bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Внутренние стимулы инновационной деятельности компаний
Authors: Сафронов Александр Дмитриевич
Published: October 2017

В данной статье рассматриваются факторы инновационной деятельности компаний, которые относятся к внутренним факторам, и являются либо характеристиками компании, например, её размер, возраст и акционерная структура, либо решениями, принятыми компанией, например, решение конкурировать на международных рынках или нанять высококвалифицированных специалистов. Анализ в данной статье показывает, что инновации востребованы особенно в высокотехнологичных производственных секторах, где успех компании в большей степени зависят от НИОКР. При этом компании малого бизнеса часто являются теми, кто разрабатывает продукты, которые в последствие становятся инновационными для мирового рынка. Кроме того, деятельность в области НИОКР повышает вероятность успешных инноваций, но отнюдь не является необходимым условием для инноваций.
Digital технологии подбора персонала
Authors: Шарапова Наталья Владимировна , Шарапова Валентина Михайловна , Швецова Дарья Михайловна
Published: October 2017

Мировая глобализация, развитие IT-технологий отражается на скорости развития бизнеса. Соответственно, становится необходимо наращивать темпы развития человеческого капитала с помощью Digital-технологий в управлении человеческими ресурсами. Цель исследования провести анализ действующей технологии подбора персонала в компании. Анализ технологии подбора персонала показал, что персонал агентства рекрутинга применяет самые популярные инструменты digital рекрутинга при закрытии вакансий. Первые шаги в погружении в сферу digital уже осуществлены. Но используемые инструменты уже сложно назвать инновационными. В связи с быстроизменяющейся средой рынка, не стоит останавливаться на развитии в данном направлении.
В качестве итога были предложены мероприятие по совершенствованию системы подбора персонала в рекрутинговом агентстве и рекомендации по их внедрению. В результате мы предложили к использованию программы, которые позволят автоматизировать простые этапы подбора. Кроме того, в качестве рекомендации мы предложили больше времени уделять аналитики процесса закрытия вакансии, для того, чтобы оперативно вносить изменения в бизнес-процессы компании.
Diagnóstico sobre la vulnerabilidad ecológica y calidad del agua en la quebrada La Central, Pacayas de Alvarado, Costa Rica
Authors: Araya-Ulloa Andrea , Calvo-Brenes Guillermo
Published: October 2017

Cambios en el entorno, tales como el uso del suelo, el tipo de geomorfología de la zona cercana a ríos, así como la intensidad y frecuencia de las precipitaciones pluviales que ocasionan procesos de escorrentía o el uso intensivo en actividades agrícolas y ganaderas; afectan tanto la calidad como la cantidad del recurso hídrico.
El objetivo del estudio fue elaborar una propuesta preliminar de manejo integral de la quebrada La Central que mejorara su calidad por medio de un programa de gestión ambiental. La investigación se llevó a cabo en la quebrada La Central que es la encargada de abastecer a los habitantes de agua para consumo humano de varios pueblos de la provincia de Cartago (Costa Rica).
Primeramente, se evaluó la calidad por medio de un índice de calidad del agua (ICA) en la naciente y varios puntos del río sobre el cual descarga la naciente, por un período de tres meses de la época lluviosa. Además, se evaluó la vulnerabilidad ecológica en la zona de estudio analizando distintos indicadores ecológicos. También, se hicieron entrevistas como mecanismo para evaluar las prácticas agrícolas de la zona.
Los valores del ICA mostraron un deterioro cada vez mayor de la calidad del agua de la naciente, provocado por incrementos en el contenido de nitratos, probablemente asociado a fenómenos de escorrentía causado por el aumento de las lluvias. Si bien estos niveles son menores a los 50 mg/L permitidos en nuestra legislación para agua de consumo humano, la contaminación podría aumentar en los meses de mayores precipitaciones pluviales. Los otros puntos de muestreo mostraron presencia de coliformes fecales, probablemente causados por actividades ganaderas en las zonas altas. La evaluación de la vulnerabilidad ecológica mostró vulnerabilidades altas o muy altas con algunos indicadores ecológicos evaluados.
Se recomendó efectuar un monitoreo de la calidad del agua que incluya los meses de mayor precipitación pluvial así como la implementación de programas de gestión y cultura ambiental con los agricultores y ganaderos de la zona, dentro de las cuales se debe incluir el empleo de buenas prácticas agrícolas.
Producción de Hidrógeno a partir de la fermentación de residuos agroindustriales de la piña
Authors: Montoya-Pérez Luisa , Durán-Herrera J. Esteban
Published: October 2017

Se estudió la generación de hidrógeno a partir de la fermentación anaeróbica de residuos agroindustriales de corazón de piña utilizando como inóculo lodos pretratados provenientes de una planta de tratamiento de agua residual del tipo UASB. Mediante un diseño factorial 23, se determinaron los efectos de la concentración inicial de sustrato, del pH inicial del medio de fermentación y de la formulación de nutrientes, sobre el rendimiento en la producción de hidrógeno. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron utilizando un pH inicial de 5,5, con una concentración inicial de sustrato de 5 (g de glucosa)/L y usando una formulación de nutrientes basada en magnesio, hierro, zinc y sodio. Posteriormente, utilizando las condiciones de operación anteriores, se realizó un escalamiento de la fermentación en un bioreactor de 5 L y se alcanzó un rendimiento máximo en la producción de hidrógeno de 1,541 (mol H2)/(mol glucosa). Este rendimiento es comparable con datos reportados en la literatura cuando se ha usado glucosa como sustrato. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que los residuos de corazón de piña podrían ser utilizados como una fuente renovable para la producción de hidrógeno.
Modelo de toma de decisiones de mantenimiento basado en la predicción de vida útil para componentes de sistemas eólicos en Costa Rica
Authors: Loría-García Ana Laura , Villalobos-Granados Edgardo Mateo , Piedra-Santamaría Carlos
Published: October 2017

Este estudio presenta un modelo de toma de decisiones de mantenimiento, donde se aplica el monitoreo de condición a componentes rotativos de aerogeneradores de eje horizontal instalados en Costa Rica, reduciendo la incidencia de fallas inesperadas, lo cual es consecuencia de la política de dejar fallar o apegarse a las recomendaciones del fabricante sin tomar en cuenta el entorno operativo, prácticas comunes en la industria eólica del país.

Se ofrece un modelo donde se definen dos valores umbrales de probabilidad de falla, los cuales se utilizan en la toma de decisiones de reemplazo de componentes, con el fin de optimizar los costos de operación y mantenimiento. Además, se brindan las pautas iniciales para ejecutar esta estrategia de mantenimiento en un proyecto eólico.

Las predicciones de los porcentajes de vida requeridas por el modelo ofrecido, se obtienen utilizando redes neuronales artificiales, las cuales tienen como entradas variables de condición representativas para cada componente en estudio (rotor, rodamiento principal, caja multiplicadora y generador eléctrico).
Aerobic and Anaerobic Threshold Determined by Specific Test in Judo Is Not Correlated with General Test
Authors: Azevedo Paulo , Oliveira João Carlos , Zagatto Alessandro , Pereira Paulo Eduardo , Andrade Perez Sergio Eduardo
Published: October 2017

Then the purposes of this study were to compare and correlate the aerobic threshold (THaer) and anaerobic threshold (THanaer) measured during a new single judo specific incremental test and Treadmill Test for aerobic demand evaluation. Eight well-trained male competitive judo players (24.3±7.9 years; height of 169.3±6.7cm; fat mass of 12.7±3.9%) performed a maximal incremental specific test for judo mimicking the UchiKomi drills and on treadmill in different days. There was difference between specific and general THaer (P=0.0006) as well as weak correlation for THaer (r=0.32; R2=0.1; P=0.2) and THanaer (rs=-0.31; R2=0.1; P=0.12). When correlation was applied with normalized data (percentage of peak load) we observed moderate correlation for THaer (r=0.76; R2=0.58; P=0.027), but the same was not observed for THanaer. We conclude that there is a need of THaer and THanaer evaluation through a specific test for Judo.
The Suitability of Pyrogen Test in vitro with Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell for Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Bivalent Vaccine
Authors: Cai Tong , Zhang Yuan , He Qing , Liu Qian , Pei Yusheng , Chen Chen , Gao Hua
Published: October 2017

To investigate the suitability of Pyrogen Test in vitro with Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) for Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Bivalent Vaccine, We collected 9 batches vaccines from different manufacturers. The recovery was determinated by human PBMC- IL-6 in vitro pyrogen test with spiking bacterial endotoxin. The recoveries of  batches were between 50%-200%, as the test solutions at a dilution less than the maximum valid dilution (MVD). The results showed all of the 9 batches vaccines were qualified products in pyrogen test. the human PBMC-IL-6 in vitro pyrogen test is suitable for Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Bivalent Vaccine to control the pyrogen. 
Results of Pilot Work on Extraction of Natural Bitumens From Oil-Wet Fractured Carbonate Rocks: Boca De Jaruco Field Case
Authors: Yudin E. N. , Petrashov O. V. , Osipov A. V.
Published: October 2017

The article is a continuation of the work of SPE 176699 [1]. It presents the results of the study of a new reservoir at the Boca de Jaruco field of the Republic of Cuba. This reservoir was not previously considered as a promising development, but in the process of pilot work (PW) from this reservoir managed to obtain an industrial inflow of oil. The paper presents the results of laboratory studies and the results of PW on testing of the technology of steam injection at two plots, the ways of optimization of development are considered.
Applications of Material Balance for Determining the Dynamic Performance of Fractures in a Dual-Porosity System in HP-HT Reservoirs
Authors: Alcantara R. , Ham J. M. , Paredes J. E.
Published: October 2017

Fractured systems are paramount to the productivity of carbonated formations; this is the main reason why the on-time appraisal of fractures behavior in High Pressure-High Temperature (HP-HT) Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (NFR) is decisive for the optimum selection of the exploitation strategy of the field. Considering the classifications for NFR proposed by R. Nelson and R. Aguilera, it is prone to apply the dual-porosity material balance to know the fractured network performance in different types of NFR during its exploitation, and to match the production history based on the discretization of the acting drive indices and its impact on the fractured system, resulting in one recovery factor for the matrix, and another for fractures.

Several HP-HT Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (NFR) were analyzed and the material balance models were adjusted to the values of compressibility obtained from real saturation data observed in cores and petrophysical evaluations based on rock quality, rock typing and computed through correlations in order to obtain the performance of the fractured system, indicating the corresponding contribution of both to the total reservoir production; therefore it is possible to calculate a single recovery factor for fractures and other for the matrix only, and consequently, determine the type of NFR whose behavior is representative of the pressure-production history matching, agreeing with the numerical simulation model.

Moreover, Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) was considered as a good source of information to determine some critical data that are useful for the calibration of dual-porosity material balance models and the resultant description of fracture behavior for the optimum characterization of NFR, despite of the fact that well tests are not always available for every single well and the adverse wellbore effects involved that could cause interpretation problems. Additionally, it was possible to determine the matrix block size with applied material balance and well testing, achieving a better understanding of NFR.

In this paper we present some cases of study of NFR hydrocarbon producers from Mesozoic age in the Southeast of Mexico with the applied methodology in order to reevaluate them, achieving important conclusions with the results obtained.
Coiled Tubing Boosts Efficiency of Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing Technique in Novoportovskoe Field
Authors: Belov A. V. , Shestakov S. A. , Trifonov A. V. , Korepanov A. A. , Simakov S. M. , Garenskikh D. A. , Tishkevich S. V. , Kichigin A. S. , Burdin K. V. , Vdovyak V. V. , Murzakhmetov R. A.
Published: October 2017

Today, when most reservoirs have low productivity, the question of whether hydraulic fracturing can be applied to the oil rims becomes very important. In such environment, the challenge of this widespread method of production intensification is significantly increased risk of gas breakthrough. Another challenge that is faced primarily during development of oil-rim (sub-gas) reservoirs is the selection of the most suitable completion designs. An outstanding example of oil rim stimulation was a project in Novoportovskoye field where an operator faced with a complex geological model of the reservoir characterized by an absence of strong clay bridges and minor contrasts in stress between interlayers associated with high risks of breakthrough into the gas zone.

In 2016, the Novoportovskoe field operator successfully performed a 20-stage fracturing job. An innovative optimized multistage fracturing (MSF) solution was used that employed shifted closable fullbore sliding sleeves operated by coiled tubing (CT) intermittently with fracturing operations. This method was used for the first time in the development of the hydrocarbon deposits of the Yamal Peninsula and is based on the use of sliding sleeves that allow opening and closing of separate hydraulic fracturing ports. Such a design allows, in the course of further operation of the well, to cutting off or separating ports to prevent the inflow of water and gas, or, at the same time, to conduct refracturing of certain parts of the formation if required. This technology, which optimizes the fracturing process by utilizing shifted closable fullbore sliding sleeves/ports consists of the following: Reclosable CT fracturing sleeve (fullbore cemented sleeve that could be opened/closed an unlimited number of times)Openhole hydraulic packers to isolate zones in case of uncemented completionCT shifting tool (CT/tubing conveyed)Multistage mechanical packer (optional, could be used in case of inability to close one of ports). The resettable packer could be activated in any part of liner with axial CT movements; 10 000-psi rated.

The main risk for hydraulic fracturing, in the absence of barriers is the proximity of the gas and water layers. Breakthrough of a hydraulic fracture into a gas- or water-bearing zone leads to a significant reduction in oil production rates. Stimulation operations in such difficult geographic and geological conditions have shown opportunities for the oil industry in the Arctic.
Multistage Fracturing at Top Gear
Authors: Demkovich M. , Ablaev A. , Vereschagin S. , Nizamova N. , Gromovenko A. , Burdin K. , Novikov M. , Starodubtseva K. , Karpov V. , Parshin N. , Ryazanov A. , Moiseenko A. , AyupovOAO R. , OOO A. Aleroev
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study was to identify efficiencies and prospects for future implementation of an advanced fracturing system for horizontal wells in which fracturing operations are combined with coiled tubing (CT) operations and are run together with CT inside the well. This results in decreased operation time for multistage fracturing (MSF) jobs.

Nowadays, in Western Siberia extensively used following workflow at wells: preoperational work (which include casing drifting, bottom-hole cleaning with sludge trap, coiled tubing slack off for opening a frac-port, pulling the coil out of the hole and following fracturing operation). The method of pumping fracturing operations through the annulus of a CT had been given especially for elimination of extra operationsat wells during jobs at Vinogradova field. The method implemented with a modern completion system that includes special four-way union and protector for coiled tubing and coiled tubing 50.8 mm. The paper contains the analysis of executed MSF jobs with coil tubing inside the well and special equipment which were used in order to implement all the operations during fracturing.

The innovative approach to cooperative work between the hydraulic fracturing and CT fleets enabled to reduce the operational timeline by 40% at the first well. As this technology comes into greater use in Russia and abroad, there will need to be sophisticated study and correct implementation. For future success, it will be necessary to perform an in-depth analysis to achieve further reduction in the operating timeline reduction and to eliminate complications in the process.
Well Completion Technology Evaluation for Oil Rim Field Development Using Permanent Tracers: A Case Study from North-Komsomolskoye Field
Authors: Gashimov R. R. , Salyaev V. V. , Nuykin A. M. , Arzamastsev G. G. , Safin A. F. , Mukhametshin I. R. , Nukhaev M. T. , Prusakov A. V.
Published: October 2017

Excessive sand production, uneven recovery of reserves throughout the length of a horizontal well and early water and gas breakthrough are deemed to be the main problems while developing poorly consolidated terrigenous fields with contact reserves. Assessment of feseability of possible completion systems (gravel packing and autonomous inflow control devices were chosen for implementation) is necessary at the pilot stage of the project. Pilot wells shall be monitored at each stage including development, recovery, observation over the dynamics of water and gas breakthrough processes. The use of traditional PLT methods is not always technologically feasible and cost-effective. This article describes the experience of using stationary of intelligent inflow markers for permanent monitoring for the purposes mentioned above.
Improving Quality and Efficiency in Exploration Well Testing on Perspective Fields of Uvat Project
Authors: Kulyatin Oleg , Sosnovskikh Andrey
Published: October 2017

Confidence and certainty in evaluation of formation properties based on performed hydrodynamic well testing at exploration well is one of key factor for oil & gas company not only for purpose of proving reserves, but as well in taking decisions on perspective well design, planning surface infrastructure and defining general strategy of field development. The present article covers various aspects on perfuming hydrodynamic well testing on field in Western Siberia, which ensure obtaining high quality well test data for confident and accurate evaluation of formation properties at exploration phase.

It is quite common in Western Siberia that well test materials, obtained through well testing exploration wells are of low quality and lead to high uncertainty evaluation of formation properties. It happens due to gathered material being inaccurate, incomplete and ambiguous, and can be questionable on fluid type saturating formation. To avoid such situation, good quality and descriptive well testing operations shall be planned to test the well in efficient manner. Steady practical depression shall be exerted on testing interval, with depression propagating in formation quite far and subsequent informative pressure build-up shall be registered, which will eliminate uncertainty in evaluation of formation properties and will ensure defining true well productivity [1,2]. In present article authors describe cycle of planning and onsite operations on hydrodynamic well testing with employing customized "welltest assembly" with jet pump.

Thanks to well-detailed planning, rational application of modern technical equipment and fit-for-purpose technological solution, along with strict and accurate adherence to hydrodynamic well testing program there can be achieved successful operational results, quality and representative well test materials and high efficiency in well testing operations at exploration well.
Adaptive System for Analysis and Interpretation of Combined Well Test Data
Authors: Sergeev Viktor Leonidovich , Hoai Phuong Nguyen Thac , Krainov Aleksandr Igorevich , Gorlach Aleksandr Yurevich
Published: October 2017

The objective of this work is to develop a system of models and an adaptive algorithm to analyze combined well test data with resulting inflow performance relationship (IPR) curve and pressure buildup (PBU) curves, which allows defining the reservoir parameters, the required number of test stages, and the test completion time while testing.

The adaptive system for data analysis of combined well test is based on an integrated system of interacting IPR and PBU curve models with time variable parameters and considering additional a priori information. The process of adaptive identification and interpretation of well test data implies consecutive interpretation of IPR and PBU curves at different test stages. The solution on test completion is taken on the basis of quality indicator by means of comparing current estimates with approximations obtained at the previous test stages.

The proposed system allows defining filtration parameters and the initial reservoir pressure as well as the required number of test stages and the test completion time, since input data are registered in real time. The case study of well test data analysis for gas wells equipped with Permanent Downhole Gauges (PDG) shows that the adaptive interpretation method provides robust estimates of reservoir parameters, which starting from the second test stage are almost as adequate as those obtained at the following stages.

This novel integrated system of IPR and PBU models takes into account additional a priori information with time variable parameters presented as unknown unambiguous functions of time. Adaptive algorithms of identification and interpretation allows obtaining robust estimates of reservoir parameters, required number of test stages and completion time of the test within data input process in real time.

The proposed adaptive system is a new resource-efficient technology to automate data analysis for intelligent well tests conducted with PDG in oil and gas fields.
PI Evaluation by Well Tests in Case of Low Permeability Formations Exposed by Complex Geometry Fracs
Authors: Kremenetskiy Mikhail , Kokurina Valentina , Morozovskiy Nikita , Grishina Ekaterina
Published: October 2017

This paper deals with the assessment of the well tests information value for the diagnosis and examination of various fracs in low-permeability reservoirs. The main identifying features of fracs are their complex configuration (manifested in the plurality and nonlinearity of fracs planes) and change in the fracs geometry in time. Informative features of well tests for the diagnosis and estimation of complex fracs parameters and their predicted influence on well performance have been justified
Well Performance Wireless Monitoring with Stationary Intelligent Tracer Systems on the Prirazlomnoye Oilfield
Authors: Morozov O. N. , Andriyanov M. A. , Koloda A. V. , Shpakov A. A. , Simakov A. E. , Mukhametshin I. R. , Nukhaev M. T. , Prusakov A. V.
Published: October 2017

This work describes the technology for inflow profiling based on the data from intelligent inflow tracers installed on production well completion elements at the Prirazlomnoye oilfield. Specially designed polymer matrices with tracers are installed at certain borehole sections depending on the well trajectory and the distribution of reservoir porosity and permeability. Individual sampling methodology and physical and mathematical model for tracing substance flushout and transportation are selected individually for each borehole and provide for not only qualitative but also quantitative inflow profile in the multizone horizontal well. The innovative technology described in this article helps solving tasks usually addressed by traditional well logging.

This study discusses the experience of Gazprom Neft Shelf LLC in implementing stationary tracing monitoring technology for horizontal wells in the Prirazlomnoye field.
A Comprehensive Approach to Basement Fractured Reservoir Development in the Pannonian Basin: Case Study
Authors: Polivakho Artem , Dragosavac Mile , Ezhov Kirill , Kharyba Elena , Bogatyrev Ilya , Stulov Leonid , Olneva Tatjana
Published: October 2017

The complex approach for analysis is especially actual for unconventional reservoirs of Pannonian basin related to fractured metamorphised rocks.

Oilfield T respresents complex fractured reservoirs presented by metamorphised schists of Paleozoic age. They composed of tectonic breccias, eroded rocks, sericite and crystalline schists.

At the beginning the field was producing by natural drive mechanism. At this period around 3% of geological reserves were extracted and it was resulted in formation pressure decreasing by 50-60%. After 5 years of such production there was a try to organize the system of peripheral waterflooding, but due to the geological complexity it failed. It was observed that wells productivity is very heretogeneous and the success of the conducted workovers is much variable.

The complex analysis of this field is of a great interest because it could be used as a reference object for further exploration and production in the region. Also, it could be a site for new techniques and approaches verifications, especially working with complex fractured reservoirs.

Therefore, the main goals of this work are deeper understanding of geology, estimation of heterogeneity with localization of the most productive intervals for further infill drilling and completion, and evaluation of oil recovery factor.

To achieve these goals all available information was analysed: geological and geophysical data, production history, and numerous special methods, which are explained further.
New Approach to Estimate Reservoir Complexity Index for West Siberian Fields
Authors: Naugolnov Mikhail Valerevich , Bolshakov Maxim Sergeevich , Mijnarends Runo
Published: October 2017

The main purpose of this project became a creation of the reservoir complexity index calculation method. This index should integrate the whole complex of geological characteristics which work on the reservoir engineering complexity in one value. The article describes the approach to calculation the reservoir complexity index based on the Gaspromneft Company's assets using simplified simulation. This index allows you to conduct an express assessment of the field potential and is useful in the process of benchmarking the fields of the Company or the region.

We analyzed widespread available approaches of figuring the complexity index (RCI) in which RCI acts as a function of a number of parameters affecting the Recovery Factor (RF). Then based on results of analysis a new advanced approach was submitted that takes into account, in addition to the main geological characteristics of the formation, the indices of layered and lateral inhomogeneity expressed in numerical form

During the next stage was realized the multivariate statistical modelling with 2D-simulator on the stream-line that is necessary for obtaining real function connection RF=f(RCI). For the simulation, statistical data of the fields of Western Siberia (Gazprom Neft Company) were used. Then with use of gradient method were matched weighing coefficients of equation linear regression expressing RCI as a function of its parameters.

As a result, a set of equations (linear regressions) with a different number of variables and different weight coefficients was obtained. These equations make it possible to calculate the field complexity factor for different sets of input data, as well as for different methods and development systems, operating conditions for the deposit, well completion types, field development periods, etc.

RCI for the company's fields was evaluated and noted the high convergence of project RF data with theoretical dependence found out earlier. At the same time, it was noted that for a number of Company's fields with a high index of complexity, the values of project RF could be unjustly uprate.

This approach was used for the benchmarking of the Company's fields and proved to be a good express method for assessing the field potential.

The aspects considered in the article are related to the new and quite unknown area in Russian speaking segment of OnePetro library. The novelty of the approach is to use a set of simplified simulation models to obtain the linear regression equation, and also to take into account in this equation the indices of reservoir heterogeneity in numerical form. It is also a point of interest to apply this approach in conditions of deposits in Western Siberia.
Control of Displacement Front Uniformity by Fractal Dimensions
Authors: Suleimanov Baghir A. , Guseynova Naida I. , Veliyev Elchin F.
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a study of the impact of fractal dimensions on water flood front propagation based on the analysis of well production profiles. The following parameters describing the water flood front dynamics have been calculated: flow and potential functions, fractal dimensions for time series of oil production, produced and injected water flow rate and the minimum distance from the displacement front to producing wells.

The Hausdorff – Besicovitch monofractal dimension was obtained using a box-counting method and the generalized Renyi Fractal Dimension based on multifractal fluctuation analysis. The proposed methodology allows management of the uniformity of displacement front propagation and control of viscous fingering.
Search and Argumentation of Decisions Aimed at Increasing the Efficiency of Bottom-Hole Zone Stimulation in Oil Accumulations with Challenged Reserves
Authors: Mukhametshin V. , Andreev V.
Published: October 2017

The main goal of the work was the algorithms of search creation and solutions justifications aimed at of Jurassic age hard to recover terrigenous deposits of the West Siberian oil and gas province bottom-hole formation zone treatment efficiency increasing with the use of the acidic compounds composition on the basis of the results analysis and in field conditions treatment experience generalization.

A total of about 300 impacts on the bottom-hole zone of wells with the use of acid compositions have been carried out. The methods of mathematical statistics and probability theory have been used. The influence of parameters characterizing objects’ geological features, technological features of wells and deposits performance, impact technology on success and impact effectiveness indices were studied. The impact effectiveness was reflected with the help of a complex of seven parameters characterizing the process from different perspectives. When analyzing and generalizing the results, the methods of nonparametric criteria, discriminant and stepwise regression analyses were used, which made it possible to formalize the impact process on the basis of the models obtained.

On the basis of the research, a set of algorithms is proposed allowing search and justification of solutions reducing costs significantly and risks when bottom-hole formation zone treatment is being performed. This set of algorithms allows: –to increase the treatments success basing on the established geological and technological conditions for the most successful treatment; scientifically-based wells selection, and treatment parameters regulation;–to predict the technological effect values by absolute and relative incremental oil rate and water cut production decrease, by oil production increase during the impact time; by the comprehensive efficiency parameter;–to justify the wells selection basing on any effectiveness criterion depending on company's tactics and strategy in the market economy environment;–to justify the impact parameters taking into account the deposits’ geological characteristics and objects’ development technologies.

The algorithms and techniques involve different volumes of geological information use, depending on its availability, the objects’ development stage and are offered for implementation within the analyzed objects and of the analogous range of objects.
Possibilities of Microseismic Monitoring Technology for Control and Optimization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Development the Case of Eastern Kazakhstan Oilfields
Authors: Anokhina E. , Zhegalina L. , Erokhin G. , Demidova E. , Strokov V. , Kozlov M.
Published: October 2017

The work purpose - application of microseismic monitoring in the process of technological actions. They are directed to intensification of hydrocarbon production, by identifying fracturing zones to control the fracturing, identifying zones of emission activity in the reservoir when injecting liquid in injection wells.

A feature of this technology is the possibility of determining fracture zones using surface observation antennas, without observation wells. This distinguishes it from traditional well monitoring technologies. Also, this significantly reduces the cost of work, since there is no need to stop the wells at the time of monitoring and additionally bear the costs of lowering special equipment. This technology, in addition, has a high resolution mapping.
Computation of Absolute and Relative Permeability Full Tensors for Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Blonsky A. V. , Mitrushkin D. A. , Kudryashov I. Yu. , Plynin V. V
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we consider the issue that come from flow modeling in fractured reservoirs. We review modern approaches applied for accounting the influence of fractures on flow behavior in both single porosity and double porosity models. We describe in details a DFN type two–phase flow model accounting for non-uniform fracture apertures, flow exchange between fractures, capillary and gravity forces. The Yang-Laplace model was applied for capillary forces. We have developed algorithms of absolute and relative permeability (water-oil) full tensors evaluation for fractured reservoirs. Finally, we present results for a section of field with fractured reservoir.
Study of Vertical and Areal Heterogeneity of Gas Composition in a Gas Condensate Field using Numerical Simulation Model
Authors: Khamzin Timur K. , Reitblat Elena A. , Lomukhin Alexander Y.
Published: October 2017

Development of Achimov formations is one of the most promising prospects to increase gas and gas condensate production for ROSPAN INTERNATIONAL Inc.

Despite large amount of fluid data for Achimov formations, marked by abnormally high pressures (55-60 MPa) and temperatures (104-115 °С), considerable uncertainties still remain, owing to areal and vertical heterogeneity of formation gas within single formation: gas condensate content varies more than twice in a range 150-330 g/m3.

Given that the current reservoir pressure has fallen below the dew point pressure for the most part of the license area, it is impossible to acquire new data on the initial gas composition, and existing data is not sufficient to eliminate the uncertainty.

Under these circumstances simulation modeling becomes a powerful tool, enabling an engineer to reduce uncertainties by the consistent use of all existing data from various sources, such as geological, lab and production data.
Application of 3D Geomechanical Modelling to Optimize Drilling and Completion on Active Exploration Drilling Phase
Authors: Kreknin Sergey , Tryasin Evgeny , Lushev Mikhail , Korelskiy Evgeny , Pavlov Valeriy , Maximov Danil , Strakhov Sergey , Zinovyev Aleksey , Grachev Oleg
Published: October 2017

The paper demonstrates the application of 3D geomechanical modeling results for: identifying zones of increased and lowered risks for entire area of the field, optimizing trajectories of production wells, and forecasting sand production in various productive horizons.

Synthetic cubes of the «safe drilling window» have been modeled for the typical design of the production wells in order to determine the intervals of increased risks from breakouts and mud losses point of view. Finite element method was used for 3D geomechanical modeling of the entire area of the field with usage of Local Grid Refinement (LGR) within the areas of active production drilling. The results of numerical modeling and elastic-strength properties of rocks was used for creation maps of drillability (gradient of pore pressure, gradient of breakouts, gradient of mud losses and fracture gradient) for various horizons over the entire area of the field to determine the safest zones in terms of drilling and zones where optimization of trajectories or well designs is necessary. Creation of the maximum possible depression maps before sand production occurs along the area of the field was made. Based on the drilling maps analyses, an example of the field demonstrates distribution of increased risks areas from drilling point of view and changes in the required mud weight or well design. Within the framework of the article will be shown the influence of existing tectonic faults on changes in the "safe mud weight window" and pressure before sand production will be determined. Based on the numerical modeling results, optimization of the field development system was proposed to reduce drilling related risks, optimize hydraulic fracturing design and reduce the probability of sand production.

The necessity of using geomechanical modeling results on every «life-cycle» of the field and actualization of the created geomechanical models is shown.

The example of the field in Eastern Siberia shows the possibilities of using 3D geomechanical modeling results to optimize drilling techniques, to reduce the probability of drilling related problems and problems related to sand production and completion system.

The influence of geomechanical factors on different processes during field development is shown, which ultimately can lead to the optimization of field development plan by collaboration work with geologists, drilling and development engineers.
West Salym ASP Pilot: Surveillance Results and Operational Challenges
Authors: Volokitin Y. , Shuster M. , Karpan V. , Mikhaylenko E. , Koltsov I. , Rakitin A. , Tkachev I. , Salym M. Podberezhny
Published: October 2017

In the West Salym field, a mature waterflood is ongoing with increasing water cuts and declining oil production. To counter the decline a tertiary oil recovery technique called Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) flooding was selected. Earlier studies indicated 15-20% potential incremental oil recovery due to ASP injection. An injection/production pilot to demonstrate oil recovery potential of the ASP flooding and collect information to decide on the subsequent commercial ASP projects was started with the preflush injection in February 2016. ASP injection started in July 2016 and was followed by the injection of polymer slug in February 2017. By the end of 2017 polymer injection is to be followed by the injection of postflush till the end of the project.

As the project is still ongoing the paper focuses on the pilot status, progress achieved, and plans for the remaining part of the project. To meet project objectives and collect data on the ASP flooding performance a dedicated surveillance program was developed and the results of the program are discussed below. Technical challenges encountered during the operation phase and the solutions applied to resolve those challenges are also the focus of this paper. Additional studies were performed to assess the performance of ongoing ASP flooding and their results are presented. Finally, laboratory data and field observations collected during the pilot operation phase are presented to support our conclusions.
An Innovative EOR Method for Waterflooding Heterogeneous Oilfield ---- Graded Diversion-Flooding Technology and Verification by Field Comparison Tests
Authors: Wu Xingcai , Wu Hongbiao , Bu Zhongyu , Bai Lei , Zhang Song , Yu Zhentao , Xu Hanbing , Zeng Qingqiao , Jiang Yuzhu
Published: October 2017

XJ6 is a conglomerate reservoir, with oil viscosity 80mPa.s. The reservoir is quite heterogeneous, and seriously uneven sweeping exists. For exploring high efficiency EOR method, three types of EOR models were designed, utilizing continuous phase crosslinked polymer gel (LPG), nano-micro grade particle type polymer SMG dispersion, and millimeter grade pregelled swellable particle (SLG). And field comparison tests were conducted.

In field tests, the chemical slug injection started in April 2013 and ended in January 2015. The injection liquid amount was 0.2PV. Model 1 features preset plugging slug of LPG carried SLG and the following oil displacing slug of LPG slugs with different viscosity, and the pilot consists of 25 injectors and 42 producers. Model 2 features preset plugging slug of LPG carried SLG and the following 4 times of alternate injection of SMG slug and small LPG slug, and SMG dispersion is the main slug in the model. Model 3 features three times of alternate injection of water and high viscosity LPG combined with SLG slug.

Model 1 and Model 2 obtained obvious effect quickly. For Model 1, due to continuous injection of viscous fluid, both of oil flowing resistance and water flowing resistance greatly increased, leading to low liquid supplying capacity for the producers, so the effect of oil increasing and water cut decreasing could not be further improved or sustained for a long period. For Model 2, the small slugs of SLG and LPG pluged or inhibited the macroscopic and midscopic scales of prevailing flowing, and the main slug of low apparent viscosity SMG dispersion was used to deal with the microscopic scale uneven sweep, in which, with the SMG particles temperarilly inhibiting the big pores or high permeability area, the water was diverted into small pores or low permeability area to efficiently displace the relatively high saturated remaining oil there. So Model 2 obtained better effect of oil increasing and water cut decreasing. During chemical injection in Model 2, the daily oil rate increased by 2.9 times, and that of Model 1 is 1.1 times. And the maximum water cut decrease of Model 1 and Model 2 was 32.2 and 46.2 percent respectively. Model 3 did not show obvious EOR effect.

The field comparison tests verified the advancement of Model 2, which features multi-grade diversion and displacement, and the scientific nature of syncronouse diversion and displacement mechanism. It also obtained economical success. Therefore, for waterflooded reservoir with complex pore structure and high heterogeneity, the multi-grade divertion and displacement technology can be used to greatly improve utilizing efficiency of the injected water, achiving the aim of oil recovery enhancement.
Reconstruction of the Initial State of a Gas-Condensate System Based on a Limited Set of Field Data; A Case Study of One of the Fields in South Caspian Basin
Authors: Dmitry Olenchikov , Alexander Semenov
Published: October 2017

A method is proposed and applied to one of the fields in the South Caspian Basin that allows to reconstruct the initial state of a partially depleted gas-condensate field using a limited set of initial data and assess the prospects of its development.

The method is based on numerical PVT-simulation with sequential stepwise gas saturation with equilibrium condensate to the dew point pressure that corresponds with the pressure at the gas-oil contact (GOC). The obtained composition at the GOC is then used to reproduce the variation of gas composition and condensate content with height above GOC taking gravity into account. At the final stage the obtained results are verified against well production data.

PVT-modeling was based on laboratory studies of recombined gas samle. The residue C10+ was divided into two pseudo components C10+(1) and C10+(2). To adjust the model to the experimental results, the properties of C10+(1) and C10+(2), and the shift-parameter of methane (Sv) were modified.

PVT-modeling allowed the following gas compositions to be calculated: –at the sampling depth and time;–at the sampling depth in the initial state;–at GOC depth in the initial state.

The calculation of gas composition variation with height above GOC was performed. For each of the compositions obtained, the potential content of C5+ was calculated.

From the development point of view, not only the initial state is of interest, but also the change of gas-condensate ratio (CGR) with reservoir depletion. To model this process, a constant volume depletion (CVD) experiment is generally used. The obtained dependencies allowed us to compare the results of calculations with the historical data.

Actual values, on the whole, correlate well with PVT-modeling data, and values that do not fit into the general paradigm of the obtained regularities are a reason for more in-depth studies of the reasons that led to such a difference.

The approach used allows to: –partially fill the lack of research by taking into account the physical principles of reservoir formation;–build an initial equilibrium reservoir state taking gravity into account;–reduce the uncertainty of reservoir production data.
System Approach to Justification of Gas Wells Pattern Arrangement under High Geological Uncertainty Conditions
Authors: Yazkov A. V. , Kadochnikova L. M. , Ramazanov R. R. , Martynov I. V.
Published: October 2017

The work deals with the problem of choosing the optimal of gas and gas-condensate wells pattern. Numbers of three-dimensional hydrodynamic models based on multi-variant calculations and economic analysis select the optimal wells pattern. However, creating a full-scale models is not always appropriate, for example, in case of low exploration at the initial development stage, the lack of investigation methods of reserves difficult to recover. In this case justification of the wells pattern should be based on other principles.

The article suggests a method of justification of the pattern arrangement, based on sectoral hydrodynamic models calculations. The advantages of sectoral models in case of low-data are the creation of local geological model based on the exploration wells data, little calculation time, interactive model changes. However, sectoral modeling has a several questions, for example the size of the sector or the boundary conditions. In the solution of the well location problem the modeling sector size determines the distance between the wells, which influences on the dynamics of wells technological parameters, the development time, cost effectiveness of the project.

The main idea of the proposed methods is to analyze of wells production in non-stationary filtration models (the maximum production rate in a minimum development time). The pseudo-stationary radius is based on the economic analysis.
Methods to Improve the Efficiency of Development of a Multi-Layer Offshore Gas Condensate Field: Thien Ung Case Study
Authors: Lubnin Aleksandr , Yudin Evgeniy , Sansiev Georgiy , Karimov Talgat , Bondarenko Viacheslav
Published: October 2017

This paper systematizes the results obtained in the process of design and development of Thien Ung, a multilayer gas-condensate field located in the continental shelf of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. It describes approaches to the planning of technical and economic performance and suggests methods for increasing commercial efficiency of the project.