bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A HERSCHEL VIEW OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS IN THE σ ORI CLUSTER
Authors: Maucó Karina , Hernández Jesús , Calvet Nuria , Ballesteros-Paredes Javier , Briceño César , McClure Melissa , D’Alessio Paola , Anderson Kassandra , Ali Babar
Published: September 2016

We present newHerschelobservations using the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer of 32 T Tauri stars in the young (∼3 Myr)σOri cluster. Most of our objects are K and M stars with large excesses at 24μm. We used irradiated accretion disk models of D’Alessio et al. to compare their spectral energy distributions with our observational data. We arrive at the following six conclusions. (i) The observed disks are consistent with irradiated accretion disk systems. (ii) Most of our objects (60%) can be explained by significant dust depletion from the upper disk layers. (iii) Similarly, 61% of our objects can be modeled with large disk sizes (Rd ≥ 100 au). (iv) The masses of our disks range between 0.03 and 39MJup, where 35% of our objects have disk masses less than 1MJup. Although these are lower limits, high-mass (>0.05) disks, which are present in, e.g., Taurus, are missing. (v) By assuming a uniform distribution of objects around the brightest stars at the center of the cluster, we found that 80% of our disks are exposed to external FUV radiation of, which can be strong enough to photoevaporate the outer edges of the closer disks. (vi) Within 0.6 pc fromσOri we found forbidden emission lines of [Nii] in the spectrum of one of our large disks (SO662), but no emission in any of our small ones. This suggests that this object may be an example of a photoevaporating disk.
Incidental Findings on Chest Computed Tomography are Common and Linked to Inflammation in HIV-Infected Adults
Authors: Park Michelle S , Hileman Corrilynn O , Sattar Abdus , Gilkeson Robert , McComsey Grace A
Published: September 2016

Background

Chest imaging is performed for a variety of reasons in HIV-infected adults. There are limited data on the prevalence of incidental findings, progression of these findings over time and the relationship with inflammation in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated HIV-infected adults.

Methods

This study utilized data from a randomized clinical trial of rosuvastatin in HIV-infected adults on ART. Incidental findings were reported from chest computed tomography (CT) scans obtained for coronary artery calcium score at entry, week 48 and 96. Markers of immune activation and inflammation were measured concurrently. Poisson regression and generalized estimating equations were used.

Results

A total of 147 participants were enrolled. Median age was 46 years, 78% were male, 68% African American and 63% current smokers. At baseline, 57% of participants had at least one incidental lung finding (ILF) and four additional participants had at least one ILF by week 96. At baseline, older age, current smoking, lower nadir CD4+ T-cell count and low-density lipoprotein and higher lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) were independently associated with having a greater number of ILFs. In the longitudinal analyses, older age, lower nadir CD4+ T-cell count and higher baseline soluble tumour necrosis factor α-receptor I (sTNF-RI) were independently associated with having a greater number of ILFs over 96 weeks.

Conclusions

Over half of participants had at least one incidental finding on chest CT. Beyond traditional factors of older age and smoking, lower nadir CD4+ T-cell count and higher markers of inflammation were associated with having a greater number of ILFs in HIV-infected adults on ART.
A framework for effective implementation of lean production in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Authors: Belhadi Amine , Touriki Fatima Ezzahra , El fezazi Said
Published: September 2016

Purpose: The present paper aims at developing an effective framework including all the components necessary for implementing lean production properly in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.Design/methodology/approach: The paper begins with the review of the main existing framework of lean implementation in order to highlight shortcomings in the literature through a lack of suitable framework for small companies. To overcome this literature gap, data of successful initiatives of lean implementation were collected based on a multiple case study approach. These initiatives has been juxtaposed in order to develop a new, practical and effective framework that includes all the components (process, tools, success factors) that are necessary to implement lean in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.Findings: The proposed framework presents many significant contributions: First, it provides an overcoming for the limitations of the existing frameworks by proposing for consultants, researchers and organizations an effective framework for lean implementation in SMEs that allows SMEs to benefit from competitive advantages  gained by lean. Second, it brings together a set of the more essential and critical elements of lean implementation commonly used by SMEs and derived from the practical experiences of them in lean implementation. Finally, it highlights the successful experiences of small companies in implementing lean programs and then proves that lean can give a relevant results even for SMEs.Research limitations/implications: The proposed framework presents a number of limitations and still evokes extension for further researches: Although it was derived from practical experiences of SMEs, the proposed framework is not supported by practical implementation. On the other hand and even though the elements in the proposed framework from the practical experiences of four SMEs, the identified elements need to be generalized and enriching by conducting a survey to identify more elements that are also commonly used in SMEs.Practical implications: Implementing rigorously the proposed framework will help small companies’ managers to improve considerably their organization’s performance and benefits from lean strategies outcomes. Researches and practitioners in small businesses now possess an integral framework for successfully implementing lean strategies.Originality/value: To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first work that proposes an effective lean implementation framework believed to be easy to understund, practical and suitable for small companies. In short, this study is a real quantum leap to resolve the problematic unanswered of lean implementation in SMEs.
La ética pública en tiempos de crisis (XXIV Conferencias Aranguren)
Authors: Pérez Vera Elisa
Published: September 2016

Desde hace unos años, la palabra crisis se ha instalado en nuestro lenguaje cotidiano. Se trata de un término polivalente que se aplica sobre una realidad magmática de contornos imprecisos. Inicialmente la crisis se manifestó a nivel económico. Pero la crisis afecta al disfrute de los derechos constitucionales, agravando el desamparo de una ciudadanía cada vez más alejada de la clase política. En este contexto, la corrupción política detrae una cuantía escandalosa recursos que podrían ser destinados a satisfacer derechos constitucionales. De ahí que la lucha contra la corrupción resulte prioritaria. Los códigos éticos aparecen como nuevos instrumentos de regeneración de la vida pública con los que romperla judicialización de la vida política, que tanto daño están causando a nuestro sistema democrático.
La empresa troyana y la pregunta por el quién en el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt
Authors: Pinilla Cañadas Scheherezade
Published: September 2016

Este artículo pretende dar respuesta a toda esa crítica que sostiene que Hannah Arendt es una pensadora política con nostalgia de la pólis. Desde esta perspectiva, no resulta muy difícil concluir, no sólo que el pensamiento de Arendt es irrelevante en relación con los problemas contemporáneos; sino que estamos ante una auténtica reaccionaria cuando se trata de analizar las grandes cuestiones de las democracias representativas. Aquí se entiende que esta lectura es errónea y parcial y también que la obra sobre la que dicha interpretación se articula, La condición humana, debe ser estudiada de un modo mucho más sutil; que pasaría por un diálogo múltiple y complejo con la tradición filosófico-política. A tal fin, se hace una breve exposición, no tanto de su dependencia con Heidegger, cuanto de su “conversación radical” con él. Esta conversación (si bien sólo se estudia parcialmente) arroja mucha luz sobre el proyecto filosófico de Hannah Arendt en su conjunto. En segundo lugar, en este trabajo se postula que Homero ofrece una perspectiva inmejorable a la hora de analizar lo que Miguel Abensour ha denominado “una concepción política del heroísmo.” De manera más específica, la tesis que aquí se defiende es que la Ilíada, y particularmente el catálogo de las naves del Canto II, podrían ser interpretados como el origen del concepto arendtiano de pluralidad.
L’appréhension de la dette écologique en droit du commerce international : approches contractuelle et contentieuse
Authors: Asfar-Cazenave Caroline , Ravillon Laurence
Published: September 2016

La dette écologique sera appréhendée sous l’angle contractuel puis sous l’angle du contentieux commercial international. Les sources de la prise en compte de la dette écologique en droit du commerce international seront étudiées, ainsi que les limites à cette référence, qui s’illustrent par la difficile mise en œuvre des engagements contractuels et par l’approche du droit des investissements, droit plus soucieux de protéger les investisseurs que l’environnement du pays d’accueil de l’investissement. Nous tenterons ensuite de voir quelle est la capacité de l’arbitre à imposer aux opérateurs du commerce international le respect de normes environnementales. Le droit de l’environnement pourra ainsi être pris en compte au titre du contrat ou de l’ordre public transnational.
Exploitation des ressources naturelles et échange écologique inégal : une approche globale de la dette écologique
Authors: Schmitt Boris
Published: September 2016

Il s’agit ici de contextualiser la problématique de la dette écologique, de montrer que cette dernière surgit dans le cadre d’un système global, d’une division internationale du travail. Le poids de cette division internationale du travail est particulièrement prégnant en ce qui concerne l’exploitation des ressources naturelles. Certaines zones restent spécialisées dans l’extraction de matières premières et la mise à disposition de services écosystémiques, subissant les désavantages écologiques, économiques et sociaux liés à cette spécialisation, tandis que d’autres zones sont avant tout consommatrices de ressources et services écologiques qu’elles peuvent injecter dans des processus économiques diversifiés et riches en valeur ajoutée. Le prix des matières premières ne reflète pas nécessairement l’ensemble des inconvénients et dommages socio-écologiques liés à leur extraction, comme d’ailleurs tous les avantages économiques qu’il est possible de dégager de leur utilisation industrielle. De ces contradictions émerge la dette écologique. Parmi les analyses qui ont tenté de cerner les tendances à la formation de dettes écologiques au sein du système économique mondial figurent celles du courant théorique de l’échange écologique inégal. De cette contribution on peut dégager des concepts originaux, comme celui de métabolisme social, ainsi que des outils précieux tels que l’analyse en termes de polarisation centre-périphérie ou des méthodes de mesure des échanges inégaux de matières et d’énergie. Il convient cependant d’adapter ces concepts et ces outils à la réalité mouvante des rapports de force économique et à ne pas se contenter de schémas posés a priori.
Chemiresistive Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers
Authors: Pirsa Sajad
Published: September 2016

Chemiresistive gas sensor based on conducting polymer is a type of sensors that presents gas sensors with excellent characters; low-cost fabrication, fast detection, simultaneous determination (array gas sensor), portable devices and so. Theses gas sensors are commonly based on polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTh) and their derivatives as a transducer. Common configuration and response mechanism of these sensors are reported in this section. Some factors that induce selectivity to these sensors are discussed. Different materials (conductor or insulant) can be used as a substrate of polymerization. Type of substrate, selective membranes, surface modification of conducting polymer and so can change response behavior of these sensors.
Modeling, Design, and Applications of the Gas Sensors Based on Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Vargas-Bernal Rafael
Published: September 2016

Gas sensing continues attracting research communities due to its potential applications in the sectors military, industrial and commercial. A special emphasis is placed on the use of carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, as sensing materials. The chapter will be divided as follows: In the first part, a description of the main topologies and materials (carbon nanomaterials plus polymers, metals, ceramics or combinations between these groups) used to fabricate gas sensors based on graphene and carbon nanotubes that are operated by conductance or resistance electrical, is realized. Next, different mathematical models that can be used to simulate gas sensors based on these materials are presented. In the third part, the impact of the graphene and carbon nanotubes on gas sensors is exemplified with technical advances achieved until now. Finally, it is provided a prospective analysis on the role of the gas sensors based on carbon nanomaterials in the next decades.
Development of Gas Sensor Model for Detection of NO2 Molecules Adsorbed on Defect-Free and Defective Graphene
Authors: Rahmani Meisam , Rahmani Komeil , Kiani Mohammad Javad , Karimi Hediyeh , Akbari Elnaz , Ahmadi Mohammad Taghi , Ismail Razali
Published: September 2016

A wide popularity has been generated by graphene as a result of fundamental scientific interest in nano-materials. Graphene-based nanostructure then possess a wide range of special physical uniqueness which can be used in many types of applications including some categories of sensors like optical, magnetic, electronic field, strain and mass sensors as well as field-effect, electrochemical and piezoelectric gas sensors. Graphene is believed to be a fantastic sensor material because of its single atomic layer of graphite with surface.
Optimization of Current-Voltage Characteristics of Graphene-Based Biosensors
Authors: Karimi Hediyeh , Rahmani Rasoul , Akbari Elnaz , Rahmani Meisam , Ahamdi Mohammad Taghi
Published: September 2016

The aim of this project is to study and develop graphene-based DNA sensor model for detection of DNA hybridization application. This includes modeling and simulation of carrieconcentration, conductance, and current-voltage characteristics of graphene-based sensors on the field effect transistor (FET) platform. The main challenge is to validate the developed modelwith the experimental data,sincegraphene is considered as a new emerging material and research is still rapidly taking place with fabrication effort reported so far. In this research, first, numerical model is developed which shows the dependency of current-voltage characteristics on the DNA concentration factor. The iteration method is used for developing the numerical model. The proposed model is simulated utilizing MATLAB software to validate with experimental data of DNA hybridization. The Id-Vg characteristic of the proposed numerical model is depicted for different concentrations of DNA molecules and compared with experimental data for the verification purpose. After determining the accuracy of the models, particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used to minimize the error of the numerical model.Then, optimization results are shown. Overally, the accuracy of more than 98% represents an overall error of less than 2\% which is quite acceptable for the optimized numerical model.
Graphene and CNT Field Effect Transistors Based Biosensor Models
Authors: Pourasl Ali Hosseingholi , Ahmadi Mohammad Taghi , Rahmani Meisam , Ismail Razali , Tan Michael Loong Pengl
Published: September 2016

In this chapter, novel ideas of graphene and CNT based electrical biosensors are provided. A liquid gated graphene field effect transistor (LG-GFET) based biosensor model is analytically developed for electrical detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. E. coli absorption effects on the graphene surface in the form of conductance variation is considered. Moreover, the current-voltage characteristic in terms of conductance model is applied to evaluate the performance of the biosensor model. Furthermore, the CNT-FET platform is employed for modeling biosensor in order to detect Glucose. For diagnosing and monitoring the blood glucose level, glucose oxidase (GOx) based enzyme sensors have been immensely used. According to the proposed CNT-FET structure, charge based analytical modeling approach is used. The charge-based carrier velocity model is implemented to study electrical characteristics of CNT-FET. In the presented model, the gate voltage is considered as a function of glucose concentration. Finally, the both of presented models are compared with published experimental data.
Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Sensor Modeling
Authors: Meshginqalam Bahar , Ahmadi Mohammad Taghi , Tousi Hamid Toloue Ajili , Sabatyan Arash , Centeno Anthony
Published: September 2016

Exceptional optical and electrical characteristics of graphene based materials attract significant interest of the researchers to develop sensing center of surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensors by graphene application. On the other hand refractive index calculation of graphene based structures is necessary for SPR sensor analysis. In this chapter first of all a new method for refractive index investigation of some graphene based structures are introduced and then the effect of carrier density variant in the form of conductance gradient on graphene based SPR sensor response is modeled. The molecular properties such as electro-negativity, molecular mass, effective group number and effective outer shell factor of the molecule are engaged. In addition each factor effect in the cumulative carrier variation is explored analytically. The refractive index shift equation based on these factors is defined and related coefficients are proposed. Finally a semi-empirical model for interpretation of changes in SPR curve is suggested and tested for some organic molecules.
Fast Neuron Detection
Authors: Kasani Hadi , Ahmadi Mohammad Taghi , Khoda-Bakhsh Rasoul , Ochbelagh Dariush Rezaei
Published: September 2016

In many research fields and industry such as nuclear physics, notably nuclear technology, fusion plasma diagnostics, radiotherapy and radiation protection, it is very substantial that measure fast neutron spectra. For example in nuclear reactor primary generated neutrons have energies around 2 MeV that lie fast neutron category. Also particle accelerators and Am-Be neutron source raise fast neutrons. Therefore a review of silicon based fast neutron detection with proton recoil methods is surveyed. Furthermore Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with simple and low cost preparation methods with exceptional electrical properties have been used widely in nanoelectronic applications such as radiation sensors. In this chapter, fast neutron detectors using Carbon based semiconductor, back-to-back Schottky diode type, and polyethylene as convertor are developed and the Am-Be fast neutron source is used in experimental measurements.
Impact of Community Engagement in Higher Education
Authors: Huddleston Michelle D.
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of community engagement on college students. It is an exploratory study investigating the attitudes and perceived impact of college students having participated in CE, measuring how effective CE is and how well these goals are met on a college campus. Mainly examined is the relationship between impact and student participation in CE. The amount of connectivity a student feels to the community will play a role in their continued college career. General civic engagement attitudes of respondents are assessed. Online surveys with demographic, Likert scale and open-ended questions are administered to give students the opportunity to put their experiences into their own words. Based on previous research in the area, researchers expect that students will gain employable attributes from their participation in CE during college as well as will report high impact and connectivity to the university and the community.
Experiential Learning, Service Learning, and Engagement in a University ESL Setting
Authors: Fields Michael
Published: September 2016

This chapter examines experiential and service learning in the context of an intensive English program for international graduate students, the goal of which is to foster engagement and cultural integration. The service learning project brings together skills in using English in authentic situations, researching, working as a team, communicating with members of the community they would not otherwise have contact with, presenting their project to their peers, and writing a reflection. Evidence is presented in the form of a description and analysis of the program and project, together with interviews with graduate mentors and excerpts from students' reflective writing. It is shown that the project has positive outcomes in terms of increased engagement and development of skills required for successful graduate study in a North American setting.
Challenges of Practicing and Honing Leadership Skills through Cross-Cultural Service Learning
Authors: Zimmerman Jeff
Published: September 2016

This chapter provides insight into the unexpected cross-cultural challenges faced by service learning project coordinators in an overseas setting. The chapter focuses on a service learning project geared towards undergraduate U.S. leadership students on a 5-week summer study abroad trip to Austria. The instructor sought to utilize the abroad experience to highlight the value of service learning as a medium to benefit the local Austrian community, while furthering the U.S. students' understanding of cross-cultural leadership. Like other individuals in a new host culture (i.e. expatriates), the service learning project coordinator (US instructor) faced a variety of unexpected cross-cultural challenges upon arrival in the host culture (Austria). This chapter highlights some universal cross-cultural challenges (lack of cultural and organizational familiarity, culture shock), why they can be expected, and why they are often difficult to resolve. Potential solutions addressing these challenges in the context of cross-cultural service learning projects are also explored.
Growth Inhibition Effect of Medicinal Herbs Extracts on Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Shao Wen Yao , Pan Xue Shan , Xie Quan Ling , Luo Shi Yi , Liu Xiao Ting
Published: September 2016

With tetracycline and anphotericin as control, using discdiffusion technique to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of extracts from 110 medicinal herbs, investigating their antimicrobial activities. Found that 3 medicinal herbs, Fructus mume, Rhizoma coptidis and Flos caryophyllata have great inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis but no obviously inhibitory effect on Aspergillus oryzae. It is evident that the extracts of Fructus mume, Rhizoma coptidis and Flos caryophyllata have antibacterial activities and are potential preservatives in soy sauce fermentation.
A Sixteen-Year Review of Condition Survey and Analysis of Steel Deck Pavement on Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge
Authors: Ding Jing , Luo Sang
Published: September 2016

To obtain a complete picture of the steel deck pavement condition on Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge, an on-site survey for different pavement structures was conducted to collect information regarding traffic volume and extents of pavement distresses, including gussaphalt pavement, gussasphalt lower plus epoxy asphalt above pavement and double-layer epoxy asphalt pavement. The pavement performance under the combination of heavy truck loading and extreme climate condition was discussed to summarize the technology requirements of orthotropic steel deck pavement. The research findings provide reference for orthotropic steel deck paving worldwide.
Presentation of Cryptic Peptides by MHC Class I Is Enhanced by Inflammatory Stimuli
Authors: Prasad Sharanya , Starck Shelley R. , Shastri Nilabh
Published: September 2016

Cytolytic T cells eliminate infected or cancer cells by recognizing peptides presented by MHC class I molecules on the cell surface. The antigenic peptides are derived primarily from newly synthesized proteins including those produced by cryptic translation mechanisms. Previous studies have shown that cryptic translation can be initiated by distinct mechanisms at non-AUG codons in addition to conventional translation initiated at the canonical AUG start codon. In this study, we show that presentation of endogenously translated cryptic peptides is enhanced by TLR signaling pathways involved in pathogen recognition as well as by infection with different viruses. This enhancement of cryptic peptides was caused by proinflammatory cytokines, secreted in response to microbial infection. Furthermore, blocking these cytokines abrogated the enhancement of cryptic peptide presentation in response to infection. Thus, presentation of cryptic peptides is selectively enhanced during inflammation and infection, which could allow the immune system to detect intracellular pathogens that might otherwise escape detection because of inhibition of conventional host translation mechanisms.
IDO1 and TGF-β Mediate Protective Effects of IFN-α in Antigen-Induced Arthritis
Authors: Chalise Jaya Prakash , Pallotta Maria Teresa , Narendra Sudeep Chenna , Carlsson Björn , Iacono Alberta , Namale Joanitah , Boon Louis , Grohmann Ursula , Magnusson Mattias
Published: September 2016

IFN-α prevents Ag-induced arthritis (AIA), and in this study we investigated the role of IDO1 and TGF-β signaling for this anti-inflammatory property of IFN-α. Arthritis was induced by methylated BSA (mBSA) in mBSA-sensitized wild-type (WT), Ido1−/−, or Ifnar−/− mice, treated or not with IFN-α or the IDO1 product kynurenine (Kyn). Enzymatic IDO1 activity, TGF-β, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) were neutralized by 1-methyltryptophan and Abs against TGF-β and pDC, respectively. IDO1 expression was determined by RT-PCR, Western blot, and FACS, and enzymatic activity by HPLC. Proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation and TGF-β by RT-PCR and ELISA. WT but not Ido1−/− mice were protected from AIA by IFN-α, and Kyn, the main IDO1 product, also prevented AIA, both in WT and Ifnar−/− mice. Protective treatment with IFN-α increased the expression of IDO1 in pDC during AIA, and Ab-mediated depletion of pDC, either during mBSA sensitization or after triggering of arthritis, completely abrogated the protective effect of IFN-α. IFN-α treatment also increased the enzymatic IDO1 activity (Kyn/tryptophan ratio), which in turn activated production of TGF-β. Neutralization of enzymatic IDO1 activity or TGF-β signaling blocked the protective effect of IFN-α against AIA, but only during sensitization and not after triggering of arthritis. Likewise, inhibition of the IDO1 enzymatic activity in the sensitization phase, but not after triggering of arthritis, subdued the IFN-α–induced inhibition of mBSA-induced proliferation. In conclusion, presence of IFN-α at Ag sensitization activates an IDO1/TGF-β–dependent anti-inflammatory program that upon antigenic rechallenge prevents inflammation via pDC.
Signaling and Immunoresolving Actions of Resolvin D1 in Inflamed Human Visceral Adipose Tissue
Authors: Titos Esther , Rius Bibiana , López-Vicario Cristina , Alcaraz-Quiles José , García-Alonso Verónica , Lopategi Aritz , Dalli Jesmond , Lozano Juan José , Arroyo Vicente , Delgado Salvadora , Serhan Charles N. , Clària Joan
Published: September 2016

Persistent activation of the innate immune system greatly influences the risk for developing metabolic complications associated with obesity. In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of the specialized proresolving mediator (SPM) resolvin D1 (RvD1) to actively promote the resolution of inflammation in human visceral adipose tissue from obese (Ob) patients. Using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry–based metabololipidomic analysis, we identified unbalanced production of SPMs (i.e., D- and E-series resolvins, protectin D1, maresin 1, and lipoxins) with respect to inflammatory lipid mediators (i.e., leukotriene B4 and PGs) in omental adipose tissue from Ob patients. In parallel, high-throughput transcriptomic analysis revealed a unique signature in this tissue that was characterized by overactivation of the IL-10 signaling pathway. Incubation of inflamed Ob visceral adipose tissues and human macrophages with RvD1 limited excessive activation of the IL-10 pathway by reducing phosphorylation of STAT proteins. Of interest, RvD1 blocked STAT-1 and its target inflammatory genes (i.e., CXCL9), as well as persistent STAT3 activation, without affecting the IL-10 anti-inflammatory response characterized by inhibition of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α. Furthermore, RvD1 promoted resolution by enhancing expression of the IL-10 target gene heme oxygenase-1 by mechanisms dependent on p38 MAPK activity. Together, our data show that RvD1 can tailor the quantitative and qualitative responses of human inflamed adipose tissue to IL-10 and provide a mechanistic basis for the immunoresolving actions of RvD1 in this tissue. These findings may have potential therapeutic implications in obesity-related insulin resistance and other metabolic complications.
Direct IL-6 Signals Maximize Protective Secondary CD4 T Cell Responses against Influenza
Authors: Strutt Tara M. , McKinstry Karl Kai , Kuang Yi , Finn Caroline M. , Hwang Ji Hae , Dhume Kunal , Sell Stewart , Swain Susan L.
Published: September 2016

Memory T cells can often respond against pathogens that have evaded neutralizing Abs and are thus key to vaccine-induced protection, yet the signals needed to optimize their responses are unclear. In this study, we identify a dramatic and selective requirement for IL-6 to achieve optimal memory CD4 T cell recall following heterosubtypic influenza A virus (IAV) challenge of mice primed previously with wild-type or attenuated IAV strains. Through analysis of endogenous T cell responses and adoptive transfer of IAV-specific memory T cell populations, we find that without IL-6, CD4+, but not CD8+, secondary effector populations expand less and have blunted function and antiviral impact. Early and direct IL-6 signals to memory CD4 T cells are required to program maximal secondary effector responses at the site of infection during heterosubtypic challenge, indicating a novel role for a costimulatory cytokine in recall responses.
Dichotomy between T Cell and B Cell Tolerance to Neonatal Retroviral Infection Permits T Cell Therapy
Authors: Mavrommatis Bettina , Baudino Lucie , Levy Prisca , Merkenschlager Julia , Eksmond Urszula , Donnarumma Tiziano , Young George , Stoye Jonathan , Kassiotis George
Published: September 2016

Elucidation of the immune requirements for control or elimination of retroviral infection remains an important aim. We studied the induction of adaptive immunity to neonatal infection with a murine retrovirus, under conditions leading to immunological tolerance. We found that the absence of either maternal or offspring adaptive immunity permitted efficient vertical transmission of the retrovirus. Maternal immunodeficiency allowed the retrovirus to induce central Th cell tolerance in the infected offspring. In turn, this compromised the offspring’s ability to mount a protective Th cell–dependent B cell response. However, in contrast to T cells, offspring B cells were not centrally tolerized and retained their ability to respond to the infection when provided with T cell help. Thus, escape of retrovirus-specific B cells from deletional tolerance offers the opportunity to induce protective retroviral immunity by restoration of retrovirus-specific T cell help, suggesting similar T cell immunotherapies for persistent viral infections.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 Enhances Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Leukocyte Recruitment to the Vascular Endothelium
Authors: Appleby Sarah L. , Mitrofan Claudia-Gabriela , Crosby Alexi , Hoenderdos Kim , Lodge Katharine , Upton Paul D. , Yates Clara M. , Nash Gerard B. , Chilvers Edwin R. , Morrell Nicholas W.
Published: September 2016

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9 is a circulating growth factor that is part of the TGF-β superfamily and is an essential regulator of vascular endothelial homeostasis. Previous studies have suggested a role for BMP9 signaling in leukocyte recruitment to the endothelium, but the directionality of this effect and underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we report that BMP9 upregulates TLR4 expression in human endothelial cells and that BMP9 pretreatment synergistically increases human neutrophil recruitment to LPS-stimulated human endothelial monolayers in an in vitro flow adhesion assay. BMP9 alone did not induce neutrophil recruitment to the endothelium. We also show that E-selectin and VCAM-1, but not ICAM-1, are upregulated in response to BMP9 in LPS-stimulated human endothelial cells. Small interfering RNA knockdown of activin receptor–like kinase 1 inhibited the BMP9-induced expression of TLR4 and VCAM-1 and inhibited BMP9-induced human neutrophil recruitment to LPS-stimulated human endothelial cells. BMP9 treatment also increased leukocyte recruitment within the pulmonary circulation in a mouse acute endotoxemia model. These results demonstrate that although BMP9 alone does not influence leukocyte recruitment, it primes the vascular endothelium to mount a more intense response when challenged with LPS through an increase in TLR4, E-selectin, and VCAM-1 and ultimately through enhanced leukocyte recruitment.
Fast-tracking authentic leadership development by means of a programme
Authors: Wulffers Tineke , Bussin Mark , Hewitt Magda
Published: September 2016

Orientation: While there is considerable literature on the definition and impact of authentic leadership (AL), there is a research gap regarding the effectiveness of AL programmes.Research purpose: The focus of this article is on the proximal programme effect of an AL development programme on executive leaders within a period of 3 months.Motivation for the study: AL has been identified not only as the root construct of positive forms of leadership but also equates to the highest level of leadership effectiveness. Leadership authenticity can take a life time to develop, and organisations need positive and ethical leadership now. An appropriate AL programme could considerably shorten the development period of a such leadershipResearch design, approach and method: A longitudinal qualitative programme evaluation approach was used. The participants comprised a primary group of a 10-member executive leadership team who were the AL programme participants and their respective secondary (senior, peer and subordinate) participants who provided pre- and post-programme data on the leadership authenticity of the primary participants.Main findings: The outline of the AL programme is presented with an indication of how it adhered to specific guidelines offered for development of such programmes. Findings indicate that the programme had a proximal effect of increasing AL; starting with the development of personal followed by interpersonal and professional leadership.Practical/managerial implications: An appropriate and effective AL programme could thus considerably shorten the development period of such leadership.
Effects of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Benign Breast Lesions Compared to Cancers: Should an Additional Lesion on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Responding Similar to Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy be Viewed with Suspicion?
Authors: Leddy Rebecca , Irshad Abid , Hewett Lara , Collins Heather , Vento Frank , Ackerman Susan , Lewis Madelene
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

Determining the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on benign breast lesions and to evaluate their response in comparison to breast cancers.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis performed on breast cancer patients between 2008 and 2014 to identify patients who had a pre- and post-NAC magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy-proven benign lesions. Pre- and post-NAC size and intensity of enhancement of benign lesions and cancers were measured. Breast glandularity and background enhancement were graded. A 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVAs and Sidak post hoc tests were conducted for multiple comparisons. Paired t-tests were conducted to examine changes over time, and two-tailed P values were reported.

Results:

The effects of NAC in 38 cancers were compared to the effects of NAC in 47 benign lesions in these patients. From pre- to post-NAC, the mean size (cm) of malignant lesions on MRI decreased from 4.09 (±standard deviation [SD] 2.51) to 1.54 (±SD 2.32), (P < 0.001); the mean size (cm) of benign lesions decreased from 0.83 (±SD 0.54 cm) to 0.28 (±SD 0.51), (P < 0.001). Both benign and malignant lesions decreased in size after NAC, the size reduction in malignant lesions was significantly greater than benign lesions. From pre- to post-NAC, the mean lesion enhancement of the malignant lesions (scale 1–4) decreased from 3.43 (±SD 0.80) to 1.02 (±SD 1.34); the mean lesion enhancement of benign lesions decreased from 2.96 (±SD 1.04) to 0.98 (±SD 1.51). For both benign and malignant lesions, there was a significant overall reduction in enhancement after NAC from moderate at pre-NAC to minimal at post-NAC, P < 0.001. There was no overall difference in the enhancement of cancers (mean = 2.22, SD = 0.79) versus benign lesions (mean = 1.97, SD = 1.08), (P = 0.23). There was no significant change in glandularity from pretherapy (mean = 3.11, SD = 0.84) to posttherapy (mean = 3.13, SD = 0.82), P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

Similar to cancers, benign breast lesions also show a significant decrease in size and enhancement after NAC; however, the decrease in size is less compared to cancers.
Januário Godinho. Arquitecto. (1910-1990)
Authors: Sales Fátima
Published: September 2016

Januário Godinho es una figura crucial en la transición de la arquitectura portuguesa, de la tradición de los maestros de los años 20 a la situación marcada por las realizaciones de los arquitectos que inician su actividad en los años 50, inspirándose y teniendo por base los elementos de cada lugar. En el final de los años 50 surgen, en el contexto internacional, las primeras inquietudes que inician el proceso de revisión crítica del Movimiento Moderno. Januário Godinho distanciándose de Le Corbusier, al cual se refería como “excesivamente idealista”, y cuya influencia marcaba la arquitectura de sus colegas de generación: Arménio Losa y Viana de Lima, se aproxima al único maestro, al cual se rindió, F. Ll. Wright. Conoce la arquitectura holandesa, contacta con Dudock y adopta una metodología proyectual próxima al “empirismo” nórdico. También el expresionismo de Mendelsohn y el clasicismo de A. Perret marcaron muchos de sus trabajos. Por otra parte, su arquitectura revela una serie de aproximaciones interculturales no solo de forma visual sino de carácter experimental y estructural. La capacidad de integrar las conquistas de la modernidad y la experiencia de la tradición, el respeto por la naturaleza y por el paisaje, transformándolo en una referencia de gran significado que anticipa, en Portugal, toda la problemática de la arquitectura contemporánea.
Entre el binomio arte/técnica. El cemento y el granito en el paisaje del Duero internacional
Authors: Fernandes Fátima
Published: September 2016

En el año 1953, el cruce de João Archer, Nunes de Almeida y Rogério Ramos, tres personalidades de carácter muy fuerte, con la circunstancia de que el gobierno portugués debe dar respuesta a un programa industrial con necesidades de espacios muy particulares y exigentes, junto con el avance de la técnica y el dominio cada vez mayor del hormigón como sistema constructivo con características muy diferentes de aquellas que ofrecían los empleados hasta entonces en la arquitectura local, provoca el desarrollo de un pensamiento que va a permitir la construcción de tres núcleos urbanos vinculados a la producción de electricidad Picote, Miranda y Bemposta. Aunque el material existente sea inmenso y ofrezca una amplia gama de experiencias de extrema importancia para la situación actual de la disciplina del proyecto arquitectónico, este texto centra su atención en la Capilla de Picote y en los Edificios de Tratamiento del Agua de Miranda y Bemposta, y en la condición que su modernidad establece con la ciudad antigua y con la naturaleza.
Proyecto Evoa. Centro de interpretación ambiental en Samora Correia. Portugal
Authors: Fernandes Fátima , Cannatà Michele
Published: September 2016

El proyecto está ubicado en la Reserva Natural del Estuario del Tajo (RNET) en el territorio de Vila Franca de Xira, un área sensible de elevado interés medioambiental. Una naturaleza en movimiento en la que las acciones del tiempo, del clima y la intervención humana producen un paisaje con una característica de excepción. El paisaje, entre naturaleza y artifício, constituye el producto de una actividad de exploración de la riqueza del terreno durante siglos.
Capilla de S. Antonio en Mogadouro, Portugal
Authors: Fernandes Fátima , Cannatà Michele
Published: September 2016

La Capilla Mortuoria representa, en la imaginación de las personas, independientemente de su credo y religión, el lugar de desdpedida y partida. Un momento de transición del mundo material al mundo espiritual. Una dimensión paralela que permite superar el dolor de la muerte para construir una idea de inmortalidad que pertenece, desde siempre, al hombre. El rito de paso de un mundo a otro precisa de un lugar y de espacio que, en arquitectura adquiere una dimensión especial. El carácter especial de la función que una Capilla Mortuoria alberga, libera la imaginación de las limitaciones físicas para reconducir la relación con el espacio donde las emociones representan el momento más significativo de todo el proceso ritual.
Innovaciones técnicas en el edificio Pan American Life en Bogotá. Caso de estudio
Authors: Villate Matiz Camilo
Published: September 2016

El Edificio Pan American LifeInsurance en Bogotá, es un ejemplo de prácticas de innovación técnica en la década de los sesenta en la industria de la construcción en Colombia. El presente articulo, mediante el desarrollo de su caso de estudio explicativo, busca rescatar dichas prácticas, muchas de ellas totalmente olvidadas e inclusive desconocidas. Mediante el análisis y descripción de las innovaciones detectadas en el caso de estudio, innovaciones que aún hoy resultan ejemplares, se busca ilustrar la importancia de la incorporación de innovación en los procesos constructivos tradicionales
Momentos de creación del proyecto. Cuatro casos de arquitectura contemporánea en Colombia
Authors: Arias Lemos Fernando
Published: September 2016

Este texto se centra en la descripción y explicación de cuatro proyectos contemporáneos construidos en la ciudad de Bogotá, desde la perspectiva que trabaja la Maestría en Arquitectura de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá. En síntesis, la Maestría propone un marco de análisis de proyectos de arquitectura en el que se inscriben y hacen reaccionar los procedimientos proyectuales que dan cuenta de la creación de un proyecto y de su efecto en la construcción de la ciudad.
Cien años de soledad...Comentarios sobre la memoria arquitectónica in situ
Authors: Salazar Valenzuela Maurizio
Published: September 2016

En el siglo XX la arquitectura colombiana fue aislada porque al país se le consideró como un lugar peligroso, y el temor internacional de viajar a éste lugar causó que no se le conociera in situ. Sin embargo se crearon potentes arquitecturas de “el Lugar” y de “lo Público” que en simbiosis con la ‘Memoria’ hicieron que la imagen del país en el siglo XXI cambiara, y con ella la generalización equívoca que el ladrillo impuso. La arquitectura de Rogelio Salmona convirtió éste material en ‘material de pensamiento’ que heredó su esencia al concreto ocre. Y declaró resistencia a las arquitecturas sin Memoria in situ con su arquitectura apropiada a la realidad mágica del país.
Casa Ordoñez. Casa V Sopó. Colombia
Authors: Arquitecto Giancarlo Mazzanti , Arquitecto Felipe Mesa
Published: September 2016

Casa para disfrutar de un jardín nativo y de la vista lejana de un humedal. Municipio de Sopó, en cercanías a Bogotá.

Riesgos
Desplegar la casa a lo largo de la alta inclinación del solar, evitando la presencia volumétrica en favor de una extensión horizontal ramificada. Vincular la configuración molecular deformable del vidrio con la disposición geométrica de la casa.

Geometría
La estructura molecular del vidrio, flexible, deformable y modular definirá la estrategia geométrica de la planta y de las transformaciones que ocurren en el proceso de diseño. Los hechos concretos del solar, y las particularidades de la vida del cliente, serán tensiones y deformaciones en la estructura mencionada.
Institución educativa Flor del Campo. Bolívar, Antioquía. Colombia
Authors: Mazzanti Arquitectos Mazzanti
Published: September 2016

Este proyecto se plantea como la secuencia y relación de cuatro configuraciones a las que llamaremos “anillos”. Cada uno se define por un perímetro de dos niveles con diferentes espesores y un patio vegetal de actividades. En ellos es tan importante el perímetro construido, como el espacio vacío interior y la relación con los demás anillos. Mientras los perímetros construyen una sombra perimetral y acogen el programa “duro” del edificio, los patios se siembran con diversas especies de árboles y vegetación arbustiva tropical y nativa que permiten sugerir las actividades que en ellos se llevarán a cabo: esparcimiento, juegos, deportes, intercambios educativos, etc. La imagen proyectada es la de una arquitectura colorida, sinuosa, liviana y tranquila, que contiene en ella una división transparente que conecta el espacio público exterior con el interior del edificio.
Edificio Enrique Low Murtra. Gimnasio campestre. Bogotá. Colombia
Authors: Felipe González Pacheco Arquitecto
Published: September 2016

El edificio es el primer proyecto de una secuencia de 9 proyectos que completarán el PMGC 2022. Se trata de un edificio nuevo y la intervención del edificio original de aulas del colegio que data de 1949, diseñado por el arquitecto Alberto Bonilla. El edificio nuevo contiene el Centro de Artes y Laboratorios del Colegio en su base y dos volúmenes que contienen las aulas para primaria y bachillerato, el edificio existente contiene los salones de profesores de cada departamento académico y espacios de recepción apoyo y descanso. Es por esto que el edificio se constituye en el corazón académico de la institución como una de las caras que conforma el patio de armas. Su localización utiliza el lugar en dónde estaba La Capilla Santamaría de los Caballeros, construida en 1970, la cual será reemplazada por una capilla nueva, con el mismo nombre, sobre el patio de Armas.
Casa Altazor. Vereda de la Torca. Bogotá. Colombia
Authors: Rogelio Salmona Arquitecto
Published: September 2016

Esta casa está ubicada en una urbanización campestre en la afueras de Bogotá, en un maravilloso lugar a 3.000 m sobre el nivel del mar, sobre un terreno fuertemente inclinado. Fue concebida para ser construida en su totalidad en concreto ocre, lo que exigía un diseño cuidadoso de las formaletas, los empates y la producción de nuevas piezas en concreto para poder dar solución a requerimientos técnicos, como jambas, alfajías, alfardas, etc. que serían necesarias para la buena ejecución de la obra. Una gran rampa recibe al visitante en la parte mas baja y lo invita a acceder en compañía de atarjeas con agua viva hasta llegar al recinto.