bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La relación filosófica entre Husserl y Avenarius en Problemas fundamentales de la fenomenología
Authors: Perkins Patricio Agustín 
Published: November 2016

Investigo la relación filosófica entre Avenarius y Husserl en los años del curso Problemas fundamentales de la fenomenología en relación especial con el concepto natural de mundo. Primero, expongo brevemente los temas fenomenológicos fundamentales: el concepto natural de mundo, la reducción fenomenológica y la unidad del yo. En segundo lugar, sintetizo las ideas básicas de la obra Der menschliche Weltbegriff (El concepto humano de mundo) de Avenarius. En tercer lugar, discuto la coincidencia entre Avenarius y Husserl, poniendo énfasis en la reducción primordial, y planteo las críticas de Husserl a Avenarius, destacando la postura unívoca de Avenarius en contraste con la postura fenomenológica de Husserl.
Un estudio sobre la premisa mayor del silogismo cosmológico kantiano
Authors: Herszenbaun Miguel Alejandro
Published: November 2016

La relación entre máxima lógica y principio sintético de la razón pura (A 307–308/B 364–365) ocupa un lugar fundamental en la “Dialéctica trascendental”. Esto se nota en la formulación de los problemas que la Dialéctica se propone abordar, pues hace una referencia explícita al pasaje de la máxima al principio mencionado (A 308–309/B 365–366); sin embargo, Kant no explica cómo se haría tal pasaje. Aquí se propone una explicación de dicho pasaje a través de un estudio pormenorizado de la premisa mayor del silogismo cosmológico, donde éste ocupa un lugar fundamental. Se sostendrá que tal pasaje sólo es comprensible suponiendo una máxima lógica restringida que permita deducir legítimamente, para el caso de la lógica general, lo incondicionado dado a partir de lo condicionado dado. El principio trascendente será una pretendida extensión de esta máxima a las cosas en sí.
Pobres diablos: José Gaos, John Dewey y la metafísica made in USA
Authors: Del Castillo Santos Ramón
Published: November 2016

Mi propósito en este trabajo es reconsiderar una de las lecturasmás relevantes y provocativas que se han hecho sobre John Dewey en el mundo de habla hispana. En la primera parte reconstruyo las circunstancias que rodearon la difusión, interpretación y traducción de las obras de Dewey en el México de mediados de los años 1940, y en concreto las razones que llevaron a que la visión sociológica que José Medina Echavarría quiso dar de Dewey fuera finalmente desplazada por la filosófica de José Gaos. En la segunda parte analizo la traducción y lectura que Gaos hizo de Experience and Nature de Dewey, teniendo muy presente sus comparaciones con Sein und Zeit de Heidegger (una obra que tradujo en la misma época). Finalmente, propongo algunas críticas a la visión que Gaos transmite de Dewey como un pensador carente de un tipo de “soberbia diabólica” propia de la verdadera gran filosofía.
El papel de la imaginación en La memoria, la historia, el olvido de Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Lythgoe Esteban
Published: November 2016

Varios intérpretes han reconocido la importancia de la imaginación productiva en la obra de Ricoeur, aunque la mayoría de ellos ha abocado sus investigaciones a las obras del filósofo francés de las décadas de los setenta y ochenta. En lo que sigue quisiera sostener que la imaginación también tiene un papel central en La memoria, la historia, el olvido. Mi hipótesis es que esta facultad articula los distintos momentos de esta obra, fundamentalmente los relacionados con la fenomenología de la memoria y la epistemología de la historia. Asimismo quisiera relativizar parcialmente la tesis de que a partir de Tiempo y narración Ricoeur enfatiza el carácter sintético de la imaginación, mostrando que en la obra que abordaré hay una fuerte presencia de la función libre.
Un evidencialismo antiindividualista
Authors: Laera Rodrigo
Published: November 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una alternativa antiindividualista para el evidencialismo. Dicha alternativa sostiene que los estados doxásticos se constituyen en evidencias a partir de la aceptación de la comunidad epistémica en la que se presentan. En primer lugar, se explica qué problemas surgen cuando se intenta vincular al fiabilismo con la convicción propia de la evidencia. En segundo lugar, se sugiere que tales problemas pueden solucionarse si el evidencialismo incluye la idea de que los estándares de evaluación de la comunidad epistémica determinan lo que puede ser una evidencia. Por último, se intenta tanto resaltar las virtudes como fijar el alcance del evidencialismo antiindividualista.
Pobres diablos: José Gaos, John Dewey y la metafísica made in USA(segunda parte)
Authors: Del Castillo Santos Ramón
Published: November 2016

Mi propósito en este trabajo es reconsiderar una de las lecturasmás relevantes y provocativas de John Dewey que se han hecho en el mundo de habla hispana. En la primera parte reconstruí las circunstancias que rodearon la difusión, interpretación y traducción de las obras de Dewey en el México de mediados de los años cuarenta, y en concreto las razones que llevaron a que la visión sociológica que Medina Echavarría quiso dar de Dewey fuera finalmente desplazada por la filosófica de José Gaos. En esta segunda parte analizo la traducción y lectura que Gaos hizo de Experience and Nature de Dewey, teniendo muy presente sus comparaciones con Sein und Zeit de Heidegger (una obra que tradujo en la misma época). Finalmente, propongo algunas críticas de la visión que Gaos transmite de Dewey como un pensador carente de un tipo de “soberbia diabólica” propia de la verdadera gran filosofía.
La crítica aristotélica a la teoría platónica de las Ideas
Authors: González Varela José Edgar 
Published: November 2016

En este trabajo realizo un examen crítico del reciente libro de Silvana Gabriela Di Camillo (2012) sobre la crítica de Aristóteles a la teoría platónica de las Ideas. El libro de Di Camillo es un trabajo muy serio cuya lectura recomiendo ampliamente. Sin embargo, considero que cuatro de las principales tesis que la autora defiende tienen varias dificultades y mi objetivo aquí es presentar argumentos detallados en contra de ellas: (1) la interpretación de la distinción entre argumentos más y menos rigurosos del tratado Sobre las Ideas; (2) la tesis de que la separación es el blanco esencial de las críticas aristotélicas a las Ideas; (3) la interpretación de las opciones que Platón tiene para responder al argumento del tercer hombre; y (4) la tesis de que la separación de las Ideas debe entenderse como homonimia.
Discurso falso y literatura en Platón. Una discusión a partir de R. II 376d–379a
Authors: Delgado Carolina
Published: November 2016

Este trabajo intenta dilucidar el significado de la afirmación polémica de Platón relativa a la índole peculiar de los relatos literarios que, aunque falsos, encierran también algunas verdades (R. II 377a6), pues resulta problemático que Platón, al mismo tiempo, critique esos relatos y, sin embargo, proponga también hacer uso de otros igualmente falsos. Examino tres posibilidades de desambiguar el sentido de pseûdosen estos contextos —“falso” designaría ficción o mentira verbal o el carácter de uno de los dos niveles (fáctico o normativo) que constituiría un relato literario— y defiendo que la falsedad rechazable para Platón es sólo la atinente al núcleo tipológico contenido en esos relatos.
Significados no intencionales: de la exclusión a la inclusión
Authors: Gil José María
Published: November 2016

La pragmática de tradición griceana es una corriente teórica importante en la filosofía del lenguaje y la lingüística. Gracias a ella se entienden de forma cabal aspectos fundamentales de la comunicación intencional. Sin embargo, esta tradición no se interesa especialmente en el estudio de la transmisión y el reconocimiento de significados no intencionales, por ejemplo de ciertos significados que se evocan en “actos fallidos”, juegos de palabras no buscados y errores del habla. Trataré de mostrar que el estudio de estos significados no intencionales es pertinente para una teoría general de la producción y la comprensión de enunciados. En este sentido, la lingüística neurocognitiva (Lamb 1999, 2004 y 2013) toma en cuenta estos significados no intencionales y, a partir de ellos, no sólo explica cómo se organiza y funciona el sistema lingüístico de un hablante o un oyente, sino que además resulta ser un complemento interesante de la pragmática.
Teorías de la interpretación en la hermenéutica y la filosofía analítica
Authors: Barceló Axel
Published: November 2016

En “Elementos esenciales de una hermenéutica analógica”, Mauricio Beuchot trata de ubicar su hermenéutica analógica como una posición intermedia entre lo que él llama el univocismo y la hermenéutica alegórica. En este comentario busco mostrar, tomando como punto de partida que los objetivos teóricos de la hermenéutica no se encuentran muy distantes de los de las teorías analíticas de la interpretación, que el debate sobre el papel de los elementos extralingüísticos en la interpretación es mucho más complejo de lo que el trilema de Beuchot sugiere.
La historia de la filosofía como tarea filosófica. Consideraciones a partir de Heidegger
Authors: GALZACORTA Iñigo
Published: November 2016

A partir de una discusión con algunas de las concepciones más extendidas acerca de qué significa trabajar con textos de la historia de la filosofía, este artículo explora el propósito y las estrategias fundamentales que guían a Heidegger en esa tarea. El propósito de esta discusión es mostrar que algunas de las premisas que subyacen a esas concepciones hegemónicas suelen dificultar la comprensión del proceder heideggeriano y que, en este sentido, la discusión directa entre Heidegger y dichas concepciones puede ayudar a precisar la singularidad y el significado de la confrontación del filósofo alemán con la historia de la filosofía. 

By discussing some of the most prevalent views about what read- ing texts from the history of philosophy means, this paper explores the aim and fundamental strategies that guide Heidegger in this task. Through this discussion I would like to defend that some of the premises underlying those hegemonic conceptions hinder an appropriate understanding of Heidegger’s interest in the history of philosophy and, therefore, that a direct discussion of Heidegger and those conceptions can help to precise the singularity and significance of the German philosopher’s task. 
José Revueltas: conocimiento estético y militancia comunista
Authors: PÉREZ DOMÍNGUEZ Josué Federico
Published: November 2016

En este ensayo se desarrollan los problemas principales de la teoría estética de José Revueltas. Siguiendo la trayectoria de su militancia comu- nista, se intenta mostrar cómo las teorizaciones sobre estética de Revueltas respondían tanto a los momentos de la lucha política nacional e internacio- nal del movimiento comunista como al papel que, según Revueltas, debía desempeñar el escritor, y el artista en general, en esa lucha. Se desarrollan conceptos como “contenido estético de la realidad” y “tendencia intrínseca de la novela”, y se destacan las críticas estéticas y políticas de Revueltas al dogmatismo y al realismo socialista. 

This paper elaborates on the main difficulties of José Revueltas’ aesthetic theory. Following the path of his communist militancy, it shows how Revueltas’ aesthetic theories responded both to the national and international political struggle of the communist movement, and to the role that Revueltas thought should be played by writers, and artists in general, in that conflict. Concepts such as “aesthetic content of reality” and “intrinsic tendency of the novel” are developed and Revueltas’ aesthetic and political criticisms of dogmatism and socialist realism are highlighted. 
Objeciones a la ética pluralista de Gómez Salazar
Authors: MUÑOZ OLIVEIRA Luis
Published: November 2016

En esta discusión sostengo que las buenas razones, si se interpretan como propone Mónica Gómez Salazar a partir de una discusión limitada por requisitos de pertenencia a un grupo, no son útiles para resolver los conflictos de un diálogo multicultural. 

In this article I claim that good reasons, construed as a discussion where access is limited by the requisite of group membership —as Mónica Gómez Salazar proposes—, are useless to solve problems in a multicultural dialogue. 
Alberto Constante, Imposibles de la filosofía frente a Heidegger
Authors: HURTADO Guillermo
Published: November 2016

Reseña de 

Alberto Constante, Imposibles de la filosofía frente a Heidegger, Ediciones Paraíso, México, 2014, 196 pp. 
Kajian Spiritualitas di Tempat Kerja pada Konteks Organisasi Bisnis
Authors: Yogatama Leo Agung Manggala , Widyarini Nilam
Published: November 2016

Spiritualitas di tempat kerja merupakan topik baru dalam psikologi keorganisa-sian. Spiritualitas di tempat kerja berkaitan dengan konstruk yang menunjukkan peningkatan kualitas kinerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan faktor-faktor yang membentuk iklim spiritual dalam konteks organisasi di Indonesia. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 417 karyawan sebuah perusahaan media. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis faktor eksploratori. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ada dua faktor yang membentuk iklim spiritual di tempat kerja, yaitu Visi dan Misi yang membuat seseorang termotivasi dan merasakan tujuan di tempat kerja, dan faktor kedua adalah Kepedulian mendalam akan kehidupan karyawan. Penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai panduan praktis untuk membangun iklim kerja yang sehat pada organisasi.

Kata kunci: analisis faktor eksplorasi, spiritualitas, spiritualitas di tempat kerja
Menyusun Model yang Efisien dan Efektif dari Dimensi-Dimensi School Wellbeing untuk Memprediksi Prestasi Belajar Matematika
Authors: Alsa Asmadi , Haq Aniq Hudiyah Bil , Siregar Asmaul Jannah , Kusumaningrum Fitri Ayu , Utami H. Dyah , Bachria Ratna Dewi
Published: November 2016

The study aimed to discover the combination of the variables of social relationships and means for self-fulfillment was effec¬tive for predicting students’ performance in mathematics. The subjects were 83 students of 11th grade of senior high school students in Yogyakarta. The variables were measured using the self-efficacy scale, teacher-student relationships scale, student attachment scale, parent support scale, school climate scale, and mathematics midterm exams. The data were analyzed using Stepwise regression analysis. The results indicated that out of the five independent variables, self-efficacy and teacher-student relationships were the most effective predictors. The contribution of both to mathematic performance amounted 13.3 percent, which was 6.3 percents higher if compared with self-efficacy only as single predictor. In addition, out of the five variables tested, it was the school climate did not have a significant effect on mathematic performance.

Keywords: self-efficacy, students-teacher relationships, student engagement, parental support, school climate, mathematic performance

Penelitian ini bertu¬juan untuk menemukan kombinasi variabel variabel dalam social relationships dan means for self-fulfillment, yang efektif memprediksi prestasi belajar matematika siswa kelas 11 SMA. Subjek penelitainnya adalah 83 siswa kelas 11 SMA Negeri ‘Y’ di Kota Yogyakarta. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah skala efikasi diri, skala hubungan guru-siswa, skala keterikatan siswa, skala dukungan orangtua, skala iklim sekolah, dan nilai UTS Matematika. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah satatistik analisis regresi metode Stepwise. Hasil penelitiannya adalah bahwa dari kelima variabel independen (prediktor), kombi¬nasi yang efektif untuk memprediksi prestasi matematika adalah variabel efikasi diri dan hubungan guru-siswa. Kontribusi keduanya terhadap prestasi matematika sebesar 13,3 persen, 6,3 persen lebih tinggi dibanding kalau hanya menggunakan variabel efikasi diri sebagai prediktor tunggal. Secara individual, dari kelima variabel independen yang diuji, hanya variabel independen iklim kelas yang korelasinya tidak signifikan dengan prestasi matematika.

Kata kunci: efikasi diri, hubungan guru-siswa, keterikatan siswa, dukungan orangtua, iklim sekolah, dan prestasi matematika
Penskalaan Thurstone pada Aitem Thyroid Dysfunction Questionnaire (TDQ) Berbasis Gejala Biopsikososial
Authors: Mutalazimah - , Azwar Saifuddin , Murti Bhisma
Published: November 2016

Thyroid function disorders can affect the biological, psychological and social conditions of the sufferer. This study aimed at developing a thyroid dysfunction questionnaire (TDQ) based on a biopsychosocial phenomenon, which is the impact of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The development of this instrument began with identification of the measurement objectives, domains and items. The procedures of Thurstone Scaling were done with analysis of content validity using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI), which were formulated by three experts of thyroid and endocrinology. Every item in the TDQ was determined through median analysis based on the valuation results done by 44 internists from hospitals and 44 doctors from Puskesmas (Public Health Center) with 11 categories of response (1-11). The results of CVR analysis ranged from 0.33 to 1.00 and the value of CVI was 78%. It showed that the experts had adequate rate of homogeneity to judge the relevance of the 33 items in TDQ. The median analysis showed that the 33 items of TDQ had scores ranging from 4 to 10. Thus, it was expected that the TDQ scores on this interval scale would facilitate observer to make an interpretation of the examination of thyroid function of the subjects.

Keywords: Thurstone scaling, thyroid dysfunction questionnaire, experts’ judgment, biopsychosocial
Dinamika Konsep Diri pada Remaja Perempuan Pembaca Teenlit
Authors: Rahmaningsih Novia Dwi , Martani Wisjnu
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to understand the dynamics of self-concept among teenage girls who read teenlit. The subjects of this study were three high school students who had actively read teenlit for at least two years. In addition, the data were obtained also from five informants who often interacted and could provide an overview about the subjects. This study used a qualitative method with phenomenological approach. Data were collected through in-depth interview on subjects and informants, observation during interview and use of teenlit as written document. The findings indicated that characters in teenlit influenced the girls’ self-concept through the mechanism of social comparison and modeling. By observing various characters found in the teenlits they read, they tended to pay attention to a teenlit’s characters that are superior to themselves. Therefore, such comparison led them to have negative self-concept. However, if they had made critical self-appraisal based on a motive of self-improvement while comparing themselves with the characters, they would have had positive self-concept. It can be concluded that a character that is considered better may become a model for the formation of an ideal self-concept. Through modeling, youth also form an actual self-concept of which is previously less aware.

Keywords: modeling, self-concept, social comparison, teenlit
Constructtion of Student Well-being Scale for 4-6th Graders
Authors: Kurniastuti Irine , Azwar Saifuddin
Published: November 2016

Student well-being pada anak usia Sekolah Dasar di Indonesia belum banyak dikaji, demikian pula usaha untuk mengembangkan indikator yang relevan untuk mengungkap well-being anak di sekolah belum banyak dilakukan. Di sisi lain, alat ukur untuk mengetahui well-being siswa sangat dibutuhkan seiring dengan meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap well-being siswa di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen pengukuran student well-being dalam konteks Sekolah Dasar (SD). Skala yang dikembangkan didasarkan pada tinjauan penelitian well-being pada anak yang dilakukan oleh Pollard dan Lee dan disesuaikan dengan konteks sekolah yang mengacu pada pendekatan kesejahteraan psikologis dari Ryff dan Keyes. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyusun tiga skala paralel. Setiap skala yang disusun ini diujikan kepada 200 responden, sehingga total responden adalah 600 siswa. Hasil analisis terhadap ketiga skala dijadikan dasar untuk menyusun satu skala kompilasi. Skala kompilasi ini kemudian diujikan kepada 215 responden. Hasil analisis terhadap skala kompilasi menunjukkan bahwa 39 aitem yang disusun mempunyai properti psikometris yang memuaskan jika ditilik dari koefisien reliabilitas, daya beda aitem, dan validitas isi, sedangkan secara struktural, struktur faktornya masih perlu diperbaiki.

Kata kunci: kesejahteraan psikologi, sekolah dasar, student well-being
Perilaku Asertif dan Kecenderungan Kenakalan Remaja Berdasarkan Pola Asuh dan Peran Media Massa
Authors: Sriyanto - , Abdulkarim Aim , Zainul Asmawi , Maryani Enok
Published: November 2016

Theoretically the adolescent psychological development is a transition period which is marked by changes in biological, psychological and social aspects. Empirically, the increasing trend of juvenile delinquency is caused by the inability of the early adolescents to be assertive so that their personality become weak and they can easily fall into negative things. This study aimed at determining the extent to which environment and mass media have the influence on assertive behaviour and juvenile delinquency trend in Junior High School in West Java Province. The respondents of this research were 458 students of Junior High Schools in West Java. Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Samples were chosen by using stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis employed Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with two-stages testing: measurement model and structural model, using Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS). The results of this study revealed that all hypothetical statements have significant effects. The findings showed that the increasing level of students’ assertive behaviour can decrease the tendency of juvenile delinquency in them.

Keywords: assertive behaviour, parenting, mass media, juvenile delinquency trend
Validasi Klinik Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) sebagai Instrumen Skrining Gangguan Tingkah Laku
Authors: Oktaviana Mistety , Wimbarti Supra
Published: November 2016

Conduct Disorder is one of the most common problems often found in children taken to Puskesmas. Based on SIKM (Mental Health Information System) from 2011 to May 2013, 46.3% of those taken to Puskesmas in Sleman and Yogyakarta were identified with behavioral and emotional disorder. Therefore, screening instrument is needed for early identifying conduct disorder in them. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been developed to meet the need. The SDQ is a 25-item questionnare about the positive and negative atributes of children and adolescents (4-16 years old). This study aimed to adapt the English version of SDQ-Teacher Reports (TR) into Indonesian version and to examine psychometrical properties and clinical validation of the Indonesian version for screening conduct disorder. The subjects were 161 Elementary students from Sleman and Yogyakarta, boys and girls of 7-13 years old of age. The reliability coeficient using Alpha Cronbach was α=0,773, and the construct validity using Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) showed that SDQ-TR had six structural factors. Clinical validation using Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) revealed that the value of sensitivity were 0.67 with spesificity 0.68 (for the optimum cut-off point ≥5), and using Likelihood Ratio (LR) showed LR (+) was 2.09 and LR (-) was 0.49.

Keywords: children, clinical validation, conduct disorder, SDQ-TR
KAJIAN PEMBUATAN BAHAN PELUNAK KARET BERBASIS HAYATI DARI MINYAK JARAK MELALUI REAKSI HIDROGENASI
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: November 2016

Bahan bantu olah digunakan secara luas oleh industri barang jadi karet. Salah satu kelompok bahan bantu olah adalah bahan pelunak (plasticizer). Saat ini, bahan pelunak utamanya disintesis dari bahan baku yang bersumber pada minyak bumi misalnya minyak parafinik. Minyak jarak berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bahan pelunak karet berbasis hayati menggantikan bahan pelunak sintetik. Dalam tulisan ini diuraikan potensi bahan pelunak karet berbasis hayati yang dibuat melalui reaksi hidrogenasi minyak jarak. Reaksi hidrogenasi minyak jarak dengan senyawa diimide akan mengadisi ikatan rangkap C=C dalam minyak tersebut. Senyawa diimid  dihasilkan melalui reaksi oksidasi hidrasin hidrat oleh hidrogen peroksida menggunakan katalis logam. Pada reaksi transfer hidrogenasi terbentuk hasil samping berupa gas N2 dan air. Air harus dipisahkan agar diperoleh minyak terhidrogenasi yang murni. Mutu minyak jarak terhidrogenasi yang tinggi diperoleh dari hasil reaksi transfer hidrogenasi yang optimal. Mutu minyak jarak terhidrogenasi diklasifikasikan terutama berdasarkan bilangan iod minyak tersebut. Minyak terhidrogenasi tipe I mempersyaratkan bilangan iod sebesar 0-5 sedangkan tipe II sebesar 55-80. Minyak jarak terhidrogenasi memiliki rantai molekul lurus yang menyerupai minyak parafinik sehingga cocok digunakan untuk jenis karet sintetik seperti EPDM dan IIR
Cover Warta Perkaretan
Authors: Warta Cover
Published: November 2016

Bagi yang membutuhkan cover, daftar isi, dll dari warta perkaretan dapat mengunduh file ini
MEKANISME ANTAGONISME Trichoderma spp. TERHADAP BEBERAPA PATOGEN TULAR TANAH
Authors: Berlian Intan , Setyawan Budi , Hadi Hananto
Published: November 2016

Karet memiliki peran sangat penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Beberapa kendala rendahnya produktivitas karet di Indonesia adalah kurangnya penerapan teknologi budidaya karet, gangguan cuaca, iklim dan hama penyakit. Penyakit jamur akar putih  yang disebabkan patogen Rigidoporus microporus merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman karet. Salah satu alternatif untuk pengendalian JAP adalah pemanfaatan jamur Trichoderma spp. Mekanisme pengendalian Trichoderma spp. terhadap jamur patogen tumbuhan yaitu dengan kompetisi terhadap tempat tumbuh dan nutrisi, antibiosis, dan parasitisme. Antibiosis mempunyai peran penting dalam proses pengendalian dan hampir selalu terkait dengan mekanisme lain yaitu kompetisi dan mikoparasitisme. Satu mekanisme penghambatan yang dimiliki Trichoderma spp. tidak dapat bekerja sendiri untuk menghasilkan penghambatan yang signifikan. Konsep pengendalian penyakit dengan agen hayati akan berhasil jika terdapat keseimbangan antara faktor suhu, pH, dan kelembaban yang optimum. Mekanisme antagonisme yang dimiliki oleh Trichoderma spp. berpotensi besar sebagai pengendali patogen tular tanah Rigidoporus microporus penyebab penyakit jamur akar putih.
Cover Warta Perkaretan
Authors: Perkaretan Cover Warta
Published: November 2016

Volume 34, No 1, 2015
IDENTIFIKASI SIFAT KIMIA ABU VULKANIK DAN UPAYA PEMULIHAN TANAMAN KARET TERDAMPAK LETUSAN GUNUNG KELUD (STUDI KASUS: KEBUN NGRANGKAH PAWON, JAWA TIMUR)
Authors: Achmad Saiful Rodhian , Hadi Hananto
Published: November 2016

Indonesia merupakan daerah yang dikelilingi oleh pegunungan berapi paling aktif di dunia, yang tersebar di berbagai pulau. Pada awal tahun 2014 yang lalu, Gunung Kelud di Kediri, Jawa Timur meletus sehingga menimbulkan kerusakan di sekitarnya, termasuk perkebunan Ngrangkah Pawon. Meskipun demikian, dalam jangka panjang material vulkanik sangat bermanfaat untuk perkebunan karena dapat menyuburkan tanah. Abu vulkanik merupakan mineral yang memiliki potensi sebagai pembenah tanah sekaligus berfungsi memperkaya tanah dan memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari dan September 2014. Penelitian bertujuan mengindentifikasi dampak letusan Gunung Kelud, terhadap sifat kimia abu vulkanik dan tanah kebun Ngrangkah Pawon sekaligus menganalisis dampaknya terhadap kerusakan tanaman karet serta tindakan pemulihannya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey dengan mengambil contoh abu dan tanah serta pengamatan kondisi tanaman. Hasil analisis tanah dan abu menunjukkan kesuburan tanah cukup baik dicirikan pH tanah dan abu vulkanik berkisar 5-6 dan tergolong agak masam. pH tersebut merupakan pH optimum bagi pertumbuhan tanaman karet. Kandungan hara tanah terutama unsur makro P, dan K tergolong tinggi hingga sangat tinggi, sedangkan hara makro sekunder Ca dan Mg tergolong sedang hingga rendah. Hasil pengamatan kondisi visual tanaman karet enam bulan setelah letusan Gunung Kelud menunjukkan pemulihan tanaman cukup baik. Tindakan yang dilakukan untuk pemulihan tanaman yaitu pembukaan lapisan pasir di sekitar batang, pemberian bahan organik, pemberian mulsa, dan aplikasi pupuk anorganik.       Kata kunci:
JENIS BAHAN PENGGUMPAL DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PARAMETER MUTU KARET SPESIFIKASI TEKNIS
Authors: Suwardin Didin
Published: November 2016

Koagulan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam pengolahan Bahan Olah Karet (bokar). Terkait dengan semakin ketatnya persyaratan konsumen terhadap spesifikasi mutu karet remah di masa mendatang, maka perbaikan mutu bokar harus mendapat perhatian yang lebih seksama. Upaya perbaikan mutu bokar mencakup penggalakkan penggunaan koagulan anjuran di tingkat petani. Aspek mengenai jenis koagulan yang dianjurkan dan pengaruhnya terhadap parameter mutu uji dalam SNI 1903:2011 merupakan fokus bahasan dalam tulisan ini. Landasan teori dan pengetahuan mengenai koagulan disajikan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dalam aplikasinya sesuai anjuran. Di samping itu akan diuraikan mengenai kondisi permasalahan koagulan serta upaya solusi yang diperlukan untuk perbaikan mutu bokar secara menyeluruh di masa mendatang. Penerapan analisis kimia kualitatif mengenai koagulan yang digunakan sebagai pelengkap pengujian secara visual dalam SNI 1903: 2011, juga disajikan agar memberikan kepastian mengenai hasil monitoring bagi petugas di lapangan.
Measuring the optimal macroeconomic uncertainty index for Turkey
Authors: Erdem Havvanur , Yamak Rahmi
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to calculate the optimal macroeconomic uncertainty
index for the Turkish economy. The data used in the study are quarterly and
cover the period 2002-2014. In this study the index is formed based on the
small structural macroeconomic model. The study uses three important
econometric processes. First, the model is estimated separately using
generalized method of moments (GMM), seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR),
and ordinary least squares (OLS). Secondly, the Broyden-Fletcher-
Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) algorithm is applied as an optimization algorithm. The
BFGS algorithm calibrates the model using GMM, SUR, and OLS parameter
estimations of the benchmark parameters. Next, the index variables are
weighted under the estimated optimal coefficients and, finally, are
aggregated to produce the optimal macroeconomic uncertainty index.
Skill-biased technological change: The case of the MENA region
Authors: Mnif Sirine
Published: November 2016

Our work treats the relationship between inequality and technological change.
Specifically, we focus on the transmission mechanisms by which technological
innovation affects inequality in access to employment. The objective of this
article is to determine the effect of the diffusion of innovation on the
demand for skilled and non-skilled labour. It focuses on the concept of
technological bias and the role of inequality between skilled and unskilled
workers. The empirical validation of this work is based on the technique of
the dynamic panel. An estimate using the method of Arellano and Bond seems
more relevant. There is a positive relationship between innovation and the
demand for skilled labour but a negative relationship with unskilled labour.
This result is confirmed in our sample of countries.
Role of priming technique in germination parameters of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) seeds
Authors: Karimi Mahnaz , Varyani Masomeh
Published: November 2016

Seed priming is known for its promoting effects on seed and seedling
properties under stress conditions such as salinity, temperature and drought
stresses. Poor plant stand establishment is a common problem for marigold
production. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect
of different seed priming techniques on calendula seed germination and
seedling enzyme activity. For this purpose, different seed priming
techniques: hydropriming (distilled water, 24 and 72 h), osmopriming (0.02%
or 0.04% KNO3 for 24 and 72 h) and hormonal priming (100 or 500 mg L-1 GA3
for 24 and 72 h) were assessed. Seeds without any treatment were considered
as control. Compared with control, 100 mg L-1 GA3 and distilled water for 72
h showed the highest promoting effects on germination percentage. The highest
vigor index (525.75) was related to hydropriming (for 24 h) treatment. Also,
the maximum root length was found with 0.02% KNO3 for 72 h. Catalase
significantly increased in the primed seeds. The highest CAT activity and
total soluble sugars were found in the seeds primed with 100 mg L-1 GA3 for
72 h. Moreover, the enzyme activity was significantly higher in the distilled
water and KNO3 treatments compared with the untreated seeds.
Isolation and characterization of bacteria and yeasts from contaminated soil
Authors: Karlicic Vera , Radic Danka , Jovicic-Petrovic Jelena , Lalevic Blazo , Jovanovic Ljubinko , Kikovic Dragan , Raicevic Vera
Published: November 2016

Plant growth promoting (PGP) bacteria and yeasts play an important role in
bioremediation processes. Thirty bacterial and ten yeast isolates were
obtained from PAH and PCB contaminated soil with an aim of determining the
presence of PGP mechanisms (production of ammonia, indoleacetic acid,
siderophores and solubilization of inorganic phosphate). As a result, three
bacterial (Serratia liquefaciens, Micrococcus sp. and Serratia sp.) and two
yeast isolates (Candida utilis and Candida tropicalis) were recognized as PGP
strains. Among them, Serratia sp. showed the highest indole production (25.5
?g/ml). Analyses of metal tolerance (Cu+2, Cr+6 and Ni+2) revealed that
Serratia liquefaciens, Micrococcus sp., Serratia sp. and Candida tropicalis
were capable to tolerate significant concentration of metals. As a result of
this study several bacterial and yeast strains were attributed as potential
plant growth promoters which can be applied in future remediation activities
and environmental quality improvements.
Retraction: Cluster and principle component analyses of maize accessions under normal and water stress condition, published in Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015, vol. 60, issue 1, pp. 33-48
Authors: Editorial E
Published: November 2016

We would like to inform you that the paper ?Cluster and principle component
analyses of maize accessions under normal and water stress condition? by
Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa, Jehanzeb Farooq, Ejaz-ul-Hasan, Tahira Bibi and
Tariq Mahmood, published in Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015, Volume
60, Issue 1 (pp. 33?48), has been retracted, that is, refuted and is no
longer in the archives of this journal.

 Link to the retracted article 10.2298/JAS1501033M
Effect of DECIDE (Decision-making Education for Choices In Diabetes Everyday) Program Delivery Modalities on Clinical and Behavioral Outcomes in Urban African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Fitzpatrick Stephanie L. , Golden Sherita Hill , Stewart Kerry , Sutherland June , DeGross Sharie , Brown Tina , Wang Nae-Yuh , Allen Jerilyn , Cooper Lisa A. , Hill-Briggs Felicia
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

To compare the effectiveness of three delivery modalities of Decision-making Education for Choices In Diabetes Everyday (DECIDE), a nine-module, literacy-adapted diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) education and problem-solving training, compared with an enhanced usual care (UC), on clinical and behavioral outcomes among urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Eligible participants (n = 182) had a suboptimal CVD risk factor profile (A1C, blood pressure, and/or lipids). Participants were randomized to DECIDE Self-Study (n = 46), DECIDE Individual (n = 45), DECIDE Group (n = 46), or Enhanced UC (n = 45). Intervention duration was 18–20 weeks. Outcomes were A1C, blood pressure, lipids, problem-solving, disease knowledge, and self-care activities, all measured at baseline, 1 week, and 6 months after completion of the intervention.

RESULTS

DECIDE modalities and Enhanced UC did not significantly differ in clinical outcomes at 6 months postintervention. In participants with A1C ≥7.5% (58 mmol/mol) at baseline, A1C declined in each DECIDE modality at 1 week postintervention (P < 0.05) and only in Self-Study at 6 months postintervention (b = −0.24, P < 0.05). There was significant reduction in systolic blood pressure in Self-Study (b = −4.04) and Group (b = −3.59) at 6 months postintervention. Self-Study, Individual, and Enhanced UC had significant declines in LDL and Self-Study had an increase in HDL (b = 1.76, P < 0.05) at 6 months postintervention. Self-Study and Individual had a higher increase in knowledge than Enhanced UC (P < 0.05), and all arms improved in problem-solving (P < 0.01) at 6 months postintervention.

CONCLUSIONS

DECIDE modalities showed benefits after intervention. Self-Study demonstrated robust improvements across clinical and behavioral outcomes, suggesting program suitability for broader dissemination to populations with similar educational and literacy levels.
Adaptation mechanisms of the knee extensors contractile properties in response to short-term stretch-shortening exercise training
Authors: Négyesi János , Váczi Márk , Magyar Olivér Mátyás , Pantovic Milan , Tihanyi József , Rácz Levente
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:

The effects of stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) training are well-described in the literature but the mechanism of how it changes the characteristics of the SSC moment-time curve and contraction velocity is unknown.

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the adaptation mechanisms of the knee extensor contractile properties in response to a short-term unilateral SSC exercise training.

METHODS:

Twenty-four subjects (22.9 ± 2.4 years) were randomised to an experimental or control group. A custom-built dynamometer was used to test the mechanical properties of the quadriceps muscle. Each subject participated in the pre-, and post-test session. Subjects in the experimental group participated in nine training sessions and performed maximal voluntary stretch-shortening cycle contractions on the dynamometer. Changes in the knee extensor contractile properties were measured from an SSC curve.

RESULTS:

Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed a significant multivariate effect for the measured variables in relation to group assignment. SSC exercise training significantly changed concentric moment(M_{CC}, F_{1,22} = 96.2, p = 0.000), and contraction velocity(F_{1,22} = 125.6, p = 0.000) resulting in a 29.6% improvement in concentric peak angular velocity (ω). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that ω was significantly predicted only by M_{CC}(r = 0.751, p = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS:

Short-term unilateral SSC exercise training modifies the characteristics of the SSC moment-time curve and contraction velocity through the mechanical adaptation of the knee extensor contractile properties.
Expression of CCr5 on immune cells after eccentric or concentric isokinetic exercise
Authors: Peres A. , Lima D.D.D. , Dorneles G.P. , Teixeira B.C. , Vianna P. , Chies J.A.B. , Stocchero C.M.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the expression of C-C Chemokine receptor type 5 (CCr5) on monocytes and T cells in soccer players who were submitted to isokinetic concentric or eccentric exercise.

METHODS:

Fourteen male athletes from the U-20 soccer category of a first division Brazilian soccer team (ages 17.75 ± 1.21 years) were randomized into concentric exercise (CON, n = 7) or eccentric (ECC, n = 7) isokinetic exercise groups. The peripheral frequency of CD3+ CCR5 and CD14+ CCR5+ was evaluated before, immediately after, and 24 h after each exercise bout using flow cytometry.

RESULTS:

Progressive decreases were found in total CCr5 in ECC groups, with significant differences between baseline and 24 h after(p = 0.023). Both ECC and CON groups induced a significant decrease in CCr5 expression on the cell surface of CD14+ monocytes 24 h after bout(p < 0.05), with the ECC exercise associated with a more pronounced decrease(p < 0.05). In CD3+ T cells, CCr5 expression increased immediately after ECC but not in the CON exercise, returning to baseline values 24 h after(p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

CCr5 is highly sensitive to physical exercise and the modulation of its expression on cell surface may be related to migration of the cells to damaged tissue.
Exploring the effect of the O-(1-heptylnonyl) benzene sulfonate surfactant on the nature of the linear hydrocarbons/water interface by means of an atomistic molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Aray Yosslen , Parra José Gregorio , Jiménez Doris Marianela , Paredes Ricardo , Martiz Alejandro , Samaniego Samantha , Cornejo Mauricio , Ludena Eduardo V. , Paredes Cecilia
Published: November 2016

Using molecular dynamics simulations a systematic study of the binding energy per cross sectional area for the water/n-alkane (hexane, octane, decane, dodecane and tetradecane) interfaces was performed. The effect of the Sodium p-(1-heptylnonyl) benzene sulfonate surfactant, on the adhesion forces of the water/n-hydrocarbon (decane, undecane, dodecane, and tetradecane) interfaces was studied. Scanning of the binding energy per area against n-alkanes shows that the magnitude of this parameter for the surfactant tail-alkane interactions at the interface systematically increases with the chain length of the alkane, whereas it shows a maximum at undecane for the water-surfactant head interactions at the interface. This maximum of head adhesion forces thus agrees with the reported minimum value of the interfacial tension at undecane for the p-(1-heptylnonyl) benzene sulfonate, suggests that for the water/alkane interface it is this trend in surfactant head adhesion at the interface that defines that interfacial tension minimum value.
DFT calculations of iron-carbides using the FPLAPW method
Authors: José Luiggi A. Ney
Published: November 2016

Density functional theory calculations of the structural, energetic, electronic and magnetic properties of iron-carbides using the GGA approach are presented. Fe16C, η -Fe2C and Fe2C carbides with carbons occupying different octahedral site are studied. Software WIEN2K with PBE-96 exchange correlation functional was used. Bulk modulus by mean Birch-Murnaghan state equation was determined for each structure. Band structure, relief and contour maps of total and partial DOS was evaluated showing predominance of Fe 3d orbital for energies around the Fermi level. All the crystals have ferromagnetic ground state, and martensite and η-Fe2C are energetically most favored than other Fe2C carbides. The position change of octahedral C affects the energetic stability and the magnetization of Fe2C carbides.
Electronic properties of the intermetallic compound Ti2In5 using the density functional theory
Authors: Machado F Pábel J. , Luiggi A Ney
Published: November 2016

The identification of structurally stable phases in the In-Ti system is an open topic and currently there are four confirmed intermetallic phases: Ti3In, Ti3In2, Ti2In5 y Ti5In8. The most studied of this compounds is Ti3In, however, the properties of the others are not well known. For this reason, this work is a study of the electronic properties of the compound Ti2In5 using the density functional theory and the FP-LAPW method. The band structure shows the metallic character of the material, although for some directions in the k-space the electronic bands do not intercept the Fermi level. The density of states shows that in the vicinity of the Fermi level the greatest contribution comes from the d orbital of titanium, showing the importance of Ti in the metallic behavior of the material. The density contour plots shows a great contribution of indium atoms at the basal plane, while above this, but in lower quantity titanium atoms are also distributed. The Fermi surface of Ti2In5 is reported. The cohesive energy and the formation enthalpy were determined, showing an energetic condition that is more favorable than in the pure constituents alone.
Interpretation and correlation of acentric factors in terms of molecular energies
Authors: Machín Iván , Olivera-Fuentes Claudio
Published: November 2016

A model that relates acentric factors to molecular energies of very small ensembles is developed. Saturation properties are taken from the literature, and energies are calculated using tools of Computational Chemistry. For n-alkanes, the acentric factor is given directly as a linear function of the saturated liquid and vapor phase energies at the ``omega temperature'' defined as 70% of the critical temperature. For other fluids, a perturbation analysis suggests that acentric factor deviations from the behavior of n-alkanes depend on one additional characteristic parameter. Best results are obtained by defining this parameter in terms of the compressibility factors of the saturated phases at that same temperature. The final correlation reproduces the acentric factors of all fluids tested with coefficient of determination R2= 0.9857 and average absolute deviation AAD = 0.0112.
An application of molecular reconstruction for light petroleum cuts via entropy maximization
Authors: Pernalete César , Ruette Fernando , Peraza Alexander
Published: November 2016

A methodology for molecular reconstruction is developed by using the entropy maximization criterion derived from the Shannon information theory. The entropy maximization is subject to a set of constraints which describe physical properties of the sample: hydrocarbon families composition (PIONA), density at 25°C, molecular parameters derived from 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis, elemental composition (C,H) and equilibrium flash vaporization (EFV) curve derived from ASTM D86 distillation analysis. To include more realistic molecular interactions, the EFV curve was simulated in detail as a sequence of flash using Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EoS). The methodology was applied in hydrotreated and reformate naphta. For each case, the set of molecules was fixed and the Shannon function was maximized fitting the mole fraction for each compound. Results show that, with few compounds, the given methodology allows to find a molecular representation of a complex hydrocarbon mixture. It is possible to reproduce not only molecular parameters of the mixture but also properties for which molecular interactions play an important role as in EFV and TBP curve.
The performance of HF and DFT/B3LYP in the estimation of the radiative efficiencies of greenhouse gases
Authors: Davila Keyra L. , Seijas Luis E. , Almeida Rafael , Rincón Luis
Published: November 2016

In this work, we use electronic structure calculations, at the RHF and DFT/B3LYP level of theory, combined with Pinnock's cloudy sky instantaneous radiative transfer model, to predict radiative efficiency for the whole set of 63 greenhouse gases included in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, this set included chlorofluorocarbons, bromofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, hydrofluoroethers and hydrofluoropolyethers. In order to get better insights, the greenhouse gases included in the IPCC set are divided in four groups and two subsets, and the results of the statistical analysis for each of the groups are presented. We validate our predictive ability using the IPCC accepted values, and obtain an average 20% of the Mean Absolute Percentage Error at the B3LYP/6-31++G**, after an ad hoc uniform scaling of the theoretical vibrational frequencies is carried out.