bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between the Talar Tilt Angle and Hindfoot Varus in Medial Ankle OA
Authors: Kim Kyung-mu , Yim Hyun Seok , Hong Sung-Ha , Sung Ki Sun
Published: October 2016

Category:

Ankle Arthritis

Introduction/Purpose:

Radiographically medial ankle osteoarthritis shows different features according to talar tilt which is known to an important determining factor in low tibial osteotomy surgery. However, little is known about the reason of this presentation. We hypothesized that the talar tilt angle and degree of hind foot varus might be correlated.

Methods:

We reviewed radiographs of 184 patients diagnosed with medial ankle osteoarthritis between May 2006 and February 2015. A total of 126 ankles in 97 patients diagnosed as Takakura stage 1–3b medial ankle osteoarthritis, were reviewed. We measured tibio-talar angle, talar tilt angle, tibial-anterior surface angle, and hindfoot alignment angle We divided the ankles into 4 groups according to tibio-talar angle by 10 degrees, and each group was further divided into 2 subgroups based on median talar tilt angle. We analyzed the correlation between talar tilt and hindfoot alignment angle in each group. We analyzed the differences in the hind foot alignment between the subgroups. Ankle radiographs of selected patients were measured by two observers to determine the interobserver reliability. One of the observers evaluated all radiographs twice to determine the intraobserver reliability.

Results:

The tibiotalar angle was strongly correlated with the talar tilt angle (r=−0.845), while there was no correlation between tibio-talar angle and hindfoot alignment angle(r=-0.595). Among the groups, tibio-talar angle of 70-80 showed a significantly different hindfoot alignment between the 2 subgroups (p=0.0187). In the rest groups, there was no significant difference between tibio-talar and hindfoot alignment angle. The interobserver and intraobserver reliability for all radiographic measurements was good to excellent

Conclusion:

We could find out a definite correlation between talar tilt and hindfoot alignment angle in certain degree of varus ankle OA, and no correlation between tibio-talar angle and hindfoot alignment, which might have a clincal relevance in determining the method of osteotomy surgery.
Distribution of Neuropeptides in the Synovium of Charcot Neuroarthropathy
Authors: Schon Lew C. , Mitchell Reed , Zahoor Talal A. , Zhang Zijun
Published: October 2016

Category:

Basic Sciences/Biologics

Introduction/Purpose:

The pathology of Charcot neuroarthropathy (CNA) presents inflammation, and bone and cartilage destruction. It is still unclear how the neuropathic signals lead to joint inflammation and destruction. Neuropeptides are secreted by neurons and involve in the regulation of inflammation. Synovium is richly innervated and known to play a critical role in the pathology of inflammatory arthritis. This study is designed to investigate the distribution of several neuropeptides, such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), in CNA synovium, in comparison with non-CNA synovium, with immunohistochemistry.

Methods:

Synovial samples were collected from CNA patients (n=3) and patients with osteoarthritis and intraarticular fracture (non-CNA; n=3), during foot and ankle surgery (approved by IRB). The tissue samples were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in O.T.C media and sectioned with a cryostat. From each patient, 6-9 sections were randomly selected for immunohistochemistry. After blocking the tissue sections with normal serum, primary antibody of SP, VIP and CGRP was separately applied and incubated at 4ºC overnight. The biotinylated secondary antibody and ABC kit (Victor Laboratories) were applied subsequently. DAB (3,3’-diaminobenzidine) was used for colorimetric detection (brown) of immunohistochemical reactions. The cell nuclei were stained with hematoxylin. The staining was viewed under a microscope and images were taken with a digital camera.

Results:

In the non-CNA synovium, SP was stained around neuro-vascular bundles and intensely stained on the surface of the synovium, i.e. the intimal layer. In the CNA synovium, SP staining was increased and more diffuse into the subintimal layer of the synovium (Fig 1). In non-CNA synovium, VIP was detected along the surface area of the synovium but not limited in the intimal layer. In CNA synovium, VIP was a similar staining pattern with a reduced staining intensity. The CGRP staining was primarily limited in the intimal layer in the non-CNA synovium. In CNA synovium, CGRP was stained in the intimal layer with an increased intensity.

Conclusion:

SP, VIP and CGRP are well-studied neuropeptides and have broad biological and pathological functions. All of them were detected in the intimal layer, where fibroblast-like synoviocytes are located. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes are fundamental elements of joint inflammation and are capable of degradation of bone and cartilage directly and indirectly. The changed patterns of SP, VIP and CGRP distributions in CNA synovium revealed by immunohistochemistry indicate a possible pathological pathway in CNA development: the unbalanced neuropathic signals direct fibroblast-like synoviocytes to an inflammatory state, which trigger the cascade of bone and cartilage destruction in CNA.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism After Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Ahmad Jamal , Lynch Mary-Katherine , Maltenfort Mitchell
Published: October 2016

Category:

Basic Sciences/Biologics

Introduction/Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of symptomatic postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a single surgeon’s (JA) practice at a tertiary care center after orthopaedic foot/ankle surgery. We hypothesize that the incidence of postoperative VTE is not significant, but certain patients may be at higher risk for VTE than others.

Methods:

This is a retrospective review of patients that received orthopaedic foot/ankle surgery between September 2006 and September 2015 by a single surgeon (JA). Inclusion criteria involved surgical patients that were without coagulopathy, previous VTE, and/or using anti-coagulation medications including aspirin. Patients with coagulopathy, prior VTE, and/or taking anti- coagulation medication were excluded from this study. Patients’ charts were reviewed for their age, weight, and medical co- morbidities. The diagnosis and procedure(s) that each patient received was recorded. Postoperatively, all patients were immobilized (i.e., surgical shoe, splint, or external fixator) and rendered partial or nonweightbearing for a minimum of 4 weeks after surgery. Every patient’s postsurgical course was examined for the occurrence of a symptomatic postoperative VTE. This event was defined as a superficial vein thrombosis (SVT), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or pulmonary embolus (PE) within 90 days from surgery.

Results:

Of 2746 patients that received foot/ankle surgery, 22 (0.80%) developed a post-operative VTE. The mean age of these patients was 47.3 years. 12 patients were male and the remaining 10 were female. 16 patients were obese and the remaining 6 were non-obese. Surgeries performed were ankle fracture repair in 8 (0.29%), hindfoot arthrodesis in 3 (0.11%), Achilles tendon repair in 2 (0.07%), ankle ligament reconstruction in 2, hammer-toe correction in 2, calcaneal fracture repair in 1 (0.04%), metatarsal fracture repair in 1, ankle cartilage repair in 1, peroneal tendon repair in 1, and below-knee amputation in 1. Obesity was predictive of post-operative VTE to a significant (P=0.04) degree. Age, sex, medical co-morbidities, and type of surgery were not significantly prognostic for a post-surgical VTE.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that the incidence of VTE after orthopaedic foot and/or ankle surgery is low. However, this research shows that obese patients are at significantly higher risk for VTE after such surgeries. This is highly important when educating patients as to their chances of developing a VTE from foot/ankle surgery and preventing its occurrence in those at risk.
Minimal residual disease is an independent predictor for 10-year survival in CLL
Authors: Kwok Marwan , Rawstron Andy C. , Varghese Abraham , Evans Paul A. S. , O’Connor Sheila J. M. , Doughty Chi , Newton Darren J. , Moreton Paul , Hillmen Peter
Published: October 2016

Key Points

MRD negativity is a predictor for long-term progression-free and overall survival independent of the type and line of therapy. MRD negativity confers the greatest prognostic benefit when achieved in the frontline setting.
Anticommunism in popular culture: the evolution and contestation of “anticommunist films” in South Korea
Authors: Lee Hana
Published: October 2016

The goal of this paper is to grasp the relationship of coexistence, and at times, discord, between anticommunism and popular culture through a historical and chronological survey. To do this, this paper will first seek to understand anticommunism as an ideology with consistent logic, but a as a diverse and multilayered, mutable and contradictory affect. This gives the advantage of viewing anti-communism not from the aspect of its production, but of its acceptance. This can provide a clue as to why anticommunism, which wields unsurpassed power at present in the world’s only divided nation, Korea, compulsively defends itself while constantly in a state of insecurity and ambiguity while facing challenges and resistance, and endless cracks form in its logic. This paper consider the influence exerted by anticommunism on “anticommunist films” and the reconstruction of the conditions of “anticommunism” by “anti-communist films” as two dimensions of the changing face of anticommunism circulating in popular sentiment through an analysis of the honeymoon/conflict relationship between anticommunism and popular culture.
Boronic acid treatment phenocopies monopteros by affecting PIN1 membrane stability and polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana embryos
Authors: Matthes Michaela , Torres-Ruiz Ramón A.
Published: October 2016

Several observations suggest that the micronutrient boron (B) has a stabilising role in the plasma membrane (PM), supporting functions in PM-linked (hormone) signalling processes. However, this role is poorly characterised. Here we show treatment with boronic acids, specific competitors of B, phenocopies the Arabidopsis thaliana rootless pattern mutant monopteros. At least in part, this is caused by phenylboronic acid (PBA)-induced internalisation of the membrane-localised auxin efflux carrier PINFORMED1 (PIN1) in the early embryo. PIN1 internalisation interrupts the feedback signal transduction cascade involving the phytohormone auxin, PIN1 and the transcription factor gene MONOPTEROS. This entails several effects, including abnormal development of vascular cell precursors, suppression of MONOPTEROS downstream targets and loss of the root auxin maximum – essential signals for root meristem development. While PIN1 is internalised, we observe a differential effect of PBA on other proteins, which are either unaffected, internalised or, as in the case of the B transporter BOR1, stabilised at the PM. These findings suggest a competition of PBA with B for plant membrane proteins and might shed light on the function of B at the PM.
Nuclei migrate through constricted spaces using microtubule motors and actin networks in C. elegans hypodermal cells
Authors: Bone Courtney R. , Chang Yu-Tai , Cain Natalie E. , Murphy Shaun P. , Starr Daniel A.
Published: October 2016

Cellular migrations through constricted spaces are a crucial aspect of many developmental and disease processes including hematopoiesis, inflammation and metastasis. A limiting factor in these events is nuclear deformation. Here, we establish an in vivo model in which nuclei can be visualized while moving through constrictions and use it to elucidate mechanisms for nuclear migration. C. elegans hypodermal P-cell larval nuclei traverse a narrow space that is about 5% their width. This constriction is blocked by fibrous organelles, structures that pass through P cells to connect the muscles to cuticle. Fibrous organelles are removed just prior to nuclear migration, when nuclei and lamins undergo extreme morphological changes to squeeze through the space. Both actin and microtubule networks are organized to mediate nuclear migration. The LINC complex, consisting of the SUN protein UNC-84 and the KASH protein UNC-83, recruits dynein and kinesin-1 to the nuclear surface. Both motors function in P-cell nuclear migration, but dynein, functioning through UNC-83, plays a more central role as nuclei migrate towards minus ends of polarized microtubule networks. Thus, the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton are coordinated to move nuclei through constricted spaces.
LABOR ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM
Authors: Варламова Анна , Varlamova Anna
Published: October 2016

The article analyzes the concept of "social problem" in both domestic and foreign researchers, presents the reasons of their occurrence and exacerbation, and gives the current classification of social problems. The author pays special attention to the combination of study at University with work as a modern social problem of students. This phenomenon in the demand at the labour market for "student of University” as certain, intermediate type of worker is analyzed, and the impact of student’s labour activity on the learning process is revealed. The article presents the results of authorial sociological research (questionnaires) of the students of Russian State University of Tourism and Service" carried out in 2015. The scope and specifics of the students´ involvement in work activities, the motivation of respondents, the main problems faced by students are identified. The author has also conducted correlation analysis of the obtained data with the results of previously conducted studies of different researchers.
An iterative method to solve a nonlinear matrix equation
Authors: Jingjing Peng , Anping Liao , Zhenyun Peng
Published: October 2016

n this paper, an iterative method to solve one kind of nonlinear matrix equation is discussed. For each initial matrix with some conditions, the matrix sequences generated by the iterative method are shown to lie in a fixed open ball. The matrix sequences generated by the iterative method are shown to converge to the only solution of the nonlinear matrix equation in the fixed closed ball. In addition, the error estimate of the approximate solution in the fixed closed ball, and a numerical example to illustrate the convergence results are given.
Effect of thickness on fluorescence of resin-composites and dental substrates
Authors: Tavares Carla , Tavares Luiza , Correia Ayla , Bresciani Eduardo , Caneppele Taciana
Published: October 2016

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of thickness on fluorescence of resin composites and tooth substrates (enamel and dentin). Material and methods: Ninety bovine incisors were used, resulting in 45 dentin and 45 enamel disks (6 mm diameter and 0.5, 1, or 1.5 mm in thickness). Ninety discs of Charisma, Filtek Z350 and IPS Empress Direct (for enamel and dentin) resins at same dimensions were built. Fluorescence measurements were performed using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (RF-5301PC, Shimadzu Corp) with excitation at 365 nm. Data were submitted to 2-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests (? = 0.05). Results: The 2- way - ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences for all factors, as well as the interaction between them (p <0.05). Dentin specimens (1.5 mm) showed highest fluorescence (128.33 A.U.), while Filtek Z350 (dentin - 1.0 mm) showed the lowest fluorescence (29.84 A.U.). Thickness influenced fluorescence values of enamel substrate. Conclusion: The thickness influenced fluorescence of enamel and all resin composite assessed showed fluorescence lower than natural dentin.KeywordsDental enamel; Dental resins; Dentin; Spectrometry, Fluorescence.
Bovine and equine biomaterials in mandibular alveolar dog model: Split-mouth study
Authors: Jacomacci Willian Pecin , Pavan Angelo José , Zanoni Jacqueline Nelisis , Camarini Edevaldo Tadeu
Published: October 2016

A predictable rehabilitation of severely atrophied alveolar ridge defects still remains a matter of concern in implant dentistry. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare histologically biomaterials of bovine (Genox®) and equine (Bio-Gen®) origin associated or not to platelet-rich plasma (PRP), analyzing bone maturity, amount of mature (type I) and immature (type III) collagen present at sixty and ninety days in post-extraction alveolus. Materials and Methods: Four Beagle dogs were used from which the six mandibular premolars were extracted.  The alveolus contained respectively: right side, Bio-Gen ® (group B),  preserved the clot (group C), Genox ® (group G); left side, Bio-Gen ® + PRP group (BP), Clot + PRP (group CP) and Genox ® + PRP (group GP). After sixty and ninety days, two dogs were sacrificed at each date and the pieces were histologically processed and stained with picrosirius red, a specific stain for analysis of different types of collagen. Results: Comparisons of the averages of mature collagen at 60 days indicated significant differences between Group G when compared to Groups C and B. The biomaterial of bovine origin demonstrated higher amounts of mature collagen in 90 days while the biomaterial of equine origin had a higher average of immature collagen in 90 days. Conclusion: Groups associated to PRP were effective in the production of mature and immature collagen. Genox® associated with PRP demonstrated a more advanced stage of bone regeneration presenting as an alternative to fill post-extraction alveolus.
2nd Symposium of Lasers in Dentistry
Authors: Marques Marcia Martins , Marques José Luiz Lages , Gomes Anderson , Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo De Paiva , Oliveira Marcella Esteves
Published: October 2016

.
Congeries beyond Categories: Approaching the Complex Actuality of Art Practices in the Early Turkish Republic
Authors: Becker Martina
Published: October 2016

This article investigates the incoherence of art practices in the early Turkish Republic using the example of the variations present in Malik Aksel’s (1901–1987) work. The article starts from three conventional angles and then branches out along Aksel’s specific trajectories. It inquires into his relationship to a) the modernization processes in Ankara, b) the Art-Craft Department, the state institution at which he had been employed as an art teacher, and c) Europe, where he studied for four years in preparation for his position at the Art-Craft Department. The inquiry relies only on tangible traces of these relationships. In doing so, it recovers fragments of the complex actuality of creative practices, and identifies layers of what specifically the abstract notions of modernization, the institution and the state, as well as Westernization, actually covered in the case of this artist. These fragments also steer the investigation towards facets of Aksel’s work that the established notions do not encompass. With this approach this article seeks to supplement the prevailing reception-oriented studies on art in the early Turkish Republic and to contribute to the critical discussion of the methodological implications of art-historical research that expands the traditional disciplinary confines. The aim is to open avenues to recognize and account for art practices, or facets of them, that do not relate to the preserved, processed, and easily accessible art histories, thus aiming for an extended, more inclusive art historiography.
The effect of barefoot and barefoot inspired footwear running on tibiofemoral kinetics
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The current investigation aimed to examine the effects of running barefoot and in conventional and barefoot inspired
footwear on the loads borne by the tibiofemoral joint.

Methods

Fifteen male participants ran at 4.0 m/s over a force platform
whilst running barefoot, in barefoot inspired footwear and also in conventional footwear. Lower body kinematics were collected
using an eight-camera motion capture system. Peak tibiofemoral force, peak tibiofemoral stress, and tibiofemoral load rate were
extracted and compared between footwear via one-way repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

The results showed that the tibiofemoral
instantaneous load rate was significantly lower in conventional footwear (106.63 BW/s) in comparison with barefoot
running (173.87 BW/s), Vibram Five Fingers (160.17 BW/s), Merrell (155.32 BW/s), Inov-8 (167.79 BW/s), and Nike Free (144.72 BW/s).

Conclusions

This indicates that running barefoot and in barefoot inspired footwear may place runners at increased risk from
running-related tibiofemoral pathologies.
Maximum oxygen uptake and post-exercise recovery in professional road cyclists
Authors: Rutkowski Łukasz , Zatoń Marek , Michalik Kamil
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The aim was to investigate the relationship between aerobic fitness as ascribed by maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and
post-exercise recovery after incremental exercise to volitional exhaustion.

Methods

A sample of 17 professional cyclists (age
17.4 ± 3.1 years; VO2max 61.1 ± 7.2 ml/min/kg) were recruited. A graded exercise test was administered on a cycle ergometer.
Upon termination, the participants remained seated, and oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), and heart rate (HR) were
measured in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th minute of recovery.

Results

Post-exercise VO2 dynamics revealed a 69% and 80.9% reduction from
VO2max in the 1st and 5th minute, respectively. HR decreased only by 41% of HRmax, in the 5th minute of recovery. A positive correlation
between the differential rate of recovery for VO2 and VO2max indicated a dependency between aerobic fitness and recovery
potential. Correlative strength decreased with time, and by the 5th minute of recovery a significant correlation was evidenced
only between VO2 and VE.

Conclusions

As recovery potential is associated with the aerobic fitness level, training effects may be
monitored based on the recovery of VO2 and HR to pre-exercise values.
The ameliorating effect of Centella asiatica ethanolic extract on albino rats treated with isoniazid
Authors: Ghosh Kavisa , Indra N. , Jagadeesan G.
Published: October 2016

Background:

Isoniazid, also called isonicotinyl hydrazine (INH), is a commonly used drug for treating tuberculosis. The main drawback is its toxic side effects. Centella asiatica has long been used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine owing to its wide medicinal properties. This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of C. asiatica ethanolic leaf extract (CA) on INH-treated albino rats.

Methods:

The adverse effects induced by INH (50 mg/kg bw) administration on haematological parameters, oxidative status (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione), liver and kidney function markers, and their amelioration by various concentrations of CA (20, 40, 60, and 100 mg/kg bw) or silymarin (SIL) (50 mg/kg bw, administered before 1 h of INH treatment for 30 days to rats) were studied. Moreover, histological studies were carried out in liver and kidney tissues of rats treated with the most effective concentration to further support the possible effectiveness of CA on INH-intoxicated rats.

Results:

All the affected parameters returned to near-normal levels, and the effective concentration of extract was found to be 100 mg/kg bw. The histology of both the liver and the kidneys subsequently supported the effectiveness of CA (100 mg/kg bw).

Conclusions:

Altogether, the results suggest that CA at 100 mg/kg bw can substantially reduce the toxic effects of INH.
Why do People Attend Sport Events at Mature Tourist Destinations? An Analysis of Visitors’ Motivation to Attend the Windsurf World Cup on Sylt
Authors: Könecke Thomas , Kwiatkowski Grzegorz
Published: October 2016

Introduction. Sport events have become a popular tool for the marketing of tourist destinations. In this regard, it has to be kept in mind that the effects events can generate for destinations largely depend on the motivation of the attendees. Building on this insight, the aim of this paper is to compare the motivational structures of two types of visitors (primary purpose event visitors and casual visitors) to the German island of Sylt during a Windsurf World Cup. This event-destination combination was chosen because it represents the tendency for popular tourist resorts to use small-scale sport events in their marketing efforts. Material and methods. The research was conducted using an a priori segmentation of event attendees as casual visitors and primary purpose event visitors that is based on a well-established theoretical background. Results. The results revealed that both visitor groups were mainly motivated by cheering for the surfers and indulging in vicarious achievement. Furthermore, both showed some interest in learning more about the destination. Interestingly, many other motives that had been identified in (sport) tourism research did not seem to be very relevant for the respondents. Conclusion. Event marketers should heavily emphasise the opportunity to watch and closely relate to the surfers. Thus, including internationally popular athletes - if they are also popular in Germany - as well as local heroes in the event seems to be reasonable.
The quaternary arsenide oxides Ce9Au5–x
As8O6 and Pr9Au5–x
As8O6
Authors: Bartsch Timo , Hoffmann Rolf-Dieter , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: October 2016

The quaternary gold arsenide oxides Ce9Au5−x
As8O6 and Pr9Au5−x
As8O6 were synthesized from the rare earth elements (RE), rare earth oxides, arsenic and gold powder at maximum annealing temperatures of 1173 K. The structures were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: Pnnm, a=1321.64(6) pm, b=4073.0(3), c=423.96(2), wR2=0.0842, 3106 F
2 values, 160 variables for Ce9Au4.91(4)As8O6 and Pnnm, a=1315.01(4), b=4052.87(8), c=420.68(1) pm, wR2=0.0865, 5313 F
2 values, 160 variables for Pr9Au4.75(1)As8O6. They represent a new structure type and show a further extension of pnictide oxide crystal chemistry. A complex polyanionic gold arsenide network [Au5As8]15− (with some disorder in the gold substructure) is charge compensated with polycationic strands of condensed edge-sharing O@RE
4/4 and O@RE
4/3 tetrahedra ([RE
4O3]2
12+) as well as RE
3+ cations in cavities.
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Eapen Danny J. , Schultz William M. , Heinl Robert E. , Ghasemzadeh Nima , Varghese Tina , Kurian Diana E. , Mathai Christina E. , Sandesara Pratik , Kindya Bryan R. , Allard-Ratick Marc P. , Bhatia Neal K. , Isiadinso Ijeoma , Sperling Laurence
Published: October 2016

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. This article focuses on current guidelines for the primary prevention of CVD and addresses management of key risk factors. Dietary modification, weight loss, exercise, and tobacco use cessation are specific areas where focused efforts can successfully reduce CVD risk on both an individual and a societal level. Specific areas requiring management include dyslipidemia, hypertension, physical activity, diabetes, aspirin use, and alcohol intake. These preventive efforts have major public health implications. As the global population continues to grow, health care expenditures will also rise, with the potential to eventually overwhelm the health care system. Therefore it is imperative to apply our collective efforts on CVD prevention to improve the cardiovascular health of individuals, communities, and nations.
Novel SCC mutation in a patient of Mexican descent with sex reversal, salt-losing crisis and adrenal failure
Authors: Kaur Jasmeet , Rice Alan M , O’Connor Elizabeth , Piya Anil , Buckler Bradley , Bose Himangshu S
Published: October 2016

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is caused by mutations in cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1 and old name, SCC). Errors in cholesterol side chain cleavage by the mitochondrial resident CYP11A1 results in an inadequate amount of pregnenolone production. This study was performed to evaluate the cause of salt-losing crisis and possible adrenal failure in a pediatric patient whose mother had a history of two previous stillbirths and loss of another baby within a week of birth. CAH can appear in any population in any region of the world. The study was conducted at Memorial University Medical Center and Mercer University School of Medicine. The patient was admitted to Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic due to salt-losing crisis and possible adrenal failure. The patient had CAH, an autosomal recessive disease, due to a novel mutation in exon 5 of the CYP11A1 gene, which generated a truncated protein of 286 amino acids compared with wild-type protein that has 521 amino acids (W286X). Although unrelated, both parents are carriers. Mitochondrial protein import analysis of the mutant CYP11A1 in steroidogenic MA-10 cells showed that the protein is imported in a similar fashion as observed for the wild-type protein and was cleaved to a shorter fragment. However, mutant’s activity was 10% of that obtained for the wild-type protein in non-steroidogenic COS-1 cells. In a patient of Mexican descent, a homozygous CYP11A1 mutation caused CAH, suggesting that this disease is not geographically restricted even in a homogeneous population.

Learning points:

Novel mutation in CYP11A1 causes CAH;

This is a pure population from Central Mexico;

Novel mutation created early truncated protein.
Acute cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with hyperthyroidism: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Dekkers Olaf M , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet , Cannegieter Suzanne C , Vandenbroucke Jan P , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Jørgensen Jens Otto L
Published: October 2016

Objective

Several studies have shown an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hyperthyroidism, but most studies have been too small to address the effect of hyperthyroidism on individual cardiovascular endpoints. Our main aim was to assess the association among hyperthyroidism, acute cardiovascular events and mortality.

Design

It is a nationwide population-based cohort study. Data were obtained from the Danish Civil Registration System and the Danish National Patient Registry, which covers all Danish hospitals. We compared the rate of all-cause mortality as well as venous thromboembolism (VTE), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic and non-ischemic stroke, arterial embolism, atrial fibrillation (AF) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the two cohorts. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated.

Results

The study included 85 856 hyperthyroid patients and 847 057 matched population-based controls. Mean follow-up time was 9.2 years. The HR for mortality was highest in the first 3 months after diagnosis of hyperthyroidism: 4.62, 95% CI: 4.40–4.85, and remained elevated during long-term follow-up (>3 years) (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.33–1.37). The risk for all examined cardiovascular events was increased, with the highest risk in the first 3 months after hyperthyroidism diagnosis. The 3-month post-diagnosis risk was highest for atrial fibrillation (HR: 7.32, 95% CI: 6.58–8.14) and arterial embolism (HR: 6.08, 95% CI: 4.30–8.61), but the risks of VTE, AMI, ischemic and non-ischemic stroke and PCI were increased also 2- to 3-fold.

Conclusions

We found an increased risk for all-cause mortality and acute cardiovascular events in patients with hyperthyroidism.
Inflation Rate Modelling in Indonesia
Authors: Caraka Rezzy Eko , Sugiyarto Wawan
Published: October 2016

The purposes of this research were to analyse: (i) Modelling the inflation rate in Indonesia with parametric regression. (ii) Modelling the inflation rate in Indonesia using non-parametric regression spline multivariable (iii) Determining the best model the inflation rate in Indonesia (iv) Explaining the relationship inflation model parametric and non-parametric regression spline multivariable. Based on the analysis using the two methods mentioned the coefficient of determination (R2) in parametric regression of 65.1% while non-parametric amounted to 99.39%. To begin with, the factor of money supply or money stock, crude oil prices and the rupiah exchange rate against the dollar is significant on the rate of inflation. The stability of inflation is essential to support sustainable economic development and improve people's welfare. In conclusion, unstable inflation will complicate business planning business activities, both in production and investment activities as well as in the pricing of goods and services produced.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v15i2.3260
El CRIT: el renacer Pijao
Authors: Roldán Zarazo Daniel Santiago
Published: October 2016

El artículo reconstruye el periodo histórico previo a la creación del Consejo Regional Indígena del Tolima (CRIT), organización que agrupa una gran variedad de cabildos y colectivos principalmente del Sur del Tolima. Así, desde el marco de coyunturas y estructuras se desarrolla un análisis documental y de prensa que evidencian los imaginarios, disputas y enfrentamientos de los indígenas en la región. El periodo se divide en cuatro momentos: (1) las condiciones estructurales, políticas y económicas que atravesaba el país y los indígenas en la época; posteriormente (2), se concentra en quienes le conformaban, sus posibilidades y restricciones de movilización; en tercera medida (3) se exponen los debates, marcos de acción, estructuras de movilización y las conclusiones llegadas en los encuentros del movimiento; por último (4) se recogen los elementos generales que arroja el periodo estudiado junto con elementos de discusión y aportes a la teoría e historia política.
Post-extractivismo: entre el discurso y la praxis. Algunas reflexiones gruesas para la acción
Authors: Acosta Alberto
Published: October 2016

El pensamiento dominante nos hace aceptar como imposible una economía sin crecimiento que no aprovecha masivamente los recursos naturales. Se repite que, para lograr el progreso, la única vía es el crecimiento económico, el cual exige a un grupo de países extraer cada vez mayores volúmenes de recursos naturales para sostener la creciente demanda de otros países. Al mismo tiempo, ese esfuerzo, apalancado en un creciente extractivismo, aseguraría los ingresos para que el sur global –clásico proveedor de tales productos– supere su “subdesarrollo”. Sin embargo, como se analiza en este artículo, preparado a partir de reflexiones e investigaciones académicas del autor y desde su directa experiencia en diversas funciones en el mundo de las actividades extractivistas, la realidad nos exige superar esas visiones no solo por razones ecológicas y sociales, sino inclusive económicas. Por eso, en este texto se abordan las principales limitaciones (patologías) de los extractivismos. Luego se proponen algunos elementos que sirven para pensar en alternativas alrededor de dos tendencias que comienzan a cobrar creciente fuerza en el debate internacional: decrecimiento y post-extractivismo, buscando, simultáneamente, nuevos horizontes civilizatorios, como el Buen Vivir.
Análisis del estudio de las relaciones causales en el marketing
Authors: Salgado Beltrán Lizbeth , Espejel Blanco Joel Enrique
Published: October 2016

En la actualidad, la medición de la relación causa-efecto de una situación intangible como la satisfacción del cliente ha estado tomando relevancia. Para ello, se manejan dos técnicas estadísticas: (1) modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (structural equation model—SEM, por sus siglas en inglés—) con matriz de covarianzas y (2) la técnica de mínimos cuadrados parciales (partial least squares —PLS, por sus siglas en inglés—), que determina, como técnica multivariante, la relación entre variables observables y latentes, con la finalidad de comprobar una serie de asociaciones planteadas. En esta línea, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo exponer de forma interpretativa cada una de las técnicas (SEM y PLS), por medio de un caso de estudio. Como resultado, una de las diferencias entre métodos es el procedimiento de estimación, ya que en SEM está orientado hacia la teoría, enfatizando la transición del análisis exploratorio al confirmatorio, y en PLS se orienta al análisis causal-predictivo en situaciones de alta complejidad, pero con poca información teórica. Ambos persiguen objetivos diferentes y no debieran ser excluyentes sino complementarios, lo que dependerá de los intereses que tenga el investigador y los objetivos del estudio para la aplicación de un procedimiento o de otro.
ASPEKBIOLOGI IKANKURISI (Nemipterus japonicus) DI PERAIRANTELUKBANTEN
Authors: Oktaviyani Selvi , Boer Mennofatria , Yonvitner Yonvitner
Published: October 2016

Ikan kurisi (Nemipterus japonicus) merupakan salah satu sumber daya ikan ekonomis penting di Perairan Teluk Banten dan banyak didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Karangantu, Banten. Intensitas penangkapan yang tinggi akan menyebabkan tangkap lebih (overfishing), sehingga mengancam kelestarian ikan kurisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa aspek biologi ikan kurisi di Perairan Teluk Banten, seperti struktur ukuran panjang, rasio kelamin, hubungan panjang berat, tingkat kematangan gonad, ukuran panjang rata-rata tertangkap (Lc) dan ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm). Informasi yang diperoleh dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam kegiatan pengelolaan perikanan. Lokasi pengambilan contoh dilakukan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Karangantu, Banten dari bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran panjang total ikan kurisi berkisar antara 98 dan 211 mm. Perbandingan kelamin jantan dan betina dalam keadaan seimbang dan memiliki pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif yang menunjukkan pertumbuhan panjang lebih cepat dibandingkan pertumbuhan beratnya. Lebih dari 50% ikan-ikan yang diamati baik jantan maupun betina selama bulan pengamatan belum matang gonad (immature).  Ukuran pertama kali matang gonad adalah 196 mm sedangkan ukuran panjang rata-rata tertangkap adalah 146 mm. Banyaknya ikan yang tertangkap dalam ukuran kecil (kurang dari panjang pertama kali matang gonad) akan mengganggu kelestarian ikan kurisi.

Japanese threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus) is one of the most important economical fish resources in the Gulf of Banten and many landed at Archipelago Fishing Port (PPN) of Karangantu. High intensity of fishing activity can cause an overfihing, and threat sustainability of japanese threadfin bream. The research was aimed to determine some biological aspects of japanese threadfin bream in the Gulf of Banten, such as structure of the length, sex ratio, length-weight relationship, gonad maturity stage, the average length of captured (Lc) and the length of first maturity (Lm). It is believed that the collected information can be taken into consideration in the fisheries management activities. The sample was collected at PPN Karangantu, Banten from May to August 2012. The result showed that the length of this fish ranged between 98 and 211 mm. Ratio of male and female is balance and have negative allometric growth pattern show that the length of growth is more faster than the weight of growth. More than 50% of fish sample both males and females were immature gonads. During observation, length of  first maturity was 196 mm and the average length of captured was 146 mm. Many fishes caught was smaller than Lm, It will interfere the sustainability of japanese threadfin bream.
Jeff Wall, Pintor de la Vida Posmoderna
Authors: París Romia Gemma
Published: October 2016

A través de la obra de Jeff Wall (Vancouver, 1946), veremos las ricas relaciones que el artista canadiense establece entre el medio fotográfico y otras formas artísticas, como son la pintura, el teatro y el cine. Aunque las imágenes de Wall son fotografías, están construidas a partir de complejas relaciones con la tradición pictórica occidental, la gestualidad del acto teatral y la construcción de la narración cinematográfica. Estasrelaciones con los distintos lenguajes del arte crean unas imágenes misteriosas que nos hablan de nuestra sociedad contemporánea, creando un espacio a medio caminoentre realidad y ficción.
Rafael Núñez Ramos la poesía
Authors: Marcos Casquero Manuel Antonio
Published: October 2016
Hyper-individualized recruitment: Rural-urban labour migration and precarious construction work in Bangladesh
Authors: Reza Selim
Published: October 2016

Indirect recruitment through individual recruiters triggers specific areas of precarious employment in the construction sector of Bangladesh. This paper critically examines the navigating role of individual recruiters in determining precarious work conditions for the rural-urban migrant labourers. It unpacks the inter-connections between recruitment practices, rural-urban labour migration and precarious employment in the construction sector of Bangladesh. Taking the case study of migrant construction labourers in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, it draws on surveys and in-depth interviews to examine specific conditions of individualized recruitment practices and employment relations that contribute to various pressures and insecurities amongst migrant construction labourers. Examining labour recruitment through the lens of precarious work, this paper argues that neoliberal practices have led to indirect recruitment practices where the pronounced existence of individual recruiters as the key actors underpins  the precariousness of construction labour in Bangladesh.
Return Migrant Entrepreneurship and the Migration and Development Agenda: A Focus on Filipino and Indonesian Migrant Workers
Authors: Spitzer Denise L
Published: October 2016

Major global economic institutions herald migration as key to poverty alleviation in the Global South as migrant workers are believed to be able to leverage financial and social remittances to create wealth in their homelands, and within diasporic communities, through entrepreneurial activities.  Drawing from qualitative studies undertaken in the Philippines, Indonesia and Hong Kong, I explore how Filipino and Indonesian migrant workers are encouraged to assume both the mantle of entrepreneurship and ultimately the responsibility for any subsequent failures of these enterprises.  I suggest that researchers have a role to play in laying bare the evidence for, and offering alternatives to, migrant entrepreneurship as a solution to global socioeconomic inequalities.
Forced Migrant Youth’s Identity Development and Agency in Resettlement Decision-Making: Liminal Life on the Myanmar-Thailand Border
Authors: Ball Jessica , Moselle Sarah
Published: October 2016

Migration and refugee studies have elaborated upon themes of voice, subjectivity, and agency of mobile adults while comparatively neglecting forced migrant children and youth. Decades of armed conflict and economic collapse in Myanmar resulted in millions of forced migrants living in neighboring Thailand, China, and Malaysia. This article focuses on the experiences of forced migrant youth aged 12 to 17 from Myanmar who have grown up as temporary residents along the northwest border of Thailand. They are often stateless and disconnected from their families, communities, and cultures of origin and excluded from the formal economy and institutional affiliations, living in a liminal state on the edge of society. This article sets out a rationale for prospective research exploring how forced migrant youth may be both vulnerable and resilient, both victims and agents, and carriers of both their cultures of origin and globalized identities shaped by displacement. Exploring the issues raised in this article can challenge foundational theories of child development regarding normative development and necessary conditions for thriving, which underpin international law and settlement practices. This paper provides a contextual overview and charts a program of research with the intention to better understand the capacity of youth on the move and contribute meaningfully to decision-making about their repatriation or resettlement.
RE(LEITURAS): NOVOS CAMINHOS PARA A POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Leite Sandra Fernandes , De Lima Mesquita Tayná Victória , De Souza Mafra Andressa Luiza
Published: October 2016

RE(LECTURAS): NUEVAS ORIENTACIONES PARA LA POLÍTICA EDUCATIVA

RE-REDINGS: NEW DIRECTIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL POLICIES

 

Este trabalho tem como objetivo resenhar  o livro "Estudos Epistemológicos no campo da pesquisa em política educacional", organizado por César Tello e Maria de Lourdes Pinto de Almeida. O livro, lançado em 2013, é resultado de uma compilação de artigos que propõem um debate onto-epistemológico em relação à pesquisa e ensino em Políticas Educacionais. A atualidade e relevância da obra para reflexão metodológica e epistemológica e de fortalecimento do campo de estudo das políticas educacionais, justifica a escolha do livro como objeto de resenha.

 

 
Prefeitos eleitos pelos brasileiros desde os anos 2000: uma análise do perfil do representante do Executivo municipal
Authors: Custódio Luciana Silva
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo faz um apanhado do perfil dos prefeitos eleitos nos mais de 5.000 brasileiros nos quatro pleitos municipais a partir dos anos 2000. Para tanto, constructos relacionados aos municípios e às suas peculiaridades como entes sócio-político-econômicos são trabalhados. Esta pesquisa tem a função primordial de ir além dos parâmetros teóricos; apresenta uma análise dos dados obtidos, traz questões que extrapolam ao que se pode apreender nos dados para ampliar a possibilidade de análise e a discussão acerca da temática em pauta. Um apanhado histórico e reflexivo da construção do município como ente federado é delineado, bem como suas implicações para a ação do poder executivo local. Foram igualmente estabelecidos os parâmetros e as características das eleições brasileiras. O percurso metodológico teve início com levantamento bibliográfico e documental para a coleta dos dados – direcionada principalmente para as publicações disponíveis em sites de órgãos responsáveis por informações relacionadas aos resultados dos pleitos municipais. O lapso temporal analisado compreendeu o período histórico entre os anos de 2000 e 2012 – ano da última eleição municipal no Brasil. O artigo constitui um recorte da pesquisa  da autora – Estudo das possíveis relações entre o perfil dos prefeitos dos municípios pertencentes às regiões metropolitanas das capitais dos estados que compõem as cinco regiões brasileiras e ações relacionadas ao incremento educacional dos servidores municipais no período entre 2000 e 2012 – realizada com apoio da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (Fapemig), BIPDT (Bolsa de Incentivo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico) – edital 03/2015, Fundação João Pinheiro (FJP) e Secretaria de Estado de Planejamento e Gestão de Minas Gerais (Seplag). Alguns resultados apontam a preferência do eleitor por prefeitos pertencentes ao sexo masculino, com nível superior de escolaridade. As ocupações profissionais antes da investidura no cargo eletivo (128 categorias estudadas) demonstrou grande contingente de médicos, comerciantes, empresários, agricultores, engenheiros, pecuaristas, professores de nível fundamental e médio, servidores públicos estaduais e municipais, entre outros. O número daqueles que se declararam já pertencerem a grupos que exercem funções eletivas de prefeitos e vereadores não foi, em termos relativos, superior aos demais grupos destacados. Infere-se que a renovação dos ocupantes dos cargos de prefeito municipal em todo o país é expressiva.