bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
R&D of 19 kV class splicing device to connect high-voltage instrumentation wires and cable
Authors: Pan Wanjiang , Zhu Yinfeng , Laurenti Adamo , Journeaux Jean-Yves , Wu Cheng , Shen Mo
Published: August 2022

As transition connection in ITER machine, a large number of splicing devices (SDs) will be developed to connect the high voltage (HV) signal wires from different types of sensors installed in the superconducting magnet system to the HV cables connected with the feedthroughs installed in the cryostat wall. The structural design of 19 kV class SD aims at avoiding the electromagnetic interference and obtaining enough dielectric strength under high vacuum and cryogenic temperature environment. To avoid Paschen discharge under low vacuum, much attention is paid on the helium tightness of 19 kV class SD. To investigate the influence of the void in epoxy resin on the insulating performance of SD, the electric field analysis based on finite element technology is performed, the results indicate the peak electric field is much higher than the finite element model without void, which indicates that the void can lead to charge accumulation near metal electrode and electrical breakdown of insulating materials. Further tests indicate the insulating rod manufactured by using glass fiber wet winding under vacuum environment can reduce void in epoxy resin less than 2%, and the cryogenic electrical insulating performance of 19 kV class SD satisfy the technical specifications.
Quantifying Trustworthiness of Explainability in Medical AI
Authors: Zhang Jiajin , Chao Hanqing , Dasegowda Giridhar , Wang Ge , Kalra Mannudeep , Yan Pingkun
Published: July 2022

Saliency visualization methods help explain artificial intelligence (AI) models and build the trust of AI-driven medical image analysis applications. However, the trustworthiness of the generated explanations is often overlooked. Our article demonstrates that the vulnerabilities of such explanations to subtle perturbations of the input can lead to misleading results. More importantly, we show that vulnerabilities can be exploited without knowing the details of an AI model. We then propose criteria and methods to evaluate the trustworthiness of saliency maps and report a series of systematic evaluation and reader studies of widely adopted deep neural networks on large scale public datasets. The results show that the saliency may not be relevant to the model output, and it can be tampered by maintaining the model output without knowing the model specifics. Evidence suggests that AI researchers, practitioners, and authoritative agencies in the medical domain should use caution when explaining AI models.
From oncoproteins to spike proteins: the evaluation of intramolecular stability using hydropathic force field
Authors: Agosta Federica , Kellogg Glen E. , Cozzini Pietro
Published: August 2022

Evaluation of the intramolecular stability of proteins plays a key role in the comprehension of their biological behavior and mechanism of action. Small structural alterations such as mutations induced by single nucleotide polymorphism can impact biological activity and pharmacological modulation. Covid-19 mutations, that affect viral replication and the susceptibility to antibody neutralization, and the action of antiviral drugs, are just one example. In this work, the intramolecular stability of mutated proteins, like Spike glycoprotein and its complexes with the human target, is evaluated through hydropathic intramolecular energy scoring originally conceived by Abraham and Kellogg based on the “Extension of the fragment method to calculate amino acid zwitterion and side-chain partition coefficients” by Abraham and Leo in Proteins: Struct. Funct. Genet. 1987, 2:130-52. HINT is proposed as a fast and reliable tool for the stability evaluation of any mutated system. This work has been written in honor of Prof. Donald J. Abraham (1936-2021).
Allelopathic effect of ginsenoside Rd on ginseng seeds and seedlings
Authors: shen yanlong , fan meiling , li guang , li qiong , meng xiangru , wang enpeng , chen changbao
Published: August 2022

This study evaluated the physiological ecological activities of ginsenoside Rd (G-Rd) in ginseng seeds and seedlings. The effects of different concentrations (2, 1, 0.5, 0.25 mg L-1) of G-Rd on the growth and development of ginseng seeds into seedlings were investigated. G-Rd had an inhibitory allelopathy effect on the germination of ginseng seeds and increased the fresh weight of ginseng seedlings, both effects increasing with increasing concentrations. After G-Rd treatment, the antioxidant enzyme activities in young ginseng roots were lower than in the control group. Regarding antioxidant enzyme activities, the SOD, POD and CAT activities were higher than in the control group at low G-Rd treatment concentrations and significantly lower after treatment at high G-Rd concentrations (P < 0.05). The MDA content increased with increasing G-Rd treatment concentration. Regarding plant hormones, a low concentration of G-Rd could increase the GA content which decreased the ABA and IAA level, while high concentrations of G-Rd decreased the GA and IAA contents and increased the ABA content in the meantime. The allelopathy effects of different concentrations of G-Rd on ginseng seed germination, seedling growth and plant development were different. In short, G-Rd was proved to show a significant allelopathic activity.
Deep learning algorithms for detecting acute thoracic aortic dissection on plain chest radiography: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Lee Dong Keon , Kim Jin Hyuk , Oh Jaehoon , Kim Tae Hyun , Yoon Myeong Seong , Im Dong Jin , Chung Jae Ho , Byun Hayoung
Published: August 2022

Aortic dissection is one of the most life-threatening acute aortic syndromes in which blood leaking from the damaged inner layer of the aorta causes dissection between the intimal and adventitial layers. With the recent development of deep learning technology for image recognition, we developed a deep learning algorithm for screening aortic dissection through chest X-ray scans using a convoluted neural network and evaluated the diagnostic ability of the developed algorithm. The chest X-ray images were obtained from three tertiary academic hospitals. After learning using residual neural network 18- and 5-fold cross-validation with chest X-ray images obtained from two hospitals, a test was performed with data from the remaining one hospital. To validate the performance of five models trained through 5-fold cross-validation, accuracy, precision, recall, and F-1 score were calculated. A total of 3,331 images containing 716 positive images and 2615 negative images were collected from 3,331 patients. Overall, 1,972 images consisting of 507 positive images (male, 62.7%; age [SD], 61 [15] years) in hospital A, 1,155 images consisting of 155 positive images (male, 56.1%; age [SD], 63 [13] years), and 204 images consisting of 54 positive images (male, 55.6%; age [SD], 61 [17] years) were analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of the deep learning model was 90.20% with precision 75.00%, recall 94.44%, and F1-score 83.61%. In conclusion, the interpretation of chest X-ray images using the CNN algorithm that we developed to detect aortic dissection could help doctors screen patients with suspected aortic dissection.
Risk factors for anastomotic leakage in rectal cancer surgery. A retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Brisinda Giuseppe , Chiarello Maria Michela , Pepe Gilda , Cariati Maria , Fico Valeria , Mirco Paolo , Bianchi Valentina
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE Anastomotic leakage after restorative surgery for rectal cancer is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several factors have been identified as risk factors for anastomotic leakage. In this retrospective cohort study, we examined cases of anastomotic leakage in rectal surgery and tried to ascertain the risk factors. METHODS A review of 583 patients who underwent rectal resection with a double-stapling colorectal anastomosis between January 2007 and January 2022 was performed. Clinical, demographic and operative features, intraoperative outcomes and oncological characteristics were evaluated to identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage. RESULTS The overall incidence of anastomotic leakage was 10.4%, with a mean time interval of 6.2 +/-2.1 days. Overall mortality was 0.8%. Mortality was higher in patients with anastomotic leakage (4.9%) than in patients without leak (0.4%, P =0.009). Poor bowel preparation, blood transfusion, median age, prognostic nutritional index <40 points, tumour diameter and intraoperative blood loss were identified as risk factors for anastomotic leakage. Location of anastomosis, number of stapler cartridges used to divide the rectum, diameter of circular stapler, level of vascular section, T and N status and stage of disease were also correlated to anastomotic leakage in our patients. The diverting ileostomy did not reduce the leak rate, while the use of the transanastomic tube significantly did. CONCLUSION Clinical, surgical and pathological factors are associated with an increased risk of anastomotic leakage. It adversely affects the morbidity and mortality of rectal cancer patients.
PGNN: A Parallel Granular BP Neural Network for Classification
Authors: Hou Xianyu , Chen Yumin , Lu Junwen , Wu Keshou , Zeng Nianfeng
Published: August 2022

Deep learning models based on BP neural networks are widely used in classification and regression problems. However, they have a wide range of parameters and insufficient local and uncertain information representations. Granular computing has great uncertainty characterization capability and allows input patterns to be abstracted at higher levels. A parallel granular BP neural network is proposed by combining clustered granulation to reconfigure the BP neural network. First, the optimal samples are defined and used as the references for granulating. Features are granulated into granules. And samples are granulated into granular vectors. Secondly, the granule vector is input to the granule BP neural network, and the granules for classification are output after the granule BP forward calculation, and are reduced to the original classification results by the threshing process. The granular BP neural network defines granular activation functions and a granular loss function to fit the input pattern of granular vectors while retaining the original fully connected neural network structure. The problem to be processed is extended into granules by granulation, and the structured characteristics of the granules make the granular BP neural network computable in parallel. Finally, compared with DNN, SVM, DT and NB, PGNN has better classification accuracy and improved computational efficiency and enhanced generalization performance.
Wide-field fluorescein angiography findings in active anterior scleritis
Authors: Romo-Aguas Juan-Carlos , Zavaleta-Mercado Miguel , Cheja-Kalb Rashel , Hubbe-Tena Claudia , Concha-del-Rio Luz-Elena
Published: August 2022

AimDescribe the proportion of patients with wide-field fluorescein angiographic (WFFA) findings in patients with active anterior scleritis.MethodsAn observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of the WFFA findings of patients with active anterior scleritis. Studies were performed with the Heidelberg Spectralis module (102º). Images were saved and assessed by two masked co-authors.ResultsSeventy-nine eyes from 39 patients, 31 (79%) females with mean age was 50.5 ± 13.98 years. WFFA findings were seen in 52% of eyes with active scleritis and in 16.6% of eyes without scleritis. Retinal vasculitis was detected in eyes with scleritis in 31.25%, mainly with peripheral vascular leakage (19.2%), and in eyes without scleritis in 10.4%. Systemic association was present in 51.3%, being the most prevalent ANCA associated vasculitis and rheumatoid arthritis.ConclusionsOne third of patients with active scleritis have WFFA evidence of retinal vasculitis. WFFA gives supplementary information for monitoring patients with scleritis.
Partial replacement of fishmeal with Chaetomorpha algae improves feed utilization, survival, biochemical composition and fatty acids profile of farmed shrimp Penaeus monodon post larvae
Authors: Simtoe Ambakisye Poland , Luvanga Siwema Amran , Lugendo Blandina Robert
Published: August 2022

Shrimp is an economic important shellfish species for aquaculture in Tanzania, however its farming is constrained by reliant to costly feeds, attributed by fishmeal (FM) as main ingredient, which is expensive and scarce. This study determined the efficacy of plant protein derived from Chaetomorpha algae (CA) on survival, feed utilization, biochemical composition and fatty acids profile of the cultured Penaeus monodon as potential candidate for replacing FM in feed formulation. Four experimental feeds; F0, F1, F2 and F3 were made, denoting FM replacement levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30%, respectively. Post-larvae weighing 0.49 ± 0.06 g were stocked at 15 individuals/m3 in 2m3 harpa nets in three replicates. F2 treatment showed significantly high survival rate. F2 and F3 improved growth significantly with F3 exhibiting the highest weight gain across treatments. Impacts of treatments on biochemical composition varied significantly across inclusion levels. The highest muscle somatic index (MSI) observed in F2 treatment. F3 treatment exhibited significantly high crude protein (CP) over the rest. Crude fat (CF) in F0 and F2 treatments were significantly high across inclusion levels. F0 and F1 treatments exhibited high proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) than the rest. In contrast, F2 and F3 treatments exhibited high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) being superior to other treatments. Inclusion of CA at 20 to 30% levels in feed formulation improved feed utilization, biochemical composition and fatty acids profile of farmed Penaeus monodon. However, CA inclusion at 30% shown to impair survival rate and exhibited high saturated fatty acids. Thus, at 20% replacement level, CA is suitable for partial replacement of FM in P. monodon feeds formulation.
Umbilical Cord Blood-derived Neutrophils inhibit ovarian cancer proliferation by secreting CCL3
Authors: Qi Liu , Wu Yuliang , Chen Genyin , Li Jiaqing , Chen Yingying , Ge Yao , Wang Chunyan , Xiong Bing , Chen Dandan , Li Caixia , Wang Xuguang , Cheng Zhongping , Liu Shupeng
Published: August 2022

Background: Neutrophils are a main type of immune cells involved in many important processes. During tumor progression neutrophils have manifested both tumor-promoting and inhibiting activities. Human umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived Neutrophils (UCBN) were reported to have anti-tumor activity with ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro in our previous studies. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This present study aims to uncover mechanisms underlying the inhibitory role of UCBN in ovarian cancer compared with peripheral blood-derived Neutrophils (PBN). Methods: UCBN and PBN were isolated from freshly obtained human umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood respectively. Cytokine cocktail (IFN-β, IFN-r, and LPS) were used to activate UCBN and PBN in vitro. Mechnism of activated UCBN anti-tumor were done by multi-omic: transcriptomic and Proteomics analysis, followed by experimental validation with flow cytometry, cell killing assays and proteome profiler array. Results: The transcriptomic analysis showed that the top upregulated genes in fresh isolated UCBN compared with PBN mainly focus on neutrophils activation and cell killing. High activity UCBN displayed strong ovarian tumor cell killing activity than PBN in vitro. Transcriptomic and proteomics analysis both revealed that the top upregulated molocules in activated UCBN were mainly involved in biologic processes related to regulation of cytokine secretion. United multi-omic analysis with proteome profiler array, we screened the anti-tumor molecule CCL3, which activated IFN-r related pathway JAK/STAT to killing tumor cells by RNA-seq. Conclusions: Hence UCBN may constitute a viable strategy for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
Reduced quality of life, more technical challenges, and less study motivation among paramedic students after one year of the COVID-19 pandemic – a survey study
Authors: Häikiö K , Harring Astrid K , Kveen R , Jørgensen T. M.
Published: August 2022

IntroductionDespite the lack of knowledge about the SARS-CoV2 virus, the lack of personal protection gear among frontline healthcare workers, and lack of vaccines in the beginning of the pandemic, paramedic students in Norway contributed to the National response against the COVID-19 pandemic by working in test-stations, ambulance services, ambulance decontamination stations etc. Despite fear of contracting the COVID-19 reported by healthcare workers worldwide, paramedic students in Norway reported higher-than-average quality of life after four months of the COVID-19 pandemic (first pandemic wave). In this study we aimed to investigate how students reported their quality of life, study motivation and job satisfaction after one year of living with the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodAt each data collection point, all paramedic students enrolled at Oslo Metropolitan University were invited to participate in a digital, online, self-administered survey. The first data collection was in June 2020 (the first pandemic wave), while the second data collection was in March 2021 (the third pandemic wave). Results from both samples were analyzed independently with descriptive statistics. Differences between the groups were analyzed using an independent T-test and Mann-Whitney-U test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the difference attributable to timing (first vs. the third wave), seniority, and student gender. ResultsThe samples consist of slightly more female students than male students. The mean age in both samples is 24.6 years. Despite the higher-than-average level of quality of life in the first pandemic wave, results show that there was a significant reduction in students’ health-related quality of life (p<0.001, B -0.059, SE 0.016), study motivation (p=0.002, CI:0.09,0.41), and job satisfaction (p=0.005, 95% CI:1.62, 9.00) after the third pandemic wave in Norway. Surprisingly, students experienced more technical challenges in the third wave, e.g., poor internet connection, sound pollution, and poor picture quality, despite more experience among students and teachers.ConclusionOur results show that paramedic students had significant worsening experiences in the late pandemic wave compared to the first pandemic wave. Universities and governments should learn from the COVID-19 pandemic to develop better preparedness plans for future pandemics and knowledge about students' well-being should be considered in future preparedness plans for higher education and the government plans for the education of front-line healthcare workers during a pandemic to facilitate the continuation of necessary education.Keywords: Pandemic, COVID-19, Emergency medical technicians, Paramedic, Quality of life, Allied Health Personnel, student, online education, motivation
HYPERTROPHY OF THE CLITORIS IN AN ADULT WOMAN (CASE REPORT)
Authors:   Endocrinology Department CHU Souss Massa. Laboratoire De La Recherche En Science De La Sante Faculty of Medecine University IBN Zohr Agadir Morocco., Damoune I. , Farouqui A.El ,   Gynecology Deprtment CHU Souss Massa. Faculty of Medecine University IBN Zohr Agadir Morocco., Wakrim S. ,   Radiology Department CHU Souss Massa. Faculty of Medecine University IBN Zohr Agadir Morocco., Alami C. ,   Endocrinology Department CHU Souss Massa. Laboratoire De La Recherche En Science De La Sante Faculty of Medecine University IBN Zohr Agadir Morocco., Ajdi F. ,   Endocrinology Department CHU Souss Massa. Laboratoire De La Recherche En Science De La Sante Faculty of Medecine University IBN Zohr Agadir Morocco.
Published: July 2022

Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia by 21 hydroxylase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease whose usual presentation is a late virilization. In some African countries like Morocco, there are cultural barriers to gynecological examination in girls, women consult until late for a sexual problem as in the case of our patient who consulted for a clitoris hypertrophy at the age of 22 years and the hormonal assessment found a high level of 17 hydroxerone in favor of a 21 hydroxylase deficiency.
THE ROLE OF WHATSAPP IN THE MANAGEMENT OF POST COVID-19 MUCORMYCOSIS IN A REGIONAL EYE HOSPITAL ATTACHED TO A MEDICAL COLLEGE
Authors:   M.S(Ophthalmology) Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Andhra Medical College/ Government Regional Eye Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh., Rajiv Krishna K.S.
Published: July 2022

Objective: Mucormycosis after Covidattack had devastating effecton the patients and family. The objective of this study is to emphasize the role of social media like WhatsApp in the management of Mucormycosis in a Regional eye hospital attached to a medical college. Material and Methods: This study is a descriptive observational study. Data from June 2021 to February 2022 from ourmedical college comprising multiple health facilities, posted in a common WhatsApp group is studied and analysed using Microsoft Excel-2019 software Results: Data of 451 patients was posted in the group during the study period. (178 patients from ENT hospital and 273 patients from General Hospital). A total of 247 surgeries were documented (144 from ENT hospital and 103 from General Hospital). 325 patients were discharged after successful treatment.30 patients who were undergoing treatment at General hospital succumbed to Mucormycosis. 74 patients either left against medical advice/ absconded/ referred to higher centres for further management. Average response time to the message posted in the group is around 10 minutes. Conclusion: In the hectic schedules of doctorsand in the scenario of highrisk of exposure to them in treating both covid-19 and post covid Mucormycosis, social media platform WhatsApp provided afeasible solution for exchanging information ondiagnosis, investigations and optimization of treatment. It therebycontributed to timely and effective management of Mucormycosis.
Adjusting Experimental Parameters to Modify Corn Starch with Glycidyl Methacrylate to Tune Specific Properties
Authors: Pellá Michelly , Simão Andressa , Maurício Marcos , Dragunski Douglas , da Silva Rafael , Rubira Adley
Published: July 2022

Chemical modification reactions are viable alternatives for improving the properties of starch because they allow the insertion of molecules that change the original behavior of the polymer. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) is an example of a vinylic molecule added to starch to decrease its hydrophilicity and improve mechanical properties. This modification reaction is affected by parameters like the volume of the modifier, time, and temperature. Furthermore, the correlation between these parameters might change the response of an individual parameter on the degree of substitution (DS), crystallinity (Xc), and molecular-weight-related parameters. This work evaluated how these effects and their correlations would affect the DS, Xc, molecular weight, and the polydispersity index (PDI) of starch. The results suggested that, while higher volumes of GMA and temperatures decreased the DS and Xc, the correlation between them increased the DS by 2.47, and Xc by 1.25. On the other hand, higher temperatures also favored the occurrence of hydrolysis. Also, although none of the parameter correlations had a significant effect on the assessed properties (at 95%), the statistical analysis confirmed that the correlation between two parameters changed the effect of individual parameters.
Efecto de tres moliendas vegetales contra el ácaro Varroa destructor en colonias de Apis mellifera
Authors: Reyna Fuentes Jesús Humberto , Martínez González Juan Carlos , Silva Contreras Amador , López Aguirre Daniel
Published: July 2022

Anualmente, se pierde más del 33 % de las colmenas en el altiplano y el norte de México por varroa (Varroa destructor), debido al uso excesivo de acaricidas sintéticos. Como resultado, las poblaciones de ácaros han desarrollado resistencia. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la caída de ácaros de V. destructor, así como el porcentaje de infestación mediante la aplicación de moliendas botánicas de ajo (Allium sativum), laurel (Laurus nobilis) y orégano (Origanum vulgare) en colonias de Apis mellifera en temporada invernal. Se utilizaron 16 colmenas tipo jumbo, seleccionando cuatro colmenas por tratamiento, donde cada una fue la unidad experimental. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) testigo (sin tratamiento); 2) ajo; 3) laurel, y 4) orégano. Los tratamientos incluyeron azúcar pulverizada (glass) en proporción 1:1 (azúcar: molienda vegetal). Los datos se analizaron mediante un diseño completamente aleatorizado. Se consideró el porcentaje de infestación inicial (covariable) para determinar si afectaba la respuesta a las moliendas (p > 0.05). El laurel presentó el mayor número de ácaros caídos (42.46 ± 12.07). A partir del día siete, los porcentajes de infestación decrecieron, destacando la molienda de laurel (p < 0.01). El grupo de las colmenas testigo presentó una tendencia creciente, con medias superiores al 5 % (5.32 ± 1.16). En la actualidad, se están usando los aceites y extractos botánicos para el tratamiento de plagas y enfermedades de las abejas. Sin embargo, la utilización de moliendas botánicas en la apicultura es limitada, por lo anterior, el uso de estos bioacaricidas representa una alternativa para el control del ácaro V. destructor, ya que son ingredientes de fácil accesibilidad, presentan un bajo costo y una metodología sencilla de elaboración y aplicación. Además, al ser un tratamiento orgánico, garantiza la seguridad ambiental, obteniendo inocuidad en la miel y en subproductos derivados de la colmena.
Management of greywater: environmental impact, treatment, resource recovery, water recycling, and decentralization
Authors: Khajvand Mahdieh , Mostafazadeh Ali Khosravanipour , Drogui Patrick , Tyagi Rajeshwar Dayal
Published: July 2022

Wastewater generated from households can be classified into greywater and blackwater. Greywater makes up a substantial portion of household wastewater. Such water consists of wastewater released from kitchen sinks, showers, laundries, and hand basins. Since the greywater is not mixed with human excreta and due to the low levels of pathogenic contamination and nitrogen, it has received more attention for recycling and reusing in recent decades. Implementing decentralized greywater treatment systems can be an effective solution to overcome water scarcity by supplying a part of water requirement, at least non-potable demand, and decreasing pollutant emissions by eliminating long-distance water transportation in remote regions, like rural and isolated areas. This review focuses on greywater management in terms of reducing environmental risks as well as the possibility of treatment. Effective management of water reclamation systems is essential for a decentralized approach and to ensure the protection of public health. In this regard, the environmental impacts of disposal or reusing the untreated greywater are discussed. Furthermore, the most appropriate technologies that can be employed for the decentralized treatment of greywaters like constructed wetlands, waste stabilization ponds, membrane systems, and electrochemical technologies are described. Finally, this review summarizes resource recovery and sustainable resource reuse.
The Introduction of Dendrimers as a New Approach to Improve the Performance and Quality of Various Blood Products (Platelets, Plasma and Erythrocytes): A 2010-2022 Review Study
Authors: Mehrizi Tahereh Zadeh , Ardestani Mehdi Shafiee
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

Platelet-, erythrocyte- and plasma-related products are vital for some patients. The main problems with these products are storage lesions, shelf life limitations, and function and quality maintenance. Dendrimers, a well-known group of polymeric nanoparticles, may help overcome these challenges due to their special properties.

Methods:

This review article, for the first time, comprehensively discusses studies from 2010 to 2022 on the compatibility of positive, negative, neutral, and modified charge dendrimers with each blood product. Moreover, it provides information regarding dendrimers' applications for improving the quality and function of blood products.

Results:

A total of one hundred and twenty-six studies showed that dendrimers affect blood components depending on their load, size, molecular weight, functional group, concentration, and exposure time. Generally, cationic dendrimers with higher concentrations and molecular weight and larger size showed little hemocompatibility, while anionic or neutral dendrimers with lower concentrations and molecular weight, and small size were more hemocompatible. Further, some modifications of cationic dendrimers were found to improve their compatibility. For erythrocytes, they included PEGylation and thiolation of dendrimers or functionalizing them with cyclic RGD, nmaleyl chitosan, zwitterionic chitosan, prednisolone, or carbohydrates. Additionally, dendrimers functionalized with arginine-birch, lysine-Cbz, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol-cyclic RGD, thiol, TiO2, maltotriose, or streptokinase decreased the platelet toxicity of dendrimers. The dendrimers modified with polyethylene glycol, glucose, and gold nanoparticles showed increased compatibility in the case of albumin products. Moreover, the PAMAM-dendrimer-antibody conjugates had no adverse effect on antibodies. Dendrimers have a wide range of applications, including virus detection kits, synthetic O2 carriers, bacterial nanofilters, drug carriers, anticoagulants, and enhanced blood product storage.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that due to the outstanding properties of different types of dendrimers, particularly their manipulability, nanomaterials can be promising to enhance the quality of blood products. Thus, further research in this area is required.
Epistemografia interativa no campo da Ciência da Informação
Authors: Bezerra Vinícius Cabral Accioly , Salcedo Diego Andres
Published: August 2022

Discusses the enhancement of serendipity in the process of searching for information in digital environments in the post-custodial paradigm of Information Science. It results from an exploratory and bibliographic research. As a result, it isfoundedthe possibility and potential of Interactive Epistemography as an ethical and universal practice to represent and organize information items based on the participation of the information retrieval systemuser, both as classifier and user. It focuses on the perspective of informational items classified from people with different worldviews to the detriment of a small portion of scientific authorities. It concludes that the construction of collective and plural knowledge, with the active participation of information researchers, as well as the enhancement of serendipity in the process of searching for information, fits as research in the field of Information Science.
Improving the Quality of Passenger Service Using Standards for Assessment of Rural Transport Services
Authors: Andari Tania , Masbiran Vivi Ukhwatul Khasanah , Momon Momon , Savira Evi Maya , Yolarita Elsa , Manoby Worry Mambusy , Asriani Asriani
Published: August 2022

In recent years, the government has been aggressively inviting the public to use public transportation for all regional residents in Indonesia. Mattson et al. (2021) stated that transportation and accessibility in the village are more comprehensive and have more complex transportation issues. Therefore, this study was conducted to measure rural transportation services to improve public transportation performance in the Pringsewu Regency. This study uses a mixed-method and combines quantitative and qualitative data at one time (Creswell, 2014). The data is analyzed quantitatively and then explained based on existing conditions and provisional assumptions. The data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through field surveys on four rural transportation routes in Pringsewu Regency to obtain data on load factors, vehicle speed, waiting time, travel time, frequency/hour, and the number of vehicles operating from each route. Furthermore, the data is evaluated and given an assessment based on the suitability of indicators based on the assessment standard from the Directorate General of Land Transportation, Ministry of Transportation. Secondary data was obtained from Statistics Indonesia publications, official documents, and government websites. The analysis results showed that rural transportation services in the Pringsewu regency were below the ideal standard (70%), with an average loading factor of 40â€”50%, which is included in the bad category. This is estimated to be influenced by several factors, namely the low level of load factor and headway. The recommendation put forward is the need for efforts to add headways and increase the speed of travel time and reduce the frequency of trips to improve transportation performance.
Establishing a Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
Authors: Annette Lucy
Published: July 2022

Biodiversity and human survival go hand in hand but biodiversity and related crucial resources are declining. According to the ‘Living Planet Report 2018’ wildlife populations have declined by 60 per cent since 1970, while human activities have caused alterations to 97 per
cent of all land and 66 per cent of the marine environment. Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) will be developing a post-2020 framework called the Global Biodiversity Framework. The goal of this is to stop biodiversity loss by 2030 and achieve recovery by 2050. In October
2021 CBD COP15 (the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties) took place to determine the framework and the second part of the conference which is scheduled for the second half of 2022 will see the framework being further negotiated and adopted. Commissioner for Environment, Oceans and
Fisheries Virginijus Sinkevičius said: ‘In these challenging times, multilateralism is more critical than ever, for people and the nature we depend on. The evidence is clear: we need a future in harmony with nature, for ourselves, for future generations, for our climate and for
sustainable development — and we need a common roadmap to achieve it.’ An important document to emerge from part one of CBD COP15 was the Kunming Declaration, which requests that the parties involved prioritise the protection of biodiversity when it comes to decision-making and
recognise the key role of conservation in protecting human health.
Enhancement of System Security by Using LSB and RSA Algorithms
Authors: Hummady Muna M. , Hussein Morad Ameer
Published: August 2022

A steganography hides information within other information, such as file, message, picture, or video. A cryptography is the science of converting the information from a readable form to an unreadable form for unauthorized person. The main problem in the stenographic system is embedding in cover-data without providing information that would facilitate its removal. In this research, a method for embedding data into images is suggested which employs least significant bit Steganography (LSB) and ciphering (RSA algorithm) to protect the data. System security will be enhanced by this collaboration between steganography and cryptography.
EVALUATION OF MATERNAL AND NEONATAL IGG AND IGM SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODIES, TRANSFER RATIOS OF ANTIBODIES VIA PLACENTA, IMMUNE RESPONSE IN NEONATES BY IGG AND IGA SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODIES DETECTION
Authors: BHAGAT DHARTI , PATEL SEFALI , DIKKATWAR MANOJ , BINDU RADHIKA
Published: July 2022

Objective: To study SARS-CoV-2 viral load in maternal and neonatal bodily fluids, Passage of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody through placenta and breastmilk, and incidence of fetoplacental infection.

Methods: The data were gathered from five databases and included a review of research articles published between 2020 and 2021.

PubMed

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The following terms were used in the search: 1. Clinical symptoms of the mother, 2. The ratio of negative to positive RT-PCR test results in infants, 3. Ratios of normal to aberrant IgG and IgM, 4. Antibody Placental Transfer, 5. Time period for maternal immunization to produce effective antibodies, 6. Neonatal Immune Response, 7. Antibodies are transferred through breast milk after moms have been immunised.

Results: Several prospective and retrospective studies conducted in Wuhan, Philadelphia, Florida and Massachusetts consisted of seropositive as well as seronegative pregnant women. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in the sera of the mother and correlated with the antibodies detected in the neonatal blood. Significant transfer of IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through placenta and breast milk was observed; that is, positive correlation was found between SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations in cord and maternal sera (r = 0.886; P < .001). Not only passively, but mothers infected during the peripartum period protect the newborn by actively stimulating and training the neonate system via breastmilk immune complexes.

Conclusion: We here highlight novel insights arising from recent research endeavours on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from a mother to an infant.
PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS: A CLINICAL NOTE
Authors: PEJGUDE ANAND , JADHAV PRAKASH , YADAV VISHAL
Published: July 2022

Aspergillosis is a mycotic sickness ordinarily brought about by Aspergillus fumigatus, a saprophytic and universal airborne growth. Obtrusive aspiratory aspergillosis happens essentially in patients with serious immunodeficiency. The meaning of this contamination has decisively expanded with developing quantities of patients with impeded insusceptible state related with the administration of danger, organ transplantation, immune system and fiery circumstances; fundamentally sick patients and those with constant obstructive aspiratory infection seem, by all accounts, to be at an expanded gamble. Persistent pneumonic aspergillosis influences patients without clear resistant split the difference, yet with a fundamental lung condition like COPD or sarcoidosis, earlier or simultaneous TB or non-tuberculous mycobacterial illness. Aspergillus bronchitis might be liable for tenacious respiratory side effects in patients with Aspergillus identified more than once in sputum without proof of parenchymal Aspergillus sickness, particularly in patients with bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis. Unfavorably susceptible bronchopulmonary aspergillosis influences patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis and is vital to perceive as long-lasting lung or aviation routes harm might accumulate if untreated. Aspergilloma is normally tracked down in patients with recently shaped cavities in the lung, though unfavorably susceptible bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, an extreme touchiness response to Aspergillus antigens, is, for the most part, found in patients with atopy, asthma or cystic fibrosis. This survey gives a report on advancing the study of disease transmission and hazard elements of the significant indications of Aspergillus lung sickness and the clinical appearances that ought to provoke the clinician to think about these circumstances. Current methodologies for the determination and the board of these disorders are examined.
REVIEW ON: EFFECT OF OIL, SURFACTANT AND COSURFACTANT ON MICROEMULSION
Authors: N. SOWMYA , CHANDRAKALA V. , SRINIVASAN S.
Published: July 2022

Lipid dosage forms are the most preferred delivery system for hydrophobic drug molecules. Lipid dosage forms has many advantages of higher degree of biocompatibility and versatility and also lipid dosage form gained more importance in recent years because of their ability to improve the solubility and bioavailability of drugs with poor water solubility. Lipid formulation can be altered in various ways to provide wide range of product requirements as per the disease condition, route of administration, toxicity and efficacy. Lipid formulations are most reliable strategy for formulating pharmaceuticals, for topical, oral, pulmonary, or parenteral delivery. Due to their capability as therapeutic agents, ideally, these lipid-soluble drugs are incorporated into inert lipid carriers such as oil, surfactant dispersion, liposomes, emulsion etc. Emulsion is one of the known systems since many years. Pharmaceutical application of the emulsion is widely speeded after the microemulsion and nano emulsions appearance. Microemulsions are clear, stable and isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant and cosurfactant. Emulsions and nano emulsions are not thermodynamically stable, compared with microemulsions. The main objective of this review paper is to discuss about the effect of oil, surfactant and cosurfactant on the microemulsions.
Facilitadores de la Violencia de Pareja Percibidos por Víctimas y Victimarios: Estudio Exploratorio en el Contexto de la Teoría del Aprendizaje Social
Authors: Rizo Martínez Lucía Ester , Sánchez Sosa Juan José
Published: August 2022

Pocos estudios han documentado la percepción de víctimas y victimarios con respecto a los factores facilitadores e instigadores de la violencia de pareja. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la percepción de víctimas y victimarios de violencia de pareja con respecto a factores facilitadores e instigadores de la violencia. Participaron 27 víctimas de violencia de pareja con edades entre 18 y 71 años (media = 34.25) y 27 victimarios jurídicamente confirmados, con edades entre 19 y 62 años (media = 40), quienes respondieron un cuestionario integrado por una lista sobre factores facilitadores e instigadores de la violencia de pareja y de datos sociodemográficos. Ambos grupos coincidieron en señalar al estrés y consumo de sustancias como propiciadoras de violencia, así como a la madre de su pareja como instigadoras. El diseño de intervenciones para tratar o prevenir violencia de pareja requieren identificar los factores que la facilitan, incluyendo a las familias circundantes ya que podrían no sólo tolerar o justificar la violencia, sino incluso inducirla. Finalmente, se discuten algunas diferencias notorias entre perpetradores y víctimas respecto de otras variables propiciadoras de violencia en el contexto de la teoría del aprendizaje social.
Influencia del Tipo de Tarea sobre la Construcción Dialógica y Resolución del Conflicto en Ingresantes Universitarios
Authors: Peralta Nadia Soledad , Castellaro Mariano Andrés , Tuzinkievicz María Agustina
Published: August 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia del tipo de tarea sobre la construcción dialógica y el tipo de resolución de conflicto sociocognitivo en díadas de estudiantes universitarios ingresantes. Se comparan dos tareas: leer e interpretar tablas de frecuencia y ordenar las posibles causas de una problemática social. Se diseñó un estudio cuasi-experimental de sólo post-test en el que se 28 díadas realizaron ambas tareas y se evaluó el efecto del tipo de tarea sobre la construcción dialógica y la resolución. Los resultados generales indican que, en cuanto a la construcción dialógica, la argumentación presenta valores superiores en la tarea de ordenar causas. En relación a los códigos sociales y organizativos de la resolución de la tarea, se observan valores similares entre ambas condiciones. Finalmente, se identifica una tendencia de la lectura de tabla hacia las resoluciones simétricas argumentativas y del ordenamiento de causas sociales hacia las resoluciones asimétricas argumentativas. Estos resultados, contemplados desde el ámbito educativo, destacan la importancia de la especificidad de la tarea a realizar, ya que la misma tiene influencia sobre los requisitos precisos que dan lugar a las resoluciones ideales que posibilitan avances en los aprendizajes.
Barriers in Implementing Six Sigma in Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Yadav Rohit , Verma Prof. Yudhveer , Panwar Prof. Abhinav
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Six sigma is a tool that used by organizations to improve quality, Enhance their operation, Improve efficiency as result it helps to increase overall profit, Six sigma remove defects less than 3.4 defects per million, many large companies implement six sigma due to their financial resources ability, that’s why a perception is observed that six sigma is only for large companies, but it can be implemented in small and medium enterprises also with better results. Six sigma is not only for quality but it also helps in increasing productivity, profit, improves whole bottom line of company, this study is for small and medium enterprises that helps to guide for implementation process. Hence Six Sigma is rule which analyzed data and statistics so that industry can focus on primary cause of problem and work accordingly to solve that problem in a simplified manner so that we can get final results improved and better, six Sigma is used in many sectors but gives better result in manufacturing sector also, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in India operate under typical conditions where a wide variety of products are produced in smaller quantities. For such small batch productions, the production processes including people, machines, materials and methods should be as stable as possible. The quality of the products produced or the services provided must be continuously improved. Whenever possible, inspection should be done at source to avoid quality deviations that would be more costly if found at a later stage.
Comparative Study of Prediction of IDBP values for Hemodialysis using Deep Learning
Authors: GK Srushti , K R Sumana
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The field of medicine is expanding rapidly as new diseases appear regularly, necessitating the development of appropriate treatment options. A precise and efficient method of operation is necessary for correct diagnosis and treatment. Blood pressure (BP) is a vital sign that provides basic information about patients' health. During the clinical operation of hemodialysis, blood pressure (BP) variability affects significant global risks and secondary complications associated with adverse mortality. In patients with hypertension, continuous BP monitoring is important. If the scheme is automated, it can be very useful. Consequently, the implementation of an effective automatic medical diagnostic scheme could be very beneficial for all stratifications involved in this process.
Reseña: Jóvenes entre plataformas sociodigitales. Culturas digitales en México
Authors: Llanos Alan
Published: August 2022

En los últimos años, de forma paulatina, la investigación social ha ido incorporando a sus discusiones, observaciones y análisis, conceptos y términos que refieren a una realidad: la conformación de culturas digitales entre la sociedad contemporánea. Esto ha obligado a las y los investigadores a tener que recurrir al uso de categorías de análisis próximas a las dinámicas sociales que emergen y se colocan al centro de los fenómenos sociales, otras veces, a proponer nuevos términos que den sentido a lo que se observa.