bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extending Democracy: Railway Workers and the Popular Front in France, 1936–1938
Authors: Beaumont Thomas
Published: June 2014

French railway workers played no part in the historic Popular Front strikes and workplace occupations of May–June 1936. Yet, in November 1938, this group of workers placed themselves in the vanguard of attempts to defend the social legislation passed by the Blum government. Both events have been analysed as evidence of the reformist aims and materialist calculations of French railway workers in the interwar period. Following the failure of the 1920 general strike, railway workers are understood to have renounced political militancy, embracing a narrow corporatist vision of industrial relations. Their attempted participation in the 30 November 1938 general strike has been similarly read as a defence of material interests. In contrast to such views this article argues that railway trade unionism in the Popular Front period built upon well-developed communist policies emphasizing workplace dignity and the extension of worker power within both the railway industry and capitalism more widely. Rather than pursuing purely materialist calculations, union policy sought to defend a vision for French industrial relations predicated upon shared responsibility and partnership between management and labour in economic decision making. Such an analysis raises questions regarding the wider meaning of the Popular Front for French workers and its longer-term significance in contemporary French history.
POW ‘Holiday Camps’ in the Third Reich
Authors: Monteath Peter
Published: June 2014

Among the vast network of POW camps established in Germany during the Second World War were two quite extraordinary camps known as holiday camps, Ferienlager. One of them was for Other Ranks and was located in Genshagen just outside Berlin; the other, for officers, was in Steinburg in Bavaria. This article investigates the origins and development of these camps, which offered their prisoners short-term respite from the rigours of life in work detachments or from the tedium of POW life. It uses the history of these camps, established and run solely for British and Commonwealth POWs, to consider the place of Britain in German strategic thinking during the war. Beyond that, it relates the history of the camps to the changing dynamics of the Third Reich and its ‘polycratic’ power structures, in particular the competition among the security agencies, the Wehrmacht, and the German Foreign Office for influence in POW matters. Finally, the article seeks to assess the role of the camps in German efforts to win British POWs for the anti-Bolshevik cause, and it offers explanations for the failure to achieve that goal.
Who supports redistributive policies in contemporary Japan? An integrative approach to self-interest and trust models
Authors: Nagayoshi Kikuko , Sato Yoshimichi
Published: June 2014

This article investigates determinants of support for redistributive policies by taking an integrative approach with two main models that explain welfare attitudes: a self-interest model and a trust model. While the former focuses on effects of social positions and the latter focuses on effects of trust, there might be interactive effects between these two factors. The authors focus on three types of trust – generalized trust, primordial trust, and trust in institutions – and analyze how trust intervenes in effects of self-interest. They analyze data from a public opinion survey conducted in Japan, and present the results. Whereas generalized trust and trust in institutions alleviate effects of self-interest, primordial trust strengthens them. Furthermore, generalized trust increases support for selective redistributive policies regardless of one’s socio-economic status. These results prove that trust works differently according to one’s socio-economic position and that the three types of trust play different roles in support for redistribution policies.
The effects of Internet use on adolescents’ first romantic and sexual relationships in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Simon , (Kuo-Hsun) Ma Josef , Missari Stacy
Published: June 2014

Internet use and digital networking are increasingly an integral part of adolescents’ social lives. This study examines the influences of Internet use in Taiwan on two important adolescent social behaviors: first romantic relationship and sexual debut. Using data from the Taiwan Youth Project (TYP), 2000–2009, the results of event history analyses suggest that adolescents’ Internet use for educational purposes reduces the rates of having a first romantic relationship and a sexual debut in adolescence, whereas using the Internet for social networking, visiting internet cafés, and surfing pornographic websites increase the rates. There are gender differences in the effects of these Internet activities on adolescents’ intimate experiences. Logistic analyses further show that Internet activities also affect the likelihood of whether adolescents have a sexual debut before a first romantic relationship. The implications of these findings are discussed in the conclusion.
Internationalization of Japanese sociology
Authors: Yazawa Shujiro
Published: June 2014

This article tries to answer two questions: Why has Japanese sociology been so little known in the world? How do we internationalize Japanese sociology? The first point which this article raises is that Japan and Japanese sociology tend to presuppose two dichotomies: premodern–modern and particularism–universalism. Therefore Japan and Japanese sociology tend to understand Japan as unique and deviating from the West. The second point this article deals with is that Japanese sociologists are doing ‘homolingual address’ rather than ‘heterolingual address’. The article shows that reflexive endless translation is necessary for all of us, not only for Japanese sociologists but also sociologists all over the world. In this context, the article stresses the importance of Gerard Delanty’s analysis of the relationship between cultural translation and modernity. His analysis can explain how modernity becomes a form of culture and the West will lose its monopoly of universality. The last part of this article shows that sociology in Japan is intensifying the internationalization of its products, especially since the 1990s.
The Impact of Challenging Behavior on Families
Authors: Doubet Sharon L. , Ostrosky Michaelene M.
Published: June 2014

This qualitative study highlights the experiences of seven parents of preschoolers who engaged in persistent challenging behaviors. The study included an in-depth interview with each parent, member checking, and a follow-up discussion with each participant to clarify any ambiguous participant comments. Results revealed four major themes regarding the impact of challenging behavior on families: (a) choosing activities, (b) siblings, (c) stress, and (d) questioning parenting competency. Future research ideas and implications for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers who work with or on behalf of young children with challenging behaviors are discussed.
Promoting a reading culture through a rural community library in Uganda
Authors: Stranger-Johannessen Espen
Published: June 2014

This paper discusses what is meant by “reading culture”, and how a rural community library in Uganda can contribute to promoting one, by posing the question: How does a community library promote a reading culture in Uganda, and how successful is it in doing this? Data consist of semi-structured interviews, observations, and the library records of borrowed items. Street’s (1984) concepts of “autonomous” and “ideological” models of literacy are adapted to develop a framework of critical questions. The findings indicate that the library is based on a local initiative, relatively well resourced, and fairly well integrated in the community. Together, these indicate the gradual development of a reading culture. Rather than assuming libraries and literacy are intrinsically good, this article stresses the need to take on a critical view of the role and function of community libraries in developing countries, and suggests a framework for doing this.
The library, the city, and infinite possibilities
Authors: Lefebvre Madeleine
Published: June 2014

Ryerson is a dynamic university in the heart of Toronto, the largest and most diverse city in Canada. In the last decade the university has undergone rapid expansion from a 9000 student polytechnic to a comprehensive university of almost 30,000 students, offering programs at all levels. The three goals of the University’s 2008 Master Plan are: urban intensification; people first (pedestrianization of the urban environment); and a commitment to design excellence. At the Master Plan announcement Sheldon Levy, Ryerson President, said “With energetic partnerships and great ideas, our aim is to move Ryerson and Toronto forward together”. Numerous inventive partnerships have been formed since then. The first new building since the Master Plan was the Ryerson Image Centre (RIC), which houses a large image bank of 20th century photo-journalism from the Black Star Agency. Next, the Mattamy Athletic Centre (MAC) rose from Maple Leaf Gardens, an iconic 1930s building famous for ice hockey, Elvis, and the Beatles. In partnership with a national grocery chain the MAC houses new student athletic facilities, an ice arena, and a huge supermarket. Third is the Student Learning Centre (SLC), to be built on Yonge Street, the major spine of Toronto. The current Library is a 1970s brutalist book warehouse. This building is completely inadequate in size, functionality and ambience for our users. The new SLC, designed by Snøhetta (Oslo) and Zeidler (Toronto) satisfies the three tenets of the Master Plan. It will provide a window and gateway to Ryerson. The transparent building will focus on student learning support, individual study and collaborative space. There will be no bookstacks. The two library buildings will be organically connected. Retail stores will occupy the street face at ground level and below, to revitalize the street. Completion is planned for 2015. This paper describes the philosophy, the landscape, the planning, the design, the collaborations, and the challenges of this exciting project.
Salaries of special librarians in the United States
Authors: Matarazzo James , Pearlstein Toby
Published: June 2014

This article reviews the salaries of the US members of the Special Libraries Association who have responded to the Association’s Salary Surveys and compares them to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) from 1982 to 2012. Salaries are shown to have increased sharply as has the CPI for the years studied. Significant gains have occurred in the mean and median salaries from 1982 to 2002. In the years following 2002, the salary gains were smaller, while the CPI increased at a higher rate. The salaries of these members of the Special Libraries Association are compared to the average salary for all librarians in the United States. This paper also comments on the salaries paid to holders of other advanced degrees which have similar educational requirements.
Life cycle assessment modelling of waste-to-energy incineration in Spain and Portugal
Authors: Margallo M , Aldaco R , Irabien A , Carrillo V , Fischer M , Bala A , Fullana P
Published: June 2014

In recent years, waste management systems have been evaluated using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. A main shortcoming of prior studies was the focus on a mixture of waste with different characteristics. The estimation of emissions and consumptions associated with each waste fraction in these studies presented allocation problems. Waste-to-energy (WTE) incineration is a clear example in which municipal solid waste (MSW), comprising many types of materials, is processed to produce several outputs. This paper investigates an approach to better understand incineration processes in Spain and Portugal by applying a multi-input/output allocation model. The application of this model enabled predictions of WTE inputs and outputs, including the consumption of ancillary materials and combustibles, air emissions, solid wastes, and the energy produced during the combustion of each waste fraction.
Landline versus Cell Phone Surveys – Interviewers' Experience
Authors: Jablonski Wojciech
Published: June 2014

The aim of this paper is to outline the results of the study that was carried out among CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) interviewers from October 2009 to August 2010. 12 major Polish research organizations as well as two companies in Norway and Iceland participated in the research. The research was based on a standardized self-completion questionnaire (in total 942 interviewers were surveyed) and in-depth interviews (IDI) which were conducted with 49 experienced CATI interviewers. This paper focuses on specific results of the qualitative part of the project; it investigates difficult situations encountered by the interviewers while conducting telephone surveys. During in-depth interviews, the interviewers were encouraged to describe the differences between “mobile” and “landline” respondents, especially in terms of the persuasiveness of the introductory speech and communication interferences during question-asking and answer-recording stage. The interviewers were also asked to elaborate on the relationship between the probability of encountering difficulties while talking to the respondents on the mobile / landline phone and different features, such as the B2B/B2C (« business to business »/« business to consumers ») character of the project, socio-demographic characteristics of the respondent, sampling procedures (RDD versus list-assisted samples), etc.
Technological revolution or evolution? The introduction of the pushed-tow system in East and West Germany
Authors: Heidbrink Ingo
Published: June 2014

The reconstruction of the inland waterway fleets of the two German states after the Second World War was characterized by two very different strategies. Whereas West German shipping companies followed an evolutionary approach based on the developments of the interwar period—notably the steady increase in cargo capacity and the introduction of motor ships—the shipping on the German Democratic Republic’s (GDR) state-owned inland waterway developed through the introduction of the pushed-two system, a completely different—and possibly revolutionary—approach. These differing concepts were, on the one hand, a consequence of the physical character of the waterways themselves, with long rivers serving as the main axes of West Germany’s inland waterways, while in the East there was a complex system of small canals around Berlin. On the other hand, the different approaches reflected the contrasting socioeconomic systems in the two states. The socialistic system in the East developed the modular pushed-tow system not only because it guaranteed an optimal use of the fleet under the conditions of a socialistic economy, but also because it enabled the GDR to introduce a socialistic labor regime to the inland waterway transportation sector. The crews of the push boats in the East were no longer travelling people like their fellow inland waterway mariners in the West, but became socialistic workers. However, despite the initial success of the pushed-tow system in the East, it soon became outdated as the socialistic system fostered the introduction of a revolutionary new fleet, but did not provide a base for continuous development and innovation. The evolutionary approach of the West German shipping companies may have been slow initially, but it ultimately formed a base for economic and technological success, as permanent innovation was central to its development. With the collapse of the GDR and the so-called re-unification of Germany, the push boat fleet became obsolete as the modular pushed-tow system of the GDR inland waterway fleet could not adapt to the new economic situation.
Portuguese pilots at the Casa de la Contratación and the Examenes de Pilotos
Authors: Collins Edward
Published: June 2014

This article examines the role of Portuguese pilots at the Casa de la Contratación, or House of Trade, in Seville in the sixteenth century. While much work has been done on seafaring and pilotage in Spain in this period, relatively little has been said about the role of the Portuguese in the development of nautical science and a maritime tradition in the Spanish Indies route. The article further assesses the development of a pilot-training and licensing system in Seville, and examines the contributions and experiences of Portuguese seamen in this context. The Examenes de Pilotos, or Pilots’ Examinations, stored in the Archive of the Indies in Seville, contain several examples of Portuguese applicants in the mid-to-late sixteenth century, and these form the main body of primary material examined in the article.
Nutrition and Small Bowel Transplantation
Authors: Mercer David F. , Iverson Angie K. , Culwell Karley A.
Published: June 2014

Intestinal transplantation is indicated for patients with intractable intestinal failure, especially when life‐threatening complications of parenteral nutrition (PN) occur. The rates of 1‐ and 5‐year graft survival range from 65%–80% and 40%–50% across differing age ranges, with adult recipients generally performing better. Despite nutrition being so central to intestinal transplantation, there are little published literature and essentially no data from clinical trials. In this review, we critically examine published manuscripts in an attempt to draw common themes between various transplant programs, covering experimental physiologic data, published nutrition protocols, and common postoperative management issues. We conclude that the well‐established intestinal graft in a healthy state absorbs key nutrients adequately to wean off PN and that the wide variation in practice across different programs suggests that different approaches can equally lead to success.
Construction, Deconstruction, and Reconstruction
Authors: Topaz Maxim , Troutman-Jordan Meredith , MacKenzie Meredith
Published: June 2014

The authors’ goals are to examine the evolution of the concept of successful aging and its relevance to nursing science and practice. First, the history of positivist construction of aging in light of disengagement and activity theories is presented. Second, an analysis of the postmodern deconstruction of aging is illustrated with the development of the ageism phenomenon. Third, the beginning of the reconstruction of aging is presented and exemplified by Troutman’s middle-range nursing theory of successful aging, as connected to Roy’s model. Finally, ways in which these theories can be made applicable to nursing practice and research are proposed.
Psychometric Properties of the Dietary Salt Reduction Self-Care Behavior Scale
Authors: Srikan Pratsani , Phillips Kenneth D.
Published: June 2014

Valid, reliable, and culturally-specific scales to measure salt reduction self-care behavior in older adults are needed. The purpose of this study was to develop the Dietary Salt Reduction Self-Care Behavior Scale (DSR-SCB) for use in hypertensive older adults with Orem’s self-care deficit theory as a base. Exploratory factor analysis, Rasch modeling, and reliability were performed on data from 242 older Thai adults. Nine items loaded on one factor (factor loadings = 0.63 to 0.79) and accounted for 52.28% of the variance (Eigenvalue = 4.71). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin method of sampling adequacy was 0.89, and the Bartlett’s test showed significance (χ2 (df =36) = 916.48, p < 0.0001). Infit and outfit mean squares ranged from 0.81 to 1.25, while infit and outfit standardized mean squares were located at ±2. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.88. The 9-item DSR-SCB is a short and reliable scale.
Weathering the Storm
Authors: Baumann Steven L.
Published: June 2014

Proposed is a hermeneutic humanbecoming study on the reflections of 16 nurses’ stories about Hurricane Sandy. The phenomenon of interest is weathering the storm. The research question is “what are the emerging meanings of the living experience of weathering the storm?” The perspective to be used is the humanbecoming school of thought. The participants were nurses who were living and working in New York City (NYC) during and after Hurricane Sandy. The emergent meanings are to enhance knowledge and understanding of the experience of weathering the storm for global health nursing.
Affordable Care Act
Authors: Vincent Deborah , Reed Pamela G.
Published: June 2014

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) confronts nursing with opportunities as well as challenges. The authors provide an overview of the ACA and highlights opportunities for nursing practice, research, and doctoral education. The importance of disciplinary foundations is also addressed as relevant to envisioning the future of practice and education in the context of healthcare reform.
Bisexual women’s understandings of social marginalisation: ‘The heterosexuals don’t understand us but nor do the lesbians’
Authors: Hayfield Nikki , Clarke Victoria , Halliwell Emma
Published: June 2014

Drawing on interviews with 20 self-identified bisexual women, this paper contributes to the limited psychological literature on bisexual women by exploring their experiences of social marginalisation. These (mainly white and middle class) British bisexual women reported that they did not feel at home in either lesbian or lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities, nor in the wider (heteronormative) society. They identified a number of understandings – bisexuality as a temporary phase on the path to a fully realised lesbian or heterosexual identity and bisexuals as immature, confused, greedy, untrustworthy, highly sexual and incapable of monogamy – which they reported as arising from lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities and the wider society. The women refuted these accounts which they stated did not reflect their experiences of bisexual identity and which positioned bisexuality as invisible and invalid.
Holocene peatland initiation, lateral expansion, and carbon dynamics in the Zoige Basin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Yan , Tang Yu , Yu Zicheng , Li Huan , Yang Bao , Zhao Wenwei , Li Furong , Li Quan
Published: June 2014

The Zoige Basin on the eastern Tibetan Plateau has the largest area of highland peatlands in China. However, the development history of these peatlands is still poorly understood. Understanding how these carbon-rich ecosystems responded to change in the Asian summer monsoons during the Holocene will provide insight into the peatland carbon accumulation processes under different climate boundary conditions. Here, we document the timing of initiation and expansion histories of these peatlands using 59 new basal peat ages across the Zoige Basin, with 29 ages for initiation analysis and 30 additional ages for lateral expansion analysis. Also, we synthesized basal ages from 26 sites and carbon accumulation records at four sites from previous studies in this region. The results show that the peatland initiation is widespread at 11.5–10 and 7–6 kyr (1 kyr = 1000 cal. yr BP) and the minimum initiation periods occurred after 5 kyr. Our multiple basal ages along eight transects show that slopes are a dominant control on peatland lateral expansion rates, with very slow and less variable rates at slopes >0.4°. Furthermore, we found a significant relationship between peatland basal ages and peat depths from 85 sites, suggesting relatively uniform peat properties. Carbon accumulation rates from detailed downcore analysis at four sites and on the basis of peat depth–basal age relationship show similar patterns with a peak carbon accumulation at 10–8 kyr. On the basis of estimated mean values of bulk density and carbon content from the region, the Holocene average C accumulation for the Zoige Basin is 31.1 g C/m2/yr. The widespread peatland initiation and rapid accumulation in the early Holocene were likely in response to higher temperature and stronger summer monsoon intensity, while the slowdown of peatland development during the late Holocene might have been caused by climate cooling and drying.
Adele Bloch-Bauer (1881–1925): Possible diagnoses for Gustav Klimt's Lady in Gold
Authors: da Mota Licia Maria H , Neubarth Fernando , de Carvalho Jozélio F , Diniz Leonardo R , Aires Rodrigo B , dos Santos-Neto Leopoldo L
Published: June 2014

One of the most famous works by the Austrian symbolist painter Gustav Klimt and one of the most widely reproduced works of art worldwide, Adele Bloch-Bauer I which portrays the beautiful wife of Austrian magnate Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer. Adele was the only woman painted by Klimt on more than one occasion. Apart from the beauty and value of the painting, the daring sea of gold that surrounds Adele and the gentle intimacy with which her fragile figure is portrayed have shrouded the history of this painting in mystery. Beyond speculation as to a special bond between artist and model, observation of the painting with a keener, clinical gaze yields evidence of potential illness in the model: facial erythema which, if not produced artificially by makeup, could represent a malar rash; pallor or cyanosis of the hands; and her draped fingers, which seemingly attempt to hide a deformity. This paper seeks to provide a biographical review both of the painter, Gustav Klimt, and of the subject, Adele Bloch-Bauer; to analyse Klimt's two portrayals of her in a search for evidence of a potential intimate relationship between artist and muse and, finally, to compile clinical evidence of possible diagnoses for the Lady in Gold.
Charles West Churchman—Philosopher of Management
Authors: Mason Richard O. , Mitroff Ian I.
Published: June 2014

Two of C. West Churchman’s former students, Richard O. Mason and Ian I. Mitroff reflect on West’s career, his contributions to management and to science, and on their experience studying with and subsequently working with him. August 29, 2013, marked the 100th anniversary of Churchman’s birth. Known as “C. West” professionally and simply “West” to those close to him, Churchman was a philosopher, logician, statistician and, perhaps most importantly, a humanist who explored the intellectual and social foundations of management. He is especially well known in business circles for being one of the “founding fathers” of operations research and management science (OR/MS). He died from the complications of Parkinson’s disease on Sunday, March 21, 2004, in a Bolinas, California, nursing home, near his beloved sea-view cabin. For the most part, Ian I. Mitroff interviews Richard O. Mason.
Brittle fracture in V-notches with end holes
Authors: Torabi AR , Amininejad SH
Published: June 2014

In the present research, two brittle fracture criteria were developed in terms of the notch stress intensity factors to predict mode I fracture in engineering components weakened by V-notches with end holes (VO-notches). The criteria were based on the point stress and the mean stress failure concepts. To evaluate the validity of the criteria, first, 36 new fracture tests were conducted on a new notched specimen, namely the Brazilian disk containing central V-notch with end hole (VO-BD specimen) made of polymethyl-metacrylate. Three notch angles and four notch radii were considered in the experiments. Then, the experimentally obtained fracture loads were converted to the corresponding mode I notch fracture toughness values by mean of the finite element method in order to compare the test results with the theories. It was found that very good agreement exists generally between the experimental and theoretical results. Also, found in this research was that by increasing the VO-notch angle, the accuracy of the mean stress criterion decreases, particularly for larger notch radii. Although the accuracy of the criteria depends significantly on the notch geometry, except for the angle 90°, the average discrepancies of the mean stress criterion were less than 8.5% as well as those of the point stress criterion for the entire angles showing acceptable accuracy of the predictions.
The Two-Way Street of Acculturation, Discrimination, and Latino Immigration Restrictionism
Authors: Pedraza Francisco I.
Published: June 2014

Existing research concludes that acculturation converges Latino immigration policy views with those of Anglo-Americans. Yet, polls show few Latinos support restricting immigration. This article reconciles these statements with theory and evidence. I argue acculturation is part of a broader give-and-take process, the two-way street in which the contrast between expected and perceived treatment by the receiving community shapes whether or not Latino acculturation leads to restrictionism and “convergence” with Anglos. Regression analysis of survey data shows that perceived group discrimination, but not perceived individual discrimination or Latino within-group discrimination, moderates the link between acculturation and support for restrictive policy.
Increased Excitability of Both Principal Neurons and Interneurons during Associative Learning
Authors: Oh M. Matthew , Disterhoft John F.
Published: June 2014

In this review, we highlight several studies indicating that the modulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability is key for successful memory formation. Specifically, we will focus our discussion on our hypothesis that the postburst afterhyperpolarization (a key regulator of intrinsic excitability) is an essential cellular mechanism used by both principal and inhibitory neurons to change their neuronal activity as memory is formed. In addition, we propose that these intrinsic excitability changes occur first in principal neurons, followed by changes in inhibitory neurons, thus maintaining the balance of network activity among neurons for successful encoding and readout of memory.
Fathers of Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Boman Åse , Povlsen Lene , Dahlborg-Lyckhage Elisabeth , Hanas Ragnar , Borup Ina K.
Published: June 2014

This study describes how fathers of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes understand their involvement in their child’s daily life from a health promotion perspective. Sixteen Swedish fathers of children living with type 1 diabetes were interviewed. Manifest and latent content analysis was used to identify two themes: the inner core of the father’s general parental involvement and the additional involvement based on the child’s diabetes. The former was underpinned by the fathers’ prioritization of family life and the fathers being consciously involved in raising the child, and the latter by the fathers promoting and controlling the child’s health and promoting and enabling the child’s autonomy. The results highlight that the quality of the fathers’ involvement is essential in the management of a child’s chronic illness. It is important for pediatric diabetes health care professionals to assess the quality of fathers’ involvement to promote the child’s health.
Strength-Based RTI
Authors: Bianco Margarita , Harris Bryn
Published: June 2014

This article proposes a strength-based response to intervention (RTI) model for developing and identifying gifted potential in English language learners (ELLs). In the recent years, much has been written about RTI; however, the potential of RTI for meeting the needs of gifted ELLs has not yet been explored. This article seeks to address this void by proposing a multi-tiered system of supports designed to meet the unique learning needs of gifted, Spanish-speaking ELLs.
Recruiting and Retaining Black Male Teachers in Gifted Education
Authors: Bryan Nathaniel , Ford Donna Y.
Published: June 2014

Every school district shares the pervasive issue of having males under-represented in the teaching profession. Likewise, most have a paucity of teachers who are African American. Combining both gender and race, only 1% of teachers are Black males. In the article, we rely on scholarship regarding the lack of diversity among teachers and among males in general education to draw implications to the field of gifted education, with specific attention to recruiting and retaining Black male teachers in gifted education. We present an overview of demographic data for students and teachers by race and gender, along with recommendations for recruiting and retaining greater percentages of Black male teachers in gifted education.
From Bystander to Upstander Teacher for Gifted Black Students Accused of Acting White
Authors: Grantham Tarek C. , Biddle Winfred H.
Published: June 2014

Gifted Black students experience many barriers that contribute to their under-representation in gifted and advanced programs. One of the greatest negative influences comes from peer accusations of acting White that undermine gifted and high-achieving Black students’ academic motivation and their interest in challenging courses and programs. While some teachers are unaware of the acting White phenomenon as a form of race bullying, other teachers may stand by and watch gifted Black students succumb to the pressures imposed by their Black peers. This article calls attention to bullying and the acting White phenomenon and encourages teachers to become upstanders for gifted Black students. Upstanders are educators who recognize race-bullying situations and take conscientious, deliberate, and immediate steps to aid gifted Black students in need of help.
Technology: Student Animation Projects
Authors: Siegle Del
Published: June 2014

Using readily available technology, students of all ages can easily create impressive animated products. Animation allows educators to capitalize on the natural desire that students of all ages hold to tell stories and share their understanding of the world. In the course of planning their animations, students conduct research on topics, organize their findings, develop a storyboard for telling a story with the content, and use their creativity to develop an interesting product.
War, selection, and micro-states: Economic and sociological perspectives on the international system
Authors: Sharman J.C.
Published: June 2014

Much International Relations theory explains the dominance of the sovereign state within the international system by a process of competitive selection. By analogy, the selection effects of market competition in promoting better-adapted firms are said to illustrate the selection effects of security competition under anarchy in promoting better-adapted units, specifically sovereign states. In critiquing this analogy, the article argues instead that the historical diffusion and current dominance of sovereign states is better explained by a sociological institutionalist logic. Units secure social acceptance, and incidentally survival, through conformity to promote legitimacy. This position is justified on three grounds. First, survival and violent elimination from the international system over the last two centuries are unrelated to military capacity, but highly correlated with legitimacy. Second, selection-by-learning rests on a series of highly demanding and unrealistic assumptions; the sociological alternative requires much less heroic assumptions. Finally, a qualitative study of micro-states, most-likely cases for competitive elimination, demonstrates their attempts to conform to idealized templates of the modern state.
Visceral adiposity is not associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm presence and growth
Authors: Cronin Oliver , Liu David , Bradshaw Barbara , Iyer Vikram , Buttner Petra , Cunningham Margaret , Walker Philip J , Golledge Jonathan
Published: June 2014

Previous studies in rodent models and patients suggest that visceral adipose could play a direct role in the development and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study aimed to assess the association of visceral adiposity with AAA presence and growth. This study was a case–control investigation of patients that did ( n=196) and did not ( n=181) have an AAA who presented to The Townsville Hospital vascular clinic between 2003 and 2012. Cases were patients with AAA (infra-renal aortic diameter >30 mm) and controls were patients with intermittent claudication but no AAA (infra-renal aortic diameter <30 mm). All patients underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA). The visceral to total abdominal adipose volume ratio was estimated from CTAs by assessing total and visceral adipose deposits using an imaging software program. Measurements were assessed for reproducibility by repeat assessments on 15 patients. AAA risk factors were recorded at entry. Forty-five cases underwent two CTAs more than 6 months apart to assess AAA expansion. The association of visceral adiposity with AAA presence and growth was examined using logistic regression. Visceral adipose assessment by CTA was highly reproducible (mean coefficient of variation 1.0%). AAA was positively associated with older age and negatively associated with diabetes. The visceral to total abdominal adipose volume ratio was not significantly associated with AAA after adjustment for other risk factors. Patients with a visceral to total abdominal adipose volume ratio in quartile four had a 1.63-fold increased risk of AAA but with wide confidence intervals (95% CI 0.71–3.70; p=0.248). Visceral adiposity was not associated with AAA growth. In conclusion, this study suggests that visceral adiposity is not specifically associated with AAA presence or growth although larger studies are required to confirm these findings.
Counterpublic health and the design of drug services for methamphetamine consumers in Melbourne
Authors: Duff Cameron , Moore David
Published: June 2014

This article is interested in how notions of the ‘public’ are conceived, marshalled and enacted in drug-treatment responses to methamphetamine use in Melbourne, Australia. After reviewing qualitative data collected among health-care providers and methamphetamine consumers, we draw on the work of Michael Warner to argue that services for methamphetamine consumers in Melbourne betray ongoing tensions between ‘public’ and ‘counterpublic’ constituencies. Our analysis indicates that these tensions manifest in two ways: in the management of ‘street business’ in the delivery of services and in negotiating the meaning of health and the terms of its restoration or promotion. Reflecting these tensions, while the design of services for methamphetamine consumers is largely modelled on public health principles, the everyday experience of these services may be more accurately characterised in terms of what Kane Race has called ‘counterpublic health’. Extending Race’s analysis, we conclude that more explicit focus on the idea of counterpublic health may help local services engage with methamphetamine consumers in new ways, providing grounds for novel outreach, harm-reduction and treatment strategies.
A modified approach to decompression of primary repair of the duodeno-jejunal flexure transection after blunt trauma
Authors: Sahoo Sarada P , Pattanayak Siba P , Mallick Sworupa N , Nayak Sanjit K , Pramanik Subrata
Published: June 2014

Small bowel injuries in general are uncommon after blunt abdominal trauma and are usually due to high-energy deceleration injuries, often in relation to motor vehicle accidents and affect fixed segments such as duodenum, duodeno-jejunal (DJ) flexure, proximal jejunum and terminal ileum. High morbidity and mortality are associated with this type of injury when the diagnosis is delayed. Untimely management of such injuries, especially transection of the DJ flexure, results in high-output entero-cutaneous fistula. In total, eight cases of DJ flexure transection with/without associated multiple injuries were reviewed retrospectively. For DJ flexure transection in all cases, the flexure was adequately mobilised, and end-to-end duodenojejunostomy performed with two-layer interrupted sutures. A large calibre nasojejunal tube was placed through the anastomotic site before completion to protect the anastomotic area from the proteolytic action of large volumes of upper gastrointestinal secretions. In case of associated injuries, appropriate procedures were done. In DJ flexure transection, a timely management by end-to-end anastomosis with administration of nasojejunal tube beyond the site of anastomosis is an alternate, simple and safe procedure in comparison to difficult procedures such as pyloric exclusion and gastrojejunostomy in patients with delayed presentation.
Catching the shimmers of the social: from the limits of reflexivity to methodological creativity
Authors: Kumsa Martha Kuwee , Chambon Adrienne , Yan Miu Chung , Maiter Sarah
Published: June 2014

With the questioning of the neutral objective researcher, reflexivity has jumped to the forefront of qualitative research, thus positioning the embodied researcher within the research process. In its power to reveal tacit embodied social structures, reflexivity is touted as the hallmark of methodological validation while also being described as a messy process, particularly in participatory research. In this article, we use illustrative examples from our participatory research exploring the healing practices of racialized minority youth in Canada to highlight the limits of reflexivity and participation. We examine the messy processes in the preliminary phase of our research project and the invaluable insights we took into developing a creative methodology.
An evidence-based quality improvement perspective for a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease case-finding program
Authors: Estes Tracy S , Short Nancy , Bowser Donna , Boyle Anne
Published: June 2014

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a persistent progressive respiratory disease that is increasing in prevalence and cost in the United States health care system. Delays in recognition, diagnosis, and treatment are associated with poorer clinical outcomes. These delays are seen more often in populations experiencing economic hardship, lack of access to care, and lack of insurance, such as those seen in an indigent care clinic. The COPD case-finding program was planned as an evidence-based quality improvement project with a prospective, descriptive design generating a convenience sample of patients meeting modified screening criteria (i.e. patients 40 years of age with a smoking history and no pulmonary disease history) in a community-based indigent care clinic which was not screening for COPD. Practice change recommendations were guided by the Diffusion of Innovations Model. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample (i.e. age, ethnicity, race, gender, income, and selected comorbidities). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, prevalence, and receiver operator characteristics curve COPD Questionnaire were calculated for this sample.
Electrospinning cellulose acetate nanofibers and a study of their possible use in high-efficiency filtration
Authors: Omollo Edison , Zhang Chuyang , Mwasiagi Josphat Igadwa , Ncube Sizo
Published: June 2014

Cellulose acetate was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid and electrospun onto polypropylene non-woven material. An upstream layer of polypropylene non-woven material was added to form a three-layered polypropylene/cellulose acetate/polypropylene filter. The thickness of the electrospun cellulose acetate layer was varied by changing the electrospinning time. The fabricated filter was then characterized. Cellulose acetate nanofibers were also electrospun onto an aluminum foil collector with the aim of studying the changes in fiber properties when they are electrospun onto the polypropylene non-woven material. The results obtained in this research work indicated that the layer of nanofibers electrospun onto polypropylene non-woven material increased the filtration efficiency of polypropylene non-woven material from 50.23% to 91.29%, but the quality factor reduced by 29.1%. When the cellulose acetate deposition time was increased from 3 h to 6 h, the filtration efficiency further increased to 98.26% and the quality factor increased by 0.6%. A comparison between cellulose acetate nanofibers electrospun using an aluminum foil as the collector and those electrospun directly onto the polypropylene non-woven material indicated that cellulose acetate fibers electrospun onto polypropylene non-woven material had poorer fiber quality properties.
Cognitive Fluctuations as a Challenge for the Assessment of Decision-Making Capacity in Patients With Dementia
Authors: Trachsel Manuel , Hermann Helena , Biller-Andorno Nikola
Published: June 2014

Decision-making capacity (DMC) is an indispensable prerequisite for medical treatment choices, including consent to treatment, treatment discontinuation, and refusal of treatment. In patients with dementia, DMC is often affected. A particular challenge in assessing DMC are cognitive fluctuations that may lead to a fluctuation in DMC as well. Cognitive fluctuations are a diagnostic core feature of dementia with Lewy bodies and occur in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. In this article, these challenges are discussed and suggestions for assessing the DMC of patients with dementia with cognitive fluctuations are presented.
Death of a Guild, Birth of a Network
Authors: Poor Nathaniel , Skoric Marko M.
Published: June 2014

To explore what helps and hinders long-term online community cohesion, a once strong but now withered 7-year-old guild in the online game EverQuest 2 was studied using mixed methods. It was found that the guild faced stresses on five distinct yet interrelated levels: personal, subgroup, guild, game, and company level. Strong intragroup ties can aid group cohesion but can also cause fragmenting along weaker ties if a strong subgroup leaves the guild. Continual leadership is vital, in part due to the game mechanics that give guild leaders most of the structural power over the guild. Communities may leave their space of origin but maintain ties across several other mediated spaces simultaneously. Game companies and guild leaders can control or influence some, but not all, of the stresses guilds face.
Branded Worlds and Contracting Galaxies
Authors: Clarke M. J.
Published: June 2014

This study examines, specifically, the production and destruction of the massively multiplayer online Star Wars Galaxies and, generally, the translation of old media brands into new media formats to demonstrate the nature of creative labor under the constraints of branded content. Using the evidence of gameplay and industrial context, the article argues that workers on Galaxies often occupied three ideal-typical roles as worldmakers, curators, and toy keepers in an effort not simply to repurpose content but to establish relationships between branded objects, to foment their circulation, and to maintain their longevity. Understanding these tasks and how they manifested themselves in both the work of Galaxies’s makers and their unfinished project, provides a vital case study to examine and develop new models to understand contemporary creative work and the intermediaries that labor within this regime as popular culture increasingly is subsumed under the organizational and textual mechanisms of branding through sequels and transmedia.
Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer: latest evidence and clinical potential
Authors: Peddi Parvin F. , Hurvitz Sara A.
Published: June 2014

In February 2013, ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1, Kadcyla®) received regulatory approval in the United States for treatment-refractory human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer based on results from EMILIA, a large phase III trial that compared standard of care lapatinib plus capecitabine to T-DM1. Several other studies have been reported in the metastatic setting and multiple trials are ongoing or planned in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and advanced disease settings. Here we provide an updated and comprehensive review of clinical trials evaluating T-DM1, discuss management of toxicity associated with this drug, propose potential mechanisms of resistance and offer practical considerations for the treating oncologist.