bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Agronomic Traits and Molecular Diversity Using SSR Markers in Soyabean, (Glycine Max (L.) Merr. Accessions in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Netra Hari , Dhakal Krishna Hari , Pandey Madhav Prasad , Joshi Bal Krishna , Khanal Bigyan
Published: October 2024

Soybean, (Glycine max (L.) Merr. is an important multipurpose pulse crop that provides edible oil and protein, and improves soil fertility. In spite of being rich in germplasms, the genetic diversity of soybean in Nepal is still underexplored. The purpose of this study is to examine the phenotypic and molecular diversity of soybean by utilizing morphological features in conjunction with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 150 soybean germplasms received from different sources were used for field study at DoAR, Dasharathpur; GLRP, Rampur, and NARC, Khumaltar in consecutive years 2019 and 2020 whereas 141 germplasms were used for molecular study with 30 SSR markers at NBTRC, Khumaltar. Genotypes differed in phenotypic traits, the expression of different agronomic traits and biomass are influenced by genetic differences. The SSR markers supported the presence of genetic diversity showing 124 alleles and 89.11% polymorphism, and an average PIC value of 0.795. Hierarchical clustering and principal coordinate analysis also supported the presence of genetic variation and relationship among the studied genotypes. This study offers insightful information for utilizing these germplasms in future crop improvement in Nepal.
Validation of Digital Soil Map in Maize Growing Areas of Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Ojha Roshan Babu , Khatri Krishna , Adhikari Parbati , Vista Shree Prasad , Sapkota Shishir
Published: October 2024

National Soil Science Research Centre of the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) with technical support from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center developed Digital Soil Map (DSM), a web-based information system, in 2020 using the legacy data with a geospatial model using a random forest machine learning prediction approach. The map generated with the model predicted values besides geo-referenced points that require further validation. Since DSM was launched, no work has been done to validate the map. We sampled 452 points from all municipalities of the Chitwan district using a gridded sampling approach to validate the existing predicted values of the DSM. We found that the observed values such as soil texture, soil organic matter, and total nitrogen content were similar to the range values of DSM. Still, a discrepancy was found between the available potassium and phosphorous. In the majority of areas, the observed value of available soil potassium (20 – 450 kg K ha-1 ± 15 kg K ha-1) was found lower compared to the DSM values (118 – 330 kg K ha-1), however, available phosphorous (55 – 230 kg P ha-1 ± 10 kg P ha-1) was found higher compared to DSM range values (11 – 139 kg P ha-1). The maize growing area of Chitwan was found suitable with soil pH (6.4 – 6.8) and other nutrients except for available soil potassium. Most of the areas from Eastern and Western Chitwan reported potassium mining, which needs to be considered in balancing nutrients in field crops.
Performance of Black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under Different Levels of Phosphorus at Bardiya, Nepal
Authors: Niraula Satya , Sharma Raksha
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2023 in Badhaiyatal Rural Municipality-7, Bardiya district to evaluate the performance of black gram at various levels of phosphorus. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisting of four treatments and five replications were used for the study. The treatments consisted of different levels of phosphorous viz. 0 Kg ha-1 (control), 20 Kg ha-1, 40 Kg ha-1 and 60 Kg ha-1. Black gram var. BLG 0093-1 was sown at spacing of 40 cm x 5 cm in the plots sized 8 m2. All the growth parameters and yield obtained from each treatment were compared at 5% level of significance. The results showed significantly greater number of branches (13.84), flower buds (11.33), root length (16.27 cm) and secondary roots (16.05) at 60 Kg phosphorus per ha followed by 40 Kg ha-1. However, plant height, pods per plant, seeds per pod, weight of pods per plant, biomass and grain yield showed non-significant results at similar levels of phosphorus (60 Kg ha-1). Though non-significant, higher number of fruiting branch, number of nodules, effective nodules, 1000 grain weight and harvest index were observed at 40 Kg ha-1 phosphorus. The findings suggested a gradual increase in the yield with increasing levels of phosphorus with the highest gross return from 60 Kg ha-1 phosphorus. However, since the variation in grain yield among the treatments was not significant, the cost involved with the 60 Kg ha-1 was greater as compared to 40 Kg ha-1 phosphorus, greater benefit was observed with the latter. So, on grounds of greater net return and better BC ratio, 40 Kg ha-1 phosphorus seems to be more profitable for the farmers.
Prevalence and Distribution of Rice Root Knot Nematode in Rice Nurseries in Chitwan and Lamjung Districts of Nepal
Authors: Tiwari Srijan , Manandhar Hira Kaji , Pandey Prem , Nath Shyam Sundar
Published: October 2024

To determine the natural infection of the rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola Golden & Brichfield) in rice nurseries, a survey was carried out in Chitwan and Lamjung in June and July of 2022. Rice nurseries were randomly selected based on geographical location, agro-ecological region, land type, cropping practice, and soil type. Forty rice nurseries were surveyed i.e. twenty from each district and 100 seedlings from each nursery as the sample for the study using the simple random method of sampling were evaluated. Field survey revealed that M. graminicola was widely distributed in most rice growing areas of Chitwan and Lamjung districts. Most of the rice nurseries in Lamjung district were found to be infested with M. graminicola as compared to that of the Chitwan district. Disease severity was reported up to 23.26% in Lamjung and 20.2% in Chitwan district. Additionally, the study showed that dry bed conditions were more likely to be affected by rice root-knot disease than wet bed conditions. The majority of farmers planted seedlings on upland (dry) soil, where second-stage juvenile (J2) populations and rice root-knot disease were more common. Most farmers (87.5%) have limited knowledge about rice root knot nematodes and their control methods. This suggested a significant loss in rice output and a high danger of nematode multiplication. This information will provide knowledge about the prevalence of nematode and enabling rice growers in this region to design and implement an appropriate control strategy for managing M. graminicola.
Response of Nepalese Rice Landraces to Brown Spot [Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker] at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Lamsal Rajan , Ghimire Surakshya , Yadav Ritesh , Manandhar Hira Kaji
Published: October 2024

Brown spot disease, caused by the fungus Bipolaris oryzae, is a common foliar affliction in rice plants, impacting agricultural yields worldwide. A field experiment was conducted to identify brown spot resistant landraces  at Rampur, Chitwan during June to November, 2018. A set of 54 rice genotypes comprising of 52 landraces and two checks (resistant and susceptible) were evaluated for resistance to the disease under field condition in alpha lattice design with three replicates. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values varied significantly among the genotypes. Of the tested 54 genotypes, nine genotypes were found moderately resistant, 38 genotypes susceptible and seven genotypes were found highly susceptible. The maximum incidence (64.9%) of pathogen was found in seed of Hodbachhi followed by Sankharika (64.15%). The minimum average incidence of pathogen was found in check Sabitri (4.05%), which was as par with other 28 genotypes. The yield attributing characters were highly significant among the genotypes. Highest grain yield (1.55 t ha-1) was obtained from Ghusara (1.51 t ha-1) followed by Lalbachhi. Lowest grain yield was obtained from Ghuyeni Saro (0.21 t ha-1) followed by Jaguli Mansuli (0.25 t ha-1). All the yield and yield attributing characters were negatively correlated with AUDPC. Seed-borne infection after harvest was highly significant among the genotypes. The results revealed that among the screened genotypes most of the landraces of rice are susceptible to brown spot.
Superior Buckwheat Genotypes for the River-Basin Areas of Sudurpaschim Province
Authors: Pokharel Bhanu Bhakta , Giri Rabin , Joshi Bishnu Prasad , Bhat Ram Bahadur , Joshi Dharmananda , Joshi Hari Prasad , Bista Ramesh , Joshi Yamuna
Published: October 2024

Buckwheat is considered one of the climates smart crops, and it can play a significant role in food security in Nepal's hills and mountainous regions. Field experiments were conducted to identify suitable buckwheat genotypes for general cultivation in the mid-hills of far-western Nepal. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in both years. The experiments were conducted in the research field of the Directorate of Agricultural Research, Sudurpaschim Province, Bhagetada, Doti, during the two consecutive winters of 2019 and 2020. Eleven elite buckwheat genotypes received from the Hill Crops Research Program, Kabre, Dolakha, Nepal, were evaluated. The only released variety of sweet-type buckwheat, Mithe Fapar-1, was used as a standard check. There was a significant difference among the genotypes in both years. In 2019, genotypes Acc#5670 (1390 kg ha-1), standard check - Mithe Fapar-1 (1250 kg ha-1), PL-30 (1240 kg ha-1), KLF-72-22-520 (1199 kg ha-1), and Acc#6529 (1190 kg ha-1) were identified as higher yielder. In 2020, Acc#5670 (1556 kg ha-1), GF-5283 (1,434 kg ha-1), Acc#2234 (1,399 kg ha-1), Acc#2213 (1361 kg ha-1), and Acc#6529 (1312 kg ha-1) were found superior among the tested genotypes. Likewise, combined over 2019 and 2020 data revealed that the genotypes Acc#5670 (1473 kg ha-1), Acc#2234 (1275 kg ha-1), Acc#2213 (1261 kg ha-1), Acc#6529 (1251 kg ha-1), and the genotype GF-5283 (1247 kg ha-1) were found, high yielder. Genotypes found superior in these field experiments are valuable resources for the buckwheat breeding program of Nepal (Hill Crops Research Program) and especially for the mid-hills of Sudurpaschim Province. The superior genotypes can further be evaluated to develop location-specific genotypes for the regions.
Crop Establishment Methods Affect Plant Stand and Yield of Lentil under Rice-lentil Cropping at Khumaltar Condition
Authors: Neupane Reshama , Bhattarai Rajendra Kumar , Gyawaly Pankaj , Chaulagain Bhimsen , Kaduwal Sangita , Karki Tika Bahadur , Das Soni Kumari
Published: October 2024

Lentil variety Maheswor Bharati was evaluated in three establishment methods: relay, conventional tillage after rice harvest (post-rice CT), seeding by seed drill where seeds covered by minimum soil disturbance in single pass, and two rice residue heights: residue removed i.e., straw cut at 5 cm height and 30 cm residue retained at Agronomy Farm, Khumaltar from 2016/17 to 2018/19. Experiments were conducted in Randomized Complete Block design with four replications. Seeds broadcasted on standing rice during 2-16 November for relay crop; and 21-29 November for post-rice CT. Seed rates were 40 kg ha-1 for machine and manual line sowing and 50 kg ha-1 for broadcasting. Rice was harvested at 14-18 days after lentil relay. Fertilizers were applied based on soil fertility of experimental field. Significant variation was observed in plant stand, crop duration, growth and yield parameters among establishment methods; and year to year variation was also significant except for plant stand. Plant stand was greater (58-62 m-2) in machine sowing with or without residue retention and manual line sowing in post-rice CT, while low (32-40 m-2) in broadcasting methods either as relay or post-rice CT. Crop grew tall in relay with residue retained and machine sowing (41 cm) as compared to broadcasting in post-rice CT (33 cm). Grain yield was 46-115% and 24-83% higher in seeding by machine as compared to relay sown without residue (492 kg ha-1) and broadcasting in post-rice CT (578 kg ha-1), respectively.
Improved Agronomic Practices on Enhancement of Quality Forage Production for Livestock Farming
Authors: Rai Sajana
Published: October 2024

The lack of nutrient-rich fodder and forage is one of the problems of livestock farming. Adequate tillage operations, timely and suitable water management, weed management, insect pests and disease management, fertilizer management, seeding at the proper time and seed rate, timely harvesting, and other agronomic techniques can all help to increase the nutritional content and yield of fodder and forage crops. A number of research and review papers have been systematically reviewed in this study. The use of tillage practices such as primary, secondary, conventional, and deep tillage enhances dry matter and yield of green fodder as compared to zero tillage. The organic matter (OM) content and dry matter (DM) of fodder crops are increased by regular and appropriate irrigation. The DMD (dry matter digestibility) and CP (crude protein) contents of early harvested forages are higher than those of late harvested forages. The application of nitrogen promotes crop development and growth, increasing the production of green fodder and improving its quality. Intercropping is essential for increasing the yield of fodder crops. Compared to sole cropping of maize and cowpea, the yield is found higher in intercropping of maize + cowpea. The production and quality of fodder are decreased by late seeding. The management of insect pests and diseases enhances the production and quality of fodder and forage. Thus, we draw the conclusion that fodder and forage crops production and their quality parameters are greatly influenced by agronomic practices.
Crop Biofortification of Finger Millet Through Agronomic Approaches to Enhance Bioactive Compounds for Human Health and Nutrition
Authors: Shrestha Jiban , Subedi Subash , Shrestha Suraj , Rai Sajana , Poudel Anju , Adhikari Srijana , Baral Pujan , Pandey Meena , Aryal Aarju , Kayastha Preeti , Limbu Anka Kumari , Dhami Arati , Karanjit Ritika
Published: October 2024

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is a gluten-free cereal crop widely grown in Africa and Asia, recognized for its rich bioactive compounds and health benefits. It contains high levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins with potent antioxidant properties, which help neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative damage. These compounds also have anti-inflammatory effects, potentially lowering the risk of chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, finger millet is a valuable source of essential minerals such as iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium, crucial for bone health, cognitive function, and body immune. Its high dietary fiber content aids gastrointestinal health, regulates blood sugar and reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity and heart disease. Finger millet is particularly high in essential amino acids, making it an excellent protein choice for vegetarians. Agronomic biofortification, which involves adding zinc, calcium, and iron to the soil and leaves of plants can increase the mineral content of the grain. This review investigates different approaches of agronomic biofortification of finger millet and explore the health and nutritional benefits of bioactive components with a focus on their role as a functional diet in the prevention and management of chronic diseases.
Hasan Ali Toptaş'ın Anlatısında Gerçek ve Kurgunun Birbirine Dolaşması: Kaybolmalar
Authors: Ordu Fatih
Published: October 2024

Kaybolma, arama, bulma gibi olgular hayatın temel karşılaşmalarındandır. Bazen bir korkuyu barındırdığı gibi bazen yeni bir başlangıca vesile olabilirler. Bu çeşitli imkânları sebebiyle kaybolmalar geçmişte mit, destan, masal gibi anlatılarda modern dönemlerde romanda çokça yer bulmuş bir konudur. Günümüz Türk edebiyatında kendine önemli bir yer edinen Hasan Ali Toptaş eserlerinde kaybolma konusuna sıkça yer vermiş bir sanatçıdır. Onun her romanında kaybolan bir kahramana rastlamak mümkündür. Toptaş kahramanın kaybolmasına, arayanların kaybolması, hikâyenin kaybolması, anlatıcının kaybolması gibi konuları da ekleyerek postmodern anlatının imkânlarını sonuna kadar kullanır. Belli bir neden taşımayan bu kaybolmalarda hayatın derin açmazlarına inen örtülü sorgulamalar vardır. Toptaş bu sorgulamalara felsefi bir yaklaşımdan ziyade toplumun meseleyi algılayışı ve kabullenişi üzerinden yaklaşır. Aynı zamanda edebiyatın dil ile yapıldığını bilen bir yazar olarak bütün sorgulamalarında dili önceler ve sorunları dilin imkânları içinde çözmeye çalışır. Özellikle de dil üzerindeki bu gayreti onu son dönem Türk edebiyatında yükselten en önemli unsur olmuştur. Kaybolmalar konusunda Toptaş’ın bütün eserlerini hareket noktası edinen bu çalışma iki kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Birinci kısımda kaybolmalar malzeme olarak ele alınmış ve yazarın eserlerindeki kaybolmalar tespit edilerek bir sınıflama yapılmıştır. İkinci kısımda malzemeden hareket ederek kaybolmaların Toptaş’ın kurmaca evrenindeki yeri ve kurgu sanatını inşasındaki yeri incelenmiştir.
Türk Romanında Bir Absürt Komedi Örneği: Leyla İle Mecnun
Authors: Eyan Bilginç
Published: October 2024

Burak Aksak tarafından yazılan ve 2018 yılında televizyon dizisinden uyarlama bir roman olarak yayımlanan Leyla ile Mecnun adlı eser, Türk romancılığında henüz nadir sayılabilecek ve tiyatroya nazaran daha seyrek karşılaşılan bir tür olan absürt komedi örneğidir. Dizide olduğu gibi romanda da Mecnun, Leyla, İskender, Ak Sakallı Dede, Yavuz, İsmail Abi ve Erdal Bakkal gibi bütün karakterler davranış, söylem ya da varlıksal açılardan absürt komediden çeşitli izler sunar ve absürt komedi tarzında kurgulanmış olan vakaların içinde kalırlar. Bu bağlamda söz konusu vaka ve karakterler, absürt komedinin eleştiri sunma ve belirtim sağlama özellikleri ile yoğrularak birçok durumu görünür kılmakta ve buna dayalı olarak çoğu zaman birer imge ve metafora dönüşmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türk romanında henüz örneği az olan absürt komedinin; işleniş biçimleri, anlatıya kattığı değer, üstlendiği rol ve sağladığı fonksiyonlar Leyla ile Mecnun romanı özelinde değerlendirilmiş ve elde edilen bulgular ışığında metin merkezli incelemeler yapılarak absürt komedinin sunduğu imkânlar somutlaştırılmıştır.
Türkçe Dil Bilgisinde Bir Muamma: Zarf
Authors: Karademir Fevzi
Published: October 2024

Türkçe dil bilgisinin hemen her alanında bir terim ve tasnif sorunun yaşandığı bilinen bir gerçektir. Aynı kavram için farklı terimlerin kullanılması veya aynı terime farklı anlamlar yüklenmesi, terimlerin kavramsal sınırlarının farklı genişlikte çizilmesi Türkçe dil bilgisi öğretiminin terim temelli başlıca sorunlarındandır. Dil bilgisindeki sorunlu terimlerden biri de hem söz(lük) bilimsel hem de söz dizimsel terim olarak kullanılan zarftır. Kavramsal sınırının yeterli netlikte çizilememesi, eklerin, yamak sözlerin, söz öbeği veya cümle kuruluşundaki çok bileşenli geçici söz dizimsel ifadelerin kalıcı söz(lük) birimlerle birlikte sözcük türü başlığında zarf terimiyle etiketlenmesi zarf teriminin başlıca sorunlu yanlarındandır. Bu çalışmada doküman analizi yoluyla elde edilen verilerden hareketle zikredilen sorun ele alınmış, sonuç olarak zarf kategorisinin fiili çeşitli açılardan sınırlayan, ona sorulacak birtakım zarflık sorulara doğrudan cevap verebilen sözlük birimlere hasredilmesinin; farklı türden çeşitli dil birimlerinin önüne ve sonuna gelen pekiştirici, vurgulayıcı unsurların, zarf değil, edat/ekedat sayılmasının; zarf tümlecini de kapsayan cümle ögeleri konusundaki karmaşayı önlemek için, tümleçlerle ilgili işlev esaslı bir terimlendirme yapılmasının gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır.
Education, Emigration, and Exile: Intersecting Paths of Alienation in George Lamming’s In The Castle of My Skin
Authors: Taş Mehmet Recep
Published: October 2024

George Lamming's In The Castle of My Skin offers a nuanced exploration of childhood in 1930s Barbados under colonial rule. The novel intricately navigates the theme of education as a double-edged sword. While it empowers G. with intellectual freedom and exposes him to a world beyond his village, it simultaneously unveils the stark inequalities and cultural clashes embedded within the colonial structure. This creates a sense of dissonance and isolation, positioning G. on the margins of both his traditional community and the dominant colonial elite. Furthermore, the ongoing emigration serves as a potent symbol of colonial dependence and cultural displacement. The protagonist witnesses fellow villagers departures. Each departure erodes the protagonist's sense of belonging, propelling him further into a liminal space between two worlds. Ultimately, G.'s alienation culminates in a profound internal exile, a state of psychological dislocation arising from his fractured identity. Building upon these insights, this paper delves into the protagonist's experience of alienation, arguing that it stems from societal forces like education, emigration, and exile. Through G.'s journey, Lamming portrays the struggles of a generation grappling with the legacies of colonialism, yearning for authentic belonging amidst the ruins of dispossession, and striving to redefine the notion of “home” within the constraints of their circumstances.
Radiation-Induced Hypothyroidism in Post-Mastectomy Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Harsh Satya Shankar , Vyas Ashwini , Kumar Rajesh , Lal Jakhar Shankar , Narayan Purohit Bhuvanesh , Kumar H. S.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Our study aims to assess the incidence of radiotherapy-induced hypothyroidism in breast cancer patients and correlate it with the mean dose to the thyroid.
Method: Out of 75 patients, who were treated under 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy field in field {3D CRT(FiF)} by conventional Radiotherapy to post-modified radical mastectomy (MRM) chest wall, a dosing regimen of 200cGy per fraction for a total 5000cGy at our center in the year 2016, 63 patients were randomized and investigated. All patients were treated by Linear accelerator, varian, with the Eclipse version 13.6 treatment planning system. All information on radiotherapy used for each patient was extracted from the Eclipse treatment planning system. All patients were followed up for 7 years after Radiotherapy. TSH and freeT4 levels were measured. The Chi-square test was used to compare the outcome of the disease in terms of nominal and rank qualitative variables. Student t-test was used to compare in terms of quantitative variables.
Result: After 7 years since the radiotherapy, according to the results, a total of 10 out of 63, {15.87% (P = 0.008)} of patients had hypothyroidism, of which 11.11% (7 out of 63) were clinical, and 4.76% (3 out of 63) were subclinical. Dmean > 21 Gy compared with Dmean ≤ 21 Gy was associated with a significantly higher incidence of radiation-induced hypothyroidism (RHT) at 7 years after radiotherapy (3.17% vs. 12.7%, P<0.001).
Conclusion: We recommend that the Dmean of the thyroid should be kept lower than 21Gy for post-modified radical mastectomy radiotherapy to decrease the incidence of radiation-induced hypothyroidism. Further investigations in larger cohorts are required to confirm our results.
Transfusion Practice Patterns in Cancer Patients with Anemia: A Retrospective Study from a Single Oncology Center in Najran, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Badheeb Ahmed , Alotaibi Bandar , Aman Abdelaziz , Seada Islam , Abubakar Abdullah , Alkarak Samer , Alramahi Mohammed , Bazuqamah Mohammed , Garbo Ali , Mohammed Mahran , Idris Ammar , Nagi Nadeem , Ahmed Faisal , Badheeb Mohamed , Obied Hamoud
Published: October 2024

Background: Recent studies support the safety of restrictive pretransfusion hemoglobulin thresholds (≤7-8 g/dL) for adult cancer patients on chemotherapy. However, the restrictive transfusion strategies role in decreasing inappropriate red blood cell (RBC) transfusion practice in Saudi Arabia is not yet understood. This study aims to evaluate transfusion practices among oncologic patients at Najran Oncologic Center, Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review study between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022, involving 59 adult cancer patients presented to King Khaled Hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Clinical variables for prescribing RBC transfusions based on liberal (> 7 g/dL) or restricted (Hb < 7 g/dL) baseline hemoglobin levels and number of transfused RBCs were investigated in univariate analysis.
Results: The mean age was 65.0 ±10.2 years, and most cases were male (n=40, 67.8%). The common primary tumor location was colorectal cancers (n=27, 45.8%), and most cases were in metastatic stages (n=44, 74.6%). The majority of cases (n=36, 61.0%) had severe anemia (Hb < 7 g/dL) at admission. The mean number of RBC units received was 4.9 ±2.4 RBC. Variables associated with restricted prescribing RBC transfusions were male gender (OR: 3.21; 95% CI: 1.05-10.33, p= 0.044), high ECOG-PS status (OR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.01-9.03, p=0.048), cardiac disease history (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 0.69-6.44, p= 0.009), and platinum-based chemotherapy (OR: 233.33; 95% CI: 33.12-5054.45, p <0.001). However, survival status was higher among patients with restrictive strategy (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.08-0.73, p= 0.025). Factors associated with an increased number of transfused RBCs were male gender (OR:1.43; 95% CI: 1.07-1.93, p= 0.012), platinum-based chemotherapy (OR:1.55; 95% CI: 1.18-2.15, p= 0.004), history of bleeding (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.02-1.73, p= 0.032), and history of cardiac disease (OR: 1.31 (1.02-1.73; p= 0.002).
Conclusion: The study concluded that factors like male gender, platinum-based chemotherapy, bleeding history, and concurrent cardiac disease were associated with an increased number of RBC transfusions. In addition to that, we found a clear adherence to the clinical practice guidelines among the transfused patients. The study suggests an etiology-based approach to cancer-related anemia and transfusions, enabling clinicians to plan safe, targeted therapy and improve patients’ quality of life by synchronizing chemotherapy efficacy.
Adrenal Myelolipoma with Synchronous Ipsilateral Clear Cell Type Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Sharma Mahamaya , Ahsan Neda
Published: October 2024

Adrenal myelolipomas, typically benign and nonfunctional, are uncommon tumors found incidentally in the adrenal gland, unlike the more prevalent renal cell carcinoma in the kidney. The occurrence of synchronous renal cell carcinoma with adrenal myelolipomas is exceptionally rare, with only a few sporadic case reports documented in the literature spanning over six decades. Here, we present a case of a 67-year-old obese male who complained of colicky left upper abdominal pain, accompanied by a significant medical history of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Ultrasonography revealed a large space-occupying lesion in the middle pole of the left kidney. Subsequently, left radical nephrectomy and adrenalectomy were performed, and the specimens were sent for histopathological examination, confirming the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma with synchronous renal cell carcinoma
Model Regresi Cox Proportional Hazard dengan Penaksiran Parameter Efron Partial Likelihood
Authors: Nur St. Husnah , Hikmah Hikmah , Rahmawati Rahmawati
Published: October 2024

Penyakit Tuberkulosis (TBC) masih menjadi salah satu penyakit menular yang paling mematikan di dunia dan Indonesia termasuk delapan negara yang menyumbangkan 2/3 kasus TBC di seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi lama perawatan pasien penderita tuberkulosis, dan mendapatkan model regresi Cox Proportional Hazard dengan Penaksiran Parameter Efron Partial Likelihood. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode Efron Partial Likelihood pada data lama perawatan pasien penderita tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Banggae I, Majene tahun 2017-2022. Penelitian ini memiliki 5 variabel bebas yaitu: jenis kelamin, umur, riwayat penyakit, pemeriksaan dahak dan alamat domisili. Penaksiran parameter pada model terbaik dinyatakan oleh nilai AIC yang paling kecil yaitu 1409,283. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, pemeriksaan dahak berpengaruh secara signifikan pada data lama perawatan pasien penderita tuberkulosis. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap pasien yang terdeteksi adanya bakteri disaluran pernafasan yang dikategorikan positif akan mengalami peningkatan 1,474 kali dari pada kategori negatif terhadap lama perawatan pasien penderita tuberkulosis.
O możliwości zastosowania wybranych narzędzi etnolingwistyki w analizie tekstu prawnego
Authors: Pieprzyca Piotr
Published: October 2024

W niniejszym artykule autor rozważa możliwość zastosowania kilku wybranych narzędzi etnolingwistycznych w badaniach tekstów prawnych. Zaproponowana metoda ma umożliwić wydobycie społecznie wyznawanych wartości, które są w nich zakodowane. Akt normatywny tworzy prawnotekstowy obraz świata, czyli zespół sądów odnoszących się do norm i reguł postępowania w danym społeczeństwie, o charakterze antropocentrycznym, widziany z perspektywy prawodawcy. Zawarta w tekstach prawnych interpretacja pojęć mających istotne znaczenie prawne możliwa jest do ustalenia poprzez sformułowanie definicji prawnokognitywnej, obejmującej charakterystykę danego pojęcia i związane z tym reguły postępowania. Jej podstawową fasetą, wynikającą z funkcji tekstu prawnego jest deontyczność, czyli odnoszące się do pojęcia nakazy, zakazy i dozwolenia. Integralnymi składnikami tej definicji są stereotypy prawnojęzykowe, stanowiące konwencjonalne wyobrażenie przedmiotu w tekście prawnym. Stereotypy te mają charakter obrazów, wzorów i wyobrażeń ideologicznych; odmiany te mogą również współwystępować ze sobą. Ustalenie treści stereotypów prawnojęzykowych odbywa się poprzez całościową analizę aktu normatywnego, z uwzględnieniem wszelkiego rodzaju przepisów prawnych, odnoszących się do danego pojęcia.
Wizje pierwszego kontaktu w perspektywie komunikacyjnej (przypadek Ślepowidzenia Petera Wattsa oraz Historii twojego życia Teda Chianga)
Authors: Przytuła Piotr
Published: October 2024

Motyw pierwszego kontaktu jest jednym z najpowszechniejszych tematów fantastyki naukowej. Sytuacja spotkania człowieka z przedstawicielami obcej cywilizacji, choć często przedstawiana w sposób zbanalizowany, dla wielu autorów stanowi pretekst do refleksji filozoficznej na temat miejsca człowieka we Wszechświecie, jego zdolności komunikacyjnych i granic poznania. Dominujący w kulturowych przedstawieniach pierwszego kontaktu fatalizm dotyczący braku możliwości porozumienia się z Obcym w szczególny sposób zaznacza się w prozie Stanisława Lema. W takich dziełach, jak Fiasko, Głos Pana czy Solaris, człowiek zderzony zostaje z całkowitą obcością i skazany na komunikacyjne niepowodzenie. Celem artykułu jest analiza sytuacji komunikacyjnej w wybranych tekstach fantastycznonaukowych – powieści Ślepowidzenie Petera Wattsa i opowiadaniu Historia twojego życia Teda Chianga. Obaj autorzy problematyzują pierwszy kontakt pod względem językowym i komunikacyjnym. Watts podejmuje problem istotności samoświadomości w procesie skutecznej komunikacji, sięgając w tym celu po argument chińskiego pokoju. Chiang natomiast wykorzystuje teorię relatywizmu językowego (hipoteza Sapira-Whorfa), mówiącą o tym, że język, którym się posługujemy, wpływa na nasze postrzeganie rzeczywistości.
Das Konzept der Liebe in Frauenliteratur des Fin de siècle (1890–1920) Franziska zu Reventlow und Grazia Deledda
Authors: Juster Alexandra
Published: October 2024

Immer noch dominiert in der Literatur der männliche Blick auf Liebe. Dieser Dominanz soll durch den vorliegenden Beitrag anhand der Untersuchung des weiblichen Liebesdiskurses der Fin de siècle Epoche anhand der Beispiele der Briefnovelle Von Paul zu Pedro (1912) von Franziska zu Rewentlov sowie des Romans Marianna Sirca (1915) von Grazia Deledda entgegengewirkt werden. Während bei zu Rewentlov Luhmanns kodierter Liebesdiskurs als amour-plaisir durchbricht, knüpft Deledda an Julia Kristevas Theorie der Subjektivität und an Roland Barthes’ Einwegigkeit des versprachlichten Liebesdiskurses an. Eine kurze Einführung in das literarische weibliche Schaffen in den Jahren 1888–1920 als beginnender Akt der sexuellen Emanzipation der Frau vermittelt die literarische Epoche, in die Von Paul zu Pedro und Marianna Sirca zu verorten sind. Wenn auch das Anliegen der weiblichen Selbstbestimmung im Liebesleben beiden Autorinnen gemeinsam ist, so divergieren dennoch ihre Auffassungen von Liebe: Zu Reventlow tritt für die freie Wahl der Frau von Art und Zweck der Liebesbeziehung ein, Deledda fordert die freie Wahl des Ehemannes, losgelöst von sozialen Konventionen, ohne jedoch das traditionelle romantische Liebesmuster der Frau als Gattin und Mutter in Frage zu stellen.
Utalentowana epistolografka czasów saskich – Konstancja z Gnińskich Czapska (rekonesans)
Authors: Maciejewska Iwona
Published: October 2024

This article is an introductory characterisation of an extensive collection of letters written in the first half of the 18th century by the Konstancja née Gnińska, wife of a Pomeranian Voivode Piotr Jan Czapski, a woman involved in great politics but also in complicated family business. The surviving sources provide an interesting example of epistolography of the period, when more and more women of noble and magnate origin reached for the pen to express their thoughts, emotions, and expectations in various forms of writing. Often educated by home teachers or at the few monastic boarding schools, they were aware of the conventions of genre on the one hand, and on the other were able to break them, introducing their own individual touch, provided they were gifted with talent. The article shows the cultural, linguistic and stylistic richness of the letters of Konstancja Czapska, who was undoubtedly one of the most interesting correspondents of the late Baroque.
Temat mody w prozie emigracyjnej Nadieżdy Teffi
Authors: Ndiaye Iwona Anna
Published: October 2024

The author focuses on the topic of fashion in Nadezhda Teffi’s work, a Russian writer who spent over thirty years in exile in France. An attempt to determine the function of “fashionable things” and the importance of fashion in constructing the presented world was made based on the analysis of short stories, tales and columns collected in emigration collections published from 1920–1952. Teffi's “costume code” includes all categories of clothing, footwear, accessories and jewellery that give an idea of the typical children's, men's and women's fashion of the last century. Clothing details play an important role in the structure of the presented world, fulfilling numerous functions: characterological, psychological and symbolic. Based on Teffi's texts, we can conclude what was considered particularly fashionable at that time, and also study the canons of beauty. Fashionable accessories, as an important part of the objective world of the writer's emigrant prose, are an integral part of expressing the characters’ individuality, indicating their origin, gender, and age, as well as their internal experiences and emotional state. At the same time, it also describes the cultural and historical background.
Heroines of Dune (based on the novel by Frank Herbert and the film directed by Denis Villeneuve)
Authors: Przytuła Piotr
Published: October 2024

In Dune, Frank Herbert portrayed strong female characters who have a significant impact on the events presented in the novel. The power of femininity is manifested by, for example, members of the influential Bene Gesserit order who are implementing a long-term eugenics plan aimed at creating the Kwisatz Haderach - a man capable of controlling higher-order dimensions. The film, directed by Denis Villeneuve, reinforces the book's feminist message through visuals, dialogues and plot changes. For example, to eliminate the disproportion between the number of women and men in Dune, the director replaced doctor Liet-Kynes, who is a man in the book, with a female character.
Obraz regionu w opowiadaniach gwarowych Klemensa Frenszkowskiego. Wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Lewandowska Izabela , Szydłowska Joanna
Published: October 2024

The aim of this article is to restore to public memory the literary output of Klemens Frenszkowski as the author of stories in the Warmian dialect prepared for publication. The analytical material consists of 24 stories of various genre provenance, the content of which concerns the everyday life of Warmians at the threshold of the 20th century. Problematisation distinguished three scopes. The social and family context involves the reconstruction of the author's biography on the basis of historical sources and literary texts. The cultural context concerns the realities of everyday life, fragments of customs and beliefs practised by the Warmian characters. The political-military context concerns the realities of public life (military service and politics).
Jan Kaczyński. Nauczyciel, literaturoznawca, humanista, bibliofil
Authors: Igliński Grzegorz
Published: October 2024

Jan Kaczyński. Nauczyciel, literaturoznawca, humanista, bibliofil
Laughter in Life-Threatening Situations: Reflections on Roberto Benigni’s Film "Life is Beautiful"
Authors: Szwarc-Zając Anna
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on Roberto Benigni's film, Life is Beautiful and analyses the film's unique combination of comedy and drama which evokes intense emotions and prompts reflection on human existence in the face of incomprehensible suffering. This culturally and historically significant film has gained prominence in world cinema, becoming an important work of cinematic art. The article demonstrates how the director's approach to depicting the Holocaust through humour and love provokes debate about the role of cinematic art in portraying difficult themes. Despite the controversy, Life is Beautiful is an undeniable testament to human endurance and strength of spirit, reminding us that sparks of hope and beauty can be found even in the darkest moments. The humour in the film acts as a soothing element that offsets the weight of the difficult topic, while emphasising that laughter can be a form of resistance to suffering.
“Image of the author” – Maria Komornicka/Piotr Odmieniec Włast— in Xięga poezji idyllicznej [The Book of Idyllic Poetry]
Authors: Stelingowska Barbara
Published: October 2024

The article is an attempt to reconstruct the “image of the author” perceived as a cognitive category. It is based on the interpretation of Maria Komornicka's Xięga poezji idyllicznej, the last work of the modernist poet's life. The image of the speaking subject that emerges from the texts is undefined and ambiguous. It takes on a mask, shapes and processes, constantly waiting for a change. It assumes a confessional role and becomes a source of finding the identity of Maria Komornicka/Piotr Odmieniec Włast.
Spotkanie z Psyche. Nowela "Faun" Ignacego Nikorowicza wobec antycznej tradycji (Apulejusz z Madaury) i młodopolskiej konwencji (Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer)
Authors: Igliński Grzegorz
Published: October 2024

Przedmiotem pracy jest jeden z nowelistycznych utworów Ignacego Nikorowicza, dziennikarza, dramatopisarza, prozaika i poety pochodzenia ormiańskiego, żyjącego w latach 1866–1951. Pragnąc przybliżyć światopogląd i wyobraźnię artystyczną tego zapomnianego pisarza, poddana została analizie i interpretacji miniatura pod tytułem "Faun" (prwdr. 1903), utrzymana w stylu charakterystycznym dla prozy poetyckiej. Tekst rozpatrywany jest w kontekście opowieści o Amorze i Psyche zawartej w "Metamorfozach" Apulejusza oraz na tle panującej w literaturze i sztuce przełomu XIX i XX wieku mody na postacie koźlonogich bożków (bożek Pan, faun, satyr). Uwzględniono również biografię twórcy. W dalszej części rozważań następuje porównanie utworu Nikorowicza z wierszem Kazimierza Przerwy-Tetmajera "Szalony Faun", prawdopodobnym źródłem inspiracji.
Przedstawione w noweli Nikorowicza spotkanie fauna z Psyche można interpretować jako spotkanie z samym sobą, z własną duszą. Bohater poddany zostaje skutecznej terapii, pozwalającej mu zobaczyć coś, czego wcześniej w sobie nie dostrzegał – pragnienie dobra i piękna. Ulega mocy miłości duchowej i ze stworzenia podporządkowanego wyłącznie żądzy seksualnej staje się człowiekiem, skupiającym w sobie życiowe sprzeczności – smutek i radość, rozum i uczucie.
“The Beads” by Maria Wirtemberska – an interperiodic comedy of consolation
Authors: Biedrzycka Marta
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the one-act comedy The Beads by Maria Wirtemberska, which remains in manuscript. The subject of the paper is an attempt to situate the duchess's work in the panorama of creative tendencies of the time, with particular attention to the circumstances of the text's creation, the types of Enlightenment comedies, as well as the culture of the théâtre de société and masquerades. In addition, the affiliation of The Beads to sentimental and romantic literature is considered, thus highlighting the problem of the drama's positioning in relation to literary movements and periods.
Historical, patriotic and regional education and intercultural tolerance in Stanisław Jędryka’s film "Zielone lata"
Authors: Uljasz Adrian
Published: October 2024

Tematem artykułu jest wartość filmu Stanisława Jędryki  Zielone lata z punktu widzenia nauki tolerancji międzykulturowej oraz edukacji historyczno-kulturalnej i regionalnej.  Wydarzenia filmowe rozgrywają się w rodzinnym mieście reżysera – Sosnowcu w Zagłębiu Dąbrowskim krótko przed wybuchem II wojny  światowej  i w czasie niemieckiej okupacji. Autor artykułu uzasadnia tezę o dużej, ponadczasowej wartości filmu Zielone lata z punktu widzenia edukacji historyczno-patriotycznej i regionalnej oraz nauki tolerancji międzykulturowej.                                
Zielone lata to adaptacja powieści Jerzego Przeździeckiego Troje znad czarnej rzeki (pierwodruk - Warszawa 1975). Twórca pierwowzoru książkowego jest autorem scenariusza filmu. 
Jędryka ukazał przyjaźń między trójką dzieci: Polakiem Wojtkiem Lewińskim, Żydem Abramkiem Rotbaumem i Niemką Erną König, Przekaz wychowawczy dotyczy potrzeby wzajemnej tolerancji etnicznej. W czasie okupacji Wojtek i Erna ratują Abramka przed Zagładą.
Autor artykułu zwraca uwagę na stałą aktualność dzieła Jędryki i Przeździeckiego oraz jego wartości kształcące i wychowawcze na podstawie własnej analizy filmu, studiów nad wypowiedziami prasowymi, literaturą naukową i popularyzatorską, a także odbiorem Zielonych lat wśród widzów. Wysoka wartość artystyczna oraz ideowa filmu i jego dobry odbiór przez publiczność są potwierdzeniem słuszności wstępnej tezy badawczej. W pracy nad artykułem zostały zastosowane metoda biograficzna, analiza treści filmu i jego formy artystycznej, przeprowadzono badania medioznawcze – nad publikacjami prasowymi oraz wypowiedziami i ocenami internetowymi o Zielonych latach.
Febronia Sikora i jej życie na Warmii
Authors: Kowalczyk-Wesołowska Sabina
Published: October 2024

The main objective of the paper is to portray Febronia Kornelia Sikora (1904–1994) – coming from Pomerania, forgotten activist and teacher. She operated in Warmia in the prewar years with her husband Konrad Sikora (teacher from Polish schools in Wymój and Jaroty). The Sikorowa’s manuscript – Wspomnienia z Warmii rok 1930–1939 [Memories from Warmia year 1930–1939] is a basic research material in following article. Based on this text as well as other found documents the Warmian stage of Sikorowa’s life was reconstructed. Educational and cultural work of this women was characterized. The article discusses also her observations of Warmian culture and of announcements of World War II.
Axiological Centre and Aesthetic Periphery in Henryk Bereza’s Literary Criticism
Authors: Pawłowski Tomasz
Published: October 2024

The text examines various insights found in the reception of Henryk Bereza’s criticism. Among other things, his commentators emphasised the coherent and essentially invariable system of values on which his appraisals were founded. The article sets out to identify and elaborate on those hypotheses. The author attempts to determine which value was central to Bereza’s criticism and, based on the analysis of sample reviews and sketches, demonstrate how the aforementioned central value informed specific peripheral values and how it bore on Bereza’s critical verdicts. As it turns out, the fundamental value that the critic sought in prose was the subjective and unique truth of the subject, i.e. the artistic record of the writer’s existential experience. The assessment criteria that enabled Bereza to ascertain whether the truth of the subject had been captured in a given work were formulated a posteriori, as the critic intuitively verified the formal means chosen by authors for consistency with their goals.
Stanisława de Karłowska and Katherine Mansfield – an (un)obvious connection
Authors: Kwiatkowska Anna
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on the links between the life and work of a Polish emigree artist, Stanisława de Karłowska (1876–1952) and the New Zealand modernist writer, Katherine Mansfield (1888–1923). Both women, despite their unquestionable artistic merits, have stayed at the margins of critical attention for quite some time. Nevertheless, while Mansfield has been finally recognized as an innovator and one of the greatest short story writers,  Karłowska is still relatively unknown, especially in Poland where her paintings can be found merely in private collections. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to bring the work of Karłowska to the attention of the reader. By presenting her paintings against and in relation to the work of the New Zealand Modernist writer, I want, among others, to demonstrate how much the two women share in terms of their engagement and presence in Modernist artistic life, which in itself is an indicator of their importance and recognition, as well as to point out that the voice of the painter in relation to social criticism was as important as the voice of the writer. In the article, two of Karłowska’s paintings are discussed against the social background and  a selection of Mansfield’s short stories.