bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Practice Patterns and Beliefs in the Management of Hamstrings Strain Injuries
Authors: Di Trani Lobacz Andrea , Glutting Joseph , Kaminski Thomas W.
Published: September 2016

Hamstrings strain injuries (HSIs) are among the most commonly occurring injuries in sport and are top causes of missed playing time. Lingering symptoms, prolonged recovery, and a high reinjury rate (12%–34%) make HSI management a frustrating and challenging process for the athletic trainer (AT). The clinical practice patterns and opinions of ATs regarding HSI treatment and rehabilitation are unknown.Context:

 To examine the frequency of method use and opinions about current HSI management among ATs.Objective:

 Cross-sectional study.Design:

 Survey administered to registrants at the 2013 National Athletic Trainers' Association Clinical Symposia and AT Expo.Setting:

 A total of 1356 certified ATs (691 men, 665 women; age = 35.4 ± 10.5 years, time certified = 11.92 ± 9.75 years).Patients or Other Participants:

 A survey was distributed electronically to 7272 registrants and on paper to another 700 attendees. Validity and reliability were established before distribution. Participants reported demographic information and rated their frequency of treatment and rehabilitation method use and agreement with questions assessing confidence, satisfaction, and desire for better clinical practice guidelines. Exploratory factor analysis and principal axis factor analysis were used. We also calculated descriptive statistics and χ2 tests to assess practice patterns.Data Collection and Analysis:

 The response rate was 17% (n = 1356). A 2-factor solution was accepted for factor analysis (r = 0.76, r = 0.70), indicating that ATs follow either a contemporary or traditional management style. Various practice patterns were evident across employment settings and years of clinical experience. Satisfaction with the current HSI management plan was high (73.6%), whereas confidence in returning an athlete to play was lower (62.0%). Rates of use were associated with belief in effectiveness for all methods assessed (P < .001). Higher confidence levels were associated with high use of several methods; we observed increased satisfaction ( = 22.5, P = .002) but not increased confidence levels in more experienced ATs.Results:

Our study demonstrated the lack of consensus in HSI treatment and rehabilitation and the ATs' desire for better clinical practice guidelines. Future research in which multimodal strategies, including both traditional and contemporary methods, are studied is warranted for effective management of HSI.Conclusions:
Athletic Training and Public Health Summit
Authors: Hoffman Mark , Bovbjerg Viktor , Hannigan Kim , Hootman Jennifer M. , Johnson Sam T. , Kucera Kristen L. , Norcross Marc F.
Published: September 2016

Objective: To introduce athletic trainers to the benefits of using a population-based approach to injury and illness prevention and to explore opportunities for partnering with public health professionals on these initiatives.

Background: Athletic trainers play leading roles in individual injury and illness prevention but are less familiar with policy development, evaluation, and implementation from a population-level standpoint. The Athletic Training and Public Health Summit was convened to understand, explore, and develop the intersection of athletic training and public health.

Conclusions: To further the integration of athletic training within the public health arena, athletic trainers must expand their professional focus beyond the individual to the population level.
Epidemiologic Measures for Quantifying the Incidence of Concussion in National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Roos Karen G. , Djoko Aristarque , Dalton Sara L. , Broglio Steven P. , Marshall Stephen W. , Dompier Thomas P.
Published: September 2016

Context:

Injury rates compare the relative frequency of sport-related concussions across groups. However, they may not be intuitive to policy makers, parents, or coaches in understanding the likelihood of concussion.

Objective:

To describe 4 measures of incidence (athlete-based rate, athlete-based risk, team-based rate, and team-based risk) during the 2011–2012 through 2014–2015 academic years.

Design:

 Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting:

Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program in 13 sports (men's baseball, basketball, football, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, and wrestling and women's basketball, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, softball, and volleyball).

Patients or Other Participants:

Collegiate student-athletes.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Sport-related concussion data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program during the 2011–2012 through 2014–2015 academic years were analyzed. We calculated concussion rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), concussion risk, average number of concussions per team, and percentage of teams with at least 1 concussion.

Results:

During the 2011–2012 through 2014–2015 academic years, 1485 concussions were sustained by 1410 student-athletes across 13 sports. Concussion rates ranged from 0.09/1000 AEs in men's baseball to 0.89/1000 AEs in men's wrestling. Concussion risk ranged from 0.74% in men's baseball to 7.92% in men's wrestling. The average ± SD number of concussions per team ranged from 0.25 ± 0.43 in men's baseball to 5.63 ± 5.36 in men's football. The percentage of teams with a concussion ranged from 24.5% in men's baseball to 80.6% in men's football.

Conclusions

Although men's wrestling had a higher concussion rate and risk, men's football had the largest average number of concussions per team and the largest percentage of teams with at least 1 concussion. The risk of concussion, average number of concussions per team, and percentage of teams with concussions may be more intuitive measures of incidence for decision makers. Calculating these additional measures is feasible within existing injury surveillance programs, and this method can be applied to other injury types.
Glenohumeral and Hip Range-of-Motion and Strength Measures in Youth Baseball Athletes
Authors: Picha Kelsey J. , Harding Josie L. , Bliven Kellie C. Huxel
Published: September 2016

Context: The repetitive demands of throwing affect glenohumeral (GH) range of motion (ROM) and strength. Less is known about hip alterations in skeletally immature athletes.

Objective: To compare GH and hip ROM and strength between age, position, and side of youth baseball athletes.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Multicenter testing.

Patients or Other Participants: Seventy-two healthy baseball athletes. Participants' self-reported characteristics were age group (7−11 years [n = 28] or 12−18 years [n = 44]), position (pitcher [n = 22], position player [n = 47], unreported [n = 3]), and side (throwing or nonthrowing arm, lead or stance leg).

Main Outcome Measure(s): Bilateral GH and hip internal- and external-rotation ROM were measured passively and summed for total arc of motion (TAM). Glenohumeral and hip rotation and gluteus medius strength were measured. Analyses included linear mixed models.

Results: Glenohumeral internal rotation was less in throwing than in nonthrowing arms (P < .05) except in younger pitchers (P = .86). Compared with older athletes, younger athletes had more GH external rotation (103.3° ± 7.7° versus 97.5° ± 9.4°; P = .002), TAM (156.4° ± 8.7° versus 147.9° ± 10.9°; P = .04), and external rotation in throwing compared with nonthrowing arms (101.9° ± 1.2° versus 97.9° ± 1.1°; P < .001). Glenohumeral TAM was less in throwing than in nonthrowing arms (150.5° ± 2.1° versus 154.9° ± 1.3°; P = .01). Younger athletes had more hip internal rotation (38.9° ± 6.8° versus 31.2° ± 7.5°; P < .001) and TAM (68.4° ± 10.0° versus 60.7° ± 9.8°; P = .001) than older athletes. Lead-leg hip internal-rotation ROM was greater than in the stance leg (34.8° ± 8.9° versus 32.8° ± 7.7°; P = .01). Overall, older players were stronger than younger players (P < .05), and the throwing arm was stronger in internal rotation than the nonthrowing arm (10.12 ± 3.72 lb [4.59 ± 1.69 kg] versus 9.43 ± 3.18 lb [4.28 ± 1.44 kg]; P = .047).

Conclusions: Youth baseball athletes had typical GH ROM adaptations of less internal rotation and more external rotation in the throwing versus the nonthrowing arm. Greater ROM in younger athletes may be explained by prepubertal characteristics. We obtained hip-strength values in youth baseball athletes, and as expected, older athletes were stronger.
Positive Factors Influencing the Advancement of Women to the Role of Head Athletic Trainer in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions II and III
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Eason Christianne M.
Published: September 2016

Context: Research suggests that women do not pursue leadership positions in athletic training due to a variety of reasons, including family challenges, organizational constraints, and reluctance to hold the position. The literature has been focused on the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I setting, limiting our full understanding.

Objective: To examine factors that help women as they worked toward the position of head athletic trainer.

Design: Qualitative study.

Setting: Divisions II and III.

Patients or Other Participants: Seventy-seven women who were employed as head athletic trainers at the Division II or III level participated in our study. Participants were 38 ± 9 (range = 24−57) years old and had an average of 14 ± 8 (range = 1−33) years of athletic training experience.

Data Collection and Analysis: We conducted online interviews. Participants journaled their reflections to a series of open-ended questions pertaining to their experiences as head athletic trainers. Data were analyzed using a general inductive approach. Credibility was secured by peer review and researcher triangulation.

Results: Three organizational facilitators emerged from the data, workplace atmosphere, mentors, and past work experiences. These organizational factors were directly tied to aspects within the athletic trainer's employment setting that allowed her to enter the role. One individual-level facilitator was found: personal attributes that were described as helpful for women in transitioning to the role of the head athletic trainer. Participants discussed being leaders and persisting toward their career goals.

Conclusions: Women working in Divisions II and III experience similar facilitators to assuming the role of head athletic trainer as those working in the Division I setting. Divisions II and III were viewed as more favorable for women seeking the role of head athletic trainer, but like those in the role in the Division I setting, women must have leadership skills.
Educating Educators: Perceptions of Preceptors and Clinical Education Coordinators Regarding Training at a Division II Athletic Training Program
Authors: Bomar Renae Ellen , Mulvihill Thalia
Published: September 2016

Context: Clinical experiences give the student athletic trainer the opportunity to relate and apply didactic information to a real-world setting. During these experiences student athletic trainers are supervised by certified, licensed health care providers working in a variety of settings (eg, hospital, physical therapy clinic, doctor's office). It is important to note the responsibilities these health care professionals (preceptors) take on when choosing to become a preceptor. Not only are they completing their normal, job-related tasks of patient care and administrative duties, but they are also responsible for the education and evaluation of student athletic trainers.

Objective: This case study takes an in-depth look at a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II athletic training program's (ATP) preceptor training model and provides an example of how 1 program is developing its preceptors under the new Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) policies. It is meant to lay the foundation for further research in preceptor development by providing a description of training and development practices. This case study can be used as a guide to other ATPs and compared to other institutions to identify the best practices for preceptor development. Because the policies are new and little research has been done on preceptor development, this is the first step in creating effective evidence-based practices.

Design: Ethnographic case study.

Setting: One-on-one, in-person, semistructured interviews were conducted, audio recorded, and transcribed verbatim. A review of relevant (eg, training manuals) preceptor training documents was completed. Member checks were done as necessary for accuracy.

Participants: One male, veteran off-campus preceptor, 1 female, novice on-campus preceptor, and the ATP clinical education coordinator participated. Participants were part of an NCAA Division II ATP located in Indiana.

Results and Conclusions: The findings suggested that this program's preceptor training used various pedagogical designs and provided strong support to those involved.
Perceptions of the Benefits to Using a Secondary Admissions Process in Professional Bachelor's Athletic Training Programs
Authors: Bowman Thomas G. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Dodge Thomas M.
Published: September 2016

Context: Some athletic training program (ATP) directors use direct admit, where students are admitted into the ATP directly out of high school. Other ATP directors admit students into the program after a set time period on campus through a secondary admissions process. It remains unknown why ATP directors use various admissions practices.

Objective: To determine why ATP directors use a secondary admissions process.

Design: Qualitative study.

Setting: Professional bachelor's ATPs.

Patients or Other Participants: We asked ATP directors from all 343 professional bachelor's ATPs to participate in an online survey. We received responses from 177 (51.6%).

Main Outcome Measure(s): The survey asked participants both when students are first eligible for admission into their ATP and to explain the rationale behind their specific admissions process. We used grounded theory to analyze the data and maintained the trustworthiness of the analysis via multiple-analyst triangulation, member checks, and a peer review.

Results: The majority (92.1%) of respondents used a secondary admissions process to formally select students into their ATP. The ATP directors stated that opportunities for socialization, the ability to maintain quality control, and the chance to complete general education requirements were important reasons to admit students into the ATP after they have been on campus for at least 1 semester.

Conclusions: The use of a secondary admissions process appears to help ATPs provide a glimpse of the profession through observation and introductory coursework. The secondary admissions process also allows faculty and staff to evaluate student potential, while students are given time to focus on their transition to college life. We believe the timing of formal admittance to the ATP is an important decision that warrants thought and discussion between the program faculty and staff to provide curricular sequencing that works for both prospective students and the ATP faculty and staff.
Small-Group Standardized Patient Encounter Improves Athletic Training Students' Psychosocial Intervention and Referral Skills
Authors: Walker Stacy E. , Weidner Thomas G. , Thrasher Ashley B.
Published: September 2016

Context: Athletic trainers provide psychological support, counseling, intervention, and referral to patients during clinical practice. However, students are rarely exposed to real-life opportunities to develop these skills.

Objective: To determine if a small-group standardized patient (SP) encounter improved athletic training students' interpersonal communication, psychosocial intervention, and referral skills.

Design: Cohort.

Setting: One Midwestern university.

Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-nine (14 male, 25 female; age = 22 ± 1.0 years) senior athletic training students.

Intervention(s): The experimental group (n = 20) engaged in a small-group SP encounter to teach interpersonal communication, psychosocial intervention, and referral skills, in addition to normally scheduled classes and clinical education. The control group (n = 19) engaged only in routine classroom and clinical education. Both groups participated in an individual SP encounter to assess skills.

Main Outcome Measure(s): A 19-item dichotomous checklist (yes/no) assessed participants on their interpersonal communication, psychosocial intervention, and referral skills (eg, listened with interest, asked about eating habits and menstrual period) during the individual SP encounter. A Fisher exact test evaluated differences between the experimental and control group scores for each checklist item. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare combined checklist scores between the experimental and control groups. A Bonferroni correction was performed to control for multiple comparisons.

Results: The experimental group experienced a significant increase in psychosocial intervention and referral skills (U = 77.5, P = 0.001), but there was no difference between the 2 groups on interpersonal communication skills (U = 138, P = .149). Participants in the experimental group asked the SP about coping strategies for stress more often than the control group (Fisher exact test P < .001).

Conclusions: A small-group SP encounter improved the participants' psychosocial intervention and referral skills but not their interpersonal communication skills. These results suggest a small-group SP encounter can provide learning experiences to better prepare athletic training students for clinical practice.
Exploring Senior Level Athletic Training Students' Perceptions on Burnout and Work-Life Balance
Authors: Barrett Jessica L. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Eason Christianne M.
Published: September 2016

Context: The professional socialization process enables athletic training students (ATSs) to gain insights into behaviors, values, and attitudes that characterize their chosen profession. However, the process often focuses on skill development over professional issues. ATSs may be exposed to burnout and work-life conflict, which may impact their professional perceptions.

Objective: Examine the cumulative impact of professional socialization on the ATS regarding their perceptions of burnout and work-life balance.

Design: Qualitative research.

Setting: Semistructured interviews with 6 individuals and 4 focus groups.

Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-three ATSs enrolled in their final semester of Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited programs at 5 universities (9 male, 14 female; average age = 22 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s): Data collection occurred from 2 cohorts over a 2-year period. Participants completed focus group or individual interviews following the same interview guide. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. A general inductive analysis was used to evaluate the data. Themes were enumerated by counting the frequency with which a viewpoint was mentioned. Not all students answered each question. Member checks and a peer review established data credibility.

Results: Three major themes emerged from our analysis, where ATSs reported (1) perceiving burnout, (2) recognizing burnout in their preceptors and professors, and (3) that work-life imbalance may be a challenge in the future. Athletic training students described experiencing feelings they attributed to burnout while recognizing similar signs in classmates and preceptors or professors, and acknowledged that having a family could be difficult in the future.

Conclusions: Despite these seemingly negative findings, this group of ATSs was not influenced to leave the profession. Observing their preceptors use strategies and positive behaviors gave them hope for the future. Professionals must understand the importance of appropriate socialization when students are exposed to potentially negative situations so they remain optimistic about entering the field.
Self-Funding a Postprofessional Athletic Training Residency
Authors: Wetherington Jefferson J. , Pecha Forrest Q. , Homaechevarria Alejandro
Published: September 2016

Context: Postprofessional athletic training residencies (PP-ATRs) are formal educational programs that provide advanced professional preparation for an athletic trainer. These programs are intended to provide clinical and didactic education in a focused area of clinical practice. Identifying and procuring funding to support athletic training residencies can be extremely difficult.

Objective: To provide a basic understanding of the foundational requirements of a PP-ATR and to explain some of the basic principles behind funding a PP-ATR.

Conclusion(s): Orthopaedic and physical therapy residencies have been able to demonstrate supporting the costs of those residencies through billable patient visits and/or improving clinic efficiency. As they progress through training, athletic training residents are able to increase patient volumes by 3-4 patients in a physician practice setting. In addition, the resident also indirectly generates revenue for the practice, thus offsetting the cost of the residency.
Athletic Training Students' Perceptions of Mentorship in Clinical Education
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Eason Christianne M. , Nottingham Sara , Barrett Jessica L.
Published: September 2016

Context: Mentorship is a developmental process whereby a novice individual, as he/she becomes inducted into his/her area of expertise, is guided by a more experienced person. Speculation exists that years of experience can impact this relationship.

Objective: To determine the impact mentoring can have on athletic training student development and evaluate if experience as a preceptor is viewed as influential on the mentor experience.

Design: Mixed-methods study.

Setting: Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education accredited programs.

Patients or Other Participants: We recruited 17 (14 females, 3 males) athletic training students to participate in our study. On average, our participants were 21 ± 1 years old and represented varying levels of academic standing (1 sophomore, 9 juniors, 7 seniors). All participants indicated they currently had a mentor when asked directly.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants responded to the Athletic Training Perceptions of Effective Mentoring survey and 14 open-ended interview questions regarding their perceptions of mentoring. An inductive approach was used to identify themes and supporting categories. Trustworthiness was established by using multiple-analyst triangulation, peer review and piloting of the instruments, and triangulation of data using a mixed-methods approach.

Results: Athletic training students perceive their mentoring experiences as those that provide support and understanding, advance their clinical practice, and allow for the development of career goals. Age and experience did not appear to impact the overall experience of the student but rather facilitates the type of mentoring relationship developed.

Conclusions: Mentoring was perceived to be an advantageous aspect of the socialization process for the athletic training student. It provided support and understanding during times of increased stress, allowed for the development of clinical skills, and provided the chance to cultivate a professional identity.
Standardized Patients Provide a Reliable Assessment of Athletic Training Students' Clinical Skills
Authors: Armstrong Kirk J. , Jarriel Amanda J.
Published: September 2016

Context: Providing students reliable objective feedback regarding their clinical performance is of great value for ongoing clinical skill assessment. Since a standardized patient (SP) is trained to consistently portray the case, students can be assessed and receive immediate feedback within the same clinical encounter; however, no research, to our knowledge, has documented the reliability of the SP at assessing student performance.

Objective: To determine if SPs provide a reliable assessment of athletic training students' performance in obtaining a patient history and completing a physical examination relative to athletic training faculty.

Design: Reliability study.

Setting: Athletic training simulation lab.

Patients or Other Participants: Two SPs and 2 athletic training faculty assessed 35 students (n = 20 junior; n = 15 senior) in athletic training cohorts from a public liberal arts institution in southeast United States.

Intervention(s): Athletic training students completed 2 SP encounters per semester throughout 1 academic year in the athletic training program, totaling 4 SP encounters.

Main Outcome Measure(s): After each SP encounter, athletic training faculty and SPs completed the same clinical performance checklist developed specifically for each encounter. The checklist included yes/no items related to obtaining a patient history (10–12 items each) and completing a physical examination (12–15 items each). For each SP encounter, composite scores were computed for both history and physical examination items from the athletic training faculty and SPs. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) determined interrater reliability between athletic training faculty and SPs for history and physical exam items.

Results: Reliability coefficients between the SP and athletic training faculty indicated fair to strong agreement for most history and physical examination items. Significance was found for history items in the cervical spine emergency (ICC = 0.671, P = .002), knee (ICC = 0.696, P = .003), low back (ICC = 0.622, P = .002), concussion (ICC = 0.764, P = .004), general medical (ICC = 0.571, P = .008), and psychosocial intervention (ICC = 0.572, P = .008) encounters. The reliability coefficients were significant regarding physical exam items for the cervical spine emergency (ICC = 0.588, P = .01), low back (ICC = 0.766, P > .001), concussion (ICC = 0.792, P = .001), and general medical (ICC = 0.878, P > .001) encounters.

Conclusions: Overall, the SPs provided a reliable assessment of the athletic training students' clinical performance for obtaining a patient history and completing a physical examination. Given these results, devoting additional time during SP training should increase the reliability of the SP.
A categorification of non-crossing partitions
Authors: Hubery Andrew , Krause Henning
Published: September 2016

We present a categorification of the non-crossing partitions given by crystallographic Coxeter groups. This involves a category of certain bilinear lattices, which are essentially determined by a symmetrisable generalised Cartan matrix together with a particular choice of a Coxeter element. Examples arise from Grothendieck groups of hereditary artin algebras.
Kirkwood gaps and diffusion along mean motion resonances in the restricted planar three-body problem
Authors: Féjoz Jacques , Guardia Marcel , Kaloshin Vadim , Roldán Pablo
Published: September 2016

We study the dynamics of the restricted planar three-body problem near mean motion resonances, i.e. a resonance involving the Keplerian periods of the two lighter bodies revolving around the most massive one. This problem is often used to model Sun–Jupiter–asteroid systems. For the primaries (Sun and Jupiter), we pick a realistic mass ratio

\mu=10^{-3}

and a small eccentricity

e_0>0

. The main result is a construction of a variety of
non local
diffusing orbits which show a drastic change of the osculating (instant) eccentricity of the asteroid, while the osculating semi major axis is kept almost constant. The proof relies on the careful analysis of the circular problem, which has a hyperbolic structure, but for which diffusion is prevented by KAM tori. In the proof we verify certain non-degeneracy conditions numerically.

Based on the work of Treschev, it is natural to conjecture that the time of diffusion for this problem is

\sim \frac{-\ln (\mu e_0)}{\mu^{3/2} e_0}

. We expect our instability mechanism to apply to realistic values of

e_0

and we give heuristic arguments in its favor. If so, the applicability of Nekhoroshev theory to the three-body problem as well as the long time stability become questionable.

It is well known that, in the Asteroid Belt, located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, the distribution of asteroids has the so-called
Kirkwood gaps
exactly at mean motion resonances of low order. Our mechanism gives a possible explanation of their existence. To relate the existence of Kirkwood gaps with Arnol'd diffusion, we also state a conjecture on its existence for a typical

\epsilon

-perturbation of the product of the pendulum and the rotator. Namely, we predict that a positive conditional measure of initial conditions concentrated in the main resonance exhibits Arnol’d diffusion on time scales

\frac{- \ln \epsilon }{\epsilon^{2}}

.
Moving Finite Element Methods for a System of Semi-Linear Fractional Diffusion Equations
Authors: Ma Jingtang , Zhou Zhiqiang
Published: September 2016

This paper studies a system of semi-linear fractional diffusion equations which arise in competitive predator-prey models by replacing the second-order derivatives in the spatial variables with fractional derivatives of order less than two. Moving finite element methods are proposed to solve the system of fractional diffusion equations and the convergence rates of the methods are proved. Numerical examples are carried out to confirm the theoretical findings. Some applications in anomalous diffusive Lotka-Volterra and Michaelis-Menten-Holling predator-prey models are studied.
Strong Convergence Analysis of Split-Step θ-Scheme for Nonlinear Stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps
Authors: Yang Xu , Zhao Weidong
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we investigate the mean-square convergence of the split-step θ-scheme for nonlinear stochastic differential equations with jumps. Under some standard assumptions, we rigorously prove that the strong rate of convergence of the split-step θ-scheme in strong sense is one half. Some numerical experiments are carried out to assert our theoretical result.
Relations with parents and identity statuses in the relational domain in emerging adults
Authors: Michałek Justyna
Published: September 2016

Background

Emerging adulthood is a core developmental period in which individuals can develop a meaningful identity in the relational domain (with a romantic partner). The aim of the study was to examine relationships between relations with parents and identity statuses in the relational domain in emerging adults.

Participants and procedure

Participants were 266 (47.30% males) emerging adults (M = 22.50, SD = 1.73). They completed self-report measures of relations with parents and identity.

Results

More than half of the participants were in the moratorium status or were not involved in a romantic relationship (35% and 29%, respectively). Relations with parents were linked to identity statuses in the relational domain. Particularly, the perception of low autonomy given by the father was related to less mature identity statuses.

Conclusions

This study highlighted that transition from singleness to stable partnerships seems to be challenging. Therefore, it is important to examine correlates of identity statuses in this domain.
Volatility and lifetime against OH heterogeneous reaction of ambient
isoprene-epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA)
Authors: Hu Weiwei , Palm Brett B. , Day Douglas A. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Krechmer Jordan E. , Peng Zhe , de Sá Suzane S. , Martin Scot T. , Alexander M. Lizabeth , Baumann Karsten , Hacker Lina , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Koss Abigail R. , de Gouw Joost A. , Goldstein Allen H. , Seco Roger , Sjostedt Steven J. , Park Jeong-Hoo , Guenther Alex B. , Kim Saewung , Canonaco Francesco , Prévôt André S. H. , Brune William H. , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Isoprene-epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) can contribute substantially to organic aerosol (OA) concentrations in forested areas under low NO conditions, hence significantly influencing the regional and global OA budgets, accounting, for example, for 16–36 % of the submicron OA in the southeastern United States (SE US) summer. Particle evaporation measurements from a thermodenuder show that the volatility of ambient IEPOX-SOA is lower than that of bulk OA and also much lower than that of known monomer IEPOX-SOA tracer species, indicating that IEPOX-SOA likely exists mostly as oligomers in the aerosol phase. The OH aging process of ambient IEPOX-SOA was investigated with an oxidation flow reactor (OFR). New IEPOX-SOA formation in the reactor was negligible, as the OFR does not accelerate processes such as aerosol uptake and reactions that do not scale with OH. Simulation results indicate that adding  ∼  100 µg m−3 of pure H2SO4 to the ambient air allows IEPOX-SOA to be efficiently formed in the reactor. The heterogeneous reaction rate coefficient of ambient IEPOX-SOA with OH radical (kOH) was estimated as 4.0 ± 2.0  ×  10−13 cm3 molec−1 s−1, which is equivalent to more than a 2-week lifetime. A similar kOH was found for measurements of OH oxidation of ambient Amazon forest air in an OFR. At higher OH exposures in the reactor (>  1  ×  1012 molec cm−3 s), the mass loss of IEPOX-SOA due to heterogeneous reaction was mainly due to revolatilization of fragmented reaction products. We report, for the first time, OH reactive uptake coefficients (γOH =  0.59 ± 0.33 in SE US and γOH =  0.68 ± 0.38 in Amazon) for SOA under ambient conditions. A relative humidity dependence of kOH and γOH was observed, consistent with surface-area-limited OH uptake. No decrease of kOH was observed as OH concentrations increased. These observations of physicochemical properties of IEPOX-SOA can help to constrain OA impact on air quality and climate.
An observational constraint on stomatal function in forests: evaluating
coupled carbon and water vapor exchange with carbon isotopes in the
Community Land Model (CLM4.5)
Authors: Raczka Brett , Duarte Henrique F. , Koven Charles D. , Ricciuto Daniel , Thornton Peter E. , Lin John C. , Bowling David R.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Land surface models are useful tools to quantify contemporary and future climate impact on terrestrial carbon cycle processes, provided they can be appropriately constrained and tested with observations. Stable carbon isotopes of CO2 offer the potential to improve model representation of the coupled carbon and water cycles because they are strongly influenced by stomatal function. Recently, a representation of stable carbon isotope discrimination was incorporated into the Community Land Model component of the Community Earth System Model. Here, we tested the model's capability to simulate whole-forest isotope discrimination in a subalpine conifer forest at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA. We distinguished between isotopic behavior in response to a decrease of δ13C within atmospheric CO2 (Suess effect) vs. photosynthetic discrimination (Δcanopy), by creating a site-customized atmospheric CO2 and δ13C of CO2 time series. We implemented a seasonally varying Vcmax model calibration that best matched site observations of net CO2 carbon exchange, latent heat exchange, and biomass. The model accurately simulated observed δ13C of needle and stem tissue, but underestimated the δ13C of bulk soil carbon by 1–2 ‰. The model overestimated the multiyear (2006–2012) average Δcanopy relative to prior data-based estimates by 2–4 ‰. The amplitude of the average seasonal cycle of Δcanopy (i.e., higher in spring/fall as compared to summer) was correctly modeled but only when using a revised, fully coupled An − gs (net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance) version of the model in contrast to the partially coupled An − gs version used in the default model. The model attributed most of the seasonal variation in discrimination to An, whereas interannual variation in simulated Δcanopy during the summer months was driven by stomatal response to vapor pressure deficit (VPD). The model simulated a 10 % increase in both photosynthetic discrimination and water-use efficiency (WUE) since 1850 which is counter to established relationships between discrimination and WUE. The isotope observations used here to constrain CLM suggest (1) the model overestimated stomatal conductance and (2) the default CLM approach to representing nitrogen limitation (partially coupled model) was not capable of reproducing observed trends in discrimination. These findings demonstrate that isotope observations can provide important information related to stomatal function driven by environmental stress from VPD and nitrogen limitation. Future versions of CLM that incorporate carbon isotope discrimination are likely to benefit from explicit inclusion of mesophyll conductance.
Coral reef origins of atmospheric dimethylsulfide at Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Authors: Swan Hilton B. , Jones Graham B. , Deschaseaux Elisabeth S. M. , Eyre Bradley D.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Atmospheric dimethylsulfide (DMSa), continually derived from the world’s oceans, is a feed gas for the tropospheric production of new sulfate particles, leading to cloud condensation nuclei that influence the formation and properties of marine clouds, and ultimately the Earth’s radiation budget. Previous studies on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, have indicated coral reefs are significant sessile sources of DMSa capable of enhancing the tropospheric DMSa burden mainly derived from phytoplankton in the surface ocean; however, specific evidence of coral reef DMS emissions and their characteristics is lacking. By using on-site automated continuous analysis of DMSa and meteorological parameters at Heron Island in the southern GBR, we show that the coral reef was the source of occasional spikes of DMSa identified above the oceanic DMSa background signal. In most instances, these DMSa spikes were detected at low tide under low wind speeds, indicating they originated from the lagoonal platform reef surrounding the island, although evidence of longer range transport of DMSa from a 70 km stretch of coral reefs in the southern GBR was also observed. The most intense DMSa spike occurred in the winter dry season at low tide when convective precipitation fell onto the aerially exposed platform reef. This co-occurrence of events appeared to biologically shock the coral resulting in a seasonally aberrant extreme DMSa spike concentration of 45.9 nmol m−3 (1122 ppt). Seasonal DMS emission fluxes for the 2012 wet season and 2013 dry season campaigns at Heron Island were 5.0 and 1.4 µmol m−2 d−1, respectively, of which the coral reef was estimated to contribute 4 % during the wet season and 14 % during the dry season to the dominant oceanic flux.
Development of a probabilistic ocean modelling system based on NEMO 3.5: application at eddying resolution
Authors: Bessières Laurent , Leroux Stéphanie , Brankart Jean-Michel , Molines Jean-Marc , Moine Marie-Pierre , Bouttier Pierre-Antoine , Penduff Thierry , Terray Laurent , Barnier Bernard , Sérazin Guillaume
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This paper presents the technical implementation of a new, probabilistic version of the NEMO ocean/sea-ice modelling system. Ensemble simulations with N members running simultaneously within a single executable, and interacting mutually if needed, are made possible through an enhanced MPI strategy including a double parallelization in the spatial and ensemble dimensions. An example application is then given to illustrate the implementation, performances and potential use of this novel probabilistic modelling tool. A large ensemble of 50 global ocean/sea-ice hindcasts has been performed over the period 1960–2015 at eddy-permitting resolution (1/4°) for the OCCIPUT project. This application is aimed to simultaneously simulate the intrinsic/chaotic and the atmospherically-forced contributions to the ocean variability, from meso-scale turbulence to interannual-to-multidecadal time scales. Such an ensemble indeed provides a unique way to disantangle and study both contributions, as the forced variability may be estimated through the ensemble mean, and the intrinsic chaotic variability may be estimated through the ensemble spread.
Enabling BOINC in Infrastructure as a Service Cloud Systems
Authors: Montes Diego , Añel Juan A. , Pena Tomás F. , Uhe Peter , Wallom David C. H.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Volunteer or Crowd computing is becoming increasingly popular to solve complex research problems, from an increasing diverse range of areas. The majority of these have been built using the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) platform, which provides a range of different services to manage all computation aspects of a project. The BOINC system is ideal in those cases where not only does the research community involved need low cost access to massive computing resource but also that there is a significant public interest in the research done. We discuss the way in which Cloud services can help BOINC based projects to deliver results in a fast, on demand manner. This is difficult to achieve using volunteers, and at the same time, using scalable cloud resources for short on demand projects can optimize the use of the available resources. We show how this design can be used as an efficient distributed computing plat- form within the Cloud, and outline new approaches that could open up new possibilities in this field, using http://climateprediction.net as a case study.
Subgrid parameterization of snow distribution at a Mediterranean site using
terrestrial photography
Authors: Pimentel Rafael , Herrero Javier , Polo María José
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Subgrid variability introduces non-negligible scale effects on the GIS-based representation of snow. This heterogeneity is even more evident in semiarid regions, where the high variability of the climate produces various accumulation melting cycles throughout the year and a large spatial heterogeneity of the snow cover. This variability in a watershed can often be represented by snow depletion curves (DCs). In this study, terrestrial photography (TP) of a cell-sized area (30 x 30 m) was used to define local snow DCs at a Mediterranean site. Snow cover fraction (SCF) and snow depth (h) values obtained with this technique constituted the two datasets used to define DCs. A flexible sigmoid function was selected to parameterize snow behaviour on this subgrid scale. It was then fitted to meet five different snow patterns in the control area: one for the accumulation phase and four for the melting phase in a cycle within the snow season. Each pattern was successfully associated with the snow conditions and previous evolution. The resulting DCs were able to capture certain physical features of the snow, which were used in a decision-tree and included in the point snow model formulated by Herrero et al. (2009). The final performance of this model was tested against field observations recorded over four hydrological years (2009–2013). The calibration and validation of this DC-snow model was found to have a high level of accuracy with global RMSE values of 84.2 mm for the average snow depth and 0.18 m2 m-2 for the snow cover fraction in the control area. The use of DCs on the cell scale proposed in this research provided a sound basis for the extension of point snow models to larger areas by means of a gridded distributed calculation.
Sensitivity of potential evapotranspiration to changes in climate variables for different climatic zones
Authors: Guo Danlu , Westra Seth , Maier Holger R.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Understanding the factors that impact on the sensitivity of potential evapotranspiration (PET) to changes in different climate variables is critical to assessing the possible implications of anthropogenic climate change on the catchment water balance. Using global sensitivity analysis, this study assessed the implications of baseline climate conditions on the sensitivity of PET to a large range of plausible changes in temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), solar radiation (Rs) and wind speed (uz). The analysis was conducted at 30 Australian locations representing different climatic zones, using the Penman–Monteith and Priestley–Taylor PET models. Results from both models suggest that the baseline climate can have a substantial impact on overall PET sensitivity. In particular, approximately 2-fold greater changes in PET were observed in cool-climate energy-limited locations compared to other locations in Australia, indicating the potential for elevated water loss as a result of increasing actual evapotranspiration (AET) in these locations. The two PET models consistently indicated temperature to be the most important variable for PET, but showed large differences in the relative importance of the remaining climate variables. In particular, for the Penman–Monteith model wind and relative humidity were the second-most important variable for dry and humid catchments, respectively, whereas for the Priestley–Taylor model solar radiation was the second-most important variable, particularly for warmer catchments. This information can be useful to inform the selection of suitable PET models to estimate future PET for different climate conditions, providing evidence on both the structural plausibility and input uncertainty for the alternative models.
Management of Corporate Volunteers and the Effects of Volunteering on the Well-Being and Engagement of Employees: A Review and Framework for Future Research
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zeeshan
Published: September 2016

Employee volunteering is a topic of growing importance in workplaces around the globe. Similarly, growing research on this phenomenon has seen a significant increase over the past decade, most significantly in different manufacturing and service oriented firms. Nevertheless, the increased visibility of this notion, not much is written on this burning question and the direction for future research is also unclear. In addition, research is currently based on a variety of different definitions but nothing is said about the practices and the propositions which managers should acclimatize to foster enhanced volunteering initiatives within the organization. In order to advance management research on employee volunteering, this literature hinges upon on four contributions: (1) clarifying the theoretical background on corporate volunteering, (2) best practices which managers should adapt to foster corporate volunteering, (3) effects of volunteering on the well-being and engagement of employees, and (4) providing a future research agenda for the role of volunteering and its motives.
The Impact of a Substance Use Prevention Program on the Health Literacy of Youth in Guatemala City
Authors: Hoffman Steven , Marsiglia Flavio F.
Published: September 2016

Low health literacy is a major public health concern with serious human and economic implications. Unfortunately, in developing countries little is known about health literacy, and there are often no educational programs to promote it. This report explores the influence of an already existing substance use intervention on the health literacy of youth living in Guatemala City. T-test results indicated that students who went through the substance use prevention program had significantly higher scores on the health literacy assessment than their peers. Likewise, participation in the program significantly predicted differences in health literacy, even when accounting for academic performance and parent education. These findings are of particular importance to resource-poor countries. If health education and prevention programs that are already being utilized are found to have a positive impact on health literacy, policy makers could potentially address two significant public health issues with a single evidence-based program.