bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vida ejemplar y heroica de Cervantes
Authors: Osterc Lúdovik
Published: August 2018

Hace trescientos ochenta años dejó de existir el más grande, el más noble y el más desdichado genio literario del mundo: MIGUEL DE CERVANTES SAAVEDRA. Nunca un hombre de tal magnitud ha tenido que sentir, en su propia carne, todo el peso de la corrupción, del cinismo y de la injusticia, por parte de una sociedad regida por clases privilegiadas, y nunca un hombre de tan gigantesca talla las ha combatido con un arte más asombroso y con un heroísmo, abnegación y firmeza más admirables.
The reception of Canadian literature in Slovenian translations till 1980
Authors: Dolenšek Vode Julijana Mary
Published: August 2018

At the beginning of this research, there were first of all some main questions hat had to be taken under consideration. The primary questions were: how many Canadian authors writing in English were translated into Slovenian, how far back do these translations go, who were the translators and what was the influence on the Slovenian reader. The main focus was given to the literary works that specifically spoke about Canada, her characteristics and people. On the other hand, literary works viewing the Canadian lifestyle, were not given thorough attention. This way the answer to how Canadian literature was accepted in Slovenia could be summarised. The geographical point of view has been a very important aspect. The vast Canadian land and the different locations mentioned in the translated works are of importance, especially when reflecting the great distances.
The gematrical numbers in dimensions of the "Melencolia I" engraving
Authors: Kurent Tine
Published: August 2018

The Melancholy engraving by Dürer and Agrippa is hiding its gematrical messages not only in the numbers of its magic square but also in the numbers forming its modular dimensions. If the sphere on the lower left side of the composition is 10 modules in diameter, the magic square measures 8 by 8 modules, and the print is 70 by 55 modules large. The circumference of the etching equals 250 and its diagonal 89 modules. In the numbers 55, 70, 250 and 89 are hidden gematrical messages, prayers, cursing, the name of the Melancholia itself and the names of its authors.
A letter of Marcus Antonius Kappus to Eusebius Franciscus Kino (Sonora in 1690)
Authors: Nabergoj Tomaž
Published: August 2018

The life and work of the Slovene Jesuit, Marcus Antonius Kappus (1657 -1717) who, three centuries ago, worked as a missionary in Sonora, north-west Mexico, has, in recent years, been the subject of several short studies in Slovenia. In this journal, Professor Janez Stanonik has, so far, published five letters which Kappus sent home to his relatives and friends, and one letter which he sent to hi s friend in Vienna, as well as a study on the collection of poems (276 chronograms) in Latin, which Kappus published in Mexico City, in 1708, entitled IHS. Enthusiasmus sive solemnes ludi poetici. Prompted by the above publications, the author of this paper spent a month in Sonora while journeying in Mexico in 1991. In Archivo General de la Nación (the general Mexican archives) in Mexico City, he happened to find another letter written by Marcus Antonius Kappus.
Australian poets in and about Europe since the 1960s
Authors: Maver Igor
Published: August 2018

During my last study stay in Australia in 1994 I got bold of two handsome newly published books of poems that caught my attention as a European scholar doing research "down under". These two books discussed bere are: On the Move: Australian Poets in Europe (1992), edited by Geoff Page, and Changing Places: Australian Writers in Europe (1994), edited by Laurie Hergenhan and Irmtraud Petersson. They have attracted some criticism in Australia, but hardly so in Europe, where the poems are set. It seems to be our task, of us European literary critics, to amend this, which this paper sets out to do.
Cervantes y la monarquia absolutista
Authors: Osterc Ludovik
Published: August 2018

La vida de Cervantes es un rosario de contratiempos, adversidades, vejámenes y sufrimientos. Miguel conoció la pobreza desde la cuna y la vida errante hasta la muerte.Apenas tocado por el hálito del prestigio literario en su juventud, habiendo escrito algunas poesías con motivo del fallecimiento de Ia tercera esposa del rey Felipe II, Isabel de Valois, por encargo de su maestro López de Hoyos quien lo Ilamó »mi caro y amado discípulo«, se vio envuelto en un duelo con un tal Antonio de Sigura, andante en la Corte, al cual había inferido varias heridas, según parece, por razones de honor. Este desafortunado suceso tuvo por consecuencia una cédula real que lo condenaba en rebeldía a que »eon vergüenza pública le fuese cortada Ia mano derecha- la mano de la pluma y la espada! -y a diez anos de destierro.« Pero, como no hay mal que por bien no venga, Cervantes huyó a Italia cuyo arte y cultura renacentistas lo fascinaron, salvando así su integridad física del bárbara fallo. En Roma entro en el servicio del cardenal Acquaviva en calida.d decamarero.
Estudios sobre el teatro de Gil Vicente: obras de crítica social y religiosa
Authors: Zimic Stanislav
Published: August 2018

La crítica más severa de la Farsa do Clérigo da Beira es la misma que se suele hacer a muchas obras gilvicentinas: "e muito desarticulada e consitituida por una série de sketches" . Contribuyen a tal conclusión los dos títulos de la obra, pues en el Índice de los libros prohibidos de 1551 se conoce como Auto de Pedreanes, del "demonio" que "profetiza" por boca de Cezília.
Louis Adamic and Vatro Grill: a partnership of equals?
Authors: Jurak Mirko
Published: August 2018

In 1956 Anton Melik, Professor of Geography at the University of Ljubljana, published a travelogue Amerika in ameriska Slovenija (America and American Slovenia). The author points out in his "notes" the pride of American people regarding their ·achievements, social and racial antagonisms which exist in the United States, and the fate of Slovene immigrants who must have found it difficult "to establish for themselves an equal position with other immigrants and old settlers due to their insufficient education and lack of knowledge of English".' A large part of Melik's book is devoted to his encounters with American Slovenes. Among them he also mentions his conversations with Vatro Gril, who knew Louis Adamic well and was a close friend of his. Melik says that Adamic and Grill were members of the same generation, they even attended the same secondary school in Ljubljana and they left for America in the same year, in 1913. When they met they discovered that they had the same or very similar views upon problems Slovene immigrants had in America. Melik also suggests that when a book is going to be written about Louis Adamic, Grill is the right person to contribute to it.
The fusion of the imagination and the material universe: Hugh Hood, Flying a red kite (1962)
Authors: Kustec Aleksander
Published: August 2018

In the first weeks of January 1957 Hugh (John Blagdon) Hood moved to Hartford, Connecticut, U. S. A, where he became Professor at Saint Joseph College. At the time Hood did not know that he was going to become one of Canada's greatest stylists and contemporary short story writers. Between January 1957 and March 1962, when he was going through a final selection o short stories for his first book, Flying a Red Kite (FRK), Hugh Hood wrote thirty-eight short stories and two novels (God Rest You Merry and Hungry Generations). The numbers show that Hood was an extremely productive writer in that period. From the thirty-eight stories he chose eleven for FRK, fourteen of them were published in subsequent collections, in various journals and short story anthologies, while thirteen of them have not been published yet.
'Nada se pierde' en "El cielo protector" y "Cita en Tombuctú"
Authors: Martín Santiago
Published: August 2018

El presente trabajo pretende comparar dos novelas distantes en el tiempo y en el espacio, a saber, The Protecting Sky (1949), de Paul Bowles, y Cita en Tombuctú (1996), de Joseph Subirós. La novela espaúola remite en más de una ocasión a la obra americana. Varios temas, presentes en ambas obras, que quisiéramos destacar: La fascinación por el continente africano; el desierto como telón de fondo; el viaje (especialmente interior) como formación del hombre civilizado en un entorno hostil; el amor carnal entre la mujer civilizada y el hombre salvaje; la huída del hombre civilizado de su habitat en busca de otros valores; y, la derrota, debida al desequilibrio (físico, mental y temporal) del hombre civilizado. Así, comparando las obras y mediante una frase ('Nada se pierde en el desierto') que Cita en Tombuctú presta de The Protecting Sky, la novela espaúola ofrece alternativas a los problemas planteados en la novela americana. Si en Bowles hay resignación, en Subirós hay esperanza.
The earliest translations of Emily Dickinson's poetry in Slovene
Authors: Petrič Jerneja
Published: August 2018

The article addresses the issue of the earliest  translations of Dickinson's poetry in Slovene. Only 6 of the total number of 19 poems, translated into Slovene by Vatro Grill, were published  in his 1979 memoir Med dvema svetovoma (Between Two Worlds). The other 13 poems included in Grill's manuscripts were never published.  In the first  part  of her article,  the author  briefly  surveys  the translations of Dickinson's poetry into Slovene by Mart  Ogen, Aleš  Debeljak, Ivo Svetina and Miklavž Komelj. In the second part, the focus is on_Grill's translation of two poems by Emily Dickinson whereby the translator's ability to capture the meaning of Dickinson's verse is measured against Mart Ogen's translation of the same poems.
El realismo de la novela española
Authors: Kalenić Ramšak Branka
Published: August 2018

El objeto de estudio del presente trabajo es el análisis del realismo que se manifiesta en la novela española desde sus inicios medievales hasta la actualidad. La pregunta de partida teórica ha sido: ¿por qué la novela española ha ofrecido a la literatura universal sus mejores ejemplos cuando se ha vestido de traje realista? Ya en sus orígenes la ficción narrativa española solía unir elementos cultos y populares, lo real y lo irreal tiñiéndose constantemente de los distintos matices del realismo. El artículo intenta puntualizar algunos parámetros históricos y literarios y dar ciertas respuestas adecuadas, recorriendo generalmente la historia de la novela española y destacando algunos momentos decisivos en su desarrollo - la novela del Siglo de Oro, el Quijote y sobre todo la novela de la posgguerra del siglo XX.
Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-five : a functional grammar perspective
Authors: Kavalir Monika
Published: August 2018

The paper tries to analyse the style of Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five with the tool of Hallidayan systemic-functional grammar. Its aim is to explore in what way the syntactic and thematic structure helps construct the sentiment of fatalism  and simplicity, and how it reinforces the novel's concept of time.
Philip Roth's The human stain and the destruction of the American dream
Authors: Vrčko Miha
Published: August 2018

The paper dissects the notion of the American Dream in Philip Roth's The Human Stain. It looks at how individual tenets of the Dream are carved into the protagonist Coleman Silk, a black man who goes through life pretending to be white. The analysis shows how these same principles are questioned through various incidents in Silk's life and ultimately by his violent death. The result of Roth's scrutinizing is that, as all the underminings come together, the whole concept of the American Dream is symbolically crushed.
A comparative reading of John Steinbeck's and Frank Hardy's works
Authors: Čerče Danica
Published: August 2018

Although belonging to literatures spatially and traditionally very remote from each other, John Steinbeck, an American Nobel Prize winner, and Frank Hardy, an Australian novelist and story-teller, share a number of common grounds. The fact that by the time Hardy wrote his first novel, in 1950, Steinbeck was already a popular writer with a long list of masterpieces does not justify the assumption that Hardy had Steinbeck at hand when writing his best-sellers, but it does exclude the opposite direction of inheritance. Hardy's creativ impulses and appropriations may have been the unconscious results of his omnivorous reading after he realized that "the transition from short stories [in which he excelled] to the novel was an obstacle not easily surmounted" as he confessed in The Hard Way: The Story Behind "Power Without Glory" (109). Furthermore, since both were highly regarded proletarian writers in communist Russia, Hardy might have become acquainted with Steinbeck's novels on one of his frequent visits to that country between 1951 and 1969.2 Upon closer reading, inter-textual entanglements with Steinbeck's prose can be detected in several of his books, including But the Dead Are Many (1975), the Billy Borker material collected in The Yarns of Billy Barker (1965) and in The Great Australian Lover and Other Stories (1967), and in Power Without Glory (1950). My purpose in this essay is to briefly illuminate the most striking similarities between the two authors' narrative strategies in terms of their writing style, narrative technique, and subject matter, and link these textual affinities to the larger social and cultural milieu of each author. In the second part I will focus on the parallels between their central works, Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath and Hardy's Power Without Glory.
Wordsworth's "Tintern abbey" and the tradition of the "hymnal" ode
Authors: Jung Sandro
Published: August 2018

Despite the claims for simplicity of language that Wordsworth articulated in the early years of his literary career, especially in the "Preface" to Lyrical Ballads-his pronounced difference from earlier (Neoclassical) poets, poetic practice, and the forms of poetry of the Augustans-he could not escape what Waiter Jackson Bate long ago termed the "burden of the past". Wordsworth's indebtedness to his literary forbears is not only ideational but formal as well. The present article aims to examine Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey" and relate it to the tradition of the hymnal ode used so masterfully by William Collins in the mid-century, at the same time reconsidering the generic conceptualisation of the poem as an ode in all but name which in its structure and essence re-evokes mid-century hymnal odes but which is contextualised within Wordsworth's notion of emotional immediacy and simplicity.
The first translations of Harlem renaissance poetry in Slovenia
Authors: Petrič Jerneja
Published: August 2018

From the present-day perspective Harlem Renaissance poetry represents an epoch-making contribution by America's black authors to the mainstream literature. However, in the post World War 1 era black authors struggled for recognition in their homeland. The publication of a German anthology Afrika singt in the late 1920s agitated Europe as well as the German-speaking authors in Slovenia. Mile Klopčič, a representative of the poetry of Social Realism, translated a handful of Har­ lem Renaissance poems into Slovene using, except in two cases, the German anthology as a source text. His translations are formally accomplished but fail to reproduce the cultural significance of the Harlem Renaissance poetry.
Transkulturalität der "Schweizer" Autorin Ilma Rakusa
Authors: Kondrič Horvat Vesna
Published: August 2018

Ilma Rakusa gibt mit ihrer Tatigkeit als Schriftstellerin, Essayistin, Übersetzerin  und Dozen­ tin ein Paradebeispiel  für die Transkulturalität ab, die bekanntlich  die Fähigkeit bedeutet, scheinbar gegenteilige  Werte in Einklang  zu bringen. Sie hat die Erfahrung  mehrerer  Kulturen  und Sprachen gemacht, die sie sehr konstruktiv zu verbinden weiß, was ihre Gedichte, Dramolette, Erzählungen so wie Essays am deutlichsten demonstrieren. Der Beitrag versucht ein reiches Spektrum ihres transkulturel­ len Lebens und Schaffens  zu erfassen.
Arno Geigers Es geht uns gut aus der Sicht des zeitgenössischen Familien- und Generationsromans
Authors: Bryk Maria
Published: August 2018

Es klingt fast wie ein Paradoxon, dass ein Familien- und Generationsroman modem sein kann. 1 Zur Zeit scheint aber das jahrelang unterschatzte, als konventio­ nell und iiberholt geltende literarische Genre sehr beliebt zu sein. Immer wieder neue traditionelle und inzwischen auch modem anmutende Familiensagen und Generatio­ nen iibergreifende Geschichten erscheinen auf dem literarischen Markt, erfreuen sich wachsender Popularitiit und, was bemerkenswert ist, finden Rezeption nicht nur in den breiten Lesermassen, sondem auch bei Literaturkritikem und Juroren literarischer Wet­ tbewerbe.
Achille Campanile : una presenza scomoda nella drammatica novecentesca
Authors: Malamut Melani
Published: August 2018

Achille Campanile (1899-1977) fu un grande umorista italiano che comincio a scrivere molto giovane. Nella commedia Autoritratto dichiaro di aver scritto «finora» circa 2528 lavori teatrali. Anche se le cifre non vanno prese letteralmente, egli nei suoi 77 anni di vita si cimento nei generi piU svariati. Scrisse opere teatrali, testi cinematografici, freddure, sketch, lazzi, critiche, racconti e romanzi.
Classical past in Baudelaire's Le cygne: a reconsideration
Authors: Marinčič Marko
Published: August 2018

In the the third preface to Les Fleurs du Mal, Baudelaire curiously refers to Virgil as the only 'source' for his Le Cygne. Ithas been seen that Horace's description of the living poet's metamorphosis into a swan (Carmina 2.20) is a much more obvious classical reference as far as the title character is concerned, and the mention of »l'homme d'Ovide« seems to point the reader to Ovid's narrative of the creation of man in the Metamorphoses (1.76-86) as a model e contrario for the degradation of the divine bird in Baudelaire's poem. Baudelaire's modem version of the classical symbol of the sublime at first seems to suggest an ironic response to Horace and Ovid. On a second reading, however, the basic 'negativism' orsaudelaire's swan myth reveais a hidden thread of continuity with the classical past: it reveals Ovid's experience as an exilee as the primary parallel to the situations of Andromache and the swan. Conversely, Horace's swan-metamorphosis, though essentially Platonic, provides, through its over-literal, grotesque realism, an ante litteram alternative to the Platonising aesthetics of the earlier Romantics.
Fortissimus robore: Martin Krpan as a case of biblical reception
Authors: Movrin David
Published: August 2018

Martin Krpan z Vrha, written by Fran Levstik as a conscious experiment in prose-writing, has been interpreted variously during the last century and a half. The duel between a Slovenian peasant and a giant who comes to terrorise Vienna was in turn read by scholars as a political satire, the realisation of a literary and linguistic programme, a literary parody etc. Its motif was mostly interpreted with reference to Slavic folklore characters (Pegam and Lambergar, Prince Marko,peter Klepec etc.). The analysis according to the model devised by Vladimir Propp, however, shows striking similarities with Biblical story of David and Goliath (1 Sm 17). The reception of this motif is marked by significant political overtones, already present in antiquity and then interest­ ingly developed in places as diverse as sixteenth-century Florence, Prague, and the Netherlands. As attested by the sources, Levstik used this motif several limes; to a certain extent he even identi­ fied with its hero.
Assessing the performance and robustness of the UNICEF model for groundwater exploration in Ethiopia through application of the analytic hierarchy process, logistic regression and artificial neural networks
Authors: Josephs-Afoko David , Godfrey Samuel , Campos Luiza C
Published: August 2018

This study assesses the performance and robustness of the groundwater potential (GWP) maps produced by the UNICEF model for deep groundwater exploration in Ethiopia. The UNICEF model is a weighted linear combination of hydrogeological parameters including permeability, slope, recharge, and lineament density, which has been calibrated using the expert judgements of local hydrogeologists. In order to assess the performance and robustness of the model, three techniques were employed: the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), logistic regression (LR), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Three study areas (Dallol, Halaba and Shinelle) were selected on the basis of climatic and geological variation, in addition to the availability of well data pertaining to depth and yield. The performance of the UNICEF model in predicting outcomes of the well data included in the study was assessed by computing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The solutions produced by the AHP and ANN were more accurate than the UNICEF model in determining the productivity of deep wells in the study data, whilst the LR model was less accurate than the UNICEF model. The groundwater productivity maps produced by the AHP and ANNs showed clear correlation with the maps produced by the UNICEF model, despite moderate (AHP) and severe (ANN) parameter perturbation, demonstrating the robustness of the UNICEF model. Whilst the AHP and ANN models demonstrated higher accuracy than the UNICEF model, this must be considered against the well data used to assess accuracy, which were drawn from a small sample of non-ideal distribution. Although this study focuses on case studies in Ethiopia the key findings are applicable internationally, namely, that the use of the AHP in data-scarce environments provides robust models, and that with the addition of easily obtainable well data the accuracy of modelling can be significantly increased through the application of ANNs.
Optimization of sequencing batch reactor for wastewater treatment using chemically enhanced primary treatment as a pre-treatment
Authors: Mian Haroon R , Haydar Sajjad , Hussain Ghulam , -e-Hina Gul
Published: August 2018

The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is a wastewater treatment option feasible for low flows. The objective of this research was to optimize SBR by varying its operational parameters, viz. (i) settling time and (ii) reaction time. The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, raw wastewater was fed into the SBR after conventional settling, while in Phase 2 raw wastewater was fed into the SBR after coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation. A bench-scale model was set up and domestic wastewater was used for this study. Performance of the treatment system was evaluated through 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS). The results demonstrated that reaction time was reduced to 4 h in Phase 2 compared to 10 h in Phase 1. The BOD, COD and TSS removal efficiencies observed in Phase 1 were 80%, 80% and 73%, respectively, and for Phase 2 the removal efficiencies were 74%, 75% and 80% respectively. National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were met in both cases and the treatment cost per cubic metre of wastewater for Phase 2 was 2.5 times lower compared to Phase 1.
Multiple criteria decision analysis for sanitation selection in South African municipalities
Authors: Salisbury Frances , Brouckaert Chris , Still Dave , Buckley Chris
Published: August 2018

A multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was developed for the selection of sanitation systems. This decision support system was aimed at assisting municipal engineers to design and implement sustainable solutions to meet a municipality’s obligation to provide free basic sanitation (FBS). Multi-attribute value theory (MAVT) was selected as the method most suited to the problem under consideration. Criteria which determine the sustainability of sanitation were selected from the literature and a spreadsheet-based MCDA with stakeholder and expert user interfaces was developed. Stakeholders determine the weighting of each indicator and expert users determine the values to be entered for the alternatives against each indicator. The partial values are aggregated using a weighted sum function. Research carried out into the implementation of FBS by the eThekwini Municipality that includes the city of Durban was analysed. This informed the allocation of indicator values to the sanitation alternatives under consideration: ventilated improved pit latrines (VIPs) and urine diversion dehydrating toilets (UDDTs). An innovative scenario analysis method was used to determine the effect of different weightings and/or values, representing changes in stakeholder involvement, resource recovery and political support for ecological sanitation. The MCDA was found to provide a guiding framework for municipal engineers in their efforts to implement sustainable sanitation. The process of deriving values for the MCDA is likely to prove even more useful than the overall value scores of the options under consideration.
Technical note: Nutrient removal and microbial settlement in a full-scale subsurface wastewater infiltration system: Impact of varying hydraulic and organic loads and temperature
Authors: Sun Yafei , Fan Linlin , Tong Deli , Li Zhiqi , Zheng Fanping , Hou Wanyuan , Pan Jing
Published: August 2018

A series of experiments was conducted through a full-scale subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) to investigate the impact of hydraulic loading rate (HLR), organic loading rate (OLR) and underground temperature on nutrient removal and microbial settlement. Taking the hydraulic and treatment performance into consideration, HLR of 0.10 m3/(m2·d) was recommended with average NH3-N, TN, COD and TP removal rates of 82.6%, 81.5%, 80.9% and 90.9%, respectively.Considering treatment performance, OLR of 10.4 g BOD/(m2·d) was recommended with average NH3-N, TN, COD and TP removal rates of 88.1%, 84.8%, 86.3% and 91.3%, respectively. The number of nitrifying bacteria in each layer in the matrix decreased with increasing HLR, and the number of denitrifying bacteria increased with increasing HLR, at 0.8 and 1.0 m depths. When OLR increased, the number of bacteria and denitrifying bacteria at 0.8 and 1.0 m depths increased, and the number of nitrifying bacteria decreased. Average NH3-N, TN and COD removal rates increased with underground temperature increasing. The number of bacteria, nitrifying bacteria at 0.4 and 0.6 m depths and denitrifying bacteria at 0.8 and 1.0 m depths, increased with underground temperature increasing.
Forecasting carbon monoxide on a global scale for the ATom-1 aircraft mission: insights from airborne and satellite observations and modeling
Authors: Strode Sarah A. , Liu Junhua , Lait Leslie , Commane Róisín , Daube Bruce , Wofsy Steven , Conaty Austin , Newman Paul , Prather Michael
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The first phase of the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom-1) took place in
July–August 2016 and included flights above the remote Pacific and Atlantic
oceans. Sampling of atmospheric constituents during these flights is designed
to provide new insights into the chemical reactivity and processes of the
remote atmosphere and how these processes are affected by anthropogenic
emissions. Model simulations provide a valuable tool for interpreting these
measurements and understanding the origin of the observed trace gases and
aerosols, so it is important to quantify model performance. Goddard Earth
Observing System Model version 5 (GEOS-5) forecasts and analyses show
considerable skill in predicting and simulating the CO distribution
and the timing of CO enhancements observed during the ATom-1 aircraft
mission. We use GEOS-5's tagged tracers for CO to assess the
contribution of different emission sources to the regions sampled by ATom-1
to elucidate the dominant anthropogenic influences on different parts of the
remote atmosphere. We find a dominant contribution from non-biomass-burning
sources along the ATom transects except over the tropical Atlantic, where
African biomass burning makes a large contribution to the CO
concentration. One of the goals of ATom is to provide a chemical climatology
over the oceans, so it is important to consider whether August 2016 was
representative of typical boreal summer conditions. Using satellite
observations of 700 hPa and column CO from the Measurement of
Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument, 215 hPa CO from
the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and aerosol optical thickness from the
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), we find that CO
concentrations and aerosol optical thickness in August 2016 were within the
observed range of the satellite observations but below the decadal median for
many of the regions sampled. This suggests that the ATom-1 measurements may
represent relatively clean but not exceptional conditions for
lower-tropospheric CO.
Synthesis and characterisation of peroxypinic acids as proxies for highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) in secondary organic aerosol
Authors: Steimer Sarah S. , Delvaux Aurélie , Campbell Steven J. , Gallimore Peter J. , Grice Peter , Howe Duncan J. , Pitton Dominik , Claeys Magda , Hoffmann Thorsten , Kalberer Markus
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Peroxy acids were
recently found to be involved in new particle formation in the atmosphere and could also substantially
contribute towards particle toxicity. However, a lack of suitable analytical
methods for the detection and characterisation of peroxy acids in the
particle phase is currently hindering the quantitative investigation of their
contribution to these important atmospheric processes. Further development of
appropriate techniques and relevant standards is therefore urgently needed.
In this study, we synthesised three peroxypinic acids, developed a liquid
chromatography separation method and characterised them with tandem mass
spectrometry. The observed fragmentation patterns clearly distinguish the
different peroxypinic acids from both the acid and each other, showing
several neutral losses previously already observed for other peroxy acids.
Both monoperoxypinic acids were found to be present in secondary organic
aerosol generated from ozonolysis of α-pinene in laboratory
experiments. The yield of monoperoxypinic acid formation was not influenced
by humidity. Monoperoxypinic acid quickly degrades on the filter, with about
60 % lost within the first 5 h. This fast degradation shows that time
delays in traditional off-line analysis will likely lead to severe
underestimates of peroxy compound concentrations in ambient particles.
Coarse mode mineral dust size distributions, composition and optical
properties from AER-D aircraft measurements over the Tropical
Eastern Atlantic
Authors: Ryder Claire L. , Marenco Franco , Brooke Jennifer K. , Estelles Victor , Cotton Richard , Formenti Paola , McQuaid Jim B. , Price Hannah C. , Liu Dantong , Ausset Patrick , Rosenberg Phil , Taylor Jonathan W. , Choularton Tom , Bower Keith , Coe Hugh , Gallagher Martin , Crosier Jonathan , Lloyd Gary , Highwood Eleanor J. , Murray Benjamin J.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Mineral dust is an important component of the climate system, affecting the radiation balance, cloud properties, biogeochemical cycles, regional circulation and precipitation, as well as having negative effects on aviation, solar energy generation and human health. Dust size and composition has an impact on all these processes. However, changes in dust size distribution and composition during transport, particularly for coarse particles, are poorly understood and poorly represented in climate models. Here we present new in-situ airborne observations of dust in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) and the Marine Boundary Layer (MBL) during the beginning of its trans-Atlantic transport pathway, from the AER-D fieldwork in August 2015, within the peak season of North African dust export. This study focuses on coarse mode dust properties, including size distribution, mass loading, shape, composition, refractive indices and optical properties. Size distributions from 0.1 to 100 µm diameter (d) are presented, fully incorporating the coarse and giant modes of dust. Within the SAL, particles larger than 20 µm diameter were always present up to 5 km altitude, in concentrations over 10−5 cm−3, constituting up to 40 % of dust mass. Mean effective diameter and volume median diameter were 4.0 µm and 5.5 µm respectively. Larger particles were detected in the SAL than can be explained by sedimentation theory alone. Coarse mode composition was dominated by quartz and alumino-silicates; the accumulation mode showed a strong contribution from sulfate-rich and sea salt particles. In the SAL, measured single scattering albedos (SSAs) at 550 nm representing d<2.5 µm were 0.93 to 0.98 (mean 0.97). Optical properties calculated for the full size distribution (0.1<d<100 µm) resulted in lower SSAs of 0.91–0.98 (mean 0.95) and mass extinction coefficients of 0.27–0.35 m2 g−1 (mean 0.32 m2 g−1). Variability in SSA was mainly controlled by variability in dust composition (principally iron), rather than by variations in the size distribution, in contrast to previous observations over the Sahara where size is the dominant influence. It is important that models are able to capture this complex evolution of both dust composition and size distribution with transport in order to accurately represent the impacts of dust on climate. These results provide a new SAL dust dataset, fully representing coarse and giant particles, to aid model validation and development.
New insights into OH airglow modelling to derive night-time atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen in the mesopause region
Authors: Fytterer Tilo , von Savigny Christian , Mlynczak Martin , Sinnhuber Miriam
Published: August 2018

Abstract. An OH airglow model was developed to derive night-time atomic oxygen (O(3P)) and atomic hydrogen (H) from satellite OH airglow observations in the mesopause region (~ 75–100 km). The OH airglow model is based on the zero dimensional box model CAABA/MECCA-3.72f and was empirically adjusted to fit four different OH airglow emissions observed by the satellite/instrument configuration TIMED/SABER at 2.0 μm and at 1.6 μm as well as measurements by ENVISAT/SCIAMACHY of the transitions OH(6-2) and OH(3-1). Comparisons between the Best fit model obtained here and the satellite measurements suggest that deactivation of vibrationally excited OH(v) via OH(v ≥ 7) + O2 might favour relaxation to OH(v' ≤ 5) + O2 by multi-quantum quenching. It is further indicated that the deactivation pathway to OH(v' = v − 5) + O2 dominates. The results also provide general support of the recently proposed mechanism OH(v) + O(3P) → OH(0 ≤ v' ≤ v − 5) + O(1D) but suggest slower rates of OH(v = 7,6,5) + O(3P). Additionally, deactivation to OH(v' = v − 5) + O(1D) might be preferred. The profiles of O(3P) and H derived here are plausible between 80 km and 95  km. The values of O(3P) obtained in this study agree with the corresponding TIMED/SABER values between 80 km and 85 km, but are larger from 85 to 95 km due to different relaxation assumptions of OH(v) + O(3P). The H profile found here is generally larger than TIMED/SABER H by about 30–35 % from 80 to 95 km, which might be attributed to too high O3 night-time values.
An Improved Total and Tropospheric NO2 Column Retrieval for GOME-2
Authors: Liu Song , Valks Pieter , Pinardi Gaia , De Smedt Isabelle , Yu Huan , Beirle Steffen , Richter Andreas
Published: August 2018

Abstract. An improved algorithm for the retrieval of total and tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) is presented. The refined retrieval will be implemented in a future version of the GOME Data Processor (GDP) as used by the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition and UV Radiation (AC-SAF). The first main improvement is the application of an extended 425–497 nm wavelength fitting window in the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) retrieval of the NO2 slant column density. Updated absorption cross-sections and a linear offset correction are used for the large fitting window. An improved slit function treatment is applied to compensate for both long-term and in-orbit drift of the GOME-2 slit function. Compared to the current operational (GDP 4.8) dataset, the use of these new features increases the NO2 columns by  1–3 × 1014 molec/cm2 and reduces the slant column error by ∼ 24 %. In addition, the bias between GOME-2A and GOME-2B measurements is largely reduced by adopting a new level 1b data version in the DOAS retrieval. The retrieved NO2 slant columns show good consistency with the Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables (QA4ECV) retrieval with a good overall quality. Second, the STRatospheric Estimation Algorithm from Mainz (STREAM), which was originally developed for the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) instrument, was optimized for GOME-2 measurements to determine the stratospheric NO2 column density. Applied to synthetic GOME-2 data, the estimated stratospheric NO2 columns from STREAM shows a good agreement with the a priori truth. An improved latitudinal correction is introduced in STREAM to reduce the biases over the subtropics. Applied to GOME-2 measurements, STREAM largely reduces the overestimation of stratospheric NO2 columns over polluted regions in the GDP 4.8 dataset. Third, the calculation of AMF applies an updated box-air mass factor (box-AMF) look-up table (LUT) calculated using the latest version of VLIDORT model with an increased number of reference points and vertical layers, a new GOME-2 surface albedo climatology, improved a priori NO2 profiles obtained from the TM5-MP chemistry transport model, and improved GOME-2 cloud parameters. A large effect on the retrieved tropospheric NO2 columns (more than 10 %) is found over polluted regions. To evaluate the GOME-2 tropospheric NO2 columns, an end-to-end validation is performed using ground-based multiple-axis DOAS (MAXDOAS) measurements. The validation is illustrated for 6 stations covering urban, suburban, and background situations. Compared to the GDP 4.8 product, the new dataset presents an improved agreement with the MAXDOAS measurements for all the stations.
Variations in river input of iron impact sedimentary phosphorus
burial in an oligotrophic Baltic Sea estuary
Authors: Lenstra Wytze K. , Egger Matthias , van Helmond Niels A. G. M. , Kritzberg Emma , Conley Daniel J. , Slomp Caroline P.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Estuarine sediments are key sites for removal of phosphorus (P) from rivers and the open sea. Vivianite, an iron (Fe)(II)-P mineral, can act as a major sink for P in Fe-rich coastal sediments. In this study, we investigate the burial of P in the Öre Estuary in the northern Baltic Sea. We find much higher rates of P burial at our five study sites (up to ~ 0.145 mol m−2 yr−1) when compared to more southern coastal areas in the Baltic Sea with similar rates of sedimentation. Detailed study of the sediment P forms at our site with the highest rate of sedimentation reveals a major role for P associated with Fe and the presence of vivianite crystals below the sulfate methane transition zone. By applying a reactive transport model to sediment and porewater profiles for this site, we show that vivianite may account for up to 40 % of total P burial. With the model, we demonstrate that vivianite formation is promoted in sediments with a low bottom water salinity and high rates of sedimentation and Fe oxide input. While high rates of organic matter input are also required, there is an optimum rate above which vivianite formation declines. Distinct enrichments in sediment Fe and sulfur at depth in the sediment are attributed to short periods of enhanced riverine Fe and organic matter input linked to variations in rainfall on land. Most of the P associated with the Fe in the sediment is likely imported from the adjacent eutrophic Baltic Proper. Our work demonstrates that variations in land-to-sea transfer of Fe may act as a key control on burial of P in coastal sediments. Ongoing climate change is expected to lead to a decrease in bottom water salinity and contribute to continued high inputs of Fe oxides from land, further promoting P burial as vivianite in the coastal zone of the northern Baltic Sea. This may enhance the role of this oligotrophic area as a sink for P imported from eutrophic parts of the Baltic Sea.
Gridded Satellite (GridSat) GOES and CONUS data
Authors: Knapp Kenneth R. , Wilkins Scott L.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series is operated
by the US National Oceanographic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). While in operation since the mid-1970s,
the current series (GOES 8–15) has been operational since 1994. This
document describes the Gridded Satellite (GridSat) data, which provide GOES
data in a modern format. Four steps describe the conversion of original GOES
data to GridSat data: (1) temporal resampling to produce files with evenly
spaced time steps, (2) spatial remapping to produce evenly spaced gridded
data (0.04∘ latitude), (3) calibrating the original data and
storing brightness temperatures for infrared (IR) channels and reflectance for
the visible channel, and (4) calculating spatial variability to provide extra
information that can help identify clouds. The GridSat data are provided on
two separate domains: GridSat-GOES provides hourly data for the Western
Hemisphere (spanning the entire GOES domain) and GridSat-CONUS covers the
contiguous US (CONUS) every 15 min (dataset reference: https://doi.org/10.7289/V5HM56GM).
Systematic Identification of External Influences in Multi-Year
Micro-Seismic Recordings Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Meyer Matthias , Weber Samuel , Beutel Jan , Thiele Lothar
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Natural hazards, e.g. due to slope instabilities, are a significant risk for the population of mountainous regions. Monitoring of micro-seismic signals can be used for process analysis and risk assessment. However, these signals are subject to external influences, e.g anthropogenic or natural noise. Successful analysis depends strongly on the capability to cope with such external influences. For correct slope characterization it is thus important to be able to identify, quantify and take these influences into account. In long-term monitoring scenarios manual identification is infeasible due to large data quantities demanding accurate automated analysis methods. In this work we present a systematic strategy to identify multiple external influences, characterize their impact on micro-seismic analysis and develop methods for automated identification. We apply the developed strategy to a real-word, multi-sensor, multi-year micro-seismic monitoring experiment on the Matterhorn Hörnliridge (CH). We present a convolutional neural network for micro-seismic data to detect external influences originating in mountaineers, a major unwanted influence, with an error rate of less than 1 %, which is 3× lower than comparable algorithms. Moreover, we present an ensemble classifier for the same task obtaining an error rate of 0.79 % and an F1 score of 0.9383 by using images and micro-seismic data. Applying the classifiers to the experiment data reveals that approximately 1/4 of events detected with an event detector are not due to seismic activity but due to anthropogenic mountaineering influences and that time periods with mountaineer activity have a 9× higher event rate. Due to these findings we argue that a systematic identification of external influences, like presented in this paper, is a prerequisite for a qualitative analysis.
Testing a failure surface prediction and deposit reconstruction method for a landslide cluster that occurred during Typhoon Talas (Japan)
Authors: Jaboyedoff Michel , Chigira Masahiro , Arai Noriyuki , Derron Marc-Henri , Rudaz Benjamin , Tsou Ching-Ying
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The reconstructions of failure surfaces, prior to potential landslides or after their releases, landslide deposits or other palaeotopographic features are important for hazard and erosion assessment. The volumes involved in the landslide and failure surfaces constrain the propagation of a landslide, and the knowledge of the past topography helps to understand these hazards. Some methods exist to characterise landslide geometry, but these methods usually require monitoring information. This study tries to assess the validity of the Sloping Local Base Level (SLBL) method for this purpose. Two sets of airborne LiDAR digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Kii peninsula (Japan) are used: the first one was acquired before Typhoon Talas, and the second one was acquired after. A total of 70 deep-seated landslides occurred during this event between 2 and 5 September 2011. This study shows that the SLBL method is efficient using either the slope deformations identifiable on the DEM before the release of the landslide or a reliable 2.5D failure surface created by using both DEMs. In addition, this method allows the reconstruction of eroded deposits and buried valleys. Most of the volumes estimated are within ±35 % of the estimation made by Chigira et al. (2013), and the coefficients of expansion range from 10 to 25 %. These results show the considerable sensitivity of the landslide volume estimations and demonstrate the need for an efficient and fast tool to reconstruct potential landslide geometries or histories.
Wave boundary layer model in SWAN revisited
Authors: Du Jianting , Bolaños Rodolfo , Larsén Xiaoli Guo , Kelly Mark
Published: August 2018

Abstract. In this study we extend the work presented in Du et al. (2017) to make the WBLM applicable for real cases by improving the wind input and white-capping dissipation source functions. Improvement via the new source terms includes three aspects. First, the WBLM wind-input source function is developed by considering the impact of wave-induced wind profile variation on the estimation of wave growth rate. Second, the white-capping dissipation source function is revised to be not explicitly dependent on wind speed for real wave simulations. Third, several improvements are made to the numerical WBLM algorithm, which increase the model's numerical stability and computational efficiency. The improved WBLM wind-input and white-capping dissipation source functions are calibrated through idealized fetch-limited and depth-limited studies, and validated in real wave simulations during two North Sea storms. The new WBLM source terms show better performance in the simulation of significant wave height and mean wave period than the original source terms.
New insights on the early Mesozoic evolution of multiple tectonic regimes in the northeastern North China Craton from the detrital zircon provenance of sedimentary strata
Authors: Wang Yi Ni , Xu Wen Liang , Wang Feng , Li Xiao Bo
Published: August 2018

Abstract. To investigate the timing of deposition and provenance of early Mesozoic strata in the northeastern North China Craton (NCC), and to reconstruct the early Mesozoic tectono-paleogeography of the region, we combine LA–ICP–MS detrital zircon U–Pb dating, Hf isotopic data. Early Mesozoic strata include the Early Triassic Heisonggou, Late Triassic Changbai and Xiaoyingzi, and Early Jurassic Yihe formations. Detrital zircons in the Heisonggou Formation comprise ~ 58 % Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic and ~ 42 % Phanerozoic grains that were sourced from areas to the south and north of the basins within the NCC. This indicates that Early Triassic deposition was controlled primarily by southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian oceanic plate beneath the NCC, and collision between the NCC and the Yangtze Craton (YC). Approximately 88 % of sediments within the Late Triassic Xiaoyingzi Formation were sourced from the NCC to the south, with the remaining ~ 12 % from the Xing'an–Mongol Orogenic Belt (XMOB) to the north. This implies that Late Triassic deposition was related to the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean during the Middle Triassic and the rapid exhumation of the Su–Lu Orogenic Belt between the NCC and YC. In contrast, ~ 88 % of sediments within the Early Jurassic Yihe Formation were sourced from the XMOB to the north, with the remaining ~ 12 % from the NCC to the south. We therefore infer that rapid uplift of the XMOB and the onset of subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia occurred in the Early Jurassic.