bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Mandibular Endosteal Margin Erosions on Panoramic Radiographs in Dentulous and Edentulous Elderly Population: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Badi Kavita , Venkatesh Rashmi , More Chandramani B , Shah Palak H
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The mandibular bone is an important component of the facial bone and this bone shows the measurable osteoporotic changes on radiographs. One of the changes shown is mandibular endosteal margin erosions and on panoramic radiograph the changes are seen as cortical cavities and cortical residues. Aim: To evaluate and compare mandibular endosteal margin erosions on panoramic radiographs in dentulous and edentulous elderly population. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 611 panoramic radiographs of elderly population for mandibular endosteal margin erosions using Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI), devised based on appearance of lower border of mandibular cortex distally from mental foramen as viewed on panoramic radiograph. Data collected was tested statistically using chi-square test. Results: The mandibular endosteal margin erosions were more severe in edentulous group. The difference between the groups was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). As age increased, the likelihood of the C3 category increased and mandibular endosteal erosions were more pronounced among females in both dentulous and edentulous group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Mandibular Cortical Index is simple index to determine osteoporosis and the severity of osteoporosis is directly related with edentulousness or increased tooth loss.
Cupping Therapy versus Myofascial Release for Mechanical Low Back Pain: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Setia Kunal , Sharma Sunita , Kumar Rahul
Published: July 2023

Inherent abnormalities with the spine, the intervertebral disks, or the surrounding soft tissues are the source of mechanical Low Back Pain (LBP). The present case report presented two cases of mechanical LBP in a 27-year-old and a 26-year-old female, as they complained of LBP that typically began due to prolonged sitting and has lasted for atleast two months. The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) indicated a pain intensity of seven out of 10 for LBP for both the patients and Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ) indicated that disability was 54%; consequently. The 27-year-old female patient was provided with a twoweek supervised static cupping therapy protocol and 26-year-old female patient was provided with a Myofascial Release (MFR) protocol. After treatment, the NPRS revealed a remarkable reduction in pain intensity to two out of 10 for LBP for cupping therapy intervention and for MFR intervention reduction in pain intensity was marked four out of 10 for LBP. Disability was reduced to 14% for cupping therapy intervention and for MFR intervention disability was reduced to 22%. As static cupping therapy is used to target the deeper musculature of the lower back and MFR treatment used for overall release of fascia, the purpose of this case report was to illustrate the comparison in the effects of cupping therapy and MFR on mechanical LBP in reducing pain intensity and disability.
VÁ AO TEATRO E ME CONVIDE
Authors: Romano Olívia Camboim , Rabelo Yasmin Brenda Primo
Published: July 2023

Este artigo apresenta os resultados do projeto de pesquisa Estudo de viabilidade para abertura de uma Escola de Espectadores na Região Metropolitana de Aracaju (PIBIC 2019/2020), desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), entre agosto de 2019 e junho de 2020. Para verificar esta viabilidade, além de considerar o contexto local e mapear os espetáculos em cartaz na região, efetuamos uma enquete com a comunidade em geral e fizemos entrevistas via Google Meet com artistas que representam os principais grupos de teatro em atividade atualmente em Aracaju. Considerando que há várias pessoas interessadas em frequentar uma escola de espectadores de teatro aracajuana e que todos(as) os(as) teatreiros(as) de Sergipe com quem conversamos, apesar das ressalvas e dificuldades visualizadas, aprovam a iniciativa, concluímos que a abertura de um espaço dessa natureza é exequível.
PERGUNTAR PARA DANÇAR
Authors: XAVIER JUSSARA JANNING
Published: July 2023

O propósito do texto é chamar atenção à necessidade de olhar para as relações entre dança e ciência, de forma a discutir a cisão entre ambas, bem como, promover reflexões acerca das dicotomias que surgem neste âmbito: objetivo versus subjetivo, teoria versusprática, racionalidade versus imaginação. Deseja-se sugerir investigações que busquem considerar a complexidade envolvida no assunto, cujos termos envolvem e revelam traços mais paradoxais do que harmônicos. A autora informa sobre composições em dança efetuadas junto a saberes científicos, ou seja, que envolveram a colaboração entre artistas da dança e cientistas de várias áreas. Por fim, destaca a capacidade de imaginar, antes, de constituir um imaginário rico, como essencial ao desenvolvimento humano e, especialmente, para a efetuação de processos de pesquisa e estudos singulares nos diferentes campos de conhecimento.
ILUMINADOR EM CENA:
Authors: Rodrigues Thamiris Calegari , Pimenta Rosana Aparecida
Published: July 2023

A luz como elemento fundamental para as artes da cena é uma área de constante renovação e atualização técnica e tecnológica, na qual a inovação digital está cada vez mais presente. O iluminador Rodrigo Costa Assis conhecido no meio artístico como Rodrigo Horse tem mobilizado a área no Brasil em três frentes de atuação, nas quais evidencia-se seu consciente domínio dos softwares de design de iluminação: a técnica no meio acadêmico, a produção artística e a docência. Com o objetivo de expor a trajetória e as contribuições do artista brasileiro, foram analisadas imagens e entrevistas concedidas em lives disponíveis em canais do YouTube, bem como sua produção em Iluminação e Arte no Brasil, por meio das quais identificou-se sua multiplicidade de atuações, desde as demandas como operador de luz da Universidade Federal de Goiás até os processos criativos enquanto Iluminador, perpassando por suas atividades educativas, favorecendo a difusão de instrumentos tecnológicos na produção artística da iluminação.
Effect of Using Midazolam and Propofol in Low Doses for Intraoperative Nausea and Vomiting Prevention in Pregnant Women Underwent Cesarean Section under Regional Anesthesia
Authors: Habasha Zainab Faisal
Published: July 2023

Aim: To investigate if and how severe intraoperative nausea and vomiting occur following elective cesarean sections performed under spinal anesthesia using sub-hypnotic dosages of midazolam and propofol.

Study Design: Clinical trial.

Methodology:  The current study was conducted at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of a Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. The study included 90 full-term pregnant women with single viable fetuses who underwent elective C/S by spinal anesthesia and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group A included 30 women who received propofol, group B included 30 women who received midazolam, and Group C included 30 women who received placebo. The Bellville scoring score was used to assess nausea and vomiting. The Richmond Agitation Sedation Score (RASS) was used to assess sedation intraoperatively.

Results: Patients in group C had the highest prevalence of nausea and vomiting (56.7%), which was significantly different from groups A (16.7%, P=0.001) and B (13.3%, P=0.001); however, there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B (P= 0.717). The group B patients had the highest prevalence of drowsiness (20%), which was substantially different from group C (3.3%, P=0.044), whereas there were no statistically significant differences between groups A and B (P= 0.278) or A and C (P= 0.3).

Conclusion: Low doses of midazolam or propofol administered after cesarean section (after the umbilical cord has been clamped) can lessen intraoperative nausea and vomiting without significantly lowering blood pressure or heart rate, with midazolam being more effective than propofol in this regard.
An Economic Analysis of Marketing and Disposal Pattern of Groundnut in Surguja District of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Painkra A. K. , Seth M. K. , Rawal A. , Raju S. K. , Khemraj
Published: July 2023

This study is confined to an economic analysis of marketing and constraints of groundnut in the Surguja district of Chhattisgarh, India. The 90 respondents were interviewed for the study during the year 2015-16. The main objective of the study is to analyze marketing cost, price spread and constraints in marketing of groundnut. Major findings of the study revealed that at their place three marketing channels identified for the groundnut marketing in Sarguja district viz., were Channel – I: Producer → Consumer, Channel – II: Producer → Village Merchants/ Retailers → Consumer, Channel – III: Producer → Commission Agents/ Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer. The total marketing cost was higher in Channel III (Rs. 365.38) Compared to Channel I and Channel II. and the total marketing margin and price spread was also seen higher in Channel III Rs. (1457.22 and 635.00) because in the Channel III there were two intermediates, whereas in channel I and channel II there was only one Intermediates respectively. The producer share in the consumer rupee was higher in the channel I (97.55%). The market efficiency was higher in Channel I (40.98 %).
Comparative Efficacy and Economics of Selected Chemicals and Neem Oil against Gram Pod Borer [Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)] on Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]
Authors: Kumar K. Phani , Kumar Ashwani
Published: July 2023

A field trial was conducted at Naini, Prayagraj, during Kharif season 2022. Eight treatments were evaluated against Helicoverpa armigera on cowpea i.e. Spinosad 45%SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC, a half dose of Spinosad 45% SC + Neem oil 5%, Indoxacarb 14.5% SC, Imidacloprid 18.5% SC, Neem oil 5%, a half dose of Imidacloprid 18.5% SC + Neem oil 5% and an untreated Control. Results revealed that, among the different treatments lowest larval population of cowpea pod borer was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC (1.300). Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (1.467) was found to be the next best treatment followed by a half dose of Spinosad 45% SC + Neem oil 5% (1.678), a half dose of Imidacloprid 18.5% SC + Neem oil 5% (1.823), Spinosad 45% SC (1.945), Imidacloprid 18.5% SC (2.055) whereas Neem oil 5% (2.334) was found to be the least effective against this pest. The best and most economical treatment was Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC (1:3.63) followed by Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (1:3.41). The yield of plot the treated with Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC  with (17.40 q/ha) followed by Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (16.22 q/ha), a half dose of Spinosad 45% SC + Neem oil 5% (14.90 q/ha), a half dose of Imidacloprid 18.5% SC + Neem oil 5% (12.68 q/ha), Spinosad 45% SC (11.86 q/ha), Imidacloprid 18.5% SC (11.10 q/ha) and Neem oil 5% (10 q/ha) as compared to the untreated control (8.20 q/ha).
Effect of Plant Extract on Pathogens Isolated from Water Source
Authors: Eze C. N. , Stanley H. O. , Nwankwo C. C.
Published: July 2023

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) and Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) extracts on pathogenic bacteria isolated from surface and ground water samples in Port Harcourt Metropolis. Samples of Aloe vera and Lemon grass were collected, pre-treated and extracted using n-hexane and ethanol respectively. The plant extracts were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed for their phytochemical properties using standard methods.  Surface and ground water samples were collected and characterized for their physico-chemical and microbiological properties using standard methods. The pathogenic bacteria isolated from the water samples were subjected to antibacterial susceptibility tests using selected commercial antibiotics and the plant extracts respectively. Result revealed the presence of eight phytochemicals namely alkaloid, flavonoid, saponnin, tannin, glycoside, steroid, phenol and terpene in both hexane and ethanol extracts of the Lemongrass and Aloe vera with varying degrees. Four bacterial pathogens namely Streptococcus spp., Shigella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were identified in the water samples. All of them were susceptible to both hexane and ethanol extracts of the Lemongrass and Aloe vera plants with zones of inhibition ranging from 10.2 mm to 14.5 mm and 16.7 mm to 20.9 mm and 4.2 mm to 9.5 mm and 6.7 mm to 11.2 mm, respectively. Commercial antibiotics such as Ciproflox, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol and Cuntamycin were active against all the bacteria pathogens, with zones of inhibition ranging from 15.7 mm to 21.2 mm, 13.2 mm to 21.3 mm, 3.1 mm to 14.5 mm and 3.3 mm to 14.7 mm, respectively. The antibacterial action of ethanol extract of the Lemongrass on all four pathogens was comparable to that of commercial antibiotics such as Ciproflox, Streptomycin and Ofloxacin which also demonstrated higher antibacterial action on the pathogens. This study has revealed the usefulness of Aloe vera and Lemongrass plants in phyto-antibiotics and phyto-medicine.
Study of Morphological Qualitative and Quantitative Characterization of Different Traits in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Genotypes
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Kumar Vipin , Singh Bijendra , Prakash Satya , Singh Manoj Kumar , Yadav Manoj Kumar , Singh Navdeep
Published: July 2023

Tomato is classified as a warm-season crop and is characterized by two distinct plant growth habits: determinate and indeterminate. The flowers of tomatoes are typically bisexual and possess both male and female reproductive structures, making them perfect flowers. The stigma of the flower is surrounded by a protective anther cone, which promotes self-pollination. This self-pollination trait in tomato plants facilitates their maintenance breeding, and simple selection methods can be employed to effectively improve the crop. The current investigation involved the characterization of twenty-five tomato germplasm genotypes. The experimental was carried out during rabi season 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 at Horticulture Research Centre, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut. Seedlings of tomato were transplanted at spacing of 60 x 45 cm in randomized block design with three replications. Data was collected based on eight qualitative traits, namely, plant growth habit, leaf colour, flower colour, fruit size, fruit shape, fruit colour, fruit surface, and stem end fruit shape. The tomato genotypes demonstrated significant variability in all qualitative traits, with the exception of the fruit surface trait. This highlights the importance of focusing on these traits in future crop improvement programs for tomato.
Response of Nutrients, Biofertilizers, and Biochar on Soil properties under Cultivation of Pea Crop (Pisum sativum L.) var. Kashi Mukti in an Inceptisol of Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Khanna Charchika , David Arun Alfred , Thomas Tarence
Published: July 2023

The experiment was conducted at the research farm of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry to investigate the response of nutrients, biofertilizers, and biochar on soil properties under cultivation of pea crop (Pisum sativum L.) var. Kashi Mukti. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important rabi leguminous crop found in the Indian subcontinent. It is mostly grown as a winter crop in the fields of northern India and as a summer vegetable on the slopes. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications Pea was taken for study with recommended doses of fertilizers (N, P2O5 and K2O @ 20, 60 and 40 kg ha-1) was applied with Rhizobium and Biochar. The bulk density (Mg m-3) and particle density (Mg m-3) of the soil were found to be maximum in treatment T1 (NPK @ 0% + Rhizobium @ 0% + Biochar @ 0%), on the other hand, treatment T9 (NPK @ 100% + Rhizobium @ 100% + Biochar @ 100%) exhibited the highest values for pore space (%), water holding capacity (%), pH (1:2) w/v, electrical conductivity (dS m-1), organic carbon (%), available nitrogen (kg ha-1), available phosphorus (kg ha-1) and available potassium (kg ha-1). In conclusion, the experiment demonstrated that the application of NPK fertilizers, rhizobium, and biochar had a significant impact on the soil health under pea cultivation.
Potential Suppression Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Selected Plants on Growth of Carrot Weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) in Arusha, Tanzania
Authors: Mtenga Neema C. , Mokiti Thadeo , Mbega Ernest , Ndakidemi Patrick
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the potential suppression effects of aqueous extracts derived from selected plants on the growth of carrot weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) in Arusha, Tanzania. The research aimed to explore natural and sustainable methods for managing the proliferation of this invasive weed species. Through a series of laboratory experiments, aqueous extracts were prepared from specific plants namely amaranth (Amaranthus spinous L.), neem (Azadiratchta indica L.) wheat millet (Sorghum bicolor), and marigold flower (Tagetes erictus L.). The extracts were tested against carrot weed in the laboratory and pot experiment for their effectiveness in inhibiting the germination and growth of carrot weed seeds under controlled conditions. Leaf extracts at 25, 50, and 100% concentrations were sprayed on four and eight-week seedlings of P. hysterophorus. Distilled water was used as a control. The highest germination percentages were 95.5% and 93.33% in the control treatment for T. erictus flower extract and the leaf extracts respectively. Results showed that all plant extracts tested indicated high inhibition of growth and germination rate of P. hysterophorus. Due to increasing concentrations, from 25 to 100%. However, 100% concentration was more effective in all plant extracts used. Four weeks seedlings were more susceptible to foliar sprays compared with eight weeks seedlings. These findings highlight the potential of using locally available plants to develop eco-friendly strategies for managing carrot weed infestations in the region. Further research is warranted to identify and isolate the active compounds responsible for the observed suppression effects. This study contributes to the knowledge of sustainable weed management practices and underscores the importance of exploring nature-based solutions for agricultural challenges in Tanzania and beyond.
Effect of Bio-fertilizers and Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Toria (Brassica campestris L.)
Authors: Bilal Mohammad Abdul , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur , Pradhan Akhankya
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2022-23 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the Response of bio-fertilizers and phosphorus on growth and yield of Toria. The treatments consist of Bio-fertilizers like Azotobacter – (20g/kg seeds), PSB – (20g/kg seeds), Azotobacter – (10g/kg seeds) + PSB – (10g/kg seeds) and Phosphorus 30, 40, 50 kg/ha. There were 10 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%) available N (163.42 kg/ha), available P (21.96 kg/ha) and available K (256.48 kg/ha). Results revealed that the higher plant height (124.54 cm), higher plant dry weight (25.01 g/plant), higher number of branches 11.71), higher number of siliqua (232.53 cm), higher seeds/siliqua (20.60), higher test weight (3.92 gm), higher grain yield (20.6 q/ha) and higher stover yield (3.70 t/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Azotobacter - (10g/kg seeds) + PSB - (10g/kg seeds) + Phosphorus - 50kg/ha.
Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract Using Bacteria Isolated from Polluted Water as Test Organisms
Authors: Majolagbe Olusola Nathaniel , Ishola Bolatito Motunrayo , Adeyeni Ezekiel Gbadebo
Published: July 2023

Aims: Globally, there is continuous emergence of infectious pathogens. Therefore, there is a need to search for new drug molecules of plant origin such as A. indica which is commonly grown in Nigeria. This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of the leaf extract of A. indica and determining its bioactive molecules.

Study Design: This was an in-vitro laboratory study.

Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out at the Microbial Resources Research Laboratory (MRRL), Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso Nigeria from April 2021 to January 2023.

Methodology: Collected fresh leaves of A. indica were destalked, air dried at 27oC for 10 days, and finally grounded. The dried powders were extracted by maceration using four (4) solvents namely: water (aqueous), methanol, ethyl-acetate, and n-hexane. The leaf extracts were assessed for their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Bioactive molecules present in the leaf extract were determined by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results: It was observed that leaf extracts of A. indica possess bioactive molecules such as Phytol which is over 50% of the total biomolecules present. These biomolecules are responsible for the antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of the extract. The ABTS and DPPH radicals scavenging activities ranged from 24.51 to 90.32 % and 31.79 to 79.59 % respectively. These extracts can be used to mop up free radicals which have damaging effects on the cells of the body. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract for each of the test bacteria isolates varied between 0.05 to 0.8 mg/ml. Thus, the leaf extract of A. indica is a reservoir of bioactive molecules which can be used for novel drug synthesis and discovery.

Conclusion: Thus, leaf extracts of A. indica contain potent biomolecules which can be harnessed for therapeutic use.
Mycotoxin Content of Fungi-Contaminated Sorghum Sold in Selected Markets in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Bamkefa B. A. , Fatoki O. A. , Abiola-Olagunju O. , Duyilemi-Olaniyi A. , Abeeb A. S. , Adediran K. O. , Ajogbeje O. O.
Published: July 2023

Aim: This study sought to evaluate the mycoflora associated with sorghum retailed in some selected markets in Ibadan metropolis and assessing the risks associated with their consumption.

Methodology: Sorghum samples were obtained from Sango, Oja Oba, Ojoo, Bodija and Orita markets in Ibadan, Nigeria. Associated fungi were isolated by direct plating of the sample on Potato Dextrose Agar while they were identified by morphological and microscopic methods. Proximate and aflatoxin content of the samples were determined using standard methods. 

Results: The presence of Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Mucor sp, Penicillium sp, Trichothecium sp, Curvularia sp., Fusarium monoliforme, Alternaria alternata, and P. roqueforti were observed in the samples. Among these, A. flavus and A. niger were the most predominant with occurrence of 34.92% and 23.81% respectively. The aflatoxin analysis showed a concentration ranging from 46 – 102ppb and was highest in samples collected from Ojoo market. Aflatoxin contamination was not detected in sixty percent of the samples collected while samples from Oja Oba and Bodija markets had the most samples contaminated by aflatoxins.

Conclusion: The presence of fungi and aflatoxin was confirmed in some of the samples collected from major markets in Ibadan. This suggests the need for continuous surveillance and the recommendation of measures that will prevent fungal infestation.
Impact of Assistive Listening Devices with Hearing AIDS
Authors: Najeeb S. M. Tarique , Singh Akanksha , Bose Dipak Kumar , Chandel Swati , Gupta Neena
Published: July 2023

Background: Hearing aids plays a significant role in management of hearing loss. Communication technologies when integrated with hearing aids leads to a better understanding of listening and a better outcome in their quality of life.

Objective: To measure the quality of life with the use of Assistive Listening Devices (ALD) when paired with hearing aid.

Methods: Cross sectional study conducted in the Delhi and NCR region across hospitals and clinics. Total 109 participants were included in this study over a period of one year.

Results: Assistive listening devices when used with the hearing aids, participants reported a significant improvement in quality of life.

Conclusion: It is recommended to use ALDs with hearing aids for a satisfactory listening quality which leads to a better quality of life.
Over-the-Counter Oral Contraception as an Opportunity to Reduce Contraceptive Access Inequity
Authors: Brandi Kristyn , Upadhya Krishna K. , Teal Stephanie B.
Published: July 2023

This Viewpoint argues that making a progestin-only contraceptive pill available for sale as an over-the-counter product will help reduce logistic barriers to safe and effective birth control.
Historical change in the Emirati life script
Authors: Camia Christin , Alhallami Ayesha Omran , Alhattali Dhabia Khalid , Al Hosani Badria Mohamed , Bohn Annette
Published: July 2023

Cultural life scripts organize culturally shared expectations regarding order and timing of life events during a prototypical life course. Prior research sustained that the semantic knowledge of cultural life scripts is relatively stable across decades and between age groups, even though this notion had only been investigated in relatively stable societies, and in mostly female samples. Therefore, this study obtained the newborn and elderly Emirati life scripts in an equal number of younger and older women and men. As expected, the Emirati newborn life script displays current Emirati lifestyle and customs. The elderly life script mirrors the traditional Emirati lifestyle; however, much less in the younger than in the older participants. Furthermore, we found differences in the temporal distribution and emotional valence of events between newborn and elderly life scripts. This study implies that cultural life scripts change with cultural transformation, but that adapting life script knowledge may necessitate experience.
Ultra‐Strong Regenerated Wool Keratin Fibers Regulating via Keratin Conformational Transition
Authors: Zhang Liang , Ma Ning , Jia Xiangzheng , Hua Tianjiao , Zhu Jin , Ding Chenbin , Yang Dongzi , Luo Jinrong , Wang Menglei , Luo Jiajun , Li Shuo , Tong Xiaoling , Fan Qiyue , Xia Zhou , Shao Yanyan , Jian Muqiang , Gao Enlai , Shao Yuanlong , Zhang Jin
Published: July 2023

By virtue of remarkable biocompatibility and their promising applications in biomedical fields, biomass‐regenerated fibers, such as wool keratin fiber and cellulose fiber, have attracted extensive attention. However, the insufficient mechanical performance still hinders their yarn manufacturing capability and further large‐scale applications. Herein, an ultra‐strong and ultra‐tough regenerated wool keratin fiber by regulating keratin conformation with high‐quality small‐size graphene (HQSGr) and mechanical training treatment (M‐HQSGr‐RWKF) is fabricated. With the assistance of mechanical training, a small addition of HQSGr (0.1 wt.%) remarkably augments the secondary structure transition from α‐helix to β‐sheet of the keratin, which delivers a tensile strength of 215.4 ± 5.2 MPa, surpassing all reported natural wool and regenerated wool or even poultry fibers. Benefiting from the excellent mechanical strength, wet‐state toughness (158.9 MJ m−3), and recoverable strain (205.0%), M‐HQSGr‐RWKF has been demonstrated as a biocompatible artificial muscle to drive the biomimetic motion, which manifests ultrahigh actuation strain greater than 100.0% and stress of 16.7 MPa. The derived ultra‐strong and ultra‐tough keratin fiber opens a new avenue for developing smart fiber from biomass resources.
Fatigue‐Resistant Conducting Polymer Hydrogels as Strain Sensor for Underwater Robotics
Authors: Zhang Zhilin , Chen Guangda , Xue Yu , Duan Qingfang , Liang Xiangyu , Lin Tao , Wu Zhixin , Tan Yun , Zhao Qi , Zheng Wenqian , Wang Lina , Wang Fucheng , Luo Xiaoyu , Xu Jingkun , Liu Ji , Lu Baoyang
Published: July 2023

Conducting polymer hydrogels are widely used as strain sensors in light of their distinct skin‐like softness, strain sensitivity, and environmental adaptiveness in the fields of wearable devices, soft robots, and human‐machine interface. However, the mechanical and electrical properties of existing conducting polymer hydrogels, especially fatigue‐resistance and sensing robustness during long‐term application, are unsatisfactory, which severely hamper their practical utilities. Herein, a strategy to fabricate conducting polymer hydrogels with anisotropic structures and mechanics is presented through a combined freeze‐casting and salting‐out process. The as‐fabricated conducting polymer hydrogels exhibit high fatigue threshold (>300 J m−2), low Young's modulus (≈100 kPa), as well as long‐term strain sensing robustness (over 10 000 cycles). Such superior performance enables their application as strain sensors to monitor the real‐time movement of underwater robotics. The design and fabrication strategy for conducting polymer hydrogels reported in this study may open up an enticing avenue for functional soft materials in soft electronics and robotics.
Multifunctional Fiber‐Based Optoacoustic Emitter as a Bidirectional Brain Interface
Authors: Zheng Nan , Jiang Ying , Jiang Shan , Kim Jongwoon , Chen Guo , Li Yueming , Cheng Ji‐Xin , Jia Xiaoting , Yang Chen
Published: July 2023

A bidirectional brain interface with both “write” and “read” functions can be an important tool for fundamental studies and potential clinical treatments for neurological diseases. Herein, a miniaturized multifunctional fiber‐based optoacoustic emitter (mFOE) is reported thatintegrates simultaneous optoacoustic stimulation for “write” and electrophysiology recording of neural circuits for “read”. Because of the intrinsic ability of neurons to respond to acoustic wave, there is no requirement of the viral transfection. The orthogonality between optoacoustic waves and electrical field provides a solution to avoid the interference between electrical stimulation and recording. The stimulation function of the mFOE is first validated in cultured ratcortical neurons using calcium imaging. In vivo application of mFOE for successful simultaneous optoacoustic stimulation and electrical recording of brain activities is confirmed in mouse hippocampus in both acute and chronical applications up to 1 month. Minor brain tissue damage is confirmed after these applications. The capability of simultaneous neural stimulation and recording enabled by mFOE opens up new possibilities for the investigation of neural circuits and brings new insights into the study of ultrasound neurostimulation.
Artificial Neural Processing‐Driven Bioelectronic Nose for the Diagnosis of Diabetes and Its Complications
Authors: Jang Woong Bi , Yi Dongwon , Nguyen Thanh Mien , Lee Yujin , Lee Eun Ji , Choi Jaewoo , Kim You Hwan , Choi Eun‐Jung , Oh Jin‐Woo , Kwon Sang‐Mo
Published: July 2023

Diabetes and its complications affect the younger population and are associated with a high mortality rate; however, early diagnosis can contribute to the selection of appropriate treatment regimens that can reduce mortality. Although diabetes diagnosis via exhaled breath has great potential for early diagnosis, research on such diagnosis is restricted to disease detection, requiring in‐depth examination to diagnose and classify diseases and their complications. This study demonstrates the use of an artificial neural processing‐based bioelectronic nose to accurately diagnose diabetes and classify diabetic types (type I and II) and their complications, such as heart disease. Specifically, an M13 phage‐based electronic nose (e‐nose) is used to explore the features of subjects with diabetes at various levels of cellular and organismal organization (cells, liver organoids, and mice). Exhaled breath samples are collected during culturing and exposed to the phage‐based e‐nose. Compared with cells, liver organoids cultured under conditions mimicking a diabetic environment display properties that closely resemble the characteristics of diabetic mice. Using neural pattern separation, the M13 phage‐based e‐nose achieves a classification success rate of over 86% for four conditions in mice, namely, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and cardiomyopathy.
Calcitic Prisms of The Giant SeashellPinna NobilisForm Light Guide Arrays
Authors: Amini Shahrouz , Zhu Tingting , Biswas Abin , Charsooghi Mohammad Avalin , Kim Kyoohyun , Reber Simone , Dauphin Yannicke , Fratzl Peter
Published: July 2023

The shells of thePinnidaefamily are based on a double layer of single‐crystal‐like calcitic prisms and inner aragonitic nacre, a structure known for its outstanding mechanical performance. However, on the posterior side, shells are missing the nacreous layer, which raises the question of whether there can be any functional role in giving up this mechanical performance. Here, it is demonstrated that the prismatic part of thePinna nobilisshell exhibits unusual optical properties, whereby each prism acts as an individual optical fiber guiding the ambient light to the inner shell cavity by total internal reflection. This pixelated light channeling enhances both spatial resolution and contrast while reducing angular blurring, an apt combination for acute tracking of a moving object. These findings offer insights into the evolutionary aspects of light‐sensing and imaging and demonstrate how an architectured optical system for efficient light‐tracking can be based on birefringent ceramics.
d‐Orbital Electron Delocalization Realized by Axial Fe4C Atomic Clusters Delivers High‐Performance Fe–N–C Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yuan Long‐Ji , Liu Bo , Shen Li‐xiao , Dai Yun‐Kun , Li Qi , Liu Chang , Gong Wei , Sui Xu‐Lei , Wang Zhen‐Bo
Published: July 2023

Fe–N–C catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been considered as the most promising nonprecious metal catalyst due to its comparable catalytic performance to Pt in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The active centers of Fe–pyrrolic N4 have been proven to be extremely active for ORR. However, forming a stable Fe–pyrrolic N4 structure is a huge challenge. Here, a Cyan‐Fe–N–C catalyst with Fe–pyrrolic N4 as the intrinsic active center is constructed with the help of axial Fe4C atomic clusters, which shows a half‐wave potential of up to 0.836 V (vs. RHE) in the acid environment. More remarkably, it delivers a high power density of 870 and 478 mW cm−2 at 1.0 bar in H2–O2 and H2–Air fuel cells, respectively. According to theoretical calculation and in situ spectroscopy, the axial Fe4C can provide strong electronic perturbation to Fe–N4 active centers, leading to the d‐orbital electron delocalization of Fe and forming the Fe–pyrrolic N4 bond with high charge distribution, which stabilizes the Fe–pyrrolic N4 structure and optimizes the OH* adsorption during the catalytic process. This work proposes a new strategy to adjust the electronic structure of single‐atom catalysts based on the strong interaction between single atoms and atomic clusters.
Villi Inspired Mechanical Interlocking for Intestinal Retentive Devices
Authors: Naik Durva , Balakrishnan Gaurav , Rajagopalan Mahathy , Huang Xiaozili , Trivedi Nihar , Bhat Arnav , Bettinger Christopher J.
Published: July 2023

Intestinal retentive devices have applications ranging from sustained oral drug delivery systems to indwelling ingestible medical devices. Current strategies to retain devices in the small intestine primarily focus on chemical anchoring using mucoadhesives or mechanical coupling using expandable devices or structures that pierce the intestinal epithelium. Here, the feasibility of intestinal retention using devices containing villi‐inspired structures that mechanically interlock with natural villi of the small intestine is evaluated. First the viability of mechanical interlocking as an intestinal retention strategy is estimated by estimating the resistance to peristaltic shear between simulated natural villi and devices with various micropost geometries and parameters. Simulations are validated in vitro by fabricating micropost array patches via multistep replica molding and performing lap‐shear tests to evaluate the interlocking performance of the fabricated microposts with artificial villi. Finally, the optimal material and design parameters of the patches that can successfully achieve retention in vivo are predicted. This study represents a proof‐of‐concept for the viability of micropost‐villi mechanical interlocking strategy to develop nonpenetrative multifunctional intestinal retentive devices for the future.
Single‐Atom Cu Stabilized on Ultrathin WO2.72 Nanowire for Highly Selective and Ultrasensitive ppb‐Level Toluene Detection
Authors: Wang Peng , Guo Shisong , Hu Zhixiang , Zhou Licheng , Li Tiankun , Pu Shiliang , Mao Hui , Cai Hong , Zhu Zhenfeng , Chen Bingbing , Li Hua‐Yao , Liu Huan
Published: July 2023

Various catalysts are developed to improve the performance of metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, but achieving high selectivity and response intensity in chemiresistive gas sensors (CGSs) remains a significant challenge. In this study, an in situ‐annealing approach to synthesize Cu catalytic sites on ultrathin WO2.72 nanowires for detecting toluene at ultralow concentrations (Ra/Rg = 1.9 at 10 ppb) with high selectivity is developed. Experimental and molecular dynamic studies reveal that the Cu single atoms (SAs) act as active sites, promoting the oxidation of toluene and increasing the affinity of Cu single‐atom catalysts (SACs)‐containing sensing materials for toluene while weakening the association with carbon dioxide or water vapor. Density functional theory studies show that the selective binding of toluene to Cu SAs is due to the favorable binding sites provided by Cu SAs for toluene molecules over other gaseous species, which aids the adsorption of toluene on WO2.72 nanowires. This study demonstrates the successful atomic‐level interface regulation engineering of WO2.72 nanowire‐supported Cu SAs, providing a potential strategy for the development of highly active and durable CGSs.
A discrimination model by machine learning to avoid gastrectomy for early gastric cancer
Authors: Hayashi Tsutomu , Takasawa Ken , Yoshikawa Takaki , Hashimoto Taiki , Sekine Shigeki , Wada Takeyuki , Yamagata Yukinori , Suzuki Haruhisa , Abe Seiichirou , Yoshinaga Shigetaka , Saito Yutaka , Kouno Nobuji , Hamamoto Ryuji
Published: July 2023

Aim

Gastrectomy is recommended for patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) because the possibility of lymph node metastasis (LNM) cannot be completely denied. The aim of this study was to develop a discrimination model to select patients who do not require surgery using machine learning.

Methods

Data from 382 patients who received gastrectomy for gastric cancer and who were diagnosed with pT1b were extracted for developing a discrimination model. For the validation of this discrimination model, data from 140 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic resection followed by gastrectomy, with a diagnosis of pT1b EGC, were extracted. We applied XGBoost to develop a discrimination model for clinical and pathological variables. The performance of the discrimination model was evaluated based on the number of cases classified as true negatives for LNM, with no false negatives for LNM allowed.

Results

Lymph node metastasis was observed in 95 patients (25%) in the development cohort and 11 patients (8%) in the validation cohort. The discrimination model was developed to identify 27 (7%) patients with no indications for additional surgery due to the prediction of an LNM‐negative status with no false negatives. In the validation cohort, 13 (9%) patients were identified as having no indications for additional surgery and no patients with LNM were classified into this group.

Conclusion

The discrimination model using XGBoost algorithms could select patients with no risk of LNM from patients with pT1b EGC. This discrimination model was considered promising for clinical decision‐making in relation to patients with EGC.
Revisiting the diagnosis of Gaucher disease in a family with multiple GBA1 variants
Authors: Ryan Emory , Tayebi Nahid , D'Souza Andrea , Lopez Grisel , Lichtenberg Jens , Sidransky Ellen
Published: July 2023

Our ability to identify different variants in GBA1, the gene mutated in the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD), has greatly improved. We describe a multigenerational family with type 1 GD initially evaluated over three decades ago. Re‐evaluating both the genotype and phenotype, we determined that one family member with genotype N370S/T369M (p.N409S/p.T408M), was likely erroneously diagnosed with GD. This case substantiates that GBA1 variant T369M, while mildly reducing glucocerebrosidase activity, does not result in GD. The observation has clinical relevance as cases with this genotype will increasingly be ascertained through screening programs in newborns and in movement disorder clinics.
Discovery of Two‐dimensional Hexagonal MBene HfBO and Exploration on its Potential for Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Miao Nanxi , Gong Yutong , Zhang Huaiyu , Shen Qing , Yang Rui , Zhou Jianping , Hosono Hideo , Wang Junjie
Published: July 2023

The practical applications of two‐dimensional (2D) transition‐metal borides (MBenes) have been severely hindered by the lack of accessible MBenes because of the difficulties in the selective etching of traditional ternary MAB phases with orthorhombic symmetry (ort‐MAB). Here, we discover a family of ternary hexagonal MAB (h‐MAB) phases and 2D hexagonal MBenes (h‐MBenes) by ab initio predictions and experiments. Calculations suggest that the ternary h‐MAB phases are more suitable precursors for MBenes than the ort‐MAB phases. Based on the prediction, we report the experimental synthesis of h‐MBene HfBO by selective removal of In from h‐MAB Hf2InB2. The synthesized 2D HfBO delivered a specific capacity of 420 mAh g−1 as an anode material in lithium‐ion batteries, demonstrating the potential for energy‐storage applications. The discovery of this h‐MBene HfBO added a new member to the growing family of 2D materials and provided opportunities for a wide range of novel applications.
Wrinkled Hollow Carbon Spheres with Adjustable Diameter for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhao Zihan , Huang Yinshuai , Du Juan , Chen Aibing
Published: July 2023

Creating more pleated and collapsed structures for carbon‐based electrode materials is an important measure to enhance the performance of supercapacitors. Herein, a polymer formed by the aldimine reaction of terephthalaldehyde and aminopropyltriethoxysilane was utilized as the carbon source, and tetraethoxysilane was added as a silica additive to achieve the wrinkled structure on hollow carbon spheres. The silica had a significant modulating effect on the structure of the obtained wrinkled hollow carbon sphere (WHCS), which displayed a visible pleated structure, hollow structure, high specific surface area, and pore volume. As an electrode material for supercapacitors, WHCS exhibits excellent performance with a capacitance of 312 F ⋅ g−1 and remarkable cycle life stability, demonstrating its great potential for use in supercapacitors.
Comparative strengths and challenges on face‐to‐face and computer‐based attention tasks in autistic and neurotypical toddlers
Authors: Sacrey Lori‐Ann R. , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Elshamy Yomna , Smith Isabel M. , Brian Jessica A. , Wass Sam
Published: July 2023

The objectives were to compare patterns of visual attention in toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared to their sex‐ and age‐matched neurotypical (NT) peers. Participants included 23 toddlers with ASD and 19 NT toddlers (mean age: 25.52 versus 25.21 months, respectively) assessed using computerized tasks to measure sustained attention, disengaging attention, and cognitive control, as well as an in‐person task to assess joint attention. Toddlers in the ASD group showed increased looking durations on the sustained attention task, as well as reduced frequencies of responding to and initiating joint attention compared to NT peers, but showed no differences on tasks of disengaging attention and cognitive control. The results suggest that toddlers with ASD have attentional strengths that may provide a foundation for building attention, communicative, and ultimately, academic skills.
Microbial synthetic biology for plant metabolite production: a strategy to reconcile human health with the realization of the UN Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Rojo Fernando Perez , Vuong Paton , Pillow J. Jane , Kaur Parwinder
Published: July 2023

Plants produce a wide range of secondary metabolites that provide an array of benefits for human health. Challenges of native host production systems such as excessive land use, large carbon footprints, long production times, and high production costs often make plant‐based production of these critical metabolites inefficient and unsustainable. Engineered production through microbial‐based synthetic biology offers an alternative method of producing plant compounds that addresses the limitations encountered in plant‐based production. New technological and analytical tools such as bioprospecting, machine learning, and protein modeling can be used to explore biodiversity‐based data to identify more efficient enzymatic sequences for optimizing the production of plant derivatives. Ex planta production using microbial chassis systems provides a flexible, scalable metabolic platform that can more readily integrate new metabolic processes. Potential improvements include increased production rates and enhanced bioavailability of critical compounds, expanding the frontiers of metabolite production for optimized clinical applications. Microbial‐based synthetic biology also opens an avenue for sustainable production, with the capability of modifying the microbial chassis to accommodate a wide variety of substrates for feedstock. It includes the utilization of waste from human activities as carbon sources for production, presenting an opportunity to use cheap renewable resources for greener production methods. The benefits of ex planta production systems can potentially enable the efficient, scalable, and sustainable production of plant derivatives that may vastly improve health and help bring forward the realization of the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Digital innovations for micro, small and medium enterprises in the net zero economy: A strategic perspective
Authors: Sonar Harshad , Ghag Nikhil , Kharde Yashomandira , Singodia Mamta
Published: July 2023

In order to achieve a net zero economy, there must be a thorough digital revolution where sustainability is given top priority by spurring innovation, generating efficiencies, and improving services. Data show that digitalization is essential to reaching sustainable development goals as the world community struggles to meet the urgent need to combat climate change. Therefore, this study aims at identifying important barriers to digital innovation for MSMEs in a net‐zero economy. This study used past academic literature and the fuzzy‐Delphi method to identify important barriers and the weighted influence nonlinear gauge system (WINGS) method to prioritize and develop contextual relationships between identified barriers. As per the findings, lack of organizational resources and support is the most crucial barrier to digital innovation. This is followed by challenges in designing a digital strategy. The novelty of this study is the identification of digital innovation barriers for MSMEs from net‐zero perspectives and prioritizing them using the WINGS method. This work will help practitioners to define clear organizational policies on digital innovation which will offer great promise for MSMEs to increase their performance.