bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization tools of education network
Authors: Benovska L.
Published: July 2021

It is determined that school as a center of human capital formation, and as an institution requiring effective funding and management is the asset of the territorial community development. The main problems of the development of educational network of territorial communities in Lviv region related to the inconsistency of the educational network development to the demographic situation in the region, as well as the inefficient management system of educational institutions are identified in this paper. Non-optimized educational network is a burden on the development of the local community, as the community is forced to spend its own funds to finance educational needs, which in turn limits the funding of other activities, including infrastructure expenditures, development expenditures which are important for community life. The implementation of administrative and territorial decentralization reform faciliated the strengthening of local authorities role in educational infrastructure management, the increase of educational institutions autonomy and active public involvement in solving the problems of their management. The main tools for optimizing the educational network of local communities in the context of decentralization reform are identified and analyzed in this paper. The author considers them as: change of the principles of funding and transition to «funding per student», use of educational subvention and quantitative criteria for funding schools from the state budget, formation of educational districts and support institutions. Compared to other regions, Lviv region has dynamically reformed its educational network. However, the united territorial communities of Lviv region are less active founders of basic educational institutions than districts, and the students who study there, demonstrate lower level of knowledge in the assessment of the state final attestation and externally independent assessment. The influence of the educational subvention on the changes of the educational network in Lviv region is determined. It is determined that the use of buffers in the calculation of the index of financial capacity of the school network in 2021, significantly affected the level of differentiation of the index of financial capacity. This approach can be an obstacle to the optimization of the school network.
IT-sector under pandemic conditions: challenges and the ways to overcome them
Authors: Danylevych N. , Poplavska O. , Vasylenko A. , Bendyk A.
Published: July 2021

Theoretical and methodological investigations of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the IT sector activities are carried out. It is noted that IT sector has shown great flexibility and speed in adapting to changes and has not lost its strong position. Two factors that influence IT sector development are human capital and public policy. It is demonstrated how quarantine restrictions have effected IT sector in the global and national economies, and the consequences of those restrictions at the present stage are analyzed. Challenges and risks caused by the situation with Coronavirus for future activities of IT companies are investigated, and ways to overcome the crisis in the near future are proposed. The authors investigated the status of the daily operations of companies that have switched to remote work and noted that without digital solutions brought by the IT sector it is impossible to ensure not only the livelihood of people but also normal work in many sectors of the economy. The companies transition to new operation forms is analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of remote work according to the respondents’ opinion are shown. It is also shown that in order to implement the remote work successfully it is necessary to involve greater mobilization and faster decision-making process. In comparison with other economy sectors, the IT sector is more resilient to the strict quarantine measures due to the possibility of remote operation. IT companies began to diversify their projects. The development of IT sector and the successful operation of IT companies depend on the qualifications of IT professionals, their skills, and their desire to work effectively. It is noted that during such difficult times especially, the dialogue between the state and business should be at the highest level in order to manage the situation with minimal losses. It is substantiated that it is necessary to take into account the strategy of the Ukrainian IT sector development: reduction of the disparity in the demand and supply of highly qualified specialists, remote employment, stopping possible loss of professionals due to immigration. In addition, companies themselves need a special policy to attract and retain people, especially highly qualified and talented professionals, in order to occupy the leading positions in the market.
Foreign experience of service sales promotion and its application in the Ukrainian market
Authors: Dolgalova O. , Karasova M. , Konyevа A.
Published: July 2021

At present, in order to organize the company effective operation and achieve high performance indices, at the enterprise as a whole, great attention should be paid to the process of sales activity organization. With increasing competition in the markets, increasing consumer demand for quality of goods and services, reducing solvency and consumer demand, it becomes clear that it is necessary to implement an effective system of sales activity organization, as nowadays almost every company is relevant to today's issues and sets itself the task of optimizing and improving sales sactivities and reducing costs. In general, this paper is devoted to the identification of the features of foreign experience in service sales promotion and the possibility of its application in the Ukrainian market. For deeper investigation, we turned to the historical origin of “incentive” concept considered the interpretation by domestic scientists of the essence of service sales promotion and noted the main difference from any other means of communication. However, speaking about communication, we identified the relationship between sales and advertising and considered the historical origin of the concept of “ATL” - above the line and “BTL” - below the line, which are often found in modern marketing literature. Having determined the nature and direction from which the service sales promotion acquires its purpose, we formulated the main reasons why interest in this issue remains relevant today and its main advantages and disadvantages. The essence of the American and Japanese models of service sales promotion are investigated and trends in this phenomenon in foreign business entities are summarized. According to the results of the investigation, we indicated which model is more reasonable to use in the Ukrainian business market and how it will benefit for further growth of sales volume. We proposed to combine incentive methods into several large groups and described their main differences. For effective use of the acquired knowledge, we formed the measures due to which it is possible to improve the sales system in different directions of influence.
Application of foreign methods of labor motivation at Ukrainian enterprises
Authors: Dolgalova O. , Remesnik T.
Published: July 2021

This paper is devoted to the investigation of the motivation concept, study and analysis of foreign experience in motivating employees and the selection of elements that can be adapted in Ukrainian enterprises. The theoretical foundations of the staff motivation concept are considered in this paper. It is found that the staff motivation has significant impact on the staff and enterprise efficiency. The main tasks of employee motivation are determined. They are as follows: the formation of understanding of the employees motivation system, the establishment of psychological climate in the team; creating democratic approaches to personnel management. The main types of staff motivation are identified as tangible and intangible. The main means of material and intangible employees motivation are considered. Since without the staff interest it is impossible to solve the enterprise problems, motivation becomes an important task for the enterprise. In order to increase the material and moral interest of employees, to develop and improve the incentive mechanism the experience of developed countries in this area is taken into account in this paper. Foreign experience is considered to identify the optimal model of employee motivation at Ukrainian enterprises. Motivation systems of such leading countries as Japan, France, USA and Germany are studied. The ways of motivating employees in such leading companies as Google, Zappos, Huffington Post, Procter & Gamble, Apple, IBM and AT&T, Nihon Shokken are considered. Elements of French, German, American and Japanese motivation systems are generalized. The main elements of these foreign systems of employee motivation are identified: individualization of wages; incentives for staff training, arrangement of recreation areas, motivational monitoring, etc. From foreign experience, we can seen that motivation makes it possible to solve the problems related to the improvement of employee productivity. Therefore, the elements that can be adapted to national traditions of personnel management and used in Ukrainian enterprises for effective human resource management are highlighted in this paper.
Etnobotanička primjena biljaka i samoniklih gljiva u narodnoj medicini i ljudskoj prehrani
Općine Vitez (Bosna i Hercegovina)
Authors: Vitasović-Kosić Ivana , Gugić Katarina , Dorbić Boris
Published: July 2021

Na širem području zapadnog Balkana ljudi su često tijekom povijesti gladovali, iako ih je okruživala vrlo bogata jestiva samonikla flora. U ovom radu dokumentirana je upotreba samoniklog bilja i gljiva na području Općine Vitez, kao i podaci o specifičnim lokalnim nazivima biljaka, njihovoj upotrebi, tradicijskim običajima i nematerijalnoj baštini vezanim uz samoniklo bilje i gljive. Dubinskim polustrukturiranim intervjuima zabilježeno je 66 biljnih vrsta (koje su raspoređene unutar 39 biljnih porodica) i 9 vrsta gljiva (unutar šest porodica). Prema rezultatima istraživanja najveći broj biljaka se koristi kao ljekovito bilje (53 vrste) i kao hrana za ljude (34 vrste). Vrste s najvećom frekvencijom jesu: Rubus idaeus, Urtica dioca, Vaccinium myrtillus, Sambucus nigra, Taraxacum officinale, Corylus avellana itd. Ovim istraživanjem zabilježene su zanimljive upotrebe: svježa salata od vrste Stellaria media (mišjakinja), čaj od cvjetova Hedera helix (bršljan) za liječenje gnojnih krajnika i fistula te ljekovita mast protiv ozeblina od Loranthus europaeus (žuta imela). Kao najčešće konzumirane samonikle gljive zabilježene su: Boletus edulis (ljetni / pravi vrganj), Lactarius sanguifluus (krvava mliječnica) i Cantharellus cibarius (lisičarka). Zaključno, tradicionalna upotreba samoniklog bilja još uvijek je dosta zastupljena u svakodnevnom životu stanovnika istraživanog područja te se i dalje prenosi usmenim putem s generacije na generaciju.
Učinkovitost strojeva za doradu u poslovnom procesu proizvodnje sjemena lucerne
Authors: Beraković Ivica , Ivanišić Ilonka , Plavšić Hrvoje , Josipović Marko , Jukić Goran , Tucak Marijana , Krizmanić Goran
Published: July 2021

U procesu proizvodnje kvalitetnog sjemena lucerne potrebno je proizvesti sjeme te ga adekvatno doraditi i skladištiti u skladu sa zakonskim aktima i pravilima struke. Stoga je i cilj ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi koji su dijelovi dorade kritične točke dorade te odrediti stupnjeve iskoristivosti svake pojedine faze dorade i tako utvrditi koja faza dorade koliko doprinosi kvaliteti sjemena. U RH najveće količine sjemena proizvode se na području Istarske županije i provedenim istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno pet proizvođača s navedenog agroekološkog područja tijekom tri uzastopne proizvodne godine (2017., 2018. i 2019.). Primarna dorada odrađena je na selektoru i gravitacijskom odjeljivaču, a sekundarna na magnetnom odjeljivaču. Čistoća naturalnog sjemena dopremljenog na doradu kretala seu rasponu od 76% do 92%. Iskoristivost sjemena u doradi u trogodišnjem istraživanju iznosio je 76,14 %. U procesu dorade sjemena lucerne najveća količina otpada bila je na selektoru i kretala se od 16,6% do 19,8%, dok su otpadi na magnetnom odjeljivaču u svim godinama dorade bili sličnih vrijednosti i iznosili u prosjeku 5,9 %. Proces dorade potrebno je provoditi sve dok se ne dostigne propisana kvaliteta sjemena. Rezultati istraživanja o učinkovitosti strojeva za doradu sjemena lucerne ukazuju na ovisnost o ulaznim parametrima naturalnog sjemena, a najviše o prisustvu brojnih primjesa na konačnu količinu i kvalitetu sjemena lucerne
New triticale varieties of the BC Institute
Authors: Maričević Marko , Ikić Ivica , Ivanušić Tomislav , Stepinac Domagoj , Sever Matija , Jukić Katarina
Published: July 2021

Pšenoraž (X Triticosecale Witt.) ili tritikale je vrsta strnih žitarica nastala križanjem pšenice i raži. Pšenoraž se u proizvodnji pojavljuje u drugoj polovici dvadesetog stoljeća. Zbog svojih bioloških svojstava i napretka u selekciji areal uzgoja i proizvodne površine pšenoraži povećavaju se iz godine u godinu. Zadnjih godina u svijetu se pšenoraž sije na preko 4 000 000 ha, a najveći proizvođači su Poljska, Njemačka i Francuska. U Republici Hrvatskoj se proizvodnja pšenoraži unazad nekoliko godina višestruko povećala, a trenutno se sije na preko 15 000 ha. U proizvodnji su prisutne ozime, fakultativne i jare forme pšenoraži. Rad na oplemenjivanju pšenoraži u Bc Institutu pokrenut je početkom 1990-ih godina. Prva ozima sorta pšenoraži Bc Goran priznata je 2004. godine te je trenutno najzastupljenija sorta u Republici Hrvatskoj. Kontinuitet uspješnog oplemenjivanja potvrđen je priznavanjem ozime sorte Bc Ranko 2010. godine, a nastavljen 2019. godine priznavanjem sorata Bc Trenk i Bc Zmaj. Bc Trenk je ozima sorta rane vegetacije, niske stabljike te odlične otpornosti na bolesti pšenoraži. Bc Zmaj je fakultativna sorta, vrlo rane vegetacije, niske stabljike te također dobre otpornosti na bolesti pšenoraži. Prema rezultatima Komisije za priznavanje sorata Republike Hrvatske u dvogodišnjem ispitivanju Bc Trenk je ostvario 24,2%, a Bc Zmaj 15,6% veći urod zrna u odnosu na standardnu sortu.
Queering the French Académie
Authors: Tudisco Jordan
Published: July 2021

Trans and non-binary communities have long known the importance of linguistic practices and the power that determining the meaning of words and which words fit has over one’s feelings of validation, visibility, acceptance and existence. In the French-speaking context, and in France, especially, trans and non-binary people not only have to construct their identities within a strongly binary language but also face the gatekeeping and constraining power of the French Académie. This article examines the linguistic practices of trans users on two online forums and highlights three main strategies used by French-speaking trans and non-binary individuals: (1) the non-normative use of binary grammatical gender to index non-binary identities, (2) the reframing of body parts as either non-indexical of sex/gender or as indexing only one’s self-identified sex/gender, and (3) the use of English terminology.
A Review of COVID-19 Recovery and the Benefits of an Osteopathic Approach
Authors: Haney Taryn , Worsham-Frye MikaelAnn , Bray, DO, MSEd, FACOI, FACP Natasha
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 continues to be a major societal disruptor that threatens the wellness and health of millions of people worldwide. We rightfully celebrate the over 20 million survivors in the United States, yet, what constitutes actual recovery, as many face continuing repercussions of their illness? This paper reviews COVID-19, focusing on its sequela of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the accompanying intensive care unit stay, treatment options and its increased morbidity. Outlined is the importance of long-term, comprehensive care for post-infection patients, as well as the numerous barriers to adequate care. We suggest looking to doctors of osteopathic medicine to bridge the gaps in multifactorial care, including psychological and physical dysfunction. Osteopathic medicine is discussed as a potential benefit during this pandemic by reviewing its effectiveness in a previous pandemic. However, additional work must be conducted to improve awareness of needed care and delivery of that care.
Modern Türk Romanında İnsanlığın ve Yaratılışın İlk Günlerine Metinlerarası Bir Yolculuk: Âdem ile Havva Kıssasının Yeniden Yorumları
Authors: Özdemir Ayşe Nur
Published: July 2021

Rabb’in sözünün insanlara aktarımının somutlaşmış biçimi olan kutsal metinler, edebiyatın birçok şubesinin ve diğer sanatların, yüzyıllardan beri önemli kaynakları arasındadır. Özellikle Batı edebiyatının ve kültürünün oluşmasında İncil’in tesiri çok büyüktür. Benzer şekilde Kur’an-ı Kerim hem klasik Türk edebiyatı hem de halk edebiyatı ürünlerinin büyük çoğunluğuna nüfuz etmiş; onları içerik ve kurgu noktasında beslemiştir. Kur’an’dan kişiler, olaylar, ibret verici kıssalar, yol gösterici ve doğruluğu telkin eden ayetler çıkış noktası yapılarak oluşturulan hikâyeler, Türk edebiyatındaki birçok klasik ve modern eserin içeriğini zenginleştirmiştir. Modernleşme ve sonrasında gelişen süreçte ise kutsal metinler zengin bir kaynak olarak romana ve diğer anlatı türlerine sirayet etmeyi, onları beslemeyi sürdürmüştür.Özellikle postmodernizmden sonra, kutsal metinlere yönelim, anlatı türlerine farklı şekillerde yansır. Postmodernizmle ilişkilendirilen ve aşağı yukarı onunla aynı zamanda (1960’lar sonrası) çıktığı üzerinde fikir birliği olan metinlerarasılık kuramı, roman yazma pratiğini benzer şekilde zenginleştiren bir teknik açılım sunar. Postmodernizmin çoğulculuk anlayışı ve her türlü farklılığı yok sayan eşitleyici tutumu özellikle geleneksel anlatılara, kutsal metinlere kucak açar. Parodi, pastiş, yeniden-yazma gibi metinlerarası tekniklerle geleneksel ve dinî metinler romanın çok katmanlı kurgusuna dâhil edilir ve çoğulculuk anlayışının sergilenmesinin bir yöntemi olur. Bundan dolayı bu makalede kuramın bilinçli bir şekilde kullanılmaya başlandığı 1970 sonrasındaki Türk romanlarının kutsal metinleri dokularına, kurgu ve içeriklerine nasıl sindirdiği Âdem ile Havva kıssası üzerinden irdelenecektir.
İbnülemin Mahmut Kemal İnal'ın Yetîm-i Alîl Hikâyesi Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Biçer İsmail Alperen
Published: July 2021

İbnülemin Mahmut Kemal İnal, her ne kadar biyografi ve monografi türünde kaleme aldığı eserlerle tanınsa da edebiyat âlemine şiirle intisap etmiş, hikâye ve roman denemeleri kaleme almış, süreli yayınlarda faaliyet göstermiş bir şahsiyettir. Ancak onun bir biyografi yazarı olarak elde ettiği haklı şöhret ve mazhar olduğu ilgi diğer pek çok eserinin gölgede kalmasına neden olmuştur. Resimli Gazete’de yayımlanan Yetîm-i Alîl başlıklı hikâye de bu eserlerinden biridir. Ahlak, merhamet ve riyakârlık kavramlarına yapılan vurguyla dikkat çeken bu hikâyenin konusu, babasını kaybeden bir çocuğun içinde bulunduğu acıklı durum ve yardım arayışıdır. Birinci tekil anlatıcının bakış açısıyla kurulan bu edebî metin ile hikâye türünün Tanzimat döneminde görülen ilk örnekleri arasında kurgu, içerik, dil ve üslup özellikleri bakımından benzerlikler söz konusudur. Metin tahlili yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışma, Yetîm-i Alîl başlıklı hikâyeyi yapı, içerik, dil ve üslup özellikleri bakımından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışma, hikâyenin yeni yazıya çevrilmiş hâlini de ihtiva etmektedir.
Kırklareli Hapishanesi
Authors: Kurtişoğlu Gülay
Published: July 2021

1858 Ceza Kanunu’yla hapis cezası asli bir ceza olarak Osmanlı Hukuku’nda yer almaya başlayınca, asli bir ceza infaz kurumu olarak da hapishaneler inşa edilmeye başlanmıştır. Osmanlı Dönemi’nde modern anlamdaki hapishanelerin yapılanması, Tanzimat ve Sultan II. Abdülhamit dönemlerine rastlar. Sultan II. Abdülhamit döneminde ülkenin pek çok yerinde kâgir, tek veya iki katlı, eski binalardan dönüştürülen veya şahıslardan kiralanan hapishaneler yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Bu dönemde inşa edilen Kırklareli Hapishanesi de bunlardan biridir. Kırklareli’de 1867 yılında bir hapishane inşaatına başlanmış ancak bu hapishane,1888 yılında ihtiyaca cevap veremez hale gelmiştir. Zamanla tamir edilse de yeterli gelmemiş, Hasip Paşa’nın mutasarrıflığı döneminde Hükümet Konağı ve Jandarma Dairesiyle birlikte hapishane yeniden inşa edilerek 1892 yılında tamamlanmıştır. Zamanla eklemelerle özgün planı değişen Kırklareli Hapishanesi, dönemin hapishane binalarıyla benzer özellikleri ve plan şemasıyla önemli bir kamu yapısıdır. Daha önce mimari açıdan incelenmeyen Kırklareli Hapishanesi detaylı olarak ele alınmıştır.
Orhon Yazıtlarında Özgürlük ve Başkaldırı Kavramları
Authors: Ayaz Eyup Sertaç
Published: July 2021

Özgürlük; ilk çağlardan itibaren tüm insanlığı düşündüren bir kavram olmuştur. İnsanın her türlü dış etkiden bağımsız, kendi iradesine dayanarak hareket etmesi anlamına gelen özgürlük, başkaldırabilmektir. Bu nedenle bu iki kavramı birlikte ele almak yerinde olacaktır. Özgürlük ve başkaldırı kavramları üzerine tartışmalar günümüzde de devam etmektedir. Tarihte özgürlük uğruna birçok mücadeleye girişilmiştir. Türk tarihine baktığımızda da özgür bir ölümü esir bir yaşama tercih eden bir milletin hikâyesiyle karşılaşırız. Yazıtlarda bağımsızlığa ulaşmak için esaret ve zulme karşı sergilenen başkaldırı, özgürlüğün temel göstergesi olarak karşımıza çıkar. Kök Türkler de özgürlüğü kendisine karakter edinmiş ve bağımsızlığın, yeniden dirilişin ve özgürlüğün simgesi olarak seçilen ‘kurt’ ile bu bilinç sembolleştirilmiştir. Tüm insanlık; haysiyetini, onurunu özgürlük uğruna savaşan kahramanlara ve onlara koşulsuz destek veren kahraman milletlere borçludur. Bu çalışmada; eski Türk yazıtlarının söz varlığı ve tarihi belgeler ışığında; kaynak tarama, kritik ve analiz gibi nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak insanın onurlu bir yaşam sürdürebilmesinin ön koşulu olan özgürlük ve başkaldırı kavramları kavram alanlarıyla ele alınarak mahiyeti ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.
A evolução do conflito dos estivadores portuários na Espanha
Authors: Ojeda Avilés Antonio
Published: July 2021

O artigo trata da questão do trabalho portuário na Espanha, demonstrando os caminhos pelos quais tomaram rumo o conflito entre empregados e empregadores, potencializado, neste setor, pela interferência realizada pelo Estado, e, indiretamente, pela Comunidade Europeia. Por meio de uma análise crítica e de jurisprudência comunitária, o autor demonstra que as recentes alterações na legislação portuária causaram prejuízos à classe trabalhadora, retirando-lhe condições mais favoráveis anteriormente percebidas em atendimento aos clamores da liberalização dos portos, o que vai ao encontro da livre concorrência e do princípio da “maior atratividade”. Com isso, demonstra-se que a intervenção estatal espanhola na questão, por meio da edição de novos atos normativos, viola direitos previstos na Convenção 137 da OIT, ratificada pela Espanha, ao passo que sua edição é motivada pela intervenção do setor econômico na atividade pública, operacionalizada pelo governo conservador instalado no país em questão à época.

 

Palavras-chave: trabalho portuário; conflito; mediação; livre concorrência; valor social do trabalho.
O tráfico de pessoas para fins de trabalho escravo no Brasil e no Chile
Authors: Corrêa Borges Paulo César , Mittelmann Germer Ana Paula
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo aborda o tráfico de pessoas e o trabalho escravo, temáticas que infelizmente se mostram atuais e cuja discussão é importante para que o combate ao problema seja fortalecido. Os direitos humanos desses indivíduos explorados são constantemente violados em prol do lucro e o tráfico de pessoas, por exemplo, é uma das atividades mais lucrativas hodiernamente. Um importante documento que buscou combater tal crime é o Protocolo de Palermo, criado em 2000, sendo considerado um marco no combate ao tráfico de pessoas, prevendo inclusive suas diversas finalidades. Assim, analisa-se o tráfico de pessoas para fins de trabalho escravo no Brasil, realizando um estudo de nossa legislação e das formas de combate utilizadas no país. Também será apresentado um estudo do tráfico de pessoas para fins de trabalho escravo no Chile, averiguando da mesma forma sua legislação e formas de combate. Destaca-se a escolha pelo Chile também como objeto de estudo por se tratar do país da América Latina com os menores índices de escravidão moderna. Por fim, será realizada uma comparação entre ambos os países em relação ao combate ao tráfico de pessoas para fins de trabalho escravo.
Change in Transverse Slope of Water Surface at River Bend: A Numerical Study
Authors: Rahman Priyata , Ali Md Shahjahan
Published: July 2021

Generation of secondary current in a meandering river flow due to the centrifugal force acting on the bend is three dimensional (3D) in nature. But in case of practical problems like alluvial geomorphic processes, 3D models are not proved to be efficient. Hence, two dimensional (2D) models are generally adopted for such problems. This study offers a presentation of numerical simulation results for turbulent flows around bends of a meandering channel for different meander angles. 2D models were built by the use of iRIC Nays2DH solver for flow simulation of 45˚, 90˚, 135˚, 180˚ meandering bends with varying widths of 0.15m, 0.25m, 0.75m, 1.00m, 1.25m and 1.50m considering constant Froude number with constant meandering length (ML/W) and constant radius of curvature (R/W). Zero equation model was used as turbulence closure with finite differential advections as upwind scheme. The flow behavior has been studied at the apex and cross over portions of bends. From the simulation, the velocity at outer bank was found to be lower than that of the inner bank while the water surface elevation was found to be higher than that of the inner bank. Increase in transverse slope of water surface at bend was observed for increasing meander angles, Froude numbers and decreasing channel widths.

Journal of Engineering Science 12(2), 2021, 93-101
Análisis multitemporal de la laguna Suches y del vigor de la vegetación del bofedal de Huaytire, Tacna
Authors: Sanga Franco Marianela Sharyley , Chambe Bahamontes José Francisco
Published: July 2021

La laguna Suches y el bofedal de Huaytire, ubicados en la provincia de Candarave del departamento de Tacna, son ecosistemas importantes que brindan diversos servicios ecosistémicos. En esta investigación, se determinó el cambio del área del espejo de agua de la laguna Suches y el cambio de los valores de NDVI del bofedal de Huaytire entre los años 1975 a 2020, mediante el análisis de imágenes satelitales obtenidas del Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos – USGS (Landsat 2, Landsat 5, Landsat 7 y Landsat 8). Se calculó el Índice Normalizado Diferencial de Vegetación (NDVI) y el Índice Diferencial de Agua Normalizado (NDWI). Los resultados evidencian una disminución notable del área de la laguna Suches y del vigor de la vegetación, este último indicando una disminución de la cobertura del bofedal de Huaytire. Aunque, no fue posible establecer una relación causal con los factores que estarían ocasionando tal disminución, la evidencia científica revisada sugiere que el cambio climático, la derivación y extracción de agua superficial y subterránea; así como, el pastoreo de ganado camélido, serían las causantes de los resultados encontrados.
IMPLEMENTATION OF GOOD GOVERNANCE TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF VILLAGE GOVERNMENTS
Authors: Basri Yesi Mutia , Findayani Tusanti Igus , Zarefar Arumega
Published: July 2021

Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning villages is the starting point for villages to manage their government independently. However, in the management of government, many villages are still weak in implementing good governance, so that it has an impact on their performance. This study specifically wants to examine the role of good governance in improving the performance of village governments. This study examines the principles of good governance, transparency, accountability, community participation and fairness towards village government performance. The population of this research is the village government in the Meranti Islands Regency. The sampling technique used was area sampling, so that a total sample size of 31 villages was obtained in Tebing Tinggi, Tebing Tinggi Barat and Rangsang Barat, Meranti Islands Regency. Data was collected through a survey by distributing questionnaires to respondents consisting of the village head, village secretary, head of financial affairs and head of general affairs. The analytical method used in this study is multiple regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 23.0. The results showed that transparency, accountability, community participation and justice had a positive effect on the performance of the village government.  This indicates that increased transparency, accountability, community participation and justice will improve the performance of village government in Meranti Regency. The research supports the stewardship theory that the village government will act to fulfill the interests of the village community.
INFLUENCE OF COMPETENCE, INDEPENDENCE, SPIRITUAL QUOTIENT, EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT, AND AUDIT TENURE ON AUDIT QUALITY
Authors: Mispiyanti Mispiyanti , Wicaksono Ready
Published: July 2021

Audit quality is the probability of an assessment given by the auditor about the discovery of a violation in the client's accounting system and reports the violation. The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence of competence, independence, spiritual quotient, emotional quotient, and audit tenure variables on audit quality. This research is quantitative. The population in this study is the Public Accountant Office in Yogyakarta with the sample selection method that is convenience sampling. The data is taken from respondents' responses to positive and negative statements contained in the questionnaire. Data processing and hypothesis testing techniques using SPSS version 22. The results of this study prove that competence, independence, spiritual quotient, emotional quotient, and audit tenure have a significant positive effect on audit quality. This shows that an auditor must have good personal quality, adequate knowledge, and special expertise in his field, not influenced by other parties, and is obliged to be honest not only to the management and owners of the company but also users of financial statements, have a spiritual and emotional good, and a deeper and more complete understanding of the company's operational activities, along with the increase in the number of years of the audit engagement with the company so that it has an impact on the quality of audits produced.
La pedagogía de la enseñanza del pensamiento: Hacer visible el pensamiento
Authors: Ayala-Pazmiño Mario , Prieto-López Yeimer , Pizarro-Velastegui Jaime
Published: July 2021

La presente investigación tiene como principal objetivo sistematizar teóricamente las rutinas de pensamiento y su influencia en el pensamiento visible y crítico, para la formación de las competencias investigativas. Para el desarrollo de la misma ha prevalecido un enfoque cualitativo y se destaca la aplicación de métodos científicos, tales como: el histórico-lógico para la determinación de los principales fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos, antecedentes, conceptos, y definiciones de la investigación, como proceso sustantivo clave y  que amerita de un tratamiento constante,  sistemático y permanente en todas las asignaturas con un enfoque interdisciplinar, también se empleó la sistematización teórica y el método holístico.
Se aportan los antecedentes que sustentan la investigación como parte del artículo científico de corte teórico, así como las rutinas de pensamiento vinculadas con la estimulación del pensamiento visible y crítico. Las entrevistas a expertos, posibilitó la elaboración de la propuesta para brindar solución al problema científico relacionado con las limitaciones que se manifiestan en los estudiantes en la formación y estimulación del pensamiento, así como un mejor tratamiento teórico y fáctico.
BRAIN ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS WITH DIFFERENT INTERNET ADDICTION RISKS
Authors: Demin D. B.
Published: July 2021

Aim: To study electroencephalographic (EEG) changes in adolescents with different risks of developing Internet addiction (IA). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1б-17 years-old adolescents (n = 55) permanently living in the Arctic Russian town of Arkhangelsk. Risk of IA was assessed using the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS). By the results of the CIAS test all adolescents were divided into three groups: I - minimal risk of IA, II - increased risk to develop IA and III - stable IA pattern. EEG was evaluated by the values of spectral power (|jV2) in each frequency band. Results: Altogether, 25.5 % of adolescents had minimal risk of developing IA, б3.б% belonged to group 2 and 10.9 % had IA. The organized type of alpha activity EEG was found in 79 % of individuals in group I and in 100 % of individuals in group III. This indicates the optimal age ratio of the activity of the reticular formation, cerebral cortex and diencephalic structures. A large number of negative correlations between compulsive symptoms of IA and all types of EEG activity in group I was determined, which may indicate a resistance of these individuals to addiction. The organized EEG type was detected in 54 %, hypersynchronous type - in 14 %, desynchronized type - in 14 %, disorganized type - in 18 % of group II individuals. A disorganized EEG type with a large ratio of theta EEG waves in the frontal-central brain parts in group II may indicate a high limbic-diencephalic excitation. The correlations between the indicators of the withdrawal symptom scale and the EEG theta-activity reflect the psychological discomfort when access to Internet resources is difficult. Conclusions: Most adolescents with minimal risk of IA and symptoms IA have an organized EEG-type while adolescents with IA have this EEG-type only in a half of the cases, which is caused by the heterochronia of the EEG formation in the Arctic residents and the peculiarities of the formation and development of IA.
Estudio de Bauhinia thonningii y el impacto de diferentes disolventes de extracción en el potencial antioxidante de la planta
Authors: Morales Abdy , Mero Aldahir , Díaz Maricselis , Morán Juan , Samba Nsevolo , Rodilla Jesús , Guerrero De León Estela
Published: July 2021

Bauhinia thonningii (Milne-Redhead) forma parte de la medicina tradicional de África occidental, donde sus hojas se emplean para tratar enfermedades inflamatorias e infecciosas. Investigamos el efecto antioxidante de los extractos de hojas (BAFA), corteza (BACA) y raíz (BARA) de Bauhinia thonningii, realizando extracciones con diferentes disolventes.

Valoramos la actividad antirradicalaria frente al radical DPPH, donde los extractos BARA-Acet y BARA-Eta desarrollaron una actividad antirradicalaria no inferior a Quercetina (73,1±0,8; 72,3±0,4 y 77,9±4,4 %, respectivamente). Otros cuatro extractos, BAFA y BARA en acetona y etanol, presentaron una inhibición de más del 65% del radical DPPH.

La actividad antirradicalaria del patrón Quercetina frente radical óxido nítrico (NO) fue de 57,7±1,2%, valores superiores al 50% también fueron obtenidos con BACA-Hex, BACA-Acet y BARA-Acet.

Fueron los extractos obtenidos a partir de las hojas de Bauhinia thonningii, BAFA-Acet y BAFA-Eta, junto con BACA-Eta, los que presentaron mayor actividad frente al radical anión superóxido (●O2−) (50,1±3,8, 51,9±2,5 y 50,1±3,7%, respectivamente), siendo similares a la eficacia demostrada por Quercetina (53,0±0,8%). Ninguno de los extractos hexánicos desarrolló actividad antioxidante frente al radical ●O2−.

En los ensayos de peroxidación lipídica, todos los extractos obtenidos de las hojas y la corteza de Bauhinia thonningii presentaron un efecto inhibitorio máximo superior al 90%, sin diferencias significativas cuando se compara frente al patrón Curcumina.

Concluimos que las tres partes de la planta evaluada poseen constituyentes con poder antioxidante y, además, que la mayor eficacia se obtiene cuando se emplean los disolventes etanol y acetona para la obtención de los extractos.
Illness cognition and depression among patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Nuraeni Aan , Anna Anastasia , Praptiwi Atlastieka , Nurhamsyah Donny
Published: July 2021

Background: Depression is a significant predictor of the quality of life among patients with coronary heart disease. Therefore, it is essential to explore the factors associated with depression. Illness cognition is considered one of the factors affecting depression. However, the relationship between illness cognition and the incidence of depression among Indonesian patients have not been widely investigated.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between illness cognition, consisting of the acceptance, perceived benefits, and helplessness variables, and depression in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: This study employed a correlational research design with a total of 106 patients undergoing treatment at a hospital in West Java, Indonesia, selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Beck-Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and ICQ (Illness-Cognition Questionnaire). Data were analyzed using mean (SD), median, frequency distribution, and Spearman-rank. Results: 72% of respondents had no depression. Nevertheless, mild, moderate, and major depression suffered by 15%, 9%, and 4% of respondents, respectively. In terms of illness cognition, patients scored higher within the perceived benefits dimension (mean 20.13, SD 3.05), followed by acceptance (mean 18.22, SD 3.33) and helplessness (mean 13.20, SD 4.77), respectively. Furthermore, helplessness was significantly associated with depression (p <.01) with a positive correlation coefficient (r). Also, all items on the helplessness dimension had a significant correlation (p <.01) with depression accompanied by a positive r-value. Conclusion: Helplessness had a significant relationship with depression. So, cardiovascular nurses can anticipate depression in patients by making nursing interventions that can decrease the patients’ feelings of helplessness. Thus, factors that reduce helplessness need to be explored and taken into accounts in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease.
Magnitude of metabolic syndrome among middle age adulthood urban residents in west Ethiopia
Authors: Feyissa Alemu
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Nowadays, most of the people die due to metabolic impairment; however early screening was not practiced in west Ethiopia. Thus, study aimed to assess magnitude of metabolic syndrome among middle aged urban residents. Methods: A community based cross sectional study applied on 266 participants in March 2019. Data was collected as of WHO and using SPSS version 24, associated significant of variables were considered at p <0.05 on multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and central obesity was 12.6% and 47.1% based on IDF, 2018 while 15.4% and 58.6% as of Ethiopian references. On multivariate analysis: body mass index ≥25Kg/m2 (p<0.001), central obesity (p=0.015), systolic blood pressure (P=0.039), and FBS ≥ 100 mg/dl (P<0.001) were associated significantly with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The magnitude of metabolic syndrome was high in west Ethiopia. Therefore, educating community on metabolic syndrome was significant to mitigate degenerative diseases.
Perbandingan Tingkat Kepatuhan Pengobatan Pasien Epilepsi antara Monoterapi dan Politerapi di Poliklinik Saraf RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang
Authors: Permana Hendra , Hardi Elsi Rahmadhani
Published: July 2021

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders affecting people worldwide. People with epilepsy have higher mortality rate than general population. Medication adherence is predictor for epilepsy outcome. Number of medication is one of contributing factors to therapy adherence. Aims: to determine antiepileptic drug adherence between monotherapy and polytherapy at Neurology Clinic Dr. M. Djamil Hospital. Methods: This study conducted at Neurology Clinic Dr. M. Djamil Hospital from May to June 2019. Medication adherence was assessed by using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) 8. Data was analyzed and level of significance was if p value ≤ 0.05. Result:  We recruited 30 participants which consist of 14 (46.7%) female and 16 (53.5%) male. Median of age 31 (13-77) and 22 (73.3%) patients have high educational level. From 30 patient, 14 (46.7%) in monotherapy and 16 (53.3%) in polytherapy. Patient with high medication adherence 4 (13.3%), moderate 7 (23.3%) and poor 17 (56.7%). Statistical analysis showed no differences on medication adherence between monotherapy and polytherapy (p=0.79). Conclusion: There are no differences on medication adherence between monotherapy and polytherapy at Neurology Clinic Dr. M. Djamil Hospital.
Seafood Allergy in Asia: Geographical Specificity and Beyond
Authors: Wai Christine Y. Y. , Leung Nicki Y. H. , Leung Agnes S. Y. , Wong Gary W. K. , Leung Ting F.
Published: July 2021

Asian countries have unique ways of food processing and dietary habits that may explain the observed differences in the prevalence, natural history, epidemiology and sensitization pattern of food allergic diseases when compared to western countries. Per capita consumption of seafood, including fish and shellfish, is well above the global average for many Asian countries because of their coastal geographical location and rich seafood supply. The wide availability and high abundance of seafood in Asian countries have shaped a diverse way of processing and eating this major food group. Such unique features have significant impact on the sensitization profile and allergenicity of Asians to fish and shellfish. For example, fish and shellfish are eaten raw in some countries that may promote sensitization to heat-labile allergens not otherwise seen in other regions. Fermented fish sauce is commonly used as a condiment in some countries which may promote fish sensitization. Shrimp head and shrimp roe are regarded as delicacies in some countries, but their allergen profiles are yet to be characterized. Freshwater fish and shellfish are a common food source in many Asian countries but the allergenicity of many such species remains unknown. In this review, we discuss factors that may contribute to differences in molecular profile and sensitization pattern for fish and shellfish that are observed in Asian populations and revisit the current status of seafood allergy in this part of the world. Acknowledging the similarities and differences of seafood allergy patterns between Asian and western populations can help us refine a better strategy for diagnosing and managing seafood allergy.
An N6-Methyladenosine-Related Gene Set Variation Score as a Prognostic Tool for Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , Hu Jing , Liu Aina , Qu Huajun , Jiang Fenge , Wang Congcong , Mo Steven , Sun Ping
Published: July 2021

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent type of RNA modification, and we hypothesized that patterns of m6A-related genes may be useful for estimating risk of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). An m6A-related gene set variation score (m6A-GSVS) was generated using RNA-sequencing data from LUAD patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We investigated the association of m6A-GSVS with stemness, tumor mutational burden (TMB), expression of three immune checkpoints, levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and patient prognosis. We found that m6A-GSVS was higher in LUAD than in healthy lung tissue, and it strongly correlated with stemness and TMB. Activated CD4 + T cells were more numerous in LUAD samples that had higher m6A-GSVS than in those with lower scores. Biological processes and pathways, including “Cell cycle,” “DNA replication,” and “RNA degradation,” were significantly enriched in samples with high scores. Furthermore, m6A-GSVS was an independent prognostic indicator in LUAD. In conclusion, we proposed an m6A-GSVS in LUAD. It is a putative indicator for evaluating the ability to RNA m6A, an independent prognostic indicator and associated with tumor stemness.
Metabolic and Immunological Subtypes of Esophageal Cancer Reveal Potential Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: King Ryan J. , Qiu Fang , Yu Fang , Singh Pankaj K.
Published: July 2021

Background

Esophageal cancer has the sixth highest rate of cancer-associated deaths worldwide, with many patients displaying metastases and chemotherapy resistance. We sought to find subtypes to see if precision medicine could play a role in finding new potential targets and predicting responses to therapy. Since metabolism not only drives cancers but also serves as a readout, metabolism was examined as a key reporter for differences.

Methods

Unsupervised and supervised classification methods, including hierarchical clustering, partial least squares discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbors, and machine learning techniques, were used to discover and display two major subgroups. Genes, pathways, gene ontologies, survival, and immune differences between the groups were further examined, along with biomarkers between the groups and against normal tissue.

Results

Esophageal cancer had two major unique metabolic profiles observed between the histological subtypes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The metabolic differences suggest that ESCC depends on glycolysis, whereas EAC relies more on oxidative metabolism, catabolism of glycolipids, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the electron transport chain. We also noted a robust prognostic risk associated with COQ3 expression. In addition to the metabolic alterations, we noted significant alterations in key pathways regulating immunity, including alterations in cytokines and predicted immune infiltration. ESCC appears to have increased signature associated with dendritic cells, Th17, and CD8 T cells, the latter of which correlate with survival in ESCC. We bioinformatically observed that ESCC may be more responsive to checkpoint inhibitor therapy than EAC and postulate targets to enhance therapy further. Lastly, we highlight correlations between differentially expressed enzymes and the potential immune status.

Conclusion

Overall, these results highlight the extreme differences observed between the histological subtypes and may lead to novel biomarkers, therapeutic strategies, and differences in therapeutic response for targeting each esophageal cancer subtype.
Regulation of Alloantibody Responses
Authors: Chong Anita S. , Sage Peter T. , Alegre Maria-Luisa
Published: July 2021

The control of alloimmunity is essential to the success of organ transplantation. Upon alloantigen encounter, naïve alloreactive T cells not only differentiate into effector cells that can reject the graft, but also into T follicular helper (Tfh) cells that promote the differentiation of alloreactive B cells that produce donor-specific antibodies (DSA). B cells can exacerbate the rejection process through antibody effector functions and/or B cell antigen-presenting functions. These responses can be limited by immune suppressive mechanisms mediated by T regulatory (Treg) cells, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, B regulatory (Breg) cells and a newly described tolerance-induced B (TIB) cell population that has the ability to suppress de novo B cells in an antigen-specific manner. Transplantation tolerance following costimulation blockade has revealed mechanisms of tolerance that control alloreactive T cells through intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, but also inhibit alloreactive B cells. Thus, the control of both arms of adaptive immunity might result in more robust tolerance, one that may withstand more severe inflammatory challenges. Here, we review new findings on the control of B cells and alloantibody production in the context of transplant rejection and tolerance.