bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melding Boolean networks and reaction systems under synchronous, asynchronous and most permissive semantics
Authors: Bruni Roberto , Gori Roberta , Milazzo Paolo , Siboulet Hélène
Published: July 2024

This paper forges a strong connection between two well known computational frameworks for representing biological systems, in order to facilitate the seamless transfer of techniques between them. Boolean networks are a well established formalism employed from biologists. They have been studied under different (synchronous and asynchronous) update semantics, enabling the observation and characterisation of distinct facets of system behaviour. Recently, a new semantics for Boolean networks has been proposed, called most permissive semantics, that enables a more faithful representation of biological phenomena. Reaction systems offer a streamlined formalism inspired by biochemical reactions in living cells. Reaction systems support a full range of analysis techniques that can help for gaining deeper insights into the underlying biological phenomena. Our goal is to leverage the available toolkit for predicting and comprehending the behaviour of reaction systems within the realm of Boolean networks. In this paper, we first extend the behaviour of reaction systems to several asynchronous semantics, including the most permissive one, and then we demonstrate that Boolean networks and reaction systems exhibit isomorphic behaviours under the synchronous, general/fully asynchronous and most permissive semantics.
Ciliopathies are responsible for short stature and insulin resistance: A systematic review of this clinical association regarding SOFT syndrome
Authors: Perge Kevin , Capel Emilie , Senée Valérie , Julier Cécile , Vigouroux Corinne , Nicolino Marc
Published: July 2024

SOFT syndrome (Short stature-Onychodysplasia-Facial dysmorphism-hypoTrichosis) is a rare primordial dwarfism syndrome caused by biallelic variants in POC1A encoding a centriolar protein. To refine the phenotypic spectrum of SOFT syndrome, recently shown to include metabolic features, we conducted a systematic review of all published cases (19 studies, including 42 patients). The SOFT tetrad affected only 24 patients (57%), while all cases presented with short stature from birth (median height: -5.5SDS([-8.5]-[-2.8])/adult height: 132.5 cm(103.5–148)), which was most often disproportionate (90.5%), with relative macrocephaly. Bone involvement resulted in short hands and feet (100%), brachydactyly (92.5%), metaphyseal (92%) or epiphyseal (84%) anomalies, and/or sacrum/pelvis hypoplasia (58%). Serum IGF-I was increased (median IGF-I level: + 2 SDS ([-0.5]-[+ 3])). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy was stopped for absence/poor growth response (7/9 patients, 78%) and/or hyperglycemia (4/9 patients, 45%). Among 11 patients evaluated, 10 (91%) presented with central distribution of fat (73%), clinical (64%) and/or biological insulin resistance (IR) (100%, median HOMA-IR: 18), dyslipidemia (80%), and hepatic steatosis (100%). Glucose tolerance abnormalities affected 58% of patients aged over 10 years. Patients harbored biallelic missense (52.4%) or truncating (45.2%) POC1A variants. Biallelic null variants, affecting 36% of patients, were less frequently associated with the SOFT tetrad (33% vs 70% respectively, p = 0.027) as compared to other variants, without difference in the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities. POC1A should be sequenced in children with short stature, altered glucose/insulin homeostasis and/or centripetal fat distribution. In patients with SOFT syndrome, rhGH treatment is not indicated, and IR-related complications should be regularly screened and monitored.

PROSPERO registration: CRD42023460876.
The Effects of Designing Scientific Experiments with Visual Programming Language on Learning Outcomes
Authors: Kalemkuş Jale , Kalemkuş Fatih
Published: July 2024

When the studies on the effectiveness of visual programming language are examined, it is seen that studies on coding teaching have been carried out frequently recently. In this study, Scratch was used as a teaching tool in teaching science lessons. In this way, a new perspective has been brought to Scratch applications. In the related study, the effects of designing science experiments with visual programming language (Scratch) on students’ beliefs of self-efficacy related to computational thinking (CT) skills, metacognitive awareness levels, and motivation levels for science learning are examined. This study was carried out using a single-group research design based on pretest and posttest applications. Students attending the fifth grade participated in this study. Sixty-five students attending the fifth grade participated in the research. Research data were obtained using “Self-Efficacy Perception Scale for CT Skills (SEP_CTS),” “Metacognitive Awareness Scale (MAS),” and “Motivation Scale for Science Learning (MSSL).” The research process is 10 weeks and 3 days in total. It was determined that designing science experiments in visual programming language applications based on Scratch improved students’ CT self-efficacy perceptions, but did not have the expected effect on students’ science learning motivation and metacognitive awareness. This research provides evidence that some skills can be improved by using Scratch as a teaching tool in different courses. With the focus of research on this subject, it can contributed to the development of new understandings of Scratch in teaching processes.
Inequality Belief Systems: What They Look Like, How to Study Them, and Why They Matter
Authors: Bertero Arturo , Franetovic Gonzalo , Mijs Jonathan J. B.
Published: July 2024

This paper purports to enrich the burgeoning field of research on the content of people’s beliefs about inequality by studying the structure of these beliefs. We develop a theoretical and methodological framework that combines Correlational Class Analysis and Exploratory Graph Analysis, and we test it empirically with original survey data collected in the United States and the Netherlands (n = 2,501 and 1,618). Using CCA, we identify groups of individuals who share construals of inequality, while EGA allows us to model these structures as inequality belief systems, which are networks of perceptions, explanations and attitudes about inequality. Results reveal the presence of two distinct belief systems in each country. These systems exhibit structural differences and are related to different sociodemographic factors in the U.S. and the Netherlands. Moreover, we show that inequality belief systems are more socially patterned in the former country. Finally, we demonstrate that belief systems, in both countries, are associated with different levels of support for redistribution. We discuss the significance of our findings for the politics of inequality and stress that overlooking attitudinal structures impedes a full understanding of people’s views on inequality and their support for redistribution.
The Complexity of Co-Generative Learning Between University and Regional Actors
Authors: Karlsen James
Published: July 2024

This article reflects on the complexity of co-generative learning processes between a university and regional actors, drawing on the author’s experience facilitating an action research course. The course engages students in collaborating with regional practitioners on real-life territorial development challenges. Through glimpses into the co-generation process from student exam papers, the article highlights the challenges students face in navigating ambiguity and complexity when exposed to real-life territorial issues. Concepts such as regional complexity, Bildung, interiority, and democratic dialogue are used to analyze how structured reflection and facilitation through participation with regional actors can enhance students’ critical capacities for reflection and action. The main theoretical contribution is extending the concept of co-generative learning of Morten Levin and action research for territorial development by integrating students as reflective, facilitative actors in educational and regional development processes. Action research for territorial development provides a framework for accompanying the social transformations needed to address complex challenges. The article shows that by engaging in real-life issues through participatory, reflective processes, students develop crucial skills for facilitating collective territorial development efforts. Despite limitations related to geographic context and the course structure, the insights gained offer valuable implications for applying Levin’s legacy in other contexts.
Plain alethic pluralism: the human face of truth
Authors: Dell’Utri Massimo
Published: July 2024

Within the secular and still ongoing discussion about truth, what is by now known as alethic pluralism has proved to be one of the most interesting proposals advanced in the field. Indeed, from the last decade of the last century onwards, the field of theories about truth has been enriched with the idea that truth is not only one but also many—many alethically potent properties that differently characterise different domains of discourse. Moreover, thirty or so years of discussions have also shown that alethic pluralism itself is many rather than one—a family of views with different metaphysical commitments. As it may happen in all good families, though, some members are neglected or overshadowed. This is the case with the view called “simple alethic pluralism”, and this paper seeks to remedy this. Accordingly, a new kind of simple alethic pluralism (termed “Plain Alethic Pluralism”) is advanced. It highlights the features of the meaning of the word “true”, in particular its focal meaning, while reaffirming the dependence of truth on the world. In drawing attention to the way speakers use the truth-predicate, making it acquire the meaning it has, it intends to qualify as a conception of truth with a human face.
Effect of Clinician Posture on Patient Perceptions of Communication in the Inpatient Setting: A Systematic Review
Authors: Houchens Nathan , Engle Jason M. , Palanjian Rita , Saint Sanjay , Townsend Whitney A. , Nasrallah Mariam , Gupta Ashwin
Published: July 2024

Background

Nonverbal communication plays a pivotal role in the provision of effective patient care and has been associated with important patient health outcomes. Clinician posture, a nonverbal form of communication, may influence the patient experience and satisfaction. The relationship between clinician posture (i.e., standing or at the patient’s eye level) and patient perceptions of clinician communication in the hospital—a setting with heightened power dynamics between patient and clinician—is currently unknown.

Methods

We conducted searches of Ovid MEDLINE, EBSCO CINAHL Complete, EBSCO PsycInfo, Elsevier Embase/Embase Classic, Elsevier Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection up to May 2023. English language studies were included if they compared clinician posture (eye-level or standing) during adult inpatient (including emergency department) interactions. Two authors independently abstracted data from included studies and assessed risk of bias or quality of evidence. A third author arbitrated any disagreements. Studies reported adherence to the posture intervention and/or patient perception outcomes. The latter included encounter duration, preferences for posture type, perceptions of interaction quality and clinician communication and compassion, and standardized assessments of patient satisfaction.

Results

Fourteen studies (six randomized controlled trials, four quasi-experimental studies, four observational studies) assessed clinician posture at the bedside. Ten noted at least one favorable outcome for clinicians who communicated at the patient’s eye level, three revealed no differences in patient perceptions between standing and sitting, and one noted higher patient ratings for standing clinicians. Findings were limited by variation in interventions and outcomes, generally high risk of bias, and relatively low adherence to assigned posture groups.

Discussion

Compared to standing, eye-level communication by clinicians appears beneficial. The magnitude and types of benefits clinicians and patients may gain from this behavior remain unclear given heterogeneity and generally high risk of bias in available studies. With its relatively easy implementation and potential for benefit, clinicians should consider communicating with their hospitalized patients at eye level.

Registration

PROSPERO, CRD42020199817.
The CD44s Isoform is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Craniopharyngioma Recurrence in Children
Authors: Bajdak-Rusinek K. , Diak N. , Gutmajster E. , Fus-Kujawa A. , Ciupińska M. , Kalina-Faska B. , Trybus A. , Grajek M. , Kalina M. , Mandera M.
Published: July 2024

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is an intracranial tumor considered partly malignant due to its ability to infiltrate surrounding structures and tendency to relapse despite radical resection. CD44 is a known stem cell marker in ACP and is upregulated in cell clusters of invasive ACP protrusions; however, the functions of its alternative splicing isoform variants, CD44s and CD44v1-10, have not yet been studied in terms of ACP recurrence, despite their confirmed roles in cancer development and progression. In this study, we first confirmed the difference in total CD44 expression between samples from patients who experienced relapse and those from patients who did not. Moreover, our findings showed that, in recurrent samples, the predominant isoform expressed was CD44s, which might indicate its significance in predicting ACP recurrence. The association between increased CD44 expression and recurrence may lead to the development of prognostic markers of ACP aggressiveness and relapse potential; however, further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanism of CD44 expression.
Perceptions of journal editors on the use of eponyms in anatomical publishing: the need for compromise
Authors: Bacci Nicholas , Hutchinson Erin , Kramer Beverley , Billings Brendon Kurt
Published: July 2024

While arguments have been made both for and against the value of anatomical eponyms, limited research exists regarding their use by anatomists. As the editors of the principal international anatomy journals have purview and control of terminology in anatomical journals, their perceptions regarding the relevance, ethics and inclusivity of eponym use in anatomy and in publishing in anatomical journals were investigated. A validated, confidential and anonymized self-administered questionnaire which included open-ended questions was distributed to the 22 Editor-in-Chiefs/Senior Editors of anatomical journals. Of the 16 (73%) editors who responded to the survey, only 56% were aware that eponyms had been censured since the time of the 1895 Nomina Anatomica. The majority of responding editors found the use of Latin- and Greek-derived terms more valuable when communicating with students and peers, but also thought eponyms were acceptable in manuscripts submitted to their journals. Thirteen (81%) of the responding editors agreed that eponyms play a vital role in the history of anatomy, and some thought they were important for discussing bioethics concepts. However, 62.5% felt that there were valid reasons for their discontinuation. Half of the respondents did not consider the continued use of eponyms an ethical concern. Responding editors of anatomical journals prefer the use of Latin- and Greek- derived terms when interacting with other anatomists and students. However, the continued use of eponyms was seen as an important opportunity for discussion on the history and ethics of anatomy.
Prevalence of Tetranychus urticae Koch and T. turkestani (Ugarov & Nikolskii) (Acari: Tetranychidae) and their endosymbiotic bacteria in cotton fields of Aydin, Türkiye
Authors: Yüksel Fettah Çağrı , Özyılmaz Ümit , Mahdavi Sayed Mosayeb , Kazak Cengiz , Ay Recep , Çevik Bayram , Saboori Alireza , Cakmak Ibrahim
Published: July 2024

Spider mites are important pests of cotton, a vital fiber crop cultivated in sun-drenched regions. This study investigated the prevalence and distribution of spider mite species infesting cotton fields in Aydin province, Türkiye. Spider mites were found in a significant portion (89%) of the surveyed fields. The two most abundant mite species, were the red form (RF) of Tetranychus urticae (57.1%) and T. turkestani (39.3%). A minor presence of T. urticae green form (GF) (3.6%) was observed. Tetranychus urticae RF was more prevalent in coastal areas, while T. turkestani was more common inland. Field surveys demonstrated that areas with higher T. urticae RF prevalence exhibited more frequent spraying, potentially due to this species’ greater capacity to develop resistance compared to T. turkestani. This study also investigated the prevalence of Wolbachia, Rickettsia, Cardinium and Spiroplasma endosymbionts, which are linked with pesticide resistance due to their ability to degrade pesticides, in these mite populations. The study confirmed the presence of Wolbachia and Rickettsia endosymbionts in spider mite populations in Türkiye. However, no Cardinium or Spiroplasma were detected in any of the populations. Infection rates of the detected endosymbionts differed between T. urticae and T. turkestani. Future studies should investigate the resistance levels of these tetranychid mite species as well as the role of their endosymbiotic bacteria in resistance in cotton-growing areas.
Mindful Non-Judging and Posttraumatic Reactions in Police Academy Cadets: A Path Analysis
Authors: Chopko Brian A. , Adams Richard E. , Davis Jeremy , Pelger Terri L. , Palmieri Patrick A.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Dispositional mindfulness has been associated with lower posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other negative health symptoms in the police population. Of the various mindfulness facets (i.e., non-judging, observing, describing, acting with awareness), non-judging has been demonstrated to be the strongest predictor of lower PTSD symptoms in police academy cadets. The mechanisms by which non-judging may lead to enhanced health outcomes in police officers are poorly understood and require further investigation.

Method

The purpose of the current study was to test a model involving a pathway from pre-trauma mindful non-judging to PTSD symptoms and ultimately posttraumatic growth (PTG) that is mediated by worldviews in a sample of police academy cadets (n = 379). Data were collected via a survey packet distributed at a police academy located in a Southern state of the United States. We examined the relationships among demographic factors, adverse child events, negative life events, mindful non-judgment, world assumptions, PTSD, and PTG using path analysis.

Results

The results indicated that positive worldviews served as a mediator between dispositional mindful non-judging and lower PTSD symptoms, which ultimately led to lower PTG.

Conclusions

These findings have important implications for the selection and training of police academy cadets with the goal of increasing resilience to occupational trauma exposure. Additionally, these results have clinical implications regarding the treatment of officers experiencing symptoms of PTSD.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.
R&D Subsidies in Spain: are they Really Useful?
Authors: Rodríguez-Gutiérrez César , Canal-Domínguez Juan Francisco
Published: July 2024

This article is aimed at estimating the impact of R&D subsidies on the demand for researchers, using information provided by a panel of Spanish firms belonging to the industrial and services sectors followed up during the 2004–2016 period. Estimates include corrections for the endogeneity bias generated by wages and by a set of variables measuring R&D public financing, as well as for the sample selection bias coming from the fact that the only wage data available are those from firms that are internal R&D performers and hire researchers. Estimate results show that public R&D financing has a positive and relevant impact on the demand for researchers. This result allows supporting the implementation of policies to promote public research funding in Spain, regardless of the origin of the funds received.
Paclitaxel-loaded elastic liposomes synthesised by microfluidics technique for enhance transdermal delivery
Authors: Jaradat Eman , Meziane Adam , Lamprou Dimitrios A.
Published: July 2024

The inherent flexibility of elastic liposomes (EL) allows them to penetrate the small skin pores and reach the dermal region, making them an optimum candidate for topical drug delivery. Loading chemotherapy in ELs could improve chemotherapy’s topical delivery and localise its effect on skin carcinogenic tissues. Chemotherapy-loaded EL can overcome the limitations of conventional administration of chemotherapies and control the distribution to specific areas of the skin. In the current studies, Paclitaxel was utilised to develop Paclitaxel-loaded EL. As an alternative to the conventional manufacturing methods of EL, this study is one of the novel investigations utilising microfluidic systems to examine the potential to enhance and optimise the quality of Els by the microfluidics method. The primary aim was to achieve EL with a size of < 200 nm, high homogeneity, high encapsulation efficiency, and good stability. A phospholipid (DOPC) combined with neutral and anionic edge activators (Tween 80 and sodium taurocholate hydrate) at various lipid-to-edge activator ratios, was used for the manufacturing of the ELs. A preliminary study was performed to study the size, polydispersity (PDI), and stability to determine the optimum microfluidic parameters and lipid-to-edge activator for paclitaxel encapsulation. Furthermore, physiochemical characterisation was performed on the optimised Paclitaxel–loaded EL using a variety of methods, including Dynamic Light Scattering, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy, elasticity, encapsulation efficiency, and In vitro release. The results reveal the microfluidics’ significant impact in enhancing the EL characteristics of EL, especially small and controllable size, Low PDI, and high encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, the edge activator type and concentration highly affect the EL characteristics. The Tween 80 formulations with optimised concentration provide the most suitable size and higher encapsulation efficiency. The release profile of the formulations showed more immediate release from the EL with higher edge activator concentration and a higher % of the released dug from the Tween 80 formulations.

Graphical Abstract
Innovative approaches for vaccine trials as a key component of pandemic preparedness – a white paper
Authors: Bethe Ullrich , Pana Zoi D. , Drosten Christian , Goossens Herman , König Franz , Marchant Arnaud , Molenberghs Geert , Posch Martin , Van Damme Pierre , Cornely Oliver A.
Published: July 2024

Background

WHO postulates the application of adaptive design features in the global clinical trial ecosystem. However, the adaptive platform trial (APT) methodology has not been widely adopted in clinical research on vaccines.

Methods

The VACCELERATE Consortium organized a two-day workshop to discuss the applicability of APT methodology in vaccine trials under non-pandemic as well as pandemic conditions. Core aspects of the discussions are summarized in this article.

Results

An “ever-warm” APT appears ideally suited to improve efficiency and speed of vaccine research. Continuous learning based on accumulating APT trial data allows for pre-planned adaptations during its course. Given the relative design complexity, alignment of all stakeholders at all stages of an APT is central. Vaccine trial modelling is crucial, both before and in a pandemic emergency. Various inferential paradigms are possible (frequentist, likelihood, or Bayesian). The focus in the interpandemic interval may be on research gaps left by industry trials. For activation in emergency, template Disease X protocols of syndromal design for pathogens yet unknown need to be stockpiled and updated regularly. Governance of a vaccine APT should be fully integrated into supranational pandemic response mechanisms.

Discussion

A broad range of adaptive features can be applied in platform trials on vaccines. Faster knowledge generation comes with increased complexity of trial design. Design complexity should not preclude simple execution at trial sites. Continuously generated evidence represents a return on investment that will garner societal support for sustainable funding. Adaptive design features will naturally find their way into platform trials on vaccines.
Fueling the future: biomass applications for green and sustainable energy
Authors: Ali Farhad , Dawood Asadullah , Hussain Akbar , Alnasir M Hisham , Khan Muhammad Asad , Butt Tehmeena Maryum , Janjua Naveed Kausar , Hamid Anum
Published: July 2024

Biomass has become a key contender in the race to find sustainable energy options, as we move toward a more environmentally friendly future. This extensive assessment explores the potential of biomass to transform the global energy landscape. We have examined different conversion technologies, including thermal technologies such as combustion and gasification, as well as biochemical technologies such as anaerobic digestion and biofuel production, and we delved into the renewable nature of biomass, which is derived from organic sources such as agricultural residues, forestry waste, and special energy crops. We highlight the adaptability of biomass for the production of energy, heat, and biofuels. Furthermore, we evaluated the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of biomass use, including greenhouse gas emissions, land use, and community effects. To increase the potential of biomass as a renewable energy source, it is essential to understand how these three factors interact. To maximize energy production while curtailing environmental problems, this review examines obstacles, ongoing research, and recent developments in effective biomass-based energy systems.

Graphical Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease in women
Authors: Kozak Matija , Poredoš Pavel , Blinc Aleš , Kaja Ježovnik Mateja , Poredoš Peter
Published: July 2024

Summary: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) represents one of the most frequent manifestations of atherosclerosis in men and women. In both sexes, PAD is related to classical risk factors of atherosclerosis, which are similarly distributed, but some additional factors determine differences between men and women. More frequent asymptomatic disease in women than in men and less frequent screening in women may result in a false underestimation of the prevalence of PAD in women. All these factors may cause delayed diagnosis and treatment of PAD in women. Estrogen hormones have vasoprotective properties that lower the prevalence of atherosclerosis in women of younger age. However, estrogen probably does not have a protective role against the development of cardiovascular disease in women of an older age. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) of less than one year does not appear to reduce the odds of developing PAD in postmenopausal women. It may even increase the risk of morbidity from vascular interventions. However, some studies indicated that HRT for more than one year significantly decreases the risk of PAD if administered early after the last menstruation. Also, treatment of PAD in women differs to some extent from men.
Mental Health Literacy bei Lehrkräften und Eltern zur Früherkennung psychischer Auffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Franke Sarah , Mittermeier Sabrina , Lewitzka Ute , Knappe Susanne , Bürger Arne
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Eltern und Lehrkräfte nehmen in der Prävention psychischer Erkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen eine Schlüsselposition ein und benötigen hierfür psychische Gesundheitskompetenz (engl. mental health literacy = MHL). Fragestellung: Wie schätzen Eltern und Lehrkräfte ihre MHL ein? Welche Wünsche zu inhaltlichen Themen und der Durchführung von Präventionsprogrammen haben diese? Methode: Online Befragungen mit Eltern ( N = 1871) und Lehrkräften ( N = 493). Ergebnisse: Neben einer niedrigen bis moderaten MHL, ergab sich eine Präferenz für Weiterbildungen vor Ort und Gespräche mit Expert_innen sowie ein Setting kombiniert aus Gruppen- und Einzelinterventionen. Diskussion: Es wird ein Bedarf an Weiterbildungen zur MHL für Eltern und Lehrkräfte aufgezeigt. Die Ergebnisse bieten erste Einblicke in Präferenzen von Eltern und Lehrkräften, für eine Partizipation dieser in der Entwicklung, Implementation und Dissemination künftiger Präventionsprogramme.
Prävention psychischer Störungen
Authors: Vloet Timo D. , Bürger Arne
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung: Es gibt gute Gründe, mit Maßnahmen zur Prävention psychischer Störungen gerade im Kindes- und Jugendalter anzusetzen. Entsprechend werden in Klinik und Wissenschaft derzeit nicht nur zahlreiche Programme u. a. in Kindergärten, Schulen, aber auch in der klinischen Versorgung implementiert und hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit untersucht, sondern auch immer wieder neue präventive Ansätze entwickelt. Es sollen u. a. das Entstehen von Risikofaktoren für ungünstige Entwicklungen von Kindern verhindert, psychische Störungen möglichst frühzeitig erkannt und negative Auswirkungen auf die Betroffenen so weit wie möglich gemindert werden. Das vorliegende Themenheft möchte einen Beitrag dazu leisten, diese Bemühungen sichtbar zu machen, in dem das breite Spektrum präventiven Arbeitens in unserem Fachgebiet anhand von sechs ausgewählten Artikeln beispielhaft abgebildet wird. Ziel all der Anstrengungen ist es, durch ein gemeinsames und koordiniertes Engagement aller Beteiligten z. B. in Politik, im Bildungssystem und Gesundheitswesen und letztlich der Gesellschaft insgesamt, die Prävention psychischster Störungen erfolgreich zu machen und so zur Verbesserung der mentalen Gesundheit beizutragen.
The Modeled Seasonal Cycles of Surface N2O Fluxes and Atmospheric N2O
Authors: Sun Qing , Joos Fortunat , Lienert Sebastian , Berthet Sarah , Carroll Dustin , Gong Cheng , Ito Akihiko , Jain Atul K. , Kou‐Giesbrecht Sian , Landolfi Angela , Manizza Manfredi , Pan Naiqing , Prather Michael , Regnier Pierre , Resplandy Laure , Séférian Roland , Shi Hao , Suntharalingam Parvadha , Thompson Rona L. , Tian Hanqin , Vuichard Nicolas , Zaehle Sönke , Zhu Qing
Published: July 2024

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone‐depleting substance with large and growing anthropogenic emissions. Previous studies identified the influx of N2O‐depleted air from the stratosphere to partly cause the seasonality in tropospheric N2O (aN2O), but other contributions remain unclear. Here, we combine surface fluxes from eight land and four ocean models from phase 2 of the Nitrogen/N2O Model Intercomparison Project with tropospheric transport modeling to simulate aN2O at eight remote air sampling sites for modern and pre‐industrial periods. Models show general agreement on the seasonal phasing of zonal‐average N2O fluxes for most sites, but seasonal peak‐to‐peak amplitudes differ several‐fold across models. The modeled seasonal amplitude of surface aN2O ranges from 0.25 to 0.80 ppb (interquartile ranges 21%–52% of median) for land, 0.14–0.25 ppb (17%–68%) for ocean, and 0.28–0.77 ppb (23%–52%) for combined flux contributions. The observed seasonal amplitude ranges from 0.34 to 1.08 ppb for these sites. The stratospheric contributions to aN2O, inferred by the difference between the surface‐troposphere model and observations, show 16%–126% larger amplitudes and minima delayed by ∼1 month compared to Northern Hemisphere site observations. Land fluxes and their seasonal amplitude have increased since the pre‐industrial era and are projected to grow further under anthropogenic activities. Our results demonstrate the increasing importance of land fluxes for aN2O seasonality. Considering the large model spread, in situ aN2O observations and atmospheric transport‐chemistry models will provide opportunities for constraining terrestrial and oceanic biosphere models, critical for projecting carbon‐nitrogen cycles under ongoing global warming.
Understanding Precipitation Moisture Sources and Their Dominant Factors During Droughts in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Zhou Keke , Shi Xiaogang
Published: July 2024

The Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) is the most productive region in Vietnam in terms of agriculture and aquaculture. Unsurprisingly, droughts have been a prevalent concern for stakeholders across the VMD over the past decades. However, the VMD precipitation moisture sources and their dominant factors during drought conditions were not well understood. Using the ERA5 reanalysis data as inputs, the Water Accounting Model‐2layers (WAM‐2layers), a moisture tracking tool, was applied to identify the VMD precipitation moisture sources from 1980 to 2020. The modeling simulation indicates that the moisture sources transported from the upwind regions dominate the VMD precipitation by 60.4%–93.3%, and the moisture source areas vary seasonally with different monsoon types. Results of the causal inference algorithms indicate that the humidity and wind speed in the upwind area are the dominant factors for driving moisture transport and determining the amount of VMD precipitation in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The local atmospheric conditions may also have a causal effect on moisture recycling. During the drought events in 2015–2016 and 2019–2020, the reduced moisture transport in the 2016 dry season was mainly caused by the anomalies in both humidity and wind speed, while the below average moisture sources in the 2020 dry season were dominated by humidity. In the 2019 wet season, an anomaly in wind speed led to a decrease in the tracked moisture. These findings are of great significance for understanding the moisture sources of precipitation and further improving drought prediction in the VMD.
Challenges Facing Scientific Publishing in the Field of Earth & Space Sciences
Authors:   AGU Editorial Network
Published: July 2024

The scientific publishing landscape is evolving rapidly. This evolution is driven by a confluence of internal and external forces, including the growth of metrics‐based evaluation of scientists; an increasing volume of manuscripts combined with expectations for rapid review and publication; an increasing number of journals, including for‐profit Open Access publications; and the adoption of preprint servers across a growing range of disciplines. Many of these forces are contributing to personal anxiety and fatigue for authors, reviewers, and editors. Collectively, they are placing substantial stress on scientific publishing, which is a foundational pillar of the scientific enterprise. As editors of American Geophysical Union journals and books, we remain confident in the fundamental foundations of scientific publishing, but we are concerned about the impact of these increasing stressors. By affirming and investing in editorial values, respecting scientific integrity and credibility, and committing to accessibility, transparency, and accountability, we can fortify the foundations of the scientific enterprise during a time of rapid change.
Similarities and Differences Between Natural and Simulated Slow Earthquakes
Authors: Gualandi A. , Dal Zilio L. , Faranda D. , Mengaldo G.
Published: July 2024

We investigate similarities and differences between natural and simulated slow earthquakes using nonlinear dynamical system tools. We use spatio‐temporal slip potency rate data derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position time series in the Cascadia subduction zone and numerical simulations intended to reproduce their pulse‐like behavior and scaling laws. We provide metrics to evaluate the accuracy of simulations in mimicking slow earthquake dynamics. We investigate the influence of spatio‐temporal coarsening as well as observational noise. Despite the use of many degrees of freedom, numerical simulations display a surprisingly low average dimension, akin to natural slow earthquakes. Instantaneous dynamical indices can reach large values (>10) instead, and differences persist between numerical simulations and natural observations. We propose to use the suggested metrics as an additional tool to narrow the divergence between slow earthquake observations and dynamical simulations.
The Role of Advection in Storm Surge for Hurricane Michael (2018)
Authors: Bilskie M. V. , Luettich R. A.
Published: July 2024

Hurricane Michael (2018) made landfall near Mexico Beach, FL, as a Category 5 hurricane, with gauge‐measured water levels over 4 m. Wind and pressure fields were created by blending a parametric near‐field model with a gridded far‐field model. Winds and modeled water levels were well validated across Michael's large impact a‐ea. A detailed analysis of the coastal surge caused by Michael demonstrates that advection contributed significantly to Michael's highest water levels and the timing of the water level across a large portion of the Michael impact area. A momentum balance in a streamwise‐normal coordinate system demonstrates that the advection contributions due to spatial gradients in the flow are identified with streamwise convergence/expansion of the flow field (Bernoulli acceleration) and curvature in the flow field (centrifugal acceleration). These effects are created by the regional geometry and the storm's wind field and are most likely to affect back barrier water levels and along curved coastlines. These findings provide an improved understanding of the role of advection in determining storm surge and, thus, the importance of including it in storm surge models.
Acute, chronic and conditioned effects of intranasal oxytocin in the mu-opioid receptor knockout mouse model of autism: Social context matters
Authors: Pantouli Fani , Pujol Camille N , Derieux Cécile , Fonteneau Mathieu , Pellissier Lucie P. , Marsol Claire , Karpenko Julie , Bonnet Dominique , Hibert Marcel , Bailey Alexis , Le Merrer Julie , Becker Jerome A. J.
Published: July 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders whose diagnosis relies on deficient social interaction and communication together with repetitive behaviours. Multiple studies have highlighted the potential of oxytocin (OT) to ameliorate behavioural abnormalities in animal models and subjects with ASD. Clinical trials, however, yielded disappointing results. Our study aimed at assessing the behavioural effects of different regimens of OT administration in the Oprm1 null mouse model of ASD. We assessed the effects of intranasal OT injected once at different doses (0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 IU) and time points (5, 15, and 30 min) following administration, or chronically, on ASD-related behaviours (social interaction and preference, stereotypies, anxiety, nociception) in Oprm1+/+and Oprm1-/- mice. We then tested whether pairing intranasal OT injection with social experience would influence its outcome on ASD-like symptoms, and measured gene expression in the reward/social circuit. Acute intranasal OT at 0.3 IU improved social behaviour in Oprm1-/- mice 5 min after administration, with limited effects on non-social behaviours. Chronic (8–17 days) OT maintained rescuing effects in Oprm1 null mice but was deleterious in wild-type mice. Finally, improvements in the social behaviour of Oprm1-/- mice were greater and longer lasting when OT was administered in a social context. Under these conditions, the expression of OT and vasopressin receptor genes, as well as marker genes of striatal projection neurons, was suppressed. We detected no sex difference in OT effects. Our results highlight the importance of considering dosage and social context when evaluating the effects of OT treatment in ASD.
Biochemical role of FOXM1-dependent histone linker H1B in human epidermal stem cells
Authors: Polito Maria Pia , Marini Grazia , Fabrizi Alessandra , Sercia Laura , Enzo Elena , De Luca Michele
Published: July 2024

Epidermal stem cells orchestrate epidermal renewal and timely wound repair through a tight regulation of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. In culture, human epidermal stem cells generate a clonal type referred to as holoclone, which give rise to transient amplifying progenitors (meroclone and paraclone-forming cells) eventually generating terminally differentiated cells. Leveraging single-cell transcriptomic data, we explored the FOXM1-dependent biochemical signals controlling self-renewal and differentiation in epidermal stem cells aimed at improving regenerative medicine applications. We report that the expression of H1 linker histone subtypes decrease during serial cultivation. At clonal level we observed that H1B is the most expressed isoform, particularly in epidermal stem cells, as compared to transient amplifying progenitors. Indeed, its expression decreases in primary epithelial culture where stem cells are exhausted due to FOXM1 downregulation. Conversely, H1B expression increases when the stem cells compartment is sustained by enforced FOXM1 expression, both in primary epithelial cultures derived from healthy donors and JEB patient. Moreover, we demonstrated that FOXM1 binds the promotorial region of H1B, hence regulates its expression. We also show that H1B is bound to the promotorial region of differentiation-related genes and negatively regulates their expression in epidermal stem cells. We propose a novel mechanism wherein the H1B acts downstream of FOXM1, contributing to the fine interplay between self-renewal and differentiation in human epidermal stem cells. These findings further define the networks that sustain self-renewal along the previously identified YAP-FOXM1 axis.
Analysis of 14,392 whole genomes reveals 3.5% of Qataris carry medically actionable variants
Authors: Elfatih Amal , Saad Chadi ,   The Qatar Genome Program Research Consortium,   Qatar Genome Project Management, Ismail Said , Al-Muftah Wadha , Badji Radja , Darwish Dima , Fadl Tasnim , Yasin Heba , Ennaifar Maryem , Abdel-latif Rania , Alkuwari Fatima , Alvi Muhammad , Sarraj Yasser Al , Althani Asmaa ,   Biobank and Sample Preparation, Fthenou Eleni , Qafoud Fatima , Alkhayat Eiman , Afifi Nahla ,   Sequencing and Genotyping group, Tomei Sara , Liu Wei , Lorenz Stephan ,   Applied Bioinformatics Core, Syed Najeeb , Almabrazi Hakeem , Vempalli Fazulur Rehaman , Temanni Ramzi ,   Data Management and Computing Infrastructure group, Saqri Tariq Abu , Khatib Mohammed husen , Hamza Mehshad , Zaid Tariq Abu , El Khouly Ahmed , Pathare Tushar , Poolat Shafeeq , Al-Ali Rashid ,   Consortium Lead Principal Investigators, Albagha Omar M. E. , Al-Khodor Souhaila , Alshafai Mashael , Badii Ramin , Chouchane Lotfi , Estivill Xavier , Fakhro Khalid , Mbarek Hamdi , Mokrab Younes , Puthen Jithesh V. , Suhre Karsten , Tatari Zohreh , Mifsud Borbala , Mbarek Hamdi
Published: July 2024

Arabic populations are underrepresented in large genome projects; therefore, the frequency of clinically actionable variants among Arabs is largely unknown. Here, we investigated genetic variation in 14,392 whole genomes from the Qatar Genome Program (QGP) across the list of 78 actionable genes (v3.1) determined by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Variants were categorized into one of the following groups: (1) Pathogenic (P), (2) Likely pathogenic (LP), and (3) Rare variants of uncertain significance with evidence of pathogenicity. For the classification, we used variant databases, effect predictors, and the disease-relevant phenotypes available for the cohort. Data on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and hypercholesterolemia allowed us to assess the disease-relevant phenotype association of rare missense variants. We identified 248 distinct variants in 50 ACMG genes that fulfilled our criteria to be included in one of the three groups affecting 1036 genotype-positive participants of the QGP cohort. The most frequent variants were in TTN, followed by RYR1 and ATP7B. The prevalence of reportable secondary findings was 3.5%. A further 46 heterozygous variants in six genes with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance were detected in 200 individuals, accounting for an additional 1.4%. Altogether, they affect 5% of the population. Due to the high consanguinity rate in the QGP cohort (28% in spouses and 60% in parents), P and LP variants both in genes with dominant and recessive inheritance are important for developing better treatment options and preventive strategies in Qatar and the Arabic population of the Middle East.
Nanosecond chain dynamics of single-stranded nucleic acids
Authors: Nüesch Mark F. , Pietrek Lisa , Holmstrom Erik D. , Nettels Daniel , von Roten Valentin , Kronenberg-Tenga Rafael , Medalia Ohad , Hummer Gerhard , Schuler Benjamin
Published: July 2024

The conformational dynamics of single-stranded nucleic acids are fundamental for nucleic acid folding and function. However, their elementary chain dynamics have been difficult to resolve experimentally. Here we employ a combination of single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer, nanosecond fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and nanophotonic enhancement to determine the conformational ensembles and rapid chain dynamics of short single-stranded nucleic acids in solution. To interpret the experimental results in terms of end-to-end distance dynamics, we utilize the hierarchical chain growth approach, simple polymer models, and refinement with Bayesian inference to generate structural ensembles that closely align with the experimental data. The resulting chain reconfiguration times are exceedingly rapid, in the 10-ns range. Solvent viscosity-dependent measurements indicate that these dynamics of single-stranded nucleic acids exhibit negligible internal friction and are thus dominated by solvent friction. Our results provide a detailed view of the conformational distributions and rapid dynamics of single-stranded nucleic acids.
Eco-evolutionary strategies for relieving carbon limitation under salt stress differ across microbial clades
Authors: Dong Yang , Chen Ruirui , Graham Emily B. , Yu Bingqian , Bao Yuanyuan , Li Xin , You Xiangwei , Feng Youzhi
Published: July 2024

With the continuous expansion of saline soils under climate change, understanding the eco-evolutionary tradeoff between the microbial mitigation of carbon limitation and the maintenance of functional traits in saline soils represents a significant knowledge gap in predicting future soil health and ecological function. Through shotgun metagenomic sequencing of coastal soils along a salinity gradient, we show contrasting eco-evolutionary directions of soil bacteria and archaea that manifest in changes to genome size and the functional potential of the soil microbiome. In salt environments with high carbon requirements, bacteria exhibit reduced genome sizes associated with a depletion of metabolic genes, while archaea display larger genomes and enrichment of salt-resistance, metabolic, and carbon-acquisition genes. This suggests that bacteria conserve energy through genome streamlining when facing salt stress, while archaea invest in carbon-acquisition pathways to broaden their resource usage. These findings suggest divergent directions in eco-evolutionary adaptations to soil saline stress amongst microbial clades and serve as a foundation for understanding the response of soil microbiomes to escalating climate change.