fundamento polissêmico da linguagem que as constitui, em contraposição à linguagem monossêmica da Ciência. Assim, passando para a segunda pergunta, sem deixar o horizonte da linguagem, encontramos uma interpretação da Modernidade e da Pós-modernidade e os modos da Educação de situar-se aí. Quando, então, tentando superar uma visão monossêmica da Educação, passa-se a pensar nas possibilidades daquilo que se pode chamar de polissemia escolar.
Marx e Piaget: aproximações teóricas e epistemológicas
Authors: Dongo-Montoya Adrian Oscar
Published: November 2017

Este estudo propõe mostrar as aproximações do pensamento de Piaget com o de Marx em função da pesquisa sociológica de ambos os autores. Essas aproximações se manifestam nisto: as relações entre as partes e o todo societário, as relações entre a ação material e as representações sociais, as relações entre a sincronia e a diacronia e o papel das centrações e descentrações na formação das representações individuais e coletivas. Nessa perspectiva, analisaremos principalmente os estudos de Piaget sobre tais questões. Não deixaremos de analisar alguns estudos do próprio Marx e de seus seguidores sobre questões análogas, a fim de verificar supostas aproximações. Os resultados da nossa pesquisa evidenciam aproximações teóricas entre ambos os autores.
Políticas de Educação Integral em Tempo Integral à Luz da Análise do Ciclo da Política Pública
Authors: Parente Cláudia da Mota Darós
Published: November 2017

Resumo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo sistematizar alguns elementos para a análise das políticas de educação integral em tempo integral considerando o ciclo da política pública. O ciclo de uma política pública é composto pelas seguintes fases: agenda, formulação, implementação e avaliação. Por meio de um ensaio teórico, embasado na bibliografia da área de políticas públicas e no acúmulo teórico e empírico acerca da temática, o presente estudo mostra como as políticas de educação integral em tempo integral apresentam-se atualmente na agenda político-educacional brasileira e como vêm sendo formuladas, implementadas e avaliadas. Aponta a relevância de se construir instrumentos e metodologias de análise que melhor captem as necessidades da área.
PROSPECT THEORY: A PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL FORMS IN BRAZIL
Authors: LOBEL ROBERT EUGENE , KLOTZLE MARCELO CABUS , SILVA PAULO VITOR JORDÃO DA GAMA , PINTO ANTONIO CARLOS FIGUEIREDO
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze risk preferences in Brazil based on prospect theory by estimating the risk aversion parameter of the expected utility theory (EUT) for a select sample, in addition to the value and probability function parameter, assuming various functional forms, and a newly proposed value function, the modified log. This is the first such study in Brazil, and the parameter results are slightly different from studies in other countries, indicating that subjects are more risk averse and exhibit a smaller loss aversion. Probability distortion is the only common factor. As expected, the study finds that behavioral models are superior to EUT, and models based on prospect theory, the TK and Prelec weighting function, and the value power function show superior performance to others. Finally, the modified log function proposed in the study fits the data well, and can thus be used for future studies in Brazil.
Marine substrate response from the analysis of seismic attributes in CHIRP sub-bottom profiles
Authors: Demarco Larissa Felicidade Werkhauser , Klein Antonio Henrique da Fontoura , Souza Jorge Antonio Guimarães de
Published: November 2017

Abstract This paper presents an evaluation of the response of seismic reflection attributes in different types of marine substrate (rock, shallow gas, sediments) using seafloor samples for ground-truth statistical comparisons. The data analyzed include seismic reflection profiles collected using two CHIRP subbottom profilers (Edgetech Model 3100 SB-216S), with frequency ranging between 2 and 16 kHz, and a number (38) of sediment samples collected from the seafloor. The statistical method used to discriminate between different substratum responses was the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis, carried out in two steps: 1) comparison of Seismic Attributes between different marine substrates (unconsolidated sediments, rock and shallow gas); 2) comparison of Seismic Attributes between different sediment classes in seafloors characterized by unconsolidated sediments (subdivided according to sorting). These analyses suggest that amplitude-related attributes were effective in discriminating between sediment and gassy/rocky substratum, but did not differentiate between rocks and shallow gas. On the other hand, the Instantaneous Frequency attribute was effective in differentiating sediments, rocks and shallow gas, with sediment showing higher frequency range, rock an intermediate range, and shallow gas the lowest response. Regarding grain-size classes and sorting, statistical analysis discriminated between two distinct groups of samples, the SVFS (silt and very fine sand) and the SFMC (fine, medium and coarse sand) groups. Using a Spearman coefficient, it was found that the Instantaneous Amplitude was more efficient in distinguishing between the two groups. None of the attributes was able to distinguish between the closest grain size classes such as those of silt and very fine sand.
Feeding ecology of the beach silverside Atherinella blackburni (Atherinopsidae) in a tropical sandy beach, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Gonzalez Júlio Guazzelli , Vaske Júnior Teodoro
Published: November 2017

Abstract The feeding ecology of the beach silverside (Atherinella blackburni) in the surf zone of a tropical sand beach, located in the southeastern Brazil, was accessed through the gut content analysis of 198 fish. Factors such as fish's size, season and day period were analysed to understand how these variables affect the diet composition of the species. Results show that A. blackburni is a coastal neritic fish with a broad feeding niche. Most recurrent prey were zooplanktonic crustaceans, insects and benthic molluscs, in which Copepoda crustaceans were the dominant dietary item in occurrence and abundance. A. blackburni appears to have a slight ontogenetic shift in its diet, changing from benthic molluscs to crustaceans and insects along its life cycle. The diel activity also reveals to be an important factor to the A. blackburni feeding ecology. The predominant occurrence of small fish during the morning, along with the main preys for this size class, suggests that small individuals use shallower waters as feeding grounds during the morning and, during the night, they move to deeper waters for protection against predators.
Atlas of marine bony fish otoliths (sagittae) of Southeastern-Southern Brazil Part VII: Atheriniformes, Beloniformes, Beryciformes, Zeiformes, Syngnathiformes, Scorpaeniformes and Tetraodontiformes
Authors: Conversani Valéria Regina Martins , Brenha-Nunes Marina Rito , Santificetur César , Giaretta Marcella Bockis , Siliprandi Carolina Correia , Rossi-Wongtschowski Carmen Lucia Del Bianco
Published: November 2017

Abstract In addition to the series of documents that we have been publishing on the "Atlas of Teleostei Otoliths for the Southeastern-Southern Brazilian region", in this volume we present the results of species of the orders Atheriniformes (1 species), Beloniformes (5), Beryciformes (2), Zeiformes (2), Syngnathiformes (2), Scorpaeniformes (9) and Tetraodontiformes (6). Features, measurements and indices were analyzed according to methodology used in anterior series. Three otoliths of each species have been illustrated and photographed whenever possible. The frequency of occurrence of each characteristic was calculated by total length classes (TL), and differences within and among classes have been analyzed applying the multiple χ2 test (significance 0.05).
Plankton and water quality variability in an estuary before and after the shrimp farming effluents: possible impacts and regeneration
Authors: Bauer William , Abreu Paulo Cesar , Poersch Luis Henrique
Published: November 2017

Abstract Water quality, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton, proto and mezo-zooplankton abundance were spatiotemporally evaluated in an estuary receiving effluents from a Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei farm in Patos Lagoon estuary, Southern Brazil. Samples were taken before (BD) and; 1 day (1 PD) 5 days (5 PD), 10 days (10 PD), 20 days (20 PD) and 30 days (30 PD) after the effluents discharge. Some water quality parameters were affected by the effluents discharge; however, these changes were restricted to a distance of 20 m from the effluent discharge channel for a period of 5 days. The microbial community was dominated by chlorophyceae, followed by diatoms, cyanobacteria and ciliates. There was an increase in the abundance of different groups on the 1 PD sampling compared to BD. The zooplankton abundance was low in practically all sites, except for 30 PD sampling. The meso-zooplanktonic organisms were represented by copepods, mostly Acartia tonsa. Despite some effects on water quality and phytoplankton and protozooplankton abundance until 5 PD sampling, these alterations dissipated in a short period of time. We conclude that the environment quickly assimilated the effluents discharge, and the water quality parameters remained within the limits stipulated by standard guidelines.
Influence of alkali ions on the efficiency of shrinkage reduction by polypropylene glycol in alkali activated systems
Authors: Kalina Lukas , Bilek Vlastimil , Novotny Radoslav
Published: November 2017

Alkali-activated materials, especially when activated by water glass, exhibit substantial drying shrinkage that hinders their broader industrial application. The effect of shrinkage-reducing admixtures (SRA), based on polypropylene glycol, on drying shrinkage of alkali-activated blast furnace slag (BFS) mortars was examined. The determination of SRA efficiency and the influence of potassium alkali activators with varying silicate modulus on drying shrinkage characteristics were studied. It was observed that a high amount of alkalis positively affected the effect of SRA. The higher the amount of alkalis was, the lower was the drying shrinkage. The paper further discusses and underlines the role of the amount of alkali ions on the properties of alkali-activated BFS systems.
Performance assessment of flat slabs strengthened with a bonded reinforced-concrete overlay
Authors: Lapi Massimo , Fernandes Hugo , Orlando Maurizio , Ramos António , Lúcio Válter
Published: November 2017

Punching strengthening of reinforced-concrete slabs using a bonded reinforced-concrete overlay (BRCO) is an efficient alternative to traditional strengthening systems such as post-installed shear reinforcement, enlargement of the support column, or bonded fibre-reinforced polymer strips. The BRCO technique allows for both the flexural stiffness and shear strength of existing slabs to be increased. Shear strength increases due to the greater slab thickness, while an increase in flexural stiffness is also provided by the added reinforcement. Particular attention must be paid to the interface between the existing slab and the BRCO, because performance gains can only be achieved if the existing slab and the new concrete layer work monolithically. Interface performance can be improved through surface preparation and mechanical connectors; the latter is recommended to avoid premature debonding failure. This paper presents an ad hoc design approach for flat slabs strengthened with BRCO based on the critical shear crack theory, which accounts for slab rotation after strengthening. This is a fundamental parameter to assess the punching capacity of the strengthened slab. The efficiency of the proposed method is confirmed by the agreement between analytical results and experimental data collected during an experimental campaign carried out at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
Fluorescence microscopy of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - mCherry | Chlorophyll v1
Authors: Vitor Molino João
Published: November 2017

This protocol describe the steps to perform Chlamydomonas reinhardtii fluorescence microscopy.
Assessment for Learning in the Chinese Context: Prospective EFL Teachers’ Perceptions and Their Relations to Learning Approach
Authors: Gan Zhengdong , Liu Fulan , Yang Chi Cheung Ruby
Published: November 2017

This study examines how prospective EFL teachers conceive of assessment for learning (AfL) practices and how these perceptions relate to their learning approaches. The study evaluated, in three teacher training universities’ in China, 692 prospective EFL teachers’ responses to a self-report instrument regarding assessment for learning practices and students’ learning approach. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between their perceived AfL experience and their tendency to adopt an achieving or deep approach to learning. Results also reveal that a surface approach to learning was negatively correlated to AfL experience, suggesting that in the Chinese university environment, the more AfL features incorporated into the classroom teaching and assessment processes, the less likely students adopt a surface approach to learning. This study also provides evidence of the potential differences in students’ responses to AfL as a result of different institutional environments. Implications of the results for addressing potential barriers to implementation of AfL in the Chinese context are also discussed.
Project-based Learning Activities and EFL Students’ Productive Skills in English
Authors: Astawa Ni Luh Putu Ning Septyarini Putri , Artini Luh Putu , Nitiasih Putu Kerti
Published: November 2017

This article presents the results of a study on the effect of Project-Based Learning on students’ English Productive Skills and how the activities influence teaching and learning process in a public junior high school in Bali-Indonesia. This research applied an embedded mixed-method design in which the quantitative data were collected using speaking and writing tests, and the qualitative data were collected using interview guide, observation checklist, open-ended questionnaire, and field note. Paired-sample t-test was used to analyze whether or not there is a significant difference in students’ English productive skills before and after being taught using PBL; while the qualitative data were analyzed descriptively. The results of the analysis showed a significant effect of PBL on students’ English productive skills. From the part of the students, PBL was found to improve enthusiasm, confidence, creativity, self-directed learning and collaborative learning skills. On the part of the teacher, PBL promotes teaching motivation and satisfaction. This study recommends the implementation of PBL in EFL context, especially in an attempt to improve students’ ability to speak and write in English as a foreign language.
On the Cultivation of Students’ English Autonomous Learning Ability in Vocational Colleges in Leshan City, Sichuan, China
Authors: Zou Li
Published: November 2017

Autonomous learning plays a more and more important role in vocational colleges, especially in terms of English study. Only when the students master autonomous learning ability can they really learn actively in their whole life. Nevertheless, most students in vocational colleges lack this ability, which is caused not only by students’ lack of motivation, lack of proper learning strategies but also by teachers’ inappropriate teaching approaches as well as by the imperfect educational system. In order to cultivate the students’ autonomous learning ability, the writer carried out a research in Leshan Vocational and Technical College, analyzing the causes of the current situation and putting forward some suggestions to the students, the teachers and the educational departments.
Construction of ESP Teaching System
Authors: Gai Fangpeng
Published: November 2017

This article explores into the mode of fostering interdisciplinary talents’ practical English skills in the universities of science and engineering under the background of internationalization of higher education and economic globalization. On the basis of discussing the current situation of ESP teaching and the investigation of teaching demand, the author of this paper analyzes how to construct the ESP teaching system from the four aspects of teaching materials, teaching methods, teacher training and evaluation. The creation of personalized teaching materials and multiple activities can help all students enjoy the pleasure of learning and make students really feel the charm of English.
Cinética ruminal de forrageiras tropicais submetidas ou não a sistema de irrigação
Authors: Oliveira V. S. , Morais J. A. S. , Muniz E. N. , Fagundes J. L. , Lima I. G. S. , Santana J. S. , Santos C. B.
Published: November 2017

Avaliou-se a composição química e a cinética de fermentação ruminal de quatro espécies forrageiras submetidas ou não à irrigação. As espécies avaliadas foram Urochloa brizantha cv. MG5 (MG-5), Andropogon gayanus (Andropogon), Urochloa humidicola (Humidicola) e Digitaria umfolozi (Digitaria umfolozi). O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda experimental Campus Rural, São Cristóvão, SE. Observou-se diferença significativa (P
Efeitos da fosfatagem nos atributos químicos do solo e produção de cana-de-açúcar para forragem
Authors: Lisboa L. A. M. , Heinrichs R. , Figueiredo P. A. M.
Published: November 2017

O fósforo (P) é considerado um elemento essencial para o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, assumindo grande importância no enraizamento, no perfilhamento e na produção de forragem. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da fosfatagem em pré-plantio nos atributos químicos do solo e no desenvolvimento da cultura da cana-de-açúcar para produção de forragem foi realizado um experimento com a variedade RB 86 7515, junto à unidade produtora da Usina Santa Mercedes, Tupi Paulista, SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com 8 tratamentos e 4 repetições, totalizando 32 unidades experimentais, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, duas fontes de fósforo (fosfato decantado e fosfato de monoamônio) e quatro doses de fósforo (0; 80; 120; 160 kg/ha P2O5). As fontes e doses testadas de fósforo (P) aumenta a disponibilidade de P no solo, sendo a dose de 120 kg/ha P2O5 que apresenta maior produção de massa verde de forragem. A fonte fosfato monoamônico reduz o pH do solo e aumenta a disponibilidade dos micronutrientes como ferro, boro e zinco.
Qualidade da silagem de milho consorciado com gramíneas tropicais em diferentes espaçamentos
Authors: Ferreira J. P. , Andreotti M. , Pascoaloto I. M. , Costa N. R. , Augusto J. G.
Published: November 2017

A busca por alternativas ao pasto na pecuária tem focado em opções que permitam o uso maximizado do solo sem o esgotamento das qualidades químicas e físicas. O Sistema Integrado de Produção Agropecuária (SIPA) tem chamado a atenção dos produtores por ser econômica como ecologicamente viável. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar a influência de espaçamentos de semeadura do milho (0,45 e 0,90 m) em consórcios com forrageiras (capim Xaraés ou capim Tanzânia) na qualidade da silagem de milho de grãos úmidos. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em um fatorial 2 x 2 com oito repetições, composto pelos seguintes tratamentos: milho semeado a 0,45 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Xaraés; milho semeado a 0,90 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Xaraés; milho semeado a 0,45 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Tanzânia; e milho semeado a 0,90 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Tanzânia. A porcentagem de matéria seca e os teores de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e ácido, lignina, celulose, hemicelulose, cinzas, carboidratos solúveis e poder tampão foram determinados tanto no material antes da ensilagem como na silagem. Os teores de extrato etéreo, nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido e neutro, nitrogênio amoniacal, pH e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca foram determinados apenas na silagem. Todas as modalidade de consórcio estudado (forrageiras e espaçamentos) foram viáveis em proporcionar silagem de grãos úmidos de boa qualidade, embora o consórcio com capim Tanzânia em espaçamento de 0,90 m proporciou maior teor de extrato etéreo, menor teor de lignina e maior digestibilidade.
Thinking processes in the functional structure of intelligence
Authors: Selivanov V.V.
Published: November 2017

The study investigates the presence and peculiarities of mental processes functioning in the structure of the existing intelligence. We investigated the relationship of some parameters of intelligence and procedural characteristics of thinking during problem solving. The results of correlation and discriminant analysis showed that the thought processes is associated with components of intelligence in solving problems. It has been hypothesized that thinking and intelligence are of a similar functional structure, which includes thought processes.
The influence of inhibition of response on event-related potentials and reaction time in the STROOP task
Authors: Marakshina J.A. , Bespalov B.I. , Vartanov A.V.
Published: November 2017

We aimed to study the psychophysiological processes that cause a physiological and reaction time Stroop effect with and without inhibition of response on stimuli. Participants (n = 26) performed two Stroop tasks. The stimuli were Russian words «green» or «red» written in green or red font. In the first task participants had to recognize words by pressing different keys depending on the font color. In the second task they were asked to ignore the word «red» in red or green font and to press the different keys depending on the font color to the word «green». We recorded reaction time and event-related potentials (ERPs) to stimuli. As a result, we found a reaction time Stroop effect on the word «red» (the first task), the word «green» (the second task). The reaction time on the word «green» was greater at 113 ms in the second task comparing to the first task. The differences in the amplitude of the ERPs (P50, N100, P300) allow to localize the Stroop effect at the early and late latency and to indicate the distinctive psychophysiological processes involved in the task performance with and without inhibition of response.
Controversias jurídicas en Europa.
Authors: Jiménez William Guillermo
Published: November 2017

La creación de la Unión Europea estableció un sistema de derecho europeo que ha generado no pocos enfrentamientos con los sistemas jurídicos nacionales nacidos bajo el paradigma del Estado-nación. El presente artículo pretende realizar un análisis sobre la manera como se están resolviendo ciertos conflictos en los cuales están involucradas normas de derecho interno con normas de derecho comunitario europeo. Se emplea un método cualitativo, con técnicas de revisión documental, observación directa y comparación sobre fuentes primarias y secundarias; se seleccionaron 6 casos relevantes de países en donde se presentan disputas entre el derecho interno y el derecho europeo comunitario (Alemania, Francia, Austria, España e Italia). Las conclusiones señalan que el problema de la jerarquía se resuelve admitiendo al Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea TJUE como un tribunal de similar estatura que los tribunales nacionales; el derecho comunitario es tan vinculante como el derecho interno; las decisiones que emite el TJUE al conocer directamente los negocios son acatadas por los Estados miembros; los tribunales nacionales de la UE pueden emitir sus propias decisiones teniendo en cuenta las interpretaciones que el TJUE realice.
Violencia contra la mujer y respuesta punitiva.
Authors: Hernández Jiménez Norberto
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo de reflexión estudia la manera como el derecho castiga a los infractores de la ley penal cuando han cometido conductas punibles en contra de las mujeres. Para esto se contextualiza la teoría feminista y la consagración legal de los instrumentos que protegen los derechos de aquellas, finalizando con un estudio de casos, los cuales se encuentran relacionados con (i) el homicidio de Rosa Elvira Cely, antecedido por el acceso carnal violento y la tortura ejercida en su contra por parte de Javier Velasco, (ii) la violencia sexual perpetrada por el cónyuge o compañero permanente (en abstracto) y (iii) las “injurias por vía de hecho”, denominación está última como nuestra Corte Suprema de Justicia ha calificado la manipulación fugaz de las partes íntimas de la mujer.
¿Cómo establecer la jurisdicción y competencia en casos de internet?
Authors: Soler Pedroza Israel , Jiménez William Guillermo
Published: November 2017

El incremento de actividades y controversias judiciales en internet ha llamado la atención de académicos, abogados y empresarios acerca de la manera como se determina la jurisdicción debido a las características transnacionales del ciberespacio que riñen con los tradicionales diseños territoriales de las jurisdicciones nacionales. El objetivo del trabajo es establecer los criterios que están siendo usados por las cortes cuando han resuelto casos de internet tanto en sistemas del Common law como del Civil law. Se presenta la literatura y las reglas tradicionales offline que determinan la jurisdicción tradicional y se presentan casos seleccionados en el derecho internacional, los Estados Unidos, Europa y Colombia en un intento por establecer la manera como se está asignado la jurisdicción en internet. El método es cualitativo e inductivo, se usan fuentes primarias y secundarias y técnicas de revisión documental y observación directa. Los hallazgos señalan que las diferencias entre el Common law y el Civil law desaparecen cuando emergen nuevas reglas online para establecer la jurisdicción en internet; de otro lado, se constata un uso alternativo tanto de reglas online y de reglas offline, especialmente en USA y Europa; las controversias internacionales sugieren que las cortes han aplicado reglas tradicionales más que reglas online; finalmente, los casos colombianos muestran que la Corte Suprema de Justicia está aplicando un conjunto de criterios offline
Una mirada a nuestros posconflictos pasados y el que arriba
Authors: Bolívar Gómez Michael Yesid
Published: November 2017

El artículo trata la reconciliación política y el posconflicto, elementos que desde los tiempos de la naciente república ya se aplicaban como consecuencia de la multiplicidad de guerras civiles que vivió nuestra nación, en donde se tomaban medidas para contrarrestar los alzamientos de sus contradictores políticos y luego de ello se procedía a promulgar una constitución política que en su trasfondo se trataba de un documento contentivo de políticas de posconflicto, el cual buscaba reprimir las causas de la subversión y de esa manera superar ese periodo de guerras, proceso que se vivió con la Constitución de 1991, salvo algunos procedimientos especiales que cambiaron dicha tendencia. Posterior a esta carta constitucional los grupos armados al margen de la ley que no se hicieron parte de los proceso de negociación, sufrieron cambios significativos en las décadas siguientes, que a pesar de tener altas y bajas, terminaron por entablar las negociaciones con el gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos, llegando a tener unos acuerdos preliminares en materia de participación política, que a pesar de tener una gran importancia en los procesos de posconflicto, no cumple todas las expectativas, por lo cual hay que agregar una seria de medidas tendientes a inculcar la cultura de la paz en el corazón de los colombianos, para que una vez termine el conflicto, se den las condiciones para que tener una paz duradera, en la cual se puedan criar las futuras generaciones, constructoras de un nuevo país, unido con un mismo propósito.
Educación y violencia
Authors: Bocanegra Acosta Henry
Published: November 2017

Este artículo analiza la regulación jurídica en materia de mecanismos de protección de los docentes del sector oficial colombiano a partir de la consideración inicial de factores y circunstancias que afectan su seguridad, actividad profesional y la garantía de los derechos fundamentales a la vida, la libre asociación, la libertad de cátedra, entre otros. Diferentes expresiones de violencia en el contexto colombiano han perturbado el desempeño, tranquilidad y proyección profesional del docente y de la escuela; resulta valido como ejercicio académico avanzar en el análisis de los referentes jurídicos de la política pública de protección a los educadores del sector oficial, quienes enfrentan altos niveles de victimización dados los niveles de degradación de la violencia en Colombia. El problema de investigación que orientó las pesquisas y el proceso de síntesis teórica, se resume en dos interrogantes: ¿De qué manera la violencia ha sido un factor que afecta la actividad docente y sindical docente en Colombia? ¿Qué tipo de regulación jurídica se ha desarrollado para atender o mitigar los problemas de seguridad o amenaza a docentes en el marco de su actividad profesional y/o gremial? El estudio se desarrolló a partir de fuentes primarias y secundarias; siendo la entrevista semiestructurada y el análisis documental y de texto las técnicas desde las cuales se recopilo la información necesaria.
Cultura anti-constitucional y guerra en Colombia
Authors: Calle Meza Melba Luz
Published: November 2017

Este artículo analiza la regulación jurídica en materia de mecanismos de protección de los docentes del sector oficial colombiano a partir de la consideración inicial de factores y circunstancias que afectan su seguridad, actividad profesional y la garantía de los derechos fundamentales a la vida, la libre asociación, la libertad de cátedra, entre otros. Diferentes expresiones de violencia en el contexto colombiano han perturbado el desempeño, tranquilidad y proyección profesional del docente y de la escuela; resulta valido como ejercicio académico avanzar en el análisis de los referentes jurídicos de la política pública de protección a los educadores del sector oficial, quienes enfrentan altos niveles de victimización dados los niveles de degradación de la violencia en Colombia. El problema de investigación que orientó las pesquisas y el proceso de síntesis teórica, se resume en dos interrogantes: ¿De qué manera la violencia ha sido un factor que afecta la actividad docente y sindical docente en Colombia? ¿Qué tipo de regulación jurídica se ha desarrollado para atender o mitigar los problemas de seguridad o amenaza a docentes en el marco de su actividad profesional y/o gremial? El estudio se desarrolló a partir de fuentes primarias y secundarias; siendo la entrevista semiestructurada y el análisis documental y de texto las técnicas desde las cuales se recopilo la información necesaria.
Investigación, juzgamiento y sanción de los actos u omisiones que, en el momento de cometerse, fueran delictivos según los principios generales del derecho reconocidos por la comunidad internacional
Authors: Daza González Alfonso
Published: November 2017

Se analiza en este artículo la tensión que existe entre el denominado principio de legalidad rígido y el principio de legalidad flexible en la investigación, juzgamiento y sanción de los actos u omisiones que, en el momento de cometerse, fueran delictivos según los principios generales del derecho reconocidos por la comunidad internacional. Así mismo, se analiza la tensión que se presenta entre la prescripción y la imprescriptibilidad de la acción penal frente a la investigación de estos delitos.
El derecho humano a la educación como camino hacia la democracia y hacia el fin de la guerra
Authors: Calderón Paola Andrea
Published: November 2017

El Pensamiento Republicano Cívico plantea la posibilidad de recuperar la tradición helénica de transformar hombres en ciudadanos capaces de pensar, criticar, discernir, opinar y, especialmente, de participar en la vida pública, a través de la educación, la cual, integrada con la política y bajo la adecuada intervención del Estado, garantizaría y fortalecería la democracia y la construcción de la vida en comunidad, logrando el respeto y protección de los Derechos Humanos, evitando también que Estados de regímenes totalitarios limiten las capacidades de los ciudadanos. Dicha postura permite dilucidar la problemática presentada por el escaso desarrollo o ausencia de mecanismos de coercibilidad en el cumplimiento de los Tratados de Derechos Humanos en materia de educación, situación que, a su vez, imposibilita el acercamiento entre las agendas nacionales y las obligaciones internacionales y propicia la limitación de los individuos al acceso a la educación, convirtiéndose en un factor determinante para el terrorismo integrador en el mundo. Este pensamiento señala que es necesario el esfuerzo de los Estados para desarrollar, a partir de la premisa de una vulnerabilidad humana compartida, el afianzamiento del criterio de Universalidad de los Derechos Humanos, necesario para la búsqueda de la paz mundial, pues el avance hacia la Democracia es el compromiso en el cual la educación debe jugar el papel más importante.
Jurisdicción y competencia ante el Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias Relativas a Inversiones (CIADI)
Authors: Mora Méndez Jorge Andrés
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como fin delimitar los presupuestos procesales de las controversias que se adelantan ante el Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias Relativas a Inversiones. En este sentido, en primera instancia se explicará el concepto de presupuesto procesal, el cual adquiere un contenido especial en los conflictos de inversión. Posteriormente, se analizarán los presupuestos de manera puntual, como lo son la jurisdicción y competencia y, a partir de estos, la capacidad para ser parte, el consentimiento y la disputa legal relativa a inversiones. Finalmente, se señalarán unas breves conclusiones.
Más allá de los cupos y las instalaciones, el debate por la calidad de la educación básica y secundaria en Colombia 1821-1930
Authors: Bocanegra Acosta Henry , Torrejano Vargas Rodrigo
Published: November 2017

Este artículo tiene por objeto reflexionar acerca de la trayectoria general que siguió el discurso público y privado que identificó los factores tanto internos como externos que confluyeron en la falta de una educación básica/secundaria de calidad entre la formación de la Gran Colombia y la terminación del periodo de dominio conservador en 1930. Se describe y analiza la unidimensionalidad del discurso público durante el siglo XIX, centrado en la anacrónica permanencia del método de enseñanza memorístico en las aulas, frente a la multidimensionalidad del discurso privado del siglo XX, cuando se rescataron variables de índole médica y económica para explicar las raíces de este fenómeno.
Formulación de un paradigma para la investigación judicial
Authors: Restrepo Medina Manuel Alberto
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo se propone caracterizar un modelo para adelantar investigaciones judiciales, cuyo objeto sea la identificación de problemas en la prestación del servicio de administración de justicia y cuya finalidad se encamine a proponer soluciones a los actores que tienen la atribución de proponer reformas normativas y de conseguir y asignar los recursos para su implementación. Para este propósito, el artículo se ha dividido en dos partes: la primera constituye el marco conceptual que permite la formulación de la propuesta del modelo de investigación judicial aplicada; y la segunda parte del artículo comienza por una aproximación al tipo de saber científico que es el derecho, para, a partir de allí, y tomando posición por una de esas posturas epistemológicas, formular el paradigma que se propone para llevar a cabo la investigación judicial.
Perspectiva histórica de la Jurisdicción Administrativa en América Latina
Authors: Perlingeiro Ricardo
Published: November 2017

Desde el punto de vista de la influencia estadounidense, el texto analiza la historia de la jurisdicción administrativa, a partir del siglo XIX, de los 19 países latinoamericanos de origen ibérico (Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, República Dominicana, Uruguay y Venezuela). Examina su sistema judicial único y el due process of law procedimental y previo a las decisiones de la Administración, campo fértil de la primary jurisdiction, en pugna con la cultura europea continental arraigada en el derecho administrativo de América Latina. Al exponer las contradicciones de la jurisdicción administrativa en los países latinoamericanos, ocasionadas por la importación de reglas sin la debida contextualización, el texto busca identificar tendencias y avivar una perspectiva en cuanto a la construcción de un modelo propio de justicia administrativa en América Latina, valiéndose de la experiencia tanto estadounidense como de la Europa continental.
La dimensión Jurídica del Estado de Cosas Inconstitucional en el caso de las víctimas del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia
Authors: Cortes Sambrano Sonia Patricia
Published: November 2017

Se realiza un análisis del desplazamiento forzado como realidad del Estado colombiano como consecuencia del problema de la tierra, poniendo de manifiesto la precariedad del ejercicio del poder en cuanto al cumplimiento de los fines del Estado y la materialización o realización efectiva de los DDHH en Colombia. A su vez, se analiza la manera en la que el rol de la Corte Constitucional –en sus declaraciones de Estado de Cosas Inconstitucional–, hace visible el problema de las víctimas de desplazamiento forzado que superan los 59, 5 millones de desplazados (8, 3 millones más que en 2013, lo que equivale a la población de Italia o del Reino Unido), siendo Colombia el segundo drama humanitario más grande del mundo. Para finalizar, el documento examina la forma en que el poder vinculante de la Constitución tiene como norte la protección efectiva de derechos fundamentales y derechos humanos en Colombia
Giving Behavior in Turkey: Determinants of Individual Donations and Volunteering
Authors: Çarkoğlu Ali , Campbell David , Aytaç Selim Erdem
Published: November 2017

This paper shares the results of a recent study about the giving of donations or time (volunteering) among citizens of Turkey.  It examines the determinants of giving in light of recent research on this topic from other countries.  We find level of education and institutional trust to be positively associated with giving, particularly to civil society organizations.  In contrast to other studies, age is not associated with giving and men give at a higher rate than women.  We compare these results with research about giving behavior elsewhere.  