bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservation of Insect Diversity: a Habitat Approach
Authors: Hughes Jennifer B. , Daily Gretchen C. , Ehrlich Paul R.
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Neither time nor resources exist to design conservation plans for every species, particularly for little‐studied, noncharismatic, but ecologically important taxa that make up most of biodiversity. To explore the feasibility of basing conservation action on community‐level biogeography, we sampled a montane insect community. We addressed three issues: (1) the appropriate scale for sampling insect communities; (2) the association of habitat specialization—perhaps a measure of extinction vulnerability—with other ecological or physical traits; and (3) the correlation of diversity across major insect groups. Using malaise traps in Gunnison County, Colorado, we captured 8847 Diptera (identified to family and morphospecies), 1822 Hymenoptera (identified to morphospecies), and 2107 other insects (identified to order). We sampled in three habitat types—meadow, aspen, and conifer—defined on the basis of the dominant vegetation at the scale of hundreds of meters. Dipteran communities were clearly differentiated by habitat type rather than geographic proximity. This result also holds true for hymenopteran communities. Body size and feeding habits were associated with habitat specialization at the family level. In particular, habitat generalists at the family level—taxa perhaps more likely to survive anthropogenic habitat alteration—tended to be trophic generalists. Dipteran species richness was marginally correlated with hymenopteran species richness and was significantly correlated with the total number of insect orders sampled by site. Because these correlations result from differences in richness among habitat types, insect taxa may be reasonable surrogates for one another when sampling is done across habitat types. In sum, community‐wide studies appear to offer a practical way to gather information about the diversity and distribution of little‐known taxa.
Conservation in a Region of Political Instability: Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda
Authors: Hamilton A. , Cunningham A. , Byarugaba D. , Kayanja F.
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Bwindi Impenetrable is the most important forest in Uganda for conservation of biodiversity. It contains over half the world's mountain gorillas. It is surrounded by densely populated agricultural land and lies within a region of political instability. Gazetted as a forest reserve in 1932, little forest now remains outside its boundaries. Transformation of nearby communal swampland to farmland, much owned by a few individuals, shows the probable fate of Bwindi if it had not been declared a protected area. Widespread illegal logging and other activities were among reasons why the status of the forest was raised to national park in 1991. This resulted in local resentment, fed by inadequate consultation and concern about the local people's loss of access to resources. Fires were set in the forest and threats made against the gorillas. Three schemes to provide benefits from the existence of the forest to communities and involve them in park management were then instituted: agreements allowing controlled harvesting of resources in the park, receipt of some revenue from tourism, and establishment of a trust fund partly for community development. Tension between people and park has been reduced. This case demonstrates the importance of protected areas and community involvement in such circumstances. Community support is especially critical, as here, when resources available to park managers are limited and political instability endemic.
Migraine Prophylaxis: Prognostic Significance of Clinical Factors
Authors: Sacquegna T. , Baldrati A. , D'Alessandro R. , Carolis P. De , Cortelli P. , Santucci M. , Lugaresi E.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

We conducted a study of migraine patients under prophylactic therapy to analyse the prognostic significance of some clinical parameters at initial examination. Cases with a duration of illness under 10 years, males and greatest frequency of attacks were correlated with a better outcome.

Age at onset and family history of headache had no prognostic value.
Migraine Is Not a Platelet Disorder
Authors: Steiner T.J. , Joseph Rajiv , Rose F. Clifford
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The platelet theory of migraine causation predicts that drugs inhibiting platelet activation will be effective in migraine prevention, but the literature indicates that this is only partly the case. Conversely, therapy achieving clinical benefit should be associated with reduced platelet activity. To test this concept, the β‐adrenergic blockers propranolol (non‐selective), metoprolol (β1‐selective) and Li‐32468 (β2‐selective) were used in migraine therapy with assessments of platelet aggregation and release, plasma thromboxane A2 (measured as thromboxane B2) and clinical response.

Between propranolol and Li‐32468, there was lack of correlation of clinical with platelet effects. Propranolol and metoprolol, whose established efficacy in migraine prophylaxis was reflected here, actually had opposite effects on platelet activity, which was increased with the former and inhibited by the latter. Yet both drugs gave elevated thromboxane B2 levels.

In view of this complete dissociation between drug effects on platelets of migraineurs and symptoms of migraine, the platelet theory of migraine causation is untenable.
Non Drug Treatment for Migraine Headache With Associated Raynaud's Disease
Authors: Giacovazzo M. , Romiti A. , Martelletti P. , Gallo M.F. , Romiti E. luvara , Megale G.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Patients presenting migraine headache associated with Raynaud's disease have been successfully treated in our clinic by using peripheral skin temperature biofeedback (BFB). The diagnosis of primary headache was established in all patients many years before Raynaud's disease appeared.

We selected 15 females for this study. Subjects were taken off all medication and patients' motivation for feedback therapy was ascertained. The time sequence of the peripheral skin temperature BFB sessions was the same as the one commonly followed at the Biofeedback Unit of the University of Rome Headache Service, i.e., two sessions per week in the first month of training, one session per week in the second, and subsequently one session every two weeks for four months, The use of a Headache Rating Scale for clinically evaluating BFB treatment for the relief of migraine attacks produced objective and comparable data suitable for statistical analyses, just as did the results of cold pressor tests studied before and after BFB training for evaluating the Raynaud's disease improvement.
Effect of Withdrawal of Misused Medication on Sleep Disturbances in Migraine Sufferers With Chronic Daily Headache
Authors: Hering‐Hanit Rachel , Yavetz A. , Dagan Y.
Published: August 2010

Objectives.—To evaluate the sleep pattern of migraineurs with chronic daily headache and to determine whether and to what degree it is improved by withdrawal of medication, and to reconfirm relief of headache by withdrawal of medications in migraineurs with chronic daily headache due to medication misuse.

Background.—Misuse of ergotamine and analgesics by migraineurs is one of the causes of chronic daily headache. The latter is alleviated or abolished in these patients by abrupt withdrawal of the misused medication. In common with patients with chronic daily headache, migraineurs frequently complain of insomnia, usually verifiable by polysomnography.

Methods.—Twenty‐six women with migraine, aged 18 to 49 years, with chronic daily headache due to medication misuse, voluntarily discontinued ergotamine and analgesics, and were followed at monthly intervals for 3 months. In 25 subjects, polysomnography was performed before withdrawal of medication and 3 months after withdrawal. All subjects filled out a standard sleep questionnaire on those two occasions and a daily self‐assessment questionnaire focused on headaches.

Results.—After 3 months, a significant decrease in mean headache frequency (P<.001) and intensity (P<.001) was demonstrated. Polysomnography performed 3 months after medication withdrawal showed significant improvement in total sleep time (P<.05), sleep efficiency (P<.05), and number of arousals (P<.001). The score of the sleep questionnaire was also significantly improved (P<.01).

Conclusions.—In migraineurs with chronic daily headache due to medication misuse, withdrawal of the misused medications alleviates the associated sleep disturbance along with diminution in frequency and intensity of chronic daily headache.
Chronic Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Migraine: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Pinessi Lorenzo , Savi Lidia , Pellicano Rinaldo , Rainero Innocenzo , Valfrè Walter , Gentile Salvatore , Cossotto Donatella , Rizzetto Mario , Ponzetto Antonio
Published: August 2010

Objective.—To determine whether chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is a risk factor for migraine.

Background.—Preliminary studies have shown a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with primary headaches.

Methods.—One hundred three consecutive patients with migraine were enrolled in the study and compared with a group of 103 matched controls. Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed by means of both 13C‐urea breath test and serology.

Results.—Of patients with migraine, 30.1% were positive for Helicobacter pylori, compared with 31.1% of controls (P = NS). The odds ratio for migraine associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection was 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 1.80). Demographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics of Helicobacter pylori‐positive migraineurs were compared with those of migrainous patients without infection. Helicobacter pylori‐positive patients had a significantly (P<.05) lower incidence of food sensitivity than Helicobacter pylori‐negative patients. No significant difference was found in any other feature examined.

Conclusions.—Our study suggests that chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is not more frequent in patients with migraine than in controls and that infection does not modify clinical features of the disease.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Rare Presentation of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Sztajzel R. , Coeytaux A. , Dehdashti A.R. , Delavelle J. , Sinnreich M.
Published: August 2010

Because of its large spectrum of clinical manifestations, diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis may be very difficult. Since appropriate treatment influences prognosis, early recognition of this condition is extremely important. We report a subarachnoid hemorrhage as a rare initial manifestation of cerebral venous thrombosis. A 58‐year‐old woman was admitted with severe headache of sudden onset, neck stiffness, dysarthria, and ataxia. Computed tomography scan showed a subarachnoid hemorrhage in the right posterior fossa. Magnetic resonance imaging coupled with magnetic resonance angiography revealed right transverse/sigmoid sinus thrombosis with hemorrhagic infarction of the right cerebellar hemisphere leading to a pseudotumoral appearance and displacing the fourth ventricle. Anticoagulant treatment resulted in rapid clinical recovery and in resolution of the radiological signs of infarction and of the subarachnoid and subdural hemorrhages.
Traumatic Stressors and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Headache Patients
Authors: De Leeuw Reny , Schmidt John E. , Carlson Charles R.
Published: August 2010

Objective.—The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of significant traumatic stressors and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a headache population.

Background.—Several recent publications have emphasized the relationship between life stressors and/or daily hassles and recurrent headaches. However, little is known about the prevalence and impact of major traumatic stressors in patients with recurrent headaches.

Methods.—Eighty patients with either migraine or tension‐type headache completed a PTSD checklist. Data were compared with those from patients with chronic masticatory muscle pain of similar intensity and duration.

Results.—Almost 64% of the headache patients reported one or more major traumatic stressors. This percentage was not significantly different from that of the comparison group, and fell within the broad range reported for exposure to traumatic stressors in epidemiologic studies with nonpatient populations. One out of 6 patients in the total headache sample, and 1 out of 4 of those reporting a traumatic stressor, reported symptoms suggestive of current PTSD. The prevalence of current PTSD‐like symptomatology reported by the headache patients was comparable to that of the comparison group of the present study, but higher than that reported for the general population in the available literature printed in English. Traumatic stressors most often reported were not related to direct physical trauma, but rather associated with loss or serious illness of a loved one.

Conclusion.—Exposure to traumatic events in patients with a primary diagnosis of recurrent headaches is similar to that reported for chronic masticatory muscle pain patients or nonpatient populations. However, symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of current PTSD appear to be more frequent in patients with recurrent headaches than reported in the scientific literature printed in English for nonpatient populations. Screening for PTSD symptomatology is recommended as part of the routine clinical evaluation of headache.
Treatment of Headaches in the ED With Lower Cervical Intramuscular Bupivacaine Injections: A 1‐Year Retrospective Review of 417 Patients
Authors: Mellick Larry B. , McIlrath S. Timothy , Mellick Gary A.
Published: August 2010

Objective.—The primary objective of this retrospective chart review is to describe 1 year's experience of an academic emergency department (ED) in treating a wide spectrum of headache classifications with intramuscular injections of 0.5% bupivacaine bilateral to the spinous process of the lower cervical vertebrae.

Background.—Headache is a common reason that patients present to an ED. While there are a number of effective therapeutic interventions available for the management of headache pain, there clearly remains a need for other treatment options. The intramuscular injection of 1.5 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine bilateral to the sixth or seventh cervical vertebrae has been used to treat headache pain in our facility since July 2002. The clinical setting for the study was an academic ED with an annual volume of over 75,000 patients.

Methods.—We performed a retrospective review of over 2805 ED patients with the discharge diagnosis of headache and over 771 patients who were coded as having had an anesthetic injection between June 30, 2003 and July 1, 2004. All adult patients who had undergone paraspinous intramuscular injection with bupivacaine for the treatment of their headache were gleaned from these 2 larger databases and were included in this retrospective chart review. A systematic review of the medical records was accomplished for these patients.

Results.—Lower cervical paraspinous intramuscular injections with bupivacaine were performed in 417 patients. Complete headache relief occurred in 271 (65.1%) and partial headache relief in 85 patients (20.4%). No significant relief was reported in 57 patients (13.7%) and headache worsening was described in 4 patients (1%). Overall a therapeutic response was reported in 356 of 417 patients (85.4%). Headache relief was typically rapid with many patients reporting complete headache relief in 5 to 10 minutes. Associated signs and symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, and allodynia were also commonly relieved.

Conclusion.—Our observations suggest that the intramuscular injection of small amounts of 0.5% bupivacaine bilateral to the sixth or seventh cervical spinous process appears to be an effective therapeutic intervention for the treatment of headache pain in the outpatient setting.
Pharmacological Approaches to Managing Migraine and Associated Comorbidities—Clinical Considerations for Monotherapy Versus Polytherapy
Authors: Silberstein Stephen D. , Dodick David , Freitag Fred , Pearlman Starr H. , Hahn Steven R. , Scher Ann I. , Lipton Richard B.
Published: August 2010

Comorbidity is defined as an illness that occurs more frequently in association with a specific disorder than would be found as a coincidental association in the general population. Conditions that are frequently comorbid with migraine include depression, anxiety, stroke, epilepsy, sleep disorders, and other pain disorders. In addition, many common illnesses occur concomitantly (at the same time) with migraine and influence the treatment choice. Migraine management, and especially migraine prevention, can be challenging when patients have comorbid or concomitant illnesses. The objectives of this initiative are to review the literature on managing patients who have migraine and common comorbidities, present additional clinical approaches for care of these difficult patients, and evaluate the areas in which research is needed to establish evidence‐based guidelines for the management of migraine with associated comorbid conditions.
Acute and Interictal Allodynia in Patients With Different Headache Forms: An Italian Pilot Study
Authors: Lovati Carlo , D'Amico Domenico , Bertora Pierluigi , Rosa Silvia , Suardelli Massimo , Mailland Enrico , Mariani Claudio , Bussone Genaro
Published: August 2010

Objective.— To investigate allodynia in patients with different primary headaches.

Background.— Many migraineurs have allodynia during headache attacks; some may have allodynia outside attacks; allodynia may also be associated with other primary headaches.

Methods.— A total of 260 consecutive primary headache patients presenting for the first time at a headache center, and 23 nonheadache controls answered written questions (subsequently repeated verbally) to determine the presence of acute and interictal allodynia.

Results.— We divided the patients into: episodic migraine (N = 177), subdivided into only migraine without aura (N = 114) and those sometimes or always reporting migraine with aura (N = 63); episodic tension‐type headache (N = 28); chronic headaches (headache ≥15 days/month, N = 52), including chronic migraine, chronic tension‐type headache, and medication‐overuse headache; and other headache forms (N = 3). Acute allodynia was present in 132 (50.7%), significantly more often in patients sometimes or always suffering migraine with aura, and those with chronic headache forms, compared to patients with migraine without aura and episodic tension‐type headache. Interictal allodynia was present in 63 (24.2%) patients, with significantly higher frequency in those having migraine with aura attacks than controls and common migraine patients.

Conclusions.— Allodynia is not specific to migraine but is frequent in all headache patients: acute allodynia was reported in half those interviewed and in over a third of patients in each headache category; interictal allodynia was reported by nearly 25%.
Transverse Sinus Thrombosis Presenting With Acute Hydrocephalus: A Case Report
Authors: Stavrinou Lampis C. , Stranjalis George , Bouras Triantafyllos , Sakas Damianos E.
Published: August 2010

We report on a 32‐year‐old woman who presented with headache of a 10‐day duration, due to acute hydrocephalus. This was a result of a tumefactive lesion of the posterior fossa, which was later proven to be a cerebellar venous infarct caused by unilateral transverse sinus thrombosis. Cerebral dural sinus thrombosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of new onset of headache.
Ropinirole, a Non‐Ergoline Dopamine Agonist
Authors: Jost Wolfgang H. , Angersbach Dieter
Published: August 2010

Dopamine agonists have become indispensable in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In every‐day practice, however, the decision to select the best compound for an individual patient is rendered difficult because of the large number of substances available on the market. This review article provides a closer look at the experimental and clinical studies with ropinirole published so far.

Ropinirole is a non‐ergoline dopamine agonist which has been proven to be effective in both, monotherapy and combination therapy of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. In addition to ameliorating bradykinesia, rigor, and tremor, ropinirole facilitates the daily life and improves depressive moods of patients with Parkinson's disease. The long‐term complications of levodopa are avoided, and problems commonly associated with levodopa treatment are reduced. Ropinirole appears to have a neuroprotective effect. In addition to Parkinson's disease, ropinirole has also been used successfully in the treatment of restless legs syndrome.
Blood group genotyping by high‐throughput DNA analysis applied to 356 reagent red blood cell samples
Authors: Kappler‐Gratias Sandrine , Peyrard Thierry , Beolet Marylise , Amiranoff Denise , Menanteau Cécile , Dubeaux Isabelle , Rouger Philippe , Cartron Jean‐Pierre , Pennec Pierre‐Yves Le , Pham Bach‐Nga
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: DNA analysis for the prediction of blood group antigen expression has broad implications in transfusion medicine. It may be of particular interest especially to detect variants, when antigen expression is weak or altered. The use of high‐throughput DNA analysis has never been applied to donors whose red blood cells (RBCs) are selected for reagent RBCs. The aim of this study was to analyze the concordance between the serologic phenotype and that predicted from DNA analysis in panel donors, to determine the benefit of the use of DNA analysis in reagent RBC selection strategy.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The “Panel National de Référence du Centre National de Référence sur les Groupes Sanguins” is a reference reagent mainly used for antibody identification. DNA genotyping of 356 panel donors was performed with BeadChips (human erythrocyte antigen v1.2 BeadChips, BioArray Solutions). The comparison between serologic phenotype and that predicted from DNA analysis held on 8876 paired results obtained from 10 blood group systems and 25 antigens.

RESULTS: A 99.95% concordance was observed. Discrepancies in four cases (RH, KEL, LU, and DO systems) were analyzed. Genotyping precisions on the Duffy system were of particular interest. No new rare blood group was observed.

CONCLUSION: Systematic DNA analysis of panel donors should unquestionably change the management of reagent RBC selection. The notion of “antigens in double dose” should evolve regarding data obtained from DNA analysis, allowing an improved quality of reagent RBCs for antibody screening and identification.
Explaining Free Trade: Mexico, 1985–1988
Authors: Cronin Patrick
Published: August 2010

This study examines Mexico's unilateral trade liberalization experience from 1985 to 1988. It traces the origins of policy change to officials in the Central Bank, who took advantage of periodic economic crises to pursue their agenda. Opposing them were bureaucrats tied to an industrial sector that also objected to substantial trade liberalization. Mexico's institutional structures influenced the balance of bargaining power as reform supporters and opponents bitterly fought to define the scope, depth, and timing of the implementation process. Successful implementation led to the emergence of business interests in favor of free trade—interests that would provide crucial backing for the North American Free Trade Agreement.
Making Sense of Suffrage Expansion and Electoral Institutions in Latin America: A Comment on Colomer's “Tiger”
Authors: Valenzuela J. Samuel
Published: August 2010

In his article “Taming the Tiger: Voting Rights and Political Instability in Latin America,” Josep Colomer proposes to go beyond the “singlecountry stories… typical… of the existing historiography” on Latin American elections and politics and to develop instead “an explicitly comparative, theory-driven analysis, which is more characteristic of the social sciences literature.” I am all for such comparative analysis, although I would guard myself from belittling the achievements of historians who have examined national experiences in painstaking detail or the merit of a highly analytical comparative history such as that presented in Eduardo Posada-Carbó’s recent work (2000). But theory-driven comparative analysis is difficult to do well. One has to know the historical experiences one is comparing very thoroughly, and one has to know how to develop the concepts that will build the theoretical argument in a dialogue with the evidence. The result should be to provide a better understanding of the evidence in ways that even those who know the histories well will find both useful and illuminating.
Frictional hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis responding to Grenz ray therapy
Authors: Walling Hobart W. , Swick Brian L. , Storrs Francis J. , Boddicker Marc E.
Published: August 2010

Frictional hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis (FHHD) is an unusual form of chronic eczema relating to repeated frictional trauma. This form of hand eczema is often occupationally related and recalcitrant to therapy. We describe the case of FHHD in a 48‐year‐old dermatologic surgeon. The eruption was resistant to all topical and protective modalities, but responded completely to 6 sessions of Grenz ray treatment. No recurrence has been noted for over 4 years since completion of therapy. We suggest that Grenz ray treatment is a safe and effective option in treating this form of chronic hand dermatitis.
Positive patch test reactions to gentamicin show sensitization to aminoglycosides from topical therapies, bone cements, and from systemic medication
Authors: Liippo Jussi , Lammintausta Kaija
Published: August 2010

Background:  A history of prolonged use of topical antimicrobials is common among patients with positive patch test reactions to gentamicin and to aminoglycosides.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to show sources of gentamicin sensitization in patients with positive patch test reactions to gentamicin.

Patients and methods:  About 7814 patients were patch tested with a baseline patch test series and 620 of them were further tested with gentamicin. The clinical histories, concurrent contact sensitivities, and sources of sensitization are analysed among these patients.

Results:  Positive patch test reactions to gentamicin were seen in 29/620 patients, most of whom (18/29) also reacted to neomycin and to kanamycin (7/29). Mean age of the gentamicin‐positive patients was 62 years, but three young operating room nurses with hand dermatitis had a history of gentamicin exposure from bone cement. Among the 11/29 neomycin‐negative patients, a history of exposure to different aminoglycosides was apparent, and one patient had a history of systemic netilmicin‐medication‐associated exanthema.

Conclusions:  Positive patch test reactions to gentamicin reflect sensitization to different aminoglycosides for which gentamicin seems to represent a sensitive indicator. Gentamicin sensitization may result from occupational exposure to gentamicin containing bone cements or from systemic medication with aminoglycosides.
Can simultaneous contact allergies to phenyl glycidyl ether and epoxy resins of the bisphenol A/F‐types be explained by contamination of the epoxy resins?
Authors: Pontén Ann , Zimerson Erik , Bruze Magnus
Published: August 2010

Background:  Simultaneous contact allergies to epoxy resins based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA‐R) or epoxy resins of the bisphenol F‐type and the reactive diluent phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) have been reported. The reason might be cross‐reactivity, exposure to an epoxy resin system with PGE as a component, or contamination by PGE in the epoxy resin.

Aims:  To study contamination by PGE, 20 commercial epoxy resins were analysed for the presence of PGE. To study contact allergy to PGE and its relation to epoxy resins by inserting PGE in the standard series.

Results:  Among 2227 patients, 7 reacted to PGE. Of 23 (30%) patients, 7 with contact allergy to DGEBA‐R and 7/19 (37%) with contact allergy to an epoxy resin of the bisphenol F‐type reacted to PGE. All 7 patients with contact allergy to PGE reacted both to the DGEBA‐R and to the epoxy resin of the bisphenol F‐type. PGE was found in 90% of the investigated resins. The amounts of PGE ranged between 0.004% w/w and 0.18% w/w.

Conclusion:  Most probably, the presence of PGE as a contaminant in epoxy resins is of minor importance for the sensitization, but possibly the contamination of PGE might elicit contact dermatitis in individuals with a high reactivity to PGE.
Analysis of allergens in metalworking fluids
Authors: Henriks‐Eckerman Maj‐Len , Suuronen Katri , Jolanki Riitta
Published: August 2010

Background:  Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are well‐known causes of occupational contact dermatitis in machinists.

Objective:  To gain information about skin sensitizers in MWFs and to compare it with the information in safety data sheets (SDSs).

Methods:  A total of 17 samples of MWF concentrates were analysed for skin sensitizers known or suspected to be used in MWF. Alkanolamines, formaldehyde, isothiazolinones, methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN), and iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) were separated by liquid chromatography. Resin acids of colophonium (colophony) were separated by gas chromatography. The substances were identified with mass spectrometric detection and ultraviolet detection.

Results:  Of the MWFs, 15 contained 6–39% of alkanolamines, mostly monoethanolamine and triethanolamine. Formaldehyde was detected in all MWFs: the concentrations of total formaldehyde ranged between 0.002% and 1.3%. Benzisothiazolinone and octylisothiazolinone were detected in one fluid each. IPBC was detected in nine MWFs, and the highest concentration was 0.09%. Methylisothiazolinone and MDBGN were not detected in any of the fluids. Resin acids of colophonium were detected in seven MWFs in concentrations ranging from 0.41% to 3.8%. On the whole, the allergens analysed were poorly declared in the SDSs.

Conclusions:  The content of total formaldehyde was not declared in any SDS. IPBC, a relatively new allergen, seems to be common in MWFs. Isothiazolinones may be relevant allergens of machinists, and they should be analysed in MWFs in case other sources are not identified. The occupational relevance of positive patch test results to MWF ingredients in machinists is difficult to determine if information in the SDSs is relied upon.
Paraffin section immunohistochemistry as an adjunct to morphologic analysis in the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates*
Authors: Ritter Jon H. , Adesokan Paula N. , Fitzgibbon James F. , Wick Mark R.
Published: August 2010

In the skin, separation of selected lymphomas from lymphoid hyperplasia can be challenging. The authors examined 45 cutaneous lymphomas, excluding mycosis fungoides (26 small lymphocytic or mixed tumors; 19 large‐cell lymphomas), 10 “atypical” lesions, and 40 lesions of presumed lymphoid hyperplasia, comparing morphologic attributes of such proliferations with their immunophenotypes in paraffin sections. The object of this study was to determine whether immunologic data obtained from routinely‐processed specimens could be used to further objectify morphologic interpretations. Features favoring lymphonia included a lesional epicenter in the lower clermis or subcutis; poor circumscription of lymphoid aggregates; and dissection of lymphoid cells between collagen bundles. Immunostains included antibodies to CD20, CD43, CD45, CD45RO, CD45RA, CD68, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and MB2. Eleven of 26 small lymphocytic or mixed‐cell lymphomas and 3 of 10 “atypical” cases demonstrated an abnormal immunophenotype, including co‐expression of CD43 and CD20 or non‐physiological CD45RA distribution. In contrast, none of 40 cases with benign features manifested aberrant antigen expression. Thirty‐one of 37 cases in which 75% of the cells typed as B lymphocytes showed malignant morphologic features, 5 were “atypical” and possibly lymphomatous, and only one had benign features. PCNA stains showed greater positivity of the lymphoid nuclei in Lymphomas, and a labeling index of <30% was correlated with malignancy in this context. These observations indicate that immunostaining may provide useful adjunctive information in distinguishing benign from malignant cutaneous lymphoid proliferations in paraffin sections.

Ritter JH, Adesokan PN, Fitzgibbons JF, Wick MR. Paraffin section immunohistochemistry as an adjunct to morphologic analysis in the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates.
Cell‐type related and spatial variation in the expression of integrins in cutaneous tumors
Authors: Tuominen Hannu , Junttila Taina , Karvonen Jaakko , Kallioinen Matti
Published: August 2010

Integrins constitute a group of transmembrane proteins which mediate cell‐cell and cell‐matrix interactions. Previous studies have shown both increased and decreased expression of integrins in relation to malignancy and invasion. In the present study, we investigated integrin distribution in cutaneous tumors by using monoclonal antibodies on frozen tissue sections. Antibodies to integrin subunits αv, α3, α4, α5, α6, β1 and β3 were used. The study was designed to explore (i) the association between integrin expression and the tumor type, and (ii) the effect on the integrin expression of the location of the tumor, i.e. whether it grows intraepidermally or within various compartments of the dermis (papillary or reticular). (β1, β3 and α3 were strongly or moderately expressed in the epithelial and stromal cells of basal cell carcinomas (BCC), seborrheic keratoses, solar keratoses, dermatofibromas (DF), and showed a variable expression in the nevic cells of benign and dysplas‐tic nevocellular nevi. αv and in α5 appeared strongly expressed in the stromal cells of BCC and DF, while only a focal, often weak staining was seen in nevic cells and in the epithelial cells of BCCs. In some nevocellular nevi, they were only expressed, together with α4, in the deep‐seated nevic cells in the reticular dermis. aL6 was expressed by minor cells of BCCs and nevocellular nevi only within the dermo‐epidermal junction. In seborrheic keratosis and solar keratosis a basement membrane‐associated staining pattern for α6 was seen in the basal cell layer, with focal discontinuities in solar keratosis. In conclusion, the results indicate a wide expression of various types of integrins in cutaneous tumors. The expression is distinctly tumor‐type and cell‐type dependent but is also influenced e.g. by the depth of the stromal infiltration in BCC (α6) and in nevocellular tumors (αv, 4, 5, 6, β3), probably reflecting adaptation to the variable microenvironmental influences.

Tuominen H, Junttila T, Karvonen J, Kallioinen M. Cell‐type related and spatial variation in the expression of integrins in cutaneous tumors.
The expression of microRNA‐203 during human skin morphogenesis
Authors: Wei Tianling , Orfanidis Kyriakos , Xu Ning , Janson Peter , Ståhle Mona , Pivarcsi Andor , Sonkoly Enikö
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as: The expression of microRNA‐203 during human skin morphogenesis. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 854–856.

Abstract:  MicroRNAs are small, non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post‐transcriptionally and play important roles in various biological processes. We previously identified miR‐203 as a skin‐ and keratinocyte‐specific microRNA. Moreover, miR‐203 has been implicated in repressing ‘stemness’ in epidermal progenitors. Here, we investigate the expression of miR‐203 and two of its targets, p63 and suppressor of cytokine signalling‐3, during human skin morphogenesis. MiR‐203 in situ hybridization was performed on sections of human foetal skin ranging from 14 to 22 weeks’ gestation and adult skin. MiR‐203 was barely detectable at 14 weeks. Its expression became prominent from week 17 and was most pronounced in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis, while p63 and SOCS‐3 were preferentially expressed in the basal layer. Differentiation markers such as involucrin and filaggrin were expressed mainly in the suprabasal layers of epidermis, similar to miR‐203. Our results support the involvement of miR‐203 in skin morphogenesis.
Diagnostic value and prognostic significance of plasmatic proteasome level in patients with melanoma
Authors: Henry Laurent , Lavabre‐Bertrand Thierry , Douche Thibaut , Uttenweiler‐Joseph Sandrine , Fabbro‐Peray Pascale , Monsarrat Bernard , Martinez Jean , Meunier Laurent , Stoebner Pierre‐Emmanuel
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  Plasmatic proteasome (p‐proteasome) also called circulating proteasome has recently been described as a tumor marker. We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic accuracies of p‐proteasome levels in a melanoma population classified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. Using an ELISA test, we measured p‐proteasome levels in 90 patients and 40 controls between March 2003 and March 2008. The subunit composition of p‐proteasomes was determined in metastatic melanoma by proteomic analysis. The mean p‐proteasome levels were correlated with stages (P < 0.0001; rS = 0.664). They were significantly higher in patients with stage IV and stage III with lymph node metastasis (9187 ± 1294 and 5091 ± 454 ng/ml, respectively) compared to controls (2535 ± 187 ng/ml; P < 0.001), to stage I/II (2864 ± 166 ng/ml; P < 0.001) and to stage III after curative lymphadenectomy (2859 ± 271 ng/ml; P < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of p‐proteasome was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. With a cut‐off of 4300 ng/ml, diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of p‐proteasome for regional or visceral metastases were respectively 96.3% and 72.2%. In univariate analysis, high p‐proteasome levels (>4300 ng/ml) were significantly correlated with an increased risk of progression [hazard ratio (HR) = 7.34; 95% CI 3.54–15.21, P < 0.0001] and a risk of death (HR = 5.92; 95% CI 2.84–12.33, P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, high p‐proteasome levels were correlated with a poorer clinical outcome in the subgroup analysis limited to patients with disease stages I, II and III. Proteomic analysis confirmed the presence of all proteasome and immunoproteasome subunits. Taken together, these results indicate that p‐proteasomes are a new marker for metastatic dissemination in patients with melanoma.
Ultrastructure of oral leukoplakia and lichen planus. I. Basal region and inflammatory cells
Authors: Jungell P. , Malmstrom M. , Wartiovaara J. , Konttinen Y. , Sane J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract— Nine cases of homogenous leukoplakia and 21 cases of lichen planus (11 reticular and 10 erosive) were studied under the electron microscope. The changes found in leukoplakia were limited to occasional breaks in the basal lamina and modest changes in the cytoplasm of the basal cells. The basal lamina in lichen planus was found to exhibit 3 distinctly different pictures reflecting the clinical types of lichen planus. The structural abnormalities in the basal cells increased with increasing severity of the lesions. The inflammatory infiltrate in lichen planus was found to contain mainly small‐to‐medium‐sized lymphocytes but plasma‐cells with widely dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum containing a granular substance were frequently seen. Similar changes are seen in other disorders and, therefore, specific diagnostic criteria cannot be established on the basis of the present material.
Potential applications of anti‐keratin antibodies in oral diagnosis
Authors: Morgan P. R. , Shirlaw P. J. , Johnson N. W. , Leigh I. M. , Lane E. B.
Published: August 2010

Recent progress in understanding the biology of keratins together with the development of monoclonal antibodies to individual keratin proteins provide the foundation for studying keratin expression in normal and pathological oral epithelia. Areas of oral pathology in which the examination of epithelial keratin profiles may yield information of potential diagnostic value are discussed. Examples of altered keratin expression in epithelial dysplasia, oral cancer and odontogenic cysts and tumours are presented. Immunocytochemical demonstration of individual keratins can clarify the composition of complex epithelia and may help to establish epithelial lineage or indicate progression changes in tumours. Some problems in the application and interpretation of keratin immunocytochemistry are also considered.
Multiple myeloma: a study of 10 cases
Authors: Raubenheimer E. J. , Dauth J. , van Wilpe E.
Published: August 2010

Raubenheimer EJ, Dauth J, Van Wilpe E. Multiple myeloma: a study of 10 cases. J Oral Pathol 1987: 16: 383–388.

The clinical, radiographical, biochemical, microscopical and ultrastructural features of 10 cases of multiple myeloma were studied. The skull and jaw regions were frequently involved by the disease and although the diagnosis remains multidisciplinary, microscopical parameters differentiating a myelomatous bone marrow infiltrate from a reactive plasmacytosis are discussed. Biochemical and microscopical factors influencing the prognosis are highlighted and significant ultrastructural findings include erythrophagocytosis, cytoplasmic nuclear asynchrony of plasmablasts and intranuclear viral like inclusions.
Salivary peroxidase: an important part of our defense against oxygen toxicity
Authors: Carlsson J.
Published: August 2010

Carlsson J. Salivary peroxidase: an important part of our defense against oxygen toxicity. J Oral Pathol 1987: 16: 412–416.

All living cells convert dioxygen (O2) into the toxic intermediates of oxygen reduction: superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. The defense against these intermediates works on three levels: 1) the formation of the intermediates is prevented; 2) the intermediates are scavenged; 3) the damaged sites are repaired. Various parts of this defense are found intracellular^, in tissue fluid, in blood plasma and in the external secretions. In the mouth there is a special need for defense against hydrogen peroxide, because hydrogen peroxide is not only formed by bacteria colonizing the mucous membranes but also by the cells of the salivary glands. In saliva the most important part of this defense is salivary peroxidase, which detoxifies hydrogen peroxide in the presence of thiocyanate by converting it into hypothiocyanite, dioxygen and water. In addition, hypothiocyanite stops hydrogen peroxide production by the oral bacteria.
Interactions between peroxide and salivary glycoprotein: protection by peroxidase
Authors: Ericsno T. , Bratt P.
Published: August 2010

Ericson T, Bratt P. Interactions between peroxide and salivary glycoprotein: protection by peroxidase. J Oral Pathol 1987: 16: 421–424.

The effect of ascorbic acid oxidation and of peroxide on salivary glycoproteins has been studied. No signs of depolymerization of the glycoproteins were observed as a result of treatment of whole saliva or the isolated glycoprotein fraction from human saliva with an ascorbic acid, hydrogen peroxide and cupric ion combination. Sialic acid was analyzed with two methods which gave different chromagens of the acid. The conclusion could be drawn from the results that the effect of ascorbic acid oxidation was a decarboxylation of sialic acid in salivary glycoproteins. This also destroys the bacteria‐agglutinating activity of saliva. Full protection of the agglutinin activity is given by salivary peroxidase. It is suggested that one role of peroxidases in saliva is to protect biologically active proteins from the action of oxygen or its radicals.
TGF‐β1 influences early gingival wound healing in rats: an immunohistochemical evaluation of stromal remodelling by extracellular matrix molecules and PCNA
Authors: Okuda Kazuhiro , Murata Masashi , Sugimoto Megumi , Saito Yoshinori , Kabasawa Yumi , Yoshie Hiromasa , Saku Takashi , Hara Kohji
Published: August 2010

The effect of topically applied transforming growth factor β1 (TGF ‐ β1) on the rat gingival wound healing process after flap surgery was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for extracellular matrix molecules (ECM), such as tenascin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and type IV collagen, and for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in fibroblasts. TGF‐β1 solution was applied to the surgical wound experimental sites. Two μg/μl were applied at the time of the operation, and 1 μg/μl at days 1 and 2 after surgery, with contralateral control sites receiving the vehicle alone. Periodontal tissues were histologically examined at 3 and 7 days post‐surgery. Tenascin was found to be more strongly stained in the granulation tissue from experimental sites at 3 days post‐surgery. At 7 days post‐surgery, HSPG‐positive areas in granulation tissue had become smaller and there was a prominent proliferation of PCNA‐positive fibroblast‐like cells and type IV collagen‐positive blood vessels. These results suggest that TGF‐β1 applied to surgical wounds influences early proliferation of gingival fibroblast‐like cells, the formation of blood vessels, and ECM remodelling. In conclusion, TGF‐β1 application appears to promote granulation tissue formation in periodontal wound healing.
Oncocytic carcinoma of the submandibular gland: a case report and literature review
Authors: Nakada Michihiro , Nishizaki Kazunori , Akagi Hirofumi , Masuda Yu , Yoshino Tadashi
Published: August 2010

Oncocytes are characterized by a remarkable number of mitochondria as demonstrated by electron microscopy. Oncocytomas are very rare tumors that are usually benign and typically occur in the parotid gland. Oncocytic carcinomas are exceedingly rare in the salivary glands. We describe a 69‐year‐old Japanese man with an oncocytic carcinoma of the submandibular gland. We reviewed 38 articles describing oncocytic carcinoma of the head and neck that included clinicopathologic features. Oncocytic carcinomas appear to arise from benign oncocytomas, or may also arise de novo. In oncocytic carcinoma of the head and neck, the presence of distant, rather than local lymph node, metastasis is the most important prognostic indicator.
Multiple calcifying hyperplastic dental follicles
Authors: Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Silva Edgard Carvalho , Silva‐Filho Edgard Carvalho , Castro Wagner Henriques
Published: August 2010

Multiple calcifying hyperplastyic dental follicles is a rare condition characterized by multiple unerupted teeth with abundant calcifications and rests of odontogenic epithelium in their enlarged dental follicles. This article describes an additional example of this condition.
Expression of p21 (Waf1/Cip1) in head and neck cancer in relation to proliferation, differentiation, p53 status and cyclin D1 expression
Authors: van Oijen M. G. C. T. , Tilanus M. G. J. , Medema R. H. , Slootweg P. J.
Published: August 2010

p21 (Waf1/Cip1) is a critical downstream effector in the p53‐dependent pathway of growth control and causes growth arrest through inhibition of cyclin‐dependent kinases. In this study 67% of 43 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and 60% of 15 tumour‐adjacent oral dysplasias overexpressed p21 by immunohistochemical staining. Overexpression of p21 in HNSCC was independent of the presence of functional p53, as assessed by analysis of mutations and loss of heterozygosity and by immunohistochemistry. Rather, the expression pattern of p21 was associated with differentiation. Furthermore, in most tumours, the p21 positive cells did not incorporate bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), which indicates inhibition of proliferation by p21 in these cells. In some tumours, p21 was also expressed in proliferating cells. In these latter tumour cells, cyclin D1 was frequently expressed as well. Therefore, we suggest that expression of cyclin D1 might overcome the inhibitory effect of p21 in these cells.