bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric Disorders Differently Correlate with Physical Self-Rated Health across Ethnic Groups
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: November 2017

In this study, we compared 10 ethnic groups for associations between psychiatric disorders and physical self-rated health (SRH) in the United States. Data came from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001–2003. The study included 7587 non-Latino White, 4746 African American, 1442 Mexican, 1106 other Hispanic, 656 other Asian, 600 Chinese, 577 Cuban, 520 Vietnamese, 508 Filipino, and 495 Puerto Rican individuals. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to measure psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), general anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol abuse, and binge eating disorders. A single-item measure was used to estimate physical SRH. Demographic (age and gender) and socioeconomic (education and income) factors were also measured. Unadjusted and adjusted correlations between psychiatric disorders and physical SRH were calculated. Major ethnic variations were found in the correlation between psychiatric disorders and physical SRH; as well as the role of demographic and socioeconomic status (SES) factors in explaining these associations. non-Hispanic Whites, Cubans, and African Americans showed more correlations between psychiatric disorders and physical SRH than other ethnic groups. In non-Hispanic Whites, the associations between psychiatric disorders and physical SRH were explained by demographic factors. In African Americans, the link between psychiatric disorders and poor physical SRH were explained by SES indicators. In conclusion, although single-item physical SRH measures are traditionally assumed to reflect the physical health needs of populations, they may also indicate psychiatric disorders in some ethnic groups, such as non-Hispanic Whites, Cubans, and African Americans. Demographic and socioeconomic factors also have differential roles in explaining the link between psychiatric disorders and physical SRH. Physical SRH does not exclusively reflect physical health, and it may be more biased by mental health across some ethnic groups.
Characterization and Antibiofouling Performance Investigation of Hydrophobic Silver Nanocomposite Membranes: A Comparative Study
Authors: Amouamouha Maryam , Badalians Gholikandi Gagik
Published: November 2017

Biofouling is one of the drawbacks restricting the industrial applications of membranes. In this study, different thicknesses of silver nanoparticles with proper adhesion were deposited on poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) and polyethersulfone (PES) surfaces by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The crystalline and structural properties of modified and pure membranes were investigated by carrying out X-ray diffraction (XRD) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses were employed to examine the surface morphology and the bacteria anti-adhesion property of the membranes. The morphology measurements confirmed that even though after silver grafting the surface became more hydrophobic, the homogeneity increased and the flux reduction decreased after coating. Moreover a comparison between PVDF and PES revealed that CFU (colony forming units) reduced 64.5% on PVDF surface and 31.1% on PES surface after modification. In conclusion, PVD improved the performance of the membrane antibiofouling, and it is more promising to be used for PVDF rather than PES.
Virtual Testing of Composite Structures Made of High Entropy Alloys and Steel
Authors: Geantă Victor , Cherecheș Tudor , Lixandru Paul , Voiculescu Ionelia , Ștefănoiu Radu , Dragnea Daniel , Zecheru Teodora , Matache Liviu
Published: November 2017

High entropy alloys (HEA) are metallic materials obtained from a mixture of at least five atomic-scale chemical elements. They are characterized by high mechanical strength, good thermal stability and hardenability. AlCrFeCoNi alloys have high compression strength and tensile strength values of 2004 MPa, respectively 1250 MPa and elongation of about 32.7%. These materials can be used to create HEA-steel type composite structures which resist to dynamic deformation during high speed impacts. The paper presents four different composite structures made from a combination of HEA and carbon steel plates, using different joining processes. The numerical simulation of the impact behavior of the composite structures was performed by virtual methods, taking into account the mechanical properties of both materials. For analyzing each constructive variant, three virtual shootings were designed, using a 7.62 × 39 mm cal. incendiary armor-piercing bullet and different impact velocities. The best ballistic behavior was provided by the composite structures obtained by welding and brazing that have good continuity and rigidity. The other composite structures, which do not have good surface adhesion, show high fragmentation risk, because the rear plate can fragment on the axis of shooting due to the combination between the shock waves and the reflected ones. The order of materials in the composite structure has a very important role in decreasing the impact energy.
Investigation of the Deformation Mechanism of a near β Titanium Alloy through Isothermal Compression
Authors: Wu Jie , Lü Zhidan , Zhang Changjiang , Han Jianchao , Zhang Hongzhou , Zhang Shuzhi , Hayat Muhammad , Cao Peng
Published: November 2017

This study investigated the hot deformation behavior of Ti-4Al-1Sn-2Zr-5Mo-8V-2.5Cr alloy through isothermal compression tests at temperatures from 780 to 930 °C with strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 1 s−1. The flow stress decreases with a decreased strain rate and an increased temperature. A constitutive equation was established for this alloy and the dependence of activation energy on temperature and strain rate is discussed. We further proposed a processing map using the dynamic materials model. On the processing map various domains of flow stability and flow instability can be identified. The deformation mechanisms associated with flow stability regions are mainly dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and dynamic recovery (DRV). The flow instability is manifested in the form of the band of flow localizations. The optimum processing conditions are suggested such that the temperature range is from 780 to 880 °C and the strain rate ranges from 0.001 to 0.01 s−1.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Low Magnetic Zr-1Mo Alloy by Powder Bed Fusion Using a Fiber Laser
Authors: Sun Xiaohao , Zhou Weiwei , Kikuchi Keiko , Nomura Naoyuki , Kawasaki Akira , Doi Hisashi , Tsutsumi Yusuke , Hanawa Takao
Published: November 2017

A low magnetic Zr-1Mo alloy was fabricated by a powder bed fusion (PBF) process using a fiber laser. The microstructure, surface morphology, and pore distribution of the as-built Zr-1Mo alloy were observed. Its magnetic susceptibility and Vickers hardness were evaluated by magnetic susceptibility balance and a microindentation tester, respectively. The as-built Zr-1Mo alloy mainly consisted of an α′ phase with an acicular structure. From the processing maps of the surface morphology and pore distribution, open pores on the top surface due to the lack of fusion corresponded to grid-like distributed pores, and large pores corresponded to balling particles on the top surface. The Vickers hardness was influenced by the oxygen and nitrogen contents rather than the porosity. The magnetic susceptibilities of the as-built Zr-1Mo alloy still were one-third those of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb, thus PBF can be applicable to the fabrication process for the low magnetic Zr-1Mo alloy.
Cell-Type Specific Metabolic Flux Analysis: A Challenge for Metabolic Phenotyping and a Potential Solution in Plants
Authors: Rossi Merja , Kalde Monika , Srisakvarakul Chaiyakorn , Kruger Nicholas , Ratcliffe R.
Published: November 2017

Stable isotope labelling experiments are used routinely in metabolic flux analysis (MFA) to determine the metabolic phenotype of cells and tissues. A complication arises in multicellular systems because single cell measurements of transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes in multicellular organisms suggest that the metabolic phenotype will differ between cell types. In silico analysis of simulated metabolite isotopomer datasets shows that cellular heterogeneity confounds conventional MFA because labelling data averaged over multiple cell types does not necessarily yield averaged flux values. A potential solution to this problem—the use of cell-type specific reporter proteins as a source of cell-type specific labelling data—is proposed and the practicality of implementing this strategy in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings is explored. A protocol for the immunopurification of ectopically expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings using a GFP-binding nanobody is developed, and through GC-MS analysis of protein hydrolysates it is established that constitutively expressed GFP reports accurately on the labelling of total protein in root tissues. It is also demonstrated that the constitutive expression of GFP does not perturb metabolism. The principal obstacle to the implementation of the method in tissues with cell-type specific GFP expression is the sensitivity of the GC-MS system.
Study on the Dispersion Mechanism of Citric Acid on Chlorite in Hematite Reverse Flotation System
Authors: Yin Wanzhong , Fu Yafeng , Yao Jin , Yang Bin , Cao Shaohang , Sun Qianyu
Published: November 2017

The adhesion behavior between particles in the pulp will seriously affect the index of concentrate. In this paper, the effect of citric acid on chlorite in hematite reverse flotation system was studied. The flotation test and settlement test of artificial mixed ore showed that a lower dosage of citric acid could significantly improve the removal rate of chlorite. The mineral contact angle measurement and zeta potential analysis, combined with the extended DLVO theory showed that chlorite is easily adsorbed on the surface of hematite, results in a lower removal rate, and the phenomenon was analyzed by a laser particle size analyzer and optical microscope. The results showed that citric acid can reduce the apparent grain size of artificial mixed ore and improve the dispersion degree of pulp by changing the wettability and surface potential of the minerals, thus increased the removal rate of chlorite.
Oleanolic Acid and Its Derivatives: Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential in Chronic Diseases
Authors: Ayeleso Taiwo , Matumba Mashudu , Mukwevho Emmanuel
Published: November 2017

The increasing demand for natural products as an alternative therapy for chronic diseases has encouraged research into the pharmacological importance of bioactive compounds from plants. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the therapeutic potential of oleanolic acid (OA) in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid widely found in plants, including fruits and vegetables with different techniques and chromatography platforms being employed in its extraction and isolation. Several studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic effects of OA on different diseases and their symptoms. Furthermore, oleanolic acid also serves as a framework for the development of novel semi-synthetic triterpenoids that could prove vital in finding therapeutic modalities for various ailments. There are recent advances in the design and synthesis of chemical derivatives of OA to enhance its solubility, bioavailability and potency. Some of these derivatives have also been therapeutic candidates in a number of clinical trials. This review consolidates and expands on recent reports on the biological effects of oleanolic acid from different plant sources and its synthetic derivatives as well as their mechanisms of action in in vitro and in vivo study models. This review suggests that oleanolic acid and its derivatives are important candidates in the search for alternative therapy in the treatment and management of chronic diseases.
Altering Residue 134 Confers an Increased Substrate Range of Alkylated Nucleosides to the E. coli OGT Protein
Authors: Schoonhoven Nadia , O’Flaherty Derek , McManus Francis , Sacre Lauralicia , Noronha Anne , Kornblatt M. , Wilds Christopher
Published: November 2017

O6-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferases (AGTs) are proteins responsible for the removal of mutagenic alkyl adducts at the O6-atom of guanine and O4-atom of thymine. In the current study we set out to understand the role of the Ser134 residue in the Escherichia coli AGT variant OGT on substrate discrimination. The S134P mutation in OGT increased the ability of the protein to repair both O6-adducts of guanine and O4-adducts of thymine. However, the S134P variant was unable, like wild-type OGT, to repair an interstrand cross-link (ICL) bridging two O6-atoms of guanine in a DNA duplex. When compared to the human AGT protein (hAGT), the S134P OGT variant displayed reduced activity towards O6-alkylation but a much broader substrate range for O4-alkylation damage reversal. The role of residue 134 in OGT is similar to its function in the human homolog, where Pro140 is crucial in conferring on hAGT the capability to repair large adducts at the O6-position of guanine. Finally, a method to generate a covalent conjugate between hAGT and a model nucleoside using a single-stranded oligonucleotide substrate is demonstrated.
Elucidating Direct Photolysis Mechanisms of Different Dissociation Species of Norfloxacin in Water and Mg2+ Effects by Quantum Chemical Calculations
Authors: Wang Se , Wang Zhuang
Published: November 2017

The study of pollution due to combined antibiotics and metals is urgently needed. Photochemical processes are an important transformation pathway for antibiotics in the environment. The mechanisms underlying the effects of metal-ion complexation on the aquatic photochemical transformation of antibiotics in different dissociation forms are crucial problems in science, and beg solutions. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms of direct photolysis of norfloxacin (NOR) in different dissociation forms in water and metal ion Mg2+ effects using quantum chemical calculations. Results show that different dissociation forms of NOR had different maximum electronic absorbance wavelengths (NOR2+ < NOR0 < NOR+) and showed different photolysis reactivity. Analysis of transition states (TS) and reaction activation energies (Ea) indicated NOR+ generally underwent loss of the piperazine ring (C10–N13 bond cleavage) and damage to piperazine ring (N13–C14 bond cleavage). For NOR2+, the main direct photolysis pathways were de-ethylation (N7–C8 bond cleavage) and decarboxylation (C2–C5 bond cleavage). Furthermore, the presence of Mg2+ changed the order of the wavelength at maximum electronic absorbance (NOR+-Mg2+ < NOR0-Mg2+ < NOR2+-Mg2+) and increased the intensities of absorbance peaks of all three dissociation species of NOR, implying that Mg2+ played an important role in the direct photolysis of NOR0, NOR+, and NOR2+. The calculated TS results indicated that the presence of Mg2+ increased Ea for most direct photolysis pathways of NOR, while it decreased Ea for some direct photolysis pathways such as the loss of the piperazine ring and the damage of the piperazine ring of NOR0 and the defluorination of NOR+.
NeoBOMB1, a GRPR-Antagonist for Breast Cancer Theragnostics: First Results of a Preclinical Study with [67Ga]NeoBOMB1 in T-47D Cells and Tumor-Bearing Mice
Authors: Kaloudi Aikaterini , Lymperis Emmanouil , Giarika Athina , Dalm Simone , Orlandi Francesca , Barbato Donato , Tedesco Mattia , Maina Theodosia , De Jong Marion , Nock Berthold
Published: November 2017

Background: The GRPR-antagonist-based radioligands [67/68Ga/111In/177Lu]NeoBOMB1 have shown excellent theragnostic profiles in preclinical prostate cancer models, while [68Ga]NeoBOMB1 effectively visualized prostate cancer lesions in patients. We were further interested to explore the theragnostic potential of NeoBOMB1 in GRPR-positive mammary carcinoma, by first studying [67Ga]NeoBOMB1 in breast cancer models; Methods: We investigated the profile of [67Ga]NeoBOMB1, a [68Ga]NeoBOMB1 surrogate, in GRPR-expressing T-47D cells and animal models; Results: NeoBOMB1 (IC50s of 2.2 ± 0.2 nM) and [natGa]NeoBOMB1 (IC50s of 2.5 ± 0.2 nM) exhibited high affinity for the GRPR. At 37 °C [67Ga]NeoBOMB1 strongly bound to the T-47D cell-membrane (45.8 ± 0.4% at 2 h), internalizing poorly, as was expected for a radioantagonist. [67Ga]NeoBOMB1 was detected >90% intact in peripheral mouse blood at 30 min pi. In mice bearing T-47D xenografts, [67Ga]NeoBOMB1 specifically localized in the tumor (8.68 ± 2.9% ID/g vs. 0.6 ± 0.1% ID/g during GRPR-blockade at 4 h pi). The unfavorably high pancreatic uptake could be considerably reduced (206.29 ± 17.35% ID/g to 42.46 ± 1.31% ID/g at 4 h pi) by increasing the NeoBOMB1 dose from 10 pmol to 200 pmol, whereas tumor uptake remained unaffected. Notably, tumor values did not decline from 1 to 24 h pi; Conclusions: [67Ga]NeoBOMB1 can successfully target GRPR-positive breast cancer in animals with excellent prospects for clinical translation.
Halogen–Metal Exchange on Bromoheterocyclics with Substituents Containing an Acidic Proton via Formation of a Magnesium Intermediate
Authors: Tian Qingqiang , Shang Suqin , Wang Huajun , Shi Guoqiang , Li Zhiyao , Yuan Jianyong
Published: November 2017

A selective and practical bromine–metal exchange on bromoheterocyclics bearing substituents with an acidic proton under non-cryogenic conditions was developed by a simple modification of an existing protocol. Our protocol of using a combination of i-PrMgCl and n-BuLi has not only solved the problem of intermolecular quenching that often occurred when using alkyl lithium alone as the reagent for halogen–lithium exchange, but also offered a highly selective method for performing bromo–metal exchange on dibrominated arene compounds through chelation effect.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity of 11-Substituted Neocryptolepines with a Branched ω-Aminoalkylamino Chain
Authors: Shaban Elkhabiry , Świtalska Marta , Wang Li , Wang Ning , Xiu Fan , Hayashi Ikuya , Ngoc Tran Anh , Nagae Sachie , El-Ghlban Samah , Shimoda Shiho , Gokha Ahmed Abdel Aleem El , Sayed Ibrahim El Tantawy El , Wietrzyk Joanna , Inokuchi Tsutomu
Published: November 2017

Neocryptolepine, which is a kind of tetracyclic indoloquinoline alkaloid, exhibits the inhibition of topoisomerase II and shows antiproliferative activity. The present study describes the synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of several neocryptolepine analogues carrying a branched, functionalized dibasic side chain at C11. These 2-substituted 5-methyl-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline derivatives were prepared by nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of 11-chloroneocryptolepines with appropriate 1,2- and 1,3-diamines. Some of the 11-(ω-aminoalkylamino) derivatives were further transformed into 11-ureido and thioureido analogues. Many of the prepared neocryptolepine derivatives showed submicromolar antiproliferative activity against the human leukemia MV4-11 cell line. Among them, 11-(3-amino-2-hydroxy)propylamino derivatives 2h and 2k were the most cytotoxic with a mean IC50 value of 0.042 μM and 0.057 μM against the MV4-11 cell line, 0.197 μM and 0.1988 μM against the A549 cell line, and 0.138 μM and 0.117 μM against the BALB/3T3 cell line, respectively.
Halogen Bonding Involving CO and CS with Carbon as the Electron Donor
Authors: Del Bene Janet , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José
Published: November 2017

MP2/aug’-cc-pVTZ calculations have been carried out to investigate the halogen-bonded complexes formed when CO and CS act as electron-pair donors through C to ClF, ClNC, ClCl, ClOH, ClCN, ClCCH, and ClNH2. CO forms only complexes stabilized by traditional halogen bonds, and all ClY molecules form traditional halogen-bonded complexes with SC, except ClF which forms only an ion-pair complex. Ion-pair complexes are also found on the SC:ClNC and SC:ClCl surfaces. SC:ClY complexes stabilized by traditional halogen bonds have greater binding energies than the corresponding OC:ClY complexes. The largest binding energies are found for the ion-pair SC–Cl+:−Y complexes. The transition structures which connect the complex and the ion pair on SC:ClNC and SC:ClCl potential surfaces provide the barriers for inter-converting these structures. Charge-transfer from the lone pair on C to the σ-hole on Cl is the primary charge-transfer interaction stabilizing OC:ClY and SC:ClY complexes with traditional halogen bonds. A secondary charge-transfer occurs from the lone pairs on Cl to the in-plane and out-of-plane π antibonding orbitals of ClY. This secondary interaction assumes increased importance in the SC:ClNH2 complex, and is a factor leading to its unusual structure. C–O and C–S stretching frequencies and 13C chemical shieldings increase upon complex formation with ClY molecules. These two spectroscopic properties clearly differentiate between SC:ClY complexes and SC–Cl+:−Y ion pairs. Spin–spin coupling constants 1xJ(C–Cl) for OC:ClY complexes increase with decreasing distance. As a function of the C–Cl distance, 1xJ(C–Cl) and 1J(C–Cl) provide a fingerprint of the evolution of the halogen bond from a traditional halogen bond in the complexes, to a chlorine-shared halogen bond in the transition structures, to a covalent bond in the ion pairs.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Luo Lu , Han Chao , Lv Handeng , Chen Di , Shen Guoliang , Wu Kaiqi , Pan Suwei , Ye Faqing
Published: November 2017

We designed and synthesized 26 prototype compounds and studied their anti-inflammatory activity and underlying molecular mechanisms. The inhibitory effects of the compounds on the production of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, inflammatory-related proteins, and mRNAs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages were determined by the Griess assay, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot analysis, and Reverse transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Our results indicated that treatment with A2, A6 and B7 significantly inhibited the secretion of NO and inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells without demonstrable cytotoxicity. It was also found that A2, A6 and B7 strongly suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase enzyme COX-2, and prevented nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 by inhibiting the degradation of p50 and IκBα. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was significantly inhibited by A2, A6 and B7. These findings suggest that A2, A6 and B7 may operate as an effective anti-inflammatory agent through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages. Moreover, rat paw swelling experiments showed that these compounds possess anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, with compound A6 exhibiting similar activities to the reference drug Indomethacin.
Development of pGEMINI, a Plant Gateway Destination Vector Allowing the Simultaneous Integration of Two cDNA via a Single LR-Clonase Reaction
Authors: Exposito-Rodriguez Marino , Laissue Philippe , López-Calcagno Patricia , Mullineaux Philip , Raines Christine , Simkin Andrew
Published: November 2017

Gateway technology has been used to facilitate the generation of a large number of constructs for the modification of plants for research purposes. However, many of the currently available vectors only allow the integration of a single cDNA of interest into an expression clone. The ability to over-express multiple genes in combination is essential for the study of plant development where several transcripts have a role to play in one or more metabolic processes. The tools to carry out such studies are limited, and in many cases rely on the incorporation of cDNA into expression systems via conventional cloning, which can be both time consuming and laborious. To our knowledge, this study reports on the first development of a vector allowing the simultaneous integration of two independent cDNAs via a single LR-clonase reaction. This vector “pGEMINI” represents a powerful molecular tool offering the ability to study the role of multi-cDNA constructs on plant development, and opens up the process of gene stacking and the study of gene combinations through transient or stable transformation procedures.
Effect of CO2 Laser Treatment on the Fabric Hand of Cotton and Cotton/Polyester Blended Fabric
Authors: Hung On-na , Kan Chi-wai
Published: November 2017

This paper compares the impact of laser treatment on cotton and cotton/polyester blended fabric hand properties, using the PhabrOmeter system. Five fabric hand properties, namely, stiffness, smoothness, softness, wrinkle recovery rate, and drapability, were obtained, and it was proven that laser treatment could be successfully used to change the fabric hand. In the case of pure cotton woven fabrics, the fabrics were found to have better drapability and wrinkle recovery after laser treatment. In cotton/polyester blended fabrics, stiffness was found to be relatively higher after laser irradiation.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Proteomics Literature on the Response of Human Skeletal Muscle to Obesity/Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Versus Exercise Training
Authors: Srisawat Kanchana , Shepherd Sam , Lisboa Paulo , Burniston Jatin
Published: November 2017

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of proteomics literature that reports human skeletal muscle responses in the context of either pathological decline associated with obesity/T2DM and physiological adaptations to exercise training. Literature was collected from PubMed and DOAJ databases following PRISMA guidelines using the search terms ‘proteom*’, and ‘skeletal muscle’ combined with either ‘obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance’ or ‘exercise, training’. Eleven studies were included in the systematic review, and meta-analysis was performed on a sub-set (four studies) of the reviewed literature that reported the necessary primary data. The majority of proteins (n = 73) more abundant in the muscle of obese/T2DM individuals were unique to this group and not reported to be responsive to exercise training. The main response of skeletal muscle to exercise training was a greater abundance of proteins of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. In total, five proteins were less abundant in muscle of obese/T2DM individuals and were also reported to be more abundant in the muscle of endurance-trained individuals, suggesting one of the major mechanisms of exercise-induced protection against the deleterious effects of obesity/T2DM occurs at complex I of the electron transport chain.
Design and Evaluation of Novel Polymyxin Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Yun Bo , Roberts Kade , Thompson Philip , Nation Roger , Velkov Tony , Li Jian
Published: November 2017

Polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin) are cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics that serve as a last-line defence against Gram-negative “superbugs”. In the present study, two novel fluorescent polymyxin probes were designed through regio-selective modifications of the polymyxin B core structure at the N-terminus and the hydrophobic motif at positions 6 and 7. The resulting probes, FADDI-285 and FADDI-286 demonstrated comparable antibacterial activity (MICs 2–8 mg/L) to polymyxin B and colistin (MICs 0.5–8 mg/L) against a panel of gram-negative clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These probes should prove to be of considerable utility for imaging cellular uptake and mechanistic investigations of these important last-line antibiotics.
Wireless Energy Harvesting Two-Way Relay Networks with Hardware Impairments
Authors: Peng Chunling , Li Fangwei , Liu Huaping
Published: November 2017

This paper considers a wireless energy harvesting two-way relay (TWR) network where the relay has energy-harvesting abilities and the effects of practical hardware impairments are taken into consideration. In particular, power splitting (PS) receiver is adopted at relay to harvests the power it needs for relaying the information between the source nodes from the signals transmitted by the source nodes, and hardware impairments is assumed suffered by each node. We analyze the effect of hardware impairments on both decode-and-forward (DF) relaying and amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying networks. By utilizing the obtained new expressions of signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratios, the exact analytical expressions of the achievable sum rate and ergodic capacities for both DF and AF relaying protocols are derived. Additionally, the optimal power splitting (OPS) ratio that maximizes the instantaneous achievable sum rate is formulated and solved for both protocols. The performances of DF and AF protocols are evaluated via numerical results, which also show the effects of various network parameters on the system performance and on the OPS ratio design.
Gas Measurement Using Static Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers
Authors: Köhler Michael , Schardt Michael , Rauscher Markus , Koch Alexander
Published: November 2017

Online monitoring of gases in industrial processes is an ambitious task due to adverse conditions such as mechanical vibrations and temperature fluctuations. Whereas conventional Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers use rather complex optical and mechanical designs to ensure stable operation, static FTIR spectrometers do not require moving parts and thus offer inherent stability at comparatively low costs. Therefore, we present a novel, compact gas measurement system using a static single-mirror Fourier transform spectrometer (sSMFTS). The system works in the mid-infrared range from 650 cm - 1 to 1250 cm - 1 and can be operated with a customized White cell, yielding optical path lengths of up to 120 cm for highly sensitive quantification of gas concentrations. To validate the system, we measure different concentrations of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and perform a PLS regression analysis of the acquired infrared spectra. Thereby, the measured absorption spectra show good agreement with reference data. Since the system additionally permits measurement rates of up to 200 Hz and high signal-to-noise ratios, an application in process analysis appears promising.
The Contribution of Outer H i Disks to the Merging Binary Black Hole Population
Authors: Chakrabarti Sukanya , Chang Philip , O’Shaughnessy Richard , Brooks Alyson M. , Shen Sijing , Bellovary Jillian , Gladysz Wojciech , Belczynski Chris
Published: November 2017

We investigate the contribution of outer H i disks to the observable population of merging black hole binaries. Like dwarf galaxies, the outer H i disks of spirals have low star formation rates and lower metallicities than the inner disks of spirals. Since low-metallicity star formation can produce more detectable compact binaries than typical star formation, the environments in the outskirts of spiral galaxies may be conducive to producing a rich population of massive binary black holes. We consider here both detailed controlled simulations of spirals and cosmological simulations, as well as the current range of observed values for metallicity and star formation in outer disks. We find that the outer H i disks contribute at least as much as dwarf galaxies do to the observed LIGO/Virgo detection rates. Identifying the host galaxies of merging massive black holes should provide constraints on cosmological parameters and insights into the formation channels of binary mergers.
Le travail est-il soluble dans le capitalisme ?
Authors: Sobel Richard
Published: November 2017

Introduite en France depuis une dizaine d’années, l’œuvre de Moishe Postone se présente comme une réinterprétation globale de l’œuvre de Marx. Elle est articulée autour de la thèse selon laquelle Marx ne propose pas une critique du capitalisme du point de vue du travail, mais une critique du travail sous le capitalisme. Cet article évalue la portée de ce marxisme hétérodoxe en cherchant à en situer l’arrière-plan épistémologique entre interprétation structuraliste et interprétation phénoménologique de Marx. Il montre que Postone construit un structuralisme original, combinant Althusser et Hegel, mais peine à lui articuler une théorie de la subjectivation et de l’action à la hauteur d’une pensée qui a en vue la transformation sociale et l’émancipation du capitalisme.
Unilateral Congenital Cataract: Clinical Profile and Presentation
Authors: Khokhar Sudarshan , Jose Cijin P. , Sihota Ramanjit , Midha Neha
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

To study the clinical profile and presentation of children with unilateral cataract.

Methods:

In this hospital-based, observational, cross-sectional study, patients 15 years of age or younger who presented with unilateral cataract were recruited. Cases of cataract secondary to causes such as trauma or uveitis were excluded. Age at detection and presentation, distance from the treatment center, presenting complaints, cataract morphology, and biometry were noted for each case.

Results:

A total of 76 patients were recruited. Most patients presented with complaints of leukocoria. Persistent fetal vasculature accounted for 27.6% of cases and was the most common identifiable cause of cataract in this study. Subsequently, patients were divided into two groups: no persistent fetal vasculature (control) and persistent fetal vasculature. A male predominance was noted in both groups. The mean age at detection was 27.58 ± 37.02 and 6.17 ± 8.42 months and the mean age at presentation was 55.613 ± 45.21 and 14.83 ± 17.75 months in the control and persistent fetal vasculature groups, respectively. In the persistent fetal vasculature group, a significant difference was noted in the axial length, keratometry, and corneal diameter between the affected and normal eyes (
P
= .027, .00176, and .0114, respectively). In the control group, this difference was observed only in keratometry readings (
P
= .0464). The mean distance traveled by patients to reach the treatment center was 211 km.

Conclusions:

Persistent fetal vasculature is an important and less identified cause of unilateral cataract. A significant delay is noted in the detection and presentation of unilateral cataract.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(2):107–112.]
Breast-Feeding Friendly, but Not Formula Averse
Authors: Lewis Juanita
Published: November 2017

Breast-feeding is the optimal source of newborn nutrition in term infants and is associated with multiple short- and long-term health benefits. Establishment of breast-feeding may be difficult in a small subset of mothers, which can lead to adverse consequences in the newborn. Some of the consequences of suboptimal nutritional provision to the newborn, such as severe hyperbilirubinemia and breast-feeding–associated hypernatremic dehydration, can have devastating and long-lasting sequelae. Timely identification of mothers and newborns at risk for developing these complications is necessary to avoid significant morbidity and mortality. In these cases, the judicious use of formula supplementation may be considered. However, more studies are necessary to develop comprehensive formula supplementation criteria and guidelines for pediatric medical providers.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2017;46(11):e402–e408.]
Congenital Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Minakova Elena , Chu Alison
Published: November 2017

Congenital hyperinsulinism is a rare disorder that commonly presents in the immediate postnatal period as persistent hypoglycemia. The condition is frequently resistant to medical therapies, and the genetic mutations implicated in the disorder can be predictive of response to therapy. Evaluation of hypoglycemia in the illustrative case presented in this article led to genetic testing identifying recessive mutations in the potassium channel subunits of the beta-islet pancreatic cells. Potassium channel defects are often refractory to medical therapies, so near-total pancreatectomy is usually indicated; however, genetic mutations leading to metabolic dysregulation within the beta-islet pancreatic cells are usually responsive to medical therapy. Aggressive treatment of hypoglycemia in the setting of congenital hyperinsulinism is important to prevent long-term neurologic sequelae secondary to hypoglycemia-induced brain injury.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2017;46(11):e409–e414.]
Prenatal and Postnatal Genetic Testing: Why, How, and When?
Authors: Stoler Joan M.
Published: November 2017

There have been major advances in genetic testing especially over the last 10 years. We have advanced from looking at simple chromosomes under a microscope to more sophisticated analysis of the DNA makeup of chromosomes and from testing a single gene to sequencing almost all of our genetic material. Similarly, in the field of prenatal testing we have made great strides in screening and diagnostic testing in the hope of detecting significant abnormalities in the fetus while decreasing the risk to the pregnancy. In this article the major types of genetic screening and diagnostic testing, both prenatal and postnatal, will be reviewed.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2017;46(11):e423–e427.]
Towards a comprehensive approach to climate policy, sustainable infrastructure, and finance
Authors: Bak Céline , Bhattacharya Amar , Edenhofer Ottmar , Knopf Brigitte
Published: November 2017

The authors propose a policy package of low-carbon growth stimulation through a steep increase in sustainable infrastructure, mobilizing sustainable finance, and adoption of carbon pricing to simultaneously achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals.
The Moving Body
Authors: Lecoq Jacques
Published: November 2017

‘In life I want students to be alive and on stage I want them to be artists’ Jacques Lecoq

Jacques Lecoq was one of the most inspirational theatre teachers of our age. The International Theatre School he founded in Paris remains an unrivalled centre for the art of physical theatre. In The Moving Body, Lecoq shares his unique philosophy of performance, improvisation, masks, movement and gesture which together form one of the greatest influences on contemporary theatre.

Neutral mask, character mask, and counter masks, bouffons, acrobatics and commedia, clowns and complicity: all the famous Lecoq techniques are covered here - techniques that have made their way into the work of former collaborators and students inluding Dario Fo, Julie Taymor, Ariane Mnouchkine, Yasmina Reza and Theatre de Complicité.

This paperback edition contains a Foreword by Simon McBurney, Artistic Director of Complicité and an Afterword by Fay Lecoq, Director of the International Theatre School in Paris.
Screen Adaptations: Harper Lee’s to Kill a Mockingbird
Authors: Palmer R. Barton
Published: November 2017

To Kill a Mockingbird is an immensely important work of literature which is studied worldwide. Literature and film adaptations studies students will find plenty of material to support their courses and essay writing on how the film versions provide different readings of the original text.

Focussing on several film versions and adaptations, the book discusses: the literary text in its historical context, key themes and dominant readings of the text, how the text is adapted for screen and how adaptations have changed our reading of the original text. There are many references to the literary text and screenplays and the book also features quotations from directors, critics and others linked with the chosen film and text.
Theatre Games
Authors: Barker Clive
Published: November 2017

“Clive Barker’s book is more than just a guidebook of improvisational games for actors: it is, rather a comprehensive exploration of acting techniques” New York Theatre Review

“Theatre Games is a massive contribution to the art of theatre...A bulging portfolio of credo, craft, advice and instruction... It is dazzlingly astute and a thrilling read - quite unlike a text-book, rather a long, fascinating chat into the small hours” The Stage

Theatre games are a method of training actors that was developed in the 20th century by leading practitioners including Clive Barker, who trained actors at Joan Littlewood’s Theatre Workshop in its heyday. He developed his “theatre games” system over 20 years and proved its effectiveness for teachers, students and actors alike. His famous book combines his philosophy and approach to games, describes how to play them and the acting skills which can develop out of them. The games are arranged in order of complexity and illustrated with photographs and diagrams.

This re-issue of this classic and timeless text now includes a DVD with video material showing Clive Barker teaching his games in a studio and contains background information and first hand material from Clive himself. Theatre Games will enable anyone involved in acting to develop their technique without inhibition or artificiality.
The Theatre Guide
Authors: Griffiths Trevor R.
Published: November 2017

With over 500 entries on the most important plays and playwrights performed today, The Theatre Guide provides an authoritative A - Z of the contemporary theatre scene. From Aristophanes to Mark Ravenhill, The Alchemist to The Talking Cure, the Guide is both biographically detailed and critically current, while an extensive cross-referencing system allows for wider perspectives and new discoveries. Stimulating, observant and informative, The Theatre Guide is an essential companion and reference tool for anyone with an active interest in drama.
The Theatre of Bertolt Brecht
Authors: Willett John
Published: November 2017

This study of Brecht’s theatre from eight different aspects was first published in 1959. The book aims to explain the difficult aspects of his ideology and political leanings in a straightforward manner. It traces his stylistic development as a playwright and stage director through each of his major plays and explains his evolving notion of epic theatre within the political and social climate of the 1920s, Marxism, Nazism and post-war Communism.
Directing Amateur Theatre
Authors: Sharman Helen E.
Published: November 2017

In the world of amateur theatre, the role of director is challenging and wide-ranging. As the leader of a team, you can face problems on any aspect of the production which you will be expected to solve.

This book contains all the advice you will need to successfully direct and manage an amateur show. The author guides the reader through every stage of the director's role from choosing the right play, running auditions, managing the back stage crew and the rehearsal process, to the week of the show.
Taking Stage
Authors: Manfull Helen
Published: November 2017

Taking Stage follows the careers and approaches of thirteen women directors who have risen to the top of their profession in the British and Irish theatre. The various stories told here in candid interviews show just how hard the path and journey has been for women ambitious to have a career in what has always been a male preserve. They talk about their own working methods and their most celebrated productions from preparation, to working on a text, to casting decisions, rehearsals, defining space and learning to take charge. We learn about their influences, their network of support and the mutual respect each of these women has for the other.

"I recommend this book to anyone, male or female, who wants to know what it's like to be a director. These women speak candidly about the perils and pleasures of their own lives and along the way give us pointers towards a different kind of future" (Genista McIntosh, Executive Director, Royal National Theatre)
Brecht on Performance
Authors: Brecht Bertolt
Published: November 2017

Brecht on Performance: Messingkauf and Modelbooks presents a selection of Brecht's principal writings for directors and theatre practitioners, and is suitable for acting schools, directors, actors, students and teachers of Theatre Studies. Through these texts Brecht provides a general practical approach to acting and to realising texts for the stage that crystallises and makes concrete many of the more theoretical aspects of his other writing.

The volume is in two parts. The first features an entirely new commentated edition of Brecht's dialogues and essays about the practice of theatre, known as the Messingkauf, or Buying Brass, including the 'Practice Pieces' for actors (rehearsal scenes for classics by Shakespeare and Schiller). The second contains rehearsal and production records from Brecht's work on productions of Life of Galileo, Antigone, Mother Courage and others.
Screen Adaptations Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice
Authors: Cartmell Deborah
Published: November 2017

The study of literature on screen is a growing area of study in schools and universities. Many students have to produce critical essays comparing the novel and film versions of a particular text. The Screen Adaptations series offers a wealth of study material: from the literary context of the original work, through to thought-provoking comparisons of the screen versions, critical commentary and the afterlife of the films.

Pride and Prejudice is a classic piece of literature and any new adaptation is a major event. With several well-known TV and film version available (featuring stars such as Keira Knightley) as well as a Bollywood version, discussions around how these films interpret the story, themes and characters is a popular classroom choice for students and teachers alike.

This new title in the Screen Adaptations series, provides a rich source of material to help students understand and write about the reciprocal relationship between film and literature. It offers in-depth analysis of the various screen versions and alternative `readings' as well as critical insight and an interview with writer Andrew Davies, best known for his 1995 BBC adaptation. Following from Shakespeare, Jane Austen on screen is now an established part of literary studies and the volume will conclude with a survey of the growing body of literature in the field.
Costumes for the Stage
Authors: Jackson Sheila
Published: November 2017

For anyone producing costumes on a small budget, whether for schools, colleges or amateur, semi-professional or professional groups, this basic introduction offers practical advice for every kind of play, together with drawings, diagrams and patterns from which to work. It includes sections onm Greek plays, medieval miracles and mysteries, Shakespeare, 17th-century, 18th-century, Victorian and Edwardian costume. each section covers the details of men’s and women’s clothes and accessories, as well as methods for adapting and simplifying the style of the period.
The Alexander Technique for Musicians
Authors: Kleinmam Judith , Buckoke Peter
Published: November 2017

The Alexander Technique for Musicians is a unique guide for all musicians, providing a practical, informative approach to being a successful and comfortable performer. Perfect as an introduction to the Alexander Technique, or to supplement the reader's lessons, the book looks at daily and last-minute practice, breathing, performance and performance anxiety, teacher-pupil relationships, ensemble skills, and the application of the Alexander Technique to instrumental and vocal work.

Complete with diagrams and photographs to aid the learning process, as well as step-by-step procedures and diary entries written by participating students, The Alexander Technique for Musicians gives tried-and-tested advice, drawn from the authors' twenty-plus years of experience working with musicians, providing an essential handbook for musicians seeking the most from themselves and their art.