bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing High-energy Emission Models for Blazars with X-Ray Polarimetry
Authors: Peirson Abel L. , Liodakis Ioannis , Romani Roger W.
Published: May 2022

Both leptonic and hadronic emission processes may contribute to blazar jet emission; which dominates in blazars’ high-energy emission component remains an open question. Some intermediate synchrotron peaked blazars transition from their low- to high-energy emission components in the X-ray band making them excellent laboratories to probe both components simultaneously, and good targets for the newly launched Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). We characterize the spectral energy distributions for three such blazars, CGRaBS J0211+1051, TXS 0506+056, and S5 0716+714, predicting their X-ray polarization behavior by fitting a multizone polarized leptonic jet model. We find that a significant detection of electron synchrotron dominated polarization is possible with a 300 ks observation for S5 0716+714 and CGRaBS J0211+1051 in their flaring states, while even 500 ks observations are unlikely to measure synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) polarization. Importantly, nonleptonic emission processes like proton synchrotron are marginally detectable for our brightest intermediate synchrotron peaked blazar (ISP), S5 0716+714, during a flaring state. Improved IXPE data reduction methods or next-generation telescopes like eXTP are needed to confidently measure SSC polarization.
B-type Natriuretic Peptide: A Diagnostic Biomarker for a Hemodynamically Significant PDA
Authors: Zekri Hanan , Said Reem N. , Hegazy Ranya A. , Darwish Rania K. , Kamel Abdelkarim , El Hakim Nahla Gamaleldin Abd
Published: May 2022

Background: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) it has been reported to be a useful biomarker for the severity of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (HsPDA) in premature infants. Objective: To assess serum levels of BNP in premature neonates with echocardiographically-confirmed hemodynamically significant and non-significant PDA (HnsPDA) and to explore the effect of PDA on left ventricular function. We also aimed to detect the level of BNP that differentiates between HsPDA and HnsPDA. Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted on 73 randomly selected preterm neonates with HsPDA or hemodynamically nonsignificant PDA (HnsPDA), between May 2017 and May 2018. Echocardiography was done. BNP was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay Results: There was no affection of left ventricular function in either group (LA/Ao ratio, FS, LVESD and LVEDD). PDA size, PFO size and PAP were significantly larger in HsPDA (p<0.001, p=0.001, p<0.001 respectively). Levels of BNP were significantly higher in HsPDA and correlated with the size of the PDA. At a cut-off value of 160.5 pg/ml, BNP had 80.49% sensitivity and 90.62% specificity with a positive predictive value of 91.7% and a negative predictive value of 78.04%, (AUC: 0.923, 95% C.I. 0.837 to 0.973). Conclusion: Levels of BNP in preterm babies with hemodynamically significant PDA rise early in neonatal life and correlate well with the size of the PDA. BNP can be used to screen for this condition. Ventricular dysfunction may not appear in the first 3 days of life.
A review of volunteers’ motivations to monitor and control invasive alien species
Authors: Anđelković Ana A. , Handley Lori Lawson , Marchante Elizabete , Adriaens Tim , Brown Peter M. J. , Tricarico Elena , Verbrugge Laura N. H.
Published: May 2022

People make an important contribution to the study and management of biological invasions, as many monitoring and control projects rely heavily on volunteer assistance. Understanding the reasons why people participate in such projects is critical for successful recruitment and retention of volunteers. We used a meta-synthesis approach to extract, analyze and synthesize the available information from 28 selected studies investigating motivations of volunteers to engage in monitoring and control of invasive alien species (IAS). Our findings show how motivations fit three broad themes, reflecting environmental concerns, social motivations, and personal reasons. An important outcome of this study is the description of motivations that are unique to the IAS context: supporting IAS management, protecting native species and habitats, and livelihood/food/income protection or opportunities. In addition, our study reflects on important methodological choices for investigating volunteer motivations as well as ethical issues that may arise in practice. We conclude with a set of recommendations for project design and future research on volunteer motivations in IAS contexts, emphasizing the importance of collaboration with social scientists.
Amphibian areas of endemism: A conservation priority in the threatened Mexican cloud forest
Authors: Montiel Canales Gustavo , Goyenechea Mayer Goyenechea Irene
Published: May 2022

Amphibians of the Mexican Cloud Forest have a great diversity but are highly threatened. Forest endemisms are useful for recognizing biodiversity hotspots; furthermore, the interaction of historical and current events has generated areas of endemism that can be used for biological conservation in forest fragments; therefore, their identification is an essential part of the management and planning of biological conservation. Thus, our objective was to identify areas of endemism in the cloud forests of Mexico through the analysis of geographical distribution of 126 species of amphibians, as well as their conservation status to obtain information that supports the selection of priority areas for conservation. For this, the endemicity analysis method was used with three spatial scales, 1°×1°, 0.5°×0.5° and 0.25°×0.25° (lat/long), to achieve more complete results and avoid visual overrepresentation of areas of endemism. Seventeen consensus areas distributed in four of the five provinces of the Mexican Transition Zone were identified. The province of the Sierra Madre del Sur exhibited the highest amount of endemism areas, followed by the Sierra Madre Oriental, the East of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, and the Altos de Chiapas. Results indicate that the endemic areas of the Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre del Sur provinces are composed of amphibians included in the IUCN red list and the Official Mexican Standard NOM-059. Thus, the small areas of endemism in eastern and western Sierra Madre del Sur, nested within larger ones may be used to increase the protected areas of cloud forests in Mexico.
De la reconnaissance à la considération. Penser les implications sociales et politiques de l’image « des quartiers »
Authors: Kühl Nicolas
Published: May 2022

La question de la reconnaissance sociale est centrale lorsque l’on s’intéresse à l’image « des quartiers » et de leurs habitant·es. À travers les discours et les représentations dominantes sur ces espaces, il se met en place un processus de disqualification et de stigmatisation des habitant·es des quartiers dits prioritaires qui les « empêche d’être pleinement acceptés dans la société » (Goffman, 1975, p. 7). Ce processus, qui se met en place dans l’espace (géographique et social) et par l’espace (considéré comme un attribut du social), porte en lui des implications sociales et politiques. Cet article propose ainsi de penser l’expérience subjective d’un déni de reconnaissance de la part des habitant·es de ces espaces urbains (Honneth, 2013, 2015) et cela dans une perspective de justice sociale (Fraser, 2005).
L’environnement comme problème stratégique : transition énergétique et changement climatique dans les armées françaises
Authors: Palle Angélique , Jolly Édouard
Published: May 2022

Cet article analyse la réception et l’interprétation par les forces françaises des travaux scientifiques relatifs aux dynamiques de transition énergétique et à l’hypothèse des « guerres du climat ». Ces deux éléments posent, à moyen terme, à la fois des questions d’ordre structurel et opérationnel pour les armées, telles que le changement de l’environnement opérationnel, le maintien en fonctionnement du matériel, l’approvisionnement énergétique en opération ou encore les impacts environnementaux des conflits avec leurs conséquences sur les populations civiles. Les armées se sont emparées de ces sujets récemment et des réflexions en leur sein sont en cours, réflexions dont cette contribution vise à donner les orientations et les premières conséquences sur les trois niveaux de responsabilité : stratégique, opératif et tactique. Transition énergétique et changement climatique vont ainsi soumettre les forces françaises à de nouvelles pressions, qu’il s’agisse de leur emploi en situation avérée de conflit, alors catalysé par les transformations environnementales, ou de leur emploi en situation non belliqueuse, pour la protection des populations civiles en cas de catastrophe par exemple.
La régionalisation de la sécurité environnementale et le rôle des forces armées : le cas de l’Asie du Sud
Authors: Jayaram Dhanasree , Chervaux Maxime
Published: May 2022

Au niveau international, nous observons une tendance à la « régionalisation » de la sécurité environnementale, au sein de laquelle les forces armées prennent de l’importance. L’Asie du Sud présente à ce titre de nombreuses vulnérabilités environnementales qui se mêlent aux dynamiques (géo)politiques. Il y existe par ailleurs des structures qui impliquent des coopérations militaires et qui favorisent la sécurité environnementale. L’article se penche ainsi sur le discours de la sécurité environnementale « régionale » dans le contexte de l’Asie du Sud. Il analyse en particulier les modèles de conflit et de coopération, en utilisant les cas du conflit du glacier de Siachen et de l’Assistance humanitaire et des secours en cas de catastrophe ( Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief , HADR). L’article présente les dimensions militaires de la sécurité environnementale en Asie du Sud et soutient que ces modèles indiquent une tendance à la régionalisation de la coopération.
La responsabilité de préparer et de prévenir (R2P2) : développer une architecture de gouvernance de la sécurité climatique
Authors: Thomas Michael , Fleishman Rachel , Femia Francesco , Werrell Caitlin , Chervaux Maxime
Published: May 2022

Le changement climatique représente une menace sans précédent, qui impacte les systèmes physiques, sanitaires, économiques et politiques, et qui affecte les populations vulnérables. Il est aussi une menace pour la sécurité internationale, nationale et humaine. Les effets du changement climatique aggravent les facteurs qui affaiblissent les liens sociétaux, détruisent les ressources critiques, mettent à l’épreuve les capacités militaires et affaiblissent les gouvernements. Cet effet de « multiplicateur de menaces » est particulièrement probable dans des zones qui ont une forte dépendance agricole, une prévalence pour les institutions politiques discriminatoires, et une histoire conflictuelle. Les dirigeants politiques et militaires ont la responsabilité d’être à la hauteur de cet ensemble de défis. Faire cela implique de traiter de manière systématique et holistique les risques sécuritaires liés au climat, de réduire la probabilité d’instabilité et de conflit, et de promouvoir des voies d’adaptation et de développement durable. Heureusement, les outils de prévision pour ce faire existent aujourd’hui, à la fois dans la science climatique et dans l’analyse militaire. Armés de cette prévision, les gouvernements globaux, les forces armées, l’humanitaire et les communautés diplomatiques peuvent mobiliser efficacement pour combattre la menace du changement climatique.
Sécurisation du climat, climatisation de la défense : des dynamiques complémentaires ?
Authors: Alex Bastien
Published: May 2022

À la différence de  l’environnement , préoccupation d’abord perçue par les armées modernes comme une source potentielle de contraintes réglementaires et normatives, le  climat  a peut-être été plus rapidement appréhendé comme un objet stratégique puis opérationnel. L’intérêt suscité par les potentielles conséquences sécuritaires du changement climatique s’est donc accompagné d’une réflexion sur les implications pour le secteur de la Défense, pris dans son ensemble. Il s’agit d’en comprendre les dynamiques et limites mais aussi les défis à relever pour pleinement intégrer le changement climatique aux paramètres de l’équation stratégique.
Quel climat en France en 2050 et 2100 ?
Authors: Schwarz Virginie , Soubeyroux Jean-Michel
Published: May 2022

La France n’est pas épargnée par l’ampleur du changement climatique constaté et à venir. DRIAS2020, le nouveau jeu de projections climatiques mis à disposition par Météo-France, précise à l’échelle de la métropole les évolutions climatiques décrites dans les travaux du GIEC. Jusqu’au milieu de ce siècle, l’évolution est peu dépendante des scénarios d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre, avec un réchauffement moyen de + 1,7°C ainsi que la multiplication d’événements extrêmes, tels que les vagues de chaleur ou les sécheresses des sols. À l’horizon 2100, l’évolution, en revanche, dépend fortement des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, avec une climatologie de notre pays totalement bouleversée et des impacts majeurs sur l’ensemble de nos activités, si les émissions ne sont pas significativement réduites. Ces projections rappellent l’urgence à agir pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Elles constituent également la base pour le développement par Météo-France de services climatiques qui apportent aux différents secteurs d’activité des aides à la décision pour leur permettre de s’adapter à des évolutions déjà inéluctables.
Les effets du changement climatique : quelle adaptation pour les territoires littoraux ?
Authors: Bazin Patrick
Published: May 2022

Le littoral est un milieu mouvant soumis aux forces considérables de la mer, du vent et des fleuves côtiers. Au fil des siècles, l’homme a cherché à maîtriser ces dynamiques naturelles et à fixer les rivages. Aujourd’hui, la logique s’inverse : avec l’élévation progressive du niveau de la mer, la gestion du littoral ne peut plus tout miser sur la défense rigide du trait de côte. Face aux incertitudes, une nouvelle ingénierie de la gestion des territoires littoraux se dessine, laquelle doit intégrer différentes disciplines en matière d’expertise, différentes stratégies dans le temps et des gouvernances réinventées. Les considérations développées dans cet article proviennent pour l’essentiel des enseignements tirés du projet Adapto mené par le Conservatoire du littoral depuis 2018. Elles concernent avant tout les secteurs littoraux peu urbanisés. Certaines d’entre elles peuvent trouver une application aux secteurs plus aménagés et habités, mais les enjeux qui s’y attachent sont sans commune mesure, et la transposition ne va donc pas de soi.
Le changement climatique et ses conséquences économiques
Authors: Montador Laurent
Published: May 2022

Alors que les rapports successifs du GIEC consolident les projections relatives à l’évolution du climat à l’horizon 2050, la modélisation des impacts du changement climatique sur les événements climatiques extrêmes gagne en précision et en opérationnalité. Les modèles développés par la CCR depuis plus d’une quinzaine d’années permettent de disposer à l’échelle de la France d’une vision territorialisée de l’évolution potentielle du coût des catastrophes naturelles. Cette perspective d’évolution inquiétante pour la sécurité des personnes comme pour la résilience économique du pays mettra fort probablement en tension un régime d’indemnisation des catastrophes naturelles, qui fondé sur la solidarité nationale est unique en Europe. Face à ces évolutions, il n’est guère d’autre chemin que celui de l’adaptation, de la dynamisation des pratiques de prévention et du renforcement de l’efficacité des politiques publiques menées en la matière.
Le Carbone Capture and Storage (CCS) : un véritable atout, des arbitrages nécessaires
Authors: Efoui-Hess Maxime
Published: May 2022

Exposée à une inévitable double contrainte carbone ‒ décarboner l’intégralité de ses activités à hauteur de 80 % d’ici à 2050 et s’affranchir presque intégralement des intrants fossiles ‒, la France ne pourra faire l’économie d’une transformation. Le plan de transformation de l’économie française de The Shift Project permet de projeter la France sur des trajectoires à la fois cohérentes sur le plan physique (énergie, matières) et sur celui de l’emploi, ainsi qu’au regard des enjeux. Parmi les solutions technologiques mobilisables, on trouve le captage et le stockage du carbone. Innovation la plus à même de capter les émissions fatales de l’industrie, elle est un atout véritable, dont les limites techniques, économiques et sociétales nous forceront à l’utiliser là où ce sera le plus efficient. Son potentiel, identifié, doit ainsi être mobilisé prioritairement pour décarboner l’industrie lourde. Seule la combinaison des trois types de leviers à disposition ‒ progrès continu, technologies de rupture et sobriété ‒ permettra d’assurer une transformation à la hauteur des objectifs nationaux de décarbonation.
Understanding the Use of the Newcastle, PEDIG, and LACTOSE Control Scores Among Pediatric Ophthalmologists for Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Thuma Tobin B. T. , Zhang Qiang (Ed) , Sharpe James , Gunton Kammi B.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

To determine the clinical use patterns of control scores for intermittent exotropia. The Newcastle Control Score, Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG) score, and Look And Cover, then Ten seconds of Observation Scale for Exotropia (LACTOSE) Control Score were developed to quantify control of exodeviations.

Methods:

A short survey was posted on the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus forum in August and September 2021. Respondents were asked about their assessment of control in intermittent exotropia, including knowledge and use of the various control scales.

Results:

One hundred fourteen pediatric ophthalmologists responded; 54.4% (n = 62) reported not using any specific control score for intermittent exotropia, although 61.4% (n = 70) were familiar with the PEDIG score, 37.7% (n = 43) with the Newcastle Control Score, and 7.9% (n = 9) with the LACTOSE Control Score. The PEDIG score was the most widely used (26.3%, n = 30), but 36.7% (n = 11) of respondents reported that the scale is too time-intensive, limiting its use. To improve the use of the control scores, participants recommended promoting wider understanding of the scales (45.6%, n = 52).

Conclusions:

Most responding pediatric ophthalmologists do not use a specific control score in managing intermittent exotropia. The PEDIG score is the most frequently used but is reported as time-intensive. Although the LACTOSE Control Score was designed to provide a quicker alternative, it is not widely known. Promoting wider awareness and understanding of intermittent exotropia control scores may be helpful to allow for more objective quantification of control in intermittent exotropia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(2):131–138.]
Short-term and Long-term Status of Monocular Eye Closure in Sunlight After Surgical Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Mohan Kanwar , Sharma Suresh Kumar
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

To evaluate short-term and long-term status of monocular eye closure in sunlight after surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia.

Methods:

The medical records of consecutive patients 4 years and older who underwent surgery for intermittent exotropia with monocular eye closure in sunlight were reviewed retrospectively. Monocular eye closure status on short-term and long-term postoperative follow-up was analyzed to determine whether the status on short-term follow-up remained or changed on long-term follow-up.

Results:

A total of 37 patients were included (mean age: 10.64 ± 6.05 years). Thirteen patients (35%) were postoperatively observed for 6 months or less (short-term) and 24 (65%) for a mean 7.12 ± 2.89 years (long-term). Monocular eye closure disappeared in 16 patients (43%) and persisted in 21 (57%) on short-term follow-up. There was no significant difference in eye closure status between short-term and long-term follow-up in 24 patients. Eight of 9 patients (89%) with disappearance of eye closure on short-term follow-up maintained this status on long-term follow-up and 1 patient (11%) had reappearance of eye closure. Eleven of 15 patients (73%) with persistence of eye closure on short-term follow-up maintained this status on long-term follow-up and 4 (27%) had disappearance of eye closure. Three patients had a fluctuation in eye closure status during long-term follow-up.

Conclusions:

Monocular eye closure disappeared in nearly 40% of patients on short-term follow-up and in 50% on long-term follow-up after surgery for intermittent exotropia. Monocular eye closure status on short-term follow-up remained on long-term follow-up in most patients and changed in a few patients.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(2):114–119.]
A study on the fractal-fractional tobacco smoking model
Authors: Khan Hasib , Alzabut Jehad , Shah Anwar , Etemad Sina , Rezapour Shahram , Park Choonkil
Published: May 2022

In this article, we consider a fractal-fractional tobacco mathematical model with generalized kernels of Mittag-Leffler functions for qualitative and numerical studies. From qualitative point of view, our study includes; existence criteria, uniqueness of solution and Hyers-Ulam stability. For the numerical aspect, we utilize Lagrange's interpolation polynomial and obtain a numerical scheme which is further illustrated simulations. Lastly, a comparative analysis is presented for different fractal and fractional orders. The numerical results are divided into four figures based on different fractal and fractional orders. We have found that the fractional and fractal orders have a significant impact on the dynamical behaviour of the model.
Factors associated with parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19: The LA pandemic surveillance cohort study
Authors: Lam Chun Nok , Nicholas William , De La Torre Alejandro , Chan Yanpui , Unger Jennifer B. , Sood Neeraj , Hu Howard
Published: May 2022

Background

Children age 5–11 became eligible for COVID-19 vaccination in November 2021 in the United States, but vaccine uptake in this age group remains low. Understanding reasons why parents are hesitant to vaccinate their children may provide critical insights to help protect children from COVID-19 infection. This study examines factors associated with parents' willingness to vaccinate their children.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey focusing on the Los Angeles County adult residents between March and June 2021. Our analytic sample focused on a subgroup of participants who self-report having a child. Predictors included parents' vaccination status and beliefs about COVID-19. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis and calculated the predicted probabilities of parents' willingness to vaccinate their children.

Results

Parents (n = 401) who worried about catching the virus, had trust in vaccine development and the COVID-19 vaccine approval process, and vaccinated against COVID-19 were more likely to be willing to vaccinate their children. Socio-economic, racial and ethnic differences were no longer statistically significant in the adjusted model. Predicted probabilities of parents who were willing to vaccine their children were 55% among the vaccinated and 36% among the unvaccinated.

Conclusions

Parents' intent to vaccinate their children is influenced by their perceived severity of the pandemic, trust in the vaccine development process, and their vaccination status, which can be the potential drivers of hesitancy to vaccinate their children.
Managers and Productivity in the Public Sector
Authors: Fenizia Alessandra
Published: May 2022

This paper studies the impacts of managers in the administrative public sector using novel Italian administrative data containing an output‐based measure of productivity. Exploiting the rotation of managers across sites, I find that a one standard deviation increase in managerial talent raises office productivity by 10%. These gains are driven primarily by the exit of older workers who retire when more productive managers take over. I use these estimates to evaluate the optimal allocation of managers to offices. I find that assigning better managers to the largest and most productive offices would increase output by at least 6.9%.
A Modern Gauss–Markov Theorem
Authors: Hansen Bruce E.
Published: May 2022

This paper presents finite‐sample efficiency bounds for the core econometric problem of estimation of linear regression coefficients. We show that the classical Gauss–Markov theorem can be restated omitting the unnatural restriction to linear estimators, without adding any extra conditions. Our results are lower bounds on the variances of unbiased estimators. These lower bounds correspond to the variances of the the least squares estimator and the generalized least squares estimator, depending on the assumption on the error covariances. These results show that we can drop the label “linear estimator” from the pedagogy of the Gauss–Markov theorem. Instead of referring to these estimators as BLUE, they can legitimately be called BUE (best unbiased estimators).
La congrégation des rites et la sainteté antique
Authors: Delfosse Annick
Published: May 2022

Les compétences attribuées à la Congrégation des Rites par Sixte Quint lors de la réforme de la Curie romaine (1588) l’invitèrent à prendre position sur le culte des « vieux saints ». En effet, les diocèses qui avaient été contraints de renoncer à leurs traditions liturgiques pour adopter le modèle romain avaient vu plusieurs de leurs « vieux saints » disparaître du calendrier. Ils souhaitaient donc obtenir de la Congrégation l’autorisation de les y réintégrer, à l’échelle locale. Dans un premier temps, la Congrégation s’est employée à concéder de manière contrôlée des messes et des offices propres pour ces antiques saints régionaux. À partir du pontificat d’Urbain VIII, cependant, la Congrégation opéra une volte-face radicale et se consacra à bloquer les messes et les offices festifs. Aussi les vieux saints qui n’avaient pas trouvé place dans le Martyrologe romain furent-ils définitivement exclus des pratiques liturgiques.
Un « vieux » saint sans cesse rajeuni : l’évêque romain de Rouen
Authors: Vincent Catherine
Published: May 2022

L’histoire du culte de saint Romain de Rouen (évêque du VIIe siècle) atteste comment des saints anciens ont pu, dès le Moyen Âge connaître des temps de réactualisation, fût-ce par la transformation de leur légendaire. La trame banale de la première Vie de saint Romain s’est ainsi prêtée à divers remaniements qui en ont fait un saint évangélisateur permettant d’insérer dans le plan divin la conversion des Vikings, une figure épiscopale exemplaire sur le modèle grégorien et le protecteur de la cité, garant du « Privilège saint Romain », droit de grâce exercé par le chapitre. Il est notable que, dans cette perspective, l’Église de Rouen ait retenu un saint de l’époque mérovingienne, plutôt qu’une figure plus récente, comme l’ont fait de nombreuses cités italiennes et lui a manifesté une fidélité durable. Mais au-delà de sa dimension identitaire normande, le saint évêque pourrait aussi incarner les aspirations d’une Église de France en pleine affirmation à la fin du Moyen Âge.
Impact de l’utilisation du chlorure de sodium utilisé en pulvérisation pour lutter contre le développement de la jacinthe d’eau Eichhornia crassipes sur la qualité physico-chimique d’un écosystème semi-artificiel
Authors: Guézo Nadège Chimène , Fiogbé Emile Didier , Bokossa Hervé Kouessivi Janvier , Ouattara Allassane , Assogba Virgile Ahognidé , Kouamelan Paul Essétchi
Published: May 2022

Afin d’assurer la préservation et la valorisation des écosystèmes aquatiques menacés par la jacinthe d’eau Eichhornia crassipes, des méthodes basées sur le chlorure de sodium NaCl ont été mises au point pour lutter contre la prolifération de cette macrophyte envahissante. Cette étude évalue l’impact de la technique mise au point sur la qualité physico-chimique de l’eau et présente l’état physico-chimique de l’eau d’un écosystème semi-artificiel (étang) suite à la pulvérisation des plantes de jacinthe à base de solution chlorure de sodium (NaCl). Le but de l’étude est de préserver les risques écologiques d’une telle méthode de lutte en milieu réel. L’expérience a été réalisée dans un étang de 11 mètres de long et de 3 mètres de large, couvrant une surface de 33 mètres carrés. La partie occupée par les plantes de jacinthe représente les 2/3 de la surface de l’étang. L’étang contenait au départ un volume d’eau estimé à 34,1 mètres cubes. L’eau de mer a été utilisée pour pulvériser les plantes de jacinthe. Cette pulvérisation a été réalisée en une seule journée et le volume de solvant pulvérisé au mètre carré était de 11,32 litres. Les paramètres physico-chimiques de l’eau de même que les substances chimiques eutrophisantes ont été mesurés au début (avant pulvérisation), aussitôt après la pulvérisation et ceci tous les cinq jours après pulvérisation sur une période de 25 jours. Au terme de l’étude, la salinité est passée de 0,10 à 0,27 gramme par litre pour un volume final d’eau de 13,6 mètres cubes. La concentration du milieu en sels nutritifs a significativement augmenté. Il en résulte une augmentation significative de la conductivité de l’eau, conséquence de l’augmentation des sels minéraux issus de la décomposition et de la minéralisation des feuilles mortes des plantes de jacinthe dans le milieu.
Distancing From a Stigmatized Identity
Authors: Mendoza Lepe Ricardo , Warren Meg A. , Crano William D. , Sam Adrianna A.
Published: May 2022

Discrimination is perceived as stemming from outgroups. The UN Sustainable Development Goal 10 focused on reducing inequalities calls attention also to intragroup hostilities. In the US, intragroup hostilities between Latinos/as might occur if disassociation from a stigmatized sub-group protects one's status. This chapter tests potential disassociation effects by examining whether US Latinos/as distance themselves from a stigmatized identity by supporting adverse policies regarding Latino/a immigrants. Two studies (n=273 and n=8634) found that citizenship status was linked to support for adverse policies: more US-born Latinos/as considered immigrants a burden than Latinos/as of unknown status or non-citizens. Some Latino/a citizens might cut off reflected failure associated with being an immigrant because distancing might support coping with cultural demands of US residence and distancing from recent immigrants might prevent transference of negative stereotypes. As inequalities increase overall in the post-COVID-19 era, intragroup bias may worsen outcomes for stigmatized sub-groups.
COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ferreira Jr. Paulo Cesar Duarte , Machado Elaine Mara Marçal , Meiriño Marcelo Jasmim , Quelhas Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves , Mexas Mirian Picinini
Published: May 2022

The present work aims to analyze the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic with sustainability commitments in the supply chain, providing practices and tendencies. Through literature review and application of research questionnaire to 53 respondents, it was understood that robust and reliable relationships are essential to increase the resilience and safety of the supply chain. It was concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic re-signifies the supply chain, catalyzing existing visibility, resilience, digitalization, and risk management problems. Quality management has also been impacted, requiring adaptation to ensure the quality of services and supplies and support the companies' strategic decisions. In this sense, this chapter updates the COVID-19 pandemic impacts that occurred on the supply chain management sustainability, with lessons learned for mitigation of future crises and shows the limitations like applied questionnaires regarding different industries in different countries to analyze the challenges and impressions of different sectors and cultures.
How Can Business Enterprises Use Sustainability-Oriented Innovations as a Strategic Tool?
Authors: Yıldız Oğuz
Published: May 2022

Today, companies' incremental innovations and reactive approaches remain insufficient to cope with shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic and the climate crisis. Thus, they need to start with a radical shift in their thinking to be responsible and sustainable at the minimum level. Furthermore, companies must build, transform, and adapt an innovation ecosystem with stakeholders who interact to create and diffuse innovation. The author suggests that ‘organizational transformation', which emphasizes creating more shared value within society, and ‘system building', which highlights the company that goes beyond the institutional borders and redefines the purpose of the company's mission in society, are essential innovation strategies in overcoming the shocks generated by the COVID-19 pandemic and climate crisis. This chapter aims to clarify the meaning of the innovation terms related to sustainability and provide responsible and sustainable business practices from traditional resources and gray literature based on organizational transformation and system building approaches.
Mitigation of Antibiotics in Nature
Authors: Pires Carla Maria Batista Ferreira
Published: May 2022

Antimicrobial medicines are taken orally or parenterally. These molecules are primarily eliminated by kidneys. However, several studies indicate that the methods of wastewater treatment are not sufficient to effectively remove these drugs from the environment, such as excreted antibiotics and antifungals in urine. Thus, antimicrobials can pollute the food chain. Mutations of bacteria and/or fungi may be responsible for the emergence of new drug resistances, with irreparable global consequences. The chapter's aim is to present a new and inventive purification device of human urine during treatment with antimicrobials. The regular use of this device by citizens during treatment with antimicrobials may lead to a reduction of more than 30% to 50% of these molecules in urine, with the reduction of antibiotic or antifungal pollution.
Collaborative Leadership a Strategy to Address Issues of Multicultural and Global Education for Sustainable Leadership
Authors: Gcelu Ntombizandile
Published: May 2022

Attempts to harmonize people's diverse environments gradually have become a success though they are still clouded with challenges. Leaders in schools must ensure that the existing harmony of living in various environments is maintained for sustainable leadership in schools. While leaders are trying to maintain and improve the status quo, the COVID-19 pandemic increased schools' challenges worldwide. Leadership in schools is vital to solving the challenges mentioned above. Hence, the chapter is trying to find whether collaborative leadership can be used as a strategy to solve issues related to multicultural and global education for sustainable leadership in rural schools. The chapter employed interpretive approach within the qualitative approach using literature review (scoping review( as a research design.
When and Where We Enter
Authors: Cupid Sherella , Marina Brenda Louise Hammett , Canton Marcia
Published: May 2022

Over the past 50 years, a range of social, cultural, and structural-institutional ideologies have been identified as intervention strategies for breaking the glass ceiling in academia. Institutional practices and discourses are exemplars of how much or how little attention has been paid to the relationship of mentoring and the social, cultural, and political dis/advantages for women's career paths towards leadership. There is an important and devastating consequence for women who lack mentorship at every juncture of their career. As such, this chapter is a descriptive analysis and review on the experiences of African American women academics in specific and women academics from other diverse backgrounds in general, and how they are (or are not) mentored for leadership.
COVID-19, Poverty, Education, and Technology in Ghana
Authors: Mensah-Aggrey Dorothy , Ofori-Dankwa Joseph , Akowuah Nana Kwame , Okyere-Fosu Davida Chardelle
Published: May 2022

The ongoing pandemic provides an opportunity to highlight the results of the vicious cycle where COVID-19 intersects with poverty, education, and technology in Ghana. In this chapter, the authors apply intersectionality theory to the overlapping areas of the existing poverty, educational, and technological divides in the sub-Saharan country of Ghana. The authors further demonstrate how the dysfunctional implications of this intersect are further amplified and compounded by COVID-19. The authors propose several recommendations for the resolutions of the intersectionality issues identified. These include practical suggestions for the Ghanaian government, the various educational institutions, private sectors, and individual teachers and students.
Measuring the Quality of Higher Education Internationalization in Oman
Authors: Albusaidi Saud Saif
Published: May 2022

Several factors contribute to the effectiveness of educational organizations. This chapter focuses on the role of internationalization as a key factor contributing to the success of higher education (HE) and higher education institutions (HEIs) in Oman. The aim of this chapter is to discuss two elements that are vital for successful internationalization in universities: affiliation and accreditation. This chapter also critiques different tools that assess the quality of internationalization in HE worldwide and considers how these can be utilized to support HE internationalization in Oman. Finally, the chapter recommends the NVAO evaluation tool as the most appropriate choice for the internationalization practices at HEIs in Oman.
Anarquismo, repressão e clandestinidade no Brasil: os anarquistas durante a década de 1960.
Authors: Rudy Antonio Cleber
Published: May 2022

Este texto visa alocar o movimento anarquista brasileiro no cenário da ditadura civil-militar. Assim, diante do golpe de 1964, qual seria a posição dos agrupamentos anarquistas? Como ficou sua produção político-cultural? É certo que com a repressão que a partir de 1964 promoveu uma série de prisões e "maus-tratos", os libertários passariam a atuar com certa cautela. Anos depois, em 1968, com a aprovação do AI-5 uma etapa mais intensa de repressão atingiria diversos movimentos sociais, cujos redutos libertários também foram alvo de investidas, a exemplo da invasão e depredação do Centro de Estudos Professor José Oiticica, localizado no Rio de Janeiro, acompanhada da prisão e tortura de seus militantes. Em meio a isso, no Rio Grande do Sul, na cidade de Porto Alegre, um inquérito policial-militar era lavrado contra estudantes acusados de subversão anarquista. Logo, diante de tais tempos sombrios, a clandestinidade se apresentaria como um acertado caminho para a sobrevida das práticas e saberes anarquistas.
O Nordeste do Brasil como palco da Guerra Fria: a Aliança para o Progresso e o interesse das forças políticas tradicionais nordestinas nas relações Brasil-Estados Unidos (1960-1964).
Authors: Carvalho Oliveira Pedro
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo busca analisar como e por quais razões a Aliança para o Progresso, programa de desenvolvimento e modernização estadunidense destinado à América Latina, direcionou grandes montantes de recursos financeiros para o Nordeste do Brasil no início dos anos 1960. Veremos, a partir das respostas a isso, como as forças políticas tradicionais do Nordeste, braço das oligarquias agrárias da região, provocaram uma mudança no comportamento da Aliança para o Progresso e, em larga medida, obrigaram os EUA a radicalizar o programa sob a justificativa de implementar sua segurança nacional, acabando por fortalecer as referidas forças políticas ao invés de combater as estruturas por elas preservadas, que, paradoxalmente, entravavam a penetração do capitalismo liberal na região.
Censura ao erotismo e violência no cinema em Portugal (1968-1974).
Authors: Morais Ana Bela
Published: May 2022

Este artigo apresenta algumas das principais conclusões de um projecto de pós-doutoramento que se centrou no estudo da censura ao cinema, no que respeita ao erotismo e violência, em Portugal, durante o período de governo de Marcello Caetano (1968-1974). Qual a pulsão mais censurada: o erotismo ou a violência? Será que a censura ao cinema ficou mais branda durante o marcelismo? Estas são algumas das questões a que o presente artigo pretende dar resposta. A pesquisa baseou-se nos processos de censura e actas da Comissão de Censura dos filmes, nacionais e estrangeiros, que estão depositados no Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo (ANTT), em Lisboa.
Enigma of the high prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in HIV-positive people with no symptoms of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso
Authors: Sagna Tani , Ouedraogo Paul , Traore Lassina , Obiri-Yeboah Dorcas , Yonli Albert , Tapsoba Aristide , Tovo Frida , Sorgho Abel , Zongo Laetitia , Nikiema Ouego , Ilboudo Denise , Belemgnegre Marius , Nadembega Christelle W. , Ouermi Djeneba , Djigma Florencia W. , Zohoncon Theodora M. , Poaty Henriette , Colizzi Vittorio , Simpore Jacques
Published: May 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome due to the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has severely tested the global health response capacity, with predictions of a fatality for developing countries. To evaluate the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV- 2 antibodies in People Living with HIV (PLHIV) with no COVID-19 symptoms in Burkina Faso. Seroprevalence was estimated by performing a qualitative screening test for SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulins. The STANDARDTM Q COVID-19 IgM/IgG Combo Test kit from SD BIOSENSOR was used. Parameters like HIV plasma viral load, CD4 T cell count and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) expression were estimated. This study enrolled a total of 200 PLHIV aged 4-87 years who are asymptomatic for COVID-19. There were 36 (18%) positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgM and/or IgG of which three (1.50%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgM and 33 (16.50%) for IgG. Among participants diagnosed as IgM positive, 66.67% (2/3) had the highest HIV viral loads with the lowest CD4 T cell counts (p0.0001). The expression of CRP was relatively higher in COVID-19 IgG positive individuals (7.95±12.5 mg/L) than negative individuals (6.26±6.92 mg/L; p=0.37). The rate of IgG and IgM SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin carriage (18%), accompanied by a relatively high CRP levels, was revealed in this study among PLHIV. This serologic evidence and mild inflammation suggest that Burkina Faso escaped the worst, not necessarily because there were not many SARS-CoV-2 infections in its population, but because factors including genetic and environmental, might have resulted in many asymptomatic carriers.
Exploring the link between organic matter and Carlin-type gold mineralization: new insights from Yukon deposits
Authors: Pinet N , Ardakani O H , Cesar J , Petts D C , Debuhr C , Sack P
J
Published: May 2022

The link between organic matter and gold in sediment-hosted Carlin-type deposits is controversial. This study aims to tackle this potential link by documenting the occurrence of organic matter in a single borehole from a Carlin-type gold deposit in Yukon and by
considering, in a preliminary way, the spatial and/or temporal relationship between organic matter and gold mineralization. The sedimentary succession hosting the Conrad deposit was relatively rich in organic matter, possibly related to Archea. Despite the high maturation of samples, the total
organic carbon (TOC) content of the limestone unit averages 1.31 wt. % (maximum = 3.18 wt. %). Petrographic observations indicate that pore and fracture filling pyrobitumen is the dominant organic matter maceral in the studied samples. This type of pyrobitumen was matured after its
emplacement, indicating that hydrocarbon fluids cannot have served as an agent for gold transport. Pyrobitumen disseminated in the rock or associated with stylolites are also documented. The correlation between TOC and Tl (the best proxy for Au) for selected samples and the high As content of
pyrobitumen filling pores may suggest a link between organic matter content and gold deposition, but this was not demonstrated by LA-ICP-MS micro-scale mapping. This study also highlights the challenges of establishing a direct spatial relationship between 'invisible' gold and very small
(< 10 µm) pyrobitumen particles.
Transphyseal Fracture of Distal Humerus
Authors: Palocaren Thomas
Published: May 2022

Distal humeral physeal seperations are a rare and clinically important injury. It can be misinterpreted due to the unossified nature of the distal humeral physis. The appropriate management and imaging guidelines have been included for better management of this entity which carries a good prognosis.
Nonunion of the Lateral Condyle of Humerus
Authors: Singh Kumar Amerendra , Shah Hitesh
Published: May 2022

Lateral condyle humerus fracture in children is known to have union complications. Delay in diagnosis, pull at the common extensor origin, precarious blood supply and lack of appropriate treatment may result in non-union. Non-union of lateral condyle can lead to progressive cubitus valgus. Progressive cubitus valgus may be associated with pain, instability and stiffness of the elbow and ulnar nerve paresis. Plain radiographs of the elbow are required for the assessment of the joint congruity, size of the lateral condyle fragment, extent of the elbow deformity and physis status. Corrective osteotomy with anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve gives good cosmetic and functional results.
Medial Epicondyle Fractures of the Humerus
Authors: Chandankere Vidyasagar
Published: May 2022

Medial epicondyle fractures are common in adolescent age group and uncommon in younger age. Unossified elbow in a younger child may pose a challenge in diagnosis. Historically fracture displacement has been quoted and used frequently as criteria for management. Plain radiographs which are routinely used for management, may underestimate the displacement. Incarcerated and open medial epicondyle fractures remain absolute indications for open reduction. Elbow dislocation, Instability, Ulnar Nerve injury, Associated fracture or ligamentous injuries and physical demands of the patient must also be considered during decision making. Isolated fractures have yielded excellent results when managed conservatively. Complications of conservatively managed fractures are rarely symptomatic. The decision to operatively manage these injuries must be individualised after considering the above mentioned factors.
Acute Lateral Condyle Fractures of the Humerus
Authors: Harish Petnikota
Published: May 2022

A good outcome in Acute Lateral condyle fractures can be achieved by proper assessment and protocol based treatment. Clinical assessment of fracture stability can be indirectly assessed by associated soft tissue swelling, fracture crepitus elbow joint stability. Radiographs will help in determining the displacement and thereby the fracture stability and classify the fracture. It should essentially include all three views, the Anteroposterior, 15 degrees Internal Oblique and Lateral views, during initial as well as during follow-up. If stability and pattern of fracture cannot be determined on radiographs, especially in very young children, MRI and Ultrasonography will aid in determining the stability of undisplaced fractures by looking at intact cartilage hinge. Stable fractures (Song's Grade 1 and 2) can be managed non-operatively. Weekly followup radiographs out of the cast for the first 2 weeks is essential as majority of undisplaced fractures get displaced within first 2 weeks. Displaced fractures are treated by closed or open reduction. Intra operative arthrogram can aid assessment of fracture fragment and its reduction. Two K-wires, one placed transversely and other obliquely at an approximate angle of 45-60 degrees, will be sufficient to provide good stability. A screw can be placed in older children with a large capitellum or a metaphyseal fragment. A low threshold for open reduction should be considered with an aim to achieve good articular reduction. The commonest concern is lateral prominence causing Pseudovarus deformity. It usually resolves over sometime.