bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF APPLYING PARAQUAT, ATRAZINE AND SIMAZINE FOR WEED CONTROL IN RASPBERRIES IN COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Freeman Jack A.
Published: March 2010

Early spring and fall applications of a mixture of paraquat 2.2 kg and simazine 2.2 to 3.4 kg/ha repeated over a 3-year period provided excellent weed control without adversely affecting raspberry yield. Paraquat 2.2 kg/ha applied in April gave good broadleaf weed control for 2 months and fairly good grass control for 3 months. Fall applications suppressed grasses and controlled winter annuals through to spring. Combining paraquat with simazine eliminated the need for pre-treatment hoeing or cultivation and prolonged weed control. Atrazine 3.4 and 5.6 kg/ha applied in the spring resulted in excellent control of grass and broadleaf weeds. But, fall applications were not as effective for weed control as the paraquat and hoe-plus-simazine treatments. Atrazine 5.6 kg/ha caused chlorosis and necrosis of the raspberry leaves and reduced yields. Simazine, on the other hand, caused little or no leaf injury, but it also reduced yields at the 5.6-kg rate. Fruit quality was not affected significantly by any treatment, although atrazine and simazine tended to increase ascorbic acid content.
ROCKET TOMATO
Authors: Allen H. T. , Walkof C.
Published: March 2010

not available
REACTION OF SOME WHEAT VARIETIES TO ASTER YELLOWS VIRUS
Authors: Chiykowski L. N.
Published: March 2010

Seven varieties of wheat belonging to the species Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum Desf. were exposed to viruliferous Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål) and found susceptible to a celery-infecting strain (CAYV) and a non-celery-infecting strain (NAYV) of aster yellows virus. The percentages of plants infected with CAYV and NAYV, respectively were: Thatcher 9 and 16; Selkirk 4 and 16; Cascade 10 and 50; Lemhi 10 and 24; Stewart 12 and 70; Ramsey 26 and 63; Pelissier 4 and 52. NAYV infected 42% of the plants tested whereas CAYV infected only 11%. Virus incubation in the plants ranged from 21 to 56 days. Symptoms included dwarfing, chlorotic blotching, chlorosis, necrosis and premature death. No heads developed on severely affected plants but small sterile heads with distorted awns developed on plants infected later. The virus strains could not be distinguished by their symptoms on wheat.
A 24-HOUR IMPACTION SPORE COLLECTOR
Authors: . Powell J. M , Morf W.
Published: March 2010

not available
A MODIFIED BEAN ROOT INITIATION TEST FOR AUXINS AND INHIBITORS
Authors: Poapst P. A. , Durkee A. B. , Nelson S. H.
Published: March 2010

Removal of tissues above the cotyledonary node from leafy stem cuttings of Contender beans, after imbibition and prior to potting in root initiation tests, increased the sensitivity to growth inhibitors, and reduced the variation in control plants. Response to small amounts of auxin increased slightly and declined for larger amounts.
EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, NUTRITIVE VALUE, AND SILICA CONTENT OF ROUGH FESCUE, FESTUCA SCABRELLA
Authors: Bezeau L. M. , Lutwick L. E. , Smith A. D. , Johnston A.
Published: March 2010

An area of native prairie containing 80% Festuca scabrella Torr., was fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus at increasing rates. Samples were collected at the heading stage, one and two years after the fertilizer was applied. A significant inverse correlation (r = 0.68**) existed between percent protein and percent silica in the forage. This and other data indicated that a protein content of 16% would be required to prevent the formation of uroliths in cattle. Phosphorus in the forage was adequate for beef cattle nutrition when phosphorus was applied at 200 kg or more per hectare. The percentage of cellulose was significantly (P <.01) less in the forage from plots fertilized in 1962 than in the forage from plots fertilized in 1961 (residual effect). The percentage of cellulose also decreased significantly (P <.01) with increasing rates of fertilization. Percentage of digestible cellulose and nutritive value index (N.V.I.) were not affected by level or year of fertilization.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF TOBACCO RINGSPOT VIRUS IN PELARGONIUM IN ONTARIO
Authors: Kemp W. G.
Published: March 2010

Simultaneous-infection and serological tests demonstrate that a ringspot virus associated with a disease of Pelargonium hortorum cv. Mme. Salleron is related to tobacco ringspot virus. This report is believed to constitute the first record of natural infection of Pelargonium by this virus.
SOME EFFECTS OF CARBARYL ON TWO APPLE CULTIVARS
Authors: Teskey B. J. E. , Kung S. D.
Published: March 2010

Carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) was applied as a fruit-thinning agent to McIntosh and Northern Spy apples in two consecutive seasons. Concentrations varied from 250 to 1,250 ppm carbaryl, and application times from 7 to 18 days after petal fall. Both cultivars were thinned to some degree at all concentrations and application times, McIntosh showing the greater response. No effect was noted on quality and keeping properties of the fruit, nor did carbaryl influence reducing-sugar and acid levels, and acid–sugar ratio. Bean stem curvature tests indicated that the chemical interfered with the transport system of the treated apple trees.
USE OF SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH Sr-90 FOR SEED PRODUCTION
Authors: Evans E. J. , Dekker A. J.
Published: March 2010

not available
A SURVEY OF WATER SUCTION FORCES IN SOME PRAIRIE WHEAT VARIETIES
Authors: Kaul Rudolf
Published: March 2010

not available
SUNFLOWER VARIETY ARMAVIREC
Authors: Putt Eric D.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE INACTIVATION OF VEINBANDING AND LATENT C VIRUSES IN STRAWBERRIES BY HEAT TREATMENT
Authors: Bolton A. T.
Published: March 2010

Treatment of strawberry roots with a solution of potassium permanganate, and a gradual increase in temperature made it possible to subject several strawberry varieties to 48 °C. Plants placed in a heat chamber and heated to 46.5 °C tested free of latent C virus. Some varieties of strawberry could be freed of both latent C and veinbanding viruses at 48 °C, while other varieties did not tolerate this temperature. It was concluded that latent C was inactivated at 46.5 °C and veinbanding at 48 °C.
COMPLEMENTARY TEMPERATURE-LABILE GENES FOR GROWTH INHIBITION AND DWARFING IN FLAX
Authors: Plessers A. G.
Published: March 2010

Growth inhibition and dwarfing occurred when F1 seedlings of strains F.H. 50 and F.H. 117 of the Ottawa Flax Collection were grown at temperatures below 17 °C. Prolonged exposures to these temperatures produced partial or complete lethality. Two dominant complementary genes were postulated to explain the inheritance of this reaction.
CHANGES IN ELECTRIC RESISTANCE OF LIVING AND INJURED TISSUES OF APPLE SHOOTS DURING WINTER AND SPRING
Authors: Wilner J.
Published: March 2010

The study indicated the possibility of testing the winterhardiness of outdoor plants without injuring their tissues by freezing or drying. Varietal differences in the electric resistance of living shoots of certain apples were recorded throughout the winter season. These differences were of the same order of magnitude as their frost-hardiness rating, which was previously established by applying controlled freezing tests. The association between the electric resistance and the varietal ratings of hardiness became less apparent during the spring weather when the shoots resumed growing.During winter the electric resistance of detached shoots, or of shoots whose roots were frozen, was generally lower than the resistance of similar, normally grown shoots. With the advent of spring weather, the electric resistance of all abnormally grown shoots greatly increased due to desiccation injury, whereas the resistance of all living shoots decreased with their resumption of growth. These findings suggested a viability test during winter for outdoor plants. The differences in electric resistance indicated a method for differentiating between winter injury of outdoor plants resulting from injured shoots and/or from injured roots. The method also assisted in determining the probable time and cause of such injuries.
TIME SERIES ANALYSIS IN AGROMETEOROLOGICAL PROBLEMS WITH EMPHASIS ON SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
Authors: Desjardins R. L.
Published: March 2010

This paper reviews the principles and use of spectrum analysis and discusses the effectiveness of combining multiple regression techniques with cross-spectrum analysis in time series studies. This method is useful in comparing the variations of an empirical index or the response of different instruments to environmental factors as a function of time. The variability of daily latent-evaporation estimates from a regression technique is examined and compared with evaporation readings from atmometers. A comparison is made of the variation in evaporation from two types of small atmometers and two types of tank evaporimeters. All four instruments appear to respond to meteorological parameters similarly at Swift Current and Ottawa.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON YIELDS AND HYDROLYZABLE CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT OF ALFALFA AND TIMOTHY SEEDLINGS
Authors: Dermine P. , Hidiroglou M. , Hamilton H. A.
Published: March 2010

Alfalfa and timothy seedlings were exposed to four temperature treatments, simulating conditions in an average growing season in northern Ontario. Highest yields were recorded under continuous warm temperature (26.7 °C day, 15.6 °C night) and the lowest under continuous cold temperature (15.6 °C day, 4.4 °C night). Warm temperature conditions followed by a cold period decreased growth rate, the effect being more severe on alfalfa than on timothy. Growth was slower at first for timothy than for alfalfa, but timothy growth rate eventually exceeded that of alfalfa.Alfalfa root weights showed a strong dependence on temperature and were closely related to herbage yields. Timothy root weights demonstrated a smaller reaction to temperature and little relationship with herbage production. Shoot: root ratios were higher in timothy than in alfalfa but showed no consistent relationship with temperature.Timothy had a higher hydrolyzable-sugar content than alfalfa. Continuous low temperature resulted in the lowest sugar content in both species, but exposure to low temperature following a warm period gave the highest content.
EFFECT OF N-DIMETHYLAMINOSUCCINAMIC ACID ON RIPENING AND RESPIRATION OF APPLE FRUITS
Authors: Looney Norman E.
Published: March 2010

The amount of chlorophyll in peel and flesh of apples was lower throughout the season when a spray of 4,000 ppm of N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (Alar) was applied in mid-May, two weeks after bloom. The pattern of chlorophyll disappearance during maturation and ripening was not altered, however, indicating that Alar did not noticeably advance or delay maturity. A mid-July application of 2,000 ppm significantly reduced respiration of stored fruit at 0 °C, whereas a mid-May 2,000-ppm spray did not. With most cultivars, the mid-May spray of 4,000 ppm reduced the respiration rate at 20 °C during the ripening phase.
YIELD PERFORMANCE OF UPRIGHT-LEAVED SELECTIONS OF WINTER WHEAT IN NARROW ROW SPACINGS
Authors: Stoskopf N. C.
Published: March 2010

Short-strawed, upright-leaved selections of winter wheat were compared with a tall, droopy-leaved check variety in wide (22.8- and 17.8-cm) and narrow (11.4- and 8.9-cm) row spacings at three seeding rates, to determine the best row width for highest grain yields and to determine whether an entry × row-spacing interaction could be measured. All entries produced more grain from narrow than from wide rows, in both years (1964 and 1966) and at all three seeding rates. This increase averaged 12.6% in the selections and 6.9% in the check variety. Highest yields were obtained at a seeding rate of 134 kg/ha, and in all cases the check variety outyielded the selections. The test demonstrated that higher grain yields were produced by a better spatial arrangement achieved by narrow row spacings, and that yield deficiencies in upright-leaved types could not be compensated for by a heavier seeding rate. While upright-leaved selections showed a greater increase in grain produced than did the check variety, no interaction with row spacings could be obtained statistically. It is suggested that lines which yield as high as check varieties in standard row-spacing tests (wide) may outyield the standard tall, droopy-leaved varieties in narrow rows. Short-strawed, upright-leaved selections emerging from the winter wheat program should therefore be tested in narrow row spacings so that these lines can express their full potential.
SAWKI, RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS
Authors: Lawrence T.
Published: March 2010

not available
INFLUENCE OF CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES ON THE GROWTH OF GLOEOSPORIUM ALBUM IN VITRO
Authors: Lockhart C. L.
Published: March 2010

The growth of Gloeosporium album in artificial liquid medium was reduced by decreasing the concentration of O2 but the addition of CO2 to the low O2 concentrations significantly stimulated the growth of G. album in some instances to equal that of control in air. These effects of O2 and CO2 on G. album in culture did not correspond to previously determined effects of such gas mixtures on development of Gloeosporium rotting of apples in storage.
PHYTOTOXICITY AND WIREWORM-CONTROL EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDAL DRESSINGS APPLIED TO CEREAL SEED UP TO A YEAR BEFORE PLANTING
Authors: Burrage R. H. , Gurba J. B.
Published: March 2010

Five different commercial liquid-insecticide seed dressings containing aldrin and/or heptachlor were applied separately to barley and wheat seed, which was then stored in cartons at outside temperatures for up to a year before seeding in the spring. Germination tests, and comparisons of plant stands and yields of grain in field tests, indicated that storage did not increase phytotoxicity or reduce protection from wireworms. Consequently, liquid-insecticide seed dressings may be applied to sound, dry barley or wheat up to a year before seeding, provided that storage conditions are good. The possible effects, during similar storage, of adding mercury fungicides to the treatments, or of treating damaged or damp seed, are considered.
EVALUATION DE L’IMPORTANCE RELATIVE DU SOL ET DE LA SEMENCE COMME SOURCE D’INOCULUM DE LA TACHE ARGENTEE DES POMMES DE TERRE AU MOYEN D’ESSAIS DE REPRESSION
Authors: Santerre Jacquelin
Published: March 2010

The disinfection of potato seed tubers with formalin, organic and inorganic mercury compounds is useless against silver scurf of potatoes caused by Helminthosporium atrovirens. Although generally good surface disinfectants, these fungicides cannot reach the mycelium of the fungus growing underneath the skin. When conditions are again favorable, the pathogen will grow conidiophores that will bear conidia, the germination of which is not impaired by the previous treatments.Cultural practices such as fallow, crop rotation as well as soil treatments with Lanstan (soil fungicide) or Vapam (soil fumigant) did not reduce the percentage of infected tubers at harvest when used in conjunction with apparently disease-free potato seed tubers.Besides showing the ineffectiveness of disinfecting potato seed tubers, these results indicate that evaluating the true health condition of seed-potatoes according to whether or not the fungus is present on the skin is not to be relied upon, that sorting out visibly infected tubers does not suffice to free a "seed" from the disease, and that cultural practices and chemical soil treatments are useless if the seed-potatoes are already infected, thereby laying emphasis on the infected potato seed tubers as the main source of inoculum for silver scurf.
EFFECTS OF ADDED SURFACTANT ON TOXICITY OF PICLORAM, 2,4-D AND 2,4,5-T TO POPULUS TREMULOIDES MICHX. AND P. BALSAMIFERA L. SAPLINGS
Authors: Corns Wm. G. , Dai Tze-sen
Published: March 2010

not available
EVALUATION OF A SELF-PROPELLED BINDER FOR HARVESTING RESEARCH PLOTS
Authors: Hergert G. B. , Hurd F. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS ON PLANT AND FRUIT DEVELOPMENT OF RASPBERRIES
Authors: Freeman Jack A. , Stace-Smith R.
Published: March 2010

The effects of tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV) on plant and fruit development of raspberries vary considerably, depending upon the variety. Infected Fairview plants were severely injured in the first two years of the plantation. Plant vigor and fruit yields were markedly reduced. In the third year there was a rapid decline of the plants, characterized by 10 to 80% of the fruiting canes being partly or completely killed, and leaves on the new cane growth of infected plants showing epinasty and early abscission. It is suggested that what was often considered to be winter injury may have been caused by infection with TomRSV. Infection in Newburgh, Sumner and Willamette raspberries had little or no effect on plant and fruit development.
VARIABILITY OF IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY AMONG CLONES OF BROMEGRASS AND ORCHARDGRASS
Authors: Christie B. R. , Mowat D. N.
Published: March 2010

Individual clones of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were harvested at corresponding stages of maturity within each species. The orchardgrass clones were harvested in 1962, and the in vitro digestibility (IVD) was based on the whole plant. Bromegrass clones, harvested in 1965 and 1966, were separated into leaves and stems. The IVD of each component was determined, and from these, the IVD for the whole plant was estimated.Among 444 orchardgrass clones, IVD values ranged from 49 to 68%. Most of the variation was attributed to genotypic effects. For approximately 250 clones of bromegrass, IVD values ranged from 66 to 75%, 58 to 73%, and 62 to 74%, for leaves, stems, and whole plants respectively. Over the 2-year period, differences among stems and whole plants were significant. Correlations between leaf and stem digestibilities were significant but of low magnitude. Ten clones of bromegrass had stems and leaves of equal digestibility.In bromegrass, IVD values showed no relationship to several phenotypic characteristics.
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF ROW SPACING AND FERTILIZER ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS
Authors: Lawrence T. , Heinrichs D. H.
Published: March 2010

A study was conducted from 1947 to 1966 to determine the long-term effects of row spacings and applications of ammonium phosphate fertilizer (16–20–0) on the productivity and persistence of Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch.The optimum row spacing for highest seed production was 0.9 m, whereas for highest forage production it was 0.6 m. The 280-kg/ha rate of fertilizer significantly increased the seed and forage yield over the 151-kg/ha rate, which in turn significantly increased the yield over the zero fertilizer treatment.Increases in precipitation in August and September increased the seed yield of Russian wild ryegrass the following year. Significant positive correlations were found between forage yields and precipitation during March, April, May, and the previous September for practically all treatments.Width of row increased with age of stand. During the 19-year period there was still bare ground between the grass rows seeded 0.9 and 1.2 m apart. These areas of bare ground were slightly narrower when fertilizer was used, indicating that fertilizer application tended to accelerate row-width development.Russian wild ryegrass was found to have excellent cold tolerance, drought tolerance and persistence. It survived through a long drought period and resisted invasion by weeds and volunteer grass seedlings after the third crop year.
INTERACTION VARIETE–REGIE CHEZ LE LOTIER
Authors: Girard J.-Marc , Chevrette J.-E.
Published: March 2010

not available
GERMINATION AND EARLY GROWTH OF GRASSES AT FOUR ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES
Authors: Smoliak S. , Johnston A.
Published: March 2010

Six native grass species, Bouteloua gracilis, Stipa comata, Koeleria cristata, Festuca scabrella, Andropogon scoparius, and Danthonia parryi, and six introduced grass species, Elymus junceus, Bromus inermis, Agropyron cristatum, Agropyron tricophorum, Festuca rubra, and Dactylis glomerata, were germinated and grown for 90 days at root-zone temperatures of 7, 13, 18, and 27 °C. In general, the introduced species were superior to the native species in percentage germination and speed of germination and germinated, emerged and grew more readily at lower root-zone temperatures. Introduced species produced about 10 times as much weight of leaf and about eight times as much weight of root as did the native species at comparable growth stages. The chances of establishment and successful early growth of seeded stands appeared to be better with introduced grass species than with native grass species.
RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: IV. EFFECT OF FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEAS
Authors: Maurer A. R. , Fletcher H. F. , Ormrod D. P.
Published: March 2010

Pea plants growing in "weighing lysimeters" were subjected to five soil-water regimes to determine their response to varying conditions of soil water imposed at different stages of development. Plants subjected to a minimal water stress developed luxuriantly and continued to grow up to the harvest period. Pea yield and plant height were not reduced, but fresh weight and dry matter were less if irrigation was applied when soil water fell to 60% rather than 88% of that available. A severe water stress after blossom reduced pea yield, irrespective of soil-water conditions prior to blossom. Plants which had been given ample soil water before blossom wilted visibly when a severe stress was imposed in the post-blossom period, yet wilting did not occur in plants subjected to severe water stress both before and after blossom. Severe water stress prior to blossom did not cause a decrease in pea yield if ample soil moisture was made available after blossom.
COMPETITION BETWEEN LINSEED FLAX AND SAPONARIA VACCARIA
Authors: Alex J. F.
Published: March 2010

Yields of flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed and straw were reduced by competition with 30 to 37 plants of Saponaria vaccaria L. (cow cockle) per m2 in field plots on heavy clay soil in Saskatchewan. Competition intensified as weed density increased. The presence of 400 weeds/m2 in 1964 and 1,013/m2 in 1965 reduced flax seed production by 61% and 73%, respectively. Competition produced a reduction in branching at the base and in the inflorescence of the flax plant rather than a reduction in the stand of flax.S. vaccaria plants were affected by competition as the density of this species was increased in a crop of flax. The average yield of straw, number of capsules, number of seeds and weight of seed per plant of S. vaccaria decreased with increasing density. At high densities, the number of seeds per capsule and weight per seed also decreased. The total yield of weed seed per plot increased with density up to around 67 to 127 plants/m2 in flax, but declined with higher densities. Straw production by S. vaccaria per plot continued to increase with increasing density.Total dry weight production by crop and weed together per unit area exceeded that of the crop alone.
NUTRIENT CONTENT OF FIELD-GROWN PEAS
Authors: MacLean K. S. , Byers D. L.
Published: March 2010

The average yearly nutrient content of field-grown pea leaves (Pride variety) showed very little change from year to year over a 3-year period. Seasonal variations indicated that the elements N, K, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn decreased as the season progressed while P, Ca, Mg and B remained relatively constant. Soil texture had very little effect on the nutrient content or yield. Climatic factors suggest that higher yields in 1964 were partly due to lower temperature and higher moisture conditions. All nutrients except Mo and B were adequate for normal growth. The varieties Pride, Dark Skin Perfection and Pluperfect showed similar seasonal variations and yields; however, they differed significantly in nutrient uptake at various stages of growth.
RESPONSE OF SIX-YEAR-OLD GRASS–ALFALFA PASTURES TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER IN NORTHEASTERN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Cooke D. A. , Beacom S. E. , Dawley W. K.
Published: March 2010

Two 6-year-old grass–alfalfa mixtures were compared when fertilized with 0, 84 and 168 kg nitrogen per hectare and grazed by yearling Hereford steers. The effect of stocking rate, fertilization, forage mixture and year on the cumulative liveweight gain per hectare was also determined. The bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixture showed a linear increase in dry matter yield, but the nitrogen requirement of the intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium L.) and alfalfa mixture was fully met by the 84-kg/ha N treatment. In 1960, the addition of 84 and 168 kg/ha N to the bromegrass–alfalfa increased animal production by 61 and 98% respectively. Corresponding increases of 53 and 56% were obtained from the fertilized intermediate wheatgrass–alfalfa mixture. Similar percentage increases were obtained in 1961. The 84-kg/ha N treatment reduced the alfalfa content of both mixtures by more than 40%. The 168-kg/ha N treatment practically eliminated the alfalfa from the stands. Nitrogen recovery by the bromegrass–alfalfa was similar at both fertility levels and amounted to 62% in 1960, and 24% in 1961. Recovery of nitrogen by intermediate wheatgrass–alfalfa was 62 and 36% from the 84- and 168-kg/ha N treatments in 1960, and 23 and 12% respectively in 1961.
LIMELIGHT GREEN-SHELL BEAN
Authors: Kemp G. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
A NEW TYPE OF SOIL JAR LID FOR USE IN MYCOLOGICAL TESTS
Authors: Smith Roger S.
Published: March 2010

not available
RESPONSE OF ZIGZAG CLOVER GENOTYPES TO MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Authors: Townsend C. E. , Dotzenko A. D. , Storer K. R. , Edlin F. E.
Published: March 2010

Ten genotypes of zigzag clover, representing various growth habits and harvested under three management practices, were evaluated for yield, height, spread, date of flowering, total nitrogen, and total available carbohydrates (TAC) in the rhizomes. Genotypes ranged from low-growing, pasture types to tall, upright, hay types. Management practices were harvest prior to flowering, harvest at early bloom, and harvest at full bloom. Significant differences were found among genotypes and among harvests for all factors measured except TAC. The more significant findings were: genotypes differed in yielding ability at each harvesting schedule; spread for all genotypes was excellent regardless of harvest treatment; flowering date in the spring was markedly influenced by date of last cutting the previous year; and harvesting practices had no effect on the TAC content in the rhizomes. Correlation coefficients were calculated among the pertinent characters. The r values between height and forage yield and spread and forage yield were highly significant.
LOW-TEMPERATURE GROWTH RESPONSES OF THE TOMATO
Authors: Kemp G. A.
Published: March 2010

The effects of low temperatures on several growth phases of the tomato were studied. The tests, each conducted over a 2-week period, included seed germination at 8.5 °C, rate of seedling growth at a night temperature of 10 °C, root and top growth of plants in soil at 15 °C, and fruit set at a night temperature of 4.5 °C.Varietal response to growth rate at low temperatures differed in all phases studied, and varieties that performed well in some phases did not always perform well in others. Of the varieties studied, six grew well under most of the low-temperature conditions. These were: Earlinorth, Bonita, Azerbidzivisky, P.I. 205040, P.I. 280597, and Cold Set.
GENOTYPE–ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION VARIANCES IN CEREAL YIELDS IN WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Baker R. J.
Published: March 2010

Yield data for barley, oats, hard red spring and durum wheats from 10 years of testing m western Canada were analyzed. Variety, variety × location interaction, and error components of variance were estimated and the relative values of the latter two were found to differ from those already reported in the literature. The relative values of the variety × location interaction and error variances are important factors in determining the optimum allocation of test sites within years, and in designing experiments to test different aspects of quantitative genetic theory. The year-to-year variability of these relative values as demonstrated in this study will have to be considered in certain applications of estimates of variance components.
INFLUENCE OF AIR TEMPERATURE, LIGHT INTENSITY AND SOIL MOISTURE ON THE GROWTH, YIELD AND SOME GROWTH ANALYSIS CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINOOK WHEAT GROWN IN THE GROWTH CHAMBER
Authors: Campbell C. A. , Read D. W. L.
Published: March 2010

The response of Chinook wheat to light intensity, air temperature and soil moisture stress was studied under controlled environmental conditions in a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial experiment.Increasing day temperature from 21 to 27 °C or night temperature from 13 to 21 °C did not affect tillering, but the plants had shorter, slimmer culms with smaller individual leaves, less total leaf area, and less vegetative and grain dry matter. Temperature changes had little effect on leaf area ratios and their influence on net assimilation rate and relative growth rate was inconsistent. Percent grain protein was increased by temperature.A reduction of light intensity from 17 to 6 cals cm−2hr−1 did not change individual leaf size, but did produce shorter plants with fewer tillers and weak culms. Vegetative, root and grain dry matter were reduced. Shading reduced the translocation of leaf assimilates and lowered the cellulose content of the straw, but increased percent grain protein.Plants developed more tillers at the lower moisture stress, but this difference disappeared by heading time. The lower stress resulted in taller, thicker-stemmed culms with a greater total leaf area, and greater yields of straw and root. The effect of moisture on leaf area ratio was small and its influence on net assimilation rate and relative growth rate was small and inconsistent. Its influence on grain yield varied with temperature; the latter interaction was traced specifically to the influence of moisture stress on seed set. The effect of moisture on percent protein and carbohydrates in grain and on percent cellulose in the straw was inconsistent.
SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHT IN FORESTS OF THE DOUGLAS FIR ZONE OF SOUTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Freyman S.
Published: March 2010

not available
CONTROL OF PYRENOPHORA BROMI IN BROMUS INERMIS BY BURNING CROP RESIDUES
Authors: Smith J. Drew
Published: March 2010

not available
A TECHNIQUE FOR RECOVERING SEEDS FROM FOREST NURSERY BEDS
Authors: Bloomberg W. J.
Published: March 2010

not available
NUTRITIVE VALUE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF FERTILIZED ROUGH FESCUE
Authors: Johnston A. , Bezeau L. M. , Smith A. D. , Lutwick L. E.
Published: March 2010

Samples of rough fescue, Festuca scabrella Torr., collected at five stages of growth from areas fertilized at various rates with nitrogen and phosphorus, were analyzed for crude protein, phosphorus, and cellulose; digestibility of cellulose was determined in vitro and the Nutritive Value Index (NVI) was calculated. Fertilization increased the percentage protein and phosphorus, the digestibility of cellulose, and the NVI, but decreased the percentage cellulose. In general, the increases or decreases depended upon the amount of fertilizer applied.
CHANGES IN COLD HARDINESS ACCOMPANYING DEVELOPMENT IN WINTER WHEAT
Authors: Roberts D. W. A. , Grant M. N.
Published: March 2010

The cold resistance of 18 varieties of winter wheat hardened in a growth chamber was studied at various stages of development and the results were compared with the field survival of these varieties.In the growth chamber two maxima of cold resistance were found, the first for the dry or freshly moistened seed and the second when plants had approximately 4 to 6 leaves. Varietal differences were found in the exact timing of this second maximum and in its duration. As a result, some varieties changed their rank for cold resistance as they developed.Partial agreement was observed between the field survival of varieties sown at different dates and the changes in cold resistance of these varieties as they developed in the growth chamber.From these tests, a procedure has been developed that should enable fairly reliable predictions to be made of field survival of winter wheat in any area where low-temperature resistance is the major factor in winter survival.
RELATIONSHIP OF PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS TO MATURITY, STALK POSITION, AND CERTAIN PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
Authors: Walker E. K. , Lee T. T.
Published: March 2010

Chlorogenic acids, scopoletin, and caffeic acid in green and cured leaves of flue-cured tobaccos harvested from various stalk positions at different stages of maturity were isolated and quantitatively determined. Total chlorophyll, which provided the basis of maturity classification, was measured in green samples. Lamina weight, grade index and visual lightness were determined in cured samples. Levels of the phenolics were related to chlorophyll, lamina weight, stalk position, grade index, and visual lightness.Chlorogenic acids increased from 33 to 500% during curing; levels in green and cured leaves varied from 0.1 to 1.9% (dry weight). Chlorogenic acids increased with advance in maturity and elevation in stalk position. Grade index was positively related to level of chlorogenic acids. Visual lightness was affected adversely by prolongation of the yellowing period, which was associated with both low and high levels of chlorogenic acids; therefore, visual lightness was rather poorly related to level of chlorogenic acids. Cured leaves contained less than 0.05% (dry weight) caffeic acid; none was detected in un-cured leaves. Levels of scopoletin and its glucoside were higher in cured than in green leaves; the amount of scopoletin was less than 0.03% (dry weight). Levels of caffeic acid and scopoletin in cured leaves were directly related to time of yellowing which increases with chlorophyll and lamina weight. Levels or scopoletin in green leaves increased with advance in maturity and elevation in stalk position.
EFFECT OF SOIL pH ON THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF SIMAZINE TO STRAWBERRIES
Authors: Leefe J. S.
Published: March 2010

not available
MODIFICATION OF OZONE DAMAGE TO PHASEOLUS VULGARIS BY ANTIOXIDANTS, THIOLS AND SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS
Authors: Dass H. C. , Weaver G. M.
Published: March 2010

Representative cultivars of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were treated with selected antioxidants, thiol compounds and sulfhydryl reagents and then exposed to ozone under laboratory conditions. Severity of the bronzing disorder was influenced by such treatments, as was the activity of peroxidase and lactic dehydrogenase enzymes.Dust applications of ascorbic acid and nickel-N-dibutyl dithiocarbamate markedly reduced ozone injury, the latter compound being the most effective. Decreased ozone sensitivity was also noted following treatment of a susceptible and a tolerant cultivar with cysteine hydrochloride and glutathione.The severity of bronzing was increased over that of the control plants by the application of sulfhydryl reagents, namely parachloromercuribenzoate and N-ethyl maleimide. Necrotic stipple of the upper surface of the lamina, a symptom associated with the bronzing disorder, was induced following treatment with the sulfhydryl reagents without exposure to ozone.Ozone fumigation increased peroxidase activity and decreased lactic dehydrogenase activity. Similar effects were observed following treatment with parachloromercuribenzoate. Neither enzyme showed response to the application of cysteine hydrochloride.The role of protein sulfhydryls is discussed in relation to ozone damage and the bronzing disorder.
INFLUENCE OF HARVESTING MANAGEMENT ON YIELD, CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES, ETIOLATED REGROWTH, AND POTASSIUM UPTAKE OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
Authors: Langille J. E. , MacLeod L. B. , Warren F. S.
Published: March 2010

Empire and Viking birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were seeded in mixtures with Climax timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and harvested for forage according to four management systems: (1) four cuts at pre-bud stage, (2) three cuts at 10% bloom stage, (3) two cuts at 50% bloom stage, (4) two cuts at 75–100% bloom stage. Management 4 produced the most forage in both harvest years. Birdsfoot trefoil root weights were generally higher for the two-cut system than for the three- or four-cut system. Etiolated regrowth from the birdsfoot trefoil roots did not differ significantly due to management m either year. The percent total available carbohydrates did not vary significantly between varieties under the different management systems. Frequent harvesting reduced the forage production of birdsfoot trefoil and the amount of K removed from the soil by the plants.
INTRA-SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE SELENIUM CONTENT OF VARIOUS FORAGE CROPS AT KAPUSKASING, ONTARIO
Authors: Lessard J. R. , Hidiroglou M. , Carson R. B. , Dermine P.
Published: March 2010

Six species of forage crops were analyzed for selenium content at weekly intervals during the summer of 1966 at Kapuskasing, Ontario. Based on average values for the season, the ranking of the six forage species by order of decreasing selenium content was: reed canarygrass, creeping red fescue, orchard-grass, bromegrass, timothy, and birdsfoot trefoil. Significant seasonal variations were observed in birdsfoot trefoil, timothy and orchardgrass. Selenium content tended to increase with advancing maturity in timothy and to decrease in birdsfoot trefoil. In orchardgrass, the initial increase in selenium content was followed by a decrease. There were no changes during the season in reed canarygrass, creeping red fescue and bromegrass. All plants sampled contained less selenium than required for the protection of beef calves against nutritional muscular dystrophy.
EFFECT OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON PROPAGATION OF SOFTWOOD, CONIFER AND HERBACEOUS CUTTINGS
Authors: Molnar J. M. , Cumming W. A.
Published: March 2010

Cuttings in an atmosphere enriched with CO2 or in carbonated mist rooted faster and produced more roots per cutting and more fresh and dry weight than the controls. Within a month, 88% of the Juniperus horizontalis cuttings rooted, compared with [Formula: see text] to 3 months for similar or lower rooting percentages in non-carbonated mist. The results with Thuja, Chrysanthemum, Potentilla and Weigela species indicate that additional CO2, either in the atmosphere or in carbonated water, produces larger and more vigorous rooted cuttings.
SPRING WHEAT VARIETY TRIALS IN THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES
Authors: Walton P. D.
Published: March 2010

A regression technique was used to analyze the behavior and adaptability of widely grown commercial strains of Canadian hard spring wheat. Yield advances achieved by plant breeding in the past 60 years were estimated. The analysis showed that the advantage derived from rust-resistant varieties has been to increase yields under high-productivity conditions. Manitou and Thatcher were shown to be the more widely adapted of the commercial strains considered. Park is adapted to high-productivity and Cypress to low-productivity conditions.The same method was used to analyze results from trials including strains from Mexico. Pitic 62 is a high-yielding variety shown to have low phenotypic stability. Of the strains tested, Carazinho is phenotypically the most stable but also has the lowest yield. This yield difference was particularly marked at the higher productivity levels.
CHLOROGENIC ACID LEVELS OF McINTOSH APPLES WITH SUNSCALD
Authors: Meheriuk Michael , Porritt S. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
DEVELOPMENT OF BARLEY NET BLOTCH FROM INFESTED STRAW AND SEED
Authors: Piening L.
Published: March 2010

not available
CADMIUM RESIDUES IN APPLE FRUIT AND FOLIAGE FOLLOWING A COVER SPRAY OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE
Authors: Ross R. G. , Stewart D. K. R.
Published: March 2010

In each of 3 years, cadmium was translocated to fruit of apple trees which had received one early cover spray of cadmium chloride. Foliage residues slowly declined throughout the season.
A RHIZOTRON FOR IN SITU ROOT GROWTH STUDIES
Authors: Hilton R. J. , Bhar D. S. , Mason G. F.
Published: March 2010

not available
PRECISE TEMPERATURE CONTROL FOR A DOMESTIC FREEZER
Authors: Voisey Peter W. , Moulton F.
Published: March 2010

not available
PROTEIN QUANTITY AND QUALITY AS FACTORS IN THE EVALUATION OF BREAD WHEATS
Authors: Bushuk W. , Briggs K. G. , Shebeski L. H.
Published: March 2010

In evaluating new wheat varieties for breadmaking quality, it is necessary to separate the effects of protein quality and protein content. By the remix bread baking test, there is a particular protein quality that gives the optimum baking performance. Poor baking results are obtained for wheats that are weaker or stronger as judged by the farinograph test. High-quality varieties such as Manitou give poor baking results by standard baking tests if the protein content is too low. For bread wheats of different protein quality, the loaf volume is positively correlated with protein content. Wheats that have too little or too much of the peculiar protein quality necessary for optimum bread quality as assessed by the remix baking test can be improved by physical modification of the dough by means of variable mixing. This procedure can be used in some cases to place wheats on a constant quality base, whereby different wheat varieties can give similar bread quality for the same protein content. For a single variety (Manitou) grown in the same location during two years, most of the standard breadmaking quality parameters are significantly correlated with protein content.
SEASONAL PRECIPITATION, EVAPORATION, SOIL MOISTURE, AND YIELD OF FERTILIZED RANGE VEGETATION
Authors: Johnston A. , Smoliak S. , Smith A. D. , Lutwick L. E.
Published: March 2010

Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied to range vegetation at five locations at rates ranging from 475 to 705 kg/ha N with or without from 380 to 545 kg/ha P. The addition of fertilizers increased average water-use efficiency at all locations. Average magnitude of the increase in relation to unfertilized controls was: control, 33.3 kg/ha dry matter produced per cm of water; P, 37.0 kg/ha/cm; N, 52.3 kg/ha/cm; and, N+P, 73.4 kg/ha/cm. Fall soil moisture had the greatest influence on yield of control and P-treated range vegetation, whereas June precipitation had the greatest influence on yield of N- and N+P-treated range vegetation.
EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT OF OLLI AND VANTAGE BARLEY
Authors: Faris D. G. , Krahn Lila , Guitard A. A.
Published: March 2010

A photoperiod-sensitive cultivar (Vantage) and a non-sensitive cultivar (Olli) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were grown under photoperiods of 8, 16, and 24 hr at 13 and 24 °C to study the relationship between apical and vegetative development of the seedling. The high temperature tended to accentuate the effect of short days in extending the vegetative period before floral initiation, but caused a shortening of the period between the formation of double ridges and the first arrival of a node at ground level (NGL). At 13 °C NGL coincided with the formation of stamen initials, but at 24 °C NGL occurred at progressively earlier stages of floral organogenesis as daylengths were shortened to 16 and 8 hr. The results suggest that almost invariably NGL can be used to indicate that floral initiation has occurred in a barley plant, but cannot be used to indicate stage of floral organogenesis under all conditions.
EFFECTS OF DILUTE SPRAYS OF SIMAZINE ON SPRING WHEAT
Authors: McNeal F. H. , Hodgson J. M. , Berg M. A.
Published: March 2010

In 1967, 18 spring wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) were grown in the field at Bozeman, Montana, and sprayed on three dates with low rates of 2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino) -s-triazine (simazine).The simazine treatments significantly affected both yield and percent protein. Yields decreased as rate of simazine increased and as wheat plants were more mature when treated. The May 16 and June 16 simazine treatments resulted in grain protein about 2% higher than the control, but this increase was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in yield of grain.A highly significant r value of 0.77 between grain protein and the grain to straw ratio suggests that grain protein is heavily dependent on total foliage production.
MEASUREMENT OF FROST HARDINESS IN TWO-YEAR-OLD DOUGLAS FIR SEEDLINGS
Authors: Driessche R. van den
Published: March 2010

Seasonal changes in electrical conductivity, impedance, cambial activity and apical growth were investigated during three winters in relation to frost hardiness of two-year-old Douglas fir seedlings. Conductivity of stem diffusate and stem impedance, following freezing at −9.5 °C for 16 hours, were well correlated with hardiness of potted plants to the same treatment. Cessation and commencement of cambial activity coincided quite closely with development and loss of hardiness, but terminal bud formation was a poor indicator of hardiness. Seasonal changes in conductivity were associated with concentration changes of potassium in the diffusate. Hardiness of both nonhardy and hardy seedlings was unchanged by storage at 0–2 °C in plastic-lined bags in darkness.
CONSISTENCY OF REACTION IN WHEAT LINES TO COMMON ROOT ROT
Authors: Sallans B. J. , Tinline R. D.
Published: March 2010

Field trials distributed throughout the Prairie Provinces in western Canada indicate that any location is suitable for the selection of wheats for resistance to common root rot caused by Cochliobolus sativus, providing the level of infection is sufficiently high. Wheat lines originally selected for resistance were consistently resistant in field tests at all locations. Three of four lines were significantly more resistant than Thatcher, one of the most resistant of the commercial varieties. A high consistency in the reaction of lines selected for susceptibility also was evident in the tests. A significant interaction in the analysis of variance found between wheat lines and locations might be interpreted as indicating the occurrence of differentially pathogenic races of the fungus. Other explanations, however, are offered for this interaction effect.
HERBICIDAL PROPERTIES OF SUBSTITUTED INDANS
Authors: Frank Richard
Published: March 2010

The mixed isomers 1,1-dimethyl-4,6-diisopropyl-5-indanyl ethyl ketone and 1,1-dimethyl-4,6-diisopropyl-7-indanyl ethyl ketone (substituted indans) were assessed for their herbicidal properties under field, greenhouse, and growth chamber conditions. While grasses showed varying degrees of susceptibility, broadleaved weeds appeared resistant. Phytotoxicity to sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.), and foxtail (Setoria sp.) was accentuated by lowering the temperature. Reduction of beet stands in the field was more pronounced by preplant and incorporation treatments than by preemergence; however, normal stands and yields could be obtained from applications of 1.7 and 3.4 kg/ha.
ALTERATION OF EXOGENOUSLY APPLIED INDOLEACETIC ACID TO NON-INDOLIC SUBSTANCES IN APPLE LEAF
Authors: Taper C. D. , Davies Eric
Published: March 2010

not available
SIGNIFICANCE OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION BY CEPHALOSPORIUM GRAMINEUM TO ITS SAPROPHYTIC SURVIVAL
Authors: Bruehl G. W. , Millar R. L. , Cunfer Barry
Published: March 2010

Of several hundred isolates of Cephalosporium gramineum from nature, all produced a wide-spectrum, antifungal antibiotic. In contrast, certain single-spore isolates from cultures maintained at 6 °C for 2–5 years on potato dextrose agar produced little or no antibiotic. This suggests that in nature a selective force acts to preserve antibiotic producers and to eliminate nonproducers.Selection pressure in favor of antibiotic producers apparently is not exerted in the parasitic phase, because both antibiotic producers and nonproducers are pathogenic. Mycelial growth rates do not give a selective advantage to antibiotic producers as they usually grow more slowly than do nonproducers. The antibiotic itself does not exert selective pressure on nonproducers since nonproducers are not inhibited in culture by producers.Antibiotic producers established in straw reduce the invasion of the straw in soil by other fungi more than do the nonproducers. These observations support the hypothesis that the antibiotic aids the survival of C. gramineum in its saprophytic phases, and that selection pressure in favor of antibiotic producers is probably exerted while the fungus is in the soil.