Language Shift in the Newar Community: An Ethnographic Study of Hiranya Varna Mahavihar,
Authors: Shrestha Prava 
Published: June 2024

This ethnographic study explores the phenomenon of language shift in the Newar community, with a specific focus on Nepal Bhasa, the language of the Newar people in Lalitpur. The study examines the complex relationship between language and culture and investigates the factors contributing to the decline of Nepal Bhasa and the rise of other languages, particularly Nepali and English, within the community. The research aims to understand the historical, social, political, and cultural dynamics that have influenced the language choices and language use patterns among the Newar population. The study begins by highlighting the intrinsic link between language and culture, emphasizing the role of language as a means of communication and cultural preservation. It addresses the impact of language on identity, unity, and the transmission of cultural norms and values. Drawing on Tucker and Lambert's notion of non-ethnocentrism in language learning, the research emphasizes the importance of developing awareness and sensitivity towards the values and traditions associated with the language being studied. The research acknowledges that Nepal Bhasa, despite its rich literary tradition and historical significance, is facing significant endangerment. The language has experienced a steady decline over the past century, with the number of Newar speakers in the Kathmandu valley decreasing from 75% to 44% between 1952 and 1991. Currently, Nepal Bhasa is listed as a definitely endangered language by UNESCO. This study sheds light on the urgency of preserving and revitalizing the language and explores innovative initiatives that have been implemented worldwide to address language endangerment. The implication of this study lies in its contribution to understanding the cultural importance of Nepal Bhasa and the ongoing efforts to protect and promote the language within the Newar community. The research provides insights into the broader issue of language endangerment and its impact on cultural diversity and identity. By investigating the attitudes and perceptions of Newar individuals towards their language and culture, as well as examining the role of education, media, and government policies, this study offers a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted factors influencing language shift in the community. As an outsider to the Newar community, I initially faced limitations in understanding and utilizing Nepal Bhasa. This personal experience highlights the urgency of the research and highlights the need for effective language revitalization programs. By identifying the causes behind the decline of Nepal Bhasa, this study aims to contribute to the development of strategies and interventions for language preservation. The findings of this research will be valuable not only to the Newar community but also to linguists, scholars, policymakers, and individuals invested in the protection and revitalization of endangered languages. In conclusion, this ethnographic study on language shift in the Newar community provides a comprehensive analysis of the complex factors influencing the decline of Nepal Bhasa. By exploring historical, social, political, and cultural dimensions, the research offers insights into the urgent need for language preservation and revitalization. The study emphasizes the cultural importance of Nepal Bhasa and its contribution to the rich heritage of Nepal. Ultimately, this research serves as a call to action for the Newar community and stakeholders to work together in safeguarding and revitalizing the language for future generations.