bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ONCE WERE GARDENERS: Māra and planting protest at Ihumātao
Authors: Grey Rhieve-Sheridan , Muru-Lanning Charlotte , Jones Nicholas , Muru-Lanning Marama
Published: November 2020

In a 2009 speech, prominent Māori lawyer Moana Jackson said that the novel Once Were Warriors (Duff, 1990) could have been more appropriately named Once Were Gardeners (New Zealand Drug Foundation, 2009). By doing so he argued against the notion that Māori possess a “warrior gene” predisposing them to violence. Instead, Jackson maintained, Māori were more likely to have a predisposition for gardening. Gardening, or mahi māra, has been practised by Māori for centuries in Aotearoa New Zealand. Although motivations may have changed, mahi māra remains an important expression of what it means to be Māori. This affirmation is particularly relevant when it comes to the recent Māori occupation of Ihumātao, one of the oldest Māori settlements in Aotearoa. This article explores the idea that gardens and gardening demonstrate a form of Māori protest and resistance. It also examines the importance of māra at Ihumātao and its occupation to Kelly Marie Francis, known as “The Whenua Warrior”, a member of the group occupying Ihumātao, Save Our Unique Landscape (SOUL). Understanding the occupation acknowledges the importance of māra in te ao Māori.
Estrategia de gestión para el desarrollo de las habilidades informáticas en los docentes de la facultad de contabilidad de una universidad privada de Lima
Authors:   , Cubas Cercado Sofía Yvette
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de la investigación se orientó a diseñar una estrategia de gestión para contribuir al desarrollo de las habilidades de informáticas en los docentes de la Facultad de Contabilidad de la universidad privada de Lima.
Experimenting Transition to Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems – Identifying Constraints and Unintended Processes in a Tropical Highly Urbanized Watershed
Authors: Chapa Fernando , Pérez María , Hack Jochen
Published: November 2020

Green Infrastructure promotes the use of natural functions and processes as potential solutions to reduce negative effects derived from anthropocentric interventions such as urbanization. In cities of Latin America, for example, the need for more nature-sound infrastructure is evident due to its degree of urbanization and degradation of ecosystems, as well as the alteration of the local water cycle. In this study, an experimental approach for implementation of a prototype is presented. The experiment took place in a highly urbanized watershed located in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Initially, understanding the characteristics of the study area at different scales was achieved by applying the Urban Water System Transition Framework to identify the existing level of development of the urban water infrastructure, and potential future stages. Subsequently, preferences related to spatial locations and technologies were identified from different local decision-makers. Those insights were adopted to identify a potential area for implementation of the prototype. The experiment consisted on an adaptation of the local sewer to act as a temporal reservoir to reduce the effects derived from rapid generation of stormwater runoff. Unexpected events, not considered initially in the design, are reported in this study as a means to identify necessary adaptations of the methodology. Our study shows from an experimental learning-experience that the relation between different actors advocating for such technologies influences the implementation and operation of non-conventional technologies. Furthermore, the perception of security associated to green spaces was found as a key driver to increase the willingness of residents to modify their urban environments. In consequence, those aspects should be carefully considered as factors of designs of engineering elements when they are related to complex socio-ecological urban systems.
Deployment of Solar Sails by Joule Effect: Thermal Analysis and Experimental Results
Authors: Bovesecchi Gianluigi , Corasaniti Sandra , Costanza Girolamo , Piferi Fabrizio Paolo , Tata Maria Elisa
Published: November 2020

Space vehicles may be propelled by solar sails exploiting the radiation pressure coming from the sun and applied on their surfaces. This work deals with the adoption of Shape-Memory Alloy (SMA) elements in the sail deployment mechanism activated by the Joule Effect, i.e. using the same SMA elements as a resistance within suitable designed electrical circuits. Mathematical models were analyzed for the thermal analysis by implementing algorithms for the evaluation of the temperature trend depending on the design parameters. Several solar sail prototypes were built up and tested with different number, size and arrangement of the SMA elements, as well as the type of the selected electrical circuit. The main parameters have been discussed in the tested configurations and advantages discussed as well.
Simple New Method for the Preparation of La(IO3)3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Hebboul Zoulikha , Ghozlane Amira , Turnbull Robin , Benghia Ali , Allaoui Sara , Liang Akun , Errandonea Daniel , Touhami Amina , Rahmani Abdellah , Lefkaier Ibn Khaldoun
Published: November 2020

We present a cost- and time-efficient method for the controlled preparation of single phase La(IO3)3 nanoparticles via a simple soft-chemical route which takes a matter of hours, thereby providing an alternative to the common hydrothermal method which takes days. Nanoparticles of pure α-La(IO3)3 and pure δ-La(IO3)3 were synthesised via the new method depending on the source of iodate ions, thereby demonstrating the versatility of the synthesis route. The crystal structure, nanoparticle size-dispersal and chemical composition were characterised via angle- and energy-dispersive powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
Foundations of the Quaternion Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Danielewski Marek , Sapa Lucjan
Published: November 2020

We show that the quaternion quantum mechanics has well-founded mathematical roots and can be derived from the model of elastic continuum by French mathematician Augustin Cauchy, i.e., it can be regarded as representing physical reality of elastic continuum. Starting from the Cauchy theory (classical balance equations for isotropic Cauchy-elastic material) and using the Hamilton quaternion algebra we present a rigorous derivation of the quaternion form of the non- and relativistic wave equations. The family of the wave equations and the Poisson equation are a straightforward consequence of the quaternion representation of the Cauchy model of the elastic continuum. This is the most general kind of quantum mechanics possessing the same kind of calculus of assertions as conventional quantum mechanics. The problem of the Schrödinger equation, where imaginary ‘i’ should emerge, is solved. This interpretation is a serious attempt to describe the ontology of quantum mechanics, and demonstrates that, besides Bohmian mechanics, the complete ontological interpretations of quantum theory exists. The model can be generalized and falsified. To ensure this theory to be true, we specified problems allowing exposing its falsity.
Emergency Online Learning in Low-Resource Contexts: Student Perceptions of Effective Engagement Strategies
Authors: Abou-Khalil Victoria , Helou Samar , Khalifé Eliane , Chen MeiRong Alice , Majumdar Rwitajit , Ogata Hiroaki
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the transition to emergency online learning without prior preparation or guidelines. This transition has been particularly challenging in developing countries and low-resource contexts and hindered student engagement. We aim to identify the engagement strategies which students, engaging in emergency online learning in low-resource contexts, perceive to be effective. We conducted a sequential mixed-methods study based on Moore’s interaction framework for distance education. First, we conducted a literature review and interviewed ten teachers and ten students to identify a list of engagement strategies. Then, we designed a questionnaire that examines student perceptions of these strategies. We administered the questionnaire to 313 students engaging in emergency online learning in low-resource contexts. Our analysis results showed that student-content engagement strategies, e.g. screen sharing, summaries, and class recordings, are perceived as the most effective, closely followed by student-teacher strategies, e.g. Q&A sessions and reminders. Student-student strategies, e.g. group chat and collaborative work, are perceived as the least effective. The perceived effectiveness of engagement strategies depends on the context and the students’ characteristics, e.g. gender, major, and technology access. To support instructors, instructional designers, and researchers we propose a ten-level guide for engaging students during emergency online classes in low-resource contexts.
Self-Organized Criticality and Standard Model Parameters
Authors: Goldfain Ervin
Published: November 2020

As paradigm of complex behavior, Self-organized Criticality (SOC) reflects the ability of nonequilibrium dynamical systems to self-adjust into metastable states that are scale independent. The goal of this report is to tentatively show that the hierarchy of Standard Model masses and mixing angles follows from the universal scaling attributes of SOC.
Anti-Platelet Aggregation and Anti-Cyclooxygenase Activities for a Range of Coffee Extracts (Coffea arabica)
Authors: Hutachok Nuntouchporn , Angkasith Pongsak , Chumpun Chaiwat , Fucharoen Suthat , Mackie Ian , Porter John , Srichairatanakool Somdet
Published: November 2020

Coffee is rich in caffeine (CF), chlorogenic acid (CGA) and phenolics. Differing types of coffee beverages and brewing procedures may result in differences in total phenolic contents (TPC) and biological activities. Inflammation and increases of platelet activation and aggregation can lead to thrombosis. We focused on determining the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on agonist-induced platelet aggregation and cyclooxygenase (COX) of coffee beverages in relation to their preparation method. We prepared instant coffee and brewed coffee beverages using drip, espresso and boiling techniques. Coffee extracts were assayed for their CF and CGA contents using HPLC, TPC using colourimetry, platelet aggregation with an aggregometer and COX activity using ELISA. The findings have shown all coffee extracts, except the decaffeinated types, contained nearly equal amounts of CF, CGA and TPC. Inhibitory effects of coffee extracts on platelet aggregation differed depending on the activation pathways induced by different agonists. All espresso, drip and boiled coffee extracts caused dose dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, epinephrine, and arachidonic acid (ARA). The most marked inhibition was seen at low doses of collagen or ARA. Espresso and drip extracts inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation more than purified caffeine or CGA. Espresso, boiled and drip coffee extracts were also a more potent inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2 than purified caffeine or CGA. We conclude that inhibition of platelet aggregation and COX-1 and COX-2 may contribute to anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory effects of espresso and drip coffee extracts.
Neuronal Metabolism and Neuroprotection. Neuroprotective Effect of Fingolimod on Menadione Induced Mitochondrial Damage
Authors: Gil Antonio , Martín-Montañez Elisa , Valverde Nadia , Lara Estrella , Boraldi Federica , Claros Silvia , Romero-Zerbo Silvana-Yanina , Fernandez Oscar , Pavia Jose , Garcia-Fernandez Maria
Published: November 2020

Imbalance in the oxidative status in neurons, along with mitochondrial damage, are common characteristics in some neurodegenerative diseases. The maintenance in energy production is crucial to face and recover from the oxidative damage and the coexistence of different sources of energy production, such as mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP, allows faster adaptative mechanisms to situations of high energy demand and may help in the maintenance of neuronal function in stress situations. Fingolimod phosphate is a drug with neuroprotective and antioxidant actions, used in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. This work has been performed in a model of oxidative damage on neuronal cell cultures exposed to menadione, in presence or absence of fingolimod phosphate. We have studied the mitochondrial function and several pathways related with glucose metabolism, including oxidative, glycolytic and pentose phosphate in neuronal cells cultures. Our results showed a beneficial effect on neuronal survival probably based in the recovery of all, oxidative balance, glycolysis and pentose phosphate, promoted by fingolimod phosphate. These effects are mediated, at least in part by the interaction with its specific receptor. These actions would make this drug a potential tool to the treatment of neurodegenerative processes, either to slow progression or alleviate symptoms.
Experimental Study on the Fracture Parameters of Concrete
Authors: Wang Zhanqiao , Gou Jin , Gao Danying
Published: November 2020

Abstract: This study was aimed to determine the influence of the volume fraction of steel fibers and on fracture parameters of concrete. Fifty notched steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams and ordinary concrete beams with dimensions of 100mm×100mm×515mm were cast and tested via three-point bending test. Among them, the type of steel fiber is milling type (MF), and the volume fraction of steel fiber added is 0%, 0.5%, 0.5%, 1.5%, 1.5%, 2%, respectively. The effects of the steel fiber volume fraction (VF) on the critical stress intensity factor (KIC), fracture energy (GF), the deflection at failure(δ0), the critical crack mouth opening displacement (CMODC) and the critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODC)were studied. Through the analysis of test phenomena and test data such as load-deflection (P-δ) curve, load-crack mouth opening displacement (P-CMOD) curve and load-crack tip opening displacement (P-CTOD) curve following conclusions are drawn: With the increase of steel fiber volume fraction, some fracture parameters increase gradually and maintain a certain linear growth. The gain ratio of fracture parameters increases significantly, and the gain effect is obvious. Through this law of growth, the experimental statistical formulas of fracture energy and critical stress intensity factor are summarized.
Congratulations! The Sixth JDR Award
Authors: Hayashi Haruo ,   Editors-in-Chief
Published: November 2020

The Sixth JDR Award ceremony was held online due to COVID-19 on October 6, 2020 and a prize were given to Professor Masato Iguchi, Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Japan. We congratulate the winner and sincerely wish for future success.
Message from the Winner
Authors: Iguchi Masato ,   Professor, Sakurajima Volcano Research Center, Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Kagoshima, Japan
Published: November 2020

A volcanic eruption is a phenomenon in which ballistic bombs, lapilli, volcanic ash, lava, and gas are discharged. Volcanic ash and gas are carried by the wind, and pyroclastic flows and lava flows are carried away by the force of gravity. These cause disasters of various forms in the areas around volcanoes, sometimes far from eruptive center. Accordingly, volcanic countries, particularly Asian countries such as Japan, Indonesia, and the Philippines, have been the scenes of volcanic disasters. We conducted the research project “Integrated study on mitigation of multimodal disasters caused by the ejection of volcanic products” with the Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation and other institutes in Indonesia under the SATREPS project from FY2013 to 2018. The aim of the project was to advance volcanic hazard mitigation, and I served as the guest editor of “Special Issue on Integrated Study on Mitigation of Multimodal Disasters Caused by Ejection of Volcanic Products” (2016) and “Special Issue on Integrated Study on Mitigation of Multimodal Disasters Caused by Ejection of Volcanic Products: Part 2” (2019) of the Journal of Disaster Research. The articles in the Special Issues have been downloaded by many researchers. The Special Issues cover many topics related to volcanic disasters, but the main theme is how to forecast real-time volcanic hazards using data monitoring, since it is this monitoring that triggers the issuing of warnings.

I have studied the volcanic activity of Sakurajima, the most active volcano in Japan, for 40 years, primarily to forecast its eruptions. Forecasting the eruptions is not as important as forecasting the hazards and risks posed by volcanic actions. Research done on the mitigation of the volcanic hazards of Sakurajima as well as Indonesian volcanoes has been enhanced by interaction. The cumulative volume of magma stored in the past 100 years indicates that Sakurajima has the potential for a large-scale eruption (VEI > 4). An eruption and its dispersal of volcanic ash in particular would cause a variety of disasters over a wide area, as described in the other issues of Journal of Disaster Research. I hope that the research results will be utilized for hazard mitigation in the event of future large-scale eruptions. The research could be advanced through collaboration with studies aimed at the enhancement of resilience and recovery.
Research on the Determinants of Government Investment Effect
Authors: Yang Xuelian , Zhang Yu , Yang Cuihong , Xu Jian
Published: November 2020

Government investment plays an important role in promoting and guiding the economic and social development in China. Xinjiang is the core province of the Belt and Road and its economic growth is mainly driven by investment. This paper decomposes the determinants of government investment effect into economic structure change, technological change and investment structure change, using the non-competitive input-output table of Xinjiang province in 2007, 2012 and 2015 and structural decomposition analyses. The results show that, the government investment effect in Xinjiang shows a slight decline trend. During the period, the change of economic structure and investment structure have the negative impact on government investment effect, while the change of technology has the positive impact on government investment effect. In addition, these impacts have strong sectoral heterogeneity.
Obesity Indicators and C-Reactive Protein in Indonesian Adults (More than Equal to 40 Years Old): The Indonesian Family Life Survey 5
Authors: Mahwati Yeni , Nurrika Dieta
Published: November 2020

C-reactive protein (CRP) is the best clinical marker for systemic inflammation. Obesity is associated with increased CRP levels. Systemic inflammation is present before morbidity occurs. Research reveals that the identification of obesity indicators and CRP levels is limited among Indonesians. The present study investigated the associations between obesity indicators (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) and CRP levels among Indonesian adults. This cross-sectional study based on Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 2014–2015 was conducted among 3,386 adults (≥ 40 years) living in 13 provinces in Indonesia during the study period. All data were collected in 2014. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CIs) for hs-CRP levels on obesity indicators by using underweight (BMI) and normal (WC, WHR, and WHtR) as references. Our multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that respondents with increased WHR (OR: 1.278, 95% CI: 1.005–1.625, p-value < 0.001) were more likely to have high-risk hs-CRP levels than those with normal WHR. Compared with respondents with normal WHtR, those with increased WHtR were found associated with high-risk hs-CRP levels (OR: 1.980, 95% CI: 1.544–2.541, p-value < 0.001). Therefore, WHR and WHtR can predict central obesity, which is associated with hs-CRP levels.
Cultural and Religious Belief Approaches of a Tuberculosis Program for Hard-to-Reach Populations in Mentawai and Solok West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Machmud Rizanda , Medison Irvan , Yani Finny Fitry
Published: November 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading public health concern in Indonesia. It ranks second on the list of high-burden TB countries. In West Sumatra, 47% of TB cases are undetected, late diagnosed, and received incomplete treatment because of low-level awareness and knowledge and stigma, especially among the hardest to reach populations. The study aims to identify the best communication channel to reach those who live in vulnerable and remote areas. This study was a qualitative study applying in-depth interviews to the informal leaders, health officers, cultural artists, and religious leaders across districts in Mentawai and Solok Districts, which are remote and had the lowest case detection rates compared with other districts. The questionnaire was prepared with the perception of the channel to identify TB cases. The data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. Involving religious and informal leaders and using traditional music as a communication channel improved the population's awareness of TB symptoms and access to TB testing and treatment, as well as reduced TB-related stigma. This study found that the cultural and religious contexts play a major role in health communication on TB control for hard-to-reach populations in West Sumatera, Indonesia.
Association between Social Media Exposure to Food and Beverages with Nutrient Intake of Female Adolescents
Authors: Adiba Cholida , Pradigdo Siti Fatimah , Kartasurya Martha Irene
Published: November 2020

Communication technology development has influenced adolescent food choices and intakes. This study aimed to investigate the association between social media exposure to food and beverage content and nutrient intake among female adolescents. The study was conducted in a cross-sectional design. The targeted population was 104 female students aged 14–18 years old at 'XY' High School in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Eighty-one subjects were chosen by clustered random sampling. Data were collected by interviews using structured questionnaires and a 3x24-hour recall method. Data analyses were conducted by chi-square, Fisher exact tests, and logistic regression. The median and standard deviations of social-media, the duration, frequency, and the number of accounts were 2.3±3.00 hours/access, 2.0±2.00 times/day, and 3.6±2.46 accounts/access, respectively. Mean and standard deviations of adequacy levels for energy 107.4±15.39% and protein 124.8±25.8%. Duration of social-media exposures (p-value = 0.040) and body image (p-value= 0.040) were associated with food selection. Food selection was associated with energy (p-value = 0.003) and protein (p-value = 0.002) adequacy levels. After controlling for body image, social-media exposure duration > 2.3 hours had an OR of 3.4 for selecting the accessed foods. It was concluded that social media exposure duration was associated with food selection, which was then associated with energy and protein intakes.
A Study on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Rabies in the Philippines
Authors: Bundalian Reynaldo Jr , Lacson Monalisa , Bacani Catherine , Soriano Dinah Rose , Garing Agnes , Aquino Artemio Jr , Policarpio Archie , Mallari Joey Kyle , San Jose Remedios , Bulao Maria Fe , Tanquilut Neil , Magsino Patricia Joy
Published: November 2020

In 2007, the Philippine government passed the Anti-Rabies Act to address rabies in the country. However, rabies is still a major public health concern in many provinces. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of residents on rabies, the Anti Rabies Act, and responsible pet ownership (RPO) in Pampanga, Philippines. A cross-sectional survey was done from October 2017 to February 2018 in 92 randomly selected barangays in the province. Questionnaires were adapted from similar studies. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with KAP. Results showed that most people have good knowledge of the Anti-Rabies Act, RPO, and moderate knowledge of rabies. Their attitude toward rabies was appropriate, and on RPO, moderate. The RPO practices by most dog owners were good and moderate for most cat owners. Moreover, the subjects’ area of residence was a significant factor in their knowledge of RPO, and pet ownership status was a significant factor in their RPO attitude. In general, respondents showed satisfactory knowledge; however, there is a need to intensify information and education campaigns in rural areas.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Turkish Women on Breast and Cervical Cancer in Karabük Province, Turkey
Authors: Sevinc Nergiz , Oral Belgin , Korkut Burcu
Published: November 2020

Breast and cervical cancer incidence and mortality among women have been increasing worldwide. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate women's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding breast and cervical cancers. The sample was composed of 507 women aged 18 years and older who were admitted to a primary health care center in Karabük, Turkey, from October to December 2019. The data was obtained using a questionnaire consisting of 34 questions regarding participants’ socio demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward breast and cervical cancers. The mean age of the participants was 41.3±12.0 years and 68.4% of them were married. Slightly more than seven in ten participants knew that the most common cancer in women was breast cancer. Almost six in ten knew that breast self-examination was the first method in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Breast self examination practice was found to be significant among university graduates. Periodic mammography and pap smear screenings among participants were 21.9% and 23.3%, respectively. Only 3.4% of participants had received the HPV vaccine and there was no significant difference between socio-demographic characteris tics and HPV vaccination status (p-value > 0.05). Participants had moderate knowledge about breast and cervical cancer. Access to cancer screening programs should be facilitated and increased, considering these cancers' public health importance.
When will the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia End?
Authors: Susanna Dewi
Published: November 2020

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization(WHO) declared 2019-nCOV to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), due to the significant increase in confirmed new cases in various countries.1 In Indonesia, the first confirmed COVID-19 case was a female who had a closed contact with the 24th confirmed case in Malaysia and the second case was the mother of the first case.2 As time goes by, the number of new cases has increased significantly, reaching 160.165 confirmed cases with 6,944 deaths by August 27, 2020.3 The time when the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia will end is not known, although some studies are attempting to predict this such as in articles, journals, newspapers, and other media.
Georreferenciamento postal de casos de COVID-19 na cidade de Uberaba, Minas Gerais
Authors: Alexandre Felipe , Ferreira Ricardo , Souza Ana Laura , Cruvinel Jessica , Carvalho Gabriella , Gavião Pedro , Batoni Ana , Carvalho Denise
Published: November 2020

Doenças de alto contágio, como o Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), podem ser analisadas espacialmente e uma das formas de mapeá-las é por casos desagregados em nível pontual. Essa escala de análise é importante para a formulação de estratégias de proteção da saúde. O georreferenciamento de casos por endereçamento postal é um método recorrente em aplicações do geoprocessamento na saúde. Neste estudo, é apresentada uma validação do georreferenciamento postal automático dos casos de COVID-19 no município de Uberaba, MG para um período de 14 dias. Foi utilizada a base de endereços do Google Maps (GM) por meio dos softwares Google Earth (GE) e QGIS. O procedimento consistiu em georreferenciar 391 casos por consulta manual à base do GM, com apoio de imagens do Google Street View. Os resultados foram utilizados como referência para analisar o desempenho do georreferenciamento automático no GE e QGIS, este segundo, com uso do complemento MMQGIS. Houve variações significativas entre os métodos automáticos quando aplicadas diferentes combinações de endereço, como: rua, número, CEP, bairro, cidade, estado e país. O melhor desempenho foi do complemento MMQGIS, que processa o Maps JavaScript API. Quando combinados os campos Rua, Número e Cidade resultou em 82,8% de georreferenciamentos corretos. A geocodificação automática é um ponto de partida para o mapeamento de casos, acelerando tarefas de marcação de pontos, mas, devido as possibilidades de erros, como os mostrados no presente estudo, não se deve dispensar os trabalhos de pós edição, antes da produção de mapas destinados às ações de vigilância epidemiológica.
Completion Effects on Diagnosing Multistage Facture Treatments with Distributed Temperature Sensing
Authors: Sakaida Shohei , Zhu Ding , Hill A. D.
Published: November 2020

Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is a valuable tool to diagnose multistage hydraulic fracture treatments. When a stage interval is shut in, the clusters that take more fluid during pumping warm up more slowly. Therefore, the fluid volume injected into each cluster can be quantitatively interpreted by numerical inversion of the warm-back temperature behavior. This general concept assumes that the different warm-back behavior is controlled by only the injected fluid volume; however, recent observations of DTS data indicate that completion configurations significantly influence the warm-back behavior.

This paper investigates the completion effects on the DTS interpretation. In ideal conditions, when a stage is fractured, the upstream stage intervals should show an almost uniform temperature that is close to the injected fluid temperature. This is due to the high fluid velocity of injected fluid in the wellbore, and the upstream intervals have not been perforated (noncommunicating intervals), so the only heat transfer is heat conduction between the wellbore fluid and the surrounding reservoir. But the field DTS data show considerably irregular variations in temperature along the upstream stage intervals. These variations are caused by the completion effects. The nonuniform temperature profile is caused by different heat transfer behavior induced by completion hardware along the production casing string, such as joints, clamps, and blast protectors, and by the sensing cable location in the cement, as well as the cement quality. Because the varying heat transfer behavior impacts the warm-back behavior as well as the temperature profile, the completion effects need to be considered in DTS interpretation.

A method of DTS interpretation considering the completion effects to diagnose multistage fracture treatments was developed. Because the heat transfer between a wellbore and a reservoir depends on the overall heat transfer coefficient describing heat conduction through the completion in a forward model, this parameter needs to be tuned all along the wellbore. To calibrate the completion effect, the temperature inversion is conducted using the temperature measured at a stage interval that is upstream of a stage interval currently being treated. Because the interpreted stage interval is not perforated at that time, the thermal behavior at the noncommunicating interval is governed by only the heat conduction through the completion environment. Once the effective values of the overall heat transfer coefficient are estimated along the interpreted stage interval, they can be assumed to be constant physical parameters. Then, the fluid volume distribution is interpreted by using the effective overall heat transfer coefficient profile along each interval.

This study provides a field application of the developed interpretation method. The new interpretation method provides more accurate diagnosis of fracture treatments by DTS interpretation.
DMX-FMX: Bridging the Gaps Between Data Analyses and Combined Data–Model Driven 3D Fault and Fracture Network Modeling - A Novel Approach
Authors: van Dijk Janpieter
Published: November 2020

In the present paper new original approach is presented that constitutes the link between the analyses techniques of fracture and fault (Discontinuity) networks in surface and subsurface such as obtained from borehole imaging, conventional observations and ctscan on cores, laser scan and drone observations on outcrops, and 3d seismic attribute volumes, and the novel DMX Protocol, a numerical code developed over the last 15 years to converge towards a more realistic Discontinuity Network representation in space, on the other.

This new methodology uses the following flow chart: The FMX protocol analyses datasets for mathematical characterizations of distributions of parameters such as size, spacing, orientation and truncations (distribution models such as Normal, Power Law, LogNormal, etc.). These data analyses tools are linked to different type of Data Driven Modeling technologies, already presented during the last 25 years, both in 2d and 3d (FPDM statistical mapping of orientation and density, 3d deterministic surface fitting) in order to obtain realistic 2d and 3d fracture and fault networks directly based and linked to the observations. On the other hand, the DMX 3d modeling protocol (launched in 2019), includes new features such as Fracture interaction, and IXTV truncation, termination and cross cutting in 3d space, all based on newly designed collision algorithms and fracture propagation principles. The DMX protocol furthermore permits modelling at any scale range of unlimited basic 3d fracture shapes, specific 3d fracture morphology, and 3d fracture aperture types. A complete integration between classical geological/geomechanical drivers such as stress ellipse, fault zones with 3d slip vectors, and different fold models (axial plane, fold axis and bedding orientation conditioning), geological assembly modelling such as joint spacing and set dependency, offset/faulting, and probabilistic conditioning of any of the parameters and drivers.

The newly presented work flow permits to integrate these technologies so that both the analyzed statistical distributions and the data driven 3d models can be successfully introduced inside the DMX 3d modeling, using its capabilities directly on the data driven models, and extending them into space towards unknown areas (e.g. inter well); I.e. the observed features are the germs of the 3d model itself. In this way the DMX protocol which has the capability of modeling an unlimited amount of combinations of geological parameters in 3d space, is now successfully integrated in the 3d modelling of the data directly observed on outcrops, seismic images and borehole Logs.

Case studies of the application of the workflow will be presented of 3d models built using different sets of observations of fracture and fault networks on various scales, as examples of the application of new technologies in Artificial Intelligence to complex 3d modeling.
Economic Modelling of the Delay in Passing the Petroleum Industry Bill in Nigeria and Its Impact on Deep Offshore Investments and Government Take Statistics
Authors: Ogolo Oghenerume , Nzerem Petrus
Published: November 2020

The petroleum industry bill (PIB) in Nigeria aims to reform the petroleum sector of the country and increase government revenue from petroleum investments. Despite the benefits the bill offers to the country, its passage has suffered several setbacks. This research therefore studied the impact of the delay in passing the bill on deep offshore investments. Economic models were built using the fiscal terms in PIB 2009 and 1993 production sharing contract (PSC) arrangement to evaluate the impact of the bill. The model with the 1993 PSC fiscal terms was adjusted to capture the delay in passing the bill. The bill was assumed to be passed on a yearly basis for 10 years (2010 to 2019). The impact of the delay in passing the bill based on the reserve portfolio of firms in the deep offshore region of the country was also evaluated. The delay in passing the PIB reduced the government take. It was seen that for the non-passage of the bill, the government lost about $1227.2 MM. When the bill was passed in 2019, the government had been losing about $11.843 MM on a yearly basis due to the delay in passing the bill.
Dynamics of the upper respiratory tract microbiota and its association with fatality in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Li Mingkun , Ren Lili , Wang Yeming , Zhong Jiaxin , Zhang Dingyu , Xiao Yan , Li Jie , Yang Jing , Fan Guohui , Guo Li , Shen Zijie , Liu Wen , Kang Lu , Shi Leisheng , Li Xia , Li Qiong , Li Jizhou , Di Lin , Li Haibo , Wang Conghui , Wang Ying , Wang Xinming , Zhou Xiaohui , Rao Jian , Zhang Li , Wang Jianbin , Huang Yanyi , Cao Bin , Wang Jianwei
Published: November 2020

The pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is ongoing globally, which is a big challenge for public health. Alteration of human microbiota had been observed in COVID-19. However, it is unknown how the microbiota is associated with the fatality in COVID-19. We conducted metatranscriptome sequencing on 588 longitudinal oropharyngeal swab specimens collected from 192 COVID-19 patients recruited in the LOTUS clinical trial (Registration number: ChiCTR2000029308) (including 39 deceased patients), and 95 healthy controls from the same geographic area. The upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiota in COVID-19 patients differed from that in healthy controls, while deceased patients possessed a more distinct microbiota. Streptococcus was enriched in recovered patients, whereas potential pathogens, including Candida and Enterococcus, were more abundant in deceased patients. Moreover, the microbiota dominated by Streptococcus was more stable than that dominated by other species. In contrast, the URT microbiota in deceased patients showed a more significant alteration and became more deviated from the norm after admission. The abundance of Streptococcus on admission, particularly that of S. parasanguinis, was identified as a strong predictor of fatality by Cox and L1 regularized logistic regression analysis, thus could be used as a potential prognostic biomarker of COVID-19. The generalization of the results in other populations and underlying mechanisms needs further investigations.
THE PEACOCK IN SUFI COSMOLOGY AND POPULAR RELIGION
Authors: Bruinessen Martin Van
Published: November 2020

In various cultural and religious contexts, from West Asia to Southeast Asia, we come across a number of quite similar creation myths in which a peacock, seated on a cosmic tree, plays a central part. For the Yezidis, a sect of Sufi origins that has moved away from Islam, the Peacock Angel, who is the most glorious of the angels, is the master of the created world. This belief may be related to early Muslim cosmologies involving the Muhammadan Light (Nur Muhammad), which in some narratives had the shape of a peacock and participated in creation. In a different set of myths, the peacock and the Tree of Certainty (shajarat al-yaqīn) play a role in Adam and Eve’s fall and expulsion from Paradise. The central myth of the South Indian Hindu cult of the god Murugan also involves a tree and a peacock. The myth is enacted in the annual ritual of Thaipusam, like the Nur Muhammad myth is still enacted annually in the Maulid festival of Cikoang in South Sulawesi. Images of the peacock, originating from South India, have moved across cultural and religious boundaries and have been adopted as representing the different communities’ peacock myths.
ISLAM, ETHNICITY, NATIONALISM, AND THE BURMESE ROHINGYA CRISIS
Authors: Woodward Mark
Published: November 2020

This article discusses the world’s most oppressed people, the Muslim Rohingya of Burma (Myanmar) through the lens of “state symbologies and critical juncture”. It further argues the amalgamation of Burmese-Buddhist ethno-nationalism and anti-Muslim hate speech have become elements of Burma’s state symbology and components. Colonialism established conditions in which ethno-religious conflict could develop through policies that destroyed the civic religious pluralism characteristic of pre-colonial states. Burmese Buddhist ethno-religious nationalism is responsible for a series of communal conflicts and state repression because it did not recognize Muslims and other minorities as full and equal participants in the post-colonial national project. Therefore, the cycles of violence and the complexities of inter-ethnic and inter-religious relations indicate that Burmese political culture has become increasingly violent and genocidal.
GINGIVAL DEPIGMENTATION BY GINGIVAL CERAMIC TRIMMER
Authors: Kabyik Goldar  , Chaubey Krishna Kumar , Swati Agarwal  , Agarwal Tanya
Published: November 2020

Cosmetic desires have improved with time and current trends speak volumes about gingival esthetics and smile designing. Gingival hyperpigmentation plays a negative role in an otherwise acceptable 'smile window'. In the present world, people are concerned more about their esthetics. Several techniques have been employed such as scalpel, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, chemical agents, abrasion, and laser method for the removal of melanin hyperpigmentation. The present case series were aimed to assess the efficacy of gingival soft tissue ceramic trimmer in gingival hyperpigmentation. Pain index (VAS), healing index (Landry, Turnbull & Howley index) and pigmentation index (Takashi et al. 2005) were evaluated to assess its efficacy. The results showed that ceramic trimmer has a lower pain index and a better healing index and delayed re-pigmentation index than rest all other procedures. Thus, it can be concluded that ceramic trimmer might prove to be a boon in achieving aesthetic satisfaction and could be used for depigmentation as it is very cost-effective, readily available and acceptable to the patient.
ASSESSMENT OF ENAMEL DECALCIFICATION IN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS
Authors: KUMAR MUKESH , Sommya Kumari  , Ambuj Chandna  , Dhirendra Pratap Singh  , Rameshwar Singh
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Enameldecalcification in the form of white spot lesion is a common complication seenin patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.Aims and Objective: To determine the prevalence of white spot lesionamongFixedorthodonticpatients,to compare the occurrence of WSL among the patients with lesser and greater duration of treatment, and to Fixed orthodontic compare between the gender groups.Materials & Method: A cross-sectional study was done to compare the prevalence of WSL between 300orthodontic patients and 100 non-orthodontic subjects. A further comparison was done between the meantreatment duration between orthodontic subjects of 6-18 months and >18 months, and between male and female samples. Subjects were visually examined on the second premolar to the second premolar in both maxillary andmandibulararchesusingGorelick'sWSL index. Descriptive statistics were calculated and independent t-test was used to compare the difference between the groups. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant.Result: The prevalence of WSL in orthodontic patients was 54.3%; among them, the prevalence was 40% inlesser treatment duration group and 68.7% in greater treatment duration group. The study found a significantdifference between the untreated non-orthodontic group and orthodontically treated group with respect to thenumber of teeth affected with WSL. Also, there was a significant difference between the categories oforthodontic treatment duration. There was no significant difference between male and female samples.Conclusion: Fixed orthodontic treatment increase the risk of white spot lesion. Duration of orthodontictreatment also showed a significant increase in the occurrence of WSL.
Four Pristionchus species associated with two mass-occurring Parafontaria laminata populations
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Ozawa Minami , Ota Yuko , Degawa Yousuke
Published: November 2020

Phoretic nematodes associated with two mass-occurring populations of the millipede Parafontaria laminata were examined, focusing on Pristionchus spp. The nematodes that propagated on dissected millipedes were genotyped using the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene. Four Pristionchus spp. were detected: P. degawai, P. laevicollis, P. fukushimae, and P. entomophagus. Of the four, P. degawai dominated and it was isolated from more than 90% of the millipedes examined. The haplotypes of partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I examined for Pristionchus spp. and P. degawai showed high haplotype diversity.
Oostenbrinkia pedrami n. sp. (Dorylaimida: Aulolaimoididae) from Iran, with molecular phylogenetic relationships to some other Dorylaimida Pearse, 1942
Authors: Afshar Farahnaz Jahanshahi
Published: November 2020

A population of the rarely collected aulolaimoidid genus, Oostenbrinkia, was recovered from the rhizosphere soil of Fagus orientalis in Mazandaran province, north Iran. Oostenbrinkia pedrami n. sp. is mainly characterized by long females, 920 µm with a 6 to 8 µm long odontostyle, 18 to 21 µm long odontophore with well-developed basal flanges, 124 to 187 µm long neck, vulva post equatorial (V = 58.5-61.0), and tail short (10-18 µm long, c  =  42.5-65.2, c′ = 0.6-0.9) and rounded. Compared to the generotype species, O. oostenbrinki, the new species has a longer odontostyle, total stylet, a posteriorly located vulva, and shorter rounded tail, and compared to the only one other representative, O. parva, longer females with longer odontostyle and total stylet. In molecular phylogenetic analyses using a near-full-length sequence of the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), the new species appeared as an independent basal lineage to the included ingroup species. This is the first molecular data of this family.
PLATAFORMA AVASUS COMO FERRAMENTA DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE DURANTE PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Augusto Silva Gustavo , Nóbrega Moreno Ingrid , De Andrade Pessoa Jéssica
Published: November 2020

No contexto de emergência da pandemia de COVID-19 no ano de 2020, este relato de experiência busca analisar e refletir acerca das experiências e percepções da utilização do Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem do SUS (AVASUS) como instrumento informativo profissional e acadêmico de temas relacionados à saúde, com enfoque para os módulos com conteúdo relacionado a COVID-19. Para isso, foi realizado acesso à plataforma online, AVASUS, bem como a inscrição nos módulos educacionais relativos a COVID-19. Somando 87 horas-aula  e 145.490 inscrições, esses módulos alcançaram grande repercussão, ofertando informações confiáveis e recentes sobre o vírus; manejo clínico de pacientes e cuidados dos próprios profissionais de saúde. Assim, o AVASUS apresenta-se como possível alternativa para a capacitação e atualização dos seus usuários em tempos de isolamento social.  

Palavras-chave: educação em saúde; covid-19; AVASUS.
A Comprehensive Overview of Perimidines: Synthesis, Chemical Transformations, and Applications
Authors: Harry Nissy Ann , Ujwaldev Sankuviruthiyil M. , Aneeja Thaipparambil , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: November 2020

Perimidines are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds with a wide range of
biological and material properties. Several synthetic transformations on perimidines afford
fused heterocycles. This review focuses on every aspect of perimidines, including different
synthetic procedures, reactions and applications, and covers the literature published up to the
year 2020, using more than 170 references.