bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Ratio of Osteoporosis According to Body Mass Index, Parity, and Caffein Consumption
Authors: Limbong Elsa Adlina , Syahrul Fariani
Published: April 2018

The number of osteoporosis tends to increase in Indonesia. East Java is one of five provinces with the highest risk of osteoporosis in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze risk ratio of osteoporosis for women according to BMI, parity, and caffeine consumption. Research used observational analytic with case control design. Sample case came from women with osteoporosis who reside in surabaya and did the checkup at Dr. Soewandhie Surabaya Hospital at 2013–2014. Control sample came from non osteoporosis women who reside in surabaya and did the checkup at Dr. Soewandhie Surabaya Hospital at 2013–2014. Respondents consisted of 45 cases and 45 controls were obtained using simple random sampling method. Data was obtained from primary and secondary data. The independent variables were body mass index, parity and caffeine consumption. Analysis was done by using OR calculation on Epi Info with significance level 95% CI. The risk ratio of each variable include BMI (OR = 2,99; 95% CI = 1,16 < OR < 7,74), parity (OR = 2,72; 95% CI = 1,07 < OR < 7,01), and caffeine consumption (OR =2,41;95% CI = 0,91 < OR < 6,42. The conclusion are women who had BMI <18.5 were at risk of osteoporosis 2.99 times more than women who had BMI ≥18,5. Women who had parity ≥ 3 times were at risk of osteoporosis 2.72 times more than women who have parity < 3 times. Women who consume caffeine ≥ 2 cups/ day were at risk of osteoporosis 2.41 times more than women who consume caffeine <2 cups/day but not significant. Researcher recommend women to have normal BMI and limit the number of births to prevent osteoporosis.Keywords: risk, osteoporosis, BMI, parity, caffeine
Association Between Family Support and Post-Stroke Activity of Daily Living Autonomy
Authors: Karunia Esa
Published: April 2018

Nowadays stroke is a disease that caused the death of the fifth highest in the United State and the second at the age of 60 year old. Stroke caused some disability impact that can affect or interfere person when doing Activity Daily Living (ADL). On the otherhand, stroke also caused deprresion, so it takes a family to support stroke patients can perform the activity. Therefore, researcher investigated the relationship between family support with ADL post stroke. This research included observational studies, the design of the study was cross-sectional design. Sample was calculated using simple random sampling’s formula, and the result was 47 people. Reserch conducted at the medical rehabilitation of RSU Haji Surabaya in June-July 2015. The independent variables in this study werw age, gender, occupation, and family support, while the dependent variable was ADL independent of post-stroke. Data analysis using Chi-Square with a value of 0,05. The study showed the majority of respondent had a stroke aged 43-61 years, male sex, and didn’t work. Based on analysis using Chi-Square, there was a relationship between family support with ADL independent of post-stroke (p=0,018<0,05), but there was no relationship between age, sex and occupation with ADL independent of post-stroke with each p=0,197, p=0,271, and p=0,501. Most of respondents got a good family support, so that respondents can be nore independent in activities. It was hoped that family to continue to provide positive support to respondents.Keywords: Family support, Independence, Activity Daily Living, ADL, Post-stroke
The Association Between Exercise Habit and Incidence of Hypertension Among Patients over 45 Years Old
Authors: Putriastuti Librianti
Published: April 2018

Hypertension is the one of non-communicable diseases that interferes  circulation system and quite disturbing the public’s health. Globally, hypertension is estimated to causes 7,5 million deaths, about 12,8% of all deaths. The purpose of this research was to analyze the correlation between exercise habit with hypertension incidence in patients more than 45 years old. This research was observasional analytic study and used cross sectional design. This research was conducted to 97 patients who visited Kedurus public health center in May 2015used systematic random sampling. The dependent variable in this study was hypertension, while independent variables were the status of exercise, frequency of exercise and duration of exercise. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. The result showed that the incidence of hypertension mostly suffered by respondents age 45 to 59 years old was equal to 52,8%, female (80,6%) and educational level was senior high school (26.4%). The crosstabulation with chi-square test showed that there was a significant correlation between status of exercise with hypertension incidence (p=0,001). Beside that, unsignificant correlations were shown between frequency of exercise (p=0,068) and duration of exercise (p= 0,710) with hypertension in patients more than 45 years old. From all variables which were studied, only status of exercise that had a significant correlation with hypertension incidence in patients more than 45 years old. Therefore, it is recommended especially for people more than 45 years old to do regular blood pressure check and exercise to reduce the risk of hypertension.Keywords:      hypertension, status of exercise, frequency of exercise, duration of exercise, more than 45 years old
Influence Of Demographic Factors And History Of Malaria With The Incidence Malaria In MORU PHC
Authors: Manumpa Sudirman
Published: April 2018

Malaria morbidity in Moru health center, with parameter Annual Parasite Incident (API), amounted to 16.9% in 2014. This figure was still high when compared to the target of eliminating malaria in Indonesia about <1% in 2030. Incidence of malaria is more common in children aged 5 months - <12 years. This high rates of malaria leads to poverty, low level of learning achievement of children and in pregnant women causing low birth weight in babies and death. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of tertian and Tropikana malaria or combined Tropikana and tertian (mix) in Moru PHC in sub-district Alor Southwestern, Alor Regency.This study used a cross-sectional design, the population of study were all patients undergoing peripheral blood examination in Moru PHC’s laboratory from June to October 2015. The number of samples in this study was 173 respondents. The sampling technique was Simple Random Sampling. Instruments of data collection were a questionnaire and observation sheet.Results of the study by Chi-Square test showed that the factors influencing the incidence of malaria were socioeconomic status (sig 0,000), education level (sig 0.001). By using multivariate analysis with logistic regression test, results were obtained the age of 5 months - <12 value (sig 0.025) and socioeconomic status (sig 0,000) influencing the incidence of malaria.Variables that affect the incidence of malaria were demographic factors such as age, education level, socioeconomic status. It is advisable to harness swamp thus improving the economic status of society and build permanent house.Keywords: incidence malaria, demographic factors, history of malaria
Establishing Civilian Control over the Armed Forces
Authors: Wardoyo Broto
Published: April 2018

Using simple regression, this paper examines the explanans to the degree of civilian control over the armed forces. This paper takes into consideration four of the most considered independent variables to explain the degree of civilian control over the armed forces, i.e. internal threat, economic condition, civil liberties, and military access to resources. It suggests that the degree of internal threat is negatively correlated with the degree of civilian control over the armed forces while economic condition, civil liberties, and defense spending, or access to resources, enhance the degree of civilian control over the armed forces. In addition, it also suggests that civil liberties have the highest influence to the degree of civilian control over the armed forces, controlling the other independent variables. Since civil liberties are closely related to degree of democracy, it basically confirms previous research that suggest the degree of civilian control is closely and positively correlated with the maturity of democracy.
Sekuritisasi dan Kerjasama ASEAN dalam Meningkatkan Keamanan di Perairan Kawasan
Authors: Djelantik Sukawarsni
Published: April 2018

Sejak awal tahun 2016, kelompok teroris Abu Sayyaf yang bermarkas di Filipina Selatan meningkatkan aktivitas dengan membajak kapal-kapal berbendera Indonesia dan menyandera awaknya. Asia Tenggara dinyatakan sebagai perairan yang rawan kejahatan, sehingga kerja sama dan sekuritasi isu dalam bidang militer, politik, dan penegakan hukum perlu ditingkatkan. Tulisan ini menjawab pertanyaan: ”bagaimana efektifitas upaya-upaya sekuritisasi di kawasan untuk meningkatkan keamanan di perairan Asia Tenggara? Analisis dilakukan melalui empat pendekatan yaitu pelaku sekuritisasi (securitizing actors), bentuk-bentuk ancaman nyata (existence threat), warga negara sebagai reference object dan target yang disekuritisasi (audience). Pembahasan berdasarkan berbagai upaya yang dilakukan dan kebijakan negara-negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara, dengan fokus terhadap Indonesia.
Neo-Eurasianism in Russian Foreign Policy: Echoes from the Past or Compromise with the Future?
Authors: Nugraha Aryanta
Published: April 2018

With its growing geopolitical inclination, Russian foreign policy has beenconsidered as a resurgence of Eurasianism (Neo-Eurasianism).Notwithstanding its strong geopolitical sense, Eurasianism is multifacetedconcept. It is often associated with philosophical thinking, cultural andpolitical doctrines which changed over time and yet full of contradictions. Thisarticle seeks to find out the influence of Neo-Eurasianism in Russian foreignpolicy. Tracing back the idea of Eurasianism from historical perspective andemploying Graham Smith classification on school of Eurasianism, this articleargues that the rise of Neo-Eurasianism in Russia is driven by the needs todefine and strengthen the spheres of influences. It is mainly motivated byethnocentric sentiments to expand the sphere of influences across the border as a safeguard and protection. Neo-Eurasianism compromises building aforeign policy consensus based on political culture and national awareness.
Gerakan Femen di Ukraina dalam Kritik Posmodern Feminisme Terhadap Posfeminisme
Authors: Pabyantara Dias
Published: April 2018

This paper argues, posfeminist claims in post-1990 about the absence of oppression of women by patriarchal structures is not entirely true. They are still there. One indication is the emergence of a topless movement called Femen. in Ukraine. They protest against three things: dictatorship, religious institutions and the sex industry. The emergence of the Ukrainian Femen at least supported by two things, domestic and international. Domestic factors consist of democratization and Barbie lifestyle emerging in Ukraine and international factors that include the globalization of information and the ratification of the International Convention CEDAW. These factors support the assumption about the emergence of Femen as postmodern, in a quadrant of the second wave of feminism. This movement has been falsely interpreted as the existence of oppression of female identity in the midst of patriarchal structure.
Stimulation Programme for Development of Cognitive Functions of Pupils From Marginalized Romany Communities in Slovakia
Authors: Hlebová Bibiána
Published: April 2018

Subject of the study is the issue of effectiveness improvement within the education of socially disadvantaged pupils originating from marginalized Romany communities in younger school age in Slovakia through the stimulation of deficit cognitive functions, in the process of development of their communicative and reading competence. Main objective of the paper is presentation of stimulation programme proposal for development of cognitive functions (sorting, sequential auditory memory, short-term visual memory, addition of sequential patterns, perspective taking, and verbal planning) based on the methodology of dynamic testing of cognitive functions according to diagnostic measure ACFS (Application of Cognitive Functions Scale, Czech version, Lidz, Jepsen, Krejčová, 2014), for work with the adaption of Romany literary text (folk-tale) Children of the Sun from D. Hivešová-Šilanová. Children protagonist from socially disadvantaged backgrounds – Roma boy Lavutaris very sensitively perceives social differences in the intentions of own, minority society, as well as in their co-existence with the major society, and thus the implementation of cognitive stimulation programme takes on significance not only in the process of communicative and reading competence of socially disadvantaged pupils in younger school age, but within the multicultural and emotional education of all the pupils in terms of school inclusion in Slovakia as well.
Sistem Analisis Pengembangan Usaha Kecil Menengah Agroindustri Jamu di Surakarta
Authors: Kusnandar Kusnandar
Published: April 2018

Indonesia sebagai negara yang mempunyai tingkat keanekaragaman hayati tinggi merupakan aset yang mempunyai nilai keunggulan komparatif dalam pengembangan agroindustri jamu. Pengembangan agroindustri jamu merupakan permasalahan yang kompleks yang melibatkan berbagai elemen, bersifat dinamis dan probabilistic, sehingga pendekatan system diperlukan dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut.

Pada tulisan ini akan membahas pengembangan agroindustri jamu dengan pendekatan system dengan kajian meliputi; analisis kebutuhan, formulasi permasalahan dan identifikasi system berupa diagram sebab akibat dan diagram input output. Dari hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan pendapatan petani, kelayakan usaha, peningkatan pendapatan asli daerah, peningkatan kesempatan kerja, kelancaran kredit merupakan kebutuhan yang harus dipenuhi.
Pola Pengeluaran untuk Konsumsi Pangan Gizi Penduduk Indonesia (Analisis Data Susenas 1999)
Authors: Marwanti Sri
Published: April 2018

Pengeluaran untuk konsumsi pangan dan gizi penduduk Indonesia masih lebih besar dari pengeluaran untuk konsumsi bukan pangan. Peningkatan pendapatan dari penduduk golongan pengeluaran rendah sampai menengah masih akan meningkatkan konsumsi beras dan kalori dengan proporsi penduduk mencapai 72 persen. Penduduk berpendapatan 40 persen terendahn tergolong rawan konsumsi pangan. Pada pengeluaran yang lebih tinggi, konsumsi kalori masih meningkat tetapi konsumsi beras mengalami penurunan  seiring dengan peningkatan diversifikasi konsumsi pangan sumber kalori dari kelompok makanan yang lain.
Bilateral Neuropathy Dermatitis Following Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Barbera Joseph , van der Ven Alexander , Amjad Ibrahim
Published: April 2018

Case:

A 65-year-old man developed bilateral knee dermatitis in the distribution of the infrapatellar nerve 3 months following uncomplicated simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis. The patient was treated with topical corticosteroids, and the rash had resolved after 6 months. At the 2-year follow-up, there had been no recurrences.

Conclusion:

Neuropathy dermatitis is a rare cutaneous complication of TKA. Although a few theories exist, there is no definitive explanation for the underlying pathophysiology of this disease process.
Students as Producers and Active Partners in Enhancing Equality and Diversity: Culturosity at Canterbury Christ Church University
Authors: Lech Kasia , Hoople Lucy , Abiker Kath , Mitchell Moira , Mooney Phil
Published: April 2018

Equality and diversity of truths, of opportunity, of outcome, of dignity and of identities lie at the heart of the idea of university (Wolff, 1992, p. 68). However, despite the fact that the UK ‘has well-established equality law and practice’ and the Equality Act 2010 requires universities to implement changes that protect their students and employees from various forms and effects of discrimination, ‘inequality remains, albeit often in more complex and subtle forms than have been understood before’, argues David Ruebain (2012, p. 3).This study contributes to the discussion about equality and diversity practices in the university context by proposing strategies to embed into students’ learning community equality and diversity and subsequent graduate attributes. The case study is the Culturosity Project: an equality and diversity training initiative co-created by Dr Kasia Lech and a group of final-year students and graduates from Drama and Performing Arts programmes and delivered – as a Canterbury Christ Church University Partners in Learning project – to L4 and foundation-year students. The project was first delivered in 2015 and has now become part of student induction at the CCCU Faculty of Arts and Humanities.
Working in partnership with students to promote digital literacy and innovation at City and Islington College
Authors: Vandersteen Kerry Maria
Published: April 2018

The Student Digital Ambassador Programme is a pilot project for City and Islington College. It launched in October 2016, with the aim of improving the student experience with learning technology, developing digital literacies and driving change and innovation. At the same time, we hoped to promote student engagement and employability and to improve staff confidence and insight into student needs.We recruited eleven students from across the College, who like helping others, enjoy learning about new technologies and social media and want to enhance their study programme with valuable work experience. Students meet once a week and hours and successes are logged as part of their study programme.  At the end of the academic year, we shall award students with a certificate and personalised reference.We have shaped the programme around Jisc’s good practice principles for promoting digital literacies as well as our own strategies for student engagement and employability. So far, students have worked in partnership with the Digital Learning Team to give feedback and make suggestions on digital learning, to design and deliver training, to research and review the latest innovations, to create user guides, to support teaching staff with small-scale initiatives and to host events with speakers from industry.
A INTERAÇÃO ENTRE OS SUJEITOS (COMUNICAÇÃO) E O PROCESSO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES
Authors: Sarábia - Cavenaghi Luísa , Seolin-Dias Lucas , Marchiori Marlene
Published: April 2018

As interações sociais são frequentes e necessárias nas organizações para que diferentes atividades ocorram, por exemplo a aplicação de um conceito, o desenvolvimento de um processo e tomadas de decisões. Para o acontecimento da sustentabilidade em âmbito organizacional, entende-se que o desenvolvimento de práticas sustentáveis depende da compreensão dos sujeitos organizacionais e tal entendimento perpassa pela comunicação. Diante disso, o presente ensaio teórico busca compreender como a comunicação pode contribuir para a construção da sustentabilidade em contexto organizacional. Para tanto, faz-se uma análise da sustentabilidade e de abordagens da comunicação nas organizações entendendo que a comunicação entre os sujeitos a partir de uma abordagem interacional (construtiva) permite abarcar maior profundidade para a compreensão da sustentabilidade nas organizações resultando no desenvolvimento de práticas em prol da sustentabilidade.
New Fracture Hydrodynamics and In-Situ Kinetics Model Supports Comprehensive Hydraulic Fracture Simulation
Authors: Velikanov Ivan , Isaev Vadim , Bannikov Denis , Tikhonov Alexey , Semin Leonid , Belyakova Ludmila , Kuznetsov Dmitry
Published: April 2018

We demonstrate the advantages of a new hydraulic fracturing simulator comprising a fine-scale fracture hydrodynamics and in-situ kinetics model. In contrast to existing commercial modeling tools, it has a sufficient resolution and other functionality for adequate representation of modern stimulation technologies: pulsing injection of proppant, mixtures of multiple fracturing materials (fluids, proppants, fibers, etc.), materials degradation, etc. This simulator accounts for the influence of materials distribution on fracture propagation and calculates fracture conductivity distribution. We coupled it with a production simulation model and established a complete framework for hydraulic fracturing treatment design. In addition to the selection of the pumping schedule, this model can be used to define specifications for novel hydraulic fracturing materials. This is a step change tool for wellbore stimulation and production forecast.
An Integrated Approach to Explain Anomalous Gas Production from an Oil Bearing Reservoir
Authors: Bona Nicola , Riva Angelo , Martinenghi Carla , Mariotti Pamela , Bombaci Fabio , Rotelli Fabiana , Ragazzini Giovanna , Marco Miarelli
Published: April 2018

We discuss anomalous gas production data observed downdip of oil production in a thick oil reservoir. At the onset of production, the wells under consideration exhibited a sharp rise of the GOR with large disparity between estimated gas in solution and actual gas production. This was followed by a declining GOR period. After declining, the GOR rose and then fell off again in one of the wells. Such a behavior leaves little doubt that free gas exists. The reservoir pressure is approx. 20 bars above the bubble point, so these observations contrast with the general assumption that gas below the gas/oil contact must be in solution in the oil. The fact that free gas comes in peaks suggests the presence of large bubbles suspended in the oil at variable distances from wells. In order to understand how long a gas bubble can live in undersaturated oil and the conditions under which it can be mobilized, we analyze the system in terms of gravity-capillary-viscous force equilibria and investigate the kinetics of gas diffusion into the oil. We show that bubbles that are sufficiently large in width (hundreds of meters) and sufficiently small in thickness (a few meters) can move horizontally but not vertically (meaning that they remain suspended in the oil and are producible) and take hundreds of thousands of years to dissolve into the oil. The presence of these bubbles is compatible with the available geochemical data, which provide evidences that the source rock of gas is more mature than that of oil and probably still in the generation and expulsion phase. This unusual non-equilibrium situation was reproduced by means of 3D simulation approach, to confirm the conceptual model adopted.
Optimizing Laboratory cEOR Flooding Evaluations to Assess Initial Oil Saturation and Mobility Ratio
Authors: Foedisch Hendrik , Abdullah Hiwa , Hincapie Rafael E. , Ganzer Leonhard
Published: April 2018

We evaluate the polymer, surfactant and alkaline flooding performance in porous media by using an in-house innovative experimental setup. This, to reach an optimum experimental evaluation in an attempt to avoid repeated experimental failures reported in the literature. The workflow presented help us to understand the recorded data with high reliability and accuracy. Moreover, allow working at high temperatures and high salinities in order to mimic reservoir conditions.

The evaluation undertaken in this paper comprises four main steps: 1) Fluids preparation and optimization, beginning with an extensive rheological evaluation to define the optimum concentration/composition of the fluids. 2) Calibration of pressure sensors and pumps, and detailed determination of the system's dead volume. 3) Routine core analysis was performed, which included measuring porosity, permeability and pore volume. 4) Spontaneous imbibition experiments, secondary and tertiary mode cEOR flooding experiments. The core flooding experiments were performed at a constant flow rate of 0.15ml/min (equivalent to the field conditions of 1ft/day), then followed by a bump rate after Sor is reached.

The constructed setup proved to be beneficial on reducing the experimental failures by showing data reproducibility and precision. Small diameter tubings of 1/16″ minimized the dead volumes and core face differential pressure measurement allowed high accuracy at any injection rate. At elevated temperatures (50°C) polymer flooding in secondary mode showed 2% higher recovery compared to tertiary mode. Similar difference was observed at the ambient temperature. For the conditions evaluated in this work, HPAM polymer showed higher recoveries than those of Bio-polymer at higher temperatures. However, lower recoveries from HPAM were observed at lower temperatures. In terms of surfactant flooding experiments the observed performance is significantly better in secondary compared to tertiary mode, as well as facing significant production of emulsion from suboptimal surfactant solutions. Thoroughly examining these differences in recoveries, two key factors were considered to be of critical interest: initial oil saturation and mobility ratio. Moreover, CT scan imaging allowed assessing capillary end effects during oil saturation. A detailed comparison between dry and saturated core images was performed to insure no capillary end effects existed. Finally, a developed mathematical simulation model permitted to quality check the work and create a benchmark for further evaluations.

The workflow presented in this paper helps to close the gaps often discussed in the literature with regards to flooding experimental failures at core plug scale. Thus, it can help fellow researchers to optimize their workflow and enhance the final results to aid in fluid evaluation and assessing the optimum cEOR process.
Near Wellbore Two-Phase Effect of a Light Oil Field
Authors: Zhou Zhaocong , Lamberti Andrea , Locci Andrea , Parasiliti Valerio , Prevosti Paolo , Tripaldi Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

This work describes a case of a light oil field in Sub-Saharan Africa. Soon after the start up, the production wells showed a productivity index different from expectation. In particular, well test analysis showed different stabilizations between build-up and drawdown. Since the well is flowing with pressure below the bubble point, the impact of oil permeability reduction due to presence of free gas around the wellbore was considered as a possible explanation and was investigated.

We applied well test analysis on synthetic data generated by numerical simulation. The analysis confirms the different stabilizations between pressure build-up and drawdown, as observed from the real field case, when the flowing bottomhole pressure is below the bubble point pressure. The different flow capacity is caused by gas saturation around the wellbore, which reduces the effective permeability to oil, hence the productivity index.

Besides this, we experienced that a full field model with large grid size is not able to represent this phenomenon. Due to the grid size, the full field model shows less pressure drop than the radial sector model, hence different gas saturation calculation. We showed that in order to simulate the effect without impacting on simulation time, applying higher well skin instead of local grid refinement can be a way forward.
Investigating the Uniformity of In-Situ Asphaltene Deposits in Sandstone Rocks
Authors: James Abraham Jocin , Mehana Mohamed , Fahes Mashhad
Published: April 2018

The stability of asphaltene molecules is tied to the changes induced by temperature, pressure or composition. Therefore, the precipitation of these molecules is expected during various operations and at different stages of well life. While the deposition and remediation of asphaltenes in wellbores and pipelines are well-addressed, the deposition phenomena in reservoir rock and its impact on rock characteristics and fluid dynamics is still not well-developed. We have developed an experimental workflow to create a uniform deposit of asphaltene inside the core sample. The results show that injecting oil or a heptane/oil mixture results in a non-uniform deposition of Asphaltene, which was quantified using the TOC and density measurements. Uniform exposure to crude oil and deposition was obtained through vacuum saturation of the cores. However, permeability impairment is evident in both cases; whether the deposition is developed using vacuum-saturation or injection. Interestingly, the absolute permeability damage could be mitigated by reversing the injection flow direction which suggest that pore throat plugging is the main damage mechanism, while deposition onto the rock surface is the secondary damage mechanism for absolute permeability.
A Well Placement Optimization Constrained to Regional Pressure Balance
Authors: Al-Ismael Menhal , Awotunde Abeeb , Al-Yousef Hasan , Al-Hashim Hasan
Published: April 2018

Reservoir characterstics and profitability are two important constraints in any field development. Net present value (NPV) is usually used to measure the cash flow profitability profile and determine associated financial risks. On the other hand, voidage replacement ratio (VRR) is used to measure the rate of change in reservoir energy. In recent studies, VRR was used as an additional objective in well placement optimization. Such studies proposed minimizing single value of VRR that represents the entire reservoir. However, such single VRR value may not detect unbalanced distribution of reservoir pressure. Severe alteration of voidage replacement distribution could occur in the reservoir that could not be represented accurately by a single value of VRR. Therefore, we propose a more efficient method to overcome disparate regional pressure changes in well placement optimization. This new method is based on optimization of NPV constrained to regional average pressure of the reservoir. Differential evolution algorithm was applied to find the optimum well locations that yield the maximum NPV constrained to regional pressure balance. The regional pressure balance was achieved by specifying a maximum allowable difference between any two regional pressures. We evaluated four scenarios of reservoir development. The first two scenarios involve the use of predefined well patterns. In these scenarios, the well locations were selected without any optimization. The third scenario involves the optimization of well placement without constraining it to any pressure balance. The fourth scenario involves optimization of well placement constrained to regional pressure balance. The results obtained indicate that we can minimize the difference of average pressure between regions while achieving high values of NPV. This helps to have a uniformly distributed reservoir pressure throughout the production life of the reservoir.
Cyclic Flow of Two Immiscible Phases
Authors: Rabinovich Avinoam
Published: April 2018

We derive an analytical solution for two-phase cyclic flow assuming incompressible fluid and rock, one dimensional flow and negligible capillary pressure effects. The solution is intended to model subsequent periods of injection and production in a reservoir or core sample. It pertains to applications such as gas storage in water bearing formations or enhanced oil recovery by CO2 cyclic injection. Derivation is based on the method of characteristics and leads to an extension of the Buckeley-Leverett solution to cyclic injection. The saturation profile consists of two functions separated by a discontinuity. It is shown that the moving front advances during injection and recedes during production until returning back to the well. Some injected phase may remain in the reservoir after production and this in turn contributes to a deeper penetration during the next injection period.

The solution for saturation profile as a function of time is analyzed and shown to become steady periodic after a number of cycles. We investigate the solution dependence on the controlling parameters: relative permeability (power n in krw, krnw functions), viscosity ratio μw/μnw and nondimensional production time t˜prod.
Highlights of the TAMEST Task Force Report on Environmental and Community Impacts of Shale Development in Texas
Authors: Ehlig-Economides Christine
Published: April 2018

The combined horizontal well and multistage hydraulic fracturing technologies that enabled profitable hydrocarbon production from shale gas and tight oil formations were developed and originally proven in Texas. Through these technologies Texas crude oil production tripled, and natural gas production increased by 50%. The Academies of Medicine, Engineering, and Science of Texas (TAMEST) appointed a task force to report on the impacts of shale gas and tight oil development in Texas.

The task force goal was to evaluate the scientific basis of the current body of available information, both positive and negative, and effectively communicate to the public the current state of knowledge of environmental and community impacts of shale development in Texas. The task force members were selected from academia, industry, governmental agencies, and non-governmental organizations and focused on six key aspects: air, land, water, seismicity, transportation, and community social and economic impacts.

Task force members summarized the published information they found and prepared findings and recommendations. Together these represent a thorough review of the Texas shale experience. This paper will present findings most informative for regions with potential resource plays.

Tight oil development has brought the United States from a threatened condition under which oil consumption relied on nearly 60% imports to a sense of energy security. Shale gas development has enabled switching electric power generation from coal to cleaner and more efficient natural gas. Further, natural gas backs up power generation from intermittent renewable energy sources like wind and solar. Understanding the environmental and community impacts in Texas enables a more informed evaluation of the costs and benefits of these intense development practices.
Study on the Coupled Effect of Effective Stress and Methane Gas Adsorption on the Porosity and Permeability of Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Tian Wei , Liu Huiqing , He Shunli , Wang Jing , Zhang Zequan , Zheng Majia , Ning Zhengfu
Published: April 2018

Shale gas is considered very important unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Due to the technological advances of hydraulic fracturing, the development of shale gas has become the main focus in recent years. Porosity and permeability are the most important petrophysical parameters during the production of shale gas. A considerable amount of research work has been carried out on stress law of porosity and permeability. However, nearly none of them considered the effects of methane adsorption.

This paper utilizes the simplified local-density (SLD) theory to study adsorption of supercritical gas in shale gas reservoirs. On the basis of the basic features of high pressure supercritical adsorption of shale gas, Peng—Robinson equation is used to describe adsorbed fluid. The interaction between the gas molecules and porewalls of shale is considered using Lennard-Jones potential. Finally, we establish the SLD model to do regression analysis for the adsorption experiments data. The density of adsorbed phase and free phase density could be obtained applying SLD model and then the amount of gas adsorption can be determined. The Gibbs adsorption amount calculated using the SLD model is used to establish matrix strain model. Finally, the strain model is incorporated into widely used analytical porosity and permeability models to develop the coupled model with consideration of the coupled effect of gas adsorption and stress on the porosity and permeability of shale gas reservoirs. And the trend of variation of porosity and permeability of shale rocks taking account of the effects of stress and gas adsorption can be obtained.

Lab experiments of gas adsorption of methane gas are made on three shale samples. The developed SLD model is applied to describe gas adsorption data. The outcome indicates that SLD model can properly analyze and fit the experimental data. From the results calculated by the new developed model of porosity and permeability, we can conclude that porosity ratios and permeability ratios of gas shales decrease with the increase of pore pressure, which is contrary to the tendency of changes in porosity and permeability only taking account of the effects of effective stress. This result demonstrates that gas adsorption has very large impact on pore volume, therefore the deformation of matrix induced by the adsorption of methane gas cannot be neglected.

The proposed model could further be used for the accurate evaluation of storage capacity of shale gas reservoirs and gas production of wells.
Flow Diagnostics for Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Spooner Victoria , Geiger Sebastian , Arnold Dan
Published: April 2018

In this paper we describe new and innovative flow diagnostics tools for dual porosity models for naturally fractured reservoirs. Our new diagnostic tools allow us to compare and rank large numbers of geological models based on their approximate dynamic response in almost negligible time. Fast ranking methods allow us to select a representative ensemble of models that quantify geological uncertainty for robust production forecasting via full physics reservoir simulation.

Reliable production forecasting for fractured carbonate reservoirs is a challenge. Natural fractures, adverse wettability and complex matrix heterogeneity are all highly uncertain and can all negatively impact upon recovery. Ideally we should consider a large and diverse ensemble of reservoir models to quantify the impact of geological uncertainty on reservoir performance. However, the computational cost can be significant, especially for dual porosity/permeability models. A brute force approach using powerful workstations, clusters or cloud computing can be taken to reduce the time investment. But this is not always possible, rendering robust uncertainty quantification impractical for many asset teams. Often only a small subset of scenarios is considered which may collapse into a single base case, from which development decisions are made. Base cases often fail to predict future production, need frequent modifications, lack geological realism and provide incomplete risk assessments, often causing asset teams to miss economic opportunities.

Flow diagnostics can provide dynamic reservoir information in a fraction of the time for full physics simulation. We propose a workflow where we utilise flow diagnostics as a ranking tool to complement forecasting using reservoir simulation throughout. Our approach addresses the model run time, allowing us to use standard hardware. Flow diagnostics solve simplified physics to approximate the dynamic response of the reservoir, from this we can calculate and visualize key dynamic properties (e.g., time-of-flight, drained and swept reservoir volumes, time-to-breakthrough, decline rates, sweet spots, well-allocation factors). Flow diagnostics provide robust indicators of dynamic heterogeneity that allow us to select a diverse ensemble of models that captures the range of uncertainty.

In this work, novel diagnostics utilising physically based transfer models have been developed to account for the fracture-matrix exchange, which otherwise could only be obtained from lengthy simulation. A new Damköhler number based metric DaDP links the advective time-of-flight in the fractures to the transfer from the matrix. DaDP identifies fast and slow draining regions of the matrix, stagnant regions within the fracture network and wells at risk of water breakthrough. This information can subsequently be used to optimise well placement and rates to maximise production and delay water breakthrough.
Editorial
Authors: Santos Jr. Carlos Denner dos
Published: April 2018

Edição especial sobre software livre.
ANÁLISE DO NÍVEL DE ABERTURA DE DADOS GOVERNAMENTAIS DA ÁREA DO TRÂNSITO NO BRASIL
Authors: Matheus Ricardo , Rodrigues Denis , Vaz José Carlos , Jayo Martin
Published: April 2018

O artigo teve como objetivo identificar o nível de abertura de dados governamentais dos departamentos de trânsito dos governos estaduais (DETRANs) no Brasil. Foram usados dois instrumentos de avaliação: o Esquema de Cinco Estrelas de Berners-Lee (2010) e os 15 Princípios de Dados Abertos do Opengovdata (2007). A partir deles, construiu-se uma metodologia para análise estruturada, aplicada a três conjuntos de dados: os da Carteira Nacional de Habilitação (CNH), os de veículos, e os de infrações de trânsito (multas). Os resultados da análise indicam: baixo nível de abertura de dados e de qualidade das iniciativas de abertura; ausência de padronização de abertura dos dados de trânsito; e ausência de regulamentação específica para estimular e/ou tornar obrigatória a publicação dos dados de trânsito em formato aberto.
Validation Cytotoxicity Assay for Lipophilic Substances
Authors: Esteves-Pedro Natalia Mencacci , Sugibayashi Kenji , Ostrosky Elissa A. , Ferrari Marcio , da Silva Sufi Bianca , Mathor Monica Beatriz , Moreno Paulo Roberto H. , Lourenco Felipe R. , Consiglieri Vladi Olga , Baby Andre R. , Kaneko Telma Mary
Published: April 2018

It is challenging to disperse lipophilic substances in a validated cytotoxicity assay, especially
for compounds with log Kow greater than or equal to 5 that may show false negative results. The purpose
of this study was to explain the challenges in conducting a cytotoxicity validated test of lipophilic substances:
Minthostachys setosa, Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus, and Drimysbrasiliensis essential oils. Additionally,
we compared the equivalence of Neutral Red (NR) and 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -5- (3-
carboxymethoxyphenyl) -2- (4-sulfophenyl) -2H -tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) in detecting cell viability.
The Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) technique was used to evaluate the dispersion of essential oils
and cytotoxicity in accordance to the guidelines of the OECD / GD 129 validated cytotoxicity assay. We
compared the equivalence of vital dyes by TOST equivalence test. According to the results, we demonstrated
the possibility of using other ways to disperse the lipophilic substances. Based on the HLB theory,
we selected polysorbate 20 as the best solubilizing agent of the essential oils studied in D10 culture medium.
Telescopic Denture
Authors: Hakkoum Mohammad Ayham , Wazir Ghassan
Published: April 2018

Aim:

This article explains the concept of telescopic denture.

Procedure:

It describes the different types of telescopic attachment (or double crown), and provides an overview of the advantages and the disadvantages of this type of prosthodontic treatment.

Conclusion:

The indications and the clinical applications of telescopic denture are discussed.
Mycobacteriosis and Tuberculosis: Laboratory Diagnosis
Authors: Azadi Davood , Motallebirad Tahereh , Ghaffari Kazem , Shojaei Hasan
Published: April 2018

Background:

Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases that has claimed its victims throughout much of known human history. With Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus as the etiologic agent of the disease, his sanitary and hygienic measures, which were based on his discovery and the development of a vaccine against tuberculosis by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin in 1921, an attenuatedMycobacterium bovisstrain, bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and the discovery of the first antibiotic against tuberculosis, streptomycin by Selman Waksman in 1943, soon led to the opinion that appropriate control measures had become available for tuberculosis and it had been assumed that the disease could ultimately be eradicated.

The emergence of resistant strains of this bacteria and widespread distribution of the disease in the world, and the emergence of the AIDS epidemic destroyed any possibility of global control of tuberculosis in the foreseeable future.

Objectives:

The purpose of this review is to highlight the current scientific literature on mycobacterial infections and provide an overview on the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis infections based on conventional phenotypic and modern molecular assays.

Method:

In this study, a number of 65 papers comprising 20 reviews, 9 case reports, and 36 original research in association with mycobacteriosis and the laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial infections, were reviewed.

Results:

Based on our analysis on the published documents methods applied for the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis are continually assessed and developed in order to achieve more rapid, less expensive, and accurate results. Acid-fast staining and culture for mycobacteria remain at the core of any diagnostic algorithm with the sensitivity of 20-70% and specificity of 95-98% for AFB microscopy and the sensitivity of 95% and the specificity of 98% for culture based diagnosis. Following growth in culture, molecular tests such as nucleic acid hybridization probes and DNA sequencing may be used for definitive species identification. Nucleic acid amplification methods provide the means for direct detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosisin respiratory specimens without the prerequisite to isolate or culture the organism, leading to more rapid diagnosis and better patient care.

Conclusion:

As the researchers in a developing country, we strongly believe that despite significant advances in laboratory capacity, in many countries reliable confirmation of suspected mycobacterial diseases is hindered by a lack of knowledge on proper standardized methods, sufficient funds, suitably trained staff and laboratory supplies.
Problem struktury literackiej czwartej Ewangelii
Authors: Mędala Stanisław
Published: April 2018

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Medytacja nad historycznością przekazów o zmartwychwstaniu Jezusa
Authors: Schmatovich János
Published: April 2018

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Eschatologia proroka Joela
Authors: Brzegowy Tadeusz
Published: April 2018

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Urzeczywistnianie się Kościoła w liturgii
Authors: Schenk Wacław
Published: April 2018

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Duszpasterski Synod Archidiecezji Krakowskiej
Authors: Pieronek Tadeusz
Published: April 2018

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Szema‘ Israel (Pwt 6, 4) – tekst monoteistyczny?
Authors: Peter Michał
Published: April 2018

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Wyposażenie duchowe Mesjasza według Iz 11, 1–5
Authors: Wodecki Bernard
Published: April 2018

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„Pod wieczór życia sądzeni będziemy z miłości” (homilia wygłoszona w Kielcach podczas mszy św. za zmarłych biblistów)
Authors: Grzybek Stanisław
Published: April 2018

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Saduceusze – historia i doktryna stronnictwa
Authors: Tronina Antoni
Published: April 2018

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Liturgia pogrzebu dziecka w dawnej Polsce
Authors: Labudda Alfons
Published: April 2018

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HELMUT ENGEL SJ, Die Vorfahren Israels in Ägypten. Forschungsgeschichtlicher Überblick über die Darstellungen seit Richard Lepsius (1849), Frankfurt am Main 1979
Authors: Cholewiński Alfred
Published: April 2018

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FRANCESCO TUDDA, La Bibbia libro di autentica esperienza religiosa. Introduzione alla lettura spirituale delle Sacre Scritture, Milano 1977
Authors: Dziuba Andrzej F.
Published: April 2018

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Prorok i hagiograf
Authors: Jakubiec Czesław
Published: April 2018

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Kerygmatyczna wartość pochwały Jozuego na podstawie Syr 46, 1–8
Authors: Grzybek Stanisław
Published: April 2018

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Międzynarodowy kongres Serca Jezusowego (Tuluza 1981)
Authors: Koperek Stefan
Published: April 2018

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Ks. infułat Jan Domarańczyk (1895–1978). Liturgista i kapłan
Authors: Kowalski Jan
Published: April 2018

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IX Międzynarodowy Kongres Liturgiczny (Societas Liturgica)
Authors: Koperek Stefan
Published: April 2018

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IX sympozjum liturgiczno-pastoralne na temat „błogosławieństwa”
Authors: Danielski Wojciech
Published: April 2018

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Pochyleni nad stronicami Biblii
Authors: Grzybek Stanisław
Published: April 2018

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Elementy konstytutywne biblijnej radości
Authors: Grzybek Stanisław
Published: April 2018

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Teologia historii w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II
Authors: Jelonek Tomasz
Published: April 2018

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Termin „posyłam” w Księdze Izajasza
Authors: Wodecki Bernard
Published: April 2018

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Całun Turyński oczami lekarza (I)
Authors: Waliszewski Stanisław
Published: April 2018

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H. SCHLIER, Grundzüge einer paulinische Theologie, Leipzig 1981
Authors: Tomczyk Dominik
Published: April 2018

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Jana Kochanowskiego lektury biblijne
Authors: Chmiel Jerzy
Published: April 2018

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Pieśń nad pieśniami, czyli najpiękniejszy poemat o miłości zaczerpnięty z Pisma Świętego według tłumaczenia ks. Jakuba Wujka SJ, Kraków 1993
Authors: Fular Marian
Published: April 2018

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