ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ УСЛОВИЙ МУЛЬТИПЛИКАЦИИ И ДЛИТЕЛЬНОГО ПОДДЕРЖАНИЯ В КУЛЬТУРЕ IN VITRO ОБРАЗЦОВ РАЗНОВОЗРАСТНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА ДУБА ЧЕРЕШЧАТОГО
Authors: Гусева О.Ю. 
Published: February 2025

В связи с невозможностью размножения взрослых деревьев дуба черешчатого традиционным черенкованием, весьма актуальным является применение метода культуры тканей с целью сохранения ценных экземпляров. Изучен регенерационный потенциал эксплантов дуба в зависимости от состава питательной среды и возраста исходного для клонального микроразмножения материала. При культивировании узловых сегментов на модифицированной среде BTM с аденином отмечались высокие показатели роста и жизнеспособность микропобегов в течение всего периода экспериментов (1–1,5 года), что позволяет рассматривать данный состав подходящим для поддержания постоянной коллекции in vitro селекционных объектов дуба черешчатого.

Introduction. In recent decades, many scientists raise the problem of reducing the quality of oak forests. Rapid processes of weakening and drying of the stand are caused by a number of reasons: infection with pathogens, unfavourable environmental factors, and anthropogenic burden. Restoration of oak forests is a difficult task due to the lack of acorns of high breeding quality and a labor-intensive process of traditional vegetative propagation (cuttings). The method of clonal micropropagation is already widely used in the agriculture for the production of many sorts of herbaceous plants. However, for the majority woody species (English oak is included), this method of propagation is still not implemented into practice due to the lack of knowledge for the optimization of cultivation conditions in vitro. The study was conducted in order to select the growing medium for working out the multiplication stage with the possibility of a long-term storage of oak plantations in vitro. Objects and methods of research. The author used two-month-old seedlings and 20- and 40-year-old age trees for the study. Seven variants of BTM growing medium were tested for the induction of shoots and their multiplication. Results and discussion.Juvenile explants had a high regenerative capacity. However, the composition of the nutrient medium significantly affected the rate of development of axillary shoots. It was found that the primary shoots in explants of seedlings most actively developed in a nutrient medium BTM + 0.2 mg/l of BAP, 30 g/l of sucrose, 2 mg/l of ascorbic acid when using this composition during the entire period of shoot elongation (2 cycles of micro-cutting). At the stage of multiplication (all types of explants) as well as during the cultivation of adult oak segments, high morphogenic activity of regenerants was preserved by adding adenine (6-aminopurine) in the nutrient medium. Conclusion. Thus, the height of shoots during multiple passivation for juvenile and adult material had approximately the same values (27.0-32.0 mm), the differences were observed only in the value of multiplication coefficient (4.7 - for seedlings and 1.2-3.0 - for adult trees). Based on the results obtained, the most optimal composition of the modified nutrient medium is proposed for effective reproduction and maintenance of valuable samples of English oak in vitro.