bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the interactions between wave groups in double-wave-group focusing
Authors: Zhou Binzhen , Ding Kanglixi , Wang Jiahao , Wang Lei , Jin Peng , Tang Tianning
Published: March 2023

Nonlinear interactions in wave-group focusing are regarded as one of the main mechanisms in the generation of destructive extreme waves. In real seas, the wideband bimodal state is a typical configuration, containing interactions within a single wave group and between different wave groups. The former has been well uncovered under the assumption of narrow bandwidth, but the latter is poorly understood. In this paper, physical experiments are conducted to reveal the physics of double-wave-group focusing considering various energy distributions. Superposed wavemaker signals generated by the iteration method are applied to produce a double-wave-group focusing with the interactions being decomposed. Results of the wavelet-based bicoherence spectrum show that double-wave-group focusing is distinguished from the linear superposition of two single-wave-group focusing mainly in the nonlinear interactions induced by the second-order sum harmonics. Under the assumption of equivalent energy, interactions of the second-order sum harmonics between the lower frequency group and higher frequency group cannot be ignored in swell-dominated states, and lesser linear interactions and stronger nonlinear interactions are observed while the spectral distribution of the double-wave-group is more asymmetrical. This work is anticipated to contribute to the understanding of the generation mechanism of extreme waves driven by strong nonlinearity.
Influences of the cavity leakage flow on shrouded stator performance at different inlet boundary layer shapes
Authors: Kong Xiaozhi , Huang Tianshuo , Liu Yuxin , Sun Yuze , Lu Huawei
Published: March 2023

By using the validated numerical method to simulate the annular shrouded stator with the inter-stage seal cavity, the stator aerodynamic performance related to the cavity leakage flow was examined. The current study also indicated the interactions between the leakage flow and the mainstream. Discussions on the developments of secondary flow movement and hub corner separation were conducted, and the performances at different incoming boundary layer shapes were assessed using both the total pressure loss coefficient and the entropy-based loss coefficient. The results indicate that the cavity leakage flow creates a new vortex close to the leading edge of blade and is crucial to the passage vortex development and the concentrated shedding vortex size. At the same time, the cavity leakage flow weakens the transverse deflection of flow near the end wall and strengthens the three-dimensional flow effect. The two loss coefficients for the shrouded stator with seal cavity change little by thickening the boundary layer. The proper boundary layer skew as well as the interacted cavity leakage flow have stronger resistance to the deflection of the passage vortex and the transverse pressure gradient.
Microscopic-Strain-Related Phenomena in Functional Oxides
Authors: Sato Yukio , Teranishi Ryo
Published: March 2023

Electron microscopy is a powerful method to characterize local strain in materials. In this chapter, it will be briefly reviewed how can local strain be measured and how do the strains alter physical properties of materials. Nowadays, atomic-scale microscopy can measure strain at the picometer level, and furthermore, such a capability is available under an external stimulus such as an electric field. It will be explained that local strain can have large impacts on various physical properties, such as electrical transport, ferroelectricity, and superconductivity.
Elastic Stress Driven Instabilities in Thin Films and their Assemblies
Authors: Gururajan M. P. , Kumar Sushil
Published: March 2023

Asaro–Tiller–Grinfeld (ATG) instabilities are elastic stress driven instabilities. This chapter begins with a detailed description of two approaches that are used to understand ATG instabilities, namely, the variational and perturbative analyses. These theoretical descriptions are followed by the description of phase field modelling to study the morphological evolution in thin films and their assemblies in 2- and 3-D. This section on the modelling studies shows how continuum models such as phase field models and their numerical implementation help in relaxing some of the restrictive assumptions and approximations made in the variational and perturbative analyses. The chapter ends with a summary and an indication of some promising avenues of exploration.
Index
Authors: Ramadurai Ranjith , Bhattacharyya Saswata
Published: March 2023

Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices provides a comprehensive overview of fundamentals, applications, and recent developments in the field of strain tuning of multifunctional materials. It collates and summarizes interrelations between strain and various functional properties, characterization techniques, theoretical understanding of strain effects, and how the application strain can lead to novel functional properties. The book addresses the role of strain at multiple length scales and summarizes theoretical analysis of the same. Verification of theoretical analysis are supported by the chapters pertaining to thin film fabrication and nanocomposites.

Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices:Provides extensive coverage of multifaceted aspects of strain engineering in functional materialsDelivers fundamental understanding of strain tuning of functional properties of materialsSummarizes recent developments and applications including first-principles/atomistic modeling, phase-field modeling, and state-of-the-art characterization techniques

Researchers, graduate students working in relevant areas of materials science and nanotechnology, and professionals working on smart materials and their applications will find this a relevant and useful resource.
Demographic changes in Australia’s regulated health professions: 6-year trends
Authors: Anderson Sarah , Saar Eva , Evans Jacinta , Rasmussen Michael , Bayyavarapu Sunita Bapuji , Main Penelope Ann Elizabeth , Stark Samantha , Townley Helen
Published: March 2023

Objective Studies of Australian health workforce demographics tend to be limited to single professions, a set geographic area, or based on incomplete data. This study aims to comprehensively describe changes to the demographic characteristics of Australia’s regulated health professions over 6 years. Methods Data were sourced from the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (Ahpra) registration database, and a retrospective analysis of 15 of the 16 regulated health professions between 1 July 2015 and 30 June 2021 was conducted. Variables including profession, age, gender and state/territory locations for the practitioners’ principal places of practice were analysed descriptively and via appropriate statistical tests. Results Changes in age, gender representation, and place of practice varied significantly and in different ways across the 15 professions. The total number of registered health practitioners increased by 141 161 (22%) from 2016 to 2021. The number of registered health practitioners per 100 000 population increased by 14% from 2016, with considerable variation across the professions. In 2021, women accounted for 76.3% of health practitioners across the 15 health professions, a significant increase of 0.5% points since 2016. Conclusions Changes to demographics, especially in ageing workforces and feminising professions, can have implications for workforce planning and sustainability. Future research could build on this demographic trend data by investigating causes or undertaking workforce supply or demand modelling.
A large proportion of genetic variation in cow and ewe body composition is independent of yearling composition
Authors: Pitchford W. S.
Published: March 2023

Context Commercial beef and sheep producers have adopted using condition score for management of cows and ewes to maximise productivity. Significant premiums are being paid for bulls and rams with higher-fat breeding values based on young animal measurements, with the aim of increased resilience in adult female progeny. Aims The aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between adult body condition score and young muscle and fat and also the genetic variation in condition that is independent of yearling traits. Methods Published genetic parameters for four large data sets from Angus and tropically adapted cattle, and composite and Merino sheep were used to partition genetic variation in adult condition that is associated with, or independent of, young composition measures. Key results One genetic standard deviation in young muscle or fat was associated with approximately just 0.1 adult body condition scores. Approximately ¾ of the genetic variation in adult body condition score (BCS) is independent of genetic variation in young weight and composition traits. Conclusions and implications Producers need to be careful with premiums paid for bulls and rams with superior yearling composition traits with the aim of changing adult BCS. The best way to achieve this is for seedstock breeders to record and report breeding values for cow and ewe BCS.
Asymbiotic germination of Prasophyllum (Orchidaceae) requires low mineral concentration
Authors: Freestone Marc , Linde Celeste , Swarts Nigel , Reiter Noushka
Published: March 2023

Context Asymbiotic germination is used for propagation of orchids and to assess seed viability. However, asymbiotic germination media remain undeveloped for Prasophyllum (Orchidaceae), a genus with 39 threatened species in southern Australia. Aims To develop asymbiotic germination and replate media for Prasophyllum, and determine whether survival of asymbiotically grown seedlings under nursery conditions is enhanced through the addition of a mycorrhizal fungus to potting media. Methods Using Prasophyllum frenchii as a model, we tested 81 asymbiotic germination medium combinations. The three best-performing media were then compared against four untested commercial media, with and without added coconut water and/or banana. The best-performing medium was trialled on 18 additional Prasophyllum species. Twenty-four replate media were then tested for their ability to support seedling development. We measured the survival of seedlings under nursery conditions with and without the addition of mycorrhizal Ceratobasidium fungus to potting media. Key results Low concentrations of minerals, auxins and cytokinins were necessary for asymbiotic germination of P. frenchii, although germination was highest overall on the commercial medium W9.5 with 5% coconut water. The most effective replate medium was W9 with 5% banana. However, survival of seedlings was 1.7%, 2 years after transferral to potting media in the nursery, regardless of the addition or absence of a mycorrhizal fungus. Conclusions Asymbiotic media can effectively germinate Prasophyllum seed, although deflasked seedlings have low survival rates. Implications Our media are broadly applicable to assess seed viability in Prasophyllum. However, poor survival of asymbiotically grown seedlings contrasts with recently published evidence of high seedling survival using symbiotic propagation methods, indicating that plants should be propagated symbiotically for conservation programs.
Honey bees infer source location from the dances of returning foragers
Authors: Wang Zhengwei , Chen Xiuxian , Becker Frank , Greggers Uwe , Walter Stefan , Werner Marleen , Gallistel Charles R. , Menzel Randolf
Published: March 2023

Honeybees (
Apis mellifera carnica
) communicate the direction and distance to a food source by means of a waggle dance. We ask whether bees recruited by the dance use it only as a flying instruction, with the technical form of a polar vector, or also translate it into a location vector that enables them to set courses directed toward the food source from arbitrary locations within their familiar territory. The flights of recruits captured on exiting the hive and released at distant sites were tracked by radar. The recruits performed first a straight flight in approximately the compass direction indicated by the dance. However, this “vector” portion of their flights and the ensuing tortuous “search” portion were strongly and differentially affected by the release site. Searches were biased toward the true location of the food and away from the location specified by translating the origin for the danced polar vector to the release site. We conclude that by following the dance recruits get two messages, a polar flying instruction (bearing and range from the hive) and a location vector that enables them to approach the source from anywhere in their familiar territory. The dance communication is much richer than thought so far.
Stress keratin 17 and estrogen support viral persistence and modulate the immune environment during cervicovaginal murine papillomavirus infection
Authors: Wang Wei , Spurgeon Megan E. , Pope Ali , McGregor Stephanie , Ward-Shaw Ella , Gronski Ellery , Lambert Paul F.
Published: March 2023

A murine papillomavirus, MmuPV1, infects both cutaneous and mucosal epithelia of laboratory mice and can be used to model high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-associated disease. We have shown that estrogen exacerbates papillomavirus-induced cervical disease in HPV-transgenic mice. We have also previously identified stress keratin 17 (K17) as a host factor that supports MmuPV1-induced cutaneous disease. Here, we sought to test the role of estrogen and K17 in MmuPV1 infection and associated disease in the female reproductive tract. We experimentally infected wild-type and K17 knockout (K17KO) mice with MmuPV1 in the female reproductive tract in the presence or absence of exogenous estrogen for 6 mon. We observed that a significantly higher percentage of K17KO mice cleared the virus as opposed to wild-type mice. In estrogen-treated wild-type mice, the MmuPV1 viral copy number was significantly higher compared to untreated mice by as early as 2 wk postinfection, suggesting that estrogen may help facilitate MmuPV1 infection and/or establishment. Consistent with this, viral clearance was not observed in either wild-type or K17KO mice when treated with estrogen. Furthermore, neoplastic disease progression and cervical carcinogenesis were supported by the presence of K17 and exacerbated by estrogen treatment. Subsequent analyses indicated that estrogen treatment induces a systemic immunosuppressive state in MmuPV1-infected animals and that both estrogen and K17 modulate the local intratumoral immune microenvironment within MmuPV1-induced neoplastic lesions. Collectively, these findings suggest that estrogen and K17 act at multiple stages of papillomavirus-induced disease at least in part via immunomodulatory mechanisms.
Species-specific CD4
+
T cells enable prediction of mucosal immune phenotypes from microbiota composition
Authors: Spindler Matthew P. , Mogno Ilaria , Suri Prerna , Britton Graham J. , Faith Jeremiah J.
Published: March 2023

How bacterial strains within a complex human microbiota collectively shape intestinal T cell homeostasis is not well understood. Methods that quickly identify effector strains or species that drive specific mucosal T cell phenotypes are needed to define general principles for how the microbiota modulates host immunity. We colonize germ-free mice with defined communities of cultured strains and profile antigen-specific responses directed toward individual strains ex vivo. We find that lamina propria T cells are specific to bacterial strains at the species level and can discriminate between strains of the same species. Ex vivo restimulations consistently identify the strains within complex communities that induce Th17 responses in vivo, providing the potential to shape baseline immune tone via community composition. Using an adoptive transfer model of colitis, we find that lamina propria T cells respond to different bacterial strains in conditions of inflammation versus homeostasis. Collectively, our approach represents a unique method for efficiently predicting the relative impact of individual bacterial strains within a complex community and for parsing microbiota-dependent phenotypes into component fractions.
Semiotic manipulation strategies employed in Iranian printed advertisements
Authors: Mohamadi Khadijeh , Weisi Hiwa
Published: March 2023

Commercial advertisements are considered informative discourse, whereas the manipulative effects of their verbal and visual strategies have been ignored. According tovan Dijk (2006), manipulation in mass media is performed by drawing the audience’s attention to information A rather than to B, by providing irrelevant or incomplete information, and by playing emotional games. Since the analysis of manipulative effects of semiotic features used in advertisements is scarce, the present research project investigates the potential manipulative effects of semiotic aspects used in Persian printed advertisements, and the influence of the Iranian sociocultural context on designing these visual messages. A corpus of 160 Persian printed advertisements was analyzed; the results revealed that their semiotic features, especially those which are meaningful based on the sociocultural context of Iran, tend to inculcate relevant information and meaning in consumers, in order to control their minds and subsequently their purchases. The findings of this study include six theme-based categories of semiotic manipulation strategies:Celebrity images, Creative images, Punctuation marks, Natural images, Seasonal images, and Cultural images. The results are discussed along the lines of research methodology in discourse and semiotic analysis.
Separation events in Mandarin, Russian and Korean
Authors: Du Jing , Li Fuyin Thomas , Ge Yanlei , Zhang Jinkai
Published: March 2023

Crosslinguistic studies on motion events have revealed that S-languages demonstrate finer-grained lexical
categories than V-languages in representing motion manners/gaits. But these studies were restricted to the semantic domain of
motion events and confined to a limited number of S- or V- languages. In this paper, we further investigate whether the
association between lexical diversity and language typology is manifest in a similar way in the semantic domain of separation
events by focusing on Mandarin, Russian and Korean. Our results suggest that: (1) Separation expressions support the
diversity-typology correlation proved in motion expressions because the two S-languages Mandarin and Russian demonstrate richer
lexical diversity than the V-language Korean; (2) It is further pointed out that apart from language typology, lexical diversity
is influenced by multiple factors including lexical resources, conceptual salience, event construal, and event type; (3) Though
typologically different, these three languages, in their lexical naming of separation events, are constrained by the biomechanical
structure and follow the principle of prototypicality. Overall, this study opens up a new crosslinguistic perspective by showing
how lexical diversity is typologically and linguistically driven.
Preparation of medium-entropy alloy coating using GMAW cladding with MoFe3TiNiCu cable-type welding wire
Authors: Wang Zhao-Qin , Shi Yu , Zhang Long-Jiang , Wang Xiao-Rong
Published: March 2023

The Mo–Fe–Ti–Ni–Cu medium-entropy alloy (MEA) coating was prepared based on a GMAW – Robotic Integrated Cladding System with the MoFe3TiNiCu cable-type welding wire (CWW) containing 1-Mo, 3-Fe, 1-Ti, 1-Ni and 1-Cu pure metallic wires. The produced MEA coating is composed of FCC major phase and BCC minor phase. The hardness of the produced MEA coating is between 400 HV and 450 HV, while the substrate is about 190 HV. The produced MEA coating can greatly improve the wear resistance of the substrate, and its friction coefficient is 0.4, which is far lower than that of the substrate (0.65).
Plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition of ZrO2 and YSZ coatings
Authors: Espinoza-Pérez L.J. , Lopez-Honorato Eddie
Published: March 2023

YSZ coatings can prevent deleterious thermal effects on thermolabile alloys, however, a challenge is their deposition with a cubic phase at temperatures below 800 °C. In this work, PE-CVD was used to deposit ZrO2 and YSZ coatings at ∼700 °C, by varying the evaporation temperature, the vol.% O2, and the substrate position. Our results showed that an evaporation temperature of 200 °C was needed to deposit ZrO2 coatings. At 700 °C, the tetragonal phase was favoured regardless of the position within the heating zone. At 800 °C with a content of 20–60 vol.% O2, monoclinic and tetragonal structures were predominant, probably due to an increase in the crystallite size. When the ZrO2 was dopped with Y2O3, a fully cubic structure of ZrO2 was deposited.
A performance comparison of additive manufactured creep-resistant superalloys
Authors: James William Sean , Ganguly Supriyo , Pardal Goncalo
Published: March 2023

Creep-resistant nickel, cobalt based superalloys, selected for a high-speed flight application, deposited using Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), was reported. Three different alloys, Haynes 188, Inconel 718, and Rene 41, were deposited, and tested for their high-temperature tensile properties, and the results compared with wrought data. The alloys were tested from ambient temperature to 1000°C in their as-deposited condition and after undergoing industry standard age-hardening and solutionising heat-treatments, to down select the best performing alloy under two different processing conditions. The mechanical strength of the alloys fell short of the maximum achievable in wrought condition. Precipitation-strengthened alloys, Inconel 718 and Rene 41 were found to have underperformed the most significantly, whereas solid-solution-strengthened Haynes 188 suffered the least due to WAAM.
A neomorphic mutation in the interferon activation domain of IRF4 causes a dominant primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Thouenon Romane , Chentout Loïc , Moreno-Corona Nidia , Poggi Lucie , Lombardi Emilia Puig , Hoareau Benedicte , Schmitt Yohann , Lagresle-Peyrou Chantal , Bustamante Jacinta , André Isabelle , Cavazzana Marina , Durandy Anne , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Galicier Lionel , Fadlallah Jehane , Fischer Alain , Kracker Sven
Published: March 2023

Here, we report on a heterozygous interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) missense variant identified in three patients from a multigeneration family with hypogammaglobulinemia. Patients’ low blood plasmablast/plasma cell and naïve CD4 and CD8 T cell counts contrasted with high terminal effector CD4 and CD8 T cell counts. Expression of the mutant IRF4 protein in control lymphoblastoid B cell lines reduced the expression of BLIMP-1 and XBP1 (key transcription factors in plasma cell differentiation). In B cell lines, the mutant IRF4 protein as wildtype was found to bind to known IRF4 binding motifs. The mutant IRF4 failed to efficiently regulate the transcriptional activity of interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs). Rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous proteins indicated that the mutant and wildtype IRF4 proteins differed with regard to their respective sets of binding partners. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism for autosomal-dominant primary immunodeficiency through altered protein binding by mutant IRF4 at ISRE, leading to defective plasma cell differentiation.
Tingible body macrophages: Gargantuan chameleons of the germinal center
Authors: Baudon Elisa Madeleine , Bajenoff Marc
Published: March 2023

Tingible body macrophages in lymph node are involved in cleaning up debris from apoptotic B cells. Gurwisz et al. (2023. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20222173) and Grootveld et al. (2023. Cell.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.004) report how tingible body macrophages, originating from tissue-resident macrophages, clear apoptotic B cells in the germinal center using a “stand-hunting” strategy.
Second-harmonic signature of chiral spin structures in W/Pt/Co heterostructures with tunable magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Wang Yang , Chan Ying-Ting , Wang Xiao , Wang Tao , Cheng Xuemei M , Wu Weida , Xiao John Q
Published: March 2023

Second-harmonic Hall voltage (SHV) measurement method has been widely used to characterize the strengths of spin–orbit torques (SOTs) in heavy metal/ferromagnet thin films saturated in the single-domain regime. Here, we show that the magnetic anisotropy of a W/Pt/Co trilayer can be robustly tuned from in-plane to out-of-plane by varying W, Pt, or Co thicknesses. Moreover, in samples with easy-cone anisotropy, SHV measurements exhibit anomalous ‘humps’ in the multidomain regime accessed by applying a nearly out-of-plane external magnetic field. These hump features can only be explained as a result of the formation of Néel-type domain walls, efficiently driven by nevertheless small SOTs in this double heavy metal heterostructure with canceling spin Hall angles.
On the ignition kernel formation and propagation: an experimental and modeling approach
Authors: Shaffer James , Luna Steven , Wang Weiye , Egolfopoulos Fokion N , Askari Omid
Published: March 2023

The next generation of advanced combustion devices is being developed to operate under ultra-high-pressure conditions. However, under such extreme conditions, flame tends to become unstable and measurement of fundamental properties such as the laminar flame speed becomes challenging. One potential method to resolve this issue is measuring the ignition-affected region during spherically expanding flame experiments. The flame in this region is more resistant to perturbations and remains smooth due to the high stretch rates (i.e. small radii). Stable flame propagation allows for improved flame measurement, however, the experimentally observed kernel propagation is a function of both inflammation and ignition plasma. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to better understand the plasma formation and propagation during the ignition process, which would allow for reliable laminar flame speed measurements. To accomplish this goal, thermal plasma operating at high pressures is studied with emphasis on the spark energy effects on the formation of the ignition kernel. The thermal effect of the plasma is experimentally observed using a high-speed Schlieren imaging system. The energy dissipated within the plasma is measured with the use of voltage and current probes with a measurement of plasma sheath voltage drop as an input to numerical modeling. The measured kernel propagation rate is used to assess the accuracy of the model. The experiments and modeling are conducted in dry air at 1, 3, and 5 atm as well as in CH4-N2 mixtures at 1 atm, and kernel radius, temperature, and mass are reported. The voltage-drop (as a non-thermal loss) is measured to be approximately 330

±

5 V (dry air at 1 atm) for glow plasma with a large dependency on pressure, gas composition, electrode surface quality, electrode geometry, electrode shape, and current density. The same loss within the arc plasma is measured to be 15

±

5 V, however the arc phase loss which agrees with arc propagation is significantly higher (∼45 V) which suggest additional unaccounted for phenomena occurring during the arc phase. With these losses, the modeling results are shown to predict the final kernel radius within 10%–20% of the observed kernel size. The difference found between the modeling and experimental results is determined to be a result of assuming that the primary loss mechanism (voltage drop across sheath formation) remains constant for the duration of glow discharge. The discrepancy for arc discharge is discussed with several potential sources, however, additional studies are required to better understand how the arc formation affects the kernel propagation.
Fluence dependent dynamics of excitons in monolayer MoSi2Z4 (Z = pnictogen)
Authors: Yadav Pushpendra , Khamari Bramhachari , Singh Bahadur , Adarsh K V , Agarwal Amit
Published: March 2023

Reduced dielectric screening in two-dimensional materials enables bound excitons, which modifies their optical absorption and optoelectronic response. Here, we demonstrate the existence of excitons in the bandgap of the monolayer family of the newly discovered synthetic

M
o
S
i

2

Z

4

(Z=N, P, and As) series of materials. All three monolayers support several bright and strongly bound excitons with binding energies varying from 1 eV to 1.35 eV for the lowest energy exciton resonances. We show that on increasing the pump fluence or photo-excited carrier density, the lowest energy exciton first undergoes a redshift followed by a blueshift, due to the renormalized exciton binding energies. The exciton binding energy varies as a Lennard-Jones-like potential as a function of the inter-exciton spacing. This establishes an atom-like attractive and repulsive interaction between excitons depending on the inter-exciton separation. Our study shows that the

M
o
S
i

2

Z

4

series of monolayers offer an exciting test-bed for exploring the physics of strongly bound excitons and their non-equilibrium dynamics.
Collective effect of nonthermal and suprathermal particles on electrostatic waves and instabilities in Vasyliunas-Cairns distributed plasmas
Authors: Sarkar Susmita , Paul Samit , Parvin Sabana
Published: March 2023

The combined effects of nonthermal and suprathermal particles on electrostatic modes of waves propagating in an electron-ion plasma are investigated. Vasyliunas-Cairns distribution with nonthermal and suprathermal spectral indices is used to describe the electron-ion plasma under consideration. The dispersion relation of Langmuir and ion-acoustic waves are examined using the kinetic theory approach. The population of nonthermal and suprathermal particles is found to have a considerable influence on the real wave frequency and damping rate of both Langmuir and ion-acoustic waves. The suprathermal particle population stabilizes the wave whereas the nonthermal particle population destabilizes the wave.
Impact of half-wave plate systematics on the measurement of cosmic birefringence from CMB polarization
Authors: Monelli Marta , Komatsu Eiichiro , Adler Alexandre E. , Billi Matteo , Campeti Paolo , Dachlythra Nadia , Duivenvoorden Adriaan J. , Gudmundsson Jon E. , Reinecke Martin
Published: March 2023

Polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) can probe new parity-violating
physics such as cosmic birefringence (CB), which requires exquisite control over instrumental
systematics. The non-idealities of the half-wave plate (HWP) represent a source of systematics
when used as a polarization modulator. We study their impact on the CMB angular power spectra,
which is partially degenerate with CB and miscalibration of the polarization angle. We use
full-sky beam convolution simulations including HWP to generate mock noiseless time-ordered data,
process them through a bin averaging map-maker, and calculate the power spectra including TB and
 EB correlations. We also derive analytical formulae which accurately model the observed
spectra. For our choice of HWP parameters, the HWP-induced angle amounts to a few degrees, which
could be misinterpreted as CB. Accurate knowledge of the HWP is required to mitigate this. Our
simulation and analytical formulae will be useful for deriving requirements for the accuracy of
HWP calibration.
A hybrid map-Cℓ
component separation method for primordial CMB B-mode searches
Authors: Azzoni S. , Alonso D. , Abitbol M.H. , Errard J. , Krachmalnicoff N.
Published: March 2023

The observation of the polarised emission from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) from
future ground-based and satellite-borne experiments holds the promise of indirectly detecting the
elusive signal from primordial tensor fluctuations in the form of large-scale B-mode
polarisation. Doing so, however, requires an accurate and robust separation of the signal from
polarised Galactic foregrounds. We present a component separation method for multi-frequency CMB
observations that combines some of the advantages of map-based and power-spectrum-based
techniques, and which is direcly applicable to data in the presence of realistic foregrounds and
instrumental noise. We demonstrate that the method is able to reduce the contamination from
Galactic foregrounds below an equivalent tensor-to-scalar ratio r
FG ≲ 5 × 10-4, as required for next-generation observatories, for a wide range of
foreground models with varying degrees of complexity. This bias reduction is associated with a
mild ∼20–30% increase in the final statistical uncertainties, and holds for large
sky areas, and for experiments targeting both the reionisation and recombination bumps in the
B-mode power spectrum.
Tuning magneto-dielectric properties of Co2Z ferrites via Gd doping for high-frequency applications
Authors: Wu 武 Jian 剑 , Lu 卢 Bing 冰 , Zhang 张 Ying 颖 , Chen 陈 Yixin 一鑫 , Sun 孙 Kai 凯 , Chen 陈 Daming 大明 , Li 李 Qiang 强 , Liu 刘 Yingli 颖力 , Li 李 Jie 颉
Published: March 2023

Magneto–dielectric properties of Co2Z ferrite materials are tuned via Gd doping for applications in high-frequency antennas and filters in the present work. Ba3Co2Fe24−x
Gd
x
O41 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) materials are successfully prepared by using solid-state method at 925 °C for 4 h with 2.5-wt% Bi2O3 sintering aids. The content of Gd3+ ion can affect micromorphology, grain size, bulk density, and magneto–dielectric properties of the ferrite. With Gd3+ ion content increasing, saturation magnetization (M
s) first increases and then decreases. The maximum value of M
s is 44.86 emu/g at x = 0.15. Additionally, sites occupied by Gd3+ ions can change magnetic anisotropy constant of the ferrite. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant (K
1) is derived from initial magnetization curve, and found to be related to spin–orbit coupling and intersublattice interactions between metal ions. The real part of magnetic permeability (μʹ) and real part of dielectric permittivity (εʹ) are measured in a frequency range of 10 MHz–1 GHz. When x = 0.15, material has excellent magneto–dielectric properties (μ′ ≈ 12.2 and ε′ ≈ 17.61), low magnetic loss (tan δμ
≈ 0.03 at 500 MHz), and dielectric loss (tan δε
≈ 0.04 at 500 MHz). The results show that Gd-doped Co2Z ferrite has broad application prospects in multilayer filters and high-frequency antennas.
Exciton radiative lifetime in CdSe quantum dots
Authors: Ji Zhimin , Song Zhigang
Published: March 2023

Colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials for solar cells because of their simple preparation process and compatibility with flexible substrates. The QD radiative recombination lifetime has attracted enormous attention as it affects the probability of photogenerated charges leaving the QDs and being collected at the battery electrodes. However, the scaling law for the exciton radiative lifetime in CdSe QDs is still a puzzle. This article presents a novel explanation that reconciles this controversy. Our calculations agree with the experimental measurements of all three divergent trends in a broadened energy window. Further, we proved that the exciton radiative lifetime is a consequence of the thermal average of decays for all thermally accessible exciton states. Each of the contradictory size-dependent patterns reflects this trend in a specific size range. As the optical band gap increases, the radiative lifetime decreases in larger QDs, increases in smaller QDs, and is weakly dependent on size in the intermediate energy region. This study addresses the inconsistencies in the scaling law of the exciton lifetime and gives a unified interpretation over a widened framework. Moreover, it provides valuable guidance for carrier separation in the thin film solar cell of CdSe QDs.
Investigation of UV photosensor properties of Al-doped SnO2 thin films deposited by sol-gel dip-coating method
Authors: Selma Kaour , Salima Benkara , Seddik Bouabida , Djamil Rechem , Lazhar Hadjeris
Published: March 2023

Transparent conducting aluminum doped tin oxide thin films were prepared by sol-gel dip coating method with different Al concentrations and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–Vis spectrophotometry and photoconductivity study. The variation observed in the properties of the measured films agrees with a difference in the film's thickness, which decreases when Al concentration augments. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that all films are polycrystalline with tetragonal structure, (110) plane being the strongest diffraction peak. The crystallite size calculated by the Debye Scherrer’s formula decreases from 11.92 to 8.54 nm when Al concentration increases from 0 to 5 wt.%. AFM images showed grains uniformly distributed in the deposited films. An average transmittance greater than 80% was measured for the films and an energy gap value of about 3.9 eV was deduced from the optical analysis. Finally, the photosensitivity properties like current–voltage characteristics, I
ON/I
OFF ratio, growth and decay time are studied and reported. Also, we have calculated the trap depth energy using the decay portion of the rise and decay curve photocurrent.
Investigating the E2 nuclear resonance effect in kaonic atoms
Authors: De Paolis L , Bazzi M , Bosnar D , Bragadireanu M , Cargnelli M , Carminati M , Clozza A , Deda G , Del Grande R , Dulski K , Fiorini C , Friščić I , Guaraldo C , Iliescu M , Iwasaki M , King P , Khreptak A , Levi Sandri P , Manti S , Marton J , Miliucci M , Moskal P , Napolitano F , Niedźwiecki S , Ohnishi H , Piscicchia K , Sada Y , Scordo A , Sgaramella F , Shi H , Silarski M , Sirghi D L , Sirghi F , Skurzok M , Wycech S , Spallone A , Toho K , Tüchler M , Vazquez Doce O , Yoshida C , Zmeskal J , Curceanu C
Published: March 2023

The nuclear E2 resonance effect occurs when an atomic de-excitation energy is closely matched by a nuclear excitation energy. It produces an attenuation of some of the atomic X-ray lines in the resonant isotope target. Investigating the nuclear E2 resonance effect in kaonic atoms, important information about kaon-nucleus strong interaction can be provided. The only

K
−

−

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98

Mo

nuclear resonance effect was measured by G. L. Goldfrey, G- K. Lum and C. E. Wiegand at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, in 1975. The nuclear E2 resonance effect was observed in 25 hours of data taking, not enough to provide a conclusive result. In four kaonic Molybdenum isotopes (

 

42

94

Mo

,

 

42

96

Mo

,

 

42

98

Mo

and

 

42

100

Mo

), the nuclear E2 resonance effect is expected at the same transition, with similar energy values. The KAMEO (Kaonic Atoms Measuring nuclear resonance Effects Observables) experiment plans to study the E2 nuclear resonance effect in kaonic Molybdenum isotopes at the DAΦNE e+e− collider, during the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment. The experimental strategy consists of exposing four solid strip targets, each enriched with one Molybdenum isotope, to negatively charged kaons, using a germanium detector for X-ray transition measurements. A further exposure of a non-resonant

 

42

92

Mo

isotope solid strip target will be used as reference for standard non-resonant transitions.
Research on a Monitoring System for Vehicle-Mounted Mobile Energy Storage Shelter
Authors: Yang Sha , Chen Xihai , Zhang Zhao , Huang Shuxin , Jiang Xiaoyuan
Published: March 2023

This paper expounds on the current development status and existing problems of vehicle-mounted mobile energy storage shelters. In view of the existing problems, a vehicle-mounted mobile energy storage shelter is designed with multi-state perception and evaluation capabilities, multi-dimensional monitoring, and display based on B/S architecture. The realization scheme of the monitoring system proposes a new design idea for the development of the remote monitoring system of the vehicle-mounted mobile energy storage power station. The system was put into trial operation in the laboratory environment to realize the safe dispatch of the vehicle-mounted mobile energy storage shelter and to realize multi-dimensional monitoring, display, and analysis of the working process, operation data, and cabin environment, and achieve the expected design effect.
Future Grid Configuration of AC/DC Distribution Network Considering the Influence of Photovoltaic Permeability
Authors: Ni Jianfu , Liang Feng , Zhang Kun , Yu Zhuofei
Published: March 2023

With the implementation of China’s “carbon neutral, carbon peak” dual carbon target action plan and the construction of a new power system, access to a high proportion of new energy and microgrid has changed the function and form of the distribution network. The current capacity of the distribution network to absorb a high proportion of new energy cannot fully meet the needs of future development. Through rational planning, the carrying capacity of a distribution network for new energy can be improved, operation efficiency can be improved, and expansion investment can be delayed. Therefore, based on the analysis of the current typical network architecture of the distribution network, combined with the development trend of the AC/DC distribution network and the development trend of a high proportion of new energy penetration, this paper puts forward the future architecture and network shape of the AC/DC distribution network, focusing on the short-term, long-term and cellular AC/DC distribution network shape characteristics. It also discusses the influence of Photovoltaic (PV) permeability level on the grid configuration selection of AC/DC distribution network. Finally, it discusses the problems worthy of attention in the future planning of AC/DC distribution networks.
Analysis of renewable energy accommodation capacity of rural power system based on time series production simulation
Authors: Zheng Yongle , Li Peng , Feng Yuang , Zhu Mengshu , Yang Qinchen , Li Huixuan , Zu Wenjing , Zhang Hongkai , Ai Xiaomeng
Published: March 2023

The rural power system has the advantage of developing renewable energy. However, the regulating capacity for rural power system to deal with the uncertain renewable energy is mainly from the connection with the main power grid. Thus, we build the time series production simulation model to analyze the challenges for rural power system gradually running off the grid. We increase the capacity of energy storage and other generation types to reduce the load shedding when the regulation capacity provided by the main power grid is reduced. Simulation results show that the installations of different items have different effects to improve renewable energy accommodation and load shedding and those items influence each other in the promotion of the two aspects above.
Optimal Operation Strategy of Integrated Energy System Considering Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Utilization
Authors: Jia Xiaoqiang , Chen Hongyin , Li Dezhi , Wang Songcen
Published: March 2023

Adding solar energy utilization equipment to an integrated energy system (IES) can improve the utilization rate of renewable energy and reduce the system cost. The optimal operation strategy of IES with photovoltaic and solar thermal utilization (PV-SH-IES) is investigated. The efficiency variation of CHP is considered, and the optimal results are compared and analyzed. The results show that: compared with IES, the operation cost of the PV-SH-IES is lower; it first falls and then rises with the increment of the photovoltaic area ratio, and the photovoltaic area ratio has an optimal value. The impact of photovoltaic equipment on the system cost is greater than that of solar thermal equipment.
Thermodynamics Investigation of S-CO2 Power System Combined with Composition Adjustment ORC
Authors: Huang Renlong , Zhong Tianming , Wang Yage , Chen Chaoda , Wang Jiaojiao , Chen Linlin
Published: March 2023

Supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle (S-CO2) is a promising technology in comparison to the conventional Rankine cycle for power conversion. However, the waste heat from the turbine outlet is not well utilized. Zeotropic Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) recovering waste heat is an advanced heat-to-power conversion method. Novel composition adjustment zeotropic ORC has advantages over ORC using fixed mixture components in the power generation performance. The present study proposed a novel S-CO2 power cycle combined with composition adjustment zeotropic ORC. Thermodynamic performance investigation and a mathematical model of the novel cycle are developed. Finally, an example is given to verify the method. The results show that this method can improve the thermal performance. Novel system thermal efficiency can be improved by 1.83% compared with the basic S-CO2.
Time-frequency Fusion Method via Convolutional Neural Network for Partial Discharge Classification
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Fuzhou , Guan Jie , Zhu Yongli
Published: March 2023

To improve the accuracy of partial discharge (PD) pattern recognition by jointing time-domain (TD) and frequency-domain (FD) information, a time-frequency (TF) fusion method via convolution neural network (CNN) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, PD signals are represented by PD waveform images and transformed into the envelope of variational mode decomposition-based Hilbert marginal spectrum (VHMS). Secondly, a fusion network, FuNet involving a 2-dimensional CNN (2D-CNN), a 1D-CNN, and a multilayer perceptron (MLP), is established to join TF information. In FuNet, the 2D-CNN inputted by PD waveform images and 1D-CNN adopted the envelope of VHMS of PD signal as its input are all improved by drawing on the complementary strengths of different convolution layers’ features. Then the MLP will fuse the extracted TD and FD features and classify the PD defects.
Optimal Allocation Scheme of “Source-load-storage” Distributed Resources in Distribution Network for Supporting Black Start of Key Nodes in the Main Network
Authors: Cui Yong , Tu Qi , Wang Weihong , Gu Jun , Zhang Hao , Yang Xiu , Liu jianhang
Published: March 2023

To fully exploit the potential and value of “source-load-storage” multi-type distributed resources to support blackouts at key nodes of the main network, we propose an optimization model for the optimal allocation of distributed resources. First, a black-start power configuration model with optimal operational economy and the strongest black-start capability is established as the optimization objectives. Subsequently, a simulation analysis is conducted with the IEEE33 node system and the regional grid of the Shanghai Fengxian combustion turbine plant as examples. The results indicate that the proposed model can realize the solution of the optimal black-start resource allocation scheme, which is applicable to black-start planning under multiple types of outage scenarios. Moreover, it provides a basis for using distributed resources to support the black start of key nodes in the main network.
Design of wind power equipment monitoring system based on Huawei AI chip
Authors: Xiong Ping , Luo Heng , Tan Daojun , Kang Yiqun , Liu Dan , Hu Pan
Published: March 2023

With the gradual development of wind power, developing a wind power equipment monitoring system for wind farms is of great significance for ensuring the normal operation of wind farms and subsequent data analysis and processing. This paper develops a wind farm equipment monitoring system based on Huawei AI chips. The frame structure, R&D process, system construction process, and corresponding electronic circuits of the power vision edge computing system design based on Huawei AI chips are introduced in detail. The system can realize the intelligent processing of the data of the main electrical equipment of the wind farm and has functions such as the perception and acquisition of wind power resource data, the monitoring of the operating status of wind power equipment, and the advanced functions and intelligent processing of data.