bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and associations with cardiometabolic risk in Inuit, Africans and Europeans: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rønn Pernille Falberg , Andersen Gregers Stig , Lauritzen Torsten , Christensen Dirk Lund , Aadahl Mette , Carstensen Bendix , Grarup Niels , Jørgensen Marit Eika
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Abdominal fat has been identified as a risk marker of cardiometabolic disease independent of overall adiposity. However, it is not clear whether there are ethnic disparities in this risk. We investigated the associations of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with cardiometabolic risk factors in three ethnic diverse populations of Inuit, Africans and Europeans.

Design

Cross-sectional pooled study.

Setting

Greenland, Kenya and Denmark.

Methods

A total of 5113 participants (2933 Inuit, 1397 Africans and 783 Europeans) from three studies in Greenland, Kenya and Denmark were included. Measurements included abdominal fat distribution assessed by ultrasound, oral glucose tolerance test, hepatic insulin resistance, blood pressure and lipids. The associations were analysed using multiple linear regressions.

Results

Across ethnic group and gender, an increase in VAT of 1 SD was associated with higher levels of hepatic insulin resistance (ranging from 14% to 28%), triglycerides (8% to 16%) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, −1.0 to −0.05 mmol/L) independent of body mass index. VAT showed positive associations with most of the other cardiometabolic risk factors in Inuit and Europeans, but not in Africans. In contrast, SAT was mainly associated with the outcomes in Inuit and Africans. Of notice was that higher SAT was associated with higher HDL-C in African men (0.11 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.18) and with lower HDL-C in Inuit (−0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.12 to –0.02), but not in European men (−0.02 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.09 to 0.05). Generally weaker associations were observed for women. Furthermore, the absolute levels of several of the cardiometabolic outcomes differed between the ethnic groups.

Conclusions

VAT and SAT were associated with several of the cardiometabolic risk factors beyond overall adiposity. Some of these associations were specific to ethnicity, suggesting that ethnicity plays a role in the pathway from abdominal fat to selected cardiometabolic risk factors.
Protocol for a systematic review on tertiary prevention interventions for patients with stroke in African countries
Authors: Kroeber Eric Sven , Adam Lucas , Addissie Adamu , Bauer Alexander , Frese Thomas , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna , Unverzagt Susanne
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Stroke is one of the common causes of mortality, morbidity and years of life lost worldwide. Baseline research on stroke epidemiology, prevention, acute and rehabilitative interventions in Africa is necessary to approach specific contexts and regional circumstances. Most studies on stroke have been conducted in high-income countries. This protocol describes the methodology to summarise the best available evidence on tertiary preventive strategies like rehabilitation interventions for patients with stroke in African contexts.

Methods and analysis

We will include experimental studies and prospective cohort studies conducted in African countries. A protocol has been registered in PROSPERO. Systematic search will include eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Cab-Direct, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), African Journals Online and African Index Medicus) and the International Clinical Trials Register Platform and base on predefined search terms. We will search from inception of each database and repeat this strategy 3 months prior to review submission. Details of all eligible studies will be extracted and risk of bias for outcomes on global disability or dependence in daily living will be assessed. Main aim of this systematic review is to provide a narrative description of evidence on tertiary prevention strategies (including rehabilitation) for stroke. This description will be visualised in structured tables to aid interpretation of study characteristics, intervention effects and certainty of the evidence.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval is necessary. Results will be presented in national and international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020159125.
Non-pharmacological interventions to improve the patient experience of colonoscopy under moderate or no sedation: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Sue-Chue-Lam Colin , Castelo Matthew , Tinmouth Jill , Llovet Diego , Kishibe Teruko , Baxter Nancy N
Published: September 2020

Introduction

The patient experience is a critical dimension of colonoscopy quality. Sedative and analgesic drugs are commonly used to improve the patient experience of colonoscopy, with predominant regimens being deep sedation, typically achieved with propofol, and moderate sedation, typically achieved with an opioid and a benzodiazepine. However, non-pharmacological interventions exist that may be used to improve patient experience. Furthermore, by identifying non-pharmacological interventions to increase the quality of patient experience under moderate sedation, jurisdictions facing rising use of deep sedation for colonoscopy and its significant associated costs may be better able to encourage patients and clinicians to adopt moderate sedation. Advancing either of these aims requires synthesising the evidence and raising awareness around these non-pharmacological interventions to improve the patient experience of colonoscopy.

Methods and analysis

A systematic review will be conducted that searches multiple electronic databases from inception until 2020 to identify randomised controlled trials evaluating what, if any, non-pharmacological interventions are effective compared with placebo or usual care for improving the patient experience of routine colonoscopy under moderate or no sedation. Two reviewers will independently perform a three-stage screening process and extract all study data using piloted forms. Study quality will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool V.2.0. Where multiple studies evaluate a single intervention, evidence will be quantitatively synthesised using pairwise meta-analysis, otherwise narrative syntheses will be undertaken.

Ethics and dissemination

This is a review of existing literature not requiring ethics approval. The review findings will be included in future efforts to develop an implementation strategy to reduce the use of deep sedation for routine colonoscopy. They will also be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences and contribute to a doctoral thesis.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020173906.
Currently prescribed drugs in the UK that could upregulate or downregulate ACE2 in COVID-19 disease: a systematic review
Authors: Dambha-Miller Hajira , Albasri Ali , Hodgson Sam , Wilcox Christopher R , Khan Shareen , Islam Nazrul , Little Paul , Griffin Simon J
Published: September 2020

Objective

To review evidence on routinely prescribed drugs in the UK that could upregulate or downregulate ACE2 and potentially affect COVID-19 disease.

Design

Systematic review.

Data source

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science.

Study selection

Any design with animal or human models examining a currently prescribed UK drug compared with a control, placebo or sham group, and reporting an effect on ACE2 level, activity or gene expression.

Data extraction and synthesis

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and OpenGrey from inception to 1 April 2020. Methodological quality was assessed using the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk-of-bias tool for animal studies and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for human studies.

Results

We screened 3360 titles and included 112 studies with 21 different drug classes identified as influencing ACE2 activity. Ten studies were in humans and one hundred and two were in animal models None examined ACE2 in human lungs. The most frequently examined drugs were angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (n=55) and ACE inhibitors (ACE-I) (n=22). More studies reported upregulation than downregulation with ACE-I (n=22), ARBs (n=55), insulin (n=8), thiazolidinedione (n=7) aldosterone agonists (n=3), statins (n=5), oestrogens (n=5) calcium channel blockers (n=3) glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists (n=2) and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (n=2).

Conclusions

There is an abundance of the academic literature and media reports on the potential of drugs that could attenuate or exacerbate COVID-19 disease. This is leading to trials of repurposed drugs and uncertainty among patients and clinicians concerning continuation or cessation of prescribed medications. Our review indicates that the impact of currently prescribed drugs on ACE2 has been poorly studied in vivo, particularly in human lungs where the SARS-CoV-2 virus appears to enact its pathogenic effects. We found no convincing evidence to justify starting or stopping currently prescribed drugs to influence outcomes of COVID-19 disease.
How can existential or spiritual strengths be fostered in palliative care? An interpretative synthesis of recent literature
Authors: Haufe Marc , Leget Carlo , Potma Marieke , Teunissen Saskia
Published: September 2020

Background

Patients receiving palliative care may benefit greatly when their existential or spiritual strengths are fostered. To date however, there has not been a comprehensive literature review of patient and care professional approaches that are available.

Aims

To describe and synthesise existential or spiritual strength-based approaches within the context of palliative care.

Methods

Literature search of 2436 articles between January 1999 and March 2019 in Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Articles were included if they deal with a palliative care situation, focus on the patient, specific existential/spiritual strength, discernible strength approach and an analysis of the workings of that approach. The interpretative synthesis consisted of a thematic analysis of the included articles and an integration of themes.

Results

In the 14 included articles, 5 different strengths were found to be fostered by 16 approaches: (1)Meaningwas fostered by: maintaining normalcy, experiencing sanctuaries, reassessing importance and reconstructing positive self; (2)Connectionby: opening up, giving/receiving care and envisioning continuation; (3)Agencyby: maintaining control, refocusing goals and continuous adaptation; (4)Hopethrough: setting special targets, imagining alternate outcomes, building a collection and extending wishes; (5)Faiththrough: living the tradition and relating to a benevolent force. Strengths and approaches are visualised in an overarching analytical framework: ‘the Propeller’.

Conclusions

The constructed Propeller framework can be used to become aware of, apply and further develop approaches to foster existential or spiritual strengths among patients receiving palliative care.
Untargeted metabolomics yields insight into ALS disease mechanisms
Authors: Goutman Stephen A , Boss Jonathan , Guo Kai , Alakwaa Fadhl M , Patterson Adam , Kim Sehee , Savelieff Masha Georges , Hur Junguk , Feldman Eva L
Published: September 2020

Objective

To identify dysregulated metabolic pathways in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) versus control participants through untargeted metabolomics.

Methods

Untargeted metabolomics was performed on plasma from ALS participants (n=125) around 6.8 months after diagnosis and healthy controls (n=71). Individual differential metabolites in ALS cases versus controls were assessed by Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, adjusted logistic regression and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), while group lasso explored sub-pathway-level differences. Adjustment parameters included sex, age and body mass index (BMI). Metabolomics pathway enrichment analysis was performed on metabolites selected by the above methods. Finally, machine learning classification algorithms applied to group lasso-selected metabolites were evaluated for classifying case status.

Results

There were no group differences in sex, age and BMI. Significant metabolites selected were 303 by Wilcoxon, 300 by logistic regression, 295 by PLS-DA and 259 by group lasso, corresponding to 11, 13, 12 and 22 enriched sub-pathways, respectively. ‘Benzoate metabolism’, ‘ceramides’, ‘creatine metabolism’, ‘fatty acid metabolism (acyl carnitine, polyunsaturated)’ and ‘hexosylceramides’ sub-pathways were enriched by all methods, and ‘sphingomyelins’ by all but Wilcoxon, indicating these pathways significantly associate with ALS. Finally, machine learning prediction of ALS cases using group lasso-selected metabolites achieved the best performance by regularised logistic regression with elastic net regularisation, with an area under the curve of 0.98 and specificity of 83%.

Conclusion

In our analysis, ALS led to significant metabolic pathway alterations, which had correlations to known ALS pathomechanisms in the basic and clinical literature, and may represent important targets for future ALS therapeutics.
Evaluation of nerve capture using classical landmarks for genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation: 3D cadaveric study
Authors: Tran John , Peng Philip , Agur Anne
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives

Radiofrequency (RF) denervation of the superolateral genicular nerve (SLGN), superomedial genicular nerve (SMGN) and inferomedial genicular nerve (IMGN) is commonly used to manage chronic knee joint pain. However, knowledge of articular branches captured, using classical landmarking techniques, remains unclear. In order to enhance and propose new RF procedures that conceivably capture a greater number of articular branches, more detailed cadaveric investigation is required. The objectives were to (1) determine which articular branches are captured or spared using classical landmarking techniques, and (2) evaluate the anatomical feasibility of classical landmarking techniques using three-dimensional (3D) modeling technology.

Methods

Ultrasound-guided classical superolateral/superomedial/inferomedial landmarking techniques were used to position RF cannulae in five specimens. The articular branches, bony and soft tissue landmarks, and cannula tip position, were meticulously dissected, digitized and modeled in 3D. Simulated lesions were positioned at the cannula tip, on the 3D models, to determine which articular branches were captured or spared. Capture rates of articular branches were compared.

Results

In all specimens, classical superolateral/superomedial techniques captured the transverse deep branches of SLGN and SMGN, and articular branches of lateral and medial nerve to vastus intermedius, while sparing distal branches of SLGN/SMGN. The inferomedial technique captured anterior branches of IMGN while sparing the posterior and inferior branches.

Conclusions

This study provides anatomical evidence supporting the effectiveness of classical landmarking for genicular nerve ablation; however, each technique resulted in sparing of articular branches. The extensive innervation of the knee joint suggests the use of supplementary landmarks to improve capture rates and potentially patient outcomes.
Vacuolar compartmentalisation and efflux of cadmium in barley
Authors: Thomas Merrine , Reid Robert
Published: September 2020

Plants have developed different tolerance strategies to deal with toxic metals. Various factors and mechanisms related to the compartmentalisation of cadmium (Cd) into the vacuoles and the efflux of Cd were investigated to analyse their roles in Cd tolerance in barley. In vacuolar transport assays, the addition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) alone significantly increased Cd uptake into the vacuole, but more so when both ATP and glutathione (GSH) were supplied together. This suggests that Cd may be partly sequestered as Cd2+ ions via divalent cation transporters, but predominantly as Cd–GSH complexes, most likely via ATP-binding cassette transporter-type transporters. Comparison of the concentrations of 109Cd in whole protoplasts and vacuoles isolated from shoots demonstrated that the majority of the cellular Cd was located in the vacuole. Over 48 h, 12% of the root Cd was effluxed into the external solution when roots were loaded with 109Cd by foliar application. This active excretion may be a detoxification strategy, in addition to the compartmentalisation of the majority of cellular cadmium into vacuoles predominantly as complexed form.
Meguma terrane orocline: U–Pb age and paleomagnetism of the Silurian Mavillette gabbro, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Warsame Halima S. , McCausland Phil J.A. , White Chris E. , Barr Sandra M. , Dunning Gregory R. , Waldron John W.F.
Published: September 2020

Paleomagnetic results and a U–Pb baddeleyite age from the Silurian Mavillette gabbroic sill in southwest Nova Scotia, Canada, provide new evidence about the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Meguma terrane. The Mavillette gabbro sill intruded ca. 440–430 Myr old bimodal rift-related metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the White Rock Formation in the Silurian–Devonian Rockville Notch Group. The 426.4 ± 2.0 Ma Mavillette gabbro age is notably younger than the ca. 440 Ma magmatism, but is part of a geochemically defined suite of within-plate sills and volcanic rocks of the Rockville Notch Group with ages as young as Early Devonian. Paleomagnetic investigation of 13 sites distributed along the Neoacadian (ca. 390 Ma) synclinal limbs of the Mavillette sill reveal magnetization directions that fail a fold test and therefore postdate Silurian emplacement of the gabbro. The post-folding remanence has a mean direction of D = 153.4, I = 17.1°; α 95 = 6.5° (n = 12 sites), with corresponding paleopole 31.9 °S, 325.2 E; dp = 3.5°, dm = 6.7° that resembles a pervasive late Carboniferous Kiaman overprint magnetization in North America, but is rotated significantly 22.2° ± 8.1° counter-clockwise (CCW). Mavillette remanence acquisition likely occurred in concert with fluid mobilization related to Alleghanian deformation, recorded locally by ca. 320 Ma muscovite 40Ar–39Ar ages. Previously published paleomagnetic results from the Meguma terrane also have Carboniferous remanence directions with similar ∼24° CCW discordance. The regional CCW rotation of the southwest Meguma terrane post-dates this ca. 320 Ma tectonothermal remanence acquisition event, likely recording the development of an oroclinal bend of the Meguma terrane during the Alleghanian orogeny.
Phenomenology of GUP stars
Authors: Buoninfante Luca , Lambiase Gaetano , Luciano Giuseppe Gaetano , Petruzziello Luciano
Published: September 2020

We study quantum corrections at the horizon scale of a black hole induced by a Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) with a quadratic term in the momentum. The interplay between quantum mechanics and gravity manifests itself into a non-zero uncertainty in the location of the black hole radius, which turns out to be larger than the usual Schwarzschild radius. We interpret such an effect as a correction which makes the horizon disappear, as it happens in other models of quantum black holes already considered in literature. We name this kind of horizonless compact objectsGUP stars. We also investigate some phenomenological aspects in the astrophysical context of binary systems and gravitational wave emission by discussing Love numbers, quasi-normal modes and echoes, and studying their behavior as functions of the GUP deformation parameter. Finally, we preliminarily explore the possibility to constrain such a parameter with future astrophysical experiments.
Quantum entanglement and teleportation in superposition of multiple-photon-added two-mode squeezed vacuum state
Authors: Duc T. M. , Dat T. Q. , Chuong H. S.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a new state called superposition of multiple-photon-added two-mode squeezed vacuum state (SMPA-TMSVS) is introduced by adding the multiple photons to both modes of a two-mode squeezed vacuum state (TMSVS). We explicitly investigate the degree of quantum entanglement, the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) correlation and the quantum steering in the SMPA-TMSVS. The results show in the SMPA-TMSVS that the degree of entanglement and the EPR correlation can be enhanced by nonlocal adding photons to a TMSVS. The quantum steering appears in the SMPA-TMSVS in case the superposition of single-photon addition [Formula: see text], in which mode [Formula: see text] can steer mode [Formula: see text]. By using the SMPA-TMSVS as an entangled resource, the quantum teleportation process is studied in detail based on the Vaidman–Braunstein–Kimble (VBK) protocol.
Communication—Tunable and Weakly Epsilon-Negative Property Realized by Metallic Granular Metacomposites at Radio-Frequency Region
Authors: Ye Huan , Li Yuyan , Qu Yunpeng , Sun Kai , Runhua Fan
Published: September 2020

We fabricated metallic granular metacomposites by low-temperature pressureless sintering. A percolation behavior appears, corresponding to the observation of metal-like conductivity and epsilon-negative. Weakly epsilon-negative property is achieved in 70 wt% FeCrNi/CaCu3Ti4O12 metacomposites, showing small absolute value of epsilon between 0 and −150. The epsilon-negative property is tuned by adjusting metal content in metacomposites and high negative value of real permittivity (∼−104) is achieved. The superposition of Lorentz and Drude model explains the radio-frequency (RF) epsilon-negative. Epsilon-negative property correlates with inductive character as investigated by equivalent circuit analysis. Our work benefits the practical applications of epsilon-negative property in electromagnetic fields.
Coniferyl Aldehyde Inhibits the Inflammatory Effects of Leptomeningeal Cells by Suppressing the JAK2 Signaling
Authors: Wang Yao , Gao Yajun , Li Xue , Sun Xiaolin , Wang Zhanqi , Wang Hanchi , Nie Ran , Yu Weixian , Zhou Yanmin
Published: September 2020

Background. The brain is in many ways an immunologically and pharmacologically privileged site because of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). But for chronic peripheral inflammation, inflammatory signals can be transmitted from the peripheral system into the central nervous system (CNS) through multiple channels and result in neuroinflammation. Leptomeningeal cells that form the BBB can trigger one signaling pathway by releasing cytokines to transmit inflammatory signals. Besides, the Janus kinase (JAK) family may have a certain function in the activation of leptomeninges. In the present study, we try to use coniferyl aldehyde (CA), a natural anti‐inflammatory phenolic compound, to inhibit this inflammatory process and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results. Secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6) significantly increased after incubation with P. gingivalis. Moreover, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 levels were upregulated, and the JAK2 signaling was enhanced in leptomeningeal cells in a conditioned medium from activated macrophages, which leads to the immune response in microglia. However, this inflammatory effect of leptomeningeal cells was reversed by CA administration, accompanied by the decreased immune response in microglia. The western blot assay revealed that JAK2 phosphorylation was suppressed in leptomeningeal cells treated with CA. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that activated macrophages by P. gingivalis markedly induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6) from leptomeningeal cells, thereby activating the JAK2 signaling pathway and subsequently enhancing immune responses in microglia in the CNS. CA effectively inhibits the inflammatory effect of leptomeningeal cells via suppressing the JAK2 signaling pathway.
ECT Image Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Multiscale Dual-Channel Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wang Lili , Liu Xiao , Chen Deyun , Yang Hailu , Wang Chengdong
Published: September 2020

For the problems of missing edges and obvious artifacts in Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) reconstruction algorithms, an image reconstruction method based on a multiscale dual-channel convolutional neural network is proposed. Firstly, the image reconstructed by Landweber algorithm is input into the convolutional neural network, and four scales are selected for feature extraction. Feature unions are used across the scales to fuse the information of the output layer with feature maps. To improve the imaging accuracy, two frequency channels are designed for the input image. The middle layer of the network consists of two fully convolutional structures. Convolutional layers and jump connections are designed separately for different channels, which greatly improves the network’s ability to extract feature information and reduces the number of feature maps required for each layer. The number of network layers is shallow, which can speed up the network training, prevent the network from falling into local optimum, and ensure the effective transmission of image details. Simulation experiments are carried out for four typical dual media distributions. The edges of the reconstructed image are smoother and the image error is smaller. It effectively resolves the lack of edges in the reconstruction image and reduces the image edge artifacts in the ECT system.
Protective Effect of Astragaloside IV on High Glucose-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction via Inhibition of P2X7R Dependent P38 MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Leng Bin , Li Cong , Sun Yang , Zhao Kun , Zhang Ling , Lu Mei-Li , Wang Hong-Xin
Published: September 2020

Vascular endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased mortality in patients with diabetes. Astragaloside IV (As-IV) is a bioactive saponin with therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory and antiendothelial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism for how As-IV ameliorated endothelial dysfunction is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we examined the protective effect of As-IV against endothelial dysfunction and explored potential molecular biology mechanism. In vivo, rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 65 mg/kg body weight to establish a diabetic model. In vitro studies, rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOEC) were pretreated with As-IV, SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) for 2 h prior to the addition of high glucose (33 mM glucose). Our findings indicated that As-IV improved impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and increased the levels of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) both in vivo and in vitro. Besides, As-IV treatment inhibited the elevated inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic model both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, As-IV administration reversed the upregulated expression of P2X7R and p-p38 MAPK in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the effects of both P2X7R siRNA and SB203580 on endothelial cells were similar to As-IV. Collectively, our study demonstrated that As-IV rescued endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose via inhibition of P2X7R dependent p38 MAPK signaling pathway. This provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the vascular endothelial protective effects of As-IV.
The Role of BRG1 in Antioxidant and Redox Signaling
Authors: You Shilong , Zhang Ying , Xu Jiaqi , Qian Hao , Wu Shaojun , Wu Boquan , Lu Saien , Sun Yingxian , Zhang Naijin
Published: September 2020

Redox homeostasis is regulated by critical molecules that modulate antioxidant and redox signaling (ARS) within the cell. Imbalances among these molecules can lead to oxidative stress and damage to cell functions, causing a variety of diseases. Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), also known as SMARCA4, is the central ATPase catalytic subunit of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, which plays a core role in DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcriptional regulation. Numerous recent studies show that BRG1 is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes associated with ARS. BRG1, as a major factor in chromatin remodeling, is essential for the repair of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and the activation of antioxidant genes under oxidative stress. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the roles of BRG1 in redox homeostasis is crucial to understand the normal functioning as well as pathological mechanisms. In this review, we summarized and discussed the role of BRG1 in the regulation of ARS.
Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zhuang Sheng , Wang Fu-Yu , Gu Xin , Wu Jia-Jing , Mao Cheng-Jie , Gui Hao , Chen Jing , Liu Chun-Feng
Published: September 2020

Background. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising therapeutic tool for Parkinson’s disease (PD), and many stimulation targets have been implicated. We aim to explore whether low-frequency rTMS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) improves motor and nonmotor symptoms of individuals with PD. Methods. We conducted a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled parallel trial to compare the effect of 10 consecutive daily sessions of 1 Hz rTMS over right DLPFC on individuals with idiopathic PD between active and sham rTMS group. Primary outcomes were changes in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III and Nonmotor Symptom Questionnaire (NMSQ). Secondary outcomes were changes in UPDRS total score, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Assessments were completed at baseline, after treatment, and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. Results. A total of 33 participants with PD were randomized. All participants completed the study and no severe adverse effect was noticed. Compared to baseline, active rTMS showed significant improvements in UPDRS part III and NMSQ at 1 month. Change of scores on UPDRS part III, HRSD, and PSQI persisted for 3 months after rTMS intervention. The beneficial effect on cognitive performance assessed by MoCA was maintained for at least 6 months in the follow-up. No significant changes were observed in the group with sham rTMS. Conclusions. Low-frequency rTMS of right DLPFC could be a potential selection in managing motor and nonmotor symptoms in PD.
Individualized Efficiency of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Non‐ST Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: Study Protocol for Observational Research by the Evidence‐Based Goal Attainment Scale
Authors: Shi Zhaofeng , Zhao Chen , Guan Manke , Wei Xuxu , Hu Jiayuan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Min , Shang Hongcai
Published: September 2020

Background. Non‐ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome has been one of the most serious diseases threatening human health. Long‐term cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention is the essential method to control the recurrence and mortality of the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has proved the efficiency on the treatment of non‐ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, but there is a lack of appropriate methodological design to reflect the characteristics of individualized diagnosis and treatment of it. Therefore, this study used the evidenced‐based Goal Attainment Scale to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine on the treatment of non‐ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Method. This is observational research with the prospective feature. A total of 200 patients will be recruited and observed in the three months by telephone or door visit, collecting the individualized intervention of traditional Chinese medicine and evaluating through the method of evidence‐based Goal Attainment Scale. Participants will be included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Any reasons for loss to follow‐up and adverse events will be recorded strictly. Discussion. The evidence‐based Goal Attainment Scale provides a personalized method of evaluation based on the Goal Attainment Scale and combined with evidence‐based medicine, which can better reflect the characteristics and superiority of individualized and dynamic intervention for traditional Chinese medicine on the long‐term prevention and treatment of non‐ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome than other methods of design. It is of great significance to explore and promote this method of design in the future.
Addition of the Electronic Educational Material to Doctor’s Face-to-Face Education Has No Additive Effects on Hypertension Control: A Randomized Single Blind Study
Authors: Lee John Yang , Tang Dihua , Xiao Xinhua , Liang Xiaoping , Piao Huihon , Xie Mian
Published: September 2020

Background. Patient education is effective for HTN treatment. There are many methods of patient education improving HTN control. Are there additive effects of combination of different educational methods for HTN treatment? Objective. To assess the effects of addition of the electronic educational material to doctor’s face-to-face education for HTN control. Method. We designed a randomized single blind study to compare the doctor’s face-to-face education alone and its combination with the electronic educational material over the cell phone. Participants were patients with a confirmed diagnosis of primary HTN. Electronic educational material over the cell phone was the intervention. Main measures were standard blood pressure measurements before and after 12 weeks of treatment. Result. The baseline characteristics of the intervention and control groups including the age, sex, SBP, DBP, and HTN control rate were not significantly different. After 12 weeks of follow-up, the blood pressure and the HTN control rate seemed worse in the combination group; however, the differences between the intervention group and the control group were not statistically significant. Conclusion. There were no additive effects in the combination of the doctor’s face-to-face education and the electronic educational material over the cell phone.
A Novel Signature Based on mTORC1 Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Mo Zhuomao , Zhang Shuqiao , Zhang Shijun
Published: September 2020

Background. mTORC1 signal pathway plays a role in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but no relevant gene signature was developed. This research aimed to explore the potential correlation between the mTORC1 signal pathway and HCC and establish the related gene signature. Methods. HCC cases were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The genes included in mTORC1-associated signature were selected by performing univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and lasso regression analysis. The protein expression level of included genes was verified by The Human Protein Altas. Then, the signature was verified by survival analysis and multiple receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Moreover, the correlation between signature and immune cells infiltration was investigated. Furthermore, a nomogram was established and evaluated by C-index and calibration plot. Results. The signature was established with the six genes (ETF1, GSR, SKAP2, HSPD1, CACYBP, and PNP). Three genes (ETF1, GSR, and HSPD1) have verified their protein expression level in HCC. Under the grouping from signature, patients in the high-risk group showed worse survival than those in the low-risk group in both three datasets. The signature was found to be significantly associated with the infiltration of B cells, CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that mTORC1-related signature could be the potential independent prognostic factor in HCC. Finally, the nomogram involving age, gender, stage, and signature has been established and verified. Conclusion. The mTORC1-associated gene signature established and validated in our research could be used as a potential prognostic factor in HCC.
Distribution Analysis of Salvianolic Acids in Myocardial Ischemic Pig Tissues by Automated Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Qiu Qi , Cao Jinglin , Mu Yu , Lin Yang , Zhang Yunnan , Li Jing , Shi Xiujin
Published: September 2020

The distribution of active compounds of traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Chinese name: Danshen) in vivo was determined by establishing a liquid extraction surface analysis coupled with the tandem mass spectrometry (LESA‐MS/MS) method. Stability analysis and distribution analysis were designed in the present study using normal animals or a myocardial ischemia model. The model assessment was performed four weeks after surgery, and then three groups were created: a normal‐dose group, a model‐blank group, and a model‐dose group. Meanwhile, Danshen decoction administration began in dose groups and lasted for four weeks. In stability analysis, four salvianolic acids—Danshensu (DSS), caffeic acid (CAA), rosmarinic acid (RA), and salvianolic acid A (SAA)—in kidney tissues from the normal‐dose group were detected by LESA‐MS/MS under four conditions, and then distribution analysis was conducted in different tissues using the same method. Ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) in animals from two model groups decreased significantly four weeks after surgery (P < 0.01) and were improved after four weeks of Danshen decoction administration (P < 0.01). Results of stability analysis demonstrated that this method was basically stable since there were no significant differences in signal intensities of DSS, CAA, and SAA under four conditions (P > 0.05). Distribution analysis showed the signal intensities of DSS in the liver and kidney and SAA in the heart were higher in the model‐dose group than in the normal‐dose group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Signal intensities of RA in the liver and kidney, and SAA in the liver were lower in the model‐dose group compared with the normal‐dose group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In conclusion, Danshen decoction has the effect of improving the ischemic condition in a chronic myocardial ischemia model, and the content of two active compounds increased in the targets. These findings contribute to an understanding of the therapeutic role of Danshen in cardiovascular disease.
Physiochemical, Insecticidal, and Antidiabetic Activities of Senna occidentalis Linn Root
Authors: Issa Tahani Osman , Mohamed Ahmed Ahmed Ibrahim , Mohamed Yahya Sulieman , Yagi Sakina , Makhawi Abdelrafie Mohamed , Khider Tarig Osman
Published: September 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the physiochemical activities of Senna occidentalis (Linn) roots and phytochemicals as insecticidal (ethyl acetate and methanol) and antidiabetic (ethanolic extract) activities. Physicochemical properties were carried out by using Association of Official Analytical Chemist methods; thin layer chromatography was carried out according to the Stahl method. Larvicidal activity and LD50 were studied against the third instar of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae to detect and extract toxicity. The ethanolic extracts of the roots were orally tested at the dose 200 mg/kg for the hypoglycemic effect on induced hyperglycemia in normal rats, assessed in the ethanol extract, and were compared with diabetic control and standards glibenclamide 10 mg/kg. Physiochemical parameters showed high rate in the nitrogen-free extract (69.6%), curd fiber (14.5%), crude proteins (8.15%), ether extract (3.75%), and both ash and moisture (2%), and high concentrations values were found in potassium (43 mg/l) followed by phosphorous (28.5 mg/l), calcium (15 mg/l), sodium (3.65 mg/l), and magnesium (0.145 mg/l). In this part, phytochemical compounds showed high amount of alkaloids, triterpene, flavonoids, tannins, sugars, and few amount of anthraquinone glycosides. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) studies different colored phytochemical constituted with different Rf values. All the spots are colored under UV light, but some are localized colorless after spaying. The ethyl acetate (EtAc) extract showed eight spots, and the methanol (MeOH) extract showed thirteen spots. The larvicidal activity showed that the ethyl acetate extract was safe against mosquito larvae with an LD50 value 1412.54 (p<0.05), and the methanol extract had moderate larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae with an LD50 value 257.54 (p<0.05), while the ethanolic extract of Senna occidentalis (L.) causes a favorable hypoglycemic activity when compared to control significant reduction by [53.15%, 32.87%, and 20.94%], respectively, as well as standard glibenclamide. Based on the various data of the physicochemical parameters, TLC spots, and phytochemical compounds of Senna occidentalis root, they could be used as references standards for manufacturing units of Senna occidentalis root larvicidal and antidiabetic drugs.
Severe Disfiguring Scalp and Facial Oedema due to Henoch–Schönlein Purpura in a Child
Authors: Arunath Visvalingam , Athapathu Arjuna Salinda , Hoole Thabitha Jebaseeli , Aruppala Heshan , Rathnasri Asanka , Ranawaka Randula , Mettananda Sachith
Published: September 2020

Henoch–Schönlein purpura is a small vessel vasculitis that usually presents with palpable purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain, and nephritis. Subcutaneous oedema of dependent areas is common; however, oedema in the scalp is extremely rare especially in children older than two years. Here, we report a child with massive disfiguring scalp and facial oedema due to Henoch–Schönlein purpura. An eight-year-old boy presented with characteristic palpable purpuric rash and extensive disfiguring scalp and facial swelling for five days. He complained of blurred vision, vomiting, and severe headache on the day of admission. Examination revealed an ill child with extensive oedema of the face and scalp that was tender on palpation. His blood pressure was above the 99th percentile, and he had exaggerated deep tendon reflexes and extensor plantar responses. All biochemical investigations including renal function tests were normal. Noncontrast CT head showed normal brain, with marked soft tissue swelling of the scalp. Ultrasonography showed soft tissue oedema within and surrounding facial muscles without evidence of neck vessel compression. Urine analysis revealed microscopic haematuria on day 14 of the illness, and immunohistochemical staining of renal biopsy confirmed Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis. In conclusion, this case report presents a child with severe, disfiguring scalp and facial oedema due to Henoch–Schönlein purpura. It highlights that severe subcutaneous oedema of Henoch–Schönlein purpura can involve any part of the body not limiting to dependent areas.
A Unique Case of Low-Grade Mucinous Neoplasm in Stump Appendectomy
Authors: Al-Tarakji Mohannad , Ali Syed Muhammad , Shah Amjad Ali , Petkar Mahir Abdulla , Mirza Salman , Singh Rajvir , Zarour Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Background. We describe a case of a young male with a history of appendectomy one year ago, who developed symptoms of stump appendicitis, and after removing this stump, histopathology showed low grade neoplasm.Summary. Stump appendicitis is an uncommon complication after appendectomy and may lead to serious complications. Management of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is controversial, and we discuss the importance of the case.Conclusion. The case of young male post stump appendectomy with histopathology showing LAMN in the stump of the appendix, which to our knowledge, is the first in the medical literature and, discuss the stump appendicitis and incomplete appendectomy concerning malignancy, mucinous neoplasm, and adenocarcinoma.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Antimicrobial and Antitumor Studies of Two Zinc(II) Complexes with Pyridine Thiazole Derivatives
Authors: Xun-Zhong Zou , An-Sheng Feng , Fu-Ran Zeng , Min-Cheng Lai , Yan-Zhi Liao , Meng Mei , Yu Li
Published: September 2020

Two pyridine thiazole derivatives, namely, 4-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)thiazole (L1) and 4-(pyridin-3-yl)-2-(2-(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)thiazole (L2), were afforded by a cyclization reaction between α-haloketone and thioamide, and their Zn(II) complexes were prepared by the reaction of ligands and corresponding metal salts, respectively, and characterized by X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. Both crystals were obtained by ether diffusion and crystallized in a monoclinic system. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the Zn(II) complexes and ligands was screened using the microplate reader method, and in vitro antitumor activities of the complexes were evaluated by MTT, with a view to developing new improved bioactive materials with novel properties. The biological activity studies of the compounds showed that the metal complexes were more active than the free ligands, and some compounds had absolute specificity for certain bacteria or cancer cell lines.
Novel Condition Monitoring Method for Wind Turbines Based on the Adaptive Multivariate Control Charts and SCADA Data
Authors: Han Qinkai , Wang Zhentang , Hu Tao
Published: September 2020

A novel condition monitoring method based on the adaptive multivariate control charts and the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is developed. Two types of control charts are adopted: one is the adaptive exponential weighted moving average (AEWMA) control chart for abnormal state detection, and the other is the multivariate exponential weighted moving average (MEWMA) control chart for anomaly location determination. Optimization procedures for these control charts are implemented to achieve minimum out-of-control average running length. Multivariate regression analysis is utilized to obtain the normal condition prediction model of wind turbine with fault-free SCADA data. After comparing the regression accuracy of several popular algorithms in the MRA, the random forest is adopted for feature selection and regression prediction. Various tests on the wind turbine with normal and abnormal states are conducted. The performance and robustness of various control charts are compared comprehensively. Compared with conventional control charts, the AEWMA control chart is more sensitive to the abnormal state and thus has a more effective anomaly identification ability and better robustness. It is shown that the MEWMA control chart combined with the out-of-limit number index can effectively locate and identify the abnormal component.