bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percepção dos serviços ambientais gerados por uma área natural de alto valor turístico: Cachoeira do Roncadeira (TO)
Authors: Lira Nibelle Aires , Pelicice Fernando Mayer
Published: August 2020

Os ecossistemas fornecem benefícios fundamentais às sociedades humanas, conhecidos como serviços ambientais (ou ecossistêmicos). O desconhecimento sobre esses serviços alimenta a crença de autonomia das atividades humanas, precipitando a perda de ecossistemas, biodiversidade e degradação ambiental. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho investigou como as pessoas percebem a importância e os benefícios dos serviços ecossistêmicos prestados por uma área de elevado potencial turístico e recreativo, no caso, a Cachoeira do Roncadeira, localizada no distrito de Taquaruçu, Palmas (Tocantins). O estudo entrevistou pessoas na área da cachoeira (grupo Cachoeira) e em centros urbanos da cidade de Palmas (grupo Urbano), entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2013. Utilizando questionário estruturado, avaliou-se (i) o perfil do entrevistado, (ii) a frequência de uso da cachoeira, e (iii) a relação entre usuário e ecossistema. Com relação ao último ponto, investigamos a compreensão do entrevistado em relação à importância de 11 serviços ecossistêmicos gerados pela cachoeira e seu entorno, sua percepção quanto aos benefícios gerados pelos serviços, e o seu posicionamento quanto à perda ou transformação da área natural. A pesquisa entrevistou 45 pessoas no grupo Urbano e 109 no grupo Cachoeira. No geral, o perfil das respostas foi muito semelhante entre os dois grupos. A maior parte dos entrevistados declarou frequentar áreas naturais entre 1 e 3 vezes por ano. De maneira geral, as pessoas entrevistadas apresentaram compreensão heterogênea sobre a importância dos serviços ambientais. Alguns serviços foram bem reconhecidos (i.e. biodiversidade, recursos hídricos, valor cultural, educação e regulação do clima), porém outros foram mal valorizados (i.e. produção de alimentos, matéria-prima, combustível e controle de doenças). Quase todos os entrevistados declararam sentir-se beneficiados por algum serviço, especialmente aqueles atrelados ao turismo (i.e. biodiversidade, recreação e cultura); no entanto, o percentual de beneficiados (declarados) foi baixo para a maior parte dos serviços. Aproximadamente metade dos entrevistados se posicionou contra qualquer tipo de modificação na área; os demais demonstraram interesse na implantação de alguma atividade econômica na região. Os resultados indicam, de maneira geral, que as pessoas têm compreensão limitada sobre a importância do ecossistema ripário como provedor de serviços ambientais, apontando a necessidade de esclarecimento, para o público geral e autoridades, sobre o funcionamento dos sistemas naturais, seus serviços e sua relação com o bem-estar humano. O ecoturismo pode desempenhar papel positivo nesse processo.
Serpentes: é possível conviver com elas?
Authors: Freitas Dyeson Castro de , Gomes Welloyane Páttila Barros de Souza , Silva Raiany Cristine Cruz da , Seibert Carla Simone
Published: August 2020

Estudos sobre a relação do ser humano com as serpentes têm potencial para fornecer diretrizes de ações que diminuam os efeitos negativos dessa interação. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a percepção dos frequentadores da Cachoeira do Córrego Roncadeira (Taquaruçu, Palmas/TO) sobre a fauna de serpentes. Foi aplicado questionário semiestruturado a 200 visitantes da Cachoeira para verificar seu conhecimento sobre o ambiente e o papel ecológico das serpentes; a profilaxia e primeiros socorros, e sobre a etnoherpetologia. Muitos entrevistados reconheceram o papel ecológico das serpentes, mas ainda existem pessoas que desconhecem a função deste grupo e relatam práticas inadequadas de primeiros socorros. Portanto, esse trabalho evidenciou a necessidade de práticas de educação ambiental com a função de instruir a população sobre esse tema.
Sistema de Gestão Integrado de Qualidade e Ambiental para Implantação de Equipamentos Facilitadores em cavernas turísticas
Authors: Levenhagen Blanche Sousa , Lobo Heros Augusto Santos
Published: August 2020

Este artigo traz os principais resultados da dissertação de mestrado que analisou o documento técnico denominado Projeto Conceitual para Equipamentos Facilitadores em Cavernas Turísticas (PC). O PC foi um desdobramento dos Planos de Manejo Espeleológico (PMEs), cujo objetivo foi estabelecer procedimentos para instalação de equipamentos facilitadores (pontes, escadas, passarelas etc.). A pesquisa de mestrado identificou as lacunas que poderiam inviabilizar a aplicação do PC e, consequentemente, a implantação dos PMEs, bem como propôs estratégias para preencher as lacunas, através da mudança de concepção da construção do PC e a instrumentalização de um Sistema de Gestão Integrado para Implantação de Equipamentos Facilitadores em Cavernas Turísticas em Unidades de Conservação (SGI-IEF). O SGI-IEF consolidou, em formato semelhante ao preconizado nas normas técnicas ABNT ISO 9001 e 14001, a nova concepção do PC baseada no manejo adaptativo. O SGI-IEF é um produto inédito no que tange à gestão de cavernas turísticas, com potencial para influenciar políticas públicas para o manejo de cavernas turísticas em unidades de conservação sob a ótica dos sistemas de gestão de qualidade e ambiental. Este artigo descreve como o SGI-IEF foi construído e apresenta o sistema na íntegra.
Syllogismus est principium Idealismi. La Ciencia de la Lógica como pro-gramática de la secularización
Authors: Sisto Horacio Martín
Published: August 2020

En este trabajo parto de la observación de que diversos pensadores, al ofrecer un nuevo paso de secularización, tienden a desconocer los pasos realizados por pensadores anteriores y que, sin embargo, han constituido la condición de posibilidad del nuevo paso. Mediante un recorrido del tránsito efectuado de Kant a Hegel, intento reconstruir aquí una cierta estructura lógica de la secularización que converge con una secularización de la lógica. El hilo conductor de este tránsito lo constituyen las teorías respectivas acerca de los silogismos, en particular el silogismo por analogía. En lo que a Hegel respecta, se busca mostrar que no solo propone una lógica secularizante, sino también una forma de relacionarse con la historia que lo precede, que reconoce a sus antecesores como condición de posibilidad de su propia posición.
Correlation between Clinical Symptoms and Lab Tests with Endoscopic Severity Indexes in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Soleymani Sanaz , Moradkhani Azadeh , Eftekhari Masoumeh , Rahmanian Fatemeh , Moosavy Seyed Hamid
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND The Crohn’s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS) and the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) are two validated endoscopic scoring system to evaluate patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We conducted this study to evaluate the correlation between clinical symptoms and lab tests with these indexes in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS In this analytical study, 373 consecutive patients referred to Shahid Mohammadi Hospital with IBD were enrolled. All patients underwent complete ileocolonoscopy, and the endoscopic severity indexes (CDEIS and UCEIS) were calculated, and their relation with clinical symptoms and lab tests was evaluated. RESULTS Fever observed only in six patients (1.6%). It was associated with significantly higher CDEIS and UCEIS (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively). Also, diarrhea was correlated with significantly higher UCEIS (p < 0.001). The mean fecal calprotectin was 647.64 ± 409.37 µg/g in CD and 567.30 ± 342.49 µg/g in UC patients. Higher calprotectin level was observed in patients with higher CRP level (p = 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) level, CDEIS, and UCEIS (r = 0.438; 0.473; and 0.517; respectively, all with p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study showed that although fever and diarrhea are associated with higher endoscopic severity scores in patients with IBD, no clinical symptom could reliably predict the endoscopic results, alone. Furthermore, higher fecal calprotectin level is associated with higher ESR and C reactive protein levels, CDEIS, and UCEIS.
Molecular Detection of Epstein–Barr Virus, Human Herpes Virus 6, Cytomegalovirus, and Hepatitis B Virus in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Asouri Mohsen , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Karimpoor Morteza , Fattahi Sadegh , Motamed Nima , Doosti Rozita , Amirbozorgi Galia , Sadaghiani Shokufeh , Mahboudi Fereidoun , Akhavan-Niaki Haleh
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with significant morbidity. A wide spectrum of risk factors has been suggested that triggers the development of MS. Among them, several viral infections have been implicated to play a role in MS pathogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between viral diseases, including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and MS in the present case-control study. METHODS About 100 patients with confirmed MS and age- and sex-matched individuals were selected as case and control groups, respectively. The patients were randomly selected from individuals diagnosed by neurologists based on the clinical signs and symptoms and imaging procedures. RESULTS More than 100 patients with MS and patients who were referred for other causes were analyzed for the presence of DNA of EBV, HHV6, CMV, and HBV separately. 9.37% of the control group had a positive test for the DNA of EBV in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while the frequency of positive test result was zero in the case group (p = 0.0012). HBV DNA was not detected in both the case and control groups. The prevalence of CMV was 0.88 and zero in the control and case groups, respectively (p = 0.3410). For HHV6, 9.73 % of the control group had a positive result, while this test was positive in 5.88% of the patients with MS (p = 0.2959). CONCLUSION We detected a significantly higher number of individuals with DNA of EBV in their blood among the control group compared with the case group. In conclusion, the results suggest a surprisingly adverse association between MS and EBV, and no association was found between the presence of DNA of HBV, CMV, and HHV6 and MS.
Clinical Manifestation of Gastroesophageal Reflux among Children with Chronic Constipation
Authors: Dehghani Seyed Mohsen , Poorghaiomi Reza , Javaherizadeh Hazhir
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND Functional gastrointestinal system diseases (FGIDs) are a group of childhood disorders, our knowledge of which is relatively limited. More importantly, the different subgroups among such a disease group are closely interrelated, and their natural courses and interrelations have yet to be fully clarified. Functional constipation and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are most frequently seen among this group. However, evidence as to whether any relationship exists between them is limited. In this study, we tried to examine the existence or absence of this relationship. METHODS First, patients with functional constipation were identified based on ROME III criteria, which included 205 patients. All patients were classified into two groups of 185 and 20 patients based on their ability to respond to the questions. Then age, sex, duration of constipation, treatment, and symptoms associated with reflux were examined based on the GERD questionnaire (in case group 185) and I-GERD (in case group 20). Score > 11 in the GERD questionnaire and score > 15 in the I-GERD questionnaire were considered as reflux disease. The variables that were evaluated using Chi-square and Fisher exact tests using SPSS software version 19 included age, sex, the onset of constipation, constipation duration, duration of treatment of constipation, ROME III criteria, and symptoms associated with reflux. RESULTS In the current study 205 subjects were included (girls = 49.8%, boys = 50.2%). The mean age of the children was 5.51 ± 3.15 years. Among the Rome III criteria, the most frequent were retentive posturing, painful defecation, history of large stool defecation, defecation less than 2 times per week, stool accumulation in the rectum, and fecal incontinency more than once a week, respectively. The lowest symptom among people with chronic constipation was fecal incontinency. Also, 46.8% of all patients in the study had a positive familial history. In general, there were 29 patients (14.1%) with reflux out of the 205 patients with functional constipation. In the present study, no significant relationship was found between Rome III criteria and reflux. CONCLUSION The frequency of GERD among cases with constipation was 14.1%. There was no significant relationship between Rome III criteria and reflux.
Sugar-Rich Foods Carry Osmotolerant Yeasts with IntracellularHelicobacter PyloriandStaphylococcusspp
Authors: Siavoshi Farideh , Sahraee Marzieh , Heydari Samira , Sarrafnejad Abdolfattah , Saniee Parastoo , Tavakolian Atefeh , Heidarian Sheida
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND Sugar-rich foods are of the main components of daily human meals. These foods with high sugar and low water content kill bacteria. However, osmotolerant yeasts survive and multiply. The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of intracellularHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori)andStaphylococcusspp. in yeast isolates from sugar-rich foods. METHODS Thirty-two yeast isolates from fresh fruits, dried fruits, commercial foods, and miscellaneous foods were identified by the sequencing of amplified products of 26S rDNA. Fluorescence microscopy and LIVE/DEAD bacterial viability kit were used to examine the occurrence of live bacteria inside the yeast’s vacuole. Immunofluorescence assay was used to confirm the identity of intracellular bacteria asH. pyloriandStaphylococcus. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of 16S rDNA ofH. pyloriandStaphylococcusin the total DNA of yeasts. RESULTS Yeasts were identified as members of seven genera;Candida, Saccharomyces, Zygosaccharomyces, Pichia, Meyerozyma, Metschnikowia,andWickerhamomyces.Intravacuolar bacteria were stained green with a bacterial viability kit, revealing that they were alive. Immunofluorescence assay confirmed the identity of intracellularH. pyloriandStaphylococcusspp. PCR results revealed that among the 32 isolated yeasts, 53% wereH. pylori-positive, 6% wereStaphylococcus-positive, 18.7% were positive for both, and 21.8% were negative for both. CONCLUSION Detection ofH. pylori- andStaphylococcus-16S rDNA in yeast isolates from dried fruits, and commercial foods showed the occurrence of more than one kind of endosymbiotic bacterium in yeasts’ vacuoles. While the establishment ofH. pyloriandStaphylococcusin yeast is a sophisticated survival strategy, yeast serves as a potent bacterial reservoir.
Upper Normal Limits of Serum Alanine Aminotransferase in Healthy Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kolahdoozan Shadi , Mirminachi Babak , Sepanlou Sadaf G. , Malekzadeh Reza , Merat Shahin , Poustchi Hossein
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND Measuring serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme is a routine clinical test commonly used to evaluate abnormalities in the body in general, and in the liver function in particular. Higher ALT levels are associated with some metabolic disorders. The upper limit normal (ULN) is considered as a reliable threshold for the definition of high ALT. OBJECTIVES: To assess the existing evidence on the ULN for ALT in the general population. DATA SOURCE: PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science (ISI) were searched using a specified search strategy. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We collected documents published from 1980 to 2018 in the English language, focusing on human samples at the population level and extracted the data after qualitative evaluation. METHODS We conducted this study in accordance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. We used specific search terms and their combinations to find documents from relevant databases. We used a snowballing approach to find documents not captured in the main phase of the search. Two authors separately conducted the search, screened the articles, and selected documents that were qualified for data extraction based on the defined inclusion criteria. Finally, data extraction was conducted by two authors using PRISMA checklist. Reported ULNs for ALT and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were documented in previously developed datasheets. RESULTS Out of 15242 studies, 47 articles were included for data extraction and analysis. Data were sparse and lacked the consistency to precisely estimate ULN for serum ALT. The ULN of ALT was significantly diverse across various geographical locations and sexes. The lowest value of ULN for ALT was 19 IU/L in Chinese children (age range: 7 to < 10 years), and the highest value of ULN for ALT was 55 IU/L in children from Ghana aged < 5 years. LIMITATIONS: The main limitation of the current systematic review was the scarcity of the reported measures for ULN of ALT. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the current systematic review, it is suggested that the normal range of ALT be redefined, but this redefinition should be done according to the localized data. In order to redefine the ULN for ALT, regional differences, methods used in ALT measurements, and ULN determination should be considered.
Perivesicular Abscess Drainage with Lumen-Apposing SelfExpanding Metal Stents
Authors: Melki Gabriel , Mohamed Abdalla , Cavanagh Yana , Baddoura Walid , Grossman Matthew
Published: August 2020

Abdominal and pelvic abscesses can occur due to a number of reasons, the most common being surgery. They are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The treatment approach for these types of collections is often the initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics, accompanied by drainage. Multiple diagnostic and therapeutic modalities have been described, including; percutaneous, transvaginal, endoscopic, and surgicaldrainage. Due to the complexity of pelvic anatomy, minimally invasive approaches such as percutaneous drainage are usually difficult. Pelvic abscesses have been historically drained through surgery. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided interventions have emerged as an alternative for the management of difficult abdominal and pelvic abscesses. Endoscopic interventions have classically included diagnostic and therapeutic aspiration, utilizing drainage catheters with or without placement of plastic stents. More recently, the use of lumen apposing self-expanding metal stents has become a treatment option for deep pelvic abscesses. Lumen opposing metal stents (LAMS) have a saddle-shaped design with two large-diameter flanges on both ends of the stent to anchor the stent edges within the respective lumens as well asa central waist that allows for communication between the two lumens. LAMS were originally designed for transmural pancreatic fluid collection drainage; however,they have been successfully implemented for numerous other off-label uses, including the drainage of pelvic and abdominal abscesses. We present the case of a 34-year-old womanwho presented with a septated abscess located between the urinary bladder and the rectum, which was successfully and definitively drained with LAMS.
The efficiency of remote ischemic preconditioning on serum cystatin C-based acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary angiography; a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Moradkhani Azadeh , Samimagham Hamid Reza , Tamaddondar Mohammad , Farshidi Hossein , Khayatian Mahmood , Soleimani Sanaz
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a known complication of cardiac interventions. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a non-pharmacological method which has a nephroprotective effect. Serum cystatin C (CysC) is a suitable biomarker for the early diagnosis of AKI. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of CI-AKI after RIPC in patients undergoing coronary angiography, through assessment of CysC. Patients and Methods: Around 140 patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing angiography were randomly allocated to two groups of RIPC and control groups. In each group, the following biomarkers were assessed: serum creatinine (Cr) and CysC at baseline, 24-hour and 48-hour serum Cr and 24-hour CysC. The endpoint was the development of AKI based on either the KDIGO criteria or a 15% increase in serum CysC. Results: No significant difference was observed between two groups regarding the incidence of AKI according to either KIDIGO criteria or by the increase of serum CysC (P =0.116 and P =0.392, respectively). Moreover, a 46.99% increase in CysC level was observed among patients with AKI during the first 24 hours after the procedure, while at the same interval, it increased only 16.01% in patients without AKI. Conclusion: RIPC with three cycles of 5-minute ischemia and 5-minute reperfusion, did not decrease serum CysC based CI-AKI or alter renal biomarkers course in patients with low risk, who underwent coronary angiography.
Fístula Carótido-Cavernosa con resolución quirúrgica; Un reporte de caso y revisión de literatura
Authors: Mora Navarro Daniel , Saborio Franz Biehl
Published: August 2020

Las fistulas carótido cavernosas son comunicaciones anormales entre el sistema arterial carotideo y el seno venoso cavernoso. Estas son adquiridas y de inicio tanto espontaneo como crónico. Divididas anatómicamente en directas donde su etiología principal es traumática, como durales donde la etiología es multifactorial. Se presenta el caso de un paciente portador de una fístula carótido-cavernosa tipo C. Un hombre de 59 años conocido sano inicia con sintomatología 7 meses después de un trauma penetrante a cuello anterior. Inyección conjuntival, dolor en hemicara, diplopía y tinnitus pulsátil. Se realizan múltiples tomografías computarizadas y una resonancia las cuales orientan a un diagnóstico vascular el cual es corroborado con una angiografía la cual logra diagnosticar una fístula carótido cavernosa tipo C. Esta fue tratada mediante embolización endovascular en dos ocasiones con disminución de la sintomatología y normalización de la presión intraocular.
Granulomatosis con poliangeitis: manifestaciones clínicas en cabeza y cuello
Authors: Ramírez Esquivel Josué D.
Published: August 2020

La granulomatosis con poliangeitis es una enfermedad poco común, cuya incidencia anual es de 8-10 casos por millón de personas, causada por una reacción autoinmune inusual asociada a la elevación de los anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (ANCA) que ocasionan vasculitis de pequeños vasos e inflamación granulomatosa. Estas reacciones ocasionan síntomas que usualmente comienzan de manera localizada, afectando la cabeza y el cuello, que progresan a una afectación sistémica con pobre pronóstico, sin embargo en ocasiones estos pueden ser pasados por altos y atrasar su diagnóstico. El artículo se  centra en mencionar las manifestaciones clínicas más importantes en la cabeza y el cuello. El diagnóstico es difícil y se basa en las manifestaciones clínicas, asociadas a un análisis histopatológico y positividad de los ANCA. El tratamiento temprano ayuda a mejorar el pronóstico de esta, y se necesita de un equipo multidisciplinario para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta enfermedad, para así lograr una remisión y prevenir la mayor cantidad de efectos adversos de los tratamientos. 

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a rare disease, with an anual incidence of 8-10 cases per million people, it´s caused by an unusual autoimmune reaction associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), producing small-vessel vasculitis and granulomatous inflammation. These reactions result in symptoms, usually localized starting in the head and neck region, progressing to a systemic form with a poor prognosis, however, some of these symptoms can be overlooked and delay the diagnosis. This article centers in mentioning the most important clinical manifestations in the head and neck. Diagnosis is difficult, and it’s based on clinical manifestations associated with histopathological analysis and ANCA positivity. Early treatment helps improving the prognosis, and a multi-disciplinary cooperation is needed for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, to adequately achieve the remission and to prevent most of the adverse effects of the treatments.
Infección invasiva por Listeria monocytogenes en un paciente con síndrome de Evans.
Authors: Méndez Ramírez Erick José , Maroto Fernández Jeinny
Published: August 2020

Listeria monocytogenes es una bacteria intracelular facultativa que tiene predilección por causar infecciones del sistema nervioso central en humanos. Cuya población de riesgo predominante es lactantes, adultos mayores y en estados de inmunosupresión. Los principales síndromes clínicos causados por Listeria monocytogenes incluyen gastroenteritis febril, infección perinatal e infecciones sistémicas marcadas por infecciones del sistema nervioso central con o sin bacteriemia. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 66 años portador de síndrome de Evans en tratamiento inmunosupresor quien acude al servicio de emergencias del Hospital San Carlos el 27 de agosto de 2019, por un cuadro agudo de fiebre, cefalea y ataque al estado general en quien se documenta síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y meningitis bacteriana ante lo cual inicio empíricamente cefotaxime. El panel molecular y los hemocultivos fueron positivos por Listeria monocytogenes. El paciente recibió 3 semanas de antibioticoterapia con ampicilina con excelente evolución clínica y sin secuelas neurológicas.
Tumor de Wilms
Authors: Kriebel Haehner Marcela José , Zúñiga Villegas Adriana , Morún Calvo Daniel , González Chavarría Andrey
Published: August 2020

El tumor  Willms es el tumor renal más frecuente en la edad pediátrica. Histológicamente se encuentra compuesto por tres tipos de células. Tiene una presentación clínica en la mayoría de los casos esporádica, sin embargo se ha visto asociado a síndromes genéticos. Actualmente tras su diagnóstico y tratamiento, se ha visto que sus principales complicaciones se asocian a los quimioterapeuticos utilizados. En nuestro país se ha evidenciado una tasa de sobrevivencia superior a los países sub desarollados.
Diagnóstico y manejo de invaginación intestinal en población pediátrica
Authors: Ruiz Loría Viviana , Acosta Egea Sabrina , Echeverría Miranda Marisabel , Salas Salas Esteban
Published: August 2020

La invaginación intestinal es la causa más frecuente de obstrucción intestinal y la segunda de abdomen agudo en la población pediátrica. Un 90% de los casos es primario o idiopático. Suele tener una triada de síntomas que incluyen: dolor abdominal, vómitos y presencia de sangre en heces. Generalmente, involucra el íleon el cual se invagina dentro del ciego por medio de la válvula ileocecal. Puede conducir a isquemia y luego perforación si no es tratada de forma correcta en un tiempo adecuado. La reducción por enema es un procedimiento efectivo y seguro para el tratamiento de la invaginación intestinal. El manejo inicial siempre es con enemas, sin importar si es una invaginación inicial o si es una recurrencia, antes de considerar opciones quirúrgicas, y usualmente resuelve un 85-90% de los casos.
Reflujo vesicoureteral
Authors: Monge Espinoza Gabriel , D`  Avanzo Zúniga Daniela , Duarte Núñez Daniela , Mora Membreño Karla
Published: August 2020

El reflujo vesicoureteral (RVU) corresponde al flujo retrógrado de orina desde la vejiga hacia el  tracto urinario superior debido a anormalidades anatómicas o funcionales de la unión ureterovesical (UUV). Se divide en RVU primario o secundario según su etiología. Se encuentra con mayor frecuencia en niñas menores a dos años. La presentación clínica con frecuencia consiste en la aparición de infecciones del tracto urinario (ITUs) que conllevan a la formación de cicatrices renales, hipertensión, y enfermedad renal terminal. El RVU se diagnostica de manera definitiva mediante la cistouretrografía miccional seriada (CUMS), que mediante un sistema de gradiente clasifica la severidad del reflujo del I al V. Existe mayor posibilidad de resolución espontánea en reflujos de bajo grado en comparación con aquellos de alto grado y bilaterales. Por último, el tratamiento del RVU consiste en antibióticos profilácticos y en algunos casos cirugía. Sin embargo, el uso de terapia antibiótica profiláctica a largo plazo es controversial, debido a los datos no concluyentes con respecto a la disminución en la aparición de cicatrices renales.
Glioblastomas: clasificación, caracterización molecular y vías de señalización comúnmente alteradas
Authors: Camacho Alvarado Maria Catalina , Taboada Mora Daniela
Published: August 2020

El Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) es la neoplasia primaria maligna del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) más frecuente a nivel mundial. Este tiene una de las tasas de supervivencia más bajas de cualquier tumor cerebral a pesar de avances en técnicas diagnósticas, mayor entendimiento de su génesis tumoral y la existencia de terapias dirigidas. Se modifica la Clasificación de Tumores del SNC de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) de 2016 debido a la relevancia de incluir parámetros moleculares además de la caracterización histológica clásica para su diagnóstico, las principales vías de señalización alteradas y el biomarcador Metil-guanina metil-transferasa (MGMT).
Sangrado digestivo alto: Una emergencia médica
Authors: Echeverría Flores Ana Sofia , González Villegas William , Polanco Méndez Daniela , Ramírez Garita Josua , Vargas Aguilar Katherine
Published: August 2020

El sangrado digestivo alto es aquel que se presenta a nivel de esófago, estómago y/o duodeno, se debe principalmente (80-90%) a causas no variceales siendo la más frecuente las úlcera péptica, sin embargo también puede ocurrir por la ruptura de várices esofágicas secundarias a hipertensión portal. Entre los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de esta patología se encuentra la infección por Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori), el uso de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES), así como el uso de medicamentos antiplaquetarios y anticoagulantes. Se manifiesta como hematemesis y melena principalmente. Representa una emergencia médica, razón por la cual el abordaje inicial consiste en valorar y estabilizar el estado hemodinámico y realizar endoscopia para identificar el origen del sangrado digestivo. El tratamiento definitivo va dirigido a corregir la causa subyacente.
Malaria: revisión bibliográfica.
Authors: Araya Calvo Paula , Polanco Méndez Daniela
Published: August 2020

La malaria es una enfermedad endémica principalmente de áreas tropicales, transmitida por el parásito Plasmodium por medio de la picadura de la mosquito Anopheles , en los últimos años se ha visto una disminución importante de su prevalencia a nivel mundial, sin embargo en zonas endémicas como África aún se presenta una cifra elevada de contagios.. En la mayoría de pacientes esta enfermedad se va a presentar con un síndrome febril, asociado a escalofríos, mialgias, cefaleas y vómitos. Los habitantes de zonas endémicas se abordan de distinta manera ya que se han expuesto al parasito por largo tiempo y se ha visto que los pacientes con edad avanzada, inmunosupresión y embarazo poseen un riesgo más elevado de contraer la enfermedad. Es importante conocer si el paciente presenta criterios de severidad o alguna complicación como la malaria cerebral , la insuficiencia renal, el edema pulmonar y el síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo. Para su diagnóstico es importante la visualización del parásito en el frotis de sangre periférica, siendo también importante la identificación de la especie para un tratamiento específico, así mismo es necesario el tratamiento de sus complicaciones en caso de presentarlas.
Lo que la pandemia puede enseñarnos sobre el “derecho” a morir
Authors: Albert Márquez Marta
Published: August 2020

El artículo trata de mostrar cómo puede replantearse el debate sobre el derecho a la eutanasia en la sociedad postcovid. Se sostiene la tesis de que la legalización de la eutanasia genera un riesgo para la vida y la integridad de las personas a las que se otorga el derecho de morir, los pacientes con enfermedad crónica grave. La pandemia ha puesto de manifiesto la enorme vulnerabilidad de esos enfermos en el ejercicio de su derecho a la protección de la salud y la necesidad de una protección jurídica más eficaz para sus vidas.  Del mismo modo, la crisis sanitaria nos permite redimensionar las demandas reales de los hipotéticos destinatarios de la nueva ley, y estas no tienen tanto que ver con el derecho a la muerte como con el derecho a la vida y al acceso igualitario a los tratamientos médicos disponibles.
La objeción de conciencia frente a la eutanasia
Authors: Sánchez Barragán Rosa De Jesús
Published: August 2020

El desarrollo tecnológico y científico ha permitido un gran desarrollo de las objeciones de conciencia en el ámbito bioético y biojurídico, una de ellas la objeción de conciencia a la eutanasia. El debate actual en torno a la objeción de conciencia radica en decidir si la protección de los dictados de la conciencia, manifestada en el respeto a las convicciones morales íntimas, ha de incluirse, o no, en ese mínimo ético que el Derecho debe proteger. De tal forma que el recurso a la objeción de conciencia presupone la existencia de un conflicto entre dos exigencias netamente jurídicas, pues lo que se debate es si la imposición o prohibición de una determinada conducta se debe o no incluir en el mínimo ético que todo ordenamiento jurídico de un Estado de Derecho debe garantizar. La conclusión a la que se llega en este artículo es que la objeción de conciencia es una figura que busca preservar la conciencia de una minoría, de aquellos médicos o personal de salud que quiere ser fieles a su conciencia, negándose a realizar el acto eutanásico. Esta acción no sólo tiene una connotación moral sino también jurídica, razón por la cual la objeción de conciencia es un auténtico derecho que debe ser protegido en todo estado de derecho.
Presencia, autoconciencia y autocuidado de los profesionales que trabajan con el sufrimiento
Authors: Benito Oliver Enrique , Rivera Rivera Paola , Yaeger Monje Juan Pablo , Specos Marcela
Published: August 2020

El trabajo en el entorno sanitario expone frecuentemente a los profesionales a experiencias de intensidad emocional, que emergen del contacto con la vulnerabilidad, las pérdidas y el sufrimiento de pacientes y familiares, lo que supone una elevada exposición al estrés.

Los avances en neurobiología y la mejor comprensión de la neurofisiología de la relación terapéutica, permiten entender cómo podemos, no solo cuidarnos mejor, sino como dotarnos de recursos para transformar constructivamente la experiencia del que sufre y del que acompaña.

La compresión del rol de la autoconciencia, la presencia y el autocuidado y sus fundamentos neurobiológicos, nos permiten elaborar propuestas para prevenir el riesgo de burn out y otros problemas de salud mental muy prevalentes entre los profesionales.

El artículo revisa las bases de la relación de ayuda, los riesgos y oportunidades de nuestro trabajo, las relaciones entre empatía, autoconciencia y compasión; el balance emocional necesario para trabajar en este entorno y la autoconciencia como plataforma de la presencia y de la regulación emocional.

Se ofrecen algunas prácticas útiles para el autocuidado, incluyendo el trabajo en equipo como factor de protección. Y finalmente se propone un compromiso del profesional con su autocuidado.
Relación del síndrome de Burn Out y el Compromiso Organizacional en personas que trabajan y estudian en una Universidad del Norte
Authors: Girón Camilo , Serruto Perea Yesenia Aylen
Published: August 2020

La investigación realizada utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, método correlacional descriptivo y un diseño no experimental y transversal, donde se determina la relación entre el Síndrome de Burn Out y el Compromiso Organizacional en personas que trabajan y estudian en 02 Programas de una Facultad de CCEE de una universidad en el norte. La población a la cual se estudio estuvo conformada por un número de 220 estudiantes, se utilizó dos cuestionarios en la recolección de los datos. Encontrándose la existencia de una correlación inversa significativa débil entre Síndrome de Burn Out y el Compromiso Organizacional, es decir, la población estudiada tiende a tener una percepción correcta sobre el Compromiso organizacional. De igual forma la relación entre las variables sociodemográficas concuerdan con otros estudios realizados sobre el tema.
Programa de canciones basado en el proceso metacomprensivo en la comprensión lectora en estudiantes del IV ciclo de formación inicial docente de la Región Lambayeque
Authors: López Segura Carlos Ibán
Published: August 2020

La investigación tuvo como propósito diseñar y aplicar un programa de canciones basado en el proceso metacomprensivo para mejorar la comprensión lectora en estudiantes del IV ciclo de formación inicial docente de la Región Lambayeque. La investigación fue de tipo pre experimental con diseño de dos grupos antes y después.  La muestra correspondió a 30 estudiantes a quienes se les aplicó la prueba de comprensión lectora.  Al inicio de la investigación los estudiantes de los dos grupos (experimental y control) mostraron semejanzas en el desarrollo de habilidades comprensivas, en su mayoría, en la categoría bajo y un grupo significativo en la categoría medio. Por ello se planeó un programa centrado en estrategias metacomprensivas dirigido al grupo experimental quienes participaron activamente en los procesos de planificación, monitoreo y evaluación.   Consecuencia de ello, la contratación de la hipótesis demostró que el grupo experimental es significativamente mayor que el grupo de control. Por lo que el diseño y aplicación del programa de canciones basado en el proceso metacomprensivo mejoró la comprensión lectora en los estudiantes del grupo experimental que alcanzó el 63, 33% en el nivel alto, frente al grupo control que mantuvo similar porcentaje del pretest con 43,33% en el nivel bajo demostrándose la eficacia del estímulo.
La importancia de la investigacion formativa como estrategia de aprendizaje
Authors: Campos Olazabal Patricia Julia
Published: August 2020

La investigación formativa como parte de la investigación en general, representa una oportunidad de formar conocimiento original al usarla como estrategia didáctica. Partiendo de nuestra misión como universidades católicas y cumpliendo con lo encargado por Ex Corde Ecclessiae debemos fomentar investigación, enseñar y formar. La Investigación  formativa es una manera muy temprana de enseñar investigación,  pero sobre todo de hacer que el alumno le tome gusto a  investigar. El objetivo del presente trabajo es resaltar la importancia de la investigación formativa como estrategia de apredizaje y como formadora de pensamiento crítico y capacidad para el aprendizaje autónomo y permanente en el pregrado. Actualmente, y teniendo como eje obligatorio misional la RSU, la investigación formativa aplicada al campo social representa un valor agregado que las universidades católicas podemos y debemos ofrecer.
ANALISA JARAK LINDUNG LIGHTING ARRESTER TERHADAP TRANSFORMATOR DAYA 20 MVA GARDU INDUK SUNGAI JUARO PALEMBANG
Authors: Azis Abdul , Nurdin H. Alimin
Published: August 2020

Lighting arrester merupakan alat proteksi untuk melindungi Transformator Daya 20 MVA pada Gardu Induk Sungai Juaro terhadap surja petir maupun surja hubung. Jarak maksimum lighting arrester sangat mempengaruhi kinerja dari lighting arrester tersebut dalam melindungi peralatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Diagram Tangga atau Lattice Diagram sehingga dapat diketahui gelombang yang bila mengenai suatu titik peralihan, akan menimbulkan gelombang-gelombang baru sebagai hasil dari pantulan dan terusan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa jarak lighting arrester terhadap Transformator Daya 20 MVA yang terpasang adalah 7 m, sedangkan dari hasil perhitungan adalah 5,7812 m. Saluran transmisi pada Gardu Induk Sungai Juaro Palembang adalah transmisi sirkit ganda, dan berdasarkan SPLN 7: 1978 bahwa untuk sistem 66 kV dengan transmisi sirkit ganda jarak antara penangkap petir dengan transformator tidak melebihi 34 m. Berarti jarak lighting arrester terhadap Transformator Daya 20 MVA masih berada dalam batasan yang telah ditetapkan oleh PT PLN. Kenaikan tegangan yang terjadi pada transformator masih berada dibawah BIL, dengan demikian dapat ditentukan bahwa peralatan masih dapat terlindungi oleh lighting arrester karena pemasangan masih dibawah harga maksimum atau belum melebihi standar BIL.

Kata Kunci: Jarak, Lindung, Arrester
Doctoral writing workshops: A pre-registered, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sarnecka Barbara Wiseheart , Silva Paulina N. , Coon Jeffrey Harris , Vickers Darby , Goldstein Rena Beatrice , Rouder Jeffrey N.
Published: August 2020

Doctoral students were randomly assigned to a five-week (30-hour) faculty-led writing workshop intervention, either preceded by a five-week (waiting list) control phase or followed by a five-week maintenance phase. In the workshop, students wrote together, received instruction in genres of academic writing (literature reviews, scientific articles, funding proposals, and presentations), and exchanged feedback on drafts. As a result of the workshop students enjoyed writing more, found writing easier, and gained confidence in themselves as academic writers. They felt able to write productively in shorter blocks of time, and they engaged in more short-term, medium-term, and long-term planning of their research. The intervention also caused participants to pause more frequently for reflection or positive thinking and to generate more new writing. Effects were maintained in a peer-led writing maintenance group for at least five weeks after the intervention ended. This is the first randomized controlled trial of a doctoral-level writing intervention to date and has the potential to support doctoral training in academic and scientific writing across the Social Sciences, Education, and the Humanities.
GINKGO BILOBA L. (GINKGOACEAE) AT PETER THE GREAT BOTANIC GARDEN OF BIN RAS
Authors: Trofimuk L.P. , Firsov G.A. , Karamysheva A.V.
Published: August 2020

Ginkgo biloba L. has been known at Peter the Great Botanic Garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) since 1816. In modern collection it is represented since 1947, in vegetative state. In these conditions, it forms a well-developed tree with a single trunk and a well-developed crown; the best specimens have reached a height of 15.5 m at the age of 74 years old. Compared to previously published data, its size has increased significantly. The dates of phenostages of its seasonal rhythm of development correspond to the local Calendar of Nature; it is not damaged by spring and autumn frosts. The maximum percentage of rooting from cuttings was 88,5 %.The species may be recommended for Saint-Petersburg’s city planting. Earlier there was an opinion that Leningrad (Saint-Petersburg, not Kharkov) is the northern border of Ginkgo cultivation in living form of a tree (Komarova, Zamjatnin, 1990), but nowadays, in the second decade of the XXI century, its distribution may be prolonged further up to the North.
NATURAL FOCAL MORBIDITY AND CONDITIONS OF ITS FORMATION IN THE PERM REGION
Authors: Minkina A.V. , Dvinskikh S.A. , Zueva T.V.
Published: August 2020

Perm Krai belongs to the territories with a high level of natural focal diseases (the average long-term indicator (AL-TI) is 2-2,5 times higher than in Russia), and in the ecological rating of the regions of the Russian Federation it is on the 21st place. In this regard, the aim of the study is to explore the influence of the ecological situation of natural complexes on the spread of natural focal diseases. The article describes the relationship between "the natural focal diseases and the ecological state of a natural complex." For that, we have analyzed the sickness rate by natural focal diseases of the Perm Krai population; we have assessed the ecological situation in natural complexes and examined its relationship to the incidence of the viral and parasitic natural focal diseases. The results of Spirman's rank correlation coefficients calculation are given, showing a close relationship between a comprehensive indicator of the environmental situation and the sickness rate of viral and parasitic focal diseases in the "Southern Taiga" forest complex and the significant relationship in the "Broad-leaved-taiga forest" forest complex. In other forest complexes this connection is unreliable. Therefore, not in all natural complexes the ecological situation directly affects the natural focal disease rate.
COMPARATIVE HYDRO-MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ISLANDS OF DIFFERENTLY BRANCHED UPPER OB AND MIDDLE LENA RIVER CHANNELS
Authors: Golubtsov G.B. , Chalov R.S.
Published: August 2020

This article is devoted to the formation conditions and morphometric features of the river islands. Also it considers the rate of branching of the Upper Ob and Middle Lena river channels. They are the largest rivers, but the Middle Lena River is bigger than the Upper Ob River by 6.15 times of total runoff and 2.5 times of width. However, both of them have unstable or weakly stable channels, characterized by parallel-sleeve, alternating, one-sided and single branchings, formed by numerous islands. Their comparison makes it possible to establish the dependence of the conditions of islands formation, their parameters (length - L , width - B , shape - L / B ), types and number on the indicators of stability, total runoff, branching types and location in the channel (active or peripheral part). These correlations based on hydro-morphological analysis show that the shape of islands L / B and the branching rate of the channel - n / x depend on the degree of stability. It is a common feature of all branching types and stages of island evolution (elementary, small, large islands and island massifs). Uniform dependencies of island parameters on river bed stability for both rivers, despite their large-scale distortions, were obtained by taking into account the connection of channel width ( b ) with its runoff ( Q ) by introducing a correction factor of 2.5 for the river size. Also the formation conditions of elongated islands ( L / B > 5), were determined. Their shape does not correspond to the optimal ratio L / B = 3...4. The revealed patterns give an opportunity to clarify the previously proposed classification of the islands.
PHASE STATE OF ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION IN THE PERM REGION
Authors: Pishchalnikova E.V. , Akilov E.V.
Published: August 2020

The phase state of precipitation is one of the significant climatic indicators in conditions of global warming. The distribution of the temporal frequency of precipitation forms gives an idea of the changes occurring in the environment. This article discusses the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation, taking into account their morphological classification. A tendency to a decrease in the amount of precipitation falling in solid form has been established. The prevalence of the liquid phase of precipitation over solid in the annual amount by 3 % on average against the background of a greater repeatability of solid precipitation was revealed. Based on cluster analysis, zoning of the territory of the Perm region was carried out according to the prevailing forms of precipitation. Three zones have been distinguished: northeast, center and south. Particular attention is paid to certain types of precipitation: mixed and supercooled, as the most difficult to predict and having complex formation mechanisms. Favorable synoptic situations were determined: a warm sector of a cyclone and a hollow with a warm front. An analysis of the thermal state of the lower troposphere made it possible to establish the thickness of the warm layer (if any), the height of the zero isotherm, and the prevailing surface air temperature.