bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Foreign Bodies in Cattle Rumen and Reticulum at Herat Slaughterhouse, Afghanistan
Authors: Tahier Abdullah , Mohmand Noor Ali , Pooyan Abdul Qader , Saddiqi` Mohamad Ehsan , Tahiri Ali
Published: October 2024

‌Background: Cattle in developing countries are at high risk of ingesting foreign objects due to inadequate feeding practices, improper waste disposal, nutritional deficiencies, and poor livestock management. This can cause serious gastrointestinal complications, including obstruction, infection, and perforation. To prevent these issues, livestock producers should focus on providing a balanced diet, improving waste management, enriching pastureland, enhancing supervision, and educating stakeholders. By addressing these factors, farmers can maintain the health and well-being of their cattle. Materials and Methods: A randomized research study was conducted in Herat, Afghanistan to assess the prevalence of indigestible materials in the fore-stomach (rumen and reticulum) of cattle. A total of 400 healthy cattle of local breeds were slaughtered from April to September 2017. The types of foreign bodies and their prevalence in the rumen and reticulum were determined using IBM Microsoft software SPSS version 26 for analysis. Findings: Of the 400 cattle randomly selected and examined, 24.25% (97 animals) were found to have indigestible foreign bodies in their forestomach (rumen and reticulum). These foreign bodies were primarily located in the rumen (71%), followed by the reticulum (19%), and both chambers (10%). The most common types of foreign bodies were plastic (78%), clothes (76%), thread (76%), leather (25.7%), metal (18.5%), bone (41.2%), wood (72.1%), and glasses (8.2%). The prevalence of foreign bodies was significantly higher in male cattle (24.56%) compared to female cattle (23.43%). Interestingly, the highest prevalence rate of foreign bodies (51.5%) was observed in cattle with poor body condition. Conclusion: Foreign body ingestion in cattle can cause serious health risks, including obstruction, infection, perforation, and death. To protect cattle health, clean feed, proper waste disposal, and foreign body removal are essential.
Pemanfaatan Teknologi Digital Google Spreadsheet dalam Membangun Budaya Refleksi “KEMBANG”
Authors: Nurhayati Wakhida
Published: October 2024

Artikel ini membahas pemanfaatan teknologi digital, khususnya Google Spreadsheet, dalam membangun budaya refleksi "KEMBANG" di TK Aya Sophia 2, Kabupaten Tangerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dan observasi lapangan berbasis praktik baik untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana refleksi dapat meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Dalam konteks ini, kepala sekolah berperan sebagai pemimpin pembelajaran yang memfasilitasi proses refleksi yang terstruktur dan berkelanjutan. Setiap hari Senin, pendidik melakukan refleksi mandiri dengan mengisi lembar refleksi di Google Spreadsheet, yang memungkinkan mereka untuk mengevaluasi kemajuan secara jujur dan terbuka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan refleksi KEMBANG memberikan dampak positif yang signifikan, termasuk peningkatan motivasi pendidik untuk terus belajar dan mengembangkan diri. Pendidik tidak hanya melakukan refleksi, tetapi juga merancang program pengembangan diri yang berkelanjutan, yang dipantau secara berkala. Selain itu, refleksi ini meningkatkan kesadaran pendidik terhadap kebutuhan siswa, sehingga mereka lebih proaktif dalam memberikan bimbingan yang personal dan efektif. Kualitas pembelajaran di kelas pun meningkat, terlihat dari semangat siswa dan testimoni positif dari orang tua. Melalui penggunaan Google Spreadsheet, proses refleksi menjadi lebih sistematis dan terukur, mendukung pendidik dalam merumuskan rencana aksi untuk perbaikan. Artikel ini menekankan pentingnya refleksi sebagai elemen kunci dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan dan mendorong budaya belajar yang berkelanjutan di lingkungan sekolah. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan praktik baik dalam pendidikan melalui teknologi digital.
Analysis of the morpho-genetic features of the phylogenesis of the сlass Reptilia
Authors: Kohut V. I. , Shevchyk L. O. , Grod I. M. , Kravets N. Ya. , Holinei H. M. , Kryzhanovska M. A.
Published: October 2024

Aim. The aim of the study was to establish the species composition of the extinct herpetofauna of reptiles in the European continent, identify plesiomorphic, apomorphic characteristics, autapomorphies, and idioadaptations, as well as to analyze the patterns of morphogenesis of the class Reptilia. Methods. Used methods of literature analysis, mapping of places of discovery of dinosaurian paleontological remains in Europe, comparative, mathematical-statistical, and correlation analysis methods of metric measurements of the detected species. Results. It was established that in the extinct fauna of the class Reptilia of the European continent, with taxonomic richness (equal to 27); the species composition consisted of seven species. A correlation dependence between ontogenetic growth parameters of animals was revealed. In particular, in the pair of absolute (length - mass) and relative (growth per year) growth parameters, a strong functional relationship is traced, while the correlation between growth (L) and age parameters is medium, and between body mass (M) and animal age is weak. Conclusions. According to the hypothesis of additive typogenesis, it has been confirmed that new morphological structures (apomorphies) do not arise as a result of simultaneous changes in all organ systems but are the result of individual gradual mutations that arise within narrow limits, possibly in separate populations of reptiles.
Population genetic analysis of the Lviv region based on surname data
Authors: Shuba V. V. , Gorpynchenko М. Yu. , Atramentova L. О.
Published: October 2024

Aim. The study aimed to determine indicators characterizing the population structure of the Lviv region. Methods. The study employed the method of describing the genetic structure of the population using surnames, as proposed by I. Barrai. Results. Indicators of population structure in district populations of the Lviv region exhibited a wide range of values. The basic index, the isonymy index (I), varied between 2.3 and 26.5 (×10-4). The inbreeding coefficient (FST) ranged from 11.2 to 66.1 (×10-5), the migration index (v) from 70.8 to 212.9 (10-4), the diversity index (a) from 3.8 to 22.9 (×102), the entropy index (H) from 10.0 to 13.0, and the redundancy of surnames (R) from 26.1 to 36.2. In some settlements, there is an accumulation of bearers of the same surname, which can be explained by the founder effect. Conclusions. The rates of isonymy, inbreeding, and migration in district populations were several times higher than those observed in the regional population. The level of isonymy was lowest in areas with high tourist and transit activity.
Use of KASP technologies for the identification of alleles of polyphenoloxidase genes of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Halaieva M. V. , Halaiev O. V. , Pogrebniuk O. O. , Fait V. I. , Rahmatov M.
Published: October 2024

Aim. Characterization of recombinant inbred lines F7 Luzanivka odeska/Odeska chervonokolosa by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) genes using KASP technologies and detection of the associations of allelic differences in Ppo genes with agronomically important traits of common wheat. Methods. Competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP). Phenological observations, elements of yield structure. Results. The polymorphism of the parental genotypes and the population of recombinant inbred lines for Ppo-A1 and Ppo-D1 genes was evaluated. A polymorphism between parental forms on the Ppo-D1 gene was detected. A comparison of the data of KASP-analysis of lines with the results of evaluation of lines by eight agronomic traits of wheat was carried out. Conclusions. Differences in the alleles of the Ppo-D1 gene did not affect the traits duration of a period prior to heading, plant height, productive tillering, grain number per spike, thousand-grain weight, productive tiller number per unit area and grain yield. An increase in the grain weight per spike was observed in lines with a favorable Ppo-D1a allele. The selection of genotypes with the Ppo-D1a allele, which corresponds to the low activity of the PPO enzyme, does not have a negative effect on the agronomically important characteristics of wheat.
Comparative analysis of Brassica carinata and fungal industrial lipases used for biodiesel production
Authors: Hotsuliak V. Y. , Blume R. Y. , Demydov S. V. , Savchuk O. M. , Yemets A. I. , Blume Y. B.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To identify the genes of endogenous TAG-lipases in the genome of Abyssinian mustard, or carinata (Brassica carinata), and to analyze the similarity of their amino acid sequences with the industrial lipases of fungal origin. Methods. Genome-wide search for B. carinata TAG-lipase sequences was conducted out, annotation of the identified genes, alignment of their sequences, phylogenetic analysis was performed, as well as identification of conserved sequence motifs and functional domains of these proteins was done. Results. 13 TAG-lipase genes were identified in the genome of Abyssinian mustard, and their phylogenetic relations with camelina and fungal lipases was reconstructed. The domain structure of carinata TAG-lipases was analyzed, and the level of sequence divergence of their functional regions was also revealed. Conclusions. Fungal lipases were identified, which are most similar in terms of domain organization to the identified TAG-lipases of B. carinata, and therefore could potentially be used to increase the efficiency of transesterification of carinata oil.
Cereal barcoding by assessing intron length polymorphism of γ-tubulin genes
Authors: Rabokon A. M. , Blume R. Y. , Sakharova V. H. , Hordynskyi S. O. , Bilonozhko Y. O. , Pirko Ya. V. , Blume Y. B.
Published: October 2024

Aim. The aim of the study was to obtain typical DNA profiles for common cereal plants using a method of assessing γ-tubulin intron length polymorphism and to evaluate the possibility of using this gene for plant species barcoding. Methods. Cereals, in particular wheat, aegilops, barley, and rice, have been studied. The method of γ-tubulin intron length polymorphism assessment was used. Amplified DNA fragments were separated via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-denaturating conditions and were visualized via silver nitrate staining. Results. The analyzed cereal species-specific DNA profiles of amplicons of the γ-tubulin gene introns were obtained, which made it possible to differentiate the species. Fingerprinting data was used for cluster analysis and dendrogram construction. Conclusions. The feasibility of using the proposed cereal barcoding method has been established. The studied plant DNA profiles can be effectively used in assessing the quality of food products such as flour.
Investigation of phytotoxic effects of fullerene С60 with the use of Allium-test
Authors: Buziashvili A. Yu. , Melnychuk O. V. , Prylutska S. V. , Yemets A. I.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To investigate the cytogenetic effects of water-soluble fullerene C60 with the use of Allium test. To study the influence of various concentrations of fullerene С60 on the morpho-physiological parameters of A. cepa. Methods. The influence of different concentrations of fullerene С60 (25–100 μg/ml) on the induction of root formation and their growth, as well as its cytogenetic effects on the meristematic cells of root apices, were investigated. Results. It was found that fullerene C60 at concentrations of 50 and 75 μg/ml induced root formation and stimulated root growth, though causing minor deformations. Also, it was shown that fullerene С60 disrupts the progression of various phases of mitosis in the meristematic cells of roots, along with the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations at all investigated concentrations. Conclusions. The cytogenetic effects of water-soluble fullerene C60 were investigated for the first time using the Allium-test. Both positive effects on the morphophysiological parameters of A. cepa and its genotoxicity were demonstrated, which could indicate the disruptions in the mechanisms of spindle formation.
Evolutionary potential and direction of evolution
Authors: Mikhyeyev O. M.
Published: October 2024

The article defines evolutionary potential as a reserve of resources (substrate, energy and information) of an evolving system and as something that can be «produced» by this system using available reserves under the influence of various factors. In relation to evolutionary processes, the evolutionary potential of the functioning (stability, tolerance) of the species and the evolutionary potential of its development are distinguished. From the point of view of the possibilities (potential) for a species to transition into a new form (new species), we should talk about pluripotent and unipotent (monopotent) species, which probably depends on the potential of the eco-niche occupied (or mastered) by the species. Polypotent species give rise to several species through divergence, and monopotent species are transformed into a new single species when the evolutionary branch does not split. The connection between evolutionary potential and evolutionary orientation is considered, which is proposed to be understood not only (and not so much) as the implementation of internal processes (mechanisms), but also as a consequence of the influence of external factors that adapt the organism “to itself.” The set of potential directions of variability may not contain the desired (adaptive) option. Attention is drawn to the fact that the element of chance to a certain extent neutralizes the nomogenetic character of evolution. On the other hand, the direction of evolution to a certain extent reduces evolutionary chaos, the success of which is most manifested in the cognitive evolution of Man.
A short historical essay on the development of biology
Authors: Piskun R. P. , Shkarupa V. M. , Grynchak N. M. , Sprut O. V. , Vasenko T. B.
Published: October 2024

The aim is to study the developmental stages of the science all living things – biology in the aspect on the concept of changes ideas about carriers of life: from the simplest to the most complex organism. Search-bibliographic and historical method, which allowed for determining the main steps in the chronological development of biology. Biology as a science was formed over the centuries in the ancient history of mankind thanks to efforts and achievements of the most outstanding scientists of different countries of the world. Scholars divide the history of the development of biology into several periods: heuristic or empirical, morphological or descriptive, microscopic, physiological and genetic. Such periodization is quite conditional. Separate periods sometimes coincide in time. Scientific discoveries that underlie this periodization at the same time, resulting in the parallel accumulation or relevant knowledge. The article present scientists who studied the biology of microorganisms, plants, fungi, animals, humans at all levels of their structural organization. The article reflects the history of the development of biology as a science in dates and names.
The induction of non-specific immunity of wheat by UV-C treatment and kojic acid as a biotic elicitor
Authors: Zhuk I. V. , Shylina Ju. V. , Kovbasenko R. V.
Published: October 2024

Aim. Plant protection needs a holistic approach and climate changes escalate the problems of important agricultures growing. The aim of our research was to induce the non-specific tolerance of wheat Triticum aestivum to pathogens by UV-C irradiation and kojic acid as a biotic elicitor. Methods. Seeds and plants of winter wheat cv Podolyanka were irradiated by Philips TUV 30 W lamp. The contamination was evaluated and phytopathogen identified. The plants of wheat cv Podolyanka were sprayed by 0.1 mM kojic acid water solution at the second leaf stage. During the experiments the ehdogenous hydrogen peroxide content and morphometric parameters of leaves and roots were measured. Results. It is demonstrated that the effectiveness of UV-C irradiation was more significant with lower doses, the optimal is between small doses with the stimulation influence and higher ones. It is shown that the hydrogen peroxide content in infected winter wheat leaves Triticum aestivum cv Podolyanka after this combination was high during the first days of experimental period and later stabilized. Conclusions. It is detected that combination of UV-C irradiation with kojic acid treatment maintained the plant growth and the development, accelerate their repair and decreased the damage made by phytopathogen Mucor sp.
Growth of shoots, ear and yield structure of winter wheat under drought
Authors: Zhuk O. I. , Stasik O. O.
Published: October 2024

Aim. The aim of the work was to study the growth of shoots, ears and the structure of the yield of bread winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought. Methods. Wheat plants cultivars Chigyrynka and Jamala were grown under optimal conditions until the earing-flowering phase, after that the experimental plants were transferred to drought regime for 8 days. Optimal water supply was restored to the end of vegetation. During the experiment, shoot growth and ear weight were measured during the experiment. Ripened plants were analyzed the yield structure. Results. It was established that the water deficit in the soil during the critical phase of the ontogeny of earing-flowering delayed the growth of shoots, decreased the weight of the ear grain productivity in both cultivars of plants. Restoration of irrigation stimulated growth of shoots and ears, but did not compensate for the loss of yield. Conclusions. Water deficit in soil in critical earing-flowering phase decreased shoots length, ears weight and productivity of winter wheat plants.
Breeding peculiarities of the manifestation of hemp fiberness signs
Authors: Laiko I. M. , Mishchenko S. V.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To establish the genetic features of the manifestation of signs of fibrousness and yield of stems, depending on growing conditions and harvesting periods. Methods. New methods were applied: "Method of evaluation of hemp plants for the presence of cannabinoids", "Method of evaluation of individual plants of monoecious hemp varieties by fiber content at the beginning of flowering", "Method of creation of hybrid breeding material of monoecious hemp". Results. It was established that the main conditions for obtaining the maximum amount of fiber and its quality indicators are the use of the late-ripening variety Hlukhivski 51, sowing with a feeding area of 15x5 cm, the diameter of the stems 6-8 mm, the sowing rate of 75 kg/ha (4.2 million pcs./ha) against the background of increased fertilization. Conclusions. The genetic features of the Hlukhivski 51 variety are high fibrousness and high yield of the stems, which are maximally manifested by observing the conditions of the feeding area of 15x5 cm, the sowing rate of 75 kg/ha (4.2 million pieces/ha) and the increased background of fertilization (N120P90K90). Expansion of the response of genotypes of late-ripening varieties to the level of dry biomass yield of 20 t/ha occurs with a feeding area of 50x5 and 50x10 cm and increased doses of N150P120K120 fertilizers. This can become the basis for the use of hemp for bioenergy purposes. When growing production crops for fiber in order to speed up harvesting, an important factor is the start of harvesting at an earlier time, and therefore we recommend growing two varieties of hemp: early-ripening (technical maturity occurs 2 weeks earlier than late-ripening varieties) and late-ripening varieties of hemp.
Celiac disease HLA-markers in men as a genetic component of idiopathic reproductive losses
Authors: Terpylyak O. I. , Zastavna D. V. , Sosnina K. O. , Filenko O. L.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To investigate distribution of HLA-DQ2.5 (HLA-DQA1*05:01 + HLA-DQB1*02) and HLA-DQ8 (HLA-DQB1*03:02) genotypes among men from couples with idiopathic reproductive losses. Methods. PCR-SSP (polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers). Results. An association of idiopathic reproductive losses with the carrier of DQ2.5 – the celiac disease predisposition genotype in men (χ2=6.79, P<0.01) was established. The OR indicator (odds ratio) proves that the risk of idiopathic reproductive losses in the presence of the DQ2.5 genotype in men increases 5 times. The results of the work indicate an equal contribution of men with the celiac genotype as a possible cause of reproductive losses of unknown origin. Conclusions. The study of HLA-markers of susceptibility to celiac disease in couples (both in women and in men) with reproductive losses of unknown origin is extremely important and of great practical importance for the purpose of preconceptional prevention of such losses.
Exploring plant growth promotion by actinomycetes from Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens rhizosphere
Authors: Kachor A. I. , Tistechok S. I. , Fedorenko V. О. , Gromyko О. М.
Published: October 2024

Aim. Actinomycetes are one of the main groups of rhizospheric bacteria involved in plant growth and health enhancement. This makes them promising candidates for the development of biopreparations in agriculture. The aim of this study was to explore the plant growth promoting actinobacteria isolated from P. viridiglaucescens rhizosphere. Methods. Standard microbiological and statistical methods were used. Results. 20 % of the isolates were found to be potentially capable of siderophore synthesis; 12 % – solubilized inorganic phosphorus; 26 % – assimilated atmospheric nitrogen; and 55 % – produced auxin-related substances. A significant part of the isolates produced auxin-related substances at a concentration of up to 20 μg/ml. The majority of isolates had at least one plant growth promoting property. However, among the actinomycetes, there were representatives that combined two or more properties. The strain Streptomyces sp. Pv 4-122.1 had a significant positive impact on the radish germination of the “Krakivianka” variety, while another actinomycete strain – Pv 4-204 – exhibited potential herbicidal activity. Conclusions. A significant part of the isolates has a high potential for the production of plant growth promoting compounds. Individual isolates can serve as the basis for biopreparations both to enhance plant growth and with herbicidal effects.
Accumulation of plastid pigments in the leaves Triticum avestium L. under influence of composite recultivant Trevitan®
Authors: Pyda S. V. , Dzendzel A. Yu.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To investigate the efficiency of using composite recultivants TREVITAN® (RCT) according to the parameters of accumulation of the photosynthetic pigments in the leaves Triticum aestivum L. of the varieties Quintus and Licamero. Methods. The experiments were carried out on the plots of the agro-biolaboratory of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University in 4 variants (Control, TREVITAN® adjuvant, recultivants TREVITAN®, TREVITAN® adjuvant + recultivants TREVITAN®) and 3 repetitions. The content of chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids in flag leaves was defined by Welburn spectrometric method. Results. The highest content of chlorophylls was found in the leaves of both varieties of wheat in the phases of flowering and milk ripeness during autumn tillage, seeds before sowing and plants in the earing phase with recultivants TREVITAN®. Joint use of TREVITAN® adjuvant + recultivants TREVITAN® also significantly increased the content of chlorophyll in wheat leaves. Increase of carotenoids in the leaves of plants of all experimental variants on 4.2–14.6 % (variety Quintus) and on 43.2–59.5 % (variety Licamero) was defined in the phase of milk ripeness. Conclusions. The use of RCT in the technology of growing soft wheat had a significant impact on the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments in leaves during the generative phases of development.
DNA methylation in plant adaptation to changing environment
Authors: Kordyum E. L. , Dubyna D. V.
Published: October 2024

The article presents a mini review of the current and updated, significantly expanded in recent decades information on DNA methylation changes in plant responses to unfavorable environmental factors, which allows it to consider as ecological epigenetics (eco-epi). Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is considered as the main source of adaptive phenotypic plasticity. We emphasize a great potential of further studies of the epigenetic regulatory systems in phenotypic plasticity of a wide range of non-model species in natural populations and agrocenoses for our advanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant existence in the changing environment and thus for forecasting the effects of global climate changes on biodiversity and crop yield. Specific taxa of the Ukrainian flora which, in authors’ opinion, are promising and interesting for this type of research, are recommended.
"Watch Me"
Authors: Brøndal Jørn
Published: October 2024

At age eighty-one, Joe Biden is the oldest president in U.S. history. Donald Trump, his predecessor, held the same status during his term in office. When the next chief executive is inaugurated on January 20, 2025, Biden will be eightytwo years old and Trump seventy-eight. Whoever wins will be the oldest president in history. No wonder that age figures prominently in the presidential election campaign of 2024.
Ryd op i brugere med specifikke roller
Authors: Fogtmann-Schulz Alexandra
Published: October 2024

Følg denne vejledning, hvis du vil se en liste over brugere i en bestemt rolle på dit tidsskrift, og hvis du vil fjerne en rolle fra en bruger.
Pour une pragmatique de l’éthos intime. Le cas des journaux de Benjamin Constant
Authors: Roulin Jean-Marie
Published: October 2024

Cet article appréhende la constitution de l’éthos intime dans les journaux personnels en prenant la pleine mesure de ce que Michel Foucault a appelé les « techniques / technologies du rapport à soi », ou « la pragmatique de soi ». Son attention se porte sur les pratiques réelles de l’écriture du journal, engageant le corps du diariste, comme le montrent les Journaux intimes que Benjamin Constant a tenus entre 1804 et 1816. En revenant aux manuscrits et en s’appuyant sur les énoncés métadiaristiques, on observe ces pratiques à travers l’engagement de trois parties du corps : la jambe, liée à la mobilité du cahier, en tension avec une quête de stabilité et de continuité ; la main qui trace les signes, soumise à l’alphabet et s’en libérant ; l’oeil qui lit, ouvrant un regard panoramique et réflexif sur les faits consignés dans le journal. Trois parties qui mettent en relief le rôle de la technique du rapport à soi chez Constant dans la constitution d’un éthos spécifique.
L’utopie intime dans le Journal de Jules Michelet. Éthopoiétique d’un imaginaire
Authors: Byrd Ian
Published: October 2024

Pour Jules Michelet, l’intime loge dans le rapport des individus à l’histoire universelle, pensée comme un processus d’autocréation collective. Cet article rend compte de la gestation de cette conception paradoxale de l’intime, elle-même issue d’un dispositif « éthopoiétique », actif entre les années 1830 et 1850 comme en témoigne le Journal de l’historien. Destiné à éveiller l’humanité à sa mission autopoiétique, l’éthos intime de l’historien prétend indiquer le chemin à suivre pour créer un nouvel imaginaire social. Quelle que soit sa faisabilité, ce projet a le mérite d’actualiser les aspirations utopiques de l’intime, qui demeurent virtuelles lorsque l’horizon de cet imaginaire se cantonne à la vie privée et au for intérieur. Alors que le discours sur l’intime s’imprègne encore des relents platoniciens en flagrante contradiction avec l’espoir de transformation sociale dont cet objet a été investi, le cas de Michelet offre une occasion opportune de dépasser cette situation aliénante en redéfinissant la notion en termes de poièsis.
L’écriture du deuil et de la nature dans le « Journal du Bord du Lac » d’Alfred DesRochers (1966-1967)
Authors: Bernier Stéphanie
Published: October 2024

Le poète Alfred DesRochers (1901-1978) a tenu un journal intime de 1966 à 1976. Ses cahiers décrivent son quotidien au bord du lac Clair, dans les Laurentides, et du fleuve Saint-Laurent, à l’hôtel du Vieux Prince de Ville de Sainte-Catherine. Inédit, ce texte peut être lu comme un journal de deuil qui accompagne et participe à la genèse du dernier recueil publié par DesRochers, en hommage à son épouse Rose-Alma Brault décédée en 1964, Élégies pour l’épouse en-allée (1967). Le cadre de l’écriture donne lieu à une poétique qui se forge à même l’expérience de la nature, ancrant le journal dans le nature writing. La rencontre avec l’altérité, qu’elle soit liée à la mort ou à la nature, façonne l’éthos intime du diariste. Première étude consacrée à ce journal, cet article se penche sur les deux premières années de sa rédaction en s’appuyant sur les travaux d’Isabelle Galichon sur l’éthos intime et ceux de Maïté Snauwaert sur le journal de deuil.
L’ambiance du virtuel dans Congo Inc. Le testament de Bismarck d’In Koli Jean Bofane
Authors: Buekens Sara
Published: October 2024

Nous nous intéressons à la façon dont In Koli Jean Bofane, dans Congo Inc. Le Testament de Bismarck (2014), met en scène l’ambiance d’un environnement congolais postcolonial marqué par un désir profond de progrès, où l’interaction avec certains supports technologiques exerce une influence sur la relation de l’humain avec son environnement et la façon dont il le conçoit. Les jeux vidéo font naître dans ce roman un « réalisme virtuel » : le personnage se plonge dans un univers parallèle de façon si immersive que le regard qu’il pose sur son milieu s’en trouve fondamentalement modifié. Il en résulte une forme d’ambiance particulière qui se situe à la frontière du concret et du virtuel, du matériel et de l’invisible, du physique et du cognitif.
The replication principle revisited: a shared functional organization between pulvinar-cortical and cortico-cortical connectivity and its structural and molecular imaging correlates
Authors: Basile Gianpaolo Antonio , Ielo Augusto , Bonanno Lilla , Cerasa Antonio , Santoro Giuseppe , Milardi Demetrio , Anastasi Giuseppe Pio , Torre Ambra , Baldari Sergio , Laudicella Riccardo , Gaeta Michele , Quartu Marina , Serra Maria Pina , Trucas Marcello , Quartarone Angelo , Saranathan Manojkumar , Cacciola Alberto
Published: October 2024

The pulvinar, the largest nucleus in the human thalamus, is a complex, highly interconnected structure. Through a dense, organized network of cortical and subcortical areas, it provides adequate cooperation between neural systems, which is crucial for multiple high-order functions such as perception, visuospatial attention, and emotional processing. Such a central role is made possible by a precise internal topographical organization, which is mirrored by anatomical connections as well as by the expression of neurochemical markers. While being traditionally subdivided into sub-nuclei, each characterized by distinct connectional and morphological features, recent studies in both primate and human brains have highlighted that this topographical organization only marginally aligns with the conventional histological subdivision. Instead, it has been delineated in the context of continuous gradients of cortical connections along the dorsoventral and mediolateral axes. While this multi-gradient organization has been extensively documented in primate models, it remains relatively underexplored in the human brain. The present work combines high-quality, multi-modal structural and functional imaging data with a recently published whole-brain, large-scale, positron emission tomography (PET) atlas detailing 19 neurotransmitters and receptors distributed across the human brain. By applying diffusion embedding analysis to tractography, functional connectivity, and receptor coexpression data, we identify and characterize multiple topographically organized gradients of structural connections, functional coactivation, and molecular binding patterns. We demonstrate that such gradients converge on a shared representation along the dorsoventral and mediolateral axes of the human pulvinar. This representation aligns with transitions in both structural and functional connectivity, spanning from lower-level to higher-order cortical regions. Moreover, it is paralleled by gradual changes in the expression of molecular markers associated with key neuromodulator systems, including serotoninergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and opioid systems. We contend that our findings mark a significant stride towards a more comprehensive understanding of pulvinar anatomy and function, providing a nuanced characterization of its role in health and disease.
AgRP1 modulates breeding season-dependent feeding behavior in female medaka
Authors: Tagui Yurika , Takeda Shingo , Waida Hiroyo , Kitahara Shoichi , Kimura Tomoki , Kanda Shinji , Oka Yoshitaka , Hayashi Yu , Umatani Chie
Published: October 2024

Feeding and reproduction are known to be closely correlated with each other, and the seasonal breeders show breeding season-dependent feeding behavior. However, most model animals do not have definite breeding seasonality, and the mechanisms for such feeding behavior remain unclear. Here, we focused on female medaka (
Oryzias latipes
); they show breeding season-dependent feeding behavior, and their condition of breeding season can be experimentally controlled by day-length. We first demonstrated that, among previously reported feeding-related peptides (neuropeptides involved in feeding), agouti-related peptide 1 (
agrp1
) and neuropeptide y b (
npyb
) show higher brain expression under the breeding condition than under the non-breeding one. Combined with analysis of
agrp1
knockout medaka, we obtained results to suggest that long day-induced sexually mature condition, especially ovarian estrogenic signals, increase the expressions of
agrp1
in the brain, which results in increased food intake to promote reproduction. Our findings advance the understanding of neural mechanisms of feeding behavior for reproductive success.
An anciently diverged family of RNA binding proteins maintain correct splicing of a class of ultra-long exons through cryptic splice site repression
Authors: Siachisumo Chileleko , Luzzi Sara , Aldalaqan Saad , Hysenaj Gerald , Dalgliesh Caroline , Cheung Kathleen , Gazzara Matthew R , Yonchev Ivaylo D , James Katherine , Kheirollahi Chadegani Mahsa , Ehrmann Ingrid E , Smith Graham R , Cockell Simon J , Munkley Jennifer , Wilson Stuart A , Barash Yoseph , Elliott David J
Published: October 2024

Previously, we showed that the germ cell-specific nuclear protein RBMXL2 represses cryptic splicing patterns during meiosis and is required for male fertility (Ehrmann et al., 2019). Here, we show that in somatic cells the similar yet ubiquitously expressed RBMX protein has similar functions. RBMX regulates a distinct class of exons that exceed the median human exon size. RBMX protein-RNA interactions are enriched within ultra-long exons, particularly within genes involved in genome stability, and repress the selection of cryptic splice sites that would compromise gene function. The RBMX gene is silenced during male meiosis due to sex chromosome inactivation. To test whether RBMXL2 might replace the function of RBMX during meiosis we induced expression of RBMXL2 and the more distantly related RBMY protein in somatic cells, finding each could rescue aberrant patterns of RNA processing caused by RBMX depletion. The C-terminal disordered domain of RBMXL2 is sufficient to rescue proper splicing control after RBMX depletion. Our data indicate that RBMX and RBMXL2 have parallel roles in somatic tissues and the germline that must have been conserved for at least 200 million years of mammalian evolution. We propose RBMX family proteins are particularly important for the splicing inclusion of some ultra-long exons with increased intrinsic susceptibility to cryptic splice site selection.
A Deep Learning Pipeline for Mapping in situ Network-level Neurovascular Coupling in Multi-photon Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Rozak Matthew , Mester James , Attarpour Ahmadreza , Dorr Adrienne , Patel Shruti , Koletar Margaret , Hill Mary , McLaurin JoAnne , Goubran Maged , Stefanovic Bojana
Published: October 2024

Functional hyperaemia is a well-established hallmark of healthy brain function, whereby local brain blood flow adjusts in response to a change in the activity of the surrounding neurons. Although functional hyperemia has been extensively studied at the level of both tissue and individual vessels, vascular network-level coordination remains largely unknown. To bridge this gap, we developed a deep learning-based computational pipeline that uses two-photon fluorescence microscopy images of cerebral microcirculation to enable automated reconstruction and quantification of the geometric changes across the microvascular network, comprising hundreds of interconnected blood vessels, pre and post-activation of the neighbouring neurons. The pipeline’s utility was demonstrated in the Thy1-ChR2 optogenetic mouse model, where we observed network-wide vessel radius changes to depend on the photostimulation intensity, with both dilations and constrictions occurring across the cortical depth, at an average of 16.1±14.3 μm (mean±stddev) away from the most proximal neuron for dilations; and at 21.9±14.6 μm away for constrictions. We observed a significant heterogeneity of the vascular radius changes within vessels, with radius adjustment varying by an average of 24 ± 28% of the resting diameter, likely reflecting the heterogeneity of the distribution of contractile cells on the vessel walls. A graph theory-based network analysis revealed that the assortativity of adjacent blood vessel responses rose by 152 ± 65% at 4.3 mW/mm
2
of blue photostimulation
vs.
the control, with a 4% median increase in the efficiency of the capillary networks during this level of blue photostimulation in relation to the baseline. Interrogating individual vessels is thus not sufficient to predict how the blood flow is modulated in the network. Our computational pipeline, to be made openly available, enables tracking of the microvascular network geometry over time, relating caliber adjustments to vessel wall-associated cells’ state, and mapping network-level flow distribution impairments in experimental models of disease.
The sperm hook in house mice: a functional adaptation for migration and self-organised behaviour
Authors: Ryu Heungjin , Nam Kibum , Lee Byeong Eun , Jeong Yundon , Lee Seunghun , Kim Jeongmo , Hyun Young-Min , Kim Jae-Ick , Park Jung-Hoon
Published: October 2024

In most murine species, spermatozoa exhibit a falciform apical hook at the head end. The function of the sperm hook is not yet clearly understood. In this study, we investigate the role of the sperm hook in the migration of spermatozoa through the female reproductive tract in
Mus musculus
(C57BL/6), using a deep tissue imaging custom-built two-photon microscope. Through live reproductive tract imaging, we found evidence indicating that the sperm hook aids in the attachment of spermatozoa to the epithelium and facilitates interactions between spermatozoa and the epithelium during migration in the uterus and oviduct. We also observed synchronised sperm beating, which resulted from the spontaneous unidirectional rearrangement of spermatozoa in the uterus. Based on live imaging of spermatozoa-epithelium interaction dynamics, we propose that the sperm hook plays a crucial role in successful migration through the female reproductive tract by providing anchor-like mechanical support and facilitating interactions between spermatozoa and the female reproductive tract in the house mouse.
Endogenous oligomer formation underlies DVL2 condensates and promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Ntourmas Senem , Sachs Martin , Paclíková Petra , Brückner Martina , Bryja Vítĕzslav , Behrens Jürgen , Bernkopf Dominic B
Published: October 2024

Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway crucially depends on polymerization of dishevelled 2 (DVL2) into biomolecular condensates. However, given the low affinity of known DVL2 self-interaction sites and its low cellular concentration it is unclear how polymers can form. Here, we detect oligomeric DVL2 complexes at endogenous protein levels, using a biochemical ultracentrifugation assay. We identify a low-complexity region (LCR4) in the C-terminus whose deletion and fusion decreased and increased the complexes, respectively. Notably, LCR4-induced complexes correlated with the formation of microscopically visible multimeric condensates. Adjacent to LCR4, we mapped a conserved domain (CD2) promoting condensates only. Molecularly, LCR4 and CD2 mediated DVL2 self-interaction via aggregating residues and phenylalanine stickers, respectively. Point mutations inactivating these interaction sites impaired Wnt pathway activation by DVL2. Our study discovers DVL2 complexes with functional importance for Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, we provide evidence that DVL2 condensates form in two steps by pre-oligomerization via high-affinity interaction sites, such as LCR4, and subsequent condensation via low-affinity interaction sites, such as CD2.
Media Literacy in Times of Crisis
Authors: Carenzio Alessandra , Ferrari Simona , Pasta Stefano
Published: October 2024

The contemporary younger generation is facing a multitude of changes and adversities stemming from prevalent political, military, and pandemic crises that have garnered substantial attention in the media. In light of these circumstances, Media Literacy and critical thinking are paramount in navigating the influx of information and discerning veracity from misinformation. The rationale behind selecting this demographic as the focal point lies in the discernible trend wherein young individuals often peruse news content on their mobile devices with minimal contemplation, relying exclusively on social media platforms devoid of journalistic filtration. As delineated by various investigations, this juncture in their lives is pivotal to cultivating critical thinking skills. Such skills empower the youth to engage in autonomous thought processes, make informed decisions, and assess the repercussions of their actions. The contribution presents the outcomes of the interviews conducted in Italy, Spain, and Portugal within the project YO-MEDIA on Media Literacy in times of crisis, addressing the attention of educators, teachers, stakeholders, and journalists.
ESPAÇOS, ENCONTROS E BURBURINHOS SOBRE FORMAÇÃO LITERÁRIA:
Authors: Chagas Lilane Maria de Moura , Silva Cleber Fabiano , Mohr Adriane Forster
Published: October 2024

Objetiva-se apresentar um recorte da 60ª edição da Feira do Livro Infantil de Bolonha (2023), que reúne diversos profissionais do universo livreiro. Assim, buscamos dialogar sobre as possibilidades de educação literária e de formação de leitores em espaços não institucionais. Como procedimento metodológico, realizamos entrevistas com autores, ilustradores e tradutores, nas quais se revelam impressões, tendências e concepções sobre o livro e seus elementos constitutivos: promoção e circulação da leitura, leitor literário e a própria feira.  Disso resultam nossas considerações, segundo as quais a feira funciona como esse lugar repleto de discursos acerca da literatura e seus elementos: texto verbal e visual, linguagens, tradução, repertório, intercâmbio, ou seja, trata-se de uma rica oportunidade para todo professor/mediador de leitura.
PROJETOS DE LEITURA LITERÁRIA EM CAXIAS DO SUL (2014 A 2022):
Authors: Lia Cristine Fortes , Aleknovic Milena
Published: October 2024

O presente trabalho investiga os projetos de leitura literária desenvolvidos com crianças na cidade de Caxias do Sul de 2014 a 2022 e sua contribuição na formação de leitores na infância. Estabeleceu-se como objetivo geral analisar os projetos de leituras literárias destinados a crianças, desenvolvidos na cidade, enfocando a influência e a relevância na formação dos leitores crianças. Para isso, este artigo conta com pesquisa de análise de dados (a partir de documentos oriundos dos projetos) e bibliográfica, investigando o tema a partir de autores como Agostinho (2004), Brenman (2012), Candido (1983) e Petit (2019; 2010), entre outros. Nesse ínterim, para investigar e analisar os projetos de leitura para a composição desta investigação, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo proposta por Martin W. Bauer e George Gaskell (2011).
LITERATURA INDÍGENA MACUXI JUNTO A DISCENTES NÃO INDÍGENAS:
Authors: France Sineide Albuquerque do Nascimento , Costa-Maciel Débora Amorim Gomes da
Published: October 2024

Neste estudo, refletimos sobre a leitura da literatura indígena do povo Macuxi junto a discentes não indígenas matriculados em uma turma do 6º ano de uma escola pública da Zona da Mata pernambucana. Em sintonia com a Lei nº 11.645, de 10 de março de 2008, oportunizamos aos/às estudantes o acesso as obras, A onça e o fogo (Kaikusiya moroopai apo’) e O Jabuti e a Onça (Kaikusiya moroopai wayamuriya), organizada por McDonnell Ronald (2011), a partir da vivência que emergiu de uma sequência didática básica. Fundamentadas em uma pesquisa aplicada, coletamos e analisamos os dados sob a lente qualitativa. Assim, concluímos que foram mobilizadas estratégias para que os/as alunos/as percebessem e compreendessem as especificidades da Literatura Indígena.
AS DISCUSSÕES SOBRE O LIVRO DE IMAGENS NO CENÁRIO DA LITERATURA INFANTIL
Authors: Naves Ludmila Magalhães , Goulart Ilsa do Carmo Vieira
Published: October 2024

Compreende-se que a atividade de leitura, não é percebida apenas como um ato de decifração de palavras e frases, mas como um processo ativo de construção do significado do texto. É neste viés teórico que as ilustrações dos livros recebem outra compreensão linguística e passam a ser concebidas como algo além de complemento do texto escrito, entendidas então como linguagem visual, por constituírem um modo de interlocução e interação do sujeito com a obra. Nesse sentido, este texto objetiva apontar as representações relativas à temática livro de imagem que permeiam algumas produções acadêmicas. Para tanto, recorre-se às principais discussões teóricas sobre as ilustrações de livros de literatura infantil a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, com base nos estudos sobre livros de imagens de Sipe (2010), Linden (2011), Ramos (2013), Nikolajeva e Scott (2011), nos estudos sobre relações discursivas de Bakhtin (2003), entre outros autores que discutem as temáticas.
PLANO NACIONAL DE LEITURA (PNL) DE PORTUGAL
Authors: Monteiro Maria Iolanda
Published: October 2024

A investigação objetiva o estudo da implementação do Plano Nacional de Leitura (PNL) de Portugal e de seu incentivo para a promoção da leitura. Para a realização da mesma, decidiu-se pela utilização de pesquisa exploratória com o exame do conteúdo de pesquisas das instituições portuguesas sobre o PNL, o qual engloba as duas edições da política (2006 e 2017). 26 instituições foram investigadas pelo portal Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal. A análise das pesquisas revelou a importância que o PNL tem para garantir as práticas de leitura e a continuidade dos projetos de ação nas próximas ofertas da política. Os dados mostram o compromisso do Ministério da Educação, em articulação com o Ministério da Cultura e o Gabinete do Ministro dos Assuntos Parlamentares de Portugal, de desenvolver literacia e práticas de leitura comprometidas com a formação da cidadania.