bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Human Rights Disclosure Enhance Firm Value?
Authors: Tjondro Elisa , Wijoyo Clarissa , Indah Livia Mei , Chandra Yessica , Eoh Tonny Stephanus
Published: September 2022

The objective of this research is to explain the effect of human rights disclosure, independent commissioners, and family ownership on firm value. We also analyzed descriptively human rights disclosures for three periods, which is from 2017-2019, in Indonesia. UNGP-BHR and the Indonesian State Law No. 39 of 1999 about Human Rights are used as the disclosure index checklist. This study uses 345 non-financial companies that are fully listed for three periods on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data used were collected from Bloomberg and Annual Report, which had been taken from the official website of IDX and the official website of the sample companies. The data analysis technique used to test our hypothesis is panel regression. The main result of this study showed that human rights disclosure and independent commissioners have a positive impact on firm value, while family ownership negatively affects firm value. We also found that each item of human rights disclosure increased during the observation period, in which the least disclosed item was related to engagement with external human rights experts to undertake human rights issues. The implication of this research is that increasing human rights disclosure provides a positive image for the investors and creditors.
Sodium‐Intercalated Manganese Oxides for Achieving Ultra‐Stable and Fast Charge Storage Kinetics in Wide‐Voltage Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Peng Zhongyou , Li Shulong , Huang Yuting , Guo Junxi , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang
Published: September 2022

Nanostructured birnessite with tunneled structures and nearly ideal capacitive behaviors are attractive as electrode material for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). However, their practical application is hindered by inadequate structural stability, sluggish reaction kinetics, and the lack of deeper understanding of electrochemical mechanisms. Herein, oxygen defect modulated sodium‐intercalated manganese oxides (Na0.55Mn2O4‐x·1.5H2O, abbreviated as NMOx) with intercalating sodium ions and water crystals are massively fabricated, which can enable fast diffusion of cations and good structural stability. Systematical in situ and ex situ characterizations verify that the preeminent capacitive charge storage of NMOx is governed by interlayer cation intercalation and deintercalation, accompanied by interlayer spacing expansion/contraction. Subsequently, a horizontally oriented carbon nanotube microfilm with outstanding electrical conductivity and electrolyte wettability is reported for aqueous ASCs, which exhibits a wide operating voltage (2.4 V), a high energy density of 88.9 W h kg−1, and a superb cycle performance (92.7% retention after 50 000 cycles). Furthermore, a flexible planar ASC is prepared with landmark volumetric energy/power densities (60.2 mW h cm−3, 23.7 W cm−3), and excellent mechanical flexibility. This study provides not only an effective approach to fabricate tailoring structure and remarkable electrochemical properties of birnessite material, but also a deeper understanding of the charge storage mechanisms.
Confinement Engineering of Electrocatalyst Surfaces and Interfaces
Authors: Li Wei , Zhao Lin , Jiang Xiaoli , Chen Zhikai , Zhang Yagang , Wang Shuangyin
Published: September 2022

The electrocatalytic performance of nanomaterials can be enhanced by fine‐tuning the coordination environment and number of low‐coordination atoms. Confinement engineering is the most effective strategy for the precise chemical synthesis of electrocatalysts through the modulation of electron transfer properties, atomic arrangement, and molecular structure in a confined region. It not only alters the coordination environments to adjust the formation mechanism of active centers, but also regulates the physicochemical properties of electrocatalysts. Consequently, the nucleation, transportation, and stabilization of intermediate species in electrocatalysis are optimized, and then improve the performance covering activity, stability, and selectivity. In this review, confinement engineering is introduced in terms of confined definition, classification, construction, and basic principles. Then, the latest advances in the confinement engineering of electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction are systematically evaluated. Furthermore, using representative experimental results and theoretical calculations, the structure‐activity relationships between confinement engineering and electrocatalytic performance are illustrated. Finally, potential challenges and future development prospects of confined electrocatalysts are highlighted, with a focus on controlling the construction of confined environments, investigating uncommon catalytic properties in confined regions, and practical applications.
Stretchable and Self‐Healing Interlocking All‐in‐One Supercapacitors Based on Multiple Cross‐Linked Hydrogel Electrolytes
Authors: Cheng Tao , Li Lang , Chen Ya‐Li , Yang Sheng , Yang Xuan‐Li , Liu Zhong‐Ting , Qu Jie , Meng Chao‐Fu , Zhang Yi‐Zhou , Lai Wen‐Yong
Published: September 2022

Stretchable, self‐healable, and high‐capacity supercapacitors (SCs), as a state‐of‐the‐art energy storage technology, hold enormous potential in cutting‐edge wearable electronics. However, it is challenging to achieve excellent stretchability, superior self‐healing ability, and high specific capacitance in the whole device simultaneously. Herein, a new class of high‐capacity, stretchable, and self‐healing SCs with all‐in‐one structures is constructed by synergistically utilizing multiple cross‐linking effect and dynamic reversible non‐covalent bonding of a stretchable and self‐healing hydrogel electrolyte. The interlocking all‐in‐one structure leads to seamless contact as well as synchronous deformation and change between the electrodes and the electrolyte. Thus, by virtue of the stretchability and the self‐healing ability of the electrolyte, the whole devices exhibit both excellent stretchability (elongation at break of 1060%) and superior self‐healing ability (mechanically self‐healing efficiency of ≈80%). Moreover, by regulating the mass loading of the electrode materials along with the good interface contact of the all‐in‐one structure, the SCs also show high specific capacitance (109 mF cm−2). Their comprehensive performances are among the best in the ever‐reported all‐in‐one SCs. Thus, this work provides a feasible strategy for constructing high‐capacity, stretchable, and self‐healable SCs for smart wearable electronics.
A Multifunctional Skin‐Like Sensor Based on Liquid Metal Activated Gelatin Organohydrogel
Authors: Xu Shuai , Zong Yan , Ma Jianzhong , Liu Leipeng
Published: September 2022

Gelatin, as a polypeptide‐based biopolymer derived from animal resources, has a great potential to take the place of synthetic polymers for the development of next‐generation electronic skin with enhanced biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the soft and brittle nature of polypeptide hydrogel still remains as a challenge hindering its step to achieve skin‐like properties and toward practical applications. Herein, a gelatin‐based organohydrogel using liquid metal (LM) nanodroplets as functional fillers, for the purpose of designing a multifunctional skin‐like sensor, is fabricated. The LM fillers and glycol molecules, which are introduced by solvent exchange treatment, can act as crosslinkers to establish reversible dynamic interactions with gelatin chains, thus rendering the organohydrogel with self‐healing ability and improved mechanical property very close to human skin (Young's modulus = 0.25 MPa). Being benefited from LM fillers, the developed sensor exhibits remarkable temperature sensitivity (temperature coefficient of resistance of 2.73% °C−1), and is capable of detecting strain changes from both subtle and large‐scale movements. The good sustainability and biocompatibility of gelatin also make the organohydrogel a green and bio‐safe sensor for wearable electronics devices.
Multifunctional Nanoassemblies for Cytotoxic Drug and Therapeutic Enzymes Delivery in Neuroblastoma Therapy
Authors: Parra‐Nieto Jorge , García del Cid María Amor , Galeano Carolina , de Carcer Iñigo Aguirre , García‐García Lorena , Gonzalez‐Murillo África , Megias Diego , Ramirez Manuel , Baeza Alejandro
Published: September 2022

Neuroblastoma cells can acquire resistance mechanisms that make them invulnerable to chemotherapeutic agents. The use of nanoparticles as drug carriers provides the possibility to deliver several drugs simultaneously to specific tumoral cell populations, improving their therapeutic outcome. Herein, the development of a multifunctional nanoplatform based on the assembly of protocells (PC) and polymeric nanocapsules (PNC) is reported. PC provides the ability to transport and release cytotoxic drugs while PNC offers the capacity to transport enzymes to the tumoral tissues preserving their catalytic activity. Doxorubicin (Dox) and Glucose Oxidase (Gox) are housed within PC and PNC, respectively. The external surface of these nanoassemblies is decorated with synthetic targeting moieties, providing selectivity to neuroblastoma cells. Thus, the nanoplatform is endowed with the ability to generate multiple insults within neuroblastoma cells as cytotoxic drug release, glucose starvation, and oxidative damage. This nanoplatform exhibits significantly higher cytotoxic activity in comparison with only drug‐loaded protocells or empty protocells decorated with glucose oxidase nanocapsules, which points out the existence of a potent synergic effect between the action of both therapeutic agents: Dox and Gox. This strategy can be adapted to the production of multifunctional nanoassemblies, improving the arsenal against different types of tumors.
A Facile Carbon Coating on Mg‐Embedded SiOx Alloy for Fabrication of High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Mukhan Orynbassar , Umirov Nurzhan , Lee Byoung‐Min , Yun Ji‐Su , Choi Jae‐Hak , Kim Sung‐Soo
Published: September 2022

The use of SiOx‐containing anode materials to increase the energy density limited by the utilization of low gravimetric specific capacity commercial graphite has recently received great interest. However, a low initial Coulombic efficiency and other inherent disadvantages of SiOx such as huge volume changes and poor electron transportation result in complicating its widespread use. To overcome these issues herein, a simple, cost‐effective, and mass‐producible phenolic resin‐coated Mg‐SiOx anode composite for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries compared to the carbon film produced by the chemical vapor deposition method is designed. Carbon‐coated Mg‐SiOx based on the phenolic resin is found to act as a direct contact protection electrolyte–electrode interface and boosts kinetics of Li+ transport among the electrodes, ensuring the formation of stable solid electrolyte interphase upon cycling. As a result, the phenolic resin‐coated Mg‐SiOx alloy electrode delivers a stable specific capacity up to ≈1700 mAh g‐1 after 100 cycles. Testing with an industrial protocol, a full cell pairing of the Mg‐SiOx@C/graphite blended anode and commercial LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode achieves a gravimetric and volumetric energy density of 467 Wh Kg‐1 and 953 Wh L‐1, respectively, which is higher than that of the cell based on the conventional graphite.
A Novel Buckle‐Free Large Rib Microdisk with Submicrometer Thickness
Authors: Honari Shahin , Farajollahi Saeed , Lu Tao
Published: September 2022

Thin large microdisks, that are key to dense spectral microcomb generation at visible‐to‐UV wavelengths, face challenges in fabrication. One of the most difficult issues is the buckling effect that makes comb generation infeasible due to the severe degradation of cavity optical quality factor. Herein, a novel rib disk structure that significantly mitigates the buckling effects is introduced. Using this approach, millimeter‐sized buckle‐free microdisks with sub‐micrometer thickness and high optical quality factor exceeding 107 are obtained.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization of N‐Nitrosoanilines with α‐Sulfonylcarbenes
Authors: Peng Rui‐jun , Chen Lei , Zhang Xue‐jing , Yan Ming
Published: September 2022

A Rh(III)‐catalyzed ortho C−H functionalization of N‐nitrosoanilines with α‐sulfonylcarbenes had been developed. The reaction was carried out under mild conditions and the products were obtained with good to excellent yields. The diverse transformations of the products to ortho‐functionalized anilines and nitrogen heterocycles were achieved. Furthermore, a cascade reaction of N‐nitrosoanilines and α‐sulfonyl‐α‐diazo‐ketones provided 3‐sulfonyl‐indoles efficiently.

magnified image
Polypyrrole‐Assisted Nitrogen Doping Strategy to Boost Vanadium Dioxide Performance for Wearable Nonpolarity Supercapacitor and Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Guo Jiabin , Li Lei , Luo Jie , Gong Wenbin , Pan Rui , He Bing , Xu Shuhong , Liu Meinan , Wang Yongjiang , Zhang Baihe , Wang Chunlei , Wei Lei , Zhang Qichong , Li Qingwen
Published: September 2022

Fiber‐shaped energy‐storage devices with high energy and power density are crucial for powering wearable electronics. However, the improvement of their energy and power density is limited by the low mass loading of active materials and slow diffusion of ions, which further hinders the application as flexible energy‐storage devices. Herein, a facile and cost‐effective strategy is proposed to fabricate polypyrrole (PPy)‐assisted nitrogen‐doped vanadium dioxide/nitrogen‐doped carbon (N–VO2@NC) heterostructures by the pyrolyzation of vanadium oxide (VOx)/PPy supported on carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF). The carbonization of PPy nanowire not only forms nitrogen‐doped carbon 3D conductive scaffold for enhancing ion transport pathways and mass loading of N–VO2 but also provides source of nitrogen in situ doping into VOx to produce N–VO2 for improving electronic conductivity and energy‐storage capacity. Consequently, the well‐designed N–VO2@NC@CNTF electrode delivers impressive electrochemical performance and extraordinary mechanical flexibility both applied in all‐solid‐state fiber‐shaped nonpolarity supercapacitors and aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Furthermore, the results of theoretical calculations discovered that the band gap of PPy‐assisted N–VO2 can be significantly reduced from 0.55 to 0.23 eV and thus its conductivity is greatly enhanced. This work sheds light on the construction of high‐performance free‐standing electrodes for next‐generation wearable aqueous energy‐storage devices.
Exploring adolescence as a key life history stage in bioarchaeology
Authors: Lewis Mary E.
Published: September 2022

Adolescence is a unique period in the life history of an individual. It is characterized by a myriad of changes that bioarchaeologists are only just coming to appreciate, related to sexual maturation, linear growth, immunological transformation, and emotional and cognitive development. New methods allow us to measure this age of transition through the stages of the adolescent growth, as a proxy for the physical development associated with sexual maturation (puberty). This review outlines ways bioarchaeologists may draw on research developments from the fields of human biology, evolutionary theory and neurobiology to advance a more holistic approach to the study of adolescence in the past. It considers current theoretical and analytical approaches to highlight the research potential of this critical stage of life history. This synthesis integrates the most recent research in the medical sciences concerned with body and brain development, and outlines the biological processes involved with sexual and physical maturation of the adolescent. The goal of this review is to help inform potentially rewarding areas of research that bioarchaeologists can contribute to and draw from, as well as the challenges and limitations, theoretical and methodological questions, and ways in which we can develop the study of adolescence in the discipline going forward.
Free‐Electron Tomography of Few‐Cycle Optical Waveforms
Authors: Morimoto Yuya , Chen Bo‐Han , Baum Peter
Published: September 2022

Ultrashort light pulses are ubiquitous in modern research but the electromagnetic field of the optical cycles is usually not easy to obtain as a function of time. Field‐resolved pulse characterization requires either a nonlinear‐optical process or auxiliary sampling pulses that are shorter than the waveform under investigation and pulse metrology without at least one of these two prerequisites is often thought to be impossible. Here is reported how the optical field cycles of laser pulses can be characterized with field‐linear sensitivity and no ultrashort probe events. A free‐space electron beam is let to cross with the waveform of interest. Randomly arriving electrons interact by means of their elementary charge with the optical waveform in a linear‐optical way and reveal the optical cycles as the turning points in a time‐integrated deflection histogram. The sensitivity is only limited by the electron‐beam emittance and can reach the level of thermal radiation and vacuum fluctuations. Besides overturning a common belief in optical pulse metrology, the idea also provides practical perspectives for in situ characterization and optimization of optical waveforms in higher‐harmonics experiments, ultrafast transmission electron microscopes, laser‐driven particle accelerators, free‐electron lasers, or generally any experiments with waveform‐controlled laser pulses in a vacuum environment.
Activity‐based Photoacoustic Probes Reveal Elevated Intestinal MGL and FAAH Activity in a Murine Model of Obesity
Authors: Lucero Melissa Y. , Gardner Sarah H. , Yadav Anuj K. , Borri Austin , Zhao Zhenxiang , Chan Jefferson
Published: September 2022

Obesity is a chronic health condition characterized by the accumulation of excessive body fat which can lead to and exacerbate cardiovascular disease, type‐II diabetes, high blood pressure, and cancer through systemic inflammation. Unfortunately, visualizing key mediators of the inflammatory response, such as monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), in a selective manner is a profound challenge owing to an overlapping substrate scope that involves arachidonic acid (AA). Specifically, these enzymes work in concert to generate AA, which in the context of obesity, has been implicated to control appetite and energy metabolism. In this study, we developed the first selective activity‐based sensing probes to detect MGL (PA‐HD‐MGL) and FAAH (PA‐HD‐FAAH) activity via photoacoustic imaging. Activation of PA‐HD‐MGL and PA‐HD‐FAAH by their target enzymes resulted in 1.74‐fold and 1.59‐fold signal enhancements, respectively. Due to their exceptional selectivity profiles and deep‐tissue photoacoustic imaging capabilities, these probes were employed to measure MGL and FAAH activity in a murine model of obesity. Contrary to conflicting reports suggesting levels of MGL can be attenuated or elevated, our results support the latter. Indeed, we discovered a marked increase of both targets in the gastrointestinal tract. These key findings set the stage to uncover the role of the endocannabinoid pathway in obesity‐mediated inflammation.
Greatly Enhanced Accessibility and Reproducibility of Worm‐like Micelles by In Situ Crosslinking Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Jian , Chang Zi‐Xuan , Bai Wei , Hong Chun‐Yan
Published: September 2022

Worm‐like micelles have attracted great interest due to their anisotropic structures. However, the experimental conditions for obtaining worm‐like micelles are very restricted, which usually causes seriously poor reproducibility. In this work, significantly enhanced accessibility of worm‐like micelles is realized by in situ crosslinking polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA). The reproducibility of worm‐like micelles is greatly improved due to the significantly enlarged experimental windows of worm‐like micelles in the morphology diagram. Moreover, the reliability of the methodology to enhance the accessibility of worm‐like micelles has been demonstrated in various in situ crosslinking PISA systems. The greatly enhanced accessibility and reproducibility of worm‐like micelles is undoubtedly cost‐effective especially in scale‐up production, which paves the way for further application of worm‐like micelles with various compositions and functionalities.
A Versatile Strategy for Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Fluorescent Material Based on Cross‐Linking‐Induced Emission: Applications in Encryption
Authors: Jiang Yu , Ma Jiahui , Ran Ziyu , Zhong Huiqing , Zhang Daohong , Hadjichristidis Nikos
Published: September 2022

A versatile strategy for smart fluorescent materials is lacking due to their diverse responding mechanisms and incompatibility of responsive behaviors. Herein an adaptable strategy is presented toward a multi‐stimuli‐responsive fluorescent material with stage‐by‐stage responsive behavior by blending linear polymers modified with different stimulus‐responsive moieties and AIE cross‐linker. Under stimuli, the linear polymer can cross‐link with the cross‐linker to form networks, which intrinsically restrict the intramolecular rotation of the AIE molecule to induce strong emission. A unified stimuli‐responsive mechanism is involved in that various stimuli are transferred through the organized “stimulus‐crosslink‐emission” process. This strategy ensures the compatibility of different stimuli‐responses and the adjustability of stimulus‐response behavioral logic. These multi‐stimuli‐responsive fluorescent materials exhibited strong accessibility and adaptability for information encryption.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective 1,2‐Oxyhalogenation of Non‐Conjugated Alkynes via Directed Nucleopalladation: Catalytic Access to Tetrasubstituted Alkenes**
Authors: Liu Mingyu , Sun Juntao , Zhang Tao , Ding Yi , Han Ye‐Qiang , Martín‐Montero Raúl , Lan Yu , Shi Bing‐Feng , Engle Keary M.
Published: September 2022

A catalytic 1,2‐oxyhalogenation method that converts non‐conjugated internal alkynes into tetrasubstituted alkenes with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity is described. Mechanistically, the reaction involves a PdII/PdIV catalytic cycle that begins with a directed oxypalladation step. The origin of regioselectivity is the preference for formation of a six‐membered palladacycle intermediate, which is facilitated by an N,N‐bidentate 2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)isopropyl (PIP) amide directing group. Selectivity for C(alkenyl)−X versus −N (X=halide) reductive elimination from the PdIV center depends on the identity of the halide anion; bromide and iodide engage in C(alkenyl)−X formation, while intramolecular C(alkenyl)−N reductive elimination occurs with chloride to furnish a lactam product. DFT calculations shed light on the origins of this phenomenon.
Self‐Healing and Shape Memory Hypercrosslinked Metal‐Organic Polyhedra Polymers via Coordination Post‐Assembly
Authors: Liu Jinjin , Li Jiamin , Qiao Shan , Wang Zhifang , Zhang Penghui , Fan Xiangqian , Cheng Peng , Li Yue‐Sheng , Chen Yao , Zhang Zhenjie
Published: September 2022

Coordination‐driven crosslinking networks with reversible and dynamic characteristics are gaining increasing interest in diverse application fields. Herein, we use a coordination crosslinking approach using metal‐organic polyhedra (MOPs) as high‐connectivity building blocks to post‐assemble a class of coordination hypercrosslinked MOP (CHMOP) polymers. The introduction of 12‐connected MOP nodes to the polymeric networks is critical to producing membranes that overcome the trade‐off between mechanical properties and dynamic healing, and meanwhile possess multifunctionalities including shape memory, solution processability, and 3D printing. The CHMOPs can also be used for anticorrosion coating and achieve function couplings, e.g., shape memory‐assisted self‐healing (SMASH), which have not been achieved in the MOP‐based hybrid materials yet. This work not only offers a feasible strategy to construct new multifunctional materials but also greatly expands the application scopes of MOPs.
Regulating Surface Reaction Kinetics through Ligand Field Effects for Fast and Reversible Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Liu Bo , Wei Cong , Zhu Zixuan , Fang Yanyan , Bian Zenan , Lei Xin , Zhou Ya , Tang Chongyang , Qian Yitai , Wang Gongming
Published: September 2022

Designing water‐deficient solvation sheath of Zn2+ by ligand substitution is a widely used strategy to protect Zn metal anode, yet the intrinsic tradeoff between Zn nucleation/dissolution kinetics and the side hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a huge challenge. Herein, we find boric acid (BA) with moderate ligand field interaction can partially replace H2O molecules in the solvation sheath of Zn2+, forming a stable water‐deficient solvation sheath. It enables fast Zn nucleation/dissolution kinetics and substantially suppressed HER. Crucially, by systematically comparing the ligand field strength and solvation energies between BA and the ever‐reported electrolyte additives, we also find that the solvation energy has a strong correlation with Zn nucleation/dissolution kinetics and HER inhibition ability, displaying a classic volcano behavior. The modulation map could provide valuable insights for solvation sheath design of zinc batteries and beyond.
Heterocyclic pyrazole‐containing diiron dithiolato analogues: Synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry, and fungicidal activity
Authors: Liu Xu‐Feng , Li Yu‐Long , Liu Xing‐Hai
Published: September 2022

In this article, a series of diiron dithiolato analogues with a pyrazole moiety has been obtained as models for [FeFe]‐hydrogenases active site. The starting material [Fe2(CO)6{μ‐SCH2CH(CH2OH)S}] (1) reacted with N‐methyl‐5‐trifluoromethyl‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic acid promoted by 4‐dimethylaminopyridine and N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to give the target ester [Fe2(CO)6{μ‐SCH2CHCH2O2C(CF3C3N2CH3)S}] (2) in very good yield. Complex 2 further reacted with various phosphine ligands and Me3NO·2H2O to yield analogues [Fe2(CO)5L{μ‐SCH2CHCH2O2C(CF3C3N2CH3)S}] {L = PPh3, 3; P(4‐C6H4CH3)3, 4; P(2‐C6H4OCH3)3, 5; P(3‐C6H4Cl)3, 6; Ph2P(C6H11), 7} in 72%–84% yields. The new products 2–7 were structurally identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), elemental analysis, and particularly for 2–6 by X‐ray crystallography. The electrochemical studies have shown that these complexes can electrocatalyze the reduction of protons to H2 with added HOAc. In addition, the fungicidal activities of these complexes have been investigated.
Preparation and properties of cellulose nanofibers/α‐zirconium phosphate nanosheets composite polyvinyl alcohol ion‐conductive organohydrogel and its application in strain sensors
Authors: Liu Xinle , Qin Juhua , Wang Jing , Chen Yipeng , Miao Guohao , Zheng Junping , Liu Xiaofei
Published: September 2022

The poor mechanical and electrical properties and single function of conventional conductive hydrogels severely limit their application in flexible sensors. Here, a multifunctional nanomaterial composite high‐strength hydrogel strain sensor was prepared by incorporating α‐zirconium phosphate (α‐ZrP) nanosheets with hydroxyl functional groups on the surface and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) into a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)matrix simultaneously, using a binary glycerol/water solution as the dispersion medium and a strategy of cyclic freeze–thawing followed by sodium chloride immersion. The experiments showed that CNFs and α‐ZrP nanosheets can form hydrogen bonding interactions with PVA chains, which can synergistically improve the mechanical and electrical properties of the gels with little effect on its transparency, and the tensile strength and elongation at break of the gels can reach 2.42 MPa and 541%, respectively, and the ionic conductivity exceeds 7.65 mS/cm, while possessing a transmission rate of 87% at 600 nm visible light wavelength. In addition, the introduction of glycerol imparts the gel with remodeling, anti‐freezing, and long‐term stability. As a strain sensor, it has a linear sensing range of 0%–350% and high sensitivity (GF = 2.46), and the sensing gloves prepared based on it can accurately and stably recognize letters written by hand.
Preparation and ablative behaviors of carbon fiber‐reinforced polydimethylsiloxane‐co‐poly(silylene acetylenearyleneacetylene) composites
Authors: Hu Xueying , Yuan Qiaolong , Huang Farong , Liu Zuozhen , Li Boqian
Published: September 2022

Two block copolymers with poly(silylene acetylenearyleneacetylene) (PSA) as block A and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as block B have been synthesized by Grignard reagent. The structure and properties of the copolymers have been studied. The chopped T700 carbon fibers have been used to reinforce the copolymers to obtain the composites. The ablation and change of composition on the surface of composites have been further investigated. The results show that there are two block structures of ethynyl‐endcapped copolymers. The copolymer with ABA structure (PPSOA‐1) is solid at room temperature, and the other with BAB structure (PPSOA‐2) is viscous. The thermal stability of the cured PPSOA‐1 is higher than that of the cured PPSOA‐2. The chopped T700 carbon fibers reinforced copolymer composites keep shape well after 300 s at 600°C in a muffle furnace and maintain above 91% weight retention. Under the heat flow of 1 MW m−2, there are white inorganic layers on the surface of the composites after ablation in 120 s at 1200°C. The white layer on the T700CF reinforced PPSOA‐1 composite is hollow and composed of amorphous carbon‐containing silica. The block copolymer of PDMS‐co‐PSA with excellent thermal stability is promising for utilization in thermal protection systems.
CEACAM6 serves as a biomarker for leptomeningeal metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Xueying , Tang Xuemei , Gu Jiahui , Sun Ziwei , Yang Shengrui , Mu Yuan , Guan Ming , Chen Kun , Liu Wei , Ruan Haoyu , Xu Jian
Published: September 2022

Background and aims

Diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is challenging. In our previous study, CEACAM6 mRNA was found to be highly expressed in the circulating tumor cells of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with lung adenocarcinoma with LM (LUAD‐LM). The aim of this study was to identify whether CEACAM6 could be used as a biomarker for LUAD‐LM.

Materials and methods

The level of CEACAM6 was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in CSF from 40 LUAD‐LM and 44 normal controls, and additional serum samples from 138 LUAD patients, including 12 LUAD‐LM patients, and 30 healthy controls. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21‐1) and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) levels in the CSF and sera were detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic performance for LUAD‐LM.

Results

CSF CEACAM6 level was higher in LUAD‐LM than that in normal controls. In serum, LUAD patients had a higher level of CAECAM6 than healthy controls, and LM patients had the highest level among them. Serum CEACAM6 had a higher AUC than CEA in differentiating LM from non‐LM in LUAD patients (0.95 vs. 0.64, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

CEACAM6 may serve as a potential biomarker in diagnosing LUAD‐LM.
“Online delivery gave me privacy and distance from others”: feasibility trial and qualitative evaluation of an online intervention for refugees and asylum seekers; LTP + EMDR G‐TEP
Authors: Kaptan Safa Kemal , Varese Filippo , Yilmaz Betul , Andriopoulou Panoraia , Husain Nusrat
Published: September 2022

Rates of mental health difficulties are high among refugees and asylum seekers who are parents, which makes their family members vulnerable to further negative outcomes such as behavioural problems or withdrawal. Maternal health and responsive parenting can stimulate the well‐being of family members. However, displaced parents may fail to fulfil this role due to their own personal emotional issues. This current study is the first trial that tested the acceptability and feasibility of a remote multicomponent parenting intervention for refugees and asylum seekers: Learning Through Play and EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol. The study was a single‐arm feasibility trial with an embedded qualitative component, and took place in the UK. We recruited caregivers of children under three years of age and offered eight sessions of a remote group Learning Through Play parenting intervention and Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing Group Traumatic Episode Protocol (LTP+ EMDR G‐TEP). We administered assessments, including the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, International Trauma Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, followed by qualitative interviews. Of the 16 participants approached, 14 consented and were eligible to participate. Both qualitative and quantitative results showed the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention based on a recruitment rate of 88% of eligible participants and a 78% attendance rate for all sessions. Participants showed improvements in all outcome measures, an increase in parental self‐esteem and a reduction in mental health symptoms. Findings also suggest that remote interventions are promising as a scalable approach for displaced families.
2 bladder, or not 2 bladder? That is the question
Authors: Davis Monique G. , Blankenship James C.
Published: September 2022

Key Points

Radial artery occlusion remains an unsolved problem with radial access even when patent hemostasis technique is used.

Ulnar compression during radial artery patent hemostasis further decreases radial artery occlusion and is recognized as a radial access "best practice".

In this study ulnar compression with a 2‐bladder band decreased radial occlusion rates compared to conventional patent hemostasis with a 1‐bladder band and may offer an elegant solution to the problem of how to achieve ulnar compression.
Hyperreactio luteinalis associated with fetal hyperandrogenism and cystic hygroma
Authors: Ghassa Ali , Adwan Dema , Safadi Mhd Firas
Published: September 2022

A 23‐year‐old woman with a gestational age of 17 weeks presented with abdominal pain. The ultrasound showed maternal hyperreactio luteinalis with fetal cystic hygroma. After termination of pregnancy, the female fetus showed masculinization features with muscular hypertrophy. The hyperreactio luteinalis regressed under hormonal suppression therapy.
Bicomponent Cocatalyst Decoration on Flux‐assisted CaTaO2N Single Crystals for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction under Visible Light
Authors: Zhou Hanghang , Luo Ying , Xu Jun , Deng Lidan , Wang Zheng , He Hong
Published: September 2022

Cubic‐like CaTaO2N photocatalysts with high crystallinity and uniform particle size were successfully prepared by the flux‐assisted nitridation method. The growth of CaTaO2N single crystals under different synthesis conditions was systematically investigated to understand the effects of the crystallinity and optical property on photocatalytic performance of CO2 reduction. Moreover, the modification of CaTaO2N single crystals with core‐shell Ni−Ag bicomponent cocatalyst by two‐step decoration process gave a 2.4 times higher amount of CO evolution than the deposition of sole Ag cocatalyst, because of the synergistic effects of bicomponent cocatalyst on the interfacial electron transfer and surface catalytic process. This study provides a valuable way to construct high‐crystalline photocatalysts with effective bicomponent cocatalyst for visible‐light‐driven CO2 reduction with H2O.
Modulation of Metal Carbonyl Stretching Frequencies in the Second Coordination Sphere through the Internal Stark Effect
Authors: Parker Gemma L. , Van Lommel Ruben , Roig Nil , Alonso Mercedes , Chaplin Adrian B.
Published: September 2022

Spectroscopic and computational examination of a homologous series of rhodium(I) pybox carbonyl complexes has revealed a correlation between the conformation of the flanking aryl‐substituted oxazoline donors and the carbonyl stretching frequency. This relationship is also observed experimentally for octahedral rhodium(III) and ruthenium(II) variants and cannot be explained through the classical, Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson, interpretation of metal‐carbonyl bonding. Instead, these findings are reconciled by local changes in the magnitude of the electric field that is projected along the metal‐carbonyl vector: the internal Stark effect.
Evolution of a Synthetic Strategy for Garsubellin A
Authors: Jang Dongseok , Choi Minchul , Chen Jinglong , Lee Chulbom
Published: September 2022

Garsubellin A is a thirty‐carbon meroterpenoid capable of enhancing the enzyme choline acetyltransferase whose decreased level is associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Due to the potentially useful biological activity along with the novel molecular architecture, this plant metabolite has remained a popular synthetic target. Herein we report a full account of our synthetic investigations that have led to the enantioselective total synthesis of garsubellin A, establishing its absolute stereostructure. The protecting group‐free, twelve‐step synthetic route has enabled the syntheses of the natural (−)‐garsubellin A and its unnatural (+)‐antipode.
Integrated Reversible Thermochromism, High Tc, Dielectric Switch and Narrow Band Gap in One Multifunctional Ferroic
Authors: Shao Ting , Ni Hao‐Fei , Su Chang‐Yuan , Jia Qiang‐Qiang , Xie Li‐Yan , Fu Da‐Wei , Lu Hai‐Feng
Published: September 2022

Organic‐inorganic Hybrid (OIH) materials for multifunctional switchable applications have attracted enormous attention in recent years due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and good structural tunability. However, it still remains challenging to fabricate one simple OIH compound with multi‐functionals properties, such as dielectric switching, thermochromic properties, semiconductor characteristics and ferroelasticity. Under this context, we successfully synthesized [2‐(2‐fluorophenyl)ethan‐1‐ ammonium]2SnBr6 (compound 1), which has a higher phase transition temperature of 427.7 K. Additionally, it exhibits a semiconducting property with an indirect band gap of 2.36 eV. Combining ferroelastic, narrow band gap, thermochromic, and dielectric properties, compound 1 can be considered as a rarely reported multi‐functional ferroelastic material, which is expected to give inspiration for broadening the applications in the smart devices field.
Rational design of highly enantioselective composite voltammetric sensors using a computationally predicted chiral modifier
Authors: Zilberg Rufina A. , Vakulin Ivan V. , Teres Julia B. , Galimov Ilnar I. , Maistrenko Valery N.
Published: September 2022

The use of chiral modifiers is among the simplest and most popular strategies for synthesizing enantioselective voltammetric sensors that are applied for the analysis and discrimination of enantiomerical drugs in various media. The type and structure of the chiral modifier are the key factors for the creation of enantioselectivity to a specified analyte. We suggest a novel approach to the prediction of the quality of a chiral modifier for preparing highly enantioselective sensors. The suggested approach is based on the molecular mechanics modeling of the adsorption of analyte enantiomers on chiral modifiers and on the comparison of the corresponding adsorption energies (ΔEads). The efficiency of our approach is demonstrated using the example of cyclodextrins and chiral single‐wall carbon nanotubes as chiral modifiers, and a wide range of chiral analytes. We found that the experimental enantioselectivity (ϑexp) measured using voltammetry linearly correlates with ΔEads. The suggested approach also showed good predictive power in application to enantioselective chromatography, which further validates its general applicability.
Water Recovery from Urban Wastewater for Irrigation using Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration: Optimization and Performance
Authors: Yasar Aynur , Can Dogan Esra , Ayberk Hamza Savas , Aydiner Coskun
Published: September 2022

The shortcomings of conventional processes for treating urban wastewater subjected to secondary treatment, in order to use this water for irrigation, are well known. Alternative advanced treatment techniques are required instead. This study aims to use single‐stage ultrafiltration (UF) or nanofiltration (NF) membrane processes to produce irrigation water from biologically treated urban wastewater. For this purpose, the effects of four process variables (membrane type, cross flow velocity, temperature, and transmembrane pressure) on process performance parameters (permeate flux, concentrations/removal efficiencies of contaminants) are analyzed through Taguchi experiment design. Temperature and membrane type are found to have the biggest effect on UF, whereas the membrane type is the most significant variable for the NF. Moreover, the use of membrane permeate for landscaping and agricultural irrigation based on optimal conditions is assessed with reference to the criteria imposed by national regulation/international guidelines. Water in various quality categories is produced using different settings for 28 distinct specific parameters with reference to the membrane type, process performance, and the irrigation method. The results indicate that single‐stage UF or NF membranes with high recovery rates can be used for wastewater subjected to secondary treatment, to recover irrigation water at low pressure and high water permeate flux.
Unauthorized and privacy‐intrusive human activity watching through Wi‐Fi signals: An emerging cybersecurity threat
Authors: Qi Fang , Zhao Yingkai , Bhuiyan Md Zakirul Alam , Hai Tao , Islam Monirul , Zhang Shaobo , Tang Zhe
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, wireless radio signals are ubiquitous and are around us; some signals pass through us, and some reflect off us. Substantial advancements in recent years demonstrate that such signals are utilized for diverse emerging applications, including people activity, motion watches, healthcare, and so forth. A few questions would be that may raise severe concerns in future cybersecurity and private domains. For example, what if Wi‐Fi signals are utilized to watch a person doings and actions, which are mostly without the person's authorization and authentication. How far such signal utilization can attack privacy intrusively, silently, more particularly, what/where we do, say, command, see, write, draw, go, perform, everything can be known. In this article, we investigate watching human activities by leveraging Wi‐Fi signals and discuss a few application prototypes. We attempt to learn whether or not attackers have the ability to passively watch our Internet activity as well as physical activities and motions through Wi‐Fi. With all‐new advances, one must be aware that cyberattackers may apply unauthorized use of these advances to their benefit. We discuss some of the countermeasures and approaches to mitigate these risks with Wi‐Fi signal leveraging.
Antipredator behaviors in urban settings: Ecological experimentation powered by citizen science
Authors: Zuckerberg Benjamin , McCabe Jennifer D. , Gilbert Neil A.
Published: September 2022

Animal behaviors are often modified in urban settings due to changes in species assemblages and interactions. The ability of prey to respond to a predator is a critical behavior, but urban populations may experience altered predation pressure, food supplementation, and other human‐mediated disturbances that modify their responsiveness to predation risk and promote habituation.

Citizen‐science programs generally focus on the collection and analysis of observational data (e.g., bird checklists), but there has been increasing interest in the engagement of citizen scientists for ecological experimentation.

Our goal was to implement a behavioral experiment in which citizen scientists recorded antipredator behaviors in wild birds occupying urban areas. In North America, increasing populations ofAccipiterhawks have colonized suburban and urban areas and regularly prey upon birds that frequent backyard bird feeders. This scenario, of an increasingly common avian predator hunting birds near human dwellings, offers a unique opportunity to characterize antipredator behaviors within urban passerines.

For two winters, we engaged citizen scientists in Chicago, IL, USA to deploy a playback experiment and record antipredator behaviors in backyard birds. If backyard birds maintained their antipredator behaviors, we hypothesized that birds would decrease foraging behaviors and increase vigilance in response to a predator cue (hawk playback) but that these responses would be mediated by flock size, presence of sentinel species, body size, tree cover, and amount of surrounding urban area.

Using a randomized control–treatment design, citizen scientists at 15 sites recorded behaviors from 3891 individual birds representing 22 species. Birds were more vigilant and foraged less during the playback of a hawk call, and these responses were strongest for individuals within larger flocks and weakest in larger‐bodied birds. We did not find effects of sentinel species, tree cover, or urbanization.

By deploying a behavioral experiment, we found that backyard birds inhabiting urban landscapes largely maintained antipredator behaviors of increased vigilance and decreased foraging in response to predator cues. Experimentation in citizen science poses challenges (e.g., observation bias, sample size limitations, and reduced complexity in protocol design), but unlike programs focused solely on observational data, experimentation allows researchers to disentangle the complex factors underlying animal behavior and species interactions.
Scale‐dependent effects of marine subsidies on the island biogeographic patterns of plants
Authors: Obrist Debora S. , Fitzpatrick Owen T. , Brown Norah E. M. , Hanly Patrick J. , Nijland Wiebe , Reshitnyk Luba Y. , Wickham Sara B. , Darimont Chris T. , Reynolds John D. , Starzomski Brian M.
Published: September 2022

Although species richness can be determined by different mechanisms at different spatial scales, the role of scale in the effects of marine inputs on island biogeography has not been studied explicitly. Here, we evaluated the potential influence of island characteristics and marine inputs (seaweed wrack biomass and marine‐derived nitrogen in the soil) on plant species richness at both a local (plot) and regional (island) scale on 92 islands in British Columbia, Canada. We found that the effects of subsidies on species richness depend strongly on spatial scale. Despite detecting no effects of marine subsidies at the island scale, we found that as plot level subsidies increased, species richness decreased; plots with more marine‐derived nitrogen in the soil hosted fewer plant species. We found no effect of seaweed wrack at either scale. To identify potential mechanisms underlying the decrease in diversity, we fit a spatially explicit joint species distribution model to evaluate species level responses to marine subsidies and effects of biotic interactions among species. We found mixed evidence for competition for both light and nutrients, and cannot rule out an alternative mechanism; the observed decrease in species richness may be due to disturbances associated with animal‐mediated nutrient deposits, particularly those from North American river otters (Lontra canadensis). By evaluating the scale‐dependent effects of marine subsidies on island biogeographic patterns of plants and revealing likely mechanisms that act on community composition, we provide novel insights on the scale dependence of a fundamental ecological theory, and on the rarely examined links between marine and terrestrial ecosystems often bridged by animal vectors.