bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forming 5th-11th-Grade Pupils’ Soft Skills during the Russian Language Competitions
Authors: Gromova Viktoriya Ivanovna
Published: December 2020

The paper summarizes experience of organizing competitions that promote formation of 5th-11th-grade pupils’ soft skills (XXI-century skills). The author identifies techniques to develop learners’ soft skills, such as creative and critical thinking, cooperativity and communication. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the researcher describes the process of forming XXI-century skills taking into account the potential of modern educational environment. The research findings are as follows: it is proved that schoolchildren’s participation in the Russian language competitions largely promotes formation of their soft skills.
Levels of Cadets’ Patriotic Values in Military Higher School Educational Process
Authors: Sukhanova Anastasiia Sergheevna
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to identify the basic levels of cadets' patriotic values. The author reveals the role of patriotic values in cadets' training, analyses the process of patriotic values formation, taking into account an assessment scale and a criteria scale. Scientific originality of the study involves developing an as-sessment scale to evaluate the level of cadets' patriotic values. The research findings are as follows: the author proves that patriotic values manifest themselves at three basic levels - core value, value and motiva-tional, value and creative.
Functional Components of Pragmatic Competence and Their Role in Development of Communication Skills of Higher Education Institutions Students in the Process of Teaching English
Authors: Polunina Liudmila Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The study aims to identify functional components of pragmatic competence, whose systematic realisation in the process of teaching English makes for effective improvement of communication skills of higher education institutions students. The work presents a relevant structure of pragmatic competence, determines its component composition and identifies functions of certain components. Scientific novelty of the work is substantiated by integration of investigative methods of cognitive linguistics, pragmalinguistics and sociolinguistics employed to provide a rationale for specificity of pragmatic competence development in the process of foreign language learning at a higher education institution. As a result, it was found that the level of pragmatic competence development correlates with the degree of cross-language interference overcoming and linguocultural gaps eliminating when choosing particular verbal and non-verbal means for reaching a communicative goal in the process of communication in English.
Police Officers’ Linguo-Communicative Training in the System of Additional Professional Education: Experience and Prospects
Authors: Lyskova Marina Invanovna
Published: December 2020

The paper justifies the necessity to improve police officers’ linguo-communicative training in the system of additional professional education. The author shows that linguo-communicative training is an essential component of police officers’ professional training. Scientific originality of the study involves justifying the necessity for a special course aimed to form police officers’ linguo-communicative competence. The research findings are as follows: relying on theoretical analysis and practical experience, the author substantiates importance of police officers’ linguo-communicative training that promotes development of their personal and social potential and ensures their full-fledged participation in professionally oriented interpersonal and intercultural communication.
Methods of Working with the Latin and French Paroemias at Foreign Language Department of Higher Education Institution
Authors: Murieva Meri Valerianovna , Kuliev Rachid Kerimovich
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to summarise experience of teaching Latin and modern foreign languages to junior students of the foreign language department of a higher education institution (the bachelor course level). The article deals with importance of learning, mastering and using the Latin and French paroemias by linguistic students. Scientific novelty of the research lies in taking a modern approach to parallel study of the Latin and French paroemias on the basis of step-by-step methods developed by the authors. The research findings have shown that it is advisable to study paroemias in lexical-thematic groups as a part of the step-by-step methods proposed by the authors for bachelor degree linguistic students of the first and second years of study.
Ultrassom terapêutico associado a óleos essenciais de copaíba e melaleuca na cicatrização de lesões de pele
Authors: Mororó Darrielle Gomes Alves , Brandão Maria Girlane Sousa Albuquerque , Ponte Vanessa Aguiar , Silva Alan Sidney Jacinto da , Batista Francisco Walyson da Silva , Veras Vivian Saraiva , Araújo Thiago Moura de
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia do ultrassom de baixa frequência associado ao gel de óleos de copaíba e melaleuca na cicatrização de lesões de pele. Método: estudo quase-experimental com pré e pós-testes em grupo único, realizado em hospital público no Ceará, Brasil, no período de março a setembro de 2017, com 14 participantes que receberam 10 sessões de tratamento. Resultados: houve redução média de mais de 20 cm2 da 1ª para 5ª aplicação. A redução no tamanho inicial para a 10ª sessão foi superior a 50%. Houve significância estatística (p=0,0043) entre a avaliação inicial e a 10ª avaliação da terapia, com redução média de 37 cm2. Houve redução na intensidade da dor relatada pelos participantes e 62,5% estavam livres da dor após aplicação da terapia. Conclusão: o uso do gel com óleo de copaíba e melaleuca aponta para uma alternativa de cobertura associada a bioestimuladores como o ultrassom. A composição do óleo em gel auxiliou na aplicação e na redução de maceração do bordo das feridas bem como o controle do exsudato da lesão.
Construction Features of the Transceiver Antenna-Waveguide Device of К/Ka-Band Communication Systems
Authors:   FSUE “Rostov-on-Don Research Institute of Radio Communications”, Boychuk S. I. , Demchenko V. I. ,   FSUE “Rostov-on-Don Research Institute of Radio Communications”, Korovkin A. E. ,   FSUE “Rostov-on-Don Research Institute of Radio Communications”, Shipulin A. V. ,   FSUE “Rostov-on-Don Research Institute of Radio Communications”, Poltavets Yu. I. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of the development of an antenna and waveguide transmission line providing reception and transmission of signals in the extended K/Ka-band with an autotracking mode implemented on the excitation of higher types of waves. The indicators efficiency of the feed, parameters of the waveguide device for extracting error signals, frequency duplexer, phase-shifting sections, and polarization conversion devices were determined.
Levels of Vibration Impact during Testing of Spacecraft Avionics Equipment
Authors:   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Levchenko A. S.
Published: December 2020

The tightening of avionics lifetime and reliability requirements necessitates a profound and efficient experimental method. At the same time, the not infrequent absence of even two equipment samples for conducting tests (considering the variation of properties of materials and technological processes) makes the problem of confirming hardware strength characteristics difficult to solve. The present paper describes a methodology for vibration tests of spacecraft onboard electronics that allows us to reliably confirm the strength of a random sample of the given equipment based on the testing of a single test specimen. Safety margins for different stages of equipment vibration testing are determined. These margins are necessary to ensure the given probability of design defect detection. The proposed methodology is compared with current foreign regulatory documents dedicated to testing spacecraft onboard electronics. The proposed method allows a flexible approach to the selection of vibration test levels since it takes into account the design features of the equipment affecting strength spread from sample to sample during the determination of the scope of required tests.
Can Digital Technology Really Contributes to Purchase Power? The Case of Digital Hospitality Application by Finnet Indonesia Corp
Authors:   Trilogi University, Indonesia, Yuliawati Dian , Kanto Dwi Sunu , Bross Noverdi
Published: December 2020

Every producer always tries to achieve the goals and objectives through the products they produce. The resulting product can be sold or purchased by the end consumer at a price level that provides long-term corporate profits. It is in this framework that each producer must think about marketing its products, long before the product is produced until the product is consumed by the end consumer. This study aims to find out the effect of Brand Image and Price on the Purchasing Power of Property which is mediated by Digital Technology. This study used 91 respondents who were tenants of the Premium Cluster Apartments who used digital technology applications. This study uses Brand Image and Price as independent variables, Digital Technology as a mediating variable, and Purchasing Power as the dependent variable. Data obtained using a questionnaire and processed and analyzed using path analysis techniques. The results show that Brand Image has a positive and significant effect on Digital Technology, Price has a positive and significant effect on Digital Technology, Digital Technology has a significant effect on Purchasing Power, Brand Image has a positive and significant effect on Purchasing Power, Price has a significant effect on Purchasing Power, Digital Technology has a significant positive effect on mediating between Brand Image on Purchasing Power, Digital Technology mediates between Price and Purchasing Power.
Optimization of Heavy Equipment Capabilities in The Framework of Productivity and Coal Mining Business Sustainability: Case Study of East Kalimantan Mining Area
Authors:   Trilogi University, Indonesia, Permana Ardyan , Ubud Sahnaz , Kanto Dwi Sunu
Published: December 2020

Coal mining business is now faced with various challenges such as export restrictions policy, an increase in value added products, and the decline in market prices of products. To be able to compete, mining companies are expected to increase productivity and efficiency and make continuous improvements in the production process. In the mining process, the availability of equipment and dump truck unloading tool will determine the sustainability of production that have an impact on productivity and efficiency. The purpose of this study was to optimize the production of coal mining in the context of the efficient use of equipment using the match factor, queues, and linear programming. The research location is in the area of the mining concession contractor KTD Corp is in the village of Embalut, District Tenggarong Seberang, Kertanegara Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan in October-November 2015. Unloading equipment used backhoe excavator is 5 units and 32 units of dump trucks. The simulation results match factor generated by the method optimal dump truck needs 26 units, while the queuing method and linear programming as much as 25 units of dump truck. The results of production optimization with linear programming method produced mining productivity of 1,208 BCM of overburden per hour with the optimum cost of $ 0,909/BCM.
Influencia de la hipertensión intraabdominal en la mecánica respiratoria de pacientes adultos críticamente enfermos con ventilación mecánica invasiva
Authors: Vicente Antonela , Virgilio Sacha Alexis , Tocalini Pablo , Novo María Noel
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: describirlas modificaciones en la mecánica respiratoria, las estrategias ventilatorias propuestas y el correcto posicionamiento de los pacientes adultos críticamente enfermos con HIA y SCA con requerimiento de VMI en UCI.

Fuentes de datos: la búsqueda bibliográfica fue realizada en Pubmed, Cochrane Library y Google Académico® sin restricción del lenguaje con fecha de publicación hasta el 31 de julio de 2019.

Selección de los estudios: pacientes adultos con requerimiento de VMI y diagnóstico de HIA y/o SCA que hayan realizado el análisis de monitoreo ventilatorio y posicionamiento del paciente. Se excluirán los estudios de laboratorio realizados en animales.

Extracción de datos: la búsqueda inicial identificó 681 estudios, de los cuales se incluyeron 30 artículos para el análisis de datos.

Síntesis de datos: los pacientes con requerimiento de VMI se debe permitir el aumento de las presiones en la vía aérea y utilización de PEEP elevada; sólo en casos específicos se podrían aplicar maniobras de reclutamiento y decúbito prono para mantener una ventilación alveolar adecuada. El posicionamiento en Trendelemburg invertido es de utilidad, ya que mejora la mecánica respiratoria y evita la compresión abdominal.

Conclusiones: las alteraciones de la mecánica respiratoria producen una disminución de la compliance torácica, volúmenes pulmonares y trastornos en la oxigenación. La estrategia ventilatoria debe contemplar Vt entre 6-8 ml/kg según peso corporal predicho, presión de trabajo menor a 14 cm H2O, presión meseta de 30 cm H2O+PIA/2 y niveles suficientes de PEEP para prevenir el colapso pulmonar a fin de espiración.
The Relevance of Indonesian Language Learning and Environmental Education
Authors: Hany Nurul
Published: December 2020

Education is a fundamental need in human life. Education has an important role in the continuity and development of a nation's life. Education must be prepared for future generations. Good and bad humans depend on the education they get. Therefore, education must be clear and directed. At this time, humans are being faced with environmental problems. There have been many efforts made by the government or society in solving environmental problems. Therefore, the government has begun to introduce environmental education to its people in order to teach and invite people to love and protect the environment more.
Ukuran Gejala Pusat Data Belum Dikelompokkan dari Sampel Data Jumlah Anggota DPRD Menurut Fraksi Kab. Tangerang (2013) Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin Laki-Laki
Authors: Raihani Fadila , Zaroh Mutia
Published: December 2020

Ukuran gejala pusat data belum dikelompokan adalah data yang tidak disusun ke dalam distribusi frekuensi sehingga tidak mempunyai interval kelas dan titik tengah kelas. Sedangkan pada Ukuran gejala pusat data dikelompokkan, datanya sudah disusun ke dalam sebuah distribusi frekuensi sehingga data tersebut mempunyai interval kelas yang jelas dan mempunyai titik tengah kelas.Ada beberapa macam ukuran gejala pusat data belum dikelompokan yaitu rata-rata hitung(mean), rata-rata ukur/geometri, rata-rata harmonis, rata-rata tertimbang, median, modus, dan fraktil ( kuartil, desil dan persentil).
Relevansi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Indonesia dan Pendidikan Lingkungan
Authors: Hany Nurul
Published: December 2020

Pendidikan merupakan kebutuhan yang mendasar dalam kehidupan manusia. Pendidikan berperan penting dalam membentuk kelangsungan dan perkembangan kehidupan suatu bangsa. Pendidikan harus disiapkan untuk generasi di masa yang akan datang. Baik dan buruk nya manusia tergantung dengan pendidikan yang diperolehnya. Maka dari itu, pendidikan harus jelas dan terarah. Pada saat ini, manusia sedang dihadapkan dengan permasalahan lingkungan. Sudah banyak upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah atau pun masyarakat dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah mulai memperkenalkan pendidikan lingkungan kepada masyarakatnya guna untuk mengajarkan dan mengajak masyarakat untuk lebih mencintai dan menjaga kelestarian lingkungan.
The Relationship between Environmental Materials and Indonesian Language Learning
Authors: Hustin Maya My
Published: December 2020

The environment is a combination of physical conditions that include the state of natural resources such as land, water, solar energy, minerals, and flora and fauna that grow on land and in the oceans, with institutions that include human creation such as decisions on how to use the physical environment. The relation or relationship between environmental material in Indonesian language learning is that there is material that contains the surrounding environment making it easier for students to understand the text or material provided because they only need to understand what is around them and also with this environmental material it is expected to add the awareness of students in protecting their nature so that it can be used in the long term life of the future generations to come.
Ukuran Penyebaran Data (Kemiringan & Keruncingan) "Angka terjangkit Dbd tahun 2008-2017"
Authors: wicaksono andhika
Published: December 2020

data analysis that describes how a data group spreads across its data center or the size of the spread of a data group to its data center. From analyzing the data, it can present the values that will form a graph. From the graph, we can determine the slope number and the taper number.
Facets of Democracy: An Overview
Authors: Kharel Aswasthama Bhakta
Published: December 2020

Democracy allows the expression of political preferences of citizens in a state. It advocates the rule of law, constraints on executive’s power, and guarantees the provision of civil liberties. It also manages to ensure human rights and fundamental freedoms of people. In democracy, people are supposed to exercise their freely expressed will. Ordinary people hold the political power of the state and rule directly or through elected representatives inside a democratic form of government. Democracy is a participatory and liberal way of governing a country. Different countries in the world have been practicing various models of democracy. There remains the participation of people in government and policy-making of the state under democracy. But when the majority can pull the strings of the society without there being legislation for protecting the rights of the minority, it may create a severe risk of oppression. Many countries of the world at the present time are facing democratic deficits. In several countries, the democratic practices are not adequately regulated and governed, as a result, the rise of violations of rules of law is observed. Even a few countries practicing democracy are not living peacefully. This situation has put a significant question about the need and sustainability of democracy. Democracy is a widely used system of governance beyond having several challenges. Here the concept, origin, models, dimensions, practices, challenges, solutions, and future of democracy are dealt to understand the structure of ideal democracy.
Teachers Professional Development at Public Campuses: Attitude and Practice
Authors: Panthee Dinesh
Published: December 2020

Teacher Professional Development is a process of improving both the teachers' academic excellence and acquisition of greater competence and efficiency. It helps to develop various kinds of professional skills, knowledge, techniques, and ICTs used in teaching and learning. The purpose of this study was to find out the attitude and practice of teachers on teacher professional development in public campuses. It also aimed to find out the existing policies and provisions regarding the modalities of teachers' professional development at public campuses. This study was based on a qualitative research design with phenomenological methods. The participants of the study were two teachers of the different public campuses of Rupendehi district. They were selected using a purposive sampling method. The data were collected by taking in-depth interviews of the participants using unstructured guideline questions. The interview questions were directed to the participant's experiences, feelings, beliefs, and convictions about the theme in the research questions. The findings of this study revealed that teachers’ professional development is the most important factor for improving teachers professionally, academically, and technically but professional development activities of the public campuses are not satisfactory.
Ecological estimation of winter peas in the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region
Authors: Ashiev A. R. , Skulova M. V. , Khabibullin K. N.
Published: December 2020

The current paper has presented the study results on the ecological estimation of seed peas of different types of development. The purpose of our study was to assess the quantitative and qualitative indicators of seed peas varieties of different types of development in the southern part of the Rostov region. The trials were carried out on the experimental plots of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” at the laboratory for legumes breeding and seed production. Autumn sowing was carried out in the second decade of October. Spring sowing was conducted in the third decade of March. The objects of the study were the variety ‘Legion’ sown in autumn and spring in comparison with the variety ‘Aksaysky Usatiy 5’, which was used as a standard variety in the trials. The statistical data were processed according to B. A. Dospekhov’s methodology (2012) using Excel with the STATISTICA 10 application. The variety ‘Legion’ sown in autumn ripened earlier in comparison with the standard variety ‘Aksaysky Usatiy 5’. Early ripening of winter peas than spring peas made it possible to evenly distribute the load on the harvesting equipment, since ripening of spring peas often coincided with ripening of winter grain crops, such as winter barley and winter wheat. The variety ‘Legion’ sown in winter exceeded the standard variety ‘Aksaysky Usatiy 5’ in such indicators as “plant height”, “number of beans”, “number of seeds”, “seed weight per plant” and “protein percentage”. The study results have shown that the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region were favorable for the cultivation of winter peas. The winter peas ripened a decade earlier than spring peas, and seed productivity was 1.7–1.8 times larger.
Strategic and Acupunctural GIS Implementation within Community-Oriented Organizations: Evidence-Based Insights from a South African Participatory Action Research for Informal Settlement Upgrading
Authors: Barella Jennifer
Published: December 2020

This article brings evidence-based insights to support the importance of considering contextual elements when analyzing modalities of GIS implementation within NGOs and community-based organizations. I discuss challenges and unforeseen insights of GIS implementation within an advocacy NGO that supports community claims in an informal settlement of Cape Town’s metropolitan area. Through the lens of empirical data, limitations of the GIS implementation models framework are highlighted. GIS implementation will appear to be “acupunctural” and highly strategic and will unveil the use of GIS-based solutions as relational leverage. Finally, I discuss directions for further scientific research on GIS implementation within NGOs and community-based organizations.
Failure Analysis and Elimination of Galvanic Corrosion on Bondpads During Wafer Sawing
Authors: Hua Y. N. , Low E. C. , An L. H. , Redkar Shailesh
Published: December 2020

In our previous paper [1], discolored bondpads due to galvanic corrosion were studied. The results showed that the galvanic corrosion occurred in 0.8 ìm wafer fabrication (fab) process with cold Al alloy (Al-Si, 0.8 wt%-Cu, 0.5 wt%) metallization. Galvanic corrosion is also known as a two-metal corrosion and it could be due to either wafer fab process or assembly process. Our initial suspicion was that it was due to a DI water problem during wafer sawing at assembly process. After that, we did further failure analysis and investigation work on galvanic corrosion of bondpads and further found that galvanic corrosion might be due to longer rinsing time of DI water during wafer sawing. The rinsing time of DI water is related to the cutting time of wafer sawing. Therefore, some experiments of wafer sawing process were done by using different sizes of wafer (1/8 of wafer, a quadrant of wafer and whole of wafer) and different sawing speed (feed-rate). The results showed that if the cutting time was longer than 25 minutes, galvanic corrosion occurred on bondpads. However, if the cutting time was shorter than 25 minutes, galvanic corrosion was eliminated. Based on the experimental results, it is concluded that in order to prevent galvanic corrosion of bondpads, it is necessary to select higher feed-rate during wafer sawing process at assembly houses. In this paper, we will report the details of failure analysis and simulation experimental results, including the solution to eliminate galvanic corrosion of bondpads during wafer sawing at assembly houses.
Layout-Aware Diagnosis Leads to Efficient and Effective Physical Failure Analysis
Authors: Sharma Manish , Schwarz Sergej , Schmerberg Juergen , Yang Kathy , Tai Ting-Pu , Chen Yuan-Shih , Chuang Cheng-Yiing , Kuo Feng-Ming , Brennan Mike , Yeh James , Ma Alan
Published: December 2020

Logic diagnosis analyzes scan test failures and produces a list of potential defect locations and types. This information is often used as a starting point for a detailed physical failure analysis (PFA) process that locates the actual physical defect. One important criterion that dictates whether PFA can be performed on a certain die is the physical area of the die over which the potential defect locations reported by diagnosis are spread. While logic diagnosis works with a logic-level abstraction of the design, in this paper we describe the use of additional design layout information during diagnosis to lead to better localization of defects and reduce the area over which potential defect locations are spread. This directly results in more die becoming suitable for PFA. We demonstrate the effectiveness of such “layout-aware” diagnosis for PFA using an industrial case study in which several die from two wafers were diagnosed and 61% and 78% more die became suitable for PFA using layout-aware diagnosis.
Laser Focus Depth Adaptation for Decapsulation of Copper Wirebonded Devices
Authors: Kor H.B. , Liu Q. , Siah Y.W. , Gan C.L.
Published: December 2020

Although pre-laser decapsulation reduces the time to acid exposure for subsequent chemical decapsulation of copper wirebonded devices, it can result in severely damaged or broken copper wirebonds if carried out at a focused depth followed by chemical decapsulation. Thin quad flat packages (TQFPs) of dimensions 22 mm × 22 mm, with copper wirebonds were pre-laser decapped (Nd:YAG laser, 1064 nm) at three depths of focus, at focus, (z-0.5) mm and (z-1) mm. Reducing the laser focus depth by 1 mm, followed by subsequent chemical decapsulation, resulted in the least damage to copper wirebonds. Average percentage reduction in copper wirebond diameter after complete (laser and chemical) decapsulation is about 2.30%.
A Sample Preparation on Decapsulation Methodology for Effective Failure Analysis on Thin Small Leadless (TSLP) Flip Chip Package with Copper Pillar (CuP) Bump Interconnect Technology
Authors: Yen Gwee Hoon , Kay Ng Kiong
Published: December 2020

Today, failure analysis involving flip chip [1] with copper pillar bump packaging technologies would be the major challenges faced by analysts. Most often, handling on the chips after destructive chemical decapsulation is extremely critical as there are several failure analysis steps to be continued such as chip level fault localization, chip micro probing for fault isolation, parallel lapping [2, 3, 4] and passive voltage contrast. Therefore, quality of sample preparation is critical. This paper discussed and demonstrated a quick, reliable and cost effective methodology to decapsulate the thin small leadless (TSLP) flip chip package with copper pillar (CuP) bump interconnect technology.
Combinational Logic Analysis Using Laser Voltage Probing
Authors: Ravikumar Venkat Krishnan , Lua Winson , Xuan Seah Yi , Ranganathan Gopinath , Phoa Angeline
Published: December 2020

Laser Voltage Probing (LVP) using continuous-wave near infra-red lasers are popular for failure analysis, design and test debug. LVP waveforms provide information on the logic state of the circuitry. This paper aims to explain the waveforms observed from combinational circuitries and use it to rebuild the truth table.
Complex Waveform Analysis for Advanced CMOS ICs
Authors: Abuayob Eli , Nisenboim Evgeny , Raveh Amir , Niu Baohua , Tong Tom
Published: December 2020

Laser scanning microscope (LSM) based waveform acquisition is widely used in advanced CMOS IC design validation and debug application. Complex waveforms obtained from LSM probing on CMOS ICs are often difficult to fully comprehend without deep understanding of the complex physics involved even in planar CMOS. The introduction of 3-D Tri-Gate transistors since 2010 made this even more challenging. In this paper, we present both model based simulation and probing validations on the most advanced 3D Tri-Gate based CMOS ICs that give us a clear understanding of the nature of these complex waveforms.
CF4-Free Microwave Induced Plasma Decapsulation of Automotive Semiconductor Devices
Authors: Tang Jiaqi , Wang Jing , Anderson Gregory B. , Bruckmeier Johannes , Keller Claudia , Dela Cruz Genny V. , Beenakker Kees
Published: December 2020

Failure analysis of automotive semiconductor devices requires highly reliable techniques to guaranty the success of artifact-free decapsulation with high repeatability and reproducibility. With the introduction of new qualification standards, new mold compounds, and new packaging structures, advanced decapsulation tools are needed to enable failure analysis to achieve a high success rate. Microwave Induced Plasma (MIP) machine has been developed as an advanced decapsulation solution. The CF4-free MIP etching ensures artifact-free exposure of bond wires made of new materials, the die, passivation, bond pads, and original failure sites. The high mold compound etching rate, high etching selectivity of mold compound to wire/pad/passivation/die, and the fully automatic process are the unique features of MIP decapsulation. Comparisons are made between acid, conventional plasma with CF4, and CF4-free MIP decapsulation. Multiple case studies are discussed that address challenging automotive semiconductor device decapsulation, including bare copper wire, copper redistribution layer, exposed power copper metal, stitch bond on silver plated leadframe, complex mold compound, Bond-Over-Active-Circuit, eWLB, and localized decapsulation.
Advanced X-Ray Inspection Techniques for IC Reverse Engineering
Authors: LaVoy Rosanne M. , Babian Fred , Reid Andrew
Published: December 2020

The need for reverse engineering (for IP verification or for reproducibility) has reached unprecedented levels requiring not only the inspection of the circuitry but also the understanding of the packaging and interconnects. Achieving the best X-ray inspection for a particular application depends on an in-depth understanding of the X-ray system configuration, the sample configuration, and the sample preparation techniques available. This paper presents various case examples on the development of advanced X-ray inspection techniques for IC reverse engineering, along with information on the limitations of X-ray imaging, issues with 3D reconstruction, models for resolution configuration improvement, and advantages and disadvantages of advanced sample preparation techniques. It is observed that the novel X-ray inspection techniques, combined with appropriate sample prep techniques, provide the necessary resolution to achieve results necessary for current reverse engineering needs.
Narrow-Beam Argon Ion Milling of Ex Situ Lift-Out FIB Specimens Mounted on Various Carbon-Supported Grids
Authors: Campin M. J. , Bonifacio C. S. , Nowakowski P. , Fischione P. E. , Giannuzzi L. A.
Published: December 2020

The semiconductor industry recently has been investigating new specimen preparation methods that can improve throughput while maintaining quality. The result has been a combination of focused ion beam (FIB) preparation and ex situ lift-out (EXLO) techniques. Unfortunately, the carbon support on the EXLO grid presents problems if the lamella needs to be thinned once it is on the grid. In this paper, we show how low-energy (< 1 keV), narrow-beam (< 1 μm diameter) Ar ion milling can be used to thin specimens and remove gallium from EXLO FIB specimens mounted on various support grids.
Preserving Evidence for Root Cause Investigations with Halogen-Free Microwave Induced Plasma
Authors: Odegard C. , Burnett Andy , Tang J. , Wang J.
Published: December 2020

Accurate root cause determination of integrated circuit devices necessitates the preservation of evidence during failure analysis. Identifying the cause of systemic defects requires capturing physical evidence provided by very few customer returns. Each piece of physical evidence is valuable due to the scarcity of returns in most cases less than 1 ppm. Harvesting infrequent physical evidence requires that each attempt to decapsulate a fail unit has a high probability of retaining the material that caused the defect. A measured method that retains the critical evidence is the fastest way to solve a defect driven systemic failure mechanism because one gathers the evidence more efficiently. This paper presents two case studies of improved evidence gathering using halogen-free microwave induced plasma (MIP) decapsulation during the root cause investigations. This relatively new method of decapsulation enabled us to preserve evidence, including any changes to the metal and die surface structures along with the presence of contaminants or by-products of failure mechanisms.
Ultra-Thinning of Silicon for Backside Fault Isolation
Authors: Campin M. J. , Nowakowski P. , Fischione P. E.
Published: December 2020

The size of devices on state-of-the-art integrated circuits continues to decrease with each technology node, which drives the need to continually improve the resolution of electrical failure analysis techniques. Solid immersion lenses are commonly used in combination with infrared light to perform analysis from the backside of the device, but typically only have resolutions down to ~200 nm. Improving resolution beyond this requires the use of shorter wavelengths, which in turn requires a silicon thickness in the 2 to 5 µm range. Current ultra-thinning techniques allow consistent thinning to ~10 µm. Thinning beyond this, however, has proven challenging. In this work, we show how broad beam Ar ion milling can be used to locally thin a device’s backside silicon until the remaining silicon thickness is < 5 µm.
Сарайські данги пізньоджучидського хана Мухамма
Authors: Zayonchkovskiy Yuriy
Published: December 2020

Пропонована стаття має на меті публікацію та попередній аналіз основних типів сарайських дангів пізньоджучідского хана на ім'я Мухаммад. У наукових працях ці емісії присутні дуже слабко: з дев'яти наведених у статті монетних типів в наукових публікаціях було виявлено повноцінно представленим (із графічною реконструкцією штемпелів) лише один. Публікуються, впорядковані відопівдно до вказаного на них місця випуску, дев'ять типів піздньоджучідськіх срібних дангів із зазначенням імені та титулів хана Мухаммада на аверсі і позначенням на реверсі місця карбування як Сарай, Сарай ал-Джадіда, Сарай ал-Махруса. У статті наведені якісні фотозображення срібних монет (більшість з яких уперше вводиться в науковий обіг) з метрологією. Наводиться реконструкція і переклад монетних легенд, а також попередній аналіз емісій. До третьої групи з зазначенням місця карбування Сарай ал-Махруса були віднесені данги, легенда реверсу яких, на думку автора, ідентична за змістом, але виконана різними різниками штемпелів. Певні складнощі викликає прочитання слова в нижньому рядку. Порівняння з палеографією азакських дангів 793 р.х. дозволяє запропонувати прочитання нижнього слова як ал-Махруса та реконструювати легенду реверсу як “КАРБУВАННЯ / САРАЙ / ал-МAХРУСА”. Монети можуть бути датовані 822 – серединою 830-х рр. х. Місце випуску на дангах, що публікуються, вказано як Сарай (без епітета або з таким). Але один цей факт не дозволяє безапеляційно стверджувати, що ці данги карбувалися саме там. Стосовно до срібних емісій XІV століття доведено, що монети могли битися зовсім не там, де викарбовано на їх реверсах. Подібна ситуація, скоріше за все, мала місце і в XV столітті. На сьогоднішньому рівні знань не можна впевнено стверджувати хто ж був такий Мухаммад-хан, від імені якого карбувалися монети, які є предметом статі. Для визначення точних дат, фактичного місця карбування й уточнення емітента необхідними є комплексні дослідження нових нумізматичних джерел, активізувати які покликана запропонована стаття.
Features of legislative provision of land relations in planning the spatial development of territorial communities
Authors:   Land Management Institute of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Avramchuk B. , Kravchenko O. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Tretiachenko D. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Zastulka O. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Peculiarities of normative-legal provision of regulation of land relations in the context of changes to the domestic legislation are considered. The main threats facing land management specialists in planning the spatial development of territorial communities are highlighted. In addition, the features of a comprehensive plan of spatial development of the territorial community as urban planning documentation at the local level and land management documentation at the same time, as well as the concept of integrated development of the territorial community. Also, in the context of planning the spatial development of the territory and establishing restrictions on land use, the legal aspects of the functional zones of the territory proposed by the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Land Use Planning" are considered. The changes in the land legislation regarding the powers to dispose of state and communal lands, as well as the peculiarities of the use of privately owned lands have been studied. Changes to the content of the intended purpose as information of the State Land Cadastre are analyzed, taking into account changes to the regulatory support of the concept of the type of land use. The key principles of improvement and adoption of bylaws in order to harmonize the current state of regulation of land relations and future planning of spatial development of territorial communities are proposed.
Experiences of Mathematics Students in Federal Government Schools of Islamabad
Authors: Ajmal Fouzia
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT Mathematics is critical and significant to recognise the computerised world and match with the newly developing information technology knowledge that is penetrating everywhere in the world. By knowing the importance of Mathematics, this research was set out to describe and explain the difficulties of secondary level students of science group who are facing difficulties in Mathematics. The study was conducted at Federal Government Schools of Islamabad. The study investigated questions concerning experiences of high school (grade 9th and 10th) students’ in Mathematics classroom and the possible reasons for these difficulties. The study was carried out to analyse students’ experiences in the subject of mathematics, and whether the teaching method of mathematics enhances the students’ mathematical thinking and prepares them for pedagogical aspects of Mathematics for future teaching.
Fulani Herdsmen and Grazing Activities in Southwestern Nigeria: Yoruba Farm Youths’ Perception Analysis
Authors: Torimiro D.O.
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT This paper analyses Yoruba farm youths’ perceptions of conflict arising from Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities in three of the six southwestern Nigerian states. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 360 respondents using a pretested and validated structured interview schedule to elicit information. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and percentages were used to summarise the data while inferential statistics were used to validate the hypotheses of the study. The study revealed a high (98.0%) occurrence of Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities with grazing on crops (mean =4.74) ranked 1st among surveyed occurrences. Overall, the farm youth negatively perceived the grazing activities of Fulani herders. At p d” 0.01 and 0.05, age (r = 0.28), number of children (r = 0.303) and farm experience (r = 0.478) show positive and significant correlations with youth’s perceptions of Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities, while at p d” 0.05, household size (r = -1.18), farm size (r = - 0.126) and income (r = -0.103) had a negative but significant correlation with the youths’ perceptions. In conclusion, the Yoruba farm youth had negative perceptions about Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities. It is recommended that the government needs to enact relevant legislations to guide the grazing of cattle and establish functional grazing reserves to enhance meeting herders’ needs and alleviating conflict situations between farmers and the herders.
Desempeño de Capitán de la Sabana (Eremophilus mutisii) en estadios tempranos de desarrollo
Authors:   Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A, Moncaleano-Gómez Erika , Prieto-Mojica Camilo ,   Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
Published: December 2020

Son varios los esfuerzos realizados en el pez capitán de la sabana Eremophilus mutisii para su uso y conservación; sin embargo, a pesar de los avances logrados, no se ha conseguido superar las dificultades de la larvicultura en esta especie, razón por la cual, se realizó la primera descripción de las etapas iniciales de vida, con el fin de contribuir y de mejorar los inicios de la larvicultura. Las larvas utilizadas fueron obtenidas de reproductores maduros de capitán de la sabana. Posteriormente, se procedió a describir el volumen y determinación de absorción del saco vitelino, la abertura máxima de la bucal, primera alimentación, preferencia alimentaria y la evaluación de variables productivas, como ganancia de peso, tasa de crecimiento específica y sobrevivencia. El consumo del saco vitelino, se completó en la 201 Hora Post Eclosión (HPE), equivalente a más del 90% de absorción, la apertura máxima bucal es alcanzada a las 126 HPE. Esta especie presenta un alto de grado de aceptación a la alimentación con quistes de artemia, a partir del 11 Día Post Eclosión(DPE) y, posteriormente, a alimento artificial, desde los 47 DPE; lo anterior, se convierte en un aporte para la obtención e identificación de mecanismos y estrategias que promuevan el uso y la conservación en cautiverio de E. mutisii, con el fin de fomentar el aprovechamiento acuícola en este especie, que se encuentra en amenaza de extinción y puede ser una fuente alimenticia, que contribuya a la seguridad alimentaria de la población Cundiboyacense.
Designing a Rabbit Character's Motion While Waiting in 3D Animation Short "Yue Bing"
Authors: Tandiary Raynaldo Oscar , Lukmanto Christine Mersiana
Published: December 2020

The writing is grounded from the writer’s interest on character animation process in an animation production, which becoming more popular in Indonesia these days. This particular research is all about the process of designing a rabbit character’s motion while waiting in the 3D animation short “Yue Bing”, so the happiness and enthusiasm, also the sadness and desperation felt by the character can be delivered to the audiences. This is done through the use of body language theories, secondary action, and timing animation principles. Throughout the process, research is done by looking at still and moving images on body language, secondary action, and timing as references, that later is translated to the three-dimensional software.
Digitalisierung – Chancen und Risiken für die Wirtschaft
Authors: Petersen Thieß
Published: December 2020

Digitale Technologien sparen Zeit, ermöglichen neue Konsumformen und übernehmen gesundheitsgefährdende Tätigkeiten. Gleichzeitig besteht die Gefahr, dass Arbeitsplätze verloren gehen und globale Monopole entstehen. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert zentrale ökonomische Chancen und Risiken der Digitalisierung.
Innovative Design of Equipment and Tools. Innovative Systems with Elements of Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks
Authors: Shekhovtsov Dmitrii
Published: December 2020

A set of new and rather unusual conditions and requirements for all stages of design, pre- production and complex production itself, which aims to create the capabilities and specifics of so-called smart production, machines, transport, technologies and smart jobs in all industries, medicine, science, training of specialists and agriculture, make us reconsider the existing order of things and search for new organizational and technical solutions aimed at ensuring compliance with the newly emerged conditions. The author of the publication considers it important to consider this as a model within the sector of the technological field of medical equipment and its accompanying materials and technologies.
Humans as Genetic Information Carriers in the Pandemic Conditions (Criminal, Criminal Legal, and Civil Legal Aspects)
Authors:   Department of Civil Law and Process of the National Academy of Internal Affairs,   Kiev, Pavlovska Nataliia , Kulyk Maryna , Tereshchenko Yuliia , Strilets Halyna ,   Departament of Law of Prydunai Branch of Private Jointstock Company «Higher Educational   Institution of Interregional Academy of Personnel Management», Izmail, Ukraine, Filipova Natalia ,   Departament of Law of Prydunai Branch of Private Jointstock Company «Higher Educational Institution of Interregional Academy of Personnel Management», Izmail, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

It has been for the most part difficult and almost impossible to establish the origin of biological material from a particular person, as traditional methods of examining biological traces only with little probability can establish the relative chances of origin of such traces from a particular person and not their equivalence or identity. The development and implementation in the expert practice of new methods of research of human biological traces are aimed at increasing the level of identification capabilities. Major successes in this area have been achieved first of all due to molecular genetics. The importance of such research cannot be overestimated. Many of the notable advances we witness today in forensics and the biological sciences depend on our knowledge of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Sustainable Development Goals in libraries of the German-speaking countries
Authors: Corradini Franziska
Published: December 2020

“How did the release of the Agenda 2030 with its17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) affect libraries in German-speaking regions?” was the leading research question in my bachelor thesis. To analyse the situation, I did a case study, based on a literature review.Findings are that the SDG publication influenced particularly the library associations in Germany and Switzerland. Most actual libraries, though, are probably not familiar yet with the SDGs. Nevertheless, there exists in Austria an outstanding model in (library-)cooperation and SDG platform Bildung 2030. As there are hardly any articles about medical libraries contributing to the SDG discussion, there is unused potential for medical and health libraries to contribute. High potential lies within cooperation between public libraries and medical and health libraries, to spread health literacy to the public.