bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Data Stream Ensemble Assisted Multifactorial Evolutionary Algorithm for Offline Data-Driven Dynamic Optimization
Authors: Yang Cuie , Ding Jinliang , Jin Yaochu , Chai Tianyou
Published: May 2023

Existing work on offline data-driven optimization mainly focuses on problems in static environments, and little attention has been paid to problems in dynamic environments. Offline data-driven optimization in dynamic environments is a challenging problem because the distribution of collected data varies over time, requiring surrogate models and optimal solutions tracking with time. This paper proposes a knowledge-transfer-based data-driven optimization algorithm to address these issues. First, an ensemble learning method is adopted to train surrogate models to leverage the knowledge of data in historical environments as well as adapt to new environments. Specifically, given data in a new environment, a model is constructed with the new data, and the preserved models of historical environments are further trained with the new data. Then, these models are considered to be base learners and combined as an ensemble surrogate model. After that, all base learners and the ensemble surrogate model are simultaneously optimized in a multitask environment for finding optimal solutions for real fitness functions. In this way, the optimization tasks in the previous environments can be used to accelerate the tracking of the optimum in the current environment. Since the ensemble model is the most accurate surrogate, we assign more individuals to the ensemble surrogate than its base learners. Empirical results on six dynamic optimization benchmark problems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared with four state-of-the-art offline data-driven optimization algorithms. Code is available at https://github.com/Peacefulyang/DSE_MFS.git.
Review of Euchromadorinae (Nematoda: Chromadorida) with description of a new species of Trochamus Boucher & De Bovée, 1971 from the Sundarban, India
Authors: DATTA TRIDIP KUMAR , AL-HELAL MD. ABDULLAH
Published: May 2023

Diagnostic characters for all 11 valid genera of Euchromadorinae are presented with taxonomic key on the basis of morphology of male copulatory apparatus, cuticular pattern, amphideal fovea, and buccal onchia. The key to the species of Trochamus spp. is also constructed with the description of T. timmi sp. n. from the mud-flat of Sundarban, India. The newly described species is different from other Trochamus spp. on the basis of the appearance of lateral differentiation of cuticle, long curved spicule, simple gubernaculum and the presence of pre-cloacal modification in male.
Comparison of the structure and musculature of male terminalia in the genera Chloroclystis Hübner, Sigilliclystis Galsworthy, and Ziridava Walker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae)
Authors: SCHMIDT OLGA
Published: May 2023

The structure and musculature of the male terminalia are described in three type species of the eupitheciine genera Chloroclystis Hübner, Sigilliclystis Galsworthy, and Ziridava Walker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae). The following traits are characteristic for all three genera: (1) the tergal flexors of the valvae, muscles m4 running to the medial part of the transtilla or membrane anterior to the transtilla; (2) the sternal extensors of the valvae, muscles m8(3), broadly running to the inner wall of the saccus, with long lateral bundles; (3) the twisted muscles m7(6) running from the lower margin of the saccus. The peculiar structure of the transtilla is described and illustrated.
Diagnostic Peritoneal Aspiration or Lavage in Stratified Groups of Hypotensive Blunt Trauma Patients
Authors: Aryan Negaar , Grigorian Areg , Kong Allen , Schubl Sebastian , Dolich Matthew , Santos Jeffrey , Lekawa Michael , Nahmias Jeffry
Published: May 2023

Background

Some reports suggest Diagnostic peritoneal aspiration (DPA) or lavage (DPL) may better select which hypotensive blunt trauma patients (BTPs) require operation, compared to ultrasonography. However, whether both moderately hypotensive (systolic blood pressure [SBP] < 90 mmHg) and severely hypotensive (SBP < 70 mmHg) patients benefit from DPA/DPL is unclear. We hypothesized DPA/DPL used within the first hour increases risk of death for severely vs moderately hypotensive BTPs.

Methods

The 2017-2019 Trauma Quality Improvement Program database was queried for BTPs ≥ 18 years old with hypotension upon arrival. We compared moderately and severely hypotensive groups. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed controlling for age, comorbidities, emergent operation, blood transfusions, and injury profile.

Results

From 134 hypotensive patients undergoing DPA/DPL, 66 (49.3%) had severe hypotension. Patients in both groups underwent an emergent operation (43.9% vs 58.8%, P = .09) in a similar amount of time (median, 42-min vs 54-min, P = .11). Compared to the moderately hypotensive group, severely hypotensive patients had a higher rate and associated risk of death (84.8% vs 50.0%, P < .001) (OR 5.40, CI 2.07-14.11, P < .001). The strongest independent risk factor for death was age ≥ 65 (OR 24.81, CI 4.06-151.62, P < .001).

Discussion

Among all BTPs undergoing DPA/DPL within the first hour of arrival, an over 5-fold increased risk of death for patients with severe hypotension was demonstrated. As such, DPA/DPL within this group should be used with caution, particularly for older patients, as they may be better served by immediate surgeries. Future prospective research is needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the ideal DPA/DPL population in the modern era of ultrasonography.
Economic Inequality and Political Participation in East Asian Democracies: The Role of Perceived Income Inequality and Intergenerational Mobility
Authors: Kim Mi-son , Kim Dongkyu , Lee Sang-Jic
Published: May 2023

This study examines how perceptions of economic inequality affect political participation focusing on East Asian democracies. It develops nuanced predictions on how perceptions of income inequality and social mobility and their interplay affect individuals’ engagement in various types of political activities in six East Asian democracies. Using the fourth wave of the Asian Barometer Survey, we examine novel arguments built upon the existing inequality-participation nexus. Our analysis suggests that inequality is a multifaceted concept, and the mechanisms of the inequality-participation nexus could vary depending on the regional, socioeconomic, and political context.
Resource Capacity Assessment of Lower-Tier Health Institutions and Delivery of Responsive Care-Given Within Ghana’s Decentralised Healthcare System
Authors: Salifu Baba , Osei-Wusu Adjei Prince , Buor Daniel , Serbeh Richard
Published: May 2023

This study examined the capacity of decentralised health institutions at the Sunyani Municipality for responsive healthcare delivery, through the case study design. A sample size of 102 individuals comprising 60 household respondents and 42 healthcare staff were involved. Interviews and observations were used to collect data from the respondents. The human resource capacity of the health facilities was found to be adequate for responsive healthcare delivery; however, these successes were diminished by limited financial and material resource availability. The study concludes that disproportionate resource capacity is counterproductive; thus, the government should increase its health sector financial and material resource allocations.
Modi’s US Foreign Policy: Strategic Autonomy Redefined
Authors: Khurshid Imran
Published: May 2023

Since Narendra Modi came to power, there has been an upswing in the strategic ties between India and the United States. Historically, non-alignment and, later, strategic autonomy in India’s foreign policy discourse have been defined in opposition to the United States. India’s foreign policy has been held back from pursuing greater strategic alignment with the United States due to its anti-American prejudice. The paper contends that, Modi has redefined the ideological framework of strategic autonomy from non-alignment to issue-based alignment, which also entails cooperating closely with the United States pertaining to the strategic threats it confronts from China in the wider Indo-Pacific region. The paper argues that Modi believes pursuing closer strategic alignment with the United States enhances India’s “strategic autonomy,” vis-à-vis the strategic threats that it confronts. Modi has also abandoned the practice of taking ideological stands and instead redefined strategic autonomy in terms of pursuing India’s national interests. The major finding of the paper is that Modi has redefined the strategic autonomy on purely realistic grounds and has strengthened the strategic ties with the United States.
Fractures within Fair Housing: The Battle for the Memory and Legacy of the Long Fair Housing Movement
Authors: Nelson Nichole
Published: May 2023

This article examines how white supremacy diluted the nationwide struggle to eliminate racial residential segregation known as the Fair Housing Movement. As the sole civil rights organization dedicated to fair housing, the National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing (NCDH) fought valiantly to help African Americans buy homes in white neighborhoods and generated the political momentum necessary for the passage of fair housing laws from 1950 through 1987. However, it also disseminated a moderate vision of fair housing that depended on white Americans’ comfort. This vision left the NCDH vulnerable to criticism from Progressive and Black Power fair housing activists who believe in fair housing on African Americans’ terms or advocate for reinvestment in African American neighborhoods. Although these factions remain ignored and underfunded, they challenge the notion of a unified national Fair Housing Movement and offer an alternative, more equitable vision of this often-overlooked portion of the Civil Rights Movement.
Event-triggered control of Markov jump systems with partially unknown transition rates under time-varying delay and deception attacks
Authors: Li Hongchao , Feng Qiang , Gao Hongjie
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates the event-triggered synthesis problem of Markov jump system with partially unknown transition rates under time-varying delay and deception attacks. A mode-dependent event-triggered scheme is adopted between sensor and controller to reduce the amount of signal transmission. A set of sufficient conditions, including constraints of deception attacks, is provided. Asymptotically stable criteria in mean square sense for Markov jump system with partially unknown transition rate under deception attacks are derived for the first time. Moreover, the parameters of mode-dependent event-triggered scheme and the gains of the controller can be obtained simultaneously. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
A novel elliptic trajectory formula for active RSSI-based antenna tracking algorithm
Authors: Iscan Mehmet , Tas Ali Ihsan , Gurkan Berkay , Yilmaz Cuneyt
Published: May 2023

In this study, a novel received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based tracking algorithm for antenna tracker systems utilizing directional antennas is proposed. This system has two sequential phases, which are the “Full Area Scan Phase” and the “Active RSSI-Based Tracking Phase” with a unique elliptic trajectory formula for generating an original two-dimensional (2D) RSSI map to detect the maximum signal. An elliptic trajectory paves the way for splitting RSSI measurements into specific regions equally on this map in which any disturbance and noises are eliminated. The proposed method do not require any telemetry data or multiple receivers for antennas. The simulation results showed that the algorithm attained to 98 % accuracy with respect to the Global Positioning System (GPS)-based ones. In real-world experiments, it captures the first handshake signal within 6 seconds even when the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) positions are uncertain. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that this novel technique can provide a continuous tracking at high resolution with the error value of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the elevation and azimuth axes, respectively, compared with the GPS-based one. In conclusion, the simulation and test studies indicated that the proposed method could achieve a higher precision tracking with its advantages against the former methods.
The Social Context of Mistreatment: An Integrative Review
Authors: Kawasaki Shota , Shaw Jason D.
Published: May 2023

Management scholars have examined various kinds of workplace mistreatment. These investigations and empirical summaries of the literature show that personal experience of mistreatment at work creates a variety of deleterious problems such as more negative job attitudes, lower performance, and poorer health. The bulk of the literature assumes that the key cause-effect relationship resides at the individual level. However, individuals do not experience mistreatment in a vacuum, but rather in a complex social environment that shapes interpretations of, and reactions to, individual mistreatment. In this integrative review, we depart from prior reviews that focus primarily on personal experiences of mistreatment and instead evaluate the literature on mistreatment in the context of others’ negative experiences. Analyzing 64 empirical articles on own and others’ mistreatment at work, we identify six key theoretical perspectives concerning how others’ experiences shape individual reactions to mistreatment. We then develop a sensemaking and social information processing framework for understanding mistreatment in context. We conclude the article by discussing theoretical and methodological recommendations for future research.
Firms’ Sustainability Marketing Commitment: The Roles of Chief Marketing Officers’ Future Focus and Prosocial Motivation
Authors: Thu Nguyen N. Q. , Kadirov Djavlonbek , Fam Kim-Shyan , Tho Nguyen Dinh
Published: May 2023

Drawing upon the time perspective and self-determination theories, this study examined the role of two personal resources of chief marketing officers (CMOs), including future focus and prosocial motivations (pleasure-based and pressure-based), in firms’ sustainability marketing commitment in Vietnam, an emerging and transitioning market. The results produced by structural equation modeling, based on a sample of 286 CMOs of firms, revealed that CMOs’ future focus had a positive effect on firms’ sustainability marketing commitment. In addition, pleasure-based and pressure-based motivations partially mediated the relationship between CMOs’ future focus and firms’ sustainability marketing commitment. The results produced by necessary condition analysis demonstrated that, among three CMOs’ personal resources, only CMOs’ pleasure-based prosocial motivation plays the role of a necessary condition for the presence of firms’ sustainability marketing commitment. The study findings highlight the role of CMOs’ personal resources in achieving sustainability marketing of firms in emerging and transitioning markets.
Executive-centered AI? Designing predictive systems for the public sector
Authors: Henriksen Anne , Blond Lasse
Published: May 2023

Recent policies and research articles call for turning AI into a form of IA (‘intelligence augmentation’), by envisioning systems that center on and enhance humans. Based on a field study at an AI company, this article studies how AI is performed as developers enact two predictive systems along with stakeholders in public sector accounting and public sector healthcare. Inspired by STS theories about values in design, we analyze our empirical data focusing especially on how objectives, structured performances, and divisions of labor are built into the two systems and at whose expense. Our findings reveal that the development of the two AI systems is informed by politically motivated managerial interests in cost-efficiency. This results in AI systems that are (1) designed as managerial tools meant to enable efficiency improvements and cost reductions, and (2) enforced on professionals on the ‘shop floor’ in a top-down manner. Based on our findings and a discussion drawing on literature on the original visions of human-centered systems design from the 1960s, we argue that turning AI into IA seems dubious, and ask what human-centered AI really means and whether it remains an ideal not easily realizable in practice. More work should be done to rethink human-machine relationships in the age of big data and AI, in this way making the call for ethical and responsible AI more genuine and trustworthy.
Spiritual Victimology: Basic Principles
Authors: Eytan Sharon , Ronel Natti
Published: May 2023

This study aims to describe the spiritual characteristics of sexual victimization and the recovery journey of survivors via applying spiritual principles, in order to harness the findings for the development of the theory of Spiritual Victimology. Two research questions were asked: what spiritual principles characterize victimization and recovery from it, and how can spiritual perceptions assist survivors? In a phenomenological study, 17 sexual trauma survivors who view their recovery as a spiritual journey, 10 spiritually-oriented therapists, and 9 spiritual leaders were interviewed. Findings show that a unique, victimized self-centeredness characterized sexual trauma, attaching survivors to a victim identity. By applying spiritual principles, the survivors were gradually opened up to love and developed a new, spiritual sense of self, with better inter- and intra-personal connections, as well as a transpersonal one. This connection was perceived as highly important to survivors’ recovery, freeing them from loneliness and isolation, and helping them to restore some order to the chaos which the trauma and its consequences had imposed on their lives.
Adaptable state-controlled market actors: Underwriters and investors in the market of local government bonds in China
Authors: Li Zhenfa , Wu Fulong , Zhang Fangzhu
Published: May 2023

Local government bonds (LGBs) have become the most important tool of the Chinese state for financing infrastructure projects. The underwriters and investors in LGBs are mostly commercial banks, with state actors holding the overwhelming majority of shares. We call these state-controlled market actors. This article investigates the role of state-controlled market actors in LGB issuance to extend the understanding of state actors and state–market relations in the financialisation of urban governance. The findings show that they underwrite and invest in LGBs to support the government's development objectives and make profits. They can hardly affect the government to create the terms and conditions of bonds to favour their financial interests, but they manage to make substantial profits. They follow the policy trends to identify LGBs as risk-free and reflexively change their investment priority towards the bonds. Due to the low interest rates, the banks mainly profit from bond trading in the secondary market and fiscal fund investment. There are preferential policies for LGB trading in the secondary market, and local governments deposit fiscal funds in the banks to motivate them to do LGB business. We argue that reflexively making investment decisions according to the policy environment and making profits by exploiting political resources represented by preferential policies and fiscal funds show the adaptability of the state-controlled market actors.
Extending the English Pale: Berminghams’ Country, and the Rise of Sir William Bermingham, Baron of Carbury (c.1485–1548)
Authors: Ellis Steven G.
Published: May 2023

Recent arguments for a shrinking, increasingly ‘gaelicised’ Pale have disguised the fact that the English Pale was expanding under the early Tudors. Piecemeal conquests by the Kildare earls from Irish chiefs extended its boundaries significantly, while marcher lineages like the Berminghams were also rehabilitated as loyal English subjects. English rule and law were restored across Berminghams’ country, English culture and identity were everywhere promoted across the Pale, additional land and people were incorporated, English manorialism restored, and tillage extended. The Pale's supposed ‘gaelicisation’ saw Irish ‘earthtillers’ now ‘sworn English’, undertake English jury and military service, and defend their manorial villages with English longbows. The reward for loyalty and service of William Bermingham, captain of his nation, was ennoblement as 1st baron of Carbury.
Radiographic Incidence of Knee Osteoarthritis After Isolated ACL Reconstruction Versus Combined ACL and ALL Reconstruction: A Prospective Matched Study From the SANTI Study Group
Authors: Shatrov Jobe , Freychet Benjamin , Hopper Graeme P. , Coulin Benoit , El Helou Abdo , An Jae-Sung , Vieira Thais Dutra , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand
Published: May 2023

Background:

Combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) and anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) have demonstrated reduced risk of graft rerupture as compared with isolated ACLR. However, concerns remain that the risk of osteoarthritis (OA) may be increased by the addition of ALLR.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of OA with isolated ACLR in comparison with ACLR + ALLR at medium-term follow-up. We hypothesized that there would be no differences between the groups.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients who underwent ACLR + ALLR with hamstring tendon autograft between January 2011 and March 2012 were propensity matched to patients who underwent isolated ACLR with bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) or hamstring tendon autograft in the same period. Medium-term radiographic evaluation was performed using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) radiographic OA grading scale, modified Kellgren-Lawrence grade, and the surface fit method to assess percentage of joint space narrowing. Clinical outcomes were assessed with the following measures: IKDC, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Lysholm, Tegner, and ACL Return to Sport after Injury.

Results:

A total of 80 patients (42 ACLR + ALLR and 38 isolated ACLR) were analyzed with a mean follow-up of 104 months. There was no significant difference between groups for joint space narrowing in the medial or lateral tibiofemoral or lateral patellofemoral (PF) compartment. However, 36.8% in the isolated ACLR group versus 11.9% in the ACLR + ALLR group had narrowing of the medial PF compartment ( P = .0118). A lateral meniscal tear increased the risk of lateral tibiofemoral narrowing by nearly 5 times (odds ratio, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.547-19.367; P = .0123). The risk of medial PF narrowing was >4-fold with an isolated ACLR (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.44-19.05; P = .0179). Between the isolated ACLR group and the ACLR + ALLR group, the secondary meniscectomy rate was 13.2% versus 11.9% (not significantly different). There was no difference between groups in KOOS, Tegner, or IKDC scores. There was also no difference between groups for grades of osteoarthritic change for any classification system. Patients who received a BPTB graft had medial PF joint narrowing in 66.7% of cases as compared with 11.9% in those who received ACLR + ALLR ( P = 0.118).

Conclusion:

ACLR + ALLR did not increase the risk of OA in the lateral tibiofemoral compartment when compared with an isolated ACLR at medium-term follow-up. Isolated ACLR using BPTB was associated with a significantly increased risk of medial PF joint space narrowing.

Registration:

NCT05123456 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Contextual Factors Influencing Production, Distribution, and Consumption of Nutrient-Rich Foods in Bihar, India: A Qualitative Study of Constraints and Facilitators
Authors: Travasso Sandra M. , Thomas Tinku , Makkar Sanchit , John Anjaly Teresa , Webb Patrick , Swaminathan Sumathi
Published: May 2023

Background:

Production-to-consumption linkages are important to improve consumption of nutrient-rich foods to tackle malnutrition. However, understanding specific contextual factors influencing production, distribution, and consumption in rural communities is necessary.

Objective:

To explore household-, farm-, and market-level factors affecting consumption of nutrient-rich foods among producer and nonproducer households in Bihar, India.

Methods:

We conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) in producer and nonproducer households of Gaya and Nalanda districts in Bihar to examine factors affecting production and consumption of red lentils, green leafy vegetables (GLVs), milk, eggs, and chicken. Through the KIIs, we identified distribution chains and elicited market-level challenges faced by producers, sellers, and consumers. Data were translated, transcribed, and analyzed thematically using NVivo version 9.

Results:

Findings from 27 FGDs indicate that consumers and producers were aware of the importance of nutrient-rich foods to health and the necessity of prioritizing their consumption in children. Food preferences, social factors, seasons, religions, and livestock epidemics influenced consumption. Among producers, consumption was mainly dependent on own production. Nonproducers perceived that production could help overcome the barrier of affordability and improve consumption. Data from 69 KIIs indicated that markets were unfavorable in terms of profitability for producers, spoilage and losses for market players, issues of accessibility, and availability for consumers.

Conclusions:

A local context-specific multipronged approach such as understanding sociocultural factors, own production, and local markets influencing consumption needs to be examined further to improve consumption of nutrient-rich foods among agricultural communities in India.
Constructing and evaluating the effect of micron-scale structures on von Willebrand factor damage
Authors: Mei Xu , Jiang Qiubo , Huan Nana , He Haidong , Zhang Liudi
Published: May 2023

The incidence of clinical complication gastrointestinal bleeding has been proved as consequence of von Willebrand factor (VWF) damage after mechanical circulatory support in clinic. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate VWF damage, of which the most studied influencing factors are mechanical factors such as shear stress. However, in addition to mechanical factors, VWF damage may also be affected by interface factors. To address this issue, a roller pump circulation platform was established to investigate the effect of material surface micron-scale structures distribution on VWF damage in flow state. A composite micro-structure combining microngrating and micronpost was designed and constructed on the surface of Si wafer by lithography and reactive ion etching, and detailed characterization of material surfaces was also performed. Then the changes of VWF antigen, VWF ristocetin cofactor activity, and the degradation of high molecular weight VWF on these surfaces were investigated and compared. The results showed that, with the encryption of surface micro-structures arrangement, the material surface tends to be more hydrophobic, which is beneficial to reduce VWF damage. Therefore, in the design of material surface inside the mechanical circulatory support devices, it can be considered to add some surface micro-structures with a certain distribution density to change the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, so as to minimize the VWF damage. These results can provide important references for the evaluation of VWF damage caused by interface factors, and aid in designing material surface inside the mechanical circulatory support devices.
Exploring the Age-Old Question: What Is the Predictive Value of EEG for Future Epilepsy in Children With Complex Febrile Seizures?
Authors: Choudhari Purva R. , Lowden Andrea , Dolce Alison
Published: May 2023

Children with complex febrile seizures (CFS) have increased risk for the development of epilepsy, but varying prognostic value has been ascribed to abnormal post-CFS electroencephalograms (EEGs). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 621 children with post-CFS EEGs and identified an association between CFS and midline-vertex discharges, which were present in 52% of the 56 EEGs with interictal epileptiform discharges. Among patients who completed at least 1 year of follow-up, 24.7% subsequently developed epilepsy. Most patients had normal EEGs but 20% had interictal epileptiform discharges. Midline-vertex discharges were seen at a similar rate in children who did not develop epilepsy (55%) and those who developed epilepsy (45%). The development of epilepsy was not associated with any interictal epileptiform discharge localization. Logistic regression modeling identified 4 predictors of future epilepsy: >3 febrile seizures in 24 hours, interictal epileptiform discharges during post-CFS EEG, family history of afebrile seizures, and age of CFS onset ≥ 3 years.
Two Peas in a Pod? Development of Twin Relationships in Light of Twins’ Temperament Differences
Authors: Segal Hila , Gutermann Shifra , Knafo-Noam Ariel
Published: May 2023

This study examines the hypothesis that temperamental (dis)similarity is associated with twin relationship quality. In a longitudinal study that followed 322 monozygotic twins (who share close to 100% of their genes) and 1199 dizygotic twins (who on average, share 50% of their segregating genes) throughout childhood, mothers ( N = 1547) and fathers ( N = 536) reported on their twins’ relationships on at least one of four measurement points when the twins were between 3 and 8–9 years of age. Mothers also reported on the twins’ temperament. Negative associations were found between reports by both parents on the twins’ closeness and their temperament difference throughout childhood, while positive associations were found between twins’ conflict and their temperament difference in late childhood. Latent growth modeling indicated that the association between temperament differences and the twins’ mother-reported closeness was evident beyond the effect of zygosity. A different pattern was found for twin conflict: the more the twins differed in their temperament (specifically negative emotionality) with age, the more the conflict between them increased. Our findings support the hypothesis that personality similarities can contribute to positive relationships from early childhood, and vice versa, beyond the effect of genetic similarity.
Fatigue optimization of shock absorber coupling rod bracket based on ARIZ and finite element analysis
Authors: Zhenhuan Yu , Na Zhang
Published: May 2023

Coupling rod bracket, which responds for connecting shock absorbers to coupling rods, is one of safety related parts in vehicle suspensions. During vehicle maneuvering, coupling road bracket will suffer the dynamic load caused by uneven roads. Fatigue life bench test shows that the cracks around bracket holes are unacceptable, which is a security risk. Therefore, in this paper, ARIZ (Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving) algorithm is employed to generate optimization schemes. Further, finite element analysis was applied to compare pre-optimized and optimized solutions, which will give the optimal solution of coupling rod bracket. Finally, fatigue life bench tests were carried out to verify the optimized shock absorber coupling rod bracket. Simulation results show that 39% reduction in stress concentration of the optimized coupling rod bracket can be realized based on the proposed optimization scheme. Experimental results show that the bracket crack is less than 5 mm which can eventually satisfy customer requirements. Research in this paper finally indicates the applicability and reliability of the proposed ARIZ and finite element based method in the actual production process.
‘[P]aying back to the community and to the British people’: Migration as transactional discourse in curated stories by UK charity organisations
Authors: Lampropoulou Sofia , Johnson Paige
Published: May 2023

This study explores migrant identity construction in the curated stories of UK-based charity organisations. Drawing upon the paradigms of critical discourse analysis and narrative positioning, we demonstrate how the construction of migrant identities as successful, fulfilled, grateful and resilient reproduce a migration as transaction discourse. We problematise these representations as prerequisites to migrants’ acceptance, given that they not only speak to the neoliberal, neo-assimilatory paradigm of wider integration debates in UK public discourse, but also conflict with the overtly philanthropic aims of the charity organisations. The curated stories are, thus, transformed into sites of liquid racism in their entanglement of declared antiracist, covertly racist, positionings of migrants in the UK context. Our work contributes to the body of research that aims to scrutinise the largely unexamined work of institutionalised social actors who aim to ‘do the right thing’ by calling for greater reflexivity and the need for critical dialogue in order to unpack the embeddedness of antiracism in racism.
ENSO-related centennial and millennial-scale hydroclimate changes recorded from Lake Xiaolongchi in arid Central Asia over the past 8000 years
Authors: He Peizheng , Liu Xingqi , Sun Huanyu , Feng Shengnan , Mao Xin
Published: May 2023

Climate changes on different timescales and their mechanisms are of great importance in arid Central Asia (ACA). However, the contribution of El Niño−Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to Holocene hydroclimate in ACA on centennial and millennial timescales is limited by records with good age control and high temporal resolution. Here, we present high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning data of a sediment core from Lake Xiaolongchi in central Tianshan Mountains to reconstruct hydroclimate changes in ACA over the last 8000 years. Our construction exhibits that the climate was dry from 8000 to 5500 cal year BP and wet from 5500 to 0 cal year BP, which resembles ENSO patterns on a millennial timescale. On the centennial timescale, hydroclimate fluctuations with eight wet periods, seven dry periods, and a shift period have a significant 800-year periodicity, coincident with periodic ENSO variance. The positive relationship between 800-year band-pass filtered hydroclimate and ENSO indicates that wet (dry) climate conditions correspond to increased (reduced) ENSO activity. We propose that the spatial pattern of “wet (dry) southern China and ACA, and dry (wet) northern China” during the El Niño-like (La Niña-like) condition may exist during the Holocene on millennial to centennial timescales.
The everydayness of spectacle violence under the Islamic Republic: ‘Fire at will’
Authors: Soleimani Kamal , Mohammadpour Ahmad
Published: May 2023

On 17 June 2017, Ali Khamenei, the supreme leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, called on pro-regime vigilantes to ‘fire at will’ or to act on their own discretion in putting the state’s Islamic teaching into practice without the need to consult either their superiors or the relevant authorities. Our article argues that, since 1979, the policy of ‘firing at will’ has been the defining feature of the Islamic Republic’s model of governance and corresponds to the spirit of its constitution. Inspired by the scholarship on disciplinary policies, this article seeks to contextualize the ‘firing at will’ policy within the ethno-religious and racial discourse embodied in and warranted by the Islamic Republic’s constitution. Finally, by discussing the state’s violent treatment of Kurdish kolbers (cross-border laborers), we will show how the Iranian state’s internal colonial policies have engendered a state of exception and normalized the daily spectacle of violence in Eastern Kurdistan.
Parental Burnout, Quality of Life, and Pregnancy During COVID-19
Authors: Holmes Courtney , Iwanaga Kanako
Published: May 2023

Background: Parents may be at greater risk to experience parental burnout after experiencing challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the unique experiences of parents with young children during the first two years of the pandemic, this study explored the relationship between parental burnout, quality of life (QOL), and perceived threat of COVID-19 among a sample of adults who parented at least one child under the age of five. Method: A brief survey was conducted through convenience sampling (N = 48) and included the Brief Parental Burnout Scale, The QOL Scale, and a perceived COVID threat scale. Results: Logistic regression analysis found that pregnancy was a significant predictor of burnout risk even after controlling other effects on burnout risk. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the pandemic negatively impacted parental burnout and pregnancy during the first 2 years of the pandemic increased risk for burnout. Awareness is important for appropriate assessment and intervention by clinicians.
Correlation Between Clinical and Histological Features of Dermatopathic Lymphadenopathy: Analysis of 39 Lymph Nodes
Authors: Demіr Damla , İhvan Ayşenur , Aktaş Ezgi , Zemheri Ebru , Zindanci İlkin
Published: May 2023

Background. Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy is a well-defined histopathological entity with an underestimated prevalence in the general population. Objective. The present study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of histologically diagnosed cases of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy at our unit. We also aimed to investigate any association between the clinical features of the patients and the histological findings. Methods. A total of 39 lymph node samples from 39 patients diagnosed with dermatopathic lymphadenopathy were included in this prospective cohort study. Results. Thirty-four (87%) patients had a dermatological disorder. The presence of paracortical eosinophils were significantly higher in patients with dermatological disorders ( P = .001), while the presence of dilated sinuses was significantly more common in patients without a dermatological disorder ( P = .035). The presence of dilated sinuses and medullary histiocytes were significantly more common in patients with lower body surface area involvement of the disease compared to the ones with a higher body surface area ( P = .003, P = .034; respectively). Conclusion. Most of the patients included in the study had one of a broad spectrum of undiagnosed dermatological disorders. The clinical significance of the relation between histological and clinical findings in dermatopathic lymphadenopathy remains to be explained. Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy should always be considered in differential diagnoses of patients with persistent lymph node enlargement even when absolute dermatological disorders are not present. Since various skin disorders may be the cause of lymphadenopathy, performing a full-body examination before lymph node excision might prevent unneccessary procedures.
Dry eye and cataract surgery: Narrative review and recommendations for management
Authors: Villani Edoardo , Catania Anton Giulio , Luccarelli Saverio Vincenzo , Magnani Fabrizio , Martone Gianluca , Zanzottera Emma , Lagali Neil
Published: May 2023

Cataract surgery is the most frequently performed surgical procedure in the elderly in Western countries and patients’ expectations for postoperative outcomes are very high.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common multifactorial symptomatic disease of the ocular surface with a complex etiopathogenesis and a prevalence significantly increasing with age.

Cataract surgery and DED have a complex relationship, which needs to be acknowledged, understood, and properly managed, as suggested by daily clinical experience and growing scientific evidence. The surgical procedure can have a relevant impact on the tear film and the ocular surface, and it can, usually transiently, induce or exacerbate DED symptoms. Moreover, preoperative DED can affect surgical refractive outcomes, while postoperative DED symptoms can significantly worsen patients reported outcomes and satisfaction.

At the end of this narrative review summarizing the evidence on this topic, the “Dry Eye and Cataract Surgery” subcommittee of the DROPS workshop formulated some recommendations for ocular surface and DED management pre-, intra-, and post-cataract surgery.
Chorioretinal anastomosis secondary to inadvertent alexandrite laser exposure
Authors: Simsek Metehan , Ozcaliskan Sehnaz , Pehlivanoglu Seren , Artunay Ozgur
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Alexandrite laser is generally used for hair removal and treatment of hyperpigmented skin lesions. It is important to use protective equipment during treatment. In previous cases, complications such as conjunctival hyperemia, anterior uveitis, and choroidal neovascularization were reported. We report a case who developed chorioretinal anastomosis secondary to inadvertent alexandrite laser exposure.

Case description

A 44 year-old woman presented with decrease of vision in the left eye. She had an history of alexandrite laser treatment for facial hair removal two weeks ago. Fundus examination of the left eye revealed an elevated yellowish lesion in the temporal macula and retina pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy was observed in the inferotemporal perifoveal region. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the left eye revealed the disorganization of inner and outer retinal layers, a rupture in the Bruch membrane, and an absence of RPE. Fluorescein angiography images showed early hyperfluoresence inferior to the fovea. OCT angiography revealed an abnormal vascular network between deep retina layers and choroid. B-scan with flow overlay demonstrated the blood flow in the abnormal vascular network which is suggestive of chorioretinal anastomosis. The patient was followed monthly for choroidal neovascularization development. Six months after laser exposure the best corrected visual acuity was partially improved in the left eye and fundus examination showed pigmentary changes.

Conclusion

Chorioretinal anastomosis may rarely develop secondary to inadvertent alexandrite laser treatment. It is important to use protective equipment during treatment to prevent ophthalmological complications.
Dietary Supplement Use and Associated Factors Among Adults Working in Urban Settings in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lwakatare Mark , Mlimbila Jane
Published: May 2023

Dietary supplements are products consumed to provide nutrients or other substances that the user may not consume in sufficient amounts through normal diets. Despite their increased global popularity, there is still scant information regarding the use of dietary supplements and associated factors among adult populations in Tanzania. This study aimed to assess the extent of dietary supplement use and factors associated with use among adults working in urban settings. This was a cross-sectional study involving 419 adults working in public and private institutions within the Ilala District of Dar es Salaam who were selected using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The study’s data was collected using quantitative methods through a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done through descriptive statistics for frequencies, means, standard deviations, and proportions; cross-tabulations with chi-square tests for comparing observed differences in supplement use; and multivariable logistic regression for identifying factors associated with supplement use. A P-value of <.05 was considered statistically significant in the analysis. The prevalence of dietary supplement use among working adults was 46.5%, where 36.9% reported regular and 63.1% occasional supplement use, respectively. Seven types of dietary supplements were identified to be consumed, of which 45.1% of the respondents consumed more than one type of dietary supplement. Multivitamins (64.1%) were the most frequently reported type of supplement consumed, followed by Mineral (34.9%) and Herbal/Botanical (26.7%) supplements. The most commonly reported reason for dietary supplement use among working adults was to improve overall health (67.1%). A third of the users (35.9%) admitted to self-prescribing dietary supplements without seeking professional medical advice. The use of dietary supplements was significantly associated with being female (AOR = 2.243, 95% CI 1.415-3.555, P = .001) and knowledgeable of supplements (AOR = 6.756, 95% CI 4.092-11.154, P < .001). Overall, the use of dietary supplements is popular among adults working within urban settings, but its use is exacerbated by perceived knowledge and self-prescription instead of health professional advice. Therefore, there is a need for further studies to explain better the underlying drivers for perceived knowledge on decision-making. There is also a strong need for extensive health education to prevent inappropriate or excessive use of supplements which might lead to potential adverse events.
Re-thinking notions of evidence and proof for sentencing: Towards a more communitarian model
Authors: Henham Ralph
Published: May 2023

Judges and magistrates are often criticised for failing to take sufficient account of social factors such as poverty and social deprivation when sentencing offenders. The implication is that the sentencing practices of the courts lack an important social dimension—that of ‘social justice’—namely, the perception that the punishment of criminalised behaviour by the state is fair and non-discriminatory. This article asserts that the notion of ‘social justice’ sits uneasily with the values that sustain the existing paradigm of adversarial trial. It is argued that shifting the focus of the adversarial trial away from its narrow preoccupation with individual accountability towards a more communitarian model of penal accountability would significantly enhance the moral credibility of sentencing and its social impact. A more flexible approach to the admissibility and evaluation of evidence is advocated, one conceived within a communitarian ideology whose purpose is to promote penal interventions which enhance social justice.
Developmental characteristics of young children in a low-income South African community
Authors: Abdoola Shabnam , Swanepoel De Wet , Graham Marien Alet , van der Linde Jeannie
Published: May 2023

Adequate early childhood development is critical for later-life success. Developmental profiles of specific populations are required to support implementation of early intervention services. Three hundred fifty-three caregivers of children with mean age 17.9 months (SD = 10.5) were selected from a primary healthcare clinic. Overall positive identification of signs of a developmental delay, with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III, was 51.8% ( n = 183). Logistic regression analysis determined the effect of age and gender on results. Prevalence of developmental delay increased with age from 33.1% for children under 12 months to 61.7% and 66.3% for children between 13–24 months and 25–36 months, respectively. Females were 1.82 times (95% CI [1.16, 2.85]) more likely to have had no signs of developmental delay; 2.30 times (95% CI [1.14, 4.65]) in motor and 2.06 times (95% CI [1.23, 3.45]) in adaptive behaviour domains. One-third of children presented with low levels of adaptive behaviour functioning. One hundred and one (28.6%) participants across age groups displayed superior social-emotional ability, possibly due to familial structures and relationships. One-third of children presented with poor adaptive behaviour function, attributed to cultural differences. This study contributes to information on developmental characteristics of children in South Africa.