bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Quantum Automorphism of (Directed) Graphs to the Associated Multiplier Hopf Algebras
Authors: Razavinia Farrokh , Haghighatdoost Ghorbanali
Published: December 2023

This is a noticeably short biography and introductory paper on multiplier Hopf algebras. It delves into questions regarding the significance of this abstract construction and the motivation behind its creation. It also concerns quantum linear groups, especially the coordinate ring of Mq(n) and the observation that K [Mq(n)] is a quadratic algebra, and can be equipped with a multiplier Hopf ∗-algebra structure in the sense of quantum permutation groups developed byWang and an observation by Rollier–Vaes. In our next paper, we will propose the study of multiplier Hopf graph algebras. The current paper can be viewed as a precursor to this upcoming work, serving as a crucial intermediary bridging the gap between the abstract concept of multiplier Hopf algebras and the well-developed field of graph theory, thereby establishing connections between them! This survey review paper is dedicated to the 78th birthday anniversary of Professor Alfons Van Daele.
PSSegNet: Segmenting the P- and S-Phases in Microseismic Signals through Deep Learning
Authors: He Zhengxiang , Xu Xingliang , Rao Dijun , Peng Pingan , Wang Jiaheng , Tian Suchuan
Published: December 2023

Microseismic P- and S-phase segmentation is an influential step that limits the accuracy of event location, parameter inversion, and mechanism analysis. Therefore, an improved Unet named PSSegNet is proposed to intelligently segment the P- and S-phases. The designed masks are used as the outputs of PSSegNet, which is used to obtain the time–frequency features of the P- and S-phases. As a result, the MSE (mean square error) between the predicted mask and the actual labeled mask is concentrated below 2.5, and the AE (accumulated error) of the reconstructed P/S-phase based on the predicted mask is concentrated below 1.0 × 10−3. Arrival picking results show that the overall error of the entire test set is less than 50 ms and most of the errors are less than 20 ms. Data with SNR (signal to noise ratio) < 2, 2 ≤ SNR < 3, PSR (P-phase to S-phase ratio) < 1, or 1 ≤ PSR < 2 in the dataset were selected for arrival picking and their errors were counted. The statistical results show that PSSegNet is robust at low SNR and PSR. The P- and S-phase segmentation based on PSSegNet has excellent potential for use in various applications and can effectively reduce the difficulty of obtaining the P/S-phase arrivals.
Modified Unit-Half-Normal Distribution with Applications
Authors: Alvarez Paulina I. , Varela Héctor , Cortés Isaac E. , Venegas Osvaldo , Gómez Héctor W.
Published: December 2023

In this article, we introduce a new continuous distribution based on the unit interval. This distribution is generated from a transformation of a random variable with half-normal distribution. We study its basic properties, percentiles, moments and order statistics. Maximum likelihood estimation is applied, and we present a simulation study to observe the behavior of the maximum likelihood estimators. We examine two applications to real proportions datasets, where the new distribution is shown to provide a better fit than other distributions defined in the unit interval.
Feedback Stabilization Applied to Heart Rhythm Dynamics Using an Integro-Differential Method
Authors: Yahalom Asher , Puzanov Natalia
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we applied a chaos control method based on integro-differential equations for stabilization of an unstable cardiac rhythm, which is described by a variation of the modified Van der Pol equation. Chaos control with this method may be useful for stabilization of irregular heartbeat using a small perturbation. This method differs from other stabilization strategies by the absence of adjustable parameters and the lack of rough approximations in determining control functions whose control parameters are fixed by the properties of the unstable system itself.
Chlorinated Enyne Fatty Acid Amides from a Marine Cyanobacterium: Discovery of Taveuniamides L-M and Pharmacological Characterization of Taveuniamide F as a GPCR Antagonist with CNR1 Selectivity
Authors: Elsadek Lobna A. , Ellis Emma K. , Seabra Gustavo , Paul Valerie J. , Luesch Hendrik
Published: December 2023

NMR and MS/MS-based metabolomics of a cyanobacterial extract from Piti Bomb Holes, Guam, indicated the presence of unique enyne-containing halogenated fatty acid amides. We isolated three new compounds of this class, taveuniamides L-N (1–3), along with the previously reported taveuniamide F (4), which was the most abundant analog. The planar structures of the new compounds were established using 1D and 2D NMR as well as mass spectrometry. We established the configuration of this chemical class to be R at C-8 via Mosher’s analysis of 4 after reduction of the carboxamide group. Our biological investigations with 4 revealed that the compound binds to the cannabinoid receptor CNR1, acting as an antagonist/inverse agonist in the canonical G-protein signaling pathways. In selectivity profiling against 168 GPCR targets using the β-arrestin functional assay, we found that 4 antagonizes GPR119, NPSR1b, CCR9, CHRM4, GPR120, HTR2A, and GPR103, in addition to CNR1. Interestingly, 4 showed a 6.8-fold selectivity for CNR1 over CNR2. The binding mode of 4 to CNR1 was investigated using docking and molecular dynamics simulations with both natural and unnatural stereoisomers, revealing important CNR1 residues for the interaction and also providing a possible reasoning for the observed CNR1/CNR2 selectivity.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Survey of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine among Cardiologists and Cardiac Nurses in Italy
Authors: Ponticelli Domenico , Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo , Losa Lorenzo , Zampella Anna , Di Marino Fabio , Mottola Gaetano , Fede Mara Noemi , Gallucci Fortuna , Magliuolo Roberto , Rainone Antonio , Del Giudice Carmine , Arcari Antonella , Ferrara Pietro
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: Cardiac patients are particularly at risk of herpes zoster (HZ), which is associated with a higher risk of major cardiovascular events. This research aimed to analyze the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) among cardiac healthcare professionals (HPs). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a cardiological hospital in Italy. Multivariate regression models were built to identify factors associated with the outcomes of interest. Results: The response rate was 78.2% (154/197). Overall, age > 50 years and immunosuppression were recognized as risk factors for HZ by 38.3% and 75.3% of respondents, respectively. Regarding RZV, 29.1% of the HPs correctly responded about its schedule and 57.6% about the possibility of administration in immunocompromised individuals. This knowledge was significantly higher in HPs with a higher educational level (odds ratio (OR) = 4.42; 95%CI 1.70–11.47), in those who knew that HZ could cause postherpetic neuralgia (OR = 2.56; 95%CI 1.05–6.25) or major cardiovascular events (OR = 4.23; 95%CI 1.50–11.91), in those who had participated in professional updates on vaccinations (OR = 3.86; 95%CI 1.51–9.87) and in those who stated the need for further information about the RZV (OR = 6.43; 95%CI 1.42–29.98). Younger HPs (coefficient (β) = −0.02; 95%CI −0.04–−0.01), those with a positive attitude toward RZV safety (β = 2.92; 95%CI 2.49–3.36) and those who had previously cared for patients with HZ (β = 0.45; 95%CI 0.03–0.88) reported a more positive attitude toward RZV effectiveness. The practice of recommending vaccination was more prevalent in younger HPs (OR = 0.94; 95%CI 0.89–0.99), in those who had a master’s degree or higher education (OR = 7.21; 95%CI 1.44–36.08), in those with more positive attitudes toward RZV effectiveness (OR = 7.17; 95%CI 1.71–30.03) and in HPs who had already recommended the vaccine to patients in the past (OR = 4.03; 95%CI 1.08–14.96). Conclusions: Despite being a single-center study, our research brings attention to factors that currently impact cardiac HPs’ approaches to RZV. The findings indicate potential measures to enhance HPs’ awareness and practices, ultimately aiming to improve vaccination adherence and reduce the burden associated with HZ.
Influence of Different Shaping and Finishing Processes on the Surface Integrity of WC-Co Cemented Carbides
Authors: Riu-Perdrix Guiomar , Slawik Sebastian , Mücklich Frank , Llanes Luis , Roa Joan Josep
Published: December 2023

Investigation of four different surface-shaping and finishing sequences is carried out on the surface integrity of a WC-10Co hardmetal grade. The surface conditions include grinding, electrical discharge machining and grinding, followed by mechanical and dry-electrochemical polishing using the DryLyte® technology. The evaluation includes the measurement of roughness, residual stresses, the Vickers hardness, indentation fracture toughness determination and the damage induced by conical contact response. By scanning electron microscopy, a systematic and detailed examination of the residual imprints is carried out to determine the critical loads for damage initiation and development across the different surface conditions. The results indicate that the use of dry-electrochemical polishing enables the attainment of polished surfaces without any corrosive damage to the metallic binder. Moreover, it retains the mechanical attributes reminiscent of the core material, comprising 85% that were initially induced via grinding.
Modeling the Evolution of Casting Defect Closure in Ingots through Radial Shear Rolling Processing
Authors: Arbuz Alexandr , Panichkin Alexandr , Popov Fedor , Kawalek Anna , Ozhmegov Kirill , Lutchenko Nikita
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the behavior of transverse defects under significant total strain in conditions of complex vortex metal flow implemented through the radial shear rolling (RSR) method. The aim of this study is to assess the applicability of RSR processing for the in-depth transformation of small ingots of special steel into bars, particularly for the manufacturing of structural elements in specialized construction projects such as nuclear power plants. Although a substantial total strain is anticipated to enhance the steel structure and contribute to defect closure, the question of the development or closure of potential casting defects remains unclear. To address this issue, model tests were conducted to simulate the implementation of RSR processing. Defect behavior data under very complex vortex metal flow and high strain conditions were obtained for the first time and have scientific merit. A small steel ingot with a 32 mm diameter, containing a simulated artificial defect in the form of a transverse through-hole with a 5 mm diameter, was employed. During rolling, the workpiece diameter was progressively reduced by 2 mm with each subsequent pass, reaching a final diameter of 20 mm. Additionally, to provide a more detailed visualization of the defect evolution process, the same defect was modeled in an aluminum bar over six passes, and changes in defect volume and shape were analyzed after each pass. A highly detailed 3D visualization of the actual defect evolution was achieved based on cross-sections from experimental workpieces. These data corresponded to the total strain levels obtained by finite element method (FEM) simulation. Notably, a consistent similarity was observed between the test results for both metals, revealing a reduction in defect volume of up to 67.7%. The deformational welding of defects in the outer sections, encompassing one-third of the rod’s radius, occurred in the initial passes. However, defects in the axial zone of the rods remained unclosed, lengthening and gradually decreasing proportionally to the elongation of the rod, akin to conventional rolling. Consequently, the radial shear rolling (RSR) method is unsuitable for ingots with substantial discontinuities in the axial zone post-casting. Nevertheless, the method ensures the total welding of defects located in the outer zones of the ingots, even with minor applied deformations and a slight decrease in the diameter of the deformed ingot. Such data were obtained for the first time and should contribute to future investigations in this field.
Microstructural Evaluation of Inconel 718 and AISI 304L Dissimilar TIG Joints
Authors: Ioannidou Dimitra , Foinikaridis Michael , Deligiannis Stavros , Tsakiridis Petros E.
Published: December 2023

Dissimilar welding joints of Inconel 718 (IN718) nickel superalloy with low-carbon AISI 304L austenitic steel (SS304L) were conducted using the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process. The present investigation focuses on the effect of different welding currents on the produced dissimilar joints’ microstructure and mechanical properties. The microstructure study was carried out by light optical (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The nanoscale investigation was performed via a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM). The mechanical behavior of the TIG joints was investigated via Vickers hardness testing. In all cases, the morphology and the microstructure of the fusion zone (FZ) and the corresponding heat-affected zones (HAZ) of the TIG-welded IN718 and SS304L verified the absence of porosity or other metallurgical defects. Except for carbides and carbonitrides, hard and brittle Laves phases ((FeNiCr)2(NbMoTiSi)) were also identified, which were dispersed in the interdendritic spaces in the form of elongated islands. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures and a slower cooling rate due to higher initial heat input led to the precipitates’ coarsening both in FZ and HAZ and, thus, to the consequent gradual embrittle of the dissimilar joints.
Analysis of Marrubiin in Marrubium alysson L. Extract Using Advanced HPTLC: Chemical Profiling, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity, and Molecular Docking
Authors: Eltahawy Nermeen A. , Ali Asmaa I. , Ibrahim Salma A. , Nafie Mohamed S. , Sindi Amal M. , Alkharobi Hanaa , Almalki Ahmad J. , Badr Jihan M. , Elhady Sameh S. , Abdelhameed Reda F. A.
Published: December 2023

The main purpose of this work is to investigate the phytochemical composition of Marrubium alysson L. non-polar fraction. GC/MS analysis was used to evaluate the plant extract’s saponifiable and unsaponifiable matter. Although M. alysson L. lipoidal matter saponification produced 30.3% of fatty acid methyl esters and 69.7% of unsaponifiable matter. Phytol was the most dominant substance in the unsaponifiable materials. Notably, marrubiin which is one of the most prominent metabolites of Marrubium alysson L. was not detected through our adopted GC/MS technique. Thus, further characterization was proceeded through simple and rapid HPTLC analysis which successfully managed to identify marrubiin. Based on the regression equation, the concentration of marrubiin in M. alysson L. extract was 14.09 mg/g of dry extract. Concerning acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, both the crude M. alysson L. total methanolic extract and the non-polar fraction displayed reasonable inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), whereas the pure compound marrubiin was considered to be the most effective and potent AChE inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 52.66 (µM). According to the molecular docking studies, potential sites of interaction between the pure chemical marrubiin and AChE were examined. The results show that Tyr124 on AChE residue was critical to the activity of the aforementioned drug. Based on the depicted marrubin AChE inhibition activity and reported safety profile, this chemical metabolite is considered as a promising lead compound for further pre-clinical investigation as well as drug development and optimization.
The Potential of the Flavonoid Content of Ipomoea batatas L. as an Alternative Analog GLP-1 for Diabetes Type 2 Treatment—Systematic Review
Authors: Dewi Ni Kadek Santi Maha , Ramona Yan , Saraswati Made Ratna , Wihandani Desak Made , Wirasuta I Made Agus Gelgel
Published: December 2023

Ipomoea batatas L. (IBL) has gained significant popularity as a complementary therapy or herbal medicine in the treatment of anti-diabetes. This review seeks to explore the mechanism by which flavonoid compounds derived from IBL exert their anti-diabetic effects through the activation of GLP-1. The review article refers to the PRISMA guidelines. In order to carry out the literature search, electronic databases such as Science Direct, Crossref, Scopus, and Pubmed were utilized. The search query was based on specific keywords, including Ipomoea batatas OR sweet potato AND anti-diabetic OR hypoglycemic. After searching the databases, we found 1055 articles, but only 32 met the criteria for further review. IBL contains various compounds, including phenolic acid, flavonols, flavanols, flavones, and anthocyanins, which exhibit activity against anti-diabetes. Flavonols, flavanols, and flavones belong to a group of flavonoids that possess the ability to form complexes with AlCl3 and Ca2+. The intracellular L cells effectively retain Ca2+, leading to the subsequent release of GLP-1. Flavonols, flavones, and flavone groups have been found to strongly interact with DPP-IV, which inhibits the degradation of GLP-1. The anti-diabetic activity of IBL is attributed to the mechanism that effectively increases the duration of GLP-1 in the systemic system, thereby prolonging its half-life.
Altered Sphingolipid Hydrolase Activities and Alpha-Synuclein Level in Late-Onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Usenko Tatiana , Bezrukova Anastasia , Basharova Katerina , Baydakova Galina , Shagimardanova Elena , Blatt Nataliya , Rizvanov Albert , Limankin Oleg , Novitskiy Maxim , Shnayder Natalia , Izyumchenko Artem , Nikolaev Mikhail , Zabotina Anna , Lavrinova Anna , Kulabukhova Darya , Nasyrova Regina , Palchikova Ekaterina , Zalutskaya Natalia , Miliukhina Irina , Barbitoff Yury , Glotov Oleg , Glotov Andrey , Taraskina Anastasia , Neznanov Nikolai , Zakharova Ekaterina , Pchelina Sofya
Published: December 2023

Recent data described that patients with lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) may have clinical schizophrenia (SCZ) features. Disruption of lipid metabolism in SCZ pathogenesis was found. Clinical features of schizophrenia (SCZ) have been demonstrated in patients with several lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Taking into account the critical role of lysosomal function for neuronal cells’ lysosomal dysfunction could be proposed in SCZ pathogenesis. The current study analyzed lysosomal enzyme activities and the alpha-synuclein level in the blood of patients with late-onset SCZ. In total, 52 SCZ patients with late-onset SCZ, 180 sporadic Parkinson’s disease (sPD) patients, and 176 controls were recruited. The enzymatic activity of enzymes associated with mucopolysaccharidosis (alpha-L-Iduronidase (IDUA)), glycogenosis (acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA)) and sphingolipidosis (galactosylceramidase (GALC), glucocerebrosidase (GCase), alpha-galactosidase (GLA), acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase)) and concentration of lysosphingolipids (hexosylsphingosine (HexSph), globotriaosylsphingosine (LysoGb3), and lysosphingomyelin (LysoSM)) were measured using LC-MS/MS. The alpha-synuclein level was estimated in magnetically separated CD45+ blood cells using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, NGS analysis of 11 LSDs genes was conducted in 21 early-onset SCZ patients and 23 controls using the gene panel PGRNseq-NDD. Decreased ASMase, increased GLA activities, and increased HexSpn, LysoGb3, and LysoSM concentrations along with an accumulation of the alpha-synuclein level were observed in late-onset SCZ patients in comparison to the controls (p < 0.05). Four rare deleterious variants among LSDs genes causing mucopolysaccharidosis type I (IDUA (rs532731688, rs74385837) and type III (HGSNAT (rs766835582)) and sphingolipidosis (metachromatic leukodystrophy (ARSA (rs201251634)) were identified in five patients from the group of early-onset SCZ patients but not in the controls. Our findings supported the role of sphingolipid metabolism in SCZ pathogenesis. Aberrant enzyme activities and compounds of sphingolipids associated with ceramide metabolism may lead to accumulation of alpha-synuclein and may be critical in SCZ pathogenesis.
Advancement in Biosensor Technologies of 2D MaterialIntegrated with Cellulose—Physical Properties
Authors: Ramezani Ghazaleh , Stiharu Ion , van de Ven Theo G. M. , Nerguizian Vahe
Published: December 2023

This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in integrating two-dimensional (2D) materials with cellulose to enhance biosensing technology. The incorporation of 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, along with nanocellulose, improves the sensitivity, stability, and flexibility of biosensors. Practical applications of these advanced biosensors are explored in fields like medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This innovative approach is driving research opportunities and expanding the possibilities for diverse applications in this rapidly evolving field.
A Nanoporous 3D-Printed Scaffold for Local Antibiotic Delivery
Authors: Ahangar Pouyan , Li Jialiang , Nkindi Leslie S. , Mohammadrezaee Zohreh , Cooke Megan E. , Martineau Paul A. , Weber Michael H. , Saade Elie , Nateghi Nima , Rosenzweig Derek H.
Published: December 2023

Limitations of bone defect reconstruction include poor bone healing and osteointegration with acrylic cements, lack of strength with bone putty/paste, and poor osteointegration. Tissue engineering aims to bridge these gaps through the use of bioactive implants. However, there is often a risk of infection and biofilm formation associated with orthopedic implants, which may develop anti-microbial resistance. To promote bone repair while also locally delivering therapeutics, 3D-printed implants serve as a suitable alternative. Soft, nanoporous 3D-printed filaments made from a thermoplastic polyurethane and polyvinyl alcohol blend, LAY-FOMM and LAY-FELT, have shown promise for drug delivery and orthopedic applications. Here, we compare 3D printability and sustained antibiotic release kinetics from two types of commercial 3D-printed porous filaments suitable for bone tissue engineering applications. We found that both LAY-FOMM and LAY-FELT could be consistently printed into scaffolds for drug delivery. Further, the materials could sustainably release Tetracycline over 3 days, independent of material type and infill geometry. The drug-loaded materials did not show any cytotoxicity when cultured with primary human fibroblasts. We conclude that both LAY-FOMM and LAY-FELT 3D-printed scaffolds are suitable devices for local antibiotic delivery applications, and they may have potential applications to prophylactically reduce infections in orthopedic reconstruction surgery.
Design and Simulation of InGaN-Based Red Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
Authors: Yu Tai-Cheng , Huang Wei-Ta , Wang Hsiang-Chen , Chiu An-Ping , Kou Chih-Hsiang , Hong Kuo-Bin , Chang Shu-Wei , Chow Chi-Wai , Kuo Hao-Chung
Published: December 2023

We propose a highly polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) consisting of staggered InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs), with the resonance cavity and polarization enabled by a bottom nanoporous (NP) n-GaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), and top TiO2 high-index contrast gratings (HCGs). Optoelectronic simulations of the 612 nm VCSEL were systematically and numerically investigated. First, we investigated the influences of the NP DBR and HCG geometries on the optical reflectivity. Our results indicate that when there are more than 17 pairs of NP GaN DBRs with 60% air voids, the reflectance can be higher than 99.7%. Furthermore, the zeroth-order reflectivity decreases rapidly when the HCG’s period exceeds 518 nm. The optimal ratios of width-to-period (52.86 ± 1.5%) and height-to-period (35.35 ± 0.14%) were identified. The staggered MQW design also resulted in a relatively small blue shift of 5.44 nm in the emission wavelength under a high driving current. Lastly, we investigated the cavity mode wavelength and optical threshold gain of the VCSEL with a finite size of HCG. A large threshold gain difference of approximately 67.4–74% between the 0th and 1st order transverse modes can be obtained. The simulation results in this work provide a guideline for designing red VCSELs with high brightness and efficiency.
Design and Experiment Investigation on Soft Grippers with Modular Variable Stiffness Structure
Authors: Zhao Pengbing , Xiong Chuan , Gao Zheng , Liu Xiang , Zeng Yanbin
Published: December 2023

Soft grippers have good adaptability and flexibility for grasping irregular or fragile objects, and to further enhance their stiffness, soft grippers with variable stiffness have been developed. However, existing soft grippers with variable stiffness have the disadvantages of complex structure and poor interchangeability. Here, a soft gripper with modular variable stiffness is proposed that has flexible Velcro embedded in the bottom layer of the soft actuator and one side of the variable stiffness cavity respectively, and both the general and variable stiffness grasping modes are achieved by separation or combination. First of all, according to the neo-Hookean model and the assumption of constant curvature, a free bending model of the soft actuator is established and optimal structural parameters of the soft actuator are obtained by the Genetic Algorithm. Then, influence of the driving pressure on the soft actuator stiffness is investigated, and a mathematical model of the variable stiffness is established. Finally, correctness of the statics model and the stiffness model were verified by experiments. Experimental results indicate that the proposed soft gripper with modular variable stiffness structure has excellent adaptability and stability to different objects, outstanding load bearing capacity, and stiffness adjustment capability.
Indocyanine Green-Loaded Liposomes-Assisted Photoacoustic Computed Tomography for Evaluating In Vivo Tumor Penetration of Liposomal Nanocarriers
Authors: Wu Chenjun , Sun Qi , Liu Xiangdong , Sun Xin , Chen Zeyu , Shan Han
Published: December 2023

Liposomes possess the potential to enhance drug solubility, prolong the duration of circulation, and augment drug accumulation at the tumor site through passive and active targeting strategies. However, there is a lack of studies examining the in vivo tumor penetration capabilities of liposomes of varying sizes, which hampers the development of drug delivery systems utilizing liposomal nanocarriers. Here, we present an indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded liposomes-assisted photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) for directly evaluating the tumor penetration ability of liposomal nanocarriers in vivo. Through the utilization of microfluidic mixing combined with extrusion techniques, we successfully prepare liposomes encapsulating ICG in both large (192.6 ± 8.0 nm) and small (61.9 ± 0.6 nm) sizes. Subsequently, we designed a dual-wavelength PACT system to directly monitor the in vivo tumor penetration of large- and small-size ICG-encapsulated liposomes. In vivo PACT experiments indicate that ICG-loaded liposomes of smaller size exhibit enhanced penetration capability within tumor tissues. Our work presents a valuable approach to directly assess the penetration ability of liposomal nanocarriers in vivo, thereby facilitating the advancement of drug delivery systems with enhanced tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy.
A Novel Micromixer That Exploits Electrokinetic Vortices Generated on a Janus Droplet Surface
Authors: Wang Chengfa , He Yehui
Published: December 2023

Micromixers play a crucial role as essential components in microfluidic analysis systems. This paper introduces a novel micromixer designed by harnessing electrokinetic vortices arising on the surface of a Janus droplet within a microchannel. The Janus droplet is characterized by different polarities of charges on its two sides (upstream part and downstream part). In the presence of a direct current electric field, the droplet’s surface generates electroosmotic flows in opposite directions, resulting in the formation of vortices and facilitating solution mixing. Results from numerical simulations suggest that a better mixing performance of the micromixer is associated with both a higher absolute value of the zeta potential ratio between the downstream and upstream surfaces of the Janus droplet and a larger downstream surface area. Additionally, this study reveals that microchannel dimensions significantly influence the performance of the micromixer. Smaller microchannel widths and heights correspond to a larger mixing index for the micromixer. The micromixer presented in this study features a simple structure, easy fabrication, and holds promising application potential.
A Novel 6500 V SiC Trench MOSFET with Integrated Unipolar Diode for Improved Third Quadrant and Switching Characteristics
Authors: Wu Hao , Li Xuan , Deng Xiaochuan , Wu Yangyang , Ding Jiawei , Peng Wensong , Zhang Bo
Published: December 2023

A 6500 V SiC trench MOSFET with integrated unipolar diode (UD-MOS) is proposed to improve reverse conduction characteristics, suppress bipolar degradation, and reduce switching loss. An N type base region under the trench dummy gate provides a low barrier path to suppress hole injection during the reverse conduction operation. The reverse conduction voltage VON is reduced to 1.11 V, and the reverse recovery charge (QRR) is reduced to 1.22 μC/cm2. The gate-to-drain capacitance (CGD) and gate-to-source capacitance (CGS) of the UD-MOS are also reduced to improve switching loss due to the thick oxide layer between the trench gate and dummy gate. The proposed device exhibits an excellent loss-related figure of merit (FOM). It provides a high-voltage SiC MOSFET prototype with potential performance advantages for voltage source converter-based high voltage direct current applications.
Arsenic and Microorganisms: Genes, Molecular Mechanisms, and Recent Advances in Microbial Arsenic Bioremediation
Authors: William Vladimir U. , Magpantay Hilbert D.
Published: December 2023

Throughout history, cases of arsenic poisoning have been reported worldwide, and the highly toxic effects of arsenic to humans, plants, and animals are well documented. Continued anthropogenic activities related to arsenic contamination in soil and water, as well as its persistency and lethality, have allowed arsenic to remain a pollutant of high interest and concern. Constant scrutiny has eventually resulted in new and better techniques to mitigate it. Among these, microbial remediation has emerged as one of the most important due to its reliability, safety, and sustainability. Over the years, numerous microorganisms have been successfully shown to remove arsenic from various environmental matrices. This review provides an overview of the interactions between microorganisms and arsenic, the different mechanisms utilized by microorganisms to detoxify arsenic, as well as current trends in the field of microbial-based bioremediation of arsenic. While the potential of microbial bioremediation of arsenic is notable, further studies focusing on the field-scale applicability of this technology is warranted.
The Effects of Local Weed Species on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in an Organic Winter Wheat (Triticum durum L.) Field in Lebanon
Authors: Hayek Soukayna , Marchal Camille , Huc Stéphanie , Lapébie Ludivine , Abdulhak Sylvain , Van Es Jérémie , Barbreau Viviane , Mouhamadou Bello , Binet Marie-Noëlle
Published: December 2023

We examined the potential effects of weed species on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in an organic winter wheat (Triticum durum) field in Lebanon. In this agroecosystem, the field and its surroundings were covered with spontaneous vegetation corresponding to local weeds. The coexistence between wheat and weeds did not modify AM fungal community diversity and colonization in T. durum but changed their composition. We evidenced 22 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) specifically shared between wheat associated with weeds (Tdw) and weeds, regardless of their localization and 12 OTUs with an abundance of variation between wheat without neighboring weeds (Td) and Tdw. The number of AM propagules and total C and N contents were higher in soil covered with wheat associated with weeds (TdWsoil) vs. wheat without neighboring weeds (Tdsoil). In greenhouse experiments, the shoot biomass and root mycorrhizal intensity of Medicago sativa, used as a trap plant, were higher using TdWsoil vs. Tdsoil as the inoculum. Positive correlations were observed between soil AM propagule numbers and M. sativa shoot biomass, on the one hand and M. sativa mycorrhizal intensity, on the other hand. Weeds seemed to exert significant effects on root AM fungal composition in T. durum and these effects may contribute to enhanced AMF development in the field.
New Insights into Foodborne Bacteria–Host Interactions: Evolving Research and Discoveries
Authors: Klančnik Anja , Abram Maja
Published: December 2023

Given the growing concern about foodborne diseases, intensive research and the development of new approaches are crucial [...]
Soil Microbiome in Conditions of Oil Pollution of Subarctic Ecosystems
Authors: Melekhina Elena N. , Belykh Elena S. , Kanev Vladimir A. , Taskaeva Anastasia A. , Tarabukin Dmitry V. , Zinovyeva Aurika N. , Velegzhaninov Ilya O. , Rasova Elena E. , Baturina Olga A. , Kabilov Marsel R. , Markarova Maria Yu.
Published: December 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the recovery of soil quality and the bacterial and fungal communities following various recultivation methods in areas contaminated with oil. Oil spills are known to have severe impacts on ecosystems; thus, the restoration of contaminated soils has become a significant challenge nowadays. The study was conducted in the forest–tundra zone of the European North-East, where 39 soil samples from five oil-contaminated sites and reference sites were subjected to metagenomic analyses. The contaminated sites were treated with different biopreparations, and the recovery of soil quality and microbial communities were analyzed. The analysis of bacteria and fungi communities was carried out using 16S rDNA and ITS metabarcoding. It was found that 68% of bacterial OTUs and 64% of fungal OTUs were unique to the reference plot and not registered in any of the recultivated plots. However, the species diversity of recultivated sites was similar, with 50–80% of bacterial OTUs and 44–60% of fungal OTUs being common to all sites. New data obtained through soil metabarcoding confirm our earlier conclusions about the effectiveness of using biopreparations with indigenous oil-oxidizing micro-organisms also with mineral fertilizers, and herbaceous plant seeds for soil remediation. It is possible that the characteristics of microbial communities will be informative in the bioindication of soils reclaimed after oil pollution.
Revolutionizing Malaria Vector Control: The Importance of Accurate Species Identification through Enhanced Molecular Capacity
Authors: Hadebe Mzwandile Thabani , Malgwi Samson Anjikwi , Okpeku Moses
Published: December 2023

Many factors, such as the resistance to pesticides and a lack of knowledge of the morphology and molecular structure of malaria vectors, have made it more challenging to eradicate malaria in numerous malaria-endemic areas of the globe. The primary goal of this review is to discuss malaria vector control methods and the significance of identifying species in vector control initiatives. This was accomplished by reviewing methods of molecular identification of malaria vectors and genetic marker classification in relation to their use for species identification. Due to its specificity and consistency, molecular identification is preferred over morphological identification of malaria vectors. Enhanced molecular capacity for species identification will improve mosquito characterization, leading to accurate control strategies/treatment targeting specific mosquito species, and thus will contribute to malaria eradication. It is crucial for disease epidemiology and surveillance to accurately identify the Plasmodium spp. that are causing malaria in patients. The capacity for disease surveillance will be significantly increased by the development of more accurate, precise, automated, and high-throughput diagnostic techniques. In conclusion, although morphological identification is quick and achievable at a reduced cost, molecular identification is preferred for specificity and sensitivity. To achieve the targeted malaria elimination goal, proper identification of vectors using accurate techniques for effective control measures should be prioritized.
Robust and Transparent Silver Oxide Coating Fabricated at Room Temperature Kills Clostridioides difficile Spores, MRSA, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hosseini Mohsen , Huang Jinge , Williams Myra D. , Gonzalez Gerardo Alexander , Jiang Xiuping , Falkinham Joseph O. , Ducker William A.
Published: December 2023

Antimicrobial coatings can inhibit the transmission of infectious diseases when they provide a quick kill that is achieved long after the coating application. Here, we describe the fabrication and testing of a glass coating containing Ag2O microparticles that was prepared from sodium silicate at room temperature. The half-lives of both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on this coating are only 2–4 min. The half-life of Clostridioides difficile spores is about 9–12 min, which is extremely short for a spore. Additional tests on MRSA demonstrate that the coating retains its antimicrobial activity after abrasion and that an increased loading of Ag2O leads to a shorter half-life. This coating combines the properties of optical transparency, robustness, fast kill, and room temperature preparation that are highly desirable for an antimicrobial coating.
Isolation, Characterization, and Safety Evaluation of the Novel Probiotic Strain Lacticaseibacillus paracasei IDCC 3401 via Genomic and Phenotypic Approaches
Authors: Lee Han Bin , Bang Won Yeong , Shin Gyu Ri , Jeon Hyeon Ji , Jung Young Hoon , Yang Jungwoo
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to explore the safety and properties of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei IDCC 3401 as a novel probiotic strain via genomic and phenotypic analyses. In whole-genome sequencing, the genes associated with antibiotic resistance and virulence were not detected in this strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration test revealed that L. paracasei IDCC 3401 was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested, except for kanamycin. Furthermore, the strain did not produce toxigenic compounds, such as biogenic amines and D-lactate, nor did it exhibit significant toxicity in a single-dose acute oral toxicity test in rats. Phenotypic characterization of carbohydrate utilization and enzymatic activities indicated that L. paracasei IDCC 3401 can utilize various nutrients, allowing it to grow in deficient conditions and produce health-promoting metabolites. The presence of L. paracasei IDCC 3401 supernatants significantly inhibited the growth of enteric pathogens (p < 0.05). In addition, the adhesion ability of L. paracasei IDCC 3401 to intestinal epithelial cells was found to be as superior as that of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. These results suggest that L. paracasei IDCC 3401 is safe for consumption and provides health benefits to the host.
Nano-Mineralogy and Mineralization of the Polymetallic Nodules from the Interbasin of Seamounts, the Western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Xu Li , Deng Yuqi , Guan Yao , Sun Xiaoming , Li Dengfeng , He Wentao , Ren Yingzhi , Xiao Zhenglian
Published: December 2023

Ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) polymetallic nodules are significant marine mineral resources containing various metal elements of substantial economic and scientific research value. Previous studies have primarily focused on the mineralogy and geochemistry of the nodules, while research on their nano-mineralogy is still lacking. In this study, we conducted scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) porous structure gas adsorption/desorption, and specific surface area analysis to examine the nano-mineralogy and mineralization of the polymetallic nodules from the interbasin of seamounts in the western Pacific Ocean (IBSWP). The results indicate that the growth profiles of the IBSWP polymetallic nodules exhibit microstructural features such as laminated, stromatolithic, columnar, and mottled structures. The mineral compositions are primarily composed of Fe-Mn minerals and detritus, including quartz; minerals from the feldspar group; and minerals from the clay group. The Fe-Mn phase minerals are relatively poorly crystallized. The Mn-phase minerals contain vernadite and small amounts of todorokite, buserite, and birnessite, while the Fe-phase minerals are mainly comprised of amorphous FeOOH. The main ore-forming minerals consist of nano-minerals, and the nanostructures of the polymetallic nodules endow them with unusually large specific surface areas and pore volumes, resulting in strong adsorption properties. The unique nano-properties and surface/interface adsorption effects of Fe-Mn minerals play a crucial role in controlling the enrichment of ore-forming elements.
Linking the Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic Belts Bordering the West African and Amazonian Cratons: Review and New Hypothesis
Authors: Villeneuve Michel , Rossignol Camille
Published: December 2023

Correlations between the Neoproterozoic belts surrounding the West African Craton and northern Brazilian cratons have long been a subject of interest and controversies. Due to the splitting of African and South American continents by the Atlantic oceanic domains, no direct links are preserved, requiring relying on various geological or geophysical characteristics to propose such correlations. In addition to the opening of the Atlantic oceanic domains, another difficulty arises from the covering of northern Brazilian belts by upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic basins, making these correlations speculative. Here, we propose new correlations based on the comparison between African and Brazilian belts. Recently, new geochronological and geodynamical data obtained in West Africa have evidenced four orogens in the Neoproterozoic belts of the western margin of the West Africa Craton, while the belts on the eastern side underwent only one orogeny. Similarities with the Pan-African I (900–650 Ma) and with the Pan-African II (650–480 Ma) orogenic events have been evidenced in the western Brazilian belts (Araguay and Paraguay). The first two orogens on the western margin (Pan-African I and Pan-African II) can thus be extended to the western Brazilian belts and can be considered as parts of a single geodynamic system running from the Mauritania to the Paraguay including the “Gurupi rift” as an aulacogen connected to the NNW-SSE Panafrican I and II oceanic domains. Consequently, the eastern Brazilian belt should rather be linked the Eastern Trans-Saharan belts.
Application of Multivariate Statistical Methods for Determining Geochemical Trends of Elements on the Territory of Slovenia
Authors: Šajn Robert , Gosar Mateja , Alijagić Jasminka , Teršič Tamara
Published: December 2023

The main objective of this study is to map multi-element geochemical anomalies in soil on a regional scale. We aimed to determine and evaluate the baseline geochemical values and main geochemical trends in soil that may serve as reference values against any future changes. A total of 817 topsoil samples (0–10 cm) were collected in a 5 × 5 km grid and analyzed for 35 elements using ICP-ES after multi-acid digestions (HClO4/HNO3/HCl/HF) and 53 elements using ICP-MS after modified aqua regia digestion (HCl/HNO3/H2O). The analytical results for the two different digestion methods (multi-acid digestion vs. aqua regia) were also compared for each chemical element. Multivariate statistical methods were applied to identify the geochemical trends and main sources of trace elements over the territory of Slovenia. Based on these results, seven natural and one mixed natural/anthropogenic geochemical association were established. The contents and trends of the determined factors are presented according to 8 natural units, 4 drainage areas, and geological units characteristic of Slovenia. The identified anthropogenic geochemical association combines toxic elements (Ag, Bi, Cd, Hg, P, Pb, S, Sn, and Zn). Increased values of these elements can be found in mining areas and metallurgic centers, in Quaternary sediments of the Sava River, and Adriatic Basin as the consequence of past mining activities and in the Julian Alps, where their origin could be connected to the atmospheric deposition.
Enhanced Chalcopyrite Dissolution in Acidic Culture Medium: The Impact of Arsenopyrite Presence
Authors: Shangguan Xiangdong , Liu Yuandong , Liu Run , Wang Kan , Belqadi Wissal , He Jiayu , Tong Yan , Shen Li , Zeng Weimin , Wu Xueling , Yu Runlan , Sun Xinlei
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, research on promoting the dissolution of chalcopyrite is important. As a natural symbiotic mineral of chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite will have an impact on the dissolution of chalcopyrite. This paper shows the influence of arsenopyrite on the dissolution of chalcopyrite in an acidic culture medium. The leaching results showed that adding arsenopyrite increased the leaching concentration of copper by 332 mg/L. The residues showed a decrease in sulfur through X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and an increase in dissolution degree through scanning electron microscope (SEM). Electrochemical experiments have shown that the rest potential of arsenopyrite is higher than that of chalcopyrite, so there is a galvanic interaction, and the impact on chalcopyrite is greater than that of arsenopyrite. The polarization curve also proves this. Under the interaction of galvanic couples, the reduction of S0 production and the enhancement of Cu2+ release can promote the dissolution of chalcopyrite. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analysis under the action of galvanic coupling indicates that more SO42− is generated on the surface of chalcopyrite, replacing Sn2−/S0, and SEM shows a stronger corrosion morphology. All results confirm that the electrochemical effect between arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite promotes the dissolution of chalcopyrite in the acidic culture medium.
From Rocks to Pixels: A Protocol for Reproducible Mineral Imaging and its Applications in Machine Learning
Authors: Back Arnaud L. , Bédard L. Paul , Maitre Julien , Bouchard Kévin
Published: December 2023

Identifying minerals is essential for geology, mineral exploration, engineering, and environmental sciences. Recent advances in machine learning have illustrated its potential as a fast, cost-effective, and reliable tool for identifying minerals from photographs or photomicrographs. However, in the recent literature, few studies have been dedicated to image acquisition. Machine learning generally requires reproducible, high-quality data to perform complicated tasks such as mineral identification to avoid common pitfalls. In this paper, we propose a practical image acquisition protocol for optical microscopes. This protocol focuses on ensuring reproducibility and enhancing image quality. To favor reproducibility, we detail dealing with camera errors, using reference color gauges, and establishing experimental parameters such as the external light source and temperature. For image enhancement, we explain the importance of lighting and its impact on machine learning precision, selection of the objective, and white balance calibration. In addition, we trialed the protocol on heavy mineral concentrate from till samples (20 species) with a typical deep learning model and it revealed that minor lighting modification (<5% difference in one channel) significantly increased misclassification rates: kyanite from 6.4% to 24.9% and monazite from 6.5% to 42.9%.