bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demethylbelamcandaquinone B (Dmcq B) Is the Active Compound of Marantodes pumilum var. alata (Blume) Kuntze with Osteoanabolic Activities
Authors: Ahmad Hairi Haryati , Jamal Jamia Azdina , Aladdin Nor Ashila , Husain Khairana , Mohd Sofi Noor Suhaili , Mohamed Norazlina , Mohamed Isa Naina , Shuid Ahmad Nazrun
Published: July 2018

Phytoestrogens have attracted considerable attention for their potential in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Recently, a phytoestrogen-rich herbal plant, Marantodes pumilum var. alata (Blume) Kuntze was reported to protect against bone loss in ovariectomized rat. However, the bioactive compound responsible for these effects and the underlying mechanism were not known. Through bioassay-guided isolation, demethylbelamcandaquinone B (Dmcq B) was isolated and identified from Marantodes pumilum var. alata leaf extract. In terms of its bone anabolic effects, Dmcq B was at par with 17β-estradiol (E2), in promoting the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast cells. Dmcq-B increased early differentiation markers, collagen content and enzymatic ALP activity. It was demonstrated to regulate BMP2 signaling pathway which further activated the transcription factor, osterix. Subsequently, Dmcq B was able to increase the osteocalcin expression which promoted matrix mineralization as evidenced by the increase in calcium deposition. Dmcq B also reduced the protein level of receptor activator of NF-κβ ligand (RANKL) and promoted osteoprotegerin (OPG) protein expression by osteoblast cells, therefore hastening bone formation rate by decreasing RANKL/OPG ratio. Moreover, Dmcq B was able to increase ER expression, postulating its phytoestrogen property. As the conclusion, Dmcq B is the active compound isolated from Marantodes pumilum var. alata leaves, regulating osteoanabolic activities potentially through the BMP2 and ER signaling pathways.
Bioavailability of Eurycomanone in Its Pure Form and in a Standardised Eurycoma longifolia Water Extract
Authors: Ahmad Norzahirah , Samiulla Dodheri Syed , Teh Bee Ping , Zainol Murizal , Zolkifli Nor Azlina , Muhammad Amirrudin , Matom Emylyn , Zulkapli Azlina , Abdullah Noor Rain , Ismail Zakiah , Syed Mohamed Ami Fazlin
Published: July 2018

Eurycoma longifolia is one of the commonly consumed herbal preparations and its major chemical compound, eurycomanone, has been described to have antimalarial, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, and cytotoxic activities. Today, the consumption of E. longifolia is popular through the incorporation of its extract in food items, most frequently in drinks such as tea and coffee. In the current study, the characterisation of the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) attributes of eurycomanone were conducted via a series of in vitro and in vivo studies in rats and mice. The solubility and chemical stability of eurycomanone under the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract environment were determined. The permeability of eurycomanone was investigated by determining its distribution coefficient in aqueous and organic environments and its permeability using the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay system and Caco-2 cultured cells. Eurycomanone’s stability in plasma and its protein-binding ability were measured by using an equilibrium dialysis method. Its stability in liver microsomes across species (mice, rat, dog, monkey, and human) and rat liver hepatocytes was also investigated. Along with the PK evaluations of eurycomanone in mice and rats, the PK parameters for the Malaysian Standard (MS: 2409:201) standardised water extract of E. longifolia were also evaluated in rats. Both rodent models showed that eurycomanone in both the compound form and extract form had a half-life of 0.30 h. The differences in the bioavailability of eurycomanone in the compound form between the rats (11.8%) and mice (54.9%) suggests that the PK parameters cannot be directly extrapolated to humans. The results also suggest that eurycomanone is not readily absorbed across biological membranes. However, once absorbed, the compound is not easily metabolised (is stable), hence retaining its bioactive properties, which may be responsible for the various reported biological activities.
Influence of Sea State on Sea Surface Height Oscillation from Doppler Altimeter Measurements in the North Sea
Authors: Reale Ferdinando , Dentale Fabio , Carratelli Eugenio Pugliese , Fenoglio-Marc Luciana
Published: July 2018

This paper reports on an investigation on the influence of waves on the sea surface height error, σh, as measured by Delay Doppler satellite altimetry (DDA). CryoSat-2 altimeter sea surface height (SSH) data in the North Sea, processed in both DDA and pseudo low resolution mode (PLRM), are correlated with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) co-located sea state data. We find a small, but consistent correlation between the 1 Hz standard deviation, σh, of the 20 Hz altimeter SSH and the ECMWF total significant wave height, SWHt. The same analysis carried out between σh and the swell component of the wave spectrum shows a smaller correlation. In contrast, the correlation between the PLRM σh and any component of the SWH spectrum has not been found to be significant. To provide an explanation of these results, the aliasing effect caused by the interaction between the sea wavelength and the altimeter resolution has been considered; a simple model has, therefore, been produced to simulate the dependence of the aliasing-derived, σA, on the sea wavelength. The alias/wavelength curve obtained helps to explain why—at least for the relatively low wavelength sea data considered—the wave direction and its wavelength have little or no influence on σh.
Vertically Resolved Precipitation Intensity Retrieved through a Synergy between the Ground-Based NASA MPLNET Lidar Network Measurements, Surface Disdrometer Datasets and an Analytical Model Solution
Authors: Lolli Simone , D’Adderio Leo Pio , Campbell James R. , Sicard Michaël , Welton Ellsworth J. , Binci Andrea , Rea Alessandro , Tokay Ali , Comerón Adolfo , Barragan Ruben , Baldasano Jose Maria , Gonzalez Sergi , Bech Joan , Afflitto Nicola , Lewis Jasper R. , Madonna Fabio
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we illustrate a new, simple and complementary ground-based methodology to retrieve the vertically resolved atmospheric precipitation intensity through a synergy between measurements from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Micropulse Lidar network (MPLNET), an analytical model solution and ground-based disdrometer measurements. The presented results are obtained at two mid-latitude MPLNET permanent observational sites, located respectively at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA, and at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. The methodology is suitable to be applied to existing and/or future lidar/ceilometer networks with the main objective of either providing near real-time (3 h latency) rainfall intensity measurements and/or to validate satellite missions, especially for critical light precipitation (<3 mm h−1).
Flow Duration Curve from Satellite: Potential of a Lifetime SWOT Mission
Authors: Domeneghetti Alessio , Tarpanelli Angelica , Grimaldi Luca , Brath Armando , Schumann Guy
Published: July 2018

A flow duration curve (FDC) provides a comprehensive description of the hydrological regime of a catchment and its knowledge is fundamental for many water-related applications (e.g., water management and supply, human and irrigation purposes, etc.). However, relying on historical streamflow records, FDCs are constrained to gauged stations and, thus, typically available for a small portion of the world’s rivers. The upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography satellite (SWOT; in orbit from 2021) will monitor, worldwide, all rivers larger than 100 m in width (with a goal to observe rivers as small as 50 m) for a period of at least three years, representing a potential groundbreaking source of hydrological data, especially in remote areas. This study refers to the 130 km stretch of the Po River (Northern Italy) to investigate SWOT potential in providing discharge estimation for the construction of FDCs. In particular, this work considers the mission lifetime (three years) and the three satellite orbits (i.e., 211, 489, 560) that will monitor the Po River. The aim is to test the ability to observe the river hydrological regime, which is, for this test case, synthetically reproduced by means of a quasi-2D hydraulic model. We consider different river segmentation lengths for discharge estimation and we build the FDCs at four gauging stations placed along the study area referring to available satellite overpasses (nearly 52 revisits within the mission lifetime). Discharge assessment is performed using the Manning equation, under the assumption of a trapezoidal section, known bathymetry, and roughness coefficient. SWOT observables (i.e., water level, water extent, etc.) are estimated by corrupting the values simulated with the quasi-2D model according to the mission requirements. Remotely-sensed FDCs are compared with those obtained with extended (e.g., 20–70 years) gauge datasets. Results highlight the potential of the mission to provide a realistic reconstruction of the flow regimes at different locations. Higher errors are obtained at the FDC tails, where very low or high flows have lower likelihood of being observed, or might not occur during the mission lifetime period. Among the tested discretizations, 20 km stretches provided the best performances, with root mean absolute errors, on average, lower than 13.3%.
Gender Based Perception of Successful Construction of Project Managers’ Attributes
Authors: Aretoulis Georgios N.
Published: July 2018

Project Managers (PMs) are assets for every construction enterprise. The PM’s personality is essential as it defines the way that PMs cooperate with the project team and thus influence drastically the project performance. The current research focused on identifying the way gender influences the perception of required PMs’ attributes. In this context, a survey questionnaire was administered over a five-year period. Research survey successfully recorded 497 responses from Greek engineers. The survey identified profile data regarding the respondents and the scores assigned to the desired characteristics of the PMs. Firstly, a database was organized in SPSS and was followed by descriptive statistics analysis, independent sample t-test and correlation analysis that succeeded in identifying the way that gender influences the perception of PMs’ personality characteristics. It was found that in general, female engineers have a different perspective on the attributes required for competent PM that their male counterparts do. Independent sample t-test and correlation analysis led to the same conclusions. More specifically, it became evident that female engineers tend to assign the highest Likert scale based scores (five), whereas male respondents tend to assign lower scores to all considered attributes. It is also worth mentioning that a significant amount of correlation appeared in the sample, significantly greater in number than the previous research initiatives. The most highly ranked abilities include: “Capability of Risk Evaluation”, “Promptness on Solution Provision” and “Collaborative—Team Spirit”. These attributes are anticipated due to the effects of the financial crisis on the implementation of construction projects in Greece.
Engaging in Pro-Environment Travel Behaviour Research from a Psycho-Social Perspective: A Review of Behavioural Variables and Theories
Authors: Pronello Cristina , Gaborieau Jean-Baptiste
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to review variables and behavioural theories originating from social and environmental psychology as applied to transport research, to better understand decision-making mechanisms, information processing and modal choice. The first section provides an overview of the main psycho-social variables which explain behaviour and, notably, pro-environment behaviour. The analysis shows the relations among variables, highlighting some potential cause-effect mechanism or, at least, the influence that such variables can have on behaviour. Furthermore, the strengths and weaknesses of using psycho-social variables to predict travel behaviour are discussed. Such analysis feeds the section related to the behavioural theories. These are reviewed with a focus on potential application to transport sector, showing the would-be added value of introducing a socio-psychological approach in the current vision, focused on stochastic models based on maximisation of personal utility. To this end, attention is paid to the data collection and analysis, basic for any models and even more challenging to collect when they deal with personal characteristics of individuals. Finally, the concept of attitude and intention is discussed, opening the doors between disciplines to overcome the attitude-behaviour gap.
Selling Remanufactured Products under One Roof or Two? A Sustainability Analysis on Channel Structures for New and Remanufactured Products
Authors: Liu Yan , Cheng Yongsheng , Chen Hong , Guo Sidai , Lu Yujia
Published: July 2018

Even though many manufacturers integrate remanufacturing into existing business models, it should be noted that such efforts are usually accompanied by a major concern for cannibalization of new product sales from remanufactured products. To deal with this problem, many manufacturers, such as Dell, adopt a “two-roof policy” where the sale of new products takes place in a store and their remanufactured products in another. However, in contrast, some manufacturers, including Apple and HP, adopt a “one-roof policy”, by which all new and remanufactured products are sold through one store/chain. Although the literature on remanufacturing has extensively addressed sustainability issues within operations management, little attention has been paid to how “differentiated roof policy” for the marketing of remanufactured products affects sustainability issues. To fill this gap, in this paper, the authors develop two theoretical models in which manufacturers have the flexibility to distribute new and remanufactured products (1) through a one-roof policy (Model O) or (2) through a two-roof policy (Model T), respectively, and strive to address the question of how differentiated roof policies impact sustainability issues related to remanufacturing operations. Among other results, the central result suggests that, if the manufacturers care about economic performance, distributing both products through a two-roof policy is an advantageous strategy. Conversely, if they care about environmental sustainability, one roof is the preferred strategy.
Incremental Spectral Clustering via Fastfood Features and Its Application to Stream Image Segmentation
Authors: He Li , Li Yi , Zhang Xiang , Chen Chuangbin , Zhu Lei , Leng Chengcai
Published: July 2018

We propose an incremental spectral clustering method for stream data clustering and apply it to stream image segmentation. The main idea in our work consists of generating the data points in the kernel space by Fastfood features and iteratively calculating the eigendecomposition of data. Compared with the popular Nyström-based approximation, our work accesses each data point only once while Nyström, in particular the sampling scheme, will go through the entire dataset first and calculate the embeddings of data points with a second visit. As a result, our method is able to learn data partitions incrementally and improve eigenvector approximation with more and more data seen from a stream. By contrast, the performance of the standard Nyström is fixed when the sample set is selected. Experimental results show the superiority of our method.
Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Uremic Toxicities
Authors: Velasquez Manuel T. , Centron Patricia , Barrows Ian , Dwivedi Rama , Raj Dominic S.
Published: July 2018

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major cause of high morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Numerous CVD risk factors in CKD patients have been described, but these do not fully explain the high pervasiveness of CVD or increased mortality rates in CKD patients. In CKD the loss of urinary excretory function results in the retention of various substances referred to as “uremic retention solutes”. Many of these molecules have been found to exert toxicity on virtually all organ systems of the human body, leading to the clinical syndrome of uremia. In recent years, an increasing body of evidence has been accumulated that suggests that uremic toxins may contribute to an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden associated with CKD. This review examined the evidence from several clinical and experimental studies showing an association between uremic toxins and CVD. Special emphasis is addressed on emerging data linking gut microbiota with the production of uremic toxins and the development of CKD and CVD. The biological toxicity of some uremic toxins on the myocardium and the vasculature and their possible contribution to cardiovascular injury in uremia are also discussed. Finally, various therapeutic interventions that have been applied to effectively reduce uremic toxins in patients with CKD, including dietary modifications, use of prebiotics and/or probiotics, an oral intestinal sorbent that adsorbs uremic toxins and precursors, and innovative dialysis therapies targeting the protein-bound uremic toxins are also highlighted. Future studies are needed to determine whether these novel therapies to reduce or remove uremic toxins will reduce CVD and related cardiovascular events in the long-term in patients with chronic renal failure.
Transportation of Different Therapeutic Classes of Pharmaceuticals to the Surface Water, Sewage Treatment Plant, and Hospital Samples, Malaysia
Authors: Al-Qaim Fouad Fadhil , Mussa Zainab Haider , Yuzir Ali , Tahrim Nurfaizah Abu , Hashim Norbaya , Azman Shamila
Published: July 2018

All pharmaceuticals are separated chromatographically using the liquid chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry (LC-ToF/MS) on a 5 µm, 2.1 mm × 250 mm, C18 column at 0.3 mL/min. The recovery is investigated at two spiking levels, 10 and 1 ng/mL; the mean recovery is higher than 77, 84, and 93% in sewage treatment plants (STP) influent, STP effluent, and surface water, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) averages 29, 16, 7, and 2 ng/L in STP influent, STP effluent, surface water, and drinking water, respectively. The matrix effect is also evaluated in STP influent and effluent. It is observed that sulfamethoxazole, prednisolone, ketoprofen, and glibenclamide are highly impacted compared to other compounds, −99, −110, 77, and 91%, respectively. The results show that six out of nine pharmaceuticals, namely atenolol, acetaminophen, theophylline, caffeine, metoprolol, and sulfamethoxazole are detected in STP influent, STP effluent, and surface water. However, the means of concentration are 561, 3305, 1805, 3900, 78, and 308 ng/L for atenolol, acetaminophen, theophylline, caffeine, metoprolol, and sulfamethoxazole, respectively, in STP influent. Caffeine and acetaminophen are detected with the highest concentration, reaching up to 8700 and 4919 ng/L, respectively, in STP influent.
Synthesis of pyrimido[1,6-a]quinoxalines via intermolecular trapping of thermally generated acyl(quinoxalin-2-yl)ketenes by Schiff bases
Authors: Kasatkina Svetlana O , Stepanova Ekaterina E , Dmitriev Maksim V , Mokrushin Ivan G , Maslivets Andrey N
Published: July 2018

Acyl(quinoxalin-2-yl)ketenes generated by thermal decarbonylation of 3-acylpyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-1,2,4(5H)-triones react regioselectively with Schiff bases under solvent-free conditions to form pyrimido[1,6-a]quinoxaline derivatives in good yields.
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF LOW VIBRATION SLAB TRACK ON SHARED HIGH-SPEED PASSENGER AND FREIGHT RAILWAY
Authors: He Qinglie , Cai Chengbiao , Zhu Shengyang , Zhang Jiawei , Zhai Wanming
Published: July 2018

This work investigates dynamic performance of a low vibration slab track on a shared high-speed passenger and freight railway, and an optimal modulus of the isolation layer (rubber pad) is proposed to meet the adaptability of the track system under the dynamic actions of high speed passenger and heavy axle-load freight trains. First, detailed finite element models of the slab track with and without the rubber pad between concrete slab and supporting layer are established by using software ANSYS. Further, coupled dynamic models of passenger/freight vehicle–low vibration/tradition slab track system are developed to calculate the wheel–rail forces, which are utilized as the inputs to the finite element model. Finally, the dynamic characteristics of the low vibration slab track, the specific function of the rubber pad, and the optimal modulus of the rubber pad are studied in detail. Results show that the interaction force between the freight vehicle and low vibration slab track is more significant because of the heavy axle-load, which leads to larger vertical stress amplitudes of each track layer. Whereas the accelerations of track components induced by the passenger vehicle are much larger than those induced by the freight vehicle, due to the much faster speed that can generate high wheel–rail interaction frequency. The rubber pad of the slab track does not play a role in attenuating slab vibration; instead it causes an increase of slab acceleration and its surface tension stress. However, the rubber pad can decrease the supporting layer acceleration and the slab compression stress, which plays a significant role in vibration isolation and buffers the direct impact force on the slab caused by vehicle dynamic load. To ensure a reasonable vibration level and dynamic stress of the slab track, the optimal modulus of the rubber pad is suggested to be 3÷7.5 MPa.
AUTOMATED SHAPE-BASED PAVEMENT CRACK DETECTION APPROACH
Authors: Wang Teng , Gopalakrishnan Kasthurirangan , Smadi Omar , Somani Arun K.
Published: July 2018

Pavements are critical man-made infrastructure systems that undergo repeated traffic and environmental loadings. Consequently, they deteriorate with time and manifest certain distresses. To ensure long-lasting performance and appropriate level of service, they need to be preserved and maintained. Highway agencies routinely employ semiautomated and automated image-based methods for network-level pavement-cracking data collection, and there are different types of pavement-cracking data collected by highway agencies for reporting and management purposes. We design a shape-based crack detection approach for pavement health monitoring, which takes advantage of spatial distribution of potential cracks. To achieve this, we first extract Potential Crack Components (PCrCs) from pavement images. Next, we employ polynomial curve to fit all pixels within these components. Finally, we define a Shape Metric (SM) to distinguish crack blocks from background. We experiment the shape-based crack detection approach on different datasets, and compare detection results with an alternate method that is based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier. Experimental results prove that our approach has the capability to produce higher detections and fewer false alarms. Additional research is needed to improve the robustness and accuracy of the developed approach in the presence of anomalies and other surface irregularities.
EFFECTS OF INJECTION TIMING OF DIESEL FUEL ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION OF DUAL FUEL DIESEL ENGINE POWERED BY DIESEL/E85 FUELS
Authors: Tutak Wojciech , Jamrozik Arkadiusz , Bereczky Ákos , Lukacs Kristof
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the results of the investigation of Dual Fuel (DF) diesel engines powered by high bioethanol contain fuel – E85. The object of the investigation is a three-cylinder Compression Ignition (CI) Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) powered by diesel oil and bioethanol fuel E85 injected into the intake port as a DF engine. With the increase in the share of E85 fuel the highest intensification of the combustion process takes place in the main stage of the combustion and the ignition delay increases as well. The researchers are conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method; the results of the investigation are successfully verified based on the indicator diagrams, heat performance rate and emissions. Based on CFD results the cross sections investigation of the combustion chamber it can be seen that in case of the DF engine, the flame front propagates with a higher speed. The initial phase of the combustion starts in a different location of the combustion chamber than in the classic CI engine. Replacement of diesel fuel by E85 in 20% resulted in the shortening of the combustion duration more than 2-times. With the increase of energetic share in E85 the soot emission is decreased at all ranges of the analysed operations of the engine. The oppositerelationship was observed in case of NO emission. With the increase of E85 in the fuel, the emission of NO increased.
Technical feasibility of residual biomass of microalgae Desmodesmus sp. after supercritical extraction: evaluation of chemical composition
Authors: Souza Ana Lucia Barbosa , Srur Armando Oliveira , Derner Roberto Bianchini , Mendes Marisa Fernandes
Published: July 2018

Supercritical extraction process has been used to obtain bioactive compounds from microalgae biomass that differs in composition because it has protein, esters, carotenoids, chlorophyll, enzymes, antibiotics, vitamins, and hydrocarbons. Due to this, the study of the technical feasibility of supercritical extraction of microalgae and the evaluation of the chemical composition from residual biomass of microalgae Desmodesmus sp. is the goal of this work looking for its reutilization in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical applications. The experimental unit used is formed, basically, of a 42 mL extractor, a high pressure pump, and a micro-metering valve used for sampling. The study showed that it was obtained a higher mass yield at 90 °C and 440 bar of pressure. The residual biomass still contained a high percentage of proteins and carbohydrates, indicating that it could be used in nutraceuticals applications, and as biofertilizers.
Poder de polícia ambiental e conduta administrativa: o caso de negligência ambiental e irregularidade do lixão municipal de Teófilo Otoni - MG
Authors: Pereira Rhideme Souza
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo tem como escopo o poder de polícia ambiental em face da prática de atos e omissão de fatos na conduta administrativa. Com o objetivo de apresentar alguns elementos do poder de polícia ambiental em caso de conduta omissiva da administração pública. Utilizando para tal, a metodologia de análise documental e estudo de caso da situação eminente de irregularidade ambiental do lixão municipal de Teófilo Otoni- MG. Como resultado, observou-se que há tempos o município de Teófilo Otoni vem sendo advertido da situação ilegal de disposição final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, negligenciando o fato e incorrendo em inúmeras ilicitudes, respondendo, portanto, a ação civil proposta pelo Ministério Público de Minas Gerais, condenado a cumprir, sob pena de multa, todas as prerrogativas das ações propostas. Observando, por fim, uma excessiva morosidade do poder público no exercício do poder de polícia ambiental em decorrência de conduta omissiva por parte da administração pública municipal.
O elefante na sala de aula: gênero e CTS no ensino de engenharia
Authors: Fernandes Alice Oliveira , Noronha Isabela , Fraga Lais Silveira
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre a abordagem de gênero integrada ao ensino de Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) nos cursos de engenharia. Para isso, é explorada a proposta da educação CTS para os cursos de cunho tecnológico, com foco na potência que essa perspectiva traz para a discussão de temas frequentemente marginalizados ou omitidos nestes cursos. Em seguida, é realizada uma revisão sobre as relações entre gênero, ciência e tecnologia com foco em estudos que refletem sobre diferentes abordagens para o caso das engenharias. Por fim, ao articular as seções anteriores, são apresentadas reflexões sobre a possibilidade de que os estudos de gênero, assim como outros recortes relevantes para a construção de um currículo socialmente comprometido, sejam incorporados não somente às ementas das disciplinas de CTS, mas em toda a formação em engenharia.
As incubadoras tecnológicas de economia solidária como espaço de desenvolvimento de tecnologias e inovações sociais
Authors: Oliveira Thais Cristina Souza de , Addor Felipe , Maia Layssa
Published: July 2018

Um dos desafios mais destacados recentemente no campo da Engenharia e Desenvolvimento Social é o da necessidade de construção de novas tecnologias que, diferente da quase totalidade das existentes, fortaleçam princípios e valores democráticos, horizontais e autogestionários. Em contraposição à ideia tradicional da tecnologia, baseada na hierarquia, centralização de poder e busca incondicional pelo lucro, surgem campos que buscam trilhar outros caminhos, o que pode ser identificado nas propostas da Inovação Social e da Tecnologia Social. Nesse cenário, o campo das Incubadoras Tecnológicas de Economia Solidária vem se consolidando como um dos principais espaços de construção de caminhos contra-hegemônicos e onde a inovação tem ganhado novos contornos. Neste artigo analisamos como se caracteriza a inovação gerada pela Incubação Tecnológica de Economia Solidária, a partir dos resultados da pesquisa de Avaliação do Programa Nacional de Apoio às Incubadoras de Cooperativas (Proninc), realizada nos anos de 2016 e 2017. Os resultados apontam uma diversidade de tipos de inovações que resultaram na elaboração de novas categorias e indica uma nova maneira de conceber o processo de inovação..
Avant que l’enfant paraisse
Authors: Boulet Elsa
Published: July 2018

L’analyse qualitative de la grossesse de femmes de milieu populaire permet d’éclairer les dynamiques de classe et de genre relatives à l’avant naissance. Intervenant dans un quotidien structuré par les rapports sociaux, les grossesses jouent le rôle de révélateur de ces rapports. La socialisation de classe, la dynamique de genre au sein du couple, articulée à la subordination dans le rapport salarial, produisent une réaffirmation de la position dominée de ces femmes lors de la grossesse. Leur assignation au maternage et au travail domestique est renforcée, et leur position en tant que travailleuses fragilisée. Cette cristallisation de la domination à l’occasion de la grossesse donne toutefois lieu à une certaine contestation de la part des femmes concernées.
Migrants citoyens, migrants vacanciers
Authors: Pattieu Sylvain
Published: July 2018

De 1963 à 1982, le Bureau des migrations d’outre-mer a organisé la venue en métropole de 200 000 Antillais et Réunionnais. Instrument de maintien des DOM dans la République, il a proposé pour ses migrants des voyages-vacances à bas prix dans les DOM. Ils ont contribué à les encadrer, et à légitimer l’institution. Ce dispositif vacancier permet une réflexion sur les modes pratiques de (re)production coloniale de la différence dans les années 1960 et 1970. Après 1978, ce modèle entre en crise, sa dimension sociale ne fait pas le poids face à la volonté de développer un tourisme de consommation.
La double énigme du chômage en Grande-Bretagne (1880-1931)
Authors: Reynaud Bénédicte
Published: July 2018

À la fin du  xix e  siècle, une « fièvre classificatoire » s’empare des pays européens. Elle concerne non seulement les sciences de la nature avec la classification des espèces, mais aussi les sciences sociales. L’Allemagne et la France comptent leurs chômeurs pour la première fois au niveau national respectivement en 1895 et 1896 ; la Grande-Bretagne y renonce en 1895. En effet, Hubert Llewellyn Smith, premier commissaire du travail du Board of Trade, s’oppose à un recensement des chômeurs. L’objet de cet article est de mettre au jour ce point aveugle et énigmatique de l’histoire de la statistique anglaise : comment rendre compte de cette défiance à l’égard de la quantification des sans-emplois en Grande-Bretagne ?
Action de l’entreprise dans la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique : effets sur l’identification organisationnelle et l’engagement organisationnel des salariés
Authors: Schill Marie , Lethielleux Laëtitia , Godefroit-Winkel Delphine , Combes-Joret Monique
Published: July 2018

Ces dernières années, les entreprises témoignent d’un intérêt grandissant pour les préoccupations environnementales, dont le réchauffement climatique, s’exprimant à travers leur Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises. La présente recherche prend une perspective originale à ce sujet, celle des salariés. Elle explore les effets de l’action de l’entreprise dans la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique sur l’identification organisationnelle et l’engagement organisationnel des salariés. Sur la base d’un échantillon de 310 salariés, les analyses par équations structurelles mettent en évidence l’existence d’un effet indirect de la perception de l’action de l’organisation sur l’engagement affectif du salarié via l’identification organisationnelle. Les résultats sont discutés et des implications managériales sont proposées.
Est-ce que le Lean management est une démarche d’apprentissage organisationnel ? L’impact de l’amélioration continue
Authors: Stimec Arnaud
Published: July 2018

Malgré une diffusion considérable et souvent satisfaisante sur le plan productif, les approches de types lean management éprouvent des difficultés au niveau des ressources humaines : implication, santé au travail, satisfaction des salariés. Il est possible de distinguer deux grandes manières d’appliquer le lean : le lean outil ou le lean système, reposant sur des principes. Selon la littérature managériale spécialisée, le lean système est censé créer une dynamique d’apprentissage organisationnel. Explorer cette assertion comme une hypothèse, c’est considérer une place plus déterminante du management des ressources humaines en gestion de production, où il est plutôt question, dans une sphère techno centrée, d’optimisation et de productivité. À travers 10 études de cas et 380 salariés entendus en entretiens, nous cherchons à explorer cette assertion et les conditions associées en procédant selon une méthode de recherche mixte.
Une loge à l’avant-garde des mondes maçonniques, la Rénovation d’Amiens (1864-1883)
Authors: Rycx Julien
Published: July 2018

Fondée sous l’action d’« hommes justes, dévoués, bienfaisants et surtout grandement pénétrés du sentiment de la fraternité humaine », en quête de leur « propre apostolat », la loge la Rénovation d’Amiens participe pleinement à la renaissance maçonnique en Picardie, après des décennies de mise en sommeil. Terre de contrastes, fragmentée en une multitude de particularismes locaux, industrielle et agricole, essentiellement rurale mais solidement liée à son chef-lieu, marquée par le bonapartisme mais traversée par les nombreux proscrits du régime, catholique mais réduite à « l’un de ses malheureux diocèse autour de Paris », la Somme se définit, elle, comme une véritable « terre de mission maçonnique ». Malgré une existence éphémère (1864-1883), la Rénovation se distingue comme le relais d’une force sociale, idéologique, voire politique. Îlot au sein de l’archipel des « mondes maçonniques », à quelques heures à peine de la capitale, comment cette loge de province s’est-elle adaptée face aux contraintes locales ? Derrière l’apparente unicité de son Obédience, comment le maçon amiénois cultive-t-il la territorialisation de son chemin maçonnique ? Enfin, la loge, microcosme local, ne servirait-elle pas de courroie de transmission aux nouvelles idéologies qui transcendent aussi bien la société profane que maçonnique ?
La transmission des pratiques et croyances religieuses d’une génération à l’autre
Authors: Bréchon Pierre
Published: July 2018

Dans quelle mesure la religion se transmet-elle d’une génération à l’autre ? Quelle est la part d’évolution, de changement entre les parents et les enfants dans leurs attitudes religieuses ? Pour le montrer, cet article considère d’abord la carte de la religion majoritaire en Europe, qui donne à voir les ruptures du christianisme au cours du dernier millénaire. Les appartenances religieuses se sont donc apparemment très bien maintenues entre pays orthodoxes, protestants et catholiques. L’analyse des données des enquêtes European Values Studies (EVS) d’abord, International Social Survey programme (ISSP) ensuite, montre qu’un processus de sécularisation très important est en cours et que la religion ne se transmet plus aussi bien qu’autrefois ; c’est aujourd’hui l’irréligion qui se transmet le plus facilement, en tout cas dans les pays les plus sécularisés.
Formation et professionnalisation des ingénieurs en France : le modèle de l’école d’ingénieurs et ses recompositions
Authors: Lemaître Denis
Published: July 2018

Le groupe social des ingénieurs en France s’est constitué historiquement autour d’un modèle de formation relativement singulier dans l’enseignement supérieur, en marge des universités, celui des écoles d’ingénieurs. Les recherches montrent que ce modèle s’est d’abord développé autour de la formation des corps de l’État, puis des ingénieurs dédiés à l’industrie au XIX e  siècle, avant des recompositions au XX e  siècle à différentes étapes, jusqu’à l’internationalisation du système à date récente. Malgré ces recompositions importantes, le système français de formation des ingénieurs conserve ses fondements, appuyés tant sur la formation par les sciences fondamentales et la culture générale que sur les liens avec le monde industriel et les applications techniques. Les écoles d’ingénieurs y parviennent grâce à une grande activité sur le plan de la pédagogie et à la diversification des filières de formation, comme l’alternance, voie nouvelle notamment pour développer la formation continue, qui reste peu systématisée par les institutions. Les recherches laissent apparaître également les enjeux sociaux qui traversent ce modèle de formation, autour de la segmentation et de la hiérarchisation du système, de la place des femmes et du rôle des ingénieurs dans la société, ce qu’illustre notamment la place des sciences humaines et sociales dans les curricula. L’évolution du rôle des ingénieurs et les nouveaux défis techniques qui leur sont adressés font évoluer les finalités éducatives, offrant de nouveaux thèmes pour la recherche.
Former des ingénieurs au transfert de technologie : entre dimensions professionnelles et dimensions culturelles
Authors: Morace Christophe , Coadour Damien
Published: July 2018

Cet article a pour objectif d’identifier si, et comment, des différences de cultures nationales peuvent avoir un impact sur le déroulement de formations au transfert de technologie et sur l’activité du formateur. Un transfert de technologie implique de former un client afin qu’il puisse devenir autonome sur un marché qui peut aussi être celui de son fournisseur. Ce type de formation se déroule donc dans un contexte de coopération et de compétition entre des entreprises qui peuvent être à la fois partenaires et concurrentes. Ainsi, les ingénieurs de l’entreprise fournisseur, qui assurent les formations, cumulent des missions technologiques, pédagogiques et commerciales complémentaires et parfois opposées. En effet, ils gèrent à la fois des relations d’ingénieur à ingénieur, de formateur à apprenant et de vendeur à client. Ce type de formations se déroulant généralement en contexte international, nous proposons d’analyser les liens entre les dimensions professionnelles et les dimensions culturelles à l’œuvre à partir de la perspective d’ingénieurs français qui assurent des formations auprès de groupes d’ingénieurs brésiliens. Puis, nous présentons dans nos résultats les dilemmes des formateurs dus à des dimensions professionnelles, à des dimensions culturelles ou à des stratégies articulant les deux dimensions, ce qui nous mène à suggérer la question de la formation de formateurs au transfert de technologie.
Approche dendroarchéologique de l’approvisionnement de la ville antique d'Augustonemetum (Clermont-Ferrand – Puy-de-Dôme) en bois d’œuvre et exploitation forestière
Authors: Blondel François , Girardclos Olivier
Published: July 2018

Les études des bois gorgés d’eau découverts sur
vingt sites archéologiques localisés à Clermont-Ferrand (Puy-de-Dôme)
ont pour objectif de mettre en évidence des pratiques sylvicoles liées
aux besoins en bois d’œuvre au cours du développement urbain de la
ville d’Augustonemetum durant l’Antiquité. Le
croisement des trois disciplines, xylologie, dendrologie et
dendrochronologie, est réalisé pour identifier les essences des bois
issus des fouilles archéologiques, dater ces derniers quand le nombre
de cernes le permet et évaluer la morphologie et l’âge de l’arbre lors
de son abattage. Sur cette base, il est possible de percevoir une
évolution dans l’approvisionnement en bois et son utilisation, ainsi
que dans la composition et la structure des peuplements forestiers
exploités. Cette évolution permet de dégager certains traits des
pratiques sylvicoles pour ce contexte antique.
Au-delà du radiocarbone : analyse de taxons et contexte combinés pour la détection de problèmes taphonomiques. Un exemple dans les Grottes de Santa Maira (Alicante, Espagne)
Authors: Carrión Marco Yolanda , Verdasco Cebrián Carlos , Morales-Pérez Juan V. , Aura Tortosa J. Emili
Published: July 2018

Les datations par le radiocarbone permettent de
dater une séquence, un niveau ou du matériel isolé, mais leur résultat
numérique doit être confronté aux données archéostratigraphiques,
bioarchéologiques et à la culture matérielle du contexte daté. Dans ce
travail, nous allons présenter l’étude d’une intrusion de restes
bioarchéologiques du Mésolithique dans un niveau solutréen sur le site
des grottes de Santa Maira. Nous avons effectué l’analyse taphonomique
en comparant la distribution spatiale et l’âge radiocarbone des restes
anthracologiques et anthropologiques, identifiés au préalable au
niveau taxonomique. Ce protocole a permis de délimiter aussi bien la
zone affectée par l’intrusion que sa nature et son origine possible.
Dans ce cas, l’identification du matériel daté a été primordiale pour
son interprétation ultérieure, car l’identification des marqueurs
typiques du Solutréen (Pinus tp. nigra), et l’association de certaines espèces (Quercus et Homo), ont été
déterminantes pour en détecter le caractère intrusif dans le contexte
du Solutréen.
Échanges transmanche de traditions techniques dans la préparation des céramiques : le site portuaire gaulois de la Batterie-Basse à Urville-Nacqueville (Manche)
Authors: Gehres Benjamin , Lefort Anthony
Published: July 2018

L’étude pétrographique et géochimique de céramiques
découvertes dans la zone atelier de fabrication d’anneaux en lignite
du site portuaire de la Batterie-Basse à Urville-Nacqueville (Manche)
a permis d’observer l’utilisation de plusieurs matières premières
régionales pour façonner les poteries du site. De plus, l’importation
de terres cuites a pu être mise en avant, depuis la zone atelier de
Saint-Jean-du-Doigt (Finistère) à plus de 180 km et depuis la région
de la plaine de Caen. Un groupe de pâte domine largement le corpus,
caractérisé par une tradition technique particulière dans la
préparation des pâtes des terres cuites, le rajout de coquilles
broyées aux terres. En effet, des analyses pétrographiques, complétées
par une approche par spectrométrie de masse à source plasma, couplée à
un système d’ablation laser des inclusions bioclastiques, ont démontré
que ce dégraissant ne correspond pas à des fossiles présents
naturellement dans les argiles, mais que les potiers ont ajouté à
leurs matières premières des fragments de coquilles préalablement
broyées. Il s’agit d’une tradition qui n’est pour l’instant pas connue
autre part au second âge du Fer dans l’Ouest de la France, et il faut
se tourner vers les côtes anglaises pour identifier des procédés
similaires. Il en va de même pour plusieurs autres pratiques observées
sur le site de la Batterie-Basse, dont les racines pourraient se
trouver de l’autre côté de la Manche.
Dater, une histoire qui date !
Authors: Guibert Pierre
Published: July 2018

Nous tentons dans cet article de présenter
l’évolution des méthodes physiques de datation au cours des dernières
décennies en mettant en lumière les facteurs qui ont été à l’origine
de cette évolution. Nous en présentons les conséquences sur la
pratique de la datation et sur l’évolution des problématiques de la
datation en archéologie. Ainsi, nous avons passé en revue trois types
de méthodes selon le mode d’enregistrement du temps : 1) variations de
paramètres environnementaux : dendrochronologie et archéomagnétisme ;
2) filiation radioactive : datation par les isotopes cosmogéniques,
dont le radiocarbone, et datation par accumulation d’isotopes fils :
potassium-40 et déséquilibre des séries de l’uranium (238U-234U-230Th) ; 3) accumulation de charges déplacées par
l’irradiation : méthodes paléodosimétriques dont la datation par
luminescence et par résonance paramagnétique électronique. Selon les
cas, nous évoquons des défis pour les années futures.
La prospection : évolution de la sous-discipline, évolution du métier
Authors: Tabbagh Alain
Published: July 2018

Les méthodes géophysiques utilisées en archéologie
s’insèrent dans le cadre général d’une démarche, celle de la
prospection archéologique, où la mise en relation des différentes
informations passe aujourd’hui par l’utilisation d’un système
d’information géographique. Les premiers chercheurs spécialisés à
plein temps dans cette voie s’y sont engagés à la fin des années
cinquante. Les méthodes mises en œuvre au sol sont principalement
basées sur les propriétés électromagnétiques : conductivité
électrique, permittivité diélectrique et susceptibilité magnétique
complexe. La mécanisation des mesures permet aujourd’hui la couverture
de grandes surfaces à maille fine. Les développements actuels et
futurs portent sur des acquisitions et une interprétation
multi-propriétés en 3D.
Nouvelles recettes et vieilles marmites. Quelques regards sur les analyses des matériaux minéraux utilisés par l’homme dans le passé
Authors: Serneels Vincent
Published: July 2018

Les matériaux minéraux résistent bien à l’enfouissement et forment donc une large part de l’enregistrement archéologique. La caractérisation de ces matériaux à l’aide des méthodes des sciences naturelles contribue significativement à la compréhension des sociétés anciennes à travers l’identification des techniques et des échanges.Au cours des 40 dernières années, la gamme des matériaux étudiés et les problématiques de base n’ont pratiquement pas changé. Par contre, les moyens d’analyse ont été perfectionnés de manière cruciale permettant une augmentation extraordinaire de la qualité et la quantité des données. Dans bien des domaines, l’avancée des connaissances a donc été spectaculaire permettant de renouveler complètement notre compréhension de l’histoire des techniques et de l’économie.